bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metazoan parasites in an intermediate host population near its southern border: the common cockle (Cerastoderma edule) and its trematodes in a Moroccan coastal lagoon (Merja Zerga)
Authors: Gam Mériame , Bazaïri Hocein , Jensen K. Thomas , de Montaudouin Xavier 
Published: March 2008

The metazoan parasite community of Cerastoderma edule was studied in the southern geographical range of the host (the coastal lagoon Merja Zerga, Morocco). A total of 11 metazoan species was found in cockles. Nine of these were trematodes using cockles as either first intermediate host (three species) or second intermediate host (six species). In addition, two other endo-metazoan species (Pinnotheres pisum and Paravortex cardii) were recorded from cockles in the studied lagoon. All the observed metazoans in cockles from Merja Zerga have previously been recorded at sites north of Africa.Up to 10% of the cockles in the studied size-groups were first intermediate hosts to castrating parasites (Gymnophallus choledochus, Labratrema minimus and Monorchis parvus). Among trematodes having metacercariae in cockles (second intermediate host) Meiogymnophallus minutus was the most widespread as it was observed in all cockles from all the examined habitats in the lagoon and it occurred in record high intensities. Different sub-communities of the trematode fauna using cockles as second intermediate host could be identified (subtidal vs intertidal associations).The richness and species composition of the macroparasite community in cockles from Morocco are discussed in relation to patterns seen in cockles from other sites along their geographical range. Migratory fish and waterbirds (final hosts) are generally responsible for the large scale spread (latitudinal spread) of trematodes. However, the distributional patterns of involved intermediate hosts in the life-cycles of the different trematode species in cockles are determining the richness and species composition patterns seen in cockles at shallow water sites along the east Atlantic shoreline.
Breast radiotherapy: a single centre survey of non-medical weekly patient review
Authors: McIlroy P. , McIntyre A. , Ross A. , Gallagher C. , Brown C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAims: Monitoring and reviewing patients during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer is an integral component of care and was until recently a predominantly medical domain. Patients were often reviewed in busy routine breast clinics, for short consultations with a variety of medical staff and with little time to address questions or concerns. Non-medical treatment review clinics, staffed by senior nursing and senior therapy radiographers have been introduced to provide a dedicated, consistent treatment review. This survey was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the non-medical review of these patients.Materials and methods: This was a prospective survey of all patients attending for breast or chest wall radiotherapy, between 1st July 2003 and 30th June 2004. Patients were invited to complete and return a postal questionnaire related to their treatment and treatment review. Review staff collected data on demographic information, clinical history and treatment intent for these patients at first visit. At subsequent weekly review visits, data were recorded relating to patient assessment, interventions and referrals initiated. Skin reactions were graded using Radiation Therapy Oncology Group scoring tool.Results: One thousand and ninety-five patient questionnaires were distributed and 865 (79%) were returned. There were high satisfaction scores with the time spent with review staff (99.7%) and the ability to discuss all aspects of treatment and concerns (99.1%). One hundred and ninety-three patients were referred to non-medical staff for additional support. Five hundred and forty-four were referred to medical staff. The majority (437) were planned referrals to their clinical oncologist to prescribe a ‘boost’ or review endocrine treatment and 107 to their general practitioner for routine visits and employment certificates. Review staff data of 1,067 patients showed 342 referrals for treatment and non-treatment related physical problems, 80 referrals for additional information and emotional support. Majority of skin reactions were grade 1 or 2a.Conclusion: The successful identification of patients’ supportive needs and high patient satisfaction with this service supports the use of this approach.
Role development for therapy radiographers in breast planning: a case study and discussion of influencing factors
Authors: Welgemoed C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurpose:The purpose of this case study is to discuss factors that have an influence on the process of role development in radiotherapy breast planning.Key themes:This article describes the process of development as experienced by the author and discusses factors that hindered the process of role development. These factors include development of a career plan, professional issues, resources, organisational structures, support from consultants, managers, multi-disciplinary, and professional colleagues and peer resistance.Conclusion:The author makes recommendations that may contribute to improving the role development strategy in the profession and aid successful implementation of advanced practitioner and consultant roles for those radiographers who aspire to the consultant radiographer role in future. The article concludes that there is a need to identify, standardise and coordinate role development for therapy radiographers nationally to increase the appointment of more consultant radiographers.
Connecting With Culture Through Middle School Environmental Curriculum
Authors: Inglebret Ella , Pavel D. Michael , Lehr Tamara 
Published: March 2008

Abstract

Purpose:
This article presents an approach for incorporating indigenous culture into language and literacy intervention for middle school students. The approach is centered on the use of environmental education curriculum.

Method:
Seven over-arching standards for effective pedagogy in facilitating the learning of indigenous students are discussed. These standards are based on 25 years of ongoing research at the Center for Research on Education, Diversity & Excellence (CREDE). Application of the standards is illustrated through use of the Shadow of the Salmon curriculum being developed by the Northwest Indian Fisheries Commission and Salmon Defense. This curriculum is grounded in the cultural beliefs, values, and traditions of indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest.

Conclusion:
Speech-language pathologists can draw from resources available through other disciplines, such as environmental science, to generate culturally responsive pedagogy and materials that promote language and literacy skills for students of indigenous background.
Preparing Clinicians to Treat Stuttering: Looking to the Future
Authors: Watson Jennifer B. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Recently, at the ASHA-sponsored Speech-Language Pathology Education Summit, clinicians and academicians explored issues affecting the preparation of future speech-language pathologists. From this discussion emerged several faculty, academic, practice, and student considerations for educating future generations of clinicians to treat stuttering. Preparing this next generation of clinicians will require identifying and supporting faculty as they share, in ways that are relevant to today’s students, their passion for understanding and treating stuttering. Academic models preparing both undergraduate and graduate students will need to be flexible, less linear, and more integrated with clearly delineated preparation outcomes in stuttering. Partnerships with externship supervisors treating people who stutter should be valued and supported. Further, recognizing and appreciating generational differences in work views will enhance student recruitment and retention in the area of stuttering. The multiple roles and activities associated with stuttering treatment along with the complexities of the disorder may be appealing to current students and speak to their attraction to multitasking and doing work that is meaningful. Pedagogical approaches should integrate technology in meaningful and effective ways. Finally, a Weighted SLP formula is proposed to remind us of the need for multiple strategies in addressing the multidimensionality of these issues.
Problem-Based Learning in Fluency and Stuttering
Authors: Amster Barbara J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Problem Based Learning is a student oriented educational approach designed to help students develop critical thinking. Its use in a graduate course on fluency and stuttering is discussed. Examples of problem scenarios used in the class are provided. From the beginning to the end of the semester, students’ perceived competency of their knowledge and skill in fluency and stuttering significantly increased. It is speculated that the use of Problem Based Learning helped in this regard.
Meeting the Listening Needs of Adolescents: FM and Other Technologies
Authors: Kordas Tammy 
Published: March 2008

The benefits of frequency-modulated (FM) systems have been well established. An FM system provides a favorable signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio even in the most difficult listening situations. With today's technology, FM systems are smaller and easier to use; however, many older school-aged children and adolescents choose to not use them, due to a variety of reasons. This manuscript provides suggestions for creative ways for audiologists to meet the needs of adolescents.
Audiologists who work with school-aged children and adolescents can be creative in regards to FM technology and encourage FM use beyond the traditional classroom. Audiologists also can provide information on assistive devices and alternative technology such as the use of direct audio input (DAI), vibrating alarm clocks, and Bluetooth® technology. These options may address the unique listening needs of adolescents and allow them to interact and participate in the same activities as their normal-hearing peers.
Oral Care and the Elderly
Authors: Ashford John R. , Skelley Michelle 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this report is to review the normal environment of the oropharyngeal cavity, examine its potential role in the development of pneumonia, and examine the beneficial effects of oral care in the prevention of pneumonia among the sick and elderly. The oropharynx is a very diverse environment of structures, functions, and ecology. Normal bacterial florae existing in this environment are limited in their efforts to colonize in the moist oral tissues by immune properties present in saliva and mucous. Lack of oral maintenance or the occurrence of a severe illness may provide an opportunity for these pathogens to colonize and multiply. Aspiration of certain oral pathogens into the lower respiratory tract has been associated with the development of pneumonia leading to illness complications and death in some elderly or sick persons. Oral care using brushes and oral rinses have been shown to significantly reduce pneumonia development and fever in the sick and elderly populations. An important new role of speech-language pathologists is to assert themselves as practitioners and advocates of better oral health with these populations.
Food for Thought: How Do Patients With ALS Decide About Having a PEG?
Authors: Leslie Paula 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Dysphagia is a distressing problem in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Patients and caregivers must decide whether to use supplementary non-oral feeding. The deliberations and timing of this decision may be haphazard. The optimum time for this choice, in terms of residual (quality) life expectancy and decision competency, is unknown. Health-care workers may fear that even the offer of enteral feeding might be construed as an unwelcome landmark on the disease deterioration. This paper provides a qualitative report on the subjective experiences of 2 patients deciding whether to have a PEG or not. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with each patient and transcripts are provided for the reader to review.
Due Process Hearings: Understanding, Preventing, Preparing
Authors: Power-deFur Lissa , O'Toole Thomas 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The words due process typically trigger dread, anxiety, and perhaps anger for school administrators, teachers, and speech-language pathologists. We agree with Moore and Montgomery, that “…a due process hearing is like a court proceeding where evidence is presented and, ultimately, one side prevails. The general feeling about due process hearings is that, in the long run, no one really wins as there are so many hard feelings after these events” (2008, p. 317).
Accessory renal artery stenosis and hypertension: are these correlated? evaluation using multidetector-row computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Saba L. , Sanfilippo R. , Montisci R. , Conti M. , Mallarini G. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Renal artery stenosis may produce hypertension, and this condition is referred to as renovascular hypertension (RVH). Purpose: To evaluate, by using multidetector-row spiral computed tomographic angiography (MDCTA), whether a relationship between accessory renal artery stenosis and hypertension may be hypothesized. Material and Methods: 214 patients (142 males, 72 females; mean age 66 years) who had previously undergone an MDCTA to study the abdominal vasculature were retrospectively studied. Patients with renal artery stenosis (RAS) were excluded from this analysis. The patients were studied by means of a four-detector-row CT, and scans were obtained after intravenous bolus administration of 110–140 ml of a nonionic contrast material with a 3–6 ml/s flow rate. As a second step, by means of statistical analysis, hypertension data were compared with findings of accessory artery stenosis. Two radiologists first independently reviewed the MDCTA images and then, in case of disagreement, in consensus. Interobserver agreement was calculated for all measurements. Results: The overall number of detected accessory renal arteries was 74 in 56 of the 214 patients. Accessory renal artery stenosis was detected in 21 of the 56 patients. There was a difference in the prevalence of hypertension between patients with ( n = 21) and without ( n = 35) accessory renal artery stenosis ( P = 0.0187). Interobserver agreement was good (kappa value 0.733). Conclusion: Any statistical association between the presence of accessory renal artery stenosis and hypertension could not be disclosed. However, accessory renal artery stenosis, detected by MDCTA, is an important pathological sign that the radiologist has to assess in the light of its possible association with hypertension.
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma: computed tomographic differentiation from other thyroid masses
Authors: Lee Jun Won , Yoon Dae Young , Choi Chul Soon , Chang Suk Ki , Yun Eun Joo , Seo Young Lan , Rho Young-Soo , Cho Sung Jin , Kim Keon Ha 
Published: March 2008

Background: Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma is rare but is one of the most aggressive malignancies. Therefore, accurate diagnosis is important in order to provide appropriate therapy. Purpose: To establish useful computed tomographic (CT) criteria for differentiating anaplastic carcinoma from other thyroid masses. Material and Methods: The CT scans of nine patients with anaplastic carcinomas were retrospectively reviewed and compared with those of 32 patients with papillary carcinomas ( n = 12) or benign lesions ( n = 20) exceeding a maximum diameter of 2.0 cm. Image analysis was performed according to the following CT parameters: size, margin (well defined or ill defined), composition (cystic, mixed, or solid), mean attenuation value, ratio of attenuation of the mass to that of the adjacent muscle (M/m attenuation ratio), necrosis (present or absent), and calcification (stippled, nodular, or absent) of the thyroid mass; and tumor-spreading patterns including the presence of surrounding normal thyroid tissue in the involved lobe, involvement of the contralateral thyroid lobe, extension into the adjacent structures, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Results: Anaplastic carcinomas appeared as large (average 4.6 cm), solid (100%), and ill-defined (88.9%) masses accompanied by necrosis (100%), nodular calcification (44.4%), direct invasion into the adjacent organs (55.6%), and cervical lymph node involvement (77.8%). Tumor necrosis was the most valuable parameter in differentiating anaplastic carcinomas from other thyroid masses. Patient age (>70 years) and low attenuation value on postcontrast scan (attenuation value <100 HU, or M/m attenuation ratio <1.3) are also helpful predictors for anaplastic carcinoma. Conclusion: If a patient is older than 70 years of age and has a large necrotic thyroid mass of low attenuation, anaplastic carcinoma should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Detection and characterization of focal liver lesions with contrast-enhanced ultrasonography in patients with hepatitis c-induced liver cirrhosis
Authors: Rahbin N. , Siösteen A.-K. , Elvin A. , Blomqvist L. , Hagen K. , Hultcrantz R. , Aleman S. 
Published: March 2008

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated liver cirrhosis provides a major preneoplastic condition for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Ultrasonography (US) is usually used for screening of HCC, but needs improvement. Purpose: To assess whether use of a second-generation ultrasound contrast agent can improve characterization of focal liver lesions and detection of HCC in HCV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis. Material and Methods: In total, 96 US studies in 49 HCV-infected patients with liver cirrhosis were performed. The patients were first examined with a baseline US. After this, a diagnostic decision was made and recorded. The patients were then re-examined with contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS), and the diagnostic triage was repeated. The patients were followed up for at least 1 year. Results: On baseline US, indeterminate focal lesions were found in 27 examinations. After CEUS, a confident diagnosis of HCC was made in eight of these examinations. In an additional eight US examinations, diagnosis of regenerative/dysplastic noduli was established. In one patient with no detectable focal lesion at baseline examination, an indeterminate malignant lesion was detected with CEUS. This lesion was further investigated with computed tomography and diagnosed as HCC. Conclusion: Our study indicates that the use of CEUS significantly improves diagnostic confidence. CEUS improves the detection of HCC in patients with HCV-induced liver cirrhosis. Also, CEUS makes it possible to rule out malignancy in many cases where baseline US shows indeterminate focal lesions. In low-endemic countries, the use of CEUS in screening for HCC may be considered.
Simple microwire and microcatheter mechanical thrombolysis with adjuvant intraarterial urokinase for treatment of hyperacute ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Kim Dong Joon , Kim Dong Ik , Byun Joon Soo , Jung Jin Young , Suh Sang Hyun , Kim Eung Yeop , Lee Kyung-Yul , Heo Ji Hoe 
Published: March 2008

Background: Mechanical thrombolysis may effectively enhance the efficacy of thrombolysis for hyperacute ischemic stroke patients. Purpose: To assess the feasibility and results of simple mechanical-based thrombolysis using microwire and microcatheter with adjuvant low-dose intraarterial (i.a.) urokinase (UK) for the treatment of hyperacute ischemic stroke. Material and Methods: Nineteen consecutive patients with hyperacute proximal middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusions treated by a standardized protocol using microwire and microcatheter for mechanical thrombus disruption with adjuvant i.a. UK were reviewed. Simple to-and-fro passages through the clot with the microwire and microcatheter followed by disruptions by a J- or pigtail-shaped wire tip with alternating small-dose injections of UK distal, within, and proximal to the clot were performed. The recanalization rates, post-thrombolysis hemorrhage, and clinical outcome (baseline and discharge National Institute of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS], mortality, 3-month modified Rankin scale [mRS]) were evaluated. Results: Recanalization was achieved in 18 of 19 patients (94.7%). The mean UK dose was 375,789 IU (range 130,000–580,000 IU). Two patients (10.5%) developed symptomatic hemorrhage. One of the hemorrhages included a patient who developed subarachnoid hemorrhage. Mortality rate was 15.8% ( n = 3). The median baseline NIHSS scores showed improvement from 17 to 10 at presentation and discharge, respectively. At three months, good outcome was noted in 11 of 19 patients (57.9%, mRS 0–2). Conclusion: Simple mechanical-based thrombolysis using microwire and microcatheter with adjuvant low-dose i.a. UK is safe and effective in achieving recanalization with good long-term outcome.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the cranial nerves in the posterior fossa: a comparative study of t2-weighted spin-echo sequences at 1.5 and 3.0 tesla
Authors: Fischbach F. , Müller M. , Bruhn H. 
Published: March 2008

Background: High-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at 3.0 Tesla (T) is rapidly gaining clinical acceptance. Whether doubling of the field strength of 1.5T and the subsequent increase in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) leads to a significant improvement of image quality is not automatically given. Purpose: To evaluate the depiction of fine anatomic detail in the posterior fossa, focusing on brain nerves, on T2-weighted imaging, and to define the potential advantage of imaging at 3.0T versus 1.5T. Material and Methods: In total, 10 brainstem nerve pairs of 12 volunteers were identified on T2-weighted MR images of 2- and 5-mm section thickness acquired at 1.5T and 3.0T. The MR images were compared for each subject at both field strengths by three independent readers who rated image quality according to depiction of anatomic detail and contrast by using a rating scale. Results: In general, MR images at 3.0T were considered more conspicuous and less noisy than images at 1.5T. The SNR value measured was almost doubled. With respect to structural identification and contrast according to the rating scale, observer scores were significantly improved both for standard imaging with 5-mm sections and high-resolution imaging with 2-mm sections at 3.0T. Direct comparison revealed a significant increase for evaluated image quality criteria and the number of nerves detected. Conclusion: The comparison revealed a clear advantage in favor of T2-weighted MRI at 3.0T vs. 1.5T in depicting the roots and course of brain nerves in the posterior fossa.