bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of CH/π interaction in the stabilization of less‐soluble diastereomeric salt crystals
Authors: Saigo Kazuhiko , Kobayashi Yuka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEnantiopure 2‐naphthylglycolic acid (NGA) and cis‐1‐aminobenz[f]indan‐2‐ol (ABI) were rationally designed as new resolving agents on the model of mandelic acid (MA) and cis‐1‐aminoindan‐2‐ol (AI), respectively. As expected, NGA and ABI showed superior chiral recognition ability to racemates, compared with MA and AI. In order to clarify any factors governing the chiral recognition abilities of NGA and ABI, the crystal structures of their less‐ and more‐soluble diastereomeric salts were determined by X‐ray crystallographic analyses and revealed that CH/π interactions play an intrinsic role in chiral recognitions. A theoretical investigation was also performed with the periodic ab initio method by using the X‐ray crystal structures of the less‐soluble salt crystals with AI and ABI to find the unique properties of CH/π interaction in the crystalline state, which largely contributed to the stabilization of the crystals. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 47–56; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20100
Significance of Laparoscopic Splenectomy in Patients with Hypersplenism
Authors: Watanabe Yuji , Horiuchi Atsushi , Yoshida Motohira , Yamamoto Yuji , Sugishita Hiroki , Kumagi Teru , Hiasa Yoichi , Kawachi Kanji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveThis study was aimed at investigating the efficacy and safety of minimally invasive laparoscopic splenectomy in patients with hypersplenism secondary to cirrhosis.BackgroundWhile advances have been made in the treatment of liver cancer and chronic hepatitis, certain treatments such as radio frequency ablation (RFA) must often be discontinued due to thrombocytopenia caused by hypersplenism. Laparoscopic splenectomy is performed to treat diseases as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, but is contraindicated for hypersplenism in many institutions. Few studies have thus examined the safety and efficacy of this approach.MethodsEfficacy and safety were retrospectively analyzed for laparoscopic splenectomies starting from January 2003. Relationships between postoperative increases in platelet count and thrombopoietin, platelet‐associated immunoglobulin, excised spleen weight, and serum parameters were examined. Perioperative data of open splenectomies starting from January 1990 were compared with those of laparoscopic splenectomies.ResultsNo laparoscopic cases were converted to open surgery in this series. Mean operative times of open and laparoscopic splenectomy were 205 and 173 min respectively. Mean blood losses were 750 and 359 ml (P < 0.05) and the mean weights of excised spleen were 460 and 525 g respectively. Postoperatively, no changes in liver function were noted, and platelet and leukocyte counts were significantly increased. Compared with preoperative platelet count, degree of increase at 2 weeks postoperatively did not correlate with preoperative thrombopoietin levels, but significantly correlated with levels of platelet‐associated immunoglobulin and spleen volume (P < 0.05). Postoperative portal or splenic vein thrombosis (PSVT) was seen in 3 patients and these patients did not exhibit any clinical symptoms.ConclusionsLaparoscopic splenectomy is a safe technique for the treatment of hypersplenism and contributes to postoperative increases in platelet counts. Postoperative increases in platelet count seem to depend on platelet‐associated immunoglobulin level and spleen weight, which may be valuable prognosticators.
The relationship between self‐reported received and perceived social support: A meta‐analytic review
Authors: Haber Mason G. , Cohen Jay L. , Lucas Todd , Baltes Boris B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSocial support is broad term encompassing a variety of constructs, including support perceptions (perceived support) and receipt of supportive behaviors (received support). Of these constructs, only perceived support has been regarded as consistently linked to health, and researchers have offered differing assessments of the strength of the received‐perceived support relationship. An overall estimate of the received‐perceived support relationship would clearly further the dialogue on the relationship between received and perceived support and thus assist in the theoretical development of the field. This study evaluated all available studies using the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB; Barrera, Sandler, & Ramsey, 1981, American Journal of Community Psychology, 9, 435–447) and any measure of perceived social support. Using effect sizes from 23 studies, we found an average correlation of r = .35, p < .001. Implications of this estimate for further development of models of social support as well as interventions to enhance social support are discussed.
Impact of diabetes on left ventricular diastolic function in patients with arterial hypertension
Authors: Wachter Rolf , Lüers Claus , Kleta Sibylle , Griebel Kerstin , Herrmann‐Lingen Christoph , Binder Lutz , Janicke Nico , Wetzel Dirk , Kochen Michael M. , Pieske Burkert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAimsTo analyse the effect of diabetes (DM) on diastolic function in hypertensive patients.Methods439 hypertensive patients were selected for participation in this study. All participants had an echocardiographic evaluation of systolic and diastolic function. The overall degree of diastolic function and specific parameters (e.g. E/Ea ratio) were analysed.ResultsWe divided the cohort (63±10 years) into those with diabetes mellitus (DM(+), n=124) and without diabetes mellitus (DM(–), n=315). The prevalence of normal diastolic function was lower in DM(+) than DM(–) (19.4% vs. 30.8%); mild (65.3% vs. 60.0%) and moderate/ severe diastolic dysfunction were more frequent in DM(+) (15.3% vs. 9.2%, p=0.022). The E/Ea ratio, an estimate of left ventricular end‐diastolic pressure, was significantly higher in DM(+) (12.3±4.4) as compared to DM(–) (10.8±3.6, p<0.001). Sex‐specific analysis revealed that the effect of DM on diastolic function was mainly limited to the male subgroup. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes affected diastolic function in males independent of blood pressure, left ventricular mass index, concomitant medication and prevalence of coronary artery disease.ConclusionDiabetes negatively affects diastolic function in patients with arterial hypertension. This effect is mainly confined to the male subgroup.
Processes of change in treatment for chronic pain: The contributions of pain, acceptance, and catastrophizing
Authors: Vowles Kevin E. , McCracken Lance M. , Eccleston Christopher 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCognitive‐behavioral therapy has a substantial evidence base with regard to its effectiveness for individuals with chronic pain. Historically, although there has been some investigation in to the processes by which treatment succeeds or fails, few data are available regarding the unique contributions of processes from distinct cognitive behavioral approaches and how these processes may interact to affect patient functioning. The present investigation sought to evaluate three proposed process variables that have garnered empirical support within chronic pain settings, namely: pain intensity, catastrophizing, and acceptance. Participants were 252 consecutive patients who completed treatment on an interdisciplinary pain management unit. Using multiple regression, the contributions of changes in process variables to changes in treatment outcomes were assessed. In general, changes in both acceptance and catastrophizing accounted for significant variance independent of, and larger than, that accounted for by change in pain intensity. Changes in acceptance and catastrophizing accounted for roughly equivalent amounts of variance when entered immediately following changes in pain, and when entered following one another. The potential impact of these results is discussed in relation to the particular treatment delivered. Issues relating to change at the level of frequency or content of psychological experiences are considered relative to change in the functions of these experiences.
An assessment of changes in properties of steppe kurgan paleosoils in relation to prevailing climates over recent millennia
Authors: Khomutova Tatiana E. , Demkina Tatiana S. , Borisov Alexander V. , Kashirskaya Natalia N. , Yeltsov Maxim V. , Demkin Vitaly A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractComparative analysis of morphological and chemical properties of the soil chronosequence on Kastanozems soils in the steppe zone of the Russian Plain, which included paleosoils buried beneath kurgans erected ca. 2000 BC, AD 50, AD 200, and AD 1250 was performed to reconstruct the paleoenvironmental conditions in this archeologically important region. Paleoenvironmental dynamics were traced using the state of microbial communities of paleo and modern soils (including the dynamics of total and glucose-reactive biomass, and the abundance of microorganisms grown on selected media). We demonstrate that the share of the glucose-reactive microorganisms in the microbial community, the ecological–trophic structure, and oligotrophicity index might serve as indicators of the state of microbial communities and be used for paleoenvironmental reconstructions. The morphological–chemical and microbial properties confirm an arid period ca. 2000 BC, slightly wetter conditions ca. AD 50, and more humid conditions ca. AD 1250.
An investigation into the genetic background of coat colour dilution in a Charolais × German Holstein F2 resource population
Authors: Kühn Ch. , Weikard R. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe molecular background of many loci affecting coat colour inheritance in cattle is still incompletely characterized, although it is known that coat colour results from the joint effects of several loci, e.g. agouti, extension and dilution. Dilution alleles are responsible for a dilution effect on the original coat colour of an individual, which is determined by the agouti and extension loci. Different loci affecting dilution of pigment are suggested in Charolais (Dc) and Simmental (Ds). To enable chromosomal mapping of the Dc mutation, 133 animals from an F2 full‐sib resource population generated from a cross of Charolais and German Holstein were scored for the coat colour dilution phenotype. Linkage analysis covering all autosomes revealed a significant linkage of the dilution phenotype with microsatellite markers on bovine chromosome 5. No recombination was observed between marker ETH10 and the Dc locus. Positional and functional information identified the bovine silver homolog (SILV) gene as a candidate for the Dc mutation. Results from comparative sequencing of the SILV gene in individuals with different dilution coat colour phenotypes confirmed the presence of a c.64G>A non‐synonymous mutation, which had previously been identified in the Charolais breed. The alleles at this locus were associated with coat colour dilution in this study. However, further investigation of colour inheritance within the F2 resource population indicated that a single diallelic mutation in the SILV gene cannot explain the total observed variation of coat colour dilution.
The current provision of specialist health services to people with learning disabilities in England and Wales
Authors: Bailey N. M. , Cooper S.‐A 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConsiderable change has taken place in the provision of specialist health services to people with learning disabilities with the move away from institutions and an emphasis on care in the community. There is diversity between services in different parts of the country, but no existing source of information by which NHS Trusts can benchmark their own services against the national norm. This project was undertaken in order to ascertain the current provision of specialist health services in England and Wales. A questionnaire was returned by 83.9% of 161 NHS Trusts, who quantified their service in terms of in‐patient and community resources. Results were analysed and presented where possible as cumulative frequencies, to facilitate benchmarking.
The natural history of dementia in ageing people with intellectual disability
Authors: Evenhuis H. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective follow‐up study over 11 years, the incidence and natural history of dementia was assessed in an institutionalized group of 144 people, aged 60 years and over, with mild to profound intellectual disability resulting from causes other than Down's syndrome. Age‐related incidences, age at onset, duration and symptoms of dementia were comparable to those in the general population. The frequent and invalidating physical comorbidity (11 /11) hampered the diagnostic process in this group. The high prevalence of episodes of delirium (9/11) and depressive symptoms (8/11) as the first manifestations of dementia and/or during dementia might reflect increased vulnerability as compared to other ageing people.
Intellectual disability and ageing: ecological perspectives from recent research1
Authors: Hogg J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAgeing in people with intellectual disabilities has become a central concern of service providers and research workers during the past 20 years. Their emergence as an identifiable population of older people with intellectual disabilities reflects, in part, improvements in medical and social service provision. However, interest in this group is primarily a reflection of the fact that, despite services developed in the light of principles of normalization, they remain readily identifiable as people in receipt of specialist intellectual disability services, in consequence typically clearly differentiated from the mainstream of older people generally. Analysis of this situation and other factors impacting on older people with intellectual disabilities can be undertaken through the use of ecological models conceptualized in terms of interacting, nested ecologies. The emergence of research on the impact of cultural influences on family carers and service provision is addressed within the framework of the ecological model, and methodological cautions are offered. The enduring the role of family carers and their motivation to continue caring is described.
A randomized control trial of an opportunistic health screening tool in primary care for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Jones R. G. , Kerr M. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeople with intellectual disability have an increased variety of health care problems compared with the general population. The transition of care for such people from institutions into the community places them in a primary care system already facing increasing demands for their services. There is a consensus that health screening is at its most useful in identifying functional disabilities. Therefore, an intervention which helps the general practitioner (GP) towards opportunistically checking those areas of health most often deficient in people with intellectual disability would appear of considerable benefit (especially if information directing the GP towards appropriate secondary care services is also provided). The present study was designed to evaluate the impact of such an intervention.
The importance of smoking education and preventative health strategies for people with intellectual disability
Authors: Tracy J. , Hosken R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTobacco smoking is a major health problem within our community. To date, little attention has been focused on determining the prevalence of smoking in people with disabilities or in developing appropriate strategies to assist them to stop smoking. Funding from the Victorian Health Promotion Foundation enabled the Developmental Disability Unit at Monash University, Box Hill, Victoria, Australia, to undertake a project investigating smoking in a population of people with intellectual disability. In the first part of the project, the smoking rate among a geographically defined group of people with mild intellectual disability was investigated. A smoking prevalence of 36% was found within the sample group, as compared to a prevalence of 26% within the general Victorian adult population. An association was found between the motivation to quite and the recall of advice to stop smoking. The second part of the project comprised the development and piloting of a smoking education course for people with intellectual disability. The pilot sample was small, but the results were encouraging. Fifty‐five per cent of the group either quit smoking or cut down their intake significantly. Seventy‐three per cent expressed a desire to stop smoking at the completion of the course, and all participants expressed an increased concern and knowledge about the effects of smoking on their health after completing the course.
Donor strand complementation governs intersubunit interaction of fimbriae of the alternate chaperone pathway
Authors: Poole Steven T. , McVeigh Annette L. , Anantha Ravi P. , Lee Lanfong H. , Akay Yasemin M. , Pontzer Emily A. , Scott Daniel A. , Bullitt Esther , Savarino Stephen J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryFimbrial filaments assembled by distinct chaperone pathways share a common mechanism of intersubunit interaction, as elucidated for colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I), archetype of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Class 5 fimbriae. We postulated that a highly conserved β‐strand at the major subunit N‐terminus represents the donor strand, analogous to interactions within Class I pili. We show here that CFA/I fimbriae utilize donor strand complementation to promote proper folding of and interactions between CFA/I subunits. We constructed a series of genetic variants of CfaE, the CFA/I adhesin, incorporating a C‐terminal extension comprising a flexible linker and 10–19 of the N‐terminal residues of CfaB, the major subunit. Variants with a donor strand complement (dsc) of ≥ 12 residues were recoverable from periplasmic fractions. Genetic disruption of the donor β‐strand reduced CfaE recovery. A hexahistidine‐tagged variant of dsc19CfaE formed soluble monomers, folded into β‐sheet conformation, displayed adhesion characteristic of CFA/I, and elicited antibodies that inhibited mannose‐resistant haemagglutination by ETEC expressing CFA/I, CS4 and CS14 fimbriae. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that CfaE was confined to the distal fimbrial tip. Our findings provide the basis to elucidate structure and function of this class of fimbrial adhesins and assess the feasibility of an adhesin‐based vaccine.
Properties of debris flow deposits and source materials compared: implications for debris flow characterization
Authors: BARDOU ERIC , BOIVIN PASCAL , PFEIFER HANS‐RUDOLF 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the Alps, debris flow deposits generally contain <5% clay‐size particles, and the role of the surface‐charged <2 μm particles is often neglected, although these particles may have a significant impact on the rheological properties of the interstitial fluid. The objective of this study was to compare debris flow deposits and parent materials from two neighbouring catchments of the Swiss Alps, with special emphasis on the colloidal constituents. The catchments are small in area (4 km2), 2·5 km long, similar in morphology, but different in geology. The average slopes are 35–40%. The catchments were monitored for debris flow events and mapped for surface aspect and erosion activity. Debris flow deposits and parent materials were sampled, the clay and silt fractions extracted and the bulk density, <2 mm fraction bulk density, particle size distribution, chemical composition, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and mineralogy analysed. The results show that the deposits are similar to the parent screes in terms of chemical composition, but differ in terms of: (i) particle size distribution; and (ii) mineralogy, reactivity and density of the <2 mm fraction. In this fraction, compared with the parent materials the deposits show dense materials enriched in coarse monocrystalline particles, of which the smallest and more reactive particles were leached. The results suggest that deposit samples should not be considered as representative of source or flow materials, particularly with respect to their physical properties.
Why Does the Frequency of Nest Parasitism by the Cuckoo Differ Considerably Between Two Populations of Warblers Living in the Same Habitat?
Authors: Dyrcz Andrzej , Halupka Konrad 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe rate of nest parasitism is a product of two interacting phenomena: host selection by cuckoos and defence by hosts. In our study area the rate of nest parasitism by cuckoos is significantly lower in the great reed warbler (GRW; Acrocephalus arundinaceus) than in the reed warbler (RW; A. scirpaceus), even though they breed in the same habitat and their reproductive biology is similar. We hypothesized that the difference in the proportion of parasitized nests may reflect a narrow selection of host by cuckoos (they prefer RW nests) or/and the relatively better alien egg discrimination in the GRW. In the egg discrimination experiment the GRW rejected the higher proportion of alien eggs than the RW. However, in both species the discriminative ability considerably varied in time, both within the day and within the breeding cycle. A logistic regression model suggests that the GRW would be a frequent host if only nest parasites could exploit the period of its lowest sensitivity to alien eggs. We conclude that the relatively low rate of nest parasitism in the GRW may reflect both its good discriminative ability and the low number of cuckoos that are specialized in dumping eggs to nests of this warbler. The adaptation of cuckoos to the particular host species may involve not only production of mimetic eggs, but also adjusting activity to temporal changes in sensitivity to alien eggs in the host.
Kin discrimination in sticklebacks is mediated by social learning rather than innate recognition
Authors: Frommen Joachim G. , Luz Corinna , Bakker Theo C. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTheory predicts several advantages for animals to recognize kin. These include inbreeding avoidance and an increase in inclusive fitness. In shoaling species, kin recognition may lead to an increased amount of altruism among shoal members. Adult, non‐reproductive three‐spined sticklebacks,Gasterosteus aculeatus, prefer to shoal with kin. This preference was shown for familiar as well as for unfamiliar individuals. However, whether it is based on learned cues of familiar individuals or on innate mechanisms like self‐referent phenotype matching or ‘true’ kin recognition through recognition alleles remains unknown. In our experiments, juvenile fish were given the choice between shoals that differed in relatedness and familiarity. The number of testfish who joined each group indicated that sticklebacks prefer to shoal with familiar kin when the alternative shoal was composed of unfamiliar non‐kin. When one shoal consisted of familiar kin while the second consisted of familiar non‐kin testfish did not show any preference. Kin recognition in sticklebacks is thus most likely mediated by social learning.