bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMPROVED BALLOON‐TIPPED TRANS‐ANAL ILEUS TUBE
Authors: Inoue Nobuyuki , Nagaike Kouji , Ishihara Shinichi , Nakamura Mitsuhiko , Kuroshima Toshio 
Published: February 2006

Background:  For management of bowel obstruction due to colorectal cancer, endoscopic trans‐anal decompression technique has been first reported by Lelcuk et al. in 1986 using balloon dilatation technique. Since then, various types of trans‐anal decompression tubes have been clinically used for patients suffering from left side obstructing colorectal cancer as an emergent decompressing device. At present, two types of trans‐anal ileus tube (trans‐anal decompression tube) have been available for clinical use, but they have two main problems that are late colon perforations caused by the tip of the tube and tube obstruction by stool.Methods:  Analysis on three late colon perforations experienced with the use of conventional devices drew possible improvements to make a trans‐anal ileus tube less harmful. To overcome the pitfalls inherent to conventional tubes, the author has developed an improved trans‐anal ileus tube with a balloon installed at the very end of the tube (‘balloon‐tipped type’) made of silicone, measuring 1200 or 1700 mm in total length and 22 Fr in outer diameter. It has been used for 12 cases with obstructing colorectal cancer etc. and its outcomes were compared with those obtained by the use of conventional trans‐anal ileus tube.Results:  No late perforations have been encountered, but tube obstruction did occur in one of 12 cases.Conclusion:  The new trans‐anal ileus tube with a balloon installed at the tip of ileus tube is considered to be safer and especially effective in preventing late colon perforation and tube obstruction.
Acquired long QT syndrome and elective anesthesia in children
Authors: CURRY TIMOTHY B. , GAVER RENEE , WHITE ROGER D. 
Published: February 2006

SummaryWe present the case of a child who had had a previous episode of torsades de pointes (TdP) and who was scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia. The pathophysiology of this condition and the anesthesia concerns are discussed. An 8‐year‐old male with a history of osteogenic sarcoma had undergone an uneventful limb salvage procedure 2 years earlier. During a subsequent admission to the hospital, he had had a cardiopulmonary arrest with complete recovery. Telemetry electrocardiogram (ECG) rhythm recordings obtained during the event showed TdP that degenerated into ventricular fibrillation, which then terminated spontaneously. On a subsequent ECG, the QTc interval was 694 ms. The prolonged QT interval was attributed to homeopathic use of cesium chloride supplements and the QT interval normalized after cesium was stopped. He presented for an elective procedure and, with an anesthetic plan that emphasized medications without known effect on the QT interval, had an uneventful perioperative course. The optimal anesthesia plan for patients with prolonged QT or those suspected to be at risk for prolongation of the QT interval has not been well described. Available evidence suggests that using total intravenous anesthesia with propofol may be the safest and was used uneventfully in this case. Additionally, this case emphasizes the need to inquire about the use of supplements and naturopathic medications, even in children, that may have life‐threatening side effects or interactions with anesthetic agents.
Incorporating uncertainty in spatial structure for viability predictions: a case study of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus californianus)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Suarez M. , McCluney K. E. , Aurioles D. , Gerber L. R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn recent years, population viability analysis has become a popular tool to assess the relative risk of extinction among populations. Viability estimates for spatially structured populations require movement data that are often unavailable. In this paper, a diffusion approximation model was used to explore the effects of different spatial scenarios resulting from assumptions about movement rates. Census data for 13 breeding islands occupied by California sea lions Zalophus californianus californianus in the Gulf of California were used to explore three potential scenarios: unlimited movement between sites (panmictic population), limited movement (several clusters of populations) and no movement between islands (isolated islands). Predicted viability estimates were different for each scenario, but contrary to expectations, the mean extinction risk estimates were generally lowest when movement was unlimited (panmictic scenario). However, despite an extensive dataset, the confidence of the viability predictions for each scenario was low. In some cases, uncertainty in predictions within a scenario was greater than differences between scenarios. Therefore, it is recommended that in situations where movement rates and spatial structure are unknown, extinction risk estimates should reflect both the confidence intervals for each risk estimate and the uncertainty resulting from different spatial scenarios. This study also provides the first estimate of population viability (considering spatial structure) for California sea lions in the Gulf of California and an evaluation of population status based on the IUCN criteria for species listing.
Screening of ESTs from Septoria musiva (teleomorph Mycosphaerella populorum) for detection of SSR and PCR–RFLP markers
Authors: FEAU NICOLAS , JACOBI VOLKER , HAMELIN RICHARD C. , BERNIER LOUIS 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe development of an expressed sequence tag (EST) collection for the poplar pathogen Septoria musiva presented an opportunity for the development of locus‐specific polymorphic markers. Five microsatellites simple sequence repeat (SSR) and six polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers were identified and tested on three S. musiva populations collected in the north‐central and northeastern regions of North America. The results obtained support previously published random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) data.
Polymorphic microsatellite markers for endangered spotted suslik, Spermophilus suslicus
Authors: GONDEK ALEKSANDRA , VERDUIJN MARIJE , WOLFF KIRSTEN 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSpotted suslik Spermophilus suslicus is one of the most endangered mammal species in Poland. Over the last 50 years, it lost more than 90% of its populations and about 70% of its individuals. In order to establish a conservation and reintroduction program, the knowledge of population structure of the species is crucial. We have developed nine polymorphic microsatellite loci to analyse the population structure. Six of the primer sets also amplify polymorphic markers in the European suslik Spermophilus citellus.
Isolation and characterization of five dinucleotide microsatellite loci in the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus
Authors: PORTNOY D. S. , MCDOWELL J. R. , THOMPSON K. , MUSICK J. A. , GRAVES J. E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFive dinucleotide markers were isolated and optimized from a microsatellite‐enriched genomic library obtained from the sandbar shark, Carcharhinus plumbeus. Genotypic distributions of all markers were found to be in conformance with the expectations of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with four to 39 alleles present per locus. We amplified these loci in two female sharks and their litters. A maternal allele was recovered at each locus in all progeny indicating reliable amplification. More than two paternal alleles were recovered across both litters indicating genetic polyandry. Additionally, these markers were amplified across 10 carcharhiniform species to examine their utility in other studies.
The D category VI type 4 allele is prevalent in the Spanish population
Authors: Esteban Rosa , Montero Rosa , Flegel Willy A. , Wagner Franz F. , Subirana Laia , Parra Rafael , Ribera Anna , Nogués Núria 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  The D category VI (DVI) is one of the clinically most important partial D. Three different molecular structures causing the DVI phenotype have been described.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  To determine the molecular basis of the DVI phenotype in the Spanish population, 20 DVI samples, previously detected in serologic screening, were examined by polymerase chain reaction with RHD exon–specific primers. Unexpected findings were further pursued by cDNA nucleotide sequencing.RESULTS:  A novel pattern of RHD exon amplification was detected, which did not correspond to any of the previously described molecular structures. The cDNA sequence led to the identification of the new hybrid RHD‐Ce(3‐5)‐D allele. The origin of exon 2 is undeterminable, because the 5′ breakpoint was located within a region of RHD and RHCE identical sequence, which encompasses this exon. Sequencing of intron 5 allowed the 3′ breakpoint to be mapped between the sixth and seventh polymorphic sites. Serologically, the hybrid protein has a D epitope expression pattern identical to the previously described DVI phenotypes and an antigen density slightly lower than DVI type 3. The new DVI variant is linked to the DCe haplotype and expresses the low‐incidence BARC antigen.CONCLUSION:  A novel structure causing the DVI phenotype, here named DVI type 4, has been characterized. This novel structure is the most frequent cause of DVI in Spain.
A high‐resolution, double‐labeling method for the study of in vivo red blood cell aging
Authors: Gifford Sean C. , Yoshida Tatsuro , Shevkoplyas Sergey S. , Bitensky Mark W. 
Published: February 2006

BACKGROUND:  Red blood cell (RBC) senescence is a process that has received considerable study, yet remains poorly understood. This has been primarily due to the difficulty in isolating a RBC cohort of narrowly distributed, well‐defined age. Biotin labeling has previously been used to produce an identifiable cell cohort of known mean age; however, the variability of RBC age within the cohort is relatively large for most of its existence. Treatments typically employed on animal subjects to reduce this variability can perturb erythropoiesis and result in abnormal RBC aging.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  The objective of this study was to improve on the traditional in vivo biotinylation method by introducing a chemically distinct, second labeling step. In this case, digoxigenin was used to label cells 1 to 2 days before the injection of biotin.RESULTS:  It was shown, in the rat, that two identifiable subpopulations of labeled RBCs can be followed over time: a broad, double‐labeled cohort and a narrow, single‐labeled cohort, the latter consisting of only those cells created between the first and second labeling steps. The utility of this technique was demonstrated by observing the age‐dependent exposure of phosphatidylserine in the single‐labeled RBCs.CONCLUSION:  Its capacity to generate a cohort of narrowly distributed age, without the adverse effects associated with animal treatment, should make this a useful method for the study of RBC senescence.
Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis subgingival presence, species‐specific serum immunoglobulin G antibody levels, and periodontitis disease recurrence
Authors: Rams T. E. , Listgarten M. A. , Slots J. 
Published: February 2006

Background and Objective:  The biological and clinical effects of antibody against periodontal pathogenic bacteria are incompletely understood. This study evaluated the inter‐relationships among periodontal levels of cultivable Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis, species‐specific serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody levels, and periodontitis disease activity.Material and Methods:  Forty‐three adults who had previously been treated for periodontitis and who also harbored cultivable A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis were evaluated semiannually for clinical disease recurrence over a 36‐month period. Each patient provided subgingival microbial samples, for the recovery of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis, from the two deepest pockets in each dentition sextant. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis serum IgG antibody levels were assessed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), together with whole‐cell sonicate extracts from A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a–c and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. Data were analyzed using the Mantel–Haenszel chi‐square and Fisher exact two‐tailed tests.Results:  Eighteen (60.0%) of 30 A. actinomycetemcomitans‐positive subjects, and 10 (76.9%) of 13 P. gingivalis‐positive subjects, exhibited recurrent periodontal breakdown within 36 months of periodontal therapy. Nineteen (67.9%) of the 28 patients with active periodontitis had A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serum antibody levels below designated threshold values. In comparison, 10 (66.7%) of 15 culture‐positive clinically stable subjects showed A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis serum antibody levels above threshold values. The difference between specific antibody levels in periodontitis‐active and periodontitis‐stable patients was statistically significant (p = 0.032).Conclusions:  Serum levels of IgG antibodies against A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis in periodontitis‐stable patients were higher than those in patients with active periodontitis. The results suggest that elevated levels of IgG antibody against A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis have a detectable protective effect against periodontal infections with these microorganisms.
Synchronous granular cell tumor of the bladder, endometrial carcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma
Authors: KIYOZUKA Yasuhiko , YAMAMOTO Masashi , MATSUYAMA Tomohiko , MIKI Katsuaki , TSUKAMOTO Reiko , SHIMANO Naoto , TSUBURA Airo 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe describe a very rare case of synchronous granular cell tumor of the bladder, endometrial carcinoma and endometrial stromal sarcoma. A 55‐year‐old woman with a 4‐month history of genital bleeding was cytologically diagnosed with endometrial carcinoma. Imaging studies suggested concomitant bladder tumor with the possibility of direct invasion from endometrial carcinoma. Total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy and transurethral resection of bladder tumor was performed. The bladder tumor comprised polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic, finely granular cytoplasm, separated by collagenous tissue. Neither nuclear pleomorphism nor tumor necrosis was found. Immunohistochemical expression of neural markers of neuron‐specific enolase and S‐100 allowed the diagnosis of granular cell tumor (GCT) of the bladder. Microscopic examination of endometrium revealed endometrioid adenocarcinoma with squamous differentiation (EAC). Ill‐defined nodular lesion comprising endometrial stromal sarcoma (ESS) was accidentally found in myometrium. Postoperatively, the patient underwent radiotherapy. This is the first well‐documented case of synchronous triple tumors comprising GCT of the bladder, uterine EAC and ESS.
Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor in lung cancer: Perspective from the Asia–Pacific region
Authors: LIU H Eugene , LIM Ken‐Hong , HUANG Ming‐Jer , HUANG Biing‐Shiun 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a receptor tyrosine kinase of the ErbB family that is frequently overexpressed in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and has been identified as a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer. The development of small molecule EGFR‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) such as gefitinib and erlotinib has resulted in paradigm shift in the treatment of advanced NSCLC. The impact of EGFR‐TKI in the treatment of NSCLC is even greater in Asia–Pacific region because one of the greatest clinical benefits of EGFR‐TKI has been seen in patients of East Asian ethnicity. The discovery of somatic mutations in EGFR‐tyrosine kinase domain has so far answered some, but not all, of the questions regarding the clinical response to EGFR‐TKI in NSCLC. In addition, other molecular profiles such as KRAS mutations have also been found to play an important role in EGFR targeted therapy. In this article, we review EGFR targeted therapy in NSCLC with the focus on perspective from the Asia–Pacific region.
Water quality and accelerated winter growth of European catfish using an enclosed recirculating system
Authors: David J. A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAquaculture of the European catfish Silurus glanis is impeded by the slow rate of growth at ambient water temperatures below 10°C, which are encountered during the winter months in many regions of Europe (such as central France). In an effort to increase water temperatures over this period, fish were held in an enclosed housing where the water quality was maintained using a low‐cost treatment plant. For comparison, some fish were held in a separate system that was not enclosed and where water treatment took place in an adjacent earth‐lined pond. Both systems were able to maintain good water quality during the winter months but the recirculating system achieved significantly higher water temperatures and rates of fish growth.
Cost‐effective survey of fish by the intensive netting of a linear canal in the Midlands (UK)
Authors: Smith P. A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe performances of two micromesh nets, which were physically similar but differed in weight of leadline (i.e. 120 g/m2 vs. 250 g/m2), to estimate the numbers of four species of fish (roach, gudgeon, perch and bream) were investigated on 51 occasions. These two nets were found to capture fish longer than 25 mm. Capture efficiency was found to vary according to design of net, species and size of fish. Both nets usually produced a reduction in numbers of fish caught with successive removals, although the heavy leadlined net was more likely to cause a reduction in catch and in a constant manner than the light leadlined net. The accuracy of the heavy leadlined net to estimate a known number of roach ≥90 mm and gudgeon ≥90 mm was tested on two occasions. The known number was within the 95% confidence limits of the population estimate for both species, although the precision of the estimate for gudgeon was low at one site. The precision of the within‐site estimates was found to vary according to the type of net, the species and size class, and the number of removals. Overall, the heavy leadlined net was found to be more useful but required greater manpower. The implications of these findings for survey design are discussed.
Interaction of a Screw
Dislocation With an Arbitrary Shaped Elastic
Inhomogeneity
Authors: Wang Xu , Sudak L.
J. 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
In this paper, the interaction between a screw dislocation and an arbitrary shaped elastic inhomogeneity with different material properties than the surrounding matrix is investigated. The exact solution to this problem is derived by means of complex variable methods and Faber series expansion. Specifically, the conformal mapping function maps the matrix region surrounding the inhomogeneity onto the outside of a unit circle in the image plane, while the analytic function defined in the elastic inhomogeneity is expressed in terms of a Faber series expansion. Once the series form solution is obtained, the stress fields due to the screw dislocation can be obtained. Also the image force on the screw dislocation due to its interaction with the elastic inhomogeneity is derived. Three examples of a screw dislocation interacting with (1) an equilateral triangular inhomogeneity, (2) a square inhomogeneity, and (3) a five-pointed star-shaped inhomogeneity are presented to illustrate how the stiffness of the triangular, square or five-pointed star-shaped inhomogeneity can influence the mobility of the screw dislocation.
Enterococcus gallinarum
N04-0414 Harbors a VanD-Type Vancomycin Resistance Operon and Does Not Contain a
d
-Alanine:
d
-Alanine 2 (
ddl2
) Gene
Authors: Boyd David A. , Miller Mark A. , Mulvey Michael R. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus gallinarum
N04-0414 (MIC for vancomycin, 256 μg/ml) harbored a
vanD
-type vancomycin resistance operon as well as the intrinsic
vanC1
operon. The
d
-Ala:
d
-Ala ligase 2 gene (
ddl2
) was not present in the strain, though it is found downstream of the
vanS
gene from the
vanC
operon in
E. gallinarum
ATCC 49573 and 19 other
E. gallinarum
strains tested.
Molecular Characterization of Isoniazid Resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
: Identification of a Novel Mutation in
inhA
Authors: Leung E. T. Y. , Ho P. L. , Yuen K. Y. , Woo W. L. , Lam T. H. , Kao R. Y. , Seto W. H. , Yam W. C. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Multiplex allele-specific PCRs detecting
katG
codon 315 and
mabA
(bp −15) mutations could specifically identify 77.5% of isoniazid-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
strains in the South China region. One clinical isolate harboring InhA Ile194Thr was characterized to show strong association with isoniazid resistance in
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
.
Detection of Methicillin-Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains Resistant to Multiple Antibiotics and Carrying the Panton-Valentine Leukocidin Genes in an Algiers Hospital
Authors: Ramdani-Bouguessa Nadjia , Bes Michèle , Meugnier Hélène , Forey Françoise , Reverdy Marie-Elisabeth , Lina Gerard , Vandenesch François , Tazir Mohamed , Etienne Jerome 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Forty-five Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL)-positive, methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
strains were isolated in Algeria between 2003 and 2004; 18 isolates were isolated in the community and 27 in a hospital. Five PVL-positive hospital isolates were resistant to multiple antibiotics, including ofloxacin and gentamicin for three isolates.
In Vitro Development of Resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Protease Inhibitor GW640385
Authors: Yates P. J. , Hazen R. , St. Clair M. , Boone L. , Tisdale M. , Elston R. C. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT
Development of in vitro resistance to GW640385, a new human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease inhibitor, was studied. Variants characterized included one with <4-fold resistance and amino acid substitutions Q58E/A71V (protease) and P452K (Gag) and one with >50-fold resistance and amino acid substitutions L10F/G16E/E21K/A28S/M46I/F53L/A71V (protease) and L449F/P453T (Gag). The A28S substitution substantially reduced replication capacity.
Roles of Cellular Respiration, Cg
CDR1
, and Cg
CDR2
in
Candida glabrata
Resistance to Histatin 5
Authors: Helmerhorst Eva J. , Venuleo Caterina , Sanglard Dominique , Oppenheim Frank G. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Histatin 5, a human salivary protein with broad-spectrum antifungal activity, is remarkably ineffective against
Candida glabrata
. Fluconazole resistance in this fungus is due in most cases to upregulation of Cg
CDR
efflux pumps. We investigated whether the distinct resistance of
C. glabrata
to histatin 5 is related to similar mechanisms.
NorC, a New Efflux Pump Regulated by MgrA of
Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Truong-Bolduc Que Chi , Strahilevitz Jacob , Hooper David C. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

NorC, a new efflux pump, like NorB, contributes to quinolone resistance that includes resistance to moxifloxacin and sparfloxacin in
Staphylococcus aureus. norC
expression, like that of
norB
and
tet38
, is negatively regulated by MgrA, and overexpression of both
norC
and
norB
contributes to the quinolone resistance phenotype of an
mgrA
mutant.
Evaluation of Disk Diffusion Method for Determining Posaconazole Susceptibility of Filamentous Fungi: Comparison with CLSI Broth Microdilution Method
Authors: López-Oviedo E. , Aller A. I. , Martín C. , Castro C. , Ramirez M. , Pemán J. M. , Cantón E. , Almeida C. , Martín-Mazuelos E. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT
The disk diffusion method was evaluated for determining posaconazole susceptibility against 78 strains of molds using two culture media in comparison with the CLSI (Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute) broth microdilution method (M38-A). A significant correlation between disk diffusion and microdilution methods was observed with both culture media.