bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On the roles of deformation and fluid during rejuvenation of a polymetamorphic terrane: inferences on the geodynamic evolution of the Ruker Province, East Antarctica
Authors: PHILLIPS G. , WHITE R. W. , WILSON C. J. L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractEvaluating pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions through mineral equilibria modelling within an amphibolite facies polymetamorphic terrane requires knowledge of the fluid content of the rocks. The Archean‐Palaeoproterozoic basement rocks of the Ruker Province, East Antarctica, preserve evidence of three metamorphic events (M1–M3). Of particular interest is the M3 event, which is constrained to the early Palaeozoic (c. 550–480 Ma). Evaluation of the tectonic setting during this time is important because the Ruker Province is located within a critical region with respect to models of Gondwana assembly. Structural evidence of the early Palaeozoic event is preserved as large (up to ∼500 m wide) high strain zones that cut the orthogneiss‐metasedimentary basement (Tingey Complex) of the Ruker Province. Rocks within these zones have been thoroughly recrystallized and preserve a dominant shear fabric and M3 mineral assemblages that formed at P–T conditions of 4.0–5.2 kbar and 565–640 °C. Distal to these zones, rocks preserve more complex petrographic relationships with S1 and S2 foliations, being incompletely overgrown by M3 retrograde assemblages. We show that the mineral assemblages preserved during the M3 event are highly dependent on the availability of fluid H2O, which is strongly influenced by the structural setting (i.e. proximity to the high‐strain zones). P–T structural and fluid flow constraints support a model of basin inversion during early Palaeozoic crustal rejuvenation in the Ruker Province.
Reticular Infantile Hemangioma of the Limb Can Be Associated with Ventral‐Caudal Anomalies, Refractory Ulceration, and Cardiac Overload
Authors: Mulliken John B. , Marler Jennifer J. , Burrows Patricia E. , Kozakewich Harry P. W. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract:  We describe six patients with an uncommon variant of infantile hemangioma that we have termed reticular, occurring in the extremity, which were associated with intractable ulceration, anogenito‐urinary‐sacral anomalies, and sometimes cardiac overload. The extreme end of the spectrum is exemplified by a male neonate who presented with a stained, enlarged, pulsatile lower extremity, and cardiac failure. He also had hepatic hemangiomas and ambiguous genitalia. Progressive soft tissue necrosis and bony destruction necessitated amputation. The histopathologic features differed from those of typical infantile hemangioma: infiltrative (not lobular) and involving fascia, muscle, and bone.The mid‐spectrum is illustrated by five females with reticular infantile hemangioma of the lower limb, buttock, and perineum. Four of these infants had a ventral‐caudal anomaly, including omphalocele, recto‐vaginal fistula, solitary/duplex kidney, imperforate anus, and tethered cord; one infant also had hepatic hemangiomas. Deep ulcerations healed following corticosteroid therapy; one patient required skin graft for closure of a thigh wound. The minor end of the spectrum is exemplified a patchy lesion in the distal limb.The reticular variant of infantile hemangioma can be confused with other vascular anomalies in the limb, such as capillary malformation, cutis marmorata telangiectasia congenita, diffuse arteriovenous malformation (Parkes Weber syndrome) and capillary‐lymphatico‐venous malformation (Klippel–Trenaunay syndrome). The macular network‐like appearance of the tumor and coexisting ventral‐caudal structural anomalies is analogous to the association of posterior fossa brain malformations, hemangiomas, arterial anomalies, coarctation of the aorta and cardiac defects, and eye abnormalities association in the craniofacial region.
Intraoperative Ultrasound to Define Focal Cortical Dysplasia in Epilepsy Surgery
Authors: Miller Dorothea , Knake Susanne , Bauer Sebastian , Krakow Karsten , Pagenstecher Axel , Sure Ulrich , Rosenow Felix 
Published: September 2007

Summary Focal cortical dyplasia (FCD) is a frequent cause of medication‐resistant focal epilepsy. Patients with FCD may benefit from epilepsy surgery. However, it is difficult to intraoperatively define lesion boundaries. In this case report we present a novel tool to identify FCD intraoperatively. A patient with frontal lobe epilepsy underwent resection of a left frontomesial FCD. Image guidance was achieved by intraoperative ultrasound, which depicted the lesion with a higher resolution than preoperative MRI. Postoperatively the patient remained seizure free. Intraoperative ultrasound may be helpful in identifying and targeting subtle epileptogenic lesions, which are difficult to visualize.
Effects of Carisbamate (RWJ‐333369) in Two Models of Genetically Determined Generalized Epilepsy, the GAERS and the Audiogenic Wistar AS
Authors: François Jennifer , Boehrer Any , Nehlig Astrid 
Published: September 2007

Summary
Purpose: The antiepileptic effects of carisbamate were assessed in two models of genetic epilepsy, a model of absence seizures, the Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rat from Strasbourg (GAERS) and a model of convulsive seizures, the Wistar Audiogenic Sensitive (AS) rat.
Methods: GAERS were equipped with four cortical electrodes over the frontoparietal cortex and the duration of spike‐and‐wave discharges (SWD) was recorded for 20–120 min. In Wistar AS, the occurrence of, latency to, and duration of wild running and tonic seizures were recorded.
Results: In GAERS, carisbamate (10, 30, and 60 mg/kg) dose dependently reduced the expression of SWD that totally disappeared at the two highest doses by 40 min after injection. SWD duration returned to control levels by 100 min after the injection of 30 mg/kg carisbamate while SWDs were totally suppressed for 120 min after the injection of 60 mg/kg carisbamate. In Wistar AS, 10 mg/kg carisbamate increased the latency to the first running episode and induced the occurrence of a second running episode in three of eight rats. This episode was not present in untreated rats and was indicative of decreased sensitivity to the stimulus. This dose of carisbamate increased by 327% the latency to the tonic seizure that still occurred in the six of eight rats studied. At 20 and 30 mg/kg, no rats exhibited any wild running or tonic seizure.
Conclusions: The present results support the broad spectrum of antiepileptic activity of carisbamate confirming its efficacy in animal models of primary generalized seizures of both tonic–clonic and of the absence type.
Post‐traumatic inclusion cysts of the iris: a longterm prospective case series
Authors: Gupta Viney , Rao Aparna , Sinha Ankur , Kumar Neena , Sihota Ramanjit 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  Post‐traumatic cysts of the iris pose a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge for ophthalmic surgeons. This prospective case series highlights the clinical spectrum and longterm outcomes of different modes of treatment in these cases.Methods:  Eleven cases of post‐traumatic iris inclusion cysts, treated with Nd:YAG laser and/or surgical excision were evaluated prospectively over periods ranging from 6 months to 3 years. Ultrasound biomicroscopy features and postoperative outcomes in each were evaluated.Results:  Laser iridotomy of the cyst offers a non‐invasive method of therapy in these cases but has a high rate of recurrence. The outcomes in most cases were poor, with worse results and more complications encountered in younger age groups.Conclusions:  Iris inclusion cysts have overall poor surgical outcomes as the result of the extensive proliferation of epithelial cells, which may explain why the condition takes a rapid course in younger patients and why severe complications are encountered postoperatively in this age group.
Hypoxia: dual effect on the expression of transferrin receptor in human melanoma A375 cell line
Authors: Tao Juan , Liu Ye‐qiang , Li Yan , Peng Ji‐ling , Li Li , Liu Jing , Shen Xin , Shen Guan‐xin , Tu Ya‐ting 
Published: September 2007

Background:  Over‐expression of transferrin receptor (TfR) is a common feature of human malignancies. Therapeutic strategies designed to interfere with tumor iron metabolism have targeted TfR. In previous studies, our laboratory successfully constructed the human–mouse chimeric antibody against TfR and it displayed a tumor‐specificity distribution, and has a strong anti‐tumor effect. We also found that there were still some limitations to anti‐tumor effect in vivo. Oxygen and iron have a very tight relationship, and hypoxia is considered a fundamentally important characteristic of the tumor microenvironment. To exploit the target molecule TfR more rationally and effectively, we were prompted to explore TfR expression under hypoxia.Objective:  To examine the expressing alteration of TfR of human melanoma A375 cell line under hypoxia at various time points (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h).Design:  The expressing alteration of TfR of A375 cell line under hypoxia at various time points (0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 h) was assayed by flow cytometry, real‐time RT‐PCR and Western blot.Results:  Hypoxia has dual effect on the expression of TfR in human melanoma A375 cell line.Conclusions:  These findings may have important implications for more rational, individualized gene‐based therapy using TfR as target receptor in melanoma.
Uterine Cervical Inflammatory Cytokines, Interleukin‐6 and ‐8, as Predictors of Miscarriage in Recurrent Cases
Authors: Hattori Yukio , Nakanishi Tamao , Ozaki Yasuhiko , Nozawa Kyoko , Sato Takeshi , Sugiura‐Ogasawara Mayumi 
Published: September 2007

ProblemInflammatory changes frequently occur in cases of second trimester miscarriage or pre‐term delivery, but little attention has been paid to this association with recurrent miscarriage. As interleukin‐6 and interleukin‐8 are inflammatory cytokines reported to be associated with bacterial vaginosis, intrauterine infections, and pre‐term delivery, we here investigated whether they might have predictive value for spontaneous abortion in recurrent cases.Method of studyCervical mucus and sera were collected at 4–5 weeks’ gestation from a total of 59 patients with a history of two or more unexplained consecutive first trimester miscarriages, and examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Patients then were followed up without medication and their pregnancy outcomes were compared with the test results.ResultsOf a total of 59 patients, 13 (22%) miscarried subsequently. Both IL‐6 and IL‐8 in cervical mucus were significantly higher in patients who miscarried subsequently than in those who had a live birth. In addition, there was no correlation between cervical mucus and serum concentrations of IL‐6 and IL‐8 take at the same time, and there was no relation with serum IL‐6 and IL‐8 levels between the two groups.ConclusionCervical IL‐6 and IL‐8 might have predictive value for cases of recurrent miscarriage.
The Presence of Midkine and its Possible Implication in Human Ovarian Follicles
Authors: Hirota Yasushi , Osuga Yutaka , Nose Emi , Koga Kaori , Yoshino Osamu , Hirata Tetsuya , Yano Tetsu , Tsutsumi Osamu , Sakuma Sadatoshi , Muramatsu Takashi , Taketani Yuji 
Published: September 2007

ProblemOvarian follicles undergo a dynamic change to provide a mature ovum, and the process involves angiogenesis, follicular cell proliferation and leukocyte recruitment. Midkine (MK) is a heparin‐binding growth factor that has angiogenic, mitogenic, and chemotactic activities. In the present study, we investigated the presence of MK and its possible role in human ovarian follicles.Method of studyFollicular fluid (FF) and luteinized granulosa cells (LGC) were collected from women undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer. Expression of MK protein in FF was examined by Western blotting. Concentrations of MK, estradiol and oxygen in FF were measured. 5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay was performed in LGC. Normal ovarian tissues were obtained surgically and used in in‐situ hybridization of MK mRNA.ResultsThe presence of MK protein was verified in FF. MK mRNA was expressed in both granulosa cells and theca cells of large follicles. There is a significant negative correlation between the concentrations of MK and oxygen in FF, and a significant positive correlation between the concentrations of MK and estradiol. MK promoted BrdU uptake in LGC.ConclusionThe present findings imply that hypoxic condition, a characteristic of growing follicles, associates with the production of MK. Given that MK is involved in granulosa cell proliferation and estradiol production in developing follicles, MK may play a role as a local regulator in the human ovary.
Serum Antiendometrial Antibodies and Diagnosis of Endometriosis
Authors: Randall Gary W. , Gantt Pickens A. , Poe‐Zeigler Robin L. , Bergmann Cynthia A. , Noel Marshall E. , Strawbridge Wendy R. , Richardson‐Cox Barbara , Hereford John R. , Reiff Robert H. 
Published: September 2007

ProblemThe purpose of the present prospective multi‐center study is to investigate the relationship between laparoscopic diagnosis of endometriosis and results of a serum antiendometrial antibody (AEA) assay.Method of studyIndirect immunofluorescence detection of AEA was performed on serum specimens from patients presenting with dysmenorrhea or chronic pelvic pain and infertility (n = 2609) utilizing frozen sections of endometrium acquired on cycle days 18–21 from normally cycling women without endometriosis. Diagnostic laparoscopy was performed within 1 year of AEA assay on 527 tested women.ResultsThe relationship between the serum AEA and laparoscopic verification was characterized by a positive predictive value = 88%, negative predictive value = 86%, sensitivity = 87% and specificity = 87%.ConclusionThe AEA assay is a very good screening test for patients suspected of having endometriosis and should be utilized prior to laparoscopy in diagnostic categories of dysmenorrhea or chronic pelvic pain and infertility.
Field overwintering biology of Spiroplasma kunkelii (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) and its vector Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Moya‐Raygoza G. , Palomera‐Avalos V. , Galaviz‐Mejia C. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe studied the corn stunt spiroplasma (CSS), Spiroplasma kunkelii (Mycoplasmatales: Spiroplasmataceae) and its vector the corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) under field conditions in Mexico. We surveyed for the presence of CSS in D. maidis by using PCR on samples of adults collected during the 2000–01 and 2003–04 winter (dry) seasons from irrigated low‐elevation sites and un‐irrigated high‐elevation sites. Also, we determined the body size and number of mature eggs of D. maidis females collected during the dry season in 2004 and in females collected on maize seedlings in the first months (June and July) of the wet (summer) season in 2005. Our PCR results showed that CSS was present in leafhopper adults collected during the 2000–01 and 2003–04 dry seasons in irrigated low‐elevation sites. However, in un‐irrigated high‐elevation sites, CSS was present in corn leafhopper adults caught before, but not during, the dry seasons. In these un‐irrigated high‐elevation sites, adult leafhoppers without CSS were recovered during the first 2 months (November and December) of the dry season from the foliage of wild perennial grasses. Females collected on wild perennial grasses in December 2004 showed similar head width and wing length to females caught on maize seedlings in June 2005. However, females collected on maize seedlings in July 2005 had the widest heads, longest wings and highest number of mature eggs. The largest body size of these females that arrived in July 2005 indicates that they are immigrants and support the Roff’s hypothesis that insect migrants should be larger than nonmigrants.
Constraining white dwarf kicks in globular clusters
Authors: Heyl Jeremy 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The wind of an asymptotic giant branch star is sufficiently strong that if it is slightly asymmetric, it can propel the star outside the open cluster of its birth or significantly alter its trajectory through a globular cluster. Therefore, if these stellar winds are asymmetric, one would expect a deficit of white dwarfs of all ages in open clusters and for young white dwarfs to be less radially concentrated than either their progenitors or older white dwarfs in globular clusters. This latter effect has recently been observed. Hence detailed studies of the radial distribution of young white dwarfs in globular clusters could provide a unique probe of mass loss on the asymptotic giant branch and during the formation of planetary nebulae both as a function of metallicity and for a limited range of stellar mass.
Sperm whale depredation of sablefish longline gear in the northeast Pacific Ocean
Authors: Sigler Michael F. , Lunsford Chris R. , Straley Janice M. , Liddle Joseph B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInteractions between marine mammals and fisheries include competition for prey (catch), marine mammal entanglement in fishing gear, and catch removal off fishing gear (depredation). We estimated the magnitude of sperm whale depredation on a major North Pacific longline fishery (sablefish) using data collected during annual longline surveys. Sperm whale depredation occurs while the longline gear is off‐bottom during retrieval. Sperm whales were observed on 16% of longline survey sampling days, mostly (95% of sightings) over the continental slope. Sightings were most common in the central and eastern Gulf of Alaska (98% of sightings), occasional in the western Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands, and absent in the Bering Sea. Longline survey catches were commonly preyed upon when sperm whales were present (65% of sightings), as evidenced by damaged fish. Neither sperm whale presence (P= 0.71) nor depredation rate (P= 0.78) increased significantly from 1998 to 2004. Longline survey catch rates were about 2% less at locations where depredation was observed, but the effect was not significant (P= 0.34). Estimated sperm whale depredation was <1% of the annual sablefish longline fishery catch off Alaska during 1998 to 2004.
OCCURRENCE, COMPOSITION, AND POTENTIAL FUNCTIONS OF NORTH ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALE (EUBALAENA GLACIALIS) SURFACE ACTIVE GROUPS
Authors: Parks Susan E. , Brown Moira W. , Conger Lisa A. , Hamilton Philip K. , Knowlton Amy R. , Kraus Scott D. , Slay Christopher K. , Tyack Peter L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractMarine mammal social interactions are poorly understood primarily because of the difficulty of observing these behaviors in the wild. Observations of copulations in North Atlantic right whale surface active groups (SAGs) have led to the hypothesis that the function of these groups is for conception. The occurrence and composition of SAGs sighted from 1992 to 2001 were investigated on the basis of age, sex, and reproductive status of individuals. A total of 918 SAG events were documented. SAGs were observed in all habitat areas and in all months in which right whales were sighted. Group compositions revealed both potentially conceptive groups and nonconceptive groups. Of right whales whose age was known, 93% were first sighted in SAGs as juveniles, and more than half of all observed groups contained at least one juvenile whale. The group composition and timing of occurrence of SAGs do not support the hypothesis that all groups serve a purely conceptive function. Their functional role is likely much broader. Other potential functions include play, mating practice, or maintenance of social bonds.
Treatment of lobar atelectasis with bronchoscopically administered recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in cystic fibrosis?
Authors: McLaughlin Anne Marie , McGrath Emmet , Barry Rupert , Egan Jim J. , Gallagher Charles G. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIntroduction:  Recombinant human deoxyribonuclease (rhDNase) reduces sputum viscosity and improves pulmonary function in cystic fibrosis (CF).Objective:  The objective of this study was to describe our experience in which rhDNase (Pulmozyme; Roche, Basel, Switzerland) was administered by bronchoscopic instillation into atelectatic lobes in five adults with CF.Conclusion:  We found this method successful in treating lobar atelectasis, which was resistant to conventional therapy with antibiotics and physiotherapy. In all but one of the cases we described, administration of DNase in this manner resulted in a radiographic and clinical improvement of the atelectasis. We recommend that respiratory physicians consider this as a second line treatment in the management of atelectasis.Please cite this paper as: McLaughlin AM, McGrath E, Barry R, Egan JJ and Gallagher CG. Treatment of lobar atelectasis with bronchoscopically administered recombinant human deoxyribonuclease in cystic fibrosis? The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 123–126.
Effect of treatment with interferon α‐2b and ribavirin in patients infected with genotype 2 hepatitis C virus
Authors: Nagase Yoshihiko , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Okuse Chiaki , Yasuda Kiyomi , Kato Tomohiro , Koike Kazuhiko , Suzuki Michihiro , Nishioka Kusuki , Iino Shiro , Itoh Fumio 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  Nearly 20% of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients with genotype 2 hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are not curable, even by interferon (IFN)–ribavirin combination therapy. The aim of this study is to investigate the factors that determine the efficacy of combination therapy in patients with genotype 2 HCV infection.Methods:  Fifty patients with CHC who underwent a treatment of 6 MU IFN α‐2b with ribavirin for 24 weeks were retrospectively analyzed.Results:  All the patients showed no serum HCV‐RNA within 12 weeks after starting the therapy. Forty‐one of the 50 patients (82%) achieved a sustained virological response (SVR). The age, sex, genotype (2a vs. 2b) and grade/stage of the liver by histopathology and pretreatment viral load werenot different between the sustained responders and relapsers. Univariate analysis showed that an earlier viral clearance from blood and a larger number of amino acid substitutions in the interferon sensitivity determining region (ISDR) were predictors of SVR. Multivariate analysis showed that a large number of amino acid substitutions in the ISDR was a predictor of SVR.Conclusion:  The characterization of the amino acid sequences of ISDR may be helpful for predicting a relapse after combination therapy in patients with genotype 2 HCV infection.
Hepatocyte steatosis in HCV patients promotes fibrosis by enhancing TGF‐β liver expression
Authors: Gabriel Andrzej , Ziólkowski Adam , Radlowski Pawel , Tomaszek Krzysztof , Dziambor Andrzej 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between TGF‐β expression in steatotic liver and the stage and yearly progression rate of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients.Methods:  We examined 44 CHC fatty liver patients, using 76 non‐steatotic CHC patients as controls. The stage of hepatic fibrosis was assessed on a score scale. TGF‐β expression was determined with the use of monoclonal serum and the ABC three‐step method.Results:  We demonstrated a positive correlation of steatosis with the stage of fibrosis (P < 0.05). No relationship of thiskind was found with the yearly progression rate of fibrosis (P > 0.09). In steatotic biopsies, TGF‐β expression index in portal spaces and lobules was found to be higher as compared to TGF‐β expression in biopsies without steatosis (P < 0.05).Conclusion:  In CHC patients steatosis induces the development of fibrosis by elevating the hepatic expression of TGF‐β.