bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTION OF DIETHYLSTILBOESTROL ON MOUSE VAGINAL SIALIC ACIDS (I)
Authors: Carlborg Lars 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Diethylstilboestrol administered in lower doses than necessary to induce full vaginal cornification in spayed mice, resulted in vaginal mucification. The thickness of the layer of mucous cells was found to be dose dependent; it was low in the controls, reached a maximum at a dose of 0.02 μg, but full cornification and absence of mucification was present at 0.05 μg. Sialic acid was present in the mucoproteins, and determination of the total amount of sialic acid per vagina showed a close relationship to the histologically evaluated degree of mucification. The ratio between total sialic acid per vagina and vaginal weight (»sialic acid concentration«) gave a dose response curve with a λ value of −0.061. The possibility of using this parameter for oestrogen assay is discussed.
THE GROWTH OF THE VENTRAL PROSTATE THE DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE, THE COAGULATING GLANDS AND THE SEMINAL VESICLES IN CASTRATED MALE RATS INJECTED WITH ACTH AND/OR INSULIN
Authors: Tisell Lars-Eric , Angervall Lennart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth of the ventral and the dorsolateral prostate, the coagulating glands, seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle was studied in castrated male rats after fifteen days of daily injections with ACTH or insulin alone, or in combination. ACTH was given in a dose of 8 IU daily. Insulin was administered in increasing daily doses, i. e. regular insulin up to 8 IU and protamine zinc insulin up to 10 IU.
After ACTH treatment there were variable histological signs of stimulation of the dorsolateral prostate, while the other accessory reproductive organs showed no response. Regular insulin produced no quantitative or morphological changes in the accessory reproductive organs, and no morphological signs of increased secretion of the adrenal steroids. Administration of ACTH and regular insulin in combination stimulated the growth of all the accessory reproductive organs. Protamine zinc insulin produced prolonged hypoglycaemia and morphological signs of increase secretion of adrenal steroids, thus the adrenals became enlarged and the thymus atrophic. Protamine zinc insulin stimulated growth of all the accessory reproductive organs, a stimulation which was further accentuated after combination with ACTH.
Possible mechanisms for the action of insulin on the male accessory reproductive organs are discussed.
The varying response of the different parts of the prostate and the seminal vesicles emphasizes the importance of the simultaneous examination of these organs.
SIALIC ACID CONTENT AND SPERM RECEPTIVITY OF CERVICAL MUCUS IN RELATION TO OESTROGEN EXCRETION FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF FSH
Authors: Carlborg L. , Gemzell C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The cervical mucus was studied with regard to changes in sialic acid content and sperm receptivity. The data were correlated with the urinary total oestrogen excretion in anovulatory women treated with human pituitary gonadotrophins (HPG). With increasing total oestrogen excretion the sialic acid content decreased and the sperm receptivity increased. At a total oestrogen level of about 60 μg/24 h the respective patterns of the curves were reversed and higher values for total oestrogen were actually associated with a decrease in sperm receptivity and an increase in sialic acid content. The possible significance of these observations is discussed.
DECREASED ALDOSTERONE PRODUCTION BY RAT ADRENAL TISSUE IN VITRO DUE TO TREATMENT WITH 9α-FLUOROCORTISOL, DEXAMETHASONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN IN VIVO
Authors: Müller Jürg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Quartered adrenal glands of rats treated with 9α-fluorocortisol, dexamethasone or adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) for two weeks were found to produce 70–90% less aldosterone in vitro than the adrenal tissue of untreated animals. The same fractional decreases in aldosterone production were observed when the adrenal tissue was incubated under basal conditions or was stimulated by serotonin, potassium ions or ACTH. In rats kept on a sodium-deficient diet, treatment with dexamethasone and ACTH, respectively, impaired aldosterone production to the same extent as in rats on a normal sodium intake, whereas treatment with 9α-fluorocortisol was almost completely ineffective. These results indicate that inhibition of aldosterone secretion by an exogenous mineralocorticosteroid is mediated by changes in sodium balance. On the other hand, high levels of exogenous or endogenous glucocorticosteroids apparently decrease aldosterone production by a yet unknown control mechanism which is independent of sodium intake.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Pasqualini J. R. , Lowy J. , Albepart T. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Incubation of labelled pregnenolone with adrenal slices from two midgestation foetuses resulted in the formation of 21-hydroxypregnenolone, but no progesterone was detected. Incubation of labelled 21-hydroxypregnenolone yielded both deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone.
When two midgestation foetuses were perfused with labelled 21-hydroxypregnenolone, deoxycorticosterone and corticosterone were isolated from their adrenals.
In situ perfusion of two midgestation placentas at laparotomy with 21-hydroxypregnenolone yielded large quantities of deoxycorticosterone both in the placentas and perfusates. Following a single cycle perfusion more than 50% of the radioactive material recovered from the placentas and more than 10% of that recovered from the perfusates was in the form of deoxycorticosterone.
A scheme is presented describing the »Δ5 pathway« of corticosteroid biosynthesis in the adrenals of perfused previable foetuses at midgestation.
BONE FORMATION IN HYPERCORTISONISM
Authors: Jowsey Jenifer , Riggs B. Lawrence 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bone formation has been reported to be both low and high in hypercortisonism. The present report describes our efforts to elucidate this controversy. Five patients with hypercortisonism were given tetracycline to evaluate both the level and the rate of formation of new bone tissue. Specimens of bone were taken for biopsy. Measurements showed that the rate of formation is normal but the level is low, while resorption of bone is elevated. The study thus established that the abnormality of bone turnover in this disorder is of a depressed level of formation accompanied by increased resorption.
BINDING OF ANDROGEN TO COMPONENTS OF RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE NUCLEI IN VITRO
Authors: Unhjem Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following incubation of rat ventral prostate slices with [1,2-3H]testosterone in vitro, radioactive material is found to be associated with the nuclei. Sodium chloride extraction of the nuclei removes macromolecules which might at least partially be responsible for this association. These macromolecules are probably components of the nuclear chromatin. Analyses of the radioactive material indicate that the major portion consists of dihydrotestosterone* and to a lesser extent of testosterone.
All the radioactive material is linked non-covalently to the nuclear components responsible for the association.
ACETATE AND CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT AT MIDGESTATION.
Authors: Telegdy G. , Weeks J. W. , Lerner U. , Stakemann G. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
As the first part of a series of investigations on acetate and cholesterol metabolism, the conversion of acetate to cholesterol was studied in the various compartments of the midgestation foeto-placental unit in perfusion experiments carried out for 90 min at 35–36°C.
Following their removal at laparotomy two complete foeto-placental units were perfused each with 5.0 mCi of uniformly labelled sodium acetate-14C + 5.0 mCi of cholesterol-7α-3H. The study was completed by the separate perfusion of two isolated midgestation foetuses and two midgestation placentas. The doses administered in each of these four last experiments were 2.5 mCi of 14C-labelled acetate and 2.5 mCi of 3H-labelled cholesterol.
Cholesterol was isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form from each of the tissues studied.
The cholesterol isolated from the placentas, placental perfusates and from the blood bathing the placenta from the maternal side (»maternal perfusates«) contained exclusively 3H-label. On the other hand, the cholesterol isolated from all foetal livers, adrenals, testicles, 3 of 4 residual foetal tissues and 1 out of 4 foetal perfusates also contained significant quantities of 14C-label.
It is concluded, that the midgestation human placenta is not capable of synthesizing cholesterol from acetate, but that the conversion of acetate to cholesterol is a quantitatively significant metabolic pathway in the human foetus at midgestation.
ACETATE AND CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT AT MIDGESTATION
Authors: Telegdy G. , Weeks J. W. , Archer D. F. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Two complete foeto-placental units were perfused at midgestation with 5.0 mCi of uniformly labelled 14C-sodium acetate plus 5.0 mCi of cholesterol-7α-3H and two isolated foetuses were perfused with 2.5 mCi of 14C-labelled sodium acetate plus 2.5 mCi of cholesterol-7α-3H. The perfusions were carried out at 35–36°C for 90 min. The foetal adrenals, livers, testes and perfusates were analyzed and various labelled steroids were isolated in a radiochemically homogeneous form.
Major quantities of 14C- and 3H-labelled pregnenolone (3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one) and dehydroepiandrosterone (3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one) were isolated from the foetal perfusates, livers and adrenals. Minor amounts of 14C- and 3H-labelled progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) were isolated from the perfusates and adrenals, and 17α-hydroxy-progesterone (17α-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) and androstenedione (androst-4-ene-3,17-dione) from the perfusates. Smaller amounts of exclusively 14C-labelled androstenedione were isolated also from the adrenals. No labelled progesterone, androstenedione or testosterone (17β-hydroxy-androst-4-en-3-one) was detected in the testes. Attempts to isolate 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one) or 20β-dihydroprogesterone (20β-hydroxy-pregn-4-en-3-one) from the perfusates, adrenals and livers failed. No labelled cortisol (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) or corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) was detected in the adrenals, and no testosterone, oestrone (3-hydroxy-oestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-one) or 16α-hydroxy-dehydroepiandrosterone (3β,16α-dihydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one) in the perfusates.
Pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone (which were present in approximately equal amounts) accounted for as much as 95% of all steroids isolated from all sources. The bulk of these two steroids was isolated from the perfusates. The 14C/3H ratio of the pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone isolated from the conjugated fraction of the perfusates was much higher than that of the unconjugated compounds.
It is concluded that the midgestation human foetus is capable per se of carrying out the de novo synthesis of major quantities of pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone. It is suggested that in foetal steroidogenesis acetate is utilized predominantly via a conjugated pathway and circulating cholesterol mainly via an unconjugated pathway.
PLASMA INSULIN LEVELS IN NORMAL HUMAN FOETUSES
Authors: Thorell Jan I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Immunoreactive insulin was measured in plasma collected from human foetuses at gestational ages of 15-26 weeks, as well as from their mothers. In the fasting stage, the mean insulin concentration in the foetal heart was 29 μU/ml (range 6-74 μU/ml) and in the umbilical vessels 19 μU/ml (range 10-36 μU/ml. The corresponding maternal value was 11 μU/ml (range 6-30 μU/ml). After giving the mothers a glucose load, the maternal insulin level increased considerably, but no change was found in the foetal plasma. There was no correlation between foetal weight and foetal plasma insulin level.
HORMONAL STIMULATION OF PROTEASE INHIBITOR ACTIVITY IN ENDOMETRIAL SECRETION DURING EARLY PREGNANCY
Authors: Beier Henning M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of oestrogen and gestagen on the protease inhibitor activity in endometrial secretion during early pregnancy in the rabbit was studied by means of fibrin agar electrophoresis and trypsin diffusion. Secretion specimens were obtained by flushing uterine cornua from 24 animals, sacrificed on day 6 post coitum (p. c.). Administration of 17β-oestradiol, progesterone, and both hormones combined enhanced the protease inhibitor activity of endometrial secretion. Uterine specific protease inhibitors have been called uterus-antitrypsins (U-AT1 and U-AT2). Hormonal stimulation of these inhibitors is discussed in relation to their possible involvement in general sterility, retardation of blastocyst development, and failure of the normal implantation mechanisms.
USE OF THE ACHILLES-TENDON REFLEX IN THYROID CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
Authors: Jonckheer M. , Blockx P. , Molter F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The contraction-times of the ankle-jerks of 1454 patients were statistically analysed.
It was found that the mean of the contraction-times of the ankle-jerks in a given group of subjects is highly representative of the net thyroid activity at the end-organ level of this group.
This measurement enabled us to show:
a highly significant difference between euthyroid males and females. a steadily increasing lengthening of the reflex with age, up to around 40 years old in females, at which time it probably remains constant. a steadily increasing lengthening of the reflex with age in males, even after 40 years of age. a significant difference between euthyroid non-goitrous subjects and »euthyroid« goitrous patients, suggesting that the peripheral thyroid state of these latter patients should be reconsidered.
Because the ankle-jerk, used on a statistical basis, is capable of detecting small clinical differences and because of the simplicity of its assessment, it is suggested that this could be utilised as an index of the peripheral thyroid state, together with the other parameters of thyroid metabolism, for the study of thyroid function as a whole.
EFFECTS OF DEXAMETHASONE ON LIPID MOBILIZATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Krotkiewski M. , Krotkiewska J. , Björntorp P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of acute and prolonged dexamethasone administration on adipose tissue lipid metabolism were studied, by injection of dexamethasone into rats in vivo and the investigation of adipose tissue in vitro. While increasing doses of dexamethasone (evaluated 4 hours after injection) resulted in an increase of lipolysis, chronic dexamethasone administration induced significant suppression of lipolysis together with an increase in plasma insulin. When evaluated 4 hours after injection, lipolysis increase was first observed after a dose of 3μg and became progressively more marked when higher doses were used. Re-esterification however, did not contribute to the inhibition of lipid mobilization.
Prolonged dexamethasone administration induced retardation of weight gain and growth, explainable at least in part by a decrease in food intake and a decrease of muscle weight, while the weight of the liver and adipose tissue was unchanged.
ELEKTRONENMIKROSKOPISCHE DARSTELLUNG EINER STEROID-SULPHATASE MIT DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERON SULPHAT IN DER NEBENNIERENRINDE DER RATTE
Authors: Schwarz W. , Spors S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In adrenals of rats steroid-sulphatase (sterol-sulphate sulfohydrolase, EC 3.1.6.2) has been demonstrated with the substrate dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA)- sulphate. Electron microscopically this steroid-sulphatase is located at the tubulus membranes of mitochondria. The intertubular matrix and the outer membrane of mitochondria do not contain any DHA-sulphatase activity.
THE EFFECTS OF SOME ANTIOESTROGENS ON THE UPTAKE OF [6,7-3H]17β-OESTRADIOL BY TISSUES OF THE DOMESTIC FOWL
Authors: Hawkins R. A. , Heald P. J. , Swain M. , Taylor P. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Groups of laying domestic fowl were injected intramuscularly with doses of 1.2, 2.5 and 10.0 mg DMS (dimethylstilboestrol)/kg body weight for 7 days. No effect on the laying pattern was detected.
The effect of intravenously administered DMS was examined at two dose levels on the distribution of radioactivity after the administration of tritiated oestradiol to the laying hen. At a level of 1 mg/kg body weight, DMS accelerated the rate of clearance of radioactivity from the plasma relative to that in control birds which received only injection vehicle in place of DMS. At the level 10 mg/kg body weight, DMS produced the reverse effect, i. e. a decrease in the rate of clearance of radioactivity from the plasma, with a corresponding, significant increase in the levels of radioactivity in all tissues examined (pituitary, median eminence, cerebral cortex and magnum).
Doses of progesterone and testosterone propionate which would retard oviposition, when administered iv to hens 20 hours prior to the normal time of oviposition, were selected. The immediate effects (1.5 min later) of these compounds on the distribution of radioactivity after the administration of tritiated oestradiol were determined. Neither testosterone propionate (5 mg/kg body weight) nor progesterone (1 mg/kg body weight) affected the clearance of radioactivity from the plasma, and in the remaining tissues examined, only the uptake of radioactivity by the magnum was affected by either hormone: on a blood basis, the uptake of radioactivity in this tissue was depressed by the prior administration of testosterone propionate.
STRAIN VARIATION IN THE ASSAY OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE BY THE OVARIAN AUGMENTATION TEST IN MICE
Authors: Bell E. T. , Christie D. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Assays of follicle-stimulating hormone from the National Institutes of Health (NIH-FSH-S4) and the Second International Reference Preparation for Human Menopausal Gonadotrophin (IRP-HMG) have been conducted by the mouse ovarian augmentation test in animals of nine strains from five mouse breeders.
Two groups of 50 mice from each colony were used to assay NIH-FSH and the Second IRP-HMG. In the experiment with NIH-FSH dosages of 37.5 to 300.0 μg were given together with 40 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in three or five sc injections over three days. When the Second IRP-HMG was assayed dosages of 0.19 to 1.5 IU were administered in five injections with 20 or 40 IU HCG.
Little or no ovarian weight increase occurred following NIH-FSH in six out of nine colonies. In the remaining three the index of precision (λ) was very high. Following administration of the Second IRP-HMG a greater increase in ovarian weight occurred but a satisfactory slope was noted in only three colonies. The λ figures were generally lower than with NIH-FSH.
It is concluded, that under the conditions used, six out of the nine colonies were not suitable for the assay of FSH by the ovarian augmentation test. Further work would be required to study the reliability criteria of the assay in the remaining three colonies.
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT DOSES OF PREDNISOLONE AND ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIC HORMONE (ACTH) ON LYMPHATIC LUNG CLEARANCE AND ON EXPERIMENTAL SILICOSIS
Authors: Göthe Carl-Johan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of three doses of prednisolone and ACTH respectively on the weight of the body, the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes was studied on rats killed one month after the intratracheal (i.t.) injection of 50 mg of fine-particulate quartz. The prednisolone was administered via the drinking water, and the ACTH was injected intraperitoneally during the period between the i.t. injection of quartz dust and the killing of the animals.
Prednisolone causes the rats to become cachectic and reduces the weight of the hilar lymph nodes. It also retards the transport of quartz dust from the lungs via the lymphatics. All these effects increase with increasing doses of prednisolone. However, its effect on the lung weight is insignificant.
ACTH does not affect the body weight, but retards the weight increase of the lungs and the hilar lymph nodes. These effects increase with increasing doses of ACTH, and seem to be connected with an ability of ACTH to promote the clearance of quartz dust from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes. The method used, however, does not make it possible to differentiate quantitatively between any ACTH effects on the bronchogenie and lymphatic lung-clearance mechanisms. Available data, however, indicate that the stimulation of the dust transport from the lungs and hilar lymph nodes is, at least to some extent, related to the lymphatic system.
QUANTITATIVE UNTERSUCHUNGEN ÜBER DEN JODIDTRANSPORT IN ENDEMISCHEN KRÖPFEN UND GESUNDEN SCHILDDRÜSEN
Authors: Riccabona G. , Obendorf L. , Huber P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a series of in vitro studies an attempt was made to quantitate thyroidal iodide transport in goitres and normal thyroid glands. All the specimens were obtained from patients living in an endemic goitre area. The iodide transport capacity was shown to be higher in normal thyroid tissue than in goitres. These findings in diseased glands represent an obvious impairment of the adaptation mechanism to iodine deficiency, and can explain the growth of goitres when iodide supply is only slightly diminished.
As thyroidal iodide transport is known to be related to the energy metabolism of the thyroid gland, it is suggested, that disturbances of thyroidal energy and phospolipid metabolism might be responsible for the observed insufficiency of the thyroidal iodide pump in endemic goitres.
KARYOMETRIC STUDIES ON THE REACTIVITY OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX OF NEWBORN RATS
Authors: Mitro A. , Palkovits M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Karyometric studies of cell nuclei in the zona glomerulosa and zona fasciculata of the rat adrenal cortex were carried out on the 1st to the 7th day of life following single administration of formalin, electric shock, ACTH, DOCA, cortisol and adrenaline. A formalin injection, given on the day of birth, evoked a rise in the volume of adrenocortical nuclei even in the group of rats two days old. This indicates that there is already a functionally active pituitary-adrenal axis in the early postnatal period. The response to formalin stress or to the administration of ACTH, DOCA and cortisol is similar in both adrenocortical zones, i. e. in zona glomerulosa and the zona fasciculata during the first four days of postnatal life. This may be connected with a low degree of differentiation of both zones. Starting with the 5th day, a differentiated response to exogenous stimuli in the individual zones, similar to that in adult animals was found.
FURTHER STUDIES ON THE UPTAKE OF ANDROGEN BY SOME ORGANS OF THE MALE RAT
Authors: Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
[1,2-3H]Testosterone with a specific activity of 42.3 Ci/mmole was injected intramuscularly to adult castrated male rats. There was a selective uptake of radioactivity by the prostate, where a high and prolonged accumulation of radioactive material was found, in contrast to the much lower uptake by muscle tissue.
The influence of castration on the uptake was investigated. In the ventral prostate, the uptake was 205% higher in animals castrated 24 h previously than in non-castrated animals. The corresponding values for the lateral prostate, the coagulating glands and the seminal vesicles were 120%, 165% and 213% respectively. The uptake by the dorsal prostate was only about 23% higher one day after orchidectomy. The uptake by muscle was apparently not influenced by castration.
Following homogenization of the coagulating glands and the dorsal and ventral prostate, some of the radioactivity in the 105 000 × g supernatant fraction 1 h after the administration of [1,2-3H] testosterone in vivo was associated with macromolecules. In the lateral prostate an interaction between radioactive material and soluble macromolecules was only found in vitro.