bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS BAHAYA GEMPA DAN TSUNAMI PADA AREA RENCANA PEMBANGUNAN PUSAT KEBUDAYAAN BALI DI KABUPATEN KLUNGKUNG
Authors: Sutarja I.N.  , Ardana M.D.W.  , Kardita, P.C.P.K.  
Published: March 2024

Pemerintah Provinsi Bali merencanakan Pembangunan Pusat Kebudayaan Bali sebagai Pusat Informasi
Kebudayaan secara menyeluruh untuk mendukung pengembangan Pariwisata Bali yang berorientasi
pada Budaya. Pusat Kebudayaan Bali akan di bangun pada Kawasan Bekas Galian C di Kabupaten
Klungkung yang berada pada koordinat 8°32'41.35" - 8°34'30.94" LS dan 115°24'54.92" - 115°26'6.99"

Analisis bahaya, khususnya gempa bumi dan tsunami menjadi sangat penting karena mempunyai

indeks risiko sangat tinggi dan sebagai dasar perancangan infrastruktur yang berorientasi pada
keselamatan manusia dan lingkungannya. Analisis bahaya gempa bumi dilakukan dengan menganalisis
sejarah kegempaan di wilayah Bali dan sekitarnya serta memodelkan tingkat guncangan di area
penelitian berdasarkan beberapa skenario gempa bumi signifikan di wilayah Bali. Potensi bahaya
tsunami diidentifikasi dengan memodelkan penjalaran gelombang tsunami dan inundasi di area
penelitian berdasarkan dua skenario gempa bumi-tsunami akibat aktivitas subduksi di selatan Pulau
Bali. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Area Pembangunan Pusat Kebudayaan Bali berpotensi
terhadap guncangan gempa bumi hingga kategori Sangat Kuat (VII MMI) dengan nilai PGA (Peak
Ground Acceleration) mencapai 353 gal. Hasil pemodelan tsunami menunjukkan lokasi penelitian
rawan terhadap bahaya tsunami dengan tinggi rendaman mencari 3-6 meter dan jarak inundasi sejauh
1500 meter. Temuan ini dijadikan pertimbangan dalam merancang infrastruktur Pusat Kebudayaan Bali
beserta penataan lingkungannya.
PEMODELAN STOKASTIK CURAH HUJAN HARIAN STASIUN HUJAN DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH
Authors: M Arifudin Fahmi  , L Ade Arsuliwininggrat  , Sugiharta  
Published: March 2024

Sebagian besar wilayah Kabupaten Lombok Tengah memiliki iklim sabana tropis (Aw) dengan dua
musim, yaitu musim penghujan dan musim kemarau, menurut klasifikasi iklim Koppen. Musim
penghujan biasanya terjadi dari bulan November hingga bulan April, dengan bulan terbasah Januari
yang memiliki curah hujan rata-rata lebih dari 300 milimeter per bulan. Musim kemarau biasanya terjadi
dari bulan Mei hingga bulan Oktober, dengan bulan terkering Agustus memiliki curah hujan rata-rata
lebih dari 300 milimeter per bulan.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menyelidiki unsur stokastik dalam data curah hujan harian yang
dikumpulkan dari enam stasiun hujan yang terletak di Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Data curah hujan
harian dari tahun 2010–2020 digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Metode analisis yang digunakan termasuk
pemodelan periodik dan stokastik menggunakan Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) dan kuadrat terkecil
untuk membuat model periodik curah hujan harian. Untuk menghitung model periodik, perbedaan
antara curah hujan yang diukur dan model periodik dihitung.
Ada perbedaan, menurut hasil penelitian metode stokastik yang dilakukan berdasarkan data curah hujan
harian selama sepuluh tahun. Autogresif model orde tiga digunakan untuk menampilkan model
stokastik. Untuk validasi seri stokastik, koefisien korelasi antara data dan model dapat dihitung. Hasil
penelitian menunjukkan bahwa data curah hujan harian sintetik yang diperoleh melalui seri waktu
sangat mirip dengan curah hujan yang diukur. Untuk model periodik, koefisien korelasi (R) rata-rata
adalah 0,9770, sedangkan untuk model stokastik adalah 0,9979, dan untuk model periodik stokastik
adalah 0,99991.
PENYELIDIKAN TANAH BUKIT KAPUR, KUTA SELATAN, BADUNG, BALI
Authors: I Wayan Redana  
Published: March 2024

Daerah Kuta selatan meliputi enam desa yaitu Benoa, Jimbaran, Kutuh, Pecatu, Tanjung Benoa,
Ungasan. Daerah kecamatan kuta selatan, badung ini secara umum merupakan bukit kapur.
Penyelidikan tanah di daerah Kuta Selatan ini mempunyai tujuan untuk menentukan jenis tanah kapur,
kekuatan tanah dan respon gempa bangunan sipil. Hasil penyelidikan tanah ini akan mengungkap tebal
lapisan kapur, tebal lapisan lempung dan pasir yang ditemui, nilai SPT dan kedalaman tanah keras dari
daerah kapur Bali selatan. Sesuai dengan SNI-1726-2012-tentang tatacara perencanaan ketahanan
gempa untuk struktur bangunan gedung dan non-gedung, penyelidikan tanah dilakukan sampai
minimum kedalaman 30 m. Situs tanah, selanjutnya ditentukan berdasar dengan nilai SPT, gradasi dan
kekuatan geser tanah dengan klasifikasi situs SA/Batuan Keras, SB/Batuan, SC/tanah keras, sangat
padat dan batuan lunak, SD/tanah sedang, SE/tanah lunak, dan SF/tanah khusus yang membutuhkan
investigasi geoteknik dan analisis respon spesifik situs. Hasil penyelidikan tanah di jalur ini
menunjukkan bahwa lapisan tanah di daerah kuta selatan ini di dominasi lapisan kapur lepas sampai
kapur keras, tetapi juga terdapat lapisan pasir dan lempung. Penyelidikan dengan uji sondir hanya bisa
dilakukan apabila terdapat lapisan pasir atau lempung, karena alat uji sondir tidak mampu menembus
lapisan kapur. Oleh karenanya, sangat disarankan melakukan penyelidikan tanah dengan boring dan uji
SPT.
UJI KARAKTERISTIK MARSHALL PADA CAMPURAN ASPAL HRS-WC DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN FILLER BATU KARANG
Authors: Didik S. S. Mabui  , Marsudi  , Pangeran Holong Sitorus  
Published: March 2024

Jalan terletak diantara roda kendaraan dan lapisan tanah yang berguna memberi kenyamanan dan
diharapkan tidak mudah terjadi kerusakan, agar keawetan dan memiliki daya dukung yang memadai,
Aspal merupakan salah satu material pembuatan jalan raya dikarenakan aspal memiliki tingkat
kenyamanan yang baik sebagai bahan perkerasan jalan raya, diharapkan batu karang dapat menjadi salah
satu bahan alternatif filler. Sebagian wilayah di Kota Jayapura seperti Distrik Muara Tami, memiliki
material lokal batu karang dalam jumlah yang besar. Penelitian ini menggunakan aspal minyak sebagai
bahan pengikat agregat. Adapun penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui nilai karakteristik
marshall dengan batu karang sebagai filler pterhadap aspal Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course dan
pemanfaatan material lokal Kota Jayapura khususnya bahan pengisi (filler) batu karang terhadap aspal
panas Hot Rolled Sheet-Wearing Course dapat digunakan sesuai spesifikasi. Material yang digunakan
yaitu aspal minyak dari PT. Pertamina, agregat lokal dari wilayah Doyo dan bahan pengisi (filler) dari
wilayah Koya Timur. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium, dimana campuran aspal HRS-WC yang
dihasilkan kemudian akan dilakukan pengujian karakteristik Marshall untuk mengetahui nilai
durabilitasnya. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, maka didapatkan hasil nilai marshall memenuhi spesifikasi
umum Bina Marga 2018 pada kadar aspal 6,2% - 7,4%, dengan nilai kadar aspal rata-rata adalah 6,8%
sebagai kadar aspal paling optimum.
Riesgos Sociales-Sociedad de Riesgo-Sociedad en Riesgo
Authors: Uribe Gómez Mónica , Klein Alejandro 
Published: March 2024

Este trabajo busca hacer una revisión crítica de los conceptos de riesgo y vulnerabilidad social, con el fin de discutir hasta qué punto sus definiciones incluyen y atañen a las diversas y complejas problemáticas con que se les suele asociar. Para tal fin, se retomarán los planteamientos de autores como Ulrich Beck, Anthony Giddens, Bauman y Gosta Esping•Andersen, además de discutir la pertinencia del enfoque de “manejo social del riesgo” de Holzmann y Jorgensen (2000).
Muchas de las políticas y acciones sociales implementadas en América Latina desde los años noventa, se han justificado con el argumento de que las mismas contribuirían a disminuir los riesgos y la vulnerabilidad social de grupos poblacionales específicos. Sin embargo, desde la primera década de 2000, algunos países (especialmente en el cono sur) han cuestionado dicho enfoque, y han iniciado transformaciones muy interesantes que han sido denominados cómo pos•neoliberalismo por algunos analistas como Saader (2008). Este giro pone el énfasis en aspectos como el rol del Estado en los asuntos sociales, el tipo y las características de la participación ciudadana y muy especialmente en el tipo de protección social que se debe proveer a todos los ciudadanos de un país. Algunas de las corrientes alternativas que se vienen implementando desde la primera década de 2000 en distintos países de América Latina, más que mantener la perspectiva de focalizar acciones para la administración de distintos riesgos sociales (como la pobreza, los problemas de salud, la falta de oportunidades educativas y el desempleo), han insistido en la necesidad de poner remedio a las enormes desigualdades mediante la búsqueda de un tipo de ciudadanía ampliada basada en derechos exigibles y en una nueva agenda social.
Aunque no es posible generalizar en torno a asuntos como la desigualdad, los riesgos y la vulnerabilidad social en América Latina, este análisis busca contribuir a esta discusión al problematizar las perspectivas que se han usado como trasfondo de una gran parte de las intervenciones sociales, a la vez que presenta algunos de los elementos nuevos para pensar y gestionar la política social, debate que actualmente está siendo desarrollado en muchos de los países de la Región.
TRADISI DI TENGAH MASYARAKAT CIREUNDEU
Authors: Leonardi Jane Amelia , Nurhasima Nurhasima , Atasya Nur Jani 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAK

Masyarakat di Kampung Adat Cireundeu memiliki kebiasaan dan adat istiadat yang dilakukan secara turun temurun, dan dilakukan secara lisan. Hal ini menarik karena yang disampaikan melalui lisan justru dapat bertahan ditengah gempuran teknologi. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan tradisi yang ada di lingkungan Masyarakat Cireundeu. Masalah utama penelitian ini adalah bagaimana tradisi yang ada di tengah masyarakat cireundeu. Data diperoleh dari web, studi literatur dan wawancara masyarakat sekitar. Data tentang tradisi di tengah masyarakat cireundeu tersebut kemudian ditelaah. Dari hasil analisis penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pentingnya tradisi, lingkungan, dan sosial budaya yang ada di tengah masyarakat cireundeu menjadi faktor yang melatarbelakangi penelitian ini.
Assessment of Technological Knowledge of Input Dealers About Agro Services in Junagadh District, India
Authors: Khambhala K. A. , Chavda V. N. , Parmar S.J. , Jadeja Khushbuba M. 
Published: March 2024

Aims: (1) To assess the technological knowledge of the input dealers towards agro-services and (2) To ascertain the association between selected characteristics of the input dealers and their knowledge regarding -services
Study Design: An ex-post facto research design was used for the study.
Place and Duration of Study: Junagadh district of Gujarat state
Methodology: Junagadh district comprises nine talukas out of which five talukas viz Junagadh, Keshod, Mendarda, Vanthali, and Maliya hatina were randomly selected for the study because these talukas had enough input dealers. From each taluka, thirty input dealers were selected randomly for the study. Thus, a total of 150 input dealers were selected randomly from five talukas.
Results: More than half (51.34 percent) of input dealers had a medium level of knowledge regarding agro-services followed by (30.00 percent) and (18.66 percent) of input dealers who had high-level and low of knowledge, respectively. The characteristics of input dealers viz., risk orientation, management orientation, economic motivation, and progressivism had a positive and highly significant relationship with their knowledge regarding agro-services. The age of input dealers had a negative and significant relationship with their knowledge regarding agro-services.
Conclusion: A significant majority of input dealers were found to possess a moderate to high level of knowledge regarding agro-services.
Optimization of lipase‐catalyzed sorbitol monoester synthesis in organic medium
Authors: Dubreucq Eric , Ducret Amélie , Lortie Robert 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe influence of acid/polyol molar ratio and reaction time on lipase‐catalyzed esterification of oleic acid (OA) and sorbitol was studied to determine optimal conditions for monoester synthesis. A simple mathematical model was developed to determine relationships between various parameters of technical and/or economical importance. A direct relationship. independent of OA initial concentration and reaction time, was shown between the percentage of monoester in total esters, monoester concentration (the maximum was 25–30 mM for 70–80% monoester), and sorbitol conversion rate. A high sorbitol conversion was always associated with a low percentage of monoester in total ester. No absolute optimum could be found, so that compromises should be chosen, with the help of the results presented herein, depending on the constraints on the process. Two possible optima are proposed. In both examples, monoester (25–30 mM) is 80% pure. In the first case, productivity is maximized (15 mmol·L−1·h−1), but OA and sorbitol conversions are only 40 and 60%, respectively. In the second case, a high OA conversion (>99%) is favored at the expense of monoester productivity (1.8 mmol·L−1·h−1), 60% of the sorbitol being converted. It was shown that, although sorbitol monoester has better surface properties than diester, the addition of 20% diester did not modify the interfacial activity of monoester and slightly increased its surface activity.
Novel hydroperoxides as primary autoxidation products of a model ethoxylated surfactant
Authors: Bodin Anna , Linnerborg Malin , Nilsson J. Lars G. , Karlberg Ann‐Therese 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEthoxylated alcohols, widely used as surfactants, are susceptible to oxidation when exposed to air. A complex mixture is formed, in which alkylated aldehydes, alkylated formates, hydroxyaldehydes, and formaldehyde have previously been identified by our group. The compounds identified so fat are all secondary oxidation products, some of which have been shown to be skin sensitizers and irritants. The primary oxidation products from ethoxylated surfactants have been described as peroxides and hydroperoxides, but their structures have not been elucidated more closely. Hydroperoxides are reactive species and can be suspected to be biologically active as skin sensitizers and irritants. In the present study we used a small model compound, diethylenglycol monoethylether (C2E2), to facilitate the identification of primary oxidation products formed at autoxidation of ethoxylated surfactants. By performing NMR and HPLC‐MS analyses, we found that at least four different hydroperoxides were formed at autoxidation of C2E2, one of them dominating in concentration over the others. The hydroperoxide present in the highest concentration was identified as 2‐[2‐(1‐hydroperoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethanol.
Ortho ester‐based cleavable cationic surfactants
Authors: Hellberg Per‐Erik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new type of cleavable cationic surfactant, based on the ortho ester link, is described. Ortho ester amines with alkyl chain lengths from C8 to C16 were synthesized from a short‐chain ortho ester, a fatty alcohol, and an amino acohol. The ortho ester amine was subsequently quaternized with methyl chloride, yielding a cationic surfactant. The structures were confirmed by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and the surface chemical properties were investigated by measuring both static and dynamic surface tensions. The results were compared to standard n‐alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromides. The critical micelle concentrations were found to vary rather widely, whereas the surface tensions in some cases were comparatively low. The short alkyl chain ortho ester quaternaries were found to have low surface tensions at short surface ages and to induce rapid wetting of a hydrophobic surface in dynamic tests. Additionally, the new surfactants were found to hydrolyze rapidly under mild acidic conditions, as measured by both titation and monitoring of the dynamic surface tension. Further, they showed excellent long‐term stability at pH 10 in dilute aqueous solutions. The effect of added electrolyte on rate of hydrolysis was also investigated. A marked enhancement in the hydrolysis rate was found when NaBr was added, whereas NaCl did not have the same effect. The new surfactants could potentially be used to provide temporary surfactant action in application areas such as disinfection, fabric care, personal care, chain lubrication, and mineral flotation as well as in textile processes such as dyeing or scouring.
Ethoxylation of detergent‐range oxo alcohols derived from fischer‐tropsch α‐olefins
Authors: Grant‐Huyser M. , Maharaj S. , Matheson L. , Rowe L. , Sones E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDetergent‐range alcohols currently are produced from a variety of basic raw materials including natural fats and oils, natural gas, and petroleum. Joining this list of basic raw materials is coal. Olefins are formed in the conversion from coal via the Fischer‐Tropsch (F‐T) process and are then converted to alcohol via the oxo process. This paper describes the characteristics of Fischer‐Tropsch oxo alcohol and its ethoxylation properties in comparison with other common detergentrange alcohols. This work shows that oxo 1213 alcohol (i.e., a mixture of primary fatty alcohols containing both 12 and 13 carbons in their hydrocarbon backbone) reacts with ethylene oxide similarly to linear alcohol, yielding low levels of unethoxylated alcohol. Substitution at the C2 position has more impact on the ethoxylation of an alcohol than the degree of linearity.
Acid‐base equilibria of sulfonephthalein dyes in aqueous polymer‐surfactant media
Authors: Saikia Palash M. , Dutta Robin K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe acid‐base equilibria of three anionic sulfonephthalein dyes, viz., bromothymol blue (BTB), thymol blue (TB), and cresol red (CR), were studied spectroscopically in aqueous media containing the water‐soluble noninonic polymers polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in the presence of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). A partition equilibrium method was used to determine the equilibrium constant of partition of the dyes between the micellar pseudo phase and aqueous phase in the presence of PVA and PEG. The critical aggregation concentrations (CAC) of the surfactants in buffered aqueous systems containing the neutral polymers were also determined. The CAC of the polymer‐surfactant systems were found to be lower than the critical micelle concentration of such systems in the absence of polymer, in otherwise identical conditions. The pH‐dependent association constants, Kass, of the sulfonephthalein dyes with the SDS‐PVA system increased with the increase in molecular weight of the polymer. The interactions of the dyes with the buffered aqueous SDS‐PVA and SDS‐PEG systems were found to be endothermic and entropy oriented. In the polymer domain, the head group region of the micelles was more exposed at lower concentrations of the polymer, but under excess polymer concentration they were increasingly shielded, which impaired their electrostatic interaction with the dyes.
Gastroprotection of DNA with a synthetic cholic acid analog
Authors: Niedzinski Edmund J. , Bennett Michael J. , Olson David C. , Nantz Michael H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe oral delivery of functional DNA to the gastrointestinal system would constitute a desirable, noninvasive method for potentially treating a variety of diseases. The digestive process, however, remains a formidable barrier. This dilemma may be addressed by using targeted liposomes both to protect the polynucleotide and to deliver the therapeutic DNA with high tissue specificity. The present study represents the initial steps toward developing a novel gene delivery system designed to interact with the enterohepatic receptors of the small intestine. Two cholic acid esters were synthetically modified at position C(3) to incorporate a DNA‐binding domain. These novel compounds were evaluated for their ability to protect DNA from the nucleases found in gastrointestinal segments. Additionally, the compounds were screened as a component of a gene delivery vector. Formulations containing the new bile salt derivatives protected DNA from degradation for more than 2 h and were capable of transfecting cultured NIH 3T3 cells.
A carbohydrate‐rich diet reduces LDL size in QQ homozygotes for the Gln192Arg polymorphism of the paraoxonase 1 gene
Authors: Delgado‐Lista J. , Perez‐Jimenez F. , Gavilan E. , Marin C. , Fuentes F. , Fernandez‐Puebla R. A. , Perez‐Martinez P. , Paniagua J. A. , Aguilera C. , Lopez‐Miranda J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractParaoxonase 1 (PON 1) is an esterase with antioxidant properties that is present in HDL. Gln192Arg polymorphism (also named Q192R or Q/R) of the PON 1 gene that encodes this protein defines two alleles (Q and R). The R allele has been associated with higher cardiovascular risk. LDL size and susceptibility to oxidation also have been identified as cardiovascular risk factors. Our objective was to determine whether genetic variations in the Gln192Arg polymorphism influence LDL size and susceptibility to oxidation after the consumption of diets with different fat content. In our experiments, the participants (n=98), underwent three 4‐wk diets—one, saturated fat‐enriched (SAT); another, monounsaturated fat‐enriched (MONO); and a third, carbohydrate‐enriched (CHO). We observed that LDL were smaller in the QQ group after the CHO diet vs. the SAT (P<0.01) and MONO diets (P<0.03). No differences in LDL size were found in QR/RR subjects. When we analyzed lag time of oxidation of LDL, we found that when carriers of the R allele (QR/RR) received the MONO diet, the lag period of LDL oxidation was longer as compared with the CHO diet. Otherwise, we found no differences in QQ homozygotes when we evaluated the lag time of oxidation of LDL after the three diets. These results suggest that the Gln192Arg polymorphism of the paraoxonase gene influences LDL size and susceptibility to oxidation in response to diet.
Lipid composition influences the shape of human low density lipoprotein in vitreous ice
Authors: Coronado‐Gray Andrea , van Antwerpen Rik 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEarlier cryo‐electron microscopic studies have indicated that the normal low density lipoprotein (N‐LDL) has a discoid shape when its core is in the liquid‐crystalline state. In the present study, we investigated whether the shape of LDL depends on the physical state and/or the lipid composition of the lipoprotein core. Using a custom‐built freezing device, we vitrified N‐LDL samples from either above or below the phase‐transition temperature of the core (42 and 24°C, respectively). Cryo‐electron microscopy revealed no differences between these samples and indicated a discoid shape of the N‐LDL particle. In contrast, TG‐enriched LDL (T‐LDL) did not have discoid features and appeared to be quasi‐spherical in preparations that were vitrified from either 42 or 24°C. These results suggest that the shape of N‐LDL is discoid, regardless of the physical state of its core, whereas T‐LDL is more spherical. Aspects that may influence the shape of LDL are discussed.