bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular Structure of Starch from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Relative to Kuzu Starch
Authors: Du Xianfeng , Jia Jianhua , Xu Shiying , Zhou Yibin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe molecular structures of starches from Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi were examined and compared with those of other tuberous and root starches. The fresh tubers were collected from three Chinese main Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi growing regions. The chain distributions of the amylopectins as determined by gel permeation chromatography were similar to those of the amylopectins of other starches. Among the three amylopectins studied, the respective β‐amylolysis limits were 55%, 56% and 58% which were similar to that of kuzu amylopectin. The number average degree of polymerization ($\displaystyle \overline {{\tf="PS_HENI"DP}_n } $) values of the amylopectins were 8.7‐9.7×103, lower than those of sweet potato and potato amylopectins (9.9×103 and 11.2×103, respectively). The number of branch chains per amylose molecule was 5.0. The average chain length ($\displaystyle \overline {{\tf="PS_HENI"CL}} $) of the Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi amyloses was similar to those of kuzu (310), sweet potato (310) and tapioca amyloses (340), but lower than those of lily (475) and potato (670).
Effect of Heat‐Moisture Treatment on Structural and Thermal Properties of Rice Starches Differing in Amylose Content
Authors: Khunae Parida , Tran Thierry , Sirivongpaisal Piyarat 
Published: December 2007

AbstractStarches from glutinous rice (1.4% amylose), Jasmine rice (15.0% amylose) and Chiang rice (20.2% amylose) were exposed to heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) at 100 °C for 16 h and at different moisture levels (18, 21, 24 and 27%). The effect of heat‐moisture treatment on structural and thermal properties of these three rice starches was investigated. The HMT did not change the size, shape and surface characteristics of rice starch granules. The A‐type crystalline pattern of rice starches remained unchanged after HMT. The relative crystallinity (RC) and the ratio of short‐range molecular order to amorphous (RSA) of heat‐moisture treated glutinous and Jasmine rice starches decreased with increasing moisture level of the treatments. In contrast, the RC of the treated Chiang rice starch remained practically unchanged. A peak of crystalline V‐amylose‐lipid complexes was clearly presented in all treated Chiang rice starches. The peak became progressively stronger with increasing moisture level of the treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of all treated rice starches showed a shift of the gelatinization temperature to higher values. Increasing moisture level of the treatments increased the onset gelatinization temperature (To) but decreased the gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) of rice starches. A broad gelatinization temperature range (Tc‐To) with a biphasic endotherm was found for all treated Chiang rice starches and Jasmine rice starch after HMT27 (HMT at 27% moisture level). Additionally the (Tc‐To) of treated Chiang rice starches increased linearly with increasing moisture level of the treatments.
Structural Transformation of Sago Starch by Heat‐Moisture and Osmotic‐Pressure Treatment
Authors: Pukkahuta Chirdchan , Varavinit Saiyavit 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSago starch was modified by osmotic‐pressure treatment (OPT) and heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) and physicochemical characteristics were compared. In OPT, sago starch was suspended in saturated sodium sulfate solution and heated for 1 h at 100, 110 and 120°C, corresponding to a calculated osmotic pressure of 32,728, 33,640 and 34,552 kPa (assuming sodium sulfate dissociates completely), respectively, and in HMT, sago starch with 20% moisture content was used. Change of X‐ray diffraction pattern from C‐type to A‐type was obtained for OPT and HMT starch at 110°C and 120 °C, respectively. RVA viscograms of both OPT and HMT starch exhibited a decrease of peak and breakdown viscosity but increase of final viscosity and pasting temperature. Onset (To), peak (Tp), and conclusion temperature (Tc) of gelatinization of both OPT and HMT starch increased significantly with increase of treatment temperature. Biphasic broadening of Tp was observed for HMT starch indicating an inhomogeneous heat transfer during HMT. The observed narrow peaks of DSC curves indicated better homogeneity of OPT. These properties suggest that OPT starch is more suitable for large‐scale production.
Comparison of Starch Physicochemical Properties from Medium‐Grain Rice Cultivars Grown in California and Arkansas
Authors: Cameron Devon K. , Wang Ya‐Jane , Moldenhauer Karen A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe starch molecular structure and physicochemical properties of two medium‐grain rice cultivars from Arkansas (Bengal, Medark) and from California (M202, M204) were determined and compared when they were grown in their respective locations and grown together in Arkansas to better understand the impacts of genetics and environment on starch characteristics. Both M202 and M204 contained significantly higher amylose contents (13.2‐15.3%) compared with the Arkansas cultivars (11.6‐12.4%). Starch from the Arkansas rice cultivars exhibited higher pasting and gelatinization temperatures and higher enthalpy values. Rice amylopectin from the California cultivars consisted of a smaller proportion of intermediate chains (DP 13‐24), and had a lower molecular weight and a smaller radius of gyration. When the four cultivars were grown together in Arkansas, the ranges for amylose content narrowed (10.6‐12.4%), their differences in thermal and pasting properties became smaller, and the molecular characteristics of amylose and amylopectin changed for all four cultivars. This study demonstrated that genetics, location, and crop year all contributed to variations in rice starch fine structure and physicochemical properties.
Seeking evidence for “curricular relevancy” within undergraduate, liberal arts chemistry textbooks
Authors: Naughton Wendy , Schreck James , Heikkinen Henry 
Published: December 2007

AbstractInterviews with representatives of nine municipal agencies involved in air‐quality education were analyzed for concepts and skills perceived as important for citizens in addressing air‐quality concerns. Interviewees focused mainly on general air quality‐related understandings (60.2%), although cognitive skills (22.0%) and specific concepts (17.8%) were also mentioned. The major categories of desired air‐quality understandings identified in interviews included sources, impact, detection, and transport of air pollutants. Identified cognitive skills focused on information‐gathering and ‐evaluating abilities, enabling informed air‐quality decision making. Eight Learning Goal Sets generated from interview data and validated via peer and member checks helped guide a content analysis of six undergraduate liberal arts chemistry textbooks. Overall, sampled chemistry textbooks supported the previously identified air‐quality concepts and skills. However, few textbooks directly confronted interviewee‐reported, air quality‐related misconceptions and inabilities. Instructional and research implications of these validated air‐quality learning goals and subsequent textbook analyses are discussed. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 45: 174–196, 2008.
Prenatal diagnosis of dumbbell neuroblastoma
Authors: Delahaye S. , Doz F. , Sonigo P. , Saada J. , Mitanchez D. , Sarnacki S. , Benachi A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA neuroblastoma that develops in the sympathetic nodes can infiltrate the intervertebral foramina and invade the spinal canal, leading to spinal cord and nerve root compression and neurological impairment. Dumbbell neuroblastomas are now considered to be unresectable tumors and preoperative chemotherapy is recommended. We report the prenatal diagnosis of a dumbbell neuroblastoma successfully managed through premature delivery followed by immediate chemotherapy. We suggest that delivering prematurely in such cases is only of benefit if chemotherapy can be administered under favorable conditions. Chemotherapy should proceed immediately after delivery in order to reduce the size of the tumoral mass and its effects on the spine. Copyright © 2007 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Localization of networks using various ranging bias models
Authors: Picard Joseph Shmuel , Weiss Anthony Joseph 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGiven a network of stations with incomplete and possibly imprecise inter‐station range measurements, it is required to find the relative positions of the stations. Several models for the bias in the range estimates are discussed. We present a set of iterative algorithms that cope successfully with the various bias models and provide Maximum Likelihood position estimates. Proof of convergence is provided. A procedure, albeit designed for precise measurements, is also proposed for the initialization of the iterative algorithms. We also present compact, matrix form expression for the Cramér—Rao Bound (CRB). Numerical examples are provided to corroborate the results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An efficient and attack‐resistant key agreement scheme for secure group communications in mobile ad‐hoc networks
Authors: Balachandran Ravi K. , Zou Xukai , Ramamurthy Byrav , Thukral Amandeep , Variyam Vinodchandran N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAs a result of the growing popularity of wireless networks, in particular mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), security over such networks has become very important. Trust establishment, key management, authentication, and authorization are important areas that need to be thoroughly researched before security in MANETs becomes a reality. This work studies the problem of secure group communications (SGCs) and key management over MANETs. It identifies the key features of any SGC scheme over such networks. AUTH‐CRTDH, an efficient key agreement scheme with authentication capability for SGC over MANETs, is proposed. Compared to the existing schemes, the proposed scheme has many desirable features such as contributory and efficient computation of group key, uniform work load for all members, few rounds of rekeying, efficient support for user dynamics, key agreement without member serialization and defense against the Man‐in‐the‐Middle attack, and the Least Common Multiple (LCM) attack. These properties make the proposed scheme well suited for MANETs. The implementation results show that the proposed scheme is computationally efficient and scales well to a large number of mobile users. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MUSAQ: a multimedia session‐aware QoS provisioning scheme for cellular networks
Authors: Rizvi Mona El‐Kadi , Olariu Stephan 
Published: December 2007

AbstractNetworked multimedia applications involve a set of cooperating streams that together form amultimedia session. Existing QoS provisioning schemes for multimedia applications in cellular networks either allow composite streams to compete with one another for resources or else provide QoS to a session as an atomic entity, leaving to the application the task of managing QoS for the individual streams. The main contribution of this work is to propose a novel local QoS provisioning scheme for cellular networks that is aware of the relationships between the streams that compose a session. Our new Multimedia Session‐Aware QoS (MUSAQ) provisioning scheme manages the QoS of the individual streams in a session, and, with the knowledge of their relationships, it prevents destructive competition between the streams. Further, by allowing application‐specified prioritization between streams in a session, MUSAQ features a significant improvement in performance over session‐unaware schemes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formalizing non-interference for a simple bytecode language in Coq
Authors: Kammüller Florian 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In this paper, we describe the application of the interactive theorem prover Coq to the security analysis of bytecode as used in Java. We provide a generic specification and proof of non-interference for bytecode languages using the Coq module system. We illustrate the use of this formalization by applying it to a small subset of Java bytecode. The emphasis of the paper is on modularity of a language formalization and its analysis in a machine proof.
One-pot Synthesis of Soluble Nanoscale CIGS Photoactive Functional Materials
Authors: Lin Ying , Chen Yu , Feng Miao , Yan Aixia , Zhuang Xiaodong 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Promising alternatives for solar energy utilization are thin film technologies involving various new materials. This contribution describes an easy and inexpensive synthetic method that can be used to prepare soluble nanoscale triphenyl phosphine-coordinated CIGS (TPP-CIGS) photoactive functional materials. This complex is stable in the solid state under the irradiation of the ambient light, but its solution becomes a little bit unstable under the illumination of the low intensity laser.
Valproate (depakine-chrono) in the acute treatment of outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder without psychiatric comorbidity: Randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study
Authors: Aliyev Nadir A. , Aliyev Zafar N. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveAnxiety disorders are highly prevalent in population of European countries. However, the effect of Valproate (depakine-chrono) on generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) has not been studied in a double-blind placebo-controlled design.MethodEighty patients (all men) were washout from the all medications. Each patient was randomized to receive either depakine-chrono (40 patients) for 6 weeks or matched placebo (40 patients) in a double-blind manner. Eligible participants, in addition to meeting the DSM-IV criteria for GAD and having a minimum score of 25 and more on the Hamilton Anxiety Scale, were required to be between 18 and 65 years. Response was defined as a 50% reduction in the Hamilton anxiety scale score. Response and side effects with depakine-chrono and placebo were compared by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. Six patients did not return for at least one subsequent assessment, leaving 74 patients (36 taking depakine-chrono and 38 taking placebo) in the valuables study group.ResultsTwenty six of the 36 depakine-chrono-treated participants responded by 6 weeks, versus six of the 38 placebo-treated participants (p< 0.001). The most common and problematic side effect in the depakine-chrono group was dizziness and nausea.ConclusionsThe authors believe this to be the first double-blind placebo-controlled randomization study to test the efficacy of a depakine-chrono in the management of anxiety disorders. They need to be replicated in a larger study group.
Intimate partner violence and unplanned pregnancy in the Pacific Islands Families Study
Authors: Gao Wanzhen , Paterson Janis , Carter Sarnia , Iusitini Leon 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between maternal intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization and unplanned pregnancy.MethodMothers of the Pacific Islands Families (PIF) Study cohort of Pacific infants born in Auckland, New Zealand during 2000 were interviewed when the children were 6 weeks old. A total of 1088 mothers cohabiting in married or de‐facto partnerships were questioned about IPV and whether their pregnancy had been planned.ResultsWomen identified as victims of physical violence were more likely to report an unplanned pregnancy than those who were not victims (68.7% vs 55.1%, odds ratio [OR] 1.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.32–2.40). The adjusted odds remained statistically significant (OR 1.52; 95% CI, 1.01–2.26).ConclusionThe findings of this study suggest an association between IPV and unplanned pregnancy in the Pacific birth cohort.
Fragmentation and clearance of Liberia's forests during 1986-2000
Authors: Christie T. , Steininger M.K. , Juhn D. , Peal A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report estimates of the area and rate of loss and fragmentation of Liberian forests from 1986 to 2000. These estimates are based on comprehensive mapping using Landsat satellite imagery, which has a resolution of 28.5 m. We estimate a total forest cover of 4.65 million ha in 1986 and 4.33 million ha in 2000. Most of Liberia's remaining forest is in two large regions. These forests are very important biologically because they are the largest remaining forest areas in West Africa. The average deforestation rate was low at 0.2% per year during 1986–2000. Although the fragmentation of Liberia's forests is also relatively low, most of the remaining forest is readily accessible as it is within a few km of existing roads. This ease of accessibility suggests that the present low deforestation rate could increase if conservation planning is not effectively implemented.
Assessing the conservation status of the tiger Panthera tigris at priority sites in Peninsular Malaysia
Authors: Lynam Antony J. , Laidlaw Ruth , Wan Noordin Wan Shaharuddin , Elagupillay Sivananthan , Bennett Elizabeth L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWildlife managers require status and distribution information for informed decisions. Recognizing the tiger's globally threatened status and potential as an umbrella species for protection of forested landscapes, camera trap surveys for tigers and other large mammals have been conducted since 1997 in Peninsular Malaysia with the aim of assessing the population status of tigers in the Peninsula. Results from surveys at nine sites between December 1997 and December 1999 are reported here. Tigers were confirmed from six sites in the Main Range and Greater Taman Negara landscape, with multiple locations inside putative priority tiger areas. Although the data were collected 8 years ago, they are supplemented with more recent information, including tiger-human conflict investigations during 2000–2005 that indicate tiger persistence at these sites. Tiger density estimates were 0.51–1.95 tigers per 100 km2. With results from other surveys, this suggests a national population of up to several hundred tigers. A thorough survey, with sufficient resources, should be carried out in the future to derive a more reliable tiger population estimate for Malaysia. Key threats are habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting of prey, commercial trade in tiger parts, and harassment and displacement. Recommendations for the recovery of tigers in Peninsular Malaysia are provided.
Partnerships for tropical conservation
Authors: Vermeulen Sonja , Sheil Douglas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAchieving effective conservation in the tropics is a global concern but implicates local people. Despite considerable rhetoric about local participation the vast majority of conservation initiatives continue to be devised and controlled by a small group of powerful, external voices. What is widely overlooked is that local people often have positive conservation goals and preferences. These overlap with global values and create a strong precedent for practice, providing the basis for strategic alliances with conservation agencies. Local people can be part of a solution, rather than of the problem, if they are given the opportunity. While as yet unfamiliar to many conservationists, partnerships with local people are working in other natural resource sectors (water, commercial forestry). Strong partnerships entail shared decision making, shared risks and a balance of rights and responsibilities between external conservation agencies and local interest groups. Partnerships are no panacea, but a real commitment to partnership offers conservation outcomes that are more ethical and often more practicable than current models.
The use of hydroelectric lakes by giant ottersPteronura brasiliensis: Balbina lake in central Amazonia, Brazil
Authors: Rosas Fernando C.W. , Ely de Mattos Gália , Mendes Cabral Márcia Munick 
Published: December 2007

AbstractData on the occurrence and habitat use of giant ottersPteronura brasiliensisin the 4,437 km2of Balbina hydroelectric lake in central Amazonia, Brazil, were collected from September 2001 to December 2005. Twenty-nine groups of giant otters were recorded in an area corresponding to 10% of the total reservoir. Despite the fact that it is a hydroelectric lake, the water level can vary annually by up to 3.5 m with the Amazonian seasonal flood pulse. A total of 210 dens, communal latrines and campsites of giant otters were located. An average of 37% of the dens observed were classified as in use, and the species was recorded in the lake throughout the year. Giant otters started their daily activities between 05.23 and 08.05. The average height of den openings was 28.77 ± SD 10.00 cm, with an average width of 56.11 ± SD 19.17 cm. Births in Balbina occur mainly during the period of high and receding water level, as reported for giant otters in other Amazonian areas. There are at least two conditions that enable the species to inhabit hydroelectric reservoirs: (1) presence of the species in the area before dam construction and (2) absence or low numbers of human communities around the reservoir. The potential use of hydroelectric lakes for the conservation of the giant otter in the Amazon is discussed.
Extirpation and reintroduction of the Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus in Corsica
Authors: Kidjo Nicolas , Feracci Gérard , Bideau Eric , Gonzalez Georges , Mattéi César , Marchand Bernard , Aulagnier Stéphane 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Endangered Corsican red deer Cervus elaphus corsicanus was extirpated from Corsica in the early 1970s, at which time the Sardinian population fell to <250 individuals. The Sardinian authorities agreed to protect this subspecies and to secure its reintroduction in Corsica, a natural choice, considering ethological and historical descriptions. Since the beginning of 1985, when the first deer destined for captive breeding and eventual reintroduction arrived in Corsica, the population increased from 13 Sardinian founders to 106 captive animals under constant monitoring in three enclosures (Quenza, Casabianda and Ania di Fium'Orbu). The sites of Quenza, Chisà and Santo Pietro di Venaco were selected by the Regional Nature Park of Corsica for the reintroduction into the wild that began in 1998. Currently the size of the whole Corsican population is c. 250 individuals. These deer are still closely monitored and studied, both in enclosures and in the wild, to secure the long-term conservation of this subspecies. The Corsican and Sardinian populations together now total slightly >1,000, and the subspecies could therefore be downgraded to Near Threatened on the IUCN Red List.
Habitat preferences of tigers Panthera tigris in the Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh, and management recommendations
Authors: Khan M. Monirul H. , Chivers David J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe examined the habitat preferences of tigers Panthera tigris in four habitat types in the Sundarbans East Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh. Transect sampling was used to count tiger signs. Mean densities of signs of feeding, resting, defaecation and interaction were significantly different between the four main habitat types (mangrove woodlands, grasslands, sea beaches and transitional areas), whereas movement, scratch-scent-urinal and other signs were not significantly different. This indicates that tigers have habitat preferences for at least some activities. Similar patterns were found in the densities of movement and feeding signs, as well as of resting and defaecation signs, across the four different habitat types. Tigers were found to use soft-barked trees for scratching more often than other types.