bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ideals in sequential bargaining structures
Authors: Martins Ana Paula 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest possible extensions of the baseline Rubinstein sequential bargaining structure – applied to the negotiation of stationary infinitely termed contracts – that incorporate a direct reference to the “ideal” utilities of the players. This is a feature of the Kalai‐Smorodinsky cooperative solution – even if not of the generalized Nash maximand; it is usually not encountered in non‐cooperative equilibria.Design/methodology/approachFirst, it is argued that different bargaining protocols than conventionally staged are able to incorporate temporary all‐or (and)‐nothing splits of the pie. Scenarios are advanced where such episodes are interpreted either as – out of bargaining – war or unilateral appropriation events, or free experience contracts. Second, some modifications to the Rubinstein infinite horizon paradigm are experimented with, allowing for mixed strategies under alternate offers, and matching or synchronous decisions in a simultaneous (yet, discrete) bargaining environment. Solutions are derived where the reference to the winner‐takes‐it‐all outcome arises as a parallel – out‐of‐the‐protocol – outside option to the status quo point. In some cases, the limiting maximand for instantaneous bargaining was derived.FindingsRubinstein's optimal periodic division in a closed contract remained robust to most of the settings.Originality/valuePresents possible extensions of the baseline Rubinstein sequential bargaining structure.
Economic science: what it is and what the scientists do not tell us
Authors: Kaskarelis Ioannis A. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the view that economic science is invented to support political regimes and not to find solutions to the economic problems of the society.Design/methodology/approachWithout virtue and the sense of justice, science does not serve wisdom, and scientists are not intellectuals but mere professionals who serve their employers, unknown sometimes.FindingsScientists and the political regimes acting in common construct the social conscience and ethical values in their society and era.Practical implicationsScience does not serve the mankind. Economic science serves capitalism and globalization, economists are calculating the size of economic growth but nobody is responsible for declining welfare and deterioration of environmental conditions.Originality/valueHumanistic education is the only that can provide an ethical code to the society and bring science to the status of wisdom and scientists spiritual leaders of the society.
Economics of access in a developing country: an analysis of firm‐conduct in financial services
Authors: Okeahalam Charles 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the impact of industrial concentration on the level of access to financial services in a developing country context. In most studies, price is the only variable that is used to assess conduct. In this paper, we extend the standard approach by assessing the impact of concentration on the level of access to retail financial services in South Africa.Design/methodology/approachTwo regression models have been specified and tested.FindingsIt is found – as with most of the literature – that concentration has an impact on the conduct of retail financial services firms. Specifically, the study illustrates that the pricing of retail banking products in South Africa fits with the structure‐performance hypothesis and secondly, the level of access to services is inadequate, does not meet the needs of consumers and is a symptom of market power and the absence of a competitive market in retail banking.Practical implicationsThe findings imply that there is a need for greater regulatory focus on the enhancement of social welfare in the retail banking sector in South Africa. There is also a need to develop policy and increase provision of basic infrastructure, in particular, electricity so as to reduce the cost of distribution, supply and intermediation of retail bank products.Originality/valueThe key contribution of this paper is that it delineates conduct into two parts. It separately illustrates that concentration in the financial services sector can adversely affect social welfare in two ways. First, as is well known, it increases prices second, it reduces the level of supply and access provided to points of need. This is believed to be the first study to explicitly do this in a developing country context.
Gregory Bateson in contemporary cross‐cultural systemic psychotherapy
Authors: Krause Inga‐Britt 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper seeks to examine the relevance of Bateson's ethnographic work to systemic psychotherapy.Design/methodology/approachThe paper addresses this by examining Bateson's work with the naven ritual practiced by the Iatmul people of New Guinea. Bateson published this work in an ethnography entitled Naven, which has largely been ignored by systemic psychotherapists.FindingsIt is argued that Bateson's early work has been neglected in the field of psychotherapy despite being highly relevant to the development of cross‐cultural approaches in this field. The paper summarises Bateson's arguments in the main body of the book and in the two epilogues which provide Bateson's own commentary on this work. Key concepts such as “context” “pattern” and “ethos” are discussed. The paper also addresses the issues of how psychotherapists and ethnographers have access to the meaning of their interlocutors and outlines some pointers given by Bateson upon which psychotherapists may build in their cross‐cultural work with clients. Bateson's thinking about emotional, sociological and behavioural patterns and the way he involved himself in interpreting these is briefly considered in relation to the work of the anthropologist/sociologist Pierre Bourdieu on the one hand, and the psychoanalyst Wilfred Bion, on the other.Practical implicationsThe theoretical discussion aims to contribute to the development of a rigorous approach to cross‐cultural psychotherapy and to the integration of social science and psychotherapy.Originality/valueThe paper will be of value to systemic psychotherapists, psychotherapists generally, anthropologists, social scientists and clinicians interested in cross‐cultural clinical work and in ethnographic enquiry.
Caught in the middle of a double‐bind: the application of non‐ordinary logic to therapy
Authors: Nardone Giorgio , Portelli Claudette 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to demonstrate the importance of Bateson and colleagues' double bind theory, which has been a breakthrough in the history of psychiatry and human behavior because it freed us from the prison of ordinary logic.Design/methodology/approachThe use of non‐ordinary logic, in understanding and in solving seemingly bizarre, over‐the‐lines human behavior, with its three different components: logic of paradox, logic of contradiction and logic of belief.FindingsThis paper presents the work carried out by the Centro di Terapia Strategica of Arezzo, which following the MRI approach, has put together seemingly simple solution to intimidating complex problems.Practical implicationsWith the help of literature and practical‐clinical examples, this paper puts forward the use of non‐ordinary logic in brief strategic therapy in designing simple solutions to complex human problems such as phobias, obsessive compulsive disorders, presumed psychosis and other pathologies.Originality/valueThis work helps therapists and other care‐gives liberate themselves from the constraining chains of ordinary logic, in order to be able to solve human problems that seem unsolvable.
Practicising psychotherapy employing Gregory Bateson's epistemological models
Authors: Madonna Giovanni 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe task is to report what with more details was exposed in one of the author's recently published works, and consist in trying to develop a new approach to psychotherapy.Design/methodology/approachThe method of this research is to employ Gregory Bateson's epistemological models to acquire new ideas to think and practise psychotherapy.FindingsIn the course of the work it was found that, in a Batesonian perspective, psychotherapy can be considered, at the same time, ethical and aesthetic: ethical because one type of the therapist's action is founded on a conscious purpose; aesthetic because another type of the therapist's action is “spontaneous”.Research limitations/implicationsThe practical implication of these reflections consist in the use of the Batesonian method of double description in psychotherapy.Originality/valueThe original value of the paper is that the ethical nature of Batesonian psychotherapy imposes two different types of responsibility on the therapist: the first concerns the actions he takes based on the extrovert purpose and the second concerns his actions with regard to the introvert purpose, which creates the conditions for the flow of “spontaneous” action.
Second thoughts on Gregory Bateson and Alfred Korzybski
Authors: Günter Holl Hans 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper is intended to show, that Bateson and Korzybski have a strong common ground for their “ecological”, respectively, “anti‐aristotelian” critique of modern mentality insofar, as both reject the metaphysical doctrine of identity, identified by both as “Aristotelianism”. Instead of this, they postulate a concept of the mind based on differences (like the map‐territory‐relation) and patterns or mathematical structures.Design/methodology/approachBy analysing the various facets of Aristotelian tradition, including the critical impact of logic, the paralysing effect of dogmatic scholasticism and the explosive force of negation, the text demonstrate that the identity of substance can, depending on context, promote the adventure of knowledge or forestall it.FindingsThe reflection of context implies, also to reflect the context of context and so forth. After all, there is no justification for postulating substitutes of the absolute such as Korzybski's “Alpha‐Object” oder Bateson's “MindGod”.Originality/valueOriginal in the paper is the revision of Korzybski's map‐territory‐relation. As both, map and territory, are abstractions, a map can promise the territory as a score promises the music. So, Korzybski's famous reminder should read: “A map is not yet the territory”.
Choreography: a pattern language
Authors: Klien Michael 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to outline recent developments in the field of choreography, especially focusing on the influence of Gregory Bateson's ideas. Choreography is progressing towards a form of art that not only deals with the creation and manipulation of systems of rules, but does so in a non‐deterministic, open way. The author argues that if the world is approached as a reality constructed of interactions, relationships, constellations and proportionalities and choreography is seen as the aesthetic, creative practice of setting those relations – or setting the conditions for those relations – to emerge.Design/methodology/approachBased on ten years practical research and artistic creations, the author introduces choreography as the creative act of ordering, outlining the shift and developments in this field by introducing ideas of system theory and cybernetics, especially as described by Gregory Bateson.FindingsChoreography has become a metaphor for dynamic constellations of any kind, consciously choreographed or not, self‐organising or artificially constructed. It has become a metaphor for order, embodied by self‐organising systems as observed in the biological world or superimposed by a human creator. The choreographer deals with patterns and frameworks within the context of an existing, larger, ongoing choreography of physical, mental, and social structures. As an aesthetics of change, the discipline of choreography can be applied to enquire into the dance of life, merging observation, theoretical writing and philosophy with practical rigor and personal expression.Practical implicationsChoreographic knowledge gained in the field of dance or harvested from perceived patterns in nature should be transferable to other realms of human knowledge production, providing a new aesthetic sensibility in the act of creation.Originality/valueThis essay delineates choreography as a new aesthetics, the one of change.
Fictional communication: developing Gregory Bateson's “Theory of Play and Fantasy”
Authors: Angela Knoop Christine 
Published: September 2007

PurposeTo supplement Gregory Bateson's theory with findings from literary studies and attempt a new take on literary communication.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of Gregory Bateson's “Theory of play and fantasy” the transmission of messages between author and readers is investigated. After that, it is attempted to show the particularities of literary messages and their communication, including different literary levels of what Bateson calls the “frame” of a message. The elements discussed include creativity, tension, surprise, Coleridge's notion of “the willing suspension of disbelief” in reading fiction and emotional response.FindingsWhile messages usually contain signs referring to an existing range of object representations, literary texts depart from and expand this range. The term “message” is subject to shift. The creativity of both author and readers allows a level of innovation that alters Bateson's categories: the metacommunicative level is not necessarily denoted by the message itself, and the metalinguistic level is adjusted to allow creativity that is existential for fiction writing and reading.Research limitations/implicationsTrying to give a schematic introduction, this paper is rather an overview than an in‐depth study.Originality/valueThis paper discusses a part of Bateson's approach in the light of findings in literary theory and thus helps to create an interdisciplinary dialogue that makes both sides' achievements, respectively, accessible.
What would Bateson's work look like today?
Authors: Feller Gordon 
Published: September 2007

PurposeTo demonstrate that Bateson's path‐breaking life and breakthrough thinking have directly (and indirectly) inspired a profound shift which has specific and practical effects in the physical world – as well as in the world of ideas.Design/methodology/approachThe paper describes an outstanding initiative inspired by Bateson's ideas and work.FindingsColombia's Gaviotas, situated far from the traditional centers of power and prestige, is the scene of an extraordinary whole system's experiment which is successfully applying Batesonian ideas in a harsh and troubled setting. Colombia is a country where environmental degradation, violence and instability are rampant. The paper examines some of the successes already achieved in Gaviotas, the path that lies ahead and the new opportunities being pursued by the Gaviotas project's developers. The paper attempts to understand how scientists are actively using Bateson's epistemology in their work.Practical implicationsThis paper aims to enrich the Bateson memorial by demonstrating that cutting‐edge ecological thinking, as pioneered by Bateson, is being applied around the globe in ways both surprising and profound.Originality/valueThis paper identifies a unique attempt to manifest, in the most difficult circumstances, that Bateson's ecological concepts and values are not abstraction s and that change is a process which can occur in the most unlikely places.
Slippery rigor
Authors: Bateson Nora 
Published: September 2007

PurposeWhen the editors of this publication asked me to do a little editing for them, they also asked me to write a short piece for you about how my father's work has affected my work as a filmmaker.Design/methodology/approachA short and informal note form Nora Bateson.FindingsIn the end it turns out, from my perspective at least, that the most important thing he said was nothing he said, (though a lot of it is inherently fascinating and hugely useful). What is truly important is how he approached EVERYTHING.Originality/valueA personal look into how Gregory Bateson's ideas and his lifestyle worked together.
Global environmental impact assessment of the Pb‐free shift
Authors: Andrae Anders S.G. , Itsubo Norihiro , Inaba Atsushi 
Published: September 2007

PurposeUsing two different conceptual approaches to environmental life‐cycle assessment, attributional and consequential, the purpose was to test the hypothesis that a typical lead free solder paste Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7 is worse than Sn63Pb37 as far as global environmental impacts are concerned.Design/methodology/approachSingle index weighting indices within the impact methodology Life cycle Impact Assessment Method based on Endpoint Modelling (LIME) impact methodology, were applied to the flows of three life cycle inventory models and their globally related flows. The LIME results based on three environmental impact categories, i.e. resource consumption, global warming and ozonelayer depletion are presented and discussed.FindingsThe attributional LCA (ALCA) results point towards a larger impact for Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7 than Sn63Pb37 mostly due to the higher Sn and Ag content. This study confirms earlier similar ALCAs. The system expansion for the Consequential LCA (CLCA) did not change this conclusion.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study has not included the affected microelectronics packaging parts of electronic products, nor has it included toxic effects as they are local. ALCA was considered to be equal to CLCA for Sn95.5Ag3.8Cu0.7, where no Ag nor Sn recycling was included.Originality/valueFor the first time a global environmental impact assessment of the shift to Pb‐free solder paste using the LIME weighting method applied to a CLCA is reported. Environmental life‐cycle investigations intended to support decisions of an ecological nature in the microelectronics packaging industry should benefit from the consequential approach.
Dissolution of copper on Sn‐Ag‐Cu system lead free solder
Authors: Izuta Goro , Tanabe Tsuyoshi , Suganuma Katsuaki 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe paper's purpose is to provide a solution to a problem on dissolution and disappearance of copper electrodes in solder bath in lead free soldering on printed circuit board (PCB).Design/methodology/approachThe influence of the copper concentration, temperature, and flowing velocity of molten solder on the copper dissolution have been estimated, and it has been found that the dissolution rate of copper electrodes in Sn‐3.0Ag‐xCu solder alloys is defined by temperature and copper concentration in solder.FindingsIt was found that increasing the copper concentration to 1.5 mass% in Sn‐3.0Ag‐xCu solder could lower the rate of copper dissolution to the equivalent level as that of the conventional Sn‐Pb eutectic alloy at the temperature of 560 K.Research implications/implicationsIn this paper, a dissolution phenomenon has been studied on Sn‐Ag‐Cu system alloys. It is interesting about the effect of other elements for controlling the dissolution.Practical implicationsThe method to control the copper electrode dissolution in wave soldering is clarified. The copper dissolution rate for Sn‐3.0Ag‐1.5Cu solder can be lowered to the equivalent level as that of conventional Sn‐Pb eutectic solder, even at 560 K.Originality/valueIn this paper, a dissolution phenomenon has been evaluated by flowing molten solder which is close to one in a practical soldering. It is the most different point from earlier study.
Economizing in differentiated distribution networks: a transvection approach
Authors: Hulthén Kajsa 
Published: September 2007

PurposeTo provide a framework for understanding and analyzing economizing in differentiated distribution networks.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is conceptual and reviews and develops some of the concepts and ideas provided by Wroe Alderson. The developed framework is then used in combination with some principle empirical examples from the PC industry to illustrate how the framework can be used in order to understand economizing in differentiated distribution networks. The paper also brings forward some methodological concerns regarding the use of the transvection concept in an empirical setting.FindingsThe paper concludes that by using a transvection approach three key concepts with regard to economizing in differentiated distribution networks can be identified; crossing points, sorting, and uniformity. These are interrelated and together they provide insight with respect to the logic of economizing in these kinds of networks.Originality/valueThe paper brings forward some “old” Aldersonian concepts in a “modern” setting and shows how these concepts can be used to understand economizing in differentiated distribution networks. The transvection is reintroduced as a useful concept for analyzing distribution structures, and the author found, in particular, that the concept is highly useful for understanding today's modern distribution arrangements.
Artificial neural network‐based prediction of aesthetic and functional properties of worsted suiting fabrics
Authors: Behera B.K. , Mishra Rajesh 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate an alternative approach that can predict non‐linear relations.Design/methodology/approachAn engineered approach to fabric development is described in which a radial basis function network is trained with worsted fabric constructional parameters to predict functional and aesthetic properties of fabrics. An objective method of fabric appearance evaluation with the help of digital image processing is introduced. The prediction of fabric properties by the network with changing basic fibre characteristics and fabric constructional parameters is found to have good correlation with the experimental values of fabric functional and aesthetic properties.FindingsThe radial basis function network can successfully predict the fabric functional and aesthetic properties from basic fibre characteristics and fabric constructional parameters with considerable accuracy. The network prediction is in good correlation with the actual experimental data. There is some error in predicting the fabric properties from the constructional parameters. The variation in the actual values and predicted values is because of small sample size. Moreover, the properties of worsted fabrics are greatly influenced by the finishing parameters which are not taken into consideration in the training of the network. Prediction performance can be further improved by including these parameters as input, during the training phase. In few cases, the network has predicted contradictory trends, which are found difficult to be explained.Originality/valueThe paper describes a radial basis function neural network model that can be used for the prediction of the fabric appearance values and comfort properties using fabric constructional parameters and some primary fibre mechanical properties as input parameters of the network.