bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DOSE-RESPONSE BETWEEN EXOGENOUS CORTISONE ACETATE AND THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR IN MAN
Authors: Faarvang Hans J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of different doses of exogenous cortisone acetate on the urinary excretion of trypsin inhibitor was studied in 3 women with approximately the same normal spontaneous 24-hour cortisol production. No correlation could be found between the dose of cortisone and the crude trypsin inhibitor excretion produced. However, when the 24-hour trypsin inhibitor excretion on the day of hormone administration was measured with the subject's normal spontaneous 24-hour excretion level of the inhibitor as unit, a high degree of positive correlation (direct proportionality) was found.
These results can be explained by the previously proposed theory, that the urinary trypsin inhibitor excretion is determined by the equation:
Excretion of trypsin inhibitor = Amount of glucocorticoid affecting the organism × Sensitivity to glucocorticoid,
where sensitivity to glucocorticoid is the excretion of trypsin inhibitor produced by 1 mg of the glucocorticoid.
AUTORADIOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION STUDIES OF INJECTED 32P-LABELLED POLYDIETHYLSTILBOESTROL PHOSPHATE
Authors: Bengtsson G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The autoradiographic distribution pattern of intravenously injected 32P-polydiethylstilboestrol phosphate (32P-PSP), in which the diethylstilboestrol molecules are linked by 32P-phosphate bonds, has been studied in mice. In accordance with previous findings with a PSP-preparation labelled with 14C in the diethylstilboestrol molecules an accumulation was seen in tissues rich in reticuloendothelial cells which are a probable depot for the macromolecule. Contrary to 14C-PSP no specific uptake of 32P was observed in tissues presumed to be targets for oestrogens. This indicates that only the monomolecular diethylstilboestrol and not the polymer shows affinity to the target sites.
IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF ANDROGENS BY A VIRILIZING ADRENAL ADENOMA AND ASSOCIATED POLYCYSTIC OVARIES
Authors: Kase Nathan , Kowal Jerome , Perloff William , Soffer Louis J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case of a virilizing adrenal adenoma in which bilateral Stein-Leventhal ovaries were found is presented. Despite the morphologic similarity, these ovaries did not possess the in vitro potential for increased androgen production demonstrated by polycystic ovaries removed from patients without apparent adrenal disease. These findings lend support to the thesis that, regardless of the organ source, increased androgen production leads to abnormal ovarian function reflected morphologically in follicle maturation arrest.
ENDOCRINE ACTIVITY OF THE TESTIS IN OBESE-HYPERGLYCAEMIC MICE
Authors: Hellman Bo , Jacobsson Lars , Täljedal Inge-Bert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The endocrine activity of the testis in relation to hyperglycaemia and obesity was investigated by using hereditary obese-hyperglycaemic mice (AO-mice). The AO-mice had smaller testes and hypoplastic seminal vesicles. The occurrence of atrophic interstitial Leydig cells was a conspicuous feature in these animals. However, a positive reaction for steroid 3β-ol dehydrogenase was also obtained in these interstitial cells. The Leydig cells of the AO-mice represented an endocrine organ with a total volume of only half that in the normal litter mates (AN-mice). Although there was a slight decrease in the number of spermatozoa, all stages of a normal spermatogenesis were identified. The signs of reduced endocrine activity of the testis in the obese-hyperglycaemic syndrome are discussed in the light of previous data on reproduction anomalies in diabetes and obesity.
FAILURE TO INHIBIT CORTICOTROPHIN SECRETION BY EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED INCREASES IN CORTICOID LEVELS
Authors: Smelik P. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present experiments were designed in order to investigate whether physiological elevations in corticoid blood levels would inhibit the pituitary-adrenal response to stress. Plasma corticosterone (11β,21-dihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) levels and the in vitro corticoid production by excised adrenals were determined in anaesthetized rats, pretreated with corticosterone solutions injected intravenously or intramuscularly.
Intravenous administration of small amounts of corticosterone induced a very high but transient peak in plasma corticosterone concentrations. Corticosterone infusion caused a constant increase in plasma corticosterone levels. Increases exceeding maximal physiological values did not prevent the adrenocortical activation produced by histamine or corticotrophin.
The summation of exogenous (infused) and endogenous (produced) corticosterone in the plasma became incomplete with increasing levels. This summation was not due to an increasing inhibition of the endogenous production, but to a higher rate of disappearance from the blood.
It is concluded that these data are not in agreement with the »variable set point control theory[00AP], and demonstrate that physiological variations in plasma corticoid concentration do not affect the acute stress-induced corticotrophin release.
EINE CHEMISCHE METHODE ZUR BESTIMMUNG VON 16-EPI-ÖSTRIOL IM URIN DES MENSCHEN
Authors: Nocke W. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for the chemical determination of 16-epi-oestriol in the urine of nonpregnant women with a qualitative sensitivity of less than 0.5 μg/24 h is described. The separation of 16-epi-oestriol and oestriol is accomplished by converting 16-epi-oestriol into its acetonide, a reaction which is stereoselective for cis-glycols and therefore not undergone by oestriol as a trans-glycol. Following partition between chloroform and aqueous alkali, the acetonide of 16-epi-oestriol is completely separated with the organic layer whereas oestriol as a strong phenol remains in the alkaline phase. 16-epi-oestriol is chromatographed on alumina as the acetonide and determined as a Kober chromogen. This procedure can easily be incorporated into the method of Brown et al. (1957 b) thus making possible the simultaneous routine assay of oestradiol-17β, oestrone, oestriol and 16-epi-oestriol from one sample of urine.
The specificity of the method was established by separation of 16-epi-oestriol from nonpregnancy urine as the acetonide, hydrolysis of the acetonide by phosphoric acid, isolation of the free compound by microsublimation and identification by micro melting point, colour reactions and chromatography. The accuracy of the method is given by a mean recovery of 64% for pure crystalline 16-epi-oestriol when added to hydrolysed urine in 5–10 μg amounts. The precision is given by s = 0.24 μg/24 h. For the duplicate determination of 16-epi-oestriol the qualitative sensitivity is 0.44 μg/24 h, the maximum percentage error being ± 100% The quantitative sensitivity (±25% error) is 1.7 μg/24 h.
THE CONVERSION OF PREGNENOLONE-7-3H AND PROGESTERONE-4-14C TO OESTRADIOL BY A CORPUS LUTEUM OF PREGNANCY
Authors: Ryan Kenneth J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The conversion by a corpus luteum of pregnancy of pregnenolone-7-3H and progesterone-4-14C to oestradiol in 1% yield has been reported. The oestradiol was characterized by solvent partition, chromatography, enzymatic conversion to oestrone, methyl ether formation and crystallization after carrier addition. A similar ratio of 3H to 14C was found in the starting materials, in the 17-hydroxyprogesterone intermediate and in the end product oestradiol. No evidence was found for a significant alternate pathway of oestrogen formation via Δ5-3β ol intermediates in this tissue.
THE ADRENAL CORTEX AND EFFECTS OF ADRENALINE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN THE ISOLATED RAT DIAPHRAGM
Authors: Bouman P. R. , Dermer W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro effects of adrenaline on glycogen metabolism and glucose uptake were studied in diaphragms of intact, adrenalectomized and adrenodemedullated rats decapitated under »Nembutal« anaesthesia.
Adrenalectomy and pretreatment of adrenalectomized rats with cortisol caused an increase in the net loss of glycogen induced by adrenaline. When glycogen deposition in the absence of adrenaline was also taken into account, the overall magnitude of the glycogenolytic response appeared to be unchanged. The apparent qualitative change in response induced by these procedures was attributed to increased initial glycogen values. In diaphragms of adrenalectomized and adrenodemedullated rats the response to adrenaline was identical, the initial glycogen content being the same in these preparations. None of the experimental procedures affected the variable inhibition of glucose uptake by adrenaline.
These results do not favour the existence of a »permissive« or synergistic action of adrenocortical steroids with regard to the effects of adrenaline on peripheral carbohydrate metabolism.
EFFECTS OF LONG TERM ADMINISTRATION OF GLUCAGON ON THE PANCREATIC ISLET TISSUE OF RATS AND GUINEA-PIGS
Authors: Petersson Birger , Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats and guinea-pigs were injected every eight hours with crystalline glucagon (0.3–0.6 mg/kg) and killed after different periods of treatment up to 30 days. Immature animals (glucagon treatment commenced on the second postnatal day) were also included among the rats investigated.
While the immature glucagon treated rats grew almost as well as their litter mate controls, there was a marked reduction of the body and adrenal weights, when the injections were started at a more adult age. In the latter rats the total islet volume was significantly reduced and the A1/A2 cell number ratio increased from 0.24 ± 0.02 to 0.32 ± 0.02.
In the guinea-pigs the glucagon treatment resulted in a considerable decrease in both the body and pancreatic weights. These changes were associated with a significant increase in the relative amount of the endocrine pancreas, the total islet volume being unchanged. While the A1 cells appeared unaffected by the glucagon treatment, the A2 cells were markedly atrophied. After an apparent initial increase there was a subsequent progressive diminution of the silvery-white dark field granulation of the A2 cells during the glucagon treatment. The postcoupled benzylidene reaction for tryptophane also decreased and became insignificant in guineapigs injected with glucagon for a long period. In the latter animals the percentage of A2 cells was only 3.4 ± 0.2 as compared with 24.4 ± 1.3 for the controls. As a consequence of this, the A1/A2 cell number ratio was about 6 times as high in the glucagon treated guinea-pigs. The data obtained for the longer term adaptation of the islets of Langerhans to the administration of glucagon support the concept that this hormone is secreted by the silver-negative A2 cells.
CYTOGENETICAL AND CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS IN MALE HYPOGONADISM
Authors: de la Chapelle Albert , Hortling Herman 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cytogenetical investigations were carried out on 43 patients with manifest or suspected hypogonadism. Clinically, the patients were divided into different groups.
Among 9 patients with Klinefelter-like syndrome, 5 had the karyotype 47/XXY and 4 had normal male chromosomes (46/XY). Among a further 8 patients who had unilateral or bilateral cryptorchidism or had had it previously, but did not show any other typical clinical features, 2 had the karyotype 47/XXY, one was a 45/XO // 46/XY mosaic, and one had markedly large Y chromosomes. Four patients of this group had normal chromosomes. One patient with traumatic agonadism and two with primary congenital testicular hypogonadism had normal karyotypes. Among 8 patients with delayed puberty or infantilism, 3 had the karyotype 47/XXY, one had 46/X-large Y, and 4 were cytogenetically normal. One patient with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism was of the type 46/X-large Y. Two pituitary dwarfs had normal karyotypes. Finally, out of 3 patients with signs of dystrophia adiposo-genitalis, one had the karyotype 47/XXY, one 46/X-large Y, and one had normal chromosomes.
Large Y chromosomes probably do not cause hypogonadism or developmental disorder.
One patient with no clinical hypogonadism, who had normal chromosomes, had Barr bodies in his oral mucosa cells. Thus undetected mosaicism is probable in his case.
Good agreement was otherwise evident between the results of nuclear sexing and karyotype determinations. Thus, the 11 patients with the karyotype 47/XXY were chromatin-positive, whereas all the others were chromatin-negative.
No aberrations whatsoever of the chromosomes or sex chromatin were demonstrated in a control group of 20 subjects.
THE EFFECT OF INTRAVENOUSLY INJECTED CORTICOTROPHIN IN MAN
Authors: Hedner Pavo , Einerth Yngve 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A single intravenous injection of 10 U. S. P. units of a purified ACTH preparation in man produced a maximal effect for at least 4 hours, and the effect was still significant 8 hours after the injection. The biological half life of this preparation was calculated and found to be about 1 hour. When given as an infusion over 8 hours this preparation was calculated to give a maximally active plasma ACTH level for 9½ hours. A significantly increased plasma corticosteroid level was present 12 hours after the beginning of the infusion, and a comparable response was obtained by the same amount of ACTH twice injected intravenously with 4 hours interval. A maximal adrenocortical activity was obtained with 50 U. S. P. units of the same ACTH injected intramuscularly and this persisted for at least 8 hours.
The result of this investigation is not consistent with the view often held that the biological half life of exogenous ACTH is short and this discrepancy may be explained by the purified ACTH preparation used here. The relation between different methods of ACTH administration and their significance in clinical therapy is discussed.
THE EXCRETION OF OESTRONE, PREGNANEDIOL AND PREGNANETRIOL IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Nissen-Meyer Roar , Sanner Tore 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestrone, pregnanediol and pregnanetriol has been determined in breast cancer patients at different stages of their endocrine treatment.
The results demonstrate that corticosteroids in substitution doses (cortisone 50 mg daily, or prednisone 10 mg daily, divided in 4 daily doses) are very effective in depressing the excretion of all three steroids in postmenopausal patients. This is in agreement with our clinical impression that these easily tolerated small doses of corticosteroids have the same therapeutic effect as adrenalectomy in patients with breast cancer.
The results indicate that the ovaries may contribute to the production of oestrogens for many years after the menopause, and that this production is depressed by ovarian irradiation. This is in agreement with our clinical observation that ovarian irradiation has a therapeutic value in postmenopausal women with breast cancer.
AN IMPROVED CHICK COMB ANDROGEN ASSAY
Authors: Lerner Leonard J. , Bianchi Albert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modification of an androgen assay employing chick comb growth as its end-point has been described.
Reduction in the daily inunction volume of the androgen oil vehicle from 0.05 ml to 0.005 ml and its delivery to the comb with a microsyringe resulted in increased assay sensitivity and precision. Statistical analyses of testosterone dose response curves indicate that 6.2 and 6.6 times as much androgen is required when the larger vehicle volume is used to elicit identical comb growth response compared with that of the smaller volume. The index of precision (λ) for a four dose level assay was 0.336 for the larger volume and 0.190 for the smaller vehicle volume.
ISOLIERUNG VON DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERON AUS MENSCHLICHEM SPERMA
Authors: Dirscherl W. , Breuer H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
266 ml of human sperm were extracted with butanol and the extracts hydrolysed with helix pomatia. After chromatography on Al2O3, a 17-oxo-steroid was found which was identified as dehydroepiandrosterone by its melting point, paper chromatography, and the sulfuric acid-water reaction. The concentration of dehydroepiandrosterone was found to be 6.9 μg/100 ml.
DIE INITIALE METABOLISIERUNG VON TESTOSTERON-4-14C IN DER RATTE. I.
Authors: Mosebach K.-O. , Dirscherl W. , El-Attar T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of testosterone-4-14C was investigated in different organs of immature, non castrated male rats 10 minutes after administration. The total amount of radioactivity in the conjugates (glucuronides, sulfates), water and organic phases was determined. The activity of the conjugated fraction in the testes, liver, skin and penis was relatively high. The glucuronide fraction was especially high in the testes, liver and blood. A rather soluble phase which adhered to the organic extract residue was particularly high in the liver and blood. Testosterone metabolites were abundant in the liver, kidneys, testes, seminal vesicles and penis. In the liver, kidney and testes a good deal of activity was found in the region of dihydroxy C19 steroids on paper, while there was much less activity due to monohydroxymonoketo C19 steroids. Androstenedione could not be detected in all organs investigated except in the testes. In the liver, kidney and blood considerable amounts of activity due to unknown high polar metabolites were observed.
In a preliminary investigation, it was found that, 10 min after the injection of testosterone-4-14C, the specific activity of the testes, seminal vesicles and penis was much higher than in the other organs. This activity decreased fairly rapidly.
THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OF 3α-HYDROXY-17-KETOSTEROIDS
Authors: Fukushima David K. , Bradlow H. Leon , Zumoff Barnett , Hellman Leon , Gallagher T. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolism of 3α-hydroxy-δ5-androsten-17-one (I) was studied in man. Following large intravenous and oral quantities of I, androsterone plus aetiocholanolone accounted respectively for 14% and 23% of the amount administered. In both studies 5% of I was recovered unchanged and no evidence was obtained for significant formation of dehydroepiandrosterone.
Rapid oxidation of the 3α-hydroxyl group of I following intravenous injection of 3α-hydroxy-δ5-androsten-17-one-3β-3H occurred as evidenced by tritium in body water. There was only trace radioactivity in androsterone and aetiocholanolone. Labeled I was recovered in about 13% yield. Oxidation of the 3α-hydroxyl group was also shown to occur with 3α-hydroxyaetiocholan-17-one-3β-3H with a 55% recovery of steroid. The significance of the results and the metabolic pathways involved are discussed.
METABOLIC STUDIES WITH 131I-LABELED THYROXINE. II.
Authors: Grinberg R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Radiologically thyroidectomized female Swiss mice were injected intraperitoneally with 131I-labeled thyroxine (T4*), and were studied at time intervals of 30 minutes and 4, 28, 48 and 72 hours after injection, 10 mice for each time interval. The organs of the central nervous system and the pituitary glands were chromatographed, and likewise serum from the same animal.
The chromatographic studies revealed a compound with the same mobility as 131I-labeled triiodothyronine in the organs of the CNS and in the pituitary gland, but this compound was not present in the serum. In most of the chromatographic studies, the peaks for I, T4 and T3 coincided with those for the standards. In several instances, however, such an exact coincidence was lacking.
A tentative explanation for the presence of T3* in the pituitary gland following the injection of T4* is a deiodinating system in the pituitary gland or else the capacity of the pituitary gland to concentrate T3* formed in other organs. The presence of T3* is apparently a characteristic of most of the CNS (brain, midbrain, medulla and spinal cord); but in the case of the optic nerve, the compound is not present under the conditions of this study.
EFFECT OF CLOMIPHENE ON AROMATIZATION OF STEROIDS BY THE HUMAN PLACENTA IN VITRO
Authors: Smith Olive W. , Day Caroline F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Results of in vivo experiments in women (Smith et al. 1963) have raised the possibility that clomiphene per se may be capable of stimulating one or more of the enzyme systems involved in ovarian biosynthesis of oestrogens. In the in vitro experiments herein reported, the effect of adding this drug to a preparation of human placenta capable of converting certain C19 steroids to ring A phenols was investigated. The substrates were inert and radioactive testosterone and androstenedione. In each of 6 experiments involving, besides the controls, nine direct comparisons between the yields of oestrone with versus without clomiphene added, there was clear evidence that the addition of clomiphene increased the rate of this reaction. The conversion of radioactive precursors was increased by an average of 23.4%. Measured chemically, in the same experiments, the average increase was 27.0%.
That the results reported are related to the stimulatory effect of this drug upon steroidogenesis in human ovaries remains to be proven.
DISTRIBUTION OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL-17β IN SOW OVARIES
Authors: Lunaas Torleiv 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The contents of oestrone and oestradiol-17β were estimated in component parts of sow ovaries representative of the follicular and luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and also in whole juvenile ovaries.
The values obtained of the sum total oestrone and oestradiol-17β in the follicular fluid and in the corresponding residual tissue were highly correlated. The proportions of oestradiol-17β tended to be larger in the follicular fluid than in the tissue (mean percentage: 84.3 and 69.6 respectively).
In ovaries from the luteal phase of the oestrous cycle the oestrogen levels were generally lower than in ovaries from the follicular phase. Whereas no difference was found between the very low levels of oestrone in the corpora lutea and in the remainder of the ovary containing small follicles, the levels of oestradiol-17β differed significantly, being lower in the luteal tissue.
Within each category of ovaries the absolute levels of the oestrogens were very variable.
The results are discussed in relation to the pattern of urinary oestrone excretion in the sow during the oestrous cycle.
INHIBITORY ACTION OF CALCIUM ON THE INACTIVATION OF ANTIDIURETIC HORMONE BY RAT KIDNEY SLICES
Authors: Thorn N. A. , Willumsen N. B. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Increasing the calcium concentration 5 times or more in the medium used for studying the inactivation of arginine-vasopressin by rat kidney medulla slices caused a marked inhibition of the inactivating activity of such slices. This effect was not found in homogenates of rat kidney medulla. The results are in agreement with the interpretation that the high calcium concentration decreased the cellular permeability to the hormone. This would seem to give a rational explanation of the vasopressin-resistant diabetes insipidus which is found in hypercalcaemia.
DER TSH-RESERVE-TEST AN DER RATTE
Authors: Iff H. W. , Studer H. , Wyss F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A rebound of 131I-uptake by the thyroid gland after a thyrostatic treatment may be taken as evidence of an unimpaired pituitary TSH-secretion.
The iodide uptake in vivo and the iodide accumulation in vitro were studied in rat thyroids following a short-term treatment of the animals with carbimazole. The experiments served as models for the clinical method of assaying the pituitary TSH-reserve.
The total iodide uptake reaches a peak 36 hours after the end of a carbimazole treatment and returns to normal after 96 hours. The rebound of the iodide accumulation has a similar time course. Extending the carbimazole treatment from 6 to 12 days leads to a definite increase in the peak iodide accumulation while the peak of the total iodide uptake was not significantly increased. The duration of the rebound-phase is not changed by prolonged carbimazole treatment.