bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predictive factors of virological non‐response to interferon–ribavirin combination therapy for patients infected with hepatitis C virus of genotype1b and high viral load
Authors: Akuta Norio , Suzuki Fumitaka , Sezaki Hitomi , Suzuki Yoshiyuki , Hosaka Tetsuya , Someya Takashi , Kobayashi Masahiro , Saitoh Satoshi , Watahiki Sachiyo , Sato Junko , Kobayashi Mariko , Arase Yasuji , Ikeda Kenji , Kumada Hiromitsu 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPatients with high viral load (≥1.0 × 105 IU/ml) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b do not achieve high sustained virological response rates to interferon (IFN)/ribavirin combination therapy. Previous studies suggested that pretreatment amino acid (aa) substitution patterns in the HCV core region could affect virological non‐response especially in patients who could not achieve HCV‐RNA negativity during treatment. The present study evaluated 167 consecutive Japanese adults with high HCV genotype 1b viral load who received combination therapy for ≥24 weeks. A case‐control study matched for age, sex, genotype, and viral load was conducted to investigate the predictive factors for virological non‐response, especially absolute virological non‐response (patients who could not achieve >2 log decline of HCV RNA from baseline during the initial 24 weeks of therapy). Virological non‐response was identified in 26.3% of patients, and 45.5% of these were absolute virological non‐responders. Multivariate analysis identified ribavirin dose <11.0 mg/kg, moderate‐to‐severe hepatocyte steatosis, and substitutions of aa 70 and/or 91 in the core region as significant independent factors associated with virological non‐response. The majority of absolute virological non‐responders had such substitutions in the core region (95.0%), as well as substitution of glutamine at aa 70 and/or methionine at aa 91 (90.0%). In the present work, such substitutions significantly affected the viral kinetics in virological non‐responders. The results suggest that viral, host, and treatment‐related factors determine the response to IFN/ribavirin combination therapy in patients with high HCV genotype1b viral load, and that amino acid substitution patterns in the core region is potentially useful pretreatment predictor of virological non‐response. J. Med. Virol. 78:83–90, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
A previously unrecognized sixth genotype of GB virus C revealed by analysis of 5′‐untranslated region sequences
Authors: Muerhoff A. Scott , Dawson George J. , Desai Suresh M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractGB virus C (GBV‐C) is a positive‐strand RNA virus that infects a large proportion of the world's human population. It has been classified tentatively as a member of the Flaviviridae family and has been shown to exist as a group of five closely related genotypes. Recently, we reported the first full‐length genome sequence of a genotype 5 isolate from South Africa [Muerhoff et al. (2005): J Gen Virol 86: 1729–1735]. As part of the analysis of that sequence, a phylogenetic tree was elucidated from the 5′‐untranslated region (UTR) that showed excellent congruence to the tree produced by analysis of complete open reading frame sequences. When 5′‐UTR analysis was broadened subsequently to include additional isolates from around the globe, a heretofore unrecognized GBV‐C genotype was discovered in Indonesia. When first reported in 2000 [Handajani et al. (2000): J Clin Microbiol 38:662–668], these isolates were described as constituting a novel fifth genotype. However, comparison to isolates from the then‐known fourth and fifth genotypes (from Myanmar/Vietnam and South Africa, respectively) was not performed. A dataset of 121 GBV‐C 5′‐UTR sequences was complied and included representatives of the fourth and fifth genotypes as well as the “novel” Indonesian sequences and demonstrated, with strong support via bootstrap analysis, the existence of a sixth GBV‐C genotype among infected individuals in Indonesia. The discovery of this sixth genotype emphasizes the diverse nature of GBV‐C isolates and may have important implications for the interpretation of studies involving GBV‐C/HIV co‐infected individuals. J. Med. Virol. 78:105–111, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Latent infection of human herpesvirus 7 in CD4+ T lymphocytes
Authors: Miyake Fumi , Yoshikawa Tetsushi , Sun He , Kakimi Akira , Ohashi Masahiro , Akimoto Shiho , Nishiyama Yukihiro , Asano Yoshizo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo determine the cell populations in peripheral blood that are infected latently with human herpesvirus 7 (HHV‐7), the real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine the quantities of viral DNA in adherent and non‐adherent cells from 71 healthy volunteers. Real‐time PCR, which detected the U31 gene of HHV‐7, was developed to measure viral load. The majority of non‐adherent cells (14/16; 87.5%) contained HHV‐7 DNA, while most of the adherent cells did not (1/16; 6.3%). HHV‐7 viral load in non‐adherent cells was significantly higher than that in adherent cells (P < 0.0001). Then, HHV‐7 DNA load was compared between the CD4‐positive and ‐negative cell fractions derived from the non‐adherent cells of 26 healthy adults. As in the previous experiment, only 2 (7.7%) of the 26 adherent cell specimens contained small amounts of HHV‐7 DNA (27.7 copies/1 × 106 cells and 208.7 copies/1 × 106 cells). In contrast, 88.5% of CD4+ T cell samples (23/26 specimens) were positive for HHV‐7 DNA, ranging from 0.4 to 3,542.8 copies/1 × 106 cells. Viral DNA was detected in only 3 (11.5%) of the 26 CD4− T cell specimens, with 8.4, 63.5, and 74.1 copies/1 × 106 cells. HHV‐7‐positive DNA loads were significantly higher in the CD4+ T cells than those observed in the CD4− T cells (P = 0.0005). The relationship between HHV‐7 viral loads in non‐adherent cells and those in saliva was investigated. Comparison of HHV‐7 DNA load between blood CD4+ T cells and saliva revealed that the HHV‐7 DNA load in saliva correlated with that present in CD4+ T cells (r = 0.415; P = 0.0174). J. Med. Virol. 78:112–116, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Detection of specific human papillomavirus types in paraffin‐embedded sections of cervical carcinomas
Authors: Bryan Janine T. , Taddeo Frank , Skulsky DeeMarie , Jansen Kathrin U. , Frain Barbara M. , Qadadri Brahim , Brown Darron R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of most cervical carcinomas. A complete understanding of the HPV types that cause cervical carcinoma is needed as vaccines are designed. Fresh tissues are not always available for such studies. We therefore sought to determine the feasibility of HPV studies using formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of 56 cervical carcinomas, correlating typing information with the pathology and physical state of the HPV sequences within cells. Sections from each specimen were used to extract and purify DNA. Specific HPV types were identified using a PCR/reverse blot strip assay. Tyramide signal‐amplified, fluorescent DNA in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to localize HPV within cells. Human β‐globin sequences were amplified in DNA from all specimens. HPV sequences from oncogenic types were identified in 52 of 56 (92.9%) by PCR/reverse blot strip assay, and in one additional case using an HPV 16 multiplex PCR assay. HPV 16 was the most commonly detected type, present in most cases as a solitary isolate. Thirty‐ five of 42 HPV 16 or HPV 18 PCR‐positive specimens were also positive in the FISH assay, in most cases in a pattern consistent with viral integration. We conclude that HPV typing from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections of cervical carcinomas is possible, with a sensitivity that is similar to that found in studies using fresh tissue. J. Med. Virol. 78:117–124, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Establishment of functional B cell memory against parvovirus B19 capsid proteins may be associated with resolution of persistent infection
Authors: Corcoran A. , Crowley B. , Dewhurst C. , Pizer B.L. , Doyle S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractParvovirus B19 (B19) infection can occur during acute lymphoblastic leukemia and persistent viral infection can occur despite intravenous immunoglobulin administration. Here, evidence is presented that resolution of persistent B19 infection in an acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient may be associated with the simultaneous strengthening of antigen‐specific B cell memory against the B19 capsid protein VP2 and diminution in the memory response against the B19 non‐structural protein 1 (NS1). Determination of antigen‐specific B cell memory status may enhance the serological and molecular analyses of persistent B19 infection. J. Med. Virol. 78:125–128, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Aberrant cellular immune responses in humans infected persistently with parvovirus B19
Authors: Isa Adiba , Norbeck Oscar , Hirbod Taha , Lundqvist Anders , Kasprowicz Victoria , Bowness Paul , Klenerman Paul , Broliden Kristina , Tolfvenstam Thomas 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA subset of parvovirus B19 (B19) infected patients retains the infection for years, as defined by detection of B19 DNA in bone marrow. Thus far, analysis of B19‐specific humoral immune responses and viral genome variations has not revealed a mechanism for the absent viral clearance. In this study, ex‐vivo cellular immune responses were assessed by enzyme linked immunospot assay mounted against the majority of the translated viral genome. Compared to seropositive healthy individuals, individuals with B19 persistence (2–8 years) showed larger number of responses to the structural proteins (P = 0.0022), whereas responses to the non‐structural protein were of lower magnitude (P = 0.012). These observations provide the first findings of immunological discrepancies between individuals with B19 persistence and healthy individuals, findings that may reflect both failed immunity and antigenic exhaustion. J. Med. Virol. 78:129–133, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Dual infection due to simian G3—human reassortant and human G9 strains of rotavirus in a child and subsequent spread of serotype G9, leading to diarrhea among grandparents
Authors: Awachat Pinki S. , Kelkar Shobhana D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCultivation of rotavirus from day 1 and 3 fecal specimens of a child yielded simian SA11‐human reassortant, G3P[8] and AU32 like G9P[8] rotavirus strains, respectively. Diarrhea developed in the grandfather by sheer hospital visits, and in the grandmother, after wiping the vomit of the grandfather. AU32 like G9 strains were isolated from the grandparents also. Rotavirus specific IgM developed in all the three patients. A fourfold rise in G9 neutralizing antibodies was observed in the child and grandmother. The child's mother had asymptomatic rotavirus infection. The study highlights the potential of G9 serotype to spread from children to adults. J. Med. Virol. 78:134–138, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Frequency of hepatitis B virus ‘a’ determinant variants in unselected Spanish chronic carriers
Authors: Avellón Ana , Echevarria José M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe prevalence in the population of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) variants that may impair diagnosis, or allow the virus to escape vaccine‐induced immunity or passive immunoglobulin therapy is unknown. A genome fragment encoding HBsAg amino acids 112–212 was amplified and sequenced from the sera of 272 unselected DNA‐positive, HBV‐chronic carriers from Spain. The genotype and the HBsAg subtype were predicted from the sequences. Analysis of amino‐acid positions 112–157 revealed single or multiple substitutions in 39% of the carriers studied. Mutations were not detected for residues 121, 135, 137, 139, 140, 141, 142, 146, 147, 148, 149, 151, 152, 153, 155, 156, and 157. Substitutions reported previously to be in association with failures of diagnostic tests or with vaccine or immunoglobulin therapy escape were found in 12.5%, 6.6%, and 9.2% of carriers, respectively. Met133Thr (2.2%); Gln129His, Met133Ile, Phe/Tyr134Asn (1.8%); Phe/Tyr134Leu, Gly145Ala (1.5%), and Pro120Thr (1.1%) were the most frequent. Other substitutions, including Gly145Arg (0.4%), were found at a frequency of less than 1%. Samples containing HBV mutants were tested with three commercial assays for HBsAg screening. Almost all the mutants reacted to the upper cut‐off values of the assays, but six samples with weak reactivity with one or more of the methods were also found. Thus, HBV mutants with a potential impact on clinical and public health issues are moderately frequent among chronic carriers from Spain, although their influence on the performance of diagnostic tests seems to be slight. J. Med. Virol. 78:24–36, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Expression of insulin‐like growth factor binding proteins in healing tendon lesions
Authors: Dahlgren Linda A. , Mohammed Hussni O. , Nixon Alan J. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe treatment of overuse tendon injuries with exogenous growth factors such as insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) may facilitate an improved return to sustained athletic function. The biological effects of IGF‐I are exerted under the control of a complex of IGF receptors, binding proteins, and proteases. This IGF system includes a family of six structurally related high‐affinity IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) that protect IGF‐I from local proteases and restrict access of IGF‐I to its receptor. This study describes the expression of the IGFBPs in flexor tendon after acute injury and during healing over time. Collagenase‐induced lesions were created in the tensile region of theflexor digitorum superficialistendon of both forelimbs of 14 horses. Tendons were harvested from euthanatized horses 1, 2, 4, 8, or 24 weeks following injury. Gene expression was quantitated by fluorescent real‐time PCR, and protein expression was evaluated by Western ligand blot (WLB). Message for IGFBPs 2 to 6 was expressed in both normal and healing tendon. No IGFBP‐1 mRNA was detected in equine tendon. Message expression for IGFBP‐2, ‐3, and ‐4 increased following injury, whereas message expression for IGFBP‐5 and ‐6 decreased. Protein expression for IGFBP‐2, ‐3, and ‐4 was detected by WLB in normal tendon and showed a marked increase following injury. Protein for IGFBP‐5 and ‐6 was not detectable by WLB in normal or healing tendon. The results of this study document the IGFBP response of flexor tendons to injury and healing, which provides information necessary for the design of protocols that may enhance tendon healing through manipulation of IGF‐I ligand and binding protein levels. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind clinical trial evaluating the treatment of plantar fasciitis with an extracoporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) device: A North American confirmatory study
Authors: Kudo Patricia , Dainty Katie , Clarfield Michael , Coughlin Larry , Lavoie Pauline , Lebrun Constance 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDespite numerous publications and clinical trials, the results of treatment of recalcitrant chronic plantar fasciitis with extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) still remain equivocal as to whether or not this treatment provides relief from the pain associated with this condition. The objective of this study was to determine whether extracorporeal shock wave therapy can safely and effectively relieve the pain associated with chronic plantar fasciitis compared to placebo treatment, as demonstrated by pain with walking in the morning. This was set in a multicenter, randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, confirmatory clinical study undertaken in four outpatient orthopedic clinics. The patients, 114 adult subjects with chronic plantar fasciitis, recalcitrant to conservative therapies for at least 6 months, were randomized to two groups. Treatment consisted of approximately 3,800 total shock waves (±10) reaching an approximated total energy delivery of 1,300 mJ/mm2 (ED+) in a single session versus placebo treatment. This study demonstrated a statistically significant difference between treatment groups in the change from baseline to 3 months in the primary efficacy outcome of pain during the first few minutes of walking measured by a visual analog scale. There was also a statistically significant difference between treatments in the number of participants whose changes in Visual Analog Scale scores met the study definition of success at both 6 weeks and 3 months posttreatment; and between treatment groups in the change from baseline to 3 months posttreatment in the Roles and Maudsley Score. The results of this study confirm that ESWT administered with the Dornier Epos Ultra is a safe and effective treatment for recalcitrant plantar fasciitis. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Exposure of mouse preosteoblasts to pulsed electromagnetic fields reduces the amount of mature, type I collagen in the extracellular matrix
Authors: Sakai Yoshitada , Patterson Thomas E. , Ibiwoye Michael O. , Midura Ronald J. , Zborowski Maciej , Grabiner Mark D. , Wolfman Alan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that exposure of a mouse preosteoblast cell line to pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) would affect components of the extracellular matrix. We report that exposure of MC3T3‐E1 cells to a single PEMF waveform significantly reduced the amount of mature, α1(I) collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and the conditioned medium, without affecting the amount of total ECM protein. This decrease was not due to changes in the steady‐state level of Col1A1 mRNA or to degradation of mature collagen. We then tested the effect of three distinct PEMF waveforms, two orthogonal coil orientations, and two waveform amplitude levels on the amount of α1(I) collagen in the conditioned medium. A sequence of factorial ANOVAs and stepwise regression modeling revealed that the period (duration) of the individual pulses accounted for a significant proportion of the variance associated with the amount of α1(I) collagen in the conditioned medium. The total variance accounted for, however, was small (R2 = 0.155, p < 0.001 and R2 = 0.172, p < 0.001, in the horizontal and vertical orientations, respectively). The positive and negative regression coefficients for the coil orientations revealed that the influence of pulse period was significantly different for the orthogonal coil orientations (p < 0.001). The findings imply that the dominant influence of PEMF on the amount of mature, α1(I) collagen in the ECM is related to variables other than those expressed in the time‐amplitude domain. The results provide objective direction toward identifying waveform characteristics that contribute to the observed between‐waveform differences with regard to collagen. Advances in this area may lead toward improving waveforms and waveform delivery protocols. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound accelerated bone remodeling during consolidation stage of distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Chan Chun Wai , Qin Ling , Lee Kwong Man , Zhang Ming , Cheng Jack Chun Yiu , Leung Kwok Sui 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBone regeneration in distraction osteogenesis occurs under tensile stress with axial rhythmic distraction after osteotomy. In this study, we evaluated if the low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) was also effective on enhancement of bone remodeling during consolidation stage of distraction osteogenesis. Open osteotomy of seventeen 18‐week‐old female New Zealand rabbit tibiae were performed. The distraction was applied with the rate of 1 mm per day. LIPUS (30 mW/cm2, 1.5 MHz) was delivered for 20 min per day during 4‐week consolidation stage (n = 10). The animals without treatment served as sham group (n = 7). Plain X‐ray, peripheral quantitative computational tomography (pQCT), and torsional test were performed. Results showed that smaller radiolucent interzone of LIPUS treatment group was gradually occupied by calcified tissue in plain X‐ray at week 2. The bone mineral density (BMD) measured on radiographs increased by 9.18% in the LIPUS group. Bone mineral content (BMC), hard callus volume, and bone strength index (BSI) measured by pQCT were 83%, 116%, and 94%, respectively, in LIPUS group that were significantly greater than those of the controls. At the 4th week, LIPUS‐treated callus showed the development of neocorticalization in the proximal and distal region. The BMC, hard callus volume, and BSI of LIPUS group decreased and was not significantly different from control. This was also confirmed by the maximum torque of LIPUS‐treated callus (1424.2 ± 457.3 N · mm) obtained at week 4, which did not differ from that of the sham group (1968.8 ± 895.1 N · mm). In conclusion, the effective period of LIPUS treatment was at the initial stage of consolidation, with accelerated bone formation and remodeling. © 2005 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res
Triacylglycerol analysis of pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.) oil by electrospray and tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Segall Sérgio D , Artz William E , Raslan Délio S , Ferraz Vany P , Takahashi Jacqueline A 
Published: November 2005

AbstractElectrospray ionization liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was used to identify the fatty acid and triacylglycerol (TAG) composition of pequi (Caryocar brasiliensis Camb.) oil. The fatty acid composition was relatively simple; the oil contained approximately 442 and 517 g kg−1 of palmitic and oleic acids respectively. Linoleic and stearic acids were found in much smaller amounts. The TAG composition of pequi oil is also relatively simple with trioleoyl glycerol (OOO, 56 g kg−1), palmitoyl dioleoyl glycerol (POO, 466 g kg−1) and dipalmitoyl oleoyl glycerol (POP, 452 g kg−1) comprising 974 g kg−1 of the total. Dioleoyl stearoyl glycerol (OOS) was found in small amounts (5.2 g kg−1). All TAGs were identified via sodium adduct molecular ions [M + Na]+, where M is the TAG in question. Tandem mass analysis provided a very useful fragmentation pattern showing both sodium adduct diacylglycerol ions and diacylglycerol ions with the neutral loss of fatty acid residues. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry