bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reconstruction of neutrino interactions in SAND
with an innovative liquid Argon imaging detector
Authors: Pia V. ,   the DUNE collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment will be a next-generation neutrino oscillation
long-baseline accelerator experiment with the aim of determining the still unknown neutrino
oscillation parameters, observing proton decay and detecting supernova neutrinos exploiting a
Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers (LArTPC) of unprecedented size. However, despite their
successful application in neutrino and DM experiments, the performances of LArTPCs are limited in
high intensity environments, such as in near-site detectors on neutrino beams, due to the long
drift time needed to collect the ionisation charge. The design of SAND at the DUNE Near Detector
complex includes a 1-ton LAr target -GRAIN (Granular Argon for Interaction of Neutrinos)- designed
to overcome such limitation by imaging the scintillation light produced in neutrino
interactions. By capturing “pictures” of the LAr (or LXe), GRAIN will allow to reconstruct the
event topologies and energy deposition. Using this information, and that provided by the SAND
electromagnetic calorimeter and target tracker system, SAND will allow on-axis beam monitoring,
the control of systematics uncertainties for the oscillation analysis, precision measurements of
neutrino cross-sections, and beyond Standard Model searches.
The trigger system for the HIRFL-CSR external-target experiment
Authors: Guo Dong , Xu Haoqian , Qi DongDong , Wang Hexiang , Huang Shiya , Zhang Lei , Sun Zhengyang , Qin Zhi , Wang Botan , Zhou Yingjie , Wang Zekun , Yang Yuansheng , Qin Yuhao , Wei Xianglun , Yang Herun , Qin Jiajun , Yu Yuhong , Zhao Lei , Xiao Zhigang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A trigger system has been designed and implemented for the
external-target experiment (CEE), which is under construction at the
heavy ion facility in Lanzhou, cooling storage ring (HIRFL-CSR). The
experiment aims at studying high-density nuclear matter properties
with heavy ion collisions in the GeV energy regime. The trigger
system adopts a master-slave structure and a serial data
transmission mode using optical fiber to deal with multi
subdetectors and long-distance signal flow. The trigger logic, based
on the field programmable gate array (FPGA) technologies, can be
accessed by means of command register and remotely reconfigured
online according to the experimental settings. The trigger system
has been tested in a test beam experiment involving the subdetector
prototypes. It is demonstrated that the trigger system functions
correctly and meets physical requirements of the experiment.
Wilde in the American Imagination
Authors: Hext Kate 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter tells the story of Oscar Wilde’s place in American culture from his lecture tour in 1882 up to the first Nickelodeon shorts and early short movies adapting his works. It argues that Wilde’s image in America was as an entertainer, illustrating how this was defined between 1900 and 1930 in newspaper offices and onstage, both in New York and beyond in provincial theatres. In these decades, Wilde and The Picture of Dorian Gray, Salome, Lady Windermere’s Fan, and The Importance of Being Earnest were conceived as modern, bohemian, and saucy. It was inevitable that they would be adapted to the screen—but how? The chapter ends with a discussion of Robert Ross’s ill-fated attempts to get Wilde’s works adapted in America, drawing on archival evidence of the fallout between Wilde’s Estate and Daniel Frohman, movie producer and the owner of Wilde’s American performance rights.
Salome on Sunset Boulevard
Authors: Hext Kate 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on Alla Nazimova’s avant-garde adaptation of Wilde’s play Salome (1922). It locates Nazimova’s film as the epitome of Hollywood in the early 1920s: a booming industry that was developing new cinema techniques at speed, while poised between popular entertainment and experimental art; created by an émigré community, and full of possibility but with increasing concerns about the morality of its subjects. It traces how Nazimova’s vision of Wilde was defined in Moscow, with the film coming about after her attempt to adapt Pierre Louӱs’s Aphrodite. It analyses how the set and costume designs by Natacha Rambova, that drew on Aubrey Beardsley’s illustrations, encoded a homoerotic vision of Salome, at odds with ‘American values’. It ends with a discussion of how Nazimova, Wilde, and Salome influenced Sunset Boulevard (1950).
Using instrumental variables to address unmeasured confounding in causal mediation analysis
Authors: Rudolph Kara E , Williams Nicholas , Díaz Iván 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTMediation analysis is a strategy for understanding the mechanisms by which interventions affect later outcomes. However, unobserved confounding concerns may be compounded in mediation analyses, as there may be unobserved exposure-outcome, exposure-mediator, and mediator-outcome confounders. Instrumental variables (IVs) are a popular identification strategy in the presence of unobserved confounding. However, in contrast to the rich literature on the use of IV methods to identify and estimate a total effect of a non-randomized exposure, there has been almost no research into using IV as an identification strategy to identify mediational indirect effects. In response, we define and nonparametrically identify novel estimands—double complier interventional direct and indirect effects—when 2, possibly related, IVs are available, one for the exposure and another for the mediator. We propose nonparametric, robust, efficient estimators for these effects and apply them to a housing voucher experiment.
Elevated plasma triglycerides increase the risk of psoriasis: a cohort and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Greve Anders M , Wulff Anders B , Bojesen Stig E , Nordestgaard Børge G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
It is increasingly clear that triglyceride-rich lipoproteins are proinflammatory and cause low-grade systemic inflammation. However, it is currently unknown whether elevated plasma triglycerides are causally related to the development of psoriasis, a skin disorder driven by chronic inflammation.

Objectives
To determine if elevated plasma triglycerides are associated with increased risk of psoriasis in observational and Mendelian randomization analysis.

Methods
Consecutive individuals from the Copenhagen General Population Study were included. We used plasma triglycerides (n = 108 043) and a weighted triglyceride allele score (n = 92 579) on nine known triglyceride-altering genetic variants. Genetic results were replicated in 337 159 individuals from the UK Biobank. Psoriasis was defined using the International Classification of Diseases, version 10 (ICD-10) code for hospital contact in the main analyses, and prescription of topical antipsoriatics for mild psoriasis in the sensitivity analysis.

Results
During a follow-up of median (range) 9.3 (0.1–15.1) years from 2003 to 2015 through 2018, 855 (1%) individuals were diagnosed with psoriasis by ICD-10 in the observational analysis and 772 (1%) in the Mendelian randomization analysis. In the observational analysis, the multivariable adjusted hazard ratio for psoriasis by ICD-10 was 1.26 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.39] per doubling in plasma triglycerides with a corresponding causal odds ratio of incident psoriasis of 2.10 (95% CI 1.30–3.38). Causality was confirmed from data from the UK Biobank. Results were similar but slightly attenuated when we used topical antipsoriatic prescriptions for mild psoriasis.

Conclusions
Elevated plasma triglycerides are associated with an increased risk of psoriasis in observational and Mendelian randomization analysis.
Prevalence and clinical significance of electrocardiographic complete right bundle branch block in young individuals
Authors: MacLachlan Hamish , Antonakaki Dimitra , Bhatia Raghav , Fyyaz Saad , Chatrath Nikhil , Androulakis Emmanouil , Marwaha Sarandeep , Basu Joyee , Miles Chris , Dhutia Harshil , Zaidi Abbas , Chandra Navin , Sheikh Nabeel , Gati Sabiha , Malhotra Aneil , Finocchiaro Gherardo , Sharma Sanjay , Papadakis Michael 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Aims
There is limited information on the clinical significance of complete right bundle branch block (CRBBB) in young individuals. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and significance of CRBBB in a large cohort of young individuals aged 14–35 years old.

Methods and results
From 2008 to 2018, 104,369 consecutive individuals underwent cardiovascular assessment with a health questionnaire, electrocardiogram, clinical consultation, and selective echocardiography. Follow-up was obtained via direct telephone consultations. Mean follow-up was 7.3 ± 2.7 years. CRBBB was identified in 154 (0.1%) individuals and was more prevalent in males compared with females (0.20 vs. 0.06%; P &lt; 0.05) and in athletes compared with non-athletes (0.25 vs. 0.14%; P &lt; 0.05). CRBBB-related cardiac conditions were identified in seven (5%) individuals (four with atrial septal defect, one with Brugada syndrome, one with progressive cardiac conduction disease, and one with atrial fibrillation). Pathology was more frequently identified in individuals with non-isolated CRBBB compared with individuals with isolated CRBBB (14 vs. 1%; P &lt; 0.05) and in individuals with a QRS duration of ≥130 ms compared with individuals with a QRS of &lt;130 ms (10 vs. 1%; P &lt; 0.05).

Conclusion
The prevalence of CRBBB in young individuals was 0.1% and was more prevalent in males and in athletes. CRBBB-related conditions were identified in 5% of individuals and were more common in individuals with non-isolated CRBBB and more pronounced intraventricular conduction delay (QRS duration of ≥130 ms). Secondary evaluation should be considered for young individuals with CRBBB with symptoms, concerning family history, additional electrocardiographic anomalies, or significant QRS prolongation (≥130 ms).
Pediatric post COVID-19 condition: an umbrella review of the most common symptoms and associated factors
Authors: Heidar Alizadeh Aurora , Nurchis Mario Cesare , Garlasco Jacopo , Mara Alessandro , Pascucci Domenico , Damiani Gianfranco , Gianino Maria Michela 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Although the long-term consequences of the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic are yet to be fully comprehended, a syndrome symptomatically akin to the COVID-19 disease has been defined, for children and adolescents, in February 2023 by the World Health Organization (WHO) as ‘post COVID-19 condition’ (PCC). Potential consequences of COVID-19 that affect developmental milestones in children and adolescents should be comprehended in their magnitude and duration. The aim is to investigate the most common symptoms and predictors or risk factors for pediatric PCC.

Methods
In this umbrella review, the population of interest was defined as children and adolescents from 0 to 19 years old presenting PCC symptoms as defined by the WHO in the International Classification of Diseases. The intervention considered was general follow-up activity to monitor the patients’ recovery status. No comparator was chosen, and the outcomes were symptoms of PCC and predictors or risk factors of developing PCC. Methodological quality, risk of bias and the level of overlap between studies were assessed. A random-effects meta-analytic synthesis of respective estimates with inverse variance study weighting was carried out, for the primary studies included by the reviews retrieved, regarding predictors or risk factors reported.

Results
We identified six eligible systematic reviews, five with meta-analyses, from three databases. The most common symptoms reported were fatigue and respiratory difficulties; female sex and older age were the most reported factors associated with the development of pediatric PCC.

Conclusions
A deeper understanding of pediatric PCC requires well-designed and clearly defined prospective studies, symptom differentiation, and adequate follow-up.
Ribonucleotide reductase inhibition improves the symptoms of a Caenorhabditis elegans model of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Brokate-Llanos Ana M , Sanchez-Ibañez Mireya , Pérez-Jiménez Mercedes M , Monje-Moreno José M , Gómez-Marín Carlos , Caro Carlos , Vivar-Rios Carlos , Moreno-Mateos Miguel A , García-Martín María L , Muñoz Manuel J , Royo José L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the main cause of aging-associated dementia, for which there is no effective treatment. In this work, we reanalyze the information of a previous genome wide association study, using a new pipeline design to identify novel potential drugs. With this approach, ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase gene (RRM2B) emerged as a candidate target and its inhibitor, 2′, 2′-difluoro 2′deoxycytidine (gemcitabine), as a potential pharmaceutical drug against Alzheimer's disease. We functionally verified the effect of inhibiting the RRM2B homolog, rnr-2, in an Alzheimer's model of Caenorhabditis elegans, which accumulates human Aβ1-42 peptide to an irreversible paralysis. RNA interference against rnr-2 and also treatment with 200 ng/ml of gemcitabine, showed an improvement of the phenotype. Gemcitabine treatment increased the intracellular ATP level 3.03 times, which may point to its mechanism of action. Gemcitabine has been extensively used in humans for cancer treatment but at higher concentrations. The 200 ng/ml concentration did not exert a significant effect over cell cycle, or affected cell viability when assayed in the microglia N13 cell line. Thus, the inhibitory drug of the RRM2B activity could be of potential use to treat Alzheimer's disease and particularly gemcitabine might be considered as a promising candidate to be repurposed for its treatment.
Ancient and Modern Genomes Reveal Microsatellites Maintain a Dynamic Equilibrium Through Deep Time
Authors: McComish Bennet J , Charleston Michael A , Parks Matthew , Baroni Carlo , Salvatore Maria Cristina , Li Ruiqiang , Zhang Guojie , Millar Craig D , Holland Barbara R , Lambert David M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Microsatellites are widely used in population genetics, but their evolutionary dynamics remain poorly understood. It is unclear whether microsatellite loci drift in length over time. This is important because the mutation processes that underlie these important genetic markers are central to the evolutionary models that employ microsatellites. We identify more than 27 million microsatellites using a novel and unique dataset of modern and ancient Adélie penguin genomes along with data from 63 published chordate genomes. We investigate microsatellite evolutionary dynamics over 2 timescales: one based on Adélie penguin samples dating to ∼46.5 ka and the other dating to the diversification of chordates aged more than 500 Ma. We show that the process of microsatellite allele length evolution is at dynamic equilibrium; while there is length polymorphism among individuals, the length distribution for a given locus remains stable. Many microsatellites persist over very long timescales, particularly in exons and regulatory sequences. These often retain length variability, suggesting that they may play a role in maintaining phenotypic variation within populations.
LncRNA Gm15232 Promotes Lipogenesis in Aging Mice Through the miR-192-3p/GCR Pathway
Authors: Hu Yaqi , Zhang Yifan , Wang Shuwen , Wang Rui , Yuan Qi , Wu Wei , Gui Yibei , Zhao Jiale , Li Xueqing , He Yumin , Yuan Chengfu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Recent scientific studies have highlighted the importance of long-chain noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in a variety of metabolic diseases, but the specific functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in aberrant lipid synthesis associated with aging are unknown. In this work, we inspected the effects of lncRNAs on the lipid metabolism in aging mice, as substantial evidence suggests that aging disturbs lipid metabolism. The results revealed that the expression of lncRNA Gm15232 was significantly elevated in the epididymal white adipose tissue of aging mice compared to adult mice. This upregulation of Gm15232 functioned as a competitive endogenous RNA by inhibiting the expression of miR-192-3p, and the ensuing downregulation of miR-192-3p increased the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor gene, which ultimately stimulated fat synthesis. The upregulation of Gm15232 thus increased lipogenesis through this mechanism. This study reveals a potential target for the treatment of age-related abnormalities of lipid metabolism.
Walking and Social Reminiscence in Gentrifying Neighborhoods: Feasibility and Impact on Cognitive, Physical, and Mental Health Among Older Black Adults in the SHARP Study
Authors: Croff Raina , Aron Sophia , Wachana Anne , Fuller Patrice , Mattek Nora , Towns Juell , Kaye Jeffrey 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Two exploratory 6-month pilots of triadic walking with culturally celebratory social reminiscence in gentrifying neighborhoods tested feasibility and health impact among normal and mildly cognitively impaired (MCI) older Black adults.

Research Design and Methods
Fourteen triads walked 1-mile 3×/week, using a navigational application with image-based reminiscence prompts. Focus groups evaluated perceived health impact and experience. Primary outcome measures were program evaluations (feasibility), pre–post self-report health, Montreal Cognitive Assessment, blood pressure, and weight. Analysis used mean rank scores for program evaluations, pre–post paired t-tests for health outcomes, and thematic coding for 30 focus groups.

Results
Feasibility: Retention was 74% and 86% for pilots, and 100% and 92%, respectively, were “extremely likely” to recommend to friends/family. Mean rank scores indicated appropriate pace and dose, effective conversational prompts, and program readiness with minor changes. Health impact: Self-rated health, mood, activity levels, and energy improved, days feeling downhearted decreased, and days feeling calm/peaceful were maintained or improved. Among Cohort 2, cognitive assessment scores were maintained or improved for 67%; for MCI, 76% had mean improvement of 2.4 (p = .045). Blood pressure and weight decreased for 78% and 44%, respectively. Focus groups: Perceived impact of triadic walking included increased physical and social activity outside the program, increased awareness of cognitive decline risk and personal agency, and deep-seated sense of community connection.

Discussion and Implications
Triadic walking provides structure, accountability, connection, and purpose, motivating sustained engagement. Walking programs that center socialization, particularly within culturally meaningful contexts, may be more effective among older Black adults.

Clinical Trial Registration Number
NCT05906654; NCT05906667
A comprehensive review of the new FIGO classification of ovulatory disorders
Authors: Balen Adam H , Tamblyn Jennifer , Skorupskaite Karolina , Munro Malcolm G 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND
The World Health Organization (WHO) system for the classification of disorders of ovulation was produced 50 years ago and, by international consensus, has been updated by the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO).

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE
This review outlines in detail each component of the FIGO HyPO-P (hypothalamic, pituitary, ovarian, PCOS) classification with a concise description of each cause, and thereby provides a systematic method for diagnosis and management.

SEARCH METHODS
We searched the published articles in the PubMed database in the English-language literature until October 2022, containing the keywords ovulatory disorders; ovulatory dysfunction; anovulation, and each subheading in the FIGO HyPO-P classification. We did not include abstracts or conference proceedings because the data are usually difficult to assess.

OUTCOMES
We present the most comprehensive review of all disorders of ovulation, published systematically according to the logical FIGO classification.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS
Improving the diagnosis of an individual’s ovulatory dysfunction will significantly impact clinical practice by enabling healthcare practitioners to make a precise diagnosis and plan appropriate management.
Home range in genus Capra: from polygons to Brownian bridges of scabietic and healthy Iberian ibexes (Capra pyrenaica)
Authors: Valldeperes Marta , Pascual-Rico Roberto , Fandos Paulino , Soriguer Escofet Ramón C , Pérez Jesús M , Cano-Manuel León Francisco J , Prieto Yerro Paloma , López-Olvera Jorge Ramón , Granados José Enrique 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Home range and home range overlap can be used to describe use of space and movement of wildlife. During the last years, advancements in technology have greatly improved our understanding of animal movement, especially among large herbivores. Wild ungulate abundance and distribution have increased in temperate areas. Moreover, their diseases—including sarcoptic mange in the Iberian Ibex (Capra pyrenaica)—have become a cause of concern for livestock, public health, and wildlife conservation. In this study, we first reviewed existing literature on the home range of species in the genus Capra. We then analyzed data from 52 GPS-GSM-collared Iberian ibexes, of which 33 were healthy and 19 were affected by sarcoptic mange from 3 different populations in the southeastern Iberian Peninsula to analyze: (1) differences in size and characteristics of home ranges obtained by the 3 most commonly used methodologies—minimum convex polygon, kernel density estimation, and Brownian bridges movement models (BBMMs); and (2) the impact of endemic sarcoptic mange on Iberian Ibex home range. The literature review revealed that available information on spatial behavior of Capra spp. was based only on 3 species, including the Iberian Ibex, estimated through a diversity of methods which made it difficult to compare results. We found positive correlations among the different home range estimation methods in the Iberian Ibex, with BBMMs proving to be the most accurate. This study is the first to use BBMMs for estimating home range in this species, and it revealed a marked seasonal behavior in spatial use, although sarcoptic mange smoothed such seasonal pattern. The seasonal overlaps obtained suggest that core areas of the Iberian Ibex change within wider home range areas, which are ecological parameters relevant to identifying key areas for species management and conservation.
Management of a severely atrophic maxilla using concentrated platelet-rich fibrin block. A case report
Authors: Saleh Raghad N , Ashhab Celine , Kharoufeh Meral Voltaire , Lahham Cezar Edward 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Tooth loss often leads to significant alveolar bone resorption, presenting a challenge for dental implant placement. This case report presents the effectiveness of concentrated platelet-rich fibrin (C-PRF) in combination with bone allograft for horizontal bone augmentation in a severely atrophic maxilla. A 33-year-old female patient with extensive bone loss in the upper anterior maxilla was treated in two stages. The initial stage involved horizontal bone augmentation using a mixture of C-PRF and bone allograft. This was followed, 5 months later, by dental implant placement. The preparation of C-PRF, surgical procedure, and postoperative care are thoroughly described. Post-treatment Cone Beam Computed Tomography showed an increase in alveolar bone thickness from 2.4–3.4 mm pre-operatively to 6.3–7.3 mm, demonstrating the procedure’s effectiveness in achieving adequate bone volume for implant placement. The use of C-PRF with allograft in horizontal bone augmentation shows promise in enhancing bone regeneration, especially in a severely atrophic maxilla.