bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Menopausal Symptoms in Younger High-Risk Women After Prophylactic Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Authors: Madalinska Joanna B. , van Beurden Marc , Bleiker Eveline M.A. , Valdimarsdottir Heiddis B. , Hollenstein Judith , Massuger Leon F. , Gaarenstroom Katja N. , Mourits Marian J.E. , Verheijen René H.M. , van Dorst Eleonora B.L. , van der Putten Hans , van der Velden Ko , Boonstra Henk , Aaronson Neil K. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose Preventive health strategies for women at increased hereditary risk of ovarian cancer include gynecologic screening (GS) and/or prophylactic oophorectomy (PBSO). Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is often prescribed to compensate for postsurgical endocrine deficiencies. This study examined the impact of HRT use on levels of endocrine symptoms and sexual functioning among premenopausal women who have undergone PBSO. Comparisons were made with similar women undergoing GS. Patients and Methods Questionnaire data on endocrine symptoms and sexual functioning were obtained from 450 premenopausal, high-risk women who had participated in this nationwide, cross-sectional, observational study. Results Thirty-six percent of women had undergone PBSO and 64% had opted for GS. In the PBSO group, 47% of the women were current HRT users. They reported significantly fewer vasomotor symptoms than nonusers (P < .05). However, compared with premenopausal women undergoing GS, oophorectomized HRT users were more likely to report vasomotor symptoms (P < .01). HRT users and nonusers reported comparable levels of sexual functioning. Compared with women in the GS group, oophorectomized HRT users reported significantly more sexual discomfort due to vaginal dryness and dyspareunia (P < .01). Conclusion Although HRT has a positive impact on surgically induced vasomotor symptoms, it may be less effective than is often assumed. Symptom levels remain well above those of premenopausal women undergoing screening, and sexual discomfort is not alleviated by HRT. Physicians need to provide younger high-risk women considering PBSO with realistic information about both benefits and drawbacks of this preventive strategy, including information about premature menopause and HRT.
Phase II Study of Recombinant Human Endostatin in Patients With Advanced Neuroendocrine Tumors
Authors: Kulke Matthew H. , Bergsland Emily K. , Ryan David P. , Enzinger Peter C. , Lynch Thomas J. , Zhu Andrew X. , Meyerhardt Jeffrey A. , Heymach John V. , Fogler William E. , Sidor Carolyn , Michelini Ann , Kinsella Kate , Venook Alan P. , Fuchs Charles S. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose Endostatin is a 20-kd proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII that, in preclinical studies, has been shown to have antiangiogenic and antitumor activity. Both preclinical and human phase I studies of recombinant human endostatin (rhEndostatin) suggested activity in neuroendocrine tumors, which are known to be hypervascular. We therefore performed a multicenter phase II study of rhEndostatin in patients with carcinoid or pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Patients and Methods Forty-two patients with advanced pancreatic endocrine tumors or carcinoid tumors were treated with rhEndostatin administered as a bid subcutaneous injection at a starting dose of 60 mg/m2/d. Steady-state trough levels were obtained after 6 weeks of therapy; patients who did not achieve a target therapeutic level of 300 ng/mL underwent dose escalation to 90 mg/m2/d. Patients were observed for evidence of toxicity, response, and survival. Results rhEndostatin was associated with minimal toxicity. However, among 40 patients assessable for radiologic response, none experienced partial response to therapy, as defined by WHO criteria. The median steady-state trough level achieved after dose escalation was 331 ng/mL, within the postulated therapeutic range. Conclusion Treatment with rhEndostatin did not result in significant tumor regression in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors.
Metal Removal Rate of the Electrochemical Mechanical Polishing Technology for Stainless Steel - The Electrochemical Characteristics
Authors: Lee Shuo-Jen , Lee Yu-Ming , Chung Ming-Yu 
Published: July 2006

Electrochemical mechanical polishing technology was studied in this research in order to investigate the effects of electrochemical parameters such as the electrolyte, pH values, and operating potential on the metal removal rate of polishing AISI 316L stainless steel (SS316L). The dynamic polarization curve method was employed to evaluate the effects of the compositions of electrolyte (phosphoric acid and H2O2) and electrochemical parameters (pH values, H2O2 concentration, and operating potential) on the metal removal rate of SS316L. The results showed that SS316L, in the lower-pH-value electrolyte solution, will have a shorter passive region and higher current densities of both passive and trans-passive regions. The concentration of hydrogen ions was higher at lower pH values, resulting in damage of the passive film. The H2O2 additive will also release hydrogen ions which will accelerate the reaction. Thus, the passive region was severely shortened. However, the H2O2 will also release OH− ions. Therefore, the pH value of the electrolyte will increase slightly, and the current density in the trans-passive region decrease slightly. The electrochemical reactions were strong (higher metallic dissolution rate) at pH 2 solution. Therefore, the metal removal rate was higher. An appropriate amount of H2O2 additive (6 vol %) may also improve the electrochemical reactions and increase the polishing efficiency.
Numerical Simulation of Multi-Point Capacitor Discharge Welding of AISI 304 Bars
Authors: Casalino G , Panella F 
Published: July 2006

Capacitor discharge welding (CDW) is able to weld with cooling rates greater than 106 K/s which produce a very narrow heat-affected zone with no thermal deformations. The physics of the process consists in an accumulated high current, discharging through a transformer to the welding area and vaporizing a protrusion machined at the centre of one of the joint surfaces. The vaporization of the protrusion produces the heat required for welding. In this paper the authors present a numerical investigation on the influence of CDW process parameters on AISI 304 welds. In order to improve the welding capability, some modifications of the welding surface profiles were proposed. In particular, two different contact geometries were proposed as alternatives to the single protrusion geometry. A numerical model investigated the effects of the geometry and the interactions between the electrical and mechanical parameters on the thermal cycle and distortions. Since the welding surface profiles had more than one contact point, the authors named this process ‘multi-point capacitor discharge welding’.
Extrinsic Carrier Photogeneration in Organic Pigments Based on Electric-Field Induced Fluorescence Quenching Measurements
Authors: Hiramoto Masahiro , Sakaue Yoshitaka , Yokoyama Masaaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Extrinsic carrier photogeneration in perylene pigment was studied by means of the electric field-induced fluorescence quenching. Perylene pigment mixed with small amount of phthalocyanine exhibited the effective enhancement of carrier generation efficiency together with decreasing field-induced fluorescence quenching, contrary to the expectation that both should be enlarged owing to the competitive relation between carrier generation and carrier recombination entailing fluorescence. The model assuming the existence of another efficient channel to photogenerate geminate ion pairs through perylene/phthalocyanine molecular contacts, solved this intriguing result reasonably.
Dehydrooligopeptides. XVI. Convenient Syntheses of Two Kinds of Antrimycins Av and Dv Containing Dehydrovaline Residues
Authors: Nakamura Yutaka , Ito Akio , Shin Chung-gi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Eight kinds of peptide antibiotics, antrimycins (1), consist of four sorts of unusual α-amino acids, that is, hydroxymethylserine, (2S,3S)-2,3-diaminobutanoic acid, (S)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-3-pyridazinecarboxylic acid, and dehydrovaline (ΔVal) or (E)-dehydroisoleucine (ΔIle) from the N-terminus of 1. The practical syntheses of the three segments containing these four acids, and all of the protected 1 by the usual fragment condensations of the three segments were accomplished. Moreover, after mild deprotection of the protecting groups, the two kinds of 1, antrimycins Av and Dv comprising Ala5–ΔVal6 and Leu5–ΔVal6 segments respectively, were synthesized.
Synthesis and NMR Studies of RGDSPASS-Containing Cystine Peptides
Authors: Yamamoto Yasuo , Sofuku Shosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Three types of Arg–Gly–Asp–Ser–Pro–Ala–Ser–Ser (RGDSPASS)-containing cystine peptides, FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3, were designed and synthesized. These cyclic peptides exhibited high activities as a platelet aggregation inhibitor. Using rabbit platelet-rich plasma, the IC50 values of FR-1, FR-2, and FR-3 were found to be 67, 280, and 135 μM, respectively. In each peptide, the position of the Pro residue was either i + 1 or i + 2 in the turn, as observed by NMR (ROESY, NOESY, and H–D exchange of amide proton).
A Novel Method for the Preparation of Acid-Sensitive Epoxides from Olefins with the Combined Use of Molecular Oxygen and Aldoacetal Catalyzed by a Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Yorozu Kiyotaka , Takai Toshihiro , Yamada Tohru , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An efficient synthesis of acid-sensitive epoxides, such as chromene oxide or epoxide of γ,δ-unsaturated alcohol, was successfully achieved by the oxygenation of corresponding olefins with the combined use of an atmospheric pressure of molecular oxygen and aldoacetal catalyzed by a cobalt(II) complex coordinated with the 1,3-diketone ligand. The reactions proceeded under mild and neutral conditions, and the desired epoxides were obtained in good yields. Neither overoxidation nor decomposition of the formed epoxide was observed under the present reaction conditions. Furthermore, various silyl enol ethers and silyl ketene acetals, acid-sensitive compounds, were also smoothly monooxygenated into the corresponding α-hydroxy ketones and α-hydroxy carboxylic acid esters, respectively.
Thermal Decomposition of COS
Authors: Oya Masaaki , Shiina Hiroumi , Tsuchiya Kentaro , Matsui Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal decomposition of COS was investigated by shock tubes between 1140—3230 K. The decay of COS and S was monitored by IR emissions and atomic resonance absorption spectrometry (ARAS) coupled with laser flash photolysis technique, respectively. The rate constants for the reactions COS + M → CO + S + M (1) and COS + S → CO + S2 (2) were determined as k1 = (4.07 ± 1.83) × 10−10exp (−257 ± 24kJ/RT), T: 1900—3230 K and k2 = (3.91 ± 1.18) × 10−11exp (−28.3 ± 0.9 kJ/RT) cm3 molecule−1 s−1, T: 1140—1680 K.
Repeated Use of the Catalyst in Ln(OTf)3-Catalyzed Aldol and Allylation Reactions
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Hachiya Iwao , Yamanoi Yoshinori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The lanthanoide trifluoromethanesulfonate (lanthanoid triflate)-catalyzed aldol reactions of silyl enol ethers with aldehydes and allylation reactions of tetraallyltin with aldehydes proceeded smoothly in a water–ethanol–toluene system. The reactions proceeded much faster in the above solvent than in water–tetrahydrofuran. Repeated use of the catalyst in these reactions was realized by a very simple procedure.
Polarized Reflection Spectra of Perchlorate-Doped Oriented Polyacetylene
Authors: Miyamae Takayuki , Shimizu Masaaki , Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarized reflection spectra of a highly oriented new type polyacetylene doped with perchlorate are presented. From the reflection spectra, measured from far infrared to ultraviolet regions, the optical conductivity spectra are obtained by Kramers–Kronig analysis. Three stages of doping are recognized from a spectral analysis. (1) 0 &lt; y &lt; 0.02, where the charged soliton band is dominant; (2) 0.02 &lt; y &lt; 0.04, the spectra change completely and the polson band begins to grow; (3) 0.045 &lt; y, the spectral characteristic of metallic phase appears. Three-dimensional interaction of the polson chain is found to be essential for appearance of metallic conductivity. The origin of metallic properties is discussed from the change of spectra at different dopant concentration. The effect of orientation of polyacetylene chain on the spectra is discussed.
Crystal Structures of trans-[CoCl2{(CH3)2PCH2CH2P(CH3)2}2]ClO4, trans(Cl,Cl)cis(P,P)-[CoCl2{NH2CH2CH2P(CH3)2}2]PF6·0.5CH3OH, and trans-[CoCl2(NH2CH2CH2NH2)2]NO3
Authors: Kita Masakazu , Kashiwabara Kazuo , Fujita Junnosuke , Tanaka Hitoshi , Ohba Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of trans-[CoCl2(dmpe)2]ClO4 (dmpe = 1,2-bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) (1), trans(Cl,Cl)cis(P,P)-[CoCl2(edmp)2]PF6·0.5CH3OH (edmp = (2-aminoethyl)dimethylphosphine) (2) and trans-[CoCl2(en)2]NO3 (en = 1,2-ethanediamine) (3) were determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. Crystal data and final R values are: for 1, orthorhombic, Ccca, a = 15.192(3), b = 16.221(4), c = 18.129(3) Å, V = 4468(1) Å3, Dx = 1.58, Dm = 1.60 g cm−3, and Z = 8, and R = 0.041 for 2360 reflections; for 2, orthorhombic, C2221, a = 15.295(4), b = 18.583(5), c = 14.680(4) Å, V = 4172(2) Å3, Dx = 1.59, Dm = 1.63 g cm−3, and Z = 8, and R = 0.099 for 4626 reflections; for 3, monoclinic, P21/n, a = 6.348(1), b = 9.304(1), c = 9.853(1) Å, β = 101.79(1)°, V = 569.6(1) Å3, Dx = 1.82, Dm = 1.85 g cm−3, and Z = 2, and R = 0.043 for 1024 reflections. The Co–P bond distances (av 2.196(3) Å) in 2 is shorter by 0.063 Å than that (av 2.259(1) Å) in 1, while the Co–N bond distance (av 2.039(7) Å) in 2 is longer by 0.079 Å than that (av 1.960(3) Å) in 3, indicating the trans influence of the phosphino group. The metal-ligand bond distances were compared with those of the corresponding trans-dichloro complexes of Fe(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), and Rh(III).
Classification of XeII Lines
Authors: Tsuji Masaharu , Ishimi Hiroaki , Kaneko Nobuo , Nishimura Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
There are a number of unclassified XeII lines in the spectral table reported by Striganov and Sventitskii. Among them, electronic transitions of 52 XeII lines can be assigned with reference to the Moore’s atomic energy diagram. The table presented here complements the spectral table of Striganov and Sventitskii.
Smoking and reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Karim A. , Pandit H. , Murray J. , Wandless F. , Thomas N. P. 
Published: July 2006

We sought to determine whether smoking affected the outcome of reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. We analysed the results of 66 smokers (group 1 with a mean follow-up of 5.67 years (1.1 to 12.7)) and 238 non-smokers (group 2 with a mean follow-up of 6.61 years (1.2 to 11.5)), who were statistically similar in age, gender, graft type, fixation and associated meniscal and chondral pathology. The assessment was performed using the International Knee Documentation Committee form and serial cruciometer readings. Poor outcomes were reported in group 1 for the mean subjective International Knee Documentation Committee score (p < 0.001), the frequency (p = 0.005) and intensity (p = 0.005) of pain, a side-to-side difference in knee laxity (p = 0.001) and the use of a four-strand hamstring graft (p = 0.015). Patients in group 1 were also less likely to return to their original level of pre-injury sport (p = 0.003) and had an overall worse final 7 International Knee Documentation Committee grade score (p = 0.007). Despite the well-known negative effects of smoking on tissue healing, the association with an inferior outcome after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament has not previously been described and should be included in the pre-operative counselling of patients undergoing the procedure.
The reliability and validity of the locognosia test after injuries to peripheral nerves in the hand
Authors: Jerosch-Herold C. , Rosén B. , Shepstone L. 
Published: July 2006

Locognosia, the ability to localise touch, is one aspect of tactile spatial discrimination which relies on the integrity of peripheral end-organs as well as the somatosensory representation of the surface of the body in the brain. The test presented here is a standardised assessment which uses a protocol for testing locognosia in the zones of the hand supplied by the median and/or ulnar nerves. The test-retest reliability and discriminant validity were investigated in 39 patients with injuries to the median or ulnar nerve. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to calculate the test-retest reliability. Discriminant validity was assessed by comparing the injured with the unaffected hand. Excellent test-retest reliability was demonstrated for the injuries to the median (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.924, 95% confidence interval 0.848 to 1.00) and the ulnar nerves (intraclass correlation coefficient 0.859, 95% confidence interval 0.693 to 1.00). The magnitude of the difference in scores between affected and unaffected hands showed good discriminant validity. For injuries to the median nerve the mean difference was 11.1 points (1 to 33; sd 7.4), which was statistically significant (p < 0.0001, paired t-test) and for those of the ulnar nerve it was 4.75 points (1 to 13.5; sd 3.16), which was also statistically significant (paired t-test, p < 0.0001). The locognosia test has excellent test-retest reliability, is a valid test of tactile spatial discrimination and should be included in the evaluation of outcome after injury to peripheral nerves.
Two-stage revision of infected total knee replacements using articulating cement spacers and short-term antibiotic therapy
Authors: Hart W. J. , Jones R. S. 
Published: July 2006

We present a series of 48 patients with infected total knee replacements managed by the use of articulating cement spacers and short-term parenteral antibiotic therapy in the postoperative period. All patients had microbiological and/or histological confirmation of infection at the first stage of their revision. They all underwent re-implantation and had a mean follow-up of 48.5 months (26 to 85). Infection was successfully eradicated in 42 of the 48 patients (88%). Six had persistent infection which led to recurrence of symptoms and further surgery was successful in eliminating infection in four patients. These rates of success are similar to those of other comparable series. We conclude that protracted courses of intravenous antibiotic treatment may not be necessary in the management of the infected total knee replacement. In addition, we analysed the microbiological, histological and serological results obtained at the time of re-implantation of the definitive prosthesis, but could not identify a single test which alone would accurately predict a successful outcome.
Rinsing morcellised bone grafts with bisphosphonate solution prevents their resorption
Authors: Kesteris U. , Aspenberg P. 
Published: July 2006

During revision total hip replacement using morcellised compacted bone allograft, 16 patients were randomised to receive a graft which had been rinsed in either an ibandronate solution or in saline. Patients were assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry after operation and at 3, 6, 12 and 24 months. A region of interest between the tip of the femoral stem and the distal plastic plug was chosen to measure the changes in bone density over time. The study was double-blinded. In all the control patients the bone density decreased during the first three months and then remained constant at this lower level. A large proportion of the mass of the bone graft was lost. In contrast, all patients with grafts treated with bisphosphonate showed a slight increase in bone density. The difference between the groups was highly significant at all points in time. We conclude that rinsing the graft in a bisphosphonate solution prevents its resorption and may therefore reduce the risk of mechanical failure. The treatment is simple, inexpensive, and appears virtually free of risk.
A randomised study comparing resection of acetabular bone at resurfacing and total hip replacement
Authors: Vendittoli P.-A. , Lavigne M. , Girard J. , Roy A. G. 
Published: July 2006

We have undertaken a prospective, randomised study to compare conservation of acetabular bone after total hip replacement and resurfacing arthroplasty of the hip. We randomly assigned 210 hips to one of the two treatment groups. Uncemented, press-fit acetabular components were used for both.No significant difference was found in the mean diameter of acetabular implant inserted in the groups (54.74 mm for total hip replacement and 54.90 mm for resurfacing arthroplasty). In seven resurfacing procedures (6.8%), the surgeon used a larger size of component in order to match the corresponding diameter of the femoral component.With resurfacing arthroplasty, conservation of bone is clearly advantageous on the femoral side. Our study has shown that, with a specific design of acetabular implant and by following a careful surgical technique, removal of bone on the acetabular side is comparable with that of total hip replacement.
A retrospective comparative study of bilateral total knee replacement staged at a one-week interval
Authors: Forster M. C. , Bauze A. J. , Bailie A. G. , Falworth M. S. , Oakeshott R. D. 
Published: July 2006

The clinical results of bilateral total knee replacement staged at a one-week interval during a single hospital admission were compared with bilateral total knee replacements performed under the same anaesthetic and with bilateral total knee replacements performed during two separate admissions. The data were retrospectively reviewed. All operations had been performed by the same surgeon using the same design of prosthesis at a single institution. The operative time and length of stay for the one-week staged group were comparable with those of the separate admission group but longer than for the patients treated under one anaesthetic. There was a low rate of complications and good clinical outcome in all groups at a mean follow-up of four years (1 to 7.2). The group staged at a one-week interval had the least blood loss (p = 0.004). With appropriate patient selection, bilateral total knee replacement performed under a single anaesthetic, or staged at a one-week interval, is a safe and effective method to treat bilateral arthritis of the knee.
Serum aluminium and cobalt levels after ceramic-on-ceramic and metal-on-metal total hip replacement
Authors: Grübl A. , Weissinger M. , Brodner W. , Gleiss A. , Giurea A. , Gruber M. , Pöll G. , Meisinger V. , Gottsauner-Wolf F. , Kotz R. 
Published: July 2006

In a randomised study, 28 patients with a mean age of 62.2 years (32 to 81) with osteoarthritis or avascular necrosis of the hip received either a ceramic-on-ceramic or a metal-on-metal total hip replacement. Apart from the liners the acetabular and femoral components were made of Ti-Al-Nb alloy. The serum aluminium and cobalt levels were measured before, and at one year after surgery. The 15 patients in the ceramic-on-ceramic group had a median pre-operative aluminium level of 1.3 μg/l (0.25 to 8.4) and a cobalt level below the detection limit. At one year the aluminium level was 1.1 μg/l (0.25 to 2.3) and the cobalt level was 0.4 μg/l (0.15 to 0.7). The 13 patients in the metal-on-metal group had a median pre-operative aluminium level of 1.9 μg/l (0.25 to 4.4) and a cobalt level below the detection limit. At one year the median aluminium level was 0.9 μg/l (0.25 to 3.9) whereas the cobalt level was 1.4 μg/l (0.5 to 10.5). This increase in the cobalt level at one year was significant (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that ceramic-on-ceramic bearings do not cause elevated levels of serum aluminium in the first post-operative year.