bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entdeckung der trizyklischen Antidepressiva. Serendipität oder die Faszination von “Zufällen”
Authors: Delini‐Stula Alexandra 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie unverhoffte Auffindung der thymoleptischen Eigenschaften von Imipramin, dem ersten trizyklischen Antidepressivum, feierte im Jahre 2007 das 50‐jährige Jubiläum. Diese Entdeckung bedeutete nicht nur einen Durchbruch in der Therapie der depressiven Erkrankungen, sie legte auch den wichtigsten Grundstein der – aus damaliger Sicht revolutionären – biologisch orientierten Psychiatrie.
Therapie mit trizyklischen Antidepressiva. Vor‐ und Nachteile der TZA
Authors: Laux Gerd 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAuch 50 Jahre nach ihrer Entdeckung nehmen nicht‐selektive Monoamin‐Rückaufnahme‐Inhibitoren (NSMRI) – so genannte trizyklische Antidepressiva – einen wichtigen Platz in der medikamentösen Depressionsbehandlung ein. Aus dem Spektrum der verfügbaren Substanzen sollte ein Präparat aufgrund seines klinischen Wirkprofils sowie vor allem bezüglich seines Nebenwirkungsspektrums unter Beachtung möglicherweise vorliegender Kontraindikationen ausgewählt werden.
Pharmazeutische Betreuung depressiver Patienten. Compliance im Focus
Authors: Renner Katja 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Depression ist eine ernst zu nehmende Krankheit, die immer noch zu sehr tabuisiert, zu selten diagnostiziert und adäquat behandelt wird. Im Rahmen der antidepressiven Pharmakotherapie werden zum Teil aus gesundheitsökonomischen Gründen immer noch sehr häufig die älteren trizyklischen Substanzen verordnet. Diese sind in ihrer Wirksamkeit unbestritten, doch bedingen ihre Nebenwirkungen häufig eine reduzierte Compliance beim Patienten. Gerade zu Therapiebeginn ist eine Unterstützung des Patienten durch die Pharmazeutische Betreuung besonders wertvoll. Die Vermittlung von Fachwissen zur Krankheit und Therapie, praktische Hilfestellungen zur Medikamenteneinnahme und nicht zuletzt die Enttabuisierung der Depression sind wichtige Aspekte zur Compliance‐Verbesserung. Durch seine klinisch‐pharmazeutischen Kenntnisse und die Möglichkeiten der strukturierten Pharmazeutischen Betreuung mit einem systematischen Datenmanagement ist der Apotheker der ideale Partner für Arzt und Patient für die langfristige Begleitung der Therapie. Arzneimittelbezogene Probleme können frühzeitig erkannt und Interventionen eingeleitet werden. Auch bezüglich der Compliance‐Sicherung in der Phase der Erhaltungstherapie zur Rezidivprophylaxe ist die Apotheke eine wichtige Anlaufstelle. Die Pharmazeutische Betreuung depressiver Patienten stellt aufgrund der Besonderheiten der Erkrankung große Herausforderungen an die Apotheke, sie eröffnet aber auch große Möglichkeiten zur Profilierung.
GPCR – Struktur des humanen β2‐Rezeptors aufgeklärt!
Authors: Hieke Martina , Zettl Heiko , Schubert‐Zsilavecz Manfred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie detaillierte Kenntnis der dreidimensionalen Struktur von Targetproteinen in Lösung oder kristallinem Zustand spielt bei der Entwicklung von Arzneistoffen eine ganz entscheidende Rolle. Mit der Lösung der Kristallstruktur des humanen β2‐Rezeptors ist es nunmehr erstmals gelungen, die dreidimensionale Struktur eines humanen G‐Protein‐gekoppelten Rezeptors (GPCR) aufzuklären.
Interlayer toughening of composite materials
Authors: Tsotsis Thomas K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article describes the efforts that led to the development of low‐cost interlayer materials that may be used to significantly improve the compression‐after‐impact strength of composite laminates and to, correspondingly, dramatically reduce the area of damage because of impact. Moreover, with the proper selection of the interlayer material, other mechanical properties such as open‐hole compression and shear strength are unaffected or improved over laminates made from identical materials, but without the interlayer. These interlayer materials comprise very lightweight nonwoven veils that may either be melt‐bonded or knitted into noncrimped unidirectional and multiaxial fabric forms using commercial, production equipment. Other than some nominal set‐up costs, these materials add nothing to fabric manufacturing costs than the cost of the materials themselves. Fabrics made using the interlayers may be handled and infused with resin in exactly the same manner as fabrics without the interlayer veils. Proper selection of the veil material is essential, however. An improperly selected interlayer veil material can significantly reduce a composite material's performance. This technology represents a key enabler for the use of low‐cost vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding processes, low‐cost preforms, and liquid‐molding resins to supplant prepreg as the building‐block material of choice for composite structures. Details of the test methods, results, and conclusions are contained herein. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Particulate reinforced PC/PBT composites. II. Effect of nano‐clay particles on dimensional stability and structure–property relationships
Authors: DePolo W.S. , Baird D.G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effect of organoclay loading and surface treatment on the dimensional stability, structure–property relationships, and rheological behavior of nanocomposites consisting of polycarbonate (PC), poly[butylene terephyhalate] (PBT), and nano‐clay was investigated at various clay loadings and with various surface modifiers for the nano‐clay particles. It was found that by using an organoclay formed with a polar amine compound that contained two hydroxyl end groups as opposed to nano‐talc, the flexural strength and tensile toughness of the nanocomposites increased by 12 and 27%, respectively, at a particle loading of 1 wt%, while maintaining the flexural modulus of the nanofilled PC/PBT blends. The flexural and tensile modulus of the nanocomposites increased with an increase in particle loading even though the viscosity was reduced due to a loss of molecular weight of the PC/PBT and/or an increase in the compability of the interface between the PC and PBT phase, which varied with organoclay structure. Possible loss of the molecular weight of the PC/PBT matrix was supported by a significant reduction in the storage modulus and complex viscosity at high frequencies of the composites generated with nano‐clay relative to that of the unfilled matrix. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Control of coherent magnetization precession in GaMnAs by ultrafast optical excitation
Authors: Qi J. , Xu Y. , Liu X. , Furdyna J. K. , Perakis I. E. , Tolk N. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe report comprehensive temperature and photoexcitation intensity dependent studies of the photoinduced magnetization precession in Ga1–x Mnx As (x = 0.036) by time‐resolved Kerr rotation measurements. We observe coherent oscillations of local Mn spins triggered by an ultrafast photo‐induced reorientation of the easy axis due to changes in the magnetic anisotropy. The amplitude saturation of these oscillations above certain pump intensity is indicative of stabilization of the magnetic easy axis orientation on temperatures above ∼Tc/2. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Baseline logical elements on the basis of DNA
Authors: Lakhno V. D. , Sultanov V. B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDNA possesses unique electronic properties which may be of utility for devising electronic elements of nanometer size. We present some examples of double‐stranded oligonucleotides with control electrodes which realize logical elements NOT, OR, AND, and XOR basic for Boolean logic. The logical gates constructed are nondissipative which solves the well‐known problem of huge energy consumption by electronic systems of ultrahigh density. We demonstrate that DNA‐based electronic computing circuits can be created in principle. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Nondynamical correlation energy in model molecular systems
Authors: Chojnacki Henryk 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe hypersurfaces for the deprotonation processes have been studied at the nonempirical level for H3O+, NH, PH, and H3S+ cations within their correlation consistent basis set. The potential energy curves were calculated and nondynamical correlation energies analyzed. We have found that the restricted Hartree‐Fock wavefunction leads to the improper dissociation limit and, in the three latest cases requires multireference description. We conclude that these systems may be treated as a good models for interpretation of the proton transfer mechanism as well as for testing one‐determinantal or multireference cases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Long‐term transportation, by road and air, of Devil‐ray (Mobula mobular), Meagre (Argyrosomus regius), and Ocean Sunfish (Mola mola)
Authors: Correia João P. S. , Graça José T. C. , Hirofumi Morikawa 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBetween September 2006 and April 2007 the authors transported one 0.9 m wingspan Mobula mobular from Olhão (South of Portugal) to Valencia (East of Spain), 12 ∼1.0 m long Argyrosomus regius to Tarragona (Northeast of Spain) and four ∼0.4 m long Mola mola to Atlanta (GA, USA). These journeys had a total “water to water” duration of 17, 22 and 33 hr, respectively. The first two transports were conducted by road whereas the third involved a combination of road and air travel. Water quality parameters—specifically dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH and ammonia—were monitored continuously throughout the duration of the trips and were maintained at optimum levels through the use of battery‐powered filtration and chemical supplements. All animals arrived alive and well at their destinations. This paper reports on the specific transport regime adopted in each case and provides some insight for potential improvements in future similar transports. Zoo Biol 27:234–250, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The contribution of self‐efficacy and depression to disability and work status in chronic pain patients: A comparison between Australian and Brazilian samples
Authors: Sardá Jamir , Nicholas Michael K. , Asghari Ali , Pimenta Cibele A.M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThere is evidence that cognitions (beliefs) and mood contribute to physical disability and work status in people with chronic pain. However, most of the current evidence comes from North America and Europe. This study examined the contribution of demographic, pain and psychosocial factors to disability and work status in chronic pain patients in two matched samples from quite different countries (Australia and Brazil). Data were collected from 311 chronic pain patients in each country.The results suggest that although demographic and pain variables (especially pain levels) contribute to disability, self‐efficacy beliefs made a significant contribution to disability in both samples. Age and educational level also contributed to unemployment in both samples. But there were some differences, with self‐efficacy and physical disability contributing to work status only in the Brazilian sample. In contrast, depression was the only psychological risk factor for unemployment in the Australian sample. Catastrophising and pain acceptance did not contribute to disability or unemployment in either sample. These findings confirm key aspects of biopsychosocial models of pain in two culturally and linguistically different chronic pain samples from different countries. They suggest that different chronic pain populations may share more similarities than differences.
Anthropological communities of interpretation for Burma: An overview
Authors: Chit Hlaing U 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper surveys the history of anthropological work on Burma, dealing both with Burman and other ethnic groups. It focuses upon the relations between anthropology and other disciplines, and upon the relationship of such work to the development of anthropological theory. It tries to show how anthropology has contributed to an overall understanding of Burma as a field of study and, conversely, how work on Burma has influenced the development of anthropology as a subject. It also tries to relate the way in which anthropology helps place Burma in the broader context of Southeast Asia.
Comparison of Personal Versus Fictional Narratives of Children With Language Impairment
Authors: McCabe Allyssa , Bliss Lynn , Barra Gabriela , Bennett MariBeth 
Published: April 2008

Purpose
Personal narratives are common in children’s conversations, recommended as the appropriate genre for early writing by educators, and part of many high-stakes tests, possibly because they tend to be better formed than fictional narratives. However, current practice in the field of speech-language pathology employs fictional narratives in assessment, intervention, and study of children with impaired language development. This article explored performance on personal versus fictional narratives by children with language impairment (LI), hypothesizing that performance on the former would be better and a minimal relationship between performances in the 2 genres.

Method
Twenty-seven children age 7;0–9;9 (years;months) with LI orally produced personal and fictional narratives (responses to a wordless picture book). Narratives were analyzed by raters blind to experimental hypotheses using high-point analysis and an analysis derived from scoring of a high-stakes composition for 4th grade.

Results
High-point ratings of personal significantly exceeded those of fictional narratives. Disproportionate fictional stories did not meet minimal narrative criteria. However, more personal narratives than would be expected by chance did. The analyses were significantly correlated. Quality of a child’s performance of personal was minimally related to that of fictional narratives.

Conclusions
Clinicians may want to consider functional aspects of personal narratives.
Quantifying the costs and benefits of protective egg coating in a Chrysomelid beetle
Authors: ANG TZO ZEN , O’LUANAIGH CIAN , RANDS SEAN A. , BALMFORD ANDREW , MANICA ANDREA 
Published: April 2008

Abstract 1. The costs and benefits of behavioural care of offspring can often be easily quantified through observations and experiments. Other forms of parental investment, on the other hand, are usually less amenable to cost–benefit analysis.2. Here, the costs and benefits are estimated for protective egg coating by a chrysomelid beetle, Cryptocephalus hypochaeridis, where the female spends a considerable amount of time adding extra structural components to each of the eggs after laying them.3. Adding this protective coating was very costly, both in terms of material and energy used: the mass of the extrachorion is equivalent to half the mass of the egg, and water loss and energy expenditure while coating the egg is equivalent to half what would be lost while laying a further egg.4. Choice tests with egg predators demonstrated that these high costs are offset by benefits in terms of protection against predation: whereas uncoated eggs are readily eaten by predators, coated eggs are always rejected.
Mobility of organic pollutants in soil components. What role can magic angle spinning NMR play?
Authors: Chamignon C. , Haroune N. , Forano C. , Delort A.‐M. , Besse‐Hoggan P. , Combourieu B. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe adsorption‐desorption mechanisms at the interface between organic and inorganic soil colloids influence the movement of pesticides and hence their bioavailability and biotransformation processes. Direct analyses of soils have been reported in the literature with the use of solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy on dry samples. We recently demonstrated the potential of the 1H high resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR technique to study such mechanisms in situ on highly hydrated samples. By using a well‐characterized soil model, it was possible to distinguish the mobile and immobile pesticide unambiguously. In the present communication, a short review of MAS NMR techniques that allow covalent and non‐covalent bond analysis is provided. The results obtained in our group on the adsorption of some pollutants such as phosphonomethylglycine (glyphosate), MCPA and 2‐benzothiazole sulphonate are also presented. Specifically, we focus on the potential of MAS NMR spectroscopy for probing the behaviour (mobility) of these organic pollutants loaded onto the surface of different clays. The influence of clay hydration on NMR spectra has also been evaluated.
Modelling the occurrence of threatened plant species in taiga landscapes: methodological and ecological perspectives
Authors: Parviainen Miia , Luoto Miska , Ryttäri Terhi , Heikkinen Risto K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim Understanding the spatial patterns of species distribution and predicting the occurrence of high biological diversity and rare species are central themes in biogeography and environmental conservation. The aim of this study was to model and scrutinize the relative contributions of climate, topography, geology and land‐cover factors to the distributions of threatened vascular plant species in taiga landscapes in northern Finland.Location North‐east Finland, northern Europe.Methods The study was performed using a data set of 28 plant species and environmental variables at a 25‐ha resolution. Four different stepwise selection algorithms [Akaike information criterion (AIC), Bayesian information criterion (BIC), adaptive backfitting, cross selection] with generalized additive models (GAMs) were fitted to identify the main environmental correlates for species occurrences. The accuracies of the distribution models were evaluated using fourfold cross‐validation based on the area under the curve (AUC) derived from receiver operating characteristic plots. The GAMs were tentatively extrapolated to the whole study area and species occurrence probability maps were produced using GIS techniques. The effect of spatial autocorrelation on the modelling results was also tested by including autocovariate terms in the GAMs.Results According to the AUC values, the model performance varied from fair to excellent. The AIC algorithm provided the highest mean performance (mean AUC = 0.889), whereas the lowest mean AUC (0.851) was obtained from BIC. Most of the variation in the distribution of threatened plant species was related to growing degree days, temperature of the coldest month, water balance, cover of mire and mean elevation. In general, climate was the most powerful explanatory variable group, followed by land cover, topography and geology. Inclusion of the autocovariate only slightly improved the performance of the models and had a minor effect on the importance of the environmental variables.Main conclusions The results confirm that the landscape‐scale distribution patterns of plant species can be modelled well on the basis of environmental parameters. A spatial grid system with several environmental variables derived from remote sensing and GIS data was found to produce useful data sets, which can be employed when predicting species distribution patterns over extensive areas. Landscape‐scale maps showing the predicted occurrences of individual or multiple threatened plant species may provide a useful basis for focusing field surveys and allocating conservation efforts.
Wounding of Arabidopsis leaves causes a powerful but transient protection against Botrytis infection
Authors: Chassot Céline , Buchala Antony , Schoonbeek Henk‐jan , Métraux Jean‐Pierre , Lamotte Olivier 
Published: April 2008

SummaryPhysical injury inflicted on living tissue makes it vulnerable to invasion by pathogens. Wounding of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves, however, does not conform to this concept and leads to immunity to Botrytis cinerea, the causal agent of grey mould. In wounded leaves, hyphal growth was strongly inhibited compared to unwounded controls. Wound‐induced resistance was not associated with salicylic acid‐, jasmonic acid‐ or ethylene‐dependent defence responses. The phytoalexin camalexin was found to be involved in this defence response as camalexin‐deficient mutants were not protected after wounding and the B. cinerea strains used here were sensitive to this compound. Wounding alone did not lead to camalexin production but primed its accumulation after inoculation with B. cinerea, further supporting the role of camalexin in wound‐induced resistance. In parallel with increased camalexin production, genes involved in the biosynthesis of camalexin were induced faster in wounded and infected plants in comparison with unwounded and infected plants. Glutathione was also found to be required for resistance, as mutants deficient in γ‐glutamylcysteine synthetase showed susceptibility to B. cinerea after wounding, indicating that wild‐type basal levels of glutathione are required for the wound‐induced resistance. Furthermore, expression of the gene encoding glutathione‐S‐transferase 1 was primed by wounding in leaves inoculated with B. cinerea. In addition, the priming of MAP kinase activity was observed after inoculation of wounded leaves with B. cinerea compared to unwounded inoculated controls. Our results demonstrate how abiotic stress can induce immunity to virulent strains of B. cinerea, a process that involves camalexin and glutathione.
Silencing of NtMPK4 impairs CO2‐induced stomatal closure, activation of anion channels and cytosolic Ca2+signals in Nicotiana tabacum guard cells
Authors: Marten Holger , Hyun Taekyung , Gomi Kenji , Seo Shigemi , Hedrich Rainer , Roelfsema M. Rob G. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryLight‐induced stomatal opening in C3 and C4 plants is mediated by two signalling pathways. One pathway is specific for blue light and involves phototropins, while the second pathway depends on photosyntheticaly active radiation (PAR). Here, the role of NtMPK4 in light‐induced stomatal opening was studied, as silencing of this MAP kinase stimulates stomatal opening. Stomata of NtMPK4‐silenced plants do not close in elevated atmospheric CO2, and show a reduced response to PAR. However, stomatal closure can still be induced by abscisic acid. Measurements using multi‐barrelled intracellular micro‐electrodes showed that CO2 activates plasma membrane anion channels in wild‐type Nicotiana tabacum guard cells, but not in NtMPK4‐silenced cells. Anion channels were also activated in wild‐type guard cells after switching off PAR. In approximately half of these cells, activation of anion channels was accompanied by an increase in the cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration. The activity of anion channels was higher in cells showing a parallel increase in cytosolic Ca2+ than in those with steady Ca2+ levels. Both the darkness‐induced anion channel activation and Ca2+ signals were repressed in NtMPK4‐silenced guard cells. These data show that CO2 and darkness can activate anion channels in a Ca2+‐independent manner, but the anion channel activity is enhanced by parallel increases in the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. NtMPK4 plays an essential role in CO2‐ and darkness‐induced activation of guard‐cell anion channels, through Ca2+‐independent as well as Ca2+‐dependent signalling pathways.