bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Disordered High‐Entropy‐Alloy Nanoparticles for Highly Efficient Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Huang Xianfeng , Wu Zenan , Zhang Bo , Yang Guangxing , Wang Hao‐Fan , Wang Hongjuan , Cao Yonghai , Peng Feng , Li Shuang , Yu Hao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanoparticles composed of high‐entropy alloys (HEA NPs) exhibit remarkable performance in electrocatalytic processes such as hydrogen evolution and oxidations. In this study, two types of quinary HEA NPs of PtRhPdIrRu, are synthesized, featuring disordered and crystallized nanostructures, both with and without a boiling mixture. The disordered HEA NPs (d‐HEA NPs) with a size of 3.5 nm is synthesized under intense boiling conditions, attributed to improved heat and mass transfer during reduction of precursors and particle growth. The disordered HEA NPs displayed an exceptionally high turnover frequency of 33.1 s−1 at an overpotential of 50 mV, surpassing commercial Pt NPs in acidic electrolytes by 5.4 times. Additionally, d‐HEA NPs exhibited superior stability at a constant electrolyzing current of 50 mA cm−2 compared to commercial Pt NPs. When employed as the anodic catalyst in an H2‐O2 fuel cell, d‐HEA NPs demonstrated a remarkable high current power density of 15.3 kW per gram of noble metal. Consequently, these findings highlight the potential of d‐HEA NPs in electrochemical applications involving hydrogen.
Artificial and Biosynthetic Nanoparticles Boost Bioelectrochemical Reactions via Efficient Bidirectional Electron Transfer of Shewanella loihica
Authors: Chen Han , Wei Yu‐Qing , Xu Meng‐Yuan , Zhu Ma‐Wei , Liu Junying , Yong Yang‐Chun , Fang Zhen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBioelectrochemical reactions using whole‐cell biocatalysts are promising carbon‐neutral approaches because of their easy operation, low cost, and sustainability. Bidirectional (outward or inward) electron transfer via exoelectrogens plays the main role in driving bioelectrochemical reactions. However, the low electron transfer efficiency seriously inhibits bioelectrochemical reaction kinetics. Here, a three dimensional and artificial nanoparticles‐constituent inverse opal‐indium tin oxide (IO‐ITO) electrode is fabricated and employed to connect with exoelectrogens (Shewanella loihica PV‐4). The above electrode collected 128‐fold higher cell density and exhibited a maximum current output approaching 1.5 mA cm−2 within 24 h at anode mode. By changing the IO‐ITO electrode to cathode mode, the exoelectrogens exhibited the attractive ability of extracellular electron uptake to reduce fumarate and 16 times higher reverse current than the commercial carbon electrode. Notably, Fe‐containing oxide nanoparticles are biologically synthesized at both sides of the outer cell membrane and probably contributed to direct electron transfer with the transmembrane c‐type cytochromes. Owing to the efficient electron exchange via artificial and biosynthetic nanoparticles, bioelectrochemical CO2 reduction is also realized at the cathode. This work not only explored the possibility of augmenting bidirectional electron transfer but also provided a new strategy to boost bioelectrochemical reactions by introducing biohybrid nanoparticles.
Anchoring Ultrafine β‐Mo2C Clusters Inside Porous Co‐NC Using MOFs for Electric‐Powered Coproduction of Valuable Chemicals
Authors: Chen Yu‐Zhen , Fan Yi‐Wen , Wang Yang , Li Zhibo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectroredox of organics provides a promising and green approach to producing value‐added chemicals. However, it remains a grand challenge to achieve high selectivity of desired products simultaneously at two electrodes, especially for non‐isoelectronic transfer reactions. Here a porous heterostructure of Mo2C@Co‐NC is successfully fabricated, where subnanometre β‐Mo2C clusters (<1 nm, ≈10 wt%) are confined inside porous Co, N‐doped carbon using metalorganic frameworks. It is found that Co species not only promote the formation of β‐Mo2C but also can prevent it from oxidation by constructing the heterojunctions. As noted, the heterostructure achieves >96% yield and 92% Faradaic efficiency (FE) for aldehydes in anodic alcohol oxidation, as well as >99.9% yield and 96% FE for amines in cathodal nitrocompounds reduction in 1.0 M KOH. Precise control of the reaction kinetics of two half‐reactions by the electronic interaction between β‐Mo2C and Co is a crucial adjective. Density functional theory (DFT) gives in‐depth mechanistic insight into the high aldehyde selectivity. The work guides authors to reveal the electrooxidation nature of Mo2C at a subnanometer level. It is anticipated that the strategy will provide new insights into the design of highly effective bifunctional electrocatalysts for the coproduction of more complex fine chemicals.
Evaluate Chat‐GPT's programming capability in Swift through real university exam questions
Authors: Zhang Zizhuo , Wen Lian , Jiang Yanfei , Liu Yongli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, we evaluate the programming capabilities of OpenAI's GPT‐3.5 and GPT‐4 models using Swift‐based exam questions from a third‐year university course. The results indicate that both GPT models generally outperform the average student score, yet they do not consistently exceed the performance of the top students. This comparison highlights areas where the GPT models excel and where they fall short, providing a nuanced view of their current programming proficiency. The study also reveals surprising instances where GPT‐3.5 outperforms GPT‐4, suggesting complex variations in AI model capabilities. By providing a clear benchmark of GPT's programming skills in an academic context, our research contributes valuable insights for future advancements in AI programming education and underscores the need for continued development to fully realize AI's potential in educational settings.
Influence of near‐field ground motions with fling‐step and forward‐directivity characteristics on seismic response of stilted buildings in mountainous area
Authors: Li Ruifeng , Li Yingmin , Pan Weihao , Liu Liping 
Published: March 2024

SummaryNear‐field ground motions with fling‐step and forward‐directivity characteristics contain large‐amplitude pulses in velocity history, causing severe damage to stilted buildings in mountainous areas. In this study, three groups of 20 near‐field ground motions with fling‐step and forward‐directivity characteristics and 10 far‐field ground motions were selected as seismic inputs. Nonlinear response history analysis (NLRHA) was performed on plane finite element models of two seven‐story stilted frame structures, one with steel braces in the stilted story and the other without steel braces in the slope direction. Structural seismic response obtained from NLRHA was discussed in terms of inter‐story drift ratio (IDR) and peak floor acceleration (PFA). In addition, damage to two structures was assessed using the modified Park–Huang damage model. The results show that stilted structures exhibit greater inter‐story ratios and damage index values under near‐field ground motions with fling‐step characteristics and forward‐directivity characteristics than far‐field ground motions, where the stilted story has the highest amplification ratio in both IDR and damage index among floors. Designers should pay sufficient attention to the influence of ground motions with fling‐step and forward‐directivity characteristics on seismic demands and damage to stilted structures. The peak inter‐story ratio and damage index of stilted structures with steel braces were significantly lower than that of stilted structures without braces, proving the validation of setting steel braces on reducing the seismic demands of stilted structures and improving structural seismic safety. Additional NLRHA performed using artificial pulses shows that the seismic response of stilted buildings is related to pulse periods of near‐field ground motions and the greatest seismic demands and damage are obtained when the pulse period is 1.5–1.6 times the fundamental period of the stilted building.
Identifying anthropogenic legacy in freshwater ecosystems
Authors: Antonelli Marta , Laube Patrick , Doering Michael , Scherelis Victoria , Wu Sidi , Hurni Lorenz , Heitzler Magnus , Weber Christine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe legacy of historic anthropogenic disturbance can significantly affect the structure and function of contemporary freshwater ecosystems. Environmental research and management that neglect anthropogenic legacy are likely to lead to a biased interpretation of present and future ecosystem dynamics. Yet, anthropogenic legacy remains poorly considered, mainly because of the challenges associated with its identification. Synthesizing past progress in legacy research, we present a conceptual framework for the systematic identification of anthropogenic legacy. We focus on the dynamic processes occurring during legacy formation (e.g., disturbance regime, ecosystem trajectories). Based on the review of relevant case studies, we discuss the historical and contemporary sources of information (e.g., communication, cartographic, paleoenvironmental sources) that can be employed for legacy identification. Finally, we provide practical examples of anthropogenic legacy identification in real‐world freshwater ecosystems. Produced in multidisciplinary collaboration, this review presents a comprehensive approach to anthropogenic legacy to foster its informed and systematic consideration in freshwater research and management.This article is categorized under:
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Thermophilic cyanobacteria—exciting, yet challenging biotechnological chassis
Authors: Rasul Faiz , You Dawei , Jiang Ying , Liu Xiangjian , Daroch Maurycy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Thermophilic cyanobacteria are prokaryotic photoautotrophic microorganisms capable of growth between 45 and 73 °C. They are typically found in hot springs where they serve as essential primary producers. Several key features make these robust photosynthetic microbes biotechnologically relevant. These are highly stable proteins and their complexes, the ability to actively transport and concentrate inorganic carbon and other nutrients, to serve as gene donors, microbial cell factories, and sources of bioactive metabolites. A thorough investigation of the recent progress in thermophilic cyanobacteria reveals a significant increase in the number of newly isolated and delineated organisms and wide application of thermophilic light-harvesting components in biohybrid devices. Yet despite these achievements, there are still deficiencies at the high-end of the biotechnological learning curve, notably in genetic engineering and gene editing. Thermostable proteins could be more widely employed, and an extensive pool of newly available genetic data could be better utilised. In this manuscript, we attempt to showcase the most important recent advances in thermophilic cyanobacterial biotechnology and provide an overview of the future direction of the field and challenges that need to be overcome before thermophilic cyanobacterial biotechnology can bridge the gap with highly advanced biotechnology of their mesophilic counterparts.

Key points
• Increased interest in all aspects of thermophilic cyanobacteria in recent years
• Light harvesting components remain the most biotechnologically relevant
• Lack of reliable molecular biology tools hinders further development of the chassis

Graphical Abstract
Effect of different compatibilization routes on the mechanical, thermal and rheological properties of polypropylene/cellulose nanocrystals nanocomposites
Authors: Benchikh Lilia , Aouissi Tahar , Aitferhat Yazid , Chorfi Hichem , Abacha Ilyes , Kebaili Maya , Guessoum Melia , Merzouki Abdelhafid , Grohens Yves , Carraro Mauro , Djellali Souad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combination of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with synthetic polymers like polypropylene (PP) offers the opportunity to create advanced nanocomposites with significant advantages in terms of mechanical properties, improved thermal stability, enhanced barrier properties, and sustainability. However, a major drawback for incorporation of CNCs in polymer matrices is their poor dispersion and incompatibility with industrial processing of many composites. This work aims to improve the dispersion of hydrophilic CNCs in a hydrophobic matrix using a method which could be adapted for the industrial level. CNCs are extracted from Ampelodesmos mauritanicus (El Diss plant) (CNCD) and incorporated in a polypropylene matrix using the masterbatch method. A first nanocomposite (PP/CNC-Gr) was prepared by adding maleic anhydride (MA) to a CNCD/PP suspension, while the second nanocomposite (PP/CNC-Co) was achieved by using a MA-grafted PP (PP-g-MA) as a third component. Concentrated masterbatch underwent solution casting followed by homogenization in a Brabender mixer. Mechanical properties comparison showed that PP/CNC-Co nanocomposites exhibited greater resistance relatively to PP/CNC-Gr nanocomposites. Moreover, PP/CNC-Co nanocomposites revealed an improved thermal stability and a higher complex viscosity, particularly with 3% of CNCD. Properties enhancements are attributed to the reaction between MA groups grafted to PP chains and hydroxyl groups of CNCDs, which enables an improved interfacial adhesion, leading to more continuous materials, as perceived from the increase in viscosity and morphology observation. On the other hand, MA reaction with PP chains and CNCD induced only a partial coverage of CNCDs during nanocrystals treatment, conferring relatively lower properties to PP/CNC-Gr nanocomposites.
Cancer-related cognitive impairment and wellbeing in patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma compared to population norms and healthy controls: an exploratory study
Authors: Gates Priscilla , Dhillon Haryana. M. , Krishnasamy Mei , Wilson Carlene , Gough Karla 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
There has been little dedicated research on cancer-related cognitive impairment in patients with aggressive lymphoma. We describe and compare patients’ cognitive function with that of healthy controls and patients’ wellbeing and distress with general population values. We also explore associations between patients’ neuropsychological test performance and self-reported cognitive function and distress.

Methods
Secondary analysis of data from a feasibility study of 30 patients with newly diagnosed aggressive lymphoma and 72 healthy controls. Patients completed neuropsychological tests and self-report measures before and 6–8 weeks after chemotherapy. Healthy controls completed neuropsychological tests and the FACT-Cog at enrolment and 6 months later. Mixed models were used to analyze neuropsychological test and FACT-Cog scores. One-sample t-tests were used to compare patients’ self-reported wellbeing and distress with population norms. Associations were explored with Kendall’s Tau b.

Results
Patients and healthy controls were well matched on socio-demographics. Differences between neuropsychological test scores were mostly large-sized; on average, patients’ scores on measures of information processing speed, executive function, and learning and memory were worse both before and after chemotherapy (all p ≤ 0.003). The same pattern was observed for impact of perceived cognitive impairment on quality-of-life (both p < 0.001). Patients’ physical and emotional wellbeing scores were lower than population norms both before and after chemotherapy (all p ≤ 0.018). Associations between neuropsychological performance and other measures were mostly trivial (all p > 0.10).

Conclusion
For many patients with aggressive lymphoma, impaired neuropsychological test performance and impact of perceived impairments on quality-of-life precede chemotherapy and are sustained after chemotherapy. Findings support the need for large-scale longitudinal studies with this population to better understand targets for interventions to address cognitive impairments.
Experimental Study on the Accelerating Creep of Rock Under Dry and Wet Conditions Based on a New Test Method
Authors: Hashiba K. , Fukui K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCreep tests under constant stress are among the most important tests for investigating the time-dependent behavior of rock. In previous studies, creep tests were conducted under various loading and environmental conditions; however, it was very difficult to demonstrate accelerating creep at failure at stresses less than 50% of strength in conventional creep tests. In this study, a new test method is proposed that combines an alternating loading-rate test and a creep test in the post-failure region. The accelerating creep as well as the loading-rate dependence of strength were successfully obtained simultaneously from a single specimen. This test method was applied to three rock types under dry and wet conditions. The results of Sanjome andesite under both dry and wet conditions, Kimachi sandstone under dry conditions, and Tage tuff under dry conditions showed a similar relationship between creep strain, creep strain rate, and residual time (i.e., creep lifetime minus elapsed time), from high to low creep stress levels, and a close relationship between accelerating creep and the loading-rate dependence of strength. Further, the mechanism responsible for the time dependence was found not to change significantly from high to low stress levels. In contrast, different results were obtained when high and low creep stress levels were compared in Kimachi sandstone and Tage tuff under wet conditions. The larger increase in creep strain with increasing creep strain rate at lower creep stress levels was related to the shape of the stress–strain curve in the post-failure region.
Gram-negative rough mutants used as test bacteria can increase sensitivity of direct bioautography
Authors: Balázs Viktória L. , Böszörményi Andrea , Kocsis Béla , Horváth Györgyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCurrently, the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) is an outstanding research field due to antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. Thin-layer chromatography‒direct bioautography (TLC‒DB) is an effective, fast method to find components with antimicrobial activity in a mixture of plant compounds, e.g., in EOs. The volatility and hydrophobic characters of EOs require special experimental conditions, and disc diffusion assay is not appropriate to explore the antimicrobial activity of them. The aim of this study was to use “R” mutants, which are more sensitive to synthetic antimicrobial drugs, in DB to increase the sensitivity of this method. Our hypothesis was that these mutants show sensitivity to some EOs (thyme, clove, and peppermint) as well. The chemical composition of our tested EOs was measured with gas chromatography‒mass spectrometry (GC‒MS). The main compounds (39.8% thymol, 78.8% eugenol, and 50.4% menthol) of EOs showed notable antibacterial activity in TLC‒DB. Based on our results, we suggest to use Salmonella minnesota Re595 rough strain as test bacterium in bioautography, because it showed the highest sensitivity to the tested antibiotics (gentamicin and cephalexin) and EOs. Furthermore, this rough mutant could make TLC‒DB more faster, because only 4 h incubation time was enough to detect the inhibition zones of the active compounds used in this study.
Detailed analysis of Türkiye's agricultural biomass-based energy potential with machine learning algorithms based on environmental and climatic conditions
Authors: Pence I. , Kumas K. , Siseci Cesmeli M. , Akyüz A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the study, the biomass and energy potential of each province of Türkiye was calculated for the years 2010–2021, using data from 15 different fields and 16 different horticultural crops. The total theoretical energy potential obtained from field and garden products was calculated as 222,620 Terajoule (TJ) and 61,737 TJ for 2010 and 308,888 TJ and 77,002 TJ for 2021, respectively. The agricultural biomass potential for 2021 was estimated using machine learning algorithms, depending on the environmental and climate data covering 2010–2020, which has not been studied in the literature. In this study, agricultural biomass potential for Türkiye was tried to be modeled by using Random Forest, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gradient Boosting, and eXtreme Gradient Boosting Regressor (XGBR) from machine learning methods. Agricultural biomass potential was tested in a tenfold cross-validation analysis and prediction for 2021 using only climatic and agricultural area data. In addition, by applying feature selection, it has been tried to reduce the features to be used and increase the success rate. Accordingly, when the results of the Random Forest algorithm were generalized, it achieved an R2 value of 0.9328 using all features for the tenfold cross-validation analysis. At the same time, it reached an R2 value of 0.9434 using four features in the prediction of 2021 and was found to be successful. Considering only the 2021 forecast, the KNN algorithm reached the highest result with an R2 value of 0.9560 using only four features. Also, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test result at p = 0.05 shows no significant difference between the predictions and the actual values.
Graphical abstract
Volatile biomarkers of Gram-positive bacteria of clinical relevance as a tool for infection diagnosis
Authors: Rubio-Sánchez Ricardo , Lepe-Balsalobre Esperanza , Ubeda Cristina , Lepe-Jiménez José Antonio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aim
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are being studied as potential biomarkers in many infections. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the volatile profile of three Gram-positive bacteria of clinical relevance to identify potential volatile biomarkers that allow their differentiation.

Methods and results
L. monocytogenes, S. aureus, and E. faecalis clinical isolates were inoculated in a thioglycollate medium until grown. Then, VOCs were extracted by solid-phase microextraction, and the data obtained were subjected to multivariate analysis. According to our results, there was a high production of aldehydes in E. faecalis. In the case of alcohols, they only increased in L. monocytogenes, while ketones were produced significantly in all three bacteria, mainly due to acetoin. Acids were produced significantly in E. faecalis and L. monocytogenes.

Conclusions
Potential biomarkers of L. monocytogenes could be 1-butanol and 2-methylbutanoic acid. In the case of E. faecalis, the VOC most related to its presence was nonanal. Lastly, potential biomarkers of S. aureus could be isoamyl butanoate and methionol, although some pyrazines have also been associated with this bacterium.

Significance and impact of the study
The identification of potential biomarkers of these clinically relevant bacteria could open the way for the diagnosis of these infections through the analysis of volatile compounds.