bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Promoting Science‐based Approaches to Teen Pregnancy Prevention: Proactively Engaging the Three Systems of the Interactive Systems Framework
Authors: Lesesne Catherine A. , Lewis Kelly M. , White Carla Poindexter , Green Diane C. , Duffy Jennifer L. , Wandersman Abraham 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn the field of teen pregnancy prevention many efficacious prevention programs are available but adoption of these programs is slow at the community level. In this article, we present a multi‐site, capacity‐building effort called the Promoting Science‐based Approaches to Teen Pregnancy Prevention project (PSBA) as a case example of a proactive application of the Interactive System Framework (ISF) for dissemination and implementation. The ISF is a multi‐system model leading to dissemination and implementation of science‐based prevention programming through the work of three interactive systems: The “Prevention Delivery,” “Prevention Support,” and “Prevention Synthesis & Translation” Systems. This article describes the proactive use of the ISF to conceptualize and bolster the PSBA program's goal of assisting local prevention partners in the use of science‐based approaches (SBA) to prevent teen pregnancy. PSBA uses all three systems of the ISF to facilitate practice improvements and offers valuable research opportunities to investigate factors related to dissemination and implementation processes across these systems. Describing our application of this framework highlights the feasibility of actively using the ISF to build prevention infrastructure and to guide large‐scale prevention promotion strategies in the area of teen pregnancy prevention. The program's ongoing evaluation is presented as an example of early efforts to develop an evidence base around the ISF. Research implications are discussed.
Peripheral blood gene expression profiling for cardiovascular disease assessment
Authors: Aziz Hamza , Zaas Aimee , Ginsburg Geoffrey S. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Whole blood gene expression profiling has the potential to be informative about dynamic changes in disease states and to provide information on underlying disease mechanisms. Having demonstrated proof of concept in animal models, a number of studies have now tried to tackle the complexity of cardiovascular disease in human hosts to develop better diagnostic and prognostic indicators. These studies show that genomic signatures are capable of classifying patients with cardiovascular diseases into finer categories based on the molecular architecture of a patient’s disease and more accurately predict the likelihood of a cardiovascular event than current techniques. To highlight the spectrum of potential applications of whole blood gene expression profiling approach in cardiovascular science, we have chosen to review the findings in a number of complex cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and myocardial infarction as well as thromboembolism, aortic aneurysm, and heart transplant.
Pediatric supracondylar humerus fractures: Treatment by type of orthopedic surgeon
Authors: Farley Frances A. , Patel Prerana , Craig Clifford L. , Blakemore Laurel C. , Hensinger Robert N. , Zhang Lingling , Caird Michelle S. 
Published: February 2008

Purpose Outcomes in children with supracondylar humerus fractures were stratified by type of treating orthopedic surgeon: pediatric orthopedic surgeon and nonpediatric orthopedic surgeon. Methods The outcome factors in 444 children examined included: open reduction rate, complications, postoperative nerve injury, repinning rate, need for physical therapy, and residual nerve palsy at final follow-up. Results For the severe fractures, significantly more fractures were treated by open reduction in the pediatric orthopedic surgeon group than in the nonpediatric orthopedic surgeon group. There were no other significant differences in outcomes between the fractures treated by the pediatric orthopedic surgeons and nonpediatric orthopedic surgeons. Conclusions This study supports the assertion that both pediatric and nonpediatric orthopedic surgeons in an academic setting have sufficient training, skill, and experience to treat these common injuries.
Infection pattern of the spirurid nematodeProtospirura numidica criceticolain the cricetid rodentAkodon azaraeon poultry farms of central Argentina
Authors: Miño M.H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe nematodeProtospirura numidica criceticolainfects the stomach of Neotropical cricetid rodents when they ingest infected arthropods. In North America, prevalence values fluctuated, showing marked peaks in desert habitats, while remaining low in humid environments. The infection pattern has not been studied in South American rodents. In this work, yearly infection byP. n. criceticolawas analysed in the South American cricetidAkodon azaraeseasonally captured from July 1998 to July 2000 and in March 2001 on poultry farms of a humid region of Argentina. Seasonal occurrence of third- and fourth-stage larvae and adults was recorded. Seasonal population and community parameters of the parasite were calculated. The occurrence of larval stages was confirmed for the four seasons. Prevalence fluctuated between 0 and 36% and did not show a seasonal pattern. It was not related to the abundance ofA. azarae(rs = 0.37) or to rainfall. In this humid region of Argentina, where food resources are diverse throughout the year, the omnivorousA. azaraemay have a variable diet so that infection can occur in the four seasons. Prevalence values were not very high, in accordance with observations in humid habitats of North America. The infection was also characterized by low intensity, abundance and dominance. Only 3.8% of the rodents were parasitized with three or more specimens of the parasite, and that was only in autumn. It is suggested that rodents can not overwinter successfully with a heavy biomass of stomach parasites.
Mental disorders among persons with arthritis: results
from the World Mental Health Surveys
Authors: He Y. , Zhang M. , Lin E. H. B. , Bruffaerts R. , Posada-Villa J. , Angermeyer M. C. , Levinson D. , de Girolamo G. , Uda H. , Mneimneh Z. , Benjet C. , Graaf R. de , Scott K. M. , Gureje O. , Seedat S. , Haro J. M. , Bromet E. J. , Alonso J. , Kovess V. , von Korff M. , Kessler R. 
Published: February 2008

BackgroundPrior studies in the USA have reported higher rates of mental disorders among
persons with arthritis but no cross-national studies have been conducted. In
this study the prevalence of specific mental disorders among persons with
arthritis was estimated and their association with arthritis across diverse
countries assessed.MethodThe study was a series of cross-sectional population sample surveys. Eighteen
population surveys of household-residing adults were carried out in 17
countries in different regions of the world. Most were carried out between
2001 and 2002, but others were completed as late as 2007. Mental disorders
were assessed with the World Health Organization (WHO)
World Mental Health–Composite International Diagnostic Interview
(WMH-CIDI). Arthritis was ascertained by self-report.
The association of anxiety disorders, mood disorders and alcohol use
disorders with arthritis was assessed, controlling for age and sex.
Prevalence rates for specific mental disorders among persons with and
without arthritis were calculated and odds ratios
(ORs) with 95% confidence intervals were
used to estimate the association.ResultsAfter adjusting for age and sex, specific mood and anxiety disorders occurred
among persons with arthritis at higher rates than among persons without
arthritis. Alcohol abuse/dependence showed a weaker and less
consistent association with arthritis. The pooled estimates of the age- and
sex-adjusted ORs were about 1.9 for mood disorders and for anxiety disorders
and about 1.5 for alcohol abuse/dependence among persons with
versus without arthritis. The pattern
of association between specific mood and anxiety disorders and arthritis was
similar across countries.ConclusionsMood and anxiety disorders occur with greater frequency among persons with
arthritis than those without arthritis across diverse countries. The
strength of association of specific mood and anxiety disorders with
arthritis was generally consistent across disorders and across
countries.
Cleaning and sterilisation of infant feeding equipment: a systematic review
Authors: Renfrew Mary J , McLoughlin Marie , McFadden Alison 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAimTo assess the clinical and cost-effectiveness of different methods of cleaning and sterilisation of infant feeding equipment used in the home.DesignSystematic review of studies from developed countries on the effectiveness of methods of cleaning and sterilisation of infant feeding equipment used in the home. A brief telephone survey of UK-based manufacturers of infant feeding equipment and formula to ascertain the evidence base used for their recommendations, and a comparison of current relevant guidelines in developed countries, informed the work.ResultsNational guidelines from six countries demonstrated variation and lack of evidence to support current guidance. Manufacturers did not report evidence of effectiveness to support their recommendations. Nine studies were identified; eight conducted between 1962 and 1985 and one in 1997. All had methodological weaknesses. Hand-washing was identified as fundamentally important. Health professionals were reported as not providing appropriate education on the importance and methods of cleaning and sterilisation. Mothers of subsequent babies and women from lower socio-economic groups were less likely to follow recommended procedures.ConclusionThere is a lack of good-quality evidence on effective ways of cleaning and sterilising infant feeding equipment in the home. The evidence base does not answer the question about which of the methods in common use is most effective or most likely to be used by parents. Hand-washing before handling feeding equipment remains important. Further research on the range of methods used in the home environment, including assessment of the views of parents and carers, is required.
TCHR: a framework for tabled CLP
Authors: SCHRIJVERS TOM , DEMOEN BART , WARREN DAVID S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTabled Constraint Logic Programming is a powerful execution mechanism for dealing with Constraint Logic Programming without worrying about fixpoint computation. Various applications, e.g. in the fields of program analysis and model checking, have been proposed. Unfortunately, a high-level system for developing new applications is lacking, and programmers are forced to resort to complicated ad hoc solutions.This papers presents TCHR, a high-level framework for tabled Constraint Logic Programming. It integrates in a light-weight manner Constraint Handling Rules (CHR), a high-level language for constraint solvers, with tabled Logic Programming. The framework is easily instantiated with new application-specific constraint domains. Various high-level operations can be instantiated to control performance. In particular, we propose a novel, generalized technique for compacting answer sets.
Comparison of gd-dtpa-induced signal enhancements in rat brain c6 glioma among different pulse sequences in 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sato H. , Enmi J. , Teramoto N. , Hayashi T. , Yamamoto A. , Tsuji T. , Naito H. , Iida H. 
Published: February 2008

Background: T1-shortening contrast media are routinely used in magnetic resonance (MR) examinations for the diagnosis of brain tumors. Although some studies show a benefit of 3 Tesla (T) compared to 1.5T in delineation of brain tumors using contrast media, it is unclear which pulse sequences are optimal. Purpose: To compare gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd-DTPA)-induced signal enhancements in rat brain C6 glioma in the thalamus region among different pulse sequences in 3T MR imaging. Material and Methods: Five rats with a surgically implanted C6 glioma in their thalamus were examined. T1-weighted brain images of the five rats were acquired before and after Gd-DTPA administration (0.1 mmol/kg) using three clinically available pulse sequences (spin echo [SE], fast SE [FSE], fast spoiled gradient echo [FSPGR]) at 3T. Signal enhancement in the glioma (ET) was calculated as the signal intensity after Gd-DTPA administration scaled by that before administration. Pulse sequences were compared using the Tukey-Kramer test. Results: ET was 1.12±0.05 for FSE, 1.26±0.11 for FSPGR, and 1.20±0.11 for SE. FSPGR showed significantly higher signal enhancement than FSE and comparable enhancement to SE. Conclusion: FSPGR is superior to FSE and comparable to SE in its ability to delineate rat brain C6 glioma in the thalamus region.
Digital amorphous silicon flat-panel detector radiography at different exposure doses versus mammography film: possibility of radiation dose reduction in detecting rheumatologic bone defects
Authors: Zähringer M. , Reineck S. , Perniok A. , Krüger K. , Andermahr J. , Rubbert A. , Winnekendonk G. 
Published: February 2008

Background: Radiographic examinations of the skeleton are the most commonly performed radiologic procedures, even outnumbering examinations of the chest. The imaging systems used in skeletal radiography must meet high standards in terms of contrast and spatial resolution to effectively visualize the high contrast between bone and soft tissue as well as fine bone structures. Purpose: To determine the performance of amorphous silicon flat-panel detector radiography compared to mammography film in detecting rheumatologic bone defects at different exposure doses. Material and Methods: The study enrolled 44 patients with known or presumed skeletal changes of the hand associated with inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Following a clinically indicated radiographic examination of the peripheral extremities using mammography film, a survey radiograph of one hand was taken in the posteroanterior (PA) view by digital radiography, at the same exposure dose and at a dose reduced to one quarter of the mammography film doses. Four independent radiologists scored the resultant images using the Sharp/van der Heijde and Ratingen scoring methods. The study received University of Cologne Ethics Committee and German Federal Radiation Protection Agency approval. Results: Compared to mammography film, digital flat-panel detector radiography produced a significantly better image quality at identical uptake doses. A greater number of erosions were detected with the digital flat-panel detector than with mammography film at the same and at reduced doses. Conclusion: Although the spatial resolution of the digital flat-panel system used in this study was poorer than mammography film, this was compensated for by its wider dynamic range and improved contrast resolution, even at the reduced dose.
Cost-effectiveness analysis (cea) of intravenous urography (ivu) and unenhanced multidetector computed tomography (mdct) for initial investigation of suspected acute ureterolithiasis
Authors: Eikefjord E. , Askildsen J. E. , Rørvik J. 
Published: February 2008

Background: It is important to compare the cost and effectiveness of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and intravenous urography (IVU) to determine the most cost-effective alternative for the initial investigation of acute ureterolithiasis. Purpose: To analyze the task-specific variable costs combined with the diagnostic effect of MDCT and IVU for patients with acute flank pain, and to determine which is most cost effective. Material and Methods: 119 patients with acute flank pain suggestive of stone disease (ureterolithiasis) were examined by both MDCT and IVU. Variable costs related to medical equipment, consumption material, equipment control, and personnel were calculated. The diagnostic effect was assessed. Results: The variable costs of MDCT versus IVU were EUR 32 and EUR 117, respectively. This significant difference was mainly due to savings in examination time, higher annual examination frequency, lower material costs, and no use of contrast media. As for diagnostic effect, MDCT proved considerably more accurate in the diagnosis of stone disease than IVU and markedly more accurate concerning differential diagnoses. Conclusion: MDCT had lower differential costs and a higher capacity to determine correctly stone disease and differential diagnoses, as compared to IVU, in patients with acute flank pain. Consequently, MDCT is a dominant alternative to IVU when evaluated exclusively from a cost-effective perspective.
Coraco- or costoclavicular paraosteoarthropathies in patients with severe central neurological disorders
Authors: Lacout A. , Mompoint D. , Perrier Y. , Vallee C. A. , Carlier R. Y. 
Published: February 2008

Background: Paraosteoarthropathy (POA) is a frequent disabling orthopedic complication after severe central neurological impairment. The hip is the most frequently affected joint (32.1%) followed by the elbow and the shoulder (25%). Purpose: To evaluate coraco- and costoclavicular paraosteoarthropathy in patients with severe central neurological disorders. Material and Methods: We report a series of five consecutive patients with severe central neurological disorders who developed a POA of the clavicular region (coracoclavicular or costoclavicular POA). Every patient underwent a clinical, radiological, and computed tomographic (CT) examination of the shoulder region. Results: Four patients had a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), and one an acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). They developed POA of the clavicular region, although not around the glenohumeral joint. The patients complained of shoulder pain and of moderate limitation of movements. Radiological and CT examinations showed the presence of a bony formation in the coracoclavicular space in four cases and extending from the clavicle to the first rib around the costoclavicular joint in one case. Conclusion: In patients with severe brain lesions suffering from shoulder pain and moderate limitation of joint movements, POAs of the clavicular region are rare but should be considered.
Three-dimensional time-of-flight (3d tof) magnetic resonance angiography (mra) and contrast-enhanced mra of intracranial aneurysms treated with platinum coils
Authors: Wikström J. , Ronne-Engström E. , Gal G. , Enblad P. , Tovi M. 
Published: February 2008

Background: Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (CE-MRA) is less prone to flow-related signal intensity loss than three-dimensional time-of-flight (3D TOF) MRA and may therefore be more sensitive for detection of residual patency in platinum coil-treated intracranial aneurysms. Purpose: To compare MRA and CE-MRA in the follow-up of intracranial aneurysms treated with platinum coils. Material and Methods: CE-MRA and 3D TOF MRA (pre- and postcontrast injection) of the intracranial vasculature was performed at 1.5T in 38 patients (47 aneurysms) referred for DSA in the follow-up of coiled intracranial aneurysms. Results: DSA showed aneurysm patency in 22/47 investigations. Patent aneurysm components were observed with CE-MRA in 18/22 cases, and with 3D TOF MRA in 21/22 cases. There was no significant difference in patent aneurysm component size between CE-MRA and 3D TOF MRA. In addition, CE-MRA showed six, 3D TOF MRA before contrast injection showed seven, and 3D TOF MRA after contrast injection showed eight cases with patent aneurysm components not observed on DSA. Conclusion: 3D TOF MRA was highly sensitive for detection of patent aneurysm components, and at least as sensitive as CE-MRA. Residual aneurysm patency seems to be better visualized with MRA than with DSA in some cases.
Ankle brachial index <0.9 underestimates the prevalence of peripheral artery occlusive disease assessed with whole-body magnetic resonance angiography in the elderly
Authors: Wikström J. , Hansen T. , Johansson L. , Lind L. , Ahlström H. 
Published: February 2008

Background: Whole-body magnetic resonance angiography (WBMRA) permits noninvasive vascular assessment, which can be utilized in epidemiological studies. Purpose: To assess the relation between a low ankle brachial index (ABI) and high-grade stenoses in the pelvic and leg arteries in the elderly. Material and Methods: WBMRA was performed in a population sample of 306 subjects aged 70 years. The arteries below the aortic bifurcation were graded after the most severe stenosis according to one of three grades: 0–49% stenosis, 50–99% stenosis, or occlusion. ABI was calculated for each side. Results: There were assessable WBMRA and ABI examinations in 268 (right side), 265 (left side), and 258 cases (both sides). At least one ⩾50% stenosis was found in 19% (right side), 23% (left side), and 28% (on at least one side) of the cases. The corresponding prevalences for ABI <0.9 were 4.5%, 4.2%, and 6.6%. An ABI cut-off value of 0.9 resulted in a sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value of 20%, 99%, 83%, and 84% on the right side, and 15%, 99%, 82%, and 80% on the left side, respectively, for the presence of a ⩾50% stenosis in the pelvic or leg arteries. Conclusion: An ABI <0.9 underestimates the prevalence of peripheral arterial occlusive disease in the general elderly population.
Neonatal hip instability: a prospective comparison of clinical examination and anterior dynamic ultrasound
Authors: Finnbogason T. , Jorulf H. , Söderman E. , Rehnberg L. 
Published: February 2008

Background: Ultrasound is increasingly being used to complement the clinical examination in assessing neonatal hip instability. The clinical examination, although highly sensitive in detecting hip instability, can lead to considerable overtreatment. Purpose: To compare anterior dynamic ultrasound and clinical examination in the assessment of neonatal hip instability and regarding treatment rates. Material and Methods: 536 newborn infants (out of a population of 18,031) were selected, on the basis of a combination of risk factors, clinical signs of hip instability or ambiguous clinical findings, to undergo an anterior dynamic ultrasound examination of the hip, by a method developed by our group. This examination, performed by one out of seven experienced examiners, was compared with the standard clinical hip examination conducted by one of four pediatric orthopedic surgeons. The clinical examination was carried out both prior to and within a few hours after the ultrasound examination. Results: The clinical examination diagnosed 81.7% of the hips as normal, 14.5% as unstable, and 3.8% as dislocatable or dislocated. With the dynamic ultrasound method, the corresponding figures were 87.8%, 10.4%, and 1.8%, respectively. Use of the criteria of the clinical examination resulted in treatment of 147 infants. Using the dynamic ultrasound examination as a criterion meant that 87 infants would receive treatment. The calculated treatment rate was 0.85% when based on the clinical stress test and 0.49% when based on the dynamic ultrasound. Conclusion: The dynamic ultrasound results reduced the treatment rate by over 40% when used as a basis for the decision regarding treatment.