bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Healthy Lifestyles In Ontario Family Health Networks
Authors: Brauer Paula , Schneider Theresa , Preece Christine , Northmore Deborah , West Eva , Dietrich Linda , Davidson Bridget ,   Steering Committee
Published: May 2007

Purpose: Primary health care reform presents new opportunities for registered dietitians (RDs) to contribute to health promotion and disease prevention in family practices. Since this is an emerging area of RD practice, a health promotion specialist was contracted to conduct a needs assessment and develop a plan for implementing nutrition-focused healthy lifestyle activities. Methods: The needs assessment was conducted as part of an Ontario-based demonstration project in three Family Health Networks (FHNs). Results: The needs assessment revealed a lack of agreement about what types of activities should be undertaken, a lack of information on the population's needs, a lack of coordination with other agencies in the community, and barriers of time and resources. The health promotion specialist recommended that health care team members in each FHN develop a shared understanding of their goals, and undertake the entire planning and evaluation cycle. Specific strategies were suggested to increase awareness, to provide health education, and to improve environmental support. Conclusions: A significant need exists for conceptual development, planning, testing, and evaluation of disease prevention and health promotion in family physician-based primary health care organizations. The findings may be useful to others interested in increasing the focus on health promotion and disease prevention in such practices.
Enhancing Interdisciplinary Collaboration In Primary Health Care
Authors: Sharp Marsha 
Published: May 2007

Background: Dietitians of Canada has endorsed the Principles and Framework for Enhancing Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Primary Health Care (EICP) created by the EICP Initiative. The Initiative focused on the conditions required for health professionals to work together in the most effective and efficient way, so that they can produce the best health outcomes for individuals and their families – the patients, clients, and consumers of our national health system. The Initiative was spearheaded by a Steering Committee of 11 national health professional organizations, and brought together leaders, health professionals, and key stakeholders in Canada's primary health care system in a change process designed to facilitate more interdisciplinary collaboration. Principles and Framework: In the context of the EICP Initiative, the Principles are values shared by stakeholders. They are critical to the establishment of collaboration and teamwork to achieve the best health outcomes. The elements of the Principles are patient/client engagement, a population health approach, the best possible care and services, access, trust and respect, and effective communication. The Framework builds upon these Principles and is composed of the structural and process elements required to support collaborative primary health care. The elements of the Framework are health human resources, funding, liability, regulation, information and communications technology, management and leadership, and planning and evaluation. Conclusions: The Boards of Directors of the ten health professions leading the EICP Initiative agreed upon the values and key structural and process elements that need to be put in place to enhance interdisciplinary collaboration in Primary Health Care in Canada. Dietitians of Canada will continue to seek opportunities to further the change process started by EICP. Approximately 40 research papers and a toolkit to help primary heath care providers work together have been produced.
Primary Health Care, Mental Health, And the Dietitian's Role
Authors: Davison Karen 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: Individuals with mental illness are at nutritional risk because of health, social, and economic factors. To address this problem, the Canadian Collaborative Mental Health Initiative (CCMHI) and Dietitians of Canada (DC) commissioned the development of a toolkit that outlines the role of the registered dietitian (RD) and advocates for RDs in primary health care (PHC) mental health programs.Methods: The development of the toolkit followed a fourstage process: a comprehensive literature review, a focus group discussion with a national working group, interviews with consumers about RD services, and evaluation of the toolkit.Results: The costs of mental illness in Canada are at least $6.85 billion per year. Currently, little evidence exists on how RD services can reduce these expenses. The focus group identified accessibility as the predominant issue facing individuals with mental illness. To explain consumer experiences with RD services, a three-tier theory based on in-depth interviews was developed. Consumer experiences with RDs occur in five categories: financial concerns, perception of service, status of mental illness, engagement, and self-esteem (tier 1). These are further influenced by five individual and contextual factors, e.g., social environment, the mental illness (tier 2), which are weighed as benefits and barriers instrumental in determining actions (tier 3).Conclusions: The evaluation of the final draft of the RD toolkit confirmed that it reflected the visions of PHC. The toolkit is intended to act as a blueprint for action. Dietitians are encouraged to use its contents to advocate for positions in mental health PHC settings.
Common Ground: The Canadian Collaborative Mental Health Initiative
Authors: Dietrich Linda 
Published: May 2007

Background: As one of 12 participating national health associations, Dietitians of Canada (DC) endorsed the Charter Principles and Commitments created by the Canadian Collaborative Mental Health Initiative (CCMHI). The Chair of the DC Board of Directors signed the Charter, committing DC to work collaboratively to uphold the Principles and actively endorse the Commitments. Achievements: The Initiative's vision, making mental health care work – new places, new partners, new hope, provided the Steering Committee with a clear direction. The CCMHI Charter Principles cover promotion and prevention, a holistic approach, collaboration, partnership, respect, information exchange, and resources. In addition to the Charter, the CCMHI has produced a series of 12 toolkits and research papers. The toolkits are practical pieces that also contain ideas and other information. Dietitians of Canada has developed a toolkit that examines the dietitian's role in primary health care mental health programs. A set of reviews of the practice of collaborative mental health care in Canada covers a wide range of issues, from the attributes of effective collaborative care to a discussion of the barriers to collaboration. Conclusion: Communications between the 12 member organizations are ongoing, and the organizations await the establishment of the Canadian Mental Health Commission, which is expected to be up and running in fall 2006.
Is There a Link Between Postpartum Anemia And Discontinuation of Breastfeeding?
Authors: Rioux France M. , Savoie Nadya , Allard Jacques 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: Factors associated with early cessation of breastfeeding were identified and patterns of infant feeding were examined. Feeding practices were compared with the 1998 guidelines in Nutrition for Healthy Term Infants and with recent Health Canada recommendations. Methods: To recruit participants, a letter was sent to every mother (n=424) who gave birth at Dr. Georges-L. Dumont Regional Hospital in Moncton from April 1998 to February 1999. Eighty-five mothers agreed to participate with their infants. Information on infant feeding patterns and socioeconomic background was gathered with semi-structured questionnaires. Only healthy infants from singleton pregnancies were included in this study. Results: At birth, almost 83% of infants were breastfed. The proportions of infants breastfed for at least four, six, and nine months were 43%, 22%, and 9%, respectively. As many as 34% of infants were introduced to baby cereals before age four months, and 21% were introduced to cow’s milk before age nine months. Lower family income, lower level of parental education, and reduced postpartum hemoglobin level (below 95 g/L) were associated with discontinuation of breastfeeding before infants were four months old. Conclusions: Early postpartum nutrition interventions may be effective in ensuring follow-up care for mothers with compromised iron status, in supporting breastfeeding for at least six months, and in promoting better infant feeding practices.
Traditional Versus Room Service Menu Styles For Pediatric Patients
Authors: Wadden Krista , Wolf Bernice , Mayhew Alain 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To compare patient satisfaction with a room service (RS) menu style versus a traditional menu (TM) in a Canadian pediatric hospital. Methods: A sample of 20 subjects (Group A) was surveyed before implementation of the RS menu and a second sample of 20 subjects (Group B) was surveyed after implementation. Results: All subjects in Group B rated overall satisfaction with meals as greatly exceeding or exceeding expectations after implementing the new menu style. Also, 65% of Group B subjects rated quality of food as greatly exceeding or exceeding their expectations after the intervention. Conclusions: To improve meal satisfaction for pediatric oncology and hemodialysis patients, the RS menu style is a worthwhile option.
Dietitians’ Opinions and ExperiencesOf Client-Centred Nutrition Counselling
Authors: MacLellan Debbie L. , Berenbaum Shawna 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: The concept of “client-centredness” was explored within a nutrition counselling relationship.Methods: A two-round reactive Delphi survey was used. The first survey was sent to 65 Dietitians of Canada members who indicated in the member database that they had advanced counselling skills. Following analysis of the data, the secondround questionnaire was developed and sent to participants with a report of the first-round results. Analysis of the secondround survey indicated that participants’ responses had remained stable, and the Delphi survey was terminated.Results: Participants agreed that most of the issues identified in the Delphi questionnaire should be included in a client-centred approach to practice; however, when participants were asked about their experience in these areas, median responses and/ or the interquartile ranges changed, indicating some difficulty in implementing the client-centred approach. Comments also indicated that the reality of their workplaces did not allow participants to be as client-centred as they thought they should be, and suggested that the concept of “client-centredness” is not universally understood by dietitians.Conclusion: If a client-centred approach to practice is truly important, we need to start a dialogue within the profession to gain a deeper understanding of what this means and how it can be implemented.
Widespread Micronutrient Inadequacies Among Adults in Prince Edward Island
Authors: Taylor Jennifer P. , MacLellan Debbie L. , Van Til Linda , Sweet Lamont 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: The prevalence of micronutrient inadequacies was assessed among adult residents of Prince Edward Island (PEI) in the PEI Nutrition Survey. Methods: A peer-reviewed protocol was used in this crosssectional survey, in which 24-hour recalls were administered during in-home interviews. A stratified random sample of 1,995 adults aged 18 to 74 participated. Median nutrient intakes with and without supplements were calculated; intakes were adjusted for day-to-day variability. Chi-square testing was used to assess differences in prevalence of inadequacy by age and sex. Results: Most of the sample (more than 90%) had folate intakes below the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR). Magnesium and vitamin C intakes were low in more than 50% of the sample. Iron intakes were adequate in all groups except women aged 19 to 50, 29% of whom had intakes below the EAR. Women were more likely than men to have inadequate intakes. Median calcium intakes fell below recommendations for all age and sex groups. Supplement use had little impact on dietary adequacy in this sample. Conclusions: This study underscores the need for public health interventions designed to reduce the very high prevalence of nutrient inadequacies in the PEI adult population. In addition, education is needed on the selection of appropriate vitamin and mineral supplements.
Once upon a time…. Storytelling to Enhance Teaching and Learning
Authors: Lordly Daphne 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: The impact of storytelling in the classroom was examined, as was what motivates individuals to engage in storytelling. Methods: A storytelling methodology was introduced in an undergraduate nutrition course as an opportunity to enhance the teaching and learning environment. A 28-item, multi-part, self-administered survey was then distributed to the class (n=17). Results: Survey responses (n=15, 88% response) indicate that educators’ and students’ storytelling can positively influence the learning environment. This occurs through the creation of a greater focus on personalized information, glimpses of real-life experience, a connection with a topic as participants recognize similarities in their own personal experience and knowledge, and connections between different topics and through the emphasis on key concepts. Stories initiate useful conversations about unexplored struggles within practice, such as the emotional dimension(s) of an issue or what it means to be professional. Students are motivated to participate in storytelling through an external focus on others (i.e., helping others to learn) and an internal focus on self (i.e., seeking a connection with others to promote social dialogue). Several challenges related to the use of storytelling in the classroom emerged. Conclusions: Storytelling develops ways of knowing and dialoguing about issues, which has the potential to influence how students will approach their professional practice.
Oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum: Associated anomalies, functional deficits and possible developmental risk factors
Authors: Strömland Kerstin , Miller Marilyn , Sjögreen Lotta , Johansson Maria , Joelsson Britt‐Marie Ekman , Billstedt Eva , Gillberg Christopher , Danielsson Susanna , Jacobsson Catharina , Andersson‐Norinder Jan , Granström Gösta 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSwedish patients with the oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral (OAV) spectrum participated in a prospective multidisciplinary investigation. The aims of the study were to describe their systemic and functional defects, especially autism spectrum disorders, and to search for possible etiologic risk factors. Available medical records were studied and the mothers answered a questionnaire on history of prenatal events. A clinical examination evaluating systemic findings, vision, hearing, speech, oral and swallowing function, and neuropsychiatric function, especially autism, was made. Eighteen patients, (11 males, 7 females) aged 8 months to 17 years with OAV were studied. Most frequent systemic malformations included, ear abnormalities (100%), ocular malformations (72%), vertebral deformities (67%), cerebral anomalies (50%), and congenital heart defects (33%). Functional defects consisted of hearing impairment (83%), visual impairment (28%), both visual and hearing impairment (28%), difficulties in feeding/eating (50%), speech (53%), mental retardation (39%), and severe autistic symptoms (11%). Three children were born following assisted fertilization (two intracytoplasmatic sperm injection, one in vitro fertilization), two mothers reported early bleedings, and six (33%) mothers had smoked during pregnancy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chorea associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a patient with Kabuki syndrome
Authors: Gidwani Pooja , Segal Eric , Shanske Alan , Driscoll Catherine 
Published: May 2007

AbstractKabuki syndrome, OMIM 147920 (KS) is a disorder characterized by multi‐system abnormalities. These include physical, neurological, endocrine, and autoimmune abnormalities. Multiple autoimmune abnormalities are described in KS such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), vitiligo, thyroiditis, hemolytic anemia, and hypogammaglobulinemia. In this report, we describe a patient with KS with sudden onset chorea associated with the presence of anti‐phospholipid antibodies (aPLs) in the serum. Chorea in the presence of aPLs has been well described in the literature both in the presence and absence of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This report of APL in a patient with KS adds to the list of autoimmune disorders seen in patients with KS and also strengthens the hypothesis that patients with this syndrome have an increased incidence of immune dysregulation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous or Mycobacterium tuberculosis‐induced apoptotic neutrophils exert opposite effects on the dendritic cell‐mediated immune response
Authors: Alemán Mercedes , de la Barrera Silvia , Schierloh Pablo , Yokobori Noemí , Baldini Matías , Musella Rosa , Abbate Eduardo , Sasiain María 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) modulate the adaptive immune response through interactions with immature dendritic cells (iDC) while spontaneous apoptotic neutrophils PMNapo (PMNapo) may have an inhibitory effect on DC functions. We investigate the effect exerted by PMNapo in DC maturation and the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)‐induced PMNapo in the cross‐presentation of mycobacterial antigens. We demonstrate that Mtb triggers the maturation of iDC while it is impaired by the presence of PMNapo, which abrogate Mtb‐induced expression of costimulatory and HLA class II molecules, reducing IL‐12 and IFN‐γ release by DC and partially inhibiting Mtb‐driven lymphocyte proliferation. This inhibitory effect is not observed in already Mtb‐matured DC, and it involves a direct interaction between DC and PMNapo, as supernatants from PMNapo cultures do not reveal this effect. Although PMNapo do not alter Mtb/DC‐SIGN interaction, they affect the intracellular signals leading to DC maturation without requiring their entry into DC. Phagocytosis of Mtb‐induced PMNapo by iDC leads to lymphoproliferation, which is significantly reduced by blocking CD36 and not DC‐SIGN on iDC. Therefore, cross‐presentation of Mtb antigens is taking place. Our findings suggest that the inflammatory milieu is subjected to a fine balance between non‐infected and Mtb‐induced PMNapo: non‐infected PMNapo limiting inflammation and Mtb‐induced PMNapo generating a specific immune activity.
CD8α/α homodimers fail to function as co‐receptor for a CD8‐dependent TCR
Authors: McNicol Anne‐Marie , Bendle Gavin , Holler Angelika , Matjeka Theres , Dalton Emma , Rettig Lorna , Zamoyska Rose , Uckert Wolfgang , Xue Shao‐An , Stauss Hans J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study, we have started to dissect the molecular basis of CD8 dependence of a high and low avidity CTL clone specific for the same peptide epitope. Using anti‐CD8α and anti‐CD8β antibodies, we found that cytotoxicity and IFN‐γ production by high but not by low avidity CTL was strongly CD8 dependent. We isolated the TCR genes of both types of CTL clones and used retroviral gene transfer to analyse the function of these TCR in primary T cells of wild‐type and CD8β‐deficient mice. Both TCR triggered antigen‐specific killing in wild‐type T cells, and blocking experiments showed that CD8 dependence/independence co‐transferred with the TCR into primary T cells, indicating that it was dictated by the TCR itself. Gene transfer experiments into CD8β‐deficient T cells revealed that only the TCR derived from the CD8‐independent CTL clone elicited antigen‐specific cytotoxicity, while the CD8‐dependent TCR was non‐functional in the absence of the CD8β‐chain. These data indicate a striking difference between CD8α/β heterodimers and CD8α/α homodimers as only the former were able to provide co‐receptor function for the CD8‐dependent TCR.
Polarization of judgment and preference for judgmental labels
Authors: Van Der Pligt Joop , Van Dijk Jos A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStudied how value connotations of the response language affect the relationship between judges' attitudes and polarization of judgment. Subjects (military conscripts, n = 105) rated 28 statements concerning drug use on 2 types of rating scales. Results indicate that subjects show more polarization on rating scales where their own evaluation of the statement is congruent with the value connotations of the scale labels. In a second experiment 82 subjects (male and female university students) were asked to rank adjectives in order of their suitability to characterize attitude statements. Results imply that value connotations also mediate the relationship between judges' attitude and preference for verbal labels in attributing adjectives to attitude statements. Subsequent analysis suggests that this preference for adjectives that are evaluatively congruent with own attitude, persists even when the adjectives are less correct from a descriptive point of view.
The dimensionality of attributions of causality and responsibility for an accident
Authors: Nogami Glenda Y. , Streufert Siegfried 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEffects of the dimensionality of responsibility and causality attributions were investigated. An accident was described. Subjects cued to respond with causality attributions increased their attributions with event severity. Subjects cued to respond with moral responsibility attributions decreased attributional levels with increasing severity. Assignments of guilt varied specifically with the cued attributional concept.
Compromising between equity and equality: The effects of situational ambiguity and computational complexity
Authors: Debusschere Marc , van Avermaett Eddy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study tested the hypothesis that in situations, incorporating demands for opposing allocation rules, people will only compromise between the relevant rules if the allocational computation is fairly simple. Male secondary‐school pupils were given a description of one of three situations (an unambiguous equality, an unambiguous equity or an ambiguous equality and equity situation), and they were then asked to divide 100 units of reward over four persons in easy or in complex computation circumstances. Instead of the expected interaction between situational ambiguity and complexity the results showed a computational complexity main effect: compromising decreased with complexity. In addition, in the ambiguous conditions, the proportion of equitable distributions was greater in the simple and smaller in the complex condition than the proportion of equal distributions. It was concluded that greater computational complexity not only decreases the amount of compromising, but also induces a preference for equality over equity allocations, if situational demands for equity are not too strong. Both are considered expressions of the same tendency to switch to computationally easier allocations, as allocation computations become more complex.