bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anemia Is Associated with the Progression of White Matter Disease in Older Adults with High Blood Pressure: The Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Inzitari Marco , Studenski Stephanie , Rosano Caterina , Zakai Neil A. , Longstreth William T. , Cushman Mary , Newman Anne B. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether anemia predicts worsening white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) in older community‐dwellers.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.SETTING: Older community‐dwellers.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand eight hundred forty‐six Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS) participants (mean age 73.7 ± 4.4, 41% male, 15.6% African American).MEASUREMENTS: Participants had hemoglobin measured and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 1992/93 and a second brain MRI in 1997/98. Anemia was defined according to World Health Organization criteria (hemoglobin <12 g/dL in women and <13 g/dL in men). Worsening WMHs were determined according to standardized side‐by‐side readings.RESULTS: After 5 years, WMHs worsened in 517 participants (28%). Progression was not associated with anemia in the whole sample, in sex or race strata, or in other prespecified subgroups (participants with renal dysfunction or diabetes mellitus), except in participants with high blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg). Of the 678 participants with high blood pressure, those with anemia (10.5%) had a 1.79 times greater risk of WMHs worsening (95% confidence interval=1.06–2.98; P for interaction between anemia and high blood pressure=.01) independent of demographics, baseline WMHs, cardiovascular risk factors and comorbidities, medications, renal function, inflammation, and incident stroke (logistic regression models). There was no greater risk in participants with anemia with normal blood pressure.CONCLUSION: Anemia may contribute to worsening of WMHs in older adults with high blood pressure.
Tests of Muscle Strength and Physical Function: Reliability and Discrimination of Performance in Younger and Older Men and Older Men with Mobility Limitations
Authors: LeBrasseur Nathan K. , Bhasin Shalender , Miciek Renee , Storer Thomas W. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To compare the reliability of muscle strength and physical function measures in younger and older men.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Academic research center.PARTICIPANTS: Thirty younger men, 31 older men, and 39 older men with mobility limitations.MEASUREMENTS: Test–retest measures of one repetition maximum (1 RM), unloaded and loaded 50‐m walk and stair climb, and a lift‐and‐lower task. Reliability was assessed using intraclass correlation (ICC) analysis and the Bland‐Altman method.RESULTS: Leg and chest press 1 RM measures identified significant differences between the groups, exhibited excellent test–retest reliability in younger men, older men, and older men with mobility limitations (ICCs=0.946–0.994) and minimal bias between Trials 1 and 2 (Bland‐Altman=improvement of 21.1 and 1.1 N for leg and chest press, respectively). Test–retest measures of the time to walk 50 m and climb 12 steps also demonstrated excellent agreement (ICCs=0.980–0.988 and 0.942–992, respectively) and minimal bias (Bland‐Altman=0.755–1.007 and 0.141–0.361 seconds faster, respectively). When a subject repeated these measures carrying a modest load, ICCs remained greater than 0.940, bias was similar, and the tests better discriminated between the groups. The lift‐and‐lower measure demonstrated excellent agreement (ICCs=0.925–0.947) and minimal bias (1.4–2.9 more shelves) and revealed significant differences between groups.CONCLUSION: Measures of muscle strength and physical function can be performed in younger men, older men, and older men with mobility limitations with high reliability. In future clinical trials, more‐challenging measures of performance may better discriminate between higher‐functioning study participants.
Risk Factors for Fracture Following a Fall Among Older People in Residential Care Facilities in Australia
Authors: Chen Jian Sheng , Simpson Judy M. , March Lyn M. , Cameron Ian D. , Cumming Robert G. , Lord Stephen R. , Seibel Markus J. , Sambrook Philip N. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To investigate which factors best predict whether a fall will result in a fracture.DESIGN: Prospective cohort.SETTING: Residential care facilities.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand three hundred forty‐two older men and women (mean age 86.0) who had a fall.MEASUREMENTS: Clinical risk factors and bone fragility by calcaneus broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA) were assessed at baseline, and falls and fall‐related fractures were recorded for up to 2 years. All fractures were validated using X‐ray reports.RESULTS: During a median follow‐up of 1.97 years, 6,646 falls resulted in 308 fractures. Fracture rates were 6.7, 4.8, and 3.1 per 100 falls for BUA in the lowest (10.5–39.7 dB/MHz), middle (39.8–58.9 dB/MHz), and highest (≥58.9dB/MHz) tertiles, respectively. In multivariate analysis, the odds ratio for any fracture was 1.17 (95% confidence interval=1.08–1.27; P<.001) for every 10‐dB/MHz reduction in BUA. Other significant risk factors in the model were lower weight, longer leg length, better balance, no severe cognitive impairment, intermediate care residence, lack of a history of falls in the previous year, and a history of fracture since age 50. For hip fracture, the only significant risk factors were lower weight, longer leg length, intermediate care residence, and lack of falls history.CONCLUSION: Important risk factors for whether a fracture occurs immediately after a fall include direct measures of bone fragility and a number of anthropometric and clinical factors that may increase or attenuate the mechanical impact of a fall. By identifying those at highest risk of fracture after a fall, these findings should have important implications for fracture prevention strategies.
Depression and Disability: Comparisons with Common Physical Conditions in the Ibadan Study of Aging
Authors: Gureje Oye , Ademola Adedotun , Olley Benjamin O. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To compare the effects of depression and chronic physical conditions on disability in elderly persons.SETTING: Yoruba‐speaking areas of Nigeria.DESIGN: Interviews.PATICIPANTS: Community‐dwelling persons aged 65 and older.METHOD: Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with a representative sample of community‐dwelling persons aged 65 and older (N=2,152) in the Yoruba‐speaking areas of Nigeria (representing ∼22% of the national population). Major depressive disorder (MDD) was assessed using the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview. Chronic pain and medical disorders were assessed using self‐report. Disorder‐specific disability was evaluated using the Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS).RESULTS: MDD was highly comorbid with each of the medical conditions (odds ratio range 1.3–2.0). A higher proportion of persons with MDD (47.2%) were rated severely disabled globally than those with arthritis (20.6%), chronic spinal pain (24.2%), or high blood pressure (25.0%). Subjects with MDD were also more likely to be severely disabled in three of the four domains of the SDS. In pair‐wise comparisons, persons with MDD had significantly higher levels of disability than those with any of the disorders, with differences in mean scores ranging between −3.74 and −27.50.CONCLUSION: To reduce the public health burden of depression, its prevention and treatment require more clinical and research attention than currently given by developing countries.
The Consent and Prescription Compliance (COPRECO) Study: Does Obtaining Consent in the Emergency Department Affect Study Results in a Telephone Follow‐up Study of Medication Compliance?
Authors: Campbell Samuel G. , McCarvill Erin M. , Magee Kirk D. , Cajee Ismail , Crawford Megan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractObjectives:  The objectives were to determine whether mandated research requirements for consent in the emergency department (ED) falsely distorts the results of a survey of patient‐reported compliance with ED prescriptions and, in addition, to ascertain the level of patient compliance to medication instructions and find out the degree of displeasure expressed by patients called without prior consent.Methods:  Patients given new prescriptions for a medicine to be taken regularly over a period of less than 30 days were eligible. A convenience sample of eligible patients was randomized to having consent obtained during their ED visit or at the time of telephone follow‐up. Patients were called 7–10 days after their ED visit to determine their compliance with the prescription. Compliance rates between the two groups were compared, as was the prevalence of displeasure expressed by patients called without prior consent.Results:  Of 430 enrolled patients, 221 were randomized to receive ED consent for telephone follow‐up, and 209 received telephone follow‐up without prior ED consent. Telephone follow‐up was successful in 318 patients (74%). The rate of noncompliance was slightly higher in the group without ED consent, 74/149 (50%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 41% to 58%) than the group who gave ED consent for telephone follow‐up, 67/169 (40%; 95% CI = 32% to 42%; p = 0.07). Among the two groups, 141/318 (44%) did not fill the prescription (n = 42) or took it incorrectly (n = 99). Only 1 (0.7%) of the 149 patients with successful telephone follow‐up without prior ED consent expressed displeasure at this telephone call.Conclusions:  Medicine noncompliance is a significant issue for patients discharged from the ED in this study. Although there was a trend toward greater compliance in patients who consented to the follow‐up call, this did not reach statistical significance. ED patients do not object to receiving telephone follow‐up for a research survey without giving prior consent.
Decreased Srcasm expression in hyperproliferative cutaneous lesions
Authors: Meulener Marc C. , Ayli Elias E. , Elenitsas Rosalie , Seykora John T. 
Published: September 2008

Background:  Src‐family tyrosine kinases (SFKs) are signaling proteins that regulate keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Src‐activating and signaling molecule (Srcasm) is a recently identified molecule that downregulates SFK activity and promotes keratinocyte differentiation. To determine if Srcasm expression correlates with keratinocyte differentiation, we characterized the level of Srcasm expression in some cutaneous lesions that exhibit increased keratinocyte proliferation.Methods:  Formalin‐fixed sections of randomly selected seborrheic keratoses (SKs) and basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) were analyzed for Srcasm and Ki‐67 immunohistochemical staining. Anti‐Srcasm and anti‐Ki‐67 stainings were performed in parallel.Results:  All SKs displayed decreased Srcasm staining in areas comprised of basaloid keratinocytes that exhibited an increased Ki‐67 index. Higher Srcasm staining levels were detected near pseudohorn cysts where keratinocytes exhibited a lower Ki‐67 index. All multicentric and nodular BCCs displayed a prominent loss of Srcasm staining in association with a marked increase in Ki‐67 staining.Conclusions:  Our results support the hypothesis that Srcasm protein levels are decreased in the hyperproliferative keratinocytes found in SKs and BCCs. Increased Srcasm protein levels are detected in keratinocytes undergoing differentiation. Decreased Srcasm levels may be part of the pathophysiologic mechanism in cutaneous lesions, exhibiting keratinocyte hyperproliferation.
Clusterin expression in cutaneous CD30‐positive lymphoproliferative disorders and their histologic simulants
Authors: Olsen Stephen H. , Ma Linglei , Schnitzer Bertram , Fullen Douglas R. 
Published: September 2008

Background:  Clusterin is a ubiquitous 80 kDa heterodimeric glycoprotein previously shown to be expressed on tumor cells of systemic and, to a lesser extent, primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC‐ALCL). Lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP), an important differential diagnosis of ALCL, has been studied for clusterin expression in only a small number of cases. The aim of this study was to compare clusterin immunostaining patterns in LyP and other cutaneous histologic simulants with those of PC‐ALCL.Methods:  Formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of PC‐ALCL (6), LyP (20), mycosis fungoides with large cell transformation (MF‐LCT, 12), pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA, 12), arthropod bite reaction (ABR, 12) and lymphomatoid reactions (LR, 9) were immunostained for clusterin and evaluated for staining pattern and distribution. All diagnoses were made with clinicopathologic correlation.Results:  Characteristic dot‐like Golgi staining was identified in 10/20 LyP (50%), 4/6 PC‐ALCL (67%) and 9/12 MF‐LCT (75%). Two of 12 PLEVA (17%), 1 of 12 ABR (8%) and 2 of 8 LR (25%) had lymphocytes (< 25%) with diffuse cytoplasmic staining. Dermal dendritic cells stained strongly for clusterin. High background staining occurred in some cases.Conclusion:  Clusterin immunostaining does not reliably distinguish between LyP, PC‐ALCL or MF‐LCT, but could distinguish LyP from its reactive histologic simulants.
Relationship of immunohistochemistry scores of altered p53 protein expression in relation to patient’s habits and histological grades and stages of squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Bukhari Mulazim H. , Niazi Shahida , Chaudhry Naseer A. 
Published: September 2008

Background:  p53 mutations are etiologically associated with the development of squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) or with exposure to specific carcinogens. The study was conducted to examine the relationship of immunohistochemistry (IHC) scores between altered p53 protein expression in relation to patient’s habits and histological grades and stages of SCC.Materials and Methods:  IHC scores of p53 protein expression were determined and correlated on 100 biopsies from patients with matched habits, age, sex and site including 20 normal skin and 80 SCC samples of various grades and stages.Results:  A good association of p53 expression was seen among smokers and betel quid (BQ) users. As compared with normal skin (2.45 ± 1.26), the SCC sample showed a significant rise in IHC scores for p53 protein expression, with transitions from SCC in situ to well‐differentiated SCC to moderately differentiated SCC to poorly differentiated SCC (27.5 ± 2.7, 41.2 ± 5.8, 42.83 ± 5.26 and 71.05 ± 13.3, respectively). Finally, IHC scores for p53 expression were found to be related to histological grading and staging of SCC (r = 0.9322, r = 0.863, p < 0.0001 and p < 0.5).Conclusion:  IHC scores of altered p53 protein expression are closely related to the habits of the patients and histological grades and stages of SCC. ‘This relationship may be accounted for by the facts that smoking and use of BQ may induce an alteration to p53 that, in turn, may lead to the development and progression of SCC’.
Maternal parity affects neonatal survival rate in a colony of captive bred baboons (Papio hamadryas)
Authors: Sunderland Neroli , Heffernan Scott , Thomson Sally , Hennessy Annemarie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground  Non‐human primates, particularly baboons, are valuable as animal models for reproductive research, because of their similarity to humans. Knowledge of colony‐specific pregnancy and neonatal outcomes is essential for interpretation of such research. Methods  A retrospective review of the reproductive records of the Australian National Baboon Colony (ANBC) from 1994 to 2006 was performed.Results  The overall live birth rate was over 70% of recognized pregnancies. Pregnancy loss was due to equal proportions of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth, and was not affected by maternal age or parity. Stillbirth rates were increased by the use of animals in novel late pregnancy experimental protocols. Neonatal mortality rates were low overall, but significantly higher in primiparous compared with multiparous mothers (P < 0.05). There were no cases of maternal mortality.Conclusions  The success of the ANBC breeding programme is demonstrated by the low rate of pregnancy loss, high neonatal survival rate and lack of maternal mortality.
Circadian and age‐related changes in stress responsiveness of the adrenal cortex and erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes in female rhesus monkeys
Authors: Goncharova Nadezhda D. , Shmaliy Alla V. , Marenin Victor Y. , Smelkova Sophia A. , Lapin Boris A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground  The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of the adrenal cortex in the regulation of antioxidant enzyme defense and to characterize this regulation in different age periods.Methods  Five young and five old female rhesus monkeys were subjected to 2 hours squeeze cage restraint stress at 0900 or 1500 hours. Plasma levels of corticosteroids and activities of erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes were measured before the stress and 30, 60, 120, 240 minutes after beginning of the stress.Results  Young monkeys showed a circadian rhythm in stress responsiveness as measured by corticosteroids and glutathione reductase. The rhythm was attenuated in old animals. Age‐related changes in the overall level of response to the afternoon stress were also seen in the corticosteroid and glutathione reductase measures.Conclusions  The study demonstrated that corticosteroids play an essential role in the regulation of antioxidant enzyme defense in stress conditions and that the reliability of their regulation decreases with age.
Pathology of the male baboon (Papio spp.) urogenital system
Authors: Venkatesan Ramasamy , Dick Edward J. , Hubbard Gene B. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground  Comprehensive reports on male baboon urogenital pathology are not available.Methods  We performed a retrospective study of 2246 male baboon necropsy records over 19 years.Results  A total of 289 urogenital lesions were diagnosed in 197 (8.8%) baboons. The most frequently affected organs in decreasing order were kidney, testicle, urinary bladder, penis and prepuce, seminal vesicle, ureter, and prostate. Lesions were rare in the urethra, scrotum, and epididymis. The most common diagnoses in decreasing order were nephritis, urinary bladder cystitis, nephrocalcinosis, pyelonephritis, renal cysts, renal amyloidosis, testicular atrophy, penile/preputial dermatitis, hydronephrosis, orchitis/testicular abscess, glomerulonephritis, renal hemorrhage, hypospadia, nephrosis, renal infarct, hypospermia/aspermia, seminal vesicle mineralization, and hydroureter. We also report six cases of hypospadia, the first report in the baboon.Conclusions  The male baboon has a low incidence of urogenital disease and renal disease is the most common malady. The role of herpesvirus papio 2 needs further study.
An oro‐facial disease ‘noma (cancrum oris)’ in a Japanese monkey (Macaca fuscata): clinical signs, clinicopathological features, and response to treatment
Authors: Kimura T. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground  A Japanese monkey developed severe oro‐facial lesions that were called noma in humans. Although extensive destruction of both the buccal regions occurred with rapid progress, author successfully treated the lesions with povidone‐iodine, enrofloxacin, chymotrypsin, a glycyrrhizin preparation, and a basic fibroblast growth factor.Methods  Author clinicopathologically investigated this disease during the treatment.Results  In the subcutaneous and muscular tissues, the lesions developed characteristic changes such as dissolving collagen fibers and muscular tissues phagocytosed by giant and epitheloid cells. The monkey showed a notable increase in creatine kinase activities. The present examinations revealed severe invasive findings in muscular tissues, which were accompanied by infections of β‐hemolytic streptococcus Group C. This monkey was negative for simian immunodeficiency virus antibody; however, infection with simian D retrovirus was not ruled out.Conclusions  Simian noma was a rapidly devastating disease, which destroyed the muscle tissues of oro‐facial structure. Nonhuman primates are the only species that develop oro‐facial lesions, corresponding to noma in humans.
Relationship of food frequencies as reported by parents to overweight and obesity at 5 years
Authors: Huus Karina , Brekke Hilde K. , Ludvigsson Jonas F. , Ludvigsson Johnny 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim: To investigate if food frequencies are related to overweight/obesity in 5‐year‐old children.Methods: During 1997–1999, 21 700 infants were invited to participate in ABIS (All Babies in Southeast Sweden), a prospective, cohort study. Participants were followed from birth (n = 16 058) to 5 years (n = 7356). Food frequencies reported by parents at 2.5 and 5 years were studied in the relation to overweight/obesity at 5 years using multiple logistic regressions. A p‐value < 0.01 was considered statistically significant.Results: At 2.5 years frequencies of intake of cheese were positively associated with overweight/obesity at 5 years while porridge, fried potatoes/french fries and cream/crème fraiche showed a negative association. When adjusting for known risk factors, porridge and fried potatoes/french fries remained negatively associated with overweight/obesity. At 5 years, chocolate and lemonade were positively associated with overweight/obesity whereas cream/crème fraiche, pastries and candy were negatively associated. Candy remained negatively associated to overweight/obesity after adjustment for potential confounders.Conclusion: Food frequencies do not offer any simple explanation for overweight/obesity. Porridge at 2.5 years may protect against overweight/obesity at 5 years, while lemonade may contribute to overweight. Our finding that fried potatoes/french fries may protect against overweight/obesity is unexpected and must be interpreted with caution. These findings should be confirmed by prospective studies using objective recordings.
Visual impairment is common in children born before 25 gestational weeks—boys are more vulnerable than girls
Authors: Jacobson Lena , Hård Anna‐Lena , Horemuzova Eva , Hammarén Hannah , Hellström Ann 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Children born extremely preterm have high risk of visual impairment due to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and cerebral lesions.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of ROP and visual impairment as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO), with respect to gender in two hospital‐based groups of children born at the limit of viability.Patients and methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted for all children (n = 114), born before 25 gestational weeks and screened for ROP at Karolinska hospital in Stockholm and Sahlgrenska hospital in Gothenburg between 1990 and 2002. Maximal ROP stages, treatment for ROP and visual acuity (VA), with correction when needed at latest available visit, were recorded.Results: Altogether 97.4% had ROP, 74.6% developed proliferative disease (stage ≥ 3) and 63.2% were treated with retinal ablation. Normal VA (≥0.8) in at least one eye was found in 50.5% of all and in significantly more girls (61.5%) than boys (34.8%) (p = 0.006), while visual impairment (VA < 0.33) was more common in boys (32.6%) than in girls (9.2%) (p = 0.004).Conclusion: A large proportion of children, especially boys, born at the level of viability are visually impaired with low vision or blindness. Development of preventive measures is urgent.
Association of IL‐6 gene polymorphism with the outcome of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Czech patients
Authors: Ambruzova Z. , Mrazek F. , Raida L. , Faber E. , Onderkova J. , Kriegova E. , Indrak K. , Petrek M. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryInterleukin‐6 (IL‐6) is an important pro‐inflammatory mediator implicated in immune‐mediated complications of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (aHSCT). In accord with previous reports, this preliminary study on 56 donor–recipient pairs revealed IL‐6‐174 single nucleotide polymorphisms as a risk factor for the development of acute graft‐versus‐host disease and decreased survival after aHSCT.