bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clarification of Laboratory and Clinical Variables That Influence Cystic Fibrosis Newborn Screening With Initial Analysis of Immunoreactive Trypsinogen
Authors: Kloosterboer Molly , Hoffman Gary , Rock Michael , Gershan William , Laxova Anita , Li Zhanhai , Farrell Philip M. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVES. To ensure that each newborn receives an equitable test of the highest possible sensitivity, we recognized the necessity to reassess immunoreactive trypsinogen and DNA issues in cystic fibrosis newborn screening algorithms. Our objectives included clarification of various factors that influence immunoreactive trypsinogen concentrations and resolution of long-standing questions about variations in immunoreactive trypsinogen levels among newborns.METHODS. Immunoreactive trypsinogen data on 660443 newborns who were born between July 1, 1994, and June 30, 2004, were abstracted from the Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene databases and deidentified for analysis. Using a compiled data set, we analyzed various demographic characteristics to determine their role, if any, in immunoreactive trypsinogen variation. Specifically, season of birth, reagent lot, and birth weight were examined. Sensitivities of the most common cystic fibrosis newborn screening protocols, namely immunoreactive trypsinogen/immunoreactive trypsinogen and immunoreactive trypsinogen/DNA, were also investigated.RESULTS. Mean and 95th percentile immunoreactive trypsinogen levels were shown to vary by both season and reagent lot number and affect sensitivity of the assay. Low birth weight infants had significantly higher immunoreactive trypsinogen values than normal birth weight infants. Sensitivities were also found to vary on the basis of the algorithm used, with the highest sensitivity of 96.2% calculated for an immunoreactive trypsinogen/DNA protocol with 23 cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutation analyses compared with 80.2% with the immunoreactive trypsinogen/immunoreactive trypsinogen method used in 9 states.CONCLUSIONS. Floating, rather than fixed, cutoff values for the initial immunoreactive trypsinogen portion of any cystic fibrosis newborn screening protocol are generally necessary on the basis of the seasonal and reagent lot variations observed. Because of its lower sensitivity, immunoreactive trypsinogen/immunoreactive trypsinogen does not optimize detection of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Who Will Speak for Me? Improving End-of-Life Decision-Making for Adolescents With HIV and Their Families
Authors: Lyon Maureen E. , Garvie Patricia A. , McCarter Robert , Briggs Linda , He Jianping , D'Angelo Lawrence J. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this research was to test the effectiveness of a model of family/adolescent-centered advance care planning for adolescents living with HIV and their families for increasing congruence and quality of communication while decreasing decisional conflict.PATIENTS AND METHODS. Ours was a 2-group, randomized, controlled trial in 2 hospital-based outpatient clinics in Washington and Memphis from 2006 to 2008. Participants (N = 38 dyads) included medically stable adolescents aged 14 to 21 years with HIV/AIDS and surrogates/families aged ≥21 years. Three 60- to 90-minute sessions were conducted 1 week apart via a semistructured family interview with a trained/certified interviewer. Each session encompassed, respectively: (1) Lyon Advance Care Planning Survey; (2) Respecting Choices interview; and (3) Five Wishes. Controls received (1) developmental history, (2) safety tips, and (3) future plans. Family congruence was measured by the Statement of Treatment Preferences and adolescent decisional conflict by the Decisional Conflict Scale, immediately after session 2. Communication was measured by the Quality of Participant-Interviewer Communication Scale after each session.RESULTS. Adolescent demographics were as follows: mean age was 16 years; 40% were boys; 92% were black; HIV transmission rate was 68% perinatal and 32% sexually acquired; 42% were asymptomatic; 29% were symptomatic; and 29% had a diagnosis of AIDS. Significantly increased congruence for testing the difference of the 2 κ values for the 2 conditions was observed for intervention versus control dyads. Intervention adolescents reported feeling significantly better informed about end-of-life decisions. Intervention adolescents and all of the surrogates were more likely to feel that their attitudes and wishes were known by the interviewer over time. Intervention families, significantly more so than controls, rated the overall quality of discussion as very good to excellent.CONCLUSIONS. Family-centered advance care planning by trained facilitators increased congruence in adolescent/surrogate preferences for end-of-life care, decreased decisional conflict, and enhanced communication quality. Families acknowledged a life-threatening condition and were willing to initiate end-of-life conversations when their adolescents were medically stable.
Skeletal Surveys in Infants With Isolated Skull Fractures
Authors: Wood Joanne N. , Christian Cindy W. , Adams Cynthia M. , Rubin David M. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to describe the utility of skeletal surveys and factors associated with both skeletal survey use and referral to child protective services for infants with skull fractures in the absence of significant intracranial injury.METHODS. A retrospective chart review was performed for infants who were evaluated at a tertiary children's hospital because of an isolated, non–motor vehicle-related, skull fracture between 1997 and 2006. Logistic regression analyses were used to test for associations of demographic factors, clinical findings that raised suspicion for abuse (absence of trauma history, changing history, delay in care, previous child protective services involvement, and other cutaneous injuries), and fracture type (simple versus complex) with the primary outcomes of skeletal survey use and reports to child protective services.RESULTS. Among the 341 infants in the study, 31% had clinical findings that raised suspicion for abuse and 42% had complex skull fractures. Skeletal surveys were obtained for 141 infants (41%) and detected additional fractures for only 2 (1.4%) of those 141 infants. Child protective services reports were made for 52 (15%) of the 341 children. Both infants with positive skeletal survey findings had other clinical findings that raised suspicion for abuse, and they were among those reported. With controlling for race and age, Medicaid-eligible/uninsured infants were more likely than privately insured infants to receive skeletal surveys and child protective services reports in the presence of a complex skull fracture or clinical findings that raised suspicion for abuse.CONCLUSION. Skeletal surveys were ordered frequently for infants with isolated skull fractures, but they rarely added additional information, beyond the history and physical findings, to support a report to child protective services.
Reference Ranges for Hematocrit and Blood Hemoglobin Concentration During the Neonatal Period: Data From a Multihospital Health Care System
Authors: Jopling Jeffery , Henry Erick , Wiedmeier Susan E. , Christensen Robert D. 
Published: January 2009

OBJECTIVE. “Reference ranges” are developed when it is impossible or inappropriate to establish “normal ranges” by drawing blood on healthy normal volunteers. Reference ranges for the hematocrit and the blood hemoglobin concentration of newborn infants have previously been reported from relatively small sample sizes by using measurement methods that now are considered outmoded.
METHODS. We sought to develop reference ranges for hematocrit and hemoglobin during the neonatal period (28 days) by using very large sample sizes and modern hematology analyzers, accounting for gestational and postnatal age and gender. Data were assembled from a multihospital health care system after exclusion of patients with a high likelihood of an abnormal value and those who were receiving blood transfusions.
RESULTS. During the interval from 22 to 40 weeks' gestation, the hematocrit and blood hemoglobin concentration increased approximately linearly. For every week advance in gestational age, the hematocrit increased by 0.64% and the hemoglobin concentration increased by 0.21 g/dL. No difference was seen on the basis of gender. During the 4-hour interval after birth, hematocrit/hemoglobin values of late preterm and term neonates (35–42 weeks' gestation) increased by 3.6% ± 0.5% (mean ± SD), those of neonates of 29 to 34 weeks' gestation remained unchanged, and those of &lt;29 weeks' gestation decreased by 6.0% ± 0.3%. During the first 28 days after birth, an approximately linear decrease in hematocrit/hemoglobin occurred.
CONCLUSIONS. The figures presented herein describe reference ranges for hematocrit and blood hemoglobin concentration during the neonatal period, accounting for gestational and postnatal age.
Effects of Monthly Dose and Regular Dosing of Intravenous Active Vitamin D Use on Mortality Among Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Peter Wendy L. St. , Li Shuling , Liu Jiannong , Gilbertson David T. , Arneson Thomas J. , Collins Allan J. 
Published: January 2009

Study Objectives. To determine if apparent protective mortality benefits of intravenous active vitamin D in patients undergoing hemodialysis extend across all groups defined by dialysis duration; if higher monthly dose and dosing regularity are associated with reduced mortality; and if intravenous active vitamin D use is associated with reduced cardiovascular, infectious, and cancer‐related mortality.Study Design. Retrospective cohort studyData Source. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services End‐Stage Renal Disease database.Patients. A total of 193,830 patients undergoing hemodialysis during 1999–2000, of whom 94,208 (48.6%) were taking intravenous active vitamin D in the baseline period.Measurements and Main Results. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the effects of monthly vitamin D dose and dosing regularity over 3‐month intervals on risk of all‐cause and cause‐specific death, by dialysis duration groups (< 1 yr, 1 to < 3 yrs, 3 to < 5 yrs, and ≤ 5 yrs from dialysis initiation). Models were adjusted for baseline characteristics, time‐varying hospital days, monthly epoetin alfa dose, mean hemoglobin level, and urea reduction ratio in the 3‐month intervals. Maximum follow‐up time was 5.25 years. Adjusted all‐cause mortality risk was reduced 7–17% among patients receiving vitamin D each month of the 3‐month interval, with the highest reduction among patients with shorter dialysis duration. However, regular vitamin D dosing did not show consistent benefit across dialysis duration groups for cardiovascular, infectious, cancer, or other (all deaths not attributable to cardiovascular disease, infection, or cancer) mortality.Conclusion. Mortality benefits of intravenous vitamin D cannot be easily explained by currently proposed biologic mechanisms. Randomized controlled trials are needed to show definitively whether intravenous vitamin D can reduce all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in patients undergoing dialysis compared with placebo.
66.1: Ambient Light Control for Mobile Displays
Authors: Swinkels Stefan , Heynderickx Ingrid , Yeates David , Essers Maurice 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReadability on a mobile LCD can be improved by dynamically adapting the display's intensity to the ambient illumination. A study was performed to investigate how fast to adapt the display's intensity when switching between bright and dark environments, such that people have good readability, and do not perceive display flicker.
9.3: 15‐inch AMOLED Display with SPC TFTs and a Symmetric Driving Method
Authors: Jung Sang Hoon , Lee Hong Koo , Kim Chang Yeon , Yoon Soo Young , Kim Chang Dong , Kang In Byeong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have developed a new 15.0‐inch AMOLED display. An advanced Solid Phase Crystallization (a‐SPC) method was employed for the increase of uniformity and reliability of TFTs. A new pixel was proposed for the compensation of I×R voltage drop in power line and a symmetric driving scheme was also developed for the reduction of short term image sticking problem.
68.1: Invited Paper: Energy Transfer in Organic Phosphorescent Host‐Guest Systems
Authors: Tokito Shizuo , Tanaka Isao 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe report on phosphorescence in tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato) aluminum(III) (Alq3) and bis(2‐methyl‐8‐quinolinato)‐4‐phenylphenolate aluminum (BAlq) thin films observed by doping tris(2‐phenylpyridine)iridium (Ir(ppy)3,). We found that triplet energies of those materials are 2.0 eV and 2.2 eV, respectively. Forster and Dexter energy transfers between the host and guest molecules are discussed in detail. The efficient energy transfer through Ir(ppy)3 enable us to observe strong phosphorescence from the organic materials.
9.4: Late‐News Paper: Fast Current‐Programming Method to OLED
Authors: Shim Chang‐Hoon , Hattori Reiji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe concept of ‘negative capacitance’, which consists of a differentiation circuit, an inverting voltage amplifier and a voltage‐to‐current converter, was introduced to the driving of PMOLED to shorten the current setting time even at a small current level. This new driving circuit enabled to show an accurate gray scale with both PWM and PAM methods, and is also applicable to a current‐programmed AMOLED.
P‐3: The Future Design Impact of Large Size Color Sequential TFT‐LCD
Authors: Hwang Kwang Jo , Lim Byoung Ho , Lee Dong Hoon , Yu Sang Jeon 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe Wide Full‐HD CS (Color Sequential) displays are designed about 42″ TFT‐LCD. Two‐block pixel structure was adopted as the basis for reducing transfer cross‐talk and doubling gate on time margin. The target specification of mobility was also simulated to achieve stable driving condition. Finally we performed TC (Transfer Cross‐talk) simulation in a method of 2Dimentional map.
P‐5: Spacer Technique to Fabricate pSi TFTs with 50nm Nanowire Channels
Authors: Chang Chia‐Wen , Chen Szu‐Fen , Wu Shih‐Chieh , Lin Guan‐Liang , Lei Tan‐Fu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this work, polycrystalline silicon thin‐film transistors (poly‐Si TFTs) with 50‐nm nanowire (NW) channels fabricated without advanced photolithography by using a sidewall spacer formation technique are proposed for the first time. Because the poly gate electrode is perpendicularly across poly‐Si NW channels to form a tri‐gate‐like structure, the proposed poly‐Si NW TFT owns an outstanding gate controllability. In summary, a simple and low‐cost scheme is proposed to fabricate high‐performance poly‐Si NW TFT suitable for future display manufacturing and practical applications.
P‐8: A New Hybrid Analog‐Digital Driving Method to Improve AMOLED Lifetime
Authors: Shin Dong‐Yong , Woo Jong‐Kwan , Hong Yongtaek , Kim Suhwan , Kim Keum‐Nam , Kim Hye‐Dong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe propose a new hybrid pixel driving method that combines conventional digital driving with analog compensation for the declining electrical performance that occurs as OLEDs age. Image uniformity, and thus display lifetime, is improved by directly measuring the variation in OLED voltage at each pixel for a given OLED current level and then controlling the voltage drop across its driving TFT of an individual pixel.
P‐41: Colorimetric Characterization of High‐Dynamic‐Range LCDs
Authors: Cheng Yu‐Kuo , Shieh Han‐Ping D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA modified model, incorporating backlight intensity, for chromatic characterization of the HDR LCD was proposed. Images, exemplifying regular and random backlight distributions, were designed to evaluate the proposed model. The results showed that chromaticity of three primaries varied with incident backlight intensity. Moreover, CIEDE2000 color differences of the proposed model ranged from 0.02 to 2.35, while those of the conventional model were greater than 3.41.
P‐46: Optimization of Subpixel Color Tiles for Mobile Displays
Authors: Xu Gang , Gille Jennifer , Gally Brian , Tung Ming‐Hau , Chui Clarence 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA key issue for the optimization of subpixel color tiles for mobile displays is to maximize the image quality, often defined in terms of brightness or reflectance, and color saturation, while minimizing display power consumption. for the mirasol™ display based on MEMS technology, the RGBY quad is found to be a structure that achieves a balance between reflectance and color saturation. Simulation results based upon demonstration devices are presented with discussions about proper image quality metrics for mobile displays.
12.1: Evaluation of Electrical Insulating Properties and Flexibility of Stainless Steel Foil with Insulating Film
Authors: Yamada Noriko , Ogura Toyoshi , Kubo Yuji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhen used for the substrate of next‐generation flexible display devices, stainless steel foil with insulating film exhibits better heat resistance and chemical stability than plastic films. The flexibility of stainless steel foil depends on its production process. Hard stainless steel foil without bright annealing exhibits excellent bending resistance. We formed insulating films of organically modified silicate approximately 1.5 μm in thickness on stainless steel foil by the sol‐gel process. The films had an insulating resistance as high as 1E+09 Ωcm2. Stainless steel foil coated with these films also showed a good resistance to repeated bending.
P‐242L: Late‐News Poster: Development of 13BIT Source Driver / Timing Controller Chip‐Set with RGB Individual Gamma Control and Evaluation Report on the Panel
Authors: Kano Hideki , Nosaka Takeshi , Higuchi Koji , Yusa Atsushi , Takahashi Atsushi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWell known different characteristics of Gamma at Red, Green and Blue should be compensated, individually. It is normally adjusted by Graphic Processing Unit. We developed first 13BIT (8192 Gray‐Scales) equivalent Source Driver and Timing Controller for RGB individual Gamma control within the Driving Unit. We made a Demonstration‐Set, and confirmed to achieve the real color and flexible color control.
P‐65: Optimising Polyester Films for Flexible Electronic Applications
Authors: Eveson Robert , MacDonald William A. , MacKerron Duncan , Hodgson Andrew , Adam Raymond , Rakos Karl , Rollins Keith , Rustin Robert , Looney M. Kieran , Stewart John , Asai Masato , Hashimoto Katsuyuki 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDuPont Teijin Films™ (DTF) have developed engineered substrates for the flexible electronics market. Teonex ®Q65FA and Melinex® ST506/504 are biaxially oriented semi‐crystalline polyesters. for applications requiring high surface smoothness over wide area, planarised Teonex® Q65FA and Melinex® ST506 are emerging as suitable substrate materials for backplanes and frontplanes. The property set requirements for these films can be demanding as they are replacing rigid glass substrates. It is important to understand and control factors that can influence properties to achieve the optimum performance for a given flexible display application. This contribution will discuss the impact of applying a planariser coating to biaxially oriented semi‐crystalline polymers.
12.3: Defect Visualization of Atomic Layer Deposition Enabled Polymer Barriers Using Fluorescent Tags
Authors: Zhang Yadong , Miller David C. , Bertrand Jacob A. , Jen Shih‐Hui , Yang Ronggui , Dunn Martin L. , George Steven M. , Lee Y. C. , Zhang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNanometer thick alumina barrier coatings deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) can be used to enable flexible packaging to protect organic light emitting diodes (OLED) and other electronic/optoelectronic components from moisture‐and oxygen‐aided deterioration. Individual defects and cracks generated in the coating during processing, subsequent handling and application, allow the leakage of reactive species that may lead to device degradation. Therefore, novel fluorescent tags have been developed to visualize defects and damage, enabling rapid quality inspection of barrier layers. for ALD alumina coatings deposited on polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) substrates, the fluorescent taggant identified cracks ∼20nm in width and individual defects as small as ∼200nm in diameter. This novel approach, which is non‐destructive and fully compatible with the optical inspection methods that are widely used in manufacturing, is expected to have a major impact on the quality control of flexible polymer packaging of OLED and other organic components or systems.
P‐85: Fast Thermal Stress Estimation Methodology
Authors: Tai Ming‐Lang , Yeh Tung‐Kung , Chen Wei‐Jen , Huang Wei‐Lin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAs we had known that conventional thermal stress estimation scheme for the components on system board will usually get the over‐predicted results inefficiently. In this paper, we will propose one fast and accurate estimation scheme. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can get better prediction accurately and automatically.
13.1: High‐Luminance 1.8mm‐Pitch CNT‐FED for Ubiquitous Color Character Displays
Authors: Yotani Junko , Uemura Sashiro , Nagasako Takeshi , Kurachi Hiroyuki , Nakao Takehiro , Ito Masaaki , Sakurai Akira , Shimoda Hideo , Ezaki Tomotaka , Fukuda Kazuhiko , Saito Yahachi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA high‐luminance 1.8mm‐pitch CNT‐FED for color‐character‐display was developed. The display‐panel had 32×256‐color‐pixels, and the sub‐pixel size was 0.6mm×1.8mm. The display panel can provide good‐visibility when installed even in outdoor locations. The power consumption was low enough to be batter driven. The practical application is highly expected to display important message to evacuate from the disaster area, even under emergent no‐power condition in such as vending machines.
P‐99: A Backlight Based on a Laser Diode and Its Design Considerations
Authors: Inaba Yuta , Imai Keita , Fujieda Ichiro , Onishi Ikuo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have constructed an edge‐lit backlight by using a blue‐emitting laser diode, an optical fiber and a YAG‐based phosphor. White light output was obtained from the backlight surface. We discuss some design issues and expect a high efficiency and a wide gamut for such a backlight.
P‐106: Phosphors for a White LED to Achieve an LCD with Wide Color Gamut
Authors: Igarashi T. , Kusunoki T. , Yang Y. , Higuchi M. , Kimura S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have developed a mobile display using wide‐color‐gamut(WCG)‐white‐LEDs. An LCD with WCG‐white‐LEDs has almost the same color gamut (103% u'v'diagram) as that with WCG‐CCFLs developed by Sony. A red‐emitting‐phosphor with the longer luminescent wavelength should be used in WCG‐white‐LED to achieve WCG, because of the emission originated from 4f‐5d transition.
P‐107 Computer‐Simulation‐Based Optical‐Efficiency Maximization for a Direct‐Type LED Backlight Unit
Authors: Han Gil‐Won , Jin Min‐Ji , Park Hee‐Jeong , Jung Soon‐Shin , Moon Jeong‐Min , Kang In‐Byeong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDistortion to the angular light distribution of LED within a LED Backlight unit can result in a decline of luminance and color uniformity. Effects of components within a LED package on angular light distribution uniformity were studied in detail by utilizing the ‘LightTools®’, a commercialized software, to derive optimal optical solution for a LED backlight unit.
P‐109: Cooling Efficiency Improvement of LCD Module by High Emissivity Surface Treating in Natural Convection Condition
Authors: Tsai Yuan‐Chi , Chen Ya‐Wen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss how to improve cooling efficiency of LCD module in natural convection. By using numerical analysis and experiments, we discover that coating high emissivity material on the back surface of LCD module can enhance cooling. After high emissivity surface treating, the temperature of key parts of LCD module reduced. We use LED to be light sources of LCD module. The lower temperature of LED, the more effective of luminance and longer life time.