bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Resting-state functional connectivity and structural differences between smokers and healthy non-smokers
Authors: Weidler Carmen , Gramegna Chiara , Müller Dario , Schrickel Maike , Habel Ute 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have shown an association between cigarette use and altered resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in many large-scale networks, sometimes complemented by measures of cortical atrophy. In this study, we aimed to further explore the neural differences between smokers and healthy non-smokers through the integration of functional and structural analyses. Imaging data of fifty-two smokers and forty-five non-smokers were analyzed through an independent component analysis for group differences in rsFC. Smokers showed lower rsFC within the dorsal attention network (DAN) in the left superior and middle frontal gyrus and left superior division of the lateral occipital cortex compared to non-smokers; moreover, cigarette use was found to be associated with reduced grey matter volume in the left superior and middle frontal gyrus and right orbitofrontal cortex, partly overlapping with functional findings. Within smokers, daily cigarette consumption was positively associated with increased rsFC within the cerebellar network and the default mode network and decreased rsFC within the visual network and the salience network, while carbon monoxide level showed a positive association with increased rsFC within the sensorimotor network. Our results suggest that smoking negatively impacts rsFC within the DAN and that changes within this network might serve as a circuit-based biomarker for structural deficits.
Case study on long-term deformation monitoring and numerical simulation of layered rock slopes on both sides of Wudongde dam reservoir area
Authors: Ding Chen , Xue Kaixi , Zhou Chaohui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLayered rock slope exists widely. Because of its special slope structure, it is prone to bending deformation and toppling failure, which is a serious threat to engineering construction and safety operation. At present, the research of layered rock slope still has great innovation potential. During the construction of Wudongde Hydropower Station on Jinsha River, safety and stability problems such as slope geological structure development, face rock unloading and relaxation, and even slip and large deformation were encountered. Through field exploration, it is found that the rock and soil stratification of the slope on both sides of Wudongde Hydropower Station is highly obvious. At present, there is a lack of research on-site long-term displacement monitoring of layered rock high-steep slope, especially for layered slope in complex hydrogeology and construction environment. In order to strengthen the research on the deformation and stability of layered rock slope, this paper analyzes the measured displacement data of Wudongde hydropower station slope, and establishes three-dimensional geological finite element model with the help of numerical simulation software. The stability of the slope is calculated by combining the finite difference method and the strength reduction method. Finally, the evolution mechanism of the deformation of the layered rock slope is explained according to the geological structure characteristics. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: the layered slope in the dam reservoir area is prone to deformation under the combined action of long-term construction disturbance and fissure water seepage, and the construction disturbance has a strong influence on the artificial excavation area below 1070 m, and the maximum rock mass deformation and surface displacement in the artificial excavation area of the slope reach 92.2 mm and 312.5 mm, respectively. However, the influence of construction disturbance on the natural mountain above 1070 m is limited, the valley deformation of the natural mountain on the left bank of the reservoir area is higher than that on the right bank, and the cumulative deformation is still less than 20 mm. The influence of seepage on the displacement of the area with higher elevation at the top of the slope is more obvious, and the influence of excavation and other disturbances on the displacement of the artificial excavation area with lower elevation is more obvious. The deformation of the river valley in the water cushion pond behind the dam increases slowly, and the change trend of the field deformation data is mostly consistent with that of the numerical calculation. The horizontal shrinkage of the mountains on both sides shows a contraction trend on the whole, and the maximum horizontal shrinkage calculated by numerical simulation is close to 20 mm, which is located at the elevation of 990 m.
Food Compass and the challenge of sustainability on the route towards healthful diets
Authors: Muzzioli Luca , Frigerio Francesco , Mazziotta Matteo , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Pinto Alessandro , Poggiogalle Eleonora 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to tackle the global increase in overweight and obesity prevalence, several nutrient profiling systems have been developed; among others, Food Compass Score (FCS) has been designed to encompass multiple domains of food healthfulness. However, environmental sustainability of healthy diets is another crucial dimension which should not be overlooked in the context of human health. The aim of the present study is to assess the association between healthiness and environmental sustainability of food items, using the FCS and Agribalyse databases, respectively. A total of 806 matching food items were identified, grouped in 12 food categories; within each category, differences in median Z-scores between FCS and Single Environmental Footprint (EF) Score were assessed. While Fruits, Legumes and Nuts, Mixed foods, Meat Poultry and Eggs (MPE), Savory and Sweets, and Vegetables showed statistically significant differences (all p < 0.001), Beverages (p = 0.361), Dairy (p = 0.092), Fats and Oils (p = 0.594), Grains (p = 0.436), Sauce and Condiments (p = 0.093), and Seafood (p = 0.241) had similar Food Compass and Single EF Z-scores distributions. These findings underscore a relevant lack of difference between healthfulness and environmental impact of some prominent food categories, such as Grains and Seafood. Therefore, we suggest matching nutrient profiling systems with adequate environmental sustainability indices.
Wet deposition in shallow convection over the Southern Ocean
Authors: Alinejadtabrizi T. , Lang F. , Huang Y. , Ackermann L. , Keywood M. , Ayers G. , Krummel P. , Humphries R. , Williams A. G. , Siems S. T. , Manton M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSouthern Ocean (SO) air is amongst the most pristine on Earth, particularly during winter. Historically, there has been a focus on biogenic sources as an explanation for the seasonal cycle in cloud condensation nuclei concentrations (NCCN). NCCN is also sensitive to the strength of sink terms, although the magnitude of this term varies considerably. Wet deposition, a process encompassing coalescence scavenging (drizzle formation), is one such process that may be especially relevant over the SO. Using a boundary layer cloud climatology, NCCN and precipitation observations from Kennaook/Cape Grim Observatory (CGO), we find a statistically significant difference in NCCN between when the upwind meteorology is dominated by open mesoscale cellular convection (MCC) and closed MCC. When open MCC is dominant, a lower median NCCN (69 cm−3) is found compared to when closed MCC (89 cm−3) is dominant. Open MCC is found to precipitate more heavily (1.72 mm day−1) and more frequently (16.7% of the time) than closed MCC (0.29 mm day−1, 4.5%). These relationships are observed to hold across the seasonal cycle with maximum NCCN and minimum precipitation observed during Austral summer (DJF). Furthermore, the observed MCC morphology strongly depends on meteorological conditions. The relationship between NCCN and precipitation can be further examined across a diurnal cycle during the summer season. Although there was again a negative relationship between precipitation and NCCN, the precipitation cycle was out of phase with the NCCN cycle, leading it by ~3 hours, suggesting other factors, specifically the meteorology play a primary role in influencing precipitation.
Platinum iodido drugs show potential anti-tumor activity, affecting cancer cell metabolism and inducing ROS and senescence in gastrointestinal cancer cells
Authors: Melones-Herrero Jorge , Alcalá Sonia , Ruiz-Cañas Laura , Benítez-Buelga Carlos , Batres-Ramos Sandra , Calés Carmela , Lorenzo Oscar , Perona Rosario , Quiroga Adoración G. , Sainz Bruno , Sánchez-Pérez Isabel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCisplatin-based chemotherapy has associated clinical disadvantages, such as high toxicity and resistance. Thus, the development of new antitumor metallodrugs able to overcome different clinical barriers is a public healthcare priority. Here, we studied the mechanism of action of the isomers trans and cis-[PtI2(isopropylamine)2] (I5 and I6, respectively) against gastrointestinal cancer cells. We demonstrate that I5 and I6 modulate mitochondrial metabolism, decreasing OXPHOS activity and negatively affecting ATP-linked oxygen consumption rate. Consequently, I5 and I6 generated Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), provoking oxidative damage and eventually the induction of senescence. Thus, herein we propose a loop with three interconnected processes modulated by these iodido agents: (i) mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic disruptions; (ii) ROS generation and oxidative damage; and (iii) cellular senescence. Functionally, I5 reduces cancer cell clonogenicity and tumor growth in a pancreatic xenograft model without systemic toxicity, highlighting a potential anticancer complex that warrants additional pre-clinical studies.
Chemical and structural heterogeneity of olive leaves and their trichomes
Authors: Fernández Victoria , Almonte Lisa , Bahamonde Héctor Alejandro , Galindo-Bernabeu Ana , Sáenz-Arce Giovanni , Colchero Jaime 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany biological surfaces have hairs, known as trichomes in plants. Here, the wettability and macro- and micro-scale features of olive leaves are analyzed. The upper leaf side has few trichomes, while the lower side has a high trichome density. By combining different techniques including electron and atomic force microscopy, trichome surfaces are found to be chemically (hydrophilic-hydrophobic) heterogeneous at the nano-scale. Both olive leaf surfaces are wettable by water, having a high water contact angle hysteresis and great drop adhesion. The ultra-structural pattern observed for epidermal pavement cells differs from the reticulate cuticle structure of trichomes which shows that leaf surface areas may be substantially different despite being located nearby. Our study provides evidence for the nano-scale chemical heterogeneity of a trichome which may influence the functional properties of biological surfaces, such as water and solute permeability or water capture as discussed here for plants.
High valley-degeneracy electron gas at double perovskite - strontium titanate interface
Authors: Wang Zhao-Cai , Chen Lei , Zhao Weiyao , Li Shuang-Shuang , Zhang Ying , Ying Jing-Shi , Zhang Shu-Juan , Luo Fu-Sheng , Chen Ting-Wei , Ye Mao , Chen Lang , Li Dan-Feng , Cortie David , Karel Julie , Rule Kirrily , Wang Xiaolin , Dai Ji-Yan , Zheng Ren-Kui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmergent phenomena such as two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) and interfacial superconductivity and ferromagnetism are generally built on the interface between insulating oxide thin films and substrates, e.g., LaAlO3/SrTiO3, where the 2D profiles of these electronic states are precisely confined at the interface of two insulators. Herein we report a high-mobility electron gas state with unusual symmetry at the interface of the Sr2CrMoO6/SrTiO3 (110) heterostructures, the fermiology of which follows the cubic crystallographic symmetry rather than the two-dimensional interface itself, resulting in the identical Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with applied magnetic field along all the twelve equivalent [110] crystallographic directions of SrTiO3, distinctly different from the 2D nature of the electron gas reported previously. Neutron diffraction verifies the predicted ferrimagnetic ordering between Cr and Mo moments. This, together with the magnetic hysteresis loops and negative magnetoresistance in low-field region, suggests possible spin polarization of itinerant electrons. Therefore, a quasi-3D profile, high mobility (up to 104 cm2 V−1 s−1) and possibly spin polarized electronic state is observed in the double-perovskite-based oxide heterostructures. This finding of the electronic properties in Sr2CrMoO6/SrTiO3 (110) heterostructure expands the knowledge of interfacial physics, as well as shines light on oxide-based electronics and spintronics research.
Behavior-encoded models reveal differentiated access to public cooling environment by race and income
Authors: Li Chao , Su Xing , Fan Chao , Han Haoying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtreme heat events caused by continuous anthropogenic climate change have been increasing. Establishing public cooling environments (PCEs) is imperative for protecting public health and enhancing productivity. Yet, disparities in access to PCEs based on race, travel behavior, and income status can undermine their role in helping communities cope with extreme heat. This study investigates the varied access to three types of PCEs across 40 U.S. counties. Our findings reveal that White people enjoy greater access to PCEs than other groups, especially to tree-covered green spaces (TCGSs), outperforming Black people approximately three times. Driving can disproportionately narrow the racial/ethnic inequality gap compared to walking. Non-expense-required public environments (NERPEs) and expense-required public environments (ERPEs) are less accessible to high-income groups. Our research underscores the ongoing challenges in achieving environmental justice through equitable PCE access and stresses the importance of further studies and policy actions to eliminate disparities.
Night-time decline in plant respiration is consistent with substrate depletion
Authors: Jones Simon , Mercado Lina M. , Bruhn Dan , Raoult Nina , Cox Peter M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the response of plant respiration to climate change is key to determining whether the global land carbon sink continues into the future or declines. Most global vegetation models use a classical growth-maintenance approach, which predicts that nocturnal plant respiration is controlled by temperature only. However, recently published observations of plant respiration show a decline through the night even at constant temperature, which these global models cannot reproduce. Here we assess the role of respiratory substrates in this observed decline by evaluating an alternative model of plant respiration, in which the rate of respiration at constant temperature is instead dependent on the size of available substrate pools. We find that the observed decline in nocturnal respiration is reproduced by a model with just two substrate pools, one fast and one slow. These results demonstrate a need to change the way that plant respiration is represented in global vegetation models, moving to models based on labile pools which represent only a fraction of total plant biomass. These models naturally represent plant acclimation via changing pool-sizes and may have a significant impact on the long-term predictions of the global land carbon sink.
Acoustic emission of lattice structures under cycling loading relates process parameters with fatigue properties
Authors: Kollmannsperger Lea S. , Maurer Oliver , Kose Rebecca , Zeuner Andre T. , Bähre Dirk , Fischer Sarah C. L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetamaterials, especially lattice structures, are of great interest for many application areas such as aerospace, automotive and medicine due to their adjustable mechanical properties and their low weight. Due to their complex geometry, lattice structures are usually manufactured additively, which causes a large variance in the manufacturing-related mechanical properties. In order to establish metamaterials in industrial applications under cyclic loading, the fatigue behavior needs to be investigated to evaluate the load capacity of these structures. Here we analyze the fatigue behavior of AlSi10Mg truss structures fabricated with L-PBF using a load increase test in combination with acoustic emission measurements. The acoustic signals are evaluated in terms of time-dependent amplitude signal and frequency spectrum. Increasing load and increasing specimen damage resulted in changes of the acoustic spectrum and the amplitude of the time signal. Based on the results, a correlation of specimen properties with build platform position in the manufacturing process could be established. Acoustic emission measurement as an in situ characterization method during cyclic loading is promising for surveillance of lattice structures in safety related applications.
Macroeconomic impact of an international fishery regulation on a small island country
Authors: Guillotreau Patrice , Dissou Yazid , Antoine Sharif , Capello Manuela , Salladarré Frédéric , Tidd Alex , Dagorn Laurent 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper examines the macroeconomic impact of regulating tuna fishing on a small island economy that relies heavily on tourism and fishing for its foreign exchange earnings. While there is scientific consensus to limit the use of drifting fish aggregating devices (dFADs) worldwide, there is no agreement on their optimal number at sea. Resolution 23/02, adopted by the Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC) in February 2023, proposed a 72-day moratorium on dFADs, but this resolution has met with resistance from many contracting parties, including developing countries. To understand the reasons for this resistance, a recursive, multi-sectoral dynamic general equilibrium model is developed for the Republic of Seychelles, a small tuna-dependent country. The model assesses the short- and medium-term macroeconomic impacts of a seasonal dFAD closure for the Indian Ocean tuna fishery. The analysis suggests that a 12% decline in canned tuna exports would result in a −8.8% deviation from the real gross domestic product trend after seven years. Such an impact would have far-reaching effects on the domestic economy, affecting all components of aggregate demand. Consequently, the economy would become more dependent on tourism, which has shown its vulnerability during the recent pandemic crisis. The study highlights the importance of considering social and economic aspects in sustainable fisheries management and provides insights into the potential consequences of dFAD regulations for small island economies.
Newborn Hearing Screening Results for Infants With Prenatal Opioid Exposure in Southern Appalachia
Authors: Hite Marcy K. , Chroust Alyson J. , Proctor-Williams Kerry , Lowe Jennifer L. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Infants prenatally exposed to opioids exhibit withdrawal symptomology that introduce physiological noise and can impact newborn hearing screening results. This study compared the referral rate and physiological noise interpreted by number of trials rejected due to artifact on initial newborn hearing screenings of infants with prenatal opioid exposure (POE) and infants with no opioid exposure (NOE). Furthermore, within the POE group, it examined the relationship of referral rates with severity of withdrawal symptomology, and with maternal and infant risk factors.

Method:
This study used a retrospective cohort design of electronic medical records from six delivery hospitals in South-Central Appalachia. Newborn hearing screenings were conducted using automated auditory brainstem response (ABR) for 334 infants with POE and 226 infants with NOE. Severity of withdrawal symptomology was measured using the Modified Finnegan Neonatal Abstinence Scoring Tool, which includes observation of behaviors that introduce physiological noise.

Results:
There was no significant difference in newborn hearing screening referral rate between infants with POE and infants with NOE. Referral rate was not affected by maternal or infant risk factors. Infants with POE had statistically significant higher artifact (defined as rejected ABR sweeps) than infants with NOE. There was a strong positive correlation between Finnegan scores and artifact but not referral rates. Sensitivity and specificity analysis indicated artifact decreased substantially after Day 4 of life.

Conclusions:
Referral rates of infants with POE were similar to those of infants with NOE. Nevertheless, the withdrawal symptomology of infants with POE introduces physiological noise reflected as artifact on ABR, which can affect efficiency of newborn hearing screenings.
Distributed optimization for joint peer‐to‐peer electricity and carbon trading among multi‐energy microgrids considering renewable generation uncertainty
Authors: Hou Hui , Wang Zhuo , Zhao Bo , Zhang Leiqi , Shi Ying , Xie Changjun , Dong ZhaoYang , Yu Keren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing penetration of renewable energy and the further coupling of the electricity and carbon markets have hindered the realization of efficient and low‐carbon transformation processes in new power systems. This study addresses the optimization problems of joint peer‐to‐peer (P2P) electricity and carbon trading in multi‐energy microgrids (MEMGs), taking into account the risks associated with renewable generation in a distributed manner. First, a coordinated operation model is developed to describe the joint P2P electricity and carbon trading issues among MEMGs, aiming to minimize operating costs, mitigate potential risk losses, and reduce renewable energy wastage. Second, the conditional value‐at‐risk technique, paired with stochastic programming, is employed to quantify potential risk losses arising from uncertainties. Finally, a distributed optimization approach is developed based on the alternating direction method of multipliers to maintain the privacy and independence of decision‐making in individual MEMGs. During the trading processes, the Lagrangian multipliers are used as price signals to ensure fairness in optimal trading schemes among MEMGs. Moreover, a parallel solution mechanism is implemented to improve overall operational efficiency with minimal calculation expenditure. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method can reduce operation costs and carbon emissions while also preventing a significant amount of renewable energy abandonment.