bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embolization of accessory left gastric artery to prevent acute gastric mucosal lesions in patients undergoing repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Yamagami T. , Kato T. , Hirota T. , Yoshimatsu R. , Matsumoto T. , Nishimura T. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate results of selective embolization of the accessory left gastric artery prior to repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy using a port-catheter system. Material and Methods: Of 22 patients with unresectable advanced liver cancer who underwent percutaneous implantation of a port-catheter system, an accessory left gastric artery was revealed by arteriography in 16 patients before and in six patients after port-catheter implantation. The right gastric artery was embolized to prevent gastric mucosal lesions in all 22 patients. In addition, the accessory left gastric artery was selectively embolized for the same purpose using from one to six microcoils, which were from 3 to 5 mm in diameter. Within 10 days after implantation, arteriography was performed while contrast material was infused via the port. Results: Selective embolization of the accessory left gastric artery was successful in all 22 patients. No complication related to embolization of this artery occurred in any patient. A gastrointestinal mucosal lesion developed in only one case during hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy, but was unrelated to the accessory left gastric artery. Conclusion: Prophylactic embolization of the accessory left gastric artery is useful to avoid development of a gastrointestinal mucosal lesion resulting from hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy.
Mammographic features of local recurrence after conservative surgery and radiation therapy: comparison with that of the primary tumor
Authors: Günhan-Bilgen I. , Oktay A. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To compare the mammographic features of recurrent breast cancer with those of the primary tumor and to determine whether certain mammographic features are associated with a higher risk of local recurrence after breast-conserving therapy. Material and Methods: A retrospective review of mammograms of 421 patients who were treated with conservative surgery and radiotherapy revealed 41 recurrent tumors. Mammographic findings, location, and histopathologic characteristics were retrospectively compared between primary and recurrent tumors. Results: Recurrent tumors were similar in mammographic appearance to primary tumors in 27 (66%) cases. Of 27 primary tumors that occurred as masses without calcifications, 19 (70%) recurred as a mass, and of the six isolated calcifications, five (83%) recurred with calcifications. Ten (53%) of the 19 recurrent masses and five (100%) of the five recurrent calcifications had morphologic features that were similar to those of the primary tumor. Ninety-two percent (11/12) of the recurrences containing microcalcifications (isolated or associated with a mass) had microcalcifications in their primary tumor. Of 27 masses that recurred, the morphology of the primary tumor was obscured in 13 (48%), ill defined in 10 (37%), and spiculated in four (15%) of the masses. Seventy-six percent (31/41) of recurrences were within the lumpectomy quadrant. In 25 (61%) cases, the histologic findings from the primary tumor and the recurrence were identical. Conclusion: The majority of recurrent tumors appear to be mammographically similar to primary tumors. Therefore, it is important to review preoperative mammograms during follow-up of these patients. Although the study population is small, it was noted that mass with spiculated contour is associated with a lower risk for local recurrence.
Magnetic resonance imaging in determination of myocardial ischemia and viability: comparison with positron emission tomography and single-photon emission computed tomography in a porcine model
Authors: Wang L. , Zhu H. Y. , Tian J. M. , Huang S. D. , Kong L. S. , Lu J. P. 
Published: May 2007

Background: In patients with chronic left ventricular dysfunction, the size of the viable cardiac muscle is correlated with the prognosis and the outcome of myocardial revascularization. Purpose: To evaluate the diagnostic value of various imaging techniques in determination of myocardial ischemia and viability. Material and Methods: A chronic myocardial ischemia animal model was established, in which 10 pigs underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single-photon emission computed tomography (201Tl SPECT) before and 1–2 months after modeling. The size of myocardial ischemia and necrosis was judged, and the imaging manifestations were compared with pathologic findings. Results: Seven of the 10 animals completed all examinations uneventfully. On dobutamine-stressed cine MRI, 10 (8.93%) segments were found to be akinetic. Perfusion was abnormal in 34 (30.35%) segments. Delayed hyperenhancement was observed in 12 (10.71%) segments. PET detected myocardial necrosis in 17 (15.18%) segments, and SPECT detected myocardial necrosis in nine (8.04%) segments. Histological examination with triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) showed pale necrosis in 14 (12.50%) segments. The number of necrotic segments detected by PET was significantly greater than that by contrast-enhanced MRI (χ2 = 5, P = 0.0253, kappa = 0.8028) and cine MRI (χ2 = 7, P = 0.0082, kappa = 0.7079). It was also greater than that by TTC (χ2 = 3, P = 0.0833, kappa = 0.8879), although the difference was statistically insignificant. The number of necrotic segments detected by SPECT was significantly smaller than that by TTC (χ2 = 5, P = 0.0253, kappa = 0.7590), as was the number of necrotic segments detected by cine MRI (χ2 = 4, P = 0.0455, kappa = 0.8100). There was no statistically significant difference in the detection of necrotic segments between contrast-enhanced MRI and TTC (χ2 = 2, P = 0.1573, kappa = 0.9130). Conclusion: Cardiac MRI can determine viable myocardium and clearly delineate the location and degree of myocardial necrosis. PET slightly overestimates the extent of the necrotic myocardium and is unable to distinguish transmural necrosis from subendocardial necrosis.
Differentiation between the two types of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis using duplex and amplitude doppler sonography
Authors: Macedo T. A. A. , Chammas M. C. , Jorge P. T. , Souza L. P. , Farage L. , Watanabe T. , Santos V. A. , Cerri G. G. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of Doppler parameters in the differentiation between the two types of amiodarone-associated thyrotoxicosis (AAT). Material and Methods: One hundred thirty-seven individuals were selected at our institution. They were divided into four groups: 84 normal subjects (N), 30 euthyroids taking amiodarone (A), 14 AAT type 1 patients (AAT1), and nine AAT type 2 patients (AAT2). Each AAT type was classified according to 131I uptake and clinical outcome. Blindly, the resistance and pulsatility indexes (RI, PI), systolic peak velocity, and color pixel density (CPD) were calculated. Results: AAT1 had greater CPD than AAT2 ( P = 0.02). The latter group had similar vascularization to the N and A groups ( P = 0.45). The area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed that systolic peak velocity in the inferior thyroid arteries and CPD were the best parameters in the differentiation between AAT type 1 and AAT type 2 (Az = 0.83 and 0.84, respectively). Impedance indexes were useless. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that objective tests such as systolic peak velocities in the thyroid arteries and CPD are reliable parameters for differentiating between the two types of AAT.
Preoperative computed tomography-guided percutaneous hookwire localization of metallic marker clips in the breast with a radial approach: initial experience
Authors: Uematsu T. , Kasami M. , Uchida Y. , Sanuki J. , Kimura K. , Tanaka K. , Takahashi K. 
Published: May 2007

Background: Hookwire localization is the current standard technique for radiological marking of nonpalpable breast lesions. Stereotactic directional vacuum-assisted breast biopsy (SVAB) is of sufficient sensitivity and specificity to replace surgical biopsy. Wire localization for metallic marker clips placed after SVAB is needed. Purpose: To describe a method for performing computed tomography (CT)-guided hookwire localization using a radial approach for metallic marker clips placed percutaneously after SVAB. Material and Methods: Nineteen women scheduled for SVAB with marker-clip placement, CT-guided wire localization of marker clips, and, eventually, surgical excision were prospectively entered into the study. CT-guided wire localization was performed with a radial approach, followed by placement of a localizing marker-clip surgical excision. Feasibility and reliability of the procedure and the incidence of complications were examined. Results: CT-guided wire localization surgical excision was successfully performed in all 19 women without any complications. The mean total procedure time was 15 min. The median distance on CT image from marker clip to hookwire was 2 mm (range 0–3 mm). Conclusion: CT-guided preoperative hookwire localization with a radial approach for marker clips after SVAB is technically feasible.
E-learning is a well-accepted tool in supplementary training among medical doctors: an experience of obligatory radiation protection training in healthcare
Authors: Autti T. , Autti H. , Vehmas T. , Laitalainen V. , Kivisaari L. 
Published: May 2007

Purpose: To evaluate the possibilities of Internet-based radiation protection training among referring physicians. Material and Methods: 324 referring physicians underwent an Internet-based radiation protection training course ( www.prewise.com/radiationsafetytraining ). Two hundred ten of them (96 female, 114 male, aged 25–64 years) filled out the questionnaire, which included questions regarding their expectations for the course, its scope and schedule, and the benefit they derived from the course. In addition, we asked whether it was difficult to learn using the Internet, whether e-learning saved time, and whether they learned more or less effectively in comparison to conventional lectures. Results: 75% found e-learning to be an easy way to study. Nineteen percent had previous experience in e-learning. Sixty-one percent found that it saved time, and 57% stated that they learned more effectively using e-learning in comparison to conventional lectures (22% chose “could not say”). Ninety-one percent found that the course fulfilled their expectations, and the scope and schedule were found convenient by 91% and 55% of subjects, respectively. Eighty-four percent stated that they benefited from the course, and 94% were willing to study using the Internet in the future. No sex or age differences were found. Subjects working in the open ward ( P = 0.028) and hospital ( P = 0.004) found the course to be more timesaving than subjects working elsewhere. Conclusion: Finnish medical doctors are very positive about Internet-based learning. E-learning seems to be a well-accepted and practical learning method in healthcare.
From People's Education to Neo-Liberalism in South Africa
Authors: Vally Salim 
Published: May 2007

In his address at the 10th Anniversary celebration of the Foundation for Human Rights in Pretoria, 29 November 2006 Neville Alexander posed the following question:
Why is it that in spite of a constitution that was arrived at in a 20th century model of democratic bargaining and consensus building and in which are enshrined some of the noblest sentiments and insights concerning human rights, we are living in a situation where very few of those rights appear to be realised, or even realisable, in practice?

This paper attempts to answer this question through an analysis of the struggle to attain education rights in South Africa. This exercise it is hoped, will also allow us to further unravel the class nature of the South African state, the political economy of the transition (for extensive and excellent analysis of the latter see Marais, 1998; Bond, 2000 and Alexander, 2002) and the importance of the oppositional role of the new and independent social movements.
Toward an Evolutionary Theory of Innovation and Growth in the Service Economy
Authors: Potts Jason , Mandeville Tom 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We propose a theory of innovation in services based upon the development of new markets that exploit the powers of ICT to coordinate service production and delivery. As digital communications and computational infrastructure have developed over the past few decades, the scale and scope of the service sector has also evolved such that it is now, we believe, in the midst of a productivity revolution driven by the ICT enabled decomposition of services to their elemental parts and the subsequent gains through specialization and reintegration of these elements. This works to advance existing services and create new services, and so to drive the growth of economic activity. In this paper, we propose a theory of this evolutionary process.
Effective drug policy: a new approach demonstrated in the Drug Policy Modelling Program
Authors: RITTER ALISON , BAMMER GABRIELE , HAMILTON MARGARET , MAZEROLLE LORRAINE , TEAM THE DPMP 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to describe a new comprehensive approach to studying illicit drug policy – one that integrates evidence, disciplinary approaches, drug use behaviours and policy making processes. The methods described here include systematic reviews of the evidence, studies of the ways in which policy decision‐making actually occurs, and the use of modelling approaches that can explicate the multi‐dimensional nature of drug policy responses and their dynamic interactions. The approach described has the potential to facilitate new drug policy that would not have been possible or apparent through the sole study of one aspect of drug policy, such as the evidence‐base or the political context or the economics of drug markets. We believe this approach may be more likely to produce strategic drug policy because it reflects the richness and complexity of the real world of drug use, and drug policy. The purpose of employing an integrative methodology is to create the potential for new drug policy insights, ideas and interventions – not restricted to one body of evidence, nor to accidental or fortuitous policy‐making processes.
Binge drinking and its detection among middle‐aged men using AUDIT, AUDIT‐C and AUDIT‐3
Authors: TUUNANEN MERVI , AALTO MAURI , SEPPÄ KAIJA 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBinge (heavy episodic) drinking is common, but there is little knowledge on how this drinking pattern could be detected. This study compares three structured questionnaires among binge drinking middle‐aged men. All 45‐year‐old men in the city of Tampere, Finland, were asked to fill in the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT). Based on the interview on their drinking the men were divided into non‐binging moderate drinkers (n = 352), binging moderate drinkers (n =130), non‐binging heavy drinkers (n = 10) and binging heavy drinkers (n = 63). The complete AUDIT, AUDIT‐C (first three AUDIT questions inquiring quantity‐frequency) and AUDIT‐3 (the third binging‐frequency question of AUDIT) in detecting binge drinking were compared. The complete AUDIT was effective in detecting binge drinkers by a cut‐off score of ≥8 or ≥7. The optimal cut‐off score for AUDIT‐C was ≥6 and that for AUDIT‐3 ≥2. The area under the curve (AUC) among all risky drinkers (binging moderate and binging heavy and non‐binging heavy drinkers) for AUDIT was 0.824 (95% CI 0.789‐0.859), for AUDIT‐C 0.829 (95% CI 0.795 ‐0.864) and for AUDIT‐3 0.779 (0.739‐0.818). The complete AUDIT and its short versions are applicable in populations where binging is the dominant drinking pattern, but the cut‐off scores should be tailored to individual cultures.
Service Utilisation by Rural Residents with Mental Health Problems
Authors: Judd Fiona , Jackson Henry , Komiti Angela , Murray Greg , Fraser Caitlin 
Published: May 2007

Objective: To examine the level and type of service utilisation by rural residents for mental health problems, and to explore the influence of level of need, sociodemographic factors and town size on such service use. Method: This was a cross-sectional, community-based study. Subjects were recruited from three locales in rural north-west Victoria: a large regional centre, towns of 5,000–20,000 population and towns of <5,000 population. Three hundred and ninety-one individuals (54% females) participated. A logistic regression analysis was used to investigate which factors (i.e. need, sociodemographic and town size) predicted lifetime help-seeking for emotional or mental problems from formal health providers in the study sample. Results: Factors that predicted having ever sought help from a formal health provider for emotional or mental health problems were: a lifetime and/or current psychiatric disorder, being female, being separated, divorced or widowed, and living in medium sized towns (population 5,000–20,000). Conclusions: While traditionally known predictors of help-seeking, i.e need and gender, were associated with help seeking in this study, help seeking for mental health problems was also more common amongst individuals living in medium sized rural towns than those living in a large regional city. Possible explanations include availability, accessibility and organisation of services, and individual and/or community attitudes towards help seeking.
Fitness Issues in the Context of Judicial Proceedings
Authors: Samuels Anthony , O'Driscoll Colman , Allnutt Stephen 
Published: May 2007

Objective: This paper provides a conceptual, historical and legislative overview of fitness issues. These include fitness to be interrogated or charged, to plead, to be tried and to be sentenced in the context of Australia and New Zealand. Conclusions: Legislation regarding fitness issues needs to strike a balance between protecting the rights of mentally impaired defendants to a fair trial process and recognizing that mental illness in itself does not absolutely preclude participation in a trial process or necessarily diminish criminal responsibility. Although the key determinants of fitness seem to be the ability to cope with court processes and communicate with counsel, the application of clinical judgement to legal criteria is not always straightforward.
Efficiency Wages and Classical Wage Theory
Authors: Bradley Michael E. 
Published: May 2007

In The General Theory, John Maynard Keynes lumped together the marginalist and neoclassical economics of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries and the more narrowly defined “classical” economics of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, J. R. McCulloch, James and John Stuart Mill and other mainstream economists of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth into what he called the “classical theory of employment,” which he reduced to two “fundamental postulates”:(a) The wage is equal to the marginal product of labour…(b) The utility of the wage when a given volume of labour is employed is equal to the marginal disutility ofthat amount of employment…(Keynes 1936, p. 5).
Was George Stigler Adam Smith's Best Friend? Studying the History of Economic Thought
Authors: Freedman Craig 
Published: May 2007

At times economists seem to treat research into the history of their profession as a guilty pleasure, equating it with “the love that dares not speak its name,” to steal an expression from Oscar Wilde. As a field of research it retains at best an equivocal position. Should real economists waste their time amusing themselves with such a completely irrelevant and non-applicable field? This, at best, ambivalent attitude by a clear majority of the profession meant that the establishment of the first journal dedicated to this area of endeavor (History of Political Economy) served as the eagerly awaited signal for the most prestigious general journals to stop publishing articles of this nature. By the 1970s, the subject's relegation to the backwaters of the discipline translated into a generalized move to drop history of economic thought (as well as economic history) as a requirement of graduate education:the history of thought, like all other fields, is well enough served by its own specialists. These were the reasons why Stigler proposed and supported the decision of the Economics Department at the University of Chicago to abandon its history of thought requirement in 1972, before many other departments did (Rosen 1993, p. 811).
Factors influencing indirect speech and language therapy interventions for adults with learning disabilities: the perceptions of carers and therapists
Authors: Graves Judy 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: The working context for speech and language therapists (SLTs) delivering interventions to adults who have a learning disability has changed following the reorganization of care provision from hospitals to the community. Consequently, SLTs often deliver their care within a social model of disability through indirect intervention in collaboration with carers. However, there has been little research into how this approach works in practice.Aims: To gain insight into the working context by identifying the key factors that influence indirect SLT interventions as perceived by SLTs and by paid carers from a range of service providers. To explore the implications of the results for the delivery of indirect SLT interventions and provide direction for further research.Methods & Procedures: Semi‐structured interviews were used to collect data from an opportunistic sample of five SLTs working in Community Learning Disability Teams (CLDTs) and 12 carers from residential and day care services who had had experience of working with SLTs. The data were analysed inductively using a grounded theory framework.Outcomes & Results: Two broad themes emerged for SLTs: roles and expectations, and changing carer behaviour through training. The key themes for carers were roles and values, awareness of communication needs, and motivation and opportunity to implement interventions. Four broad factors are suggested as having the potential to influence indirect interventions: diversity in the working context; possible conflict between the guiding values of SLTs and carers, particularly residential carers; collaboration and support for implementation; and SLT doubts about the effectiveness of formal carer communication training.Conclusions: The results add to the evidence that the delivery of indirect speech and language therapy interventions to people with learning disabilities is a complex activity demanding specialist skills from SLTs. The findings suggest that these should include expertise in professional collaborative and relational skills, and training methods and strategies. Action research is needed to test the validity of the findings and document their impact on indirect interventions in day‐to‐day practice. More research is needed on the effectiveness of modelling or demonstration as a training technique with carers.