bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Copper(II)-catalyzed O-Phenylation of Alcohols with Organobismuth(V) Reagents: A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Simple tert-Alkyl Phenyl Ethers
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Sakurai Naoto , Ikegai Kazuhiro 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
A convenient method for copper(II)-catalyzed O-phenylation of simple alcohols with organobismuth(V) compounds under mild conditions is described. Treatment of tetraphenylbismuth fluoride (Ph4BiF) with various simple alcohols in the presence of a catalytic amount of CuII acetate affords the corresponding phenyl ethers in good yields and the present reaction is successfully applied to the prepararion of various tert-alkyl phenyl ethers.
Fabrication and Characterization of Porous Copper Nanorods with Rectangular Cross Sections
Authors: Zhang Xiaojun , Zhang Dongen , Ni Xiaomin , Zheng Huagui 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Porous copper nanorods with rectangular cross sections have been successfully prepared in high yield via a hydrothermal reduction process at a relative low temperature. The phase and morphology of products were analyzed by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). An interesting red shift was observed in the optical absorption measurement and attributable to the porous nanorod with rectangular cross sections.
Watching the Transformation from Au Nanoparticles to Microplates
Authors: Wang Dongjun , Imae Toyoko 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The transformation from Au nanoparticles to microplates was observed. Triangular and hexagonal Au microplates with canal-like stripes were finally formed. It was proposed that Au atoms or ions “flowed” along limited path on Au(111) surface toward edge of microplates.
Symposium on ear surgery. V. Treatment of aberrant carotid arteries in the middle ear: A report of two cases
Authors: Ruggles Richard L. , Reed Robert C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwo cases are described in which aberrant carotid arteries were encountered in the middle ear. The course of the arteries through the tympanum was from posterior to anterior at the level of the promontory. In both cases a bony defect was present in the promontory, below the cochlea.Pre‐operative evaluation included carotid arteriograms and jugular venograms. Polytomograms of the middle ear showed the bony defect of the promontory.The technique of repair stressed maintenance of carotid blood flow. The arteries were covered by a temporalis fascia graft, then compressed into the promontory defect or canal with a bone graft obtained from the posterior wall of the ear canal. The bone graft was then covered by another fascia graft. Because carotid blood flow is not interrupted, danger of cerebrovascular accidents and neurologic sequelae are minimized in this operation. One patient has an unexplained neurosensory hearing loss, while the other has a mild conductive loss. They suffer no other ill effects and have returned to full function.Reference is made to possible anomalous development of the internal carotid artery.
Symposium on ear diseases. IV. Occupational hearing loss — recent guidelines and statutes of interest to the otolaryngologist
Authors: Fox Meyer S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractRecent federal and state guidelines for permissible noise exposure levels have created renewed interest in the industrial noise problem. The purpose of this presentation is to review the provisions of the noise criteria, to discuss the role of the otologist, and to call attention to areas of inconsistency and conflict in the medical legal evaluation of hearing loss claims.
Clinical examples of resolution of some idiopathic and other chronic disease by careful allergic management
Authors: Bryan William T. K. , Bryan Marian P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA series of complicated cases is presented in which the aspect of allergy and its careful management influenced the resolution and control of the disease.Examples consist of patients with severe headache, nasal obstruction, pharyngitis, Ménière's disease, gastrointestinal trouble — especially vomiting and diarrhea, anorexia nervosa, bronchiectasis, and severe chronic otitis externa with generalized eczema.The methods used to detect the allergic factors are mentioned, and the treatment necessary to bring about resolution of the diseases is discussed.Pertinent knowledge obtained from each case is elucidated.
Surgical parotitis
Authors: Yonkers Anthony J. , Krous Henry F. , Yarington C. T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSurgical parotitis is an acute inflammation of the parotid gland which occurs in the postoperative period and carries a high mortality. The most commonly accepted mechanism is penicillin resistant staphylococci ascending through Stensen's duct. Eleven cases which occurred at the University of Nebraska and Omaha Veterans Administration Hospital between 1948‐1971 were studied from the standpoint of etiology, treatment and prognosis. The disease was noted to occur in patients with poor oral hygiene and dehydration from six to 107 days postoperatively, but frequently appeared within two weeks. The disease manifested itself as a red, swollen, tender parotid gland, leukocytosis, and a low grade to moderate temperature elevation. Staphylococcus aureus was uniformly recovered in those cases which included culture. The organism was usually hemolytic and resistant to penicillin. Important points concerning prevention and treatment are outlined below.Preventive Measures.

Making sure the patient has an adequate fluid intake.
Correction of nutritional and vitamin deficiencies.
Frequent gargles and mouth irrigations.
Pre‐operative correction of dental caries, pyorrhea, and pharyngitis.
Minimal use of belladonna drugs pre‐operatively.
Minimize trauma during anesthesia.
Discourage use of prophylactic‐antibiotics.

Non‐Operative Measures.

Correction of dehydration, nutritional metabolic and vitamin deficiencies.
Warm, moist packs.
Lemon or orange juice to stimulate salivary flow.
Mouth irrigations.
Antibiotics.
Irradiation, 75R to gland daily for five days, has been used in selected cases with success.

Operative.Incision and drainage of the gland parenchyma.Prognosis depends upon the basic disease entity and response to measures for parotitis.
Symposium on malignancy. II. Occult regional metastasis: Carcinoma of the oral tongue
Authors: Lee J. G. , Litton Ward B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractReview of charts of 158 patients with carcinoma of the oral tongue revealed 108 (68 percent) were clinically free of cervical metastasis upon presentation. Patients who were found to have microscopic metastases after elective neck dissection and patients who developed cervical metastases but never a local recurrence were said to have occult regional metastases.The incidence of occult metastases was 23 percent with no difference between T1, T2, and T3 lesions. Determinant survival rates of the T1N0M0 groups were 83 percent and 57 percent at two and five years respectively. Survival rates of the T1N0M0 patients who had occult metastases were comparable (82 percent and 50 percent respectively). Survival rates of patients with T2N0M0 and T3N0M0 lesions with occult metastases were lower than for all patients in each of the two groups.The incidence of local recurrence in these same 108 patients was 27 percent with the incidence highest in the T2N0M0 group (31 percent). Survival rates of these patients, especially of those who developed regional metastases, were lower in all three groups of patients.The combined use of pre‐operative irradiation with cobalt 60 followed by en bloc resection of the primary tumor with the regional lymphatics has been very effective to date.The following conclusions are based on retrospective study of carcinoma of the oral tongue.

The incidence of occult regional metastasis is the same for T1 and T2 primary cancers of the oral tongue.
To date, combined therapy is resulting in higher survival rates in patients with larger oral tongue carcinomas.
To increase the probability of cure, elective treatment of regional lymphatics either by radical neck dissection or irradiation should be considered in the treatment of T1N0M0 epidermoid carcinoma of the oral tongue.
Symposium on malignancy. III. The curative, palliative, and adjunctive uses of cryosurgery in the head and neck
Authors: Desanto Lawrence W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe tissue‐destructive, adhesive, hemostatic, and immunogenic properties of cryogenic therapy are sometimes useful in treating head and neck tumors. Successful cryosurgery for necrosis of a tumor requires that the entire mass, be accessible. Lethal subzero temperatures, rapid rate of freeze to the initial temperature, slow spontaneous thaw, and refreeze, are also requisites for cryonecrosis. The results of cryosurgery in a series of 44 patients treated for cure or palliation or as adjunctive therapy from 1968 to 1970 are limited but encouraging.
Symposium on malignancy. IV. Neurogenic. Tumors of the parapharyngeal space
Authors: Brandenburg James H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTwelve patients with neurogenic tumors of the parapharyngeal space are reviewed. Ten of the tumors were benign and surgically removed. The two malignant tumors in this series, a malignant schwannoma and a neuroblastoma, were unresectible, and both of these patients died of their disease.
Microscopic laryngology: Teaching techniques
Authors: Tardy M. Eugene 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMicroscopic laryngoscopy can augment the skills of the laryngologist by adding increased magnification, depth perception and bimanual micromanipulation during direct laryngoscopy.By interfacing the Zeiss operating microscope to a low‐light‐sensitive high‐resolution color television camera, via a fiberoptic bundle, the surgeon may operate and teach, unencumbered by the addition of television equipment. This unique capability enhances the teaching of laryngology by:

Crystallizing the three‐dimensional anatomical visual image of the student.
Allowing appreciation of the dynamic laryngeal view during direct laryngoscopy.
Demonstrating the fine, accurate maneuvers of laryngeal instruments.
Allowing the instructor to monitor visually the surgical actions of the novice, advising and directing his manipulations, while allowing the student to gain personal surgical skills and confidence.
Demonstrating laryngeal lesions and surgery to an unlimited audience.
Recording on color videotape, laryngeal anatomy, lesions and surgery.
Esthetic anatomy of the nose
Authors: Bernstein Leslie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe sex, age, body build and general facial characteristics should influence the pre‐operative considerations in designing an “ideal” nose for any patient requesting a corrective rhinoplasty.Certain acceptable points of difference between the desired “male” and “female” noses are described. The process of aging also affects the appearance of the nose; and such changes should be taken into consideration when planning a rhinoplasty on an older patient, so that there should be harmony of all the facial features. There are certain other characteristics of nasal physiognomy to be considered pre‐operatively in respect to the patient's height as well as the general shape of the face and the outline of the profile; moreover, consideration should be given to possible desirable changes that may be brought about in altering an existing malocclusion or an imbalance between the jaws.The features of an “ideal” nose are described. It is suggested that, in comparing a given nose with the imaginary “ideal” for any specific patient, the deformities that require correction — providing they are considered amenable to correction — may be noted in a piecemeal fashion. This is recommended for the inexperienced surgeon who is not very esthetically minded, to enable him to evaluate the sum of deformities preoperatively, and to tackle them step‐by‐step at the operation.
THE value of gallium07 scanning in the evaluation of head and neck malignancy
Authors: Smith Norman J. , Teates Charles D. , El‐Mahdi Anas M. , Fitz‐Hugh G. Slaughter , Constable William C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractGallium (07Ga) citrate is a scanning agent that has been shown to have a differential uptake in a variety of malignancies. Investigation of the usefulness of 07Ga scanning in patients with proven squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck region is now in progress. These patients have a 07Ga total body scan as part of the pre‐treatment evaluation. The accuracy of the procedure is then judged by correlation with clinical and surgical findings. The results in 25 patients show that a clearly positive uptake occurs in 60 percent in the region of the primary. Uptake in metastatic disease in lymph nodes is much less, occurring in 6 of 18 sides of the neck. In one case, where clinical examination was considered to be negative, the gallium scan was positive and subsequently proven to be correct by histological examination of the surgical specimen. The various difficulties encountered in interpreting gallium scans in the head and neck region are described. It is felt that by improved patient selection and special techniques the yield of positive cases can be improved and unsuspected extension of malignancy demonstrated.
Laryngeal structure following microcauterization
Authors: Kirchner Fernando R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis paper supports and reaffirms the objectives of contemporary laryngology in the treatment of cancer of this organ. These objectives are, first and foremost, the eradication of the tumor, and second, the preservation of function. A relatively recent contribution to the “state of the art” has been the development of the field of microlaryngology. The introduction of the surgical microscope has provided the laryngologist with better means to judge the type, localization and extent of neoplastic lesions.Reports indicate that superficial limited carcinomas of the larynx with good vocal cord mobility can be successfully treated by vocal cord stripping and/or radiotherapy. This paper presents the serious challenge posed by these limited tumors when they recur after radiotherapy. In a selected number of these patients radical surgery has been prevented by treating these recurrent tumors with the microcautery. Some of these patients, so treated, have been free of disease for more than three years after their recurrent tumors were destroyed with the microcautery. During this time these patients have enjoyed adequate voices.Extensive studies that have been performed in dogs with the microcautery indicate that:
An excellent recovery of the larynx is the rule, if microcauterization is carried out superficially. These initial experiments were performed in 10 dogs duplicating the type and extension of microcauterization; as this procedure is usually performed clinically in the treatment of patients.
The anterior and posterior commissures of the larynx were found understandably vulnerable to exaggerated degrees of cauterization.
Management of chylous fistulas
Authors: Myers Eugene N. , Dinerman William S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractChylous fistula following radical neck dissection is a disturbing and potentially serious complication. Meticulous surgical technique in the areas of the thoracic duct on the left and the lymphatic ducts on the right will usually prevent the occurrence of a chylous leak. If one should develop, however, a pressure dressing alone is usually not sufficient to tamponade the leaking vessel. The patient should be returned to the operating room where the leak is identified and ligated.Loss of chyle from the body will rapidly deplete the body stores of fluid, proteins, and electrolytes. Careful monitoring of serum electrolytes and proteins and accurate replacement of these substances is essential.The anatomy, physiology, surgical technique, and treatment of the lymphatics and chylous fistulas at the base of the neck are considered herein.
Rhinorrhea with airway obstruction
Authors: Passy V. , Newcron S. , Snyder S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLife endangering airway obstructions have many facets and causes. Rhinorrhea is a symptom whose etiology may be overlooked if an immediate crisis of airway obstruction is present. Unless the cause for the obstruction or rhinorrhea is investigated it may go undetected and continue to present further problems for the patient. This is especially true of infants under six months of age who are obligate nasal breathers. The following are three cases representing this problem.
Use of metal complexes to synthesize semiconductor nanoparticles
Authors: Revaprasadu N. , Mlondo S. N. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Research in materials with dimensions of the order of nanometers has made a huge impact on the scientific community in the past decade. Chemists play an important role in this area of research as they endeavor to prepare pure, crystalline, surface-derivatized nanoparticles, which can be processed in potential applications. This review describes some of the routes to nanoparticles with particular emphasis on the use of metal complexes in the preparation of high-quality nanoparticles. The synthesis of II/VI semiconductor nanoparticles such as CdSe, CdS, ZnS, and PbS using the single molecular precursor route is reviewed in detail. The synthesis of some III/V semiconductor materials is also briefly discussed. Finally, current work on the shape control of nanoparticles is described. The mechanism of growth induced by variation of reaction conditions is discussed using CdSe nanoparticles as an example.
Printed nanoparticulate composites for silicon thick-film electronics
Authors: Britton David T. , Härting M. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The production of active semiconductor thick-film components typically involves the deposition of precursor materials and subsequent thermal processing to produce a massive semiconductor layer. In this paper, we present electronic materials, based on nanoparticulate silicon, to produce the active semiconducting layer, which can simply be printed onto low-temperature substrates such as paper. Particular emphasis will be given to the structure, morphology, and composition of the nanoparticles, which are produced by either gas-phase decomposition of silane or mechanical attrition of bulk silicon. Of further importance are the electrical characteristics of the composite materials, in which the active semiconductor is formed from an interconnecting backbone of silicon particles. These will be discussed for example structures, including junction field effect transistors (FETs), insulated-gate FETs, and photodiodes.
Designing ordered nanoarrays from aqueous solutions
Authors: Vayssieres Lionel 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The design and large-scale fabrication of ordered arrays consisting of advanced and well-defined building blocks such as quantum dots, nanorods, and nanowires is essential to the creation of new devices based on nanoscience. A concept as well as a growth model and a thin film technique have been developed by the author to contribute to these challenges. These ideas and synthesis method led to the creation of a new generation of functional materials from aqueous solutions with designed morphology and orientation, which are in better adequacy with their applications. Nanomaterials are growing directly onto various substrates by heteronucleation from the thermohydrolysis of aqueous metal salt precursors. Although this bottom-up technique allows the generation of anisotropic and oriented building blocks of various length scales and on many types of substrates, it is carried out without template, surfactant, applied field, or undercoating. Therefore, high-purity, low-cost, and large-scale fabrication of advanced nanomaterials is achieved. In addition, the direct contact growth between 1-D building blocks and their substrate is an essential feature to take full advantage of oriented nanorods, that is, a direct path for electron/hole transport. This specific conformation is of particular interest in developing more efficient devices such as sensors and photovoltaic cells.
Formation of ordered cobalt nanowire arrays in the mesoporous silica channels
Authors: Chernysheva Marina V. , Sapoletova Nina A. , Eliseev Andrei A. , Lukashin Alexey V. , Tretyakov Yuri D. , Goernert Peter 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Here we report the synthesis and investigation of cobalt nanowire arrays using mesoporous silica as a host material. In the present work, a novel variant of synthesis of ordered magnetic nanowires in the mesoporous silica matrix was suggested. The method is based on incorporation of a hydrophobic metal compound Co2(CO)8 into the hydrophobic part of the silica-surfactant composite. The amount of cobalt intercalated into the mesoporous matrix was measured by chemical analysis (~5 wt %). Additional thermal modification was performed in order to provide a crystallization process of the cobalt nanowires. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), small-angle X-ray spectroscopy (SAXS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nitrogen capillary adsorption method (BET and BJH), and magnetic measurements. The anisotropy parameters of nanowires were determined using temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility. For cobalt-containing sample annealed at 300 °C (form factor of nanowire higher than 16), the coercive force at room temperature was found to be 42.2 kA/m at saturation magnetization of 0.5 A.m2/kg, which is nearly sufficient for modern information recording media. According to TEM studies, cobalt particles are uniform and well ordered in the silica matrix. Thus, the suggested method leads to one-dimensional anisotropic nanostructures, which could find an application in high-density data storage devices.
Layered double hydroxide nanomaterials as potential cellular drug delivery agents
Authors: Xu Zhi Ping , Lu G. Q. (Max) 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the recent progress in using layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanomaterials as cellular delivery agents. The advantages of LDHs as cellular delivery agents are summarized, and the processes of interaction/de-intercalation of anionic drugs (genes) into/from LDH nanoparticles are discussed. Then the cellular delivery of LDH-drug (gene) nanohybrids and subsequent intracellular processes are presumably proposed. At the end, some challenges and remarks for efficient delivery of drugs (genes) via LDH nanoparticles are provided to the best of our knowledge.
Sulfonated polyether ether ketone (PEEK-WC)/phosphotungstic acid composite: Preparation and characterization of the fuel cell membranes
Authors: Shan Ji , Vaivars Guntars , Luo Hongze , Mohamed Rushanah , Linkov Vladimir 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Sulfonated poly(oxa-p-phenylene-3,3-phthalido-p-phenylene-oxa-p-phenylene-oxy-phenylene) (PEEK-WC) membranes with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) were prepared, and their electrochemical and thermal properties were studied. Composites were formed by adding the hydrated phosphotungstic acid (PWA). The membrane (DS = 0.96, PWA = 50 %) conductivity was increased to 3.5 x 10-2 S cm-1 at room temperature and 6.0 x 10-2 S cm-1 at 80 °C. The composite membrane with a low amount of PWA embedded, showed lower methanol crossover in comparison to Nafion®. The addition of PWA increased the water retention of the composite membrane.