bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship of Aggregate Microtexture to Asphalt Pavement Skid Resistance
Authors: Luce Anthony , Mahmoud Enad , Masad Eyad , Chowdhury Arif 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Aggregate properties are one of the important factors that influence the asphalt pavement skid resistance. This paper presents a detailed analysis of aggregate texture and its relationship to pavement skid resistance. A new method is developed for the evaluation of aggregate resistance to polishing. This method relies on the Micro-Deval test as the mechanism for polishing aggregates and the Aggregate Imaging System (AIMS) for quantifying the change in texture due to polishing. The results show that the Micro-Deval test is an effective method for polishing aggregates within a short time. Also, the AIMS texture analysis is able to rapidly and accurately quantify the influence of polishing on texture. The verification of the new method was achieved through measuring the skid resistance of pavements constructed using three different aggregate sources and three different aggregate gradations. The skid resistance was found to be related not only to average aggregate texture, but also to the texture distribution within an aggregate sample. The developed method can be used in models for predicting the change in asphalt pavement skid resistance as a function of aggregate texture, mixture properties, and environmental conditions.
Efficient and Stable Transgene Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells Using Transposon-Mediated Gene Transfer
Authors: Wilber Andrew , Linehan Jonathan L. , Tian Xinghui , Woll Petter S. , Morris Julie K. , Belur Lalitha R. , McIvor R. Scott , Kaufman Dan S. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Efficient and stable genetic modification of human embryonic stem (ES) cells is required to realize the full scientific and potential therapeutic use of these cells. Currently, only limited success toward this goal has been achieved without using a viral vector. The Sleeping Beauty (SB) transposon system mediates nonviral gene insertion and stable expression in target cells and tissues. Here, we demonstrate use of the nonviral SB transposon system to effectively mediate stable gene transfer in human ES cells. Transposons encoding (a) green fluorescent protein coupled to the zeocin gene or (b) the firefly luciferase (luc) gene were effectively delivered to undifferentiated human ES cells with either a DNA or RNA source of transposase. Only human ES cells cotransfected with transposon- and transposase-encoding sequences exhibited transgene expression after 1 week in culture. Molecular analysis of transposon integrants indicated that 98% of stable gene transfer resulted from transposition. Stable luc expression was observed up to 5 months in human ES cells cotransfected with a transposon along with either DNA or RNA encoding SB transposase. Genetically engineered human ES cells demonstrated the ability to differentiate into teratomas in vivo and mature hematopoietic cells in vitro while maintaining stable transgene expression. We conclude that the SB transposon system provides an effective approach with several advantages for genetic manipulation and durable gene expression in human ES cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
The sex ratio and age‐specific male mortality: Evidence for culling in utero
Authors: Bruckner Tim , Catalano Ralph 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWhile adverse conditions early in life reportedly predispose individuals to increased mortality in adulthood, controversy remains as to whether exogenous insults in utero, especially among male fetuses, induce similar cohort “damage” in populations. A rival theory postulates that exogenous stressors in gestation may “cull” frail male members of the cohort before birth, leaving a smaller but hardier cohort with improved survival. Recent tests, which use the sex ratio (i.e., the odds of a male live birth) as a gauge of insults inflicted upon cohorts in gestation, support the culled cohort argument. These tests, however, examined only aggregate male lifespan, thereby obscuring potential heterogeneity of both damaged and culled cohorts at specific ages over the life course. Using time‐series methods, we explore associations between the sex ratio and cohort male mortality in infancy (before age 1), childhood (1–4 years), youth (5–19 years), adulthood (20–54 years), and old‐age (55–79 years). We examine males born in Sweden (1751–1913), Denmark (1835–1913), and England and Wales (1841–1912). Our findings generally support culled cohorts in that male mortality across all ages fell below its expected value among cohorts in which the sex ratio dropped below its expected level. These findings suggest that exogenous shocks to gestation, as measured by a lower than expected sex ratio, may cull males in utero, leaving behind a less frail cohort over the entire life course. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gender differences in growth and nutrition in a sample of rural ontario schoolchildren
Authors: Galloway Tracey 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper reports findings of a cross‐sectional study of the growth and nutrition of children living in rural Ontario, Canada. The objectives of the research were threefold: (1) to obtain data on obesity prevalence and nutrient intake in a sample of rural Canadian schoolchildren, (2) to compare findings with rural and national‐level data on obesity prevalence and nutrient intake, and (3) to provide data to school board and public health agencies planning and implementing nutrition policy and programs to this population. Measures of height and weight were obtained for 504 children ages 7–13 years. Height for age and body mass index scores were calculated and compared with 2000 data from the Centers for Disease Control (Kuczmarski et al. [2002]: Vital Health Stat 246:1–190). Weekday 24‐h dietary recall was conducted on a subsample of 352 children and the results compared with Canada's Food Guide (Health Canada,1997) and dietary reference data from the US Institute of Medicine (2000). Prevalence of overweight and obesity were high in this sample, with 17.7% of children classified as overweight and 10.9% of children classified as obese. Fifteen percent of boys were classified as obese, compared to 6.8% of girls. Boys consumed significantly more servings from the grain and meat food groups than girls. While mean daily intake of fiber and micronutrients was significantly low for both boys and girls, there were significant gender differences in nutrient intake, with boys consuming greater energy, protein, carbohydrate, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and sodium than girls. A number of limitations are discussed, in particular issues arising from the use of Dietary Reference Intakes. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary 1‐hydroxypyrene concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers relative to job category, respirator usage, and cigarette smoking
Authors: Chen Bo , Hu Yunping , Zheng Lixing , Wang Qiangyi , Zhou Yuanfen , Jin Taiyi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground1‐Hydroxypyrene (1‐OHP) is a biomarker of recent exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We investigated whether urinary 1‐OHP concentrations in Chinese coke oven workers (COWs) are modulated by job category, respirator usage, and cigarette smoking.MethodsThe present cross‐sectional study measured urinary 1‐OHP concentrations in 197 COWs from Coking plant I and 250 COWs from Coking plant II, as well as 220 unexposed referents from Control plant I and 56 referents from Control plant II.ResultsUrinary 1‐OHP concentrations (geometric mean, µmol/mol creatinine) were 5.18 and 4.21 in workers from Coking plants I and II, respectively. The highest 1‐OHP levels in urine were found among topside workers including lidmen, tar chasers, and whistlers. Benchmen had higher 1‐OHP levels than other workers at the sideoven. Above 75% of the COWs exceeded the recommended occupational exposure limit of 2.3 µmol/mol creatinine. Respirator usage and increased body mass index (BMI) slightly reduced 1‐OHP levels in COWs (P < 0.1). Cigarette smoking significantly increased urinary 1‐OHP levels in unexposed referents (P < 0.005), but had no effect in COWs (P > 0.1).ConclusionsChinese COWs, especially topside workers and benchmen, are exposed to high levels of PAHs. Urinary 1‐OHP concentrations appear to be modulated by respirator usage and BMI in COWs, as well as by smoking in unexposed referents. Am. J. Ind. Med. 50:657–663, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary amenorrhea and absent uterus in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Sundaram Usha T. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M. , Huff Dale , Emanuel Beverly S. , Zackai Elaine H. , Driscoll Deborah A. , Bodurtha Joann 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe classic clinical features in the 22q11.2 deletion syndrome are congenital heart defects, hypocalcemia, immunodeficiency, learning, speech, and behavioral difficulties. The phenotype is highly variable and continues to expand. We present two cases of absent uterus and unilateral renal agenesis in females with the 22q11.2 deletion. Clinicians caring for these adolescents should be aware of the possibility of renal anomalies and Mullerian agenesis. The diagnosis of 22q11.2 deletion may be considered in a female with Mullerian agenesis, particularly, in association with a history of learning difficulties and speech delay. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between 49 infant gene polymorphisms and preterm delivery
Authors: Chen Brian H. , Carmichael Suzan L. , Shaw Gary M. , Iovannisci David M. , Lammer Edward J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of preterm delivery has been increasing in the U.S. Previous studies have identified risk factors for preterm delivery that may have genetic influences. We conducted a case–control study comparing the frequencies of 49 genetic polymorphisms among 62 preterm infants and 553 term infants. The polymorphisms that we examined were involved in xenobiotic‐metabolism, blood pressure, coagulation, the inflammatory response, cell–cell interaction, or folate‐homocysteine metabolism. Univariate analyses on the individual polymorphisms revealed a statistically significant effect for the variant genotypes compared to the wildtype genotypes in SERPINE1 11053G > T (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.8). This finding suggests the coagulation/thrombophilic pathway may influence the development of preterm delivery. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Familial thoracic aortic dilation and bicommissural aortic valve: A prospective analysis of natural history and inheritance
Authors: Loscalzo Melissa L. , Goh Denise LM , Loeys Bart , Kent Kathleen C. , Spevak Philip J. , Dietz Harry C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe autosomal dominant inheritance of bicommissural aortic valve (BAV) (Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man #109730) in some families is well‐documented; however, the inheritance of BAV with thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is less clear. Whether the aneurysm is secondary to hemodynamic perturbation related to the valve abnormality or a primary manifestation of the disorder remains controversial. Guidelines are needed regarding the follow‐up and treatment of these patients and their families. Thirteen families with at least one individual with TAA and BAV (BAV/TAA) were evaluated prospectively by standard echocardiographic methods or clinical history. Affected status was determined by the presence of BAV or TAA or a history of dissection, rupture, or surgical repair. Six of 13 families had at least two family members with both BAV and TAA, often in successive generations. Informatively, all 13 families had at least one family member with TAA in the absence of BAV. Thirty‐five percent (39/110) of family members had BAV/TAA or TAA, and the majority of families (11/13) had maximal dilatation above the sinotubular junction (STJ). Vascular dissection or rupture occurred in seven of 13 families and in individuals with structurally normal aortic valves. Two families had non‐manifesting, obligate carriers. Three families have members with other left heart outflow tract anomalies. This study confirms autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance for BAV/TAA in these families. Furthermore, our data suggest that the component features, BAV and TAA, are independent manifestations of a single gene defect. To avoid the risk of early death, it is essential that all first‐degree relatives receive echocardiographic follow‐up at regular intervals regardless of the presence or absence of a BAV. This assessment must include imaging of the aortic region above the STJ. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Severe fatal course of axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum associated with complex cardiac defect in an infant of a mother with insulin dependent diabetes
Authors: Dinleyici Ener Cagri , Tekin Neslihan , Dinleyici Meltem , Kilic Zubeyir , Adapinar Baki , Aksit M. Arif 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAxial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum (AMDS) includes the features of other malformation complexes or sequences, such as oculo‐auriculo‐vertebral spectrum (OAVS) and sacral dysgenesis. We describe a new patient, an infant born to a type 1 diabetic mother, with the phenotype of AMDS as well as severe congenital cardiac anomalies including transposition of the great arteries and an atrioventricular septal defect. Congenital heart defects had been reported with OAVS, sacral dysgenesis, and in an infant born to a diabetic mother and combinations of these findings have been reported in the same patient. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with AMDS with transposition of great arteries and an atrioventricular septal defect and the second patient with AMDS who had history of parental consanguinity. The mechanism through which maternal diabetes mellitus leads to malformations is not entirely clear, but the glycemic control is essential in the care of mothers. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Contributions of ethnobiology to the conservation of tropical rivers and streams
Authors: Silvano R.A.M. , Silva A.L. , Ceroni M. , Begossi A. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This study aimed to link basic ethnobiological research on local ecological knowledge (LEK) to the conservation of Brazilian streams, based on two case studies: original data on LEK of fishermen about freshwater fish in the Negro River, Amazon, and previously published data about LEK of farmers on the ecological relationship between forest and streams in the Macabuzinho catchment, Atlantic Forest.
Information was obtained from fishermen through interviews using standard questionnaires containing open‐ended questions. Informants for interview were selected either following some defined criteria or applying the ‘snowball’ method.
Fishermen's LEK about the diets and habitats of 14 fish species in the Negro River provided new biological information on plant species that are eaten by fish, in addition to confirming some ecological patterns from the biological literature, such as dependence of fish on forests as food sources.
In the Atlantic Forest, a comparison between farmers' LEK and a rapid stream assessment in the farmers' properties indicated that farmers tended to overestimate the ecological integrity of their streams. Farmers recognized at least 11 forest attributes that correspond to the scientific concept of ecosystem services. Such information may be useful to promote or enhance dialogue among farmers, scientists and managers.
These results may contribute to the devising of ecosystem management measures in the Negro River, aimed to conserve both rivers and their associated floodplain forests, involving local fishermen. In the Atlantic Forest, we proposed some initiatives, such as to allow direct economic use of their forests to conciliate conflicting perceptions of farmers about ecological benefits versus economic losses from reforestation. Despite their cultural, environmental and geographical differences, the two study cases are complementary and cost‐effective and promising approaches to including LEK in the design of ecological research.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multirotations of (Anilinium)([18]Crown‐6) Supramolecular Cation Structure in Magnetic Salt of [Ni(dmit)2]−
Authors: Nishihara Sadafumi , Akutagawa Tomoyuki , Sato Daisuke , Takeda Sadamu , Noro Shin‐ichiro , Nakamura Takayoshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA solid‐state dynamic supramolecular structure consisting of (anilinium)([18]crown‐6) was arranged as the cation in a salt of [Ni(dmit)2]− (dmit=2‐thioxo‐1,3‐dithiole‐4,5‐dithiolate). With the ammonium moiety of anilinium located within the cavity of [18]crown‐6, a hydrogen‐bonded supramolecular structure is formed, with an orthogonal arrangement between the π plane of anilinium and the mean O6 plane of [18]crown‐6. In this supramolecular cation, both anilinium and [18]crown‐6 act as dynamic units with different rotational modes in the solid state. The uniform stacks of cations form an antiparallel arrangement, thus producing a layer structure. Sufficient space for the 180° flip‐flop motion of the phenyl ring and the rotation of [18]crown‐6 was observed in the cation layer. Thermally activated 180° flip‐flop motions, with a frequency of 6 MHz at room temperature and an activation energy of 31 kJ mol−1, were confirmed by temperature‐dependent 2H NMR spectra of ([D5]anilinium)‐([18]crown‐6)[Ni(dmit)2]. A double‐minimum potential for the molecular rotation of anilinium, with a barrier of approximately 40 kJ mol−1, was indicated by ab initio calculations. The wide‐line 1H NMR spectra indicated a thermally activated rotation of [18]crown‐6 at temperatures above 250 K. Therefore, multiple molecular motions of the 180° flip‐flop motion of the phenyl ring and the rotation of [18]crown‐6 occur simultaneously in the solid state. The temperature‐dependent dielectric constants revealed that the molecular motion of [18]crown‐6, other than the flip‐flop motion, dominates the dielectric response in the measured temperature and frequency range.
Erläuterungen und Beispiele zur Lastnorm DIN 1055 neu
Authors: Schroeter Heinrich 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn diesem Aufsatz wird die Gruppe der neu gefassten Normen über Lastannahmen aus der Sicht des Anwenders kritisch betrachtet. Es werden die wesentlichen nderungen gegenüber den alten Fassungen herausgestellt und auch auf die dadurch häufig vorkommenden Fehlinterpretationen der neuen Normen hingewiesen. Da der Verfasser nicht an der Neufassung mitgearbeitet hat, werden auch keine Auslegungen gegeben. Aus Platzgründen werden die Teile7, 8 und 10 nicht näher behandelt, da diese Teil e nicht bauaufsichtlich eingeführt wurden.
Perturbation of retinoic acid (RA)‐mediated limb development suggests a role for diminished RA signaling in the teratogenesis of ethanol
Authors: Johnson Corey S. , Zucker Robert M. , Hunter Edward Sidney , Sulik Kathleen K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:A proposed mechanism for ethanol teratogenicity entails ethanol‐mediated reductions in retinoic acid (RA). This premise was investigated utilizing a mouse model, with limb reduction defects as the teratogenic end point.METHODS:Ethanol, Disulfiram, or BMS‐189453 was administered to C57BL/6J mice on the 9th day of pregnancy. Forelimb morphology was assessed on gestation day 18 using Alcian blue and Alizarin red staining. Nile blue sulfate or LysoTracker Red (LTR) vital staining identified cell death in the limb bud. The ability of RA to prevent ethanol‐induced cell death was assessed by coadministration followed by laser scanning confocal microscopic examination of LTR‐staining. In situ hybridization and qPCR were used to examine gene expression in treated limb buds.RESULTS:Ethanol, Disulfiram, and BMS‐189453 resulted in postaxial ectrodactyly, intermediate ectrodactyly, and other digital defects. Excessive Nile blue sulfate staining was evident in the presumptive AER following each of the three exposures. Ethanol‐induced LTR staining was prevented by RA supplementation. Both in situ hybridization and qPCR illustrated decreases in Shh and Tbx5 in ethanol‐exposed embryos as compared to control.CONCLUSIONS:Contrary to studies of prolonged RA deficiency, acute exposure to functional antagonists of RA results in limb defects that are morphologically similar to those caused by ethanol. The rescue of ethanol‐induced cell death by RA and similar changes in Shh transcription further suggest that RA contributes to ethanol‐induced limb dysmorphology. Moreover, the repression of key mediators of limb development soon after ethanol exposure adds to the existing knowledge of the pathogenic effects of ethanol. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The model space in partial least squares regression
Authors: Pell Randy J. , Ramos L. Scott , Manne Rolf 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper documents an inconsistency caused by truncation in the conventional partial least squares (PLS) regression algorithm with one dependent variable. It is shown that the conventional PLS algorithm with orthogonal score vectors uses one model space to compute the regression vector but another model space to represent the reconstructed data. In comparison, the Bidiag2 bidiagonalization algorithm and the non‐orthogonal PLS algorithm of Martens are consistent in using the same space for the regression vector and for the reconstructed data, while the SIMPLS algorithm has the same inconsistency as the conventional PLS algorithm. The magnitude of the difference depends on the degree of truncation of the model space: it is generally larger with greater truncations but is not a monotonic function of the truncation. A numerical example demonstrates implications for outlier detection. Consistent behavior upon truncation may be important when PLS regression is implemented as part of standardized analytical procedures. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Novel Synthetic Strategy for Developing an Isospecific Unbridged Metallocene System for Propylene Polymerization
Authors: Kim Seong Kyun , Kim Hwa Kyu , Lee Min Hyung , Yoon Seung Woong , Do Youngkyu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNew unbridged zirconocenes functionalized with a Lewis base, [{1‐(E‐C6H4)‐3,4‐Me2C5H2}2ZrCl2] (E = p‐NMe2 (3); p‐OMe (4); p‐SMe (5)) were prepared and their propylene polymerization behavior was examined. Under methylaluminoxane (MAO) activation at atmospheric monomer pressure, these complexes afford mixtures of polymers exhibiting multimelting transition temperatures and broad molecular weight distribution, whereas they produce completely atactic polypropylenes under [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] activation. Stepwise solvent extraction of the polymer mixtures reveals that the polymers consist of amorphous, moderately isotactic, as well as, highly isotactic portions and the weight ratio of each portion is dependent upon reaction temperature. The generation of rigid rac‐like cationic active species in situ by the interaction between basic sites of catalysts and acidic sites of the [Me‐MAO]− counter anion is considered to be the origin of the observed isospecificity. Further investigation of bulk polymerization in liquid propylene shows not only a considerable increase of the isotactic portion of the obtained polypropylenes but also apparent isospecificity of 4 and 5/MAO systems even at high temperature. Variation of the Lewis basic center leads to a dramatic change in stereoselectivity of the catalyst in the decreasing order of 3>4≫5, in spite of their structural similarity.