bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of carboxymethylcellulose and a hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane on healing of intestinal anastomoses in horses
Authors: Mueller P. O. Eric , Harmon Barry G. , Hay William P. , Amoroso Lisa M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) or a hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (HA membrane) on healing of the small intestine in horses.Animals—18 healthy adult horses.Procedure—Midline celiotomy and 2 jejunal resection- and-anastomosis surgeries were performed. In treated horses, SCMC (n = 6) or a HA membrane (6) was applied to the jejunum to cover the anastomosis. There were 6 untreated control horses. Horses were euthanatized 10 days after surgery. For each horse, 1 anastomosis was used for histologic examination, and the second was used to determine intestinal bursting strength. Intestinal bursting tension, serosal granulation tissue, serosal fibrin deposition, and width of the fibrous seal at the anastomosis were compared among groups.Results—3 control horses had adhesions associated with the anastomosis, but none of the treated horses had adhesions associated with the anastomosis. Mean thickness of fibrin deposited on the serosal surfaces for the SCMC and HA-membrane groups was significantly less than that for control horses. Mean thickness of serosal granulation tissue, width of fibrous seal between inverted musculature, inflammatory cell infiltrate scores, and bursting tension did not differ significantly among groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of SCMC or application of a HA membrane to small intestinal anastomoses in horses resulted in fewer adhesions and decreased fibrin deposition, and it did not adversely affect anastomotic healing. In horses at increased risk for intra-abdominal adhesions, SCMC or application of HA membranes may decrease the frequency of adhesions without adversely affecting healing of small intestinal anastomoses. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:369–374)
Expression of the α6 chain of type IV collagen in glomerular basement membranes of healthy adult dogs
Authors: Lees George E. , Kashtan Clifford E. , Michael Alfred F. , Helman R. Gayman , Naito Ichiro , Ninomiya Yoshifumi , Sado Yoshikazu , Kim Youngki 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate expression of the α6 chain of type IV collagen in the glomerular basement membranes (GBM) of healthy dogs.Sample Population—Kidney specimens from 12 healthy dogs. For comparison, kidney specimens from 8 human subjects between 25 and 83 years old also were evaluated.Procedure—Sections were immunolabeled with a monospecific antibody that cross-reacts with human and canine α6(IV) chains and examined by means of fluorescence microscopy.Results—Immunolabeling of the α6(IV) chain was not observed in GBM of 6 dogs ≤ 30 months old but was observed in GBM of the remaining 6 dogs, all of which were ≥ 45 months old. Expression of the α6(IV) chain was not observed in GBM of the human subjects, regardless of the age of the subject.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that the α6(IV) chain is expressed in GBM of healthy dogs, but the expression is age-dependent. Composition and structural organization of type IV collagen in the GBM of healthy adult dogs is different from that described for other species. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:38–41)
In vitro effects of erythromycin, lidocaine, and metoclopramide on smooth muscle from the pyloric antrum, proximal portion of the duodenum, and middle portion of the jejunum of horses
Authors: Nieto Jorge E. , Rakestraw Peter C. , Snyder Jack R. , Vatistas Nick J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effects of erythromycin, lidocaine, and metoclopramide on smooth muscle of the pyloric antrum (PA), proximal portion of the duodenum (PD), and middle portion of the jejunum (MJ) of horses.Sample Population—Strips of smooth muscle from 7 horses.Procedure—Isolated muscle strips were suspended in a bath and attached to isometric force transducers. Once stable spontaneous contractions were observed, agents were added. Isometric stress responses were compared with the amplitude of spontaneous contractions.Results—A single dose of erythromycin to the PA increased contractile amplitude (CA) for the longitudinal smooth muscle (mean ± SEM, 76 ± 16 g/cm2) but decreased CA for circular smooth muscle (–79 ± 23 g/cm2). The inhibitory effect was decreased by tetrodotoxin, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, and a vasoactive intestinal peptide antagonist. Erythromycin increased CA for the MJ, which was maximal at 10–4M(171 ± 36 g/cm2). Lidocaine increased CA for the PD, which was maximal at 10–4M (60 ± 5 g/cm2). Metoclopramide increased the CA, which was maximal at 10–4Mfor the PA (75 ± 26 g/cm2), PD (279 ± 33 g/cm2), and MJ (456 ± 59 g/cm2).Conclusions—Regional differences in responses to erythromycin, lidocaine, and metoclopramide were evident in the gastrointestinal tract of horses. Metoclopramide increased CA in all tissues used, whereas erythromycin inhibited CA in circular smooth muscle but stimulated CA in longitudinal smooth muscle from the PA. Inhibition is caused by stimulation of inhibitory nerves and is mediated, in part, by nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:413–419)
Impedance audiometric measurements in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Cole Lynette K. , Podell Michael , Kwochka Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To measure impedance audiometric values in clinically normal dogs that were sedated or anesthetized, evaluate effects of ear flushing on tympanometric measurements, and determine effects of performing acoustic reflex testing in a sound-attenuated room.Animals—35 mixed-breed and purebred clientowned dogs and 21 laboratory-bred Beagles.Procedures—Tympanometry and acoustic reflex testing were performed on 27 mixed-breed and purebred dogs under isoflurane anesthesia in a non–sound-attenuated room and 21 Beagles under sedation in a sound-attenuated room. Tympanometry was performed on 8 mixed-breed dogs under halothane anesthesia before and after ear canal flushing.Results—Among impedance audiometric values, ear canal volume and compliance peak were smaller in Beagles than in mixed-breed dogs; differences among other values were not detected. Ear canal volume was dependent on body weight. Differences were not found for tympanometric values measured before and after ear canal flushing.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this study established reference range values for impedance audiometric measurements in clinically normal dogs under isoflurane anesthesia or sedation. Acoustic reflex testing does not need to be performed in a sound-attenuated room. The ear canals of clinically normal dogs can be flushed prior to performing tympanometry without altering the results. Impedance audiometry may be a useful noninvasive procedure for the diagnosis of otitis media in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:442–445)
Inhibition of canine and feline alcohol dehydrogenase activity by fomepizole
Authors: Connally Heather E. , Hamar Dwayne W. , Thrall Mary Anna 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine and compare substrate specificity and kinetic rate constants of feline and canine alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) with ethanol (EtOH) and ethylene glycol (EG) as substrates in vitro, with and without fomepizole.Sample Population—Livers from 3 dogs and 3 cats.Procedure—Canine and feline ADH activity, in cytosolic fractions of homogenized liver, was determined by use of various concentrations of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), EtOH, or EG as substrates. Initial reaction velocities were calculated, and kinetic inhibition rate constants (Ki) for fomepizole were determined.Results—Substrate specificity of canine and feline ADH for EtOH or EG was not significantly different. A 2-fold difference was detected in the maximal velocity of canine, compared with feline, ADH, using either substrate. Fomepizole Kiin feline hepatic homogenates was significantly greater than Kiin canine hepatic homogenates when either EtOH or EG was used as substrate (10- and 30-fold, respectively). A 6-fold increase in the concentration of fomepizole was required to achieve ADH inhibition, with feline homogenates equivalent to those of canine homogenates.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Feline ADH has lower enzymatic capacity for turnover or is less concentrated in liver than canine ADH with regard to EtOH and EG catalysis. Canine ADH was more effectively inhibited by fomepizole than feline ADH. Results suggest that higher dosages of fomepizole may be more effective to treat cats with EG intoxication than dosages reported to treat dogs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:450–455)
Oxidant stress in sled dogs subjected to repetitive endurance exercise
Authors: Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Reinhart Gregory A. , DiSilvestro Robert , Reynolds Arleigh , Blostein-Fujii Ashley , Swenson Richard A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether repetitive endurance exercise in sled dogs was associated with substantial lipid peroxidation, decreases in antioxidant capacity of the serum, and skeletal muscle damage.Animals—24 lightly trained sled dogs.Procedure—16 dogs completed a 58-km run on each of 3 consecutive days; the other 8 dogs (control) did not exercise during the study. Blood samples were collected before the first exercise run and after the first and third exercise runs. Plasma isoprostane and serum vitamin E concentrations, total antioxidant status of plasma, and serum creatine kinase activity were measured.Results—Plasma isoprostane concentrations in dogs in the exercise group were significantly increased after the first exercise run and further significantly increased after the third exercise run. Serum vitamin E concentration was significantly decreased after the first exercise run in dogs in the exercise group, and this change persisted after the third exercise run. There was a significant linear relationship between plasma isoprostane concentration and the logarithm of serum creatine kinase activity (adjustedr2= 0.84).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results demonstrate that repetitive endurance exercise in dogs is associated with lipid peroxidation and a reduction in plasma antioxidant concentrations. We interpret these results as indicating that the antioxidant mechanisms of minimally trained dogs may, in some instances, be inadequate to meet the antioxidant requirements of repetitive endurance exercise. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:512–517)
Evaluation of intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers with familial protein-losing enteropathy, protein-losing nephropathy, or both
Authors: Vaden Shelly L. , Sellon Rance K. , Melgarejo L. Tonatiuh , Williams David A. , Trogdon Maureen M. , VanCamp Steven D. , Argenzio Robert A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate intestinal permeability and gluten sensitivity in a family of Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers (SCWT) affected with protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), protein-losing nephropathy (PLN), or both.Animals—6 affected adult dogs.Procedure—Intestinal biopsy specimens, urine protein- to-creatinine ratio, serum concentrations of albumin and globulin, and concentration of α1-protease inhibitor in feces were evaluated before, during, and 13 weeks after daily administration of 10 g of gluten for 7 weeks. Eosinophils and lymphocytes-plasmacytes were enumerated in intestinal biopsy specimens. Intestinal permeability was evaluated before and during the sixth week of gluten administration via cellobiose-mannitol and chromium-EDTA absorption tests.Results—Serum globulin concentration decreased significantly after prolonged administration of gluten. Although not significant, there was an increase in lymphocytes- plasmacytes and a decrease in eosinophils in intestinal biopsy specimens. Furthermore, these counts were greater than those reported for clinically normal dogs. Gluten administration did not increase intestinal permeability.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Daily administration of gluten was associated with a significant decrease in serum globulin concentration in SCWT affected with PLE or PLN, but other variables remained unchanged. Although enhanced wheatgluten sensitivity may be one factor involved in the pathogenesis of PLE or PLN in SCWT, this syndrome does not appear to be the result of a specific sensitivity to gluten. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:518–524)
Effects of tilmicosin treatment on Pasteurella haemolytica organisms in nasal secretion specimens of calves with respiratory tract disease
Authors: Frank Glynn H. , Briggs Robert E. , Loan Raymond W. , Purdy Charles W. , Zehr Emilie S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of tilmicosin treatment on number ofPasteurella haemolytica(PH) organisms in nasal secretion specimens of calves with respiratory tract disease.Animals—206 British mixed-breed beef calves, 2 to 5 months old.Procedure—In 2 separate studies of outbreaks, calves (study 1, n = 101; study 2, n = 105) that developed respiratory tract disease after transport to a feedlot were treated with tilmicosin. Nasal secretion specimens were examined for PH organisms to determine the status of colonization.Results—In both studies, PH serotypes A1 and A6 were isolated. In study 1, tilmicosin treatment eliminated or markedly reduced the number of PH organisms in calves on days 1, 4, and 5 after treatment. In study 2, tilmicosin treatment eliminated PH organisms in calves on days 1, 2, 5, and 6 after treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overall, tilmicosin treatment increased the number of culture-positive calves that became culture-negative and decreased the number of culture-negative calves that became culture-positive for up to 6 days after treatment. Tilmicosin treatment decreased the number of PH organisms in nasal secretion specimens, which indicated that fewer PH organisms were available to infect the lungs or to infect other calves. By reducing colonization, prophylactic use of tilmicosin before transport or at the time of arrival at a feedlot is likely to reduce the incidence of acute respiratory tract disease in calves for the initial several days after arrival, which is the period when they are most susceptible to infectious organisms. (Am J Vet Res2000;61: 525–529)
Canine antibody response to Blastomyces dermatitidis WI-1 antigen
Authors: Klein Bruce S. , Squires Richard A. , Lloyd Janice K. Foyer , Ruge Daniel R. , Legendre Alfred M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess whether dogs with blastomycosis produce antibodies against the WI-1 and A-antigens ofBlastomyces dermatitidisand whether the antibodies are useful in serodiagnosis.Sample Population—359 serum samples obtained from 245 dogs.Procedure—233 samples from 122 dogs with blastomycosis, and 1 sample each from 24 dogs with suspected blastomycosis, 51 control dogs without infection, and 48 healthy dogs from an enzootic region were obtained. Antibodies against WI-1 antigen were detected by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Serum samples were tested in parallel for antibodies against the Aantigen ofB dermatitidisby commercial agar-gel immunodiffusion (AGID) in a reference laboratory.Results—Antibodies were detected in 92% of infected dogs by RIA and in 41% by AGID. For 29 serum samples that were obtained 11 to 1,545 days after diagnosis, antibodies were detected in 92% of samples by RIA and 7% by AGID. For 93 serial serum samples from 29 dogs with blastomycosis, the mean anti-WI-1 titer was 1:18,761 at the time of diagnosis, and decreased to a mean of 1:1,338 by 210 days after treatment was initiated. Of 24 dogs with suspected infection, antibodies were detected in 67% by RIA and 33% by AGID. Control dogs without blastomycosis had no detectable antibodies in either assay. Thus, sensitivity was 92% for RIA and 41% for AGID, and specificity was 100% for both tests.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Anti-WI-1 antibodies are readily detected by RIA in dogs with blastomycosis. Titers become high, decline during treatment, and persist for months. Anti-A antibodies are sometimes detected with AGID, but these decrease quickly. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:554–558)
Gait and speed as exercise components of risk factors associated with onset of fatigue injury of the third metacarpal bone in 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses
Authors: Boston Ray C. , Nunamaker David M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the degree to which components of the training program of 2-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses influence their susceptibility to fatigue injury of the third metacarpal bone (bucked shins).Animals—226 two-year-old Thoroughbred racehorses.Procedure—Daily training information and health reports on 2-year-old Thoroughbreds were compiled from records provided from 5 commercial stables. For each horse, data (exercise variables) were collected that comprised distance jogged (approx speed of 5 m/s), galloped (approx 11 m/s), and breezed (approx 15 to 16 m/s) until a single instance of bucked shins was reported. Data were coded for analysis using cross-tabulation, graphic, and survival techniques.Results—Of 226 horses, 56 had bucked shins, 9 completed the observation period without bucked shins, and 161 were lost to follow-up. Distinct training strategies were used at stables resulting in significantly different survival profiles among stables. Mean (± SD) allocation of exercise to breezing was 0.15 ± 0.13 miles/wk (maximum, 0.64 miles/wk), to galloping was 4.47 ± 1.52 miles/wk (maximum, 9.56 miles/wk), and to jogging was 2.34 ± 1.70 miles/wk (maximum, 8.53 miles/wk). Survival (ie, lack of bucked shins during 1 year of monitoring) was found to be significantly reduced by exercise allocation to breezing, significantly increased by exercise allocation to galloping, and uninfluenced by exercise allocation to jogging. The log of the hazard ratio was reduced by 4.2 ± 1.5/mile breezed and increased by 0.3 ± 0.1/mile galloped.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Relationships between different gaits and speeds in the training regimen influence the incidence of bucked shins. To reduce the incidence of bucked shins, trainers should consider allocating more training effort to regular short-distance breezing and less to long-distance galloping. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:602–608)
Changes in kinematic variables observed during pressure-induced forelimb lameness in adult horses trotting on a treadmill
Authors: Keegan Kevin G. , Wilson David A. , Smith Bryan K. , Wilson Daniel J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether kinematic changes induced by heel pressure in horses differ from those induced by toe pressure.Animals—10 adult Quarter Horses.Procedure—A shoe that applied pressure on the cuneus ungulae (frog) or on the toe was used. Kinematic analyses were performed before and after 2 levels of frog pressure and after 1 level of toe pressure. Values for stride displacement and time and joint angles were determined from horses trotting on a treadmill.Results—The first level of frog pressure caused decreases in metacarpophalangeal (fetlock) joint extension during stance and increases in head vertical movement and asymmetry. The second level of frog pressure caused these changes but also caused decreases in stride duration and carpal joint extension during stance as well as increases in relative stance duration. Toe pressure caused changes in these same variables but also caused maximum extension of the fetlock joint to occur before midstance, maximum hoof height to be closer to midswing, and forelimb protraction to increase.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Decreased fetlock joint extension during stance and increased head vertical movement and asymmetry are sensitive indicators of forelimb lameness. Decreased stride duration, increased relative stance duration, and decreased carpal joint extension during stance are general but insensitive indicators of forelimb lameness. Increased forelimb protraction, hoof flight pattern with maximum hoof height near midswing, and maximum fetlock joint extension in cranial stance may be specific indicators of lameness in the toe region. Observation of forelimb movement may enable clinicians to differentiate lameness of the heel from lameness of the toe. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:612-619)
Effects of warm-up intensity on kinetics of oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production during high-intensity exercise in horses
Authors: Geor Raymond J. , McCutcheon L. Jill , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare effects of low and high intensity warm-up exercise on oxygen consumption (O2) and carbon dioxide production (CO2) in horses. Animals—6 moderately conditioned adult Standardbreds.Procedures—Horses ran for 2 minutes at 115% of maximum oxygen consumption (O2max), 5 minutes after each of the following periods: no warm-up (NoWU); 10 minutes at 50% ofO2max (LoWU); or 7 minutes at 50%O2max followed by 45-second intervals at 80, 90, and 100%O2max (HiWU). Oxygen consumption andCO2were measured during exercise, and kinetics ofO2andCO2were calculated. Accumulated O2deficit was also calculated.Results—For both warm-up trials, the time constant for the rapid exponential increase inO2was 30% lower than for NoWU. Similarly, the rate of increase inCO2was 23% faster in LoWU and HiWU than in NoWU. Peak values forO2achieved during the highspeed test were not significantly different among trials (LoWU, 150.2 ± 3.2 ml/kg/min; HiWU, 151.2 ± 4.2 ml/kg/min; NoWU, 145.1 ± 4.1 ml/kg/min). However, accumulated O2deficit (ml of O2equivalents/kg) was significantly lower during LoWU (65.3 ± 5.1) and HiWU (63.4 ± 3.9) than during NoWU (82.1 ± 7.3).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both the lowand high-intensity warm-up, completed 5 minutes before the start of high-intensity exercise, accelerated the kinetics ofO2andCO2and decreased accumulated O2 deficit during 2 minutes of intense exertion in horses that were moderately conditioned. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:638–645)
Pathophysiologic correlates of acute porcine pleuropneumonia
Authors: Baarsch Mary Jo , Foss Dennis L. , Murtaugh Michael P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop and evaluate an in vivo model to study early events in the pathogenesis of acute porcine pleuropneumonia.Animals—Thirty-six 6- to 8-week-old pigs.Procedure—Pigs were inoculated intranasally or endotracheally withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae; inoculation routes were compared by evaluation of clinical signs, gross and microscopic lung lesions, hematologic changes, serum zinc, iron, and haptoglobin concentrations, and inflammatory cytokines.Results—The 2 inoculation routes resulted in similar findings, although intranasal inoculation caused unilateral gross lung lesions, whereas endotracheal inoculation caused bilateral gross lesions. Clinical signs of disease were observed < 2 hours after endotracheal inoculation and 6 to 8 hours after intranasal inoculation. Total WBC counts did not differ significantly after inoculation by either inoculation route, although band neutrophils increased significantly. The earliest findings associated withA pleuropneumoniaeinoculation, irrespective of route, were decreased serum zinc and iron concentrations. Serum haptoglobin concentrations were significantly increased after inoculation. Inoculation induced rapid influx of macrophages into the lung and local induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Northern blot analysis of total RNA from lung tissue indicated that inoculated pigs had increased concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1α, and IL-8; tumor necrosis factor messenger RNA concentration was not increased.Conclusions—Endotracheal inoculation withA pleuropneumoniaerapidly and consistently induced diffuse bilateral pneumonia; thus, this method may be useful for the study of acute pathophysiologic changes associated with bacterial pneumonia and may provide an experimental model for testing modalities for prevention and treatment of this and other respiratory tract diseases of pigs. (Am J Vet Res2000;61:684–690)