bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of association of SNPs in the TNF alpha gene region with schizophrenia
Authors: Morar B. , Schwab S.G. , Albus M. , Maier W. , Lerer B. , Wildenauer D.B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe association of the tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) −G308A promoter polymorphism with schizophrenia has complemented clinical findings of increased levels of the TNFα cytokine in schizophrenic patients, with some support for a functional consequence of the variant. Our previous studies of genetic causes in schizophrenia supported findings of linkage to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region where the TNFα gene is located as well as association with the −G308A promoter polymorphism. While the common G‐allele shows association in our sample, association with the A‐allele has been reported by other groups. This suggests linkage disequilibrium (LD) rather than direct involvement in the disorder. In order to define LD of DNA variants with the disorder in this area, we analyzed 36 SNPs in a 165‐kb region around this polymorphism. We detected nominally significant associations (P < 0.05) of three markers (including the −G308A promoter polymorphism) and multiple haplotypes with schizophrenia in our sample of 204 families (79 sib‐pairs and 125 trios). The association is largely restricted to a 30 kb high LD region/block and should assist in the identification of a schizophrenia susceptibility gene within the block or elsewhere in the MHC. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perinatal size and maturation of the olfactory and vomeronasal neuroepithelia in lorisoids and lemuroids
Authors: Smith Timothy D. , Alport Laura J. , Burrows Anne M. , Bhatnagar Kunwar P. , Dennis John C. , Tuladhar Praphul , Morrison Edward E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractExplanations for the chemosensory abilities of newborn mammals focus primarily on food (milk) acquisition and communication (e.g., maternal–infant bonding). However, the relative importance of the main and accessory (vomeronasal) olfactory systems is hypothesized to differ at birth between altricial and precocial mammals. Strepsirrhines (lemurs and lorises) possess main and accessory olfactory systems, and vary in life‐history traits related to infant dependency and maturation. Accordingly, this study examines the size and maturational characteristics of vomeronasal (VNNE) and olfactory (OE) neuroepithelia in strepsirrhines. Serially sectioned heads of 18 infant cadavers were examined microscopically for neuroepithelial distribution. Measurements were taken on the length of the nasal fossa on one side that was occupied by VNNE and OE. The data were corrected for body size using the cranial length or body mass, and were then examined for correlation with several life‐history variables, as well as activity pattern. In addition, immunohistochemistry was used to identify cells in the VNNE and OE that express olfactory marker protein (OMP), a marker of mature olfactory neurons. Relative OE extent was not significantly correlated with any of the life‐history variables. Relative VNNE length was negatively correlated with relative gestation length and relative neonatal mass (P<0.05). However, when we corrected for phylogenetic relationships, we found no significant correlations between either of the neuroepithelial measurements and life‐history variables. Immunohistochemical findings suggest that OE has more OMP‐reactive cells than VNNE in all species. OMP‐reactive cells appear to be less numerous in diurnal species compared to most nocturnal species. These results indicate that the VNNE may be relatively longer at birth in altricial species. However, it remains uncertain how phylogeny and/or ontogeny may explain these findings. Am. J. Primatol. 69:74–85, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Not all lorises are slow: rapid arboreal locomotion in Loris tardigradus of Southwestern Sri Lanka
Authors: Nekaris K.A.I. , Stevens N.J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe unique slow‐climbing quadrupedalism of Asian lorises has been the subject of numerous studies; however, qualitative observations of more rapid locomotion have occasionally been reported. Field studies of the red slender loris have revealed the habitual use of unexpectedly high‐speed locomotion by the so‐called “sloth of the primate world.” Novel video footage permitted the first quantitative kinematic analysis of rapid quadrupedalism in wild lorises. Observations revealed that this previously unexplored behavior is far from infrequent, with 26% of red slender loris locomotor activity being dedicated to high‐velocity arboreal quadrupedalism. This locomotor pattern may represent a primitive retention of the rapid, scrambling quadrupedalism that is observed in other strepsirhines, or it may constitute a more recent specialization of this smallest loris taxon. Am. J. Primatol. 69:112–120, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interference of tributyltin(IV)chloride on the vascular plant cells
Authors: Caratozzolo R. , Bellini E. , Melati M. R. , Pellerito C. , Fiore T. , D'Agati P. , Scopelliti M. , Pellerito L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn the recent past years, interest in the environmental impact of organotin(IV) compounds has risen markedly. Considering that most data in the scientific literature refers to the animal kingdom and not to higher plants cells, we tested the effects of organotin compounds on vascular plant cells, by studying the interaction of tributyltin chloride (TBTCl) with Allium cepa, Solanun tuberosum and Solanum melongena, vascular plants that are directly involved in the human food chain. The TBTCl effects on mitotic metaphase plates, on pollen grains and on both microtubers and adult tuber parenchymatic cells were investigated and the concentrations of TBTCl inside the treated parenchymatic cells were determined through ICP‐mass spectrometry. Oxygen and chlorophyll productions were also determined. The obtained results showed that TBTCl influenced not only morphology, but also the physiology of the vegetable cells since, despite the low concentrations used, the stress the cells were submitted to was experimentally confirmed. Moreover, the increase in the tin concentration in the cells, with increasing incubation time, showed that TBTCl possesses a very high capacity to be bioaccumulated and, as a consequence, it is able to enter the food chain. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Osmium Complexes with Tridentate 6‐Pyrazol‐3‐yl 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands: Coarse Tuning of Phosphorescence from the Red to the Near‐Infrared Region
Authors: Chen Kellen , Cheng Yi‐Ming , Chi Yun , Ho Mei‐Lin , Lai Chin‐Hung , Chou Pi‐Tai , Peng Shie‐Ming , Lee Gene‐Hsiang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have prepared and characterized a series of osmium complexes [Os2(CO)4(fpbpy)2] (1), [Os(CO)(fpbpy)2] (2), and [Os(fpbpy)2] (3) with tridentate 6‐pyrazol‐3‐yl 2,2′‐bipyridine chelating ligands. Upon the transformation of complex 2 into 3 through the elimination of the CO ligand, an extremely large change in the phosphorescence wavelength from 655 to 935 nm was observed. The results are rationalized qualitatively by the strong π‐accepting character of CO, which lowers the energy of the osmium dπ orbital, in combination with the lower degree of π conjugation in 2 owing to the absence of one possible pyridine‐binding site. As a result, the energy gap for both intraligand π–π* charge transfer (ILCT) and metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) is significantly greater in 2. Firm support for this explanation was also provided by the time‐dependent DFT approach, the results of which led to the conclusion that the S0→T1 transition mainly involves MLCT between the osmium center and bipyridine in combination with pyrazolate‐to‐bipyridine 3π–π* ILCT. The relatively weak near‐infrared emission can be rationalized tentatively by the energy‐gap law, according to which the radiationless deactivation may be governed by certain low‐frequency motions with a high density of states. The information provided should allow the successful design of other emissive tridentate metal complexes, the physical properties of which could be significantly different from those of complexes with only a bidentate chromophore.
Thermodynamic Parameters for the Association of Fluorinated Benzenesulfonamides with Bovine Carbonic Anhydrase II
Authors: Krishnamurthy Vijay M. , Bohall Brooks R. , Kim Chu‐Young , Moustakas Demetri T. , Christianson David W. , Whitesides George M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper describes a calorimetric study of the association of a series of seven fluorinated benzenesulfonamide ligands (C6HnF5−nSO2NH2) with bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA). Quantitative structure–activity relationships between the free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of binding and pKa and log P of the ligands allowed the evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters in terms of the two independent effects of fluorination on the ligand: its electrostatic potential and its hydrophobicity. The parameters were partitioned to the three different structural interactions between the ligand and BCA: the ZnII cofactor–sulfonamide bond (≈65 % of the free energy of binding), the hydrogen bonds between the ligand and BCA (≈10 %), and the contacts between the phenyl ring of the ligand and BCA (≈25 %). Calorimetry revealed that all of the ligands studied bind in a 1:1 stoichiometry with BCA; this result was confirmed by 19F NMR spectroscopy and X‐ray crystallography (for complexes with human carbonic anhydrase II).
Covalent immobilization of redox enzyme on electrospun nonwoven poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid) nanofiber mesh filled with carbon nanotubes: A comprehensive study
Authors: Wang Zhen‐Gang , Ke Bei‐Bei , Xu Zhi‐Kang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work, novel conductive composite nanofiber mesh possessing reactive groups was electrospun from solutions containing poly(acrylonitrile‐co‐acrylic acid) (PANCAA) and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) for redoxase immobilization, assuming that the incorporated MWCNTs could behave as electrons transferor during enzyme catalysis. The covalent immobilization of catalase from bovine liver on the neat PANCAA nanofiber mesh or the composite one was processed in the presence of EDC/NHS. Results indicated that both the amount and activity retention of bound catalase on the composite nanofiber mesh were higher than those on the neat PANCAA nanofiber mesh, and the activity increased up to 42%. Kinetic parameters, Km and Vmax, for the catalases immobilized on the composite nanofiber mesh were lower and higher than those on the neat one, respectively. This enhanced activity might be ascribed to either promoted electron transfer through charge‐transfer complexes and the π system of carbon nanotubes or rendered biocompatibility by modified MWCNTs. Furthermore, the immobilized catalases revealed much more stability after MWCNTs were incorporated into the polymer nanofiber mesh. However, there was no significant difference in optimum pH value and temperature, thermal stability and operational stability between these two immobilized preparations, while the two ones appeared more advantageous than the free in these properties. The effect of MWCNTs incorporation on another redox enzyme, peroxidase, was also studied and it was found that the activity increased by 68% in comparison of composite one with neat preparation. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 708–720. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cysteine‐Specific, Covalent Anchoring of Transition Organometallic Complexes to the Protein Papain from Carica papaya
Authors: Haquette Pierre , Salmain Michèle , Svedlung Karolina , Martel Annie , Rudolf Bogna , Zakrzewski Janusz , Cordier Stéphane , Roisnel Thierry , Fosse Céline , Jaouen Gérard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSite‐directed and covalent introduction of various transition metal–organic entities to the active site of the cysteine endoproteinase, papain, was achieved by treatment of this enzyme with a series of organometallic maleimide derivatives specially designed for the purpose. Kinetic studies made it clear that time‐dependent irreversible inactivation of papain occurred in the presence of these organometallic maleimides as a result of Michael addition of the sulfhydryl of Cys25. The rate and mechanism of inactivation were highly dependent on the structure of the organometallic entity attached to the maleimide group. Combined ESI‐MS and IR analysis indicated that all the resulting papain adducts contained one organometallic moiety per protein molecule. This confirmed that chemospecific introduction of the metal complexes was indeed achieved. Thus, three novel reagents for heavy‐atom derivatization of protein crystals, which include ruthenium, rhenium and tungsten, are now available for the introduction of electron‐dense scatterers for phasing of X‐ray crystallographic data.
The CAPTURE registry: Results of carotid stenting with embolic protection in the post approval setting
Authors: Gray William A. , Yadav Jay S. , Verta Patrick , Scicli Andrea , Fairman Ronald , Wholey Mark , Hopkins L. Nelson , Atkinson Richard , Raabe Rod , Barnwell Stanley , Green Richard 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: Pivotal study data examining carotid stenting with embolic protection as a less invasive alternative to endarterectomy for high surgical risk patients have been acquired under controlled conditions with highly selected physicians and hospitals. This report examines outcomes of carotid stenting post‐approval after diffusion of this technology to a broader cross‐section of physicians and hospitals. Methods: The Carotid Acculink/Accunet Post‐Approval Trial to Uncover Unanticipated or Rare Events (CAPTURE) is a prospective, multi‐center registry to assess two important aspects of the post‐IDE experience: the safety of carotid stenting by physicians with varying levels of experience as a measure of the adequacy of physician training, and the identification of rare/unexpected device‐related complications. The primary endpoint was a composite of death, any stroke, or myocardial infarction within 30 days post‐procedure. Results: 3,500 patients were enrolled by 353 physicians at 144 sites. The 30‐day primary endpoint event rate was 6.3% (95% CI: 5.5–7.1%) and did not differ among the three operator experience levels (5.3%, 6.0%, and 7.4%; P = 0.31) from most to least experienced, respectively. There were no differences in outcomes among physician specialties when adjusted for case mix. There were no unanticipated device related adverse events. Conclusions: The results of the CAPTURE study compare favorably to those achieved in the predicate pivotal investigations, and suggest that the post‐approval transfer of this new therapy to the community practice setting via carotid stent training programs is effective in preparing physicians with varying experience levels and specialty training backgrounds. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental and Theoretical Studies on Oligomer Formation of N‐Confused Porphyrin–Zinc(II) Complexes
Authors: Toganoh Motoki , Harada Naoyuki , Morimoto Tatsuki , Furuta Hiroyuki 
Published: December 2006

AbstractDimer formation of the N‐confused porphyrin zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) complexes was investigated experimentally as well as theoretically. The stable dimers were formed through coordination of the peripheral nitrogen atoms owing to flexible rotation of the confused pyrrole rings. The Z dimers were significantly more stable than the E dimers likely due to π–π interaction between the two confused pyrrole rings. The possible formation of higher oligomers such as trimers was suggested in the case of meso‐unsubstituted derivatives.
2,2′‐Biphosphinines and 2,2′‐Bipyridines in Homoleptic Dianionic Group 4 Complexes and Neutral 2,2′‐Biphosphinine Group 6 d6 Metal Complexes: Octahedral versus Trigonal‐Prismatic Geometries
Authors: Lesnard Hervé , Cantat Thibault , Le Floch Pascal , Demachy Isabelle , Jean Yves 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe geometric and electronic structure of formally d6 tris‐biphosphinine [M(bp)3]q and tris‐bipyridine [M(bpy)3]q complexes were studied by means of DFT calculations with the B3LYP functional. In agreement with the available experimental data, Group 4 dianionic [M(bp)3]2− complexes (1P–3P for M=Ti, Zr, and Hf, respectively) adopt a trigonal‐prismatic (TP) structure, whereas the geometry of their nitrogen analogues [M(bpy)3]2− (1N–3N) is nearly octahedral (OC), although a secondary minimum was found for the TP structures (1N′–3N′). The electronic factors at work in these systems are discussed by means of an MO analysis of the minima, MO correlation diagrams, and thermodynamic cycles connecting the octahedral and trigonal‐prismatic limits. In all these complexes, pronounced electron transfer from the metal center to the lowest lying π* ligand orbitals makes the d6 electron count purely formal. However, it is shown that the bp and bpy ligands accommodate the release of electron density from the metal in different ways because of a change in the localization of the HOMO, which is a mainly metal‐centered orbital in bp complexes and a pure π* ligand orbital in bpy complexes. The energetic evolution of the HOMO allows a simple rationalization of the progressive change from the TP to the OC structure on successive oxidation of the [Zr(bp)3]2− complex, a trend in agreement with the experimental structure of the monoanionic complex. The geometry of Group 6 neutral complexes [M(bp)3] (4P and 5P for M=Mo and W, respectively) is found to be intermediate between the TP and OC limits, as previously shown experimentally for the tungsten complex. The electron transfer from the metal center to the lowest lying π* ligand orbitals is found to be significantly smaller than for the Group 4 dianionic analogues. The geometrical change between [Zr(bp)3]2− and [W(bp)3] is analyzed by means of a thermodynamic cycle and it is shown that a larger ligand–ligand repulsion plays an important role in favoring the distortion of the tungsten complex away from the TP structure.
Helical Complexes Containing Diamide‐Bridged Benzene‐o‐dithiolato/Catecholato Ligands
Authors: Schulze Isfort Christian , Kreickmann Thorsten , Pape Tania , Fröhlich Roland , Hahn F. Ekkehardt 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe benzene‐o‐dithiol/catechol ligands H4‐2 and H4‐3 react with [TiO(acac)2] to give the dinuclear, double‐stranded anionic complexes [Ti2(L)2(μ‐OCH3)2]2− ([22]2−, L=24−; [23]2−, L=34−). NMR spectroscopic investigations reveal that the complex anion [Ti2(2)2(μ‐OCH3)2]2− is formed as a mixture of three of four possible isomers/pairs of enantiomers, whereas only one isomer of the complex anion [Ti2(3)2(μ‐OCH3)2]2− is obtained. The crystal structure analysis of (PNP)2[Ti2(3)2(μ‐OCH3)2] shows a parallel orientation of the ligand strands, whereas the structure determination for (AsPh4)2[Ti2(2)2(μ‐OCH3)2] does not yield conclusive results about the orientation of the ligand strands due the presence of different isomers in solution, the possible co‐crystallisation of different isomers and severe disorder in the crystal. NMR spectroscopy shows that ligand H4‐3 reacts at elevated temperature with [TiO(acac)2] to give the triple‐stranded helicate (PNP)4[Ti2(3)3] ((PNP)4[24]) as a mixture of two isomers, one with a parallel orientation of the ligand strands and one with an antiparallel orientation. Exclusively the triple‐stranded helicates [Ti2(L)3]4− ([25]4−, L=14−; [26]2−, L=44−) are formed in the reaction of ligands H4‐1 and H4‐4 with [TiO(acac)2]. The molecular structures of Na(PNP)3[Ti2(1)3]⋅CH3OH⋅H2O⋅Et2O (Na(PNP)3[25]⋅CH3OH⋅H2O⋅Et2O) and Na1.5(PNP)6.5[Ti2(4)3]2⋅3 DMF (Na1.5(PNP)6.5[26]2⋅3 DMF) reveal a parallel orientation of the ligand strands in both complexes, which is retained in solution. The sodium cations present in the crystal structures lead to two different kinds of aggregation in the solid state. Na‐[25]‐Na‐[25]‐Na polymeric chains are formed from compound Na(PNP)3[25], with the sodium cations coordinated by the carbonyl groups of two ligand strands from two different [Ti2(1)3]4− ions in addition to solvent molecules. In contrast to this, two [Ti2(4)3]4− ions are connected by a sodium cation that is coordinated by the three meta oxygen atoms of the catecholato groups of each complex tetraanion to form a central {NaO6} octahedron in the anionic pentanuclear complex {[26]‐Na‐[26]}7−.
Electrochemical, Pulsed‐Field‐Gradient Spin‐Echo NMR Spectroscopic, and ESR Spectroscopic Study of the Diffusivity of Molecular Probes inside Gel‐Type Cross‐Linked Polymers
Authors: Corain Benedetto , D'Archivio Angelo A. , Galantini Luciano , Lora Silvano , Isse Abdirisak A. , Maran Flavio 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe permeability of five gel‐type synthetic resins, obtained by polymerization of 1‐vinylpyrrolidin‐2‐one cross‐linked withN,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt %) and swollen byN,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), has been analyzed. The diffusion of 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐4‐oxo‐1‐piperidinyloxyl (TEMPONE) was studied by ultramicroelectrode voltammetry. Similar measurements were performed for solutions of non‐cross‐linked poly(vinylpyrrolidone) in DMF. To provide information on the rotational mobility of TEMPONE and the translational mobility of DMF, electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopic and pulsed‐field‐gradient spin‐echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PGSE‐NMR) spectroscopic experiments, respectively, were carried out. Comparative analysis of the results obtained by electrochemical, ESR spectroscopic, and PGSE‐NMR spectroscopic measurements showed that diffusivity inside the polymer framework is significantly affected by the extent of cross‐linking, the size of the diffusing probe, and the presence of electrolytes.
The 1/1 and 2/1 Approximants in the Sc—Mg—Zn Quasicrystal System: Triacontahedral Clusters as Fundamental Building Blocks.
Authors: Lin Qisheng , Corbett John D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and the Crystal and Electronic Structure of Hg4AsI5.
Authors: Oleneva O. S. , Shestimerova T. A. , Olenev A. V. , Dikarev E. V. , Shevelkov A. V. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sm2NiSn4: The Intermediate Structure Type Between ZrSi2 and CeNiSi2.
Authors: Sun Zhong‐Ming , Pan Da‐Chun , Lei Xiao‐Wu , Mao Jiang‐Gao 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Structure Property Relationships in the ATi2O4 (A: Na, Ca) Family of Reduced Titanates.
Authors: Geselbracht Margret J. , Erickson Ann S. , Rogge Matthew P. , Greedan John E. , Walton Richard I. , Stoltzfus Matthew W. , Eng Hank W. , Woodward Patrick M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mechanosynthesis of the Ferroelectric Materials Ba2ANb5O15 (A: K, Na, Li).
Authors: Khachane M. , Moure A. , Elaatmani M. , Zegzouti A. , Daoud M. , Castro A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
High Pressure Synthesis, Crystal, Magnetic Structure and Magnetotransport of SrFe0.5Co0.5O3‐δ.
Authors: Munoz A. , Alonso J. A. , Martinez‐Lope M. J. , de la Calle C. , Fernandez‐Diaz M. T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.