bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Water-Enhanced Turbofan condenser sizing considering configuration and operating conditions
Authors: Ziegler P. , Simson C. , Arzberger T. , Woitalka A. , Nöske F. , Kaiser S. , Gümmer V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Water-Enhanced Turbofan is a promising aero engine propulsion concept that could reduce the climate impact of aviation significantly by combining the conventional Joule/Brayton cycle with a Clausius-Rankine steam cycle. One important component with a high impact on the overall performance is the condenser, a heat exchanger cooling the core exhaust for water recovery. The design conditions for the Water-Enhanced Turbofan condenser have not been analysed from a system perspective in previous studies. Therefore, these operating conditions, which can be decisive for the dimensioning of the condenser, are investigated in the present work. These operating conditions include ambient temperature variations, different cruise altitudes, maximum cruise thrust and contrail avoidance. A conceptual design engine model is set up in the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) framework, incorporating a multi-point design scheme. The heat exchangers are modelled using a neural network surrogate model. The results show a trade-off between engine fuel burn and the cold size frontal area of the condenser, the latter being an indication for the integrability. It is shown that high ambient temperatures pose a challenge to the condenser design, necessitating consideration of such operating conditions in new engine concepts based on heat exchange with the environment. The condenser designed for typical cruise at 15K above standard atmosphere at 35,000 ft cruise altitude, enables sustained water cycle operations down to 10,000 ft under standard day conditions. Additionally, the complete cruise segment of the design mission can be flown with sustained water cycle operations at 10K above standard atmosphere conditions. A positive side effect of the condenser sizing for hot day conditions is that the probability of contrail formation is reduced because the condenser design results in excess water recovery at colder ambient conditions.
Role of clinical pharmacist in ensuring safe medication practices for pediatric cardiac care in low- and middle-income countries
Authors: Batool Aniqa , Sangi Rumana , Yousuf Jibran Bin , Shaikh Abdul Sattar , Mohsin Muhammad 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives:
Medication safety is critical for pediatric cardiac care, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where limited resources contribute to high rates of medication errors. Studies in LMICs have shown that pharmacist interventions can reduce medication errors by up to 57% and proved that clinical pharmacists are essential for ensuring accurate and optimized medication use. This study aims to evaluate the role of clinical pharmacist interventions to rectify prescription errors in a pediatric cardiac care setting in Pakistan.

Methods:
This single-center retrospective study was conducted from January to August 2022 in a pediatric cardiac ward at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases. Pediatric patients of all age groups and genders diagnosed with acquired, inherited, or congenital heart diseases were included. We reviewed patient files for any prescription changes made by the clinical pharmacist, based on a comprehensive review of the patient profile, treatment regimens, and laboratory results, to ensure safe and effective pharmacotherapy.

Results:
260 pharmacist interventions were observed among 2754 patients over eight months, demonstrating a significant role in mitigating medication errors. The interventions addressed wrong doses (126), incorrect frequencies (101), redundant coverage (23), and therapy duration errors (8). Antibiotics were the most frequent source of prescription errors, accounting for 81% of the interventions.

Conclusion:
Clinical pharmacists’ involvement in pediatric cardiac care significantly reduces medication errors in LMICs, as demonstrated by this study. These findings underscore the need to integrate clinical pharmacists into multidisciplinary teams to enhance medication safety and improve patient outcomes.
The Travel Visa as the Ubiquitous Legal Infrastructure of Everyday Global Mobility Arbitrariness
Authors: Mégret Frédéric 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMuch work has been produced on the passport and on exceptional regimes of mobility, notably asylum or permanent immigration. There has, by contrast, been less research on that intermediary, ubiquitous legal device that is the visa, a fundamental manifestation of state discretion, a major source of arbitrariness, and a constant assertion of power over moving bodies. The visa is a manifestation of and is embedded in a deeper infrastructure of limited global mobility. Adopting a global and comparative perspective, this Article seeks to analyze the politics of the visa as the indispensable sesame of international travel but also as the ultimate manifestation of that infrastructure’s arbitrariness. The Article highlights an ideal type of the visa especially as it is deployed towards “at risk” categories, emphasizing the sort of performance it requires from applicants in adapting to the system’s demands as they are relayed by officials, corporations and, increasingly, algorithms and artificial intelligence. It will highlight the constraints of applying for the visa, its temporal frames, its assorted conditions, and its denial and possibilities of contestation thereof. The Article contends that, globally, the visa is the key legal infrastructure to channel systemic discrimination, frustrate professional and cultural opportunities, and keep families apart in ways that entrench class and racial divides.
The Legal Infrastructures of UK Border Control—Cerberus and the Dispositif of Speculative Suspicion
Authors: Sullivan Gavin , Van Den Meerssche Dimitri 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe promise of artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly invoked to ‘revolutionize’ practices of global security governance, including in the domain of border control. Legal scholarship tends to confront these changes by foregrounding the rule of law challenges associated with nascent forms of governance by data, and by imposing new regulatory standards. Yet, little is known about how these algorithmic systems are already reconfiguring legal norms and processes, while generating novel security techniques and practices for knowing and governing “risk” before the border. Exploring these questions, this article makes three important contributions to the literature. On an empirical level, it provides an original socio-legal study of the processes constructing and implementing Cerberus – an AI-based risk-analysis platform deployed by the UK Home Office. This analysis provides unique insight into the institutional frictions, legal mediations and emergent governance formations involved in the introduction of this algorithmic bordering system. On a methodological level, the article directly engages with the focus on ‘legal infrastructures’ in this special issue. It uses an original approach (infra-legalities) which follows how legal and infrastructural elements are relationally and materially tied together in practice. Rather than trying to conceptually settle the relation between law and infrastructure – or qualifying law as a sui generis infrastructure – the article traces incipient modes of governmentality and regulatory ordering in which both legal and infrastructural elements are metabolized. In its account of Cerberus, the article analyzes this emergent composition as a dispositif of speculative suspicion. Finally, on a normative and political level, the article signals the significant stakes involved in this algorithmic enactment of risk. It shows how prevailing regulatory tropes revolving around ‘debiasing’ and retention of a ‘human in the loop’ offer a limited register of remedy, and work to amplify the reach of Cerberus. We conclude with reflections on critiquing algorithmic systems like Cerberus through the emergent infrastructural relations they enact.
Legal Infrastructures: Towards a Conceptual Framework
Authors: Byrne William Hamilton , Gammeltoft-Hansen Thomas , Stappert Nora 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis Article provides the outline for a conceptual framework focusing on legal infrastructures, comprised of socio-material assemblages and entangled legal normativities that both enable and constrain human societies. Section A introduces the growing transdisciplinary field of infrastructural studies, which employs the notion of infrastructure as a tool for analyzing the constitutive relationship between society and essential material structures. It then draws out the analytical conjunction of law and infrastructure in the role ascribed to law within existing applications of infrastructural studies and the nascent engagement with infrastructural theory within the legal discipline itself. Part II develops a conceptual framework on legal infrastructures, outlining three avenues for how thinking infrastructurally may yield new perspectives on the dynamic relationship between law, social practices, and socio-technical materiality; (a) legal infrastructures as socio-material formations that generate societal effects (b) legal infrastructures as schemes of social practice that recursively entangle to produce new configurations, and (c) legal infrastructures as distributing norms across transnational and regime boundaries.
Unruly Practices at the Border: From Mobility Regimes to Infrastructures in Latin America
Authors: Jiménez Laurence Andrea , Hoffmann Florian F. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe aim of this Article is to present a general and nonexhaustive overview of the legal infrastructures that configure cross-border movement in Latin America. It draws on the mobility approach, regime interaction, and—legal—infrastructural studies, which, together, provide a tentative analytical framework for the legal infrastructuring processes that we observe around border regulation in Latin America, an, arguably, understudied but core mobility hotspot. We present—in the form of several vignettes—different outcomes of infrastucturing processes which either enable or impede cross border mobility. This approach reveals the dynamic nature of law surrounding mobility and its apparent contradictions and unintended consequences. It concludes that the shift to an infrastructural account of the law can help us gain a more holistic and, therefore, more realistic understanding of how the law works over time, how it infrastructures crossborder mobility beyond and sometimes against states’ intentions and expectations, and how people on the move have more agency than the snapshot image of—forced—migration law conveys.
The “Hairs of Hope”: Toward a Fuller Understanding of the Legal, Material, and Social Infrastructure of Infrastructure
Authors: Valverde Mariana 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe article has the main aim of utilizing the literature on “fragment urbanism” and case studies in infrastructure from the global South to question the notion—dear to the World Bank and the IMF—that the global South ought to follow the North’s lead in aiming at “the modern infrastructure ideal,” that is, a series of integrated nation-wide networks. That model suits certain needs—electricity, phone service, perhaps Internet—but it doesn’t always work, even if funding can be found, for many other infrastructure needs. What is often thought of as “informal” solutions may in fact deploy more site-specific and community-specific techniques and tools.The article also shows that even in the global North’s most advanced capitalist countries, the lack of overall planning and the absence of needs assessments done before choosing which projects will go ahead mean that infrastructure provision and governance is far more fragmented than the “modern” ideal would suggest. The fact that major projects are usually financed separately, often having their own credit rating, encourages a way of non-evidence based planning that is rife for political interference in infrastructure decision-making. The “art of the deal” is in fact the model for infrastructure projects these days, not the ‘seeing like a state’ that characterized many projects in the post-World War II era.
Breakdowns at the Border: Legal Infrastructures and Political Polarization
Authors: Ramji-Nogales Jaya 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis Article examines the role of political polarization in contributing to acute infrastructural dysfunction. It begins by applying an infrastructural lens to the study of law, identifying the synergies and tensions inherent in that conversation. The second section investigates the components of a functional border legal infrastructure from a range of perspectives, seeking to understand the performative role of the border. The Article next presents three case studies of politically polarized border legal infrastructures, highlighting material, relational, and distributional elements. Drawing from those examples, the Article then unpacks the role of law as border infrastructure, highlighting the contribution that a legal perspective can offer to the infrastructures literature. This section examines the layers of law involved in border infrastructures, including international, regional, and bilateral; the regulatory role of national law in constructing and governing infrastructures; and the jurisdictional functions of law in allocating the political and financial authority that are essential to the effective operation of infrastructures. This analysis highlights the role of discretion and opacity, as well as political polarization, in setting the stage for infrastructural breakdown. The Article ends by reflecting on the recursive relationship between politics and law in border infrastructures, examining how that dynamic creates and manifests failures, dysfunction, and acute breakdown.
Automated surveillance of hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia: feasibility and epidemiological results from a Dutch multicenter study
Authors: Brekelmans Manon A.C.M. , Vlek Anne L.M. , van Dijk Yvonne , Smilde Annelies E. , Weersink Annemarie J.L. , Wunderink Herman F. , Boon Hanneke , Vainio Saara , Bril Wendy S. , Kluytmans Jan A.J.W. , Bonten Marc J.M. , van Mourik Maaike S.M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective:
Hospital-onset bacteremia and fungemia (HOB) has been suggested as a suitable and automatable surveillance target to include in surveillance programs, however differences in definitions across studies limit interpretation and large-scale implementation. We aimed to apply an automated surveillance system for HOB in multiple hospitals using a consensus definition, and describe HOB rates.

Design and setting:
Retrospective cohort study in four Dutch hospitals: 1 tertiary hospital and 3 secondary hospitals.

Patients:
All patients admitted for at least one overnight stay between 2017 and 2021 were included, except patients in psychiatry wards.

Methods:
Data from the electronic health records and laboratory information system were used to identify HOBs based on the PRAISE consensus definition. HOB rates were calculated at ward and micro-organism-level.

Results:
Hospital-wide HOB rates varied from 1.0 to 1.9, and ICU rates varied from of 8.2 to 12.5 episodes per 1000 patient days. The median time between admission and HOB was 8–13 days. HOBs were predominantly caused by Enterobacterales, Enterococci, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. Longitudinal HOB surveillance detected differences over time at ward and micro-organism level; for example increased HOB rates were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated the impact of assumptions regarding the collection of confirmatory blood cultures for common commensals.

Conclusions:
Applying a fully automated definition for HOB surveillance was feasible in multiple centers with different data infrastructures, and enabled detection of differences over time at ward and micro-organism-level. HOB surveillance may lead to prevention initiatives in the future.
Are migrants more satisfied with their lives than stayers? Evidence from a multi-site and intergenerational study
Authors: Eroğlu Şebnem 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This article investigates the life satisfaction consequences of migration through unique comparisons of “settler” migrants spanning three family generations and multiple European destinations with their “stayer” and “returnee” counterparts based in the origin country of Turkey. The data are drawn from 5,980 personal interviews conducted as part of the pioneering 2000 Families Survey. The results show that despite being monetarily the most impoverished across all destinations and generations studied, the settlers tend to be more satisfied with their lives than the “stayers” and the “returnees.” However, a downward trend is observed among younger generations, irrespective of their migration status and country context. The results confirm the significance of poverty and asset status for migrants’ and their descendants’ appraisal of life, as well as highlighting the independent effect of the context. Strikingly, however, those residing in countries with more generous welfare states proved not necessarily to be more satisfied.
Shifting toward progressive and balanced interaction: A longitudinal corpus study of children’s responses to Who-questions in Japanese
Authors: Tatsumi Tomoko , Pine Julian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Children’s speech becomes longer and more complex as they develop, but the reasons for this have been insufficiently studied. This study examines how changing linguistic choices in children are linked to interactive factors by analysing Who-question sequences in Japanese child–caregiver conversations. The interactive factors in focus are progressivity and balanced joint activity, which are core aspects of conversational interaction. Our analysis reveals that as children respond to Who-questions, their responses grow in length and multifunctionality. This growth is positively associated with progressivity, namely a quicker completion of the question sequence, and reduced functional load in the interlocutor’s contributions, resulting in more balanced joint activity. These findings suggest that children adapt their linguistic choices by observing and aligning them with their interactive goals in conversational sequences.
Duplication Deficiency of an X-Chromosome with and Without 45,X Mosaicism in Three Girls — Cytogenetic, Clinical, and Hormonal Findings
Authors: Schwanitz G. , Tietze H. U. , Pfeiffer R. A. , Grosse K. P. , Becker H. , Egger H. 
Published: February 2025

In three girls, aged 14, 15 and 16 years, the chromosome analysis revealed a morphologically abnormal, enlarged X-chromosome resembling in size and centromere position the chromosome no. 2. The translocation points were different in all three cases. The Barr-bodies were enlarged. In two girls a 45,X mosaicism (25% and 10%) was found in lymphocyte cultures.The length at birth was 43, 47 and 48 cm, and none of the girls was born before term. The main clinical abnormalities in all three cases were a marked growth retardation, slight morphological dysplasias, lack of sexual development and social immaturity. GH and Cortisol secretion during an insulin tolerance test were normal. LH and FSH were elevated and showed an exaggerated reaction on LH-RH. Oestrogens were low normal and androgens within the normal range. At laparatomy the gonads were found to be streak gonads. For two girls cell cultures of gonadal tissue were set up? the chromosome findings of which corresponded to those of the lymphocyte cultures.The abnormality of the gonosomes reported here seems to represent a special form of gonadal dysgenesis. Although the translocation points were different in the three patients and one had no mosaic, while the other two showed 45,X/46,XX mosaicism, the clinical and hormonal findings were nearly the same for all three girls.
Force control of motion teaching suit using serial-connected pneumatic artificial muscles for actuation and estimation
Authors: Miyazaki Tetsuro , Tomita Yoshihide , Kawashima Kenji 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Machine – human interaction systems have been proposed to improve motion learning efficiency. We developed a pneumatic-driven motion teaching system that provides feedback to the learner by simultaneously presenting visual and torque information. We achieved a lightweight, soft, and user-safety haptic system using a pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM). The PAM’s shrink force was estimated based on its characteristic model and the suit link system, and the suit generated external torque. However, accurate force control was challenging due to the time delay of the feedback control, the loosening of the soft suit, and modeling errors of the driving PAM caused by hysteresis. To improve the force control performance of the motion teaching suit, this article’s contributions are to develop a novel suit in which PAMs for drive and force estimation are connected in series and implement a 2-degree-of-freedom (DOF) force control system using force estimation values in this suit and to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed hardware and software. This article contains three topics: (a) the development of novel suit hardware, (b) force estimation using a sealed small PAM, and (c) a proposal of force control using a 2-DOF controller. The effect of loosening the soft suit is reduced in the novel-developed suit. A sealed small PAM with small deformation and little hysteresis is adopted for force estimation. The time delay in feedback control is decreased by adopting the proposed novel 2-DOF control. Finally, the proposed suit and its control system were evaluated in experiments and achieved the desired performance.
Dynamics of Surface Cold Patch off the Korean Peninsula Cape: Driven by Upwelling
Authors: Zhang Jiachen , Huang Hao , Chen Xueen , Gao Zhen , Yuan Chunxin , Zhang Zheen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSurface cold patches (SCPs) are important hydrological phenomena in the Yellow Sea (YS). We investigate the dynamics behind the appearance of the SCP off the Korean Peninsula Cape during summer. The numerical model results revealed that upwelling is the primary mechanism of SCP formation in this region. On one hand, the 3D vorticity balance of the dynamic processes of the SCP indicated that the combined effect of the tides and the baroclinic pressure gradient enhances dissipation in the bottom boundary layer, leading to seawater convergence in the bottom layer west of the tidal front and divergence east of the tidal front, forming a stable frontal secondary circulation and resulting in the formation of upwelling. On the other hand, the offshore transport, which is triggered by the Jeju Warm Current and persists throughout the year in the strait, leads to a divergence of seawater within the region. The joint effect of the above two processes ultimately contributes to the generation of upwelling. The presence of upwelling forces the thermocline to be changed. Strong tidal upwelling triggers the upward ventilating of the thermocline, which can bring cold water to the surface, and the dome‐like upwarp of the thermocline isotherms caused by the current‐induced upwelling, together lead to the formation of the SCP.