bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in potassium concentration and haematocrit associated with cardiopulmonary bypass in paediatric cardiac surgery
Authors: Vohra Hunaid A. , Adluri Krishna , Willets Robert , Horsburgh Angela , Barron David J. , Brawn William J. 
Published: June 2007

Introduction: A blood prime is frequently required for paediatric bypass surgery to maintain adequate haematocrit (Hct). However, stored blood can have high extracellular potassium levels and this study aims to investigate the effect of stored blood on the potassium concentration, both in the prime and subsequently in the patient after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been established. In neonatal surgery, the stored blood may be irradiated if there is a question of impaired immunity. Irradiation may cause a further increase in potassium levels. Methods: Blood-primed circuits prepared for 320 consecutive paediatric bypass cases were analysed for electrolyte levels, Hct and acid-base status before and immediately after establishment of CPB. Patients were divided into three groups according to body weight (<5kg, 5—10 kg and > 10 kg) and both stored blood and irradiated blood primes were compared. Results: The potassium concentration was above the physiological range in all bypass primes pre-CPB and was significantly higher when using irradiated blood (8.12 ± 2.54 mmol/L versus 4.94 ± 3.35 mmol/L, p < 0.0001). Despite this, on commencing CPB, the potassium level remained within the physiological range in the majority of patients (4.16 ± 2.72 mmol/L for stored blood prime and 4.55 ± 1.01 mmol/L for irradiated blood, p = 0.02). However, in smaller patients (< 5 kg) who had irradiated blood prime potassium level > 7.0 mmol/L, there was resultant hyperkalaemia (5.60 ± 0.90 mmol/L) on commencing CPB, that returned to normal later. No adverse clinical events were associated with the hyperkalaemia. Hct was well maintained on CPB (22—25%) in all groups and was not related to patient weight. Conclusion: Blood primes result in high potassium concentrations in the prime fluid that is more severe if irradiated blood is used. The concentration is not sufficient to cause hyperkalaemia in the patients on commencing CPB except when irradiated blood prime is used in infants < 5 kg. Hct is well maintained in all patient groups with the use of blood prime. Perfusion (2007) 22, 87—92.
Does cold blood cardioplegia solution cause deterioration in clinical pulmonary function following coronary artery bypass graft surgery?
Authors: McFarlane Tamra , Kleinloog Robert 
Published: June 2007

Objective: Deterioration in pulmonary function is a common complication following coronary artery bypass graft surgery and there is still speculation to the precise causative factors thereof. Cardioplegia solution not drained by the atriocaval cannula enters the lung parenchyma unless removed by a pulmonary artery (PA) vent. The hypothesis of the present study was that cold blood cardioplegia solution damages the lung parenchyma, resulting in an observed deterioration of clinical lung function. Methods: A prospective, double-blind, randomised trial was conducted on 142 patients. The study group of 71 patients had a PA vent inserted at the time of cannulation, preventing cardioplegia from going through the lungs. In addition, positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) was applied and low-volume lung ventilation carried out during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). The control group (n = 71) had cardioplegia enter the lung parenchyma during cardiopulmonary bypass. Clinical parameters of arterial blood gases, including estimated shunt fraction, spirometry tests and radiographic analysis was made preoperatively and at set times through the postoperative period. Results: Baseline demographics and intraoperative and postoperative management was the same in both groups, thus, yielding a homogenous sample for analysis. Significant changes were noted in arterial blood gases, spirometry, and radiographic analysis of effusion and atelectasis over the time periods studied (p < 0.001). There was, however, no significant difference between the study and control groups at any point (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The data, therefore, suggest that allowing cold blood cardioplegia solution to circulate the lungs during cardiopulmonary bypass does not have any (beneficial or detrimental) effect on clinical lung function postoperatively. Perfusion (2007) 22, 103—113.
The Erotic and the Pornographic in Chicana Rap
Authors: Bragg Beauty , McFarland Pancho 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe discourse on gender and sexuality in rap music is dominated by the pornographic. Women of color contending with demeaning pornographic images have entered the discourse though many routes. JV and Ms. Sancha exemplify the two predominant approaches to discussing gender, sexuality, and power by female rappers of Mexican descent. The concepts of “the erotic” and “porn” are used to describe and examine the work of these two artists. Like feminists of color before her, JV invokes the power of the erotic to challenge male-centered discussions of sexuality. Comparison of the works of each artist helps clarify the difficulties women encounter when attempting to intervene in male-dominated cultural spaces. Each artist contends with the misogyny of the dominant culture that largely sanctions pornography and denies the erotic.
New experimental design method for highly nonlinear and dimensional processes
Authors: Zhang Guiying , Olsen Matthew M. , Block David E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel nonlinear experimental design scheme to identify the optimum of a multidimensional system was computationally evaluated. The method, a hybrid neural network‐genetic algorithm coupled with a fuzzy clustering technique, was developed to accumulate former experimental knowledge and suggest optimal operating conditions for future experimentation. Because of the uncertainty associated with complex systems, several response surfaces with various degrees of complexity and dimensionality were used as case studies for evaluating the new methodology to gain insight into the challenges that may be presented by arbitrary experimental optimization problems in practice. The long‐term objective of this work is to develop an experimental design scheme that will discover the best process operating conditions for any difficult process optimization problem in as few experiments as possible. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm performance is not significantly affected by parameters such as the number of experiments in a batch of experimentation and convergence criteria for the genetic algorithm as well as for various noise levels below 15%. However, higher noise levels, complexity, and dimensionality decrease its performance. Even at higher levels of noise, complexity, and dimensionality, though, the new approach finds significantly better solutions than those found with traditional statistical experimental design methods, with similar or only slightly more experiments. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Tuning the Electronic Properties of N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes
Authors: Leuthäußer Steffen , Schwarz Daniela , Plenio Herbert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe electron‐donating properties of N‐heterocyclic carbenes ([N,N′‐bis(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)imidazol]‐2‐ylidene and the respective dihydro ligands) with 4,4′‐R‐substituted aryl rings (4,4′‐R=NEt2, OC12H25, Me, H, Br, S(4‐tolyl), SO(4‐tolyl), SO2(4‐tolyl)) were studied. Twelve new N‐heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands were synthesized as well as the respective iridium complexes [IrCl(cod)(NHC)] and [IrCl(CO)2(NHC)]. Cyclic voltammetry (ΔE1/2) and IR ($\tilde \nu $(CO)) can be used to measure the electron‐donating properties of the carbene ligands. Modifying the 4‐positions with electron‐withdrawing substituents (4‐R=−SO2Ar, ΔE1/2=+0.92 V) results in NHC ligands with virtually the same electron‐donating capacity as a trialkylphosphine in [IrCl(cod)(PCy3)] (ΔE1/2 =+0.95 V), while [IrCl(cod)(NHC)] complexes with 4‐R=NEt2 (ΔE1/2= +0.59 V) show drastically more cathodic redox potentials and significantly enhanced donating properties.
Analysis of Physical and Chemical Parameters for Discrimination of Water Origin in a Hydroelectric Reservoir
Authors: Barreto Wagner José , Scarminio Ieda , Solci Maria Cristina , Ishikawa Dílson Norio , Tiemi Ogasawara Melissa , Nomi Sônia Naomi , Giancoli Barreto Sônia Regina 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSeventeen physical and chemical parameters were obtained from a hydroelectric reservoir located in a tropical region in the south of Brazil. Multivariate Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Group Analysis (HGA) were used to identify the parameters discriminating the origin of water from the Tibagi and the Primeiro de Maio River, after it has passed the mixing region. The study was conducted during the dry and rainy seasons in July 2002 and February 2003 at three depths and three sampling sites located 0, 5, and 10 km away from the mixing region. The statistical methods showed to be appropriate for identifying the contribution of each tributary in the water mixing site of a complex water system. The most important discriminating parameter was the absorbance relation A(253 nm)/A(203 nm), followed by the concentrations of Fe(III), Mn(III), and Ni(II). An anthropogenic interference was found in the reservoir due to high Ni(II) and orthophosphate concentrations caused by a nearby town sewage discharge. The interference was more important during the dry periods due to the lower dispersion of the pollutants. Urgent initiatives should be taken from the state government to build treatment stations for the wastewater of the small cities around the Capivara hydroelectric reservoir to prevent the drinking water quality from deteriorating.
Reductive Degradation of Polychlorinated Phenols by Pd/C‐Formate: An Ecoefficient Remediation Method for Aqueous Chlorinated Phenols
Authors: Hartung Rainer , Lenoir Dieter , Henkelmann Bernhard , Schulte‐Hostede Sigurd , Schramm Karl‐Werner 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new catalytic dehydrohalogenation method for chlorinated phenols is described, which can be used to break down chlorinated pollutants in wastewater. It uses a system of Pd‐C as catalyst with sodium formate as reducing agent. This economic method is easy to perform with a complete degradation of the pollutant within 12 to 30 h at room temperature. The ecoefficieny of the procedure is compared with eleven alternative methods showing the special advantages of the method.
Determination of the Optimal Location of the Air Hole in Venturi Aerators
Authors: Baylar Ahmet , Unsal Mehmet , Ozkan Fahri 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDissolved oxygen is one of the most important water quality parameters. Aeration improves the water quality by maintaining good dissolved oxygen levels in water. Dissolved oxygen enters water by entrainment of air bubbles. A method of aeration that has become popular in recent years is the venturi aeration. In the present paper, experimental studies were conducted to investigate the effect of the location of the air hole in venturi tubes upon air injection. It was observed from the results that the location of the air hole playes a significant role for the air injection. The optimal air hole location that maximized the air injection in venturi aerators was determined.
Synthesis, Stability Constant Determination, and Structural Study of Some Complexes of a Zinc Triad Containing Pyridyl‐amine‐quinoline and Pyridyl‐thio‐quinoline
Authors: Canovese Luciano , Visentin Fabiano , Chessa Gavino , Levi Carlo , Dolmella Alessandro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe potentially fluorescent and terdentate ligands containing nitrogen or sulfur as coordinating atom were synthesized and used in the formation of perchlorate or chloride complexes of the metals of the Zn triad. The reaction of the ligands with metal perchlorate salts yields the corresponding bis‐chelate derivatives, whereas the same ligands react with metal chloride salts to give monochelate complexes. All of these complexes undergo NMR‐scale fast fluxional rearrangement in solution. Some structural X‐ray diffractometric studies were also performed and the ensuing data confirm the surmised structures and the solution rearrangement in the case of monochelate substrates and of one Hg derivative, respectively. The equilibrium constants of formation in the case of monochelate derivatives were also determined in water by means of spectrophotometric titration of the studied ligand with the metal ions. The values of the equilibrium constants were confirmed by supplementary determination taking into account the exchange between two different metals and/or dissociation equilibria. The fluorescence activity of ligands and complexes was eventually studied and notably onefluorescent silent ligand gives rise to fluorescent zinc derivatives. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Reaction of Isocyanate‐Functionalised Silicon Wafers with Complex Amino Compounds
Authors: Perzyna Aurore , Zotto Christophe Dal , Durand Jean‐Olivier , Granier Michel , Smietana Michael , Melnyk Oleg , Stará Irena G. , Starý Ivo , Klepetářová Blanka , Šaman David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA feasible method of grafting complex amine structures (methyl ester of glycine, Rho‐Lys‐Arg‐NH2, amine‐terminated oligonucleotide and 7,8,11,12‐tetrahydro‐5‐hexahelicenamine) onto a silicon wafer surface is described. The two step process comprises (1) anchoring 10‐isocyanatodecyltrichlorosilane to a 1.8–2‐nm thin silica layer on a single silicon wafer crystal (100) and (2) the attachment of amine substrates through a urea linkage by reacting those with isocyanate groups on the wafer surface. Both steps can be monitored by ATR FTIR showing the appearance/disappearance of the isocyanate band. Measuring the contact angles along with the AFM imaging of the surfaces indicated the formation of the monolayers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Enantioselective separation of the novel antidepressant mirtazapine and its main metabolites by CEC
Authors: Aturki Zeineb , Scotti Valentina , D'Orazio Giovanni , Rocco Anna , Raggi Maria Augusta , Fanali Salvatore 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this work, the simultaneous enantioseparation of the second‐generation antidepressant drug mirtazapine and its main metabolites 8‐hydroxymirtazapine and N‐desmethylmirtazapine by chiral CEC is reported. The separation of all enantiomers under study was achieved employing a capillary column packed with a vancomycin‐modified diol stationary phase. With the aim to optimize the separation of the three pairs of enantiomers in the same run, different experimental parameters were studied including the mobile phase composition (buffer concentration and pH, organic modifier type and ratio, and water content), stationary phase composition, and capillary temperature. A capillary column packed with vancomycin mixed with silica particles in the ratio (3:1) and a mobile phase composed of 100 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 6)/H2O/MeOH/ACN (5:15:30:50, by vol.) allowed the complete enantioresolution of each pair of enantiomers but not the simultaneous separation of all the studied compounds. For this purpose, a packing bed composed of vancomycin‐CSP only was tested and the baseline resolution of the three couples of enantiomers was achieved in a single run in less than 30 min, setting the applied voltage and temperature at 25 kV and 20°C, respectively. In order to show the potential applicability of the developed CEC method to biomedical analysis, a study concerning precision, sensitivity, and linearity was performed. The method was then applied to the separation of the enantiomers in a human urine sample spiked with the studied compounds after suitable SPE procedure with strong cation‐exchange (SCX) cartridges.
The pentapeptide KTTKS promoting the expressions of type I collagen and transforming growth factor‐β of tendon cells
Authors: Tsai Wen‐Chung , Hsu Chih‐Chin , Chung Chia‐Ying , Lin Miao‐Sui , Li Sung‐Lung , Pang Jong‐Hwei S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPentapeptide KTTKS, a subfragment of type I collagen propeptide, has been demonstrated to promote the extracellular release of collagen in fibroblasts. The present study was designed to investigate the effect and molecular mechanism of KTTKS on type I collagen expression of rat Achilles tendon cells. Genes related to the upregulation of collagen expression such as transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β), and mRNA‐binding proteins (mRBP) E1 and K were also examined. MTT assay revealed cell viability was not affected by KTTKS treatment. Protein expression of type I collagen was determined by immunocytochemistry and Western blot analysis. Results showed that KTTKS induced type I collagen expression of tendon cells. The mRNA expressions of α1(I) procollagen, TGF‐β, mRBP K, as determined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), were also enhanced after KTTKS treatment. The stability of preexisting α1(I) procollagen mRNA after the addition of α‐amanitin was analyzed by RT‐PCR at 24 and 48 h. Results showed that KTTKS slowed down the degradation of α1(I) procollagen mRNA (p = 0.021). Furthermore, the concentration of TGF‐β in conditioned medium, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, increased dose dependently in cells treated with KTTKS (p = 0.001). In conclusion, KTTKS promotes the expression of type I collagen and maintains its mRNA stability in a process associated with the upregulation of TGF‐β. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1629–1634, 2007
Computer‐aided surgery using 3D rendering of maxillofacial pathology and trauma
Authors: Fernandes Rui , DiPasquale Juliana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground Technological advances in the field of robotics and computer‐assisted surgery continue to revolutionize medicine and surgery. The specialty of maxillofacial surgery has benefited from this advancement. One of the areas of the specialty where this advancement has made significant contributions is in the management of complex soft tissue and bony pathological conditions. Equally significant benefits have also been seen in the reconstruction of traumatic facial defects.Methods Reviews of the literature and retrospective cases from the University of Florida College of Medicine at Jacksonville were undertaken.Results An update on the current use of three‐dimensional (3D) imaging of maxillofacial pathology and a report of a case example are presented.Conclusion The use of computer‐aided rendering of 3D images of the disease process or defects allows for the surgeon to manipulate the information in the preoperative setting to aid in the planning of the surgery. This preoperative planning is, in effect, a simulation of the planned surgery. This paper reviews one of the commonly used methods of integrating computer‐aided surgery in the daily practice of maxillofacial surgery. The advantages as well as the drawbacks of this technique are reviewed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic Coupling Between Azurin and Gold at Different Protein/Substrate Orientations
Authors: Venkat Anurag Setty , Corni Stefano , Di Felice Rosa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBy means of constrained classical molecular dynamics simulations, we have computed the structure of azurin deposited on a Au(111) surface at different possible orientations and the azimuthal forces acting on the protein at each sampled conformation. We have then evaluated the effect of the angular variation on the speed of electron tunneling between the protein redox site and the metal surface. We find that the azurin/gold electronic coupling has a strong dependence on the molecular orientation and is greatly enhanced by inclining the protein to lie as flat as possible on the surface. We discuss the implications of our results for scanning probe microscopy experiments in which tunneling currents are measured while the protein is subjected to mechanical forces exerted by the tip of the instrument.
Crystal Structure Determination of Thallium Carbodiimide, Tl2NCN
Authors: Stork Ludwig , Liu Xiaohui , Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOrange‐red single crystals of thallium carbodiimide, Tl2NCN, have been grown from an aqueous solution of cyanamide and thallium carbonate under strongly basic conditions. Tl2NCN crystallizes in space group with a = 5.338(1), b = 6.626(2), c = 9.645(3) Å, α = 98.765(4)°, β = 98.685(4)°, γ = 113.178(4)°, and Z = 3; the structure can be considered a strongly distorted anti‐CdI2 type. One finds two crystallographically different and irregular [NCN]Tl6 octahedra in which the Tl–N distances of the three‐coordinate monovalent thallium ions lie between 2.52 and 2.72Å. The two symmetry‐inequivalent NCN2− units adopt the carbodiimide shape, and the course of its molar volume as a function of the monovalent counter cation is analyzed.
The Monomerization of a Binuclear Molybdenum(VI) Dioxo Complex by an Unusual Silylation Reaction
Authors: Ma Xiaoli , Yang Zhi , Schulzke Carola , Ringe Arne , Magull Jörg 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe formation of a mononuclear molybdenum(VI) complex [MoO2{O(CH2)2S(CH2)2OH}(OSiButPh2)] (2) derived from its binuclear precursor [MoO2{O(CH2)2S(CH2)2O}]2 (1) by a silylation reaction accompanied by the conversion of methanol to chloromethane is reported.
On the Search of Metallated Sulfonamides: Synthesis and X‐ray Characterization of the New Sulfathiazolato Nickel(II)‐Chelate Complex [Ni(STZ)2(Py)2]·2Py (STZ = Sulfathiazolato Anion; Sulfathiazole = N1‐2‐thiazolyl‐sulfanilamide; Py = Pyridine)
Authors: de Oliveira Gelson Manzoni , Soccol Gris Lara Regina , de Lourenço Marques Lenice , Schulz Lang Ernesto 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSulfathiazole (HSTZ) reacts with triethylamine and Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O in methanol and further with pyridine to give the sulfathiazolato complex [Ni(STZ)2(Py)2]·2Py. In the new chelate complex the deprotonated sulfonamidic nitrogen atom does not take part in the coordination process, apparently retaining the negative charge. Two (STZ)− moieties are symmetrically bonded to the Ni2+ ion through a thiazolyl nitrogen atom and an oxygen atom of the S(O)2 group. Two pyridine molecules accomplish the fairly distorted octahedral coordination at the metal centre.
ECOLOGICAL AND CULTURAL PRESSURE ON MARRIAGE SEASONALITY IN THE PRINCIPALITY OF ANDORRA
Authors: GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍN A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe Principality of Andorra is a small European state located in the central Pyrenees. Since the Middle Ages, it has retained political independence from its two neighbouring countries, France and Spain. Until recently, Andorra maintained a relative stable population and was dependent upon agriculture and livestock. Since 1940, however, a marked change in these conditions has given rise to an explosive increase in the size of the population and traditional systems of production have been replaced by tourism, commerce and service industries. These changes have influenced the model of nuptial seasonality. Based on data from 10,188 marriage certificates covering a period from 1606 to 1960, nuptial seasonality was assessed by estimating Henry’s seasonality coefficient. Temporal and geographic changes in the seasonality model were assessed using linear regression analysis and analysis of variance. In addition, the Ũhindex – an estimate of the intensity of the seasonality model – is proposed to assess changes in the different seasonality models. The results indicate a relaxation of seasonality over time and in those parishes in which substantial demographic and socioeconomic change has occurred in recent years, suggesting a strong dependence of seasonality on the system of production.