bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Effect of an Adverse Intrauterine Environment on Perturbation of Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Reusens Brigitte , Remacle Claude 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHuman epidemiological and animal studies have revealed the late consequences of malnutrition during gestation and early life on the health of the offspring. These studies have highlighted the inverse relationship between birth weight and the incidence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes later in life. The aim of this paper is to review the different means of achieving foetal malnutrition and its consequences even for a next generation, in animal models and to identify key area for further research. We address the impact of two models of maternal malnutrition (protein restriction and caloric restriction) as well as the impact of maternal diabetes, the three maternal conditions leading to perturbed foetal nutritional environment. Particular emphasis is given to the endocrine pancreas and the insulin sensitive tissues. More specifically, alterations of the foetal nutritional environment perturb the development of the endocrine pancreas and target the ß cell mass at birth. Some adaptations later in life may take place but stress situations such as pregnancy and ageing precipitate the animals to glucose intolerance and insulin resistance. Even the next generation features alterations in the development of the endocrine pancreas. Some mechanisms by which the foetal ß cell mass is altered are approached in this review and specific attention is paid to the amino acid profile. The preventive role of taurine is discussed.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Self-Esteem in a Japanese Twin Sample
Authors: Kamakura Toshimitsu , Ando Juko , Ono Yutaka 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present study is to clarify the mechanism of Japanese self-esteem (SE) in genetic and environmental influences using twin methodology. Eighty-one pairs of adolescent twins, including 50 pairs of monozygotic (MZ) twins and 31 pairs of dizygotic (DZ) twins, participated in this study. Self-esteem was assessed using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), translated into Japanese. As a result of using univariate twin analyses, model comparisons using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) indicated that the AE model was the best fit (AIC = −5.35). In the best-fitting AE model, the heritability (a2) of SE was revealed to be moderate, accounting for 49% of the variance; environmental influences (individual-specific environmental factors) explained 51% of the variance. These results are consistent with the findings of some behavioral genetics studies of SE in the West and show that there is no difference between Western and Japanese populations in the mechanism of SE considering genetic and environmental influences. The results also suggest the importance of considering both genetic and environmental factors in studies of Japanese SE.
Examining the Dimensions of Intimacy in Twin and Peer Relationships
Authors: Foy Andrea K. , Vernon Phillip A. , Jang Kerry 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhile it is widely assumed that twinship involves high levels of intimacy to the detriment of other relationships, an examination of twinship using measures of intimacy has not yet been conducted. Participants were 214 individual twins (128 MZ, 62 DZ same-sex, and 24 DZ mixed-sex) between 16–73 years of age. Twins completed measures of intimacy in reference to their co-twin, their closest same-sex friend, and their closest other-sex friend. As expected, the highest level of intimacy was reported for the co-twin. Contrary to expectation, MZ twins did not report significantly higher levels of intimacy with their co-twin, or significantly lower levels of intimacy with their closest friends when compared to DZ same-sex or DZ mixed-sex twins. Furthermore, twins who reported high levels of intimacy with their co-twin did not report significantly lower levels of intimacy with their closest friends. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Genetic and Environmental Influences on the Associations Between Attention Problems and Other Problem Behaviors
Authors: Schmitz Stephanie , Mrazek David A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProblem behavior in children shows a high degree of cooccurrence, both within the domains of internalizing and externalizing behaviors and across domains. Maternal ratings of 207 same- and opposite-sex twin pairs on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL/4–18; Achenbach, 1991) were used to determine the etiology of these associations. In the current sample of 4- to 11-year-old children (mean age: 7.6 years) phenotypic correlations were .68 between Internalizing and Externalizing, between .41 and .66 within the internalizing scales, and between .58 and .71 within the externalizing scales. Correlations across domains on the scale level were of similar magnitude. Genetic and shared environmental correlations were generally high, with the exception of the somatic complaints scale which showed low genetic correlations with other scales. These findings of uniformly high shared etiology was seen within and across domains. For example, Attention Problems showed genetic correlations of .65 with Delinquent Behavior and .76 with Aggressive Behavior; the genetic correlations of Attention Problems with internalizing scales were .71 for Anxious/Depressed and .79 for Withdrawn; a low genetic correlation was only shown for the Somatic Complaints scale (rg = .16). Although the magnitude of shared environmental contributions was lower, the environmental correlations were close to unity, indicating that the same family environmental factors were involved in aspects of problem behavior when assessed across domains. Results for the Attention Problems scale were similar to other disruptive behavior, justifying its inclusion with the externalizing scales.
Changes in Human Muscle Spindle Sensitivity during a Proprioceptive Attention Task
Authors: Hospod Valérie , Aimonetti Jean-Marc , Roll Jean-Pierre , Ribot-Ciscar Edith 
Published: May 2007

The aim of the present study was to test whether fusimotor control of human muscle spindle sensitivity changed when attention was selectively directed to the recognition of an imposed two-dimensional movement in the form of a written symbol.The unitary activities of 32 muscle spindle afferents (26 Ia, 6 II) were recorded by microneurography at the level of the common peroneal nerve. The patterns of firing rate in response to passive movements of the ankle, forming different letters or numbers, were compared in two conditions: control and recognition. No visual cues were given in either condition, but subjects had to recognize and name the character in one condition compared with not paying attention in the control condition.The results showed that 58% of the tested Ia afferents presented modified responses to movements when these had to be recognized. Changes in Ia afferent responses included decreased depth of modulation, increased variability of discharge, and changes in spontaneous activity. Not all changes were evident in the same afferent. Furthermore, the percentage of correctly recognized movements amounted to 63% when changes were observed, but it was only 48% when the primary ending sensitivity was unaltered. The responses of group II afferents were only weakly changed or unchanged. It is suggested that the altered muscle spindle sensitivity is because of selective changes in fusimotor control, the consequence of which might be to feed the brain movement trajectory information that is more accurate.
Condylar Asymmetry in Bilateral Posterior Crossbite Patients
Authors: Kiki Ali , Kılıç Nihat , Oktay Hüsamettin 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether patients with bilateral posterior crossbite have asymmetrically developed condyles.
Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 75 patients with bilateral posterior crossbite, and a control group of 75 subjects with normal occlusion. Condylar, ramal, and condylar plus ramal asymmetry values were computed for all of the subjects on orthopantomograms. Data were analyzed statistically by means of paired t-test and Student's t-test.
Results: The patients with bilateral posterior crossbite had more asymmetrical condyles relative to the controls. However, there were no statistically significant differences in condylar, ramal, or condylar plus ramal heights between left and right sides in both the control and crossbite groups.
Conclusion: Patients with bilateral posterior crossbite can have asymmetrical condyles and might be at risk for the development of future skeletal mandibular asymmetries.
Effects of Self-Etching Primer on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets at Different Debond Times
Authors: Turk Tamer , Elekdag-Turk Selma , Isci Devrim 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effect of a self-etching primer on shear bond strengths (SBS) at the different debond times of 5, 15, 30, and 60 minutes and 24 hours.
Materials and Methods: Brackets were bonded to human premolars with different etching protocols. In the control group (conventional method [CM]) teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. In the study group, a self-etching primer (SEP; Transbond Plus Self Etching Primer; 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was applied as recommended by the manufacturer. Brackets were bonded with light-cure adhesive paste (Transbond XT; 3M Unitek) and light-cured for 20 seconds in both groups. The shear bond test was performed at the different debond times of 5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes and 24 hours.
Results: Lowest SBS was attained with a debond time of 5 minutes for the CM group (9.51 MPa) and the SEP group (8.97 MPa). Highest SBS was obtained with a debond time of 24 hours for the CM group (16.82 MPa) and the SEP group (19.11 MPa). Statistically significant differences between the two groups were not observed for debond times of 5, 15, 30, or 60 minutes. However, the SBS values obtained at 24 hours were significantly different (P &lt; .001).
Conclusions: Adequate SBS was obtained with self-etching primer during the first 60 minutes (5, 15, 30 and 60 minutes) when compared with the conventional method. It is reliable to load the bracket 5 minutes after bonding using self-etching primer (Transbond Plus) with the light-cure adhesive (Transbond XT).
Effects of Growth Hormone on Craniofacial Growth
Authors: Funatsu Minayo , Sato Koshi , Mitani Hideo 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: This study determined the effects of growth hormone (GH) therapy on craniofacial growth in idiopathic growth hormone deficiency (GHD).
Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven patients (33 boys and 24 girls; age range 4.5 to 16.7 years) with GHD were investigated and categorized into three groups according to the duration of GH therapy: the untreated group, the short-term therapy group, and the long-term therapy group. Their lateral cephalometric radiographs were studied, and craniofacial measurements were assessed by age and sex by using matched standard deviation scores.
Results: In the untreated group, the anterior cranial base, total facial height, maxillary length, mandibular total length, mandibular body length, and ramus height were smaller than the standard values. In comparison with the untreated group, the long-term therapy group had a significantly larger upper facial height (P &lt; .05), maxillary length (P &lt; .01), and ramus height (P &lt; .01) measurements.
Conclusions: Children who received long-term GH replacement therapy showed increased growth of the craniofacial skeleton, especially the maxilla and ramus. These findings suggest that GH accelerates craniofacial development, which improves occlusion and the facial profile.
Evaluation of Force Degradation Characteristics of Orthodontic Latex Elastics in Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Wang Tong , Zhou Gang , Tan Xianfeng , Dong Yaojun 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of force degradation of latex elastics in clinical applications and in vitro studies.
Materials and Methods: Samples of 3/16-inch latex elastics were investigated, and 12 students between the ages of 12 and 15 years were selected for the intermaxillary and intramaxillary tractions. The elastics in the control groups were set in artificial saliva and dry room conditions and were stretched 20 mm. The repeated-measure two-way analysis of variance and nonlinear regression analysis were used to identify statistical significance.
Results: Overall, there were statistically significant differences between the different methods and observation intervals. At 24- and 48-hour time intervals, the force decreased during in vivo testing and in artificial saliva (P &lt; .001), whereas there were no significant differences in dry room conditions (P &gt; .05). In intermaxillary traction the percentage of initial force remaining after 48 hours was 61%. In intramaxillary traction and in artificial saliva the percentage of initial force remaining was 71%, and in room conditions 86% of initial force remained. Force degradation of latex elastics was different according to their environmental conditions. There was significantly more force degradation in intermaxillary traction than in intramaxillary traction. The dry room condition caused the least force loss.
Conclusions: There were some differences among groups in the different times to start wearing elastics in intermaxillary traction but no significant differences in intramaxillary traction.
The Success of Orthodontic Satellite Practices
Authors: Heying Scott S. , English Jeryl D. , Bussa Henry I. , Corbett John A. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the financial success and personal satisfaction of orthodontists operating satellite practices.
Materials and Methods: A questionnaire was e-mailed to 4426 members of the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO), and 817 completed surveys were returned, yielding an 18% response rate. Only replies from solo practitioner orthodontists were analyzed to limit variability among respondents.
Results: Solo practitioner orthodontists with satellite practices reported an increase in net profit and started significantly more cases than orthodontists with one office. Yet, only 27% of respondents with one satellite and 48% of practitioners operating multiple satellites recommend opening a satellite practice. Ninety-two percent of orthodontists stated they were satisfied with the clinical aspects of their practice, and 99% of orthodontists described themselves as happy and satisfied individuals.
Conclusion: Despite the ability of a satellite office to expand a patient base and increase net income, most practitioners would not encourage young orthodontists to establish a satellite office.
Treatment and Posttreatment Changes with Combined Headgear Therapy
Authors: Tortop Tuba , Yüksel Sema 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the effects of combined headgear treatment in high-angle patients and to evaluate the differences 2 years after treatment.
Materials and Methods: The study material consisted of lateral cephalograms of 21 patients (13 girls and eight boys; mean age 10 years 3 months) with Class II dental relationship. Only extraoral combined traction that was applied to maxillary first molars was used in the treatment of all patients. The patients were instructed to wear the appliance 20 hours per day until the molar relationship was corrected. The treatment time was approximately 5 months. At the beginning (T0), at the end (T1), and approximately 2 years after (T2) combined headgear treatment, lateral cephalometric radiographs were obtained.
Results: SNA and ANB angles and convexity decreased significantly during treatment (T0–T1; P &lt; .05 and P &lt; .01, respectively), and the net changes (T0–T2) in ANB angle and convexity were also found to be statistically significant (P &lt; .01). During treatment, significant distal movement was found in the upper first molar, and the second premolar and molar were also distalized significantly (P &lt; .001). At the end of 2 years, there was a significant mesial migration of the upper molars and the second premolar during the posttreatment period, but all of them were positioned more distally compared to the beginning of treatment (P &lt; .001). The decrease in molar relation was statistically significant during the T0–T1 and T0–T2 periods (P &lt; .001).
Perception of Occlusion, Psychological Impact of Dental Esthetics, History of Orthodontic Treatment and Their Relation to Oral Health in Naval Recruits
Authors: Klages Ulrich , Rost Felix , Wehrbein Heinrich , Zentner Andrej 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether the oral health of young male adults was related to (1) the degree of self-perceived malocclusion, (2) the degree of experienced negative psychosocial impact of dental esthetics, and (3) the history of orthodontic treatment and its duration.
Materials and Methods: The study subjects were 470 male naval recruits undergoing a routine dental health checkup. They answered the Perception of Occlusion Scale (POS) and Negative Impact of Dental Aesthetics Scale (NIDAS). The Approximal Plaque Index (API), the Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI), and the number of decayed teeth (DT) and missing teeth (MT) were examined by a staff dentist. Statistical procedures were one-way analyses of variance in the API and SBI and nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney, and χ2 tests in DT and MT as dependent variables.
Results: (1) The subjects ranging within the upper POS quartile scored higher on the SBI (contrast: P = .003) and DT (P = .002) than did those in the lower POS quartiles. (2) In contrast to the subjects reporting minor negative impacts in the NIDAS, those with strong impacts had higher scores on the API and MT (each P &lt; .001). (3) In the subjects with a history of orthodontic treatment lasting 30 months and longer, lower API (P &lt; .05), SBI and DT (each P = .002), and MT (P = .007) scores were found than in the subjects without previous orthodontic treatment.
Conclusion: The results suggest that self-perceived dental irregularity and negative impact of dental esthetics might affect oral health, whereas previous extensive orthodontic treatment may have favorable effects by improving dental health compliance.
Treatment and Posttreatment Effects of Quad-Helix/Crib Therapy of Dentoskeletal Open Bite
Authors: Cozza Paola , Mucedero Manuela , Baccetti Tiziano , Franchi Lorenzo 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of the quad-helix/crib (Q-H/C) appliance in subjects with thumb-sucking habits and dentoskeletal open bite at 2 years after the end of active treatment.
Materials and Methods: The records of 21 subjects treated with the Q-H/C appliance were compared with a control group of 21 untreated subjects with similar vertical relationships. Lateral cephalograms were obtained before treatment (T1; mean age 8.4 ± 1.4 years) and at about 2 years after treatment (T2; mean age 11.7 ± 1.9 years) and analyzed. Mean treatment duration was 1.5 years ± 7 months. The T2–T1 changes in the two groups were compared with a nonparametric test for independent samples.
Results: The mean increase in overbite during Q-H/C therapy (4.1 mm) represented an overcorrection of the amount of anterior open bite at T2. Both the maxillary and mandibular incisors showed significantly greater extrusion in the Q-H/C group than in the control group. The treated group showed a greater downward rotation (1.8°) of the palatal plane than did the control group. This change was associated with a clinically significant reduction in the palatal plane/mandibular plane angle (−2.5°) in the Q-H/C group. The upper lip showed significant retraction relative to the E-plane in the treated group (3.6 mm) compared with the controls.
Conclusions: The Q-H/C appliance was effective in correcting dental open bite in 85% of the growing subjects with thumb-sucking habits and dentoskeletal open bites. Correction of anterior open bite was associated with a clinically significant improvement in maxillomandibular vertical skeletal relationships.
Long-term Failure Rate of Brackets Bonded with Plasma and High-intensity Light-emitting Diode Curing Lights
Authors: Pandis Nikolaos , Strigou Sophia , Eliades Theodore 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To comparatively assess the long-term failure rate of brackets bonded with a plasma or a high-intensity light-emitting diode (LED) curing light.
Materials and Methods: Twenty-five patients with complete permanent dentitions with similar treatment planning and mechanotherapy were selected for the study. Brackets were bonded according to a split-mouth design with the 3M Ortholite Plasma or the high-power Satelec mini LED Ortho curing light. Irradiation with the two curing lights was performed for 9 seconds at an alternate quadrant sequence so that the bonded brackets cured with either light were equally distributed on the maxillary and mandibular right and left quadrants. First-time bracket failures were recorded for a mean period of 15 months (range 13–18 months) and the results were analyzed with the chi-square test and binary logistic regression.
Results: The failure rate for brackets was 2.8% for the plasma light and 6.7% for the LED light source. Although significantly more failures were found for the mandibular arch, no difference was identified in failure rate between anterior and posterior teeth.
Conclusions: High-intensity LED curing lights present a 2.5 times higher failure rate relative to plasma lamps for nominally identical irradiation time. Mandibular teeth show almost 150% higher failure incidence compared with maxillary teeth. No effect from the arch side (right vs left) and location (anterior vs posterior) was identified in this study.
Surface Conditioning Methods and Polishing Techniques Effect on Surface Roughness of a Feldspar Ceramic
Authors: Saraç YŞinasi , Elekdag-Turk Selma , Saraç Duygu , Turk Tamer 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of three surface conditioning methods on shear bond strength (SBS) and on surface roughness (Ra) of a feldspathic ceramic, and to compare the efficiency of three polishing techniques.
Materials and Methods: A total of 106 feldspathic specimens were used. Thirty specimens were divided into three groups according to the surface conditioning methods: air-particle abrasion (APA) with 25-μm aluminum trioxide (Al2O3) (group A); hydrofluoric acid (HFA) (group H); APA and HFA (group AH). Metal brackets were bonded and subjected to SBS testing. Sixty-three specimens were divided into three groups according to the surface conditioning method. Ra was evaluated profilometrically. Then, each group was divided into three subgroups according to the polishing technique, ie, adjustment kit, diamond polishing paste, adjustment kit + diamond polishing paste. Following polishing, the second Ra values were obtained.
Results: The lowest SBS was obtained for group H. This value was significantly different from the values of groups A and AH (P &lt; .05). The lowest Ra value was observed for group H (P &lt; .001). There was no significant difference between groups A and AH (P &gt; .05). No significant differences between the subgroups in which a polishing paste was used were observed (P &gt; .05). There was no significant difference between the adjustment kit and the adjustment kit + a diamond polishing paste (P &gt; .05).
Conclusion: APA or APA + HFA created rougher porcelain surfaces than HFA alone. Both adjustment kit use and the adjustment kit + polishing paste application were effective to smooth the porcelain, but one was not found superior to the other.