bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Renal Function and Blood Volume in Newborn Infant Related to Placental Transfusion
Authors: OH WILLIAM , OH MARY ANG , LIND JOHN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryInulin and PAH clearances, urine flow, filtration fraction, electrolyte excretion and blood volume studies were performed on 43 term vaginally delivered female normal infants during the first 12 hours of life and 26 during the 2nd to the 5th day of age. The umbilical cords of 22 infants were clamped within 5 seconds after birth and in 47 infants, the cords were clamped after their arterial pulsation had stopped.Compared with the late clamped infants, the blood volume, red cell volume and venous hematocrit were lower in the early clamped infants during the first five days of life. The urine flow, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), PAH clearance and effective renal blood flow were also lower in the early clamped infants during the first 12 hours of life, presumably due to the lower blood volume and blood pressures. At 2‐5 days of age, the urine flow, GFR, PAH clearance and effective renal blood flow were the same in both groups of infants in spite of persistent difference in blood volume. The early clamped infants apparently achieved renal adaptation through means other than blood volume compensation.Data on electrolyte metabolism suggest that the late clamped infants filtered and reabsorbed larger amount of sodium than the early clamped infants during the first 6 hours of life, accompanied by a greater urine flow. These findings were appropriately achieved by the kidney in the process of body fluid regulation in response to the vascular distension and fluid transudation resulting from placental blood transfusion at birth.
Patent Ductus Arteriosus Associated with Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: TUUTERI LEENA , BORKOWSKA KRYSTYNA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryPre‐ and postoperative hemodynamic and electrocardiographic studies were carried out in 24 children with patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary hypertension. The age of the patients ranged from 10 months to 14 years. All patients were catheterized before and a t least once after the operation. I n all cases a left to right shunt was present. Prior to operation the pulmonary arterial pressure was 50 mm Hg or more. The follow‐up time ranged from 6 months to 4½ years.Clinical improvement and a decrease of the pulmonary arterial pressure occurred in all cases after operation. The postoperative systolic pressure in pulmonary artery was 40 mm Hg or less in 14 children; all these children had had large shunts and 10 of them were less than 7 years of age. In the 4 cases, in which more than one postoperative catheterization was performed, no significant hemodynamic changes were seen after the first postoperative year.Before operation 18 patients had electrocardiographic signs of combined ventricular hypertrophy. Following surgery the tracings became normal in most cases. Isolated right ventricular hypertrophy in the preoperative or persisting right ventricular hypertrophy in the postoperative tracings were unfavourable signs and occurred in cases, in which only a small lowering of the pulmonary arterial pressure occurred.
Body Length and Weight at Birth and One Year of Age in Different Communities in Israel
Authors: ZAIZOV RINA , LARON ZVI 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA comparative study of body length and weight a t birth and at one year of age, comprising 563 full term infants belonging to different communities in Israel, is presented. The communities included in the study originated in the following geographical areas: Eastern and Western Europe. Iraq and Iran, North Africa. Yemen, and Israel (including both native born Jews adn Arabs).The analysed data lead to the following conclusions:1. Mean birth weight in all communities ranged between 3135‐3468 g (males—3138–3468; females—3135–3333 g). The Yemenite infants were lighter than the rest.2. There is no significant difference in the mean birth length among the various groups, ranging between 49.7–50.9 cm with a tendency for the girls to be shorter (49.7 to 50.5 cm, as compared to males, from 50.0 to 50.9 em).3. Mean weight and length a t one year of age differs in the various ethnic groups. The mean weight in the various groups ranged between 8653 g to 10313 g in males, and between 7990 to 10,632 g in females. The mean body length in males ranged between 72.7 to 76.3 cm, in females between 70.0 to 75.2 cm. The infants of the North African and Iraqi origin are the tallest, followed, in a decreasing order, by the Eastern and Westera Europeans, Yemenites and Arabs respectively.4. A significant correlation between parental height and the infant's length was found at one year of age in all communities besides the Yemenites. The effect of the father's height is greater than that of the mother. The effect of the parental height is most pronounced in the North African group.5. The study stresses the necessity of performing a cross‐sectional and longitudinal study in the various communities in order to assess normal growth in this heterogenic population.
Haemodialysis in Paediatrics
Authors: LEE H.A. , SHARPSTONE P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThirty two haemodialyses were carried out in six infants and eight small children using one half of the Kolff twin‐coil artificial kidney. The patients' weights ranged from 3.4 kg (7+½ lbs) to 29.5 kg (65 lbs). The danger of producing a significant change in the patient's blood volume was avoided by continuous weight recording during dialysis. When repeated haemodialyses were required the cannulae were kept patent by intermittent heparinisation. There were no deaths or serious complications attributable to the technique and the method proved efficient in the treatment of renal failure and a variety of intoxications as well as in the correction of overhydration.
Clinical and Serological Observations in Cases of Coxsackie B3 Infections in Early Infancy
Authors: HANSON LARS Å. , LUNDGREN STURE , LYCKE ERIK , STRANNEGÅRD ÖRJAN , WINBERG JAN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryClinical and virological findings in seven children diseased during early infancy are reported. Serological observations and virus isolations indicated a common etiology (Coxsackie B3 virus) although the clinical picture varied. In the neonatal period respiratory symptoms, most probably of central origin, dominated, whereas in older infants other cerebral symptoms, such as sluggishness or convulsions with unconciousness, were dominant. The diagnostic usefulness of treatment of serum samples with 3‐mercaptoethanol for the differentiation between maternally transferred antibodies and antibodies formed by the infant itself is illustrated and emphasized.
Antenatal Diagnosis of the Anemia in Erythroblastosis
Authors: FINNE PER HAAVARDSHOLM 
Published: January 2008

SummarySpectrophotometry and erythropoietin determinations in the amniotic fluid have been used in the antenatal diagnosis of the anemia in erythroblastosis. An abrupt rise in the erythropoietin level was found when hemoglobin dropped below 11‐10 g. In cases with a milder degree of anemia only a slight or no elevation of erythropoietin levels, compared to normal amniotic fluid, were found. The height of the optical density peak at 450 mp calculated as described by Liley [11] shows a reasonably good correlation to the capillary hemoglobin level a t birth. It is concluded that for routine use spectrophotometric analysis of amniotic fluid is the method of choice.
Antibody Response after Immunisation with Typhoid‐Paratyphoid A and B Vaccine in Kala‐azar
Authors: CASSIMOS CHRISTOS , LAZANAKIS STELLIOS , THOMAIDIS THEODORE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe ability to produce antibodies during the course of Kala‐azar was studied by immunising 12 Kala‐azar patients with T.A.B. raccine and 12 controls. Controls yielded good antibody response after immunisation while patients with Kala‐azar yielded poor antibody response. The etiology of this deficiency is discussed.
Pulmonary Arterial Pressures of Newborn Infants Born with Early and Late Clamping of the Cord1
Authors: ARCILLA RENÉ A. , OH WILLIAM , LIND JOHN , GESSNER IRA H. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryHemodynamic studies were conducted on 32 normal, full‐term newborn infants, age 29 minutes to 11 hours, to determine the effect of placental transfusion upon the pulmonary circulatory adjustments after birth. In 10 infants, clamping of the cord was accomplished within 2 to 10 seconds after the delivery (early clamping), and in the other 22 infants it was done after cessation of the umbilical arterial pulsations (late clamping).For comparative purposes, the pulmonary arterial pressures were related to the corresponding aortic pressure in the form of a P/A mean pressure ratio, and these were correlated with age in the 2 groups of subjects. The observed pulmonary arterial pressures in the 2 groups differed significantly. During the first 9 hours, the pulmonary pressures of the late‐clamped infants were approximately 90 % that of the aortic. In contrast, those of the early‐clamped infants were as low as 70 % of the aortic pressures by the second hour, and nearly 50 % by the fourth hour.A hypothesis is presented that the higher pulmonary arterial pressures in the late‐clamped infants is due to greater pulmonary vasoconstriction resulting from greater pulmonary capillary…venous filling…a consequence of the large blood volume following maximal placental transfusion.
Chronic Idiopathic Jaundice (Dubin‐Johnson's syndrome) in Three Sisters
Authors: BLANCK CARL , DAHLGREN SVEN , GULLMAR‐WILLCOCKS MARGARETA , HEVESY GEORG DE 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThree sisters, aged 18, 16 and 11 years, were suffering from familial jaundice with elevated direct bilirubin. Two of them had a brown pigmentation of the liver cells and had slight, diffuse gastrointestinal symptoms. They meet the criteria for Dubin‐Johnson's syndrome. The third, suffering from a very mild form of familial jaundice, had very little pigment in the liver cells. This case is difficult to classify, being either a Dubin‐Johnson's syndrome, a Rotor's syndrome, or a condition intermediate between these two. Attempts to characterize the hepatic pigment with histochemical methods were made and seem to indicate that the pigment belongs to the lipofuscins.
Achromobacter Septicemia in a Premature Clinical and Bacteriological Aspects
Authors: HANSON LARS Å. , KJELLANDER JAN , LINDSJÖ AGNETA 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of Achromobacter septicemia in a premature is described. This normally non pathogenic organism probably infected the infant through an aerosol from an infected humidifier. Bacteriological sampling shows that such an aerosol can be heavily contaminated. Disinfection of the humidifier is shown to be an effective preventive measure. However, the water containers of most incubators are quite difficult to disinfect effectively.
Subnormal Concentration of Urinary Glucose as A Sign of Urinary Tract Infection in Children
Authors: SCHERSTéN B. , FRITZ H. , KÖHLER L. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn a material of 511 school girls 1.5% were found to have significant bac‐teriuria. All these cases could be detected by a sensitive, automated fluor‐ometric method for determination of urinary glucose, as cases with significant bacteriuria have subnormal levels of urinary glucose (< 1 mg/100 ml). A glucose‐specific test paper is described, sufficiently sensitive to react with the small amounts of glucose normally present in urine. The test paper can be used to discriminate between urinary samples containing less than, and those containing more than, 1 – 1.5 mg of glucose per 100 ml of urine. Thus, the test paper may also be used as a screening method for significant bacteriuria.
II. HEMODYNAMIC FINDINGS IN EARLY AND LATE CLAMPING OF THE UMBILICAL CORD
Authors: ARCILLA RENE A. , OH WILLIAM , WALLGREN GöRAN , HANSON JOHN S. , GESSNER IRA H. , LIND JOHN 
Published: January 2008

SummaryDye dilution studies by the double catheter technic were performed on 47 normal, term, newborn infants 2 1/2 to 54 hours of age. According to the time of cord clamping, the subjects were divided into two groups:Cardiac output and left‐to‐right shunt were calculated from the LA → pAo curves and, in eight instances, from the PA → LA curves by the forward triangle method. A left‐to‐right shunt across the ductus arteriosus was generally observed during the first day although at age 12 to 24 hours, this shunt was already very small. It was noted in only 1 of 10 infants over 24 hours of age. A tiny right‐to‐left shunt was observed only in 7 of 30 infants up to 12 hours of age. Systemic blood flow which was low during the first day increased by the second or third day, accompanied by a decline in systemic vascular resistance. The pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance indices were higher than those of normal older children.No significant differences in the hemodynamic findings of the two groups of infants were observed. Functional patency of the ductus venosus was observed in all 20 subjects tested.(1) early clamp group – 11 infants;(2) late clamp group – 36 infants.
EFFECT OF PHENYTOIN ON THE TRYPTOPHAN LOAD TEST
Authors: Meeuwisse Gunnar , Gamstorp Ingrid , Tryding Nils 
Published: January 2008

SummaryTryptophan load tests were performed on 51 children, including 27 with epilepsy. In controls and in patients not receiving phenytoin the xanthurenic acid excretion in urine increased with age. No difference was found between the mean values for controls, non‐epileptic patients with neurological diseases and epileptic children not receiving hydantoin derivatives. In epileptic children treated with phenytoin the excretion of xanthurenic acid was higher than in the other 3 groups. The xanthurenic acid excretion increased in healthy children given phenytoin 10 mg/kg/day for at least 5 days. The mean difference between the results of the tryptophan load test before and during phenytoin administration in 8 epileptic children and 5 healthy controls was significant. In all but one of these children xanthurenic aciduria increased during administration of phenytoin. In none of the few patients who showed a clinical response on pyridoxine (100–150 mg/ day) was the tryptophan load test abnormal before treatment with pyridoxine.
STUDIES ON ERYTHRO‐KINETICS IN INFANCY IX. Prediction of Red Cell Volume from Venous Haematocrit in Early Infancy
Authors: Bratteby Lars‐Eric 
Published: January 2008

SummarySixty‐six determinations of circulating red cell volume (RCV) were performed in 24 normal fullterm and 16 normal premature infants aged 4 hours to 138 days. The correlation between venous haematocrit (vHct) and RCV/kg was analysed. Within the range of vHct studied, 23–67%, the relationship was linear according to the equation: RCV/kg= ‐12.3 + 1.02 vHct. No significant difference in slope or position of the regression lines was found between the full‐term and premature infants. A comparison with adult individuals, taken from the literature, showed an almost identical relationship. The equation is proposed as a formula for prediction of RCV in full‐term and premature infants during the first five months of life. The standard error of estimate for prediction from this formula is approximately 10%.
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA WITH 11‐HYDROXYLASE DEFICIENCY A Case Report and Contribution to Diagnosis
Authors: Blunck W. , Bierich J. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryCase report on a 2 ½‐year‐old Turkish boy with iso‐sexual precocious puberty suffering from congenital adrenal hyperplasia. The parents are first cousins. There was no hypertension. The diagnostic procedures are presented. Values for the main corticosteroids, 17‐ketosteroids and testosterone are reported; a simple determination of the THS‐fraction by thin‐layer‐chromatography on one plate in solvent systems of ascending polarity is shown. A highly elevated excretion of THS up to 8.6 mg/day was found.
REFLEXES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP TO BEHAVIOURAL STATE IN THE NEWBORN
Authors: Lenard H. ‐G. , von Bernuth H. , Prechtl H. F. R. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn 20 healthy newborn infants a series of 14 reflexes of various modalities was studied in different behavioural states (regular sleep, irregular sleep, quiet wakefulness) and during sucking.According to our results these reflexes fall into three categories. Proprioceptive reflexes (quadriceps reflex, biceps reflex, ankle clonus and Moro reflex) show good responses during regular sleep and wakefulness, but are absent or markedly diminished in irregular sleep. Exteroceptive reflexes (plantar and palmar grasp, the Babkin reflex, the palmo‐mental reflex, glabella reflex, and lip‐tap reflex) are absent or diminished in regular sleep. During irregular sleep these reflexes can be elicited almost as well as during wakefulness. Nociceptive reflexes (abdominal skin reflex, the Babinski reflex and an exteroceptive skin reflex from the thigh) are equally present in the three states investigated. The magnet response could not be obtained in any of the three states.During sucking, the palmar grasp and the tendon reflexes tend to be stronger whilst the abdominal skin reflex and the exteroceptive skin reflex from the thigh are slightly weaker.The implications for the neurophysiological organization of different behavioural states in human neonates are discussed together with their consequences for the clinical neurological examination of the newborn infant.
GLUCOSE INFUSION IN THE PREGNANT RABBIT AND ITS EFFECT ON GLYCOGEN CONTENT AND ACTIVITY OF FOETAL HEART UNDER ANOXIA1
Authors: Gelli M. G. , Enhörning G. , Hultman E. , Bergström J. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe object of the present study was to determine the possibility of increasing the glycogen content of the foetal myocardium, and thus its ability to survive under anoxic conditions, by infusing glucose in the mother animal before delivery.The material consisted of 41 rabbits; 23 were given a glucose infusion, and 18 served as controls. On the 29th day of pregnancy, a solution of 30% glucose was infused over a 6‐hour period. Immediately after the infusion, the mother was sacrificed, and the foetuses delivered abdominally. They were maintained at 37°C, but without the possibility of lung aeration. The ECG of one foetus in each litter was recorded until no heart activity remained. Concurrently, the other foetuses were sacrificed at irregular intervals, and studied with respect to the glycogen content of heart and liver, blood pH and blood glucose. These parameters were correlated to foetal heart activity.It was found that glucose infusion in the mother did, in fact, increase the glycogen content of the foetal heart. This, in turn, seemed to increase the ability of the foetal heart to continue its activity under anoxic conditions.
OLIGURIC GLOMERULONEPHRITIS IN AN INFANT OF FOUR MONTHS
Authors: Nielsen Bent , Ryelund Karen 
Published: January 2008

SummaryA case of oliguric glomerulonephritis in an infant of 4 months is described.The patient was initially treated with steroids during 3 days. When the diagnosis glomerulonephritis had been settled, the treatment comprised fluid restriction and peritoneal dialysis.The patient was discharged after 6 weeks with slight proteinuria, a serum creatinine concentration of 0.5 mg per 100 ml and a systolic blood pressure of 90 mm Hg.Diagnosis and treatment is discussed. It is concluded that treatment with dialysis is well indicated in cases of acute oliguric glomerulonephritis while the beneficial effects of steroids is more doubtful.
NORMAL/TRISOMY C MOSAICISM IN THE MOTHER OF A “MONGOLOID” CHILD
Authors: Bishun Nutan P. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryChromosomal studies in a young mother (under 30 years of age) of a “mongol” child revealed a normal/trisomy C mosaicism in both skin and blood cultures. This mother has given birth to three live children, including the “mongol” child.This is the first report of such a finding in a young mother of a “mongol”
A REVIEW OF HUMAN PLACENTAL LIPID METABOLISM AND TRANSPORT
Authors: ROBERTSON ALEX F. , SPRECHER HOWARD 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe more recent animal studies reveal the maternal origin of many placental and fetal lipids. In most studies the degree of transport across the placenta and the degree of fetal or placental synthesis of lipids varies with gestational age. Apparently, earlier in pregnancy, there is more dependencé on maternal lipids to provide placental and fetal lipids. In most lipid classes studied the placenta has the capability of altering those lipids presented to it by selective transport and interconversions. Also, most lipid classes are synthesized de novo in the placenta.This review of available information illustrates the many difficulties in describing placental lipid metabolism and transport. The first of these is the extrapolation of data from any other species to man. We hope that increased sophistication in the use of placental perfusion and in the preservation of human placental tissue will lead to the determination of the transport mechanisms in man as well as in other animals. Secondly, composition studies are of value only in that they point the direction in which metabolic studies should proceed. The third problem is that the in vitro metabolic studies, which tell us what reactions may occur in placental tissue, are not applicable to the in vivo situation, since the magnitude of these reactions is unknown. This information can come only from the perfusion of the placenta with the substrates in question. Finally, it appears that the correlation of placental lipids to maternal‐fetal disease is not going to be easily shown. Perhaps the best approach is the definition of the functional capacity of the placenta to perform metabolic alterations of certain lipids. Then any alteration in this functional capacity of the placenta might well be more meaningful than an alteration in the lipid pattern of the placenta in disease states. In all the studies to be performed, a great need exists for the determination of composition and metabolic pathways in relationship to the time of gestation. Studies should be done at different periods of gestation for both the metabolism and transport of lipids appears to vary with gestational age.
THE INFLUENCE OF HORMONE TREATMENT ON THE NATURAL EVOLUTION OF THE IDIOPATHIC NEPHROTIC SYNDROME IN CHILDHOOD
Authors: van Acker K. J. , Hooft C. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryIn 43 children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) who were treated with ACTH or corticosteroids, the evolution was studied after 4 to 14 ½ years. Frequent control investigations revealed that 29 patients were probably cured, 3 were dead, 2 showed a late recurrence and in 1 sequelae were found. In 7 patients, the NS was characterized by the occurrence of multiple relapses.The comparison of these data with those of a prior identical follow‐up study in 44 patients of the pre‐hormonal era, permitted a gross evaluation of the influence of hormone therapy on the natural course of the INS.It was demonstrated that more hormonally treated patients cured, but that, due to the more frequent occurrence of relapses, definitive healing was significantly postponed. Less patients died, the number of late relapses and sequelae was not very different in both groups. Multiple relapses were seen only in the hormonal group. The cured patients and those with multiple relapses thus probably represent the patients who would have died in the pre‐hormonal era, but it is not known which effect is due to antibiotics and hormones respectively.The long‐term effect of hormone therapy will depend on the evolution in this group with multiple relapses. The histologic lesions in the kidney, found in some of these patients suggest that probably in a part of them, a fatal issue is to be expected. Further follow‐up studies in the other patients with multiple relapses but with shorter follow‐up periods, will reveal if identical lesions occur later in all these patients. If this is the case, the long‐term effect of hormone therapy in our patients consisted in an important postponement of the fatal issue.