bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La famiglia Curtabraca. Contributo alla storia della nobiltà romana del Duecento
Authors: Vendittelli Marco 
Published: October 2008

Marco Vendittelli, La famiglia Curtabraca. Contributo alla storia della nobiltà romana del Duecento, p. 177-272.

Incentrato sulle vicende di una famiglia della media nobiltà romana del secolo XIII, praticamente sconosciuta alla storiografia, il saggio si propone, in un'ottica più ampia, l'indagine su quello strato della aristocrazia romana del Duecento che nella scala sociale occupava il gradino immediatamente inferiore a quello dei grandi lignaggi dei barones. Vengono presi in esame tutti gli elementi qualificanti per l'inquadramento della famiglia nel più ampio orizzonte délia società romana del tempo : dallo studio genealogico, che il più delle volte si sostanzia di quello della trasmissione dei beni patrimoniali, all'analisi di questi ultimi, corne indice della ricchezza della famiglia e della capacità di quest'ultima di imporre la propria immagine nel contesto urbano attraverso i propri edifici, all'uso sociale di questi; dall'analisi dei rapporti che intercorrevano
tra i vari esponenti della famiglia che via via si ramificava, a quella dell'ineguale distribuirsi delle fortune dei singoli membri della famiglia stessa ; dalla percezione dello stile di vita a quella dei loro diritti signorili.
La crise du régionalisme en Méditerranée
Authors: Moisseron Jean-Yves 
Published: October 2008

Jean- Yves Moisseron — The crisis of Mediterranean regionalism.
The overview of the Barcelona accords after six years is still one of vacillation between failure and enlistment. Delays to the signature and application of the association accords seem endless. Contrary to declarations, the reality of MEDA payments is far from the fixed objectives. The cultural aspects are reduced to the bare minimum. The expected effects in regard to direct foreign investments in the Mediterranean are still lacking and the recent worsening of the international political climate are no help at all.
Stratégies de mobilité sociale des domestiques immigrées en Espagne
Authors: Oso Casas Laura 
Published: October 2008

Laura OSO CASAS — Strategies of social mobility and domestic immigrants in Spain.
This article studies the relationships between migration and social mobility of immigrant domestic workers in Spain, on the basis of interviews with women from Latin America and Philippines. The comparative analysis brings to view differentiated migratory and social mobility strategies, according to individual or family cases. The strategies for entering the job market, the residential, educational and matrimonial sequences are hereby examined. The article then evaluates the effects of such strategies on real social itineraries, on the role and the socioeconomic status of immigrant women.
Travail domestique et travail des enfants, le cas d'Abidjan (Côte-d'Ivoire)
Authors: Jacquemin Mélanie 
Published: October 2008

Mélanie Jacquemin — Domestic work and child labour : the case of Abidjan (Ivory Coast.)
Invisible for a long while or rendered as such, child labour is now in the spotlights due to the present focus on the extreme aspects of child-exploitation. In Ivory Coast, the phenomenon of little servants is undergoing significant changes, combining traditional educational practices through work with more recent wage concerns. Observing the diversity of situations suggests that indiscriminate abolition would be difficult ; regulating labour conditions and training of servants may be considered as options to predetermination and better perspectives.
Commerce international et développement, quelles relations ? Une réponse empirique à partir de données de panel
Authors: Cardebat Jean-Marie 
Published: October 2008

Jean-Marie Cardebat — International trade and development : what relationships ? An empirical response from international data panel.
This work exploits a panel data concerning seven developing zones, between 1980 and 1996. It studies the direct links between international trade and changes of the gdp per capita. The results first show that the intensity and nature of intra-branch trade cause development in the developing countries, as viewed from Grangers' point. Trade with higher income per capita nations doesn't have a greater development impact than that with the rest of the world. The study of the specific effects on each zone however shows that the previous statement applies mainly to the Newly Industrialized Countries of Asia. Elsewhere, the direct links between opening and development are more ambiguous : trade may result in negative GDP per capita growth.
La contrainte extérieure cubaine
Authors: Herrera Rémy , Johsua Isaac 
Published: October 2008

Remy Herrera and Isaac Johsua — Cuba : The external constraint.
After recalling the importance of the external constraint weighing on the Cuban economy and the ancient roots of dependence vis-à-vis the exterior, the article describes the strategy of development envisaged after the revolution and underlines the impact of the embargo imposed on the island by the United States. The essential role played by the restriction of imports during the crisis of the 90s is then referred to. The authors conclude by an analysis of the current account situation and show a positive evolution, which might forebear a veritable turnabout.
Vers une nouvelle orientation pour l'agriculture cubaine ?
Authors: Raymond Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Pierre Raymond — Towards a new orientation for Cuban agriculture ?
The typical character of pre-revolutionary Cuba was the agricultural worker, and not the peasant. The latter proved unable to affirm himself as the connoisseur of the milieu that he happens to be elsewhere. After 1959, the gigantism of State farms was preferred to the detriment of locally rooted peasant agriculture. This has not helped the country to free itself from external food dependency. An overview of the crisis of the 90s thus led to the transformation of State-farms into cooperatives, but the evolution toward veritable peasant agriculture, as wished by the author, still remains limited and incomplete.
Sur la nature et les causes du terrorisme. Une revue de la littérature économique
Authors: Deffarges Thierry 
Published: October 2008

Thierry Deffarges — On the nature and causes of terrorism : A review of the economic literature
This article proposes a critical appraisal of the economic literature devoted to terrorism. On the one hand, contributions, based on standard economic methods and new micro-economy methods, attempt to determine the rationality of a violence whose objectives are political, on the other hand, they seek to determine the economic causes. The author hereby attempts to show that the formal methods of economics can but only be partially useful in addressing the issue of terrorism, especially as regards the meaning attached thereto.
Les conflits armés en Afrique : mythes et limites de l'analyse économique
Authors: Hugon Philippe 
Published: October 2008

Philippe HUGON — Armed conflicts in Africa : Contributions, myths and limits of economic analyses
Conflict zones have been spreading since the collapse of the Berlin wall and there is need to rethink them. Is an economist warranted to broach the subject of armed conflicts, are African conflicts in any way specific ? Economic factors play an important role but are highly controversial depending on the authors and disciplines. This article presents an economic analysis and the international quantitative tests for conflictive factors ; it proposes a political economy of African conflicts and an opening in terms of chaotic entropy and systemic uncertainties as modes of analysing the intertwining of plural factors.
Cuba. Les défis du nouveau « modèle »
Authors: Habel Janette 
Published: October 2008

Janette Habel — Cuba. The challenges of the new « model »
The article presents the reforms measures adopted in Cuba to deal first with the crisis of the early 1990s and then with the economic difficulties of the recent years. The new economic strategy has modified earlier social relations and created an inegalitarian situation that is without precedent since 1959. The author tackles the debate which has divided Cubans, concerning the viability of the present opening up to the market and its compatibility with the continuity of the political system. It is in this perspective that some Cuban researchers are exploring different possible paths that the post-Castro period might follow.
Les domestiques, la ville et l'accès à l'emploi au Cap et à Johannesburg : logiques de proximité et logiques de réseau
Authors: Bénit-Gbaffou Claire , Morange Marianne 
Published: October 2008

Claire Bénit and Marianne Morange — Domestic workers, the city and access to work at the Cape and in Johannesburg : Proximity and network logics.
Domestic work has undergone considerable mutations in South Africa in a decade. The collapse of the apartheid system first led to the development of part time labour, which enables employees to escape from the system of lodging by the employer. The crisis of the fordist production system reinforced this loosening of labour conditions on a spatially segmented labour market at the Cape and in Johannesburg, both due to the legacy of apartheid and to the very conditions of access to jobs, characterised more so by informal networks than by formally established structures. Efforts to streamline labour conditions have however led to regulating this long neglected sector.
A-t-on le droit de jouer sur les maux africains ?
Authors: Hugon Philippe 
Published: October 2008

Philippe Hugon — Have we the right to play on words about Africa 's Plight ?
The book by Stephen Smith, one of the best journalists covering Africa, induces a debate between the historian of the moment, which happens to be the journalist focused on some terrains, and the more detached researcher of an ambiguous, complex and differentiated Africa, especially on the economic level.
Le pastoralisme au Sénégal, entre politique « moderne » et gestion des risques par les pasteurs
Authors: Ancey Véronique , Monas Georges 
Published: October 2008

Véronique Ancey and Georges Monas — Pastoralism in Senegal: Between modern policy and risk management by livestock raisers.
The question of livestock raising in Senegal well illustrates how difficult it is, at times, for policies to take some realities into account. While such policies promptly mobilise recent concepts (such as food sovereignty) or propose modernist network approaches, discourses still often convey ancient clichés on the atavism and irrationality of pastoralists, along with ignorance of local, economic, agro-ecological and societal realities. It is such biased representations that this article puts to question, by examining the sectoral policy implemented in Senegal in order to secure local production systems
Incertitudes et « jeux céréaliers » en Afrique de l'Ouest : quels enseignements politiques ?
Authors: Nubukpo Kako , Janin Pierre 
Published: October 2008

Kako Nubupko and Pierre Janin — Incertitudes and « grain games » in West Africa : What policy lessons ?
Studies on food insecurity in West Africa are still often based on deterministic or accounting presumptions whereby the role of actors, the logics of action and the perceptions, or even the sociohistorical contexts, appear to be minimised. In this text, we attempt, using the theoretical framework of the « grain-game », to trace the entire complexity in order to draw some lessons relevant to a policy for the reduction of food insecurity. The cooperation between actors hence appears as a mean for enabling a more efficient and equitable sociopolitical regulation of the food system.
La libéralisation des échanges a-t-elle un impact sur la croissance ? Les expériences de l'Inde et de la Corée
Authors: Sarkar Prabirjit , Saint Girons Anne 
Published: October 2008

Prabirjit Sarkar — Is there any impact of trade liberalisation on growth ?
Experiences of India and Korea Trade liberalisation in developing countries over the last 20 years has often been implemented considering it as a pre-requisite to growth. This paper uses ardl approach to cointegration and examines the relationships between growth and trade liberalisation in the context of India and Korea. Using three indicators of liberalisation this paper finds no meaningful relationship between the growth rate of real gdp or per capita real gdp and trade openness.
Mécanismes d'ajustement de l'offre aux besoins des clients d'une institution de microfinance en situation quasi monopolistique
Authors: Morvant-Roux Solène 
Published: October 2008

Solène Morvant-Roux - Mechanisms for adjusting supply to the needs of clients of a microfinance institution in a quasi-monopolistic situation.
This article attempts to analyze, using empirical data gathered in a rural Mexican context, the borrowing strategies of clients of a microfinance institution (MFI) in various instances of loan renewal based on progressive lending. We show that clients'borrowing strategies differ from mfi progressive lending rules based on length of membership. Faced with an undifferentiated offer from an institution in a quasi-monopolistic situation, borrowers adopt individual and collective strategies to make the offer fit their differentiated needs.
La crise dans les campagnes indiennes
Authors: Patnaïk Prabhat 
Published: October 2008

Prabhat Patnaik - The Crisis in India's countryside.
The paper points at the sharp drop in levels of living for the rural poor and the stagnation in agriculture which provides the wherewithal for their survival. Stagnation in agriculture and the rising poverty level in India today are matched by a booming service sector and moderate to low growth in industry in the global economy which should not trivialize the costs paid by the poor in the countryside in the process.
Lutter contre l'oisiveté des pauvres et aiguiser leur convoitise : les préconisations développementalistes des économistes mercantilistes et classiques
Authors: Clément Alain 
Published: October 2008

Alain Clément - Combatting the idleness of the poor and sharpening their greed : The developmentalist advocacy of mercantilist and classical economists.
The mercantilist and classical authors who were the first to look at the causes of economic development privileged, for the most part, social, institutional, political, environmental and moral factors rather than purely economic ones. Thus when taking labour into account, they tended to analyze the attitude towards labour and the conditions that favour it rather than employment numbers alone : a harsh physical environment or demographic pressure can play an important role in national development. They anticipated the contemporary debates on the full range of issues dealt with by the pioneers of development economy.
Type d'entreprise et parcours professionnels dans le télémarketing au Brésil
Authors: Georges Isabel 
Published: October 2008

Isabel Georges - Company type and career paths in telemarketing in Brazil.
Using an examination of a particular field of work which reveals the current trends in the Brazilian employment market, this article focuses on elements that give structure to professional careers of operational staff in telemarketing, which appear to be in disarray. The employment terms and conditions are observed to be diversified and fragmented. This finding, in a more general background of globalization of production and trade, raises questions concerning the real weight of individual practices in professional careers and, more broadly, the loss of meaning of the concepts of work and employment.
Genome‐wide association scan of the time to onset of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Lasky‐Su Jessica , Anney Richard J.L. , Neale Benjamin M. , Franke Barbara , Zhou Kaixin , Maller Julian B. , Vasquez Alejandro Arias , Chen Wai , Asherson Philip , Buitelaar Jan , Banaschewski Tobias , Ebstein Richard , Gill Michael , Miranda Ana , Mulas Fernando , Oades Robert D. , Roeyers Herbert , Rothenberger Aribert , Sergeant Joseph , Sonuga‐Barke Edmund , Steinhausen Hans Christoph , Taylor Eric , Daly Mark , Laird Nan , Lange Christoph , Faraone Stephen V. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA time‐to‐onset analysis for family‐based samples was performed on the genomewide association (GWAS) data for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) to determine if associations exist with the age at onset of ADHD. The initial dataset consisted of 958 parent‐offspring trios that were genotyped on the Perlegen 600,000 SNP array. After data cleaning procedures, 429,981 autosomal SNPs and 930 parent‐offspring trios were used found suitable for use and a family‐based logrank analysis was performed using that age at first ADHD symptoms as the quantitative trait of interest. No SNP achieved genome‐wide significance, and the lowest P‐values had a magnitude of 10−7. Several SNPs among a pre‐specified list of candidate genes had nominal associations including SLC9A9, DRD1, ADRB2, SLC6A3, NFIL3, ADRB1, SYT1, HTR2A, ARRB2, and CHRNA4. Of these findings SLC9A9 stood out as a promising candidate, with nominally significant SNPs in six distinct regions of the gene. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Replication of a rare protective allele in the noradrenaline transporter gene and ADHD
Authors: Xu X. , Hawi Z. , Brookes K.J. , Anney R. , Bellgrove M. , Franke B. , Barry E. , Chen W. , Kuntsi J. , Banaschewski T. , Buitelaar J. , Ebstein R. , Fitzgerald M. , Miranda A. , Oades R.D. , Roeyers H. , Rothenberger A. , Sergeant J. , Sonuga‐Barke E. , Steinhausen H.‐C. , Faraone S.V. , Gill M. , Asherson P. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractReplication is a key to resolving whether a reported genetic association represents a false positive finding or an actual genetic risk factor. In a previous study screening 51 candidate genes for association with ADHD in a multi‐centre European sample (the IMAGE project), two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within the norepinephrine transporter (SLC6A2) gene were found to be associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The same SNP alleles were also reported to be associated with ADHD in a separate study from the Massachusetts General Hospital in the US. Using two independent samples of ADHD DSM‐IV combined subtype trios we attempted to replicate the reported associations with SNPs rs11568324 and rs3785143 in SLC6A2. Significant association of the two markers was not observed in the two independent replication samples. However, across all four datasets the overall evidence of association with ADHD was significant (for SNP rs11568324 P = 0.0001; average odds ratio = 0.33; for SNP rs3785143 P = 0.008; average odds ratio = 1.3). The data were consistent for rs11568324, suggesting the existence of a rare allele conferring protection for ADHD within the SLC6A2 gene. Further investigations should focus on identifying the mechanisms underlying the protective effect. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Brookes K.J. , Hawi Z. , Kirley A. , Barry E. , Gill M. , Kent L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAttention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common behavioral disorder affecting children worldwide. The male bias in the prevalence of the disorder, suggests that some susceptibility genes may lie on the X chromosome. In this study we present evidence for a role of the X‐linked steroid sulfatase (STS) gene and neurosteroids in the development of ADHD. Previously it has been observed that probands with ADHD have lower serum concentrations of the neurosteroids DHEA, which is synthesized from DHEA‐S by STS. In further support, boys that suffer from XLI, a skin disorder caused by the deletion of the STS gene, have higher rates of ADHD, in particular the inattentive subtype. In a moderately sized sample of ADHD families (N = 384), we genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms, tagging the entire gene. TDT analysis of the data yielded two polymorphisms that were significantly associated with ADHD (rs2770112—Transmitted: 71 Not Transmitted; 48; rs12861247—Transmitted: 43 Not Transmitted: 21), located towards the 5′ end of the gene (P < 0.05). We conclude that the STS gene may play a role in susceptibility for ADHD, and that the neurosteroids pathways should be investigated further to access their potential contribution in susceptibility to the disorder. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bio‐ und BTL‐Kraftstoffe in der Bioraffinerie: katalytische Umwandlung Lignocellulose‐reicher Biomasse mit porösen Stoffen
Authors: Stöcker Michael 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn einer Zeit, die sich so intensiv mit Erderwärmung, CO2‐Emissionen, der Sicherung der Energieversorgung und dem sparsamen Umgang mit fossilen Brennstoffen auseinandersetzen muss, ist der Einsatz erneuerbarer Energiequellen unverzichtbar. Dieser Aufsatz geht auf unterschiedliche Arten von Biomasse ein, die jeweils andere Kraftstoffe, Chemikalien und Energieträger liefern. Im Mittelpunkt steht die katalytische Umsetzung von Biomasse aus Holz. Wir schildern die Schwierigkeiten bei der Verarbeitung solcher Lignocellulose‐reicher Ausgangsstoffe und den Einsatz poröser Katalysatoren für die Gewinnung von BTL(Biomass‐To‐Liquid)‐Kraftstoffen in Bioraffinerien. Wir berichten ferner über die Aufklärung der komplexen Reaktionen, die Entwicklung von Katalysatoren und Prozessen und das angestrebte Produktspektrum und beschreiben ein nachhaltiges Konzept für Bioraffinerien auf Lignocellulose‐Basis. Schließlich schildern wir die technologischen Herausforderungen beim Übergang zu Pilotanlagen und zur Großproduktion.
Supramolecular Coordination Chemistry: The Synergistic Effect of Serendipity and Rational Design
Authors: Saalfrank Rolf W. , Maid Harald , Scheurer Andreas 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSupramolecular coordination compounds bear exceptional advantages over their organic counterparts. They are available in one‐pot reactions and in high yields and display physical properties that are generally inaccessible with organic species. Moreover, their weak, reversible, noncovalent bonding interactions facilitate error checking and self‐correction. This Review emphasizes the achievements in supramolecular coordination chemistry initiated by serendipity and their materialization based on rational design. The recognition of similarities in the synthesis of different supramolecular assemblies allows prediction of potential results in related cases. Supramolecular synthesis obeys guidelines comparable to the “lead sheet” used by small jazz ensembles for improvisation and therefore more often leads to unpredicted results. The combination of detailed symmetry considerations with the basic rules of coordination chemistry has only recently allowed for the design of rational strategies for the construction of a variety of nanosized systems with specified size and shape.
Characterization of compositional heterogeneity in the polyethylene prepared with bis(imino)pyridyl iron(II) precatalyst and triethylaluminum
Authors: Wang Shibo , Liu Dongbing , Mao Bingquan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAnalytical tools including solvent gradient elution fractionation (SGEF), GPC, 13C NMR, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are integrated for the characterization of compositional heterogeneity in the polyethylene (PE) prepared with the LFeCl2/AlEt3 catalytic system. The results indicate that at least two different kinds of catalytic species are present in ethylene polymerization. One active species generating branched PE gives low molecular weight; another kind of active species gives high molecular weight PE with high linear structure. The amount of branch decreases with increasing the molecular weights, and the small proportion of the branched PE shows low molecular weight with vinyl‐terminated end group, indicating that the branched PE is generated from the catalytic species giving low activity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009