bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF INSULIN ON THE INTACT LEVATOR ANI MUSCLE OF THE RAT
Authors: Arvill A. , Ahrén K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Effects of insulin in vitro on the rate of intracellular accumulation of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) and D-xylose were studied in the intact levator ani muscle prepared as described by Arvill & Ahrén (1966 a). In some of the experiments the effects of insulin were also studied in the intact diaphragm preparation of Kipnis & Cori (1957).
Insulin increased the rate of uptake of AIB and D-xylose in both preparations. A linear dose-response relationship was found within certain dose levels of insulin for the AIB transport in the levator ani preparation. The sensitivity to insulin of the AIB transport was found to be greater in summer than in winter.
Addition of glucose to the incubation medium decreased the rate of penetration of D-xylose into the levator ani muscle but it did not influence the rate of AIB uptake or the effect of insulin on the AIB transport.
A rapid reduction of the insulin activity in the incubation medium was found in the experiments with the diaphragm preparation but not in the experiments with the levator ani muscle.
Insulin was found to cause a flux of water from the extracellular to the intracellular compartments in the diaphragm but not in the levator ani muscle.
The results are discussed and it is concluded that the intact levator ani preparation is very suitable for further experiments concerning the mechanism of action of insulin.
STUDIES ON THE METABOLISM OF CORTICOSTEROIDS IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT
Authors: Pasqualini J. R. , Wiqvist N. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In two cases undergoing surgical sterilization and interruption of pregnancy, tritium-labelled corticosterone sulphate was injected into the intact foeto-placental circulation at laparotomy and the metabolites recovered from the placenta and various foetal tissues were analyzed. Little hydrolysis of the injected corticosterone sulphate occurred in the placenta and in the various foetal tissues, the bulk of the administered tracer being metabolized in the form of 21-sulphate. No radioactive material was detected in the glucuronide fraction. After enzymic hydrolysis of the ester-sulphate fraction, the following compounds were isolated: 21-hydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,11,20-trione (placenta, residual foetal tissues), 3α,11β,21-trihydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (liver, gastrointestinal tract and placenta), 3β,11β,21-trihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (liver), and 6β,11β,21-trihydroxypregn-4-ene-3,20-dione (liver, residual foetal tissues and placenta).
A concept is presented describing the metabolism of corticosterone sulphate in the human foeto-placental unit at midpregnancy.
DIE AUSSCHEIDUNG VON PORTER-SILBER-AKTIVEN 11-DESOXYCORTICOSTEROIDEN BEI GESUNDEN FRAUEN SOWIE AM ENDE DER SCHWANGERSCHAFT UND BEI INTRAUTERINEM FRUCHTTOD
Authors: Dässler C.-G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Urinary Porter-Silber active 11-deoxycorticosteroids were determined in 12 healthy nonpregnant women (mean m = 0.07 mg/24 h; standard deviation s = ± 0.03), 13 patients with intrauterine foetal death in late pregnancy (m = 0.08 mg/24 h; s = ± 0.03) and in 15 women in the last weeks of an intact pregnancy (m = 0.21 mg/24 h; s = ± 0.09). The mean value in late pregnant women was significantly higher than in non-pregnant women (P < 0.001) or in women with foetal death (P < 0.001). The increase may be due to the changed metabolism or to the reduced inactivation into cortisol derivatives caused by pregnancy and/or to the increased production of cortisol. In cases of foetal death in late pregnancy the increase was not to be observed. In 2 pregnant women the increase during pregnancy and the decrease to the level of nonpregnant women after delivery was followed.
EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON PROSTATE GLAND FRUCTOSE
Authors: Thomas John A. , Andrews Richard V. , Hill Marvin F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Small doses of reserpine (2.5 or 5 μg/day for 2, 5 or 11 days) caused significant elevations in fructose levels in the prostate glands of normal mice. This effect was not seen in the castrate mouse. In castrates given 50 μg/day of testosterone, reserpine did increase prostatic fructose levels, but less markedly than in intact mice. Adrenalectomized mice also responded to reserpine less markedly than intact animals.
The stimulatory actions of reserpine on sex accessory fructose depends upon both the dose and duration of administration of this alkaloid. These stimulatory actions of reserpine on sex accessory organs occur prior to any loss in testicular weight and might be related to the synergistic activities of ACTH and/or prolactin on prostatic tissue.
THE SPECIFICITY OF THE MOUSE OVARIAN AUGMENTATION ASSAY FOR FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: Martin F. I. R. , Peyton Lorraine 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The specificity of the mouse ovarian augmentation assay for gonadotrophins has been examined. Variations of the augmenting dose of HCG from 12.5 to 100 IU per mouse had no significant influence on the assay characteristics. However, the addition of ovine luteinising hormone to standard gonadotrophins produced a depression of the expected response in all standards tested. Similarly, the assay of mixtures of standard gonadotrophins did not produce the additive response expected from the simultaneous assay of the standards alone. These effects were less marked when pure human pituitary preparations were assayed.
It is concluded that although this assay is sensitive and precise it cannot be regarded as specific for follicle stimulating hormone.
STEROID BIOSYNTHESIS BY ADRENAL AND OVARIAN TISSUE IN CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA
Authors: Axelrod Leonard R. , Goldzieher Joseph W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fresh adrenal tissue from a 5 year old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and ovarian tissue from an untreated adult female pseudohermaphrodite were incubated with radioactive steroids. Adrenal tissue incubated with 4-14C-progesterone produced 17-hydroxyprogesterone, 21-deoxycortisol and testosterone in high yield. The ovarian tissue gave evidence of 17-hydroxylating, 20-reducing, 3β-ol dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and desmolase activities.
THE DIURNAL FLUCTUATION OF ASCORBIC ACID AND PROGESTERONE CONTENTS IN THE OVARIES OF INTACT AND HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED IMMATURE PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS
Authors: de Groot C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ovaries of pseudopregnant immature rats contain less ascorbic acid and more progesterone at 4 p.m. than at 10 and 12 a. m. and 2 p.m. Two days after hypophysectomy, during which time prolactin injections were given to maintain pseudopregnancy, the ascorbic acid content still decreased, while the progesterone content failed to increase. In the intact animals, the increase in progesterone content and part of the ascorbic acid decrease may be explained by a surge of endogenous LH during the afternoon. All effects in the hypophysectomized rats should result from the predominance of catabolic processes.
In intact and in hypophysectomized animals the right ovaries usually weigh less than the left ovaries.
INCREASED EXCRETION OF THYROXINE BY FEEDING ACTIVATED CHARCOAL TO SYRIAN HAMSTERS
Authors: Bergman F. , Halvorsen P. , van der Linden W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Activated charcoal diminished the absorption of radiothyroxine in Syrian hamsters. The absorption of Na131I was diminished when cholestyramine, but not when charcoal was added to the diet. In hamsters injected intravenously with 131I l-thyroxine, body radioactivity decreased more rapidly when the diet was supplemented with charcoal because of greater excretion of radioactivity in the faeces. The histology of the thyroid gland returned to normal in all hamsters which after pretreatment with thyroxine were fed a diet supplemented with charcoal or with cholestyramine, but not in those animals fed an unsupplemented diet.
ANALYSIS OF THE TOPOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THYROID ACTIVITY IN A TELEOST FISH: CARASSIUS CARASSIUS L.
Authors: Frisén Lars , Frisén Marianne 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Combined autoradiography and X-ray photography has demonstrated that the tissues of the caudal part of the lower jaw and the pronephric region have a considerably larger uptake of radioiodine than other tissues in the immature crucian carp, Carassius carassius L. It is known from previous studies that thyroid follicles occur in these regions.
The pronephric thyroid differs from the mandibular thyroid with regard to radioiodine turnover. On an average, the pronephric thyroid has a larger uptake than the lower jaw thyroid. The relative uptakes varied considerably in the population investigated. The ratio mandibular uptake/total thyroid uptake has been determined at several sampling intervals. The means of these ratios show no significant trend with time, a finding which strongly supports the view that the two regions are variably sized parts of a physiologically homogeneous thyroid gland. The analysis is based on a mathematical model of iodine turnover. The method of comparing complex regression functions (sums of exponential functions) should be widely applicable.
The correlation between the radioiodine content of either region and total thyroid content is low. Thus, it is necessary to study simultaneously all follicle-carrying tissues in fish with more than one aggregation of thyroid elements.
The net radioiodine turnover in the crucian carp indicates a comparatively high degree of thyroid activity and considerably higher than that reported for C. auratus L. This phenomenon is discussed.
INVESTIGATIONS ON THE MELANOPHORESTIMULATING HORMONES IN THE HYPOPHYSIS OF THE FINBACK WHALE (BALAENOPTERA PHYSALUS)
Authors: Hoekstra A. , Burgers A. C. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Extracts of single hypophyses of the finback whale (Balaenoptera physalus) were exposed to zone electrophoresis on starch, and the electrophoretic samples tested for their melanophore-stimulating activity, using pieces of isolated skin of the lizard Anolis carolinensis in vitro as a test object. It was demonstrated that four different components with melanophore-stimulating activities are present in a single whale hypophysis.
The electrophoretic behaviour of three of these components are comparable to that of the MSH's of known chemical structures alpha-, beta-seryl-, and beta-glutamyl-MSH. The electrophoretic behaviour of a fourth component, differs from that of any of the known MSH's.
This component is the most abundant – or has the strongest melanophore-stimulating activity – in comparison with the other components found in the whale.
The possibility that this component is identical with the fat mobilizing factor discovered and isolated by Birk & Li (1963) is suggested.
COMPARISON OF SERUM PROTEIN BOUND IODINE AND THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN SATURATION CAPACITY VALUES IN NEGRO AND WHITE SCHOOL CHILDREN: ETHNIC DIFFERENCE
Authors: Starr Paul , Nicoloff John 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Measurement of PBI values in healthy pre-adolescent Negro school children (N = 437) revealed a mean value of 6.4 ±.06 mg/100 ml while in a similar population of Caucasian children (N = 614) a normal mean value of 5.6 ±.07 mg/100 ml was observed. The difference had a P value <.001. Comparison of 131I T3 red cell uptake values in these two groups demonstrated a significant depression (P <.01) in the Negro children. TBG saturation capacities of Caucasian children were 24.7 ± 0.6 (S.E.M.) for ages 6 to 11 years and 21.3 ± 1.1 for ages 12 to 19 years which were not different from the adult values of 22.9 ± 0.8. In Negro children these values were 28.9 ± 0.7 for ages 6 to 11 and 25.4 ± 1.9 for ages 12 to 19 which were significantly different from their Caucasian counterparts. Adult Negro PBI values of 5.6 ± 0.25 and TBG of 24.5 ± 1.5 were not different from adult Caucasian values. Thyroxine-binding pre-albumin (TBPA) saturation capacities were significantly depressed in pre-adolescents (Caucasian 71 ± 7; Negro 69 ± 4) and adolescents (Caucasian 105 ± 13; Negro 109 ± 19) below the normal adult values but no racial difference was displayed. It is now apparent that racial origin must be a consideration in the evaluation of pre-adolescent and adolescent PBI and 131I T3 red cell uptake results and that TBPA and TBG capacities may normally alter during puberty in a manner independent of each other rather than reciprocally as has been recently proposed.
OVARIAN ASCORBIC ACID DEPLETION TEST FOR LUTEINIZING HORMONE
Authors: Koed Hans Jacob , Hamburger Christian 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Comparison of the dose-response curves for LH of ovine origin (NIH-LH-S8) and of human origin (IRP-HMG-2) using the OAAD test showed a small, though statistically significant difference, the dose-response curve for LH of human origin being a little flatter. Two standard curves for ovine LH obtained with 14 months' interval, were parallel but at different levels of ovarian ascorbic acid. When the mean ascorbic acid depletions were calculated as percentages of the control levels, the two curves for NIH-LH-S8 were identical. The use of standards of human origin in the OAAD test for LH activity of human preparations is recommended.
THE EFFECTS OF ANDROGENIC-ANABOLIC STEROIDS ON THE RAT ADRENALS ATROPHIED BY CORTISOL
Authors: Linèt O. , Bumba V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult male rats were administered 19-nortestosterone phenylpropionate (NTPP), methandrostenolone (MA) (2 mg/100 g/day), cortisol (1 mg/100 g/day) and a combination of these steroids for 10 consecutive days. Cortisol caused a decrease in the adrenal weight on the 5th day and this effect was partially inhibited by NTPP or MA on the 8th and 11th day. The adrenal cholesterol content fell after NTPP on the 5th, 8th and 11th day, after cortisol treatment on the 8th and 11th day, and after MA on the 11th day. The cholesterol depleting effect of cortisol was counteracted only by simultaneous treatment with NTPP on the 11th day. The decrease in wet and dry weight of adrenals and of their nitrogen and protein content induced by the injection of cortisol for 10-days was markedly inhibited by the simultaneous administration of NTPP or MA. Neither of these anabolic-androgenic steroids affected the enhanced water retention in the adrenals caused by cortisol. NTPP or MA alone did not influence the parameters mentioned above.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XXXIII.
Authors: Marcus G. J. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In an extension of previous studies which had shown that decidual induction in the rat depends on the availability of histamine, the possibility that exposure of the rat uterus to semen influences the availability of histamine in the uterus was investigated. The histamine content of the rat uterus was measured following normal mating (uterus exposed to seminal plasma plus sperm), following mating with vasectomized males (uterus exposed to seminal plasma only) and following electrical induction of pseudopregnancy. Mating with vasectomized males resulted in an elevation of the histamine content of the uterus from the low level characteristic of electrically induced pseudopregnancy to approximately the level characteristic of pregnancy in the preimplantation period. Histamine-release, which occurs at the time of decidual induction in the pregnant rat, did not occur in the uterus of the rats mated with vasectomized males. The elevation in histamine following mating was attributed to importation by cells infiltrating the uterus in response to the stimulus of mating. The non-release of histamine was attributed to the lack of stimulation in the absence of the blastocyst.
CHRONIC EFFECTS OF TRIIODOTHYRONINE ON THYROTROPHIN LEVELS IN THYROIDECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Bakke J. L. , Lawrence N. L. , Schönbaum E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to study the mechanism of the paradoxical potentiating effect of small doses of thyroid hormone on propylthiouracil goiter growth in rats, serum and pituitary thyrotrophin (TSH) titers were measured after small and larger doses of triiodothyronine (T3) in thyroidectomized rats. A small dose of T3, 4 μg daily, sufficient to maintain normal oxygen consumption, caused elevated pituitary and serum TSH titers when compared to controls. Reduced titers of TSH resulted from a larger dose of T3, 16 μg daily. It is concluded that the goitrogenic action of small doses of thyroid hormone is not limited to an interaction peculiar to propylthiouracil administration but may be the result of direct stimulation of increased synthesis and secretion of TSH by the pituitary gland and is seen even in the absence of thyroid tissue or propylthiouracil. It is hypothesized that small amounts of thyroid hormone are necessary for optimal or maximal synthesis and secretion of TSH. These effects may be mediated directly at the pituitary gland or at a suprapituitary level. It was also found that stalk-median eminence TSH titers were significantly increased in the thyroidectomized rats that received a large dose of T3, as compared to those that received no T3, i. e. the effects were the opposite of those seen in the pituitary gland.
LEYDIG CELLS AND EPIDIDYMAL SECRETION IN THE HUMAN FOETUS AND NEONATE IN NORMAL AND COMPLICATED PREGNANCY
Authors: Zondek Lilly H. , Zondek Theodor 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The number of Leydig cells in the testes of 122 human foetuses and neonates has been related to the secretory activity of their epididymides. Cases of normal and complicated pregnancy have been included in the survey. It was noted that the number of Leydig cells does not appear to correlate with the epididymal secretion either in normal or in complicated pregnancy.
OCCURRENCE AND FUNCTION OF CORPORA LUTEA DURING DIFFERENT FORMS OF ORAL CONTRACEPTION
Authors: Østergaard E. , Starup J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
144 fertile women were treated cyclically with a daily dose of 5 mg of 6-methyl-6-dehydro-17α-acetoxyprogesterone (megestrol acetate) + 0.1 mg of 17α-ethynyl-oestradiol-3-methylether (mestranol) for a period of 1 to 24 months. The excretion of pregnanediol on days 21 to 23 never exceeded 0.9 mg/day, and there was no correlation between the excretion of pregnanediol and the length of the treatment period.
In 62 fertile women it was shown by laparotomy, that inhibition of ovulation was extremely reliable when treatment with megestrol acetate + mestranol was initiated at the latest on day 7. If the treatment was started later than day 7 then the inhibition of ovulation was increasingly unreliable, and from day 10 there was no inhibition of ovulation. As could be expected the excretion of pregnanediol on day 23 was invariably low in all patients who did not show any sign of recent ovulation. More surprising was the finding of a low excretion of pregnanediol in 6 patients in whom fresh corpora lutea were found at laparotomy on day 24. This finding might be due either to an impaired function of the corpus luteum or to an influence of the steroids on the metabolism of progesterone or on the analysis used for the determination of pregnanediol. This problem has been the subject of more detailed studies.
16 fertile women underwent laparotomy on days 24 to 26, and in the cycle in which the laparotomy was performed, treatment was initiated on day 10 or later with megestrol acetate only, mestranol only, or the combination of both substances. All patients showed fresh corpora lutea. It was observed that not only megestrol acetate + mestranol, but also megestrol acetate only suppressed the excretion of pregnanediol in the late part of the cycle when treatment was initiated before ovulation, whereas mestranol only caused no decrease in the pregnanediol excretion. If treatment with megestrol acetate + mestranol was started after ovulation then the excretion of pregnanediol was not suppressed, but the luteal phase was shorter than usual. In addition, it was observed in 3 postmenopausal women, that megestrol acetate caused no significant changes in the excretion of pregnanediol following intramuscular administration of progesterone. It is therefore concluded that the low excretion of pregnanediol observed during treatment with megestrol acetate + mestranol in patients showing fresh corpora lutea, is due to an impaired function of the corpus luteum and not to a change in the metabolism of progesterone. Furthermore, it appears that megestrol acetate is responsible for this effect.
EFFECT OF ANDROGENS AND ANABOLIC STEROIDS ON RABBIT URINARY BLADDER AND URETER
Authors: Rasmussen Finn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of testosterone propionate and methandrostenolone on the connective tissue components in intact bladder, ureter, and healing linear urinary bladder wounds was studied in male albino rabbits. No morphological changes due to hormone treatment was observed. Treatment with testosterone propionate caused a decrease in the content of water and acid mucopolysaccharides during most of the experimental period, which lasted for 28 days after the production of wounds, and decreased the collagen concentration 28 days after operation. Methandrostenolone showed a growth-promoting action as well as a dubious depressant effect on the water content in the healing wounds, but was without influence on the collagen and acid mucopolysaccharide contents.
EFFECT OF PREGNANCY ON THE RABBIT URINARY BLADDER AND URETER.
Authors: Rasmussen Finn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The connective tissue changes in the intact urinary bladder and ureteral tissues, and in healing urinary bladder wounds, were studied in pregnant and non-pregnant female rabbits. Pregnancy caused a significant rise in ureteral water content, but no significant alterations in intact bladder tissue. In the healing wounds, a marked reduction in the content of acid mucopolysaccharides and in the uptake of radiosulphate was observed from the seventh day after operation. At this time, the production of relaxin is known to increase rapidly. A possible relation between the lowered content of acid mucopolysaccharides and hormone production during pregnancy, is discussed.
EINFLUSS VON TESTOSTERON AUF DIE MITOSERATE IN VESIKULARDRÜSEN UNREIFER RATTEN
Authors: Dahnke H.-G. , Mosebach K.-O. , Dirscherl W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We studied the influence of testosterone on the rate of mitosis in the seminal vesicles of immature Sprague-Dawley rats. In contrast to castrated mature rats the rate is significantly increased nine hours after a single injection of testosterone (100 μg) already. Extrapolation leads to the assumption of an immediate action. The quotient of the rates of mitosis between treated and untreated rats reaches a constant value in about 20 hours after a single injection of the hormone. The influence of testosterone on the rate of mitosis shows qualitatively the same course as the influence on the incorporation of 14C thymidine into the DNA, though a mathematical calculation does not show any quantitative conformance.
A METHOD FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF PROGESTERONE, ANDROSTENEDIONE, TESTOSTERONE AND DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS
Authors: Aakvaag Asbjørn , Fylling Petter 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is presented for the simultaneous determination of progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate in biological fluids. The method has been applied for the investigation of the secretion of these compounds by the ovary as well as their concentration in ovarian cyst fluid and peripheral plasma.
The concentrations of the three androgens were all found to be higher in ovarian venous plasma than in peripheral plasma, and are thus shown to be secreted by the human ovary. High concentrations of progesterone were found in the ovarian vein blood when a corpus luteum was present. In some cases progesterone was also found to be secreted by the ovary during the follicular phase. The data are discussed and found to be in agreement with the suggestion that progesterone and androgens are secreted by different anatomical compartments of the human ovary in vivo.