bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Versatile Transreplication-Based System To Identify Cellular Proteins Involved in Geminivirus Replication
Authors: Morilla Gabriel , Castillo Araceli G. , Preiss Werner , Jeske Holger , Bejarano Eduardo R. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

A versatile green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression cassette containing the replication origins of the monopartite begomovirus
Tomato yellow leaf curl Sardinia virus
(TYLCSV) is described. Transgenic
Nicotiana benthamiana
plants containing one copy of the cassette stably integrated into their genome were superinfected with TYLCSV, which mobilized and replicated the cassette as an episomal replicon. The expression of the reporter gene (the GFP gene) was thereby modified. Whereas GFP fluorescence was dimmed in the intercostal areas, an increase of green fluorescence in veins of all leaves placed above the inoculation site, as well as in transport tissues of roots and stems, was observed. The release of episomal
trans
replicons from the transgene and the increase in GFP expression were dependent on the cognate geminiviral replication-associated protein (Rep) and required interaction between Rep and the intergenic region of TYLCSV. This expression system is able to monitor the replication status of TYLCSV in plants, as induction of GFP expression is only produced in those tissues where Rep is present. To further confirm this notion, the expression of a host factor required for geminivirus replication, the proliferating cellular nuclear antigen (PCNA) was transiently silenced. Inhibition of PCNA prevented GFP induction in veins and reduced viral DNA. We propose that these plants could be widely used to easily identify host factors required for geminivirus replication by virus-induced gene silencing.
Infection and Persistence of Rhesus Monkey Rhadinovirus in Immortalized B-Cell Lines
Authors: Bilello John P. , Lang Sabine M. , Wang Fred , Aster Jon C. , Desrosiers Ronald C. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT
Similar to its close relative human herpesvirus 8, rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV) persists predominantly in B cells of its natural host. Rhesus monkey B-cell lines immortalized by the Epstein-Barr-related virus from rhesus monkeys (rhEBV) were used as targets for infection by RRV. These cultured B cells were susceptible to infection by RRV and continued to produce low titers of RRV for months of continuous culture. Infection by RRV did not detectably alter the growth rates of these B-cell lines when it was measured at standard or reduced serum concentrations. Depending on the cell line, 5 to 40% of the B cells stained positive for the RRV genome by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Most RRV-positive cells showed a fine punctate nuclear staining pattern consistent with latent infection, while a small minority of cells (0.2 to 1%) contained large, intensely staining nuclear foci consistent with productive, replicative infection. Greater than 90% of the cells were rhEBV genome positive in a pattern consistent with latent infection, and again only a small minority of cells showed a productive, replicative staining pattern. Dual, two-color FISH staining revealed coinfection of numerous cells with both RRV and rhEBV, but productive replication of RRV and rhEBV was always observed in separate cells, never in the same cell. Thus, productive replication of RRV is unlinked to that of rhEBV; factors that influence activation to productive replication act separately on RRV and rhEBV, even within the same cell. The percentage of B cells expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) early after infection with a recombinant RRV containing a GFP reporter gene was dose dependent and at a low multiplicity of infection increased progressively over time until 14 to 17 days after infection. These results establish a naturalistic cell culture system for the study of infection and persistence by RRV in rhesus monkey B cells.
Brd4 Is Involved in Multiple Processes of the Bovine Papillomavirus Type 1 Life Cycle
Authors: Ilves Ivar , Mäemets Kristina , Silla Toomas , Janikson Kadri , Ustav Mart 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT
Brd4 protein has been proposed to act as a cellular receptor for the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) E2 protein in the E2-mediated chromosome attachment and mitotic segregation of viral genomes. Here, we provide data that show the involvement of Brd4 in multiple early functions of the BPV1 life cycle, suggest a Brd4-dependent mechanism for E2-dependent transcription activation, and indicate the role of Brd4 in papillomavirus and polyomavirus replication as well as cell-specific utilization of Brd4-linked features in BPV1 DNA replication. Our data also show the potential therapeutic value of the disruption of the E2-Brd4 interaction for the development of antiviral drugs.
Phylogenetic Evidence for the Rapid Evolution of Human B19 Erythrovirus
Authors: Shackelton Laura A. , Holmes Edward C. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

Human B19 erythrovirus is a ubiquitous viral pathogen, commonly infecting individuals before adulthood. As with all autonomous parvoviruses, its small single-stranded DNA genome is replicated with host cell machinery. While the mechanism of parvovirus genome replication has been studied in detail, the rate at which B19 virus evolves is unknown. By inferring the phylogenetic history and evolutionary dynamics of temporally sampled B19 sequences, we observed a surprisingly high rate of evolutionary change, at approximately 10
−4
nucleotide substitutions per site per year. This rate is more typical of RNA viruses and suggests that high mutation rates are characteristic of the
Parvoviridae
.
Role of polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry in the cytological assessment of lymphoid proliferations
Authors: Venkatraman L , Catherwood M A , Patterson A , Lioe T F , McCluggage W G , Anderson N H 
Published: March 2006

Background:Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is used as a screening test to evaluate lymphadenopathy. The combined use of genetic analysis and flow cytometry for immunophenotyping has increased the accuracy of diagnosis and correct categorisation of lymphomas on cytological preparations.Aim:To show the utility of immunocytochemistry and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the evaluation of cytological preparations of lymph nodes.Methods:Fine needle aspirates were obtained from 33 patients (initial presentation, n = 27; recurrence, n = 6). Routine examination was undertaken using immunocytochemistry and DNA PCR to detect clonality and specific translocations. The cytodiagnosis and subclassification of lymphoma was correlated with histological diagnosis in the available follow-up biopsies.Results:14 patients had a cytological diagnosis of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL), 4 had suspected NHL, 2 had atypical lymphoid proliferation and 13 had reactive hyperplasia. A World Health Organization (WHO) subtype was suggested in 8 patients. Incorporating the results of immunoglobulin heavy chain (IgH) and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangements enabled diagnosis of lymphoma in 17 patients, including 5 of the 6 patients suspected to have NHL or an atypical lymphoid proliferation. Identification of the translocations t (14;18) and t (2;5) helped WHO categorisation in 3 of the patients. The cytological findings were confirmed in 12 out of the 13 patients for whom histological follow-up was available. Seven of the 18 lymphoma patients were managed without a subsequent biopsy. We made one false–positive diagnosis of B-cell NHL on cytology.Conclusion:The use of immunocytochemistry and PCR is valuable in the definitive diagnosis and subtyping of malignant lymphomas on cytological preparations. The use of these techniques may avoid lymph node biopsies in some cases and allow definitive treatment based on aspirate findings alone.
Sedimentation characteristics of leucocytes can predict bacteraemia in critical care patients: Figure 1
Authors: Bogar L , Molnar Z , Kenyeres P , Tarsoly P 
Published: March 2006

Background:Early detection of blood stream infection can be lifesaving, but the results of blood cultures are not usually available before 24 hours after blood sampling. An earlier indication would lead to the initiation of immediate and adequate antibiotic treatment with obvious advantages for the patient.Objective:To evaluate the ability of leucocyte count, serum procalcitonin (PCT) concentration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and leucocyte antisedimentation rate (LAR) in predicting the blood culture results in critical care patients.Methods:39 consecutive patients with their first febrile episode were investigated prospectively. LAR was determined as the percentage of leucocytes crossing the midline of a blood column upward during one hour of gravity sedimentation. The relevance of the different variables was estimated by likelihood ratio tests and area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC).Results:23 patients had positive blood culture results and 16 negative. LAR was significantly higher in bacteraemic patients than in non-bacteraemic patients (p = 0.001), but leucocyte count, ESR and PCT level failed to show significant differences. Leucocyte count, PCT, and ESR yielded low discriminative values with the AUCs of 0.66, 0.64, and 0.52, respectively. LAR provided a likelihood ratio of 3.6 and an AUC of 0.80 (95% confidence interval, 0.64 to 0.95) (p = 0.002).Conclusions:The simple LAR test can predict blood culture results and support urgent treatment decisions in critical care patients in their first febrile episode.
Effects of rapid tryptophan depletion on salivary cortisol in older people recovered from depression, and the healthy elderly
Authors: Porter Richard J. , Gallagher Peter , O’Brien John T. 
Published: March 2006

Reduced serotonin (5-HT) function and abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are thought to play a role in the aetiology of major depression. We sought to examine this issue in the elderly by assessing the effects of lowering brain 5-HT on salivary and plasma cortisol in elderly patients who had recovered from at least one episode of major depression and in a healthy, age matched comparison group. A double-blind, cross-over design involving administration of two nutritionally balanced amino acid mixtures (with or without tryptophan) was used. Salivary cortisol was measured at intervals before and after the drink. There was no effect of acute tryptophan depletion (ATD) on salivary cortisol (ATD by time; F=0.97, df=7,210, p =0.454) but a significant interaction between group and time (F=3.91, df=7,210, p =0.010). Healthy subjects showed a marked increase in cortisol levels 2-3 hours into the procedure regardless of drink composition while recovered depressed subjects did not. In elderly patients who had recovered from depression there was no evidence of greater vulnerability of hypothalamic 5-HT pathways to 5-HT depletion. However, they demonstrated reduced reactivity of the HPA axis compared to healthy subjects.
XML-based IUPAC standard for experimental, predicted, and critically evaluated thermodynamic property data storage and capture (ThermoML) (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)
Authors: Frenkel Michael , Chiroco Robert D. , Diky Vladimir , Dong Qian , Marsh Kenneth N. , Dymond John H. , Wakeham William A. , Stein Stephen E. , Königsberger Erich , Goodwin Anthony R. H. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
ThermoML is an Extensible Markup Language (XML)-based new IUPAC standard for storage and exchange of experimental, predicted, and critically evaluated thermophysical and thermochemical property data. The basic principles, scope, and description of all structural elements of ThermoML are discussed. ThermoML covers essentially all thermodynamic and transport property data (more than 120 properties) for pure compounds, multicomponent mixtures, and chemical reactions (including change-of-state and equilibrium reactions). Representations of all quantities related to the expression of uncertainty in ThermoML conform to the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). The ThermoMLEquation schema for representation of fitted equations with ThermoML is also described and provided as supporting information together with specific formulations for several equations commonly used in the representation of thermodynamic and thermophysical properties. The role of ThermoML in global data communication processes is discussed. The text of a variety of data files (use cases) illustrating the ThermoML format for pure compounds, mixtures, and chemical reactions, as well as the complete ThermoML schema text, are provided as supporting information.
JCAMP-DX for electron magnetic resonance (EMR) (IUPAC Recommendations 2006)
Authors: Cammack Richard , Fann Yang , Lancashire Robert J. , Maher John P. , McIntyre Peter S. , Morse Reef 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
In this document, we define a data exchange format initially formulated from discussions of an International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) limited-term task group at the 35th Royal Society of Chemistry-ESR conference in Aberdeen 2002. The definition of this format is based on the IUPAC Joint Committee on Atomic and Molecular Physical Data Exchange (JCAMPDX) protocols, which were developed for the exchange of infrared spectra and extended to chemical structures, nuclear magnetic resonance data, mass spectra, and ion mobility spectra. This standard of the JCAMP-DX was further extended to cover year 2000 compatible date strings and good laboratory practice, and the next release will cover the information needed for storing n-dimensional data sets. The aim of this paper is to adapt JCAMP-DX to the special requirements for electron magnetic resonance (EMR).
Uncertainty estimation and figures of merit for multivariate calibration (IUPAC Technical Report)
Authors: Olivieri Alejandro C. , Faber Nicolaas M. , Ferré Joan , Boqué Ricard , Kalivas John H. , Mark Howard 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
This paper gives an introduction to multivariate calibration from a chemometrics perspective and reviews the various proposals to generalize the well-established univariate methodology to the multivariate domain. Univariate calibration leads to relatively simple models with a sound statistical underpinning. The associated uncertainty estimation and figures of merit are thoroughly covered in several official documents. However, univariate model predictions for unknown samples are only reliable if the signal is sufficiently selective for the analyte of interest. By contrast, multivariate calibration methods may produce valid predictions also from highly unselective data. A case in point is quantification from near-infrared (NIR) spectra. With the ever-increasing sophistication of analytical instruments inevitably comes a suite of multivariate calibration methods, each with its own underlying assumptions and statistical properties. As a result, uncertainty estimation and figures of merit for multivariate calibration methods has become a subject of active research, especially in the field of chemometrics.
Epidemiology, Outcomes, and Costs of Invasive Aspergillosis in Immunocompromised Children in the United States, 2000
Authors: Zaoutis Theoklis E. , Heydon Kateri , Chu Jaclyn H. , Walsh Thomas J. , Steinbach William J. 
Published: March 2006

OBJECTIVE. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) is the most common filamentous fungal infection observed in immunocompromised patients. The incidence of invasive aspergillosis has increased significantly in recent decades in parallel with the increasing number and improved survival of immunocompromised patients. IA in adults has been well characterized; however, only a few small studies of IA in children have been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study was to describe the incidence and outcomes of children with IA
METHODS. We performed a retrospective cohort study using the 2000 Kids Inpatient Database, a national database of hospital inpatient stays during 2000. IA was defined as aspergillosis that occurred in a child with malignancy (solid tumor, leukemia, or lymphoma), hematologic/immunologic deficiency, or transplant (bone marrow or solid organ). Discharge weighting was applied to the data to obtain nationally representative estimates of disease.
RESULTS. During 2000, there were an estimated 666 pediatric cases of IA among 152231 immunocompromised children, yielding an annual incidence of 437/100000 (0.4%) among hospitalized immunocompromised children. Children with malignancy accounted for the majority (74%) of cases of IA. The highest incidence of IA was seen in children who had undergone allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (4.5%) and those with acute myelogenous leukemia (4%). The overall in-hospital mortality of immunocompromised children with IA was 18%. Children with malignancy and IA were at higher risk for death than children with malignancy and without IA. Pediatric patients with IA had a significantly longer median length of hospital stay (16 days) than immunocompromised children without IA (3 days). The median total hospital charges for patients with IA were $49309 compared with immunocompromised children without IA ($9035).
CONCLUSIONS. The impact of IA on increases in mortality, length of hospital stay, and the burden of cost in the hospital setting underscores the need for improved means of diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of IA in immunocompromised children.
Evaluation of client perceptions concerning outcome of cataract surgery in dogs
Authors: Appel Sherry L. , Maggs David J. , Hollingsworth Steven R. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Objective—To compare client perception of outcome of phacoemulsification in dogs with information obtained from medical records.
Design—Retrospective cohort study.
Animals—108 dogs (203 eyes) undergoing phacoemulsification from May 1999 through April 2004.
Procedure—Data obtained from medical records included signalment, presence of diabetes mellitus, cataract stage, whether surgery was unilateral or bilateral, intraocular lens (IOL) placement, and postoperative complications. Owners completed a survey concerning outcome of phacoemulsification in their dog. Survey responses from owners classified as satisfied or dissatisfied with the outcome of phacoemulsification on the basis of their willingness, in retrospect, to have the surgery performed again were compared.
Results—Data from medical records and survey responses were available for 108 dogs (203 eyes). Median follow-up was 3 months via medical record review and 12 months via owner survey responses. Most (81%) owners were satisfied with outcome. The most common reason for dissatisfaction was loss of vision after surgery; however, most dissatisfied owners did not return their dog for examinations. Owner perception of success was not associated with patient age, sex, presence of diabetes mellitus, cataract stage, or IOL placement in at least 1 eye but was associated with perceived improvement of their pet's vision and activity level. Dissatisfied owners were significantly more likely to report that explanation of risks and complications before surgery was inadequate.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Owner perception of outcome after phacoemulsification in dogs was highly favorable. However, surgical risks and the importance of postoperative examinations, particularly in dogs undergoing visual deterioration, must be conveyed to clients.
Association of neonatal serum immunoglobulin G1 concentration with health and performance in beef calves
Authors: Dewell Reneé D. , Hungerford Laura L. , Keen James E. , Laegreid William W. , Griffin D. Dee , Rupp Gary P. , Grotelueschen Dale M. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate associations between neonatal serum IgG1 concentration and pre- and postweaning morbidity and mortality rates and average daily gains (ADGs) in beef calves and define a cutoff point for serum IgG1 concentration necessary for optimal health and performance of beef calves.
Design—Nonconcurrent cohort study.
Animals—1,568 crossbred beef calves.
Procedure—Single radial immunodiffusion was used to quantitate IgG1 concentration in sera collected from calves between 24 and 72 hours after birth. Logistic regression, ANCOVA, and likelihood ratios were used to analyze data.
Results—In the preweaning period, lower perinatal IgG1 concentrations were significantly associated with higher morbidity rates, higher mortality rates, and lower ADGs. Calves with serum IgG1 concentration < 2,400 mg/dL were 1.6 times as likely to become ill before weaning and 2.7 times as likely to die before weaning as calves with higher serum IgG1 concentrations. Calves with serum IgG1 concentration of at least 2,700 mg/dL weighed an estimated 3.35 kg (7.38 lb) more at 205 days of age than calves with lower serum IgG1 concentration. No significant association of serum IgG1 concentration with feedlot morbidity, death, or ADG was identified.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—By use of likelihood ratios, the threshold of serum IgG1 concentration for optimal health and performance of calves was higher than values reported previously. Implementation and maintenance of management and intervention strategies designed for early detection and treatment of calves at risk for failure of passive transfer will likely result in increases in preweaning health and performance parameters.
Thiophenol‐Modified CdS Nanoparticles Enhance the Luminescence of Benzoxyl Dendron‐ Substituted Polyfluorene Copolymers
Authors: Chou C.‐H. , Wang H.‐S. , Wei K.‐H. , Huang J. Y. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractHighly luminescent dendron‐substituted copolyfluorenes that incorporate surface‐modified cadmium sulfide nanoparticles have been prepared. A small percentage of these nanoparticles can be incorporated into the dendritic structures upon tailoring the interfaces between the ligands on the nanoparticles and the dendritic structures in the copolyfluorene. Both the photoluminescence and electroluminescence efficiencies of the polymer nanocomposites are dramatically enhanced—sometimes more than doubled—relative to the values of the pure polymer.
1H‐ and 13C‐NMR, FTIR, UV‐VIS, ESI‐MS, and PM5 studies as well as emission properties of a new Schiff base of gossypol with 5‐methoxytryptamine and a new hydrazone of gossypol with dansylhydrazine
Authors: Przybylski Piotr , Bejcar Grzegorz , Huczyński Adam , Schroeder Grzegorz , Brzezinski Bogumił , Bartl Franz 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA new Schiff base of gossypol with 5‐methoxytryptamine (GSTR) and a new hydrazone of gossypol with dansylhydrazine (GHDH) have been synthesized and studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ultraviolet‐visible (UV‐VIS), electrospray ionization–mass spectroscopy (ESI‐MS) as well as the parametric method PM5. The spectroscopic methods have provided clear evidence that GSTR exists in chloroform solution as an enamine–enamine tautomer, whereas GHDH is present in chloroform as a N‐imine–N‐imine tautomer. The fluorescence spectra of both compounds indicate that their quantum yield of fluorescence is increased by one or two orders of magnitude compared to that of pure gossypol. The ESI‐MS spectra of the 1:1 mixtures of GSTR or GHDH with formic acid have demonstrated that both compounds exist as protonated monomers in the gas phase, whereas GHDH can also exist in a stable protonated dimeric structure. The structures of the stable tautomers are calculated and visualized using the PM5 semiempirical method. The intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds within these structures are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82: 521–535, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com