bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of the morantel sustained-release bolus in grazing cattle in North America
Authors: Bliss D. H. , Newby T. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The efficacy of using a bolus containing morantel in a sustained-release preparation for controlling naturally acquired gastrointestinal parasitic infections in weaned calves and yearling cattle was investigated during the 1982 grazing season at selected sites in the United States and Canada. According to a common trial design under various climatic and management conditions, 10 field trials were conducted with the bolus. At the time of spring turnout, a bolus was administered to each calf or yearling in the treated group. Then, treated and control cattle grazed separate but equal areas of divided pasture(s). The epidemiologic pattern of parasitic gastroenteritis in control animals and the effect of treatment on this pattern was determined in each trial. Safety and practicality of use of the bolus also were established. When compared with untreated cattle (control), those given the bolus deposited significantly (P<0.05) fewer worm eggs (89% reduction) during the first 90 days of the grazing season, as well as significantly fewer (P<0.05) worm eggs (84% reduction) during the entire grazing season. Consequently, during the second half of the grazing season, larval populations on treated pastures remained significantly (P<0.05) lower (66% reduction), compared with numbers of larvae found on control pastures. For pastures grazed by treated and control cattle at trial initiation, mean worm counts recovered from tracer calves were equal, indicating comparable pasture contamination at the beginning of the grazing season. Subsequent worm counts from tracer calves indicated a significant (P<0.05) reduction (91%) in worm numbers for those grazing with the bolustreated cattle, compared with those grazing with untreated cattle, thus confirming a reduction in availability of infective larvae during the second half of the grazing season. Mean worm burdens acquired over the entire grazing season (as assessed by counts at necropsy in 5 or 6 cattle/group at trial termination) consequently were significantly (P<0.05) reduced (82%). The reduced level of infection (and therefore, pathogenicity) was reflected in the lack of increased plasma pepsinogen concentrations in control cattle and a significant (P<0.05) improvement (21%) in mean weight gain during the summer grazing season. We concluded that under selected North American conditions, a bolus of morantel (in sustained-release form) administered to young grazing cattle at the time of spring turnout effectively controlled parasitic gastroenteritis for the entire summer grazing season.
Factors influencing litter size in swine: Parity-one females
Authors: Clark L. Kirk , Leman Allen D. , Morris Roger 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The influence of age at conception, number of matings per conception, season of conception, and breed of female on parity-1 litter size was investigated in 4,944 females from 5 commercial swine herds located in North America. The influence of age at conception on reproductive performance of females in subsequent parities also was investigated. As the age at conception increased from 180 to 245 days, litter size increased 0.017 and 0.012 pig per day, respectively, (P<0.05) in 2 of the 3 herds that recorded such data. Age at conception did not influence litter size when conception occurred after 245 days of age. Longevity (parity achieved before death or culling) of females was not influenced by age at first conception. Gilts that conceived before 220 days of age had significantly shorter weaning-to-conception intervals in one herd and shorter farrowing-to-conception intervals in another herd throughout subsequent parities. In 1 of 3 herds that recorded such data, live and total litter size increased from 9.46 to 10.46 and 10.16 to 11.50, respectively (P<0.05), as number of matings increased from 1 to 3 per conception. No significant influence of number of matings per conception was observed in the other 2 herds. The effect of season of conception was variable among herds. In 2 herds, there was no significant effect of season of conception on subsequent litter size. In 2 herds, conception during December, January, February, and March was associated with a 0.5-pig reduction (P<0.05) in subsequent live litter size, whereas, in one herd, conception during June, July, August, and September was associated with a 0.5-pig reduction (P<0.05) in litter size. The 2 herds with Landrace × Large White F1 females were found to produce the largest mean live and total litter sizes (P<0.01) at first parity.
Age at conception, number of matings per conception, season of conception, and breed were associated with variation in parity-1 litter size, but the associations varied among herds. No evidence of interaction of the variables that influenced parity-1 litter size was found. The amount of variation in litter size, explained by a model using main effects of all these variables, was small (the maximum R2 in any herd was <0.025) but significant (P<0.05) in each herd.
Sensitivity and specificity of radioimmunoassay of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity for the diagnosis of canine exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Williams David A. , Batt Roger M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Concentrations of serum trypsin-like immunoreactivity (tli) measured by radioimmunoassay were low (<1.9 μg/L) in 25 dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi), compared with 100 clinically normal (control) dogs (5.2 to 34.0 μg/L; P<0.001; sensitivity, 100%). Serum tli concentrations (5.5 to 35.0 μg/L) in a group of 50 dogs with small intestinal disease (sid) were not significantly different from those of control dogs, values being greater than the lower limit of the control range in all cases (specificity, 100%). Results of bentiromide (N-benzoyl-L-tyrosyl-p-aminobenzoic acid [bt-paba]) tests and fecal proteolytic activity (determined by use of an azocasein substrate) were abnormal in 21 of 22 dogs with epi (sensitivity, 95%). Bentiromide test results were subnormal in 13 of 35 dogs with sid (specificity, 63%), whereas fecal proteolytic activity was subnormal in 7 of 34 dogs with sid (specificity, 79%). It was concluded that assay of serum tli is a highly sensitive and specific test for the identification of dogs with epi.
Gray-scale ultrasonography in the diagnosis of adrenal neoplasia in dogs: Six cases (1981-1986)
Authors: Poffenbarger Ellen M. , Feeney Daniel A. , Hayden David W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
In addition to survey abdominal radiography, 2-dimensional gray-scale ultrasonography was utilized as a non-invasive imaging mode in 6 dogs with adrenal neoplasia. Ultrasonography was a safe method of obtaining information about the organ of involvement, extra-adrenal extent of disease, vascular invasion or compression, and internal architecture of abdominal masses in the area of the adrenal gland. The data obtained ultrasonographically was determined to be useful in diagnosing adrenal neoplasia.
Ultrasonographic studies on the reproductive tract of mares after parturition: Effect of involution and uterine fluid on pregnancy rates in mares with normal and delayed first postpartum ovulatory cycles
Authors: McKinnon A. O. , Squires E. L. , Harrison L. A. , Blach E. L. , Shideler R. K. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
During breeding of mares, ultrasonographic detection of uterine fluid accumulations in the first postpartum ovulatory period was associated with significantly decreased pregnancy rates, when compared with rates in control mares (P<0.005). The previously gravid uterine horn was recognized as the larger horn, when assessed for size by ultrasonography, for a mean of 21 days (range, 15 to 25 days) after parturition. On the basis of similar measurements obtained during 3 ultrasonographic scans (5-day period), uterine involution was determined to be completed in a mean of 23 days (range, 13 to 29 days). Progestin treatment did not affect uterine size, fluid accumulation, or rate of involution after parturition. However, delaying the first postpartum ovulation with 8 days of progestin treatment significantly improved pregnancy rates (P<0.05). More (P<0.05) mares became pregnant (23 of 28, 82%) when ovulation occurred after day 15 in the first postpartum ovulatory period, compared with those mares that ovulated before day 15 (6 of 12, 50%). We concluded that ultrasonographic detection of uterine fluid and postpartum progestin treatment can be used to manipulate breeding strategies and to improve pregnancy rates in mares bred during the first postpartum ovulatory period.
Scintigraphic appearance of stress-induced trauma of the dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal bone in racing Thoroughbred horses: 121 cases (1978-1986)
Authors: Koblik Philip D. , Hornof William J. , Seeherman Howard J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Review of 121 bone scintigrams obtained on racing Thoroughbred horses with clinical histories indicative of forelimb lameness revealed 3 scintigraphic patterns of stress-induced trauma to the dorsal cortex of the third metacarpal bone: (1) focal, intense uptake associated with recent stress fracture; (2) regional uptake of varying intensity or a mixed pattern of uptake associated with chronic stress fracture; and (3) diffuse, mild to moderate uptake associated with periostitis (bucked shins). The latter scintigraphic pattern appeared to be an exaggerated manifestation of the normal remodeling process evident in immature horses (2 to 3 years old).
Scintigraphy was most helpful in identifying radiographically occult stress fractures, determining the extent of cortical involvement before surgical intervention in cases of chronic stress fractures, and monitoring the fracture healing process.
Heterotopic polyodontia in horses: Nine cases (1969-1986)
Authors: Fessler John F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Nine horses with heterotopic polyodontia, examined at Purdue University since 1969, were treated surgically and had a favorable outcome. Six of the horses had received prior medical or surgical treatment, but without success. An understanding of the congenital nature of the problem contributed to an accurate diagnosis in each case. General anesthesia, aseptic technique, removal of all aberrant tissue, and wound suture for primary healing appeared to be essential for preserving ear function and obtaining an effective treatment.
Functional suture-holding layer of the esophagus in the dog
Authors: Dallman Mark J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Several investigators have stated that the suture-holding layer of the esophagus is the mucosa. In this study, the component layers of the esophagus were separated. Segments of the cervical esophageal wall, muscularis, submucosa, and submucosa-mucosa were each sutured, and the suture lines were subjected to tensile forces. When subjected to tensile force, all suture lines failed when sutures pulled through the tissue. The data were subjected to statistical analysis. Based on this analysis, it was concluded that the full esophageal wall had the greatest ability, and the muscularis the least ability, to hold sutures against tension. Therefore, when no significant difference in suture-holding ability between the submucosa alone and the submucosa-mucosa together was demonstrated, it was concluded that the submucosa was the suture-holding layer of the esophagus.
Computed tomography in the diagnosis of canine hyperadrenocorticism not suppressible by dexamethasone
Authors: Voorhout G. , Stolp R. , Lubberink A. A. M. E. , van Waes P. E. G. M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Computed tomography (ct) was performed in 10 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism not suppressible by dexamethasone. In 6 of these dogs, a unilateral adrenal mass was found on ct images. Specimens of the masses were obtained via retroperitoneal laparotomy; histologic examination revealed 4 carcinomas, 1 adenoma, and 1 nodular hyperplasia. In the 4 other dogs, ct revealed symmetric bilateral adrenal gland enlargement. In 2 of these dogs, contrast-enhanced ct revealed a mass in the pituitary fossa, which could be identified at necropsy as a pituitary tumor. The other 2 dogs were successfully treated with mitotane.
Management of arytenoid chondropathy and failed laryngoplasty in horses: 75 cases (1979-1985)
Authors: Tulleners Eric P. , Harrison Ian W. , Raker Charles W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
By use of endoscopy 75 horses with respiratory noise and/or exercise intolerance were determined to have structural arytenoid cartilage abnormalities (60 primary, 11 after previous laryngeal surgery), or failed left laryngoplasty (4 horses) for laryngeal hemiplegia in which the arytenoid cartilage still appeared normal. Eighty-eight percent of the horses were either Thoroughbred (54 horses; 72%) or Standardbred (12 horses; 16%) racehorses; only 9 horses (12%) had occupations not related to racing. Seventy-six percent of the racehorses were 2 to 4 years old; all non-racehorses were greater than 4 years old. The male:female ratio was approximately 2:1.
Of the horses with cartilage abnormalities, 28 had left-sided involvement, 22 had right-sided involvement, and 21 had bilateral involvement. Sixty-two arytenoidectomies were performed, 58 for cartilage abnormalities (22 left, 19 right, 17 bilateral), and 4 for failed left laryngoplasties.
Overall, 45% of the Thoroughbred racehorses that returned to racing after arytenoidectomy raced successfully (50% left, 75% right, 22% bilateral); only 20% of the Standardbreds were able to race. Seventy-five percent of non-racehorses were able to return to their previous use. Many horses were retired intentionally after surgery.
Permanent tracheostomy in Equidae: 47 cases (1981-1986)
Authors: Shappell Kristie K. , Stick John A. , Derksen Frederik J. , Scott Edward A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Between 1981 and 1986, permanent tracheostomy was performed in 46 ponies and 1 adult Quarter Horse stallion. Permanent tracheostomies of 19 ponies and the horse were examined in June 1986 and evaluated for vertical length of stomal orifice (X̄ ∓SD = 25.0 ∓ 4.7 mm in the ponies and 55 mm in the horse), degree of tracheal obstruction (0/20), regrowth and apposition of epidermis (3/20 ), and whether or not stomal airflow occurred with nasal occlusion (20/20 ). In addition, the animals were evaluated to determine whether they developed dyspnea (0/20) during exercise, and the number of months since tracheal surgery and (X̄∓SD = 32.2 ∓ 17.2 months) was calculated.
Records of the other 27 ponies were evaluated. Six of the 27 were not dyspneic with exercise at their last routine physical examination. Twenty-one ponies had died or been euthanatized, but only 5 of these deaths were attributed to complications associated with the respiratory tract; 3 ponies had collapsing tracheas, and 2 had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The permanent tracheostomy technique described provided a functional and cosmetic airway and was associated with a low rate of complications.
Use of 99mTc diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid for assessment of renal function in dogs with suspected renal disease
Authors: Krawiec Donald R. , Twardock A. Robert , Badertscher Robert R. , Daniel Gregory B. , Dugan Steven J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The effectiveness of technetium 99m-labeled diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc dtpa) to assess renal function in 13 dogs with suspected renal disease was evaluated. Glomerular filtration rates (actual gfr) were determined on the basis of endogenous creatinine clearance. Predicted gfr were determined by using 99mTc dtpa within 72 hours after the determination of creatinine clearance. The percentage of an iv administered dose of 99mTc dtpa in the kidneys (percentage dose) was determined. Two equations were used to calculate predicted gfr, which were derived from previously reported linear regression analysis of inulin (In) and creatinine (Cr) gfr vs percentage dose 99mTc dtpa in dog kidneys. The correlations of actual gfr vs predicted gfr (In) and actual gfr vs predicted gfr (Cr) were both r = 0.92. The dogs’ mean actual gfr was 1.73 ± 1.35 ml/min/kg. Their mean predicted gfr (In) and predicted gfr (Cr) were 1.92 ± 1.42 ml/min/kg and 1.85 ± 1.27 ml/min/kg, respectively. Therefore, 99mTc dtpa can be used with high accuracy as an agent to predict gfr in dogs with suspected renal disease. The procedure for determining gfr by use of nuclear medicine was rapid and noninvasive and appeared to induce little stress in the animals evaluated.
Prognostic value of anion gap calculation in cattle with abomasal volvulus: 58 cases (1980-1985)
Authors: Garry F. B. , Hull B. L. , Rings D. M. , Kersting K. , Hoffsis G. F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Values for anion gap, serum chloride, and base excess were tabulated for 58 dairy cows with abomasal volvulus. Test values for survivors (n = 40) and nonsurvivors (n = 18) were compared. Surviving cattle were released for production or salvage. Nonsurviving cows died or were euthanatized. Accuracy of preoperative anion gap, serum chloride, and base excess values in predicting outcome was evaluated by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, predictive value, and negative predictive value of these at assigned cutoff values.
Anion gaps ≥30 mEq/L were indicative of a poor prognosis. At this value, the sensitivity (0.889), specificity (0.925), predictive value (0.842), negative predictive value (0.949), and efficiency (0.914) were higher than when serum chloride concentration ≤84 mEq/L or base excess value ≤0 were used to denote poor prognosis.
We concluded that preoperative anion gap calculation could reliably predict the outcome of cows with abomasal volvulus and was more accurate than either serum chloride concentration or base excess value.
Ultrasonographic features of splenic hemangiosarcoma in dogs: 18 cases (1980-1986)
Authors: Wrigley Robert H. , Park Richard D. , Konde Linda J. , Lebel Jack L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 18 dogs in which ultrasonography was useful in making a diagnosis of splenic hemangiosarcoma were reviewed. Splenic ultrasonography revealed masses with echo patterns that ranged from anechoic fluid to hyperechoic tissue. In 7 dogs, metastasis was detected ultrasonographically as anechoic to hypoechoic lesions in the liver.
Accidental self-inoculation with Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (Johne's bacterin) by veterinarians in Wisconsin
Authors: Patterson Christopher J. , LaVenture Martin , Hurley Sarah S. , Davis Jeffrey P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
We surveyed Wisconsin veterinarians to assess the frequency and severity of accidental self- and other human exposure to Mycobacterium paratuberculosis bacterin (Johne's bacterin). Of 199 veterinarians administering the bacterin to cattle, 22 reported one or more exposures, including 19 needle-stick exposures, 8 skin surface exposures, and 2 oral mucosa exposures. The mean incidence of needle sticks was 5.5/100 veterinarians/year of bacterin use or 1/1,000 doses administered. The mean total doses given in the needlestick exposure group was 276 ± 318 vs 80 ± 268 in the group without needle-stick exposure, and the mean number of months administering the bacterin was 21.7 and 16.1, respectively; 63% of needle-stick exposures took place during the injection process. Five adverse reactions were reported, and each resulted from needlestick exposure. The only systemic reaction followed an exposure to the original bacterin formulation of sonically ruptured M paratuberculosis in Freund incomplete adjuvant. The remaining reactions were to the current formulation of whole killed M paratuberculosis in mineral oil and ranged from a small nodule persisting for 4 to 6 months to painful inflammation of a finger persisting for 24 months. We anticipate an increase in incidence of these minimally debilitating injuries as the use and distribution of the bacterin expands. For hand wounds, we recommend conservative management. Surgical intervention should be considered if a granuloma persists and causes the patient functional difficulty.
Efficacy of lidocaine hydrochloride for laryngeal desensitization: A clinical comparison of techniques in the cat
Authors: Dyson Doris H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Assessment of laryngeal relaxation and ease of intubation in cats was made after preanesthetic medication with acepromazine/meperidine/atropine (im) and induction of anesthesia 20 minutes later by thiopental administration (iv). Healthy cats (n = 32) scheduled for elective surgery were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups to be provided with laryngeal desensitization: group 1, 2% lidocaine HCl (2 mg/kg of body weight) given iv 30 seconds before thiopental induction; group 2, 2% lidocaine HCl (2 mg/kg) topically applied to the larynx; group 3, 10% lidocaine HCl (10 mg) as a topical aerosol; and group 4, no treatment before intubation. A significant (P<0.05; anova) difference between groups in the reaction to intubation attempts was apparent. Cats receiving 2% lidocaine iv or no treatment for desensitization had a greater response to intubation than did those receiving 2% or 10% lidocaine topically. The number of attempts required to intubate cats was significantly (P<0.05) greater in cats with no treatment than in cats treated topically with 2% or 10% lidocaine. Response to iv administration of 2% lidocaine HCl was not significantly different from the response to other treatments, indicating little advantage over no laryngeal desensitization. It was concluded that topical application of 2% lidocaine (2 mg/kg) or 10% lidocaine aerosol 1½ minutes before intubation provides effective laryngeal de sensitization in the cat.
Estimation of the costs of mastitis, using National Animal Health Monitoring System and milk somatic cell count data
Authors: Lightner Jean K. , Miller Gay Y. , Hueston William D. , Dorn C. Richard 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Data collected by the National Animal Health Monitoring System in Ohio for a 12-month period during 1986 and 1987 were used to determine the relative magnitude of costs associated with mastitis in the following categories: milk production loss, veterinary services, drugs, producer labor, and “other” factors. The cost of milk loss associated with mastitis that was reported by producers cooperating in the National Animal Health Monitoring System program was compared with estimates based on bulk tank somatic cell counts and individual cow milk somatic cell counts. Using producer-reported estimates, milk loss accounted for about one third of the total cost associated with mastitis. When estimates of milk loss were replaced by estimates based on bulk tank somatic cell counts, milk loss accounted for over 80% of the total cost of mastitis. Estimates of the cost of milk loss based on studies relating milk yield to somatic cell counts differed considerably. Consequently, it was unclear how to best estimate the relative magnitude of the milk loss component of mastitis costs.
Prevalence of Giardia in the feces of pups
Authors: Hahn Nina E. , Glaser Carol A. , Hird David W. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fecal specimens were collected from 117 healthy pups (79 privately owned pups and 38 pups from an animal shelter) and analyzed for Giardia. Giardia cysts or trophozoites were found in 35.9% of the dog feces.