bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prognostic significance of CD100 expression in soft tissue sarcoma
Authors: Ch'ng EweSeng , Tomita Yasuhiko , Zhang Binglin , He Juxiang , Hoshida Yoshihiko , Qiu Ying , Morii Eiichi , Nakamichi Itsuko , Hamada Ken‐ichiro , Ueda Takafumi , Aozasa Katsuyuki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.CD100, a class IV semaphorin, promotes angiogenesis, invasive growth, proliferation, and antiapoptosis of cancer cells in vitro. The expression of CD100 in soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and its correlation with clinicopathologic factors and prognostic significance were evaluated.METHODS.Expression levels of CD100 in patients with localized STS were evaluated immunohistochemically on paraffin‐embedded sections from 81 patients, including 47 men and 34 women with a median age of 54 years. Staining intensity was categorized into weaker than (level 1) or equal to that of lymphocytes with a rate of <10% stained tumor cells (level 2) or >10% stained tumor cells (level 3). Ki‐67 staining was performed in parallel.RESULTS.Forty‐two tumors (52%) had level 1 CD100 expression, 18 tumors (22%) had level 2 CD100 expression, and 21 tumors (26%) had level 3 CD100 expression. Tumors that had level 2 and 3 CD100 expression were correlated significantly with higher mitotic count, cellularity, ratio of necrosis, and Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) compared with tumors that had level 1 CD100 expression. There was no correlation between CD100 expression and other characteristics. Among the 3 levels of CD100 expression, higher expression levels were correlated with poorer overall and disease‐free survival. Multivariate analysis revealed that CD100 expression (levels 1 and 2 vs level 3) and tumor size (≤5 cm vs >5 cm) were independent prognosticators for overall survival (P< .05 for both), and CD100 expression (levels 1 and 2 vs level 3) was an independent prognosticator for disease‐free survival (P< .05).CONCLUSIONS.The results from this study indicated the demonstrated prognostic significance of CD100 expression in STS. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Merkel cell carcinoma: Critical review with guidelines for multidisciplinary management
Authors: Bichakjian Christopher K. , Lowe Lori , Lao Christopher D. , Sandler Howard M. , Bradford Carol R. , Johnson Timothy M. , Wong Sandra L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a relatively rare cutaneous malignancy that occurs predominantly in the older white population. The incidence of MCC appears to have tripled during the past 20 years; an increase that is likely to continue because of the growing number of older Americans. The pathogenesis of MCC remains largely unknown. However, ultraviolet radiation and immunosuppression are likely to play a significant pathogenetic role. Many questions currently remain unanswered regarding the biologic behavior and optimal treatment of MCC. Large, prospective, randomized studies are not available and are unlikely to be performed because of the rarity of the disease. The objective of this review was to provide a comprehensive reference for MCC based on a critical evaluation of the current data. The authors investigated the importance of sentinel lymph node biopsy as a staging tool for MCC to assess the status of the regional lymph node basin and to determine the need for additional therapy to the lymph node basin. In an attempt to standardize prospective data collection with the intention to define prognostic indicators, the authors also present histopathologic profiles for primary MCC and sentinel lymph nodes. The controversies regarding the appropriate surgical approach to primary MCC, the use of adjuvant radiation therapy, and the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy were examined critically. Finally, the authors have provided treatment guidelines based on the available evidence and their multidisciplinary experience. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Unsteady free convection–radiation flow over a vertical wall embedded in a porous medium
Authors: Zueco Joaquín 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA numerical solution for the transient two‐dimensional free convection flow of viscous dissipative fluid over an infinite vertical plate through a porous medium bounded, taking into account the thermal radiation, is analysed. The fluid is grey, and acts as a radiation emitting and absorbing (but non‐scattering) medium. The influence of the non‐dimensional parameters such as the Forchheimer coefficient (Fo), the permeability parameter (P), the Eckert number (Ec) and the radiation parameter (R) on the velocity, temperature, Nusselt number and on the time taken to reach the steady state is studied. The possibility of non‐Darcy flow is also analysed. The numerical method employed, network simulation method, is based on an electro‐thermal analogy and permits the direct visualization and evolution of the local and/or integrated transport variables (velocities, temperatures and fluxes) at any point or section of the medium. The numerical solutions of this work have been compared with the existing information in the literature with good agreement. Copyright
© 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework for performance analysis of Co‐Array Fortran
Authors: Mohr Bernd , DeRose Luiz , Vetter Jeffrey 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCo‐Array Fortran (CAF) is a parallel programming extension to Fortran that provides a straightforward mechanism for representing distributed memory communication and, in particular, one‐sided communication. Although this integration of communication primitives with the language improves programmer productivity, this new level of abstraction makes the analysis of CAF performance mode difficult. This situation is due, in part, to a lack of tools for the analysis of CAF applications. In this paper, we present an extension to the KOJAK toolkit based on a source‐to‐source translator that supports performance instrumentation, data collection, trace generation, and performance visualization of CAF applications. We illustrate this approach with a performance visualization of a CAF version of the Halo kernel benchmark using the VAMPIR event trace visualization tool. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Segregation of Inorganic Ions at Surfaces of Polar Nonaqueous Liquids
Authors: Cwiklik Lukasz , Andersson Gunther , Dang Liem X. , Jungwirth Pavel 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe present a short review of recent computational and experimental studies on surfaces of solutions of inorganic salts in polar nonaqueous solvents. These investigations complement our knowledge of aqueous interfaces and show that liquids such as formamide, liquid ammonia, and ethylene glycol can also surface‐segregate large polarizable anions like iodide, albeit less efficiently than water. For liquids whose surfaces are covered with hydrophobic groups (e.g. methanol), the surface‐ion effect all but disappears. Based on the present data a general picture of inorganic‐ion solvation at the solution–vapor interface of polar liquids is outlined.
Song and brain development in canaries raised under different conditions of acoustic and social isolation over two years
Authors: Leitner Stefan , Catchpole Clive K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEarly isolation experiments indicate that male songbirds learn their songs during an early sensitive period, although later work has shown that some open‐ended learners modify songs in later years. Recent isolation experiments suggest that in some species song has a stronger genetic basis than previously thought. This study raised domestic canaries under different combinations of acoustic and social isolation and followed song development into the second year. Males raised alone in acoustic isolation developed songs with normal syllables, but larger repertoires and also produced syllables with lower repetition rates when compared to controls. The smallest repertoire occurred in males raised in a peer group. Isolate males had a smaller song control nucleus HVC than controls, but there was no effect on nucleus RA or on brain weight in general. In the second year, after introduction into a large normal colony, isolate and peer group males adjusted their syllable repertoire to normal size. In particular, the isolates reduced their repertoire even though the size of HVC showed a significant increase in volume. However, songs of isolate and peer group males still differ in repetition rate and number of single syllables in the common aviary. In contrast, control males showed low syllable turnover and no significant change in repertoire size. Nor did they show any significant change in the volumes of song control nuclei. It seems that complete isolation affects only some aspects of song and brain development, and later socialization corrects some but not all of these in the second year. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Species differences in auditory processing dynamics in songbird auditory telencephalon
Authors: Terleph Thomas A. , Mello Claudio V. , Vicario David S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe caudomedial nidopallium (NCM) of songbirds is a telencephalic area involved in the auditory processing and memorization of complex vocal communication signals. We used pure tone stimuli and multiunit electrophysiological recordings in awake birds to investigate whether the basic properties of song‐responding circuits in NCM differ between canaries and zebra finches, two species whose songs are markedly different in their spectral and temporal organization. We found that the responses in zebra finch NCM are characterized by broad tuning and sustained responses that may facilitate the integration of zebra finch song syllables and call notes that are of long duration and have a broad harmonic structure. In contrast, we found that the responses in canary NCM show narrower tuning and less sustained responses over the time periods analyzed. These characteristics may contribute to enhanced processing of the narrow‐band whistles, rapid trills, and steep frequency modulations that are prominent features of canary song. These species differences are much less pronounced in field L2, the direct thalamorecipient region that represents a preceding station in the central avian auditory pathway. NCM responses did not differ across sexes of either species, but field L2 did show wider tuning in zebra finch females relative to males. In sum, species differences in the response properties of NCM likely reflect selectivity for the acoustic elements of each species' vocal repertoire. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Deletion of the Bax gene disrupts sexual behavior and modestly impairs motor function in mice
Authors: Jyotika Jigyasa , McCutcheon Jill , Laroche Julie , Blaustein Jeffrey D. , Forger Nancy G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCell death is a nearly ubiquitous feature of the developing nervous system, and differential death in males and females contributes to several well studied sex differences in neuron number. Nonetheless, the functional importance of neuronal cell death has been subjected to few direct tests. Bax, a pro‐apoptotic protein, is required for cell death in many neural regions. Deletion of the Bax gene in mice increases neuron number in several areas and eliminates sex differences in cell number in the brain and spinal cord. Here, sexual and motor behaviors were examined in Bax−/− mice and their wild‐type siblings to test the functional consequences of preventing Bax‐dependent cell death. Animals were gonadectomized in adulthood and provided with ovarian hormones or with testosterone for tests of feminine and masculine sexual behaviors, respectively. Wild‐type mice exhibited a sex difference in feminine sexual behavior, with high lordosis scores in females and low scores in males. This sex difference was eliminated by Bax deletion, with very low receptivity exhibited by both male and female Bax−/− mice. Masculine sexual behavior was not sexually dimorphic among wild‐type mice, but mounts and pelvic thrusts were nearly eliminated in Bax−/− mice of both sexes. Motor strength and performance at low speeds on a RotaRod apparatus did not differ by sex or Bax gene status. However, Bax−/− animals exhibited impairments on the RotaRod at higher speeds. Thus, developmental cell death may be required for masculine and feminine sexual behaviors and the fine tuning of motor coordination. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Effects of a mutation in the Drosophila porin gene encoding mitochondrial voltage‐dependent anion channel protein on phototransduction
Authors: Lee Sunji , Leung Hung‐Tat , Kim Eunju , Jang Jeyoun , Lee Eunsung , Baek Kwanghee , Pak William L. , Yoon Jaeseung 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMitochondrial porins, also know as VDACs (voltage‐dependent anion channels), play an important role in regulating energy metabolism, apoptosis, and the transport of metabolites across the mitochondrial outer membrane. So far three distinct isoforms of VDAC (VDAC1‐3) have been reported in vertebrates, but their functions remain unknown. The annotation database of the Drosophila melanogaster genome sequence has identified four genes (porin, CG17137, CG17139, and CG17140) encoding different isoforms of VDACs. We identified post‐translational modifications of PORIN that are specific to D. melanogaster eyes. We also identified the P‐element insertion in the porin gene, porinG2294, that is homozygous viable whereas all the porin mutants previously reported are homozygous lethal at the pupal stage. The mutant does not show any defects in fly morphology, survival, and photoreceptor structure. The mutant, however, produces <10% of the normal level of wild‐type (WT) porin transcripts and 16.5% of WT level of the PORIN protein. The P‐element insertion affects only the expression of Class I transcript but not Class II transcript of the porin gene. Unlike in WT, the mutant displays an ERG (electroretinogram) that is not maintained during a prolonged light stimulus. The revertant obtained from remobilization of the P‐element in the mutant produces the WT level of porin transcripts and PORIN protein, and shows a normal ERG response. Our data suggest that the PORIN protein is important in maintaining a photoreceptor response during prolonged stimulation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
nAChR‐mediated calcium responses and plasticity in Drosophila Kenyon cells
Authors: Campusano Jorge M. , Su Hailing , Jiang Shaojuan A. , Sicaeros Beatriz , O'Dowd Diane K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn Drosophila, nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) mediate fast excitatory synaptic transmission in mushroom body Kenyon cells, a neuronal population involved in generation of complex behaviors, including responses to drugs of abuse. To determine whether activation of nAChRs can induce cellular changes that contribute to functional plasticity in these neurons, we examined nicotine‐evoked responses in cells cultured from brains of late stage OK107‐GAL4 pupae. Kenyon cells can be identified by expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP+). Nicotine activates α‐bungarotoxin‐sensitive nAChRs, causing a rapid increase in intracellular calcium levels in over 95% of the Kenyon cells. The nicotine‐evoked calcium increase has a voltage‐gated calcium channel (VGCC) dependent component and a VGCC‐independent component that involves calcium influx directly through nAChRs. Thapsigargin treatment reduces the nicotine response consistent with amplification by calcium release from intracellular stores. The response to nicotine is experience‐dependent: a short conditioning pulse of nicotine causes a transient 50% reduction in the magnitude of the response to a test pulse of nicotine when the interpulse interval is 4 h. This cellular plasticity is dependent on activation of the VGCC‐component of the nicotine response and on cAMP‐signaling, but not on protein synthesis. These data demonstrate that activation of nAChRs induces a calcium‐dependent plasticity in Kenyon cells that could contribute to adult behaviors involving information processing in the mushroom bodies including responses to nicotine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Effects of GABA and GABA receptor inhibition on differentiation of mesencephalic precursors into dopaminergic neurons in vitro
Authors: Parga J.A. , Rodriguez‐Pallares J. , Guerra M.J. , Labandeira‐Garcia J.L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNeurotransmitters have been shown to control CNS neurogenesis, and GABA‐mediated signaling is thought to be involved in the regulation of nearly all key developmental stages. Generation of dopaminergic (DA) neurons from stem/precursor cells for cell therapy in Parkinson's disease has become a major focus of research. However, the possible effects of GABA on generation of DA neurons from proliferating neurospheres of mesencephalic precursors have not been studied. In the present study, GABAA, and GABAB receptors were found to be located in DA cells. Treatment of cultures with GABA did not cause significant changes in generation of DA cells from precursors. However, treatment with the GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline (10−5 M) led to a significant increase in the number DA cells, and treatment with the GABAB receptor antagonist CGP 55845 (10−5 M) to a significant decrease. Simultaneous treatment with bicuculline and CGP 55845 did not induce significant changes. Apoptotic cell death studies and bromodeoxyuridine immunohistochemistry indicated that the aforementioned differences in generation of DA neurons are not due to changes in survival or proliferation of DA cells, but rather to increased or decreased differentiation of mesencephalic precursors towards the DA phenotype. The results suggest that these effects are exerted via GABA receptors located on DA precursors, and are not an indirect consequence of effects on the serotonergic or glial cell population. Administration of GABAA receptor antagonists in the differentiation medium may help to obtain higher rates of DA neurons for potential use in cell therapy for Parkinson's disease. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Neural crest cell deficiency of c‐myc causes skull and hearing defects
Authors: Wei Ke , Chen Jiyuan , Akrami Kevan , Galbraith Gary C. , Lopez Ivan A. , Chen Fabian 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe proto‐oncogene c‐myc has a central role in multiple processes important for embryonic development, including cell proliferation, growth, apoptosis, and differentiation. We have investigated the role of c‐myc in neural crest by using Wnt1‐Cre‐mediated deletion of a conditional mutation of the c‐myc gene. c‐myc deficiency in neural crest resulted in viable adult mice that have defects in coat color, skull frontal bone, and middle ear ossicle development. Physiological hearing studies demonstrated a significant hearing deficit in the mutant mice. In this report, we focus on the craniofacial and hearing defects. To further examine neural crest cells affected by c‐myc deficiency, we fate mapped Wnt1‐Cre expressing neural crest cells using the ROSA26 Cre reporter transgene. The phenotype obtained demonstrates the critical role that c‐myc has in neural crest during craniofacial development as well as in providing a model for examining human congenital skull defects and deafness. genesis 45:382–390, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly restricted diversity of TCR delta chains of the amphibian Mexican axolotl (Ambystomamexicanum) in peripheral tissues
Authors: André Sébastien , Kerfourn Fabienne , Affaticati Pierre , Guerci Aline , Ravassard Philippe , Fellah Julien S. 
Published: May 2007

Abstractγδ T cells localize at mammalian epithelial surfaces to exert both protective and regulatory roles in response to infections. We have previously characterized the Mexican axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) T cell receptor delta (TRD) chain. In this study, TRD repertoires in spleen, liver, intestine and skin from larvae, pre‐adult and adult axolotls were examined and compared to the thymic TRD repertoire. A TRDV transcript without N/D diversity, TRDV1S1‐TRDJ1, dominates the TRD repertoires until sexual maturation. In adult tissues, this canonical transcript is replaced by another dominant TRDV1S1‐TRDJ1 transcript. In the thymus, these two transcripts are detected early in development. Our results suggest that γδ T cells that express the canonical TRDV1S1‐TRDJ1 transcript emerge from the thymus and colonize the peripheral tissues, where they are selectively expanded by recurrent ligands. This particular situation is probably related to the neotenic state and the slow development of the axolotl. In thymectomized axolotls, TRD repertoires appear different from those of normal axolotls, suggesting that extrathymic γδ T cell differentiation could occur. Gene expression analysis showed the importance of the gut in T cell development.
Absence of functional alternative complement pathway alleviates lupus cerebritis
Authors: Alexander Jessy J. , Jacob Alexander , Vezina Paul , Sekine Hideharu , Gilkeson Gary S. , Quigg Richard J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe complement inhibitor, Crry, which blocks both the classical and alternative pathways, alleviates CNS disease in the lupus model, MRL/MpJ‐Tnfrsf6lpr (MRL/lpr) mice. To understand the role of the alternative pathway, we studied mice deficient in a key alternative pathway protein, complement factor B (fB). Immune deposits (IgG and C3) were reduced in the brains of MRL/lpr fB‐deficient (fB–/–MRL/lpr) compared to fB‐sufficient (MRL/lpr) mice, indicating reduced complement activation. Reduced neutrophil infiltration (22% of MRL/lpr mice) and apoptosis (caspase‐3 activity was reduced to 33% of MRL/lpr mice) in these mice indicates that the absence of the alternative pathway was neuroprotective. Furthermore, expression of phospho (p)‐Akt (0.16 ± 0.02 vs. 0.35 ± 0.13, p <0.03) was increased, while expression of p‐PTEN (0.40 ± 0.06 vs. 0.11 ± 0.07, p <0.05) was decreased in fB–/–MRL/lpr mice compared to their MRL/lpr counterparts. The expression of fibronectin, laminin and collagen IV was significantly decreased in fB–/–MRL/lpr mice compared to MRL/lpr mice, indicating that in the lupus setting, tissue integrity was maintained in the absence of the alternative pathway. Absence of fB reduced behavioral alterations in MRL/lpr mice. Our results suggest that in lupus, the alternative pathway may be the key mechanism through which complement activation occurs in brain, and therefore it might serve as a therapeutic target for lupus cerebritis.
Back to the future –defining NK cells and T cells
Authors: Lanier Lewis. L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this issue of the European Journal of Immunology (EJI), Stewart et al. report about a population of γδ‐T cells expressing an extensive repertoire of NK cell receptors, and the presence of non‐rearranged germline TCRδ transcripts in conventional NK cells. These findings and other recent studies highlight the similarities of NK cells and T cells and the problems in discriminating between these two lineages. See accompanying article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737354
Cover Picture: Involvement of nonclassical MHC class Ib molecules in heat shock protein‐mediated anti‐tumor responses – Eur. J. Immunol. 6/2007
Authors: Goyos Ana , Guselnikov Sergey , Chida Asiya S. , Sniderhan Lynn F. , Maggirwar Sanjay B. , Nedelkovska Hristina , Robert Jacques 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe image of the jumping frog was kindly provided by Jacques Robert and created by his son by Adrien. Anti‐tumor responses, both in vitro and in vivo, are studied using Xenopus laevis by Robert and colleagues (pp. 1494–1501); non‐classical MHC class Ib molecules are shown, by RNA interference, to be important for the gp96‐induced CTL response against class Ia‐negative tumors in Xenopus. The conservation of the class Ia‐unrestricted response from Xenopus to mammals indicates the importance of this anti‐tumor immune mechanism.