bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unique combination of anatomy and physiology in cells of the rat paralaminar thalamic nuclei adjacent to the medial geniculate body
Authors: Smith Philip H. , Bartlett Edward L. , Kowalkowski Anna 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe medial geniculate body (MGB) has three major subdivisions, ventral (MGV), dorsal (MGD), and medial (MGM). MGM is linked with paralaminar nuclei that are situated medial and ventral to MGV/MGD. Paralaminar nuclei have unique inputs and outputs compared with MGV and MGD and have been linked to circuitry underlying some important functional roles. We recorded intracellularly from cells in the paralaminar nuclei in vitro. We found that they possess an unusual combination of anatomical and physiological features compared with those reported for “standard” thalamic neurons seen in the MGV/MGD and elsewhere in the thalamus. Compared with MGV/MGD neurons, anatomically, 1) paralaminar cell dendrites can be long, branch sparingly, and encompass a much larger area; 2) their dendrites may be smooth but can have well defined spines; and 3) their axons can have collaterals that branch locally within the same or nearby paralaminar nuclei. When compared with MGV/MGD neurons, physiologically, 1) their spikes are larger in amplitude and can be shorter in duration; 2) their spikes can have dual afterhyperpolarizations with fast and slow components; and 3) they can have a reduction or complete absence of the low‐threshold, voltage‐sensitive calcium conductance that reduces or eliminates the voltage‐dependent burst response. We also recorded from cells in the parafascicular nucleus, a nucleus of the posterior intralaminar nuclear group, because they have unusual anatomical features that are similar to those of some of our paralaminar cells. As with the labeled paralaminar cells, parafascicular cells had physiological features distinguishing them from typical thalamic neurons. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:314–334, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topographical projection from the hippocampal formation to the amygdala: A combined anterograde and retrograde tracing study in the rat
Authors: Kishi Toshiro , Tsumori Toshiko , Yokota Shigefumi , Yasui Yukihiko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe hippocampal formation and amygdala are responsible for regulating emotion, learning, and behavior. The hippocampal projection to the amygdala has been demonstrated to originate in the subiculum and adjacent portion of field CA1 of the Ammon's horn (Sub/CA1) in the rat; however, the topographical organization of this pathway is still understudied. To make it clear, we performed anterograde and retrograde tracing with biotinylated dextran amine (BDA) and cholera toxin B subunit (CTb), respectively, in the rat. A series of BDA experiments revealed that the temporal‐to‐septal axis of origin determined a medial‐to‐lateral axis of termination in the amygdala. Briefly, the temporal region of the Sub/CA1 projects preferentially to the medial amygdaloid region including the medial, intercalated, and basomedial nuclei and the amygdalohippocampal transition area, and progressively more septal portions of the Sub/CA1 distribute their efferents in more lateral regions of the amygdala. Sub/CA1 fibers distributed in the central amygdaloid nucleus were relatively few. Retrograde tracing with CTb confirmed this topography and revealed little hippocampal innervation of the central nucleus of the amygdala. These observations suggest that distinct Sub/CA1 regions arranged along the longitudinal hippocampal axis may influence distinct modalities of the amygdala function. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:349–368, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell division and cleavage orientation in the developing retina are regulated by L‐DOPA
Authors: Tibber Marc S. , Whitmore Alan V. , Jeffery Glen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRecent studies have highlighted a potential link between the cleavage orientation of a dividing neuroblast and the regulation of daughter cell fate in the developing vertebrate retina. There is evidence to suggest that this process is at least partially regulated by the presence of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or RPE‐derived factors. In addition to a lack of melanin in the RPE, the albino retina is characterized by abnormal patterns of cell proliferation and cellular organization during development as well as cell‐type specific deficits in the adult. We examined mitotic spindle orientation in vivo in developing pigmented and albino rat retinae along with other parameters of cell division to determine whether RPE abnormalities in the albino influence these aspects of retinal development. In the albino, mitotic indices were elevated, an excess of cells remained in the cell cycle, dividing cells were not so tightly apposed to the ventricular margin, and an excessive proportion of divisions was vertically oriented (i.e., with the mitotic spindle aligned perpendicular to the plane of the neuroepithelium). Administration of L‐DOPA (a melanin precursor found at reduced concentrations in the hypopigmented eye) regulated the distribution of spindle orientations and reduced levels of mitosis in a manner consistent with an endogenous role in the control of these processes. These findings highlight the multiple roles that L‐DOPA plays in the regulation of retinal development and cast light on the diversity of anatomical abnormalities found in the albino visual system. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:369–381, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Organization of dye‐coupled cerebellar granule cells labeled from afferent vestibular and dorsal root fibers in the frogRana esculenta
Authors: Rácz Eva , Bácskai Timea , Halasi Gabor , Kovács Endre , Matesz Clara 
Published: March 2006

AbstractApplication of neurobiotin to the nerves of individual labyrinthine organs and dorsal root fibers of limb‐innervating segments of the frog resulted in labeling of granule cells in the cerebellum showing a significant overlap with a partial segregation in the related areas of termination. In different parts of the cerebellum, various combinations of different canal and otolith organ‐related granule cells have been discerned. The difference in the extension of territories of vertical canals vs. horizontal canals may reflect their different involvement in the vestibuloocular and vestibulospinal reflex. Dye‐coupled cells related to the lagenar and saccular neurons were localized in more rostral parts of the cerebellum, whereas cells of the utricle were represented only in its caudal half. This separation is supportive of the dual function of the lagena and the saccule. The territories of granule cells related to the cervical and lumbar segments of the spinal cord were almost completely separated along the rostrocaudal axis of cerebellum, whereas their territories were almost entirely overlapping in the mediolateral and ventrodorsal directions. The partial overlap of labyrinthine organ‐related and dorsal root fiber‐related granule cells are suggestive of a convergence of sensory modalities involved in the sense of balance. We propose that the afferent input of vestibular and proprioceptive fibers mediated by gap junctions to the cerebellar granule cells subserve one of the possible morphological correlates of a very rapid modification of the motor activity in the vestibulocerebellospinal neuronal circuit. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:382–394, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nano‐Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen or Protons Using Palladium Nanoparticles: Distinguishing Surface and Bulk Hydrogen
Authors: Batchelor‐McAuley Christopher , Banks Craig E. , Simm Andrew O. , Jones Timothy G. J. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe benefits of using nanoparticle‐modified electrodes are exemplified through the electrochemical detection of protons and/or hydrogen. It is shown that a palladium‐nanoparticle‐modified boron‐doped diamond allows voltammetric information relating to the relative roles played by the surface and the bulk metal to be obtained for the proton–hydrogen system at palladium surfaces which is not accessible using palladium macroelectrodes or microelectrodes.
Some new algebraic criteria for chaos synchronization of Chua's circuits by linear state error feedback control
Authors: Wu Xiaofeng , Cai Jianping , Zhao Yi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe research on the sufficient criterion for chaos synchronization of the master–slave Chua's circuits by linear state error feedback control has received much attention and some synchronization criteria for special control matrix were proposed. In this paper, the above synchronization issue is investigated in the situation of general linear state error feedback controller with propagation delay of control signals from the master Chua's circuit. First of all, a master–slave synchronization scheme for Chua's circuits with propagation delay is given and the relevant error system is derived. Using a quadratic Lyapunov function and frequency domain method, three new algebraic synchronization criteria for the synchronization scheme with general control matrix are proven. They are applied to derive the synchronization criteria for simple control matrices. Some examples are given to show the sharpness of these new criteria compared with the known criteria. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drug abuse in women with eating disorders
Authors: Herzog David B. , Franko Debra L. , Dorer David J. , Keel Pamela K. , Jackson Safia , Manzo Mary Pat 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective:Drug abuse in women with eating disorders has received relatively little attention. The frequency of drug use disorder (DUD) by specific drug type was examined in the current longitudinal study.Method:In a prospective study, women diagnosed with either anorexia nervosa (AN; n = 136) or bulimia nervosa (BN; n = 110), were interviewed and assessed for research diagnostic criteria (RDC) DUD every 6–12 months over 8.6 years.Results:Forty‐two (17%) women in the current longitudinal study had a lifetime history of DUD, with 19 prospective onsets over the course of the study (9 AN and 10 BN). The most commonly abused illicit drugs were amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana, and rates of DUD did not differ between intake diagnoses of AN and BN.Conclusion:Drug abuse in women with eating disorders is an area of clinical concern and should be monitored routinely throughout the treatment process. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006.
Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Characterizations of a Series of New Layered Lanthanide Carboxylate‐Phosphonates
Authors: Tang Si‐Fu , Song Jun‐Ling , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHydrothermal reactions of different lanthanide(III) salts with (H2O3PCH2)2NCH2COOH (H5L1) led to two new layeredlanthanide(III) carboxylate‐diphosphonates, namely La(H2L1)(H2O)2·H2O (1) and La(H2L1)(H2O) (2). The structure of compound 1 features a layered architecture in which the nine‐coordinate La3+ ions are bridged by phosphonate groups of the ligands. The carboxylate group of the phosphonate ligand remains protonated and is involved in the interlayer hydrogen bonding. Compound 2 features a double layer structure in which the La3+ ion is eight‐coordinated and the carboxylate group of the ligand is chelated to a La3+ ion in a bidentate fashion. Hydrothermal reactions of lanthanide(III) salts with 4‐HOOC–C6H4–CH2N(CH2PO3H2)2 (H5L2) afforded three new compounds, namely, La(H4L2)(H3L2)(H2O)·2H2O (3), Er(H3L2)(H4L2) (4), and Er(HL3)(H2L3)(H2O) (5) [H2L3 = H2O3PCH2N(CHO)(CH2–C6H4–COOH)]. H2L3 was formed by the in situ oxidation of one P–C bond of the H5L2 ligand. Compound 3 features a (002) lanthanum(III) phosphonate layer in which the seven‐coordinate La3+ ions are bridged by diphosphonate moieties of the ligands. The carboxylate group remains protonated and is involved in the interlayer hydrogen bonding. The structure of compound 4 contains a 1D chain along the a axis in which each pair of ErO6 octahedra is bridged by a pair of phosphonate groups. These 1D chains are further interconnected by hydrogen bonds between noncoordinated phosphonate oxygen atoms into a (002) layer with the phenyl carboxylate groups hanging on the interlayer space. The structure of compound 5 is also layered. The interconnection of Er3+ ions by bidentate and tetradentate bridging phosphonate groups resulted in a (002) inorganic layer with the organic groups orientated to the interlayer space. Luminescence properties of compounds 4 and 5 have also been studied.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Determination of Nanomolar Concentrations of Pb(II) Using Carbon Paste Electrode Modified with Zirconium Phosphated Amorphous Silica
Authors: Shams Esmaeil , Alibeygi Fatemeh , Torabi Roohollah 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA sensitive and selective method for the determination of Pb(II) with a zirconium phosphated silica gel (SiZrPH) modified carbon paste electrode has been developed. The measurements were carried out in three steps including an open circuit accumulation following by electrolysis of accumulated Pb(II) at the modified carbon paste electrode and differential pulse voltammetric determination. The analytical performance was evaluated with respect to the carbon paste composition, pH of solution at the accumulation step, pH and concentration of supporting electrolyte, electrolysis potential, accumulation time and electrolysis time. Two linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration ranges 2.5×10−9 mol L−1–5.0×10−8 mol L−1 and 5.0×10−8 mol L−1–5.0×10−6 mol L−1 with an accumulation time of 120 s. The detection limit was found to be 3.5×10−10 mol L−1. The effects of potential interfering ions were studied, and it was found that the proposed procedure is free from interferences of common interfering ions such as tin, thallium and etc. The developed method was applied to Pb(II) determination in a wastewater sample.
Analysis of fluid flow through micro‐fluidic devices using characteristic‐based‐split procedure
Authors: Celik Bayram , Edis Firat Oguz 
Published: March 2006

AbstractGas flow in micro‐electro‐mechanical systems can be considered as rarefied since the ratio of free molecular path length to the characteristic length of the device is high. It is possible to analyse these flows using a conventional Navier–Stokes solver with modified boundary conditions to account for temperature‐jump and slip‐velocity on solid walls. In this study, characteristic‐based‐split (CBS) algorithm is modified to account for slip‐velocity and temperature‐jump boundary conditions in order to perform compressible flow analysis for a micro sized geometry. The CBS algorithm is a split procedure which yields a unified solution method valid for both compressible and incompressible flows. To verify the modified CBS solver, straight micro channel and micro step duct geometries are selected as test cases. To reduce the size of the implicit part of the algorithm, pseudo‐quadratic velocity/linear pressure elements (pP2P1) are employed. The results obtained using CBS algorithm, are compared with other analytical and computational results available in the literature. It is shown that this implementation of the CBS algorithm is applicable and effective for micro gas flows. It is also shown that, increasing Knudsen number results in increased temperature‐jump and slip‐velocity. This effect, however, is limited, especially for high Mach number flows. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approximation of the heat transfer between domains separated by thin walls
Authors: Codina Ramon , Houzeaux Guillaume 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we analyse the numerical approximation of the heat transfer problem between two subdomains that we will consider filled with a fluid and separated by a thin solid wall. First of all, we state the problem in the whole domain with discontinuous physical properties. As an alternative and under certain assumptions on the separating walls, a classical Robin boundary condition between the fluid domains is obtained, thus eliminating the solid wall, and according to which the heat flux is proportional to the temperature difference between the two subdomains. Apart from discussing the relation between both approaches, we consider their numerical approximation, considering different alternatives for the first case, that is, the case in which temperatures are also computed in the solid wall. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two approaches to repetition suppression
Authors: Noppeney Uta , Penny Will. D. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractRepetition suppression refers to the phenomenon that prior processing of stimuli (or stimulus attributes) decreases activation elicited by processing subsequent stimuli with identical attributes. We present two complementary approaches to identify regions that show repetition suppression for subsequent sentences with either identical: (1) sentence forms or (2) speakers. The first categorical approach simply compares sentences that are presented in Same and Different blocks. The second factorial approach operationally defines repetition suppression as decreased activation for the subsequent Same stimulus relative to its preceding sentence. To account for nonspecific time confounds, this approach tests for a repetition × condition (Same or Different) interaction. Surprisingly, the two approaches revealed different results: Only the categorical analysis detected sentence repetition effects in multiple regions within a bilateral frontotemporal system that has previously been implicated in sentence processing. These discrepancies might be due to the different efficiencies with which the particular contrasts were estimated or spurious differences in stimuli or attentional set that could not be entirely controlled within a single subject. Finally, we combined the two approaches in a [global null] conjunction analysis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploring predictive and reproducible modeling with the single‐subject FIAC dataset
Authors: Chen Xu , Pereira Francisco , Lee Wayne , Strother Stephen , Mitchell Tom 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPredictive modeling of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has the potential to expand the amount of information extracted and to enhance our understanding of brain systems by predicting brain states, rather than emphasizing the standard spatial mapping. Based on the block datasets of Functional Imaging Analysis Contest (FIAC) Subject 3, we demonstrate the potential and pitfalls of predictive modeling in fMRI analysis by investigating the performance of five models (linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, linear support vector machine, Gaussian naive Bayes, and a variant) as a function of preprocessing steps and feature selection methods. We found that: (1) independent of the model, temporal detrending and feature selection assisted in building a more accurate predictive model; (2) the linear support vector machine and logistic regression often performed better than either of the Gaussian naive Bayes models in terms of the optimal prediction accuracy; and (3) the optimal prediction accuracy obtained in a feature space using principal components was typically lower than that obtained in a voxel space, given the same model and same preprocessing. We show that due to the existence of artifacts from different sources, high prediction accuracy alone does not guarantee that a classifier is learning a pattern of brain activity that might be usefully visualized, although cross‐validation methods do provide fairly unbiased estimates of true prediction accuracy. The trade‐off between the prediction accuracy and the reproducibility of the spatial pattern should be carefully considered in predictive modeling of fMRI. We suggest that unless the experimental goal is brain‐state classification of new scans on well‐defined spatial features, prediction alone should not be used as an optimization procedure in fMRI data analysis. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining hierarchical functional networks from auditory stimuli fMRI
Authors: Patel Rajan S. , Bowman F. DuBois , Rilling James K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe determined connectivity of the human brain using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) while subjects experienced auditory stimuli in a 2‐by‐2 factorial design. The two factors in this study were “speaker” (same or different speaker) and “sentence” (same or different sentences). Connectivity studies allow us to ask how spatially remote brain regions are neurophysiologically related given these stimuli. In the context of this study, we examined how the “speaker” effect and “sentence” effect influenced these relationships. We applied a Bayesian connectivity method that determines hierarchical functional networks of functionally connected brain regions. Hierarchy in these functional networks is determined by conditional probabilities of elevated activity. For example, a brain region that becomes active a superset of the time of another region is considered ascendant to that brain region in the hierarchical network. For each factor level, we found a baseline functional network connecting the primary auditory cortex (Brodmann's Area [BA] 41) with the BA 42 and BA 22 of the superior temporal gyrus (STG). We also found a baseline functional network that includes Wernicke's Area (BA 22 posterior), STG, and BA 44 for each factor level. However, we additionally observed a strong ascendant connection from BA 41 to the posterior cingulate (BA 30) and Broca's Area and a stronger connection from Wernicke's Area to STG and the posterior cingulate while passively listening to different sentences rather than the same sentence repeatedly. Finally, our results revealed no significant “speaker” effect or interaction between “speaker” and “sentence.” Hum. Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Applying FSL to the FIAC data: Model‐based and model‐free analysis of voice and sentence repetition priming
Authors: Beckmann Christian F. , Jenkinson Mark , Woolrich Mark W. , Behrens Timothy E.J. , Flitney David E. , Devlin Joseph T. , Smith Stephen M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article presents results obtained from applying various tools from FSL (FMRIB Software Library) to data from the repetition priming experiment used for the HBM'05 Functional Image Analysis Contest. We present analyses from the model‐based General Linear Model (GLM) tool (FEAT) and from the model‐free independent component analysis tool (MELODIC). We also discuss the application of tools for the correction of image distortions prior to the statistical analysis and the utility of recent advances in functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) time series modeling and inference such as the use of optimal constrained HRF basis function modeling and mixture modeling inference. The combination of hemodynamic response function (HRF) and mixture modeling, in particular, revealed that both sentence content and speaker voice priming effects occurred bilaterally along the length of the superior temporal sulcus (STS). These results suggest that both are processed in a single underlying system without any significant asymmetries for content vs. voice processing. Hum Brain Mapp, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.