bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Service user organisations: an untapped teaching resource
Authors: diMambro Ben J. , Doody Gillian A. 
Published: January 2009

Aims and MethodTo evaluate the introduction of service user-led teaching on experiences of psychiatric services and interview style into the educational programme of trainee psychiatrists. A ten-session programme was devised and delivered in conjunction with a local service user organisation. Twelve trainees underwent the training programme. Evaluation was undertaken through analysis of the feedback forms completed by the trainees.ResultsNo significant difference was found between service user-led and psychiatrist-led sessions in content, relevance or presentation.Clinical ImplicationsThe study demonstrated that service user-led teaching can be integrated into a trainee's education programme without reducing the perceived quality or relevance of their education.
Pathophysiological Importance of Thyroid Hormone Transporters
Authors: Heuer Heike , Visser Theo J. 
Published: January 2009

Thyroid hormone metabolism and action are largely intracellular events that require transport of iodothyronines across the plasma membrane. It has been assumed for a long time that this occurs by passive diffusion, but it has become increasingly clear that cellular uptake and efflux of thyroid hormone is mediated by transporter proteins. Recently, several active and specific thyroid hormone transporters have been identified, including monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8), MCT10, and organic anion transporting polypeptide 1C1 (OATP1C1). The latter is expressed predominantly in brain capillaries and transports preferentially T4, whereas MCT8 and MCT10 are expressed in multiple tissues and are capable of transporting different iodothyronines. The pathophysiological importance of thyroid hormone transporters has been established by the demonstration of MCT8 mutations in patients with severe psychomotor retardation and elevated serum T3 levels. MCT8 appears to play an important role in the transport of thyroid hormone in the brain, which is essential for the crucial action of the hormone during brain development. It is expected that more specific thyroid hormone transporters will be discovered in the near future, which will lead to a better understanding of the tissue-specific regulation of thyroid hormone bioavailability.Specific thyroid hormone transporters may be discovered in the near future, leading to a better understanding of the tissue-specific regulation of thyroid hormone bioavailability.
cAMP-Dependent Posttranscriptional Regulation of Steroidogenic Acute Regulatory (STAR) Protein by the Zinc Finger Protein ZFP36L1/TIS11b
Authors: Duan Haichuan , Cherradi Nadia , Feige Jean-Jacques , Jefcoate Colin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractStar is expressed in steroidogenic cells as 3.5- and 1.6-kb transcripts that differ only in their 3′-untranslated regions (3′-UTR). In mouse MA10 testis and Y-1 adrenal lines, Br-cAMP preferentially stimulates 3.5-kb mRNA. ACTH is similarly selective in primary bovine adrenocortical cells. The 3.5-kb form harbors AU-rich elements (AURE) in the extended 3′-UTR, which enhance turnover. After peak stimulation of 3.5-kb mRNA, degradation is seen. Star mRNA turnover is enhanced by the zinc finger protein ZFP36L1/TIS11b, which binds to UAUUUAUU repeats in the extended 3′-UTR. TIS11b is rapidly stimulated in each cell type in parallel with Star mRNA. Cotransfection of TIS11b selectively decreases cytomegalovirus-promoted Star mRNA and luciferase-Star 3′-UTR reporters harboring the extended 3′-UTR. Direct complex formation was demonstrated between TIS11b and the extended 3′-UTR of the 3.5-kb Star. AURE mutations revealed that TIS11b-mediated destabilization required the first two UAUUUAUU motifs. HuR, which also binds AURE, did not affect Star expression. Targeted small interfering RNA knockdown of TIS11b specifically enhanced stimulation of 3.5-kb Star mRNA in bovine adrenocortical cells, MA-10, and Y-1 cells but did not affect the reversals seen after peak stimulation. Direct transfection of Star mRNA demonstrated that Br-cAMP stimulated a selective turnover of 3.5-kb mRNA independent of AURE, which may correspond to these reversal processes. Steroidogenic acute regulatory (STAR) protein induction was halved by TIS11b knockdown, concomitant with decreased cholesterol metabolism. TIS11b suppression of 3.5-kb mRNA is therefore surprisingly coupled to enhanced Star translation leading to increased cholesterol metabolism.
Agonist-Independent Interactions between β-Arrestins and Mutant Vasopressin Type II Receptors Associated with Nephrogenic Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuresis
Authors: Kocan Martina , See Heng B. , Sampaio Natália G. , Eidne Karin A. , Feldman Brian J. , Pfleger Kevin D. G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractNephrogenic syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis is a recently identified genetic disease first described in two unrelated male infants with severe symptomatic hyponatremia. Despite undetectable arginine vasopressin levels, patients have inappropriately concentrated urine resulting in hyponatremia, hypoosmolality, and natriuresis. It was found that each infant had a different mutation of the vasopressin type II receptor (V2R) at codon 137 where arginine was converted to cysteine or leucine (R137C or R137L), resulting in constitutive signaling. Interestingly, a missense mutation at the same codon, converting arginine to histidine (R137H), leads to the opposite disease phenotype with a loss of the kidney’s ability to concentrate urine resulting in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. This mutation is associated with impaired signaling, although whether this is predominantly due to impaired trafficking to the plasma membrane, agonist-independent internalization, or G protein uncoupling is currently unclear. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer and confocal microscopy, we demonstrate that both V2R-R137C and V2R-R137L mutants interact with β-arrestins in an agonist-independent manner resulting in dynamin-dependent internalization. This phenotype is similar to that observed for V2R-R137H, which is intriguing considering that it is accompanied by constitutive rather than impaired signaling. Consequently, it would seem that agonist-independent internalization per se is unlikely to be the major determinant of impaired V2R-R137H signaling. Our findings indicate that the V2R-R137C and V2R-R137L mutants traffic considerably more efficiently to the plasma membrane than V2R-R137H, identifying this as a potentially important mutation-dependent difference affecting V2R function.
Do mitochondrial properties explain intraspecific variation in thermal tolerance?
Authors: Fangue Nann A. , Richards Jeffrey G. , Schulte Patricia M. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYAs global temperatures rise, there is a growing need to understand the physiological mechanisms that determine an organism's thermal niche. Here, we test the hypothesis that increases in mitochondrial capacity with cold acclimation and adaptation are associated with decreases in thermal tolerance using two subspecies of killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that differ in thermal niche. We assessed whole-organism metabolic rate, mitochondrial amount and mitochondrial function in killifish acclimated to several temperatures. Mitochondrial enzyme activities and mRNA levels were greater in fish from the northern subspecies, particularly in cold-acclimated fish,suggesting that the putatively cold-adapted northern subspecies has a greater capacity for increases in mitochondrial amount in response to cold acclimation. When tested at the fish's acclimation temperature, maximum ADP-stimulated (State III) rates of mitochondrial oxygen consumption in vitro were greater in cold-acclimated northern fish than in southern fish but did not differ between subspecies at higher acclimation temperatures. Whole-organism metabolic rate was greater in fish of the northern subspecies at all acclimation temperatures. Cold acclimation also changed the response of mitochondrial respiration to acute temperature challenge. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption was greater in cold-acclimated northern fish than in southern fish at low test temperatures, but the opposite was true at high test temperatures. These differences were reflected in whole-organism oxygen consumption. Our data indicate that the plasticity of mitochondrial function and amount differs between killifish subspecies, with the less high-temperature tolerant, and putatively cold adapted, northern subspecies having greater ability to increase mitochondrial capacity in the cold. However, there were few differences in mitochondrial properties between subspecies at warm acclimation temperatures, despite differences in both whole-organism oxygen consumption and thermal tolerance at these temperatures.
Innate or learned acoustic recognition of avian predators in rodents?
Authors: Kindermann Teresa , Siemers Björn M. , Fendt Markus 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYCalls of avian predators potentially predict danger for murine rodents. Indeed, exposure of field-experienced rodents to owl calls induces defensive behavior suggesting that recognition of vocalizations of avian predators is innate. To address this hypothesis, we investigated whether laboratory-reared and predator-naive rodents (mice, gerbils, rats) express defensive behavior in response to calls of different avian predators but we observed no such defensive behavior. We then asked whether the calls of avian predators are faster or better learned as a danger-predicting cue than the calls of avian non-predators. All calls could be learned as danger-predicting cues, but we found no differences in the speed or strength of the learning. Taken together,our results suggest that there is no innate recognition of the calls of avian predators in murine rodents and that the recognition of the calls of avian predators observed in field-experienced rodents is acquired by learning.
Numerical investigation of the hydrodynamics of anguilliform swimming in the transitional and inertial flow regimes
Authors: Borazjani Iman , Sotiropoulos Fotis 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYWe employ numerical simulation to investigate the hydrodynamic performance of anguilliform locomotion and compare it with that of carangiform swimming as the Reynolds number (Re) and the tail-beat frequency (Strouhal number, St) are systematically varied. The virtual swimmer is a 3-D lamprey-like flexible body undulating with prescribed experimental kinematics of anguilliform type. Simulations are carried out for three Reynolds numbers spanning the transitional and inertial flow regimes, Re=300, 4000(viscous flow), and ∞ (inviscid flow). The net mean force is found to be mainly dependent on the tail-beat frequency rather than the tail-beat amplitude. The critical Strouhal number, St*, at which the net mean force becomes zero (constant-speed self-propulsion) is, similar to carangiform swimming, a decreasing function of Re and approaches the range of St numbers at which most anguilliform swimmers swim in nature (St∼0.45) only as Re increases. The anguilliform swimmer's force time series is characterized by significantly smaller fluctuations above the mean than that for carangiform swimmers. In stark contrast with carangiform swimmers, the propulsive efficiency of anguilliform swimmers at St* is not an increasing function of Re but instead is maximized in the transitional regime. Furthermore,the power required for anguilliform swimming is less than that for the carangiform swimmer at the same Re. We also show that the form drag decreases while viscous drag increases as St increases. Finally, our simulations reinforce our previous finding for carangiform swimmers that the 3-D wake structure depends primarily on the Strouhal number.
Physiological variation in amethyst sunbirds (Chalcomitra amethystina) over an altitudinal gradient in winter
Authors: Lindsay Claire V. , Downs Colleen T. , Brown Mark 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARY
Flexibility of metabolic rates within a species allows for the colonization of different habitats along an altitudinal and thus temperature gradient. The distribution range of amethyst sunbirds (Chalcomitra amethystina)within southern Africa includes an altitudinal gradient from the Drakensberg to the coast of KwaZulu-Natal. We expected that over this altitudinal gradient amethyst sunbirds would exhibit variation in winter metabolic rates,particularly basal metabolic rates (BMR) and resting metabolic rate (RMR) pre-and post-acclimation. Sunbirds from three locations, Underberg (1553 m above sea level; asl), Howick (1075 m asl) and Oribi Gorge (541 m asl) were used for this study. Upon capture, metabolic rate was measured indirectly by quantifying oxygen consumption(V̇O2) using flow-through respirometry, at 5 and 25°C. Birds were then acclimated at 25°C for 6 weeks on a 12 h:12 h L:D cycle. V̇O2 was measured post-acclimation at eight different temperatures (15, 5, 10, 20, 30, 28, 25 and 33°C). We found little variation in winter V̇O2 between individuals from the same locality, whereas significant variation was observed in V̇O2 at the same temperatures between individuals from the different localities and thus between altitudes. In particular, winter BMR decreased significantly with decreasing altitude post-acclimation. This study emphasizes the need to understand plasticity/flexibility in metabolic rates and to acknowledge altitudinal differences within a species, to make accurate predictions about the thermal physiology of a species and its responses to changes in ambient temperatures.
Frequency information in the vibration-cued escape hatching of red-eyed treefrogs
Authors: Caldwell Michael S. , McDaniel J. Gregory , Warkentin Karen M. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARY
Incidental acoustic and vibrational cues generated by predators are a potential source of information for prey assessing risk. Substrate vibrations should be excited by most predators, and frequency, amplitude or temporal properties could allow prey to distinguish predator from benign-source vibrations. Red-eyed treefrog embryos detect egg predators using vibrations excited during attacks, hatching rapidly and prematurely to escape. We recorded vibrations in egg clutches during attacks by five species of predators and three common types of benign physical disturbance. We analyzed their frequency distributions to assess if and how frequency properties could be used to discriminate between vibration sources and used vibration playbacks to examine the effects of frequency properties on the escape hatching response. Vibrations produced by predators and benign disturbances generally have broad and overlapping frequency distributions, and all frequencies excited by attacks are also excited by benign disturbances. Decision rules based on the frequency distribution of vibrations alone would therefore result in either high levels of hatching in response to benign vibrations (false alarms) or common failures to hatch in response to predators (missed cues). Nevertheless, embryos hatch in response to predator and not benign disturbances in nature, and our playback results show that vibration frequency information is an important component of their hatching decision. Embryos combine frequency with temporal information to refine their hatching response. Moreover, comparing frequency spectra of predator and benign vibrations suggests that the presence of energy in frequencies outside the range characteristic of attacks might serve as an indicator of benign disturbance.
The development of an ongoing monitoring and evaluation system in a NORC service organization
Authors: Cohen-Mansfield Jiska , Frank Julia K 
Published: January 2009

The objective of this study was to describe the development, utilization and utility of an ongoing evaluation of a system of coordinated services to persons living in two naturally occurring retirement communities (NORCs). The evaluation system includes service provision, service utilization and client satisfaction. It identifies trends in provided services and determines how services are utilized. A continuous monitoring system for reporting and quality improvement was developed with the four service agencies associated with the service provision system. The monthly data from each agency are compiled and distributed in the form of a report. The evaluation project was successful in tailoring the reporting system to each agency. Multiple issues arose with staff compliance in utilization of the system, but, overall, the system evaluation presents detailed feedback on the services provided and helps with continuing development, testing of new delivery models, planning, maximizing resource utilization, customer service, and attaining and sustaining funding. A system evaluation of an organization that provides services to a community is vital to optimizing frequency and quality of services. There are many ways to implement system evaluations. However, the use of electronic-based records increases the likelihood of maintaining and utilizing the system.
T Lymphocyte Maturation Is Impaired in Healthy Young Individuals Carrying Trisomy 21 (Down Syndrome)
Authors: Guazzarotti Laura , Trabattoni Daria , Castelletti Eleonora , Boldrighini Benedetta , Piacentini Luca , Duca Piergiorgio , Beretta Silvia , Pacei Michela , Caprio Cristiana , Vigan;ago Alessandra , di Natale Berardo , Zuccotti Gian Vincenzo , Clerici Mario 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCytokine production, immune activation, T lymphocytes maturation, and serum IL-7 concentration were examined in 24 youngsters with Down syndrome and no acquired diseases (healthy Down syndrome [12 prepubertal, 13 pubertal]) and 42 age- and gender-matched controls (20 prepubertal, 22 pubertal). Results showed that a complex immune and impairment is present in healthy individuals with Down syndrome in whom interferon gamma, interleukin (IL) IL-10 production, as well as serum IL-7 concentrations and activation markers-bearing T lymphocytes were significantly augmented. Additionally, a complex skewing of post-thymic lymphocyte maturation pathways was observed in patients: significant reduction of CD4+ and CD8+ naive (RA+CCR7+) lymphocytes, significant increase of CD4+ and CD8+ central memory (RA-CCR7+), and terminally differentiated (TD) (RA+CCR7−) lymphocytes.
Stressful Social Interactions Experienced by Adults With Mild Intellectual Disability
Authors: Hartley Sigan L. , MacLean William E. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Adults with intellectual disability are vulnerable to stressful social interactions. We determined frequency and severity of various stressful social interactions, identified the social partners in these interactions, and examined the specific interpersonal skill difficulties of 114 adults with mild intellectual disability. Participants' characteristic risk factors for stressful social interactions were also identified. Minor and unintentional negative actions of others had high frequency but low severity of stress. Serious and intentional negative actions of others had a low frequency but high severity of stress. Stressful social interactions with other people who have intellectual disability occurred frequently and had a high severity. Difficulty controlling aggression predicted stressful social interactions. Findings are beneficial to developers of interventions to decrease stressful social interactions.
Tropical invariants from the secondary fan
Authors: Katz Eric 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In this paper, we consider weighted counts of tropical plane curves of particular combinatorial type through a certain number of generic points. We give a criterion, effectively balancing, derived from tropical intersection theory on the secondary fan, for a weighted count to give a number invariant of the position of the points. By computing a certain intersection multiplicity, we determine which weighted counts in our approach replicates Mikhalkin's computation of Gromov–Witten invariants although we do not know if such a count is effectively balanced. This begins to address a question raised by Dickenstein, Feichtner, and Sturmfels. We also give a geometric interpretation of the numbers we produce involving Chow quotients, and provide a counterexample showing that the tropical Severi variety is not always supported on the secondary fan.
Quotients of projective spaces and spheres
Authors: Immervoll Stefan 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
In this paper we prove results on topological properties of quotients of manifolds, in particular of projective spaces and spheres. Specifically, under suitable conditions we exhibit results on homology and homotopy groups of these quotients. As an application we generalize the characterization of topological translation planes obtained by Löwen, Steinke, and Van Maldeghem in [Adv. Geom.: S59–S74, 2003] to all possible (finite) dimensions. Our approach also yields a more unified proof for this characterization result. Most of the results in this paper are obtained by means of standard results from algebraic topology.
Stringy E-functions of hypersurfaces and of Brieskorn singularities
Authors: Schepers Jan , Veys Willem 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We show that for a hypersurface Batyrev's stringy E-function can be seen as a residue of the Hodge zeta function, a specialization of the motivic zeta function of Denef and Loeser. This is a nice application of inversion of adjunction. If an affine hypersurface is given by a polynomial that is non-degenerate with respect to its Newton polyhedron, then the motivic zeta function and thus the stringy E-function can be computed from this Newton polyhedron (by work of Artal, Cassou-Noguès, Luengo and Melle based on an algorithm of Denef and Hoornaert). We use this procedure to obtain an easy way to compute the contribution of a Brieskorn singularity to the stringy E-function. As a corollary, we prove that stringy Hodge numbers of varieties with a certain class of strictly canonical Brieskorn singularities are nonnegative. We conclude by computing an interesting 6-dimensional example. It shows that a result, implying nonnegativity of stringy Hodge numbers in lower dimensional cases, obtained in our previous paper, is not true in higher dimension.
The classification of surfaces with pg
= q = 1 isogenous to a product of curves
Authors: Carnovale Giovanna , Polizzi Francesco 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
A smooth, projective surface S is said to be isogenous to a product if there exist two smooth curves C, F and a finite group G acting freely on C × F so that S = (C × F)/G. In this paper we classify all surfaces with pg
= q = 1 which are isogenous to a product.
Some quasihomogeneous Legendrian varieties
Authors: Buczyński Jarosław 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We construct a family of examples of Legendrian subvarieties in some projective spaces. Although most of them are singular, a new example of smooth Legendrian varieties in dimension 8 is in this family. This 8-fold has interesting properties: it is a compactification of the special linear group, a Fano manifold of index 5 and Picard number 1.
Families of surfaces and conjugate curve congruences
Authors: Nabarro Ana Claudia , Tari Farid 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Given a smooth and oriented surface M in the Euclidean space ℝ3, the conjugate curve congruence Cα
is a family of pairs of foliations on M that links the lines of curvature and the asymptotic curves of M. This family is first introduced in [Fletcher, Geometrical problems in computer vision, Liverpool University, 1996] and is studied in [Bruce, Fletcher, Tari, Contemp. Math. 354: 1–18, 2004, Bruce, Tari, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 357: 267–285, 2005]. When the surface M = M
0 is deformed in a 1-parameter family of surfaces Mt
, we obtain a 2-parameter family of conjugate curve congruence Cα,t
. We study in this paper the generic local singularities in C

α
0,0 and the way they bifurcate in the family Cα,t
, with (α, t) close to (α
0, 0).