bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SURFACE MEMBRANE OF LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: Watanabe Shaw , Mikata Atsuo , Tadakuma Takushi , Niki Rikio , Kageyama Keizo 
Published: January 2009

Injection of serum or immunoglobulin, obtained after immunization of lymphocytes or thymocytes, caused lymphopenia either in normal rats or in RES‐blocked rats. Control rabbit serum, immunized with rat liver, caused leucocytosis instead of lymphopenia. The dose of administration was related to the degree of leucopenia.The presence of lymphocytic specific antigen determinants was confirmed with Ouchterlony agar plate method as well as other various heterologous antigens. Antilymphocytic antibody disappeared after absorption with lymphoid cells.Ferritin‐conjugated‐ALG were adsorbed along the plasma membrane of lymphocyte and did not infiltrate into the cytoplasm.
STUDIES ON ANTIBODY PRODUCTION IN CULTURED OMENTUM CELLS OF GUINEA PIGS
Authors: Kasahara Masao 
Published: January 2009

Sensitized and non‐sensitized guinea pig omentum cells were cultured in vitro for the purpose of studying the dyamic behavious of production of these cells.The uptake of administrated antigen and the production of antibody‐like substances in the cultured omentum cells were observed by the direct method of immunofluorescent techniques. The morphological changes were also studied by using tha phase contrast microscope. In order to examine the immunological specificities of antibody‐like substances against the administrated antigen, Actinomycin D and puromycin which are thoueht to be inhibitory drugs for protein synthesis and the so‐called blocking test of immunofluorescent techniques were used.Through these series of experiments, it can be concluded that the cultured omentum cells are able to produce a specific antibody against the administrated antigen in vitro.
CORRELATION OF LIVER FUNCTION AND STRUCTURE OF CIRRHOSIS WITH AND WITHOUT HEPATOMA BASED ON AUTOPSY STUDIES*
Authors: Sakurai Masami , Miyaji Toru , Ishii Atsushi , Nasu Seitaro 
Published: January 2009

Fifty‐one cases of cirrhosis with hepatoma, 7 cases of hepatoma without cirrhosis and 70 cases of cirrhosis without hepatoma were studied in correlation of histologic findings and liver function tests.More than moderate lymphocytic infiltration in portal triads and in stromas is the best measure to correlate with abnormal liver function tests among cirrhosis. Hepatoma is associated more in cirrhosis with normal or only mild lymphocytic infiltration, meaning less active and slowly progressive cirrhosis. This histologic finding also reflects on liver function tests in that rather preseved liver function is more likely to be associated with hepatoma. Good level of total serum protein, particularly not lowered albumin seems to be an important factor in association with hepatoma in cirrhosis.Elevated serum alkaline phosphatase without obstructive jaundice is also an important measure in association to hepatoma in cirrhosis.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF AUTOIMMUNE HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
Authors: Matsumoto Noboru , Sasao Takako 
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia which revealed typical clinical symptoms, and complicated with toxic epidermal necroly‐sis in its terminal stage, has been reported.Morphological changes which imply the pathogenesis of this disease have been reported. The liver was the main site of extravascular hemolysis. Various stage of red cell destruction in the Kupffer cells, erythrophagocytosis by the mononuclear cells in the peripheral blood and multiple thrombi might be relatively specific findings which suggest the hemolytic process of this disease. Hemosiderosis, erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow and myeloid metaplasia were also noted.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF MÉLANOSE NEURO‐CUTANÉE (TOURAINE)
Authors: Sobajima Yukio , Uchiyama Toshiro , Kudo Hajime 
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of melanose neuro‐cutanbe of a 20‐year‐old male is presented. He had darkly, pigmented generalized giant nevi from birth; he complained of headache, vomiting and aphasia at the age of nineteen and died from a brain tumor the following year.Histologically, melanomas of the skin were benign but melanomas of the central nervous system were malignant. The primary focus was thought to have developed in the temporal area of the right hemisphere. The pigmented cells were scattered on the pis mater of the brain and the spinal cord involving neural parenchyma. Metastasis was not found in any other organs. Up to present only 13 autopsy cases of mblanose neuro‐cutanhe have been reported in Japan.
MECHANISM OF THE FORMATION OF MEGAMITOCHONDRIA INDUCED BY COPPER‐CHELATING AGENTS
Authors: Wakabayashi Takashi , Asano Masahisa , Kurono Chieko , Ozawa Takayuki 
Published: January 2009

Megamitochondria have been isolated from the liver of the cuprizone‐fed mouse with the aid of bovine serum albumin.Phosphorylating capacities of megamitochondria, specified above, in terms of respiratory control ratios and ADP/O ratios have revealed that they are not uncoupled completely. Biochemical properties of megamito‐chondria which are related to the metabolism of copper have shown that copper‐chelating action of cuprizone may not be directly related to the formation of megamitochondria in vivo. Namely, cytochrome contents, activities of cytochrome oxidase and monoamine oxidase and contents of copper of megamitochondria were unchanged compared with those of the control. However, contents of divalent metals such as Ca++ and Mg++, especially that of the former, in megamitochondria decreased significantly. It is suggested that cuprizone may alter Mg++/Ca++ ratios when it is administered in vivo, and that changes in the ratio might play a key role in the formation of megamitochondria.
IMMUNOFLUORESCENT DEMONSTRATION OF PLASMA PROTEIN ENTRY INTO ARTERIAL WALL BY CHOLESTEROL, EPINEPHRINE, NOREPINEPHRINE AND ANGIOTENSIN II
Authors: Shimamoto Takio , Kobayashi Masahiko , Numano Fujio 
Published: January 2009

The presence of IgG and β‐lipoprotein in thoracic and abdominal aortas of 33 rhesus monkeys under various conditions was observed by immunofluorescence and interference Alter technique.In untreated and placebo control monkeys, a definite fluorescence due to IgG was seen in highly limited areas of the subendothelial space and the innermost layers and a weak but positive fluorescence due to β‐lipoprotein was sometimes shown in highly limited spots of the subendothelial space, but not in the medial layers.In challenged animals with cholesterol (1 g/kg p.o.) or epinephrine (1 μg/kg i.v.) or norepinephrine (10 μg/kg i.v.) or angiotensin II (1 μg/kg i.v.) or cholesterol (I g/kg p.o.) plus epinephrine (1 μg/kg i.v.), definite fluorescence showing the entry of β‐lipoprotein and IgG from the vessel lumen into the subendothelial space and then into the medial layers of the arterial wall was clearly shown by serial sacrificing of animals after each challenge. The passage of β‐lipoprotein through the internal elastic lamina into the medial layer, was characteristically delayed as compared with that of IgG. In pretreated animals with pyridinolcarbamate (PDC) (10 mg/kg p.o.), EG 467 (1 mg/kg p.o.) and Premarin (5 mg/kg i.v), the acute entry of those plasma proteins was significantly inhibited.
PHAGOCYTOSIS OF LYMPHOBLASTOID CELLS AND CELL DESTRUCTION OF HUMAN MALIGNANT TUMOR CELLS
Authors: Kimoto Tetsuo , Ueki Ayako , Nishitani Koji 
Published: January 2009

On the basis of the previous study8,9 on the cell interaction between malignant tumor cells and other cells, especially with lymphocytes, the present study was carried out by investigating cell to cell interaction of human malignant tumor cells and human lymphoblastoid cells such as T‐cell (MOLT‐4 cell) and B‐cell (Burkftt lymphoma cell).As a result it has been revealed that live lymphoblastoid cells were not adhered on the cell surface of the tumor cells, nor is it ingested by tumor cells, but in the presence of HVJ (Sendai virus: 2,000 H.A. Units) it adheres slightly on the cell surface of tumor cell but no cell fusion of tumor cells and lymphoblastoid cells is observable. On the other hand, the tumor cell as well as T‐cell and B‐cell all have receptors to concanavah A (Con.A) on their cell surfaces, and they show a marked cell binding such as tumor cell and T‐cell, tumor cell and B‐cell, and there can be observed a marked phagocytosis of lymphoblastoid cells by tumor cells. Moreover, the tumor cells that have phagocythd lymphoblastoid cells undergo a marked cell destruction within 4 hours of cell‐binding and phagocytosis, which is especially prominent in the case of phagocytosis of E.B cell by tumor cell.
ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDIES ON THE EFFECT OF ACTH AND FLAVIN ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE ON ADRENOCORTICAL ATROPHY OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Koizuka Shinji 
Published: January 2009

Electron microscopic observation was made on the outer fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats receiving 10 nag of FAD and/ or 0.3 mg of ACTH intraperitoneally once a day for 5 consecutive days from 24 hours after hypophysectomy.The simultaneous administration of FAD and ACTH to the hypophysectomized rat was more effective for preventing adrenocortical atrophy induced than the administration of ACTH alone. This effect appeared as clear cells with low electron density. While the characteristics induced by hypophysectomy were the decrease in number of smooth‐surfaced endoplasmic reticulum (SER) and mitochondria and also crista of mitochondria being tubular. The clear cells showed a less degree of their characteristic. From this fact, it is considered that the external FAD acts against fasciculata cells in the adrenal cortex of hypophysectomized rats as a coenzyme for flavin enzyme under ACTH and decreases oxidation‐reaction in mitochondria and oxidative phosphorilation reaction in SER, being induced by hypophysectomy. ACTA PATH. JAP. 27: 637˜645, 1977.
THE EFFECT OF A LOW POTASSIUM DIET ON THE GLOMERULAR ZONE OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX OF RATS
Authors: Kawai Kioko , Sugihara Hajime , Tsuchiyama Hideo 
Published: January 2009

Rats were fed on low potassium diets in order to observe the effect of dietary low potassium on the adrenal cortex. The authors clarified morphological changes of the hypofunctional glomerular zone and compared these changes with those of the hyperfunctional glomerular zone.Three weeks after or 2 months after the start of a low potassium diet, slight narrowing of the glomerular zone of the adrenal cortex was observed followed by miniaturization of cells, presence of binuclear cells and an increase of lipid with enlarged lipid drops. Electron microscope mainly disclosed changes of mitochondrial cristae consisting of markedly reduced, enlarged and irregularly dilated cristae with shortening or elongation. Granules appeared in mitochondria. Lysosomes or dense bodies were enlarged. The Golgi's apparatus was atrophied but endoplasmic reticulum did not show remarkable changes. These changes were directly opposite to those of the hyperfunctional glomerular zone noted after a potassium load or seen in sodium deficiency. Consequently, these changes were considered to be the changes of the hypofunctional glomerular zone associated with decrease of aldosterone production. ACTA PATH. SAP. 29: 351–362, 1979.
A Comment on Weak Disposability in Nonparametric Production Analysis
Authors: Färe Rolf , Grosskopf Shawna 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn his 2005 paper in this journal, Kuosmanen argues that Shephard's specification of weak disposability in activity analysis (DEA) models is not correct. We show that Shephard's specification does satisfy weak disposability and is the “smallest” technology to do so.
Standards as Barriers Versus Standards as Catalysts: Assessing the Impact of HACCP Implementation on U.S. Seafood Imports
Authors: Anders Sven M. , Caswell Julie A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe United States mandated a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety standard for seafood in 1997. Panel model results for 1990 to 2004 suggest that HACCP introduction had a negative and significant impact on overall imports from the top thirty‐three suppliers. While the effect for developed countries was positive, the negative effect for developing countries supports the view of “standards as barriers” versus “standards as catalysts.” A different perspective emerges from individual country‐level analysis. Regardless of development status, leading seafood exporters generally experienced a positive HACCP effect, while most other smaller trading partners faced a negative effect.
How Closely Do Hypothetical Surveys and Laboratory Experiments Predict Field Behavior?
Authors: Chang Jae Bong , Lusk Jayson L. , Norwood F. Bailey 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe compare the ability of three preference elicitation methods (hypothetical choices, nonhypothetical choices, and nonhypothetical rankings) and three discrete‐choice econometric models (the multinomial logit [MNL], the independent availability logit [IAL], and the random parameter logit [RPL]) to predict actual retail shopping behavior in three different product categories (ground beef, wheat flour, and dishwashing liquid). Overall, we find a high level of external validity. Our specific results suggest that the nonhypothetical elicitation approaches, especially the nonhypothetical ranking method, outperformed the hypothetical choice experiment in predicting retail sales. We also find that the RPL can have superior predictive performance, but that the MNL predicts equally well in some circumstances.
Optimal Investment in Transportation Infrastructure When Middlemen Have Market Power: A Developing‐Country Analysis
Authors: Mérel Pierre R. , Sexton Richard J. , Suzuki Aya 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTransportation costs and buyer market power reduce prices and income received by farmers in developing countries. Transportation costs directly affect the marketing margin and also exacerbate market power by limiting farmers’ access to buyers. This article develops a multistage spatial model to determine optimal investment in transportation improvements, taking account of impacts on marketing costs and competition. The beneficial impact of investments from farmers’ perspective is mainly through enhanced competition, meaning significant under‐investment may occur if this effect is ignored. However, the optimal investment depends on the relative importance of transportation costs; in some settings, transportation improvements reduce farm prices because buyers rationally over‐compensate farmers for these costs.
Effects of selected antioxidants on physical and sensory characteristics of yeast bread containing flaxseed meal
Authors: Conforti Frank D. , Cachaper Katherine F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFlaxseed has been identified as a potential functional food because of its high content of phytochemicals, alpha‐linolenic (α‐linolenic) acid and lignans. Flaxseed can be used in baked goods because of its minimal loss of α‐linolenic acid. Alpha‐linolenic acid is susceptible to oxidation and the development of off‐aromas and flavours in the food. The focus of this study was to determine the effectiveness of both synthetic and natural antioxidants that were incorporated into a yeast bread that contained 15% flaxseed as a partial replacement for bread flour. The study evaluated the effectiveness of the antioxidants on the physical and sensory characteristics of the bread. Physical properties, such as per cent moisture and loaf volume, were not affected (P > 0.05) by the antioxidants, but ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxytoluene and butylated hydroxyanisole, independently, had a softening affect (P < 0.05) on crumb firmness. Sensory analysis indicated significant (P < 0.05) changes in aroma, grainy taste, aftertaste and moistness in all bread samples regardless of antioxidant, however, only ascorbic acid was rated as effective in maintaining a softer (P < 0.05) crumb.
Who buys newspapers in Spain? An analysis of the determinants of the probability to buy newspapers and of the amount spent
Authors: Escardíbul Josep‐Oriol , Villarroya Anna 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we examine the determinants of household consumption of newspapers and the amount spent on their purchase by considering several explanatory variables related to household characteristics and the main household wage earner. Results show that the variables have quite similar effects on both the relative probability of buying newspapers and the amount spent. The key variables are the age and occupational status of the main wage earner, the number of household members, income and having to pay for the house, as well as a number of geographical variables. However, certain differences are also observed. The most important is the education of the main wage earner: while its effect on buying newspapers is very small (only those who did not complete primary education are less likely to buy), its effect on the amount spent increases with the level of education. As other studies of cultural goods and services consumption have suggested, education and occupational status are more relevant determinants than income.
The ownership and use of small kitchen domestic appliances by a Cypriot population
Authors: Efstathiou Aglaia , Maxwell Sheila M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe nutritional habits of consumers have become a cause for concern with an increasing number of people suffering from diseases related to nutrition. In Cyprus, traditionally the Mediterranean diet was consumed, which was protective against coronary heart disease. Recently the incidence of coronary heart disease is increasing and has become a cause for concern. The way in which food is prepared may contribute to the nutritional content of the diet. Traditional methods of cooking and eating are being influenced by increased ownership of domestic appliances. The aim of this study was to carry out a cross‐sectional survey of people living in Cyprus to determine the ownership and use of small kitchen appliances. An opportunistic sample of 300 female subjects was recruited. Data were collected using a self‐completion questionnaire consisting of questions concerning personal details, cooking techniques, and the ownership and use of domestic appliances. The Liverpool John Moores University Ethics Committee granted ethics approval for the study.The majority of Cypriots were found to spend more than 2 h cooking each day. Toasters, sandwich makers, kettles and juice makers were owned by over 75% and microwave ovens, food processors and blenders by over 50% of Cypriots. Those with a professional occupation were significantly more likely to own crepe and pancake makers, electric grills, coffee makers, blenders and food mixers (P < 0.05). There were no significant associations between age groups and ownership of any of the domestic appliances. The results indicated that a considerable number of Cypriots own and use small domestic kitchen appliances. The use of these appliances may contribute to a tendency for this population to move away from their traditional diet. The relationship between usage and nutrient intake remains to be investigated.
Food allergic consumers' preferences for labelling practices: a qualitative study in a real shopping environment
Authors: Voordouw Jantine , Cornelisse‐Vermaat Judith R. , Yiakoumaki Vassiliki , Theodoridis Gregory , Chryssochoidis George , Frewer Lynn J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFood allergy is a chronic disease that can only be managed through avoidance of problematic proteins in the diet. Inappropriate communication about food allergens can cause stress and insecurity, which may have a negative impact on quality of life. The aim was to investigate whether information provided through current labelling practices meets the need of food allergic consumers. A total of 40 participants (20 adult food allergy suffers and 20 parents of food allergic children) were recruited from two different European countries (Greece and The Netherlands), and interviewed while shopping in a supermarket. Participants were asked to purchase 15 potentially problematic food items as if for their own household. Their information search behaviour was observed, and participants were questioned about their preferences for food allergen information provision. Participants reported experiencing problems associated with current food allergy information provision. It was reported that inappropriate use of fonts, colours and languages, application of precautionary labelling and lack of harmonization in labelling practices across countries can cause (un)necessary dietary restrictions for food allergic consumers. Research is needed to investigate the feasibility and implementation possibilities for new information delivery strategies and amendments to existing European labelling policy.
The effects of family structure and socialization influences on compulsive consumption: a life course study in France
Authors: Benmoyal‐Bouzaglo Sarah , Moschis George P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCompulsive consumption is regarded as a global phenomenon that can adversely affect consumer well‐being. Although the topic has been studied in different cultural settings, we have seen relatively little theory development and explanations of compulsive behaviour. Nearly all previous empirical studies attempt to explain this behaviour by correlating measures of compulsive behaviour with independent variables taken within the same time frame. However, recent developments in social sciences suggest that such a phenomenon may best understood in the context of the person's earlier‐in‐life experiences. Using the life course paradigm as an overarching framework, the present research extends previous work on this topic. Hypotheses derived from life course perspectives are formulated, and a survey of young adults in France is used to test them. The findings have implications for theory development and suggest directions for further research.
Mammography screening from the perspective of quality of life: a review of the literature
Authors: Hafslund Bjørg , Nortvedt Monica W. 
Published: January 2009

Aims:  The purpose of this literature review was to explore how women attending a national mammography screening programme reacted to the screening process on quality of life (QoL). The research question was what implications regarding true‐negative results and false‐positive results from mammography screening were found among women?Quality of life including life domains as psychological, physical and social was the theoretical reference in the study.Method:  Guided by the concept of QoL on mammography screening a database search of Medline, Cinahl and Cochrane was carried out. Search terms such as QoL, anxiety and mammography have been used.Findings:  A review of studies between 1995 and 2007 showed that the implications regarding a negative result were less than those regarding false‐positive one. It was found that women with negative results after mammography screening experience minor negative psychological consequences, and some women have even measured less anxiety following mammography than before because of the reassurance given by a clear negative result.False‐positive result and recalls were a problem for many women. The process following recalls do affect women emotionally, decrease their wellbeing and QoL for weeks and even months.Conclusion:  Future research should be directed at measuring the short‐term outcomes in representative populations for whom screening and prevention are indicated. This knowledge would be useful for the organisation of the mammography programmes and for communication with the general population, the women coming for screening and those who do not attend.