bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Five Competing Jeremiads
Authors: Murphy Andrew R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter develops a distinction between two ways of understanding and interpreting the American jeremiad's lament over the present, evocation of the past, and call for reform and renewal. Traditionalist jeremiads understand the past's value to lie in concrete social practices and traditions, and lament the community's falling‐away from those practices. Their political agenda, accordingly, involves recapturing key elements of social reality as, in their understanding, it once existed. Progressive jeremiads, while similarly lamenting present conditions, look to the past not for concrete practices to emulate, but for fundamental principles lying at the heart of American nationhood. The realization of those principles, according the progressive jeremiad, has been repeatedly thwarted, and thus its vision for the future involves realizing such ideals in new and different circumstances. The chapter illustrates these two types of jeremiad by considering the Christian Right (traditionalist) and Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass (progressive.) Rooted in different ways of understanding and engaging with the past, these two types of jeremiads offer sharply contrasting visions for the American future.
Children’s Experiences and Perspectives
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter describes the perspectives and experiences of school-aged children in foster care as a result of parental methamphetamine misuse. Children reported exposure not only to their parents' and non-kin adults' methamphetamine and other substance misuse, but to a constellation of activities related to drug use or drug-seeking behavior including violence within their homes and other criminal behavior. Children responded to the contexts in which they were reared in a variety of ways including accepting or actively resisting socialization messages that normalized substance misuse. The majority of children described involvement with law enforcement and child welfare as a “sad” and “scary” time in their families. Far from embracing their placement in safe and stable families, many children continued to express sadness, distress, and resistance to legal and child welfare interventions even after months in foster care. Implications for facilitating the adjustment of children to foster care and beyond are discussed, including providing foster parents with support and information about the contexts in which children have been reared, and children's understanding of those contexts in order that they may interpret and respond to challenges that may emerge.
Narrative of a Midwestern Psychiatrist
Authors: Haight Wendy , Ostler Teresa , Black James , Kingery Linda 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses the rural methamphetamine crisis through the eyes of a Midwestern psychiatrist with over fifteen years experience working with diverse individuals affected by methamphetamine misuse. The account provides a flavor of psychiatric practice in rural Illinois during the methamphetamine crisis of the 1990s and 2000s, and echoes the accounts of mothers, children, and other knowledgeable adults presented in earlier chapters.
Structuralism
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Structuralists contend that interpreters can avoid moral judgments in hard cases by reflecting on the structures of government, i.e., the Constitution's overall arrangement of offices, powers, and relationships. The Constitution's leading structural principles include federalism, separation of powers, and democracy. This chapter shows that Americans have always disagreed on structural questions and their implications for the constitutional rights of individuals. Interpreters cannot avoid philosophic responsibilities through noncontroversial inferences from the Constitution's structures. A responsible approach to structural questions demands a fusion of historical, philosophic, and scientific inquiry. It cannot avoid philosophic reflection and choices.
Doctrinalism and Minimalism
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Doctrinalists contend that interpreters can avoid the burdens and responsibilities of philosophic reflection and choice in hard cases by reflecting on bodies of judicial doctrines developed through a process of deciding one case at a time. That doctrinalism offers no escape from philosophic reflection and choice is evident in the different interpretations of virtually any long-standing judicial doctrine, like the “separate but equal” doctrine applied in Plessy v. Ferguson and repudiated in Brown v. Board of Education. This chapter shows that doctrinalism cannot avoid controversial moral and philosophic choices in hard cases. The same is true of judicial “minimalism”, a pragmatic variation on doctrinalism whereby judges would narrowly decide one case at a time. The chapter shows that minimalism itself is a form of philosophic approach, or what Cass Sunstein, minimalism's leading proponent, calls “perfectionism”.
Pragmatism
Authors: Barber Sotirios A. , Fleming James E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Leading pragmatists including Stanley Fish and Richard Posner have argued that the philosophic approach is fruitless because moral philosophy is a fruitless activity; indeed, they have challenged the entire enterprise of constitutional interpretation, rejecting the assumptions underlying it and claiming to expose the “myths” of the rule of law. This chapter shows the incoherence of practical pragmatism (Posner's pragmatism) and the admitted political impotence of purely theoretical pragmatism (Fish's pragmatism). It also rejects pragmatists' claim to explain legal phenomena scientifically. But the chapter doesn't quarrel with all that pragmatism stands for. It rejects the skepticism of pragmatism's leading figures about constitutional meaning and the duty of judges and other interpreters to pursue that meaning through a self-critical process best represented by the philosophic approach. The chapter has no quarrel with pragmatism's instrumental view of law in general, for legal instrumentalism, without more, is perfectly compatible with the philosophic approach to constitutional meaning.
Where Do We Look for Reputation?
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter examines the structure and membership of a person’s reputational network, including its size, density, and patterning. It sketches the life-span dynamics of reputational networks, with some members being recruited to it as others depart. On the one hand, compared to the global population, the membership of any person’s reputational network is relatively small and interrelated; from this network perspective, “it’s a small village.” On the other hand, reputational information courses through certain network bridges that link together and expand a person’s potential network through relatively isolated ties to others, generating the capacity for rapid, widespread, and often untraceable reputational information flow. In this sense, a possibly global scale of fame appears to be perhaps not too unattainable; thus, from this network perspective, “it’s a small world.”
Person Bins—Assembling Information According to Specific Persons
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe theme of this chapter deals with the ways in which each member of a person’s reputational network gathers and cumulates impressions, beliefs, and evaluations about that specifically identifiable person. The resulting network of cognitive nodes, or person bins, constitutes the distributive facet of reputation. The chapter reviews dynamic features of personal perception and cognition, such as the negativity bias. The domain of disreputable acts is explored by examining outcomes of legal actions for defamation. These analyses suggest that disreputable acts tend to fall within the categories of specific personality dispositions, such as high extroversion, low agreeableness, and low conscientiousness.
Buzz and Bins
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter identifies theoretical elements that generate two major aspects of reputation—the discursive facet, dealing with information actively flowing through the person’s reputational network, and the distributive facet, dealing with latent information stored within the network’s person bins. They constitute the two distinct forms in which the common knowledge of the specific person is socially represented. The term fama was a culturally rich concept in medieval Europe that referred to what was generally said about events or actions, as well as what was generally said about a person. Within modern social psychology, the theory of social representation holds that everyday talk and common knowledge continue to play a central and pervasive role in contemporary culture.
The Person as Agent and Resultant of Reputation
Authors: Craik Kenneth H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChapter 6 considers the person as both agent and resultant of reputation. The person seeks to convey a particular social image to others while using feedback from others as a source of self-knowledge. General renown and approbation are seen as sources of social acceptance and social capital within a person’s community. This chapter examines the craft wisdom to be found in the professional realm of reputation management that is increasingly available to public figures, celebrities, and corporations. Publicity agencies offer proactive services to mold, circulate, and protect public visibility and image. False assertions may threaten our reputation, but we might also actually engage in undeniably disreputable conduct. For either case, a guild of specialists is ready to come to the rescue and provide reputation damage control.
12 Culture and the Arts
Authors: Ramadan Tariq 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between Islam and culture. It argues that the world's cultures and their particular artistic productions should be considered with an open, critical, and always inclusive outlook. All the artistic works—from music and architecture to cinema, literature, and drama—that express humankind's nobility and essence in its quest for meaning, questionings, emotions, sufferings, and its joys should be welcomed and integrated as our own.
15 Society, Education, and Power
Authors: Ramadan Tariq 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter discusses the need to address issues such as education, civil societies, and the management of the different religious and political powers in the reform of Islamic thought. It argues that people in the Islamic world continue speaking about the dynamics of power distribution, political power, scholarly authority, and relations to people, as if nothing had truly changed. They would like to reform societies by relying on classical, visible powers, without noticing the extent to which this approach is not only outdated but also dangerous.
6 The Cure for Cognitive Hiccups (HEMC, HEC, HEMC…)
Authors: Clark Andy 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe EXTENDED model claims that human cognitive processing may at times loop into the environment surrounding the organism. In contrast, a more conservative view is that certain cognitive processes lean heavily on environmental structures and scaffoldings but do not thereby include those structures and scaffoldings themselves. This chapter argues that the conservative view threatens to obscure much that is of value and that a robust notion of cognitive extension thus earns its keep as part of the emerging picture of the active embodied mind. To make this case, the chapter begins by sketching some general responses to the worries that motivate the more conservative view. It then presents some new examples and arguments that aim to flesh out the skeleton responses and to illuminate further the nature and importance of cognitive extension itself.
What Should a Course on Death and Dying Accomplish? “Death Education” in an Undergraduate Religion Course
Authors: Bregman Lucy 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter juxtaposes the enterprises of “death education” and “religious studies,” to show how these are normally defined with very different aims in mind. Death education centers upon one's own existential encounters with death and loss, an ideal emergent out of the 1970s death awareness movement. Religion study, on the other hand, aims at the scholarly and detached understanding about the roles of religious traditions in history and society. It has eschewed the goal of increasing personal faith, as part of its legitimation for inclusion in a university setting. Nevertheless, there is room for the goal of “honoring experience” within the death and dying course offered in a religion curriculum, including important non-academic experiences which students already bring into the classroom.
Teaching Death and Dying: A Pastoral Theological Approach
Authors: Ramsey G. Lee 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter explores the teaching of death and dying from a religious perspective, namely a Christian theological one. While death is a universal human experience, interpretations and responses to death and dying—emotional, physical, cognitive, and spiritual—are conditioned by the deepest religious convictions of the one who is dying and the ones who are grieving the coming or recent loss of another to death. Within schools of theological education students need to learn not only psycho-social frameworks for understanding loss, death, and grief as a human phenomenon, but they need to examine the religious tradition's distinctive interpretations of death within the larger divine story of creation, redemption, and resurrection. The chapter concludes that when students clarify their own personal and theological convictions about death and resurrection, they are more able to offer themselves and the resources of the Christian tradition in support of others who are grieving or dying.
Death, Loss, and Bereavement: The Role of Social Work
Authors: Hopmeyer Estelle 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter describes a graduate level course on life-threatening illness, loss, and bereavement taught at the McGill University School of Social Work. It presents current goals, content, format, and assignments. It also addresses strategies utilized to assist students in processing and integrating this powerful practice material. In this course students must challenge themselves both as emerging professionals wanting to become skillful in working with individuals and their families, and personally as they are required to face issues related to their own loss history and mortality. Unlike many chapters in the book, this one presents many examples of clinical practice related to death and dying and non-bereavement loss. Examples of specific areas addressed are the impact of culture, sudden stigmatized death (suicide), disenfranchised grief, and psycho-social loss.
Teaching Outside the Classroom
Authors: Garces‐Foley Kathleen 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In the classroom we can light incense, listen to dirges, watch videos of funerals, and pass around a cremation urn, but these encounters with the intersection of death and religion are taken out of their social context. By moving students beyond the classroom, we force them to step beyond the comfort of academic distance and encounter religion and death on their own terms. This chapter describes the pedagogical benefits of site visits and how they can enhance the study of death from a “lived religion” perspective. It also explores ethical issues arising from site visits and suggests practical ways to maximize the success of the site visit, from planning the trip to student preparation through the follow-up analysis. Lastly, it offers specific suggestions for visits to the most common sites used in death courses, namely cemeteries and funeral homes.
Why an Investigation of Paranormal Experience Should Be an Essential Component of a Course on Death
Authors: Betty L. Stafford 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
A good course on death does more than explore the way we die and grieve. It does more than show us how to prepare a living will or to decide whether physician-assisted suicide is ethical. It does more than survey the various religious views on death and afterlife or the philosophical arguments for or against survival of bodily death. A complete course will address the question of meaning. What is the meaning of death? The meaning of death hinges on the question of afterlife—as does the meaning of life. Do we survive death? If so, what do we survive into? There is no evidence more helpful in deciding how to answer these questions than that coming out of psychical research. This chapter looks at the most important of these evidences: near-death experiences, deathbed visions, studies of children who remember previous lives, and mediumistic accounts of the world beyond.
The Pedagogical Challenges of Finding Christ Figures in Film
Authors: Deacy Christopher 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhile identifying Christ figures in films can be a provocative and productive classroom tool, seeing such films as a mere illustration of theology can be ultimately superficial and misleading. When is theology in a film, and when is theology brought to a film? Although much academic writing has focused on identifying Christ figures in the movies, this chapter takes a step back and examines the interplay between film and theology more generally around the theme of the Christ figure, with implications for both teaching and theory.
Touching Evil, Touching Good
Authors: Makarushka Irena S. M. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter looks at the teaching of special topics in the study of religion, in this case the representation of evil. Employing the medium of film to teach this topic enables students to reflect on “religious” assumptions and their implications for how we experience ourselves in the world. With the focus on a particular film, Crash, and the theoretical work of Paul Ricoeur, this chapter considers evil by analyzing the racism in Crash and its relationship to alienation, confession, and redemption. The more general project of a similar course would be to introduce students to evil as a complex dimension of human experience. Reading films critically increases the likelihood that students will move beyond either/or and black/white dichotomies toward a more integrated understanding of the problem of evil.
The Supplicants and Their Saints
Authors: Duffin Jacalyn 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter provides an analysis through time of the people in whom miracle cures were worked (miraculés) and their relationship to the saints in terms of geography, gender, occupation, and class. They range in age from newborn infants and children to the elderly, and they include aristocrats, nuns, priests, bishops, farmers, shopkeepers, illiterate mothers, and domestic servants. Their responses to suffering reflect their occupations, social positions, and cultural practices. Some of the cured had already died from other causes by the time that the investigations begin.
How Wide Is Our Lens?
Authors: Hicks Douglas A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter examines the predominant vision many political leaders have articulated post-September 11, 2001: a narrow and embattled vision of the collective American identity. It draws on Samuel Huntington’s “clash of civilizations,” a global image in which “the West” is and will increasingly be engaged in a struggle with other cultural-political blocs around the world, most notably “the Islamic World.” At home, this civilization-based perspective requires defining the essentials of an American or Western identity, which in its totality marginalizes or begrudgingly tolerates people outside the mainstream. For some, including Huntington and George W. Bush, this connects to a vision of America as a Christian nation. What does it mean to see America as a Christian nation? For some, it means conforming the laws of society to the coming Kingdom of Christ or to some set of “Judeo-Christian values.” For others, it means something less directly political. This vision privileges Christian identity over other religious or moral affiliations.
Shaping the Culture
Authors: Hicks Douglas A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter explores a particular application of the well-accepted view that effective leaders both understand and help shape their institution’s culture. Language and religious symbols make a vital difference in developing a vision of society. This chapter analyzes three cases in which leaders acted to transform public culture towards inclusion vis-à-vis America’s religious diversity: William and Mary President Gene Nichol and his decision about the Wren cross; Keith Ellison, a U.S. Muslim congressman, and his swearing-in using a Quran; and former U.S. President Bill Clinton and his statements on religion in public schools and on religion in the federal workplace. These cases suggest that good leadership requires facing the dilemmas that religious symbols can create, and then transforming them into opportunities to expand American public culture. Each case sheds light on what leaders should and should not do to shape the culture.
Engaging Citizens
Authors: Hicks Douglas A 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBuilding an inclusive culture requires thoughtful engagement on the part of public leaders with their constituents. Business experts talk about management by “walking around”; this chapter focuses on leadership by “showing up.” This is already happening. Good leadership occurs in the everyday encounters—as Tocqueville would appreciate—among leaders and diverse citizens in their moral and religious communities. Building connections also happens by creating interfaith coalitions, which can be challenging and even dangerous work for citizens. In overall terms, civic engagement across religious lines calls for both interpersonal and epistemic humility.
Expanding Patent Rights in Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Correa Carlos M. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In some developed countries, the patent owners' exclusive rights have been stretched by allowing them to block the marketing approval of competing pharmaceutical generic products. This creates a “linkage” between patent protection and drug approval, two separate areas of regulation with distinct objectives. This form of “linkage” has been systematically introduced in the free trade agreements signed by the US with a number of countries, often under conditions that are more stringent than those applicable in the USA itself. This chapter examines the judicially-based “linkage” implemented in the USA and Canada, and the administrative regimes generated by the referred to agreements. The implications for public health in developing countries may be significant, particularly as patents on variants of existing pharmaceuticals may be unduly used to exclude competition of low priced generic medicines.