bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determining the state of guidance on pediatric biobanking for researchers, HRECS, and families: Regulatory mapping of international guidance
Authors: Prince Sinead , Then Shih-Ning , O’Grady Kerry-Ann 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiobanking—the storage of human biological samples, including tissue, blood, urine, and genetic data—raises many ethical, legal, and social issues, including confidentiality and privacy. Pediatric biobanking is more complicated, with difficulties arising because children lack capacity to consent and acquire this capacity upon maturity when the research is still ongoing. Yet given the limited availability of pediatric samples, the translational nature of biobanking presents a unique opportunity to share samples and produce clinically necessary information about pediatric development and diseases. Guidance on navigating these legal and ethical difficulties is needed for those involved in pediatric biobanking—including researchers, participants, and families, and those involved in biobank governance. This paper seeks to map the current regulatory framework governing pediatric biobanking to determine what guidance is currently offered. Regulatory mapping of current international and national guidelines on pediatric biobanking addressing the ethical, legal, and social nuances of pediatric biobanking was undertaken. This paper finds that international guidelines around biobanking are mostly for adults, and even when pediatric-specific, documents are non-binding, inconsistent, or only limited guidance is offered on a range of important issues specific to pediatric biobanks. Conclusion: This paper shows a need for consistent, comprehensive, and clear regulation on pediatric biobanking so that research can more quickly, efficiently, and ethically be translated to useful information and treatment in pediatric care.

What is Known:• Pediatric biobanking presents new opportunities to conduct valuable translational research to benefit pediatric populations. However, the storage of pediatric biological samples raises many ethical, legal and social issues—in part because child participants may be considered to lack capacity to consent but can acquire this capacity upon maturity when the research is still ongoing. Pediatric biobanks must grapple with issues of consent, confidentiality and privacy, and long-term participation regarding child participants.

What is New:• Regulatory guidance on these ethical, legal, and social issues is needed for researchers, participants, and families and those involved in biobank governance. This paper identifies nationally specific and international guidance on biobanking and summarizes the guidance provided in relation to these pediatric specific issues. It finds that most guidance is non-binding and inconsistent between guidance documents and may offer only limited guidance to stakeholders. A need for consistent, comprehensive, and clear regulation on pediatric biobanking is needed at an international level to enable research.
Five-phase space vector carrier-based PWM for third harmonic injection
Authors: Ramos Friedmann Marc , Möller Alexander , Binder Andreas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFive-phase AC drives allow a third harmonic voltage to be fed into the stator winding – in addition to the fundamental voltage – to generate a third harmonic magnetic air gap field. This allows the generation of an additional small constant torque. Furthermore, the undesirable saturation harmonics that occur with saturated iron can be compensated. The desired third harmonic voltage is commonly generated via time-consuming space vector PWM algorithms, which are not well-suited for real-time application, or via look-up tables, which require an increased storage capacity. In our case, the desired third harmonic voltage is generated in the five-phase voltages by adding a non-sinusoidal zero-sequence voltage with five times the fundamental frequency to the fundamental voltage reference signals in carrier-based pulse width modulation (PWM) with a constant switching frequency. This is equivalent to a space vector PWM method (SVPWM) and avoids a significantly high calculation effort. The PWM algorithm programmed in MATLAB in real time allows the fast generation of a third harmonic voltage per phase with freely definable amplitude and phase shift without requiring a lot of storage capacity.
Gestational diabetes perception profiles based on attachment style: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Munda Ana , Kompan Erzar Katarina Lia , Peric Helena , Pongrac Barlovič Draženka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aims
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is a prevalent complication in pregnancy that requires effective self-management, which can be influenced by illness perceptions. Moreover, behavioral regulation can be affected by attachment styles. Thus, our study aimed to identify common GDM perception profiles and test their association with attachment styles.

Methods
In this cross-sectional study, 446 women completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (BIPQ), and additional items about GDM diagnosis, information, competence, adherence, behavioral change. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was conducted to determine GDM perception profiles. Multinomial logistic regression followed to calculate the association between GDM perception profiles and attachment styles.

Results
Three distinct profiles emerged: coping (n = 172, 38.6%)—characterized by the most positive GDM perception, burdened (n = 222, 49.8%)—indicating the emotional burden of the disease, and resourceless (n = 52, 11.7%)—reporting lack of resources (i.e. information, competence). Women with insecure attachment styles were more likely to develop a burdened GDM perception profile. Specifically, the expression of a fearful (OR = 1.184 [95%CI: 1.03; 1.36], p = 0.016) and a preoccupied (OR = 1.154 [95%CI: 1.01; 1.32], p = 0.037) attachment style increased the likelihood for a burdened perception profile, while a secure attachment style (OR = 10.791 [95%CI: 0.65; 0.96], p = 0.017) decreased likelihood for developing resourceless GDM perception profile.

Conclusions
Three GDM perception profiles were identified and the role of attachment styles in shaping these perceptions was confirmed. Further studies are needed to investigate whether a tailored treatment approach based on the predominant attachment style could lead to more positive GDM perceptions, improved glycemic control, and better perinatal outcomes.
New results on spectral synthesis
Authors: Székelyhidi László 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn our former paper we introduced the concept of localization of ideals in the Fourier algebra of a locally compact Abelian group. It turns out that localizability of a closed ideal in the Fourier algebra is equivalent to the synthesizability of the annihilator of that closed ideal which corresponds to this ideal in the measure algebra. This equivalence provides an effective tool to prove synthesizability of varieties on locally compact Abelian groups. In this paper we utilize this tool to show that when investigating synthesizability of a variety, roughly speaking compact elements of the group can be neglected. Our main result is that spectral synthesis holds on a locally compact Abelian group G if and only if it holds on G/B, where B is the closed subgroup of all compact elements. In particular, spectral synthesis holds on compact Abelian groups. Also we obtain a simple proof for the characterization theorem of spectral synthesis on discrete Abelian groups.
The association between head injury and facial fracture treatment: an observational study of hospitalized bicyclists from a level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Galteland Pål , Døving Mats , Næss Ingar , Sehic Amer , Utheim Tor Paaske , Eken Torsten , Skaga Nils Oddvar , Helseth Eirik , Ramm-Pettersen Jon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To compare the types of facial fractures and their treatment in bicyclists admitted to a level 1 trauma centre with major and minor-moderate head injury.

Methods
Retrospective analysis of data from bicycle-related injuries in the period 2005–2016 extracted from the Oslo University Hospital trauma registry.

Results
A total of 967 bicyclists with head injuries classified according to the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) were included. The group suffering minor-moderate head injury (AIS Head 1–2) included 518 bicyclists, while 449 bicyclists had major head injury (AIS Head 3–6). The mean patient age was 40.2 years (range 3–91 years) and 701 patients (72%) were men. A total of 521 facial fractures were registered in 262 patients (on average 2 facial fractures per bicyclist). Bicyclists with major head injury exhibited increased odds for facial fractures compared to bicyclists with minor-moderate head injury (sex and age adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.75, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.03–3.72, p < 0.001. More specifically, there was increased odds for all midface fractures, but no difference for mandible fractures. There was also increased odds for orbital reconstruction in cyclist with major head injury compared to bicyclist with minor-moderate head injury (adjusted OR 3.34, 95% CI 1.30–8.60, p = 0.012).

Conclusion
Bicyclists with more severe head injuries had increased odds for midface fractures and surgical correction of orbital fractures. During trauma triage, the head and the face should be considered as one unit.
Generalized Nash equilibrium problems with mixed-integer variables
Authors: Harks Tobias , Schwarz Julian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We consider generalized Nash equilibrium problems (GNEPs) with non-convex strategy spaces and non-convex cost functions. This general class of games includes the important case of games with mixed-integer variables for which only a few results are known in the literature. We present a new approach to characterize equilibria via a convexification technique using the Nikaido–Isoda function. To any given instance of the GNEP, we construct a set of convexified instances and show that a feasible strategy profile is an equilibrium for the original instance if and only if it is an equilibrium for any convexified instance and the convexified cost functions coincide with the initial ones. We develop this convexification approach along three dimensions: We first show that for quasi-linear models, where a convexified instance exists in which for fixed strategies of the opponent players, the cost function of every player is linear and the respective strategy space is polyhedral, the convexification reduces the GNEP to a standard (non-linear) optimization problem. Secondly, we derive two complete characterizations of those GNEPs for which the convexification leads to a jointly constrained or a jointly convex GNEP, respectively. These characterizations require new concepts related to the interplay of the convex hull operator applied to restricted subsets of feasible strategies and may be interesting on their own. Note that this characterization is also computationally relevant as jointly convex GNEPs have been extensively studied in the literature. Finally, we demonstrate the applicability of our results by presenting a numerical study regarding the computation of equilibria for three classes of GNEPs related to integral network flows and discrete market equilibria.
Equilibria in schelling games: computational hardness and robustness
Authors: Kreisel Luca , Boehmer Niclas , Froese Vincent , Niedermeier Rolf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the simplest game-theoretic formulation of Schelling’s model of segregation on graphs, agents of two different types each select their own vertex in a given graph so as to maximize the fraction of agents of their type in their occupied neighborhood. Two ways of modeling agent movement here are either to allow two agents to swap their vertices or to allow an agent to jump to a free vertex. The contributions of this paper are twofold. First, we prove that deciding the existence of a swap-equilibrium and a jump-equilibrium in this simplest model of Schelling games is NP-hard, thereby answering questions left open by Agarwal et al. [AAAI ’20] and Elkind et al. [IJCAI ’19]. Second, we introduce two measures for the robustness of equilibria in Schelling games in terms of the minimum number of edges or the minimum number of vertices that need to be deleted to make an equilibrium unstable. We prove tight lower and upper bounds on the edge- and vertex-robustness of swap-equilibria in Schelling games on different graph classes.
Analysis and experimental validation of necroptosis-related molecular classification, immune signature and feature genes in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Lian Piaopiao , Cai Xing , Yang Xiaoman , Ma Zhuoran , Wang Cailin , Liu Ke , Wu Yi , Cao Xuebing , Xu Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNecroptosis, a programmed cell death pathway, has been demonstrated to be activated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the precise role of necroptosis and its correlation with immune cell infiltration in AD remains unclear. In this study, we conducted non-negative matrix factorization clustering analysis to identify three subtypes of AD based on necroptosis-relevant genes. Notably, these subtypes exhibited varying necroptosis scores, clinical characteristics and immune infiltration signatures. Cluster B, characterized by high necroptosis scores, showed higher immune cell infiltration and was associated with a more severe pathology, potentially representing a high-risk subgroup. To identify potential biomarkers for AD within cluster B, we employed two machine learning algorithms: the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression and Random Forest. Subsequently, we identified eight feature genes (CARTPT, KLHL35, NRN1, NT5DC3, PCYOX1L, RHOQ, SLC6A12, and SLC38A2) that were utilized to develop a diagnosis model with remarkable predictive capacity for AD. Moreover, we conducted validation using bulk RNA-seq, single-nucleus RNA-seq, and in vivo experiments to confirm the expression of these feature genes. In summary, our study identified a novel necroptosis-related subtype of AD and eight diagnostic biomarkers, explored the roles of necroptosis in AD progression and shed new light for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Contact with Foster Care and the Juvenile Delinquency Court: A Prospective Examination from Birth through Age 18
Authors: Eastman Andrea Lane , Park Keunhye , Herz Denise , Dierkhising Carly B. , McCroskey Jacquelyn , Guo Lillie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
Research has demonstrated a link between out-of-home foster care and subsequent juvenile justice involvement. Understanding factors that may contribute to dual system involvement for young people who entered foster care is essential for disrupting this relationship.

Method
We used population-based linked administrative records to examine the prevalence of juvenile delinquency court petitions among individuals placed in out-of-home foster care in Los Angeles County from birth to age 18. By integrating records from child welfare and probation, this analysis of individuals born between 1998 and 2001 and who lived in the county’s out-of-home foster care system (N = 29,434) showed that 2,554 (8.7%) had encountered a juvenile delinquency court petition prior to turning 18.

Results
Regression results showed an increased rate of dual system involvement among young people in foster care who experienced unstable living conditions, periods of absence from care, commercial sexual exploitation, or group homes. Instability in living situations (staying in care for more than a year, with three or more homes or placements; RR = 1.31; CI = 1.16, 1.48) and history of group home care (RR = 1.43; CI = 1.25, 1.64) were significantly associated with a heightened rate of dual system involvement. As shown in the gender-stratified models, the magnitude of associations between dual system involvement and foster care experiences differed by gender.

Discussion
The current study aligns with prior studies showing a relationship between residential instability and group homes to subsequent delinquency court involvement. Findings set a baseline so future work can explore if policies aiming to reduce reliance on group care are associated with changes in the likelihood of dual system involvement.
The board director’s role in the relationship between organizational innovation and organizational learning in the sustainability innovation performance: an approximation from culture context
Authors: Escandon-Barbosa Diana , Salas-Paramo Jairo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research analyzes the moderating effects of the board of directors and cultural distance in the relationship between organizational exploration and exploitation and its effect on the selection of entry modes to a country. A structural equation model is carried out with a sample of 1535 exporting companies in Colombia, Perú, Ecuador, and Bolivia. Our findings emphasize the vital role of the board of directors in shaping a company’s international market entry strategies, even in Bolivia’s distinct environment. When board directors possess the necessary competencies to navigate cultural disparities, they facilitate the complexities of entering foreign markets. Additionally, maintaining a balance between exploration and exploitation plays a pivotal role in shaping a company’s approach to market entry. This insight is valuable across diverse economic settings and contributes to academic research and practical international business decision-making.
Knowledge for the unknown? A history of the future in Swedish higher education and research policy, 1970–2020
Authors: Geschwind Lars , Gustafsson Hampus Östh 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article analyses how the future has been discussed in Swedish higher education and research policy, providing an overview of public inquiries during the period 1970–2020. Expanding on the conceptual framework of German historian Reinhart Koselleck, the article approaches discourses on the future through the analytical lens of sociology of expectations. The findings demonstrate that all inquiries that attempt to advance arguments for policy change address the future—with temporal perspectives usually limited to the coming 15–20 years—whereby the future is conceptualised as an unknown and complex ‘knowledge society’, characterised by acceleration, high demands and fierce competition. A number of inquiries discuss the future development based on empirical data like shrinking age cohorts among potential students, while others describe threats and challenges based on needs for creating a sense of urgency. Inter- and multidisciplinarity, with respect to such future needs in both research and education, is consequently a key area of discussion throughout the period in question. Several other themes emerge as prevalent, including technological change and digitalisation as well as broader issues of how to organise the curriculum and lifelong learning. The historical analysis presented in this article is crucial for ongoing university debates, as it is demonstrated that temporal dynamics and future imaginaries have been highly formative for the development of Swedish higher education and research.
Enhancement of magnetocaloric effect by partial substitution of Bi in La0.60Dy0.10Sr0.30Mn(1−x)BixO3 manganites (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10)
Authors: Kurt Mustafa Zeki , Kılıç Çetin Selda , Kandemir Arda , Akça Gönül , Karadağ Faruk , Ekicibil Ahmet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, the effects of Bi substitution for Mn on the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of La0.60Dy0.10Sr0.30Mn(1−x)BixO3 manganites (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10) synthesized using the sol–gel method ​​were investigated. The samples x = 0, 0.01, and 0.03 had been indexed in an orthorhombic structure (space group Pnma), while sample x = 0.10 had been indexed in a hexagonal structure (space group R3c). The thermomagnetic measurements showed an increase in the Curie temperature (TC) with increasing Bi content, as well as an increase in magnetization at low temperatures. The TC values were determined as 322, 318, 327, and 360 K for x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10 samples, respectively. Maximum magnetic entropy change ($$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{max}$$

-
Δ

S

M

max

) values ​​obtained from isothermal magnetization measurements showed an increase with the amount of Bi. The $$-\Delta {S}_{M}^{max}$$

-
Δ

S

M

max

value of 3.80 Jkg−1K−1 at 5 T for the x = 0 sample increased to 4.12 Jkg−1K−1 for the x = 0.10 sample with the highest Bi content. From the Arrott curves, it was observed that all samples exhibited a second-order magnetic phase transition. The obtained values of relative cooling power (RCP), which is an important factor in determining the performance of cooling material, are in the range of 282, 262, 251, and 232 Jkg−1 for x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, and 0.10, respectively.
Top-end inequality and growth: empirical exploration of nonlinearities and the time dimension
Authors: Tuominen Elina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing the series of the top 1% income shares in 137 countries, I examine the relationship between top-end inequality and subsequent economic growth from the 1920s to the 2010s. These data enable a versatile exploration of various time horizons. To address concerns regarding chosen functional forms, I employ penalized spline methods to accommodate potential nonlinearities. Empirical findings suggest that the relationship between top-end inequality and subsequent growth is complex, contingent upon both the investigated time horizon and the level of economic development. I find some evidence for a positive link at medium levels of economic development, with this positive link being more pronounced in short- to medium-term associations. I also find that the positive medium-run association weakens as economic development advances. In advanced economies, a negative (or nonpositive) medium- to long-term relationship emerges between the top 1% income share and growth in many settings. Furthermore, I conclude that longer-run associations need to be investigated further.
Biobased Immiscible Polylactic Acid (PLA): Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) Blends: Impact of Rheological and Non-isothermal Crystallization on the Bead Foaming Behavior
Authors: Brütting Christian , Dreier Julia , Bonten Christian , Ruckdäschel Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNowadays, bead foams are of great interest due to their high lightweight potential. The processing of such foams strongly depends on the crystallization and rheological behavior of the polymers used. By blending polymers, these properties can be tailored to obtain beaded foams with low density, small cell size and high cell density. As a bio-based polymer, PLA is of great interest due to its renewable carbon source. PLA suffers from its low thermal and rheological properties, which can be compensated by using blends. The correlation between the PLA/PHBV ratio and the rheological as well as the crystallization behavior was investigated. The use of PHBV as a minor phase significantly changes the rheological properties and increases the crystallization behavior of PLA. These findings were applied to the foam extrusion process to obtain low density bead foams. Bead foams with densities below 100 kg/m3, mean cell sizes below 50 µm and cell densities of 1 × 107 cells/cm3 were obtained.