bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zündung von Wasserstoff/Luftgemischen durch elektrische Entladungen bei hochfrequenter Wechselspannung
Authors: Lienesch F. , Homann S. , Markus D. , Spilling M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBrennbare Gas/Luftgemische lassen sich häufig in der chemischen und petrochemischen Industrie nicht ausschließen, so dass ein sicherer Betrieb solcher Industrieanlagen Explosionsschutzkonzepte erfordert, die in einigen Fällen mit wissenschaftlichen Methoden entwickelt werden müssen. Elektrische Entladungen stellen einen komplexen Zündmechanismus für brennbare Gas/Luftgemische dar und müssen beim Explosionsschutz elektrischer Geräte besonders berücksichtigt werden. Im Gegensatz zu Funkenentladungen ist die Zündung durch Vor‐ und Teilentladungen bei hochfrequenter Wechselspannung bislang wenig betrachtet worden. Ergebnisse hinsichtlich des Zündrisikos dieser Entladungsformen werden diskutiert.
Anfahrstrategien für die Reaktivrektifikation in Boden‐ und Packungskolonnen
Authors: Forner F. , Döker M. , Gmehling J. , Repke J.‐U. , Wozny G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDas komplexe Anfahrverhalten der Reaktivrektifikation in Boden‐ und Packungskolonnen wird am Beispiel der Methylacetatsynthese untersucht, um unproduktive Betriebszustände durch Minimierung der Anfahrzeit zu verkürzen. Hierzu wird ein dynamisches Simulationsmodell für den Anfahrvorgang ausgehend vom kalten und leeren Zustand entwickelt und experimentell validiert. In Simulationsstudien werden die Unterschiede im Anfahrverhalten von Boden‐ und Packungskolonnen gezeigt und auf die unterschiedliche Fluiddynamik zurückgeführt. Anfahrstrategien müssen somit unter Berücksichtigung der Kolonneneinbauten entwickelt werden.
Modifizierte Rayleigh‐Destillationsmethode zur schnellen Bestimmung atmosphärischer Verteilungsfaktoren von Aromastoffen
Authors: Hertel M. , Sommer K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVorgestellt wird eine neue und einfache Variante der Rayleigh‐Destillationsmethode. Mit diesem Verfahren ist es möglich, die Verteilungsfaktoren in unendlicher Verdünnung in Wasser von Aromakomponenten mit starker Absorption von UV‐Licht in kürzester Zeit zu ermitteln. Hierfür werden lediglich ein Photometer, eine präzise Waage sowie ein Rotationsverdampfer benötigt. Die Methode wird anhand eines Vergleiches gewonnener Werte mit Literaturdaten überprüft.
Charakterisierung poröser Strukturen für den Einsatz in explosionsgeschützten elektrischen Geräten
Authors: Mecke S. , Markus D. , Thedens M. , Engelmann F. , Hilliger A. , Klausmeyer U. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDie Messköpfe von Gasmessgeräten sind in den meisten Fällen potenzielle Zündquellen, die mit Hilfe einer normenkonformen konstruktiven Methode unwirksam gemacht werden müssen. Im untersuchten Anwendungsfall wird ein Sensor in ein kleines Gehäuse der Zündschutzart „Druckfeste Kapselung”︁ nach IEC/EN 60079‐1 eingebaut, welches einerseits explosionsdruckfest ist und andererseits eine ausreichende Gasdiffusion durch einen porösen metallischen Werkstoff zulässt. Es wird ein Messverfahren vorgestellt, das die Charakterisierung poröser Werkstoffe hinsichtlich ihrer flammenlöschenden Wirkung ermöglicht. Ziel des Verfahrens ist es, die Konstruktion druckfest gekapselter Gassensoren flexibler zu gestalten und eine sicherheitstechnisch validierte Basis für Produktinnovationen zu schaffen.
Thermische Inaktivierung von Mikroorganismen: Zur Modellierung temperaturabhängiger Prozesse
Authors: Bliem R. , Nowak Werner Georg 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObwohl Methoden zur Inaktivierung schädlicher Mikroorganismen durch Hitze sowohl bei der Behandlung von Lebensmitteln als auch im pharmazeutisch‐medizinischen Bereich seit langer Zeit erfolgreich angewendet werden, sind präzise mathematische Modellierungen derartiger Prozesse erst in neuester Zeit in Entwicklung begriffen. Dies gilt insbesondere für möglichst „schonende”︁ Verfahren, bei denen Temperaturen und zeitliche Einwirkung gering gehalten werden sollen (Pasteurisierung, Thermisierung). Hier spielt eine quantitative Kontrolle auch über die Phasen der Erwärmung und Abkühlung eine Rolle. Beschrieben wird ein solches hinreichend flexibles Modell für derartige nicht‐isotherme Inaktivierungsvorgänge. Es wird ein expliziter Algorithmus angegeben, der vom Anwender mittels Microsoft Excel™ implementiert werden kann.
Untersuchungen zur Pneumatik von Strahlschichtapparaten mit schlitzförmigem Gaseintritt
Authors: Gryczka O. , Heinrich S. , Miteva V. , Mörl L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractStrahlschichtapparate als Sonderfall von Wirbelschichtapparaten bieten effektive Möglichkeiten zur intensiven Kontaktierung von Fluid/Feststoffsystemen. Im Vergleich zu den Wirbelschichtapparaten haben die Strahlschichtapparate einige Vorteile. Für die Ermittlung der Wirksamkeit des Fluid/Feststoff‐Kontakts ist die Kenntnis der Fluid‐Verteilung in einer Strahlschicht sehr wichtig. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist die Untersuchung der Fluiddynamik von zwei Strahlschichtapparaten unterschiedlicher Größe mit schlitzförmigem Gaseintritt.
Increased cancer incidence after radioiodine treatment for hyperthyroidism
Authors: Metso Saara , Auvinen Anssi , Huhtala Heini , Salmi Jorma , Oksala Heikki , Jaatinen Pia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Concerns remain about risk of cancer after radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment for hyperthyroidism, especially in organs that concentrate iodine. The objective was to assess the long‐term cancer risk from RAI treatment for hyperthyroidism.METHODS.A total of 2793 hyperthyroid patients treated with RAI at Tampere University Hospital between 1965 and 2002, and 2793 age‐ and sex‐matched reference subjects were followed for an average of 10 years through the Finnish Cancer Registry.RESULTS.Cancer incidence among hyperthyroid patients treated with RAI was higher than in the population‐based control group (118.9 vs 94.9 per 10,000 person‐years, rate ratio [RR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–1.46). Furthermore, incidence of stomach (RR, 1.75, 95% CI: 1.00–3.14), kidney (RR, 2.32; 95% CI: 1.06–5.09), and breast (RR, 1.53; 95% CI: 1.07–2.19) cancer was increased among RAI‐treated patients. The relative risk of cancer increased with higher RAI dose administered. The increase in cancer incidence was statistically significant in patients treated at the age of 50–59 (RR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.05–1.97) or older than 70 years (RR, 1.39; 95% CI: 1.05–1.82). There was a 5‐year latent period after the RAI treatment before the cancer incidence began to differ between the RAI‐treated hyperthyroid patients and the control group.CONCLUSIONS.Cancer incidence, especially cancer of the stomach, kidney, and breast, was higher in patients treated with RAI for hyperthyroidism. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Randomized controlled trial comparing a low‐fat diet with a weight‐reduction diet in breast cancer‐related lymphedema
Authors: Shaw Clare , Mortimer Peter , Judd Patricia A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Obesity is considered a risk factor for lymphedema of the arm resulting from breast cancer treatment (BCRL) as well as a poor prognostic factor in response to lymphedema treatment. The aim of the study was to compare the effect of 2 dietary interventions on excess arm volume in BCRL.METHODS.A total of 64 women with BCRL were randomized to 1 of 3 groups for 24 weeks: 1) weight reduction through reduced energy intake; 2) low‐fat diet with no change in energy intake (isoenergetic); 3) control group with no dietary change from habitual intake.RESULTS.The primary outcome measure was arm volume at 24 weeks. Results showed significant reductions in body weight (P = .006), body mass index (P = .008), and skinfold thickness measured at 4 sites (P = .044) in the weight‐reduction and low‐fat groups compared with controls. A slightly greater, but not significant (P = .605), fall in excess arm volume occurred in the dietary groups but a significant correlation between weight loss (irrespective of group) and a reduction in excess arm volume (r: 0.423; P = .002) was demonstrated.CONCLUSIONS.Weight loss, whether through reduced energy intake or low‐fat diet, appears to be helpful in the treatment of breast cancer‐related lymphedema. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Finite‐element models for flexible unidimensional structures with unilateral constraints
Authors: dos Santos Antônio J. B. , Guerreiro João N. C. , Loula Abimael F. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe present computational models for unidimensional flexible structures subjected to equality or inequality constraints. The first model, in small displacements and small deformations regime, is applied to the simulation of the behaviour of straight structures completely or partially confined and under the action of instabilizing forces coming, for example, from thermal variations. The second model, in finite displacements and small deformations regime, may have large applications in the analyses of risers and umbilicals used in oil production fields. It is derived aggregating elastic supports and unilateral constraints to the model presented by Glowinski and Fortin (Augmented Lagrangian Methods: Application to the Numerical Solution of Boudary‐Value Problems, vol. 15. 1991) to the analyses of inextensible flexible
unidimensional structures. This model is formulated using an Augmented Lagrangian Method and is solved by an Uzawa‐type algorithm with projection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The strategic style in mediation
Authors: Kressel Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article describes the strategic style approach to the mediation role. The hallmark of the approach is the mediator's attempt to address the underlying dysfunction that is fueling the conflict. Versions of the strategic style are illustrated in divorce mediation in a family court, the mediation of conflict among scientists at the National Institutes of Health, and the mediation of health care conflicts in a university teaching hospital. Despite this evidence, the strategic style is infrequently discussed in the practitioner literature and largely undocumented by researchers. Possible reasons for the low visibility of the strategic style are discussed, including the dominance of the alternative dispute resolution field by disciplines lacking developed notions of latent causes of conflict, the strong normative pressures on mediators to espouse the role of nondirective neutrals, the tendency of experts to lose conscious awareness of their schemas of practice, and the close ties between the strategic style and local conditions that may not be widely distributed in the universe of mediation practice.
Indian residential school survivors and state‐designed ADR: A strategy for co‐optation?
Authors: Funk‐Unrau Neil , Snyder Anna 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe history of the Indian residential school system, which began officially in Canada in 1879, is marked by the persistent neglect and abuse of children and, as a result, of Aboriginal communities in general. The residential schools were an attempt to undermine the existence of Aboriginal communities and families. The federal government wanted Aboriginal people to assimilate into Canadian society. According to Duncan Campbell Scott, the principal architect of Indian residential school policy, “Our objective is to continue until there is not a single Indian in Canada that has not been absorbed into the body politic, and there is no Indian question and no Indian Department. … I want to get rid of the Indian problem” (Titley, 1986, p. 50). In many communities, every child between the age of five and eighteen was taken from his or her family and put in residential schools.
Affidavits in conflict culture: A discursive analysis of a custody and access case
Authors: Ney Tara , Blank Kim , Blank Acia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFramed by meta‐critical Foucauldian theories of knowledge, power, and discourse, but based on a close reading of excerpts from a single case study, we suggest that affidavits, as a technology in high‐conflict custody and access divorce cases, can contribute to or construct conflict they intend to resolve. Issues of agency are addressed by shifting attention away from thinking in terms of a conflict between individuals to concerns of a system or structure. This “place” for doing conflict is seen as a “conflict culture.”
Trace amines differentially regulate adult locomotor activity, cocaine sensitivity, and female fertility in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Hardie Shannon L. , Zhang Jing X. , Hirsh Jay 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe trace biogenic amines tyramine and octopamine are found in the nervous systems of animals ranging in complexity from nematodes to mammals. In insects such as Drosophila melanogaster, the trace amine octopamine is a well‐established neuromodulator that mediates a diverse range of physiological processes, but an independent role for tyramine is less clear. Tyramine is synthesized from tyrosine by the enzyme tyrosine decarboxylase (TDC). We previously reported the identification of two Tdc genes in Drosophila: the peripherally‐expressed Tdc1 and the neurally‐expressed Tdc2. To further clarify the neural functions of the trace amines in Drosophila, we examined normal and cocaine‐induced locomotor activity in flies that lack both neural tyramine and octopamine because of mutation in Tdc2 (Tdc2RO54). Tdc2RO54 flies have dramatically reduced basal locomotor activity levels and are hypersensitive to an initial dose of cocaine. Tdc2‐targeted expression of the constitutively active inward rectifying potassium channel Kir2.1 replicates these phenotypes, and Tdc2‐driven expression of Tdc1 rescues the phenotypes. However, flies that contain no measurable neural octopamine and an excess of tyramine due to a null mutation in the tyramine β‐hydroxylase gene (TβHnM18) exhibit normal locomotor activity and cocaine responses in spite of showing female sterility due to loss of octopamine. The ability of elevated levels of neural tyramine in TβHnM18 flies to supplant the role of octopamine in adult locomotor and cocaine‐induced behaviors, but not in functions related to female fertility, indicates mechanistic differences in the roles of trace amines in these processes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2007
Transmit phase control to increase the minimum eigenvalue of the channel correlation matrix in the ETD system
Authors: Shimura Ryuichiro , Sasase Iwao 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFor conditions under which the channel conditions between the transmitting and receiving antennas are known on the transmitter side when TDD (Time Division Duplex) is used in the MIMO (Multi‐Input Multi‐Output) method, much attention has been devoted to E‐SDM (Eigenbeam Space Division Multiplexing), in which the influence of CCI (Co‐Channel Interference) is eliminated by making the different transmission signal sequences orthogonal in space by means of the eigenvectors of the channel matrix used as the transmission and reception weights. However, in such a system as E‐SDM, in which eigenvectors of the channel matrix are used, more than two antennas are needed on the receiving side in order to perform eigenvalue decomposition of the channel matrix. In this paper, in order to realize a system using the eigenvectors as the transmission and reception weights even in a system with two transmitting antennas and one receiving antenna under TDD, the ETD (Eigenbeam Transmit Diversity) system is proposed. In this system, the concept of frequency diversity is applied, in which identical signals are transmitted on two subcarriers on one transmitting antenna, so that a MIMO system is virtually realized with subcarriers of the OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) in place of receiving antennas in the row direction of the channel matrix. In the ETD system, the minimum eigenvalue of the channel matrix can be made larger by adaptively interchanging the signals among antennas and by transmission phase control. Hence, the BER characteristics of the signal sequence by which the minimum eigenvalue is multiplied can be improved. The characteristics are evaluated by computer simulations. It is shown that the proposed system is superior in terms of BER characteristics to the transmission diversity system in which transmission phase control is carried out among the antennas. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(7): 38–51, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20342
Stress dependence of transmission frequency of a fiber Fabry‐Perot etalon buried in a fiber ferrule
Authors: Tateda Mitsuhiro , Komaki Kento , Yamaguchi Yuki 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe transmission characteristics of a fiber Fabry‐Perot etalon formed by mirror‐finishing both ends of an optical fiber are dependent on the external stress applied. A theoretical study and an experimental confirmation of a fiber Fabry‐Perot etalon with a ferrule diameter of 2.5 mm and a resonator length of 4 mm are carried out to investigate variations of the transmission frequencies as a function of the stress. It is confirmed that there is a proportional relationship of 1.5 GHz/N and −0.1 GHz/N in the transmission frequency variations versus the stress in the axial and radial directions. Arbitrary transmission frequencies within FSR can be obtained by adjustment of the stress at values less than 17 N, so that the fiber Fabry‐Perot etalon can be used as a tunable optical frequency filter. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(7): 1– 8, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20386
Development of high‐temperature superconducting SQUID system for magnetocardiography
Authors: Tsukamoto Akira , Suzuki Daisuke , Yokosawa Koichi , Kandori Akihiko , Seki Yusuke , Ogata Kuniomi , Miyashita Tsuyoshi , Saitoh Kazuo , Tsukada Keiji 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs a new clinical examination apparatus for cardiac diseases, attention is focused on the magnetocardiograph, which can represent electrophysiological phenomena of the heart noninvasively as graphical information. We have been developing a compact and portable high‐temperature superconducting magnetocardiograph based on our technology for magnetocardiographs using low‐temperature superconductors. Since a high‐temperature superconducting magnetocardiograph can work with liquid nitrogen cooling, it allows miniaturization and lower running costs. Hence, it is expected to help popularize magnetocardiographs by its use in smaller hospitals and in group medical examinations in the field. In this paper, we introduce the prototype high‐temperature superconducting magnetocardiographs we have made, and report the fabrication technology for a highly sensitive high‐temperature SQUID and the technology for external noise shielding and compensation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(4): 46– 55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20273
Reliability of 0.18 µm gate GaAs‐MESFETs fabricated by i‐line lithography process
Authors: Tosaka Yasuhiro , Watanabe Masataka , Fukushi Daiji , Yano Hiroshi , Nakajima Shigeru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 0.18‐µm GaAs‐MESFET fabrication process with low cost and high uniformity was established by means of i‐line lithography and ion‐implantation technology and high‐speed operation of fT>100 GHz was achieved. As a result of the investigation of 0.18‐µm GaAs‐MESFET using the high‐temperature accelerated life test, an activation energy of 1.54 eV and mean time to failure (MTTF) of 2.4×105 hours at a junction temperature of 150 °C were obtained. Gate sinking at the interface between the gate metal and GaAs substrate was revealed using the analysis of cross‐sectional TEM and EDS. That failure mode is similar to GaAs‐MESFET with a gate length of 0.8 µm. The amount of drain current degradation after burn‐in test could not be quantitatively explained by the sinking of Ti to the GaAs substrate. We reveal the existence of a complex degradation mechanism related to the impact ionization at the drain access region. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(4): 9–17, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20319
Solving regularized least squares with qualitatively controlled adaptive cross‐approximated matrices
Authors: Hamada Shoji , Tatematsu Akiyoshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe adaptive cross‐approximation (ACA) technique is applied to accelerating an inverse‐problem solver that estimates charge distribution on a dielectric spacer. The ACA generates an approximated system‐matrix that enables us to carry out high‐speed inverse calculation. We designed an approximation procedure based on ACA with some additional concepts, that is, (a) partitioning of matrix based on algebraic information, (b) approximation quality control based on matrix norms, and so on. The tested solver (LSQR for regularized least squares) with ACA demonstrates about 10 times faster performance than that without ACA. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(3): 10–18, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20326
Label recognition using collinear acoustooptic devices in WDM photonic router
Authors: Goto Nobuo , Miyazaki Yasumitsu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCollinear acoustooptic (AO) switches are investigated for use in label recognition system in photonic routing systems. The optical label discussed in this paper uses optical codes which are encoded in the time domain. Short optical pulse trains representing the codes are processed with integrated AO devices. Proposed device configurations for label recognition are described with the basic operation mechanism. A numerical example for the code recognition is also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(3): 48–55, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20453
Unraveling the lethal synergism between Trypanosoma cruzi infection and LPS: A role for increased macrophage reactivity
Authors: Paiva Cláudia N. , Arras Rosa H. , Lessa Luiz P. , Gibaldi Daniel , Alves Letícia , Metz Christine N. , Gazzinelli Ricardo , Pyrrho Alexandre S. , Lannes‐Vieira Joseli , Bozza Marcelo T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVarious infections sensitize to lethal shock by promoting hyperactivation of macrophages to LPS stimulation. Although macrophages are thought to be deactivated upon contact with apoptotic cells during Trypanosoma cruzi infection, T. cruzi infection also sensitizes mice to endotoxemia. Herein, we studied the mechanisms of sensitization to endotoxemia in T. cruzi‐infected mice in order to solve the paradox. Live (but not fixed) trypomastigotes from various stocks sensitized mice to endotoxemia. Mice deficient in glycolipid recognition (TLR2–/– and CD1d–/–) were sensitized by infection to challenge with LPS. Infected mice hyperproduced TNF and IL‐10 upon LPS challenge. Infected TNF‐R1–/–, macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)–/– and IFN‐γ–/– mice were lethally sensitized, but infected TNF‐R1–/– mice administered anti‐MIF survived shock with LPS. Macrophages from infected mice hyperproduced TNF in response to LPS stimulation and displayed increased expression of TLR4 compared to non‐infected controls. Treatment with the PGE2 synthesis inhibitor acetylsalicylic acid (AAS) in vivo reduced parasitemia and enhanced LPS‐stimulated production of TNF by macrophages, but the effect was less in infected mice than in normal mice. Nevertheless, AAS treatment did not increase the susceptibility of infected mice to sublethal shock with LPS. Our results point to independent MIF and TNF/TNF‐R1 lethal pathways and suggest a role for hyperactivated macrophages in T. cruzi‐sensitized LPS‐induced shock.