bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Factorial Validity and Invariance of a Survey Measuring Psychosocial Correlates of Colorectal Cancer Screening in Ontario, Canada—A Replication Study
Authors: Ritvo Paul , Myers Ronald , Del Giudice M.L. , Pazsat Larry , Campbell Peter T. , Howlett R.I. , Mai Verna , Sullivan Terry , Tiro Jasmin , Rabeneck Linda 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Psychosocial constructs have been used to predict colorectal cancer screening and are frequently targeted as intermediate outcomes in behavioral intervention studies. Few studies have conducted analyses to adequately test construct validity. The psychometric analyses undertaken with U.S. populations of 16 theory-based, colorectal cancer screening items designed to measure five factors (salience-coherence, cancer worries, perceived susceptibility, response efficacy, and social influence) are an exception. The current investigation replicates previous work by examining factor validity and invariance in a random sample of Ontario, Canada residents. A survey instrument was administered to 1,013 Ontario male (49%) and female (51%) residents randomly selected by the Canada Survey Sample. Single-group confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) assessed data fit to the proposed five-factor model for males and females separately, and then a multigroup CFA evaluated if the factor structure was invariant for men and women. The five-factor model provided good fit for both males and females. Tests for factorial invariance between sexes, however, found mixed results. χ2 difference test was significant (P = 0.025); however, ΔRMSEA = 0.0001. Factor loadings were similar by sex except for two social influence items, with item frequency distributions suggesting an extreme response style, in females, on these items. Overall, the single-group and multigroup CFA results support factorial validity and partial invariance of the five-factor model first identified in the U.S. populations. The items can be used to evaluate and compare psychosocial correlates across U.S. and Canadian samples. Additional research is needed to show invariance for other ethnocultural and national subgroups. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3279–83)
Occupation, Exposure to Chemicals, Sensitizing Agents, and Risk of Multiple Myeloma in Sweden
Authors: Lope Virginia , Pérez-Gómez Beatriz , Aragonés Nuria , López-Abente Gonzalo , Gustavsson Per , Plato Nils , Zock Jan-Paul , Pollán Marina 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: This study sought to identify occupations with high incidence of multiple myeloma and to investigate possible excess risk associated with occupational exposure to chemicals and sensitizing agents in Sweden.
Methods: A historical cohort of 2,992,166 workers was followed up (1971-1989) through record linkage with the National Cancer and Death Registries. For each job category, age and period standardized incidence ratios and age and period adjusted relative risks of multiple myeloma were calculated using Poisson models. Exposure to chemicals and to sensitizing agents was also assessed using two job-exposure matrices. Men and women were analyzed separately.
Results: During follow-up, 3,127 and 1,282 myelomas were diagnosed in men and women, respectively. In men, excess risk was detected among working proprietors, agricultural, horticultural and forestry enterprisers, bakers and pastry cooks, dental technicians, stone cutters/carvers, and prison/reformatory officials. In women, this excess was observed among attendants in psychiatric care, metal workers, bakers and pastry cooks, and paper/paperboard product workers. Workers, particularly bakers and pastry cooks, exposed to high molecular weight sensitizing agents registered an excess risk of over 40% across the sexes. Occasional, although intense, exposure to pesticides was also associated with risk of myeloma in our cohort.
Conclusions: Our study supports a possible etiologic role for farming and use of pesticides in myeloma risk. The high incidence found in both female and male bakers and pastry cooks has not been described previously. Further research is required to assess the influence of high molecular weight sensitizing agents on risk of multiple myeloma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3123–7)
International Lung Cancer Consortium: Pooled Analysis of Sequence Variants in DNA Repair and Cell Cycle Pathways
Authors: Hung Rayjean J. , Christiani David C. , Risch Angela , Popanda Odilia , Haugen Aage , Zienolddiny Shan , Benhamou Simone , Bouchardy Christine , Lan Qing , Spitz Margaret R. , Wichmann H.-Erich , LeMarchand Loic , Vineis Paolo , Matullo Giuseppe , Kiyohara Chikako , Zhang Zuo-Feng , Pezeshki Benhnaz , Harris Curtis , Mechanic Leah , Seow Adeline , Ng Daniel P.K. , Szeszenia-Dabrowska Neonila , Zaridze David , Lissowska Jolanta , Rudnai Peter , Fabianova Eleonora , Mates Dana , Foretova Lenka , Janout Vladimir , Bencko Vladimir , Caporaso Neil , Chen Chu , Duell Eric J. , Goodman Gary , Field John K. , Houlston Richard S. , Hong Yun-Chul , Landi Maria Teresa , Lazarus Philip , Muscat Joshua , McLaughlin John , Schwartz Ann G. , Shen Hongbing , Stucker Isabelle , Tajima Kazuo , Matsuo Keitaro , Thun Michael , Yang Ping , Wiencke John , Andrew Angeline S. , Monnier Stephanie , Boffetta Paolo , Brennan Paul 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: The International Lung Cancer Consortium was established in 2004. To clarify the role of DNA repair genes in lung cancer susceptibility, we conducted a pooled analysis of genetic variants in DNA repair pathways, whose associations have been investigated by at least 3 individual studies.
Methods: Data from 14 studies were pooled for 18 sequence variants in 12 DNA repair genes, including APEX1, OGG1, XRCC1, XRCC2, XRCC3, ERCC1, XPD, XPF, XPG, XPA, MGMT, and TP53. The total number of subjects included in the analysis for each variant ranged from 2,073 to 13,955 subjects.
Results: Four of the variants were found to be weakly associated with lung cancer risk with borderline significance: these were XRCC3 T241M [heterozygote odds ratio (OR), 0.89; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.79-0.99 and homozygote OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.71-1.00] based on 3,467 cases and 5,021 controls from 8 studies, XPD K751Q (heterozygote OR, 0.99; 95% CI, 0.89-1.10 and homozygote OR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.02-1.39) based on 6,463 cases and 6,603 controls from 9 studies, and TP53 R72P (heterozygote OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.00-1.29 and homozygote OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.02-1.42) based on 3,610 cases and 5,293 controls from 6 studies. OGG1 S326C homozygote was suggested to be associated with lung cancer risk in Caucasians (homozygote OR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.01-1.79) based on 2,569 cases and 4,178 controls from 4 studies but not in Asians. The other 14 variants did not exhibit main effects on lung cancer risk.
Discussion: In addition to data pooling, future priorities of International Lung Cancer Consortium include coordinated genotyping and multistage validation for ongoing genome-wide association studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3081–9)
Glycosylated Hemoglobin and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men and Women, the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
Authors: Rinaldi Sabina , Rohrmann Sabine , Jenab Mazda , Biessy Carine , Sieri Sabina , Palli Domenico , Tumino Rosario , Mattiello Amalla , Vineis Paolo , Nieters Alexandra , Linseisen Jakob , Pischon Tobias , Boeing Heiner , Hallmans Göran , Palmqvist Richard , Manjer Jonas , Wirfält Elisabet , Crowe Francesca L. , Khaw Kay-Tee T. , Bingham Sheila , Tjønneland Anne , Olsen Anja , Overvad Kim , Lund Eiliv , Skeie Guri , Clavel-Chapelon Francoise , Boutron-Ruault Marie-Christine , de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine , Ardanaz Eva , Jakszyn Paula , Ramon Quiros Jose , Chirlaque Maria-Dolores , Sanchez Maria-Jose , Dorronsoro Miren , Trichopoulou Antonia , Lagiou Pagona , Trichopoulos Dimitrious , Bueno-de-Mesquita H. Bas , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Peeters Petra H.M. , Slimani Nadia , Ferrari Pietro , Byrnes Graham B. , Riboli Elio , Kaaks Rudolf 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAlthough large-scale prospective cohort studies have related hyperglycemia to increased risk of cancer overall, studies specifically on colorectal cancer have been generally small. We investigated the association between prediagnostic levels of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), a marker for average glucose level in blood, and colorectal cancer risk in a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. One thousand and twenty-six incident colorectal cancer cases (561 men and 465 women) and 1,026 matched controls were eligible for the study. Multivariate conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORS) adjusted for possible confounders. Increasing HbA1c percentages were statistically significantly associated with a mild increase in colorectal cancer risk in the whole population [OR, 1.10; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01,1.19 for a 10% increase in HbA1c]. In women, increasing HbA1c percentages were associated with a statistically significant increase in colorectal cancer risk (OR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.01, 1.32 for a 10% increase in HbA1c) and with a borderline statistically significant increase in rectum cancer (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.99,1.50 for a 10% increase in HbA1c). No significant association with cancer risk was observed in men. The results of the current study suggest a mild implication of hyperglycemia in colorectal cancer, which seems more important in women than in men, and more for cancer of the rectum than of the colon. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3108–15)
Fertility Drug Use and Mammographic Breast Density in a Mammography Screening Cohort of Premenopausal Women
Authors: Sprague Brian L. , Trentham-Dietz Amy , Terry Mary Beth , Nichols Hazel B. , Bersch Andrew J. , Buist Diana S.M. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
The widespread use of ovulation-inducing drugs to enhance fertility has raised concerns about its potential effects on breast cancer risk, as ovarian stimulation is associated with increases in estrogen and progesterone levels. We investigated the short-term relation between fertility drug use and mammographic breast density, a strong marker of breast cancer risk, among participants in the Group Health Breast Cancer Screening Program. Data linkage with Group Health automated pharmacy records identified 104 premenopausal women &lt;50 years old who obtained a mammogram during 1996-2006, within 2 years after a fertility drug dispensing. Premenopausal nonusers of fertility drugs were matched to users by age, body mass index, age at first birth, family history of breast cancer, past use of birth control hormones, race, and education (n = 1005). All mammograms were categorized for density according to the Breast Imaging Reporting Data System as entirely fat, scattered fibroglandular, heterogeneously dense, or extremely dense. Density in fertility drug users was equally likely as in nonusers to be rated entirely fat [odds ratio (OR), 0.83; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.18-3.71], heterogeneously dense (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.64-1.85), or extremely dense (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.48-1.78) compared with scattered fibroglandular. In analyses restricted to fertility drug users, each additional month after the date of dispensing was associated with a 13% (95% CI for the OR, 1.01-1.27) increased odds of being categorized as heterogeneously/extremely dense compared with entirely fat/scattered fibroglandular (P = 0.04). Our results indicate no overall association between fertility drug use and mammographic density, but provide evidence that density may be lower in women more recently dispensed a fertility drug. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3128–33)
Comparison of Predictors for High-Grade Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women with Abnormal Smears
Authors: Szarewski Anne , Ambroisine Laurence , Cadman Louise , Austin Janet , Ho Linda , Terry George , Liddle Stuart , Dina Roberto , McCarthy Julie , Buckley Hilary , Bergeron Christine , Soutter Pat , Lyons Deirdre , Cuzick Jack 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: The detection of high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA provides higher sensitivity but lower specificity than cytology for the identification of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). This study compared the sensitivity and specificity of several adjunctive tests for the detection of high-grade CIN in a population referred to colposcopy because of abnormal cytology.
Methods: 953 women participated in the study. Up to seven tests were carried out on a liquid PreservCyt sample: Hybrid Capture II (Digene), Amplicor (Roche), PreTect HPV-Proofer (NorChip), APTIMA HPV assay (Gen-Probe), Linear Array (Roche), Clinical-Arrays (Genomica), and CINtec p16INK4a Cytology (mtm Laboratories) immunocytochemistry. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) were based on the worst histology seen on either the biopsy or the treatment specimen after central review.
Results: 273 (28.6%) women had high-grade disease (CIN2+) on worst histology, with 193 (20.2%) having CIN3+. For the detection of CIN2+, Hybrid Capture II had a sensitivity of 99.6%, specificity of 28.4%, and PPV of 36.1%. Amplicor had a sensitivity of 98.9%, specificity of 21.7%, and PPV of 33.5%. PreTect HPV-Proofer had a sensitivity of 73.6%, specificity of 73.1%, and PPV of 52.0%. APTIMA had a sensitivity of 95.2%, specificity of 42.2%, and PPV of 39.9%. CINtec p16INK4a Cytology had a sensitivity of 83.0%, specificity of 68.7%, and PPV of 52.3%. Linear Array had a sensitivity of 98.2%, specificity of 32.8%, and PPV of 37.7%. Clinical-Arrays had a sensitivity of 80.9%, specificity of 37.1%, and PPV of 33.0%. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3033–42)
Molecular Characterization of MSI-H Colorectal Cancer by MLHI Promoter Methylation, Immunohistochemistry, and Mismatch Repair Germline Mutation Screening
Authors: Poynter Jenny N. , Siegmund Kimberly D. , Weisenberger Daniel J. , Long Tiffany I. , Thibodeau Stephen N. , Lindor Noralane , Young Joanne , Jenkins Mark A. , Hopper John L. , Baron John A. , Buchanan Dan , Casey Graham , Levine A. Joan , Marchand Loïc Le , Gallinger Steven , Bapat Bharati , Potter John D. , Newcomb Polly A. , Haile Robert W. , Laird Peter W. ,   for the Colon Cancer Family Registry Investigators
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs in 10% to 20% of colorectal cancers (CRC) and has been attributed to both MLH1 promoter hypermethylation and germline mutation in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes. We present results from a large population- and clinic-based study of MLH1 methylation, immunohistochemistry, and MMR germline mutations that enabled us to (a) estimate the prevalence of MMR germline mutations and MLH1 methylation among MSI-H cases and help us understand if all MSI-H CRC is explained by these mechanisms and (b) estimate the associations between MLH1 methylation and sex, age, and tumor location within the colon. MLH1 methylation was measured in 1,061 population-based and 172 clinic-based cases of CRC. Overall, we observed MLH1 methylation in 60% of population-based MSI-H cases and in 13% of clinic-based MSI-H cases. Within the population-based cases with MMR mutation screening and conclusive immunohistochemistry results, we identified a molecular event in MMR in 91% of MSI-H cases: 54% had MLH1 methylation, 14% had a germline mutation in a MMR gene, and 23% had immunohistochemistry evidence for loss of a MMR protein. We observed a striking age difference, with the prevalence of a MMR germline mutation more than 4-fold lower and the prevalence of MLH1 methylation more than 4-fold higher in cases diagnosed after the age of 50 years than in cases diagnosed before that age. We also determined that female sex is an independent predictor of MLH1 methylation within the MSI-H subgroup. These results reinforce the importance of distinguishing between the underlying causes of MSI in studies of etiology and prognosis. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3208–15)
Associations between Variants of the 8q24 Chromosome and Nine Smoking-Related Cancer Sites
Authors: Park Sungshim Lani , Chang Shen-Chih , Cai Lin , Cordon-Cardo Carlos , Ding Bao-Guo , Greenland Sander , Hussain Shehnaz K. , Jiang Qingwu , Liu Simin , Lu Ming-Lan , Mao Jenny T. , Morgenstern Hal , Mu Li-Na , Ng Leslie J. , Pantuck Allan , Rao Jianyu , Reuter Victor E. , Tashkin Donald P. , You Nai-Chieh Y. , Yu Can-Qing , Yu Shun-Zhang , Zhao Jin-Kou , Belldegrun Arie , Zhang Zuo-Feng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractRecent genome-wide association studies identified key single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the 8q24 region to be associated with prostate cancer. 8q24 SNPs have also been associated with colorectal cancer, suggesting that this region may not be specifically associated to just prostate cancer. To date, the association between these polymorphisms and tobacco smoking-related cancer sites remains unknown. Using epidemiologic data and biological samples previously collected in three case-control studies from U.S. and Chinese populations, we selected and genotyped one SNP from each of the three previously determined “regions” within the 8q24 loci, rs1447295 (region 1), rs16901979 (region 2), and rs6983267 (region 3), and examined their association with cancers of the lung, oropharynx, nasopharynx, larynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, bladder, and kidney. We observed noteworthy associations between rs6983267 and upper aerodigestive tract cancers [adjusted odds ratio (ORadj), 1.69; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.28-2.24], particularly in oropharynx (ORadj, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.30-2.49) and larynx (ORadj, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.12-3.72). We also observed a suggestive association between rs6983267 and liver cancer (ORadj, 1.51; 95% CI, 0.99-2.31). When we stratified our analysis by smoking status, rs6983267 was positively associated with lung cancer among ever-smokers (ORadj, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.05-2.00) and inversely associated with bladder cancer among ever-smokers (ORadj, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.83). Associations were observed between rs16901979 and upper aerodigestive tract cancer among never-smokers and between rs1447295 and liver cancer among ever-smokers. Our results suggest variants of the 8q24 chromosome may play an important role in smoking-related cancer development. Functional and large epidemiologic studies should be conducted to further investigate the association of 8q24 SNPs with smoking-related cancers. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3193–202)
Green Tea Extracts for the Prevention of Metachronous Colorectal Adenomas: A Pilot Study
Authors: Shimizu Masahito , Fukutomi Yasushi , Ninomiya Mitsuo , Nagura Kazuo , Kato Tomohiro , Araki Hiroshi , Suganuma Masami , Fujiki Hirota , Moriwaki Hisataka 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Background: Experimental studies indicate the chemopreventive properties of green tea extract (GTE) on colorectal cancer. Epidemiologically, green tea consumption of &gt;10 cups daily reduced colorectal cancer risk in Japanese. Because colorectal adenomas are the precursors to most sporadic colorectal cancers, we conducted a randomized trial to determine the preventive effect of GTE supplements on metachronous colorectal adenomas by raising green tea consumption in the target population from an average of 6 cups (1.5 g GTE) daily to ≥10 cups equivalent (2.5 g GTE) by supplemental GTE tablets.
Methods: We recruited 136 patients, removed their colorectal adenomas by endoscopic polypectomy, and 1 year later confirmed the clean colon (i.e., no polyp) at the second colonoscopy. The patients were then randomized into two groups while maintaining their lifestyle on green tea drinking: 71 patients supplemented with 1.5 g GTE per day for 12 months and 65 control patients without supplementation. Follow-up colonoscopy was conducted 12 months later in 125 patients (65 in the control group and 60 in the GTE group).
Results: The incidence of metachronous adenomas at the end-point colonoscopy was 31% (20 of 65) in the control group and 15% (9 of 60) in the GTE group (relative risk, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-0.99; P &lt; 0.05). The size of relapsed adenomas was also smaller in the GTE group than in the control group (P &lt; 0.001). No serious adverse events occurred in the GTE group.
Conclusion: GTE is an effective supplement for the chemoprevention of metachronous colorectal adenomas. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3020–5)
Genetic Variation in Tumor Necrosis Factor and the Nuclear Factor-κB Canonical Pathway and Risk of Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma
Authors: Cerhan James R. , Liu-Mares Wen , Fredericksen Zachary S. , Novak Anne J. , Cunningham Julie M. , Kay Neil E. , Dogan Ahmet , Liebow Mark , Wang Alice H. , Call Timothy G. , Habermann Thomas M. , Ansell Stephen M. , Slager Susan L. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is a cancer closely associated with immune function, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) G-308A promoter polymorphism, which influences immune function and regulation, was recently reported by the InterLymph Consortium to be associated with NHL risk. TNF signaling activates the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) canonical pathway, leading to transcriptional activation of multiple genes that influence inflammation and immune response. We hypothesized that, in addition to TNF signaling, common genetic variation in genes from the NF-κB canonical pathway may affect risk of NHL. We genotyped 54 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) within TNF, lymphotoxin A LTA, and nine NF-κB genes from the canonical pathway (TNFRSF1A, TRADD, TRAF2, TRAF5, RIPK1, CHUK, IKBKB, NFKB1, and REL) in a clinic-based study of 441 incident cases and 475 frequency-matched controls. Tagging SNPs were selected from HapMap supplemented by putative functional SNPs for LTA/TNF. We used principal components and haplo.stats to model gene-level associations and logistic regression to model SNP-level associations. Compared with the wild-type (GG), the AA genotype for the TNF promoter polymorphism G-308A (rs1800629) was associated with increased risk of NHL [odds ratio (OR), 2.14; 95% confidence interval (95% CI), 0.94-4.85], whereas the GA genotype was not (OR, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.74-1.34). This association was similar for follicular lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. A previously reported LTA/TNF haplotype was also associated with NHL risk. In gene-level analysis of the NF-κB pathway, only NFKB1 showed a statistically significant association with NHL (P = 0.049), and one NFKB1 tagSNP (rs4648022) was associated with NHL risk overall (ordinal OR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.41-0.84; Ptrend = 0.0037) and for each of the common subtypes. In conclusion, we provide additional evidence for the role of genetic variation in TNF and LTA SNPs and haplotypes with risk of NHL and also provide some of the first preliminary evidence for an association of genetic variation in NFKB1, a downstream target of TNF signaling, with risk of NHL. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(11):3161–9)
Questioning Thunderstones and Arrowheads: The Problem of Recognizing and Interpreting Stone Artifacts in the Seventeenth Century
Authors: Goodrum Matthew 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFlint arrowheads, spearheads, and axe heads made by prehistoric Europeans were generally considered before the eighteenth century to be a naturally produced stone that formed in storm clouds and fell with lightning. These stones were called ceraunia, or thunderstones, and it was not until the sixteenth century that their status as a natural phenomenon was challenged. During the seventeenth century natural historians and antiquaries began to suggest that these ceraunia were not thunderstones but ancient human artifacts. I argue that natural history museums, European contact with the stone-tool using peoples in the New World, and the close relationship between natural history and antiquarianism were critical to this reinterpretation of ceraunia. Once these objects were recognized to be ancient artifacts they could be used to investigate the earliest periods of human history from sources other than texts.