bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duplication of the long arm of chromosome 13 secondary to a recombination in a maternal intrachromosomal insertion (shift)
Authors: Vekemans M. , Morichon‐Delvallez N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA rare chromosomal aberration consisting of a chromosomal shift was found in a woman who had prenatal diagnosis because she had previously had a malformed girl with phenotypic features compatible with the diagnosis of Patau syndrome. Chromosome analysis using G, C, and NOR banding showed a direct intrachromosomal insertion of bands 13q12 to 13q14 onto the short arm of chromosome 13 at band 13p13. We discuss this observation and compare it with other published reports of chromosomal shifts.
Blood chemistry of human fetuses in the second and third trimesters
Authors: Legras B. , Clerc C. , Ruelland A. , Vialard J. , Millon J. , Cloarec L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix biochemical parameters and four enzyme activities were determined from the serum of 76 healthy and 56 pathological human fetuses between the 20th and 38th week of pregnancy. In the normal fetuses studied within that period, creatinine, immunoglobulin M, lactate dehydrogenase, and gamma‐glutamyltransferase increased; haemoglobin F and glucose progressively decreased; and alkaline phosphatase was at a peak around the 26th week; cholesterol and triglycerides were always low. The same parameters were also measured in some of the pathological fetuses and compared with their normal counterparts.
Catamenial hemoptysis from endobronchial endometriosis in a child with type 1 von Willebrand disease
Authors: Martire Baldassarre , Loizzi Michele , Cimmino Antonietta , Peruzzi Sonia , De Mattia Delia , Giordano Paola 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCatamenial hemoptysis is a rare condition characterized by cyclic pulmonary hemorrhage, synchronous with menses and associated with the presence of intrapulmonary or endobronchial endometrial tissue. Because of the paucity of cases reported in the literature, information regarding the natural history is limited and also the optimal diagnostic workup and management of these patients are not well defined. In this report, we present a case of endobronchial endometriosis in a 12‐year‐old female diagnosed by bronchoscopy and immunocytochemical assay, associated with type 1 von Willebrand disease. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:386–388. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Internet and written respiratory questionnaires yield equivalent results for adolescents
Authors: Raat H. , Mangunkusumo R.T. , Mohangoo A.D. , Juniper E.F. , Van Der Lei J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study compared results from Internet and written questionnaires about respiratory symptoms in order to find out if both forms of the survey yielded the same answers. One thousand seventy‐one students, ages 13 to 17, were asked to complete either an Internet or a written questionnaire. The demographic characteristics of the participants equalled those of the general Dutch adolescent population. Participants were randomly assigned to fill out an electronic or written questionnaire. In addition to eight items from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire, two items on doctor visits (medical attention) regarding asthma or allergic disease during the past 12 months were included. The participation rate was 87%. The Internet version of the questionnaire showed fewer missing answers than the written version, but this was not statistically significant. The respiratory items did not show statistically significant score differences between the Internet and written modes of administration, and there was no visible trend for higher respectively lower scores by either mode of questionnaire administration. From these results, we conclude that respiratory questionnaires may be provided to adolescents electronically rather than on paper, since both approaches yielded equal results. To generalize these findings, we recommend repeated studies in other settings. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:357–361. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binding of antifusion peptides with HIVgp41 from molecular dynamics simulations: Quantitative correlation with experiment
Authors: Strockbine Bentley , Rizzo Robert C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPeptides based on C‐terminal regions of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral protein gp41 represent an important new class of antiviral therapeutics called peptide fusion inhibitors. In this study, computational methods were used to model the binding of six peptides that contain residues that pack into a conserved hydrophobic pocket on HIVgp41, an attractive target site for the development of small molecule inhibitors. Free energies of binding were computed using molecular mechanics Generalized Born surface area (MM‐GBSA) methods from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which employed either explicit (TIP3P) or continuum Generalized Born (GB) water models and strong correlations between experimental and computational affinities were obtained in both cases. Energy decomposition of the TIP3P‐MD results (r2 = 0.75) reveals that variation in experimental affinity is highly correlated with changes in intermolecular van der Waals energies (ΔEvdw) on both a local (residue‐based, r2 = 0.94) and global (peptide‐based, r2 = 0.84) scale. The results show that differential association of C‐peptides with HIVgp41 is driven solely by changes within the conserved pocket supporting the hypothesis that this region is an important drug target site. Such strong agreement with experiment is notable given the large size of the ligands (34 amino‐acids) relative to the small range of experimental affinities (2 kcal/mol) and demonstrates good sensitivity of this computational method for simulating peptide fusion inhibitors. Finally, inspection of simulation trajectories identified a highly populated π‐type hydrogen bond, which formed between Gln575 on the receptor and the aromatic ring of peptide ligand Phe631, which could have important implications for drug design. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Recent Applications of Biotechnology in Wine Production
Authors: Colagrande O. , Silva A. , Fumi M. D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOver the last 20 years wine‐making technology has seen remarkable developments, which have improved the quality of the wines produced and have also made it possible to prepare wines with a range of characteristics. In this field, some biotechnological techniques have been of fundamental importance. Among these technological innovations, enzymic treatments, selected yeasts, improvement of microbial starters, and microorganism immobilization are reviewed here. A concise report is presented on the possibilities offered by enzymes that catalyze the transformation of polysaccharides, proteins, and polyphenols. We illustrate the importance of the characteristics of wine yeast and of a genetic improvement program for the wine industry, as well as the complexity of the genetic modifications of commercial wine yeast strains. We summarize the research on the optimization of new processes such as the use of immobilized microorganisms and cell‐recycle batch fermentation in the preparation of wines and sparkling wines.
Measurement of Unequal DNA Partitioning in Tetrahymena pyriformis Using Slit‐Scanning Flow Cytometry
Authors: Sweeney Pamela J. , Srienc Friedrich , Fredrickson A. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSlit‐scanning flow cytometry allows analysis of the locations of components along the long axes of cells. This is useful in determining how the components of a dividing cell are partitioned into the two daughter cells. Ciliated protozoa, unlike most eukaryotic cells, do not partition their DNA equally between daughter cells. We have used slit‐scanning flow cytometry to measure the distribution of this unequal DNA partitioning in the ciliate Tetrahymena pyriformis. Our results show that the difference in the amounts of DNA alloted to sister nuclei varies from cell to cell but, on the average, increases with the DNA content of the mother cell. However, the average difference in the fraction of the mother cell DNA partitioned to each daughter cell is more or less independent of the DNA content of the mother cell and is about 8.5% of that DNA content. Slit‐scanning flow cytometry also allows determination of the DNA distributions of dividing and newborn cells, determinations that are difficult to make with good statistical precision by other means. The measured newborn and dividing cell DNA distributions are broad, and this must be the result of repeated rounds of unequal partitioning of DNA.
Biotreatment of a Point‐Source Industrial Wastewater Arising in 3, 4‐Dichloroaniline Manufacture Using an Extractive Membrane Bioreactor
Authors: Brookes P. R. , Livingston A. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel membrane bioreactor has been used to detoxify an industrial “point‐source” wastewater containing aniline, 4‐chloroaniline (4CA), 2, 3‐dichloroaniline (23DCA), and 3, 4‐dichloroaniline (34DCA). This wastewater arises during the process of manufacturing 34DCA. Direct biological treatment of this wastewater is difficult without some form of pretreatment or dilution due to its inorganic composition. The reactor system described overcomes this problem by selectively extracting the anilines from the wastewater by means of a membrane separation step and transferring them into a biological growth compartment (biomedium) where they are biodegraded by specifically enriched microorganisms. This article reports the use of a membrane bioreactor configuration that uses shell and tube membrane modules linked to a CSTR bioreactor via a recirculating biomedium flow. The reactor system has successfully extracted and biodegraded the targeted pollutants from industrial wastewater samples over an operating period of 5 months with removal efficiencies of over 99% at wastewater residence times of less than 2 h.
Binding of Lysozyme onto a Cation‐Exchange Microporous Membrane Containing Tentacle‐Type Grafted Polymer Branches
Authors: Tsuneda Satoshi , Shinano Hironori , Saito Kyoichi , Furusaki Shintaro , Sugo Takanobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIon‐exchange adsorption of lysozyme to the sulfonic acid (SO3H) group on polymer chains grafted onto microporous polyethylene hollow‐fiber membranes was examined. The lysozyme solution was forced to permeate across the hollow fiber. Diversely anchored SO3H groups, i.e., SP and SS groups, were introduced into the membrane by reaction of the glycidyl methacrylate‐grafted membrane with propanesultone and sodium sulfite, respectively. The resulting SP and SS group‐containing membranes, designated as SP‐T and SS‐T fibers, respectively, had 95 and 77 % water flux of the original membrane, respectively. The binding capacity of lysozyme as a function of the SO3H group density was compared between the SP‐T and SS‐T fibers from measurement of the ion‐exchange breakthrough curves during the permeation of lysozyme solution across the SP‐T and SS‐T fibers. The binding capacity of lysozyme to the SP‐T fiber remained constant, independent of the SP group density, whereas that to the SS‐T fiber increased linearly with increasing SS group density. This difference was explained by means of a model whereby lysozyme adheres onto the SP group‐containing grafted polymer branches, while the SS group‐containing grafted polymer branches hold lysozyme in a tentacle‐like manner.
Monoclonal Antibody Process Development Using Medium Concentrates
Authors: Bibila Theodora A. , Ranucci Colette S. , Glazomitsky Konstantin , Buckland Barry C. , Aunins John G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA fed‐batch process using concentrated medium was evaluated for its ability to improve cell culture longevity and final monoclonal antibody (MAb) titers for two monoclonal antibody producing cell lines. It was found to result in up to 7‐fold increases in final antibody titers compared to batch culture controls. Although the development of cell line specific fed‐batch protocols is critical to the development of cost‐efficient largescale production processes, the use of complete medium concentrates provided us with a quick and simple method for producing large quantities of antibodies in the early stages of process development, thus accelerating early work on purification process development, analytical development, biochemical characterization, and safety studies. Insights gained from the concentrated medium fed‐batch approach were valuable for the development of refined, cell line specific feeding strategies yielding final MAb titers on the order of 1–2 g/L. Process development data on the effects of inhibitory growth byproducts, medium osmolarity, and the mode of nutrient feed addition on culture longevity and MAb production and information on culture metabolic behavior were successfully incorporated in the development of the optimized fed‐batch protocols.
Reduction of Nonselective Adsorption of Proteins by Hydrophilization of Microfiltration Membranes by Radiation‐Induced Grafting
Authors: Kim Min , Kojima Jun , Saito Kyoichi , Furusaki Shintaro , Sugo Takanobu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlcoholic hydroxyl groups were introduced into a polyethylene microfiltration (MF) membrane by radiation‐induced graft polymerization of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), vinyl acetate (VAc), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). Subsequently, the VAc‐ and GMA‐grafted membranes were quantitatively hydrolyzed into monool (single hydroxyl) and diol groups, respectively. The pure water flux of the modified membrane and the saturation capacity of bovine γ‐globulin onto the membrane were determined as a function of alcoholic hydroxyl group density. The threshold value for hydrophilization ranged between 5 and 7 mol of alcoholic hydroxyl group per kilogram of original MF membrane. Masking of the polyethylene surface with grafted polymer branches containing the diol groups was effective because approximately 70% of the pure water flux of the original MF membrane was maintained. Irrespective of the pore diameter of the original MF membrane, saturation capacities on the modified membrane correlated well with the diol group density. Saturation capacities of bovine γ‐globulin and bovine serum albumin were reduced to 1 mg/m2 of the membrane. In addition, the binding interaction changed from irreversible to reversible.
Enhanced Productivity through Gratuitous Induction in Recombinant Yeast Fermentations
Authors: Napp Scott J. , Da Silva Nancy A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe advantages of gratuitous induction for GAL‐regulated cloned gene (lacZ) product synthesis were evaluated for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The growth, yield, and productivity of a gratuitous (gal1) strain were compared with those of an otherwise isogenic, nongratuitous (GAL1) strain. Batch studies clearly demonstrated the improvements possible in product synthesis when the inducer is not metabolized by the yeast cells; both β‐galactosidase specific and volumetric activities were superior for the gal1 strain. At equivalent metabolizable sugar concentrations, the productivity of the gratuitous strain exceeded that of the nongratuitous strain by 180%. The effects of initial inducer concentration and induction time were also examined. For the gratuitous strain, galactose:glucose ratios as low as 0.1 still gave maximum β‐galactosidase volumetric activity. A 5‐fold higher ratio was necessary for full induction with the nongratuitous strain, and productivity was substantially lower relative to the gal1 strain. A comparison of various times for galactose addition indicated that productivity is highest when the gratuitous culture is induced for the entire batch fermentation.
Nanobiotechnology: Protein‐Nanomaterial Interactions
Authors: Kane Ravi S. , Stroock Abraham D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe review recent research that involves the interaction of nanomaterials such as nanoparticles, nanowires, and carbon nanotubes with proteins. We begin with a focus on the fundamentals of the structure and function of proteins on nanomaterials. We then review work in three areas that exploit these interactions: (1) sensing, (2) assembly of nanomaterials by proteins and proteins by nanomaterials, and (3) interactions with cells. We conclude with the identification of challenges and opportunities for the future.
Actin Dynamics in Papilla Cells of Brassica rapa during Self- and Cross-Pollination
Authors: Iwano Megumi , Shiba Hiroshi , Matoba Kyoko , Miwa Teruhiko , Funato Miyuki , Entani Tetsuyuki , Nakayama Pulla , Shimosato Hiroko , Takaoka Akio , Isogai Akira , Takayama Seiji 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The self-incompatibility system of the plant species Brassica is controlled by the S-locus, which contains S-RECEPTOR KINASE (SRK) and S-LOCUS PROTEIN11 (SP11). SP11 binding to SRK induces SRK autophosphorylation and initiates a signaling cascade leading to the rejection of self pollen. However, the mechanism controlling hydration and germination arrest during self-pollination is unclear. In this study, we examined the role of actin, a key cytoskeletal component regulating the transport system for hydration and germination in the papilla cell during pollination. Using rhodamine-phalloidin staining, we showed that cross-pollination induced actin polymerization, whereas self-pollination induced actin reorganization and likely depolymerization. By monitoring transiently expressed green fluorescent protein fused to the actin-binding domain of mouse talin, we observed the concentration of actin bundles at the cross-pollen attachment site and actin reorganization and likely depolymerization at the self-pollen attachment site; the results correspond to those obtained by rhodamine-phalloidin staining. We further showed that the coat of self pollen is sufficient to mediate this response. The actin-depolymerizing drug cytochalasin D significantly inhibited pollen hydration and germination during cross-pollination, further emphasizing a role for actin in these processes. Additionally, three-dimensional electron microscopic tomography revealed the close association of the actin cytoskeleton with an apical vacuole network. Self-pollination disrupted the vacuole network, whereas cross-pollination led to vacuolar rearrangements toward the site of pollen attachment. Taken together, our data suggest that self- and cross-pollination differentially affect the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, leading to changes in vacuolar structure associated with hydration and germination.
The Mismatch Repair Protein MLH1 Marks a Subset of Strongly Interfering Crossovers in Tomato
Authors: Lhuissier Franck G.P. , Offenberg Hildo H. , Wittich Peter E. , Vischer Norbert O.E. , Heyting Christa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn most eukaryotes, the prospective chromosomal positions of meiotic crossovers are marked during meiotic prophase by protein complexes called late recombination nodules (LNs). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), a cytological recombination map has been constructed based on LN positions. We demonstrate that the mismatch repair protein MLH1 occurs in LNs. We determined the positions of MLH1 foci along the 12 tomato chromosome pairs (bivalents) during meiotic prophase and compared the map of MLH1 focus positions with that of LN positions. On all 12 bivalents, the number of MLH1 foci was ∼70% of the number of LNs. Bivalents with zero MLH1 foci were rare, which argues against random failure of detecting MLH1 in the LNs. We inferred that there are two types of LNs, MLH1-positive and MLH1-negative LNs, and that each bivalent gets an obligate MLH1-positive LN. The two LN types are differently distributed along the bivalents. Furthermore, cytological interference among MLH1 foci was much stronger than interference among LNs, implying that MLH1 marks the positions of a subset of strongly interfering crossovers. Based on the distances between MLH1 foci or LNs, we propose that MLH1-positive and MLH1-negative LNs stem from the same population of weakly interfering precursors.
Two Host-Induced
Ralstonia solanacearum
Genes,
acrA
and
dinF
, Encode Multidrug Efflux Pumps and Contribute to Bacterial Wilt Virulence
Authors: Brown Darby G. , Swanson Jill K. , Allen Caitilyn 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

Multidrug efflux pumps (MDRs) are hypothesized to protect pathogenic bacteria from toxic host defense compounds. We created mutations in the
Ralstonia solanacearum acrA
and
dinF
genes, which encode putative MDRs in the broad-host-range plant pathogen. Both mutations reduced the ability of
R. solanacearum
to grow in the presence of various toxic compounds, including antibiotics, phytoalexins, and detergents. Both
acrAB
and
dinF
mutants were significantly less virulent on the tomato plant than the wild-type strain. Complementation restored near-wild-type levels of virulence to both mutants. Addition of either
dinF
or
acrAB
to
Escherichia coli
MDR mutants KAM3 and KAM32 restored the resistance of these strains to several toxins, demonstrating that the
R. solanacearum
genes can function heterologously to complement known MDR mutations. Toxic and DNA-damaging compounds induced expression of
acrA
and
dinF
, as did growth in both susceptible and resistant tomato plants. Carbon limitation also increased expression of
acrA
and
dinF
, while the stress-related sigma factor RpoS was required at a high cell density (>10
7
CFU/ml) to obtain wild-type levels of
acrA
expression both in minimal medium and in planta. The type III secretion system regulator HrpB negatively regulated
dinF
expression in culture at high cell densities. Together, these results show that
acrAB
and
dinF
encode MDRs in
R. solanacearum
and that they contribute to the overall aggressiveness of this phytopathogen, probably by protecting the bacterium from the toxic effects of host antimicrobial compounds.
Acidobacteria
Phylum Sequences in Uranium-Contaminated Subsurface Sediments Greatly Expand the Known Diversity within the Phylum
Authors: Barns Susan M. , Cain Elizabeth C. , Sommerville Leslie , Kuske Cheryl R. 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

The abundance and composition of bacteria of the phylum
Acidobacteria
were surveyed in subsurface sediments from uranium-contaminated sites using amplification of 16S rRNA genes followed by clone/sequence analysis. Analysis of sequences from this study and public databases produced a revised and greatly expanded phylogeny of the
Acidobacteria
phylum consisting of 26 subgroups.
Characterization of Extended-Host-Range Pseudo-T-Even Bacteriophage Kpp95 Isolated on
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Wu Lii-Tzu , Chang Shu-Ying , Yen Ming-Ren , Yang Tsuey-Ching , Tseng Yi-Hsiung 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACT

Kpp95, isolated on
Klebsiella pneumoniae
, is a bacteriophage with the morphology of T4-type phages and is capable of rapid lysis of host cells. Its double-stranded genomic DNA (ca. 175 kb, estimated by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) can be cut only by restriction endonucleases with a cleavage site flanked either by A and T or by T, as tested, suggesting that it contains the modified derivative(s) of G and/or C. Over 26 protein bands were visualized upon sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the virion proteins. N-terminal sequencing indicated that the most abundant band (46 kDa) is the major coat protein (gp23) which has been cleaved from a signal peptide likely with a length similar to that of T4. Phylogenetic analyses based on the sequences of the central region (263 amino acid residues) of gp23 and the full length of gp18 and gp19 placed Kpp95 among the pseudo-T-even subgroup, most closely related to the coliphage JS98. In addition to being able to lyse many extended-spectrum β-lactamase strains of
K. pneumoniae
, Kpp95 can lyse
Klebsiella oxytoca
,
Enterobacter agglomerans
, and
Serratia marcescens
cells. Thus, Kpp95 deserves further studies for development as a component of a therapeutic cocktail, owing to its high efficiencies of host lysis plus extended host range.