bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An overview of solutions to the bus bunching problem in urban bus systems
Authors: Yang Ying , Cheng Junchi , Liu Yang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBus bunching has been a persistent issue in urban bus system since it first appeared, and it remains a challenge not fully resolved. This phenomenon may reduce the operational efficiency of the urban bus system, which is detrimental to the operation of fast-paced public transport in cities. Fortunately, extensive research has been undertaken in the long development and optimization of the urban bus system, and many solutions have emerged so far. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the existing solutions and serve as a guide for subsequent research in this area. Upon careful examination of current findings, it is found that, based on the different optimization objects, existing solutions to the bus bunching problem can be divided into five directions, i.e., operational strategy improvement, traffic control improvement, driver driving rules improvement, passenger habit improvement, and others. While numerous solutions to bus bunching are available, there remains a gap in research exploring the integrated application of methods from diverse directions. Furthermore, with the development of autonomous driving, it is expected that the use of modular autonomous vehicles could be the most potential solution to the issue of bus bunching in the future.
How to suppress the Kirkendall porosity within the Ti/Ni explosive welds?
Authors: Wojewoda-Budka Joanna , Kwiecien Izabella , Bigos Agnieszka , Terlicka Sylwia , Litynska-Dobrzynska Lidia , Petrzak Pawel , Wierzbicka-Miernik Anna , Szczerba Maciej , Szulc Zygmunt , Rabkin Eugen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPure Ti (Grade 1) and Ni (type Ni201) were used to produce the Ti/Ni welds employing the explosive welding process. Thermal expansion of the welded plates was determined using dilatometric measurements from room temperature up to 600 °C. The results showed that the thermal expansion coefficient of Ti/Ni welded plates is closer to that of pure nickel than would be suggested by the Timoshenko’s model for bimetallic strip. The microstructure of the Ti/Ni interface after exposure to high temperatures revealed the presence of extensive interface porosity (Kirkendall porosity). This may cause a catastrophic disintegration of the weld during working or essential forming. The welded plates were annealed at the temperature of 650 °C under different applied compressive loads, and the applied load was shown to alter the microstructure of the NixTiy phases present at the Ti/Ni interface. Based on the obtained interface microstructural data, the strategy to suppress the Kirkendall porosity at the interface was proposed.
Key Factors Impacting a Medical Ventilator Supply Chain During the COVID- 19 Pandemic: Lessons for Pandemic Preparedness
Authors: Fox Frank , Hayes Jessica , Whelan Barbara , Casey Dympna , Connolly Máire 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
Future pandemics may cause more severe respiratory illness in younger age groups than COVID-19, requiring many more mechanical ventilators. This publication synthesizes the experiences of diverse contributors to Medtronic’s mechanical ventilator supply chain during the pandemic, serving as a record of what worked and what didn’t, while identifying key factors affecting production ramp-up in this healthcare crisis.

Method:
In-depth, one-on-one interviews (n = 17) were held with key Medtronic personnel and suppliers. Template analysis was used, and interview content was analyzed for signals, initiatives, actions, and outcomes, as well as influencing forces.

Results:
Key findings revealed many factors limiting ventilator production ramp-up. Supply chain strengths and weaknesses were identified. Political factors played a role in allocating ventilators and also supported production. Commercial considerations were not priority, but economic awareness was essential to support suppliers. Workers were motivated and flexible. Component shortages, space, production processes, and logistics were challenges. Legally based pressures were reported e.g., import and export restrictions.

Conclusion:
Crisis response alone is not enough; preparation is essential. Coordinated international strategies are more effective than individual country responses. Supply chain resilience based on visibility and flexibility is key. This research can help public health planners and the medical device industry prepare for future healthcare crises.
Broad, strong, and soft: Using geospatial analysis to understand folk-linguistic terminology
Authors: Dann Holly , Drummond Rob , Tasker Sarah , Montgomery Chris , Ryan Sadie Durkacz , Carrie Erin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study uses a modified online version of the “draw-a-map” task and Garrett, Williams, and Evans’ (2005b) “keywords” methodology to explore the geospatial distribution of different accent and dialect labels and descriptors in Greater Manchester, UK. Specifically, we consider the distribution of the three most frequent labels related to “accentedness”: Broad, Strong, and Soft, as provided by 349 Greater Manchester residents. This analysis finds that these descriptors were clustered in separate areas of Greater Manchester, suggesting that they were being used to describe perceptually distinct varieties of English. In order to uncover the nuances in these folk-linguistic terms, we consider how they correlate with other concepts emerging from the dataset, finding that they are being used to differentiate between varieties with contrasting social associations. By combining innovative approaches, this study demonstrates how the subtleties of folk-linguistic modes of awareness can be uncovered through in-depth analysis of the terminology employed to describe linguistic variation on a very local scale. In so doing, it paves the way for further development of draw-a-map techniques that will enable similarly nuanced analysis in different regions, thus pushing the sub-discipline forward.
Discrimination Based on Genetic Information in South Asia: An Exploratory Study of Constitutions and Relevant Laws
Authors: Akash  , Sarker Shuvro Prosun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe progress in precision medicine has resulted in genomic technology spreading worldwide. This has raised concerns about the ethics of genetic data sharing and privacy. This article focuses on South Asia and first aims to identify, analyze, and understand the laws, regulations, and policies related to genetic data privacy and discrimination in that region. This is accomplished through a qualitative examination of existing laws and policies on privacy rights and a doctrinal analysis of legislation gathered from seven jurisdictions, viz. Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. Following the presentation of the country-specific study, the article turns to discussing the study's results, which suggest that the area lacks both national norms and a regional policy specific to the protection of personal genetic data. The article then offers possible reasons for this outcome and suggests that the countries must formulate culturally sensitive regulations and universally applicable legal principles for genetic privacy notwithstanding the existing challenges of poverty, non-uniform demographics, and an absence of political will.
The limiting spectral distribution of large random permutation matrices
Authors: Li Jianghao , Zhou Huanchao , Bai Zhidong , Hu Jiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe explore the limiting spectral distribution of large-dimensional random permutation matrices, assuming the underlying population distribution possesses a general dependence structure. Let
$\textbf X = (\textbf x_1,\ldots,\textbf x_n)$

$\in \mathbb{C} ^{m \times n}$
be an
$m \times n$
data matrix after self-normalization (n samples and m features), where
$\textbf x_j = (x_{1j}^{*},\ldots, x_{mj}^{*} )^{*}$
. Specifically, we generate a permutation matrix
$\textbf X_\pi$
by permuting the entries of
$\textbf x_j$

$(j=1,\ldots,n)$
and demonstrate that the empirical spectral distribution of
$\textbf {B}_n = ({m}/{n})\textbf{U} _{n} \textbf{X} _\pi \textbf{X} _\pi^{*} \textbf{U} _{n}^{*}$
weakly converges to the generalized Marčenko–Pastur distribution with probability 1, where
$\textbf{U} _n$
is a sequence of
$p \times m$
non-random complex matrices. The conditions we require are
$p/n \to c >0$
and
$m/n \to \gamma > 0$
.
Algorithmic aspects of temporal betweenness
Authors: Buß Sebastian , Molter Hendrik , Niedermeier Rolf , Rymar Maciej 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe betweenness centrality of a graph vertex measures how often this vertex is visited on shortest paths between other vertices of the graph. In the analysis of many real-world graphs or networks, the betweenness centrality of a vertex is used as an indicator for its relative importance in the network. In particular, it is among the most popular tools in social network analysis. In recent years, a growing number of real-world networks have been modeled as temporal graphs instead of conventional (static) graphs. In a temporal graph, we have a fixed set of vertices and there is a finite discrete set of time steps, and every edge might be present only at some time steps. While shortest paths are straightforward to define in static graphs, temporal paths can be considered “optimal” with respect to many different criteria, including length, arrival time, and overall travel time (shortest, foremost, and fastest paths). This leads to different concepts of temporal betweenness centrality, posing new challenges on the algorithmic side. We provide a systematic study of temporal betweenness variants based on various concepts of optimal temporal paths.Computing the betweenness centrality for vertices in a graph is closely related to counting the number of optimal paths between vertex pairs. While in static graphs computing the number of shortest paths is easily doable in polynomial time, we show that counting foremost and fastest paths is computationally intractable (#P-hard), and hence, the computation of the corresponding temporal betweenness values is intractable as well. For shortest paths and two selected special cases of foremost paths, we devise polynomial-time algorithms for temporal betweenness computation. Moreover, we also explore the distinction between strict (ascending time labels) and non-strict (non-descending time labels) time labels in temporal paths. In our experiments with established real-world temporal networks, we demonstrate the practical effectiveness of our algorithms, compare the various betweenness concepts, and derive recommendations on their practical use.
A note on quantum K-theory of root constructions
Authors: Tseng Hsian-Hua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe consider K-theoretic Gromov-Witten theory of root constructions. We calculate some genus
$0$
K-theoretic Gromov-Witten invariants of a root gerbe. We also obtain a K-theoretic relative/orbifold correspondence in genus
$0$
.
THE DICHOTOMY BETWEEN JURISDICTION AND ADMISSIBILITY IN INTERNATIONAL ARBITRATION
Authors: Ren Raphael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dichotomy between jurisdiction and admissibility developed in public international law has drawn much attention from arbitrators and judges in recent years. Inspired by Paulsson's ‘tribunal versus claim’ lodestar, attempts have been made to transpose the distinction from public international law to investment treaty arbitration, yielding a mixed reception from tribunals. Remarkably, a second leap of transposition has found firmer footing in commercial arbitration, culminating in the prevailing view of the common law courts in England, Singapore and Hong Kong that arbitral decisions on admissibility are non-reviewable. However, this double transposition from international law to commercial arbitration is misguided. First, admissibility is a concept peculiar to international law and not embodied in domestic arbitral statutes. Second, its importation into commercial arbitration risks undermining the fundamental notion of jurisdiction grounded upon the consent of parties. Third, the duality of ‘night and day’ postulated by Paulsson to distinguish between reviewable and non-reviewable arbitral rulings is best reserved to represent the basic dichotomy between jurisdiction and merits.
Cystacanths of Bolbosoma vasculosum in the black scabbard fish Aphanopus carbo, oceanic horse mackerel Trachurus picturatus and common dolphin Delphinus delphis from Madeira, Portugal
Authors: Costa G. , Chubb J.C. , Veltkamp C.J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCystacanths of the acanthocephalan, Bolbosoma vasculosum Rudolphi 1819, were found to be encapsulated in the connective tissues of the viscera of the black scabbard fish, Aphanopus carbo and oceanic horse mackerel, Trachurus picturatusfrom Madeira, Atlantic Ocean. Juvenile worms were obtained from the intestine of a stranded common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, also from Madeira. Cystacanths were 11–15 mm long, with a proboscis of 18–19 longitudinal rows, eight hooks per row, and two sets of trunk spines. Overall, the morphology and dimensions of the proboscis, neck and trunk corresponded to previous descriptions. Scanning electron microscopy of the proboscis structures and trunk spines is provided for the first time. The prevalence of B. vasculosum in A. carbo increased with fish length. There were no statistical differences in the prevalence and intensity of infection between seasons. The intensity of infection was similar for male and female fishes, but there were significant differences in relation to length, longer fishes having heavier infections. Aphanopus carbo from Madeira represents a new host record and a new geographic location for B. vasculosum.
Rodents as reservoir hosts in the transmission of Schistosoma mansoni in Richard-Toll, Senegal, West Africa
Authors: Duplantier J.M. , Sène M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMore than 2000 animals belonging to six different rodent species and one insectivore species were examined for infection with schistosomes in the region of Richard-Toll, Senegal. Two murid rodents, Arvicanthisniloticus and Mastomyshuberti, were found infected with Schistosomamansoni. Prevalences were about 5% for both rodent species with a mean worm burden of about 20 worms per host. The sex-ratios of S.mansoni worms were always biased towards males. Prevalences and worm burdens, although similar in both male and female rodents, increased significantly with age. The highest prevalences and worm burdens were found near habitations and decreased significantly with the distance from the town of Richard-Toll. Eggs were also observed in the liver and faeces of the two naturally infected rodent species. The results suggest that rodents participate in the transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis in Richard-Toll but the human population is the main source of infection. The genetic resemblance between human and murine isolates of S. mansoni suggests that further epidemiological studies are needed in this region of Senegal.
The use of zeolites as slow release anthelmintic carriers
Authors: Dyer A. , Morgan S. , Wells P. , Williams C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis work examines the ability of commerical zeolite Y to act as a slow release agent for a number of anthelmintic drugs. Administration to rats, dosed with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, of pyrantel and/or fenbendazole and pigs, dosed with Ascaris and Oesophagostomum, of dichlorvos (DDVP) loaded onto zeolite Y was more sucessful in killing adult worms than administration of the pure drug alone. The zeolite Y was used as supplied for initial studies and then later dealuminated for further studies. The drug loadings were monitored by thermal analysis and the loaded zeolites were used in several field trials. The results indicate that zeolite Y is a suitable vehicle for the slow release of some anthelmintics. The slow release of drug from the zeolite matrix improved its efficacy.
Changes in hepatic lipids of mice infected with cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps
Authors: Corbin I. , Novak M. , Blackburn B.J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to investigate the effect of infection with Taenia crassiceps cysticerci on the lipid profile of mouse liver. Chloroform/methanol extracts of livers from infected mice showed lower concentrations of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, total glycerophospholipid, triacylglycerol, total fatty acid (FA) and all measured FA components than those from controls. Furthermore, the ratios obtained on dividing concentrations of the FA components by that of total FA demonstrate that the concentration decreases caused by infection are less for polyunsaturated fatty acids (FAs) than for other FAs. Extracts of T. crassiceps displayed a similar lipid profile to that of host liver but contained a lower lipid content and a shorter average FA chain length.
Helminth communities of pademelons, Thylogale stigmatica and T. thetis from eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea
Authors: Griffith J.E. , Beveridge I. , Chilton N.B. , Johnson P.M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGastrointestinal helminths were collected from pademelons of the genus Thylogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) in eastern Australia and Papua New Guinea. Examined were 12 Thylogale stigmatica stigmatica and 13 T. s. wilcoxi, the latter subdivided into eight specimens from the northern limit of their distribution and five from southern areas, all from eastern Queensland, Australia, one T. s. oriomo from Papua New Guinea and ten T. thetis from southeastern Queensland and northern New South Wales, Australia. Six species of cestodes and 40 species of nematodes were found. The helminth community of T. s. stigmatica was similar to that found in northern specimens of T. s. wilcoxi, while differences from the helminth community present in southern T. s. wilcoxi could be accounted for by parasites acquired from sympatric T. thetis. Thylogale thetis harboured a community of helminths distinct from but related to that in T. stigmatica. The evidence suggests that all subspecies of T. stigmatica examined share a common helminth community, but that in areas of sympatry, T. stigmatica and T. thetis share some of their parasites.
Act XI of 1857: The life and afterlife of an emergency statute in colonial and post-colonial India
Authors: Downs Troy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis article seeks to assess the legal legacy of one of British India’s most significant emergency acts: Act XI of 1857, also known as the State Offences Act. Although introduced during the Indian Uprising of 1857, it will be argued that the extra-judicial provisions contained in this act exerted a strong influence on the legal character of post-1857 ‘special’ or exceptional colonial criminal legislation, an influence that continued to be reflected in the punitive emergency laws set in place in post-colonial India. The long-term historical significance of Act XI will be illustrated by examining some of the more notable pieces of punitive or repressive legislation enacted in colonial and post-colonial India, namely the Murderous Outrages Act of 1867, the 1915 Defence of India (Criminal Law Amendment) Act, the Anarchical and Revolutionary Crimes Act of 1919, the Defence of India Act, 1962, and, more recently, the Terrorist and Disruptive Activities (Prevention) Act of 1985.
Investigating the Uniform Information Density hypothesis with complex nominal compounds
Authors: Gamboa John C. B. , Fernandez Leigh B. , Allen Shanley E. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Uniform Information Density (UID) hypothesis proposes that speakers communicate by transmitting information close to a constant rate. When choosing between two syntactic variants, it claims that speakers prefer the variant distributing information most evenly, avoiding signal peaks and troughs. If speakers prefer transmitting information uniformly, then comprehenders should also prefer a uniform signal, experiencing difficulty whenever confronted with informational peaks. However, the literature investigating this hypothesis has focused mostly on production, with only a few studies considering comprehension. In this study, we investigate comprehension in two eye-tracking experiments. Participants read sentences of two different lengths, reflecting different degrees of density, containing either a dense structure (a nominal compound, NC) or a structure that spreads the information through more words (a noun followed by a prepositional phrase, PP). Favoring the UID hypothesis, participants gazed longer at text segments following the critical structure when it was an NC than when it was a PP. They also regressed more in sentences containing longer structures. However, the pattern of results was not as clear as expected, potentially reflecting participants’ experience with the denser structure or task differences between production and comprehension. These aspects should be taken into account in future research investigating the UID hypothesis for comprehension.
Reflecting on the use of response times to index linguistic knowledge in SLA
Authors: Hui Bronson , Jia Ruirui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Response times (RTs) have become ubiquitous in second language acquisition (SLA) research, providing empirical evidence for the theorization of the language learning process. Recently, there have been discussions of some fundamental psychometric properties of RT data, including, but not limited to, their reliability and validity. In this light, we take a step back to reflect on the use of RT data to tap into linguistic knowledge in SLA. First, we offer a brief overview of how RT data are most commonly used as vocabulary and grammar measures. We then point out three key limitations of such uses, namely that (a) RT data can lack substantive importance without considerations of accuracy, (b) RT differences may or may not be a satisfactory psychometric individual difference measure, and (c) some tasks designed to elicit RT data may not be sufficiently fine-grained to target specific language processes. Our overarching goal is to enhance the awareness among SLA researchers of these issues when interpreting RT results and stimulate research endeavors that delve into the unique properties of RT data when used in our field.
Serological follow-up after syphilis diagnosis in Israel
Authors: Grauenfels Cohen Galia , Cohen Matan J. , Dveyrin Ze’ev , Mor Zohar , Rorman Efrat , Kaliner Ehud 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The global incidence of syphilis is increasing. Continuity of care challenges the control of sexually transmitted diseases. In this study, we assessed the follow-up and serological decline differences between community- and hospital-diagnosed patients in Israel. A historical cohort study was conducted using the Israel National Syphilis Center (NSC) repository. Patients with a positive non-specific Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test between 2011 and 2020 were included. Rates of serological follow-up and serological titre decreases were compared between hospital- and community-diagnosed patients. The study included 4,445 patients, 2,596 (58.4%) were diagnosed in community clinics and 1,849 (41.6%) in hospitals. Of community-diagnosed patients, 1,957 (75.4%) performed follow-up testing, compared with 834 (51.2%) hospital-diagnosed patients (p < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, the odds ratio of serology follow-up among community-diagnosed patients was 2.8 (95 per cent confidence interval (95% CI): 2.2–3.5) that of hospital-diagnosed patients. There were 1,397 (71.4%) community-diagnosed patients with serological titre decrease, compared with 626 (74.9%) hospital-diagnosed patients (p = 0.03). On multivariate analysis, this difference diminished. Serological follow-up testing is suboptimal and was performed more often among patients initially diagnosed in the community compared to hospitals. Continuity of care should be improved to promote successful patient care and prevent disease spread.