bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of the Sorption of Metal Ions by Cotton Cloth
Authors: Koga Reiko , Shinozaki Yoshiharu , Meshitsuka Gisuke , Titani Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The uptakes of the metal ions, Co2+, Ca2+ and Cs+, by cotton cloth have been determined by using the tracer technique. In the acidic and the neutral media, the isotherms were the Langmuir type, and the cation exchange mechanism of the special groups (probably the carboxyl group) has been confirmed. The heat and the activation energy for the sorption of Co2+ were −2 kcal./mol. and 7.6 kcal./mol. respectively (at pH ca. 4.7). In the alkaline media, the cotton cloth showed marked uptakes. The order of the affinity of various metal ions to cotton cloth was also determined as follows:
Cu2+&gt;Zn2+&gt;Co2+&gt;Ca2+&gt;Sr2+&gt;
Cs+, K+&gt;Na+
The order is useful for the purpose of decontamination.
Studies of the Organic Reactions of Metal Carbonyl. IV. The Acceleration Effect of the Addition of Organic Compounds on the Reaction of Olefin Oxide with Cobalt Hydrocarbonyl and on the Hydroformylation of Olefin Oxide
Authors: Takegami Yoshinobu , Yokokawa Chikao , Watanabe Yoshihisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been observed that organic compounds with various kinds of functional groups have an accelerating effect on the reaction of olefin oxide with cobalt hydrocarbonyl and on the hydroformylation of olefin oxide.
1) The addition of a relatively small amount of ethyl alcohol promotes the carbonylation of propylene oxide with cobalt hydrocarbonyl until it is about 120 times faster than that of the standard run, carried out without alcohol. The amount of the alcohol necessary for this effect is about 2.0 mol./mol. HCo(CO)4. As the reaction products, only compounds with a β-hydroxy-n-butyryl structure (ester and aldehyde) have been obtained.
2) The compounds other than ethyl alcohol, such as n- and t-butyl alcohol, ethylene chlorohydrin, acetone, tetrahydrofuran, ether, acetal, benzaldehyde, ethyl acetate and acetonitrile, also have the same effect on this reaction. Among these compounds, ethyl and butyl alcohols have the largest effect. On the other hand, phenol has no effect. The accelerating effect is considered to be due to the basicity of these compounds.
3) The reactions of styrene oxide and epichlorohydrin with cobalt hydrocarbonyl are also promoted by the addition of ethyl alcohol.A relatively small amount of the alcohol accelerates selectively, the carbonylation of styrene oxide which is comparatively readily hydrogenated with cobalt hydrocarbonyl.2) For epichlorohydrin, the following relationship was observed to exist at an early stage of the reaction: rate of the gas absorption=k[epichlorohydrin] [ethyl alcohol].
4) The hydroformylation of ethylene oxide seems to be selectively promoted by the addition of ethyl alcohol, which gives β-hydroxypropionaldehyde, in a low yield.
Pyrolysis of Fluorinated Organic Compounds. I. The Pyrolysis of 1, 2-Dibromo-1-chloro-1, 2, 2-trifluoroethane and Some Related Halogenated Ethane Derivatives
Authors: Park J D , Lamb R W , Lacher J R 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The synthesis of various halogenated ethane derivatives was performed by the pyrolysis of CF2Br-CFClBr and other similar compound. The reactions were carried out in a platinumlined tube at temperatures ranging from 350°C to 600°C alone and in the presence of nitric oxide or bromine. Various products were isolated and identified. A mechanism is postulated for the reaction.
The Synthesis of Lactones from ω-Chlorocarboxylic Acids
Authors: Saotome Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The kinetics of the hydrolysis of δ-chlorovaleric and of ω-chloroheptanoic acids in an aqueous solution of their sodium salts has been studied. The reason for the difference between the activation entropies has been discussed.
2) The methods for the preparation of δ-valerolactone from δ-chlorovaleric acid have been established.
3) By the thermal decomposition of the polyester from ω-hydroxyheptanoic acid, the dimeric lactone of the acid has been prepared, and the formation of the monomeric lactone has also been ascertained.
Selective Reduction of Phosphatides with Lithium Aluminum Hydride. II. Reductive Cleavage of the Glycerylphosphorylcholine Linkage
Authors: Kameyama Haru , Urakami Chieko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reduction of egg yolk lecithins with lithum aluminium hydride under the following reaction conditions resulted in release of choline in about 50% based on the total water-soluble phosphorus; mole ratios of lecithin: lithium aluminium hydride of 1 : 10 or 1 : 15 at 10–15°C for 60–120min. were used. Unexpectedly, the reaction did not give any glycerylphos-phoric acid. Instead, the analytical results indicated that a phosphorus-oxygen fission of the cholin-phosphate linkage is accompanied by reduction of the phosphate moiety.
Phosphorylation of Alcohols by the Use of Benzyldiethyl Phosphite and Monobromocyanoacetamide or N-Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Obata Teisuke , Mitsunobu Oyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The phosphorylation of alcohols with benzyldiethyl phosphite and monobromocyanoacetamide has been investigated. By this method, the corresponding alkyldiethyl phosphates were obtained in fairly good yields along with benzyl bromide and cyanoacetamide. Similarly, it has been established that N-bromosuccinimide can be successfully used in the place of monobromocyanoacetamide in the above phosphorylation.
p-Nitrobenzene Azochromotropic Acid (Chromotrope 2B) as a Colorimetric Reagent for Thorium
Authors: Sangal Satendra P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method for the colorimetric determination of thorium with Chromotrope 2 B has been described. The composition of the coloured chelate (λmax 550 mμ) is Th(Ke)2. The system adheres to Beer’s law from 074 p.p.m. to 16.6 p.p.m. of thorium between pH 3.0 and 6.5 at all temperatures from 5 to 95°C. The sensitivities are 0.232 γ/cm2 (Sandell) and 2.32 γ/cm2(practical) based on an absorbance of 0.01 unit at 580 mμ. The interference of some cations and anions has also been reported.
Magnetic Properties of Bi- and Uni-Nuclear Chromium(III) Complex Compounds at Low Temperatures
Authors: Kobayashi Hanako , Haseda Taiichiro , Mori Masayasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The experimental study of the magnetic properties of bi- and uni-nuclear chromium(III) complex compounds in the low temperature
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
region has given the results summarized in Tables III and IV. As has been mentioned above, the results listed in Table III show the tendency expected from the superexchange interaction theories.
A Study of the Growth of Particles in Silica Sol and Hydrogel as a Factor Determining the Final Structure of Silica Gel
Authors: Otouma Hiroshi , Ukihashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The growth of particles in the polymerization of silicic acid has been investigated by means of light scattering. The following results were obtained:
1) Polymerization does occur for a long period, even after gelation.
2) While the aggregation is predominant near the gelation point, it seems to occur to a lesser extent even in the initial stage. The aggregate finally grows to as much as 800Å in diameter. It is of a porous and sponge like structure, including the solvent in it.
3) Hydrogel must be understood as an entity built up of secondary particles which also consist of primary ones. Consequently, hydrogel has prime structure and a substructure, by the former three-dimensional linkages among secondary particles are meant, while by the latter are meant those among primary particles.
4) There is a linear relationship between the scattering intensity of the hydrogel and the surface area of dried gel.
The Mössbauer Spectra of Several Inorganic Iron Salts
Authors: Takashima Yoshimasa , Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Mössbauer spectra of a variety of asyet-unexplored iron compounds have been investigated by using 14.4 keV. gamma rays from 57Fe. The isomer shifts and the quadrupole splitting extracted from the spectra have been discussed in terms of the electronegativity of the atoms connected to the iron atom. The correlation of these values with the bond character and the chemical structure has also been discussed qualitatively. The results obtained for a series of glassy substances of iron phosphate suggest that the Mössbauer spectra may permit us to study the chemical structure of iron compounds in an amorphous substance.
Mössbauer Spectra of Various Organic Iron Chelates
Authors: Takashima Yoshimasa , Tateishi Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Continuing our previous studies of the Mössbauer spectra of inorganic iron compounds, we have found some characteristic features of the spectra of some organic iron compounds. There is a general tendency, in a series of related compounds, for the isomer shift and the quadrupole splitting to increase regularly with increase in the structural complexity of the compounds.
The data for iron(III) acetate, benzoate and salicylate suggest the polynuclear structure of these compounds. The observed isomer shifts for other organic iron compounds may also be interpreted in terms of the chemical binding in the molecule.
No resonance absorption was observed for a few groups of organic iron chelates (1,3 diketone derivatives, etc.). Though our interpretation is still conjectual, the reason for this is believed to rest in the high recoil probability of these compounds.
A Kinetic Study of the Catalytic Isotopic Hydrogen Exchange of Propene with Deuterium Oxide on Palladium Black
Authors: Hironaka Yoshie , Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A reaction mechanism for the catalytic isotopic hydrogen exchange of propene with deuterium oxide on palladium has been offered on the basis of the observed reaction rate and activation energy.
It has been concluded from the observed similarity in the dy-distribution and infrared spectra of the products at different temperatures that the exchange rates of the six hydrogen atoms in propene are nearly equal, while their activation energies are all 9 kcal./mol.
The exchange of methyl hydrogen atoms has been estimated to occur according to the double-bond migration mechanism as well as the dissociation mechanism.
A difference in catalytic activity has been found between palladium and nickel, even when their dy-distributions are nearly the same.
The Radiolysis of Ethylene Glycol Diacetate
Authors: Isoya Toshiro , Hirota Kozo , Hatada Motoyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The radiolysis of air-free ethylene glycol diacetate by 60Co γ-rays has been studied at room temperature. The following results have been obtained : a) irradiation gives five gaseous products and six liquid products; b) the G value of the total of all the gaseous products is 2.18; c) the G value of the EGDA decomposition is 2.5. The effect of DPPH addition on the radiolytic products, the relation between radiolytic products and the mass spectrum of unirradiated EGDA, and the ESR spectrum of irradiated EGDA have also been studied. No remarkable difference in the products has been found between EGDA and various monoacetates except in the gaseous products, the yields from EGDA being 1/2–1/3 of those from methyl acetate.
The Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Absorption of Chromium Ions Dispersed on Silica-alumina. II. The Variation in the Spectrum under Several Chemical Treatments
Authors: Matsumoto Akira , Tanaka Hazime , Goto Nobuhisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dispersed state of chromium and the effect of heat treatment have been compared in Part I in chromium dispersed on different supporting materials. The behavior of the EPR absorption of the same materials in the reaction of several chemical reagents have been observed in the present work. The catalytic activities of these samples in the polymerization of ethylene and in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide have also been measured.
The γ-absorption sites of the samples had different stabilities. In the sample with a silica gel base, this absorption disappeared quite easily in a reductive atmosphere, but that of the sample with a silica : alumina 1 : 1 base was stable in the same atmosphere. The former showed the greatest initial reaction rate in the polymerization of ethylene at 1 atm., while the latter had no catalytic activity in the polymerization, even at 40 kg./cm2. The sample with a gamma-alumina base showed an intermediate character in many respects. The activity in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide generally corresponded to the oxidation number of the samples, even after reduction with cyclo-hexane, but in the case of the silica gel base different behavior was observed.
Taking the present and the preceding results into account, the character of this type of catalyst has been discussed. Its nature must essentially be due to the cluster-form dispersion of chromia; the addition of alumina to the supporting material gives an effect of stabilization to the active site, which extends the life of the catalyst, though an excess in the addition results in an inactive material. The 3d3 state of the chromium ions is inactive in the polymerization of ethylene, probably because of the lack of a beneficial adsorptive property to the monomer. The ease in the transfer among d0, d1 and d2 states of chromium ions may decide the activity, while the transfer into the d3 state may decide tha life of the catalyst. Water accelerates the latter and deactivates the catalyst.
Chemical Effects Associated with the β-Decay Process. II. A Kinetic Study of the Chemical Behavior of 144Pr in the EDTA Complex System
Authors: Shiokawa Takanobu , Omori Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The substitution reaction of 144Ce(III) ions with the 144Pr(III)-EDTA complex in an aqueous solution at 25°C has been investigated; the rate-determining step has been found to be the acid-catalyzed dissociation of the Pr(III)-EDTA complex.
On the basis of the above substitution mechanism, the chemical behavior of the 144Pr atoms produced by the β−-decay of 144Ce has been satisfactorily explained in terms of a model which involves the formation of an intermediate complex. The kinetic treatment leads to the conclusion that the intermediate, produced as a results of an increase in the nuclear charge by the β−-decay of the complexed 144Ce, is available for attack by hydroxide ions and protonated EDTA anions and, consequently, produces free 144Pr(III) ions.
The Electrodeposition of Ruthenium from a Ruthenium(III) and Ruthenium(IV) Solution and a Fission Products Solution
Authors: Kobayashi Yoshii , Yamatera Hideo , Okuno Hisateru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrodeposition of ruthenium from ruthenium chloride and ruthenium nitrosyl chloride solution has been studied and has been applied to the separation of the radioactive ruthenium contained in fission products. When the amount of the ruthenium deposited in a given time was plotted against the cathode potential, the curves for 1×10−7m solutions of chloride and nitrosyl chloride showed a maximum. The decrease in the electrodeposition at lower cathode potentials may be due to the anodic oxidation of ruthenium as well as to the evolution of hydrogen gas at the cathode. The rate of electrodeposition was found to depend on the material used as the cathode, and to be increased by an increase in the temperature and by the addition of the carrier platinum or ruthenium. A complete separation of radio-ruthenium from fission products resulted when electrolysis was carried out with a 0.1 m hydrochloric acid solution of fission products containing carrier ruthenium under the appopriate conditions mentioned in the text. The ruthenium electrodeposited on the platinum electrode was completely recovered into the solution by anodic oxidation.
The Zeeman Effect of Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectrum in α-BHC Crystal
Authors: Soda Gen , Toyama Masaharu , Morino Yonezo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Zeeman effect of the nuclear quadrupole resonance has been studied on the 35Cl-nuclei in the racemic α-BHC single crystal at room temperature. The directions of the principal x-, y- and z-axes of the field-gradient tensor at each nucleus have been determined through two runs of measurements of the no-splitting loci of each absorption line. The asymmetry parameters of the field-gradient tensor have also been determined. The C–Cl bonds have been found to be considerably distorted from the directions to be expected from the tetra-hedral bond angles for each carbon atom. The distortion takes place in such a way that the skeleton of each molecule approachs a planar configuration. Since the principal axes show a tendency to satisfy the two-fold symmetry, the distorting force has been attributed mainly to the intramolecular forces, and only partly to the intermolecular forces. The previous assignment of the six absorption lines to the six chlorine atoms in the molecule has thus been confirmed.
Traube’s Rule for Soluble Monolayers of Homologous Strong Electrolytes
Authors: Tamaki Kunio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By using the free energy of the adsorption of the CH2 or the CF2 group from water to the surface, W, and the surface potential of Gouy’s theory, Traube’s factor, K, that is, the ratio of the respective concentrations, Cn and Cn+1, required to effect the equal lowering of surface or interfacial tension for successive homologous strong electrolytes with n and n+1 CH2 or CF2 groups, has been derived as;
K=Cn⁄Cn+1=exp(−W⁄2RT)
where R is the gas constant and T, the absolute temperature. This equation has been shown to be applicable also in obtaining a very good approximation for homologous sodium alkyl sulfates or perfluoro acids.
A Study of Zinc Oxide-Chromium Oxide Catalysts. VI. The Changes Brought about by Heat Treatment in the Activity for Methanol Synthesis and in the Structure of the Raw Catalysts
Authors: Uchida Hiroshi , Oba Masaaki , Araki Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The activity for methanol synthesis has been determined for two series of catalysts prepared from zinc oxide and chromic acid with and without subsequent heat treatment in the air. Also, the correlations between catalytic activity and other catalyst properties have been studied. Each catalyst series has consisted of four catalysts, three of them prepared from slurries of zinc oxide powder in aqueous chromic acid, and the other prepared directly from zinc oxide powder. The chromium/zinc ratios in the catalysts made from the slurries are 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0. The catalysts of one series have been heated in the air at 400°C after their preparation (the “heated series”).
In both series, the activity and the specific activity have been found to be influenced by the chromium/zinc ratio. The catalysts not heated in the air after their preparation (the “unheated series”) show higher activities than the corresponding catalysts of the heated series, though the former catalysts have much smaller surface areas.
The results of electron microscopic examination show that the two series of catalysts, after having been used for methanol synthesis, are structually different. The structural difference has been ascribed to the difference in the way of the decomposition of the layer-structure of zinc hydroxychromate. In the case of the unheated series, the layer-structure is decomposed into crystallites of zinc oxide and zinc chromite by reduction in the synthesis gas, whereas in the case of the heated series the layer-structure is decomposed by heat treatment in the air.
X-Ray diffraction data show that, in all cases, the lattice constant for the zinc oxide in catalysts is normal, whereas the lattice constant for the zinc chromite is larger than the normal value.
The average particle diameter as calculated from the surface area and density of catalysts does not agree with the size as estimated by electron microscopic observations.
The difference in specific activity between the two series may be due to the difference in the degree of the mutual penetration of zinc oxide and zinc chromite crystallites rather than to the variation in the zinc chromite lattice constant.
In addition, the effects upon the activity and upon the catalyst structure of catalyst treatment inhydrogen at 500°C after methanol synthesis have been discussed.
Studies on Reactions of Polypropylene. V. On the Thermal Degradation Accelerated by Vinyl Polymers
Authors: Mizutani Yukio , Matsuoka Seishiro , Yamamoto Keiichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal degradation of polypropylene in the presence of such vinyl polymers as polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, the 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine-styrene copolymer, and the acrylonitrilestyrene copolymer has been studied at 280–345°C by the use of glass ampoules and an extruder.
1) The vinyl polymers added were effective as accelerators for the thermal degradation of polypropylene. The activation energies for the scission reaction of the polypropylene chain were 57.2 and 58.4 kcal./mol. for the two polypropylene samples, and 46.8, 43.5, 46.9 and 38.6 kcal./mol. for polypropylenes containing 3% polystyrene, 3% polymethyl methacrylate, 4.7% the acrylonitrilestyrene copolymer, and 3% the 2-methyl-5-vinylpyridine-styrene copolymer respectively.
2) The reaction time needed for the modification of polypropylene to an appropriate intrinsic viscosity by the use of an extruder is shorter than that in glass ampoules.
3) Graft or block polymers have been detected in the residue after the acetone-extraction of the extruded polypropylene. They could be used in the modification of the polypropylene dyeability.
4) It has been concluded that the simple process of the thermal degradation of polypropylene accelerated by vinyl polymers can be used for the modification of polypropylene with a very high molecular weight and, simultaneously, for the preparation of graft or block polymers.
Studies of the Decomposition Products of Ethereal Blue Perchromate by Ion-exchange Resins. II. The Open Bottle Decomposition Product
Authors: Rajput B S , Rai R C 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The composition of the open bottle decomposition product has been studied and a chemical formula Cr2(CrO4)3 has been assigned to it. It has been shown that the formation of this product can be explained successfully if we accept the formula suggested by Rai for the ethereal blue perchromate.
The Copolymerization of Cyclic Olefins with Maleic Anhydride
Authors: Murahashi Shunsuke , Nozakura Shun’ichi , Yasufuku Katsutoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relative reactivities of cyclo-butene, -pentene, -hexene, -heptene, -octene(cis), cis- and trans-butene-2 have been compared in the copolymerization with MAn. The reactivity showed a minimum at cyclohexene, with the higher members having slightly higher reactivities and the lower members having markedly higher reativites than cyclohexene. cis-Butene-2 was found to be twice as reactive as the trans-isomer. These facts have been explained by a combination of the effects of the strain energy of olefins and of steric hindrance.
The kinetics of the copolymerization of cyclopentene and MAn was studied at 60°C in benzene,, the overall rate being expressed by:
Rp=k[I]0.7[M1]1.5 when [M1]=[M2]
k=5.83×1012e−24.2kcal⁄RT