bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sustained‐Release of Antigens and CpG‐DNA using Temperature‐Responsive Biodegradable Injectable Polymers: Performance on Induction of Immune Responses
Authors: Yoshizaki Yuta , Horii Kenta , Murase Nobuo , Kuzuya Akinori , Ohya Yuichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, a vaccine delivery system is developed that attains sustained release of antigens (ovalbumin; model antigen) and adjuvants (CpG‐DNA; oligodeoxynucleotides containing unmethylated cytosine‐guanine motifs) using biodegradable temperature‐responsive injectable polymers (IP). Previously a biodegradable IP system was prepared that exhibited a temperature‐responsive sol‐to‐gel transition and subsequent chemical cross‐linking. The IP system used triblock copolymers, poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐glycolide)‐b‐poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ε‐caprolactone‐co‐glycolide) (tri‐PCG) and a polymer whose termini were converted to N‐hydroxysuccinimide esters (tri‐PCG‐OSu). OVA and CpG‐DNA sustained release was achieved using tri‐PCG‐based IP systems in vitro. Moreover, the release of CpG‐DNA was delayed using an IP system containing tri‐PCG‐OSu mixed with poly(L‐lysine) (PLL). Subcutaneous administration of the tri‐PCG‐based IP gel vaccine induced stronger humoral and cellular immune responses in mice than in those without IP administration. The Tri‐PCG‐OSu IP gel maintained high OVA‐specific IgG titers for 22 weeks. In contrast, the tri‐PCG IP gel exhibits a relatively rapid release of CpG DNA in vitro, predominantly inducing cellular immune responses. Furthermore, the tri‐PCG IP gel shows a potent antitumor effect against OVA‐expressing T lymphoma (E.G7‐OVA) and extends the survival duration of mice. Therefore, tri‐PCG‐based IP systems are promising vaccine platforms for controlling the release of antigens and adjuvants to enhance the humoral and cellular immune responses.
Aromatic‐Carbonyl Interactions as an Emerging Type of Non‐Covalent Interactions
Authors: Yin Chaowei , Ye Hebo , Hai Yu , Zou Hanxun , You Lei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAromatic‐carbonyl (Ar···C═O) interactions, attractive interactions between the arene plane and the carbon atom of carbonyl, are in the infancy as one type of new supramolecular bonding forces. Here the study and functionalization of aromatic‐carbonyl interactions in solution is reported. A combination of aromatic‐carbonyl interactions and dynamic covalent chemistry provided a versatile avenue. The stabilizing role and mechanism of arene‐aldehyde/imine interactions are elucidated through crystal structures, NMR studies, and computational evidence. The movement of imine exchange equilibria further allowed the quantification of the interplay between arene‐aldehyde/imine interactions and dynamic imine chemistry, with solvent effects offering another handle and matching the electrostatic feature of the interactions. Moreover, arene‐aldehyde/imine interactions enabled the reversal of kinetic and thermodynamic selectivity and sorting of dynamic covalent libraries. To show the functional utility diverse modulation of fluorescence signals is realized with arene‐aldehyde/imine interactions. The results should find applications in many aspects, including molecular recognition, assemblies, catalysis, and intelligent materials.
High‐Entropy Phase Stabilization Engineering Enables High‐Performance Layered Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Bing , Ma Jun , Wang Kejian , Wang Dekai , Xu Gaojie , Wang Xiaogang , Hu Zhiwei , Pao Chih‐Wen , Chen Jeng‐Lung , Du Li , Du Xiaofan , Cui Guanglei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractO3‐type layered oxides are considered as one of the most promising cathode materials for rechargeable sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to their appealing energy density and feasible synthesis. Nevertheless, it undergoes complicated phase transitions and pronounced structural degradation during the cycling of charge/discharge process, rendering severe volumetric strain and poor cycling performance. Herein, a zero‐strain high‐entropy NaNi0.2Fe0.2Mn0.35Cu0.05Zn0.1Sn0.1O2 cathode for SIBs is presented by high‐entropy phase stabilization engineering. It is verified that this low‐nickel cobalt‐free high‐entropy cathode can deliver a highly reversible phase evolution, zero volumetric strain, and a significantly improved cycling performance in full cells (87% capacity retention after 500 cycles at 3.0 C). Combining X‐ray absorption spectra and first‐principles calculations, the varied elemental functions in the high‐entropy framework are clearly elucidated, namely, Ni/Fe/Cu acts as charge compensators, while Mn/Zn/Sn serve as interlayer slipping inhibitors through enhanced charge localization besides their stable valence states. By addressing the volumetric strain and cycling instability concerns for O3‐type cathode materials, this work presents a promising strategy for inhibiting irreversible phase transitions and structural degradation in intercalation electrodes, which significantly boosts the development of commercially feasible cathodes for high‐performance SIBs.
Does urban–rural integration reduce rural poverty?
Authors: Niu Kunzai , Xu Hengzhou 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRural poverty reduction is a challenge worldwide. Urban–rural integration is not only the result of urban and rural development but also the cause of poverty alleviation. Few studies, however, have used empirical methods to examine the social impact of urban–rural integration. Against the Chinese background, this study adopts an empirical method to analyze the impact of urban–rural integration on rural poverty reduction at the micro level. The study finds that urban–rural integration can reduce rural households' absolute poverty and relative income poverty. The main channel is the access of rural households to medical services. However, there is regional heterogeneity and household heterogeneity. Urban–rural integration cannot reduce rural household poverty for the western regions with backward economies. Household heads' age, health and job will impact the effect of urban–rural integration on reducing rural household poverty. Urban–rural integration and poverty alleviation development work should pay more attention to access to resources and services and adopt differentiated policies for different regions. [EconLit Citations: R1]
Synthesis of 3‐Aryl Substituted Triimidazotriazines via Regioselective Direct Arylation
Authors: Rosadoni Elisabetta , Ballerini Lorenzo , Del Vecchio Antonio , Bellina Fabio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA general and convenient selective direct arylation of the 3‐position of triimidazo[1,2‐a:1’,2’‐c:1’’,2’’‐e][1,3,5]triazine (1) with (hetero)aryl halides in DMA was successfully achieved in the presence of K2CO3 as the base and a catalyst precursor consisting of Pd(OAc)2 and P(2‐furyl)3. Electron‐poor and ‐rich (hetero)aryl moieties, including the strongly deactivated and sterically encumbered 2,4,6‐trimethoxyphenyl unit, are well tolerated in the electrophilic partner. The data obtained in this synthetic study support a reaction mechanism involving an electrophilic attack of an arylpalladium‐(II) halide species onto the triazine ring.
The establishment of a collaborative surveillance program with indigenous hunters to characterize primate health in Southern Guyana
Authors: Milstein Marissa S. , Shaffer Christopher A. , Suse Phillip , Marawanaru Elisha , Shoni Romel , Suse Steven , Issacs Bemner , Larsen Peter A. , Travis Dominic A. , Terio Karen A. , Wolf Tiffany M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe consumption of primates is integral to the traditional subsistence strategies of many Indigenous communities throughout Amazonia. Understanding the overall health of primates harvested for food in the region is critical to Indigenous food security and thus, these communities are highly invested in long‐term primate population health. Here, we describe the establishment of a surveillance comanagement program among the Waiwai, an Indigenous community in the Konashen Amerindian Protected Area (KAPA). To assess primate health in the KAPA, hunters performed field necropsies on primates harvested for food and tissues collected from these individuals were analyzed using histopathology. From 2015 to 2019, hunters conducted 127 necropsies across seven species of primates. Of this sample, 82 primates (between 2015 and 2017) were submitted for histopathological screening. Our histopathology data revealed that KAPA primates had little evidence of underlying disease. Of the tissue abnormalities observed, the majority were either due to diet (e.g., hepatocellular pigment), degenerative changes resulting from aging (e.g., interstitial nephritis, myocyte lipofusion), or nonspecific responses to antigenic stimulation (renal and splenic lymphoid hyperplasia). In our sample, 7.32% of individuals had abnormalities that were consistent with a viral etiology, including myocarditis and hepatitis. Internal parasites were observed in 53.66% of individuals and is consistent with what would be expected from a free‐ranging primate population. This study represents the importance of baseline data for long‐term monitoring of primate populations hunted for food. More broadly, this research begins to close a critical gap in zoonotic disease risk related to primate harvesting in Amazonia, while also demonstrating the benefits of partnering with Indigenous hunters and leveraging hunting practices in disease surveillance and primate population health assessment.
Expanding the Hydrophobic Cavity Surface of Azocalix[4]arene to Enable Biotin/Avidin Affinity with Controlled Release
Authors: Chen Fang‐Yuan , Li Cheng‐Zhi , Han Han , Geng Wen‐Chao , Zhang Shu‐Xin , Jiang Ze‐Tao , Zhao Qing‐Yu , Cai Kang , Guo Dong‐Sheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of artificial receptors that combine ultrahigh‐affinity binding and controllable release for active guests holds significant importance in biomedical applications. On one hand, a complex with an exceedingly high binding affinity can resist unwanted dissociation induced by dilution effect and complex interferents within physiological environments. On the other hand, stimulus‐responsive release of the guest is essential for precisely activating its function. In this context, we expanded hydrophobic cavity surface of a hypoxia‐responsive azocalix[4]arene, affording Naph‐SAC4A. This modification significantly enhanced its aqueous binding affinity to 1013 M−1, akin to the naturally occurring strongest recognition pair, biotin/(strept−)avidin. Consequently, Naph‐SAC4A emerges as the first artificial receptor to simultaneously integrate ultrahigh recognition affinity and actively controllable release. The markedly enhanced affinity not only improved Naph‐SAC4A′s sensitivity in detecting rocuronium bromide in serum, but also refined the precision of hypoxia‐responsive doxorubicin delivery at the cellular level, demonstrating its immense potential for diverse practical applications.
Local governmentsʼ accountability and public trust in Nepal: Does participation make a difference?
Authors: Han Yousueng , Aryal Narayan , Hwang Kwangseon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study developed an analytical framework enabling a better understanding of the relationship between accountability and public trust through the moderation effect of public participation. To test the relationship empirically, a cross‐sectional survey was conducted in three local governments of two provinces in Nepal. The results demonstrated that the constructs of transparency, responsiveness, and public participation were significant predictors of public trust in Nepal, whereas liability and controllability were not significant predictors. These findings suggest that trust in the government depended on the governmentʼs performance and cultural aspects of people in Nepal, with performance aspects being more influential. These findings have theoretical and practical implications. The study contributes to the “performance‐trust model” presented in the existing literature by adding the moderating effect of perceived public participation.
A rare presentation of triple‐barrel aortic dissection in a Ghanaian male
Authors: Coleman Nana Adjoa M. , Folson Aba A. , Bekui Mawufemor A. , Owusu Bennett 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageAcute aortic dissection in unusual/rare circumstances may become chronic and multi lumen. A high clinical acumen, examination and investigations in the acute setting, may help reduce late/misdiagnosis and complications in low resource settings.
U.S. Black adults' estate planning: The role of financial planner use, inheritance receipt, and life insurance ownership
Authors: Watkins Kimberly , Choi Shinae L. , Reiter Miranda , McCoy Megan , Smodic Shelitha , Thompson Cory , White Kenneth , Muruthi Bertranna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile an emerging body of research has documented the significance of estate planning, there remains limited understanding regarding the extent of Black adults' engagement with estate planning in the United States. The objectives of this study were to examine whether the utilization of financial planners, the status of inheritance receipt, and religion are associated with engagement in estate planning among U.S. Black adults, and how these associations vary based on life insurance policy ownership. Participants for this study were 673 U.S. Black adults aged 25 and older who completed an online survey in July 2021. We estimated logistic regression models to predict Black adults' engagement in estate planning. Results indicated that in fully adjusted models, Black adults who used the services of a financial planner had significantly higher odds of executing a valid will or trust than those who did not seek assistance from a financial planner. The status of inheritance receipt, frequency of attendance at religious services, and ownership of life insurance policies were positively and significantly associated with engagement in estate planning among Black adults. However, as a moderator, patterns did not differ significantly depending on whether they owned life insurance policies. These findings may assist professionals and other stakeholders in financial planning to develop strategies or interventions to enhance estate planning for U.S. Black households.
An Enantioselective Aminocatalytic Cascade Reaction Affording Bioactive Hexahydroazulene Scaffolds
Authors: Faghtmann Jonas , Eugui Macarena , Nygaard Lamhauge Johannes , Sofie Pladsbjerg Andresen Signe , Rask Østergaard Anne , Bjerregaard Svenningsen Esben , B. Poulsen Thomas , Anker Jørgensen Karl 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel cascade reaction initiated by an enantioselective aminocatalysed 1,3‐dipolar [6+4] cycloaddition between catalytically generated trienamines and 3‐oxidopyridinium betaines is presented. The [6+4] cycloadduct spontaneously undergoes an intramolecular enamine‐mediated aldol, hydrolysis, and E1cb sequence, which ultimately affords a chiral hexahydroazulene framework. In this process, three new C−C bonds and three new stereocenters are formed, enabled by a formal unfolding of the pyridine moiety from the dipolar reagent. The hexahydroazulenes are formed with excellent diastereo‐, regio‐ and periselectivity (>20 : 1), up to 96 % ee, and yields up to 52 %. Synthetic elaborations of this scaffold were performed, providing access to a variety of functionalised hydroazulene compounds, of which some were found to display biological activity in U‐2OS osteosarcoma cells in cell painting assays.
Separation of enantiomers of chiral fullerene derivatives through enantioselective encapsulation within an adaptable helical cavity of syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) with helicity memory
Authors: Taura Daisuke , Minami Akiko , Mamiya Fumihiko , Ousaka Naoki , Itami Kenichiro , Yashima Eiji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptically active left (M)‐ and right (P)‐handed helical syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate)s (M‐ and P‐st‐PMMAs) with a helicity memory enantioselectively encapsulated the racemic C60 derivatives, such as 3,4‐fulleroproline tert‐butyl ester (rac‐1) and tetraallylated C60 (rac‐2), as well as the C60‐bound racemic 310‐helical peptides (rac‐3) within their helical cavities to form peapod‐like inclusion complexes and a unique “helix‐in‐helix” superstructure, respectively. The enantiomeric excess (ee) and separation factor (enantioselectivity) (α) of the analyte 1 (ee = 23%–25% and α = 2.35–2.50) encapsulated within the helical cavities of the M‐ and P‐st‐PMMAs were higher than those of the analytes 2 and 3 (ee = 4.3%–6.0% and α = 1.28–1.50). The optically pure (S)‐ and (R)‐1 were found to more efficiently induce an excess one‐handed helical conformation in the st‐PMMA backbone than the optically pure (S)‐ and (R)‐1‐phenylethylamine, resulting in intense mirror‐image vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra in the PMMA IR regions. The excess one‐handed helices induced in the st‐PMMAs complexed with (S)‐ and (R)‐1 were memorized after replacement with the achiral C60, and the complexes exhibited induced electric CDs in the achiral C60 chromophore regions.
Joint optimal beam forming and resource allocation in intelligent reflecting surface aided wireless power transfer rate splitting multiple access system
Authors: Naresh M. , Pradeep Kumar G. V. , Sireesha V. , Satyanarayana Tallapragada V. V. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently become the most promising technology to achieve maximum beam‐forming gain with a simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) system. Many existing studies perform a single IRS deployment or utilize space division multiple access (SDMA) and non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) schemes. However, the existing schemes face high time complexity and block signal transmission for larger indoor communications. Hence, this article introduces a dual IRS‐aided multiuser SWIPT system by implementing rate‐splitting multiple access (RSMA) systems. To enhance the minimum achievable rate and ensure the minimum harvesting energy (HE), this study proposes a joint successive convex approximation with an integrated optimization algorithm (SCA‐IOA). The proposed algorithm jointly optimizes the reflecting beam forming and power splitting (PS) coefficient of all the users effectively. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed techniques and produce an outstanding performance for deploying dual IRS and implementing RSMA compared to traditional SDMA and NOMA systems.
Investigation of the Structural, Mechanical, Electronic, Magnetic, and Thermoelectric Properties of Half Heusler Alloys ZrMnX (X = As, Sb, Te): A DFT‐Based Simulation
Authors: Karimullah Thamanna Begum , D Shobana Priyanka , M Srinivasan , N Punithavelan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the structural, mechanical, electronic, magnetic, and thermoelectric properties of ZrMnX (X = As, Sb, Te) half Heusler alloys using spin‐polarized density functional theory (SPDFT) with WIEN2K code using full potential linearized augmented plane wave(FP‐ LAPW) technique. Results indicate the ferromagnetic phase’s stability over the non‐magnetic phase in all three alloys. Band structures and density of states highlight the half‐metallic nature of ZrMnX. These alloys exhibit mechanical stability, ductility, and directional properties. Magnetic moments align with the Slater–Pauling rule. Thermoelectric properties, including Seebeck coefficient, electrical and thermal conductivity, and thermoelectric figure of merit, are evaluated using semi‐classical Boltzmann theory. The Seebeck coefficient values for ZrMnX (X = As, Sb, Te) are 144.7, 123.3, and −182.6 µV K−1, respectively at 1200 K with corresponding highest figure of merit 1.0, 0.7, and 1.78. These findings suggest the suitability of these alloys for spintronic devices and high‐temperature thermoelectric applications due to their observed spin‐polarized character and high figure of merit.
Influence of tree cover on carcass detection and consumption by facultative vertebrate scavengers
Authors: Wenting Elke , Jansen Patrick A. , Pattipeilohy Luke , van Lunteren Peter , Siepel Henk , van Langevelde Frank 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScavenging mammals and vultures can exploit and deplete carcasses much faster than other birds and invertebrates. Vultures are strongly influenced by habitat type, e.g. tree cover, since they rely on their eyesight to detect carcasses. It remains unclear whether and how facultative scavengers – both other birds and mammals – are influenced by tree cover and how that affect carcass decomposition time, which in turn affects biodiversity and ecological processes, including the cycle of energy and nutrients. We studied whether the carcass detection and consumption, hence carcass decomposition speed, by facultative avian and mammalian scavengers varies with tree cover in areas without vultures. Fresh mammal carcasses were placed in different landscapes across the Netherlands at locations that widely varied in tree cover. Camera traps were used to record carcass exploitation by facultative avian and mammalian scavengers and to estimate carcass decomposition time. We found that carcass detection and consumption by birds, wild boar, and other mammals varied between locations. Carcass decomposition speed indeed increased with carcass detection and exploitation by mammals, especially by wild boar. However, this variation was not related to tree cover. We conclude that tree cover is not a major determinant of carcass exploitation by facultative scavengers in areas without obligate scavengers and large carnivores.
Verified hypotheses on the “nurse” and “burial” effects on introduced Quercus rubra regeneration in a mesic Scots pine forest
Authors: Woziwoda Beata , Dyderski Marcin K. , Gręda Anastazja , Frelich Lee E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA previous study on the encroachment of North American northern red oak Quercus rubra L. into the mesic Scots pine forest (in central Poland) revealed high abundances of seedlings and saplings under shrubs, with lower abundances in open areas or clumps of bilberry Vaccinium myrtillus L. It was unclear whether the regeneration success of Q. rubra is enhanced by the presence of shrubs due to their “nurse effect”, and how burying acorns of different sizes in soil or moss affects the survival of oak seeds and seedlings (a “burial effect”). Results of a previous observational study were verified in an experimental study: a pool of 900 large‐, medium‐, and small‐sized acorns was sown under moss cover in open areas and within bilberry clumps and in soil under shrubs in 2018 and monitored for 3 years in natural conditions. The majority of sown acorns were lost, mainly due to acorn pilferage, lack of germination and the death of sprouting acorns. However, acorn and seedling survival depended significantly on acorn size and differed among the microsites studied. Viable seedlings were twice as likely to develop from large‐ and medium‐sized as from small‐sized acorns, and they grew mainly from acorns sown under moss cover, confirming a positive “burial effect.” Seedling survival was three times higher in bilberry and open areas, than under shrubs; however, seedlings “nursed” by shrubs were less threatened by large ungulates. Only a small part of the pool of sown acorns contributes to the reproductive success of Q. rubra in the mesic Scots pine forest. Microsites characteristic to this type of forest are suitable for northern red oak regeneration; however, bilberry favors acorn survival and germination and early seedling growth, moss cover favors acorn survival and germination, while shrubs protect surviving seedlings from herbivory.