bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systemic arterial waveform analysis and assessment of blood flow during extracorporeal circulation
Authors: Romano Salvatore M , Scolletta Sabino , Olivotto Iacopo , Biagioli Bonizella , Gensini Gian Franco , Chiostri Marco , Giomarelli Pierpaolo 
Published: March 2006

Background: The pressure recording analytical method (PRAM) is a method for real-time beat-to-beat quantification of peripheral blood flow based on the analysis of arterial waveform morphology. Since PRAM can be implemented in any conditions of flow, whether physiological or artificial, we assessed its accuracy in patients undergoing cardiac surgery during extracorporeal circulation (ECC), using the roller-pump device as the reference gold standard. Methods: We prospectively studied 32 patients undergoing elective coronary surgery. Flow values obtained by PRAM from the radial artery were compared with simultaneous values by thermodilution in physiological conditions of flow and with the roller-pump device readings during ECC. Results: Before and after ECC, the overall estimates of flow measured by PRAM closely agreed with thermodilution (mean difference 0.07±0.40 L/min). During ECC, PRAM estimates of flow also closely correlated with simultaneous pump readings (mean difference 0.11±0.33 L/min). At time of weaning from ECC, two patterns of hemodynamic adaptation were documented by PRAM following resumption of cardiac contraction: in most patients ( n = 26; 80%), cardiac output (CO) was stable (reduction ≤ 10% compared to the steady ECC phase); six patients (20%) showed a fall in CO exceeding 10% and up to 38%. Conclusions: PRAM provided accurate, continuous quantification of peripheral blood flow during each phase of cardiac surgery, including ECC, and allowed early recognition of patients with low CO during weaning from the pump.
Childhood Fears and Phobias: Advances in Assessment and Treatment
Authors: King Neville J. , Muris Peter , Ollendick Thomas H. , Gullone Eleonora 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe specific phobias in children, such as night-time fears and animal phobias, should not be underestimated since they cause personal distress to the child and also much interference with daily activities. Intervention plans should be informed by multimethod assessment, using tools that are empirically sound and developmentally sensitive. This article selectively reviews a number of assessment tools including structured diagnostic interview schedules, standardised instruments such as anxiety or fear self-report questionnaires, and behavioural tasks. An overview is given of the main intervention approaches, from a behavioural perspective, including traditional behavioural intervention procedures such as systematic desensitisation and its variants, cognitive–behavioural therapy, and behavioural family therapy. The authors also present recent developments in psychodynamic treatment for phobic and anxious children. Finally, we present conclusions on the empirical standing of the various treatment approaches and also examine the important issue of treatment outcome prediction.
The Origins of Blood–Injection Fear/Phobia in Cancer Patients Undergoing Intravenous Chemotherapy
Authors: Carey Catherine L. , Harris Lynne M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the present study, responses of 197 people who were receiving chemotherapy at two outpatient clinics and who completed a questionnaire about the presence and origin of blood-injection-injury (BII) fear were examined. From this sample, 36 participants (18.9%) reported ‘strong feelings of fear, disgust or discomfort’ towards the sight of blood, receiving injections or both. Of the 36, 7 participants (19.4%) had first noticed these concerns while they were receiving chemotherapy, and a further 19 (52.8%) reported noticing them during a traumatic experience unrelated to treatment. A subgroup of 22 participants completed the Origins Questionnaire (Menzies & Clarke, 1993). Of these participants, 7 (31.8%) were classified as having an associative onset, and 6 (27.7%) were classified as nonassociative. Only 1 participant with an associative onset attributed the fear to trauma related to chemotherapy. From these data, it appears that while a large minority of the chemotherapy patients who completed the questionnaire experienced distress associated with blood and injections, in the majority of cases the onset of these fears was not attributable to trauma associated with chemotherapy.
Community Trial of an Evidence-Based Anxiety Intervention for Children and Adolescents (the FRIENDS Program): A Pilot Study
Authors: Farrell Lara J. , Barrett Paula M. , Claassens Susanne 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe aim of the current pilot study was to examine the effectiveness of the FRIENDS program (a cognitive–behavioural intervention for children and adolescents with anxiety) within a community-based clinic in Brisbane, Australia. A total of 18 children participated in the study and completed the FRIENDS program at Pathways Health and Research Centre, an innovative research-based psychology clinic for children, adolescents and families. All participants either met criteria for an anxiety disorder (N = 11) or were experiencing subclinical symptoms of anxiety (N = 7) before commencing the intervention. Before and following treatment, participants were assessed using a diagnostic interview and completed a number of self-report questionnaires. Results indicated that 73% of the participants who met criteria for an anxiety disorder before the intervention were diagnosis-free following treatment. Positive treatment effects were also found for questionnaire data, indicating that there were significant reductions on self-report levels of anxiety and depression following treatment. The outcome of this research suggests that the FRIENDS program is an effective treatment for children with anxiety, and results from this community trial replicate findings from controlled treatment trials.
On the Decline ofn= 1 Research inBehaviour Change: A Comment and Some Questions
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThen= 1 research design and the ethos underpinning it have importantly contributed to applied behaviour analysis since its inception. Many papers inBehaviour Change(BC) using this methodology have been of value to practitioners in the field, as well as to researchers and teachers. However, the rate of publication ofn= 1 papers in BC has decreased during the last decade. The present article first documents that decline in rate of publication, then raises some issues for discussion about why this has occurred. Comments from the wider readership are invited in an effort to resurrect this valuable and informative clinical research tradition.
Speech Outcome and Velopharyngeal Function in Cleft Palate: Comparison of Le Fort I Maxillary Osteotomy and Distraction Osteogenesis—Early Results
Authors: Chanchareonsook Nattharee , Whitehill Tara L. , Samman Nabil 
Published: March 2006

Objective: To compare speech outcome and velopharyngeal (VP) status of subjects with repaired cleft palate who underwent either conventional Le Fort I osteotomy or maxillary distraction osteogenesis to correct maxillary hypoplasia. Design: Prospective randomized study with blind assessment of speech outcome and VP status. Subjects: Twenty-two subjects were randomized into conventional Le Fort I osteotomy and Le Fort I distraction groups. All were native Chinese (Cantonese) speakers. Method: Perceptual judgment of resonance and nasal emission, study of VP structures by nasoendoscopy, and instrumental measurement by nasometry. Assessments were performed preoperatively and at 3 months postoperatively. Main Outcome Measures: Assessment of VP closure, perceptual rating of hypernasality and nasal emission, nasalance, and amount of maxillary advancement. Results: There was no statistical difference in any of the outcome measures between the 10 subjects with conventional Le Fort I osteotomy and the 12 subjects with maxillary distraction: hypernasality (chi-square = 3.850, p = 0.221), nasal emission (chi-square = 0.687, p = 0.774), VP gap size (chi-square = 1.527, p = 0.635, and nasalance (t = −0.145, p = 0.886). There was no correlation between amount of maxillary advancement and any of the outcome measures (p = .05 for all). Changes in VP gap size and resonance are described. Conclusion: Results need to be interpreted with caution because of the small sample size and early follow-up. However, this study utilized an assessment protocol involving a variety of outcome measures and careful consideration of reliability factors, which can be a model for further and follow-up studies.
Tongue-Palate Contact during Bilabials in Normal Speech
Authors: Gibbon Fiona E. , Lee Alice , Yuen Ivan 
Published: March 2006

Objective: Previous research using electropalatography (EPG) identified a compensatory articulation called bilabial-lingual double articulations. These double articulations were produced for bilabials by some speakers with cleft palate and involved closure at the lips occurring simultaneously with complete tongue-palate constriction. However, no normative English EPG data exist to confirm the abnormal status of these double articulations. Design: This study reports normative data for EPG contact during bilabial closure. Acoustic and EPG data were recorded for bilabials in different vowel contexts. Participants: Eight normal English-speaking adults. Measures: One measure identified complete tongue-palate constriction, and a second measure calculated percent contact. Results: There were no instances of complete tongue-palate constriction, though some EPG contact occurred in the lateral regions of the palate. The vowel context significantly affected the amount of contact present, with /i/ having the most and /a/ having the least amount of contact. Conclusion: Complete tongue-palate constriction during bilabials of the type found in bilabial-lingual double articulations is not a feature of normal English speech and can therefore be considered an abnormal articulation pattern. Speech-language pathologists who use EPG in their clinical work should be aware that some lateral contact during bilabial closure is normal.
An Economic Response to Unsolicited Communication
Authors: Loder Theodore , Van Alstyne Marshall , Wash Rick 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
If communication involves some transactions cost to both sender and recipient, what policy ensures that correct messages -- those with positive social surplus - get sent? Filters block messages that harm recipients but benefit senders by more than transactions costs. Taxes can block positive value messages, and allow harmful messages through. In contrast, we propose an ``Attention Bond,'' allowing recipients to define a price that senders must risk to deliver the initial message.The underlying problem is first-contact information asymmetry with negative externalities. Uninformed senders waste recipient attention through message pollution. Requiring attention bonds creates an attention market, effectively applying the Coase Theorem to price this scarce resource. In this market, screening mechanisms shift the burden of message classification from recipients to senders, who know message content. Price signals can also facilitate decentralized two-sided matching. In certain limited cases, this leads to greater welfare than use of even ``perfect'' filters.
Instrument-Induced Bias in Donation Mechanisms: Evidence from the Field
Authors: Norwood Bailey , Lusk Jayson L 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Eliciting actual donations toward a public good has been proposed as a means of estimating a lower bound to individuals compensating surplus, and can be accomplished using mail/phone surveys or field experiments. This study shows that when warm-glow is present, the elicitation instrument decreases the transaction costs of donating. This presents an obstacle to using the donation mechanism. As a remedy, we propose the use of a multi-donation mechanism where subjects can direct their donation to alternative public goods. Results from a field experiment confirm this instrument-induced bias can be large, suggesting field experiment practitioners should seriously consider how their experimental procedures may alter economic behavior.
Recent Advances in the Design of Polymerizable Lyotropic Liquid‐Crystal Assemblies for Heterogeneous Catalysis and Selective Separations
Authors: Gin D. L. , Lu X. , Nemade P. R. , Pecinovsky C. S. , Xu Y. , Zhou M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOrganic lyotropic liquid‐crystal (LLC) assemblies mimic molecular sieves in their nanoporous structures and their ability to incorporate catalytic functional groups. This article focuses on recent advances made by our research group in incorporating new catalytic properties into polymerizable LLC assemblies and studying the molecular‐transport properties of the crosslinked networks.
X‐Shaped Electroactive Molecular Materials Based on Oligothiophene Architectures: Facile Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties
Authors: Sun X. B. , Liu Y. Q. , Chen S. Y. , Qiu W. F. , Yu G. , Ma Y. Q. , Qi T. , Zhang H. J. , Xu X. J. , Zhu D. B. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractNovel X‐shaped conjugated oligothiophenes, which form a family of well‐defined C4‐substituted compounds with a core thiophene ring that bears four short‐chain branches containing α–α and α–β linkages, have been designed and synthesized by a facile synthetic route. Their optoelectronic properties can be electronically fine‐tuned by manipulating the segments of the branches. In solution, the four compounds show strong photoluminescence with emission maxima located at 459, 491, 494, and 547 nm. The optical properties of their films suggest an interesting conjugated effect in these X‐shaped oligomers. Cyclic‐voltammetry measurements of these compounds have been performed, and corresponding stable polymers from two of the monomers have been prepared by electrochemical polymerization. UV–vis absorption and emission properties of the resultant electroactive polymers are studied, indicating that the optical properties of the 3D polymers could be controlled by repeated potential scans.
Survival with trisomy 18—data from Switzerland
Authors: Niedrist D. , Riegel M. , Achermann J. , Schinzel A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe collected records of 352 cases of trisomy 18 karyotyped between 1964 and May 2003 from the two major cytogenetic laboratories in Northeastern Switzerland. For more detailed information about the cases we contacted the referring physicians and/or the families of the patients. In this way we collected data about survival and malformations of 161 live births, 136 induced abortions and 29 stillborns or spontaneous abortions. In 26 cases of trisomy 18, only incomplete records were available. We observed that each year more cases of trisomy 18 were cytogenetically diagnosed in the two laboratories. Before 1984 almost no prenatal diagnoses were made; however, after this date the number of prenatal diagnoses increased and in the last 10 years, accounted for 75% of all cases. A decrease in the number of postnatally diagnosed cases was also observed over the same period of time. One third of the live‐born children with trisomy 18 died during the first day of life. After 1 week, 1 month and 1 year of life the survival rates were 40, 22 and 6%, respectively. The median survival was 4 days, and only 1% of the children survived until their 10th birthday. Females were more likely to survive long term. In 63 cases autopsy reports were available for review. In 97% of these cases three or more malformations were found: 67% had VSD, 32% had horseshoe kidneys, 21% had esophageal atresia, 14% had omphalocele, 14% had facial clefts, and 11% had diaphragmatic hernias. In more than 50% genital hypoplasia was also described. We further analyzed survival of live‐borns in relation to the length of gestation and to VSD and esophageal atresia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical characteristics and survival of trisomy 18 in a medical center in Taipei, 1988–2004
Authors: Lin Hsiang‐Yu , Lin Shuan‐Pei , Chen Yen‐Jiun , Hung Han‐Yang , Kao Hsin‐An , Hsu Chyong‐Hsin , Chen Ming‐Ren , Chang Jui‐Hsing , Ho Che‐Sheng , Huang Fu‐Yuan , Shyur Shyh‐Dar , Lin Dar‐Shong , Lee Hung‐Chang 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTrisomy 18 is the second most common autosomal trisomy in newborns. The birth prevalence of this disorder is approximately 1 in 3,000 to 1 in 8,000, and the life span of the majority of patients is less than 1 year. As information regarding outcome in trisomy 18 is rather fragmentary in the literature, this study is aimed at investigating the survival and natural history of trisomy 18. We also evaluated the survival age and management of trisomy 18 in two different periods, before and after the implementation of National Health Insurance (NHI) program. Thirty‐nine cases of trisomy 18 were collected in Mackay Memorial Hospital in a 17‐year period, from 1988 to 2004. Delivery data, survival age, management before and after the implementation of NHI program, structural defects, image findings and cytogenetic results were analyzed by medical and nurse's records. The diagnosis of trisomy 18 was based on the prenatal amniocentesis or postnatal chromosome analysis. Three patients had trisomy 18 mosaicism. Since cardiovascular and central nervous systems are the most common organ systems involved in this disorder, 31 patients received brain ultrasonography and heart ultrasonography for evaluation of their multiple anomalies after admission. All patients except one died in their first year due to severe malformations of the cardiovascular or central nervous systems. The median survival age was 6 days. We found a longer survival with female patients than with male patients (P < 0.05). Implementation of NHI program in the more recent decade of this study period was associated with longer survival of trisomy 18 (P < 0.05). The three most common structural defects were clenched hands (95%), rocker bottom feet (90%), and low set or malformed ears (90%). Low birth weight was present in 90%. By cardiac ultrasonography, the top four heart defects were ventricular septal defect (94%), patent ductus arteriosus (77%) and atrial septal defect (68%). However, ten cases (32%) had complex congenital heart defects. By brain ultrasonography, the most common brain lesion was cerebellar hypoplasia (32%), followed by brain edema (29%), enlarged cisterna magna (26%) and choroid plexus cysts (19%). Although most patients with trisomy 18 die within the first few weeks after birth, it is important to recognize that a small but notable percentage of these patients will survive the first year. When prenatal or postnatal decisions need to be made, the possibility of long‐term survival should be included in any discussion to enable families to make the most appropriate decision. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neonatal management of trisomy 18: Clinical details of 24 patients receiving intensive treatment
Authors: Kosho Tomoki , Nakamura Tomohiko , Kawame Hiroshi , Baba Atsushi , Tamura Masanori , Fukushima Yoshimitsu 
Published: March 2006

AbstractManagement of neonates with trisomy 18 is controversial, supposedly due to the prognosis and the lack of precise clinical information concerning efficacy of treatment. To delineate the natural history of trisomy 18 managed under intensive treatment, we reviewed detailed clinical data of 24 patients with full trisomy 18 admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of Nagano Children's Hospital, providing intensive treatment to those with trisomy 18, from 1994 to 2003. Cesarean, resuscitation by intubation, and surgical operations were performed on 16 (67%), 15 (63%), and 10 (42%) of the patients, respectively. Mechanical ventilation was required by 21 (88%), and 6 (29%) of them were extubated. Survival rate at age 1 week, 1 month, and 1 year was 88%, 83%, and 25%, respectively. Median survival time was 152.5 days. Respiration was not stabilized in two patients with left diaphragmatic eventration and hypoplasia accompanied by lung hypoplasia, even with maximal ventilation. The common underlying factors associated with death were congenital heart defects and heart failure (96%), followed by pulmonary hypertension (78%). The common final modes of death were sudden cardiac or cardiopulmonary arrest (26%) and possible progressive pulmonary hypertension‐related events (26%). These data of improved survival, through neonatal intensive treatment, are helpful for clinicians to offer the best information on treatment options to families of patients with trisomy 18. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of water distribution in starch granules
Authors: Łabanowska Maria , Bidzińska Ewa , Dyrek Krystyna , Szymońska Joanna 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study was performed for potato and wheat starch containing Cu2+ ions as a paramagnetic probe. Distribution of water in the starch granules as well as the interactions between the copper and starch matrix of different crystalline structures were determined. EPR spectra of the native starches consisted of two different centers of Cu2+. One of them, giving at 293 and 77 K an EPR signal of axial symmetry with a well‐resolved hyperfine structure (HFS), was assigned to the Cu2+–starch complex in which Cu2+ ions strongly interacted with oxygen atoms of the starch matrix. Another Cu2+ species, exhibiting an isotropic signal at 293 K and an axial signal with resolved HFS at 77 K, was attributed to a [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex freely rotating at room temperature and immobilized at low temperatures. Interaction of Cu2+ with the starch matrix and the relative number of the particular copper species depended on the crystallographic type of starch. Dehydration at 393 K resulted in elimination of the rotating complex signal and decrease of the total intensity of the EPR spectrum caused by clustering of the Cu2+ ions. Freezing at 77 K and thawing led to restoring of the spectrum intensity and reappearing of the signal of the [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex. This effect, related to liberation of water molecules from the granule semicrystalline growth rings on freezing/thawing, was especially visible for wheat starch, indicating differences in the water retention ability of starch granules of different crystallographic structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 82:549–557, 2006This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com