bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pleuro‐pulmonary blastoma: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Schmaltz Cornelius , Sauter Siegfried , Opitz Oliver , Harms Dieter , Kremens Bernhard , Lohner Michael , Metz Klaus , Brandis Matthias , Niemeyer Charlotte 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPleuro‐pulmonary blastoma is a rare malignant lung tumor in children and distinct from ordinary pulmonary blastoma of adulthood. Combination chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of this tumor, but so far no attempt of high dose chemotherapy with subsequent bone marrow or blood stem cell transplantation has been published. The case is reported of a 2‐year‐old boy with pleuro‐pulmonary blastoma who achieved partial remission with conventional chemotherapy and surgery. Subsequent administration of high dose melphalan, etoposide, and carboplatin, followed by autologous blood stem cell transplantation resulted in a 3‐month disease‐free interval but did not prevent eventual local recurrence, leading to death within a few weeks. Clinical presentation, pathology, management, and prognosis are discussed and the literature reviewed. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostatic crystalloids: Association with adenocarcinoma
Authors: Jensen Peter E. , Gardner William A. , Piserchia Philip V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWith review of 393 consecutive cases of previously documented prostatic adenocarcinoma, the coexistence of intraglandular crystalloids was confirmed. The various morphologic appearances of these structures are described. Unequivocal crystalloids were identified in 10% of cases. They were most often located in the acini of malignant glands but occasionally were observed in benign glands adjacent to carcinoma. Of available clinical and demographic parameters analyzed, several unexplained statistical relationships were observed, but none of the variables could be used to characterize the patients with crystalloids. This paper suggests that these structures may be useful in the diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma when only inadequate or equivocal biopsy material is available.
Extended field radiation therapy for prostate cancer: Influence of positive lymph nodes on prognosis
Authors: Sause William T. , Roland Thomas A. , Plenk Henry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred forty‐eight patients with prostate cancer, treated with curative intent at the LDS Hospital from 1969 to 1977, were analyzed. Local control and survival were excellent in patients with negative lymph node evaluations. Eighty‐six percent (24/28) were without evidence of disease at the time of this report. Patients with tumor in pelvic lymph nodes had a poor five‐year disease‐free survival, despite regional radiation therapy. At five years, 17% (3/18) were disease free. External beam radiation is excellent therapy for localized cancer of the prostate gland. The value of regional radiation in the presence of positive adenopathy remains to be defined.
Immunohistological approaches to human prostatic epithelial cells
Authors: Choe B. K. , Pontes J. E. , Lillehoj H. S. , Rose N. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpecific anti‐acid phosphatase antisera were prepared by the use of purified prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) from prostatic tissue and lysosomal acid phosphatase (L‐AcP) from diploid fibroblast (WI‐38) as antigen. Since the antigenic difference between the PAP and L‐AcP was established, distribution of these enzymes among various tissues and tissue culture cells was investigated by the indirect immunofluorescence method and the unlabeled antibody method [14]. The L‐AcP has been detected as granules localized in a perinuclear portion of all of the epithelial cells, fibroblasts, and peripheral blood cells except erythrocytes. Presence of the PAP was limited to the prostatic epithelial cells. It is also noted that the biosynthesis of the PAP is strikingly diminished in the long‐term culture of prostatic epithelial cells. However, because of the antigenic difference between the PAP and L‐AcP, and because of the high concentration of PAP in the cytoplasm of prostatic epithelial cells, it is feasible to apply the anti‐PAP immunofluorescence method to the identification of metastatic prostatic carcinoma cells in the biopsy materials.
Fundamental biochemical and immunological aspects of prostatic acid phosphatase
Authors: Lin M. F. , Lee C. L. , Wojcieszyn J. W. , Wang M. C. , Valenzuela L. A. , Murphy G. P. , Chu T. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic acid phosphatase (PAP) was purified from human malignant prostate tissue by means of ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by sequential chromatographies of ion exchange, affinity column, and gel filtration. PAP has a molecular weight of 100,000 and consists of two subunits of 50,000. Owing, in part, to sialic acid contents in the molecule, PAP has multiple isoelectric points (pIs) at 4.2‐5.5. In 0.2 M citrate, PAP has the highest affinity (Km 9.2 × 10−5 M) in hydrolyzing α‐naphthyl phosphate among the phosphomonoesters. Tartrate and heat at 37†C for 2 hours almost completely inhibit PAP enzymic activity. By immunoprecipitate technique, anti‐PAP heteroantiserum exhibited a distinct immunologic characteristics. Further, PAP possessed different antibody‐binding site from enzyme hydrolytic site.
The zonal anatomy of the prostate
Authors: McNeal John E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEarlier morphologic studies of the prostate, though often extensive, have never systematically delineated its complete structure. Recent comprehensive analysis of 500 prostates has more precisely defined its anatomic composition, identifying previously undetected features and unsuspected complexities. Using a three‐dimensional model, these structures and relationships are demonstrated. Four basic anatomic regions are described. The relationship of each to the urethra provides a central anatomic reference point.

The peripheral zone constitutes over 70% of the glandular prostate. It forms a disc of tissue whose ducts radiate laterally from the urethra lateral and distal to the verumontanum. Almost all carcinomas arise here.
The central zone constitutes 25% of the glandular prostate. Its ducts arise close to the ejaculatory duct orifices and follow these ducts proximally, branching laterally near the prostate base. Its lateral border fuses with the proximal peripheral zone border, completing in continuity with the peripheral zone, a full disc of secretory tissue oriented in a coronal plane. Marked histologic differences between central and peripheral zones suggest important biologic differences.
Preprostatic region. The urethral segment proximal to the verumontanum is kinked anteriorly at a 35‐degree angle to the distal segment. No major ducts arise in the proximal segment, but the lateral rows of peripheral zone orifices continue. Duct development is aborted here, producing only a small transition zone and several tinier periurethral ducts. The development of these small ducts is possibly determined and limited by their intimate relationship to a periurethral smooth muscle sphincter that exists only proximal to the verumontanum. These small ducts in a restricted area are the exclusive site of nodular hyperplasia (BPH) origin.
The anterior fibromuscular stroma forms the entire anterior surface of the prostate as a thick, nonglandular apron, shielding from view the anterior surface of the three glandular regions. Its inseparable fusion to the glandular prostate has probably delayed recognition of the anatomic features described here.
The immunocytochemical detection of protein hormones in human prostatic tissues
Authors: Sibley P. E. C. , Harper M. E. , Joyce B. G. , Griffiths K. , Peeling W. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunocytochemical detection of four pituitary protein hormones in tissue from 13 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia has been described. There have been marked differences in the distribution and intensity of reaction product attributable to the various hormonal antisera. The intracellular presence of endogenous prolactin and FSH in the epithelial cytoplasm has been suggested together with the stromal localization of growth hormone and prolactin. Minimal diffuse staining over most cellular components was observed with the LH antiserum. This technique has provided an invaluable means of studying the potential involvement of pituitary protein hormones in the control of prostatic function and disease.
Effect of estrogen on the mixed lymphocyte reaction in normal individuals and prostatic cancer patients
Authors: Herr Harry W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLack of initial response or relapse to hormones in advanced prostatic cancer may be due to an adverse effect of estrogen on host immune function. This study investigated the effect of dieth‐ylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES‐P) on the normal mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and on the MLR in prostatic cancer patients before and during treatment with DES‐P. These data showed that the normal MLR was suppressed by high concentrations of estrogen in vitro, but physiologic levels of DES‐P were not suppressive. Therapeutic doses of DES‐P did not suppress the spontaneous MLR of prostatic cancer patients compared with previous treatment. Estrogens did not significantly impair the immunologic responsiveness of normal individuals or prostatic cancer patients.
Effect of a new 5α‐reductase inhibitor on size, histologic characteristics, and androgen concentrations of the canine prostate
Authors: Brooks J. R. , Berman D. , Glitzer M. S. , Gordon Lea R. , Primka R. L. , Reynolds G. F. , Rasmusson G. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMature male beagles were used in studies designed to determine the effect of the steroidal 5α‐reductase inhibitor 17β‐N,N‐diethylcarbamoyl‐4‐aza‐4‐methyl‐5α‐androstan‐3‐one (4‐MA) on size, histology, and androgen concentration of the prostate. Subcutaneous administration of 3 or 15 mg/kg/day for 43 days caused a sharp decline in prostate volume, flattening of prostatic epithelial cells, vacuolization of the cytoplasm and pycnosis of the nuclei. Whereas serum testosterone levels remained normal in dogs injected with 3 mg/kg/day, they were lower in those that received 15 mg/kg/day. Concentrations of both testosterone and 5α‐dihydrotestosterone were reduced in the prostates of dogs that had received either 3 or 15 mg/kg/day of 4‐MA. The 15 mg/kg/day level also appeared to adversely affect spermatogenesis.In a 43‐day study, 4‐MA given orally once each day at levels of 0.1, 0.3, or 1 mg/kg failed to cause a significant decrease in prostate volume. However, daily divided oral doses totaling 1 or 3 mg/kg were given in a 42‐day test and both treatment levels produced significant reductions in prostate size.
Cancer of the prostate and aging: An autopsy study in black men from Washington, DC, and selected African cities
Authors: Kovi Joseph , Jackson Marvin A. , Rao M. S. , Heshmat Martin Y. , Akberzie M. E. , Williams A. O. , Christian E. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAge‐related changes of arteries, veins, glands, and stroma in the prostate of black men from Washington, DC, and from Ibadan, Nigeria, and Accra, Ghana, West Africa, were studied in a total of 795 consecutive, unselected prostate specimens removed at autopsy during a 7‐year period (1973–1980). Except for age group 80 and over, aging changes in the prostate were more severe in all age groups in black men from Washington, DC, than in black men from Ibadan and Accra (P < 0.01). However, when the intensity of age‐dependent alterations was compared in either US or African black men with carcinoma and with no carcinoma, no significant differences were found. These findings do not support the idea that the aging process per se increases susceptibility to cancer.
Plasma androgen levels after subcapsular orchiectomy or estrogen treatment for prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Vermeulen A. , Schelfhout W. , De Sy W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study evolution of plasma androgen levels in patients with advanced prostatic carcinoma, treated by either subtotal bilateral orchiectomy or estrogens, was studied in order to determine whether subcapsular orchiectomy results in complete elimination of testicular testosterone secretion and whether in subsequent months there occurs any reactivation of eventually remaining Leydig or increased adrenal androgen secretion. This study, performed on 40 patients having undergone bilateral subcapsular orchiectomy for prostatic carcinoma, shows that this intervention results in testosterone levels in the female range and that during the year following subcapsular orchiectomy there is no evidence for reactivation of Leydig cells or for increased adrenal androgen secretion as evaluated from plasma testosterone, androstenedione, and dehydroepian‐drosterone sulphate levels. In patients treated with estrogens we found no evidence for stimulation of adrenal androgen secretion, whereas in neither group of patients with prostatic carcinoma we found evidence for increased androgen levels at the time of recurrence of the carcinoma.
Effect of chronic administration of a highly potent LHRH agonist on prostate size and secretory function in geriatric dogs
Authors: Vickery B. H. , McRae G. I. , Bonasch H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour geriatric male dogs of mixed breed were selected for study on the basis of palpable prostatic hyperplasia. Testosterone levels were determined by radioimmu‐noassay on plasma samples collected three times weekly. Prostate size was determined from lateral pneumocystograms taken at weekly intervals. Prostatic secretion was followed by ejaculating the dogs at weekly intervals. Two dogs were implanted with 125 ug/kg of pelleted D‐Trp6‐LHRH ethylamide (LHRH analog) and two were sham implanted. The pellets were removed 71 days later. Three months after the removal, one previously treated dog was sham implanted and one previously sham implanted dog was implanted with 170 ug/kg of pelleted analog. In each case, following analog implantation, plasma testosterone levels were elevated for up to 7 days, then declined precipitously, and were then maintained at less than 0.02 ng/ml for a prolonged period. Plasma testosterone levels returned to the pretreatment range 44 and 58 days after implantation, respectively, in two dogs, but remained low through the 60 days studied in the third. The radiographs in one treated animal were of insufficient quality for analysis. In the remaining two treated animals, prostate size progressively declined following implantation, after about a 2 wk lag time. In one animal the prostate dimensions reached a nadir of 40% of pretreatment values at five wk after implantation. In the other treated animal the prostate regressed to a position within the pelvic brim, a state resembling that seen in young dogs, and so the dimensions could not be accurately determined. After plasma testosterone levels reverted to pretreatment values, prostate dimensions slowly but progressively increased. A decline in ejaculate volume paralleled the decline in plasma testosterone and prostate size until the fifth week after implantation from when no ejaculate could be obtained. The data suggests that LHRH agonists may have utility in the therapy of hormone‐responsive prostatic pathologies.
Retinoic acid binding protein in normal and neoplastic rat prostate
Authors: Gesell Mark S. , Brandes Martin J. , Arnold Eugene A. , Isaacs J. T. , Ueda Hisako , Millan Juan C. , Brandes David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSucrose density gradient analysis of cytosol from normal and neoplastic rat prostatic tissues exhibited a peak of (3H) retinoic acid binding in the 2S region, corresponding to the cytoplasmic retinoic acid binding protein (cRABP). In the Fisher‐Copenhagen FI rat, cRABP was present in the lateral lobe, but could not be detected in the ventral nor in the dorsal prostatic lobes. Four sublines of the R‐3327 rat prostatic tumor contained similar levels of this binding protein. The absence of cRABP in the normal tissue of origin of the R‐3327 tumor, the rat dorsal prostate, and reappearance in the neoplastic tissues follows a pattern described in other human and animal tumors. The occurrence of cRABP in the well‐differentiated as well as in the anaplastic R‐3327 tumors in which markers which reflect a state of differentiation and hormonal regulation, such as androgen receptor, 5a reductase, and secretory acid phosphatase are either markedly reduced or absent, points to cRABP as a marker of malignant transformation.
The pharmacokinetics of antibiotic diffusion in chronic bacterial prostatitis
Authors: Sharer William C. , Fair William R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistorically chronic bacterial prostatitis in the male human has been relatively resistant to antimicrobial chemotherapy. The pharmacokinetic theory of drug diffusion into the prostate is reviewed. A brief description of the various canine models utilized to quantitate antimicrobial drug diffusion is presented. Specific data concerning the diffusion of various antimicrobial agents are abstracted followed by a brief discussion of mechanistic explanations for the success or failure of drug therapy.
Human prostatic adenocarcinoma: Comparative experimental treatment of the tumor line pc 82 in nude mice
Authors: Hoehn W. , Walther R. , Hermanek P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human prostatic adenocarcinoma, growing as a transplantable line in nude mice, was subjected comparatively to the usual endocrine treatment schedules including orchiectomy, estrogens, estramustine phosphate, and a study with flutamide (SCH 13521) and cyproterone acetate. The regression under treatment in tumor volume and in the histological pattern is demonstrated, and the possibilities and limitations of the nude mouse model are discussed.
Effects of estrogen administration on serum testosterone in copenhagen rats
Authors: Grossman H. Barton , Kleinert Edward L. , Herr Harry W. , Whitmore Willet F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to develop a standard experimental method of exogenous estrogen therapy in the Copenhagen rat, several treatment regimens were evaluated to determine their effect on the serum testosterone. Diethylstilbestrol diphosphate (DES‐P) was administered either continuously in the drinking water or as a single intraperitoneal injection. Oral low‐dose estrogen (0.4‐1.6 μg/ml) yielded reliable suppression of serum testosterone to castrate levels. A single intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 mg DES‐P caused prompt suppression of serum testosterone with return to normal levels two weeks later.
Nuclei of stroma: Site of highest estrogen concentration in human benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: Kozák Ivan , Bartsch Wilfried , Krieg Michael , Voigt Klaus‐Dieter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an earlier publication we found significantly more estrogen receptor‐positive cases in the stroma if compared with the epithelium of human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). We were therefore interested to find out whether this preferential assay of estrogen receptor in stroma is reflected by a higher estrogen content in this tissue fraction. Estradiol (E2) and estrone (E1) were measured by RIA in whole BPH tissue, stroma, and epithelium as well as in the nuclear fraction of stroma and epithelium. For comparison, E2 and E1 were measured in blood also. The main results are as follows: 1) In all BPH samples the E2 (26.0 ± 3.5(SEM) pg/g (n = 20)) and E2 (53.5 ± 7.4 (14)) content was significantly higher than in the corresponding plasma (E2: 17.5 ± 2.3 pg/ml (11); E1: 26.5 ± 4.4 (7)), the mean ratio of E2/E1, was 0.52 and 0.69 for BPH and plasma, respectively; 2) in stroma significantly more E2 (53.6 ± 7.8 fmol/mg DNA (18)) and E1, (55.9 ± 8.4 (12)) were measured than in epithelium (E2: 15.7 ± 1.9(16); 1: 20.7 ± 3.2(13)); 3) in nuclei of stroma significantly higher E2 (38.0 ± 5.3 fmol/mg DNA (20)) and E1 (19.2 ± 4.8 (14)) concentrations were present than in epithelium (E2: 6.8 ± 3.1 (19); E1: 2.5 ± 0.5 (13)), the mean ratio of E2/ E1 for thenuclear fractions of stroma (2.3) and epithelium (2.7) increased dramatically if compared with the respective ratio in whole BPH tissue. In conclusion, there is a distinct accumulation of estrogens in the nuclei of stroma, E2 concentration being significantly higher than E1. These data support the hypothesis that E2 could play a preferential role in stimulating the growth of the BPH stroma.
Steroid receptors and hormone responsiveness of human prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Concolino G. , Marocchi A. , Margiotta G. , Conti C. , Di Silverio F. , Tenaglia R. , Ferraro F. , Bracci U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAndrogen (AR), estrogen (ER), and progesterone (PR) receptors have been found in human prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic carcinoma (PC) (AR mainly in the epithelial compartment and ER in the stromal compartment). These steroid receptors have been studied in the cytosol of 59 prostatic cancers in order to select patients to be treated with endocrine therapy (orchiectomy, administration of antiandrogens). Tissues were collected through transvesical resection and needle biopsy. Tritiated metribolone (R1881), 17b‐estradiol and promegestone (R5020) with the use of exchange assay and a dextran‐coated charcoal method have been usually employed. In some specimens receptor content was also analyzed in the nuclear fraction. AR was found in the cytosol of 47 of 59 (79.66%), ER in 14 of 26 (53.85%), and PR in 13 of 15 (86.67%) tumors examined. AR was detected in the nuclear fraction of 11 of 26, ER in nine of 13, and PR in two of four tumors examined. AR was found to correlate with the histological grade of the cancers, whereas no correlation could be demonstrated between the histological grade and cytoplasmic or nuclear ER. On the basis of receptor studies, hormonal treatment was started with orchiectomy followed by the administration of cyproterone acetate (CPA) 50 mg twice a day in 26 eligible out of 38 patients available for follow‐up with tumors examined for cytoplasmic AR. The response to hormonal therapy depended strictly on the presence of AR. The endocrine treatment used seems, in our opinion, to be the most advisable form of therapy, and is capable of blocking the uptake of androgens of extratesticular origin by prostatic cells. Although the clinical advantages of progestational therapy for human PC are not yet established, the presence of PR in prostatic carcinoma leads us to believe that progestational compounds as well as the progestational activity of CPA may be effective on tumor growth of tissues that are positive for PR.
Squamous metastases from prostatic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Accetta Peter A. , Gardner William A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo patients with prostatic adenocarcinoma are reported whose metastases harbored large foci of squamous cell carcinoma. The prostatic origin of such areas was proven by immunoperoxidase staining for prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) as well as the identification of transition zones between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. The possible role of estrogen therapy in inducing the squamous change is discussed.