bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of biaxial textured NiO on Ni in a one-step process
Authors: Staller Oliver , Gritzner Gerhard 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of biaxial textured nickel oxide on commercially available nickel via a modified surface oxidation epitaxy (SOE) process has been developed. Following studies of different heat-treatment procedures for both texturing of nickel and for the fabrication of nickel oxide the following method was found to yield the best results. Nickel was first textured under an argon — hydrogen atmosphere at 1000°C for 120 min, then the temperature was lowered to 800°C and the atmosphere was changed to argon with 3 ppm oxygen. Smooth and crack free c-axis textured and a–b aligned NiO buffer layers with an out-of-plane texture of 7.8° and an in-plane texture of 9.4° were successfully produced. Higher oxygen partial pressure and temperatures resulted in increased surface roughness and excessive grain growth.
Calorimetric study of melts in the System KF - K2NbF7
Authors: Nerád Ivan , Mikšíková Eva 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The relative enthalpies of melts in the system KF - K2NbF7 were measured by drop-calorimetry at the temperatures 1058, 1140 and 1208 K as a function of composition. Heat capacities of melted mixtures and enthalpies of mixing were determined using the experimental data. The molar heat capacity of melts diverges slightly from additivity. The molar enthalpy of mixing of melts shows small negative deviation from ideality which decreases with decreasing temperature. The thermal effect at mixing was assigned predominantly to association reactions producing more complex fluoroniobate anions.
Applicability of nanofiltration and reverse osmosis for the treatment of wastewater of different origin
Authors: Cséfalvay Edit , Imre Péter , Mizsey Péter 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Membrane separations are finding greater use in wastewater treatment because of their efficiency. In order to prove the effectiveness of membrane filtration an applicability study is carried out. Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes are tested under quite different conditions to reduce the chemical oxygen demands (COD) of wastewaters to meet the Council Directive 76/464/EEC release limit. Two kinds of real wastewaters were selected for the investigation. The wastewaters represent extreme different circumstances since the difference between their COD is two orders of magnitude. All of the membranes tested can be applied either to the treatment of wastewater of high COD (pharmaceutical wastewater) or wastewater of low COD (dumpsite leachate), since the different conditions do not change the membrane characteristics. The experimental data show that none of the membranes can decrease the COD to the release limit in one step. However, if two-stage filtrations (nanofiltration followed by reverse osmosis) are accomplished for both of the wastewaters, a total COD reduction of 94% can be achieved. With the application of the two-stage filtration the COD of the wastewater of low COD can be decreased below the release limit but in case of wastewater of the high COD further treatment will be required.
Ion Exchangers
Authors: de Dardel François , Arden Thomas V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe article contains sections titled:1.Introduction2.Structures of Ion‐Exchange Resins2.1.Polymer Matrices2.2.Functional Groups2.2.1.Cation‐Exchange Resins2.2.2.Anion‐Exchange Resins2.2.3.Other Types of Ion‐Exchange Resins2.3.Adsorbent Resins and Inert Polymers3.Properties3.1.Degree of Cross‐Linking and Porosity3.2.Exchange Capacity3.3.Stability and Service Life3.4.Density3.5.Particle Size3.6.Moisture Content4.Ion‐Exchange Reactions4.1.Cation Exchange4.2.Anion Exchange4.3.Cation and Anion Exchange in Water Treatment5.Ion‐Exchange Equilibria5.1.Dissociation and pK Value5.2.Mono ‐ Monovalent Exchange5.3.Mono ‐ Divalent Exchange (Water Softening)5.4.General Case6.Exchange Kinetics6.1.Principles6.2.Kinetic Curves6.3.Strongly Acidic or Strongly Basic Resins6.3.1.Film Diffusion6.3.2.Particle Diffusion6.4.Weakly Acidic or Weakly Basic Resins7.Practical Consequences of Ion‐Exchange Equilibrium and Kinetics7.1.Operating Capacity, Regeneration Efficiency, and Regenerant Usage7.2.Permanent Leakage7.3.Water Analysis7.4.Calculations in the Design of Ion‐Exchange Plants for Water Purification7.5.Example of Calculation7.5.1.Principle7.5.2.Basic Data7.5.3.Demineralization Unit7.5.4.Polishing Unit8.Industrial Use of Ion Exchange8.1.Description of the Ion‐Exchange Cycle8.2.Methods for Overcoming Equilibrium Problems9.Ion‐Exchange Resin Combinations9.1.Pretreatment9.2.Softening9.3.Demineralization (Primary System)9.4.Polishing9.5.Choice of Resin10.Plant Design10.1.General Considerations10.2.Fixed‐Bed Ion‐Exchange Units10.2.1.Column Diameter and Bed Depth10.2.2.Small‐Scale Units10.2.3.Industrial Co‐ and Counterflow Plants10.2.4.Mixed Beds10.2.5.Other Ion‐Exchange Polishers10.3.Continuously Circulated Ion‐Exchange Resins10.4.External Valves and Pipework10.5.Control Systems11.Special Processes in Water Treatment11.1.Removal of Organic Matter11.2.Treatment of Potable Water11.3.Treatment of Brackish Water11.4.Processes Involving Sea Water11.5.Treatment of Condensates11.5.1.Conventional Resins11.5.2.Powdered Resins11.6.Water Treatment in the Nuclear Industry11.7.Production of Ultrapure Water12.Special Applications of Ion Exchange12.1.Processing Steps12.1.1.Purification12.1.2.Ion Substitution12.1.3.Recovery and Concentration12.1.4.Separation12.1.5.Diffusion12.1.6.Catalysis12.1.7.Dehydration12.1.8.Coalescence on Oleophilic Resins12.1.9.Liquid Ion Exchangers12.1.10.Ion‐Exchange Membranes12.2.Technical Considerations
Robust fault detection using zonotope‐based set‐membership consistency test
Authors: Ingimundarson Ari , Bravo José Manuel , Puig Vicenç , Alamo Teodoro , Guerra Pedro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article proposes a robust fault detection method that takes advantage of a recently proposed set‐membership identification procedure based on zonotopes for systems linear in the parameters. It is shown that consistency checks indicating faults can be performed in a natural manner with a zonotope description of the feasible parameter set. A zonotope‐based fault detection algorithm that is able to handle systems with invariant parameters, with parameter variation bounded between samples and with unbounded variation is presented. Finally, two application examples are given, which demonstrate how the algorithm works on a simulated process (a four‐tank system) and a real application example (a section of a sewer network). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive repetitive control for resonance cancellation of a distributed solar collector field
Authors: Álvarez J. D. , Yebra L. J. , Berenguel M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with modelling and control of the outlet temperature in a distributed solar collector field. The resonance dynamics characteristics of this kind of system are similar to those of tubular heat exchangers in the closed‐loop system bandwidth when fast responses are required. Simple low‐order rational models are unable to capture the resonance dynamics, which can be excited by changes in both the heat transfer fluid flow and solar irradiation.This paper proposes a new model derived from a similar model for a tubular heat exchanger. This model allows the use of low‐order controllers, which can be extended to an adaptive control scheme to account for varying resonance frequencies, as a new functionality achieving fast, well‐damped responses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Biomimetic Actuator Based on an Ionic Networking Membrane of Poly(styrene‐alt‐maleimide)‐Incorporated Poly(vinylidene fluoride)
Authors: Lu Jun , Kim Sang‐Gyun , Lee Sunwoo , Oh Il‐Kwon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel electro‐active polymer actuator employing the ionic networking membrane of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleimide) (PSMI)‐incorporated poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) was developed to improve the electrical and mechanical performance of the artificial muscles. The main drawback of the previous ionic polymer‐metal composite actuator was the straightening‐back and relaxation under the constant voltage excitation. The present ionic networking membrane actuator overcomes the relaxation of the ionic polymer‐metal composite actuator under the constant voltage and also shows much larger tip displacement than that of the Nafion‐based actuator. Under the simple harmonic stimulus, the measured mechanical displacement was comparable to that of the Nafion‐based actuator. The excellent electromechanical response of the current polymer actuator is attributed to two factors: the inherent large ionic‐exchange capacity and the unique hydrophilic nano‐channels of the ionic networking membrane. The electro‐active polymer actuator of PSMI‐incorporated PVDF can be a promising smart material and may possibly diversify niche applications in biomimetic motion.
Asymmetrische Organokatalyse: Eintritt in die Reifezeit
Authors: Dondoni Alessandro , Massi Alessandro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNach einer ersten Phase orientierender Studien zur asymmetrischen Organokatalyse, die vornehmlich der Untersuchung wichtiger Modellreaktionen der organischen Synthese galten, sind die Forschungen auf diesem Gebiet nun in einem Stadium angelangt, in dem speziellere Aufgabenstellungen und insbesondere auch stereochemische Probleme gezielt angegangen werden können. Dieser Aufsatz diskutiert ausgewählte Arbeiten aus dem Jahr 2006 und der ersten Hälfte von 2007 und soll vier Hauptaspekte hervorheben, an denen sich der gegenwärtige Stand und die Perspektiven der Organokatalyse ablesen lassen: 1) chemische Effizienz; 2) Auffinden neuer Substratkombinationen für die Entwicklung neuer asymmetrischer Synthesen; c) Entwicklung neuer Katalysatoren für spezielle Anwendungen auf der Grundlage mechanistischer Erkenntnisse; d) Einsatz organokatalytischer Reaktionen in asymmetrischen Totalsynthesen von bisher unzugänglichen Naturstoffen und von bekannten biologisch und pharmazeutisch aktiven Verbindungen.
Depolymerization of poly(ethylene terephthalate) with catalyst under microwave radiation
Authors: Li Kaixiang , Song Xiaofang , Zhang Dong 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrain poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) was depolymerized in pure water in the presence of different catalysts. The product quantity of bis(2‐hydroxy ethylene) terephthalate (BHET) and glycol obtained was different from the one without catalysts; especially, using zinc acetate as catalyst, the product obtained was in its pure form with sufficiently high yields. Meanwhile, the depolymerization rate nearly reached to 100%. The purified product was characterized by IR spectroscopy. The depolymerization process of PET reported here was economically viable for the high yields of BHET and glycol. Among all the catalysts used in the reaction, zinc acetate was testified as the most effective one, and the optimal dosage of zinc acetate was 0.4% of the feedstock PET. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Thermal reproducibility and voltage stability of carbon black/multiwalled carbon nanotube and carbon black/SnO2‐Sb coated titanium dioxide filled silicone rubber heaters
Authors: Kim Gwang‐Tae , Park Eun‐Soo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFlexible heaters were prepared by extruding platinum‐catalyzed silicone rubber (SR) compound with carbon black (CB)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and CB/SnO2‐Sb coated titanium dioxide (TiO2). MWNT with average particle length of 20 μm and acicular shaped TiO2 with average particle length of 1.7 μm were selected. Thermal aging and mechanical deformation stability were compared for SR/CB, SR/CB/MWNT, and SR/CB/TiO2 composites system. During thermal aging, conductor resistivity decreased because of the toughening effect of SR matrix. When 1 wt % of MWNT and TiO2 were added into SR/CB compound, the deformation stability increased significantly. Thermal reproducibility and voltage stability of the extruded heaters were also investigated by applying AC voltage of 220 V. The heaters containing MWNT exhibited poor thermal reproducibility and voltage stability compared with heater containing TiO2 or unfilled. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation, characterization, and drug release properties of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels having β‐cyclodextrin functionality
Authors: Demir Serap , Kahraman M. Vezir , Bora Nil , Kayaman Apohan Nilhan , Ogan Ayşe 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new β‐cyclodextrin urethane‐methacrylate monomer was synthesized from the reaction of toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate, 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD). Based on inclusion character of β‐CD, a series of hydrogels were prepared by irradiating the mixtures of β‐cyclodextrin urethane‐methacrylate monomer (β‐CD‐UM), poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG‐DA), HEMA, and the photoinitator. Gel percentages and equilibrium swelling ratios (%) of hydrogels were investigated. It was observed that the equilibrium‐swelling ratio increased with increasing β‐CD‐UM content in the hydrogel composition. SEM images demonstrated that β‐CD‐UM based hydrogel have porous fractured surface. In this study four different drug molecules, salicylic acid, sulfathiazole, rifampicin, and methyl orange as model drug, which are capable of forming inclusion complexes withβ‐CD were chosen. For sulfathiazole and rifampicin, the drug loadings are very low (0.04 and 0.008 mmol/g dry gel), whereas methyl orange and salicylic acid drug uptakes are found as 0.15 and 0.18 mmol/g dry gel, respectively. The incorporation of β‐CD‐UM comonomer into the gel slightly reduces the methyl orange and salicylic acid releases. However, a significant enhancement was achieved in the case of sulfathiazole delivery. It can be concluded that the inclusion complex formation capability of β‐CD moiety increases the drug release by improving the aqueous solubility of hydrophobic drugs. On the other hand, in the case of hydrophilic drugs, the drug release retards by forming strong drug‐β‐CD complex and reducing the drug diffusivity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Experimental ensemble forecasts of precipitation based on a convection‐resolving model
Authors: Gebhardt Christoph , Theis Susanne , Krahe Peter , Renner Volker 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present the idea and the very first results of an “Experimental ensemble based on the COSMO‐DE (EELMK)”. The aim is to understand predictability limits of precipitation forecasts on the convective scale. Ensemble techniques with convection‐resolving models are a new field of research. We investigate forecast uncertainties due to imperfect model physics and lateral boundary conditions. The initial case studies demonstrate the potential of EELMK to generate variability between ensemble members in terms of spatial homogeneity and intensity of precipitation. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
New Stemona Alkaloids from the Roots of Stemona sessilifolia
Authors: Guo Aobo , Jin Li , Deng Zhiwei , Cai Shaoqing , Guo Shunxin , Lin Wenhan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFrom the roots of Stemona sessilifolia, three new stemona‐type alkaloids, namely stemosessifoine (1), isooxymaistemonine (2), and isomaistemonine (3), along with eight known alkaloids (bisdehydrostemoninine, isobisdehydrostemoninine, tuberostemonine, bisdehydrotuberostemonine, bisdehydrostemoninine, isobisdehydrostemoninine, stemoninine, and protostemonine), were isolated. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive 2D‐NMR spectroscopic‐data analysis and by comparison with reported values in the literature. Compound 1 is a structurally unprecedented alkaloid, and it is depicted to be bioconverted from tuberostemonine as the precursor. Isooxymaistemonine (2) showed a positive effect on the human high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor gene CD36 and LIMP II analogous‐1 (CLA‐1) at the dosage of 10 μg/ml.
Synthesis of Resveratrol Analogues, and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxic and Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitory Activities
Authors: Huang Xian‐Feng , Li Huan‐Qiu , Shi Lei , Xue Jia‐Yu , Ruan Ban‐Feng , Zhu Hai‐Liang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThirteen resveratrol (=5‐[(E)‐2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene‐1,3‐diol) analogues with a CHO group have been prepared by partial synthesis from resveratrol. The synthesized compounds have been evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a human nasopharyngeal epidermoid tumor cell line KB, as well as for their xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Compounds 2, 3, and 6a showed the most significant cytotoxic activities against the cell line KB, and compound 2 also exhibited strong xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity.
N‐Glucosyl‐1H‐indole Derivatives from Cortinarius brunneus (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Teichert Axel , Schmidt Jürgen , Porzel Andrea , Arnold Norbert , Wessjohann Ludger 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo new N‐glucosylated indole alkaloids were isolated from fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Cortinarius brunneus (Pers.) Fr. The structures were elucidated by means of the spectroscopic data. Additionally, the very recently reported compounds N‐1‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐3‐(carboxymethyl)‐1H‐indole (3) and N‐1‐β‐glucopyranosyl‐3‐(2‐methoxy‐2‐oxoethyl)‐1H‐indole (4) could be detected. Compound 3 is the N‐glucoside of the plant‐growth regulator 1H‐indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA), but, in contrast, it does not exhibit auxin‐like activity in an Arabidopsis thaliana tap root elongation assay.
ChemInform Abstract: Toward an Accurate Self‐Interaction Binding Energy of Magic Cluster TiAu4
Authors: Han Young‐Kyu , Kim Jong Chan , Jung Jaehoon , Yu Ungsik 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Unravelling the Complexities of Polyoxometalates in Solution Using Mass Spectrometry: Protonation versus Heteroatom Inclusion.
Authors: Long De‐Liang , Streb Carsten , Song Yu‐Fei , Mitchell Scott , Cronin Leroy 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Crystal Chemistry of Li2BNH6 and Li4BN3H10.
Authors: Wu Hui , Zhou Wei , Udovic Terrence J. , Rush John J. , Yildirim Taner 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrical Resistivity and Photoluminescence of Lead Iodide Crystals.
Authors: Matuchova M. , Zdansky K. , Svatuska M. , Zavadil J. , Prochazkova O. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydration, Structure, and Superconductivity of KOs2O6×nH2O.
Authors: Galati Rosa , Simon Charles , Knee Christopher S. , Henry Paul F. , Rainford Brian D. , Weller Mark T. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Synthesis of a Si Nanocomposite Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Lacroix‐Orio Laurence , Tillard Monique , Zitoun David , Belin Claude 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ba2F2Fe2+0.5Fe 3+S3: A Two‐Dimensional Inhomogeneous Mixed Valence Iron Compound.
Authors: Kabbour Houria , Cario Laurent 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones Catalyzed by Siloxyproline in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Aratake Seiji , Itoh Takahiko , Okano Tsubasa , Nagae Norio , Sumiya Tatsunobu , Shoji Mitsuru , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of New Thiazole‐Based Iridium Catalysts and Their Applications in the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Trisubstituted Olefins.
Authors: Cheruku Pradeep , Paptchikhine Alexander , Ali Muhammad , Neudoerfl Joerg‐M. , Andersson Pher G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indium(III)‐Catalyzed Addition of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Alkenes.
Authors: Yuan Yu , Shi Zhuangzhi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective ortho‐Acylation of Phenol and Naphthol Derivatives Catalyzed by FeCl3 under Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Naeimi H. , Moradi L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tin‐Free, Radical‐Mediated γ‐Alkylations of α,β‐Unsaturated Esters via O‐tert‐Alkyl Dienol Ethers.
Authors: Lee Jin Young , Kim Sunggak 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.