bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
General practitioners’ treatment orientations towards low back pain: Influence on treatment behaviour and patient outcome
Authors: Sieben Judith M. , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. , Portegijs Piet J.M. , Warmenhoven Franca C. , Sint Ageeth G. , Dautzenberg Nadine , Romeijnders Arnold , Arntz Arnoud , Knottnerus J. André 
Published: June 2008

ABSTRACTBackground: In low back pain (LBP) treatment and research attention has shifted from a biomedical towards a biopsychosocial approach. Patients’ LBP beliefs and attitudes were found to predict long‐term outcome, and recently it has been suggested that the health care providers’ ideas about LBP are also important predictors of treatment behaviour and outcome.Aims: In the present study we examined whether (1) differences in General Practitioners’ (GP) LBP treatment orientation are associated with differences in actual treatment behaviour and (2) whether treatment orientation is related to LBP outcome in patients.Methods: Two hundred twenty two patients consulting their GP with a new episode of LBP were recruited and completed questionnaires on (among others) LBP outcome (graded chronic pain scale) at baseline, during 12 months of follow‐up and at the end of the study. Data on treatment were collected from the GPs. The GPs also completed a set of questionnaires on LBP treatment orientation. Associations between measures of treatment orientation, treatment recommendations, treatment behaviour and LBP outcome were analysed.Results: A biomedical treatment orientation was found to be associated with more concern about tissue damage and the effect of physical activity on pain and recovery in vignettes. No associations were found between treatment orientation measures, actual treatment behaviour and LBP outcome.Conclusions: Associations were not found as expected. Still these findings are relevant and may feed a clinically important debate on widely accepted assumptions about the role and influence of health care providers in changing patients’ pain behaviours.
Hundi/Hawala:The Problem of Definition
Authors: MARTIN MARINA 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn contemporary times,Hundihas collected countless labels; the international press has spurned innumerable villainous descriptions, the bulk of which have helped to perpetuate a dense fog of notoriety. The critical problem lies in definition. As there is an incomplete understanding of hundi's form and remit, there is also a rather limited understanding of why the system persists, set against the backdrop of modern banking. In many ways the problem of definition presented legal and financial authorities of the early and late twentieth century with core issues which remain unresolved and problematic for authorities in the twenty-first century. By drawing on archival and other historical material pertaining to the system's usage amongst Indian merchants, this paper attempts to tackle much of the confusion and many misconceptions surrounding hundi. The discussion explores the idea that hundi is more accurately described as an indigenous banking system endowed with a complex range of functions, but whose central purpose is trade.
Effectiveness of vaccinating household contacts in addition to chemoprophylaxis after a case of meningococcal disease: a systematic review
Authors: HOEK M. R. , CHRISTENSEN H. , HELLENBRAND W. , STEFANOFF P. , HOWITZ M. , STUART J. M. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYWe performed a systematic review to estimate the effectiveness of vaccination, in addition to chemoprophylaxis, in preventing meningococcal disease among household contacts. Medline, EMBASE, EMGM, and EUIBIS were used for data collection. Studies reporting on at least 100 primary cases and on subsequent cases in household settings with follow-up of more than 2 weeks after onset of disease in the primary case were reviewed. A meta-analysis was used to calculate the average attack rate in household contacts given chemoprophylaxis 14–365 days after onset of disease in the primary case. In total, 652 studies were identified, five studies and one unpublished report met the inclusion criteria. The weighted average attack rate was 1·1/1000 household contacts (95% CI 0·7–1·7). This review supports vaccination of household contacts in addition to chemoprophylaxis to reduce the risk of meningococcal disease among household contacts of a case caused by a vaccine-preventable serogroup.
Hospitalized community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly: an Australian case-cohort study
Authors: SKULL S. A. , ANDREWS R. M. , BYRNES G. B. , CAMPBELL D. A. , KELLY H. A. , BROWN G. V. , NOLAN T. M. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYThis study describes the epidemiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in elderly Australians for the first time. Using a case-cohort design, cases with CAP were in-patients aged ⩾65 years with ICD-10-AM codes J10-J18 admitted over 2 years to two tertiary hospitals. The cohort sample was randomly selected from all hospital discharges, frequency-matched to cases by month. Logistic regression was used to estimate risk ratios for factors predicting CAP or associated mortality. A total of 4772 in-patients were studied. There were 1952 cases with CAP that represented 4% of all elderly admissions: mean length of stay was 9·0 days and 30-day mortality was 18%. Excluding chest radiograph, 520/1864 (28%) cases had no investigations performed. The strongest predictors of CAP were previous pneumonia, history of other respiratory disease, and aspiration. Intensive-care-unit admission, renal disease and increasing age were the strongest predictors of mortality, while influenza vaccination conferred protection. Hospitalization with CAP in the elderly is common, frequently fatal and a considerable burden to the Australian community. Investigation isad hocand management empirical. Influenza vaccination is associated with reduced mortality. Patient characteristics can predict risk of CAP and subsequent mortality.
Estimation of the basic reproductive number (R0) for epidemic, highly pathogenic avian influenza subtype H5N1 spread
Authors: WARD M. P. , MAFTEI D. , APOSTU C. , SURU A. 
Published: June 2008

SUMMARYThree different methods were used for estimating the basic reproductive number (R0) from data on 110 outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) subtype H5N1 that occurred in village poultry in Romania, 12 May to 6 June 2006. We assumed a village-level infectious period of 7 days. The methods applied were GIS-based identification of nearest infectious neighbour (based on either Euclidean or road distance), the method of epidemic doubling time, and a susceptible–infectious (SI) modelling approach. In general, the estimated basic reproductive numbers were consistent: 2·14, 1·95, 2·68 and 2·21, respectively. Although the true basic reproductive number in this epidemic is unknown, results suggest that the use of a range of methods might be useful for characterizing epidemics of infectious diseases. Once the basic reproductive number has been estimated, better control strategies and targeted surveillance programmes can be designed.
Strong normalisation in two Pure Pattern Type Systems
Authors: WACK BENJAMIN , HOUTMANN CLÉMENT 
Published: June 2008

Pure Pattern Type Systems (P2TS) combine the frameworks and capabilities of rewriting and λ-calculus within a unified setting. Their type systems, which are adapted from Barendregt's λ-cube, are especially interesting from a logical point of view. Until now, strong normalisation, which is an essential property for logical soundness, has only been conjectured: in this paper, we give a positive answer for the simply-typed system and the dependently-typed system.The proof is based on a translation of terms and types fromP2TSinto the λ-calculus. First, we deal with untyped terms, ensuring that reductions are faithfully mimicked in the λ-calculus. For this, we rely on an original encoding of the pattern matching capability ofP2TSinto the System Fω.Then we show how to translate types: the expressive power of System Fω is needed in order to fully reproduce the original typing judgments ofP2TS. We prove that the encoding is correct with respect to reductions and typing, and we conclude with the strong normalisation of simply-typedP2TSterms. The strong normalisation with dependent types is in turn obtained by an intermediate translation into simply-typed terms.
iRho: an imperative rewriting calculus
Authors: LIQUORI LUIGI , SERPETTE BERNARD PAUL 
Published: June 2008

We propose an imperative version of the Rewriting Calculus, a calculus based on pattern matching, pattern abstraction and side effects, which we call iRho.We formulate both a static and big-stepcall-by-valueoperational semantics of iRho. The operational semantics is deterministic, and immediately suggests how an interpreter for the calculus may be built. The static semantics is given using a first-order type system based on a form of product types, which can be assigned to term-like structures (that is, records).The calculus isà laChurch, that is, pattern abstractions are decorated with the types of the free variables of the pattern.iRho is a good candidate for the core of a pattern-matching imperative language, where a (monomorphic) typed store can be safely manipulated and where fixed points are built into the language itself.Properties such as determinism of the interpreter and subject-reduction have been completely checked using a machine-assisted approach with theCoqproof assistant. Progress and decidability of type checking are proved using pen and paper.
Computation with classical sequents
Authors: VAN BAKEL STEFFEN , LESCANNE PIERRE 
Published: June 2008

$\X$is an untyped continuation-style formal language with a typed subset that provides a Curry–Howard isomorphism for a sequent calculus for implicative classical logic.$\X$can also be viewed as a language for describing nets by composition of basic components connected by wires. These features make${\X}$an expressive platform on which many different (applicative) programming paradigms can be mapped. In this paper we will present the syntax and reduction rules for$\X$; in order to demonstrate its expressive power, we will show how elaborate calculi can be embedded, such as the λ-calculus, Bloo and Rose's calculus of explicit substitutions λx, Parigot's λμ and Curien and Herbelin's$\lmmt$.${\X}$was first presented in Lengrand (2003), where it was called the λξ-calculus. It can be seen as the pure untyped computational content of the reduction system for the implicative classical sequent calculus of Urban (2000).
Outcomes of pregnancy in women with tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Pedersen Lia M. , Pedersen Thais A. L. , Ravn Hanne B. , Hjortdal Vibeke E. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundSurgical results after repair of tetralogy of Fallot have remained excellent for the last decades, with current long-term rates of survival over 95%. Since functional capacity, quality of life, and social interactions are basically normal in this large group of patients, pregnancy obviously becomes a relevant issue for the female subgroup. In consequence, adequate obstetrical and cardiological management of pregnancy is particularly important.ObjectiveTo describe the outcomes of pregnancy, and fertility, in a series of women who underwent surgery for tetralogy of Fallot in a single centre.Methods and resultsWe obtained data from hospital records, national registries, and questionnaires on 78 women who underwent surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot between 1972 and 1992. Of 58 women who reached an age of at least 18 years, with 45 of this cohort currently surviving, 13 having died as adults, there were 54 pregnancies in 25 women. The recorded rate of spontaneous abortion was 15%, and infertility rate was 3.4%. There have been 41 life births, with a median weight at birth of 3.2 kg. Only 1 newborn was small for gestational age, and no one was born before the 36th week. The recurrence rate of congenital heart disease was high, at 9.8%. Cardiac complications during or after pregnancy were not observed, and only one woman had pre-eclampsia.ConclusionsPregnancy is well tolerated in women with tetralogy of Fallot, and an excellent neonatal outcome is expected. The recurrence risk of congenital cardiac disease, most often tetralogy of Fallot, is high.
Disturbances of coagulation in neonates with functionally univentricular physiology prior to the first stage of surgical reconstruction
Authors: Hakacova Nina , Laluhova-Striezencova Zuzana , Zahorec Martin 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBackgroundAltered levels of coagulation factors are reported in patients with functionally univentricular physiology before and following the second and third stages of reconstructive surgery. The aims of our study were to determine if such abnormalities are also present in newborns with this physiology prior to the first stage of surgical treatment.Patients and methodsWe studied 20 neonates with functionally univentricular physiology admitted to the Children’s Cardiac Centre in Slovakia, using 20 healthy neonates as age-matched controls. Demographic characteristics, and concentration of liver enzymes, serum albumin, and complete blood count, did not differ between the two groups. Concentrations of Factor II, V, VII, VIII, Protein C, Protein S and Antithrombin were compared between the groups, and assessed as variable factors for coagulation.ResultsIn those with functionally univentricular physiology, procoagulation Factor II (p < 0.001), VII (p < 0.001), VIII (p < 0.01), anticoagulation Protein C (p < 0.001), Protein S (p < 0.001) and Antitrombin III (p < 0.001) all were present in significantly lower values compared with findings in the control group. D-dimer (p < 0.0001) and Fibrin Degradation Products (p < 0.0001) were present at significantly higher levels, but the concentration of plasminogen was significantly lower (p < 0.0001). The activated partial thromboplastin time (p < 0.012), and the prothrombin time (p < 0.0001), was significantly prolonged in those with functionally univentricular physiology compared with their controls.ConclusionThe presence of abnormal coagulation factors, markers of thrombolysis in the plasma, and increased risk of bleeding, suggests activation of haemostasis, and consumption of factors responsible for coagulation, in those with functionally univentricular physiology. The question arises whether the reported abnormalities are predictive of the known abnormalities of coagulation occurring during the second and third stages of surgical repair for patients with functionally univentricular hearts.
Reducing the costs of surgical correction of congenitally malformed hearts in developing countries
Authors: Talwar Sachin , Kumar Choudhary Shiv , Airan Balram , Juneja Rajnish , Sunder Kothari Shyam , Saxena Anita , Sampath Kumar Arkalgud 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA large number of patients in developing countries require surgical correction of congenitally malformed hearts. Unfortunately, only a limited number of centres offer these patients surgery at an affordable cost. In this review, we discuss the problems in managing these patients, with an emphasis on reduction of costs, so that the maximum number of patients can benefit. It is apparent that containing costs requires a multipronged approach, which begins with timely referral, and continues with early surgical correction and adequate postoperative care carried out in a scientific manner. Indigenization, innovation, training of manpower, and building a team, are essential to cut the costs, and to improve the quality of care.
Family correlates of fruit and vegetable consumption in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: Pearson Natalie , Biddle Stuart JH , Gorely Trish 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo review associations between the family environment and young people’s fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignA systematic review. Published English-language (n60) papers were identified using electronic databases and manual searches of personal files and reference lists. Observational research reporting a measure of fruit/vegetable intake for children (aged 6–11 years) and/or adolescents (aged 12–18 years) and at least one potential family correlate of dietary intake was included.ResultsParental modelling and parental intake were consistently and positively associated with children’s fruit and fruit, juice and vegetable (FJV) consumption. There were also positive associations between home availability, family rules and parental encouragement and children’s fruit and vegetable consumption. Parental intake was positively associated with adolescents’ fruit and vegetable consumption. There were also positive associations between parental occupational status and adolescent fruit consumption and between parental education and adolescents’ FJV consumption.ConclusionsOur findings highlight the importance of targeting the family environment for the promotion of healthy eating behaviours among children and adolescents. Future interventions should encourage parents to be positive role models by targeting parental intake and to create a supportive home environment through increased encouragement and availability of fruits and vegetables and employing rules to govern eating behaviours. For adolescents, indicators of family circumstances (e.g. parental education) should be used to identify target groups for interventions aimed at promoting healthy eating.
Effectiveness of a community-based intervention to improve nutrition in young children in Senegal: a difference in difference analysis
Authors: Alderman Harold , Ndiaye Biram , Linnemayr Sebastian , Ka Abdoulaye , Rokx Claudia , Dieng Khadidiatou , Mulder-Sibanda Menno 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere are few studies of community growth promotion as a means of addressing malnutrition that are based on longitudinal analysis of large-scale programmes with adequate controls to construct a counterfactual. The current study uses a difference in difference comparison of cohorts to assess the impact on the proportion of underweight children who lived in villages receiving services provided by the Senegal Nutrition Enhancement Project between 2004 and 2006. The project, designed to extend nutrition and growth promotion intervention into rural areas through non-governmental organisation service providers, significantly lowered the risk of a child having a weight more than 2 sd below international norms. The odds ratio of being underweight for children in programme villages after introduction of the intervention was 0·83 (95% CI 0·686, 1·000), after controlling for regional trends and village and household characteristics. Most measured aspects of health care and health seeking behaviour improved in the treatment relative to the control.
1st INCF Workshop on Sustainability of Neuroscience Databases
Authors: Van Horn Jack , van Pelt Jaap 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe goal of the workshop was to discuss issues related to the sustainability of neuroscience databases, identify problems and propose solutions, and formulate recommendations to the INCF. The report summarizes the discussions of invited participants from the neuroinformatics community as well as from other disciplines where sustainability issues have already been approached. The recommendations for the INCF involve rating, ranking, and supporting database sustainability.
Sequence analysis of GerM and SpoVS, uncharacterized bacterial ‘sporulation’ proteins with widespread phylogenetic distribution
Authors: Rigden Daniel J. , Galperin Michael Y. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Sporulation in low-G+C gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes) is an important survival mechanism that involves up to 150 genes, acting in a highly regulated manner. Many sporulation genes have close homologs in non-sporulating bacteria, including cyanobacteria, proteobacteria and spirochaetes, indicating that their products play a wider biological role. Most of them have been characterized as regulatory proteins or enzymes of peptidoglycan turnover; functions of others remain unknown but they are likely to have a general role in cell division and/or development. We have compiled a list of such widely conserved sporulation and germination proteins with poorly characterized functions, ranked them by the width of their phylogenetic distribution, and performed detailed sequence analysis and, where possible, structural modeling aimed at estimating their potential functions. Here we report the results of sequence analysis of Bacillus subtilis spore germination protein GerM, suggesting that it is a widespread cell development protein, whose function might involve binding to peptidoglycan. GerM consists of two tandem copies of a new domain (designated the GERMN domain) that forms phylum-specific fusions with two other newly described domains, GERMN-associated domains 1 and 2 (GMAD1 and GMAD2). Fold recognition reveals a β-propeller fold for GMAD1, while ab initio modeling suggests that GMAD2 adopts a fibronectin type III fold. SpoVS is predicted to adopt the AlbA archaeal chromatin protein fold, which suggests that it is a DNA-binding protein, most likely a novel transcriptional regulator.
Contact: drigden@liverpool.ac.uk
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at ftp://ftp.ncbi.nih.gov/pub/galperin/Sporulation.html
Dispersal of Munida gregaria (Decapoda: Galatheidae) larvae in Patagonian channels of southern Chile
Authors: León Roxana , Castro Leonardo R. , Cáceres Mario 
Published: June 2008

AbstractLeón, R., Castro, L. R., and Cáceres, M. 2008. Dispersal of Munida gregaria (Decapoda: Galatheidae) larvae in Patagonian channels of southern Chile. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1131–1143. The dispersal of Munida gregaria larvae in Chilean Patagonian channels was assessed in spring 2002 and 2003, and winter 2003. In winter 2003, zoea I was the most abundant stage in all channels and there were no larval stages older than zoea IV. In spring 2002 and 2003, there were six larval stages in all channels, and the greater abundance of older larvae suggested that reproduction takes place in winter and larval development in spring. Further, analysis of spatial distribution by stage revealed that early zoeae moved seawards. Generalized Additive Models analyses showed that most larval stages were temperature-dependent, and that the salinity range of the youngest zoea was wider than that of older larvae and post-larvae, coinciding with an ontogenetic distribution change from estuary to shelf. Residual flows determined with an acoustic Doppler current profiler revealed two layers of opposite flow: the shallowest layer moved seawards and the deeper layer onshore. The surface layer was wider in spring than in winter because of seasonal increase in fresh-water input. The dispersal pattern of M. gregaria consisted of an inner channel larval release in winter, followed by an along-channel larval drift and subsequent export to the shelf in spring. The mechanism by which juveniles return to the channels seemed to be associated with the onshore subsurface flow.
Buoyancy and vertical distribution of Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) eggs from different areas along the coast
Authors: Stenevik Erling Kåre , Sundby Svein , Agnalt Ann Lisbeth 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Stenevik, E. K., Sundby, S., and Agnalt, A. L. 2008. Buoyancy and vertical distribution of Norwegian coastal cod (Gadus morhua) eggs from different areas along the coast. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 1198–1202. There are significant genetic differences in coastal cod (Gadus morhua) along the Norwegian coast, and in order to maintain these differences, there must be mechanisms that ensure local retention of eggs and larvae in the spawning areas. The buoyancy of eggs from four different areas along the Norwegian coast was measured using a density gradient column, and the results from modelling experiments showed that in three of the groups (Tysfjord, Helgeland, and Øygarden), the buoyancy in combination with local hydrography would place the eggs in subsurface waters where retention is greater than in surface waters.