bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anticipatory Control of Grasping: Independence of Sensorimotor Memories for Kinematics and Kinetics
Authors: Lukos Jamie R. , Ansuini Caterina , Santello Marco 
Published: November 2008

We have recently provided evidence for anticipatory grasp control mechanisms in the kinematic domain by showing that subjects modulate digit placement on an object based on its center of mass (CM) when it can be anticipated (Lukos et al., 2007). This behavior relied on sensorimotor memories about digit contact points and forces required for optimal manipulation. We found that accurate sensorimotor memories depended on the acquisition of implicit knowledge about object properties associated with repeated manipulations of the same object.Whereas implicit knowledge of object properties is essential for anticipatory grasp control, the extent to which subjects can use explicit knowledge to accurately scale digit forces in an anticipatory manner is controversial. Additionally, it is not known whether subjects are able to use explicit knowledge of object properties for anticipatory control of contact points. We addressed this question by asking subjects to grasp and lift an object while providing explicit knowledge of object CM location as visual or verbal cues. Contact point modulation and object roll, a measure of anticipatory force control, were assessed using blocked and random CM presentations. We found that explicit knowledge of object CM enabled subjects to modulate contact points. In contrast, subjects could not minimize object roll in the random condition to the same extent as in the blocked when provided with a verbal or visual cue. These findings point to a dissociation in the effect of explicit knowledge of object properties on grasp kinematics versus kinetics, thus suggesting independent anticipatory processes for grasping.
The Games Children Play
Authors: Padak Nancy , Rasinski Timothy 
Published: November 2008

The games that children play are not just for fun‐they often lead to important skill development. Likewise, word games are fun opportunities for parents and children to spend time together and for children to learn a lot about sounds and words.In this Family Involvement column, the authors describe 12 easy‐to‐implement word games that parents and their children can play. The descriptions are ready for you to duplicate and share with parents. The column concludes with a brief discussion of the research‐based benefits of word games.إن الألعاب التي يلعبها الأولاد ليست لتسلية فحسب بل تؤدي عادة إلى تنمية مهارات مهمة. وكذلك الألعاب الكلامية التي توفر فرصاً مثيرة للوالدين والأولاد للقضاء وقتاً سوياً وليتعلم الأولاد الكثير بشأن الأصوات والكلمات.في عمود مشاركة العائلة هذا يصف المؤلفون اثنتي عشرة لعبة سهلة التنفيذ يستطيع أن يلعبها الوالدان وأولادهما معاً والصفات قابلة لك أن تقلّدها وتشرحها للوالدين. إذ ينتهي العمود بنقاش موجز بصدد فوائد الألعاب الكلامية المبنية على الأبحاث العلمية.小孩子所玩的游戏并不只是为了作乐而已游戏往往可以促进小孩子在重要技巧方面的发展。同样地，单字游戏不但是父母与子女一起作乐的机会，更可以让小孩子学习许多有关单字的语音。在这个《家庭参与》的专栏中，作者描述十二个既容易进行又适合父母与子女一起玩的单字游戏。每个游戏都有现成的说明书，让教师复印和派发给家长使用。本专栏最后简略讨论有关单字游戏研究所得的好处以作总结。Les jeux auxquels jouent les enfants ne sont pas seulement pour le plaisir — ils permettent souvent un important développement d'habiletés. De la même façon, les jeux avec des mots sont d'agréables occasions pour les parents et les enfants de passer du temps ensemble, et pour les enfants d'apprendre beaucoup de choses sur les sons et les mots.Dans cette rubrique sur l'Implication familiale, les auteurs décrivent 12 jeux avec des mots auxquels les parents et les enfants peuvent jouer. Ces descriptions peuvent être reproduites pour être partagées avec des parents. La rubrique se termine par une rapide discussion des bénéfices qu'apportent, selon la recherche, les jeux avec les mots.Дети играют в игры не только для забавы: одновременно идет становление многих важных навыков. Точно так же, любые игры в слова – замечательная возможность для родителей и детей весело и с толком провести вместе время. Одновременно дети узнают много нового о звуках и словах.В этом выпуске колонки Семья помогает школе авторы описывают 12 простых игр в слова, интересных для детей и родителей. Описания игр легко размножить, чтобы их можно было раздать родителям. В конце публикации приводятся научно обоснованные доводы в пользу подобных игр.Los juegos de los niños no sólo entretienen sino que muchas veces ayudan a desarrollar destrezas importantes. De la misma manera, juegos de palabras crean la oportunidad para que los padres y sus hijos estén juntos y para que los niños aprendan mucho sobre los sonidos y las palabras.En esta columna de Participación de la Familia, los autores describen 12 juegos de palabras que son fáciles de implementar y que los padres y sus hijos pueden jugar. Las descripciones están hechas para ser duplicadas y compartidas con los padres. La columna termina con una discusión breve de los beneficios de los juegos de palabras descubiertos por la investigación.
Assessing the New Literacies of Online Reading Comprehension: An Informative Interview With W. Ian O'Byrne, Lisa Zawilinski, J. Greg McVerry, and Donald J. Leu at the University of Connecticut
Authors: Mokhtari Kouider , Kymes Angel , Edwards Patricia 
Published: November 2008

The constantly changing nature of literacy, brought about by the Internet and other forms of information and communication technologies (ICTs), has pressed researchers and practitioners to seek new ways of addressing the complexities of reading comprehension and writing on and with the Internet. In this brief interview, members of the New Literacies Research Lab share valuable insights on the assessment of the new literacies of online reading comprehension.قد ضغطت طبيعة معرفة القراءة والكتابة الدائمة التغير الناتجة عن الشبكة العالمية وأنواع أخرى من تقنيات المعلومات والمواصلات على الباحثين والممارسين للبحث عن طرق جديدة لتتناول تعقيدات استيعاب القراءة والكتابة على الشبكة العالمية. وفي هذه المقابلة الموجزة يشارك أعضاء مختبر أبحاث معارف القراءة والكتابة الجديدة نفاذ بصيرتهم القيم بصدد تقييم المعارف الجديدة في استيعاب القراءة على الشبكة العالمية.由于互联网及其他资讯通讯科技的不同读写形式对读写能力的本质所带来的不断变化，教育研究员和教育从业员不得不寻找新的方法，以应付在互联网上的写作和用互联网写作的复杂性，及阅读理解这些写作的复杂性。在这个简短的访谈中，「新读写能力研究实验室」的几位成员分享他们对线上阅读理解的新读写能力评估的一些宝贵见解。La nature en changement constant de la littératie, portée par Internet et d'autres formes des technologies de l'information et de la communication (ICTs), a poussé les chercheurs et les praticiens à chercher de nouveaux moyens pour affronter les complexités de la compréhension de la lecture et de l'écriture sur et avec Internet. Dans ce bref entretien, des membres du Laboratoire de recherche sur les nouvelles littératies mettent en commun des idées intéressantes concernant l'évaluation des nouvelles littératies de la compréhension en ligne de la lecture.Благодаря Интернету и другим информационным и коммуникационным технологиям смысл, который мы вкладываем в понятие грамотность, постоянно меняется. Это вынуждает исследователей и практиков искать новые пути для преодоления сложностей при восприятии прочитанного и при письме – теперь уже для пользователей Интернета. В этом кратком интервью сотрудники Лаборатории исследования новых видов грамотности делятся с читателями важными соображениями, связанными с оцениванием навыков, необходимых для понимания прочитанного в сети.La naturaleza constantemente cambiante de las competencias, producida por el Internet y otras tecnologías de información y comunicación (ICTs por sus siglas en inglés), ha obligado a investigadores y practicantes a buscar nuevas maneras de enfrentar las complejidades de la comprensión de lectura y la escritura en y con el Internet. En esta entrevista breve, miembros del Laboratorio de Investigación de Nuevas Competencias comparten sus ideas sobre el evaluación de estas nuevas competencias de la comprensión de lectura en la red.
Peripheral Sensory Neuropathy Associates With Micro- or Macroangiopathy
Authors: Kärvestedt Lars , Mårtensson Eva , Grill Valdemar , Elofsson Stig , von Wendt Gunvor , Hamsten Anders , Brismar Kerstin 
Published: November 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess associations between peripheral sensory neuropathy (PSN) and other diabetes-related complications.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHOD—In an area-based cohort of type 2 diabetic subjects, we investigated 156 subjects (age 61.7 ± 7.2 years and diabetes duration 7.0 ± 5.7 years) by questionnaires, clinical examinations, blood and urine sampling, and review of medical records.
RESULTS—Prevalence of PSN, assessed by monofilament and neurothesiometer testing, increased with severity of retinopathy (50% frequency in moderate and 100% in severe or proliferative retinopathy; P = 0.02). Vibration perception threshold was higher in subjects with retinopathy (25.6 ± 8.9 vs. 20.5 ± 8.9 V; P = 0.007). PSN was more common in subjects with overt nephropathy, with higher vibration perception thresholds, than in subjects without overt nephropathy. Subjects with PSN but no retinopathy had twice the prevalence of peripheral vascular disease (PVD) (52%) as subjects with both PSN and retinopathy (19%; P = 0.05). In subjects with PSN alone, PVD was three times more likely (52%) than in subjects without PSN (16%; P = 0.001). In multivariate analysis, PSN was independently associated with PVD (odds ratio 2.31; P = 0.007), age (1.12; P = 0.008), male sex (2.01; P = 0.02), and HDL cholesterol (0.21; P &lt; 0.05) and tended to be independently associated with IGF-1 binding protein (1.03; P = 0.05) but not with diabetes duration or A1C.
CONCLUSIONS—In a representative population of type 2 diabetes, PSN is related to microvascular and macrovascular pathology. PSN is possibly affected by the IGF axis.
Management of hypertensive emergencies in acute brain disease: evaluation of the treatment effects of intravenous nicardipine on cerebral oxygenation
Authors: Narotam Pradeep K. , Puri Varun , Roberts John M. , Taylon Charles , Vora Yashail , Nathoo Narendra 
Published: November 2008

Object
Inappropriate sudden blood pressure (BP) reductions may adversely affect cerebral perfusion. This study explores the effect of nicardipine on regional brain tissue O2 (PbtO2) during treatment of acute hypertensive emergencies.

Methods
A prospective case–control study was performed in 30 patients with neurological conditions and clinically elevated BP. All patients had a parenchymal PbtO2 and intracranial pressure bolt inserted following resuscitation. Using a critical care guide, PbtO2 was optimized. Intravenous nicardipine (5–15 mg/hour) was titrated to systolic BP < 160 mm Hg, diastolic BP < 90 mm Hg, mean arterial BP (MABP) 90–110 mm Hg, and PbtO2 > 20 mm Hg. Physiological parameters—intracranial pressure, PbtO2, central venous pressure, systolic BP, diastolic BP, MABP, fraction of inspired O2, and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP)—were compared before infusion, at 4 hours, and at 8 hours using a t-test.

Results
Sixty episodes of hypertension were reported in 30 patients (traumatic brain injury in 13 patients; aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in 11; intracerebral and intraventricular hemorrhage in 3 and 1, respectively; arteriovenous malformation in 1; and hypoxic brain injury in 1). Nicardipine was effective in 87% of the patients (with intravenous β blockers in 4 patients), with a 19.7% reduction in mean 4-hour MABP (115.3 ± 13.1 mm Hg preinfusion vs 92.9 ± 11.40 mm Hg after 4 hours of therapy, p < 0.001). No deleterious effect on mean PbtO2 was recorded (26.74 ± 15.42 mm Hg preinfusion vs 27.68 ± 12.51 mm Hg after 4 hours of therapy, p = 0.883) despite significant reduction in CPP. Less dependence on normobaric hyperoxia was achieved at 8 hours (0.72 ± 0.289 mm Hg preinfusion vs 0.626 ± 0.286 mm Hg after 8 hours of therapy, p < 0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that 12 patients had low pretreatment PbtO2 (10.30 ± 6.49 mm Hg), with higher CPP (p < 0.001) requiring hyperoxia (p = 0.02). In this group, intravenous nicardipine resulted in an 83% improvement in 4- and 8-hour PbtO2 levels (18.1 ± 11.33 and 19.59 ± 23.68 mm Hg, respectively; p < 0.01) despite significant reductions in both mean MABP (120.6 ± 16.65 vs 95.8 ± 8.3 mm Hg, p < 0.001) and CPP (105.00 ± 20.7 vs 81.2 ± 15.4 mm Hg, p < 0.001).

Conclusions
Intravenous nicardipine is effective for the treatment of hypertensive neurological emergencies and has no adverse effect on PbtO2.
Modulation of the secondary injury process after spinal cord injury in Bach1-deficient mice by heme oxygenase–1
Authors: Yamada Kiyotaka , Tanaka Nobuhiro , Nakanishi Kazuyoshi , Kamei Naosuke , Ishikawa Masakazu , Mizuno Toshiyuki , Igarashi Kazuhiro , Ochi Mitsuo 
Published: November 2008

Object
Oxidative stress contributes to secondary injury after spinal cord injury (SCI). The expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which protects cells from various insults including oxidative stress, is upregulated in injured spinal cords. Mice deficient in Bach1 (Bach1−/−), a transcriptional repressor of the HO-1 and beta-globin genes, express high levels of HO-1 mRNA and protein in various organs. The authors hypothesized that HO-1 modulates the secondary injury process after SCI in Bach1−/− mice.

Methods
Male C57BL/6 (wild-type) and homozygous Bach1−/− C57BL/6 mice were subjected to moderate SCI, and differences in hindlimb motor function, and electrophysiological, molecular biological, and histopathological changes were assessed for 2 weeks.

Results
Functional recovery was greater, and motor evoked potentials were significantly larger in Bach1−/− mice than in wild-type mice throughout the observation period. The expression of HO-1 mRNA in the spinal cord was significantly increased in both mice until 3 days after injury, and it was significantly higher in Bach1−/− mice than in wild-type mice at every assessment point. Histological examination using Luxol fast blue staining at 1 day after injury showed that the injured areas were smaller in Bach1−/− mice than in wild-type mice. The HO-1 immunoreactivity was not detected in uninjured spinal cord, but 3 days postinjury the number of HO-1–immunoreactive cells was obviously higher in the injured area in both mice, particularly in Bach1−/− mice. The HO-1 was primarily induced in microglia/macrophage in both mice.

Conclusions
These results suggest that HO-1 modulates the secondary injury process, and high HO-1 expression may preserve spinal cord function in the early stages after SCI in Bach1−/− mice. Treatment that induces HO-1 expression at these early stages may preserve the functional outcome after SCI.
Time–frequency higher‐order spectra with adjustment to the instantaneous frequency variation
Authors: Gelman L. , Petrunin I. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNovel time–frequency techniques are proposed: the short time instantaneous higher‐order spectra (HOS) with adjustment to measured or knowna prioritime variation of the instantaneous frequency of transient signals. It is shown that the proposed transforms are more effective than the non‐instantaneous HOS (i.e. without adjustment to time variation of the instantaneous frequency) in recognizing a non‐stationary nonlinearity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
American college of rheumatology quality indicators for rheumatoid arthritis: Benchmarking, variability, and opportunities to improve quality of care using the electronic health record
Authors: Adhikesavan Leena G. , Newman Eric D. , Diehl Mark P. , Wood G. Craig , Bili Androniki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo measure how rheumatologists across our health system performed with the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) quality indicators (QIs) for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and methotrexate (MTX) drug safety, and to develop opportunities for improvement.MethodsAn electronic health record (EHR) review of 1,062 unique RA patients seen by 15 rheumatologists in a 1‐year period was performed. Percentage of each QI met, reasons why the metric was not met, and performance of rheumatologists based on years of experience were evaluated.ResultsThe percentage met was high for QI‐2 (RA disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug use; 94%), QI‐3 (intervention if RA worse; 85%), and QI‐4 (MTX risks discussion; 87%). Percentage met was lower for QI‐1 (RA core data set; 69%), QI‐5 (MTX baseline studies; 41%), and QI‐6 (MTX followup studies; 46%). QI‐1 and QI‐5 were low due to most physicians missing a single test, and QI‐6 was low because of few physicians driving the percentage down. Better QI performance was seen in rheumatologists with ≤10 years versus >10 years of experience for QI‐1 (90% versus 64%; odds ratio [OR] 4.21, P = 0.004) and QI‐3 (96% versus 82%; OR 4.47, P = 0.019). EHR chart review for this population required 179.3 hours.ConclusionMeasurement allows us to better understand the quality of care that we deliver. In this systematic benchmarking of the ACR QIs in a large RA cohort, performance was excellent in RA treatment–related QIs. Significant variability was noted in RA and MTX monitoring measures, which can be addressed using process redesign techniques.
Changes in outcome measures for impairment, activity limitation, and participation restriction over two years in osteoarthritis of the lower extremities
Authors: Botha‐Scheepers Stella , Watt Iain , Rosendaal Frits R. , Breedveld Ferdinand C. , Hellio le Graverand Marie‐Pierre , Kloppenburg Margreet 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo describe changes in outcome measures in patients with knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA) over 2 years according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, and to evaluate the sensitivity to change of available outcome instruments.MethodsA total of 115 symptomatic knee or hip OA patients (mean age 60.0 years, 80% women) were followed for 2 years. Standardized knee and hip radiographs were scored for joint space narrowing (JSN) using the Osteoarthritis Research Society International Atlas. Pain intensity in knees and hips was graded during physical examination. Self‐reported pain and functioning were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC). Social functioning was assessed with social functioning scores of the RAND 36‐item Health Survey. Standardized response means (SRMs) were calculated to evaluate sensitivity to change.ResultsSubstantial increases in JSN and pain intensity total scores over 2 years were observed (SRMs 0.43 and 0.41, respectively). Twenty‐three percent of patients had an increase of at least 1 point in JSN total scores. An increase in pain intensity total scores was present in 46% of patients, whereas a decrease was observed in 19.1.% of patients. WOMAC pain and function scores showed small increases (SRMs 0.15 and 0.18, respectively). No change was seen in social functioning scores (SRM 0.01).ConclusionObjective instruments measuring impairment in body structures and function are more sensitive to change over 2 years in patients with OA than self‐reported measurements of impairment in body function, activity limitation, and participation restriction. These findings encourage development of new instruments to improve measurement of disease outcome in OA.
Magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasonography, and conventional radiography in the assessment of bone erosions in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Authors: Malattia Clara , Damasio Maria Beatrice , Magnaguagno Francesca , Pistorio Angela , Valle Maura , Martinoli Carlo , Viola Stefania , Buoncompagni Antonella , Loy Anna , Ravelli Angelo , Tomà Paolo , Martini Alberto 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), conventional radiography, and ultrasonography in identifying bone erosions in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to determine the validity and reliability of an MRI scale in detecting and grading joint damage.MethodsIn 26 JIA patients, the clinically more affected wrist was studied with MRI, radiography, and ultrasonography, coupled with standard clinical assessment and biochemical analysis. MR images were assessed independently by 2 readers according to an apposite devised scoring system.ResultsOf 26 patients, 25 (96.1%) had 1 or more erosions as detected by MRI, whereas conventional radiography and ultrasonography revealed erosions in 13 (50%) of 26 and 12 (50%) of 24 patients, respectively. The ability of MRI to detect erosive changes was significantly higher with respect to conventional radiography (P= 0.002 with Bonferroni correction [PB]) and ultrasonography (PB= 0.0002) in the group of patients with <3 years' disease duration. Ultrasonography and conventional radiography were of equivalent value for the detection of destructive changes. Wrist MRI score correlated highly with radiographic erosion score (rs= 0.82) and with wrist limited range of motion score (rs= 0.69). The interreader intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) for MRI score was excellent (0.97); intrareader ICCs were good for both investigators (0.97 and 0.79).ConclusionMRI seems to be a powerful tool to detect early structural damage in JIA. The proposed MRI scale for bone erosions appears promising in terms of reliability and construct validity. The pathophysiologic meaning and the prognostic value of bone erosions revealed only by MRI remain to be established in longitudinal studies.
Oxidative stress: Role of mitochondria and protection by glutathione
Authors: Fernández‐Checa J. C. , García‐Ruiz C. , Colell A. , Morales A. , Marí M. , Miranda M. , Ardite E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIncreasing evidence has unraveled a dual functional role of mitochondria as suppliers of the energy required for cell viability, and critical players in the pathway leading to cell death. Consequence of their physiological role in the oxidative phosphorylation is the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of the consumption of molecular oxygen in the electron transport chain. Superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide produced during aerobic respiration are precursors of hydroxyl radical by the participation of transition metals. Glutathione (GSH) in mitochondria is the only defense available to metabolize hydrogen peroxide. A small fraction of the total cellular pool of GSH is sequestered in mitochondria by the action of a carrier that transports GSH from cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix. Recent evidence position mitochondria as subcellular targets of cytokines leading to overproduction of ROS induced by ceramide, a lipid intermediate of cytokine action. Chronic ethanol‐fed cells are selectively depleted of GSH in mitochondria due to a defective operation of the carrier responsible for the transport of GSH from cytosol into the mitochondrial matrix. Its limitation sensitizes alcoholic hepatocytes to the prooxidant effects of cytokines and prooxidants generated by the oxidative metabolism of ethanol. One of the mechanisms leading to the onset of selective defect in the mitochondrial transport of GSH induced by chronic ethanol exposure is mediated by decreased fluidity of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Its fluidization by SAM treatment normalizes the steady state levels of GSH in mitochondria contributing to withstand the oxidative stress derived by the oxidative metabolism of ethanol.