bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vitamin D and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms in developmental dysplasia of the hip and primary protrusio acetabuli – A preliminary study
Authors: Kapoor Birender , Dunlop Colin , Wynn-Jones Charles , Fryer Anthony A , Strange Richard C , Maffulli Nicola 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe investigated the association of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) and primary protrusion acetabuli (PPA) with Vitamin D receptor polymorphisms Taq I and Fok I and oestrogen receptor polymorphisms Pvu II and Xba I. 45 patients with DDH and 20 patients with PPA were included in the study. Healthy controls (n = 101) aged 18–60 years were recruited from the same geographical area. The control subjects had a normal acetabular morphology based on a recent pelvic radiograph performed for an unrelated cause. DNA was obtained from all the subjects from peripheral blood. Genotype frequencies were compared in the three groups. The relationship between the genotype and morphology of the hip joint, severity of the disease, age at onset of disease and gender were examined. The oestrogen receptor Xba I wild-type genotype (XX, compared with Xx and xx combined) was more common in the DDH group (55.8%) than controls (37.9%), though this just failed to achieve statistical significance (p = 0.053, odds ratio = 2.1, 95% CI = 0.9–4.6). In the DDH group, homozygosity for the mutant Taq I Vitamin D receptortallele was associated with higher acetabular index (Mann-Whitney U-test, p = 0.03). Pvu II pp oestrogen receptor genotype was associated with low centre edge angle (p = 0.07). This study suggests a possible correlation between gene polymorphism in the oestrogen and vitamin D receptors and susceptibility to, and severity of DDH. The Taq I vitamin D receptor polymorphisms may be associated with abnormal acetabular morphology leading to DDH while the Xba I oestrogen receptor XX genotype may be associated with increased risk of developing DDH. No such correlations were found in the group with PPA.
Placentation in dolphins from the Amazon River Basin: the Boto, Inia geoffrensis, and the Tucuxi, Sotalia fluviatilis
Authors: da Silva Vera MF , Carter Anthony M , Ambrosio Carlos E , Carvalho Ana F , Bonatelli Marina , Lima Marcelo C , Miglino Maria Angelica 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
A recent reassessment of the phylogenetic affinities of cetaceans makes it timely to compare their placentation with that of the artiodactyls. We studied the placentae of two sympatric species of dolphin from the Amazon River Basin, representing two distinct families. The umbilical cord branched to supply a bilobed allantoic sac. Small blood vessels and smooth muscle bundles were found within the stroma of the cord. Foci of squamous metaplasia occurred in the allanto-amnion and allantochorion. The interhemal membrane of the placenta was of the epitheliochorial type. Two different types of trophoblastic epithelium were seen. Most was of the simple columnar type and indented by fetal capillaries. However, there were also areolar regions with tall columnar trophoblast and these were more sparsely supplied with capillaries. The endometrium was well vascularised and richly supplied with actively secreting glands. These findings are consistent with the current view that Cetacea are nested within Artiodactyla as sister group to the hippopotamids.
HIV-associated adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS): etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms
Authors: Lichtenstein Kenneth , Balasubramanyam Ashok , Sekhar Rajagopal , Freedland Eric 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated adipose redistribution syndrome (HARS) is a fat accumulation disorder characterized by increases in visceral adipose tissue. Patients with HARS may also present with excess truncal fat and accumulation of dorsocervical fat ("buffalo hump"). The pathophysiology of HARS appears multifactorial and is not fully understood at present. Key pathophysiological influences include adipocyte dysfunction and an excessive free fatty acid release by adipocyte lipolysis. The contributory roles of free fatty acids, cytokines, hormones including cortisol, insulin and the growth hormone-adipocyte axis are significant. Other potential humoral, paracrine, endocrine, and neural influences are also discussed.
Neutral genetic drift can alter promiscuous protein functions, potentially aiding functional evolution
Authors: Bloom Jesse D , Romero Philip A , Lu Zhongyi , Arnold Frances H 
Published: June 2007

Abstract

Background
Many of the mutations accumulated by naturally evolving proteins are neutral in the sense that they do not significantly alter a protein's ability to perform its primary biological function. However, new protein functions evolve when selection begins to favor other, "promiscuous" functions that are incidental to a protein's original biological role. If mutations that are neutral with respect to a protein's primary biological function cause substantial changes in promiscuous functions, these mutations could enable future functional evolution.

Results
Here we investigate this possibility experimentally by examining how cytochrome P450 enzymes that have evolved neutrally with respect to activity on a single substrate have changed in their abilities to catalyze reactions on five other substrates. We find that the enzymes have sometimes changed as much as four-fold in the promiscuous activities. The changes in promiscuous activities tend to increase with the number of mutations, and can be largely rationalized in terms of the chemical structures of the substrates. The activities on chemically similar substrates tend to change in a coordinated fashion, potentially providing a route for systematically predicting the change in one activity based on the measurement of several others.

Conclusion
Our work suggests that initially neutral genetic drift can lead to substantial changes in protein functions that are not currently under selection, in effect poising the proteins to more readily undergo functional evolution should selection favor new functions in the future.

Reviewers
This article was reviewed by Martijn Huynen, Fyodor Kondrashov, and Dan Tawfik (nominated by Christoph Adami).
Efficacy of and tolerance to mild induced hypothermia after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest using an endovascular cooling system
Authors: Pichon Nicolas , Amiel Jean Bernard , François Bruno , Dugard Anthony , Etchecopar Caroline , Vignon Philippe 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Introduction
We evaluated the efficacy of and tolerance to mild therapeutic hypothermia achieved using an endovascular cooling system, and its ability to reach and maintain a target temperature of 33°C after cardiac arrest.

Methods
This study was conducted in the medical-surgical intensive care unit of an urban university hospital. Forty patients admitted to the intensive care unit following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest underwent mild induced hypothermia (MIH). Core temperature was monitored continuously for five days using a Foley catheter equipped with a temperature sensor. Any equipment malfunction was noted and all adverse events attributable to MIH were recorded. Neurological status was evaluated daily using the Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Category (CPC). We also recorded the mechanism of cardiac arrest, the Simplified Acute Physiologic Score II on admission, standard biological variables, and the estimated time of anoxia. Nosocomial infections during and after MIH until day 28 were recorded.

Results
Six patients (15%) died during hypothermia. Among the 34 patients who completed the period of MIH, hypothermia was steadily maintained in 31 patients (91%). Post-rewarming 'rebound hyperthermia', defined as a temperature of 38.5°C or greater, was observed in 25 patients (74%) during the first 24 hours after cessation of MIH. Infectious complications were observed in 18 patients (45%), but no patient developed severe sepsis or septic shock. The biological changes that occurred during MIH manifested principally as hypokalaemia (< 3.5 mmol/l; in 75% of patients).

Conclusion
The intravascular cooling system is effective, safe and allows a target temperature to be reached fairly rapidly and steadily over a period of 36 hours.
CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets express connexin 43 and establish gap junction channel communication with macrophages in vitro
Authors: Bermudez-Fajardo Alexandra , Ylihärsilä Minna , Evans W Howard , Newby Andrew C , Oviedo-Orta Ernesto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGap junction channels constructed of connexins (Cxs) are expressed by peripheral and secondary lymphoid organ-derived lymphocytes. These channels in the plasma membrane play key roles in a range of lymphocyte functions exemplified by the synthesis and secretion of Igs and cytokines and during transmigration across the endothelium. Most recently, their involvement in antigen cross-presentation has also been established. We report here for the first time the expression of mRNA and protein encoding Cx43 in mouse-derived CD4+ Th0, Th1, and Th2 lymphocyte subpopulations and demonstrate the establishment gap junction channel formation with primary macrophages in vitro. We show that this mode of direct communication is particularly favored in Th1-macrophage interactions and that LPS inhibits lymphocyte-macrophage cross-talk independently of the subset of lymphocyte involved. Our work suggests that gap junction-mediated communication can be modulated in the absence of specific antigenic stimulation. Therefore, a further mechanism featuring gap junction-mediated communication may be implicated in immune regulation.
Effect of Solvent Polarity on the One-electron Oxidation of Cyclic Nitroxyl Radicals
Authors: Manda Sushma , Nakanishi Ikuo , Ohkubo Kei , Kawashima Tomonori , Matsumoto Ken-ichiro , Ozawa Toshihiko , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ikota Nobuo , Anzai Kazunori 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The one-electron oxidation potentials of two cyclic nitroxyl radicals determined by the differential pulse voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry were found to shift negatively with the increased solvent polarity.
An Efficient Heterogeneous Pd Catalyst for the Suzuki Coupling: Pd/Al2O3
Authors: Kudo Daisuke , Masui Yoichi , Onaka Makoto 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
PdII-loading alumina catalyst, which is simply prepared through impregnation of γ–alumina with Pd(OAc)2 followed by calcination in the air, shows a high catalytic activity for the Suzuki coupling of aryl bromides with arylboronic acids under phosphine ligand-free conditions. Only 0.25 mol % of palladium is sufficient for the promotion of the couplings in ethanol.
New Preparative Method of Aryl Tosylates by Using Organobismuth Reagents
Authors: Sakurai Naoto , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
A new method for the preparation of aryl tosylates by using pentavalent bismuth is described. Treatment of 10-arylphenothiabismine 5,5-dioxides, m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (MCPBA) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate in dichloromethane affords aryl tosylates in good to high yields.
Fabrication of a Novel Photoelectric Conversion Device Consisting of a Poly-3-dodecylthiophene Film and C60 Fullerene–Ethylenediamine Nanoparticles
Authors: Matsuoka Ken-ichi , Seo Hidetaka , Akiyama Tsuyoshi , Yamada Sunao 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
A novel photoelectric conversion device was fabricated by using poly-3-dodecylthiophene film and nanoparticles consisting of C60 fullerene and ethylenediamine on a transparent electrode. Incorporation of the nanoparticles substantially enhanced the photocurrent from the polythiophene film.
Metathesis Reaction between Hydroxo(tetraphenylporphinato)indium and Tetraphenylborate by Two-phase Reaction: Implication to Liquid Membrane Anion Selective Electrode
Authors: Baba Toshiyuki , Kanegawa Yoshio , Yasui Takashi , Takada Kazutake , Yuchi Akio 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The two-phase reaction of [In(OH)(tpp)] (tpp2−: tetraphenylporphine) with sodium tetrakis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]borate (NaTFPB) gave ion-pairs of a cationic dimer, [In2(OH)(tpp)2]TFPB, and a cationic monomer, [In(tpp)]TFPB. In contrast, a stoichiometric metathesis was observed by the two-phase reaction with sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) giving [In(Ph)(tpp)] and PhB(OH)2.
A Survey of Disease in Laboratory Animals
Authors: Seamer John , Chesterman F. C. 
Published: June 2007

Summary A questionnaire on disease in laboratory animals was sent to 46 research establishments. Forty questionnaires were returned which gave data on 3 055 448 animals of more than 20 species bred or purchased throughout a period of one year. These included 2 259 044 mice, 512 930 rats, 161 620 guinea-pigs and 35 723 rabbits. Replies from 18 laboratories stated that some specified-pathogen-free animals were kept. In the more commonly used species the average mortality due to spontaneous disease before use was usually greater than 10 per cent: most of the deaths occurred in un-weaned animals. Although the data returned in the questionnaires were insufficient to permit an assessment of the overall incidence of diseases on a quantitative basis, figures from individual laboratories indicated that certain diseases were widespread.
Circadian Rhythms in The Feeding Behaviour Of Laboratory Monkeys
Authors: Rohles Frederick H. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Two rhesus monkeys were trained on a lever-pressing task (35 lever presses for one pellet of food) and placed into isolation. Water was available ad lib. and the animals could 'work' for food at anytime they chose. Both animals exhibited a single major feeding period which repeated itself approximately every twenty-four hours, and while their individual performance curves were almost identical, their peaks were three hours apart.
Control of Acute Bordetella Bronchiseptica Pneumonia in A Guinea-Pig Colony
Authors: Woode G. N. , Mcleod N. 
Published: June 2007

Summary An outbreak of pneumonia associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica in a breeding colony of guinea-pigs was studied. Infected animals were identified by the use of nasal swabbing and necropsy examination, and measures were taken to control the disease and establish a colony free of this pathogen.
Skin Grafting and The Homogeneity of Inbred Mouse Strains
Authors: Brown Annie M. , Dinsley Marjorie 
Published: June 2007

Summary The results of the routine skin grafting on mice from fifteen inbred strains have been collated and examined. It has been shown that when strains are maintained on a modification of the single line breeding system there is an overall frequency of only two per cent of graft rejections with at least six generations between donor and recipient mice. Successful grafts are usually obtained even when donor and recipient mice are separated by as many as fourteen generations. It is suggested that mice not more than two generations from their common ancestor should be used for large scale skin grafting experiments because of the unsuccessful skin transfer between some mice more distantly related. With some mouse strains difficulty of graft healing is apparent, and it has been shown that these results point to a valid difference between the C57 and A strains.
A ventilation barrier to the spread of infection in laboratory animal colonies
Authors: Lane-Petter W. 
Published: June 2007

Airborne dust particles are an important vehicle for potentially pathogenic micro-organisms, which may thus spread from cage to cage. The dust itself may also be irritant to the respiratory tract, and produce a condition favouring the establishment of respiratory disease. A method has been devised of ventilating each cage in an animal room with a constant stream of air that is virtually free of particles, whether from another cage or from any other source. This method entails the use of a filter rack, which is simple and inexpensive, and so far appears to afford considerable protection. In effect, it places an air barrier round each cage. The complex aetiology of respiratory disease in the rat and the relevance of a filter rack to its control are discussed. The essential features of the design of a filter rack are given.
The Footbridge over the River Adige at Legnago in Italy Part 1: The Role of Modal Analysis in Design
Authors: Bullo Sandra , Marco Roberto Di , Siviero Enzo 
Published: June 2007

Weight reduction, achieved through the use of materials with high mechanical strength and, in terms of shape, by adopting visually light structures, gave rise to the design of constructions with low self-weight, which were therefore sensitive to the effects of live loads. This sensitivity is particularly acute in the case of footbridges, where pedestrian traffic translates into dynamic forces that can lead to resonance, since pacing frequencies would be similar to the natural frequencies of the structure itself. In general, the problem is one of serviceability. The footbridge over the River Adige at Legnago (Northern Italy), designed by some of the authors(1) of this paper, showed a marked sensitivity to repeated horizontal forces that tended to cause transversal and torsional vibration around its longitudinal axis. This paper examines how an analysis of Natural Frequencies (NF) and modal response revealed the excessive deformability of the piers to be the key reason for the structure to behave in this way. As a result, a design solution was adopted that involved a more sound connection between the heads of the new and existing piers. In regard to the serviceability behaviour with respect to vibrations caused by human-induced dynamic loads, the NF analysis showed that the added links improved the behaviour of the structure. However, some natural frequencies remained close to the range of typical human pacing frequencies (walking, running or jumping). A dynamic analysis was therefore performed, the results of which are presented in the second part of the work - with the aim of ensuring that comfort conditions are verified. Finally, the experimental frequency determination enabled the design solution to be checked, demonstrating the excellent ability of the Finite Element Model used to predict dynamic structural behaviour.
Equi-isoclinic planes in Euclidean even dimensional spaces
Authors: Et-Taoui Boumediene 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Let

. A p-set of equi-isoclinic planes with parameter λ in

is a set of p planes spanning

each pair of which has the same non-zero angle arccos

. We prove that the maximum number of equi-isoclinic planes in

is nine and that if λ > ¼, the maximum number of equi-isoclinic planes in

with parameter λ is equal to that one of equiangular lines in

with angle arccos

.
Nighttime Lighting and Feeding in Ponds Enhance Survival of Fingerling Walleyes during Habituation to Manufactured Feed
Authors: Harder Thomas M , Gotsch Gordon G 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
Our objective was to determine whether survival of fingerling walleyes Sander vitreus during the habituation interval in indoor tanks could be improved by means of night lights alone or by supplemental feeding near lights during the last half of the pond culture interval. At 17 d posthatch, walleye fry in one pond were exposed to 8 h of artificial lighting and were given supplemental formulated feed (L/F); another pond was exposed to 8 h of artificial lighting and no supplemental feeding (L/NF); and a third pond received neither artificial lighting nor supplemental feeding (NL/NF). After 44 d of pond culture, fish from the L/F pond were longer (mean ± SE = 40.3 ± 0.3 mm) and heavier (0.45 ± 0.003 g) than fish harvested from the L/NF pond (36.50 ± 0.29 mm; 0.35 ± 0.006 g) or the NL/NF pond (30.70 ± 0.17 mm; 0.25 ± 0.003 g). At harvest, nearly 85% of fish sampled from the L/F pond had lengths of 35–45 mm, whereas less than 5% of fish from the NL/NF pond were in this length-group. After the pond phase, survival during the 30-d tank habituation interval (used to wean the fish to formulated feed) differed among the three treatments; survival was 68.0 ± 1.3% for the L/F pond, 51.0 ± 3.8% for the L/NF pond, and 40.0 ± 3.8% for the NL/NF pond. At the end of the habituation interval, there was no difference in mean length (69.8–73.7 mm) or weight (3.0–3.5 g) among treatments. Mortality that was unaccounted for during the habituation interval—considered to be a measure of cannibalism—was not different among treatments. These results indicate that pond lighting, when combined with supplemental feeding or when used alone, can enhance growth of walleyes during the pond culture interval and can increase survival during tank habituation.
Effects of Different Types of Dietary Lipids on Growth and Fatty Acid Composition of Largemouth Bass
Authors: Tidwell James H , Coyle Shawn , Bright Leigh Anne 
Published: June 2007

Abstract
The effects of feeding diets supplemented with oils of varying sources and fatty acid compositions on growth, survival, and biochemical composition of juvenile largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides were evaluated under controlled conditions in aquaria for 12 weeks. Feed-trained juvenile largemouth bass (15.7 ± 0.6 g) were stocked into eighteen 114-L glass aquaria at 25 fish/tank and were fed one of five experimental diets (3 replicate aquaria/diet). All diets were formulated to be approximately isocaloric (4,200 kcal gross energy per kilogram) and isonitrogenous (40% crude protein), containing protein primarily from solvent-extracted fish meal and soybean meal. Each diet was supplemented with 5% oil (by weight) using lipids from various sources and with different fatty acid compositions. These included fish oil, corn oil, sunflower oil (high oleic), linseed oil, and a fungal oil (high arachidonic acid). Fish were fed twice daily to apparent satiation. At the end of the study period, there were no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) between treatment groups in terms of survival (98%), weight gain (595%), specific growth rate (2.2% per day), feed conversion ratio (1.5), percent protein deposited (28%), or hepatosomatic index (2.3). Whole-body proximate composition was not significantly affected (P &gt; 0.05) by source of added lipid, but whole-body fatty acid composition showed large differences and primarily reflected the fatty acid compositions of added oils. Largemouth bass may be able to use diets containing vegetable- and animal-source lipids, which are less expensive than the previously recommended fish oil.
Effects of estrone on full life cycle of Java medaka (Oryzias javanicus), a new marine test fish
Authors: Imai Shoko , Koyama Jiro , Fujii Kazunori 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEstrone is a natural estrogen detected in sewage treatment works effluents and in estuarine waters. However, there is little information on the effects of estrone on marine fish. This study investigated the effects of estrone on reproduction of the estuarine fish, Java medaka (Oryzias javanicus). Java medaka were exposed to concentrations of 39, 198, 484, 1,188, and 3,701 ng/L of estrone from embryonic stages up to adult stages for 239 d after hatching. The fertility and egg numbers of Java medaka exposed to 1,188 and 3,701 ng/L were significantly lower than that of control. The hepatic vitellogenin concentrations in male Java medaka exposed to estrone greater than 484 ng/L were significantly higher than that of control. Oocytes in testis (testis-ova) were not detected in the males in any of the exposure groups. The lowest-observed-effect concentration and no-observed-effect concentration for Java medaka were 484 and 198 ng/L of estrone. These results suggest that in relatively low estrone concentrations, 39 and 198 ng/L, Java medaka will not be affected by exposure to estrone.