bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
STUDIES ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ALDOSTERONE IN SOLITARY ADENOMA AND IN NODULAR HYPERPLASIA OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN PATIENTS EXHIBITING CONN'S SYNDROME
Authors: Vecsei P. , Purjesz I. , Wolff H. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The pattern of aldosterone biosynthesis in solitary (primary) adrenal cortical adenomata and in nodular adrenal hyperplasia in patients exhibiting Conn's-syndrome was studied by incubation in the presence of 4-14C-progesterone. The production of radioactive aldosterone and 18-hydroxycorticosterone in solitary adenomata was considerably higher than in the surrounding tissue, indicating increased 18-hydroxylase activity. This could be responsible for the hypersecretion of aldosterone in Conn's-syndrome due to primary adenoma. The formation of 14C-aldosterone and 14C-18-OH-corticosterone in adrenal tissue with micro-or macronodular hyperplasia was minimal, indicating an absence of the substrate (corticosterone) specific 18-hydroxylase hyperactivity. The mechanism of the hyperaldosteronism in patients with nodular hyperplastic adrenal, is not clear. Two possibilities are discussed:
hyperfunction of the synthesis in a phase prior to progesterone. hyperactivity of the biosynthesis pathways of aldosterone bypassing progesterone and corticosterone.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF LABELLED TESTOSTERONE IN MICE
Authors: Appelgren Lars-Erik 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Whole body autoradiography of 14C-4-testosterone in mice showed the same distribution pattern as earlier investigations by impulse counting on the accumulation of radioactivity in the liver and kidney and the remarkably low concentration in most male sex organs. One major exception was the high concentration of radioactivity found in the ductus deferens. In the testicle the radioactivity was mainly confined to the interstitial parts and in the adrenal a rather high concentration was registered in the cortex. An accumulation of testosterone and/or its metabolites in the corpora lutea of pregnant mice was observed. The findings of testosterone and/or its metabolites in the testicles, adrenals and ovaries are in agreement with the previously demonstrated abilities of these organs to metabolize testosterone.
TRIIODOTHYRONINE BINDING AFFINITY FOR THYROXINE-BINDING GLOBULIN IN SERUM FROM NORMAL SUBJECTS AND FROM HYPERTHYROID, HYPOTHYROID AND PREGNANT PATIENTS
Authors: Thorson Stephen C. , McIntosh Hamish W. , Willms Mary 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The binding of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) to thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) was quantitated in pooled serum from normal, hyperthyroid, hypothyroid and pregnant subjects. To aliquots of each pool was added a small quantity of 131I-T3 and varying concentrations of unlabelled T3 or thyroxine (T4). Following countercurrent electrophoresis in both barbital and trismaleate buffers at pH 8.6, the concentration of 131I-T3 bound to TBG was calculated and the displacing effect of unlabelled T3 and T4 compared. The displacement of 131I-T3 from TBG was greater with T4 than with T3 when normal, hypothyroid and pregnancy sera were electrophoresed in barbital buffer (which inhibits thyroid-binding prealbumin (TBPA) binding of T4). The same findings are seen when hyperthyroid serum which is deficient in TBPA is electrophoresed in trismaleate buffer (which does not inhibit TBPA binding of T4). The observed data indicate that T4 has a greater binding affinity for TBG than has T3 but only displaces T3 to significant degree when TBG is saturated and when TBPA binding of T4 is reduced or inhibited. TBG binding capacities for T3 have been derived for each of the 4 clinical groups and appear to be less than corresponding binding capacities for T4.
AMINES AND MOUSE THYROID ACTIVITY:
Authors: Melander Arne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) or dopamine (DA) in large doses elicited increased levels of blood 131I and plasma protein-bound 131I in thyroxine-blocked or hypophysectomized but not in normal NMRI mice. The responses were similar to those following small doses of thyrotrophin. l-5-Hydroxytryptophan or l-dihydroxyphenylalanine gave similar responses. This effect was abolished by pretreatment with an aromatic amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor, and the effect of the amines was augmented by pretreatment with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor.
It was concluded that, in the NMRI mouse, large doses of 5-HT or DA stimulate thyroid hormone release, and that this thyroid-stimulating effect is elicited directly within the thyroid gland.
ULTRACENTRIFUGAL PATTERNS OF THE THYROID PROTEINS FROM HUMAN PATHOLOGICAL THYROID GLANDS
Authors: Thomson John A. , Bissett Joyce M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ultracentrifugal pattern of the thyroid proteins from seven 'normal' human thyroid glands, 24 thyrotoxic glands, 28 cases of non-toxic, two cases of Hashimoto's disease, and three of anaplastic carcinoma of the thyroid have been examined. It has been demonstrated in thyrotoxicosis as compared to non-toxic goitre that there is a failure of formation of proteins > 19S. It is suggested that in the thyrotoxic gland there may be some defect in the manufacture of protein > 19S. In Hashimoto's disease an increased quantity of 6S protein was present in both cases studied. An increased quantity of lightweight protein was also found in cases of anaplastic carcinoma.
IN VITRO SYNTHESIS OF STEROIDS BY THE ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE COYPU, MYOCASTOR COYPUS MOLINA
Authors: Callard Ian P. , Leathem James H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adrenal tissue of the coypu, Myocastor coypus was incubated with [4-14C] progesterone as precursor. Following paper and thin-layer chromatography and derivative formation, cortisol was identified as the major product, with lesser quantities of 11-deoxycortisol and 20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one being formed.
RENAL FUNCTION IN HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Authors: Ohlsson Lave 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Clearances of inulin and para-aminohippurate (PAH) were studied before as well as three to nine years (average 5½) after surgery in 35 cases of primary hyperparathyroidism. The preoperative inulin clearance ranged from 18 to 105 (average 67) and the PAH clearance from 61 to 666 (349) ml/min/1.73 m2 BSA. In the follow-up studies clearances of inulin and PAH were, on the whole, well maintained both in subjects with normal as well as in cases showing depressed clearance values before surgery. In fact, a slight but statistically significant increase of inulin clearance was demonstrated in the material as a whole, whereas no significant change occurred in PAH clearance.
The renal concentrating capacity was estimated before and after operation in 22 of the patients. An increase was almost regularly observed postoperatively but the concentrating capacity remained subnormal in almost half of the subjects studied. The changes in the concentrating capacity and clearances of inulin and PAH did not always run parallel.
The renal clearance of phosphate was studied simultaneously with inulin and PAH clearances. Phosphate clearance decreased after surgery concomitantly with an elevation of serum phosphorus. However, restoration to the normal was not always obtained.
Arterial hypertension was present in 40 per cent of the patients before and/or after surgery. Only grade I-II eye ground changes were found. Blood pressure was easily controlled by hypotensive drugs.
A spontaneous disappearance or a decrease in the number of kidney stones was demonstrated radiologically at the follow-up studies in almost half of the patients. In only two subjects were additional kidney stones found. It is concluded that, following surgical treatment of hyperparathyroidism, the long-term outcome regarding renal function may be more favourable than has hitherto been thought.
EFFECT OF CORTISOL ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS
Authors: Göthe Carl-Johan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of cortisol on the weight of the body, lungs and hilar lymph nodes, and its effect on the lymphatic lung clearance was studied in rats killed two and four months respectively after intratracheal (i.t.) injection with 20 mg of fine-particulate quartz. Cortisol was administered via the drinking water, in a dose of about 0.4 mg per animal per day, during two months before the animals were killed.
Cortisol causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes, but does not affect the lung weight. It also retards the translocation rate of quartz particles from the lungs to the hilar lymph nodes when cortisol treatment is started immediately or two months after the i.t. quartz-dust injection. This tends to increase the silica content of the lungs and to decrease it in the hilar lymph nodes. The effect on the hilar lymph-node weight is, however, more pronounced than can be explained by the cortisol-induced reduction of the silica content of these nodes.
There are no definite indications of specific »anti-quartz« or »anti-silicotic« effects of cortisol on the rat lung under the experimental conditions used.
PLASMA GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE TO VASOPRESSIN:
Authors: Quabbe H.-J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Plasma growth hormone (HGH) was determined in 12 normal volunteers during intravenous (iv) infusion of synthetic lysine-8-vasopressin (VP). Eight volunteers received only saline infusions but expected all the possible side effects of VP infusion. Significant increases in HGH occurred more often in females than in males during VP infusion. In the females, there was no apparent correlation between the HGH response and stress. Six patients with endocrinologically inactive intrasellar tumours with suprasellar extension and one patient with a suprasellar meningioma were studied with VP and with hypoglycaemia tests. None of the patients responded to VP infusion with an increase in HGH. Only the meningioma patient responded to hypoglycaemia. One patient did not respond to hypoglycaemia before, but responded after operative removal of the suprasellar part of the tumour. Responses of urinary 17-OHCS in metyrapone tests and of plasma cortisol during VP infusion were positive in several of the patients, demonstrating preservation of blood flow from the stalk median eminence to the anterior pituitary gland and the presence of functional anterior pituitary tissue. The blood sugar increased and immunoreactive insulin levels remained low in all subjects during VP tests. It is concluded, that iv VP offers no reliable test for HGH release at least in male subjects. Stress is not the only determinant of HGH release during iv infusion of VP in females. In males and females VP cannot differentiate pituitary from hypothalamic causes of diminished HGH release.
In some cases of pituitary tumours, pressure of the tumour on the median eminence of the hypothalamus may be the cause of the impaired HGH release in response to provocation tests.
EFFECT OF 6-DEHYDRO-16-METHYLENE-HYDROCORTISONE AND DEXAMETHASONE ON THE RELEASE OF ACTH FROM RAT PITUITARY GLANDS IN VITRO
Authors: Berthold K. , Arimura A. , Schally A. V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Direct action of 6-dehydro-16-methylene-hydrocortisone (STC 407) and dexamethasone on the rat pituitary gland was investigated in vitro. CRF-induced ACTH release was suppressed after preincubation of the pituitary gland with 10 μg STC 407/ml or 1 μg dexamethasone/ml. These results suggest that both STC 407 and dexamethasone act directly on the pituitary gland.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF RADIOACTIVITY IN THE PROSTATE GLAND FOLLOWING THE SINGLE INJECTION OF [1,2-3H]TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Thomas John A. , Smith Carol G. , Mawhinney Michael G. , Knych Edward T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Single injections of [1,2-3H] testosterone (100 μCi/kg) to normal mice revealed substantial amounts of radioactivity in the anterior lobes of the prostate gland. Levels of radioactivity were considerably higher in organs obtained from mice injected by the intraperitoneal route than levels in organs obtained from mice that had received subcutaneous injections.
At five minutes following the injection of tritiated testosterone most of the radioactivity was found in the 1000 × g pellet. Lesser amounts were found in the 100 000 × g supernatant.
Castration caused an increase in the amount of radioactivity found in the prostate gland. However this increased uptake was not observed until at least three days following orchidectomy.
STUDIES ON THE SPECIFICITY OF THE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF LUTEINISING HORMONE
Authors: Buckler J. M. H. , Clayton Barbara E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The cross reaction of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) with antisera raised to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for use in the radioimmunoassay of luteinising hormone (LH) has been found to be influenced by many factors. These include the relative concentration of the hormones, the concentration of antiserum, the length of the assay stages, and the particular preparation of FSH. Antisera do not react identically with HCG and LH. This effect varies from antiserum to antiserum and so does the ability to detect the immunological differences which become apparent between different preparations of FSH and between hormones of urinary and pituitary origin. These findings are of considerable relevance to the assessment of the validity of a radioimmunoassay system.
A MODIFICATION OF THE OAAD TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE FOR CLINICAL PURPOSES
Authors: Mondina R. , Polvani F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modification of the ovarian ascorbic acid depletion (OAAD) assay for the luteinizing hormone (LH) is described in which the standard and the test materials are administered subcutaneously (sc) rather than intravenously (iv) with testicular hyaluronidase as a diffusion factor. The depletion curves for increasing doses of LH administered by either technique are practically identical. The slope of the log dose response curve and the index of precision of the modified method are satisfactory. The method has been applied to the assay of crude urinary extracts obtained by the Johnsen procedure (Johnsen 1958) and the values obtained for the urinary excretion of LH in different physiological states are presented.
THE SHORT-TERM EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON ERYTHROPOIESIS IN FASTED MICE
Authors: Pospíšil M. , Ptáček Vl. , Zakopalová I. , Koláčný I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The short-term effect of adrenalectomy on erythropoiesis in fasted mice was investigated. Two days of fasting decreased the radioiron uptake in the spleen and blood, but not in the bone marrow. Adrenalectomy performed immediately before the beginning of fasting counteracted the effect of fasting on splenic erythropoiesis. This effect was manifested in the untreated adrenalectomized mice by an increased haemoconcentration and a lowered respiratory metabolism, as well as in the adrenalectomized mice treated with DOCA in doses which maintain the water and respiratory metabolism at the level of sham adrenalectomized mice, and in adrenalectomized mice treated with higher doses of DOCA inducing haemodilution. No modification of radioiron uptake in the bone marrow by adrenalectomy was observed. The increased radioiron uptake in the spleen of fasted adrenalectomized mice was not followed by an increased radioiron uptake in the blood. There was even evidence of a decreased clearance of the radioiron from the erythropoietic organs.
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE PINEAL GLAND IN ANDROGEN-STERILIZED FEMALE RATS
Authors: Reiter Russel J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of early androgen treatment, light deprivation (by blinding), pinealectomy and superior cervical ganglionectomy on the reproductive system of female rats was tested. Early postnatal treatment of rats with testosterone propionate caused adult rats to exhibit the characteristic signs of androgen sterilization; these included polyfollicular ovaries, normal-sized uteri and persistent vaginal cornification. If early androgentreated rats also were blinded the ovaries were smaller in size and contained fewer follicles, the uteri were greatly reduced in size and the incidence of vaginal oestrus was decreased by approximately 50% If in addition to blinding, androgen-sterilized animals were subjected to either removal of the pineal gland or superior cervical ganglia, the reproductive organs and the vaginal smears were indistinguishable from those of testosterone-treated rats with eyes. These data indicate that the inhibitory influence of blinding on the pituitary-ovarian axis was mediated through the sympathetic nervous system and the pineal gland. The restraining influence of light deprivation on the growth of the reproductive organs was not permanent as illustrated by the fact that if these animals were kept to 120 days of age the ovaries and uteri grew to the same level as those of pinealectomized control rats.
STUDIES ON A MONKEY PLACENTAL PROTEIN WITH IMMUNOCHEMICAL SIMILARITY TO HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE AND HUMAN CHORIONIC SOMATOMAMMOTROPHIN
Authors: Grant David B. , Kaplan Selna L. , Grumbach Melvin M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The properties of a monkey placental protein (monkey chorionic somatomammotrophin; MCS) which reacts with antisera directed against human growth hormone (HGH) and human chorionic somatomammotrophin (HCS) have been studied. Following application of monkey placental extracts to Sephadex G-100 and elution with 0.1 m NH4HCO3, two peaks of MCS, with molecular weights of approximately 25 000 and 50 000 were obtained. The electrophoretic mobility of MCS in acrylamide at pH 8.2–8.4 was similar to but less anodal than that of HGH or HCS. The results of immunoelectrophoretic and Ouchterlony double-diffusion studies indicated that MCS is physicochemically and immunochemically distinguishable from HGH and HCS. When tested in a radioimmunoassay for HGH, MCS gave dilution curves intermediate between those for HGH and HCS. In contrast, MCS and HGH gave similar curves in a radioimmunoassay for HCS. MCS, HCS and HGH had very similar effects on the reactions between 131I-HGH and anti-HCS or 131I-HCS and anti-HGH serum.
Radioimmunoassay systems for HCS were unsuitable for estimating MCS; however, the above mentioned hybrid assay systems provide a means for approximate quantitation of MCS.
THE DEPENDENCE OF URINARY CALCIUM AND OTHER ELECTROLYTES ON ADRENAL FUNCTION DURING ACUTE SODIUM DEPLETION AND LOADING
Authors: Runeberg Lars , Lamberg B.-A. , Reissell P. , Adlercreutz H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The time course of the renal excretion of calcium, magnesium, sodium, and potassium during sodium depletion and the rapid correction of the extracellular volume deficit was studied in normal subjects and in patients with Addison's disease (AD). The decrease in body weight was similar in the two groups, but the haematocrit value increased more in the patients with AD.
Sodium depletion suppressed sodium excretion much more efficiently in normal controls than in the AD patients. Calcium excretion was roughly equally depressed in two groups. During sodium loading there was an immediate increase in renal sodium excretion in the patients with AD, whereas the sodium-retaining state generally continued for about one day in the normal controls. Urinary potassium decreased gradually during the first day of sodium loading in the normal controls but not in the AD patients. In the normal subjects calcium excretion remained low during the first day and increased on the second day of sodium loading. In the AD patients there was a gradual increase in urinary calcium during the first day of sodium loading, which did not, however, parallel the changes in urinary sodium content in individual urine samples. Urinary magnesium did not change significantly.
It is concluded that the effect of adrenal steroids on renal calcium excretion is of minor importance. They may, however, to some extent induce calcium retention.
SOLID-PHASE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF INSULIN
Authors: Ceska M. , Grossmüller F. , Lundkvist U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A solid-phase radioimmunoassay of insulin was developed using the plastic tube technique in which the inner walls of the tubes were coated with insulin antibodies. The binding of 125I-insulin to the adsorbed antibody was shown to be quantitatively inhibited with the non-radioactive insulin present in the samples tested.
The optimal conditions were determined for a) labelling of small amounts (3 μg) of insulin with radioactive iodine, b) coating of plastic tubes with insulin antisera and γ-globulin fractions, c) the stability of coated tubes with insulin antibodies and d) radioimmunoassay of insulin. The reproducibility of the coated test tube technique for insulin determination is adequate from a clinical point of view and the ease with which this test is performed is advantageous from a practical point of view.
TREATMENT OF TOXIC NODULAR AND DIFFUSE GOITRE WITH RADIOACTIVE IODINE
Authors: Viherkoski M. , Lamberg B.-A. , Hernberg C. A. , Niemi E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The results of treatment of hyperthyroidism with radioiodine were evaluated in a series of 387 patients treated between 1959 and 1963. The observation time was 8 years. The 1st year incidence of hypothyroidism was 14.5%. There was a distinct difference between patients with toxic nodular and toxic diffuse goitre: 11.8% in the former and 25.6% in the latter. Among all patients 77% had nodular goitre. After the first year the yearly increment of hypothyroidism was 1-2%. 14% of the patients were pretreated with antithyroid agents. In those not so treated, severe post-treatment reactions occurred in 4% of the cases: a few patients developed an impending crisis and one patient succumbed in a thyroid crisis. The importance of this type of pre-treatment in severely ill patients or in patients with complicating conditions is stressed. In the pretreated group of patients, the incidence of hypothyroidism was smaller than in patients not treated in this way and the patients more commonly required more than one treatment dose. The percentage of severe reactions was much smaller in the 1959-1963 series of patients than in our first series, probably because of this pre-treatment. The administration of antithyroid drugs for only a few weeks after the radioiodine dose did not influence the results.
TENSILE STRENGTH OF SKIN WOUNDS IN RATS AFTER TREATMENT WITH CORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Vogel H. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The tensile strength of skin wounds has been studied in rats at different times after operation. Cortisol acetate (5 or 50 mg/kg) or prednisolone acetate (1 or 10 mg/kg) were injected daily subcutaneously. According to the dose and potency of the corticosteroid given, the wound tensile strength was found to be decreased between the 3rd and 9th day. This effect was most pronounced on the 6th day. On the 12th day and even more distinctly on the 20th day after operation, a reversal of this effect could be observed. Low doses of glucocorticoids resulted in an increase in wound tensile strength, whereas high doses, already toxic after prolonged administration, still caused a decrease. If treatment was started at the end of the collagen phase (11th day), only an increase in wound tensile strength was seen, regardless of the dose of glucocorticoid administered. Short-term treatment during the scar phase (day 19 to 20) resulted in an increase in wound tensile strength which correlated with the dose and potency of the glucocorticoid given. It is therefore concluded that scar tissue of wounded skin reacts like normal connective tissue as far as the increase in tensile strength induced by glucocorticoids is concerned.