bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve Stimulator‐Guided Occipital Nerve Blockade for Postdural Puncture Headache
Authors: Naja Zoher , Al‐Tannir Mohamad , El‐Rajab Mariam , Ziade Fouad , Baraka Anis 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPostdural puncture headache (PDPH) is one of the most common complications of spinal anesthesia, where adequate hydration with bed rest in the horizontal position is the initial recommendation. Epidural blood patch is to date the most effective treatment, but it is an invasive procedure that may result in serious complications. The aim of the current study was to conduct a prospective, randomized, single‐blinded comparison between bilateral occipital blockade and conventional expectant therapy in adults suffering from PDPH. A primary hypothesis was that occipital blockade would result in better pain management and quicker return to normal activity. Fifty adult patients diagnosed with PDPH were randomly divided into two equal groups of 25 each. All patients in the block group received greater and lesser occipital nerve blocks, whereas the control group received adequate hydration, complete bed rest, and analgesics. Forty‐seven patients entered into the final analysis as three patients withdrew from study. Complete pain relief was achieved in 68.4% of block patients after 1 to 2 blocks, with 31.6% ultimately receiving up to 4 blocks. Visual analog scales were significantly lower in the block group (P < 0.01), and the block group consumed significantly less analgesics in the follow‐up period (P < 0.05) compared with control group. Block patients had significantly shorter hospital stays and sick leave periods (P < 0.001). The studied method is superior to expectant conservative therapy in the treatment of patients suffering from PDPH.
Free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κb ligand in gingival crevicular fluid correlates with distinct pathogens in periodontitis patients
Authors: Sakellari Dimitra , Menti Sofia , Konstantinidis Antonis 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim: The aim of the experiment was to investigate the levels of free soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κb ligand (sRANKL) in periodontal health and disease and their correlations to clinical parameters and important periodontal pathogens.Material and Methods: Chronic periodontitis (n=35) and periodontally healthy (n=38) subjects participated in the present study. Pocket depth, recession and bleeding index were recorded at a total of 221 sites. Subgingival plaque samples from these sites were analysed for the levels of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Gingival crevicular fluid samples were analysed with ELISA for levels of free sRANKL. Comparisons between groups were performed by applying non‐parametric tests (Mann–Whitney) and correlations among parameters were sought for with Spearman's r coefficient.Results: Mean levels of free sRANKL were higher in periodontitis subjects and correlated significantly with mean counts of T. denticola on the subject level and P. gingivalis, T. denticola on the site level (Spearman's r coefficient, p<0.05), but not with clinical parameters. No correlations were found between the levels of free sRANKL and investigated parameters in periodontally healthy individuals. No effect of smoking was found on investigated parameters and correlations (univariate analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons).Conclusions: Findings from the present study suggest a correlation of levels of sRANKL with important pathogens in periodontitis patients.
Development of an injectable composite as a carrier for growth factor‐enhanced periodontal regeneration
Authors: Herberg Samuel , Siedler Michael , Pippig Susanne , Schuetz Andreas , Dony Carola , Kim Chong‐Kwan , Wikesjö Ulf M. E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAim: Biomaterials are often applied in periodontal therapy; however, not always well adapted for tissue regeneration. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physico‐chemical properties and biocompatibility of an injectable, in situ setting composite for growth factor‐enhanced periodontal regeneration.Material and Methods: The composite constitutes bioresorbable poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) and additives forming in situ a matrix designed as a carrier for recombinant human growth/differentiation factor‐5 (rhGDF‐5). In vitro characterization included the porosity, biointeraction, biodegradation, injectability, and biological activity of released rhGDF‐5. Biocompatibility was compared with granular β‐tricalcium phosphate and an absorbable collagen sponge using a canine periodontal defect model.Results: The PLGA composite showed a highly porous (500–1000 μm) space‐providing structure. It effectively induced coagulation exhibiting an intimate interaction with the fibrin clot. The biphasic biodegradation was complete within 4 weeks. The composite was conveniently injectable (90.4±3.6 N) for ease of use. It exhibited a sustained rhGDF‐5 release over 4 weeks (40.8%) after initial burst (3.4%) detected by ALP activity. Sites receiving the composite showed limited, if any, residuals and had no appreciable negative effect on periodontal wound healing. There were no noteworthy inflammatory lesions in sites receiving the PLGA composite.Conclusion: Characteristics of the PLGA composite makes it an attractive matrix to support native wound healing and rhGDF‐5‐enhanced periodontal regeneration.
School‐level contextual factors associated with betel quid chewing among schoolchildren in Taiwan
Authors: Huang Hsiao‐Ling , Lee Chien‐Hung , Yen Yea‐Yin , Chen Ted , Chen Fu‐Li , Ho Pei‐Shan , Lai Tai‐Cheng , Tsai Wen‐Ling , Hsu Chih‐Cheng 
Published: October 2008

Abstract –  Objectives:  Previous to this research, no literature had explored the clustering of betel quid chewing at the school‐level and the contextual factors contributing to this behavior among elementary schoolchildren. This study therefore examines this in clusters stratified according to school geography and the rate of aboriginal students in each school. Individual‐level characteristics are controlled in the study.Methods:  The data used derive from student and parent surveys of the School Smoking Survey Project from a sampling of third and fourth grade children from 13 elementary schools in Tao‐Yuan County, Taiwan (n = 1585). The individual‐ and school‐level characteristics regarding betel quid chewing were estimated using multi‐level logistic regression analysis.Results:  Compared to their counterparts, students attending schools with higher percentages of aboriginal students (OR = 3.60, 95% CI: 1.31–9.95), or those schools located in a mountainous region (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 1.19–6.70), were found to have a greater risk of chewing behavior. Other observed characteristics having a significant relationship to student chewing behavior were drinking alcohol and smoking cigarettes.Conclusions:  The new findings from this study suggest that the specific school attended is an important point of intervention. Therefore, effective policies and preventive programs should be strongly considered for implementation in schools that are putting students at the greatest risk for betel quid chewing behavior. Our study also confirmed the relationship between betel quid chewing, cigarette smoking, and alcohol drinking, suggesting that multifaceted intervention strategies need to be considered in regard to such behaviors among elementary schoolchildren.
Foreign‐body‐associated granulomatous slack skin in folliculotropic mycosis fungoides of childhood
Authors: Tronnier Michael 
Published: October 2008

Presented in part at the XXVIII Symposium of the International Society of Dermatopathology, Paris, November 14–17, 2007.A 13‐year‐old boy developed a bulky mass close to the right axillary region and an infiltrated plaque on the abdominal skin. Two years earlier, the diagnosis of follicular mycosis fungoides has been established. Biopsies of both areas revealed typical features of granulomatous slack skin (GSS). Within some of the giant cells, doubly refractile material of unknown origin was found. It may be speculated that in the reported case of follicular mycosis fungoides in childhood, GSS developed as a specific reaction pattern of the disease because of foreign bodies.
Cdc7 expression in melanomas, Spitz tumors and melanocytic nevi
Authors: Clarke Loren E. , Fountaine Thomas J. , Hennessy Jeannie , Bruggeman Richard D. , Clarke Jennie T. , Mauger David T. , Helm Klaus F. 
Published: October 2008

Background:  Cdc7 is a serine‐threonine kinase required for initiation of DNA replication that may play a role in the development and progression of melanoma.Materials and Methods:  Tissue microarrays containing 40 melanomas, 40 Spitz tumors and 30 nevi were constructed. Staining for Cdc7 was scored semiquantitatively according to intensity and extent, and the values were converted into composite scores.Results:  Nodular melanomas, atypical Spitz tumors and superficial spreading melanomas had the highest scores (nodular melanomas, 3.67; atypical Spitz tumors, 2.78 and superficial spreading melanomas, 2.44). Typical Spitz nevi, dysplastic nevi and ordinary nevi had the lowest scores. Cdc7 expression in melanomas differed significantly from non‐Spitz nevi (p < 0.001). The difference was also significant when invasive melanomas were compared with dysplastic nevi (p < 0.005) and when invasive melanomas were compared with non‐atypical Spitz nevi (p < 0.001). However, there was no significant difference between invasive melanomas and atypical Spitz tumors (p = 0.69) or between dysplastic nevi and ordinary nevi (p = 0.73).Conclusion:  Cdc7 expression differs significantly among cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms and can be evaluated by routine immunohistochemical methods. The results suggest that differences in Cdc7 expression may account for some of the differences between malignant melanomas and benign melanocytic nevi.
Involvement of laminin and integrins in adhesion and migration of junctional epithelium cells
Authors: Kinumatsu T. , Hashimoto S. , Muramatsu T. , Sasaki H. , Jung H‐S , Yamada S. , Shimono M. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  The junctional epithelium attaches to the enamel surface with hemidesmosomes (of which laminin‐5 and integrin‐α6β4 are the main components) in the internal basal lamina. Laminin‐5 is also involved in cell motility with integrin‐α3β1, although their functions have not yet been clarified. The purpose of this study was to determine the functions of those adhesive components between the tooth and the junctional epithelium during cell migration. Because an idea has been proposed that directly attached to tooth cells (DAT cells) may not contribute to cell migration, 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine staining was performed to confirm cell migration.Material and Methods:  We investigated laminin‐γ2 (contained only in laminin‐5), integrin‐β4 (involved in cell–extracellular matrix contact) and integrin‐α3 (inducing cell migration) in the junctional epithelium, oral gingival epithelium and gingival sulcus epithelium of 6‐wk‐old ICR mice using laser microdissection, quantitative real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, immunofluorescence and 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine staining.Results:  Laminin and integrins were clearly immunolocalized in the basal lamina of all epithelium. Quantitative analysis of laminin and integrin mRNAs by laser microdissection showed that they were more highly expressed in DAT cells than in basal cells in the oral gingival epithelium. In particular, a 12‐fold higher expression of laminin‐5 was observed in the junctional epithelium compared with the oral gingival epithelium. 5‐Bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine staining showed rapid coronal migration of DAT cells.Conclusion:  These results suggest that the abundant expression of laminin‐5 and integrin‐α6β4 is involved in the attachment of DAT cells to teeth by hemidesmosomes. Abundant expression of laminin‐5 and integrin‐α3β1 might assist in DAT cell migration, confirmed by 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine staining during the turnover of junctional epithelium.
Induction of cementogenesis and periodontal ligament regeneration by recombinant human transforming growth factor‐β3 in Matrigel with rectus abdominis responding cells
Authors: Ripamonti U. , Parak R. , Petit J.‐C. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  In primates and in primates only, the transforming growth factor‐β proteins induce endochondral bone formation. Transforming growth factor‐β3 also induces periodontal tissue regeneration. Two regenerative treatments using human recombinant transforming growth factor‐β3 were examined after implantation in mandibular furcation defects of the nonhuman primate, Papio ursinus.Material and Methods:  Class III furcation defects were surgically created bilaterally in the mandibular first and second molars of two adult Chacma baboons (P. ursinus). Different doses of recombinant transforming growth factor‐β3 reconstituted with Matrigel® matrix were implanted in the rectus abdominis muscle to induce heterotopic ossicles for subsequent transplantation to selected furcation defects. Twenty days after heterotopic implantation, periodontal defects were re‐exposed, further debrided and implanted with minced fragments of induced heterotopic ossicles. Contralateral class III furcation defects were implanted directly with recombinant transforming growth factor‐β3 in Matrigel® matrix with the addition of minced fragments of autogenous rectus abdominis muscle. Treated quadrants were not subjected to oral hygiene procedures so as to study the effect of the direct application of the recombinant morphogen in Matrigel® on periodontal healing. Histomorphometric analyses on undecalcified sections cut from specimen blocks harvested on day 60 measured the area of newly formed alveolar bone and the coronal extension of the newly formed cementum along the exposed root surfaces.Results:  Morphometric analyses showed greater alveolar bone regeneration and cementogenesis in furcation defects implanted directly with 75 μg of transforming growth factor‐β3 in Matrigel® matrix with the addition of minced muscle tissue.Conclusion:  Matrigel® matrix is an optimal delivery system for the osteogenic proteins of the transforming growth factor‐β superfamily, including the mammalian transforming growth factor‐β3 isoform. The addition of minced fragments of rectus abdominis muscle provides responding stem cells for further tissue induction and morphogenesis by the transforming growth factor‐β3 protein.
Areca nut extracts increased expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Chang L‐Y. , Wan H‐C. , Lai Y‐L. , Kuo Y‐F. , Liu T‐Y. , Chen Y‐T. , Hung S‐L. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Cytokines represent a central role in inflammatory tissue destruction and regulate the immune responses that may govern the progression of periodontal diseases. This study investigated the effects of areca nut extracts on the expression of inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The role of oxidative stress of areca nut extracts was also examined using curcumin.Material and Methods:  The expression of cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells treated with extracts of ripe areca nut or extracts of tender areca nut was analyzed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction.Results:  Both extracts of ripe areca nut (≤ 40 μg/mL) and extracts of tender areca nut significantly enhanced the production of tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukin‐1β in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a dose‐dependent and time‐dependent manner. The kinetics of mRNA expression of both cytokines was also enhanced by areca nut extracts. The stimulatory effects of areca nut extracts on the secretion of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β, interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 and on the mRNA expression of tumor necrosis factor‐α, interleukin‐1β and interleukin‐6 at 4 h of incubation were reduced by curcumin (20–50 μm). However, the level of interleukin‐8 transcripts was not affected by curcumin. Moreover, interleukin‐1β induction by extracts of tender areca nut, but not by extracts of ripe areca nut, was weakened by 10 μm curcumin. The inhibitory effects of curcumin may vary with different cytokines and with different areca nut extract treatments.Conclusion:  The complex cytokine profile induced by areca nut extracts‐treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells implied the possibility of enhanced local inflammation and altered immune functions by the areca chewing habit. The inhibitory effects of curcumin on cytokine expression suggested that oxidative stress might be involved in areca nut extracts‐associated immune alteration.
Mechanical force augments the anti‐osteoclastogenic potential of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro
Authors: Kook S‐H. , Son Y‐O. , Choe Y. , Kim J‐H. , Jeon Y‐M. , Heo J‐S. , Kim J‐G. , Lee J‐C. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  The cellular response of human gingival fibroblasts to a mechanical force is considered to be primarily anti‐osteoclastic because they produce relatively high levels of osteoprotegerin. However, there is little information available on the effects of compression force on the production of osteoprotegerin and osteoclastic differentiation by these cells. In this study, we examined how mechanical force affects the nature of human gingival fibroblasts to produce osteoprotegerin and inhibit osteoclastogenesis.Material and Methods:  Human gingival fibroblasts were exposed to mechanical force by centrifugation for 90 min at a magnitude of approximately 50 g/cm2. The levels of osteoprotegerin, receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL), interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α were measured at various time‐points after applying the force. The effect of the centrifugal force on the formation of osteoclast‐like cells was also determined using a co‐culture system of human gingival fibroblasts and bone marrow cells.Results:  Centrifugal force stimulated the expression of osteoprotegerin, RANKL, interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α by the cells, and produced a relatively high osteoprotegerin to RANKL ratio at the protein level. Both interleukin‐1β and tumor necrosis factor‐α accelerated the force‐induced production of osteoprotegerin, which was inhibited significantly by the addition of anti‐(interleukin‐1β) immunoglobulin Ig isotype; IgG (rabbit polyclonal). However, the addition of anti‐(tumor necrosis factor‐α) immunoglobulin Ig isotype; IgG1 (mouse monoclonal) had no effect. Centrifugal force also had an inhibitory effect on osteoclast formation.Conclusion:  Application of centrifugal force to human gingival fibroblasts accelerates osteoprotegerin production by these cells, which stimulates the potential of human gingival fibroblasts to suppress osteoclastogenesis. Overall, human gingival fibroblasts might have natural defensive mechanisms to inhibit bone resorption induced by a mechanical stress.
Autoantibodies to β1‐adrenoceptors in human chronic periodontitis induce overexpression of fibroblast CD40 and trigger prostaglandin E2 generation
Authors: Sterin‐Borda L. , Furlan C. , Borda E. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Autoimmune mechanisms may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. Autoantibodies with the potential to bind and activate β1‐adrenoceptors (β1‐AR) of human gingival fibroblasts were studied to provide evidence of altered humoral immune response in chronic periodontal disease.Material and Methods:  Flow cytometry and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using cell culture‐adherent gingival fibroblasts and/or their purified membranes and/or a synthetic peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop of human β1‐AR were used to detect serum antibodies. The effects of antibodies from chronic periodontal disease patients on PGE2 generation and CD40 expression were also tested.Results:  Circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) from chronic periodontal disease patients (but not from normal individuals) interacted with the fibroblast surface, activating β1‐AR. Atenolol or CGP 20712 (beta 1‐AR antagonists) and β1 synthetic peptide inhibited the interaction of IgG with β1‐AR. Immunoglobulin G from chronic periodontal disease patients also displayed agonist‐like activity associated with specific β1‐AR activation, increasing PGE2 generation and CD40 overexpression. The corresponding affinity‐purified anti‐β1‐AR peptide IgG mimicked these effects. Both effects were prevented by inhibition of cyclo‐oxygenase.Conclusion:  This article supports the participation of humoral immune alterations in chronic periodontal disease resulting in postsynaptic functional deregulation. Overproduction of proinflammatory mediators (PGE2 and CD40 expression) is induced as a consequence of antibody–β1‐AR interaction. The PGE2–CD40–IgG axis may play a part in the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the inflammatory process in chronic periodontal disease.
Factors affecting human supragingival biofilm composition. II. Tooth position
Authors: Haffajee A. D. , Teles R. P. , Patel M. R. , Song X. , Yaskell T. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: October 2008

Background and Objective:  Little is known regarding the factors that affect the microbial composition of supragingival biofilms. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that tooth location affects the microbial composition of supragingival plaque beyond the effect due to plaque mass as reflected by total DNA probe count.Material and Methods:  Supragingival plaque samples were taken from the mesiobuccal aspect of each tooth in 187 subjects (n = 4745 samples). All samples were individually analyzed for their content of 40 bacterial species using checkerboard DNA–DNA hybridization. Significance of differences in mean species counts and proportions were determined among tooth surfaces and six tooth type categories: molars, bicuspids, incisors/canines in the mandible and maxilla separately using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed to examine the relationship between species proportions and total DNA probe count, tooth location, periodontal and smoking status, age and sex.Results:  All species differed significantly among tooth types and among the six tooth categories. Higher plaque levels were seen on molars and lower incisors. Some differences observed between tooth types could be partly explained by the level of plaque. Teeth with high plaque mass exhibited high levels of Capnocytophaga gingivalis, Actinomyces naeslundii genospecies 2, Campylobacter rectus and Campylobacter showae. However, certain species, such as Veillonella parvula and Streptococcus sanguinis, differed significantly at different tooth locations despite similarities in plaque mass. Twenty of the test species exhibited a significant association with tooth location after adjusting for total DNA probe count and subject level factors.Conclusion:  While plaque mass was associated with differences in proportions of many species in supragingival biofilms, tooth location also was strongly associated with species proportions in both univariate and multivariate analyses.