bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
New sufficient condition of nonexpansive time‐delay time‐varying systems and its application to learning control
Authors: Yashiki Satoshi , Matsumoto Naoki , Takahashi Tohru , Endo Tetsuro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, sufficient conditions for a time‐delay time‐varying (TDTV) system have been shown to be nonexpansive or bounded real (BR). Using this result, the sufficient conditions for stability of learning control for the TDTV system have been derived [2]. the characteristic of these sufficient conditions is independent of delay.This paper considers the relation between these obtained conditions and the similarity transformation of a TDTV system, and derives new sufficient conditions of the nonexpansive TDTV system which are invariant under block similarity transformation. New stability conditions also are derived for the learning control of the TDTV system. the new sufficient conditions include the parameter of delay length explicitly, and ensure that when the given TDTV system satisfies the new conditions, every TDTV system which is similar to the given systems is nonexpansive. It also is shown that under a certain condition, the new sufficient conditions guarantee the nonexpansivity of TDTV system even when the value of the time‐delay length of a real TDTV system deviates from the values in the sufficient condition. Finally, numerical examples are given to show that the obtained stability conditions of learning control are valid.
An improvement in the pointer coding of LZ77 data compression method
Authors: Yokoo Hideotoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere are essentially two approaches in the Ziv‐Lempel code to be used in the data compression. They have already been proposed also as the improvements of the Ziv‐Lempel code, which can be considered as combinations of the two methods. This paper shows that by executing the combination, not only are advantages produced, but also the structure of the Ziv‐Lempel code is derived which realizes a more efficient coding. A precise data compression method is proposed based on the derived structure. the proposed method corresponds to an improvement of the LZ77 method. As the pointer information for the substrings for the coding the parameter corresponding to the length of the substring is encoded first, in contrast to most of the past methods. Then, utilizing the result, the coding method for the position of the reference substring is adjusted selectively. the proposed method is one method with the highest compession ability among the modifications of the Ziv‐Lempel code.
A method of extracting mosfet parameters with small model dependency using a common intermediate model
Authors: Kondo Masaki , Onodera Hidetoshi , Tamaru Keikichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method of extracting parameters which can systematically be applied to a large number of MOSFET models. the previous method for parameter extraction based on the numerical optimization has a problem in that the computation method for the initial value depends on the model and the method cannot easily be applied to various models.In the proposed method, a simple intermediate model composed of a few parameters is introduced and the computation procedure for the initial value is decomposed clearly into the model‐independent part and the model‐dependent part. When the proposed method is applied to a new model, only the latter part should be considered. In other words, the computation procedure for the initial value is made systematic. the parameter extraction experiment is attempted for major MOSFET models included in the circuit simulator SPICE and the applicabilty of the proposed method, and the accuracy of the extracted parameters are verified.
View‐dependent and view‐independent properties in human object recognition
Authors: Gyoba Jiro , Yanagida Tamon , Akamatsu Shigeru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPsychophysical experiments were conducted in order to evaluate the possibility that both view‐independent and view‐dependent properties are involved in human object recognition. the results suggest that human prototypes of objects have descriptions that contain rich information on component structures but view‐independent properties are found only in limited ranges. Therefore, after these prototypes are activated, a verification process by rotation is considered necessary to check correspondence to observed views. In recognition experiments using familiar objects, multiple regression analyses revealed that the degree of activation of the prototype affected the percentage of correct responses and that the time taken by the verification process mainly determined reaction time. For recognition of novel objects with small component variations corresponding to within‐category differences, the verification process by rotation seems very important. In contrast, for recognition of novel objects with large component variations corresponding to between‐category differences in natural objects, the prototype activation process plays a major role, while the precise verification process seems to be unnecessary. Thus, the proposed two processes can reconcile contradictory points between the psychophysical experiments which show view‐dependence and view‐independence.
Computer‐aided communications by visualizing thought space structure
Authors: Sumi Yasuyuki , Ogawa Ryuta , Hori Koichi , Ohsuga Setsuo , Mase Kenji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere has been an increase in collaborative work among specialists from multiple disciplines in recent years. Accordingly, building methods and tools to facilitate communications in those collaborative projects has become an essential issue. This paper describes a method that helps people working cooperatively to form new concepts in areas such as science and engineering. The proposed method supports personal or group concept formation by visualizing the relationships between concepts and their microcontents, given by users, in a metric space. Showing individual spaces presented by communication support system (a tool implemented using this method) to individual users and merging them are useful in clarifying personal backgrounds and viewpoints.
A combinatorial consideration of the error‐correcting capability of difference‐set cyclic codes
Authors: Kobayashi Kazumasa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper discusses a theoretical method for estimating the error‐correcting capability (ECC) of difference‐set cyclic codes (DSCCs). DSCCs can be decoded by using majority logic decoding (MLD); however, variable threshold decoding (VTD) is often employed to improve performance. A combinatorial consideration of the ECC using MLD first must define the probability of failure to correct errors at each reference bit. Both the perfect recovery rate and the discrete probability density (DPD) of residual errors after an MLD processing are then calculated. the ECC achieved by using VTD equipped with two concatenated MLDs is estimated based on the DPD. the numerical estimations of the ECC are examined by comparing them with conventional computer simulation results. These results show that the calculated values conform well to the simulation values. the proposed method can be applied efficiently to test both error‐correcting chips and the design of the built‐in self‐test circuit for them. Results can also be applied to estimate the performances of new super‐long codes, to which little attention has been paid so far.
Design of finite impulse response transmitter and receiver filters for data communication system
Authors: Aikawa Naoyuki , Isomura Hitoshi , Ishikawa Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFinite impulse response (FIR) transmitter and receiver filters for data transmission require both frequency domain and time domain approximation simultaneously. Previously, linear programming techniques have been used to design such filters; however, those techniques require many calculations and lengthy computation time. Proposed here is the design method of FIR transmitter and receiver filters for data transmission that uses the successive projections method. The design method of a matched filter pair is first described. It can have maximum signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) when Gaussian noise exists on the transmission line and where both the transmitter and receiver filters have the same amplitude response. Since the matched filter has double zeros in the stopband, it can also be used to derive the transfer function of a bandpass minimum phase filter. Then, the value of zero in the sampling interval is chosen such that total impulse response of the matched filter pair has zero intersymbol interference. A design method with constraint in time domain is thus described.
Metrics for syndrome decoding of convolutional codes
Authors: Tajima Masato 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper derives soft decision metrics for syndrome decoding of convolutional codes. It is shown that, given a received sequence Z, syndrome decoding of convolutional codes can be seen as the problem of finding error sequence E. This sequence may be a possible cause of the syndrome sequence computed from Z and for which the joint probability μ(Z,E) is maximum. Then the soft decision metrics are derived by actually evaluating the probability μ(Z, E). In particular, a concrete representation of the symbol metrics for an AWGN channel is given. After expressing the derived metric in terms of the inner product, the basic properties of the metric for syndrome decoding are clarified and the similarity between the metrics for syndrome and Viterbi decoding are shown.
Asymptotic time domain analysis of sound propagation in a deep ocean sound channel
Authors: Ohshima Koji , Ishihara Toyohiko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study relates to the time‐domain analysis of sound‐wave propagation in the deep‐ocean sound channel SOFAR (sound fixing and ranging) in the case of a sound source located on or near the channel axis. For asymptotic analysis of response waveforms in the case of an observation point located outside the boundary layer, we used the acoustic ray solution in frequency domain obtained by the acoustic ray tracing method, and derived the acoustic ray expression in time domain. In the case of an observation point located within the boundary layer sound propagation phenomena were clarified that were hard to analyze in terms of the acoustic ray theory. For asymptotic analysis of response waveforms in this case, we proposed a hybrid acoustic ray‐mode expression obtained by combining an acoustic ray with an adiabatic mode. Effectiveness of the proposed asymptotic expression was confirmed by substituting numbers in the acoustic field expressions and completing numerical computations to obtain response waveforms. the results were compared to the reference solutions based on the normal mode theory. It was also demonstrated that numerical computations based on asymptotic expressions are much faster than those based on the normal mode theory. In addition it was found that acoustic field analysis in time domain is more effective than frequency‐domain analysis in terms of physical interpretation of sound wave propagation, since each pulse wave is observed separately.
An objective method for evaluating the quality of speech with code errors using pattern matching techniques
Authors: Yamazaki Tetsuro , Irii Hiroshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study aims at developing an objective method for speech quality evaluation that can cope with the discrete degradation which will be produced in future communication networks. an existing approach by the objective assessment is considered which is effective in estimating the quality degradation due to the quantization distortion. Examining the problems when the conventional method is applied to the evaluation of the discrete degradation, the MOS (mean‐opinion score) estimation method is proposed with the following features: (1) the spectral features of the speech as well as its change with the time are represented by a pattern; (2) frames are clustered based on the phonemic features; and (3) the pattern matching is applied.By applying the proposed method to the evaluation of the noise by the code error, it is seen that it can achieve a better accuracy than the CD (cepstrum distance) method, which is one of the existing objective methods of evaluation.
Ferrocenyl Oligo(phenylene‐vinylene) Thiols for the Construction of Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: Amatore Christian , Gazard Stephen , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Pebay Cécile , Schöllhorn Bernd , Syssa‐Magalé Jean‐Laurent , Wadhawan Jay 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA short and efficient preparation of conjugated oligo(phenylene‐ethylene) thiols bearing redox‐active ferrocene moieties is described. While minimising the number of synthetic steps, the proposed strategy permits the development of sets of oligomers with varying chain length. The redox properties of the compounds in solution are determined. Preliminary studies of self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold electrodes are discussed, and indicate that electron transfer through the SAMs is indeed rapid.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Work organization in FMS: Two case descriptions
Authors: Börjesson Sofia 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe work content for individuals in an FMS is dependent both on the design of the system itself and the choice of work organization. This article describes two Swedish FMS cases. The first case is an FMS within an old plant, with traditional work organization, characterized by many hierarchical levels, job specialization, and narrowly denned tasks. The second case is a “green field” plant, a new plant with only three hierarchical levels and a low degree of division of labor. Whether the FMS will bring about a work organization with a broader work content and thereby a more stimulating work content is primarily dependent on the attitude of management and those involved in designing the system, and whether it is an incremental implementation of the FMS or a completely new plant.
Engineers using computer‐aided design and knowledge‐based systems: Changing professional roles
Authors: Bradley Gunilla , Steere Marcia , Strömqvist Görel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe role of engineers using computer‐aided design (CAD) systems, and the changes which have, taken place regarding work content and tasks, stress‐related health problems, and leisure time were analyzed. We compared these earlier results with initial findings from an ongoing research program studying the introduction and use of knowledge‐based systems (KBS). Changes in the organizational and psychosocial work environment were also analyzed. The obstacles and facilitating factors involved in the introduction and use of CAD systems with corresponding results from early experiences with KBS, from a Swedish perspective were discussed. We concluded that similar experiences with these technological tools confirm our overall hypothesis, that a well‐functioning psychosocial work environment is a prerequisite for the implementation of these systems.
The application of expert system in the design of crt information display for process control systems
Authors: Cheng Chi‐Yung , Hwang Sheue‐Ling 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this study, an expert system for the design of CRT information display was developed which organized the relevant design knowledge and provided a user‐friendly tool for the design of information display. An optimal design depends on the integration of many different aspects of knowledge, such as system characteristics, mental models, human factors principles, etc. In this study, the concept of mental model was applied during the process of design, and the knowledge was analyzed to fit the structure of the expert system.
A comparison of two command language user interfaces for a CNC machine
Authors: Torres‐Chazaro Octavio F. , Beaton Robert J. , Deisenroth Michael P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractComputer numerically controlled (CNC) machines are common pieces of equipment in manufacturing plants. In recent years, CNC‐user interfaces have been evolving from CNC command languages to menu‐based and direct‐manipulation interfaces. However, there have been few efforts to evaluate CNC‐user interfaces and to develop design strategies to improve their usability. An experiment is reported comparing the effectiveness of two user‐interface layouts for a CNC‐milling machine. One user‐interface layout was a simulation of a popular interface for a CNC‐milling machine. The second layout was designed after analyzing the command language characteristics, the button grouping, and the finger movements required to operate the first interface. Then, both layouts were compared in terms of time to complete a set of benchmark tasks, number of errors generated, and users' preferences. Four factors were manipulated: (1) users' level of expertise. (2) layouts, (3) tasks, and (4) trials. It was found that both groups of subjects completed the tasks faster using Layout 2 rather than Layout 1. Similarly, subjects' responses to a questionnaire indicated that Layout 2 was preferred over Layout 1 in almost all of the usability categories studied.
Interorganizational collaboration in manufacturing through partially mandated networks
Authors: Zanko Michael , Williams Trevor A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe growing centrality of human resources in advanced manufacturing underpins a shift in the perception of employees as an operating cost to one that also recognizes them as valuable assets. Therefore, when employees are injured or taken ill as a consequence of work, organizations need to consider the most appropriate means for securing their effective rehabilitation. This paper analyzes important interorganizational characteristics of partially mandated employee rehabilitation networks and examines institutional arrangements that promote participative collaboration between the stakeholders involved. Finally, a general outline is proposed for initiating new interorganizational structures and processes for developing effective employee rehabilitation networks.
Successful implementation of occupational health and safety programs in manufacturing for the 1990s
Authors: Saari Jorma 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOccupational health and safety activities should keep up with changing times. Many traditional safety activities may not be effective any longer. The implementation of a safety program often proves to be a disappointment. Despite that, it may be possible to develop “super programs” which would start to propagate by themselves, and would work like a vaccination, or a friendly virus. Positive feedback has shown to have potential for such a program. If workers experience the results of a program positively, they may also be willing to participate in other safety activities. Thereby, the values of an organization are gradually revised, and consequently, new safety activities initiated. Some of the essential elements of successful safety programs in the 1990s are: positive approaches focused on organizations rather than individuals, rewarding the individuals, and providing visible results.
Interdisciplinary design of skill‐based computer‐aided technologies: Interfacing in depth
Authors: Kldd P. T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article is concerned with the interdisciplinary design of skill‐based computer‐aided technologies. The term “interdisciplinary design” is used in this study to mean the application of insights from psychology and the organizational sciences to the design of computer‐based technologies and systems. A skill‐based computer‐aided technology is one that makes human skill, knowledge, judgment, and creativity more effective and productive. The word “technology” refers, not to the human‐machine interface, but to the details of the techniques and algorithms behind the interface, and to the architectures of integrated computer systems. Therefore, this article is not primarily concerned with allocation of functions between humans and machines, but with how the details of the technology can be influenced by insights from the social sciences. The study offers some contributions toward greater understanding of interdisciplinary design. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate that technology can be designed to reflect insights from psychology and the organizational sciences, and to demonstrate that the design of skill‐based computer‐aided technologies is not primarily a human‐machine interface issue, but a question of shaping the deeper characteristics of the technology.
The effects of assigning progressively harder production standards with feedback on worker productivity and satisfaction
Authors: Shikdar Ashraf A. , Das Biman 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe impact of assigning normal and progressively harder production standards (100%, 130%, 140%, 150%) with feedback on worker productivity and satisfaction was determined in a repetitive production task. Worker productivity in terms of quantity and quality output improved significantly and continuously with a progressive increase in the assigned standards with feedback up to the assigned hard standard of 140% with feedback. A significant deterioration in worker productivity took place as a consequence of the assigned hard standard of 150% with feedback. Consequently, there was a limit of worker productivity improvement that could be achieved by assigning progressively harder standards with feedback. Worker satisfaction improved significantly as a result of assigning normal and hard standards with feedback, compared to the control group with no standard and no feedback. No significant difference was found among the standards with feedback conditions. An assigned hard standard with feedback had no significant detrimental effect on worker satisfaction.
The effects of information aids on fault diagnosis performance in process control systems
Authors: Hwang Sheue‐Ling , Cheng Hung‐Wen 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop an information aid to improve human performance in fault diagnosis tasks. First, a model of human behavior in fault diagnosis tasks was derived to show the process of diagnosis. Then, the source of difficulties and the limitations of human performance during the process of diagnosis tasks were considered to develop the appropriate information aids. Third, a simple graph of the fault tree was utilized to construct two types of information aids, i.e., backward information (B) and forward information (F). Finally, an experiment was conducted to verify the effects of these information aids. As shown in the experimental results, the subjects who were aided by either B or F, or both, took significantly less diagnosis time. As to the strategies of diagnosis, the subjects aided by B information avoided detecting the infeasible region, while the subjects aided by F avoided double‐detection on the same component.
Toward a new model for rationalization and labor relations in the finnish paper industry
Authors: Alasoini Tuomo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article, based on the author's study in Finnish, examines human and labor relations implications of new production strategies in the Finnish paper industry. Starting from Sorge and Streeck's classification, it analyzes some of the effects of adopting diversified quality production (DQP) on work organization and labor‐management relations. The findings of a case study suggest that more cooperative forms of management are a major condition for raising productivity and developing flexible work organization in high‐tech manufacturing environments with well‐established systems of collective bargaining.