bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular phylogenetic analyses and systematics of the genus Saussurea and related genera (Asteraceae, Cardueae)
Authors: Kita Yoko , Fujikawa Kazumi , Ito Motomi , Ohba Hideaki , Kato Masahiro 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe phylogenetic relationships of the genus Saussurea DC. and Hemistepta lyrata Bunge were analyzed using the nuclear ribosomal ITS and chloroplast matK gene. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that Saussurea ceratocarpa Decne. of subg. Jurinocera (Baill.) Lipsch. and the species assigned to sect. ,Elatae Hook. f. of subg. Saussurea were separated from all other members of the genus Saussurea. The species of subgen. Jurinocera and subgen. Saussurea sect. Elatae form a monophyletic unit along with a group including genus Jurinea Cass. The species of subg. Jurinocera and sect. Elatae share 4–5­gonal cypselas and apical pericarpal crowns bearing sharp horns or sharp teeth. The Saussurea s.s. group is comprised of representatives of six sections of the subg. Saussurea and morphologically distinctive subgenera [Amphilaena (Stschegl.) Lipsch., Eriocoryne (DC.) Hook. f., and Theodorea (Cass.) Lipsch.]. Two frigid­adapted forms, the “snowball plants” of subg. Eriocoryne and the “glasshouse plants” of subg. Amphilaena, were confirmed as members of Saussurea s.s. Hemistepta lyrata and Saussurea s.s. show a close sister relationship, which is supported by the pappus dimorphism involving free, short, scabrid outer bristles or tiny outer scales and basally connate in a ring, with much longer, plumose inner bristles.
Subtribal division of Ceropegieae (Apocynaceae­Asclepiadoideae)
Authors: Meve Ulrich , Liede Sigrid 
Published: February 2008

AbstractMonophyly and sister group relationship of Ceropegieae and Marsdenieae, the two Asclepiadoideae tribes possessing erect pollinia, are confirmed by molecular investigation of non­coding cpDNA markers (trnT­L and trnL­F spacers, and the trnL intron). In Ceropegieae, the analyzed taxa fall in four subclades. The Heterostemma subclade is sister to other three subclades, of which the Conomitra­Leptadenia­Orthanthera subclade is sister to the Anisotoma­Neoschumannia­Riocreuxia­Sisyranthus subclade and to the large subclade comprising the stem­succulent stapeliads, Brachystelma and Ceropegia. Following these results, subdivision of Ceropegieae into four subtribes, Anisotominae, Heterostemminae, Leptadeniinae and Stapeliinae, is proposed.
Lessons learned from the SABONET Project while building capacity to document the botanical diversity of southern Africa
Authors: Siebert Stefan J. , Smith Gideon F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET) is a donor­funded capacity­building project supported by the GEF­UNDP and USAID/IUCN ROSA. The ten southern African countries that make up the network are Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia and Zimbabwe. Participating institutions in these countries are involved in the compilation of national plant checklists, production of botanical inventories for centres of plant diversity, regional and national plant collecting expeditions, computerisation of herbarium specimens, support of postgraduate studies in systematics, biodiversity research projects, regional and national training courses and workshops, implementation of threatened plants programmes in botanical gardens and the compilation of Plant Red Data Lists. Since the inception of the Project in 1996, these efforts have contributed positively towards networking and capacity­building among botanists and providing baseline information for the in situ and ex situ conservation of the flora of the southern African region. This paper discusses the lessons learned during the implementation of the project up to December 2002 and outlines the contribution SABONET has made towards building the capacity of focal institutions in southern Africa. It also highlights the main strengths of the project and provides a 20­point plan for a successful regional network. Other issues that pertain to the SABONET Project are discussed under challenges and opportunities, constraints to improvement and complementing other networks. It is hoped that this paper will provide some insight into the experience of southern Africa in documenting biodiversity. By evaluating our successes and failures we hope the findings presented in this paper will serve as guidelines for other projects to accomplish even more than we had.
Alien plants in checklists and floras: towards better communication between taxonomists and ecologists
Authors: Pyšek Petr , Richardson David M. , Rejmánek Marcel , Webster Grady L. , Williamson Mark , Kirschner Jan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe number of studies dealing with plant invasions is increasing rapidly, but the accumulating body of knowledge has unfortunately also spawned increasing confusion about terminology. Invasions are a global phenomenon and comparison of geographically distant regions and their introduced biota is a crucially important methodological approach for elucidation of the determinants of invasiveness and invasibility. Comparative studies of alien floras provide substantial new insights to our understanding of general patterns of plant invasions. Such studies, using information in previously published floras and checklists, are fundamentally dependent on the quality of the assessment of particular species with respect to their taxonomic identity, time of immigration and invasion status. Three crucial decisions should be made when defining the status of a plant species in a given region: (1) whether the taxon is native or alien to that region (origin status); (2) what is its position in the invasion process, i.e., when was it introduced (residence status); and (3) what is the degree of its naturalization and possible invasion (invasion status). Standard floras differ hugely in their treatment of non­native species and those with appropriate categorization of alien species according to their status are rather rare. The present paper suggests definitions of terms associated with plant invasions and places these into the context of floras. Recommendations are outlined on how to deal with the issue of plant invasions in standard floras with the aim of contributing to a better understanding between taxonomists and ecologists and allowing more detailed comparative analyses of alien floras of various regions of the world.
Linnaean names in Callitriche L. (Callitrichaceae) and their typification
Authors: Lansdown Richard , Jarvis Charlie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe names described by Linnaeus in the genus Callitriche are discussed and most are newly typified. Callitriche palustris L. is recognised, with C. verna L. as a heterotypic synonym, and the current usage of C. hermaphroditica L. is maintained.
Biosystematic studies on the genus Heloniopsis (Melanthiaceae) II. Two new species from Korea based on morphological and molecular evidence
Authors: Fuse Shizuka , Sook Lee Nam N. , Tamura Minoru N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo new species of Heloniopsis (Melanthiaceae) endemic to Korea are described: H. tubiflora and H. koreana . Heloniopsis tubiflora is similar to H. orientalis, but the former has flowers at anthesis arranged obliquely downward (to pendulous) and has a basally tubular perianth, usually recurved apically (rarely straight) and bluish­purple to purple (but usually whitish near the apex when mature). Heloniopsis koreana differs from H. orientalis in having leaves that are usually spathulate, rarely oblanceolate, with minutely undulate margin, and with tepals slightly saccate to non­saccate at the base. Through comparison of herbarium specimens, we conclude that all plants in Korea comprise these two new endemic species. Based on the molecular phylogeny resulting from combined analyses of trnK 5’ intron and matK DNA sequence data, Heloniopsis comprises three lineages: (1) five species in Japan and Taiwan; (2) H. koreana; and (3) H. tubiflora.
Composition of the Lecointea clade (Leguminosae, Papilionoideae, Swartzieae), a re­evaluation based on combined evidence from morphology and molecular data
Authors: de Freitas Mansano Vidal , Bittrich Volker , de Azevedo Tozzi Ana Maria G. , de Souza Anete Pereira 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe investigated morphological and DNA sequence data for studying the composition and phylogenetic relationships of the Lecointea clade sensu Herendeen and for testing its monophyly. Twenty nine representing 14 genera were analyzed, including all members of the Lecointea clade and some species of the genera Acosmium, Luetzelburgia, Sweetia, Vatairea and Vataireopsis. Ateleia herbert­smithii, Bocoa mollis, and Myrocarpus frondosus were included as outgroup. Matrices were analyzed using maximum parsimony. Analyses of morphological data, chloroplast DNA trnL sequence data, and combined datasets resulted in similar tree topologies. The Lecointea clade sensu Herendeen, with the additional inclusion of Uribea, is monophyletic in all analyses. Exostyles and Harleyodendron belong to the Lecointea clade and not to the Vatairea clade as recently proposed by Pennington & al.
A tale of two globbas: the complex nomenclatural history of Hura siamensium J. Koenig and Globba versicolor Sm. (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Williams Kyle J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe proper identities of Hura siamensium J. Koenig 1783 and Globba versicolor Sm. 1805 along with the history of the nomenclature surrounding these species are discussed. Both names have dropped out of common usage today due to early confusion over the identities of these taxa. It is found that the current names in use for these taxa, G. pendula Roxb. 1810 and G. leucantha Miq. 1860, are to be retained. It has now been recommended by the Spermatophyta Committee that G. siamensium (J. Koenig) Rao and Verma 1972 is to be treated as a homonym of G. siamensis (Hemsl.) Hemsl. 1895, an unrelated species. The name G. versicolor clearly refers to the same taxon as G. leucantha, but, for nomenclatural reasons, the name must be considered a synonym of H. siamensium.
Validations of the names of sevenPodocarpaceaemacrofossils
Authors: Mill Robert R.S. , Hill Robert S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSeven names of macrofossil taxa belonging toPodocarpaceaeare here validated; they were all previously published but not validly so under theInternational Code of Botanical Nomenclature. The names apply to species in the generaAcmopylePilg. [A.setiger(Townrow) R. S. Hill & R. J. Carp. ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill],Dacrycarpus(Endl.) de Laub. [D.praecupressinus(Ettingsh.) D. R. Greenw. ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill],Falcatifoliumde Laub. [F.eocenicum(D. R. Greenw.) R. S. Hill & L. J. Scriven ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill],PrumnopitysPhil. [P.tasmanica(Townrow) D. R. Greenw. ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill],SigmaphyllumR. S. Hill & L. J. Scriven [S.australe(D. R. Greenw.) R. S. Hill & L. J. Scriven ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill],SmithtoniaR. S. Hill & M. Pole [S.lanceolata(D. R. Greenw.) R. S. Hill & M. Pole ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill] andWillungiaR. S. Hill & M. Pole [W.maslinensis(D. T. Blackburn) R. S. Hill & M. Pole ex R. R. Mill & R. S. Hill]. All these combinations were originally published without exact basionym references; instead, the authors cited the complete pagination of the paper in which the intended basionym was made.
The nomenclature of Plasmopara (Chromista, Peronosporales) parasitic on Geraniaceae
Authors: Constantinescu Ovidiu 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe four names in use for Plasmopara parasitic on Geranium are lectotypified. It is recommended that the name Plasmopara pusilla should be restricted to Plasmopara occurring mostly on Geranium pratense. Plasmopara geranii–pratensis is considered a taxonomic synonym of P. pusilla. Plasmopara geranii–sylvatici, frequently treated as a synonym of Plasmopara pusilla, is reinstated. Plasmopara geranii, based on two fungi, is retained for the common downy mildew of Geranium spp. in North America.
Ceramic Diversity in Chavín De Huantar, Peru
Authors: Druc Isabelle C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCeramic diversity in the ceremonial center of Chavín de Huantar in the Peruvian highlands is assessed by neutron activation analysis, petrography, and stylistic analysis. These analyses lead to a new interpretation of ceramic production in Chavín between ca. 850 and 200 B.C. Several compositional groups with very different mineralogical paste types are identified. More than 30 percent of the ceramics are nonlocal. Most of these are bottles and fine wares, probably brought to the site as gifts or offerings. At the local level, ceramic production changed over time. A dramatic shift in resource procurement occurred at the end of the first occupation phase, and production became more diversified and intense as the site and its population grew larger.
A Late Monte Albán I Phase (300–100 B.C.) Palace in the Valley of Oaxaca
Authors: Spencer Charles S. , Redmond Elsa M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA masonry and adobe construction called the “Area I Palace” was excavated by the authors at the site of El Palenque (SMT-llb), located near San Martín Tilcajete in the Ocotlán district of the Valley of Oaxaca, Mexico. The Area I Palace covered 850 m2and consisted of nine interconnected structures, one of which was an elaborate residence that measured 16 m by 16 m and had eight rooms arranged around an interior patio. Several additional platforms and two paved courtyards were probably more ceremonial in nature. There is evidence that multiple work groups were involved in the construction of the palace. The associated ceramics and four radiocarbon samples indicate that the palace was built at the beginning of the Late Monte Albán I phase (300–100 B.C.) and abandoned in the first century B.C. It is argued that the Area I Palace is one of earliest known examples of a Zapotec quihuitào or royal palace.
Pruritus in polycythemia vera is associated with a lower risk of arterial thrombosis
Authors: Gangat Naseema , Strand Jacob J. , Lasho Terra L. , Li Chin‐Yang , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAmong 418 patients with polycythemia vera seen at our institution and in whom pruritus history was recorded, the presence of pruritus at diagnosis was documented in 131 (31%) and its absence in 287 (69%). Pruritus was less frequently reported by smokers (12% vs. 24%; P = 0.004) and diabetics (5% vs. 11%; P = 0.04). The presence of pruritus was associated with a lower rate of arterial thrombosis, both at diagnosis (8% vs. 17%; P = 0.01) and during follow‐up (16% vs. 30%; P = 0.003). Multivariable analysis revealed that these associations were independent of other risk factors for thrombosis. High JAK2V617F allele burden clustered with pruritus (P = 0.002) but did not affect thrombosis rates. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dialogue act recognition using maximum entropy
Authors: Lan Kwok Cheung , Ho Kei Shiu , Pong Luk and Robert Wing , Leong Hong Va 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA dialogue‐based interface for information systems is considered a potentially very useful approach to information access. A key step in computer processing of natural‐language dialogues is dialogue‐act (DA) recognition. In this paper, we apply a feature‐based classification approach for DA recognition, by using the maximum entropy (ME) method to build a classifier for labeling utterances with DA tags. The ME method has the advantage that a large number of heterogeneous features can be flexibly combined in one classifier, which can facilitate feature selection. A unique characteristic of our approach is that it does not need to model the prior probability of DAs directly, and thus avoids the use of a discourse grammar. This simplifies the implementation of the classifier and improves the efficiency of DA recognition, without sacrificing the classification accuracy. We evaluate the classifier using a large data set based on the Switchboard corpus. Encouraging performance is observed; the highest classification accuracy achieved is 75.03%. We also propose a heuristic to address the problem of sparseness of the data set. This problem has resulted in poor classification accuracies of some DA types that have very low occurrence frequencies in the data set. Preliminary evaluation shows that the method is effective in improving the macroaverage classification accuracy of the ME classifier.
Expression and biophysical analysis of two double‐transmembrane domain‐containing fragments from a yeast G protein‐coupled receptor
Authors: Cohen Leah S. , Arshava Boris , Estephan Racha , Englander Jacqueline , Kim Heejung , Hauser Melinda , Zerbe Oliver , Ceruso Marco , Becker Jeffrey M. , Naider Fred 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFragments of G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are widely used as models to investigate these polytopic integral–membrane, signal‐transducing molecules, but have proven difficult to prepare in quantities necessary for NMR analyses. We report on the biosynthesis of two double transmembrane (TM) containing fragments of Ste2p, the α‐factor GPCR from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ste2p(G31‐T110) [TM1‐TM2] and Ste2p(R231‐S339) [TM6‐TM7‐CT40] were expressed as TrpΔLE fusion proteins in Escherichia coli and released by CNBr cleavage. Expression yields were optimized using different strains and induction parameters, and by performing CNBr cleavage directly on inclusion bodies. Nonlabeled and uniformly labeled [15N]‐TM1‐TM2 and TM6‐TM7‐CT40, as well as uniformly labeled [15N,13C]‐TM1‐TM2 and TM1‐TM2 selectively labeled with [15N‐Ala], [15N‐Phe], [15N‐Leu], [15N‐Ile], and [15N‐Val] were prepared. Yields of target peptides with >95% homogeneity varied from 3 mg/L of fermentation ([15N]‐TM6‐TM7‐CT40) to 20 mg/L (selectively labeled TM1‐TM2). The high level biosynthesis and the efficient CNBr processing and purification yields allowed the initiation of a comprehensive biophysical analysis of TM1‐TM2 and TM6‐TM7‐CT40. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that TM1‐TM2 was monomeric in this micellar environment, whereas TM6‐TM7‐CT40 migrated as a dimer. CD analysis indicated that TM1‐TM2 was highly helical in SDS and 1‐palmitoyl‐2‐hydroxy‐sn‐glycero‐3‐[phospho‐RAC‐(1‐glycerol)], but had a tendency to aggregate in dodecylphosphocholine micelles. Similar results were found with TM6‐TM7‐CT40. Conditions for NMR measurements were optimized, and both TM1‐TM2 and TM6‐TM7‐CT40 exhibited more than 90% of the expected crosspeaks in the [15N,1H]‐HSQC spectrum. These findings set the stage for the determination of the 3D structure of these large domains of a GPCR in micelles using high‐resolution NMR. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 90: 117–130, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Investigation of particle‐functionalized tissue engineering scaffolds using X‐ray tomographic microscopy
Authors: Nygaard J.V. , Andersen M.Ø. , Howard K.A. , Foss M. , Bünger C. , Kjems J. , Besenbacher F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA low‐density, porous chitosan/poly‐(dl‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA) microparticle composite scaffold was produced by thermally induced phase separation followed by lyophilization, to provide a bicontinuous microstructure potentially suitable for tissue engineering and locally controlled drug release. PLGA particles were mixed into the chitosan solution and subsequent phase separation during chitosan solidification forced PLGA particles into chitosan phase (Plateau borders). The distributions of volume, surface area, and elongation of 15,422 inclusions of agglomerated PLGA particles were calculated and approximated with log‐normal distribution functions from nanotomography reconstructions. Cluster analysis revealed a homogenous inclusion distribution throughout the scaffold. The spatial location and orientation of individual inclusions within the Plateau borders of the scaffold were determined and from these the nearest‐neighbor inter‐inclusion distance distribution calculated, showing a mean of 2.5 µm. The depth of the inclusions in Plateau borders peaks at 700 or 125 nm, respectively, indicating a step‐wise drug release from inclusions successively exposed during scaffold decomposition. Particle diameter ranged from 400 nm to 3 µm and inclusion Feret lengths ranged from 800 nm to 12 µm. These findings on composite morphology and distribution of inclusions are fundamental for predicting scaffold deterioration and particle‐mediated drug release during ex vivo and in vivo cell cultivation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 820–829. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sall3 is required for the terminal maturation of olfactory glomerular interneurons
Authors: Harrison Susan J. , Parrish Mark , Monaghan A. Paula 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSall3 is a zinc finger containing putative transcription factor and a member of the Sall gene family. Members of the Sall gene family are highly expressed during development. Sall3‐deficient mice die in the perinatal period because of dehydration and display alterations in palate formation and cranial nerve formation (Parrish et al. [2004] Mol Cell Biol 24:7102–7112). We examined the role of Sall3 in the development of the olfactory system. We determined that Sall3 is expressed by cells in the olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb. Sall3 deficiency specifically alters formation of the glomerular layer. The glomerular layer was hypocellular, because of a decrease in the number of interneurons. The lateral ganglionic eminence and rostral migratory stream developed normally in Sall3‐deficient animals, which suggests that Sall3 is not required for the initial specification of olfactory bulb interneurons. Fewer GAD65/67‐, Pax6‐, calretinin‐, and calbindin‐positive cells were detected in the glomerular layer, accompanied by an increase in cells positive for these markers in the granule cell layer. In addition, a complete absence of tyrosine hydroxylase expression was observed in the olfactory bulb in the absence of Sall3. However, expression of Nurr1, a marker of dopaminergic precursors, was maintained, indicating that dopaminergic precursors were present. Our data suggest that Sall3 is required for the terminal maturation of neurons destined for the glomerular layer. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1780–1794, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Emergence of self‐similar tree network organization
Authors: Paik Kyungrock , Kumar Praveen 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe self‐similar tree topology in open dissipative systems is formed as a result of self‐organization and found in various examples, such as river networks, blood vessels, vascular organizations in plants, and even lightning. It is generally assumed that the tree organization is a result of a dynamic process that minimizes the dissipation of energy. Here, we argue that inherent randomness is a sufficient condition for the generation of tree patterns under evolutionary dynamics and the decrease of energy expenditure is not the cause but a consequent signature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 13: 30–37, 2008