bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A fully automated 2‐D LC‐MS method utilizing online continuous pH and RP gradients for global proteome analysis
Authors: Zhou Hu , Dai Jie , Sheng Quan‐Hu , Li Rong‐Xia , Shieh Chia‐Hui , Guttman Andras , Zeng Rong 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe conventional 2‐D LC‐MS/MS setup for global proteome analysis was based on online and offline salt gradients (step and continuous) using strong‐cation‐exchange chromatography in conjunction with RP chromatography and MS. The use of the online system with step salt elution had the possibility of resulting in peptide overlapping across fractions. The offline mode had the option to operate with continuous salt gradient to decrease peak overlap, but exhibited decreased robustness, lower reproducibility, and sample loss during the process. Due to the extensive washing requirement between the chromatography steps, online continuous gradient was not an option for salt elution. In this report, a fully automated, online, and continuous gradient (pH continuous online gradient, pCOG) 2‐D LC‐MS/MS system is introduced that provided excellent separation and identification power. The pH gradient‐based elution provided more basic peptides than that of salt‐based elution. Fraction overlap was significantly minimized by combining pH and continuous gradient elutions. This latter approach also increased sequence coverage and the concomitant confidence level in protein identification. The salt and pH elution‐based 2‐D LC‐MS/MS approaches were compared by analyzing the mouse liver proteome.
Auditing for sustainability: Philosophy and practice of the body shop international
Authors: Wheeler David 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe application of some forms of environmental auditing by business is growing. While there are a range of motivations which are commonly cited for undertaking the environmental audit, auditing for sustainability is not usually the principle reason given. This article explains The Body Shop's aim to audit for sustainability and outlines their experiences in its application. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Environmental auditing and training needs
Authors: Smith Mark , Billington Stephen 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe increase in environmental legislation over recent years reflects a response to changes in public perceptions, the need to reduce the impact of industry on the environment. The Pilot Programme for BS 7750: 1992, (the new Environmental Management Standard), involving over 300 organisations is now reaching completion, the revised Standard will be ready by the end of 1993. On the 23rd March 1993 the EC Regulations on Eco‐Management, Audit (EMA) were also adopted by the Council of Ministers. Both these developments reflect the increasing importance placed on environmental management, improved environmental performance. Environmental Auditing forms a major part of this commitment, this paper highlights a variety of techniques available to train individuals in this field. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Contaminated land audits‐practical aspects
Authors: Dennis John 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThere are increasing external pressures on industry to audit its environmental, as well as its financial, performance. The investigation and evaluation of the consequences of past and present contamination of land is an integral part of such an exercise. The process of investigation, continuing monitoring and assessment of risk can be complex and expensive. A carefully planned and staged approach to such projects can significantly reduce the complexity and the cost, and allow pragmatic and relevant decisions to be made as to the optimum course of action. The primary assessment also forms the basis for ongoing auditing of the situation into the future. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Landfill auditing: Beyond compliance ‐ A brief review of auditing for waste management facilities
Authors: Lovelock Martin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEnvironmental auditing has at present limited application in the waste management industry, although the obvious benefits are being realised. The extent of the audit process is largely dependant on the amount of available information and meaningful results relating to a specific site. The auditor must then assess and present his findings in relation to the overall environmental performance and the actual legislative compliance. Copyright © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
The audit requirements for integrated management systems
Authors: Little Barry 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to provide readers with an understanding of the new management systems and tools together with their inter‐relationship and differences. For a company already certified to BS5750, the adoption of BS7750 may appear to require the expansion of administration to encompass the addition of a further standard and this is the path many companies are likely to take. In most organisations, however, quality, health and safety, and costs are critical to business success. To build an integrated management system must be a more efficient and effective means of accomplishing the same goals. Additionally, other systems such as Supply Chain Management and Activity Based Cost Management have strong relevance to environmental auditing. The overall objective of implementing an environmental management system such as BS7750 is to improve environmental performance and gain financial benefits as a result. These aims can be achieved by the continual assessment of business activities encompassing everything from the raw materials used to the disposal of products. Such a system should result in the greater control and knowledge of the business and hence ensure continual improvement. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Environmental management and industrial competitiveness: Issues for a new ISO standard
Authors: O'Laoire Donal 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article comes at a time when Working Groups from the ISO Committee TC 207 are burning the midnight oil to bring forward a new ISO series for Environmental Management Systems (EMS), expected during the latter part of 1994 or early 1995. The paper argues that the new ISO EMS Standard must help to reinforce a strategy for competitiveness within industry. However, that strategy can only succeed if industry can internalise the environment, use it for its own benefit. Environment is not an industry agenda item, and, for that reason, we cannot regard the new standard as just another industry standard. The process of internalisation has begun with evidence of a move from reactive to a more proactive stance being adopted by industry in its own interests. The new ISO EMS Standard should help this process. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Special focus on information technology and environmental management
Authors: Hillary Ruth 
Published: November 2007

AbstractGood environmental performance is increasingly equated with good business sense. The fields of environmental management and environment auditing have developed new ideas and methods for business to achieve improved environment quality but dissemination of these has been slow and haphazard. Despite recent initiative such as the BSI Environmental management Sysytem Standard(BS7750) and the EU eco‐management and audit scheme, specifically desined to encourage the adoption of more structured methods for the control, monitoring and improvement of environmental performance, the knowledge of good practice id limited within the business community.The need to establish an effective way to exchange ideas and spread information within the fields of environmental management and environmental auditing is paramount.The Network for environmental management and Auditing (NEMA) was established as a tool to meet this need. NEMA works as an interdisciplinary network promoting links between researches, practitioners and policy makers.In this way ideas and experience in the emerging fields of environmental management and environmental auditing can be developed and exchanged.NEMA aims to dissminate information without duplication of effort. It develops and faciliates the exchange of new environmental management and environmental auditing information by organising biomonthly seminars(1994 seminar programme shown below) on various aspects of environment management and environment auditing and publishing seminar papers. NEMA's first 1994 seminar, held at Manchester Metropolitan University, was one of the first conference to cover the important technology and environment management and auditing. NEMA also has a database of paticipants and publishes research papers and seminar proceedings. Copyright © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Experience of a small quarrying and landfilling company of working towards BS 7750: 1994
Authors: Williams Lillian M.S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe excellent restoration record achieved by the Brett Group, together with the voluntary introduction of its Good House‐keeping Guide and the Sand and Gravel Association Code of Practice and positive commitment to good environmental working practices at all levels, were driving forces which led the company to agree to participate in the BSI 7750 Pilot Project. Since the end of the Pilot Project, Brett has remained committed to working towards BS 7750 to ensure that the highest operational standards are achieved, not just in restoration. The stages required in working towards BS 7750 and some methods utilized by Brett in following the standard's requirements are reported. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The Canadian Standards Association's approach to environmental auditing
Authors: Gale Robert J.P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Canadian Standards Association's (CSA) Z751‐94 environmental auditing document is compared with the definition of an environmental audit in the European Union's eco‐management and audit scheme Regulation. The new CSA document Guidelines for Environmental Auditing: Statement of Principles and General Practices is judged to have major short‐comings with regard to its practical value for both environmental auditing practitioners and environmentalists. These shortcomings suggest that the guideline is unlikely to be widely used by the small but growing Canadian environmental auditing profession. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Factors influencing companies' response to environmental responsibility
Authors: Patton D. , Baron P.J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe growth in the small firm sector over the last decade has created a situation where approximately 98% of all businesses are classed as small. The economic impact of the sector is obvious and is recognized and fostered by the UK Government; the environmental impact of these firms, however, has been overlooked. To date, empirical evidence has indicated that small firms have been reticent to take a more proactive role in improving environmental performance. It is argued here that there is a need to develop greater environmental awareness within the small firm sector. Empirical evidence is used to investigate the attitudes that exist within small firms towards the environment and the actions they are prepared to undertake. This is compared with similar evidence obtained on the attitudes and actions of large firms. Through the use of discriminant analysis, certain factors have been identified which explain the relatively low use of environmental audits in the small firm sector. Initiatives are proposed which seek to develop greater environmental commitment from businesses, especially those in the small firm sector. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
The role of industry in environmental protection
Authors: Rickmann Allan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractManagement teams in all business sectors are now faced with an enormous volume of increasingly stringent, complex and constantly evolving environmental legislation and the prospect of contending with both criminal and civil penalties in the event of transgression. Environmental protection has therefore assumed greater importance for organizations of all types and sizes and placed management under great moral and legal pressure to be environmentally active. It is argued that to be sure they are pursuing the correct course of action, management must establish criteria to determine which activities need to be changed, the time‐scales and costs involved and the impact these actions will have on other programmes. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
Conducting a packaging survey within an engineering company: An exercise in developing a first‐level auditing tool
Authors: Pope Dawn 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn auditing process using a simple semi‐quantitative screening questionnaire has been developed to assess the management of packaging within a large multinational engineering company. Although the criteria applied are specific to the management of packaging, the basic methodology for data collection and analysis could be applied to a variety of situations. The objective was to identify the current performance of the company regarding the management of packaging. The performance indicators selected included: design criteria, repair, reuse and recycling rates, packaging waste disposal options and waste minimization initiatives. The survey data were analysed to produce an overall packaging efficiency factor (PEF). The PEF assessment is based on an evaluation of the selection and use of transit, intrasite and suppliers' packaging, packaging waste management systems and the design and co‐ordination of packaging. Analysis of the survey data has enabled the identification of the opportunities for improvement and to prioritization of the action plans for each site. The survey also identified group‐wide trends; this information was used to define training and technical support requirements. This investigation represents the first phase of the packaging survey. It is now intended that a selection of the sites will be audited to validate the responses given in the questionnaires. The follow‐up programme includes a repetition of this questionnaire survey in two years time. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
SMEs and environmental management: The european experience
Authors: Hodgson Susan B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn overview is given of the experience of small‐and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Europe based on a seminar held by the School of the Environment, University of Sunderland. Some of the voluntary measures available to encourage the SME sector towards environmental management in Norway, Germany, Spain and the UK are described, considering the similarities and differences in approach. Although the definition of SMEs varies considerably from country to country, the needs of this sector remain similar across geographical and political boundaries. The SMEs appear to need easily digestible information and prefer a short SWOT‐type review rather that a full environmental appraisal to manage their environmental impacts. Copyright © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. and ERP Environment
A class of nonseparable and nonstationary spatial temporal covariance functions
Authors: Fuentes Montserrat , Chen Li , Davis Jerry M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSpectral methods are powerful tools to study and model the dependency structure of spatial temporal processes. However, standard spectral approaches as well as geostatistical methods assume separability and stationarity of the covariance function; these can be very unrealistic assumptions in many settings. In this work, we introduce a general and flexible parametric class of spatial temporal covariance models, that allows for lack of stationarity and separability by using a spectral representation of the process. This new class of covariance models has a unique parameter that indicates the strength of the interaction between the spatial and temporal components; it has the separable covariance model as a particular case. We introduce an application with ambient ozone air pollution data provided by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combined interface boundary condition method for coupled thermal simulations
Authors: Roe B. , Jaiman R. , Haselbacher A. , Geubelle P. H. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA new procedure for modeling the conjugate heat‐transfer process between fluid and structure subdomains is presented. The procedure relies on higher‐order combined interface boundary conditions (CIBC) for improved accuracy and stability. Traditionally, continuity of temperature and heat flux along interfaces is satisfied through algebraic jump conditions in a staggered fashion. More specifically, Dirichlet temperature conditions are usually imposed on the fluid side and Neumann heat‐flux conditions are imposed on the solid side for the stability of conventional sequential staggered procedure. In this type of treatment, the interface introduces additional stability constraints to the coupled thermal simulations. By utilizing the CIBC technique on the Dirichlet boundary conditions, a staggered procedure can be constructed with the same order of accuracy and stability as those of standalone computations. Using the Godunov–Ryabenkii normal‐mode analysis, a range of values of the coupling parameter is found that yields a stable and accurate interface discretization. The effectiveness of the method is investigated by presenting and discussing performance evaluation data using a 1D finite‐difference formulation for each subdomain. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Goal‐oriented error estimation for Stokes flow interacting with a flexible channel
Authors: van der Zee K. G. , van Brummelen E. H. , de Borst R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe develop a goal‐oriented error estimator for finite‐element discretizations of fluid–structure‐interaction problems. As a model problem, we consider the steady Stokes flow in a 2D channel where part of the channel wall is flexible. We introduce the reference domain approach where the Stokes problem on the variable domain is transformed into a fixed reference domain. This allows the formulation of a proper dual problem. The dual solution is then used in the evaluation of the error estimate, as usual. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling an amperometric biosensor acting in a flowing liquid
Authors: Ivanauskas F. , Baronas R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a mathematical model of the amperometric biosensor based on an electrode covered with an enzyme membrane. The model involves three regions: the enzyme layer where enzymatic reaction as well as mass transport by diffusion takes place, a diffusion‐limiting region where only diffusion takes place, and a convective region, where the analyte concentration is maintained constant. Using computer simulation the influence of the biosensor geometry as well as the flow intensity on the biosensor response was investigated. This paper also deals with the conditions when the mass transport in the exterior region may be neglected to simulate the biosensor response assuming that the buffer solution is in intense flow and in powerful motion. The digital simulation was carried out using the finite difference technique. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
“Twin” phosphorous atoms of tetraethyl 2‐methyl‐piperyd‐1‐ylmethylenebisphosphonates
Authors: Młynarz Piotr , Jewginski Michał , Śliwińska Sylwia , Latajka Rafał , Schroeder Grzegorz , Kafarski Paweł 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecently, bisaminophosphonates found applications as therapeutic agents for curing bone disorders. When trying to relate the structures of substituted piperid‐1‐ylmethylenebisphosphonic with their biological properties, non‐typical findings that in 31P NMR spectra of 2‐methyl‐piperid‐1‐ylmethylenebisphosphonic and 2‐ethyl‐piperid‐1‐ylmethylenebisphosphonic acids, two separate singlets from each of the phosphonic groups were observed, while their analogues bearing substituent in position 3 exhibit only one signal. Their presence was explained by freezing of the molecular motions by strong hydrogen bonding between NH and P = O atoms. In this work, synthesis as well as spectroscopic and theoretical investigations of the tetraethyl esters of 2‐methyl‐piperid‐1‐ylmethylenebisphosphonic in its racemic and enatiomerically pure forms are reported. Their 31P NMR spectra revealed two sets of dublets, which indicate the presence of two non‐equivalent phosphorous atoms. More detailed NMR and theoretical studies indicated that the nonequivalent phosphorous signals in 31P NMR spectra may results from the absence of C2 symmetry of the molecule along with the presence of large ester groups blocking the internal molecular motion around C—N bond, and thus blocking the interchange of ring conformation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:774–781, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20349
Synthesis and characterization of oxime‐bearing hexakis(2‐formylphenoxy)‐phosphazene and its derivatives
Authors: Pamukçi Orhan , Çil Erol , Begeç Saliha , Arslan Mustafa 
Published: November 2007

AbstractHexakis(2‐formylphenoxy)cyclotri‐phosphazene (2) was obtained from the reaction of hexachlorocylotriphosphazene (1) with 2‐hydroxy‐benzaldehyde. Hexakis(2‐[(hydroxyimino)methyl]‐phenoxy)cyclotriphosphazene (3) was synthesized from the reaction of 2 with hydroxlaminehydrochloride in pyridine. Hexasubstituted compounds 4, 5, 6, 8, 9, and 10 were obtained from the reactions of 3 with methyl iodide, ethyl bromide, allyl bromide, propanoyl chloride, benzoyl chloride, and 4‐methoxybenzoyl chloride, respectively. Disubstituted product 7 was obtained from the reaction of 3 with chloroacetyl chloride. Pure and defined products could not be obtained from the reaction of 3 with acetyl chloride, benzyl chloride, and 2‐chlorobenzoyl chloride. The compounds were characterized by elemental analysis and IR, 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:791–797, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20350
Reaction of diethyl thiocyanatomethylphosphonate with aldehydes as a route to diethyl Z‐1‐alkenylphosphonates
Authors: Błaszczyk Roman , Gajda Tadeusz 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDiastereoselective synthesis of diethyl Z‐1‐alkenylphosphonates from easily available diethyl thiocyanatomethylphosphonate and aromatic aldehydes has been developed. Olefination of the aldehydes occurs under mild conditions and affords the title compounds with moderate yields. A plausible mechanism of the above‐mentioned reaction is also discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:732–739, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20371
Tetrakis(trimethysilyl)hypophosphate P2O2(OTMS)4: Synthesis, reactivity and application as flame retardant
Authors: Ruflin Catherine , Fischbach Urs , Grützmacher Hansjörg , Levalois‐Grützmacher Joëlle 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe preparation of tetrakis(trimethy‐ silyl)hypophosphate, P2O2(OTMS)4 (TMS = SiMe3), which is easily obtained from cheap starting materials, is reported. Reaction with protic substrates (H2O, alcohols) proceeds under stepwise cleavage of silylethers, ROTMS, and formation of hypophosphoric acid, P2O2(OH)4. Amines in the presence of molecular sieves lead to desilylation and formation of ammonium salts of the [P2O2(OTMS)2(O−)2] dianion. On cotton fabrics, P2O2(OTMS)4 hydrolyzes to give P2O2(OH)4 within about 1 h when exposed to air, and this compound acts as an efficient flame retardant (limiting oxygen index >26%) even at low loadings (P content <3%). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:721–731, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20373