bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The NUTRIENT Trial (NUTRitional Intervention among myEloproliferative Neoplasms): Results from a Randomized Phase I Pilot Study for Feasibility and Adherence
Authors: Mendez Luque Laura F. , Avelar-Barragan Julio , Nguyen Hellen , Nguyen Jenny , Soyfer Eli M. , Liu Jiarui , Chen Jane H. , Mehrotra Nitya , Huang Xin , Kosiorek Heidi E. , Dueck Amylou , Himstead Alexander , Heide Elena , Lem Melinda , El Alaoui Kenza , Mas Eduard , Scherber Robyn M. , Mesa Ruben A. , Whiteson Katrine L. , Odegaard Andrew , Fleischman Angela G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Chronic inflammation is integral to myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) pathogenesis. JAK inhibitors reduce cytokine levels, but not without significant side effects. Nutrition is a low-risk approach to reduce inflammation and ameliorate symptoms in MPN. We performed a randomized, parallel-arm study to determine the feasibility of an education-focused Mediterranean diet intervention among patients with MPN.

Experimental Design:
We randomly assigned patients with MPN to either a Mediterranean diet or standard U.S. Dietary Guidelines for Americans (USDA). Groups received equal but separate education with registered dietician counseling and written dietary resources. Patients were prospectively followed for feasibility, adherence, and symptom burden assessments. Biological samples were collected at four timepoints during the 15-week study to explore changes in inflammatory biomarkers and gut microbiome.

Results:
The Mediterranean diet was as easy to follow for patients with MPN as the standard USDA diet. Approximately 80% of the patients in the Mediterranean diet group achieved a Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score of ≥8 throughout the entire active intervention period, whereas less than 50% of the USDA group achieved a score of ≥8 at any timepoint. Improvement in symptom burden was observed in both diet groups. No significant changes were observed in inflammatory cytokines. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiome remained stable throughout the duration of the intervention.

Conclusions:
With dietician counseling and written education, patients with MPN can adhere to a Mediterranean eating pattern. Diet interventions may be further developed as a component of MPN care, and potentially incorporated into the management of other hematologic conditions.

Significance:
Diet is a central tenant of management of chronic conditions characterized by subclinical inflammation, such as cardiovascular disease, but has not entered the treatment algorithm for clonal hematologic disorders. Here, we establish that a Mediterranean diet intervention is feasible in the MPN patient population and can improve symptom burden. These findings warrant large dietary interventions in patients with hematologic disorders to test the impact of diet on clinical outcomes.
Single-Cell CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Secretome Profiling Reveals Temporal and Niche Differences in Acute Myeloid Leukemia Following Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy
Authors: Root Jessica L. , Desai Poonam N. , Ly Christopher , Wang Bofei , Jelloul Fatima Zahra , Zhou Jing , Mackay Sean , Alfayez Mansour , Matthews Jairo , Pierce Sherry , Reville Patrick K. , Daver Naval , Abbas Hussein A. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous malignancy of the blood primarily treated with intensive chemotherapy. The allogeneic T-cell antileukemic activity via donor lymphocyte infusions and stem cell transplantation suggests a potential role for checkpoint blockade therapy in AML. While clinical trials employing these treatments have fallen short of expected results, a deeper exploration into the functional states of T cells in AML could bridge this knowledge gap. In this study, we analyzed the polyfunctional activity of T cells in a cohort of patients with relapsed/refractory (RelRef) AML treated on the clinical trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02397720) of combination therapy using azacitidine and nivolumab (Aza/Nivo). We utilized the single-cell polyfunctional multiplexed immune assay IsoPlexis to evaluate the CD4 and CD8 T cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples collected before and after immunotherapy. This revealed at a pseudobulk level that the CD4 T cells exhibited higher functional activity post-immunotherapy (post-IO), suggesting that CD4-directed therapies may play a role in RelRef AML. Additional single-cell analysis revealed significant differences in baseline polyfunctionality in bone marrows of responders as compared with nonresponders for both CD4 and CD8 T cells. Overall, this study highlights the impact of polyfunctional assessment in understanding CD4 and CD8 dynamics in contexts of therapy in AML.

Significance:
We found T-cell polyfunctionality differs between local and systemic microenvironments. Enhanced variability in proteomic profiles of bone marrow CD4 T cells post-IO suggests their pivotal role in AML treatment response. Single-cell analysis identified novel CD4 and CD8 T-cell functional groups linked to immunotherapy response within the bone marrow.
Development of the NOCSAE Standard to Reduce the Risk of Commotio Cordis
Authors: Dau Nathan , Bir Cynthia , McCalley Elizabeth , Halstead David , Link Mark S. 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
Commotio cordis, sudden cardiac death (SCD) caused by relatively innocent impact to the chest, is one of the leading causes of SCD in sports. Commercial chest protectors have not been demonstrated to mitigate the risk of these SCDs.

METHODS:
To develop a standard to assess chest protectors, 4 phases occurred. A physiological commotio cordis model was utilized to assess variables that predicted for SCD. Next, a surrogate model was developed based on data from the physiological model, and the attenuation in risk was assessed. In the third phase, this model was calibrated and validated. Finally, National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment adopted the standard and had an open review process with revision of the standard over 3 years.

RESULTS:
Of all variables, impact force was the most robust at predicting SCD. Chest wall protectors which could reduce the force of impact to under thresholds were predicted to reduce the risk of SCD. The correlation between the experimental model and the mechanical surrogate ranged from 0.783 with a lacrosse ball at 30 mph to 0.898 with a baseball at 50 mph. The standard was licensed to National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment which initially adopted the standard in January 2018, and finalized in July 2021.

CONCLUSIONS:
An effective mechanical surrogate based on physiological data from a well-established model of commotio cordis predicts the reduction in SCD with chest protectors. A greater reduction in force provides a great degree of protection from commotio cordis. This new National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment standard for chest protectors should result in a significant reduction in the risk of commotio cordis on the playing field.
Pulsed Field Ablation Index–Guided Ablation for Lesion Formation: Impact of Contact Force and Number of Applications in the Ventricular Model
Authors: Di Biase Luigi , Marazzato Jacopo , Govari Assaf , Altman Andreas , Beeckler Christopher , Keyes Joe , Sharma Tushar , Grupposo Vito , Zou Fengwei , Sugawara Masafumi , Ikeda Atsushi , Raissi Farshad , Bhardwaj Rahul , Hsu Jonathan C. , Lee Mark , Banker Rajesh , Mohanty Sanghamitra , Natale Andrea , Chen Qi , Parikh Paras , Zhang Xiaodong , Nakagawa Hiroshi 
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND:
The effect of contact force (CF) on lesion formation is not clear during pulsed field ablation (PFA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of CF, PFA, and their interplay through the PFA index (PF index) formula on the ventricular lesion size in swine.

METHODS:
PFA was delivered through the CF-sensing OMNYPULSE catheter. Predefined PFA applications (×3, ×6, ×9, and ×12) were delivered maintaining low (5–25 g), high (26–50 g), and very high (51–80 g) CFs. First, PFA lesions were evaluated on necropsy in 11 swine to investigate the impact of CF/PFA—and their integration in the PF index equation—on lesion size (study characterization). Then, 3 different PF index thresholds—300, 450, and 600—were tested in 6 swine to appraise the PF index accuracy to predict the ventricular lesion depth (study validation).

RESULTS:

In the study characterization data set, 111 PFA lesions were analyzed. CF was 32±17 g. The average lesion depth and width were 3.5±1.2 and 12.0±3.5 mm, respectively. More than CF and PFA dose alone, it was their combined effect to impact lesion depth through an asymptotically increasing relationship. Likewise, not only was the PF index related to lesion depth in the study validation data set (r
2
=0.66;
P
<0.001) but it also provided a prediction accuracy of the observed depth of ±2 mm in 69/73 lesions (95%).

CONCLUSIONS:
CF and PFA applications play a key role in lesion formation during PFA. Further studies are required to evaluate the best PFA ablation settings to achieve transmural lesions.
Predictive Value of Artificial Intelligence‐Enabled Electrocardiography in Patients With Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Kanaji Yoshihisa , Ozcan Ilke , Tryon David N. , Ahmad Ali , Sara Jaskanwal Deep Singh , Lewis Brad , Friedman Paul , Noseworthy Peter A , Lerman Lilach O. , Kakuta Tsunekazu , Attia Zachi I. , Lerman Amir 
Published: February 2024

Background
Recent studies have indicated high rates of future major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), but there is no well‐established tool for risk stratification. This study sought to evaluate the prognostic value of several artificial intelligence‐augmented ECG (AI‐ECG) algorithms in patients with TC.

Methods and Results

This study examined consecutive patients in the prospective and observational Mayo Clinic Takotsubo syndrome registry. Several previously validated AI‐ECG algorithms were used for the estimation of ECG‐ age, probability of low ejection fraction, and probability of atrial fibrillation. Multivariable models were constructed to evaluate the association of AI‐ECG and other clinical characteristics with major adverse cardiac events, defined as cardiovascular death, recurrence of TC, nonfatal myocardial infarction, hospitalization for congestive heart failure, and stroke. In the final analysis, 305 patients with TC were studied over a median follow‐up of 4.8 years. Patients with future major adverse cardiac events were more likely to be older, have a history of hypertension, congestive heart failure, worse renal function, as well as high‐risk AI‐ECG findings compared with those without. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analysis indicated that the presence of 2 or 3 high‐risk findings detected by AI‐ECG remained a significant predictor of major adverse cardiac events in patients with TC after adjustment by conventional risk factors (hazard ratio, 4.419 [95% CI, 1.833–10.66],
P
=0.001).

Conclusions
The combined use of AI‐ECG algorithms derived from a single 12‐lead ECG might detect subtle underlying patterns associated with worse outcomes in patients with TC. This approach might be beneficial for stratifying high‐risk patients with TC.
Intravascular Imaging Findings After PCI in Patients With Focal and Diffuse Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Ohashi Hirofumi , Mizukami Takuya , Sonck Jeroen , Bouisset Frederic , Ko Brian , Nørgaard Bjarne L. , Mæng Michael , Jensen Jesper Møller , Sakai Koshiro , Ando Hirohiko , Amano Tetsuya , Amabile Nicolas , Ali Ziad , De Bruyne Bernard , Koo Bon‐Kwon , Otake Hiromasa , Collet Carlos 
Published: February 2024

Background
Following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), optical coherence tomography provides prognosis information. The pullback pressure gradient is a novel index that discriminates focal from diffuse coronary artery disease based on fractional flow reserve pullbacks. We sought to investigate the association between coronary artery disease patterns, defined by coronary physiology, and optical coherence tomography after stent implantation in stable patients undergoing PCI.

Methods and Results

This multicenter, prospective, single‐arm study was conducted in 5 countries (NCT03782688). Subjects underwent motorized fractional flow reserve pullbacks evaluation followed by optical coherence tomography‐guided PCI. Post‐PCI optical coherence tomography minimum stent area, stent expansion, and the presence of suboptimal findings such as incomplete stent apposition, stent edge dissection, and irregular tissue protrusion were compared between patients with focal versus diffuse disease. Overall, 102 patients (105 vessels) were included. Fractional flow reserve before PCI was 0.65±0.14, pullback pressure gradient was 0.66±0.14, and post‐PCI fractional flow reserve was 0.88±0.06. The mean minimum stent area was 5.69±1.99 mm
2
and was significantly larger in vessels with focal disease (6.18±2.12 mm
2
versus 5.19±1.72 mm
2
,
P
=0.01). After PCI, incomplete stent apposition, stent edge dissection, and irregular tissue protrusion were observed in 27.6%, 10.5%, and 51.4% of the cases, respectively. Vessels with focal disease at baseline had a lower prevalence of incomplete stent apposition (11.3% versus 44.2%,
P
=0.002) and more irregular tissue protrusion (69.8% versus 32.7%,
P
<0.001).

Conclusions
Baseline coronary pathophysiological patterns are associated with suboptimal imaging findings after PCI. Patients with focal disease had larger minimum stent area and a higher incidence of tissue protrusion, whereas stent malapposition was more frequent in patients with diffuse disease.
Association of Cardiovascular Health Metrics and Mortality Among Individuals With and Without Cancer
Authors: Abramov Dmitry , Kobo Ofer , Mamas Mamas A. 
Published: February 2024

Background
Although metrics of cardiovascular health have been associated with improved mortality, whether the association remains among individuals with a history of cancer has not been well characterized.

Methods and Results

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2009 to 2018 were used to identify individuals with and without a history of cancer. For each participant, American Heart Association Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health metrics of health behaviors (diet, physical activity, nicotine exposure, and sleep) and health factors (body mass index, non–high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood glucose, and blood pressure) were obtained. All‐cause, cardiovascular, and cancer‐related mortality were noted. Out of 21 967 individuals, 8% had a history of cancer. In analyses adjusted for age, race and ethnicity, sex, and income among the whole cohort, better Life's Essential 8 cardiovascular health metrics were associated with lower all‐cause (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR ], 0.38 [95% CI, 0.29–0.49];
P
<0.001), cardiovascular (aHR, 0.38 [95% CI, 0.22–0.49];
P
<0.001), and cancer mortality (aHR, 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31–0.79];
P
=0.001). This association was driven by better health behaviors that were associated with lower all‐cause (aHR, 0.30 [95% CI, 0.26–0.35];
P
<0.001), cardiovascular (aHR, 0.39 [95% CI, 0.26–0.52];
P
<0.001), and cancer mortality (aHR, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.26–0.47];
P
<0.001), whereas better health factors were not associated with lower mortality. There were no significant interactions in these associations between individuals with and without cancer.

Conclusions
Better metrics of cardiovascular health, particularly health behaviors, are associated with improved all‐cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality to a similar extent in individuals with and without cancer. Attempts to improve cardiovascular health should be prioritized similarly among individuals with and without cancer.
Continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation on the Left Posterior Inferior Frontal Gyrus Perturbs Complex Syntactic Processing Stability in Mandarin Chinese
Authors: Wu Junjie , Cheng Yao , Qu Xingfang , Kang Tianmin , Cai Yimin , Wang Peng , Zaccarella Emiliano , Friederici Angela D. , Hartwigsen Gesa , Chen Luyao 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The structure of human language is inherently hierarchical. The left posterior inferior frontal gyrus (LpIFG) is proposed to be a core region for constructing syntactic hierarchies. However, it remains unclear whether LpIFG plays a causal role in syntactic processing in Mandarin Chinese and whether its contribution depends on syntactic complexity, working memory, or both. We addressed these questions by applying inhibitory continuous theta-burst stimulation (cTBS) over LpIFG. Thirty-two participants processed sentences containing embedded relative clauses (i.e., complex syntactic processing), syntactically simpler coordinated sentences (i.e., simple syntactic processing), and non-hierarchical word lists (i.e., word list processing) after receiving real or sham cTBS. We found that cTBS significantly increased the coefficient of variation, a representative index of processing stability, in complex syntactic processing (esp., when subject relative clause was embedded) but not in the other two conditions. No significant changes in d′ and reaction time were detected in these conditions. The findings suggest that (a) inhibitory effect of cTBS on the LpIFG might be prominent in perturbing the complex syntactic processing stability but subtle in altering the processing quality; and (b) the causal role of the LpIFG seems to be specific for syntactic processing rather than working memory capacity, further evidencing their separability in LpIFG. Collectively, these results support the notion of the LpIFG as a core region for complex syntactic processing across languages.
Davinci the Dualist: The Mind–Body Divide in Large Language Models and in Human Learners
Authors: Berent Iris , Sansiveri Alexzander 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A large literature suggests that people are intuitive Dualists—they consider the mind ethereal, distinct from the body. Furthermore, Dualism emerges, in part, via learning (e.g., Barlev & Shtulman, 2021). Human learners, however, are also endowed with innate systems of core knowledge, and recent results suggest that core knowledge begets Dualism (Berent, 2023a; Berent et al., 2022). The resulting question, then, is whether the acquisition of Dualism requires core knowledge, or whether Dualism is learnable from experience alone, via domain-general mechanism. Since human learners are equipped with both systems, the evidence from humans cannot decide this question. Accordingly, here, we probe for a mind–body divide in Davinci—a large language model (LLM) that is devoid of core knowledge. We show that Davinci still leans towards Dualism, and that this bias increases systematically with the learner’s inductive potential. Thus, davinci (which forms part of the GPT-3 suite) exhibits mild Dualist tendencies, whereas its descendent, text-davinci-003 (a GPT-3.5 model), shows a stronger bias. It selectively considers thoughts (epistemic states) as disembodied—as unlikely to show up in the body (in the brain). Unlike humans, GPT 3.5 categorically rejected the persistence of the psyche after death. Still, when probed about life, GPT 3.5 showed robust Dualist tendencies. These results demonstrate that the mind–body divide is partly learnable from experience. While results from LLMs cannot fully determine how humans acquire Dualism, they do place a higher burden of proof on nativist theories that trace Dualism to innate core cognition (Berent, 2023a; Berent et al., 2022).
Keeping a close watch on Innovation Studies: Opening the black box of journal editorships
Authors: Santos Ana Teresa , Mendonça Sandro 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Editors are journals’ entrepreneurs, managers, and stewards. They have the duty of holding high standards of scholarly quality in terms of end product (articles) and due process (adequate peer-review procedures). Given the importance of journals in the contemporary science “ecosystem,” editors emerge as decisive power brokers. Elite board members are scrutinizers but, paradoxically, they are themselves seldom subject to systematic study. This paper presents a comprehensive portrait of the editorship phenomenon in Innovation Studies by probing the structural features of the boards of 20 leading innovation-oriented journals as of 2019 and conducting an editor survey. We account for 2,440 individual editors in 3,005 different roles based in 53 countries. We uncover the overwhelming dominance of U.S.-affiliated editors and the contrasting rare presence of scholars from the Global South. The gender balance tilts toward men, with a weight above 60%. Enhanced journal achievement is associated with editors on multiple boards, diverse national representation, and increased women on boards. Almost 20% of scholars serve on multiple boards, and no single journal is free from this interlocking editorship phenomenon. The journal Research Policy is the most central in the cross-board network, followed by Industrial and Corporate Change. Finally, the implications of editormetrics for journal governance are discussed.
The use of linear models in quantitative research
Authors: Castro Torres Andrés F. , Akbaritabar Aliakbar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The diversity of analysis frameworks used in different fields of quantitative research is understudied. Using bibliometric data from the Web of Science (WoS), we conduct a large-scale and cross-disciplinary assessment of the proportion of articles that use linear models in comparison to other analysis frameworks from 1990 to 2022 and investigate the spatial and citation patterns. We found that, in absolute terms, linear models are widely used across all fields of science. In relative terms, three patterns suggest that linear-model-based research is a dominant analysis framework in Social Sciences. First, almost two-thirds of research articles reporting a statistical analysis framework reported linear models. Second, research articles from underrepresented countries in the WoS data displayed the highest proportions of articles reporting linear models. Third, there was a citation premium to articles reporting linear models in terms of being cited at least once for the entire period, and for the average number of citations until 2012. The confluence of these patterns may not be beneficial to the Social Sciences, as it could marginalize theories incompatible with the linear models’ framework. Our results have implications for quantitative research practices, including teaching and education of the next generations of scholars.
The policy is dead, long live the policy—Revealing science, technology, and innovation policy priorities and government transitions via network analysis
Authors: Cortés Julián D. , Ramírez Cajiao María Catalina 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Each government has priorities for science, technology, and innovation policies (STIP). How can we identify the changing or reinforced STIP research priorities induced by government transitions? This study aims to unveil the STIP changing structure in the public funding research call contents in Colombia from 2007 to 2022, applying a co-word and network analysis approach to 389 funding research calls. We showed each government’s changing distribution of the betweenness centrality of 334 fields from Health, Life, Physical, and Social Sciences. We found that STIP priorities are getting denser and more diverse in terms of research fields. Despite this complexity, just 14 fields of Life, Physical, and Social Sciences, such as drug discovery, general business, management & accounting, and nature and landscape conservation, maintained their higher strategic relevance despite the government in office. This study maps the short and long-term focus of STIP regardless of the changing political tide inherent in democratic countries.