bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA degradation in nuclei of muscle cells followed by ischemic injury in a rabbit amputation model
Authors: Wang Qing , Zhang Jian , Chen Tong‐Yi , Chen Zhong‐Wei , Chen Michael B. , Lineaweaver William C. , Zhang Feng 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis study evaluated DNA degradation in nuclei of muscle cells during ischemia in a rabbit limb amputation model. Seven New Zealand rabbits were used. The left rear limb of the animal was amputated. The quadriceps femoris muscle was biopsied, as well as the rabbit carotid arteries. Half of the tissue samples were preserved at a cold temperature (2–4°C), and the other half were kept at room temperature (25°C, global ischemia). Immediately and 4, 8, 12, 16, and 24 h after amputation, muscle tissue samples were stained with the Feulgen reaction and analyzed by an image‐analysis system to detect DNA contents in muscle cell nuclei. Samples from carotid arteries were examined with a transmission electron microscope. The results showed that the DNA content in muscle cell nuclei was slightly decreased at 4 and 8 h of global ischemia. At 12 h after global ischemia, the DNA content was found to be significantly decreased (80.03% of baseline). The DNA content dropped to 53.93% of baseline at 16 h of global ischemia. However, in the muscle that was preserved at cold temperature, the DNA contents were only slightly changed along with the ischemia time at 24 h. The DNA changes were confirmed by transmission electron microscopic observations. The present findings could provide evidence for the study of revascularization of ischemic muscle. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006.
Two‐step procedure of whole orthotopic intestinal transplantation in rats: Considerations of techniques and graft functional adaptation
Authors: Li Yousheng , Zhu Liang , Li Jieshou 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIntestinal transplantation may eventually become the definitive therapeutic modality for irreversible intestinal failure. To date, immunological, functional, and technical problems still hamper clinical success. In this paper, the technical aspects of a two‐stage procedure for a whole orthotopic intestinal transplantation model of rats with systemic drainage are illustrated. Graft mucosal Na+/K+‐ATPase and disaccharidase revealed recovery of graft function. From this study, we conclude that the present model may provide an excellent tool to further investigate the physiology and immunology of intestinal transplantation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2006.
SN2 reaction of a sulfonate ester in the presence of alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides and mixed cationic‐cationic systems
Authors: Mohareb Michael M. , Ghosh Kallol K. , Orlova Galina , Palepu Rama M. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe effects of alkyltriphenylphosphonium bromides (CnTPB, n = 10, 12, 14, 16) on the rates of SN2 reactions of methyl 4‐nitrobenzenesulfonate and bromide ion have been studied. Observed first‐order rate constants are significantly higher than those found for other cationic surfactants for the same reaction. The results have been analyzed by the pseudophase model of micellar kinetics and show true micellar catalysis in the sense that second‐order micellar rate constants are higher than the second‐order rate constants in water. An attempt has also been made to investigate mixed cationic–cationic surfactant systems with respect to observed rates and pseudophase regression parameters. In addition, modeling of some cationic head groups has illustrated possible differences in head group charges and counterion interactions that may prove kinetically relevant. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic biradical compounds with a mesogenic core and long alkoxy groups: preparation, structures and magnetic properties
Authors: Nakatsuji Shin'ichi , Amano Takamitsu , Akutsu Hiroki , Yamada Jun‐ichi 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSeries of organic biradical compounds 3a–3h consisting of a mesogenic core (biphenyl, naphthalene, azobenzene and azoxybenzene) and long alkoxy groups with PROXYL or TEMPO radicals were prepared. The TEMPO derivatives (3b, 3d, 3f, and 3h) were found to show fairly large antiferromagnetic interactions (J = −34 ∼ −45 K) being well expressed by singlet‐triplet model irrespective of the mesogenic cores and the behavior is understandable by taking a hand‐in‐hand like assembled structure into consideration. On the other hand, only weak antiferromagnetic interactions with Curie–Weiss behavior were observed in all of the PROXYL derivatives (3a, 3c, 3e, and 3d) affording a sharp contrast with the TEMPO‐based biradicals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
310‐helices in proteins are parahelices
Authors: Enkhbayar Purevjav , Hikichi Kunio , Osaki Mitsuru , Kretsinger Robert H. , Matsushima Norio 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe 310‐helix is characterized by having at least two consecutive hydrogen bonds between the main‐chain carbonyl oxygen of residue i and the main‐chain amide hydrogen of residue i + 3. The helical parameters — pitch, residues per turn, radius, and root mean square deviation (rmsd) from the best‐fit helix — were determined by using the HELFIT program. All 310‐helices were classified as regular or irregular based on rmsd/(N − 1)1/2 where N is the helix length. For both there are systematic, position‐specific shifts in the backbone dihedral angles. The average ϕ, ψ shift systematically from ∼ −58°, ∼ −32° to ∼ −90°, ∼ −4° for helices 5, 6, and 7 residues long. The same general pattern is seen for helices, N = 8 and 9; however, in N = 9, the trend is repeated with residues 6, 7, and 8 approximately repeating the ϕ, ψ of residues 2, 3, and 4. The residues per turn and radius of regular 310‐helices decrease with increasing length of helix, while the helix pitch and rise per residue increase. That is, regular 310‐helices become thinner and longer as N increases from 5 to 8. The fraction of regular 310‐helices decreases linearly with helix length. All longer helices, N ≥ 9 are irregular. Energy minimizations show that regular helices become less stable with increasing helix length. These findings indicate that the definition of 310‐helices in terms of average, uniform dihedral angles is not appropriate and that it is inherently unstable for a polypeptide to form an extended, regular 310‐helix. The 310‐helices observed in proteins are better referred to parahelices. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMI: new aspects of a classical risk factor for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy
Authors: Leeners Brigitte , Rath Werner , Kuse Sabine , Irawan Claudia , Imthurn Bruno , Neumaier-Wagner Peruka 
Published: June 2006

HDP (hypertensive diseases in pregnancy) are one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality and morbidity. BMI (body mass index) is an established risk factor for pre-eclampsia, but its role in HELLP syndrome is unknown. We therefore investigated BMI as a risk factor in the development of HELLP syndrome. At the beginning of pregnancy, BMI was measured in 1067 women with a history of HDP and 1063 controls. Diagnoses of HDP were classified according to ISSHP (International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy) and BMI according to WHO (World Health Organization) criteria. After verification of exclusion criteria and matching for confounders, 687 women with hypertensive diseases in pregnancy and 601 controls remained for statistical evaluation by χ2 test and multiple logistic regressions. As a continuous variable, the increase in BMI was associated with an increase in the development of gestational hypertension {OR (odds ratio), 1.1 [95% CI (confidence interval) 1.062–1.197]} and pre-eclampsia [OR, 1.1 (95% CI, 1.055–1.144)]}, but not for HELLP syndrome. According to WHO definitions, overweight women (BMI ≥25 and &lt;30 kg/m2) had a 2-fold (95% CI, 1.365–2.983) risk and obese women (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) had a 3.2-fold (95% CI, 1.7–5.909) risk of developing pre-eclampsia when compared with women of normal weight (BMI ≥15.5 and &lt;25 kg/m2). Being overweight or having obesity had no effect on the risk of HELLP syndrome. As an increased BMI is correlated with the risk of developing pre-eclampsia but not HELLP syndrome, both diseases have a different risk profile. This finding supports that underlying physiological mechanisms in pre-eclampsia vary from those in HELLP syndrome.
THESEUS: maximum likelihood superpositioning and analysis of macromolecular structures
Authors: Theobald Douglas L. , Wuttke Deborah S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSummary: THESEUS is a command line program for performing maximum likelihood (ML) superpositions and analysis of macromolecular structures. While conventional superpositioning methods use ordinary least-squares (LS) as the optimization criterion, ML superpositions provide substantially improved accuracy by down-weighting variable structural regions and by correcting for correlations among atoms. ML superpositioning is robust and insensitive to the specific atoms included in the analysis, and thus it does not require subjective pruning of selected variable atomic coordinates. Output includes both likelihood-based and frequentist statistics for accurate evaluation of the adequacy of a superposition and for reliable analysis of structural similarities and differences. THESEUS performs principal components analysis for analyzing the complex correlations found among atoms within a structural ensemble.Availability: ANSI C source code and selected binaries for various computing platforms are available under the GNU open source license from orContact: douglas.theobald@colorado.eduSupplementary Information: Supplementary data including details of the ML superpositioning algorithm are available at Bioinformatics online.
Suppression of Both ELIP1 and ELIP2 in Arabidopsis Does Not Affect Tolerance to Photoinhibition and Photooxidative Stress
Authors: Rossini Silvia , Casazza Anna Paola , Engelmann Enrico C.M. , Havaux Michel , Jennings Robert C. , Soave Carlo 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
ELIPs (early light-induced proteins) are thylakoid proteins transiently induced during greening of etiolated seedlings and during exposure to high light stress conditions. This expression pattern suggests that these proteins may be involved in the protection of the photosynthetic apparatus against photooxidative damage. To test this hypothesis, we have generated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutant plants null for both elip genes (Elip1 and Elip2) and have analyzed their sensitivity to light during greening of seedlings and to high light and cold in mature plants. In particular, we have evaluated the extent of damage to photosystem II, the level of lipid peroxidation, the presence of uncoupled chlorophyll molecules, and the nonphotochemical quenching of excitation energy. The absence of ELIPs during greening at moderate light intensities slightly reduced the rate of chlorophyll accumulation but did not modify the extent of photoinhibition. In mature plants, the absence of ELIP1 and ELIP2 did not modify the sensitivity to photoinhibition and photooxidation or the ability to recover from light stress. This raises questions about the photoprotective function of these proteins. Moreover, no compensatory accumulation of other ELIP-like proteins (SEPs, OHPs) was found in the elip1/elip2 double mutant during high light stress. elip1/elip2 mutant plants show only a slight reduction in the chlorophyll content in mature leaves and greening seedlings and a lower zeaxanthin accumulation in high light conditions, suggesting that ELIPs could somehow affect the stability or synthesis of these pigments. On the basis of these results, we make a number of suggestions concerning the biological function of ELIPs.
A Critique of Schopenhauer's Metaphysic
Authors: Wells G.A. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSchopenhauer's metaphysic is not more credible than the systems of his contemporaries Fichte, Schelling and Hegel, all of whom he criticised so severely. But as his writings, unlike theirs, are so lucid, they illustrate very clearly the metaphysician's endeavour to reach knowledge that is immediate and indubitable, not mediated by the sense organs and the brain, as is knowledge of the external world. He argues that ‘das Einzige wirklich und unbedingt Gegebene ist das Selbstbewußtsein’, which alone can yield ‘die letzten und wichtigsten Aufschlüsse über das Wesen der Dinge’. He himself was not religious, but this doctrine has appealed to theologians seeking a basis for their belief that is independent of external (historical) testimony. In this connection, Albert Schweitzer expressly urged a return to the German metaphysical tradition, in particular to Schopenhauer's view of the will as the transcendent reality at the basis of self‐consciousness. The present article argues, in the British empirical tradition, that there is really no reason to distinguish self‐consciousness and experiences attributable to will from other kinds of experience. The practical distinction is that the idea of self depends largely not on the sensations provided by readily observable senses such as sight and hearing, but on muscular, articular and visceral receptors which constitute a less accessible internal sensorium.
‘Ein neues, mächtiges Volkstum’: Eugenic Discourse and its Impact on the Work of Gerhart Hauptmann
Authors: Ní Dhúill Caitríona 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThis essay compares the negative portrayal of dogmatic eugenicism in Gerhart Hauptmann's early play Vor Sonnenaufgang (1889) with ways in which the eugenics question was articulated in Hauptmann's later works, specifically the novels Atlantis (1912) and Die Insel der großen Mutter (1924). The differences between early and later iterations of this theme in Hauptmann's work are contextualised with reference to the increasing popularity of eugenics in the intervening period. The novels under consideration are shown to reflect the contemporary eugenicist commitment to the promotion of the healthy body as a cornerstone of social and cultural renewal. The appeal of eugenics to the maternalist feminism to which Hauptmann gave imaginative free rein in Die Insel der großen Mutter is located in the view of woman as guardian of the future. Building on recent research into the interaction between eugenic and aesthetic discourse in Hauptmann's dramas, the essay examines the function of eugenics as an aesthetics of reproduction which is shaped by and in turn contributes to the cultural construction of categories such as ‘nature’ and ‘health’.
Self transglutaminase‐based rapid coeliac disease antibody detection by a lateral flow method
Authors: RAIVIO T. , KAUKINEN K. , NEMES É. , LAURILA K. , COLLIN P. , KOVÁCS J. B. , MÄKI M. , KORPONAY‐SZABÓ I. R. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackgroundThe conventional coeliac disease antibody tests require patient's sera, and are laborious and time‐consuming.AimTo evaluate a newly developed rapid whole blood test in coeliac disease antibody detection, and its suitability for office use.MethodsEndogenous tissue transglutaminase found in red blood cells in a whole blood fingertip or venous sample is liberated upon haemolysis and complexes with tissue transglutaminase antibodies, if present. The complexes, captured by a lateral flow system, are visualized within 5 min. Stored samples from 121 untreated, 106 treated coeliac disease patients and 107 controls were evaluated and compared with serum endomysium and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests and histology; 150 patients were prospectively tested on site in the doctor's office.ResultsThe rapid test showed sensitivity (96.7%) comparable with the serum endomysium and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests from stored samples; specificity was slightly lower (93.5%). When tested on site the results were concordant in 96.7% of cases compared with endomysium and tissue transglutaminase antibody results. The test recognized the disappearance of tissue transglutaminase antibodies on a gluten‐free diet.ConclusionsThe self tissue transglutaminase‐based rapid test can be easily carried out from a fingertip blood sample on site in the physician's office for both coeliac disease case finding and dietary monitoring purposes.
Recent trends in hospital admissions and mortality rates for peptic ulcer in Scotland 1982–2002
Authors: KANG J. Y. , ELDERS A. , MAJEED A. , MAXWELL J. D. , BARDHAN K. D. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackgroundWhile overall hospital admission rates for peptic ulcer declined in England in the 1990 s, they increased among the elderly, especially for complicated ulcer. However, peptic ulcer admissions fell for all age groups in the United States.AimTo examine time trends in the incidence of hospital admissions, mortality and operations because of peptic ulcer in Scotland from 1982 to 2002, and the use of various drugs relevant to the aetiology and treatment of peptic ulcer from 1992 to 2002.ResultsThere was a general decrease in admission rates, especially for younger individuals. For individuals aged above 74 years, admission rates actually increased for gastric ulcer with haemorrhage among men, and for duodenal ulcer haemorrhage between both sexes. The number of operations fell dramatically, especially for younger patients. Mortality rates generally declined. Case fatality rates were greater for women than men, and declined over the study period for gastric ulcer, but increased for duodenal ulcer. The use of low‐dose aspirin, oral anticoagulants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and proton‐pump inhibitors increased while those of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and histamine‐2 antagonists declined.ConclusionsAdmission rates for peptic ulcer generally fell for younger individuals, but increased for older people with haemorrhage.
Low compliance with colonoscopic screening in first‐degree relatives of patients with large adenomas
Authors: COTTET V. , PARIENTE A. , NALET B. , LAFON J. , MILAN C. , OLSCHWANG S. , FAIVRE J. , BONAITI‐PELLIÉ C. , BONITHON‐KOPP C. ,   THE ANGH GROUP
Published: June 2006

SummaryBackgroundLittle is known about compliance with colonoscopy as a screening method in first‐degree relatives of patients with large adenomas.AimsTo evaluate the compliance with screening colonoscopy among this population, and its determinants.MethodsData were obtained from the family part of the GEADE study, a study on genetic factors of colorectal adenomas. Index cases were 306 patients with adenomas ≥ 10 mm. All living first‐degree relatives aged 40–75 who could be contacted by the index case were asked to undergo a colonoscopy, unless they had had one in the previous 5 years.ResultsAmong 674 eligible relatives, 56 had had a colonoscopy within the preceding 5 years and 114 underwent a screening colonoscopy resulting in a compliance with screening colonoscopy of 18%. This was not related to most characteristics of index cases. Compliance was significantly lower when the index case lived in the Greater Paris area than when he/she lived in other areas (12% vs. 21%). It was higher in siblings (18%) and offspring (23%) than in parents (9%) and in relatives under 55 years old (22%) than in relatives aged 55 and over (15%).ConclusionsCompliance with colonoscopy was low in first‐degree relatives of patients with large adenomas. The reasons for this should be determined and appropriate strategies developed to increase compliance.
Maternal self‐efficacy and maternal perception of child language competence in pre‐school children with a communication disability
Authors: Harty M. , Alant E. , Uys C. J. E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractBackground  The aim of this study was to describe maternal self‐efficacy beliefs within the parenting domain and maternal ratings of pre‐school children’s language abilities, where the child has a communication disability. The association between these two constructs was also investigated.Method  Twenty‐five mothers completed a questionnaire consisting of two subsections: parental self‐efficacy and maternal rating of child language ability. Convenience sampling was used, and mothers with children attending four special‐education schools in the Pretoria area consented to participate in the study.Results  The results revealed that mothers generally had high self‐efficacy beliefs within certain parenting roles, in spite of the fact that their child has a communication disability. The lowest competence was reported in discipline and teaching roles. In addition, mothers’ reports of patterns of child ability correlated with what has been written in the literature. Correlation statistics generally revealed weak association between the constructs, with the strongest association between the parental domain of discipline and maternal reports of their child’s receptive language abilities.Conclusions  Possible reasons for the weak correlation values are proposed. These include factors that may alter the way parents of children with disabilities construct and maintain self‐efficacy beliefs; as well as the fact that the two sections of the questionnaire measure maternal appraisals at two very different levels (objective observations and evaluative self‐regulatory processes).
Variability of the administered radioiodine doses for the treatment of hyperthyroidism in Belgium
Authors: Tondeur Marianne , Glinoer Daniel , Sand Alain , Verelst Jean , Ham Hamphrey 
Published: June 2006

SummaryObjective   When using radioiodine for hyperthyroidism there is no consensus regarding the administration of fixed or calculated doses. Guidelines do not specify the preferable approach or the parameters to use to calculate the dose. Therefore, the dose might be quite different with regard to the chosen procedure. This study was undertaken to evaluate the variability of the amount of radioiodine administered in Belgium in various cases of hyperthyroidism.Design and patients  Twenty‐one Belgian nuclear medicine physicians received summarized clinical files from 10 patients suffering from overt hyperthyroidism (n = 7) or subclinical hyperthyroidism (n = 3). Five patients had homogeneous goiters, one had multinodular goiter, and four had hot nodule. Participants had to determine the radioiodine dose (millicuries, mCi) they would give in each case.Results   Proposed doses varied between 2 mCi and 25 mCi. Mean proposed dose for nodular disease was 10·71 mCi; it was 6·79 mCi for homogeneous goiter. For individual cases, a difference between the lowest and the highest dose of more than 17 mCi was observed in more than 50% of the cases.Conclusions   We believe that more precise guidelines are mandatory, underlying uncertainties, controversies but recommending however, as minimal and maximal doses to administer, as well as clinical and biological parameters, if any, to be taken into account in order to modulate these doses.