bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical simulation of drop deformation and breakup in shear flow
Authors: Chang‐Zhi Lin , Lie‐Jin Guo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree‐dimensional numerical simulation of the deformation and breakup of an isolated liquid drop suspended in immiscible viscous fluid under shear flow was performed with diffuse interface method. The governing equations of the model were described by Navier– Stokes– Cahn– Hilliard equations. The surface tension was treated as a modified stress. In this paper, a uniform staggered Cartesian grid was used. The transient Navier– Stokes equations were solved by an approximation projection method based on pressure increment formulation, while the Cahn– Hilliard equations were solved by a nonlinear full approximation multigrid method. The numerical results of the drop deformation and breakup were in good agreement with the experimental measurements. Therefore, the present model could be perfectly applied to study the mechanism of drop deformation and breakup. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 286– 294, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20160
Shape of isolated bubble in intermittent flows in a horizontal pipe
Authors: Hanyang Gu , Liejin Guo , Ximing Zhang , Zhiwei Wang 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn experimental study on the shape of a single bubble similar to those observed in a horizontal plug/slug flow was performed using visual observation and conductance probes. The results indicated that the shapes of the bubble nose and the bubble body depend on the Froude number defined by gas/liquid mixture velocity, whereas the shape of the back region of the bubble depends on both the Froude number and bubble length. The photographic images showed that the structural feature of the bubble head is related to the motion characteristics of the bubble. The transition from plug flow to slug flow occurs when the tail of the bubble changes from a staircase to hydraulic jump pattern with the increasing of the Froude number and bubble length. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 36(5): 276– 285, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20161
Episodic memory development: theory of mind is part of re‐experiencing experienced events
Authors: Perner Josef , Kloo Daniela , Gornik Edith 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo experiments with 3½‐ to 6½‐year‐old children showed that theory‐of‐mind development is associated with the growth of episodic memory. Episodic memory was assessed by manipulating informational conditions such that they permit or prevent the formation of episodic memories in terms of re‐experiencing the recalled event. Only experienced events, e.g. seeing how one puts a picture of a frog into a box, can be remembered by re‐experience. Events known through indirect information cannot be re‐experienced, e.g. putting pictures into the box when blindfolded and being later shown on video what was on these cards. Children were also tested on a battery of theory‐of‐mind tasks assessing their understanding of the origins of knowledge. There was a significant interaction in both experiments showing that recall of directly experienced items improved in relation to indirectly presented items the higher children's theory‐of‐mind scores. The discussion suggests that episodic memory development is specifically linked to the growing ability to introspect an ongoing experience and interpret it as representing an actual past event. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trustworthiness, friendships and self‐control: factors that contribute to young children's school adjustment
Authors: Betts Lucy R. , Rotenberg Ken J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of present study was to examine the relationship between young children's peer‐reported trustworthiness and their school adjustment. Two hundred and eleven (103 male and 108 female) children in the United Kingdom (mean age = 6 years 2 months) took part in this study. Measures of peer‐reported trustworthiness, child‐rated school adjustment, and teacher‐rated school adjustment were administered twice across a one‐year period. Also, children's number of friendships, peer acceptance, and self‐control were assessed at Time 2. Multisample path analyses were conducted separately by sex. For both samples there were direct longitudinal paths between peer‐reported trustworthiness and changes in teacher‐rated school adjustment. For boys, the longitudinal path between peer‐reported trustworthiness and changes in child‐rated loneliness was mediated by peer acceptance, and peer‐reported trustworthiness mediated the relationship between self‐control and teacher‐rated school adjustment. Sex differences in peer‐reported trustworthiness also emerged: girls were rated as more trustworthy by their peers than were boys. The findings support the hypothesis that young children's trustworthiness contributes to school adjustment, which is due in part to peer acceptance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introducing α(1,2)‐linked fucose into hepatocarcinoma cells inhibits vasculogenesis and tumor growth
Authors: Mathieu Sylvie , Gerolami René , Luis José , Carmona Sylvie , Kol Ossarath , Crescence Lydie , Garcia Stéphane , Borentain Patrick , El‐Battari Assou 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe glycoantigen sialyl‐Lewis x (sLex) and its isomer sialy‐Lewis a (sLea) are frequently associated with advanced states of cancer and metastasis. In a previous work, we have shown that hepatocarcinoma cells (HCC) HepG2 interact with the endothelial E‐selectin exclusively through sLex oligosaccharides, the synthesis of which could be completely prevented by the α(1,2)‐fucosyltransferase‐I (FUT1), thus resulting in a strong inhibition of adhesion and rolling on activated endothelial cells. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of inhibiting sLex synthesis and the subsequent E‐selectin adhesion, on HCC tumor growth in nude mice. Four weeks after subcutaneous transplantation of cells, no FUT1‐derived tumor could be detected, whereas 75% of control animals developed large size tumor nodules. Between the 4th and the 8th week postinoculation, 33% tumors arose from FUT1‐transduced cells but showed a slow growth (nodule volumes less than 500 mm3), while more than 50% of control tumors reached volumes between 1,500 and 3,000 mm3. Several parameters were examined, including cell division and proliferation, apoptosis, adhesion to extracellular matrix components and angiogenesis/vasculogenesis. We provide evidence that among all, vasculogenesis was the most clearly affected by FUT1 expression, suggesting that tumor angiomorphogenesis may, at least partly, depend on E‐selectin‐mediated interaction between HCC and endothelial cells, the inhibition of which remarkably retards tumor growth. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential involvement of destrin and cofilin‐1 in the control of invasive properties of Isreco1 human colon cancer cells
Authors: Estornes Yann , Gay Fabien , Gevrey Jean‐Claude , Navoizat Séverine , Nejjari Mimoun , Scoazec Jean‐Yves , Chayvialle Jean‐Alain , Saurin Jean‐Christophe , Abello Jacques 
Published: June 2007

AbstractActin depolymerizing factor (ADF)/cofilin family proteins are key regulators of actin filament turnover and cytoskeleton reorganization. The role of cofilin‐1 in cell motility has been demonstrated in several cell types but remained poorly documented in the case of colon cancer. In addition, the putative function of destrin (also known as ADF) had not been explored in this context despite the fact that it is expressed in all colon cancer cell lines examined. We were therefore prompted to evaluate the respective contributions of these proteins to the invasive properties of the human colon cancer Isreco1 cell line, which expresses a comparatively high destrin/cofilin ratio. Reduction of cofilin‐1 or destrin expression in Isreco1 cells using RNA interference led to an increase of the number of multinucleated cells and altered polarized lamellipodium protrusion and distribution of paxillin‐containing adhesions. Both cofilin‐1 and destrin silencing enhanced cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. However, only destrin appeared to be required for cell migration on collagen I and for cell invasion through Matrigel in response to the proinvasive neuroendocrine peptide bombesin. This differential functional involvement was supported by a destrin‐dependent, cofilin‐independent phosphorylation of p130Crk‐associated substrate (p130Cas) upon cell adhesion to collagen I or Matrigel. Taken together, our results suggest that destrin is a significant regulator of various processes important for invasive phenotype of human colon cancer Isreco1 cells whereas cofilin‐1 may be involved in only a subset of them. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ascertainment and diagnostic accuracy for hematopoietic lymphoproliferative malignancies in Sweden 1964–2003
Authors: Turesson Ingemar , Linet Martha S. , Björkholm Magnus , Kristinsson Sigurdur Y. , Goldin Lynn R. , Caporaso Neil E. , Landgren Ola 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPopulation‐based cancer registries are widely used to provide key information about cancer incidence, survival, determinants of progression and clues about pathogenesis. To substantially expand the limited data on diagnostic accuracy and completeness for lymphoproliferative (LP) tumors in such databases, we conducted a retrospective investigation of close to 1,000 cases diagnosed during 4 decades in Sweden. We identified and reviewed medical records for 494 LP tumor patients reported to the population‐based Swedish Cancer registry and 503 LP tumor patients identified from hospitals in Sweden among patients with LP tumors diagnosed during 1964–2003. The stratified samples were randomly selected from patients according to LP subtype, over 4 equal calendar periods, and among 6 selected hospitals of diverse size and from different geographic regions. We found 97.9% of reported LP tumor cases to fulfill current diagnostic criteria for having an LP tumor and observed 89.7% to have accurate LP tumor subtype. The overall completeness of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma and multiple myeloma cases in the Cancer registry was 95–99% but was lower for the more indolent tumors, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (87.9%) and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (68.1%). We observed increased overall under‐ascertainment for patients diagnosed above age 80 (27%) and among individuals diagnosed before 1973 (12%). In conclusion the diagnostic accuracy and completeness for classically defined LP tumor entities in the Swedish Cancer registry is high. However, we found under‐ascertainment of patients with indolent LP tumors, particularly among patients diagnosed at older ages, with early‐stage disease and diagnosed in earlier years. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The cannabinoid δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol inhibits RAS‐MAPK and PI3K‐AKT survival signalling and induces BAD‐mediated apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Greenhough Alexander , Patsos Helena A. , Williams Ann C. , Paraskeva Christos 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDeregulation of cell survival pathways and resistance to apoptosis are widely accepted to be fundamental aspects of tumorigenesis. As in many tumours, the aberrant growth and survival of colorectal tumour cells is dependent upon a small number of highly activated signalling pathways, the inhibition of which elicits potent growth inhibitory or apoptotic responses in tumour cells. Accordingly, there is considerable interest in therapeutics that can modulate survival signalling pathways and target cancer cells for death. There is emerging evidence that cannabinoids, especially Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), may represent novel anticancer agents, due to their ability to regulate signalling pathways critical for cell growth and survival. Here, we report that CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are expressed in human colorectal adenoma and carcinoma cells, and show for the first time that THC induces apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. THC‐induced apoptosis was rescued by pharmacological blockade of the CB1, but not CB2, cannabinoid receptor. Importantly, THC treatment resulted in CB1‐mediated inhibition of both RAS‐MAPK/ERK and PI3K‐AKT survival signalling cascades; two key cell survival pathways frequently deregulated in colorectal tumours. The inhibition of ERK and AKT activity by THC was accompanied by activation of the proapoptotic BCL‐2 family member BAD. Reduction of BAD protein expression by RNA interference rescued colorectal cancer cells from THC‐induced apoptosis. These data suggest an important role for CB1 receptors and BAD in the regulation of apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. The use of THC, or selective targeting of the CB1 receptor, may represent a novel strategy for colorectal cancer therapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of using subsurface drip irrigation and ET‐HS model to increase WUE in irrigation of some crops
Authors: Najafi P. , Tabatabaei S. H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIncreasing water use efficiency (WUE) is a fundamental remedy for food production under conditions of water scarcity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential for water saving and yield improvements with use of the ET‐HS model and subsurface drip irrigation. For this purpose, four irrigation treatments were installed in a silty loam soil at an experimental farm near the city of Isfahan in Iran in 2000 and 2001. The treatments included: surface drip irrigation (DI), subsurface drip irrigation at 15 cm depth (SDI15), subsurface drip irrigation at 30 cm depth (SDI30), and furrow irrigation (FI). These treatments were repeated for two genera of potato, Marfona and Navita (traditional genus of potato in Isfahan region), tomato and eggplant. In this research, a completely randomized block design with three replications was applied to each crop. Also, in all of these treatments, crop water requirement and irrigation schedules were determined by the ET‐HS model. For this purpose, maximum and minimum temperature were measured daily and filled in the model. Based on the results, SDI15 has the most efficient use of water in production and is substantially different from other treatments, which measured 7.84, 3.84, 13.15 and 11.64 kg m−3 in Marfona, Navita, tomato and eggplant, respectively. The results show that the maximum crop yield occurred in SDI15 in Marfona, Navita and eggplant and in DI and SDI15 in tomato. A part of this increase in yield in SDI15 related to better soil moisture in the root zone, less water runoff, and less surface evaporation. Additionally, the results show considerable reduction of surface evaporation in SDI treatments. Finally, it can be concluded that subsurface drip irrigation, with drippers installed at a depth of 15 cm, and implementation of the ET‐HS model for estimating irrigation scheduling, is the best irrigation method for Marfona, Navita, tomato and eggplant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Efficient irrigation; inefficient communication; flawed recommendations
Authors: Perry Chris 
Published: June 2007

AbstractConcerns about scarcity of water have focused attention on irrigation, the largest water‐using sector worldwide, which is widely seen as a low‐value, wasteful and “inefficient” use for water. The terminology for this debate is, however, poorly defined – often failing even to distinguish between consumptive and non‐consumptive uses. In consequence, technical interventions have not always led to the expected, desirable outcomes, and the recommendations in many reports and papers are at best dubious, at worst simply wrong. The history of the analysis of “irrigation efficiency” is traced, and compared with the science of hydrology, which offers consistent terminology for various scales of analysis from field through irrigation scheme to region and basin. Based on the work of various previous writers, an analytical framework and associated terms are proposed to better serve the needs of technical specialists from all water‐using sectors, policymakers and planners in achieving more productive use of water and tracing the implications of interventions on other uses and users. ICID recommends that this terminology be used in the analysis of water resources management at all scales, and form the basis for its research papers and other published outputs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Revisiting currently applied pipe drain depths for waterlogging and salinity control of irrigated land in the (semi) arid zone
Authors: Smedema Lambert K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the validity of the widely prevailing view that the deep drain depths used for irrigated land in some countries are unnecessary for salinity control and potentially environmentally harmful. The paper reviews the applied design practices and drain depth considerations and evaluates the adverse impacts of deep drains and the evidence of the adequacy of shallower drains. It is concluded that there is indeed reason for questioning the appropriateness of some of the currently applied drain depths. A number of suggestions have been made for new considerations to be taken into account and for improved design procedures to be followed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Permanent and transitory wages of British men, 1975–2001: year, age and cohort effects
Authors: Kalwij Adriaan S. , Alessie Rob 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe examine the mean and variance–covariance structure of log‐wages over calendar time and the life cycle of British men, hereby controlling for birth cohort effects. We attribute the strong increase in mean log‐wage during the 1980s and 1990s to a rise in mean log‐wage with the year of birth. This rise is diminishing with the year of birth, which implies lower wage inequality between cohorts with the year of birth. Wage inequality has increased during the 1980s and early 1990s and remained fairly stable in the second half of the 1990s. The year effects, however, show increasing wage inequality up to 2001, mainly due to a strong rise in transitory wage inequality. Transitory wages are strongly correlated over time and an increase in transitory wage inequality therefore has highly persistent inequality consequences. The stable wage inequality in the second half of the 1990s is attributed to lower within‐cohort wage inequality for the younger cohorts. The age effects show that permanent wage inequality increases with age, in particular up to age 30 and over age 50. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An extortionary guerrilla movement
Authors: Offstein Norman 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper models an extortionary relationship between a pipeline operator and a guerrilla movement. Payment and attack decisions are modeled as an infinite‐horizon Markov decision process, where each period the oil company chooses to pay or not pay an extortion demand and the movement decides to attack or not. Decisions depend on the level of single‐period payoff and discounted expected future payoffs. We estimate the model with pipeline attack data and compare parameters when the discount factor is changed. We reject a zero discount factor hypothesis, demonstrating that the movement's observed attack pattern is compatible with extortionary behavior. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International welfare comparisons and nonparametric testing of multivariate stochastic dominance
Authors: McCaig Brian , Yatchew Adonis 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper outlines a class of statistical procedures that permit testing of a broad range of multidimensional stochastic dominance hypotheses and, more generally, welfare hypotheses that rely upon multiple stochastic dominance conditions. We apply the procedures to data on income and leisure hours for individuals in Germany, the UK, and the USA. We find that no country first‐order stochastically dominates the others in both dimensions for all years of comparison. Furthermore, while in general the USA stochastically dominates Germany and the UK with respect to income, in most periods Germany stochastically dominates with respect to leisure hours. Finally, we find evidence that bivariate poverty (which refers, for example, to the working poor, that is, those who have little leisure and low income) is lower in Germany than in either the UK or the USA. On the other hand, poverty comparisons between the UK and the USA are sensitive to the subpopulation of individuals considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhanced osteoblast‐like cell adhesion and proliferation using sulfonate‐bearing polymeric scaffolds
Authors: Chaterji Somali , Gemeinhart Richard A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOrthopedic malfunction, degeneration, or damage remains a serious healthcare issue despite advances in medical technology. Proactive extracellular matrix (ECM)‐mimetic scaffolds are being researched to orchestrate the activation of diverse osteogenic signaling cascades, facilitating osteointegration. We hypothesized that sulfonated functionalities incorporated into synthetic hydrogels would simulate anionic, sulfate‐bearing proteoglycans, abundant in the ECM. Using this rationale, we successfully developed differentially sulfonated hydrogels, polymerizing a range of sulfopropyl acrylate potassium‐acrylamide (SPAK‐AM) mole ratios as monomer feeds under room temperature conditions. For anchorage‐dependent cells, such as osteoblasts, adhesion is a critical prerequisite for subsequent osteointegration and cell specialization. The introduction of the sulfonated monomer, SPAK, resulted in favorable uptake of serum proteins with proportional increase in adhesion and proliferation rates of model cell lines, which included NIH/3T3 fibroblasts, MG‐63 osteoblasts, and MC3T3‐E1 subclone 4 preosteoblasts. In fact, higher proportions of sulfonate content (pSPAK75, pSPAK100) exhibited comparable or even higher degrees of adhesion and proliferation, relative to commercial grade tissue culture polystyrene in vitro. These results indicate promising potentials of sulfonated ECM‐mimetic hydrogels as potential osteogenic tissue engineering scaffolds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Self‐assembled thermosensitive micelles based on poly(L‐lactide‐star block‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) for drug delivery
Authors: Wei Hua , Zhang Xian‐Zheng , Chen Wen‐Qin , Cheng Si‐Xue , Zhuo Ren‐Xi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel seven‐arm star block copolymer poly(L‐lactide‐star block‐N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PLLA‐sb‐PNIPAAm), comprised of a hydrophobic poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) arm and an average of six hydrophilic poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) arms, was designed and synthesized. The amphiphilic PLLA‐sb‐PNIPAAm copolymer was capable of self‐assembling into nano‐sized micelle in water, which was confirmed by FT‐IR, 1H NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. Transmission electron microscopy images showed that these nano‐sized micelles were regularly spherical in shape. Micelle size determined by size analysis was around 100 nm in diameter. The micelles showed reversible dispersion/aggregation in response to temperature changes through an outer polymer shell of PNIPAAm at around 31°C, observed by optical absorbance measurements. The anticancer drug methotrexate (MTX) as model drug was loaded in the polymeric nano‐sized micelles. In vitro release behavior of MTX was investigated, which showed a drastic thermoresponsive fast/slow switching behavior according to the temperature‐responsive structural changes of a micellar shell structure. The reversible and sensitive thermoresponse of this micelle might provide opportunities to construct a novel drug delivery system in conjunction with localized hyperthermia. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007