bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biogenesis of Histamine Studied by Its Distribution and Urinary Excretion in Germ Free Reared and Not Germ Free Rats Fed a Histamine Free Diet.
Authors: GUSTAFSSON B. , KAHLSON G. , ROSENGREN ELSA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The distribution and content of histamine in the whole animal and the urinary excretion of histamine has been investigated in germ free reared and not germ free rats of both sexes, all fed a histamine free diet.2. The distribution and total content of histamine appears to be the same in germ free and not germ free rats.3. In male rats the daily excretion of total histamine is about equal in germ free and not germ free rats, 9–23 μg/24 hr in the former group, 6–17 in the latter. In germ free male rats a large proportion of the total histamine is in the conjugated form in the not germ free almost all the histamine is conjugated.4. Female germ free rats excrete both free and conjugated histamine, whereas not germ free females excrete histamine almost exclusively in the free form.5. Evidence is presented that the conjugate in the urine of a germ free female may be acetylhistamine.6. The consequences of the present observations for further studies of the metabolism and release of endogenous histamine is discussed.
Pronounced Hypothermia Elicited by Prolonged Stimulation of the “Heat Loss Centre” in Unanaesthetized Goats.
Authors: ANDERSSON B. , PERSSON N. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Polypnea, peripheral vasodilatation and inhibition of shivering were maintained for long periods by continuous electrical stimulation of the preoptic “heat loss centre” in unanaesthetized goats kept in an environmental temperature of — 6 to — 7° C. In this way the rectal temperature of one goat was lowered as far as to 29.5° C. This pronounced hypothermia was accompanied by drowsiness, hyperglycaemia and a reduced blood flow in accessible veins.
Cholinesterase Content of Certain Regions of the Spinal Cord as Judged by Histochemical and Cartesian Diver Technique
Authors: GIACOBINI E. , HOLMSTEDT B. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The cholinesterase content of neurones belonging to the antero‐lateral group of the anterior horn of the spinal cord of rat has been investigated histochemically by means of a modified thiocholine method and microchemically by means of a Cartesian diver technique.Biochemical controls with the inhibitor (Mipafox) run in solutions similar to those used histochemically have been made.2. When rat brain homogenate was used as source of enzyme, with Mipafox (4 × 10‐6 M) as inhibitor, and ace'ylthiocholine as substrate (0.004 M), the inhibition curve fits between those of AcChE (electric tissue) and BuChE (Cohn's serum fraction).3. A histochemical survey of a section of the cervical cord shows that only anterior and lateral horns are stained. The large motor neurones are heavily stained and the product of the histochemical reaction is clearly visible along the neurites. The difference in staining intensity among various cells is not sufficiently marked to allow a quantitative appreciation of cholinesterase activity.4. By measuring the cholinesterase activity of single neurones by means of the Cartesian diver technique two significantly different groups of cells can be demonstrated. In one group the total enzyme activity per cell is approximately 4 times higher than in the other. All the cells investigated have a measurable cholinesterase activity. Experiments with a selective inhibitor demonstrated that the enzyme present in these cells is acetylcholinesterase.5. The results are discussed in the light of what is known about the morphology and physiology of the motor cell groups of the spinal cord.
Unsaturated Fatty Acid Composition of Subcutaneous Fat and Liver Fat in Bats in Relation to Dietary Fat
Authors: DAM HENRIK , ENGEL P. FREDERIK 
Published: December 2008

Summary.When newly weaned female rats were given (through a period of 183 days) a fat‐free basal diet supplemented with 0, 38, 89, 178, and 444 mg peanut oil per day (corresponding to 0, 8, 19, 39, and 97 mg linoleic acid) the following changes were observed:1. The amount of dienoic acid as percentage of the fat in the fat tissue declined sharply with time during the first 40 days and then levelled off at values nearly proportional to the daily dose of peanut oil.2. In the liver the following results were obtained at the end of the feeding period:Expressed as mg per g liver, the amount of dienoic acid was not influenced by the peanut oil supplement.Trienoic declined with increasing doses of peanut oil. A value almost equal to 0 was obtained with the largest dose of peanut oil fed.Tetraenoic increased with increasing doses of peanut oil, following a curve which levelled off when the dose of peanut oil was near the maximal dose given.The sum of trienoic and tetraenoic was not influenced by the amount of peanut oil fed; this phenomenon is discussed in relation to the origin of the trienoic acid of fat‐deficiency.Scaly tail developed in the beginning of the feeding period with all doses of peanut oil. This sign declined after 50—90 days and was absent after 140 days of feeding, except when no peanut oil or the lowest dose (38 mg) was given.
Cortical Blood Flow Related to EEG Patterns Evoked by Stimulation of the Brain Stem
Authors: INGVAR DAVID H. , SÖDERBERG ULF 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The cortical blood flow was recorded in lightly anesthetized or unanesthetized (encéphale isolé) cat preparations in which different EEG effects were elicited by electrical stimulation of the brain stem.2. The regular EEG ‘arousal reaction’ (‘cortical activation’) was followed by a marked increase of the cortical blood flow which was due to a reduction of the cortical vascular resistance (Ingvar 1955b, Ingvar and Söderberg 1956b).3. From this was distinguished another type of EEG response, the ‘flattening reaction’, characterized by reduction of amplitude with only occasional slow waves, differing significantly from the other by the fact that no cortical vasomotor changes were found to accompany it. Respiratory and systemic circulatory changes, as well as effects upon the muscle tone concomitant to the brain stem stimulation were not related to this response. It also seems unlikely that local vasoconstrictions could explain it. For these reasons it is set off as a specific reaction.4. It was confirmed that ‘sleep spindles’ could be elicited by electrical stimulation of the brain stem. No cortical vasomotor changes could be recorded during such responses. Physiological sleep was not studied.5. A fourth type of response was characterized by generalized high voltage slow waves. It often occurred during systemic circulatory failure and possibly had some relation to a defective cortical circulatory homeostasis and to the development of brain edema, seen in such cases.
Some Characteristics of the Renal Tubular Transport Mechanism for Histamine in the Hen
Authors: LINDAHL K. M. , SPERBER I. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The pH of the urine appears to have no influence upon the tubular excretion of histamine.2. Tm for histamine is shown to be comparatively high.3. The excretion of histamine is not influenced by brom cresol green.4. The excretion of histamine is depressed by priscoline and, at east partly, by cyanine.
Glycolysis and Respiration in Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells.
Authors: KVAMME ELLING 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. When glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells was limited by different concentrations of either IAA, phosphate or glucose, no direct correlation was revealed between the Crabtree effect and the glycolytic rate, or the concentrations of hexosephosphates and acid labile phosphate esters which accumulated during aerobic glycolysis.2. In DNP inhibited cells, incubated with 0—20 μmoles of inorganic phosphate per ml, a competition existed between glycolysis and respiration for the inorganic phosphate. In the presence of DNP, excess phosphate in the medium completely abolished the Crabtree effect.3. Evidence has been presented showing that the rate of glucose uptake in the ascites cells is determined by the inorganic phosphate in the medium taken up through the glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase reaction. This is explained by assuming that glycolytically generated ATP determines the rate of the hexokinase reaction.
Glycolysis and Respiration in Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells. III. Relation to the Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle
Authors: KVAMME ELLING 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. In Ehrlich ascites tumour cells partially blocked with malonate, the accumulation of citrate and alpha ketoglutarate was raised during aerobic glycolysis upon the addition of fumarate and citrate respectively.2. Fumarate, in contrast to citrate or alpha ketoglutarate, counteracted the Crabtree effect in cells partially blocked with malonate, in both the presence and absence of DNP. After a lag time succinate counteracted the Crabtree effect in trans‐aconitate blocked cells. The data suggest that during aerobic glycolysis respiration is limited by substrate phosphorylation(s) in the alpha ketoglutarate — succinate reaction.
Glycolysis and Respiration in Ehrlich Ascites Tumour Cells
Authors: KVAMME ELLING 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The aerobic inhibition of glucose utilization i. e. the Pasteur effect in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells decreased when the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium and the level of intracellular inorganic phosphate increased. It was accompanied by a rise in acid soluble phosphate esters. A higher aerobic than anaerobic glucose uptake was observed in IAA inhibited cells, or by incubation in a strong phosphate buffer (negative Pasteur effect).2. In ascites tumour cells, partially blocked with malonate, fumarate in contrast to citrate, stimulated oxygen uptake and inhibited glycolysis (the malonate Pasteur effect). This effect also decreased when the concentration of inorganic phosphate in the medium and the level of intracellular, inorganic phosphate increased. It was inhibited by DNP and anaerobiosis.3. In glycolyzing cells, blocked with malonate, fumarate further enhanced the acid labile phosphate and ATP, in spite of the accompanying rise in oxygen uptake. Thus the Crabtree effect could not be explained by lack of total cellular inorganic phosphate or phosphate acceptors.4. The Pasteur and Crabtree effects in Ehrlich ascites tumour cells are explained by the preferential channeling of limited a‐mounts of cellular inorganic phosphate which is to some extent carried by adenine nucleotides into certain reactions at the expense of others.
The Effect of Stimulation of Autonomic Areas in the Cerebral Cortex upon the Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Secretion from the Adrenal Gland in the Cat
Authors: EULER U. S. v. , FOLKOW BJÖRN 
Published: December 2008

Summary.On stimulation of autonomic areas of the cerebral cortex selective changes in the adrenaline secretion from the adrenal medulla can be obtained. Most consistently an inhibition of the adrenaline secretion is obtained on stimulation of structures in ventral parts of the cerebral cortex, while the noradrenaline secretion is only little affected.
Adenosinephosphates and Inorganic Phosphate in the Adrenaline and Noradrenaline Containing Granules of the Adrenal Medulla
Authors: HILLARP NILS‐ÅKE 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The catechol amine containing granules of the cow adrenal medulla have been isolated as a fraction of high purity by density gradient centrifugation. They have a very high content of amines (34.3 μmoles/mg protein‐N) and ATP (7.6 μmoles). Smaller amounts of ADP (0.89 μmoles), AMP (0.27 μmoles) and inorganic phosphate (1.45 μmoles) are also present. The adenosinephosphates represent at least 95 per cent of the acid soluble organic phosphates in the granules.2. The molar ratio amines: ATP is 4.5: 1 or 3.9: 1, if the ADP and AMP in the granules are assumed to be split products from ATP. The sum of adenosinephosphates and inorganic phosphate represents an amount of acid equivalent to the catechol amines. This suggests that the amines are stored in intimate relation to the phosphates.3. The osmotic properties of the granules and the amine content found in them make it necessary to assume that the amines are incorporated, together with the adenosinephosphates, in a complex molecular structure which prevents them from forming free ions or molecules in the intragranular water. The presence of large amounts of water soluble proteins (77—78 per cent of the total proteins) within the granules suggests that these proteins are a component in the postulated structure.
The Localization of the Thalamic Relay in the Specific Sensory Path from the Tongue of the Cat
Authors: APPELBERG E. , LANDGREN S. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.1. The thalamic relay nucleus in the specific sensory path from the tongue was localized in the medial part of nucleus ventralis posteromedialis of the cat.2. The center of the nucleus was found within a region defined by the following Horsley‐Clarke coordinates: frontally, 9 to 10, laterally, 4 to 5 and dorso‐ventrally, 0 to 1.3. The focal potential evoked by electrical stimulation of the tongue was recorded with microelectrodes in 0.25 mm steps along tracks through the thalamus of encéphale isolé preparations. The potential was evoked within a well localized region not exceeding 2 mm in diameter. The overlap with the nearby region of nucleus ventralis posteromedialis containing the tactile face relays was of the order of 0.2 mm.4. Responses to tactile, thermal and gustatory stimulation of the tongue were observed within the thalamic relay nucleus.
Oxygen Consumption in Relation to Temperature in Some Poikilotherms
Authors: VALEN EVA 
Published: December 2008

Summary.Oxygen consumption at graded temperatures was measured for crayfish, frog, newt and earthworm. In contrast to recent claims, these animals showed the normal metabolic response to rising temperature, with a Q10 value of 2—3.So far the evidence for diurnal or other short term temperature compensation is at best poorly reproducible and the phenomenon can hardly be accepted as well established.
Acid Soluble Mononucleotides in Rat Diaphragm During Incubation.
Authors: ALERTSEN AA. RYE , WALAAS O. , WALAAS E. 
Published: December 2008

Summary.

The content of acid soluble mononucleotides in the rat diaphragm has been determined during incubation under aerobic and anaerobic conditions and after addition of 2,4‐dinitrophenol. The diaphragms were incubated in Krebs Ringer phosphate medium, pH 7.4 and 37°C, and the mononucleotides determined in PCA extracts of the diaphragms subjected to chromatography on Dowex‐1 anion exchange resin.
Eleven different nucleotide components were obtained from rat diaphragm. The bulk was composed of adenine nucleotides, ATP representing 50 per cent of the total content. Small amounts of GTP and UTP were present. Two complexes of ADP have been detected but not fully identified. Incorporation of P32 from radioactive inorganic phosphate into these two last mentioned compounds was small after 30 minutes incubation.
By aerobic incubation for 30 minutes the level of ATP was decreased to slightly below‐ the level initially present. Addition of insulin or adrenalin in vitro had no effect on the content of ATP in the diaphragm during incubation.
In anaerobiosis or by addition of NaCN or 2,4‐DNP to the medium, ATP in rat diaphragm was rapidly‐ broken down. After incubation for 30 minutes the content of ATP was decreased to a level of 10 per cent of the amount initially present. Simultaneously, formation of IMP and inosine occurred in amounts corresponding to the breakdown of ATP. A great deal of inosine was liberated into the medium during incubation. The inivestigations suggest that during incubation of rat diaphragm ATP is broken down by the subsequent action of ATPase. myokinase, 5'adenylic acid deaminase and 5'nucleotidase.
Über den Zusammenhang der von voluntgäer Muskelaktion erbrachten Bewegungsgrösse und der elektrischen Aktivität des Muskels.
Authors: BERGSTRÖM. R. M. 
Published: December 2008

Zusammenfassung.Der Zusammenhang zwischen dem bei voluntärer Aktion eines Muskels erbrachten Kraftimpuls und der integrierten, elektrischen Aktivität im Elektromyogramm wurde untersucht. Die Versuchs‐ergebnisse zeigen, dass bei der nicht‐isometrischen Zeigefingerab‐duktion die integrierte, elektrische EMG‐Aktivität bei stärkeren Aktionen relativ schneller zuwachst als bei schwächeren.Summary.The relation between the mechanical impulse produced by a muscle in voluntary action and the integrated electric. activity in the electromyogram was investigated. The experimental results indicated that in non‐isometric abduction of the forefinger the integrated electric activity increased relatively more rapidly in connection with stronger than weaker actions.
A Method for the Fluorimetric Determination of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline in Tissues.1
Authors: BERTLER ÅKE , CARLSSON ARVID , ROSENGREN. EVALD 
Published: December 2008

Summary.A method for chemical assay of small amounts of adrenaline and noradrenaline in tissues is described. The catechol amines are extracted with perchloric acid. The extracts are passed through a cation exchange column (Dowex 50) which takes up the catechol amines. Elution of the amines from the column is performed by hydrochloric acid. Estimation of the two amines in the eluates is made fluorimetrically after oxidation and rearrangement in alkali. Differentiation between adrenaline and noradrenaline is performed by utilizing the difference in the activation spectra of the fluoro‐phores.
Influence of Asphyxia on Membrane Potential Level and Action Potentials of Spinal Moto‐ and Interneurons
Authors: KOLMODIN G. M. , SKOGLUND C. R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractKolmodin, G. M. and C. R. Skoglund. Influence of asphyxia on membrane potential level and action potentials of spinal moto‐ and interneurons. Acta physiol. scand. 1959. 45. 1–18. — Asphyxial changes in spinal moto‐ and interneurons of decapitate cats were studied by means of intracellular microelectrodes. In both types of neurons the first change in membrane potential was usually observed after about 30 sec in the form of a depolarization of 5–10 mV which after some 30 sec was followed by a phase of more rapidly developing depolarization of larger amplitude; during recovery a phase of increased polarization may be observed. Interneurons showed signs of being more resistant to asphyxia than moto‐neurons. The spib potential underwent a. successive diminution in amplitude, at first owing to the decrease in membrane potential value, later also due to a change in spike peak level. During the later stage of asphyxia a decrease of both the rate of rise of the ascending and the rate of decay of the descending spike phases could be demonstrated. Rhythmical interneuron discharges showed periods of increased and decreased frequency before final blocking.
The Relation between the Number of Impulses and the Integrated Electric Activity in Electromyogrsm
Authors: BERGSTRÖM R. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.In order to evaluate electrical parameters of gross response electro‐myograms, the interrelationship between the integrated electric activity and the number of motor impulses of the myograms obtained from human forefinger abductor muscle in voluntary, non‐isometric contractions was studied. The integrated activity was determined by planimetry. The number of motor impulses were counted irrespective of location and size. The relationship between the integrated activity and the number of motor impulses was found to be linear in contraotions up to a spike frequency of 500 cps. It was concluded that, as far as small muscles are concerned, counting of the motor impulses in the electromyogram, recorded with non‐selective electrodes, can be used in estimating the electric activity of the whole muscle.
Observations on the Effects of Infusion of Prostnglnndin E in Man
Authors: BERGBTRÖM S. , DTJNGR H. , EULER U. S. V. , PERNOW B. , SJÖVALL J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.Chemically pure prostaglandin E was infused in doses of 0.2–4.7 μglkglrnin in two healthy male subjects over periods of 4–10 min. Tachycardia, reddening of the faoe, headache and an oppressive feeling in the chest were noted. Systemic arterial blood pressure and cardiac output fell moderately.
Salivary Secretion in Man Elicited by Means of Stimulation of the Chorda Tympani
Authors: DIAMANT H. , ENFORS B. , HOLMSTEDT B. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.During some operations on the ear in man the chorda tympani is exposed and become accessible to experiment. Electrical stimulation caused secretion of saliva, with maximal response at 10 impulses per sec and 2–3 V. iltropine abolished the response. Intravenous infusion of acetyl‐,6–methylcholine iodide some days after cutting the chorda tympani on onr side caused bilateral secretion of saliva while the response to lemon juice on the tongue was greatly reduced on the operated side.
Excretion and Nature of Bile Acids Formed from Cholic Acid‐24‐14C and Deoxycholic Acid‐24‐14C in Bile Duct Ligated Rats
Authors: NORXAN ARNE , SAMUELSSON BENUT 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.Cholic acid‐24–14C and deoxycholic acid‐24–14C have been given intraperito‐neally to rats at different times after ligation of the common bile duct. Chromatographic separations of the labelled urinary products show the appearence of free bile acids, the amount increasing with the duration of obstruction. Deoxycholic acid is almost completely 7–α‐hydroxylated even after longstanding obstruction when the conjugation power has been reduced.
Nucleotides in the Catechol Amine Granules of the Adrenal Medulla
Authors: HILLARP N.‐A. , THIEME G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.The work was carried out to determine whether the catechol amines in the adrenal medulla from birds and mammals are stored together with adenosinephosphates in the same way as previously found in the cow. The aniine granules of the adrerial medulla from fowl, goose, cat and goat were isolated by means of density gradient centrifugation. As in the cow no nucleotides other than adenosinephosphates were found (ion exchange and paper chromatography, high voltage paper electrophoresis). No purine or pyrimidine bases or nucleotides were demonstrable. In all animals examined ATP was predominant, but ADP and AMP were always present. The relative proportions of the three phosphates varied rather markedly, however. In spite of this, amines and adenosinephosphatefi were regularly present in practically equivalent amounts.
Relaxation of Glycerol‐extracted Muscle Fibre Bundles Induced by Zinc in the Presence of ATP and Other Polyphosphates.
Authors: EDMAN K. A. PAUL 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.A survey of factors affecting the relaxing effects of zinc on glycerol‐extracted psoas fibre bundles has been made with isometric recording technique. No relaxation is obtained with zinc alone. In the presence of 0.05–0.4 mM adenosinetriphosphate (ATP) and 1 mM magnesium complete relaxation of a contracted fibre bundle is obtained with 0.1–0.4 mM zinc. The relaxing effect decreases at high ATP concentrations, probably due to a decrease in the free zinc ion concentration in the bath caused by complex formation between zinc and ATP. The ATPase activity of the fibre bundles is abolished during relaxation with 0.1 mM zinc + 1 mM magnesium + 0.2 mM ATP. Magnesium and zinc have mutually antagonistic effects on contractility, but the relaxing effect of zinc is probably not due to a simple competition with magnesium. Calcium (10 mM) increases the rate of relaxation induced by zinc + ATP. Relaxation can be induced by 0.2 mM zinc in the presence of 1 mM mranesium and 0.4 mM inosinetriphate(ITP) or uridinetrophosphate instead of ATP. The visco‐elastic effects of zinc + ITP are much more pronounced than those of zinc + ATP in quimolar bath concentrations. Zinc does not modify the relaxing effect of inorganic pyrophosphate and tripoly‐phosphate, not the effect of adenosinediphosphate.