bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Discourse of ‘The People’s War’ in Britain and the USA during World War II
Authors: Dettman Sean , Toye Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
David Edgerton has argued that the term ‘people’s war’ was not much in use during World War II and that where it did occur it was used in ‘a critical and oppositional, rather than an official-celebratory’ sense. We show that Edgerton’s conclusions are an artefact of his limited source-base and narrow reading of the evidence. The phrase ‘people’s war’ was in fact used in Ministry of Information propaganda and cropped up widely in the press, leading contemporaries to comment on its overfamiliarity. But we do not merely seek to restore previous interpretations. We show the longer history of ‘people’s war’ terminology in both Britain and America. We further demonstrate how Britain’s US sympathisers, such as the CBS journalist Edward R. Murrow, used this language to argue that British class barriers were breaking down, thus making the country worthy of American support. British policymakers consciously encouraged this, and there were consequences for US domestic politics too. The concept of the ‘people’s war’, then, was a contemporary Anglo-American co-production. It was not, as Edgerton wrongly suggests, an invention of the historians of the 1960s and after.
Clinician perspectives on integrating neuro-oncology and palliative care for patients with high-grade glioma
Authors: Crooms Rita C , Nnemnbeng Jeannys F , Taylor Jennie W , Goldstein Nathan E , Gorbenko Ksenia , Vickrey Barbara G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Patients with high-grade glioma have high palliative care needs, yet few receive palliative care consultation. This study aims to explore themes on (1) benefits of primary (delivered by neuro-oncologists) and specialty palliative care (SPC) and (2) barriers to SPC referral, according to a diverse sample of clinicians.

Methods
From September 2021 to May 2023, 10 palliative physicians and 10 neuro-oncologists were recruited via purposive sampling for diversity in geographic setting, seniority, and practice structure. Semistructured, 45-minute interviews were audio-recorded, professionally transcribed, and coded by 2 investigators. A qualitative, phenomenological approach to thematic analysis was used.

Results
Regarding primary palliative care, (1) neuro-oncologists have primary ownership of cancer-directed treatment and palliative management and (2) the neuro-oncology clinic is glioma patients’ medical home. Regarding SPC, (1) palliative specialists’ approach is beneficial even without disease-specific expertise; (2) palliative specialists have time to comprehensively address palliative needs; and (3) earlier SPC enhances its benefits. For referral barriers, (1) appointment burden can be mitigated with telehealth, home-based, and embedded palliative care; (2) heightened stigma associating SPC with hospice in a population with high death anxiety can be mitigated with earlier referral to promote rapport-building; and (3) lack of neuro-oncologic expertise among palliative specialists can be mitigated by emphasizing their role in managing nonneurologic symptoms, coping support, and anticipatory guidance.

Conclusions
These themes emphasize the central role of neuro-oncologists in addressing palliative care needs in glioma, without obviating the need for or benefits of SPC. Tailored models may be needed to optimize the balance of primary and specialty palliative care in glioma.
The relationship between aggregate uncertainty and firm-level uncertainty
Authors: Easaw Joshy , Grimme Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many firm-level studies use aggregate uncertainty to proxy for firm-level uncertainty. Providing support for this strategy, we analyse the extent to which firm-level uncertainty is affected by aggregate uncertainty. Firm-level uncertainty is constructed from a large and monthly panel dataset of manufacturing firms. We find that aggregate uncertainty is associated positively and robustly with firm-level uncertainty. This correlation holds across different types of domestic and international measures of aggregate uncertainty. However, the extent of the correlations is heterogeneous and depends on certain firm characteristics and the state of the business cycle. For example, the widely used economic policy uncertainty index matters to all firms’ uncertainty only in recessionary periods, while it is relevant over the entire business cycle only to large firms’ uncertainty.
Pharmacotherapeutic Considerations in the Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infections: A Primer for Clinicians
Authors: Cimino Christo , Rivera Christina G , Pearson Jeffrey C , Colton Benjamin , Slain Douglas , Mahoney Monica V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) can cause a variety of infections, including serious pulmonary disease. Treatment encompasses polypharmacy, with a targeted regimen of 2–5 active medications, depending on site of infection, species, and clinical characteristics. Medications may include oral, intravenous, and inhalational routes. Medication acquisition can be challenging for numerous reasons, including investigational status, limited distribution models, and insurance prior authorization. Additionally, monitoring and managing adverse reactions and drug interactions is a unique skill set. While NTM is primarily medically managed, clinicians may not be familiar with the intricacies of medication selection, procurement, and monitoring. This review offers insights into the pharmacotherapeutic considerations of this highly complex disease state, including regimen design, medication acquisition, safety monitoring, relevant drug–drug interactions, and adverse drug reactions.
Campylobacter Infections With and Without Bacteremia: A Comparative Retrospective Population-Based Study
Authors: Sunnerhagen Torgny , Grenthe Rasmus , Kampmann Christian , Karlsson Söbirk Sara , Bläckberg Anna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Bacteremia with species in the genus Campylobacter is rare, and knowledge of the disease course in comparison with Campylobacter enteritis is limited.

Methods
This is a retrospective population-based study. Episodes of Campylobacter bacteremia and Campylobacter enteritis with a concurrent negative blood culture result that occurred between 2015 and 2022 in southern Sweden were identified through the laboratory database. Medical records were reviewed, and clinical features between patients with bacteremic Campylobacter infections were compared with patients with Campylobacter spp found in feces.

Results
The study included 29 bacteremic infections with Campylobacter and 119 cases of Campylobacter spp found in feces. Patients with Campylobacter bacteremia were significantly older than those with enteritis (72 years [IQR, 58–62] vs 58 years [IQR, 33–67], P &lt; .0001). Eleven patients with bacteremia developed sepsis within 48 hours from blood culturing, and no patient died within 30 days from hospital admission.

Conclusions
Campylobacter bacteremia is rare and occurs mainly in the elderly with comorbidities. In comparison with Campylobacter infections limited to the gastrointestinal tract, patients with bacteremic Campylobacter infections are older and seem more prone to develop sepsis. Classical gastroenteritis symptoms in bacteremic cases with Campylobacter may be absent.
Monthly Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine During Pregnancy Prevents Febrile Respiratory Illnesses: A Secondary Analysis of a Malaria Chemoprevention Trial in Uganda
Authors: Lee Jordan John , Kakuru Abel , Jacobson Karen B , Kamya Moses R , Kajubi Richard , Ranjit Anju , Gaw Stephanie L , Parsonnet Julie , Benjamin-Chung Jade , Dorsey Grant , Jagannathan Prasanna , Roh Michelle E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Trials evaluating antimalarials for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) have shown that dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a more efficacious antimalarial than sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP); however, SP is associated with higher birthweight, suggesting that SP demonstrates “nonmalarial” effects. Chemoprevention of nonmalarial febrile illnesses (NMFIs) was explored as a possible mechanism.

Methods
In this secondary analysis, we leveraged data from 654 pregnant Ugandan women without HIV infection who participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing monthly IPTp-SP with IPTp-DP. Women were enrolled between 12 and 20 gestational weeks and followed through delivery. NMFIs were measured by active and passive surveillance and defined by the absence of malaria parasitemia. We quantified associations among IPTp regimens, incident NMFIs, antibiotic prescriptions, and birthweight.

Results
Mean “birthweight for gestational age” Z scores were 0.189 points (95% CI, .045–.333) higher in women randomized to IPTp-SP vs IPTp-DP. Women randomized to IPTp-SP had fewer incident NMFIs (incidence rate ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, .58–.95), mainly respiratory NMFIs (incidence rate ratio, 0.69; 95% CI, .48–1.00), vs IPTp-DP. Counterintuitively, respiratory NMFI incidence was positively correlated with birthweight in multigravidae. In total 75% of respiratory NMFIs were treated with antibiotics. Although overall antibiotic prescriptions were similar between arms, for each antibiotic prescribed, “birthweight for gestational age” Z scores increased by 0.038 points (95% CI, .001–.074).

Conclusions
Monthly IPTp-SP was associated with reduced respiratory NMFI incidence, revealing a potential nonmalarial mechanism of SP and supporting current World Health Organization recommendations for IPTp-SP, even in areas with high-grade SP resistance. While maternal respiratory NMFIs are known risk factors of lower birthweight, most women in our study were presumptively treated with antibiotics, masking the potential benefit of SP on birthweight mediated through preventing respiratory NMFIs.
Long-Term Cochlear Implant Sound Processor Usage in Children with Single-Sided Deafness
Authors: Garcia-Matte Raimundo J. , O'Neil Luke M. , Chase Carl , Leeming Pia , Clack Rachel , Rodrigues Steve , Kuthubutheen Jafri 
Published: March 2024

Objective
To assess cochlear implant (CI) sound processor usage over time in children with single-sided deafness (SSD) and identify factors influencing device use.

Study Design
Retrospective, chart review study.

Setting
Pediatric tertiary referral center.

Patients
Children with SSD who received CI between 2014 and 2020.

Outcome Measure
Primary outcome was average daily CI sound processor usage over follow-up.

Results
Fifteen children with SSD who underwent CI surgery were categorized based on age of diagnosis and surgery timing. Over an average of 4.3-year follow-up, patients averaged 4.6 hours/day of CI usage. Declining usage trends were noted over time, with the first 2 years postactivation showing higher rates. No significant usage differences emerged based on age, surgery timing, or hearing loss etiology.

Conclusions
Long-term usage decline necessitates further research into barriers and enablers for continued CI use in pediatric SSD cases.
Middle Ear Tophi: A Case Series of Two Unusual Lesions and a Report of Facial Weakness and Review of the Literature
Authors: Akella Deepthi S. , Ghezavati Alireza , Siddiqui Huma A. , Erbele Isaac D. 
Published: March 2024

Objective
Tophaceous lesions of the middle ear from calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD, or pseudogout) and gout are infrequently reported. Recognizing its characteristic findings will allow clinicians to accurately narrow the differential diagnosis of bony-appearing middle ear lesions and improve management.

Patients
Two consecutive cases of tophaceous middle ear lesions presenting to a tertiary care center between January 2021 and December 2021. Neither with previous rheumatologic history.

Interventions
Surgical excision of tophaceous middle ear lesions.

Main Outcome Measure
Improvements in facial weakness and conductive hearing loss.

Results
The first case was a 66-year-old gentleman with progressive conductive loss, ipsilateral progressive facial weakness over years, and an opaque, irregular-appearing tympanic membrane anterior to the malleus found to have CPPD on surgical pathology, with immediate postoperative improvement of facial function. The second was a 75-year-old gentleman with progressive conductive loss and similar appearing tympanic membrane as case 1, previously diagnosed with tympanosclerosis, found to have gout on surgical pathology. In both cases, the CT showed a heterogenous, bony-appearing lesion in the middle ear, and both tophaceous lesions were a of gritty, chalky consistency intraoperatively.

Conclusion
Tophaceous lesions of the middle ear are rare but have similar findings. Notably, the tympanic membrane can appear opaque and irregular, and the CT demonstrates a radiopaque, heterogeneous appearance. Facial weakness is an unusual finding. Specimens of suspected tophi must be sent to pathology without formalin for accurate diagnosis.
A Novel Hypobaric Perfusion Method to Remove Microthrombi in Kidney Grafts with Prolonged Circulatory Arrest: A Pilot Study on a Porcine Model
Authors: Kinoshita Yoshitaka , Iwai Satomi , Torai Shinji , Kurauchi Kanta , Yokoo Takashi , Kume Haruki , Tolba Rene , Kobayashi Eiji 
Published: March 2024

Background.
Intragraft microthrombi prevent complete organ perfusion, thereby compromising the viability maintained by preservation solutions or machine perfusion. Herein, we developed and evaluated a hypobaric perfusion method for flushing microthrombi from kidney grafts with prolonged circulatory arrest in a porcine model.

Methods.
Porcine renal grafts with 1-h warm ischemia were flushed with heparin-containing perfusate in a normobaric environment (control group) or a hypobaric environment of −20 to −30 mm Hg (hypobaric perfusion group) for 10 min using a gravity drip from a 1-m height. Perfusion parameters, histological findings in ex vivo blood perfusion experiments (2 control and 4 hypobaric perfusion kidneys), and safety in allogeneic porcine transplantation experiments (1 donor to 2 recipients) were evaluated.

Results.
The −20 mm Hg hypobaric perfusion group exhibited greater maximal flow than the control group (20.4 versus 6.9 mL/min; P = 0.028). Histological evaluation following 3 h of static cold storage and 10 min ex vivo porcine whole-blood perfusion revealed statistically significant reductions in congestion and edema (1.5 versus 3, and 0.5 versus 4 on a 5-point scale, from 0 to 4; P = 0.014 and 0.006, respectively) in the medulla along with improved ischemia–reperfusion injury scores (4.0 versus 4.7 on a 6-point scale, from 0 to 5; P = 0.004) in the −20 mm Hg hypobaric perfusion group. Kidney grafts perfused under −30 mm Hg hypobaric environment followed by 3 h of static cold storage could be used for porcine allogeneic transplantation without any macroscopic damage to the graft, effect on intraoperative handling, or perioperative adverse events. Thus, the hypobaric perfusion method was considered safe.

Conclusions.
Perfusion in a hypobaric environment may prevent graft congestion, edema, and further reperfusion injury by flushing out erythrocytes occluding the medullary capillaries, improving marginal renal graft quality, and reducing the number of discarded grafts.
Modifying Tacrolimus-related Toxicity After Liver Transplantation Comparing Life Cycle Pharma Tacrolimus Versus Extended-released Tacrolimus: A Multicenter, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Mulder Midas B. , van Hoek Bart , Polak Wojtek G. , Alwayn Ian P.J. , de Winter Brenda C.M. , Darwish Murad Sarwa , Verhey-Hart Elke , Elshove Lara , Erler Nicole S. , Hesselink Dennis A. , den Hoed Caroline M. , Metselaar Herold J. 
Published: March 2024

Background.
The aim of this open-label, multicenter, randomized controlled study was to investigate whether the life cycle pharma (LCP)-tacrolimus compared with the extended-release (ER)-tacrolimus formulation results in a difference in the prevalence of posttransplant diabetes, hypertension and chronic kidney disease (CKD) at 12 mo after liver transplantation.

Methods.
Patients were 1:1 randomized to either of the 2 tacrolimus formulations. The primary endpoint was defined as a composite endpoint of any of 3 events: sustained (>3 mo postrandomization) posttransplant diabetes, new-onset hypertension, and/or CKD, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 for >3 m during the follow-up.

Results.
In total, 105 patients were included. In the intention-to-treat analysis, a statistically significant lower proportion of liver transplant recipients in the LCP-tacrolimus group reached the composite primary endpoint at 12 mo compared with the ER-tacrolimus group (50.9% [27/53], 95% confidence interval [CI], 37.9%-63.9% versus 71.2% [37/52], 95% CI, 57.7%-81.7%; risk difference: 0.202; 95% CI, 0.002-0.382; P = 0.046). No significant difference was found in the per protocol analysis. In the intention-to-treat and per protocol population, fewer liver transplant recipients in the LCP-tacrolimus group developed CKD and new-onset hypertension compared with the ER-tacrolimus group. No differences in rejection rate, graft and patient survival were found.

Conclusions.
A statistically significant and clinically relevant reduction in the prevalence of the composite primary endpoint was found in the LCP-tacrolimus group compared with the ER-tacrolimus group in the first year after liver transplantation with comparable efficacy.
Incidence of Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiography after Subtotal Fenestrating and Reconstituting Cholecystectomy
Authors: Nordness Mina F , Smith Michael C , Fogel Jessa , Guillamondegui Oscar D , Dennis Bradley M , Gunter Oliver L 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (SC) is used for the difficult cholecystectomy, but published experience with resource use for SC is limited. We hypothesized that the need for advanced resources are common after SC.

STUDY DESIGN:
This was a retrospective review of laparoscopic cholecystectomies between 2017 and 2021 at a large center. SC cases were identified using a medical record tool. Baseline characteristics were assessed with Student’s t-test and chi-square test. Primary outcome was endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) within 60 days. Secondary outcomes were reconstituted SC on postoperative ERC and length of stay (LOS). Uni- and multivariable logistic regression were used for binary outcomes. Multiple linear regression was used for LOS. Covariates included were age, sex, BMI, and American Society of Anesthesiology class.

RESULTS:
A total of 1,222 laparoscopic cholecystectomies were performed between 2017 and 2021. Of these, 87 (7%) were SC. Male (p < 0.001) and older (p < 0.001) patients were more likely to undergo SC. Odds of postoperative ERC were higher in the SC group (odds ratio 9.79, 95% CI 5.90 to16.23, p < 0.001). There was no difference in preoperative ERC (17% vs 21%, p = 0.38). Reconstituting SC had lower odds of postoperative ERC (odds ratio 0.12, 95% CI 0.023 to 0.58, p = 0.009). LOS was 1.81 times higher in the SC group (p ≤ 0.001). Postoperative ERC was not associated with LOS (p = 0.24).

CONCLUSIONS:
We present one of the largest single-center series of SC. Patients who underwent SC are more likely to be male, older, have higher American Society of Anesthesiology class, and have increased LOS. SC should be performed when access to ERC and interventional radiology is available. In the absence of these adjuncts, reconstituting SC decreases the need for early ERC, but long-term outcomes are unknown.
Backspin inRuellia ciliatifloradoes not maximize seed dispersal range, but provides moderate dispersal range that is robust to launch conditions
Authors: Hesse-Withbroe Joseph L. , Whitaker Dwight L. 
Published: March 2024

Ruellia ciliatiflorais a perennial herb whose fruits explosively dehisce, launching their thin disc-like seeds over 6 m with a backspin up to 1660 Hz. While it has been previously shown that the backspin launch orientation minimizes the aerodynamic drag experienced by the seeds, it is not immediately obvious whether backspin is also the range-maximizing launch orientation. Here the three-dimensional equation of motion of a thin, spinning disc flying through a fluid medium was derived and solved numerically to simulate the flight of seeds ofR. ciliatifloraunder different launch conditions. Simulations of seed flights reveal that the range-maximizing launch orientation lies between sidespin and topspin, far from the backspin that is observed in nature. While this range-maximizing orientation results in dispersal ranges of nearly 10 m, the precise orientation is highly sensitive to other launch parameters, chiefly spin rate and launch angle. By contrast, backspin, which yields moderate dispersal ranges about 60% of the range-maximizing orientation, is robust to perturbations in launch parameters that the plant cannot precisely control.
The Microbiome of C. elegans Enhances Growth of S. aureus During Infection
Authors: Rossi Sydney G , Fisher Michael L 
Published: March 2024

Staphylococcus aureus is a significant human pathogen associated with a wide range of infections. The microbiome, consisting of diverse microbial communities, has been recognized as a critical factor in modulating host-pathogen interactions. This study aimed to investigate the role of the Caenorhabditis elegans microbiome in Staphylococcus aureus infection by transferring worms from the standard laboratory food source (OP50) or a microbiome sample to S. aureus cultures. Our findings revealed that the C. elegans microbiome paradoxically enhanced Staphylococcus aureus colonization, resulting in increased pathogen burden compared to worms transferred from E.coli OP50. These results underscore the importance of the microbiome in modulating host susceptibility.
Dynamin-2 Mutations Linked to Neonatal-onset Centronuclear Myopathy impair exocytosis and endocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells
Authors: Bayonés Lucas , Guerra-Fernández María José , Figueroa-Cares Cindel , Gallo Luciana I. , Alfonso-Bueno Samuel , Báez-Matus Ximena , González-Jamett Arlek , Cárdenas Ana M. , Marengo Fernando D. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTDynamins are large GTPases whose primary function is to catalyze membrane scission during endocytosis, but also modulate other cellular processes, such as actin polymerization and vesicle trafficking. Recently, we reported that centronuclear myopathy associated dynamin-2 mutations, p.A618T and p.S619L, impair Ca2+-induced exocytosis of GLUT4 containing vesicles in immortalized human myoblasts. As exocytosis and endocytosis occur within rapid timescales, here we applied high-temporal resolution techniques, such as patch-clamp capacitance measurements and carbon-fiber amperometry to assess the effects of these mutations on these two cellular processes using bovine chromaffin cells as a study model. We found that the expression of any of these dynamin-2 mutants inhibits a dynamin and F-actin dependent form of fast endocytosis triggered by single action potential stimulus, as well as inhibits a slow compensatory endocytosis induced by 500 ms square depolarization. Both dynamin-2 mutants further reduced the exocytosis induced by 500 ms depolarizations, and the frequency of release events and the recruitment of NPY-labelled vesicles to the cell cortex after stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with DMPP. They also provoked a significant decrease in the Ca2+-induced formation of new actin filaments in permeabilized chromaffin cells. In summary, our results indicate that the CNM- linked p.A618T and p.S619L mutations in dynamin-2 affect exocytosis and endocytosis, being the disruption of F-actin a possible explanation for these results. These impaired cellular processes might underlie the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these mutations.