bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis of foundation of Bir Hospital Trauma Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Ajay Raj , Adhikary Prakash Chandra 
Published: November 2008

The rapid incrase in population of Kathmandu metropolitan city in last two decades has demanded the construction of multistoried buildings. As the height of building increases, variation in moments and force along the height of the structure becomes vulnerable and is more pronounced when the structure rests in soft fluvio-lacustrine sediments like in the Kathmandu Valley. Similarly, the amplitude of vibration causes bending of rebars which can damage the foundation and ultimately the building, if proper care is not taken during the design phase. Therefore, this paper aims in calculating the amplitude of vibration at natural frequency, seismic interial force and its change for the height of the Bir Hospital Trauma Centre, Kathmandu. The elastic parameter, modulus of elasticity needed for analysis was estimated from a graphical method. Shear modulus was calculated using empirical ralation. Density of strate was estimated in the laboratory and load of the structure was referred from Indian Standard of design loads. The maximum amplitude of vibration calculated was 12 mm at 19.3 Hz whereas it was 1.5 mm at the natural frequency for all portions avoiding coupling effect. The variation in seismic horizontal force and moment was largest at the height of 9-15 m showing the possibility of failure at such height at the time of earthquake. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1420 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 55-62
Engineering hydrology of Kodku Khola Basin, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Maharjan Laxmi Devi , Dangol Vishnu 
Published: November 2008

Not only in rural areas but also in urban areas, vast number of people lack access to safe drinking water. The city of Lalitpur is in severe deficit of drinking water for its population. Hydrological study of the Kodkhu Khola Basin near the Lalitpur City was carried out in pre-feasibility level. Rainfall data were analysed to estimate future rainfall trend that would determine the rainfall intensity, frequency, maximum and minimum rainfalls. The discharge of the river was estimated by float method. About 70% of flow in the river occurred in monsoon from June to September. The mean yearly rainfall of ten years of record was 1238 mm in the Khumaltar Station and 1494 mm in the Godawari Station. The intensity of the maximum rainfall in a day of each of ten years fell in the heavy category and most of the years fell in the normal year category. Maximum rainfall of 100 year's recurrence interval will have magnitude of 1595 mm. The discharge ranged from 17.35 m3/s to 56.94 m3/s in the upstream reaches. The amount of rainfall and discharge is thought to be sufficient for maintaining the reservoir for drinking water supply in Lalitpur city and the Kodku Khola is appreciable for the drinking water source. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1426 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 107-116
A Combination of Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor and Stem Cell Factor Ameliorates Steroid- Associated Osteonecrosis in Rabbits
Authors: WU XINGHUO , YANG SHUHUA , DUAN DEYU , LIU XIANZHE , ZHANG YUKUN , WANG JING , YANG CAO , JIANG SONG 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveBone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSC) have been highlighted for the treatment of osteonecrosis (ON) before collapse of the femoral head. In our study, the potential of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor/stem cell factor (G-CSF/SCF)-mobilized BMSC to repair steroid-associated ON was assessed in rabbits.MethodsON was induced by low-dose lipopolysaccharide and subsequent pulsed high-dose methylprednisolone. Rabbits in the treated group were subjected to subcutaneous injections of GCSF at a dose of 100 μg/kg and SCF 25 μg/kg per day for 5 days; rabbits in the control group were given saline. Blood samples were collected and serum osteocalcin was detected by ELISA. Radiological analysis was performed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Then bilateral femora and humeri were harvested and processed to paraffin sections and hard-tissue sections for immunohistochemical, histologic, and histomorphometric analysis.ResultsThe mean number of leukocytes and relative numbers of mononuclear cells increased significantly after mobilization. All rabbits displayed a marked increase in osteocalcin protein expression in response to G-CSF/SCF. MRI scans showed a reactive interface between the necrotic and reparative zones after G-CSF/SCF administration. Quantitative analysis showed that new vessel formation was 3.3-fold greater and vessel density was 2.6-fold greater in the treatment group than the control group. The histologic and histomorphometric analysis revealed that the new bone volume was significantly higher in the G-SCF/SCF group than in the control group at 4 weeks.ConclusionG-CSF/SCF-induced mobilization of BMSC in the necrotic foci may represent a promising strategy for promoting functional bone repair of early-stage ON.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Blockade Leads to Decreased Peripheral T Cell Reactivity and Increased Dendritic Cell Number in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: PANG LIPING , WANG LISHA , SUO TALIN , HAO HUIQIN , FANG XIANFENG , JIA JUNYING , HUANG FENG , TANG JIE 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo study the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist (etanercept) treatment on the peripheral T cell reactivity of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 40 patients with AS at baseline, after 2 and 6 weeks of etanercept treatment or placebo treatment, and from healthy controls. The number of cells secreting various cytokines was detected by enzyme linked immunospot. Serum soluble interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor level was measured by ELISA. T cell proliferation was assayed with the WST-1 live cell-staining method. The myeloid dendritic cell (mDC) and regulatory T cell (Treg) levels were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting.ResultsAfter 2 and 6 weeks of etanercept treatment, the number of TNF-α-secreting monocytes decreased. Although the T cell proliferation rate remained stable, the number of T cells secreting IL-2 and interferon-γ under anti-CD3/anti-CD28 stimulation was significantly decreased. The level of serum soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R), a T cell activation marker, also declined. The changes in T cell reactivity were correlated with a significant increase in MHC Class II-positive mDC cells in circulation. An increase in Treg cell numbers was also observed.ConclusionThe anti-TNF-α therapy blockaded MHC Class II-positive mDC maturation, enhanced regulatory T cell levels, and suppressed the functions of effector T cells. The reduced T cell reactivity could contribute to the efficacy of the TNF-α antagonist therapy in patients with AS.
Antiphospholipid Antibody-Associated Chorea
Authors: ORZECHOWSKI NICOLE M. , WOLANSKYJ ALEXANDRA P. , AHLSKOG J. ERIC , KUMAR NEERAJ , MODER KEVIN G. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo describe the clinical features, treatment, and outcomes of patients with antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)-associated chorea.MethodsThe study cohort consisted of consecutive patients with chorea evaluated between 1990 and 2005 with documented aPL at time of their neurologic diagnosis.ResultsEighteen patients were identified, 4 with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The 14 non- SLE patients experienced 1.6 vascular thromboses/pregnancy losses per person, while patients with SLE experienced 0.5 events/person. Four non-SLE patients (29%) and no SLE patients met criteria for antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). None of these 4 tested positive for IgM anticardiolipin antibody (aCL). In contrast, 10 (71%) non-APS patients tested positive for IgM aCL. Chorea was most often bilateral, mild to moderate, and occurred once with a median age at onset of 44 and 33 years in non-SLE and SLE patients, respectively. Therapy included immunosuppression in 3 (21%) non-SLE patients and in all SLE patients. Antidopaminergic agents were used in 7 (39%). All patients responded to treatment. Five patients received anticoagulation for thrombosis and 2 died of bleeding complications, both non-SLE patients.ConclusionaPL-associated chorea occurs most often in women and severity is mild to moderate. Clinical expression of chorea does not differ between those with and without SLE. Anticoagulation should be reserved for thrombosis treatment and not simply for chorea in the presence of aPL, as 2 patients died of bleeding. The absence of IgM aCL in patients with APS supports prior evidence that IgG aCL and lupus anticoagulant may be the more clinically relevant antibodies for thrombosis. However, IgM aCL may be important in patients with chorea
The active pleasures of expression and communication
Authors: Lull James James 
Published: November 2008

Based on Lull’s recent book «Culture-on-Demand: Communication in a Crisis World» (2007) and on the author’s view of audiences as active participants in all forms of human communication, this article argues for the place of human expression and symbolic power in contemporary media and cultural studies. It also discusses how modern communication technology reinforces and extends the expressive potential of ordinary citizens in the normative contexts of everyday life. This contribution introduces the concept of cultural open sourcing as fundamental to the increasing democratization of communication processes and distribution of social power ona global scale.Adaptado a partir del más reciente libro de su autor, «Culture-on-demand: communication in a crisis world», y continuando con la visión que el autor tiene de la participación activa de los espectadores en todas las formas de comunicación humana, este artículo defiende el lugar de la expresión humana y del poder del símbolo en los medios de comunicación contemporáneos y en el mundo de la cultura. Discute cómo la moderna tecnología de la comunicación refuerza y extiende el potencial expresivo de los ciudadanos de a pie en los contextos normativos de la vida cotidiana e introduce el concepto de cultural «open sourcing», concepto fundamental para incrementar la democratización de los procesos de la comunicación y la distribución del poder social a escala global.
Books, screens and audiences: what is changing
Authors: García-Canclini Néstor 
Published: November 2008

How do new screens –like iPhone or mobile phone’s– interact with their technological ancestors, such as television, cinema or video? Recent research activities in many countries reveal that audiovisual circulation and consumption habits let us argue that new media are not substituting the older ones. In fact, audience diversification exists, industries merge and even a new relationship is established with literate culture. We still read but in many different ways, and new connections emerge among readers, spectators and internet users.¿Cómo interactúan las pantallas de anteriores transformaciones comunicacionales –las de salas de cine, las de televisión y vídeo– con las de celulares y iPhone? La investigación en muchos países sobre los cambios de circulación de productos audiovisuales y de hábitos de los consumidores no permite hablar de sustitución de unos medios por otros. Hay diversificación de las audiencias, reestructuración de la oferta por las fusiones empresariales y hasta una nueva relación con la cultura letrada: se sigue leyendo, pero de otras maneras, y surgen nuevas articulaciones y diferencias entre lectores, espectadores e internautas.
The formative relevance of screens
Authors: Huergo Jorge A. 
Published: November 2008

This article presents the limits of an education for reception, from a notion of training that allows an analysis of the formative character of screens. Television interpellations are analyzed as textual contexts, as well as the recognition and subjective identifications they create. Finally, some clues for a pedagogical intervention centred on the promotion of autonomous ways of reading and writing the world are briefly presented.
En el artículo se presenta, a partir de los límites de la educación para la recepción, una noción de formación que permite analizar el carácter formativo de las pantallas. Se analizan las interpelaciones televisivas en las pantallas como conjuntos textuales, así como los reconocimientos y las identificaciones subjetivas que suscitan. Finalmente, se exponen brevemente algunas claves para una intervención pedagógica centrada en la promoción de modos autónomos de leer y escribir el mundo.
TV channels social responsibility: self-regulation on TV contents during special protected schedule
Authors: Ruiz-San-Román José Antonio , Salguero-Montero Marta 
Published: November 2008

National TV channels in Spain signed a self-regulation code to protect rights of children on December 2004. This code developed a special protected schedule for children from 8.00 am to 9.00 am and 17.00 pm to 20.00 pm. This article studies this measure as a social responsibility action to protect children as stakeholders. We also offer the results of an analysis content made in four different periods that measures how often TV channels have ignored the code.
Las cadenas españolas de televisión firmaron, en diciembre de 2004, un código de autorregulación para proteger los derechos de la infancia. Este código estableció un horario de especial protección para con la infancia de 8 a 9 de la mañana y de 5 a 8 de la tarde. El artículo estudia esta medida como una acción de responsabilidad social para proteger, tanto a los niños como a los diferentes grupos de interés involucrados. Ofrecemos también los resultados de un análisis de contenido hecho en cuatro períodos diferentes para medir con cuánta frecuencia las cadenas de televisión han incumplido dicho código.
Oral-gestural, writing, audio, audiovisual and… digital? The five degrees of communication in education
Authors: Perceval-Verde José María , Tejedor-Calvo Santiago 
Published: November 2008

This article portrays an overview of the five degrees of comunication in education: oralgestural, writing, audio, audiovisual and digital. It highlights the changes introduced by the on-line scenario in the educational process, reflecting on the character of the student, the teacher and the relationship between them.En el marco del presente artículo se presenta un recorrido a través de cinco grados de la comunicación en educación: el oral-gestual, la escritura, el audio, el audiovisual y el digital. El texto destaca los cambios que el escenario on-line introduce en el proceso educativo reflexionando sobre la figura del estudiante, del docente y de las relaciones entre ambos.
The process of TV reception as contextual interaction
Authors: Marta-Lazo Carmen 
Published: November 2008

The process of reception cannot be equated to visualisation. Many factors are involved in the act of looking; the subject’s background, their level of communicative competence, code knowledge, modus operandi and different ways of interpreting and deepening in messages. Dynamics of interaction with the screen are varied, but to achieve a significant degree of autonomy and activity, direct involvement in the creative process will be necessary. Hence, it is of major importance to foster a responsible use of television and educate society in matters of communication. This is, beyond any doubt, the challenge that the present educative system has to face.
El proceso de recepción televisiva se circunscribe al mero acto de visionado. Son muchos los factores que afectan al ejercicio de mirar, entre otros el «background» con el que cuente el sujeto, su grado de competencia comunicativa, el conocimiento de códigos, modos de operar y maneras de interpretar y profundizar en los mensajes. Las dinámicas de interacción con la pantalla son muy diversas, pero para conseguir un grado de autonomía y actividad significativo, será necesaria la construcción de mensajes o la participación directa en el proceso creativo. En consecuencia, es importante despertar unos hábitos responsables de consumo televisivo y educar en materia de comunicación. Éste es, sin duda, el reto que se le plantea al sistema educativo actual.
Adolescents’ television viewing habits and its relation with values
Authors: Aierbe-Barandiaran Ana , Medrano-Samaniego Concepción 
Published: November 2008

The aim of this study was to analyze whether television viewing habits themselves contribute to defining the gender significance in a sample of 577 adolescents (270 boys and 307 girls) from the Basque Autonomous Region. Using responses to the CTV (Television Habits Questionnaire), the authors found several groups of people according to various indicators. Results indicate that television reproduces social gender stereotypes and may contribute to their perpetuation. Furthermore, the group most exposed to contents is the adolescent girls, in which an explicit lack of distinction between private and public life, and between more conventional and personal values can be found.En este trabajo se ha tratado de relacionar la dieta televisiva de los adolescentes, recogida a través de diferentes índices con sus valores personales y los valores percibidos en los programas de televisión que más les gustan. Con una muestra de 823 adolescentes del País Vasco, se han empleado instrumentos como un cuestionario de hábitos televisivos, para conocer su dieta y una escala de dominios de valores, para conocer sus valores personales y los valores percibidos en los programas de televisión que más les gustan. Los resultados indican que existen correlaciones entre algunos índices (permanencia, covisionado y preferencias por asistir a determinados programas) y algunos valores personales como poder, benevolencia y tradición. Estos datos, en la misma línea que otras investigaciones internacionales, no nos permiten concluir sobre una relación clara entre la dieta de los adolescentes y sus valores.
Co-educating the gaze against gender stereotypes in TV
Authors: Belmonte-Arocha Jorge , Guillamón-Carrasco Silvia 
Published: November 2008

TV serials analyzed in this paper show a representation of stereotyped gender. These cultural products, despite its apparent modernity, reproduce inequalities in the representation of the feminine and masculine through gender stereotypes which are sexist models for the construction of gender identity among its young viewers. Besides, a gender and co-education approach for an audiovisual alphabetization should be a good way against inequality.
Se analizan en este trabajo un conjunto de series de televisión que plantean una representación estereotípica de los géneros. Pese a su aparente modernidad, múltiples productos culturales-televisivos siguen siendo portadores de discursos que reproducen la desigualdad en la representación de lo femenino y lo masculino, a través de estereotipos de género que actúan como modelos de desigualdad para la construcción de identidad de sus jóvenes espectadores. Frente a ellas, una alfabetización audiovisual, desde un enfoque coeducativo, podría ser un buen instrumento contra la desigualdad.
Watching movies at home: an overview to family socialization
Authors: Loscertales-Abril Felicidad , Núñez-Domínguez Trinidad 
Published: November 2008

What does watching a movie mean? In the first place the spectator places itself facing to a constructed reality, a story and a plot. In addition s/he also sees the elements used by professionals to build such story. Watching movies is one of the ways in which people learn, reflect and acquire values. Due to the fact that movies offer a wide field to obtain human knowledge, our proposal is that watching movies in family and using the TV will enrich the personal relations, giving them consistency, and thus contributing to the socialization of child and the adolescents within the familiar group.
¿Qué significa ir al cine y ver una película? La persona observadora se sitúa ante la narración audiovisual que ofrece la gran pantalla viendo ante todo la vida construida, la historia, el argumento, y luego, en un segundo plano, los elementos con los que los profesionales elaboraron el relato narrado. De esta forma, se aprende, se reflexiona y se adquieren valores. El cine ofrece un amplio campo al conocimiento humano y por ello, las autores proponen en este trabajo el visionado de este arte audiovisual en familia, usando la TV, dado que de esta forma se enriquecerá las relaciones personales, adquiriendo mayor consistencia, y además contribuirá a la socialización de la infancia y la adolescencia dentro del grupo familiar.
Observations on the female internal reproductive organs of the brown howler monkey (Alouatta guariba clamitans)
Authors: Veras Mariana Matera , do Valle Marques Karina , Miglino Maria Angélica , Caldini Elia Garcia 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlouatta guariba clamitans(brown howler monkey) is an endemic primate from the southeastern Brazil tropical forests, classified as near threatened by the IUCN Red List 2007. The genusAlouattais one of the most difficult New World monkeys to breed and rear in captivity. In this study we examined the macroscopic and histological aspects of the female genital tract of wild brown howler monkeys to provide baseline information for future reproduction research. The anatomical relationship between the vagina, uterus, broad ligament, oviducts and ovaries are those of a typical primate reproductive tract. The fundic portion of the uterus is globoid, the cervix is well developed, which confers to the uterus an elongated shape, and the vagina is a long flattened channel. Histological analysis conducted in females in the follicular phase revealed large quantities of interstitial luteinized tissue in the ovaries, a stratified nonkeratinized vaginal epithelium, lack of glands in the vaginal mucosa and simple tubular endometrial glands. The observed anatomical features should be considered in the adaptation and application of assisted reproductive techniques aimed at improving captive reproduction for species conservation. Am. J. Primatol. 71:145–152, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proton/Hydrogen‐Transfer Coordinate of 2,5‐Dihydroxybenzoic Acid Investigated in a Supersonic Beam: Combined IR/UV Spectroscopy in the S0, S1, and D0 States
Authors: Fricke Holger , Bartl Kristina , Funk Andreas , Gerlach Andreas , Gerhards Markus 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAs a model system for intramolecular proton/hydrogen‐transfer coordinates, the structure of 2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid is investigated for the ground, first electronically excited and also the ionic state. Combined IR/UV spectroscopy in molecular‐beam experiments is applied and the experimental results are interpreted by the application of DFT and CASPT2 methods. No proton or hydrogen transfer is observed, but evidence is given for a hydrogen dislocation of the intramolecular hydrogen bond in the S1 state and to lesser extent in the D0 state. To obtain direct information on the proton/hydrogen‐transfer coordinate, IR spectra are recorded both in the region of the OH and especially the CO stretching vibrations by also applying two new variants of combined IR/UV spectroscopy for the S1 and D0 states. The CO groups are directly involved in the hydrogen bond and, in contrast to the hydrogen‐bonded OH groups, the CO stretching frequencies can be observed in all electronic states.