bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnobotanical study of traditional medicinal plants used to treat human ailments by the local people of the Diga District, western Ethiopia
Authors: Berihun Tariku , Asfaw Zemde , Lulekal Ermias , Bekele Tamrat 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Plants serve as indispensable sources of traditional medicine for more than 80% of the world's population for the treatment and prevention of various human ailments. The current work was conducted to study the status of traditional medicinal plants and herbal medicine in the traditional healthcare practices of the local community of Diga District/Woreda.
Methods
The information and data provided by 399 informants were collected via semistructured interviews and six focus group discussions. Ethnobotanical analytical methods, including the use value (UV), cultural importance index (CI), fidelity level (FL), informant census factor (ICF), Smith’s salience index (SS) and relative frequency of citation (RFC), were used to analyze the data.
Results
During the investigation, 109 different medicinal plants from 98 genera and 48 families were reported to treat 54 different human ailments. Leaves were the most frequently (46.78%) selected parts for use in herbal formulations. In herbal preparation, crushing is the most commonly utilized method, whereas powdering is the least popular method. Skin diseases exhibited the highest informant consensus factor (ICF = 0.97) and were treated with 14 different plant species. Cucumis ficifolius also had the highest relative citation frequency (RFC = 0.88). Agricultural expansion is recognized as the main cause contributing to the degradation of ethnomedicinal plants.
Conclusion
This study identified various medicinal plant species used to treat human ailments, particularly skin and gastrointestinal problems. Leaves and roots are the most commonly utilized plant parts, but there is a lack of conservation efforts in the study area. Therefore, the findings highlight the importance of conserving and screening key plant species through phytochemical and pharmacological analysis to authenticate indigenous ethnomedicinal practice
Implications of comprehensive nuclear and astrophysics data on the equations of state of neutron star matter
Authors: I Sk Md Adil , Malik Tuhin , Providência Constança , Agrawal B. K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The equations of state (EoSs) governing neutron star (NS) matter obtained for both non-relativistic and relativistic mean-field models are systematically confronted with a diverse set of terrestrial data and astrophysical observations within the Bayesian framework. The terrestrial data, spans from bulk properties of finite nuclei to the heavy-ion collisions, constrain the symmetric nuclear matter EoS and the symmetry energy up to twice the saturation density (ρ0= 0.16 fm−3). The astrophysical observations encompass the NS radius, the tidal deformability, and the lower bound on maximum mass. Three distinct posterior distributions of EoSs are generated by gradually updating the priors with different constraints: (i) only the maximum NS mass, (ii) incorporating additional terrestrial data, (iii) combining both the terrestrial data and astrophysical observations. These EoS distributions are then compared using the Kullback-Liebler divergence which highlights the significant constraints imposed on the EoSs by the currently available lower bound of NS maximum mass and terrestrial data. The remaining astrophysical observations marginally refine the EoS within the density range ∼ 2-3ρ0. It is observed that the relativistic mean field model yields stiffer EoS around the saturation density, but predict smaller values of the speed of sound and proton fraction in the interior of massive stars.
Efficacy of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors for Headache in Acute Brain Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Comparan Hector David Meza , Khaliq Anum , Frota Luciola Martins , Pomar-Forero Daniela , Ahmad Bakhtawar , Marnet Erica , Teixeira Fernanda J.P. , Thomas Anita , Patel Priyank , Brunkal Haley , Singireddy Saanvi , Lucke-Wold Brandon , Maciel Carolina B. , Busl Katharina M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Headache management after acute brain injury (ABI) is challenging. While opioids are commonly used, selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COXIBs) may be promising alternatives. However, concerns about cardiovascular effects and bleeding risk have limited their use. We aimed at summarizing available data on efficacy of COXIBs for headache management following ABI.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted through MEDLINE and Embase for articles published through 09/2023 (PROSPERO CRD42022320453). No language filters were applied to the initial searches. Interventional or observational studies and systematic reviews assessing efficacy of COXIBs for headache in adults with ABI were eligible. Article selection was performed by two independent reviewers using Distiller SR®. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis, while meta-analysis was unfeasible due to study heterogeneity.
Results: Of 3190 articles identified, six studies met inclusion criteria: four randomized controlled trials and two retrospective cohort studies, all conducted in neurosurgical patients (total n=738) between 2006-2022. Five studies used COXIBs in the intervention group only. Of the six studies, four found a reduction in overall pain scores in the intervention group, while one showed improvement only at 6 hours postoperative, and one did not find significant differences. Pain scores decreased between 4-15%, the largest shift being from moderate to mild severity. Three studies found an overall opioid use reduction throughout hospitalization in the intervention group, while one reported a reduction at 12 hours postoperative only. Opioid consumption decreased between 9-90%. Two studies found a decrease in hospital-length-of-stay by ~1 day in the intervention group. The one study reporting postoperative hemorrhage found a statistically non-significant 3% reduction in the intervention group.
Conclusions: In adults with ABI, COXIBs may serve as opioid-sparing adjunctive analgesics for headache control, with limited but pointed data to indicate efficacy in the post-neurosurgical setting. However, further safety data remains to be elucidated.
Should I stay or should I go – a qualitative assessment of experiences of recent veterinary graduates in bovine practice
Authors: Gibbons Pippa M. S. , Koziol Jennifer H. , Schmidt Marcelo , Cummings Daniel B. , Sacquitne Cody , Hake Marissa 
Published: April 2024

Twenty-three recent graduates (< 8 years in practice) participating in the 2022 AABP Recent Graduate Conference or practicing in the Texas Panhandle were recruited for participation in focus groups to engage in dialogue about why they choose to remain in bovine practice, why they might leave bovine practice, and challenges that they face in bovine practice. All focus groups were recorded and transcribed. Transcription was performed by a commercial source and anonymized for analysis. Full coding and thematic analysis were performed utilizing NVivo software.
Recent graduates report that they choose to stay in bovine practice because they love the industry and the associated people. They have a deep respect for their clients and how they care for their animals. However, participants did voice concerns about a career-ending injury causing them to completely leave bovine practice. Multiple participants had already sustained injuries due to the physical demands of bovine practice including a back injury, numbness of arms and hands, and diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Otherconcerns that were voiced by the participants included unmet needs for mentorship, a feeling of loneliness and isolation, percentage of time spent on-call, and gender inequities in practice.
Predicting immunization status at arrival in Tennessee stocker calves
Authors: Hunkler Claire , Schneider Liesel L. , Strickland Lew , Caldwell Marc , Rowan Troy 
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to test if externally observed physical char­acteristics of calves on arrival at a stocker facility could be used to predict calfhood immunization status based on ob­served antibody titer levels. Knowledge of highly correlated features could allow stocker operators to mitigate the risk of bovine respiratory disease through informed buying practices and targeted management strategies, thus lowering morbidi­ty, mortality and treatment costs. Ear notches, blood and visu­al attributes were collected for 408 stocker calves at 4 farms in Tennessee. Each animal was tested for bovine viral diarrhea vi­rus-persistently infected status and titer levels for 3 viral agents that are present in most respiratory disease vaccines. Multiple visual characteristics were predictive of likely vaccination for BRD-causing agents, including the presence of a prior ear tag (1.6 times), castrated males (1.26 times), polled cattle (4.8 times), body condition score (1.46 times per full score), and being de­clared vaccinated or preconditioned (2.2 times).
Additionally, we followed 60 calves through the stocker phase to ascertain how preconditioning affected downstream health events and performance. We found that preconditioned calves had lower BRD incidence, a higher occurrence of multiple detectible viral titers, and gained more weight over 56 days than did naïve cattle. Interestingly, many calves marketed as preconditioned did not have detectible viral titers on arrival. This work identifies informed, practical solutions and man­agement decisions for stocker operations when purchasing calves. It also lays the groundwork for future work identifying ways to deliver precision management to stocker cattle.
Methods of processing recycled manure solids bedding on Midwest dairy farms II: Relationships between bedding characteristics and bedding bacterial count
Authors: Peña Mosca Felipe , Godden Sandra , Royster Erin , Crooker Brian A. , Timmerman Jenny 
Published: April 2024

The first objective of this study was to identify bedding characteristics associated with bedding bacterial count (BBC) in ready-to-use (RTU) recycled manure solids (RMS). The second objective was to explore the association between processing method and bedding characteristics in RTU solids. A third objective was to investigate factors associated with BBC in used solids (after placed in stalls). This observational study recruited 29 premises in Minnesota and Wisconsin. Farms were visited twice, once in August of 2019 and again in January of 2020. At each visit, the herd manager/owner completed a questionnaire describing facilities, bedding and manure management, and mastitis control practices. Additionally, pre-processed RTU and used bedding samples were collected for determination of BBC (coliforms, Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus or Streptococcus-like organisms and Staphylococcus spp.) and bedding characteristics (dry matter [DM]), organic matter [OM], water soluble carbohydrates, total nitrogen, soluble nitrogen and pH). Mixed linear regression showed that increased DM, decreased OM and RMS processing method were all associated with reduced BBC in RTU RMS samples. Processing method for RMS was associated with DM, total nitrogen and soluble nitrogen, but not other characteristics in RTU RMS samples. Low BBC in RTU solids, decreased OM in RTU solids, and use of deep bedding systems were associated with lower BBC in used RMS. Implications for these findings are that producers should strive to put clean and high DM fresh (RTU) bedding into stalls. Monitoring BBC and DM in RTU solids may be of value for producers using RMS bedding.
Longitudinal Monitoring of Clinician-Patient Video Visits During the Peak of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Adoption and Sustained Challenges in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Authors: Palakshappa Jessica A , Hale Erica R , Brown Joshua D , Kittel Carol A , Dressler Emily , Rosenthal Gary E , Cutrona Sarah L , Foley Kristie L , Haines Emily R , Houston II Thomas K 
Published: April 2024

Background
Numerous prior opinion papers, administrative electronic health record data studies, and cross-sectional surveys of telehealth during the pandemic have been published, but none have combined assessments of video visit success monitoring with longitudinal assessments of perceived challenges to the rapid adoption of video visits during the pandemic.

Objective
This study aims to quantify (1) the use of video visits (compared with in-person and telephone visits) over time during the pandemic, (2) video visit successful connection rates, and (3) changes in perceived video visit challenges.

Methods
A web-based survey was developed for the dual purpose of monitoring and improving video visit implementation in our health care system during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey included questions regarding rates of in-person, telephone, and video visits for clinician-patient encounters; the rate of successful connection for video visits; and perceived challenges to video visits (eg, software, hardware, bandwidth, and technology literacy). The survey was distributed via email to physicians, advanced practice professionals, and clinicians in May 2020. The survey was repeated in March 2021. Differences between the 2020 and 2021 responses were adjusted for within-respondent correlation across surveys and tested using generalized estimating equations.

Results
A total of 1126 surveys were completed (511 surveys in 2020 and 615 surveys in 2021). In 2020, only 21.7% (73/336) of clinicians reported no difficulty connecting with patients during video visits and 28.6% (93/325) of clinicians reported no difficulty in 2021. The distribution of the percentage of successfully connected video visits (“Over the past two weeks of scheduled visits, what percentage did you successfully connect with patients by video?”) was not significantly different between 2020 and 2021 (P=.74). Challenges in conducting video visits persisted over time. Poor connectivity was the most common challenge reported by clinicians. This response increased over time, with 30.5% (156/511) selecting it as a challenge in 2020 and 37.1% (228/615) in 2021 (P=.01). Patients not having access to their electronic health record portals was also a commonly reported challenge (109/511, 21.3% in 2020 and 137/615, 22.3% in 2021, P=.73).

Conclusions
During the pandemic, our health care delivery system rapidly adopted synchronous patient-clinician communication using video visits. As experience with video visits increased, the reported failure rate did not significantly decline, and clinicians continued to report challenges related to general network connectivity and patient access to technology.
Experience of using different schemes of eradication therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection and their effectiveness in Ukraine
Authors: Chernyavskyi V.V. , Pavlovskyi L.L. , Reshotko D.O. 
Published: April 2024

Background. The resistance of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) to antibacterial drugs has increased in recent years. This is primarily due to the unwarranted use of antibiotics, as demonstra­ted by the recent COVID-19 pandemic. The choice of the optimal regimen and duration of treatment are current issues today. The aim: retrospective study on the effectiveness of 14-day H.pylori eradication regimens used in 2022–2023 and comparison of their effectiveness and safety with those of 10-day regimens used in 2020–2021 in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The data of 242 patients (123 men and 119 women) aged 18 to 65 years with chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer of the duodenum and stomach associated with H.pylori were analyzed retrospectively. All patients were treated with standard regimens according to the Maastricht V and VI Consensus. H.pylori infection was confirmed by a rapid urease test, determination of fecal antigen and histologically. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that 10-day regimens with triple therapy had an efficiency of 80–81 %. The effectiveness of a 14-day triple therapy with esomeprazole and lansoprazole was significantly higher compared to a 10-day regimen, 85 and 86 %, respectively (p < 0.05). Howe­ver, the frequency of side effects was higher with a 14-day therapy. A 10-day triple regimen with levofloxacin compared to a standard 10-day triple therapy had the lowest efficacy of 78 %. But when levofloxacin therapy was increased to 14 days, its effectiveness became comparable to that of a 14-day triple therapy, 85 %. The highest efficiency was demonstrated by a 10-day and 14-day therapy with furazolidone, which was added to amoxicillin and levofloxacin: 95 and 97.8%, respectively. Conclusions. The effectiveness of schemes with clarithromycin in Ukraine remains high. Taking drugs for 14 days increases the percentage of H.pylori eradication and the frequency of unwanted effects. Addition of furazolidone to levofloxacin and amo­xicillin increases the rate of successful H.pylori eradication.
Oxidative stress as one of the pathogenetic mechanisms of hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Faiura O.P. , Tolopko S.Y. , Abrahamovych M.O. , Ferko M.R. , Bilous Z.O. , Guta S.I. , Abrahamovych O.O. 
Published: April 2024

Background. Hepatopulmonary syndrome is one of the most dangerous syntropies in case of liver cirrhosis. Consequently, it is important to determine the role of oxidative stress, acid-base balance and ventilation-perfusion disorders as factors of hepatopulmonary syndrome development in cirrhotic patients. Materials and methods. We included 44 cirrhotic patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome verified according to the patented Method for diagnosing degrees of hepatopulmonary syndrome severity in patients with liver cirrhosis. In addition to the traditional examinations, we determined the gas composition parameters in venous blood, acid-base balance parameters, catalase activity and malondialdehyde level in all the patients. The received material was processed on a personal computer using Excel 2010, Statistica 6.0, RStudio v. 1.1.442 and R Commander v. 2.4-4. Results. Analysis of blood gas parameters revealed the reliability of the difference for PCO2 (р = 0.03) depending on the class of liver cirrhosis severity. Also, with the liver cirrhosis severity increase, the malondialdehyde level increased, and catalase decreased. Moreover, significant inverse relationships between malondialdehyde content and PCO2 (p = 0.039), HCO3 (p = 0.039), TCO2 (p = 0.036), Beb (p = 0.049), BEecf (p = 0.043) were found resulting in hypocapnia and partially compensated metabolic acidosis. The found direct correlation between malondialdehyde level and AaDO2 (p = 0.044) indicates the arteriovenous pulmonary shunts, ventilation-perfusion disorders. The absence of catalase content changes can obviously be explained by the fact that its activity can be partially compensatory maintained. Conclusions. In patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome, the peroxidation activity enhances with an increase in the liver cirrhosis severity, resulting in the redox homeostasis imbalance, leading to the ventilation-perfusion disorders and partially compensated metabolic acidosis.
Síndrome de burnout, conflitos, trabalho emocional: perfil discriminante entre líderes e liderados
Authors: Engers Taube Michele , Carlotto Mary Sandra , Gonçalves Câmara Sheila 
Published: April 2024

Trabalhadores, tanto líderes como liderados, têm sido expostos a diversos estressores ocupacionais que, quando persistentes, podem ocasionar a síndrome de burnout. O estudo teve como objetivo explorar a diferença entre o grupo de trabalhadores líderes e liderados no que diz respeito às dimensões da síndrome de burnout (ilusão pelo trabalho, desgaste psíquico, indolência, culpa), Conflito no trabalho (conflito cognitivo com foco na tarefa, conflito emocional com foco na tarefa, conflito emocional com foco no relacionamento) e Trabalho emocional (demanda, dissonância). A amostra foi constituída por 628 trabalhadores, 247 líderes e 381 liderados, que responderam ao Spanish Burnout Inventory, à Escala de Conflito Triplo, duas subescalas de Trabalho Emocional: Demanda emocional e Dissonância emocional e um questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais. Os dados foram analisados mediante análise discriminante. O perfil discriminante revelou que o grupo dos líderes se diferenciou por ter apresentado mais conflito emocional com foco na tarefa e demanda emocional; o grupo de liderados apresentou maior indolência, ilusão pelo trabalho e culpa. Os resultados possibilitam sugerir ações diferenciadas para os grupos investigados.
Фотоны. Периодический процесс вместо волнового
Authors: Чеснаков Михаил 
Published: April 2024

В статье показано, что применение модели гипотетического Фотона, не обладающего волновыми свойствами, тем не менее, объясняет причину когерентности Фотонов за щелью, отвечает на вопрос о механизме возникновения дифракционных максимумов и указывает на связь интерференционных явлений с квантовыми эффектами. В статье утверждается, что дифракция – это не волновой процесс, а периодический процесс сложения положительных амплитуд. Кроме того, дается объяснение поведению Фотона в пространстве, уточняются принципы относительности движения и особенности энергетического взаимодействия при движении частиц.
The paper shows that the application of the model of a hypothetical Photon, which does not possess wave properties, nevertheless, explains the reason for the coherence of Photons behind the slit, answers the question about the mechanism of the appearance of diffraction maxima, and indicates the connection between interference phenomena and quantum effects. The paper argues that diffraction is not a wave process, but a periodic process of addition of positive amplitudes. In addition, an explanation is given for the behavior of the Photon in space, the principles of relativity of motion and the features of energy interaction during the movement of particles are clarified.