bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paediatric home care—a flexible approach to the family centred care of children with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Mair E J 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThere is no standard approach to caring for children with diabetes mellitus. For physical and psychological well‐being the care provided must meet the needs of the individual. This essay concentrates on the stresses associated with diabetes mellitus, and the psychological care and support needed, rather than clinical management. The factors which affect attitudes to illness, and specifically to diabetes mellitus, are outlined. It is suggested that a major part of the care of children should be based in the home. The need for hospital outpatient visits can be markedly reduced if the standard of home based care is of a high level, and liaison with hospital specialists continuous. Children and their families often find hospital clinics time consuming, difficult, stressful and of limited use. The care giver must meet the needs of the child and family, so the approach must be flexible. As well as having sound clinical knowledge, the carers need experience in counselling and methods of support. The team should be multidisciplinary, with a key worker for each family.
The memory blood glucose reflectance meter: A useful educational tool for the diabetic adolescent?
Authors: Challener Jill , Ozen Seza , Barnes N D 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe value of computer‐linked “memory” blood glucose reflectance meters in the education and management of diabetic adolescents was assessed in a group cross‐over study.Sixteen diabetic teenagers took part. After explanation of the new meters and instruction in their use, eight (Group A) were given memory meters while the remainder (Group B) continued to record blood glucose results in their logbooks as usual. After six weeks the memory meters were transferred from Group A to Group B. Glycosylated haemoglobin and blood test performance were recorded at the start, at 12 weeks and at 24 weeks. The results were discussed individually with the patients at routine clinic visits. The conclusions were; (1) blood glucose tests were accurately recorded; (2) use of the memory meter was associated with increased test frequency which continued for some weeks after the study; (3) there was a slight but definite improvement in glycaemic control; (4) most important, the computer printouts were of real help in demonstrating to diabetic adolescents the purpose and value of blood glucose monitoring.
Insurance company attitudes to diabetes
Authors: Jones Kay E , Gill G V 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDiabetic patients frequently encounter difficulties when applying for insurance policies, as was demonstrated by a recent patient questionnaire survey from Glasgow (Ref1). The experiences of individual patients are, however, affected by various other factors such as duration of diabetes, treatment, complications and presence of other chronic diseases. We therefore decided to approach the problem differently, and ask insurance companies how they viewed particular diabetic patients when approached for insurance quotations.
An assessment of patients' knowledge of diabetes, its management and complications
Authors: Moran A , Hessett C , Pooley J , Boulton A J M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs part of the evaluation of diabetes services in Central Manchester, 243 patients attending the traditional diabetic clinic at the Manchester Royal Infirmary were randomly selected to complete a knowledge questionnaire. One hundred and sixty patients completed questionnaires giving a response rate of 66%. The mean knowledge score in insulin‐treated patients (n=84) was significantly higher than in non insulin‐treated patients (64% vs 44%: p<0.005). Knowledge of dietary management was generally poor, and half of the patients were unaware of the link between glycaemic control and long‐term complications. It was particularly worrying that 32% of insulin‐treated subjects were unaware that they should continue to take their insulin when ill. It is concluded that overall patient education is poor and there is therefore an urgent need to plan and implement educational programmes for both insulin‐requiring and non‐insulin‐requiring patients.
Do our shoe shops measure up?
Authors: Knowles E A , Lomax G , Jones G , Boulton A J M 
Published: March 2007

AbstractShoe shops in a large urban area were visited in order to assess their suitability to provide footwear for diabetic patients. Questionnaires were completed by the staff of 28 shops who were interviewed by study participants. Although most of those questioned were aware that foot problems may occur in diabetic patients, none had received any information or training on this subject. Most shops sold shoes without measuring feet, and 18% were unable to measure feet even when requested so to do. It is concluded that, as appropriate footwear is essential in the prevention of ulceration, a list of suitable shops should be available in diabetes clinics. It is hoped that the provision of educational sessions for shoe shop personnel will enable a more satisfactory service to be provided in the future.
Comparison of two methods of energy prescription for obese non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics
Authors: Frost G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo groups of 15 known obese non‐insulin‐dependent diabetics were enrolled in a prospective study of weight loss over a 12 week period where energy was prescribed by two different methods. Group A: energy prescribed by a formula to estimate metabolic rate. Group B: energy prescribed by dietitian using a 24 hour dietary recall method.Energy prescribed by the formula was significantly higher than that prescribed by the dietitian (P<0.001). However, energy intake over the period of the study, estimated by three day weighed food intake, was similar in each group. Group A initially over restricted their diet (P<0.05) with a rise to prescribed amount at 12 weeks, whereas, Group B's intake rose after the first four weeks to the level prescribed for Group A, and significantly greater than the original prescription for this group (P<0.05).Both groups lost weight, Group A losing significantly greater amount (P<0.05) despite taking similar amounts of energy. This may be due to Group B underreporting their intake. Diet was prescribed as 55% carbohydrate, 15% protein, 30% fat. However, neither group managed to meet this recommendation, consuming significantly greater amounts of protein than was prescribed. Neither group showed any significant change in fasting blood glucose or fructosamine levels. Energy prescribed by a formula for estimating metabolic rate appears to prescribe energy at a higher level than estimated by a dietitian, which may lead to greater compliance and so improve weight loss.
Hypoglycaemia survey in insulin‐dependent diabetic population at time of change from beef to human insulin
Authors: Duncan C , Campbell I W , McBain A M , Jones I G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA retrospective survey of 367 insulin‐dependent diabetics (IDDMs) showed that the risk of a diabetic experiencing hypoglycaemic coma in any one year during the previous five years was 7%. Of 123 who experienced one or more hypoglycaemic comas in the previous five years, only 35 (28%) experienced warning symptoms and only 97 (79%) were carrying glucose‐containing tablets or sweets at the time. A total of 279 (76%) regularly carried glucose at the time of the interview but only 92 (25%) were aware of glucagon and only 31 (8%) had it readily available.One‐hundred‐and‐twenty IDDMs were converted from beef to human insulins (Eli Lilly & Co Ltd, Basingstoke) with no resultant change in daily insulin requirements nor in glycaemic control as assessed by HbAl measurements. Further assessment of hypoglycaemia was done after a mean of 6.8 months on human insulin. Fifteen (12%) felt reactive symptoms occurred more frequently compared with 70 (58%) who felt they were less common, and 12 (10%) felt they experienced less ‘adrenergic’ warning symptoms. Ten (8%) were treated for hypoglycaemic coma between the time of change from beef to human insulin and follow‐up. Forty‐one (34%) diabetics who changed to human insulins were more satisfied with the new preparation, 72 (60%) felt no difference and seven (6%) were less satisfied.
An evaluation of nurse specialist diabetic clinics
Authors: Mallows Cathy , Nicholas M K , Beable Anne E , Waterfield M R , Baksi A K 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe efficacy and safety of replacing doctors with nurse specialists in the routine care of diabetics was assessed in peripatetic diabetes clinics on the Isle of Wight. During the weekly clinic sessions biochemical control was monitored, and patients were educated about the disease. If a physical examination was required the patients were referred to a consultant clinic. The results of biochemical tests were noted in the patients records and copies were passed onto the doctors and consultants in charge.After one year questionnaires were sent to all general practitioners and patients involved in the study to assess their opinions of the nurse specialist clinics. Random blood sugar levels were similar when the clinics were run by both doctors and nurse specialists. However, glycosylated haemoglobin improved in the Type 1 diabetics controlled by the nurse specialists, and in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetics the numbers of admissions to hospital from hyper‐ or hypoglycaemia decreased.The majority of GPs were in favour of the nurse run diabetes clinics; 68% felt that the nurse specialist clinics were beneficial for their patients. The patients were also in favour of the nurse specialist clincis, 97% said that they were confident in the nurse specialist system; and over half stated that they would prefer to have this kind of diabetes care in the future.
Fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes detected in a British diabetic centre
Authors: Chong M S , Hately W , Hitman G A 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA patient from St Lucia, resident in the UK for 24 years, was found to have fibrocalculous pancreatic diabetes who had been misdiagnosed as insulin‐dependent diabetes. This case emphasises that British diabetologists dealing with migrant communities should be aware of the possibility of types of diabetes in their patients, indigenous to their country of origin.
Proteomics‐based identification of HSP60 as a tumor‐associated antigen in colorectal cancer
Authors: He Yujun , Wu Yuzhang , Mou Zhirong , Li Wanlin , Zou Liyun , Fu Tao , Zhang Anping , Xiang Debing , Xiao Hualiang , Wang Xiangfeng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPatients with cancer frequently develop autoantibodies. The identification of tumor autoantigens may have utility in early cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy. In this study, we used serological proteomics analysis (SERPA) to identify tumor proteins that elicit humoral response in colorectal cancer (CRC). The CRC cell line HCT116 was used as a source of proteins for 2‐DE and subsequent Western blot analysis in which individual serum from patients with CRC was analyzed for autoantibodies. An autoantibody against HSP60 identified by MS was detected in 13 out of 25 patients with CRC and 1 out of 15 healthy subjects. In addition, the HSP60 expressions in tumor tissues collected from 40 patients with CRC were assessed by immunohistochemistry, and serum specimens from 100 patients with cancer and 30 healthy controls were screened for antibody titer to HSP60 by ELISA. The results showed that expressions of HSP60 in tumor tissue and serum antibody titer to HSP60 were significantly higher in patients with CRC than in healthy subjects. Thus, we conclude that the SERPA is an excellent assay for the identification of tumor‐associated antigens and tumor markers. The detection of HSP60 may have clinical utility in CRC screening, diagnosis, and immunotherapy.
Optical and electron paramagnetic resonance studies on radiation defects in Mn‐activated RbCdF3
Authors: Henke B. , Rogulis U. , Schweizer S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe photoluminescence of Mn‐activated RbCdF3 shows a Mn2+ emission band at 560 nm; the corresponding excitation bands are between 240 and 520 nm. After X‐irradiation an increased Mn2+ emission can be observed and the excitation spectrum shows an additional broad intense band at 300 nm. Upon excitation at 300 nm the intensity of the Mn2+ emission decreases, whereas excitation at 240 nm leads to an increase in the PL intensity. Electron paramagnetic resonance shows that the number of Mn2+ ions is reduced upon X‐irradiation; the original Mn2+ level can be restored upon optical bleaching. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mesoscopic ordering in the 0.9 Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐0.1 PbTiO3relaxor ferroelectric: a HRTEM study
Authors: Nistor L. C. , Ghica C. , Van Tendeloo G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a microstructural and compositional study of a 90% Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3‐ 10% PbTiO3ceramic sample. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) revealed the presence of compositional ordered nano‐domains (1–4 nm), observable in two specific orientations, [0$ \bar 1 $1] and [11$ \bar 2 $]. However, the visibility and the ordering degree of the nano‐domains on the HRTEM images are not at all obvious. Fourier filtering of the images clearly revealed the ordered domains. Antiphase boundaries lying in the (111) planes separate them, while (100) and (111) facets separate the ordered domains from the disordered matrix. Their shape is plate‐like, not uniformly spread in the disordered matrix. Their average size varies in different regions of the sample, most probably due to a non‐uniform distribution of Ti, as observed by energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic field dependence of triplet state in iridium complex phosphor
Authors: Akimoto Ikuko , Nagao Kazuhiro , Kan'no Ken‐ichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe magnetic field dependence of photo‐luminescent spectrum in tris (2‐phenylpyridine) iridium complex is reported. Upon applying magnetic field from 0 to 6 T, remarkable change of spectral band shape was observed at 4.2 K. Comparing the spectral variation under magnetic field with the time resolved spectra, it is clarified that the luminescence involves distinctive contributions from, at least, two spectral sets of zero‐field‐split triplet sub‐levels, and an additional fast decay component which is presumably associated with the nearly singlet manifold. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and optical properties of hafnium‐doped lithium‐niobate crystals
Authors: Galinetto P. , Rossella F. , Cristiani I. , Minzioni P. , Degiorgio V. , Kokanyan E. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe structural properties of HfO2‐doped Lithium Niobate crystals are investigated by micro‐Raman spectroscopy and discussed in connection with measurements of birefringence variation, observed under green‐light irradiation, in view of a possible utilization of these crystals as low‐photorefractivity crystals for wavelength converters operating at room temperature. Micro‐Raman measurements on crystals with different Hf content ranging from 2 mol% and 11 mol%, allow to prove the good crystalline quality with a structural disorder increasing linearly with increasing Hf content. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Energy transfer processes to Yb2+‐ and Ni2+‐ions in Yb:Y3Al5O12 crystals
Authors: Martynyuk N. , Fagundes‐Peters D. , Petermann K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report the quenching of Yb3+ luminescence observed in Yb:YAG and Ni(0,1%):YbAG crystals. Yb2+‐ions and impurity ions of nickel coming from the crucible during crystal growth were determined as efficient quenching centers in Yb:YAG crystals grown by the Czochralski‐method. As an indicator of the quenching process we measured the fluorescence lifetime of the investigated crystals and its dependence on the excitation power. The theoretical models for the energy transfer processes to Yb2+‐ and Ni2+‐ions are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of the Thallium(I) Iodobismuthates(III) Tl7Bi3I16 and Tl3BiI6
Authors: Aussieker Thomas , Keller Hans‐Lothar , Oldag Thorsten , Prots Yurii , Ruck Michael , Wosylus Aron 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDark grey (dark red with transmitting light) crystals of heptathallium(I) hexadecaiodo‐tribismuthate(III), Tl7Bi3I16, were obtained by slow cooling of a melt from 800 K to ambient temperature and, with higher crystal quality via solvothermal synthesis in aqueous HI by slowly cooling from 428 to 363 K. The compound is diamagnetic and melts congruently at 630(5) K. X‐ray diffraction on single‐crystals revealed that Tl7Bi3I16 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Cmcm with lattice parameters a = 2473.4(5), b = 1441.9(2), c = 3616.9(7) pm. The crystal structure can be interpreted as a layered intergrowth of fragments from the CsNiCl3 and K5Dy3I12 structure types with isolated [BiI6]3− octahedra and [Bi2I10]4− double octahedra. Rotation and distortion of the complex anions establish coordination numbers (c.n.) between 7 and 9 for the Tl+ cations. Dark red crystals of trithallium(I) hexaiodo‐bismuthate(III), Tl3BiI6, are only accessible via hydrothermal synthesis in aqueous HI and slowly cooling from 428 to 363 K. Thermal analysis reveals a peritectoid decomposition at 540(5) K into the neighboring phases Tl7Bi3I16 and TlI. Tl3BiI6 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c with lattice parameters a = 1352.6(3), b = 899.6(2), c = 1353.8(3) pm, and β = 104.18(3)°. In the crystal structure isolated [BiI6]3− octahedra are arranged according to the motif of a face‐centered pseudo‐cubic packing. Due to the tilted orientation of the [BiI6]3− groups the Tl+ cations have c.n. of 8 and 9. Although the crystal structure of Tl3BiI6 looks like a distorted variant of the elpasolith type, there is no symmetry relation according to a group subgroup formalism.
Outcomes of Hepatic Resection for a Single Large Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Cho Yong Beom , Lee Kuhn Uk , Lee Hae Won , Cho Eung‐Ho , Yang Sung‐Hoon , Cho Jai Young , Yi Nam‐Joon , Suh Kyung‐Suk 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe proper role of surgical resection, given the various treatment modalities available, needs to be further clarified in patients with a single large hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To evaluate the role of surgical resection in this group of patients, we studied the long‐term outcomes of patients that received hepatic resection for a single large (> 5–10 cm in diameter) HCC.MethodsThe clinicopathologic data and long‐term outcomes of 61 patients with a single large HCC (> 5–10 cm in diameter; L group) were compared with those of 169 patients with a single small HCC (≤ 5 cm; S group). Prognostic factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analysis.ResultsOperative mortality rates were low in both groups (0.6% in group S and 1.6% in group L), and the incidence of postoperative hepatic failure was rare even in group L (1.6%). The cumulative 5‐year overall survival rate in group S was 59.0%, whereas in group L it was 52.9% (p = 0.385), and the corresponding cumulative 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were 44.1% and 31.7%, respectively (p = 0.063). Child class B was found to predict poor overall and disease‐free survival by multivariate analysis versus Child class A in both groups. The presence of microvascular invasion was also identified as a significant prognostic factor, but it only affected disease‐free survival in the two groups.ConclusionsSingle large HCCs do not require a large extent of hepatic resection and the associated increased risk of postoperative liver failure. The long‐term survival of patients with a single large HCC is as good as that of patients with a single small HCC. We conclude that hepatic resection is a safe and effective therapy for single large HCCs.
Surgical Outcome of Elderly Patients 75 Years of Age and Older with Thoracic Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Shimada Hideaki , Shiratori Tooru , Okazumi Shinnichi , Matsubara Hisahiro , Shuto Kiyohiko , Akutsu Yasunori , Narushima Kazuo , Nabeya Yoshihiro , Hayashi Hideki , Ochiai Takenori 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcome of esophagectomy in patients 75 years of age and older with thoracic esophageal carcinoma.Patients and MethodsBetween 1980 and 2002, 55 (46%) of 120 patients 75 years of age and older with thoracic esophageal carcinoma underwent an esophagectomy. The risk factors that resulted in decreased survival were analyzed by both univariate and multivariate analyses. Differences in surgical outcome and long‐term survival between the earlier time period (1980–1989) and later time period (1990–2002) were analyzed separately.ResultsOverall resection rate in elderly patients in both periods was similar (44%, earlier period; 46%, later period). Postoperative complications significantly reduced long‐term survival [adjusted hazard ratio for death, 4.05; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.70–9.62; P < 0.01). Surgical blood loss greater than 1,000 ml was less frequently observed in the later period than in the earlier period (19% vs. 54%, P = 0.01). The postoperative morbidity rate was lower in the later than in the earlier period (29% vs. 63%, P = 0.02). Overall 5‐year survival rate was significantly higher in the later period than in the earlier period (57% vs. 18%, P < 0.01).ConclusionsElderly patients who underwent an esophagectomy in the later period appeared to manifest less neoadjuvant treatment, less surgical stress, fewer postoperative complications, and a better long‐term survival than those treated in the earlier period.
Demyelinating diseases and potential repair strategies
Authors: Radtke C. , Spies M. , Sasaki M. , Vogt P.M. , Kocsis J.D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDemyelination is associated with a number of neurological disorders including multiple sclerosis (MS), spinal cord injury and nerve compression. MS lesions often show axon loss and therefore reparative therapeutic goals include remyelination and neuroprotection of vulnerable axons. Experimental cellular transplantation has proven successful in a number of demyelination and injury models to remyelinate and improve functional outcome. Here we discuss the remyelination and neuroprotective potential of several myelin‐forming cells types and their behavior in different demyelination and injury models. Better understanding of these models and current cell‐based strategies for remyelination and neuroprotection offer exciting opportunities to develop strategies for clinical studies.