bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differential distribution of voltage‐gated potassium channels Kv 1.1–Kv1.6 in the rat retina during development
Authors: Höltje M. , Brunk I. , Große J. , Beyer E. , Veh R.W. , Bergmann M. , Große G. , Ahnert‐Hilger G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe discharge behavior of neurons depends on a variable expression and sorting pattern of voltage‐dependent potassium (Kv) channels that changes during development. The rodent retina represents a neuronal network whose main functions develop after birth. To obtain information about neuronal maturation we analyzed the expression of subunits of the Kv1 subfamily in the rat retina during postnatal development using immunocytochemistry and immunoelectron microscopy. At postnatal day 5 (P5) all the α‐subunits of Kv1.1–Kv1.6 channels were found to be expressed in the ganglion cell layer (GCL), most of them already at P1 or P3. Their expression upregulates postnatally and the pattern and distribution change in an isoform‐specific manner. Additionally Kv1 channels are found in the outer and inner plexiform layer (OPL, IPL) and in the inner nuclear layer (INL) at different postnatal stages. In adult retina the Kv 1.3 channel localizes to the inner and outer segments of cones. In contrast, Kv1.4 is highly expressed in the outer retina at P8. In adult retina Kv1.4 occurs in rod inner segments (RIS) near the connecting cilium where it colocalizes with synapse associated protein SAP 97. By using confocal laser scanning microscopy we showed a differential localization of Kv1.1‐1.6 to cholinergic amacrine and rod bipolar cells of the INL of the adult retina. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Raman study of lithium coordination in EMI‐TFSI additive systems as lithium‐ion battery ionic liquid electrolytes
Authors: Hardwick Laurence J. , Holzapfel Michael , Wokaun Alexander , Novák Petr 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRaman spectroscopy was performed on various mixtures of the ionic liquid salt, 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium‐bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (EMI‐TFSI). When EMI‐TFSI is used in combination with a lithium salt, it could be a potential electrolyte for lithium‐ion or lithium metal batteries. The Raman spectra of EMI‐TFSI, EMI‐TFSI 0.5 M Li‐TFSI, EMI‐TFSI 0.5 M Li‐TFSI 2 M vinylene carbonate (VC) and EMI‐TFSI 0.5 Li‐TFSI 2 M ethylene carbonate (EC) were collected and compared. A comparison of the peak positions of the δs CF3 mode at 742 cm−1 demonstrates that when carbonate additives are present, the lithium ion is no longer interacting with the TFSI anion. Instead, it is coordinated with the carbon–oxygen double bond of the carbonates. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Heart rate of motor vehicle accident survivors in the emergency department, peritraumatic psychological reactions, ASD, and PTSD severity: A 6‐month prospective study
Authors: Kuhn Eric , Blanchard Edward B. , Fuse Tiffany , Hickling Edward J. , Broderick John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis small‐scale study investigates the relationships between the heart rate of motor vehicle accident survivors presenting in the emergency department (ED) and acute stress disorder (ASD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity. It also examines the relationships between the survivor's heart rate in the ED and peritraumatic dissociation and peritraumatic distress reported 2 weeks posttrauma. Fifty motor vehicle accident (MVA) survivors were assessed 2 weeks, 1 (N = 42), 3 (N = 37), and 6 months (N = 37) post‐MVA. The heart rate in the ED predicted self‐reported ASD symptom severity and clinician‐rated PTSD symptom severity at 6 months but not at 1 or 3 months. Survivors' heart rate in the ED was significantly correlated with peritraumatic dissociation but not peritraumatic distress. These findings support the role of elevated ED heart rate as a predictor of both ASD and chronic PTSD symptom severity and may help to clarify the discrepant findings of previous research.
PTSD as a mediator of sexual revictimization: The role of reexperiencing, avoidance, and arousal symptoms
Authors: Risser Heather J. , Hetzel‐Riggin Melanie D. , Thomsen Cynthia J. , McCanne Thomas R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTheory and research suggest that posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may mediate the relationship between child sexual abuse and adult sexual assault. However, little empirical research has examined the mediational role of PTSD. In the present study, the authors use structural equation modeling to examine the degree to which the three symptom clusters that define PTSD (reexperiencing, avoidance, and hyperarousal) contribute to sexual revictimization. To assess PTSD symptomatology, undergraduate women completed questionnaires (N = 1,449), which detailed the history and severity of childhood and adult sexual assault experiences. Results indicated that PTSD mediated sexual revictimization. When PTSD symptom clusters were examined individually, only the hyperarousal cluster was a significant mediator. Results are discussed in terms of information‐processing mechanisms that may underlie sexual revictimization.
Reduced heart rate responding to trauma reliving in trauma survivors with PTSD: Correlates and consequences
Authors: Halligan Sarah L. , Michael Tanja , Wilhelm Frank H. , Clark David M. , Ehlers Anke 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors investigated whether heart rate (HR) responses to voluntary recall of trauma memories (a) are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and (b) predict recovery 6 months later. Sixty‐two assault survivors completed a recall task modeled on imaginal reliving in the initial weeks postassault. Possible cognitive modulators of HR responsivity were assessed; dissociation, rumination, trauma memory disorganization. Individuals with PTSD showed a reduced HR response to reliving compared to those without PTSD, but reported greater distress. Notably, higher HR response but not self‐reported distress during reliving predicted greater symptom reduction at follow‐up in participants with PTSD. Engagement in rumination was the only cognitive factor that predicted lower HR response. The data are in contrast to studies using trauma reminders to trigger memories, which have found greater physiological reactivity in PTSD. The authors' observations are consistent with models of PTSD that highlight differences between cued or stimulus‐driven retrieval and intentional trauma recall, and with E. B. Foa and M. J. Kozak's (1986) hypothesis that full activation of trauma memories facilitates emotional processing.
Dissemination of exposure therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Cahill Shawn P. , Foa Edna B. , Hembree Elizabeth A. , Marshall Randall D. , Nacash Nitsa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the introduction of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) into the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM‐III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980), considerable research has demonstrated the efficacy of several cognitive–behavioral therapy (CBT) programs in the treatment of chronic PTSD. Among these efficacious treatments is exposure therapy. Despite all the evidence for the efficacy of exposure therapy and other CBT programs, few therapists are trained in these treatments and few patients receive them. In this article, the authors review extant evidence on the reasons that therapists do not use these treatments and recent research on the dissemination of efficacious treatments of PTSD.
Formation of Honeycomb‐Patterned Polyetherketone Cardo (PEK‐C) Films in a Highly Humid Atmosphere
Authors: Tian Ye , Liu Shuang , Ding Huaiyu , Wang Lihua , Liu Biqian , Shi Yanqiao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSummary: The fabrication of honeycomb‐patterned films from PEK‐C in a humid atmosphere is reported. Some governing factors, such as the concentrations of the polymer solutions, the atmosphere humidity, and the volatility of the solvents, are tested. Moreover, by using PEK‐C, PLEG, and PPO, the different mechanisms between hydrophilic polymers and hydrophobic polymers on pattern formation are also studied.Influence of the concentration on water droplet arrangement. Concentration: a) 1 and b) 2 g · L−1.magnified imageInfluence of the concentration on water droplet arrangement. Concentration: a) 1 and b) 2 g · L−1.
The mRNA expression of P450 aromatase, gonadotropin β‐subunits and FTZ‐F1 in the orange‐spotted grouper (Epinephelus Coioides) during 17α‐methyltestosterone‐induced precocious sex change
Authors: Zhang Weimin , Zhang Yong , Zhang Lihong , Zhao Huihong , Li Xin , Huang He , Lin Haoran 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe orange‐spotted grouper Epinephelus coioides is a protogynous hermaphroditic fish, but the physiological basis of its sex change remains largely unknown. In the present study, the 2‐year‐old orange‐spotted grouper was induced to change sex precociously by oral administration of 17α‐methyltestosterone (MT, 50 mg/Kg diet, twice a day at daily ration of 5% bodyweight) for 60 days. The serum testosterone levels were significantly elevated after MT treatment for 20 and 40 days as compared to control, but the levels of serum estradiol (E2) remained unchanged. The expression of P450aromA in the gonad significantly decreased after MT treatment for 20, 40, and 60 days. Accordingly, the enzyme activity of gonadal aromatase was also lower. The expression of FSHβ subunit in the pituitary was significantly decreased after MT treatment for 20 days, but returned to the control levels after 40 and 60 days; however, the expression of LHβ subunit was not altered significantly by MT treatment. The expression of FTZ‐F1 in the gonad also decreased significantly in response to MT treatment for 40 and 60 days, but its expression in the pituitary was not altered significantly. Interestingly, when tested in vitro on ovarian fragments, MT had no direct effect on the expression of P450aromA and FTZ‐F1 as well as the activity of gonadal aromatase, suggesting that the inhibition of gonadal P450aromatase and FTZ‐F1 by MT may be mediated at upper levels of the brain‐pituitary‐gonadal axis. Taken together, these results indicated that FSH, P450aromA, FTZ‐F1, and serum testosterone are associated with the MT‐induced sex change of the orange‐spotted grouper, but the cause–effect relationship between these factors and sex change in this species remains to be characterized. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 665–673, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transfer of spermatogenesis‐related cDNAs into eel testis germ‐somatic cell coculture pellets by electroporation: Methods for analysis of gene function
Authors: Miura C. , Kuwahara R. , Miura T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGenes encoding spermatogenesis‐related substance (eSRSs) show unique expression patterns during spermatogenesis. To analyze their function, we developed a new assay system using gene transfer techniques combined with coculture of the eel germ‐somatic cells. First, we investigated the efficacy of in vitro electroporation transfer of gene into germ‐somatic cell pellets using green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. Second, in order to define the function of the eSRSs, we electrophoretically transferred eel spermatogonial stem cell renewal factor (eSRS34) and eel spermatogenesis‐preventing substance (eSRS21) genes into germ‐somatic cell pellets. Presence of the transferred cDNA was examined by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Furthermore, proliferating cells were detected histologically, after labeling with BrdU. Transfer of the eSRS34 gene induced spermatogonial stem cell renewal in the pellets. Moreover, 11‐ketotestosterone (11‐KT) treatment stimulated the proliferation of spermatogonia, which resulted in the appearance of late type B spermatogonia in the pellets. The proliferation of spermatogonia by 11‐KT stimulation was suppressed by transfer of the eSRS21 gene. These results indicate that the transferred eSRS34 and 21genes were functional in the pellets. Thus, an efficient in vitro gene transfer technique for coculture system of germ and somatic cell of Japanese eel was established. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 420–427, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Presentation of 3D isotropic imaging data for optimal viewing
Authors: Henkelman R. Mark , Baghdadi Leila , Sled John G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree‐dimensional (3D) isotropically sampled data facilitates retrospective viewing of arbitrarily aligned image planes and simplifies automated computer analysis of 3D structures. However, compared to acquisitions that employ thick slices, MRI acquisitions with isotropic sampling have a lower signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). A rater study was performed to examine viewer preference for the trade‐off between SNR and the partial‐volume effect of through‐plane averaging. A robust preference for a 5:1 ratio in through‐plane to in‐plane was found for a typical SNR of 11. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nurses are increasingly involved in pharmacovigilance in Sweden
Authors: Ulfvarson Johanna , Mejyr Stefan , Bergman Ulf 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntroductionIn Sweden, voluntary adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting started over 40 years ago to detect rare, serious, unexpected adverse, mainly type B, reactions. During the period 1965–2004, 92 000 reports were assessed. Since certain nurses are licensed to prescribe a limited number of drugs, nurses also form part of the reporting team.AimTo analyse the ADR reporting by nurses in Sweden.MethodsAll reports by nurses and other health‐care personnel entered into the Swedish ADRs database SWEDIS (Swedish Drug Information System) were retrieved for the 10‐year period 1995–2004 (Swedish population: 9 million). The intention was to analyse the nurses' reports from a quantitative and qualitative point of view.ResultsThe total number of ADR reports has gradually increased during the past 10 years from 3000 to over 4000 in 2004 (465 per million inhabitants), an increase by 28%. All ADR reports originate from health care personnel. The nurses' contribution to the ADR reporting increased from 2–3% in the mid‐90s to 12% in 2004. The most common drugs involved in the nurses' reporting were various kinds of vaccines. Skin reactions dominated among the nurses' ADR reports. The ADRs reported by nurses were, as a consequence of many vaccine reports, compared to all reports, not so often classified as serious, but were on the other hand more often assessed with a causal relationship.ConclusionsNurses, in their position as drug administrators who record signs and symptoms of the patients, play an increasingly important role for detection of suspected ADRs and are now contributing to a significant amount of the ADR reporting in Sweden. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estrogen signaling and disruption of androgen metabolism in acquired androgen‐independence during cadmium carcinogenesis in human prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Benbrahim‐Tallaa Lamia , Liu Jie , Webber Mukta M. , Waalkes Michael P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDLethal prostate cancers often become androgen‐independent due to androgen receptor (AR) overexpression. The role of cadmium in prostate tumor progression was determined.METHODSControl and cadmium‐transformed prostate epithelial cells (CTPE) were compared for steroid‐induced proliferation, steroid receptor expression, and androgen metabolism.RESULTSCTPE cells showed rapid proliferation in complete medium and sustained proliferation in steroid‐reduced medium. Androgens stimulated significantly less cell proliferation and AR‐related genes expression in CTPE cells. 5α‐Dihydrotestosterone increased PSA expression more effectively in control cells. Flutamide reduced 5α‐dihydrotestosterone‐stimulated growth less effectively in CTPE cells compared to control. CTPE cells showed decreased p27 expression. Estrogen receptors were overexpressed and estradiol markedly stimulated proliferation in CTPE cells. In CTPE cells 5α‐aromatase was markedly increased, while 5α‐reductase was decreased.CONCLUSIONSCadmium‐induced malignant transformation stimulates androgen independence, unrelated to AR expression or activity. Increased estrogen receptor and 5α‐aromatase expression suggest estrogen signaling may be critical to this process. Prostate © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aberrant expression of SWI/SNF catalytic subunits BRG1/BRM is associated with tumor development and increased invasiveness in prostate cancers
Authors: Sun Aijing , Tawfik Ossama , Gayed Bishoy , Thrasher J. Brantley , Hoestje Sara , Li Chaoyang , Li Benyi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDBrahma gene (BRM) and Brahma‐related gene 1 (BRG1) are major components with ATPase enzymatic activities in the nucleosome remodeling SWI/SNF complex, and their expression pattern in human prostate cancers is unknown.METHODWe analyzed a published cDNA microarray data set of prostate cancers for the expression of SWI/SNF genes, and then we evaluated the expression levels of BRG1 and BRM proteins with a semi‐quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) approach in a pairwise manner of malignant versus benign tissues from individual prostate cancers. The correlation of BRG1/BRM expression with clinical parameters was analyzed.RESULTSMicroarray data showed an aberrant expression of BRG1 and BRM but not SNF5/INI1 genes in different stages of the disease course. In immunochemistry studies, BRG1 expression was significantly higher in malignant tissues compared to their benign compartments, and this difference was more profound in high‐grade cancers. Although BRM expression showed a heterogeneous pattern, the average level of BRM expression was lower in malignant tissues than that in benign tissues. More interestingly, BRG1 and BRM expression showed a reciprocal pattern in both benign and malignant tissues of individual cases. In malignant tissues, higher BRG1 but not BRM expression levels were associated with larger volume of tumor mass. Increased expression of BRG1 but not BRM protein was observed in invasive cancer cells. Consistently, overexpression of exogenous wild‐type BRG1 and BRM but not mutant BRG1 enhanced cancer cell invasion in an in vitro cell invasion assay.CONCLUSIONSWe provide the first evidence that aberrant expression of BRG1 and BRM genes is associated with disease development and progression in prostate cancers and increased BRG1 expression may promote tumor growth and invasion. Prostate © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dephasing of excited‐state excitons in InGaAs quantum dots
Authors: Borri P. , Langbein W. , Muljarov E. A. , Zimmermann R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe measure the dephasing time of the first optically‐active excited‐state excitonic transition in strongly confined InGaAs quantum dots using transient four‐wave mixing. The optically‐driven excited‐state polarization shows a bi‐exponential decay with a significant fraction of the probed excited states exhibiting a very long dephasing time, in the nanosecond range at 10 K. The full time‐dependent four‐wave mixing polarization is microscopically calculated by taking into account both virtual and real acoustic phonon‐assisted transitions. The bi‐exponential decay is qualitatively explained by a model of two‐bright excitonic excited states non‐degenerate in the absence of in‐plane cylindrical symmetry. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Exciton dynamics in molecular aggregates
Authors: Augulis R. , Pugžlys A. , van Loosdrecht P. H. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe fundamental aspects of exciton dynamics in double‐wall cylindrical aggregates of cyanine dyes are studied by means of frequency resolved femtosecond pump‐probe spectroscopy. The collective excitations of the aggregates, resulting from intermolecular dipole‐dipole interactions have the characteristic property – the localization of the lowest lying exciton states. The experimentally observed outer‐to‐inner tubule excitonic energy transfer dynamics and the internal energy relaxation at low temperatures reveal a non‐equilibrium population of the excitonic subsystem. The analysis of measured dynamics reveals very fast picosecond timescale energy relaxation to the optically active energy states. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminescence due to inelastic scattering processes of excitons in a GaN thin film grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Tanaka H. , Ando M. , Uemura T. , Nakayama M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe have investigated photoluminescence (PL) properties of a high quality GaN thin film grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy under intense excitation conditions in a wide temperature range from 10 to 300 K. It is found that there are two types of PL band peculiar to intense excitation conditions. In a low temperature region below 80 K, the exciton‐exciton scattering dominates the PL, the so‐called P emission. On the other hand, in a high temperature region above ∼120 K, a PL band, which is different from the P emission, appears. The energy spacing between the new PL band and the fundamental A exciton linearly increases with an increase in temperature. In addition, the energy spacing is estimated to be zero at absolute zero temperature by extrapolation of the temperature dependence. These PL profiles indicate that the PL band observed in the high temperature regime originates from the exciton‐electron scattering. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoluminesence and FTIR study of ZnO nanoparticles: the impurity and defect perspective
Authors: Xiong G. , Pal U. , Serrano J. G. , Ucer K. B. , Williams R. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe studied the possible correlations between defects and photoluminescence spectra in ZnO nanoparticles of sizes ranging from 43 nm to 73 nm in diameter. The defects and impurity contents were characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results show fewer carboxylate and hydroxyl impurities for particles of larger sizes. No significant variation in oxygen vacancy content was found among samples. Annealing in vacuum at 300 °C significantly reduces the carboxylate and hydroxyl impurities in the samples. The total luminescence intensity (UV + visible) increases as the particle size grows for both the unannealed and annealed samples. This suggests that both types of luminescence are subject to non‐radiative quenching by near surface defect centers, possibly carboxylate and hydroxyl impurities. There may be quenching due to intrinsic lattice defects too. It is found that annealing in vacuum enhances the visible luminescence both absolutely and relative to the UV exciton luminescence. In addition to the 2.5 eV green luminescence peak, a peak centered at 2.8 eV can also be resolved, espeically for the 43 nm sample. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Trigonal Na3Li(SeO4)2·6H2O crystal – a novel SRS‐active material with high Raman gain coefficient
Authors: Kaminskii A. A. , Bohatý L. , Becker P. , Held P. , Eichler H. J. , Rhee H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe discovered and characterized the χ (3)‐active Na3Li(SeO4)2·6H2O crystal with considerably high Raman gain coefficients for laser physics and nonlinear optics. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)magnified imageSection of the crystal structure of Na3Li(SeO4)2·6H2O, representing one sheet of [Na3O7(H2O)6] groups together with the linking tetrahedral groups [SeO4] and the double tetrahedra [O3SeOLi(H2O)3], that are formed by [SeO4] and [LiO(H2O)3]. Hydrogen atoms are marked with spheres. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)