bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of two partial coherence interferometers for corneal pachymetry in high myopia and after LASIK
Authors: Ivarsen Anders , Ehlers Niels , Hjortdal Jesper 
Published: July 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  We aimed to compare the Haag‐Streit optical low‐coherence reflectometry (OLCR) pachymeter and the Zeiss Anterior Chamber Master (ACMaster) for measuring central corneal thickness (CCT) in high myopes and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia.Methods:  Central corneal thickness was measured in 55 eyes of 30 myopic subjects (spherical equivalent refraction of − 5.25 D to − 10.75 D, maximal astigmatism of − 2 D), and in 37 eyes of 21 patients 3 months after LASIK for myopia (preoperative spherical equivalent refraction of − 6.0 D to − 10.75 D, maximal astigmatism of − 2 D). All measurements were performed with the Haag‐Streit OLCR pachymeter and the Zeiss ACMaster, using group refractive indices of 1.376 and 1.3851, respectively. Thickness measurements were compared using paired t‐tests, Pearson’s correlation, linear regression and Bland−Altman plots.Results:  In myopic subjects, CCT measured 531 ± 28 μm and 533 ± 27 μm with the OLCR pachymeter and the ACMaster, respectively (p < 0.01); all measurements correlated closely (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). In LASIK‐treated eyes, CCT measured 472 ± 24 μm using the OLCR pachymeter and 475 ± 23 μm using the ACMaster (p < 0.01), again with close correlation between the two instruments (r = 0.99, p < 0.01).Conclusions:  Measurements of CCT in high myopes and after myopic LASIK were very similar with the Haag‐Streit OLCR pachymeter and the Zeiss ACMaster. Using the current group refractive indices, the observed difference between the two instruments of < 3 μm is of little clinical importance. Thus, it would seem safe to use the OLCR pachymeter and the ACMaster interchangeably for CCT measurements in myopia as well as after myopic LASIK.
Increased retinopathy occurrence in type 1 diabetes patients with increased serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct hydroimidazolone
Authors: Fosmark Dag S. , Berg Jens P. , Jensen Aase‐Brith , Sandvik Leiv , Agardh Elisabet , Agardh Carl‐David , Hanssen Kristian F. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  We aimed to investigate associations between serum levels of the advanced glycation endproduct methylglyoxal‐derived hydroimidazolone (MG‐H1) and retinopathy in a sample of patients with type 1 diabetes.Methods:  We conducted a cross‐sectional study in a Scandinavian ophthalmology outpatient clinic on 61 randomly selected patients with type 1 diabetes. Blood samples and retinal photographs were taken at the same visit. Serum levels of hydroimidazolone immunoreactivity were determined using an immunoassay, and levels of retinopathy were determined from seven standard field stereo photographs of each eye according to the ETDRS method. Results were compared between patients with and without retinopathy.Results:  Hydroimidazolone quartiles were significantly associated with retinopathy (p = 0.013). The most profound increase in occurrence of retinopathy was observed from the lowest to the second‐lowest hydroimidazolone quartile. Adjusted for duration of diabetes using logistic regression, a significant difference in the presence of retinopathy was found when comparing the lowest quartile with the rest (p = 0.022).Conclusions:  In our patients with type 1 diabetes, serum levels of hydroimidazolone were found to be associated with retinopathy. This is in keeping with findings in a larger sample of patients with type 2 diabetes.
Treatment of idiopathic sclerosing inflammation of the orbit (myositis) with infliximab
Authors: Sahlin Sven , Lignell Börje , Williams Maria , Dastmalchi Maryam , Orrego Abiel 
Published: July 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  We report the successful use of infliximab in a young patient with idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation (myositis).Methods:  We describe the patient’s medical records and review the literature.Results:  Idiopathic myositis in this patient could not be satisfactorily treated with corticosteroids or chemotherapy. Biopsy showed sclerosing orbital inflammation. The patient had a prompt and sustained response with infliximab and methotrexate treatment.Conclusions:  Infliximab and methotrexate might be considered in patients with idiopathic sclerosing orbital inflammation (myositis).
Serological Survey for Antibodies toLeptospirain Dogs and Raccoons in Washington State
Authors: Davis M. A. , Evermann J. F. , Petersen C. R. , VanderSchalie J. , Besser T. E. , Huckabee J. , Daniels J. B. , Hancock D. D. , Leslie M. , Baer R. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryA high number of reported canine leptospirosis cases occurred in Washington State from 2004 to 2006. This prompted a serosurvey of healthy dogs from around the state to determine the distribution of exposure risk and to provide insight into serovar epidemiology in the region. In addition, a convenience sample of sera from injured raccoons was also tested, and clinical serological data from the Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory were examined. The proportion of dogs with an antibody titre (≥1 : 100) to any serovar was 27/158 (17.1%, 95% CI 11.6–23.9), and that proportion among raccoons was 22/115 (19.1%, 95% CI 12.4–27.5) suggesting that the potential for exposure in Washington state is not uncommon. The most frequently detected serovars in healthy dogs were Autumnalis, Icterohemorrhagiae and Canicola, in clinical canine samples Autumnalis, Bratislava and Pomona were more frequent and in sick or injured raccoons Autumnalis, and Pomona were most frequently detected. Clinical canine serology demonstrated a late summer‐fall seasonality that was consistent with other reports. An outbreak of canine leptospirosis occurred during 2004–2006 and was located primarily in western Washington counties, as were three reported human cases in 2005. Canine leptospirosis surveillance is an important tool for detecting human risk of exposure and may provide insights into which serovars are currently of clinical importance.
Discussion of the Compendium of Veterinary Standard Precautions: Preventing Zoonotic Disease Transmission in Veterinary Personnel
Authors: Elchos B. , Scheftel J. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryVeterinary practices are unique environments that bring humans into close contact with many different species of animals; therefore, the risk of exposure to infectious pathogens is inherently different in veterinary medicine than in human medicine. In contrast to the risk of exposure to blood in human medicine, infections from zoonotic diseases in veterinary personnel are primarily related to exposure to animal faeces, infected skin, wounds, droplets and puncture wounds. Infection‐control measures in veterinary practices are often insufficient to prevent zoonotic disease transmission. The Veterinary Standard Precautions (VSP) Compendium is designed to help prevent transmission of zoonotic pathogens from animal patients to veterinary personnel in private practice.
The Occurrence and Anti‐microbial Susceptibility of Salmonellae Isolated from Commercially Available Pig Ear Pet Treats
Authors: Finley R. , Reid‐Smith R. , Ribble C. , Popa M. , Vandermeer M. , Aramini J. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryIn Canada, there have been reported outbreaks of human salmonellosis related to exposure to animal‐derived pet treats, involving pig ear treats, beef steak patty dog treats and pet treats of seafood origin. As a follow‐up to recommendations made to the pig ear treat industry in 1999, a total of 245 pig ear treats were purchased in two Canadian cities to provide evidence of adoption of the recommendations and to determine the current levels of Salmonella contamination of pig ear treats available at pet stores. An overall prevalence of 4% was observed, with isolates exhibiting resistance to up to seven anti‐microbials. Serotypes recovered included S. Bovismorbificans, S. Give, S. Derby and S. Typhimurium var. Copenhagen. Although the prevalence observed during this study is lower than the prevalence observed in 1999, pig ear treats should still be considered as a possible source of Salmonella and anti‐microbial resistant bacteria to humans and dogs in Canada.
A Network Model of H5N1 Avian Influenza Transmission Dynamics in Domestic Cats
Authors: Ayyalasomayajula S. , DeLaurentis D. A. , Moore G. E. , Glickman L. T. 
Published: July 2008

SummaryNaturally occurring cases of influenza in cats owing to the H5N1 strain have been reported in several countries. A cat reservoir of H5N1 in the United States could provide an environment for zoonotic disease spread to humans. This scenario was the impetus to develop a model to study potential transmission of H5N1 virus in domestic cats utilizing information on cat ownership and cat–cat interaction patterns, in addition to biological properties of the virus. The roaming behaviour of cats significantly influenced epidemic dynamics, as demonstrated by the simulation results from this model. A better understanding of the behaviour of domestic cats and the H5N1 influenza virus can be used to predict epidemic dynamics following the introduction of H5N1 virus into the United States and to develop effective strategies to prevent virus transmission to both cats and humans.
Efficacy of splenectomy for hypersplenic patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Hirooka Masashi , Ishida Kiyotaka , Kisaka Yoshiyasu , Uehara Takahide , Watanabe Yuji , Hiasa Yoichi , Michitaka Kojiro , Onji Morikazu 
Published: July 2008

Aim:  Chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with hypersplenism is generally unsatisfactory, as a lower‐dose therapy is usually administered. Splenectomy may represent a better approach to overcoming the complication due to hypersplenism in patients with advanced HCC. This retrospective study was conducted to evaluate whether HCC patients who undergo splenectomy show improved prognosis.Methods:  We examined 34 HCC patients. Twenty‐two had thrombocytopenia and/or leucopenia and underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. The completion rate of full‐dose drug regimens, the response rate, the toxicity of chemotherapy and the cumulative survival rate were compared between the splenectomy and non‐splenectomy groups.Results:  The response rate and the cumulative survival rate in the splenectomy group were significantly better than that in the non‐splenectomy group.Conclusions:  Splenectomy is an efficient method for advanced HCC patients with hypersplenism treated by chemotherapy.
Supplement improves nutrition and stresses caused by examination‐associated fasting in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Kawaguchi Takumi , Taniguchi Eitaro , Itou Minoru , Mutou Michiko , Ibi Ryoko , Shiraishi Satomi , Okada Teruyo , Uchida Yuki , Otsuka Momoka , Tonan Tatsuyuki , Fujimoto Kiminori , Oriishi Tetsuharu , Tanaka Suiko , Takakura Machiko , Sata Michio 
Published: July 2008

Aim:  Cirrhotic patients tend to develop malnutrition by fasting, yet the importance of nutritional care during examination‐associated fasting has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine the effects of a nutritional supplement on nutrition and stresses caused by examination‐associated fasting in cirrhotic patients.Methods:  Twenty‐nine cirrhotic patients were enrolled in this study. No energy was supplied to patients in the fasting group (n = 11) prior to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examination. A supplement of 200 kcal was given to the patients in the supplement group (n = 18) prior to computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examination. The effect of the supplement on stresses was evaluated by self‐rating questionnaire. Changes in biochemical parameters were also investigated before and after computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging examinations.Results:  There were no significant differences in age, sex, body mass index, or liver function tests between the two groups at the start of the study. In the supplement group, stress scores for physical symptoms (thirst and light‐headedness) and mental symptoms (hunger, hypodynamia and fatigue) were significantly lower compared to those in the fasting group. Also in the supplement group, peripheral 3‐hydroxybutyric acid and free fatty acids levels were significantly decreased compared to those in the fasting group, to within normal ranges. In addition, a decrease in prothrombin time was significantly inhibited by intake of the supplement.Conclusion:  We demonstrated that a nutritional supplement improved nutrition and reduced both the physical and mental stresses associated with examination‐associated fasting in cirrhotic patients.
Transgenic overexpression of insulin receptor substrate 1 in hepatocytes enhances hepatocellular proliferation in young mice only
Authors: Mohr Leonhard , Banerjee Kakoli , Kleinschmidt Manuela , Bartolomé Rodríguez María Matilde , Wands Jack R. 
Published: July 2008

Aim:  The insulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) is a multisite docking protein which plays a central role in the signal transduction of growth factors such as insulin and insulin‐like growth factors (IGF‐1 and IGF‐2). It is found to be frequently overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods:  To study IRS‐1 overexpression in hepatocytes in vivo, transgenic mice overexpressing IRS‐1 exclusively in hepatocytes were created, showing enhanced hepatocyte proliferation in young animals. In the present study, the phenotype of IRS‐1 transgenic animals was characterized over a period of two years. The livers of transgenic and control mice were analyzed for IRS‐1 expression and phosphorylation, activation of the downstream mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and phosphatidylinositol 3′ kinase (PI3′K) and macroscopical and histological abnormalities.Results:  The enhanced hepatocyte proliferation observed in young IRS‐1 transgenic animals was no longer detectable in adult mice. Despite constitutive overexpression and phosphorylation of IRS‐1, MAPK‐ and IRS‐1‐associated PI3'K activity were significantly reduced in older transgenic mice. Furthermore, no premalignant lesions or HCC were detected in IRS‐1 transgenic animals up to the age of 24 months.Conclusions:  Therefore, additional mechanisms such as enhanced growth factor expression or impaired negative feedback control mechanisms may augment IRS‐1 overexpression in human hepatocarcinogenesis.
Coagulation values in normal ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) using selected methods and reagents
Authors: Benson Keith G. , Paul‐Murphy Joanne , Hart Arlene P. , Keuler Nicholas S. , Darien Benjamin J. 
Published: July 2008

Background: Accurate determination of commonly measured coagulation values would be useful in the diagnosis and management of coagulopathies in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo). We are unaware of reports of coagulation times in this species.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine reference values for prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), fibrinogen concentration, and antithrombin (AT) activity in ferrets using selected methods and reagents.Methods: Blood samples obtained from 18 clinically healthy ferrets were anticoagulated with 0.129 M sodium citrate in a ratio of 9 parts blood to 1 part anticoagulant. Plasma was collected and stored at −70°C until analysis. PT and PTT were measured with a fibrometer and with an ACL 3000 automated system. PTT was measured with and without the addition of ellagic acid. Fibrinogen was assayed by a turbidimetric method. AT activity was determined using a chromogenic assay and pooled ferret plasma (100% activity). Differences in methods and reagents were evaluated using paired t tests.Results: PT was significantly longer using the fibrometer (12.3±0.3, 11.6–12.7 seconds) compared with the ACL (10.9±0.3, 10.6–11.6 seconds) (P<.01). PTT was not significantly different with the fibrometer (18.7±0.9, 17.5–21.1 seconds) vs the ACL (18.1±1.1, 16.5–20.5 seconds), but was significantly longer on both analyzers when ellagic acid was added (fibrometer 20.4±0.8, 18.9–22.3 seconds; ACL 20.0±1.0, 18.6–22.1 seconds) (P<.01). Fibrinogen concentration was 107.4±19.8 mg/dL (90.0–163.5 mg/dL), and AT activity was 96%±12.7% (69.3–115.3%).Conclusion: These coagulation results for healthy ferrets will be useful in the evaluation of ferrets with coagulopathies, provided similar reagents and methods are used.
Correlation between cytologic and histopathologic diagnoses of bone lesions in dogs: a study of the diagnostic accuracy of bone cytology
Authors: Berzina Inese , Sharkey Leslie C. , Matise Ilze , Kramek Betty 
Published: July 2008

Background: The diagnostic value of cytology compared with histopathology varies by tissue, but there is little information regarding this comparison involving canine bone.Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to compare primary pathologic processes for cytology and histopathology of canine bone lesions. We adopted a proposed standardized format for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy.Methods: A computer search of canine medical records at the University of Minnesota Veterinary Medical Center from September 2002 through October 2006 identified 52 bone cytology samples that had incisional (IncB) and/or excisional (ExcB) biopsy performed. The primary pathologic process was determined by evaluation of original reports. Cytologic vs IncB and cytologic vs ExcB were compared pairwise for agreement. Agreement was compared for neoplastic and non‐neoplastic processes using the combined IncB/ExcB data, which included all ExcB (n=21) and IncB when that was the only biopsy available (n=31). Combined data were used to determine the effect of cytology cellularity on the diagnostic correlation.Results: The correlation in primary process between cytology and IncB was 71%, and for ExcB was 71%. For lesions with a cytologic diagnosis of neoplasia compared with the combined IncB/ExcB data set, cytology and histopathology agreed in 92% of cases, which was significantly greater (P<.0001, χ2) than the 27% for non‐neoplastic processes. Cytology cellularity significantly affected rates of correlation (P=.026), with high, moderate, and poor cellularity samples having concordant primary processes in 88%, 77%, and 47% of cases, respectively.Conclusions: Cytologic diagnosis of neoplasia for samples collected from canine bone correlates better with histopathology than cytologic diagnosis of non‐neoplastic proliferative processes or inflammation. Cytologic diagnoses from highly cellular samples are more likely to correlate with histopathology than those from less cellular samples.
Validation of thromboelastometry in horses
Authors: Paltrinieri Saverio , Meazza Cecilia , Giordano Alessia , Tunesi Cristiano 
Published: July 2008

Background:Thromboelastometry is used for identifying or monitoring coagulation abnormalities. It has been validated in several species but not in horses and the characteristics of the equine thromboelastogram have not yet been detailed.Objectives:The purpose of this study was to validate a thromboelastometer to be used with equine blood and to define the normal equine thromboelastogram.Methods:A Rotem‐gamma thromboelastometer (Pentapharm GmbH, Munich, Germany) was used on 38 citrated blood samples to investigate native coagulation, the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways, the function of fibrinogen (largely dependent on its concentration), and the presence of fibrinolysis. Using classic validation approaches, we evaluated the imprecision of the method and the influence of hemolysis and storage time and temperature. The normal thromboelastogram was defined in both saddle and racing horses (the latter sampled before and after the race).Results:For imprecision tests, the analytical variations were <10%. The equine thromboelastogram had a pattern similar to those of other species, but the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways were less and more efficient, respectively. Reference intervals in racing horses, especially after exercise, were different from those of saddle horses, most likely due to a higher RBC mass. Coagulability decreased in hemolyzed samples and significant changes were found between nonrefrigerated and refrigerated blood samples stored for 20 hours.Conclusions:The Rotem‐gamma thromboelastometer is a precise instrument for use with equine blood samples. The equine thromboelastogram is similar to that of other species, but reference intervals vary with aptitude and exercise. Hemolysis and refrigeration alter thromboelastometric results.
Cross‐reactivity of anti‐chicken IgY antibody with immunoglobulins of exotic avian species
Authors: Cray Carolyn , Villar David 
Published: July 2008

Background:A major challenge in the serologic diagnosis of infectious diseases in exotic birds is the limited availability of species‐specific antibodies.Objectives:The purpose of the current study was to determine if there is cross reactivity between commercially available anti‐chicken IgY antibodies and immunoglobulins of several avian species, with particular emphasis on psittacines.Methods:To quantitate the reactivity with anti‐chicken IgY, Western blot analysis was performed using plasma samples from many different avian species. Results were compared with gamma globulin fraction quantitation obtained by protein electrophoresis.Results:By Western blot, 2 protein bands corresponding to the heavy and light chains of chicken IgY were identified in species from 21 avian orders using 1 of 2 rabbit anti‐chicken IgY antibodies. Densitometric analysis showed that the amount of immunoglobulin estimated from Western blots correlated strongly with data from protein electrophoresis assays.Conclusions:The results demonstrate that some commercially available anti‐chicken IgY antibodies exhibit good cross‐reactivity with most avian species.
Platelet function in clinically healthy cats and cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: analysis using the Platelet Function Analyzer‐100
Authors: Jandrey Karl E. , Norris Jeffrey W. , MacDonald Kristin A. , Kittleson Mark D. , Tablin Fern 
Published: July 2008

Background:There is currently no simple analytical tool for the evaluation of hypercoagulability in cats. The Platelet Function Analyzer‐100®(PFA‐100; Dade Behring Inc., Deerfield, IL, USA) is a bench‐top machine that evaluates platelet function by measuring closure time (CT) in citrated whole blood under high shear conditions. We hypothesized that cats with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) have up‐regulated platelet function, which shortens their CT and increases their risk for thromboembolic events.Objectives:The goals of this study were to: (1) establish a feline reference interval for CT using the PFA‐100, (2) measure CT in blood from cats with HCM, and (3) determine if there is a measurable difference between the CT of healthy cats compared with cats with HCM.Methods:Citrated blood samples from 42 clinically healthy cats and 30 cats with HCM were analyzed according to manufacturer's specifications. CT was measured in triplicate and the mean value was used for analysis. Transformed data were compared between clinically healthy cats and cats with HCM using a Student'st‐test, and among cats with mild, moderate, or severe HCM using ANOVA.Results:The median CT of clinically healthy cats was 64 seconds (range 43–176 seconds). The median CT of cats with HCM was 74 seconds (range 48–197 seconds). There was no significant difference in CT between cats with HCM and clinically healthy cats. There also were no significant differences in cats with mild, moderate, or severe HCM.Conclusions:A feline reference interval for PFA‐100 CT will be useful in future studies of platelet function in cats. Cats with HCM do not have shorter CTs when compared with clinically healthy cats.