bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A parallel adaptive finite element method for the simulation of photon migration with the radiative‐transfer‐based model
Authors: Lu Yujie , Chatziioannou Arion F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhole‐body optical molecular imaging of mouse models in preclinical research is rapidly developing in recent years. In this context, it is essential and necessary to develop novel simulation methods of light propagation for optical imaging, especially when a priori knowledge, large‐volume domain and a wide‐range of optical properties need to be considered in the reconstruction algorithm. In this paper, we propose a 3D parallel adaptive finite element method with simplified spherical harmonics (SPN) approximation to simulate optical photon propagation in large volumes of heterogeneous tissues. The simulation speed is significantly improved by a posteriori parallel adaptive mesh refinement and dynamic mesh repartitioning. Compared with the diffusion equation and the Monte Carlo methods, the SPN method shows improved performance and the necessity of high‐order approximation in heterogeneous domains. Optimal solver selection and time‐costing analysis in real mouse geometry further improve the performance of the proposed algorithm and show the superiority of the proposed parallel adaptive framework for whole‐body optical molecular imaging in murine models. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ordered Polyelectrolyte Multilayers: Unidirectional FRET Cascade in Nanocompartmentalized Polyelectrolyte Multilayers
Authors: Peralta Sébastien , Habib‐Jiwan Jean‐Louis , Jonas Alain M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMultifunctional polyelectrolyte (or layer‐by‐layer, LbL) multilayers consisting of a set of nanocompartments separated by impermeable ultrathin barriers, whereby the thickness of the compartments is tuned in the range 1–10 nm, are synthesized. Each compartment contains a different dye, introduced by co‐adsorption during multilayer deposition. Different LbL barriers are tested for impermeability towards dye diffusion while simultaneously allowing energy transfer to occur between the compartmentalized dyes. Cross‐linked LbL multilayers based on poly(acrylic acid) and poly(allyl amine) are shown to provide the desired impermeability for thicknesses as small as about 2.5 nm. A proof‐of‐concept system is then realized involving a cascade of two FRET processes, whereby the light energy is collected in a first nanocompartment containing pyranine, sent to a second nanocompartment loaded with fluorescein, before finally being transferred to a third, Nile blue‐filled compartment located at the external surface of the film. This demonstrates the possibility to fabricate complex light‐harvesting antenna systems by LbL assembly while controlling the architecture of the antenna down to a few nanometers.
Determining the impact of internet channel use on a customer's lifetime
Authors: Boehm Martin 
Published: October 2008

In light of mature markets and increasing competitive pressure, retaining the existing customer base becomes crucial for the future success of a firm. As a consequence, firms are increasingly interested in understanding the factors influencing and driving customer retention. One factor that is hypothesized to have an impact on customer retention is the growing use of the Internet channel. Firms are interested in understanding whether and how the Internet use induces a change in customer retention. The aim of this paper is to empirically quantify the impact of Internet use on customer retention when accounting for potentially present self-selection. Furthermore, the paper will derive managerial implications on how to use customer channel migration to improve overall customer retention. The results of the empirical study indicate a strong positive impact of Internet use on customer retention. Hence, migrating customers to the Internet channel has the potential to increase overall retention rates.
Nature conservation and urban development control in the Portuguese planning system: a new impetus against old praxis?
Authors: Fidelis Teresa , Sumares David 
Published: October 2008

AbstractNatura 2000 areas bring a new incentive to assess the performance of land‐use planning in protecting environmental values from the impacts of development pressures. In the last decades, urban growth and consequent environmental impacts on natural areas have been a major concern for the Portuguese land‐use planning system. Sprawl around sensitive areas has been revealed to be a persistent phenomenon in spite of the increasing challenges underlying land‐use plans. This article critically analyses the content of three main documents recently adopted by the Portuguese government – the ‘National Strategy for Sustainable Development’, the ‘National Policy Programme for Spatial Planning’ and the ‘Sector Plan for Natura 2000’ – seeking prospects to innovate future plans at lower levels in order to prevent additional pressures on natural areas. First, the article reviews the recent theoretical debate on planning for the protection of natural areas. Results evidenced by recent EU evaluation reports are used to propose a set of guidelines to evaluate planning guidance at national level. Second, it critically analyses the three planning documents, bearing in mind the main features of the planning system and the proposed guidelines. The article is concluded with a discussion of their potential, exploring whether they bring a new impetus to the role of land‐use planning against an outdated and persistent praxis, or whether, on the contrary, further efforts to strengthen planning guidance remain to be formulated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Effect of membrane filtration on the flavor of virgin olive oil
Authors: Bottino Aldo , Capannelli Gustavo , Mattei Alissa , Rovellini Pierangela , Zunin Paola 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCross‐flow microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) with different commercial membranes were applied to virgin olive oil (VOO) in order to remove some compounds that are responsible for oil unpleasant flavor without altering the oil composition. Experimental tests were carried out using a Spanish VOO from Andalusia, which had the typical eucalyptus aroma. Several classical analytical parameters (acidity, peroxide number, UV absorbance) were determined. Moreover, the contents of total chlorophyll and minor polar compounds were detected. The effect of filtration on oil aroma was evaluated by detecting carbonyl compounds and by a panel of trained tasters. The UF Carbosep M1 membrane was the most suitable for softening the oil organoleptic features. Carbosep UF M1 and MF M14 membranes also induced a reduction of the content of total chlorophyll, which certainly slowed down the oil oxidation processes. It should be considered, however, that the observed decrease in the content of phenolic compounds with Carbosep M1 might have an adverse affect on the oil's stability to oxidation, but the observed decrease in total chlorophyll content should oppose it.
Effect of Citrus essential oil addition upon growth and cellular lipids of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast
Authors: Papanikolaou Seraphim , Gortzi Olga , Margeli Eleni , Chinou Ioanna , Galiotou‐Panayotou Maria , Lalas Stavros 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe chemical composition of the essential oil from fruits of the Greek citrus hybrid Citrus sinensis cv New Hall – Citrus aurantium was investigated by GC and GC‐MS. Forty‐four compounds were identified, representing 92.83% of the total oil. Limonene, myrcene, β‐pinene, α‐pinene and α‐terpineol constituted the major components of the oil. The effect of the addition of this oil upon the behavior of Yarrowia lipolytica yeast was also investigated. The microorganism was aerobically grown on glucose and oil was added to the culture medium in various initial quantities (from 0.0 to 1.5 mL/L). The strain underwent significant inhibition exerted by the added essential oil; a decrease of the highest achieved biomass concentration, even if the oil was added to the culture medium at small concentrations (e.g. 0.3 mL/L), was observed. The more oil was added, the more the lag phase of the growth increased, while the biomass yield on glucose consumed decreased with the addition of the oil. When the essential oil was added to the medium, even at small concentrations, a significant increase of cellular medium‐chain saturated fatty acids (12:0 and 14:0) resulting in an increase of saturated fatty acid content in the cellular lipids, was observed.
Client‐driven load balancing through association control in IEEE 802.11 WLANs
Authors: Garcia Eduard , Ferrer Josep L. , Lopez‐Aguilera Elena , Vidal Rafael , Paradells Josep 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe growth of IEEE 802.11 wireless local area networks (WLANs) (Wi‐Fi) brings new possibilities of getting connected in public spaces, known as Hot Spots. Current client‐access point associations are an interesting research topic because in these scenarios, users tend to be ‘gregarious’ and essentially static. Under IEEE 802.11 standards, association and roaming decisions are made by client devices and most implementations are based on signal strength measurements; i.e. a client station selects the access point (AP) that provides the strongest signal, which leads to an uneven distribution of clients and load between neighbouring APs. As it can be observed in practical scenarios, the default AP‐client association scheme followed in IEEE WLANs, produces unfair situations. This work provides means to effectively alleviate this performance issue and also gives details for a feasible implementation. In this paper we analyse how new IEEE 802.11 standards will allow new radio measurements to provide more efficient association decisions. We propose a new load metric that will produce client‐driven associations that ensure greater fairness and throughput. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Der Komponist mit dem Januskopf
Authors: Konrad Ulrich 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDas Schaffen Winfried Zilligs und anderer namhafter Musiker nach 1933 war von kaum begreifbaren Widersprüchen geprägt: Die künstlerisch‐ambitionierte Moderne stand neben der anspruchslosen Anbiederung an Ideologie und Propaganda
A reach‐scale biogeochemical model for temporary rivers
Authors: Tzoraki Ourania , Nikolaidis Nikolaos P. , Trancoso Anna Rosa , Braunschweig Frank , Neves Ramiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe RS‐tempQ Model (reach–scale temporary flow biogeochemical model) is a conceptual model that can describe the hydrologic, sediment transport and biogeochemical processes of temporary rivers at the reach scale. The model takes into account the expansion–contraction of the inundated area of the river. It simulates the sediment transport and the nutrient fluxes that are transferred to the coastal area due to the first flash flood and during extreme rain events. The RS‐tempQ Model simulates the in‐stream processes during the wet and dry cycles as the river corridor expands and contracts. The model was used to assess and quantify the hydrologic and geochemical processes occurring in a temporary river reach (Krathis River) in Greece. Since the conventional gauging techniques cannot measure the flow in rivers that are split into small braided streams, discharge measurements could not be obtained in order to calibrate and verify the model. Other field measurements such as infiltration losses and sediment accumulation were used for model calibration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measuring snow accumulation and ablation dynamics during rain‐on‐snow events: innovative measurement techniques
Authors: Floyd William , Weiler Markus 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRain‐on‐snow (ROS) is the primary generator of peak flow events in mountainous coastal regions of North America. Uncertainty remains as to the role of forest canopy interception leading up to and during ROS events. Much of this uncertainty can be attributed to a lack of suitable techniques to collect data during ROS, due in part to the dynamic nature of climatic conditions, particularly related to snow accumulation and melt. We supplemented a meteorological network with non‐weighing snow melt lysimeters, suspended spring scales to measure snow throughfall and an automated time lapse photography network to monitor state of precipitation (rain vs. snow), snow accumulation/ablation, canopy interception and unloading of snow from the canopy. Image analysis software allowed for the extraction of data from images. Rapid loading and unloading of snow from the canopy, closely linked to changes in temperature, was observed using this approach. We were also able to continuously monitor throughfall snow water equivalent using low cost suspended spring scales. This experimental design allowed us to capture information previously unavailable without direct observation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamics of the Conformal‐Cubic Atmospheric Model projected climate‐change signal over southern Africa
Authors: Engelbrecht F. A. , McGregor J. L. , Engelbrecht C. J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe projected climate‐change signal in simulations by the Conformal‐Cubic Atmospheric Model (CCAM) over southern Africa is presented, with particular emphasis on the projected changes in circulation over the region. Current (1975–2005) and future (2070–2100; A2 scenario) climate simulations are used for this purpose.In the austral winter of the future climate, frontal rain bands are displaced to the south as a result of the subtropical high‐pressure belt intensifying to the south of the subcontinent. In spring and autumn, mid‐ and upper‐level highs are simulated to become more prominent over the eastern and central parts of southern Africa. The enhanced subsidence associated with these systems results in generally lower rainfall totals over much of the south‐eastern subcontinent. To the north of these highs, enhanced westward moisture advection contributes to increased rainfall totals over northern Mozambique, whilst along the western periphery of the anomalously strong highs, enhanced southward moisture advection results in higher rainfall totals over Namibia, Botswana and the central and western interior of South Africa. In mid‐summer, the Indian Ocean High (IOH) is simulated to intensify most over the south‐western Indian Ocean (IO). This seemingly results in the more frequent occurrence of the cloud bands that constitute the South Indian Convergence Zone (SICZ) over the south‐eastern subcontinent—resulting in generally wetter conditions over this region. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
The transpatellar approach for the knee in the laboratory
Authors: Merican Azhar M. , Ghosh Kanishka M. , Deehan David J. , Amis Andrew A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a longitudinal patellar‐splitting approach to the knee that includes provision for accurate reconstruction. Our in vitro experiments showed that patellofemoral kinematics and length‐change patterns of specific bands of the peripatellar retinacula were not changed significantly by opening and closing the knee via the transpatellar approach. This surgical approach will be useful for in vitro experiments on the knee, when effects due to alterations of internal structures such as cruciate ligament reconstructions or joint replacement are to be studied, avoiding confounding effects caused by changes to the retinacula. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:330–334, 2009
Contributions of different intraarticular tissues to the acute phase elevation of synovial fluid MMP‐2 following rat ACL rupture
Authors: Tang Zhenyu , Yang Li , Wang Yequan , Xue Ruyue , Zhang Jin , Huang Wei , Chen Peter C. , Sung K.‐L. Paul 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInflammation and accumulation of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in synovial fluids may be involved in the poor healing ability of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) after injury. With a rat ACL rotating injury model, we found that levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α were significantly higher in synovial fluids after ACL injury. MMP‐2 activity and global MMP activity in synovial fluids also increased significantly in a time‐dependent manner. Ex vivo studies showed that all tissues contributed to the elevation of MMP‐2 in synovial fluids, especially synovium and the injured ACL. We concluded that although the regular wound‐healing mechanism also occurs after ACL injury, accumulation of MMP activity in the synovial fluids, due to all of the intraarticular tissues, may be at least one of the important reasons why an injured ACL cannot be repaired. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:243–248, 2009
Shear fatigue micromechanics of the cement–bone interface: An in vitro study using digital image correlation techniques
Authors: Mann Kenneth A. , Miller Mark A. , Race Amos , Verdonschot Nico 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLoss of fixation at the cement–bone interface is known to contribute to aseptic loosening, but little is known about the mechanical damage response of this interface. An in vitro study using cement–bone specimens subjected to shear fatigue loading was performed, and the progression of stiffness changes and creep damage at the interface was measured using digital image correlation techniques. Stiffness changes and creep damage were localized to the contact interface between cement and bone. Interface creep damage followed a three‐phase response with an initial rapid increase in creep, followed by a steady‐state increase, concluding in a final rapid increase in creep. The initial creep phase was accompanied by an increase in interface stiffness, suggesting an initial locking‐in effect at the interface. Interface stiffness decreased as creep damage progressed. Power law models were reasonably successful in describing the creep and stiffness damage response and were a function of loading magnitude, number of loading cycles, and contact area at the interface. More microcrack damage occurred to the cement when compared to the bone, and the damage was localized along the interface. These findings indicate that damage to the cement–bone interface could be minimized by improving cement–bone contact and by strengthening the fatigue resistance of the cement. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:340–346, 2009
Effect of extrusion on in situ ruminal protein degradability and in vitro digestibility of undegraded protein from different feedstuffs
Authors: Solanas Estela M , Castrillo Carlos , Jover Miguel , de Vega Antonio 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of extruding maize, barley, whole soybean (WSB), peas, lupins and soybean meal (SBM) on their in situ ruminal protein degradability and in vitro digestibility of the rumen undegraded protein (RUP) was studied. Two mixtures containing 0.75 WSB or lupins and 0.25 maize were also formulated.RESULTS: Extrusion of maize resulted in an increase of its effective protein degradability from 0.538 to 0.734 (P < 0.001), whereas the opposite occurred with barley (from 0.854 to 0.797; P < 0.001). Extrusion increased the in vitro digestibility of the RUP of both cereals, increasing therefore the amount of barley crude protein (CP) digested in the intestines (PDI) from 62 to 176 g kg−1 CP (P < 0.01), whereas maize resulted in lower (332 versus 229 g kg−1 CP; P < 0.01). Extrusion decreased (P < 0.001) the protein degradability of the three legume seeds and increased (P < 0.001) the in vitro digestibility of the RUP, resulting in a PDI increase (P < 0.001), from 60 to 367 g kg−1 CP for peas, from 69 to 265 g kg−1 CP for WSB and from 107 to 205 g kg−1 CP for lupins. This effect was enhanced when WSB was extruded jointly with maize. The extrusion of SBM also resulted in an increase in the PDI from 296 to 384 g kg−1 CP (P < 0.001).CONCLUSION: Extrusion decreases the rumen protein degradability of legume seeds, soybean meal and barley, and increases the digestibility of the RUP, resulting in an increase in the feed protein digested in intestine. The extrusion of soybean seeds together with maize enhances these effects. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Dioscorea improves the morphometric and mechanical properties of bone in ovariectomised rats
Authors: Chen Jian‐Horng , Wu James Shih‐Shyn , Lin Hsiao‐Che , Wu Shey‐Lin , Wang Wen‐Fu , Huang Shu‐Kuei , Ho Ying‐Jui 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The aim of this work was to determine the effects of oral administration of dioscorea on the morphometric and mechanical properties of the femur in ovariectomised (OVX) rats. Female Wistar rats that had undergone surgery for ovariectomy were used as a model of menopause and osteoporosis. Four weeks after surgery the animals were given oral dioscorea (0, 250, 750 or 1500 mg kg−1 day−1) for 27 days, then the porosity, mineral fraction, stiffness and toughness of the femur and the ultimate force needed to break the femur were measured.RESULTS: Ovariectomy resulted in an increase in the total volume, dry weight and porosity but a decrease in the mineral fraction of femora. Subsequent chronic administration of dioscorea reversed the effect on porosity and increased the ultimate force of the femur in OVX rats but did not affect the bone properties of sham‐operated rats.CONCLUSION: These results suggest that chronic administration of dioscorea may enhance bone strength and provide insight into the role of dioscorea in bone remodeling and osteoporosis during the menopause. However, the benefit is not clear for the reproductive female. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Antioxidant properties of herbal extracts selected from screening for potent scavenging activity against superoxide anions
Authors: Saito Keita , Kohno Masahiro , Yoshizaki Fumihiko , Niwano Yoshimi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: In a previous study with the electron spin resonance (ESR) spin‐trapping method on large‐scale screening with ethanol extracts of approximately 1000 kinds of herbs, four herbal extracts with prominently potent ability to scavenge superoxide anions were chosen, namely the extracts from Punica granatum (peel), Syzygium aromaticum (bud), Mangifera indica (kernel) and Phyllanthus emblica (fruit)). In the present study, these extracts were further examined to determine if they also scavenge hydroxyl radicals, by applying the ESR spin‐trapping method, and if they have heat resistance as a desirable characteristic feature.RESULTS: Experiments with the Fenton reaction and UV irradiation of hydrogen peroxide, both of which generate hydroxyl radicals, showed that all four extracts had potent ability to directly scavenge hydroxyl radicals. Each extract exerted more potent hydroxyl radical‐scavenging activity than mannitol and salicylic acid. Furthermore, the scavenging activities against superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals of the extracts of P. granatum (peel), M. indica (kernel) and P. emblica (fruit) proved to be heat‐resistant.CONCLUSION: The four herbal extracts chosen from extensive screening possess desirable antioxidant properties. In particular, three of them are expected to be suitable for food processing in which thermal devices are used, because of their heat resistance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry