bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cardiopulmonary exercise tests in people with chronic stroke: Interpretation and clinical application
Authors: McCartney Kiersten M , Edwards David , Pohlig Ryan , Boyne Pierce , Wright Tamara , Wright Henry , Overstreet Matthew , Reisman Darcy S 
Published: February 2025

Objective To understand in people with stroke: (1) reasons for cardiopulmonary treadmill exercise test termination, (2) how frequently secondary criteria indicating a maximal test are met, and (3) how test termination is related to volume of oxygen consumption and participant characteristics. Design A secondary analysis from the Promoting Recovery Optimization of Walking Activity in Stroke (NCT02835313) clinical trial. Setting Four outpatient rehabilitation clinics. Participants People with chronic stroke able to walk without assistance of another person. Intervention Participants ( n = 250) randomized in a larger clinical trial completed symptom limited graded exercise treadmill tests pre- ( n = 247) and post-intervention ( n = 185). Treadmill exercise tests were conducted at constant speed with incremental incline increases. Main Measures The primary measure was reason for cardiopulmonary exercise test termination. Secondary measures included: oxygen consumption, ventilatory threshold, peak heart rate, respiratory exchange ratio, six-minute walk test, and fastest walking speed. Results There were six categories of test termination, electrocardiogram (11%), blood pressure/heart rate (13%), biomechanical (25%), self-selected (41%), equipment malfunction (8%), and other (2%). Only 1.9% of tests achieved the threshold to confirm a maximal aerobic effort. There were no differences in peak volume of oxygen consumption or participant characteristics between test termination categories. Conclusions Analyses indicate few with chronic stroke exhibit a maximal aerobic effort on a cardiopulmonary exercise test. If the cardiorespiratory system is not thoroughly taxed during treadmill exercise tests in people with chronic stroke, interpreting results as their cardiorespiratory fitness should be done cautiously.
Development and validation of machine learning algorithms for early detection of ankylosing spondylitis using magnetic resonance images
Authors: Canayaz Emre , Altikardes Zehra Aysun , Unsal Alparslan , Korkmaz Hayriye , Gok Mustafa 
Published: February 2025

Background Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the sacroiliac joints and spine, often leading to disability if not diagnosed and treated early. Objective In this study, we present the development and validation of machine learning (ML) algorithms for AS detection only using Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) sequenced magnetic resonance (MR) images. Methods The detection process is based on creating Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) from MR images, followed by the computation of Haralick features and the training of ML-based models. A total of 696 MR images (AS+: 348, AS−: 348) were utilized for AS detection. Models were trained and tested on 70% of the dataset using a 10-fold cross-validation method to prevent overfitting, while the remaining 30% of the data was used for validation. In addition, care was taken to ensure that different images from the same patient were not split between the training and validation sets during this separation process to prevent potential data leakage. Results The proposed ML-based model demonstrated superior performance during the validation phase (accuracy: 0.885, AUC: 0.941). The results of our study show promising outcomes when compared to previous works employing GLCM-based ML detection models. Conclusions This study introduces a new perspective on AS detection, focusing on the assignment of ML techniques to STIR-sequenced MR images with a notable absence of literature on interpreting ML models for AS detection. This typology also addresses a lack of knowledge, as most models do not provide practical interpretability or knowledge alongside accurate prediction. The system also offers an effective strategy for early and correct diagnosis of AS, which is important for timely intervention and treatment planning.
Adherence to intervention components: The key to success? Analysis on health-related outcomes of the AgeWell.de intervention to preserve cognition
Authors: Wittmann Felix G , Pabst Alexander , Zülke Andrea , Luppa Melanie , Cardona Maria I , Boekholt Melanie , Fankhänel Thomas , Weise Solveig , Kosilek Robert Philipp , Sanftenberg Linda , Brettschneider Christian , Döhring Juliane , Williamson Martin , Wiese Birgitt , Thyrian Jochen René , Hoffmann Wolfgang , Gensichen Jochen , König Hans-Helmut , Kaduszkiewicz Hanna , Frese Thomas , Riedel-Heller Steffi G 
Published: February 2025

Background The aim of the study was to analyze the impact of adherence to the intervention components on the effectiveness of AgeWell.de, a multi-domain lifestyle intervention against cognitive decline, on function in everyday activities, quality of life, depressiveness and social isolation. Objective Studying the effect of adherence on health-related outcomes. Methods Participants were aged 60–77 years at baseline and at risk (Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Ageing and Dementia Score (CAIDE) ≥9). Adherence to the components nutrition, enhancement of physical and social activities and cognitive training was analyzed in two ways, first continual within the intervention group (n = 378, mean age = 69.1 years, 52.7% female) and second as dichotomous split (75% adherence) and in reference to the control group (received infomaterial and regular health advice; n = 441, mean age = 69 years, 53% female). Generalized linear regression models were then run on the health outcomes functioning in everyday activities, quality of life, depressive symptoms, and social inclusion. Results Health-related quality of life and depressiveness were improved in participants with better adherence to nutritional counselling and enhancement of physical and social activities. Better adherence to social activities was relevant for function in everyday activities. Effects of high adherence to cognitive training was found for improvements in depressiveness when comparing it to the control group. No effect was found on social inclusion when considering the particular components. Conclusions The extent of adherence to most components influenced health-related outcomes such as health-related quality of life and depressiveness. With this study, the effectiveness of AgeWell.de can be understood in greater depth. Trial Registration German Clinical Trial Register (DRKS; ID: DRKS00013555).
Delayed Postoperative Ambulation Results in a Significant Increase in 90-Day Mortality in Surgically Treated Hip Fractures
Authors: Wood Robert S. , Vergun Maddie , Herrera Elizabeth , Krumrey Jacqueline 
Published: February 2025

Introduction Hip fractures in individuals aged 65 and older present a significant burden to patients, families, and health care systems. These fractures lead to increased morbidity, loss of autonomy in Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), prolonged hospitalization, and heightened mortality rates. Despite existing knowledge, there is a need for high-quality studies to understand mid- to long-term outcomes and the impact of postoperative variables on mortality. Methods This retrospective matched case-control study analyzed patients who underwent operative management for hip fractures between August 1, 2021, and August 1, 2023, at a single Level II trauma center. Cases were defined as patients who expired between postoperative day 1 and ninety, while controls were patients alive at postoperative day 90. Cases and controls were matched by sex and age at the time of surgery. Patients over age 60, who underwent surgical treatment of a femoral neck or intertrochanteric fracture after receiving a preoperative block and were able to ambulate prior to their injury included. Cases and controls were matched based upon patient demographics including comorbidities. Major matched comorbidities were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, and Coronary Artery Disease. A logistic regression was used to measure the association between in-hospital mobility and 90-day mortality. Results The 90-day mortality rate was 9.5% (16/169). The mean age of participants was 85.7 years, with 62.5% female. No significant differences were found in hospital length of stay or operative time. However, 37.5% of cases were discharged on hospice compared to 3.1% of controls. Only 6.3% of cases ambulated in the hospital compared to 53.1% of controls ( P-value <.001). Logistic regression indicated that the odds of death were 17 times higher in patients who did not walk during their hospital stay (OR: 17.0, 95% CI: 2.91-326.0, P-value: 0.01). Conclusions This study highlights the critical importance of early postoperative mobilization in reducing 90-day mortality in hip fracture patients. The findings reveal that patients who ambulated during hospital admission had significantly lower mortality rates. These results suggest that early mobilization could serve as a strong protective factor against early postoperative mortality.
Development and preliminary evaluation of a decision coach training module for nurses in Norway
Authors: Kienlin Simone , Nytrøen Kari , Kasper Jürgen , Stacey Dawn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Shared decision-making (SDM) is a collaborative patient-centred process for arriving at informed healthcare decisions. Decision coaching can help support SDM when combined with patient decision aids. As part of a meta-curriculum “Ready for SDM” for training different healthcare professionals in SDM, we developed and pilot-tested a new module designed to train nurses as decision coaches. The study assessed nurses' perceptions of a decision coach training module, focusing on its feasibility, acceptability and its role in developing decision coaching capabilities.

Methods
We used a two-phase approach guided by the Knowledge-to-Action Framework. In the first phase, we developed a decision coach training module. The second phase involved preliminary testing, using a descriptive design with qualitative and quantitative methods. We recruited a convenience sample of participants from two hospitals. Participants completed questionnaires at the end of Part A (classroom training). The assessment was informed by Kirkpatrick’s first three levels of educational outcomes: reaction (acceptability), learning (self-reported attitudes, intentions and confidence) and behaviour (practical application of decision coaching). A post-hoc inquiry investigated low participation in Part B of the coach training. Qualitative data underwent content analysis and quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results
The development resulted in a decision coach training comprising a Part A (6 h) on SDM and decision coaching fundamentals and a Part B (1 h) which involved practical application of decision coaching in the participants’ own practice (audio recorded) with self-appraisal and individualised feedback. In preliminary testing with 19 nurses from seven clinical departments, 90% of participants rated Part A as acceptable and relevant to practice. Only one nurse completed Part B due to reluctance to audio record coaching sessions. The most reported perceived barrier was time constraints. Key perceived facilitators identified were interprofessional collaboration, management support and additional practical training.

Conclusion
Decision coach training was feasible to deliver in the classroom. Participants reported Part A as acceptable and relevant to their practice. The second part, including an audio recording component, proved unfeasible. Further research should explore alternative methods for skill assessment and feedback in clinical practice. The results from this study will inform further refinement of the Norwegian Ready for SDM meta-curriculum and implementation strategies, particularly regarding the practical training components.

Trial registration
Retrospectively registered (14.02.2023) at ISRCTN (ISRCTN44143097).
Targeting the fundamentals for tremors: the frequency and amplitude coding in essential tremor
Authors: Pan Ming-Kai 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders with heterogeneous pathogenesis involving both genetic and environmental factors, which often results in variable therapeutic outcomes. Despite the diverse etiology, ET is defined by a core symptom of action tremor, an involuntary rhythmic movement that can be mathematically characterized by two parameters: tremor frequency and tremor amplitude. Recent advances in neural dynamics and clinical electrophysiology have provided valuable insights to explain how tremor frequency and amplitude are generated within the central nervous system. This review summarizes both animal and clinical evidence, encompassing the kinematic features of tremors, circuitry dynamics, and the neuronal coding mechanisms for the two parameters. Neural population coding within the olivocerebellum is implicated in determining tremor frequency, while the cerebellar circuitry synchrony and cerebellar-thalamo-cortical interactions play key roles in regulating tremor amplitude. Novel therapeutic strategies aimed at tuning tremor frequency and amplitude are also discussed. These neural dynamic approaches target the conserved mechanisms across ET patients with varying etiologies, offering the potential to develop universally effective therapies for ET.
Effect of early and later prone positioning on outcomes in invasively ventilated COVID-19 patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: analysis of the prospective COVID-19 critical care consortium cohort study
Authors: Simpkin Andrew J. , McNicholas Bairbre A. , Hannon David , Bartlett Robert , Chiumello Davide , Dalton Heidi J. , Gibbons Kristen , White Nicole , Merson Laura , Fan Eddy , Panigada Mauro , Grasselli Giacomo , Motos Anna , Torres Antoni , Barbé Ferran , Ng Pauline Yeung , Fanning Jonathon P. , Nichol Alistair , Suen Jacky Y. , Bassi Gianluigi Li , Fraser John F. , Laffey John G. ,   on behalf of the COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Prone positioning of patients with COVID-19 undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV) is widely used, but evidence of efficacy remains sparse. The COVID-19 Critical Care Consortium has generated one of the largest global datasets on the management and outcomes of critically ill COVID-19 patients. This prospective cohort study investigated the association between prone positioning and mortality and in particular focussed on timing of treatment.

Methods
We investigated the incidence, demographic profile, management and outcomes of proned patients undergoing IMV for COVID-19 in the study. We compared outcomes between patients prone positioned within 48 h of IMV to those (i) never proned, and (ii) proned only after 48 h.

Results
3131 patients had data on prone positioning, 1482 (47%) were never proned, 1034 (33%) were proned within 48 h and 615 (20%) were proned only after 48 h of commencement of IMV. 28-day (hazard ratio 0.82, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68, 0.98, p = 0.03) and 90-day (hazard ratio 0.81, 95% CI 0.68, 0.96, p = 0.02) mortality risks were lower in those patients proned within 48 h of IMV compared to those never proned. However, there was no evidence for a statistically significant association between prone positioning after 48 h with 28-day (hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.75, 1.14, p = 0.47) or 90-day mortality (hazard ratio 0.95, 95% CI 0.78, 1.16, p = 0.59).

Conclusions
Prone positioning is associated with improved outcomes in patients with COVID-19, but timing matters. We found no association between later proning and patient outcome.
Cannabinoid spoilage, metabolism and cannabidiol(CBD) conversion to Tetrahydrocannabinol(THC) mechanisms with energetic parameters
Authors: Henriques Alwyn 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chemical redox mechanisms and thermodynamic parameters of the Cannabinoids Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) were determined theoretically and using activated complex theory then compared to physical experimentations of chemical spoilage by Pholsiri T et al. and intramolecular conversion of CBD to thc by Daniels. R. et al. Thermodynamic parameters were derived from activated complex theory using standard bond enthalpy data from the elments of Physical Chemistry by Atkins ((Atkins, Elements of Physical Chemistry, 2001)). Situations where psychotropic cannabinoids found in CBD based products were also understood due to the parameters that drive the reduction process of conversion to THC. The metabolism process of cannabinoids has been detailed from consumption to excretion with mechanistic support to deactivation and glucuronidation in order to have a cannabis standard established.
Charge transfer caused anomalies of physical properties of KV2Se2O
Authors: Zhuang Haoyu , Bai Jianli , Cheng Jingwen , Li Xiangfei , Meng Ying , Wang Luyao , Zhang Qinghua , Shen X. , Wang Yumei , Chen Genfu , Yu Richeng 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Persistent efforts have been devoted to unraveling the fundamental mechanism behind superconductivity. In the pursuit of novel unconventional superconductors, layered transition metal compounds have emerged as promising candidates. In this work, transmission electron microscopy, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and first-principles calculations are used to investigate the underlying causes of the anomalies of the susceptibility and resistivity of KV2Se2O. No evidence of either long-range or short-range ordered structural phase transition related to CDW is observed. However, our findings reveal a variation in the electronic configuration of vanadium occurring at low temperatures, which is supported by EELS spectra and Bader charge analysis. The change in electronic configuration may elucidate the anomalies of physical properties.
Transcriptional regulation of autophagy in skeletal muscle stem cells
Authors: Gopal Krishnan Priya D. , Lee Wen Xing , Goh Kah Yong , Choy Sze Mun , Turqueza Lewin Raymarc Roldan , Lim Zhuo Han , Tang Hong-Wen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT
Muscle stem cells (MuSCs) are essential for the regenerative capabilities of skeletal muscles. MuSCs are maintained in a quiescent state, but, when activated, can undergo proliferation and differentiation into myocytes, which fuse and mature to generate muscle fibers. The maintenance of MuSC quiescence and MuSC activation are processes that are tightly regulated by autophagy, a conserved degradation system that removes unessential or dysfunctional cellular components via lysosomes. Both the upregulation and downregulation of autophagy have been linked to impaired muscle regeneration, causing myopathies such as cancer cachexia, sarcopenia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy. In this Review, we highlight the importance of autophagy in regulating MuSC activity during muscle regeneration. Additionally, we summarize recent studies that link the transcriptional dysregulation of autophagy to muscle atrophy, emphasizing the dominant roles that transcription factors play in myogenic programs. Deciphering and understanding the roles of these transcription factors in the regulation of autophagy during myogenesis could advance the development of regenerative medicine.
Hybrid Data Publishing Based on Differential Privacy
Authors: Wang Tao , Sun Kaining , Yin Rui , Zhang Teng , Zhang Longjun 
Published: February 2025

The advent of the information and intelligence era has led to explosive growth of data. The author proposes a hybrid data model based on differential privacy. The main content of this model is based on the study of differential privacy, processing the data through a noise mechanism, using the calculation of tuple attribute differences and noise addition, and finally constructing a mixed data model based on differential privacy through experiments. The experimental results indicate that: as the value of k increases, the clustering results tend to be optimal, verifying that clustering the original data can reduce noise addition. However, ICMD-DP anonymizes the original dataset, resulting in much higher information loss than DCKPDP and prototype algorithms. A mixed data model based on differential privacy enables better clustering performance of the original dataset, thereby utilizing differential privacy to better protect the data.
Afrontamiento de los errores clínicos durante la formación médica especializada: el fenómeno de la segunda víctima
Authors: Valer Monterde Óscar , Aibar Remón Carlos 
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The consequences of medical errors extend beyond the affected patient, impacting both the professionals involved and the institutions where they occur. The aim of this study was to analyze incidents related to patient safety involving medical residents, the repercussions on their health as second victims, the support received, and possible associated factors.
Method: Cross-sectional study using an online survey distributed in January 2023 to all medical residents at two hospitals in Zaragoza, through their graduate medical education committees. A descriptive and inferential analysis was carried out using parametric and non-parametric tests.
Results: All 43 (10.2% response rate) residents who participated had had at least one incident related to patient safety, and 9.3% reported more than one adverse event, being higher in more senior residents (p=0.01). The most frequent symptoms and manifestations as a second victim were anxiety, doubts regarding clinical decisions, hypervigilance, fatigue and guilt. The perceived probability of receiving support after a clinical error was higher in residents in medical specialties than those in surgical specialties (p=0.002), and 20.9% indicated not receiving any support following a clinical error.
Conclusions: Clinical errors are a significant concern for medical trainees and require actions at multiple levels. This includes enhanced training in patient safety and error management, as well as establishing peer and specialized support plans for the professionals involved, where occupational health services should play a relevant role.
The Transitions programme: creating a safe space for reflection and development of newly qualified nurses
Authors: Toner Alison , Gilfedder Stephanie 
Published: February 2025

Background/Aims The Transitions programme was a 1-year initiative designed to support the transition from student to registered nurse. This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of newly qualified nurses who participated in the Transitions programme. Methods An anonymous online questionnaire was sent to newly qualified nurses who took part in the Transitions programme to gather qualitative data around their experiences, benefits and limitations of the programme. Of 26 newly qualified mental health nurse participants, 12 (46') responded to the 12-month evaluation quesionnaire. Results Data were presented using the authentic narratives of the newly qualified nurses, collated into the following themes: benefits, support, personal and professional growth, barriers and suggestions for improving the programme in the future. Conclusions A reflective programme that supports the transition from student to staff nurse is essential and valuable to enable the personal and professional growth of these nurses.