bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Productivity loss in the workforce: associations with health, work demands, and individual characteristics
Authors: Alavinia Seyed Mohammad , Molenaar Duco , Burdorf Alex 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundDecreased productivity at work is an important consequence of the presence of health problems at work.MethodsThe study population consisted of 2,252 workers in 24 different companies in The Netherlands in 2005–2006 (response 56%). Self‐reported loss of productivity on the previous workday was measured on a 10‐point numerical rating scale by the Quantity and Quality method. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the associations between work demands, health problems, individual characteristics, and lifestyle factors with the occurrence of productivity loss.ResultsAbout 45% of the workers reported some degree of productivity loss on the previous workday, with an average loss of 11%. Moderate and severe functional limitations due to health problems (OR = 1.28 and 1.63, respectively) and lack of control at work (OR = 1.36) were associated with productivity loss at work with population attributable fractions of 7%, 6%, and 16%, respectively.ConclusionProductivity losses at work frequently occur due to health problems and subsequent impairments, and lack of control over the pace and planning of work. This will substantially contribute to indirect costs of health problems among workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:49–56, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Supramolekulare Koordinationschemie – Synergie von Zufallsentdeckung und rationalem Design
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Maid Harald , Scheurer Andreas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSupramolekulare Koordinationsverbindungen haben mehrere Vorteile gegenüber ihren organischen Pendants: Sie sind in Eintopf‐Reaktionen in hohen Ausbeuten zugänglich und weisen physikalische Eigenschaften auf, die organischen Molekülen in der Regel fehlen. Darüber hinaus ermöglichen ihre schwachen, reversiblen nicht‐kovalent bindenden Wechselwirkungen die Behebung von Fehlverknüpfungen durch Selbstreparaturmechanismen. Dieser Aufsatz beschreibt Entwicklungen in der supramolekularen Koordinationschemie, die ausgehend von Zufallsentdeckungen mithilfe rationalen Designs gemacht wurden. Das Auffinden von Parallelen bei der Entstehung verschiedener supramolekularer Architekturen ermöglicht eine Vorhersage von Ergebnissen in ähnlichen Fällen. Die supramolekulare Synthese verläuft in etwa nach Regeln, wie sie das “lead sheet” zur Improvisation in einem kleinen Jazz‐Ensemble vorgibt, und kann daher zu unvorhergesehenen Resultaten führen. Detaillierte Symmetriebetrachtungen haben basierend auf den Grundregeln der Koordinationschemie jüngst die Entwicklung rationaler Strategien für den Aufbau der verschiedensten Nanostrukturen mit geplanter Größe und Gestalt ermöglicht.
Characteristics of a spina bifida population including North American Caucasian and Hispanic individuals
Authors: Au Kit Sing , Tran Phong X. , Tsai Chester C. , O'Byrne Michelle R. , Lin Jone‐Ing , Morrison Alanna C. , Hampson Amy W. , Cirino Paul , Fletcher Jack M. , Ostermaier Kathryn K. , Tyerman Gayle H. , Doebel Sabine , Northrup Hope 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Meningomyelocele (MM) is a common human birth defect. MM is a disorder of neural development caused by contributions from genes and environmental factors that result in the NTD and lead to a spectrum of physical and neurocognitive phenotypes.METHODS:A multidisciplinary approach has been taken to develop a comprehensive understanding of MM through collaborative efforts from investigators specializing in genetics, development, brain imaging, and neurocognitive outcome. Patients have been recruited from five different sites: Houston and the Texas‐Mexico border area; Toronto, Canada; Los Angeles, California; and Lexington, Kentucky. Genetic risk factors for MM have been assessed by genotyping and association testing using the transmission disequilibrium test.RESULTS:A total of 509 affected child/parent trios and 309 affected child/parent duos have been enrolled to date for genetic association studies. Subsets of the patients have also been enrolled for studies assessing development, brain imaging, and neurocognitive outcomes. The study recruited two major ethnic groups, with 45.9% Hispanics of Mexican descent and 36.2% North American Caucasians of European descent. The remaining patients are African‐American, South and Central American, Native American, and Asian. Studies of this group of patients have already discovered distinct corpus callosum morphology and neurocognitive deficits that associate with MM. We have identified maternal MTHFR 667T allele as a risk factor for MM. In addition, we also found that several genes for glucose transport and metabolism are potential risk factors for MM.CONCLUSIONS:The enrolled patient population provides a valuable resource for elucidating the disease characteristics and mechanisms for MM development. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 82:692–700, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary plasticity and cancer breakpoints in human chromosome 3
Authors: Ruiz‐Herrera Aurora , Robinson Terence J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this review, we focus on the evolutionary and biomedical aspects of the architecture of human chromosome 3 (HSA3) by analyzing chromosomal regions that have been conserved during the evolutionary process, compared to those that have been involved in the genomic restructuring of different placental lineages. Given that the organization of human chromosome 3 is derived when compared to the ancestral primate karyotype, and is an autosome that is commonly implicated in human tumour formation, we examined the patterns of change and the genomic consequences that have resulted from its complex evolutionary history. The data show four discrete chromosomal regions that are frequently implicated in chromosomal rearrangements (3p25, 3p22, 3p12 and 3q21). These are rich in repetitive elements and are commonly implicated in structural rearrangements that underpin human genomic disorders and neoplasias. Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article. BioEssays 30:1126–1137, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The molecular basis of allorecognition in ascidians
Authors: Ben‐Shlomo Rachel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe process of allorecognition consists of an ability to discriminate self from non‐self. This discrimination is used either to identify non‐self cells and reject them (“non‐self histocompatibility”) or to identify self cells and reject them (as in the avoidance of self‐fertilization by hermaphrodites (“self incompatibility”). The molecular basis governing these two distinct systems has been studied recently in hermaphroditic ascidian urochordates. Harada et al.1 postulated two highly polymorphic self‐incompatibility loci, Themis (A and B), that are transcribed from both strands, forward to yield sperm (s‐) trans‐membrane antigen, and reverse to yield the egg vitelline coat (v‐) receptor. De Tomaso et al.2 characterized a candidate histocompatibility locus, encoding a highly variable immunoglobulin. Nyholm et al.3 isolated its candidate allorecognition receptor, fester. Only a minute similarity was found in the structure of the genes involved. It appears that ascidian harbor two very separate types of labeling and recognition genetic systems: one for self and the other for non‐self. BioEssays 30:1048–1051, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dysfunction of the ubiquitin–proteasome system in multiple disease conditions: therapeutic approaches
Authors: Paul Subhankar 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe ubiquitin–proteasome system (UPS) is the major proteolytic pathway that degrades intracellular proteins in a regulated manner. Deregulation of the UPS has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's diseases, Huntington disease, Prion‐like lethal disorders, in the pathogenesis of several genetic diseases including cystic fibrosis, Angelman's syndrome and Liddle syndrome and in many cancers. Multiple lines of evidence have already proved that UPS has the potential to be an exciting novel therapeutic target for the treatment of these diseases. Here I review how aberrant functions of various genes have implicated UPS in many human disorders including neurodegeneration and cancers. I also discuss the finding that some proteasome inhibitors possess a therapeutic potential as drugs against many such diseases. BioEssays 30:1172–1184, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Improved chromatographic fingerprints for facile differentiation of two Ganoderma spp.
Authors: Fu Chun‐Mei , Lu Guang‐Hua , Schmitz Oliver J. , Li Zhang‐Wan , Leung Kelvin Sze‐Yin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper addresses a comprehensive and comparative study of six phytochemical extraction methods for triterpenes from the fruiting body of Ganoderma spp. Quantitative analysis of extracts was performed by HPLC with photodiode array detection. In general, pressurized liquid extraction and microwave‐assisted extraction under optimized conditions produce better yields, and the former also significantly reduces the total time of extraction and manipulation of a sample, as well as the amount of solvent used in comparison with conventional soxhlet, reflux, ultrasonic, and methanol–CO2 supercritical fluid extractions. Based on the improved extraction protocol, the fingerprinting profiles for two species of Lingzhi were established using the consistent chromatographic features of 12 authentic samples. Eleven common peaks of ganoderic/ganoderenic acids were identified using LC‐ESI‐MS‐MS. These specific triterpene groups were adopted as chemical markers for Lingzhi. Using chemometric analysis, the developed fingerprinting was successfully applied to differentiate between the two species under the Ganoderma genus and is applicable as a method for quality evaluation of this valuable medicinal fungus and its related proprietary products. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using a high‐resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds
Authors: Nakamura Mitsuhiro , Ohmori Tomofumi , Itoh Yoshinori , Terashita Masato , Hirano Kazuyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) method using a high‐resolution octadecyl silica column compatible with aqueous compounds was developed for the simultaneous determination of benzodiazepines and their metabolites in human serum. This method enabled us to determine multiple benzodiazepines, including flurazepam, bromazepam, chlordiazepoxide, nitrazepam, clonazepam, flunitrazepam, estazolam, clobazam, lorazepam, alprazolam, triazolam, brotizolam, fludiazepam, diazepam, quazepam, prazepam and their metabolites such as 7‐aminonitrazepam, 7‐aminoclonazepam, 7‐acetamidonitrazepam, N‐desmethylclobazam and N‐desmethyldiazepam. The analytes spiked into human serum were subjected to solid‐phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The running time was within 25 min for the measurement of 22 benzodiazepines and their metabolites. The recovery rates exceeded 58.1% for those compounds except for quazepam, which showed a recovery of 45.8%. The limit of detection ranged from 0.3 to 11.4 ng/mL. Linearity was satisfactory for all compounds. These data suggest that the present method can be applicable to routine assay for benzodiazepines in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive method for the determination of omeprazole in human plasma by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Vittal Shivva , Ganneboina Ramesh , Layek Buddhadev , Trivedi Ravi Kumar , Hotha Kishore Kumar , Bharathi D. Vijaya , Mullangi Ramesh 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA highly sensitive, rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of omeprazole (OPZ) in human plasma with liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization in the positive‐ion mode. The assay procedure involves alkalinization of plasma followed by simple liquid–liquid extraction of OPZ and lansoprazole (internal standard, IS) from human plasma with acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was achieved with 0.01 m ammonium acetate:acetonitrile (40:60, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min on an Inertsil ODS 3 column with a total run time 2.5 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 346.1 → 198.1 for OPZ and 370.1 → 252.1 for IS. Method validation and clinical sample analysis were performed as per FDA guidelines and the results met the acceptance criteria. The lower limit of quantitation achieved was 0.05 ng/mL and the linearity was observed from 0.05 to 10.0 ng/mL. The intra‐day and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges 2.09–8.56 and 5.29–8.19%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study of OPZ in humans. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for analysis and quality control of compound Danshen preparations
Authors: Cao Jun , Qi Lian‐Wen , Chen Jun , Yi Ling , Li Ping , Ren Mei‐Ting , Li Yan‐Jing 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐TOF‐MS) method has been developed to evaluate the quality of three formulas of compound Danshen preparations (CDPs), through a simultaneous determination of 22 marker constituents (nine major phenolic acids, eight major saponins and five major diterpenoids). Optimum separations were obtained with a Zorbax C18 column, using a gradient elution with 0.1% aqueous formic acid and acetonitrile. Limits of detection and quantification were in ranges of 1.58–10.10 and 4.85–28.56 ng/mL. All calibration curves showed good linear regression (r2 >p;0.9900) within the test range, and the recoveries were between 78.4 and 103.1% for all analytes. The assay was successfully utilized to analyze the 22 marker components in 26 samples. The overall results demonstrated that this method is sensitive, accurate and reliable for the quality control of CDPs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hypnotizability and temporal dynamics of attention: a study on the Attentional Blink effect
Authors: Castellani Eleonora , D'Alessandro Luigi , Sebastiani Laura 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study was designed to seek hypnotizability‐related differences in attention temporal dynamics. For this purpose, an iconic version of the Attentional Blink Task (AB) was performed on 18 highly (Highs, score 9–12, SHSS form C) and 18 low susceptible individuals (Lows, score 0–3). The procedure consisted of two tasks in which two animal shapes (a coloured animal, Target, and a black butterfly, Probe) appeared in close temporal proximity within a rapid stream of distractors (black animals). In the Single task only Probe detection was required; in the Conditional task, Target identification was also requested. In this case, competition between Target and Probe for limited attentional resources decreases Probe visibility as a function of the time lag from Target (AB effect). A similar AB effect occurred in the two groups; nonetheless, Probe detection scores at the shorter lags were frequently higher in Highs than in Lows. This suggests that time constraints could affect the performance of Highs less than Lows, but also that the two groups could differ in attention capturing mechanisms, i.e. automatic capture by colour at the shorter lag. Moreover, Highs scores on Target identification were lower than Lows' ones indicating an impairment of Highs when engaged in dual tasks.
Synthesis and Antibiofilm Activity of a Second‐Generation Reverse‐Amide Oroidin Library: A Structure–Activity Relationship Study
Authors: Ballard T. Eric , Richards Justin J. , Wolfe Amanda L. , Melander Christian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA second‐generation library of 2‐aminoimidazole‐based derivatives incorporating a “reversed amide” (RA) motif in comparison to the marine natural product oroidin were synthesized and subsequently assayed for antibiofilm activity against the medically relevant Gram‐negative proteobacteria P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii. Most notably, an in‐depth activity profile is reported for the most active subclass of derivatives that bear linear aliphatic chains off the amide bond. Additionally, further structural modifications of the core template, such as removal of the amide bond or substitution with a triazole isostere, resulted in the discovery of analogues with antibiofilm activities that varied with respect to their inhibition and dispersal properties of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii biofilms.
Shape‐Persistent Macrocycles Functionalised with Coumarin Dyes: Acid‐Controlled Energy‐ and Electron‐Transfer Processes
Authors: Giansante Carlo , Ceroni Paola , Venturi Margherita , Balzani Vincenzo , Sakamoto Junji , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe have investigated the spectroscopic properties (absorption spectra, emission spectra, emission lifetimes) of three triads in CH2Cl2: C2‐M‐C2, C343‐M‐C343, and C2‐M‐C343, in which M is a shape‐persistent macrocyclic hexagonal backbone composed of two 2,2′‐bipyridine (bpy) units embedded in opposing sides, and C2 and C343 are coumarin 2 and coumarin 343, respectively. All the components are strongly fluorescent species (Φ=0.90, 0.79, and 0.93 for M, C2, and C343, respectively, as established by investigating suitable model compounds). In each triad excitation of M leads to almost quantitative energy transfer to the lowest coumarin‐localised excited state. Upon addition of acid, the two bpy units of the M component undergo independent protonation leading to monoprotonated (e.g., C2‐M⋅H+‐C2) and diprotonated (e.g., C2‐M⋅2 H+‐C2) species. Further addition of acid leads to protonation of the coumarin component so that each triad is involved in four protonation equilibria. Protonation causes strong (and reversible, upon addition of base) changes in the absorption and fluorescence properties of the triads because of inversion of the excited‐state order and/or the occurrence of electron‐transfer quenching processes.
Synthesis and structural study of variously oxidized diastereomeric 5′‐dimethoxytrityl‐thymidine‐3′‐O‐[O‐(2‐cyanoethyl)‐N,N‐diisopropyl]‐phosphoramidite derivatives. Comparison of the effects of the PO, PS, and PSe functions on the NMR spectral and chromatographic properties
Authors: Gács‐Baitz Eszter , Sipos Ferenc , Egyed Orsolya , Sági Gyula 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRP‐ and SP‐ diastereomers of 5′‐dimethoxytrityl‐thymidine‐3′‐O‐[O‐(2‐cyanoethyl)‐N,N‐diisopropyl]‐phosphoramidite (T‐CED) were separated by silica gel chromatography. Oxidation of both isomers with H2O2, elemental sulfur and selenium, respectively, resulted in the corresponding oxidized analogues in nearly quantitative yields. All reactions were found to proceed with retention of P‐configuration. This was confirmed by thorough NMR analysis which, in addition, aimed to study the spectral properties of the diastereomers with special respect to differences in the heteroatom effect of the O, S and Se atoms, double‐bonded to the phosphorus, on the vicinal carbon–phosphorus couplings. It was found that the changes in the ΔJ (=3J(P,C4′) − 3J(P,C2′)) values were basically induced by the electronegativity of the heteroatoms, rather than differences in the rotational preferences about the C3′‐O3′ bond. The impact of the benzene solvent on the above couplings is also discussed. The effect of these heteroatoms on the chromatographic (normal and reverse phase HPLC) behavior of the compounds was also investigated and the reverse phase HPLC profiles showed an unambiguous correlation between the electronegativity of the heteroatoms and the chromatographic mobility of the analogues. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral color reproduction minimizing spectral and perceptual color differences
Authors: Gerhardt Jérémie , Hardeberg Jon Y. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this article, we are combining minimization criteria in the colorant separation process for spectral color reproduction. The colorant separation is performed by inverting a spectral printer model: the spectral Yule‐Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. The inversion of the spectral printer model is an optimization operation in which a criterion is minimized at each iteration. The approach we proposed minimizes a criterion defined by the weighted sum of a spectral difference and a perceptual color difference. The weights can be tuned with a parameter α ∞ [0, 1]. Our goal is to decrease the spectral difference between the original data and its reproduction and also to consider perceptual color difference under different illuminant conditions. In order to find the best α value, we initially compare a pure colorimetric criterion and a pure spectral criterion for the reproduction, then we combine them. We perform four colorant separations: the first separation will minimize the 1976 CIELAB color difference where four illuminants are tested, the second separation will minimize an equally weighted summation of 1976 CIELAB color difference with the four illuminants tested independently, the third colorant separation will minimize a spectral difference, and the fourth colorant separation will combine a weighted sum of a spectral difference and one of the two first colorimetric differences previously introduced. This last colorant separation can be tuned with a parameter in order to emphasize on spectral or colorimetric difference. We use a six colorants printer with artificial inks for our experiments. The prints are simulated by the spectral Yule‐Nielsen modified Neugebauer model. Two groups of data are used for our experiments. The first group describes the data printed by our printing system, which is represented by a regular grid in colorant space of the printer and the second group describes the data which is not originally produced by our printing system but mapped to the spectral printer gamut. The Esser test chart and the Macbeth Color Checker test chart have been selected for the second group. Spectral gamut mapping of this data is carried out before performing colorant separation. Our results show improvement for the colorant separations combining a sum of 1976 CIELAB color difference for a set of illuminants and for the colorant separation combining a sum of 1976 CIELAB color difference and spectral difference, especially in the case of spectral data originally produced by the printer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 494–504, 2008
Neural mechanisms of chromatic and achromatic vision
Authors: Valberg Arne , Seim Thorstein 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBuilding upon electrophysiological recordings from the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the macaque monkey, we describe a model for neural processing of color and brightness/lightness information that starts in the cone receptors and continues in the opponent cells of the retina, LGN, and visual cortex. The excitation of the three cone types to direct stimulation by light is modified in accordance with a hyperbolic response function before providing inputs to retinal ganglion cells. Using weighted differences of such cone outputs, we simulate the responses of common types of opponent ganglion and geniculate cells to light modulation along the chromatic and luminance dimensions. Extrapolating the results of the simulation, we suggest a way in which the brain might combine inputs from the geniculate to obtain correlates of chromatic and achromatic color vision and of brightness/lightness perception. In particular, we demonstrate for the first time how combinations of “L–M” and “M–L” parvocellular ON‐ and OFF‐opponent‐cells may lead to a quantitative account of brightness and blackness scaling. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 433–443, 2008