bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Calcified Cartilage on Healing of Chondral Defects Treated with Microfracture in Horses
Authors: Frisbie David D. , Morisset Sophie , Ho Charles P. , Rodkey William G. , Steadman J. Richard , Mcllwraith C. Wayne 
Published: July 2006

Background Microfracture of full-thickness articular defects has been shown to significantly enhance the amount of repair tissue. However, there is a suggestion that leaving calcified cartilage inhibits this repair response. Hypothesis Removal of the calcified cartilage with retention of subchondral bone enhances the amount of attachment of the repair tissue compared with retention of the calcified cartilage layer. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods There were 1-cm2 articular cartilage defects made in 12 skeletally mature horses on the axial weightbearing portion of both medial femoral condyles. Using a custom measuring device and direct arthroscopic observation of the subchondral bone beneath the calcified cartilage layer, the authors removed the calcified cartilage from 1 defect of each horse. The repair was assessed with arthroscopy, clinical examination, radiographic and magnetic resonance imaging examinations, biopsy at 4 months, gross and histopathologic examinations at 12 months, as well as mRNA and immunohistochemical evaluations. Results Removal of calcified cartilage with retention of the subchondral bone plate increased the overall repair tissue as assessed by arthroscopic (4 months) and gross evaluation (12 months). An increase in the level of the subchondral bone was also observed with removal of the calcified cartilage layer. The clinical pain, radiographic examinations, magnetic resonance imaging evaluations, histologic character, matrix proteins, or mRNA expression do not appear to differ based on level of defect debridement. Clinical Relevance Removal of the calcified cartilage layer appears to provide optimal amount and attachment of repair tissue. Therefore, close arthroscopic visualization is recommended for debridement of clinical lesions to ensure removal of the calcified cartilage layer.
Something you can actually pick up
Authors: Hof Karina 
Published: July 2006

This article is an ethnographic study of scrapbooking as a community of practice. Through interviews with practitioners of the contemporary craft both in the United States and The Netherlands, as well as by analysing surveys, internet resources and secondary literature, it seeks to describe how scrapbooking is both a form and forum of cultural citizenship. Cultural citizenship is understood as the way in which members of this interpretive community enjoy privileges and fulfil duties in a communal, capitalist and, above all, gendered society. As an output-oriented practice that values the personal touch as well as a community spirit, scrapbooking offers a spectacular way for women to self-reflect on their identities as cultural citizens.
Assay of the von Willebrand factor (VWF) propeptide to identify patients with type 1 von Willebrand disease with decreased VWF survival
Authors: Haberichter Sandra L. , Balistreri Michael , Christopherson Pamela , Morateck Patricia , Gavazova Stefana , Bellissimo Daniel B. , Manco-Johnson Marilyn J. , Gill Joan Cox , Montgomery Robert R. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Type 1 von Willebrand disease (VWD) is characterized by a partial quantitative deficiency of von Willebrand factor (VWF). Few VWF gene mutations have been identified that cause dominant type 1 VWD. The decreased survival of VWF in plasma has recently been identified as a novel mechanism for type 1 VWD. We report 4 families with moderately severe type 1 VWD characterized by low plasma VWF:Ag and FVIII:C levels, proportionately low VWF:RCo, and dominant inheritance. A decreased survival of VWF in affected individuals was identified with VWF half-lives of 1 to 3 hours, whereas the half-life of VWF propeptide (VWFpp) was normal. DNA sequencing revealed a single (heterozygous) VWF mutation in affected individuals, S2179F in 2 families, and W1144G in 2 families, neither of which has been previously reported. We show that the ratio of steady-state plasma VWFpp to VWF:Ag can be used to identify patients with a shortened VWF half-life. An increased ratio distinguished affected from unaffected individuals in all families. A significantly increased VWFpp/VWF:Ag ratio together with reduced VWF:Ag may indicate the presence of a true genetic defect and decreased VWF survival phenotype. This phenotype may require an altered clinical therapeutic approach, and we propose to refer to this phenotype as type-1C VWD.
Presence of neutrophil-bearing antigen in lymphoid organs of immune mice
Authors: Maletto Belkys A. , Ropolo Andrea S. , Alignani Diego O. , Liscovsky Miriam V. , Ranocchia Romina P. , Moron Victor Gabriel , Pistoresi-Palencia María C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNeutrophils play a crucial early role during the innate response, but little is known about their possible contribution when an adaptive immune response is installed. A robust neutrophilia and a T helper 1 (Th1) immune response are present after immunization with Complete Freund Adjuvant (CFA). We show that when FITC-labeled OVA was injected into the footpad of OVA/CFA immunized mice, the main OVA-FITC+ cells recruited in draining popliteal lymph nodes (LNs) were neutrophils, with most of them arriving at the LN by means of lymphatic vessels. The development of this OVA-FITC+ neutrophil influx requires an immune response against OVA. The OVA-FITC+ neutrophils present in LNs displayed mainly intracellular TNF-α, and their depletion resulted in an increase in the specific IL-5 levels. These data provide new evidence about the role played by neutrophils in vivo in adaptive immunity.
Ex vivo gene therapy with lentiviral vectors rescues adenosine deaminase (ADA)–deficient mice and corrects their immune and metabolic defects
Authors: Mortellaro Alessandra , Hernandez Raisa Jofra , Guerrini Matteo M. , Carlucci Filippo , Tabucchi Antonella , Ponzoni Maurilio , Sanvito Francesca , Doglioni Claudio , Serio Clelia Di , Biasco Luca , Follenzi Antonia , Naldini Luigi , Bordignon Claudio , Roncarolo Maria Grazia , Aiuti Alessandro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAdenosine deaminase (ADA) deficiency is caused by a purine metabolic dysfunction, leading to severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) and multiple organ damage. To investigate the efficacy of ex vivo gene therapy with self-inactivating lentiviral vectors (LVs) in correcting this complex phenotype, we used an ADA–/– mouse model characterized by early postnatal lethality. LV-mediated ADA gene transfer into bone marrow cells combined with low-dose irradiation rescued mice from lethality and restored their growth, as did transplantation of wild-type bone marrow. Mixed chimerism with multilineage engraftment of transduced cells was detected in the long term in animals that underwent transplantation. ADA activity was normalized in lymphocytes and partially corrected in red blood cells (RBCs), resulting in full metabolic detoxification and prevention of severe pulmonary insufficiency. Moreover, gene therapy restored normal lymphoid differentiation and immune functions, including antigen-specific antibody production. Similar degrees of detoxification and immune reconstitution were obtained in mice treated early after birth or after 1 month of enzyme-replacement therapy, mimicking 2 potential applications for ADA-SCID. Overall, this study demonstrates the efficacy of LV gene transfer in correcting both the immunological and metabolic phenotypes of ADA-SCID and supports the future clinical use of this approach.
Quaternary structure predictions of transmembrane proteins starting from the monomer: a docking-based approach
Authors: Casciari D , Seeber M , Fanelli F 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
We introduce a computational protocol for effective predictions of the supramolecular organization of integral transmembrane proteins, starting from the monomer. Despite the demonstrated constitutive and functional importance of supramolecular assemblies of transmembrane subunits or proteins, effective tools for structure predictions of such assemblies are still lacking. Our computational approach consists in rigid-body docking samplings, starting from the docking of two identical copies of a given monomer. Each docking run is followed by membrane topology filtering and cluster analysis. Prediction of the native oligomer is therefore accomplished by a number of progressive growing steps, each made of one docking run, filtering and cluster analysis. With this approach, knowledge about the oligomerization status of the protein is required neither for improving sampling nor for the filtering step. Furthermore, there are no size-limitations in the systems under study, which are not limited to the transmembrane domains but include also the water-soluble portions.

Results
Benchmarks of the approach were done on ten homo-oligomeric membrane proteins with known quaternary structure. For all these systems, predictions led to native-like quaternary structures, i.e. with Cα-RMSDs lower than 2.5 Å from the native oligomer, regardless of the resolution of the structural models.

Conclusion
Collectively, the results of this study emphasize the effectiveness of the prediction protocol that will be extensively challenged in quaternary structure predictions of other integral membrane proteins.
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 decreases breast cancer cell motility, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase expression
Authors: Larkins Teri L , Nowell Marchele , Singh Shailesh , Sanford Gary L 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the formation of prostaglandins. The inducible isoform of COX (COX-2) is highly expressed in aggressive metastatic breast cancers and may play a critical role in cancer progression (i.e. growth and metastasis). However, the exact mechanism(s) for COX-2-enhanced metastasis has yet to be clearly defined. It is well established that one of the direct results of COX-2 action is increased prostaglandin production, especially prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Here, we correlate the inhibition of COX-2 activity with decreased breast cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) expression.

Methods
Breast cancer cells (Hs578T, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were treated with selective COX-2 inhibitors (NS-398 and Niflumic acid, NA). Cell proliferation was measured by staining with erythrosin B and counting the viable cells using a hemacytometer. Cell migration and invasion were measured using migration and invasion chamber systems. MMP expression was determined by enzyme immunoassay (secreted protein) and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (mRNA).

Results
Our results show that there is a decline in proliferation, migration and invasion by the Hs578T and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines in the presence of either low concentrations (1 μM or lower) NA or NS-398. We also report that MMP mRNA and protein expression by Hs578T cells is inhibited by NS-398; there was a 50% decrease by 100 μM NS-398. PGE2 completely reversed the inhibitory effect of NS-398 on MMP mRNA expression.

Conclusion
Our data suggests that COX-2-dependent activity is a necessary component for cellular and molecular mechanisms of breast cancer cell motility and invasion. COX-2 activity also modulates the expression of MMPs, which may be a part of the molecular mechanism by which COX-2 promotes cell invasion and migration. The studies suggest that COX-2 assists in determining and defining the metastatic signaling pathways that promote the breast cancer progression to metastasis.
Hydrogeochemistry of seasonal variation of Urmia Salt Lake, Iran
Authors: Alipour Samad 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Urmia Lake has been designated as an international park by the United Nations. The lake occupies a 5700 km2 depression in northwestern Iran. Thirteen permanent rivers flow into the lake. Water level in the lake has been decreased 3.5 m in the last decade due to a shortage of precipitation and progressively dry climate. Geologically the lake basin is considered to be a graben of tectonic origin. Na, K, Ca, Li and Mg are the main cations with Cl, SO4, and HCO3 as the main anions. F & Br are the other main elements in the lake. A causeway crossing the lake is under construction, which may affect the lake's annual geochemistry. The main object of this project is mainly to consider the potential of K-mineral production along with ongoing salt production.
Seven hundred and four samples were taken and partially analyzed for the main cations and anions. Surface water (0.5 m. depth) was analyzed for Na, K, Mg, Ca, Br and Li, and averaged 87.118 g/lit, 1.48 g/lit, 4.82 g/lit, 4.54 g/lit, 1.19 ppm and 12.7 ppm respectively for the western half of the lake. Sodium ranged between 84 to 91.2 g/lit, and showed higher concentrations in the south than in the north. This unexpected result may be caused by shallower depth in the south and a higher net evaporation effect. Calcium ranged between 4.2 to 5 g/lit, apparently slightly higher in the north. K is higher in the south, possibly due to rivers entering from south that may carry slightly higher K in solution.
In the middle-range samples (0.5–5 m.), K averaged 1.43 g/lit and ranged from 1.40 to 1.46 g/lit. At this intermediate depth the distribution of K is clearly higher to the south of the causeway that is currently under construction. It is not clear whether this increase is the effect of the causeway or the effect of the salty Aji-Chay River to the east, and the Khoy salt domes to the north of the lake. At depth (5 m–10 m), K averaged 1.48 g/lit and ranged from 1.4 to 1.49 g/lit, differing only in the second decimal from the average of the middle and surface samples.
Ignoring the small difference between the averages of the three sample depths, the distribution of K is highly homogeneous in the lake water due to the mixing process. Therefore causeway construction has not yet strongly affected K distribution, or it may be at the starting point. Magnesium concentration ranged from 4.6 to 5-g/lit, and was elevated in the south. This differs somewhat compared to calcium. Lithium, with an average of 12–13 ppm, is slightly higher in the south, and has not shown any significant variation in all three seasons. Iodine was below the detection limit in the lake.
Urmia Lake, geochemically, is highly uniform both to the south and north of the causeway, in both the surface and deep brines. K and Mg, which average 1.48 and 6.6 g/lit in order, could be elements worth production in addition to the NaCl currently being produced from the lake. Br, F, Li and B in the limit of <50 ppm don't look to be in the economical range.
Impairment of chondrocyte biosynthetic activity by exposure to 3-tesla high-field magnetic resonance imaging is temporary
Authors: Sunk Ilse-Gerlinde , Trattnig Siegfried , Graninger Winfried B , Amoyo Love , Tuerk Birgit , Steiner Carl-Walter , Smolen Josef S , Bobacz Klaus 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe influence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) devices at high field strengths on living tissues is unknown. We investigated the effects of a 3-tesla electromagnetic field (EMF) on the biosynthetic activity of bovine articular cartilage. Bovine articular cartilage was obtained from juvenile and adult animals. Whole joints or cartilage explants were subjected to a pulsed 3-tesla EMF; controls were left unexposed. Synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) was measured by using [35S]sulfate incorporation; mRNA encoding the cartilage markers aggrecan and type II collagen, as well as IL-1β, were analyzed by RT–PCR. Furthermore, effects of the 3-tesla EMF were determined over the course of time directly after exposure (day 0) and at days 3 and 6. In addition, the influence of a 1.5-tesla EMF on cartilage sGAG synthesis was evaluated. Chondrocyte cell death was assessed by staining with Annexin V and TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL). Exposure to the EMF resulted in a significant decrease in cartilage macromolecule synthesis. Gene expression of both aggrecan and IL-1β, but not of collagen type II, was reduced in comparison with controls. Staining with Annexin V and TUNEL revealed no evidence of cell death. Interestingly, chondrocytes regained their biosynthetic activity within 3 days after exposure, as shown by proteoglycan synthesis rate and mRNA expression levels. Cartilage samples exposed to a 1.5-tesla EMF remained unaffected. Although MRI devices with a field strength of more than 1.5 T provide a better signal-to-noise ratio and thereby higher spatial resolution, their high field strength impairs the biosynthetic activity of articular chondrocytes in vitro. Although this decrease in biosynthetic activity seems to be transient, articular cartilage exposed to high-energy EMF may become vulnerable to damage.
Photobehavior of Crystalline 4-Styrylcoumarin Dimorphs: Structure-Reactivity Correlations
Authors: Moorthy Jarugu Narasimha , Venkatesan Kailasam 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
4-Styrylcoumarin crystallizes from chloroform and hexane mixture in two morphologically different modifications. The monoclinic form (needles, P21/c) undergoes stereospecific photodimerization producing anti head-to-tail dimer across pyrone double bond, whereas the triclinic modification (prisms, ) dimerizes yielding photodimer of the same configuration, but across styrenic double bond. Single crystal X-ray analyses of the dimorphs reveal the packing differences permitting rationalization of the regio- and stereochemistry of the photoproducts. The significantly low dimer yield from the prismatic crystals is rationalized.
Synthesis of trans(N)-Carbonatobis(N,N-dimethylglycinato)cobaltate(III) by Decarboxylation of N,N-Dimethylglycine
Authors: Kojima Masaaki , Saito Reiko , Nakajima Kiyohiko , Ouyang Yishan , Fujita Junnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Trans(N)-[Co(CO3)(dmgly)2]− and trans(N)-[Co(ox)(dmgly)2]− were prepared and characterized by absorption, circular dichroism, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectra, where Hdmgly and H2ox denote N,N-dimethylglycine and oxalic acid, respectively. The carbonato complex was yielded by the reaction of [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2 and Hdmgly without addition of carbonate or hydrogencarbonate ions; decarboxylation of Hdmgly followed by substitution with CO32− was suggested. The molecular structure of spontaneously resolved (+)589-trans(N)-K[Co(CO3)(dmgly)2]·H2O was determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The crystal data and final R value are: orthorhombic, P212121, a = 15.483(1), b = 15.624(2), c = 6.092(1) Å, V = 1473.7(3) Å3, Z = 4, R = 0.022 for 2390 reflections. The crystal used had the Λ configuration. The mean Co–N bond length, 1.996 (2) Å is longer than the usual Co–N (primary amine) bond length by 0.03—0.08 Å due to the steric repulsion between the methyl groups and other ligands.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Thiosulfate Based on an Oxidation Reaction in the Presence of Formaldehyde with Iodine in the Organic Phase
Authors: Koh Tomozo , Wakabayashi Hideki , Yonemura Yasunobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aqueous thiosulfate was shaken in the presence of large amounts of sulfuric acid and formaldehyde with iodine in carbon tetrachloride; thereby, one mol of thiosulfate reacted with one mol of iodine. The organic phase was separated, the excess of iodine was extracted into an aqueous iodide solution as triiodide and the absorbance of the liberated triiodide was measured at 350 nm. The calibration plot obtained for thiosulfate did not form a linear graph and was not affected by a change in the volume of 10 to 27 cm3 of the sample solution. The proposed method could be applied to the determination of thiosulfate in the concentration ranges 5 × 10−7—3.4 × 10−5 mol dm−3 (0.056—3.81 ppm) for a 10 cm3 thiosulfate solution and 1.9 × 10−7—1.36 × 10−5 mol dm−3 (0.021—1.52 ppm) for a 25 cm3 thiosulfate solution. Good recoveries of thiosulfate from hot-spring and lake-water samples, to which various known amounts of thiosulfate had been added, was achieved and the relative standard deviation was 0.86% at the 5.42 × 10−6 mol dm−3 (0.608 ppm) thiosulfate level when applied to a hot-spring sample.
Mössbauer Spectra and Crystal Structure of Dinuclear Iron(II,III) Complex [Fe2(bpmp)(ena)2](BF4)2 of a Septadentate Polypyridine Ligand (Hbpmp): An Example of Fast Electron Interexchange
Authors: Maeda Yonezo , Tanigawa Yuichi , Matsumoto Naohide , Oshio Hiroki , Suzuki Masatatu , Takashima Yoshimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Mössbauer spectra, magnetic susceptibilities, cyclic voltammograms, and electronic spectra of the dinuclear iron(II,III) complex, [Fe2(bpmp)(ena)2](BF4)2, were measured and the crystal structure was determined at 293 K, where Hbpmp represents 2,6-bis[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)aminoethyl]-4-methylphenol and Hena is heptanoic acid. The valence states of the irons of the complex are localized below about 200 K in the Mössbauer time scale (10−7 s), and are delocalized above 260 K. The activation energy of the electron interexchange between Fe2+ and Fe3+ was evaluated to be 15 kJ mol−1 at between 200 and 230 K based on an analysis of the Mössbauer spectra. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P2/c, with a = 10.129(4), b = 23.295(30), c = 11.324(7) Å, β = 104.55(4)°, dcalc = 1.34 g cm−3, Z = 2, and molecular formula Fe2F8O5N6C47B2H59. The structure was solved by the heavy-atom method and was refined anisotropically by the least-squares method, employing 1981 unique reflections with |F| &gt; 4σ(Fo). The hydrogen atoms of bpmp were located and refined by an isotropic approximation. The final R and Rw were 7.0 and 8.2%, respectively. The Fe–Fe distance was 3.365 Å, the average Fe–O value 2.033 Å, the average Fe–N value 2.188 Å, and the Fe–O–Fe angle 112.3(4)°. These values support the idea that both iron atoms are in an averaged valence state at 293 K.
Ab initio Study of the Relationship between the Pressure and the Change in the Dipole Moment of a Molecule in a Ferroelectric Crystal
Authors: Kubota Hiroshi , Aoki Yuriko , Imamura Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The typical properties of a ferroelectric material are piezoelectricity and pyroelectricity. In this study we considered in detail the relationship between the pressure and the change in the dipole moment of a molecule in a ferroelectric crystal from the standpoint of piezoelectricity. We applied ab initio molecular orbital calculations involving the crystal effect to the orthorhombic thiourea ((NH2)2CS) crystal model as the ferroelectric crystal model. The molecular structure obtained by this calculation was in fairly good agreement with the result obtained by X-ray analysis. In order to investigate the substituent effects, we calculated a hypothetical orthorhombic N,N′-difluorothiourea ((NHF)2CS) crystal model in a similar manner.
The Synthesis and Cyclodehydration of 4-(3-Aryl-1,3-dioxopropyl)-5-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazoles. Novel Substituted Pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,2,3]triazoles
Authors: Marei Mohamed Gaber , El-Ghanam Moneim , Salem Magdi Mohamed 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polyfunctionalized title triazolyl 1,3-diketones have been prepared by the addition-cyclization reaction of sodium azide to 1,5-diaryl-4-pentyne-1,3-diones, in the first instance, in good yields. These intermediate triazoles can readily be cyclodehydrated to the corresponding 3,6-diaryl-4H-pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,2,3]triazol-4-one derivatives. This cyclodehydration furnishes a new method of synthesis of a new class of pyrrolo[1,2-c][1,2,3]triazoles. The structures of the above compounds were confirmed from their spectral characteristics.
Trichloroisocyanuric Acid Oxidation of 2-Chloro Aldehyde Acetals to 2-Chloro Acid Esters
Authors: Boni Monica , Ghelfi Franco , Pagnoni Ugo Maria , Pinetti Adriano 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Chloro acid methyl esters were prepared in good yields treating 2-chloro aldehyde dimethyl acetals with trichloroisocyanuric acid in DMF. Aldehyde dimethyl acetals with the 2-halogen on a tertiary carbon atom were poorly reactive and could be oxidized effeciently only after their transformation into 1,3-dioxolanes.