bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On transmission techniques for multi‐antenna W‐CDMA systems
Authors: da Silva Mário Marques , Correia Américo M. C. , Dinis Rui 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper we present and evaluate a new pre‐processing scheme for Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) channels. Its performance is compared with other MIMO schemes proposed for the downlink of Wideband‐Code Division Multiple Access (W‐CDMA) systems, namely a variation of the Beam Forming (BF), entitled Beam‐Selective Transmit Diversity (BSTD) or post‐processing schemes, such as the Alamouti‐like MIMO or the Vertical Bell Laboratories Layered Space‐Time (V‐BLAST) MIMO scheme. It is assumed that the Base Station (BS) hasM ⩾ 2 transmit antennas and the Mobile Station (MS) receiver has space enough to accommodateN = 2 uncorrelated receive antennas.It is shown that the proposed pre‐processing scheme allows receivers with very low complexity, contrarily to the case where a post‐processing approach is followed, simplifying the MS receiver. Therefore, the proposedM × NMIMO pre‐processing scheme can be seen as an alternative to post‐processing schemes. It is also shown that the pre‐processing scheme for MIMO channels tends to achieve the best performance in most scenarios, being followed by the BSTD, which allows interference cancellation and provides diversity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recurrent deletions at 6q in early age of onset non‐HNPCC‐ and non‐FAP‐associated intestinal carcinomas. Evidence for a novel cancer susceptibility locus at 6q14‐q22
Authors: Bläker Hendrik , Mechtersheimer Gunhild , Sutter Christian , Hertkorn Christian , Kern Michael A. , Rieker Ralf J. , Penzel Roland , Schirmacher Peter , Kloor Matthias 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHereditary intestinal cancers mainly occur in the framework of the familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndromes. However, in about 50% of young patients with intestinal cancer clinically suspicious of an inherited cancer predisposition, no underlying molecular alteration can be identified. To determine the genetic profile of early onset intestinal cancer in the absence of a known cancer predisposition, we have analyzed 12 small and large intestinal tumors from 11 non‐FAP, non‐HNPCC, and noninflammatory bowel disease patients diagnosed under the age of 35years using a combination of comparative genomic hybridization and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) analysis. The distribution of chromosomal gains and deletions was similar to late onset carcinomas except for 6q alterations which were found in 50% of carcinomas. To define a shared region affected by allelic imbalance, detailed LOH analysis at chromosome 6 was performed on three carcinomas from two patients which showed small interstitial 6q deletions. A minimal area of deletion overlap between markers D6S1652 and D6S1657 (6q14‐22) was identified. In a patient with small and large intestinal carcinoma and seven adenomas, loss of identical parental 6q14‐22 alleles was seen in both carcinomas and in three of the adenomas. Our data indicate that alterations affecting 6q are frequent in early onset intestinal carcinomas. Moreover, deletions of identical parental alleles in a 35 Mbp area at 6q in multiple independent tumors from one of the patients are compatible with the existence of a novel 6q‐associated cancer susceptibility syndrome. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The patient with dementia, the caregiver and the doctor: cognition, depression and quality of life from three perspectives
Authors: Arlt Sönke , Hornung Juliane , Eichenlaub M. , Jahn Holger , Bullinger Monika , Petersen Corinna 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundFor comprehensive information about the situation of patients with dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI), clinicians have to rely on information from different sources, e.g. caregivers or the patients themselves, which may differ from each other. In addition to the assessment of cognitive impairment, the importance of evaluating not only depressive symptoms but also health related quality of life (HRQOL) in clinical research and practice in dementia has increased.ObjectiveTo examine about how the ratings of patients, caregivers and clinicians regarding the patients' cognitive impairment, depression and HRQOL relate to each other by comparing these three perspectives by using self‐ and proxy‐rating measures.MethodOne hundred outpatients with mild to moderate dementia or MCI and their family caregivers participated in this study. Depression and cognitive impairment were examined with self‐ and proxy‐ratings as well as the Mini‐Mental Status Examination (MMSE); HRQOL was assessed with the SF‐12 Health Survey and the EUROHIS quality of life index.ResultsWe found high correspondence between caregivers' assessment of cognitive function and MMSE scores, while patients' self‐rating did not correlate with MMSE. HRQOL was underestimated by caregivers compared to self‐rating. Concerning depression, the patients' assessment was in good accordance with the clinician's evaluation.ConclusionThe study suggests that patients with mild to moderate dementia and MCI are important informants of their HRQOL and depressive symptoms, but they underestimate their cognitive deficits. Assessing different perspectives of the patients' HRQOL is relevant in order to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the patients' well‐being. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Three New Lanostane Triterpenoids from Inonotus obliquus
Authors: Taji Sayaka , Yamada Takeshi , In Yasuko , Wada Shun‐ichi , Usami Yoshihide , Sakuma Kazuo , Tanaka Reiko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThree new lanostane‐type triterpenoids, inonotsulides A, B, and C (1–3, resp.) were isolated from the sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) (Japanese name: Kabanoanatake; Russian name: Chaga). Their structures were determined to be (20R,24S)‐3β,25‐dihydroxylanost‐8‐en‐20,24‐olide (1), (20R,24R)‐3β,25‐dihydroxylanost‐8‐en‐20,24‐olide (2), and (20R,24S)‐3β,25‐dihydroxylanosta‐7,9(11)‐dien‐20,24‐olide (3) on the basis of chemical transformation, NMR spectroscopy including 1D and 2D (1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC), EI‐MS, and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis.
A Concise One‐Pot Synthesis of 3,4‐Diaryl‐1H‐pyrazoles from Natural Isoflavones and Hydrazine Hydrate
Authors: Zhang Zun‐Ting , Tan Da‐Jin , Xue Dong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn efficient protocol has been developed for the preparation of a series of new 3,4‐diaryl‐1H‐pyrazoles, potential pharmacological and agricultural targets, by the reaction of hydrazine hydrate with different natural isoflavones or their derivatives. The target compounds were obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields (80–95%; Table 2) under fairly mild reaction conditions (80°) tolerating various functional groups. The new compounds were fully characterized, and the single‐crystal X‐ray structures of 3,5‐diethoxy‐2‐[4‐(4‐ethoxyphenyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl]phenol (26) and of the peracetylated compound 2‐{1‐acetyl‐4‐[4‐acetoxy‐3‐(diacetylamino)phenyl]‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl}‐5‐acetoxyphenyl acetate (35) were solved (Figure).
Water‐Soluble Constituents from the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Qu Jian‐Bo , Xie Chun‐Feng , Ji Mei , Shi Yan‐Qiu , Lou Hong‐Xiang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour new glycosides, the bibenzyl glycoside α,β‐dihydrostilbene‐2,4′,5‐triol 2,5‐di‐(β‐D‐glucopyranoside) (1), the shikimic acid glycoside shikimic acid 4‐(β‐D‐xylopyranoside) (2), and two phenylethanoid glycosides 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐α‐L‐rhamnopyranosyl‐(1→2)‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (3) and 2‐(3,4‐dihydroxyphenyl)ethyl O‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl‐(1→6)‐β‐D‐allopyranoside (4), together with three known aromatic glycosides were isolated from the H2O‐soluble fraction of the EtOH extract of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences.
Itosides A – I, New Phenolic Glycosides from Itoa orientalis
Authors: Chai Xing‐Yun , Xu Zheng‐Ren , Ren Hong‐Yan , Shi Hai‐Ming , Lu Ya‐Nan , Li Fei‐Fei , Tu Peng‐Fei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEight new benzoylated gentisyl alcohol (=2‐(hydroxymethyl)benzene‐1,4‐diol) glucosides, itosides A–H (1–8), together with the new pyrocatechol (=benzene‐1,2‐diol) glycoside itoside I (9) were isolated from the bark and twigs of Itoa orientalis (Flacourtiaceae). In itosides B–D (2–4), the gentisyl alcohol moiety was esterified by 1‐hydroxy‐6‐oxocyclohex‐2‐ene‐1‐carboxylic acid, while itosides E–H (5–8) contained instead an additional 2‐hydroxybenzoic acid moiety. The compounds were accompanied by the known derivatives 4‐hydroxytremulacin (10), poliothyrsoside (11), poliothyrsin (12), homaloside D (13), tremulacin, and pyrocatechol β‐D‐glucopyranoside. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectral and chemical methods.
Synthesis of Phenyl‐Substituted Conduritol B and Its Mechanism of Formation
Authors: Cantekin Seda , Çalışkan Raşit , Şahin Ertan , Balci Metin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe phenyl‐substituted conduritol B 8 was prepared in racemic form in a five‐step sequence starting from 2‐phenyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone (10) (Scheme 1). The reaction mechanism of the key step 12b→13 is discussed (Scheme 2).
Multifractal analysis as a tool for validating a rainfall model
Authors: García‐Marín A. P. , Jiménez‐Hornero F. J. , Ayuso‐Muñoz J. L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA multifractal analysis was carried out in order to validate the simulation of hourly rainfall records of a local climate model for the Iberian Peninsula. Observed and simulated hourly rainfall data from four locations in Andalusia (southern Spain) were used to carry out the study. In order to detect the influence of the length of the data series on the results, two different sizes were used for the real data: 4 years, and 20 years. The results show that algebraic tails are required to fit the probability distribution of extreme rain event sizes, and rain and dry event durations for both kinds of rainfall data. Similar results are found for the extreme rain event sizes and dry event durations fits when the real and synthetic data are considered. Nevertheless, some differences appear in the cases of rain event durations. The detection of the presence of a first‐order multifractal phase transition associated with a critical moment in the empirical moment scaling exponent function and the results of the extreme rain event sizes fits, reveal that real rainfall is a self‐organized criticality (SOC) process. That behaviour is less evident in the simulated rainfall series. The same ‘synoptic maximum’ value was found for each place with both types of rainfall data. A time clustering analysis was carried out applying the count‐based periodogram and the Fano factor methods. Some periodicities have been detected in the periodograms, especially for the longest real rainfall data series. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linking urban water balance and energy balance models to analyse urban design options
Authors: Mitchell V. G. , Cleugh H. A. , Grimmond C. S. B. , Xu J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractUsing a water balance modelling framework, this paper analyses the effects of urban design on the water balance, with a focus on evapotranspiration and storm water. First, two quite different urban water balance models are compared: Aquacycle which has been calibrated for a suburban catchment in Canberra, Australia, and the single‐source urban evapotranspiration‐interception scheme (SUES), an energy‐based approach with a biophysically advanced representation of interception and evapotranspiration. A fair agreement between the two modelled estimates of evapotranspiration was significantly improved by allowing the vegetation cover (leaf area index, LAI) to vary seasonally, demonstrating the potential of SUES to quantify the links between water sensitive urban design and microclimates and the advantage of comparing the two modelling approaches. The comparison also revealed where improvements to SUES are needed, chiefly through improved estimates of vegetation cover dynamics as input to SUES, and more rigorous parameterization of the surface resistance equations using local‐scale suburban flux measurements. Second, Aquacycle is used to identify the impact of an array of water sensitive urban design features on the water balance terms. This analysis confirms the potential to passively control urban microclimate by suburban design features that maximize evapotranspiration, such as vegetated roofs. The subsequent effects on daily maximum air temperatures are estimated using an atmospheric boundary layer budget. Potential energy savings of about 2% in summer cooling are estimated from this analysis. This is a clear ‘return on investment’ of using water to maintain urban greenspace, whether as parks distributed throughout an urban area or individual gardens or vegetated roofs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel silica‐coated iron–carbon composite particles and their targeting effect as a drug carrier
Authors: Cao Hongming , Gan Jun , Wang Shufen , Xuan Shaofeng , Wu Qiufang , Li Chunzhong , Wu Chuntao , Hu Chengen , Huang Guangjian 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNovel silica‐coated iron–carbon composite particles were prepared to be used in the targeting therapy as a drug carrier. The composite particles with diameter of 200–300 nm were obtained successfully via high‐energy planetary ball milling and hydrogen reduction processes. The composite particles possess the advantages of activated carbon and magnetic Fe, exhibiting excellent drug adsorption and desorption abilities as well as powerfully magnetic targeting. In in vivo experiment, 99mTcO4‐adsorbed composite particles showed prominent biodistribution in the left hepatic lobe of pigs under the control of an external magnetic field. The amount of doxorubicin content of hepatic tissue was 23.8 times higher in targeted area of the left lobe than that in the nontargeted area of the right lobe when doxorubicin‐adsorbed composite particles were infused intra‐arterially. These results also suggest that the composite particles could penetrate through the capillary wall around tissue interstitium and hepatic cells under the driving of an external magnetic force in targeting area, indicating that the novel silica‐coated iron–carbon composite particles could be a potential application in targeted treatment for some kinds of tumor as an effective drug carrier. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Surface chemistry influences implant‐mediated host tissue responses
Authors: Kamath Shwetha , Bhattacharyya Dhiman , Padukudru Chandana , Timmons Richard B. , Tang Liping 
Published: November 2007

AbstractImplant‐mediated fibrotic reactions are detrimental to the performance of encapsulated cells, implanted drug release devices, and sensors. To improve the implant function and longevity, recent research has emphasized the need for inducing alterations in cellular responses. Although material surface functional groups have been shown to be potent in affecting cellular activity in vitro and short‐term in vivo responses, these groups appear to have little influence on long‐term in vivo fibrotic reactions, possibly as a result of insufficient interactions between recruited host cells and functional groups on the implants. To maximize the influence of functionality on cells, and to mimic drug release microspheres, functionalized micron‐sized particles were created and tested for their ability in modulating tissue responses to biomaterial implants. In this work, the surfaces of polypropylene particles were controllably coated with four different functional groups, specifically OH, NH2, CFx, and COOH, using a radio frequency glow discharge plasma polymerization technique. The effect of these surface functionalities on host tissue responses were then evaluated using a mice subcutaneous implantation model. Major differences were observed in contrasting tissue response to the different chemistries. Surfaces with OH and NH2 surface groups induced the thickest fibrous capsule accompanied with the greatest cellular infiltration into the implants. In contrast, surfaces with CFx and COOH exhibited the least inflammatory/fibrotic responses and cellular infiltrations. The present results clearly demonstrate that, by increasing the available functionalized surface area and spatial distribution, the effect of surface chemistry on tissue reactivity can be substantially enhanced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2008
Immobilization of NaIO4‐treated heparin on PEG‐modified 316L SS surface for high anti‐thrombin‐III binding
Authors: Chuang Tzu‐Wen , Lin Dong‐Tsamn , Lin Feng‐Huei 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPoor compatibility between blood and metallic coronary artery stents is one reason for arterial restenosis; however, the immobilization of anticoagulant agents on the surface of the stent is a feasible method of improving stent compatibility. Heparin, a well‐known anticoagulant, has been frequently used to coat the surfaces of certain biomaterials to attain blood compatibility. The compound 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl‐aminopropyl) carbodiimide has often been utilized for the immobilization of heparin, but the critical carboxyl groups of heparin (with regards to heparin's anticoagulant activity) will be reduced by this method. This study examined possible methods of heparin immobilization without consuming these carboxyl groups. The 316L stainless steel surface was first activated with hexamethylene diisocyanate and then coupled with bis‐amine‐terminated poly (ethylene glycol) (BA‐PEG) so as to create active amine groups. Sodium periodate (NaIO4; SP) was then used to oxidize heparin to form aldehyde groups. The treated heparin could then be grafted onto the activated surface of the test material without losing its carboxyl groups. Effective surface modification of the hexamethylene diisocyanate‐activated and BA‐PEG‐grafted 316L SS surface was confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis and a water contact angle test. After the heparin was immobilized on the BA‐PEG‐grafted 316L SS surface by SP, the surface showed an improvement in antithrombrin III (AT III) binding ability, its anticoagulant property, and hemocompatibility in comparison with heparin grafted by 1‐ethyl‐3‐(3‐dimethyl‐aminopropyl) carbodiimide. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Control of the molecular degradation of hyaluronic acid hydrogels for tissue augmentation
Authors: Oh Eun Ju , Kang Sun‐Woong , Kim Byung‐Soo , Jiang Ge , Cho Il Hwan , Hahn Sei Kwang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA novel protocol to control the molecular degradation of hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogels was successfully developed for tissue augmentation applications. HA has a different conformational structure in water and organic solvent, and the carboxyl group of HA is known to be the recognition site of hyaluronidase and HA receptors. Based on these findings, HA was chemically modified by grafting adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) to the carboxyl group of HA in the water to prepare HA‐ADHWATER and in the mixed solvent of water and ethanol to prepare degradation‐controlled HA‐ADHWATER/ETHANOL. Three kinds of HA hydrogels were prepared by the crosslinking of HA‐ADHWATER or HA‐ADHWATER/ETHANOL with bis(sulfosuccinimidyl) suberate, and by the crosslinking of HA‐OH with divinyl sulfone (DVS). In vitro and in vivo degradation tests showed that HA‐DVS hydrogels were degraded most rapidly, followed by HA‐ADHWATER hydrogels and HA‐ADHWATER/ETHANOL hydrogels. There was no adverse effect during and after in vivo degradation tests. All of the HA hydrogel samples appeared to be biocompatible, according to the histological analysis with hematoxylin–eosin and Alcian blue. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
The role of protein translocation in the regulation of glycogen metabolism
Authors: Jurczak Michael J. , Danos Arpad M. , Rehrmann Victoria R. , Brady Matthew J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEarly biochemical analyses of metabolic pathways assumed that the free diffusion of substrates and enzymes in an evenly mixed cellular space provided the interactions that enabled reactions to proceed. Metabolic complexes have since been shown to assemble and disassemble in response to changes in cellular conditions, and in turn, to channel metabolic intermediates within discreet cellular compartments, allowing for the efficient use or storage of energy. A fundamental component to the formation of metabolic complexes and the channeling of metabolites is the translocation of enzymes in response to specific extra‐ and intracellular signals. These generalities play an important role in the metabolism of glucose to glycogen within skeletal muscle and liver. In this review, the similarities and differences in skeletal muscle and liver glucose metabolism with regards to glucose transport and intracellular processing will be addressed during the fasted to fed transition. More specifically, the importance of isoform expression and protein translocation in the tissue specific control of glucose homeostasis will be covered. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 435–443, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Critical contact residues that mediate polymerization of nematode major sperm protein
Authors: del Castillo‐Olivares Antonio , Smith Harold E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe polymerization of protein filaments provides the motive force in a variety of cellular processes involving cell motility and intracellular transport. Regulated assembly and disassembly of the major sperm protein (MSP) underlies amoeboid movement in nematode sperm, and offers an attractive model system for characterizing the biomechanical properties of filament formation and force generation. To that end, structure‐function studies of MSP from the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have been performed. Recombinant MSP was purified from Escherichia coli using a novel affinity chromatography technique, and filament assembly was assessed by in vitro polymerization in the presence of polyethylene glycol. Prior molecular studies and structure from X‐ray crystallography have implicated specific residues in protein–protein interactions necessary for filament assembly. Purified MSP containing substitutions in these residues fails to form filaments in vitro. Short peptides based on predicted sites of interaction also effectively disrupt MSP polymerization. These results confirm the structural determination of intermolecular contacts and demonstrate the importance of these residues in MSP assembly. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 477–487, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular stress triggers TEL nuclear export via two genetically separable pathways
Authors: Hanson Caroline A. , Wood Lauren D. , Hiebert Scott W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTEL (translocation ets leukemia, also known as ETV6) is a repressor of transcription that is disrupted by the t(12;21), which is the most frequent chromosomal translocation in pediatric acute lymphocytic leukemia. TEL is modified by SUMOylation, and the lysine (Lys 99) that is conjugated to SUMO is required for TEL nuclear export. In addition, TEL is phosphorylated by p38 kinase, which is activated by cellular stress. Induction of cellular stress reduced the ability of TEL to repress transcription in vitro, but the mechanistic basis of this phenomenon was unclear. In this study, we show that osmotic stress causes re‐localization of TEL to the cytoplasm and that p38‐mediated phosphorylation of TEL is sufficient for this re‐localization. However, impairment of both SUMOylation of Lys 99 and p38‐dependent phosphorylation of Ser 257 of TEL were required to impair the re‐localization of TEL in response to cellular stress induced by high salt, identifying two separate nuclear export pathways. Thus, alteration of the cellular localization of TEL may be a part of the cellular stress response and re‐localization of TEL to the cytoplasm is an important step in the regulation of TEL. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 488–498, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.