bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cover crop residue decomposition triggered soil oxygen depletion and promoted nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Lussich Facundo , Dhaliwal Jashanjeet Kaur , Faiia Anthony M. , Jagadamma Sindhu , Schaeffer Sean M. , Saha Debasish 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCover cropping is a promising strategy to improve soil health, but it may also trigger greenhouse gas emissions, especially nitrous oxide (N2O). Beyond nitrogen (N) availability, cover crop residue decomposition may accelerate heterotrophic respiration to limit soil O2 availability, hence promote N2O emissions from denitrification under sub-optimal water-filled pore space (WFPS) conditions that are typically not conducive to large N2O production. We conducted a 21-day incubation experiment to examine the effects of contrasting cover crop residue (grass vs legume) decomposition on soil O2 and biogeochemical changes to influence N2O and CO2 emissions from 15N labeled fertilized soils under 50% and 80% WFPS levels. Irrespective of cover crop type, mixing cover crop residue with N fertilizer resulted in high cumulative N2O emissions under both WFPS conditions. In the absence of cover crop residues, the N fertilizer effect of N2O was only realized under 80% WFPS, whereas it was comparable to the control under 50% WFPS. The N2O peaks under 50% WFPS coincided with soil O2 depletion and concomitant high CO2 emissions when cover crop residues were mixed with N fertilizer. While N fertilizer largely contributed to the total N2O emissions from the cover crop treatments, soil organic matter and/or cover crop residue derived N2O had a greater contribution under 50% than 80% WFPS. Our results underscore the importance of N2O emissions from cover crop-based fertilized systems under relatively lower WFPS via a mechanism of respiration-induced anoxia and highlight potential risks of underestimating N2O emissions under sole reliance on WFPS.
Alternations in the human skin, gut and vaginal microbiomes in perimenopausal or postmenopausal Vulvar lichen sclerosus
Authors: Ma Xiaolei , Wen Guangdong , Zhao Zheng , Lu Lulu , Li Tianying , Gao Na , Han Gangwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a chronic and progressive dermatologic condition that can cause physical dysfunction, disfigurement, and impaired quality of life. However, the etiology of VLS remains unknown. The vulvar skin, intestinal and vaginal microbiomes have been postulated to play important roles in the pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of this study was to compare the compositional characteristics of the vulvar skin, vagina, and gut microbiota between perimenopausal or postmenopausal VLS patients and healthy controls. The study involved six perimenopausal or postmenopausal VLS patients which were based on characteristic clinical manifestations and histologic confirmation and five healthy controls. The pruritus severity of each patient was evaluated using the NRS scale, and the dermatology-specific health-related quality of life was assessed using the Skindex-16. Metagenomic sequencing was performed, and the results were analyzed for alpha and beta diversity. LEfSe analysis were used to investigate the microbial alterations in vulvar skin, gut and vagina. KEGG databases were used to analyze differences in functional abundance. The study found significant differences in alpha diversity between the two groups in stool and vaginal samples (P < 0.05). Patients with VLS had a higher abundance ofEnterobacter cloacae,Flavobacterium_branchiophilum,Mediterranea_sp._An20, Parabacteroides_johnsoniiandStreptococcus_bovimastitidison the vulvar skin, whileCorynebacterium_sp._zg-913was less abundant compared to the control group. The relative abundance ofSphingomonas_sp._SCN_67_18,Sphingobium_sp._Ant17,andPontibacter_sp_BT213was significantly higher in the gut samples of patients with VLS.Paenibacillus_popilliae,Gemella_asaccharolytica, andCoriobacteriales_bacterium_DNF00809compared to the control group. Additionally, the vaginal samples of patients with VLS exhibited a significantly lower relative abundance ofBacteroidales_bacterium_43_8,Bacteroides_sp._CAG:20,Blautia_sp._AM28-10, Fibrobacter_sp._UWB16,Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_AM25-39, Holdemania_filiformis, Lachnospiraceae_bacterium_GAM79, andTolumonas_sp. Additionally, thebutyrate-producing bacterium SS3/4showed a significant difference compared to the controls. The study found a negative relationship betweenSphingobium_sp._Ant17in stool and Skindex-16 (P < 0.05), whileMediterranea_sp._An20had a positive correlation with Skindex-16 (P < 0.05) in the skin. Additionally, our functional analysis revealed alterations in Aminoacyl_tRNA_biosynthesis, Glutathione_metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway, and Alanine__aspartate_and_glutamate_metabolism in the VLS patient group. The study suggests that perimenopausal or postmenopausal patients with VLS have a modified microbiome in the vulvar skin, gut, and vagina. This modification is linked to abnormal energy metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and abnormal amino acid metabolism.
Hypoxia treatment and resistance training alters microRNA profiling in rats skeletal muscle
Authors: Mei Tao , Hu Yang , Zhang Ying , Li Yanchun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroRNAs (miRNAs) may play a crucial regulatory role in the process of muscle atrophy induced by high-altitude hypoxia and its amelioration through resistance training. However, research in this aspect is still lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to employ miRNA microarray analysis to investigate the expression profile of miRNAs in skeletal muscle from an animal model of hypoxia-induced muscle atrophy and resistance training aimed at mitigating muscle atrophy. The study utilized a simulated hypoxic environment (oxygen concentration at 11.2%) to induce muscle atrophy and established a rat model of resistance training using ladder climbing, with a total intervention period of 4 weeks. The miRNA expression profile revealed 9 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by hypoxia (e.g., miR-341, miR-32-5p, miR-465-5p) and 14 differentially expressed miRNAs influenced by resistance training under hypoxic conditions (e.g., miR-338-5p, miR-203a-3p, miR-92b-3p) (∣log2(FC)∣ ≥ 1.5, p < 0.05). The differentially expressed miRNAs were found to target genes involved in muscle protein synthesis and degradation (such as Utrn, mdm2, eIF4E), biological processes (such as negative regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter, regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent), and signaling pathways (such as Wnt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway, ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis, mTOR signaling pathway). This study provides a foundation for understanding and further exploring the molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxia-induced rats muscle atrophy and the mitigation of atrophy through resistance training.
High sensitivity methods for automated rib fracture detection in pediatric radiographs
Authors: Burkow Jonathan , Holste Gregory , Otjen Jeffrey , Perez Francisco , Junewick Joseph , Zbojniewicz Andy , Romberg Erin , Menashe Sarah , Frost Jamie , Alessio Adam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRib fractures are highly predictive of non-accidental trauma in children under 3 years old. Rib fracture detection in pediatric radiographs is challenging because fractures can be obliquely oriented to the imaging detector, obfuscated by other structures, incomplete, and non-displaced. Prior studies have shown up to two-thirds of rib fractures may be missed during initial interpretation. In this paper, we implemented methods for improving the sensitivity (i.e. recall) performance for detecting and localizing rib fractures in pediatric chest radiographs to help augment performance of radiology interpretation. These methods adapted two convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, RetinaNet and YOLOv5, and our previously proposed decision scheme, “avalanche decision”, that dynamically reduces the acceptance threshold for proposed regions in each image. Additionally, we present contributions of using multiple image pre-processing and model ensembling techniques. Using a custom dataset of 1109 pediatric chest radiographs manually labeled by seven pediatric radiologists, we performed 10-fold cross-validation and reported detection performance using several metrics, including F2 score which summarizes precision and recall for high-sensitivity tasks. Our best performing model used three ensembled YOLOv5 models with varied input processing and an avalanche decision scheme, achieving an F2 score of 0.725 ± 0.012. Expert inter-reader performance yielded an F2 score of 0.732. Results demonstrate that our combination of sensitivity-driving methods provides object detector performance approaching the capabilities of expert human readers, suggesting that these methods may provide a viable approach to identify all rib fractures.
Spatial response of water level and quality shows more significant heterogeneity during dry seasons in large river-connected lakes
Authors: Yin Yingze , Xia Rui , Liu Xiaoyu , Chen Yan , Song Jinxi , Dou Jinghui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe spatial response mechanism of hydrology and water quality of large river-connected lakes is very complicated. In this study, we developed a spatial response analysis method that couples wavelet correlation analysis (WTC) with self-organizing maps (SOM), revealing the spatial response and variation of water level and water quality in Poyang Lake, China's largest river-connected lake, over the past decade. The results show that: (1) there was significant spatial heterogeneity in water level and quality during the dry seasons (2010–2018) compared to other hydrological stages. (2) We identified a more pronounced difference in response of water level and quality between northern and southern parts of Poyang Lake. As the distance increases from the northern lake outlet, the impact of rising water levels on water quality deterioration intensified during the dry seasons. (3) The complex spatial heterogeneity of water level and quality response in the dry seasons is primarily influenced by water level fluctuations from the northern region and the cumulative pollutant entering the lake from the south, which particularly leads to the reversal of the response in the central area of Poyang Lake. The results of this study can contribute to scientific decision-making regarding water environment zoning management in large river-connected lakes amidst complex environment conditions.
Single-shot readout of a superconducting qubit using a thermal detector
Authors: Gunyhó András M. , Kundu Suman , Ma Jian , Liu Wei , Niemelä Sakari , Catto Giacomo , Vadimov Vasilii , Vesterinen Visa , Singh Priyank , Chen Qiming , Möttönen Mikko 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMeasuring the state of a qubit is a key fundamental operation of a quantum computer. High-fidelity single-shot readout of superconducting qubits can be achieved using parametric amplifiers at millikelvin temperatures. However, scaling parametric amplifiers beyond hundreds of qubits is challenging due to practical size and power limitations. Nanobolometers can, in contrast, offer scalability, sensitivity and speed suitable for qubit readout. Here we show that a bolometer can provide single-shot qubit readout with a readout duration of 13.9 μs and a single-shot fidelity of 0.618. The fidelity is mainly limited by the energy relaxation time of the qubit (28 μs), and a fidelity of 0.927 is found after removing errors arising from this relaxation. In the future, higher-fidelity single-shot readout may be achieved through improvements in chip design and experimental setup, as well as a change in the bolometer absorber material to reduce the readout time to the level of hundreds of nanoseconds and below.
Foxp1 suppresses cortical angiogenesis and attenuates HIF-1alpha signaling to promote neural progenitor cell maintenance
Authors: Buth Jessie E , Dyevich Catherine E , Rubin Alexandra , Wang Chengbing , Gao Lei , Marks Tessa , Harrison Michael RM , Kong Jennifer H , Ross M Elizabeth , Novitch Bennett G , Pearson Caroline Alayne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeural progenitor cells within the cerebral cortex undergo a characteristic switch between symmetric self-renewing cell divisions early in development and asymmetric neurogenic divisions later. Yet, the mechanisms controlling this transition remain unclear. Previous work has shown that early but not late neural progenitor cells (NPCs) endogenously express the autism-linked transcription factor Foxp1, and both loss and gain of Foxp1 function can alter NPC activity and fate choices. Here, we show that premature loss of Foxp1 upregulates transcriptional programs regulating angiogenesis, glycolysis, and cellular responses to hypoxia. These changes coincide with a premature destabilization of HIF-1α, an elevation in HIF-1α target genes, including Vegfa in NPCs, and precocious vascular network development. In vitro experiments demonstrate that stabilization of HIF-1α in Foxp1-deficient NPCs rescues the premature differentiation phenotype and restores NPC maintenance. Our data indicate that the endogenous decline in Foxp1 expression activates the HIF-1α transcriptional program leading to changes in the tissue environment adjacent to NPCs, which, in turn, might alter their self-renewal and neurogenic capacities.
Effective oxygen activation on polyoxometalate-based hybrids for epoxidation of alkenes
Authors: Bai Xue , Zhu Maochun , Liu Yifei , Xing Min , Ji Xiaoying , Zhang Ange , Yang Yanli , Lu Ying , Liu Shuxia 
Published: April 2024

The synergistic effect of transition metal (TM) centers and POMs anions in the title compound promotes its catalytic performance in the oxidation of styrene with O2 as the oxidant.
Asymptotic performance of reconfigurable intelligent surface assisted MIMO communication for large systems using random matrix theory
Authors: Hu Feng , Zhang Hongliu , Chen ShuTing , Jin Libiao , Zhang Jinhao , Feng Yunfei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can provide unprecedented spectral efficiency gains and excellent ability to manipulate electromagnetic waves. This article considered a RIS‐assisted multiuser multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) downlink system, where the beamforming at the base station and RIS are jointly designed to maximize the sum‐rate. For the large dimension scenario and high‐rank beamforming matrix, the accurate deterministic approximations from random matrix theory are then utilized to simplify the RIS‐assisted MIMO systems. The asymptotical signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise ratio values obtained through random matrix theory is infinitely close to the theoretical limits calculated by accurately iteration. And the performance of the proposed algorithm computed via the sharing second‐order channel statistics matches that of the RIS algorithm with sharing full channel state information asymptotically. The deterministic approximations are instrumental to get improvement into the structure of the optimal beamforming and to reduce the implementation complexity in large‐scale MIMO system. Numerical simulations results are provided to evaluate and verify the accuracy of the asymptotic results obtained from the proposed algorithm in the finite system regime. With the complex operation process of large dimension matrix reducing to the deterministic approximations, a lower computational complexity can be obtained compared with other methods.
Intention inference‐based interacting multiple model estimator in photoelectric tracking
Authors: Sun Minxing , Liu Huabo , Duan Qianwen , Wang Junzhe , Mao Yao , Bao Qiliang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAiming to improve the estimation and prediction accuracy of a target's position, this paper proposes a state estimation method for photoelectric tracking systems, based on the evaluation of the tracked target's motion intention. Traditional photoelectric tracking systems utilize external physical quantities such as the position, velocity, and acceleration of the target as the estimated states. While this method can output good results for pre‐modelled target positions, it struggles to maintain the accuracy when facing manoeuvering targets or complex motion patterns targets. Here, the relevant parameters of the tracked target's motion intention are directly estimated innovatively, like estimating the circling point position rather than the circular flying target's position and velocity. This approach enables recognizing the target's motion intention and leads to precise estimation, which specifically consists of an interacting multiple model approach, multiple unscented Kalman estimators, and a robust estimator. The effectiveness and stability of this estimator are validated through software simulations and experiments on a dual‐reflection mirror platform.
Non-coplanar spin structure in a metallic thin film of triangular lattice antiferromagnet CrSe
Authors: Tajima Yusuke , Shiogai Junichi , Ueda Kohei , Suzaki Hirotake , Takaki Kensuke , Seki Takeshi , Kudo Kazutaka , Matsuno Jobu 
Published: April 2024

An antiferromagnetic metal with a two-dimensional triangular network offers a unique playground of intriguing magneto-transport properties and functionalities stemming from the interplay between conducting electrons and intricate magnetic phases. A NiAs-type CrSe is one of the candidates owing to alternate stackings of Cr and Se triangular atomic networks in its crystal structure. While the fabrication of CrSe thin films is indispensable to develop functional devices, studies on its thin-film properties have been limited to date due to the lack of metallic samples. Here, we report on the realization of metallic conductivities of CrSe thin films, which allows us to investigate their intrinsic magneto-transport properties. The metallic sample exhibits a co-occurrence of weak ferromagnetism with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and antiferromagnetic behavior, indicating the presence of non-coplanar spin structures. In addition, control of the polarity and tilting angle of the non-coplanar spin structure is accomplished by a sign of cooling magnetic fields. The observed non-coplanar spin structure, which can be a source of emergent magnetic field acting on the conducting electrons, highlights the high potential of the triangular lattice antiferromagnet and provides a unique platform for functional thin-film devices composed of NiAs-type derivative Cr chalcogenides and pnictides.
Linkage among the neutron-skin thickness of 208Pb and nuclear symmetry energy using heavy particle radioactivity
Authors: Kaur Manpreet , Patra S K , Raina P K 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The nuclear symmetry energy (NSE) is a linchpin in deciphering the behavior of matter in a wider domain extending from the characteristics of exotic nuclei to those of neutron stars in the cosmos. Therefore, it is crucial to utilize potential probes to constrain the NSE and its slope parameter L(ρ
0). In this work, we put forth the heavy particle radioactivity (HPR) as a probable bridge among the slope of NSE (L(ρ
0)) and neutron-skin thickness of 208Pb (R
skin
208), which serves to put constrain on the L(ρ
0) value. The NSE and its slope parameter are determined from the single nucleon potential of asymmetric nuclear matter exploiting the analytical relationship between these quantities. The isovector/symmetry potential component of the single nucleon potential is derived through HPR for varying R
skin
208 by employing the heavy particle/cluster densities and core densities from the relativistic mean field model in conjunction with M3Y nucleon–nucleon interaction. It facilitates in constraining the L(ρ
0) value and neutron skin of finite nuclei using HPR as a linkage, where heavy cluster and core densities of standard Fermi form are considered. The constrained value of L(ρ

o
) is 45 ± 8 MeV, which aligns with other estimations derived from nuclear mass measurements, dipole polarizability measurements, and astrophysical data.
A non-invasive approach to skin cancer diagnosis via graphene electrical tattoos and electrical impedance tomography
Authors: Lee Hannah , Johnson Zane , Denton Spencer , Liu Ning , Akinwande Deji , Porter Emily , Kireev Dmitry 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. Making up one of the largest shares of diagnosed cancers worldwide, skin cancer is also one of the most treatable. However, this is contingent upon early diagnosis and correct skin cancer-type differentiation. Currently, methods for early detection that are accurate, rapid, and non-invasive are limited. However, literature demonstrating the impedance differences between benign and malignant skin cancers, as well as between different types of skin cancer, show that methods based on impedance differentiation may be promising. Approach. In this work, we propose a novel approach to rapid and non-invasive skin cancer diagnosis that leverages the technologies of difference-based electrical impedance tomography (EIT) and graphene electronic tattoos (GETs). Main results. We demonstrate the feasibility of this first-of-its-kind system using both computational numerical and experimental skin phantom models. We considered variations in skin cancer lesion impedance, size, shape, and position relative to the electrodes and evaluated the impact of using individual and multi-electrode GET (mGET) arrays. The results demonstrate that this approach has the potential to differentiate based on lesion impedance, size, and position, but additional techniques are needed to determine shape. Significance. In this way, the system proposed in this work, which combines both EIT and GET technology, exhibits potential as an entirely non-invasive and rapid approach to skin cancer diagnosis.
Patient-independent, MHD-robust R-peak detection for retrospective gating in cardiac MRI imaging
Authors: Ganassin Sara , Galli Alessandra , Ouzounov Sotir , Narduzzi Claudio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective. In cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, synchronization of image acquisition with heart motion (called gating) is performed by detecting R-peaks in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Effective gating is challenging with 3T and 7T scanners, due to severe distortion of ECG signals caused by magnetohydrodynamic effects associated with intense magnetic fields. This work proposes an efficient retrospective gating strategy that requires no prior training outside the scanner and investigates the optimal number of leads in the ECG acquisition set. Approach. The proposed method was developed on a data set of 12-lead ECG signals acquired within 3T and 7T scanners. Independent component analysis is employed to effectively separate components related with cardiac activity from those associated to noise. Subsequently, an automatic selection process identifies the components best suited for accurate R-peak detection, based on heart rate estimation metrics and frequency content quality indexes. Main results. The proposed method is robust to different B0 field strengths, as evidenced by R-peak detection errors of 2.4 ± 3.1 ms and 10.6 ± 15.4 ms for data acquired with 3T and 7T scanners, respectively. Its effectiveness was verified with various subject orientations, showcasing applicability in diverse clinical scenarios. The work reveals that ECG leads can be limited in number to three, or at most five for 7T field strengths, without significant degradation in R-peak detection accuracy. Significance. The approach requires no preliminary ECG acquisition for R-peak detector training, reducing overall examination time. The gating process is designed to be adaptable, completely blind and independent of patient characteristics, allowing wide and rapid deployment in clinical practice. The potential to employ a significantly limited set of leads enhances patient comfort.