bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural and thermal behavior of comb‐like polymer having n‐octadecyl side chains
Authors: Saikia Prakash J. , Baruah Shashi D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe cocrystallization behavior of poly(n‐octadecyl methacrylate) (POMA) and its blends with corresponding fatty acid (n‐octadecanoic acid) (C18) was explored by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction studies. The DSC curves for blended samples of POMA with C18 show the characteristic melting endotherms that correspond to the melting of the cystallites. The existence of hexagonally packed crystalline lattice is confirmed from the X‐ray diffraction studies. Thermal degradation of the polymer and its blend proceeds in a one‐step reaction. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1226–1231, 2007
Collection and identification of organic materials accumulated on a rubber composite
Authors: Choi Sung‐Seen , Ha Sung‐Ho 
Published: January 2007

AbstractRubber composites are composed of rubber(s), reinforcing filler(s), crosslinking agents, antidegradants, and processing aids. Organic materials with low molecular weight can migrate to the surface of the rubber composite and get accumulated on the surface. The bloomed materials make the appearance worse and contaminate the surroundings. It is not easy to collect successfully the bloomed materials without damage to the sample. The collecting methods of scratching with a polished glass, heating with an iron, scrubbing with solvent‐soaked cellulose tissue, and scrubbing with solvent‐soaked melamine foam were compared. The collected materials were analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The scrubbing with solvent‐soaked melanine foam or with solvent‐soaked cellulose tissue was found to be recommendable. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1260–1264, 2007
Arsenic detection by nanogold/conducting‐polymer‐modified glassy carbon electrodes
Authors: Chowdhury Al‐Nakib , Ferdousi Sara , Islam Md. Mominul , Okajima Takeyoshi , Ohsaka Takeo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article discusses the results for the development of a nanogold‐particle/polyaniline‐modified glassy carbon electrode for the detection of arsenic(III) in water. A thin polyaniline film was electropolymerized onto a glassy carbon electrode. The gold nanoparticle was then deposited onto the polyaniline‐coated glassy carbon electrode via potential step electrolysis from 1.1 to 0 V versus Ag/AgCl/NaCl (saturated) for 45 s from a 0.5M H2SO4 solution containing 0.1 mM NaAuCl4 in the absence and presence of a 0.1 mM KI additive. The surface of the modified electrode was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Cyclic and anodic stripping voltammetry of arsenic(III) was performed on the modified electrode. The thus modified nanogold‐particle/polyaniline‐modified glassy carbon electrode prepared in the presence of the I− (KI) additive showed a high sensitivity in detecting arsenic(III) in water, and with stripping voltammetry, a limit of detection of 0.4 ppb arsenic was obtained, which is much lower than the arsenic guideline limit of the World Health Organization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1306–1311, 2007
Biobased thermosets from the free‐radical copolymerization of conjugated linseed oil
Authors: Henna Phillip H. , Andjelkovic Dejan D. , Kundu Petit P. , Larock Richard C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNew polymeric thermosets were prepared through the bulk free‐radical copolymerization of 100% conjugated linseed oil, acrylonitrile, and divinylbenzene. Under the appropriate reaction conditions and with the appropriate curing sequence, 61–96 wt % of the oil was incorporated into the crosslinked thermosets. The resulting yellow, transparent thermosets varied from being soft and flexible to being hard and brittle. Dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetric analysis showed that these thermosets had good mechanical properties and thermal stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 979–985, 2007
Characterization of molecular orientation in injection–stretch–blow‐molded poly(ethylene terephthalate) bottles by means of external reflection infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Ben Daly H. , Cole K. C. , Nguyen K. T. , Sanschagrin B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe molecular orientation at the outer surface of injection–stretch–blow‐molded bottles made from poly(ethylene terephthalate) was characterized and quantified by means of front‐surface reflection infrared spectroscopy based on a method developed previously. Results were obtained for two different bottle shapes (cylindrical and rectangular) molded at different injection mold temperatures (16, 38, and 60°C). For the cylindrical bottles, the preferred molecular chain orientation was found to be in the axial direction, with the Hermans orientation function near 0.3 for all three mold temperatures. For the less symmetrical rectangular bottles, a significant difference was observed between the large and small faces. For the large face, the orientation was mainly in the hoop direction; the Hermans orientation function was in the range of 0.3–0.5 and was essentially the same at all mold temperatures and positions along the bottle height. For the small face, on the other hand, the preferred orientation changed from the hoop direction near the bottom to the axial direction near the top, and the variation was more pronounced at lower mold temperatures. The utility of the front‐surface reflection technique was clearly demonstrated. It was also applied, with the use of an infrared microscope, to examine the orientation gradient across the wall thickness. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1319–1327, 2007
Modification of isotactic polypropylene by the free‐radical grafting of 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate
Authors: Mousavi‐Saghandikolaei Seyyed Abbas , Frounchi Masoud , Dadbin Susan , Augier Sylvain , Passaglia Elisa , Ciardelli Francesco 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe chemical modification of isotactic polypropylene was performed by the free‐radical‐promoted grafting of 1,1,1‐trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA) in the presence of dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as the initiator. The reaction was carried out both in a batch internal mixer and in a corotating twin‐screw extruder; the effects of the peroxide and monomer concentrations on the extent of modification in terms of the grafting efficiency and polymer chain structure variations were investigated. The modified samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared to determine the structure of the grafted groups and the degree of functionalization, with gel permeation chromatography and the melt flow index to evaluate changes in the molecular weight, and with differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis to measure the final thermal properties. In addition, solvent extraction with xylene was performed to highlight the presence of gel and its extent. The structure of the grafted groups was determined, and the number of grafted groups was quantitatively evaluated. The degree of functionalization increased with an increasing TMPTMA/DCP molar ratio. Thermal analysis results hinted at the presence of grafted chains with an increased percentage of TMPTMA. Although degradation reactions predominated at high amounts of peroxide, grafting and branching processes became competitive at high levels of TMPTMA. The balance between competing β‐scission and grafting/branching reactions could be adjusted on the basis of feed conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 950–958, 2007
Oxygen and water vapor gas barrier poly(ethylene naphthalate) films by deposition of SiOx plasma polymers from mixture of tetramethoxysilane and oxygen
Authors: Inagaki N. , Cech V. , Narushima K. , Takechi Y. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSiOx films were deposited from a mixture of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and oxygen on poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) film using ion‐assisted plasma polymerization technique (Method II) and conventional plasma polymerization technique (Method I), and were compared in chemical composition and gas barrier properties. Methods I and II were different in electrical circuit between electrodes (anode and cathode) and electric power supply. In Method I, the anode electrode was grounded, and the cathode electrode was coupled to the discharge power supply. In Method II, the anode electrode was connected with the discharge power supply, and the cathode electrode was grounded. There was not large difference in SiOx deposition rate between the plasma polymerizations by Methods I and II. Plasma polymers deposited from TMOS/O2 mixtures by Method II possessed smaller C/Si and O/Si atomic ratios than those deposited by Method I and showed advantage in gas barrier properties. The oxygen and water vapor permeation rates were 0.08–0.13 cm3 m−2 day−1 atm−1 at 30°C at 90% RH and 0.244–0.276 g m−2 day−1 at 40°C at 90% RH, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that the ion‐assisted plasma polymerization is a useful technique for deposition of gas barrier SiOx thin films. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 915–925, 2007
The preparation and characterization of high‐performance and thermally stable electroluminescent poly(p‐phenylene‐vinylene‐b‐oligoethylene oxide)
Authors: Zhu Lu , Tang Xiaozheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo luminescent block copolymers (PPVPEO200 and PPVPEO600), composed of poly(p‐phenylene‐vinylene) (PPV) segments with three phenylene vinylene units and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) segments with molecular weight of 200 and 600, respectively, have been successfully synthesized. The structures of the copolymers were verified using FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. Single‐layer polymer light‐emitting electrochemical cells (LEC) devices fabricated on the bases of thin films of PPVPEO600 and on the bases of thin films of blends of PPVPEO200 with additional PEO both demonstrated good electroluminescent (EL) performance with the onset voltage of 2.6 V and EL efficiency of 0.64 cd/A and 0.68 cd/A at 3.2 V, respectively. Thermal analysis shows that the decomposition temperature of PPVPEO600 is about 305°C, which is higher than that of PPVPEO200 and PEO. AFM studies of PPVPEO600 thin films exhibits that the block copolymer self‐assembles to form nanoscale network structures with pseudo‐cross‐linking points, thus accounting for its high thermal stability and good EL performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1118–1125, 2007
Novel application of partial carboxymethylation in the wet processing of linen fabric
Authors: Higazy A. , Ramadan M. A. , Hebeish A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractScoured linen fabrics were treated with NaOH at different concentrations (1–7N). Unscoured (gray) linen fabrics were modified via partial carboxymethylation under different conditions, including monochloroacetic acid concentration (1–4N), sodium hydroxide concentration (0.5–3.5N), reaction time (30–180 min), and reaction temperature (30–90°C). Alkali treated and partially carboxymethylated linen fabrics were bleached using H2O2 (20 g/L), sodium silicate (3 g/L), and nonionic wetting agent (1 g/L) at pH 10 for 150 min at 95°C. The unbleached and bleached linen fabrics (alkali treated and partially carboxymethylated) were assessed for technical properties, namely, whiteness index (W.I.), loss in fabric weight, copper number, carboxyl content, and H2O2 decomposition percent. A comparison was made between the properties of the two substrates. It indicates that the properties of partially carboxymethylated linen fabric were comparable, if not superior, to alkali treated linen fabric. Hence it is advantageous to introduce partial carboxymethylation in the wet processing of linen fabrics since scouring and alkali treatment can be omitted. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 996–1001, 2007
Polymer modified grass fiber, part 1: Characterization of grass fiber and assessment of properties of polymer modified fiber
Authors: Debasish De  , Debapriya De  , Adhikari Basudam 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNatural fibers are used for reinforcement of ecofriendly green composites. These grass fibers have wide range of applications for the preparation of various domestic goods and handicraft items. But the chemical composition of the grass fiber has not been reported; therefore composition analysis of grass fiber was carried out. Morphology of the dry grass was studied by using scanning electron microscopy. Since the grass fiber contains around 22% water‐soluble matters, we have studied its influence on the tensile strength and aging characteristics. The tensile strength of the grass fiber was measured before and after water leaching. This study has shown a definite scope for the suitability of grass fiber in composite applications. To improve the strength of grass fiber, modification with various polymers such as P‐F resin, polyurethane and acrylamide was carried out. Moisture absorption property of unleached, water‐leached and different polymer modified fiber was also evaluated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1095–1103, 2007
Characterizing composite of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and POE‐g‐AA prepared via melting method
Authors: Wu Chin‐San 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMultiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) with acyl chloride functional groups and a metallocene polyethylene–octene elastomer (POE) or an acrylic acid‐grafted metallocene polyethylene–octene elastomer (POE‐g‐AA) were used to prepare hybrids (POE/MWNTs or POE‐g‐AA/MWNTs) using a melting method, with a view to identify a hybrid with improved thermal properties. Hybrids were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 13C solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetry analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. MWNTs were purified using acid treatment, and results showed that COOH of MWNTs increased with acid treatment time and leveled off after 24‐h treatment. Much better dispersion and homogeneity of MWNTs was obtained with POE‐g‐AA in place of POE as the matrix. As a result, tensile strength at break of POE‐g‐AA/MWNTs was significantly improved even at 5 wt % MWNT content. Moreover, temperature of thermal decomposition for POE‐g‐AA/MWNTs was about 40–50°C higher than that for POE‐g‐AA, indicating higher thermal stability. This was because the carboxylic acid groups in POE‐g‐AA and the acyl chloride functional sites in MWNTs allow the formation of stronger chemical bonds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1328–1337, 2007
The effects of maleic anhydride terpolymer and its ester derivatives on tensile bond strength between the acrylic resin and resilient lining material
Authors: Dogan O. Murat , Bolayõõir Giray , Boztuğ Ali , Turgut Mehmet , Zengin H. Bayram 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated the effects on the bonding between the denture base acrylic resin and the soft silicon based lining material of maleic anhydride‐styrene‐vinyl acetate (MA‐St‐VA) terpolymer and some of its ester derivatives. These ester derivatives were n‐propylmaleate‐styrene‐vinyl acetate (n‐PrMA‐St‐VA), n‐buthylmaleate‐styrene‐vinyl acetate (n‐BuMA‐St‐VA) and n‐benzylmaleate‐styrene‐vinyl acetate (n‐BzMA‐St‐VA). Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy method was used to determine interactions between terpolymers with the acrylic resin and soft lining material. The tensile bond strength of all the groups was compared and the obtained differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The highest value was found for the samples lined with n‐BuMA‐St‐VA (2.11 ± 0.21 MPa) and the samples lined with n‐BzMA‐St‐VA had the lowest bond strength (0.3 ± 0.12 MPa). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1338–1341, 2007
Effects of olefin‐based compatibilizers on the morphology, thermal and mechanical properties of ABS/polyamide‐6 blends
Authors: Ozkoc Guralp , Bayram Goknur , Bayramli Erdal 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this study, commercially available epoxidized and maleated olefinic copolymers, EMA‐GMA (ethylene‐methyl acrylate‐glycidyl methacrylate) and EnBACO‐MAH (ethylene‐n butyl acrylate‐carbon monoxide‐maleic anhydride), were used at 0, 5, and 10% by weight to compatibilize the blend composed of ABS (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) terpolymer and PA6 (polyamide 6). Compatibilizing performance of these two olefinic polymers was investigated from blend morphologies, thermal and mechanical properties as a function of blend composition, and compatibilizer loading level. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies showed that incorporation of compatibilizer resulted in a fine morphology with reduced dispersed particle diameter at the presence of 5% compatibilizer. The crystallization behavior of PA6 phase in the blends was explored for selected blend compositions by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). At high compatibilizer level a decrease in the degree of crystallization was observed. In 10% compatibilizer containing blends, formation of γ‐crystals was observed contrary to other compatibilizer compositions. The behavior of the compatibilized blend system in tensile testing showed the negative effect of using excess compatibilizer. Different trends in yield strengths and strain at break values were observed depending on compatibilizer type, loading level, and blend composition. With 5% EnBACO‐MAH, the blend toughness was observed to be the highest at room temperature. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 926–935, 2007
Controlled‐release polymers for delivery of dipyridyls and tetraalkyl ammonium hydroxide
Authors: Carrington Nathan A. , Rodman D. Lynn , Goswami Kisholoy , Xue Zi‐Ling 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA method to incorporate 2,2′‐(or 4,4′‐)dipyridyl and tetra‐n‐butylammonium hydroxide into poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) monoliths and the controlled‐release properties of these polymer monoliths for delivery of the reagents are reported. The monoliths were prepared by heating PVA beads until they formed a viscous liquid and then loading the molten polymers with the desired reagents. Several freeze‐thaw cycles were then carried out to provide the mechanically stable, reagent‐loaded monoliths. The release of the reagents from the PVA monoliths was monitored by UV–vis spectroscopy, and the release was found to proceed in a controlled manner, yielding consistent results among different reagent‐loaded PVA monoliths. In addition, the reagents underwent no chemical changes upon their release from the monoliths. Limitations of the use of the controlled‐released chemicals as replenished reagents in Fujiwara reactions for the continuous monitoring of halocarbons are discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1043–1048, 2007
Crystallization kinetics of iPP: Influence of operating conditions and molecular parameters
Authors: La Carrubba V. , Piccarolo S. , Brucato V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn analysis of the crystallization kinetics of different grades of isotactic polypropylene (iPP) is here presented. To describe the crystallization kinetics as a function of molecular and operating parameters, the methodological path followed was the preparation of quenched samples of known cooling histories, calorimetric crystallization isotherms tests, differential scanning calorimetry cooling ramps, wide angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements, and density determination. The WAXD analysis performed on the quenched iPP samples confirmed that during the fast cooling at least a crystalline structure and a mesomorphic one form. The diffractograms were analyzed by a deconvolution procedure, to identify the relationship between the cooling history and the distribution of the crystalline phases. The whole body of results (including calorimetric ones) provides a wide basis for the identification of a crystallization model suitable to describe solidification in polymer‐processing operations, based on the Kolmogoroff–Avrami–Evans nonisothermal approach. The kinetic parameters, determined for all the materials, are discussed, highlighting the effect of molecular parameters on the crystallization kinetics: molecular mass and distribution, tacticity, nucleating agents, and ethylene units content. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1358–1367, 2007
Preparation of poly(divinylbenzene‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) microspheres and their hydrogen‐bonding assembly behavior for raspberry‐like core‐corona polymer composite
Authors: Li Guoliang , Song Yanyan , Yang Xinlin , Huang Wenqiang 
Published: January 2007

AbstractNarrowdisperse poly(divinylbenzene‐co‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly(DVB‐co‐NIPAM)) functional microspheres with the diameter in the range of 630 nm and 2.58 μm were prepared by distillation–precipitation polymerization in neat acetonitrile in the absence of any stabilizer. The effect of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) ratio in the comonomer feed on the morphology of the resultant polymer particles was investigated in detail with divinylbenzene (DVB) as crosslinker and 2,2′‐azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. The monodisperse poly(DVB‐co‐NIPAM) microspheres with NIPAM fraction of 20 wt % were selected for the preparation of raspberry‐like core‐corona polymer composite by the hydrogen‐bonding self‐assembly heterocoagulation with poly(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate‐co‐acrylic acid) [poly(EGDMA‐co‐AA)] nanospheres. Both of the functional poly(DVB‐co‐NIPAM) microspheres and the core‐corona particles were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and elemental analysis (EA). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 1350–1357, 2007
Production of yoghurt with mild taste by a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus mutant with altered proteolytic properties
Authors: Möller Claudia , Bockelmann Wilhelm , Ammann Andreas , Heller Knut J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this communication, we describe the isolation of a Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 92063 mutant strain named pH‐P11, which differed from the parent strain by low proteolytic activity and altered regulation of expression of lacZ in the presence of glucose or lactose. In the presence of lactose, β‐galactosidase activity was approximately twice as high in pH‐P11 than in the wild type. pH‐P11 exhibited protosymbiosis together with Streptococcus thermophilus. Yoghurt produced with pH‐P11 was characterized by low acidity and little post‐acidification during storage. The organoleptic properties (absence of bitterness and other off‐flavors, weak sourness, and clear yoghurt taste) were those of a typical “yoghurt mild”. This mild flavor was achieved at rather high cell counts of lactobacilli even at the end of shelf‐life. High cell counts in conjunction with high β‐galactosidase activity make pH‐P11 an interesting strain for application in yoghurt especially designed for consumers with lactose malabsorption. In contrast to “yoghurt mild”, which is predominantly produced with Lactobacillus acidophilus together with Streptococcus thermophilus, the product obtained by fermentation with pH‐P11 and Streptococcus thermophilus concurs with international standards for yoghurt. During frequent sub‐culturing, strain pH‐P11, which is supposed to differ from the wild type by one or a few so‐far‐not‐characterized mutations, showed sufficient stability for application in industrial production.