bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CHSH Bell tests for optical hybrid entanglement
Authors: Moradi Morteza , Camilo López Carreño Juan , Buraczewski Adam , McDermott Thomas , Elisabeth Asenbeck Beate , Laurat Julien , Stobińska Magdalena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Optical hybrid entanglement can be created between two qubits, one encoded in a single photon and another one in coherent states with opposite phases. It opens the path to a variety of quantum technologies, such as heterogeneous quantum networks, merging continuous- and discrete-variable encoding, and enabling the transport and interconversion of information. However, reliable characterization of the non-local nature of this quantum state is limited so far to full quantum state tomography. Here, we perform a thorough study of Clauser–Horne–Shimony–Holt Bell inequality tests, enabling practical verification of quantum nonlocality for optical hybrid entanglement. We show that a practical violation of this inequality is possible with simple photon number on/off measurements if detection efficiencies stay above 82%. Another approach, based on photon-number parity measurements, requires 94% efficiency but works well in the limit of higher photon populations. Both tests use no postselection of the measurement outcomes and they are free of the fair-sampling hypothesis. Our proposal paves the way to performing loophole-free tests using feasible experimental tasks such as coherent state interference and photon counting.
Perfect chirality constructed by position-dependent backscattering in a whispering gallery mode microresonator
Authors: Ma Xin-Yue , Li Ming , Zhang Yan-Lei , Xu Xin-Biao , Tang Lei , Yan Cong-Hua 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Unidirectional propagation of photons originated from perfect chirality meets the critical requirement for building a high-performance quantum network. However, it not only requires that the circular dipole emitter is precisely located at points of circularly polarized electric fields, which leads to non-reciprocal interactions for photons with opposite propagation directions, but also the light-emitter interaction strength should be strong enough to guarantee a π phase shift. Unfortunately, these perfect chirality points are scarce and accessible points with elliptically polarized fields result in non-ideal photon-emitter chiral interactions and emitters radiating photons bidirectionally. Meanwhile, reflection properties, phase shifts, and non-reciprocal interactions are sensitive to frequency detunings and dissipations. Here, without engineering the dipole and optimizing the distribution of the field, a scatter such as a nanotip placed at the evanescent field of a whispering gallery mode resonator (WGMR) is adopted to control the transporting properties of single photons under non-ideal chiral interactions. By properly adjusting the relative position between the nanotip and the atom or the overlap between the nanotip and the mode volume of the WGMR, amplitudes of reflected photons in different pathways are changed. Consequently, complete destructive interference appears and thus no photons are reflected. The corresponding phase shifts of π and non-reciprocal interactions are guaranteed simultaneously. Significantly, the perfect chirality reconstructed here is robust against frequency detunings and dissipations. Therefore, the atom-WGMR-nanotip structure can be regarded as a compound chiral atom with radiating photons in only one direction.
SAR dynamical mechanism affected by diminishing marginal effect based on personal fashion psychology on multi-layer contacted network
Authors: Ren Yuemei , Li Lei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
People in complex systems exhibit varying capacities for social interaction because of differences in personal psychology, educational attainment, and social class. It is true that people often use different social networks and show different enthusiasm for obtaining information, but their interest in collecting information will decrease over time. Our study on Personal Fashion Psychology (PFP) has shown that when people get information, they behave in a way known as the Diminishing Marginal Effect (DME-PFP behavior). Next, we created a SAR propagation dynamics model on a multi-layer contact network to represent DME-PFP behavior using a threshold function. Then, to assess and uncover the transmission mechanism of individual behaviour, we use partition theory. A boundary phenomena is displayed by the propagation mode, as demonstrated by both theoretical analysis and simulated tests. The final size can exhibit either discontinuous first-order phase transitions or continuous second-order phase changes in individual DME-PFP behaviour. Meanwhile, through the unit transmission probability changed, the ideal DME-PFP parameters occur at the largest final adoption size. Moreover, the promotion of the propagation pattern and behaviour from continuous second-order to discontinuous first-order is facilitated by interpersonal contact. The numerical analysis and the actual models may eventually agree.
Harmonic oscillator with a step and its isospectral properties
Authors: Nasuda Yuta , Sawado Nobuyuki 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
We investigate the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation for a harmonic oscillator with a finite jump a at the origin. The solution is constructed by employing the ordinary matching-of-wavefunctions technique. For the special choices of a, a = 4ℓ (ℓ = 1, 2, …), the wavefunctions can be expressed by the Hermite polynomials. Moreover, we explore isospectral deformations of the potential via the Darboux transformation. In this context, infinitely many isospectral Hamiltonians to the ordinary harmonic oscillator are obtained.
Efficient light propagation algorithm using quantum computers
Authors: Cholsuk Chanaprom , Davani Siavash , Conlon Lorcán O , Vogl Tobias , Eilenberger Falk 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Quantum algorithms can potentially overcome the boundary of computationally hard problems. One of the cornerstones in modern optics is the beam propagation algorithm, facilitating the calculation of how waves with a particular dispersion relation propagate in time and space. This algorithm solves the wave propagation equation by Fourier transformation, multiplication with a transfer function, and subsequent back transformation. This transfer function is determined from the respective dispersion relation, which can often be expanded as a polynomial. In the case of paraxial wave propagation in free space or picosecond pulse propagation, this expansion can be truncated after the quadratic term. The classical solution to the wave propagation requires

O
(
NlogN
)

computation steps, where N is the number of points into which the wave function is discretized. Here, we show that the propagation can be performed as a quantum algorithm with

O

logN

2

single-controlled phase gates, indicating exponentially reduced computational complexity. We herein demonstrate this quantum beam propagation method (QBPM) and perform such propagation in both one- and two-dimensional systems for the double-slit experiment and Gaussian beam propagation. We highlight the importance of the selection of suitable observables to retain the quantum advantage in the face of the statistical nature of the quantum measurement process, which leads to sampling errors that do not exist in classical solutions.
Biomass residues purification: elimination of oxygen from oxolane and its monomethylated derivatives through hydrodeoxygenation process
Authors: Koudjina Simplice , Kosar Naveen , Kpotin Gaston A , Thomas Affi Sopi , Mahmood Tariq , Atohoun Guy Y S 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The persistent global demand of fossil fuels has spurred significant interest in the invention of new renewable energy sources to replace finite, non-renewable fossil fuels. Among these sustainable energy options, biomass stands out as a promising candidate as environment friendly alternative fuel. However, the organic compounds found in biomass contain a high oxygen content, leading to several undesirable characteristics in biofuels, including low energy density, less stability, high viscosity, and corrosion. Consequently, researchers have devised various upgrading techniques, with a particular emphasis on the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) process, to enhance the quality of biofuel. In this report, we investigated the treatment of Oxolane, 2-Methyloxolane and 3-Methyloxolane via adsorption and catalytic hydrogenolysis (HDL) processes. These processes aim to remove the oxygen heteroatom from these compounds, ultimately achieving the desired purity levels. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we employed the B3LYP/6–31G(d) and LanL2DZ/6–31G(d) methods of DFT for reaction without or with catalysts. The hydrogenolysis, in the presence and absence of a catalyst is carried at a temperature and pressure of 523 K and 40 bar, respectively. We meticulously analyzed the variations in geometries, thermodynamic and kinetic properties to gain insights into the whole processes. For each molecule, the sequence involves ring opening of C–O bond, followed by the elimination of a water molecule. The first hydrogenolysis step yields an alcohol as a reaction intermediate, while the second hydrogenolysis step results in the formation of an alkane. Geometric parameters showed the increased reactivity of Oxolane and its derivatives in the presence of tungsten disulphide (WS2) catalyst. Chemical potential indicates the charge transfer occurred in all, and the highest charge transfer is observed in Oxolane in the presence of tungsten disulphide (WS2) catalyst.
3D chaotic mixing application for polymer production
Authors: Yagmur Dogucan , Kutlu Mustafa 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Industrial mixing processes have garnered significant attention over the past decade due to the critical role that efficient and rapid mixing plays in the production of innovative materials. The methodology employed in mixing fundamentally influences the physical and chemical attributes of the resultant mixture. As such, various mixing techniques have been developed, aiming to produce polymers with tailored properties for specific applications, including tissue engineering, artificial muscles, and soft robotics. In this study, the mixing process of RTV 2710 silicone rubber and Catalyst CX catalyst was conducted using the Halvorsen, Newton-Leipnik, Hadley, and Sprott A. systems. Numerical values were derived by solving chaotic differential equations associated with each system. The speed of the DC motor driving the mixing propeller was modulated chaotically to optimize mixing efficiency. To enhance energy efficiency, energy consumption was monitored, revealing that the Hadley-2 signal was the most energy-efficient among the chaotic signals tested. Samples were prepared using SCARA(Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm) to trace trajectories for all chaotic systems, followed by tensile tests to evaluate their mechanical properties. The Sprott A. chaotic system yielded the highest average force and tensile strength. Furthermore, samples were produced with constant position and varying velocities—specifically Hadley 2 and Sprott A. position combined with Hadley 2 velocity—and subjected to tensile tests. The results demonstrated that the combination of Sprott A. position and Hadley 2 velocity produced samples with superior average force and tensile strength.
The skewness of the distance-redshift relation in ΛCDM
Authors: Schiavone T. , Di Dio E. , Fanizza G. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Starting from a recently proposed framework for the evaluation of the cosmological averages, we evaluate the higher-order moments for the distribution of a given observable. Then, we explicitly discuss the case of the Hubble-Lemaître diagram and evaluate its skewness at the leading order in the cosmological perturbative expansion of the gravitational potential. In particular, we focus on perturbations of the luminosity distance due to gravitational lensing. Finally, we discuss our findings in view of recent numerical relativistic simulations, confirming that the skewness in the Hubble-Lemaître diagram primarily originates from the late-time matter bispectrum, with other line-of-sight projection effects being sub-dominant.
Safety, tolerability and blinding efficiency of non-invasive deep transcranial temporal interference stimulation: first experience from more than 250 sessions
Authors: Vassiliadis Pierre , Stiennon Emma , Windel Fabienne , Wessel Maximilian J , Beanato Elena , Hummel Friedhelm C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective. Selective neuromodulation of deep brain regions has for a long time only been possible through invasive approaches, because of the steep depth-focality trade-off of conventional non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques. Approach. An approach that has recently emerged for deep NIBS in humans is transcranial Temporal Interference Stimulation (tTIS). However, a crucial aspect for its potential wide use is to ensure that it is tolerable, compatible with efficient blinding and safe. Main results. Here, we show the favorable tolerability and safety profiles and the robust blinding efficiency of deep tTIS targeting the striatum or hippocampus by leveraging a large dataset (119 participants, 257 sessions), including young and older adults and patients with traumatic brain injury. tTIS-evoked sensations were generally rated as ‘mild’, were equivalent in active and placebo tTIS conditions and did not enable participants to discern stimulation type. Significance. Overall, tTIS emerges as a promising tool for deep NIBS for robust double-blind, placebo-controlled designs.
Flow past a heated slippery corner
Authors: D’Alessio Serge 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Discussed in this paper is the unsteady, laminar, two-dimensional, viscous flow around a corner subject to Navier-slip conditions characterized by a slip length, γ, with 0 ≤ γ ≤ 1. Comparisons with no-slip (γ = 0) boundary conditions are made to assess the impact of a slippery surface. Both isothermal and heated flows are considered including forced and mixed convection. A numerical solution procedure utilizing boundary-layer coordinates is outlined. Numerous simulations have been compiled for the Reynolds number Re = 100 and Rayleigh numbers Ra = 0, 1, 10. Various results and comparisons are presented and discussed.
Deep learning-based segmentation of breast masses using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Anghelache Nastase I-N , Moldovanu S , Moraru L 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Automatic breast tumor segmentation based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is significant for the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancers. CNNs have become an important method for early diagnosis of breast cancer and, thus, can help decrease the mortality rate. In order to assist medical professionals in breast cancer investigation a computerized system based on two encoder-decoder architectures for breast tumor segmentation has been developed. Two pre-trained DeepLabV3+ and U-Net models are proposed. The encoder generates a high-dimensional feature vector while the decoder analyses the low-resolution feature vector provided by the encoder and generates a semantic segmentation mask. Semantic segmentation based on deep learning techniques can overcome the limitations of traditional algorithms. To assess the efficiency of breast ultrasound image segmentation, we compare the segmentation results provided by CNNs against the Local Graph Cut technique (a semi-automatic segmentation method) in the Image Segmenter application. The output segmentation results have been evaluated by using the Dice similarity coefficient that compares the ground truth images provided by the specialists against the predicted segmentation results provided by the CNNs and Local Graph Cut algorithm. The proposed approach is validated on 780 breast ultrasonographic images of the BUSI public database of which 437 are benign and 210 are malignant. The BUSI database provides classification (benign or malignant) labels for ground truth in binary mask images. The average Dice scores computed between the ground truth images against CNNs were as follows: 0.9360 (malignant) and 0.9325 (benign) for the DeepLabV3+ architecture and of 0.6251 (malignant) and 0.6252 (benign) for the U-Net, respectively. When the segmentation results provided by CNNs were compared with the Local Graph Cut segmented images, the Dice scores were 0.9377 (malignant) and 0.9204 (benign) for DeepLabV3+ architecture and 0.6115 (malignant) and 0.6119 (benign) for U-Net, respectively. The results show that the DeepLabV3+ has significantly better segmentation performance and outperforms the U-Net network.
Molecular simulations of doxorubicin complexed with native and modified cyclodextrins in water
Authors: Mikaelian Georgios , Megariotis Grigorios , Theodorou Doros N 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this study, all-atom molecular dynamics simulations have been performed to investigate from a nanoscopic point of view the interactions in supramolecular complexes formed between doxorubicin and cyclodextrins in an aqueous phase at a temperature of 310 K. All the simulations are on the time scales of microseconds and are carried out on High Performance Computing resources provided by the Greek Supercomputer ARIS. Doxorubicin, which is a well-known anticancer drug belonging to the class of anthracyclines, is simulated with two cyclodextrins of broad utilization in drug delivery, i.e.: γ-cyclodextrin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin. In both cases, the complexation process takes place spontaneously during the course of the simulations and a detailed analysis of the formed complexes is conducted in terms of structural, dynamical and thermodynamic properties. In addition, we present a quantitative analysis of how doxorubicin affects, upon complexation, the geometry, the hydrogen bonding network and the hydration of the selected cyclodextrins. Special attention is paid to the thermodynamic description of the simulated systems. More specifically, the standard binding free energy is calculated with an extended version of the linear interaction energy method. The presented in silico approach reveals that doxorubicin forms stable complexes with the chosen cyclodextrin molecules, there is a water solubility enhancement of the drug with respect to its unbound state and also cyclodextrins act protectively to the drug preventing undesired effects, such as the glycosidic degradation. Excellent agreement is found between the presented results and published in silico and experimental findings.
Stability of dynamic fluid transport simulations
Authors: Anvari Mehrnaz , Baldin Anton , Clees Tanja , Klaassen Bernhard , Nikitin Igor , Nikitina Lialia , Pott Sabine 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Pipeline transport is an efficient method for transporting fluids in energy supply and other technical applications. While natural gas is the classical example, the transport of hydrogen is becoming more and more important; both are transmitted under high pressure in a gaseous state. Also relevant is the transport of carbon dioxide, captured in the places of formation, transferred under high pressure in a liquid or supercritical state and pumped into underground reservoirs for storage. The transport of other fluids is also required in technical applications. Meanwhile, the transport equations for different fluids are essentially the same, and the simulation can be performed using the same methods. In this paper, the effect of control elements such as compressors, regulators and flaptraps on the stability of fluid transport simulations is studied. It is shown that modeling of these elements can lead to instabilities, both in stationary and dynamic simulations. Special regularization methods were developed to overcome these problems. Their functionality also for dynamic simulations is demonstrated for a number of numerical experiments.
The influence of inlet flow asymmetry on the carotid bifurcation hemodynamics
Authors: Borisov V G , Zakharov Yu N , Derbilova V P , Vinogradov R A , Ivanova N V 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Arterial bifurcations are known to be high-risk areas for the initiation of atherosclerosis. The appearance and growth of atherosclerotic plaques in the bifurcation of the carotid artery can result in severe consequences such as cerebrovascular accidents. The common signs of an atherogenic risk center around the surpassing critical values by certain hemodynamic indices, which are distributed over the artery wall. These indices are related to the effect of blood flow on the arterial wall, and their distribution is influenced by both the bifurcation’s geometric shape and the flow structure at its inlet. The objective of this study is to carry out a comparative analysis of hemodynamic indices in personal-specific models of carotid bifurcation with centrally symmetric and asymmetric input flows. The examined geometric models of bifurcation are based on computed angiography data obtained from the individuals free of apparent pathology. By using computational fluid dynamics within these models, the distribution of hemodynamic indices in a steady periodic flow is calculated and critical zones are determined for them. All the models are divided into two groups – those with symmetric and those with asymmetric input flows. For each model with asymmetric input flow, an alternative geometry is designed to ensure inlet flow symmetry, and comparative numerical calculations of the blood flow are carried out. The results of comparative analysis reveal that the distribution of hemodynamic indices is simpler for the group with symmetric input flow. A comparison of the averages between these two groups with symmetrical and natural asymmetric input flows indicates a 55% better result for the latter group. Furthermore, for almost all models with asymmetric input flow, their alternative models give worse hemodynamic results. Thus, hemodynamic indices in simpler models with symmetrical input flow can serve as an upper estimate for indices in models with natural asymmetric flow. A total of 89 models are included in the study.
Modeling of Regional Economic Growth in the Conditions of Simulation of Scientific and Technical Revolution (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan)
Authors: Elshin L A , Gafarov M R , Dinmukhametova A A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The issues of the structural organization of productive factors that trigger and intensify the economic dynamics of the regions are quite well worked out in the scientific community today. Without going into a detailed review of derivative approaches that offer modifications to the models discussed above, it must be unequivocally stated that the basic factors of economic dynamics included in the neoclassical production functions are labor, fixed capital, and scientific and technological progress (STP). At the same time, it is important to take into account that when taking into account and including in the models of production functions of scientific and technical progress, it is often understood as the potential for the creation and diffusion of innovations in the economic environment. In this work, scientific and technical progress is understood as a set of human, financial, infrastructural and institutional resources that determine the overall innovative capabilities of the region and the level of its effectiveness in the field of science and technology to solve problems in the field of ensuring the qualitative and structural parameters of economic growth and development, increasing competitiveness in the meso -, macro and global level. Relying on this approach to the definition, as well as on the methodological tools for measuring STP proposed by the authors, the study attempts to construct a Solu production function. Based on the results of the assessments, the relevant parameters of the influence of productive factors on the GRP dynamics were established (on the example of the Republic of Tatarstan), and patterns were identified that prove the priority of scientific and technological progress in shaping the prospects for economic dynamics in the conditions of the fourth industrial revolution.