bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A nyelőcsőrák sebészi kezelésének változása az elmúlt 50 év folyamánr
Authors: Faller József 
Published: February 2009

Absztrakt
A nyelőcsősebészet – néhány sporadikus próbálkozástól eltekintve – alig több mint 50 éves múltra tekinthet vissza. A mellkassebészet fejlődésével párhuzamosan alakult ki, majd az anaesthesiologia és a perioperatív intenzív terápia előrehaladásával teljesedett ki. A kezdeti időszakban a nyelőcsőrák sebészete az alsó harmadi daganatok és az oesophago-gastricus átmenetben ülő, ún. cardiatumorok műtéteivel indult. Az 1970-es évekre esik a nyelőcsőrák miatt végzett műtétek egyre szélesebb körben történő elterjedése és a nyelőcső-sebészeti centrumok kialakulása. Az 1980-as években a részleges resectiókat a szubtotális resectiók váltották fel. Az 1990-es évek eredménye volt a hypopharynx és a nyaki nyelőcsőszakasz tumorainak rutinszerű kiirtása a megfelelő centrumokban. Általánosan elfogadottá vált a rutinszerű kiterjesztett nyirokcsomó-eltávolítás. Az évtized végére kikristályosodott a neoadjuváns radio-kemoterápia jelentősége. Megkezdődött a thoracoscopos és laparoscopos műtétekkel kapcsolatos tapasztalatszerzés. A napjainkra kialakult gyakorlat: intraepithelialis és csupán a muscularis mucosaera terjedő daganatoknál endoscopos mucosectomai vagy más endoscopos kezelés az elfogadott a thoracotomia nélküli nyelőcsőkiirtás mellett. Submucosus daganatoknál transthoracalisan vagy tranashiatalisan végzett szubtotális resectio és 2 mezős lymphadenectomia a választandó eljárás. Előrehaladott T2-es tumoroknál kizárólag a szubtotális resectio tekinthető kuratív módszernek, a daganat helyétől függően 2 vagy 3 mezős lymphadenectomiával kiegészítve. T3-as és T4-es középső, felső harmadi és nyaki daganatoknál neoadjuváns radio-kemoterápia szükséges. Csak reszpondereknél jön szóba resectiós műtét kuratív céllal.
A pancreas praecancerosisai: intraepithelialis neoplasia (PanIN) és intraductalis papillaris mucinosus neoplasia (IPMN)r
Authors: Ledniczky György , Bognár Gábor , Bereczky Bíborka , Barabás Loránd , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: February 2009

Absztrakt
A pancreascarcinoma praecursorainak tartott intraepithelialis neoplasia (PanIN1–3) és az intraductalis papillaris mucinosus neoplasia (IPMN) hisztopatológiailag és morfológiailag igen heterogén entitás, konzekvens osztályozásuk a közelmútban valósult meg. Áttekintjük a praecancerosisok klinikopatológiai és molekuláris genetikai jellemzőit, melyek az irodalmi adatok szerint egybevágnak az intraepithelialis és intraductalis neoplasiák noninvazív, noninfiltratív viselkedésével, és részben magyarázhatják a pancreas carcinomákétól eltérő, kitűnő prognózisukat.
Az emlő ritka malignomája: dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans fibrosarcomás átalakulással (DFSP-FS)r
Authors: Ledniczky György , Bognár Gábor , Diczházi Csaba , Bereczky Bíborka , Barabás Loránd , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: February 2009

Absztrakt
A dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) a törzs és a felső végtagok ritka, fibrohystiocytás tumora, amit lokálisan agresszív, lassú növekedés, igen gyakori recidíva és ritka metastasisképzés jellemez. DFSP az emlőben irodalmi raritás. Esettanulmányunkban a 65 éves beteg jobb emlőjében, többszöri fibroadenoma és neurofibroma kimetszését követően kialakult, fibrosarcomás átalakulást is mutató DFSP-t mutatunk be perioperatív, szövettani és immunhisztokémiai fényképsorozattal dokumentálva az igen nagy nonphylloid sarcoma mastectomiával és axillaris blockdissectióval történt eltávolítását, hisztológiai és immunhisztokémiai jellemzőit.
Kizárt combsérv klinikai képét mutató recidív retroperitonealis liposarcomar
Authors: Bognár Gábor , Bereczky Bíborka , Barabás Loránd , Diczházi Csaba , Ondrejka Pál 
Published: February 2009

Absztrakt
Egy 56 éves férfi beteg esetét ismertetjük, akinél korábban retroperitonealis liposarcomát távolítottunk el. A betegnél a fossa inguinalisban kiújult daganat a femoralis csatornán keresztül, az arteria femoralis mellett terjedt a combra és klinikailag incarcerált femoralis hernia képét mutatta. A CT-vizsgálat igazolta a recidív tumor gyanúját. Hasi és végtagi feltárásból távolítottuk el a tumort. Az eset kapcsán a kórkép differenciáldiagnosztikai kérdéseit és műtéttechnikai részleteket tárgyalunk.
Aortoenteralis fistula ritka formája – sigmoideo-grafto-cutan fistular
Authors: Bognár Gábor , Sugár István , Laczkó Ágnes , Ondrejka Pál , Ledniczky György 
Published: February 2009

Absztrakt
Egy 62 éves beteg esetét ismertetjük, aki acut rectalis vérzés miatt került felvételre. A beteg korábban aortobifemoralis bypassműtéten esett át. A kivizsgálás kapcsán a sigmabelet usuráló graftot észleltünk, mely körül kialakult abscedáló folyamat a bőrfelszín felé törő komponenssel is bírt. Exploratív laparotomia után sigmabél-resectio, az entero-grafto-cutan fistula exstirpatiója, a graft jobb szárának részleges eltávolítása, valamint extraanatomikus crossover bypass beültetése történt. Egy ritka, szekunder, a sigmabélbe törő aortoenteralis fistuláról számolunk be, melynél egy grafto-entero-cutan komponens is kialakult, ami alternatív műtéti megoldást kívánt.
An Interpolation Method for Stream Habitat Assessments
Authors: Sheehan Kenneth R. , Welsh Stuart A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Interpolation of stream habitat can be very useful for habitat assessment. Using a small number of habitat samples to predict the habitat of larger areas can reduce time and labor costs as long as it provides accurate estimates of habitat. The spatial correlation of stream habitat variables such as substrate and depth improves the accuracy of interpolated data. Several geographical information system interpolation methods (natural neighbor, inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging) were used to predict substrate and depth within a 210.7-m2 section of a second-order stream based on 2.5% and 5.0% sampling of the total area. Depth and substrate were recorded for the entire study site and compared with the interpolated values to determine the accuracy of the predictions. In all instances, the 5% interpolations were more accurate for both depth and substrate than the 2.5% interpolations, which achieved accuracies up to 95% and 92%, respectively. Interpolations of depth based on 2.5% sampling attained accuracies of 49–92%, whereas those based on 5% percent sampling attained accuracies of 57–95%. Natural neighbor interpolation was more accurate than that using the inverse distance weighted, ordinary kriging, spline, and universal kriging approaches. Our findings demonstrate the effective use of minimal amounts of small-scale data for the interpolation of habitat over large areas of a stream channel. Use of this method will provide time and cost savings in the assessment of large sections of rivers as well as functional maps to aid the habitat-based management of aquatic species.
Quantification of U.S. Marine Fisheries Subsidies
Authors: Sharp Renée , Sumaila U. Rashid 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Subsidies to the fishing industry are common worldwide, and it is well accepted that these subsidies contribute to overcapacity in fishing fleets and overexploitation of fisheries resources. To date, however, most of the quantitative estimates of these subsidies reported in the literature have been at either the multicountry or global level. Estimates are rarely based on a detailed accounting of individual subsidy programs, limiting both their accuracy and usefulness for management decisions. The present analysis helps fill this gap with respect to U.S. fisheries subsidies. Here, we report estimates of the different types of subsidies paid to the fishing sector by different levels of government in the USA. Our analysis shows that from 1996 to 2004, the U.S. fishing industry received a total of US$6.4 billion (1 billion = 109) in government subsidies (an average of $713 million per year), federal funds accounting for 79% of this total. This estimate is conservative because it does not include funding for fisheries management, port construction and maintenance, or subsidy program administration. Federal and state fuel subsidies (44% combined) and federal and state fisheries research (40% combined) accounted for the vast majority of fisheries subsidies. The next three largest subsidies were state sales tax subsidies (5%), disaster aid (4%), and fishing access payments (3%). Distribution was heavily weighted toward Alaska and the western Pacific and toward Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. and tunas (family Scombridae). Similar detailed examinations of fisheries subsidies in other countries will be necessary in the likely event that the World Trade Organization establishes rules prohibiting subsidies that contribute to overcapacity.
The Use of Hoop Nets Seeded with Mature Brook Trout to Capture Conspecifics
Authors: Lamansky James A. , Keeley Ernest R. , Young Michael K. , Meyer Kevin A. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
The brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, a native of eastern North America, is considered an invasive species in the western United States because it has been implicated in the decline of many native trout species there. Current methods for controlling brook trout are usually time-consuming and expensive and are sometimes harmful to nontarget species. We tested a passive method of control using hoop nets to capture fish during brook trout spawning in the fall. We seeded nets with four different combinations of brook trout (a single male, three males, a male–female pair, and a single female) as well as with no fish to determine whether hoop-net capture success was greater in nets seeded with conspecifics. Nets with a male–female pair captured 30% more brook trout than the next best treatment; the differences were significant, however, only in comparison with the catches resulting from the single- and multiple-male treatments. We also found that hoop nets captured five times as many mature male brook trout as mature females. Although we were unable to conclusively identify a treatment that increases hoop-net capture rates, hoop nets were successful in removing up to 34% of the estimated number of brook trout in the study stream, even though we did not attempt to maximize capture efficiencies. Hence, hoop netting may be helpful in reducing brook trout numbers if alternative methods of removal are undesirable.
Selection for Vulnerability to Angling in Largemouth Bass
Authors: Philipp David P. , Cooke Steven J. , Claussen Julie E. , Koppelman Jeffrey B. , Suski Cory D. , Burkett Dale P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractAlthough a great deal of effort has been expended to try to understand the consequences of fishing‐induced selection by commercial fisheries, relatively little effort has been put into trying to understand the selective effects of recreational angling. We conducted a long‐term selection experiment to assess the heritability of vulnerability to angling in largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides. Three successive generations of artificially selected largemouth bass were produced from a single experimental study population. Within each generation, individual adult largemouth bass were identified as having either high or low vulnerability to angling through a series of controlled catch‐and‐release angling trials. Individuals of each vulnerability group (high and low) were then selected from that population for breeding to produce the next generation. The response to selection for vulnerability to angling increased with each generation; that is, the magnitude of the difference between the high‐ and low‐vulnerability groups of fish increased with each successive generation. Realized heritability was calculated as 0.146 (r2 = 0.995), indicating that the vulnerability of largemouth bass to angling is indeed a heritable trait. Our results indicate that recreational angling has the potential to alter the gene pool of wild fish populations, which may indirectly affect population characteristics such as survival, growth rate, and reproductive output as well as directly affecting angling success rates.
Systematic Errors in Length Frequency Data and their Effect on Age‐Structured Stock Assessment Models and Management
Authors: Heery Eliza C. , Berkson Jim 
Published: February 2009

AbstractLength frequency data are a central component of many statistical age‐structured models, which are used widely to conduct fisheries stock assessments and produce estimates of stock status for management. However, these data can be biased due to systematic errors during the sampling process. This study examined how bias in length frequency data affected stock status estimates from an age‐structured assessment model and subsequent prescribed management actions. A simulation approach was used to test the effect of two different scenarios of bias on assessment results. Populations were simulated based on life history parameters for three different serranid species in the southeastern United States and followed a trajectory that increased and then decreased over time. From these simulated populations, fishery‐dependent length frequency data were generated and then altered to represent different types of systematic sampling error. Data that were biased towards larger fish had a considerable effect on the age‐structured assessment model, producing more‐optimistic estimates of stock status, which tended to support management actions that would not adequately protect stocks from overfishing. This may be particularly problematic for longer‐lived species and for stocks that have been depleted well below their original population size. Stock status estimates were much less affected by data that contained a higher frequency of small fish, although this type of biased length frequency information could support unnecessarily stringent management actions in the most extreme cases. The results of this study suggest that error and possible bias in length frequency data should be thoroughly considered when selecting an appropriate modeling approach for fisheries stock assessment.
Distribution of frogs in rice bays within an irrigated agricultural area: Links to pesticide usage and farm practices
Authors: Hyne Ross V. , Spolyarich Nick , Wilson Scott P. , Patra Ronald W. , Byrne Maria , Gordon Geoff , Sánchez-Bayo Francisco , Palmer Carolyn G. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
In the Coleambally irrigation area (NSW, Australia), the occurrence of four tadpole and frog species in rice bays on farms growing either rice only or both rice and corn was studied over two seasons. In addition to analysis of species occurrence, both gonadal histology and assessment of Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infection rates were performed. The rice acreage available as potential tadpole habitat was extensively distributed throughout the irrigation area, but more corn was grown in the northern region compared with the southern region. The mean abundance of Litoria raniformis tadpoles was significantly lower in the northern sites compared with the southern sites. In contrast, tadpoles of Limnodynastes fletcheri, Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, and Crinia parinsignifera had a uniform distribution across all study sites. A principal components analysis showed a relationship between farm type and the rice herbicide applied when the crops were initially sown, with sites occupied by Litoria raniformis in the beginning being predominantly rice-only farms. A discriminant analysis showed that low concentrations of the corn herbicide metolachlor and increased pH were the main variables studied that determined site occupation by L. raniformis. This suggested that farms growing only rice (and not corn) with high algal production were the preferred sites. The rates of chytrid infection and gonadal malformations were low across both regions. Histology of the gonads of metamorphs showed that L. raniformis gonadal differentiation is slow compared to that of the two Limnodynastes species. We concluded that farm practices associated with increased corn cropping in the northern region, rather than any direct effect of corn herbicides, determine the reduced presence of Litoria raniformis in the northern region.
Alteration of courtship behavior because of water acidification and minor effect of ammonium nitrate in the Iberian newt (Lissotriton boscai)
Authors: Ortiz-Santaliestra Manuel E. , Marco Adolfo , Fernández-Benéitez María J. , Lizana Miguel 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Although many studies have assessed the effects of water pollution on amphibians, few have focused on the alteration of vital behaviors. Newt species usually display complex courtship behavior that may be altered by sublethal levels of contaminants. We analyzed the effects of ammonium nitrate and water acidification on courtship behavior of the Iberian newt (Lissotriton boscai). We exposed newt couples to three treatments (control, nominal 90 mg N-NO3NH4/L, and nominal pH 4) and recorded the occurrence of each of the three courtship phases (orientation, static display, and spermatophore transfer) as well as the latency to initiate courtship, overall courtship time, male perseverance, and female responsiveness. Major effects were observed in the acid treatment. Low pH inhibited orientation. None of the control couples failed to court, whereas 17% of couples from the low-pH treatment did not perform any courtship movement. Latency to initiate courting was twice as high in couples exposed to acidification as in controls. Low pH also affected the overall time of courtship and perseverance time of males in unsuccessful encounters. Ammonium nitrate did not cause any significant effect. Only the female response index and the duration of the tail-fanning movement (the major display during L. boscai courtship) were slightly reduced by the fertilizer. We report a pollution-mediated alteration of courtship behavior, to our knowledge for the first time, in amphibians. This kind of sublethal effect should be considered when estimating potential impacts of water pollution on natural populations.
A simplified method for correcting contaminant concentrations in eggs for moisture loss
Authors: Heinz Gary H. , Stebbins Katherine R. , Klimstra Jon D. , Hoffman David J. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
We developed a simplified and highly accurate method for correcting contaminant concentrations in eggs for the moisture that is lost from an egg during incubation. To make the correction, one injects water into the air cell of the egg until overflowing. The amount of water injected corrects almost perfectly for the amount of water lost during incubation or when an egg is left in the nest and dehydrates and deteriorates over time. To validate the new method we weighed freshly laid chicken (Gallus gallus) eggs and then incubated sets of fertile and dead eggs for either 12 or 19 d. We then injected water into the air cells of these eggs and verified that the weights after water injection were almost identical to the weights of the eggs when they were fresh. The advantages of the new method are its speed, accuracy, and simplicity: It does not require the calculation of a correction factor that has to be applied to each contaminant residue.
Effective Partnerships with Regulatory Agencies Utilizing an Integrated Team Approach: The Yoho Project Experience
Authors: Simmons Shawn E. , Abdallah Tahir S. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
While working in different countries, ExxonMobil strives to work closely with governments, local people, and resources to ensure that regulatory compliance is achieved. Development project teams are seeking meaningful exchange and effective partnerships with the regulatory community. This paper examines Nigeria's Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) Resident Engineer program and ExxonMobil's goal to improve this relationship with an integrated team approach.
While a successful resident engineer program can not guarantee project execution, it can help achieve a synergy that maximizes project strategies towards the common goal of protecting people, environment and facilities. The Yoho Field Development Project found that through defined work goals and project objectives, the partnership with DPR was mutually beneficial and effective.
The execution of the overall project was strengthened by building a regulatory and environmental awareness throughout the project organization. This heightened awareness provided a sustainable, efficient, and reliable method of integrating regulatory and environmental considerations into the overall project completion plan.
Exploiting Transform-Domain Sparsity in Reservoir History Matching
Authors: Jafarpour Behnam , Goyal Vivek K. , McLaughlin Dennis B. , Freeman William T. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
A new approach is presented for estimating spatially-continuous reservoir properties from scattered well measurements by promoting sparsity in a transform domain representation of the unknown parameters. The discrete cosine transform (DCT) is used to compress the spatial parameters into a sparse set of coefficients that are identified and estimated using available observations. The intrinsic continuity in geological features such as fluvial channels lends itself to sparse representation using selected low frequency DCT basis elements. By recasting the inversion in the DCT domain, the problem is transformed into identification of significant basis elements and their corresponding coefficients. To find these significant coefficients, available measurements are combined with a sparsity-promoting penalty on the DCT coefficients. Specifically, minimization of a least-squares objective function augmented by the l1-norm of DCT coefficients identifies relevant DCT basis elements and favors spatial continuity in the solution. This regularization of the objective function with the l1-norm term leads to a better-posed inverse problem that is less likely to yield irrelevant non-unique solutions. The approach is related to basis pursuit and lasso, and it extends the compressed sensing paradigm in statistical signal processing to inverse modeling with dynamic observations. While the method appears to be generally applicable for estimating spatially-continuous parameters with sparse representation in a linear complementary basis such as DCT, its suitability is demonstrated in particular using synthetic examples in hydrocarbon reservoir characterization.
The Pains and Gains of Experimental Design and Response Surface Applications in Reservoir Simulation Studies
Authors: Amudo C. , Graf T. , Dandekar R. , Randle J. M. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
With the dearth of easy oil in the industry, the importance of consistency in quantifying uncertainties and assessing their impact on investment decisions have become very crucial in management decisions. This has seen the stocks of both experimental design and response surface techniques in the E&P industry rise significantly as an alternative to the more traditional uncertainty analysis.
Whilst there are papers describing experimental design workflows and the different methods of generating response surface models for reservoir simulation studies, there is also a growing need to share practical examples of the lessons learned in constructing experimental designs and using response surface models to interrogate the experimental design outcomes.
After extensively applying these concepts for over 18 months in identifying the major sub-surface uncertainties, explaining observed production performance and in prescribing additional development options for fifteen reservoirs situated in four different fields that are at different stages of maturation, it has been possible to capture many useful lessons. These lessons will both strengthen the benefits and ease the pains of applying these concepts in reservoir simulation studies.