bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Pyridoxine Deficiency on Cholcsterol and Polyenoic Fatty Acids in Chicks
Authors: DAM HENRIK , KRISTENSEN GUNHILD , NIELSEN GUNHILD KOFOED , SØNDERGAARD. EBBE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.The influence of pyridoxine deficiency on chicks fed fat‐free and 10% peanut oil‐diets with and without 1 % cholesterol was studied.Cholesterol: The pyridoxine‐deficient diets caused significantly higher plasma cholesterol than the diets with added pyridoxine.The aorta vliolcsterol showed changes in the same direction. Liver chiolesterol was not, significantly affectd.The pyridoxine‐deficient diets caused lower cholesterol content in the heart than did the supplemented diets.Polyevie fatty acids: With a fat‐free, pyrudixine‐deficient diet a marked content of tetraenoic acid was found in heart and liver, whereas the tritenoic acid was proportionally decreased.Feeding of 10% peanut oil without pyridoxine caused less deposition of tetraenoic in heart and especially in the liver than feeding of 10 % peanut oil with pyridoxine.Addition of 1% cholesterol to the diets resulted in a decrease in the amount of tetraenoic acid in heart and liver.
The Life Spsn of the Erythrocytes of Normal and of Tumour‐bearing Mice as Determined by Glycine‐2–14C.
Authors: EHREXSTEIN GÜNTER v. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

The life span of the erythrocytes of healthy and of tumour‐bearing mice was determined with glycine‐2–14C as a tracer.
The rate of destruction of the erythrocytes of healthy mice was found to be a function of the age of the erythrocytes.
The average life span of the erythrocytes of healthy male TE mice varied between 40–46 days, the mean value was 42 days. The rorresponcling figure for healthy male C3H mice was 40 days.
After the transplantation of an Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growing in the solid form, the average life span of the erythrocytes formed in healthy male TE mice was shortened to 26 days.
The erythrocytes of cancerous mice were found to be destroyed at random. Their mean survival time was 14 days in inale TE mice bearing Ehrlich ascites carcinoma growing in the solid form and 16 days in female C3H mice bearing spontaneous mammary carcinoma. The rates of haemoglobin and red corpuscle formation and destruction were about 3 times the rates in healthy mice.
The Stimulation Threshold of Different Sympathetic Fibre Groups as Correlated to Their Functional Differentiation.
Authors: FOLKOW BJÖRN , JOHANSSON BÖRJE , ÖBERG. BENGT 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

The differences in stimulation threshold of the preganglionic fibres to a number of functionally‐differentiated sympathetic neuro‐effectors have been studied.
The results indicate that the fibres to the cutaneous arterio‐venous anastomoses, to the nictitating membrane and the pupil have as an average the lowest threshold, and hence probably the largest fibre diameters. Another group is formed by the constrictor fibres to, e. g., the ordinary skin vessels, the muscle and the tongue vessels, while the sympathetic dilator fibres to the muscle vessels have by far the highest threshold, and therefore probably the smallest diameter.
Inhibitory Action of Allicin on Degranulation of Mast Cells Produced by Compound 48/80, Histamine Liberator from Ascaris, Lecithinase A, and Antigen.
Authors: HÖGBERG BERTIL , UVNÄS. BÖRTE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

Allicin — a potent enzyme inhibitor prepared from garlic —was observed to block in low concentrations (2. 10‐6‐2 * 10‐4‐ M) the in vitro degranulation of rat mast cells produced by compound 48/80, by a histamine liberator prepared from Ascaris lumbricoides, by antigen‐antibody reaction, and by lecithinase A. Glutathione in excess reversed the blocked degranulating processes.
The observations were considered to support our theory that the degranulation of mast cells produced by those agents is due to activation of a lytic enzyme attached to the mast cell membrane.
This enzyme is— in common with lecithinase A — dependent on sulfhydryl groups for its activity.
Experimental Demonstration of the Enclidean‐Pythagorean Structure and the Quadratic Metries in the Perceptutal Manifold of the Cutantous Tactile Sense.
Authors: BERGSTRÖM R. M. , LINDFORS. K. O. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.It is demonstrated experimentally that quadratic metrics apply in the component structures with intensity and surface area dimensions of the haptic type of perception.
A Rapid Method for the Study of the Effect of Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Cholesterol Metabolism in Rats
Authors: HAUGE JENS G. , NICOLAYSEN RAGNAR 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHauge, J. G. anti R. Nicolaysen. A rapid method for the study of the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on cholesterol metabolism in rats. Acta physiol. scand. 1959. 45. 19–25. – A method for biological testing of the effect of unsaturated fatty acids on the cholesterol metabolism in rats is described. Pregnant mothers and the litters born are given a diet containing 10 % hydrogenated coconut oil and 1 % cholesterol. The young rats grow approximately at a normal rate the first 4 weeks of life; in the following 50 days weight increase slows down and very high liver and plasma cholesterol values result together with various symptoms of essential fatty acid deficiency. Serum cholesterol is analysed in each rat, and grouping follows according to sex and serum cholesterol values so that equal group values result for zero day. Next the fatty acids or fats to be tested are dosed in geometrically increasing doses with 10–12 rats in each group. Following two weeks daily dosing, a new blood sample is collected and the depression of serum cholesterol for each group is calculated. Liver and plasma cholesterol are approximately equally depressed, and group reductions of more than 50 % have been observed.
The Serum Cholesterol Depressive Effect of Linoleic, Linolenic Acids and of Cod Liver Oil in Experimental Hypercholesterolacmic Rats
Authors: HAUGCE JENS G. , NICOLAYSEN RAGNAR 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHauge, J. Cr. and R. Nicolayses. The serum cholesterol depressive effect of linoleic, linolenic acids and of cod liver oil in experimental hypercholesterolaemic rats. Acta physiol. scad. 1959. 45, 26–30. — With the aid of the method of Hauge and Nicolaysen the serum cholesterol depressive effect of various samples of highly un saturated fatty acids or oils was studied. Linolenic acid had a stronger depressive effect than linoleic acid, and the polyunsaturated fatty acids of cod liver oil seemed to have an even stronger effect, since the effect of whole cod liver oil was at least equal to that of linolenic acid.
Motor Unit Territory in Different Human Muscles
Authors: BUCHTHAL FRITZ , ERMINIO FRANUESCO , ROSENFALCK POUL 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBuchthal, P., I?. Erminio and P. Rosekfalck. Motor unit territory in different human muscles. Acta physiol. scand. 1959. 45. 72–47. — The spread of action potentials from motor units of different human muscles was studied by means of a twelve lead multielectrode. The occurrence of a positive‐negative deflection in the potential of less than 0.2 msec duration indicated the presence of active muscle fibres in the immediate vicinity of the recording lead. In this way the fibres of a motor unit were found to be confined to a circular area of 5–7 mm diameter for the muscles of the upper extremities and of 7–10 mm in the lower extremities. Such areas allow space for the fibres of 25 motor units each comprising 500–2,000 fibres. Within the same muscle or the same type of muscle the diameter of the motor unit territory varied by a factor of four. The maximum voltage within the motor unit increased linearly with the territory. The different average values of maximum voltage and territory in different muscles are interpreted in terms of differences in fibre concentration and total number of fibres per motor unit.
Influence of Specific Group Inhibitors and Enzymes on Intrinsic Factor Activity
Authors: GRÄBBECK RALPH 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGräsbeck, Ralph. Influence of specific group inhibitors and enzymes on intrinsic factor activitk. Acta physiol. scad. 1959. 45. 88–95. — In order to elucidate the relationship of vitamin B12‐binding capacity and physiological intrinsic factor activity, human gastric juice and a hog stomach preparation were subjected to treatment with chemicals and enzymes. Thereafter the B12‐binding capacity and physiological activity were assayed by the use of Co60‐labeled vitamin B12. In all cases where the B.,‐binding power was lost, the intrinsic factor activity was also lost. In almost all cases where the binding power was retained the physiological activity also remained, only one exception being found. The results are interpreted to indicate that intrinsic factor (a part of the molecule or a subfactor in a multifactor system) binds B12, and that a phenolic group may be contained in the binding structure. In addition, another part of the intrinsic factor seems to be involved in the physiological action but not in the binding process.
Studios on the Effect of Other Alcohols on the Metnbolism of Methanol in Rnt Livoa Homogemtes
Authors: ICOIVUSALO MARTTI 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The effect of various lower aliphatic aloohols on the accumulation of formaldehyde in rat liver homogenates incubated with methanol has been studied. The addition of ethanol inhibited very clearly the accumulation of formaldehyde, n‐propanol, isopropanol or n‐butanol had no effect on the accumulation of formaldehyde.
Studies on the Metabolism of Methanol and Formaldehyde in vitro in Molybdennm Deficiency Induced by Tungstnte Feeding
Authors: KOIVUSALO MARTTI 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The formation of formaldehyde from methanol in liver homogenates was almost totally abolished in molybdenum‐deficiency induced by tungstate feeding. The addition of diphosphopyridine nucleotide, adenosine triphosphate or xanthine was not able to increase the formation of formaldehyde from methanol in the molybdenum‐deficient liver homogenates as it did in normal homogenates. The utilisation of added formaldehyde was also depressed in the molybdenum‐deficient homogenates. The liver xanthine oxidase activity fell to very low values after the feeding of tungstate, but the catalase activity of liver was not affected by it.
Influence of Some Specific Group Inhibitor on Rat Intrinsic Factor
Authors: GRÄSBECH RALPH 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The influence of some specific group inhibitors on rat intrinsic factor was studied in order to elucidate the nature of the active structure of intrinsic factor. Iodine and fluorodinitrobenzene inhibited both the vitamin B12‐‐binding capacity and the physiological intrinsic factor activity, whereas p‐chloromercuribenzoate and diisopropylfluorophosphate lacked effect on either activity. The results add further evidence in favor of the concept that intrinsic factor contains an essential structure which binds B12, and that a phenolic group may be involved in this structure.
The Estimation of Catechol Amines in Urine
Authors: EULER U. S. V. , LISHAJKO F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.Some modifications in the fluorimetric method of Euler and Floding are described. The urine sample, usually 25 ml, is adjusted to pH 8.2–8.3 and passed through a column of aluminium oxide. The catechols are eluted with acetic acid, neutralized with ammonia to pH 6.2–6.3, oxidized with potassium ferricyanide and transformed to stable lutines with alkali and ascorbic acid. The fluorescence of the lutines is read with two filter sets and the amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline computed.
Some Biological Effects of Two Crystalline Prostaglandin Factors
Authors: BERGSTRÖM S. , ELIASSON R. , EULER U. S. V. , SJÖVALL J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The effects of two crystalline fractions of prostaglandin (PGE and PGF) were tested on a variety of isolated organs and on the blood pressure of the rabbit. Characteristic differences in the activity ratio for PGE and PGF were noted for different organs. The biological actions of partially purified preparations of prostaglandin could be largely but not wholly explained by assuming that they contained a mixture of PGF and PGE.
On the Role of Omlotic Water Transport in the Secretion of the Aqueous Huniour1
Authors: AURICCHIO GIACINTO , BÁRAANY ERNST H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.Part of the water of a hypertonic secretion will enter passively along the osmotic gradient between blood and secretion. The aqueous humour is hypertonic in several species and it is often thought that all of its water enters as a consequence of the hypertonicity. To investigate this point, the osmotic pressure difference aqueous‐plasma and the mobility of water under osmotic forces across the barrier between aqueous and plasma have been measured in anaesthetized cats.The thermo‐electric vapour pressure method was used. In steady state, the aqueous of the posterior chamber in cats was about 5 mOsm/l hypertonic to plasma. With the secretion rate of 15 μlmin water mobility would have to be about 3 μl/min/mOsm/l in order to explain the rate of water secretion by osmotic attraction.In order to measure the actual water mobility, sudden changes in the osmotic pressure of the plasma were induced by anisotonic injections and the initial rate of volume change of the intraocular contents correlated with the (measured) degree of anisotonicity of the plasma. The mobility found was far below 3 μl/min/mOsni/l. Hence, water movement is not due to osmotic attraction by the bulk of the aqueous.It is stressed that osmotic pressure measurements in vitro can be quite misleading when applied to living systems. In vitro methods use perfect membranes or their equivalents, which have no certain counterpart in vivo. Since in the living organism a steady state concentration difference can be upheld even across a leaky membrane, the magnitude and even direction of the osmotic force existing in vivo can differ markedly from that measured in vitro.
Studies of the Effect of X‐Rays on the Glucuronide Synthesis by the Liver
Authors: HARTIALA K. , NäNTO V. , RINNE U. K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The effect of local X‐irradiation of the liver on the hepatic glucuronide synthesis capacity was studied in rats. The liver was irradiated under nembutal anesthesia. The glucuronide synthesis of the liver slices was then measured in vitro using o‐aminophenol as the toxic substance. The 1,200 r radiation dose caused a depression in the glucuronide conjugation capacity, this effect reached its maximum on the 3rd day after the irradiation. This was followed by a compensatory phase. When applying a smaller radiation dose (400 r) an increase in the conjugation capacity was noted on the first day. This was followed by a decrease slightly below the control level and later by a compensatory phase. The results are discussed in light of our previous similar studies with rat gastric mucous membrane.
Quantitative Determination of Cholinesterase in Individual Spinal Ganglion Cells
Authors: GIACOBINI EZIO 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The cholinesterase content of neurones belonging to the spinal ganglia of the rat has been investigated microchemically by means of a Cartesian diver technique. Most of the cells examined showed a measurable ChE activity. The ChE activity varies significantly from cell to cell and the statistical analysis of the data showed that two different groups of cells are present having respectively high and low activity. An additional group of cells did not show any measurable activity. The results are discussed in the light of morphological and physiological data.
Effect of Disulfiram (Tetrnethylthiurnin Disulphide) on the Metabolism of Methanol in Rat Liver Homogenates
Authors: KOIVUSALO MARTTI 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The effect of disulfiram on the accumulation of formaldehyde in liver homogenates incubated with methanol has been studied in rats after feeding them high doses of disulfiram (1.0–4.5 g per kg daily for 9 days). The catalase and xanthine oxidase activities of the livers have also been determined. The formation of formaldehyde has been determined photometrically. The accumulation of formaldehyde in the liver homogenates from disulfiram‐treated rats was not increased, but slightly inhibited by almost lethal doses. It was not stimulated by ATP as in normal animals. The liver catalase activity was clearly lowered in the disulfiram‐treated rats. The liver xanthine oxidase activity was also diminished in these rats but not constantly.
Acetyltttion of p‐Aminobenzoic Acid in Various Animal Tissues in vitro
Authors: KOIWSALO MARTTI , LUUKKAINEN TAPANI 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The acetylation of p‐aminobenzoic acid has been studied in vitro in rat heart, lung, kidney and liver preparations as well as in ox kidney. The method of Bratton and Marshall (1939) has been used for the determination of diazotizable amines. The experiments were carried out with tissue preparations cut into small pieces with scissors. All of these tissues were able to convert p‐aminobenzoic acid to non‐diazotizable derivatives, which were assumed to be acetyl conjugates. This has not been shown earlier with ox kidney tissue or with the heart and lung of any animal.
The Behaviour of Potassium in Rat Liver Cells at Physiological Variations of the Glycogen Content
Authors: EDLUND Y. , ISAKSSON B. , SUNZEL H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The amounts of glucose, water and potassium entering rat liver cells in vivo were calculated in 34 animals. The estimations of these components and of fat, nitrogen and chloride were made on the homogenized liver, and the results related to the glycogen content. The calculations were based on the assumption that the absolute amount of nitrogen per cell remained unchanged during the experimental conditions. If 115–175 meq potassium are required per litre water for maintaining osmosis, “extra” potassium ranging from 50 to 25 per cent of the total was found to enter the cell. The possible explanations for the entrance of the “extra” potassium are briefly discussed.
Liver Mitochondria Lipids in Hypercholesterolaemic Rats Given Polyenoic Fatty Acids
Authors: HAUGE JENS G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The reductions in serum cholesterol observed in this laboratory in experimental hypercholesterolaemic rats given small doses of polyun‐saturated fatty acids over a period of 14 days may be due to an increase in the cholesterol degrading activity of the liver mitochondria. The effect of the treatment on the polyenoic fatty acid composition of the mitochondrial lipids was therefore investigated and correlated to the changes in total serum lipids and the serum cholesterol esters. Parallel changes in mitochondria and serum were found, linoleate affecting the dien and tetraen content, linolenate and pentaen‐ and hexaen‐rich fractions of cod liver oil affecting the pentaenoic and hexaenoic acid concentrations. An important exception to this rule, however, was found in the high and almost constant content of trienoic acids in the mitochondria, an acid group abundantly present also in the liver mitochondria of rats on the linoleic acid containing stock diet. The probable nature of the trienoic acids involved is discussed.
Untersuchungen über Eigenschaften und Verwendungsmöglichkeiten eines flexiblen Extremitätenplethysmografen.
Authors: GRAF KLAUS , WESTERSTEN ALLAN 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The flexible extremity plethysmographs described by Dohn were investigated on a dummy and in situ and found especially suitable for blood flow measurements by means of occlusion plethysmography. The models for forearm and calf could be used also on moving subjects, e. g. performing physical work. The plethysmographs consist of thin air‐filled rubber cuffs. Volume changes of the extremity caused proportional changes of the filling pressure of the plethysmographs, which at rest was 40 mm H2O and during venous occlusion increased by less than 10 mm H2O. The pressure changes were continuously recorded on a capacitance manometer. Some properties and applications of the plethysmographs are described.
On the Physiology of the Cutaneous Sensory Modalities.
Authors: BING H. I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.Some effects of direct cutaneous application of adrenaline, noradrenaline, acetylcholine, atropine and histamine on the sensory modalities, especially cold spots and pain are reported. After application of adrenaline or noradrenaline the number of cold spots increases. A crossed reflex occurs on the opposite side of the body with exactly the same reactions. Trilafon nullifies the effect on cold spots both at the original site and at the symmetrical contralateral site. The increase disappears slowly in the course of 3–4 days. It is noticeably longest on the reflexly affected side. Also acetylcholine increases the number of cold spots both at the original site and at the symmetrical contralateral site. This increase disappears extremely rapidly. Application of atropine reduces considerably the number of cold spots. Here is also a symmetrical reflex. By applying histamine to the skin the cold spots are reduced or vanish on both sides. At the same time there arises a characteristic change in the sensitivity of the skin with superficial hypaesthesia, deeper hyperaesthesia and hyperalgesia. It is shown that histamine is released in the area in question and that the reflex itself can be explained in this way.
Distribution of C14 in Rats after Intravenous Injection of Non‐Esterified Palmitic Acid‐1‐C14.
Authors: LAURELL SIGFRID 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The metabolism of non‐esterified fatty acids in the plasma was studied by investigating the distribution of intravenously injected non‐esterified palmitic acid‐1‐C14 in rats. Lipids from different organs were studied for activity directly or after separation by means of chromatography on silicic acid columns. The bulk of the activity was found to be taken up by the liver and muscle tissue. A minor fraction was recovered in the fat depots. The results suggested that the fat depots might take up non‐esterified fatty acids from plasma without simultaneous esterification. A fair proportion of the palmitic acid was retransported in the plasma glyceride fraction after esterification, probably in the liver.
The Response Pattern of Taste Fibres in the Chorda Tympani of the Monkey.
Authors: GORDON GEORGE , KITCHELL RALPH , STRÖM LENNART , ZOTTERMAN YNGVE 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The electrical responses of taste fibres in the chorda tympani of Macacus rhesus were recorded during the application of various sapid substances to the tongue. Integrated responses from the whole nerve indicate that this monkey possesses taste fibres responding both to the four conventional classes of taste substances NaCl, acid, quinine and sugar, and also positively to pure water. Records from few‐fibre and single‐fibre preparations showed that each fibre has a specific pattern of sensitivity to the various sapid substances. Certain gustatory fibres responded very specifically to one class of substances only e. g. to salt, acid or to quinine. Fibres responding to sucrose almost always responded to saccharine as well, sometimes also to water, and occasionally to other sapid substances which do not taste sweet to humans, such as quinine or acid. The monkey seems to be the first animal investigated possessing taste fibres responding to sucrose which also respond to saccharine. The least specific taste fibres in this animal seem to be those responding to water.