bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi-pole solitons and breathers for a nonlocal Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation with non-zero boundary conditions
Authors: Qin Mingke , Du Zhong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Utilizing the Riemann-Hilbert approach, we study the inverse scattering transformation, as well as multi-pole solitons and breathers, for a nonlocal Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation with non-zero boundary conditions at infinity. Beginning with the Lax pair, we introduce the uniformization variable to simplify both the direct and inverse problems on the two-sheeted Riemann surface. In the direct scattering problem, we systematically demonstrate the analyticity, asymptotic behaviors and symmetries of the Jost functions and scattering matrix. By solving the corresponding matrix Riemann-Hilbert problem, we work out the multi-pole solutions expressed as determinants for the reflectionless potential. Based on the parameter modulation, the dynamical properties of the simple-, double- and triple-pole solutions are investigated. In the defocusing cases, we show abundant simple-pole solitons including dark solitons, anti-dark-dark solitons, double-hump solitons, as well as double- and triple-pole solitons. In addition, the asymptotic expressions for the double-pole soliton solutions are presented. In the focusing cases, we illustrate the propagations of simple-pole, double-pole, and triple-pole breathers. Furthermore, the multi-pole breather solutions can be reduced to the bright soliton solutions for the focusing nonlocal Lakshmanan-Porsezian-Daniel equation.
Cosmological electromagnetic Hopfions
Authors: Hojman Sergio A , Asenjo Felipe A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is shown that any mathematical solution for null electromagnetic field knots in flat spacetime is also a null field knotted solution for cosmological electromagnetic fields. This is obtained by replacing the time t → τ = ∫dt/a, where a = a(t) is the scale factor of the Universe described by the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) cosmology, and by adequately rewriting the (empty flat spacetimes) electromagnetic fields solutions in a medium defined by the FLRW metric. We found that the dispersion (evolution) of electromagnetic Hopfions is faster on cosmological scenarios. We discuss the implications of these results for different cosmological models.
Prompt neutron emission in 250No spontaneous fission associated with ground and isomeric state decays
Authors: Mukhin R.S. , Isaev A.V. , Andreev A.V. , Chelnokov M.L. , Chepigin V.I. , Devaraja H.M. , Izosimov I.N. , Kuznetsova A.A. , Malyshev O.N. , Popeko A.G. , Popov Yu.A. , Rahmatinejad A. , Sailaubekov B. , Shneidman T.M. , Sokol E.A. , Svirikhin A.I. , Tezekbayeva M.S. , Bychkov M.A. , Yeremin A.V. , Dorvaux O. , Gall B. , Kessaci K. , Hauschild K. , Lopez-Martens A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The complete-fusion reaction 204Pb(48Ca,2n)250No was used to study two activities of 250No with distinct half-lives. A total of 1357 events were observed in the SFiNx neutron detection system. The average number of neutrons emitted per spontaneous fission of 250No was determined to be

. The unusually symmetrical shape of the prompt neutron multiplicity distribution was restored and presented for the first time. Statistical tests were performed to compare the prompt neutron multiplicity distributions associated with the ground state and K-isomer state decays.
Event detection and classification from multimodal time series with application to neural data
Authors: Sadras Nitin , Pesaran Bijan , Shanechi Maryam M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The detection of events in time-series data is a common signal-processing problem. When the data can be modeled as a known template signal with an unknown delay in Gaussian noise, detection of the template signal can be done with a traditional matched filter. However, in many applications, the event of interest is represented in multimodal data consisting of both Gaussian and point-process time series. Neuroscience experiments, for example, can simultaneously record multimodal neural signals such as local field potentials (LFPs), which can be modeled as Gaussian, and neuronal spikes, which can be modeled as point processes. Currently, no method exists for event detection from such multimodal data, and as such our objective in this work is to develop a method to meet this need. Here we address this challenge by developing the multimodal event detector (MED) algorithm which simultaneously estimates event times and classes. To do this, we write a multimodal likelihood function for Gaussian and point-process observations and derive the associated maximum likelihood estimator of simultaneous event times and classes. We additionally introduce a cross-modal scaling parameter to account for model mismatch in real datasets. We validate this method in extensive simulations as well as in a neural spike-LFP dataset recorded during an eye-movement task, where the events of interest are eye movements with unknown times and directions. We show that the MED can successfully detect eye movement onset and classify eye movement direction. Further, the MED successfully combines information across data modalities, with multimodal performance exceeding unimodal performance. This method can facilitate applications such as the discovery of latent events in multimodal neural population activity and the development of brain-computer interfaces for naturalistic settings without constrained tasks or prior knowledge of event times.
A calibration-free c-VEP based BCI employing narrow-band random sequences
Authors: Zheng Li , Dong Yida , Tian Sen , Pei Weihua , Gao Xiaorong , Wang Yijun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Code-modulated visual evoked potential (c-VEP) based brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) exhibit high encoding efficiency. Nevertheless, the majority of c-VEP based BCIs necessitate an initial training or calibration session, particularly when the number of targets expands, which impedes the practicality. To address this predicament, this study introduces a calibration-free c-VEP based BCI employing narrow-band random sequences. Approach. For the encoding method, a series of random sequences were generated within a specific frequency band. The c-VEP signals were subsequently elicited through the application of on-type grid flashes that were modulated by these sequences. For the calibration-free decoding algorithm, filter-bank canonical correlation analysis (FBCCA) was utilized with the reference templates generated from the original sequences. Thirty-five subjects participated into an online BCI experiment. The performances of c-VEP based BCIs utilizing narrow-band random sequences with frequency bands of 15–25 Hz (NBRS-15) and 8–16 Hz (NBRS-8) were compared with that of a steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) based BCI within a frequency range of 8–15.8 Hz. Main results. The offline analysis results demonstrated a substantial correlation between the c-VEPs and the original narrow-band random sequences. After parameter optimization, the calibration-free system employing the NBRS-15 frequency band achieved an average information transfer rate (ITR) of 78.56 ± 37.03 bits/min, which exhibited no significant difference compared to the performance of the SSVEP based system when utilizing FBCCA. The proposed system achieved an average ITR of 102.1 ± 57.59 bits/min in a simulation of a 1000-target BCI system. Significance. This study introduces a novel calibration-free c-VEP based BCI system employing narrow-band random sequences and shows great potential of the proposed system in achieving a large number of targets and high ITR.
Exploring machine vision measurements through innovative cyclic-lead-follower statistical technique: an experimental study
Authors: Zende Rohit V , Pawade Raju S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In metrology systems, machine vision systems are often utilized for non-contact inspection. The most important phase in ensuring measurement accuracy is camera calibration and estimation of pixel measurement errors, which establish the correspondence between image coordinates and object coordinates. Multiple calibration techniques improve the effectiveness of machine vision systems. However, a number of factors lead to variations in the camera calibration procedure, which must be optimized. This study explains a novel ‘Cyclic-Lead-Follower’ statistical methodology proposed for camera calibration and measurement to estimate the errors in pixel measurement, employing four slip gauges for measurement. Several multi-criteria decision-making techniques, including WSM, WPM, WASPAS, and TOPSIS, were used to optimize the results of the proposed Cyclic-Lead-Follower methods. The proposed Cyclic-Lead-Follower method improves the accuracy of the camera calibration and measurement system, which employs the exponential moving average statistical method when compared to the traditional calibration method. The proposed calibration method produces lower exponential moving average values than the traditional calibration method, with an average percentage error of approximately 46% in the exponential moving average. The use of an exponential moving average in a validation experiment of the Cyclic-Lead-Follower method decreased the measurement percentage errors, which were estimated to be 0.57%. The proposed method can be used in machine vision systems due to its robustness, accuracy, and cost-effectiveness.
Dreaming, Perception, and Knowledge in Plato’s Theaetetus and Vasubandhu’s Twenty Verses
Authors: Aufderheide Joachim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the relevance of the philosophical use of dreaming for the examination of the thesis that knowledge is perception. It begins by studying the position attributed to Protagoras in Plato’s Theaetetus, according to which the perceptual experiences we have when dreaming count as knowledge. It argues that this position requires two different subjects in the two different contexts of cognition (dreaming and waking). It contends that Vasubandhu’s use of dreaming in the Twenty Verses—to show that perception without external objects is possible—can help make sense of Protagorean perception. It raises the problem that both positions struggle to align their metaphysics with the phenomenology of perception. With the help of dreaming, Vasubandhu can explain how transformation may yield perceptual knowledge (in the form of buddha-vision). No such transformation is possible for a Protagorean because the different subjects inhabiting different cognitive contexts are not causally related.
Causal Pluralism in Vasubandhu and Plato
Authors: Kamtekar Rachana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While causation is central to the philosophy of both Buddhism and Platonism, understanding Plato’s and Vasubandhu’s accounts of causation requires stepping back from the modern mainstream view that causes are conditions on which effects depend, whether these are necessary and/or sufficient conditions. Some philosophers and psychologists have recently argued that we have, in addition to this concept of cause as “dependence,” a concept of cause as “productive,” viz., as a power to produce an effect. These causal pluralists claim that both concepts are needed to account for the full range of our causal judgments. This chapter argues that Vasubandhu’s generic account of cause in the Abhidharmakośabhāṣya embraces the two concepts insofar as it counts both producers and absences as causes, and that his discussion of the Buddha’s two formulas for dependent origination distinguishes dependence from productive causes, while Plato elaborates in the Phaedo a productive concept of cause on the model of a craft, promoting craft-intelligence to the role of the cause and subordinating dependence conditions to the role of the craftsman’s necessary materials and tools.
Unity and Predication in Plato’s Parmenides and Nāgārjuna’s Root Verses
Authors: Livingston Paul M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers in parallel some main argumentative strategies of Nāgārjuna’s Root Verses and the “dialectical exercise” of Plato’s Parmenides. It argues that both can be seen as critically targeting the unity that is attributed to entities as coherent and individual subjects of predication. In particular, both show that it is incoherent to suppose any such subject either has the relevant kind of unity or (lacking such a unity) does not exist at all. This suggests that we may reject familiar analyses of the contradictory or paradoxical conclusions of both arguments as pointing either toward a superior and consistent structure of logical categories or toward a transcendent insight into the ineffable. Instead, we may see both as pointing, rather, to a possible overcoming of the “habit” of reifying conceptualization that is deep-seated in ordinary language and practice, and thereby to the potential soteriological benefits of such an overcoming.
Paradox, Not Contradiction
Authors: Harter Pierre-Julien 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter explores the strategies and models Plotinus and Bhāviveka use to give its due to the claim that reality, conceived as the intelligible and the ultimate respectively, is non-discursive, while at the same time attempting to say something about it. Although the two authors offer contrasting models, they agree in distinguishing, not always explicitly, between ineffability, a characterization that keeps what it qualifies utterly out of the reach of language, and non-discursivity, which leaves room for things resistant to language to be amenable to language nonetheless. By providing a model to talk about the non-discursive, the two authors safeguard the practice of philosophical inquiry. But by qualifying the intelligible and the ultimate as non-discursive, they also retain a sense of the deficiency of language, in both metaphysical and soteriological terms, pointing at the necessity of transformation the philosopher should commit to if she is to attain the intelligible or the ultimate.
The Philosopher Returns to Saṃsāra
Authors: Harris Stephen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fifth-century bce Greek philosopher Plato and the eighth-century ce Mādhyamika Buddhist philosopher Śāntideva face a similar tension regarding their claims that developing other-regarding virtue benefits its possessor. For Plato, justice requires the philosopher to forgo her desire to focus on theoretical study and take her turn at ruling the city. For Śāntideva, the bodhisattva’s compassion leads him to remain in the realm of rebirth to save sentient beings. This chapter shows how both authors respond to this tension by psychologizing virtues which are ordinarily conceived of as primarily governing external behavior. This results in inviolable happiness for the bodhisattva. In partial contrast, the happiness of Plato’s philosopher is constituted by her just soul, but remains imperfect, given the incompatibility of the aims of reason, which desires both to bring unity to the city and to continue its focus on theoretical study.
Introduction: Contracting
Authors: Sullivan Ceri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter first outlines a subsection of behavioural economics: prospect theory (colloquially known as nudge theory). Then, calling on theories of the extended mind, it asks what sorts of minor physical and social structures were put in place to scaffold decisions in the early modern devotional life. One such structure is the contract with the self, written or spoken, which keeps its maker acting consistently in daily life with a published self-image in the contract. Herbert’s poems (particularly ‘Judgement’ and ‘Obedience’) are examined against instances of such contracts, including those made by the Ferrar family at Little Gidding, and by the London turner, Nehemiah Wallington.
Borders: A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Diener Alexander C. , Hagen Joshua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Compelling and accessible, this Very Short Introduction challenges common perceptions of borders as merely lines on maps or physical barriers snaking across the landscape. Instead, borders are shown to be powerful forces integral to the economic, social, political, and environmental processes that shape our lives. By highlighting their prominent role in global history and across a gamut of contemporary international events, Alexander Diener and Joshua Hagen demonstrate the impact borders have on a range of issues spanning economic development and inequality, inter- and intra-state conflict, migration, nationalism, international law, human rights, environmental sustainability, climate change, public health, and natural resource management and thereby provide a powerful counterpoint to the idea of an emerging borderless world. Even as some scholars and activists argue for open borders, unfettered movement, or the elimination of the territorial nation-state, Diener and Hagen emphasize how and why borders have been, are currently, and will undoubtedly remain critical topics for the social sciences, domestic politics, and international affairs for the foreseeable future. This concise volume will appeal to a broad, interdisciplinary audience of scholars, practitioners, and students, including geographers, political scientists, anthropologists, sociologists, historians, experts in international relations and law, and anyone interested in a deeper understanding of current events. Whether taking the form of fenced national borders, gerrymandered electoral districts, bounded economic spaces, or private gated communities, demarcations of political and social spaces protect, structure, and shape our lives. This book offers readers an introduction to the diverse theoretical and philosophical perspectives on borders and their multifaceted roles shaping the twenty-first century.
A very bordered world
Authors: Diener Alexander C. , Hagen Joshua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Chapter 1 explores a variety of spatial divisions, demarcations, and strategies enacted through processes of bordering. In so doing, it demonstrates that borders are more than passive lines on maps but phenomena of great significance to daily life. The chapter asserts that while borders are so ubiquitous as to become naturalized, approaching borders as natural denies the complex human histories behind their creation, maintenance, and revision, as well as the capacity of people to alter them for the better. The chapter defines key terms including state sovereignty, domestic jurisdictions, and informal divisions of socioeconomic space. A brief review of the field of border research sets this work within an interdisciplinary scholarly context. The chapter concludes by posing a series of questions that guide the reader into the subsequent chapters and also points to the importance of understanding borders for the future.
Becoming someone else
Authors: Schechtman Marya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter considers real-life circumstances in which we might say that a person has “become someone else” and how they are related to metaphysical questions of self-identity. The circumstances considered range from common occurrences such as a change of career or relationship, to more extreme and/or unusual cases like Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, radical religious conversion, and dramatic medical interventions like Deep Brain Stimulation. In the more usual cases, claims of someone becoming a different self or person are clearly metaphorical, but in the extreme cases, this is not so obvious. The features that underlie judgments of a loss of identity in these extreme cases are considered. In addition to the sheer magnitude of change, two additional features are identified: (1) These cases involve change with respect to especially significant, core psychological features, which are taken to define the deep or true self. (2) The change in these cases results in severe disruptions of the activities and relationships in a human life. The first of these reveals a need to better understand the concept of the true self, while the second connects these more metaphorical changes of identity to the discussion of metaphysical identity in Chapter 1, and suggests that non-psychological features, such as relationships and activities, might be part of what constitutes the self.
Increasing Precision When Targeting the Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle With Neuromodulators: An Ultrasound-Based Investigation
Authors: Alfertshofer Michael , Calomeni Mariana , Welch Scott , Metelitsa Andrei , Knoedler Samuel , Frank Konstantin , Green Jeremy B , Moellhoff Nicholas , Knoedler Leonard , Cotofana Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Neuromodulator treatments of the perioral region are increasingly popular and aim to modulate the position of the modiolus. The predominantly targeted muscle is the depressor anguli oris (DAO) which allows for the modiolus to reposition cranially once temporarily relaxed.

Objectives
The aim of this study was to identify the precise anatomic position of the DAO in relation to the marionette line, thereby increasing precision and reducing adverse events during neuromodulator treatments.

Methods
A total of n = 80 DAO muscles were investigated in n = 40 healthy, toxin-naïve volunteers (11 males, 29 females) with a mean [standard deviation] age of 48.15 [15] years and a mean BMI of 24.07 [3.7] kg/m2. The location of the DAO in relation to the labiomandibular sulcus, and its depth, extent, and thickness were investigated with high-frequency ultrasound imaging.

Results
The skin surface projection of the labiomandibular sulcus separates the DAO into medial and lateral portions. The distance between skin surface and muscle surface was on average 4.4 mm, with males having a greater distance (P &lt; .001) and higher BMI being an important influencing factor for a greater distance (P &lt; .001). The thickness of the DAO was on average 3.5 mm, with a range of 2.8 to 4.8 mm and with females having thinner muscles compared with males (P &lt; .001). The most favorable injection depth was calculated to be 6.1 mm for intramuscular product placement.

Conclusions
Understanding the perioral anatomy and the influence of age, sex, and BMI will potentially allow injectors to increase the efficacy and duration of neuromodulator treatments while expertly managing adverse events.

Level of Evidence: 4
Sestrin2 and Sestrin3 protect spermatogenesis against heat-induced meiotic defects
Authors: Chen Wenhui , Wang Mengchen , Wang Huan , Jiang Yuqing , Zhu Jing , Zeng Xinxin , Xie Huihui , Yang Qingling , Sun Yingpu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHeat stress induces testicular oxidative stress, impairs spermatogenesis, and increases the risk of male infertility. Recent studies have highlighted the antioxidative properties of the Sestrins family in reducing cellular oxidative damage. However, the role of Sestrins (Sestrin1, 2, and 3) in the testicular response to heat stress remains unclear. Here, we found that Sestrin2 and 3 were highly expressed in the testis relative to Sestrin1. Then, the Sestrin2−/− and Sestrin3−/− mice were generated by CRISPR/Cas9 to investigate the role of them on spermatogenesis after heat stress. Our data showed that Sestrin2−/− and Sestrin3−/− mice testes exhibited more severe damage manifested by exacerbated loss of germ cells and higher levels of oxidative stress as compared to wild-type counterparts after heat stress. Notably, Sestrin2−/− and Sestrin3−/− mice underwent a remarkable increase in heat-induced spermatocyte apoptosis than that of controls. Furthermore, the transcriptome landscape of spermatocytes and chromosome spreading showed that loss of Sestrin2 and Sestrin3 exacerbated meiotic failure by compromising DNA double-strand breaks repair after heat stress. Taken together, our work demonstrated a critical protective function of Sestrin2 and Sestrin3 in mitigating the impairments of spermatogenesis against heat stress.