bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A SERO‐EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF LEPTOSPIRA INTERROGANS SEROVAR BALCANICA IN FOUR BRUSH‐TAILED POSSUM POPULATIONS IN VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA
Authors: Durfee Philip T , Presidente Paul JA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe microscopic agglutination (MA) test was utilised to study the prevalence of antibodies to Leptospira interrogans serovar hardjo in 4 populations of brush‐tailed possums (Trichosurus vulpecula). The overall antibody prevalence varied from 14% to 66%; however, the age distribution of MA test titres was remarkably similar in all 4 populations. Antibody prevalence was similar in both males and females and demonstrable antibodies wore limited to sexually mature animals. The greater prevalence of high titres (≥ 1:128) in the 18‐ to 24‐month age group suggested that primary infections were acquired at this age. The findings suggested that infection was maintained in possum populations by direct transmission, probably associated with breeding. Focal interstitial nephritis was observed in kidneys of possums greater than 18 months of age and was associated with MA titres to hardjo (P < 0.001). Serovar balcanica was isolated from possum kidneys from 2 of these populations, suggesting that balcanica infections were responsible for most of the hardjo titres. However, agglutinin‐absorption tests indicated that some possums may be infected with a leptospire more closely related to hardjo than to balcanica.
BIOPHYSICAL AND SEROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NEW ZEALAND BOVINE ENTEROVIRUSES
Authors: Durham PJK , Burgess GW 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFive previously reported New Zealand bovine enteroviruses are further characterised with regard to their biophysical and serological properties. Characteristics studied included heat stability, buoyant density, virus replication, plaque production and thin section electron microscopy. Serological tests indicated the isolates belonged to two different serogroups which showed only limited relationships with U.S. serotypes BES 1, 3 and 4. A correlation was noted between 2(α‐hydroxybenzyl) benzimidazole sensitivity, heat stability and the serogroup of the isolates.
GALACTOSE‐1 PHOSPHATE URIDYL TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY IN THE WESTERN GREY KANGAROO (MACROPUS FULIGINOSUS: MARSUPIALIA): A MODEL SYSTEM FOR GENE THERAPY STUDIES
Authors: Richardson BJ , Inglis B , Poole WE , Rolfe B 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe western grey kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) was found to be deficient for galactose‐1 phosphate uridyl transferase (GPUT). This species could be used therefore for studies of gene therapy techniques. An improved GPUT assay procedure was developed. It was found that phage particles injected intravenously remain in the blood of kangaroos until the particles are removed by the reticuloendothelial system or, if this system is overloaded, the particles are inactivated by the immune system four days later. No effective transgenosis was detected of the bacterial gal operon contained in the phage used.
THE BINDING OF URATE BY PLASMA PROTEINS
Authors: Bertolini Joseph , Masarei John RL 
Published: November 2007

SummaryProtein binding of urate may have some pertinence to the pathogenesis of goat. However, binding studies have been hampered by problems with in vitro methodology and by the problem of relating the results of in vitro studies to the physiological situation.In the present study urate binding was determined by an ultrafiltration procedure. All manipulations were performed anaerobically and at 37° in order to maintain the sample under physiological conditions.Normal urate bound was 15 ± 7·5% in males and 10 ± 6·67 in females. Urate binding did not correlate significantly with either the albomuin or total urate concentration. It is suggested that the interaction between protein and urate is influenced by a number of factors other than the concentrations of free urate and binding protein. Some possible ones are discussed.The techniques described might usefully be applied to a study of urate binding in various pathological states.
GEL ELECTROPHORESIS OF ROTAVIRUS RNA DERIVED FROM SIX DIFFERENT ANIMAL SPECIES
Authors: Smith M , Tzipori S 
Published: November 2007

SummaryRotavirus RNA prepared from calf, pig, mouse, deer, foal and dog‐adapted human isolates was compared using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Reproducible differences in the RNA migration patterns, were found between all isolates. There were 11 clearly resolved segments in the pig, mouse and foal samples. The calf rotavirus RNA and deer rotavirus RNA separated into 9 bands and 10 bands, respectively. The dogs‐adapted human virus migrated in 12 bands, and this probably mulls from the complex passage history of the original human rotavirus isolate.
ANTIBODY RESPONSES OF HUMAN LYMPHOCYTES IN VITRO. SPECIFICITY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PLAQUE‐FORMING CELL PRECURSORS
Authors: Finlay Graeme J , Booth Roger J , Marbrook John 
Published: November 2007

SummaryWhen human tonsillar lymphocytes are cultured with pokeweed mitogen they generate a large number of antibody‐secreting cells. A substantial number of the plaque‐forming cells generated have specificity for sheep erythrocytes but very few are specific for either bovine or horse erythrocytes. We have investigated the physical properties of sheep erythrocyte‐specific precursors and have found that they have characteristics of larger lymphocytes and are heterogeneous with respect to density. Our results support the concept that the percursors which can be induced by pokeweed mitogen to develop into plaque‐forming cells belong to a pie‐activated sub‐population of lymphocytes.
A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR MEASURING INTESTINAL ANTIBODIES AGAINST VIBRIO CHOLERAE IN MICE
Authors: Horsfall DJ , Rowley D 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAre‐evaluation was made of the efficiency with which some of the commonly used assays would detect intestinal antibodies are the baby mouse protection test and the radioimmunoassay. The reasons for the lack of sensitivity with other assay methods are discussed.
LYMPHOCYTE SENSITIZATION IN SHEEP INOCULATED WITH EXTRACTS OF SPONTANEOUSLY OCCURRING MALIGNANT LYMPHOMAS
Authors: Johnstone AC , Moriarty KM , Manktelow BW 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA macrophage migration inhibition lest showed that the blood lymphocytes of 15 of 27 sheep inoculated in utero or al birth with disrupted cells from ovine malignant lymphomas responded in culture to antigens derived from three other lymphomas. A close association was seen between animals whose lymphocytes were antigen‐sensitive and those which developed lymphocytosis. This association and the specificity of reaction between the various tumour antigens employed in the tests is interpreted as further evidence toward a viral aetiology in ovine malignant lymphoma.
A FREEZE‐THAW METHOD FOR CONCENTRATING PLASMA AND SERUM FOR TREATMENT OF HYPOGAMMAGLOBULINAEMIA
Authors: Thomas Keith W , Pemberton Doug H 
Published: November 2007

SummaryComponents of plasma or serum, including immunoglobulins, were concentrated two‐fold by freezing then collecting 40–50% of the initial volume during thawing. This concentrated plasma (or serum) was administered intravenously to treat hypogammaglobulinaemic foals and calves. An adaptation of this method suitable for field use is described.
A DIFFERENCE IN SURFACE PROTEINS OF FASCIOLA HEPATICA LARVAE FROM INTACT AND NUDE MICE
Authors: Howard Russell J , Chapman Colin B , Mitchell Graham F 
Published: November 2007

SummaryLarvae of the trematode, Fasciola hepatica, dissected from the livers of intact mice at 12 to 14 days of infection, bind anti‐immunoglobulins in vitro. This is not so for larvae harvested from the livers of infected hypothymic nude (nu/nu) mice. When attempts were made to confirm the presence of surface Ig using lactoperoxidase‐catalysed radioiodination and analysis by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteolysis at the time of solubilization markedly affected the profiles obtained. Provided protease inhibitors were present during processing, a μ‐like Ig heavy chain and a μ‐like Ig heavy chain could be demonstrated on larvae from nu/+ mice but not on larvae from nu/nu mice.
FOETAL AND NEONATAL ALBUMINS IN BOVINES: SOME BIOCHEMICAL AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Montiel Nola , Gallango ML , Arends T 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA study is presented of bovine foetal albumin, a serum protein present in newborns less than 15 days old. As a result of the biochemical and immunochemical analyses, and of the comparison carried out with human foetal albumin, it was concluded that: 1) They share certain characteristics, such as molecular weight, behaviour in the presence of reducing agents, and a great affinity for staining agents. 2) Bovine foetal albumin has a slower electrophoretic mobility than that of the corresponding adult albumin, this aspect differentiating it from human foetal albumin which is faster than human adult albumin.
AUGMENTATION OF E‐ROSETTE FORMATION BY LYMPHOCYTES OF CANCER PATIENTS STIMULATED IN VITRO WITH TUMOUR EXTRACTS
Authors: Maluish Annette E , Koppi Thelma A , Harper Jacqueline J , Halliday WJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe ability of tumour extracts to augment E‐rosette formation by cancer patients’ lymphocytes was demonstrated for colorectal carcinoma, breast carcinoma and melanoma. Positive augmentation reactions were obtained with 14 of 20 patients tested with extracts related to their own tumour types. Some lack of specificity was suggested by 5 positive reactions in the same patients tested with unrelated extracts. No false positives were found in normal subjects. The technique is simple, rapid and appears to depend on tumour‐associated antigens in the extracts. Simultaneous leucocyte adherence inhibition tests on split samples of blood had a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, confirming the potential reactivity of the leucocytes and extracts used.
STUDIES OF SURFACE MARKERS ON CANINE LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Kelly GE 
Published: November 2007

SummaryCanine lymphoid cell preparations from blood, lymph node, spleen, thoracic‐duct lymph and thymus were examined for the presence of such surface markers as surface immunoglobulin, thymic‐specific antigen, Fc receptor and E‐rosette formation with normal (E) and neuraminidase‐treated (EN) human red blood cells. E‐RFC and EN‐RFC were further isolated and tested for reactivity in mixed lymphocyte culture.
PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE INVOLVEMENT IN RAT HEPATIC DRUG METABOLISM: PYRIDINE NUCLEOTIDE KINETICS OF ANILINE PARAHYDROXYLATION
Authors: Penglis Stan , Gourlay Geoffrey K , Stock Beresford H 
Published: November 2007

SummaryApparent kinetic constants (NADPH) have been calculated for NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase and parahydroxylase in the presence of aniline with hepatic microsomes from both phenobarbital pre‐reated and untreated rats. The addition of NADH gave similar stimulation of both aniline parahydroxylation and NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase activity in the presence of aniline. It is proposed that the increase in aniline metabolism with NADH is due to an increase in the NADPH‐cytochrome P450 reductase activity which is rate limiting in microsomes from both phenobarbital and untreated rats.
LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATIONS IN LYMPH FROM BCG‐VACCINATED SHEEP INJECTED WITH TUBERCULIN PPD
Authors: Outteridge PM , Fahey KJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe subpopulations of lymphocytes in efferent popliteal lymph from BCG‐vaccinated sheep were studied during the delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response to tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD). There was an initial ‘shutdown’ or transitory decrease in cell output 12 h after the subcutaneous injection of PPD. During this time the output of lymphocytes with surface immunoglobulin (sIg+), Fc‐receptors and those forming rosettes with sheep erythrocytes in saline (E+) or in Ficoll (Efic+) were reduced, suggesting that all subpopulations were affected equally.The total cell output increased during the course of the blast cell response that followed the ‘shutdown’, but again the proportion of Efic+ cells remained relatively constant. In some sheep, The proportion of sIg+ cells and cells with receptors for complement (C′) increased to a peak 4 days after challenge, before returning to base levels. With most sheep, however, the numbers of sIg+ cells did not change greatly during the blast cell response.Lymph cells obtained during the DTH response were found to enhance the in vitro response of sensitized lymphocytes to PPD. In one sheep this ‘help’ progressively increased from 108 h until 324 h, the last sample taken. These experiments failed to detect the presence of suppressor cells in lymph that could play a role in regulating the blast cell response of lymph‐borne cells to PPD.
EFFECT OF HYPO‐ AND HYPERTONIC SALINE AND RAFFINOSE ON CELL CONTENT OF Na, Cl and K IN RESPIRING RAT KIDNEY CORTEX AT 37°
Authors: Györy AZ , Kweifio‐Okai G , NG Josephine 
Published: November 2007

SummaryChanges in cell Na, K and Cl content (per kg dry weight) and concentration (per kg intracellular water) were measured in respiring rat renal cortical slices incubated for 60 min at 37° in hypo‐ and hypertonic saline with and without the addition of a non‐electrolyte (raffinose). Both hypertonic saline and raffinose increased cellular concentration of Na, Cl and K, the former by producing minimal cell shrinkage and major entry of Na and Cl into the cell, the latter entirely by cell shrinkage leading also to a loss of Na content but not of K. In hypotonic saline both content and concentration of Na and Cl did not change significantly, whereas that for K dropped markedly. Addition of ouabain (1 mmol/l) produced a significant gain of cell Na and loss of K on a one to one basis but did not alter the effect of raffinose. It is concluded that sustained changes in cell ion concentrations and content in response to pericellular osmolality are produced and that these are directed towards equilibrating cellular activity of water to that of the surrounding medium.
NATURALLY OCCURRING INHIBITORS OF THE VENOM OF FUNNEL WEB SPIDERS (ATRAX SPECIES)
Authors: Atkinson RK 
Published: November 2007

SummaryIt has been shown that the blood plasma of rats and many other vertebrate species, but not man, contains a factor that inhibits the toxic actions of the venom of funnel web spiders (Atrax) on isolated toad voluntary muscle and rat lung preparations and also on anaesthetized whole rats. This factor was found to be effective against all obvious symptoms produced by the venom of both sexes of A. infensus and of the females of the other three common species of Atrax, particularly when administration of the factor to the test preparation preceded that of the venom.
THE ERYTHROCYTE INSULIN RECEPTOR
Authors: McElduff A , Eastman CJ 
Published: November 2007

SummaryA precise, reproducible radioreceptor assay has been developed for insulin receptors on human erythrocytes. The mean specific binding in 11 normal volunteers was 7.7% ± 1.6 (S.D.) per 2.25 × 109 erythrocytes. The intra and inter assay coefficients of variation are 4%. The erythrocyte insulin receptor is specific for insulin and recognises insulin analogues in proportion to their respective biological activities. The pH and temperature dependence, the negative cooperativity and the inverse relationship between specific binding and fasting plasma Insulin levels suggest it is similar to insulin receptors elsewhere. The erythrocyte insulin receptor offers a model for the study of insulin/insulin receptor interaction in man.
MURINE HYBRIDOMA‐DERIVED ANTIBODIES PRODUCING CIRCUMOVAL PRECIPITATION (COP) REACTIONS WITH EGGS OF SCHISTOSOMA JAPONICUM
Authors: Cruise Kathy M , Mitchell Graham F , Tapalés Fe P , Garcia Edito G , Sung‐Ru Huang 
Published: November 2007

SummaryOf 7 hybridomas which secrete immunoglobulins binding to crude extracts of Schistosoma japonicum adult worms and/or eggs in solid‐phase radioimmunoassays (RIAs), 3 gave positive precipitation reactions in the circumoval precipitin test (COPT). The COPT is a simple and inexpensive immunodiagnostic test for schistosomiasis japonica which involves the incubation of a selected batch of S. japonicum eggs with sera from patients and examination for precipitates one or more days later. Using a competitive RIA with an egg antigen extract and a labelled COPT‐positive hybridoma ascites fluid, PwF.41‐1‐3, the surprising observation was made that only one anti‐egg antibody specificity appeared to be represented in the series of 3 antibodies (as ascites fluids). Using sera as inhibitors in the competitive RIA, inhibitory activity (presumably antibodies to the target antigenic determinant of PwF.41‐1‐3) was readily detected in sera from egg‐immunized mice and was of relatively high titre in a strain of mouse (C57BL/6) which can be readily sensitized for large granuloma formation around entrapped eggs in the lungs. Negligible inhibitory activity was found in the sera from S. japonicum‐infected patients, even with sera from patients with prominent hepatosplenomegaly. The availability of COPT‐positive hybridoma antibodies should facilitate isolation of at least one S. japonicum egg antigen involved in COP reactions and perhaps induction of immunopathological immune responses at least in mice.
PREVALENCE OF FASCIOLA HEPATICA INFECTION IN NATIVE MAMMALS IN SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Spratt David M , Presidente Paul JA 
Published: November 2007

SummaryFasciola hepatica infection was found in 5 of 12 marsupial and 1 of 3 eutherian species examined in southeastern Australia. Prevalence ot infection in native mammals was as follows; Macropus gigantcus, 59%; M. rufogriseus banksianus, 15%; Wallabia bicolor, 5%; Vombatus ursinus, 30%; Trichosurus vulpecula, 5%; and Rattus fuscipes, 4%. Collection sites were assigned to one of two categories. Prevalence was higher in macropodids collected on agricultural pastures grazed by sheep and cattle (category A) than in macropodids collected in forested areas variably grazed by livestock (category B). A high prevalence of infection (82%) was recorded In M. giganteus in an area from which sheep and cattle had been excluded for 15 years. Prevalence of F. hepatica infection in V. ursinus was similar in be two habitat categories; however, within forested areas infection was more common in V. ursinus collected near swamps and creeks than those taken from drier ridges. The presence of habitat suitable for the snail intermediate host, Lymnaea tomentosa, and Utilization of this habitat by domestic and native mammals are important epidemiological factors. Moderate numbers of flukes (1–95) and faecal egg production (1‐195 eggs per gram of faeces(EPG)) in M. giganteus and M.r banksianus emphasize their suitability as hosts and contaminators of pasture. Small numbers of flukes and conspicuous hepatic lesions in V. ursinus suggest moderate resistance to infection. The low prevalence and small number of flukes in T. vulpccula was attributed to the arboreal habit of this host. R. fuscipes is susceptible to infection but infected individuals were found in only one of numerous forest areas with suitable snail habitual. Feeding behaviour is probably responsible for the absence of F. hepatica infection in W. bicolor and Rattus lutreolus in forested areas.
The role of the freshwater shrimpCaridina nilotica(Roux) in the diet of the major commercial fish species in Lake Victoria, Tanzania
Authors: Budeba Y. L. , Cowx I. G. 
Published: November 2007

The major commercial fish species of Lake Victoria at the present time are Lates niloticus, Oreochromis niloticus and Rastrineobola argentea. The contribution of Caridina nilotica in their diet was studied in the Tanzanian waters of Lake Victoria between March, 1999 and January, 2002. Stomach samples were collected during routine bottom trawl surveys in Tanzania. The results show that haplochromines dominate the diet of Nile perch, followed by C. nilotica, R. argentea, juvenile Nile perch, fish remains and other prey. Caridina nilotica predominance in diets decreased as size of the Nile perch increased, as this species switched to haplochromines. Larger perch also feed on their own juveniles. The importance of C. nilotica in the diet of L. niloticus was relatively greater in deeper water than that in shallower stations.The diet of O. niloticus was predominantly algae followed by C. nilotica, dagaa, Chaoborus, Odonata and others. O. niloticus has shifted its diet from strictly herbivory to a more omnivorous diet, feeding opportunistically on the most available food material.The overall diet of R. argentea was predominantly copepods, followed by Chaoborus, Cladocera, C. nilotica, Chironomids and insects. In the present food web, C. nilotica is an important food source for the fish stocks of Lake Victoria. The sustainability of the fisheries of Lake Victoria depends among other things on the abundance and availability of C. nilotica.
Reconstructing protein networks of epithelial differentiation from histological sections
Authors: Grabe Niels , Pommerencke Thora , Steinberg Thorsten , Dickhaus Hartmut , Tomakidi Pascal 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMotivation: For systems biology of complex stratified epithelia like human epidermis, it will be of particular importance to reconstruct the spatiotemporal gene and protein networks regulating keratinocyte differentiation and homeostasis.Results: Inside the epidermis, the differentiation state of individual keratinocytes is correlated with their respective distance from the connective tissue. We here present a novel method to profile this correlation for multiple epithelial protein biomarkers in the form of quantitative spatial profiles. Profiles were computed by applying image processing algorithms to histological sections stained with tri-color indirect immunofluorescence. From the quantitative spatial profiles, reflecting the spatiotemporal changes of protein expression during cellular differentiation, graphs of protein networks were reconstructed.Conclusion: Spatiotemporal networks can be used as a means for comparing and interpreting quantitative spatial protein expression profiles obtained from different tissue samples. In combination with automated microscopes, our new method supports the large-scale systems biological analysis of stratified epithelial tissues.Contact: niels.grabe@med.uni-heidelberg.de
Earthquake‐induced turbidites triggered by sea level oscillations in the Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene of Italy
Authors: Bice David M. , Montanari Alessandro , Rusciadelli Giovanni 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEarthquakes are widely recognized as triggers for turbidites, submarine debris flows and slumps. In tectonically active areas, surprisingly small changes in stress can trigger seismic events, implying that past sea level changes may be important in controlling the timing of seismicity and the occurrence of turbidites. We apply this idea in an analysis of turbidites from the upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Scaglia Rossa Formation of the Umbria‐Marches region of Italy. These turbidites are composed of resedimented foraminiferal tests derived from fluidizing deep‐water (∼1500 m), pelagic sediments; seismic triggering is the most likely triggering mechanism given this setting and composition. The timing of these turbidites (and associated synsedimentary slumps), constrained by biostratigraphy and magnetostratigraphy, reveals an unusual, non‐random temporal pattern that appears to correlate well with proposed eustatic fluctuations. This correlation between turbidites and eustatic fluctuations leads us to suggest that stress and pore fluid pressure changes associated with changing sea level may trigger periods of increased seismicity in the geological past.