bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enhanced sympathetic control of renal function in rats congenic for the hypertension‐related region on chromosome 1
Authors: Wang Tao , Kobayashi Yuta , Nabika Toru , Takabatake Toshikazu 
Published: January 2006

Summary1. Recent studies suggest that a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for blood pressure (BP) on rat chromosome 1 is associated with exaggerated sympathetic nervous activity. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this QTL can affect BP by altering sympathetic control of renal function.2. Male stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats of Izumo origin (SHRSP/Izm), Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKY/Izm) and rats from a WKY/Izm congenic strain that contains an SHRSP/Izm chromosomal segment between D1Wox29 and D1Arb21 (WKYpch1.0) were used. Clearance and micropuncture experiments were performed in anaesthetized rats after acute unilateral renal denervation (DN).3. Mean BP in sham‐operated WKYpch1.0 was significantly higher than that in WKY/Izm. The DN procedure elicited a greater reduction in renal noradrenaline levels in SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0 than in WKY/Izm.4. In both SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0, DN decreased renal vascular resistance and filtration fraction, whereas it increased renal blood flow and urinary and fractional excretion of sodium. Unilateral renal denervation did not affect these parameters in WKY/Izm.5. Unilateral renal denervation decreased the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) responsiveness only in SHRSP/Izm, whereas it increased the non‐perfused early proximal flow rate in SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0.6. The results of the present study indicate that the renal sympathetic nervous system exerts enhanced tonic control of the renal vasculature and tubular function in SHRSP/Izm and WKYpch1.0, but not in WKY/Izm. Neural impact on the TGF response in WKYpch1.0 is indiscernible. Thus, a gene or genes in the QTL may influence BP, at least in part, through renal vasoconstriction and sodium retention mediated by the enhanced activity of the renal sympathetic nerves.
Increased responsiveness to 5‐hydroxytryptamine after antigenic challenge is inhibited by nifedipine and niflumic acid in rat trachea in vitro*
Authors: Moura Carlos Tiago Martins , Bezerra Fernanda Carvalho , De Moraes Isabelle Maciel , Magalhães Pedro Jorge Caldas , Capaz Francisco Ruy 
Published: January 2006

Summary1. Antigenic challenge often induces hyperreactivity in asthmatic airway, although the precise mechanism(s) underlying this increased responsiveness is not entirely known.2. Tracheae obtained from ovalbumin (OVA)‐sensitized saline‐ or OVA‐challenged rats were placed in 10 mL bath chambers for isometric recording of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT)‐induced contractions.3. 5‐Hydroxytryptamine induced a stronger contraction compared with control in antigen‐challenged trachea under normal or Ca2+‐free conditions.4. In tracheae pretreated with the L‐type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine (10−6 mol/L) or the Ca2+‐activated Cl– channel blocker niflumic acid (10−4 mol/L), this hyperresponsiveness was not developed in either normal or Ca2+‐free medium.5. The increased contractile response to 5‐HT in allergic rat isolated trachea may be related to a greater ionic (Ca2+ and Cl–) channel involvement.
The biomechanics of restricted movement in adult obesity
Authors: Wearing S. C. , Hennig E. M. , Byrne N. M. , Steele J. R. , Hills A. P. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryIn spite of significant advances in the knowledge and understanding of the multi‐factorial nature of obesity, many questions regarding the specific consequences of the disease remain unanswered. In particular, there is a relative dearth of information pertaining to the functional limitations imposed by overweight and obesity. The limited number of studies to date have mainly focused on the effect of obesity on the temporospatial characteristics of walking, plantar foot pressures, muscular strength and, to a lesser extent, postural balance. Collectively, these studies have implied that the functional limitations imposed by the additional loading of the locomotor system in obesity result in aberrant mechanics and the potential for musculoskeletal injury. Despite the greater prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in the obese, there has been surprisingly little empirical investigation pertaining to the biomechanics of activities of daily living or into the mechanical and neuromuscular factors that may predispose the obese to injury. A better appreciation of the implications of increased levels of body adiposity on the movement capabilities of the obese would afford a greater opportunity to provide meaningful support in preventing, treating and managing the condition and its sequelae. Moreover, there is an urgent need to establish the physical consequences of continued repetitive loading of major structures of the body, particularly of the lower limbs in the obese, during the diverse range of activities of daily living.
Poverty and the extent of child obesity in Canada, Norway and the United States
Authors: Phipps S. A. , Burton P. S. , Osberg L. S. , Lethbridge L. N. 
Published: January 2006

SummaryThe goal of this paper is to compare the extent of child obesity in Canada, Norway and the United States. As child poverty is an important correlate of child obesity, we wish to examine the potential role of international differences in child poverty in explaining international differences in the extent of child obesity. We use three representative microdata surveys containing parental reports of child height and weight collected in the mid‐1990s in Canada, Norway and the US. We calculate both the prevalence and proportional severity of child obesity for 6–11‐year‐old children in each country, and represent the ‘extent’ of obesity diagrammatically. Differences in patterns of child poverty are similarly depicted. Obesity extent is also compared for poor and non‐poor children in Canada and the US. Finally, child obesity in the three countries is compared using only non‐poor children where we find that the extent of child obesity is much lower in Norway than in Canada or the US. The pattern apparent for obesity is remarkably similar to that found for child poverty. In Canada and especially in the US, we find a much greater extent of obesity for poor than non‐poor children. However, when we compare only non‐poor children in the three countries, although the magnitude of difference is smaller, it remains clear that Norwegian children are much less likely to be obese. Policy and research directed towards reducing the extent of child obesity in both Canada and the US should pay particular attention to issues of child poverty.
A New Parametric Family for Modelling Cumulative Incidence Functions: Application to Breast Cancer Data
Authors: Jeong Jong-Hyeon 
Published: January 2006

SummaryCompeting risks situations can be encountered in many research areas such as medicine, social science and engineering. The main stream of analyses of those competing risks data has been nonparametric or semiparametric in the statistical literature. We propose a new parametric family to parameterize the cumulative incidence function completely. The new distribution is sufficiently flexible to fit various shapes of hazard patterns in survival data and increases the efficiency of the cumulative incidence estimates over the distribution-free approaches. A simple two-sample parametric test statistic is also proposed to compare the cumulative incidence functions between two groups at a given time point. The new parametric approach is illustrated by using breast cancer data sets from the National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project.
Characterization of highly polymorphic nuclear microsatellite loci in Juniperus communis L.
Authors: MICHALCZYK I. M. , SEBASTIANI F. , BUONAMICI A. , CREMER E. , MENGEL C. , ZIEGENHAGEN B. , VENDRAMIN G. G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe developed five nuclear microsatellite markers in Juniperus communis L. using an enriched library method. Samples from 28 juniper individuals were collected in Spain, Germany and Slovakia and were analysed at the five loci. A high level of allelic diversity with values ranging from nine to 23 alleles was found. These highly polymorphic markers will be used in ongoing population genetic studies to evaluate the genetic resources and to contribute to the maintenance of genetic diversity of juniper in Middle Europe.
CO1 phylogenies in diploblasts and the ‘Barcoding of Life’— are we sequencing a suboptimal partition?
Authors: ERPENBECK D. , HOOPER J. N. A. , WÖRHEIDE G. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPartitions of the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (CO1) gene, especially the 5′ end, are frequently recruited to infer lower level phylogenies in animals. In diploblasts, mitochondrial genes were found to evolve in a slower rate than their bilaterian counterparts. Therefore, diploblast CO1 gene trees repeatedly remained unresolved, which also raises doubts on the suitability of CO1 for DNA barcoding in these animals. The complete mitochondrial genome sequences from Anthozoa and recently from Porifera allow us to compare the resolution power of the 5′ partition, which has also been proposed as the standard marker for DNA barcoding, with a less frequently used partition further downstream. We report on the finding of significantly different substitution patterns of the downstream partition opposed to the 5′ partition. We discuss the consequences and potential in the light of diploblast phylogenetic reconstruction and DNA barcoding.
Transient Aquagenic Palmar Hyperwrinkling: The First Instance Reported in a Young Boy
Authors: Neri Iria , Bianchi Federica , Patrizi Annalisa 
Published: January 2006

Abstract:  Transient reactive papulotranslucent acrokeratoderma is a rare palmoplantar keratoderma seen predominantly in adolescent and young adult women. Clinically it is characterized by translucent white papules generally involving the palmar surfaces after exposure to water. The typical “hands‐in‐the‐bucket” sign, which is not clearly visible until the hand is submerged in water, is indispensable for the diagnosis. Histologic examination shows a mild orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis and dilated eccrine ducts. We propose the term “transient aquagenic palmar hyperwrinkling” to describe this condition. Until now, a total of 12 patients have been reported in the literature, all female, with an age of onset from 9 to 33 years. We present the first reported instance of this condition in a young boy.
Differences in the Features of Aspiration Pneumonia According to Site of Acquisition: Community or Continuing Care Facility
Authors: Reza Shariatzadeh M. , Huang Jane Q. , Marrie Thomas J. 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of aspiration pneumonia and to compare the features and risk factors for this entity in patients from continuing care facilities (CCFs) and the community who were admitted to the hospital with pneumonia.DESIGN: Prospective population‐based study.SETTING: Six hospitals in Capital Health Region (Edmonton), Alberta, Canada.PARTICIPANTS: One thousand nine hundred forty‐six adults admitted with pneumonia. Patients were stratified by their residence as community or CCF.MEASUREMENTS: Aspiration pneumonia prevalence; risk factors; and outcomes such as mortality, length of stay, and intensive care unit admission rates.RESULTS: Ten percent of those with community‐acquired pneumonia (CAP) had aspirated, compared with 30% of those with CCF‐acquired pneumonia. Those with community‐acquired aspiration pneumonia (CAAP) and those with CCF‐acquired aspiration pneumonia (CCF‐AP) were younger, more likely to go to ICU, and more likely to require mechanical ventilation and had a longer length of stay and a higher mortality rate than nonaspirators. The risk factors for aspiration differed; for those with CAAP, impaired consciousness due to alcohol, drugs, or hepatic failure predominated, whereas 72% of those with CCF‐AP had neurological disease that resulted in dysphagia. Eighty percent were treated with antibiotics effective against anaerobic bacteria.CONCLUSION: Aspiration pneumonia is common in patients with both CAP and CCF‐acquired pneumonia. The risk factors differ, and there is a high mortality rate. Neurological disease dominates as the predisposing factor toward aspiration pneumonia in people in CCFs.
Is a Dual‐Sensor Pacemaker Appropriate in Patients with Sino‐Atrial Disease? Results from the DUSISLOG Study
Authors: PADELETTI LUIGI , PIERAGNOLI PAOLO , DI BIASE LUIGI , COLELLA ANDREA , LANDOLINA MAURIZIO , MORO EUGENIO , ORAZI SERAFINO , VICENTINI ALFREDO , MAGLIA GIAMPIERO , PENSABENE ORAZIO , RACITI GIOVANNI , BAROLD S. SERGE 
Published: January 2006

Background: Rate‐responsive pacemakers (PMs) are often supplied with accelerometer (XL) and minute ventilation (MV) sensors to provide a physiologic rate response according to patient needs. No information is available about the real benefit of dual‐sensor rate‐responsive pacing on the daily life of patients.
Methods: DUSISLOG (Dual Sensor vs Single Sensor comparison using patient activity LOGbook) is a two‐arm prospective, randomized, multicenter study that enrolled 105 patients who received a rate‐responsive PM (Insignia
®, Guidant Corp.). After 1 month of DDD pacing at 60 ppm lower rate, a single sensor (XL or MV, randomized) was activated for 3 months at the manufacturer's suggested nominal settings, followed by a 3‐month period with dual sensors optimized with automatic response. During the last month of each period, the following data concerning patient physical activity were retrieved from PM diagnostics (Activity Log): mean percentage of physical activity, mean intensity of activity. Quality of life (QoL) scores and 6‐minute walk test (WT) were also recorded.
Results: Single‐sensor rate‐responsive pacing resulted in symptomatic benefit equally with XL and MV sensors while no additional benefit was found using dual sensor. In a subgroup analysis, patients (17%) with marked chronotropic incompetence and with 0% atrial sensing received benefits from single sensor with an additional advantage from sensor (QoL: +21 ± 14% P < 0.05; WT: +17 ± 7% P < 0.02).
Conclusion: In most patients with rate‐responsive devices, a single sensor is sufficient to achieve a satisfactory rate response. A dual sensor combination and optimization provides an additional benefit only in a selected population with an advanced atrial chronotropic disease.
Skin surface topography grading is a valid measure of skin photoaging
Authors: Battistutta Diana , Pandeya Nirmala , Strutton Geoffrey M. , Fourtanier Anny , Tison Sylvie , Green Adèle C. 
Published: January 2006

Background: The technique of grading the surface topography of sun‐exposed skin using silicone impressions of the skin surface is a simple, non‐invasive method for measuring skin damage because of sun exposure, but it has never been validated in a community setting.Objective: To investigate the repeatability and validity of using standardly‐graded skin impressions as a means of assessing skin photoaging.Patients/Methods: A random sample of 195 adults aged 18–79 years and living in Nambour, Australia (latitude, 26° South) had a silicone impression taken of the back of the left hand and a 2 mm punch biopsy of the skin at the same site. Silicone impressions were graded twice independently and histological photoaging was determined by two pathologists.Results: Grading of silicone impressions of skin surface topography was highly repeatable (weighted κ>0.8). Compared with those with low skin impression grades (least degeneration), people with high grades were three times more likely to show a high degree of dermal elastosis on skin histology (odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval 1.6, 5.7) after adjusting for age, sex, skin colour, tanning ability, occupational exposure, smoking and height‐adjusted weight. Other photoaging changes in the stratum corneum and dermis were also strongly correlated with high grades of damage on skin impressions.Conclusion: Grading silicone impressions of skin surface topography is a highly reliable and a valid measure of photoaging and enables prediction of dermal elastosis in a population setting.
A Standard Protocol for Liana Censuses1
Authors: Gerwing Jeffrey J. , Schnitzer Stefan A. , Burnham Robyn J. , Bongers Frans , Chave Jérôme , DeWalt Saara J. , Ewango Corneille E. N. , Foster Robin , Kenfack David , Martínez‐Ramos Miguel , Parren Marc , Parthasarathy N. , Pérez‐Salicrup Diego R. , Putz Francis E. , Thomas Duncan W. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTA recent increase in published studies of lianas has been paralleled by a proliferation of protocols for censusing lianas. This article seeks to increase uniformity in liana inventories by providing specific recommendations for the determination of which taxa to include, the location of diameter measurement points on individual stems, the setting of minimum stem diameter cutoffs, the treatment of multiple‐stemmed and rooted clonal groups, and the measurement of noncylindrical stems. Use of more uniform liana censusing protocols may facilitate comparison of independently collected data sets and further our understanding of global patterns in liana abundance, diversity, biomass, and dynamics.
Standard Chemotherapy Compared With High-Dose Chemoradiotherapy for Multiple Myeloma: Final Results of Phase III US Intergroup Trial S9321
Authors: Barlogie Bart , Kyle Robert A. , Anderson Kenneth C. , Greipp Philip R. , Lazarus Hillard M. , Hurd David D. , McCoy Jason , Moore Dennis F. , Dakhil Shaker R. , Lanier Keith S. , Chapman Robert A. , Cromer Jeana N. , Salmon Sydney E. , Durie Brian , Crowley John C. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose Results of a prospective randomized trial conducted by the Intergroupe Francais du Myélome (IFM 90) indicated that autologous hematopoietic cell–supported high-dose therapy (HDT) effected higher complete response rates and extended progression-free survial (PFS) and overall survival (OS) compared with standard-dose therapies (SDT) for patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Patients and Methods In 1993, three North American cooperative groups launched a prospective randomized trial (S9321) comparing HDT (melphalan [MEL] 140 mg/m2 plus total-body irradiation 12 Gy) with SDT using the vincristine, carmustine, MEL, cyclophosphamide, and prednisone regimen. Responders on both arms (≥ 75%) were randomly assigned to interferon (IFN) or no maintenance treatment. Results With a median follow-up time of 76 months, no differences were observed in response rates between the two study arms (HDT, n = 261 patients; SDT, n = 255 patients). Similarly, PFS and OS durations did not differ between the HDT and SDT arms, with 7-year estimates of PFS of 17% and 16%, respectively, and OS of 37% and 42%, respectively. Of 242 patients achieving at least 75% tumor reduction, no difference was observed in PFS or OS among the 121 patients randomly assigned to IFN and the 121 patients randomly assigned to no maintenance therapy. Among 157 patients relapsing on SDT, 87 received a salvage autotransplantation; their median survival time of 30 months was only slightly better than the survival time of the remaining patients who were managed with further SDT (23 months; P = .13). Conclusion The HDT and SDT regimens used in S9321 yielded comparable response rates and PFS and OS durations. IFN maintenance therapy did not benefit patients who achieved ≥ 75% tumor reduction on either arm.
Imageless navigation for insertion of the acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Kalteis T. , Handel M. , Bäthis H. , Perlick L. , Tingart M. , Grifka J. 
Published: January 2006

In a prospective randomised clinical study acetabular components were implanted either freehand (n = 30) or using CT-based (n = 30) or imageless navigation (n = 30). The position of the component was determined post-operatively on CT scans of the pelvis. Following conventional freehand placement of the acetabular component, only 14 of the 30 were within the safe zone as defined by Lewinnek et al (40° inclination sd 10°; 15° anteversion sd 10°). After computer-assisted navigation 25 of 30 acetabular components (CT-based) and 28 of 30 components (imageless) were positioned within this limit (overall p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between CT-based and imageless navigation (p = 0.23); both showed a significant reduction in variation of the position of the acetabular component compared with conventional freehand arthroplasty (p < 0.001). The duration of the operation was increased by eight minutes with imageless and by 17 minutes with CT-based navigation. Imageless navigation proved as reliable as that using CT in positioning the acetabular component.
Solution-based routes to transition-metal oxide one-dimensional nanostructures
Authors: Wang Xun , Li Yadong 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures have drawn continuous research attention because of their unique electrical, optical, and magnetic properties different from that of bulk and nanoparticles, as well as their potential applications in mesoscopic research and nanodevices. The main challenge in this area is how to precisely control the sizes, dimensionalities, compositions, and crystal structures in nanoscale, which may serve as a powerful tool for the tailoring of physical/chemical properties of materials in a controllable way. Here, we review the advances in the solution-based routes to prepare 1D nanostructures. Particularly, three systems of MnO2, rare-earth compounds, and silicates have been chosen to show the synthetic strategy under hydrothermal conditions. As the main theme, a rolling mechanism has been given special attention to present a relative general understanding of the growth of various transition-metal oxide (TMO) 1D nanostructures under solution conditions.
2nd IUPAC Symposium on Trace Elements in Food: An introduction
Authors: Berg Torsten 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
The 2nd IUPAC Symposium on Trace Elements in Food (TEF-2) presented contributions within a wide range of issues, from trace element bioavailability, toxicological and nutritional aspects of trace elements, to trace elements in fortified foods and in food supplements, discussed from both a speciation and a legislation point of view.
Selenium in agriculture, food, and nutrition
Authors: Sager M. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract
In the case of Se, the concentration range between essentiality and toxicity for terrestric animals and humans is rather narrow, while aquatic organisms are much less affected, and no essentiality to green plants and aquatic macrophytes has been established yet. This review focuses on the situation in Europe, where Se levels are generally low. Apart from industrial and mining activities, the main Se sources are the burning of coal and selenite additions to animal feedstuffs. Reduction processes in sediments, soils, and feedstuffs to yield elemental Se act as sinks for available Se forms. In soils and crops, Se levels get enhanced from recycling of manure, dung, and sewage sludge, which is beneficial for Europe. New data from Austria have been added to the detailed discussions. In human nutrition, Se is supplied via pork, liver and kidneys, seafood, and cereals, but main sources as well as blood Se levels vary between different countries and nutritional habits. Food processing, like boiling, baking, or grilling, results in Se losses.