bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in fine‐needle aspiration biopsies
Authors: Mousavi Seyedreza , Ono Yuho , VanderLaan Paul A. , Guzmán‐Arocho Yaileen D. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs), although rare, are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Their potential for malignancy underscores the significance of identifying them through cytomorphologic findings and pertinent immunohistochemical markers. GISTs can emerge anywhere along the gastrointestinal tract with a predilection for the stomach. The clinical manifestations vary from nonspecific abdominal symptoms to incidental discovery during diagnostic interventions for unrelated signs and symptoms. Cytologically, GIST aspirates contain spindle or epithelioid cells with immunoreactivity for CD117/c‐KIT, DOG‐1, and CD34. Molecularly, KIT or PDGFRA mutations are prevalent, guiding targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Distinct subtypes like succinate dehydrogenase‐deficient GISTs pose challenges, often affecting younger individuals and displaying unique features. Histologically, GISTs are graded by mitotic rates, aiding prognostication. Distinguishing GISTs from similar entities is pivotal, necessitating attention to their immunostaining patterns for making an accurate diagnosis and molecular alterations for effectively planning treatment. Common differential diagnoses include leiomyoma, schwannoma, and solitary fibrous tumor. This article presents a classic GIST case and showcases relatively simple diagnostic clues for identifying similar lesions that may occur in diverse locations.
The thermal breadth of temperate and tropical freshwater insects supports the climate variability hypothesis
Authors: Dewenter Beatrice S. , Shah Alisha A. , Hughes Jane , Poff N. LeRoy , Thompson Ross , Kefford Ben J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractClimate change involves increases in mean temperature and changes in temperature variability at multiple temporal scales but research rarely considers these temporal scales. The climate variability hypothesis (CVH) provides a conceptual framework for exploring the potential effects of annual scale thermal variability across climatic zones. The CVH predicts ectotherms in temperate regions tolerate a wider range of temperatures than those in tropical regions in response to greater annual variability in temperate regions. However, various other aspects of thermal regimes (e.g. diel variability), organisms' size and taxonomic identity are also hypothesised to influence thermal tolerance. Indeed, high temperatures in the tropics have been proposed as constraining organisms' ability to tolerate a wide range of temperatures, implying that high annual maximum temperatures would be associated with tolerating a narrow range of temperatures. We measured thermal regimes and critical thermal limits (CTmax and CTmin) of freshwater insects in the orders Ephemeroptera (mayflies), Plecoptera (stoneflies) and Trichoptera (caddisflies) along elevation gradients in streams in temperate and tropical regions of eastern Australia and tested the CVH by determining which variables were most correlated with thermal breadth (Tbr = CTmax − CTmin). Consistent with the CVH, Tbr tended to increase with increasing annual temperature range. Tbr also increased with body size and Tbr was generally wider in Plecoptera than in Ephemeroptera or Trichoptera. We also find some support for a related hypothesis, the climate extreme hypothesis (CEH), particularly for predicting upper thermal limits. We found no evidence that higher annual maximum temperature constrained individuals' abilities to tolerate a wide range of temperatures. The support for the CVH we document suggests that temperate organisms may be able to tolerate wider ranges of temperatures than tropical organisms. There is an urgent need to investigate other aspects of thermal regimes, such as diel temperature cycling and minimum temperature.
Migratory singers dynamically overlap the signal space of a breeding warbler community
Authors: Sblendorio Joanna M. , Vonhof Maarten J. , Gill Sharon A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractMigratory species inhabit many communities along their migratory routes. Across taxa, these species repeatedly move into and out of communities, interacting with each other and locally breeding species and competing for resources and niche space. However, their influence is rarely considered in analyses of ecological processes within the communities they temporarily occupy. Here, we explore the impact of migratory species on a breeding community using the framework of acoustic signal space, a limited resource in which sounds of species within communities co‐exist. Migrating New World warblers (Parulidae, hereafter referred to as migrant species) often sing during refueling stops in areas and at times during which locally breeding warbler species (hereafter breeding species) are singing to establish territories and attract mates. We used eBird data to determine the co‐occurrence of 19 migrant and 11 breeding warbler species across spring migration in SW Michigan, generated a signal space from song recordings of these species, and examined patterns of signaling overlap experienced by breeding species as migrants moved through the community. Migrant species were present for two‐thirds of the breeding season of local species, including periods when breeding species established territories and attracted mates. Signaling niche overlap experienced by individual breeding species was idiosyncratic and varied over time, yet niche overlap between migrant and breeding species occurred more commonly than between breeding species or between migrant species. Nevertheless, the proportion of niche overlap between migrant and breeding warblers was similar to overlap among breeding species. Our findings showed that singing by migrant species overlapped the signals of many breeding species, suggesting that migrants could have unexplored impacts on communication in breeding species, potentially affecting song detection and song evolution. Our study contributes to a growing body of research documenting the impacts of migratory species on communities and ecosystems.
Early warning indicators capture catastrophic transitions driven by explicit rates of environmental change
Authors: Arumugam Ramesh , Guichard Frederic , Lutscher Frithjof 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn response to external changes, ecosystems can undergo catastrophic transitions. Early warning indicators aim to predict such transitions based on the phenomenon of critical slowing down at bifurcation points found under a constant environment. When an explicit rate of environmental change is considered, catastrophic transitions can become distinct phenomena from bifurcations, and result from a delayed response to noncatastrophic bifurcations. We use a trophic metacommunity model where transitions in time series and bifurcations of the system are distinct phenomena. We calculate early warning indicators from the time series of the continually changing system and show that they predict not the bifurcation of the underlying system but the actual catastrophic transition driven by the explicit rate of change. Predictions based on the bifurcation structure could miss catastrophic transitions that can still be captured by early warning signals calculated from time series. Our results expand the repertoire of mechanistic models used to anticipate catastrophic transitions to nonequilibrium ecological systems exposed to a constant rate of environmental change.
Upregulation of IL4‐induced gene 1 enzyme by B2 cells during melanoma progression impairs their antitumor properties
Authors: Bekkat Fériel , Seradj Malvina , Lengagne Renée , Fiore Frédéric , Kato Masashi , Lucas Bruno , Castellano Flavia , Molinier‐Frenkel Valérie , Richard Yolande , Prévost‐Blondel Armelle 
Published: February 2024

AbstractB cells present in human cutaneous melanoma have been associated with protective or detrimental effects on disease progression according to their phenotype. By using the RET model of spontaneous melanoma and adoptive transfer of B16 melanoma cells, we show that immature and follicular B2 (B2‐FO) cells exert a protective effect on melanoma progression by promoting the generation of effector memory T cells and limiting the recruitment of polymorphonuclear myeloid‐derived suppressor cells. Unfortunately, this beneficial effect progressively wanes as a consequence of enhanced expression of the IL4‐induced gene 1 (IL4I1) enzyme by immature B cells and B2‐FO cells. Endogenous IL4I1 selectively decreases CXCR5 expression in splenic immature B cells, subverting their trafficking to primary tumors and enhancing the production of IL‐10 by B2 cells, thereby promoting an immunosuppressive microenvironment. Accordingly, B2 cells from RET IL4I1KO mice more efficiently controlled B16 melanoma growth than B2 cells from IL4I1‐competent RET mice. Collectively, immature B cells and B2‐FO cells are key actors in the control of melanoma growth, but their mobility and functions are differently impaired by IL4I1 overexpression during melanoma progression. Thus, our present data strongly urge us to associate an IL4I1 antagonist with current immunotherapy to improve the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
Hydroxymethyl‐Substituted Tetrathiatriarylmethanol with Variable Reactivity: Selective Access to Three Different Trityl Radicals by Unique Acid‐Mediated Reactions
Authors: Gao Yande , Feng Meirong , Gao Longfei , Leng Yurui , Han Guifang , Song Yuguang , Liu Yangping 
Published: February 2024

AbstractTetrathiatriarylmethyl radicals have found wide applications in electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging as well as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Recently, intense effort has been devoted to the derivatization of trityl radicals, but there is still a lack of highly efficient methods for access to these radicals. Herein, we report novel acid‐mediated protocols for straightforward and selective synthesis of the hydroxymethyl, aldehyde and methyl derivatives of trityl radicals from the sole substrate hydroxymethyl‐substituted tetrathiatriarylmethanol. The resulting trityl radicals exhibit various redox properties as shown by their cyclic voltammetric results. Importantly, the use of these protocols enables site‐specific deuteration of the three trityl radicals, which show unique EPR spectral properties. Overall, our study reveals the crucial effect of the acids on the synthesis of these trityl radicals and provides a new approach for selective access to different trityl radicals, thus enriching their synthetic chemistry.
Exogenous strigolactone improves the cadmium accumulation in Solanum nigrum var. humile
Authors: Wang Huaifeng , Xu Yaxin , Yang Mingqi , Jin Xin , Li Xiufen , Dai Zhen , Zhang Dilian , Zhou Kexuan , Lin Lijin , Wang Jin 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe effects of exogenous strigolactone (using strigolactone analog GR24) on the cadmium (Cd) accumulation in Solanum nigrum var. humile were studied by a pot experiment. The Cd treatment (0.1 mg/L) inhibited the growth of S. nigrum var. humile, indicating that 0.1 mg/L produced the stress to S. nigrum var. humile. Spraying GR24 at 1 μmol/L did not change plant dry biomass, increased the photosynthetic pigment content and catalase activity, and decreased the peroxidase activity under Cd stress. By contrast, spraying GR24 at 2 μmol/L had no significant effects on these parameters. The superoxide dismutase activity was decreased by GR24 at 1 μmol/L, but increased by GR24 at 2 μmol/L. Nevertheless, both GR24 at 1 and 2 μmol/L increased the Cd contents, bioconcentration factors, and Cd extractions in various plant organs. Compared to Cd treatment, GR24 at 1 and 2 μmol/L increased the shoot Cd extraction by 20.0% and 14.5%, respectively. So, application of exogenous strigolactone could improve the phytoremediation capacity of S. nigrum var. humile. Correlation and grey relational analyses showed that the root Cd content, shoot Cd content, and root Cd extraction were the top three parameters closely related to the shoot Cd extraction. These findings suggest that exogenous strigolactone can effectively promote the Cd accumulation in S. nigrum var. humile, presenting a promising solution to enhance its phytoremediation capacity.
Energy requirement in non‐centrifugal sugars production units and its mitigation via steam controlled concentration techniques
Authors: Thulasiraman Venkatesh , Kothakota Anjineyulu , Sajeev Moothandaserry S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNon‐centrifugal sugars (NCS) are traditionally consumed sweeteners which are gaining momentum in the global market due to the presence of nutritional and mineral content. Traditionally NCS is produced by concentrating sugarcane juices in an open pan evaporation process using dried bagasse as a fuel. Field trials at the traditional production site of NCS showed the energy efficiency as low as 8%–10%. Moreover, the effective bagasse consumption as a fuel stands at 7–8 kg/kg NCS production, whereas, as per stoichiometry and theoretical calculations, the actual bagasse consumption required for the production of NCS is a mere 0.65 kg/kg NCS production. Hence, as an alternative to the existing process, the concentration of cane juices by steam‐controlled evaporation has been studied and it has been found that the steam‐controlled evaporation can enhance the energy efficiency to 78%–83% with an effective bagasse consumption of 1.05 ± 0.04 kg/kg NCS production.
Remote sensing assessment of anthropogenic and climate variation effects on river channel morphology and vegetation: Impact of dry periods on a European piedmont river
Authors: Nones Michael , Guerrero Massimo , Schippa Leonardo , Cavalieri Irene 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRivers are subject to increasing human pressure, resulting in a loss of their natural characteristics, further enhanced by climate change. The present study focuses on a piedmont reach of the Italian Po River and combines Landsat satellite information with hydrological records to investigate changes in sandbars exposure and riparian vegetation coverage, considering the summer period of 1984–2022. Satellite data were handled via Google Earth Engine, looking at common indexes such as the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, which was used to identify temporal variations in wetted channel area, and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, considered as a proxy of vegetation coverage variations. Changes in the river hydrology were analysed by looking at the annual minimum water levels, the discharge duration curve, the stage–discharge relationship and the yearly annual water volume. Results suggest that a process of oversimplification is affecting this reach of the Po River, showing how climate change can affect piedmont European watercourses. Indeed, after an initial period where bars tended to be barer and somehow stable over time, in the most recent decade a different trend appeared, with vegetation able to colonize the exposed sandbars more. Using the Po River as an exemplary case study, this work suggests that prolonged dry periods, which are more common in recent decades, might impact large and medium rivers located in temperate climates, favouring the development of vegetation on exposed sandbars, eventually resulting in a less dynamic active channel.
Identifying geomorphic domains using hierarchically clustered drainage area‐slope scaling
Authors: Wang Yanzai 
Published: February 2024

AbstractArea‐slope scaling is an important tool for analysing geomorphic processes. In this study, we used hierarchical clustering to sort the area‐slope scaling data for both the numerical landscape created using the LandLab model and real landscapes. Random forest analysis was used to explore the effect of hierarchical clustering. We aimed to illustrate the heterogeneous features of area‐slope clustering and their influencing factors and to test whether they can be used to distinguish geomorphic domains. Our results showed that hierarchical clustering can easily detect the heterogeneous features of area‐slope scaling constrained by tectonic uplift and fluvial erodibility but not those constrained by the diffusion coefficient. The slope gradients over the inflection/transition zone of the colluvial and fluvial domains play a key role in identifying area‐slope scaling from different geomorphic domains. Case studies show that area‐slope scaling of clusters would be affected by different lithology and distance away from the trunk channel. In the high erosion circumstance, the fluvial process caused by tectonics leads to increasing slope gradients over whole geomorphic domains, as well as to retreating inflection between the colluvial and fluvial process domains. In low erosion circumstances or steady state, the fluvial process caused by nearby rivers cannot effectively change the slope gradients but can retreat the inflection. The real landscapes suggest that basins should be carefully selected for area‐slope scaling analysis to ensure that they are representative of the entire study area. Before geomorphological research, more basins of a specific research region need to be selected to conduct hierarchical clustering to select representative basins. Our study could be helpful in the identification of area‐slope domains, the extraction of geomorphic metrics and geomorphic process research.
Loess susceptibility to erosion: Interaction of cohesion sources, air slaking and confinement
Authors: Vojtíšek Jan , Bruthans Jiří 
Published: February 2024

AbstractErosion in loess is a widespread phenomenon, as loess covers about 10% of the Earth's land surface. While erosion of loess soil has been intensively studied, the mechanisms controlling erosion in gullies and pipes in loess are poorly understood. Cohesion plays an important role in erosion in loess. Interactions between erosional processes and stabilizing mechanisms in loess are poorly understood. This study focuses on the interaction between air slaking and stabilization by confinement to improve leaching techniques for identifying cohesion sources in undisturbed loess from four sites in Czechia. The decrease in tensile strength of samples after leaching in distilled water, dithionate, HCl, and hydrogen peroxide was used to selectively remove cohesion sources such as Fe‐Al oxides and hydroxides, carbonates, and organic matter. Experiments showed that confinement and overburden stress are important but neglected stabilizing mechanisms in loess. Leaching of unconfined loess samples gave misleading results because of ubiquitous air slaking. To reliably identify cohesion sources, samples confined in compacted sand were used. Leaching of confined samples showed that Fe‐Al oxides and hydroxides are major sources of cohesion (60–90%), while carbonates and organic matter are of minor importance (0–30%). To avoid misleading results, examination of loess structure after leaching is critical to identify samples with damaged structure due to enhanced air slaking caused by bubbles generated during leaching. Air slaking is a powerful and rapid damage mechanism, but it occurs only in dry or semi‐dry loess near the soil surface. In contrast, chemical weathering is able to remove cohesion sources in deeper parts of the loess profile.
Adolescent to young adult longitudinal development of subcortical volumes in two European sites with four waves
Authors: Backhausen Lea L. , Fröhner Juliane H. , Lemaître Hervé , Artiges Eric , Martinot Marie‐Laure Palillère , Herting Megan M. , Sticca Fabio , Banaschewski Tobias , Barker Gareth J. , Bokde Arun L. W. , Desrivières Sylvane , Flor Herta , Grigis Antoine , Garavan Hugh , Gowland Penny , Heinz Andreas , Brühl Rüdiger , Nees Frauke , Papadopoulos‐Orfanos Dimitri , Poustka Luise , Hohmann Sarah , Robinson Lauren , Walter Henrik , Winterer Jeanne , Whelan Robert , Schumann Gunter , Martinot Jean‐Luc , Smolka Michael N. , Vetter Nora C. ,   the IMAGEN Consortium
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdolescent subcortical structural brain development might underlie psychopathological symptoms, which often emerge in adolescence. At the same time, sex differences exist in psychopathology, which might be mirrored in underlying sex differences in structural development. However, previous studies showed inconsistencies in subcortical trajectories and potential sex differences. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the subcortical structural trajectories and their sex differences across adolescence using for the first time a single cohort design, the same quality control procedure, software, and a general additive mixed modeling approach. We investigated two large European sites from ages 14 to 24 with 503 participants and 1408 total scans from France and Germany as part of the IMAGEN project including four waves of data acquisition. We found significantly larger volumes in males versus females in both sites and across all seven subcortical regions. Sex differences in age‐related trajectories were observed across all regions in both sites. Our findings provide further evidence of sex differences in longitudinal adolescent brain development of subcortical regions and thus might eventually support the relationship of underlying brain development and different adolescent psychopathology in boys and girls.
Risk factors for internalizing symptoms: The influence of empathy, theory of mind, and negative thinking processes
Authors: Konrad Annika C. , Förster Katharina , Stretton Jason , Dalgleish Tim , Böckler‐Raettig Anne , Trautwein Fynn‐Mathis , Singer Tania , Kanske Philipp 
Published: February 2024

AbstractInternalizing symptoms such as elevated stress and sustained negative affect can be important warning signs for developing mental disorders. A recent theoretical framework suggests a complex interplay of empathy, theory of mind (ToM), and negative thinking processes as a crucial risk combination for internalizing symptoms. To disentangle these relationships, this study utilizes neural, behavioral, and self‐report data to examine how the interplay between empathy, ToM, and negative thinking processes relates to stress and negative affect. We reanalyzed the baseline data of N = 302 healthy participants (57% female, Mage = 40.52, SDage = 9.30) who participated in a large‐scale mental training study, the ReSource project. Empathy and ToM were assessed using a validated fMRI paradigm featuring naturalistic video stimuli and via self‐report. Additional self‐report scales were employed to measure internalizing symptoms (perceived stress, negative affect) and negative thinking processes (rumination and self‐blame). Our results revealed linear associations of self‐reported ToM and empathic distress with stress and negative affect. Also, both lower and higher, compared to average, activation in the anterior insula during empathic processing and in the middle temporal gyrus during ToM performance was significantly associated with internalizing symptoms. These associations were dependent on rumination and self‐blame. Our findings indicate specific risk constellations for internalizing symptoms. Especially people with lower self‐reported ToM and higher empathic distress may be at risk for more internalizing symptoms. Quadratic associations of empathy‐ and ToM‐related brain activation with internalizing symptoms depended on negative thinking processes, suggesting differential effects of cognitive and affective functioning on internalizing symptoms. Using a multi‐method approach, these findings advance current research by shedding light on which complex risk combinations of cognitive and affective functioning are relevant for internalizing symptoms.