bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and infection control for restorative dental treatment in nursing homes
Authors: Hall David L. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in nursing home residents now averages 20–35%. This includes both numerous asymptomatic mostly unidentified carriers, and the occasional patient with an active infection. Among the most common sites for positive MRSA colonization are the nares and mouth (saliva). Ohio State University (OSU) dental students perform routine restorative dental care onsite in local nursing homes using portable equipment including handpieces that can generate aerosols. Using a series of cultured test swabs and plates, this pilot study suggests that protection for both dental health care personnel and patients are provided by the following: I. universal barrier precautions (for example, gloves, gowns, masks, hats, facial shields, glasses), 2. surface disinfectants, 3. pre‐op 0.12% chlorhexidene mouth rinses, 4. high volume evacuation, 5. perioral skin scrubs. Additional infection control methods, techniques and equipment were evaluated and compared including rubber dam isolation, hand excavation and bond technique, high‐speed air turbine and electric “high” speed handpiece. There was no indication of a special tendency or heightened ability of MRSA to aerosolize.
Priorities for oral health goals in a sample of older adults
Authors: Stoller Eleanor Palo , Pyle Marsha A. , Perzynski Adam T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to identify oral health factors that are important to people who are elderly. By identifying factors valued by patients who are older, dental professionals can gain better insights into the preferences and priorities that patients use in making dental treatment decisions. To determine which factors are important to this population, we compiled a list of oral health goals identified through a literature review. To supplement this initial list, we undertook line‐by‐line (open) coding of transcripts of two sets of semi‐structured interviews. The first set of interviews explored the decision of older adults to seek treatment in response tooth pain. The second set of interviews elicited anticipated responses to three scenarios involving extensive restoration and one scenario involving extraction and prosthetic replacement among older patients at a dental school.
Dental characteristics of the Wolf‐Hirschhorn Syndrome: a case report
Authors: Babich Sara B. , Banducci Carla , Teplitsky Paul 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTLittle attention in the dental literature has been given to the dental characteristics of patients with the Wolf‐Hirschhorn Syndrome (WHS). The syndrome is caused by deletions of the terminal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4. This case report provides information on dental anomalies noted in a child with WHS. The dental findings include agenesis of multiple permanent teeth, particularly premolars and molars, taurodontism, and over‐retained primary teeth. This syndrome exhibits variable clinical expressivity, possibly due to the extent and the specific locus of the chromosomal deletion. Further studies are required to obtain a clearer view of the clinical oral/dental manifestations of this syndrome.
Use of cryotherapy to enhance mouth opening in patients with cerebral palsy
Authors: dos Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues , de Oliveira Leda Magalhaes 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study was conducted to assess the effect of cryotherapy on masseter spasticity on mouth opening, which is required for oral hygiene and dental treatment. The inter‐incisal distance was measured before cryotherapy in 24 patients with cerebral palsy who had spasticity of the tetraparesis type. Ice was then applied on the skin surface with sliding movements over the masseter, bilaterally for one minute. Interincisal distance was then measured again. The results showed a significant increase of the inter‐incisal distance after the application of cold to the masseter. We conclude that the action of cryotherapy on the masseter muscle produced a temporary reduction of spasticity, facilitating access to the occlusal and palatal surfaces of the maxillary molars. This improved access can be useful during dental treatment as well as preventive dental care such as oral hygiene.
Prosthodontic management of older severe hypodontia patients in general dental practice: A case series
Authors: Yip K. H‐K , Smales R.J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAlthough a detailed understanding of the etiology of hypodontia is lacking, there is a need for awareness among dental professionals of the social and psychological consequences of severe hypodontia, as well as knowledge of those affected by hypodontia have ongoing dental treatment needs. Although, there may be a need for immediate referral of children to different specialists for optimal multidisciplinary treatment planning, most older patients with severe hypodontia can be treated by general practitioners. Practitioners therefore need to be aware of the ramifications of the condition and be capable of providing adequate oral health care for these patients and referring them for additional services when necessary. A case‐report series is used to illustrate routine prosthodontic treatments that can be offered to older patients in general dental practice.
Chronic craniofacial dematiaceous fungal infection: A case report
Authors: Shetty Kishore , Giannini Peter , Achong Ronald 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT Curvularia is a saprobic dematiaceous mold that has been associated with a wide spectrum of human infection. In non‐immunosuppressed patients, infections frequently involve the paranasal sinus, skin, and soft tissue, whereas systemic dissemination and endocarditis are extremely rare. The optimal antifungal therapy for Curvularia infection is not known, and responses to treatment with amphotericin B, miconazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, and itraconazole have been reported. We describe a patient with an invasive dematiaceous fungal sinusitis who was immunocompetent and was infected with Curvularia. The patient was successfully treated with oral itraconazole by otolaryngology and the infectious disease service.
Reduction in caries rate among patients with xerostomia using a power toothbrush
Authors: Papas Athena S. , Singh Mabi , Harrington Dorothy , Ortblad Katherine , de Jager Marco , Nunn M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the use of a Sonicare*** toothbrush could be beneficiai in reducing coronal and/or root caries among patients with medication‐induced xerostomia.Eighty subjects with drug‐induced xerostomia using either a Sonicare toothbrush (SC) or a manual toothbrush (MTB) were included in the study. Control subjects using a MTB were frequency‐matched to 40 subjects using a SC, based on age, gender, number of teeth at baseline, and salivary flow rates. Subjects were individually matched according to the type of xerostomic medication they were taking. Caries were assessed at baseline, and subjects were instructed to have carious teeth restored. Summary statistics were assessed and computed by treatment group for incipient and frank coronal and root caries after one year. Statistical comparisons of the number of frank and incipient coronal and root caries between treatment groups were conducted using paired t‐tests.After one year of use, the numbers of incipient and frank root caries were significantly lower among subjects using SC compared to subjects using MTB. Subjects using SC also exhibited somewhat lower incipient and frank coronal caries than subjects using MTB, although their differences were not statistically significant.The authors concluded that the Sonicare toothbrush may be beneficial in reducing root caries among older adults with medication‐induced xerostomia.
The influence of valproic acid on salivary pH in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: Siqueira Walter Luiz , Santos Maria Teresa Botti Rodrigues , Elangovan Satheesh , Simoes Alyne , Nicolau José 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this open‐label, crossover study was to measure salivary pH after the oral administration of distilled water, a 10% sucrose solution, and valproic acid to a population of 10 children with cerebral palsy. Salivary pH was measured just prior to giving the solutions and then every five minutes for 60 minutes. The criticai pH was defined at 5.5, below which dental demineralization occurs. In this population, valproic acid decreased salivary pH to below the criticai pH for an extended period of time (mean ‐ 4.32 at 20 minutes) when compared to mean salivary pH after administration of distilled water (7.11 at 20 minutes) and a 10% sucrose solution (5.96 at 20 minutes). Recovery from this low pH to above the criticai level did not occur until after 50 minutes and furthermore did not recover to baseline, neutral levels, for the duration of this study (60 minutes). Our results suggest that children with cerebral palsy, a population with a tendency toward reduced salivary function, have a compromised ability to buffer the oral administration of an exogenous acid. This can result in an increased susceptibility to demineralization and caries of the teeth.
Oral health status of adults with Down syndrome in Hong Kong
Authors: Cheng Ronald H. W. , Leung W. Keung , Corbet Esmonde F. , King Nigel M. 
Published: March 2008

ARSTRACTThe aim of this survey was to study the oral health status of Hong Kong Chinese adults with Down syndrome (DS). Sixty‐five community‐dwelling adults with DS (aged 17 to 42 years, 26.8±6.4) and age‐and gender‐matched contrais attending a dental hospital were included in a cross‐sectional survey. The subjects with DS had fewer filled (2.4±4.6 vs. 2.7±3.1, p=0.017) and fewer decayed (1.1±2.5 vs. 1.7±2.4, p=0.007) teeth than the control subjects. Significantly more peg‐shaped maxillary lateral incisors and retained primary teeth (p<0.001) were observed in subjects with DS, compared to the control subjects. Adults who had DS had a significantly higher percentage of surfaces with detectable plaque (81.5±19.1 vs. 61.9±16.0. p<0.001) and a higher percentage of sites with bleeding on probing (76.3±25.8 vs. 55.6±21.4, p<0.001). A higher proportion of subjects with DS showed one or more occurrences where probing pocket depth was ≥6mm than control subjects (49%vs. 24.5%, p<0.021). In conclusion, while having fewer caries, Hong Kong Chinese adults with DS had poorer periodontal health than age‐ and gender‐matched control subjects.
The impact of providing dental services to frail older adults: Perceptions of elders in adult day health centers*
Authors: Walker Ryan J. , Kiyak H. Asuman 
Published: March 2008

ARSTRACTVery little is known about the oral health of, and access to, dental services among frail elders who live in the community and use an adult day health center (ADHC) for respite care. This pilot study evaluated the perceived oral health quality of life (OHQOL) of elders who used a mobile dental program in urban, suburban, and rural ADHC settings. Pre‐ and post‐treatment interviews were conducted to evaluate OHQOL using the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). ADHC records were used to obtain demographic, medicai history and medication data. Following initial dental examinations and consent, dental treatment was provided at each ADHC. Of the 138 elders screened at three ADHCs, pre‐ and post‐treatment data were obtained on 76 subjects following their treatment (mean four months later). The groups members were mostly female (64.5%) and Caucasian (71.6%). Their mean age was 76.8 (+/‐ 9.8), with an average of 12.4 teeth (34.2% edentulous); 67.7% were on Medicaid. On average they had 5.5 chronic diseases, hypertension being the most common (67.1%); 44.8% had a neurological disorder or dementia. GOHAI scores were generally high both pre‐ and post‐treatment, reflecting high physical and psychosocial OHQOL and low leveis of worry. GOHAI scores were correlated with chronic diseases; the more chronic diseases an individual had, the lower his or her total score pre‐ and post‐treatment (r=‐.24, r=‐.26 respectively, p<.04). The more dental treatment needs an elder had, the lower his or her GOHAI (r=‐.23, p<.05). Elders with more teeth reported higher GOHAI pre‐ and post‐treatment (r=.36, r=.37 respectively, p<.002). Paired t‐tests comparing pre‐ and post‐treatment GOHAI scores revealed significant improvements in overall GOHAI (p<.001), and on two dimensions: physical (p<.005) and psychosocial (p<.002). The findings support the importance of providing on‐site access to dental services in order to maintain the general OHQOL of frail elders, more specifically in the areas of physical and psychosocial well‐being.
Effectiveness of a triclosan/copolymer dentifrice on dental plaque and gingivitis in Brazilian individuais with cerebral palsy
Authors: Feng Hsu Shao , Pinheiro Isabella Cristina Mendes , Grande Sabrina Rosa , Pannuti Cláudio Mendes , Barros Fernando Jos Nunes , Lotufo Roberto Fraga Moreira 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis randomized clinicai trial investigated the effect of a dentifrice containing triclosan on the reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis in institutionalized individuais with cerebral palsy. Fifty‐seven residents were randomly allocated to a test group (n=28, dentifrice with triclosan) and a control group (n=29. conventional dentifrice). A single calibrated investigator performed examinations at baseline and after three months. The amount of dental plaque was assessed, and gingivitis was meas‐ured. The caretakers performed brushing with dentifrice. After three months, there was a significant reduction in the plaque index in both groups, but there was no difference between the two groups. There was a significant reduction in gingivitis only in the test group, and the difference between groups was significant after three months. The authors concluded that the dentifrice with triclosan reduced interdental bleeding in the studied population.
Receipt of dental care, dental status and workforce in U.S. nursing homes: 1997 National Nursing Home Survey
Authors: Dye Bruce A. , Fisher Monica A. , Yellowitz Janet A. , Fryar Cheryl D. , Vargas Clemencia M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe goal of this paper was to report the prevalence of dental care — a Healthy People 2010 objective — for nursing home residents 65 years and older, and to assess the association between receipt of dental care with other oral status and workforce measures. Data from 7,363 residents aged 65 years and older with information in the 1997 National Nursing Home Survey (NNHS) were used.Overall, 18.2% of elderly nursing home residents had received dental care in the last month. Multivariable modeling found residents were more likely to receive dental care in the past month if they lived in the Northeast (OR=3.32, 95% CI 2.51‐4.39); were dentate (OR=1.46, 95% CI 1.26‐1.69); had a length of stay 12 months or longer (OR=1.37, 95% CI 1.17‐1.62); or resided in facilities with dental professional services (OR=2.05, 95% CI 1.60‐2.62).The results showed that disparities in receipt of dental care existed by region, length of stay, dentate status, and availability of dental services in nursing homes. Additionally, current oral health surveillance measures for nursing homes may have been inadequate.
Unacceptably high levels of fluoride in commercial preparations of silver fluoride
Authors: Gotjamanos Theo , Afonso Fernando 
Published: March 2008

AbstractInstead of expected fluoride ion concentrations of around 60 000 ppm, commercial preparations of 40 per cent aqueous silver fluoride were found to contain 120 000–127 000 ppm. Information received from the Western Australian Chemistry Centre which provided independent confirmation of the higher than expected [F] indicates that the currently available commercial preparations contain silver difluoride rather than silver fluoride.In view of the potential of fluoride‐containing products such as dentifrices (1000–1500 ppm F) and topical fluoride gels and solutions (6000‐12 000 ppm F) to cause adverse effects if excessive quantities are ingested, any product that contains 120 000 ppm [F] should be regarded as carrying a high risk of toxicity when used on young children.
Palatal rugae patterns in Australian Aborigines and Caucasians
Authors: Kapali Sunita , Townsend Grant , Richards Lindsay , Parish Tracey 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine whether rugae patterns change with age and to compare the number and pattern of rugae in Australian Aborigines with those of Caucasians. For the longitudinal part of the study, serial dental casts of ten Aborigines, from 6 to 20 years of age, were examined and rugae patterns were recorded. To enable comparisons to be made between different ethnic groups an additional 100 dental casts of Australian Aborigines and 200 casts of Caucasians, ranging in age from 13 to 17 years, were examined. Characteristics observed were number, length, shape, direction and unification of rugae.The length of rugae increased significantly with age but the total number of rugae remained constant. Thirty‐two per cent of rugae showed changes in shape, while 28 per cent displayed a change in orientation. In contrast to studies suggesting that rugae move forward with age, the majority of Aboriginal rugae that changed direction moved posteriorly. Changes in rugae patterns have been assumed to result from pala al growth but alterations in pattern were observed in the Aboriginal sample even after palatal growth had ceased. The mean number of primary rugae in Aborigines was higher than in Caucasians, although more primary rugae in Caucasians exceeded 10 mm in length than in Aborigines. The most common shapes in both ethnic groups were wavy and curved forms, whereas straight and circular types were least common. There was a statistically significant association between rugae forms and ethnicity, straight forms being more common in Caucasians whereas wavy forms were more common in Aborigines.
Inferior alveolar nerve demage following removal of mandibular third molar teeth. A prospective study using panoramic radiography
Authors: Smith Andrew C. , Barry Susan E. , Chiong Allan Y. , Hadzakis Despina , Kha Sung‐Lac , Mok Steven C. , Sable Daniel L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPermanent alteration of sensation in the lip after the removal of mandibular third molar teeth is an unusual but important complication. Studies have been performed to assess the risk of nerve damage but most of these have been retrospective and poorly controlled.This prospective trial predicted the outcome of altered sensation prior to surgery based on assessment of a panoramic radiograph and correlated this with the result postoperatively in the consecutive removal of 479 third molar teeth.Result indicated that 5.2 per cent had transient alteration in sensation but only one patient (0.2 per cent) had prolonged anaesthesia. As 94.8 per cent of teeth extracted had no neurological sequelae the figures for prediction were skewed and a kappa statistical analysis of 0.27 illustrated a fair level of agreement between prediction and outcome.This study supports previously reported levels of neurological damage and confirms that panoramic radiography is the optimum method for radiological assessment for mandibular third molar teeth prior to their removal.
Safety issues related to the use of silver fluoride in paediatric dentistry
Authors: Gotjamanos Theo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDue to its exceedingly high fluoride content, 40% silver fluoride solution has the potential to cause flurorosis when used in young children. In vitro testing conducted in the present investigation indicates that application of 40% silver fluoride to deep carious lesions or its use as a ‘spot’ application agent could result in 3 to 4 mg of fluoride reaching the systemic circulation.As scientifically‐based clinical trials on the safety of 40% silver fluoride have not been conducted, it would be appropriate for it to be withdrawn from further clincal use until proper testing and evalution have been carried out. In view of the possibility that lower strength solutions of silver fluoride (1–4%) may be just as effective as 40% in ‘arresting’ deep caries, testing should focus on such solutions, particularly as the potential for toxicity from their fluoride content would be reduced by a factor of 10–40.
The retention of pit and fissure sealants placed in primary school children by Dentl Health Services, Victoria
Authors: Messer Louise Brearley , Calache Hanny , Morgan Michael V. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe benefit of a public sector sealant programme for children in Australia is yet to be established. This study evaluated sealants placed by therapists of the School Dental Service in Victoria, between 1989 and 1994, on permanent teeth of children in 15 primary schools in Melbourne. Seven hundred and seventy four children aged 6–12 years were examined in school dental clinics by six calibrated examiners. A total of 5363 sealants placed on 2875 permanent teeth (including 2616 first molars, 91 per cent of sample) up to four and a half years previously was examined. Values for complete and partial sealant retention were highest for premolars (86 per cent, 9 per cent respectively, total 95 per cent); similar for occlusal surfaces of maxillary and mandibular first molars (63 per cent, 30 per cent; 62 per cent, 32 per cent respectively) and buccal pits of mandibular molars (66 per cent); and low for pits/fissures of Carabelli's cusps of maxillary molars (44 per cent). Cross‐sectional examination up to 24 months for both maxillary and mandibular first molars indicated average values of 67 per cent complete retention, 27 per cent partial retention, 6 per cent missing; thereafter complete retention decreased and partial retention increased. Sealant failures in the six months post‐placement were attributed to technique failure. Regardless of sealant retention, caries experience was low under partially retained or missing sealants (4.5 per cent) and completely retained sealants (0.4 per cent). It is concluded that the SDS sealant programme is a sound preventive dental public health approach.
Social profile of first‐year dentistry students at the University of Sydney
Authors: Gietzelt Dale 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThere has been constant interest in the background of dentistry students over the years. This paper, based on the data amassed by surveying the firstyear dentistry students of 1994 and 1995, builds on previous questionnaires and publications, and shows that certain trends in student make‐up, predicted earlier, have been checked. The article examines such features as the gender breakdown of first‐year students, age at the end of their first year, their own and their parents' countries of origin, English and non‐English language proficiency, type of school attended, parents' occupations, parents' highest level of education, motivations for choosing dentistry as a career, aptitude for a career in dentistry, and previous studies and employment. The data are analysed with the view to determining changes over time in the social composition of dentistry students.