bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cation‐Loaded Porous Mg2+‐Zeolite Layer Direct Dendrite‐Free Deposition toward Long‐Life Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Su Ben , Wang Xingyu , Chai Lei , Huo Sida , Qiu Jingyi , Huang Qiang , Li Shuang , Wang Yue , Xue Wendong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium metal, with ultrahigh theoretical specific capacity, is considered as an ideal anode material for the lithium‐ion batteries. However, its practical application is severely plagued by the uncontrolled formation of dendritic Li. Here, a cation‐loaded porous Mg2+‐Zeolite layer is proposed to enable the dendrite‐free deposition on the surface of Li metal anode. The skeleton channels of zeolite provide the low coordinated Li+‐solvation groups, leading to the faster desolvation process at the interface. Meanwhile, anions‐involved solvation sheath induces a stable, inorganic‐rich SEI, contributing to the uniform Li+ flux through the interface. Furthermore, the co‐deposition of sustained release Mg2+ realizes a new faster migration pathway, which proactively facilitates the uniform diffusion of Li on the lithium substrate. The synergistic modulation of these kinetic processes facilitates the homogeneous Li plating/stripping behavior. Based on this synergistic mechanism, the high‐efficiency deposition with cyclic longevity exceeding 2100 h is observed in the symmetric Li/Li cell with Mg2+‐Zeolite modified anode at 1 mA cm−2. The pouch cell matched with LiFePO4 cathode fulfills a capacity retention of 88.4% after 100 cycles at a severe current density of 1 C charge/discharge. This synergistic protective mechanism can give new guidance for realizing the safe and high‐performance Li metal batteries.
A New‐Generation Base Editor with an Expanded Editing Window for Microbial Cell Evolution In Vivo Based on CRISPR‒Cas12b Engineering
Authors: Hao Wenliang , Cui Wenjing , Liu Zhongmei , Suo Feiya , Wu Yaokang , Han Laichuang , Zhou Zhemin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBase editors (BEs) are widely used as revolutionary genome manipulation tools for cell evolution. To screen the targeted individuals, it is often necessary to expand the editing window to ensure highly diverse variant library. However, current BEs suffer from a limited editing window of 5–6 bases, corresponding to only 2–3 amino acids. Here, by engineering the CRISPR‒Cas12b, the study develops dCas12b‐based CRISPRi system, which can efficiently repress gene expression by blocking the initiation and elongation of gene transcription. Further, based on dCas12b, a new‐generation of BEs with an expanded editing window is established, covering the entire protospacer or more. The expanded editing window results from the smaller steric hindrance compared with other Cas proteins. The universality of the new BE is successfully validated in Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli. As a proof of concept, a spectinomycin‐resistant E. coli strain (BL21) and a 6.49‐fold increased protein secretion efficiency in E. coli JM109 are successfully obtained by using the new BE. The study, by tremendously expanding the editing window of BEs, increased the capacity of the variant library exponentially, greatly increasing the screening efficiency for microbial cell evolution.
Adoption of nontraditional governance characteristics in US farmer cooperatives
Authors: Grashuis Jasper , Martinez‐Georges Celina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough the governance of farm producer‐owned and ‐controlled organizations is shaped by the complex interaction of mixed member, director, and manager objectives, its conceptualization in the literature is limited to the assignment of control to members, board directors, and managers. Such a categorization is imperfect as there exist other governance characteristics such as member vote distribution, board director identity, manager identity, and CEO identity. Using 371 survey responses from US farmer cooperatives, we inform the adoption of nontraditional governance characteristics in terms of proportional vote distribution, nonmember board directors (i.e., outside directors), and nonmember managers and CEOs. Furthermore, we relate the adoption of nontraditional characteristics to the competitive scope, organizational function, organizational size, and capital structure of the survey respondents by means of various empirical techniques. Generally, nontraditional adaptation of the governance structure, which implies an advanced delegation of control to decision specialists who are non‐members, is positively associated with the competitive scope and organizational size. Also, such nontraditional adaptation is more common to marketing cooperatives as compared to supply cooperatives. Our study motivates a multi‐dimensional conceptualization of governance, which is necessary to better understand the internal coordination of member and manager objectives. [EconLit Citations: Q13].
Halophytes and heavy metals: A multi‐omics approach to understand the role of gene and genome duplication in the abiotic stress tolerance of Cakile maritima
Authors: Thomas Shawn K. , Hoek Kathryn Vanden , Ogoti Tasha , Duong Ha , Angelovici Ruthie , Pires J. Chris , Mendoza‐Cozatl David , Washburn Jacob , Schenck Craig A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPremiseThe origin of diversity is a fundamental biological question. Gene duplications are one mechanism that provides raw material for the emergence of novel traits, but evolutionary outcomes depend on which genes are retained and how they become functionalized. Yet, following different duplication types (polyploidy and tandem duplication), the events driving gene retention and functionalization remain poorly understood. Here we used Cakile maritima, a species that is tolerant to salt and heavy metals and shares an ancient whole‐genome triplication with closely related salt‐sensitive mustard crops (Brassica), as a model to explore the evolution of abiotic stress tolerance following polyploidy.MethodsUsing a combination of ionomics, free amino acid profiling, and comparative genomics, we characterize aspects of salt stress response in C. maritima and identify retained duplicate genes that have likely enabled adaptation to salt and mild levels of cadmium.ResultsCakile maritima is tolerant to both cadmium and salt treatments through uptake of cadmium in the roots. Proline constitutes greater than 30% of the free amino acid pool in C. maritima and likely contributes to abiotic stress tolerance. We find duplicated gene families are enriched in metabolic and transport processes and identify key transport genes that may be involved in C. maritima abiotic stress tolerance.ConclusionsThese findings identify pathways and genes that could be used to enhance plant resilience and provide a putative understanding of the roles of duplication types and retention on the evolution of abiotic stress response.
Age at peak height velocity in Polish adolescents: Effect of socioeconomic factors
Authors: Gomula Aleksandra , Nowak‐Szczepanska Natalia , Králík Miroslav , Malina Robert M. , Zaręba Monika , Koziel Slawomir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAge at peak height velocity (APHV) is an indicator of maturity timing which is applicable to both sexes, and which is influenced by environmental factors. The objective of this study was to assess variation in APHV associated with several indicators of socioeconomic status (SES) in a longitudinal sample of Polish adolescents. The sample included 739 boys born in 1983 and followed annually from 12 to 16 years, and 597 girls born in 1985 and followed annually from 9 to 13 years. The height records were fitted with the SITAR model to estimate APHV. SES was estimated using principal component analysis of indicators of familial status based on parental education, family size, living conditions and household possessions. Statistical analyses included analysis of variance (one‐way for general SES and three‐way for parental education and family size) and Tukey post‐hoc tests for unequal samples. General SES (p <.001) and family size (p < .05) significantly influenced APHV among boys, while only maternal education (p < .05) significantly influenced APHV among girls. Among youth from families of higher SES, as defined by the respective indicators, APHV was attained significantly earlier, on average, than in peers from families of lower SES. Overall, the results showed a sex‐dependent effect of SES on APHV, and highlighted the influence of favorable socioeconomic conditions for optimal growth and maturation during adolescence.
Changes in limb bone diaphyseal structure in chimpanzees during development
Authors: Bleuze Michele M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study tests if femoral and humeral cross‐sectional geometry (CSG) and cross‐sectional properties (CSPs) in an ontogenetic series of wild‐caught chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes ssp.) reflect locomotor behavior during development. The goal is to clarify the relationship between limb bone structure and locomotor behavior during ontogeny in Pan.Materials and MethodsThe latex cast method was used to reconstruct cross sections at the midshaft femur and mid‐distal humerus. Second moments of area (SMAs) (Ix, Iy, Imax, Imin), which are proportional to bending rigidity about a specified axis, and the polar SMA (J), which is proportional to average bending rigidity, were calculated at section locations. Cross‐sectional shape (CSS) was assessed from Ix/Iy and Imax/Imin ratios. Juvenile and adult subsamples were compared.ResultsJuveniles and adults have significantly greater femoral J compared to humeral J. Mean interlimb proportions of J are not significantly different between the groups. There is an overall decreasing trend in diaphyseal circularity between the juvenile phase of development and adulthood, although significant differences are only found in the humerus.DiscussionJuvenile chimpanzee locomotion includes forelimb‐ and hindlimb‐biased behaviors. Juveniles and adults preferentially load their hindlimbs relative to their forelimbs. This may indicate similar locomotor behavior, although other explanations including a diversity of hindlimb‐biased locomotor behaviors in juveniles cannot be ruled out. Different ontogenetic trends in forelimb and hindlimb CSS are consistent with limb bone CSG reflecting functional adaptation, albeit the complex nature of bone functional adaptation requires cautious interpretations of skeletal functional morphology from biomechanical analyses.
Imidazole‐Intercalated Cobalt Hydroxide Enabling the Li+ Desolvation/Diffusion Reaction and Flame Retardant Catalytic Dynamics for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Yang Liu , Wang Yisha , Wang Jingwen , Zheng Yapeng , Ang Edison Huixiang , Hu Yuan , Zhu Jixin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐ion batteries have found extensive applications due to their high energy density and low self‐discharge rates, spanning from compact consumer electronics to large‐scale energy storage facilities. Despite their widespread use, challenges such as inherent capacity degradation and the potential for thermal runaway hinder sustainable development. In this study, we introduce a unique approach to synthesize anode materials for lithium‐ion batteries, specifically imidazole‐intercalated cobalt hydroxide. This innovative material significantly enhances the Li+ desolvation/diffusion reaction and flame‐retardant dynamics through complexing and catalytic synergetic effects. The lithium‐ion batteries incorporating these materials demonstrate exceptional performance, boasting an impressive capacity retention of 997.91 mAh g−1 after 500 cycles. This achievement can be attributed to the optimization of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) interface engineering, effectively mitigating anode degradation and minimizing electrolyte consumption. Experimental and theoretical calculations validate these improvements. Importantly, imidazole intercalated Co(OH)2 (MI−Co(OH)2) exhibits a remarkable catalytic effect on electrolyte carbonization and the conversion of CO to CO2. This dual action suppresses smoke and reduces toxicity significantly. The presented work introduces a novel approach to realizing high‐performance and safe lithium‐ion batteries, addressing key challenges in the pursuit of sustainable energy solutions.
Ni‐Catalyzed Linearizable Cyclization/Coupling with Detachable Silicon‐Oxygen Linker: Access to 1,2‐Oxasilolanes, 3‐Hydroxysilanes and 4‐Arylalkanols
Authors: Lakomy Margaret G. , Shankar Majji , Del Rio Ava C. , Giri Ramesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe disclose a Ni‐catalyzed cyclization/alkylmetal interception reaction in which products are readily linearized to permit regiodefined alkene dicarbofunctionalization. This method offers a convenient route to access 1,2‐oxasilolane heterocycles, 3‐hydroxysilanes and 4‐arylalkanols with the formation of C(sp3)−C(sp3) bonds at primary and secondary alkyl carbon centers. In this reaction, a silicon‐oxygen (Si−O) bond functions as a detachable linker that can be delinked with several hydride, alkyl, aryl and vinyl nucleophiles to create profusely functionalized 3‐hydroxysilanes. A silicon motif in the cyclic C(sp3)−Si−O construct in 1,2‐oxasilolane heterocycles can also be selectively deleted by Pd‐catalyzed hydrodesilylation affording Si‐ablated linear alcohol products reminiscent of vicinal ethylene dicarbofunctionalization with C(sp3) and C(sp2) carbon sources.
Impact of chemical reaction on hybrid nanofluid (GO + MoS2) flow over an exponentially stretching sheet with Soret and Dufour effects
Authors: Manigandan Arumugam , Narayana Panyam Venkata Satya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Soret and Dufour effects play a crucial role in various fields such as geosciences, groundwater pollutant migration, chemical reactor operations, binary alloy solidification, and isotope separation. This study focuses on examining the impact of mixed convective flow on hybrid nanofluid through an exponentially stretching sheet with Soret and Dufour effects. The flow is affected by factors like variable viscosity, radiation, viscous dissipation, and activation energy. Instead of the no‐slip condition at the boundary, velocity slip, thermal slip, and concentration slip are considered. The physical problem is modeled using boundary layer theory, and flow patterns are expressed using partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing fluid flow equations are transformed into non‐linearly coupled ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using exponential similarity transformations. These simplified ODEs are resolved using the MATLAB bvp4c package. The effects of physical parameters on velocity, temperature, and concentration are illustrated through figures. Additionally, the drag force coefficient and heat and mass transfer rates are calculated for various parameters and presented graphically and in tabular form. It is observed that compared to nanofluids, the drag force coefficient of hybrid nanofluids increases by up to 21.05% with various solute buoyancy parameters (δ). Also, the mass transfer rate of hybrid nanofluids can be increased by .96% by the chemical reaction rate (σm). A comparison of this work with previously published research has been reported.
Moisture barriers used in firefighters' protective clothing: Effect of accelerated thermal aging on their mechanical and barrier performance
Authors: Munevar‐Ortiz Laura , Nychka John A. , Dolez Patricia I. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMoisture barriers are an essential component in firefighters' protective clothing as they allow water vapor to exit and prevent liquids from entering into the garment. However, they may be sensitive to thermal aging. This study investigates the effect of accelerated thermal aging at temperatures between 95 and 240°C on three different moisture barriers used in firefighters' protective clothing. Variations in their tear force, water vapor transmission rate (WVTR), and apparent contact angle were observed after thermal aging. These variations were influenced by factors such as the base fabric structure, fiber content, adhesive characteristics, and presence of an additional flame‐resistant polyurethane coating on top of the expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane. Adhesive degradation and delamination were observed in one moisture barrier, whilst different extents of base fabric degradation occurred in all three of them, leading to tear force reduction. Depending on the moisture barrier and aging temperature, the membranes experienced crack formation or pore closure, which affected the WVTR. The water‐repellent finish on the fabric side degraded in two moisture barriers but was not affected in the other. These findings highlight the importance of considering the constitutive materials and the structure of moisture barriers to understand their aging behavior and improve firefighters' safety.
Correlation of Structural Changes and Hydrogen Diffusion in Polycrystalline WO3 Thin Films by Combining In Situ Transmission Measurements and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Friedrich Markus S. , Hecker Tim K. , Strack Alexander G. , Tuchecker Paul , Klar Peter J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDiffusion in polycrystalline tungsten trioxide (WO3) thin films is studied in a lateral geometry to better understand the impact of hydrogen‐induced structural phase transitions on the diffusion. WO3 thin films are coated with polymethylmethacrylate layer (PMMA). The latter is microstructured in such a way that a narrow stripe‐like gap occurs in the PMMA layer exposing the surface of the WO3 thin film. This stripe serves as the contact to the electrolyte in the intercalation experiment with hydrogen. After intercalation, the lateral diffusion of hydrogen inside WO3 below the PMMA layer can be observed, increasing the analyzable path and time scale by several orders of magnitude compared to the film thickness, thus, significantly improving spatial and temporal resolution of in situ transmission and Raman measurements. Spatially resolved transmission measurements in the wavelength range of 633±55 nm show that the diffusion process is dependent on hydrogen concentration and exhibits two regimes describable by different diffusion coefficients. Time‐resolved Raman spectroscopic measurements at different distances from the electrolyte contact area show that the switching between the two diffusion coefficients occurs at the phase transition from the orthorhombic to the tetragonal phase. The results are further supported by a simulation. The measurement approach is universally applicable for electrochromic films or multilayers.
Analysis of the population genetics of the Yangtze finless porpoise population in the Poyang Lake Basin: Insight of conservation recommendations
Authors: Rongcheng Rao , Jianglong Que , Zhen Tian , Jialing Min , Ying Yang , Qinghai Huang , Jinxiang Yu , Yingen Dai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The genomes of 32 Yangtze finless porpoises (YFPs) in the Poyang Lake Basin were sequenced, and the data were used for population genetic analysis.
The population genetic structure of YFP in the Poyang Lake Basin is relatively simple, with a linkage disequilibrium decay distance of 705 bp.
The correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance for YFP populations from different regions showed that the populations had a fixed range.
Although Poyang Lake is connected during the rainy season, changes in water levels and human activities have hindered the exchange and migration of YFP populations between different areas. In particular, these changes may lead to differences in physiological metabolism and reproduction between populations in the main lake area and those in the sand pits, which are connected to the main lake area during the dry season.
This study highlights the need for measures such as artificial translocation, dredging and habitat restoration to improve the exchange of YFP populations between different areas. We also suggest that the sand pits should be designated as protected areas, as their environment is conducive to the survival of the population.
Investigating the impact of remote neuroanatomy education during the COVID‐19 pandemic using online examination performance in a National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition
Authors: De Louche Calvin D. , Taylor Charles , Weiss Veronique B. N. , Amendra Damian , Philp Janet , Parrott Rachel , Hall Samuel , Border Scott 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeuroanatomy is a notoriously challenging subject for medical students to learn. Due to the coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic, anatomical education transitioned to an online format. We assessed student performance in, and attitudes toward, an online neuroanatomy assessment compared to an in‐person equivalent, as a marker of the efficacy of remote neuroanatomy education. Participants in the National Undergraduate Neuroanatomy Competition (NUNC) 2021 undertook two online examinations: a neuroanatomically themed multiple‐choice question paper and anatomy spotter. Students completed pre‐ and post‐examination questionnaires to gauge their attitudes toward the online competition and prior experience of online anatomical teaching/assessment. To evaluate performance, we compared scores of students who sat the online (2021) and in‐person (2017) examinations, using 12 identical neuroradiology questions present in both years. Forty‐six percent of NUNC 2021 participants had taken an online anatomy examination in the previous 12 months, but this did not impact examination performance significantly (p > 0.05). There was no significant difference in examination scores between in‐person and online examinations using the 12 neuroradiology questions (p = 0.69). Fifty percent of participants found the online format less enjoyable, with 63% citing significantly fewer networking opportunities. The online competition was less stressful for 55% of participants. This study provides some evidence to suggest that student performance is not affected when undertaking online examinations and proposes that online neuroanatomy teaching methods, particularly for neuroradiology, may be equally as effective as in‐person approaches within this context. Participants perceived online examinations as less stressful but raised concerns surrounding the networking potential and enjoyment of online events.
Biomaterials for Targeting Endoplasmic Reticulum in Cancer
Authors: Mishra Tripti , Sengupta Poulomi , Basu Sudipta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEndoplasmic reticulum (ER) is one of the most important sub‐cellular organelles which controls myriads of biological functions including protein biosynthesis with proper functional folded form, protein misfolding, protein transport into Golgi body for secretion, Ca2+ homeostasis and so on. Subsequently, dysregulation in ER function leads to ER stress followed by disease pathology like cancer. Hence, targeting ER in the cancer cells emerged as one of the futuristic strategies for cancer treatment. However, the major challenge is to selectively and specifically target ER in the sub‐cellular milieu in the cancer tissues, due to the lack of ER targeting chemical moieties to recognize the ER markers. To address this, in the last decade, numerous biomaterials were explored to selectively impair and image ER in cancer cells to induce ER stress. This review outlines those biomaterials which consists of carbon and silicon materials, lipid nanoparticles (liposomes and micelles), supramolecular self‐assembled nanostructures, cell membrane‐coated nanoparticles and metallic nanoparticles. Moreover, we also discuss the challenges and possible solutions of this promising field to usher the readers towards next‐generation ER targeted cancer therapy.