bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circadian rhythm of TSH in adult men and women
Authors: Custro N. , Scaglione R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The circadian rhythm of TSH secretion and its typical pattern were investigated during the spring of two successive years in a group of 12 adult women, and then in a group of 12 adult men, both having normal thyroid function. Blood samples were obtained from each individual every two h for 24 h. TSH was measured by RIA.
Data were processed by inferential analysis and represented using the cosinor method. The chronobiological rhythm of TSH is in good agreement with the typical function of circadian rhythms both in men and in women, significance averaging ‰.
The typical parameters of the rhythm (M = mesor, i.e. the mean level of the rhythm; A = amplitude of the sinusoidal function approximating the rhythm; Ø = acrofase, i.e. the lag from a reference timepoint of the crest time in the function) under the conditions used in our investigation were shown to be: Male subjects: mean ± se = 3.72 ± 0.21 mU/l, A (95% C.I.) = 1.15 (0.93–1.47) mU/l; Ø (95% C.I.) = 3.9° (−8.6° + 23.8°). Female subjects: mean ± SE = 5 ± 0.13 mU/l; A (95% C.I.) = 0.96 (0.86–1.11) mU/l; Ø (95% C.I.) = 8.8° (−0.2° + 20.5°). The patterns of TSH biorhythm are practically identical in both sexes.
Taking into account the methods used and the results obtained we think that the circadian rhythm of TSH secretion is programmed in both sexes in order to meet the cyclic requirements of the target gland, while several other factors which mark the course of the day at the level of central nervous structures function as rhythm harmonizers.
An ultrastructural stereologic study of the effects of angiotensin II on the zona glomerulosa of rat adrenal cortex
Authors: Mazzocchi Giuseppina , Rebuffat Piera , Belloni Anna S. , Robba Claudia , Nussdorfer Gastone G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effects of angiotensin II on the rat zona glomerulosa were investigated by morphometric and radio-immunological methods. Short-term (l h) angiotensin-administration induced lipid depletion in zona glomerulosa cells and a significant rise in the plasma aldosterone concentration. Chronic angiotensin-treatment provoked a noticeable increase in the volume of the zona glomerulosa and its cells, which was mainly due to the hypertrophy of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondrial compartment. In chronically treated animals the output of aldosterone in response to a short-term stimulation with angiotensin II displayed a significant increase. These findings are interpreted as indicating that angiotensin II is involved in the stimulation of the growth and steroidogenic capacity of the rat zona glomerulosa.
The growth of different organs of normal and dwarfed Snell mice, before and during growth hormone therapy
Authors: van Buul-Offers Sylvia , Van den Brande Jan Leo , Dumoleijn L. , Male A. M. Korteland-van , van de Klundert P. L. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
This study was performed in order to obtain more insight in the relationship between the growth of different organs of normal Snell mice and their dwarfed littermates before and during growth hormone therapy. Beside body weight the weights of the following organs were studied: liver, kidneys, heart, the muscles quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius, submandibular salivary glands, testes, epididymal fatpads, thymus, spleen and skinfold thickness.
The data show that, similar to body weight, growth of these organs in dwarf mice is arrested at approximately 2½ weeks of age, after which little further growth occurs, leaving their absolute weight far below normal. Related to body weight the liver is close to normal, lower values are obtained for the heart and very low ones for the kidneys, the lymphoid organs, thymus and spleen, and the epididymal fatpads. At two weeks of age the weight of the brain is only slightly less than normal, but gradually stays behind until it is only 2/3 of normal at the age of 17 weeks. Due to the small weight of the dwarfs the contribution to body weight of the brain is higher than normal.
Growth hormone, after 4 weeks of treatment, had induced significant growth of all organs studied, except for the testes and the thickness of the skinfold. After 10 weeks of treatment all organ weights were significantly increased. Growth was most marked in the lymphoid organs, spleen and thymus, and the epididymal fatpads (155–173% of controls). The submandibular salivary glands and the testes increased more than body weight (respectively 141 and 136% vs. 123%). Increase proportional to body weight was found for the muscles quadriceps femoris and gastrocnemius, heart, liver and kidneys. In contrast, increase of the brain (106%) and skinfold (111%) was much lower.
Hypoparathyroidism in diabetes mellitus
Authors: McNair P. , Christensen M. S. , Madsbad S. , Christiansen C. , Transbøl I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum immunorecative parathyroid hormone (iPTH) and indices of mineral and glucose metabolism were determined in 58 insulin treated diabetic patients (duration of disease 1–11 years). The mean serum iPTH level in all diabetic patients, measured simultaneously with sera from normal subjects, was 55% of normal mean (P < 0.01). The diabetic patients had hypomagnesaemia (P < 0.001), hypercalciuria (P < 0.001) and a 9.6% decrease in bone mass (P < 0.001).
Low serum iPTH values were correlated with high glycosuria (R = −0.28, P < 0.05) and with long duration of diabetes (R = −0.31, P< 0.02). Patients with both high glycosuria and long diabetes duration had especially low iPTH values (mean 16 ng/l, n = 16) compared with patients with both low glycosuria and short diabetes duration (mean 32 ng/l, n = 15, P < 0.005) and with normal subjects (mean 37 ng/l, n = 28, P < 0.001). The 16 patients with low serum iPTH values also had higher urinary calcium excretion rate (P < 0.05) than the 15 patients with low glycosuria and short duration of diabetes.
The diabetic hypoparathyroidism may be secondary to a primary disturbance of bone metabolism, with a negative net calcium balance.
Essential hypernatraemia, antidiuretic hormone and neurophysin secretion: response to chlorpropamide
Authors: AvRuskin T. W. , Tang S. C. , Juan Christina 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
An adolescent boy with essential hypernatreamia, absent corpus callosum, mental retardation, hypodipsia, and partial diabetes insipidus with 'inappropriate' ADH regulation and secretion was studied regarding factors controlling ADH and neurophysin release. Persistent hyperosmolality was noted while on 100 mEq sodium intake daily. Endogenous vasopressin activity was demonstrated after prolonged water deprivation. Hypertonic saline infusion produced increased volumes but dilute urine. Aqueous pitressin increased urinary osmolality, decreased serum osmolality, urine flow rate, and free water clearance. Stable water diuresis was induced by water loading and on normal saline infusion. Nicotine-stimulated neurophysin remained unexpectedly low and below the level of detectability when sampled during the physiologic studies, whereas oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin was elevated during oestrogen stimulation, water loading, and orthostasis procedures. Plasma vasopressin was suppressed with water loading but remained suppressed 90 min after tilt table testing. These data indicate impairment of the osmoreceptor mechanism; however, since the patient had a normal response of oestrogen-stimulated neurophysin, that part of the neurohypophysis appears intact. Chlorpropamide was effective in alleviating the hyperosmolar state acutely and maintained normal osmolar concentrations during two years of therapy.
Responses of the anterior pituitary of ovariectomized rats to oestradiol-17β administration
Authors: Kapp R. , Fox J. L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The response of the female rat anterior pituitary gland to oestradiol-17β administered sc by silastic capsule implants (6–120 μg/day) has been examined. Cholesterol, oestradiol-17α, and testosterone were used as control hormone implants. The biochemical changes in the gland as assayed by DNA, RNA, and protein contents were monitored at intervals of 7, 21,42, and 120 days. In addition, the number of cells per gland was determined by an experimental cell counting technique and correlated to the number of cells based on total DNA content. These results extend previous observations of the hypertrophy of the anterior pituitary and show essentially parallel increases in cell number, DNA, RNA, and protein contents.
Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion concealed by hypokalaemia due to ectopic ACTH production
Authors: Corrall R. J. M. , Frier B. M. , Ratcliffe J. G. , Podmore J. , Ramsay W. , Hare K. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A case is described of a patient with an oat cell carcinoma of the bronchus with moderately elevated levels of plasma corticotrophin (ACTH) and antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Ectopic secretion of ACTH induced severe hypokalaemia and concealed the effects of concomitant ADH secretion on renal function. Normal renal responsiveness was restored following correction of hypokalaemia.
The hypokalaemia was associated with evidence of a marked increase in corticosteroid secretion but plasma ACTH concentrations did not show a proportionate elevation. Chromatographic studies on tumour extracts suggest that the presence of a large fraction of high molecular weight ACTH in plasma could explain this discrepancy.
Role of the adenylate cyclase system in altered insulin release from islets of Langerhans of aging rats
Authors: Lipson Loren G. , Bush Michael J. , Tietjen Gretchen E. , Yoon Aeree 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In attempting to understand the causes of the hyperglycaemia observed in aging populations and to determine the mechanism(s) for the diminished in vitro insulin release from islets of Langerhans of older rats, the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system was studied in isolated islets from 12 month old and 2½ month old (control) male rats to determine its role in this altered insulin secretion. Islets of Langerhans were isolated by collagenase digestion and then either incubated in the presence of low or high concentrations of glucose for studies of insulin release or were sonicated and assayed for determinations of activities of adenylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase. Insulin release was identical from islets of 12 month old and 2½ month old rats to 2.8 mm D-glucose, while in the presence of 16.7 mm D-glucose, insulin release was decreased by 33% (P < 0.02) from islets of the older animals. Adenylate cyclase activity was diminished by 60% (P < 0.005) from the 12 month old rats as compared with islets from the 2½ month old controls, while low Km phosphodiesterase activity was similar in islets from both groups of animals. From these studies it appears that the adenylate cyclase-cyclic AMP system may play a role in the altered insulin release from islets of aging rats.
Changes in pituitary LH content and LH secretion in the long-term ovariectomized rat during prolonged infusion of LRH
Authors: Koiter T. R. , Pols-Valkhof N. , Schuiling G. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
LH secretion and the depletion of the pituitary LH stores caused by continuous infusion of LRH, were studied in the 5-weeks ovariectomized rat.
After 1 day of infusion at the rate of 416 ng/h, pituitary LH content decreased to about 40% of its initial value. Upon continuation of the infusion the LH content increased slowly until, after 7 days, it increased to about 54% of the original value. The plasma LH concentrations, after having reached peak values of 7122 ± 291 ng/ml after 2 h of infusion, declined to a plateau at about 300 ng/ml but it took 5 days to reach this value.
When after either 2 or 8 days of LRH infusion at the rate of 416 ng/h the infusion was changed to a 'supramaximal' rate of 10 400 ng/h for 24 h, a transient secondary rise of LH secretion was induced. The magnitude of the secondary response, was essentially the same after 2 or 8 days of LRH infusion, but these secondary reponses were significantly smaller than the LH-response during a similar LRH-infusion in previously untreated ovariectomized rats.
Comparison of propranolol and carbimazole as adjuncts to iodine-131 therapy of hyperthyroidism
Authors: Aro Antti , Huttunen Jussi K. , Lamberg Bror-Axel , Pelkonen Risto , Ikkala Eero , Kuusisto Arto , Rissanen Viljo , Salmi Jorma , Tervonen Sakari 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Seventy thyrotoxic patients were treated with carbimazole (36 patients) or propranolol (34 patients) prior to and for 6 weeks after a therapeutic dose of 131I. The therapeutic response was evaluated on the basis of the serum free thyroxine index (FT4I) value and the thyrotoxicosis therapy-index (TTI) of Crooks et al. (1960b). Propranolol alleviated many symptoms and signs (palpitations, hyperkinesia, finger tremor, resting pulse rate) as effectively as carbimazole, whereas others (dyspnoea on effort, tiredness, heat intolerance, sweating, nervousness, bodyweight) were not equally affected. Biochemical euthyroidism was achieved significantly slower in the propranolol group (after 100.6 ± 40.5 days vs. 48.5 ± 24.0 days in the carbimazole group) although the dose of 131I was administered after a mean interval of 22 days from the start of treatment in the propranolol group and after 66 days in the carbimazole group. Between 2 and 6 months after 131I the FT4I and TTI followed a similar course in both treatment groups.
As judged from the TTI scores 2 weeks after the 131I-therapy no evident aggravation of hyperthyroidism occurred in either group of patients. However, one patient in each group showed marked exacerbation of symptoms which was due to inadequate dosage of the drugs. It is concluded that propranolol, given prior to radioactive iodine, is equally effective as carbimazole in preventing aggravation of thyrotoxicosis after the administration of 131I. In the propranolol-treated patients the tests of thyroid function are more reliable during the drug therapy, but the slow development of euthyroidism may be of clinical importance in patients presenting with severe symptoms.
Thyrotrophin binding glycoprotein isolated from bovine thyroid
Authors: Czarnocka B. , Gardas A. , Nauman J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A butanol-water extraction of bovine thyroid plasma membranes was used to solubilize a thyrotrophin receptor. This method was found to solubilize approximately 12% of membrane proteins and 40% of the binding capacity of thyroid membranes for [125I]TSH. Thyrotrophin binding proteins were further purified 10 times over the butanol-water extract and 70 times over the plasma membranes by means of chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and AcA-54 Ultrogel columns. Purified fractions were found to be glycoproteins containing galactose, mannose, galactosamine, glucosamine and sialic acid. A minute amount (6.0 μg per sample) of two glycoprotein fractions obtained after chromatography on AcA-54 Ultrogel caused about 50% inhibition of [125I]-TSH binding to thyroid plasma membranes. This inhibition was due to specific interaction between thyrotrophin and isolated glycoproteins.
Serum levels of oestradiol-17β and luteinizing hormone related to follicular growth as monitored by ultrasound in women with normal menstrual cycles
Authors: Freundl G. , Terinde R. , Distler W. , Baumeister A. , Herberger J. , Kozlowski P. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Serum levels of oestradiol-17β (Oe2), luteinizing hormone (LH) and progesterone (P) in 20 healthy women were correlated to the size of the ripening follicle during the follicular phase of normal menstrual cycles. Growing follicles were measured by ultrasound using the full bladder technique. In each individual case a good correlation (r = 0.88) between the Oe2 values and the size of the maturing follicle was found. However, since all women examined ovulated at a different Graafian follicle diameter (range 17 to 26 mm), the corresponding Oe2 values showed quite a large variation (range 0.78 to 2.5 nmol/l).
The cervical score correlated to follicular maturation up to a follicle size of 19 mm (maximal cervical reaction). From then on no further improvement of the cervical parameters could be observed.
We conclude that ultrasound monitoring of follicular growth can be a useful addition to the Oe2 and P measurements in the clinical management of the infertile woman. Bifollicular maturation can be diagnosed early, when the endocrinological data are combined with follicle size. Moreover, a correlation can be made between follicular growth and oestradiol production in the individual cycle.
Characterization of placental luteinizing hormone-relasing factor-like material
Authors: Lee Jau-Nan , Seppälä Markku , Chard Tim 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
High pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and radioimmunoassay were employed to characterize luteinizing hormone-releasing factor (LRF)-like material in the human placenta. Methanol extracts of the placenta were washed with acetic acid and chloroform, further purified on coarse octadecylsilane columns, fractionated on HPLC, and tested by radioimmunoassay. In HPLC, placental LRF had the same retention time as synthetic LRF, and such fractions gave an inhibition curve which was parallel to that of synthetic LRF in radioimmunoassav. It is concluded that human placental I.RF is similar or identical to LRF in the central nervous system.
Influence of starvation on testosterone-luteinizing hormone feedback in the rat
Authors: Pirke Karl M. , Spyra Barbara 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
After 5 days of starvation, the body weight of adult male Wistar rats was on the average 34% lower than that of control animals. Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone in plasma were significantly decreased in the starved animals (−95% and −82% on the average). The in vivo response to hCG (10 IU per animal for 3 days) was not diminished in the starved rats. The in vivo stimulation with synthetic LRH (100, 200, 500, 1000 ng/kg body weight iv) caused an increase of LH at all doses. The response however was quantitatively decreased in starved rats. The pituitary content of the LH and the LRH content in the preoptic area and in the hypothalamus were not influenced by starvation; the LRH content, however, was greatly increased in the median eminence (33.2 ± 11.7 versus 15.5 ± 7.1 ng per mg protein).
The feedback was studied by castrating the animals and implanting silastic tubes of various sizes which released testosterone. The plasma levels of testosterone were proportional to the length of the capsules used. LH levels increased greatly (> 90 ng/ml) when testosterone levels were lower than 1.80 ng/ml in the control rats. The straved rats tolerated testosterone levels as low as 1.00 ng/ml plasma before LH was elevated. The LRH content in the median eminence increased in starved and control animals when plasma levels of testosterone dropped below 1.80 ng/ml. These data indicate that the increased sensitivity of the testosterone-LH feedback may be caused by an impaired release of LRH from the median eminence.
Non-specific adsorption of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) to powdered glass
Authors: Yasuda Naoki , Greer Monte A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
CRF activity from various sources (rat hypothalamic median eminence and posterior pituitary, bovine hypophyseal stalk, and human peripheral blood) was adsorbed to finely ground glass (Quso, Corning). CRF activity was eluted from the glass with 30% acetone. Up to 85% of the total CRF activity originally present in the crude CRF preparation was adsorbed to Quso or Corning glass; up to 25% of the original total CRF activity was recovered from the glass with 30% acetone. We conclude that CRF is among the hormones adsorbed by glass.
Comparative immunohistochemical studies of γ-melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) in the bovine and human pituitaries
Authors: Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Watanabe Keiichi , Tanaka Issei , Nakai Yoshikatsu , Imura Hiroo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Comparative immunohistochemical localization of γ-melanocyte stimulating hormone (γ-MSH) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH1-24) was studied on bovine and human pituitaries. By the combination of peroxidase labelled antibody method and 'mirror' sections, it was clearly demonstrated that γ-MSH and ACTH were present in the same cells in pars distalis and in pars intermedia or zona intermedia of the bovine and human pituitaries, respectively. Our studies further supported the concept of the production of precursor molecule for these peptides in pars distalis as well as in pars (zona) intermedia.
Effect of thyroid function on serum somatomedin activity
Authors: Marek Josef , Schüllerová Marie , Schreiberová Olga , Límanová Zdeňka 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
To obtain more information about a possible role of somatomedins in mediating the effects of thyroid hormones on the development and function of epiphyseal cartilage, somatomedin activity, measured on the basis of 35S incorporation in embryonic chick cartilage, was studied in thyrotoxic patients before and after treatment with carbimazole or surgery and in a group of patients with primary hypothyroidism. In 29 hyperthyroid patients mean values of somatomedin were 1.29 ± 0.03 sem and differed significantly (P < 0.01) from normals (1.04 ± 0.03). In 15 carbimazole treated patients and in 5 operated patients with thyrotoxicosis somatomedin levels fell from 1.29 ± 0.04 to 1.03 ± 0.04 (P < 0.01) when the patients became euthyroid. Correspondingly, somatomedin levels in 12 untreated hypothyroid patients (0.82 ± 0.04) were significantly less than in normals (P < 0.01) and increased from 0.77 ± 0.09 to 1.14 ± 0.13 (P < 0.05) in 4 patients on replacement therapy. In conclusion: somatomedin levels rise when thyroid hormones are present in excess, and fall when these are deficient. This suggests that thyroid hormones are important regulators of somatomedin levels.
Lipid metabolic studies in oophorectomized women. Effects induced by the addition of norethisterone acetate to two different oestrogens on serum individual phospholipids and serum lecithin fatty acid composition
Authors: Silfverstolpe G. , Johnson P. , Samsioe G. , Svanborg A. , Gustafson A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Norethisterone acetate (NET) was administered to 11 oophorectomized women (mean age 34.5 ± 5.9 years) primed with the 17-C-alkylated ethinyl oestradiol (EOe) and the non-alkylated oestrogen, oestradiol valerate (Oe2V) in separate periods. Blood samples were drawn after 4 weeks without hormonal replacement therapy, after 6 weeks on each oestrogen and after 6 weeks on each oestrogen-progestogen combination. Routine liver function tests were carried out, assessment of individual phosholipids i.e. cephalin, lecithin, lysolecithin and sphingomyelin was done after thin layer chromatography. The relative fatty acid composition of serum and high density lipoprotein lecithin and serum cholesterol ester was determined by gas liquid chromatography.
The redistribution of serum individual phospholipids (increase in lecithin and decrease in lysolecithin) induced by both oestrogens was reversed by the addition of NET. This lecithin-lysolecithin shift seen after NET administration could depend on a stimulation of the hepatic lipase with its phospholipase Al-activity. The 17-C-alkylated EOe, but not the non-alkylated Oe2V, caused an increase in palmitic and a decrease in stearic acid in the 1-position of serum lecithin. When NET (like EOe, 17-C-alkylated) was added to EOe, this palmitic-stearic acid shift was further accentuated, and it also appeared when NET was added to Oe2V. It is suggested that the shift in 1-position fatty acids of serum lecithin induced by EOe and NET is a non-hormonal 'drug-effect' linked to their 17-C-alkylation and liver toxicity. The reduction in arachidonic acid of serum lecithin and serum cholesterol ester seen after NET administration is interpreted as an anti-oestrogenic effect which could be mediated by a decreased transformation of linoleic to arachidonic acid in the liver.