bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Conservative and surgical treatment of canine acetabular fractures: A review of 34 cases
Authors: Butterworth S. J. , Gribben S. , Skerry T. M. , Denny H. R. , Barr A. R. S. , Gregory S. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe case histories of 34 dogs with acetabular fractures are reviewed. Twenty‐one were treated surgically and 13 conservatively. A classification system for acetabular fractures is presented and the results of treatment in each group are described and discussed.
Subarachnoid abscess as a complication of discospondylitis in a dog
Authors: Lobetti R. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA three‐year‐old German shepherd dog was presented with a history of acute neck pain. A diagnosis of acute discospondylitis involving two intervertebral disc spaces was made. The dog initially responded to conservative treatment over an eight‐week period and then suddenly deteriorated. Spinal cord compression was evident on cervical myelography. At autopsy, a subarachnoid abscess was present at the intervertebral disc space between the sixth and seventh cervical vertebrae.
Bodyweight and feed intake of German shepherd bitches during pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Schroeder G. E. , Smith G. A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThirty German shepherd bitches were assessed for weekly changes in bodyweight, daily food intake and litter size during pregnancy and lactation. The weekly changes in food intake and bodyweight were divided into two and three phases, respectively. Linear regression equations were used to fit each phase. The bodyweight of the bitches at mating ranged between 17 and 36 kg. The same diet was used for all the bitches throughout the study. Despite the tendency that litter size, birthweight and bodyweight of the puppies at three and six weeks increased with age of the bitch, no significant differences could be found. Significant (P<0·05) bodyweight differences existed at mating between the age groups. High correlations existed between mating weight and weight at 60 days of pregnancy (r2= 0·94] and between mating weight and weaning weight (r2= 0·89) of the litter. It was possible to successfully establish performance criteria for the reproductive German shepherd bitch in a commercial breeding unit, which can be used as a baseline to improve diets and feeding programmes by means of dietary manipulations.
Diagnostic importance of urothelial cells of the dog and cat
Authors: Batamuzi E. K. , Kristensen F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe cells lining the canine and feline urinary tract and their role in the diagnosis of urological diseases in small animals is assessed. The urothelium was found to consist of transitional epithelial cells ranging from the calyces to the urethra. Caudate cells were found lining the ureter, renal pelvis and the calyces. There was no feature that could be used to distinguish the transitional cells from different parts of the urothelium. Squamous cells were found lining the urinary tract from the trigone to the vagina in females and to the urethra in male animals. Hydropic degeneration in the form of vacuolation of the cytoplasm, granulation and total loss of cytoplasm was one of the urine‐induced degenerative changes recorded in the transitional cells. The significance of the degenerative changes in the management of urological problems is discussed.
Parotid salivary gland adenocarcinoma with bilateral ocular and osseous metastases in a dog
Authors: Habin D. J. , Else R. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of primary parotid salivary gland adenocarcinoma is described in a three‐year‐old entire female great dane. The presenting complaint was sudden onset blindness concomitant with the development of bilateral hyphaema and anterior uveitis. A soft‐tissue swelling of the left subaural region and right forelimb lameness were also present. A definitive diagnosis of primary parotid salivary gland adenocarcinoma with bilateral ocular metastases was made on post mortem examination. Metastases were also present in the right proximal humerus, left and right prescapular lymph nodes, left axillary lymph node, left retropharyngeal lymph node, bronchial lymph nodes and all lung lobes.
Synovial cysts in cats
Authors: Stead A. C. , Else R. W. , Stead M. C. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiographic appearance and histological findings in three cats with cystic extensions of the elbow joint capsule are described. The condition was only temporarily alleviated by surgical excision or drainage. In all cases the condition was associated with osteoarthritis.
Pulverulent nuclear cataract in the Norwegian buhund
Authors: Bjerkas E. , Haaland M. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPulverulent cataracts were diagnosed in 52 of 102 Norwegian buhunds, with both sexes being equally affected. All the dogs were otherwise considered clinically healthy. Initial lens changes were visible from six and a half weeks of age as small dots parallel to the suture lines behind the nucleus. Gradually, the opacities along the suture lines became more opaque until, by the age of four to five and a half years, they had progressed to involve the fetal nucleus which then resembled a ball of candy floss. The outer part, the adult nucleus, usually remained clear, and the cortex was not involved. The ages of the dogs in the present study ranged from three and a half weeks to 12 years at first examination. An outcross of an affected bitch to a mixed‐breed dog resulted in three puppies, of which two were affected. The retinas could be evaluated in all the examined dogs, and revealed no abnormalities except for one case of focal retinopathy. In addition to the pulverulent cataracts, 10 cases of cortical cataracts were diagnosed, three of which also had pulverulent cataracts. Based on the pedigrees, an autosomal dominant mode of inheritance with a high degree of penetrance is suggested for pulverulent cataract.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of non‐palpable Sertoli cell tumours in infertile dogs
Authors: England G. C. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThree previously fertile dogs were examined with a history of recent infertility. Semen evaluation revealed marked spermatozoal abnormalities, including lesions of the mid‐piece region, poor spermatozoal motility and a low total spermatozoal output. The mean number of live normal spermatozoa was 21·1 ± 17·4 × 106spermatozoa. Examination of the testes with diagnostic B‐mode ultrasound demonstrated solitary mass lesions which in each case were not palpable. Plasma oestrogen concentrations were elevated (mean, 43·0 ± 8·s 5 pg/ml), and histologically the masses were shown to be Sertoli cell tumours. Several months after unilateral orchidectomy there was an increase in the percentage of normal spermatozoa and an increase in the spermatozoal motility and total spermatozoal output. The mean number of live normal spermatozoa was 149·8 ± 22·9 × 106spermatozoa and all the dogs subsequently returned to fertility. Ultrasonographic examination of the testes should be considered part of the routine investigation of the male reproductive tract.
Poor semen quality in Irish wolfhounds: A clinical, hormonal and spermatological study
Authors: Dahlbom M. , Andersson M. , Huszenicza G. , Alanko M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOn the basis of clinical observations, Irish wolfhounds were suspected as being subject to a relatively high incidence of soft testicular consistency and low semen quality. Thirty‐seven Irish wolfhounds and 67 dogs of other breeds (control group) were therefore examined. Conventional andrological studies were performed in both groups, these included libido testing, palpation and measurement of testes and semen evaluation. Semen evaluation was performed both manually and by videomicrographic analysis. Testosterone concentrations were measured both before and after human chorionic gonadotropin challenge in the Irish wolfhounds. The Irish wolfhounds had lower libidos than the control group. More Irish wolfhounds (21‐2 per cent) exhibited low semen quality than the control group (6‐1 per cent). Soft testicular consistency occurred more frequently in Irish wolfhounds (25‐7 per cent) than in the control group (10‐5 per cent). In the control group, bodyweight correlated significantly with total sperm count. Serum testosterone concentration did not correlate with semen quality parameters.
Surgical treatment of intramedullary spinal cord neoplasia in two dogs
Authors: Jeffery N. D. , Phillips S. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn area of intramedullary spinal cord enlargement at the thoracolumbar junction was identified by myelography in each of two dogs, Exploratory laminectomy followed by durotomy and myelotomy permitted removal of an intramedullary neoplasm in each dog. In one animal the tumour was diagnosed to be an ependymoma, in the other the tumour had the characteristics of a nephroblastoma. Following surgery each dog recovered quickly to pre‐operative status or better. In one dog there was long term resolution of neurological deficits, while the other was euthanased because of persistent faecal incontinence.
Encephalo‐myelopathy in young cats
Authors: Palmer A. C. , Cavanagh J. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTNineteen cats, aged three to 16 months, developed neurological signs including hindleg paralysis, head shaking, nystagmus, defective vision and reduced proprioception. Most of the animals were in cat colonies in research centres and were derived from specific pathogen‐free stock. One was referred from veterinary practice. Over 40 per cent of litters could be affected constituting a serious commercial loss. Wallerian degeneration affected long tracts in the spinal cord and variously in the brain stem and cerebral white matter. In seven animals there was loss of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum and in eight there was neuronal loss in the spinal cord. Gliosis accompanied all changes. Although no viral agent was isolated the clinical pattern of the disease and evidence from other cases reported in the literature suggest an infectious cause.
Effect of the interval between feeding and drug administration on oral ampicillin absorption in dogs
Authors: Küng K. , Hauser B. R. , Wanner M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEight dogs of various breeds received single oral doses of 20 mg/kg bodyweight ampicillin at four different time intervals relative to feeding a meal. In treatment A the dogs were fasted for 12 hours before and after ampicillin administration. In treatment B the dogs received ampicillin immediately after, in treatment C one hour before and in treatment D two hours after the meal. Each dog received these treatments during a period of feeding dry and canned dog food according to an 8 × 8 Latin square design. Blood samples were taken at specified time intervals after drug administration by jugular venepuncture. Antibiotic concentrations in plasma were determined by microbiological assay. Non‐compartmental pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated from the individual concentration‐time curves and were compared by non‐parametric statistic tests between treatments and types of food. With both dry and canned food ampicillin absorption was impaired when the drug and food were given at the same time (treatment B) as compared to the absorption in fasting dogs (treatment A and C). On dry food, drug absorption was also decreased in treatment D. It is recommended for clinical purposes to give ampicillin to fasted dogs, and to wait at least one hour before feeding. After a meal (dry food) waiting two hours until drug administration is not sufficient to avoid impaired ampicillin absorption.
Percutaneous biopsy of abdominal organs under ultrasound guidance
Authors: Barr F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPercutaneous sampling of one or more abdominal organs was performed under ultrasound guidance in 89 dogs and 16 cats. Tissue core samples were considered to be of diagnostic quality in 92 per cent of hepatic and 100 per cent of renal biopsies. Core biopsies were collected from the prostate in only three cases but each was adjudged of diagnostic quality. The technique allowed a definitive diagnosis or normal tissue to be confirmed in 65 per cent of animals undergoing hepatic biopsy, 83 per cent undergoing renal biopsy and 82 per cent undergoing prostatic biopsy or aspiration. Few complications occurred which could be ascribed with certainty to the procedure. One dog with extensive hepatic necrosis died one week after the biopsy, but necropsy examination was denied. One severely debilitated cat did not recover from general anaesthesia. One dog underwent aspiration of a sterile intraprostatic cyst, and developed prostatic abscessation one week later; prostatic carcinoma was subsequently found. Careful selection and preparation of patients for biopsy are essential. With this caveat, ultrasound‐guided sampling of abdominal organs is a useful technique allowing a definitive diagnosis in a high proportion of cases. The technique is minimally invasive and the complication rate low.
Fracture associated sarcoma in the cat
Authors: Fry P. D. , Jukes H. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA nine‐year‐old neutered male cat developed an osteosarcoma 15 months after the surgical repair of the proximal femur using an intramedullary pin at the fracture site. The repair had been effective with good healing of the fracture and restoration of normal activity.
Investigating uterine disease in the bitch: Uterine cannulation for cytology, microbiology and hysteroscopy
Authors: Watts J. R. , Wright P. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA technique for transcervical cannulation of the uterus of the bitch for the collection of samples for cytology and microbiology was developed. This technique involved passing a cannula into the uterus with the aid of an endoscope. The uterus was cannulated successfully in mature bitches (over 10 kg) 110 times in 144 attempts. Success of cannulation was influenced by the experience of the operator and ease of cannulation by the stage of the reproductive cycle, the size of the bitch and the type of cannula. Complications associated with the procedure were endometritis, vaginitis and vaginal tears. Uterine cannulation was generally possible in all bitches studied at all stages of the reproductive cycle. Techniques for the collection of samples from the uterus for cytology and microbiology and for the processing of samples for uterine cytology are outlined. Hysteroscopy was performed on seven occasions in post partum bitches and was found to be possible at least until day 17 after whelping.
Assessment of dose and time responses to TRH and thyrotropin in healthy dogs
Authors: Sparkes A. H. , Gruffydd‐Jones T. J. , Wotton P. R. , Gleadhill A. , Evans H. , Walker M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTChanges in total thyroxine (T4 [TT4]), free T4(FT4) and total tri‐iodothyronine (T3 [TT3]) in serum after the intravenous administration of different doses of thyrotropin (TSH) and thy‐rotropin‐releasing hormone (TRH) were measured in six healthy beagles. Significant (P<0·05) elevations in serum TT4, FT4 and TT3 were observed at each sampling time (two, four, five, six, seven, eight and 10 hours) after administration of 1, 3 or 5 iu (total dose) TSH and peak mean responses were observed six to eight hours after injection. At six hours after injection the mean TT4, FT4 and TT3 levels were approximately 2·6, 3·9 and 1·5 times basal levels, respectively, and there were no significant differences between the three doses of TSH. Significant (P<0·05) elevations in serum TT4 and FT4 but not TT3 were observed at each sampling time (two, four, five, six, seven and eight hours) after the administration of TRH. Peak mean responses were observed at four hours after injection at which time TT4 and FT4 levels were approximately 1·7 and 1·9 times basal levels, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the four doses of TRH used (100, 200, 300 and 600 μg total dose). Concentrations of TT4, FT4 and TT3 were significantly (P<0·05) higher following the administration of TSH compared with TRH, and the response to TRH showed greater individual variation.
Posterior mediastinal paraganglioma involving the spinal cord of a dog
Authors: Mascort J. , Pumarola M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA posterior mediastinal paraganglioma is described in a five‐year‐old female collie showing paralysis of the hindlimbs. The mass was observed radiographically and a myelogram confirmed a spinal cord compression at the thoracic level. Histological examination of the mass diagnosed a paraganglioma which was confirmed by histochemical and immunohistochemical studies. This is compared with paraganglioma found in man.
Chronic carriage of multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium in a cat
Authors: Wall P. G. , Davis S. , Threlfall E. J. , Ward L. R. , Ewbank A. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTGastroenteritis caused by a multidrug‐resistant Salmonella typhimurium was diagnosed in a 12‐week‐old kitten. Although the kitten recovered from the acute episode after seven days, it continued to shed salmonella in its faeces for a further 12 weeks. Carriage was finally cleared by administering a 14‐day course of treatment with parenteral enrofloxacin. The public health implications of an infection and subsequent carriage in a cat of a salmonella strain known to cause illness in humans is discussed.
Intestinal permeability testing in dogs with diet‐responsive intestinal disease
Authors: Rutgers H. C. , Batt R. M. , Hall E. J. , Sørensen S. H. , Proud F. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFifteen dogs with signs of small and, or, large bowel disease that responded clinically to an exclusion diet were studied, using differential sugar absorption as an objective parameter of the mucosal response to the diet. Intestinal permeability and function were assessed by determining the urinary excretion ratios of lactulose/rhamnose and xylose/3‐O‐methylglucose, respectively, following oral administration of a mixture of these four sugars. Five dogs, all retrievers, were tentatively diagnosed as having dietary hypersensitivity, based upon resolution of clinical signs and normalisation of high intestinal permeability following an exclusion diet and recurrence of signs (in four of five dogs) upon challenge with the original diet. The fifth dog did not become symptomatic when challenged, but intestinal permeability increased. The remaining 10 dogs were diagnosed as having food intolerance, based upon clinical improvement on an exclusion diet, relapse on challenge with their original diet, but lack of improvement in intestinal permeability. These findings suggest that a differential sugar absorption test may be useful to determine the reasons for clinical response to exclusion diets. Demonstration of increased intestinal permeability with subsequent normalization following an exclusion diet may be useful in the diagnosis of dietary hypersensitivity, while persistent abnormalities in intestinal permeability are suggestive of underlying intestinal disease and food intolerance.
Additive benefits of EFAs in dogs with atopic dermatitis after partial response to antihistamine therapy
Authors: Paterson S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIt has been reported that 20 to 70 per cent of atopic cases in the dog can be controlled with antihistamines, though the effective antihistamine cannot be predetermined. Combination therapy with essential fatty acids (EFAS) and antihistamines has been shown to be useful in dogs. All of the work published to date has been performed in open studies, without the use of placebo, and in dogs where the aim has been to control pruritus as a symptom rather than that caused specifically by atopy. The aim of this study was to assess the combined effects of four antihistamines; hydroxyzine, chlorpheniramine, cyproheptadine and clemastine; with both an EFA supplement and a placebo of olive oil, in 25 dogs to control pruritus in clinically proven cases of atopy.
Canine cemented total hip replacements: State of the art
Authors: Olmstead M. L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTotal hip replacements in the dog have become well established over the past 20 years as an effective method for treating disabling hip conditions. A fixed head prosthesis has been the mainstay during most of this period. Return to normal function with this prosthesis has been reported at 95 per cent. Although patient selection, pre‐ and post surgical care, the surgical technique and the treatment or prevention of complications has been continually improved, it was not until recently that the prosthesis and its instrumentation were improved. Now a modular prosthesis with improved instrumentation gives the veterinary surgeon ‘state of the art’ implants and instruments. The prosthesis is easier to implant, the surgeon has greater flexibility in surgery and improved results are expected. Total hip replacement continues to be an effective way to give dogs a pain‐free, mechanically sound hip joint.
Mitral valve replacement for the treatment of congenital mitral dysplasia in a bull terrier
Authors: White R. N. , Stepien R. L. , Hammond R. A. , Holden D. J. , Torrington A. M. , Milner H. R. , Cobb M. A. , Hellens S. H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 10‐month‐old entire male bull terrier was presented with a history of collapse on exercise. Clinical examination, electrocardiography, radiography and echocardiography all supported a diagnosis of mitral valve dysplasia. There was no evidence of congestive heart failure. Surgical intervention consisted of open resection of the dysplastic mitral valve and its replacement with a bioprosthetic valve. The procedure was performed through a median sternotomy and the dog was placed on to full cardiopulmonary bypass. Total cardiopulmonary bypass time was 70 minutes. A full recovery was made and at the time of writing (17 months postoperatively) the dog is clinically normal requiring no medication.
Clinical and patho‐morphological investigation of spontaneously occurring Seriodontal isease in dogs
Authors: Hoffmann Th. , Gaengler P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTDiagnostic evaluation of, and treatment planning for, different periodontal diseases of dogs are a common problem in veterinary dentistry. Therefore the aim of the present study was to propose a classification for inflammatory periodontal disease. One hundred and twenty‐three male and female poodles (from two to over 12 years) were used for the clinical investigations; 120 periodontitis teeth were analysed for pathomorphological signs of inflammation. The recorded data made it possible to differentiate five forms of gingivitis (gingivitis simplex, hyperplastica, ulcerosa, granulomatosa and desquamativa) and three forms of periodontitis (juvenile, rapidly progressive adult and chronic adult periodontitis). The pathomorphological investigations allowed a differentiation between acute progressive inflammation, chronic nonprogressive inflammation, chronic proliferative inflammation and chronic resorptive inflammation. It is concluded that standardised diagnoses as well as the pathomorphological background may be helpful tools for providing effective treatment strategies.