bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Beyond the “Big Talk”: The Roles of Breadth and Repetition in Parent-Adolescent Communication About Sexual Topics
Authors: Martino Steven C. , Elliott Marc N. , Corona Rosalie , Kanouse David E. , Schuster Mark A. 
Published: February 2008

OBJECTIVE. Most studies of parent-adolescent communication about sexuality focus on the frequency of communication without distinguishing between the breadth of topics covered and repetition. The goal of this study was to assess the independent influence of breadth and repetition of sexual discussion on adolescents' perceptions of their relationship and communication with their parents.METHODS. Data came from 312 adolescents who, along with their parents, were control participants in a randomized, controlled trial to evaluate a worksite-based intervention designed to improve parent-adolescent sexual communication. Adolescents completed surveys before the intervention (time 1) and at 1 week, 3 months, and 9 months after the intervention (times 2, 3, and 4, respectively). At each survey, adolescents reported whether they had discussed each of 22 sex-related topics with their parent. Breadth was defined as the number of topics discussed for the first time between times 1 and 4, and repetition was defined as the number of previously discussed topics repeated during that period.RESULTS. Adolescents whose sexual communication with their parents involved more repetition felt closer to their parents, felt more able to communicate with their parents in general and about sex specifically, and perceived that discussions with their parents about sex occurred with greater openness than did adolescents whose sexual communication with their parents included less repetition. Breadth of communication was associated only with the perceived ease of parent-adolescent sexual communication: adolescents who discussed more new topics with their parents between times 1 and 4 felt that their sexual discussions occurred with greater openness than did adolescents who discussed fewer topics.CONCLUSIONS. Clinicians may want to advise parents about the value of discussing sexual topics repeatedly with their children, because this may provide parents an opportunity to reinforce and build on what they have taught their children and provide children the opportunity to ask clarifying questions as they attempt to put their parents' sexual education into practice.
Getting Beyond “Don’t Ask; Don’t Tell”: an Evaluation of US Veterans Administration Postdeployment Mental Health Screening of Veterans Returning From Iraq and Afghanistan
Authors: Seal Karen H. , Bertenthal Daniel , Maguen Shira , Gima Kristian , Chu Ann , Marmar Charles R. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives. We sought to evaluate outcomes of the Veterans Administration (VA) Afghan and Iraq Post-Deployment Screen for mental health symptoms. Methods. Veterans Administration clinicians were encouraged to refer Iraq or Afghanistan veterans who screened positive for posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, or high-risk alcohol use to a VA mental health clinic. Multivariate methods were used to determine predictors of screening, the proportions who screened positive for particular mental health problems, and predictors of VA mental health clinic attendance. Results. Among 750 Iraq and Afghanistan veterans who were referred to a VA medical center and 5 associated community clinics, 338 underwent postdeployment screening; 233 (69%) screened positive for mental health problems. Having been seen in primary care (adjusted odd ratio [AOR]=13.3; 95% confidence interval [CI]=8.31, 21.3) and at a VA community clinic (AOR=3.28; 95% CI=2.03, 5.28) predicted screening. African American veterans were less likely to have been screened than were White veterans (AOR=0.45; 95% CI=0.22, 0.91). Of 233 veterans who screened positive, 170 (73%) completed a mental health follow-up visit. Conclusions. A substantial proportion of veterans met screening criteria for co-occurring mental health problems, suggesting that the VA screens may help overcome a “don’t ask, don’t tell” climate that surrounds stigmatized mental illness. Based on data from 1 VA facility, VA postdeployment screening increases mental health clinic attendance among Iraq and Afghanistan veterans.
Physical Education and Academic Achievement in Elementary School: Data From the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study
Authors: Carlson Susan A. , Fulton Janet E. , Lee Sarah M. , Maynard L. Michele , Brown David R. , Kohl Harold W. , Dietz William H. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives. We examined the association between time spent in physical education and academic achievement in a longitudinal study of students in kindergarten through fifth grade. Methods. We used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 1998 to 1999, which employed a multistage probability design to select a nationally representative sample of students in kindergarten (analytic sample = 5316). Time spent in physical education (minutes per week) was collected from classroom teachers, and academic achievement (mathematics and reading) was scored on an item response theory scale. Results. A small but significant benefit for academic achievement in mathematics and reading was observed for girls enrolled in higher amounts (70–300 minutes per week) of physical education (referent: 0–35 minutes per week). Higher amounts of physical education were not positively or negatively associated with academic achievement among boys. Conclusions. Among girls, higher amounts of physical education may be associated with an academic benefit. Physical education did not appear to negatively affect academic achievement in elementary school students. Concerns about adverse effects on achievement may not be legitimate reasons to limit physical education programs.
Secondhand Smoke Exposure Among Women and Children: Evidence From 31 Countries
Authors: Wipfli Heather , Avila-Tang Erika , Navas-Acien Ana , Kim Sungroul , Onicescu Georgiana , Yuan Jie , Breysse Patrick , Samet Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives. We sought to describe the range of exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) among women and children living with smokers around the world and generate locally relevant data to motivate the development of tobacco control policies and interventions in developing countries. Methods. In 2006, we conducted a cross-sectional exposure survey to measure air nicotine concentrations in households and hair nicotine concentrations among nonsmoking women and children in convenience samples of 40 households in 31 countries. Results. Median air nicotine concentration was 17 times higher in households with smokers (0.18 μg/m3) compared with households without smokers (0.01 μg/m3). Air nicotine and hair nicotine concentrations in women and children increased with the number of smokers in the household. The dose–response relationship was steeper among children. Air nicotine concentrations increased an estimated 12.9 times (95% confidence interval=9.4, 17.6) in households allowing smoking inside compared with those prohibiting smoking inside. Conclusions. Our results indicate that women and children living with smokers are at increased risk of premature death and disease from exposure to SHS. Interventions to protect women and children from household SHS need to be strengthened.
The Information Role of Conservatism
Authors: LaFond Ryan , Watts Ross L. 
Published: February 2008

In this paper we argue that information asymmetry between firm insiders and outside equity investors generates conservatism in financial statements. Conservatism reduces the manager's incentives and ability to manipulate accounting numbers and so reduces information asymmetry and the deadweight losses that information asymmetry generates. This increases firm and equity values.
Our empirical tests are consistent with our proposition that information asymmetry is significantly positively related to conservatism after controlling for other demands for conservatism. Further, our tests are more consistent with our prediction that changes in information asymmetry between equity investors lead to changes in conservatism than the FASB's proposition that conservatism produces information asymmetry among equity investors. An important implication is that, if the FASB was successful in meeting its stated goal of eliminating conservatism, then it would increase information asymmetry between investors, not reduce it. This outcome is inconsistent with the objectives of the Securities Acts.
The Effect of Occlusal Loading on the Microleakage of Class V Restorations
Authors: Arisu H. D. , Üçtasli M. B. , Eligüzeloglu E. , Özcan S. , Ömürlü H. 
Published: February 2008

Clinical Relevance
The occlusal stress generated in the cervical region during normal function and parafunction may increase microleakage or detoriate the margins of Class V restorations. This study suggests that self-etch adhesives achieve marginal sealing equal to total-etch adhesives under occlusal loading.
Fluorescence Intensity of Resin Composites and Dental Tissues Before and After Accelerated Aging: A Comparative Study
Authors: Takahashi M. K. , Vieira S. , Rached R. N. , Almeida J. B. , Aguiar M. , Souza E. M. 
Published: February 2008

Clinical Relevance
Fluorescence is one of the optical properties of resin composites and dental tissues that is of great interest today. The fluorescence intensity of restorative materials should be as close as possible to that of human enamel and dentin to ensure an acceptable reproduction of these qualities in esthetic restorations.
Intraarterial abciximab for treatment of thromboembolism during coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms: outcome and fatal hemorrhagic complications
Authors: Park Jae Hyo , Kim Jeong Eun , Sheen Seung Hun , Jung Cheol Kyu , Kwon Bae Ju , Kwon O-Ki , Oh Chang Wan , Han Moon Hee , Han Dae Hee 
Published: February 2008

Object
Experience with intraarterial abciximab for the treatment of thromboembolism during endovascular coil embolization is limited. The authors report the outcome of intraarterial abciximab use, with an emphasis on fatal hemorrhagic complications.

Methods
Between March 2003 and May 2006, the authors treated 606 aneurysms by using endovascular coil embolization, and in 32 (5.3%) of these aneurysms (31 patients) an intraarterial thrombus developed. Sixteen of these aneurysms were ruptured and the other 16 were unruptured. Arterial thrombi were totally occlusive in 3 and partially occlusive in the remaining 29 cases. Intraarterial abciximab was administered at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml as a bolus of 4–15 mg over a period of 15–30 minutes.

Results
Complete thrombolysis was achieved in 17 (53%) and partial thrombolysis in 15 (47%) of 32 lesions. Twenty-eight patients (90.3%) were asymptomatic after abciximab thrombolysis, but 3 had postprocedural rebleeding that occurred after abciximab treatment; all of these patients had recently experienced an aneurysm rupture. Of these patients, 1 displayed severe thrombocytopenia and the other 2 showed a > 25% reduction in platelet count after abciximab treatment.

Conclusions
Intraarterial abciximab is effective for the treatment of thromboembolic complications that occur during intracranial aneurysm coil insertion. Nevertheless, attention should be paid to prevent potentially fatal complications such as thrombocytopenia and hemorrhage, especially in patients with a ruptured aneurysm.
Whole-hand sensorimotor area: cortical stimulation localization and correlation with functional magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Boling Warren , Parsons Michael , Kraszpulski Michal , Cantrell Carrie , Puce Aina 
Published: February 2008

Object
The pli de passage moyen (PPM) is an omega-shaped cortical landmark bulging into the central sulcus. There has been considerable interest in the PPM given that hand motor and sensory tasks have been found on functional magnetic resonance (fMR) imaging to activate the structure. Note, however, that the cortical function subserved by the PPM is not completely understood. Finger and thumb function are somatotopically organized over the central area and encompass a larger cortical surface than the anatomical PPM. Therefore, a sensory or motor hand area within the PPM would be redundant with the somatotopically organized digit function in the primary sensorimotor cortex. In this study the authors aimed to clarify the function subserved by the PPM and further evaluate hand area function in the primary sensorimotor cortex.

Methods
To further elucidate the function subserved by the PPM, patients underwent cortical stimulation in the region of the PPM as well as fMR imaging–demonstrated activation of the hand area. Two separate analytical methods were used to correlate hand area functional imaging with whole-hand sensory and motor responses induced by cortical stimulation.

Results
A relationship of the anatomical PPM with cortical stimulation responses as well as hand fMR imaging activation was observed.

Conclusions
A strong relationship was identified between the PPM, whole-hand sensory and motor stimulation responses, and fMR imaging hand activation. Whole-hand motor and whole-hand sensory cortical regions were identified in the primary sensorimotor cortex. It was localized to the PPM and exists in addition to the somatotopically organized finger and thumb sensory and motor areas.
Automated end-to-side anastomosis to the middle cerebral artery: a feasibility study
Authors: Bregy Amadé , Alfieri Alex , Demertzis Stefanos , Mordasini Pasquale , Jetzer Anna Katharina , Kuhlen Dominique , Schaffner Thomas , Dacey Ralph , Steiger Hans-Jakob , Reinert Michael 
Published: February 2008

Object
The treatment of complex cerebrovascular or skull base pathological conditions necessitates a microsurgical blood flow preservation or augmentative revascularization procedure as either an adjunctive safety measure or a definitive treatment. The brain is susceptible to ischemia, and procedure-related risks can be minimized by the reduction of occlusion time or the use of a nonocclusive technique. The authors therefore analyzed the feasibility of an automatic device (C-Port xA, Cardica) designed for constructing an end-to-side anastomosis with or without flow interruption for a middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass in a human cadaveric model and in an in vivo craniotomy simulation model.

Methods
Four Thiel-fixated human head specimens were prepared using 8 standard pterional craniotomies. The sylvian fissure was opened to access the anterior circulation and in particular the MCA. The length of the individual vessel segments was measured. The C-Port xA was tested on each of the 8 exposures. In addition the C-Port xA was deployed in an in vivo craniotomy simulator model in 10 New Zealand rabbits (a total of 20 anastomoses) by using the abdominal aorta jump graft model.

Results
Short-term patency was assessed by angiography and histological findings. In all 8 sylvian exposures, construction of an MCA anastomosis with the aid of the C-Port xA was feasible. All 20 jump graft anastomoses performed in the in vivo craniotomy simulator were found to be patent.

Conclusions
The anatomical studies as well as the in vivo craniotomy simulation studies demonstrated that the dimensions of the automated end-to-side anastomosis device are suitable for an extracranial–intracranial high-flow bypass on the MCA. Further miniaturization and special adaptation of this device would allow bypass procedures to more proximal intracranial vessels.
Honoring the 75th anniversary of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons
Authors: Laws Edward R. 
Published: February 2008

Ever since the Journal of Neurosurgery (JNS) published its first volume in 1944, the journal has reflected the scientific, technical, and clinical evolution of our specialty and parent organization, first called the Harvey Cushing Society and later the American Association of Neurological Surgeons. The JNS has been an uncompromising arbiter of progress in our specialty, and its superb editorial stewardship has led to its recognition as the premier journal in the field. The impact rating of JNS and its wide circulation among neurosurgeons worldwide are two of the many reasons why most of the truly innovative and paradigm-shifting advances in neurosurgery have been published in its pages.
As part of the 75th anniversary of the American Association of Neurological Surgeons celebration, the JNS Publishing Group has initiated a project of reviewing papers published over the years that have had the highest impact factor and greatest scientific interest: papers that have heralded new knowledge, new concepts, and new techniques that have been at the heart of modern neurosurgery and its continuing excitement and progress. We hope you will enjoy these articles and the accompanying commentaries. In this issue we present the next paper in this series.
Craniospinal Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children: 30 years' experience at a single institution
Authors: Davidson Laurence , McComb J. Gordon , Bowen Ira , Krieger Mark D. 
Published: February 2008

Object
The goal of this study was to review a large series of patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) who had craniospinal lesions to assess the long-term course, outcome, and efficacy of treatment of the disease.

Methods
Forty-four patients with LCH who presented to a single pediatric neurosurgical department between 1976 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results
This series included 29 boys and 15 girls, ranging in age from 2 months to 13 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 4.5 years. Twenty-seven patients (61%) had unifocal bone lesions, 12 (27%) had multifocal bone disease, 2 (5%) had solitary hypothalamic–pituitary axis lesions, and 3 (7%) had multiple organ involvement at presentation. Five (19%) of the 27 patients with unifocal bone disease and 4 (33%) of the 12 patients with multifocal bone disease had delayed development of new bone lesions during the follow-up period. The time to development of new bone lesions ranged from 1 month to 1 year. Two of the 3 patients with multiple-organ LCH died. Patient age ≤ 2 years at the time of initial presentation was a risk factor for both initial multifocality and eventual dissemination. In all patients with initial multifocal bone involvement or later dissemination of unifocal bone disease, LCH was controlled by chemotherapy, except for 2 who were treated by surgery alone. Three patients had histological evidence of spontaneous resolution of their lesions.

Conclusions
Patients with unifocal LCH can be effectively treated with surgery alone. Very young patients are more likely to have multifocal disease and disseminations, and will usually require chemotherapy to control their disease. Spontaneously regressing lesions need not be resected; however, a biopsy procedure can be performed for diagnostic purposes.
Endoscopic cyst fenestration in the treatment of multiloculated hydrocephalus in children
Authors: El-Ghandour Nasser M. F. 
Published: February 2008

Object
The treatment of multiloculated hydrocephalus is a difficult problem in pediatric neurosurgery. Definitive treatment is surgical, yet the approach remains controversial. The author has therefore reviewed his results with endoscopic cyst fenestration (ECF) in the management of this disease.

Methods
The author presents the largest series to date of 24 patients with multiloculated hydrocephalus who were treated endoscopically. The group included 10 boys and 14 girls with a mean age of 12.5 months. Uniloculated hydrocephalus was not included in this study because it is a different entity that would be better studied separately.

Results
Neonatal meningitis was the most common cause (in 9 patients), followed by intraventricular hemorrhage (in 6 patients), postoperative gliosis (in 6 patients), and multiple neuroepithelial cysts (in 3 patients). Multiplanar magnetic resonance images made early diagnosis possible and are indicated if the computed tomography scan shows disproportionate hydrocephalus. Surgical treatment included ECF (in 24 patients), endoscopic revision of a malfunctioning preexisting shunt (in 6 patients), placement of a new shunt (in 15 patients), and third ventriculostomy (in 3 patients). The ECF was easily performed in all cases through devascularization of the cyst wall by coagulation to prevent recurrence. The results are encouraging with improvement of hydrocephalus in 18 patients (75%). The need for shunt insertion was avoided in 3 patients (12.5%). Endoscopy reduced shunt revision rate from 2.9 per year before fenestration to 0.2 per year after fenestration. During the overall mean follow-up period (30 months), repeated ECF was necessary in 8 patients (33%). Six (75%) of these 8 patients had already undergone shunt treatment before endoscopy. Endoscopic complications were minimal (2 cerebrospinal fluid leaks and 2 minor arterial hemorrhages), and there were no deaths (0%).

Conclusions
An ECF procedure is recommended in the treatment of multiloculated hydrocephalus because it is effective, simple, minimally invasive, and associated with low morbidity and mortality rates.
Analysis of anatomical variations of bone and vascular structures around the posterior atlantal arch using three-dimensional computed tomography angiography
Authors: Hong Jae Taek , Lee Sang Won , Son Byung Chul , Sung Jae Hoon , Yang Seung Ho , Kim Il Sub , Park Chun Kun 
Published: February 2008

ObjectThe current study evaluates the incidence of anatomical variations of the V3segment of the vertebral artery (VA) and the posterior arch of the atlas (C-1). Failure to appreciate these types of anatomical variations can cause catastrophic injury to the VA during posterior approaches to the upper cervical spine.MethodsIn the present study, the authors analyzed the records of 1013 Korean patients who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography to evaluate the incidence of anomalous variations in the third segment of the VA and to determine the incidence and morphometric characteristics of any detected posterior ponticuli. The authors also hoped to determine any specific imaging features that might indicate a VA anomaly around the craniovertebral junction.ResultsThe mean age of the patients was ~ 55.7 years and the prevalence of a posterior ponticulus was 15.6%. The incidence rate of a posterior ponticulus in the male population was 19.3%, whereas in the female population it was 12.8%. The incomplete type of posterior ponticulus was more common than the complete type. The mean age of the patients with an incomplete posterior ponticulus (55.7 years) was significantly younger (p = 0.018) than the mean age of patients with a complete posterior ponticulus (57.6 years). The incidence rate of a persistent first inter-segmental artery was 4.7% and the incidence rate of a fenestrated VA was 0.6%. The area of the C-1 transverse foramen on the abnormal side was significantly smaller than that of the contralateral normal side.ConclusionsThe shape of the C-1 posterior arch and the third segment of the VA are heterogeneous. Therefore, preoperative radiological studies should be performed to identify any anatomical variations. Using preoperative 3D CT angiography, we can precisely identify an anomalous VA and significantly reduce the risk of VA injury.