bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carbohydrate supplementation provided through drinking water during feed withdrawal on meat and liver colours in broilers
Authors: Karacay Numan , Ocak Nuh , Sarica Musa , Erener Guray 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:The effect of saccarose supplementation provided through drinking water during feed withdrawal on meat and liver colour was investigated in a total of 50 broilers (five floor pens with 10 broilers) at 43 days. Treatments consisted of: (1) full‐fed control broilers fed the standard broiler diet and water for the full 10 h (control); (2) fasted broilers receiving only water (FW); (3) 1 g (0.01SW); (4) 2 g (0.02SW); and (5) 3 g (0.03SW) saccarose L−1 supplemented water for the 10 h. The CIE colour values representing lightness (L*), redness (a*), and yellowness (b*) were measured on raw livers, breast and thigh meats.RESULTS:Full‐fed broilers had lower dressing percentage, higher abdominal fat and liver yield and lighter thigh meat coloration than the FW birds (P < 0.05). The 0.02SW and 0.03SW resulted in live shrinks that were lower (P < 0.05) than those found in FW broilers. The 0.02SW and 0.03SW resulted in liver colours that were lighter than those found in FW and 0.01SW birds but darker than from control birds (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:It was concluded that saccarose supplementation during feed withdrawal appears to have a measurable impact on live shrink, and lightness of liver and thigh meat colour in broilers. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Broccoli (Brassica oleraceavar. botrytis L.) improves the survival and up‐regulates endogenous antioxidant enzymes inDrosophila melanogasterchallenged with reactive oxygen species
Authors: Li Yuk Man , Chan Ho Yin Edwin , Huang Yu , Chen Zhen Yu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) is commonly used as an ageing model. It is unknown if commonly consumed vegetables can affect the survival of fruit fly. The present study was to investigate effect of broccoli, cabbage, Chinese cabbage and carrot on the survival time ofDrosophila melanogaster, when the flies were challenged with superoxide anion (paraquat) and hydrogen peroxide.RESULTS:The paraquat and hydrogen peroxide survival tests found that broccoli extracts (BE) was most effective in prolonging the mean survival time compared with the control and other three vegetable extracts. The prolongation of survival time by BE was dose‐dependent in range of 1–50 mg mL−1diet. Supplementation of BE reduced not only total body lipid hydroperoxide level (LPO) but also increased the activity of copper‐zinc containing superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), manganese containing SOD (MnSOD) and catalase. RT‐PCR analysis indicated that the increase in enzymatic activities of SOD and catalase was mediated by up‐regulation of genes for CuZnSOD, MnSOD and catalase.CONCLUSION:The free‐radical scavenging activity of BE inDrosophila melanogasterwas mediated, at least in part, by up‐regulation of endogenous antioxidant enzymes at both the transcriptional and translational level. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Active Bowman–Birk inhibitors survive gastrointestinal digestion at the terminal ileum of pigs fed chickpea‐based diets
Authors: Clemente Alfonso , Jimenez Elisabeth , Marin‐Manzano M Carmen , Rubio Luis A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Protease inhibitors of the Bowman–Birk family have been demonstrated to be naturally occurring chemopreventive agents in a wide range of in vitro and in vivo models. In vitro and in vivo experiments have reported that Bowman–Birk inhibitors (BBIs) may exert colorectal chemopreventive effects. To exert such effects, these proteins have to survive, at least to some extent, the digestive process within the gastrointestinal tract.RESULTS: In order to determine the survival rates of functional BBI proteins in vivo, five castrated male pigs (100 ± 2 kg body weight) fitted with T‐shaped cannulas at the terminal ileum were fed a chickpea‐based diet. Pigs fed hydrolysed casein as the only protein source were used as an experimental control diet. The survival rates of BBI proteins from chickpea‐based diets at the terminal ileum, expressed in terms of trypsin (TIA) and chymotrypsin inhibitory activity (CIA), were 7.3 and 4.4%, respectively. The presence of BBI proteins in ileal samples from pigs fed chickpea‐based diet was confirmed by SDS‐PAGE and peptide mass fingerprinting.CONCLUSION: It is concluded that significant amounts of active BBI proteins reach the large intestine of the pig. Further pharmacological studies are necessary in order to determine the potential of dietary BBI proteins as colorectal chemopreventive agents in humans. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Mineral contents of some aromatic plants, their growth soils and infusions
Authors: Zengin Mehmet , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Çetin Ümmühan , Gezgin Sait 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: In this study, 18 kinds of medicinal plants were collected together with their soils from different regions of Turkey and their macro‐ and micro‐element and heavy metal contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). In soils, pH, electrical conductivity, carbonate (lime), organic matter, texture, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn and B were analysed. In plants and extracts, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, B, Na, Al, Li, Pb, Ni, Cd, Co and Cr contents were determined. Also, correlations between soil and plant and between plant and extract were established.RESULTS: Element concentrations ranged between 0.11 and 5160 µg g−1 in soil samples, between 0.14 and 54400 µg g−1 in plant samples and between 0.039 and 22033 µg g−1 in extract samples. While sage was rich in Fe (981.3 µg g−1), basil was abundant in P (9.8 mg g−1), K (54.4 mg g−1), Ca (22.6 mg g−1), Mg (3.1 mg g−1) and Zn (46.05 µg g−1) and mint was rich in Li (23.50 µg g−1). Moreover, while high levels of P (4100.9 µg g−1), K (22033 µg g−1) and Mg (529.15 µg g−1) were found in basil extract, Ca (5979.3 µg g−1) was present at high concentration in marjoram leaf extract. Also, Fe (4.25 µg g−1) and Zn (17.51 µg g−1) were detected at high levels in lime flower and mint extracts respectively.CONCLUSION: It was concluded that aromatic plants are important sources of nutrients and essential elements. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure and properties of electromagnetic metamaterials
Authors: Wood B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMetamaterials are artificial materials structured on a subwavelength scale to provide electromagnetic properties beyond those available in nature. Progress in this young field has been startlingly swift. The last year alone has seen the realization of the first optical negative‐index metamaterials and the constructon of two very striking metamaterial‐based devices: an invisibility cloak and a far‐field lens capable of subwavelength imaging. Here, I review these developments and the key concepts that made them possible.
A note on the Poisson structures of the space of probability measures
Authors: Shishido Yuichi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe space of probability measures on a Riemannian manifold is endowed with the Fisher information metric. In [4] T. Friedrich showed that this space admits also Poisson structures {, }. In this note, we give directly another proof for the structure {, } being Poisson. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence and multiplicity of solutions to a perturbed Neumann problem
Authors: Anello Giovanni 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper we establish an existence theorem of strong solutions to a perturbed Neumann problem of the type
equation image
In particular, our solutions take their values in a fixed real interval. This latter fact allows us to state a multiplicity result assuming on f an oscillating behavior. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determining the temperature from incomplete boundary data
Authors: Johansson B. Tomas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn iterative procedure for determining temperature fields from Cauchy data given on a part of the boundary is presented. At each iteration step, a series of mixed well‐posed boundary value problems are solved for the heat operator and its adjoint. A convergence proof of this method in a weighted L2‐space is included, as well as a stopping criteria for the case of noisy data. Moreover, a solvability result in a weighted Sobolev space for a parabolic initial boundary value problem of second order with mixed boundary conditions is presented. Regularity of the solution is proved. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unique marine taphonomy in human skeletal material recovered from the medieval warship Mary Rose
Authors: Bell L. S. , Elkerton A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effect of skeletal exposure in a marine environment is an area of taphonomy that has been little investigated at the microscopic level. Understanding the peri‐mortem and subsequent post mortem history of deposition and/or redeposition is extremely important for event reconstruction and to identify deliberate or accidental redeposition. The material used for this study comes primarily from the Mary Rose shipwreck (a marine mass fatality dated AD 1545), and forensic material recovered from marine, lacustrine and terrestrial contexts is retrospectively referenced. Work presented here outlines a definitive type of marine exposure seen in temperate shallow off‐shore and intertidal marine contexts, and illustrates how it may be differentially identified from terrestrial deposition and exposure. Furthermore, the effects of rapid deposition on skeletal remains have been documented, and results indicate that marine organism fouling activity can be fully inhibited by rapid deposition of sediment. The responsible organism itself remains unidentified, but produces tunnels which are peripheral in their distribution and maintain fixed dimensions and morphology and are here associated with marine exposure. This type of microstructural change is unique and is not found in terrestrial or freshwater contexts. The study demonstrates a taphonomic microstructural change to bone and teeth which may be identified microscopically and interpreted as evidence of marine exposure. Secondarily, the history of depositional exposure between the two main Tudor layers has provided a new level of detail concerning exposure and site formation processes. The earliest Tudor layer formed rapidly over a period of months and contained no evidence of microstructural tunnelling, whereas microstructural tunnelling was seen exclusively in the second Tudor layer, formed over a period of decades, a period during which the ship's hull collapsed and a more open marine environment dominated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regulation of bone morphogenetic protein signalling in human pulmonary vascular development
Authors: Southwood M , Jeffery TK , Yang X , Upton PD , Hall SM , Atkinson C , Haworth SG , Stewart S , Reynolds PN , Long L , Trembath RC , Morrell NW 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type II receptor (BMPR‐II) is predominantly expressed on the vascular endothelium in the adult lung. Although mutations in BMPR‐II are known to underlie many cases of familial pulmonary arterial hypertension (FPAH), little is known regarding the expression of BMPs and their signalling pathways during normal lung development or the impact of BMPR‐II mutations on endothelial cell function. We determined the cellular localization and expression levels of BMP4, BMP receptors, and activation of downstream signalling via phospho‐Smad1 in a developmental series of human embryonic and fetal lungs by immunohistochemistry. The expression of BMP4 and BMP receptors was temporally and spatially regulated during lung development. BMPR‐II expression correlated with phosphorylation of tissue Smad1 and was highest during the late pseudoglandular and early canalicular stage of lung development, when vasculogenesis is intense. Phospho‐Smad1 expression was associated with markers of proliferation in endothelial cells. In vitro studies confirmed that BMPs 2 and 4 induced phosphorylation of Smad1/5 and pulmonary artery endothelial cell (PAEC) migration and proliferation. Adenoviral transfection of PAECs with mutant kinase‐deficient BMPR‐II, or siRNA knockdown of BMPR‐II, inhibited Smad signalling and the proliferative response to BMP4. Our findings support a critical role for BMPs in lung vasculogenesis. Dysfunctional BMP signalling in PAECs during development may lead to abnormal pulmonary vascular development and contribute to the pathogenesis of FPAH. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tonsillar crypt epithelium of palmoplantar pustulosis secretes interleukin‐6 to support B‐cell development via p63/p73 transcription factors
Authors: Koshiba S , Ichimiya S , Nagashima T , Tonooka A , Kubo T , Kikuchi T , Himi T , Sato N 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPalmoplantar pustulosis (PPP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by psoriasis‐like erythematous lesions on palms and/or soles due to an abnormal humoral immune response. Tonsillectomy is effectively employed for the treatment of PPP; however, how tonsils are involved in the aetiology of PPP remains unclear. Here we analysed surgically resected palatine tonsils from 36 cases of PPP as well as usual recurrent tonsillitis (RT) as a control. Histological examination revealed that a unique lesion, with lymphoid follicles surrounded by reticular crypt epithelial cells, was more frequently observed in tonsils of patients with PPP than in those with RT (p < 0.0001; PPP vs RT). Interestingly, crypt epithelial cells in primary cultures derived from PPP tonsils showed marked production of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6). Moreover, these epithelial cells from PPP tonsils expressed p53‐related transcription factors in their nuclei that were found to contribute to the up‐regulation of IL‐6 gene expression. These findings suggest that, at least in part, the specialized lymphoepithelial symbiosis of PPP tonsils, under the control of p53‐related factors, may be relevant to the generation of the impaired micro‐environment underlying the aberrant production of autoantibodies. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression signatures in lung cancer reveal a profile for EGFR‐mutant tumours and identify selective PIK3CA overexpression by gene amplification
Authors: Angulo B , Suarez‐Gauthier A , Lopez‐Rios F , Medina PP , Conde E , Tang M , Soler G , Lopez‐Encuentra A , Cigudosa JC , Sanchez‐Cespedes M 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe development of targeted therapies creates a need to discriminate tumours accurately by their histological and genetic characteristics. Here, we aim to identify gene expression profiles and single markers that recapitulate the pathological and genetic background of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed cDNA microarray analysis on a series of 69 NSCLCs, with known mutation status for important genes, and six normal lung tissues. Unsupervised cluster analysis segregated normal lungs from lung tumours and lung tumours according to their histopathology and the presence of EGFR mutations. Several transcripts were highly overexpressed (by ∼20 times) in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) relative to adenocarcinomas (ACs) and confirmed by immunohistochemistry in an independent cohort of 75 lung tumours. Expression of 13 genes constituted the most prominent hallmarks of EGFR‐mutant tumours, including increased levels of proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and down‐regulation of X‐box binding protein 1 (XBP1). No genes were differentially expressed, with a fold change ≥ 4 or ≤0.25 and a significance level of 5% false‐discovery rate, in tumours carrying mutations of TP53 or KRAS. In addition, we organized gene expression data by the position of each gene in the chromosome and observed a cluster of highly expressed genes in chromosome 3q, including PIK3CA, that was characteristic of SCCs. FISH analysis demonstrated a strong statistically significant association between increased levels of PIK3CA expression in these tumours and gene amplification (p < 0.0001; t‐test). In conclusion, histopathological phenotypes and, likely, the presence of EGFR mutations confer lung tumours with a marked pattern of gene expression. Moreover, our cDNA microarray analysis identified increased PIK3CA expression due to gene amplification in lung squamous cell carcinomas: this may represent a marker of sensitivity to therapy with PI3K inhibitors. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of herbal drugs during early pregnancy in relation to maternal characteristics and pregnancy outcome
Authors: Holst Lone , Nordeng Hedvig , Haavik Svein 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPurposeTo study characteristics of women using herbal drugs and the possible impact of use in early pregnancy on pregnancy outcome.MethodsData on the use of herbal drugs during pregnancy were obtained from the Swedish Medical Birth Register during the period 1st July 1995 to end of 2004. Women who reported use of herbal drugs were compared to all women giving birth during the period. Outcome variables were prematurity, birth weight, Apgar score, number of infants in delivery and congenital malformations.ResultsAmong the 860 215 women in the register, 787 (0.9%) reported use of herbal drugs during early pregnancy. The most frequently used herbal drugs were Floradix® (iron‐rich herbs), ginseng and valerian. Use of such drugs was independently associated with high maternal age, normal weight and 14–15 years of education. Risk factors for valerian differed from those for other herbal drugs, for example with respect to maternal smoking and country of birth. Concomitant drug use was common and the most frequently used drugs were multivitamins, folic acid, cardiovascular drugs (mainly antihypertensive drugs), non‐steroid anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), analgesics and psycholeptics. None of the infant characteristics studied were influenced significantly by the mother's use of the examined herbal drugs during early pregnancy.ConclusionsThe most commonly reported herbal drugs used during pregnancy were Floradix® (iron‐rich herbs), ginseng and valerian. No signs of unfavourable effect on pregnancy outcome were seen. The number of exposures, however, was low and therefore effects on rare outcomes (e.g. specific malformations) cannot be excluded. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic optoelectronic device fabrication using standard UV photolithography
Authors: Lamprecht B. , Kraker E. , Weirum G. , Ditlbacher H. , Jakopic G. , Leising G. , Krenn J. R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe fabrication of organic optoelectronic devices requires patterning techniques that are compatible with organic semiconductor materials. Photolithography represents, by far, the dominant patterning approach for inorganic electronics and optoelectronics. High speed, parallel patterning capability, high resolution, and the availability of standard equipment make this technology also very attractive for applications in the field of organic semiconductor technology. In the present paper we present a successful implementation of photolithography to fabricate organic diodes. This process provides the basis for a future high‐resolution monolithic integration of organic optoelectronic and photonic devices into one photonic circuit. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observation of ferromagnetic ordering in Mn‐doped 8‐hydroxy‐quinoline aluminum
Authors: Baik Jeong Min , Lee Jong‐Lam , Shon Yoon , Kang Tae Won 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe ferromagnetic property of Mn‐doped 8‐hydroxy‐quinoline aluminum (Alq3), synthesized by thermal co‐evaporation of pure Mn metals and Alq3 powders, was investigated. The weak ferromagnetic property was observed in 5%‐doped Alq3, with saturation magnetization of around 0.05μB/Mn. The doped Mn chemically interacted with O atoms, producing a new gap state at 0.34 eV above the highest occupied molecular orbital and reducing the effective electron concentration. This led to the decrease of the electron affinity and increase of the optical bandgap, resulting in the reduction of the hole‐injection barrier in comparison with the electron‐injection barrier to the Alq3 layer. From these, the origin of the observed ferromagnetism is suggested. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Transport and egress of herpes simplex virus in neurons
Authors: Diefenbach Russell J. , Miranda‐Saksena Monica , Douglas Mark W. , Cunningham Anthony L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe mechanisms of axonal transport of the alphaherpesviruses, HSV and pseudorabies virus (PrV), in neuronal axons are of fundamental interest, particularly in comparison with other viruses, and offer potential sites for antiviral intervention or development of gene therapy vectors. These herpesviruses are transported rapidly along microtubules (MTs) in the retrograde direction from the axon terminus to the dorsal root ganglion and then anterogradely in the opposite direction. Retrograde transport follows fusion and deenvelopment of the viral capsid at the axonal membrane followed by loss of most of the tegument proteins and then binding of the capsid via one or more viral proteins (VPs) to the retrograde molecular motor dynein. The HSV capsid protein pUL35 has been shown to bind to the dynein light chain Tctex1 but is likely to be accompanied by additional dynein binding of an inner tegument protein. The mechanism of anterograde transport is much more controversial with different processes being claimed for PrV and HSV: separate transport of HSV capsid/tegument and glycoproteins versus PrV transport as an enveloped virion. The controversy has not been resolved despite application, in several laboratories, of confocal microscopy (CFM), real‐time fluorescence with viruses dual labelled on capsid and glycoprotein, electron microscopy in situ and immuno‐electron microscopy. Different processes for each virus seem counterintuitive although they are the most divergent in the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. Current hypotheses suggest that unenveloped HSV capsids complete assembly in the axonal growth cones and varicosities, whereas with PrV unenveloped capsids are only found travelling in a retrograde direction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developing a systemic textual analysis methodology based on the human activity system modelling language of soft systems methodology (SSM)
Authors: Hindle Giles A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe paper introduces a textual analysis methodology which utilizes a systemic concept and a modified version of the systems modelling language from soft systems methodology (SSM). For ease of reference, the methodology is referred to as the systemic textual analysis methodology (STAM). Following trends in hermeneutics and linguistics, STAM balances objective and subjective aspects of the process of textual analysis by using the notion of a ‘recoverable’ textual analysis. STAM can be used in a wide range of Management Science and qualitative research projects, but is presented in this paper in a form suitable for the analysis of texts which constitute formal descriptions of processes or methodologies. Such analysis supports critical evaluation of texts in terms of characteristics such as content, descriptive quality, logical structure, overall coherence and completeness. The basic tenet of STAM is that textual data can be represented as a set of activities, and therefore conceptualized as an activity system. STAM opetationalizes this approach in the form of a six‐step process. The paper includes a simplistic exemplification of STAM where it is used to analyze a short piece of text. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.