bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A cost‐utility analysis of treatment for acute childhood idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
Authors: O'Brien Sarah H. , Ritchey A. Kim , Smith Kenneth J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe primary objective in the treatment of acute pediatric idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is to rapidly increase the platelet count.MethodsWe built a decision analytic model to evaluate the cost‐utility of four commonly used treatment strategies: intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) 0.8 g/kg, anti‐D 75 mcg/kg, methylprednisolone (30 mg/kg for 3 days), and prednisone (4 mg/kg/day for 4 days). In our baseline model, all children were hospitalized upon presentation, and discharged once the platelet count reached ≥20,000. We performed a literature search to estimate time to platelet count ≥20,000 for each strategy, as well as the probability of side effects. We obtained cost data and quality of life measures from institutional and published data sources.ResultsTotal cost of one‐time treatment for a 20 kg child was $786 with prednisone, $1,346 with methylprednisolone, $2,035 with anti‐D, and $2,492 with IVIG. The strategies of IVIG and methylprednisolone were less effective and more expensive than anti‐D and prednisone, respectively. Although anti‐D caused the most rapid rise in platelet counts, the incremental cost‐utility ratio (costs incurred by using anti‐D instead of prednisone divided by health benefit of using anti‐D instead of prednisone) was $7,616 per day of severe thrombocytopenia avoided, primarily due to the much higher medication cost of anti‐D. Utilizing an outpatient model, the cost difference between anti‐D and prednisone was even more striking.ConclusionsThe clinical benefit of anti‐D is offset by a substantial cost increase. Although often overlooked in favor of newer agents, a brief course of high‐dose prednisone is an inexpensive and effective treatment for acute ITP. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:173–180. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities and cardiovascular co‐morbidity in the US elderly adult population
Authors: Varas‐Lorenzo Cristina , Rueda de Castro Ana Maria , Maguire Andrew , Miret Montserrat 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the prevalence of glucose metabolism abnormalities, including diabetes, and its associated cardiovascular risk factors and co‐morbidity in the US elderly population.MethodsCross‐sectional analysis of data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988–1994) in adults aged 65 years and more. The 1997 American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the 1998 World Health Organization (WHO) criteria were used to classify the subject's glucose metabolism status. The 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed only among those participants aged 40 to 74 years.ResultsThe age‐adjusted prevalence of diagnosed diabetes was 12.5% (95% CI: 11.4%–13.6%) among US adults aged 65 years or more. According to the ADA definition 40% of men and 28% of women were affected by some degree of glucose metabolism impairment. According to the WHO definition, 55% of men and 50% of women aged 65 to 74 years were affected by glucose metabolism abnormalities. Mexican‐Americans were the most affected under both definitions (51% and 77%, respectively). Overall, 72% of elderly diagnosed diabetics had hypertension, 28% had coronary heart disease (CHD), 47% suffered from cardiovascular disease and 80% of them presented known CHD or multiple coronary risk factors, other than age, level of LDL‐cholesterol and diabetes. Under both definitions, a trend towards a worsening coronary risk profile with increased glucose metabolism impairment was observed.ConclusionA notable proportion of elderly people is affected by some degree of glucose metabolism impairment which in turn is associated with cardiovascular co‐morbidity. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of beta‐blocker therapy on quality of life in heart failure patients: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Dobre Daniela , van Jaarsveld Cornelia H. M. , deJongste Mike J. L. , Haaijer Ruskamp Flora M. , Ranchor Adelita V. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurposeTo assess the impact of β‐blocker therapy on quality of life (QoL) in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients receiving optimal standard medication.MethodsRandomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing QoL with a generic or disease specific instrument were identified by searching Medline, Embase, Pascual, Cochrane Controlled Trial database, and the bibliographies of the published articles. Studies published between 1985 and 2002 were included, regardless of language of publication. Cochrane Review Manager 4.2 software was used to analyse the data and standardised mean difference (SMD) was calculated to assess the effect on QoL.ResultsA total of 9 trials involving 1954 patients fit into the inclusion criteria for the analysis. QoL improved more in the β‐blocker group compared to the control arm, but the SMD did not reach statistical significance (SMD, 0.07; 95%CI [−0.16, 0.02]; p = 0.13). Subgroup analysis, per type of β‐blocker and various treatment follow‐up showed similar results.ConclusionsIn this meta‐analysis there is evidence that β‐blocker therapy, on top of standard medication, does not impair QoL. Clinicians may add β‐blockers to standard therapy without concerns of impairing QoL in patients with CHF. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and fungicidal activity of N‐2‐(3‐methoxy‐4‐propargyloxy)phenethyl amides. Part II: Anti‐oomycetic mandelamides
Authors: Lamberth Clemens , Cederbaum Fredrik , Jeanguenat Andre , Kempf Hans‐Joachim , Zeller Martin , Zeun Ronald 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNovel types of anti‐oomycetic compounds have been designed and prepared. The synthetic approach to these mandelamides is outlined. Biological data demonstrate their high efficacy against important plant diseases such as tomato and potato late blight (Phytophthora infestans De Bary) and grape downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola Berliner & de Toni). Structure–activity relationship studies are discussed. The new development product mandipropamid is presented. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of enzymatically resistant nociceptin‐related peptides containing a carbamic acid residue
Authors: Ligeti Melinda , Bösze Szilvia , CsÁmpai Antal , GündÜz Özge , Al‐khrasani Mahmud , Rónai András z. , Medzihradszky‐Schweiger Hedvig , Benyhe Sándor , Borsodi Anna , Hudecz Ferenc , Magyar Anna 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNociceptin, a 17‐amino acid peptide (FGGFTGARKSARKLANQ, N/OFQ), is the endogenous ligand of the nociceptin/orphanin FQ (NOP) receptor. This receptor–ligand system is involved in various physiological as well as pathophysiological mechanisms, but owing to the peptidic structure, it is rapidly degraded by enzymes. The enzymatic digestion of nociceptin involves mainly aminopeptidases and yields Noc(2‐17)‐OH and other smaller fragments. We aimed at increasing the enzymatic stability against aminopeptidases in the case of peptide Noc(1‐13)‐NH2, which possesses the minimum sequence capable of interacting with the NOP receptor. Therefore we developed a new procedure for the synthesis of peptides with the carbamic acid residue [·‐NH‐CH(R)‐CO‐NH‐CO‐NH‐CH(Q)‐CO‐·]. A set of four carbamic acid‐nociceptin derivatives were produced. The carbamic acid residue was incorporated into the inner part of the peptides, building on solid phase, by using a suitable dipeptide fragment with carbamic acid residue produced by a simple and efficient three‐step solution phase procedure. Enzymatic stability of carbamic acid peptides was studied in the presence of aminopeptidase M (AP‐M) and in rat brain membrane homogenate. The receptor‐binding properties were also studied by radioligand binding assay on crude rat brain membranes and the activity of the ligands were analyzed on isolated mousevas deferens(MVD) tissues. We found that incorporation of the carbamic acid residue into theN‐terminal part of nociceptin significantly increases the resistance against AP‐M. We observed the decrease of binding affinities to the NOP receptor in case of the peptides modified in theN‐terminal portion. Consequently, the incorporation of the carbamic acid residue into peptides can be proposed as a promising and reasonable tool for increasing enzymatic stability, where the native molecule is less sensitive for carbamic acid residue–related structural change. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural determination of cyclitol derivatives by fast‐atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Gil Ji Hye , Seo JungJu , Kim Kang‐Jin , Jung Jee H. , Jung Ok‐Sang , Kim Min‐Sun , Hong Jongki 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThree cyclitol derivatives were isolated from the marine sponge Sarcotragus sp. by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and analyzed by fast‐atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS). Their structural elucidation was carried out with FAB tandem mass spectrometry (FAB‐MS/MS). FAB‐MS spectra produced a significant abundance of the sodium adducts [M+Na]+ and [M+2Na–H]+ from a mixture of m‐NBA and NaI. In addition, trifluoroacetylation of the cyclitol derivatives was used for confirmation of the presence of the cyclitol ring. High abundance [M–5H+5CF3CO+Na]+ ions were observed in the FAB‐MS spectra of the trifluoroacetyl‐cyclitol derivatives. Collision‐induced dissociation (CID) of the [M+Na]+ ions produced diverse product ions via a series of dissociative processes. Charge‐remote fragmentation (CRF) patterns of [M+Na]+ ions were very useful for the identification of product ions which are characteristic for the cyclitol ring and long hydrocarbon chains substituted at the glycerol backbone. Moreover, the CID‐MS/MS spectra of the [M+Na]+ ions yielded characteristic product ions at m/z 53, 83, 113, 155 and 171 for the cyclitol moiety, and at m/z 213, 229 and 245 for the glycerol backbone attached to the cyclitol ring. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rapid and highly sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method for the quantitation of buspirone in human plasma: application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Cho Sung‐Hee , Lee Heon‐Woo , Im Ho‐Taek , Park Wan‐Su , Choi Young‐Wook , Rew Jae‐Hwan , Lee Kyung‐Tae 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of buspirone in human plasma by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) was developed. Plasma samples were treated by liquid‐liquid extraction with methyl tert‐butyl ether (MTBE). The chromatographic separation was performed isocratically on a reversed‐phase Shiseido C18 column (50 mm × 2.0 mm, 3 µm) with a mobile phase of acetonitrile/0.1% acetic acid (1:1, v/v). The acquisition was performed in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, monitoring the transitions m/z 386 → 122 for buspirone and m/z 409 → 238 for amlodipine (the internal standard). The method was validated to determine its specificity, recovery, limit of quantitation, accuracy and precision. The lower limit of quantitation was 0.02 ng/mL with a relative standard deviation of less than 10%. The present method provides an accurate, precise and sensitive tool for buspirone and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study in eight subjects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Particle formation by infrared laser ablation of glycerol: implications for ion formation
Authors: Jackson Shelley N. , Kim Jae‐Kuk , Laboy Jorge L. , Murray Kermit K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe quantity and size distribution of micrometer‐sized particles ejected from thin films of glycerol were measured using light scattering particle sizing. Thin glycerol films were irradiated at atmospheric pressure with an infrared optical parametric oscillator at wavelengths between 2.95 and 3.1 µm. Particulate material resulting from the ablation was sampled directly into a particle‐sizing instrument and particles with diameters greater than 500 nm were detected and sized by light scattering. The fluence threshold for particle formation was between 2000 and 3000 J/m2 for all laser wavelengths. At threshold, fewer than 100 particles/cm3 were detected and this value increased to several thousand particles/cm3 at twice the threshold fluence. The average size of the coarse particles ranged from 900 nm to 1.6 µm at threshold and decreased by 10–20% at twice the threshold fluence. The coarse particle formation observations were compared with ion formation behavior in matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization and interpreted in terms of a photomechanical mechanism for material ablation and ion formation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potentials of ion trap collisional spectrometry for liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry determination of buprenorphine and nor‐buprenorphine in urine, blood and hair samples
Authors: Favretto Donata , Frison Giampietro , Vogliardi Susanna , Ferrara Santo Davide 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) method has been developed for the analysis of buprenorphine (BUP) and nor‐buprenorphine (NBUP) in biological fluids. Analytes are isolated from urine and blood, after addition of d4‐buprenorphine (d4‐BUP) as internal standard, by solid‐phase extraction. Preparation of hair involves external decontamination, mechanical pulverization, overnight incubation in acidic medium, and neutralization prior to extraction. Enzymatic hydrolysis with β‐glucuronidase may be performed to distinguish between free and total BUP. Chromatographic separation is accomplished by gradient elution on a cyanopropyl 2.1 × 150 mm column. Positive ion ESI and MS analyses are carried out in an ion trap mass spectrometer. The use of this mass analyzer allows effective collisional experiments to be performed on ESI‐generated MH+ species. Abundant product ions are produced, which can be monitored together with precursor ions without losing sensitivity. Thus, assay selectivity is definitely increased with respect to LC/ESI‐MS/MS methods in which only precursor ions are monitored. The method has good linearity (calibration curves were linear in the range 0.1–10 ng/mL in urine and blood, in the range 10–160 pg/mg in hair) and limits of detection of 0.05 ng/mL for both BUP and NBUP in blood and urine samples, of 4 pg/mg for both analytes in hair. Both intra‐ and inter‐assay precision and accuracy were satisfactory at three concentrations studied: relative standard deviations were <13.7% in urine, <17.3% in blood, <17.8% in hair; percent deviation of the mean from the true value was always <10.5% in urine and blood, <16.1% in hair. The method can be used to determine both analytes in the urine and hair of drug addicts on replacement therapy, and in post‐mortem blood specimens when there is suspicion of drug‐related death. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of tanshinones in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan‐shen) by high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Yang Min , Liu Aihua , Guan Shuhong , Sun Jianghao , Xu Man , Guo Dean 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe qualitative analysis of tanshinones in the roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza (Dan‐shen in Chinese) was performed using high‐performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MSn). Tanshinones are the major bioactive constituents of Dan‐shen, which is used in China for the treatment of haematological abnormalities and cardiovascular diseases. The ESI‐MSn fragmentation behavior of tanshinones was investigated. For tanshinones with the tanshinone I nucleus, the fragmentation was triggered by loss of a molecule of CO except bearing a substituent at C17 or C18, followed by sequential eliminations of CO. If C15–16 was a saturated bond, the fragmentation was triggered by elimination of a molecule of H2O. For tanshinones with the tanshinone IIA nucleus, the fragmentation was triggered by loss of a molecule of H2O, followed by successive eliminations of CO. Ions corresponding to loss of a molecule of propylene (Δm = 42) were also observed. Moreover, when C15–16 was a saturated bond, ions corresponding to losses of CH3, H2O and propylene were more abundant. If no D‐ring existed, the presence of isopropyl resulted in an elimination of a molecule of H2O with an adjacent CO or OH. In addition, the extension of the π‐conjugation in the A‐ring (especially at C1–2) induced the fragmentation by loss of a molecule of CO. These fragmentation rules were applied to the identification of tanshinones in a chloroform/methanol (3:7) extract of Dan‐shen, which was separated on a C18 column with gradient elution. A total of 27 tanshinones were identified, including five new constituents. The established method could be used for the sensitive and rapid identification of tanshinones in the Dan‐shen drug and its pharmaceutical preparations. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with positive chemical ionization for the determination of opiates in human oral fluid
Authors: Cámpora Pamela , Bermejo Ana María , Tabernero María Jesús , Fernández Purificación 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn analytical method for the simultaneous determination of codeine, morphine and 6‐acetylmorphine (6AM) in human oral fluid was developed. The method involves liquid‐liquid extraction in Toxitubes A®, derivatization with 99:1 (v/v) N,O‐bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)/trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS), and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with positive chemical ionization (GC/PCI‐MS) determination. The detector response was linear over the concentration range 30–500 ng/mL with coefficients of correlation higher than 0.99. The precision was acceptable with coefficients of variation less than 7.5%. The limits of detection achieved were 0.7 ng/mL for codeine, 2.0 ng/mL for morphine, and 0.6 ng/mL for 6AM. The method proposed was applied to 80 oral fluid samples from opiates users, 98% of which were positive for the three analytes. Human oral fluid is a suitable biological fluid for the determination of opiates by GC/PCI‐MS. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of mobile broadband interactive satellite access system for Ku/Ka band
Authors: Song Yun‐Jeong , Kim Pan‐Soo , Oh Deock‐Gil , Jeon Soon‐Ik , Lee Ho‐Jin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt is difficult to implement the broadband satellite Internet and broadcasting service for mobile environment. The paper presents the design and implementation of a mobile broadband satellite access system. In case of the system design, mobile terminal service is considered a critical factor than fixed terminal services, such as resource management, antenna tracking, weak signal recovery. In the paper, mobile broadband interactive satellite access technology system (MoBISAT) is presented. The system network, which is composed of a star network, consists of time division multiplexing‐based forward link and multi‐frequency time division multiple access‐based return link. The MoBISAT provides both Ku‐band satellite TV and Ka‐band high‐speed Internet base on DVB‐S/DVB‐RCS standards to the passengers and crews for land, maritime and air vehicles. The key factors of hub and mobile terminal are addressed for the design and implementation of the MoBISAT. Especially, the design and implementation of the return link demodulation method, resource management scheme and mobile terminal structure including mobile antenna are described. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A DVB/Inmarsat hybrid architecture for asymmetrical broadband mobile satellite services
Authors: Andersen Bjørn Roger , Gangaas Odd , Andenæs Jens 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn order to bridge the gap, both regulatory and technologically, between offering mobile satellite services at L‐band today and broadband mobile services at C‐band, Ku‐band or Ka‐band in the future, a short‐term solution is foreseen. Therefore, a DVB/Inmarsat hybrid service offering bi‐directional asymmetrical satellite connectivity, with a broadband receive channel at Ku‐band based on DVB‐S, and with a transmit channel at L‐band based on Inmarsat Mobile Packet Data Service, has successfully been developed, implemented and tested. The article focuses on the rationale for, and a technical solution, and how this can be evolved to support use of Inmarsat Broadband Global Area Access as transmit channel at L‐band. There are no regulatory issues associated with global operation of such a system, and the users can access the services using cost‐efficient off‐the‐shelf equipment, since the well established Inmarsat and DVB standards are utilized. The system has proved its feasibility to offer services like Internet access, email access, fast file transfers, and IP streaming of audio and video, in addition to the traditional Inmarsat services. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ku‐mobile: satellite multimedia services for cars in the Ku‐band
Authors: Scalise Sandro , Ernst Harald , Hack Thomas , Loeillet Christophe , Midthassel Rolv 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSatellite radio for vehicles is normally hampered by the problem of the shadowing of the line of sight between satellite and receiver. In this paper, a personalized radio concept is proposed as an alternative to the streaming approach used for traditional radio: instead of transmitting a number of distinct continuous streams, individual audio and multimedia files are broadcasted.The received files are stored in a large cache located in the receiver of each mobile terminal. There, the files are sequentially played from the cache to generate a service similar to traditional radio/entertainment programs. This assembled program may depends on some user settings and does depend on the available files, which in turn depend on the reception conditions of each individual user. A continuous connection between the satellite and each receiver is therefore no longer required. Instead, it is sufficient to ensure that enough new files to generate an attractive program are available in the cache. Therefore, the aim is to reach a sufficiently high update rate for the content of the cache. A failure in the transfer of an individual file has no impact on the audible quality, since the only effect is that this file cannot be used when assembling the program.Besides its robustness, this approach opens new possibilities in terms of enhanced services, like the capability to skip or repeat part of the radio program, and to easily integrate additional data services like e.g. road and weather maps distribution or generic html content. Furthermore, this approach can be combined with the usage of satellite systems with low link margins, which are already available, for instance in the Ku‐band. This results in low infrastructure costs for the deployment of such a system, together with the availability of new, personalized attractive features. An overview about the dedicated communication system being developed to support the novel concept presented above, including the status of an end‐to‐end demonstrator, will be given. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.