bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Impact of pulsed electric fields on membrane disintegration, drying, and osmotic dehydration of foods
Authors: Rahaman Abdul , Mishra Awdhesh Kumar , Kumari Ankita , Farooq Mohammad Adil , Alee Mahafooj , Khalifa Ibrahim , Siddeeg Azhari , Zeng Xin‐An , Singh Narpinder 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDrying is one of the oldest and most conventional methods used to preserve foods. Unique traditional methods have been applied for the drying of plant‐based food products. However, the disadvantage of this approach is the low drying rate, high energy, and processing costs accompanied by the loss of nutritional quality in food products. As a substitute, pulsed electric field (PEF) is a modern and promising technique that has various advantages over thermal treatments. Nowadays, it has become an area of innovation to meet increasing industrial demands. Application of PEF during drying and osmotic dehydration has beneficial impacts on the extension of shelf‐life, increases in storage stability, and improvement of nutritional quality. Upscaling the use of PEF from laboratory to industrial scale while maintaining productivity is an area for further research and development. The aim of this commentary review is to give an overview of a newly proposed PEF process, which improves drying rate, mass‐energy transfer, retention of bioactive compounds, and osmotic dehydration in food. PEF processing led to achieving the innovative development of a wide range of foods and was extended to solve environmental issues. Drying food products is the most promising area in the food industry which needs improvement in terms of achieving energy efficiency and cost‐effectiveness to dry food products with the maintenance of nutritional properties to adequate levels. In this regard, PEF could be a suitable and novel drying method to overcome the limitations of conventional drying methods which might open new horizons for valuable research in manufacturing dried fruits and vegetables on an industrial scale.
How do New Ventures Thrive in Ecosystem Venturing: The Impacts of Alliance Strategy and Technology Interdependence
Authors: Chen Xiafei , Yang Yi , Wei Jiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNew ventures in an innovation ecosystem can not only receive benefits, but also face challenges. It is important to examine defence mechanisms that new ventures can employ for their healthy development in the innovation ecosystem. Based on resource dependence theory, combining with arguments from innovation ecosystems literature, this paper proposes that new ventures’ technological alliances with core competitors of ecosystem investors can be used as a social defence in ecosystem venturing. Furthermore, we investigate the moderator effects of technological interdependence – technological similarity and technological complementarity on the impacts of such a defence mechanism. Using longitudinal information of 4903 investor‐investee dyads in ecosystem venturing, we find that (1) technological alliances with core competitors of the ecosystem investor has a positive relationship to venture performance, and (2) such relationship is negatively moderated by technological complementarity. Our findings provide important implications for research on innovation ecosystems and resource dependence theory.
Proactive case finding of alcohol‐related liver disease in high‐risk populations: A systematic review
Authors: Archer Ann J. , Phillips Jennifer , Subhani Mohsan , Ward Zoe , Gordon Fiona H. , Hickman Matthew , Dhanda Ashwin D. , Abeysekera Kushala W. M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAlcohol‐related liver disease (ARLD) is often diagnosed at a late stage when mortality is unacceptably high. Earlier identification of ARLD may lead to reduced alcohol intake, participation in hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance and reduction in liver‐related morbidity and mortality. People with alcohol use disorder (AUD) are at highest risk of ARLD. The aim of this systematic review was to understand the yield of proactive screening for ARLD amongst high‐risk groups.MethodsEmbase, Medline, Scopus and grey literature were searched for studies describing proactive assessment for alcohol‐related liver disease in people with a history of alcohol excess or diagnosed AUD. Outcomes of interest were fibrosis and cirrhosis detection rates, clinical outcomes, portal hypertension evaluation, attendance at follow‐up and cost‐effectiveness.ResultsFifteen studies were identified for inclusion from 1115 returned by the search. Four key settings for patient engagement were identified as inpatient addiction services, outpatient addiction services, general acute hospital admissions and community outreach. Of these, acute hospital admissions were the highest yield for cirrhosis at 10.8%–29.6% and community outreach the lowest was 1.2%–2.3%.ConclusionsTargeted fibrosis assessment of high‐risk populations for ARLD is feasible to conduct and identifies a proportion of patients at risk of advanced liver disease. The highest yield is amongst inpatients admitted with AUD. Prospective work is needed to establish which are the most effective and acceptable screening methods and the impact on long‐term outcomes.
The role of thermodiffusion in transpiration
Authors: Griffani Danielle S. , Rognon Pierre , Farquhar Graham D. 
Published: March 2024

Summary

Plant leaf temperatures can differ from ambient air temperatures. A temperature gradient in a gas mixture gives rise to a phenomenon known as thermodiffusion, which operates in addition to ordinary diffusion. Whilst transpiration is generally understood to be driven solely by the ordinary diffusion of water vapour along a concentration gradient, we consider the implications of thermodiffusion for transpiration.

We develop a new modelling framework that introduces the effects of thermodiffusion on the transpiration rate, E.

By applying this framework, we quantify the proportion of E attributable to thermodiffusion for a set of physiological and environmental conditions, varied over a wide range.

Thermodiffusion is found to be most significant (in some cases > 30% of E) when a leaf‐to‐air temperature difference coincides with a relatively small water vapour concentration difference across the boundary layer; a boundary layer conductance that is large as compared to the stomatal conductance; or a relatively low transpiration rate. Thermodiffusion also alters the conditions required for the onset of reverse transpiration, and the rate at which this water vapour uptake occurs.
MiR‐200c‐3p as a novel genetic marker and therapeutic tool for alopecia areata
Authors: AbdElneam Ahmed Ibrahim , Al‐Dhubaibi Mohammed Saleh , Bahaj Saleh Salem , Alhetheli Ghadah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNA molecules that regulate gene expression in diverse biological processes. They hold promise as therapeutic candidates for targeting human disease pathways, although our understanding of their gene regulatory mechanism remains incomplete. Alopecia areata (AA) is a prevalent inflammatory ailment distinguished by the infiltration of T cells targeting the anagen‐stage hair follicles. The scarcity of effective remedies for AA may stem from limited understanding regarding its precise cellular mechanism.AimTo investigate and examine the importance and role of the miR‐200c‐3p as a genetic indicator for AA, and its possible impact on disease progression.Subjects and methodsCase‐control study included 65 patients with AA and 65 matched healthy controls. A real‐time PCR technique was used to measure the expression of miR‐200c‐3p for both groups. Bioinformatic tools were used for prediction with genes and gene‐gene interaction, and protein‐protein interaction.ResultsThe expression levels of miR‐200c‐3p were significantly higher in AA patients than in healthy controls. We predicted that miR‐200c‐3p plays a markable role in the development of AA by its effect on the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance pathway.ConclusionWe were able to identify the influence of miR‐200c‐3p on both PLCG1 and RPS6KP1 genes which in turn regulate the EGFR tyrosine kinases resistance pathway that displayed the most substantial increase in activity. Our outcomes shed light on the era of the potential theranostic role of this innovative miRNA in AA.
PIEZO ion channels: force sensors of the interoceptive nervous system
Authors: Hamed Yasmeen M. F. , Ghosh Britya , Marshall Kara L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany organs are designed to move: the heart pumps each second, the gastrointestinal tract squeezes and churns to digest food, and we contract and relax skeletal muscles to move our bodies. Sensory neurons of the peripheral nervous system detect signals from bodily tissues, including the forces generated by these movements, to control physiology. The processing of these internal signals is called interoception, but this is a broad term that includes a wide variety of both chemical and mechanical sensory processes. Mechanical senses are understudied, but rapid progress has been made in the last decade, thanks in part to the discovery of the mechanosensory PIEZO ion channels (Coste et al., 2010). The role of these mechanosensors within the interoceptive nervous system is the focus of this review. In defining the transduction molecules that govern mechanical interoception, we will have a better grasp of how these signals drive physiology.
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A Semi-Analytical Rate-Transient Analysis Model for Fractured Horizontal Well in Tight Reservoirs Under Multiphase Flow Conditions
Authors: Tian Jianquan , Yuan Bin , Li Jinchang , Zhang Wei , Ghanbarnezhad Moghanloo Rouzbeh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rate-transient analysis (RTA) has been widely applied to extract reservoir/fracture properties using analytical and semi-analytical methods with simplifying assumptions. However, current RTA models may lead to misdiagnosis of flow regimes and incorrect estimates of reservoir/fracture information when complex fracture networks, multiphase flow, and pressure-dependent properties occur in tight reservoirs simultaneously. A semi-analytical model is developed to account for multiphase flow, complex fracture networks, and pressure-dependent properties. The technique uses the black oil formulation and butterfly model to determine three nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that describe the flow of oil, gas, and water in the reservoir with a complex fracture network. A modified Boltzmann variable considering the heterogeneity of the complex fracture network is proposed to convert the fluid flow PDEs to a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that can be solved through the Runge–Kutta method. A new rate-transient analysis workflow is also developed to improve flow regime identification (ID) and the accuracy of tight oil reservoirs with complex fracture networks. It is applied to a synthetic case with an equivalently modeled complex fracture network and multiphase flow. The estimated fracture properties are in excellent agreement with model inputs.
Trehalose Improved 20-min Cycling Time-Trial Performance After 100-min Cycling in Amateur Cyclists
Authors: de Oliveira Nathan Gobbi , de Oliveira Luana Farias , da Silva Rafael Pires , Oliveira Tamires Nunes , Möller Gabriella Berwig , Murasaki Juliana , Ramires Manoel Antônio , Azevedo Rafael de Almeida , Artioli Guilherme Giannini , Roschel Hamilton , Gualano Bruno , Saunders Bryan 
Published: March 2024

Carbohydrate (CHO) supplementation during endurance exercise can improve performance. However, it is unclear whether low glycemic index (GI) CHO leads to differential ergogenic and metabolic effects compared with a standard high GI CHO. This study investigated the ergogenic and metabolic effects of CHO supplementation with distinct GIs, namely, (a) trehalose (30 g/hr), (b) isomaltulose (30 g/hr), (c) maltodextrin (60 g/hr), and (d) placebo (water). In this double-blind, crossover, counterbalanced, placebo-controlled study, 13 male cyclists cycled a total of 100 min at varied exercise intensity (i.e., 10-min stages at 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 W/kg; repeated three times plus two 5-min stages at 1.0 W/kg before and after the protocol), followed by a 20-min time trial on four separated occasions. Blood glucose and lactate (every 20 min), heart rate, and ratings of perceived exertion were collected throughout, and muscle biopsies were taken before and immediately after exercise. The results showed that trehalose improved time-trial performance compared with placebo (total work done 302 ± 39 vs. 287 ± 48 kJ; p = .01), with no other differences between sessions (all p ≥ .07). Throughout the 100-min protocol, blood glucose was higher with maltodextrin compared with the other supplements at all time points (all p < .05). Heart rate, ratings of perceived exertion, muscle glycogen content, blood glucose, and lactate were not different between conditions when considering the 20-min time trial (all p > .05). Trehalose supplementation throughout endurance exercise improved cycling performance and appears to be an appropriate CHO source for exercise tasks up to 2 hr. No ergogenic superiority between the different types of CHO was established.
Plantar Flexor Muscle Activity and Fascicle Behavior in Gastrocnemius Medialis During Running in Highly Cushioned Shoes With Carbon-Fiber Plates
Authors: Hata Keiichiro , Hamamura Yuta , Noro Hiroaki , Yamazaki Yohei , Nagato Shunsuke , Kanosue Kazuyuki , Yanagiya Toshio 
Published: March 2024

The purposes of this study were to clarify the electromyography (EMG) of plantar flexors and to analyze the fascicle and tendon behaviors of the gastrocnemius medialis (GM) during running in the carbon-fiber plate embedded in thicker midsole racing shoes, such as the Nike ZoomX Vaporfly (VF) and traditional racing shoes (TRAD). We compared the fascicle and series elastic element behavior of the GM and EMG of the lower limb muscles during running (14 km/h, 45 s) in athletes wearing VF or TRAD. GM EMGs in the push-off phase were approximately 50% lower in athletes wearing VF than in TRAD. Although the series elastic element behavior and/or mean fascicle-shortening velocity during the entire stance phase were not significantly different between VF and TRAD, a significant difference was found in both the mean EMG and integral EMG of the GM during the push-off phase. EMG of the gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) during the first half of the push-off phase was significantly different between VF and TRAD. Present results suggest that VF facilitates running propulsion, resulting in a decrease in GM and GL EMGs at a given running velocity during the push-off phase, leading to a reduction in metabolic cost.
Functional analysis of feedback inhibition-insensitive aspartate kinase identified in a threonine-accumulating mutant of
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Isogai Shota , Nishimura Akira , Inoue Akiko , Sonohara Shino , Tsugukuni Takashi , Okada Tomoyuki , Takagi Hiroshi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Humans and mammals need to ingest essential amino acids (EAAs) for protein synthesis. In addition to their importance as nutrients, EAAs are involved in brain homeostasis. However, elderly people are unable to efficiently consume EAAs from their daily diet due to reduced appetite and variations in the contents of EAAs in foods. On the other hand, strains of the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
that accumulate EAAs would enable elderly people to intakegest adequate amounts of EAAs and thus might slow down the neurodegenerative process, contributing to the extension of their healthy lifespan. In this study, we isolated a mutant (strain HNV-5) that accumulates threonine, an EAA, derived from a diploid laboratory yeast by conventional mutagenesis. Strain HNV-5 carries a novel mutation in the
HOM3
gene encoding the Ala462Thr variant of aspartate kinase (AK). Enzymatic analysis revealed that the Ala462Thr substitution significantly decreased the sensitivity of AK activity to threonine feedback inhibition even in the presence of 50 mM threonine. Interestingly, Ala462Thr substitution did not affect the catalytic ability of Hom3, in contrast to previously reported amino acid substitutions that resulted in reduced sensitivity to threonine feedback inhibition. Furthermore, yeast cells expressing the Ala462Thr variant showed an approximately threefold increase in intracellular threonine content compared to that of the wild-type Hom3. These findings will be useful for the development of threonine-accumulating yeast strains that may improve the quality of life in elderly people.

IMPORTANCE

For humans and mammals, essential amino acids (EAAs) play an important role in maintaining brain function. Therefore, increasing the intake of EAAs by using strains of the yeast
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
that accumulate EAAs may inhibit neurodegeneration in elderly people and thus contribute to extending healthy lifespan and improving their quality of life. Threonine, an EAA, is synthesized from aspartate. Aspartate kinase (AK) catalyzes the first step in threonine biosynthesis and is subject to allosteric regulation by threonine. Here, we isolated a threonine-accumulating mutant of
S. cerevisiae
by conventional mutagenesis and identified a mutant gene encoding a novel variant of AK. In contrast to previously isolated variants, the Hom3 variant exhibited AK activity that was insensitive to feedback inhibition by threonine but retained its catalytic ability. This resulted in increased production of threonine in yeast. These findings open up the possibility for the rational design of AK to increase threonine productivity in yeast.
Draft genome sequence of
Vibrio diabolicus
isolated from the starlet sea anemone
Nematostella vectensis
Authors: Krueger Quinton , Reitzel Adam 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Nematostella vectensis
has grown as a model organism for investigating host–bacteria interactions. Here, we report the full genome of
Vibrio diabolicus
NVE-VD1, an isolate from
N. vectensis
from the South Carolina Baruch Estuarine Reserve.
Isolation and genomic characterization of S
taphylococcus aureus
bacteriophages from Chennai, India
Authors: Deepak Shankaregowdanakopalu Jagadeesh , Kannan Porteen , Savariraj Wilfred Ruban , S Anbazhagan , Ayyasamy Elango , Tuticorin Maragatham Alagesan Senthil Kumar , Ravindran Narendra Babu , Sundaram Sureshkannan , Mohanadasse Nithya Quintoil , Shippy Teresa D. , Cull Charley A. , Levent Gizem , Amachawadi Raghavendra G. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

We isolated and characterized two lytic bacteriophages against
Staphylococcus aureus
named TANUVAS_MVC-VPHSA1 and TANUVAS_MVC-VPHSA2, with the aim of investigating their genomic and structural features. The bacteriophages belong to the Caudoviricetes, and their genomes have sizes of 50,505 and 50,516 base pairs with a GC content of 41.4%.
Unitarity bounds on the massive spin-2 particle explanation of muon $$g-2$$ anomaly
Authors: Huang Da , Geng Chao-Qiang , Wu Jiajun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivated by the long-standing discrepancy between the Standard Model prediction and the experimental measurement of the muon magnetic dipole moment, we have recently proposed to interpret this muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly in terms of the loop effect induced by a new massive spin-2 field G. In the present paper, we investigate the unitarity bounds on this scenario. We calculate the s-wave projected amplitudes for two-body elastic scatterings of charged leptons and photons mediated by G at high energies for all possible initial and final helicity states. By imposing the condition of the perturbative unitarity, we obtain the analytic constraints on the charged-lepton-G and photon-G couplings. We then apply our results to constrain the parameter space relevant to the explanation of the muon $$g-2$$

g
-
2

anomaly.
Effects of underlying topology on quantum state discrimination
Authors: Khan Aatif Kaisar , Dar Yasir Hassan , Vagenas Elias C. , Wani Salman Sajad , Al-Kuwari Saif , Faizal Mir 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, we show that quantum state discrimination can be modified due to a change in the underlying topology of a system. In particular, we explicitly demonstrate that the quantum state discrimination of systems with underlying discrete topology differs from that of systems with underlying continuous topology. Such changes in the topology of a spacetime can occur in certain quantum gravity approaches. In fact, all approaches to quantum gravity can be classified into two types: those with underlying continuous topology (such as string theory) and those with an underlying discrete topology (such as loop quantum gravity). We demonstrate that the topology of these two types of quantum gravity approaches has different effects on the quantum state discrimination of low-energy quantum systems. We also show that any modification of quantum mechanics, which does not change the underlying topology, does not modify quantum state discrimination.
The interplay of machine learning-based resonant anomaly detection methods
Authors: Golling Tobias , Kasieczka Gregor , Krause Claudius , Mastandrea Radha , Nachman Benjamin , Raine John Andrew , Sengupta Debajyoti , Shih David , Sommerhalder Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMachine learning-based anomaly detection (AD) methods are promising tools for extending the coverage of searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM). One class of AD methods that has received significant attention is resonant anomaly detection, where the BSM physics is assumed to be localized in at least one known variable. While there have been many methods proposed to identify such a BSM signal that make use of simulated or detected data in different ways, there has not yet been a study of the methods’ complementarity. To this end, we address two questions. First, in the absence of any signal, do different methods pick the same events as signal-like? If not, then we can significantly reduce the false-positive rate by comparing different methods on the same dataset. Second, if there is a signal, are different methods fully correlated? Even if their maximum performance is the same, since we do not know how much signal is present, it may be beneficial to combine approaches. Using the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Olympics dataset, we provide quantitative answers to these questions. We find that there are significant gains possible by combining multiple methods, which will strengthen the search program at the LHC and beyond.