bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transpalpebral mini-orbitozygomatic approach for nonvascular skull base lesions: a single neurosurgeon’s experience
Authors: Tavakoli Samon , Armstrong Stephanie A. , Feller Christina , Hong Sang Hun , Zwagerman Nathan T. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
The authors aim to describe the advantages, utility, and disadvantages of the transpalpebral mini-orbitozygomatic (MOZ) approach for tumors of the lateral and superior orbit, orbital apex, anterior clinoid, anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and parasellar region.

METHODS
The surgical approach from skin incision to closure is described while highlighting key technical and anatomical considerations, and cadaveric dissection demonstrates the surgical steps and focuses on important anatomy. Intraoperative images were included to supplement the cadaveric dissection. A retrospective review of adults who had undergone the MOZ approach for nonvascular pathology performed by a single neurosurgeon from 2017 to 2023 was included in this institutional review board–approved study. Descriptive statistics was used to summarize the data. Four representative cases were included to demonstrate the utility of the MOZ approach.

RESULTS
The study included 65 patients (46 female, 19 male), average age 54.84 years, who had undergone transpalpebral MOZ surgery. Presenting symptoms included visual changes (53.8% of cases), vision loss (23.1%), diplopia (21.8%), and proptosis (13.8%). The optic nerve and optic chiasm were involved in 32.3% and 10.8% of cases, respectively. The most common pathology was meningioma (81.5% of cases), and gross-total resection was achieved in 50% of all cases. Major complications included an infection and a carotid injury. Improvement of preoperative symptoms was reported in 92.2% of cases. Visual acuity improved in 12 patients. The mean follow-up was 8.57 ± 8.45 months.

CONCLUSIONS
The MOZ approach is safe and durable. The transpalpebral incision provides better cosmesis and functional outcomes than those of standard anterolateral approaches to the skull base. Careful consideration of the limits of the approach is paramount to appropriate application on a case-by-case basis. Further quantitative anatomical studies can help to define and compare the utility of the approach to open cranio-orbital and endoscopic transorbital approaches.
Endoscopy for T10 nerve sheath tumor
Authors: Dhandapani Sivashanmugam , Gendle Chandrashekhar 
Published: April 2024

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly being adopted for spinal intradural tumors. Through the use of conventional microscopy or exoscopy for large lobulated nerve sheath tumors, the posterior root attachment is often visualized only after mobilizing the tumor. Here, the authors describe the utility of angled endoscopy with its panoramic view for a T10 nerve sheath tumor. Gross-total extracapsular excision was achieved utilizing a minimally invasive right paraspinous approach, fenestration, lateral durotomy, sliding delivery of the tumor, sharp dissection of radicular attachments under neuromonitoring, and dural closure with oblique clips. Angled endoscopes help visualize the attachments behind large multilobulated tumors and confirm the totality of excision.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.1.FOCVID23214
Biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy with discectomy for unilateral radicular arm pain due to cervical herniated disc
Authors: Heo Dong Hwa 
Published: April 2024

Recently, biportal endoscopic cervical approaches have been used to treat cervical degenerative disease. Biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy with or without discectomy has the advantage of reducing damage to the normal tissues during surgery and enhancing fast recovery after surgery. The biportal endoscopic cervical approach was performed using two portals. The first portal was an endoscopic viewing portal for the spinal endoscope, and the other portal was a working portal for using surgical instruments. The author illustrates the surgical technique of biportal endoscopic posterior cervical foraminotomy with discectomy.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.1.FOCVID23225
Surgical management of tethered spinal cord syndrome through biportal endoscopic approach: a novel technical note
Authors: Özer Mehmet İlker , Ezgü Mehmet Can , Kaplan Ali , Çulcu Gürcan Zeliha , Demirtaş Oğuz Kağan 
Published: April 2024

This video article explores a case of tethered cord release through a minimally invasive biportal endoscopic approach. A 24-year-old female with chronic back pain and thigh numbness underwent surgery. The chosen approach involved biportal endoscopic technique, demonstrating precision with minimal bone excision. Preoperative imaging revealed a midline fusion defect at L5 and abnormal conus medullaris termination. The surgical procedure involved one-sided hemilaminectomy, durotomy, and careful filum terminale separation. Postoperatively, radiological exams confirmed success with minimal bone defect. Emphasizing minimal invasiveness, reduced bone excision, and muscle sparing, this technique showcased successful outcomes, enabling the patient’s rapid postoperative recovery without complications.
The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2024.1.FOCVID23228
Anterolateral keyhole transorbital routes to the skull base: a comparative anatomical study
Authors: Karampouga Maria , Terrarosa Anna K. , Patel Bhuvic , Affolter Kyle , Wang Eric W. , Choby Garret W. , Fu Roxana , Bonhomme Gabrielle R. , Stefko S. Tonya , McDowell Michael M. , Snyderman Carl H. , Gardner Paul A. , Zenonos Georgios A. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE
Although keyhole transorbital approaches are gaining traction, their indications have not been adequately studied comparatively. In this study the authors have defined them also as transwing approaches—meaning that they use the different facies of the sphenoid wing for cranial entry—and sought to compare the four major ones: 1) lateral orbitocraniotomy through a lateral canthal incision (LatOrb); 2) modified orbitozygomatic approach through a palpebral incision (ModOzPalp); 3) modified orbitozygomatic approach through an eyebrow incision (ModOzEyB); and 4) supraorbital craniotomy through an eyebrow incision (SupraOrb), coupled with its expanded version (SupraTransOrb).

METHODS
Cadaveric dissections were performed at the neuroanatomy lab. To delineate the skull base exposure, four formalin-fixed heads were used, with two sides dedicated to each approach. The outer limits were assessed via image guidance and were mapped and illustrated accordingly. A fifth head was dissected purely endoscopically, just to facilitate an overview of the transwing concept. Qualitative features were also rigorously examined.

RESULTS
The LatOrb proves to be more versatile in the middle cranial fossa (MCF), whereas the anterior cranial fossa (ACF) exposure is limited to a small area above the sphenoid ridge. An anterior clinoidectomy is possible; however, the exposure of the roof of the optic canal is suboptimal. The ModOzPalp adequately exposes both the ACF and MCF. Its lateral trajectory allows the inferior to superior view, yet there is restricted access to the medial anterior skull base (olfactory groove). The ModOzEyB also provides extensive exposure of the ACF and MCF, but has a more superior to inferior trajectory compared to the ModOzPalp, making it more appropriate for pathology reaching the medial anterior skull base or even the contralateral side. The anterior clinoidectomy is performed with improved visualization of the optic canal. The SupraOrb provides mainly anterior cranial base exposure, with minimal middle fossa. An anterior clinoidectomy can be performed, but without any direct observation of the superior orbital fissure. Some MCF access can be accomplished if the lateral sphenoid wing is drilled inferiorly, leading to its highly versatile variant, the SupraTransOrb.

CONCLUSIONS
All the aforementioned approaches use the sphenoid wing as skull base corridor from a specific orientation point; hence these are designated as transwing approaches. Their peculiarities mandate careful case selection for the effective and safe completion of the surgical goals.
Isolated unilateral alar ligamentous injury: illustrative cases
Authors: Reeves Benjamin C , Valcarce-Aspegren Marcus , Robert Stephanie M , Elsamadicy Aladine A , Tucker Alexander M , Storm Phillip B , DiLuna Michael L , Kundishora Adam J 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Isolated unilateral alar ligament injury (IUALI) is a rare and likely underreported occurrence after upper cervical trauma, with only 16 cases documented in the literature to date. Patients generally present with neck pain, and definitive diagnosis is typically made by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Unfortunately, likely due in part to its rarity, there are no formal guidelines for the treatment of an IUALI. Furthermore, there is a limited understanding of the long-term consequences associated with its inadequate treatment.

OBSERVATIONS
Here, the authors report on three pediatric patients, each found to have an IUALI after significant trauma. All patients presented with neck tenderness, and two of the three had associated pain-limited range of neck motion. Imaging revealed either a laterally deviated odontoid process on cervical radiographs and/or MRI evidence of ligamentous strain or discontinuity. Each patient was placed in a hard cervical collar for 1 to 2 months with excellent resolution of symptoms. A comprehensive review of the literature showed that all patients with IUALI who had undergone external immobilization with either rigid cervical collar or halo fixation had favorable outcomes at follow-up.

LESSONS
For patients with IUALI, a moderate course of nonsurgical management with rigid external immobilization appears to be an adequate first-line treatment.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping and a nonlinearly transformed atlas for targeting the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus in a patient with tremor and thalamic hypertrophy: illustrative case
Authors: Ohtsuki Kazuya , Sawada Masahiro , Yoshizaki Wataru , Ishimori Takayoshi , Sawamoto Nobukatsu , Fushimi Yasutaka , Toda Hiroki 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
The ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus is a surgical target for treating various types of tremor. Because it is difficult to visualize the Vim using standard magnetic resonance imaging, the structure is usually targeted based on the anterior and posterior commissures. This standard targeting method is practical in most patients but not in those with thalamic asymmetry. The authors examined the usefulness of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) and transformed Vim atlas images to estimate the Vim localization in a patient with tremor and significant thalamic hypertrophy.

OBSERVATIONS
A 51-year-old right-handed female had experienced a predominant left-hand action tremor for 6 years. Magnetic resonance imaging showed significant hypertrophy of the right thalamus and caudal shift of the thalamic ventral border. The authors referred to the QSM images to localize the decreased susceptibility area within the lateral ventral thalamic nuclei to target the Vim. In addition, the nonlinearly transformed Vim atlas images complemented the imaging-based targeting. The radiofrequency thalamotomy at the modified Vim target relieved the tremor completely.

LESSONS
A combination of QSM and nonlinear transformation of the thalamic atlas can be helpful in the targeting method of the Vim for tremor patients with thalamic asymmetry.
Model Strategi Agenda Penanganan Kekerasan Seksual Melalui Media Konvergen
Authors: Adventy Maria Immaculata Yovita , Putra Raniasa 
Published: April 2024

Abstrak : Maraknya media konvergen, termasuk media sosial, memudahkan mengakses informasi tentang kekerasan seksual, baik korban maupun pelakunya, baik yang dilakukan oleh saudara maupun orang yang tidak dikenal. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi temuan positif dan negatif terkait kekerasan seksual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif, dengan menggunakan teori Michael Howlet dan M. Ramesh 1995 dalam penetapan agenda pemerintah. Hasilnya menunjukkan pentingnya memasukkan kekerasan seksual sebagai agenda utama pemerintah, dengan menghasilkan dua inovasi model strategi yaitu Inovasi Model Strategis: Kebijakan mendorong percepatan agenda setting dan model inovasi pada aplikasi pelayanan korban kekerasan seksual.Abstract: The rise of convergent media, including social media, facilitates access to information about sexual violence, both victims and perpetrators, whether committed by relatives or strangers. This literature review aims to identify positive and negative findings related to sexual violence. The research method used was descriptive qualitative, using Michael Howlet and M. Ramesh's 1995 theory on government agenda setting. The results show the importance of including sexual violence as a major government agenda, by producing two strategic model innovations, namely Strategic Model Innovation: Policies to accelerate agenda setting and model innovation in the application of services for victims of sexual violence.
УБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ОБ’ЄКТ УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: ЛУТЮК Василь , ГАВЛОВСЬКА Наталія 
Published: April 2024

Розширення меж забезпечення економічної безпеки підприємства зумовило необхідність більш широкого погляду на цей процес у вигляді убезпечення діяльності підприємства. Зміст поняття «убезпечення діяльності підприємства» розглянуто з позицій об’єктно-суб’єктного підходу як сукупність взаємопов’язаних та взаємозумовлених у просторі та часі ресурсно забезпечених безпекозабезпечувальних дій, результатом яких є безпечний стан об’єктів безпеки підприємства, між якими існують щільні зв’язки, відносини та взаємовплив.
Убезпечення діяльності підприємства як новий вид його діяльності має бути об’єктом управління. Об’єктність управління в економічній безпекології стосовно практично всіх об’єктів економічної безпеки належать до питань, які не отримали повного вирішення. Тому це питання вирішено шляхом адаптації загальних положень теорії управління до управління убезпеченням діяльності підприємства з урахуванням специфіки та особливостей цього нового виду діяльності підприємства.
Визначено, що до управління будь-яким об’єктом або процесом застосовуються кілька підходів. Найпоширенішим є функціональний підхід, і ми не бачимо необхідності відмовлятися від нього в управлінні убезпеченням діяльності підприємства. Застосування функціонального підходу надає можливість сформувати однорідні окремі блоки робіт та операцій з управління убезпеченням діяльності підприємства тобто його функції.
Управління убезпеченням діяльності підприємства розглянуто з позиції функціонального підходу, що надало змогу сформувати сукупність функцій управління, які відображають специфіку управління цим видом діяльності. Обсяг функцій управління убезпеченням діяльності підприємства, головним виконавцем яких є структурний підрозділ з безпеки, залежить від його компетенцій.
Impact of IDH Mutations on DNA Methylation of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Related Genes: A Review Article
Authors: M. Bayram Duha , M. Lafta Fadhel , F. Matti Bassam 
Published: April 2024

الخلفية العلمية: ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد (AML) هو أحد أكثر الأورام الدموية الخبيثة فتكًا و تتميز بوظائف خلوية غير طبيعية وتغيرات جينية. و تبين ان الطفرات في جينات نازعة هيدروجين إيزوسيترات (IDH) وخاصة IDH1 و IDH2 ، على أنها تشوهات وراثية متكررة في مرضى ابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد .و تؤدي هذه الطفرات إلى نشاط إنزيمي غير طبيعي، مما يؤدي إلى تراكم 2-هيدروكسي جلوتارات (2-HG)،,والذي بدوره يعطل العمليات الخلوية الطبيعية بما في ذلك مثيلة الحمض النووي.
الهدف: تهدف مقالة المراجعة هذه إلى استعراض الطفرات الجينية المسجلة لـ, IDH التحقق من العلاقة بين تلك الطفرات والتغييرات في أنماط مثيلة الحمض النووي، وآثارها على التسبب في الإصابة بابيضاض الدم النخاعي الحاد والتنبؤ به وعلاجه.
المواد وطرق العمل: تم إجراء بحث شامل في الأدبيات العلمية لتحديد الدراسات ذات الصلة التي تبحث في تأثير طفرات IDH على الجينات المرتبطة بمثيل الحمض النووي في المرضى الذين يعانون من ابيضاض الدم. وتمت مراجعة الدراسات المختارة وتحليلها لغرض الوصول الى المعلومات والمعرفة الحالية حول هذا الموضوع.
النتائج: سلطت هذه المقالة الضوء على أن طفرات IDH في AML مرتبطة بتغيرات واسعة النطاق في أنماط مثيلة الحمض النووي. تؤثر هذه التغييرات في المقام الأول على الجينات المرتبطة بإضافة مجموعة المثيل الى الحمض النووي، بما في ذلك DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) وبروتيناتTET. بالتالي يؤدي خلل تنظيم مثيلة الحمض النووي إلى فرط مثيل الحمض النووي بصورة عامة بالإضافة الى جينات محددة بصورة خاصة، ووكون علامة المثيل الطبيعية تسهم في تنظيم التعبير الجيني، فأن هذا الاضطراب الجزيئي يساهم في اختلال الوظائف الخلوية الطبيعية ونشوء مرض AML.
الخلاصة: تدعم نتائج مقالة المراجعة هذه التأثير المهم لطفرات جين IDH على الجينات المرتبطة بمثيلة الحمض النووي في AML. و يوفر فهم التفاعل بين طفرات IDH وخلل تنظيم مثيلة الحمض النووي نظرة استكشافية لمسببات AML والتنبؤ بتطوره ومجالا واعدا لتطوير العلاجات الاستهدافية ز.

الكلمات المفتاحية: AML ، نازعة هيدروجين الأيزوسيترات ، IDH ، مثيلة الحمض النووي DNA methylation ، DNA methyltransferases ، بروتينات TET ، العلاج الموجه.
On the Necessity of Prevalence Studies on Circumscribed Choroidal Hemangioma in Iraq
Authors: Al-Imam Ahmed M. , Al-Zahawi Farah A. , Sahai Ashok 
Published: April 2024

Background: Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma (CCH), a rare benign tumor, poses significant risks to vision due to its proximity to the macula, with epidemiology varying from one population to another.Objectives: The present article emphasizes the need for prevalence studies on CCH in Iraq.Methods: In June 2023, a literature review was conducted on PubMed, followed by a secondary analysis of patients' demographic data from diverse populations and ethnic groups worldwide.Results: The secondary literature analysis revealed demographic variations in CCH, including age and gender (male-to-female) ratios, and across different populations. The exact prevalence remains unclear, particularly in Iraq, due to limited data and asymptomatic cases. Accurate diagnosis through imaging techniques is crucial for symptomatic cases, with treatment modalities like PDT available. Economic challenges persist in Iraq, highlighting the need for collaboration between healthcare and government sectors. Conclusion: The lack of CCH prevalence studies in Iraq impedes understanding and management, impacting ophthalmology care for Iraqi patients. Addressing this gap through research can benefit local healthcare authorities and provide essential data for the Middle East and other regions worldwide
EFFECT OF DOUBLE HYPOGLYCEMIC THERAPY WITH METFORMIN AND SAXAGLIPTIN, ON ACHIEVEMENT OF GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES AND ADJUVANT OBESITY
Authors: Nikulina Liliia 
Published: April 2024

The main goals of the current research on the management of patients with type 2 diabetes are the assessment of the effects of early intensive glycemic control on the development and progression of the disease and its complications and the discovery of the clinical benefits of various types of hypoglycemia. Given the convincing evidence of beneficial effects on the course of the disease, inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, primarily saxagliptin, should be considered as a group of first-line hypoglycemic therapy, along with metformin, in the treatment of patients with high-risk type 2 diabetes with concomitant diseases. In a study involving 31 patients with type 2 diabetes, obesity and inadequate glycemic control, on the background of recommended monotherapy metformin, the effectiveness of combination therapy with saxagliptin and metformin was demonstrated. The comparison group consisted of 29 patients with monotherapy metformin at a dose of 2000 mg per day. In most patients receiving saxagliptin at a dose of 5 mg in combination with metformin, a decrease in HbA1c, glucose uptake and postprandial glycaemia was observed compared to baseline values. These results were also more significant compared to the metformin monotherapy group. In addition, the appointment of combination therapy contributed to the improvement of functional activity of - cells of the pancreas. The obtained results allow us to recommend this scheme of combination therapy for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes with obesity.
Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback - A Review
Authors: Prof. (Dr) Satya Singh  , Ratnesh Kumar Sharma  
Published: April 2024

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) is a burgeoning field at the intersection of artificial intelligence and human interaction. This approach involves training models to make decisions in dynamic environments by iteratively receiving feedback from human evaluators. In this process, initial models interact with the environment, and human evaluators provide feedback on the model's actions. The model is then updated based on this feedback, enhancing its decision-making capabilities over time. RLHF is particularly valuable in scenarios where predefine d rules may be inadequate, emphasizing adaptability and learning from real-world experiences. This abstract explores the applications, advantages, and challenges of RLHF, highlighting its promising results in domains such as robotics, gaming, and natural l anguage processing. The collaboration between machine learning algorithms and human intuition in RLHF presents a compelling synergy that addresses complex problems more effectively than traditional methods. As technology advances, RLHF is poised to unlock new possibilities and drive innovations across diverse fields.
Correlación entre ferritina sérica, índices eritrocitarios y hemoglobina en lactantes que viven a 3400 m de altitud
Authors: Villamonte-Calanche Wilfredo , Orccosupa-Quispe David , Mendoza-Cabrera Fiorella , Flores-Gonzales Erick , Cari-Ávalos Lynda , Breibat Timpo Ronny 
Published: April 2024

La anemia (An) es un problema de salud pública en Sudamérica, siendo su principal causa la deficiencia de hierro (DH). En las ciudades de altura, la hipoxia hipobárica condiciona un aumento en el nivel de hemoglobina (Hb) en sus residentes. Para el diagnóstico de An se mide la Hb, la cual se modifica después de los índices eritrocitarios (IE). Hay evidencia de que existe una sobrestimación de la prevalencia de An en altura.Objetivo:Correlacionar la ferritina sérica (FS) con la Hb e IE, y determinar el punto de corte de Hb para predecir DH en lactantes de 6 meses a 3400 m de altitud. Sujetos y Método: Se evaluaron 128 lactantes de 6 meses a 3.400 m de altitud. Se consideró variable independiente a la FS. Los IE y la Hb fueron las variables dependientes. La An en el lactante fue definida con una Hb < 13,4 g/dl. La DH se definió por FS < 12 ug/dL. Los datos se procesaron en el programa SPSS® versión 25. Se usó la correlación Spearman para el análisis bivariado. Se construyó la curva ROC para determinar el punto de corte de Hb para DH.Resultados: La mayor correlación de FS se observó con la hemoglobina corpuscular media (HCM), rho = 0,449 (p < 0,001) y el volumen corpuscular medio (VCM) rho = 0,423 (p < 0,001). El punto de corte de la Hb, según la FS, que define DH fue de 12,15 g/dL (curva ROC: 0,704; IC 95%: 0,597-0,811; p < 0,001).Conclusión: El VCM y la HCM presentaron mejor correlación con la FS. El modelo cúbico y logarítmico son los que representaron mejor estas relaciones respectivamente. La Hb < 12,15 g/dL permite diagnosticar DH en lactantes de 6 meses a 3400 m de altura.