bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Angry Writing: (Re)Presenting the Unethical World of the Ethnographer
Authors: Keith M 
Published: October 2006

The manner in which academic protocols fraudulently prohibit certain textual strategies whilst celebrating others is addressed. In particular it is suggested that, in focusing on aesthetics, reflexive anthropologists evade rather than resolve questions both of ethics and of epistemology. This contention can be understood in terms of the responsibility of the author/scriptor with reference to the presence of anger in academic prose and to The Satanic Verses controversy. This paper questions the manner in which anger routinely disqualifies writing from academic status. In talking theoretically about presentational style, I want to address substantively issues of research ethics. What angers me about ethnographic work generally is that a sustained vogue for reflexivity so commonly casts a crisis of representation in terms of the relation between subject matter and narrative to the cost of consideration of the relation between representation and audience. The smugness of the academy sits comfortably beside ostentatious angst over the academic method. Reflexivity decays into narcissism. What angers me specifically about ethnography in geography is that in the identity crises of everyday rites of credentialism geographers cast themselves as an ‘Other’, pursuing an elusive vogue in social theory, sociology, or, perhaps this week, anthropology. Yet ethnography is neither a passport to a ringside view of the exotic nor a form of methodological avant gardeism. Such issues are discussed here in the context of my own participant observation work with the police; research that was arguably deceitful, unrepresentative, undemocratic, and perhaps indefensible. Reflexively so.
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to semilinear elliptic equations with Hardy potential
Authors: Han Pigong 
Published: October 2006

Let

Ω
\Omega

be an open bounded domain in

R

N

(
N
≥
3
)

\mathbb {R}^N (N\geq 3)

with smooth boundary

∂
Ω

\partial \Omega

,

0

∈

Ω

0\!\in \!\Omega

. We are concerned with the asymptotic behavior of solutions for the elliptic problem:

(
∗
)

−
Δ
u
−

μ
u

|

x

|

2

=
f
(
x
,
u
)
,

u
∈

H
0
1

(
Ω
)
,

\begin{equation*} (*)\qquad \qquad \qquad \ -\Delta u-\frac {\mu u}{|x|^2}=f(x, u),\qquad \,\,u\in H^1_0(\Omega ),\qquad \qquad \qquad \qquad \ \ \end{equation*}

where

0
≤
μ
>

(

N
−
2

2

)

2

0\leq \mu >\big (\frac {N-2}{2}\big )^2

and

f
(
x
,
u
)

f(x, u)

satisfies suitable growth conditions. By Moser iteration, we characterize the asymptotic behavior of nontrivial solutions for problem

(
∗
)

(*)

. In particular, we point out that the proof of Proposition 2.1 in Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 132 (2004), 3225–3229, is wrong.
Isomorphism of Borel full groups
Authors: Miller Benjamin , Rosendal Christian 
Published: October 2006

Suppose that

G
G

and

H
H

are Polish groups which act in a Borel fashion on Polish spaces

X
X

and

Y
Y

. Let

E
G
X

E_G^X

and

E
H
Y

E_H^Y

denote the corresponding orbit equivalence relations, and

[
G
]

[G]

and

[
H
]

[H]

the corresponding Borel full groups. Modulo the obvious counterexamples, we show that

[
G
]
≅
[
H
]
⇔

E
G
X

≅
B

E
H
Y

[G] \cong [H] \Leftrightarrow E_G^X \cong _B E_H^Y

.
Strong unique continuation for 𝑚-th powers of a Laplacian operator with singular coefficients
Authors: Lin Ching-Lung 
Published: October 2006

In this paper we prove strong unique continuation for

u
u

satisfying an inequality of the form

|

△
m

u

|

≤
f
(
x
,
u
,
D
u
,
⋯
,

D
k

u
)

|\triangle ^m u| \leq f(x,u,Du,\cdots ,D^ku)

, where

k
k

is up to

[
3
m

/

2
]

[3m/2]

. This result gives an improvement of a work by Colombini and Grammatico (1999) in some sense. The proof of the main theorem is based on Carleman estimates with three-parameter weights

|

x

|

2

σ
1

(
log
⁡

|

x

|

)

2

σ
2

exp
⁡
(

β
2

(
log
⁡

|

x

|

)
2

)

|x|^{2\sigma _1}(\log |x|)^{2\sigma _2}\!\exp (\frac {\beta }{2}(\log |x|)^2)

.
Androgen receptor mutations are associated with Gleason score in localized prostate cancer
Authors: Sanchez Daniel , Rosell David , Honorato Beatriz , Lopez Jorge , Arocena Juan , Sanz Gonzalo 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVETo study human androgen receptor (hAR) mutations and their relationship to the clinical and pathological characteristics of patients with prostate cancer, as the mechanisms by which tumour cells escape androgen control and grow independently of hormone stimulation are unclear.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 67 radical prostatectomy specimens were sequenced genomically (mean age of the patients, 64 years; median prostate‐specific antigen level 15 ng/mL; 34% T1 and 66% T2). Of the 66 patients who had a valid follow‐up, 28 (43%) had biochemical progression during the follow‐up.RESULTSThere was mutation in the hAR in 11 patients (16%); nine types of different mutations were identified, only one of which was described previously in patients with prostate cancer. Patients with mutated hAR had statistically lower Gleason scores (P = 0.004) than had patients with native hAR.CONCLUSIONhAR mutations have a different effect on the disease course in patients with localized than in those with metastatic prostatic cancer.
Prevalence and correlations of lower urinary tract symptoms, erectile dysfunction and incontinence in men from a multiethnic Asian population: results of a regional population‐based survey and comparison with industrialized nations
Authors: Mariappan Paramananthan , Chong Wooi Loong 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVETo determine, in a population‐based survey, the prevalence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), erectile dysfunction (ED) and incontinence in community‐dwelling men in multiethnic Malaysia, as currently available Western demographic data might not be applicable in the Asian population.SUBJECTS AND METHODSA cross‐sectional population‐based survey was carried out in the State of Penang, Malaysia, with a target population of men aged ≥ 40 years. Using a multistage study design, random systematic sampling was used to represent the target population, who were weighted based on ethnicity and rural‐urban ratios so as to represent the general population distribution. Trained field‐workers conducted direct interviews and administered the American Urological Association Symptom Index (AUA‐SI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF‐5) questionnaire and questions on incontinence based on the International Continence Society 2002 definition.RESULTSIn all, 418 men aged ≥ 40 years were interviewed, of whom 353 completed the AUA‐SI questionnaire (84.5% response rate). The prevalence of mild, moderate and severe LUTS was 80.6%, 6% and 0.3%, respectively. The prevalent symptoms were frequency and nocturia. There was moderate and severe ED in 45.9% of men, whereas incontinence was reported by 8.2%. The AUA‐SI correlated strongly with age (R = 0.291, P < 0.001), IIEF‐5 (R = − 0.265, P < 0.001) and diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSIONThe prevalence and severity of LUTS, ED and incontinence increased with age in this multiethnic Asian population, in which ED correlated strongly with LUTS. Compared to the Western population, the prevalence of LUTS was significantly lower, while the prevalence of ED and incontinence were comparable.
Palliative transurethral resection of the prostate: functional outcome and impact on survival
Authors: Marszalek Martin , Ponholzer Anton , Rauchenwald Michael , Madersbacher Stephan 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVETo assess the long‐term functional and oncological outcome in a consecutive series of patients undergoing palliative transurethral resection of the prostate (pTURP).PATIENTS AND METHODSWe retrospectively assessed all patients who had a pTURP between 1992 and 2004 at our institution. Patients with incidental prostate cancer (pT1a/pT1b) were excluded. In all, 89 patients (mean age 75.9 years, sd 0.9, at diagnosis) entered the study.RESULTSThe median (range) prostate‐specific antigen level at diagnosis was 25.7 (0.7–5000) ng/mL and the mean Gleason score was 7. The mean (sd, range) interval between the diagnosis of prostate cancer and pTURP was 1.5 (0.3, 0.5–10.9) years. The indications for pTURP were refractory urinary retention in 30%, severe bladder outlet obstruction with a postvoid residual urine volume of > 100 mL in 43%, and bladder stones, haematuria and hydronephrosis in 9% each. The mean (sd, range) follow‐up after pTURP was 2.6 (0.2, 0.1–7.3) years. The peri‐operative mortality (<30 days) was 2%, and 22 patients (25%) died during the follow‐up. As estimated by Kaplan–Meier analysis, the 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 83%, 70% and 61%, respectively. Patients with prostate cancer in the pTURP specimen had a shorter 3‐year survival (52%) than those with a negative histology (89%, P = 0.03). At the last follow‐up, 79% of men voided spontaneously and were continent. A repeat pTURP was necessary in 25% of patients, 11% required permanent catheterization and 10% were incontinent.CONCLUSIONDespite greater peri‐operative mortality and morbidity than conventional TURP, pTURP is a fairly safe and effective procedure. Although a potential negative impact of pTURP on survival cannot be excluded, the estimated 5‐year survival of 61% in this series seems to justify this intervention.
Effect of chronic lithium administration on endothelium‐dependent relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum: the role of nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase pathways
Authors: Sadeghipour Hamed , Ghasemi Mehdi , Nobakht Maliheh , Ebrahimi Farzad , Dehpour Ahmad Reza 
Published: October 2006

OBJECTIVETo verify the effect of chronic lithium administration on the endothelium‐dependent relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum, as lithium is a major drug for treating bipolar disorder and some studies showed that lithium might cause erectile dysfunction in such patients, by a mechanism as yet unknown.MATERIALS AND METHODSLiCl (600 mg/L) was dissolved in drinking water and Sprague–Dawley rats received the solution for 30 days; control rats received tap water. After 30 days corporeal strips were prepared from both groups, mounted under tension in oxygenated organ baths, and pre‐contracted with phenylephrine (7.5 µm). After equilibration, the strips were relaxed by acetylcholine (10 nm to 1 mm) in the presence or absence of indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor; 20 µm). Furthermore, the relaxant responses to sodium nitroprusside (1 nm to 1 mm), a nitric oxide (NO) donor, were investigated in both groups. NADPH‐diaphorase histochemistry was used to identify NO synthase within cavernosal tissue strips of both groups.RESULTSThe acetylcholine‐dependent relaxation was significantly lower in lithium‐treated rats than in controls. Although indomethacin decreased significantly the relaxant responses to acetylcholine in controls, it increased the relaxant responses in lithium‐treated rats. NADPH‐diaphorase staining was greater in the chronic lithium‐treated than in control preparations. Sodium nitroprusside produced similar relaxation in both groups.CONCLUSIONChronic lithium administration can impair the endothelium‐dependent relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum; NO availability might decrease after lithium administration and the cyclooxygenase pathways might have a role in this effect.
Sperm banking: use and outcomes in patients treated for testicular cancer
Authors: Girasole Christopher R. , Cookson Michael S. , Smith Joseph A. , Ivey Bert S. , Roth Bruce J. , Chang Sam S. 
Published: October 2006

Authors from the USA present a study aimed at identifying the frequency with which sperm banking was used in patients being treated for testicular cancer. They found that only a minority of their patients chose to bank sperm, and among those who did, the use was low.Advanced penile cancer requires extensive ablative surgery with resultant anatomical defects that can result in severe loss of quality of life. Authors from the UK describe their experience with the vertical rectus abdominis musculocutaneous flap in such patients, finding it to be useful. They stressed that a multidisciplinary approach involving the urological reconstructive surgeon and the plastic surgeon is essential.OBJECTIVETo identify the frequency that sperm banking was used by men being treated for testicular cancer at our institution, and to characterize the differences between men choosing to bank sperm or not, and outcomes in terms of after‐treatment pregnancies.PATIENTS AND METHODSA questionnaire addressing sperm banking and fertility was administered to men treated for testicular cancer at our institution between 1994 and 2004; the results were evaluated statistically.RESULTSOverall, 31 of 129 (24%) respondents had banked sperm. Of these, two had used their banked sperm to father a child, and 12 had had children naturally. Men who banked sperm were a mean of 10.3 years younger (P < 0.001) and less likely to have children at the time of diagnosis (P < 0.025) than men choosing not to bank sperm. The cost of banking sperm was reported to include a mean fee of US $358 (median 300, range 0–1000), and a mean annual maintenance fee of $243.86 (median 300, range 0–1200).CONCLUSIONSOnly a minority of men in this study chose to bank sperm (24%). Among those who did, the use of banked sperm was low (<10%), and many men could have children without using banked sperm. Given the relatively high costs of sperm banking and the low rate of sample use, patients should be counselled on the costs and benefits of sperm banking before treatment for testicular cancer.
Morningstar ratings and future performance
Authors: Gerrans Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMorningstar is one of the major ratings suppliers of Australian managed funds. Ratings are a convenient information source for investors. Over time the ratings methodology used by Morningstar in Australia has become more like its North American counterpart. However, Morningstar Australia uniquely retains a commitment to a qualitative dimension to their research. This paper explores the relationship between Morningstar, qualitative and quantitative ratings and future fund product performance. Results do not support predictive power in the ratings, in the relatively short periods available for analysis, using a range of commonly used performance measures.
Assurance provided by auditors’ reports on prospective financial information: implications for the expectation gap
Authors: Schelluch Peter , Gay Grant 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe results of this study indicate significant differences in beliefs between auditors, users and preparers of prospective financial information, concerning forecast reliability and the role and responsibilities of auditors and management. Contrary to the usual published studies on expectation gap, it was found that auditors believe that forecasts are more reliable than users or preparers. Auditors also believe that they have a higher level of responsibility and accountability than is attributed to them by users or preparers. Beliefs were affected by the type of report issued by the auditor and subjects were able to discriminate between the level of assurance provided by positive and negative assurance opinions. However, based on the responses of shareholders, it appears that the negative assurance opinion on assumptions for an audit might confuse users and might not meet the demands of the market.
Non‐audit services, auditor quality and the value relevance of earnings
Authors: Gul Ferdinand A. , Tsui Judy , Dhaliwal Dan S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper tests the hypothesis that there is an inverse relation between non‐audit services (NAS) provided by a firm auditor and the value relevance of earnings (measured as the earnings response coefficient) and that this relation is weaker for firms with Big 6 auditors. The hypothesis is based on anecdotal evidence and previous research that suggests that the provision of NAS by the external auditor is likely to adversely affect investors’ perceptions of the credibility of financial reports, and that Big 6 auditors, because of reputational capital and litigation costs, are likely to mitigate the adverse effects of NAS. Results using 840 firm‐year observations of Australian companies document a statistically significant inverse relationship between NAS and the value relevance of earnings, and this inverse relationship is weaker for Big 6 auditors, therefore supporting the hypothesis.
“Scottishness,”“Britishness,” and Scottish Tourism, 1770–1914
Authors: Grenier Katherine Haldane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article examines the cultural significance of Scotland for the legions of English tourists who headed north in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, and provides an overview of several scholarly debates that are currently taking place in the fields of tourism and of British national identity. The image of Scotland was refashioned in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the result of changing cultural fashions and new political developments. Because the industry of tourism and the idea of Scotland developed alongside each other, Scotland played a disproportionately important role in the history of tourism, and tourism a disproportionately important role in the history of modern Scotland. The image of Scotland, for both Scots and foreigners, did not evolve in isolation. It developed simultaneously with the descent upon Scotland of masses of tourists, lured by a certain type of advertising, and armed with guidebooks and preconceived expectations of what they would find. Prompted by promotional materials, the comments of previous travelers, and literature, tourists claimed a sense of mastery over Scotland and its people. However, the tourist image of Scotland was not hegemonic. Thoughtful tourists were challenged by what they found in Scotland, discovering that they could not always make the country fit their expectations.
Medieval Europe and the World: Why Medievalists Should Also Be World Historians
Authors: Ruiz Teofilo 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“Medieval Europe and the World: Why Medievalist Should Also Be World Historians” argues for the use of world history's methodology and the application of its innovative approach to our research and teaching of the Middle Ages. After reviewing recent methodological changes in our understanding of medieval history, the article reviews recent developments in world history and suggests ways in which medievalists could enrich their research and teaching by drawing upon world history's recent methodological breakthroughs. Finally, “Medieval Europe and the World” calls for collaborative research and teaching projects that would allow us to understand the Middle Ages in a global context.
REPARTITORS, SELECTORS AND SUPERSELECTORS
Authors: HAVET FRÉDÉRIC 
Published: October 2006

An (n, p, f)-network G is a graph (V, E) where the vertex set V is partitioned into four subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] called respectively the priorities, the ordinary inputs, the outputs and the switches, satisfying the following constraints: there are p priorities, n - p ordinary inputs and n + f outputs; each priority, each ordinary input and each output is connected to exactly one switch; switches have degree at most 4. An (n, p, f)-network is an (n, p, f)-repartitor if for any disjoint subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], there exist in G, n edge-disjoint paths, p of them from [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text] and the n - p others joining [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. The problem is to determine the minimum number R(n, p, f) of switches of an (n, p, f)-repartitor and to construct a repartitor with the smallest number of switches. In this paper, we show how to build general repartitors from (n, 0, f)-repartitors also called (n, n + f)-selectors. We then consrtuct selectors using more powerful networks called superselectors. An (n, 0, 0)-network is an n-superselector if for any subsets [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text], there exist in G, [Formula: see text] edge-disjoint paths joining [Formula: see text] to [Formula: see text]. We show that the minimum number of switches of an n-superselector S+ (n) is at most 17n + O(log(n)). We then deduce that [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text], R(n, p, f) ≤ 18n + 34f + O( log (n + f)), if [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. Finally, we give lower bounds for R(n, 0, f) and S+ (n) and show optimal networks for small value of n.
New insight into the role of phosphodiesterase 3A in porcine oocyte maturation
Authors: Sasseville Maxime , Côté Nancy , Guillemette Christine , Richard François J 
Published: October 2006

Abstract

Background
The ovulatory surge of gonadotropins triggers oocyte maturation and rupture of the ovarian follicle. The resumption of nuclear maturation in the oocyte from the prophase stage is characterized by germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD). It has previously been shown that specific inhibition of cAMP degradation by PDE3 prevents the resumption of oocyte meiosis. However, no report has characterized the activity of PDE3 in the porcine oocyte, or the implication of the cAMP-PDE3 pathway in the entire nuclear maturation process. In this study, PDE3 activity in the oocyte was assessed during in vitro maturation (IVM) and the possible roles of the cAMP-PDE3 pathway in the resumption and progression of meiosis were investigated in terms of different models of oocyte maturation.

Results
Cyclic AMP-degrading PDE activity was detected in the cumulus-oocyte complex (COC) and was partially inhibited by a specific PDE3 inhibitor, cilostamide. When measured only in the denuded oocyte, PDE activity was almost completely inhibited by cilostamide, suggesting that cAMP-PDE3 activity is the major cAMP-PDE in porcine oocytes. PDE3A mRNA was detected by RT-PCR. PDE3 activity did not vary significantly during the early hours of IVM, but a maximum was observed at 13 hours. In cumulus-oocyte complexes, meiosis resumed after 20.81 hours of culture. PDE3 inhibition no longer maintained meiotic arrest if sustained beyond 17.65 hours of IVM, 3 hours prior to resumption of meiosis. Thereafter, PDE3 inhibition progressively lost its efficacy in GVBD. When the protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitor okadaic acid was continuously or transiently (3 hours) present during IVM, meiosis resumed prematurely; PDE3 inhibition was unable to prevent GVBD. However, PDE3 inhibition in COC treated with OA for 3 hours significantly delayed meiosis at the intermediate stage.

Conclusion
The present investigation has demonstrated that PDE3A is the major cAMP-degrading PDE in the oocyte. It regulates the resumption of meiosis until 3 hours prior to GVBD and transiently affects meiotic progression.