bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Insulin induces a positive relationship between the rates of ATP and glycogen changes in isolated rat liver in presence of glucose; a 31P and 13C NMR study
Authors: Baillet-Blanco Laurence , Beauvieux Marie-Christine , Gin Henri , Rigalleau Vincent , Gallis Jean-Louis 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
There is an emerging theory suggesting that insulin, which is known to be the predominant postprandial anabolic hormone, is also a major regulator of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human skeletal muscle. However, little is known about its effects in the liver. Since there is a theoretical relationship between glycogen metabolism and energy status, a simultaneous and continuous investigation of hepatic ATP and glycogen content was performed in intact and isolated perfused liver by 31P and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) The hepatic rates of ATP and glycogen changes were evaluated with different concentrations of insulin and glucose during continuous and short-term supply.

Results
Liver from rats fed ad libitum were perfused with Krebs-Henseleit Buffer (KHB)(controls) or KHB containing 6 mM glucose, 30 mM glucose, insulin alone, insulin + 6 mM glucose, insulin + 30 mM glucose. In the control, glycogenolysis occurred at a rate of -0.53 ± 0.021 %·min-1 and ATP content decreased at a rate of -0.28 ± 0.029 %·min-1. In the absence of insulin, there was a close proportional relationship between the glycogen flux and the glucose concentration, whereas ATP rates never varied. With insulin + glucose, both glycogen and ATP rates were strongly related to the glucose concentration; the magnitude of net glycogen flux was linearly correlated to the magnitude of net ATP flux: fluxglycogen = 72.543(fluxATP) + 172.08, R2 = 0.98.

Conclusion
Only the co-infusion of 30 mM glucose and insulin led to (i) a net glycogen synthesis, (ii) the maintenance of the hepatic ATP content, and a strong positive correlation between their net fluxes. This has never previously been reported. The specific effect of insulin on ATP change is likely related to a rapid stimulation of the hepatic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. We propose that variations in the correlation between rates of ATP and glycogen changes could be a probe for insulin resistance due to the action of substrates, drugs or pathologic situations. Consequently, any work evaluating insulin resistance on isolated organs or in vivo should determine both ATP and glycogen fluxes.
Tamoxifen may prevent both ER+ and ER- breast cancers and select for ER- carcinogenesis: an alternative hypothesis
Authors: Esserman Laura J , Ozanne Elissa M , Dowsett Mitch , Slingerland Joyce M 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Introduction
Breast Cancer Prevention Trial (BCPT) and Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene (MORE) data have been interpreted to indicate that tamoxifen reduces the risk of ER+ but not ER- breast carcinogenesis. We explored whether these data also support an alternative hypothesis, that tamoxifen influences the natural history of both ER+ and ER- cancers, that it may be equally effective in abrogating or delaying ER- and ER+ carcinogenesis, and place selection pressure, in some cases, for the outgrowth of ER- cancers.

Methods
BCPT and MORE data were used to investigate whether: first, tamoxifen could reduce equally the emergence of ER- and ER+ tumors; and second, tamoxifen could select a fraction of emerging ER+ cancers and promote their transformation to ER- cancers. Assuming that some proportion, Z, of ER+ tumors becomes ER- after tamoxifen exposure and that the risk reduction for both ER- and ER+ tumors is equal, we solved for both the transformation rate and the risk reduction rate.

Results
If tamoxifen equally reduces the incidence of ER+ and ER- tumors by 60%, the BCPT results are achieved with a transformation of approximately Z = 20% of ER+ to ER- tumors. Validation with MORE data using an equal risk reduction of 60% associated with tamoxifen produces an almost identical transformation rate Z of 23%.

Conclusion
Data support an alternative hypothesis that tamoxifen may promote ER- carcinogenesis from a precursor lesion that would otherwise have developed as ER+ without tamoxifen selection.
Farnesyl-transferase inhibitor R115,777 enhances tamoxifen inhibition of MCF-7 cell growth through estrogen receptor dependent and independent pathways
Authors: Dalenc Florence , Giamarchi Claire , Petit Mélissa , Poirot Marc , Favre Gilles , Faye Jean-Charles 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Introduction
We have previously shown that FTI-277, a farnesyl transferase inhibitor (FTI), enhances the efficacy of tamoxifen (Tam) in inhibiting the proliferation of the estrogen dependent MCF-7 cell line. As the cellular response to Tam is the result of an inhibition of both estrogen receptor-dependent and -independent pathways, we have used the estrogen receptor selective anti-estrogen ICI182,780 and N-pyrrolidine(-phenylmethyl-phenoxy)-ethanamine-HCl (PBPE), a selective ligand of anti-estrogen binding site (AEBS), to dissect out the mechanism(s) associated with the observed additivity resulting from combination treatment with FTI-277 and Tam. Moreover, for these studies, FTI-277 has been replaced by R115,777, a FTI currently in phase III clinical trials.

Methods
The quantitative sulphorhodamine B (SRB) colorimetric assay was used to determine the growth inhibitory effect of agents on MCF-7 cells. Dose response interactions between R115,777-Tam, R115,777-ICI182,780 and R115,777-PBPE were evaluated, at the IC50 point, using the isobologram method. Apoptotic cell death (DNA fragmentation, nucleus condensation and cytokeratin 18 cleavage) and inhibition of the mevalonate pathway (western blot) were also determined.

Results
Combinations of the specific FTI R115,777 with either ICI182,780 or PBPE exhibit a synergistic effect on MCF-7 cell growth inhibition, while its combination with Tam is additive, as previously reported for FTI-277. Apoptosis is detected after treatment with combinations of R115,777 with either Tam or PBPE but not with ICI182,780, suggesting that each combination inhibits cell proliferation by different mechanisms. Even though the ER pathway has not yet been deciphered, it is shown here that the AEBS pathway is able to interfere with the mevalonate pathway at the level of protein farnesylation.

Conclusion
Overall, this work reveals that combinations of R115,777 with either selective ER ligands or a selective AEBS ligand are able to induce large increases in their anti-proliferative activities on MCF-7 cells. Moreover, these results suggest that it may be of definite interest to evaluate combinations of R115,777 with different anti-estrogens in the treatment of ER positive breast tumours. Based on these experimental data, such combinations may prove beneficial in different clinical scenarios or when used in specific sequences; studying the combination of R115,777 with ICI182,780 for early treatment and reserving combinations with either Tam or a selective AEBS ligand, such as BMS-217380-01, for more resistant disease.
The IgD-binding domain of the Moraxella IgD-binding protein MID (MID962-1200) activates human B cells in the presence of T cell cytokines
Authors: Nordström Therése , Jendholm Johan , Samuelsson Martin , Forsgren Arne , Riesbeck Kristian 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Moraxella catarrhalis immunoglobulin D (IgD)-binding protein (MID) is an outer membrane protein with specific affinity for soluble and cell-bound human IgD. Here, we demonstrate that mutated M. catarrhalis strains devoid of MID show a 75% decreased activation of human B cells as compared with wild-type bacteria. In contrast to MID-expressing Moraxella, the MID-deficient Moraxella mutants did not bind to human CD19+ IgD+ B cells. The smallest MID fragment with preserved IgD-binding capacity comprises 238 amino acids (MID962-1200). To prove the specificity of MID962-1200 for IgD, a Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell line expressing membrane-anchored human IgD was manufactured. MID962-1200 bound strongly to the recombinant IgD on CHO cells. Moreover, MID962-1200 stimulated peripheral blood lymphocyte (PBL) proliferation 5- and 15-fold at 0.1 and 1.0 μg/ml, respectively. This activation could be blocked completely by antibodies directed against the CD40 ligand (CD154). MID962-1200 also activated purified B cells in the presence of interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-4. An increased IL-6 production was seen after stimulation with MID962-1200, as revealed by a human cytokine protein array. MID962-1200 fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP) bound to human B cells and activated PBL to the same degree as MID962-1200. Taken together, MID is the only IgD-binding protein in Moraxella. Furthermore, the novel T cell-independent antigen MID962-1200 may, together with MID962-1200–GFP, be considered as promising reagents in the study of IgD-dependent B cell activation.
Shiga toxin 1-induced cytokine production is mediated by MAP kinase pathways and translation initiation factor eIF4E in the macrophage-like THP-1 cell line
Authors: Cherla Rama P , Lee Sang-Yun , Mees Pieter L , Tesh Vernon L 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Upon binding to the glycolipid receptor globotriaosylceramide, Shiga toxins (Stxs) undergo retrograde transport to reach ribosomes, cleave 28S rRNA, and inhibit protein synthesis. Stxs induce the ribotoxic stress response and cytokine and chemokine expression in some cell types. Signaling mechanisms necessary for cytokine expression in the face of toxin-mediated protein synthesis inhibition are not well characterized. Stxs may regulate cytokine expression via multiple mechanisms involving increased gene transcription, mRNA transcript stabilization, and/or increased translation initiation efficiency. We show that treatment of differentiated THP-1 cells with purified Stx1 resulted in prolonged activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades, and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) rapidly triggered transient activation of JNK and p38 and prolonged activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase cascades. Simultaneous treatment with Stx1 + LPS mediated prolonged p38 MAPK activation. Stx1 increased eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) activation by 4.3-fold within 4–6 h, and LPS or Stx1 + LPS treatment increased eIF4E activation by 7.8- and 11-fold, respectively, within 1 h. eIF4E activation required Stx1 enzymatic activity and was mediated by anisomycin, another ribotoxic stress inducer. A combination of MAPK inhibitors or a MAPK-interacting kinase 1 (Mnk1)-specific inhibitor blocked eIF4E activation by all stimulants. Mnk1 inhibition blocked the transient increase in total protein synthesis detected in Stx1-treated cells but failed to block long-term protein synthesis inhibition. The MAPK inhibitors or Mnk1 inhibitor blocked soluble interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 production or release by 73–96%. These data suggest that Stxs may regulate cytokine expression in part through activation of MAPK cascades, activation of Mnk1, and phosphorylation of eIF4E.
Phagocytosis stimulates mobilization and shedding of intracellular CD16A in human monocytes and macrophages: inhibition by HIV-1 infection
Authors: Webster Nicole L , Kedzierska Katherine , Azzam Rula , Paukovics Geza , Wilson John , Crowe Suzanne M , Jaworowski Anthony 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Surface and intracellular staining coupled with flow cytometric analysis was used to show for the first time that human macrophages and a minor subset of peripheral blood monocytes have an internal pool of CD16A, which is mobilized and shed during Fc receptor for immunoglobulin G-mediated phagocytosis. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection of monocyte-derived macrophages in vitro led to a reduction in the phagocytosis-induced up-regulation in CD16A shedding. These results suggest that monocytes and macrophages may be a source of soluble CD16A, which is elevated in the serum of patients in a variety of disease states and that the mobilization and shedding of CD16A in response to phagocytosis are disrupted by HIV-1 infection.
Regelung des mittleren arteriellen Blutdrucks im Rahmen einer kontrollierten Hypotension (Control of Mean Arterial Blood Pressure for Controlled Hypotension)
Authors: Nguyen Chi-Ngon , Simanski Olaf , Kähler Ralf , Schubert Agnes , Janda Matthias , Bajorat Jörn , Hofmockel Rainer , Lampe Bernhard P. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
In dem vorliegenden Beitrag wird neben einem selbsteinstellenden PID-Regler ein Fuzzy-Gain-Scheduling Verfahren für einen PID-Regler zur Regelung des mittleren arteriellen Blutdrucks vorgestellt. Die Regler wurden sowohl simulativ untersucht als auch im Tierversuch an anästhesierten Hausschweinen eingesetzt. Als Medikament zur Blutdrucksenkung fand Sodium-Nitroprussid (SNP, Natrium-Nitroprussid) Anwendung. Zum Updaten des Fuzzy-Gain-Schedulers wurde ein Supervisor-Algorithmus implementiert, sodass der PID-Regler gegebenenfalls aktiver auf die Körpergegenregulation reagieren kann. Für die Simulation der entworfenen Regler konnte ein auf Slates Arbeiten beruhendes Modell modifiziert werden. Simulationen und tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen vermittelten einen ersten positiven Eindruck über die Sicherheit und die Stabilität der Regelung.
Influence of Summer Stream Temperatures on Black Spot Infestation of Juvenile Coho Salmon in the Oregon Coast Range
Authors: Cairns Michael A. , Ebersole Joseph L. , Baker Joan P. , Wigington Parker J. , Lavigne Henry R. , Davis Sheila M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHigh summer water temperatures can adversely affect stream salmonids in numerous ways. The direct effects of temperature associated with increased metabolic demand can be exacerbated by other factors, including decreased resistance to disease and increased susceptibility to parasites. We quantified the occurrence of black spot infestation caused by a neascus‐type trematode (family Diplostomidae) of juvenile salmonids in Oregon's West Fork Smith River stream network during summer 2002 through fall 2003. The highest 7‐d average of the daily maximum (ADM) temperatures was positively correlated with infestation rates in both years. We summarized the frequency and infestation severity of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch by location within the network and summarized temperatures for 19 study reaches. Summer ADMs ranged from approximately 24°C near the watershed mouth to approximately 17°C in the upper reaches, while tributary ADMs ranged from approximately 16–18°C in the lower reaches to 12–17°C in the upper reaches. Temperatures were consistently higher in summer 2003 than in summer 2002. The presence of black spot infestation was more frequently noted in warm main‐stem reaches than in adjacent cooler tributary reaches, and infestation rates were generally higher in 2003 than in 2002 in the same reach. Movements of coho salmon juveniles within the stream network also appeared to influence observed infestation rates.
Relationships between Juvenile Winter Flounder and Multiple‐Scale Habitat Variation in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island
Authors: Meng Lesa , Cicchetti Giancarlo , Raciti Steve 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA rapid random sampling method was used to relate densities of juvenile winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus to multiple scales of habitat variation in Narragansett Bay and two nearby coastal lagoons in Rhode Island. We used a 1‐m beam trawl with attached video camera, continuous global positioning system track overlay, and continuous recording YSI sonde to sample 163 sites in June and July 2002 and 2003. The YSI sonde recorded temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, depth, turbidity, and chlorophyll a throughout the tow, while the video camera recorded other habitat characteristics. Habitat patterns at larger spatial scales were assessed with aerial imagery and charted depth data. We caught 25 species and 977 fish, almost twice as many fish being captured in 2002 (596) as in 2003 (381). Winter flounder was the most common species in both years, comprising 60.2% of the catch in 2002 and 33.6% of the catch in 2003. Total fish and winter flounder were three times more abundant in the coastal lagoons than in the bay. We used stepwise multiple regression to develop a general model (all variables, including those affecting catch efficiency) and a habitat model (only habitat variables) describing the relationship between habitat quality and juvenile winter flounder density. The results of the stepwise regression on the general model explained only about 25% of the variability in catch, but they suggested that winter flounder densities were higher at sites in coves and that densities increased with human population density, greater percentages of algal cover, and higher percentages of mud. Densities were negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen and chlorophyll a. In the habitat model (r2 = 0.16), densities were higher in coves, at sites with marsh or beach edges, and at sites with human disturbance. Similar to the general model, densities increased with algal cover and decreased with dissolved oxygen. At larger spatial scales, shorelines dominated by beaches and habitat diversity (as calculated by Simpson's diversity index) were positively correlated with higher juvenile winter flounder densities. Overall, the results suggested that juvenile winter flounder were most abundant in coves and upper estuaries. We conclude that these areas may provide beneficial nursery habitat for winter flounder despite apparent human disturbance.
Evaluation of a Lake Whitefish Bioenergetics Model
Authors: Madenjian Charles P. , O'Connor Daniel V. , Pothoven Steven A. , Schneeberger Philip J. , Rediske Richard R. , O'Keefe James P. , Bergstedt Roger A. , Argyle Ray L. , Brandt Stephen B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe evaluated the Wisconsin bioenergetics model for lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis in the laboratory and in the field. For the laboratory evaluation, lake whitefish were fed rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax in four laboratory tanks during a 133‐d experiment. Based on a comparison of bioenergetics model predictions of lake whitefish food consumption and growth with observed consumption and growth, we concluded that the bioenergetics model furnished significantly biased estimates of both food consumption and growth. On average, the model overestimated consumption by 61% and underestimated growth by 16%. The source of the bias was probably an overestimation of the respiration rate. We therefore adjusted the respiration component of the bioenergetics model to obtain a good fit of the model to the observed consumption and growth in our laboratory tanks. Based on the adjusted model, predictions of food consumption over the 133‐d period fell within 5% of observed consumption in three of the four tanks and within 9% of observed consumption in the remaining tank. We used polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) as a tracer to evaluate model performance in the field. Based on our laboratory experiment, the efficiency with which lake whitefish retained PCBs from their food (γ) was estimated at 0.45. We applied the bioenergetics model to Lake Michigan lake whitefish and then used PCB determinations of both lake whitefish and their prey from Lake Michigan to estimate γ in the field. Application of the original model to Lake Michigan lake whitefish yielded a field estimate of 0.28, implying that the original formulation of the model overestimated consumption in Lake Michigan by 61%. Application of the bioenergetics model with the adjusted respiration component resulted in a field γ estimate of 0.56, implying that this revised model underestimated consumption by 20%.
Severe COVID-19 in Vaccinated Adults With Hematologic Cancers in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Anand Sonia T. , Vo Austin D. , La Jennifer , Do Nhan V. , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Brophy Mary , Branch-Elliman Westyn , Monach Paul A. 
Published: February 2024

ImportanceWith SARS-CoV-2 transforming into an endemic disease and with antiviral treatments available, it is important to establish which patients remain at risk of severe COVID-19 despite vaccination.ObjectiveTo quantify the associations of clinical and demographic variables with odds of severe COVID-19 among patients with hematologic cancers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis case-control study included all patients with hematologic malignant neoplasms in the national Veterans Health Administration (VHA) who had documented SARS-CoV-2 infection after vaccination. Groups of patients with severe (cases) vs nonsevere (controls) COVID-19 were compared. Data were collected between January 1, 2020, and April 5, 2023, with data on infection collected between January 1, 2021, and September 30, 2022. All patients with diagnostic codes for hematologic malignant neoplasms who had documented vaccination followed by documented SARS-CoV-2 infection and for whom disease severity could be assessed were included. Data were analyzed from July 28 to December 30, 2023.ExposuresClinical (comorbidities, predominant viral variant, treatment for malignant neoplasm, booster vaccination, and antiviral treatment) and demographic (age and sex) variables shown in prior studies to be associated with higher or lower rates of severe COVID-19. Comorbidities included Alzheimer disease or dementia, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart failure, and peripheral vascular disease.Main Outcome and MeasuresThe main outcome was severe COVID-19 compared with nonsevere SARS-CoV-2 infection. Severe COVID-19 was defined as death within 28 days, mechanical ventilation, or hospitalization with use of dexamethasone or evidence of hypoxemia or use of supplemental oxygen. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the associations of demographic and clinical variables with the odds of severe COVID-19, expressed as adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% CIs.ResultsAmong 6122 patients (5844 [95.5%] male, mean [SD] age, 70.89 [11.57] years), 1301 (21.3%) had severe COVID-19. Age (aOR per 1-year increase, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.04-1.06), treatment with antineoplastic or immune-suppressive drugs (eg, in combination with glucocorticoids: aOR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.93-2.80), and comorbidities (aOR per comorbidity, 1.35; 95% CI, 1.29-1.43) were associated with higher odds of severe disease, whereas booster vaccination was associated with lower odds (aOR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.62-0.86). After oral antiviral drugs became widely used in March 2022, 20 of 538 patients (3.7%) with SARS-CoV-2 infection during this period had progression to severe COVID-19.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this case-control study of patients with hematologic cancers, odds of severe COVID-19 remained high through mid-2022 despite vaccination, especially in patients requiring treatment.
Effects of internal versus external distinctive facial features on eyewitness identification
Authors: Carlson Curt A. , Pleasant William E. , Carlson Maria A. , Jones Alyssa R. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMany criminals have distinctive facial features such as tattoos, yet the potential impact on eyewitness memory has received little research attention. Does such a feature harm memory for the face at encoding, and can police do anything about this when constructing the lineup? Does it matter whether the feature is on the interior (e.g., tattoo on face) or exterior (e.g., tattoo on neck)? These are the kinds of questions that we investigated by randomly assigning a large nationwide sample of online participants to conditions within an experimental design in which we manipulated target exposure time, presence (and location) of a distinctive feature, and whether it is replicated or removed from lineup members. Results indicate that a distinctive feature harms memory for the face regardless of location, but replicating the feature in the lineup may attenuate this effect. Fortunately, high confidence was indicative of high accuracy regardless of our manipulations.