bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo mechanical condition plays an important role for appearance of cartilage tissue in ES cell transplanted joint
Authors: Nakajima Masaaki , Wakitani Shigeyuki , Harada Yasuji , Tanigami Akira , Tomita Naohide 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the mechanical environment on the formation of cartilage tissue in transplanted embryonic stem (ES) cells. Full‐thickness osteochondral defects were created on the patella groove of SD rats, and ES cells (CCE ES cells obtained from 129/Sv/Ev mice and Green ES FM260 ES cells obtained from 129SV [D3] ‐ Tg [NCAG‐EGFP] CZ—001–FM260Osb mice) were transplanted into the defects embedded in collagen gel. The animals were randomly divided into either the joint‐free group (JF group) or the joint‐immobilized group (JI group) for 3 weeks after a week postoperatively. The results showed that cartilage‐like tissue formed in the defects of the JF group whereas large teratomatous masses developed in the defects of the JI group. Some parts of the cartilage‐like tissue and the teratomatous masses were positively stained with immunostain for GFP when the Green ES FM260 ES cells were transplanted. It is suggested that the environment plays an important role for ES cells in the process of repairing cartilage tissue in vivo. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:10–17, 2008
Multilineage differentiation of porcine bone marrow stromal cells associated with specific gene expression pattern
Authors: Zou Lijin , Zou Xuenong , Chen Li , Li Haisheng , Mygind Tina , Kassem Moustapha , Bünger Cody 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere are increasing reports regarding differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) from human and various species of animals including pigs. The phenotype and function of BMSC along a mesenchymal lineage differentiation are well characterized by specific transcription factors and marker genes. However, it is not fully clear whether multilineage differentiation (osteogenesis, chondrogenesis, and adipogenesis) of BMSC is associated with a specific gene expression pattern. In the present study, we investigated the gene expression pattern of representative transcription factors and marker genes along those three mesenchymal lineages during a particular lineage differentiation of porcine BMSC by means of real‐time PCR measurement. In an osteogenic medium, the mRNA levels of cbfa1, osterix, alkaline phosphatase, type 1 collagen, osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, and osteocalcin were induced stepwise. Meanwhile, sox9, specific to chondrogenic differentiation, was inhibited but not PPARγ2 specific to adipogenic differentiation. In an adipogenic medium, adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by upregulation of PPARγ2 and aP2 and downregulation of osteogenic genes and sox9. Chondrogenic differentiation was induced in cell pellet culture by expression of sox9, type 2 collagen, and aggrecan. Cbfa1 and PPARγ2 were inhibited in chondrogenic medium. These results indicate that the differentiation potential of BMSC to a particular mesenchymal lineage relies upon specific gene expression pattern, namely upregulation of genes specific for this lineage and suppression of other lineage differentiation. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:56–64, 2008
Neuromuscular adaptations and correlates of knee functionality following ACL reconstruction
Authors: Bryant Adam L. , Kelly Jason , Hohmann Erik 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this research was to examine the dynamic restraint mechanism by establishing the neuromuscular characteristics of lower extremity muscles in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) subjects. This study also investigated neuromuscular variables that relate to post‐ACLR functional outcome. Thirteen patients having undergone ACLR using the bone patella tendon bone graft at least 6 months prior participated in this study. Knee functionality (0‐ to 100‐point scale) was rated using the Cincinnati Knee Rating System. The median frequency of the electromyographic (EMG) recordings from the vastus medialis (VM) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscles together with the isokinetic quadriceps torque generated in 10° intervals between 80° and 10° knee flexion was determined for the noninvolved and involved limbs. Lower limb musculotendinous stiffness was also assessed for the noninvolved and involved limbs. Limb symmetry indexes were calculated for each of the physiological measures. Compared to the noninvolved limb, the median frequency of the EMG from the involved limb VM and VL muscles was significantly lower as was the quadriceps torque generated at the seven knee flexion intervals. In contrast, musculotendinous stiffness was significantly higher in the involved lower limb compared to the noninvolved limb. Significant, moderate correlations were identified between knee functionality and symmetry indexes for all variables except for the isokinetic quadriceps torque produced between 80°–70° and 20°–10° knee flexion. More functional ACLR subjects demonstrated enhanced motor unit recruitment reflective of less quadriceps muscle fiber atrophy together with increased quadriceps strength and musculotendinous stiffness of the lower limb musculature. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:126–135, 2008
Effect of osteogenic protein‐1 on the matrix metabolism of bovine tendon cells
Authors: Yamada Michiaki , Akeda Koji , Asanuma Kunihiro , Thonar Eugene J.‐M.A. , An Howard S. , Uchida Atsumasa , Masuda Koichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTendon rupture is a common sports injury in adults. However, the mechanical properties of repair tissue are inferior to those of normal tissue. To accelerate tendon healing, an in vivo approach using growth factors has been applied and has shown evidence for the efficacy of biological stimulation of the repair process. Recombinant human osteogenic protein‐1 (rhOP‐1) has been shown to be effective in stimulating matrix production by various connective tissues. To test the effect of rhOP‐1 on the matrix metabolism of tendon cells in vitro, bovine tendon cells were cultured in monolayer with various doses of rhOP‐1 for 7 days. The addition of rhOP‐1 to cell culture media resulted in significant increases in cell proliferation, DNA content, and the synthesis of proteoglycans (PGs) and collagen, compared to control cultures. The relative percentage of large PGs in the OP‐1 culture was higher than that in the control culture. In conclusion, we show for the first time that rhOP‐1 stimulates the proliferation of tendon cells and their ability to synthesize and accumulate PGs and collagen in their extracellular matrix. These biological properties may be used in the tissue‐engineering of tendon tissues. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:42–48, 2008
Locomotor skills and balance strategies in children with internal rotations of the lower limbs
Authors: Mallau Sophie , Mesure Serge , Viehweger Elke , Jacquemier Michel , Bollini Gérard , Assaiante Christine 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the functional effects of a structural deformation, internal rotations (IR) of the lower limbs, on upper body balance strategies used during locomotion in 5–6 year‐old and 7–10 year‐old children. Balance control was examined in terms of rotation around the longitudinal axis in horizontal plane (yaw) and around the sagittal axis in a frontal plane (roll). Kinematics of foot, pelvis, shoulder, and head rotations were measured with an automatic optical TV image processor and used to calculate angular dispersions and segmental stabilizations. Older children with IR showed a lower gait velocity, particularly in difficult balance conditions than typically developing (TD) children. In younger children, the effect of the local biomechanical deficit remained limited to the lower limbs and did not affect upper body coordination. By contrast, in older children with IR, the development of head stabilization in space was affected. This was demonstrated by an “en bloc” instead of an articulated mode of head‐trunk unit systematically adopted by the control group. As pelvic stabilization remains the main reference frame to organize balance control in older children with IR, we conclude that the structural deformity of the legs affect and possibly delay the acquisition of the head stabilization in space strategy. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:117–125, 2008
Clinical outcome and genotype in patients with hereditary multiple exostoses
Authors: Jäger Marcus , Westhoff Bettina , Portier Sebastian , Leube Barbara , Hardt Karin , Royer‐Pokora Brigitte , Goßheger Georg , Krauspe Rüdiger 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHereditary multiple exostoses (HME) is an autosomal dominant skeletal disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. In 52 out of 60 individuals from HME+ families, exostoses became clinically apparent. In this study, the clinical and radiological outcome of these 52 HME patients (19 families) was investigated by medical history, clinical examination, and radiographs. In addition to correlating phenotype with genotype, a linkage/exclusion analysis was performed in 35 HME patients. We found several correlations between HME genes (EXT1, EXT2) and phenotype. Compared to EXT2‐linkage, female individuals with EXT1‐linkage were smaller in stature. Patients with EXT1‐linkage and patients with undetermined linkage (EXT?) were more severely affected, underwent more surgeries, and showed a higher number of exostoses at follow‐up. Moreover, we found an increased phenotype risk for limb shortening for EXT1‐ and EXT?‐linkage. This study corresponds to data of other investigators who showed that EXT1 mutations are associated with a more severe phenotype than other EXT forms. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1541–1551, 2007
Effects of washing procedure, particle size and dilution on the distribution between non‐washable, insoluble washable and soluble washable fractions in concentrate ingredients
Authors: Azarfar Arash , Tamminga Seerp , Boer Huug 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effects of washing procedure, particle size and dilution on the distribution of non‐washable (NWF), insoluble washable (ISWF) and soluble washable (SWF) fractions were studied. The effects of three washing procedures (Yang (Y), Melin (M) and in situ (IS)) on the size of NWF, ISWF and SWF in six concentrate ingredients (maize, barley, milo, peas, lupins and faba beans), ground at two different particle sizes, were compared. Method M was further developed (method SM) by reducing the dilution ratio; its effect on NWF, ISWF and SWF was compared. A new washing method was developed (method AA) which involved continuous washing of nylon bags in a centrifuge beaker; its effect on NWF, ISWF and SWF at different dilutions with water was compared with the IS, M, SM and Y methods. The effects of different dilutions on SWF and soluble true protein (STP) in six concentrate ingredients were studied. The effects of grain, washing method and particle size on the size of NWF and ISWF were significant, with significant interactions between grain and particle size, grain and washing method, particle size and washing method, but no interaction between grain type, washing method and particle size. In method Y the size of NWF was smaller than in the other methods. The results showed that, except in lupins, NWF in grains was significantly higher than in legume seeds. Increasing the particle size significantly increased NWF, whereas ISWF was decreased. The size of SWF in legume seeds was higher than in the grains. Increasing the dilution, increased STP in legume seeds, but not in grains. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Sensory evaluation and consumer acceptability of pale‐fleshed and orange‐fleshed sweetpotato by school children and mothers with preschool children
Authors: Tomlins Keith , Ndunguru Gabriel , Stambul Kimboka , Joshua Neema , Ngendello Theresia , Rwiza Elizabeth , Amour Rahila , Ramadhani Bundala , Kapande Asia , Westby Andrew 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the flavour profile and consumer acceptability of four sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) cultivars that differed in β‐carotene content. Descriptive sensory profiles of the sweetpotato cultivars were determined using a sensory panel. Consumers in the Lake Zone of Tanzania comprised school children (n = 94) and mothers with preschool children (n = 59). Additionally, mothers gave acceptability scores for how they perceived their children's acceptance. Traditional pale‐fleshed (PFSP) and high‐β‐carotene orange‐fleshed (OFSP) sweetpotato cultivars showed distinct differences in sensory profile. Mean consumer responses indicated that OFSP were more acceptable than PFSP; mothers differed from school children by giving higher acceptance scores. Mothers did not score the perceived acceptability for their preschool children different from themselves. Segmentation appeared to suggest three distinct patterns of consumer acceptability among school children and mothers. The majority gave high acceptability scores to both OFSP and PFSP. Those in the smaller second group gave higher scores to OFSP than to PFSP, while those (particularly school children) in the third segment gave lower scores to the OFSP cultivar Karote DSM. There was evidence that school children and mothers viewed the sweetpotato cultivars differently with respect to fibrous texture. A preliminary storage trial where the sweetpotato cultivars were kept for 12 weeks in pit structures indicated that the acceptability and sensory profile of the cultivars did not differ with storage. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of sea water on biochemical properties of fruit of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) genotypes differing for ethylene production
Authors: Incerti Annalisa , Navari‐Izzo Flavia , Pardossi Alberto , Mensuali Anna , Izzo Riccardo 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Three near‐isogenic lines of cv. Gimar differing in ethylene production were used to evaluate the influence of salinity on fruit quality. Plants were grown in rockwool culture and were irrigated with nutrient solution with electrical conductivities (ECs) of 3 and 8 mS cm−1, which corresponded to 0 and 10% of sea water. For fruits picked at ‘red‐turning’ and ‘red‐ripe’ stages physico‐chemical parameters, ethylene, ascorbate and organic acid content, and cell reductive power were analysed.RESULTS: The same response was observed in all genotypes: the higher salinity growth solution increased dry matter content, total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity but reduced crop yield. Ascorbic acid and also organic acid contents showed a greater accumulation with ripening in the mutant genotypes: this might be due to a slowing of ripening. Our data confirm the lack of any relationship between the larger accumulation of TSS and ethylene production in the fruits of salt‐treated plants.CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that although salinity (10% sea water) reduces fruit yield, it does not have a negative effect on quality. So, it seems possible that controlled use of diluted sea water, combined with suitable tomato genotypes might represent a valid alternative to fresh irrigation water. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Conjugated Polymers as Optical Probes for Protein Interactions and Protein Conformations
Authors: Herland Anna , Inganäs Olle 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is a need for highly sensitive, multi‐parallel protein sensors within diagnostics and proteomic research. Conjugated polymers (CPs) have been demonstrated as highly sensitive optical probes for protein biosensing. Compared to small molecules, the polymeric probe has the possibility of multiple interactions and a collective response, which enhances the sensor signal. The optical output is colorimetric or, more sensitive, fluorescence based, including Förster energy transfer and changes in the emission wavelengths and/or intensity. Using CPs, many interesting protein detection events have been demonstrated, e.g., protein interactions, enzymatic activity, amyloid fibril formation, and detection by aptamers. CPs have also been successfully used to stain bacterial, cellular, and tissue samples.magnified image
Immunocontraceptive effect of Izumo and enhancement by combination vaccination
Authors: Naz Rajesh K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSperm proteins are being investigated for their applications in the development of contraceptive vaccines (CV) in several laboratories. In the present study, various synthetic peptides based upon four sperm proteins, namely Izumo, fertilization antigen‐1 (FA‐1), YLP12, and SP56 that are involved in various steps of the fertilization cascade were examined for their immunocontraceptive effect. The synthetic peptides were conjugated to four carrier proteins namely keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), bovine serum albumin (BSA), chicken γ‐globulin, and chicken ovalbumin. Female mice were immunized with various peptide vaccines and each booster injection was given with the peptide conjugated to a different carrier protein. Two different fertility trials with different doses of the peptide vaccines were conducted to examine the contraceptive effect. Injection of 150 µg of the peptides (Trial II) caused a significantly higher immune response in serum as well as in the vaginal tract causing enhanced contraceptive effect than those observed after injection with 75 µg of the peptides (Trial I). Immunization with the peptide vaccines based upon Izumo, which is involved in sperm–egg plasma membrane fusion, caused a significant reduction in fertility. The contraceptive effect was enhanced by immunizing with the peptides based upon other antigens (FA‐1, YLP12, and SP56), resulting in an overall 73.33% reduction in fertility. When the antibodies against the peptides disappeared after >9–10 months from circulation and genital tract, all the animals regained fertility. These findings indicate for the first time that the immunization with Izumo and other sperm peptides namely FA‐1, YLP12, and SP56 induces antibodies in serum and genital tract that cause a reversible long‐term contraceptive effect in female mice. The data further indicate that the proteins involved in sperm–egg fusion can also be used for contraceptive vaccine development. The contraceptive effects are enhanced by immunizing with the multipeptide vaccines. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 336–344, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The usefulness of key performance indicators to public accountability authorities in East Asia
Authors: Taylor Jeannette 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHas the mandated reporting of key performance indicators (KPIs) by public agencies to public accountability or reporting authorities in Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore helped these authorities in their task to hold the agencies to account? This article argues that the sheer existence of KPIs in public agencies' annual reports and budget papers does not automatically lead to their effective use by the authorities for making decisions about the agencies' performance achievements. The utilization of KPIs for making decisions by the participating authorities in these countries could be best described as careful and cautious because of their perceptions that the KPIs have failed to meet their performance information needs. Since the implementation of a performance measurement and reporting system has been linked to both instrumental and symbolic benefits, perhaps the main value of the current systems lies less with their ability to bring about instrumental benefits to reporting authorities and other stakeholders. Instead, their primary strength may be skewed towards their capacity to accrue symbolic benefits for the government. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitude of health‐care providers toward childhood leukemia patients with different socio‐economic status
Authors: Mostert Saskia , Sitaresmi Mei N. , Gundy Chad M. , Sutaryo  , Veerman Anjo J.P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackgroundTreatment results differ significantly between poor and prosperous children with leukemia in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to determine whether parental socio‐economic status influences beliefs, attitude, and behavior of health‐care providers (hcp) treating childhood leukemia in Indonesia.ProcedureA self‐administered semi‐structured questionnaire was filled in by 102 hcp (69 doctors, 28 nurses, 2 psychologists, 2 hematology technicians, 1 administrator).ResultsMost hcp (98%) asked parents about their financial situation. The decision to start treatment was influenced by parental socio‐economic status (86%), motivation of parents (80%), and motivation of doctors (76%). Health‐care providers stated that prosperous patients comply better with treatment (64%), doctors comply better with treatment for the prosperous (53%), most patients cannot afford to complete treatment (58%), less extensive explanations are given toward poor families (60%), and communication is impeded by differences in status (67%). When dealing with prosperous families a minority of hcp stated that they pay more attention (27%), work with greater accuracy (24%), take more interest (23%), and devote more time per visit (22%). Most hcp denied differences in the quality of medical care (93%) and the chances of cure (58%) between poor and prosperous patients.ConclusionsBeliefs, attitude, and behavior of hcp toward poor versus prosperous patients appeared to differ. These differences may contribute to the immense drop‐out rate and slight chances of survival among poor patients with leukemia in developing countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1001–1005. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First solvent‐free synthesis of poly(N‐methylolacrylamide) via frontal free‐radical polymerization
Authors: Chen Li , Hu Ting , Yu Huan , Chen Su , Pojman John A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report the first synthesis of poly (N‐methylolacrylamide) (PNMA) via free‐radical frontal polymerization (FP) with solid monomers at ambient pressure. The appropriate amounts of reactants (N‐methylolacrylamide) (NMA) and initiator (ammonium persulfate) were mixed together at ambient temperature without solvent. FP was initiated by heating the wall of the tube with a soldering iron, and the resultant hot fronts were allowed to self‐propagate throughout the reaction vessel. Once initiated, no further energy was required for polymerization to occur. To suppress the fingers of molten monomer, a small amount of nanosilica was added. We also produced PNMA with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, as solvent by FP, to study the macrokinetics in FP of PNMA without fillers. The front velocity and front temperature dependence on the ammonium persulfate and N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone concentration were investigated. The polymer was analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis. Results show that without postpolymerization solvent removal, waste production can be reduced. Solvent‐free FP could be exploited as a means for preparation of PNMA with the potential advantage of higher throughput than solvent‐based methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4322–4330, 2007