bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Laceback Ligatures on Maxillary Canine Retraction
Authors: Sueri Melih Y. , Turk Tamer 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of laceback ligatures on canine distalization during the leveling and aligning stage and to compare the effectiveness of laceback ligatures with that of superelastic NiTi closed coil springs.
Materials and Methods: Fifteen subjects were included in this study. Fixed orthodontic treatment was planned with the extraction of first premolars to solve crowding in upper and/or lower arches. Stainless steel direct-bonding Roth brackets (0.022-inch) were used. For canine distalization superelastic NiTi closed coil springs generating 150 g of force were used on one side. Lacebacks made from 0.010-inch ligature wire were applied on the contralateral side. Dental and skeletal changes were evaluated from predistalization and postdistalization lateral cephalometric and submento vertical radiographs. A Wilcoxon test was applied to determine the differences between predistalization and postdistalization mean values and to determine the mean differences between the groups.
Results: Upper incisor crowns moved posteriorly. Distal movement and tipping of the canines were significant for both groups. Likewise, mesial movement and tipping of the first molars were significant for both groups. Furthermore, distopalatinal rotation of the canines was significant in the coil group. Canine and molar movements were greater for the coil group than for the laceback group, and the differences were significant. These differences may be attributed to force characterization, as well as to arch wire size and material.
Conclusion: The laceback ligatures proved to be effective for canine distalization. Less canine and molar movement was found for the laceback group, but more controlled movements were obtained for the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes.
Prediction of Individual Mandibular Changes Induced by Functional Jaw Orthopedics Followed by Fixed Appliances in Class II Patients
Authors: Franchi Lorenzo , Baccetti Tiziano 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective: To identify pretreatment cephalometric variables for the prediction of individual mandibular outcomes of functional jaw orthopedics (FJO) followed by fixed appliances in Class II patients treated at the peak in mandibular growth.Materials and Methods: The study was performed on 51 subjects (24 females, 27 males) with Class II malocclusion. First-phase therapy was accomplished with a twin block in 16 subjects, a stainless steel crown Herbst in 15 subjects, and an acrylic splint Herbst in 20 subjects. Lateral cephalograms were available at the start of treatment with FJO and at the completion of fixed appliance therapy. All subjects received FJO at the peak in mandibular growth (CS 3 at T1). Individual responsiveness to Class II treatment including FJO was defined on the basis of the T2-T1 increment in total mandibular length (Co-Gn) when compared with untreated Class II subjects.Results: Discriminant analysis identified a single predictive parameter (Co-Go-Me°) with a classification power of 80%. Pretreatment vertical and sagittal parameters were not able to improve the prediction based upon the mandibular angle.Conclusions: A Class II patient at the peak in skeletal maturation (CS 3) with a pretreatment Co-Go-Me° smaller than 125.5° is expected to respond favorably to treatment including FJO. A Class II patient at CS 3 with a pretreatment value for Co-Go-Me° greater than 125.5° is expected to respond poorly to treatment including FJO.
Palatal Size and Shape in 6-Year Olds Affected by Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Authors: Dellavia Claudia , Sforza Chiarella , Malerba Angela , Strohmenger Laura , Ferrario Virgilio F. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To analyze the size and shape of the hard tissue palate of Italian subjects with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED).
Materials and Methods: The morphology and the dimensions of the hard tissue palate were analyzed in eight 6-year-old boys affected by HED. Four of the boys were completely edentulous and four partially dentate. Palatal landmarks were identified on stone casts and digitized with three-dimensional computerized electromagnetic instrumentation. Palatal length, slope, width, and maximum palatal height in both the sagittal and frontal planes were measured. From the coordinates of palatal landmarks, a mathematical equation of palatal shape was constructed, independent of size. HED palatal data were compared with reference data obtained from 12 healthy boys with a complete deciduous dentition.
Results: Palatal length and height in both the sagittal and frontal planes were significantly reduced in HED as compared with control individuals. A less steep (not significant) palatal slope was found in HED than in reference subjects, whereas similar palatal width values were observed. All palatal measurements were larger in partially dentate than in edentulous patients. Both HED and edentulousness influenced palatal shape. The HED boys had a relatively lower palate than the reference boys. In the edentulous HED boys, the hard tissue palate was relatively lower than in partially dentate HED subjects.
Conclusions: Palatal size and shape were significantly modified by the presence of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, and the major alterations were found in edentulous HED subjects.
Congenital Missing Permanent Teeth in Korean Unilateral Cleft Lip and Alveolus and Unilateral Cleft Lip and Palate Patients
Authors: Baek Seung-Hak , Kim Na-Young 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To investigate the differences in the congenital missing teeth pattern in terms of tooth type (permanent maxillary lateral incisor [MLI] and maxillary second premolar [MSP]) and sidedness (cleft vs noncleft) between boys and girls in Korean unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) and unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) patients.
Materials and Methods: This study used the charts, models, radiographs, and intraoral photographs of 90 UCLA patients and 204 UCLP patients (ages 6 to 13 years). Binomial test, chi-square test, Fisher exact test, maximum likelihood analysis of variance, and the odds ratio were performed.
Results: According to the relationship between the congenital missing teeth pattern and the cleft type, the UCLP patients had 2.98 times more missing MLIs and 1.80 times more missing MSPs than did the UCLA patients. The MLI was congenitally missing more in boys than in girls, but the MSP showed the opposite tendency. Boys had a higher frequency of congenital missing MLIs and MSPs on the cleft side than did girls. However, on the noncleft side and both sides, girls had a higher frequency of congenital missing MLIs and MSPs than did boys. Results showed a gender-dominant pattern of congenital missing MLIs and MSPs.
Conclusion: These results suggest that gender and cleft type might affect the congenital missing teeth pattern in terms of tooth type and sidedness.
Effects of Cervical Headgear on Overbite against the Background of Existing Growth Patterns
Authors: Godt Arnim , Kalwitzki Matthias , Göz Gernot 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the questions “Does cervical headgear treatment necessarily lead to a reduction of overbite?” and “Are there differences in treatment results due to different growth patterns or the initial overbite?”
Materials and Methods: Initial and intermediary casts of 247 patients who had been treated exclusively with headgear were analyzed for changes in the occlusal relationship of the first molars and overbite. Orthodontic treatment consisted of the application of cervical headgear with nonangulated external arms applied at a force of 3.5–4.0 N. Only patients showing dental changes of occlusal relationship ≥4 mm during at least a 6-month treatment duration were selected. Growth patterns were identified by the y-axis values measured on lateral cephalograms obtained at study entry. Six groups were formed on the basis of these growth patterns.
Results: Headgear treatment induced bite deepening in patients with vertical growth patterns and bite opening in patients with horizontal growth patterns. Further subdivision based on initial overbite revealed bite deepening in patients with small initial overbite and bite opening in patients with large initial overbite. These differences were statistically significant (P &lt; .05). Only minor changes were observed in patients with an initial overbite of 3–4 mm.
Conclusions: Overbite reductions were not dependent on the growth pattern. Orthodontists should expect bite opening in deep-bite situations and bite deepening in open-bite situations. However, initial overbite situations of 3–4 mm should not be expected to change in a significant way.
Localizing modernity in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey
Authors: Turan Ömer 
Published: May 2007

Ildikó Bellér-Hann and Chris Hann, Turkish region: State, market, and social identities on the East Black Sea Coast. Oxford/Santa Fe: James Currey/School of American Research Center, 2001, 244 pp., ISBN 0-85255-279-3 (paperback).Micheal E. Meeker, A nation of empire: The Ottoman legacy of Turkish modernity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002, 420 pp., ISBN 0-520-22526-0 (paperback).
Book Reviews
Authors: Lund Christian , Buckley Anthony D. , Smith Gavin , Koster Martijn , Stahl Johannes , Tonkin Elizabeth , Steur Luisa 
Published: May 2007

Deema Kaneff, Who owns the past? The politics of time in a ‘model’ Bulgarian villageWilliam F. Kelleher Jr., The troubles in Ballybogoin: Memory and identity in Northern IrelandDon Kalb and Herman Tak, Critical junctions: Anthropology and history beyond the cultural turnJonathan Xavier Inda (ed.), Anthropologies of modernity: Foucault, governmentality, and life politicsTatjana Thelen, Privatisierung und soziale Ungleichheit in der osteuropäischen Landwirtschaft. Zwei Fallstudien aus Ungarn und RumänienAndré Celtel, Categories of self: Louis Dumont’s theory of the individualGerald Sider, Living Indian histories: Lumbee and Tuscarora people in North Carolina
Book Reviews
Authors: Bos Jaap , von Benda-Beckmann Keebet , Borsboom Ad , Richards Andrew , Nugent Stephen 
Published: May 2007

Anthony Elliott, Social theory since Freud: Traversing social imaginariesJames M. Donovan and H. Edwin Anderson, Anthropology and law by Keebet von Benda-BeckmannSilvie Poirier, A world of relationships: Itineraries, dreams, and events in the Australian Western desertRobert M. Fishman, Democracy’s voices: Social ties and the quality of public life in SpainGeorge Mentore, Of passionate curves and desirable cadences: Themes on Waiwai social being Suzanne Oakdale, I foresee my life: The ritual performance of autobiography in an Amazonian community
Total imprecision of exposure biomarkers: implications for calculating exposure limits
Authors: Grandjean Philippe , Budtz‐Jørgensen Esben 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundAssessment of the imprecision of exposure biomarkers usually focuses on laboratory performance only. Unrecognized imprecision leads to underestimation of the true toxicity of the exposure. We have assessed the total imprecision of exposure biomarkers and the implications for calculation of exposure limits.MethodsIn a birth cohort study, mercury concentrations in cord blood, cord tissue, and maternal hair were used as biomarkers of prenatal methylmercury exposure. We determined their mutual correlations and their associations with the child's neurobehavioral outcome variables at age 7 years. With at least three exposure parameters available, factor analysis and structural equation modeling could be applied to determine the total imprecision of each biomarker. The estimated imprecision was then applied to adjust benchmark dose calculations and the derived exposure limits.ResultsThe exposure biomarkers correlated well with one another, but the cord blood mercury concentration showed the best associations with neurobehavioral deficits. Factor analysis and structural equation models showed a total imprecision of the cord‐blood parameter of 25–30%, and almost twice as much for maternal hair. These imprecisions led to inflated benchmark dose levels. Adjusted calculations resulted in an exposure limit 50% below the level recommended by the U.S. National Research Council.ConclusionsThe biomarker imprecisions of 25–50% much exceeded normal laboratory variability. Such imprecision causes underestimation of dose‐related toxicity and therefore must be considered in the data analysis and when deriving exposure limits. Future studies should ideally include at least three exposure parameters to allow independent assessment of total imprecision. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:712–719, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gross enamel hypoplasia in molars from subadults in a 16th–18th century London graveyard
Authors: Ogden A.R. , Pinhasi R. , White W.J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDental Enamel Hypoplasia has long been used as a common nonspecific stress indicator in teeth from archaeological samples. Most researchers report relatively minor linear and pitted hypoplastic defects on tooth crown surfaces. In this work we report a high prevalence and early age of onset of extensive enamel defects in deciduous and permanent molars in the subadults from the post‐medieval cemetery of Broadgate, east central London. Analysis of the dentition of all 45 subadults from the cemetery, using both macroscopic and microscopic methods, reveals disturbed cusp patterns and pitted, abnormal and arrested enamel formation. Forty‐one individuals from this group (93.2%) showed some evidence of enamel hypoplasia, 28 of them showing moderate or extensive lesions of molars, deciduous or permanent (63.6% of the sample). Scanning Electron Microscope images reveal many molars with grossly deformed cuspal architecture, multiple extra cusps and large areas of exposed Tomes' process pits, where the ameloblasts have abruptly ceased matrix production, well before normal completion. This indented, rough and poorly mineralized surface facilitates both bacterial adhesion and tooth wear, and when such teeth erupt fully into the mouth they are likely to wear and decay rapidly. We suggest that this complex combination of pitted and plane‐form lesions, combined with disruption of cusp pattern and the formation of multiple small cusps, should henceforth be identified as “Cuspal Enamel Hypoplasia.” Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Controversy over the application of current socioecological models to folivorous primates: Colobus vellerosus fits the predictions
Authors: Saj Tania L. , Marteinson Sarah , Chapman Colin A. , Sicotte Pascale 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe explore the applicability of the current socio‐ecological model to characterize the social structure of Colobus vellerosus, a folivorous primate. The current socio‐ecological model predicts that female social relationships should respond in predictable ways to food abundance and distribution and associated competitive regimes. It appears to successfully explain variation in social structure in some primate species; however, recent research indicates that several folivorous or folivore‐frugivorous species seem to be exceptions. We present data on social relationships and social structure in two groups of C. vellerosus over 15 months at Boabeng‐Fiema, Ghana. As predicted by the model, our results indicate the co‐occurrence of 1) low levels of grooming between female C. vellerosus when compared with other species, 2) an absence of female coalitions over food, and 3) female dispersal. Taken together, these traits suggest a “Dispersal‐Egalitarian” species. However, our results also indicate female‐female affiliation was higher than male‐female affiliation, which was more indicative of a “female resident” species. Our data also suggests inter‐sexual affiliation varied among groups. This variation in inter‐sexual affiliation could be due to variation in the intensity of infanticidal threats between groups. The combination of these social characteristics lead us to conclude that C. vellerosus' social structure is largely congruent with the ecological indicators of food distribution and female competitive regime that we have previously documented, which indicated high quality foods were not monopolizable or usurpable and behavioral evidence of within‐group contest competition (i.e. supplantations over food) was rare. But the combination of higher female‐female affiliation (compared to male‐female) and female dispersal is difficult to explain in light of predictions, unless future work reveals female residency is more predominant than female dispersal in our population. We also discuss reasons why some folivores do not appear to fit the predictions of the current socio‐ecological model. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved maximum‐likelihood estimation for the common shape parameter of several Weibull populations
Authors: Yang Zhenlin , Lin Dennis K. J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe biasness problem of the maximum‐likelihood estimate (MLE) of the common shape parameter of several Weibull populations is examined in detail. A modified MLE (MMLE) approach is proposed. In the case of complete and Type II censored data, the bias of the MLE can be substantial. This is noticeable even when the sample size is large. Such a bias increases rapidly as the degree of censorship increases and as more populations are involved. The proposed MMLE, however, is nearly unbiased and much more efficient than the MLE, irrespective of the degree of censorship, the sample sizes, and the number of populations involved. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical stimulation of the growth plate: A potential approach to an epiphysiodesis
Authors: Dodge George R. , Bowen J. Richard , Oh Chang‐Wug , Tokmakova Keti , Simon Bruce J. , Aroojis Alaric , Potter Kristen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEpiphysiodesis is an operative procedure that induces bony bridges to form across a growth plate of a bone to stop longitudinal growth. This is a very common orthopedic procedure to correct disproportional long‐bone growth discrepancies; however, present techniques require an operation and anesthesia. Our study was designed to develop a minimally invasive method of epiphysiodesis by using electrical stimulation with DC current. In a rabbit model, a thin titanium electrode was inserted into a single location of the distal femoral growth plate in three groups: one without current (control), one group with a constant 10 µA (low current, LC), and one group with a 50 µA (high current, HC). The current was delivered for 2 weeks. The nontreated femur served as a control for each animal. Femur lengths were measured and comparisons were made between operated (left) and nonoperated (right) femurs. Digitized histomorphometric and volumetric analyses were performed on each growth plate, and detailed assessments were made of any morphological changes. Using length measurements, the difference in femur length was significantly larger in the HC group and not in the LC or control groups, showing bone growth inhibition at the higher current. In the HC group, bony bridges and disorganized growth plates were observed. This study shows that delivery of an electrical current of 50 µA for as little as 2 weeks can markedly affect bone growth as evidenced by changes in epiphyseal plate volume and architectural organization, and the study supports the use of this minimally invasive approach as a potential method of achieving an epiphysiodesis. Bioelectromagnetics 28:463–470, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Semen sialic acid surge and modulation of α‐L‐fucosidase activity: possible link to loss in reproductive capacity during trypanosomiasis
Authors: Oluyinka Okubanjo O. , Mairo Inuwa H. , Ajanusi Joseph A. , David Ogwu , Sekoni Victor , Nok Andrew J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe profiles of semen sialic acid and the enzyme α‐L‐fucosiadase were studied in rams undergoing chronic infection by Trypanosoma congolense. Our data showed a significant surge in the level of sialic acid with parasitaemia. The pattern followed a polynomial function we had reported for erythrocyte sialic acid in mice undergoing acute infection by T. congolense.1 The activity of the enzyme α‐fucosidase decreased progressively with approximately 60% decrease at the end of the 14 weeks of infection. Representative semen samples from the control and infected rams were subjected to kinetic characterization. While the uninfected semen sample showed two active pH peaks at 4.5–5.5 and at 6.8–7.2, respectively, there was an apparent shift to only a single pH optimum at 4.5–5.5 for the pathological semen. The fucosidases from both sources were optimally active at 35°C albeit with contrasting activation energies (Ea) with values 20.58 and 35 kJ/mol for the control and infected semen, respectively. Kinetic studies using methylumbelliferyl‐β‐fucoside (4MU‐Fuc) as substrate gave KM and Vmax values of 3.25 µM and 14.6 µmol. min−1 mg−1, respectively for the control semen. The values for the infected semen were 18.25 µM and 10.5 µmol. min−1 mg−1, respectively. The significance of these results is discussed as they relate to loss in reproductive capacity in trypanosomoses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymer Fibers as Carriers for Homogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Stasiak Michael , Studer Armido , Greiner Andreas , Wendorff Joachim H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a polymer fiber‐based approach for the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts. The goal is to generate products that are free of catalysts which would be of great importance for the development of optoelectronic or pharmaceutical compounds. Electrospinning was employed to prepare the non‐woven fiber assembly composed of polystyrene. The homogeneous catalyst scandium triflate was immobilized on the polystyrene fibers during electrospinning and on corresponding core shell fibers using a fiber template approach. An imino aldol and an aza‐Diels–Alder model reaction were carried out with each fibrous catalytic system. This resulted in the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts in a polymer environment without loss of their catalytic activity and may even be enhanced when compared with reactions carried out in homogeneous solutions.