bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High infusion pressure in conjunction with vitreous surgery alters the morphology and function of the retina of rabbits
Authors: Minami Masahiro , Oku Hidehiro , Okuno Takashi , Fukuhara Masayuki , Ikeda Tsunehiko 
Published: April 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To investigate the effects of high infusion pressure in conjunction with pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) on retinal morphology and function in rabbits.Methods:  Pars plana vitrectomy was performed under urethane (0.8 mg/kg) anaesthesia in the right eye of albino rabbits following phacoemulsification and aspiration (PEA). The left eyes were not touched. After PEA, the animals were divided into two groups. In six eyes, intraocular pressure (IOP) was increased to 80 mmHg for 30 mins (high‐pressure group) and in five eyes IOP was maintained at 40 mmHg for 30 mins (low‐pressure group). The IOPs were regulated by the height of the bottle of balanced salt solution (BSS) and monitored with a pressure transducer. After the pressure elevation, vitreous fluid was collected to measure the glutamate concentration. Then, PPV was performed for 15 mins in both groups under an infusion pressure of 40 mmHg. In five additional rabbits, PEA alone was performed in the right eye, and vitreous fluid was collected (PEA group). Functional alterations were assessed by recording visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and electroretinograms (ERGs). Ten days after the IOP changes, the animals were killed with intravenous pentobarbital sodium and the eyes were prepared for histological analysis. Damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) was quantified by counting the number of cells in the ganglion cell layer (GCL). The contralateral eyes in the high‐pressure group served as controls (n = 6).Results:  The mean implicit time (IT) of the VEPs in the high‐pressure group was significantly longer than that before the IOP elevation, by 114−124% (p < 0.05, paired t‐test), and also than that of control eyes (p < 0.05, anova followed by t‐test). No significant changes in the VEPs were detected in either the low‐pressure group or the PEA group. There were significantly fewer cells in the GCL in the high‐pressure group (24.7/mm) than in the control animals (41.4/mm; p < 0.05, Dunnett's test). The number of cells in the GCL in the low‐pressure and PEA groups did not significantly differ to that in the controls. The amplitudes of the ERG a‐ and b‐waves were not significantly changed (p > 0.05, paired t‐test).Conclusions:  These results suggest that high infusion pressure in conjunction with PPV leads to morphological and functional changes in the retina. The absence of ERG changes and presence of VEP changes suggest that these changes were due to damage to RGCs, which supports the morphological observations.
Opposite effects of TGF‐β1 and IFN‐γ on transdifferentiation of myofibroblast in human gingival cell cultures
Authors: Sobral Lays M. , Montan Patrick F. , Martelli‐Junior Hercílio , Graner Edgard , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackground/Aim: Previously, we have shown that myofibroblasts, the main cell type associated with interstitial fibrosis, may be implicated with the gingival overgrowth observed in hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) patients. The goal of this study was to determine whether transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) stimulates myofibroblast generation in gingival fibroblast cultures. Moreover, we analysed how interferon‐γ (IFN‐γ) interferes in this process.Material and Methods: Fibroblast cultures from normal gingiva and myofibroblast cells from HGF were included in this study. To determine the effects of TGF‐β1 and IFN‐γ stimulation in these cells, the expression of the specific myofibroblast marker smooth muscle isoform of α‐actin (α‐SMA) was examined by semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot and immunofluorescence. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for type I collagen was performed to measure the myofibroblast activity.Results: Our results demonstrated that TGF‐β1 promotes a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in the expression of α‐SMA, whereas IFN‐γ blocks it and markedly prevents the fibroblast–myofibroblast switch induced by TGF‐β1 on normal gingiva cultures. IFN‐γ altered HGF myofibroblasts metabolism with a decrease of both α‐SMA and type I collagen expression. Additionally, IFN‐γ treatment stimulated SMAD7 expression and inhibited connective tissue growth factor, which has been considered a key molecule to promote the transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts via TGF‐β1 activation.Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that TGF‐β1 induces gingival fibroblast–myofibroblast transdifferentiation, whereas IFN‐γ blocks this process. More importantly, this study suggests that IFN‐γ may be clinically effective in attenuating excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix produced by myofibroblasts in HGF.
Obesity and periodontitis in 60–70‐year‐old men
Authors: Linden Gerry , Patterson Chris , Evans Alun , Kee Frank 
Published: April 2007

AbstractObjective: The aim was to investigate whether there was an association between obesity and periodontitis in a homogeneous group of 60–70‐year‐old Western European men. The study also explored whether a high body mass index (BMI) in early life predicted poor periodontal status in later life.Methodology: A representative sample of the male population of UK, who were enrolled in a cohort study of cardiovascular disease, was examined between 2001 and 2003. A total of 1362 men with six or more teeth completed a questionnaire, had a clinical periodontal examination and had their weight and height recorded. Multivariable analysis was carried out using logistic regression with adjustment for possible confounders. Models were constructed with low‐ and high‐ threshold periodontitis as dependent variables and with BMI as a categorical predictor variable. Low‐threshold periodontitis was identified when at least two teeth had 6 mm loss of attachment and at least one site had a pocket of 5 mm. High‐threshold periodontitis was identified when 15% of sites had 6 mm loss of attachment and there was deep pocketing (6 mm). Modelling was repeated for other predictor variables including BMI at 21 years of age and change in weight since 21 years of age.Results: Two hundred and ninety‐eight (21.9%) of the men studied, who had a BMI of >30 kg/m2, were classified as obese. Obesity was associated with low‐threshold periodontitis, odds ratio (OR)=1.77 (p=0.004) after adjustment for confounders. The BMI at 21 years of age did not predict periodontitis in the men investigated. Participants who had experienced a large (>30%) increase in weight during adulthood had an increased risk of poor periodontal condition; however, this was attenuated and no longer significant after adjustment for confounders.Conclusions: It is concluded that obesity was associated with periodontitis in the homogeneous group of 60–70‐year‐old European men investigated. High BMI levels in early life did not predict periodontitis in later life in the men studied.
Une lecture du Mystère du Jour du Jugement portant sur l'imagination allégorique
Authors: Kjær Jonna 
Published: April 2007

Le mystère du Jour du Jugement datant du XIVe siècle traite de l’Apocalypse, donc de l'avènement d'Antéchrist et du Jugement dernier. C'est un texte de 2800 vers environ (2438 vers conservés), mais qui doit être joué par non moins que 94 personnages ou groupes de personnages. La disposition scénique a dûêtre celle du «théâtre en rond », avec six mansions ou lieux . Au milieu de ce «cercle magique » est situé le Cimetière, ce qui illustre l'importance du thème de la mort.L'article examine plusieurs traits qui pourront s'interpréter comme des signaux révélateurs d'une conscience – ou d'une imagination ‐ allégorique. C'est le personnage curieux du «mauvais évêque » qui invite surtout à une lecture allégorique qui voit dans le mystère une psychomachia, c'est‐à‐dire un combat entre le Bien et le Mal pour l’âme de l'Homme au moment de la mort.L'autre texte du codex, le Testament de Jean de Meun, est présenté et commenté, et la conclusion établit un rapport possible entre le mystère du Jour du Jugement et le dit allégorique du Plait de l'Evesque et de Droit de Jean le Court dit Brisebare.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Bruce William F. , CLAYTON A. S. , Woelfel Norman , BERKSON ISAAC B. 
Published: April 2007

ESSAYS IN TEACHING. Edited by Harold Taylor. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1950. 239 pp.Two Essays On A Prize‐Winning Book EDUCATION AND MORALS. By John L. Chills. New York: Appleton‐Century ‐ Crofts, 1950. 293 pp. $2.75.PHILOSOPHICAL NARCISSISMPATTERNS OF EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHY: A DEMOCRATIC INTERPRETATION. By Theodore Brameld. Y onkers‐on‐Hudson, New York: World Book Company, 1950. 824 pp.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Schuman R. Baird , Ulich Mary Ewen , Shoemaker F. L. , WALSH JOHN E. 
Published: April 2007

EDUCATIONAL PHILOSOPHIES AND DEMOCRATIC FAITH. By James W. Skelton.ADULT EDUCATION. By P. H. Sheats, C. D. Jayne, and R. B. Spence.PHILOSOPHY AND THE IDEOLOGICAL CONFLICT. By Charles S. Seely.GANDHI: HIS LIFE AND MESSAGE FOR THE WORLD. By Louis Fischer.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Shoemaker F. L. , Newman Floyd W. , Furness Edna Lue , Levit Martin , Cappon Alexander P. , Krash Otto , Shoemaker F. L. 
Published: April 2007

COMMUNITY IN CRISIS: THE ELIMINATION OF SEGREGATION FROM A PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEM. By James H. Tipton.THE MEANING OF THE GLORIOUS KORAN. Translated by Mohammed Marmaduke Pickthall.PUBLIC EDUCATION UNDER CRITICISM.M. Hill. New York: Prentice‐Hall, 1954. 414 pages. $6.35. Edited by W. Winfield Scott and ClydeINQUIRY INTO INQUIRIES: ESSAYS IN SOCIAL THEORY. By Arthur F. Bentley.POWER OF WORDS. By Stuart Chase in collaboration with Marian T. Chase.GREAT HUMAN ISSUES OF OUR TJMES. By Harold Benjamin, Kenneth Cooper, Willard Gosh, Clifton L. Hall, Claude Chadwick, James L. Hymes, Jr., Henry H.Hill and William Van Til.PUBLIC EDUCATION AND ITS CRITICS. New York: The Mac‐millan Company, 1954. 170 pp. $2.50. (Kappa Delta Phi Lecture.) By V. T. Thayer.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: LEVIT MARTIN , MILLER HENRY , FURNESS EDNA LUE , KRASH OTTO 
Published: April 2007

SOVEREIGN REASON. By Ernest Nagel.THE SOCIOLOGY OF EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL SOCIOLOGY. A Sociology of Education by Wilbur B. Brookover. New York: American Book Company, 1955; and Applied Principles of Educational Sociology and Educational Sociology, A Resource Book. Edited by Harold R. Bottrell.WHY JOHNNY CAN'T READ AND WHAT YOU CAN DO ABOUT IT. By Rudolf Flesch.THE FLEXIBLE SCHOOL: A REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE FOR THE STUDY OF FLEXIBILITY IN THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL.
Ethnographic Data and Education Policy Analysis: Recent Qualitative Research
Authors: Porter‐Gehrie Cynthia 
Published: April 2007

Review of Harry F. Wolcott, Teachers vs. Technocrats: An Eduacational Innovation in Anthropological Perspective (Eugene, Ore.: Univ. of Oregon, 1977).Review of Safe School Study: Violent Schools – Safe Schools (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1978).Review of Ray Rist, The Invisible Children: School Integration in American Society (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Univ. Press, 1978).
A FAMILY CASE OF BLOOD GROUP B VARIANTS
Authors: Furukawa Ken , Takizawa Hisao , Iseki Shoei 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYCarriers of weak B variant were found in two generations of a family. The saliva of the father contained a small amount of B substance, but the saliva of his two daughters contained only H but not B.The erythrocytes of the propositus reacted only with potent anti‐B and anti‐(A + B) sera, and though the erythrocytes were not agglutinated by the weaker anti‐B sera, the eluates showed that they combined with anti‐B antibody. The eluates from normal human B and AB erythrocytes, and guinea‐pig's erythrocytes which had adsorbed human anti‐B agglutinin, agglutinated normal B erythrocytes but not the weak B. The eluates from the weak B erythrocytes and rabbit's erythrocytes both of which had adsorbed anti‐B, agglutinated the weak B erythrocytes as well as the normal B erythrocytes. These weak B erythrocytes showed agglutinability as strong as that of O erythrocytes against anti‐H eel serum. The sera of these weak B variants contained normal anti‐A agglutinin and a weak anti‐B cold agglutinin which was reactive at 5°C. As the saliva of the propositus contained as much H substance as was found in group O secretor saliva, but not B substance, her blood group was denoted by Bx. Her sister has same characters of Bx. in the erythrocytes and in the saliva. Her father's blood group was AB, and his erythrocytes showed weak B antigenicity, and his saliva contained rather weak B substance as well as the normal amounts of A and H substances.
THE EFFECTS OF ANTIGENIC ISOMERISM AND ANTIGENIC AGGREGATION ON THE ANTIBODY RESPONSE IN INBRED RATS *
Authors: Kunz Heinz W. , Gill, III Thomas J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThere is no evidence for genetic control of the antibody response to the d‐amino acid polypeptide poly(dGlu52dLys33dTyr15) in contrast to the case of the l‐isomer in which the antibody response is genetically controlled and linked to the major histocompatibility locus. There is also no crossreactivity between the l‐ and d‐isomers of the polypeptide in the induction of the immune response. Aggregation of the l‐isomer with methylated bovine serum albumin (MeBSA) abolished the pattern of genetic control by increasing antibody formation in the low responders and by decreasing it in the high responders. Aggregation of the d‐isomer increased rather uniformly the antibody responses of all strains, except the moderately responding WF strain. The antibody response to the MeBSA in the aggregates was uniformly low, although there was a strain dependent variation in the antibody response to MeBSA alone.
FOUR NEW HL‐A ALLELIC FACTORS SUBTYPIC TO HL‐A12 AND W15. THEIR CORRELATION WITH W4 AND W6
Authors: Richiardi P. , Castagneto M. , D'Amaro J. , Schreuder I. , Vassalli P. , Curtoni E. S. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSeveral anti‐HL‐A antisera, correlated with either HL‐A12 or W15, were studied. Immunogenetic analysis was carried out by population and family studies, adsorptions, elutions and resistance to lysis induction capacity. Antibodies present in the sera allow the distinction to be made between two alternative factors subtypic to HL‐A12,‘TO 50’and‘TO 51′, and two alternative factors subtypic to W15,‘TO 52’and‘TO 53′. These subdivisions are genetically determined. Lysostrip experiments demonstrated them to be on the same molecule carrying either HL‐A 12 or W15. Thus, they enable the identification of new locus FOUR allelic products. These new HL‐A factors are strictly correlated with W4 and W6: haplotypic association has regularly been found between TO 50 and W4, TO 51 and W6, TO 52 and W4, TO 53 and W6. This subdivision of HL‐A allelic products into specificities subtypic either to W4 or to W6 is a characteristic common to most, if not all, FOUR factors. Finally, the commonly observed cross‐reaction between W15 and W17 preferably takes place with TO 52. It should be noted that both TO 52 and W17 are subtypic to W4.
THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF CHACMA BABOONS TO INTRAVENOUS AND INTRAMUSCULAR INJECTIONS OF HUMAN RED CELLS AND THE DEMONSTRATION OF POSSIBLE SIMILARITIES TO RH ISOIMMUNIZATION
Authors: Vos G. H. , Downing H. J. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe present study has shown that the intramuscular injection of human red cells into baboons can often produce long lasting antibodies of the IgG variety. The intravenous administration of human red cells into baboons sometimes fails to stimulate the production of antibodies to the first injection but after a second injection short duration IgG and IgM antibodies are generally observed. A similar pattern of antibody behaviour was also seen in a postnatal follow‐up study of Rh immunized women. Of significance was the finding that some women were able to make long lasting high titred Rh antibodies whilst others frequently produced antibodies which decreased in intensity shortly after pregnancy. It is postulated that the formation of long lasting high titred Rh antibodies may be due to the intrauterine trapping of fetal Rh incompatible cells during parturition, while the formation of antibodies which show a marked decrease in intensity may result from the passage of fetal cells into the maternal blood circulation. Different in vivo pathways of antibody formation are indicated for the two modes of red cell antigen presentation.
ALTERATIONS IN THE EXPRESSIVITY OF LYMPHOCYTE HL‐A ANTIGENS AND PLATELET‐SPECIFIC ANTIGENS IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS
Authors: Májský A. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA report is presented of three cases of healthy individuals with a transient absence of HL‐A2 antigen and presence of W28. Temporary deletion of platelet‐specific antigen 1a was observed in eight normal blood donors. The cause of the phenomenon is discussed.
MODIFICATION BY HERPESVIRUS OF HEREDITARY GVHR COMPETENCY
Authors: Longenecker B. M. , Pazderka F. , Ruth R. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYLow GHVR competency is determined by B blood group and major histoin‐compatibility genes or genes linked to B. Low GVHR competency is associated with resistance to the herpesvirus‐induced lymphoma of Marek's disease. Herpesviruses increase genetically low GVHR competency, but have no effect on genetically high GVRH competency. This suggests that some major histoincompatibility genes restrain and lymphogenic herpesviruses stimulate T‐lymphocyte proliferation. B‐associated resistance to herpesvirus lymphoma is attributed to this restraint of T‐lymphocyte proliferation.
A POSSIBLE GENETIC SOLUTION OF THE AUSTRALIA HEPATITIS (B) ANTIGEN
Authors: Tovell T. R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYBy applying the gene template structure (Tovell & Vos, 1973) to a series of observations made by Soulier & Couroucé‐Pauty (1973) a probable solution to the genetics of the Australia Hepatitis (B) antigen is presented.Since the gene template structure proposed for antigens is of monomer, dimer and trimer structure–similar to antibody structure–this appears to mean that the Hepatitis antigen complex is similar. It is also likely that the determinants used to identify the Hepatitis antigens cut through the genetic systems and that most of them repeat in two or more ‘genetic antigens’.A total of seventy‐three coincidences in nineteen groups of observation is reported, and there were no observations reported that did not coincide.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN GENETIC MARKERS IN THE THAI POPULATION
Authors: Van Loghem Erna , Chandanavingyong D. , Douglas R. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYSerum samples of 200 Thai donors and of 138 individuals belonging to twenty‐two families were tested for allotypes of IgG and IgA heavy chains, i.e. G1m, G2m, G3m and A2m respectively, and of K type light chains, i.e. Km (formerly called Inv).The heavy chain allotypes are inherited in fixed combinations called haplotypes. The composition of the haplotypes present in Thai could be deduced from family studies. The main haplotypes encountered were those that are characteristic for Orientals and the frequencies agreed with those found in other Southern Asian countries.Ten samples showed phenotypes that could not result from the prevailing haplotypes.The probable genotype of these samples is undecided.
Gm AND Inv MARKERS IN WHOLE MYELOMA SERA IN AN IRISH POPULATION
Authors: Blake P. J. , Greally J. F. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYA survey has been carried out on sera from 136 myeloma patients for distribution of Gm markers 1, 2, 4 and 12 and Inv 1. It was found that with Gm (1), Gm(2) and Gm (12) the distribution was normal. However, Gm (4) was found to be present in 41 % of the sera compared with an expected value of 90%.
HISTOCOMPATIBILITY OF CHICKENS HOMOZYGOUS AT THE B‐LOCUS ERYTHROCYTE ANTIGEN. I. EFFECT OF B‐LOCUS MATCHING ON SKIN GRAFT SURVIVAL
Authors: French Valentine I. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe development of four lines of white leghorn birds homozygous at the blood group B‐locus is described. Blood grouping of these birds shows that genes for the A‐locus are still segregating. The survival time of skin grafts exchanged between birds of the same line (B‐locus identical) and of a different line (B‐locus non‐identical) was measured. The mean survival time of skin grafts exchanged between birds of the same line was 11.9 ± 2.6 days whilst that of skin grafts exchanged between birds of a different line was 7.5 ± 1.3 days. The relationship of the B‐locus to the major histocompatibility complex is discussed.
PASSIVE ENHANCEMENT OF H‐2 INCOMPATIBLE SKIN ALLOGRAFTS AND MLR INHIBITION BY CROSS‐REACTIVE Ia ANTIBODIES
Authors: Staines N. A. , Guy K. , Cuthbertson Joy L. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYPassive enhancement of H‐2 incompatible skin allografts was studied in systems where the enhancing serum covered only a restricted number of Ia specificities involved in the incompatibility. Sera reacting with products of the I‐A region were effective at prolonging survival, probably to the same extent as a serum covering all the specificities of the incompatibility. Such sera also inhibited MLR in the same strain combinations. Interpretation of these and other data suggests that products of the I‐B, I‐E and I‐C regions play a subordinate role as target antigens for enhancement. It is concluded that either Ia antigens of different regions have different biological activities or enhancement is a function only of antibodies directed against antigens that stimulate in MLR.
INVESTIGATIONS OF IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN TETRAPARENTAL MOUSE CHIMAERAS
Authors: Festenstein H. , Huber Brigitte , Abbasi K. , Tuffrey Maureen , Gardner R. , Barnes R. D. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe tetraparental model was used to investigate the mechanism of induction and maintenance of tolerance. Of eight C57BL?BALB/c, potential tetraparental mice, six were found to be chimaeric by coat colour and by one or more of the following parameters: g.p.i., γ2a allotype testing, lymphocytotoxicity testing and germ line. None of the mice were chimaeric by all of these tests but showed instead a variable spectrum of chimaerism. Tolerance was investigated by both in vivo and in vitro testing. When the mice were chimaeric by at least two criteria, they were unresponsive to skin allografting (five out of six mice) and their spleen cells were non‐reactive against BALB/c × C57BL F1 s in the popliteal node GVH, test. In contrast, the MLRs were generally positive and could not be blocked by chimaera serum or suppressed by chimaera thymus suspensions. Thus while we cannot formally exclude a suppressive mechanism, our results are best explained by the classical theory of clonal elimination provided one accepts that clonal reactivity and elimination is heterogeneous. The very establishment of a successful chimaera may be dependent upon the elimination of clones causing lethal GVHR while those responsible for an MLR or other non‐lethal parameters of chimaerism is retained.
DO F1 CELLS DIVIDE AND RESPOND TO PARENTAL CELLS? STUDIES ON THE MIXED LYMPHOCYTE REACTION OF CBA MICE
Authors: Doenhoff M. J. , Rees C.T. , Leuchars E. , Festenstein H. 
Published: April 2007

SUMMARYThe CBA/H mouse lymphocytes which divide when cultured together with allogeneic blood in mixed lymphocyte reactions (MLR) have been shown to be mainly of thymic origin with the aid of thymus grafted radiation chimaeras. By adaptation of a system used previously to quantity mitogen responsive cells, the relative number of cells in CBA/H mouse blood capable of responding in the MLR, and the effects of preimmunizing CBA/H mice with allogeneic cells have been quantified. In mixed lymphocyte reactions between parental and allogeneic F1 hybrid cells, substantial numbers of the latter cell type have been found in division. Attempts to elucidate the nature of these reacting F1 cells indicate that they are probably mainly of bone marrow origin and that they are responding in a non‐specific manner.