bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary paleoceanography and paleo-sea ice conditions in the Mackenzie Trough and Canyon, Beaufort SeaThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Polar Climate Stability Network.
Authors: Schell Trecia M. , Scott David B. , Rochon André , Blasco Steve 
Published: January 2009

The Mackenzie Trough provides a high resolution signal for paleoceanography as a result of high sedimentation rates at the mouth of the Mackenzie River. Three cores were collected along a transect covering a depth range of 58–671 m and the time period of the last 11 500 cal BP. Prior to the last ∼10 000 cal BP, the distal core is characterized by laminated sediment and a foraminiferal fauna of Arctic Bottom Water calcareous species and abundant planktic foraminifera suggesting little freshwater runoff and (or) perennial sea-ice cover. This occurs at a similar time as laminated sediments from the west of this site, which have been suggested to be part of the Lake Agassiz flood outburst and (or) cold period. If this outburst occurred, the very positive oxygen isotope values from our core (PC3; >+3.0 ppm) indicate that it did not flow through the Mackenzie Trough. After 9000 cal BP, the faunas in the three cores differ because of timing and different water depths. However, it is possible to see a progression of cold saline water prior to 10 000 cal BP, with a freshening of surface water after 10 000 cal BP where tintinnids (brackish water ciliates) occur with incursions of deep water Arctic calcareous species to ∼3000 years BP. A sequence of mixed faunas appears as sea ice returns, at least periodically in the last 3000 cal BP; but (in core PC2 only) a return to more sea ice is recorded by both foraminifera and dinocysts in the last few hundred years.
Last glacial maximum (LGM) primary productivity in the northern North Atlantic OceanThis article is one of a series of papers published in this Special Issue on the theme Polar Climate Stability Network.
Authors: Radi Taoufik , de Vernal Anne 
Published: January 2009

To reconstruct oceanic primary productivity in the northern North Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum (LGM), we have applied the modern analogue technique to dinocyst assemblages using a Northern Hemisphere database that includes 1171 reference sites. The reconstructions were made in LGM sediments (21 ± 2 ka) of a set of 62 cores collected from 36°N to 75°N. Here, we present the compilation of reconstructed seasonal and annual productivity during the LGM. Results show lower mean annual productivity during the LGM than at present in the northern North Atlantic. At most high-latitude locations, LGM productivity has been estimated at <200 gC m–2 a–1, with extremely low values (<100 gC m–2 a–1) in the Labrador Sea, Baffin Bay, and along the margins of Greenland. Such low values might be the result of reduced Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation and stratified water that characterized the glacial episode of the North Atlantic Ocean.
Urinary Retention and Cystitis Associated with Subcutaneous Estradiol Pellets in Female Nude Mice
Authors: Pearse Gail , Frith Jeremy , Randall Kevin John , Klinowska Teresa 
Published: January 2009

Unexpected deaths occurred in studies involving a nude mouse model of mammary cancer that required subcutaneous implantation of 0.5 mg twenty-one–day release estrogen pellets for growth of the estrogen-dependent mammary tumor xenograft BT474c. Early deaths occurred in female nude mice and were associated with urinary retention, frequently with cystitis. Drug treatment had no effect on the incidence or severity of cystitis. Histological findings did not alter significantly over various time points following pellet implantation. Changes were not seen in males or in females receiving lower doses of estradiol even when the duration of administration was prolonged, suggesting that a threshold level was required for the onset of urinary retention. Because of the influence of estrogen on micturition, immunohistochemistry for estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the urinary bladder was carried out, which did not demonstrate any differences between females implanted with 0.5 mg twenty-one–day release estrogen pellets and nonimplanted females. Although previous publications have concentrated on possible mechanisms of action, this paper describes the histopathological changes seen in the urinary bladder of female nude mice resulting from exposure to high levels of estradiol.
Interaction of plasma proteins with commercial protein repellent polyvinyl chloride (PVC): a word of caution
Authors: De Somer F , Van Landschoot A , Van Nooten G , Delanghe J 
Published: January 2009

Protein adsorption onto polymers remains a problem. In recent years, several protein-repellent PVC tubings have been developed. Although several studies report the interaction between plasma coagulation proteins and PVC, few address the interaction with other plasma proteins. Two commercial brands of untreated medical grade PVC tubing, phosphorylcholine-coated PVC tubing, triblock-copolymer (polycaprolactone-polydimethylsiloxane-polycaprolactone)-treated PVC tubing and poly-2-methoxyethylacrylate (PMEA)-coated tubing were exposed for 60 minutes to human plasma. A broad spectrum of plasma proteins was found on all tubing. The adsorbed albumin to total protein ratio is lower than the similar ratio in plasma while α1 and α2 globulins are over-represented in the protein spectrum. On PMEA tubing, not only α globulins, but also β and γ globulins, are found in high concentrations in the adsorbed protein. PMEA tubing and uncoated PVC tubing of brand B had a higher amount of protein adsorbed compared against all other tubing ( p < 0.05). There were no statistical differences in protein adsorption between the triblock-copolymer-treated tubing, the phosphorylcholine-coated tubing and the uncoated PVC tubing of brand A. The average thickness of the protein layer was 23 nm. Plasma protein adsorption still exists on uncoated and protein-repellent tubing and can initiate a systemic inflammatory reaction.
Comparison of isoproterenol and dobutamine in the induction of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis
Authors: Anderson M , Moore D , Larson DF 
Published: January 2009

Isoproterenol (Iso) was a clinical therapeutic that is now used as a research means for the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Currently, dobutamine (Dob) has replaced Iso as the preferred inotropic β-adrenergic agent to wean patients from cardiopulmonary bypass and to sustain adequate cardiac function during the postoperative period. We sought to compare the cardiac structural and functional effects of long-term administration (7days) of Iso with Dob at a dose of 40μg/mouse/day in 12-week-old C57BL/6 female mice. Cardiac function was determined with transthoracic echo cardiography (ECHO) 24 hours after the last dose. Cardiac wet weights increased 33% and 24% in the Iso and Dob groups compared with controls ( p < 0.05). Dob and Iso significantly increased cardiac fibrosis and decreased cardiac function with chronic administration. Administration also resulted in increased left atrial size, suggesting that both Dob and Iso decreased LV compliance, but did not induce heart failure. In conclusion, chronic administration of Dob may have a detrimental effect on cardiac structure and function.
The effect of daily administration of IL-18 on cardiac structure and function
Authors: Platis A , Yu Q , Moore D , Khojeini EV , Tsau P , Larson DF 
Published: January 2009

Recently, the cytokine Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has been shown to be increased as a result of cardiac surgery. Elevated IL-18 has been associated with neurological dysfunction, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) post open-heart surgery. The intent of the study contained herein was to determine the effect of IL-18 administration on cardiac function and structure. Eight C57BL/6 female mice were treated daily with 0.5μg/mouse of recombinant IL-18 for 7 days. Long axis echocardiography (ECHO) measurements of the anatomical and hemodynamic function of the heart for all mice were studied 24h after the last dose. The left ventricular wet weights increased from 84 ± 1 to 93 ± 3 mg when comparing the placebo (n = 8) with the IL-18 groups, respectively ( p = 0.01). With ECHO analysis, IL-18 significantly increased left ventricular (LV) mass, the left atrium dimensions (LA), and the left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPW) over the 8-day time period ( p < 0.01). There was a 5-fold increase in interstitial cardiac collagen content and a 30% increase in myocyte size in the IL-18 compared with the control groups ( p < 0.01). Administration of IL-18 appears to induce interstitial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy, resulting in increased ventricular stiffness. Thus, increased IL-18 during and post open-heart surgical procedures may induce left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and affect post-operative outcomes.
Declining Incidence of Catastrophic Cervical Spine Injuries in French Rugby: 1996-2006
Authors: Bohu Yoann , Julia Marc , Bagate Christian , Peyrin Jean-Claude , Colonna Jean-Pierre , Thoreux Patricia , Pascal-Moussellard Hugues 
Published: January 2009

Purpose To investigate the incidence and the risk factors of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods The patients included had cervical spine injuries causing neurological disorder classified from the ASIA scale, grade A to D. A retrospective review of all cases that occurred between the 1996-1997 and the 2005-2006 seasons was made. Circumstances of the injuries and of the clinical outcome were collected by interview. Results There were 37 cases of catastrophic cervical spine injuries in French rugby for the last 10 years. The incidence of the cervical spine injuries decreased during this period. The rates of injury were 2.1 per 100 000 players per year during the 1996-1997 season and 1.4 during the 2005-2006 season (P <. 01). The scrum was a major cause of injury, accounting for 51.3% (19/37). The forwards represented 89.2% (33/37) of the injured players. The hookers were involved in 37.8% (14/37) of the cases. The measures of prevention with the modification of the rules of scrum and the creation of a medical certificate required for players to play in the front row must have been successful. Conclusion The incidence of disabling cervical spine injuries in French rugby has decreased for the last 10 years, which is linked to the decreasing incidence of injuries in the scrum. This epidemiological study shows the effectiveness of the preventive measures on cervical spine injuries in French rugby players. A national register of catastrophic cervical spine injuries extends our epidemiological observations.
Video Analysis of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury
Authors: Boden Barry P. , Torg Joseph S. , Knowles Sarah B. , Hewett Timothy E. 
Published: January 2009

Background Most anterior cruciate ligament research is limited to variables at the knee joint and is performed in the laboratory setting, often with subjects postinjury. There is a paucity of information on the position of the hip and ankle during noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. Hypothesis When landing after maneuvers, athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injury (subjects) show a more flatfooted profile and more hip flexion than uninjured athletes (controls). Study Design Case control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods Data from 29 videos of subjects were compared with data from 27 videos of controls performing similar maneuvers. Joint angles were analyzed in 5 sequential frames in sagittal or coronal planes, starting with initial ground-foot contact. Hip, knee, and ankle joint angles were measured in each sequence in the sagittal plane and hip and knee angles in the coronal plane with computer software. The portion of the foot first touching the ground and the number of sequences required for complete foot-ground contact were assessed. Significance was set at P <. 05. Results In sagittal views, controls first contacted the ground with the forefoot; subjects had first ground contact with the hindfoot or entirely flatfooted, attained the flatfoot position significantly sooner, had significantly less plantar-flexed ankle angles at initial contact, and had a significantly larger mean hip flexion angle at the first 3 frames. In coronal views, no significant differences in knee abduction (initial contact) or hip abduction angle were found between groups; knee abduction was relatively unchanged in controls but progressed in subjects. Conclusion Initial ground contact flatfooted or with the hindfoot, knee abduction and increased hip flexion may be risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament injury.
Longitudinal correlates of fatigue in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Patrick E , Christodoulou C , Krupp LB ,   on behalf of the New York State MS Consortium
Published: January 2009

Objective To determine the predictors of longitudinal changes in fatigue based on pain, mood, and neurological impairment across multiple sclerosis (MS) subtypes. Background Fatigue is the most common symptom of MS but remains poorly understood. The New York State Multiple Sclerosis Consortium (NYSMSC) database offers a unique opportunity to longitudinally assess a variety of potential fatigue correlates in a very large and diverse MS sample. Design/Methods This study examined baseline and 1-year follow-up data on 2768 patients drawn from the NYSMSC database regarding fatigability, pain, depressive symptoms, MS subtype, and expanded disability status scale (EDSS). Correlates and predictors of fatigue were assessed in correlational and multiple regression analyses. Results Baseline fatigue, pain, and depression accounted for 34.6% of the variance in 1-year follow-up fatigue scores. Fatigue was lower in relapsing–remitting subjects than in other MS subtypes. Fatigue consistently correlated at baseline and follow-up with depressive symptoms, pain severity, and EDSS. Changes in fatigue correlated with changes in other variables. Conclusions Predictors of fatigue at 1 year include baseline fatigue, pain, mood, and EDSS. These symptoms are also correlated at baseline, follow-up, and in change scores. Identifying predictors of fatigue may facilitate patient management.
Earlier disability of the patients followed in Multiple Sclerosis centers compared to outpatients
Authors: Debouverie M , Laforest L , Van Ganse E , Guillemin F ,   for the LORSEP Group
Published: January 2009

Objective The currently published works regarding the multiple sclerosis (MS) natural history report data were collected most often on population of patients recruited in MS centers. The aim was to compare the natural history of a population of patients followed in a MS centre (MSC) with patients followed outside a MS centre (NMSC). Methods Cases were identified through the LORSEP cohort, a network of neurologists (private ambulatory practice, hospitals, and MS centers) in France. Results A total of 3602 patients had been analyzed: 1036 MSC patients and 2566 NMSC patients. No difference was observed regarding gender and initial symptoms. Conversely, MSC patients were younger at MS onset and were more likely to have a primary progressive initial form. Median times (years) to the EDSS scores of 3, 4, and 6 were 5.8 (5.0–6.8), 8.4 (7.9–9.0), 16.0 (14.8–18.1) in the MSC group, respectively, whereas corresponding times were 8.4 (7.9–9.0), 12.3 (11.4–13.4), 19.1 (18.0–20.2) in the NMSC group. These differences according to the type of MS supervision were statistically significant for EDSS3 ( P < 0.0001), EDSS4 ( P < 0.0001), and EDSS6 ( P = 0.01), respectively. These findings were confirmed in Cox multivariate models. Conclusions The patients followed in a MS centre had earlier disability than patients managed otherwise. Analyses exclusively conducted in patients with MS supervised in specialized centers may falsely misestimate the times needed to reach major disability landmarks. Before using registries to study the natural history of MS, efforts should be performed to verify in how far data are exhaustive and to understand the local health care system.
The Ultrasound of Intravenous Drug Abuse in the Groin - Vascular and Non-vascular Complications: A Pictorial Review
Authors: Hacking Linda , West Nicky 
Published: January 2009

Intravenous drug abuse is a common social and medical problem. Incidence is estimated at 9·9 per 100 000 for England. In the ultrasound department, a common referral is for ‘IVDA QDVT’ (intravenous drug abuser, query deep vein thrombosis). Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication of intravenous injection of drugs via the groin, but ultrasonically can present with a variety of different acute and chronic features, including complications. The groin should also be examined for other vascular and non-vascular complications. Non-vascular complications include cellulitis, sinus track formation, abscess and lymphadenitis. Vascular complications include arterial occlusion, arteriovenous fistula, pseudo-aneurysm, acute and chronic DVT, venous stenosis and complex collateral formation. The sonographer should also be aware of distant complications including endocarditis, septic pulmonary emboli and retroperitoneal extension of groin abscess. This is an increasing diagnostic problem. The sonographer should be aware of the range of pathologies both locally and systemically and be prepared to examine the veins, arteries and soft tissues, extending the examination above the groin and using imaging modalities if findings are atypical. If necessary, the radiologist should be involved at an early stage.
CTLA-4 on alloreactive CD4 T cells interacts with recipient CD80/86 to promote tolerance
Authors: Kurtz Josef , Raval Forum , Vallot Casey , Der Jayden , Sykes Megan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlthough the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 (CD152) has been implicated in peripheral CD4 T-cell tolerance, its mechanism of action remains poorly defined. We analyzed mechanisms of CD4 cell tolerance in a model of tolerance induction involving establishment of mixed hematopoietic chimerism in recipients of fully MHC-mismatched allogeneic bone marrow cells with anti-CD154 mAb. Animals lacking CD80 and CD86 failed to achieve chimerism. We detected no T cell–intrinsic requirement for CD28 for chimerism induction. However, a CD4 T cell–intrinsic signal through CTLA-4 was shown to be essential within the first 48 hours of exposure to alloantigen for the establishment of tolerance and mixed chimerism. This signal must be provided by a recipient CD80/86+ non–T-cell population. Donor CD80/86 expression was insufficient to achieve tolerance. Together, our findings demonstrate a surprising role for interactions of CTLA-4 expressed by alloreactive peripheral CD4 T cells with CD80/86 on recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the induction of early tolerance, suggesting a 3-cell tolerance model involving directly alloreactive CD4 cells, donor antigen-expressing bone marrow cells, and recipient antigen-presenting cells. This tolerance is independent of regulatory T cells and culminates in the deletion of directly alloreactive CD4 T cells.
CBFβ is critical for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity
Authors: Roudaia Liya , Cheney Matthew D. , Manuylova Ekaterina , Chen Wei , Morrow Michelle , Park Sangho , Lee Chung-Tsai , Kaur Prabhjot , Williams Owen , Bushweller John H. , Speck Nancy A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 are chimeric proteins resulting from the t(8;21)(q22;q22) in acute myeloid leukemia, and the t(12;21)(p13;q22) in pre-B-cell leukemia, respectively. The Runt domain of AML1 in both proteins mediates DNA binding and heterodimerization with the core binding factor β (CBFβ) subunit. To determine whether CBFβ is required for AML1-ETO and TEL-AML1 activity, we introduced amino acid substitutions into the Runt domain that disrupt heterodimerization with CBFβ but not DNA binding. We show that CBFβ contributes to AML1-ETO's inhibition of granulocyte differentiation, is essential for its ability to enhance the clonogenic potential of primary mouse bone marrow cells, and is indispensable for its cooperativity with the activated receptor tyrosine kinase TEL-PDGFβR in generating acute myeloid leukemia in mice. Similarly, CBFβ is essential for TEL-AML1's ability to promote self-renewal of B cell precursors in vitro. These studies validate the Runt domain/CBFβ interaction as a therapeutic target in core binding factor leukemias.
Regulation of cytokine expression in human plasmacytoid dendritic cells by prostaglandin I2analogues
Authors: Hung C-H. , Chu Y-T. , Suen J-L. , Lee M-S. , Chang H-W. , Lo Y-C. , Jong Y-J. 
Published: January 2009

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are critical in controlling adaptive immunity, but the mechanisms governing cytokine expression remain incompletely defined. Analogues of prostaglandin (PG)I2, such as iloprost, can modulate functions of myeloid dendritic cells, but their involvement in the regulation of human pDCs remains unknown. To this end, the regulatory role of PGI2analogues on cytokine expression in pDCs was investigated.Circulating pDCs were magnetically sorted with BDCA-4 cell isolation kits from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and treated with varying concentrations of iloprost with or without the addition of Toll-like receptor agonists, or an I prostanoid (IP) receptor antagonist, CAY10449. The levels of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 were measured by ELISA.Iloprost induced IL-10 expression, but suppressed CpG oligodeoxynucleotide- (or imiquimod-) induced TNF-α and IFN-α production in pDCs. This effect was reversed by the addition of CAY10449. Forskolin, a cyclic adenosine monophosphate activator, conferred a similar modulating effect to that noted in iloprost-treated pDCs, although a higher concentration of forskolin was required to exert the same effect.Iloprost enhanced interleukin-10 and suppressed Toll-like receptor-mediated tumour necrosis factor-α and interferon-α production of human plasmacytoid dendritic cellsviathe I prostanoid receptor and, in part, the cyclic adenosine monophosphate pathway.