bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomoxetine for the treatment of executive dysfunction in Parkinson's disease: A pilot open‐label study
Authors: Marsh Laura , Biglan Kevin , Gerstenhaber Melissa , Williams James R. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExecutive dysfunction (ED) is a prominent and often disabling feature of cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD). Few studies have examined treatments. Given the role of noradrenergic pathology in ED, atomoxetine, a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), may be a potential treatment for PD‐related ED. Twelve patients with PD and disabling ED completed an 8‐week pilot open‐label, flexible dose (25–100 mg/day) trial of atomoxetine. On primary outcome measures, atomoxetine was associated with improved ED based on the Clinical Global Impression‐Change Scale (75% positive response rate; 95% CI: 43–95%, P < 05) and behavioral measures of ED [Frontal Systems Behavior Scale (FrSBE) Executive Dysfunction and Connors Adult ADHD Rating Scale (CAARS) inattention/memory subscales]. Adverse effects included sleep and gastrointestinal disturbances and hypomania. Atomoxetine is tolerable in PD and may benefit clinical manifestations of ED, warranting further study in controlled trials. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Stability of numerical schemes on staggered grids
Authors: Oishi C. M. , Cuminato J. A. , Yuan J. Y. , McKee S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper considers the stability of explicit, implicit and Crank–Nicolson schemes for the one‐dimensional heat equation on a staggered grid. Furthermore, we consider the cases when both explicit and implicit approximations of the boundary conditions are employed. Why we choose to do this is clearly motivated and arises from solving fluid flow equations with free surfaces when the Reynolds number can be very small, in at least parts of the spatial domain. A comprehensive stability analysis is supplied: a novel result is the precise stability restriction on the Crank–Nicolson method when the boundary conditions are approximated explicitly, that is, at t=nδt rather than t=(n+1)δt. The two‐dimensional Navier–Stokes equations were then solved by a marker and cell approach for two simple problems that had analytic solutions. It was found that the stability results provided in this paper were qualitatively very similar, thereby providing insight as to why a Crank–Nicolson approximation of the momentum equations is only conditionally stable. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CF Bond Cleavage during Derivatization Reactions of Amino Groups with TFBA and PFB at Plasma‐Processed Organic Surfaces?
Authors: Yegen Eda , Zimmermann Uwe , Unger Wolfgang E. S , Braun Thomas 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChemical derivatization XPS is used for the quantitative determination of amines at conventional organic surfaces, and it is also applied to plasma‐processed aminated surfaces. When using TFBA and PFB as derivatization reagents for tagging primary amino groups, unexpected fluorine species were observed in the second case. The existence of reaction pathways other than those expected for amine derivatization with PFB or TFBA has to be assumed. This phenomenon is tentatively interpreted as the result of CF bond cleavage during derivatization reactions of TFBA and PFB at plasma‐polymerized allylamine and other plasma‐processed aminated surfaces. As a consequence, quantification procedures based on derivatization by PFB or TFBA will underestimate amine surface concentrations.magnified image
Fabrication of MgZnO films by molecular precursor method and their application to UV‐transparent electrodes
Authors: Mashiyama Yoshihiro , Yoshioka Kaori , Komiyama Shigetoshi , Nomura Hirohisa , Adachi Shunsuke , Sato Mitsunobu , Honda Tohru 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMgZnO thin films were fabricated by the molecular precursor method (MPM) for the realization of cost‐effective near‐ultraviolet (UV) transparent electrodes for GaN‐based UV light‐emitting diodes (LEDs). The fabrication by MPM requires a common solution. It was clarified that ammonia aqueous is a common solvent for Mg, Zn and Ga precursors. MgZnO thin film was successfully fabricated on a quartz glass substrate using MgZnO precursor solution. The solid phase composition of Mg in the film is 40‐50% of its molar fraction in the liquid phase. The X‐ray diffraction patterns indicate the films have a hexagonal single phase, the same as in the case of ZnO. Ga doping of the MgZnO films enables their resistivity control. The possibility of applying MgZnO films for UV transparent electrodes on GaN‐based UV LEDs is discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surface diffusion during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of AlN
Authors: Banal Ryan G. , Funato Mitsuru , Kawakami Yoichi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe surface diffusion of Al adatoms during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy of AlN was investigated, using sapphire substrates with different mis‐orientations. It was found that the diffusion length during modified migration‐enhanced epitaxy (MEE) is about 40 nm and comparable to that of conventional MEE under the current growth conditions. The enhancement of the diffusion length by alternating supply of source precursors was also demonstrated. The screw dislocation density in the modified‐MEE‐grown AlN was extracted to be as low as 2.2 × 106 /cm2 from X‐ray diffraction, while the chemical etching by KOH solution revealed an etch pit density of 1.0 × 106 /cm2, both of which indicated its superior structural properties. The chemical etching also evidenced that the grown AlN has Al polarity. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Pressure effects on the structural, electronic, and optical properties of Sin@SWCNTs
Authors: Zhang Y. H. , Meng J. , Zhang X. Q. , Li Hui , Taft C. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWell‐ordered single, double/four parallel, three/four‐strands helical chains, and five‐strand helical chain with a single atom chain at the center of Si nanowires (NWs) inside single‐walled carbon nanotubes (Sin@SWCNTs) are obtained by means of molecular dynamics. On the basis of these optimized structures, the structural evolution of Sin@SWCNTs subjected to axial stress at low temperature is also investigated. Interestingly, the double parallel chains depart at the center and transform into two perpendicular parts, the helical shell transformed into chain, and the strand number of Si NWs increases during the stress load. Through analyzis of pair correlation function (PCF), the density of states (DOS), and the z‐axis polarized absorption spectra of Sin@SWCNTs, we find that the behavior of Sin@SWCNTs under stress strongly depends on SWCNTs' symmetry, diameter, as well as the shape of NWs, which provide valuable information for potential application in high pressure cases such as seabed cable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Accurate solutions for the spiked oscillators
Authors: Campoy G. , Aquino N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe one‐dimensional harmonic oscillator potential plus a term of the form λ / xα is known as the spiked oscillator potential; it constitutes a very interesting system because of its difficulties to accept perturbative and variational solutions for certain regimes of the α parameter. By the use of a numerical method, we obtain accurate energy eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for a wide range of λ values and a few α values. The accuracy of the present results is by much higher than previously published results. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
Regionalization of natural flow regime: application to environmental flow optimization at ungauged sites
Authors: Shiau Jenq‐Tzong , Wu Fu‐Chun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this work we use the regionalization approach (RA) to derive the natural flow regime at an ungauged site. The derived natural flow regime, expressed by the regional cdf models of 32 indicators of hydrologic alteration (IHA) is used in the histogram matching approach (HMA) to seek the optimal environmental flows for a proposed multiobjective diversion weir in Taiwan. The results reveal that the outcomes associated with the planning constant scheme are significantly improved by the optimal time‐varying scheme. The histogram dissimilarities of 32 IHA associated with the planning scheme are consistently greater than those associated with the optimal scheme, especially for low‐flow IHA. Despite the inherent discrepancy between different approaches to generating flow data at the ungauged site, the optimal outcomes resulting from the RA‐based natural flow regime appear to be plausible and consistent with those reported in the previous work, thus validating the RA used in this work. We also explore the effect of weighting factors on the optimal outcomes. The results reveal that the weighting factor of the ecosystem needs objective dominates all optimal outcomes, while those of the agricultural demands and interbasin transfers objectives have minor effects on the optimal outcomes. The global optimal solution is obtained with a full or null weighting assigned to the ecosystem needs objective, while the least optimal solution is obtained as the interbasin transfers objective is given a null weighting and the agricultural demands objective is weighted more than the ecosystem needs objective. River managers and decision makers may select more balanced weir operation strategies based on the results presented in this work. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on channel depletion in metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field effect transistor using top‐view imaging through scanning capacitance microscopy
Authors: Naitou Y. , Ogiso H. , Kamohara S. , Yano F. , Nishida A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCarrier profiles within the near‐surface channel region of n‐type metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (n‐MOSFETs) have been examined using scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM). After the removal of a poly‐Si gate electrode, we were able to assess the qualitative local carrier concentration within specified regions of an n‐MOSFET using static capacitance (dC/dZ) measurement with its bias dependence (dC/dZ–V spectra). We found that the dC/dZ‐signal at the center of the channel region lowers as the gate length is reduced. This result is attributed to the carrier depletion within the channel, which is consistent with the threshold voltage (Vth) characteristics of the device properties. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kupferchalkogenid‐Clusterverbindungen mit nitro‐funktionalisierter Ligandenhülle
Authors: Fernandez‐Recio Lucia , Fenske Dieter , Fuhr Olaf 
Published: November 2008

AbstractCopper Chalcogenide Cluster Compounds with Nitro‐functionalized Ligand ShellThree new copper chalcogenide cluster molecules, [Cu4(SC6H4NO2)4(PPh3)4] (1), [Cu4(SC6H4NO2)2(OAc)2(PPh3)4] (2), and [Cu22Se6(SC6H4NO2)10(PPh3)8] (3), have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X‐ray structure analysis. 1 and 2 were prepared from the reactions of Cu(OAc) and HSC6H4NO2 in the presence of PPh3 and have a similar “chair” structure in which two copper atoms are trigonally coordinated and two are tetrahedrally coordinated. The nitro groups of the ligands are not coordinated to any metal atom, but are located on the surface of the organic shell of the cluster molecules. In a further reaction between 2 and Se(SiMe3)2, cluster 3 was crystallized. Crystals of 3 include approximately 16.5 molecules THF per formula unit. This synthesis demonstrates the use of these “small” copper chalcogenide clusters as precursor compounds for the synthesis of bigger species. Non‐functionalized compounds similar to 1 and 2 are typically very pale or even colourless crystals. This is in contrast to the clusters presented in this work, which formed intensively orange or red crystals, due to the presence of the nitro groups. To investigate the influence of these nitro groups on the optical properties in more detail we have carried out UV‐VIS spectroscopic measurements.
On an Unexpected 2D‐linked Rare Earth 1,2,4‐Triazolate Network: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic and Thermal Properties of $_{\infty}^{2}\rm [Ho(Tz)_{3}(TzH)_{2}]TzH$
Authors: Müller‐Buschbaum Klaus , Mokaddem Yassin , Höller Christoph J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe network compound $_{\infty}^{2}\rm [Ho(Tz)_{3}(TzH)_{2}]TzH$, (Tz− = 1,2,4‐triazolate anion, C2H2N3−, TzH = 1,2,4‐1H‐triazole, C2H3N3), was obtained as pink single crystals by the reaction of the holmium metal with a melt of the amine 1,2,4‐1H‐triazole. No additional solvent was used. The compound is an unexpected example of a 2D‐linked network structure as other lanthanides give 3D‐frameworks and MOFs with 1,2,4‐1H‐triazole instead. This illustrates that the series of lanthanides yields very different results in attempts to create MOF structures. In $_{\infty}^{2}\rm [Ho(Tz)_{3}(TzH)_{2}]TzH$ the triazolate ligands Tz− function both as μ‐η1:η2 linkers as well as η1 end on ligands. The latter coordination mode is also found for additional triazole molecules. C.N. is nine for holmium(III). The layers $_{\infty}^{2}\rm [Ho(Tz)_{3}(TzH)_{2}]$ exhibit a system of intra and inter layer hydrogen bonding and to triazole molecules from the melt reaction intercalated in‐between the layers. The product was investigated by X‐ray single crystal analysis, Mid IR, Far IR and Raman spectroscopy, and with DTA/TG regarding its thermal behaviour.
Lanthanoidkomplexe von 1‐(2‐Propenyl)‐ und 1‐(3‐Butenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecan‐4,7,10‐triessigsäure
Authors: Schumann Herbert , Kuse Katharina 
Published: November 2008

Abstractη3‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane molybdenum tricarbonyl reacts with allyl bromide and 3‐butenyl bromide in dimethylformamide in the presence of K2CO3yielding 1‐(2‐propenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (1a) and 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane (1b), which on their part react with bromoacetic acidtert‐butyl ester in CH3CN to give 1‐(2‐propenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐4,7,10‐tris‐acetic acidtert‐butyl ester (2a) and 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐4,7,10‐tris‐acetic acidtert‐butyl ester (2b), respectively. Compounds2aand2bare converted into the corresponding acids 1‐(2‐propenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐4,7,10‐tris‐acetic acid (4a) (MPC) and 1‐(3‐butenyl)‐1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐4,7,10‐tris‐acetic acid (4b) (MBC) via the trifluoroacetates3aand3b. Sm(NO3)3(H2O)6, LuCl3(THF)3, and TmCl3(H2O)6react with4aand4bforming the lanthanide complexes Sm(MPC) (5), Lu(MPC) (6), Tm(MPC) (7a) and Tm(MBC) (7b). The IR as well as the1H and13C NMR spectra of the new compounds are reported and discussed.
Pb(18‐crown‐6)Cl2 and Hg(18‐crown‐6)I2: Molecular Dihalides Trapped in a Crown Ether
Authors: Rieger Franziska , Mudring Anja‐Verena 
Published: November 2008

AbstractPb(18‐crown‐6)Cl2 and Hg(18‐crown‐6)I2 are obtained as transparent colourless crystals of needle and hexagonal shape, respectively, by isothermal evaporation of their dichloromethane solutions. Pb(18‐crown‐6)Cl2 crystallizes with the trigonal crystal system [$R{\bar 3}$, no. 148, a = b = 1176.3(2), c = 1191.8(3) pm, V = 1428.2(5) 106·pm3, Z = 3] whereas Hg(18‐crown‐6)I2 crystallizes with the orthorhombic crystal system (Pnma, no. 62, a = 1613.9(2) pm, b = 2822.2(5) pm, c = 841.3(1) pm, V = 3832(1)106·pm3, Z = 8). Both compounds are characterized by linear MX2 (HgI2 or PbCl2) molecular units which are encrypted by the crown ether. In both cases, the divalent metal ion resides in the middle of the crown ether resulting in a hexagonal bipyramidal coordination environment for the metal cations. The molecular symmetry comes close to D3d. Hg(18‐crown‐6)I2 and Pb(18‐crown‐6)Cl2 differ in the way the single MX2@18‐crown‐6 units are packed. Whereas the Hg(18‐crown‐6)I2 molecules are arranged in a (distorted) cubic closest packing, the Pb(18‐crown‐6)Cl2 molecules adopt a hexagonal closest packing.
Beiträge zur Kristallchemie und zum thermischen Verhalten von wasserfreien Phosphaten. XXXXII Die ersten Iridiumphosphate
Authors: Panagiotidis K. , Glaum R. , Hoffbauer W. , Weber J. , Schmedt auf der Günne J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe First IridiumphosphatesTwo polymorphs of iridium(III)‐metaphosphate Ir(PO3)3 and an iridium(IV)‐silicophosphate (Ir1−xSix)3[Si2O(PO4)6] (x ∼ 0.5) were synthesized and their crystal structures determined from single‐crystal x‐ray data. Pale pink needles of triclinic Ir(PO3)3 (Ru(PO3)3 structure type, $P{\bar 1}$ (No. 2), Z = 2, a = 6.9574(6) Å, b = 10.3628(9) Å, c = 5.0288(4) Å, α = 92.28(1)°, β = 92.80(1)°, γ = 98.60(1)°, 1574 independent reflections, 122 parameters, R1 = 0.028, wR2 = 0.061) were grown from a metaphosphoric acid melt. Pale pink prisms of C‐type Ir(PO3)3 (C‐Al(PO3)3 structure type, Cc (No. 14), Z = 12, a = 13.103(2) Å, b = 19.183(1) Å, c = 9.354(1) Å, β = 127.19(1)°, 4254 independent reflections, 354 parameter, R1 = 0.024, wR2 = 0.062) were obtained by chemical vapour transport (900 °C → 800 °C, addition of IrCl3·xH2O). Both metaphosphates are built of [IrIIIO6] octahedra and infinite $^{1}_{\infty}\rm (PO^{-}_{3})$ chains. The latter have a translation period of three phosphate tetrahedra in the triclinic modification and six in the monoclinic. 1D and double‐quantum filtered 2D 31P‐MAS‐NMR spectra of C‐type Ir(PO3)3 confirm the chain structure and reveal a chemical shift range between −4,8 and −30,9 ppm for the 9 crystallographically independent, however chemically similar phosphate groups.Pale orange crystals of (Ir1−xSix)3[Si2O(PO4)6] (Si3[Si2O(PO4)6] structure type, $R{\bar 3}$ (No. 148), Z = 3, a = 7.8819(8) Å, c = 24.476(4) Å, 1086 independent reflections, 56 parameters, R1 = 0.061, wR2 = 0.190) occurred in chemical vapour transport experiments aiming at the crystallization of C‐Ir(PO3)3. The crystal structure of the silicophosphate consists of isolated [IrIVO6] octahedra and [Si2O(PO4)6]12− heteropolyanions.
Zinc and Cobalt Complexes Derived from Tetradentate Tripodal Ligands with N2O2 Donorset as Model Compounds for Phosphatases
Authors: Schnieders David , Hammerschmidt Adrienne , Merkel Michael , Schweppe Florian , Krebs Bernt 
Published: November 2008

AbstractStarting from the tripodal tetradentate ligands ‐(3,5‐dibromo‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)(2‐hydroxybenzyl)(2‐pyridyl)methylamine (H2L1), (3,5‐dibromo‐2‐hydroxybenzyl)(2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzyl)(2‐pyridyl)methylamine (H2L2), and (3,5‐dichloro2‐hydroxybenzyl)(2‐hydroxy‐5‐nitrobenzyl)(2‐pyridyl)methylamine (H2L3) the new isostructural dinuclear zinc compounds [Zn2(L1)2]·N(CH2CH3)3 (1), [Zn2(L2)2]·2CH3OH (2) and [Zn2(L3)2]·C4H10O (3) were synthesized. Due to their enzyme‐like trigonal bipyramidal N2O3 coordination environment of the zinc ions and the similar Zn···Zn distances the complexes can be considered to be structural models for the active sites in phospholipase C and nuclease P1. With H2L3 also the dinuclear complex [Co2(L2)2(CH3OH)]·2CH3OH·0.5C4H10O (4) could be prepared.The new compounds were isolated and characterized by single crystal X‐ray crystallography as well as infrared spectroscopy. The cobalt compound 4 was additionally characterized by UV‐Vis spectroscopy and magnetic measurements. 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 11.2814(2), b = 28.6154(2), c = 13.1866(3) Å, β = 96.995(1)°, V = 4225.2(2) Å3, Z = 4. 2 and 3 are monoclinic, space group C2/c with a = 23.084(5), b = 9.232(2), c = 21.849(4) Å, &&beta;; = 96.83(3)°, V = 4623(2) Å3, Z = 4, and a = 22.7834(3), b = 9.2463(1), c = 21.6351(3) Å, &&beta;; = 97.592(1)°, V = 4517.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, respectively. 4 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group I2/a with a = 22.4680(4), b = 20.5517(4), c = 22.8910(6) Å, &&beta;; = 111.938(1)°, V = 9804.7(4) Å3, Z = 8. 4 shows an effective magnetic moment of 6.72 μB at 300 K which clearly indicates the presence of two cobalt(II) high spin ions with Curie‐Weiss behaviour above 80 K. At lower temperatures a decrease of the effective magnetic moment was observed.
Fatty Acid Binding Domain Mediated Conjugation of Ultrafine Magnetic Nanoparticles with Albumin Protein
Authors: Bora DK , Deb P 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A novel bioconjugate of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle (γ-Fe2O3) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was developed by taking recourse to the fatty acid binding property of the protein. From FT-IR study, it was found that conjugation took place covalently between the amine group of protein molecule and carboxyl group of stearic acid capped maghemite nanoparticle. TEM study further signified the morphology of the proposed nanobioconjuagte. The binding constant of nanoparticle with protein molecule was evaluated from the optical property studies. Also, magnetic measurement (M–H) showed retaining of magnetic property by significant values of saturation magnetization and other hysteretic parameters.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilica Nanorice
Authors: Mohanty Paritosh , Landskron Kai 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A periodic mesoporous organosilica (PMO) with nanorice morphology was successfully synthesized by a template assisted sol–gel method using a chain-type precursor. The PMO is composed of D and T sites in the ratio 1:2. The obtained mesoporous nanorice has a surface area of 753 m2 g−1, one-dimensional channels, and a narrow pore size distribution centered at 4.3 nm. The nanorice particles have a length of ca. 600 nm and width of ca. 200 nm.
Diabetes and psychological co‐morbidity in children with a family history of early‐onset type 2 diabetes
Authors: Irving Rachael R. , Mills James L. , Choo‐Kang Eric G. , McLaughlin Wayne , Wright‐Pascoe Rosemarie , Morrison Errol Y. , Brown Paul 
Published: November 2008

The present study was conducted to evaluate for depressive symptoms and undiagnosed diabetes in children with familial history of early‐onset type 2 diabetes. Studies have shown that diabetes doubles the risk for depression and that the duration of diabetes is related to the severity of the depression. Individuals with depression are also said to be at greater risk for developing diabetes. In many cases diabetes is detected whilst screening for depression. Fifty‐three children aged between 6 and 17 years were screened for diabetes and assessed for depressive symptoms using the Children Depression Rating Scale, revised version (CDRS‐R). Thirty‐six (68.0 %) of the children with a family history of early‐onset type 2 diabetes had CDRS‐R scores consistent with likely or very likely major depressive disorders. Depressive symptoms score was predicted best by the number of generations of diabetes in the family, with an associated r = .65 and adjusted R2 = .41. As the generations of diabetes increased, the more likely it was for a child to have diabetes (r = .38, p = .005). Four (7.5%) of the children were diagnosed with diabetes. The findings suggest that depressive symptoms are common in children with a family history of early onset type 2 diabetes and may co‐exist with diabetes. The independent variable that reliably predicted the child depressive symptoms score was the number of generations of diabetes in the family.