bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Daytime Sleepiness in the Obese: Not as Simple as Obstructive Sleep Apnea
Authors: Dixon John B. , Dixon Maureen E. , Anderson Margaret L. , Schachter Linda , O'Brien Paul E. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Excessive daytime sleepiness is a common symptom in obese patients, but what drives this condition is unclear. The objective was to look for clinical, anthropometric, biochemical, and polysomnographic predictors of excessive daytime sleepiness as measured by the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) in obese patients.Research Methods and Procedures: The ESS questionnaire was completed by 1055 consecutive patients presenting for obesity surgery. Those at high risk for obstructive sleep apnea (n = 331) had diagnostic overnight polysomnography preoperatively. All patients had preoperative clinical, hematologic, and biochemical measurements and completed multiple questionnaires.Results: There was no significant relationship between ESS score and any measure of diagnostic polysomnography factors, including total apnea hypopnea index. Subtle increases in ESS scores were reported in men, older patients, and those with type 2 diabetes. However, general demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical measures of the metabolic syndrome explained only 3% of ESS score variance, and inflammatory markers of C‐reactive protein and total white cell count were not predictive. Poor Short Form‐36 energy scores (b = −0.18, p < 0.001) and high Beck Depression Inventory scores were predictive of higher ESS scores (b = 0.15, p < 0.001) and, along with increasing age and male gender, explained 10% of variance. Symptoms related to disturbed nocturnal sleep explained 30% of variance.Conclusion: In severely obese subjects, increased daytime sleepiness does not seem to be driven by obstructive sleep apnea, the degree of obesity, or anthropometric, metabolic, or inflammatory markers of the metabolic syndrome. It is, however, associated with poor energy, symptoms of depression, and symptoms of nocturnal sleep disturbance.
No Association between rs7566605 Variant and Being Overweight in Japanese
Authors: Kuzuya Masafumi , Ando Fujiko , Iguchi Akihisa , Shimokata Hiroshi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt has recently been demonstrated that a common single‐nucleotide polymorphism (rs7566605) upstream of the transcription start site for the insulin‐induced gene 2 is associated with obesity in several European/European origin or African‐American cohorts. We tested whether this variant is also linked to overweight among Asian populations. Our sample included 2233 randomly selected, community‐dwelling, middle‐age and older Japanese people (men, 1128; women, 1105; age, 40 to 79 years; C allele frequency, 0.32). We observed that there were no differences in BMI levels [men, 22.9 ± 0.3 (mean ± standard error) vs. 22.9 ± 0.1, p = 0.820; women, 22.8 ± 0.3 vs. 22.9 ± 0.1, p = 0.792], waist circumferences and hip circumferences, waist‐to‐hip ratio, and fat mass between rs7566605 GG/GC and CC genotypes in both genders. In addition, logistic regression analysis, using age and sex as covariates, revealed no association of the single‐nucleotide polymorphism with overweight (BMI ≥25) between rs7566605 genotypes in the Japanese cohort (CC vs. CG/GG, odds ratio = 1.18; 95% confidence interval = 0.84 to 1.65, p = 0.333; CC vs. GG, odds ratio = 1.19, 95% confidence interval = 0.84 to 1.69, p = 0.325). No significant associations were observed between polymorphism and glucose or insulin levels. These results suggested no association of the rs7566605 variant with overweight in Japanese people.
Metabolic Syndrome in Yup'ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health Research (CANHR) Study
Authors: Boyer Bert B. , Mohatt Gerald V. , Plaetke Rosemarie , Herron Johanna , Stanhope Kimber L. , Stephensen Charles , Havel Peter J. ,   CANHR Project Team
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: This study investigated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its defining components among Yup'ik Eskimos.Research Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional study design that included 710 adult Yup'ik Eskimos ≥18 years of age residing in 8 communities in Southwest Alaska. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was determined using the recently updated Adult Treatment Panel III criteria.Results: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this study cohort was 14.7%, and varied by sex with 8.6% of the men and 19.8% of the women having metabolic syndrome. This is lower than the prevalence of 23.9% in the general U.S. adult population. The most common metabolic syndrome components/risk factors were increased waist circumference and elevated blood glucose. High‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels in Yup'ik Eskimos were significantly higher, and triglycerides lower than levels reported in National Health and Nutritional Examination III.Discussion: Compared with other populations, metabolic syndrome is relatively uncommon in Yup'ik Eskimos. The higher prevalence among Yup'ik women is primarily explained by their large waist circumference, suggesting central body fat accumulation. Further increases in metabolic syndrome risk factors among Yup'ik Eskimos could lead to increases in the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, once rare in this population.
Quality of Life in Mexican‐American Children Following a Weight Management Program
Authors: Fullerton Ginny , Tyler Chermaine , Johnston Craig A. , Vincent John P. , Harris Gerald E. , Foreyt John P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to evaluate quality of life (QOL) in at‐risk‐for‐overweight and overweight Mexican‐American children after participating in 6 months of intensive weight management or self‐help.Research Methods and Procedures: Eighty sixth‐ and seventh‐grade at‐risk‐for‐overweight (BMI ≥85th to <95th percentile) and overweight (BMI ≥95th percentile) Mexican‐American children were randomly assigned to either intensive instructor‐led intervention (ILI) or self‐help (SH). The ILI condition included daily participation for 12 weeks in a school‐based program comprised of nutrition education, physical activity, and behavior modification, followed by ongoing monthly maintenance. QOL was assessed at baseline and 6 months via child self‐report PedsQL. QOL outcomes were compared across treatment groups, and the impact of change in zBMI on change in QOL was evaluated.Results: Children in the ILI condition not only achieved significantly greater weight loss (zBMI, −0.13 ± 0.14; p < 0.001) but also significantly greater physical QOL improvements than those in the SH condition at 6 months (p < 0.05). Furthermore, physical QOL increases were associated with zBMI reduction (p < 0.05). However, neither psychosocial nor total QOL was significantly impacted by intervention or zBMI change.Discussion: These findings show that even modest decreases in zBMI after weight management result in improved physical QOL in Mexican‐American children. These results illustrate the clear need to include evaluation of QOL in the process of identifying effective weight management programs.
Association of Major Depression and Binge Eating Disorder with Weight Loss in a Clinical Setting
Authors: Pagoto Sherry , Bodenlos Jamie S. , Kantor Lyle , Gitkind Mitchell , Curtin Carol , Ma Yunsheng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Obesity has been linked to both major depressive disorder (MDD) and binge eating disorder (BED) in clinical and epidemiological studies. The present study compared weight loss among patients with and without MDD and BED who participated in a hospital‐based weight loss program modeled after the Diabetes Prevention Program.Research Methods and Procedures: Of 131 obese patients who enrolled in treatment, 17% were diagnosed with MDD only, 13% were diagnosed with BED only, 17% were diagnosed with both MDD and BED, and 53% lacked either diagnosis in a pretreatment clinical interview.Results: After treatment, patients with MDD only attained 63% of the weight loss that non‐depressed patients attained. Patients with BED only attained 55% of the weight loss that non‐binge eaters attained. The effect of MDD on weight loss was not accounted for by the presence of BED or vice versa. Only 27% of patients with both MDD and BED achieved clinically significant weight loss compared with 67% of patients who had neither disorder. Results were not significantly altered when gender, age, and diabetes status were adjusted.Conclusion: Both MDD and BED were prevalent among this obese clinical population, and each disorder was independently associated with worse outcomes. Research is needed to investigate how to increase the efficacy of behavioral weight loss programs for individuals with MDD and/or BED.
Induction of Circadian Gene Expression in Human Subcutaneous Adipose‐derived Stem Cells
Authors: Wu Xiying , Zvonic Sanjin , Floyd Z. Elizabeth , Kilroy Gail , Goh Brian C. , Hernandez Teri L. , Eckel Robert H. , Mynatt Randall L. , Gimble Jeffrey M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Genes encoding the circadian transcriptional apparatus exhibit robust oscillatory expression in murine adipose tissues. This study tests the hypothesis that human subcutaneous adipose‐derived stem cells (ASCs) provide an in vitro model in which to monitor the activity of the core circadian transcriptional apparatus.Research Methods and Procedures: Primary cultures of undifferentiated or adipocyte‐differentiated ASCs were treated with dexamethasone, rosiglitazone, or 30% fetal bovine serum. The response of undifferentiated ASCs to dexamethasone was further evaluated in the presence of lithium chloride. Lithium inhibits glycogen synthase kinase 3, a key component of the circadian apparatus. Total RNA was harvested at 4‐hour intervals over 48 hours and examined by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results: Adipocyte‐differentiated cells responded more rapidly to treatments than their donor‐matched undifferentiated controls; however, the period of the circadian gene oscillation was longer in the adipocyte‐differentiated cells. Dexamethasone generated circadian gene expression patterns with mean periods of 25.4 and 26.7 hours in undifferentiated and adipocyte‐differentiated ASCs, respectively. Both rosiglitazone and serum shock generated a significantly longer period in adipocyte‐differentiated ASCs relative to undifferentiated ASCs. The Bmal1 profile was phase‐shifted by ∼8 to 12 hours relative to Per1, Per3, and Cry2, consistent with their expression in vivo. Lithium chloride inhibited adipogenesis and significantly lengthened the period of Per3 and Rev‐erbα gene expression profiles by >5 hours in dexamethasone‐activated undifferentiated ASCs.Discussion: These results support the initial hypothesis and validate ASCs as an in vitro model for the analysis of circadian biology in human adipose tissue.
Changes in Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle in Response to Fat Overfeeding in Lean Men
Authors: Meugnier Emmanuelle , Bossu Cécile , Oliel Myriam , Jeanne Sakina , Michaut Angélique , Sothier Monique , Brozek John , Rome Sophie , Laville Martine , Vidal Hubert 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The adaptive mechanisms in response to excess energy supply are still poorly known in humans. Our aims were to define metabolic responses and changes in gene expression in skeletal muscle of healthy volunteers during fat overfeeding.Research Methods and Procedures: Eight lean young healthy men were given a diet rich in saturated fat with an excess of ∼550 kcal/d for 4 weeks. Using oligonucleotide microarrays, gene expression changes in skeletal muscle were analyzed at Day 0, Day 14, and Day 28.Results: Fat overfeeding led to an increase in body weight (1.0 ± 0.3 kg) and waist circumference (2.2 ± 0.5 cm, p = 0.005) and a significant decrease in fasting non‐esterified fatty acid plasma levels (−29 ± 5%, p = 0.028). Respiratory quotient was significantly increased (0.84 ± 0.01 to 0.88 ± 0.02, p = 0.034) and lipid oxidation rate tended to decrease. The expression of 55 genes was modified in skeletal muscle. The main pathways indicated a coordinated stimulation of triacylglycerol synthesis, inhibition of lipolysis, reduction of fatty acid oxidation, and development of adipocytes. Promoter analysis of the regulated genes suggests that sterol regulatory element binding proteins might be important players of the short‐term adaptation to fat overfeeding in human skeletal muscle.Discussion: This combined metabolic and genomic investigation shows that fat overfeeding for 28 days promotes the storage of the excess energy in lean men and demonstrates the usefulness of a transcriptomic approach to a better understanding of the metabolic adaptation to changes in nutritional behavior in human.
Ghrelin Enhances in Vivo Skeletal Muscle But Not Liver AKT Signaling in Rats
Authors: Barazzoni Rocco , Zanetti Michela , Cattin Maria Rosa , Visintin Luca , Vinci Pierandrea , Cattin Luigi , Stebel Marco , Guarnieri Gianfranco 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Ghrelin administration can induce fat weight gain and hyperglycemia (potentially through ghrelin‐induced hepatic glucose production), but plasma ghrelin is positively associated with whole‐body insulin sensitivity (mainly reflecting muscle insulin action) being increased in lean individuals or after diet‐induced weight loss and reduced in obesity or after diet‐induced weight gain. To investigate potential mechanisms, we measured in vivo effects of sustained ghrelin administration at a non‐orexigenic dose on skeletal muscle and liver insulin signaling at the AKT level and adipokine expression changes.Research Methods and Procedures: Young‐adult male rats received 4‐day, twice daily subcutaneous ghrelin (200 µg/injection) or saline. We measured skeletal muscle (mixed, gastrocnemius; oxidative, soleus) and liver protein levels of activated [phosphorylated (P)] and total (T) AKT and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK; reflecting AKT‐dependent GSK inactivation) and epididymal adipose tissue adipokine mRNA.Results: Ghrelin increased body weight (+1.4%) and blood glucose (both p < 0.05 vs. saline) but not food intake, plasma insulin, or free fatty acids. Ghrelin, however, enhanced P/T/AKT and P/T/GSK ratios and glucose transporter‐4 mRNA in soleus (p < 0.05), but not in gastrocnemius, muscle. In contrast, ghrelin reduced hepatic P/T‐AKT and P/T‐GSK. No alterations occurred in adiponectin, leptin, or resistin transcripts or plasma adiponectin.Discussion: Despite moderate weight gain and in the absence of insulin‐free fatty acid changes, sustained ghrelin administration enhanced oxidative muscle AKT activation. Reduced liver AKT signaling could potentially contribute to concomitant blood glucose increments. These findings support ghrelin as a novel tissue‐specific modulator of lean tissue AKT signaling with insulin‐sensitizing effects in skeletal muscle but not in liver in vivo.
More Activated Cardiac Mitochondrial‐dependent Apoptotic Pathway in Obese Zucker Rats
Authors: Lu Min‐Chi , Tzang Bor‐Show , Kuo Wei‐Wen , Wu Fong‐Li , Chen Yueh‐Sheng , Tsai Chang‐Hai , Huang Chih‐Yang , Lee Shin‐Da 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground:Obesity is often associated with the development of heart failure, but the precise mechanisms remain uncertain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the key components of the mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway in excised heart from obese Zucker rats.Methods:Twelve obese Zucker rats were studied at 5 to 6 months of age, and 12 age‐matched lean Zucker rats served as control. The myocardial architecture and key components of the mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway in the excised left ventricle from rats were measured by histopathological analysis, Western blotting, and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR).Results:The ratios of whole heart weight to tibia length were significantly increased in the obese group. Cardiomyocyte disarray, the increased interstitial space, and minor cardiac fibrosis were observed in obese rat hearts. Pro‐apoptotic Bcl2 family members, Bcl‐2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein (BNIP3) and Bad levels, were significantly increased in obese rat hearts, whereas anti‐apoptotic Bcl2 family member, Bcl2 level, was significantly decreased. Cytosolic cytochromecindicating cytochromecrelease from mitochondria was significantly increased in obese rat heart. In addition, upstream pro‐caspase‐9 and pro‐caspase‐3 were significantly decreased, whereas activated caspase‐9 and activated caspase‐3 were significantly increased in obese rat hearts, compared with lean rat heart, implying that pro‐forms of caspase‐9 and caspase‐3 were cleaved into active‐forms caspase‐9 and caspase‐3.Conclusions:The cardiac mitochondrial‐dependent apoptotic pathway was more activated in obese Zucker rats than in lean rats, which may provide one possible apoptotic mechanism for developing heart failure in obesity.
Preproghrelin‐derived Peptide, Obestatin, Fails to Influence Food Intake in Lean or Obese Rodents
Authors: Gourcerol Guillaume , Coskun Tamer , Craft Libbey S. , Mayer John P. , Heiman Mark L. , Wang Lixin , Million Mulugeta , St.‐Pierre David H. , Taché Yvette 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives:Obestatin has been initially characterized as a new peptide derived from the ghrelin precursor, which suppresses food intake and inhibits the orexigenic and prokinetic actions of ghrelin when injected peripherally or centrally in lean mice. However, reproducing these data remains controversial. Reasons for the disparity may be the use of different doses, routes, and animal models. We aimed to investigate the effects of peripheral and intracisternal (IC) injection of obestatin on feeding, gastric motility, and blood glucose in rats as well as in diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice.Research Methods and Procedures:Food intake and gastric emptying of a semi‐liquid caloric meal were measured after intraperitoneal (IP) injection of obestatin in rats and DIO mice. Gastric phasic motility and blood glucose were monitored in urethane‐anesthetized rats after IC or intravenous (IV) injection of obestatin.Results:Obestatin injected intraperitoneally at doses ranging from 0.1 to 3 mg/kg influenced neither acute food intake nor gastric emptying in rats. Obestatin injected intravenously at 0.3 or 3 mg/kg and IC at 7.5 or 30 µg/rat modified neither fasted gastric phasic motility nor blood glucose levels, while ghrelin (30 µg/kg, IV) increased and vagotomy suppressed gastric motility, and an oligosomatostatin analog (3 µg/rat, IC) decreased blood glucose. Obestatin, injected intraperitoneally (0.3 mg/kg) in DIO mice, did not alter feeding response to a fast, while urocortin 1 (10 µg/kg, IP) induced a 73.3% inhibition at 2 hours.Discussion:Our data demonstrate that peripheral administration of obestatin did not modify food intake in rats or obese mice or gastric motor function in rats.
Basal Metabolic Rate and Autonomic Nervous System Dysfunction in Men With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Yilmaz Bilge , Yasar Evren , Goktepe Salim , Alaca Ridvan , Yazicioglu Kamil , Dal Ugur , Mohur Haydar 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between autonomic nervous system dysfunction and basal metabolic rate (BMR), and the effect of spasticity on basal metabolic rate.Research Method and Procedures: Twenty men (11 paraplegic and 9 tetraplegic) with American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA)‐A and ‐B grade chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) participated in this study. Total body fat mass and lean tissue mass were measured in all participants using DXA by standard methods. Patients were allocated into 2 groups to determine the effect of autonomic nervous system dysfunction on BMR: Group I (T6 and upper‐level injuries with history of autonomic dysreflexia) and Group II (T7 and lower‐level injuries without history of autonomic dysreflexia). Measurements of BMR were determined by indirect calorimetry under standardized conditions.Results: There were 13 patients in Group I and 7 patients in Group II and the difference between these two in terms of time since injury, BMI, age, weight, lean tissue mass, BMR, and BMR/kg were not significant.Conclusion: We concluded that autonomic nervous system dysfunction does not affect BMR, and it might be ignored in considering energy needs in spinal cord injury.
Shifts in Patterns and Consumption of Beverages Between 1965 and 2002
Authors: Duffey Kiyah J. , Popkin Barry M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground: Beverage patterning may play a role in partially explaining the rising rates of obesity in the United States, yet little work on overall trends and patterns exits. Our objective was to examine trends and patterns of beverage consumption among U.S. adults.Methods: We used data from the nationally representative Nationwide Food Consumption Surveys (1965, 1977 to 1978) and the National Health and Nutrition Surveys (1988 to 1994, 1999 to 2002). To examine trends we determined percent consuming and per capita and per consumer caloric intake from all beverages. We used cluster analysis to determine year‐specific beverage patterns in 1977 and 2002.Results: The percentage of calories from beverages significantly increased between 1965 (11.8%), 1977 (14.2%), 1988 (18.5%), and 2002 (21.0%); this represents an overall increase of 222 calories per person per day from beverages, resulting largely from increased intake of calorically sweetened beverages. Beverage patterns in 2002 were more complex than in 1977 and were dominated by a greater number of beverages, reflecting the increase in alcohol, soda, and diet beverages.Conclusion: Calories from beverages increased substantially from 1965 to 2002, providing a considerable source of daily calories. Given the upward trends in calorically sweetened, nutrient‐deficient beverages and the shifts in overall beverage patterns, addressing beverage intake is a salient issue for adults.
Accuracy of Self‐reported Weight Among Bariatric Surgery Candidates: The Influence of Race and Weight Cycling
Authors: White Marney A. , Masheb Robin M. , Burke‐Martindale Carolyn , Rothschild Bruce , Grilo Carlos M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Research on the accuracy of self‐reported weight has indicated that the degree of misreporting (underestimating) weight is associated with increasing weight but is variable across patient groups. We examined the degree of discrepancy between actual and self‐reported BMI in severely obese bariatric surgery candidates, and whether the degree of accuracy varied by race and by eating‐related and psychological factors.Research Methods and Procedures: Participants were 179 obese female gastric bypass surgery candidates (31 black, 22 Hispanic, 126 white) who were asked to self‐report height and weight as part of a larger assessment battery. Actual height and weight were then measured and a discrepancy score was generated (actual BMI − reported BMI).Results: In this group of severely obese patients, degree of misreporting was unrelated to BMI. The race groups did not differ in actual or self‐reported BMI but differed significantly in the degree of misestimation between self‐reported and actual BMI. Post hoc tests indicated that black women underestimated their BMI significantly more than white women; Hispanic women did not differ from the other race groups. No eating‐related or psychological variables assessed predicted percentage discrepancy; however, the accuracy in self‐reported weight was related to history of weight cycling.Discussion: Overall, obese bariatric surgery candidates were accurate in self‐report of weight, although the degree of accuracy differed by race and weight cycling history.