bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ONTOGENY AND RELATIONSHIPS OF THE TRILOBITE PSEUDOPETIGURUS PRANTL AND PŘIBYL
Authors: WENWEI YUAN , FORTEY RICHARD A. , TURVEY SAMUEL T. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract:  The ontogeny of Pseudopetigurus deprati Turvey et al., 2006 from the Ordovician Dawan Formation (Arenigian), Anhui Province, South China, is described. The presence of an anterior cranidial border in Pseudopetigurus is recognized for the first time. On account of the short (tr.), spindle‐shaped anterior border, and the distinct, steeply inclined, wall‐like pygidial margin, Pseudopetigurus is assigned to the family Dimeropygidae, the first genus of this family endemic to Gondwana. It has previously been regarded as a member of family Isocolidae. Cladistic analysis of species assigned to Dimeropygidae supports the monophyly of a clade including Dimeropyge, Dimeropygiella, Ischyrotoma, Pseudohystricurus and Pseudopetigurus, which may represent a subfamily Dimeropyginae. The distribution of Dimeropyginae shows a predominantly palaeotropical distribution, while the Gondwana Pseudopetigurus must have diverged from the dimeropygine common ancestor in pre‐Arenigian time.
Preterm outcome table (POT): A simple tool to aid counselling parents of very preterm infants
Authors: BOLISETTY Srinivas , BAJUK Barbara , ME Abdel‐Latif , VINCENT Trina , SUTTON Lee , LUI Kei 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground:  Outcome figures published in scientific journals are often cumbersome and difficult to understand by parents during counselling before or immediately after a very premature birth.Aim:  To provide simplified up‐to‐date outcome information in a table for ease of counselling.Methods:  Regional perinatal mortality rates for very premature births (23–31 weeks gestation) and incidence of significant neonatal events for those admitted to neonatal intensive care units (NICU) were obtained from the NSW Midwives Data Collection, ACT Maternal and Perinatal Data Collection and the NSW and ACT NICUS Data Collection for 2000 and 2001. Neurodevelopmental outcome was obtained for the same cohort at 2–3 years of age, corrected for prematurity. The percentage outcomes were rounded off to the closest conservative multiple of 5 for each data point in a table.Results:  The preterm outcome table (POT) for each gestational week was constructed from a total of 2315 births. Of these, 401 (17.3%) were reported as stillborn and were predominantly of 23 to 25 weeks gestation. Of those admitted to NICU, hospital survival rates were 30, 50, 65, 75, 80, 90 and > 95% for 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28–29 and 30–31 weeks, respectively. Neurodevelopmental outcome was available for 470 (75%) children, of whom 15% had a moderate to severe functional disability at 2–3 years of age, corrected for prematurity. Simplified data on survival to discharge and outcome were tabulated.Conclusion:  POT appears simple and easy to use but also provides realistic data to assist clinicians in the counselling process.
Women's and health professionals’ preferences for prenatal testing for Down syndrome in Australia
Authors: LEWIS Sharon M. , CULLINANE Fiona M. , CARLIN John B. , HALLIDAY Jane L. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAim:  To describe and compare women's and health professionals’ preferences for prenatal screening tests for Down syndrome.Design:  Cross‐sectional questionnaire survey.Participants and setting:  Women (n = 322) attending for a glucose challenge test at 26 weeks gestation and health professionals (266 midwives and 34 obstetricians) at the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne, between 13 December 2002 and 30 April 2003.Outcome measures:  The relative value participants attach to attributes of Down syndrome screening tests as determined by conjoint analysis and ranking scales.Results:  Women and health professionals shared similar relative values regarding the importance of detection rate of screening tests, according to coefficients from conjoint analysis models. However, health professionals placed higher relative values on timing of prenatal tests and risk associated with the subsequent diagnostic test than did women. Comparison of coefficients suggests that, compared with health professionals, women would wait longer and accept a greater decrease in detection rate for a test if it was safer. Using the more traditional ranking scale, the safest test was ranked first by 56% of women while 47% of health professionals ranked a test with the highest detection rate first. Equal proportions (∼10%) in both groups ranked the earliest test first.Conclusion:  There is a general agreement between pregnant women and health professionals regarding the relative importance they attach to different attributes of a test. However, health professionals appeared to favour earlier timing of tests while women placed greater emphasis on safety. Utilising two different measures of preference demonstrated the complexity of decision‐making.
Clinicians’ evaluations of fetal oximetry sensor placement in a multicentre randomised trial (the FOREMOST trial)
Authors: EAST Christine E. , BRENNECKE Shaun P. , CHAN Fung Yee , KING James F. , BELLER Elaine M. , COLDITZ Paul B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground:  Fetal pulse oximetry (FPO) may improve the assessment of the fetal well‐being in labour. Reports of health‐care provider's evaluations of new technology are important in the overall evaluation of that technology.Aims:  To determine doctors’ and midwives’ perceptions of their experience placing FPO sensors.Methods:  We surveyed clinicians (midwives and doctors) following placement of a FPO sensor during the FOREMOST trial (multicentre randomised trial of fetal pulse oximetry). Clinicians rated ease of sensor placement (poor, fair, good and excellent). Potential influences on ease of sensor placement (staff category, prior experience in Birth Suite, prior experience in placing sensors, epidural analgesia, cervical dilatation and fetal station) were examined by ordinal regression.Results:  There were 281 surveys returned for the 294 sensor placement attempts (response rate 96%). Sensors were placed by midwives (29%), research midwives (48%), registrars (22%) and obstetricians (1%). The majority of clinicians had 1 or more years’ Birth Suite experience, had placed six or more sensors previously, and rated ease of sensor placement as good. Advancing fetal station (P < 0.001) and the presence of epidural analgesia prior to sensor placement (P = 0.029) predicted improved ease of sensor placement. Having a clinician placing a sensor for the first time predicted a lower rating for ease of sensor placement (P = 0.001), compared to having placed one or more sensors previously.Conclusions:  Clinicians with varying levels of Birth Suite experience successfully placed fetal oxygen saturation sensors, with the majority rating ease of sensor placement as good.
Male‐to‐female transsexualism: Laparoscopic pelvic floor repair of prolapsed neovagina
Authors: CONDOUS George , JONES Robert , LAM Alan M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe incidence of prolapse of the neovagina after male‐to‐female gender reassignment surgery is unknown. We present the first case of laparoscopic total pelvic floor repair in a male‐to‐female transsexual. This surgical procedure combined an understanding of the anatomy of the male pelvis with the principles of laparoscopic pelvic floor repair in the XX female.
A retrospective review of self‐reported alcohol intake among women attending for antenatal care in Far North Queensland
Authors: RIMMER Claire , DE COSTA Caroline 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground:  Fetal alcohol syndrome and fetal alcohol spectrum disorder are known to occur among children delivered to women in Far North Queensland; to date, the problem has not been quantified or related directly to maternal alcohol consumption during pregnancy.Aims:  To identify the characteristics of women who consume alcohol during pregnancy, in order to identify ‘high‐risk’ women to whom educational intervention regarding fetal alcohol syndrome may be targeted.Methods:  A retrospective descriptive study using the case notes of all women attending the antenatal booking clinic in Cairns Base Hospital over the 3‐month period from April to June 2005. Obstetric and demographic information and self‐reported alcohol intake before and during pregnancy were noted and self‐reported alcohol intake before and during pregnancy.Results:  Five hundred and forty‐one women were included in this study. Of these women, 24.6% were found to consume alcohol during pregnancy and 57.7% were found to consume alcohol before pregnancy, indicating a reduction in alcohol consumed once women became aware of pregnancy. The most significant indicator for alcohol consumption during pregnancy was found to be alcohol consumption before pregnancy. Of women who consumed alcohol in pregnancy, 71.5% drank moderate amounts of alcohol before pregnancy and 28.7% drank heavily before pregnancy.Conclusion:  Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is common in Far North Queensland. Methods currently used during antenatal booking visits to determine alcohol consumption before and during pregnancy are unreliable. Strategies to identify women consuming alcohol before and during pregnancy and education programs are vitally important if the incidence of fetal alcohol syndrome and spectrum disorder is to be reduced.
Ultrasound localisation and removal of non‐palpable Implanon implants
Authors: JAMES Phillip , TRENERY John 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground:  Implanon is the trade name for a contraceptive implant that releases etonogestrel over a 3‐year period. The rod is inserted into the subdermis of the upper arm. The implant should be palpable and easily removed through a small incision.Aims:  To determine whether ultrasound is an accurate means of localising and guiding removal of non‐palpable Implanon implants.Methods:  All patients referred to The Northern Hospital, between March 2002 and October 2005, for localisation and/or removal of their non‐palpable Implanon implants were included in this study. Ultrasound was used to locate the implants, the implant was considered localised when a linear echogenic rod with posterior acoustic shadowing was identified. When removal of the implant was requested and the implant was clear of neurovascular structures, blunt dissection was performed under ultrasound control and the implant was extracted. If the implant was considered too close to major neurovascular structures, the position of the implant was marked and the patient was referred for surgical removal.Results:  Thirty‐four women were included in the study. In 33 patients the implant was identified. In one patient no implant was found and its absence was confirmed by serum assay. Twenty‐four patients were referred for implant removal. In 20 patients the implant was successfully removed under ultrasound guidance. In the other four patients the implant was close to neurovascular structures. The position of the implants was marked and surgical removal was successfully performed.Conclusion:  Ultrasound is highly accurate at localising and guiding removal of non‐palpable Implanon implants.
Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections in pregnant urban Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women in northern Australia
Authors: PANARETTO Kathryn S. , LEE Heather M. , MITCHELL Melvina R. , LARKINS Sarah L. , MANESSIS Vivienne , BUETTNER Petra G. , WATSON David 
Published: May 2006

AbstractObjective:  To assess the prevalence of sexually transmitted infections (STI) in a cohort of pregnant urban Indigenous women and association of STI with preterm birth, low birthweight birth and perinatal mortality.Design:  Prospective intervention program in a cohort of women attending Townsville Aboriginal and Islander Health Services (TAIHS) for shared antenatal care between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2003 incorporating routine screening for chlamydia, gonorrhoea, trichomoniasis, hepatitis B and syphilis.Setting:  Townsville is a provincial urban centre with a regional Indigenous population of over 16 000.Participants:  Four hundred and fifty‐six pregnant women who were screened for bacterial STI and other viral infections.Main outcome measures:  Prevalence of STI, associated risk factors and perinatal outcomes.Results:  Of the 456 women, 403 (88.4%) were screened for chlamydia, gonorrhoea and trichomonas and 432 (94.7%) were screened for syphilis. A total of 92 cases of STI (20.2%, 95% CI 16.5–23.9) were detected, with 21 concurrent infection(s). The overall prevalence of chlamydia was 14.4%, gonorrhoea 6.1%, trichomoniasis 7.2% and infectious syphilis 2.5%. Predictors for STI were young age, harmful/hazardous alcohol use and unwanted pregnancy. Low birthweight and perinatal death were significantly associated with the presence of STI and infectious syphilis during pregnancy.Conclusion:  The prevalence of STI among pregnant women in this urban Indigenous community is high, suggesting that screening for STI should be included in all antenatal care protocols for Indigenous women in Australia. Strategies to reach the whole Indigenous community of child‐bearing age, especially those aged less than 25 years, are needed to improve perinatal outcome.
Intrauterine growth restriction and the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in umbilical vessels
Authors: YOSHIMATSU Jun , GOTO Kiyomi , NASU Kaei , NARAHARA Hisashi , MIYAKAWA Isao 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAims:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the proliferation of smooth muscle cells in umbilical vessels of fetuses affected by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to compare the findings with gestational age‐matched control cases.Methods:  Sixty umbilical cords from fetuses at 36–37 weeks gestation were examined. Fetuses were divided into three groups: group I, appropriate for dates birthweight; group II, IUGR with reassuring fetal status; and group III, IUGR with abnormal umbilical Doppler waveforms. Umbilical cords were immunostained with an antibody to proliferating cell nuclear antigen and Ki‐67; stained smooth muscle cells were subsequently counted. Smooth muscle cell density was determined by counting the total number of cells in a representative area of vessel wall and the wall thickness of each vessel was also measured.Results:  Proliferation marker‐positive cells were increased in the umbilical vessels of group II compared to group I, and there were more proliferating smooth muscle cells in the umbilical vessels of group III compared to the other two groups. The umbilical vessels of group III showed the highest smooth muscle cell density, but the wall thickness of all vessels was significantly thinner in group III than the other two groups.Conclusions:  This study showed overproliferation of smooth muscle cells in the umbilical vessel walls associated with IUGR. It is hypothesised that hypoxia might induce this overproliferation given the further proliferation in IUGR fetuses with abnormal umbilical Doppler waveforms. Coexistence of a high cell density and lean vessel walls suggests small smooth muscle cells in umbilical vessels with IUGR.
Human papillomavirus infection: An old disease, a new vaccine
Authors: GILES Michelle , GARLAND Suzanne 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) infection is common and causes a wide spectrum of disease. With recent advances in the development of prophylactic HPV vaccines, it is likely that these will be licensed for use in the near future. This review focuses on the science behind HPV vaccines, published clinical trial results for both prophylactic and therapeutic HPV vaccines, important issues relevant to implementation and cost‐effectiveness models of HPV vaccination programs. It may be that an HPV vaccine that protects against the complications of HPV infection such as cervical cancer will be one of the most significant public health initiatives of this decade.
Identification and characterisation of human endometrial stem/progenitor cells
Authors: GARGETT Caroline E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe human endometrium is a dynamic, cyclically regenerating tissue. Because adult stem cells are present in other regenerative tissues, a clonal analysis of purified endometrial epithelial and stromal cells derived from hysterectomy tissue was undertaken, as a first attempt to identify and characterise endometrial stem/progenitor cells. Rare populations of epithelial and stromal cells were clonogenic. Only those cells initiating large clones, 0.09% of epithelial cells and 0.02% of stromal cells, are likely to be endometrial stem/progenitor cells.
Asset Float and Speculative Bubbles
Authors: HONG HARRISON , SCHEINKMAN JOSÉ , XIONG WEI 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTWe model the relationship between asset float (tradeable shares) and speculative bubbles. Investors with heterogeneous beliefs and short‐sales constraints trade a stock with limited float because of insider lockups. A bubble arises as price overweighs optimists' beliefs and investors anticipate the option to resell to those with even higher valuations. The bubble's size depends on float as investors anticipate an increase in float with lockup expirations and speculate over the degree of insider selling. Consistent with the internet experience, the bubble, turnover, and volatility decrease with float and prices drop on the lockup expiration date.
Analysts' Selective Coverage and Subsequent Performance of Newly Public Firms
Authors: DAS SOMNATH , GUO RE‐JIN , ZHANG HUAI 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThis study examines the ability of analysts to forecast future firm performance, based on the selective coverage of newly public firms. We hypothesize that the decision to provide coverage contains information about an analyst's underlying expectation of a firm's future prospects. We extract this expectation by obtaining residual analyst coverage from a model of initial analyst following. We document that in the three subsequent years, initial public offerings with high residual coverage have significantly better returns and operating performance than those with low residual coverage. This evidence indicates analysts have superior predictive abilities and selectively provide coverage for firms about which their true expectations are favorable.
The Costs of Bankruptcy: Chapter 7 Liquidation versus Chapter 11 Reorganization
Authors: BRIS ARTURO , WELCH IVO , ZHU NING 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTOur paper explores a comprehensive sample of small and large corporate bankruptcies in Arizona and New York from 1995 to 2001. Bankruptcy costs are very heterogeneous and sensitive to the measurement method used. We find that Chapter 7 liquidations appear to be no faster or cheaper (in terms of direct expense) than Chapter 11 reorganizations. However, Chapter 11 seems to preserve assets better, thereby allowing creditors to recover relatively more. Our paper also provides a large number of further empirical regularities.
Capital Gains Tax Overhang and Price Pressure
Authors: JIN LI 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTI study whether the capital gains tax is an impediment to selling by some investors and if so, to what degree associated delayed selling affects stock prices. I find that selling decisions by institutions serving tax‐sensitive clients are sensitive to cumulative capital gains, a pattern not observed for institutions with predominantly tax‐exempt clients. Moreover, tax‐related underselling impacts stock prices during large earnings surprises for stocks held primarily by tax‐sensitive investors. The corresponding price reactions are less negative (more positive) with higher cumulative capital gains. This price pressure pattern is more severe when arbitrage is more costly.
Distance Constraints: The Limits of Foreign Lending in Poor Economies
Authors: MIAN ATIF 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTHow far does mobility of multinational banks solve problems of financial development? Using a panel of 80,000 loans over 7 years, I show that greater cultural and geographical distance between a foreign bank's headquarters and local branches leads it to further avoid lending to “informationally difficult” yet fundamentally sound firms requiring relational contracting. Greater distance also makes them less likely to bilaterally renegotiate, and less successful at recovering defaults. Differences in bank size, legal institutions, risk preferences, or unobserved borrower heterogeneity cannot explain these results. These distance constraints can be large enough to permanently exclude certain sectors of the economy from financing by foreign banks.
Child Care Subsidies and Employment Behavior Among Very‐Low‐Income Populations in Three States
Authors: Ficano Carlena K. Cochi , Gennetian Lisa A. , Morris Pamela A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractUsing merged administrative data from welfare reform evaluations in three states, we estimate the effects of child care subsidy use on the length of time it takes for a welfare applicant to move into substantial employment. Findings show that the use of a child care subsidy during an unemployed or marginally employed spell of welfare receipt is associated with between a 0.6 and 1.7 quarter (or 11% to 34%) reduction in the time to substantial employment in two of the three state samples. The positive influence of subsidy use on transitions to substantial employment is strongest for those welfare applicants with the lowest earnings who are mixing welfare and work prior to subsidy receipt.
The Impact of Child Care Subsidies on Single Mothers’ Work Effort
Authors: Crawford April 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAccess to affordable child care is a formidable barrier to employment for many families. Following passage of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) in 1996, funding for child care assistance increased dramatically. Using data from the National Survey of America’s Families (NSAF), the impact of child care subsidies on single mother’s work effort is evaluated. The results indicate that not only are women more likely to be employed when they receive child care subsidies, they are also more likely to be employed full time. Single mothers who reported receiving assistance with child care worked, on average, 9.4 hours more per week than mother’s who did not receive help. While growth in funding for child care has slowed in recent years, findings like the ones presented here highlight the importance of affordable child care in the employment decisions of mothers with young children.
The Reversal of Favorable Child Living Arrangement Trends of the Late 1990s
Authors: Primus Wendell E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDuring the late 1990s, there was a notable shift in child living arrangements toward two‐parent households and away from single parenthood. Whether due to economic factors, declining teen birth rates, welfare reform, or some other cultural cause or a combination of these factors, something happened in the 1990s that stabilized marriage rates and led to declines in single‐parent households. There was also considerable hope that the federal welfare reforms enacted in 1996 might be responsible for the change in these trends. However, since 2000, while the downward trend in teen births continues, the gains in percentage of children living with two parents have been virtually eliminated. This article carefully documents these recent trends, examines the relationship of recessions on child living arrangements, and concludes that it is impossible to disentangle the role of welfare reform from its broader economic, policy, and demographic context.