bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A dual‐sequence framework for B2C relationship formation: Moderating effects of employee communication style in online group chat
Authors: Dabholkar Pratibha A. , van Dolen Willemijn M. , de Ruyter Ko 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPast research on B2C relationships has typically focused on unidimensional constructs of satisfaction, trust, and commitment, ignoring underlying psychological dimensions. Although some studies have examined cognitive and affective dimensions of these relational constructs, dual sequential effects in relationship formation have not been investigated. This study proposes and finds (in the context of online group chat) that parallel cognitive and affective sequences of relationship formation take place, thus expanding scholarly understanding of underlying psychological processes and offering marketing practitioners two different ways to build relationships with consumers. The proposed dual‐sequence relational framework further advances theory by shedding light on counterintuitive findings in past research. The study also supports the proposed moderating effects of employee communication style, such that sequential effects of cognitive (affective) relational constructs are stronger with a task‐oriented (socially oriented) employee, thus offering insights to practitioners in hiring and training employees to match specific organizational goals for building relationships with consumers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effectiveness of promotional premiums: The moderating role of affective state in different contexts
Authors: Chang Chingching 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis research explores the influence of affective state on ad and product judgments for advertising that features promotional offers of high and low price value. Consistent with expectations, Study 1 found that for happy participants, high‐price value premiums generated higher ad believability ratings, which in turn enhanced ad and brand attitudes. For sad participants, however, the positive effects of high‐price value premiums were attenuated due to message believability discounting. It is proposed that the moderating influence of affective state on responses to ads featuring premiums should be more likely to emerge when attention to premiums is high, as in situations where ads feature less important product attributes or when consumers plan to purchase a product. Study 2 found that the interaction between affective state and premium value was significant when ads featured less important product attributes, but not when they featured important product attributes. Study 3 found that the interaction was significant for participants who intended to purchase the product in the near future, but not for those who did not have purchase intentions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward an “omic” physiopathology of reactive chemicals: Thirty years of mass spectrometric study of the protein adducts with endogenous and xenobiotic compounds
Authors: Rubino Federico Maria , Pitton Marco , Di Fabio Daniela , Colombi Antonio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCancer and degenerative diseases are major causes of morbidity and death, derived from the permanent modification of key biopolymers such as DNA and regulatory proteins by usually smaller, reactive molecules, present in the environment or generated from endogenous and xenobiotic components by the body's own biochemical mechanisms (molecular adducts). In particular, protein adducts with organic electrophiles have been studied for more than 30 [see, e.g., Calleman et al., 1978] years essentially for three purposes: (a) as passive monitors of the mean level of individual exposure to specific chemicals, either endogenously present in the human body or to which the subject is exposed through food or environmental contamination; (b) as quantitative indicators of the mean extent of the individual metabolic processing which converts a non‐reactive chemical substance into its toxic products able to damage DNA (en route to cancer induction through genotoxic mechanisms) or key proteins (as in the case of several drugs, pesticides or otherwise biologically active substances); (c) to relate the extent of protein modification to that of biological function impairment (such as enzyme inhibition) finally causing the specific health damage. This review describes the role that contemporary mass spectrometry‐based approaches employed in the qualitative and quantitative study of protein–electrophile adducts play in the discovery of the (bio)chemical mechanisms of toxic substances and highlights the future directions of research in this field. A particular emphasis is given to the measurement of often high levels of the protein adducts of several industrial and environmental pollutants in unexposed human populations, a phenomenon which highlights the possibility that a number of small organic molecules are generated in the human organism through minor metabolic processes, the imbalance of which may be the cause of “spontaneous” cases of cancer and of other degenerative diseases of still uncharacterized etiology. With all this in mind, it is foreseen that a holistic description of cellular functions will take advantage of new analytical methods based on time‐integrated metabolomic measurements of a new biological compartment, the “adductome,” aimed at better understanding integrated organism response to environmental and endogenous stressors. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 28:725–784, 2009
Conformational analysis and stereochemical dependences of 31P–1H spin–spin coupling constants of bis(2‐phenethyl)vinylphosphine and related phosphine chalcogenides
Authors: Fedorov Sergey V. , Krivdin Leonid B. , Rusakov Yury Yu. , Ushakov Igor A. , Istomina Natalia V. , Belogorlova Natalia A. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Gusarova Nina K. , Trofimov Boris A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTheoretical energy‐based conformational analysis of bis(2‐phenethyl)vinylphosphine and related phosphine oxide, sulfide and selenide synthesized from available secondary phosphine chalcogenides and vinyl sulfoxides is performed at the MP2/6‐311G** level to study stereochemical behavior of their 31P–1H spin–spin coupling constants measured experimentally and calculated at different levels of theory. All four title compounds are shown to exist in the equilibrium mixture of two conformers: major planar s‐cis and minor orthogonal ones, while 31P–1 H spin–spin coupling constants under study are found to demonstrate marked stereochemical dependences with respect to the geometry of the coupling pathways, and to the internal rotation of the vinyl group around the P(X)‐C bonds (X = LP, O, S and Se), opening a new guide in the conformational studies of unsaturated phosphines and phosphine chalcogenides. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Formation of Toxic α,β‐Unsaturated 4‐Hydroxy‐Aldehydes in Thermally Oxidized Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Authors: Han In Hwa , Csallany A. Saari 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTo investigate the heat induced formation of α,β‐unsaturated 4‐hydroxy‐aldehydes (4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐hexenal (HHE), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐octenal (HOE), 4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐nonenal (HNE) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐trans‐decenal (HDE)) fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) of stearic, oleic, linoleic and linolenic acids were heated separately at 185°C for 0 to 6 hrs. The formation of 2,4‐decadienal, a suspected intermediate in HNE formation, was also measured in these FAMEs. As expected methyl stearate (MS) and methyl oleate (MO) did not produce any of the α,β‐unsaturated 4‐hydroxy‐aldehydes as a consequence of thermally induced lipid peroxidation. The formation of HHE was detected in both methyl linoleate (ML) and methyl linolenate (MLN), with concentration higher in MLN than in ML. The maximum HHE concentration was 3.99 μg HHE/g ML after 2 h and 50.78 μg HHE/g MLN after 4 h of heat treatment. HOE was detected in both ML and MLN, and the maximum concentration was 102.50 μg HOE/g ML after 6 h and 90.56 μg HOE/g MLN after 2 h of heating. HNE was found only in ML and its highest concentration was 84.82 μg HNE/g ML after 3 h of heating. HDE was not detected in any of the four heat treated FAMEs. 2,4‐Decadienal was not found to be an intermediate in the formation of HNE in thermally induced oxidation of FAMEs.
Identifying patient-relevant endpoints among individuals with schizophrenia: An application of patient-centered health technology assessment
Authors: Kinter Elizabeth T. , Schmeding Annette , Rudolph Ina , dosReis Susan , Bridges John F. P. 
Published: January 2009

Objectives:Schizophrenia imposes a great burden on society, and while evaluation should play an important role in informing society's efforts to alleviate these burdens, it is unclear what “endpoints” should be chosen as the objective of such analyses. The objectives of the study were to elicit endpoints directly from patients with schizophrenia, to ascertain whether patients are sufficiently cognoscente to express what endpoints are and are not important to them and to rank the relevant endpoints.Methods:We applied principles of patient-centered health technology assessment to identify and value endpoints from the patient's perspective. Focus groups were conducted to elicit endpoints, using interpretive phenomalogical analysis (IPA) to guide the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. Patient interviews were subsequently used to elicit patient preference over endpoints. Respondents were presented with cards outlining the endpoints and asked to remove irrelevant cards. They where then asked to identify and rank their five most relevant endpoints in order of importance. Interviews were recorded for the purposed of triangulation, and data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Patients were recruited from five geographically diverse cities in Germany. Eligibility required a diagnosis of schizophrenia by a physician and treatment with an antipsychotic medication for at least one year. Respondents were excluded if they were experiencing an acute episode.Results:Thirteen endpoints emerged as important from the focus groups spanning side-effects, functional status, processes of care and clinical outcomes. Respondents could clearly identify relevant and irrelevant endpoints, and rank which factors were important to them. Triangulation between field notes of the ranking exercise and recordings confirmed that rankings were not arbitrary, but justified from the respondents' point of view.Conclusions:Patients with schizophrenia can express preferences over endpoints. Our results show that qualitative methods such as IPA can be used to identify factors, but ranking exercises provide a more robust method for ranking the importance of endpoints. Future research involving patients with schizophrenia ranking outcomes is needed to identify variations across patients and methods such as conjoint analysis could prove beneficial in identifying acceptable tradeoffs across endpoints.
Finding legitimacy for the role of budget impact in drug reimbursement decisions
Authors: Niezen Maartje G. H. , de Bont Antoinette , Busschbach Jan J. V. , Cohen Joshua P. , Stolk Elly A. 
Published: January 2009

Objectives:Research has shown that effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and severity of illness each play a role in drug reimbursement decisions. However, the role of budget impact in such decisions is less obvious. Policy makers almost always demand a budget impact estimate yet seem reluctant to formally include budget impact as a rationing criterion. Health economists even reject budget impact as a legitimate criterion. For these reasons, it is important to examine its use in rationing decisions, and rationales underlying its use.Methods:We trace several rationales supporting the use of budget impact through a literature review, supplemented by semistructured interviews with eleven key stakeholders involved in drug reimbursement decisions in the Netherlands.Results:Budget impact arguments are used in certain instances, although policy makers appear uncomfortable with its use because well described rationales still are lacking. In addition, we identify the following rationales to support budget impact as a rationing criterion: opportunity costs, loss aversion, uncertainty and equal opportunity.Conclusions:Budget impact plays a role in drug reimbursement decisions and has rationales to support its use. However, policy makers do not easily admit that they consider budget impact and are even reluctant to explicitly use budget impact as a formal criterion. A debate would strengthen the theoretical foundation of budget impact as a legitimate criterion in the context of drug reimbursement decisions. Such discussion of budget impact's role will also enhance policy-makers' accountability.
Evaluating the status of “translating research into practice” at a major academic healthcare system
Authors: Rajab M. Hasan , Villamaria Frank J. , Rohack J. James 
Published: January 2009

Objectives:The aim of this study was to assess the status of translating research findings into practice at a major academic healthcare system in Central Texas.Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional survey addressing knowledge of and participation in translational research of physicians, residents, nurses and third- and fourth-year medical students in a major academic healthcare system in Central Texas.Results:Out of 508 respondents, 428 (84.3 percent) completed all questions. A total of 68.9 percent of faculty reported having sufficient education and training to conduct research versus 44.4 percent of residents and 35.6 percent of nurses. Fifty-eight percent of faculty, 53 percent of residents and 9 percent of nurses reported current involvement in research activity. A total of 55.6 percent of residents reported that their departments provide them with protected time for research versus 18.4 percent of faculty and 10.3 percent of nurses. In addition, 33.9 percent of nurses reported interest in participating in research but do not know how to start. There were 86.4 percent of faculty, 77.8 percent of residents, and 58 percent of nurses who indicated they were familiar with translational research. However, only 42.7 percent of faculty, 46.7 percent of residents and 35.6 percent of nurses indicated they were aware of any changes in the delivery of care that resulted from research projects.Conclusions:The study results suggested failure to leverage members of the healthcare team in a systematic process to ensure translation of research findings into practice. Results highlighted the need to merge culture of safety and quality improvement with research while dealing with the daily pressures of patient care.
Perception du contraste de nasalité vocalique en français
Authors: DELVAUX VÉRONIQUE 
Published: January 2009

RÉSUMÉCette étude examine la perception du contraste de nasalité vocalique en français standard, et vise, plus globalement, à contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes présidant à la covariation phonétique dans les langues du monde. Nous présentons les résultats de deux expériences perceptuelles menées sur des auditeurs francophones et anglophones, l'une d'identification, l'autre de discrimination. L'expérience d'identification montre que la combinaison d'une réduction de la proéminence spectrale en F1/F3 et d'un abaissement de la fréquence de F2 est à la fois nécessaire et suffisante à l'identification des nasales du français standard, tous timbres et tous contextes confondus; le recours à la dimension secondaire (F2) est renforcé en contexte nasal. L'expérience de discrimination montre que la combinaison effectuée par les auditeurs entre les deux dimensions covariantes est d'origine sensorielle, et non décisionnelle.
Le PS: cher disparu de la rubrique nécrologique?
Authors: LABEAU EMMANUELLE 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTLe passé simple (PS) français, en tant que passé perfectif, semble fait pour l'article nécrologique qui relate les points forts d'une existence dans l'ordre chronologique. Cependant, des linguistes ont affirmé au cours du 20ème siècle que le PS était mourant. Il vaut donc la peine de voir si le PS est utilisé dans les articles nécrologiques et si son usage décline dans le temps.Cette étude se penche sur un corpus synchronique (Le Monde,Le Figaro,L'Humanité,La Croix,Le Parisien) et un corpus diachronique (Le Monde,Le Figaro). Elle s'intéresse à l'évolution des formes et des fonctions du PS au cours du temps et dans les différents journaux. Elle évalue également la capacité des passé composé, imparfait, présent, plus-que-parfait et futur simple à jouer un rôle narratif dans l'article nécrologique.
Wild ramification and the characteristic cycle of an ℓ-adic sheaf
Authors: Saito Takeshi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe propose a geometric method to measure the wild ramification of a smooth étale sheaf along the boundary. Using the method, we study the graded quotients of the logarithmic ramification groups of a local field of characteristic p > 0 with arbitrary residue field. We also define the characteristic cycle of an ℓ-adic sheaf, satisfying certain conditions, as a cycle on the logarithmic cotangent bundle and prove that the intersection with the 0-section computes the characteristic class, and hence the Euler number.
Effects of (15S)‐hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid and (15S)‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid on the acute‐ lymphoblastic‐leukaemia cell line Jurkat: activation of the Fas‐mediated death pathway
Authors: Kumar Kotha Anil , Arunasree Kalle M. , Roy Karnati R. , Reddy Nishanth P. , Aparna Ankireddy , Reddy Gorla Venkateswara , Reddanna Pallu 
Published: January 2009

The antiproliferative effects of 15‐LOX (15‐lipoxygenase) metabolites of arachidonic acid {(15S)‐HPETE [(15S)‐hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid] and (15S)‐HETE [(15S)‐hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid]} and the mechanism(s) involved were studied in the human T‐cell leukaemia cell line Jurkat. (15S)‐HPETE, the hydroperoxy metabolite of 15‐LOX, inhibited the growth of Jurkat cells 3 h after exposure and with an IC50 value of 10 μM. The hydroxy metabolite of 15‐LOX, (15S)‐HETE, on the other hand, inhibited the growth of Jurkat cells after 6 h of exposure and with an IC50 value of 40 μM. The cells exposed to 10 μM (15S)‐HPETE for 3 h or to 40 μM (15S)‐HETE for 6 h showed increased expression of Fas ligand and FADD (Fas‐associated death domain), caspase 8 activation, Bid (BH3‐interacting domain death agonist) cleavage, decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, PARP‐1 [poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1] cleavage and DNA fragmentation, suggesting the involvement of both extrinsic and intrinsic death pathways. Further studies on ROS (reactive oxygen species) generation revealed the involvement of NADPH oxidase. In conclusion, the present study indicates that NADPH oxidase‐induced ROS generation activates the Fas‐mediated death pathway.
Generation of an affinity matrix useful in the purification of natural inhibitors of plasmepsin II, an antimalarial‐drug target
Authors: Ramírez Angel R. , Guerra Yasel , Otero Anabel , García Beatriz , Berry Colin , Mendiola Judith , Hernández‐Zanui Aida , Chávez María de los A. 
Published: January 2009

An affinity matrix containing the antimalarial drug target Plm II (plasmepsin II) as ligand was generated. This enzyme belongs to the family of Plasmodium (malarial parasite) aspartic proteinases, known as Plms (plasmepsins). The procedure established to obtain the support has two steps: the immobilization of the recombinant proenzyme of Plm II to NHS (N‐hydroxysuccinimide)‐activated Sepharose and the activation of the immobilized enzyme by incubation at pH 4.4 and 37 °C. The coupling reaction resulted in a high percentage immobilization (95.5%), and the matrices obtained had an average of 4.3 mg of protein/ml of gel. The activated matrices, but not the inactive ones, were able to hydrolyse two different chromogenic peptide substrates and haemoglobin. This ability was completely blocked by the addition of the general aspartic‐proteinase inhibitor, pepstatin A, to the reaction mixture. The matrices were useful in the affinity purification of the Plm II inhibitory activity detected in marine invertebrates, such as Xestospongia muta (giant barrel sponge) and the gorgonian (sea‐fan coral) Plexaura homomalla (black sea rod), with increases of 10.2‐ and 5.9‐fold in the specific inhibitory activity respectively. The preliminary Ki values obtained, 46.4 nM (X. muta) and 1.9 nM (P. homomalla), and the concave shapes of the inhibition curves reveal that molecules are reversible tight‐binding inhibitors of Plm II. These results validated the use of the affinity matrix for the purification of Plm II inhibitors from complex mixtures and established the presence of Plm II inhibitors in some marine invertebrates.
Multipronged Intervention Strategy to Control an Outbreak of Clostridium difficile Infection (CDI) and Its Impact on the Rates of CDI from 2002 to 2007
Authors: Weiss Karl , Boisvert Annie , Chagnon Miguel , Duchesne Caroline , Habash Sylvie , Lepage Yves , Letourneau Julie , Raty Johanna , Savoie Michel 
Published: January 2009

Objective.At the end of 2002, a new, more virulent strain of Clostridium difficile, designated BI/NAP1, was the cause of a massive outbreak of infection in the province of Quebec. This particular strain was associated with a dramatic increase in morbidity and mortality among affected patients in 2003–2004. We tested and implemented a multipronged infection control approach to curtail the rate of C. difficile infection (CDI).Design.Five-year observational study.Setting.A 554-bed, acute care tertiary hospital, the largest single medical center in Quebec, Canada.Methods.To curtail the magnitude of the outbreak, we implemented a global strategy consisting of rapid C. difficile testing for all hospitalized patients who had at least 1 occurrence of liquid stool, the rapid isolation of patients infected with C. difficile in a dedicated ward with a specially trained housekeeping team, a global hand hygiene program, and the hiring of infection control practitioners. Antibiotic consumption at the institutional level was also monitored during the 5-year surveillance period. Cases of hospital-acquired CDI per 1,000 admissions were continuously monitored on a monthly basis during the entire surveillance period.Results.The highest recorded CDI rate was 42 cases per 1,000 admissions in January 2004. Once additional infection control resources were put in place, the rate descreased significantly during the period from April 2005 to March 2007. During the 2003–2004 period, there were 762 cases of CDI (mean annual rate, 37.28 cases per 1,000 admissions) recorded in our study, compared with 292 cases of CDI (14.48 cases per 1,000 admissions) during the 2006–2007 period (OR, 0.379 [95% CI, 0.331–0.435]; P < .001 ), a 61% reduction. In March 2007, the equivalent of 4 full-time equivalent infection control practitioners were in place, which gave a ratio of 0.96 infection control practitioners per 133 beds in use, compared with the ratio of 0.24 infection control practitioners per 133 beds in use in 2003, and the total number of hours dedicated to cleaning and housekeeping increased by 26.2%. The total amount of antibiotics used in the hospital did not vary significantly from 2002 to 2007, although there were changes in the classes antibiotic used.Conclusion.The implementation of a multipronged intervention strategy to control the outbreak of CDI significantly improved the overall situation at the hospital and underlined the importance of investing in stringent infection control practices.