bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Consortel: A CATV/TELCO solution, providing a fully digital fibre‐based broadband switched distribution network
Authors: Lacerte C. , Poirier J. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTelephone companies and cable operators have many needs in common. Both wish to increase revenues by adding new services. Both plan to convert to fibre optics in order to lower costs in installation, operations and maintenance. Each must provide basic services economically while replacing obsolete equipment and infrastructures.Each year, network operators devote a large portion of their revenues to the provision and maintenance of network‐based services and equipment. Lately, activities such as installing equipment at a customer site and detecting and repairing network problems have become an area of concern as organizations strive to minimize technological impacts and achieve operations savings.This paper is divided into three parts. First, the reader is provided with a description of the Consortel network architecture. This functional description is then completed by a description of the software applications that support network operations activities. Finally, economic considerations are examined in the implementation of this digital distribution network.
introduction and evolution of optical fibre systems in the local loop
Authors: Dyke Peter J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany administrations are actively considering the use of optical fibre systems in the local loop for connecting to end customers. These might initially carry a range of services to large businesses, followed later by telephony and/or cable TV services to residential subscribers. Finally, true broadband services will be required.This paper briefly describes some technical options for introducing optical systems into the local loop. It indicates a scenario for cost‐effective introduction known as ‘fibre to the kerb’ while providing an infrastructure suitable for evolving into ‘fibre to the home’ and later carrying future broadband services.
Buffer sizing in an ATM switch for both ATM and STM traffics
Authors: Gravey Annie , Hebuterne Gérard , Boyer Pierre , Louvion Jean‐Raymond 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSpecific queueing models are derived in order to size the buffers of ATM switching elements in the cases of ATM or STM multiplexed traffic. Buffering is performed either at the outputs or in a central memory for ATM multiplexed traffic; for STM multiplexed traffic, buffers can also be provided at the inputs. The buffer size is chosen in order to ensure a loss probability in the switch smaller than 10−10.It is shown that the buffer size per output in the case of central queueing is smaller than the buffer size in case of output queueing for both ATM and STM multiplexed traffics. Moreover, for STM multiplexed traffic, buffer sizes are identical for input and output queueing. Lastly, it is pointed out that buffers used for STM multiplexed traffic should be 4 to 20 times larger than the corresponding buffers for ATM multiplexed traffic.
An efficient contention resolution algorithm for input queuing atm cross‐connect switches
Authors: Obara Hitoshi , Yasushi Tetsujirou 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an efficient contention resolution algorithm and its distributed implementation for large capacity input queuing cross‐connect switches, which will establish virtual paths in future broadband ATM networks. The algorithm dynamically allocates sending time to cells held in input queues when no contention is indicated in the designated output ports. An expression for the mean delay and the cell loss probability for random traffic are derived through an approximate analysis. Input cells are served on a first‐come, first‐served basis as conventional contention resolution algorithms whose throughput saturates at 58 per cent because of head of line blocking in input queues. The proposed algorithm achieves a maximum throughput of 76 per cent.
Output‐buffer switch architecture for asynchronous transfer mode
Authors: Suzuki H. , Nagano H. , Suzuki T. , Takeuchi T. , Iwasaki S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a new asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switch architecture for the broadband ISDN. The ATOM switch ATM output‐buffer modular switch has a multi‐stage network structure, and is highly modular to facilitate capacity expansion. The ATOM switch element is of the output‐buffer type with a time‐division multiplexed bus and FIFO buffer for each outgoing line. Bit‐slice techniques are used to implement the high‐speed time‐division bus and buffer memories. The output buffer switch has the advantages of no throughput degradation since internal contention is eliminated, and a simple control structure for providing priority and multi‐point connections. This paper also deals with switching delay and buffer overflow probabilities for mixed (bursty and non‐bursty) traffic.
ARMORIQUE: A pure ATM versatile interconnection network
Authors: Dupuis Alain , Hebuterne Gérard , Quinquis Jean Paul , Lespagnol Albert 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present a proposal for a pure all‐ATM private network architecture able to be implemented on any physical wiring (star, ring or hierarchical network). The discussion is based upon an experimental network under study in CNET, named ARMORIQUE. Traffic estimations show that the solution proposed is able to fulfil severe grade of service requirements and offers sufficient throughput to the interconnected sources.
FB‐banyans and FB‐delta networks: Fault‐tolerant networks for broadband packet switching
Authors: Chen Wenh‐Shyen E. , Lee Kyungsook Y. , Yao Yow‐Wei , Liu Ming T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMany fast packet switches for the broadband integrated services digital network (BISDN) in the literature are based on banyan networks. Although banyan networks possess nice properties such as a simple control and a low hardware cost, they are unique‐path networks. Since there is a unique path from an input to an output in a banyan network, a single component failure may disrupt services of some nodes connected to such a network. Moreover, banyan networks are also blocking networks; packets can be lost within the networks. To reduce the packet loss, buffered banyan networks can be used.In an earlier work we have proposed the addition of backward links to otherwise unidirectional banyan networks to create B‐banyans (and B‐delta networks). Backward links not only function as implicit buffers for blocked packets, but also provide multiple paths for each input‐output connection. However, the multiple paths in B‐banyans may not be disjoint.In this paper, we enhance B‐banyans and B‐delta networks in such a way that the resulting networks can provide disjoint multiple paths for each input‐output pair. The existence of disjoint multiple paths has a significant effect on the network fault‐tolerance. The new networks, called FB‐banyans and FB‐delta networks, arekfault‐tolerant, wherekis the number of backward links per switch and is less than the switch size. They are also robust to more thankfaults, depending on the locations of faults. The maximal fault‐tolerance is achieved whenkis the switch size minus 1. The performance of the new networks is analysed and compared to that of other networks of interest. FB‐banyans and FB‐delta networks can be used as a switch fabric for fast packet switches to provide performance comparable to that of buffered banyan networks and good fault tolerance.
Platinum(II) and Palladium(II) Complexes with N‐Aminoguanidine (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 21/2007)
Authors: Aitken David J. , Albinati Alberto , Gautier Arnaud , Husson Henri‐Philippe , Morgant Georges , Nguyen‐Huy Dung , Kozelka Jiří , Lemoine Pascale , Ongeri Sandrine , Rizzato Silvia , Viossat Bernard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows shows how aminoguanidine may behave as either a monodentate or bidentate ligand in square‐planar complexes of platinum or palladium. In each case, the coordinating ligands can participate in extensive hydrogen‐bonding networks. Details are discussed in the article by D. J. Aitken, J. Kozelka et al. on p. 3327 ff.
Prediction intervals for growth curve forecasts
Authors: Meade Nigel , Islam Towhidul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSince growth curves are often used to produce medium‐ to long‐term forecasts for planning purposes, it is obviously of value to be able to associate an interval with the forecast trend. The problems in producing prediction intervals are well described by Chatfield. The additional problems in this context are the intrinsic non‐linearity of the estimation procedure and the requirement for a prediction region rather than a single interval. The approaches considered are a Taylor expansion of the variance of the forecast values, an examination of the joint density of the parameter estimates, and bootstrapping. The performance of the resultant intervals is examined using simulated data sets. Prediction intervals for real data are produced to demonstrate their practical value.
Forecasting technique familiarity, satisfaction, usage, and application
Authors: Mentzer John T. , Kahn Kenneth B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA ten‐year retrospective study of Mentzer and Cox (1984) was undertaken to answer the question 'Have sales forecasting practices changed over the past ten years?' A mail survey of 207 forecasting executives was employed to investigate this important question. Findings revealed both discrepancies and similarities between today's sales forecasting practices and those of ten years ago. One particular finding indicated greater reliance on and satisfaction with quantitative forecasting techniques today versus ten years ago. Another indicated that forecasting accuracy has not improved over the past ten years, even though the familiarity and usage of various sophisticated sales forecasting techniques have increased. Future research and managerial implications are discussed based on these and other findings.
An assessment of the economic value of non‐linear foreign exchange rate forecasts
Authors: Satchell Steve , Timmermann Allan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent research suggests that non‐linear methods cannot improve the point forecasts of high‐frequency exchange rates. These studies have been using standard forecasting criteria such as smallest mean squared error (MSE) and smallest mean absolute error (MAE). It is, however, premature to conclude from this evidence that non‐linear forecasts of high‐frequency financial returns are economically or statistically insignificant. We prove a proposition which implies that the standard forecasting criteria are not necessarily particularly suited for assessment of the economic value of predictions of non‐linear processes where the predicted value and the prediction error may not be independently distributed. Adopting a simple non‐linear forecasting procedure to 15 daily exchange rate series we find that although, when compared to simple random walk forecasts, all the non‐linear forecasts give a higher MSE and MAE, when applied in a simple trading strategy these forecasts result in a higher mean return. It is also shown that the ranking of portfolio payoffs based on forecasts from a random walk, and linear and non‐linear models, is closely related to a non‐parametric test of market timing.
Cointegration, error‐correction models, and forecasting using realigned foreign exchange rates
Authors: Joseph Nathan Lael 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study employs error‐correction models (ECMs) to forecast foreign exchange (FX) rates where the data‐sampling procedures are consistent with the rules governing the settlement (delivery) of FX contracts in the FX market. The procedure involves thatching (aligning) the forward rate to the 'actual' realized (future) spot rate at the settlement (delivery) date. This approach facilitates the generation of five different sets of sub samples of FX rate series for each currency. For comparative purposes, non‐aligned month‐end rates are also examined. The results indicate that the moments of the realized forecast errors for the same currency are not similar. Further, the ECMs derived are unstable, and their forecasting performance vary. The forecasting performance of the ECMs appear to be affected by the choice of the interval in which the sets of sub samples are observed. These results are attributed to the observed seasonal variation in FX rates.
A re‐evaluation of the quasi‐bayes approach to the linear combination of forecasts
Authors: Faria A. E. , Souza R. C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe subjective forecasts used in decision analysis should, in principle, synthesize all available evidence about the subject in analysis. In this manner, when part of the evidence consists of a variety of forecasting models or expert opinions, Decision Theory requires the decision maker to formulate a combination of these predictors. This work takes into account the Bayesian methodologiesout performanceandquasi‐Bayes, as well as the classical model ofoptimal combination, all applied to the linear combination of petroleum price forecasts, generated by experts from Petrobrás—the Brazilian oil company—for several international markets. It presents a theoretical description of the methodologies followed by a comparative analysis between performances of the best experts' forecasts and combinations. The performances and features of these combinations are also compared.
The decomposition of forecast in seasonal arima models
Authors: Espasa Antoni , Peńa Daniel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a procedure to break down the forecast function of a seasonal ARIMA model in terms of its permanent and transitory components. Both depend on the initial values at the forecast origin, but their structures are fixed and independent of this origin. The permanent component is an estimate of the long‐run projection of the corresponding economic variable and the transitory element describes the approach towards the permanent one. Within the permanent component a distinction is made between the factors that depend on the initial conditions of the system and those that are deterministic. The procedure is compared to other methods presented in the literature and illustrated in an example.
Predicting nominal variable relationships with multiple response
Authors: Umesh U. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFor forecasting purposes, it is useful to predict the most likely response of an individual to a nominally‐scaled variable using the response to a predictor variable which is also nominally scaled. Traditional statistical approaches are not suitable when respondents provide multiple responses. For practical applications it is desirable to provide a simple measure of prediction that is easy to calculate and understand. Two situations are described where predictions of multiple response are implemented and two indices of predictive association are developed for the situations. These indices provide predictive explanations where none were possible using traditional methods of predictive association. The need to complement these indices with conditional probabilities and log‐linear models is suggested. The evaluation and implications of these indices are discussed.
Judging the probability that the next point in an observed time‐series will be below, or above, a given value
Authors: Bolger Fergus , Harvey Nigel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe presented people with trended and untrended time series and asked them to estimate the probability that the next point would be below each of seven different reference values. The true probabilities that the point would be below these values were 0.01, 0.10, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 0.90 and 0.99. People overestimated probabilities of less than 0.50 and underestimated those of more than 0.50. Consequently, their subjective probability distributions were flatter than they should have been: people appeared to be under confident in their estimates of where the next point would lie. This bias was greater for the trended series. It was also greater in a second experiment in which people estimated the probability that the next item would be above the reference values. We discuss reasons for these effects and consider their implications for decision making.
Der Wandel der Oasen
Authors: Bürkert Andreas , Schlecht Eva , Häser Jutta 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEine hoch entwickelte Oasenlandwirtschaft bot neben dem Fischfang jahrhundertelang die Lebensgrundlage für die sesshafte Bevölkerung des Oman. Am Beispiel von abgelegenen Bergoasen gehen Wissenschaftler der sich wandelnden Wirtschaftsweise in Oasensiedlungen auf den Grund
Das Dach der Welt als Klimasensor
Authors: Schwalb Antje , Steeb Philip , Wrozyna Claudia , Mäusbacher Roland , Daut Gerhard , Wallner Johannes , Kroemer Ernst , Gleixner Gerd , Mügler Ines , Sachse Dirk , Mosbrugger Volker , Schütt Brigitta , Berking Jonas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDas Tibetische Hochplateau hat über die letzten fünfzig Millionen Jahre entscheidend das globale Klima beeinflusst. Im Seeschlamm des Nam Co suchen deutsche und chinesische Forscher nach den Spuren folgenreicher Klima‐ und Umweltveränderungen
Gene expression profiling and gene copy‐number changes in malignant mesothelioma cell lines
Authors: Zanazzi Claudia , Hersmus Remko , Veltman Imke M. , Gillis Ad J.M. , van Drunen Ellen , Beverloo H. Berna , Hegmans Joost P.J.J. , Verweij Marielle , Lambrecht Bart N. , Oosterhuis J. Wolter , Looijenga Leendert H.J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma (MM) is an asbestos‐induced tumor that acquires aneuploid DNA content during the tumorigenic process. We used instable MM cell lines as an in vitro model to study the impact of DNA copy‐number changes on gene expression profiling, in the course of their chromosomal redistribution process. Two MM cell lines, PMR‐MM2 (early passages of in vitro culture) and PMR‐MM7 (both early and late passages of in vitro culture), were cytogenetically characterized. Genomic gains and losses were precisely defined using microarray‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array‐CGH), and minimal overlapping analysis led to the identification of the common unbalanced genomic regions. Using the U133Plus 2.0 Affymetrix gene chip array, we analyzed PMR‐MM7 early and late passages for genome‐wide gene expression, and correlated the differentially expressed genes with copy‐number changes. The presence of a high number of genetic imbalances occurring from early to late culture steps reflected the tendency of MM cells toward genomic instability. The selection of specific chromosomal abnormalities observed during subsequent cultures demonstrated the spontaneous evolution of the cancer cells in an in vitro environment. MM cell lines were characterized by copy‐number changes associated with the TP53 apoptotic pathway already present at the first steps of in vitro culture. Prolonged culture led to acquisition of additional chromosomal copy‐number changes associated with dysregulation of genes involved in cell adhesion, regulation of mitotic cell cycle, signal transduction, carbohydrate metabolism, motor activity, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis, protein binding activity, lipid transport, ATP synthesis, and methyltransferase activity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modelling socioeconomic and health determinants of health‐care use: a semiparametric approach
Authors: Maurer Jürgen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper suggests bivariate semiparametric index models as a tool for modelling the interplay of socioeconomic and health characteristics in determining health‐care utilisation. These models allow for a fully nonparametric relationship between socioeconomic status, health‐care need and care utilisation. The only parametric restriction imposed is that multiple socioeconomic and health indicators can be aggregated into two distinct indices that measure the broader concepts of socioeconomic status and health‐care need, respectively. We demonstrate the usefulness of this class of models based on an illustrative empirical example. The estimations highlight complex interactions of socioeconomic status and health‐care need in determining care use, which may be difficult to grasp via standard parametric modelling approaches. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gender differences in smoking behavior
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Göhlmann Silja , Sinning Mathias 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates gender differences in smoking behavior using data from the German Socio‐economic Panel (SOEP). We develop a Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method for count data models, which allows to isolate the part of the gender differential in the number of cigarettes daily smoked that can be explained by differences in observable characteristics from the part attributable to differences in coefficients. Our results reveal that the major part of the gender smoking differential is attributable to differences in coefficients indicating substantial differences in the smoking behavior between men and women. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiling reveals genes associated with transendothelial migration of tumor cells: A functional role for αvβ3 integrin
Authors: Bauer Katja , Mierke Claudia , Behrens Jürgen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTransendothelial migration is a key step in the extravasation of tumor cells during metastasis formation. Here, we have classified 45 human tumor cell lines derived from various tissues according to their capacity for transendothelial migration in vitro. We could distinguish cell lines showing strong transmigration (TEM+ cell lines) from others that did not transmigrate (TEM− cell lines). By DNA microarray analysis we could cluster TEM+ and TEM− cell lines according to their gene expression pattern and identify genes differentially expressed between the 2 groups. Among these we found the integrin β3 subunit to be highly expressed in TEM+ cell lines as compared to TEM− cell lines. Cell surface localization of αvβ3 integrin receptors was exclusively found in TEM+ cell lines. Transendothelial migration of TEM+ cells but not their adhesion to the endothelial cells, or invasion into collagen gels could be blocked with an antibody against αvβ3 integrin and by RNAi mediated knock‐down of the integrin β3 subunit. These data establishes αvβ3 integrin as one key component of the transendothelial migration process of tumor cells, and as a potential target for anti‐metastatic therapy. Our gene expression analysis of a defined collection of tumor cell lines can be used as a starting point to identify further genes functionally involved in transendothelial migration. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.