bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Modeling and Data Analytics To Signal Change: Can We Avert a "Midlife Crisis"?
Authors: Durnie Will , Harrop Don 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
More often than not we have more data than we know what to do with. The availability of large amounts of data should enhance decision making but often has the opposite effect. The sheer amount of data, combined with the pressure to make smarter and faster decisions often overwhelms decision-makers. This holds true in the world of corrosion as much as any other field.
The cost of acquiring data and the risks of misinterpretation are significant. Any manipulation of data which can reveal aspects/patterns that are linked to corrosion will help to minimize risks and assessment of the condition of an operating system. Increased capability to manage risk has the potential to add significant value through optimization of effectiveness for monitoring, inspection and chemical deployment as well as timely identification and selection of equipment for repair/replacement.
Given the critical importance that estimation of corrosion rate has in determining risk of future failure and in the estimation of the time to repair/replacement, this paper outlines the concepts of alternative and complementary means of estimating this rate/condition using data analytical methods. In addition to consideration of local estimates of corrosion rate (i.e. spot ultrasonic data or in-line inspection data) the activity has involved processing a large set of rate estimates to search for predictive patterns based on attributes of the lines, process conditions, coupon/probe data, similarity of service conditions and use of inhibition chemicals.
The PTPN22 1858T Gene Variant in Type 1 Diabetes Is Associated With Reduced Residual β-Cell Function and Worse Metabolic Control
Authors: Petrone Antonio , Spoletini Marialuisa , Zampetti Simona , Capizzi Marco , Zavarella Sara , Osborn John , Pozzilli Paolo , Buzzetti Raffaella ,   for the Immunotherapy Diabetes (IMDIAB) Group
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—Evidence has been reported for a new susceptible locus for type 1 diabetes, the protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN22), which encodes a lymphoid-specific phosphatase. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of the C1858T variant of the PTPN22 gene on β-cell function as measured by C-peptide levels from time of disease diagnosis through 12 months follow-up in a prospective series of 120 consecutive type 1 diabetic subjects.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The C1858T polymorphism was genotyped using TaqMan. Fasting C-peptide, A1C, and insulin requirements were determined at diagnosis and every 3 months for 12 months; their change during follow-up was analyzed using the general linear model repeated-measures procedure.
RESULTS—Fasting C-peptide levels were significantly lower and A1C levels were significantly higher in subjects carrying the PTPN22 1858T variant than in subjects homozygous for C1858 from time of disease diagnosis through 12 months of intensive insulin therapy follow-up (P = 0.008 and P = 0.01, respectively). These findings were independent of age at onset, sex, and HLA risk groups. The trend in C-peptide and A1C levels in the 12-month period did not differ significantly between subjects with or without the 1858T variant. Insulin dose was similar in the 1858T carriers and noncarriers.
CONCLUSIONS—Type 1 diabetic subjects carrying the 1858T variant show significantly lower β-cell function and worse metabolic control at diagnosis and throughout the study period than subjects homozygous for C1858; these differences remain unchanged over the course of the first year after diagnosis.
A Community-Based Diabetes Prevention and Management Education Program in a Rural Village in India
Authors: Balagopal Padmini , Kamalamma N. , Patel Thakor G. , Misra Ranjita 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—In this study we evaluated a 7-month community-based nonpharmacological lifestyle intervention to prevent/reduce the risk of developing diabetes and its complications in a resource-poor village in Tamilnadu, India.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 703 village inhabitants, comprising adults and youth aged 10–92 years, were provided educational intervention using “trained trainers.” Culturally and linguistically appropriate health education messages addressed diet, physical activity, and knowledge improvement. The prevalence of diabetes and the effectiveness of the intervention were assessed using select parameters.
RESULTS—The crude prevalences of diabetes and pre-diabetes among adults were 5.1 and 13.5%, respectively, while the prevalence of pre-diabetes in youth aged 10–17 years was 5.1%. Intervention reduced fasting blood glucose levels of pre-diabetic adults by 11%, pre-diabetic youth by 17%, and type 2 diabetic adults by 25%. Improvements in obesity parameters and dietary intake also occurred. A stepwise worsening of parameters progressing from the normoglycemic state to the impaired levels of pre-diabetes and diabetes was observed.
CONCLUSIONS—This study has charted the increasing prevalence of diabetes and pre-diabetes in rural India. Educational intervention was successful in reducing some of the obesity parameters and improving dietary patterns of individuals with pre-diabetes and diabetes.
Incidence and Risk Factors for New-Onset Diabetes in HIV-Infected Patients
Authors: De Wit Stephane , Sabin Caroline A. , Weber Rainer , Worm Signe Westring , Reiss Peter , Cazanave Charles , El-Sadr Wafaa , Monforte Antonella d'Arminio , Fontas Eric , Law Matthew G. , Friis-Møller Nina , Phillips Andrew 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—The aims of this study were to determine the incidence of diabetes among HIV-infected patients in the Data Collection on Adverse Events of Anti-HIV Drugs (D:A:D) cohort, to identify demographic, HIV-related, and combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-related factors associated with the onset of diabetes, and to identify possible mechanisms for any relationships found.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—D:A:D is a prospective observational study of 33,389 HIV-infected patients; diabetes is a study end point. Poisson regression models were used to assess the relation between diabetes and exposure to cART after adjusting for known risk factors for diabetes, CD4 count, lipids, and lipodystrophy.
RESULTS—Over 130,151 person-years of follow-up (PYFU), diabetes was diagnosed in 744 patients (incidence rate of 5.72 per 1,000 PYFU [95% CI 5.31–6.13]). The incidence of diabetes increased with cumulative exposure to cART, an association that remained significant after adjustment for potential risk factors for diabetes. The strongest relationship with diabetes was exposure to stavudine; exposures to zidovudine and didanosine were also associated with an increased risk of diabetes. Time-updated measurements of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides were all associated with diabetes. Adjusting for each of these variables separately reduced the relationship between cART and diabetes slightly. Although lipodystrophy was significantly associated with diabetes, adjustment for this did not modify the relationship between cART and diabetes.
CONCLUSION—Stavudine and zidovudine are significantly associated with diabetes after adjustment for risk factors for diabetes and lipids. Adjustment for lipodystrophy did not modify the relationship, suggesting that the two thymidine analogs probably directly contribute to insulin resistance, potentially through mitochondrial toxicity.
Screening for Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Stahl Dorit , Sum Chee Fang , Lum Shin Si , Liow Pei Hsiang , Chan Yiong Huak , Verma Swapna , Chua Hong Choon , Chong Siow Ann 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—We determined the reliability and validity of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) against the DSM-IV–based diagnostic inventory, Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), in a multiethnic sample of adult subjects with diabetes attending a diabetes center in Singapore.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 522 subjects (74.7% Chinese, 11.1% Malay, and 14.2% Indian) completed culturally adapted versions of the CES-D; 291 subjects were administered the SCAN inventory.
RESULTS—The CES-D (cutoff score 16) showed high negative predictive values of more than 90% in all three ethnic groups. The prevalence of depressive symptoms (CES-D) and depression (SCAN) was significantly different between the Chinese and Indian subjects (CES-D 27.4 vs. 43.2%, P = 0.006); (SCAN 15.0 vs. 31.1%, P = 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS—The CES-D proved to be a reliable instrument for identifying patients with depressive symptoms in the multiethnic setting of this study.
Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin and Testosterone in Individuals With Childhood Diabetes
Authors: Danielson Kirstie K. , Drum Melinda L. , Lipton Rebecca B. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—Insulin downregulates hepatic production of sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG), which in turn influences sex hormone bioavailability. The effects of childhood-onset diabetes and insulin resistance in nondiabetic individuals on SHBG and testosterone in children and young adults are poorly understood.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Individuals with diabetes diagnosed at &lt;18 years of age (n = 48) and their siblings without diabetes (n = 47) were recruited for the Chicago Childhood Diabetes Registry Family Study. SHBG and total and free testosterone were measured. Participants ranged in age from 10 to 32 years; 39% were non-Hispanic white. The majority of individuals with diabetes had the classic type 1 phenotype (75%), while the remainder exhibited features of type 2 or mixed diabetes; 96% were treated with insulin.
RESULTS—SHBG and total testosterone were higher in male subjects with diabetes compared with those in male siblings. Elevated SHBG was associated with the absence of endogenous insulin independent of sex; elevated total testosterone was similarly associated with the absence of C-peptide for male subjects only. Diabetes type and treatment were unrelated. In those without diabetes, greater insulin resistance had a small, nonsignificant association with lower SHBG and higher free testosterone.
CONCLUSIONS—SHBG and total testosterone appear to be higher in male children and young adults with diabetes compared with nondiabetic male siblings, which is apparently related to the absence of endogenous insulin. This may have implications for sex hormone–dependent processes across the lifespan in male individuals diagnosed with diabetes as children.
Comparison of the Numerical and Clinical Accuracy of Four Continuous Glucose Monitors
Authors: Kovatchev Boris , Anderson Stacey , Heinemann Lutz , Clarke William 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to compare the numerical and clinical accuracy of four continuous glucose monitors (CGMs): Guardian, DexCom, Navigator, and Glucoday.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Accuracy data for the four CGMs were collected in two studies: Study 1 enrolled 14 adults with type 1 diabetes at the University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, Virginia; study 2 enrolled 20 adults with type 1 diabetes at the Profil Institute for Metabolic Research, Neuss, Germany. All participants underwent hyperinsulinemic clamps including 1.5–2 h of maintained euglycemia at 5.6 mmol/l followed by descent into hypoglycemia, sustained hypoglycemia at 2.5 mmol/l for 30 min, and recovery. Reference blood glucose sampling was performed every 5 min. The UVA study tested Guardian, DexCom, and Navigator simultaneously; the Profil study tested Glucoday.
RESULTS—Regarding numerical accuracy, during euglycemia, the mean absolute relative differences (MARDs) of Guardian, DexCom, Navigator, and Glucoday were 15.2, 21.2, 15.3, and 15.6%, respectively. During hypoglycemia, the MARDs were 16.1, 21.5, 10.3, and 17.5%, respectively. Regarding clinical accuracy, continuous glucose–error grid analysis (CG-EGA) revealed 98.9, 98.3, 98.6, and 95.5% zones A + B hits in euglycemia. During hypoglycemia, zones A + B hits were 84.4, 97.0, and 96.2% for Guardian, Navigator, and Glucoday, respectively. Because of frequent loss of sensitivity, there were insufficient hypoglycemic DexCom data to perform CG-EGA.
CONCLUSIONS—The numerical accuracy of Guardian, Navigator, and Glucoday was comparable, with an advantage to the Navigator in hypoglycemia; the numerical errors of the DexCom were ∼30% larger. The clinical accuracy of the four sensors was similar in euglycemia and was higher for the Navigator and Glucoday in hypoglycemia.
Long-Term Effects on Medical Costs of Improving Depression Outcomes in Patients With Depression and Diabetes
Authors: Katon Wayne J. , Russo Joan E. , Von Korff Michael , Lin Elizabeth H.B. , Ludman Evette , Ciechanowski Paul S. 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to examine the 5-year effects on total health care costs of the Pathways depression intervention program for patients with diabetes and comorbid depression compared with usual primary care.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The Pathways Study was conducted in nine primary care practices of a large HMO and enrolled 329 patients with diabetes and comorbid major depression. The current study analyzed the differences in long-term medical costs between intervention and usual care patients. Participants were randomly assigned to a nurse depression intervention (n = 164) or to usual primary care (n = 165). The intervention included education about depression, behavioral activation, and a choice of either starting with support of antidepressant medication treatment by the primary care doctor or problem-solving therapy in primary care. Interventions were provided for up to 12 months, and the main outcome measures are health costs over a 5-year period.
RESULTS—Patients in the intervention arm of the study had improved depression outcomes and trends for reduced 5-year mean total medical costs of −$3,907 (95% CI −$15,454 less to $7,640 more) compared with usual care patients. A sensitivity analysis found that these cost differences were largely explained by the patients with depression and the most severe medical comorbidity.
CONCLUSIONS—The Pathways depression collaborative care program improved depression outcomes compared with usual care with no evidence of greater long-term costs and with trends for reduced costs among the more severely medically ill patients with diabetes.
No Apparent Local Effect of Insulin on Microdialysis Continuous Glucose- Monitoring Measurements
Authors: Hermanides Jeroen , Wentholt Iris M. , Hart Augustinus A. , Hoekstra Joost B. , DeVries J. Hans 
Published: May 2008

OBJECTIVE—Data investigating the possible disturbing influence of insulin in the vicinity of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) is lacking. We investigated the hypothesis that high local insulin concentrations would interfere with sensor readings.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Two microdialysis sensors were inserted in the periumbilical region of 10 continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII)-treated type 1 patients. A test sensor was inserted as close as possible to the insulin catheter and compared with a control sensor. Glucose peak and nadir were induced. Horizontal and vertical shifts were assessed using curve fitting, and mean absolute difference (MAD) between paired blood and sensor values were calculated.
RESULTS—Curve fitting showed no significant differences between the two sensors. MAD ± SD was 8.50 ± 3.47% for the test sensor and 9.21 ± 3.17% for the control sensor, P = 0.72.
CONCLUSIONS—Microdialysis CGM can be accurately performed in the proximity of CSII systems.
Comparision of the effects of subtenon’s and subconjunctival anesthesia on retroorbital hemodynamics
Authors: Cakmak Hasan , Coskun Mehmet , Simavli Huseyin , Gumus Mehmet , Ipek Ali , Simsek Saban 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare retroorbital blood flow hemodynamics between subconjunctival and sub-Tenon’s anesthesia. This was a prospective, blinded study and included 80 cases. Patients were monitored and treated in the First Ophthalmology Clinic, Ataturk Training and Research Hospital, Turkey. Sub-Tenon’s anesthesia was performed in 42 cases, and subconjunctival anesthesia was performed in 38 cases. Color Doppler imaging to measure ocular blood flow parameters was performed preoperatively and 21 days after cataract operation in each case. Preoperative and postoperative values of resistivity and pulsatility indices in the ophthalmic, central retinal, and short posterior ciliary arteries were compared. Postoperative mean blood flow velocity measurements of ophthalmic artery were not statistically different between the subconjunctival anesthesia group and the sub-Tenon’s anesthesia group (49.63 ± 14.00 vs. 45.85 ± 13.41; P=0.389). Postoperative RI values were higher in the Subtenon’s anesthesia group than in the subconjunctival anesthesia group, but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (0.81 ± 0.14 vs. 0.74 ± 0.08; P=0.079). The postoperative pulsatility index of the ophthalmic artery, RI of ophthalmic artery, pulsatility index of the central retinal artery, RI of the central retinal artery, and pulsatility index of the posterior ciliary arteries were not significantly different between the subconjunctival and sub-Tenon’s anesthesia groups. In conclusion, the study suggests that postoperative retroorbital blood flow hemodynamics are the same following sub-Tenon’s and subconjunctival anesthesia.
Relational aggression and victimization in gay male relationships: the role of internalized homophobia
Authors: Kelley Thomas M. , Robertson Richard A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article presents two studies that are the first to examine relational aggression and relational victimization in gay male peer relationships. A qualitative pilot study provides a strong rationale for a subsequent empirical investigation of 100 young adult, self‐identified gay males. Results of both studies demonstrate that relational aggression and relational victimization are common experiences in gay male relationships. They also reveal forms of relational aggression and victimization that appear to be unique to gay males (e.g., outing). Results of the empirical study found significant relations between engaging in relational aggression against gay males and experiencing relational victimization and between experiencing relational victimization and internalized homophobia. However, there was no significant correlation between internalized homophobia and engaging in relational aggression. A multiple regression analysis found that experiencing relational victimization was correlated more strongly with the combination of engaging in relational aggression and internalized homophobia together than with relational aggression alone. Results are discussed within the framework of Allport's “traits due to victimization” theory and Meyer's theory of “minority stress.” Implications for the prevention of relational aggression/victimization in gay male relationships are offered. Aggr. Behav. 34:475–485, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Are the effects of Unreal violent video games pronounced when playing with a virtual reality system?
Authors: Arriaga Patrícia , Esteves Francisco , Carneiro Paula , Monteiro Maria Benedicta 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis study was conducted to analyze the short‐term effects of violent electronic games, played with or without a virtual reality (VR) device, on the instigation of aggressive behavior. Physiological arousal (heart rate (HR)), priming of aggressive thoughts, and state hostility were also measured to test their possible mediation on the relationship between playing the violent game (VG) and aggression. The participants—148 undergraduate students—were randomly assigned to four treatment conditions: two groups played a violent computer game (Unreal Tournament), and the other two a non‐violent game (Motocross Madness), half with a VR device and the remaining participants on the computer screen. In order to assess the game effects the following instruments were used: a BIOPAC System MP100 to measure HR, an Emotional Stroop task to analyze the priming of aggressive and fear thoughts, a self‐report State Hostility Scale to measure hostility, and a competitive reaction‐time task to assess aggressive behavior. The main results indicated that the violent computer game had effects on state hostility and aggression. Although no significant mediation effect could be detected, regression analyses showed an indirect effect of state hostility between playing a VG and aggression. Aggr. Behav. 34:521–538, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The tryptophan hydroxylase‐1 A218C polymorphism is associated with diagnosis, but not suicidal behavior, in borderline personality disorder
Authors: Wilson Scott T. , Stanley Barbara , Brent David A. , Oquendo Maria A. , Huang Yung‐yu , Mann J. John 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhile there is some preliminary evidence that the tryptophan hydroxylase I (TPH1) polymorphisms are related to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD), it is not clear if this association is due to the high rates of suicidal behavior in this patient group. Because of the reported association between TPH1 polymorphisms and suicidal behavior, determining whether TPH1 is related to BPD independent of suicidal behavior is of particular importance. One hundred patients diagnosed with BPD and 101 healthy controls were genotyped for TPH1 intron 7 A218C polymorphism and assessed for impulsiveness and hostility. The BPD patient group had a higher frequency of A allele carriers (AA/AC genotypes) than the control group (χ2 = 6.12, df = 1, P = 0.01), and differed by genotype frequencies (P = 0.03). Suicide attempter status in the patient group was not related to genotype. Logistic regression analysis controlling for age and gender predicted BPD diagnosis from TPH1 allele group (AA/AC vs. CC, P = 0.03), and TPH1 heterozygotes (AC) appeared to have the highest risk for BPD (P = 0.03). In the full sample, participants with the AC genotype had higher impulsiveness and hostility scores. However, TPH1 did not predict these traits in either of the groups independently, suggesting the association may be an artifact of the association between TPH1 and BPD. Results suggest that the A allele of the tryptophan hydroxylase‐1 A218 polymorphism may be associated with BPD, and that it does not appear to be related to suicidal behavior in this population. An aspect of BPD pathology may be due to serotonergic dysfunction. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.