bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Fluorinated Acyclothionucleosides.
Authors: Gouault‐Bironneau Sonia , Sene Aboubacary , Catel Jean‐Marie , Lequeux Thierry 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A‐94964, Novel Inhibitor of Bacterial Translocase I, Produced by Streptomyces sp. SANK 60404. Part 2. Physico‐Chemical Properties and Structure Elucidation.
Authors: Fujita Yoko , Murakami Ryo , Muramatsu Yasunori , Miyakoshi Shunichi , Takatsu Toshio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Access to 1,2‐Diaminophytosphingolipids.
Authors: Harrak Youssef , Llebaria Amadeu , Delgado Antonio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modeling Oral Rat Chronic Toxicity.
Authors: Mazzatorta Paolo , Estevez Manuel Dominguez , Coulet Myriam , Schilter Benoit 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Information Theory‐Based Scoring Function for the Structure‐Based Prediction of Protein—Ligand Binding Affinity.
Authors: Kulharia Mahesh , Goody Roger S. , Jackson Richard M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Mechanism of Selectivity of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) Bidentate Inhibitors Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Free Energy Calculations.
Authors: Fang Lei , Zhang Huai , Cui Wei , Ji Mingjun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Using Molecular Docking, 3D‐QSAR, and Cluster Analysis for Screening Structurally Diverse Data Sets of Pharmacological Interest.
Authors: Santos‐Filho Osvaldo A. , Cherkasov Artem 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Volatile Anesthetic Binding to Proteins Is Influenced by Solvent and Aliphatic Residues.
Authors: Streiff John H. , Jones Keith A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Classical Reagents: New Surprises in Palladium‐Catalyzed C—C Coupling Reactions
Authors: Lindhardt Anders T. , Skrydstrup Troels 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spatial variability of intra‐seasonal oscillations during extreme Indian monsoons
Authors: Kulkarni Ashwini , Sabade S. S. , Kripalani R. H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe intra‐seasonal variability of the Indian monsoon rainfall plays a dominant role in deciding the seasonal strength of the monsoon. The Indian monsoon is known to exhibit two dominant periodicities of intra‐seasonal oscillations (ISOs) 30–60 days and 10–20 days on the spatial scale of entire landmass. In this paper the nature and intensity of these dominant periodicities have been studied on smaller spatial domains during all‐India deficient and excess monsoons. The high resolution data 1° × 1° latitude/longitude over Indian domain for the recent period of 1951–2003 provided by India Meteorological Department have been used in this analysis. The multi‐taper spectrum analysis (MTMA) method has been applied to identify the periodicities over four representative regions. The 30–60 days periodicity is dominant over west coast and South‐east India during deficient monsoons while the excess monsoons are characterized by high frequency oscillations. The time variation of these periodicities is studied by applying wavelet transforms (WTs).During deficient Indian monsoons coherent regions with dominant oscillations are observed. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis reveals that both the oscillations have weakened after mid 1970s. Implications of this on forecasting Indian monsoon are discussed. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Simulating competing risks data in survival analysis
Authors: Beyersmann Jan , Latouche Aurélien , Buchholz Anika , Schumacher Martin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCompeting risks analysis considers time‐to‐first‐event (‘survival time’) and the event type (‘cause’), possibly subject to right‐censoring. The cause‐, i.e. event‐specific hazards, completely determine the competing risk process, but simulation studies often fall back on the much criticized latent failure time model. Cause‐specific hazard‐driven simulation appears to be the exception; if done, usually only constant hazards are considered, which will be unrealistic in many medical situations. We explain simulating competing risks data based on possibly time‐dependent cause‐specific hazards. The simulation design is as easy as any other, relies on identifiable quantities only and adds to our understanding of the competing risks process. In addition, it immediately generalizes to more complex multistate models. We apply the proposed simulation design to computing the least false parameter of a misspecified proportional subdistribution hazard model, which is a research question of independent interest in competing risks. The simulation specifications have been motivated by data on infectious complications in stem‐cell transplanted patients, where results from cause‐specific hazards analyses were difficult to interpret in terms of cumulative event probabilities. The simulation illustrates that results from a misspecified proportional subdistribution hazard analysis can be interpreted as a time‐averaged effect on the cumulative event probability scale. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Perceived stress, coping and night‐eating in college students
Authors: Wichianson Jatturong R. , Bughi Stephanie A. , Unger Jennifer B. , Spruijt‐Metz Donna , Nguyen‐Rodriguez Selena T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of coping in the relationship between perceived stress and night‐eating syndrome (NES) in college students. Participants were 95 undergraduates 18 to 29 years of age, and predominantly female and white or Caucasian. Anonymous paper‐and‐pencil surveys were completed on campus to measure NES, coping styles and level of perceived stress. Significant associations were found between perceived stress and NES (β = 0.259, p < 0.05), perceived stress and maladaptive coping (β = 0.575, p < 0.001) and maladaptive coping and NES (β = 0.252, p < 0.05). Mediation analyses indicate that experiencing higher levels of stress may lead to night‐eating behaviours because of use of maladaptive coping strategies. Furthermore, tests of moderation suggest that individuals who experienced stress and engaged in less adaptive coping were more likely to exhibit night‐eating behaviours (versus those who engaged in more adaptive coping). Of note is the differential impact of adaptive versus maladaptive coping in this association. Current findings provide some insights into possible mechanisms to weight gain in college students. Further, this information may be useful in guiding the development of interventions aimed at improving the psychosocial and behavioural health of college students. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pain Management for Unilateral Orchidopexy in Children: An Effective Regimen
Authors: Saeed A. , Khan A. R. , Lee V. , Aslam A. , Brain J. , Williams M. P. L. , Brennan L. , Campbell R. , Samuel M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe reported high incidence of 30–60% postoperative pain after an elective day surgical orchidopexy is undesirable. We evaluated the efficacy of our analgesic regimen for unilateral orchidopexy in preschool children performed as a day surgical procedure.MethodsBetween January 2004 and December 2006, 247 children (mean age: 3.3 ± 1.6 years) underwent a unilateral orchidopexy as a day surgical procedure. They were prospectively analyzed for postoperative pain during a period of 48 h by using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). After standardized general anesthesia, all children had a 0.25% levo‐bupivacaine hydrochloride ilio‐inguinal block and a rectal diclofenac sodium suppository. Orchidopexy was performed through transverse inguinal and scrotal incisions. The wounds were infiltrated with 0.25% levo‐bupivacaine hydrochloride at the end of the operation. Postoperatively acetaminophen and ibuprofen were given orally at regular intervals for 48 h.ResultsOn first assessment in the recovery room, 148 out of 247 (60%) patients were pain‐free, and 99 of 247 (40%) patients had pain: VAS score ranged from 3 to 10. By 3 h, 27 (11%) had mild‐to‐moderate pain, with VAS scores between 3 and 7. All children were discharged home at 4 h with no pain. At home, 95% were pain‐free at 10 h and 97% by 24 h, with a declining pain score. All children were pain‐free at 32, 40, and 48 h. Pain scores were unrelated to the duration of surgery (rs = 0.54).ConclusionClinical effectiveness of our institution analgesic regime justifies the performance of unilateral orchidopexy as a day‐case procedure.
Water availability affects tolerance and resistance to aphids but not the trade‐off between the two
Authors: Ramírez Claudio C. , Verdugo Jaime A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study evaluates the effect of water availability on tolerance and resistance to the aphid Chaitophorus leucomelas by clones of the double hybrid [(Populus trichocarpa × P. maximowiczii Henry) × (P. trichocarpa × P. maximowiczii)] (TM × TM), a hybrid that was previously described as resistant to this aphid. In a 2 × 2 experimental design implemented in a nursery, we were able to assess growth (branch length, number of leaves and branch base diameter) in saplings reared in the natural presence of aphids (natural aphid damage) and aphid‐controlled conditions (undamaged) under both well‐watered and drought stress conditions. We found that resistance was reduced under drought stress conditions, while tolerance in branch length was increased. Cost of resistance was detected as clones displaying higher tolerance grew less in the absence of aphids, whereas no evidence of costs associated with tolerance was found in any of the growth traits measured, A genetic trade‐off between tolerance and resistance was detected, but this trade‐off was not affected by water availability. Considering the average response of both defence strategies, well‐watered trees seem to allocate more resources to resistance than to tolerance, whereas drought‐stressed trees allocate more to tolerance than to resistance. This suggests that tolerance would imply a lower cost than resistance, and the shift to either strategy could be modulated by resource availability.
Mono-dispersed Functional Polymeric Nanocapsules with Multi-lacuna via Soapless Microemulsion Polymerization with Spindle-like α-Fe2O3Nanoparticles as Templates
Authors: Liu Guangfeng , Liu Peng 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The mono-dispersed crosslinked polymeric multi-lacuna nanocapsules (CP(St–OA) nanocapsules) about 40 nm with carboxylic groups on their inner and outer surfaces were fabricated in the present work. The small conglomerations of the oleic acid modified spindle-like α-Fe2O3nanoparticles (OA–Fe2O3) were encapsulated in the facile microemulsion polymerization with styrene (St) as monomer and divinyl benzene (DVB) as crosslinker. Then the templates, small conglomerations of OA–Fe2O3, were etched with HCl in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The surface carboxylic groups of the crosslinked polymeric multi-lacuna nanocapsules were validated by the Zeta potential analysis.
Origins of the Royal Institution
Authors: Martin Thomas 
Published: January 2009

SynopsisThe paper is an attempt to set the social and historical background against which the Royal Institution was founded, and to trace the events in its very early history. The founder of the Institution was Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford, that soldier of fortune who took service with the Elector Palatine of Bavaria, and it was in the course of his duties in Munich that his interest in the practical problems of philanthropy was aroused.In London, in the concluding years of the eighteenth century, he was drawn into the group of philanthropists and reformers among whom William Wilberforce was the leading figure, and Sir Thomas Bernard, Treasurer of the Foundling Hospital, one of the most active members. The focus of their activities was the Society for Bettering the Condition and Increasing the Comforts of the Poor, and to this Society Rumford submitted his proposals for a new scientific institution in London, designed to improve the lot of the poor and the working classes by the application of science to useful purposes.It was decided to make an appeal for funds, Rumford's proposals were circulated, and the Count succeeded in interesting the President of the Royal Society, Sir Joseph Banks, who took the Chair at the early meetings and allowed them to be held at his house, 32 Soho Square. At a meeting held there on 7 March 1799, the new institution was formed by resolution of the subscribers of 50 guineas each, who became the first Proprietors of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, as it was afterwards named in its Royal Charter.
Greek Astronomy and its Debt to the Babylonians
Authors: Clarke Leonard W. 
Published: January 2009

Synopsis‘Recent studies of Babylonian sources have shown that we must revise former estimates of the extent to which the Greeks were indebted for the details of their astronomy to the Babylonians; the debt proves to have been much greater than had been imagined, and further researches may prove it to have been greater still.’ So wrote Sir Thomas Heath in 1932; in the previous year, Professor Filon had written, ‘It is gradually beginning to be realized that many of the achievements of Greek culture in the fields of astronomy and mathematics did not spring, fully armed, from the Hellenic brain, but had their more remote origins in the civilizations of the ancient East.’There is available now sufficient evidence to show that a great deal of the astronomical knowledge which has come down to us from the Hellenistic period (c. 500 b.c. to a.d. 150) was not initially discovered during that period; and such new empiric discoveries as were made in that time were not all due to Greeks, for important contributions were still being made by Babylonians during the Seleucid Era.To a large extent it seems that the Greeks kept very closely, even in astronomy, to the mode of research advocated by Plato, who said in The Republic, ‘Which things (i.e. “the variegated bodies in the heavens”) truly are to be comprehended by reason and intellect, but not by sight’. The Greeks founded a ‘school’ of theoretical astronomy and, with their highly developed mathematics, were able to go far with it; but their source-material was in very many cases not Greek.The author of Epinomis states, ‘We may assume that whatever the Greeks take from the barbarians, they bring it to a finer perfection’. Adrastus (second century a.d.) wrote that the methods used by the Chaldeans and Egyptians in astronomy were imperfect because these people lacked physiologia; no doubt this was true, but it was people of these races who had done, and continued to do, most of the equivalent of modern observatory routine work.
J. J. Thomson and the Structure of Light
Authors: McCormmach Russell 
Published: January 2009

SynopsisThis essay concerns an aspect of the speculative contributions of J. J. Thomson to a field of physics somewhat removed from that upon which his popular fame and scientific eminence were alike founded. He published a number of statements in the period 1903–1910 advocating a discontinuous structure of the electromagnetic field. His unorthodox conception of the field was based upon the presumed discreteness of Faraday's physical lines of electric force. While his ideas led to significant experimental work, they were not brought together in the form of a completed theory. It was at this same time that the quantum theory was independently evolving notions of a structure of the field, and Thomson's efforts at developing a theory of light were diverted into a protracted criticism of the hypothesis of quanta. In 1924–1936 he returned to the subject of the structure of light, but these latter speculations no longer had much relevance to contemporary physical thought.
William Bateson's Introduction of Mendelism to England: A Reassessment
Authors: Olby Robert 
Published: January 2009

The recognition of Gregor Mendel's achievement in his study of hybridization was signalled by the ‘rediscovery’ papers of Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns and Erich Tschermak. The dates on which these papers were published are given in Table 1. The first of these—De Vries ‘Comptes renduspaper—was in French and made no mention of Mendel or his paper. The rest, led by De Vries’Berichtepaper, were in German and mentioned Mendel, giving the location of his paper. It has long been accepted that the first account of Mendel's work in English was given by the Cambridge zoologist, William Bateson, to an audience of Fellows of the Royal Horticultural Society in London on 8 May, 1900. This is based on two sources: the paper ‘Problems of Heredity as a Subject for Horticultural Investigation’, published in the Society's journal later that year and stated as ‘Read 8 May, 1900’, and Beatrice Bateson's account of the event over a quarter of a century later. Of the paper which her husband gave on that occasion she wrote:He had already prepared this paper, but in the train on his way to town to deliver it, he read Mendel's actual paper on peas for the first time. As a lecturer he was always cautious, suggesting rather than affirming his own convictions. So ready was he however for the simple Mendelian law that he at once incorporated it into his lecture.
Planning science: Otto Neurath and theInternational Encyclopedia of Unified Science
Authors: Reisch George A. 
Published: January 2009

In the spring of 1937, the University of Chicago Press mailed hundreds of subscription forms for its latest enterprise – a projected series of twenty short monographs by various philosophers and scientists. Together the monographs were to form the first section of theInternational Encyclopedia of Unified Science. Included in each mailing was an introductory prospectus which began:Recent years have witnessed a striking growth of interest in the scientific enterprise as a whole and especially in the unity of science. The concern throughout the world for the logic of science, the history of science, and the sociology of science reveals a comprehensive international movement interested in considering science as a whole in terms of the scientific temper itself. A science of science is appearing. The extreme specialization within science demands as its corrective an interest in the scientific edifice in its entirety. This is especially necessary if science is to satisfy its inherent urge for the systematization of its results and methods and if science is to perform adequately its educational role in the modern world. Science is gradually rousing itself for the performance of its total task.
„Jüdische Güterschlächterei” im Vormärz
Authors: Erb Rainer 
Published: January 2009

In den Kreisen Paderborn, Büren, Warburg und Höxter des Regierungsbezirkes Minden der preußischen Provinz Westfalen wurde den Juden im Jahre 1836 durch eine Kabinettsordre Friedrich Wilhelms III. der Erwerb bäuerlicher Grundstücke verboten. Diese Kabinettsordre vom 20. September 1836 mit dem Titel: „Wegen Beseitigung der aus der Ansiedlung der Juden auf dem platten Lande und deren Verkehr mit den Landbewohnern bäuerlichen Standes entsprungenen Mißverhältnisse” bestimmte:1. Die Juden dürfen in den genannten vier Kreisen bäuerliche Grundstücke nur dann erwerben, wenn sie dieselben selbst mit jüdischem Gesinde bewirtschaften.2. Schuldverträge zwischen Bauern und Juden können von diesen nur dann gerichtlich eingeklagt werden, wenn sie vor einem Richter am Wohnort des Schuldners aufgenommen worden sind. Die Aufnahme in das Schuldregister ist bei Verdacht von Wucher zu versagen.
ASL or contact signing: Issues of judgment
Authors: Lucas Ceil , Valli Clayton 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThis article reports on one aspect of an ongoing study of language contact in the American deaf community. A kind of signing that results from the contact between American Sign Language (ASL) and English exhibits features of both languages. The ultimate goal of the study is a linguistic description of contact signing and a reexamination of claims that it is a pidgin. Ten dyads and two triads of native ASL signers (6 white dyads, 4 black dyads, 2 black triads) were videotaped with a deaf interviewer, a hearing interviewer, and alone with each other. The different interview situations induced switching between ASL and contact signing. This article (1) reviews the pattern of language use during the interviews with the white dyads and describes the judgments of selected videotaped segments by 10 native signers; (2) examines the role of demographic information in judgments. For each segment, half of the judges were given one set of demographic information, and the other half were given another set. Indications are that this information does affect judgment, even though the linguistic forms viewed were identical. (American Sign Language, language contact, language judgments, deaf community)