bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nerve Stimulator‐Guided Repetitive Paravertebral Block for Thoracic Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Authors: Naja Zoher M. , Al‐Tannir Mohamad A. , Zeidan Ahed , El‐Rajab Mariam , Ziade Fouad , Baraka Anis 
Published: November 2007

▪ Abstract:  Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) may persist for many years and is often refractory to traditional therapeutic approaches including pharmacotherapy, focal tenderness infiltration by local anesthetic and corticosteroids, physical therapy and behavioral modification. This report describes three cases of MPS following coronary artery bypass graft, inadequate positioning during abdominal hysterectomy, and excessive physical effort refractory to conventional therapeutic approaches. Three patients were successfully treated with repeated nerve stimulator‐guided paravertebral block using a mixture of bupivacaine and clonidine.Physical examinations including a complete neurological assessments were unremarkable. Relevant diagnostic imaging (X‐ray, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography) and laboratory evaluations also failed to demonstrate any significant structural disorders or systemic diseases that might have been responsible for their pain. Nerve stimulator‐guided paravertebral block was performed at the dermatomes corresponding to the thoracic myofascial pain region. Each point was injected with 4 mL of the local anesthetic solution. If the pain returned, a second paravertebral block was performed. The three patients were pain‐free over a follow‐up period up to 2 years. Our report suggests that nerve stimulator‐guided paravertebral blockade could be a useful treatment for MPS refractory to traditional therapeutic approaches. ▪
The Burden of Headache in Neurology Outpatient Clinics in Turkey
Authors: Baykan Betul , Ertas Mustafa , Karli Necdet , Akat‐Aktas Sinem , Uzunkaya Ozlem , Zarifoglu Mehmet , Siva Aksel , Saip Sabahattin ,   the MIRA–Neurology Study Group
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  The aim of the study was to investigate the burden of headache in neurology outpatient clinics (NOCs) regardless of their primary complaint.Methods:  Patients presenting for their routine appointments in 41 NOCs were screened during the course of 1 week. All eligible subjects (n = 3682; 61.9% female, mean age 45.2 ± 16.5 years) were evaluated by a neurologist for the headache diagnosis and some demographic characteristics.Results:  Of all patients, 66.4% reported headache, and in 35.1% headache was the primary cause for admitting to the NOC. Of 3682 patients, 917 (24.9%) were diagnosed as migraine according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Thirty‐three and nine‐tenths percent of all patients admitted and 56% of the migraineurs according to IHS had severe headaches. As the headache severity increases, the ratio of the patients admitted with headache as the primary complaint increases significantly. The distribution of burden and other characteristics of headache did not differ in seven geographic regions and 41 different centers.Conclusion:  Headache complaint caused at least 1/3 of all neurological outpatient visits in Turkey and 2/3 of all patients admitted to NOC had headache. Of these patients, 1/4 had migraine according to IHS with substantial disability and severity level. ▪
Gender Justice or Just Gender? The Role of Gender in Sexual Assault Decisions at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia*
Authors: King Kimi Lynn , Greening Megan 
Published: November 2007

Objective. This article examines gender justice at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) by analyzing sexual assault cases and the impact that gender composition has on sentencing outcomes.Methods. We employ regression analysis to explain the impact of male and female jurists as decisionmakers and the subsequent outcomes rendered for victims.Results. We find that gender is a determinate factor in sentencing outcomes, and that female judges have a distinctive role that varies depending on the gender of the victim in the case.Conclusion. Contrary to criticisms that the ICTY has not provided justice for victims in sexual assault cases, we find support for the exact opposite. Sentencing disparities indicate that female jurists more severely sanction defendants who assault women, while all male panels of judges do the same for male victims.
Political and Civic Participation Among Disadvantaged Urban Mothers: The Role of Neighborhood Poverty*
Authors: Casciano Rebecca 
Published: November 2007

Objective. This article explores the relationship between neighborhood economic conditions and mothers' political and civic participation, examining whether this relationship is conditioned on mothers' individual characteristics.Methods. Using data from the Fragile Families and Child Well‐Being Study, it tests specifically whether neighborhood poverty influences mothers' voting and voluntary behavior differently depending on their income, education, race/ethnicity, and relationship status.Results. The results suggest that the relationship between neighborhood poverty and voting behavior depends on mothers' education level and relationship status, whereas the relationship between neighborhood poverty and mothers' volunteer work varies by race and relationship status.Conclusions. The results are in accordance with what some qualitative research has long suggested: that the relationship between neighborhood conditions and individual outcomes varies from person to person and group to group. Future research on “neighborhood effects” should continue to move beyond homogeneous explanations for how neighborhoods influence behavior and instead seek to determine the specific conditions under which neighborhoods exert influence on individual outcomes.
Foundations of Feminism: How Philanthropic Patrons Shaped Gender Politics*
Authors: Goss Kristin A. 
Published: November 2007

Objectives. Although recent research has documented the contributions of philanthropic foundations as “patrons” of the major identity movements, scholars know very little about the specific ways foundations have influenced these movements' development and impact. This study examines the role of foundations in shaping the U.S. women's movement of the 1960s–1980s, in particular the role that foundations played in deciding which of its claimsmakers—and by extension, its claims—would be sustained.Methods. The study is based on an original data set of nearly 6,500 foundation grants to women's groups, or for women's causes, from 1970 to 1990. It examines shifts in the types of groups that received foundation grants and in the female interests that these groups represented.Results. Philanthropic patrons were central to transforming women from servants of society into claimants against the state. Likewise, foundations played a critical role in segmenting U.S. womanhood into politically relevant subgroups (civic stewards, battered women, lesbians, etc.) with ever narrower policy claims.Conclusions. By legitimizing identity subgroups and their policy agendas, foundations played an important role in the development of special interest politics in the second half of the 20th century. In this way, professional grantmakers have constituted a critical yet overlooked force behind the construction of U.S. hyperpluralism, in the process diminishing the capacity of gender to unite women in common cause.
Incidence and prevalence of pseudoexfoliations and open‐angle glaucoma in northern Sweden: II. Results after 21 years of follow‐up
Authors: Åström Siv , Stenlund Hans , Lindén Christina 
Published: November 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To prospectively evaluate the prevalence and incidence of pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome and open‐angle glaucoma (OAG) with and without PEX and to evaluate PEX as a risk factor for glaucoma in a population born in 1915 and living in the municipality of Skellefteå in northern Sweden.Methods:  A randomized population study comprising 339 individuals. The cohort was followed for 21 years at 7 year intervals. The examination included tonometry, dilated slit‐lamp biomicroscopy, optic disc evaluation and, if glaucoma was suspected, a visual field analysis.Results:  The prevalence of PEX increased from 23%[95% confidence interval (CI): 20–26] at 66 years of age to 61% (CI 50–71) at 87 years. The annual incidence of PEX was 1.8% (CI 1.3–2.4). In the group of subjects with unilateral PEX, 55% converted to bilateral PEX during follow‐up. The prevalence of OAG was 2.1% (CI 0.8–4.3%) at 66 years of age and 25% (CI 16–35) at 87 years. Of the glaucoma cases, 59% had PEX. There was no difference in incidence between the sexes. The annual incidence of PEX and OAG did not increase with time. The overall annual incidence of OAG was 0.9% (CI 0.6–1.3%) [0.5% (CI 0.2–0.9) without PEX and 2.1% (CI 1.2–3.3) with PEX]. PEX increased the risk of glaucoma four fold in both sexes. There was no significant difference in mortality between individuals with or without PEX.Conclusion:  PEX syndrome and OAG are common in the north of Sweden. Prevalences increase with age. PEX increases the risk of glaucoma four fold. The consequences of this situation demand guidelines for handling patients with PEX, with or without other risk factors. In order to issue guidelines, more information is needed on the impact of the disease on the general health in the ageing population.
Preliminary experience of 99mTc‐Aprotinin scintigraphy in amyloidosis
Authors: Han Sai , Chong Victor , Murray Tom , McDonagh Theresa , Hunter John , Poon Fat‐Wui , Gray Henry W. , Neilly James B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground and aim:  Radio‐labelled Aprotinin has been shown to bind with amyloid fibrils in vitro as well as in vivo. The aim was to test the usefulness of 99mTc‐Aprotinin imaging in systemic amyloidosis.Methods:  Thirty‐five cases who had 99mTc‐Aprotinin scans for the assessment of systemic amyloidosis were reviewed retrospectively. Eighteen had biopsy‐proven amyloidosis and 17 were controls (amyloidosis was excluded by negative biopsies and non‐invasive tests). Five of 18 patients with amyloidosis had final diagnosis of cardiac amyloid.Results:  Physiological uptake of 99mTc‐Aprotinin was noted in the urinary tract (kidneys and bladder) and in the liver of all patients and controls; and non‐specific uptake of 99mTc‐Aprotinin was visualised in the spleen and oro‐facial structures in the majority of both groups. Myocardial 99mTc‐Aprotinin uptake was noted in all five patients with final diagnosis of cardiac amyloidosis and in none of the 30 subjects who did not have cardiac amyloid. The median heart to background uptake ratio was 2.0 in cardiac amyloid patients and 1.1 in subjects without cardiac amyloid (P = 0.0004). Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) studies of the thorax confirmed that the site of uptake lay within the myocardium. In the amyloidosis group, site‐specific 99mTc‐Aprotinin uptake was also identified in the subcutaneous tissue of the legs and in a breast nodule shown to be positive for amyloidosis on biopsy.Conclusions:  99mTc‐Aprotinin imaging may be a useful non‐invasive method for the assessment of the presence and extent of extra‐abdominal amyloid, particularly cardiac amyloidosis. It has little role in diagnosis of amyloidosis involving the oro‐facial and abdominal structures.
A Longitudinal Study to Determine the Effects of Mentoring on Middle School Youngsters by Nursing and Other College Students
Authors: Whiting Sylvia M. A. , Mallory James E. 
Published: November 2007

PURPOSE:  This study aims to utilize nursing and other college students in conducting a mentoring project aimed at determining outcomes of behavior and attitude of high‐risk middle school students over a 5‐year period.METHOD:  A quasi‐experimental study with a sample of fifth and sixth graders was conducted in which mentored subjects were tested using multiple instruments and school data to identify behavioral and attitudinal outcomes. Statistical analyses were conducted using chi‐square and one‐way analysis of variance.FINDINGS:  Academically below‐average males in the treatment group were the only cohort demonstrating significant change across all measures. The magnitude of change in this cohort, however, did significantly affect treatment group outcomes overall. Females in both treatment and control groups reflected similar changes.CONCLUSIONS:  Mentoring of schoolchildren is difficult to accomplish using college mentors because of time and schedule commitments. When college mentors are used, grade allocation seems to be a stronger incentive than when payment is the sole reward. Males whose grades are below average demonstrated positive outcomes from the mentoring experience.
Cost‐efficacy in measuring farmland biodiversity – lessons from the Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide‐tolerant crops
Authors: Qi A. , Perry J.N. , Pidgeon J.D. , Haylock L.A. , Brooks D.R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMeasuring farmland biodiversity is time‐consuming and costly. Operational data from the Farm Scale Evaluation of genetically modified crops project were collated to identify the financial and time costs of each of the 14 protocols used. A subset of 113 of the 266 experimental sites was used. The mean overall cost per site was £19 453 (£ of 2002). Laboratory time was almost 2.5 times that in the field. The most costly protocol was soil surface invertebrates because it required species level identification. The ‘bees and butterflies’ protocol at £418 per site was particularly cost‐effective. The six vegetation protocols accounted for 65% and the six arthropod protocols accounted for 29% of the total costs. The recommended reduction from 12 to 3 transects would have saved £1356 per site, 6% of total budget. A minimalist approach using the single‐season seedbank protocol would cost £3437 per site. The effect of geographical spread of sites on cost was small because of clustering of sites and the large number of protocols. Careful selection of ecological indicators can save considerable resources.
Characterization of ouabain‐induced noradrenaline and acetylcholine release from in situ cardiac autonomic nerve endings
Authors: Yamazaki T. , Akiyama T. , Kitagawa H. , Komaki F. , Mori H. , Kawada T. , Sunagawa K. , Sugimachi M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim:  Although ouabain modulates autonomic nerve ending function, it is uncertain whether ouabain‐induced releasing mechanism differs between in vivo sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings. Using cardiac dialysis, we examined how ouabain induces neurotransmitter release from autonomic nerve ending.Methods:  Dialysis probe was implanted in left ventricle, and dialysate noradrenaline (NA) or acetylcholine (ACh) levels in the anaesthetized cats were measured as indices of neurotransmitter release from post‐ganglionic autonomic nerve endings.Results:  Locally applied ouabain (100 μm) increased in dialysate NA or ACh levels. The ouabain‐induced increases in NA levels remained unaffected by cardiac sympathetic denervation and tetrodotoxin (Na+ channel blocker, TTX), but the ouabain‐induced increases in ACh levels were attenuated by TTX. The ouabain‐induced increases in NA levels were suppressed by pretreatment with desipramine (NA transport blocker) and augmented by reserpine (vesicle NA transport blocker). In contrast, the ouabain‐induced increases in ACh levels remained unaffected by pretreatment with hemicholinium‐3 (choline transport blocker) but suppressed by vesamicol (vesicle ACh transport blocker). The ouabain‐induced increases in NA levels were suppressed by pretreatment with ω‐conotoxin GVIA (N‐type Ca2+ channel blocker), verapamil (L‐type Ca2+ channel blocker) and TMB‐8 (intracellular Ca2+ antagonist). The ouabain‐induced increases in ACh levels were suppressed by pretreatment with ω‐conotoxin MVIIC (P/Q‐type Ca2+ channel blocker), and TMB‐8.Conclusions:  Ouabain‐induced NA release is attributable to the mechanisms of regional exocytosis and/or carrier‐mediated outward transport of NA, from stored NA vesicle and/or axoplasma, respectively, while the ouabain‐induced ACh release is attributable to the mechanism of exocytosis, which is triggered by regional depolarization. At both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve endings, the regional exocytosis is because of opening of calcium channels and intracellular calcium mobilization.
Photosensitizing and Radiosensitizing Effects of Hypericin on Human Renal Carcinoma Cells in Vitro
Authors: Wessels Johannes Theodor , Busse Ann‐Christin , Rave‐Fränk Margret , Zänker Stephan , Hermann Robert , Grabbe Eckhardt , Müller Gerhard‐Anton 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is extremely resistant to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The prognosis of patients with metastatic RCC still remains poor, the median survival is less than 12 months. Therefore, new therapeutic options are desirable. The aim of this study was to investigate the photosensitizing and radiosensitizing effects of hypericin on human RCC cells in vitro. First the RCC‐derived cell lines A498 and ACHN were incubated with different concentrations of hypericin. In vitro uptake and intracellular distribution of hypericin were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy. Subsequently cells were illuminated and irradiated with a dose of 2–8 Gy, respectively. Finally, metabolic activity, apoptosis and clonogenic survival were investigated. Uptake of hypericin was observed for almost all cells. Hypericin treatment combined with illumination led to a 94–97% decrease in metabolic activity and caused apoptosis in nearly 100% of RCC cells. Hypericin enhanced the radiosensitivity of A498 cells in vitro. The clonogenic survival after irradiation was significantly reduced by hypericin treatment. Taken together, the photosensitizing and radiosensitizing effects of hypericin on human RCC cells we found in this investigation could be of clinical relevance, e.g. for radiotherapy and intraoperative photodynamic therapy, respectively.
Characteristics of Dentists Providing Dental Care to Publicly Insured Patients
Authors: Pourat Nadereh , Roby Dylan H. , Wyn Roberta , Marcus Marvin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective: This study aims to identify the practice and patient care characteristics of dentists who provide care to publicly insured patients, beyond currently available existing information, which is typically limited to demographics of such dentists.Methods: A cross‐section of dentists in private practices in California was surveyed, with a 46 percent average adjusted response rate. The sample included 3,180 generalists or specialists who provided general care in private practice. Characteristics of dentists who provided care to publicly insured patients were examined in descriptive analyses. The independent association of dentist characteristics with the provision of any care and the provision of care to a significant number of publicly insured patients were examined in logistic regression analyses.Results: Over 40 percent of dentists saw public patients. Regression analyses revealed that dentists who spent more time in periodontic and surgical care, saw more walk‐in patients, had multilingual capacity, accepted reduced fees, had more minority patients, had fewer hygienists, or had multiple practice locations were more likely than those without such characteristics to provide care to publicly insured patients.Conclusions: Dentists who care for publicly insured patients appear to have practices that are different from those who do not, in terms of delivery of patient care and practice structure. Such differences have implications for the access to and quality of dental health care of publicly insured patients. The success of public programs and policies aimed at ensuring access to dental care depends on ability and willingness of dentists to accommodate public patients’ needs.
Household Expenditure in Dental Health Care: National Estimations in Mexico for 2000, 2002, and 2004
Authors: Pérez‐Núñez Ricardo , Vargas‐Palacios Armando , Ochoa‐Moreno Ivan , Medina‐Solis Carlo Eduardo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjective: To estimate the expenditure on dental care of Mexican households, analyze their trends, and determine the factors associated with the decision to spend and the amount of money spent in 2000, 2002, and 2004.Material and Methods: Using the National Survey of Household Income and Expenditure for 2000, 2002, and 2004, the national dental health care expenditure was calculated. To facilitate comparability across years, all expenditure was converted to pesos of 2004, using the National Consumer Price Index (11.201 pesos per USD). Proportion of households incurring catastrophic expenditures was also estimated. To evaluate the association between environmental, household, and individual characteristics with the amount of dental health care expenditure, the Heckman regression model was used to control for self‐selection bias.Results: More than 6,467 million pesos (MP) were spent in 2000 (8.5 percent of all households had some expenditure), over 3,925 MP in 2002 (4 percent households), and above 5,136 MP in 2004 (5 percent households), with an average expenditure of $806, $1,000, and $987 pesos, respectively. Prevalence of catastrophic expenditure because of dental health care was 0.8 percent in 2000 compared to 0.01 and 1.8 percent in 2002 and 2004, respectively. The Heckman model showed that municipal development, stratum, and age of the head of household significantly influenced the amount spent on dental care in all 3 years. Household capacity to pay and wealth index had a positive and statistically significant association in the 3 years with the preceding decision to spend.Conclusions: Variables associated with the amount of expenditure and the decision of spending support the existence of inequities in health care financing in the Mexican population.
Multidetector computed tomographic angiography of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Burrill Joshua , Dabbagh Zaid , Gollub Frank , Hamady Mohamed 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
The introduction of multidetector computed tomography MDCT is considered a dramatic development in CT imaging that has direct implication in the imaging of various systems, in particular the cardiovascular system. The advantages of MDCT are an enormous increase in imaging acquisition speed, more coverage of the patient, and high spatial resolution. This article reviews the recent developments in CT angiography and discusses the clinical application relevant to diagnosis and endovascular treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
ANALYTIC PATTERNS FOR CHAOTIC EQUATIONS
Authors: CONTE R. 
Published: November 2007

Chaotic evolution equations sometimes display regular patterns (fronts, kinks, holes), which often correspond to closed form analytic solutions. In the dissipative-dispersive Kuramoto and Sivashinsky travelling wave reduction u(x − ct), νu‴ + bu″ + μu′ + u2/2 + A = 0, ν ≠ 0, with (ν,b,μ,A) constants, such analytic solutions are known for heteroclinic solutions, but one has also observed (Toh, 1987) homoclinic solutions without corresponding analytic solutions yet. We review the search for the most general analytic solution admissible by this chaotic differential equation. Several investigations, both analytic by the Painlevé test (Thual and Frisch, 1986) and numerical by Padé approximants (Yee, Conte, Musette, 2003) indicate its quite probable single valuedness for any (ν,b,μ,A). Moreover, Nevanlinna theory on the growth of solutions near infinity rules out (Eremenko, 2005) the possibility for the singularities of this unknown closed form single valued expression to be only poles.We propose a qualitative closed form involving a deformed elliptic function.