bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and antiviral activity of new benzothiadiazine dioxide derivatives
Authors: Tait Annalisa , Luppi Amedeo , Cermelli Claudio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of 2,1,3‐ and 1,2,4‐benzothiadiazine derivatives were synthesized by alkylation via Mitsunobu reaction and evaluated for their antiviral activity against ADV, HHV‐6, Cox‐B5 and H‐CMV. Most of them were active at micromolar level against one or more viral strains. All the molecules studied are poorly cytotoxic (maximum non toxic concentrations were >25μM), except one compound that presents a higher cytotoxicity (maximum non toxic concentration was 6 μM).
Improved studies of cross‐coupling reactions of 5‐(tri‐n‐butystannyl)‐ and 5,5′‐bis(tri‐n‐butylstannyl)‐2,2′‐bithiophene with aryl halides
Authors: Hamad Elgazwy Abdel‐Sattar S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStille coupling under standard conditions proceeds in low yield when using hindered organostannanes (1) or (2) and aryl bromide partners. The inclusion of aryl iodide instead of aryl bromide with the same organostannanes, significantly improves the efficiency of the coupling, providing a variety of desired products in good to excellent yield. The yields of Stille coupling are compared to the different reactivity of aryl halides. This study of Stille coupling with different aryl halides are documented and rationalized.
One‐Pot synthesis of a novel compound N‐hydroxydecahydroacridine under microwave irradiation
Authors: Tu Shujiang , Fang Fang , Zhu Songlei , Li Tuanjie , Zhang Xiaojing , Zhuang Qiya 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA novel reaction to synthesis a series new N‐hydroxyldecahydroacridine derivatives by a one‐pot condensation of aldehyde, 1,3‐dicarbonyl compound and NH2OH in glycol under microwave irradiation is described. N‐hydroxyldecahydroacridine was obtained in excellent yields (81–95%) within short reaction time (4–7 min)
Synthesis and antifungal activity against strains of candida albicans of 6‐fluoro‐4(5 or 7)‐chloro‐2‐(difluorobenzoyl)aminobenzothiazoles
Authors: Armenise Domenico , De Laurentis Nicolino , Reho Antonia , Rosato Antonio , Morlacchi Flaviano 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA series of 6‐fluoro‐4‐(5 or 7)‐chloro‐2‐(difluorobenzoyl)aminobenzothiazoles 3a‐r were prepared to investigate their potential biological activity. In this work, the results of their in vitro antifungal activity against some strains of Candida albicans are reported. It was found that some derivatives displayed antifungal activity higher than that for 3k [1a] compound already described in literature.
Practical guidelines for characterization of O‐diglycosyl flavonoid isomers by triple quadrupole MS and their applications for identification of some fruit juices flavonoids
Authors: Abad‐García B. , Garmón‐Lobato S. , Berrueta L.A. , Gallo B. , Vicente F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFifteen flavonoid O‐diglycosides with different interglycosidic linkage isomery and glycosylation position have been studied in order to analyze their fragmentation patterns. Initial separation was carried out using high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC/DAD) coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) interface and a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer. Some useful differences in their MS spectra have been found and discussed. As it has already been reported, [Y*]+/[Y0]+ ratio for flavanones and [Y1]+/[Y0]+ ratio for other flavonoids is specific for each isomeric interglycosidic linkage. In this work it has also been observed that the abundance of these ions is dependent on the position of glycosylation. On the basis of these differences, systematic guidelines for our experimental conditions have been proposed for the differentiation of not only isomeric interglycosidic linkage but also glycosylation position using collision‐induced dissociation MS/MS (CID‐MS/MS) spectra in positive mode. These results have been successfully applied for the characterization of three diglycosyl flavonoids found in Citrus fruit juices and these conclusions have also been extrapolated for characterizing two triglycosides in the same fruits. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α‐Eleostearic acid is more effectively metabolized into conjugated linoleic acid than punicic acid in mice
Authors: Yuan Gao‐Feng , Sinclair Andrew J , Zhou Ci‐Qin , Li Duo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the metabolism of α‐eleostearic acid (α‐ESA, cis9,trans11,trans13‐18:3) and punicic acid (PA, cis9,trans11,cis13‐18:3) and to compare the relative conversion efficiency of these fatty acids into conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs) in mice.RESULTS: Twenty‐four male ICR mice were fed either a control diet or one of two experimental diets supplemented with 10 g kg−1α‐ESA or PA in the form of triacylglycerols for 6 weeks. The accumulation of PA in all tissues examined was significantly higher than α‐ESA; in both groups it was found that cis9,trans11‐conjugated linoleic acid (cis9,trans11‐18:2) was detected in all tissues examined. The relative conversion rate of α‐ESA into cis9,trans11‐18:2 was significantly higher than that of PA. The highest conversion rate of α‐ESA was found in adipose tissue (91.8%), spleen (91.4%) and kidney (90.7%), and the lowest in the heart (84.6%). The highest conversion rate of PA occurred in the liver (76.2%) and the lowest occurred in the heart (54.5%).CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that both α‐ESA and PA are effectively metabolized into cis9,trans11‐18:2 in mice. These conjugated dietary fatty acids might be useful sources of CLAs in tissues owing to the natural abundance of α‐ESA and PA in some seeds. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of controlled atmospheres and shelf life period on concentrations of volatile substances released by ‘Pink Lady®’ apples and on consumer acceptance
Authors: Villatoro Carmen , Luisa López M , Echeverria Gemma , Graell Jordi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:‘Pink Lady®’ (Malus×domesticaBorkh.) apples were harvested at commercial maturity and stored at 1 °C under either air or controlled atmosphere (CA) conditions (2.5 kPa O2: 3 kPa CO2and 1 kPa O2: 2 kPa CO2) for 15 or 28 weeks. Standard quality parameters, consumer acceptance and volatile compound emission were evaluated after cold storage plus shelf life period at 20 °C.RESULTS:A shelf life period of 17 days after long‐term storage in controlled atmosphere allowed the regeneration of the characteristic esters associated to the aroma of this variety. Sixty‐five per cent of consumers preferred apples with higher emissions of aroma‐active volatile compounds, despite the fact that these apples displayed lower values for standard quality attributes. The most accepted samples corresponded to fruit stored in air for 15 weeks regardless of post‐storage period, in air for 28 weeks plus 1 day at 20 °C, and in 2.5 kPa O2: 3 kPa CO2for 15 weeks plus 7 days at 20 °C.CONCLUSIONS:Concentrations of specific aroma volatile compounds are suggested to be more important than total aroma emission for consumer acceptance of ‘Pink Lady®’ apples. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Brassica oleracea var. costata: comparative study on organic acids and biomass production with other cabbage varieties
Authors: Sousa Carla , Pereira David M , Taveira Marcos , Dopico‐García Sonia , Valentão Patrícia , Pereira José A , Bento Albino , Andrade Paula B 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: A study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of agronomic practices, harvesting time and leaf age on the organic acid composition and biomass production of Brassica oleracea L. var. costata DC (tronchuda cabbage). Samples were cultivated under eight different fertilisation regimes (two levels each of nitrogen, boron and sulfur, an organic fertiliser and no fertiliser) and collected at three different times.RESULTS: Principal component analysis of the data indicated significant differences. Three principal components with an eigenvalue higher than one accounted for 79.0% of the total variance of the data set. Samples obtained with conventional fertilisation were characterised by the highest values of fresh weight. External leaves showed higher total organic acid and malic acid contents than internal leaves, while the latter were characterised by higher proportions of citric acid. For consecutive harvests, total organic acid concentration decreased in both external and internal leaves.CONCLUSION: The use of a conventional fertilisation regime (nitrogen, boron or sulfur) improved the growth of B. oleracea var. costata without affecting its organic acid profile. However, for consecutive harvests, total organic acid concentration was observed to decrease independently of the agronomic practices tested. Leaf age influenced the quantitative composition of organic acids. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of phosphorus uptake on growth and secondary metabolites of garden sage (Salvia officinalis L.)
Authors: Nell Monika , Vötsch Marlies , Vierheilig Horst , Steinkellner Siegrid , Zitterl‐Eglseer Karin , Franz Chlodwig , Novak Johannes 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Garden sage (Salvia officinalis L., Lamiaceae) has gained importance during the last decade as a natural antioxidant, mainly owing to the antioxidant secondary plant metabolites rosmarinic acid (RA) and diterpenes such as carnosic acid. The aim of this work was to study the biomass production, the concentrations of total phenolics and RA and the essential oil of garden sage in response to phosphorus (P) supply. The treatments included P fertilisation and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), since AMF are the most efficient biotic factor promoting the P uptake of plants.RESULTS: The P concentration in the plant was highest in P‐fertilised plants, intermediate in AMF‐inoculated plants and lowest in non‐inoculated/non‐P‐supplied plants. The leaf biomass increased only in P‐fertilised plants. AMF‐inoculated plants, in contrast, did not show an increased leaf biomass, but their root biomass was enhanced. The total phenolic and RA concentrations were affected differently in leaves and roots, with the highest concentration and yield being found in leaves of P‐fertilised plants. In none of the treatments were the essential oil concentration and composition affected.CONCLUSION: Optimal P fertilisation improves the antioxidant potential of garden sage and increases its biomass yield, thus optimising agronomic production of this plant for antioxidant use. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Artificial neural network models for forecasting intermittent monthly precipitation in arid regions
Authors: Dahamsheh Ahmad , Aksoy Hafzullah 
Published: March 2009

AbstractForecasting monthly precipitation in arid regions is investigated by means of feed forward back propagation (FFBP) artificial neural networks (ANNs) and compared to the linear regression technique with multiple inputs (MLR). Four meteorological stations from different geographical regions in Jordan are selected. The ANNs and MLR processes are analysed based on the mean square error, relative/absolute error, determination coefficient as well as the central statistical moments such as mean, standard deviation, and minimum and maximum values. It is found that whilst on one hand the ANNs are slightly better than the MLR in forecasting the monthly total precipitation, on the other hand, both are found with to have limitations which should be improved by means of either changing the type and architecture of the ANNs or incorporating modelling tools such as Markov chains into the forecast model. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
An extract (THC‐002) of Ba‐Wei‐Die‐Huang‐Wan inhibits expression of tachykinins, and P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors, and inhibits ATP‐induced detrusor overactivity in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Imamura Tetsuya , Ishizuka Osamu , Zhong Chen , Ogawa Teruyuki , Nakayama Tsuyoshi , Kurizaki Yoshiki , Tanabe Tomoaki , Nishizawa Osamu , Andersson Karl‐Erik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsTo investigate possible mechanisms of action of THC‐002 (HARNCARE®), a galenical produced from the traditional Chinese herbal mixture Ba‐Wei‐Die‐Huang‐Wan, which has been reported to improve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in patients.MethodsForty‐five female SHRs were randomly separated into three groups. Two groups were given 20 ml physiological saline solution (PSS) per kg‐body weight orally daily for 1 week. An hour after the administration of PSS, one of the groups received 20 mg THC‐002 per kg body weight, and the other a similar volume of THC‐002‐free saline. The third group received no treatments. The bladders were analyzed by real time RT‐PCR (n = 6) and immunohistochemistry (n = 3) for the expression of tachykinins and P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors. Cystometric investigation (n = 6) was conducted after intravesical instillation of saline followed by 5 mg/ml ATP solution.ResultsTreatment with PSS caused and upregulation of tachykinins and P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors, which was prevented in the group treated with THC‐002. In the normal (non‐treated) and non‐THC‐002‐treated SHRs, instillation of the ATP solution decreased voiding interval, micturition volume, and bladder capacity compared to the instillation of saline. However, in the THC‐002‐treated SHRs, ATP instillation had no effect.ConclusionsIn SHRs, THC‐002 reduced the bladder expression of tachykinins and P2X3 and TRPV1 receptors, and inhibited ATP‐induced detrusor overactivity. These effects may explain part of its beneficial effects on LUTS. Neurourol. Urodyn. 28:529–534, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Patient reported outcomes tools in an observational study of female stress urinary incontinence
Authors: van de Vaart Huub , Falconer Christian , Quail Deborah , Timlin Louise , Manning Martina , Tincello Douglas , Tunn Ralf 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAims:To determine which patient characteristics, incontinence and non‐incontinence related, are associated with the symptom severity scores of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI) and the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence (ICIQ‐UI); and to determine the association of both patient characteristics and symptom severity scores with quality‐of‐life scores of the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ) and the Incontinence‐Quality of Life (I‐QOL) questionnaire.Methods:Women presenting with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) symptoms in primary and secondary care entered the Stress Urinary Incontinence Treatment Study (SUIT), an observational study evaluating the cost‐effectiveness of duloxetine compared to other non‐surgical treatments for SUI. At enrolment patients completed the UDI‐6, the short form ICIQ‐UI, the IIQ‐7 and the I‐QOL. Multivariate linear regressions were performed with the UDI‐6, ICIQ‐UI SF, IIQ‐7, and I‐QOL as outcomes. Results:The total number of incontinence episodes is the most significant explanatory variable of the two symptom questionnaire scores, but the UDI‐6 score also reflects the type of incontinence. The variability of the condition‐specific quality‐of‐life questionnaires is primarily explained by the symptom severity questionnaire scores. Although there is a high intercorrelation, both these symptom questionnaires independently contributed significantly to the IIQ‐7 and I‐QOL total scores.Conclusions:The UDI‐6 and ICIQ‐UI SF can be regarded as scientifically sound symptom questionnaires in UI evaluation; but they have differences. Since the UDI‐6 and ICIQ‐UI SF independently contribute to the quality‐of‐life scores, this suggests that in incontinence research symptom questionnaires should not focus only on incontinence, but on a broader range of urogenital symptoms. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:348–353, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bladder urothelial cells from patients with interstitial cystitis have an increased sensitivity to carbachol
Authors: Gupta Gopal N. , Lu Shao‐Gang , Gold Michael S. , Chai Toby C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsThe presence of muscarinic receptors on bladder urothelial cells (BUC), suggests BUC may be a target for antimuscarinics. This study determined whether human BUC are responsive to a muscarinic agonist and if so, whether responses are altered in interstitial cystitis (IC) BUC.MethodsPrimary urothelial cell cultures were established from cystoscopic biopsies. Normal (NB) and IC BUC were studied using calcium imaging techniques as a means to monitor the response to muscarinic receptor activation with the agonist, carbachol (CCh). Changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) were measured with fura‐2 ratiometric microfluorimetry. Dose–response curves (CCh dose vs. [Ca2+]i) were measured in IC and NB BUC. Tolterodine was used to confirm the specificity (muscarinic versus nicotinic) of CCh evoked increases in [Ca2+]i.ResultsCCh induced a dose‐dependent increase in [Ca2+]i. Potency and efficacy of CCh was significantly greater in IC BUC. The maximal increase in [Ca2+]i was 136.3 ± 5.1% over baseline in 78 cells from 4 IC patients versus 92.4 ± 4.8% over baseline in 67 cells from 4 NB subjects (P < 0.01). The EC50 of the evoked increase was 1.10 ± 0.14 µM versus 3.36 ± 0.72 µM (P < 0.01) in BUC from IC and NB controls, respectively. Removal of extracellular calcium or application of tolterodine, abolished CCh evoked increase in [Ca2+]i in IC and NB BUC.ConclusionsThe greater sensitivity of IC BUC to CCh suggests that IC patholobiology may also include alterations muscarinic signaling. The physiologic sequelae of muscarinic activation in BUC need to be further investigated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:1022–1027, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urodynamic findings in female diabetic patients with and without overactive bladder symptoms
Authors: Ho Chen‐Hsun , Tai Huai‐Ching , Yu Hong‐Jeng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsThe purpose was to analyze urodynamic findings in female diabetic patients with OAB symptoms.MethodsData from 94 female diabetic patients who underwent urodynamic studies in evaluation of various LUTS were retrospectively reviewed. Urodynamic findings, demographic data, and clinical symptoms were compared between patients with and without OAB.ResultsAmong the 94 subjects analyzed, 34 (36.2%) were diagnosed as OAB. Demographic data were similar between the patients with and without OAB. In the OAB group, patients had significantly higher storage symptom scores and marginally higher voiding symptom scores. On cystometry, the OAB group had a higher percentage of increased bladder sensation (41.2% vs 11.7%, P = 0.001) and detrusor overactivity (29.4% vs 10.0%, P = 0.023). The OAB group had lower peak flow rate (16.2 ± 5.9 vs 19.3 ± 6.3 ml/s, P = 0.023), greater PVR volume (60.3 ± 29.4 vs 45.0 ± 25.1 ml, P = 0.009), and lower bladder voiding efficiency (BVE, 75.2 ± 2.8 vs 81.5 ± 2.9%, P < 0.001). On pressure‐flow studies, the OAB group had a higher percentage of BOO (26.5% vs 6.7%, P = 0.008).ConclusionsOur study shows that the most frequent urodynamic finding of OAB in female diabetic patients is increased bladder sensation, followed by detrusor overactivity. Compared to those without OAB, female diabetic patients with OAB are more likely to have impaired voiding function, characterized by lower peak flow rate, greater PVR volume, lower BVE, and a higher percentage of BOO. In these patients, BOO not only causes voiding difficulty but may also contribute to the development of OAB. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:424–427, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pretreatments of natural fibers and their application as reinforcing material in polymer composites—A review
Authors: Kalia Susheel , Kaith B.S. , Kaur Inderjeet 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn recent years, natural fibers reinforced composites have received much attention because of their lightweight, nonabrasive, combustible, nontoxic, low cost and biodegradable properties. Among the various natural fibers; flax, bamboo, sisal, hemp, ramie, jute, and wood fibers are of particular interest. A lot of research work has been performed all over the world on the use of natural fibers as a reinforcing material for the preparation of various types of composites. However, lack of good interfacial adhesion, low melting point, and poor resistance towards moisture make the use of natural fiber reinforced composites less attractive. Pretreatments of the natural fiber can clean the fiber surface, chemically modify the surface, stop the moisture absorption process, and increase the surface roughness. Among the various pretreatment techniques, graft copolymerization and plasma treatment are the best methods for surface modification of natural fibers. Graft copolymers of natural fibers with vinyl monomers provide better adhesion between matrix and fiber. In the present article, the use of pretreated natural fibers in polymer matrix‐based composites has been reviewed. Effect of surface modification of natural fibers on the properties of fibers and fiber reinforced polymer composites has also been discussed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cells produced by selenisation of magnetron sputtered precursors
Authors: Zoppi G. , Forbes I. , Miles R. W. , Dale P. J. , Scragg J. J. , Peter L. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolycrystalline thin films of Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) were produced by selenisation of Cu(Zn,Sn) magnetron sputtered metallic precursors for solar cell applications. The p‐type CZTSe absorber films were found to crystallize in the stannite structure (a = 5·684 Å and c = 11·353 Å) with an electronic bandgap of 0·9 eV. Solar cells with the indium tin oxide structure (ITO)/ZnO/CdS/CZTSe/Mo were fabricated with device efficiencies up to 3·2% measured under standard AM1·5 illumination. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crystalline β‐structure of PHBV grown epitaxially on silicate layers of MMT
Authors: Ublekov F. , Baldrian J. , Nedkov E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)/montmorillonite(MMT) nanocomposites were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (WAXS). The aim of the investigation was solution intercalation of MMT with PHBV. Beside the usual orthorhombic unit cell, a stable pseudohexagonal β‐structure of PHBV was obtained. Well known β‐structure has one common WAXS reflection (d = 0.480 nm), which corresponds to the mean distance of PHBV chains in the pseudohexagonal structure. The new β‐structure has two diffraction peaks in the WAXS pattern. It is a three‐dimensionally ordered crystalline structure oriented in parallel with the silica layers of MMT. The new polymorphic form is supposed to be growing on the layers of MMT. Its layers serve as primary nucleation centers for epitaxial growth of the β‐structure. After annealing, this polymorphic form of PHBV disappears and it is transformed into the more stable α‐form leading to an enhanced total crystallinity of the polymer comprised in the nanocomposite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 751–755, 2009
The sulfonation of crosslinked poly(ether ether ketone)—Diffusion‐controlled kinetics
Authors: Al Lafi Abdul G. , Hay James N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effect of crosslinks introduced by ion irradiation with 11.7 MeV proton and 30 MeV helium ions on the reactivity of poly(ether‐ether‐ketone) (PEEK) to sulfonation have been investigated following the kinetics of the reaction at room temperature. Concentrated sulfuric acid was used as a swelling and sulfonating agent and the reaction was followed by changes in the FTIR spectrum. The rate of reaction decreased with the degree of crosslinking and the progress with time was consistent with diffusion control of the sulfuric acid into the crosslinked matrix. The results were consistent with the efficiency of the ions in crosslinking PEEK and in particular with the differences in their linear energy transfer (LET). © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 47: 775–783, 2009