bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
POTENCY ESTIMATES OF HUMAN GONADOTROPHINS BY A BIOASSAY AND THREE IMMUNOASSAY METHODS
Authors: Robyn C. , L'Hermite M. , Petrusz P. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG), human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) and human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG) preparations were assayed by a bioassay and three immunoassay methods. The bioassay method was based on the increase in weight of the accessory reproductive organs of immature male rats. The immunoassays included haemagglutination inhibition, a radioimmunoassay using the double antibody technique and a solid phase radioimmunoassay using coated tubes. The same anti-HCG serum was employed in all immunoassays.
When relatively crude HCG preparations (< 6000 IU/mg) were assayed, there was a highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation between the estimates obtained by all methods. However, when highly purified HCG preparations (> 6000 IU/mg) were assayed, the bioassay gave significantly higher potency estimates than the immunoassays. Furthermore, the estimates obtained by radioimmunoassays were significantly higher than those obtained by haemagglutination inhibition. However, the results obtained by the two radioimmunoassays showed a highly significant (P < 0.001) correlation.
The regression coefficient of the line relating the logit transform of the response to loge, of the dose was significantly higher (b =−1.700±0.7322)) in assays employing the double antibody technique (a non-equilibrium system) than in solid phase (b =−0.945 ± 0.116) immunoassays (an equilibrium system).
When highly purified HCG preparations were assayed by the double antibody technique, the regression coefficients were significantly higher than those obtained with the standard preparations.
In relation to their biological activity, HMG preparations contained much less immunological activity, than HHG preparations. In addition, the regression lines obtained with HCG, HMG and HHG preparations showed significant deviations from parallelism when estimated by radioimmunoassays.
The precision and sensitivity of the four assay methods increased in the following order: bioassay, haemagglutination inhibition, solid phase radioimmunoassay and radioimmunoassay involving the use of the double antibody technique.
It is concluded that in relation to their biological activity, marked differences exist in the immunological activities of highly purified and relatively crude HCG preparations. In addition, the immunological activities of HCG, HMG and HHG preparations are dissimilar, when immunoassayed by the use of an anti-HCG serum.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL, IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Matthies D. L. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Gel filtration of pregnancy urine on Sephadex G-100 separates two molecular species related to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG). One is a slightly retarded fraction which possesses biological activity but little or no immunological activity. The other is a highly retarded fraction which possesses immunological activity but no detectable biological activity. The highly retarded material could not be detected in pregnancy serum nor in extracts of first trimester placentas. A nonpregnant woman injected intravenously with purified HCG which displayed only slight retardation on the column produced urine which contained the highly retarded material. Experiments are described, the results of which suggest that the highly retarded material is a separate component of urine, probably generated by the kidney.
THE EARLY ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE
Authors: Warner Stanley M. , Frasier S. Douglas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The development of antibodies to human growth hormone (HGH) was studied in three growth hormone deficient patients utilizing specific antisera to Ig G and Ig M immunoglobulins. At 2½ weeks after beginning growth hormone administration binding of HGH131I to Ig M (12.1–16.3 %) and Ig G (8.8–11.2 %) immunoglobulins was demonstrated. At 13 weeks after the onset of therapy binding to Ig M had decreased (7.2-9.4 %) and the binding to Ig G had increased (11.2–15.7 %). The binding of HGH131I to immunoglobulins was inhibited by unlabelled HGH. These findings, which are typical of the sequential development of antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes seen in the early antibody response, strengthen the concept that the binding of HGH131I to plasma proteins observed in response to HGH therapy represents the development of specific antibody.
THE EFFECT OF CORTICOTROPHIN ON THE RAT UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Hipkin L. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the mouse uterus assay is augmented by the daily injection of corticotrophin (ACTH). This phenomenon has been further investigated in the rat.
Synthetic ACTH (75μg) and dehydroepiandrosterone (1.0 mg) augmented responses to 0.1 IU, 0.2 IU and 0.4 IU HCG in the rat uterus assay. The basal uterine weight was also elevated by the treatment. This effect could not be demonstrated in castrated or hypophysectomised animals, and in the latter the response to HCG was not augmented. Cortisone and corticosterone did not affect HCG assay.
Cortisone administration did not suppress the augmenting effect of either carbon tetrachloride or urine extract administration on HCG activity. Mean uterine weights from bilaterally adrenalectomised rats were significantly higher than those from intact or sham operated animals.
The results are discussed with reference to the augmentation of HCG activity produced by non-specific stressful procedures.
A RAPID TEST OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION USING HOMACTID (SYNTHETIC αh1–28 ACTH)
Authors: Woodings D. F. , Young P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
As a short test of adrenocortical function, plasma cortisol values were determined before, and 15 and 30 minutes after, a single intravenous injection of 10 μg of a synthetic polypeptide αh1–28 ACTH (HOMACTID) given between 9 and 10 a. m. Its usefulness in a screening test to exclude primary adrenocortical insufficiency is suggested based on a single plasma corticosteroid concentration obtained 30 minutes after the HOMACTID injection, a normal response being a level of greater than 19 μg/100 ml at this time.
In 30 control subjects the mean plasma cortisol level rose by 8.9 (± se 0.8) μg/100 ml at 15 minutes and 12.0 (± se 0.9) μg/100 ml at 30 minutes from a resting value of 15.5 (± se 1.1) μg/100 ml.
HOMACTID can thus be used as a quick test of adrenal function in the same way as Synacthen®.
IMMUNOASSAY OF HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINIZING HORMONE (LH) IN URINE. A COMPARISON BETWEEN A HAEMAGGLUTINATION AND RADIOIMMUNOSORBENT METHOD
Authors: Hobson Bruce 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A modified haemagglutination inhibition test (Luteonosticon) was used to estimate human pituitary LH in urines from 66 women and 2 men. The results were compared with those obtained by a radioimmunosorbent method on the same urine samples. The correlation between the results of the two methods was highly significant (P < 0.001).
OXYDATION DES ANABOLIKUMS 1-METHYL-ANDROST-1-EN-17β-OL-3-ON MIT WASSERSTOFFTRANSFER AUF ÖSTRON
Authors: Wenzel Martin 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
With the aid of metenolon-17α-T a tritium-transfer to oestrone in rat liver slices was demonstrated. This tritium-transfer from metenolon17α-T to oestrone yielding tritium-labelled oestradiol had a higher efficiency in male than in female rat liver. Correspondingly in the presence of metenolon the relation of oestrone to oestradiol is changed more in male than in female rat liver.
Looking for biochemical differences between the anabolic steroid metenolon and testosterone the oxydation at C17 was measured in different organs of the rat using 17α-T-labelled steroids. The highest oxydation rate was found for both steroids in the liver. In the sexual organs of male rats the oxydation rate of testosterone was 50–10 times higher than that of the anabolic steroid. This difference was less in sexual organs of female rats.
This result of a greater biochemical difference between both steroids in males than in females leads to the question, whether the dissociation between the anabolic and the androgen effects is higher in males than in females.
FAILLURE TO DETECT 3β,11β,17α,21-TETRAHYDROXY-5-PREGNEN-20-ONE IN PLASMA OBTAINED FROM HUMAN UMBILICAL CORDS AND HUMAN INFANT URINE
Authors: Melville Edith , Kelly R. W. , Mitchell F. L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A possible pathway for the synthesis of cortisol in utero and in early infancy, via Δ5 steroidal intermediates has been suggested by the tentative identification of hydroxylated derivatives of 3β-hydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one. The penultimate compound in such a pathway (3β,11β,17α,21-tetrahydroxy-5-pregnen-20-one) has been searched for in blood from umbilical cords and in infant urine. None could be detected at a level of 0.5 μg/100 ml.
INFLUENCE OF DYDROGESTERONE (6-DEHYDRORETROPROGESTERONE, DUPHASTON®) ON OVULATION IN THE RAT, RABBIT AND MONKEY
Authors: Claassen V. , Morsink L. , de Wachter A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of dydrogesterone on ovulation has been studied in several experiments in the rat, rabbit and monkey and compared with progesterone and chlormadinone acetate.
In rats the effect of dydrogesterone is comparable to that of sc progesterone in that it can both induce and delay ovulation. In rabbits, dydrogesterone, in contrast to progesterone, only weakly inhibits induced ovulation.
In monkeys, dydrogesterone apparently does not interfere with ovulation when administered im in doses of 0.2 mg/kg twice daily from day 5 onwards in the cycle.
ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE TO ETHANOL IN MICE: MODIFICATION BY CHRONIC ETHANOL CONSUMPTION
Authors: Kakihana R. , Butte J. C. , Hathaway A. , Noble E. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of chronic ethanol consumption (10 % in water, v/v) on the adrenocortical response to acute injection of ethanol (1.6 g/kg) is studied in C57BL mice. The chronic consumption of ethanol resulted in the alteration of the temporal pattern of the adrenocortical response with peak corticosterone elevation occurring at 20 minutes and significantly lower levels than in the controls at all time points studied thereafter. This alteration of the pituitary-adrenal system demonstrated by the low plasma corticosterone level 60 minutes after alcohol injection takes place as quickly as after one week of ethanol consumption but deadaptation of this endocrine response is slower than the adaptation process. Data are presented to indicate that alcohol metabolism, adrenal sensitivity, and corticosterone turnover are not likely to be factors responsible for the differences in the steroid levels in ethanol-adapted and non-adapted mice.
INFLUENCE OF THE LITHIUM ION ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THYROXINE AND THYROGLOBULIN IN THE RAT
Authors: Ljunggren J.-G. , Sedvall G. , Levin K. , Fyrö B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats were treated intraperitoneally (ip) with saline, lithium chloride or propylthiouracil (PTU) for two weeks. The uptake of iodine-125 and iodine-131 into the thyroid gland was markedly reduced by PTU and lithium treatment. PB125I was significantly reduced after lithium and PTU, as was the PBI. There was no evidence for an inhibitory effect of lithium on the biosynthesis of thyroxine or thyroglobulin. Thyroxine synthesis was markedly affected by PTU-treatment. The iodination of tyrosine was particularly reduced.
EFFECTS OF LOCAL APPLICATION OF TESTOSTERONE, TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE OR 5α-DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE INTO THE SEMINAL VESICLE OF IMMATURE AND ADULT CASTRATE RATS
Authors: Fujii Tomoko , Nakazawa Reiko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone, testosterone propionate or 5α-dihydrotestosterone injected into the lumen of the seminal vesicle of 4-week-old or adult castrate rats failed to stimulate the growth of the seminal vesicle in doses of 0.02 to 50 μg when the steroids were dissolved in 50 to 70 % propylene glycol. Only a larger amount of the steroids in propylene glycol, 300 μg per lobe, produced an increase in the weight of the seminal vesicle of adult castrate rats. The application of 10 μg of each steroid in olive oil, however, stimulated the growth of the seminal vesicle in immature castrate rats 24 and 48 h after treatment.
The instillation of testosterone, testosterone propionate or 5α-dihydrotestosterone dissolved in olive oil into the lumen of the seminal vesicle of immature castrate rats produced a greater increase in the weight of the ventral prostate than in the seminal vesicle. When 10 μg of the steroid was instilled, the weight of the seminal vesicle increased by 25 % above the control value, whereas the increase in the prostate was more than 50 % above the control value at 24 h. The prostate responded with increased growth after the steroids were injected into the lumen of the ligated lobes of the seminal vesicle of adult castrate rats. Testosterone was less effective than testosterone propionate or 5α-dihydrotestosterone.
EFFECT OF ANTI-ANDROGENS ON THE UPTAKE AND BINDING OF ANDROGEN BY HUMAN BENIGN NODULAR PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA IN VITRO
Authors: Hansson Vidar , Tveter Kjell J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of anti-androgenic compounds on the uptake and binding of androgen in human benign nodular prostatic hyperplasia was studied in vitro.
The two anti-androgenic compounds, Cyproterone (1,2α-methylene-6-chloro-4,6-pregnadien-17α-ol-3,20-dione) and 17α-methyl-β-nortestosterone (SK & F 7690) were both capable of reducing the uptake of 3H-labelled testeosterone. In four patients, the average reduction caused by Cyproterone was 27 per cent and by 17α-methyl-β-nortestosterone 38 per cent.
These two compounds were also capable of reducing the formation of androgen-macromolecular complexes both in the cytosol and in nuclei obtained from prostatic homogenates.
A LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF THE URINARY EXCRETION OF INDIVIDUAL STEROIDS IN CHILDREN FROM 3 TO 7 YEARS OLD
Authors: Gupta D. , Marshall W. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A longitudinal study was made of the daily urinary excretion, on or near each birthday, of a number of C19 and C21 steroids in 9 healthy girls and 5 healthy boys aged 3 to 7 years. The amount of androsterone excreted by each individual increased slowly during the period of study but the absolute amounts varied greatly between individuals. The excretion of aetiocholanolone was greater than that of androsterone, contrary to reported findings in older children. Small amounts of DHA were found. Testosterone was found in only about 40% of samples; epitestosterone in 70 % and 11β-OH-androsterone in only 62 %. Cortisol metabolites were excreted in amounts which increased with age and all three metabolites of corticosterone were present in most specimens. 11-Deoxycortisol was found in about 50 % of the samples and THS in 63 %. The mean trend in the ratio of glucuronides to sulphates of the 11-deoxy-17-oxosteroids decreased with increasing age, but the 11-deoxy-11-oxy ratio of 17-oxosteroids increased as did the 5α/5β ratio of the C19 and C21 steroids.
No sex differences were observed. The excretion of cortisol metabolites showed a positive correlation with height and weight. 11-Deoxy-17-oxosteroids were positively correlated with the weight. No significant relationships between steroid excretion and skeletal maturity were found.
DETERMINATION OF THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODIES USING CHROMIC CHLORIDE AS A COUPLING REAGENT
Authors: Aho K. , Virkola P. , Heinonen O. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Chromic chloride can be used for the coupling of thyroglobulin on red cells. Less thyroglobulin is needed and the test is less time-consuming than previous techniques. Thyroglobulin antibodies in an international standard serum and in the sera of 1137 subjects were determined by this technique and the result compared with the results of the TA-test. Antibodies were detected in 12.3 per cent of the females and in 3.1 per cent of the males. All the antibodies found belonged to 7S globulins. In the total sample there were two hypothyroid patients, both with thyroglobulin antibodies in low titres. The mean cholesterol value in 89 subjects with antibodies was not higher than the mean value in matched controls.
EFFECT OF NEMBUTAL AND NIALAMIDE ON THE PARS INTERMEDIA AND SKIN COLOUR CHANGES IN RANA CYANOPHLYCTIS SCHNEIDER
Authors: Dutt N. H. Gopal , Rajasekharasetty M. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of pentobarbital sodium (nembutal) at low concentration causes darkening of the skin. However, at higher dose or after prolonged treatment a moderate blanching of the skin is noticed. Nialamide also produces a moderate blanching effect. Both these drugs considerably increase the number of colloid vesicles in the pars intermedia of the frog, Rana cyanophlyctis. These drugs, however, do not reverse the darkening of the skin due to ACTH in hypophysectomized frogs. Histochemical analysis suggests that the colloid vesicles may represent stored melanophore-stimulating hormone.
IN VITRO PROGESTERONE METABOLISM BY RAT TESTICULAR TISSUE AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Ficher M. , Steinberger E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A systematic study of progesterone metabolism in incubates of testicular tissue from rats 1 to 120 days of age was conducted. Progesterone was avidly metabolized, regardless of the age of the animal. While striking age-dependent changes in the pattern of conversion of progesterone to androgens were observed, small amounts of 17α-hydroxyprogesterone and 17β-oestradiol were formed in all incubates, regardless of age of the animal. In newborn rats the major metabolites of progesterone were testosterone (44% conversion) and androstenedione (5% conversion). Formation of these two compounds gradually diminished with age until only small amounts were formed in tissue from 20-day old rats. From this nadir, conversion to testosterone started to increase at the age of 40 days, and reached constant adult fevels by 90 days; androstenedione started to increase at 30 days. Conversely, 5α-reduced androgens, androsterone, 5α-androstanediol and isoandrosterone, were barely detectable in testicular tissue of newborn rats, gradually increased to a peak by age 20–30 days, and then declined to barely detectable levels by age 90 days and older. These findings demonstrate that testicular tissue of postnatal rats of all ages contain enzymes involved in the biosynthetic pathways from progesterone to androgens, as well as aromatizing enzymes. The physiologic significance of 5α-reductase activity during differentiation of the androgen biosynthetic pathways remains to be determined.
URINARY TOTAL 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROID OUTPUT IN INTACT AND OVARIECTOMIZED BITCHES
Authors: Bell E. T. , Christie D. W. , Parkes M. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Assays of urinary total 17-hydroxycorticosteroids (17-OHCS) have been conducted in seven intact and seven ovariectomized Beagle bitches. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH) stimulation and dexamethasone suppression tests were also undertaken.
Urine samples were collected for six days from each animal and the mean total 17-OHCS excretion was 2.3 ± 0.7 (sd) and 1.8 ± 0.3 mg/24 hours in the intact and ovariectomized bitches respectively. The difference in 17-OHCS excretion between the two groups of animals is not significant.
The administration of 40 IU ACTH caused a marked increase in 17-OHCS excretion in all animals. Dexamethasone was given at a dose level of 1.0 mg q. i. d. for two days. This resulted in a decrease in 17-OHCS output. However, the mean value was below the 95 % confidence limits of the control only in the ovariectomized group.
EINFLUSS VON CHORIONGONADOTROPHIN AUF DIE SEKRETION EINES UTERUSSPEZIFISCHEN PROTEINS DES KANINCHENS
Authors: Kirchner Christoph 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
β-Glycoprotein is one of the uterine specific proteins in the rabbit. Mainly after the 6th day post coitum (p. c.) is it secreted into the uterine lumen. Injections of HCG between the 2nd day 12 hours p. c. and the 4th day 12 hours p. c. cause a premature secretion. In this case on the 5th day 18 hours p. c. the concentration of β-glycoprotein is about 3 times higher than without hormone treatment, a value which normally would be expected 8–10 hours later.
SERUM PLACENTAL LACTOGEN (HPL) AS INDEX OF PLACENTAL FUNCTION
Authors: Spona J. , Janisch H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A rapid and reproducible radioimmunoassay for serum placental lactogen (HPL) allowed quantitation of the endocrine function of the placenta and of its follow up during gestation. During the course of pregnancy subjects were followed up in order to determine the normal range of HPL levels during pregnancy. Low and decreasing levels of serum HPL were noted in pregnancies with placental insufficiency. The large quantities of HPL present, its autonomous production by the placenta and its short half-life all combine to make its measurement of practical value in the management of high-risk pregnancies.
SERUM THYROXINE DETERMINATION BY SATURATION ANALYSIS: A NEW METHOD AND STATISTICAL APPROACH
Authors: Burger A. , Scherrer J. R. , Miller B. , Vallotton M. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new method for the measurement of total serum thyroxine (T4) by saturation analysis is presented along with technical details. Its main advantage over previously published methods is its sensitivity of 0.3 picomoles T4 (corresponding to 0.23 ng T4 or 152 pg iodine). It thus allows the measurement of serum thyroxine in very small volumes of human serum (7 μl) and, for the first time, in mouse serum. The use of Sephadex to extract thyroxine from the plasma gives more reproducible results and avoids the need to evaporate the extract to dryness, as in current methods.
A high speed digital computer was used for handling data processing. A new statistical algorithm was built into a code called REGSAT which is extensively described. This procedure allowed unskewed predictions of thyroxine levels in the samples and an estimate of the standard curves resolving power.