bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of loads on standard diameter, small diameter and mini implants: a comparative laboratory study
Authors: Allum Simon Rupert , Tomlinson Rachel Anne , Joshi Rajendra 
Published: May 2008

AbstractObjectives: While caution in the use of small‐diameter (≤3.5 mm) implants has been advocated in view of an increased risk of fatigue fracture under clinical loading conditions, a variety of implant designs with diameters <3 mm are currently offered in the market for reconstructions including fixed restorations. There is an absence of reported laboratory studies and randomized‐controlled clinical trials to demonstrate clinical efficacy for implant designs with small diameters. This laboratory study aimed to provide comparative data on the mechanical performance of a number of narrow commercially marketed implants.Materials and methods: Implants of varying designs were investigated under a standardized test set‐up similar to that recommended for standardized ISO laboratory testing. Implant assemblies were mounted in acrylic blocks supporting laboratory cast crowns and subjected to 30° off‐axis loading on an LRX Tensometer. Continuous output data were collected using Nexygen software.Results: Load/displacement curves demonstrated good grouping of samples for each design with elastic deformation up to a point of failure approximating the maximum load value for each sample. The maximum loads for Straumann (control) implants were 989 N (±107 N) for the 4.1 mm RN design, and 619 N (±50 N) for the 3.3 mm RN implant (an implant known to have a risk of fracture in clinical use). Values for mini implants were recorded as 261 N (±31 N) for the HiTec 2.4 mm implant, 237 N (±37 N) for the Osteocare 2.8 mm mini and 147 N (±25 N) for the Osteocare mini design. Other implant designs were also tested.Conclusions: The diameters of the commercially available implants tested demonstrated a major impact on their ability to withstand load, with those below 3 mm diameter yielding results significantly below a value representing a risk of fracture in clinical practice. The results therefore advocate caution when considering the applicability of implants ≤3 mm diameter. Standardized fatigue testing is recommended for all commercially available implants.
Micromorphometrical analysis of conventional osteotomy techniques and ultrasonic osteotomy at the rabbit skull
Authors: Maurer Peter , Kriwalsky Marcus S. , Block Veras Rafael , Vogel Jürgen , Syrowatka Frank , Heiss Christian 
Published: May 2008

Abstract:Objectives: The ultrasonic osteotome, which was recently introduced, is an alternative to conventional methods of osteotomy. The aim of the present study was to establish the differences between three osteotomy techniques and to perform a quantitative roughness analysis of the osteotomized bone surfaces.Materials and methods: Fresh bony samples of standardized size were taken from the rabbit skull. The techniques used were as follows: reciprocate micro‐saw, Lindemann bur, ultrasonic osteotome with the two insert tips OT6 (rough) and OT7 (fine). The prepared surfaces were examined by light microscopy, environmental surface electron microscopy (ESEM) and by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM).Results: It was difficult to distinguish between cortical and cancellous bone after using the conventional osteotomy technique. The ultrasonic technique preserved the original structure of the bone. The values observed for superficial roughness were as follows: 3.97 μm (micro‐saw), 5.7 μm (Lindemann bur), 2.48 μm (OT7) and 3 μm (OT6). There were statistical differences between the values of the bur and insert tip OT6 (P=0.015) as well as between the bur and insert tip OT7 (P=0.003).Conclusions: In the present study micromorphological differences after using various osteotomy techniques could be clearly identified.
Isolation of oral epithelial progenitors using collagen IV
Authors: Igarashi T , Shimmura S , Yoshida S , Tonogi M , Shinozaki N , Yamane G‐y 
Published: May 2008

Objective:  Although oral mucosal epithelial stem cells are thought to reside in the basal layer, such cells have not yet been isolated. We isolated a population of rabbit oral epithelial progenitor cells containing putative stem cells.Materials and methods:  Epithelial cells harvested from rabbit buccal mucosa were allowed to adhere to dishes coated with collagen IV for periods ranging from 10 min to 16 h. The properties of individual cell populations were evaluated using BrdU, Ki‐67, integrin β1, integrin α6 and keratin 13 using colony forming efficiency (CFE).Results:  Cells that adhered to collagen IV‐coated dishes within 10 min were enriched about sixfold in terms of BrdU incorporation, Ki‐67, integrin α6 and integrin β1 were strongly expressed. Interestingly, keratin 13 was faintly expressed. The CFE of rapidly adherent cells among oral epithelial cells was significant compared with other cell populations.Conclusions:  These results suggested that rabbit oral epithelial cells could be isolated by depending on adhesiveness to collagen IV, especially when segregated according to progenitor cell properties. Putative progenitor cells with stem cell properties were most effectively harvested within 10 min. Our separation procedure should be a useful tool with which to isolate epithelial stem cells for regenerative medicine.
Trends in childhood and adolescent obesity prevalence in Oviedo (Asturias, Spain) 1992–2006
Authors: Martín Juan José Díaz , Hernández Laura Somalo , Gonzalez Mónica García , Mendez Carmen Perillán , Rey Galán Corsino , Guerrero Serafín Málaga 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim: To analyse obesity and overweight prevalence trend in Oviedo (Spain) during the last 14 years.Patients and Methods: Two cross‐sectional studies were conducted in the same five public schools of the urban area of Oviedo in 1992 and 2004–06. One thousand one hundred sixty‐five children and young adults between the age of 6 and 17 years were studied in 1992 and 1312 in 2004–06. Obesity and overweight were defined according to the International Obesity Task Force cut‐off values.Results: Body mass index (BMI) values (20.5 ± 3.6 vs. 20.1 ± 3.3 p = 0.02) and obesity prevalence (6.3% vs. 4.5% p < 0.05) were significantly higher in the 2004–06 cohort, while overweight prevalence showed a non‐significant increase. Obesity prevalence increased in both sexes in the 6–11‐year group. In adolescent females, a four‐fold increase was observed, from 0.9% in 1992 (95% CI : −0.1 to 1.9) to 3.8% in 2004–06 (95% CI : 1.8–6). A slight non‐significant decrease was observed in adolescent males (6.6% in 1992 to 5.8% in 2004–06).Conclusion: Obesity and overweight are increasing in children and adolescents in Oviedo at a level similar to that observed in studies conducted in developed countries. This obesity epidemic is becoming an important public health issue.
Acute infectious diarrhoea in children: new insights in antisecretory treatment with racecadotril
Authors: Tormo Ramón , Polanco Isabel , Salazar‐Lindo Eduardo , Goulet Olivier 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn developing countries acute infectious diarrhoea remains one of the leading causes of death among young children, especially those under 1 year of age. In contrast, in industrialized nations the death rate is very low, although the disease is an important cause of morbidity and consumes substantial healthcare costs. A variety of viral, bacterial and parasitic organisms have been implicated in the pathogenesis of acute diarrhoea. The primary objectives of treatment of acute infectious diarrhoea are correction of dehydration with oral replacement therapy (ORT) and maintenance of good nutritional status via food intake. With regards drug therapy antimicrobial agents are not usually recommended since the disease is generally self‐limiting. Racecadotril is powerful and selective enkephalinase inhibitor and has emerged as a promising drug in the antisecretory therapy of acute infectious diarrhoea in children.Conclusion: There is encouraging evidence that treatment with racecadotril can provide clinically relevant symptomatic relief by reducing the severity and duration of diarrhoeal episodes. The drug is well tolerated and has a favourable safety profile. However, further comparative studies and cost‐effectiveness analyses are needed to define the position of the drug in the management of diarrhoeal illness in children.
Neonatal short bowel syndrome: ‘rectal feeding’ in order to stimulate intestinal growth
Authors: Mesas Burgos Carmen , Ehrén Henrik , Finkel Yigael 
Published: May 2008

AbstractShort bowel syndrome (SBS) is characterized by a state of malabsorption following extensive resection of the small bowel, resulting in insufficient nutritive supply requiring artificial nutrition with long‐term parenteral nutrition. Here we present an illustrative case report of a premature infant born with gastroschisis and SBS, who was treated with enteral refeeding via rectum. The infant developed during the period of rectal feeding with jejunostomy loses bowel lengthening and could be fed orally within a few months after birth. Rectal feeding with ostomy loses could stimulate bowel growth and adaptation in neonatal SBS.Conclusion: The purpose of this report is to describe an illustrative case of short bowel syndrome due to gastroschisis and to share a novel technique of rectal feeding to stimulate bowel growth and adaptation.
Confidence intervals and p‐values in clinical decision making
Authors: Akobeng Anthony K 
Published: May 2008

AbstractClinical trials are usually performed on a sample of people drawn from the population of interest. The results of a trial are, therefore, estimates of what might happen if the treatment were to be given to the entire population of interest. Confidence intervals (CIs) provide a range of plausible values for a population parameter and give an idea about how precise the measured treatment effect is. CIs may also provide some useful information on the clinical importance of results and, like p‐values, may also be used to assess ‘statistical significance’. Although other CIs can be calculated, the 95% CI is usually reported in the medical literature. In the long run, the 95% CI of an estimate is the range within which we are 95% certain that the true population parameter will lie. Despite the usefulness of the CI approach, hypothesis testing and the generation of p‐values are common in the medical literature. The p‐value is often used to express the probability that the observed differences between study groups are due to chance. p‐values provide no information on the clinical importance of results.Conclusion: It is good practice for authors of research articles to report CIs with their estimates instead of just p‐values as p‐values are less informative and convey no information on clinical importance.
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) and child care centres (CCC)
Authors: Kiechl‐Kohlendorfer U , Moon RY 
Published: May 2008

AbstractOur aim was to review the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) when infants are in child care (CC), to discuss factors potentially responsible for SIDS in this setting and to describe the impact of previous information campaigns on SIDS in CC.There is a remarkably increased risk of SIDS in CC settings. Special education focussing on a safe sleeping environment has resulted in a decrease of practices known to be associated with SIDS. However, despite a safe sleep environment SIDS prevalence remains disproportionately high.Conclusion: Efforts must continue to ensure safe sleeping practices in CC facilities. The possibility of other explanations for the increased prevalence of SIDS in CC settings, such as changes in infant care or stress, must be considered as well.
Perceived Physiological and Orgasmic Sensations at Ejaculation in Spinal Cord Injured Men
Authors: Courtois Frédérique , Charvier Kathleen , Leriche Albert , Vézina Jean-Guy , Côté Isabelle , Raymond Denis , Jacquemin Géraldine , Fournier Christine , Bélanger Marc 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
With the advances in penile vibrator stimulation (PVS), most spinal cord injured (SCI) men can self-ejaculate. Oral midodrine may further increase ejaculation success, while maintaining autonomy. Since most SCI men attempt ejaculation for sexual rather than reproductive purposes, self-ejaculation should be emphasized and sensations explored.

Aims
Explore (i) self-ejaculation success rate in SCI men; (ii) vascular parameters indicative of autonomic dysreflexia (AD) during sexual stimulation and ejaculation; and (iii) sensations associated with ejaculation.

Methods
Ejaculation was assessed on 81 SCI men with complete ASIA A (49%) and incomplete B to D lesions (51%), subdivided into tetraplegics (C2–T2), paraplegics sensitive to AD (T3–T6), paraplegics not sensitive to AD (T7–T10), paraplegics with lesions to the emission pathway (T11–L2), and paraplegics with lesions interrupting the emission-ejaculation pathways (L3–below). Natural stimulation was attempted first followed, if negative, by PVS followed, if again negative, by PVS combined with oral midodrine (5–25 mg).

Main Outcome Measures
Ejaculation success, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and perceived physiological and orgasmic sensations.

Results
Overall 91% reached ejaculation, 30% with natural stimulation, 49% with PVS and 12% with midodrine plus PVS. Midodrine savalged up to 27% depending upon the lesion. Physiological and orgasmic sensations were perceived significantly more at ejaculation than sexual stimulation. Tetraplegics did not differ from paraplegics sensitive to AD on perceived cardiovascular and muscular sensations, but perceived significantly more autonomic sensations, and generally more physiological sensations than lower lesions unsensitive to AD.

Conclusion
Most SCI men can self-ejaculate and perceive physiological and orgasmic sensations. The climactic experience of ejaculation seems related to AD, few sensations being reported when AD is not reached, pleasurable climactic sensations being reported when mild to moderate AD is reached, and unpleasant or painful sensations reported with severe AD. Sexual rehabilitation should emphasize self-ejaculation and self-exploration and consider cognitive reframing to maximize sexual perceptions.
Cutting Off the Nose to Save the Penis
Authors: Schrader Steven M. , Breitenstein Michael J. , Lowe Brian D. 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT

Introduction
The average bicycle police officer spends 24 hours a week on his bicycle and previous studies have shown riding a bicycle with a traditional (nosed) saddle has been associated with urogenital paresthesia and sexual dysfunction.

Aim
The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the no-nose bicycle saddle as an ergonomic intervention and their acceptance among male bicycle police officers.

Methods
Bicycle police officers from five U.S. metropolitan areas were recruited for this study. Officers completed: (i) the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF); (ii) computerized pressure measurements at the points of contact on the bicycle; the handlebars, the pedals, and the saddle; (iii) one night of nocturnal Rigiscan® assessment; (iv) penile vibrotactile sensitivity threshold assessed by computerized biothesiometery. Officers selected a no-nose saddle for their bicycles and were asked to use the intervention saddle exclusively for 6 months, at which point they were retested.

Main Outcome Measures
Perineal pressure, urogenital numbness, penile vibrotactile sensitivity threshold, erectile function as measure by International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire (IIEF) and Rigiscan.

Results
After 6 months, 90 men were reassessed. Only three men had returned to a traditional saddle. The results are presented for those who used the no-nose saddle continuously for 6 months. There was a 66% reduction in saddle contact pressure in the perineal region (P &lt; 0.001). There was a significant improvement in penis tactile sensation (P = 0.015). There was a significant improvement in erectile function assessed by IIEF (P = 0.015). There were no changes noted in the Rigiscan® measures. The number of men indicating they had not experienced urogential paresthesia while cycling for the preceding 6 months, rose from 27% to 82% using no-nose saddles.

Conclusion
(i) With few exceptions, bicycle police officers were able to effectively use no-nose saddles in their police work. (ii) Use of no-nose saddles reduced most perineal pressure. (iii) Penile health improved after 6 month using no-nose saddles as measured by biothesiometry and IIEF. There was no improvement in Rigiscan® measure after 6 months of using no nose saddles, suggesting that a longer recovery time may be needed.
Hybridization between perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass in naturalized Japanese populations
Authors: Tobina Hiroyuki , Yamashita Masayuki , Koizumi Atsuhiro , Fujimori Masahiro , Takamizo Tadashi , Hirata Mariko , Yamada Toshihiko , Sawada Hitoshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIntroduced Lolium species, including perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum), have been widely utilized in Japan for forage, turf and soil conservation. These ryegrasses have escaped from cultivated areas and become naturalized, and this has become a serious issue in recent years. Interspecific hybrids between perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass have often been found in naturalized populations. It has also been suggested that hybridization between plant species might serve as a stimulus for the evolution of invasiveness. We surveyed the genetic structure of naturalized ryegrass populations in Japan using genetic markers that distinguished perennial ryegrass and Italian ryegrass. Of the 55 naturalized populations surveyed, 41 exhibited morphological traits of Italian ryegrass. DNA analysis using simple sequence repeat and chloroplast DNA markers characterized 20 of these 41 populations as Italian ryegrass, with the remaining populations as interspecific hybrid derivatives. Approximately half of the naturalized ryegrasses populations in Japan were inferred to include interspecific hybrids.
Estimation of genome size and physical mapping of ribosomal DNA in diploid and tetraploid guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)
Authors: Akiyama Yukio , Yamada‐Akiyama Hitomi , Yamanouchi Hiroaki , Takahara Manabu , Ebina Masumi , Takamizo Tadashi , Sugita Shin‐ichi , Nakagawa Hitoshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGuineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.) is one of the most important tropical forage grasses due to its high productivity and good forage qualities. Although P. maximum is important forage, basic genomic information such as genome size and ribosomal DNA (rDNA) ideogram information have not been reported. In this study, the DNA contents of one diploid strain and three tetraploid cultivars of P. maximum were examined by flow cytometry and rDNA loci were physical mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The DNA content of the diploid strain was determined to be approximately 500 Mbp, which is of similar size to Oryza sativa and represents a relatively small genome size when compared to other members of the plant kingdom. The tetraploid cultivars were determined to exhibit a genome size of approximately 1000 Mbp. FISH with rDNA probes was applied to diploid and tetraploid strains. The numbers of 5S rDNA loci in the diploid and the tetraploids were two and four, respectively. The number of 45S rDNA loci varied from four to eight among the tetraploids. Constructed quantitative ideograms of diploid strain by image analysis indicated that the difference in the number of 45S rDNA is dependent on the presence or absence of the locus on chromosome 2. The determined DNA content and constructed ideograms in this study are useful for future research efforts on P. maximum in areas focused on cultivar development, gene isolation of apomixis loci and mutation research.
SHELF LIFE OF FRESH NOODLES AS AFFECTED BY THE FOOD GRADE MONOLAURIN MICROEMULSION SYSTEM
Authors: FU XIAOWEI , HUANG BIN , FENG FENGQIN 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT Food grade monolaurin (the glycerol monoester of lauric acid) microemulsions (MMEs) based on multicomponent mixtures and the effects of MMEs on the shelf life of fresh noodles were studied. A microemulsion system consisting of monolaurin (M), surfactants (Tween 20 and Tween 80, Wenzhou Qingming Chemical Engineering Company, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China ) and cosurfactant (pentanol and dodecanol) dispersed in distilled water was used. The influence of surfactants on the phase behavior was studied in this article. Subsequently, two MMEs with large oil in water regions have demonstrated the enhanced antimicrobial activities against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium digitatum, compared to monolaurin (M) alone. In addition, the shelf life of fresh noodles prepared with monolaurin (M) alone was about 4 days, whereas MMEs extended shelf life by 10 days at least when stored at 37C.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe effect of monolaurin microemulsion (MME) as antimicrobial agents in foods, especially those neutral foods such as noodles, is obvious, and MME has demonstrated a much longer shelf life of fresh noodles than M alone. In addition, for those neutral foods other than fresh noodles, the application of MMEs can also be studied.
EFFECT OF OLIVE OIL AND GLYCEROL ON PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF WHEY PROTEIN CONCENTRATE FILMS
Authors: JAVANMARD MAJID , GOLESTAN LEILA 
Published: May 2008

ABSTRACT Olive oil was incorporated into whey protein through emulsification to produce films. Whey protein films were prepared by dispersing 10% protein in distilled water; and plasticized with different levels of glycerol (glycerol : protein [Gly : pro ] = 0.5 and 0.6). Olive oil was added at different levels (oil : pro = 0.0, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4). The emulsion films were evaluated for mechanical properties, water vapor permeability (WVP) and opacity. Increasing the levels of Gly or olive oil in the films led to decreases in modulus and tensile strength. Increasing Gly content of films at oil/pro ratios of 0.2, 0.4 led to slight increases in elongation (EL). Increasing the oil : pro ratio further resulted in a decrease in EL for all films. No significant difference in WVP and opacity was observed between films made from mixtures of various proportions of whey protein concentrate–Gly with increasing olive oil (addition) at all levels of the plasticizer.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe main advantages of using edible films are extending food shelf life, improving food quality, adding value to the edible film‐forming polymer and reducing synthetic packaging materials. Whey, obtained as a by‐product in cheese, is produced in large quantities and has excellent functional properties and could potentially be used for edible films.