bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metabotropic glutamate receptor genetic variants and peripheral receptor expression affects trait scores of autistic probands
Authors: Dutta Nilanjana , Chatterjee Mahasweta , Saha Sharmistha , Sinha Swagata , Mukhopadhyay Kanchan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlutamate (Glu) is important for memory and learning. Hence, Glu imbalance is speculated to affect autism spectrum disorder (ASD) pathophysiology. The action of Glu is mediated through receptors and we analyzed four metabotropic Glu receptors (mGluR/GRM) in Indo-Caucasoid families with ASD probands and controls. The trait scores of the ASD probands were assessed using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale2-ST. Peripheral blood was collected, genomic DNA isolated, and GRM5 rs905646, GRM6 rs762724 & rs2067011, and GRM7 rs3792452 were analyzed by PCR/RFLP or Taqman assay. Expression of mGluRs was measured in the peripheral blood by qPCR. Significantly higher frequencies of rs2067011 ‘A’ allele/ AA’ genotype were detected in the probands. rs905646 ‘A ‘exhibited significantly higher parental transmission. Genetic variants showed independent as well as interactive effects in the probands. Receptor expression was down-regulated in the probands, especially in the presence of rs905646 ‘AA’, rs762724 ‘TT’, rs2067011 ‘GG’, and rs3792452 ‘CC’. Trait scores were higher in the presence of rs762724 ‘T’ and rs2067011 ‘G’. Therefore, in the presence of risk genetic variants, down-regulated mGluR expression may increase autistic trait scores. Since our investigation was confined to the peripheral system, in-depth exploration involving peripheral as well as central nervous systems may validate our observation.
Effect of l-arabinose and lactulose combined with Lactobacillus plantarum on obesity induced by a high-fat diet in mice
Authors: Wang Qiong , Xiong Jialu , He Yalun , He Juncheng , Cai Miaomiao , Luo Zexian , Zhang Tongcun , Zhou Xiang 
Published: April 2024

The combination of l-arabinose, lactulose, and Lactobacillus plantarum produced anti-obesity effect through ameliorating the glucolipid metabolism, enhancing the intestinal barrier, as well as regulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs.
Das Schlafverhalten von Jugendlichen in unterschiedlichen ländlichen Wohnumgebungen
Authors: Ordnung Madeleine , Genuneit Jon 
Published: April 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIm Jugendalter steigt die Prävalenz von Schlafschwierigkeiten an. Verschiedene Faktoren der Wohnumgebung können den Schlaf beeinflussen. Bisher ist jedoch unklar, ob sich der Schlaf von Jugendlichen unterschiedlicher ländlicher Wohnumgebungen unterscheidet.Untersucht wurden daher die Schlafdauer und -qualität im Frühling (n = 926) und Herbst 2016 (n = 867) von Jugendlichen unterschiedlicher ländlicher Wohnumgebungen (Farm, Exposed, Non-Farm). Unterschiede von Schlaf für Wohnumgebung und Geschlecht wurden mittels einfaktoriellen Varianzanalysen sowie multiplen Regressionen eruiert.Signifikante Unterschiede wurden für die Schlafqualität bei weiblichen auf einem Bauernhof aufgewachsenen Jugendlichen verglichen mit weiblichen Jugendlichen ohne Kontakt zu Bauernhöfen im Frühling gefunden. Bei der Schlafqualität, aber nicht Schlafdauer, zeigte sich ein signifikanter Geschlechtsunterschied in allen Wohnumgebungen, welcher sich für Bauernhof-Jugendliche adjustiert verminderte.Es wurden keine eindeutigen Unterschiede im Schlaf Jugendlicher unterschiedlicher ländlicher Wohnumgebungen gefunden. Zukünftige bestenfalls longitudinale Studien sollten insbesondere saisonale Unterschiede sowie weitere potenzielle Störvariablen untersuchen.
Was ich als Kinderarzt zu schlafbezogenen Atmungsstörungen wissen muss
Authors: Seebauer Ludwig , Kerzel Sebastian 
Published: April 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSchlafbezogene Atemstörungen gehören zu den häufigen Krankheitsbildern im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Der größte Vertreter dieser Gruppe ist das kindliche obstruktive Schlafapnoesyndrom (OSAS), bei dem es zu einem Kollaps der oberen Atemwege mit konsekutiver Hypopnoe oder Apnoe kommt. Die Symptome können ein ADHS-ähnliches Bild aufweisen, weswegen vor Diagnosestellung unbedingt auch eine eventuell bestehende Schlafstörung exploriert werden sollte. Bei eindeutiger Anamnese und körperlichem Untersuchungsbefund können primär eine HNO-ärztliche Vorstellung und ggf. ein Therapieversuch (konservativ oder operativ) erfolgen. Für komplexere oder unklare Fälle bleibt die Untersuchung im Schlaflabor der Goldstandard. Bei der Auswertung der Ereignisse wird zwischen Hypopnoe, obstruktiver Apnoe und zentraler Apnoe unterschieden. Aufgrund der zeit- und personalaufwändigen Untersuchung, ist es richtig, die Indikation zur Schlaflaboruntersuchung präzise zu stellen, jedoch liefert oftmals nur die Polysomnografie die Informationen, um die Fragestellung umfänglich zu beantworten oder ggf. eine Beatmungseinstellung vornehmen zu können.
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Occupational Voice Disorders in Nepalese Teachers: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Pokharel Apar , Basnet Puspa , Sharma Bibek , Upadhyay Hari Prasad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Teachers are a high-risk group for the development of vocal dysfunction, as they use voice extensively in their profession.
Objective To know the prevalence and risk factors associated with voice strain in teachers.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among schoolteachers in Chitwan, Nepal. The Voice Handicap Index questionnaire was used as a survey tool.
Result A total of 315 teachers were enrolled in the study. The mean age of the participants was of 36.7 years. Teachers from public schools, primary grade classes, > 50 pupils in the classroom, > 24 hours of classes per week, dust in class, and recurrent tonsil problems were associated with various degrees of vocal handicap.
Conclusion There is a high prevalence of voice disorder among teachers. A holistic approach, which includes teacher education regarding voice care during their work and management of their voice handicap by taking into consideration different risk factors, must be adopted.
A Clinicopathological Study of Aural Polyps: A Retrospective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Prasad Kothegala Chandrashekaraiah , Indu Varsha Gopinath , Mohammadi Kouser , Gupta Arjun , Jose Diana Ann 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Aural polyps are a misnomer. Any lesion can present as a mass in the external auditory canal. Aural polyps are proliferation of the granulation tissue due to long standing inflammatory process with associated otalgia and otorrhea.
Objectives To document the clinicoradiological presentations, intraoperative findings, and histopathological diagnosis of aural polyp, correlating them.
Methods In our study 81 patients underwent treatment for aural polyps in the department of Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) from April 1997 to April 2022. Results were tabulated, a simple descriptive analysis was done using the Statistical Package Social Sciences software, and the results obtained were represented as percentages and presented in tables.
Results The majority (38) of the patients presenting with aural polyps were diagnosed with mucosal and squamous type of CSOM, and 22 with simple granulation polyps. There were also 5 patients with malignant otitis externa, 3 patients had glomus tumors, 2 patients with retained foreign bodies, and 3 patients with brain herniation. We also identified aberrant internal carotid artery, high jugular bulb, one patient had facial nerve neuroma, one patient had polyp from the tragus diagnosed with tuberculosis, one patient with keratosis obturans, and one with exostosis.
Conclusion A thorough detailed examination and mastoid exploration with radiological and histopathological evaluation is mandatory for better defining the definitive treatment. Utmost care and meticulousness are advised for the surgeons while dealing with aural polyps to avoid any complications.
Rehabilitation Surgery for Peripheral Facial Nerve Injury after Facial Trauma
Authors: Lam An Quang , Tran Thuy Phan Chung , Tran Duong Van , Tran Hiep Xuan , Fox Albert J. , Tran Luan Viet 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction Facial trauma can cause damage to the facial nerve, which can have negative effects on function, aesthetics, and quality of life if left untreated.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of peripheral facial nerve direct end-to-end anastomosis and/or nerve grafting surgery for patients with facial nerve injury after facial trauma.
Methods Fifty-nine patients with peripheral facial nerve paralysis after facial injuries underwent facial nerve rehabilitation surgery from November 2017 to December 2021 at Ho Chi Minh City National Hospital of Odontology.
Results All 59 cases of facial trauma with damage to the peripheral facial nerve underwent facial nerve reconstruction surgery within 8 weeks of the injury. Of these cases, 25/59 (42.3%) had end-to-end anastomosis, 22/59 (37.3%) had nerve grafting, and 12/59 (20.4%) had a combination of nerve grafting and end-to-end anastomosis. After surgery, the rates of moderate and good recovery were 78.4% and 11.8%, respectively. All facial paralysis measurements showed statistically significant improvement after surgery, including the Facial Nerve Grading Scale 2.0 (FNGS 2.0) score, the Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) scale, and electroneurography. The rate of synkinesis after surgery was 34%. Patient follow-up postoperatively ranged from 6 to > 36 months; 51 out of 59 patients (86.4%) were followed-up for at least 12 months or longer.
Conclusion Nerve rehabilitation surgery including direct end-to-end anastomosis and nerve grafting is effective in cases of peripheral facial nerve injury following facial trauma. The surgery helps restore nerve conduction and improve facial paralysis.
Epidemiology, Etiology, and Pathophysiology of Pulmonary Embolism
Authors: Glazier Catherine R. , Baciewicz Frank A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the last 20 years, there has been a progressive increase in the incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosis in the United States, Europe, and Australia. Increased use of computed tomography pulmonary angiography has likely contributed in part to this rising incidence. However, it is pertinent to note that the burden of comorbidities associated with PE, such as malignancy, obesity, and advanced age, has also increased over the past 20 years. Time-trend analysis in North American, European, and Asian populations suggests that mortality rates associated with PE have been declining. The reported improved survival rates in PE over the past 20 years are likely, at least in part, to be the result of better adherence to guidelines, improved risk stratification, and enhanced treatment. Factors contributing to the development of venous thromboembolism (VTE) include stasis of blood, hypercoagulability, endothelial injury, and inflammation. In 70 to 80% of cases of PE, the thrombi embolizes from the proximal deep veins of the lower extremities and pelvis. Strong risk factors for VTE include lower extremity fractures and surgeries, major trauma, and hospitalization within the previous 3 months for acute myocardial infarction or heart failure with atrial fibrillation. Acute PE causes several pathophysiological responses including hypoxemia and right ventricle (RV) failure. The latter is a result of pulmonary artery occlusion and associated vasoconstriction. Hemodynamic compromise from RV failure is the principal cause of poor outcome in patients with acute PE.
Evaluation of Improved Imaging Properties with Tungsten-Based Parallel-Hole Collimators: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: Pirayesh Islamian Jalil , Ljungberg Michael 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives The purpose of a parallel-hole collimator in a scintillation camera system is to transmit only those photons that have an emission angle close to the direction of the hole. This makes it possible to receive spatial information about the origin of the emission, that is, radioactivity decay. The dimension, shape, and intrahole thickness determine the spatial resolution and, by a tradeoff, sensitivity. The composition of the collimator material also plays an important role in determining a proper collimator. In this study, we compared tungsten alloys as a potential collimator material replacement for the conventional lead antimony material used in most of the current camera systems.
Materials and Methods Monte Carlo simulations of a commercial scintillation camera system with low energy high resolution (LEHR), medium-energy (ME), and high-energy (HE) collimators of lead, tungsten, and tungsten-based alloy were simulated for different I-131, Lu-177, I-123, and Tc-99m sources, and a Deluxe rod phantom using the SIMIND Monte Carlo code. Planar images were analyzed regarding spatial resolution, image contrast in a cold source case, and system sensitivity for each collimator configuration. The hole dimensions for the three collimators were those specified in the vendor's datasheet.
Results Using Pb, W, and tungsten alloy (Wolfmet) as collimator materials, the full width at half maximum (FWHM) measures for total counts (T) for LEHR with Tc-99m source (6.9, 6.8, and 6.8 mm), for ME with Lu-177 source (11.7, 11.5, and 11.6 mm), and for HE with I-131 (6.2, 13.1, and 13.1 mm) were obtained, and the system sensitivities were calculated as 89.9, 86.1, and 89.8 cpsT/MBq with Tc-99m source; 42.7, 17.4, and 20.9 cpsT/MBq with Lu-177 source; and 40.1, 69.7, and 77.4 cpsT/MBq with I-131 source. The collimators of tungsten and tungsten alloy (97.0% W, 1.5% Fe, 1.5% Ni) provided better spatial resolution and improved image contrast when compared with conventional lead-based collimators. This was due to lower septal penetration.
Conclusion The results suggest that development of a new set of ME and HE tungsten and tungsten alloy collimators could improve imaging of I-131, Lu-177, and I-123.
Vertical distribution of edaphic oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) in two artificial forests planted on temperate grasslands
Authors: Levy Eugenia , Alvarez M. Fernanda , Fredes Natalia A. 
Published: April 2024

Context Oribatid mites are the most abundant taxon in forest soils that rely on porosity and organic matter availability. Exotic forests of Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus planted over native grasslands in the Pampas region of Argentina have produced modification in soil properties, which can affect the composition and structure of native oribatids communities. Aims To compare oribatid communities in soils under artificial woodlands of pine and eucalyptus and to assess the vertical distribution of oribatids in relation to edaphic variables. Methods In each forest, oribatids were collected from three levels of the A horizon: (1) litter layer; (2) 0–5 cm; and (3) 5–10 cm. Edaphic variables measured were penetration resistance, bulk density, total porosity, pH and water content and luminosity at soil level. Density, species richness, diversity and evenness of oribatids were calculated in each level of each forest. Comparisons were made through multivariate analyses. Key results Edaphic variables showed no significant differences between plots but litters were structurally different. Richness and diversity showed no differences between plots whereas evenness was significantly higher in plot P. Density had higher values in the litter layer of both forests. Canonical Analysis of Principal Coordinates (CAP) showed that Pine plots had a more defined vertical distribution. Conclusions The structure and composition of litters promoted differences in the vertical distribution of oribatids. In Pinus, thick unaltered litter showed a marked vertical gradient of mites along levels while in Eucalyptus, thin and easily decomposing litter, showed no vertical patterns. Implications Assessment and management of soil biodiversity in artificial woodlands.
Multiple approaches in the study of ancient human microbiome
Authors: Rosas-Plaza Santiago , Rosas-Plaza Ximena , Cerritos René 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Research related to the analysis of microbial communities in ancient human samples began two decades ago. Since then, new technologies as well as new bioinformatic tools have been developed for the manipulation of massive data. All this together, with the theoretical knowledge generated from microbial ecology has expanded our understanding of the human microbiome. Despite the challenge of studying ancient samples and their microbiome, some approaches applied to the contemporary human microbiome have been successfully applied to ancient samples. Most studies in ancient samples have focused on taxonomic profiling at the community level with metagenomic or high-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing data. However, other approaches have emerged in order to get deeper understanding of the ancient human microbiome. Therefore, the aim of this review is to discuss all the approaches and methodologies successfully applied to ancient samples and ancient microbiome as well as the information that can be generated using them, in order to understand the evolution of human microbiome interactions throughout history.
The occurrence of Corynosoma strumosum in the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus, caught off the Atlantic coast of Ireland
Authors: O'Neill G. , Whelan J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe occurrence, location and sex ratio of Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthoceophala: Polymorphidae) from 26 juvenile grey seals, Halichoerus grypus, by-caught from around the Inishkea Islands, Co. Mayo, from March to June 1997 were recorded. The location of C. strumosum within the seal did not vary, with all worms being found in the small intestine. The prevalence of infection was 100%, with no other acanthocephalan species being recorded. The mean abundance was 416 (range 80–846) C. strumosum per seal. There was no significant change in abundance by month. The sex ratio of mature female to mature male parasites was 1.2:1. The lengths of female and male worms did not differ significantly.
Effects of quantum noise on teleportation of arbitrary two-qubit state via five-particle Brown state
Authors: Wang 汪 Ao 澳 , Wei 魏 Yu-Zhen 玉震 , Jiang 姜 Min 敏 , Li 李 Yong-Cheng 泳成 , Chen 陈 Hong 虹 , Huang 黄 Xu 旭 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We propose a new protocol for quantum teleportation (QT) which adopts the Brown state as the quantum channel. This work focuses on the teleportation of a single unknown two-qubit state via a Brown state channel in an ideal environment. To validate the effectiveness of our proposed scheme, we conduct experiments by using the quantum circuit simulator Quirk. Furthermore, we investigate the effects of four noisy channels, namely, the phase damping noise, the bit-flip noise, the amplitude damping noise, and the phase-flip noise. Notably, we employ Monte Carlo simulation to elucidate the fidelity density under various noise parameters. Our analysis demonstrates that the fidelity of the protocol in a noisy environment is influenced significantly by the amplitude of the initial state and the noise factor.
Mutation in a non-force-bearing region of protein L influences force-dependent unfolding behavior
Authors: Jiang 蒋 Huanjie 环杰 , Wang 王 Yanwei 艳伟 , Chen 陈 Jiayuan 家媛 , Hu 胡 Dan 丹 , Pan 潘 Hai 海 , Guo 郭 Zilong 子龙 , Chen 陈 Hu 虎 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Single-molecule magnetic tweezers (MTs) have revealed multiple transition barriers along the unfolding pathway of several two-state proteins, such as GB1 and Csp. In this study, we utilized MTs to measure the force-dependent folding and unfolding rates of both protein L (PLWT) and its Y47W mutant (PLY47W) where the mutation point is not at the force-bearing β-strands. The measurements were conducted within a force range of 3–120 pN. Notably, the unfolding rates of both PLWT and PWY47W exhibit distinct force sensitivities below 50 pN and above 60 pN, implying a two-barrier free energy landscape. Both PLWT and PLY47W share the same force-dependent folding rate and the same transition barriers, but the unfolding rate of PLY47W is faster than that of PLWT. Our finding demonstrates that the residue outside of the force-bearing region will also affect the force-induced unfolding dynamics.
Goodenough–Kanamori–Anderson high-temperature ferromagnetism in tetragonal transition-metal xenes
Authors: Yorulmaz U , Šabani D , Sevik C , Milošević M V 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Seminal Goodenough–Kanamori–Anderson (GKA) rules provide an inceptive understanding of the superexchange interaction of two magnetic metal ions bridged with an anion, and suggest fostered ferromagnetic interaction for orthogonal bridging bonds. However, there are no examples of two-dimensional (2D) materials with structure that optimizes the GKA arguments towards enhanced ferromagnetism and its critical temperature. Here we reveal that an ideally planar GKA ferromagnetism is indeed stable in selected tetragonal transition-metal xenes (tTMXs), with Curie temperature above 300 K found in CrC and MnC. We provide the general orbitally-resolved analysis of magnetic interactions that supports the claims and sheds light at the mechanisms dominating the magnetic exchange process in these structures. Furthermore, we propose the set of three GKA-like rules that will guarantee room temperature ferromagetnism. With recent advent of epitaxially-grown tetragonal 2D materials, our findings earmark tTMXs for facilitated spintronic and magnonic applications, or as a desirable magnetic constituent of functional 2D heterostructures.
Experimental study of Yushania alpina bamboo fiber
Authors: Asres Muluken Awulachew , Zerayohannes Girma , Zekaria Adil , Nuramo Denamo Addissie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The characteristics of bamboo fiber depend on the source species. This study investigated the properties of Yushania alpina bamboo fibers extracted using mechanical, chemical, and combined methods. Samples from each extraction method were tested for tensile strength. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology of the fibers. Fourier transform infrared was used to trace functional group changes. The absorption capacity of the fibers was also examined. The thermal properties of the fibers were investigated using thermogravimetric analysis. The chemical compositions of the fibers were studied using a gravimetric method. In contrast to mechanically and combinedly extracted bamboo fibers, chemically extracted fiber had up to 90.84% and 67.06% increments in tensile strength, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the removal of attachments on the surfaces of the fibers extracted chemically. The diameter of the fibers extracted chemically was reduced. Fourier transform infrared showed no change in functional groups among the extracted fibers. However, lignin content was reduced in chemically extracted fibers. The absorption capacity of the fibers was encouraging for use in composites. Thermal analysis showed improved thermal properties with the chemical method. Chemical analysis revealed reduced lignin and hemicellulose compositions in chemically extracted fibers. This study suggests bamboo fibers can be used in the construction industry for sustainability.