bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geoarchaeological Analysis of Soils and Structures of the Kurgan Shumny, Krasnodar Region
Authors: Sverchkova A. E. , Khokhlova O. S. , Makeev A. O. , Aseeva E. N. , Kust P. G. , Myakshina T. N. , Tregub T. F. , Kozmirchuk I. A. 
Published: April 2024

The chronosequence of soils buried under constructions of different ages at the large (h – 3.5 m, d – 74 m) kurgan Shumny in the Krasnodar Region has been studied. The kurgan was built sequentially by the people of Catacomb (XXVIII–XXII centuries BC) and Srubnaya (XV–X centuries BC) cultures, and includes five constructions, that built from the material of local soils and anthropogenic material. Each of the subsequent construction overlapped the previous one and went beyond it, covering some an additional space which allow studying a consecutive series of buried under the constructions soils. During the kurgan building (XXVIII–X centuries BC), the morphological and physicochemical properties of the soils changed: the content of organic matter and magnetic susceptibility increased, whereas the mixing up of the upper horizons by burrowing animals, the content of carbonates, and the share of exchangeable sodium in the composition of exchangeable bases decreased. The directions of these properties change in the materials of kurgan constructions, from early to late, agree with that for the soils buried below them. For the building of uneven-aged constructions of the kurgan, local soils were used, which had different properties at the time of a particular construction. Those soils occupied a significantly larger area than the kurgan, which increases the certainty of the studies. The evolution of soil properties and earth materials allow to suggest climatic trend for the period during the mound construction - atmospheric moisture increased and the mean annual temperature decreased from the Early Catacomb to Srubnaya cultures. For buried soils was carried out a palynological analysis, which, regardless of paleosol data, confirms the conclusions about climate changes. According to micromorphological observations, the Early Catacomb time can be additionally characterized as arid, which led to soil cracking and accumulation of carbonates in the upper part of soil profiles. Based on the structure and properties of mounds it is possible to identify the technology of their construction, which included compacting earthen material in dry and wet form, coarse mixing, adding of river silt, coals and bones.
Gully Erosion Zoning in the Middle Volga Region
Authors: Medvedeva R. A. , Yermolaev O. P. 
Published: April 2024

The article presents a new scheme of zoning of modern gully erosion in a large region of the Russian Federation. Automated landscape zoning by means of artificial neural networks was carried out in order to determine the natural and anthropogenic conditions for the development of the gully network. Erosion zoning was implemented on the basis of large-scale geoinformation mapping of gullies by the method of visual interpretation of high- and ultra-high-resolution satellite images for 2017–2021. The basins of small rivers (1314 in total) with an average area of 91 km2 are taken as operational-territorial units. 22688 gullies (including their holes) were identified in the study area, the average length of which is 65 m, and the total length of the gully network is about 1500 km. The density of the gully network averages 12 m/km2, reaching a maximum of 301 m/km2. The density of gully dissection is used as an indicator for the zoning of gully erosion, this indicator indirectly reflects the intensity of gully formation in geo-space. The dominant (84% of basins) are areas either with no gully dissection or having weak or very weak gully erosion. The main reasons for the widespread damping of gully erosion are related to changes in land use and in the climate system, as well as an evolutionary factor – the transition of many gully forms to the balka stage of development.
The Content of Ash Elements in the Above-Ground Organs of Some <i>Crataegus</i> (Rosaceae) Species
Authors: Mukhametova S. V. , Demakov Yu. P. , Talantsev V. I. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—The study assessed the content of ash elements in the dry matter of fruits, flowers and leaves of 19 hawthorn (Crataegus L.) species. The plants from the collection of the Botanical Garden-Institute of the Volga State University of Technology (VSUT), the Mari El Republic, were studied. The content of eight elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. It is shown that ash and trace elements content is species-specific. The ash content in dry fruits is highest in C. flabellate (Bosc) K. Koch and C. macracantha Lodd., and lowest in C. × almaatensis Pojark. and C. altaica (Loud.) Lange. The highest content of Fe was found in C. pinnatifida Bunge, Mn – in C. flabellate (Bosc) K. Koch, Zn – in C. volgensis Pojark., C. maximowiczii C.K. Schneid. and C. nigra Waldst. et Kit., Cu – in C. volgensis Pojark., Ni, Sr and Co – in C. macracantha Lodd., Cd – in C. altaica (Loud.) Lange, C. macracantha Lodd., C. volgensis Pojark. Difference in the fruit elemental composition between hawthorn species may be due to the difference in proportion of pulp and seeds. The content of ash and mineral elements in hawthorn fruits varies depending on the growing season conditions. The content of Fe, Zn and Ni increases in years with warm and humid summers, while the content of Mn decreases, but the weather conditions of the growing season account for only 3.8 to 28.8% of the variance of values. In hawthorn, the concentration of trace elements essential for humans, especially Zn, is significantly higher in flowers, than in fruits, and, on the contrary, concentration of potentially toxic Sr is higher in fruits. In leaves, especially harvested in autumn, Sr content is tens of times higher than in fruits.
<i>In Vitro</i> Introduction of <i>Lespedeza davurica</i> (Fabaceae)
Authors: Lonchakova T. E. , Pianova A. S. , Berdasova K. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract—Rare species Lespedeza davurica (Laxm.) Schindl. (Fabaceae), growing in the Russian Federation, was for the first time introduced into in vitro culture. Efficient sterilization protocol was selected: seeds were soaked in sulfuric acid for 25 min, then washed in distilled water 5 times for 30 s, then soaked in 1% silver nitrate solution for 25 min, then in 1% sodium chloride solution for 15 min, and washed in distilled water 3 times for 30 s. The overall seed germination was sufficiently high – 78.8%. It was observed, that cotyledon leaves in most plants appeared by the end of the first week of cultivation, true leaves – by the end of the second week, additional shoots began to form within the first month of cultivation. The resulting culture was propagated under in vitro conditions using additional shoots. The effect of thidiazuron at concentrations of 0.5 and 0.1 mL/L was traced. It was shown that Murashige and Skoog medium without growth regulators are suitable for cultivation and micropropagation of the species under study, and when the medium is supplemented with thidiazuron it can be used to obtain more plant material. The results of our study are of interest for the fundamental and applied aspects of the study of L. davurica.
On Implementation of Numerical Methods for Solving Ordinary Differential Equations in Computer Algebra Systems
Authors: Baddour A. , Gambaryan M. M. , Gonzalez L. , Malykh M. D. 
Published: April 2024

This paper presents an original package for investigating numerical solutions of ordinary differential equations, which is built in the Sage computer algebra system. This project is focused on a closer integration of numerical and symbolic methods while primarily aiming to create a convenient tool for working with numerical solutions in Sage. The package defines two new classes: initial problems and approximate solutions. The first class defines tools for symbolic computations related to initial problems, while the second class defines tools for interpolating values of symbolic expressions on an approximate solution and estimating the error with the use of the Richardson method. An implementation of the Runge–Kutta method is briefly described, with its main feature being the possibility of working with arbitrary Butcher tableaux and arbitrary numeric fields.
ANODIC PROCESSES OF URANIUM ALLOYS CONTAINING PALLADIUM AND NEODYMIUM IN 3LiCl–2KCl-UCl<sub>3</sub> MELTS
Authors: Nikitin D. I. , Polovov I. B. , Rebrin O. I. , Shchetinsky A. V. , Dedyukhin A. S. 
Published: April 2024

At the reprocessing module of the pilot demonstration power complex site of the Siberian Chemical Combine, a combined technological scheme for the reprocessing of mixed nitride uranium-plutonium spent fuel consisting of pyrochemical operations, hydrometallurgical refining of uranium, plutonium and neptunium is implemented step by step. According to this scheme, the target pyrochemical reprocessing products, purified from the main mass of fission products with actinoid content not less than 99.9%, are sent for hydrometallurgical reprocessing. For pyrochemical reprocessing it is necessary to develop a technology of electrorefining of metallised spent nuclear fuel. To carry out electrolytic refining it is necessary to define processes and regimes of anodic dissolution of alloys simulating product of this head operation “metallization”. In the present work the results of investigations of processes of anodic dissolution of U–Pd and U–Pd–Nd model alloys with different concentrations of palladium and neodymium in melts based on 3LiCl–2KCl–UCl3 (10.1 wt % UCl3) at 550°C using different methods are presented. Uranium alloys containing palladium and neodymium were prepared by direct alloying of uranium metal and palladium metal powders of PdAP-1 grade, and neodymium metal (99.99%) in high-purity argon medium (99.998%). Electrochemical measurements were performed using an Autolab 302N potentiostat/halvanostat equipped with a Booster 20A high-current module. The anodic polarisation curves consist of only one oxidation wave which was attributed to the dissolution of uranium metal. Increasing the palladium content in the alloy from 1.5 to 10.0 wt %, does not affect the shape of the polarisation curves. The increase of neodymium content in the alloy from 1.0 to 10.0 wt % also does not affect the shape of polarization curves. Electrorefining parameters of uranium alloys containing palladium and neodymium were determined. The limiting current density of uranium evolution from uranium alloys containing palladium and neodymium in the electrolyte 3LiCl–2KCl–UCl3 (10.1 wt % UCl3) at 550°C was 0.4 A/cm2. It was shown that palladium does not diffuse into the melt as a result of anodic dissolution and neodymium accumulates in the electrolyte only when the alloy is refined with 10.0 wt % neodymium, which is much higher than the future real concentrations of electrotreated uranium alloy components in the technological chain of spent nuclear fuel processing.
EFFECT OF THE SUBSTRATE MATERIAL ON THE KINETICS OF SILICON ELECTROREDUCTION IN THE KCl–CsCl–K<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> MELT
Authors: Gevel T. A. , Gorshkov L. V. , Suzdaltsev A. V. , Zaikov Yu. P. 
Published: April 2024

Due to the possibility of controlling composition and morphology, one of the promising methods for obtaining silicon and its materials is the electrolysis of molten salts. However, this requires data on the influence of various factors on the kinetics of silicon electrodeposition. In this work, an effect of the cathode substrate material on the kinetics of electroreduction of silicon ions in a low-fluoride melt (wt %) 57KCl–43CsCl with the addition of 2.8 wt % K2SiF6 at a temperature of 730°C was studied by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. Interacting and indifferent materials for silicon were chosen as substrates: glassy carbon, silver, and nickel. On the glassy carbon electrode, the electroreduction of silicon ions proceeds in the potential region more negative than –0.05 V, on the silver electrode, more negative than 0.05 V, and on the nickel electrode, more negative than 0.40 V relative to the potential of the silicon quasi-reference electrode. For all the studied substrates, a cathode process is observed, which is not electrochemically reversible. In this case, according to chronoamperometry measurements, the stage of nucleation of a new phase at the cathode does not affect the kinetics of the process under study. Presumably, in the case of glassy carbon and silver, irreversibility can be caused by a delayed discharge, while silicon electrodeposition on a nickel electrode is accompanied by the formation of nickel silicides. From the voltammetric and chronoamperometric dependences, the diffusion coefficient of silicon ions to the glassy carbon electrode was estimated, the values of which were 1.5 · 10–5 and 1.2 · 10–5 cm2/s, respectively.
The Birth of Morphomechanics
Authors: Ermakov A. S. 
Published: April 2024

At the early 1970s, in the USSR, L.V. Beloussov and his colleagues from Moscow State University put forward a hypothesis about the possible role of mechanical forces and stresses in the organization of developing living systems. The authors discovered stage-specific patterns of mechanical stresses during amphibian embryonic development and showed that mechanical stresses are necessary for the organization of morphogenesis and cellular differentiation. As a result of the long-term work of Moscow embryologists, morphomechanics, new interdisciplinary science at the intersection of developmental biology and mechanics, was born. In the XXI century, mechanisms of mechano-dependent gene expression, cellular and nuclear mechanotransduction are intensively studied. The idea of the organizing role of mechanical forces and stresses in living systems remains very relevant.
Effect of the Glyoxylate Shunt Inactivation on Biosynthesis of Adipic Acid Through the Inverted Fatty Acid β-oxidation by <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains
Authors: Gulevich A. Yu. , Skorokhodova A. Yu. , Debabov V. G. 
Published: April 2024

Using Escherichia coli MG1655 lacIQ, ∆ackA-pta, ∆poxB, ∆ldhA, ∆adhE, ∆fadE, PL-SDφ10-atoB, Ptrc-ideal-4-SDφ10-fadB, PL-SDφ10-tesB, ∆yciA as a core strain, the derivatives capable of synthesizing adipic acid from glucose through the inverted fatty acid β-oxidation pathway were obtained. Biosynthesis of the target compound by recombinants was ensured upon the primary condensation of acetyl-CoA and succinyl-CoA by 3-oxoacyl-CoA thiolase PaaJ and the catalysis of the final reaction of the cycle by acyl-CoA dehydrogenases FadE and FabI. Deletion in the strains of sucCD genes encoding components of succinyl-CoA synthase did not increase the relative intracellular availability of succinyl-CoA for target biosynthetic reactions and did not lead to an increase in adipic acid accumulation by the recombinants. The secretion of succinic and malic acids by the strains with an impaired tricarboxylic acid cycle remained almost unchanged, indicating the activity in the cells of glyoxylate shunt reactions that compete with the cycle reactions for isocitrate, required for succinyl-CoA formation. When isocitrate lyase, malate synthases A and G, and bifunctional kinase/phosphatase isocitrate dehydrogenase were inactivated in strains due to deletion of the aceBAK operon genes and glcB, adipic acid synthesis by recombinants increased threefold and reached 0.33 mM.
New Data on the Rock and Mineral Composition of Kharchinsky and Zarechny Volcanoes (Central Kamchatka depression): Heterogeneity of the Mantle Source and Peculiarities of Magma Evolution in Crust
Authors: Gorbach N. V. , Nekrylov N. A. , Portnyagin M. V. , Hoernle K. 
Published: April 2024

The Kharchinsky and Zarechny volcanoes and the Kharchinsky Lake zone of monogenetic cones are unique eruptive centers of magnesian lavas located above the northern margin of the Pacific Plate subducting beneath Kamchatka. This work presents new geochemical data on the composition of rocks (55 samples) and minerals (over 900 analyses of olivine, pyroxenes, amphibole, and plagioclase) of these centers analyzed by XRF and LA-ICP-MS (rocks) and electron microprobe (minerals). Most of the studied rocks are represented by magnesian (Mg# = 60–75 mol. %), medium-K basalts and basaltic andesites. Moderate-magnesian (Mg# = = 52–59 mol. %) basaltic andesites are present among the monogenic cones of the Kharchinsky Lake. The rare rock varieties include high-K basalts-basaltic andesites of dikes in the center of the Kharchinsky volcano and magnesian andesites (Mg# = 58–61 mol. %) of the extrusions of Zarechnу volcano. The distribution of trace element contents in these samples demonstrates the enrichment of large-ion lithophile elements, light REEs and depletion of high field strength elements and heavy REEs typical of arc rocks. High-K basalts and basaltic andesites show anomalous enrichment in Ba (1000 ppm), Th (3.8 ppm), U (1.8 ppm), Sr (800 ppm, Sr/Y 50) and light REE (La 20 ppm); their compositions are close to those of low-Si adakites. Basalts and basaltic andesites contain high-Mg olivine phenocrysts (up to Fo92.6) and clinopyroxene (Mg# up to 91 mol. %). The rocks show petrographic and geochemical signs of fractional crystallization along with the processes of mineral accumulation and magma mixing. Some of the olivine phenocrysts show high NiO contents (up to 5000 ppm) and elevated Fe/Mn ratio (up to 80), interpreted as evidence of participation of the pyroxenite source in the magma generation processes. The use of Ca/Fe and Ni/Mg ratios allowed us to distinguish the composition fields and evolution trends of olivines associated with different sources – peridotite and pyroxenite, formed by the reaction of mantle wedge peridotites and high-Si melts of the subducted oceanic crust. The new data are consistent with other evidence of melting of the subducted Pacific plate edge beneath the northern part of the Central Kamchatka depression at the Kurile-Kamchatka and Aleutian subduction zone junction and testify to significant heterogeneity of the mantle in this area.
Magnesian Basalts of the Medvezhia Caldera: Main Magmas and Their Sources on the Example of the Menshiy Brat Volcano (Iturup Island)
Authors: Kuzmin D. V. , Nizametdinov I. R. , Smirnov S. Z. , Timina T. Yu. , Shevko A. Ya. , Gora M. P. , Rybin A. V. 
Published: April 2024

The paper represents new data on the formation conditions of basalts from post-caldera volcano Menshiy Brat (Medvezhia caldera, Iturup Island). Liquidus mineral assemblage is composed of olivine (Fo up to 90.1 mol. %) and chromium spinel (Cr# = 0.46–0.6), which crystallized at 1090–1170°С and oxygen fugacity NNO +0.6 (σ = 0.2) – NNO +0.2 (σ = 0.14). The study of melt inclusions in the liquidus olivine demonstrated that its parental melts have low-alumina, low-potassium compositions with up to 15.5 wt. % MgO and with an average water content of 5.5 wt. %. The data on volatile contents in the olivine-hosted melt inclusions suggest that the basic melts appeared due to partial melting of essentially peridotitic source with a small admixture of an olivine-free component at 1225°С under active influence of the slab-related fluids. These fluids were separated from the subducting slab at 670–705°С and depths of 95–105 km beneath the Iturup Island. The results of this study enhance our understanding of the evolution of basic magmas that serve as a heat and volatile supply during the formation of large calderas.
<sup>137</sup>Cs Pollution in Soils and Plants of Urban Ecosystems Near the Elektrostal Heavy Machinery Plant
Authors: Липатов Д. Н. , Вараченков В. А. , Манахов Д. В. , Мамихин С. В. , Щеглов А. И. 
Published: April 2024

In urban ecosystems to the west of the Elektrostal Heavy Machinery Plant, 6 years after the radiation incident, local areas with a total area of 0.2 km2 with an increased equivalent dose rate of γ radiation of 0.15–0.40 μSv/hour and a high specific activity of 137Cs reaching 8328–8740 Bq/kg in the upper soil horizons were identified. Statistically significant direct correlations were noted between the specific activity of 137Cs in a layer of 0–10 cm of soil and the equivalent dose rate of γ radiation at the surface and height of 1 meter. The types of vertical distribution of 137Cs in soils of polluted urban ecosystems, including those on which earth decontamination works were carried out, have been determined. The calculated 137Cs transfer coefficients increase in row of tree: Salix alba Sórbus aucupária Ácer platanoídes Malus domestica Alnus incana Ácer negúndo; and grassy vegetation: Týpha angustifólia Artemísia vulgáris Tussilágo fárfara Cirsium arvense Urtíca dióica.
The Effect of γ-Irradiation on Mortality and Biomass of the Terrestrial Mollusk <i>F. Fruticum</i> M.
Authors: Lavrentyeva G. V. , Synzynys B. I. , Mirzeabasov O. A. , Pavlov A. N. , Cherkasova E. E. 
Published: April 2024

The results of the study of relevant indicators of mortality and biomass after ɣ-irradiation in the dose of 10–300 Gy of the terrestrial mollusk F. fruticum M. are presented. Mollusks of the second age group were selected. The age of the mollusks was determined by the number of revolutions of the shell. The conditions of keeping the mollusk in the laboratory were experimentally selected in such a way that the survival rate in the control group was 100%. The duration of the experiment (210 days) and the range of radiation doses (10–300 Gy) made it possible to establish the LD50/60 index for a terrestrial mollusk of the second age group. It is 115.6 ± ± 33.8 Gy. LD50/60 was determined by the calculated method of probit analysis using the least squares method. Three dose ranges (10–100, 110–170 and 180–300 Gy of changes in the studied relevant indicators were established. For each time range, starting from 60 days after irradiation, a linear threshold dependence with three dose ranges was established: a dose-independent plateau at low radiation doses, a dose-dependent range with an increase in the radiation dose, and a dose-independent plateau when absolute mortality occurs.
Effect of Electron Fluence on the Concentration of Color Centers in Aluminum Oxide Hollow Particles
Authors: Iurina V. I. , Dudin A. N. , Neshimenko V. V. , Mikhailov M. M. 
Published: April 2024

The effect of fluence (1–7) × 1016 cm–2 electrons with an energy of 30 keV on the concentration of color centers in aluminum oxide hollow particles micron-sized in comparison with bulk Al2O3 microparticles was studied. The analysis was carried out using diffuse reflectance spectra in the range from 250 to 2500 nm in situ. The radiation resistance of the microspheres under study was evaluated relative to micropowders from the difference diffuse reflectance spectra obtained by subtracting the spectra after irradiation from the spectra of non-irradiated samples. Changes in the difference diffuse reflection spectra of aluminum oxide microparticles and microspheres obtained with different electron fluences showed that with an increase in the induced electron fluence, absorption increases throughout the spectrum. It was found that the radiation resistance of aluminum oxide microspheres to the effects of electrons with an energy of 30 keV a fluence (1–7) × 1016 cm–2 greater than the radiation resistance of Al2O3 microparticles. The increase in the radiation resistance of aluminum oxide hollow microparticles compared to the radiation resistance of aluminum oxide bulk microparticles is due to the low concentration of induced defects of the anionic sublattice.