bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment outcomes and the role of the DES scheme in the appropriate treatment selection for high-grade dural arteriovenous fistulas
Authors: Beyersdorf Benjamin , Voglis Stefanos , Zhao Guoming , Sarnthein Johannes , Regli Luca , Germans Menno R. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Endovascular and microsurgical treatment are viable options for the majority of Borden type III dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs). The aim of this study was to examine treatment outcomes in a comparative analysis of endovascular and surgical treatment modalities for Borden type III fistulas and explore clinical implications of the DES scheme in selecting ideal candidates for surgical therapy.

METHODS
Patients diagnosed with dAVFs with leptomeningeal venous drainage admitted to the Departments of Neurosurgery or Neuroradiology of the University Hospital Zurich between January 2014 and October 2021 were included in this study. Comprehensive patient data including demographics, clinical presentation, and dAVF characteristics, including established classifications, were collected. Treatment outcomes were assessed based on postinterventional angiography findings. In addition, treatment-related complications were assessed based on the Clavien-Dindo classification.

RESULTS
Among all Borden type III dAVFs, 15 were initially treated endovascularly (60% complete occlusion rate) and 10 with microsurgical disconnection (90% complete occlusion rate) (p = 0.18). Subgroup analysis of dAVFs meeting the criteria for directness and exclusivity based on the DES scheme showed a 100% complete occlusion rate after microsurgical disconnection, whereas embolization achieved a complete occlusion rate of 60% (p = 0.06). There was no significant difference in the rate or severity of treatment-related complications between treatment modalities.

CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that microsurgical disconnection is a viable primary treatment modality for Borden type III dAVFs, particularly for dAVFs that meet the criteria of directness and exclusivity according to the DES scheme. The DES scheme demonstrates its relevance in selecting the most appropriate treatment strategy for affected patients.
Dural arteriovenous fistula in the setting of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and COVID-19 infection
Authors: Liang Allison S. , Bounajem Michael T. , Shoskes Aaron , Grandhi Ramesh 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to examine the presence of concurrent venous thrombosis and COVID-19 infections in patients with dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs).

METHODS
An analysis of all patients diagnosed with dAVF via cerebral angiography by the senior author was conducted, with special attention given to the presence of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) and COVID-19 infection. General demographics, clinical presentation, presence of CVST, and COVID-19 infection status were reported.

RESULTS
A total of 30 patients with dAVFs were included in this study. Three patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 (10%), with one of these patients developing CVST (33%) at 6 months postinfection. Of the 27 patients not infected with COVID-19, one was diagnosed with a likely chronic CVST at the time of presentation of dAVF (4%). A total of 11 case reports and 3 retrospective studies describing patients diagnosed with CVST at or after diagnosis of dAVFs have been reported in the literature. The incidence of dAVFs in patients with CVST has been reported as 2.4%, and the incidence of dAVF has reportedly increased five- to tenfold since the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS
COVID-19 infections may pose as an emerging risk factor for the development of CVST and subsequent dAVF development. To the authors’ knowledge, this study presents the first cases in the literature describing a temporal relationship between COVID-19 and development of a dAVF with CVST. The effect of both COVID-19 and associated vaccines should be further assessed in future studies to examine its impact as an effect modifier on the association of dAVF and CVST.
Safety evaluation of sinus patency after stereotactic radiosurgery for transverse–sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas: implications of treatment options for patients with Borden type I fistulas
Authors: Umekawa Motoyuki , Shinya Yuki , Hasegawa Hirotaka , Koizumi Satoshi , Katano Atsuto , Saito Nobuhito 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in treating transverse–sigmoid sinus dural arteriovenous fistulas (TSS DAVFs), and to investigate post-SRS sinus patency, focusing on the risk factors associated with treated sinus occlusion.

METHODS
Data from 34 patients treated with SRS between January 2006 and April 2023 were analyzed. Detailed angioarchitecture was confirmed using digital subtraction angiography before SRS. Angiography of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery and vertebral artery was performed to evaluate whether the involved side of the TSS was used for normal venous drainage. TSS stenosis was defined as sinus diameter < 50% of the normal proximal diameter. DAVF shunt obliteration, TSS occlusion, neurological status, and adverse events were also evaluated.

RESULTS
Of the 34 patients, 21 had Borden type I and 14 had Borden type II DAVFs. The median age at SRS was 64 years (interquartile range 54–71 years), and the follow-up period was 31 months (interquartile range 15–94 months). Complete shunt obliteration was achieved in 24 (70.6%) patients. The cumulative 2-, 3-, and 5-year shunt obliteration rates were 49.6%, 71.2%, and 86.0%, respectively. Borden type I had higher obliteration rates (60.5%, 83.1%, and 94.4%, respectively) than Borden type II (41.7%, 51.4%, and 75.7%, respectively; p = 0.034). TSS occlusion occurred in 5 patients (14.7%). The cumulative 1-, 5-, and 10-year TSS occlusion rates were 2.9%, 8.3%, and 23.6%, respectively, across the entire cohort. All occlusions occurred exclusively in the sinuses that were not used for normal venous drainage. Cox proportional analyses revealed that TSS stenosis and the sinus not being used for normal venous drainage were significantly associated with a greater risk of TSS occlusion after SRS (HR 9.44, 95% CI 1.01–77.13; p = 0.049).

CONCLUSIONS
SRS is effective and safe for TSS DAVF and results in favorable shunt obliteration, symptom improvement, and low complication rates. TSS occlusion after SRS is asymptomatic and is limited to sinuses that are not used for normal venous drainage.
Dural arteriovenous fistulas are not observed to convert to a higher grade after partial embolization
Authors: Walker Erin , Srienc Anja , Lew Daphne , Guniganti Ridhima , Lanzino Giuseppe , Brinjikji Waleed , Hayakawa Minako , Samaniego Edgar A. , Derdeyn Colin P. , Du Rose , Lai Rosalind , Sheehan Jason P. , Starke Robert M. , Abla Adib , Abdelsalam Ahmed , Gross Bradley , Albuquerque Felipe , Lawton Michael T. , Kim Louis J. , Levitt Michael , Amin-Hanjani Sepideh , Alaraj Ali , Winkler Ethan , Fox W. Christopher , Polifka Adam , Hall Samuel , Bulters Diederik , Durnford Andrew , Satomi Junichiro , Tada Yoshiteru , van Dijk J. Marc C. , Potgieser Adriaan R. E. , Chen Ching-Jen , Becerril-Gaitan Andrea , Osbun Joshua W. , Zipfel Gregory J. 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVE
Borden-Shucart type I dural arteriovenous fistulas (dAVFs) lack cortical venous drainage and occasionally necessitate intervention depending on patient symptoms. Conversion is the rare transformation of a low-grade dAVF to a higher grade. Factors associated with increased risk of dAVF conversion to a higher grade are poorly understood. The authors hypothesized that partial treatment of type I dAVFs is an independent risk factor for conversion.

METHODS
The multicenter Consortium for Dural Arteriovenous Fistula Outcomes Research database was used to perform a retrospective analysis of all patients with type I dAVFs.

RESULTS
Three hundred fifty-eight (33.2%) of 1077 patients had type I dAVFs. Of those 358 patients, 206 received endovascular treatment and 131 were not treated. Two (2.2%) of 91 patients receiving partial endovascular treatment for a low-grade dAVF experienced conversion to a higher grade, 2 (1.5%) of 131 who were not treated experienced conversion, and none (0%) of 115 patients who received complete endovascular treatment experienced dAVF conversion. The majority of converted dAVFs localized to the transverse-sigmoid sinus and all received embolization as part of their treatment.

CONCLUSIONS
Partial treatment of type I dAVFs does not appear to be significantly associated with conversion to a higher grade.
Effect of Internet Use on Cognitive Function of Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults in China: Evidence from China Family Panel Studies
Authors: Xia Xuefei , Yuan Pingqiao , Zhao Xue , Jia Fang Rong , Li Bangyang , Cai Peng 
Published: March 2024

Background: The development and popularization of the Internet provides an important opportunity to advance national strategies for healthy aging, particularly the impact of the Internet on cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. Objective: This study aimed to quantify the impact of Internet use on the cognitive health of middle-aged and older adults (aged≥45 years). Methods: We used data from the Chinese Family Panel Study (CFPS) survey, tested the robustness of the baseline findings by variable substitution and instrumental variables methods, and analyzed heterogeneity. Subsequently, five purposes of Internet use that affect cognitive function were analyzed in depth. Results: Internet use may improve cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults. The effect of Internet use on cognitive function was more pronounced in the lower age group (45–59 years), among males, in rural areas, and among middle-aged and older adults with higher levels of education. Cognitive functioning of middle-aged and older adults varied according to how often they used the Internet for entertainment, socialization, study, work, and business activities. Conclusions: The use of the Internet may be considered a practical non-pharmacological intervention to slow cognitive decline in middle-aged and older adults.
Evaluation of the Effects of Opium on the Expression of SOX2 and OCT4 in Wistar Rat Bladder
Authors: Menbari Oskouie Iman , Zareian Baghdadabad Leila , Mashhadi Rahil , Zahmatkesh Parisa , Mirzaei Akram , Khajavi Alireza , Noori Maryam , Mesbah Gholamreza , Aghamir Seyed Mohammad Kazem 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer is a malignancy greatly affected by behavioral habits. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of opium on changes in the expression of OCT4 and SOX2 in the bladder tissue of rats. METHOD: Thirty six rats were divided into six groups: 24 rats in the addicted group received morphine and opium for 4 months with 12 rats in the control group. Blood testing was done for the evaluation of CBC, MDA, and TAC. The bladder tissue was removed and checked by histopathological examination. All total RNA was extracted, then cDNAs were synthesized and the OCT 4 and SOX2 gene expressions were evaluated by Real-time PCR. RESULTS: The OCT4 mRNA expression level in the opium group of rats was significantly increased compared to the control group (13.5 and 6.8 fold in males and females respectively). Also, in the morphine group, similar augmentation was detected (3.8 and 6.7 fold in males and females respectively). The SOX2 mRNA over-expression level was seen in the morphine group of both genders as compared to the control group (3.7 and 4.2 fold in male and female respectively) but in the opium group, enhancement of mRNA level was seen only in males (6.6 fold). Opium increases both OCT4 and SOX2 expression more than morphine in male rats, but in female rats, SOX2 is increased more by morphine. CONCLUSION: Over expression of OCT4 and SOX2 was observed in rats treated with opium and morphine. Increased OCT4 and SOX2 expression was seen in opium-treated male rats, but in female rats, SOX2 was increased more by morphine.
Propagation effect of lightning electromagnetic field along real ground surface and its validation on correcting lightning location system errors
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Zhao , Luan Zaimao , Cao Xuefen , Meng Fanhui , Song Lin 
Published: March 2024

Artificially triggered lightning experimental data from Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experimental Base on Lightning Discharge (GCOELD) was applied to analyze the propagation effect of lightning electromagnetic field along the real ground surface. The accuracy of the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) on correcting lightning location system (LLS) errors was validated compared with the Elevation Model (EM). Results show that the wave-shape and time-delay of electromagnetic fields can be significantly affected when they propagate over the real ground surface. The time-delay of the field waveform become larger with an increasing roughness. The wavefront electric field is enhanced due to the reflection and variant of the wave when lightning waves propagate across the high and sharp terrain. Near the lightning strokes, the peak of vertical electric value decreases significantly with the electrostatic shielding effect. The max time delay calculated by FDTD is 8.34 μs; while that by EM is 6.55 μs. In the selected nine lightning stroke points, eight are positively revised by EM, and five by FDTD. Both FDTD and EM can be used on LLS error revision caused by the real ground surface around GCOELD, although EM is more efficient than FDTD in this case.
Enhanced LA-HBO technique for optimal position of PMU with complete prominence
Authors: Kabra Preeti , Rani D. Sudha 
Published: March 2024

This manuscript proposes a hybrid technique for determining the optimal positioning of phasor measurement units (PMUs) in power systems. The PMUs play a crucial role in power system control, wide-area monitoring, and protection. The proposed hybrid method is the joint execution of the Lichtenberg algorithm (LA) and the heap-based optimization (HBO) technique. Hence, it is named the LA-HBO technique. The objective of the proposed method is to place the PMUs in the power system for observability. The goal is to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of PMU placement, ensuring optimal positioning for improved grid monitoring capabilities. The Lichtenberg Algorithm (LA) enhances PMU placement by addressing system observability challenges and ensuring that selected locations provide comprehensive coverage of the power grid. The heap-based approach optimizes PMU placement by efficiently managing the selection process, considering factors like computational efficiency and scalability. The proposed hybrid technique is implemented in IEEE-30 and -14 bus systems. The MATLAB-based simulation results are compared with the various existing methods, such as Sea Lion Optimization (SLO), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Ant Bee Colony Optimization (ABC). By then, the outcome reveals the efficacy of the proposed method for defining the optimum PMU locations. The proposed method shows a low computational time of 0.02348 sec for the IEEE-14 bus, and 0.03565 sec for the IEEE-30 bus compared with other existing methods.
Secure heart disease prediction model using ESVO-based Swish Bessel CNN classifier
Authors: Pawar Shilpa Devram , Rao Damala Dayakar 
Published: March 2024

Heart disease is a critical issue that affects people, causes serious sickness, and is the main cause of mortality worldwide. Early diagnosis of disease plays a significant role in heart disease prediction and is attained by various automation techniques. The availability of automation techniques initiates the necessity for medical data and the storage of medical data becomes a research problem due to its high sensitivity. The emergence of IoT networks formed a promising solution for data storage through the cloud server and preventing the data from various threats is a challenging problem. A secure heart disease prediction system is developed by the utility of the ESVO-based Swish Bessel CNN classifier (Emperor Spheniscidae Vampire Optimization-based Swish Bessel Convolutional Neural Network), and the important significance of the research depends on the ESVO optimization that helps in gaining a deeper insight of the classifier as well as helps in preventing the threatening of data. The security of the cloud server is enhanced by the EDH-ECC (Entropy Diffie Hellman – Elliptic Curve Cryptography) which promotes the information exchange even in unsecured channels. Similarly, the authentication and authorization of the cloud server are carried out using the EAN-13 and salt-based digital signature that initiates strong credentials and enhance data security. Finally, the heart disease is diagnosed using the ESVO-based Swish Bessel CNN classifier. Assessing the accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and F1-measure, which provided values of 94.877 %, 95.464 %, 93.293 %, and 95.14 % shows the effectiveness of the research.
BIOMETRIC AND REPRODUCTIVE INDICATORS IN Perna perna (Linnaeus, 1758) MUSSELS FROM COASTAL MARICULTURE IN RIO DE JANEIRO, BRAZIL
Authors: De Freitas Guimarães Filho Carlos Eduardo , Andrade Calixto Flávia Aline , Kasnowski Holanda Duarte Maria Carmela , Marques de Mesquita Eliana de Fátima 
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to analyze biometric and reproductive mussel indicators (Perna perna) from coastal maricultures in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The collections were carried out with a total of 480 animals in the four seasons of the year (autumn, winter, spring and summer), from March 2019 to February 2020. Two mussel samples were collected each season (n = 60) with average measurements of 23.9 mm for width, 33.8 mm for height, 69.9 mm for length, and 28.3 g for weight (shell + soft parts) in both coastal regions. Samples from Forno beach exhibited higher homogeneity in the winter for all evaluated parameters (width, height, length and weight). Mussel weight was the most variable parameter due to factors such as water flow, nutrients, and gonadal maturation stage. Regarding reproductive parameters, a predominance of females was observed at both beaches throughout all four seasons. Additionally, a predominance of both males and females at substage IIIA was observed during autumn and winter, while substage IIIC showed the highest presence in spring and summer.
Keywords: Bivalve Mollusk; Growth indicators; Marine Biology; Reproduction
ARTIFICIAL REEFS IN BRAZIL: PERSPECTIVES ON THE RESTORATION OF MARINE ECOSYSTEMS
Authors: Bracho Villavicencio Carolina , Silveira Raisa Maria , Viana Marques Elissandra , Ferreira Nobre Lucas Ricardo , Vasconcelos do Nascimento Vitória , De Oliveira Soares Marcelo , Rossi Sergio , Matthews Cascon Helena 
Published: March 2024

Os recifes artificiais (ARs) podem restaurar ecossistemas de recifes degradados quando implementados adequadamente. Apesar do interesse crescente, existe controvérsia devido aos variados impactos associados a essas estruturas. Cada local em todo o mundo possui leis e regulamentos exclusivos relativos à implementação de AR. Neste artigo, avaliamos criticamente e atualizamos o estado da arte sobre ARs no Brasil, explorando sua história, os aspectos-chave e o conhecimento científico sobre seu status e perspectivas futuras. Os ARs têm sido utilizados na costa brasileira por entidades governamentais desde a década de 1980 e por comunidades locais com o objetivo de aumentar a produtividade pesqueira desde a década de 1990. No entanto, aspectos importantes, como a monitorização ambiental, a avaliação do local, as tecnologias de materiais, a concepção e as considerações socioeconômicas, não foram extensivamente abordados. Consequentemente, o planejamento inadequado gerou impactos econômicos e socioambientais, como espécies invasoras, poluição e perturbações nas estruturas tróficascomunitárias, afetando a costa brasileira econômica, social e ecologicamente. Embora tenham sido feitos alguns progressos na legislação, são necessárias mais especificações e ferramentas baseadas na ciência. Também surgiram preocupações sobre o naufrágio de numerosos navios para fins turísticos. Assim, apresentamos uma ferramenta de tomada de decisão para utilização de AR, enfatizando planejamento científico, avaliações, estratégias de longo prazo, estudos interdisciplinares e políticas públicas para gestão e monitoramento, incluindo ARs existentes.
Palavras-chave: recife artificial, Brasil, gestão costeira, restauração, pesca.
On n-Dimensional Maxwell and Dirac Equations in Curved Space-Time and Its Applications in SO(p,q) Group Theoretic Image Processing
Authors: Parthasarathy Harish 
Published: March 2024

Maxwell equations in p time and q spatial dimensions are formulated. Properties of the Green’s function for the associated (p,q)-wave operator are derived. The notions of electric and magnetic fields in (p,q)-dimensions is explored by analogy with four dimensional physics. SO(p,q) invariance properties of the Maxwell equations are deduced and used to formulate SO(p,q)-group theoretic image processing problems in (p,q)-dimensions. Dirac’s equation in (p,q)-dimensional space-time is derived using the Clifford algebra of the Dirac gamma matrices. SO(p,q)-invariance of the Dirac equation based on the spinor representation of \(SO(p,q)\) is mentioned. The Maxwell’s equations in (p,q)-dimensional curved space-time is analyzed using perturbation theory. The Einstein-Maxwell equations for (p,q)-dimensional gravity and electromagnetism is studied and used to derive the equations of motion of point charges carrying mass moving under mutual gravitational and electromagnetic interactions in general relativity. Finally, Dirac’s equation in (p,q)-dimensional curved space-time interacting with the (p,q)-dimensional electromagnetic field is looked at. \(U(1)\)-Gauge, local SO(p,q) Lorentz and diffeomorphism invariance of this equation is analyzed. Local \(SO(p,q)\) invariance of the curved space-time Dirac equation is deduced based on transformation properties of the Dirac matrices under the spinor representation.

Keywords: Maxwell equations, \(SO(p,q)\) group, Riemannian metric, flat space-time, curved space-time, Clifford algebra in n-dimensions, Dirac equation, Dirac Gamma matrices, Representation of a group, spin group, spin representation, Einstein field equations, Green’s function in n-dimensional space, group representations in image field processing.
EL ARBITRAJE FINANCIERO EN MÉXICO.RAZONES PARA SU MODIFICACIÓN INTEGRAL.
Authors: Rocha Núñez Eduardo 
Published: March 2024

<p>El arbitraje es el procedimiento idóneo para la resolución de controversias que se suscitan en las relaciones comerciales. Su aceptación en México es cada vez mayor, principalmente en procedimientos arbitrales internacionales. Sin embargo, no sucede lo mismo en el ámbito interno a pesar de ser una figura que está debidamente regulada en el Código de Comercio. Por otra parte, el sector financiero es el sector en el que resulta más evidente su carencia de efectividad. De acuerdo con los datos obtenidos de la Comisión Nacional para la Protección y Defensa de los Usuarios de Servicios Financieros, en 19 años de vida institucional únicamente ha conocido 73 procedimientos de arbitraje. Esto evidencia que existe un serio problema de aplicación de procedimientos arbitrales en el sector financiero. El objetivo central de esta investigación es analizar las posibles causas de esa problemática: (i) la pertinencia del arbitraje para resolver asuntos de índole financiero; (ii) la conveniencia de que un organismo del Estado que funja como árbitro en procedimientos arbitrales de índole privado y, (iii) realizar un estudio sobre si es adecuada la regulación del procedimiento arbitral en la Ley de Protección y Defensa al Usuario de Servicios Financieros. Todo lo anterior con la finalidad de sentar las bases para una reforma integral del procedimiento arbitral en el ámbito financiero.</p>