bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparative Analysis of Pdf-Mediated Circadian Behaviors BetweenDrosophila melanogasterandD. virilis
Authors: Bahn Jae Hoon , Lee Gyunghee , Park Jae H 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA group of small ventrolateral neurons (s-LNv's) are the principal pacemaker for circadian locomotor rhythmicity of Drosophila melanogaster, and the pigment-dispersing factor (Pdf) neuropeptide plays an essential role as a clock messenger within these neurons. In our comparative studies on Pdf-associated circadian rhythms, we found that daily locomotor activity patterns of D. virilis were significantly different from those of D. melanogaster. Activities of D. virilis adults were mainly restricted to the photophase under light:dark cycles and subsequently became arrhythmic or weakly rhythmic in constant conditions. Such activity patterns resemble those of Pdf01 mutant of D. melanogaster. Intriguingly, endogenous D. virilis Pdf (DvPdf) expression was not detected in the s-LNv-like neurons in the adult brains, implying that the Pdf01-like behavioral phenotypes of D. virilis are attributed in part to the lack of DvPdf in the s-LNv-like neurons. Heterologous transgenic analysis showed that cis-regulatory elements of the DvPdf transgene are capable of directing their expression in all endogenous Pdf neurons including s-LNv's, as well as in non-Pdf clock neurons (LNd's and fifth s-LNv) in a D. melanogaster host. Together these findings suggest a significant difference in the regulatory mechanisms of Pdf transcription between the two species and such a difference is causally associated with species-specific establishment of daily locomotor activity patterns.
Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography in the NICU: Frequent Artifacts in Premature Infants May Limit Its Utility as a Monitoring Device
Authors: Suk Debbie , Krauss Alfred N. , Engel Murray , Perlman Jeffrey M. 
Published: January 2009

BACKGROUND. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography has become an important tool for assessing cortical status noninvasively. Newer units have the additional feature of visualizing the raw electroencephalogram, which has resulted in the identification of frequent artifacts.OBJECTIVE. To highlight the problem of artifacts and to introduce caution when using the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography technique to assess cortical function in the premature population.METHODS. Ten premature infants were evaluated. Compressed amplitude-integrated electroencephalography recordings were made by using a pair of standard electroencephalogram electrodes attached to the scalp frontotemporal areas. Impedance was maintained at &lt;10 kΩ. Continuous amplitude-integrated electroencephalography recordings were performed for at least 60 minutes on several occasions in the first month. Artifacts were identified as follows: large amplitude difference between the wave peaks and troughs, a jagged appearance to wave peaks and troughs, and large deflections of the overall tracing in either a positive or negative direction from baseline.RESULTS. Forty-eight amplitude-integrated electroencephalography recordings were reviewed. Of 1683 total segments analyzed, 529 (31.4%) were categorized as normal brain waves, 1013 (60.2%) as artifacts, and 142 (8.4%) as indeterminate. Generally, when the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography tracing is of modest amplitude, normal brain waves predominated, whereas with upward spikes in amplitude the accompanying raw electroencephalogram was classified as artifact.CONCLUSIONS. Artifacts contribute substantially to the amplitude-integrated electroencephalography tracing, rendering it problematic as an assessment tool in premature infants. Artifacts may be influenced by muscle activity, electrode positioning, and application techniques. Caution is recommended when using amplitude-integrated electroencephalography as an assessment tool in this population.
Pollution load modelling in sewer systems: an approach of combining long term online sensor data with multi-objective auto-calibration schemes
Authors: Gamerith V. , Muschalla D. , Könemann P. , Gruber G. 
Published: January 2009

Pollutant load modelling for sewer systems is state-of-the-art, especially for the estimation of discharged pollutant loads and development of sewer management strategies. However, conventionally obtained calibration data sets are often not exhaustive and have significant drawbacks. In the Graz West catchment area (Graz, Austria), continuous high-resolution long-term online measurements for discharge and pollutant concentration have been carried out since 2002.
In this paper, the application of single- and multi-objective auto-calibration schemes based on evolution strategies for a deterministic hydrological pollutant load model will be discussed. Three approaches for pollutant load modelling are examined and compared: using a constant storm weather concentration and two surface accumulation–wash-off approaches with basic respectively extended wash-off equations. It is shown that the applied auto-calibration method leads to very satisfying results for both the calibration and the validation data set, and also for the dry and the storm weather runoff. Results from multi-objective calibration show better robustness in validation events than single-objective calibration. The build-up wash-off approach using the basic wash-off equation gives the best correlations between measured data and simulation results.
Hunting from motorboats displaces Wadden Sea eiders Somateria mollissima from their favoured feeding distribution
Authors: Laursen Karsten , Frikke John 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHunting of eiders Somateria mollissima from motorboats is common in Danish marine waters, and to reduce hunting pressure on eiders and other diving duck species in Denmark, motorboat hunting was banned within 42 marine sites covering an area of 2,934 km2, although the effects of this regulation have to date not been examined. Our case study analyses the effects of excluding motorboat hunting from an area of 682 km2 of the Danish Wadden Sea (hereafter the ‘Study Area’) which also supported a large area of blue mussel beds, the preferred food for eiders. Our study covered the entire Danish Wadden Sea (total area 1,225 km2) during the hunting seasons (October‐February) of 1980–2003 using 85 aerial surveys of eiders and motorboats used by hunters. Eider numbers increased by 56% in the Study Area following the ban on motorboat hunting despite a 50% reduction in the eider flyway population over the same period. There was a significant negative relationship between the density of hunter motorboats and that of eiders on a small geographical scale (1.8–2.5 km). Motorboat hunting in the Study Area also affected eider distribution at larger geographical scales (4–12 km), displacing eiders from the Study Area offshore from the Wadden Sea into the North Sea. Following the ban on motorboat hunting, most eiders occurred in the Study Area. Winter (21 December‐31 January) body condition of eiders was greater in the Study Area than the body condition of eiders in the Offshore Area during autumn (20 October‐20 December). Eider abundance relative to blue mussel biomass significantly increased after motorboat hunting was banned in the Study Area, but there was no such change during winter after the hunting ban. Since the ban on motorboat hunting in the Study Area, eider numbers throughout the entire Danish Wadden Sea seem to be regulated by total blue mussel biomass.
Spatial organisation and intra‐specific relationship of the raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides in Central Europe
Authors: Drygala Frank , Stier Norman , Zoller Hinrich , Mix Henry M. , Bögelsack Kathrin , Roth Mechthild 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDuring October 1999 ‐ October 2003, we monitored 26 adult raccoon dogs Nyctereutes procyonoides using radio‐telemetry in an area of Germany which has been occupied by this invasive alien species since the early 1990s. No adult animals dispersed from the area during the study period and home ranges tended to be used for several years, probably for life. The average annual home‐range size, calculated using 95% fixed kernel, was 382.2 ha±297.4 SD for females (N=30 seasonal home ranges) and 352.4 ha±313.3 for males (N=32 seasonal home ranges). Paired raccoon dogs had home ranges of similar size (P=0.203), with pairs sharing the same area all year round (P<0.001). Raccoon dogs occupied large core areas (85% kernel) covering 81.2% of their home ranges. The home ranges were at their smallest during the mating season. The slightly larger size of home ranges in winter suggests that, due to the temperate climate, raccoon dogs do not hibernate in Germany. Males and females formed a long‐term (probably lifelong) pair bond. Same‐sex neighbours ignored each other and even adjacent males/females showed neither preference nor avoidance. Thus, based on the results of home‐range overlap analysis and interaction estimations, it can be assumed that the raccoon dog in Central Europe is monogamous without exclusive territories.
Comparison of two sampling protocols and four home‐range estimators using radio‐tracking data from urban badgers Meles meles
Authors: Huck Maren , Davison John , Roper Timothy J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRadio‐telemetry is often the method of choice for studies of species whose behaviour is difficult to observe directly. However, considerable debate has ensued about the best way of deriving home‐range estimates. In recent years, kernel estimators have become the most widely used method, together with the oldest and simplest method, the minimum convex polygon (MCP). More recently, it has been suggested that the local convex hull (LCH) might be more appropriate than kernel methods in cases where an animal's home range includes a priori inaccessible areas. Yet another method, the Brownian bridge (BB), explicitly uses autocorrelated data to determine movement paths and, ultimately, home ranges or migration routes of animals. Whereas several studies have used simulation techniques to compare these different methods, few have used data from real animals. We used radio‐telemetric data from urban badgers Meles meles to compare two sampling protocols (10‐minute vs at least 30‐minute inter‐fix intervals) and four home‐range estimators (MCP, fixed kernels (FK), LCH and BB). We used a multi‐response permutation procedure and randomisation tests to compare overall patterns of fixes and degree of overlap of home ranges estimated using data from different sampling protocols, and a general linear model to compare the influence of sampling protocols and home‐range estimator on the size of habitat patches. The shape of the estimated home ranges was influenced by sampling protocol in some cases. By contrast, the sizes and proportions of different habitats within home ranges were influenced by estimator type but not by sampling protocol. LCH performed consistently better than FK, and is especially appropriate for patchy study areas containing frequent no‐go zones. However, we recommend using LCH in combination with other methods to estimate total range size, because LCH tended to produce smaller estimates than any other method. Results relating to BB are preliminary but suggest that this method is unsuitable for species in which range size is small compared to average travel speed.
Can ground counts reliably monitor ibex Capra ibex populations
Authors: Largo Emilie , Gaillard Jean‐Michel , Festa‐Bianchet Marco , Toïgo Carole , Bassano Bruno , Cortot Hervé , Farny Gilles , Lequette Benoît , Gauthier Dominique , Martinot Jean‐Pierre 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlthough ground counts are often used to monitor ungulate populations, several studies show that counts of ungulates have low precision and often underestimate population size. We assessed the reliability of ibex Capra ibex counts as performed in French national parks, by analysing up to 23 years of annual censuses of six ibex populations for which a subset of animals were individually marked. We compared the population growth rate obtained from census data (estimated by use of four different methods) with the growth rate calculated from a demographic model including parameters estimated from capture‐mark‐recapture methods. The correlations between count‐based estimates and growth rate obtained from demographic models were adequate to suggest that ground counts can monitor trends in population size of ibex, provided that the occasional undercounts are identified. Substantial undercounts in some years led to biologically impossible values of yearly population growth (λ>1.35) and, in the longest time series available, to marked autocorrelations in counts. Managers should replicate counts within the same year to check for underestimated counts. To reduce errors, population biologists analysing time series of ungulate counts should check the plausibility of annual growth rates estimated from two consecutive counts.
Evaluation of sexual function in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Fatemi Seyedeh Seddigeh , Taghavi Seyed Morteza 
Published: January 2009

Sexual health is an important, but often neglected, component of diabetes care. In contrast to erectile dysfunction among men with diabetes, female sexual dysfunction has not been well studied among diabetic women. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women with type 2 diabetes compared to that in an age-matched control group. In all, 50 married women with type 2 diabetes attending the outpatient endocrine clinic of Ghaem Hospital between April 2007 and March 2008 were selected. Fasting plasma glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin were measured and sexual function was assessed by questionnaire. Scores in each domain of sexual function were compared with those of 40 non-diabetic controls. Sexual function scores for the sexual drive, arousal, vaginal lubrication, orgasm and overall satisfaction domains were all lower in the diabetic women (p value < 0.05). Duration of diabetes and age correlated negatively with all domains of sexual function. There was no significant relationship between sexual function and body mass index (BMI), glycaemic control, education or employment status. Diabetes significantly impairs the sexual performance of diabetic women. Determinants of sexual function include age and duration of diabetes.
Jan van Riebeeck as Pioneering Explorer and Conservator of Natural Resources at the Cape of Good Hope (1652-62)
Authors: Pooley Simon 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The first decade of Dutch VOC occupation of South Africa's Cape of Good Hope has been ill served by environmental historians. An examination of the daily journals covering the first decade of settlement proves fruitful for historians interested in the origins of European exploration, exploitation and conservation of natural resources at the Cape. This settlement is moreover a unique example of seventeenth-century Dutch settlers establishing a cornucopia of food plants in the absence of indigenous agriculturalists, experimenting with species imported from the VOC's many bases. The difficulty of establishing what they may have learned from the indigenous peoples is addressed.
Population, Land Use and Environmental Impacts in Shucheng County, Anhui Province, China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties
Authors: Zuozhi Yan , Hongyi Gu , Yangben Dai , Xuande Wu , Dearing John A. , Weiguo Zhang , Lizhong Yu 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The paper considers the documented environmental history of Shucheng County, located in Anhui Province, eastern China, during the Ming and Qing dynasties. We take Shucheng County as a case study to reconstruct the variations of population and land use in the last 500 years, and to examine their influence on the environmental changes in this region. Data are compiled for population, land use, settlement, recorded climate hazards, and consequent disasters such as drought and flooding. The causative links between climate, human activities and environmental responses are not straightforward. At times, climate seems to have acted as a strong control on human activities, especially the timing of early agricultural expansion in the warm and wet late Ming period. But at other times human activities appear to have strongly modified environmental responses to climate. For example, while the overall incidence of flooding seems to be linked to periods of wetter climate the long term rising trend in the flood record on the Hangbu and Fengle rivers tracks the long term development of hydraulically engineered river systems, the expansion of paddy field agriculture and exploitation of the mountains.
Metal‐Ion Selectivity of Chemically Modified Uracil Pairs in DNA Duplexes
Authors: Okamoto Itaru , Iwamoto Kenji , Watanabe Yuko , Miyake Yoko , Ono Akira 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDoppelstrang‐DNA mit gepaarten 5‐Brom‐, 5‐Fluor‐ oder 5‐Cyanuracilgruppen bindet selektiv an Metallionen. Das Bindungsverhalten hängt vom pH‐Wert der Lösung ab (siehe Schema), weil die Aciditäten der modifizierten Uracilbasen durch die elektronenziehenden Wirkungen der Substituenten beeinflusst werden.magnified image
Metal Silylenes Generated by Double Silicon–Hydrogen Activation: Key Intermediates in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Schneider Nathanaëlle , Finger Markus , Haferkemper Christian , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Hofmann Peter , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWenig Aktivierungsenergie benötigt die Hydrosilylierung von Ketonen mit R2SiH2, an der Rhodiumsilylene beteiligt sind, die durch doppelte Si‐H‐Aktivierung am Metall entstehen. Eine DFT‐Studie der Reaktionsmechanismen passt zu den experimentellen Befunden, vor allem zur höheren Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von R2SiH2 gegenüber R3SiH und zum inversen kinetischen Isotopeneffekt.magnified image
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of Aldehydes by SN1‐Type Reaction of Alcohols
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Benfatti Fides , Zoli Luca 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFähige Alkohole: Die schwierige enantioselektive katalytische α‐Alkylierung von Aldehyden, eine lange gesuchte Umwandlung, wurde mithilfe von Alkoholen mit der Fähigkeit zur Stabilisierung von Carbokationen erreicht (siehe Schema, TFA=Trifluoressigsäure).magnified image
Reversible Storage of Lithium in a Rambutan‐Like Tin–Carbon Electrode
Authors: Deng Da , Lee Jim Yang 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFruity electrodes: A simple bottom‐up self‐assembly method was used to fabricate rambutan‐like tin–carbon (Sn@C) nanoarchitecture (see scheme, green Sn) to improve the reversible storage of lithium in tin. The mechanism of the growth of the pear‐like hairs is explored.magnified image
Proteomic Analysis of Plasma Membrane Vesicles
Authors: Bauer Brigitte , Davidson Max , Orwar Owe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simple and scalable method is presented for harvesting, purification, and on‐chip processing of mammalian plasma membrane vesicles (PMVs) optimized for downstream proteome analysis. After immobilization on a microfluidic flowcell of PMVs, the embedded membrane proteins are proteolytically digested, and the peptides harvested and analyzed by LC‐MS/MS. Over 93 % of the detected proteins are plasma‐membrane‐derived.magnified image
Mode of Action and Design Rules for Additives That Modulate Crystal Nucleation
Authors: Anwar Jamshed , Boateng Papa Kofi , Tamaki Reiko , Odedra Sheetal 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMolecular dynamics simulations reveal that the key factors that determine the ability of an additive to modulate crystal nucleation are the strength of its interaction with the solute, its disruptive ability (which may be based on steric, entropic, or energetic effects), and interfacial properties, along with its ability to serve as a template for nucleation (see snapshot of an emerging nucleus with a single‐particle additive: black spheres).magnified image
Metal Silylenes Generated by Double Silicon–Hydrogen Activation: Key Intermediates in the Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Ketones
Authors: Schneider Nathanaëlle , Finger Markus , Haferkemper Christian , Bellemin‐Laponnaz Stéphane , Hofmann Peter , Gade Lutz H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRhodium silylenes, which are generated by double Si–H activation at the metal, are involved in a low‐activation‐barrier mechanism of the hydrosilylation of ketones with R2SiH2. A DFT‐based study of reaction mechanisms accounts for the experimental observations, notably the rate enhancement for R2SiH2 over R3SiH and an inverse kinetic isotope effect.magnified image
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Alkylation of Aldehydes by SN1‐Type Reaction of Alcohols
Authors: Cozzi Pier Giorgio , Benfatti Fides , Zoli Luca 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWork‐alcoholic! The elusive enantioselective catalytic α‐alkylation of aldehydes, a widely sought transformation, was brought to execution by the use of alcohols capable of forming stabilized carbocations (see scheme, TFA=trifluoroacetic acid).magnified image
Plugging a Molecular Wire into Photosystem I: Reconstitution of the Photoelectric Conversion System on a Gold Electrode
Authors: Terasaki Nao , Yamamoto Noritaka , Hiraga Takashi , Yamanoi Yoshinori , Yonezawa Tetsu , Nishihara Hiroshi , Ohmori Tsutomu , Sakai Makoto , Fujii Masaaki , Tohri Akihiko , Iwai Masako , Inoue Yasunori , Yoneyama Satoshi , Minakata Makoto , Enami Isao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPlug and play: Photoinduced electron transfer occurs from photoexcited P700 in photosystem I (PSI) to a gold surface (see picture). A novel molecular connector system is used, in which an artificial molecular wire, which is assembled on the gold surface, was plugged into PSI by reconstitution. Analysis of the photoelectron transfer kinetics proved both the output of electrons from PSI and the effectiveness of the molecular wire.magnified image
Synthesis and molecular structures of 1‐chloro‐1‐silacyclopent‐2‐enes. Combination of 1,2‐hydroboration, 1,1‐organoboration and protodeborylation
Authors: Khan Ezzat , Kempe Rhett , Wrackmeyer Bernd 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe reaction of alkyn‐1‐yl(chloro)(methyl)vinyl‐ and alkyn‐1‐yl(chloro)(phenyl)‐vinylsilane with 9‐borabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane (9‐BBN) afforded selectively 1‐silacyclopent‐2‐ene derivatives containing a SiCl function, as a result of consecutive 1,2‐hydroboration and 1,1‐organoboration. Protodeborylation with acetic acid left the SiCl functions in various 1‐silacyclopent‐2‐enes untouched, whereas acetic acid in the presence of dipropylamine led to conversion of the SiCl into the SiOAc function. New starting materials and all products were characterized in solution by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 11B, 13C and 29Si NMR), and the molecular structures of two 1‐silacyclopent‐2‐ene derivatives were determined by X‐ray analysis. The gas phase geometries of 1‐silacyclopent‐2‐enes were optimized by DFT calculations [B3LYP/6‐311 + G(d,p) level of theory], found to be in reasonable agreement with the results of the crystal structure determination, and NMR parameters were calculated at the same level of theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.