bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantification of magnetic susceptibility in several strains of Bacillus spores: Implications for separation and detection
Authors: Melnik Kristie , Sun Jianxin , Fleischman Aaron , Roy Shuvo , Zborowski Maciej , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThree strains of Bacillus: Bacillus atrophaeus (formally Bacillus globigii), Bacillus thuringiensis, and Bacillus cereus were tested for their intrinsic magnetic susceptibility. All three strains when sporulated demonstrated significant magnetic susceptibility using an instrument referred to as Cell Tracking Velocimetry. Energy dispersive spectroscopy also confirmed the presence of paramagnetic elements, Fe and Mn, in the spore form of the bacteria. It was demonstrated that this magnetic susceptibility is sufficient to separate and deposit these spores on glass slides in a magnetic deposition system. These results indicate the potential to separate spores with intrinsic magnetic susceptibility directly out of water or air samples. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 186–192. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Continuous fermentation of wheat‐supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate with different types of cell retention
Authors: Brandberg Tomas , Karimi Keikhosro , Taherzadeh Mohammad J. , Franzén Carl Johan , Gustafsson Lena 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMedium supplementation and process alternatives for fuel ethanol production from dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate were investigated. Dilute acid lignocellulose hydrolysate supplemented with enzymatically hydrolysed wheat flour could sustain continuous anaerobic cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 96581 if further supplemented with ammonium sulphate and biotin. This medium composition allowed for a hexose utilisation of 73% and an ethanol production of 36 mmol l−1 h−1 in chemostat cultivation at dilution rate 0.10 h−1. Three different methods for cell retention were compared for improved fermentation of supplemented lignocellulose hydrolysate: cell recirculation by filtration, cell recirculation by sedimentation and cell immobilisation in calcium alginate. All three cell retention methods improved the hexose conversion and increased the volumetric ethanol production rate. Recirculation of 75% of the bioreactor outlet flow by filtration improved the hexose utilisation from 76% to 94%. Sedimentation turned out to be an efficient method for cell separation; the cell concentration in the reactor was 32 times higher than in the outflow after 60 h of substrate feeding. However, chemostat and continuous cell recirculation cultures became severely inhibited when the dilution rate was increased to 0.20 h−1. In contrast, an immobilised system kept producing ethanol at a stable level also at dilution rate 0.30 h−1. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 80–90. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eversion technique for distal mucosal proctectomy in ulcerative colitis: A preliminary report
Authors: Goligher J C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A technique is described for assisting the performance of distal mucosal proctectomy in ulcerative colitis by peranal eversion of the lower rectum. The ease, accuracy and expedition of the mucosal excision have been impressive. In 9 of 16 patients having this procedure as part of an ileo-anal anastomosis (with a pelvic ileal reservoir) the functional results seemed to be similar to those obtained in 14 patients submitted to the same operation but with an endocavitary technique of rectal mucosectomy.
Ischaemic proctitis and adventitial fibromuscular dysplasia of the superior rectal artery
Authors: Quirke P , Campbell I , Talbot I C 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
A case of ischaemic proctitis apparently caused by adventitial fibromuscular dysplasia of the superior rectal artery is reported and the results of a survey of 50 superior rectal and marginal arteries from post mortem and surgical cases are described. Abnormal musculature was demonstrated in varying degree in the adventitia of 28 of 50 asymptomatic patients. Our findings indicate that a spectrum of this vascular abnormality exists in the elderly which is rarely severe enough to contribute to symptomatic large bowel ischaemia.
Carotid artery bruit: Association with internal carotid stenosis and intraluminal turbulence
Authors: Murie J A , Sheldon C D , Quin R O 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
One hundred and ninety-five consecutive referrals to the vascular laboratory for carotid artery investigation have been studied. Carotid bruits were assessed by the referring clinician and documented. All patients underwent bilateral imaging and spectrum analysis of the extra-cranial carotid vessels using a pulsed Doppler ultrasound technique. Eighty-two were further assessed by X-ray contrast angiography. Of 390 internal carotids examined by ultrasound, 65 exhibited intraluminal turbulence of which 49 (75 per cent) had a bruit. In 62 (56 per cent) of 111 internal carotids in the series which were said to have a bruit on clinical examination, no turbulence was found; in 15 instances the external carotid vessel was shown as the true source of turbulence and in the remainder the bruits may have been transmitted from the heart. One hundred and fifty-six vessels were assessed by X-ray and 55 shown to have significant stenosis; 38 (69 per cent) of these exhibited a bruit. Bruit was often absent at high degrees of stenosis and in occluded vessels.
Although a carotid bruit is often a marker of internal carotid intraluminal turbulence and stenosis, this is by no means always so. Cervical bruit may also be due to a diseased external carotid or to sounds transmitted from a more proximal source. Conversely, absence of bruit is a feature not only of normal vessels but of many arteries which are stenosed (especially if this is of high degree) or occluded.
Deep vein thrombosis detection by 99mTc-plasmin test and phlebography
Authors: Husted S E , Nielsen H Krámmer , Krusell L , Fasting H , Nielsen B Ostergaard , Pedersen J Bruun , Dalgaard E , Hansen H Hvid 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
During a 2-year period the diagnostic value of 99mTc-labelled-plasmin test was evaluated in 63 patients admitted with clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). In comparison with a conventional phlebography the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the plasmin test was 0·97 and 0·55, respectively. The predictive value in positive cases was 0·79 and in negative 0·92. The sensitivity was highest for thrombosis in the calf and popliteal regions, while the specificity was higher for thrombosis in the femoral veins. It is concluded that the 99mTc-labelled-plasmin test is suitable for DVT-screening in groups of high-risk patients and is simple and rapid. In positive cases the DVT diagnosis must be verified by phlebography.
The surgical treatment of hyperinsulinism in infancy and childhood
Authors: Gough M H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infancy may be transient or persistent. Persistent hypoglycaemia is caused by nesidioblastosis of the pancreas, a diffuse pancreatic endocrine abnormality involving all the endocrine tissue, or by an islet cell adenoma. The cause of nesidioblastosis is not known but unless controlled its hypoglycaemic effects lead to convulsions, mental retardation or death. Patients with transient hyper-insulinaemic hypoglycaemia, and some with persistent hypoglycaemia, respond to medical therapy but those with an adenoma and many of those with nesidioblastosis will require partial or total pancreatectomy. The surgical treatment of six infants and a child is discussed. Five infants had nesidioblastosis; one infant and one nine-year-old girl had an islet cell adenoma. It is suggested that in the very young when there is no evidence of an insulinoma, resection at the initial operation should be greater — up to 90 per cent — than the previously recommended 75 per cent.
Selective conservative management of penetrating abdominal wounds: A prospective study
Authors: Demetriades D , Rabinowitz B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
This is a prospective study comprising 156 cases of abdominal stab wounds. The cases were assessed exclusively on clinical grounds: 37.18 per cent of them were treated conservatively without any mortality and minimal complications. Shock, blood on abdominal paracentesis, omentum protruding through the wound, and radiologically free air under the diaphragm, were not absolute indications for surgery. Alcohol consumption did not interfere with the clinical assessment. Of all 130 cases with proved peritoneal penetration, 28.46 per cent had no significant visceral injury. The incidence of negative laparotomies was 7.0 per cent.
Neoplastic invasion of the arterial wall and its modification by surgery: An experimental model
Authors: Moshakis V , Carter R L 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Fragments of VX2 squamous carcinoma were transplanted into the femoral triangles of rabbits and the growth patterns of tumour invasion were compared in intact femoral arteries, ligated femoral arteries and in femoral arteriovenous (AV) anastomoses. Intact arteries were resistant to tumour; ligated arteries were invaded by tumour and, in most instances, destroyed; AV anastomoses were also invaded but some mural structures remained intact. The relative resistance of systemic arteries to neoplastic invasion appears to be due to a combination of the normal structure of the arterial wall and the normal dynamics of the arterial circulation. Infiltration is facilitated if arterial perfusion falls and/or the normal structure of the arterial wall is modified.
A Danish multicenter study: Cefoxitinversusampicillin + metronidazole in perforated appendicitis
Authors:   The Danish Multicenter Study Group, Jensen N G 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA prospective controlled randomized-block multicenter study was carried out in 209 patients undergoing surgery for perforated or ruptured appendicitis. The patients received either cefoxitin or ampicillin + metronidazole for 5 days. The treatment was started peroperatively. In both groups wound infections were found to be less than 10 per cent and no difference could be demonstrated. However cefoxitin was significantly superior to ampicillin + metronidazole in preventing intra-abdominal abscesses (P &lt; 0.05). Cefoxitin offers a single drug treatment that adequately reduces postoperative infectious complications in patients undergoing surgery for perforated or ruptured appendicitis.
Randomized prospective trial of Roux-en-Y duodenal diversion versus fundoplication for severe reflux oesophagitis
Authors: Washer G F , Gear M W L , Dowling B L , Gillison E W , Royston C M S , Spencer J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
It is not widely recognized that duodenal contents are implicated in the causation of severe reflux oesophagitis and stricture formation in patients with hiatus hernia. In a randomized prospective trial, including only patients with severe oesophageal changes, standard Nissen fundoplication has been compared with antrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Twenty-two patients were randomized to each group. The 42 surviving trial patients have been followed for an average period of over 5 years. Good results (Visick I or II) have been achieved in 91 per cent of 22 patients having antrectomy and Roux-en-Y anastomosis (Group B), compared with 65 per cent of 20 patients surviving after Nissen fundoplication (Group A). Poor results (Visick III or IV) seen in seven patients (35 per cent) in group A were almost all associated with failure of fundoplication to stop reflux. Two of these patients have subsequently had antrectomy and Roux-en-Y reconstruction with excellent results. Antrectomy with Roux-en-Y gastrojejunostomy appears to be superior to a standard anti-reflux procedure as primary surgical treatment in these patients. The technique is recommended; (1) where the patient has a fixed irreducible hiatus hernia; (2) where previous surgery at the hiatus has failed and rendered reoperation hazardous.
Preference for proximal gastric vagotomy combined with cholecystectomy
Authors: Clark C G , Karamanolis D , Ward M W N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The incidence and severity of postvagotomy diarrhoea has been studied in 32 patients who had undergone both vagotomy and cholecystectomy. Sixteen of these patients had had a proximal gastric vagotomy and 16 a truncal vagotomy and pyloroplasty. Diarrhoea was present in 68 per cent of patients in whom the vagotomy was truncal and in 31 per cent of those in whom it was proximal gastric. Matched groups of patients with truncal vagotomy with pyloroplasty and proximal gastric vagotomy without cholecystectomy were also compared. The possible mechanisms of this diarrhoea following combined vagotomy and cholecystectomy have been discussed.
Relative effects of ileal resection and bypass on intestinal adaptation and carcinogenesis
Authors: Rainey J B , Davies P W , Williamson R C N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Since ileal resection and ileal bypass are commonly performed in man and might stimulate colonic hyperplasia, their co-carcinogenic potential was explored in male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 135). One week after 33 per cent distal small-bowel resection, 33 per cent distal small-bowel bypass or distal ileal transection (control), animals started a 6-week course of azoxymethane injections (total dose 90 mg/kg ip). Findings in rats killed at 20 and 25 weeks were similar: bypass produced a higher yield of colorectal tumours (4.0 ± 0.6 per rat: mean ± s.e.) than controls (2.4 ± 0.4; P &lt; 0.05), but resection caused maximal enhancement (5.2 ± 0.5: P &lt; 0.01). In rats killed at 30 weeks, however, tumour yields were almost identical. Overall, resection increased colonic tumour yield by 55 per cent (P &lt; 0.02) and bypass by 32 per cent. Stathmokinetic measurements of crypt cell production rate (CCPR) at 20 weeks showed similar increases after resection and bypass both in residual functioning small bowel (109–200 per cent: P &lt; 0.01) and in colorectum (63–100 per cent: P &lt; 0.05). At 30 weeks these adaptive effects persisted, despite an overall increase in CCPR with age. Loss of functioning ileum enhances experimental colorectal carcinogenesis principally by reducing the latent period for tumour development. Resection has a greater effect than bypass probably by producing earlier hyperplasia, though later adaptive effects are similar.
Painful anal ulceration in homosexual men
Authors: McMillan A , Smith Isabel W 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Forty homosexual men with painful anal ulceration were studied. Two patients had primary syphilis; sixteen men had primary anal herpes and twenty-two men had traumatic ulceration of the anal canal. The clinical features of the men with primary herpes were compared with those of the group with traumatic anal fissures. Fever, paraesthesiae in the buttocks and lower limbs, and difficulty in initiating micturition were found significantly more frequently in the former group of patients.
Prediction of amputation wound healing: The role of transcutaneous pO2 assessment
Authors: Ratliff D A , Clyne C A C , Chant A D B , Webster J H H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
With the recent trend towards more distal lower limb and below-knee amputation for peripheral vascular disease, failure of amputation healing remains a common clinical problem. There is an urgent need for more objective measures of selecting the most appropriate distal amputation level compatible with healing. Oxygen availability is the final arbiter of tissue viability and healing potential, and we have shown that the measurement of transcutaneous pO2 (TcpO2) accurately reflects the degree of ischaemia in the lower limb. In 59 patients having 62 amputations for peripheral vascular disease significantly lower TcpO2 levels were related to amputation failure. Below-knee amputations with a pre-operative below-knee TcpO2 of above 35 mmHg always healed, and failures had levels of 35 mmHg or less. Nine out of sixteen patients having above-knee amputations had pre-operative below-knee TcpO2 values well above 35 mmHg, suggesting that they may possibly have undergone successful below-knee amputation. No correlation between ankle systolic pressure and amputation healing was found. TcpO2 measurement is simple, non-invasive and reliable and offers an exciting research advance in the assessment of effective tissue perfusion.
Skin reactions related to surgical scrub-up: Results of a Scottish survey
Authors: Mitchell K G , Rawluk D J R 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The prevalence of skin reactions associated with surgical scrub-up among a representative sample of theatre personnel in Scotland was 37.2 per cent. Only 5 per cent of the sample had severe symptoms as judged by the necessity to consult a dermatologist. A skin reaction following surgical scrub-up is most likely to be due to a drying effect from frequent scrubs, and moisturizing creams are effective in controlling symptoms in up to 25 per cent of those developing reactions. Individuals who have other allergic symptoms appear more likely to develop skin reactions than those with no other allergic symptoms. These individuals may benefit from regular use of hand creams or using a scrub routine which causes less trauma to their skin as a prophylactic measure.
The urgent diagnosis of gallstones in acute pancreatitis: A prospective study of three methods
Authors: Neoptolemos J P , Hall A W , Finlay D F , Berry J M , Carr-Locke D L , Fossard D P 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Ultrasonography (US), radionuclide biliary scanning (RBS), and biochemical tests were performed within 72 h of admission in 83 patients with acute pancreatitis in an attempt to define those with gallstones as an aetiological factor. US was 92 per cent accurate in the 80 per cent of patients in whom the gallbladder was demonstrated. There were no false positives. Sixty-seven per cent of patients with gallstones were diagnosed although this improved to 78 per cent when US was repeated following the patients' clinical improvement. The pattern of RBS was completely normal in 46.5 per cent of patients with biliary pancreatitis and 64 per cent of patients with non-biliary pancreatitis. Biochemical tests completely separated 47 per cent of patients with gallstones from those without. Used in combination with US these two methods accurately identified 81 per cent of patients in the biliary group.
In conclusion US was found to be a rapid and accurate method of gallstone detection but used alone it has limited usefulness. RBS can be time consuming and was found to be of doubtful value. Biochemical tests were helpful in indicating a proportion of patients who had gallstones which were not detected by US, and therefore have a practical application. Current methods of gallstone detection in patients with acute pancreatitis are far from ideal and further studies are indicated.
Hepaticojejunostomy in benign and malignant high bile duct stricture: Approaches to the left hepatic ducts
Authors: Blumgart L H , Kelley C J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Biliary-enteric anastomosis for relief of biliary obstruction caused by benign or malignant disease at the confluence of the bile ducts can be difficult. An approach by dissection at the confluence has to be performed directly into an area of scarring or at the site of a neoplastic lesion; exposure of an adequate duct for anastomosis is often difficult and may appear impossible. This paper describes an alternative approach to the hepatic ducts by dissection of the left hepatic ductal system. The method has been used with success in thirty-six patients.
Carcinoma of the large bowel in the first four decades
Authors: Umpleby H C , Williamson R C N 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Eighty-five patients aged 40 or less who presented with colorectal carcinoma over a 32-year period were reviewed. The incidence was 2.5 per cent of all patients with large bowel cancer (n = 3426). Predisposing causes included familial polyposis (eight patients), panproctocolitis (ulcerative, one; Crohn's, one) and irradiation (one); four patients were pregnant. One-third of the patients presented as emergencies, and 43 per cent of these had intestinal obstruction. Five-year survival rates were 41 per cent overall and 59 per cent after ‘curative’ resection. Survival was equivalent both for elective and emergency admission and for mucinous carcinomas (n = 16) and those non-mucinous carcinomas of moderate histological differentiation. Five-year survival rates were poorer when the history was less than three months in duration (20 per cent vs. 45 per cent: P = 0.02) and for rectal and rectosigmoid tumours than colonic tumours (31 per cent vs. 50 per cent: P = 0.05). Radical resection is indicated when feasible: four of five patients with involvement of adjacent viscera and four of six patients with resectable recurrence survived beyond 10 years. The outcome is similar to that at all ages, any unfavourable pathological features being balanced by improved survival following emergency operations.
Chemotherapy after palliative resection of colorectal cancer. Yorkshire gastrointestinal tumour group
Authors:   The members of the Group, Giles G R , Lawton J O , Malhotra Aruna , Hall R , Matheson T S , Craven J L , MacAdam W A F , Bird G G 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Patients with residual disease after palliative resection of colorectal cancer were randomly allocated to receive methyl CCNU and 5-Fluorouracil or followed conventionally. There was a short term improvement in overall survival at 2 years significant at the 5 per cent level but ultimately all patients died. Chemotherapy did not significantly delay progression or prolong survival in patients with local residual disease. Although patients with more disseminated disease had a poorer prognosis than those with more limited disease, survival at 18 months was significantly prolonged (P &lt; 0.02 &gt; 0.01) by chemotherapy.
Management of enterocutaneous fistulas: A review of 132 cases
Authors: McIntyre P B , Ritchie Jean K , Hawley P R , Bartram C I , Lennard-Jones J E 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The development of an enterocutaneous fistula has frequently been reported as being attended by a high morbidity and mortality, particularly in patients with inflammatory bowel disease who have high output, small bowel fistulas. We report a series of 114 patients who required treatment for 132 fistulas during the period 1976–1981. Fifty-one fistulas originated in the jejunum and ileum, and forty-eight patients had Crohn's disease. The majority of patients required surgical intervention and parenteral nutrition was required in forty-eight cases. Using an integrated programme of nursing, medical and surgical care, the overall healing rate was 90.9 per cent and the mortality 5.3 per cent. With the therapeutic methods currently available, an unacceptably high mortality rate in these patients can be avoided.