bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional Responses of
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Strain R in Association with Eukaryotic Cells
Authors: Cecchini Katharine R. , Gorton Timothy S. , Geary Steven J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

Mycoplasma gallisepticum
is an etiologic agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens and infectious sinusitis in turkeys. Other than proteins important for cytadherence, few
M. gallisepticum
factors or pathways contributing to host cell interactions have been identified. In this study, an oligonucleotide-based microarray was utilized to investigate transcriptional changes in
M. gallisepticum
strain R
low
upon exposure to eukaryotic cells. Fifty-eight genes were either up- or downregulated upon exposure to MRC-5 lung fibroblasts grown in vitro, including genes encoding transport-, metabolism-, and translation-associated proteins. Twenty of the 58 regulated genes have no assigned function. These results indicate that
M. gallisepticum
regulates gene expression upon exposure to eukaryotic cells, revealing genes and pathways likely to be important for host-bacterium interaction.
A SIMPLIFICATION IN THE ESTIMATION OF “PROTHROMBIN TIME” FOR THE CONTROL OF ANTICOAGULANT THERAPY
Authors: Keyser J. W. , Payne R. B. 
Published: June 2007

A modification is described which reduces considerably the amount of pipetting involved in the estimation of “prothrombin time.”The procedure used by the authors is described in full. Particular attention is paid to the preparation and storage of the thromboplastin and to the sterilization of the citrate tubes used for the collection of specimens.
FIBRINOLYTIC AND ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN PREGNANCY
Authors: Naidoo S. S. , Hathorn M. , Gillman T. 
Published: June 2007

Fibrinolytic activity and serum antifibrinolysin were estimated in normal pregnant women, during and after labour.The decreased fibrinolytic activity found during labour returned to non-pregnant levels within 24 hours of delivery. During the same period, the serum antifibrinolysin was rapidly diminished.It is suggested that the post-partum increase in fibrinolytic activity to non-pregnant levels is due to alterations in the fibrinolytic system itself, as well as to changes in circulating antifibrinolysin.
THE DETERMINATION OF SERUM IRON AFTER THE INTRAVENOUS INJECTION OF IRON-DEXTRAN
Authors: Webster D. 
Published: June 2007

A rapid technique for the determination of iron in serum, after the intravenous injection of iron-dextran, is presented.Dithionite is used for the reduction of ferric to ferrous iron.The use of a detergent solution enables protein precipitation to be omitted.The iron reagent, 4: 7-diphenyl-1: 10-phenanthroline, and its ferrous complex are both soluble in the dilute detergent solution.Lipaemic serum can be used without affecting the results.The recovery of added ferric iron, as iron-dextran, is quantitative.
EFFECTS OF POSTURE ON PLASMA VOLUME AND SOME BLOOD CONSTITUENTS
Authors: Fawcett J. K. , Wynn V. 
Published: June 2007

When the posture was changed from horizontal to vertical, or the reverse, the alteration in plasma volume and in the levels of haematocrit, haemoglobin, and plasma protein was much greater in patients with oedema or low plasma protein or albumin concentrations (“the pathological group”) than in patients without these abnormalities (“the control group”). This larger fluid shift, and the larger concentration changes dependent on it, are explained in terms of Starling's hypothesis.In the control group there was scarcely any change in the total mass of intravascular plasma protein with change in posture, but in the pathological group this was often considerable. This was interpreted as indicating increased permeability of the capillaries to protein.Attention is drawn to the influence of uncontrolled alterations in posture on biochemical and haematological measurements and a recommendation is made in order to standardize conditions before taking blood for the analysis of non-diffusible constituents.
TISSUE REACTIONS TO ASPERGILLUS IN CASES OF HODGKIN'S DISEASE AND LEUKAEMIA
Authors: Gowing N. F. C. , Hamlin Iris M. E. 
Published: June 2007

Five cases of aspergillosis complicating Hodgkin's disease and leukaemia are reported. The organs involved were: lungs (all five cases), stomach (Case 3); brain and meninges (Case 4); heart, kidneys, spleen, thyroid, and liver (Case 2). Cultures ofAspergillus fumigatuswere obtained from the post-mortem tissues of three patients.All the lesions in Case 2 were suppurative. The other four cases had non-suppurative lesions characterized by spreading coagulation necrosis with peripheral hyperaemia, exudation, and haemorrhage. Invasion and occlusion of blood vessels occurred frequently.The various factors that may be responsible for the initiation and progression of the fungal infection are discussed. The available evidence suggests thatAspergillus fumigatuscan produce toxic metabolites which are able to cause tissue necrosis and vascular damage. In patients suffering from neoplastic conditions of the lympho-reticular system, especially if steroid hormones or radiomimetic drugs are given, spreading, necrotizing lesions can develop unchecked by antibody or cellular defences.
FOLIC ACID AND OTHER ABSORPTION TESTS IN LYMPHOSARCOMA, CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC LEUKAEMIA, AND SOME RELATED CONDITIONS
Authors: Pitney W. R. , Joske R. A. , Mackinnon Norma L. 
Published: June 2007

An improved folic acid absorption test is described in detail.Using the folic acid and other absorption tests, a study of intestinal function has been made in eight patients with lymphosarcoma, eight with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, two with Hodgkin's disease, and one each with reticulum cell sarcoma, Whipple's disease, and macroglobulinaemia. It was found that laboratory evidence of intestinal malabsorption was extremely common in patients with this group of diseases.The folic acid absorption test was the most sensitive single index of malabsorption of the tests used in this study.Correlation between the different absorption tests was poor, and there does not appear to be a characteristic biochemical profile of intestinal function in these patients.
THE RELATION OF SERUM URIC ACID TO HAEMOGLOBIN LEVEL IN PATIENTS WITH CARDIAC AND RESPIRATORY DISEASE
Authors: Lewis J. G. , Gardner J. E. 
Published: June 2007

An investigation was made of the serum uric acid in 130 male patients with long-standing cardiac or pulmonary disease. The mean serum uric acid was 4.66 mg. per 100 ml. with a standard deviation of ±0.99.The serum uric acid increased parallel with a rise in the haemoglobin level. The coefficient of correlation was +0.5, which was nearly six times the standard error.The frequency of hyperuricaemia (over 6 mg. per 100 ml.) was 11 times in 47 patients with a haemoglobin level above 110% as compared with twice in 83 patients when the haemoglobin level was below this figure.The highest levels of serum uric acid were seen in patients with cyanotic congenital heart disease.Two of the patients with hyperuricaemia gave a suggestive history of gout, and this was believed to have been caused by the secondary polycythaemia.Serum uric acid levels were significantly higher, as were the haemoglobin concentrations, in the obese compared with the patients who were not obese.
Pathological changes in temporal arteries removed from unselected cadavers
Authors: Ainsworth R. W. , Gresham G. A. , Balmforth G. V. 
Published: June 2007

Progressive degenerative changes in ageing temporal arteries are described. These changes are usually severe in elderly patients, hence their presence in diagnostic biopsies provides no evidence of temporal arteritis past or present.In two patients in the series of random necropsies examined there were changes in the temporal arteries identical with those seen in patients known to have suffered from temporal arteritis in the past; in both these cases there was, in addition a giant cell aortitis.The distinction between healed arteritis and degenerative changes due to age in a single biopsy specimen may be difficult. Furthermore, it is possible that steroid treatment may arrest the progress of the disease so that gross intimal thickening and vascularization of the artery wall do not occur.Giant cell arteritis is not a rare disease. Two examples were discovered in 39 random necropsies on patients over 60 years of age.
The adhesiveness of native platelets and its prevention
Authors: O'Brien J. R. 
Published: June 2007

The following methods were used to measure the adhesion to various surfaces of platelets in whole blood or plasma: 1, two measurements gave an estimatein vivoof platelet adhesion to cut human capillaries; 2, platelets adhering to damaged cellsin vitrowere counted directly; 3, a highly reproducible method for estimating platelet adhesion to glass was devised; 4, the manner in which platelets adhere to each other (aggregation) was also studied.Platelet adhesion to all these surfaces was found to be dependent upon calcium and independent of all clotting factors except that platelet aggregation is probably dependent upon thrombin. A number of drugs—mostly antimalarials, antihistaminics, and local anaesthetics—in suitable concentration inhibited adhesion. They probably form a fixed, orientated layer on glass and possibly on cells and make these surfaces unattractive to a platelet. They also stick reversibly to live cells (including platelets) altering their permeability, and they may make platelets less adhesive. Consequently the possibility of using antiadhesive drugs therapeutically to inhibit thrombus formation was considered.
The occurrence of post-gamma protein in urine: a new protein abnormality
Authors: Butler Elizabeth A. , Flynn F. V. 
Published: June 2007

As a result of studying the urine proteins of 223 individuals by starch gel electrophoresis, a new urine protein fraction has been recognized. On starch gel electrophoresis at alkalinepH the new fraction moves to a position appreciably nearer the cathode than the slowest-moving γ-globulin in normal serum. A small amount of this post-γ protein was found in the urine of 46 patients with clinical proteinuria, including 19 with the Fanconi syndrome and nine with multiple myeloma.The nature, origin, and clinical significance of post-γ protein is discussed.
Studies on the folic acid activity of human serum
Authors: Waters A. H. , Mollin D. L. , Pope Josephine , Towler Thurl 
Published: June 2007

A method for the measurement of serum folic acid activity is described, which is a modification of previous methods.The material in serum with activity forL. caseiis made up of a stable and a labile component. The amount of stable component in normal subjects and patients with megaloblastic anaemia is similar. The amount of labile component varies. In patients with folic acid deficiency none is present; in normal subjects it constitutes between 65 and 94% of the total serumL. caseiactivity. The labile component appears to be an index of folic acid metabolism, and the assay of total serumL. caseiactivity is therefore a valuable method for differentiating patients requiring treatment with folic acid from normal subjects and patients with primary vitamin B12deficiency. Normal subjects had serum folic acid levels from 5·9 to 21·0 mμg./ml. (mean 9·9 mμg./ml. ± 0·3 mμg./ml. S.E.). In patients with megaloblastic anaemia requiring treatment with folic acid, other than megaloblastic anaemia of pregnancy, the levels were less than 4·0 mμg./ml. Patients with uncomplicated pernicious anaemia had levels from 6·0 to 27·0 mμg./ml. (mean 16·6 mμg./ml. ± 1·1 mμg./ml. S.E.). The mean level in this group was higher than in normal subjects, and the highest levels of all were found in patients with subacute combined degeneration of the cord with minimal anaemia (range 14·4 to 36·8 mμg./ml.; mean 24·8 mμg./ml. ± 2·4 mμg./ml. S.E.).TheL. caseiactivity of the labile component is lost during autoclaving or storage at −20°C. This loss can be prevented during autoclaving by using adequate amounts of ascorbic acid in the phosphate buffer used to dilute the serum for assay and by adding ascorbic acid to serum that is to be stored. Moreover, the activity lost during the storage of serum not protected by ascorbic acid could be restored, for periods up to three months, by adding ascorbic acid to this serum before assay.
Methicillin-resistant staphylococci
Authors: Barber Mary 
Published: June 2007

Eighteen strains ofStaph. pyogenes(nine penicillin-sensitive and nine penicillin-destroying) were passaged 40 to 50 times on Celbenin1ditch plates.All strains developed an increase in resistance to Celbenin and eight strains (four penicillin-sensitive and four penicillin-destroying) were able to grow in 100 μg/ml. or more Celbenin. Resistance was of the drug-tolerant type and none of the cultures inactivated Celbenin. There was an associated increase in tolerance to benzyl penicillin.The highly Celbenin-resistant cultures isolated from penicillin-destroying staphylococci were in sharp contrast to those from penicillin-sensitive strains, as well as to penicillin G-tolerant staphylococci isolatedin vitro, because they retained the cultural characteristics, coagulase and haemolytic activity, and mouse virulence of the parent strains, and the degree of resistance remained stable after repeated passage in the absence of Celbenin.Three naturally occurring Celbenin-resistant strains ofStaph. pyogenesisolated from infective processes were also studied. All three strains grew luxuriantly in concentrations of Celbenin up to 12·5 μg/ml. but very poorly in higher concentrations.The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
The histological diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis
Authors: Stansfeld A. G. 
Published: June 2007

The commonest presenting sign of acquired toxoplasmosis in man is enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. The persistence of the nodes may lead to a suspicion of malignant lymphoma and the diagnosis then hinges on the lymph node biopsy.Three cases of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis are described in each of which the diagnosis was unsuspected clinically. The chance discovery of a toxoplasma cyst in the lymph node section of Case 1 led to the correct diagnosis, after an initial diagnosis of Hodgkin's disease had been made. In the other two, strikingly similar histological changes in the lymph node biopsies suggested the diagnosis, which was confirmed serologically in each case.The histological changes are described and the clinical and pathological aspects of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis are briefly reviewed, with special reference to the differentiation from malignant lymphomatous conditions and to the specificity of the histological picture. It is concluded that the histology is, in many instances, sufficiently distinctive for a tentative diagnosis of toxoplasmic lymphadenitis to be made on the lymph node biopsy. The diagnosis should always be confirmed by isolation of the parasite or by serological tests. It is exceedingly rare for toxoplasma cysts to be found in lymph nodes and only one previous observation of this kind has been reported.
A stable sheep cell preparation for detecting thyroglobulin auto-antibodies and its clinical applications
Authors: Fulthorpe A. J. , Roitt I. M. , Doniach D. , Couchman K. 
Published: June 2007

The preparation of stable formolized sheep cells coated with thyroglobulin and their use for the detection of auto-antibodies in human thyroiditis is described. This provides an easy laboratory test which gives results closely comparable with those using fresh tanned cells.The agglutination titres do not closely parallel the antibody content of the serum but a good correlation may be obtained by inhibiting agglutination with thyroglobulin.The diagnostic usefulness of the test in treating disorders of the thyroid is discussed and related to the results of tests for the other two immune systems involved in thyroiditis. The tanned red cell test may be used to differentiate Hashimoto's disease from thyroid cancer and non-toxic colloid goitre, and to assess the choice of treatment in patients with Graves' disease. It has proved of particular value in genetic studies of auto-immunity.
Neural and visceral xanthomatosis in adults
Authors: Miller A. A. , Ramsden F. 
Published: June 2007

The clinical, pathological, and chemical findings in a fatal case of generalized Hand-Schüller-Christian disease in a man of 33 years are presented in case 1. The necropsy examination revealed granulomatous infiltration of the infra-orbital fat, the pituitary stalk, and the posterior lobe of the pituitary and also of the skull bones and the thyroid cartilage. The spinal dura mater contained multiple xanthomatous deposits which had produced degenerative changes in the cord substance by epidural compression. Interesting features were the tumour-like enlargement of the right heart, massive pancreatic and renal infiltration, also heavy constricting xanthomatous mantles which had produced compression of both kidneys and adrenal glands.Case 2 is an example of xanthomatous granuloma, confined to the lungs, in a man of 57 years, and not associated with diabetes insipidus. The histological appearances were those of long-standing chronic xanthoma with marked cystic changes in the lungs, dilated bronchioles, and thick-walled stenosed pulmonary arteries.The pathogenesis of Hand-Schüller-Christian disease is briefly discussed.
Estimation of intrinsic factor and detection of intrinsic factor antibodies using non-radioactive cyanocobalamin and microbiological assay
Authors: Spray G. H. 
Published: June 2007

A method employing non-radioactive vitamin B12and microbiological assay is described for estimating intrinsic factor in gastric juice and for detecting antibody to intrinsic factor in serum. Satisfactory agreement was obtained between the results by this method and by a modification of the method of Ardeman and Chanarin (1963).During the first hour after gastric stimulation 11 patients with pernicious anaemia secreted between 0 and 240 units of intrinsic factor compared with between 1,600 and 39,000 units in 21 patients with other conditions. The results in three out of four patients with gastric atrophy were higher than those in pernicious anaemia but lower than in other conditions.
Incidence and pathogenesis of megaloblastic erythropoiesis in multiple myeloma
Authors: Hoffbrand A. V. , Hobbs J. R. , Kremenchuzky S. , Mollin D. L. 
Published: June 2007

Intermediate megaloblastic changes occurred in six (19%) of 32 patients with multiple myeloma and trivial megaloblastic changes in a further ten (31%). Folate deficiency was the predominant cause of these changes and in at least two patients was sufficiently severe to contribute to anaemia. Folate deficiency appeared to be due to exćess folate utilization by the tumour and was related to the amount of paraprotein produced daily.Five of the 32 patients had subnormal serum B12levels. Reduction in the serum B12level was related to the reduction in the normal circulating immunoglobulins and occurred despite normal B12absorption. Possible explanations for this finding are discussed.
Thyroid carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome
Authors: Williams E. D. , Morales A. M. , Horn R. C. 
Published: June 2007

Two cases of thyroid carcinoma and Cushing's syndrome are reported. Nine other previously published cases of this association are reviewed: in one the thyroid tumour was described as medullary, in two as papillary, and in the other six as anaplastic, undifferentiated, atypical, or solid carcinoma. Both of our own cases were medullary carcinomas of the thyroid, and on reviewing the histology of five of the other cases all proved to be medullary carcinoma with identifiable amyloid in the stroma. A consideration of the temporal relationships of the development of the carcinoma and of Cushing's syndrome suggested that in the two cases with papillary carcinoma these conditions could have been unrelated, but that in eight of the nine cases with medullary carcinoma there was evidence that thyroid carcinoma was present at the time of diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome.The other main groups of the so-called `non-endocrine' tumours associated with Cushing's syndrome are briefly reviewed, and evidence that a surprising number of these cases are related to carcinoid tumours is put forward. Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid is also probably related to this group of tumours. It is suggested that the great majority of the tumours associated with Cushing's syndrome are derived from cells of foregut origin which are endocrine in nature. In neoplasms derived from these cells the polypeptide hormone may well be imperfectly formed, and possess an amino-acid sequence in common with ACTH or other biologically active polypeptides.
Horse agglutinins in infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Lee C. L. , Zandrew F. , Davidsohn I. 
Published: June 2007

One hundred infectious mononucleosis and the same number of non-infectious mononucleosis sera were studied to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of horse erythrocytes in the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis. Titres of horse agglutinins in infectious mononucleosis sera ranged from 28 to 7,168 with a geometric mean of 550, whereas the corresponding sheep agglutinin titres ranged from less than 7 to 3,584, with a geometric mean of 126. Horse agglutinin titres of non-infectious mononucleosis sera ranged from less than 7 to 896, with a geometric mean of 59.Infectious mononucleosis sera tested with horse erythrocytes before and after absorption with guinea pig kidney and beef erythrocytes showed patterns different from those of non-infectious mononucleosis sera, even when sheep agglutinin titres were too low for satisfactory evaluation.After absorption with guinea pig kidney, horse agglutinin titres of infectious mononucleosis sera were uniformly higher than in the corresponding serum absorbed with beef erythrocytes. This was not the case for non-infectious mononucleosis sera.Results confirm our previously expressed view that horse erythrocytes are preferable to sheep erythrocytes in the serological diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
An evaluation of the Auto Analyzer SMA-4
Authors: Lappin T. R. J. , Lamont A. , Nelson M. G. 
Published: June 2007

The Technicon AutoAnalyzer SMA-4 has been systematically evaluated. Carry-over from the sample cups was found to be within an acceptable range. The precision and accuracy of the four parameters determined by the instrument have been investigated. The haemoglobin results were found to be accurate. There was good agreement with leucocyte counts performed on the model A Coulter electronic cell counter. After certain modifications had been made in the manifold, satisfactory degrees of accuracy were also obtained for the erythrocyte counts. Although the determination of the haematocrit by conductance is influenced by a variety of factors, the mean coefficient of variation was found to be 0·83% and 95% of the results agreed within ± 2% of those obtained by the microhaematocrit centrifugation method.A logistic assessment of the SMA-4 when it was put into routine use indicated the need to select blood samples without excess anticoagulant, to calibrate the instrument before each run, to test for instrumental drift, to use a rapid method of correcting stoppages, and, if concurrent reporting is carried out, to employ the part-time services of a second operator. The presence of dust in the environment was found to have a deleterious effect on both the mechanical and electronic components of the system requiring preventive maintenance. It should be possible, by interfacing an analogue-digital converter and automatic punch, to produce data compatible with records.