bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rapid onset of antidepressant activity with venlafaxine treatment
Authors: Rickels Karl , Derivan Albert , Entsuah Richard , Miska Susan , Rudolph Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA literature review indicates that many clinical reports of rapid onset of anti‐depressant action were not supported by later clinical trials or use. In addition, few of the authors or investigators had compared results on multiple depression scales or looked at depression factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate response during the first week of clinical trials of the novel antidepressant, venlafaxine. A comprehensive evaluation was done by using efficacy data from two double‐blind placebo‐controlled studies of venlafaxine in which doses were rapidly adjusted. In one study, 323 depressed outpatients received placebo or one of three venlafaxine doses for 6 weeks; in the other study 93 depressed inpatients with melancholia received placebo or venlafaxine for 4 weeks. Venlafaxine was significantly superior to placebo in lowering total and factor scores on depression scales and increasing global improvement at 1 week. Venlafaxine‐treated patients whose doses are rapidly titrated to above 200 mg per day have improvement in depression as early as 1 week. This improvement could be important in severely depressed patients. Depression 3:146–153 (1995). © 1995 Wilsey‐Liss, Inc.
Bipolar II: Not so different when co‐morbidity excluded
Authors: Cooke Robert G. , Young L. Trevor , Levitt Anthony J. , Pearce Michelle M. , Joffe Russell T. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSubjects with unipolar depression and bipolar disorder types I and II who had been selected to be free of recent substance abuse and severe character pathology as part of their participation in two research studies, were compared on a number of clinical features. No significant differences were observed between bipolar I and II subjects on any of these measures. These results are consistent with the suggestion that previously reported differences between bipolar I and II might be attributable in part to the presence of character pathology and substance abuse in unselected bipolar II populations. Depression 3:154–156 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reactive mood and atypical depression in psychiatrically hospitalized depressed adolescents
Authors: Kaminski Kathleen M. , Naylor Michael W. , King Cheryl A. , Ghazuiddin Neera 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe undertook this study to determine the frequency of atypical depression and associated features in a sample of adolescents hospitalized for depression. One hundred and twenty‐two consecutively admitted depressed adolescents were included in the study. Each adolescent was retrospectively assessed for the presence of atypical depression based on the DSM W Atypical Feature Specifier criteria (mood reactivity plus two of four associated symptoms: hypercharge, hypersomnia, leaden paralysis, and/or a pathological sensitivity to rejection). We found that 45% of the depressed adolescents displayed a reactive mood. Seven percent of our subjects met criteria for atypical depression. An additional 7% met criteria for probable atypical depression (reactive mood plus one associated feature). Subjects with atypical depression and probable atypical depression were significantly less depressed than those with nonreactive mood. Depression 3:176–181 (1995). © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hypothesis linking the noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems in depression
Authors: Weiss Jay M. , Demetrikopoulos Melissa K. , West Charles H. K. , Bonsall Robert W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA hypothesis is presented that attempts to describe the mechanism by which noradrenergic neurons in the brain influence dopaminergic neurons to produce behavioral changes seen in depression. The historical background pointing to a norepinephrine (NE)‐dopamine (DA) interaction in depression is described. This interaction is suggested by numerous observations indicating that whereas NE is important in therapy and pathogenesis of depression, basic research implicates DA in depression‐related behavioral responses (motor activity changes, hedonic response) much more so than NE. The hypothesized NE‐DA interaction is introduced in relation to an animal model (stress‐induced behavioral depression) that has traced depressive symptomatology to abnormal activity (hyperresponsivity) of locus coeruleus (LC) neurons. Based on recent data by Grenhoff et al. (1993; J Neural Transm 93:11–25), it is suggested that the augmented burst firing of LC neurons found in behavioral depression releases galanin from LC axon terminals, and this inhibits (hyper‐polarizes) DA neurons in the ventral tegmentum (VTA) to mediate depression‐related behavioral changes. Initial results showing that microinfusion of galanin into the VTA decreases spontaneous and swim‐test motor activity of animals are described. Depression 3:225–245 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of electroconvulsive treatment on somatostattn, neuropeptide Y, endothelin, and neurokinin a concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid of depressed patients: A pilot study
Authors: Mathé A. A. , Rudorfer M. V. , Stenfors C. , Manji H. K. , Potter W. Z. , Theodorsson E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was obtained from eight drug‐free depressed patients before and 5–10 days after completion of a series of electroconvulsive treatments (ECT). Somatostatin‐ (STS), neuropeptide Y‐ (NPY), endothelin‐(ET), and neurokinin A‐ (NKA) like immunoreactivity (LI), as well as MHPG, HVA, and 5‐HIAA concentrations were determined in CSF samples. In line with previous reports, HVA and 5‐HIAA CSF concentrations were correlated and increased following ECT. The new findings are that STS‐LI, NPY‐LI, and ET‐LI were significantly elevated after the treatment. Means ± SD, pmol/l were: STS‐LI 8.6 ± 4.8 to 15.4 ± 10.8, P < 0.05; NPY‐LI 44.5 ± 8.9 to 51.4 ± 12.1, P < 0.01; ET‐LI 0.91 ± 0.27 to 1.54 ± 0.39, P <0.01. The results raise the possibility that one of ECT's mechanisms of action, consistent with the well‐documented action of electroconvulsive stimuli (ECS) on peptides in distinct rat brain regions, involves alterations of synthesis, release or clearance of SS, NPY, and ET. As seven/eight subjects improved, the findings could also depend on changes in the patients' clinical condition rather than a cascade of biochemical alterations induced by ECT. Studies in patients receiving but not responding to ECT would be necessary to decide between these possibilities. Depression 3:250–256 (1995/1996). ± 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adverse events in 583 valproate‐treated patients
Authors: Calabrese Joseph R. , Goethe John W. , Kayser Allen , Marcotte David B. , Monagin John A. , Kimmel Susan E. , Brugger Andrew M. , Morris David , Fatemi S. Hossein 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDouble‐blind placebo‐controlled studies indicate that valproate is an effective therapy for bipolar mania. The objective of this research was to evaluate the profile of adverse events associated with the medical management of bipolar disorder when valproate was administered with routine adjunctive psychotropic agents. A structured retrospective chart review for adverse events was done in 583 valproate‐treated bipolar patients across five medical centers. Valproate was used for 3 months by 392 patients and >1 year in 168. For 961 patient‐years, 97% patients were treated concomitantly with other medications. Eighty‐three percent of patients were comorbid, with clinically significant medical illnesses. The average total daily dose of valproate was approximately 1400 mg and serum level was 82 μg/ml. Consistent with prior reports in epilepsy, adverse events associated with valproate included (in order of decreasing prevalence) tremor, nausea, somnolence, hair changes/thinning, asthenia, diarrhea, weight gain, dizziness, abdominal pain/stomach cramping, benign thrombocytopenia, headaches, and vomiting. These data suggest that when valproate is openly administered with a wide array of other psychiatric medications over relatively long periods, as is frequently the case in routine clinical practice, the profile of valproate‐related adverse events is similar to those already observed in the treatment of epilepsy. Depression 3:257–262 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Responsivity of allergic depressed subjects to antidepressant medication: A preliminary study
Authors: Kennedy Barbara L. , Morris Richard L. , Schwab John J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of allergies in 52 patients with major depression was higher than that reported in the general population. After 8 weeks of treatment with either one of two serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or the heterocyclic antidepressant that we used in the clinical trials, the non‐allergic depressed had a significantly greater response than the partial response of the allergic depressed as measured by decreases in HAM‐D scores from baseline to the end of 8 weeks. Also, all of the non‐allergic depressed responded to antidepressants whereas slightly fewer than one‐half of the allergic depressed did so. Moreover, after the 8 weeks there were no differences between the HAM‐D scores of the allergic depressed receiving active medication and those receiving placebos whereas the HAM‐D scores of the non‐allergic were significantly lower than those of the placebo group. Although the results are only preliminary observations, they have clinical implications. There is a need for investigators conducting clinical drug trials and for practitioners to obtain information about each depressed patient's allergy status. The discussion focuses on possible methodologic and other explanations for the lower responsivity of the depressed allergic than the non‐allergic to antidepressants and also on the need for additional studies to determine whether the results can be replicated. Depression 3:286–289 (1995/1996). © 1996 WIey‐Liss, Inc.
Lifestyle regularity and activity level as protective factors against bereavement‐related depression in late‐life
Authors: Prigerson Holly G. , Monk Timothy H. , Reynolds Charles F. , Begley Amy , Houck Patricia R. , Bierhals Andrew J. , Kupfer David J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study sought to determine whether high regularity in the timing of daily activities among the elderly soon after spousal death was protective against depressive symptomatology 1 and 2 years later, and the degree to which the depression‐buffering effects of high lifestyle regularity were contingent upon the level of activity performed. The regularity of daily activities was assessed at 3 months post‐loss among 41 spousally bereaved subjects aged 60 and above; depressive symptomatology was measured at 3, 12, and 24 months post‐loss. Multiple regression analyses revealed that greater lifestyle regularity at 3 months post‐loss predicted lower levels of depressive symptoms at 1 year post‐loss among those in the upper‐half level of activity. There was a trend, which suggested that greater lifestyle regularity at 3 months post‐loss was associated with lower levels of depressive symptoms at 24 months post‐loss among those in the upper‐third level of activity. These preliminary results suggest that for aged widows and widowers, lifestyle regularity may prevent long‐lasting depressive symptomatology secondary to spousal bereavement, provided an adequate number of activities are performed. Depression 3:297–302 (1995/1996). © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manipulation of NK cytotoxicity by the IAP family member Livin
Authors: Nachmias Boaz , Mizrahi Sa'ar , Elmalech Meital , Lazar Itay , Ashhab Yaqoub , Gazit Roi , Markel Gal , Ben‐Yehuda Dina , Mandelboim Ofer 
Published: November 2007

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system, capable of killing tumor and virally infected cells. NK cells induce apoptosis in the target cell by either granule‐ or receptor‐mediated pathways. A set of inhibitory and activation ligands governs NK cell activation. As transformed cells often attempt to evade NK cell killing, up‐regulation of a potential anti‐apoptotic factor should provide a survival advantage. The inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family can inhibit apoptosis induced by a variety of stimuli. We have previously described a new IAP family member, termed Livin, which has two splice variants (α and β) with differential anti‐apoptotic activities. In this study, we explore the ability of Livin to inhibit NK cell‐induced killing. We demonstrate that Livin β moderately protects against NK cell killing whereas Livin α augments killing. We show that Livin β inhibition in Jurkat cells is apparent upon concomitant activation of an inhibitory signal, suggesting that Livin augments an extrinsic inhibitory signal rather than functioning as an independent inhibitory mechanism. Finally, we demonstrate that detection of both Livin isoforms in melanoma cells correlates with a low killing rate. To date, this is the first evidence that directly demonstrates the ability of IAP to protect against NK cell‐induced apoptosis.
Selective silencing of DNA‐specific B lymphocytes delays lupus activity in MRL/lpr mice
Authors: Tchorbanov Andrey I. , Voynova Elisaveta N. , Mihaylova Nikolina M. , Todorov Todor A. , Nikolova Maria , Yomtova Vihra M. , Chiang Bor‐Luen , Vassilev Tchavdar L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe pathological DNA‐specific B lymphocytes in lupus are logical targets for a selected therapeutic intervention. We have hypothesized that it should be possible to suppress selectively the activity of these B cells in lupus mice by administering to them an artificial molecule that cross‐links their surface immunoglobulins with the inhibitory FcγIIb surface receptors. A hybrid molecule was constructed by coupling the DNA‐mimicking DWEYSVWLSN peptide to a monoclonal anti‐mouse FcγRIIb antibody. This chimeric antibody was added to cultured spleen cells from sick MRL/lpr mice, immunized with diphtheria toxoid, resulting in reduction of the numbers of anti‐DNA but not of anti‐diphtheria IgG antibody‐producing cells. Intravenous infusions with the DNA‐peptide antibody chimera to 7‐wk‐old animals prevented the appearance of IgG anti‐DNA antibodies and of albuminuria in the next 2 months. The administration of the DNA‐peptide chimeric antibody to 18 wk‐old mice with full‐blown disease resulted in the maintenance of a flat level of IgG anti‐DNA antibodies and in delay of the aggravation of the lupus glomerulonephritis. The use of chimeric antibodies targeting inhibitory B lymphocyte receptors represents a novel approach for the selective suppression of autoreactive disease‐associated B cells in autoimmune diseases.
The activity of lipopeptide TLR2 agonists critically depends on the presence of solubilizers
Authors: Voss Söhnke , Ulmer Artur J. , Jung Günther , Wiesmüller Karl‐Heinz , Brock Roland 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLipoproteins activate cells of the innate immune system via heteromers of Toll‐like receptor (TLR) 2 with either TLR1 or TLR6. In spite of progress in understanding TLR‐dependent signal transduction and the pathophysiological relevance of TLR2, the molecular basis of ligand recognition by this receptor is poorly defined. Here, we show that the bioactivity of lipopeptides (LP) critically depends on the dilution protocol and especially the presence of proteins or detergents acting as solubilizers. Fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of fluorescently labeled analogs of synthetic LP revealed that the LP form aggregates in solution. Dilution into protein‐ and serum‐free buffers led to a complete loss of activity due to formation of large and highly heterogeneous aggregates. When dimethylsulfoxide stock solutions were diluted into BSA or serum‐containing buffers particles of strongly reduced size were obtained. For some LP, an intermediary dilution step either with tert.‐butyl alcohol/H2O (4:1) or with octyl‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside further increased activity. For a panel of LP exhibiting very different activities when diluted directly into protein‐containing solutions, introduction of this dilution step resulted in comparable bioactivities. These results demonstrate the significance of solubilizing agents for the bioactivity of LP and are highly relevant for analyzing structure‐activity relationships of LP‐dependent TLR2 activation.
Anti‐chromatin antibodies drive in vivo antigen‐specific activation and somatic hypermutation of rheumatoid factor B cells at extrafollicular sites
Authors: Herlands Robin A. , William Jacqueline , Hershberg Uri , Shlomchik Mark J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA dominant type of spontaneous autoreactive B cell activation in murine lupus is the extrafollicular generation of plasmablasts. The factors governing such activation have been difficult to identify due to the stochastic onset and chronic nature of the response. Thus, the ability to induce a similar autoreactive B cell response with a known autoantigen in vivo would be a powerful tool in deciphering how autoimmune responses are initiated. We report here the establishment and characterization of a system to initiate autoreactive extrafollicular B cell responses, using IgG anti‐chromatin antibodies, that closely mirrors the spontaneous response. We demonstrate that exogenously administered anti‐chromatin antibody, presumably by forming immune complexes with released nuclear material, drives activation of rheumatoid factor B cells in AM14 Tg mice. Anti‐chromatin elicits autoreactive B cell activation and development into antibody‐forming cells at the T zone/red pulp border. Plasmablast generation occurs equally in BALB/c, MRL/+ and MRL/lpr mice, indicating that an autoimmune‐prone genetic background is not required for the induced response. Importantly, infused IgG anti‐chromatin induces somatic hypermutation in the absence of a GC response, thus proving the extrafollicular somatic hypermutation pathway. This system provides a window on the initiation of an autoantibody response and reveals authentic initiators of it.
Covariance estimation for multivariate conditionally Gaussian dynamic linear models
Authors: Triantafyllopoulos K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn multivariate time series, estimation of the covariance matrix of observation innovations plays an important role in forecasting as it enables computation of standardized forecast error vectors as well as the computation of confidence bounds of forecasts. We develop an online, non‐iterative Bayesian algorithm for estimation and forecasting. It is empirically found that, for a range of simulated time series, the proposed covariance estimator has good performance converging to the true values of the unknown observation covariance matrix. Over a simulated time series, the new method approximates the correct estimates, produced by a non‐sequential Monte Carlo simulation procedure, which is used here as the gold standard. The special, but important, vector autoregressive (VAR) and time‐varying VAR models are illustrated by considering London metal exchange data consisting of spot prices of aluminium, copper, lead and zinc. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydrothermal catalytic conversion of biomass for lactic acid production
Authors: Kong Lingzhao , Li Guangming , Wang Hua , He Wenzhi , Ling Fang 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe production of lactic acid has increased owing to growing polymer markets, increased demand in the chemical sector and many applications in the food industry. Biomass hydrothermal decomposition is potentially a method for lactic acid production. To obtain a higher yield of lactic acid, the influence of metal ions (Zn(II), Ni(II),Co(II) and Cr(III)) on biomass decomposition in sub‐critical water (T = 300 °C) was investigated and the catalyst function in the complex reaction network of biomass degradation was discussed. In comparison with a non‐catalytic process, the addition of 400 ppm Ni(II) catalyst increased the yield of lactic acid from 3.25% to 6.62% at 300 °C and 120 s for microcrystalline cellulose. The lactic acid yield for glucose was 9.51% for 400 ppm Co(II) catalyst at 300 °C and 120 s. In the case of Cr(III) and Ni(II), the conversion of maize straw, sawdust and rice husk first increased, and then decreased from 0 to 800 ppm. For catalyst Cr(III), Zn(II) and Ni(II), the conversion of wheat bran indicated a decreasing trend. Transition metal ions have a great influence on raw materials conversion to lactic acid. In the conversion of pyruvaldehyde to lactic acid, the ionic catalyzed Cannizzaro‐type reaction would take place. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Reconstruction of winter climate variations during the 19th century in Japan
Authors: Hirano Junpei , Mikami Takehiko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn attempt was made to reconstruct winter climate conditions in Japan for the period 1810/1811 to 1858/1859 on the basis of daily weather records documented in old diaries. Daily weather maps for each winter were drawn using 19th century weather records collected by our research group. Maps were divided into five types by classifying daily snowfall and rainfall distributions and the occurrence frequencies of each weather pattern for the period 1810/1811 to 1858/1859 were analysed. It was found that the occurrence frequencies of winter monsoon weather patterns were high from the late 1820s to the early 1840s. This period almost coincided with a summer cold period in the 19th century. The result implies that strengthening of a cold air mass around Japan occurred in the late 1820s, not only in summer but also in winter. The frequencies of the typical winter monsoon patterns correspond with the freezing dates of Lake Suwa, which have been used as an indicator of winter coldness in previous studies. On the basis of the frequencies of the winter monsoon weather patterns, mean January temperatures for western Japan were estimated. In the time series of estimated temperatures, a cooling period from the late 1820s to the early 1830s was revealed. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Application of multilayered particles formed by poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(N‐methylpyrrole) as anti‐corrosive additives of conventional organic coatings
Authors: Aradilla D. , Ocampo C. , Armelin E. , Alemán C. , Oliver R. , Estrany F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMultilayered systems containing 3 or 5 layers of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) and poly(N‐methylpyrrole) have been prepared using a layer‐by‐layer electrodeposition technique. These multilayered systems have been found to present very high electroactivities suggesting that their performance as anti‐corrosive additive of conventional organic coatings (paints) could be even better than that of single‐component conducting polymers. The performance of the prepared multilayered systems as anti‐corrosive additives of epoxy paints has been checked. For this purpose, accelerated corrosion tests were performed using an aggressive solution medium. Analysis of the corroded area indicates that the addition of a low concentration (0.2% w/w) of these multilayered systems to the paint formulation enhances significantly the corrosion protection imparted by the coating.