bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Canna yellow mottle virus Detected in Canna in Florida
Authors: Momol M. Timur , Lockhart Benham E. L. , Dankers Hank , Adkins Scott 
Published: May 2008

Cannas are herbaceous flowering plants native to the tropics and subtropics and widely cultivated as ornamentals in Florida. Canna yellow mottle virus (CaYMV), previously reported in Japan and Minnesota, is now also present in Florida, based on symptoms, microscopy, PCR, and sequence analysis. There is no known vector for this virus. Canna yellow mottle disease can be an economically important disease constraint on the production of cannas in Florida. Accepted for publication 14 July 2004. Published 9 August 2004.
Sensitivity of Pseudoperonospora humuli (the Causal Agent of Hop Downy Mildew) from Oregon, Idaho, and Washington to Fosetyl-Al (Aliette)
Authors: Nelson Mark E. , Eastwell Kenneth C. , Grove Gary G. , Barbour James D. , Ocamb Cynthia M. , Alldredge J. Richard 
Published: May 2008

Failures of fosetyl-Al (Aliette) to control hop (Humulus lupulus) downy mildew, caused by Pseudoperonospora humuli, have recently occurred in northern Idaho and Oregon. To determine if resistance of the pathogen to the fungicide has developed, leaf disk assays were conducted to compare sensitivity of P. humuli isolates from the different U.S. hop-growing regions to isolates from a research yard where exposure to fosetyl-Al had not occurred for at least 10 years. Dose response curves of transformed data were linear. The fosetyl-Al concentration effective against 50% of the P. humuli isolates (ED50) from each location was estimated from the linearized data. The ED50 values indicate that fosetyl-Al was about one-third as effective against P. humuli isolates from commercial hop yards in northern Idaho and Oregon and about one-half as effective against isolates from southern Idaho compared to isolates from the research yard. Commercial yards in Washington were similar to the research yard. Accepted for publication 3 August 2004. Published 11 August 2004.
Managing Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to the Strobilurin Fungicides
Authors: Turechek William W. , Köller Wolfram 
Published: May 2008

Over the past thirty years, fungicide resistance has been cited as the cause of large-scale crop losses due to apple scab in a number of commercial orchards in the Northeast. The strobilurins represent the most recent class of fungicides for which the threat of resistance exists. In this article we examine the use of strobilurin fungicides at their highest and lowest labeled rates and as a mixture of the lowest labeled rate with a protectant fungicide in commercial spray programs for efficacy against apple scab as well as their utility in a resistance management program. Our results suggest that anti-resistance properties of high strobilurin rates are superior to low rates and low rate mixtures with a protectant fungicide. Accepted for publication 26 August 2004. Published 8 September 2004.
Methyl Bromide Provides Phytosanitary Security: A Review and Case Study for Senegalese Asparagus
Authors: Davis Erica E. , Venette Robert C. 
Published: May 2008

The authors describe how the USDA-APHIS currently uses methyl bromide for imported asparagus, and explore whether methyl bromide treatment schedules might be adequate to control pests of asparagus from Senegal without adversely affecting the quality of the produce. Accepted for publication 21 October 2004. Published 22 November 2004.
Resistance to Azoxystrobin in the Gummy Stem Blight Pathogen Documented in Georgia
Authors: Stevenson Katherine L. , Langston David B. , Seebold Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2008

Gummy stem blight, caused by the fungus Didymella bryoniae, is the most destructive disease of watermelon in Georgia and in many other watermelon producing areas of the U.S. The QoI fungicide azoxystrobin has been used for gummy stem blight control in Georgia since 1998. As early as 1999, reduced control of gummy stem blight with azoxystrobin was noted in several research sites and commercial fields of cucumber and watermelon in Georgia. Isolates from several of these fields were later confirmed to be resistant to azoxystrobin. To determine how widespread the resistance problem was in Georgia, extensive surveys of watermelon and muskmelon fields and transplant houses were conducted in 2001 and 2002 to determine the frequency of azoxystrobin-resistant isolates in populations of D. bryoniae. Of the 272 isolates collected in 2001, 247 (91%) were resistant to azoxystrobin. In 2002, 82% of the 170 isolates collected were resistant to azoxystrobin, and of the 40 isolates collected from watermelon transplants, all but one were resistant to azoxystrobin, suggesting that resistant isolates in the field may have originated from seed or transplants. Georgia melon growers are now advised to use alternative fungicides that are chemically unrelated to the QoIs for gummy stem blight control. Accepted for publication 2 November 2004. Published 7 December 2004.
First Report of Powdery Mildew on Potato Caused by Leveillula taurica in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , du Toit Lindsey J. , Pelter Gary Q. 
Published: May 2008

In August 2004, examination of powdery mildew-infected ‘Russet Burbank’ potato leaves from a furrow-irrigated field in Grant Co., WA, revealed two powdery mildew fungi, one referable to Erysiphe orontii and the other to Leveillula taurica (Lév.) G. Arnaud. Discovery of the two species sporulating together on diseased leaves is consistent with an observation made in the Middle East. This report documents, for the first time, L. taurica on potato in N. America and provides information on distinguishing it from E. orontii. Accepted for publication 9 December 2004. Published 14 December 2004.
Ascospore Release of Togninia minima, Cause of Esca and Grapevine Decline in California
Authors: Rooney-Latham Suzanne , Eskalen A. , Gubler W. D. 
Published: May 2008

Esca and grapevine decline are important diseases affecting both young and mature grapevines worldwide. In California, these diseases are caused primarily by the fungal pathogens Phaeomoniella chlamydospora and Phaeoacremonium aleophilum. Perithecia of Togninia minima, the newly-described teleomorph of Phaeoacremonium aleophilum, were produced by mating different strains in culture. Using a video camera, the process of emerging asci and release of ascospores from perithecia was filmed and presented herein for review. Furthermore, naturally occurring perithecia were discovered in infected California vineyards. These studies provide video documentation of the method of ascospore release of Togninia minima and suggest the importance of ascospore release in the disease cycle of esca in California vineyards. Accepted for publication 7 December 2004. Published 9 February 2005.
Abnormal Leaf Development on White Oaks Linked to Drift of Chloroacetamide Herbicides
Authors: Samtani Jayesh B. , Masiunas John B. , Appleby James E. 
Published: May 2008

In the last few decades, white oak in the north central region have developed malformed spring leaves called “leaf tatters.” Symptoms begin with the death of interveinal leaf tissues, eventually leaving only the main leaf veins with little interveinal tissues present. Winter injury, frost, insect attack, and herbicide drift were all thought to be possible causes of leaf tatters. This study indicates that drift of chloroacetamide herbicides from applications onto corn and soybean fields is a possible cause of the leaf tatters syndrome. Accepted for publication 14 February 2005. Published 21 February 2005.
Asian Soybean Rust Caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi on Soybean and Kudzu in Florida
Authors: Harmon Philip F. , Momol M. Timur , Marois J. J. , Dankers Hank , Harmon Carrie L. 
Published: May 2008

Asian soybean rust caused by Phakopsora pachyrhizi was found on soybean and kudzu in Florida in November of 2004. The initial diagnosis of soybean rust was based on observations of symptoms and urediniospores. The two species of Phakopsora that cause rust diseases on soybean, P. pachyrhizi and P. meibomiae, cannot be differentiated with light microscopy. A rapid DNA extraction and PCR amplification protocol discriminated between the two species. The sequence of the amplified DNA product confirmed this first report of P. pachyrhizi in Florida. Accepted for publication 9 May 2005. Published 13 June 2005.
Expansion of the Host Range of Impatiens necrotic spot virus to Peppers
Authors: Naidu Rayapati A. , Deom Carl M. , Sherwood John L. 
Published: May 2008

This study reports the occurrence of Impatiens necrotic spot virus (INSV) on pepper under greenhouse conditions. In recent years, INSV has been detected in crops like peanut, tobacco, and potato as well as several weed species. Because INSV is vectored by western flower thrips and tobacco thrips, its expanding host range could make it an economically important problem in agricultural and horticultural crops in the U.S. Accepted for publication 11 July 2005. Published 27 July 2005.
Phytophthora hibernalis: A New Pathogen on Rhododendron and Evidence of Cross Amplification with Two PCR Detection Assays for Phytophthora ramorum
Authors: Blomquist Cheryl , Osterbauer Nancy , Reeser Paul 
Published: May 2008

This study completes Koch's postulates for P. hibernalis on rhododendron. P. hibernalis has previously been described as causing brown rot of citrus. This report expands the pathogen's known natural host range. P. hibernalis does not appear to be widespread in the California and Oregon nursery industries, but was recovered in both states for three consecutive years. Accepted for publication 8 July 2005. Published 28 July 2005.
Rhabdocline Needlecast Increases Needle Loss of Douglas-fir Christmas Trees
Authors: Bates Ricky M. 
Published: May 2008

Little is known about the effect of Rhabdocline needlecast on needle retention characteristics of Douglas-fir. This report describes a needle retention comparison of healthy Douglas-fir branches with symptomless diseased branches. Accepted for publication 13 September 2005. Published 16 September 2005.
First Report of Powdery Mildew on Corylus avellana caused by Phyllactinia guttata in Washington State
Authors: Hartney Sierra , Glawe Dean A. , Dugan Frank , Ammirati Joseph 
Published: May 2008

Contorted hazelnut is an ornamental tree introduced to North America from Europe. In the fall of 2004 and 2005, powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia guttata (Wallr.:Fr.) Lév. was observed on contorted hazelnut (‘contorta’) located on the campus of Washington State University, Pullman, and on several C. avellana trees (unknown cultivar) on the campus of the University of Washington, Seattle. This report documents for the first time the occurrence of P. guttata on C. avellana in both eastern and western Washington. Accepted for publication 18 October 2005. Published 21 November 2005.
Susceptibility of Perennial Small Grains to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus
Authors: Cadle-Davidson L. , Bergstrom G. C. , Cox T. S. 
Published: May 2008

Perennial small grains offer the potential for sustainable production of forage and grain on marginal and erodable lands. The authors' results suggest that perennial small grains are at risk for infection by Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) and Wheat spindle streak mosaic virus (WSSMV) and that resistant cultivars may be needed for management of these diseases. Ideally, breeders should screen perennial small grain lines for resistance to soilborne viruses in the early stages of selection. Accepted for publication 27 October 2005. Published 30 November 2005.
Panama Disease: An Old Nemesis Rears Its Ugly Head: Part 1. The Beginnings of the Banana Export Trades
Authors: Ploetz Randy C. 
Published: May 2008

This review summarizes how and where the banana export trades began, the early history of Panama disease, and the important effect that the disease had on the development of this industry. This is a story of political and social upheaval, and of the first large agriculture ventures in the tropics. It focuses on the trades in the Americas before they converted to the resistant Cavendish cultivars. Accepted for publication 17 October 2005. Published 21 December 2005.
First Report of Powdery Mildew on Caragana arborescens in Minnesota and North Dakota Caused by Microsphaera (Erysiphe) palczewskii
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Stack Robert W. , Walla James A. 
Published: May 2008

In North Dakota and Minnesota, the authors encountered a powdery mildew disease of Caragana arborescens Lam. (Siberian pea tree) previously unreported from these states. The causal agent was determined to be Microsphaera palczewskii Jacz. This report documents for the first time the presence of M. palczewskii in North America east of the Rocky Mountains and includes information on the morphology, classification, and distribution of this species. Accepted for publication 4 January 2006. Published 17 January 2006.
Identifying and Characterizing Summer Diseases on ‘Babygold’ Peach in South Carolina
Authors: Schnabel Guido , Chai Wenxuan , Cox Kerik D. 
Published: May 2008

Summer diseases can cause significant yield losses in processing peach varieties, such as the ‘Babygold’ lines. In this study we identified and characterized the pathogens responsible for disease outbreaks in two orchards (PH and JC) located in the northern ‘Piedmont’ area of South Carolina. Three pathogens, Geotrichum candidum, Colletotrichum acutatum, and Botryosphaeria dothidea, the causal agents of sour rot, anthracnose, and Botryosphaeria fruit rot disease respectively, were identified on fruit from orchard PH using symptomology, culture and spore morphology, and ribosomal DNA analysis. G. candidum and C. acutatum were also isolated from symptomatic fruit from orchard JC. The QoI fungicide azoxystrobin and a mixture of pyraclostrobin and boscalid were evaluated for their in vitro efficacy against five isolates of each of the three pathogens to investigate their possible usefulness in designing management strategies. Azoxystrobin inhibited mycelial growth of C. acutatum isolates (EC50 values of 0.01 to 0.55 mg/liter) but was ineffective against mycelium of G. candidum and B. dothidea isolates (EC50 values >300 mg/liter). The pyraclostrobin-boscalid mixture was highly effective against mycelium of C. acutatum (EC50 values of 0.01 to 0.05 mg/liter) and B. dothidea isolates (EC50 values of 0.02 to 0.03 mg/liter), but only marginally effective against mycelium of G. candidum (EC50 values 15.79 to 39.03 mg/liter). This study provides a diagnostic guide of pathogens that can cause summer diseases on ‘Babygold’ peaches and reports their in vitro sensitivity to registered respiration inhibitor fungicides. Accepted for publication 23 December 2005. Published 1 March 2006.
Suppression of Fusarium Wilt of Watermelon Enhanced by Hairy Vetch Green Manure and Partial Cultivar Resistance
Authors: Zhou X. G. , Everts K. L. 
Published: May 2008

Hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) green manure is a newly-described potential management tool for Fusarium wilt of watermelon, but control is insufficient when watermelon, especially triploid watermelon, is grown in severely infested soils. A field experiment in a split-split-plot design was conducted over two years to evaluate efficacy of hairy vetch green manure alone and in combination with a moderately wilt-resistant (MR) triploid watermelon cultivar for wilt suppression compared with preplant soil fumigants. Either the soil-incorporated hairy vetch winter cover crop or the MR cultivar was effective in reducing wilt incidence, promoting plant vine growth, and increasing fruit yield. However, neither approach alone resulted in disease reductions sufficient to obtain an acceptable level of marketable fruit yield. An additive effect was observed when both treatments were combined and was greater than that obtained with the fumigants methyl bromide or metam sodium. Stem colonization by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum was lower following hairy vetch green manure than in fallow treatments, and was lowest in the MR cultivar grown in green-manured plots. The combined use of hairy vetch green manure and a MR cultivar can enhance suppression of Fusarium wilt in triploid watermelon. Accepted for publication 25 February 2006. Published 5 April 2006.
Synopsis of Fungi Listed as Regulated Plant Pests by the USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service: Notes on Nomenclature, Disease, Plant Hosts, and Geographic Distribution
Authors: Cline Erica T. , Farr David F. 
Published: May 2008

To prevent the entry of exotic fungal pathogens, the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) has compiled a list of regulated plant pests of concern to the U.S., including more than 50 species of fungi that might cause serious economic or environmental damage. The fungi on the APHIS Regulated Plant Pest List represent some of the most significant threats to U.S. agriculture. For each of these fungal species, a synopsis was prepared that presents notes on nomenclature, disease, plant hosts, and geographic distribution. The following scientific names should be updated: Cercospora batatas (Pseudocercospora timorensis), Chrysomyxa ledi var. rhododendri (Chrysomyxa rhododendri), Crinipellis perniciosa (Moniliophthora perniciosa), Phacidiopycnis pseudotsugae (Allantophomopsis pseudotsugae), Pucciniastrum areolatum (Thekopsora areolata), and Stereum hiugense (Xylobolus hiugensis). Nomenclatural controversies are discussed for some species, including Diaporthe mali and Monilinia fructigena. Changes in nomenclature often reflect advances in taxonomic understanding, resulting in transfers to a different genus, modifications of lists of taxonomic synonyms, or establishing anamorph/teleomorph connections. These changes can have important implications for accurately determining the geographic distribution and host range of a fungus. Accurate information about scientific names, geographic distribution, and plant host range is essential in determining pest risk and in preventing the introduction and spread of invasive fungal pathogens. Accepted for publication 18 March 2006. Published 5 May 2006.
Illustration of Key Morphological Characteristics of Phytophthora Species Identified in Virginia Nursery Irrigation Water
Authors: Bush Elizabeth A. , Stromberg Erik L. , Hong Chuanxue , Richardson Patricia A. , Kong Ping 
Published: May 2008

Phytophthora diseases are commonly diagnosed on ornamental plants, but taxonomic identification to species can be intimidating. This illustrative guide is designed to aid diagnosticians in morphological identification of certain Phytophthora spp. that have been reported in irrigation and effluent water in nurseries. Using both morphological and molecular methods, the authors identify diagnostic characteristics that are consistent and easy to use. Accepted for publication 6 April 2006. Published 21 June 2006.
Managing Botrytis Gray Mold in Greenhouse Tomatoes Using Traditional and Bio-Fungicides
Authors: Ingram David M. , Meister Charles W. 
Published: May 2008

Eight fungicide products were evaluated over a three-year period to compare their efficacy in managing Botrytis gray mold in greenhouse tomatoes. Disease severity ratings indicated that STBX-016, Decree 50 WG, and Serenade ASO significantly reduced gray mold in two of three years as compared to the inoculated control. Milsana significantly reduced gray mold severity in only one of three years. Pristine and Switch reduced disease severity in the one year tested but Scala and Prestop did not. Switch, Milsana, and STBX-016 significantly increased marketable yield per plant in one of three years, as did Decree 50 WG in two of three years. Accepted for publication 9 May 2006. Published 18 July 2006.
First Report of Phytophthora cambivora on Hybrid Rhododendron in North Carolina
Authors: Hwang J. , Warfield C. Y. , Parker K. C. , Benson D. M. 
Published: May 2008

This is the first report of P. cambivora on Rhododendron spp. in North Carolina. Accepted for publication 30 May 2006. Published 28 August 2006.
Method and Timing of Fungicide Applications for Control of Spring Dead Spot In Hybrid Bermudagrass
Authors: Butler E. Lee , Tredway Lane P. 
Published: May 2008

The efficacy of five application methods and four fungicides were evaluated for control of spring dead spot (SDS) of bermudagrass from 2002 to 2004. Fenarimol and propiconazole were most effective in reducing SDS, providing from 66% to 89% and 51% to 52% control, respectively. Application water volume (2.5, 5, or 10 gal/1000 ft2), post-application irrigation, and high-pressure injection did not affect SDS control. Further research with fenarimol was conducted from 2003 into 2005 to optimize application rate and timing. In both years, all rates (6, 4 + 4, and 6 + 6 fl oz/1000 ft2, with split applications 2 weeks apart) provided equivalent control of SDS when averaged across all application timings. No significant differences were detected among application timings ranging from August 1 to October 1 in 2003 and from August 23 to November 5 in 2004. Accepted for publication 22 May 2006. Published 1 September 2006.
Postharvest Fruit Rots in d'Anjou Pears Caused by Botrytis cinerea, Potebniamyces pyri, and Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens
Authors: Xiao C. L. 
Published: May 2008

The ‘d'Anjou’ pear is the major winter pear variety in the US Pacific Northwest, and postharvest fruit rot diseases are a limiting factor for their long-term storage. The symptoms of the newly recognized diseases Phacidiopycnis rot and Sphaeropsis rot are similar to gray mold, and in fact, the new diseases are often misdiagnosed as gray mold. The objective of this article is to provide a practical guide to diagnosis of these three diseases. Accepted for publication 30 May 2006. Published 5 September 2006.
Identifying and Distinguishing Seedling and Root Rot Diseases of Sugar Beets
Authors: Harveson Robert M. 
Published: May 2008

Sugar beets are susceptible to a number of seedling and root rot diseases that constrain profitable sugar beet production. Since numerous environmental and cultural factors may cause symptoms that could be confused with symptoms caused by these pathogens, it is important to correctly identify and differentiate between various diseases and problems to effectively manage them. The goal of this guide is to assist in the identification and effective differentiation of various seedling and root rot diseases common to sugar beet. Accepted for publication 7 June 2006. Published 15 September 2006.
Uniqueness of fast travelling fronts in reaction–diffusion equations with delay
Authors: Aguerrea Maitere , Trofimchuk Sergei , Valenzuela Gabriel 
Published: May 2008

We consider positive travelling fronts,
u
(
t
,
x
)=
ϕ
(
ν
.
x
+
ct
),
ϕ
(−∞)=0,
ϕ
(∞)=
κ
, of the equation
u

t

(
t
,
x
)=Δ
u
(
t
,
x
)−
u
(
t
,
x
)+
g
(
u
(
t
−
h
,
x
)),
x
∈

m

. This equation is assumed to have exactly two non-negative equilibria:
u
1
≡0 and
u
2
≡
κ
>0, but the birth function
g
∈
C
2
(

,

) may be non-monotone on [0,
κ
]. We are therefore interested in the so-called monostable case of the time-delayed reaction–diffusion equation. Our main result shows that for every fixed and sufficiently large velocity
c
, the positive travelling front
ϕ
(
ν
.
x
+
ct
) is unique (modulo translations). Note that
ϕ
may be non-monotone. To prove uniqueness, we introduce a small parameter
ϵ
=1/
c
and realize a Lyapunov–Schmidt reduction in a scale of Banach spaces.