bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wild-Derived XY Sex-Reversal Mutants in the Medaka,Oryzias latipes
Authors: Otake Hiroyuki , Shinomiya Ai , Matsuda Masaru , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Sakaizumi Mitsuru 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe medaka, Oryzias latipes, has an XX/XY sex-determination mechanism. A Y-linked DM domain gene, DMY, has been isolated by positional cloning as a sex-determining gene in this species. Previously, we found 23 XY sex-reversed females from 11 localities by examining the genotypic sex of wild-caught medaka. Genetic analyses revealed that all these females had Y-linked gene mutations. Here, we aimed to clarify the cause of this sex reversal. To achieve this, we screened for mutations in the amino acid coding sequence of DMY and examined DMY expression at 0 days after hatching (dah) using densitometric semiquantitative RT–PCR. We found that the mutants could be classified into two groups. One contained mutations in the amino acid coding sequence of DMY, while the other had reduced DMY expression at 0 dah although the DMY coding sequence was normal. For the latter, histological analyses indicated that YwOurYwOur (YwOur, Y chromosome derived from an Oura XY female) individuals with the lowest DMY expression among the tested mutants were expected to develop into females at 0 dah. These results suggest that early testis development requires DMY expression above a threshold level. Mutants with reduced DMY expression may prove valuable for identifying DMY regulatory elements.
Loss-Of-Function Alleles of the JIL-1 Kinase Are Strong Suppressors of Position Effect Variegation of the wm4 Allele in Drosophila
Authors: Lerach Stephanie , Zhang Weiguo , Bao Xiaomin , Deng Huai , Girton Jack , Johansen Jørgen , Johansen Kristen M 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In this article we show that hypomorphic loss-of-function alleles of the JIL-1 histone H3S10 kinase are strong suppressors of position effect variegation (PEV) of the wm4 allele and that lack of JIL-1 activity can counteract the effect of the dominant enhancer E(var)2-1 on PEV.
Toward a Molecular Understanding of Pleiotropy
Authors: He Xionglei , Zhang Jianzhi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Pleiotropy refers to the observation of a single gene influencing multiple phenotypic traits. Although pleiotropy is a common phenomenon with broad implications, its molecular basis is unclear. Using functional genomic data of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, here we show that, compared with genes of low pleiotropy, highly pleiotropic genes participate in more biological processes through distribution of the protein products in more cellular components and involvement in more protein–protein interactions. However, the two groups of genes do not differ in the number of molecular functions or the number of protein domains per gene. Thus, pleiotropy is generally caused by a single molecular function involved in multiple biological processes. We also provide genomewide evidence that the evolutionary conservation of genes and gene sequences positively correlates with the level of gene pleiotropy.
Exonuclease Requirements for Recombination of λ-Phage inrecDMutants ofEscherichia coli
Authors: Ðermić Damir , Zahradka Davor , Petranović Mirjana 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRecombination of λ red gam phage in recD mutants is unaffected by inactivation of RecJ exonuclease. Since nucleases play redundant roles in E. coli, we inactivated several exonucleases in a recD mutant and discovered that 5′–3′ exonuclease activity of RecJ and exonuclease VII is essential for λ-recombination, whereas exonucleases of 3′–5′ polarity are dispensable. The implications of the presented data on current models for recombination initiation in E. coli are discussed.
Cis-transcriptional Variation in Maize Inbred Lines B73 and Mo17 Leads to Additive Expression Patterns in the F1 Hybrid
Authors: Stupar Robert M , Springer Nathan M 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Microarray analysis of gene expression patterns in immature ear, seedling, and embryo tissues from the maize inbred lines B73 and Mo17 identified numerous genes with variable expression. Some genes had detectable expression in only one of the two inbreds; most of these genes were detected in the genomic DNA of both inbreds, indicating that the expression differences are likely caused by differential regulation rather than by differences in gene content. Gene expression was also monitored in the reciprocal F1 hybrids B73 × Mo17 and Mo17 × B73. The reciprocal F1 hybrid lines did not display parental effects on gene expression levels. Approximately 80% of the differentially expressed genes displayed additive expression patterns in the hybrids relative to the inbred parents. The ∼20% of genes that display nonadditive expression patterns tend to be expressed at levels within the parental range, with minimal evidence for novel expression levels greater than the high parent or less than the low parent. Analysis of allele-specific expression patterns in the hybrid suggested that intraspecific variation in gene expression levels is largely attributable to cis-regulatory variation in maize. Collectively, our data suggest that allelic cis-regulatory variation between B73 and Mo17 dictates maintenance of inbred allelic expression levels in the F1 hybrid, resulting in additive expression patterns.
Clinical Manifestations and Risk Factors of Children Receiving Triple Ventilating Tube Insertions for Treatment of Recurrent Otitis Media With Effusion
Authors: Ahn Joong Ho , Yoon Tae Hyun , Pae Ki Hoon , Kim Tae Su , Chung Jong Woo , Lee Kwang-Sun 
Published: May 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our goal was to determine risk factors for children receiving additional ventilating tube insertions after initial tube insertion and to determine the changes of clinical manifestations in children who have undergone 3 ventilating tube insertion procedures.
STUDY DESIGN. We retrospectively analyzed medical and operation records of 423 young patients who had ventilating tube insertion because of chronic otitis media with effusion from January 1993 to December 1998. The single-operation group included patients who had 1 ventilating tube insertion only, and the triple-operation group included patients who received ventilating tube insertion 3 times because of recurring chronic otitis media with effusion.
RESULTS. At the first operation, there were significant differences between the single- and triple-operation groups in mean age, the proportion who received a concurrent adenoidectomy, the mean indwelling period of the first ventilating tube, the proportion who developed postoperative otorrhea within 1 month, and the proportion who had early extrusion of the ventilating tube within 3 months of surgery. In the triple-operation group, the accumulated number of adenoidectomies, the indwelling period of the ventilating tube, and the time interval before subsequent ventilating tube insertion after ventilating tube extrusion significantly increased as ventilating tube insertion procedures were performed repeatedly. Although there was no difference when compared with the single-operation group, the proportion of glue-like effusion significantly decreased as ventilating tube insertion procedures were performed repeatedly. There were no significant differences between the single- and triple-operation groups in male/female ratio, site of ventilating tube insertion, and the proportion of patients with glue-like effusion at the first ventilating tube insertion.
CONCLUSIONS. The probability of receiving additional ventilating tube insertion because of recurrent otitis media with effusion significantly increased in younger patients at the time of first ventilating tube insertion. The concurrent adenoidectomy, duration of the ventilating tube, postoperative otorrhea within 1 month, and early extrusion of the ventilating tube also influenced the probability of additional ventilating tube insertion.
Magnetic field generation from cosmological perturbations
Authors: Takahashi K. , Ichiki K. , Ohno H. , Hanayama H. , Sugiyama N. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe discuss generation of magnetic field from cosmological perturbations. We consider the evolution of three component plasma (electron, proton and photon) evaluating the collision term between elecrons and photons up to the second order. The collision term is shown to induce electric current, which then generate magnetic field. There are three contributions, two of which can be evaluated from the first‐order quantities, while the other one is fluid vorticity which is purely second order. We compute numerically the magnitudes of the former contributions and shows that the amplitude of the produced magnetic field is about ∼ 10–19 G at 10 kpc comoving scale at present. Compared to astrophysical and inflationary mechanisms for seed‐.eld generation, our study suffers from much less ambiguities concerning unknown physics and/or processes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of cosmological magnetic helicity on the CMB
Authors: Kahniashvili T. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractI present a short review of primordial magnetic helicity effects on Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropies. These effects allow us to test for cosmological magnetic helicity; however, very accurate CMB fluctuation data are required. This scheme for magnetic helicity detection is valid only for a cosmological magnetic field with a present amplitude larger than 10–9–10–10 Gauss. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear amplification of the magnetized pancakes
Authors: Siemieniec‐Oziȩbło G. , Woszczyna A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractNonlinear growth of one‐dimensional density structures with a frozen‐in magnetic field is investigated in Newtonian cosmology. A mechanism of magnetic field amplification is discussed. We discuss the relation between the initial conditions for the velocity field and the basic time‐scales determining the growth of the magnetized structure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Formation of large‐scale magnetic‐towers in quasars
Authors: Kato Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe evolution of accretion disks and the formation of jets around super‐massive black holes are studied by 3‐D magnetohydrodynamic simulations. The previous studies of astrophysical jets have been concentrated on the effects of large‐scale magnetic fields permeating accretion disks. However, the existence of such global magnetic fields is not evident in astrophysical objects, and their origin is not well understood. Instead, we concentrate on the effect of the magnetic fields amplified as a result of the magneto‐rotational instability in the differentially rotating disk. In our simulations, we found the emergence of accumulated toroidal magnetic fields from the inner region of the disk (a so‐called magnetic‐tower) and also the formation of jets accelerated by the magnetic pressure of the magnetic‐tower. The magnetic energy, ejected by the magnetic‐tower jet during a lifetime of an active galactic nuclei (AGNs), is about 1046 erg. Our results indicate that the magnetic‐tower jet can be one of the most powerful process for the formation and the evolution of the large‐scale structured magnetic .elds in the cluster of galaxies. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dynamos from large‐scale flows versus α ‐effect
Authors: Arlt R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe observation of certain longitudes on stars which show persistent activity requires non‐axisymmetric dynamo solutions which coexist with the typical axisymmetric, oscillatory dynamo solutions known from mean‐field α ‐dynamos. This study is an attempt of finding non‐axisymmetric solutions arising from large‐scale flows with meridional circulation and a differential rotation imitating the ones in stars. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic fields in the Southern Galactic Plane Survey
Authors: Haverkorn M. , Gaensler B. M. , Brown J.‐A. C. , McClure‐Griffiths N. M. , Dickey J. M. , Green A. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe Southern Galactic Plane Survey (SGPS) is a 1.4 GHz radio polarization and H I survey in a large part of the inner Galactic plane at a resolution of about an arcmin. Depolarization and Faraday rotation of polarized radiation from diffuse Galactic synchrotron emission, pulsars, and extragalactic sources can be used to infer information about the strength and structure of the Galactic magnetic field. Here, we discuss early results of the polarization data from the SGPS. We show from statistical analysis of rotation measures of polarized extragalactic sources that fluctuations in the magnetoionized medium of the spiral arms are probably mainly caused by H II regions, while the rotation measure fluctuations in the interarm regions may be connected to the interstellar turbulent cascade. Furthermore, the variations of rotation measure with Galactic longitude enable modeling of the large‐scale component of the Galactic magnetic field, including determination of the number and location of magnetic field reversals. Finally, the SGPS is an excellent way to study subparsec‐scale structure in the ionized interstellar medium by way of depolarization studies in H II regions. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A statistical analysis of a Galactic all sky survey at 1.4 GHz
Authors: Burigana C. , La Porta L. , Reich P. , Reich W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractRadio surveys at frequencies of ∼ 1 GHz allow to map the synchrotron emission (SE) in a frequency range where (except for very low Galactic latitudes or towards localized regions) it dominates over the other radio components. New all sky total intensity and polarization data at 1.4 GHz have been recently collected.We focus on the Galactic radio emission correlation properties described in terms of angular power spectrum (APS).We present for the first time the APS, in both total intensity and polarization modes, for some representative Galactic cuts and suitable APS power law (PL) parametrizations. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The origin of magnetic fields in galaxies: Observational tests with the Square Kilometre Array
Authors: Beck R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe all‐sky survey of Faraday rotation , a Key Science Project of the planned Square Kilometre Array, will accumulate tens of millions of rotation measure measurements toward background radio sources and will provide a unique database for characterizing the overall magnetic geometry of magnetic fields in galaxies and in the intergalactic medium. Deep imaging of the polarized synchrotron emission from a large number of nearby galaxies, combined with Faraday rotation data, will allow us to test primordial, gas flow, and dynamo models for field origin and amplification. The SKA will find the first magnetic fields in young galaxies and determine the timescale for building up small‐scale turbulent and large‐scale coherent fields. The spectrum of dynamo modes, if existing, will be resolved. The present‐day coherent field may keep memory of the direction of the seed field which can be used for mapping the structure of the seed field before galaxy formation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Extragalactic radio sources, IGM magnetic fields, and AGN‐based energy flows
Authors: Kronberg P. P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractI review the interconnections between extragalactic radio sources and extragalactic magnetic fields in large‐scale structure. I focus on energy flows and magnetic fields arising from AGN‐powered radio sources. A new combined Faraday rotation (RM) and galaxy count analysis is described which provides the first Faraday RM test for magnetic field strengths in regions of local cosmological large‐scale structure. I also describe both recent and new results that probe intergalactic magnetic fields via faint synchrotron radiation at the lowest detectable levels. Evidence for the cosmologically early generation of significant magnetic fields in galaxy systems is briefly reviewed, including initial results of a new global RM probe out to redshifts greater than 3. In the course of reviewing these new results, I comment on some desirable specifications of next‐generation instruments. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Observations of magnetic fields in regular and irregular clusters
Authors: Govoni F. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe existence of magnetic fields associated with the intracluster medium in clusters of galaxies is now well established through different methods of analysis. The most detailed evidence for the presence of cluster magnetic fields comes from radio observations. Magnetic fields can be investigated through the synchrotron emission of cluster‐wide diffuse sources and from studies of the rotation measure of polarized radio galaxies. I will review efforts to measure magnetic field strengths and power spectra and the main issues that have led to our knowledge on magnetic fields in regular and irregular clusters of galaxies. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Radio emission of galaxy clusters
Authors: Golombek I. , Bartelmann M. , Enßlin T. , Jubelgas M. , Pfrommer C. , Springel V. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe use a simplified numerical model for the relativistic electron population originating from hadronic proton decays inside a galaxy cluster to calculate its characteristic radio synchrotron emission under the influence of strong accretion and merger shocks. Earlier investigations showed that during structure formation the ICM magnetic field can be substantially magnified.We therefore expect the cluster dynamics to manifest itself in the observable synchrotron emission. Comparison to observations will help us gain better insight into the physics of cluster formation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Simulations of magnetic fields in the cosmos
Authors: Brüggen M. , Hoeft M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe origin of large‐scale magnetic fields in clusters of galaxies remains controversial. The intergalactic magnetic field within filaments should be less polluted by magnetised outflows from active galaxies than magnetic fields in clusters. Therefore, filaments may be a better laboratory to study magnetic field amplification by structure formation than galaxy clusters, which typically host many more active galaxies. We present highly resolved cosmological adaptive mesh refinement simulations of magnetic fields in the cosmos and make predictions about the evolution and structure of magnetic fields in filaments. Comparing our results to observational evidence of magnetic fields in filaments suggests that amplification of seed fields by gravitational collapse is not sufficient to produce intergalactic medium fields. Finally, implications for cosmic ray transport and the impact of magnetic fields on delayed photons from gamma‐ray bursts are discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Particle acceleration in galaxy clusters via MHD turbulence
Authors: Brunetti G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractSynchrotron emission extended on Mpc scales is detected in a number of massive galaxy clusters. The hot ICM becomes a collisionless–turbulent plasma on scales below 10–50 kpc and thus turbulence may accelerate the relativistic particles radiating in these sources. In this paper the injection, cascading and dissipation of hydro and MHD turbulence in galaxy clusters are briefly discussed. We also discuss the two most relevant mechanisms for stochastic particle acceleration produced by MHD turbulence in galaxy clusters, namely Alfvénic acceleration and Transit Time Damping acceleration from fast modes. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Gamma ray signatures of ultra high energy cosmic ray accelerators
Authors: Gabici S. , Aharonian F. A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe discuss the possibility of observing distant accelerators of ultra high energy cosmic rays in synchrotron gamma rays. Protons propagating away from their acceleration sites produce extremely energetic electrons during photo‐pion interactions with cosmic microwave background photons. If the accelerator is embedded in a magnetized region, these electrons will emit high energy synchrotron radiation. The resulting synchrotron source is expected to be point‐like, steady and detectable in the GeV‐TeV energy range if the magnetic field is at the nanoGauss level. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Italian SKA test bed based on cylindrical antennas
Authors: Montebugnoli S. , Bianchi G. , Bortolotti C. , Cattani A. , Cremonini A. , Maccaferri A. , Perini F. , Roma M. , Roda J. , Zacchiroli P. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA re‐engineering of part of the Northern Cross radiotelescope for concepts verifications and technology developments for a next generation radiotelescope (SKA, Square Kilometre Array) is here described. Such a re‐instrumentation could produce a SKA demonstrator at a low cost and it might be ready to operate late 2007. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism – conference concluding remarks
Authors: Longair M. S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis is a summary of some of the topics discussed at the Bologna meeting on the origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism. There remain major problems in understanding the origin of magnetic fields in the cosmos, but there are encouraging signs that many of these can be addressed by advances in theory, in computation and with new observational approaches to the study of cosmic magnetic fields. In particular, there are prospects of being able to make major observational advances with the Square Kilometre Array. These in turn will stimulate the development of astrophysical theory and computation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Randomized clinical trial of liver resection with and without hepatic pedicle clamping
Authors: Capussotti L , Muratore A , Ferrero A , Massucco P , Ribero D , Polastri R 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background
The purpose of this study was to compare the perioperative outcome of liver resection with and without intermittent hepatic pedicle clamping.

Methods
Between June 2002 and June 2004, 126 consecutive patients with resectable liver tumours were randomized to undergo resection with (63 patients) or without (63 patients) intermittent hepatic pedicle clamping.

Results
The transection time was significantly higher in the group without hepatic pedicle clamping. The blood loss per cm2 was similar in the two groups: 2·7 ml/cm2 in the group with versus 3·2 ml/cm2 in group without hepatic pedicle clamping (P = 0·425). In the subset of patients with an abnormal liver, there were no differences in blood loss per transection surface: 3·1 ml/cm2 in the group with versus 2·9 ml/cm2 in the group without clamping (P = 0·829). The rate of blood transfusions was not higher in the non-clamping group. No differences were observed in the postoperative liver enzyme serum levels, the in-hospital mortality (one patient in each group) or the number of complications.

Conclusion
This study showed clearly that liver resection without hepatic pedicle clamping is safe, even in patients with a diseased liver.