bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs Assessment Survey to Justify Establishing a Reproductive Health Clinic at a Comprehensive Cancer Center
Authors: Huyghe Eric , Sui Dawen , Odensky Evan , Schover Leslie R. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Reproductive health problems, including sexual dysfunction and impaired fertility, are distressing and persistent after cancer treatment. However, recent reports suggest that reproductive health remains neglected in oncology settings.

Aims
We conducted a survey to ascertain the prevalence of reproductive health problems in men and women treated in a comprehensive cancer center, and to estimate potential usage of clinical services to preserve fertility or to treat postcancer infertility and sexual dysfunction.

Methods
We mailed 800 questionnaires to men and women treated for cancer at our institution 1 to 5 years previously. Cancer sites and ages were chosen to maximize the risk of reproductive problems. We stratified the sample by living distance from our institution, to see if travel affected service utlilization. To provide a self-selected sample for comparison, another 200 questionnaires were made available in outpatient areas.

Main Outcome Measures
Self-report questionnaire.

Results
The return rate for the combined surveys was 29% for men and 26% for women. Cancer sites for self-selected respondents were almost identical to those in the postal cohort. Prevalence and types of sexual dysfunction were typical for surveys of cancer survivors, with 49% of men reporting new erection problems after cancer treatment and 45% of women noting loss of desire for sex and vaginal dryness. About a third of patients aged less than 50 years would have liked a fertility consultation before cancer treatment. Twenty to thirty percent wanted more information about premature ovarian failure or health risks for their children. Twenty-four percent of men and 21% of women would definitely want to visit a reproductive health clinic in the next year. Factors associated with wanting an appointment included self-selection to complete the survey and, for men, having less education.

Conclusion
It should be feasible to establish a multidisciplinary reproductive health center in a comprehensive cancer center.
Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Associated Stuttering Priapism: Report of a Case
Authors: Finley David S. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Aim
Stuttering priapism is an uncommon form of recurrent priapism whose etiology if often unknown. To date, there has been one report of a patient with stuttering priapism and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Herein we describe the second-known case of recurrent priapism in a patient with G6PD deficiency. The pathophysiology of G6PD deficiency and its potential to cause priapism is reviewed.

Methods
A case report is described of a 29-year-old African-American man with G6PD deficiency who presented with numerous episodes of recurrent ischemic priapism. Clinical data was reviewed.

Results
Despite medical management with gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, an antiandrogen, and baclofen, he required several surgical procedures which also ultimately failed. A continuous phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor (PDE5) was started and the patient had no recurrences at 3-month follow-up.

Conclusion
Idiopathic recurrent priapism may be explained by underlying hemolytic anemia associated with G6PD deficiency. Several possible mechanisms exist to explain this association, including hyperviscosity, direct endothelial dysfunction secondary to bare hemoglobin vasculotoxicity, and relative nitric oxide deficiency causing vasoconstriction and vascular smooth muscle proliferation.
Activation of the ET-1/ETA Pathway Contributes to Erectile Dysfunction Associated with Mineralocorticoid Hypertension
Authors: Carneiro Fernando S. , Nunes Kênia P. , Giachini Fernanda R.C. , Lima Victor V. , Carneiro Zidonia N. , Nogueira Edson F. , Leite Romulo , Ergul Adviye , Rainey William E. , Clinton Webb R. , Tostes Rita C. 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACTIntroductionThe cavernosal tissue is highly responsive to endothelin-1 (ET-1), and penile smooth muscle cells not only respond to but also synthesize ET-1.AimConsidering that ET-1 is directly involved in end-organ damage in salt-sensitive forms of hypertension, we hypothesized that activation of the ET-1/ETA receptor pathway contributes to erectile dysfunction (ED) associated with mineralocorticoid hypertension.MethodsWistar rats were uninephrectomized and submitted to deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt treatment for 5 weeks. Control (Uni [uninephrectomized control]) animals were uninephrectomized and given tap water. Uni and DOCA-salt rats were simultaneously treated with vehicle or atrasentan (ETA receptor antagonist, 5 mg/Kg/day). Cavernosal reactivity to ET-1, phenylephrine (PE), ETB receptor agonist (IRL-1620) and electric field stimulation (EFS) were evaluated in vitro. Expression of ROCKα, ROCKβ, myosin phosphatase target subunit 1 (MYPT-1), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) were evaluated by western blot analysis. ET-1 and ETA receptor mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Voltage-dependent increase in intracavernosal pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICP/MAP) was used to evaluate erectile function in vivo.Main Outcome MeasureETA receptor blockade prevents DOCA-salt-associated ED.ResultsCavernosal strips from DOCA-salt rats displayed augmented preproET-1 expression, increased contractile responses to ET-1 and decreased relaxation to IRL-1620. Contractile responses induced by EFS and PE were enhanced in cavernosal tissues from DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. These functional changes were associated with increased activation of the RhoA/Rho-kinase and ERK 1/2 pathways. Treatment of rats with atrasentan completely prevented changes in cavernosal reactivity in DOCA-salt rats and restored the decreased ICP/MAP, completely preventing ED in DOCA-salt rats.ConclusionsActivation of the ET-1/ETA pathway contributes to mineralocorticoid hypertension-associated ED. ETA receptor blockade may represent an alternative therapeutic approach for ED associated with salt-sensitive hypertension and in pathological conditions where increased levels of ET-1 are present.
Salmonella Infection of a Penile Prosthesis
Authors: Sausville Justin , Gupta Gopal , Forrest Graeme , Chai Toby 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) who have failed oral or intracavernosal erectogenic therapy may benefit from inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) placement. Such individuals commonly include patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal insufficiency. Complications of IPP placement include erosion and infection. Most often, infection of IPPs involves skin flora that are hypothesized to be introduced at the time of device placement and persist as a biofilm, causing clinical infection as a result of failure of containment by host defense mechanisms.

Aim
In this report, we describe a renal transplant patient with a Salmonella infection of an IPP following a diarrheal illness. To our knowledge, this organism has not been implicated in penile prosthesis infection.

Main Outcome Measures
The clinical course of, and microbiological data pertinent to, this patient are summarized. Additionally, a limited literature review was undertaken and is here summarized.

Methods
Retrospective review of medical record documentation.

Results
This patient was found to have a Salmonella infection of his IPP with ensuing device erosion. Following urgent device removal and culture-specific antibiotic therapy, he was discharged from the hospital at his baseline functional status and renal function.

Conclusions
This is the first report of which we are aware in which Salmonella penile prosthesis infection is described. While this man’s immunocompromised status may have made him more vulnerable to device infection, the literature is generally supportive of IPP placement in the transplant population when other modes of ED treatment have failed. Moreover, we postulate a hematogenous mechanism for device seeding in this patient.
The PDE5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Increases Circulating Endothelial Progenitor Cells and CXCR4 Expression
Authors: Foresta Carlo , Toni Luca De , Mambro Antonella Di , Garolla Andrea , Ferlin Alberto , Zuccarello Daniela 
Published: October 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) are a specific subtype of progenitor cells that can be isolated from circulating mononuclear cells, able to migrate from the bone marrow to the peripheral circulation where they contribute to vascular repair. CXC-motif chemochine receptor 4 (CXCR4) receptor seems to play a critical role in this process.

Aim
To assess the effects of sildenafil (a type 5 phosphodiesterase [PDE5] inhibitor) administration in 20 healthy young men.

Methods
Evaluation of CXCR4 expression in circulating EPC before and 4 hours after in vivo administration of 100 mg sildenafil by flow cytometry and colony-forming unit.

Results
We found that sildenafil increases circulating EPC number, the relative expression of CXCR4 on these cells and the ability to generate colonies in vitro.

Conclusions
These data allow us to suppose an involvement of PDE5 in bone marrow release and peripheral homing of EPC.
Enhanced dust emission in the HL Tau disc: a low-mass companion in formation?
Authors: Greaves J. S. , Richards A. M. S. , Rice W. K. M. , Muxlow T. W. B. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We have imaged the disc of the young star HL Tau using the Very Large Array (VLA) at 1.3 cm, with 0.08-arcsec resolution (as small as the orbit of Jupiter). The disc is around half the stellar mass, assuming a canonical gas mass conversion from the measured mass in large dust grains. A simulation shows that such discs are gravitationally unstable, and can fragment at radii of a few tens of au to form planets. The VLA image shows a compact feature in the disc at 65 au radius (confirming the ‘nebulosity’ of Welch et al.), which is interpreted as a localized surface density enhancement representing a candidate protoplanet in its earliest accretion phase. If correct, this is the first image of a low-mass companion object seen together with the parent disc material out of which it is forming. The object has an inferred gas plus dust mass of ≈14 MJupiter, similar to the mass of a protoplanet formed in the simulation. The disc instability may have been enhanced by a stellar flyby: the proper motion of the nearby star XZ Tau shows it could have recently passed the HL Tau disc as close as ∼600 au.
Discovery in IC10 of the farthest known symbiotic star
Authors: Gonçalves Denise R. , Magrini Laura , Munari Ulisse , Corradi Romano L. M. , Costa Roberto D. D. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We report the discovery of the first known symbiotic star in IC10, a starburst galaxy belonging to the Local Group, at a distance of ∼750 kpc. The symbiotic star was identified during a survey of emission-line objects. It shines at V= 24.62 ± 0.04, V−RC= 2.77 ± 0.05 and RC−IC= 2.39 ± 0.02, and suffers from EB−V= 0.85 ± 0.05 reddening. The spectrum of the cool component well matches that of solar neighbourhood M8III giants. The observed emission lines belong to Balmer series, [S ii], [N ii] and [O iii]. They suggest a low electronic density, negligible optical depth effects and 35 000 &lt; Teff &lt; 90 000 K for the ionizing source. The spectrum of the new symbiotic star in IC10 is an almost perfect copy of that of Hen 2-147, a well-known Galactic symbiotic star and Mira.
Optical variability of the ultracool dwarf TVLM 513-46546: evidence for inhomogeneous dust clouds
Authors: Littlefair S. P. , Dhillon V. S. , Marsh T. R. , Shahbaz T. , Martín E. L. , Copperwheat C. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We present multicolour photometry of the M8.5V ultracool dwarf ‘pulsar’ TVLM 513-46546 (hereafter TVLM 513) obtained with the triple-beam photometer ULTRACAM. Data were obtained simultaneously in the Sloan-g′ and Sloan-i′ bands. The previously reported sinusoidal variability, with a period of 2 h, is recovered here. However, the Sloan-g′ and Sloan-i′ light curves are anticorrelated, a fact which is incompatible with the currently proposed starspot explanation for the optical variability. The anticorrelated nature and relative amplitudes of the optical light curves are consistent with the effects of persistent dust clouds rotating on the surface of the star. In the absence of other plausible explanations for the optical variability of TVLM 513, it seems likely that dust cloud coverage combined with the rapid rotation of TVLM 513 is responsible for the optical variability in this object. However, crude modelling of a photosphere with partial dust cloud coverage shows that the anticorrelation can only be reproduced using cooler models than the literature temperature of TVLM 513. We suggest this discrepancy can be removed if more dust is present within the photosphere of TVLM 513 than theoretical model atmospheres predict, though a definitive statement on this matter will require the development of self-consistent models of partially dusty atmospheres.
WHY IS RESERVOIR ARCHITECTURE AN INSIGNIFICANT UNCERTAINTY IN MANY APPRAISAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES OF CLASTIC CHANNELIZED RESERVOIRS?
Authors: Larue D. K. , Hovadik J. 
Published: October 2008

To address uncertainty, models created for appraisal and development studies try to capture the full range of possible rock and fluid properties, and reservoir and structural architecture. Using experimental designs, each parameter can be varied to indicate how uncertainty for the parameter affects the outcome (for example, recovery after 30 years). In numerous models in appraisal and development studies, stratigraphic or reservoir architecture is not recognized as a significant uncertainty. This is a concern for two reasons. First, reservoir architecture is known to be an important parameter influencing oil production. It is puzzling that experimental design studies indicate it is not a significant uncertainty. Second, building geologically realistic earth models can involve months of time and can impact timelines for development projects. If reservoir architecture is in fact a non‐significant uncertainty, perhaps detailed modelling could be postponed. The current study addresses in what situations reservoir architecture is important in appraisal and development studies. Reservoir architecture characteristics considered are net to gross, channel orientation, channel stacking pattern, channel sinuosity, channel width/thickness, type of architectural element, influence of shale units within channel fills, influence of channel drapes at the base of channels, presence of other fades, influence of valley fills, and sheet geometries. Two field characterizations were studied using the same workflow, and results are compared with results of conceptual modelling studies.For studies of recovery uncertainty, it is shown here that models that look to be very different may have similar dynamic performances because of similar reservoir connectivities and path lengths. Moreover, it is shown that the elements of reservoir architecture investigated (channel width/thickness ratio, sinuosity, orientation, thickness, element type) do not control recovery efficiency to a large degree unless reservoir connectivity is impacted. Reservoir architecture may not be an important uncertainty in appraisal and development studies unless reservoir connectivity or tortuosity are affected. Although reservoir architecture may not represent a key uncertainty in appraisal and development studies, it may well be a significant uncertainty for well planning in mature fields.
CONTROLS ON RESERVOIR QUALITY IN THE LOWER TRIASSIC KANGAN FORMATION, SOUTHERN PERSIAN GULF
Authors: Moradpour M. , Zamani Z. , Moallemi S. A. 
Published: October 2008

The Lower Triassic Kangan Formation together with the underlying Upper Permian Dalan Formation forms one of the most important reservoirs for natural gas in the Middle East. The carbonate‐dominated Kangan Formation was studied at a gasfield in the southern Persian Gulf and some 100 m of core were examined at micro‐ and macro scales. Twelve microfaaes were identified. Previous studies have divided the Kangan Formation reservoir into Lower (K2) and Upper (K1) Units. The Lower Kangan can divided into two subunits (K2b and K2a), while three subunits (K1c, K1b and K1a) are recognised in the Upper Kangan.Diagenetic processes have affected reservoir quality in the Kangan Formation in different ways. Processes improving reservoir quality include dissolution, dolomitization and fracturing, while reservoir quality was decreased by cementation, and chemical and mechanical compaction. Micritization and neomorphism have had both positive and negative effects. Fracture development has improved reservoir quality, particularly in dolomitic intervals.
PETROLEUM PROSPECTIVITY OF CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS IN THE GONGOLA BASIN, UPPER BENUE TROUGH, NIGERIA: AN ORGANIC GEOCHEMICAL PERSPECTIVE ON A MIGRATED OIL CONTROVERSY
Authors: Abubakar M. B. , Dike E. F. C. , Obaje N. G. , Wehner H. , Jauro A. 
Published: October 2008

Organic geochemical studies of Cretaceous formations in the Gongola Basin, northern Nigeria, show TOC values that are generally higher than the minimum (0.5 wt %) required for hydrocarbon generation. Data from Rock‐Eval pyrolysis and biomarker studies indicate the presence of both terrestrial and marine derived Types II and III organic matter, which is immature in the Gombe Formation and of marginal maturity in the Yolde Formation. Immature Type III to IV OM is present in the Pindiga Formation; and Type III OM, with a maturity that corresponds to the conventional onset (or perhaps peak) of oil generation occurs in the Bima Formation. However, Bima Formation samples from the 4710 – 4770 ft (1435.6 – 1453.9 m) depth interval within well Nasara‐1 indicate Type I OM of perhaps lacustrine origin (H31R/H30 ratio generally ≤0.25).Although the Nasara‐1 well was reported to be dry, geochemical parameters (high TOCs, S1, S2 and Hls, low Tmax compared to adjacent samples, a bimodal S2 peak on the Rock‐Eval pyrogram, a dominance of fluorinite macerals), together with generally low H3IR/H30 biomarker ratios within the 4710–4770 ft (1435.6–1453.9 m) interval, suggest the presence of migrated oil, perhaps sourced by lacustrine shales in the Albian Bima Formation located at as‐yet unpenetrated depths.The presence of the migrated oil in the Bima Formation and its possible lacustrine origin suggest that the petroleum system in the Gongola Basin is similar to that of the Termit, Doba and Doseo Basins of the Chad Republic, where economic oil reserves have been encountered.
Knowledge and Practical Reason
Authors: Brown Jessica 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt has become recently popular to suggest that knowledge is the epistemic norm of practical reasoning and that this provides an important constraint on the correct account of knowledge, one which favours subject‐sensitive invariantism over contextualism and classic invariantism. I argue that there are putative counterexamples to both directions of the knowledge norm. Even if the knowledge norm can be defended against these counterexamples, I argue that it is a delicate issue whether it is true, one which relies on fine distinctions among a variety of relevant notions of propriety which our intuitions may reflect. These notions variously apply to the agent herself, her character traits, her beliefs, her reasoning and any resultant action. Given the delicacy of these issues, I argue that the knowledge norm is not a fixed point from which to defend substantive and controversial views in epistemology. Rather, these views need to be defended on other grounds.
Preliminary analysis of the social structure of killer whales, Orcinus orca, at subantarctic Marion Island
Authors: Tosh Cheryl A. , De Bruyn P. J. Nico , Bester Marthán N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractStudies of social differentiation between populations of killer whales (Orcinus orca) are important due to the cosmopolitan nature of the species, both in terms of distribution and feeding habits. The following research provides preliminary findings describing the social structure of the killer whale, Orcinus orca, population at subantarctic Marion Island. We provide evidence for consistent, observable patterns of social interactions with animals associating and disassociating in nonrandom patterns. We show that the social structure of this population may follow a new pattern of association, displaying a blend of the traditional resident/transient model displayed in the Northern Hemisphere. However, we emphasize the critical need for further studies related to the sociality, biology, and life history of Southern Ocean killer whales.
Circadian and seasonal rhythms in the behavior of spinner dolphins (Stenella longirostris)
Authors: Silva Flávio José de Lima , Da Silva Jr José Martins 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated both circadian and seasonal fluctuations in the daytime activities of the spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, from the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in Brazil. The number of dolphins, and aerial, and reproductive activities were documented. The observations were carried out from January 1997 to December 2001. Temporal series and rhythmic characteristics (mesor, rhythmic percentage, and acrophase) were obtained by COSINOR analysis and later compared. The dolphins entered the bay in the morning, displayed aerial and reproductive activities during daytime, and left the bay in late afternoon to the open ocean. This study indicated that the rainy season affected the three behaviors investigated decreasing the rhythms parameter and advancing the beginning of these activities. The number of individuals was higher during the dry season and the animals stayed longer inside the bay. During the dry season, there was a bimodal expression of aerial activity, expressing a longer use of the temporal niche than in the rainy season. The phases with high frequencies of aerial activity seemed associated with those showing high reproductive activity, both with peak frequencies at about 0800. The results represent an important contribution to the advancement of chronobiological studies, and to the biology of cetaceans, considering that the existence of circadian and seasonal rhythms was proven in the behavior of spinner dolphins in an area of the SW Atlantic. Moreover, it allows restricting periods of the day for the activities of tourism as a form of minimizing the impacts of the boats on the dolphins.