bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Digital Scholarship, Economics, and the American Literary Canon
Authors: Price Kenneth M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article explores the nature of the newly emerging digital canon of American literature, a canon that is developing partly by design and partly by chance. Whether in mass‐digitization projects or in electronic scholarly editing, there is a strong predominance of electronic projects devoted to the study of literatures and cultures from the nineteenth century or earlier (copyright restrictions limit work on later periods). In addition, though some of the material needed for American literary study is publicly accessible, a significant amount of material is available only via subscription. Yet only some libraries can afford electronic access and only some users have university affiliations – thus the availability of information is limited significantly. Problems are especially acute for independent scholars and those at smaller or under‐funded institutions who often lack access to fee‐based resources. Ventures like Google Book Search admirably make massive numbers of books widely available to readers, but such projects lack the structures useful for advanced work. When scholars attempt to create a digital scholarly edition (sometimes called an ‘archive’ or a ‘digital thematic research collection’), and insist on rigor and a full critical apparatus, we trade Google's equalizing treatment of texts for a highly specialized and inevitably expensive treatment of a limited number of texts.
Renoprotective Effects of Sesamol in Ferric Nitrilotriacetate‐Induced Oxidative Renal Injury in Rats
Authors: Gupta Amit , Sharma Sameer , Kaur Indupal , Chopra Kanwaljit 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  The present study was designed to investigate the renoprotective effect of 3,4‐methylenedioxyphenol (sesamol) on ferric nitrilotriacetate‐induced renal toxicity. Rats were pretreated with sesamol (2, 4 and 8 mg/kg, p.o.) 30 min. prior to administration of ferric nitrilotriacetate (8 mg iron/kg, i.p.) to determine the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels along with renal oxidative stress. Challenge with ferric nitrilotriacetate markedly increased the blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels, which was coupled with a marked lipid peroxidation, reduced activity of glutathione and decreased total nitric oxide levels in rat kidneys. It also produced significant renal morphological alterations and increased serum tumour necrosis factor‐alpha levels. Pretreatment with sesamol significantly reduced the serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels, lipid peroxidation, restored levels of reduced glutathione and increased total renal nitric oxide levels. It also attenuated the increased tumour necrosis factor‐alpha levels and restored the normal morphology of the kidneys. Present findings strongly suggest the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the ferric nitrilotriacetate‐induced renal dysfunction and points towards the renoprotective potential of sesamol in oxidative renal pathologies.
Movement of allelopathic compound coumarin from plant residue of sweet vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum L.) to soil
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshito 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the movement of coumarin, an allelopathic compound, from the plant residue of sweet vernalgrass (Anthoxanthum odoratum L.) to soil, as well as the dynamics of coumarin in soil. The level of coumarin dissolved from sweet vernalgrass plant residue in both Andosols and Cambisols, which were watered every day, peaked on the fifth day after the beginning of watering, and fell gradually thereafter. Specifically, the coumarin content in Cambisols on the fifth day was 14.2 p.p.m., which is four times the coumarin level found in Andosols. The recovery percentage of coumarin extracted with MeOH from the soil‐treated coumarin water solution was approximately 70% in Cambisols and 35% in Andosols. As the days continued, the recovery rate of coumarin tended to decrease, but not in the disinfected soils. The recovery rate of coumarin in Andosols at temperatures of 25°C and 15°C rapidly decreased on the sixth and 10th days, respectively. These results indicate that the coumarin of sweet vernalgrass plant residue will move into soil easily after rainfall, and that both soil type and the presence of microorganisms are related to the disappearance of coumarin in soil.
Preventing a decrease in the palatability of round‐baled silage by preserving it as fermented total mixed ration
Authors: Kawamoto Hidenori , Zhang Jianguo , Aoki Yasuhiro , Kamo Mikio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe first and second cuttings of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) were harvested without wilting to produce round‐baled silages. The palatability of fermented total mixed ration (TMR) was compared to that of fresh TMR, for which these round‐baled silages were the only roughage source. The fermented TMR was prepared from the silages opened after 40 days of the harvest, and was preserved as fermented TMR in drum silos until the palatability test. The fresh TMR was prepared from the silages opened after 132 days (first cutting) or 80 days (second cutting) of the harvest. The fermented TMR tended to show better palatability by animals than fresh TMR when the TMR were prepared from the first‐cutting silages, however, there was no palatability difference between the two TMR when they were prepared from the second‐cutting silages. Although the chemical compositions of the silages used for the two TMR were mostly similar, the butyric acid content in the first‐cutting silages was higher for fresh TMR (0.45%) than for fermented TMR (0.05%). The butyric acid content in the second‐cutting silages was less than 0.03% for both TMR. It was thus suggested that enhanced butyric fermentation during the preservation of the first‐cutting silages decreased the palatability of fresh TMR. The results indicate that if the round‐baled silage is of low fermentative quality for reasons such as ensiling under insufficient wilting conditions, the decrease in palatability can be suppressed by preserving it as fermented TMR before further enhancement of butyric fermentation in the silages.
Between the Traditional and the Innovative: Ezra‐Nehemiah in Current Research
Authors: Klingbeil Gerald A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article attempts to bring together the main threads of Ezra‐Nehemiah research undertaken during the past 15 years, locating it in the larger framework of biblical studies and identifying possible fruitful avenues of future research. Areas covered in this article include the text and interpretation of Ezra‐Nehemiah, current issues in the discussion of the history and material culture of the Persian period, the impetus of sociology and anthropology for the study of Ezra‐Nehemiah and studies dealing with the theology/ideology and religion portrayed in Ezra‐Nehemiah.
StatFingerprints: a friendly graphical interface program for processing and analysis of microbial fingerprint profiles
Authors: MICHELLAND R. J. , DEJEAN S. , COMBES S. , FORTUN‐LAMOTHE L. , CAUQUIL L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMolecular fingerprint methods are widely used to compare microbial communities in various habitats. The free program StatFingerprints can import, process, and display fingerprint profiles and perform numerous statistical analyses on them, and also estimate diversity indexes. StatFingerprints works with the free program R, providing an environment for statistical computing and graphics. No programming knowledge is required to use StatFingerprints, thanks to its friendly graphical user interface. StatFingerprints is useful for analysing the effect of a controlled factor on the microbial community and for establishing the relationships between the microbial community and the parameters of its environment. Multivariate analyses include ordination, clustering methods and hypothesis‐driven tests like 50–50 multivariate analysis of variance, analysis of similarity or similarity percentage procedure and the program offers the possibility of plotting ordinations as a three‐dimensional display.
Highly Accurate Antibody Assays for Early and Rapid Detection of Tuberculosis in African and Asian Elephants
Authors: Greenwald Rena , Lyashchenko Olena , Esfandiari Javan , Miller Michele , Mikota Susan , Olsen John H. , Ball Ray , Dumonceaux Genevieve , Schmitt Dennis , Moller Torsten , Payeur Janet B. , Harris Beth , Sofranko Denise , Waters W. Ray , Lyashchenko Konstantin P. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTuberculosis (TB) in elephants is a reemerging zoonotic disease caused primarily byMycobacterium tuberculosis. Current methods for screening and diagnosis rely on trunk wash culture, which has serious limitations due to low test sensitivity, slow turnaround time, and variable sample quality. Innovative and more efficient diagnostic tools are urgently needed. We describe three novel serologic techniques, the ElephantTB Stat-Pak kit, multiantigen print immunoassay, and dual-path platform VetTB test, for rapid antibody detection in elephants. The study was performed with serum samples from 236 captive African and Asian elephants from 53 different locations in the United States and Europe. The elephants were divided into three groups based on disease status and history of exposure: (i) 26 animals with culture-confirmed TB due toM. tuberculosisorMycobacterium bovis, (ii) 63 exposed elephants from known-infected herds that had never produced a culture-positive result from trunk wash samples, and (iii) 147 elephants without clinical symptoms suggestive of TB, with consistently negative trunk wash culture results, and with no history of potential exposure to TB in the past 5 years. Elephants with culture-confirmed TB and a proportion of exposed but trunk wash culture-negative elephants produced robust antibody responses to multiple antigens ofM. tuberculosis, with seroconversions detectable years before TB-positive cultures were obtained from trunk wash specimens. ESAT-6 and CFP10 proteins were immunodominant antigens recognized by elephant antibodies during disease. The serologic assays demonstrated 100% sensitivity and 95 to 100% specificity. Rapid and accurate antibody tests to identify infected elephants will likely allow earlier and more efficient treatment, thus limiting transmission of infection to other susceptible animals and to humans.
Interlaboratory Reproducibility of a Single-Locus Sequence-Based Method for Strain Typing of
Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Hurst S. F. , Kidd S. E. , Morrissey C. O. , Snelders E. , Melchers W. J. G. , Castelli M. V. , Mellado E. , Simmon K. , Petti C. A. , Richardson S. , Zhang S. , Romanelli A. M. , Wickes B. L. , de Valk H. A. , Klaassen C. H. W. , Balajee S. Arunmozhi 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT

Seven international laboratories tested the recently proposed single-locus typing strategy for
Aspergillus fumigatus
subtyping for interlaboratory reproducibility. Comparative sequence analyses of portions of the locus AFUA_3G08990, encoding a putative cell surface protein (denoted CSP), was performed with a panel of
Aspergillus
isolates. Each laboratory followed very different protocols for extraction of DNA, PCR, and sequencing. Results revealed that the CSP typing method was a reproducible and portable strain typing method.
Increased Failure Rate of Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation after Previous Treatment with Marrow Stimulation Techniques
Authors: Minas Tom , Gomoll Andreas H. , Rosenberger Ralf , Royce Ronald O. , Bryant Tim 
Published: March 2009

Background Marrow stimulation techniques such as drilling or microfracture are first-line treatment options for symptomatic cartilage defects. Common knowledge holds that these treatments do not compromise subsequent cartilage repair procedures with autologous chondrocyte implantation. Hypothesis Cartilage defects pretreated with marrow stimulation techniques will have an increased failure rate. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods The first 321 consecutive patients treated at one institution with autologous chondrocyte implantation for full-thickness cartilage defects that reached more than 2 years of follow-up were evaluated by prospectively collected data. Patients were grouped based on whether they had undergone prior treatment with a marrow stimulation technique. Outcomes were classified as complete failure if more than 25% of a grafted defect area had to be removed in later procedures because of persistent symptoms. Results There were 522 defects in 321 patients (325 joints) treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation. On average, there were 1.7 lesions per patient. Of these joints, 111 had previously undergone surgery that penetrated the subchondral bone; 214 joints had no prior treatment that affected the subchondral bone and served as controls. Within the marrow stimulation group, there were 29 (26%) failures, compared with 17 (8%) failures in the control group. Conclusion Defects that had prior treatment affecting the subchondral bone failed at a rate 3 times that of nontreated defects. The failure rates for drilling (28%), abrasion arthroplasty (27%), and microfracture (20%) were not significantly different, possibly because of the lower number of microfracture patients in this cohort (25 of 110 marrow-stimulation procedures). The data demonstrate that marrow stimulation techniques have a strong negative effect on subsequent cartilage repair with autologous chondrocyte implantation and therefore should be used judiciously in larger cartilage defects that could require future treatment with autologous chondrocyte implantation.
Pharmacokinetics of Dextropropoxyphene and Nordextropropoxyphene in Elderly Hospital Patients after Single and Multiple Doses of Distalgesic. Preliminary Analysis of Results
Authors: Crome P. , Gain R. , Ghurye R. , Flanagan R.J. 
Published: March 2009

1 The plasma elimination half-life of dextropropoxyphene and its metabolite nordextropropoxyphene was investigated in seven elderly hospital patients after the administration of both single and multiple doses of Distalgesic. 2 The mean elimination half-life of dextropropoxyphene after multiple dosing was 35.7 h (range 24.0-50.6 h) and the mean half-life of nordextropropoxyphene was 53.3 h (range 25.1-76.3 h). 3 The half-lives of both dextropropoxyphene and nordextropropoxyphene are much longer than those reported by other investigators in younger subjects.
Comparison of inpatient vs. outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion: a retrospective case series
Authors: Liu Jeffrey T , Briner Rudy P , Friedman Jonathan A 
Published: March 2009

Abstract

Background
Spinal surgery is increasingly being done in the outpatient setting. We reviewed our experience with inpatient and outpatient single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating (ACDF+P).

Methods
All patients undergoing single-level anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with plating between August 2005 and May 2007 by two surgeons (RPB or JAF) were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent anterior cervical microdiscectomy, arthrodesis using structural allograft, and titanium plating. A planned change from doing ACDF+P on an inpatient basis to doing ACDF+P on an outpatient basis was instituted at the midpoint of the study. There were no other changes in technique, patient selection, instrumentation, facility, or other factors. All procedures were done in full-service hospitals accommodating outpatient and inpatient care.

Results
64 patients underwent ACDF+P as inpatients, while 45 underwent ACDF+P as outpatients. When outpatient surgery was planned, 17 patients were treated as inpatients due to medical comorbidities (14), older age (1), and patient preference (2). At a mean follow-up of 62.4 days, 90 patients had an excellent outcome, 19 patients had a good outcome, and no patients had a fair or poor outcome. There was no significant difference in outcome between inpatients and outpatients. There were 4 complications, all occurring in inpatients: a hematoma one week post-operatively requiring drainage, a cerebrospinal fluid leak treated with lumbar drainage, syncope of unknown etiology, and moderate dysphagia.

Conclusion
In this series, outpatient ACDF+P was safe and was not associated with a significant difference in outcome compared with inpatient ACDF+P.
Staphylococcal cysteine protease staphopain B (SspB) induces rapid engulfment of human neutrophils and monocytes by macrophages
Authors: Smagur Jan , Guzik Krzysztof , Bzowska Malgorzata , Kuzak Mateusz , Zarebski Miroslaw , Kantyka Tomasz , Walski Michal , Gajkowska Barbara , Potempa Jan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCirculating neutrophils and monocytes constitute the first line of antibacterial defence, which is responsible for the phagocytosis and killing of microorganisms. Previously, we have described that the staphylococcal cysteine proteinase staphopain B (SspB) cleaves CD11b on peripheral blood phagocytes, inducing the rapid development of features of atypical cell death in protease-treated cells. Here, we report that exposure of phagocytes to SspB critically impairs their antibacterial functions. Specifically, SspB blocks phagocytosis ofStaphylococcus aureusby both neutrophils and monocytes, represses their chemotactic activity and induces extensive, nonphlogistic clearance of SspB-treated cells by macrophages. The proteinase also cleaves CD31, a major repulsion (‘do not-eat-me’) signal, on the surface of neutrophils. We suggest that both proteolytic degradation of repulsion signals and induction of ‘eat-me’ signals on the surface of leukocytes are responsible for the observed intensive phagocytosis of SspB-treated neutrophils by human monocyte-derived macrophages. Collectively, this may lead to the depletion of functional neutrophils at the site of infection, thus facilitating staphylococcal colonisation and spreading.
Composite Materials: Fatigue and Fracture: Fifth Volume
Authors: Martin RH 
Published: March 2009

Description
Features the latest information on methods for predicting how composite materials and composite material structures fail. 27 peer-reviewed papers from the world's leading professionals in the field. Five key areas:
Delamination Characterization -- Eight papers explore the challenges of characterizing delamination fracture of laminated composite materials in terms of interlaminar fracture toughness.
Damage Modeling -- Developing appropriate models for predicting composite damage such as matrix cracking, fiber failure and delamination are considered in five papers.
Material Damage Characterization -- Five papers investigate how environmental exposure and mechanical loads damage composite materials.
Impact -- Methods to predict the effect of impact on laminated composite materials are explained in four papers.
Structural Damage Characterization -- Five papers describe failure or damage issues in specific structures.
Atmospheric Corrosion
Authors: Kirk WW , Lawson HH 
Published: March 2009

Description
This comprehensive publication presents 16 international papers on atmospheric corrosion and corrosion testing. Provides an understanding of atmospheric corrosion concerns from the standpoint of economics, safety, and aesthetics, and what is being done about them on four continents.
Topics include:
• Corrosion on basic metals and alloys used in construction, including: carbon steel, stainless steel, weathering steel, zinc, copper, and aluminum
• Results of an ISO program to characterize different atmospheres as to corrosivity
• Acid deposition and its effects on corrosion Marine corrosion.
The Use of Chemicals in Oil Spill Response
Authors: Lane P 
Published: March 2009

Description
The latest research and design developments in the area of oilspill control dispersants and other chemicals. This comprehensive volume provides up-to-date information on how best to deal with this environmental concern, with a special focus on three categories:
Laboratory Work: Testing oil spill dispersants, water-in-oil emulsion breakers, and performance evaluation methods for oil spill chemical dispersants.
Ecological Considerations: Marine life response to dispersed oil; resolving related ecological issues; and how dispersants perform under arctic conditions.
Operational Considerations: Dispersant application by Fire Monitor; a shoreline cleaner evaluation; oil droplet size measurements at sea; oil spill testing agents; and how breaking wave conditions impact chemical dispersants.
Nonmetric Clustering and Association Analysis: Implications for the Evaluation of Multispecies Toxicity Tests and Field Monitoring
Authors: Matthews GB , Matthews RA , Landis WG 
Published: March 2009

Many techniques developed by computer scientists in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are currently being used as standard, state-of-the-art technology. These techniques have proven their value and validity in medicine, geology, agronomy, and astronomy time and again, often beating human experts at their own game. We present here an analysis tool for multispecies data based on nonmetric clustering, an AI technique developed specifically to aid in the interpretation of complex ecological data sets. This technique uses AI search to find an appropriate and meaningful characterization of a multivariate system. After appropriately characterizing the system in this fashion, the relationship between this characterization of the system and the critical environmental variables (pollution, toxicity, etc.) can be quantitatively analyzed to aid in the assessment of the effects of the environment on the system. A priori endpoints or indices are not necessary; the data are allowed to determine the variables that best separate treatment from controls.
We have now tested this methodology over a series of multispecies toxicity tests using a variety of Stressors. During the initial blind testing the methodologies could pick treatment groups with high accuracy. When knowledge of treatment group is available, oscillations in the similarity of the treatments to the controls are apparent.
Much recent debate in toxicological studies has focussed on appropriate endpoints for multispecies toxicity tests and biomonitoring schemes. We suggest that the search for endpoints appropriate to the entire field of toxicity testing is a fruitless search. We recommend instead an approach that standardizes the common sense approach: different situations, even within a single experiment, call for different endpoints. Typically, the toxicologist, if called upon for an expert opinion, will examine multivariate data, and extract from that data a few critical species. The behavior of these species will give an adequate (though perhaps not complete) picture of the toxic effects. Which species are selected, and whether it is their mortality, behavior, or biomass that is important, will always vary from case to case. We call, therefore, for more research into the automation of the process typically performed by the expert. The selection of species, as well as other parameters, as significant for a particular experiment or field study, can be done automatically by computer algorithms. To be blind to the utility of these tools in the field of toxicology is to work by hand, over and over again, problems which could be solved in a twinkling with their aid.
Dredging, Remediation, and Containment of Contaminated Sediments
Authors: Demars KR , Richardson GN , Yong RN , Chaney RC 
Published: March 2009

Description
The first publication of its kind to focus on the problems of contaminated dredged material disposal.
22 peer-reviewed papers are presented in the following wide-ranging categories:
• Sediment Characterization
• Dredging Transport and Handling
• Restoration/Remediation
• Containment and Isolation
• and Management Strategies.