bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOLOGICAL DETERMINATION OF PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN THE URINE OF FERTILE AND POST-MENOPAUSAL WOMEN AND ADULT MEN
Authors: Wide Leif , Gemzell Carl 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An immunological method to assay human pituitary luteinizing hormone (HPLH) in urine is described. It is based on the fact that HPLH crossreacts with human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in an haemagglutination inhibition reaction between HCG-coated blood cells and rabbit HCG-antisera.
During the menstrual cycle the excretion of HPLH reached a peak of 200–400 U per liter at the time of ovulation.
In the urine of post-menopausal women the concentration of HPLH was between 100 and 400 U per liter.
In the urine of adult men the concentration of HPLH was between 50 and 160 U per liter.
EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM ADMINISTRATION OF LARGE DOSES OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM IN ADULT, NON-DIABETIC, HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED WOMEN; STUDIES WITH 14C-LABELLED GLUCOSE
Authors: Ikkos Denis , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five adult, non-diabetic, hypophysectomized women were given human growth hormone (HGH) in doses of 10–20 mg/d for 2–3 days (total dose 30–60 mg). HGH induced nitrogen retention as well as fasting – and excessive postprandial – hyperglycaemia and glycosuria. These changes disappeared when HGH-treatment was stopped. The findings were interpreted as demonstrating that the development of »idiohypophyseal« diabetes mellitus in human subjects is possible.
Studies with 14C-labelled glucose in these subjects showed that the turnover rate of glucose was decreased by HGH, and that the absolute values for peripheral disposal of glucose were unchanged in three patients, decreased in one and transitorily decreased in the fifth. Since the blood glucose level increased during HGH, the results of the 14C-glucose studies were taken as evidence that peripheral glucose metabolism is depressed by HGH in man.
EFFECT OF TESTOSTERONEPHENYLPROPIONATE AND 19-NORTESTOSTERONEPHENYLPROPIONATE ON THE SEMINAL VESICLES, THE LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE AND THE MAMMARY GLANDS OF CASTRATED MALE RATS
Authors: Ahrén K. , Arvill A. , Hjalmarson Å. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of the seminal vesicles, the levator ani muscle and the mammary glands to testosteronephenylpropionate (TPP) and 19-nortestosteronephenylpropionate (19-norTPP) was studied in castrated male rats. The development of these structures was compared with that found in male rats with intact testes. The main results were as follows:
1) Daily injections of 0.01 mg of TPP produced slight weight increase in the seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle and stimulated a slight but obvious lobule-alveolar development in the mammary glands. The same dose of 19-norTPP produced only a minimal weight increase in the seminal vesicles but produced an obvious development of the levator ani muscle and the mammary glands. 2) Daily injections of 0.05 mg of TPP caused a marked weight increase in the seminal vesicles and levator ani muscle and produced a marked lobule-alveolar development in the mammary glands. The same dose of 19-norTPP produced only a slight weight increase in the seminal vesicles but brought about a marked development of the levator ani muscle and the mammary glands. 3) Daily injections of 0.5 mg of 19-norTPP caused a marked development of the seminal vesicles comparable to that found in rats with intact testes. The levator ani muscle and the mammary glands after this treatment were, however, much more stimulated than in rats with intact testes.
These results indicate 1) that the ratio between the effects of these compounds on the seminal vesicles and on the Ievator ani muscle depends on the dose-level and 2) that the development of the mammary glands is correlated more to the growth of the Ievator ani muscle than to the development of the seminal vesicles.
CHANGES IN ACID SOLUBLE NUCLEOTIDES IN THE RABBIT VAGINA IN RELATION TO DURATION OF OESTROGEN TREATMENT
Authors: Bengtsson Lars Ph. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By means of ion-exchange chromatography acid soluble nucleotides have been determined in the rabbit vagina in different hormonal conditions: i. e. normal mature rabbits, untreated castrated rabbits, and castrated rabbits treated with oestradiol for different periods of time (4–8 hours, 14–24 hours, 38–48 hours, 7–11 days, 18–28 days), as well as castrated rabbits, treated with oestradiol + progesterone. Castration results in a marked decrease in the NAD, ATP and uridine nucleotide-fractions and inorganic phosphorus but an increase in the AMP-fraction. As early as 4–8 hours after oestrogen treatment the nucleotides begin to return towards normal. Before 48 hours a normal nucleotide content (related to the amount of nitrogen) is obtained. The maximum oestrogen effect on acid soluble nucleotides is obtained after 7–11 days of oestrogen treatment. After oestrogen stimulation a marked and early increase is observed of NAD- and uridine nucleotide-fractions, a somewhat smaller increase in ATP- and ADP-fractions and an insignificant increase in AMP-fraction. The results indicate that castration induces dephosphorylation of ATP whereas oestrogen stimulation induces phosphorylation of AMP to ATP. The significance of these results is discussed.
PROLONGED VAGINAL OESTRUS AND THE NORMAL OESTROUS CYCLE IN THE RAT
Authors: Van Rees G. P. , Van der Werff ten Bosch J. J. , Wolthuis O. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Morphological data are reported of 69 rats with prolonged vaginal oestrus following the placement of a basal lesion in the anterior hypothalamus, and of 137 rats with regular cycles which were grouped according to the stage of the vaginal smear cycle (early dioestrus, late dioestrus, pro-oestrus, oestrus). The groups of rats with regular cycles comprised 99 intact rats and 38 rats with hypothalamic lesions.
Pituitary and uterine weights fluctuate during the cycle, with highest values at pro-oestrus and oestrus. In rats with prolonged vaginal oestrus, the weight of the uterus equals that of regularly cycling rats in oestrus, whilst the weight of the pituitary gland markedly exceeds the highest value found during the normal cycle.
Some of the implications of these findings are discussed. Subsequent papers will contain data on pituitary and serum contents of ICSH and FSH in the various groups of control rats and in rats with prolonged vaginal oestrus.
BIOSYNTHESIS OF C19 STEROIDS FROM 4-14C-CHOLESTEROL AND 7-3H-PREGNENOLONE IN VIVO: CONSIDERATION OF NEW PATHWAYS
Authors: Burstein Shlomo , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
3H and 14C specific activities of dehydroepiandrosterone, androsterone, 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstan-17-one and 3α-hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene (without dilution) have been determined following a single intravenous injection of 4-14C-cholesterol and 7α-3H-pregnenolone to a virilized woman with an adrenal adenoma and massive dehydroepiandrosterone excretion.
Assuming a one compartment model, or a two compartment model in which the injected radioactivity enters the compartment in which the precursor is secreted exclusively, a new pathway by which dehydroepiandrosterone is formed from cholesterol not through pregnenolone and possibly by cleavage of the side chain C-17 and C-20 is indicated.
Analysis of the data by a model in which pregnenolone is secreted into two separate compartments in which progesterone and dehydroepiandrosterone are made, respectively, would explain the findings without necessitating the assumption of a new pathway.
3α-Hydroxy-5α-androst-16-ene was isolated from urine following incubation with β-glucuronidase and partition chromatography on celite suggesting that this steroid is a genuine natural product as surmised by Prelog & Ruzicka (1944) and Brooksbank & Haslewood (1950).
2-14C-Mevalonate was shown to give rise to C19 steroids which is the first in vivo demonstration that mevalonic acid is a precursor of the steroid nucleus in man.
COMPARAISON DU SPECTRE D'ACTIVITÉ DE CERTAINS GESTAGÈNES DE SYNTHÈSE
Authors: Desaulles P. A. , Krähenbühl Ch. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The progestational, androgenic, myotrophic, and gonadotrophin-inhibiting activities of C21, C19, and C18 steroids have been correlated:
In the C21 steroid group, progestativomimetic action varies from 0.1 × progesterone (P) in the case of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (HP) to 3 × P in the case of 17α-acetoxyprogesterone (AP); it is particularly high (15 × P) with 6α-methyl-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (MAP). These two acetoxyprogesterones are orally active, their activity being respectively 3 and 50 × that of 17α-ethinyltestosterone (ET). MAP is highly active in maintaining gestation, i. e. 42× P in the rat, and 25 × P in the rabbit. The androgenic effects of these steroids are confined to certain structures only. Only MAP displays marked myotrophic activity. Gonadotrophin-inhibiting activity which is low for P, increases for HP and AP and is greatest in the case of MAP, which in this respect is about 5 × more active than testosterone (T).
In the C19 steroid group, progestativomimetic action, which is weak with T (0.01 × P), is somewhat higher with 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) and even higher with ET (0.3 × P). This progression also holds good for oral activity as well as for maintenance of gestation. The low incidence of side effects with ET is worth noting.
Common to the C18 steroids is their very high oral progestativomimetic activity: 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) = 4 × ET; 17α-ethinyl-19-nortestosterone (ENT) = 3 × ET; 17α-methyl-△5–10-19-nortestosterone = 1.5 × ET; and 17α-allylestren-3-17β-ol (allylestrenol) = no less than 16 × ET. Their gestation-maintaining properties are weak with the exception of MNT (1 × P). All substances of this group, apart from allylestrenol, are more potent inhibitors of gonadotrophic function than testosterone.
URINARY EXCRETION OF ADRENAL HORMONES IN GONADAL DYSGENESIS AND ITS RESPONSE TO CORTICOTROPHIN AND GONADOTROPHIN STIMULATION
Authors: Batrinos M. L. , de Fossey B. Mathieu , Aubert P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The functional capacity of the adrenals was studied in eight adult patients with gonadal dysgenesis, ranging in age from 16–42 years, by measuring the 24-hour urinary excretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) and of 17-ketosteroids (17-KS) with the patient at rest and also by estimating its response to stimulation with corticotrophin and chorionic gonadotrophin.
In six patients the clinical diagnosis of the syndrome was confirmed by laparotomy, when no gonads were found in five patients and a white fibrous band replacing the gonads was found in the other. The remaining two patients of the series both had male sex-chromatin.
The resting excretion of both 17-OHCS and 17-KS was within normal limits in all eight patients.
After corticotrophin stimulation (25 IU infused over 8 hours) an increased 17-OHCS excretion was found in all patients but the increase was less constant for the 17-KS. These results are identical with those expected from normal subjects and were considered to indicate a normal adrenal secretory capacity in the present cases.
Stimulation by chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG test) was performed in four patients using various doses of the hormone, namely 1500 IU for 5 days, 5000 IU for 2 or 5 days, or 10 000 IU for 2 days. Three of these patients had no gonads and the fourth had male sex-chromatin. The HCG test failed to elicit an increased excretion of either 17-OHCS or 17-KS in these patients. This absence of response is regarded as evidence that HCG does not stimulate adrenal tissue to secrete the precursors of these hormones.
The findings of the present study are discussed in the light of previous publications.
OSTEITIS FIBROSA INDUCED BY CALCIPHYLAXIS IN THE ABSENCE OF THE PARATHYROIDS
Authors: Selye Hans , Gentile Giovanni 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following a brief description of calciphylaxis, its influence upon the skeleton of the rat is described. After sensitization with dihydrotachysterol (DHT) challenge by subcutaneously administered ferric dextran (Fe-Dex) or egg white produces extensive topical calcium deposits and severe osteitis fibrosa. At a later stage this is followed by an excessive osteogenesis. All these reactions can proceed in the absence of the parathyroids.
STUDIES OF THYROID HORMONE SYNTHESIS IN EXPERIMENTAL AUTOIMMUNE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Hung W. , Chandler R. W. , Kyle M. A. , Blizzard R. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid hormone synthesis in rabbits with experimentally induced thyroiditis is compared with hormone synthesis in normal rabbits and in immunized rabbits receiving thyroid stimulating hormone. The immunized rabbits showed decreased thyroidal accumulation rates for 131I. T. S. H. administration produced an increase in the accumulation rate of immunized animals, but this increase was smaller than that obtained in normal rabbits stimulated with T. S. H. None of the rabbits' thyroids discharged iodide with the administration of potassium thiocyanate.
Twenty-four and 48 hours after 131I was administered, chromatography was performed on digested extracts of the thyroid glands. In the digested extracts of thyroids removed from normal rabbits the mono:diiodotyrosine ratio was greater than 1.0 whereas the extracts of thyroids removed from immunized rabbits and normal rabbits stimulated with T. S. H. consistently had a ratio of less than 1.0.
Thyroxine was not always present in the thyroids of normal rabbits but was consistently found in the thyroids of the immunized and T. S. H. treated animals. These findings suggest that the remaining thyroid cells in the glands of immunized rabbits are operating under increased T. S. H. stimulation.
The experimental thyroiditis of immunized rabbits was similar to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in respect to histological alteration and the presence of anti-thyroid antibodies. 131I accumulation rates, response to potassium thiocyanate, and chromatography studies revealed no correlation between the two groups.
PLASMA COAGULATION FACTORS IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Ikkala Eero , Eisalo Antti , Heinivaara Olli 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A coagulation factor analysis was performed in 50 thyrotoxic and 22 control patients. The results showed a distinct fall in 4 different coagulation factors, viz., prothrombin and factors VII, IX and X in the thyrotoxic group. No changes were observed in the other coagulation factors and no correlation was found between the coagulation disturbances and the severity or duration of the disease.
ERFOLGREICHE BEHANDLUNG EINES FALLES VON CUSHING-SYNDROM MIT o,p-DDD
Authors: Geyer Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
o,p-DDD was tried as an adrenal inhibitor in a patient with Cushing's syndrome due to non-tumorous adrenal hyperfunction. Administration of a total dose of 382 grams of o,p-DDD during a period of 105 days resulted in a complete remission of the previously existing symptoms of hypercorticism. The elevated excretion of urinary steroids decreased to normal during the course of o,p-DDD administration. Symptoms of hypoadrenalism did not develop during the four months of treatment. Remission in that patient is being maintained by intermittent administration of o,p-DDD Though liver function tests remained normal throughout the course of treatment marked fatty changes of the liver were dedected in material obtained by needle biopsy. As a further symptom of toxicity of o,p-DDD anorexia was observed.
THE EFFECT OF ALLOXAN ON THE ADRENAL CORTICAL SECRETION
Authors: Hoet J. J. , Saba G. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of alloxan induces a hyperglycaemic response of similar intensity in male, non pregnant and pregnant rats.
Alloxan increases the corticosteroid levels in the plasma of males and non pregnant females, but does not increase the already high basal corticosterone levels in pregnant rats.
Additional data show that in pregnancy fluorocortisol treatment influences the hypophyseal-adrenal axis. In this connection the function of the hypophysis and the adrenals in pregnancy is discussed.
THE ROLE OF CORTICOTROPHIN AND OF STRESS IN THE BIPHASIC CHANGES IN FASCICULAR NUCLEOLAR SIZE IN THE RAT ADRENAL
Authors: Miller Richard A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Nucleolar and nuclear sizes were measured in the fascicular zone of the adrenals 1 to 13 hours after injecting corticotrophin, morphine, and unilateral adrenalectomy, alone and in combination in rats.
One hour after injecting corticotrophin into intact rats nucleoli enlarged and then regressed briefly, only to begin a second hypertrophy extending up to 13 hours after injection. This biphasic hypertrophy occurred with different corticotrophins prepared in water, oil, or gelatine. The initial hypertrophy appeared to be a direct response to stress, not mediated by the hypophysis since it occurred in hypophysectomized rats subjected only to unilateral adrenalectomy under ether. Hypertrophy was blocked by morphine and when nembutal was substituted for ether. The late hypertrophy (4 to 13 hours) was pituitary dependent and did not occur unless hypophysectomized rats received corticotrophin.
The nucleolar hypertrophy which occurred 1 hour after corticotrophin and unilateral adrenalectomy of hypophysectomized rats was less than that of hypophysectomized, unilaterally adrenalectomized controls. Moreover, when the stress response was blocked by morphine, corticotrophin caused nucleolar atrophy 1 hour later. It was concluded that the initial effect of corticotrophin is to decrease nucleolar size, but this decrease is masked usually by the hypertrophic response to stress and only becomes apparent when the stress-hypertrophy is blocked by morphine.
Nuclear changes in size generally paralleled nucleolar changes. However, it was not necessary to block the stress-hypertrophy with morphine to demonstrate the initial atrophic action of corticotrophin on the nucleus. Thus, the biphasic nucleolar response to corticotrophin in intact rats appears to be the result of an interaction of stress and corticotrophin.
URINARY OESTRIOL EXCRETION IN DIABETIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Frandsen V. Aasted , Pedersen Jørgen , Stakemann Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestriol has been investigated in 30 cases of diabetic pregnancy. The mean excretion was low, although most of the values found were within the range of excretion in normal pregnancies. No correlation was found between the severity of the diabetes and the amounts of excretion oestriol.
ÜBER DEN EINFLUSS VON OESTRADIOL AUF DIE RESTITUTIONSPHASE DER NEBENNIERENRINDE NACH LANGFRISTIGER CORTISONVORBEHANDLUNG
Authors: Herrmann M. , Winkler G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male guinea pigs were simultaneously treated with cortisone and oestradiol-dipropionate. Observations were made on the nuclear volumes of the cells of the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex, the urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids and the haemorrhagic necrosis after intoxication with diphtheria-toxin.
The comparatively long restitution phase of the adrenals following the long-term pretreatment with cortisone only may be considerably reduced by application of oestradioldipropionate, which is shown by the following results: the nuclear volumes of fasciculata cells of the adrenal cortex stay normal or show higher values after termination of the pretreatment. Haemorrhagic necrosis in the adrenal cortex after intoxication with diphtheria-toxin is observed on the 2nd day after long-term pretreatment with cortisone and oestradioldipropionate. In animals treated with cortisone only this tissue lesion is observed at first on the 8th day after termination of the pretreatment. The excretion of 17-hydroxycorticoids does not correspond with this accelerated reaction of the adrenal cortex.
THIOURACIL TREATMENT IN PREGNANCY AND LACTATION IN THE DOG
Authors: Arosenius K. E. , Derblom H. , Nylander G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The offspring of bitches treated with thiouracil during pregnancy and lactation were studied with regard to certain aspects of iodine metabolism and also to the morphological effect on the thyroid gland, as compared with controls of the same age and weight. At the age of six months, when the dogs were virtually fully grown, the thyroid gland still exhibited the effects of the thiouracil treatment of the mothers as manifested by an increased uptake of 131I, enlargement, and histological changes of a hyperplastic type. The significance of these deviations from normal iodine metabolism and morphology is discussed with particular reference to the dangers of thiouracil medication during pregnancy.
CAPILLARY PATTERN OF THE THYROID GLAND IN THE RAT IN FUNCTIONAL BLOCK
Authors: Arosenius K. E. , Nylander G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The capillary pattern of the thyroid gland was studied in the rat: one group had undergone hemithyroidectomy, one was treated with propyl thiouracil, and one subjected to both these experimental measures. Histological and microangiographic observations were compared with those in an intact control group. Epithelial hyperplasia and other morphological signs of activity were seen to a moderate extent in the hemithyroidectomized group, were marked in the rats treated with thiouracil, and most marked in the group subjected to both thiouracil medication and hemithyroidectomy. The appearances of the interfollicular capillaries showed no perceptible changes in the group subjected solely to hemithyroidectomy. Changes of the interfollicular capillaries were marked in all the animals treated with propyl thiouracil. In the group only treated with propyl thiouracil, the capillaries were dilated to sinusoid-like blood pools in limited segments between which the capillaries were of normal width. In the group subjected to both hemithyroidectomy and propyl thiouracil treatment the interfollicular capillaries were dilated throughout their course. The significance of these morphological and microangiographic observations is discussed.
OCCULT MALABSORPTION CAUSING OSTEITIS FIBROSA CYSTICA
Authors: Devlin J. G. , O'Donovan D. K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case is reported of intermittent hypercalcaemia, hypophosphataemia and severe skeletal rarefaction with cystic changes. An occult calcium malabsorption was found. Fat, triolein and iron absorption and radiological examinations were normal. There was gross intestinal mucosal atrophy. She was shown to be in a state of negative calcium balance and this was reversed by vitamin D. A gluten-free diet also improved calcium absorption. It is postulated that the patient had severe secondary hyperparathyroidism as the skeleton reverted to normal after six months of medical treatment.
ANDROGENIC ACTIVITY OF ANDROST-4-ENE-3β,17β-DIOL AND ANDROST-4-ENE-3α,17β-DIOL
Authors: Dorfman Ralph I. , Dorfman Adeline S. , Gut Marcel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When administered orally or by subcutaneous injection, androst-4-ene-3α,17α-diol and androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol were equal in androgenic potency to testosterone in the chick's comb test. When the steroids were applied directly to the comb, the 3β isomer was equal in activity to testosterone, however, the 3α isomer was less active and had a significantly different slope than that of testosterone. The dipropionate of androst-4-ene-3β,17β-diol was highly effective in stimulating the seminal vesicles of the mouse and was more efficient for prolonged stimulation of this tissue than testosterone propionate.