bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Absolute neutral oil content of vegetable oils by radiochemical technique
Authors: Marcopoulos C. A. , Manolkidis K. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractLaboratory refining loss, determined by the chromatographic method, is checked by a radio‐chemical procedure. Neutral triglycerides are labeled with C14‐tripalmitate and passed through an alumina column to find out if the alumina retains a percentage of them.Cottonseed oil is also labeled and, by applying the calculations of the isotope dilution analysis, the absolute neutral oil content and therefore the theoretical refining loss are determined.The theoretical and the chromatographic refining losses are compared, and a relation between them is proposed for cottonseed oils.
Benzyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl esters ofalpha‐sulfo fatty acids
Authors: Bistline R. G. , Stirton A. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSodium salts of benzyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl esters of α‐sulfopelargonic, α‐sulfopalmitic, and α‐sulfostearic acids were prepared by reaction of the α‐sulfo acid with excess of the alcohol or phenol, in the presence of methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, benzene, or toluene. Synthesis from the acid chloride of the α‐sulfo acid gave lower yields of a less pure product.Melting point, surface and interfacial tension, critical micelle concentration, rate of hydrolysis and wetting, foaming and detergent properties were measured. The ring esters have properties similar to the corresponding propyl, butyl, or amyl esters.
Cottonseed oil and meal utilization
Authors: Decossas K. M. , Molaison L. J. , Kleppinger A. de B. , Laporte V. L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFor five consecutive years world‐wide production of cottonseed has set new highs, and cottonseed is more valuable as a source of food, feed, and fiber than ever before. However this paper is primarily concerned with the utilization of cottonseed oil and meal in the United States.During the three‐year period, 1963–65, U.S. farmers received about $300 million annually for 6.18 million tons of cottonseed. Annual U.S. crushings were 5.79 million tons, having produced 1.94 billion pounds of crude oil valued at $222 million, 2.72 million tons of meal valued at $174 million, and 1,609,700 running bales of linters valued at $41.2 million. Retail value of cottonseed products is estimated to have been $1.1 billion annually.Changes in the U.S. cottonseed industry include shifts westward, to fewer and larger extraction plants and to the use of new and improved extraction techniques which involve solvents and high‐speed expellers. The cottonseed extraction industry has a payroll of $38.2 million and consists of 188 oil mills in about 14 states, employing 8,400 people.Cottonseed oil accounted for 11.5% of total 1965 U.S. factory consumption of 12.7 billion pounds of fats and oils. Some 62% was used in salad or cooking oil, 27% in baking or frying fats, and 8% in margarine. During the 1960–65 period, usage increased in salad or cooking oils, in baking or frying fats, and in inedible products but decreased in margarine, mellorine, and other edible products. Increases exceeded decreases, and total consumption of cottonseed oil in edible and inedible products increased from 1.28 billion lb. to 1.47 billion lb.Practically all of the 2.76 million tons of cottonseed meal produced in the three‐year period beginning October 1963 was used for feed. Relatively insignificant amounts were used as fertilizer on farms of cotton growers. Cattle, sheep, horse, and mule rations consumed 1.88 million tons, poultry rations 440 thousand tons, and swine rations 350 thousand tons. Cottonseed meal in cattle rations has had a downward trend since the early 1950's although usage in poultry and swine rations has increased. It is estimated that 1.52 million tons were used by feed manufacturers in the preparation of mixed feeds during the 1964–65 season, representing a steady increase over the past two decades and a 54% increase over 1962–63.Domestic use of cottonseed flour has not changed appreciably during the past few years.
The ER‐associated degradation component Der1p and its homolog Dfm1p are contained in complexes with distinct cofactors of the ATPase Cdc48p
Authors: Goder Veit , Carvalho Pedro , Rapoport Tom A. 
Published: April 2008

MINT‐6491003:

Ufd1-SA (uniprotkb:P53044) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Der1-HA (uniprotkb:P38307) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6490940:

Der1-SA (uniprotkb:P38307) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Cdc48 (uniprotkb:P25694), Usa1 (uniprotkb:Q03714), Hrd3 (uniprotkb:Q05787), Hrd1 (uniprotkb:Q08109), Ubx2 (uniprotkb:Q04228), Yos9 (uniprotkb:Q99220), Npl4 (uniprotkb:P33755) and Ufd1 (uniprotkb:P53044) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6490972:

Dfm1-CA (uniprotkb:Q12743) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Ubx7 (uniprotkb:P38349), Ubx1 (uniprotkb:P34223), Kar2 (uniprotkb:P16474), Npl4 (uniprotkb:P33755), Yos9 (uniprotkb:Q99220),Ubx2 (uniprotkb:Q04228), Hrd1 (uniprotkb:Q08109), Hrd3 (uniprotkb:Q05787), Usa1 (uniprotkb:Q03714) and Cdc48 (uniprotkb:P25694) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6491016:

Ufd1-SA (uniprotkb:P53044) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Dfm1-HA (uniprotkb:Q12743) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6491041:

Ubx7-SA (uniprotkb:P38349) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Dfm1-HA (uniprotkb:Q12743) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6490909:

Dfm1-CA (uniprotkb:Q12743) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Dfm1-HA (uniprotkb:Q12743) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6491029:

Ubx1-SA (uniprotkb:P34223) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Dfm1-HA (uniprotkb:Q12743) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
MINT‐6490896:

Der1-SA (uniprotkb:P38307) physically interacts (MI:0218) with Der1-HA (uniprotkb:P38307) by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (MI:0007)
Towards patterns tree of gene coexpression in eukaryotic species
Authors: Wang Haiyun , Wang Qi , Li Xia , Shen Bairong , Ding Min , Shen Ziyin 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Cellular pathways behave coordinated regulation activity, and some reported works also have affirmed that genes in the same pathway have similar expression pattern. However, the complexity of biological systems regulation actually causes expression relationships between genes to display multiple patterns, such as linear, non-linear, local, global, linear with time-delayed, non-linear with time-delayed, monotonic and non-monotonic, which should be the explicit representation of cellular inner regulation mechanism in mRNA level. To investigate the relationship between different patterns, our work aims to systematically reveal gene-expression relationship patterns in cellular pathways and to check for the existence of dominating gene-expression pattern. By a large scale analysis of genes expression in three eukaryotic species, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Caenorhabditis elegans and Human, we constructed gene coexpression patterns tree to systematically and hierarchically illustrate the different patterns and their interrelations.
Results: The results show that the linear is the dominating expression pattern in the same pathway. The time-shifted pattern is another important relationship pattern. Many genes from the different pathway also present coexpression patterns. The non-linear, non-monotonic and time-delayed relationship patterns reflect the remote interactions between the genes in cellular processes. Gene coexpression phenomena in the same pathways are diverse in different species. Genes in S.cerevisiae and C.elegans present strong coexpression relationships, especially in C.elegans, coexpression is more universal and stronger due to its special array of genes. However in Human, gene coexpression is not apparent and the human genome involves more complicated functional relationships. In conclusion, different patterns corresponding to different coordinating behaviors coexist. The patterns trees of different species give us comprehensive insight and understanding of genes expression activity in the cellular society.
Contact: whywhy_flying@163.com; wtq_flying@hotmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Naphthoquinone-Dependent Generation of Superoxide Radicals by Quinone Reductase Isolated from the Plasma Membrane of Soybean
Authors: Schopfer Peter , Heyno Eiri , Drepper Friedel , Krieger-Liszkay Anja 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Using a tetrazolium-based assay, a NAD(P)H oxidoreductase was purified from plasma membranes prepared from soybean (Glycine max) hypocotyls. The enzyme, a tetramer of 85 kD, produces O2 ·− by a reaction that depended on menadione or several other 1,4-naphthoquinones, in apparent agreement with a classification as a one-electron-transferring flavoenzyme producing semiquinone radicals. However, the enzyme displayed catalytic and molecular properties of obligatory two-electron-transferring quinone reductases of the DT-diaphorase type, including insensitivity to inhibition by diphenyleneiodonium. This apparent discrepancy was clarified by investigating the pH-dependent reactivity of menadionehydroquinone toward O2 and identifying the protein by mass spectrometry and immunological techniques. The enzyme turned out to be a classical NAD(P)H:quinone-acceptor oxidoreductase (EC 1.6.5.2, formerly 1.6.99.2) that reduces menadione to menadionehydroquinone and subsequently undergoes autoxidation at pH ≥ 6.5. Autoxidation involves the production of the semiquinone as an intermediate, creating the conditions for one-electron reduction of O2. The possible function of this enzyme in the generation of O2 ·− and H2O2 at the plasma membrane of plants in vivo is discussed.
Functional Redundancy and New Roles for Genes of the Autonomous Floral-Promotion Pathway
Authors: Veley Kira M. , Michaels Scott D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe early-flowering habit of rapid-cycling accessions of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) is, in part, due to the genes of the autonomous floral-promotion pathway (AP). The AP promotes flowering by repressing expression of the floral inhibitor FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC). AP mutants are therefore late flowering due to elevated levels of FLC, and this late-flowering phenotype is eliminated by loss-of-function mutations in FLC. To further investigate the role of the AP, we created a series of double mutants. In contrast to the phenotypes of single mutants, which are largely limited to delayed flowering, a subset of AP double mutants show a range of defects in growth and development. These phenotypes include reduced size, chlorophyll content, growth rate, and fertility. Unlike the effects of the AP on flowering time, these phenotypes are FLC independent. Recent work has also shown that two AP genes, FCA and FPA, are required for the repression and, in some cases, proper DNA methylation of two transposons. We show that similar effects are seen for all AP genes tested. Microarray analysis of gene expression in AP single and double mutants, however, suggests that the AP is not likely to play a broad role in the repression of gene expression through DNA methylation: very few of the genes that have been reported to be up-regulated in DNA methylation mutants are misexpressed in AP mutants. Together, these data indicate that the genes of the AP play important and sometimes functionally redundant roles in aspects of development in addition to flowering time.
HD-ZIP III Activity Is Modulated by Competitive Inhibitors via a Feedback Loop inArabidopsisShoot Apical Meristem Development
Authors: Kim Youn-Sung , Kim Sang-Gyu , Lee Minsun , Lee Ilha , Park Hye-Young , Seo Pil Joon , Jung Jae-Hoon , Kwon Eun-Jung , Suh Se Won , Paek Kyung-Hee , Park Chung-Mo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractShoot apical meristem (SAM) development is coordinately regulated by two interdependent signaling events: one maintaining stem cell identity and the other governing the initiation of lateral organs from the flanks of the SAM. The signaling networks involved in this process are interconnected and are regulated by multiple molecular mechanisms. Class III homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-ZIP III) proteins are the most extensively studied transcription factors involved in this regulation. However, how different signals are integrated to maintain stem cell identity and to pattern lateral organ polarity remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that a small ZIP protein, ZPR3, and its functionally redundant homolog, ZPR4, negatively regulate the HD-ZIP III activity in SAM development. ZPR3 directly interacts with PHABULOSA (PHB) and other HD-ZIP III proteins via the ZIP motifs and forms nonfunctional heterodimers. Accordingly, a double mutant, zpr3-2 zpr4-2, exhibits an altered SAM activity with abnormal stem cell maintenance. However, the mutant displays normal patterning of leaf polarity. In addition, we show that PHB positively regulates ZPR3 expression. We therefore propose that HD-ZIP III activity in regulating SAM development is modulated by, among other things, a feedback loop involving the competitive inhibitors ZPR3 and ZPR4.
Knowledge creation and dissemination in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Ha Louisa , Nnajiofor Okigbo Raphael , Igboaka Primus 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this experimental study is to examine the effects of using broadband internet technology for creating and disseminating agricultural knowledge in Nigeria. A free broadband service Knowledge Center was established in the village of Ihiala with volunteer college students aiding the farmers in using the internet.Design/methodology/approachPre‐ and post‐test interviews of a panel of female farmers were conducted before and after the establishment of a free broadband internet access service center and experimental web site. A survey of another 97 farmers in the village was conducted to examine awareness and perception of the Knowledge Center.FindingsThe data from the interviews show that farmers who visited the experimental web site evaluated the site positively as giving them relevant knowledge. Most importantly, the broadband service facility was unanimously rated by the users as a great place for socializing with and learning from other fellow farmers. They all encouraged their friends and relatives to use the center and said they would miss the center if it was discontinued.Research limitation/implicationsThe limited funding can only examine the short‐term impact of the technology on the farmers. The demonstration of broadband internet's potential as an infrastructure in facilitating the creation and dissemination of knowledge among Nigerian farmers through this experiment can be deemed successful.Practical implicationsCustomized information and socialization functions in a knowledge creation program are important to win the support of farmers.Originality/valueThis study is the first empirical study to examine the effects of technology on knowledge creation and dissemination based on a collaborative knowledge creation model.
How failure to align organizational climate and leadership style affects performance
Authors: Døjbak Haakonsson Dorthe , Burton Richard M. , Obel Børge , Lauridsen Jørgen 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate how misalignments between the organizational climate (measured as information‐processing demand) and the leadership style (measured as information‐processing capability) may result in negative performance consequences.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical part of the paper is based on questionnaire data. Key informant is the CEO and thus there is a focus on the CEO's perception of climate and leadership style. Data are subjected to regression analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that misalignments between climate and leadership style are problematic for organizational performance. This is supported by the empirical findings that show partial support for three out of four hypotheses and full support for the fourth hypothesis.Research limitations/implicationsData cover information on Danish small‐ and medium‐sized firms. These cross‐sectional data and cannot study the effects of misalignments over time.Practical implicationsBecause the findings show that misalignments between climate and leadership style are problematic to organizational level of performance, this implies that in case of misfits either the climate or the leadership style must be changed.Originality/valueThe main contribution of the paper is that the framework allows an explicit understanding of which managerial actions are needed to manage particular types of climate. Further, the framework enables an understanding of how misalignments may result in poor performance.
Applying ANP approach to partner selection for strategic alliance
Authors: Chen Sheu‐Hua , Lee Hong‐Tau , Wu Yi‐Fen 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to establish a mechanism for partner selection via adapting relative weights of criteria according to the priority of motivations for establishing strategic alliance.Design/methodology/approachThe analytic network process (ANP) approach derived from the idea of the Markov chain is employed to deal with this dynamic situation and to establish a partner selection mechanism. With this approach, the priority of motivations and the relative importance of criteria are determined simultaneously.FindingsAlthough choosing an appropriate partner is an important variable influencing success of alliance, attempts to identify a universal list of criteria and their corresponding relative importance which enterprises should employ when seeking a proper partner would be futile since the objectives of forging alliances vary depending on specific motivations. Based on this iterative review approach proposed in this paper, a proper weight setting for these criteria is available and will comply with the original motivation for establishing the strategic alliance. This is essential for selecting an appropriate partner for establishing an alliance that matches the original motivation.Research limitations/implicationsThe limitation of this research is the neglect of the possible inner dependence among criteria and sub‐criteria, although that can be coped with by choosing them properly.Practical implicationsThe content of motivations and criteria as well as their priority and weightings may vary with different kinds of alliances or situations. The partner evaluation and selection mechanism proposed in this paper can meet different situations by adapting the relative weights of criteria and attributes according to the relationship between the criteria and motivations for every particular situation, thus enabling decision‐makers to think more comprehensively before conducting a selection process. If the priority of the motivations obtained from the mechanism is consistent with that set initially, the relative weights of these criteria can then be employed to evaluate the candidate partners in the selection mechanism. If it is not, the decision maker should reconsider the weighting process or measure again the relative weights for the criteria before conducting the evaluation and selection processes to avoid selecting an inappropriate partner that runs contrary to the original motivations.Originality/valueThe emphasis is on the interdependence between motivations and criteria for partner selection. This paper systematically deals with the interdependence of these two factors. Based on this iterative review approach proposed in this paper, a proper weight setting for these criteria is available and will comply with the original motivation for establishing the strategic alliance.
Operationalising critically reflective work behaviour
Authors: van Woerkom Marianne , Croon Marcel 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to operationalise critical reflection. Although critical reflection is widely recognised as a crucial element in individual and organisational learning, not many instruments exist to measure critical reflection in the context of work organisations.Design/methodology/approachCritical reflection was operationalised by using a combination of a literature review and a survey.FindingsCritically reflective work behaviour was defined as a set of connected activities carried out individually or in interaction with others, aimed at optimising individual or collective practices, or critically analysing and trying to change organizational or individual values. Based on the survey, an instrument was developed for measuring six dimensions of critically reflective work behaviour, namely, critical opinion‐sharing, asking for feedback, challenging group‐think, openness about mistakes, experimentation and career awareness.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research should focus on the predictive validity of the instrument by relating it to performance appraisals from supervisors or to ratings of innovative behaviour. Further research could also focus on inter‐rater reliability by contrasting self‐ratings with ratings from colleagues and supervisors.Practical implicationsIn combination with an instrument measuring organisational climate, the instrument may play a role in relating the work behaviour of employees to job characteristics and perceptions of organisational climate.Originality/valueThe concept of critically reflective work behaviour focuses on the role of the behaviour of all employees in the organisation in becoming a learning company.
Flexibility through HRM in management consulting firms
Authors: Carvalho Ana , Cabral‐Cardoso Carlos 
Published: April 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to examine how functional and numerical flexibility can be successfully combined without workforce segmentation or flexible employment contracts, by implementing a highly integrated human resource management (HRM) system.Design/methodology/approachSix case studies were conducted between January 2002 and June 2003 in Portuguese affiliates of multinational management consulting firms using a grounded theory approach.FindingsEvidence from the case studies showed that some of these companies were able to explore both functional and numerical flexibility in a combined and interdependent way, by operating a tightly run and highly coordinated set of HRM practices geared towards the development of internal labour markets.Research limitations/implicationsThe study uses a sample of large multinational companies in a single sector, which limits the scope of these findings.Practical implicationsIt is suggested that a strategy combining numerical and functional flexibility through an integrated set of HRM policies and practices will be more effective than segmenting the workforce or choosing between those two sources of flexibility.Originality/valueThe paper presents a new breadth for the role of HRM in achieving flexibility. Theoretically, it challenges the established notion that commitment‐based HRM serves only functional flexibility and that numerical flexibility can only be achieved through precarious employment.