bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of prognostic factors associated with outcome in dogs with multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors treated with surgery with and without adjuvant treatment: 54 cases (1998–2004)
Authors: Mullins Marie N. , Dernell William S. , Withrow Stephen J. , Ehrhart Eugene J. , Thamm Douglas H. , Lana Susan E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate prognostic factors associated with outcome of dogs with multiple cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) treated with surgery with or without adjuvant treatment.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—54 dogs with a minimum of 2 simultaneous, histologically confirmed cutaneous MCTs that had been excised and had adequate staging and follow-up data.
Procedure—Medical records from 1998 to 2004 were examined. Outcome was assessed with the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method and log-rank analysis. Prognostic factors evaluated included signalment; number, histologic grade, location, size, local recurrence, and de novo development of MCTs; quality of surgical margins; clinical signs at the time of diagnosis; and use of adjuvant treatment.
Results—Medical records of 54 dogs with 153 tumors were included. Median follow-up time was 658 days. Median disease-free interval (1,917 days; range, 11 to 1,917 days) and median survival time (1,917 days; range, 14 to 1,917 days) were not yet reached. The 1- year and 2- to 5-year survival rates were 87% and 85%, respectively. The overall rate of metastasis was 15%. Factors that negatively influenced survival time in the univariate analysis included incomplete excision, local recurrence, size > 3 cm, clinical signs at the time of diagnosis, and use of adjuvant treatment. Presence of clinical signs at the time of diagnosis was the only negative prognostic factor for disease-free interval detected in the multivariate analysis.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that multiple cutaneous MCTs in dogs are associated with a low rate of metastasis and a good prognosis for long-term survival with adequate excision of all MCTs.
Liver lobe torsion in dogs: 13 cases (1995–2004)
Authors: Schwartz Susanna G. Hinkle , Mitchell Susan L. , Keating John H. , Chan Daniel L. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine history, results of diagnostic testing, surgical findings, complications, and outcome for dogs with liver lobe torsion (LLT).
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—12 dogs (1 with 2 episodes).
Procedure—Signalment, clinical signs, clinicopathologic findings, radiographic and ultrasonographic findings, surgical and histologic findings, complications, and hospitalization time were evaluated.
Results—The most common clinical signs were nonspecific abnormalities (eg, vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia) of acute or chronic duration. All dogs were large-breed dogs (median body weight, 37.2 kg [82 lb]). Biochemical abnormalities included high alanine amino-transferase (n = 12) and aspartate aminotransferase (11) activities. Results of abdominal ultrasonography were supportive of the diagnosis in 5 of 8 cases. Affected lobes included the left medial lobe (n = 4), left lateral lobe (3), papillary process of the caudate lobe (2), caudate lobe (1), and right lateral lobe (1). Exploratory celiotomy and liver lobectomy were performed in 12 of 13 cases, and in 11 of those 12 cases, the dog survived.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that development of nonspecific clinical signs of vomiting, lethargy, and anorexia in conjunction with high serum hepatic enzyme activities and mature neutrophilia in a medium-sized or large-breed dog should increase the index of suspicion for LLT. Abdominal ultrasonography with Doppler assessment may be useful in establishing the diagnosis. The long-term outcome for dogs that survive the hospitalization period is excellent.
Effect of repeated transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration on fertility in mares
Authors: Vanderwall Dirk K. , Hyde Kevin J. , Woods Gordon L. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether performance of transvaginal ultrasound-guided follicle aspiration (TVUFA) repeatedly in mares adversely affects their fertility.
Design—Historical prospective study.
Animals—23 mares that had never undergone TVUFA and 59 mares that had undergone TVUFA on 1 to 11 occasions.
Procedure—Mares were classified into 4 groups according to the number of TVUFA procedures previously performed on the ovary in which ovulation occurred at the time of insemination as follows: group 1, 0 TVUFAs (control group, n = 23 mares); group 2, 1 or 2 TVUFAs (40 mare-cycles); group 3, 3 or 4 TVUFAs (21 mare-cycles); and group 4, 5 to 11 TVUFAs (13 mare-cycles). Each ovary and its associated number of TVUFAs were considered separately; therefore, some of the mares that underwent TVUFA were represented in > 1 group (1 mare was included in group 2 twice [once for each ovary]), and the sample size in groups 2, 3, and 4 was denoted as mare-cycles. Fertility was assessed as pregnancy rates in cycles in which mares were inseminated with fresh or cooled semen from 1 fertile stallion.
Results—There were no significant differences in pregnancy rates among groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 (83%, 90%, 81%, and 85%, respectively).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that repeated performance of TVUFA (as many as 11 times) had no detectable adverse effect on fertility in mares. This finding is clinically important for situations when TVUFA is performed on fertile mares, whether for oocyte collection or other purposes.
Mixology
Authors: Caples Sara , Johnson Everardo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWhat is the New Mix in architecture? Why is it emerging now? Is there a direct correlation between the widening of the ethnic origins of practitioners and diversity in design? What are the impacts on the formal language of architecture? Sara Caples and Everardo Jefferson consider issues related to mixology, defined by the American Heritage Dictionary as ‘the study or skill of preparing mixed drinks’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Masala City Urban Stories from South Asia
Authors: Ashraf Kazi K 
Published: January 2006

Abstract‘Fusion and remix are now the cultural engines from Mumbai to Macao.’ Kazi K Ashraf ruminates on the distinct masala, with its ‘potent, spicy content’, that is emerging from India. Fuelled by transnational forces and consumerism, it departs from any mix the subcontinent has previously experienced in homespun form. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Senior Common Room Extension St John's College, Oxford
Authors: Melvin Jeremy 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFrom the stone walls of St Giles in the centre of Oxford, St John's College presents a historic facade. Jeremy Melvin takes a tour of the college's quads and takes in some of its modern gems, the most recent of which is MacCormac Jamieson Prichard's senior common room ‐ a space that demonstrates MJP's enduring ‘capacity to surprise’. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
18q deletions: Clinical, molecular, and brain MRI findings of 14 individuals
Authors: Linnankivi Tarja , Tienari Pentti , Somer Mirja , Kähkönen Marketta , Lönnqvist Tuula , Valanne Leena , Pihko Helena 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe studied 14 individuals with partial deletions of the long arm of chromosome 18, including terminal and interstitial de novo and inherited deletions. Study participants were examined clinically and by brain MRI. The size of the deletion was determined by segregation analysis using microsatellite markers. We observed that the phenotype was highly variable, even in two families with three 1st degree relatives. Among the 14 individuals, general intelligence varied from normal to severe mental retardation. The more common features of 18q‐deletions (e.g., foot deformities, aural atresia, palatal abnormalities, dysmyelination, and nystagmus) were present in individuals lacking only the distal portion 18q22.3‐qtel. Interstitial deletions exerted very heterogeneous effects on phenotype. In individuals with distal 18q22.3‐q23 deletions, brain MRI was very distinctive with poor differentiation of gray and white matter on T2‐weighted images. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Etiologic yield of autistic spectrum disorders: A prospective study
Authors: Battaglia Agatino , Carey John C. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStudies addressing etiologic yield in childhood developmental disabilities have mainly looked at individuals with developmental delay/mental retardation. The few studies addressing the question of etiologic yield in patients with pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) had a major drawback, in that the enrolled subjects were diagnosed as having the autistic spectrum disorders based only on history and clinical examination, and/or on unspecified instruments. In addition, only some of these patients underwent a complete laboratory evaluation. To investigate the etiologic yield of PDDs, we undertook a large prospective study on subjects selected according to very strict criteria and diagnosed as having PDD based on the present “gold standard” (ADI‐R and ADOS‐G), and a clinical diagnosis made by a child psychiatrist. Eighty‐five (85) patients with PDD and their first degree relatives participated in this study. These patients were selected from a sample of 236 subjects who had received a clinical diagnosis of PDD at the Stella Maris Institute between March 2002 and 2005. Selection criteria for entering the study were: (1) a diagnosis of PDD (with exclusion of the Rett syndrome) confirmed after the administration of the ADI‐R (autism diagnostic interview‐revised) and the ADOS‐G (autism diagnostic observation schedule‐generic). In addition, a clinical diagnosis was made by the child psychiatrist, on the basis of presence or absence of DSM‐IV symptoms of autism; (2) chronological age between 4 and 18 years; (3) IQ>30; (4) availability of both biologic parents. Patients, 65/85 (76.5%), had autism, 18/85 (21.2%) had PDD‐NOS, and the remaining 2/85 (2.3%) had Asperger syndrome. Ages varied between 4 years 2 months and 12 years 5 months (mean 7.6 years), and there was a marked male preponderance (68/85). All subjects underwent various laboratory studies and neuroimaging. With respect to possible etiologic determination, a detailed history and physical examination in this group of patients with PDD was informative in 10.5% (9/85). HRB karyotype was diagnostic in one, and molecular fragile X studies in one child. Brain MRI was informative in two children (2.3%) with relative macrocrania but no neurological features; and EEG was helpful in one child, identifying a Landau–Kleffner disorder. Audiometry and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs) showed a bilateral sensorineural loss in another child. Metabolic evaluation gave normal results in all subjects. The results suggest an evaluation paradigm with reference to etiologic determination for individuals with PDDs that does not presently justify metabolic or neuroimaging on a screening basis. Recurrence risk, treatment implications, and significant and long‐lasting emotional relief for the parents suggest that serious consideration be given to clinical genetic examination, genetic testing, EEG study (during wakefulness and sleep), and audiometry, despite a relatively low yield. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mouse models of autism spectrum disorders: The challenge for behavioral genetics
Authors: Moy Sheryl S. , Nadler Jessica J. , Magnuson Terry R. , Crawley Jacqueline N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAutism is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder, which typically emerges early in childhood. The core symptoms of autism include deficits in social interaction, impaired communication, and aberrant repetitive behavior, including self‐injury. Despite the strong genetic component for the disease, most cases of autism have not been linked to mutations in a specific gene, and the etiology of the disorder has yet to be established. At the present time, there is no generally accepted therapeutic strategy to treat the core symptoms of autism, and there remains a critical need for appropriate animal models and relevant behavioral assays to promote the understanding and treatment of the clinical syndrome. Challenges for the development of valid mouse models include complex genetic interactions underlying the high heritability of the disease in humans, diagnosis based on deficits in social interaction and communication, and the lack of confirmatory neuropathological markers to provide validation for genetic models of the disorder. Research focusing on genes that mediate social behavior in mice may help identify neural circuitry essential for normal social interaction, and lead to novel genetic animal models of the autism behavioral phenotype. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of integrin β1‐like protein in proliferation and differentiation of cultured stem cells from midgut of Heliothis virescens
Authors: Loeb Marcia J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCultured midgut cells from Heliothis virescens larvae were incubated with anti‐human integrin β1 made in rabbit and then passed over a column of magnetic beads bound to anti‐rabbit IgG (MACS, Miltenyi Bergisch Gladbach, Germany). Cells bound to integrin β1 antibody also bound to the anti‐rabbit IgG on the magnetic beads (MACS) and were retained in the column while it remained in the magnetic field. Non‐bound cells were eluted at this time. They did not stain with anti‐integrin antibody just after elution. Removing the column from the magnetic field allowed cells bound to the beads‐integrin β1 antibody to be eluted. All of these cells stained with human anti‐integrin β1 upon elution. Each cell fraction was cultured in medium for 3 days. During this time, the populations of cells tended to return to heterogeneous staining patterns characteristic of control populations. However, cells that did not stain immediately with anti‐integrin β1 antibody exhibited double the rate of multiplication and 8 times more differentiation than the integrin‐antibody positive cells that eluted later, as well as the non‐treated control cells. In a second experiment, midgut cells were incubated for 4 days with various titers of human anti‐integrin β1 to block surface integrin β1‐like reactive sites. Stem cells blocked with anti‐integrin β1 antibody during incubation exhibited double the rate of differentiation than non‐treated control cells and those showing anti‐integrin β1‐positive stain upon elution. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:55–64, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular cloning and expression of protein kinase C from Bombyx mori
Authors: Uno Tomohide , Nakao Atsushi , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Katsurauma Chisato , Nakada Takuya , Itoh Osamu 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTwo partial cDNA clones (Protein kinase C alpha and Protein kinase C iota), each of which encoded a different member of PKC‐protein family, were isolated using RT‐PCR from mRNA of Bombyx mori. The full‐length cDNAs were isolated using SMART‐RACE. The cDNAs were expressed in HepG2 cells and the recombinant proteins were partially purified using an affinity chromatography. Protein kinase C alpha (BPKC alpha) showed a calcium‐dependent kinase activity of histones. Whereas protein kinase C iota (BPKC iota) showed a calcium‐independent activity. Bisindolyl maleimide I, a PKC inhibitor, inhibited these kinase activities. Furthermore, in vitro BPKC alpha interacted and phosphorylated two proteins expressed in the brain of Bombyx mori: Rab protein, which plays important roles in the vesicle transport in the brain, and bMBD2/3, which is a methyl DNA‐binding protein and regulates transcription. These results suggest that these PKCs phosphorylate various substrate proteins and function in the brain of Bombyx mori. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:65–76, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and enzyme properties of Zabrotes subfasciatus α‐amylase
Authors: Pelegrini Patrícia B. , Murad André M. , Grossi‐de‐Sá Maria F. , Mello Luciane V. , Romeiro Luiz A.S. , Noronha Eliane F. , Caldas Ruy A. , Franco Octávio L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDigestive α‐amylases play an essential role in insect carbohydrate metabolism. These enzymes belong to an endo‐type group. They catalyse starch hydrolysis, and are involved in energy production. Larvae of Zabrotes subfasciatus, the Mexican bean weevil, are able to infest stored common beans Phaseolus vulgaris, causing severe crop losses in Latin America and Africa. Their α‐amylase (ZSA) is a well‐studied but not completely understood enzyme, having specific characteristics when compared to other insect α‐amylases. This report provides more knowledge about its chemical nature, including a description of its optimum pH (6.0 to 7.0) and temperature (20–30°C). Furthermore, ion effects on ZSA activity were also determined, showing that three divalent ions (Mn2+, Ca2+, and Ba2+) were able to enhance starch hydrolysis. Fe2+ appeared to decrease α‐amylase activity by half. ZSA kinetic parameters were also determined and compared to other insect α‐amylases. A three‐dimensional model is proposed in order to indicate probable residues involved in catalysis (Asp204, Glu240, and Asp305) as well other important residues related to starch binding (His118, Ala206, Lys207, and His304). Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:77–86, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo and in vitro activity of venom from the endoparasitic wasp Pimpla turionellae (L.) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Ergin Ekrem , Uçkan Fevzi , Rivers David B. , Sak Olga 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe biological activity of venom from Pimpla turionellae L. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) was examined in vivo toward larvae and pupae of Galleriae mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and in vitro toward bacterial and fungal cultures, as well as cultured insect cells. Pupae of G. mellonella were far more susceptible to the venom than larvae. At low doses of venom [0.1 venom reservoir equivalents (VRE)], pupal abdominal mobility was inhibited within 30 min, and by 24 h, all pupae injected with venom concentrations >0.5 VRE were completely paralyzed. These same doses of venom resulted in an inhibition of adult emergence. Host larvae were far less sensitive to wasp venom as evidenced by all venom injected larvae remaining responsive to mechanical stimulation by 1 h post injection, even at concentrations equivalent to 1 venom reservoir. Eventually (>2 h at 25°C), venom‐injected larvae became immobile, then flaccid, and all died within 24 h post‐injection. At lower concentrations of wasp venom, the onset of paralysis was delayed by comparison to that evoked by 1 VRE, and few host larvae were able to pupate. Development of host larvae to adult emergence was also reduced in a dose‐dependent manner, with eclosion completely prevented at high concentrations (>0.5 VRE) of venom. Venom doses <0.5 VRE did not appear to induce paralysis or alter larval development. When venom was incubated with bacterial or fungal cultures, no antimicrobial activity was detected. However, wasp venom was found to be cytotoxic and cytolytic to cultured cells derived from the cabbage looper Trichoplusia ni Hubner (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (L.) (Diptera: Culcidae). Though both cell types displayed similar susceptibility in terms of LC50s, the lepidopteran cells responded much more rapidly with regard to the onset of morphological changes and the timing of cell death. A possible mode of action for the venom is discussed. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:87–97, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of methyl farnesoate from in vitro culture of the retrocerebral complex of adult females of the moth, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and its conversion to juvenile hormone III
Authors: Teal P.E.A. , Proveaux A.T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractGas chromatographic‐mass spectral analysis of extracts obtained from in vitro culture of isolated retrocerebral complexes obtained from adult females of the moth Heliothis virescens resulted in identification of methyl farnesoate as well as juvenile hormone III (JH III) but not JH III acid. Inhibition of JH biosynthesis by incubation of tissue in synthetic Manduca sexta allatostatin (Manse‐AST, pGlu‐Val‐Arg‐Phe‐Arg‐Gln‐Cys‐Tyr‐Phe‐Asn‐Pro‐Ile‐Ser‐Cys‐Phe‐COOH) reduced production of these chemicals to negligible levels. However, incubation of tissue in the presence of Manse‐AST plus farnesol resulted in production of significant amounts of both methyl farnesoate and JH III. Tissue incubated in the presence of Manse‐AST plus methyl farnesoate produced only JH III. The results indicated that methyl farnesoate is naturally produced by the corpora allata of adult females of Heliothis virescens. However, tissue incubated in the presence of Manse‐AST plus JH III acid also produced JH III in amounts equivalent to that produced by tissue incubated with methyl farnesoate. Thus, both methyl farnesoate and JH III acid could serve as a precursor for biosynthesis of JH III. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:98–105, 2006. Published 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weak redshift discretisation in the Local Group of galaxies?
Authors: Godłowski W. , Bajan K. , Flin P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe discuss the distribution of radial velocities of galaxies belonging to the Local Group. Two independent samples of galaxies as well as several methods of reduction from the heliocentric to the galactocentric radial velocities are explored. We applied the power spectrum analysis using the Hann function as a weighting method, together with the jackknife error estimation. We performed a detailed analysis of this approach. The distribution of galaxy redshifts seems to be non‐random. An excess of galaxies with radial velocities of ∼24 km s–1 and ∼36 km s–1 is detected, but the effect is statistically weak. Only one peak for radial velocities of ∼24 km s–1 seems to be confirmed at the confidence level of 95%. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A statistical analysis of sunspot groups hosting M and X flares
Authors: Ternullo M. , Contarino L. , Romano P. , Zuccarello F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this paper we present the results obtained from a statistical analysis carried out by correlating sunspot‐group data collected at the INAF‐Catania Astrophysical Observatory and in the NOAA reports with data on Mand X flares obtained by the GOES‐8 satellite in the soft X‐ray range during the period January 1996–June 2003. These results allow us to provide a quantitative estimate of the parameters typical for an active region with very energetic flares. Moreover, the analysis of the flare productivity as a function of the group evolutionary stage indicates that the flaring probability of sunspots slightly increases with the spot age during the first passage across the solar disk, and that flaring groups are characterized by longer lifetimes than non‐flaring ones. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)