bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The use of Some Aliphatic Halorgano antimony Compounds as combustion Retarding agents of Unsaturated Polyester and Epoxy Resins
Authors: Dabagh Areej Kamal A.AL- 
Published: March 2024

Four antimony compounds were used in this inves as additives to retard combustion of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins, namely:
1.	Tetraethyl ammonium tribromoethylantimonates (additive I).
2.	Tetraethyl ammonium chlorodibromoethylantimonates (additive II).
3.	Tetraethyl ammonium trichloroethylantimonates (additive III).
4.	Tetraethyl ammonium bromodichloroethylantimonates (additive IV).

The effects of these additives on flammability of unsaturated polyester and epoxy resins have been studied by using sheets of the resins with weight percentages of (0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5&3.0%) of the additives in dimensions of (150 X150X3)mm .Three standard test methods were used to measure the flame retardation which are:
(ASTM:D -2863), (ASTM:D-635)and (ASTM:D-3014).
The results obtained from these tests indicated that, additive I has a high efficiency as flame retardant causing , self – extinguishing (S.E.) at the percentage of (2.0%) for unsaturated polyester resin and the percentage (2.5%) for epoxy resin.
Self – extinguishing (S.E.) of additives II and IV were at the percentage of (2.5%) for unsaturated polyester resin and (3.0%) in the case of epoxy resin. Additive III showed low effect on flammability in both resins
Synthesis of some heterocyclic derivatives of 1,8-Naphthyridine with a new substitution on the Naphthyridine ring
Authors: Ayoob Ala I. , Al-Ramadhany Talat R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract	The Synthesis in good yields of some new 1,8-Naphthyridine derivatives (1-9) and characterized on the basis of IR and 1H NMR spectra data. The compounds (1) and (6) were utilized as a starting material for the preparing of these compounds.
An Unusual Route of Odontogenic Infection from the Mandible to the Orbit Through the Facial Spaces, Resulting in Blindness: A Rare Case
Authors: Nashawi Faez Ebrahim , Shasho Hamza Omar , Alkheder Ahmad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Orbital infection is a rare complication of odontogenic infections, mostly originating from maxillary teeth. In our case, we present one of the unusual routes by which an odontogenic infection of a lower molar tooth has spread into the orbit. A 67-year-old uncontrolled diabetic patient was referred to the ear, nose, and throat department with a complaint of a swollen right masseteric region and orbital infection following a dental procedure on the right mandibular third molar. Computed tomography scan and Magnetic resonance imaging showed multiple abscesses localized in the masseteric and infratemporal spaces and extending into the orbital cavity through a bony erosion in the lateral orbital with no sinus involvement. Improper treatment and poorly controlled diabetes resulted in the extensive spread of the infection. Clinical and radiological re-evaluation has played a major role in the management of our case by elucidating the route of infection and localizing abscess foci accurately, enabling the team to plan the proper surgical intervention.
Level of the Clinical Evidence:
Level 4
Achieving zero by 30 in Bangladesh through a One Health approach
Authors: Ghosh Sumon , Hasan Mohammad , Nath Nirmalendu , Haider Najmul , Jones Daleniece Higgins , Islam Md. , Rahaman M. Mujibur , Mursalin Hasan , Mahmud Nadim , Kamruzzaman Md. , Rabby Md. Fazlay , Kar Shotabdi , Ullah Sayed Mohammed , Shah Md. Rashed , Jahan Afsana , Rana Md. Sohel , Chowdhury Sukanta , Uddin Md. Jamal , Sunil Thankam , Ahmed Be-Nazir , Siddiqui Umme , Kaisar S. M. Golam , Islam Md. Nazmul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero human dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015.
Methods: Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunization record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between the years 2011 to 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries from GenBank.
Findings: The estimated dog population in Bangladesh was determined to be 1,668,140, with an average dog population density of 12.83 dogs/km2 (95% CI 11.14, 14.53) and a human-to-dog ratio of 86.70 (95% CI 76.60, 96.80). The MDV campaign has resulted in the vaccination of an average of 21,295 dogs (95% CI 18,654, 23,935) per district annually out of an estimated 26,065 dogs (CI 22,898, 29,230), resulting in an estimated vaccine coverage of 81.61% (95% CI 80.90, 82.31). A decreasing trend from predicted and observed human rabies cases was identified, and it is projected that Bangladesh will have zero human rabies cases by 2030 if the current trend persists. The phylogenetic analysis shows that rabies viruses in Bangladesh belong to the Arctic-like-1 group, which differs from those in Bhutan despite sharing a common ancestor.
Interpretation: Bangladesh's One Health approach demonstrated that an increase in MDV and anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) resulted in a decline in the relative risk of human rabies cases, indicating that eliminating dog-mediated human rabies could be achievable.
Construction of Enterprise-Level Global Supply Chain Database
Authors: Katafuchi Yuya , Li Xinmeng , Yamada Taiki , Fujii Hidemichi , Kanemoto Keiichiro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study constructs the enterprise-level multi-regional input-output (EMRIO) table, a framework for analyzing global supply chains. The EMRIO table uniquely disaggregates existing sector-level input-output tables into an enterprise-level structure encompassing 71 countries, 11,158 sectors, 9,225 companies, 20,076 segments, and 78,676 subsegments. This approach allows for a detailed breakdown of global economic interactions, extending from individual companies to their diverse business units. The database is constructed by integrating annual security reports, fundamental financial information, business-to-business transactions, and bills of lading into input-output tables, facilitating a granular view of the global operations of enterprises. EMRIO's detailed structure is particularly adept at enhancing the understanding of global value chains and Scope 3 emissions, offering a new lens for examining the intricacies of international trade and corporate environmental impact.
The mitochondrial mRNA stabilizing protein, SLIRP, regulates skeletal muscle mitochondrial structure and respiration by exercise-recoverable mechanisms
Authors: Sylow Lykke , Pham Tang Cam Phung , Raun Steffen , Havula Essi , Henriquez-Olguín Carlos , Rubalcava-Gracia Diana , Frank Emma , Fritzen Andreas , Jannig Paulo , Andersen Nicoline , Kruse Rikke , Ali Mona , Halling Jens , Ringholm Stine , Needham Elise , Hansen Solvejg , Lemminger Anders , Schjerling Peter , Petersen Maria , de Almeida Martin , Jensen Thomas , Kiens Bente , Hostrup Morten , Larsen Steen , Ørtenblad Niels , Højlund Kurt , Kjær Michael , Ruas Jorge , Trifunovic Aleksandra , Wojtaszewski Jørgen , Nielsen Joachim , Qvortrup Klaus , Pilegaard Henriette , Richter Erik 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Decline in mitochondrial function associates with decreased muscle mass and strength in multiple conditions, including sarcopenia and type 2 diabetes. Optimal treatment could include improving mitochondrial function, however, there are limited and equivocal data regarding the molecular cues controlling muscle mitochondrial plasticity. Here we uncover the mitochondrial-mRNA-stabilizing protein SLIRP, in complex with LRPPRC, as a PGC-1α target that regulates mitochondrial structure, respiration, and mitochondrially-encoded-mRNA pools in skeletal muscle. Exercise training effectively counteracted mitochondrial defects induced by loss of LRPPRC/SLIRP, despite sustained low mitochondrially-encoded-mRNA pools, via increased mitoribosome translation capacity. In humans, exercise training robustly increased muscle SLIRP and LRPPRC protein content across exercise modalities and sexes, yet this increase was less prominent in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Our work identifies a mechanism of post-transcriptional mitochondrial regulation in skeletal muscle through mitochondrial mRNA stabilization. It emphasizes exercise as an effective approach to alleviate mitochondrial defects by possibly increasing mitoribosome capacity.
Magma recharge at Manam volcano, Papua New Guinea, identified through thermal and SO2 satellite remote sensing of open vent emissions
Authors: Cotterill Adam , Nicholson Emma , Kilburn Christopher , Hayer Catherine 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Manam is one of the most frequently active volcanoes in Papua New Guinea and is a top contributor to global volcanic volatile emissions due to its persistent open vent degassing. Here, we present a multi-year time series (2018-2021) of thermal and SO2 emissions for Manam from satellite remote sensing, which we interpret in the context of open vent feedbacks between magma supply, reservoir pressure, and outgassing. We classify the time series into four phases based on the varying SO2 flux and observe a transient, yet substantial, increase in time-averaged SO2 flux from background levels of ~0.6 kt day-1 to ~4.72 kt day-1 between March and July 2019. We also identify a transition from temporally-coupled to decoupled gas and thermal emissions during this period which we explain in the context of a magma recharge event that supplied new, volatile-rich magma to the shallow plumbing system beneath Manam. We infer that the arrival of this recharge magma triggered the series of eruptions between August 2018 and March 2019. These explosive events collectively removed 0.18 km3 of degassed residual magma and signalled the onset of a renewed period of unrest that ultimately culminated in a major eruption on 28 June 2019. We quantify the magnitude of “excess” degassing at Manam after the removal of the inferred residual magma. SO2 emissions reveal that ~0.18 km3 of magma was supplied but only ~0.08km3 was erupted between April 2019 and December 2021. We highlight how multi-parameter remote sensing observations over months to years enables interpretation of open vent processes that may be missed by short duration campaign measurements.
Numerical investigations of exhaling respiratory aerosol from inside of the human respiratory tract
Authors: Feng YaNing , Wang JinTao , Cui XinGuang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Abstract: The characteristics of exhaled aerosol outside the human respiratory airway are of significant importance in understanding virus transmission, yet they remain poorly understood. In order to effectively prevent and control the spread of respiratory infectious diseases, this study numerically investigates the exhaling characteristics of respiratory aerosol exhaled from the bronchus or larynx of a human upper airway model. This is achieved using the Euler-Lagrange method and considering various aerosol diameters (dp=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1-20 μm) as well as five expiratory flow intensities (Q=15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 L/min). The important findings of this study are as follows: (1) Expiratory airflow exhibits complex flow phenomena, including jet-flow, flow separations, and vortex structures, with their characteristics being influenced by the expiratory flow intensities. (2) The exhaling characteristics of aerosol vary depending on the combined effects of expiratory flow intensities, aerosol diameters, and initial exhaled locations from either the bronchus or larynx. (3) A critical diameter (dc) is identified to represent the size at which aerosol can effectively exit the respiratory airway and potentially pose a transmission risk. This critical diameter is identical for aerosol exhaled from both the bronchus and larynx under the same expiratory flow intensity, but it decreases as the expiratory flow intensity increases. In conclusion, expiratory flow intensity is the most critical factor in determining whether aerosol droplets can be expelled from the respiratory airway, as well as influencing the critical diameter (dc) for aerosol droplets initially located in/after the larynx.
Facial pareidolia or aggressive mimicry: Do you see a bunny on the face of cats?
Authors: GRAIPEL MAURICIO EDUARDO , Cerezer Felipe O. , Bogoni Juliano A. , Krobel Bruna N. , Cáceres Nilton C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Felids have evolved different hunting strategies depending on the prey they want to capture. The ambush by “sit and wait” is most effective when the amount or size of prey outweighs the cost of energy spent during waiting time, being advantageous for small cats if they could attract an animal or smaller predators for a lure. The ‘silhouettes’ of prey on the face of felids have been observed in 25 of the 40 species on average and may be associated only with our (human) perception. However, if this is not only a case of ‘facial pareidolia’, these ‘silhouettes’ could be associated with aggressive mimicry. To evaluate this hypothesis, we assembled a species-level data set of biological and ecological characteristics that could be associated with ‘silhouettes’ on the face of felids and combined these data with a dated molecular phylogeny. Next, we tested the association between ‘silhouettes’ and biological and ecological characteristics using a Bayesian implementation of the threshold model. Our results point out that 'silhouettes' on the face of felids are associated with small prey size and small body mass of predators. Taken together, these findings bring a new perspective to ecological, behavioral, and evolutionary studies of predator-prey relationships.
Online News Channel Streaming: A Comprehensive Analysis of Channel and User Engagement during the Israel-Palestine Conflict
Authors: Alsubari Akram , Alhiba M. , Enan Ahlam , Aldawla Najran. N. H. , Alsurori M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The current research aims to uncover insights into how online audiences engage with and respond to conflict-related news content. This research investigates public discourse on conflict through a comprehensive analysis of a dataset comprising three million YouTube comments collected from 37 reputable international news channels, such as the BBC, Al Jazeera, and CNN, within a time span of 37 days. This research presents a meticulous exploration of global public discourse during this critical juncture. Therefore, we built a dataset by mining and perusing three million user comments from comment sections provided by news channels that were streaming on YouTube. We selected 2095 news titles and 2.9 million comments covering the period from 5 Oct to 12 Nov. The dataset contains information (channels, titles, title descriptions, views, publishing dates, and comments). The dataset was carefully selected and analysed to encapsulate diverse perspectives and offer a representative snapshot of global reactions. This study employs natural language processing (NLP) techniques to explore sentiment dynamics, media influence, temporal patterns, and user behaviors within the comments section. Temporal patterns in comments are meticulously examined to discern evolving public perceptions over time. Furthermore, media influence is addressed by exploring how news channels shape and reflect public opinion during a conflict of global significance. Beyond traditional sentiment analysis, this study delves into user engagement profiles, shedding light on patterns of interaction and the factors influencing online discourse. This research extends beyond a conventional examination of online comments; it provides a nuanced understanding of how digital platforms become spaces for global dialogue during critical geopolitical events. These findings not only contribute to the field of online discourse analysis but also offer valuable insights for policymakers, media professionals, and scholars studying the intersection of digital communication and global affairs.
Lineage-specific canonical and non-canonical activity of EZH2 in advanced prostate cancer subtypes
Authors: Venkadakrishnan Varadha Balaji , Presser Adam G. , Singh Richa , Booker Matthew A. , Traphagen Nicole A. , Weng Kenny , Voss Nathaniel C. , Mahadevan Navin R. , Mizuno Kei , Puca Loredana , Idahor Osasenaga , Ku Sheng-Yu , Bakht Martin K. , Borah Ashir A. , Herbert Zachary T. , Tolstorukov Michael Y. , Barbie David A. , Rickman David S. , Brown Myles , Beltran Himisha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase and emerging therapeutic target that is overexpressed in most castration-resistant prostate cancers and implicated as a driver of disease progression and resistance to hormonal therapies. Here we define the lineage-specific action and differential activity of EZH2 in both prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) subtypes of advanced prostate cancer to better understand the role of EZH2 in modulating differentiation, lineage plasticity, and to identify mediators of response and resistance to EZH2 inhibitor therapy. Mechanistically, EZH2 modulates bivalent genes that results in upregulation of NEPC-associated transcriptional drivers (e.g., ASCL1) and neuronal gene programs, and leads to forward differentiation after targeting EZH2 in NEPC. Subtype-specific downstream effects of EZH2 inhibition on cell cycle genes support the potential rationale for co-targeting cyclin/CDK to overcome resistance to EZH2 inhibition.
Glucose deprivation-reperfusion induces labile iron overload and ferroptosis in renal tubules through V-ATPase-mTOR axis-mediated ferritinophagy and iron release by TPC2
Authors: Wu Guoyi , QIan Zhiyu , Zhang Xinyue , Huang Jiahua , Hou Yumin , Hu Chunlan , Cao Yirui , Wu Nannan , Zhu Tongyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury occurs commonly after kidney transplantation or partial nephrectomy. It is an important cause of impaired renal function with limited treatment. Ferroptosis, a distinct form of cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, plays a crucial role in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, the precise alteration of iron metabolism during IR, its regulation and its relationship with ferroptosis remain poorly understood. This current study revealed that glucose deprivation-reperfusion and energy metabolism disruption are the major factors triggering cellular labile iron overload during IR. The iron overload resulted from the downregulation of vascular ATPase-mTOR (mammalian Target of Rapamycin) axis induced by abnormal energy metabolism. The mTOR dysfunction induced iron release from lysosomes through two pore channel 2. Meanwhile, the downregulation of mTOR activated ferritinophagy, degrading ferritin and increasing free iron. Iron overload is a significant contributor to IR-induced ferroptosis, and targeting labile iron alleviated ferroptosis during IR. Our findings emphasize the effects of energy metabolism and vascular ATPase-mTOR axis on iron homeostasis and ferroptosis, and establish a link between cellular iron overload and ferroptosis during renal IR.
Third-hand Smoke Perception and Awareness among Medical Students: A Survey Study
Authors: ARAS Aysun , BAYRAKTAR Mustafa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
Third-hand smoke, which is harmful to health, is poorly known in community. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge of medical students about third-hand smoking and to raise awareness.
Methods
Students enrolled in the medical programs of the Faculty of Medicine in the academic year 2022–2023 were contacted by an online Google survey method and asked to answer the survey questions. The survey questions included questions about the socio-demographic characteristics of the participants and the Beliefs about Third-Hand Smoke Scale.
Results
The median age of the 351 students who voluntarily participated in the study was 20.0 (IQR = 2.0) years, 55.3% were female and 16% were smokers. The mean score of the answers given by the participants to the scale questions asking their level of knowledge about third-hand smoke was 35.3 ± 5.9. The least known question was "Cigarette smoke particles can stay in a room for weeks". The most frequently answered question was "Breathing the air in a room where people smoked yesterday can damage the health of babies and children". Scale scores were significantly higher for participants who did not have smokers living in their home, did not allow smoking in their home, and said they had information about third-hand smoking.
Conclusion
Medical students had sufficient knowledge and awareness about third-hand smoking. Third-hand smoke should be included in training to increase the knowledge and awareness of medical students as part of preventive medicine practices.
Spatio-temporal distribution and response relationship of NDVI based on GeoDetector in the arid regions in Northwest China
Authors: ke haocheng , LIANG liang , TIAN MengHan , Wang Maolin , Yuan chunhui , Gao Yayu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Vegetation is an essential component of the earth's ecosystem. Exploring the dynamic changes of vegetation and its influencing factors in the arid regions in Northwest China (NWAC) is of great significance to the restoration and management of the regional ecological environment. In this paper, based on the long time series Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data (2000–2020), we analyzed the ecological changes in the NWAC at different spatial and temporal scales by using Theil-Sen Median and Mann-Kendall (Sen-MK), hurst index and others, and discussed the driving factors affecting NDVI changes using GeoDetector. The results indicate that the NDVI in the NWAC shows a significant upward trend (growth rate of 1.5×103 per year). Approximately 10% of the NWAC was ecologically improved, while 3% was degraded. In addition, the future changes of NDVI in the NWAC are characterized by anti-persistence. Precipitation (q = 0.502) is the main factor affecting NDVI in the NWAC, and the interaction with other factors has the strongest effect on the spatial differentiation of NDVI in the whole region. The results of this study can help to better understand the intricate mechanism of vegetation change, and provide a scientific foundation for future vegetation restoration and rational implementation of ecological projects in the NWAC.
Knowledge-Aware Attentive Embedding Learning for Educational Group Recommendation
Authors: Wang Duiqiang , Yang Qing , Wang Yifeng , Meng Tianhao , Zhang Jingwei , Liu Lianhai 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the advancement of personalized education, the use of recommendation to improve the effectiveness of cooperative group learning has gradually become one of the core methods in education. However, most existing group recommendation methods focus on aggregating the interests of members within a group, ignore the collaborative relationships between groups, members, and items. To address the above problem, we propose an approach called Knowledge-aware Attentive Embeddings learning for educational group recommendation(KAEG), in which we construct a knowledge graph to capture various information and collaborative relationships for group decision modeling. Specifically, the method designs Simplified Graph Convolutional (SGC) networks in the knowledge graph to capture the abundant structural information of items and the similarity of interests between users and between groups. Based on this information and similarities, we design attention-embedded aggregators to learn information about collaboration between members and groups for modeling group preferences. In addition, we use a joint training strategy to train the user recommendation task and the group recommendation task in the same process, which makes them mutually reinforcing. Experiments on real-world datasets demonstrate that our KAEG model outperforms other state-of-the-art baseline models.