bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Humoral recognition of lipopolysaccharide core antigens of gram-negative bacteria in neonatal swine
Authors: Tyler Jeff W. , Cullor James S. , Thurmond Mark C. , Hird David W. , Parker Kent M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serologic recognition of common lipopolysaccharide core antigens has been related to enhanced resistance to gramnegative bacterial disease in several species. Class-specific titers (IgG, IgM) were determined by direct ELISA, using intact Escherichia coli (J5) as a plate antigen. Serum samples were obtained from 224 neonatal swine between the ages of 36 and 60 hours. The mean (± SEM) log10 IgG titer against gram-negative core antigens was 1:1,713 ± 0.4718 and the mean log10 IgM titer was 1:202 ± 0.5644. The IgG titer was directly related with litter size, birth weight, and serum total IgG concentration; IgM titer was directly related with dam parity and serum total IgG concentration.
Effect of sodium bicarbonate infusions on ionized calcium and total calcium concentrations in serum of clinically normal cats
Authors: Chew Dennis J. , Leonard Mark , Muir William 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of sodium bicarbonate (0.5 mEq/kg of body weight, 1.0 mEq/kg, 2.0 mEq/kg, and 4.0 mEq//kg) on ionized and total calcium concentrations were determined in clinically normal cats. Also, serum pH, whole blood pH, and serum albumin, serum total protein, and serum phosrus concentrations were measured.
Intravenous administration of sodium bicarbonate to awake cats decreased serum ionized calcium and serum total calcium concentrations. All dosages of sodium bicarbonate were associated with significant decreases of serum ionized calcium concentration. This effect lasted for > 180 minutes when cats were given 2.0 mEq/kg or 4.0 mEq/kg. When cats were given 4 mEq of sodium bicarbonate/kg, serum ionized calcium concentration was significantly decreased, compared with that when cats were given lower doses, but only at 10 minutes after infusion. After sodium bicarbonate infusion, serum total calcium concentration, measured by ion-specific electrode and colorimetry, was lower than baseline values at most of the times evaluated. Decreases in serum ionized calcium and serum total calcium concentrations can be attributed only in part to an increase in serum or whole blood pH and to a decrease in serum protein concentration.
Serum total calcium concentrations measured by ionspecific electrode and by colorimetry were positively correlated, but the variability was high. Only 44 % of the variability in serum ionized calcium concentration could be predicted when serum total calcium, albumin, total protein, phosphorus, and bicarbonate concentrations and pH were considered.
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for differentiation of the antibody response of cattle naturally infected with Brucella abortus or vaccinated with strain 19
Authors: Nielsen Klaus , Cherwonogrodzky John W. , Duncan J. Robert , Bundle David R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Purified O chain of Brucella abortus was passively attached to polystyrene to differentiate antibody responses of cattle vaccinated with B abortus strain 19 from those of naturally infected cattle. In the indirect assay, using O polysaccharide as antigen, a single indirect serum dilution was used and mouse monoclonal antibody to bovine L chain conjugated with horseradish peroxidase was the detection reagent. Measurable antibody was not found in sera of vaccinated cattle, except for 3 sera from cattle that were persistently infected with strain 19. Sera from 25 cattle infected with pathogenic strains contained antibody on the basis of results of indirect enzyme immunoassay, using smooth lipopolysaccharide or O chain as antigens. or results of competitive enzyme immunoassay, using the Ochain antigen. Results in sera from calves with experimentally induced Yersinia enterocolitica serotype 0:9 infection or inoculated with a low dose of B abortus strain 2308 were comparable with those in sera of cattle that were vaccinated with strain 19. The data correlated with those from competitive enzyme immunoassay, using one serum dilution and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated mouse monoclonal antibody to smooth lipopolysaccharide. On the basis of results of the indirect enzyme immunoassay, all sera (except those samples obtained before inoculation) contained antibody to smooth lipopolysaccharide.
Alterations in bovine neutrophil function during the periparturient period
Authors: Kehrli Marcus E. , Nonnecke Brian J. , Roth James A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutrophils from 8 Holstein heifers were evaluated for function during the periparturient period. Random migration ingestion of bacteria, superoxide anion production, native (nonenhanced) chemiluminescence, iodination, and antibody-dependent, cell-mediated cytotoxicity by neutrophils were determined. Foremilk samples were evaluated for bacteria. Significant (P < 0.05) increases in random migration of neutrophils, iodination, and chemiluminescence were evident 2 weeks before parturition and then decreased dramatically by the first week after parturition. These impairments of neutrophil function after parturition may be manifested as a severe cumulative deficit in the native defenses afforded by the neutrophil.
Blood bactericidal assay (Pasteurella haemolytica) comparison of morbidity in marketed feeder calves
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Richards Alan B. , Foster Gene S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An in vitro bactericidal assay that used bovine heparinized blood was investigated for its usefulness in detecting differences in the bactericidal immunity of calves against Pasteurella haemolytica serotype 1 (Ph1).
Greater than 90% of killing occurred within 30 minutes. The substitution of fetal calf serum for autologous calf plasma caused loss of bactericidal activity of the blood. Decomplemented calf serum also was low in bactericidal activity. The blood bactericidal assay appears to be op-sonin antibody-dependent and complement-dependent. The coefficient of variation (CV) that can be expected with this assay was established by use of a group of 8 calves; within-day CV maximum was 0.9, and between-day CV maximum was 2.1.
The blood bactericidal assay was used to evaluate 30 calves under typical market stress from 4 farms in eastern Tennessee. All calves had decreased bactericidal activity, as they moved into a feedyard in Texas. The bactericidal activity was reduced among sick calves, based on the severity of clinical signs. Morbidity was highest during the first 14 days in the feedlot. During this period, healthy calves had a decreased bactericidal index (BI) of 4 points, and calves with clinical signs of bovine respi-ratory tract disease for 3 days had a decreased BI of 8 points. The average reduction in the BI of calves with clinical signs of bovine respiratory tract disease for 6 or more days was 14 points.
Reactivity of dorsal pedal vein of cattle to selected alkaloids associated with Acremonium coenophlalum- infected fescue grass
Authors: Solomons Richard N. , Oliver Jack W. , Linnabary Robert D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We determined the vasoconstrictive effects of selected ergot alkaloids, and a sample containing loline and its derivative alkaloids, on the isolated dorsal pedal vein of cattle, as a model system to study one of the toxic effects that result from cattle ingesting fescue forage infected with the endophytic fungus Acremonium coenophialum. The ergot compounds ergotamine, ergosine, and agroclavine constricted this peripheral vein of cattle, but much less so than did the α-adrenergic agonist norepinephrine, which supports the ergots acting as partial agonists for these receptors. However, the sample of loline and loline- derivative alkaloids did not affect the dorsal pedal vein when given at concentrations similar to those of the ergot compounds. Loline and loline-derivative alkaloid sample at high concentrations partially inhibited norepinphrine-elicited vascular contraction, an effect that appeared to be unrelated to α-adrenoceptor activity. Thus, in the dorsal pedal vein model in cattle, the ergopeptide alkaloids were more venoconstrictive than were loline and its derivative alkaloids.
Pharmacokinetics of amikacin in African gray parrots
Authors: Gronwall Ronald , Brown Murray P. , Clubb Susan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Amikacin sulfate was administered to African gray parrots at 3 dosages (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg) via 2 routes (IV and IM). The elimination half-time was approximately 1 hour (range, 0.9 to 1.34 hour). The apparent bioavail-ability of IM administered drug was 61 to 106% and was not dose-related.
Digestion, fecal, and blood variables associated with extensive large colon resection in the horse
Authors: Bertone Alicia L. , Soest Peter J. van , Stashak Ted S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nutritional alterations were evaluated in 9 horses before surgery and 3 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months (4 total trials) after sham operation (group 1; n = 3) or extensive large colon resection (group 2; n = 6). Feed and fecal analyses were performed to determine apparent digestion of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, manganese, zinc, copper, and iron, and true digestion of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, total plant cell wall, hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Additional fecal and metabolic variables included the percentage of fecal water (water in the feces), total fecal water, metabolic organic matter, metabolic crude protein, and metabolic nitrogen. A CBC and standard series of biochemical tests were performed.
Large colon resection decreased (P < 0.05) the true digestion of dietary crude protein and cellulose and apparent digestion of phosphorus, and it increased the fecal metabolic matter and water loss. Total fecal output increased 45% and total fecal water increased 55%. Phosphorus digestion was decreased (P < 0.05) in group-2 horses, but effects of this were not detected on analysis of blood variables or on physical examination. Nevertheless, after extensive large colon resection, horses can regain body weight lost after surgery and have no overt physical changes when fed an alfalfa pellet diet that meets greater-than-maintenance requirements. Ad libitum water access is suggested, because these horses may have to consume 2 gal/day more than would normal horses.
Evaluation of histopathologic and physiologic changes in cows having premature births after consuming Ponderosa pine needles
Authors: Jensen Rue , Pier A. C. , Kaltenbach C. Colin , Murdoch William J. , Becerra V. M. , Mills K. W. , Robinson Jack L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Premature calving, typified by early expulsion (17 to 43 days) of weak or dead calves and accompanied by retained placentas, was induced in 8 of 9 pregnant cows fed a mixture of Ponderosa pine needles and alfalfa hay. Five control cows of comparable gestation age fed only alfalfa hay maintained normal pregnancies until they were euthanatized at the time the pine needle-treated cows were producing premature calves. Serum specimens from all cows were assayed for progesterone concentration and ovaries and placentomes were examined for histopathologic changes. There were no bacterial, fungal, chlamydial, or viral agents determined to be associated with the premature births. Serum progesterone concentration in the treated cows decreased progressively and were 0.4 to 1.5 ng/ml at the time of premature calving. Histopathologic changes were evident in the placenta and corpora lutea of treated cows only. The number of binucleate trophoblastic giant cells in placentomes was less than normal and the number of necrotic luteal cells in corpora lutea was greater than normal.
Immunologic, histopathologic, and bacteriologic responses of five strains of mice to Brucella abortus strain 2308
Authors: Pugh George W. , Zehr Emilie S. , Meador Vincent P. , Phillips Marshall , McDonald Timothy J. , Deyoe Billy L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study was conducted to establish baseline data on Brucella abortus infection induced in 5 strains of mice (CBA/NJ, BALB/c, CD-1, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ). The strains were compared on the basis of immunologic, histopathologic, and bacteriologic responses. There were 4 treatment groups for each strain of mice: (1) vaccinated with homologous lipopolysaccharide and challenge exposed to B abortus strain 2308; (2) not vaccinated but challenge exposed; (3) vaccinated but not challenge exposed; and (4) not vaccinated and not challenge exposed.
Results indicated that mice can be used for comparative studies on the pathogenesis and immunogenesis of B abortus infections; strains of mice may vary in their responses to Brucella infection, regardless of their vaccination status. Bacteriologic and immunologic responses in mouse strains BALB/c, CD-1, C3H/HeN, and C3H/HeJ, but not those of CBA/NJ, were extrapolative among strains.
Serologic and virologic evidence of bluetongue virus infection in cattle and sheep in Mexico
Authors: Stott Jeffrey L. , Blanchard-Channell Myra , Osburn Bennie I. , Riemann H. P. , Obeso R. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three independent 1-year studies were conducted during 3 consecutive years to better define the prevalence of bluetongue virus (btv) infection in Mexico. Serologic data were obtained by use of agar-gel immunodiffusion for identification of btv group-reactive antibodies, and virologic data were obtained by virus isolation. Samples were obtained from sheep in 6 states over a 1-year period, with 9% seropositive; samples were obtained from cattle in 11 states during the same 1-year period, with 35% seropositive. Two years later, samples were obtained from cattle in 4 additional states, with 69% seropositive. Virus isolation was conducted on pooled blood samples obtained from cattle in 7 states. Six virus isolates were recovered and included 2 isolates each of btv serotypes 11 and 13 and 1 isolate each of serotypes 10 and 17. All virus isolates were partially characterized by electrophoretic analysis of genomic rna migration profiles (electropherotypes) in polyacrylamide gels. All Mexican isolates of btv differed considerably in electropherotype profile, as compared with their respective US prototype strain of the same serotype. Such differences appeared to be much more extensive than those described to exist between numerous California isolates of the same serotype.
In vitro function of bovine neutrophils against Actinomyces pyogenes
Authors: Watson Elaine D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Factors that influenced the in vitro bactericidal activity of bovine neutrophils against Actinomyces pyogenes were investigated. Neutrophils and serum from 2 clinically normal donor cows were incubated with bacteria for 2 hours. To determine bactericidal activity, colony-forming units were counted after a 48-hour incubation on blood agar plates. Microscopic examination indicated that in the presence of serum, bacteria were cell associated after incubation, whereas when serum was replaced by medium, bacteria were not cell associated. Bactericidal activity of neutrophils was similar whether the sera were heat-treated at 56 C for 30 minutes or were not heated. Heating the serum at 65 C for 30 minutes significantly (P < 0.001) reduced bactericidal activity. Bactericidal activity decreased (P < 0.001) as serum concentration (< 10%) decreased. More than 80% of the bacteria were killed within the 40 minutes of incubation. The opsonizing capacity of serum varied significantly (P < 0.01) among 12 cows. Similarly, neutrophil bactericidal activity (by cow) was affected significantly (P < 0.001). Preincubation of serum with A pyogenes significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the opsonizing ability of the serum. Culture filtrate of A pyogenes was not chemotactic for neutrophils in vitro.
Preferential decay of passively acquired immunoglobulins recognizing shared gram-negative core antigens in neonatal swine
Authors: Tyler Jeff W. , Cullor James S. , Douglas Vicki L. , Smith Wayne L. , Parker Kent M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum immunoglobulins of the IgG isotype recognizing common gram-negative cell core epitopes were serially measured by use of a direct elisa on blood obtained from 10 neonatal swine. An R-mutant Escherichia coli (strain J5) was used as a plate antigen. Total serum IgG was measured by use of radial immunodiffusion. Half-lives of core antigen-specific IgG (6.81 days) and total serum IgG (14.85 days) were dramatically different (P < 0.01).
Pharmacologic effects and detection methods of methylated analogs of fentanyl in horses
Authors: Weckman T. J. , Tai Chen L. , Woods William E. , Tai H. H. , Blake J. W. , Tobin Thomas 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pharmacologic effects of α-methylfentanyl and 3-methylfentanyl, analogs of fentanyl, were investigated in mares. The ability of an 125I-labeled fentanyl radioimmunoassay (125I-ria) to detect these methylated fentanyl analogs in individual and pooled urine samples from horses was evaluated. Also, the ability of 7 fentanyl antibodies to react with fentanyl and fentanyl derivatives (sufentanil, alfentanil, and carfentanil) was investigated.
Mares were studied in a locomotor test to determine the amount of stimulation methylated fentanyl analogs might induce. Two mares each were given α-methylfentanyl at 1, 2, 4, 8, or 13 μg/kg of body weight, iv, or 3-methylfentanyl at 0.4, 0.7, or 1 μg/kg iv.
The cross-reactivity of sufentanil, alfentanil, carfentanil, α-methylfentanyl, and 3-methylfentanyl with 7 fentanyl antibodies was studied, using the 125I-ria. All fentanyl analogs, with the exception of alfentanil, cross-reacted well with a CI antibody raised to fentanyl. Less satisfactory cross-reactivity was determined with 6 other antibodies raised to fentanyl derivatives. When the CI antibody was combined with an iodinated analog to fentanyl, good detectability of α-methylfentanyl and 3-methylfentanyl, in terms of fentanyl equivalents, was obtained from urine samples of dosed mares.
The ability of the 125I-ria to detect methylated fentanyl analogs in forensic urine samples pooled in groups of up to 20 samples was evaluated. When these methylated analogs were administered to mares in doses that induced measurable locomotor stimulation, the analog's presence was readily detected in individual or pooled samples.
Overriding vertebral spinous processes in the extinct horse, Equus occidentalis
Authors: Klide Alan M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lumbar and thoracic vertebrae of the extinct horse, Equus occidentalis, were examined for gross and radiographic evidence of overriding spinous processes. Of 2,661 vertebrae examined, 580 had intact spinous processes. Thirty-six intact spinous processes, which appeared grossly similar to overriding spinous processes in the modern domestic horse, E caballus caballus, were radiographed. Of these 36 vertebrae, 2 had radiographic signs compatible with a radiographic diagnosis of overriding spinous processes, ie, radiographically observed lysis and/or sclerosis. Seemingly, weight bearing or other stresses imposed by human beings may not have induced the signs of overriding spinous processes.
Morphologie changes in the lamina cribrosa of Beagles with primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Brooks Dennis E. , Samuelson Don A. , Gelatt Kirk N. , Smith Patricia J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Optic nerve axoplasmic flow is known to be impaired at the scleral lamina cribrosa in Beagles with hereditary primary open-angle glaucoma and is similar to the condition in human beings. Trypsin and detergent digestion to remove all neural, vascular, and glial cellular tissue revealed a well-developed scleral lamina cribrosa in the normal dog in this study. Beagles with primary open-angle glaucoma had sighs of mechanical distortion of the anterior lamina cribrosa prior to the detection of ophthalmoscopic changes in the optic nerve head. This change in the supporting architecture of the optic nerve began early and increased in severity as the disease process progressed.
Erythrocyte distribution in ducks
Authors: Hebert R. , Nanney J. , Spano J. S. , Pedersoli W. M. , Krista L. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A study on erythrocyte distribution was performed on 10 healthy, nonstressed adult white Pekin ducks. Results indicated 2 populations of erythrocytes, with average mean corpuscular volumes of 128.37 fl/cell and 308.50 fl/cell. Variations in erythrogram patterns were evident over time, when comparing specimens from different ducks or the same duck. There were 5 patterns of cell number/volume distribution observed between the 2 cell populations when all ducks were studied. Females had a greater change than did males when population density and volume percentage comparisons were made on erythrocyte compartments.
Effect of canine parvovirus on erythroid progenitors in phenylhydrazine-induced regenerative hemolytic anemia in dogs
Authors: Brock K. V. , Jones J. B. , Skull R. M. , Potgieter L. N. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of canine parvovirus (cpv) infection in dogs with hemolytic anemia was compared with the clinical effects of human parvovirus-induced aplastic anemia in human beings with chronic regenerative anemias. Phenylhydrazine was used to induce a transient, severe, hemolytic anemia in dogs to evaluate the effects of cpv infection on rapidly dividing bone marrow precursors. Erythrocyte colony-forming unit bone marrow cultures and cytologic examination of bone marrow were used to determine the effects of cpv infection on erythroid bone marrow precursors. The induced hemolytic anemia regenerated rapidly and although the bone marrow was infected, it was determined that cpv infection did not induce a detectable decrease in erythroid progenitors in dogs with severe hemolytic anemia.
Culture-positive persistence and serum agglutinating antibody response after intrauterine inoculation of Haemophilus somnus in virgin heifers
Authors: Hoblet K. H. , Haibel G. K. , Kowalski J. J. , Rojko J. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Viable Haemophilus somnus of reproductive tract origin (OSU-1167) was inoculated transcervically into the uterus of 6 virgin heifers. Five heifers were sham-inoculated (intrauterine) with sterile mycoplasmal medium and served as controls. After inoculation and observation, all heifers had nasal and vaginal vestibular swab specimens and serum obtained periodically for 44 days. Signs of systemic illness were not detected. On the day after inoculation, all inoculated heifers had signs of vulvovaginitis, whereas none of the control heifers had similar signs (P < 0.002). Haemophilus somnus was not isolated from any nasal or vaginal vestibular swab specimens obtained before inoculation or from any nasal swab specimens obtained after inoculation. During the 44 days after inoculation, H somnus was isolated from 25 of 54 vestibular specimens obtained from inoculated heifers and from 3 of 45 specimens obtained from controls (P < 0.02). Vulvovaginal lesions were associated with vestibular isolation of H somnus in 23 of 25 (92%) such isolations from inoculated heifers; lesions were never associated with concurrent isolation of H somnus in controls. All heifers had H somnus microagglutination test (mat) titer ≤ 256 against a commercially prepared H somnus antigen at the beginning of the study. Considered as groups, neither inoculated nor control heifers achieved fourfold increases in mat titer during the 44 days after inoculation. When compared by day of sample collection, inoculated heifers did have significantly (P < 0.04) lower geometric mean titer at 7 days after inoculation than did control heifers when tested by use of a commercially prepared antigen. It was concluded that H somnus OSU-1167 induced vulvovaginitis, but infection was not reliably documented by increased mat titer.