bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Putting motion into the image retrieval interface
Authors: Hastings S. K. , Lewis Elise , Rorissa Abebe , Schmidt Michael , Turner James 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWhen video, still and 3D images meet, how do we design a universal interface? This panel looks at current research in the imaging field focused on bridging the gap between image retrieval system designers and users. Creating interfaces that move with the format in heterogeneous databases is only part of the challenge.This panel brings together a wide range of research from the imaging field. It is important to monitor the progress of the imaging field since user expectation, technology and information needs are constantly changing. Current research, such as the research offered in this panel, will help the practitioners and system designers meet the information needs of all the stakeholders involved.
Annotation as process: A vital information seeking activity in historical geographic research
Authors: Ruvane Mary B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the role annotations played in evolving and growing the value of a research database in the framework of an historical geographer's information seeking process. The database was designed as a “note‐taking” tool for gathering historical evidence from primary source documents. The individual facts collected at first provided little utility to the researcher, indicative of Buckland's (1991) information‐as‐thing. As the process of collecting data began to amass a large body of material the geographer's information needs grew as new connections were made between the accumulating annotations.
Relevance criteria used by teachers in selecting oral history materials
Authors: Lawley Katy Newton , Soergel Dagobert , Huang Xiaoli 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFrom a user‐centered and task‐specific perspective on relevance, we studied the relevance criteria used by teachers ‐ an understudied but important group ‐ who were searching for materials to use in the classroom to support learning on a particular theme. We observed teachers planning lessons and searching an archive of videotaped Holocaust survivor testimonies; the archive was created by the Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation who interviewed 52,000 survivors and systematically cataloged the resulting testimonies. The teachers used a collaborative process to design lesson plans and search for appropriate testimony passages; they employed an array of relevance criteria that pertain specifically to teaching. The objectives implied in their criteria correspond to the teaching objectives described in lesson plans and teacher interviews, including connecting with students, representing diversity, and teaching tolerance. Our findings suggest user‐oriented design approaches that support retrieval of instructional materials and collaboration in line with the needs and knowledge of teachers.
Distance education: How are we doing, and how do we know?
Authors: Hastings Sam , Gregory Vicki , Montague Rae‐Anne , Lester June 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe directory of ALA‐accredited master's programs in library and information science indicates that almost half enable students to complete the degree either wholly or substantially online, and a similar (not necessarily overlapping) number offer courses in locations remote from the main campus. The IMLS‐funded Web‐based Information Science Education (WISE) consortium is gaining interest and new members. The question is no longer “should we do distance education?”, but “how are we doing, and can we do it better?” What do the data tell us about successes and failures? How have we undertaken to evaluate our distance education activities? Do we have comparative results? A group of panelists from institutions which have pioneered distance education in library and information science will address these issues.
Digital resources for dentistry database: A needs assessment
Authors: Paling Stephen , Miszkiewicz Melissa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis poster session will describe a current needs assessment at the University at Buffalo that is designed to determine how a collection of digitized dental slides can meet the needs of dental researchers and practitioners. The University's School of Dental Medicine houses several collections of dental slides that depict various pathological conditions of the mouth and maxillofacial region, as well images of various human tissue types. These collections present a rich set of possibilities for pedagogical and diagnostic use by members of the dental profession. Previous studies have not directly addressed the description, organization, and use of digitized dental images, and how those efforts can address the needs of dental professionals. This leaves a gap in the research that this needs assessment can begin to fill.
Toward information retrieval Web services for digital libraries
Authors: Fu Yueyu , Mostafa Javed , Ke Weimao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInformation retrieval (IR) functions serve a critical role in many information systems. There are many techniques and operations have been developed in IR that do not require radical changes or re‐implementation. The implemented IR algorithms can be distributed or their functions made available through the framework of web services. A key idea behind web services is that frequently used functions can be implemented once and offered to other application or software environments through programmatic interfaces. Web services in the IR domain have not been widely tested. Library of User‐Oriented Concepts for Access Services (LUCAS) offers IR functions such as term extraction, term clustering, and document classification as web services. It has successfully served other information systems such as the Biological Knowledge through Ontologies (BioKnOT) and the Extensible Networked Association‐based Bioinformatics Learning Environment (ENABLE) Knowledge Base. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of LUCAS to the ENALBE system.
Consolidating user relevance criteria: A meta‐ethnography of empirical studies
Authors: Bales Stephen , Wang Peiling 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to bring together empirical studies on user‐based relevance criteria and to provide a conceptual framework for the organization of factors affecting relevance judgments and information selection. Through systematic analysis applying a meta‐ethnographic approach we cluster compatible relevance criteria definitions and resolve semantic differences of the same named criteria with diverse definitions. The consolidated criteria are factored into four dimensions: situational factors pertaining to user's context, task, and cognitive and affective states, user criteria pertaining to users' perceptions and needs, document information elements (DIEs) pertaining to information attributes, and value judgments pertaining to what an information object means to the user). For further investigation, we propose a set of matrices to depict the relationships between dimensions as an effective tool for developing a better understanding of the relationship and interaction between users' relevance factors. These relationships can guide IR system design and improvements.
Searching the “deep” Web for medical information: Reflections from a healthcare information researcher
Authors: Heath Angela 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAs a researcher of medical equipment, my job is to provide informational support to engineers and architects who build healthcare facilities. Because the information requested is technical and specific, it is often times not available by performing searches on the World Wide Web. In order to perform the job and fulfill information requests, it is often necessary to search in deeper levels of the Web. This paper reflects upon the experiences and practices that I have developed which utilize traditional and current technologies.
Personal information management in the present and future perfect: Reports from a special NSF‐sponsored workshop
Authors: Jones William , Bruce Harry , Bates Marcia J. , Belkin Nicholas , Bergman Ofer , Marshall Cathy 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn an ideal of personal information management or PIM, people always have just the right information, in the right form and at the right place, to meet their current information needs. Panelists all participated in a special workshop sponsored by the National Science Foundation to consider the challenges of PIM that must be met in order to make significant progress towards this ideal. Panelists will discuss key challenges of and promising approaches to PIM. Approaches discussed involve not only high‐technology tools but also practical, teachable everyday techniques of PIM. Panelists will also discuss what it means to foster a research community for the field of PIM inquiry. Although panelists will use their experiences at the workshop as a starting point, discussion will freely range beyond the workshop to a general discussion of PIM. The panel is structured to maximize interaction among the panelists themselves and with the audience.
Chemistry of sulphur‐bound pyrrolic metabolites in the blood of rats given different types of pyrrolizidine alkaloid
Authors: Mattocks A. Robin , Jukes Rebekah 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRats were injected with the pyrrolizidine alkaloids heliotrine, indicine, or anacrotine, and killed after 20 hr. Alkaloid metabolites conjugated to haemoglobin thiol groups were recovered in the form of pyrrolic monoethyl ethers, by treating blood samples with ethanolic silver nitrate under “buffered” conditions. Chemically prepared putative toxic metabolites of the alkaloids—dehydroheliotrine, dehydroindicine, and dehydroanacrotine—were also allowed to react in vitro with blood and with an immobilized thiol, thiol‐Sepharose, and subsequently the S‐conjugated pyrroles were again recovered as ethyl ethers. The recovered pyrrolic ethers were identified by comparing them with reference compounds prepared from ethanol and the dehydro‐alkaloids, and the structures of the S‐bound pyrroles were deduced. Blood from rats given the 9‐monoester alkaloids heliotrine or indicine contained pyrrolic residues, S‐bound at their 9‐position. Anacrotine‐treated rats yielded two diastereomeric 7‐ethers, showing that dehydrocrotanecine 7‐conjugates had been present in the blood. The products from alkaloid‐treated rats were identical with those from blood or thiol‐Sepharose treated with the corresponding dehydro‐alkaloids in vitro. This supported the view that proximal metabolites leading to S‐binding in vivo were the dehydro‐derivatives of the alkaloids. In each case the thiols were attacked by the most reactive centre of the dehydro‐alkaloid: the 9‐ester in dehydroheliotrine and dehydroindicine, and the 7‐ester in dehydroanacrotine. Accordingly, simple chemical reactions could account for the products formed in vivo.The identification of S‐conjugated pyrrolic metabolites on haemoglobin provided evidence of the type of alkaloid ingested. This would have diagnostic value for pyrrolizidine poisoning of livestock or humans. Thus, 9‐monoesters of heliotridine or retronecine would lead to 9‐conjugates; 7,9‐diesters (such as monocrotaline) would give 7‐conjugates; and anacrotine exposure would be distinguishable by giving two isomeric 7‐conjugates.The demonstration of S‐bound pyrroles on haemoglobin in rats exposed to indicine for less than 15 min illustrated the rapidity with which reactive metabolites are liberated after pyrrolizidine alkaloid ingestion. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anti‐tumor activity of T‐2 toxin‐conjugated A7 monoclonal antibody (T‐2‐A7 MoAb) against human colon carcinoma
Authors: Kojima Shuji , Nakamura Namie , Ueno Yoshio , Yamaguchi Toshiharu , Takahashi Toshio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMonoclonal antibody A7 (A7 MoAb), from splenocytes of a mouse immunized against human colorectal carcinoma, was used as a T‐2 toxin (T‐2) carrier targeting colon cancer. T‐2 was converted to T‐2 hemiglutarate by glutaric anhydride treatment, and T‐2‐A7 MoAb conjugates containing up to 20 T‐2 per antibody molecule were obtained from the antibody and T‐2 hemiglutarate activated with N‐hydroxysuccini‐mide. The in vitro cytotoxicity against human colon cancer (LS174T) cells indicated that the conjugates were markedly less toxic than the toxin itself. The immunoreactivity was evaluated from the in vitro binding activity of A7 MoAb with LS174T cells, and from the in vivo localization in LS174T‐bearing nude mice; it remained essentially intact after conjugation with T‐2. The efficacy of the T‐2‐A7 MoAb conjugate was tested against LS174T‐bearing nude mice. The conjugate significantly suppressed the growth of the tumor in comparison with both phosphate‐buffered saline and free T‐2. These results suggest that the conjugate of T‐2 with A7 MoAb might be useful as a selective immunotoxin for cancer immunotherapy, with less serious side effects than T‐2. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ochratoxin a in plasma of norwegian swine determined by an HPLC column‐switching method
Authors: Langseth Wenche , Nymoen Ulf , Bergsjø Bjarne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA method well suited for screening large numbers of plasma samples for ochratoxin A is presented. Proteins were precipitated with methanol and the supernatant diluted with 0.01 M phosphoric acid before 1 ml extract was injected into a high‐performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). The extract was further cleaned up and pre‐concentrated on a polystyrene‐divinylbenzene precolumn. After column‐switching, the sample was chromatographed on a C18 analytical column, and ochratoxin A was detected with a fluorescence spectrophotometer, either directly or after postcolumn pH shift. The detection limit was 0.10 ng ochratoxin A/ml plasma. The method was used to determine the ochratoxin A concentration in 216 samples of swine plasma. They were collected from different herds in June 1991 from ten slaughterhouses, located in different parts of Norway. Eighty‐two percent of the samples contained ⩾0.10 ng ochratoxin A/ml plasma while 0.9% contained ⩾ 5.0 ng/ml. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chemical properties of the natural neurotoxin of Lathyrus sativus 3‐N‐oxalyl‐2,3‐diamino‐propanoic acid (β‐ODAP), its nontoxic 2‐N‐oxalyl isomer, and its hydrolysis product 2,3‐diamino‐propanoic acid (DAPRO) by 1H‐ and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy
Authors: De Bruyn André , Van Haver Dirk , Lambein Fernand , Abegaz Berhanu M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe 1H and 13C NMR data of DAPRO, α and β‐ODAP were measured at varying pH values and the physical relevance of these data was studied. As a potential way to detoxify the neurotoxin β‐ODAP, its isomerization was studied at room temperature and at 60°C. An unknown hydrolysate is identified as DAPRO. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of okadaic acid on the cytotoxic activity of Clostridium difficile toxin B and Clostridium sordellii toxin L
Authors: Baldacini Olivier , Lutun Philippe , Girardot Raymonde , Monteil Henri 
Published: October 2006

AbstractClostridium difficle toxin B and Clostridium sordellii toxin L, which are immunologically related toxins, possess a cytotoxic activity inducing depolymerization of microfilaments and cellular retraction of cell bodies that are different for toxin B‐ and toxin‐L‐treated cells. The biological mechanisms responsible for these effects are unknown, but a previous study revealed that both toxins induce modification of phosphorylation of cellular proteins extracted from toxin B‐ and toxin L‐treated cells without changes in protein kinase C activity or cAMP concentration. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of okadaic acid, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases, on the cytotoxic activity of toxins B and L in MacCoy cells. Firstly, we reveal by cytotoxic assay and staining of F‐actin that okadaic acid (1 μM or higher) induces depolymerization of microfilaments and cellular morphological modifications which are similar to that of cells treated with toxin L. Secondly, we show that 1 μM okadaic acid potentiates the cytotoxic activity of toxin L but not of toxin B. These observations suggest that the cytotoxic mechanisms induced by okadaic acid and toxin L treatment are partly common, indicating that an increase in phosphorylation favors the cytotoxicity of toxin L. Since okadaic acid had no influence on the cytotoxicity of toxin B, we suggest that toxin B and L, alter the cells by different cellular biological mechanisms. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, two antifungal α‐Pyrones From Fusarium semitectum
Authors: Evidente Antonio , Conti Luigi , Altomare Claudio , Bottalico Antonio , Sindona Giovanni , Segre Anna Laura , Logrieco Antonio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA strain of Fusarium semitectum Berk. & Rav. from maize stalk rot in southern Italy produced bioactive metabolites when cultured on autoclaved rice kernels at room temperature for 4 weeks. The organic extracts of fungal culture showed a strong antibiotic activity towards Geotrichum candidum in disk diffusion assays, but they were not toxic to Artemia salina larvae. Two antifungal metabolites were isolated and characterized by chemical and spectroscopic methods as two 3‐substituted‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐alkyl‐2‐pyrones, in particular, the 3‐(4‐deoxy‐β‐xylo‐hexopyranosyl)‐4‐hydroxy‐6‐[‐hydroxy‐7‐hydroxymethyl‐1,1,5,9,11‐pentamethyl‐3,5,8‐heptadecatrienyl]‐2H‐pyran‐2‐one and its 6‐[2‐hydroxy‐1,1,5,7,9,11‐hexamethyl] analog, which were named fusapyrone and deoxyfusapyrone, respectively. © 1994 wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacokinetic fate of 14C‐Labelled fumonisin B1 in Swine
Authors: Prelusky Dan B. , Trenholm H. Locksley , Savard Marc E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe pharmacokinetics of the mycotoxin fumonisn B1 (FB1) were investigated in pigs. Animals were administered 14C‐FB1 intravenously (IV; 0.25 μCi, 0.40 mg/kg) or intragastrically (IG;0.35 μCi, 0.50 mg/kg); separate groups of pigs undewent bile cannulation prior to dosing (groups IV/B and IG/B, respectively). Blood, urine, faeces, (and bile), were collected at specific time intervals over 72 gr, and assayed for specific activity. Following IV dosing, plasma concentration‐time profiles were triexponential, with the following mean values: t½ α, 2.2 min; t½ β, 10.5 min; t½ γ 182 min; apparent volume distribution (Vdγ), 2.4 1 kg−1; plasmaclearance, 9.1 ml min−1 kg−1. After 3 days, clearance of FB1‐derived radioactivity from the body had slowed to trace levels; total recoveries in urine and faeces were 21.2% and 58.3%, respectively. In bile‐interruped pigs (IV/B) the absence of the slow terminal elimination phase (γ) suggested FB1 underwent enterohepatic circulation. Biliary recovery was 70.8% of the IV‐dose. Radioactivity remaining in tissues after 72 hr amounted to 19.8% and 11.9% of the dose given to IV and IV/B pigs, respectively; highest activities were measured in liver and kidney equivalent to 1,076 and 486 ng FB1, and/or metabolites per g tissue, respectively. Based on plasma and excretion data, systemic bioavailability following IG dosing was estimated to be a very limited 3‐4%. Tissue residue levels following IG dosing were 10‐20‐fold less than IV dosing.
Occurrence of domoic acid in washington state razor clams (Siliqua patula) during 1991‐1993
Authors: Wekell John C. , Gauglitz Erich J. , Bamett Harold J. , Hatfield Christine L , Simons Doug , Ayres Daniel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe presence of domoic acid in aquatic species was reported for the first time in the United States in the late summer of 1991 in Monterey Bay, California. By October of 1991, domoic acid was found in razor clams (Siliqua patula) and in the viscera of Dunseness crab (Cancer magister) along the coasts of Washington and Oregon. In response to this outbreak, the National Marine Fisheries Service, in cooperation with the Washington State Department of Fisheries began analysis of Washington State razor clams for the period from November 1991 to June 1993. This survey indicated that domoic acid levels in the edible portion of the razor clams peaked in December of 1991 (average of all Washington state coastal sites: 106 ppm) and followed a slow decline to the present day low levels (<5 ppm). Sixteen months after the maximum level, domoic acid has not completely disappeared from the razor clams from the Washington State beaches. Unlike mussels (Mytilus edulis), where the toxin is found only in the viscera, domoic acid distributes itself throughout the various body parts of the razor clam. The highest concentration occurs in the foot or “disser” and the lowest in the siphon or “neck.” The concentration of domoic acid in the razor clam foot reached a high of 230 ppm. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Is the A‐ring lactone of brevetoxin PbTX‐3 required for sodium channel orphan receptor binding and activity?
Authors: Baden Daniel G. , Rein Kathleen S. , Gawley Robert E. , Jeglitsch Gerhard , Adams David J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBrevetoxin PbTx‐3 and non‐toxic derivative 4 were investisated for their abilities to bind to the specific brevetoxin receptor site on rat brain synaptosomes and to modulate the normal function of voltase‐sated sodium channels as determined by patch clampins of cultured neurons. Compounds 4 and 5 are produced from PbTx‐3 by opening of the A‐ring lactone to the saturated and unsaturated diols using sodium borohydride in ethanol. Natural PbTx‐3 exhibited tighter binding to rat brain synaptosomes by at least 3 orders of magnitude as determined by competitive radioligand binding experiments, and was also more effective at activating voltage‐gated channels. Patch clamping revealed the 3 orders of magnitude greater potency of PbTx‐3 toxin over 5, although each produced delayed sodium channel opening and a pronounced delay in inactivation. Conformational modeling of the Brevetoxin B backbone indicates that the two molecules are identical except for the region of the A‐Ring lactone. Thus, we conclude that the brevetoxin PbTx‐3 backbone requires electrophilic functionality in the region of the lactone in PbTx‐3, and that opening of the ring in 5 is sufficient to substantially reduce both binding and activity. copy; 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Kainic acid and 1′‐hydroxykainic acid from palmariales
Authors: Ramsey Una P. , Bird Carolyn J. , Shacklock Peter F. , Laycock Maurice V. , Wright Jeffrey L. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe distribution of kainic acid among various red algae was investigated. Analysis of free amino acids from different populations of Palmaria palmata showed that some were unable to accumulate kainic acid to detectable concentrations, whereas in two dwarf mutants it was a major component of the free amino acid composition. The amino acid profiles were also examined for unknown amino acids in the search for possible intermediates in kainic acid biosynthesis. The only unknown amino acid present in P. palmata extracts was isolated and identified by NMR spectroscopy as 1′‐hydroxykainic acid. This compound was found in all samples that contained kainic acid. To investigate the effect of growth conditions on kainic acid production different strains of P. palmata were grown at 5, 10, and 15°C with or without added nitrate. No effect on production was observed, suggesting that the growth conditions in these experiments do not affect the level of gene expression in the pathway of kainic acid biosynthesis. Furthermore, changing the growth conditions did not induce synthesis of kainic acid in the non‐producing strains of Palmariales. © 1994 wiley‐Liss, Inc.