bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Office Procedures for Quantitative Assessment of Olfactory Function
Authors: Doty Richard L. 
Published: August 2007

Background Despite the importance of the sense of smell for establishing the flavor of foods and beverages, as well as protecting against environmental dangers, this primary sensory system is commonly ignored by the rhinologist. Methods In this article basic issues related to practical measurement of olfactory function in the clinic are described and examples of the application of the two most common paradigms for such measurement—odor identification and detection–are presented. A listing is made of the 27 olfactory tests currently used clinically, along with their strengths and weaknesses. A brief review of common nasosinus-related disorders for which quantitative olfactory testing has been performed is provided. Results Although many psychophysical tests are available for quantifying olfactory loss, it is apparent that a number are limited in terms of practicality, sensitivity, and reliability. In general, sensitivity and reliability are positively correlated with test length. Given the strengths of the more reliable forced-choice pyschophysical tests and the limitations of electrophysiological tests, the common distinction between “subjective” and “objective” tests is misleading and should not be used. Complete recovery of olfactory function, as measured quantitatively, rarely follows surgical or medical interventions in patients with rhinosinusitis. Conclusion Given the availability of practical clinical olfactory tests, the modern rhinologist can easily quantify cranial nerve (CN) I function. The application of such tests has led to a new understanding of the effects of nasal disease on olfactory function. Except in cases of total or near-total nasal obstruction, olfactory and airway patency measures usually are unrelated, in accord with the concept that rhinosinusitis primarily influences olfactory function by apoptotic pathological changes within the olfactory neuroepithelium.
Possible Role of Transforming Growth Factor Beta and Interleukin-4 in the Up-Regulation of CLC-2 and CLC-3 in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Li Huabin , Jiang Hongyan , Cheng Lei , Oh Yun , Xu Geng 
Published: August 2007

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) may cover different disease entities, and the pathogenic mechanism remains unclear. Methods The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of chloride channel protein CLC-2 and CLC-3 in CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP) and evaluate the roles of interleukin (IL)-4 and transforming growth factor (TGF) beta in the up-regulation of CLC-2 and CLC-3. We detected expression of CLC-2 and CLC-3 in 17 patients with CRSsNP by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and we examined the concentration of TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and interferon (IFN) γ in ethmoid sinus mucosa by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results We found that CLC-2 and CLC-3 is up-regulated in CRSnNP and located in submucosal glands and epithelium of the ethmoid sinus. CLC-2 and CLC-3 mRNA correlated with IL-4 in CRSsNP (r = 0.57 and 0.65; p < 0.05). CLC-2 and CLC-3 mRNA correlated negatively with mucosal TGF-beta in CRSsNP (r = -0.49 and -0.54; p < 0.05). Conclusion We concluded that CLC-2 and CLC-3 is up-regulated in ethmoid mucosa and may affect the development of CRSsNP. TGF-beta and IL-4 may modulate the expression of CLC-2 and CLC-3 in CRSsNP.
American Rhinologic Society Member Survey on “Maximal Medical Therapy” for Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Dubin Marc G. , Liu Cindy , Lin Sandra Y. , Senior Brent A. 
Published: August 2007

Background “Maximal medical therapy” is the standard of care for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) treatment before the recommendation for surgery. However, this therapy is not consistent. Therefore, as a first step in determining the role of the disparate “maximal medical” treatments for CRS, American Rhinologic Society (ARS) members were surveyed. Methods A survey was mailed to all nonresident members of the ARS (n = 723). Focusing on the time period before surgical intervention is first considered for CRS patients, the survey assessed types of therapies, frequency of use, details on antibiotic and steroid usage, use of computed tomography (CT), and demographic data of respondents. All responses were anonymous. Results Three hundred eight surveys were returned (43%). A majority of respondents used oral antibiotics and nasal steroids “almost always (>90%).” Oral antibiotics, oral steroids, nasal steroids, saline irrigation, and allergy testing were most commonly used at least “usually (50–90%).” The median antibiotic length was 3.1–4 weeks. The mean peak prednisone dose was 51.7 mg when oral steroids were used. Therapies that were rarely or never used by the majority included oral antifungals, antifungal spray, antibiotic spray, antibiotic nebulizer, steroid nebulizer, and i.v. antibiotics. Conclusion Oral antibiotics (median, 3.1–4 weeks) and nasal steroids are used >90% of the time by a majority of ARS members for maximal medical treatment of CRS.
Organ Culture at the Air–Liquid Interface Maintains Structural and Functional Integrities of Inflammatory and Fibrovascular Cells of Nasal Polyps
Authors: Park Seong Kook , Lee Woo Jeong , Yang Young Il 
Published: August 2007

Background Both inflammatory and fibrovascular cells play an important role in development of nasal polyps (NPs). In this study, we have developed a culture system to maintain structural and functional integrities of submucosal cells in vitro. Methods NP tissue was cultured on a gelatin sponge at air–liquid (AL) interface or was cultured in submerging. Tissues were analyzed for survival, structural integrity, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression. Results Most cells of NPs cultured in submerging died within 3 days. In culture at the AL interface, epithelium as well as submucosa kept structural integrity during the culture period. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry showed that submucosa cells displayed VEGF expression, which is a major inducer of angiogenesis and edema of NPs. Conclusion Our study is the first demonstration that organ culture of NPs at the AL interface retains integrity of both epithelium and submucosa and this culture method possibly will be used to study the pathogenesis of NPs.
Comparison of Fast-Setting Calcium Phosphate Bone Cement and Fat Autograft in a Rabbit Model of Frontal Sinus Obliteration
Authors: Eloy Jean Anderson , Altman Jason I. , Hoch Benjamin L. , Munoz Carla M. , Shohet Michael R. 
Published: August 2007

Background Traditionally, chronic obstruction of the frontal recess is managed by frontal sinus obliteration (FSO). This often requires the harvest of abdominal fat as a filler with all of its associated morbidity. In this study, we investigate the efficacy of calcium phosphate bone cement (Craniofacial Repair System [CRS]) as a material for FSO. Methods Eighteen New Zealand white rabbits were divided into three groups and carried out to two time periods. Six rabbits underwent FSO with fat autograft (control group) and 12 rabbits underwent FSO with CRS (study groups 1 and 2, respectively). At 52 weeks, six control and six study rabbits were killed. The remaining six rabbits were killed at 78 weeks. All specimens underwent radiological evaluation with spiral computed tomography (CT) followed by gross inspection. Histological evaluation was then performed to assess bony growth and to evaluate the interface of the sinus wall with the obliterative material. Results Sinuses obliterated with CRS showed complete obliteration radiographically. This was apparent at 52 weeks and remained static at 78 weeks. Histological analysis indicated persistent obliteration of the sinus cavity from 52 to 78 weeks and signs of osteoinduction. There were no complications observed as a result of the operative procedure or the materials used. Conclusion CRS is an alternative to fat autograft for FSO in this noninfected animal model. Further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term efficacy as well as its behavior in chronically infected sinuses.
Onset of Action of Azelastine Nasal Spray Compared with Mometasone Nasal Spray and Placebo in Subjects with Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis Evaluated in an Environmental Exposure Chamber
Authors: Patel Piyush , D'Andrea Carrie , Sacks Harry J. 
Published: August 2007

Background The objective of this study was to determine the onset of action of azelastine hydrochloride nasal spray compared with placebo and an intranasal steroid, mometasone furoate, in subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). Methods Subjects with a history of SAR and symptomatic while exposed to ragweed pollen in an environmental exposure chamber (EEC) were randomized to azelastine nasal spray (n = 150), mometasone nasal spray (n = 150), or placebo (n = 150) and recorded total nasal symptom scores (TNSS), consisting of sneezing, nasal pruritus, rhinorrhea, and congestion, during an 8-hour study period. Results Azelastine nasal spray showed a statistically significant improvement in the TNSS at 15 minutes compared with placebo. The effect was durable at each time point during the 8-hour study. Azelastine nasal spray also was significantly more effective than mometasone at each time point. Conclusion Azelastine nasal spray has a rapid (15 minute) onset of action. Azelastine nasal spray was superior to both placebo and mometasone nasal spray in reducing nasal symptoms of SAR occurring within 8 hours after an allergen challenge.
University Science Students’: Knowledge of Fats
Authors: Mazier M.J. Patricia , McLeod Sheena L. 
Published: August 2007

Purpose: Students entering university often lack knowledge about fats; whether students gain such information during four years at university is unclear. Students’ knowledge of fat in the first and fourth years was measured and compared. The effect of a nutrition course on knowledge was also examined. Methods: A total of 215 science students at a small undergraduate university completed a 15-item, closed-ended questionnaire concerning knowledge of fats in the diet. Results: Fourth-year science students have greater nutrition knowledge of fats than do first-year science students (p<0.005). Given that the majority of first-year students reside on campus and the majority of fourth-year students reside off campus, the purchasing of food and preparation of meals may explain the senior students’ greater knowledge of fat. Students who have taken a nutrition course know more about fats than do those who have not (p<0.001). Conclusions: Taking even one course in nutrition greatly increases nutrition knowledge. Universities could encourage undergraduate students to take a basic nutrition course, which should emphasize the identification and understanding of different types of dietary fats.
Heritability of cognitive functions in families with bipolar disorder
Authors: Antila Mervi , Tuulio‐Henriksson Annamari , Kieseppä Tuula , Soronen Pia , Palo Outi M. , Paunio Tiina , Haukka Jari , Partonen Timo , Lönnqvist Jouko 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBipolar disorder is highly heritable. Cognitive dysfunctions often observed in bipolar patients and their unaffected relatives implicate that these impairments may be associated with genetic predisposition to bipolar disorder and thus fulfill the criteria of a valid endophenotype for the disorder. However, the most fundamental criterion, their heritability, has not been directly studied in any bipolar population. This population‐based study estimated the heritability of cognitive functions in bipolar disorder. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV were administered to a population‐based sample of 110 individuals from 52 families with bipolar disorder. Heritability of cognitive functions as assessed with neuropsychological test scores were estimated using the Solar package. Significant additive heritabilities were found in verbal ability, executive functioning, and psychomotor processing speed. Genetic contribution was low to verbal learning functions. High heritability, in executive functioning and psychomotor processing speed suggest that these may be valid endophenotypic traits for genetic studies of bipolar disorder. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Refinement of the Crystal Structures of Palladium‐Rich In‐Pd Compounds by X‐Ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction.
Authors: Kohlmann Holger , Ritter Clemens 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chemical Bonding and Physical Properties of Yb5Bi3.
Authors: Liang Ying , Cardoso‐Gil Raul , Schnelle Walter , Schmidt Marcus , Zhao Jing Tai , Grin Yuri 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Crystal and Electronic Structures of the New Carbomolybdates(III), Ln2[Mo2C3] with Ln: Ce, Sm, Tb, and Dy.
Authors: Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Kreiner Guido , Wagner Frank R. , Schnelle Walter , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Experimental Investigation and Thermodynamic Modeling of the Gd—Si System.
Authors: Huang Mianliang , Schlagel Deborah L. , Schmidt Frederick A. , Lograsso Thomas A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SSOH and HSSO Radicals: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of [S2OH]0/+/‐ Species.
Authors: de Petris Giulia , Rosi Marzio , Troiani Anna 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
[AuGe18{Si(SiMe3)3}6] ‐: A Soluble Au—Ge Cluster on the Way to a Molecular Cable?
Authors: Schenk Christian , Schnepf Andreas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Direct Vinylogous Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalysts.
Authors: Jiang Lin , Zheng Hong‐Ting , Liu Tian‐Yu , Yue Lei , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unexpected Formation of 4‐Hydroxy‐6‐nitroindoles in the Intramolecular Cyclization of O‐(3‐Amino‐5‐nitrophenyl)ketoximes.
Authors: Vorob'ev Sergei S. , Dutov Mikhail D. , Vatsadze Irina A. , Kachala Vadim V. , Strelenko Yuri A. , Sedov Andrei V. , Shevelev Svyatoslav A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Studies on the Intramolecular Cyclizations of Bicyclic δ‐Hydroxynitriles Promoted by Triflic Anhydride.
Authors: Justribo Valeria , Pellegrinet Silvina C. , Colombo Maria I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reaction of Sarcosine with Chromone‐3‐carbaldehyde and 6,6′‐(Polymethylenedioxy)di(chromone‐3‐carbaldehyde).
Authors: Ghosh Tarun , Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New and Efficient N‐Alkylation Procedure for Semicarbazides/Semicarbazones Derivatives.
Authors: Brondani Dalci Jose , Moreira Diogo Rodrigo de Magalhaes , de Farias Maria Patricia A. , Souza Flavio Ricardo da S. , Barbosa Fabio Fernandes , Leite Ana Cristina Lima 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2,3‐Bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]‐1,3‐butadiene as a Versatile Bis‐nucleophilic Reagent for the Preparation of Polyfunctional 1,3‐Diene Derivatives.
Authors: Antipova Anna O. , Tumanov Vasily V. , Smit William A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Expedient Variant of Heck Reaction of Alkenyl Nonaflates: Homogeneous Ligand‐Free Palladium Catalysis at Room Temperature.
Authors: Vogel Michael A. K. , Stark Christian B. W. , Lyapkalo Ilya M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Titanocene(II)‐Promoted Stereoselective Alkenylation Utilizing (Z)‐Alkenyl Sulfones.
Authors: Ogata Akitoshi , Nemoto Masami , Kobayashi Kenji , Tsubouchi Akira , Takeda Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Trifluoroacetylation of Arylamines Using Poly‐Phosphoric Acid Trimethylsilylester (PPSE).
Authors: Lopez Simon E. , Perez Yelsi , Restrepo Jelem , Salazar Jose , Charris Jaime 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Alkylation of Ammonium Salts Catalyzed by Imidazolium‐Based Ionic Liquid Catalysts.
Authors: Zheng Zhuo Qun , Wang Jie , Wu Ting Hua , Zhou Xiao Ping 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Organocatalytic Enantioselective Cyclopropanation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Rios Ramon , Sunden Henrik , Vesely Jan , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Dziedzic Pawel , Cordova Armando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Cyclopropanes via Pd(II)/(IV)‐Catalyzed Reactions of Enynes.
Authors: Welbes Leilani L. , Lyons Thomas W. , Cychosz Katie A. , Sanford Melanie S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Copper‐Mediated Synthesis of Tertiary Diaryl Squaramides.
Authors: Ramalingam Vijayakumar , Bhagirath Niala , Muthyala Rajeev S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Microwave‐Assisted Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylation of Aryl Halides with Homoallyl Alcohols via Retro‐Allylation.
Authors: Iwasaki Masayuki , Hayashi Sayuri , Hirano Koji , Yorimitsu Hideki , Oshima Koichiro 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Design of C2‐Symmetric Tetrahydropentalenes as New Chiral Diene Ligands for Highly Enantioselective Rh‐Catalyzed Arylation of N‐Tosylarylimines with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Wang Zhi‐Qian , Feng Chen‐Guo , Xu Ming‐Hua , Lin Guo‐Qiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Allylation Reactions of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones with Lithium in THF under Ultrasonic Irradiation.
Authors: Bian Yan‐Jiang , Zhang Jian‐You , Li Ji‐Tai 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Diaryl Ethers Based on One‐Pot [3 + 3] Cyclizations of 1,3‐Bis(silyl enol ethers).
Authors: Sher Muhammad , Ahmed Zafar , Rashid Muhammad A. , Fischer Christine , Spannenberg Anke , Langer Peter 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclopalladated Ferrocenylimine: A Highly Effective Catalyst for the Borylation/Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Ma Ning , Zhu Zhiwu , Wu Yangjie 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Yb(OTf)3‐Catalyzed Alkylation of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Using Alcohols as Substrates.
Authors: Huang Wen , Wang Jialiang , Shen Quansheng , Zhou Xigeng 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
n Improved and Clean Procedure for the Synthesis of One‐Donor Poly‐Acceptors Systems Containing 2,6‐Dicyanoamine Moiety in Aqueous Media Catalyzed by TEBAC in the Presence and Absence of K2CO3.
Authors: Wang Xiang‐Shan , Zhang Mei‐Mei , Li Qing , Yao Chang‐Sheng , Tu Shu‐Jiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New InCl3‐Catalyzed Reduction of Anthrones and Anthraquinones by Using Aluminum Powder in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Wang Chunyan , Wan Jieping , Zheng Zhiguo , Pan Yuanjiang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amine‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes.
Authors: Zhao Gui‐Ling , Ibrahem Ismail , Sunden Henrik , Cordova Armando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Stereoselective Aziridination of Imines with (S)‐Dimethylsulfonium‐(p‐tolylsulfinyl)methylide.
Authors: Midura Wanda H. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.