bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A rare case of pancreatic adenocarcinoma accompanied by venous thrombosis, pleural and pericardial effusions
Authors: Shawakh Husam , Bdeiwi Hassan , Aljundi Rashed , Kashkash Fateh , Khoury Abdullah 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Pancreatic cancer is a deadly type of cancer with few symptoms until metastasis. It poses a high risk of cancer-associated thrombosis.

Case presentation:
A 73-year-old male presented with fatigue, shortness of breath, weight loss since 9 months, and blood clots recently in his legs. Chest radiography revealed fluid accumulation in pleural and pericardial cavities. Later, a fluid examination revealed the presence of malignant cells in the pericardial fluid. After immunological tests and an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were performed, a pancreatic tumor was suspected. The patient was administered anticoagulant treatment and palliative care, which resulted in improvement after one month.

Discussion:
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a highly aggressive cancer with a strong tendency to metastasize, leading to pericardial and pleural effusion, thrombophlebitis, and poor prognosis.

Conclusion:
This case indicates that venous thrombosis, pleural and pericardial effusions could be symptoms related to a pancreatic tumor.
Intraoperative electrocorticography-guided resection of the epileptogenic zone in an unusual porencephalic cyst: case report and literature review
Authors: Dahal Riju , Gurung Pritam , Kayastha Jessica , Malla Samridha , Badinski Tina , Rajbhandari Pravesh , Pant Basant 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Porencephalic cysts resulting from perinatal artery infarctions typically manifest as large cysts accompanied by pre-existing neurological deficits. A small porencephalic cyst without any neurological deficit is a rare cause of medically refractory epilepsy.

Case Presentation:
A 23-year-old female presented with a history of medically refractory epilepsy secondary to a small right parieto-temporal porencephalic cyst. Despite optimal anti-seizure medications, seizures persisted. Surgical intervention was planned, and intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG) was used to delineate the epileptogenic zone (EZ), which was found to be two gyri posterior to the cyst.

Discussion:
Very focal ischemia resulting in a small porencephalic cyst from perinatal artery infarction exhibits a distinct organization of the EZ involving wider area posteriorly indicating involvement of arterial territory distal to the cyst. This contrasts with the typical peri-lesional EZ observed in other lesional epilepsy causes.

Conclusion:
Our findings emphasize the need to consider etiology during interpretation of ioECoG to better define the electrophysiological border between the normal and epileptogenic brain, aiding in achieving a better surgical outcome.
Psychotic Experiences and Daily Functioning in Borderline Personality Disorder and Schizophrenia
Authors: Tschöke Stefan , Knauer Yvonne , Flammer Erich , Usemann Paula , Uhlmann Carmen 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Psychotic experiences have been shown to be comparable in borderline personality disorder (BPD) and schizophrenia. Preliminary evidence suggests differences in the impact of psychotic experiences on daily functioning. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the role of psychotic experiences in daily functioning in BPD compared with schizophrenia. We performed post hoc analyses on data from 23 inpatients with BPD and 21 inpatients with schizophrenia, for whom results from the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales were available. No differences were found in frequency, intensity, and disruption of life in relation to auditory verbal hallucinations and the amount of preoccupation and conviction with regard to delusions. Significant differences were found in the disruption of life due to delusions. The results emphasize that the quality of psychotic experiences in BPD and schizophrenia is comparable, but the impact of delusions on daily life is different, which may improve differential diagnosis.
Exercise Dependency and Overuse Injuries in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Ramji Anusha V. , Runswick Oliver R. , Dommett Eleanor J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common condition, but current medications have limitations, pushing a drive for alternative approaches. Different exercise-focused approaches have shown promise, but concern has also been raised about individuals with ADHD showing greater risk of addiction, including exercise dependency. Using an online survey, we examined current exercise practices, including exercise dependency and the presence of overuse injury, which could result from overexercising, in 114 adults with ADHD. We found that most were regularly exercising. None were classified as exercise dependent, but 38.9% were deemed symptomatic nondependent. Hyperactive-impulsive symptoms were a predictor of the level of exercise withdrawal experienced, and the co-occurrence of autism spectrum disorder was associated with greater risk of overuse injuries. The data indicate that ADHD may confer some greater risk of exercise dependency, aligning with previous studies investigating other addictions and suggesting further research is critical.
Dissociative Identity Disorder
Authors: Boysen Guy A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Dissociative identity disorder (DID) has historically been one of the most controversial topics in the study of psychopathology. Building on a previous review of empirical research on DID from 2000 to 2010, the present review examined DID research from 2011 to 2021. The research output included 56 case studies and 104 empirical studies. Within the empirical studies, approximately 1354 new cases of DID emerged, which resulted in an average samples of approximately 20. Reanalysis of previous samples was standard in the literature with only 40% of reported cases being new. Studies emerged from dozens of countries across the world, but the majority of cases were from Western counties, especially the United States. Diagnosis primarily relied upon validated measures, but 74% of all new cases came from six research groups. Overall, research on DID is steady but methodologically limited in ways that make generalization, especially about etiology, difficult.
Social Determinants of Health and Multimorbidity Among Adults 50 Years and Older in the United States
Authors: Lee Jung Eun , Haynes Emily , DeSanto-Madeya Susan , Kim Young Man 
Published: February 2024

Background
Living with two or more chronic conditions simultaneously—known as multimorbidity—has become increasingly prevalent as the aging population continues to grow. However, the factors that influence the development of multimorbidity are still not fully understood.

Objectives
The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of multimorbidity among U.S. adults 50 years and older and identify associated factors with multimorbidity.

Methods
We used data from four cycles from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011–2018) to examine the associations between social determinants of health and multimorbidity among American adults aged 50 years and older. A set of variables on socioeconomic status and health behaviors was chosen based on the social determinants of health conceptual framework developed by the World Health Organization. In our study, 4,552 participants were included. All analyses were accounted for a complex survey design and the use of survey weights. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associated factors with multimorbidity.

Results
The average age was 63.1 years, and 52.9% were female. The average number of chronic conditions was 2.27. The prevalence of multimorbidity was 63.8%, with high cholesterol and hypertension being the most prevalent conditions. In the adjusted model, age, gender, household income, citizenship status, health insurance, healthcare access, body mass index, and smoking status were found to be associated with living with multimorbidity.

Discussion
Our results indicate that continued efforts aimed at promoting smoking cessation and maintaining a healthy weight will be beneficial in preventing the onset of chronic conditions. Additional research is warranted to gain a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between gender, race/ethnicity, household income, citizenship status, health insurance, and healthcare access as social determinants of health in the context of multimorbidity. Further research will help us develop targeted interventions and policies to address disparities and improve health outcomes for individuals with multimorbidity.
Characterizing Interest in and Uptake of Preexposure Prophylaxis for HIV Prevention Among Men in a US State Correctional System
Authors: Ma Emily C. , Rogers Brooke G. , Chan Philip A. , Toma Emily , Almonte Alexi , Napoleon Siena , Galipeau Drew , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Murphy Matthew 
Published: February 2024

Background
People experiencing incarceration are disproportionately impacted by HIV and are potential candidates for HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP). We explored factors associated with PrEP interest and PrEP uptake and described barriers to PrEP uptake among incarcerated men in a state correctional system.

Methods
From September 2019 to July 2022, incarcerated men at the Rhode Island Department of Corrections were screened for PrEP eligibility and referred to a PrEP initiation study. We used bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression models to explore factors associated with PrEP interest and uptake in the screening sample.

Results
Of the men screened and determined to be eligible for PrEP, approximately half (50%) were interested in taking PrEP. Individuals identifying as men who have sex with men (adjusted odds ratio, 4.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.86–11.4) and having multiple female sex partners (adjusted odds ratio, 2.98; 95% confidence interval, 1.47–6.27) were more likely to express interest in PrEP (interested/not interested) than those not reporting these behavioral factors. Preexposure prophylaxis uptake (yes/no) was 38%. Lack of PrEP interest, low self-perceived risk of HIV acquisition, and unpredictable lengths of incarceration were the most frequently encountered barriers to PrEP uptake.

Conclusions
Men reporting sexual transmission behaviors were more interested in PrEP and had higher uptake than other men. Preexposure prophylaxis interest and HIV risk factors were both moderately high, which suggests that men experiencing incarceration should be screened for and offered PrEP as part of standard clinical care. Study findings have important implications for research and practice to adapt PrEP care to correctional systems.
Development of a Novel Fluorescent-Based Lateral Flow Assay for the Detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at the Point of Care
Authors: Gleeson Birgitta , Piton Jeremie , Mazzola Laura , McHugh Sean , Bender Jillian , Lear Madison , Gavrikova Tatyana , Van Der Pol Barbara , Daniels Brice , Osborn Jennifer , Dailey Peter , Ferreyra Cecilia 
Published: February 2024

Background

Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) has acquired significant resistance, primarily due to extensive and unwarranted antibiotic utilization over several decades. This resistance has largely been associated with the syndromic management of sexually transmitted infections, particularly in low- and middle-income countries where affordable point of care tests are unavailable. To address this diagnostic gap, FIND has developed a low-cost lateral flow assay for the detection of NG at the point of care.

Methods
The early performance of the lateral flow assay was evaluated using frozen clinical samples. Limit of detection, inclusivity, and exclusivity studies were performed using well-characterized NG strains, common commensal genital microorganisms, and other Neisseria bacteria. Subsequently, clinical performance was evaluated at 2 sexual health clinics in Birmingham, Alabama.

Results
The observed limit of detection with reference NG strains was 5 × 103 CFU/mL. Inclusivity was demonstrated for 31 NG strains. Exclusivity testing showed no cross-reactivity with 28 non-Neisseria and nongonococcal Neisseria species; cross-reactivity was observed with Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica, and Neisseria polysaccharea. The lateral flow assay demonstrated clinical sensitivity and specificity of 78.6% and 100% in female vaginal swabs and 100% and 89.7% in male urine, respectively.

Conclusions
FIND has developed a lateral flow assay that aligns with the majority of the World Health Organization Target Product Profile criteria for confirming or excluding NG infection at the point of care. The NG lateral flow assay has now achieved design freeze (final device optimization) and is ready for technology transfer to a manufacturing partner. This test has the potential to support the shift in patient management from a syndromic to an etiological approach.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Treatment Attitudes and Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Gay and Bisexual Men
Authors: Hart Trevor A. , Noor Syed W. , Tavangar Farideh , Zahran Adhm , Skakoon-Sparling Shayna , Tan Darrell H. S. , Lambert Gilles , Grace Daniel , Lachowsky Nathan , Sang Jordan M. , Palma Paolo A. , Zhang Terri , Dvorakova Milada , Cox Joseph , Moore David M. ,   for the Engage Study
Published: February 2024

Backgrounds
Positive attitudes toward human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment, such as reduced concern about HIV transmissibility, are associated with sexual behaviors that may increase the risk of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBM). We examined associations between HIV treatment attitudes and bacterial STI diagnoses among GBM in Canada's three largest cities.

Methods
We fit a structural equation model between HIV treatment attitudes and bacterial STI diagnoses via sexual behaviors in the Engage study's baseline data. We estimated direct and indirect paths between scores on HIV treatment attitudes and STIs via number of male anal sex partners, condomless anal sex, and oral sex. We conducted sub-analyses with participants stratified by HIV serostatus.

Results
Among 2449 GBM recruited in 2017 to 2019, there was a direct association between HIV treatment attitudes and current STI diagnoses (β = 0.13; 95% CI, 0.07–0.19; P < 0.001). The mediated model revealed a positive total indirect effect through 2 pathways: (1) engaging in condomless anal sex and (2) number of male anal sex partners and condomless anal sex. These 2 indirect pathways remained in the stratified mediation models for both HIV negative GBM and for GBM living with HIV.

Conclusions
The association between HIV treatment attitudes and diagnosed STIs is mediated through a higher number of male anal sex partners and condomless anal sex. The results highlight the importance of providers educating patients when providing effective STI counseling, testing, and prevention for GBM about how accurate HIV treatment attitudes may inadvertently be associated with the bacterial STI epidemic.
Burden and Trends of Symptomatic Sexually Transmitted Infections in Malawi From 2000 to 2021: Comparative Analysis of Survey and Case Report Data
Authors: Michalow Julia , Jahn Andreas , Cori Anne , Boily Marie-Claude , Chimpandule Tiwonge , Mbiriyawanda Stone , Ozituosauka Washington , Nyirenda Rose , Imai-Eaton Jeffrey W. 
Published: February 2024

Background
In settings without etiologic testing for sexually transmitted infections (STIs), programs rely on STI symptom data to inform priorities. To evaluate whether self-reported STI symptoms in household surveys consistently represent the STI burden, we compared symptomatic infection rates between survey self-reporting and health facility case reporting in Malawi.

Methods
We analyzed self-reported symptoms and treatment seeking in the past year among sexually active adults from 4 Malawi Demographic and Health Surveys between 2000 and 2015. Bayesian mixed-effects models were used to estimate temporal trends, spatial variation, and sociodemographic determinants. Survey reporting was compared with health facility syndromic diagnoses between 2014 and 2021.

Results
In surveys, 11.0% (95% confidence interval, 10.7%–11.4%) of adults reported STI or STI-related symptoms in the last year, of whom 54.2% (52.8%–55.7%) sought treatment. In facilities, the mean annual symptomatic case diagnosis rate was 3.3%. Survey-reported treatment in the last year was 3.8% (95% credible interval, 2.3%–6.1%) for genital ulcer, 3.8% (2.0%–6.7%) for vaginal discharge, and 2.6% (1.2%–4.7%) for urethral discharge. Mean annual diagnosis rates at facilities were 0.5% for genital ulcer, 2.2% for vaginal discharge, and 2.0% for urethral discharge. Both data sources indicated a higher burden of symptoms among women, individuals older than 25 years, and those in Southern Malawi.

Conclusions
Survey and facility case reports indicated similar spatial and demographic patterns of STI symptom burden and care seeking, but implied large differences in the magnitude and relative burden of symptoms, particularly genital ulcer, which could affect program priorities. Targeted etiologic surveillance would improve interpretation of these data to enable more comprehensive STI surveillance.
Impact of work-related changes on health-related quality of life in adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Goto Shinichi , Itani Yuki , Fujimori Maiko , Okamura Masako , Obama Kyoko , Sato Ayako , Uchitomi Yosuke 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors often face unique work-related challenges and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study aimed to (1) assess work-related changes after cancer diagnosis in AYA cancer survivors and (2) explore the association between work-related changes and HRQOL.

Methods:
In a cross-sectional web-based survey, AYA cancer survivors were assessed for work-related changes after cancer diagnosis and their HRQOL using the EuroQoL 5-Dimension 5-Level scale (EQ-5D-5L). The percentage of AYA cancer survivors who had experienced work-related changes was calculated. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the association between EQ-5D-5L scores and work-related changes, demographics, and clinical variables.

Results:
The participants were 206 AYA cancer survivors (180 women) with a mean age of 33.7 years (SD 4.3, range: 22–39 years). Among them, 115 (56%) had experienced work-related changes, including 53 (25.7%) who had quit their jobs after their cancer diagnosis. The EQ-5D-5L score (mean: 0.79) was lower in the AYA cancer survivors than in the general population. Moreover, AYA cancer survivors who experienced work-related changes had significantly lower EQ-5D-5L scores compared with AYA cancer survivors who did not (0.75 vs 0.84, P < .001). Multiple regression analyses indicated that lower income, reduced working hours, and lower performance status, as measured by the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Scale, were associated with lower EQ-5D-5L scores.

Conclusions:
More than half of the AYA cancer survivors reported work-related changes and had lower HRQOL. Identifying potential interventions supporting AYA cancer survivors with low physical and financial status may be useful for improving their HRQOL.
Risk Factors of Convulsions in Children With Rotavirus Gastroenteritis and Construction of a Nomogram Prediction Model
Authors: Yang Jing , Sun Weiwei , Dai Shasha 
Published: February 2024

Objective
This study aims to investigate and analyze the risk factors of convulsions in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis and to construct a nomogram prediction model.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was performed on 940 cases of pediatric patients with rotavirus gastroenteritis treated in our hospital from December 2017 to December 2022. Based on whether convulsions occurred during hospitalization, patients were divided into the convulsion group (n = 135) and the convulsion-free group (n = 805). Clinical information of patients in both groups was collected, logistic regression analysis was carried out to analyze the convulsion risk factors pertaining to children with rotavirus gastroenteritis, and a nomogram prediction model was constructed.

Results
The univariate analysis revealed that fever, frequency of diarrhea, white blood cell count, blood calcium level, blood glucose level, CO2CP, creatine kinase myocardial band (CK-MB), and blood pH value were all factors that display statistically significant differences at the level of P = 0.05. Then, logistic regression analysis was carried out, taking the occurrence of such convulsions as the dependent variable and the aforementioned factors as independent variables. The results show that fever, frequency of diarrhea, blood calcium, CO2CP, and CK-MB were the independent risk factors (P < 0.05), whereas the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (area under the curve) of the constructed nomogram prediction model based on these factors was 0.842 (95% confidence interval, 0.821–0.914).

Conclusions
Frequency of diarrhea, blood calcium, CO2CP, and CK-MB are independent risk factors for the occurrence of convulsions in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis. The nomogram prediction model constructed based on these risk factors provides guidance and value in effectively preventing and controlling convulsions in children with rotavirus gastroenteritis.
POCUS for Infectious Enteritis—A Retrospective Case Series Analysis
Authors: Scheier Eric , Nachmany Aviad 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
The abdominal pain associated with diarrhea can be difficult to distinguish from appendicitis. We present a case series of all children found on pediatric emergency department point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) to have right-sided bowel wall edema.

Methods
Over the study period June 2020 through September 2023, POCUS images were collected by a pediatric emergency physician with 6 years of experience with POCUS. Children found to have small bowel wall edema on POCUS were identified, and hospital charts were reviewed.

Results
One hundred thirteen children were found on POCUS to have right-sided small bowel wall edema. Thirty-one (27%) were referred by their pediatrician or urgent care provider to evaluate for appendicitis. Seventy-eight children (69%) provided stool samples. Of those, 58% resulted Campylobacter, 8% Salmonella, and 8% Shigella. Forty (35%) were discharged after POCUS without further evaluation. One child in our case series was subsequently diagnosed with uncomplicated appendicitis. To date, no child in the series has subsequently been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease.

Conclusions
Enteritis can initially be difficult to distinguish on clinical grounds from acute appendicitis. Bowel wall edema on POCUS in a child without sonographic signs of appendicitis strongly suggests bacterial enteritis. Early POCUS demonstrating enteritis without signs of appendicitis may decrease hospital resource usage.