bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rheological behaviour of biscuit dough in relation to water mobility
Authors: Assifaoui Ali , Champion Dominique , Chiotelli Eleni , Verel Aliette 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn this article, we were interested in the study of biscuit dough after kneading. Previous studies have shown that the dynamic properties of water and its distribution within dough influence the rheological behaviour and the machinability of dough. The viscoelastic characteristics of dough were determined with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, whereas the water mobility in the dough was studied using low‐field nuclear magnetic resonance of the proton (1H‐NMR). The influence of water content and temperature on both elastic component and proton spin–spin relaxation time was studied. We showed that the evolution of proton relaxation time measurements T2 at a molecular scale can be correlated to the rheological behaviour of dough at a mesoscopic level.
Circulating intestinal fibroblast growth factor 19 has a pronounced diurnal variation and modulates hepatic bile acid synthesis in man
Authors: LUNDÅSEN T. , GÄLMAN C. , ANGELIN B , RUDLING M. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract.Bile acids (BAs) traversing the enterohepatic circulation exert several important metabolic effects. Their hepatic synthesis, controlled by the enzyme cholesterol 7α‐hydroxylase (CYP7A1), has a unique diurnal variation in man. Here we provide evidence that the transintestinal flux of BAs regulates serum levels of intestinal fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) that in turn modulate BA production in human liver. Basal FGF19 levels varied by 10‐fold in normal subjects, and were reduced following treatment with a BA‐binding resin and increased upon feeding the BA chenodeoxycholic acid. Serum FGF19 levels exhibited a pronounced diurnal rhythm with peaks occurring 90–120 min after the postprandial rise in serum BAs. The FGF19 peaks in turn preceded the declining phase of BA synthesis. The diurnal rhythm of serum FGF19 was abolished upon fasting. We conclude that, in humans, circulating FGF19 has a diurnal rhythm controlled by the transintestinal BA flux, and that FGF19 modulates hepatic BA synthesis. Through its systemic effects, circulating FGF19 may also mediate other known BA‐dependent effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.
Reproductive strategy, clonal structure and genetic diversity in populations of the aquatic macrophyte Sparganium emersum in river systems
Authors: POLLUX B. J. A. , JONG M. D. E. , STEEGH A. , VERBRUGGEN E. , VAN GROENENDAEL J. M. , OUBORG N. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMany aquatic and riparian plant species are characterized by the ability to reproduce both sexually and asexually. Yet, little is known about how spatial variation in sexual and asexual reproduction affects the genotypic diversity within populations of aquatic and riparian plants. We used six polymorphic microsatellites to examine the genetic diversity within and differentiation among 17 populations (606 individuals) of Sparganium emersum, in two Dutch‐German rivers. Our study revealed a striking difference between rivers in the mode of reproduction (sexual vs. asexual) within S. emersum populations. The mode of reproduction was strongly related to locally reigning hydrodynamic conditions. Sexually reproducing populations exhibited a greater number of multilocus genotypes compared to asexual populations. The regional population structure suggested higher levels of gene flow among sexually reproducing populations compared to clonal populations. Gene flow was mainly mediated via hydrochoric dispersal of generative propagules (seeds), impeding genetic differentiation among populations even over river distances up to 50 km. Although evidence for hydrochoric dispersal of vegetative propagules (clonal plant fragments) was found, this mechanism appeared to be relatively less important. Bayesian‐based assignment procedures revealed a number of immigrants, originating from outside our study area, suggesting intercatchment plant dispersal, possibly the result of waterfowl‐mediated seed dispersal. This study demonstrates how variation in local environmental conditions in river systems, resulting in shifting balances of sexual vs. asexual reproduction within populations, will affect the genotypic diversity within populations. This study furthermore cautions against generalizations about dispersal of riparian plant species in river systems.
Between a rock and a hard place: evaluating the relative risks of inbreeding and outbreeding for conservation and management
Authors: EDMANDS SUZANNE 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs populations become increasingly fragmented, managers are often faced with the dilemma that intentional hybridization might save a population from inbreeding depression but it might also induce outbreeding depression. While empirical evidence for inbreeding depression is vastly greater than that for outbreeding depression, the available data suggest that risks of outbreeding, particularly in the second generation, are on par with the risks of inbreeding. Predicting the relative risks in any particular situation is complicated by variation among taxa, characters being measured, level of divergence between hybridizing populations, mating history, environmental conditions and the potential for inbreeding and outbreeding effects to be occurring simultaneously. Further work on consequences of interpopulation hybridization is sorely needed with particular emphasis on the taxonomic scope, the duration of fitness problems and the joint effects of inbreeding and outbreeding. Meanwhile, managers can minimize the risks of both inbreeding and outbreeding by using intentional hybridization only for populations clearly suffering from inbreeding depression, maximizing the genetic and adaptive similarity between populations, and testing the effects of hybridization for at least two generations whenever possible.
Control of Peste des Petits Ruminants and Poverty Alleviation?
Authors: Diallo A. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryPeste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious and often fatal viral disease of sheep and goats and also wild small ruminants. The PPR virus is distinct from but closely related to rinderpest virus and both belong to the morbivillivirus genus within the family Paramyxoviridae. PPR is a contagious transboundary disease with a significant impact on rural poor farmers. Its control should therefore be considered in programs that aim at alleviating poverty in developing countries.
Comparison of intravesical prostatic protrusion, prostate volume and serum prostatic‐specific antigen in the evaluation of bladder outlet obstruction
Authors: LIM KOK BIN , HO HENRY , FOO KEONG TATT , WONG MICHAEL YUET CHEN , FOOK‐CHONG STEPHANIE 
Published: November 2006

Aim: The aims of this study were to define the relationship between intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP), prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV) and to determine which one of them is the best predictor of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic enlargement.Methods: A prospective study of 114 male patients older than 50 years examined between November 2001 and 2002 was performed. They were evaluated with digital rectal examination, International Prostate Symptoms Score, PSA, uroflowmetry, postvoid residual urine measurement, IPP and PV using transabdominal ultrasound scan. Statistical analysis included scatter plot with Spearman’s correlation coefficients and nominal logistic regressionResults: Prostate volume, IPP and PSA showed parallel correlation. Although all three indices had good correlation with BOO index, IPP was the best. The Spearman rho correlation coefficients were 0.314, 0.408 and 0.507 for PV, PSA and IPP, respectively. Using receiver‐operator characteristic curves, the areas under the curve for PV, PSA and IPP were 0.637, 0.703 and 0.772, respectively. The positive predictive values of PV, PSA and IPP were 65%, 68% and 72%, respectively. Using a nominal regression model, IPP remained the most significant independent index to determine BOO.Conclusions: All three non‐invasive indices correlate with one another. The study showed that IPP is a better predictor for BOO than PSA or PV.
Cutaneous tuberculosis in children and adolescents: a clinicohistological study
Authors: Vashisht P , Sahoo B , Khurana N , Reddy BSN 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackground and objectives  Resurgence of tuberculosis (TB) in the era of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has rejuvenated the interest in this global health problem. Cutaneous TB, an important extra‐pulmonary form in children, is commonly seen in our dermatological practice. As detection of acid‐fast bacillus (AFB) on smear or culture is not always positive, histopathology is necessary to help in diagnosing and classifying the variants of skin TB. The current study was conducted to analyse the clinicopathological characteristics of cutaneous TB in children and adolescents.Materials and methods  This prospective study included 103 patients (age < 19 years). A detailed history and clinical examination was followed by complete investigative work up including fine needle aspiration cytology and culture. Histopathological evaluation was performed specifically noting the epidermal and dermal features. The patients were followed up regularly for one year after the start of treatment.Results  The different patterns of cutaneous TB seen were, scrofuloderma 38 (36.9%), lichen scrofulosorum 34 (33%), lupus vulgaris 22 (21.3%), TB verrucosa cutis 4 (3.9%), papulonecrotic tuberculid 4 (3.9%) and erythema nodosum 3 (2.9%). Systemic associations were seen in 55 (53.4%) patients, namely TB lymphadenitis in 30 (29.2%), pulmonary TB in 13 (12.6%), abdominal TB in 6 (5.8%) and TB arthritis in 6 (5.8%). The histopathological corroboration of clinical diagnosis was seen in 65.7% of cases of scrofulodermas, 72.7% of cases of lupus vulgaris and 67.6% of cases of lichen scrofulosorum.Conclusions  A large spectrum of clinical patterns and histological characteristics of cutaneous TB exists in children. Lichen scrofulosorum is more commonly seen in comparison to adults. Systemic involvement was a feature in a major proportion of our patients.
Citizenship Lessons from the Past: The Contours of Immigrant Naturalization in the Early 20th Century*
Authors: Bloemraad Irene 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. What were the determinants and patterns of naturalization in the first two decades of the 20th century? Low levels of citizenship acquisition among contemporary immigrants are frequently contrasted to the assumed rapid naturalization of prior European migrants, but in truth we know little about the earlier period. Historic data are well suited to investigate four explanations for naturalization: individuals' resources and skills; regulatory and bureaucratic barriers to citizenship; relative costs and benefits of citizenship; and the degree of political mobilization directed to immigrants.Methods. I use U.S. Census microfile data to run logistic regression models, and documentary material to examine the contours of immigrant naturalization in the early 20th century.Results. I find that while individual attributes matter, place of residence could be even more important; in 1900, where an immigrant lived influenced naturalization more than birthplace, ability to speak English, or literacy. Residence effects seem linked to a state's relative openness to immigration and local political mobilization. Over time, however, residence effects attenuate as the 1906 Naturalization Act and establishment of a federal naturalization bureaucracy appear to make citizenship patterns more uniform across the country.Conclusions. These findings suggest that historic and contemporary explanations of immigrants' naturalization should focus as much on the context of reception as the presumed quality of immigrants.
Fat tissue after lipolysis of lipomas: A histopathological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Bechara Falk G. , Sand Michael , Hoffmann Klaus , Sand Daniel , Altmeyer Peter , Stücker Markus 
Published: November 2006

Background:  Injections with Lipostabil®, a phosphatidylcholine (PDC) containing substance, have become a popular technique to treat localized fat accumulation and lipomas for aesthetic reasons. Despite its frequent use, the mechanism of action of PDC and histological changes of treated fat tissue still remain unclear. To investigate the histological changes of lipomas after treatment with PDC.Methods:  In all, fourteen lipomas (n = 14) in five patients presenting with multiple lipomas were treated with intralesional injections of PDC (Lipostabil®, Nettermann, Germany). Histological changes with immunohistochemical analysis of the inflammatory process were evaluated 4, 10, 24, 48 h, 10 days, 30 days and 60 days after lipolysis.Results:  Between 4 and 48 h after injection, histology shows a lobular neutrophilic infiltrate with partially destroyed fat cells. At day 10 the inflammatory process is accompanied by an infiltration of T‐lymphocytes. After 60 days formation of macrophages with foam cells are visible, accompanied by thickened septa and capsula.Conclusion:  Lipolysis with PDC results in a distinct inflammatory reaction of affected fat tissue, similar to factitial panniculitis. Early destruction of fat cells may suggest the involvement of detergent or osmotic mechanisms in the process.
Lupus erythematosus: Clinical and histopathological study of oral manifestations and immunohistochemical profile of the inflammatory infiltrate
Authors: Lourenço Silvia V. , De Carvalho Fabio R. G. , Boggio Paula , Sotto Mirian N. , Vilela Maria A. C. , Rivitti Evandro A. , Nico Marcello M. S. 
Published: November 2006

Background:  Lupus erythematosus (LE) is a multifactorial autoimmune disease, which may affect the oral mucosa in either its cutaneous and systemic forms, with varied prevalence.Methods:  Forty‐six patients with confirmed diagnosis of LE, presenting oral lesions were included in the study. Oral mucosal lesions were analyzed clinically, their histopathological features were investigated and inflammatory infiltrate constitution was assessed using immunohistochemistry against the following clusters of differentiation: CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68 and CD1a.Results:  From 46 patients with specific LE oral lesions 34 were females (25 with cutaneous LE and nine with systemic LE) and 12 were males (11 with cutaneous LE and one with systemic LE). Clinical aspects of lesions varied, and lips and buccal mucosa were the most affected sites. Histologically, lesions revealed lichenoid mucositis with perivascular infiltrate and thickening of basement membrane. Inflammatory infiltrate was predominantly composed by T lymphocytes of the CD4 subtype, with a minor prevalence of B lymphocytes, isolated macrophages and rare Langerhans cells.Conclusions:  Oral lesions of lupus erythematosus show a variety of clinical aspects and histologically consist of a lichenoid mucositis with deep inflammatory infiltrate, composed predominantly of T CD4 positive lymphocytes.
Upregulating promoter polymorphisms of RANTES relate to atopic dermatitis
Authors: Tanaka K. , Roberts M. H. , Yamamoto N. , Sugiura H. , Uehara M. , Hopkin J. M. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIt has been reported that a functional polymorphism in the promoter of the RANTES gene (−403G/A) is associated with atopic dermatitis in a German population. Although there are several reports on the association of RANTES promoter polymorphisms (−403G/A and −28C/G) with asthma, the association of these polymorphisms with atopic dermatitis has not yet been confirmed in other populations. We therefore aimed to test whether the RANTES promoter polymorphisms relate to atopic dermatitis in a well‐defined Japanese population. We conducted an association study of upregulating promoter polymorphisms of RANTES (−403G/A and −28C/G) in 389 patients with atopic dermatitis and 177 healthy control subjects. There was a significant association between the upregulating variant of RANTES −28G and atopic dermatitis, while −403A variant showed a significant association with atopic dermatitis with high IgE productivity. These results support a role for RANTES promoter polymorphisms in susceptibility to atopic dermatitis.
Thermal Entrance Heat Transfer of an Adiabatically Prepared Fluid With Viscous Dissipation in a Tube With Isothermal Wall
Authors: Barletta A. , Magyari E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractForced convection in the thermal entrance region of a circular duct is analyzed. Viscous dissipation effects are taken into account under conditions of laminar hydrodynamically developed flow. The duct wall is assumed to be isothermal in the region downstream of the entrance cross section. The prescription of the initial condition at the entrance cross section is coherent with the assumption of a non-negligible viscous heating in the whole duct. The special case of an adiabatic-wall preparation of the fluid in the upstream region is considered. This adiabatic preparation results in a non-uniform entrance temperature distribution. The governing equations are solved analytically by separation of variables. Important differences are pointed out in the comparison of the solution with those available in the literature, which are based on the assumption of a uniform temperature distribution in the entrance cross section.
Structural and Functional Conversion of Molecular Chaperone ClpB from the Gram-Positive Halophilic Lactic Acid Bacterium
Tetragenococcus halophilus
Mediated by ATP and Stress
Authors: Sugimoto Shinya , Yoshida Hiroyuki , Mizunoe Yoshimitsu , Tsuruno Keigo , Nakayama Jiro , Sonomoto Kenji 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In this study, we report the purification, initial structural characterization, and functional analysis of the molecular chaperone ClpB from the gram-positive, halophilic lactic acid bacterium
Tetragenococcus halophilus
. A recombinant
T. halophilus
ClpB (ClpB

Tha

) was overexpressed in
Escherichia coli
and purified by affinity chromatography, hydroxyapatite chromatography, and gel filtration chromatography. As demonstrated by gel filtration chromatography, chemical cross-linking with glutaraldehyde, and electron microscopy, ClpB

Tha

forms a homohexameric single-ring structure in the presence of ATP under nonstress conditions. However, under stress conditions, such as high-temperature (>45°C) and high-salt concentrations (>1 M KCl), it dissociated into dimers and monomers, regardless of the presence of ATP. The hexameric ClpB

Tha

reactivated heat-aggregated proteins dependent upon the DnaK system from
T. halophilus
(KJE

Tha

) and ATP. Interestingly, the mixture of dimer and monomer ClpB

Tha

, which was formed under stress conditions, protected substrate proteins from thermal inactivation and aggregation in a manner similar to those of general molecular chaperones. From these results, we hypothesize that ClpB

Tha

forms dimers and monomers to function as a holding chaperone under stress conditions, whereas it forms a hexamer ring to function as a disaggregating chaperone in cooperation with KJE

Tha

and ATP under poststress conditions.
The
Escherichia coli rpoS
-Dependent
htrC
Gene Is Not Involved in the Heat Shock Response
Authors: Thacker Zubin , Darmon Elise , Keppel France , Masters Millicent 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

We found that a new mutant with a deletion/replacement of the
Escherichia coli
K-12
htrC
gene, a gene previously reported to be required for growth at elevated temperatures, is not temperature sensitive. Furthermore, the original mutants, kindly provided by the original authors, although temperature sensitive, do not have mutations in the open reading frame designated
htrC
. We found that
htrC
requires RpoS for enhanced expression in the early stationary phase and is expressed at very low levels until then. The growth of our
htrC
mutant slowed during the early stationary phase, and the mutant was replaced by its parent in mixed cultures. Since we cannot assign a function or distinctive phenotype to
htrC
, we suggest that this open reading frame should be given a positional designation,
yjaZ
, until a specific function is identified.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of
Staphylococcus aureus
Small-Colony Variants in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Disease
Authors: Besier Silke , Smaczny Christina , von Mallinckrodt Christian , Krahl Andreas , Ackermann Hanns , Brade Volker , Wichelhaus Thomas A. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Small-colony variants (SCVs) of
Staphylococcus aureus
can be isolated from the chronically infected airways of patients suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF). These slow-growing morphological variants have been associated with persistent and antibiotic-resistant infections, such as osteomyelitis and device-related infections, but no information is available to date regarding the clinical significance of this special phenotype in CF lung disease. We therefore investigated the prevalence of
S. aureus
SCVs in CF lung disease in a 12-month prospective study and correlated the microbiological culture results with the patients' clinical data. A total of 252 patients were screened for the presence of SCVs. The prevalence rate was determined to be 17% (95% confidence interval, 10 to 25%) among
S. aureus
carriers.
S. aureus
isolates with the SCV phenotype showed significantly higher antibiotic resistance rates than those with the normal phenotype. Patients positive for SCVs were significantly older (
P
= 0.0099), more commonly cocolonized with
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
(
P
= 0.0454), and showed signs of more advanced disease, such as lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (
P
= 0.0148) than patients harboring
S. aureus
with a solely normal phenotype. The logistic regression model determined lower weight (
P
= 0.016), advanced age (
P
= 0.000), and prior use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (
P
= 0.002) as independent risk factors for
S. aureus
SCV positivity. The clinical status of CF patients is known to be affected by multiple parameters. Nonetheless, the independent risk factors determined here point to the impact of
S. aureus
SCVs on chronic and persistent infections in advanced CF lung disease.
Targeted Disruption of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus ORF57 in the Viral Genome Is Detrimental for the Expression of ORF59, K8α, and K8.1 and the Production of Infectious Virus
Authors: Majerciak Vladimir , Pripuzova Natalia , McCoy J. Philip , Gao Shou-Jiang , Zheng Zhi-Ming 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) ORF57 regulates viral gene expression at the posttranscriptional level during viral lytic infection. To study its function in the context of the viral genome, we disrupted KSHV ORF57 in the KSHV genome by transposon-based mutagenesis. The insertion of the transposon into the ORF57 exon 2 region also interrupted the 3′ untranslated region of KSHV ORF56, which overlaps with the ORF57 coding region. The disrupted viral genome, Bac36-Δ57, did not express ORF57, ORF59, K8α, K8.1, or a higher level of polyadenylated nuclear RNA after butyrate induction and could not be induced to produce infectious viruses in the presence of valproic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor and a novel KSHV lytic cycle inducer. The ectopic expression of ORF57 partially complemented the replication deficiency of the disrupted KSHV genome and the expression of the lytic gene ORF59. The induced production of infectious virus particles from the disrupted KSHV genome was also substantially restored by the simultaneous expression of both ORF57 and ORF56; complementation by ORF57 alone only partially restored the production of virus, and expression of ORF56 alone showed no effect. Altogether, our data indicate that in the context of the viral genome, KSHV ORF57 is essential for ORF59, K8α, and K8.1 expression and infectious virus production.