bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild mouse lemurs revisit artificial feeding platforms: implications for field experiments on sensory and cognitive abilities in small primates
Authors: Joly Marine , Scheumann Marina , Zimmermann Elke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDealing effectively with space to find important resources in a natural environment is a fundamental ability necessary for survival. Evidence has already been provided that wild gray mouse lemurs revisit stationary feeding sites regularly. In this study, we explore to what extent two sympatric mouse lemur species, Microcebus murinus and M. ravelobensis, revisited artificial feeding sites during a period of food scarcity. As the tested populations are marked with individual transponders, we built up artificial feeding platforms equipped with a transponder reader at nine different locations where mouse lemurs had been previously caught. We baited them with a liquid reward and recorded the visitors' ID, the time and frequency of their visits, as well as all encounters that occurred on the platforms. Only mouse lemurs visited platforms and a total of sixteen individuals across both species were identified. Mouse lemurs visited a platform with a frequency of 2.02 (±0.95, range: 1–3.4) times in a night and they revisited it on several consecutive nights following their first visit (percentage of revisits 90.6%±11.7, range: 73.3–100%). First visits on a platform occurred on average 44 min (±35; range: 13–131) after sunset. We identified encounters between mouse lemurs on platforms: all of them were agonistic and within a species. Within a dyad, chasers were significantly heavier than chasees (N=7 dyads). Our design of platform experiments offers the advantage of observing wild individually known small primates in their natural environment and of setting up controlled experiments to gain insight into their sensory and cognitive abilities. Am. J. Primatol. 70:892–896, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymorphic microsatellite loci for the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) designed using a cost‐ and time‐efficient method
Authors: Raveendran M. , Tardif S. , Ross C.N. , Austad S.N. , Harris R.A. , Milosavljevic A. , Rogers J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe describe a cost‐ and time‐efficient method for designing new microsatellite markers in any species with substantial genomic DNA sequence data available. Using this technique, we report 14 new polymorphic dinucleotide microsatellite loci isolated from the common marmoset. The relative yield of new polymorphisms was higher with less labor than described in previous marmoset studies. Of 20 loci initially evaluated, 14 were polymorphic and amplified reliably (70% success rate). The number of alleles ranged from 3 to 9 with heterozygosity varying from 0.48 to 0.83. Am. J. Primatol. 70:906–910, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kinetic analysis and modeling of the liquid–liquid conversion of emulsified di‐rhamnolipids by Naringinase from Penicillium decumbens
Authors: Magario I. , Vielhauer O. , Neumann A. , Hausmann R. , Syldatk C. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe enzymatic conversion of an aggregate‐forming substrate was kinetically analyzed and a model was applied for the prediction of reaction‐time courses. An L‐rhamnose molecule from a di‐rhamnolipid is cleaved by Naringinase from Penicillium decumbens leading to a mono‐rhamnolipid. Optimal reaction rates were found when both, substrate and product build large co‐aggregates in a slightly acidic aqueous phase. On the other hand, reaction rates were independent of initial di‐rhamnolipid concentration and this was interpreted by assuming that the reaction occurs in the aqueous phase according to Michaelis–Menten kinetics in combination with competitive L‐rhamnose inhibition. Rhamnolipids were therefore assumed to be highly concentrated in aggregates, a second liquid phase, whereas diffusive rhamnolipid transport from and to the aqueous phase occurs due to the enzymatic reaction. Furthermore, ideal surfactant mixing between di‐ and mono‐rhamnolipid was assumed for interpretation of the negative effect of the last on the reaction rate. A model was created that describes the system accordingly. The comparison of the experimental data, were in excellent agreement with the predicted values. The findings of this study may beneficially be adapted for any bioconversion involving aggregate‐forming substrate and/or product being catalyzed by hydrophilic enzymes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 9–19. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of Substituted Benzenes and Phenols by Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis
Authors: Yoshida Kazuhiro , Takahashi Hidetoshi , Imamoto Tsuneo 
Published: July 2008

AbstractNew synthetic approaches to substituted aromatic compounds are reported. Ring‐closing olefin metathesis (RCM)/dehydration and RCM/tautomerization are the key processes in the synthesis of substituted benzenes 3 and phenols 6, respectively. Readily accessible 1,5,7‐trien‐4‐ols 7, which are the precursors of benzenes, were prepared from β‐halo‐α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes 11 or β‐halo‐α,β‐unsaturated esters 19 by utilizing reliable transformations in which cross‐coupling with vinylic metal reagents 12 and allylation with allylic metal reagents 13 were employed as carbon–carbon bond forming reactions. RCM of 7, followed by dehydration, afforded a wide variety of substituted benzenes 3. In addition, RCM of 1,5,7‐trien‐4‐ones 9, which were prepared by oxidation of 7, furnished various substituted phenols 6 by automatic tautomerization.
Lanthanum Nitride Endohedral Fullerenes La3N@C2n (43≤n≤55): Preferential Formation of La3N@C96
Authors: Chaur Manuel N. , Melin Frederic , Ashby Jarryd , Elliott Bevan , Kumbhar Amar , Rao Apparao M. , Echegoyen Luis 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWhile the trimetallic nitrides of Sc, Y and the lanthanides between Gd and Lu preferentially template C80 cages, M3N@C80, and while those of Ce, Pr and Nd preferentially template the C88 cage, M3N@C88, we show herein that the largest metallic nitride cluster, La3N, preferentially leads to the formation of La3N@C96 and to a lesser extent the La3N@C88. This is the first time that La3N is successfully encapsulated inside fullerene cages. La3N@C2n metallofullerenes were synthesized by arcing packed graphite rods in a modified Krätschmer–Huffman arc reactor, extracted from the collected soot and identified by mass spectroscopy. They were isolated and purified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Different arcing conditions were studied to maximize fullerene production, and results showed that yields have a high La2O3/C dependence. Relatively high yields were obtained when a 1:5 ratio was used. Three main fractions, La3N@C88, La3N@C92, and La3N@C96, were characterized by UV/Vis‐NIR and cyclic voltammetry. Unlike other trimetallic nitride metallofullerenes of the same carbon cage size, La3N@C88 exhibits a higher HOMO–LUMO gap and irreversible reduction and oxidation steps.
Propagation delay of an RC‐circuit with a ramp input: An analytical very accurate and simple model
Authors: Mita Rosario , Palumbo Gaetano 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this letter, one of the models reported in Mita et al. (IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst.—II: Express Briefs 2007; 54(1):66–70) for estimating the propagation delay of an RC‐chain with a linear input is revised and improved. The extended model, while maintaining the same simplicity, has a reduced error which is six times lower than the original model, being always as low as 1%. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Across array comparative genomic hybridization: A strategy to reduce reference channel hybridizations
Authors: Buffart Tineke E. , Israeli Daniëlle , Tijssen Marianne , Vosse Sjoerd J. , Mršić Alan , Meijer Gerrit A. , Ylstra Bauke 
Published: July 2008

AbstractArray comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) is widely used for studying chromosomal copy number aberrations (CNAs) on a genome‐wide and high‐resolution scale in heritable disorders and cancers. The aim of this study was to test if the separate channels of dual channel arrays can be interchanged (across array) to either make array CGH more sensitive and cost effective and/or to generate profiles of CNAs and copy number variations (CNVs). Therefore the BT474 breast cancer cell line was compared with a mix of normal reference DNAs hybridized on different arrays and days and DNA copy number profiles were evaluated. Quality was assessed, using regular dual channel array CGH as a standard, using four quality measures, i.e., the median absolute deviation value of chromosome 2, the amplitude of the ERBB2 gene amplification, a deletion on chromosome 9, and the deflection on chromosome 8. The quality of the across array CGH profiles matched or even surpassed the quality of regular dual channel array CGH. In addition, this across array approach was tested for genomic DNA derived from formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tumors tissue samples, resulting in high‐quality copy number profiles, comparable to regular dual channel arrays. Finally, we demonstrated this approach to obtain both CNA and CNV profiles. In summary, across array CGH avoids redundant hybridizations of the same reference material in every experiment either allowing hybridization of two test samples on one array or producing both CNA and CNV profiles simultaneously. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amphibolite and blueschist–greenschist facies metamorphism, Blue Mountain inlier, eastern Jamaica
Authors: Abbott Richard N. , Bandy Betsy R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCretaceous (possibly older) metamorphic rock occurs mainly in the Blue Mountain inlier in eastern Jamaica. Fault‐bounded blocks reveal two styles of metamorphism, Westphalia Schist (upper amphibolite facies) and Mt. Hibernia Schist (blueschist (BS)–greenschist (GS) facies). Both Westphalia Schist and Mt. Hibernia Schist preserve detailed records of retrogradeP–Tpaths. The paths are independent, but consistent with different parts of the type‐Sanbagawa metamorphic facies series in Japan. For each path, phase relationships and estimatedP–Tconditions support a two‐stageP–Thistory involving residence at depth, followed by rapid uplift and cooling. Conditions of residence vary depending on the level in a tectonic block. For the critical mineral reaction (isograd) in Westphalia Schist, conditions wereP∼7.5 kbars,T∼600°C (upper amphibolite facies). Retrograde conditions in Hibernia Schist wereP = 2.6–3.0 kbars,T = 219–237°C for a(H2O) = 0.8–1.0 (GS facies). Mt. Hibernia Schist may represent a volume of rock that was separated and uplifted at an early time from an otherwise protractedP–Tpath of the sort that produced the Westphalia Schist. Reset K–Ar ages for hornblende and biotite indicate only that retrograde metamorphism of Westphalia Schist took place prior to 76.5 Ma (pre‐Campanian). Uplift may have commenced with an Albian–Aptian (∼112 Ma) orogenic event. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proteomic profiling reveals the prognostic value of adenomatous polyposis coli–end-binding protein 1 in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Orimo Tatsuya , Ojima Hidenori , Hiraoka Nobuyoshi , Saito Shigeru , Kosuge Tomoo , Kakisaka Tatsuhiko , Yokoo Hideki , Nakanishi Kazuaki , Kamiyama Toshiya , Todo Satoru , Hirohashi Setsuo , Kondo Tadashi 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Histological differentiation is a major pathological parameter associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the molecular signature underlying HCC differentiation may involve key proteins potentially affecting the malignant characters of HCC. To develop prognostic biomarkers for HCC, we examined the global protein expression profiles of 45 surgically resected tissues, including 27 HCCs with different degree of histological differentiation, 11 adjacent nontumor tissues, and seven normal liver tissues. Unsupervised classification grouped the 45 samples according to their histological classification based on the protein expression profiles created by laser microdissection and two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). Statistical analysis and mass spectrometry identified 26 proteins with differential expression, of which 14 were functionally linked to c-Myc, AP-1, HIF1A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha, or the Ras superfamily (RhoA, CDC42, and Rac1). Among the proteins identified, we focused on APC-binding protein EB1 (EB1) because it was dominantly expressed in poorly differentiated HCCs, which generally correlate with the poor prognosis in patients with HCC. In addition, EB1 is controlled by c-Myc, RhoA, and CDC42, which have all been linked to HCC malignancy. Immunohistochemistry in a further 145 HCC cases revealed that EB1 significantly correlated with the degree of histological differentiation (

P

< 0.001), and univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that EB1 is an independent prognostic factor for recurrence (hazard ratio, 2.740; 95% confidence interval, 1.771–4.239;

P

< 0.001) and survival (hazard ratio, 2.256; 95% confidence interval, 1.337–3.807;

P

= 0.002) of patients with HCC after curative surgery.

Conclusion

: Proteomic profiling revealed the molecular signature behind the progression of HCC, and the prognostic value of EB1 in HCC. (Hepatology 2008;48:1851-1863.)
Genotype-dependent sensitivity of hepatitis C virus to inhibitors of the p7 ion channel
Authors: Griffin Stephen , StGelais Corine , Owsianka Ania M. , Patel Arvind H. , Rowlands David , Harris Mark 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) p7 protein plays a critical role during particle formation in cell culture and is required for virus replication in chimpanzees. The discovery that it displayed cation channel activity

in vitro

led to its classification within the “viroporin” family of virus-coded ion channel proteins, which includes the influenza A virus (IAV) M2 protein. Like M2, p7 was proposed as a potential target for much needed new HCV therapies, and this was supported by our finding that the M2 inhibitor, amantadine, blocked its activity

in vitro

. Since then, further compounds have been shown to inhibit p7 function but the relationship between inhibitory effects

in vitro

and efficacy against infectious virus is controversial. Here, we have sought to validate multiple p7 inhibitor compounds using a parallel approach combining the HCV infectious culture system and a rapid throughput

in vitro

assay for p7 function. We identify a genotype-dependent and subtype-dependent sensitivity of HCV to p7 inhibitors, in which results in cell culture largely mirror the sensitivity of recombinant protein

in vitro

; thus building separate sensitivity profiles for different p7 sequences. Inhibition of virus entry also occurred, suggesting that p7 may be a virion component. Second site effects on both cellular and viral processes were identified for several compounds in addition to their efficacy against p7

in vitro

. Nevertheless, for some compounds antiviral effects were specific to a block of ion channel function.

Conclusion:

These data validate p7 inhibitors as prototype therapies for chronic HCV disease. (Hepatology 2008;48:1779-1790.)
Groundwater and soil salinity variations in a canal command area in Pakistan
Authors: Latif Muhammad , Ahmad Muhammad Zakria 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis three‐year study was undertaken to investigate the groundwater and soil salinity variation in a canal‐irrigated area. Water and soil samples were collected along 54 tertiary canals located on six secondary canals (two each at head, middle and tail end) of a main canal. Data of crop yield and income of the farmers were also collected. The results show that electrical conductivity (EC) of groundwater increased from head to lower reaches along all the irrigation channels, i.e. main, the secondary and the tertiary canals. Similarly, the soil water ECe also increased with increased distance from the head of the irrigation system. Reduced canal water supply at lower reaches of the irrigation system forced the downstream water users to pump more groundwater, thereby increasing their irrigation cost. The deteriorating groundwater quality further adds misery to the downstream farmers by degrading productivity of their lands caused by excessive use of saline groundwater. Location of the water users along the canal irrigation system had an impact on their crop yield as well as income and these parameters decreased with increased distance from the head of the irrigation channels. For example, the net income of the tail‐end farmers varied from 43% to 59% of the head‐end farmers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A perfect one‐factorization of K52
Authors: Wolfe Adam J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA starter derived even starter that induces a perfect one‐factorization of K52 is presented. This is the smallest order for which a perfect one‐factorization was not previously known and is the first new “small” order for which a perfect one‐factorization has been found in nearly 20 years. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 190–196, 2009
Line spreads of PG(5, 2)
Authors: Mateva Zlatka T. , Topalova Svetlana T. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAll line spreads of PG(5, 2) are constructed and classified up to equivalence by exhaustive generation considering the specific properties of the automorphism group, and the participation of the spread lines in the subspaces of dimension 3. There are 131,044 inequivalent spreads. The orders of the automorphism groups preserving the spreads, and the 2‐ranks of the related by Rahilly's construction affine 2‐(64,16,5) designs are also computed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 17: 90–102, 2009
Regular bipartite graphs are antimagic
Authors: Cranston Daniel W. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA labeling of a graph G is a bijection from E(G) to the set {1, 2,… |E(G)|}. A labeling is antimagic if for any distinct vertices u and v, the sum of the labels on edges incident to u is different from the sum of the labels on edges incident to v. We say a graph is antimagic if it has an antimagic labeling. In 1990, Hartsfield and Ringel conjectured that every connected graph other than K2 is antimagic. In this article, we show that every regular bipartite graph (with degree at least 2) is antimagic. Our technique relies heavily on the Marriage Theorem. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 173–182, 2009
Polyamide 6 Filled with Melamine Cyanurate and Layered Silicates: Evaluation of Flame Retardancy and Physical Properties
Authors: Kiliaris Pantelis , Papaspyrides Constantine D. , Pfaendner Rudolf 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe efficiency of melamine cyanurate and a clay filler for improving the flame retardancy and other physical properties of polyamide 6 was examined. Partially intercalated‐exfoliated morphologies were obtained. Nanocomposites suffered from polymer degradation during compounding, while the molecular weight was enhanced in the case of the flame retarded samples. Silicates were shown to restrain crystallization, whereas melamine cyanurate induced heterogeneous nucleation. Both additives positively influenced the tensile modulus of the prepared samples, decreasing their ability to elongate. With respect to the UL94 flammability test, melamine cyanurate was proved to be not sufficiently capable of increasing the tendency of nanocomposites to drip, negatively affecting flammability.magnified image
Synthesis and characterization of polyaniline derivative and silver nanoparticle composites
Authors: Neelgund Gururaj M , Hrehorova Erika , Joyce Margaret , Bliznyuk Valery 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: There has been a recent surge of interest in the synthesis and applications of electroactive polymers with incorporated metal nanoparticles. These hybrid systems are expected to display synergistic properties between the conjugated polymers and the metal nanoparticles, making them potential candidates for applications in sensors and electronic devices.RESULTS: Composites of polyaniline derivatives—polyaniline, poly(2,5‐dimethoxyaniline) and poly(aniline‐2,5‐dimethoxyaniline)—and silver nanoparticles were prepared through simultaneous polymerization of aniline derivative and reduction of AgNO3 in the presence of poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PSS). We used AgNO3 as one of the initial components (1) to form the silver nanoparticles and (2) as an oxidizing agent for initiation of the polymerization reaction. UV‐visible spectra of the synthesized nanocomposites reveal the synchronized formation of silver nanoparticles and polymer matrix. The morphology of the silver nanoparticles and degree of their dispersion in the nanocomposites were characterized by transmission electron microscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry results indicate an enhancement of the thermal stability of the nanocomposites compared to the pure polymers. The electrical conductivity of the nanocomposites is in the range 10−4 to 10−2 S cm−1.CONCLUSION: A single‐step process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticle–polyaniline derivative nanocomposites doped with PSS has been demonstrated. The approach in which silver nanoparticles are formed simultaneously during the polymerization process results in a good dispersion of the nanoparticles in the conductive polymer matrix. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of catalyst partitioning in Co(II) mediated catalytic chain transfer miniemulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate
Authors: Smeets Niels M. B. , Heuts Johan P. A. , Meuldijk Jan , van Herk Alex. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of catalyst partitioning over the organic and water phases in the catalytic chain transfer mediated miniemulsion polymerization was investigated and a mathematical model developed to describe the instantaneous degree of polymerization of the formed polymer. Experimental and predicted instantaneous degrees of polymerization prove to be in excellent agreement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5839–5849, 2008
Improvement of thermal stability of sulfonated polyphosphazenes by introducing a self‐crosslinkable group
Authors: Song Hyeoncheol , Lee Seung Cheol , Heo Hye Young , Kim Dong Il , Lee Dong‐Hwal , Lee Ju Ho , Chang Ji Young 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe prepared sulfonated polyphosphazenes having various aryloxy substituents, and studied their thermal stabilities and membrane properties. Sulfonated polyphosphazenes were synthesized by the reaction of polydichlorophosphazene with sodium aryloxides and subsequent sulfonation with fuming sulfuric acid. With increasing the degree of sulfonation, the polymers showed higher proton conductivity, but suffered more from swelling in an aqueous solution. We introduced a hydroxymethylphenoxy group onto the phosphazene backbone as a self‐crosslinkable group by reaction of poly(dichlorophosphazene) and a sodium salt of 4‐hydroxymethylphenol. When a film of a sulfonated polymer having a methylol group was heated at 80 °C under vacuum for 1 h, it became insoluble in NMP, indicating the formation of a network structure. We investigated the crosslinking reaction of the polymers by DSC and FTIR. The crosslinking reaction proceeded only in the sulfonated polymers. Because the sulfonated polymers provide acidic protons, the methylol groups became more electrophilic and reacted with neighboring aromatic rings. A condensation reaction between themselves could also occur. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5850–5858, 2008