bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound characteristics of the pancreas in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Swobodnik W. , Wolf Anna , Wechsler J. G. , Kleihauer E. , Ditschuneit H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen patients (3 months to 16 years) with cystic fibrosis (CF) were examined with a real‐time mechanical sector‐scanner (5 MH transducer). Compared with age‐matched controls, each CF patient showed morphologic changes in the pancreas on abdominal ultrasound examination. A very common finding was a decrease in organ anterior–posterior diameters (CF versus controls: head, 1.25 ± 0.38 cm versus 2.44 ± 0.39 cm; body, 0.56 ± 0.35 cm versus 0.98 ± 0.3 cm; tail, 0.83 ± 0.28 cm versus 1.81 ± 0.38 cm) and a pronounced, age‐independent increase in tissue echogenicity. In younger patients, small cystic degenerations could be observed in the pancreatic tail. No correlation could be found between ultrasound morphology, especially pancreatic duct imaging, and exocrine pancreatic function.
Cystic renal mass evaluation: Real‐time versus static imaging
Authors: Weinreb Jeffrey C. , Arger Peter H. , Coleman Beverly G. , Mintz Marshall C. , Pollack Howard M. , Arenson Ronald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty consecutive cystic renal masses in 43 patients were evaluated by both static scanning and real‐time scanning techniques. Various parameters were evaluated and compared to ascertain whether the strict static scan cystic criteria were always present in comparable real‐time evaluations. Four (8%) of the 50 masses were not classic cysts on real‐time examinations, although the criteria were present on the static scans. Two had minimal acoustic enhancement and two had low‐intensity internal echoes. Possible reasons for this difference were detailed and discussed. The potential problems in this observation were enumerated. Based on these observations, in certain cases when a cystic renal mass demonstrates poor acoustic enhancement or low‐level internal echoes in real‐time examination, static scanning may be helpful and may obviate the need for further studies.
Duplex pulsed Doppler echocardiography in mitral regurgitation
Authors: Meyers David G. , McCall David , Sears Thomas D. , Olson Terry S. , Felix Gary L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe accuracy of duplex pulsed Doppler echocardiography (d‐PDE) for detecting mitral regurgitation was evaluated in 35 patients undergoing d‐PDE, cardiac auscultation, and left ventriculography. With three transducer positions, the overall d‐PDE sensitivity was 95%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, negative predictive value was 94%, and diagnostic accuracy was 97% compared with ventriculography. This technique was superior to auscultation (sensitivity 74%, specificity 94%, positive predictive value 93%, negative predictive value 75%, diagnostic accuracy 83%). No false‐positive d‐PDE results occurred, but discordant false‐negative results occurred frequently among the three transducer positions. If discordant negative results are considered to be false negatives, then d‐PDE is both sensitive and specific when mitral regurgitation is defined as systolic spectral broadening in any one transducer position.
Quantitative pulsed Doppler measurement of common femoral artery blood flow variables during postocclusive reactive hyperemia
Authors: Marquis C. , Meister J.‐J. , Mower E. , Mosimann R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractQuantitative blood flow measurements were performed on 37 normal lower limbs with a 128‐channel digital pulsed Doppler (MDPD) system. The evolution of mean flow (QM), peak systolic flow (QS), diastolic flow (QD), and prograde stroke volume (PSV) was observed at rest, during postocclusive reactive hyperemia (PORH), and at 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐min intervals. The QM at rest was 2.9 ± 1.1 ml/s; PORH induced a four‐to fivefold increase in QM and PSV secondary to a slight increase in QS and the disappearance of the reverse protodiastolic component of resting flow. Reverse flow was restored after 1 min. Both QS and QD returned to resting values after 2 min, whereas QM remained significantly higher after 3 min. To provide a better description of the hyperemic response, we also studied the evolution of the pulsatility index as applied the flow curve (PIQ). Similarly, the systolic amplitude index (SAI) is presented. Our study demonstrates that pulsed Doppler techniques can be used for noninvasive quantitative assessment of blood flow at rest and during PORH. The values obtained on normal subjects provide base‐line data for further investigation of pathological conditions.
A pictorial essay of pelvic and abdominal masses seen during pregnancy
Authors: Rahatzad M. T. , Adamson Daryl 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince the advent of ultrasound, pelvic and abdominal masses occurring with pregnancy are being recognized more frequently and at earlier stages of gestation. The precise sonographic definition of the size and location of a mass is important for determining route of delivery or surgical approach during laparotomy and cesarean sections. We hope to illustrate that a variety of etiologies need to be considered, and although it is not often possible to make a histologic diagnosis on the basis of ultrasound findings alone, the integration of imaging information with other clinical data can be helpful in narrowing the differential diagnostic possibilities.
Ultrasound diagnosis of renal calcification in infants on chronic furosemide therapy
Authors: Myracle Michael R. , McGahan John P. , Goetzman Boyd W. , Adelman Raymond D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe seven infants who developed renal calcification and bone de‐mineralization following furosemide therapy with average daily doses of as little as 0.75 mg/kg per day. Renal calcifications were present in all seven cases and were more readily detected with ultrasonography than with plain films. Renal calculi were seen in four patients, sonographically demonstrated as echogenic foci in the dependent portion of the collecting system, usually accompanied by acoustic shadowing. One patient developed nephrocalcinosis, sonographically observed as echogenic medullary pyramids plus punctate, shadowing parenchymal calcifications. In two patients the location of the calcification could not be determined.
Fetal small bowel simulating an abdominal mass at sonography
Authors: Manco Lawrence G. , Nunan Francis A. , Sohnen Howard , Jacobs Edward J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA focal, well‐marginated, homogeneous hyperechoic mass was identified within the fetal abdomen of five early gestations varying in age from 16 to 20 weeks ECA (estimated conceptual age). Initially, the possibility of a congenital abdominal tumor mass was raised. Serial sonography subsequently demonstrated progressive dissolution of the masses, each of which assumed the characteristic appearance of normal small bowel by 30 weeks ECA. The recognition of this normal fetal small bowel maturation pattern is important lest it be confused with congenital retroperitoneal or gastrointestinal tract abnormalities.
Cava‐suprarenal line: New position for sonographic imaging of left adrenal gland
Authors: Krebs Carol A. , Eisenberg Ronald L. , Ratcliff Sandra , Jouppi Louise 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBecause of overlying attenuating structures, sonographic imaging of the left adrenal gland is often difficult, especially in obese or pediatric patients. In a series of 50 consecutive patients, the left adrenal glands were examined in both the conventional right posterior oblique (RF'O) position and using the new cava‐suprarenal line (CSL) position. The CSL position permitted identification of the left adrenal gland in 90% of the patients; in contrast, the gland could be demonstrated in only 60% of the patients using the conventional RPO position. With the CSL position, the left adrenal gland could be imaged in half the time required with the conventional RPO position. The improved ability to demonstrate the left adrenal gland as well as the reduction in the required scanning time was particularly marked in obese and pediatric patients.
Echocardiographic features of right atrial thrombi
Authors: Boulay Fabrice , Danchin Nicolas , Neimann Jean‐Louis , Godenir Jean‐Philippe , Houppe Jean‐Pierre 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical and echocardiographic features of six patients in whom a right atrial thrombus was detected using two‐dimensional echocardiography are reported. In four patients with acute cor pulmonale, the thrombus appeared as a coiled mass moving freely within the right atrium and prolapsing through the triscupid valve. In another patient referred for syncope, a large coiled mass attached to the lateral wall of the right atrium was seen prolapsing regularly through the triscupid valve, simulating an atrial myxoma. In the remaining patient who presented with chronic cor pulmonale, two‐dimensional echocardiography demonstrated a motionless ovoid mass with a broad base of attachment to the interatrial septum.
Fetal cardiac arrhythmias and their effect on volume blood flow in descending aorta of human fetus
Authors: Tonge H. M. , Wladimiroff J. W. , Noordam M. J. , Stewart P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a two‐dimensional linear array real‐time and pulsed Doppler ultrasound system, volume blood flow measurements were made in 86 normal pregnancies, seven cases of fetal bradycardia, and seven cases of fetal tachycardia at the lower thoracic level of the fetal descending aorta. During fetal cardiac arrhythmias, volume blood flow was maintained within the normal range until the heart rates reached around 50 bpm and 230 bpm, after which the volume blood flow diminished. The changes observed suggest that the Frank‐Starling mechanism is functional in the fetal myocardium and demonstrate the stability of the fetal circulation.
A composite three‐dimensional echocardiographic technique for left ventricular volume estimation in children: Comparison with angiography and established echographic methods
Authors: Fazzalari Nicola L. , Goldblatt Elton , Adams A. Phillip S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA composite three‐dimensional (3D) echographic left ventricular (LV) reconstruction to measure LV volumes was evaluated in 26 children. Four apical views, to minimize assumptions about LV shape, were used to obtain a “wire‐cage” model of the LV in 3D. Numerical integration was used to make estimates of both end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes. Volume estimates obtained with echographic techniques and those obtained with the angiographic biplane method were compared. The echographic volume estimates were systematically smaller (p < 0.005), and a consistent trend, though not significant, was observed indicating that this systematic error is less for the 3D method. One‐way analysis of variance confirmed significant global geometric fluctuations. Hence, 3D reconstruction can be performed in a clinical setting, and the enhanced graphic representation of global LV geometry may contribute to improved patient management.
Ultrasound evaluation of uncomplicated and complicated acute viral hepatitis
Authors: Giorgio Antonio , Amoroso Pietro , Fico Paolo , Lettieri Gennaro , Finelli Livio , de Stefano Ciorgio , Pesce Gaetano , Scala Vincenzo , Pierri Paola , Pierri Guido 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeven hundred ninety‐one consecutive patients with acute viral hepatitis, 17 of whom had liver failure, and 97 healthy volunteers were examined by ultrasound. No specific patterns were found in either the uncomplicated or the complicated forms. Only 19 subjects showed a typical “bright liver” pattern, which is correlated with significant vacuolar hepatocellular degeneration. The increased brightness and clear visualization of portal vein radicle walls, previously described in this disease, were detected in only 32.2% of the hepatitis patients but were also seen in 30.9% of the normal controls.
Utility and limitations of splanchnic venous ultrasonography in diagnosis of portal hypertension
Authors: Rector William G. , Campra Jose , Ralls Philip W. , Charms Matthew 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe splanchnic venous system was examined by real‐time ultrasonography in 46 patients with cirrhosis and documented portal hypertension and in 32 healthy subjects. Patients with portal hypertension had increased diameter of the splanchnic (portal, splenic, and superior mesenteric) veins (76% of patients), attenuation of the normal inspiratory increase in vein size (59%), and demonstrable portasystemic collateral vessels (umbilical or coronary veins or spontaneous splenorenal shunt) (44%). Splanchnic venous dimensions were significantly increased and changed less with respiration in patients with demonstrable portasystemic collaterals as compared to patients without these vessels. Portal pressure correlated only mildly with portal vein diameter (r = 0.30, p < 0.05). Ultrasound abnormalities are present in a majority of patients with intrahepatic portal hypertension. However, because increased venous diameter and attenuated change in diameter with respiration are less frequent in patients lacking demonstrable portasystemic collaterals, the sensitivity of the test is least in those patients in whom its specificity is also limited.
Left lobe of the liver mimicking perisplenic collections
Authors: Crivello Madeline S. , Peterson Ingrid M. , Austin Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree patients were scanned in whom the sonographic diagnoses of perisplenic fluid collections were made. Computed tomography scanning demonstrated that the appearances were not caused by perisplenic pathology but by lateral extent of normal left lobe of the liver. Methods to avoid this potential sonographic pitfall are suggested.
Antenatal sonographic diagnosis of congenital clubfoot: A possible indication for amniocentesis
Authors: Benacerraf Beryl R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen cases of congenital clubfoot were diagnosed sonographically between 16 and 38 weeks. The method of diagnosis, associated anomalies, karyotypes, and obstetric outcomes are described. Fifteen of the 18 fetuses had other major congenital anomalies, and of these, four had abnormal karyotypes. Only three had uncomplicated clubfoot as the only abnormality. Because of the significant incidence of abnormal karyotypes in our series, confirmed in other reported cases, identification of a clubfoot on prenatal sonography may be considered an indication for amniocentesis, particularly when other anomalies are present.
Prenatal diagnosis of bilateral cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung
Authors: Rempen Andreas , Feige Axel , Wünsch Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBilateral cystic adenomatoid malformation of the lung (CAML), solid type (Stocker 111), is a rare malformation that we observed sonographically in two fetuses at 23 weeks. The ultrasonic image showed an echogenic mass compressing the heart and occupying the whole thoracic cavity. Massive ascites, probably as a result of heart failure, was apparent. The prognosis is fatal. Prenatal diagnosis enables termination of pregnancy and saves the mother from invasive procedures in case of fetal distress. In unilateral, more favorable lesions, the managing physician is prepared for respiratory distress of the newborn and an emergency operation.
High‐resolution ultrasonography of wrist ganglia
Authors: de Flaviis Luca , Nessi Renato , Bo Paola Del , Calori Giorgio , Balconi Giuseppe 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh‐resolution ultrasonography was performed on 14 patients with soft tissue swelling of the wrist and hand. The examination was done using a real‐time 10‐MHz sector probe placed directly on the lesion. The sonographic image could always demonstrate the liquid nature of cystic lesions. In recent ganglia, the fluid content was anechoic, and the cystic walls were rather thin; in some older lesions, irregular internal echoes and thicker walls were found. Rather often, multiple ganglia were observed, grouped in clusters. The presence of a liquid‐filled duct directed to the articular space was demonstrated in 8/11 cases (73%). This finding is considered a diagnostic characteristic of ganglia, and it is very useful for correct surgical planning. In extensor cystic tenosynovitis, the echographic picture was quite different: the anechoic cavity was longitudinal in shape, following the tendon sheath, and the communicating duct was absent. Finally, the sonographic pattern of one case of de Quervain's disease was analyzed and discussed.
Mathematical modeling of fetal growth. III. Evaluation of head growth using the head profile area
Authors: Rossavik Ivar K. , Deter Russell L. , Hadlockt Frank P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of the fetal head has been reexamined in a longitudinal study of 32 normally growing fetuses using the head profile area (HA). The Rossavik growth model (characterized by the coefficients c, k, and s) fit these data very well (R2[±SD] 99.6 [± 0.3]%), and regression analysis indicated that optimum results are obtained when the coefficient k is kept constant. Head area growth before 28 weeks was found to be related to the coefficient c, which was strongly correlated (R2 69.2%) with the time of HA growth initiation. These results suggest that c reflects the genetic factors controlling growth in the early part of pregnancy. The coefficient s was negatively correlated with c (R2 82.1%) and had two components, one associated with c bred. s) and one not associated with c (s‐residual). This linkage between c and s, together with the parallel head growth seen after 30 weeks, suggests the possibility of a maternal system in which genetically determined head size (c) can be sensed and modified by other factors (s) to maximize compatibility between the fetal head and maternal pelvis.
Diastolic flow characteristics of severely impaired left ventricles: A pulsed doppler ultrasound study
Authors: Delemarre Ben J. , Bot Hans , Pearlman Alan S. , Visser Cees A. , Dunning Arend J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLeft ventricular inflow was studied with pulsed Doppler echocardiography in 12 normals and 12 patients with a dilated left ventricle as a result of ischemic heart disease. To study the influence of left ventricular relaxation on both the transmitral and apical diastolic flow patterns, we applied range ambiguity. This provides simultaneous display of Doppler shifts obtained at different depths. The diastolic Doppler shift curves at the mitral valve and apical level in normals had the same time of onset, whereas there was an apparent time delay in the patients with heart disease (range 160–360 ms). This might be caused by absence of a normal apical wall motion in these patients.
Ultrasonic mensuration of fetal limb bones in the second and third trimesters
Authors: Merz Eberhard , Kim‐Kern Mi‐Sook , Pehl Stephanie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of fetal limb bones has been examined in a prospective cross‐sectional study in 530 patients between 13 and 42 weeks of gestation by ultrasound. The length of the femur, tibia, humerus, and radius were measured in all cases, and fibula and ulna in 393 cases. For each week of gestation mean lengths (± 2 standard deviations) were calculated. All limb bones showed linear growth from 13 weeks to 25 weeks of gestation, after which the growth curve appeared nonlinear. A strong linear relationship (r > 0.98) between the BPD and bone length was found for each bone. In five aborted fetuses, prenatal sonographic measurements of the ossified diaphyses were compared with the postnatal radiologic measurement (30 limb bones). A good agreement was found (difference between ultrasound and X‐ray measurements 0.7 ± 0.5 [SD] mm or 3.0 ± 2.4 [SD]%), indicating that ultrasound images the ossified diaphysis.
Improved sonographic visualization of choledocholithiasis
Authors: Dong Baowei , Chen Minhua 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonographic diagnosis of gallstones in the distal part of extrahepatic duct is not easy. A number of new techniques have been used by the authors to improve the detection rate of these stones. They include filling the duodenum and gastric antrum with drinking water, scanning after a fatty meal, and changing the patient's position during scanning. Ultrasound successfully identified choledocholithiasis in 78 of 104 patients for a sensitivity of 75%. There were 26 false‐negative cases. The chief causes of the false negatives were obscuration of the distal duct by overlying bowel gas, missing of small stone in a nondilated bile duct, and misdiagnosis of soft pigment or an impacted stone having an atypical hypoechoic image in the distal duct as a tumor. False‐positive diagnosis occurred in 32 out of 188 noncalculous cases, giving a specificity of 83%. These cases represent various hyperechoic lesions in the neck of gallbladder, cystic duct, and periampullary region. The overall diagnostic accuracy of gallstones in the extrahepatic bile duct by ultrasound was 80% (234/292).
Gallbladder wall thickening: A frequent finding in various nonbiliary disorders—a prospective ultrasonographic study
Authors: Wegener Martin , Börsch Gereon , Schneider Jost , Wedmann Bernd , Winter Ralf , Zacharias Johannes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comprehensive prospective ultrasonographic study was performed in 93 patients to investigate gallbladder wall thickness and gallbladder volumes in various nonbiliary disease states. Without changes in gallbladder volume, mean gallbladder wall thickness was significantly increased (p 0.01) in patients with liver cirrhosis, viral hepatitis, chronic congestive heart failure, hypoalbuminemia, and chronic renal failure (p < 0.05) but not in patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 14) as compared to a control group. The present study confirms that a variety of nonbiliary disorders are associated with significant thickening of gallbladder walls and that this finding is not caused by incomplete gallbladder contraction.
Fetal echocardiography: The prenatal diagnosis of tricuspid atresia (type ic) during the second trimester of pregnancy
Authors: De Vore Greggory R. , Siassi Bijan , Platt Lawrence D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFetal echocardiography (real‐time and M‐mode) was used to evaluate a fetus at 20 weeks of gestation because intermittent bradycardia had been auscultated at 14 weeks of gestation. Real‐time examination of the four‐chamber view suggested ventricular disproportion with the left ventricle larger than the right, absence of the tricuspid valve, atrial and ventricular septal defects, and normal pulmonic and aortic outflow tracts. M‐mode quantitation demonstrated a dilated left ventricle, small right ventricle, dilated mitral valve, hypertrophy of the left ventricular wall, and normal outflow tract dimensions. Following the diagnosis of tricuspid atresia (type Ic), genetic amniocentesis was performed (46,XX). Intrauterine death occurred during the 28th week of gestation. Autopsy confirmed the echocardiographic findings.
Fetal lung to liver reflectivity ratio and lung maturity
Authors: Feingold Michael , Scollins James , Cetrulo Curtis L. , Koza Douglas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pilot study examined 23 patients who underwent simultaneous ultrasound and amniocentesis to determine whether the ratio of densitometrically determined tissue densities of fetal lung and liver correlate with the US, the OD 650, or phosphatidylglycerol levels. The incidence of a lung/liver ratio > 1 of 65% was similar to that of maturity levels of the standard tests. However, there was no statistically significant correlation between an UL > 1 and/or any maturity parameter tested, nor was there any correlation with the absence of pulmonary maturity. We conclude that this test cannot be reliably used to predict US, OD 650 reading, or PG levels.