bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A time‐continuous markov chain interest model with applications to insurance
Authors: Norberg Ragnar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe force of interest is modelled by a homogeneous time‐continuous Markov chain with finite state space. Ordinary differential equations are obtained for expected values of various functionals of this process, in particular for moments of present values of payment streams that may be deterministic or, possibly, also stochastic and driven by a time‐continuous Markov chain. The homogeneity of the interest process gives rise to explicit formulae for expected values of some stationary functionals, e.g. moments of a perpetuity. Applications are made to some standard forms of insurance.
Coadsorption‐Induced Reconstruction of Supramolecular Assembly Characteristics
Authors: Wu Dongxia , Deng Ke , He Meng , Zeng Qingdao , Wang Chen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA host supramolecular structure consisting of bis‐(2,2′:6′,2“‐terpyridine)‐4′‐oxyhexadecane (BT‐O‐C16) is shown to respond to coadsorbed molecules in dramatic ways, as observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) on a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under ambient conditions. Interestingly, the lattice parameter of the triphenylene‐filled complex differs significantly from that of the coronene‐filled one, although the triphenylene and coronene molecules are nearly the same size. The STM study and density functional theory calculations reveal that intermolecular hydrogen‐bond interactions play an essential role in forming the assembly structures. The different electronic properties of coronene and triphenylene molecules are responsible for the difference in lattice parameters and consequently for the difference in filling behaviors in the coronene/BT‐O‐C16 and triphenylene/BT‐O‐C16 binary systems.
AMPCS: Adaptive model predictive control scheduler for guaranteed delay in DiffServ architecture
Authors: Mahramian Mehran , Taheri Hassan , Haeri Mohammad 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn increasing number of different applications face the challenge of providing end‐to‐end quality of service (QoS) support such as bandwidth, delay, jitter, and packet loss. In this paper, we have focused on DiffServ architecture to improve its accuracy. We proposed a new algorithm, called Adaptive Model Predictive Control Scheduler (AMPCS), to schedule differentiated buffers in routers, using Adaptive Model Predictive Control as the controller. AMPCS regulates the service rates of aggregated traffic classes dynamically in a way that some constraints on proportional delay or absolute delay can be guaranteed. Our contribution is to apply a model predictive controller to the scheduling problem to control the QoS parameters accurately. Simulation results show that the AMPCS performs acceptable QoS differentiations at core routers while it maintains end‐to‐end delay
constraints. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Satiety and test meal intake among women with binge eating disorder
Authors: Sysko Robyn , Devlin Michael J. , Walsh B. Timothy , Zimmerli Ellen , Kissileff Harry R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:The purpose of the study was to measure test meal consumption and the changes in hunger and fullness during a test meal in obese individuals with and without binge eating disorder (BED) and normal‐weight controls.Method:Twelve women with BED, 12 obese control participants, and 12 normal‐weight control participants participated in two single‐item test meal sessions. In one session participants were instructed to “binge,” and the other eat a normal meal. Participants made ratings of hunger and fullness on visual analog scales after every 75‐g increment of food.Results:In comparison to obese or normal‐weight controls, patients with BED consumed significantly more food to reach a similar level of fullness or hunger.Conclusion:Individuals with BED consumed significantly more food and showed blunted changes in hunger and fullness during both the binge and nonbinge meals. These findings suggest that individuals with BED may have disturbances in satiety that in some ways resemble those described among individuals with bulimia nervosa. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Pathways utilized by dendritic cells for binding, uptake, processing and presentation of antigens derived from HIV‐1
Authors: Sabado Rachel L. , Babcock Ethan , Kavanagh Daniel G. , Tjomsland Veronica , Walker Bruce D. , Lifson Jeffrey D. , Bhardwaj Nina , Larsson Marie 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe outcome following HIV infection depends on the nature and durability of the HIV‐specific T cell response induced initially. The activation of protective T cell responses depends upon dendritic cells (DC), antigen‐presenting cells which have the capacity to process and present viral antigens. DC pulsed with aldrithiol‐2‐inactivated HIV and delivered in vivo were reported to induce immune responses and promote virologic control in chronically HIV‐1‐infected subjects. To gain an understanding of this phenomenon, we characterized the steps involved in the presentation of antigens derived from aldrithiol‐2‐treated vs. infectious HIV‐1 by DC. Antigen presentation, on both MHC class I and II, was independent of DC‐specific ICAM‐3‐grabbing integrin, DEC‐205 and macrophage mannose receptor, C‐type lectins expressed by the DC. Inhibitor studies showed that presentation on MHC class I was dependent on viral fusion in a CD4/coreceptor‐dependent manner, both at the cell surface and within endosomes, and access to the classical endosomal processing pathway. MHC class II presentation of HIV‐associated antigens was dependent on active endocytosis, probably receptor‐mediated, and subsequent degradation of virions in acidified endosomes in the DC. Our study brings forth new facts regarding the binding, uptake, and processing of chemically inactivated virions leading to efficient antigen presentation and should aid in the design of more effective HIV vaccines.
Effect of Ligand Architecture on the Structure and Properties of Square‐Planar Nickel(II) Complexes of Amide‐Based Macrocycles
Authors: Sharma Savita K. , Upreti Shailesh , Gupta Rajeev 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present work discusses the design and synthesis of four novel macrocyclic ligands and their NiII complexes. All four ligands (H21EN, H22EN, H23OP, H24OP) are designed to provide an identical donor‐environment composed of two deprotonated anionic amide‐N coordination and two neutral amine‐N coordination and an identical 12‐membered macrocyclic ring around the nickel center. The NiII complexes (1, 2, 3, and 4 of doubly deprotonated ligands [1EN]2–, [2EN]2–, [3OP]2–, and [4OP]2–, respectively) are prepared and thoroughly characterized. The coordination geometry around the NiII center is square planar as determined by the single crystal structure analyses. The average Ni–Namide bond lengths are shorter by ca. 0.1 Å than the average Ni–Namine distances while the average Namide–Ni–Namide angles are shorter by ca. 4° than the average Namine–Ni–Namine angles. The NiII ion is housed quite tightly within the aperture of the macrocycle as seen by the short Ni–N bond lengths and a very small displacement (0.11–0.17 Å) of the Ni center out of the N4 basal plane. The detailed 1H and 13C NMR studies on the diamagnetic Ni–complexes reveal that the solid state conformation of the complexes 1–4 is retained in the solution. The NiIII/II potential is fairly positive (>0.6 V vs. SCE) for all four complexes, while the complexes with phenylene as part of the ligand also show the oxidation(s) of the ring(s) (>1.1 V vs. SCE). Coulometric measurements confirm both responses as 1e– process. Electrochemical or chemical oxidation at the 1st potential results in the generation of an unstable “green species” that show distinct features in the absorption spectrum and exhibit anisotropic EPR spectrum. These findings strongly point out that the unstable green species is a NiIII species. The 2nd and/or 3rd oxidation is centered on the phenylene ring(s) and lead to an immediate decomposition. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Mesoporous Carbon Prepared from Carbohydrate as Hard Template for Hierarchical Zeolites
Authors: Zhu Kake , Egeblad Kresten , Christensen Claus Hviid 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA mesoporous carbon prepared from sucrose was successfully employed as a hard template to produce hierarchical silicalite‐1, thus providing a very simple and inexpensive route to desirable zeolite catalysts from widely available raw materials. The porous carbon was prepared by hydrothermal treatment of a mixture of sucrose and ammonia followed by carbonization of the mixture in N2 at high temperatures. The porous carbon produced by this method was subsequently applied as a hard template in the synthesis of mesoporous silicalite‐1 and removed by combustion after synthesis. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected‐area electron diffraction (SAD), thermal gravimetry (TG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), N2 physisorption measurements, Hg porosimetry and CHN elemental analysis techniques were applied to investigate the porous carbon template as well as the mesoporous zeolite single‐crystal material. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ten Years of a Biomimetic Approach to the Copper(II) Radical Site of Galactose Oxidase (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 17/2007)
Authors: Thomas Fabrice 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe cover picture showsshows the active site of Galactose Oxidase, as it was crystallized in the middle of the 1990s. Its active form featured an unprecedented copper(II)‐tyrosyl (Tyr272·) radical system. Since 1996, several model compounds of this entity have been developed worldwide. They contributed significantly to the enhanced understanding of the spectral properties, structural attributes, and even to the reactivity of the enzyme's active site. Four prototypical complexes are shown; each of them is representative of the main classes of ligands developed (tripodal, salen, TACN, and iminosemiquinone scaffolds). Phenoxyl radicals typically exhibit absorption bands at around 420 and 600−800 nm, as shown in the UV/Vis spectrum. Ten years of this bioinorganic story is discussed in the Microreview by F. Thomas on p. 2379 ff.
Effect of Pinus radiata plantations on water balance in Chile
Authors: Huber Anton , Iroumé Andrés , Bathurst James 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effect of Pinus radiata (D. Don) plantations on water resources at different Chilean sites located between 33 and 40 south was determined. Incoming precipitation, canopy interception loss, evapotranspiration, net evapotranspiration (transpiration and evaporation from the soil), percolation and soil water content were measured in each site, where Pinus radiata plantations were 12 to 17 years old and between 700 and 830 trees ha−1 dense. The results were compared with those obtained from areas covered with perennial grasses and shrubs at the same sites. The pine canopies intercepted on average 36–40% of the annual rainfall at all sites where rainfall was less then 1200 mm, while only 15% of the mean rainfall was intercepted in the southernmost and rainy (2081 mm year−1) site. Annual net evapotranspiration increased from south to north from 32% of the incoming precipitation for the southernmost site to 55% for the one located at the lower latitude. In this northernmost site almost the entire incoming precipitation was evapotranspired. Annual percolation registered its minimum value in the northern site (5% of incoming precipitation) and its maxima in the southern one (53%). The values of net evapotranspiration and percolation were regulated by the pluviometric regime and the soil moisture retention capacity in each site. Compared with the shrub or grass covers, sites under Pinus radiata plantations registered higher water consumption by evapotranspiration and reduced percolation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of groundwater quality in Kinmen Island using multivariate analysis and geochemical modelling
Authors: Liu Chen‐Wuing , Jang Cheng‐Shin , Chen Chan‐Po , Lin Chun‐Nan , Lou Kuo‐Liang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractKinmen is located in the south‐west of Mainland China and mainly has two islands, Large Kinmen and Leiyu. Residents in Kinmen have drunk groundwater over several decades. This work characterized the quality of groundwater in Kinmen using factor analysis (FA), cluster analysis (CA) and geochemical simulation. The factor scores were plotted spatially to illustrate the groundwater quality and were used to discuss the grouped relationship using CA. Salinization, redox and organic matter factors are identified from 17 hydrochemical measurements in 18 wells. Acidic and oxidizing groundwater with nitrate‐N pollution is distributed mainly in the west of Large Kinmen. Saline groundwater is distributed to the north‐east of Large Kinmen and in the south of Leiyu. Groundwater with organic matter is present throughout Leiyu. Five groups of the groundwater quality divided by CA can be interpreted according to one to three factors. The grouped characteristics of the groundwater quality help the local government and industries to plan the use and protection of groundwater resources. Furthermore, a geochemical simulation was used to demonstrate the formation processes of the acidic and oxidizing groundwater properties in granitic sediments. A large amount of the precipitation of the kaolinite and magnetite releases concentrations of hydrogen ion and raises the redox potential in the aquifers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Epigenetic silencing of CDX2 is a feature of squamous esophageal cancer
Authors: Guo MingZhou , House Michael G. , Suzuki Hiromu , Ye Ying , Brock Malcolm V. , Lu Fengmin , Liu Zhihua , Rustgi Anil K. , Herman James G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCDX2, a mammalian homologue of the homeobox gene ‘caudal,’ is expressed in gut epithelia and plays an important role in establishing the intestinal phenotype during development. Mice heterozygously disrupted for CDX2 develop disorganized polypoid hamartomas with glandular epithelium and stratified squamous metaplasia resembling foregut mucosa. Since no genetic disruptions of CDX2 have been reported to explain loss of gene function, we examined whether epigenetic mechanisms altered CDX2 expression. Eleven of 17 squamous esophageal cancer cell lines lacked expression of CDX2 that was restored following treatment with 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine, while all colorectal cancer cell lines expressed CDX2. Loss of expression was associated with DNA methylation in the 5′ region of CDX2 determined by methylation specific PCR and bisulfite sequencing. Methylation of CDX2 was rare in primary colorectal (1 of 44 tumors, 2%) and esophageal adenocarcinoma neoplasms (2 of 43 tumors, 5%), but was common in esophageal squamous carcinoma (24 of 45 tumors, 49%). No CDX2 methylation was found in normal tissues. Using semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR, expression of CDX2 was found in low level in normal esophagus, at higher levels in primary adenocarcinoma of the esophagus, but not in primary squamous cancers of the esophagus. Restoration of CDX2 in silenced cell lines resulted in expression of the CDX2 target gene MUC2, a gene important in glandular differentiation. Our results suggest that the inactivation of CDX2 in esophageal cancer associated with DNA methylation may be an important determinant of the squamous or non‐adenomatous phenotype. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Malignant ascites protect against TRAIL‐induced apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway in human ovarian carcinoma cells
Authors: Lane Denis , Robert Véronique , Grondin Roxanne , Rancourt Claudine , Piché Alain 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAscites are commonly found in ovarian cancer patients with advanced disease and are rich in cellular components and growth‐promoting factors. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of malignant ascites on TRAIL‐induced apoptosis. We demonstrate that malignant ascites obtained from women with advanced ovarian cancer protect tumor cells from TRAIL‐ and FasL‐induced apoptosis but not against cisplatin‐induced apoptosis. This antiapoptotic effect was consistently found among different malignant ascites while nonmalignant peritoneal fluids or conditioned medium from TRAIL‐resistant cells failed to protect tumor cells against TRAIL killing. Malignant ascites strongly inhibits TRAIL‐induced caspase‐3 activation and PARP cleavage. Furthermore, ascites activate PI3K and its downstream target Akt and increases c‐FLIPS protein levels without affecting ERK phosphorylation status. The antiapoptotic effect of malignant ascites is abrogated by the inhibition of PI3K with LY294002, by a specific inhibitor of Akt and by Akt siRNA. We further show that the pro‐survival effect of ascites can be suppressed by down‐regulation of c‐FLIPS. Our data indicate that malignant effusions protect against TRAIL‐induced apoptosis by activating the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings demonstrate that the tumor microenvironment may contribute to the resistance of ovarian cancer cells to death receptor‐induced apoptosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CD40‐mediated death and cytokine secretion in colorectal cancer: A potential target for inflammatory tumour cell killing
Authors: Georgopoulos Nikolaos T. , Merrick Alison , Scott Nigel , Selby Peter J. , Melcher Alan , Trejdosiewicz Ludwik K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCD40, a member of the tumour necrosis factor family, is expressed in a variety of epithelial cells. Although soluble CD40 agonists are growth‐inhibitory, membrane‐presented CD40 ligand (CD40L) induces extensive apoptosis in carcinoma cells. This study investigated whether CD40 is expressed in human colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells and explored the functional consequences of CD40 ligation. CD40 expression in a panel of CRC lines was assessed by flow cytometry and in resected human CRCs by immunohistochemistry. CRC cells were treated in vitro with soluble CD40 agonists or cocultured with fibroblasts expressing membrane‐bound CD40 ligand. Apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using Annexin V/propidium iodide labelling and by a DNA fragmentation assay. Cytokine secretion induced by CD40 ligation was quantified by a multiplex‐bead array approach. We show that CD40 is expressed in a proportion of established CRC lines in culture and that receptor expression is functional. Activation of CD40 by membrane‐presented CD40L, but not soluble agonists, causes high levels of death in CD40‐positive CRC cells and induces secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In agreement with our in vitro observations, immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that CD40 is highly expressed in a proportion of colorectal cancer specimens. The high level of susceptibility of CRC cells to CD40‐killing combined with the ability of CD40 to induce concomitant secretion of proinflammatory cytokines suggest that CD40 ligation may represent a novel mechanism for elimination of CRC cells and render CD40 a promising therapeutic target for the eradication of colorectal tumours. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pancreatic cancer microenvironment
Authors: Kleeff Jörg , Beckhove Philipp , Esposito Irene , Herzig Stephan , Huber Peter E. , Löhr J. Matthias , Friess Helmut 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma remains an extremely aggressive malignancy that is virtually therapy‐resistant and has therefore one of the worst prognoses of all human cancers. The focus of research, which had been placed mostly on genetic and epigenetic alterations of the cancer cells themselves, has shifted gradually towards the microenvironment. The cancer microenvironment consists of various components, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, immune cells, and endocrine cells, that interact with each other and the cancer cells in a complex fashion. This interplay has implications for pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration and invasion, angiogenesis, and immunological recognition of cancer cells. Evidence is accumulating that the cancer microenvironment plays an active role in disease progression, and efforts are being made to target this interplay between cancer cells and host cells to improve the outcome of this deadly disease. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
More proofs of menger's theorem
Authors: Nash‐Williams C. St. J. A. , Tutte W. T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractFour ways of proving Menger's Theorem by induction are described. Two of them involve showing that the theorem holds for a finite undirected graph G if it holds for the graphs obtained from G by deleting and contracting the same edge. The other two prove the directed version of Menger's Theorem to be true for a finite digraph D if it is true for a digraph obtained by deleting an edge from D.
Some recent results in hamiltonian graphs
Authors: Lesniak‐Foster L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA variety of recent developments in hamiltonian theory are reviewed. In particular, several sufficient conditions for a graph to be hamiltonian, certain hamiltonian properties of line graphs, and various hamiltonian properties of powers of graphs are discussed. Furthermore, the concept of an n‐distant hamiltonian graph is introduced and several theorems involving this special class of hamiltonian graphs are presented.
Blocks and the nonorientable genus of graphs
Authors: Stahl Saul , Beineke Lowell W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractExamples are given to show that the nonorientable genus of a graph is not additive over its blocks. A nonorientable analog for the Battle, Harary, Kodama, and Youngs Theorem is proved; this completely determines the nonorientable genus of a graph in terms of its blocks. It is also shown that one of the above counterexamples has the minimum possible order.
Packing and covering constants for certain families of trees. I
Authors: Meir A. , Moon J. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIf ℱ denotes a family of rooted trees, let pk(n) and ck(n) denote the average value of the k‐packing and k‐covering numbers of trees in ℱ that have n nodes. We assume, among other things, that the generating function y of trees in ℱ satisfies a relation of the type y = xϕ(y) for some power series ϕ. We show that the limits of pk(n)/n and ck(n)/n as n → ∞ exist and we describe how to evaluate these limits.
The number of self‐complementary achiral necklaces
Authors: Palmer E. M. , Schwenk A. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNecklaces with beads of two colors which are left unchanged both by a reflection as well as by the interchange of the two colors are characterized in terms of their axes of symmetry. This characterization is then used to enumerate them. For n = 2rm with r ≥ 1 and m odd, the number of self‐complementary achiral necklaces is magnified image for large even n, this sum is asymptotic to 2{n/4}‐1.
Bounds on chromatic numbers of multiple factors of a complete graph
Authors: Plesník Ján 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBounds on the sum and product of the chromatic numbers of n factors of a complete graph of order p are shown to exist. The well‐known theorem of Nordhaus and Gaddum solves the problem for n = 2. Strict lower and some upper bounds for any n and strict upper bounds for n = 3 are given. In particular, the sum of the chromatic numbers of three factors is between 3p1/3 and p + 3 and the product is between p and [(p + 3)/3]3.
Graphs with unique maximal clumpings
Authors: Blass Andreas 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA partition of the vertices of a graph is called a clumping if, for vertices in distinct partition classes, adjacency depends only on the partition classes, not on the specific vertices. We give a simple necessary and sufficient condition for a finite graph to have a unique maximal clumping. We also investigate the extent to which this and related results generalize to infinite graphs.