bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hydrolysis of Adenosinetriphosphate and Creatinephosphate on Isometric Contraction of Vascular Smooth Muscle
Authors: Beviz Andras , Lundholm Lennart , Mohme‐Lundholm Ella , Vamos Nandor 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBeviz, A., L. Lundholm, E. Xiohme‐Lundholrn and N. Vanios. Hydrolysis of adenosinetriphosphate and creatinephosphate on isomdric contraction of vasculur smooth muscle. Actaphysioi. scand. 1965. 65. 268–272. In experiments on isolated bovine mesenteric artery the adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and creatinephosphate (CrP) contents were determined after isometric contraction by adrenaline. 1 min after addition of adrenaline (1.10‐6) when the rise of tension was one‐half maximum, the ATP content had fallen by 0.16 ± 0.07 μmoie/g of tissue and the CrP content by 0.22 ± 0.07 μmole. At the end of 7 min, when the elevation of tension was maximal, hydrolysis of ATP amounted to 0.37 ± 0.10 μmiole and that of CrP to 0.40 ± 0.09 μmole/g of tissue. There was no definite change of the adenosinediphosphate (ADP) or adenosinemonophosphate (AMP) content. When adrenaline had exerted its action for 60 min and the tension was still at maximal level: the ATP content did not differ from that in the controls, whereas the CrP content was still reduced by 0.52 ± 0.18μmolelg of tissue. Calculation of the P.L/H quotient from the summed hydrolysis of ATP and CrP and the rise in tension during the first minute of contraction, gave a value of 9.5. This value was of similar magnitude to that found on thermoelectric determination of the heat production associated with isometric contraction of striated and smooth muscle.
Effects of Synthetic Angiotensin II on Catecholamine Levels and Biological Activity
Authors: Buckley Joseph P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBuckley, J. P. Effects of synthetic angiotensin II on catecholamine levels and biological activity. Acta physiol. scand. 1965 65. 273–278. – Perfusion of synthetic angiotensin II did not alter the content of catecholamines in the isolated rabbit kidney and did not potentate the vasocon‐strictive effect of tyramine on the isolated perfused rabbit kidney. Angiotensin II did induce slow rhythmic alterations in perfusion pressure having a frequency of 2 to 3 per minute and pressure changes varying from 30 to 120 mm of water. Infusion of angiotensin II to anesthetized rats did not significantly alter the tissue content of catecholamines in the heart and kidney. The administration of angiotensin II via the carotid inflow to the recipient's head in dog cross circulation preparations in which the head was vascularly isolated from the trunk between C‐3 and C‐4 produced approximately a 50 % increase in the urinary excretion of adrenaline and no change in the excretion of noradrenaline in the recipient.
Influence of Dihydroergotamine and Adrenaline on the Concentrations of Glucose‐6–Phosphate, Fructose‐6–Phosphate, Adenosinetriphosphate and Creatinephosphate in Bovine Mesenteric Artery
Authors: Beviz A. , Mohme‐Lundholm E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBeviz, A. and E. Mohme‐Lundholm. Influence of dihydroergotamine and adrenaline on the concentrations of glucose‐6–phosphate, fructose‐6–phosphate, adrenosinetriphosphate and creatinephosphate in bovine mesenteric artery. Acta physiol. scand. 1965. 65. 289–291. ‐ In experiments on isolated mesenteric artery dihydroergotamine (DHE) at a concentration of 1.10‐6. Raised the adenosinetri phosphate (ATP), creatine phosphate (CrP), glucose‐6–phosphate and fructose‐6–phosphate levels in the muscle preparations. On addition of adrenaline at a concentration of 1.10‐6. Following DHE, the muscle relaxed coincidently with a further rise of the ATP, CrP, glucose‐6–phosphate and fructose‐6–phosphate contents. Nethalide inhibited the relaxant effect of adrenaline. In experiments on preparations not treated with DHE, adrenaline contracted the muscle and reduced its ATP and CrP contents. Adrenaline thus appears to have stimulated receptors of two types: a‐receptors linked with arterial muscle contraction and hydrolysis of ATP, and β‐receptors associated with relaxation, synthesis of ATP, and stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism.
Tissue Eosinopenia in the jejunal Villi of the Isolated Loop during Resorption of Histamine, Acetylcholine and Adrenaline
Authors: Räsanen Torw 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRäsänen,T. Tissue eosiriopenin in the jejunal rilli of the isolaied loop during resorption of histamine. acelylcholine and ndrenaline. Acta physiol. scand. 1963.65. 352–356. — Isotonic sodium chloride, isotonic potassium chloride. acetylcholine. histamine. adrenaline and dexamethasone were injected into the loop of the rat jejunum isolated with 2 ligatures. The circulation of the loop was intact. After an hour, specimens were taken from the isolated and intact jejunum for the count of tissue eosinophilic leucocytes and of the mucosal mast cells. Sodium and potassium chloride and dexamethasone did not cause any changes in the superficial tissue eosinophils of the lamina propria at the tip of the villi or in the basal tissue eosinophils of the lamina propria Superficial tissue eosinophilia decreased during the action of acctylcholine (P < 0.05) and histamine (P ‐<0.02). less markedly during the adrenaline effect. Basal tissue eosinophils inrreased in the free intestinal loop during the influence of rhe last‐mentioned arnine (P < 0.01). No changes occurred in the mucosal mast cell counts. It is suggested that eosinophilic leucocytes participate in the detoxication process with their perosidase enzyme stores and are destroyed.
Hydrogen Ion Concentration in the Gastric Juice after Pylorus Ligation in Dexamethasone‐Treated Rat
Authors: Haikonen Matti , Fäsänen Toimi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHaikonen. hf. and T. Räsänen. Hjdmgen ion concentration in the gstiic juice after pylurus ligation in dexamethason‐treated rot. Acta physiol. scand. 1963. 65. 378–382. — Rats were injected with dexaniethasone 3 × 1 mg at 12‐hr intervals before ligation of the pylorus. The hydrogen ion concentration of the gastric secreta. the volume of secretion and the amount of free HCI were measured 2 hrs after tying the ligature. The administration of dexaniethasone for 2 days before ligation of the pylorus inhibited gastric secretion during the ligation and elevated the pH of the secreta. No free HCl was demonstrated in it. Secretion was restored by histamine injected into the rats in connection with the application of the ligature. A single dose of dexamethasone 2 hrs before the application of the ligature caused elevation of gastric secretion.It is suggested that the degranulation of the mast cells of the gastric Iiiucosa during dexamethasone therapy leads to inhibition of gastric secretion with the mucosa losing the histamine needed for its stimulation. This loss may he compensated by exogenous histamine. On the other hand. the histamine‐liberating property of dexamethasone enhances secretion when the de‐granulation of the mast cdls begins.
The Alveolar‐Arterial Oxygen Difference: Its Size and Components in Normal Man
Authors: Mellemgaard Kresten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference and physiological dead space was measured in 80 normal subjects in resting conditions. A significant rise in both parameters with rising age was demonstrated. The composition of the alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference was studied by two independent methods of shunt measurement: Determination of alveolar‐arterial oxygen tension difference during oxygen breathing was used for measurement of the total venoarterial shunt, whereas analysis of the concentration of tritium (hydrogen) in arterial blood after intravenous injection of this gas in physical solution was employed as a measure of right‐to‐left shunt. It is concluded, that of the normal alveolar‐arterial oxygen difference only a small fraction is caused by right‐to‐left “anatomical” shunt in the lungs and less than half is caused by bronchial and thebesian vein drainage to the left side of the heart. The remaining part, which increases with age, must be due to inequalities in the distribution of ventilation/perfusion ratio in the lungs.
Intestinal Dipeptidases. IV. Studies on the Release and Subcellular Distribution of Intestinal Dipeptidases of the Mucosa Cells of the Pig
Authors: Josefsson Lars , Sjöström Hans 
Published: December 2008

AbstractDipeptidases are released very quickly (10–20 sec) from the mucosa cells of the pig small intestine when mucosa scrapings are placed into aqueous solution. The release is somewhat slower from intact pieces of the intestine but the enzymes are obtained in equal yields. Much higher values of specific activity are obtained this way than when the mucosa cells are homogenized. Distribution of the dipeptidases in the subcellular fractions of the mucosa cells has been determined. The activities are located in the supernatant fraction. No conclusion can be made about the intracellular location of the enzymes because of their rapid release into the solvent. The physiological interpretation of these findings is discussed.
The Loss of Certain Cellular Components from Human Erythrocytes during Hypotonic Hemolysis in the Presence of Dextran
Authors: Hjelm Magnus , ÖStling S. Goran , Persson A. Erik G. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe escape of certain cellular components (catalase, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, adenosine‐triphosphate, glutathione) was studied in human red cells suspended in a hemolytic hypotonic salt solution containing dextran. There was in inverse relationship between size of a component and the relative amount of it escaping from the cell.
Dextran‐Induced Release of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine from Rabbit Platelets
Authors: Westerholm Barbro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐releasing activity of certain dextran fractions on rabbit platelets was investigated. Dextrans with the following average molecular weights (&#x004d;̄w) were found to cause the release of 5‐HT: 42,000, 74,500, 141,000 (Dextran 150) and 267,000. No release was observed following the use of dextrans with average molecular weights of 22,700, 370,000 and 2,000,000. Release by Dextran 150 was found to require the presence of plasma and showed a distinct temperature optimum around 37°C. Heating the platelets to 47°C or the plasma to 56°C produced an irreversible inhibition of such release. Heparin, EDTA, and the enzyme blocking agents ninhydrin (NH2 group inhibitor) and allirin (SH‐group inhibitor) inhibited release. The results indicate that the release of 5‐HT from rabbit platelets induced by Dextran 150 involves the activation of enzymatic processes similar to those involved in the release induced by antigen and glycogen.
Functional Localization in the Cerebellar Cortex Studied by Quantitative Determinations of Purkinje Cell RNA: I. RNA changes in rat cerebellar Purkinje cells after proprio‐and exteroceptive and vestibular stimulation
Authors: Jarlstedt Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of proprioceptive and exteroceptive stimulation and of vestibular stimulation on cerebellar Purkinje cell RNA content and composition were studied in male albino rats. After stimulation involving extero‐and proprioceptors a significant increase of RNA was found in the vermian part of the lobulus centralis, the pyramis, the copula pyramidis and the parafloculus. No such increase was found in the lateral parts of the lobulus centralis, lateral parts of the culmen, the simplex, crus I or in the nodulus. After vestibular stimulation an increase of RNA content occurred in the lobulus centralis and the nodulus but not in the pyramis, the copula pyramidis or in the paraflocculus. A significant decrease of the purine/pyrimidine quotient was found in the vermian part of the lobulus centralis and in the nodulus of rats receiving vestibular stimulation. A comparison between the neuroanatomical and electrophysiological findings in this field has been presented. The conclusions are drawn that Purkinje cells increase their RNA content upon stimulation and that this condition may be used for studies of functional localization in the cerebellum.
Studies on the Transport and Life‐Span of Amine Storage Granules in a Peripheral Adrenergic Neuron System1
Authors: Dahlström Annica , Häggendal Jan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe accumulation of noradrenaline (NA) above a ligation of the rat and cat sciatic nerve and the NA content of the adrenergic fibre system derived from this nerve were estimated. From the data obtained the rate of transport of amine storage granules and their life‐span were calculated. For the rat the rate of transport was found to be 5–6 mm per hr and the life‐span to be about 35 days. The corresponding values for the cat was 9–10 mm per hour and about 70 days, respectively.
Changes in Rat Pineal Stores of 5‐Hydroxytryptamine after Inhibition of its Synthesis or Break‐Down
Authors: Falgk B. , Owman Ch. , Rosengren E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe formation and break‐down of 5‐HT in the rat pineal gland during daylight conditions has been investigated with a combination of fluorescence microscopic and fluorimetric methods. 5‐HT occurs in large and equal amounts in the pinealocytes and in the intrapineal sympathetic nerve fibres. Inhibition of 5‐HT synthesis either at the hydroxylation or at the decarboxylation step causes parenchymal 5‐HT to disappear within one to two hours, while little change is found in the nervous indole level. This indicates a turn‐over rate for 5‐HT in the pinealocytes considerably higher than in the intrapineal nerves. An intact sympathetic innervation of the pinealocytes is not essential for the 5‐HT turn‐over. Although monoamine oxidase is active in the degradation of pineal 5‐HT, inhibition of the enzyme does not increase pineal 5‐HT levels overtly, nor does it interfere with the turnover rate in the pinealocytes. Various explanations for this are offered.
Uptake of Metaraminol by the Adrenal Medullary Granules
Authors: Lundborg Per 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMetaraminol is taken up by the adrenal medullary granules in vitro by displacing the endogenous catecholamines from their storage sites. This uptake is not blocked by reserpine. Metaraminol inhibits the ATP‐Mg++ ‐dependent uptake of adrenaline but does not utilize this mechanism for uptake. There thus seem to exist two uptake mechanisms in the amine granules, i.e. one ATP‐ Mg++‐dependent mechanism sensitive to reserpine, and the other acting by displacement of endogenous amines. Dopamine is capable of utilizing both, and metaraminol only the latter mechanism.
A Versatile Device for Microscopic Spectrofluorometry
Authors: Thieme Georg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo facilitate a close study of nerve varicosities, cell fractions etc. by means of histochemical fluorescence techniques, an inexpensive microspectrofluorometer has been constructed. A fluorescence microscope with a strong light source is combined with a sensitive photometer and two motor‐driven grating monochromators. The equipment allows recording of excitation, emission and absorption spectra from areas about 1 μ in diameter.
Surface Properties of Lung Extracts
Authors: Adams Forrest H. , Enhörning Göran 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe importance of surface properties in the layer lining the alveoli is now well established. For measuring these properties a dynamic model of the alveolus has been constructed. It has the following advantages over previous techniques used to study the surface tension of biological fluids including lung extracts:

It more closely simulates the physiologic changes in rate and area that occur in the lungs during respiration.
Only a small volume of fluid (0.2 ml) is required.
The surface tension can be determined in 30 min or less.

It is suggested that the Viscoelastic properties of the alveolar surface film may be important as well as the surface tension in determining the response to compression and expansion.
Body Protein and Fat, Blood Glucose and Free Fatty Acids in Various Strains of Mice
Authors: Larsson Stig 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCarcass composition was determined in the NMRI, CBA, Swisse and DBA strains, and in NMRI X Swisse made obese by injection of goldthioglucose. Fasting for 24 hrs resulted in different degrees of weight loss depending on the strain. At the same time analysis of carcass composition revealed strain differences with regard to protein and fat. The changes of glucose and FFA in plasma after 24 hrs without food also varied among the strains.
Cardiovascular Effects of Acute and Chronic Stimulations of the Hypothalamic Defence Area in the Rat
Authors: Folkow B. , Rubinstein E. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn experiments on rats long‐term intermittent stimulations of the hypothalamic defence area have been performed after that the characteristic responses to such stimulations had been explored in acute experiments. Weak topical stimulations of the defence area in rats induced an alerting response which was regularly accompanied by blood pressure and heart rate increases, increased muscle blood flow and decreased renal and gastrointestinal blood flows. When such weak intermittent stimulations of the hypothalamic defence area were continued for 12 hours daily during about four months the ‘resting’ blood pressure of a stimulated group of rats gradually rose, to become significantly different from that of a control group, which had been identically treated in all respects with exception of the intermittent hypothalamic stimulations. On the basis of these results it is discussed whether episodes of mental stress, which are often repeated during prolonged periods of time and which normally seem to excite the hypothalamic defence area, may act as an efficient “trigger” mechanism for gradually inducing a stage of chronic hypertension.
Some Properties of the Thalamic Relay Cells in the Spino‐Cervico‐Lemniscal Path
Authors: Andersen P. , Andersson S. A. , Landgren S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCells in nucleus ventralis posterolateralis thalami, lateral to the relay cells of the hindlimb component of the dorsal column pathway, have been studied with extra‐and intracellular recordings in cats anaesthetized with pentobarbital sodium. The cells in this part of thalamus are characterized by a considerable convergence, many cells being excited from the hindlimb component of the spinocervico‐lemniscal (SCLT) and the dorsal column (DC) pathways as well as from forelimb nerves. The synaptic action of an afferent volley was strong, and large unitary EPSPs were frequently observed, particularly when the SCLT was stimulated. Many of the cells were relay cells and could be antidromically invaded from the ipsilateral cortical areas S I and S II. A number of cells were antidromically invaded from both S I and S II, indicating that these cells project to cortex with a divided axon. Many cells showed an inhibition of the recurrent type.
Effect of Cholecystokinin on Small Intestine
Authors: Hedner Pavo , Person Henry , Rorsman Gunne 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of highly purified cholecystokinin on gall‐bladder and intestine was investigated in vivo and in vitro. The following results were obtained: The contraction of small intestine elicited b! cholecystokinin preparations is due to the hormone itself and not to impurities in the preparations; this intestinal effect of cholecystokinin is mediated by another mechanism of action than the effect of the hormone on the gall‐bladder; cholecystokinin in low concentrations seems to have a specific effect on the proximal part of the intestine. It is possible that the hormone may play a role in the regulation of intestinal motility.
Isolation of a Mast Cell Degranulating Polypeptide from Ascaris suis
Authors: Uvnäs B. , Wold J. K. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAscaris suis was extracted with 60% ethanolin dilute formic acid after previous removal of fat with organic solvents. After dialysis, the extract was further purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, treatment with Amberlite IRC‐50 (XE‐64), chromatography on CM‐ cellulose and gel filtration on Sephadex G‐25. The purified product with a molecular weight probably within the range 2000–3000, had basic character with an isoelectric point ca 12.3 in 0.05 M borate buffer. It behaved as a nearly homogeneous compound on paper electrophoresis and on gel filtration. Nitrogen content: 16.7%. Fifteen amino acids were identified by paper chromatography after acid hydrolysis: alanine, arginine, cystine, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine. The purified product was degradrd and inactivated by the proteolytic enzymes papain, pronase, trypsin, α‐chymotrypsin and partially by pepsin. The polypeptide caused degranulation of rat mesentery mast cells, even such cells from germ free animals, indicating that the mast cell respome was the result of a direct action of the Ascaris principle on the mast cell and not due to an antigen antibody reaction.
Spread of Excitation in the Smooth Muscle of the Rat Portal Vein
Authors: Johansson Börje , Ljung Bengt 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe longitudinal musculature of the rat portal vein is characterized by spontancous, rhythmic contractions indicating effective intercellular conduction in this vascular smooth muscle. The present study was done in order to evaluate the relative importance of neurogenic and myogrnic mechanisms for the spread of excitation in an isolated preparation of this vessel. A local anesthetic agent, in concentrations which blocked impulse transmission in autonomic nerves, failed to interfere with conduction in the smooth muscle of the portal vein whereas hyperosmolarity. which is considered to preclude electro tonic spread of action potentials between muscle cells (Barr. Dewey and Rerger 1965), caused desynchronization of the contractile activity. It is concluded that conduction in this vascular smooth muscle is myogenic in nature. The fact that the portal vein, in contrast to most other vessels, is equipped with a “double plexus” of adrenergic nerve fibres (Fuxe. personal communication) does not seem to be important for coordination of its spontaneous contractions. The influence of the hyperosmotic environment on the electrical and mechanical activity of the portal vein is illustrated by experiments with a sucrose‐gap technique. The mode of action of hyperosmotic solutions is discussed.
The Effect of DOPA on the Spinal Cord 5. Reciprocal organization of pathways transmitting excitatory action to alpha motoneurones of flexors and extensors
Authors: Jankowska E. , Jukes M. G. M. , Lund S. , Lundberg A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn unanaesthetized spinal cats, injected with L‐DOPA, volleys in the flexor reflex afferents (FRA) evoke a long‐latency, longlasting discharge in ipsilateral flexor and contralateral extensor motoneurones. It is postulated that this discharge is transmitted by a neuronal pathway which is inhibited in the normal acute spinal cat, presumably from the pathway, which in this state transmits the shortlatency effect from the FRA to motoneurones. The organization of the pathway released by an injection of DOPA has been analyzed by recording the discharges in efferents to flexors and extensors and with intracellular records from motoneurones. Combined stimulation of ipsilateral and contralateral FRA reveals a reciprocal organization in that either flexor or extensor motoneurones are activated. Transmission from the ipsilateral FRA to flexor motoneurones can be inhibited by volleys in the contralateral FRA, and transmissiqn from the contralateral FRA to extensor motoneurones by volleys in the ipsilateral FRA. These inhibitory effects are neither produced postsynaptically in the motoneurones nor presynaptically by depolarization of primary afferents and are hence exerted at an interneuronal level. The organization of reciprocal innervation at an interneuronal level is discussed in relation to the primary afferent depolarization evoked in Ia afferent terminals after DOPA and to rhythmic alternating movements.