bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhancing CNN‐LSTM neural networks using jellyfish search algorithm for pandemic modeling
Authors: Feriz Azade Hashemi , Jalali Mehrdad , Forghani Yahya 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThis paper presents a comprehensive three‐step approach (CNN‐JSO‐LSTM) for predictive modeling using a pandemic such as COVID‐19 as a test case. Initially, a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is employed to extract crucial features pertinent to the pandemic. Subsequently, the Jellyfish Search Optimizer (JSO) algorithm is applied for feature selection, identifying the most relevant factors. These chosen features are then inputted into a Long Short‐Term Memory (LSTM) network, responsible for classifying samples into “healthy” and “diseased” categories. Our method enhances LSTM performance using the Jellyfish Search optimizer, resulting in exceptional prediction accuracy. Our experiments achieved remarkable metrics, with an accuracy of 95.32%, high sensitivity (94.87%), and precision (94.28%), surpassing alternative methods. In conclusion, our study presents a promising and highly accurate approach for pandemic prediction, harnessing deep learning and swarm intelligence techniques. These findings suggest a potential for more effective pandemic management and intervention strategies.
Computed Gyration Tensors of Knotted Chiral and Achiral Topological Stereoisomers of C60 Cyclocarbons
Authors: Gustafson Afton , Sburlati Sophia , Kahr Bart 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electronic origins of the computed optical rotations of the simplest chiral and achiral chemical knots with comparatively simple compositions and large, anticipated magnetoelectric polarizabilities are provided. Linear response theory (LRT) is used to calculate the gyration at 1064 nm of two knotted polyyne chains, topological stereoisomers of cyclo[60]carbon. One isomer is analogous to the trefoil knot with approximate D3 symmetry and the other to the figure eight knot with approximate S4 symmetry. The response in each case can be attributed largely to the magnetic dipole term that arises in a near degenerate E‐like excited state. An oriented achiral figure eight knot is as optically active in some directions as the chiral knot in any direction, and its absolute eigenvalues are larger.
Turning Trash Into Treasure: A Simple Protocol for Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Isolation From Used Bone Marrow Collection Kits
Authors: Anasiz Yagiz , Ozgul Riza Koksal , Uckan‐Cetinkaya Duygu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) has been extensively investigated in both preclinical and clinical settings. Recent years have witnessed the emergence of numerous isolation protocols and culture techniques, ranging from the selection of subpopulations to preserve stemness to preconditioning strategies aimed at enhancing therapeutic efficacy, tailored to the specific tissue source. In this protocol, we present a straightforward and cost‐effective method for isolating human MSCs (hMSCs) from discarded bone marrow collection kits (comprising bag and filter systems) originally intended for removing impurities and unwanted cellular debris from the collected bone marrow aspirate, ensuring the purity of the stem cell population during stem cell transplantation. Utilizing basic laboratory equipment, we demonstrate the isolation of hMSCs, highlighting the expression of specific surface antigens, and multilineage differentiation into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. This sustainable and resource‐efficient approach not only contributes to reducing medical waste but also holds promise for advancing regenerative medicine applications. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Basic Protocol 1: Isolation of human mesenchymal stromal cells from bone marrow collection kitsBasic Protocol 2: Culture of human mesenchymal stromal cellsBasic Protocol 3: Characterization of human mesenchymal stromal cells with flow cytometry analysisBasic Protocol 4: Characterization of human mesenchymal stromal cells with multilineage differentiation under in vitro conditions
Breeding for potato cyst nematode resistance in Solanum tuberosum
Authors: Spychalla Pia , De Jong Walter S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo species of potato cyst nematodes (PCNs), Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) and Globodera pallida (Stone), threaten potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production worldwide. PCNs are remarkably persistent in soil and can reduce potato yield significantly. The most sustainable approach to PCN control is deploying resistant cultivars. This review focuses on the knowledge needed to conduct a successful PCN resistance breeding program, including identifying resistance sources in wild species, introgressing them into cultivated potato, and sifting through clones to identify a marketable potato.
Does board knowledge matter for ESG performance in the European banking industry?
Authors: Agnese Paolo , Arduino Francesca Romana , Cerciello Massimiliano , Taddeo Simone 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the influence of the knowledge endowment of directors on the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance in the banking industry. Applying the generalized method of moments (GMM) two‐step analysis, we analyzed a sample of 115 banks listed in Europe between 2014 and 2022. Building on the Resource Based View and Resource Dependence Theory, we find empirical evidence that board knowledge in terms of cultural, industrial, and financial background affects ESG performance in the banking industry, providing several contributions to the extant knowledge management and corporate governance literature. The research is intended to stimulate the development of practical knowledge management strategies inside companies to improve directors' decision‐making toward corporate social responsibility‐oriented initiatives.
Understanding the Hong Kong music curriculum through the lenses of posthumanism, postcolonialism, and poststructural psychoanalysis
Authors: Lam Chi Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe use of “post‐isms” has become increasingly prominent in academic discourse because it offers new perspectives for gaining insight into current developments in human society and the historical dimension of culture. In the Hong Kong educational context, the concept of “post‐isms” has permeated the current music curriculum. The curriculum guide alludes to posthumanist primary interests, was created in the postcolonial state after the return of the sovereignty of Hong Kong from Britain to China in 1997, and is associated with poststructural psychoanalysis that values the subjectivity of listeners. This article investigates the entanglement of the Hong Kong music curriculum and the “post‐isms” from the perspectives of posthumanism, postcolonialism, and poststructural psychoanalysis. It is found that the curriculum guide demonstrates a commitment to ecology/human relations through both cross‐species communication and understanding, as well as pro‐nature humanism. It entangles with the concept of hybridity in postcolonialism and functions as a strategy of disavowal of the colonial legacy and the cultivation of the original national identity. The guide also perceives music as an agency that produces subjectivity by positioning the listener as subject. By investigating the Hong Kong music curriculum through the three lenses, implications for music curriculum development were drawn. It is urged that only when a music curriculum takes into account the multidimensionality of music can it reveal the greatest potential of music.
Awareness, attitudes, and beliefs of dementia in Indonesia
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Hassan Esra , Theresia Imelda , Fitri Fasihah Irfani , Suswanti Ika , Sani Tara Puspitarini , Evans‐Lacko Sara , Banerjee Sube , Turana Yuda 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONTackling dementia stigma is a policy priority. In Indonesia, we have little insight into the general public's knowledge and attitudes about dementia.METHODSCross‐sectional study of 4430 Indonesian adults recruited from Jakarta and North Sumatra, Indonesia. Measures included dementia knowledge and attitudes.RESULTSA total of 86.3% (n = 3,803) of adults had not heard of the terms dementia or Alzheimer's disease, and commonly viewed dementia as a normal part of aging. Being older, incorrect knowledge about etiology, not having heard of the terms dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease, having less than primary education, and being from North Sumatra were associated with more negative attitudes (p‐values < 0.05).DISCUSSIONMisconceptions and lack of awareness about dementia are common in Indonesia. Attitudes tended not to be negative, but our research highlights factors associated with dementia attitudes. Future research should use this information to better tailor and target potential anti‐stigma strategies.Highlights
Most Indonesians had not heard of the terms dementia and/or Alzheimer's disease and thought it was caused by normal aging.
The majority of participants held mixed or positive attitudes towards dementia.
A series of demographic factors alongside poor awareness were associated with negative attitudes towards dementia.
Alzheimer's disease cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and kidney function in normal and cognitively impaired older adults
Authors: Hajjar Ihab , Neal Reem , Yang Zhiyi , Lah James J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONRecent Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials have used cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker levels for screening and enrollment. Preliminary evidence suggests that AD risk is related to impaired renal function. The impact of kidney function on commonly used AD biomarkers remains unknown.METHODSParticipants in studies conducted at the Goizueta Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (N = 973) had measurements of serum creatinine and CSF AD biomarkers. General linear models and individual data were used to assess the relationships between biomarkers and eGFR.RESULTSLower estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was associated with lower amyloid beta (Aβ)42/tau ratio (p < 0.0001) and Aβ42 (p = 0.002) and higher tau (p < 0.0001) and p‐tau (p = 0.0002). The impact of eGFR on AD biomarker levels was more robust in individuals with cognitive impairment (all p‐values were < 0.005).DISCUSSIONThe association between eGFR and CSF AD biomarkers has a significant impact that varies by cognitive status. Future studies exploring this impact on the pathogenesis of AD and related biomarkers are needed.Highlights
There is a significant association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers and both estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI).
Kidney function influences CSF biomarker levels in individuals with normal cognitive function and those with MCI.
The impact of kidney function on AD biomarker levels is more pronounced in individuals with cognitive impairment.
The variation in CSF tau levels is independent of cardiovascular factors and is likely directly related to kidney function.
Tau may have a possible role in both kidney and cognitive function.
“Cell blocking” the parasitic imposter: In a rare case of isolated pulmonary cysticercosis
Authors: Singh Kush Kumar , Kochhar Abhilasha , Bansal Chakshu , Gupta Latika , Malhotra Samir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIsolated pulmonary cysticercosis is a rare manifestation of human cysticercosis which mainly affects central nervous system, skeletal muscles, eyes and subcutaneous tissues. Pulmonary involvement is usually a part of disseminated disease and mainly presents as bilateral pulmonary nodules. We report a rare case of isolated pulmonary cysticercosis presenting as lung cyst with pleural effusion. The diagnosis was made on pleural fluid cytology and cell block preparation. Herein we wish to recapitulate the importance of cell block as a diagnostic aid for parasitic infections, where morphological features and architectural patterns are as clearly discernable as in histopathology.
Latitude or altitude as the future refugium? A case for the future of forests in Asia Minor and its surroundings
Authors: Ekberzade Bikem , Yetemen Omer , Ezber Yasemin , Sen Omer Lutfi , Dalfes Hasan Nuzhet 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAt the current juncture with climate change, centennial projections of species distributions in biodiversity hotspots, using dynamic vegetation models may provide vital insight into conservation efforts. This study aims to answer: (1) if climate change progresses under a business‐as‐usual scenario of anthropogenic emissions for this century, how may the forest ranges be affected? (2) will there be potential regional extinctions of the taxa simulated? (3) may any site emerge as a potential refugium? Study Area: Anatolian Peninsula and its surroundings, longitudes 24–50° E, latitudes 33–46° N. Time Period: 1961‐2100. Major Taxa Studied: 25 woody species and a C3 grass‐type. Method: Keeping a spatial window large enough to track potential changes in the vegetation range and composition especially in the mountain ranges within the study area, we parameterized a process‐based regional‐to‐global dynamic vegetation model (LPJ‐GUESS v 4.1), forced it with ERA5‐Land reanalysis for the historical period, and five different bias‐corrected centennial global circulation model (GCM) datasets under SSP5‐8.5, and simulated the dynamic responses of key forest species. Bivariate spatio‐temporal maps from the simulation results were constructed for final analysis. Results: A significant increase in woody taxa biomass for the majority of our study area, towards the end of the century was simulated, where temperate taxa with high tolerance for drought and a wider range of temperatures took dominance. The mountain ranges in our study area stood out as critical potential refugia for cold favoring species. There were no regional extinctions of taxa, however, important changes in areal dominance and potential future forest composition were simulated. Main Conclusions: Our simulation results suggest a high potential for future forest cover in our study region by the end of the century under a high emissions scenario, sans human presence, with important changes in vegetation composition, including encroachment of grasslands ecosystems by woody taxa.
Rehydration of degraded wetlands: Understanding drivers of vegetation community trajectories
Authors: Nocentini Andrea , Redwine Jed , Gaiser Evelyn , Hill Troy , Hoffman Sophia , Kominoski John S. , Sah Jay , Shinde Dilip , Surratt Donatto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDegradation of wetland ecosystems results from loss of hydrologic connectivity, nutrient enrichment, and altered fire regimes, among other factors. It is uncertain how drivers of wetland ecosystem processes and wetland vegetation communities interact in reversing the ecological trajectory from degraded to restored conditions. We analyzed biogeochemical and vegetation data collected in wetlands of the Florida Everglades at the start of (2015) and during (2018 and 2021) the initial stages of rehydration. Our objectives were to analyze the allocation of carbon and nutrients among ecosystem compartments and correlated trajectories of vegetation community change following rehydration, to identify the drivers of change, including fire, and analyze macrophyte species‐specific responses to drivers. We expected to see changes in vegetation toward more hydric communities that would differ based on wetland baseline conditions and the magnitude of the hydrologic change. During the study period, both length of inundation and surface water depth increased throughout wetlands in the region, and four fires occurred, which affected 51% of the sampling locations. We observed biogeochemical shifts in the wetland landscape, driven by both hydrology and fire. Total phosphorus concentrations in soil and flocculent detrital material decreased, while soil carbon:phosphorus and nitrogen:phosphorus mass ratios increased at sites further away from water management infrastructure. Transitions in vegetation communities were driven by an increase in hydroperiods and by the distinct changes in nutrient concentrations or soil stoichiometric ratios in each subregion. The abundance of macrophyte species typical of short‐hydroperiod prairies strongly decreased, while dominant long‐hydroperiod species, such as Eleocharis cellulosa, expanded. Fire facilitated the expansion of thickly vegetated plumes of invasive Typha at sites close to the water inflow sources. Overall, restored hydrology shifted vegetation community composition toward higher abundance of long‐hydroperiod species within six years. In contrast, removal of invasive vegetation controlled by soil phosphorus concentrations will likely require long‐term and interactive restoration strategies.
Management implications of habitat selection by whooping cranes (Grus americana) on the Texas coast
Authors: Lehnen Sarah E. , Sesnie Steven E. , Butler Matthew J. , Pearse Aaron T. , Metzger Kristine L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEffective habitat management for rare and endangered species requires a thorough understanding of their specific habitat requirements. Although machine learning models have been increasingly used in the analyses of habitat use by wildlife, the primary focus of these models has been on generating spatial predictions. In this study, we used machine learning models in combination with simulated management actions to guide planning and inform managers. We used data from 61 whooping cranes (Grus americana) tagged with GPS telemetry collars between 2009 and 2018 near Aransas National Wildlife Refuge in coastal Texas. We included variables based on topography, land use classification, vegetation height, plant phenology, drought, storm surge events, and both wild and prescribed fires. We then built models at multiple scales: population level, home range level, and roosting and daytime within home range level. We simulated responses to the two primary management actions used to enhance whooping crane habitat on Aransas National Wildlife Refuge: prescribed fire and removal of woody vegetation. At the population and home range scales, land use classification variables had the highest importance values, whereas the combined elevation and bathymetry layer was the most important predictor at both roosting and daytime within home range scales. Our findings revealed that the effects of fire, although generally modest, varied spatially. Areas dominated by estuarine wetlands exhibited higher predicted use within the first months after a fire, whereas those dominated by palustrine wetlands were more likely to be avoided in the immediate postfire years. Our simulation of vegetation removal identified the areas on Aransas National Wildlife Refuge where whooping cranes were predicted to benefit the most if vegetation were removed. These techniques can be used by other researchers wanting to examine and predict the effects of potential management actions on target species habitat.
Idiosyncrasy and predictability in intraspecific trait–climate relationships of grasses
Authors: Sandel Brody , Griffin‐Nolan Robert J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany plant species can exhibit remarkable variation in leaf characteristics, depending on their abiotic and biotic environment. Environmental changes therefore have the potential to alter leaf traits, which in turn scale up to influence ecosystem processes including net primary productivity, susceptibility to fire, and palatability to herbivores. It is not well understood how consistent trait–environment relationships are among species, across sites and over time. This presents a fundamental challenge for functional ecology, because no study can measure all relevant species in all places at all times. Thus, understanding the limits of transferability is critical. We collected leaf trait measurements on 13 species of grass (family: Poaceae) across 11 sites and five years (n = 3091 individuals). Sites were arrayed along a spatial precipitation gradient in coastal northern California (annual precipitation of 590–1350 mm) with substantial interannual precipitation variability (from 60% below the 30‐year average to 100% above average). Temporal and spatial linear relationships between precipitation and specific leaf area (SLA) appear at first idiosyncratic, with each species sometimes displaying positive and sometimes negative responses. However, this variation arises from sampling different portions of an underlying hump‐shaped relationship, which was shared across most species. This hump‐shaped relationship was driven primarily by changes in leaf tissue density. These results suggest the potential for transferability among species, as well as between space and time, as long as the gradients are sufficiently long to capture the nonlinear response. Future work could explore the physiological basis of the nonlinear SLA response, including the possibility that distinct physiological mechanisms are operating at the two extremes of the gradient.
Flow similarity model predicts allometric size dependence, curvature, and covariation of 285 North American tree species
Authors: Price Charles A. , Schroeder Todd A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScaling patterns in plants have long interested biologists, particularly whether different species share similar patterns of growth, and whether differences in growth trajectories depend on plant size. Using 8,794,737 measurements for 285 species from the U.S. Forest Inventory and Analysis database, we test several predictions emerging from a recently published “flow similarity” model for plant growth and allometry. We show that the model's predicted curvature for intraspecific relationships between height, dbh, and biomass is found in 88.1% of examined cases, and empirical slopes fall as predicted between the elastic similarity and flow similarity predictions in 71.1% of cases. We also find a strong size dependence in observed intraspecific allometric exponents, with large species, particularly gymnosperms, converging near the expectation for elastic similarity and the central tendency among small species approaching the expectations for flow similarity in most cases. Our results support the idea that differences in growth patterns across plant species depend on plant size and their attendant hydraulic and/or biomechanical demands and helps to delineate the bounds of the theoretical morphospace in which they occur.