bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Real‐world use of cenobamate in adults: Efficacy and predictors of treatment response
Authors: Loushy Itai , Goldstein Lilach , Devlin Kathryn , Volski Anna , Fletman Elizabeth , Alcala‐Zermeno Juan Luis , Porreca Louis , Sperling Michael R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveThis study assesses the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of cenobamate using long‐term real‐world data, incorporating both seizure reduction and seizure‐freedom periods, and examines baseline clinical variables to determine predictors of response.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed all patients prescribed cenobamate from May 2020 to July 2021. The primary outcome was 12‐month seizure frequency reduction for each seizure type, stratified by baseline seizure frequency (higher vs lower frequency: ≥2 seizures vs <2 seizures in the preceding 3 months). Logistic regression identified seizure response predictors. We assessed longest seizure‐free periods, considering seizure type and baseline frequency, further differentiating the higher‐frequency group into weekly and monthly subgroups. We examined retention, safety, and tolerability.ResultsOf 182 patients taking cenobamate, 170 had focal epilepsy. Among those 170, the 12‐month retention rate was 82.4%, decreasing to 75% at last follow‐up. In patients with higher‐frequency baseline seizures, ≥50% seizure reduction rates were 47% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 38%–57%) for focal impaired awareness seizures (FIAS) and 58% (95% CI = 43%–71%) for focal to bilateral tonic–clonic seizures (FBTCS). In patients with lower‐frequency seizures, rates were 53% for FIAS (95% CI = 31%–74%) and 68% (95% CI = 49%–82%) for FBTCS. Factors linked to 100% seizure reduction were lower baseline seizure frequency, fewer failed medications, and concomitant clobazam use. Most patients achieving seizure freedom did so at 200 mg/day, although higher doses also showed efficacy, particularly for FBTCS. Among patients with seizures affecting awareness, 7%–43% had ≥12 months of freedom from such seizures. Among patients with FBTCS, 17%–56% had ≥12 months of freedom from FBTCS. Patients with higher‐frequency baseline seizures had lower rates of seizure freedom. Adverse effects were reported by 52%, with drowsiness being most common (32%). One patient developed depression necessitating hospitalization.SignificanceCenobamate is an efficacious drug. Baseline clinical features of seizure type, lower frequency, fewer failed medications, and clobazam use are associated with treatment response and can inform decisions of trialing cenobamate before considering epilepsy surgery.
One‐hertz low‐frequency stimulation of anterior substantia nigra pars reticulata attenuates seizure via biased disinhibitory circuits
Authors: Jiang Dongxiao , Yang Lin , Yu Lilong , Zhang Mengdi , Zhou Yuan , Wang Yi , Ruan Yeping , Fei Fan , Chen Zhong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveLow‐frequency stimulation (LFS) targeting key seizure nodes holds promising potential for the treatment of epilepsy. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) plays an important role in seizure control yet has structural heterogeneity. This study aims to explore the therapeutic potential of LFS across different subregions of the SNr.MethodsDifferent types of seizure models, including kainic acid‐induced hippocampal and neocortical seizure models and a pentetrazol‐induced seizure model, were used to address the therapeutic potential of LFS in different subregions of SNr. Fiber photometry, specific cell ablation, and viral tracing were used to measure the release of different neurotransmitters and heterogeneous circuit organizations of subregions of SNr.ResultsWe found that 1‐Hz LFS in the anterior SNr (a‐SNr), but not in the posterior SNr (p‐SNr), generally alleviated seizure severity in all three mouse seizure models. Notably, the antiseizure effects were frequency‐dependent, with 100‐Hz high‐frequency stimulation being less effective and 20‐Hz stimulation having hardly any impact. Regarding the mechanism of the discrepancy, fiber photometry showed that 1‐Hz, rather than 20‐ or 100‐Hz, stimulation in the a‐SNr significantly increased γ‐aminobutyric acid release from exogenous inputs compared with stimulation in the p‐SNr, which was further supported by their biased brain‐wide disinhibitory inputs.SignificanceThese results demonstrate that 1‐Hz LFS in the a‐SNr may be of therapeutic significance in various types of seizures, highlighting the necessity to precisely target the a‐SNr at low frequency for seizure treatment.
Implementing intraoperative high‐density electrocorticography during epilepsy surgery
Authors: Schaft Eline V. , Sun Dongqing , Hoogteijling Sem , Wang Ziyi , Leijten Frans S. S. , van Eijsden Pieter , Ramsey Nick F. , Robe Pierre , van 't Klooster Maryse A. , Zijlmans Maeike ,   the RESPect Database Group
Published: February 2025

AbstractObjectiveIn intraoperative electrocorticography (ioECoG)–tailored epilepsy surgery, standard low‐density (LD) electrode grids (16–20 electrodes, 10 mm inter‐electrode distance) are used, covering ±20 cm2 of cortex. High‐density (HD) grids have shown advantages in basic research. We wanted to evaluate the clinical use of HD grids during epilepsy surgery. We assessed how often HD‐ioECoG might have altered the presurgical hypothesis by recording highly localized epileptic spikes and high‐frequency oscillations (HFOs) and by facilitating spike‐onset localization.MethodsPatients undergoing HD‐ioECoG–tailored epilepsy surgery (64 electrodes, 5 mm inter‐electrode distance; 2048 Hz sampling) were selected from our registry (2021–2023). We assessed clinical reports to evaluate the impact on surgical strategy. Intraoperative decision‐making was guided mainly by interictal spikes. We visually marked spikes and HFOs (ripples 80–250 Hz and fast ripples [FRs] 250–500 Hz) in 1‐min artifact‐free epochs. We assessed number of events, and compared channels covering the resected and non‐resected tissue and surgical outcome with logistic mixed models. We assessed focal events, which occurred in few channels and could be missed on LD grids. We analyzed spike‐onset localization with Granger's causality.ResultsWe included 36 HD grid positions from 20 patients. HD‐ioECoG would have confirmed the original surgical plans in 11 patients and adapted it in 6. We found 41–5485 spikes, 0–2243 ripples (one patient none), and 0–1008 FR (three patients none) per patient. More FRs occurred in channels covering the resected areas than outside (p < .001), particularly in patients who became seizure‐free (p < .001). Of the spikes, ripples, and FRs, 6.1%, 19.5%, and 46.7%, respectively, occurred on one or two channels; 58.3% of the HD spike‐onset locations might be localized differently with standard LD grids.SignificanceHD‐ioECoG can be used clinically for epilepsy surgery guidance. HD‐ioECoG captured increased detail when identifying focal epileptic events, especially FRs, and pinpointing spike onsets, which may be missed with LD‐ioECoG.
Kites Rise Against the Wind: 20 Years of Research
Authors: MCDOUGALD LEAH , SHAW MACKENZIE 
Published: February 2025

PechaKucha Presentation AbstractAcross two decades, our journey as research practitioners has been undeniably dynamic, defined by moments of recognition and rejection. As we reflect on the evolution of our industry amidst shifting social landscapes, corporate upheavals, and evolving economic demands, it's crucial to reexamine our collective role. Finding harmony within our journey, this narrative portrays how, like the flight of a kite, we remain steadfast against the gusts of change, anchored by our unyielding commitment to enhancing lived experiences through design and innovation.
Non‐Lethally Produced Chemical Risk Cues Elicit Antipredator Responses in a Common Canadian Minnow
Authors: Groves Veronica , Brabant Christophe , Boys Madeline , Chapman Lauren J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPredation risk exerts significant pressure on the survival of prey species and has many indirect impacts on their habitat use, energy allocation, and community dynamics. Prey must consistently assess their surroundings by using multiple information sources to monitor predation risk and respond accordingly. In aquatic environments, chemical signals (i.e., alarm cues, disturbance cues, and predator odors) play a crucial role in informing prey of predation risk. Here, we systematically assess the impact of two non‐lethal cues, disturbance cue and predator odor, on four aspects of prey fish behavior using the common blackchin shiner (Miniellus heterodon), a possible surrogate species for the Threatened pugnose shiner (Miniellus anogenus). In experiment 1, we found that conspecific disturbance cue elicited an increase in activity relative to the controls. However, there were no changes in area use, shoaling, or shelter use. In experiment 2, we found that predator odor elicited increased shelter use in blackchin shiner, consistent with an antipredator strategy, but no changes in activity, area use, or shoaling. Our two experiments suggest that disturbance cues and predator odors elicit different behavioral responses in blackchin shiner, perhaps since sources of risk information vary in their urgency and reliability. These results aimed to provide the baseline for future work on pugnose shiner, and demonstrate the value of using non‐lethal chemical cues, with standardized methods, to study antipredator behavior in threatened species.
Registered direct offerings and confidentially marketed public offerings
Authors: Huang Rongbing , Qian Hong 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBoth registered direct offerings (RDOs) and confidentially marketed public offerings (CMPOs) sell registered shares and permit confidential marketing before the offering. CMPOs have gained popularity relative to RDOs from 2008 to 2021. We identify two key factors influencing the choice between RDOs and CMPOs. First, issuers with low risk and low information asymmetry prefer CMPOs. Second, CMPOs tend to involve more investment banks and reach more institutional investors than RDOs. There is also some evidence that a regulation requiring shareholder approval for a large private offering might discourage the use of RDOs. On average, both types of equity offerings are followed by low long‐run abnormal returns, but participating investors can potentially earn positive abnormal returns by selling their offered shares early. CMPOs are not followed by lower average returns than RDOs, suggesting that the popularity of CMPOs is not because they allow issuers to more successfully time the market than RDOs. Finally, we provide some evidence that post‐offer stock performance is related to investor type.
Assessment of the Anchovy Stock Using a Beverton–Holt‐Driven Production Model in China Waters of the Bohai and Yellow Seas
Authors: Chen Xu , Barua Suman , Baloch Aidah , Liu Qun 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe classical surplus production model is less explanatory when biomass is low and the catch is high, and also does not explicitly include a stock recruitment process. Nevertheless, a classical Schaefer surplus production function (SF) has been predominantly used for current anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) stock assessments in the Bohai and Yellow Seas in China. The Beverton–Holt‐driven production function (BHDPF) model may mitigate drawbacks of the classical SF model. To assess status of the anchovy stock in the Bohai and Yellow Seas, the SF, BHDPF, and Stock Synthesis 3 (SS3) (an integrated analysis model) were used. The SF suggested a recovered stock, with stable catch, whereas the BHDPF and SS3 models suggested that the stock biomass was the lowest during the study period, thereby necessitating a reduction in catch. BHDPF and SS3 were consistent with one another the SF. Under the BHDPF assumption, increasing and decreasing biomass trends may result in countertrend catches, and high catches at low biomass. The BHDPF may serve as an assessment alternative for fisheries lacking age‐structure data. Abundance index data plays a significant role in the current assessment of the Bohai and Yellow Seas anchovy stock, and more research is needed to improve its accuracy.
Sustainable Irrigation: A Shift From Conventional to Solar Tube‐Wells
Authors: Khan Asim , Ahmed Israr , Khair Syed Mohammad 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis study examines the factors influencing the adoption of solar tube well technology for groundwater extraction in the agriculture sector, focusing on the Balochistan region of Pakistan. Water scarcity is a major challenge in this region due to declining groundwater level and unreliable power supplies. The study uses a binary logit regression model to analyze the factors that determine the adoption of solar tube wells by farmers. The study took into account variables such as age, education level of household head and access to credit, farmers' perception of groundwater depletion, number of hours of tube well operation, and cost of adopting solar technology. The results indicate that education level and experience positively influence farmers' ability to use solar tube wells. Education provides farmers with the knowledge to understand modern farming methods and the benefits of solar technology. In addition, the cost‐effectiveness and increased operating hours of solar tube wells contribute significantly to their adoption. Farmers' concerns about greater groundwater depletion also influenced their decisions, with those seeing groundwater decline more likely to adopt solar technology. The results also suggest that policies that promote access to credit and reduce the initial cost of solar tube well adoption can further encourage farmer's adoption decision.
Recent Long‐Distance‐Dispersal Explains the Range Disjunction of the Old‐Word Cockleburs (Xanthium strumarium)
Authors: Manzo Eleonora , Tomasello Salvatore 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimIn the present study, we focused in addressing questions concerning the biogeographic history of Xanthium strumarium, an Old World native species whose close relatives are generally all native to the American continent.LocationThe species distribution covers the Eurasian continent and some African regions and close islands.MethodsWe employed herbarium material and target enrichment (herbariomics) sequence data of over 700 single copy loci to estimate the divergence times of the species. Ancestral range reconstruction was employed to test different hypotheses on the events that determined the arrival, differentiation and dispersal of the ancestor of X. strumarium in the Old World.ResultsThe crown age of X. strumarium was estimated to be ~156.58 ka. In the phylogenomic analysis, the individuals from the different geographic areas grouped mostly congruently based on their collection origin, the earliest diverging clade comprising samples from India, and then progressively clades including samples from Asia, Europe and Africa. The same pattern was observed in the biogeographic analysis, with a movement of the ancestral ranges going from east to west. The ancestral range of the species was inferred to be the Indian subcontinent.Main ConclusionsBoth the use of herbarium specimens as old as 240 years and the use of modern sequencing techniques clarified the phylogenetic relationships, divergence time and biogeography of Xanthium strumarium. Most probably, the ancestor of the species reached the Old World by way of a trans‐Pacific long‐distance dispersal from the Americas to Southeastern Asia, followed by westward colonisation of the Old World.
A Quality Improvement Initiative to Optimize Follow‐Up in the New England Area for Pediatric Patients With Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Devices
Authors: Schefter Zoe , Knapp William P. , Helou Elsie , Jay Kathleen , Epstein Michael R. , O'Leary Edward , Tam Felicia , Upadhyay Shailendra , Boss Bridget , Giddins Niels , Dionne Audrey , Burke Kerry , Rotondo Kathleen M. , DeWitt Elizabeth S. , Kane David , Tsirka Anna , Mah Douglas Y. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe use of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIEDs) continues to grow. Despite the presence of implanted hardware, patient compliance with in‐clinic visits and remote transmissions is poor. We performed a quality improvement (QI) initiative to assess and optimize CIED follow‐up in the New England area.MethodsA regional network of eight pediatric institutions was created. All patients with CIEDs were identified starting in 2016. Noncompliance was defined as: no in‐person evaluation within 1 year, or no remote transmission within 6 months. Interventions performed included automated texts/emails, certified letters, and personal phone calls.ResultsA total of 612 patients were identified, with the total number of patients increasing over the 5‐year QI period as patients had devices implanted and removed. Initial noncompliance with in‐person annual follow‐up was 29%. If patients were noncompliant, a personal phone call was made, reminding them to return to clinic. If the patient could not be reached for 3 months, a certified letter was sent. The noncompliance rate decreased to 5% over the first year and remained around this level over the QI period (3%–9%). For remote transmissions, 54% of patients were noncompliant. Interventions were performed on subgroups of patients. Automated texts/emails were trialed in 126; after 6 months, 41% of these patients remained noncompliant. Phone calls were then trialed on 87 patients. Over 6 months, noncompliance decreased to 11%.ConclusionsPatients with CIEDs have poor compliance with regular follow‐up. Patients have a limited response to automated measures (texts/emails). Personal phone calls had the greatest impact in improving compliance.
Agroecological Pest Control Through Mulch in Potatoes—Delayed Population Development of Leptinotarsa decemlineata
Authors: Weiler Christiane , Leisch Simeon , Junge Stephan Martin , Finckh Maria Renate 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTLeptinotarsa decemlineata even in organic potatoes, it is often managed using pesticides. Mulching potatoes represents an alternative to reduce egg masses and larvae of L. decemlineata. In three 4‐fold replicated field trials with unmulched control plots (a) in comparison to plots mulched with grass‐clover (b) or triticale‐vetch (c) the effects on L. decemlineata population dynamics were assessed. In 2020 and 2021, larvae and their respective developmental stage of L. decemlineata were recorded twice weekly on 30 marked potato plants per plot. In 2022 assessments took place 3 times during the season on 16 plants per plot. To examine the influence of changed microclimatic conditions due to mulching, temperature loggers were installed 15°cm above the canopy and belowground. The number of larvae of L. decemlineata was significantly reduced by 65%, on average, in the mulched treatments and higher larval stages occurred later and in lower numbers compared to the unmulched plots. In 2022, a second‐generation adults of L. decemlineata occurred whose numbers were significantly reduced by about 90% in the mulched plots. During warm and hot weather, the canopy temperatures in the mulched plots considerably exceeded those of the unmulched plots, often reaching peak temperatures well above the optimum for L. decemlineata development. Mulching leads either to delayed or reduced immigration of adult beetles as well as potentially to slower egg and larval development.
Vaccine Hesitancy Among Family Doctors and Family Health Workers: Prevalence and Associated Factors
Authors: Yucel Mehtap , Aydin Keser Merve 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAimsThe aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of vaccine hesitancy among family doctors and family health workers regarding vaccines included in the childhood vaccination calendar and to identify factors that may be associated with vaccine hesitancy among participants.MethodsA total of 131 people, 76 family doctors and 55 family health workers in Bilecik province and its districts, representing 89.7% of the population, were included in the cross‐sectional study. The study data collection period was 01−31 March 2024. Data were collected online. All participants were asked to complete a socio‐demographic data form, their intention to vaccinate their children for each of the 14 vaccines included in the vaccination calendar in Turkey, and a data collection form asking about variables that may be associated with vaccine hesitancy. Participants were categorised according to their intention to vaccinate their children and grouped into vaccine hesitancy and vaccine acceptance, and statistical analyses were performed between the groups.ResultsIt was found that 19.1% of participants had at least one vaccine hesitancy. The age and years of experience of family doctors and family health workers with vaccine hesitancy were higher than those with vaccine acceptance. In addition, the rate of vaccine ambivalence was significantly higher among these participants who had children (p < 0.05).The belief that children should only be vaccinated against serious diseases is significantly higher among vaccine ambivalent than vaccine accepting respondents (p < 0.05). The belief that vaccines are not one of the safest ways to protect against infectious agents, the belief that vaccines have not become better and more effective through scientific research, and the belief that vaccines do not strengthen the immune system were significantly higher among vaccine ambivalents than among vaccine acceptors (p < 0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, the results of this study indicate that vaccine hesitancy is common among healthcare workers, that vaccine hesitancy is associated with factors such as age, working years, and having children, and that individuals with vaccine hesitancy hold various misconceptions about vaccines.
Effect of a Volunteer‐Staffed Outreach Call Initiative on Video Usage and Attendance for Telehealth Visits in an Urban Primary Care Safety‐Net Setting
Authors: Chen Kevin , Bailey Khera , Nemytov Simon , Morrison Mackenzie , Zhang Christine , Katranji Kenan , Jackson Hannah B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRationaleTelehealth navigation programmes have shown potential to improve video visit usage and attendance. However, their effectiveness in safety‐net healthcare settings remains uncertain.Aims and ObjectivesThis project assessed the impact of a volunteer‐staffed telehealth navigation programme on video visit usage and attendance at an urban safety‐net primary care clinic.MethodsVolunteers conducted outreach calls to patients with upcoming telehealth appointments to help them prepare for their visits. Outcomes, including video usage (video vs. audio‐only visits) and no‐show rates, were compared between patients who received outreach and those who did not.ResultsAnalysis revealed no significant differences in video usage (14.1% for outreach vs. 14.0% for non‐outreach) or no‐show rates (22.5% for outreach vs. 22.0% for non‐outreach). The study included 881 patients who received outreach and 2728 patients who did not.ConclusionPatients unresponsive to outreach had lower portal activation rates and higher non‐attendance, suggesting the presence of distinct engagement subgroups within the population. While volunteer‐staffed programmes may provide a practical method to reach patients, telephone outreach alone was insufficient to improve video visit usage or attendance rates. Further research is needed to explore alternative or complementary strategies to enhance telehealth engagement in safety‐net settings.