bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fixation of cancellous bone and physeal fractures with biodegradable rods of self‐reinforced polylactic acid
Authors: Räihä J. E. , Axelson P. , Skutnabb K. , Rokkanen P. , Törmälä P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe frequent need for removal of metallic implants after fracture healing, has stimulated research into biodegradable osteosynthesis materials. The ideal biodegradable implant should support the fracture during healing and would slowly lose strength as the bone became able to resist the distracting forces. Decades of research into biodegradable materials has given much information on biocompatibility, degradation rates and processability of resorbable polyglycolides and polylactides. This has aided the development of an ultra high strength self‐reinforcing composite construction allowing the manufacture of implants for several purposes. This study tested the use of self‐reinforced poly‐1‐lactic acid rods for the fixation of cancellous fractures and osteotomies in 20 fixations in dogs and cats. The operating technique, callus formation, healing pattern, and functional and radiological end result, were evaluated. Two fixations failed but the functional end result was judged to be excellent in all but one of the healed cases. There was no need for surgery to remove the implants.
Clinical, radiological and bacteriological findings in canine periodontitis
Authors: Sarkiala E. , Asikainen S. , Wolf J. , Kanervo A. , Happonen I. , Jousimies‐Somer H. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiological features and bacterial flora were studied in 16 small dogs with periodontitis. Gingival retraction, bleeding and alveolar bone loss were the most typical findings, whereas deep periodontal pockets were infrequently found. Periodontitis was frequently localised to certain regions of the dentition, most often in premolars or incisors. However, the deepest periodontal pockets were found in canine teeth. The mean pocket depth was 2·0 ± 0·4 mm (mean ± SD). The mean percentage of the sites with a pocket depth of more than 3 mm was 10·5 per cent. The mean occurrence of gingival bleeding after probing was 22·7 ± 12·7 per cent and the mean percentage of furcation lesions in multirooted teeth per dog was 46·0 ± 23·5 per cent. Tooth mobility was seen in 26·7 ± 13·3 per cent of the teeth. In each case subgingival plaque samples were taken for microbiological examination from two teeth with periodontitis and one healthy tooth. There was a clear difference between the diseased and healthy pockets in the detection frequency of the following Gram‐negative anaerobes: pigmented, non‐pigmented slime producing and fusiform rods. The counts of Gram‐negative pigmented, other non‐pigmented and fusiform rods as well as Gram‐positive cocci were clearly higher in the diseased pockets. Pigmented Gram‐negative rods (mainly asaccharolytic, Porphyromonas‐like species) were the most common finding in both diseased and healthy pockets.
Chronic upper airway obstruction caused by laryngeal adenocarcinoma in a cat
Authors: Willoughby K. , Kelly D. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn eight‐year‐old spayed female cat developed upper respiratory obstruction, abnormal vocalisation and anorexia over a period of a few months. Examination under general anaesthesia revealed unilateral laryngeal distortion by a soft tissue mass; there was no radiographic evidence of metastatic disease at this time. Over the next four months the upper respiratory obstruction became more severe as a result of progressive laryngeal stenosis and metastatic lung masses were observed radiographically four months after initial examination. Necropsy revealed an infiltrating laryngeal adenocarcinoma with metastases in the upper cervical lymph node and lungs. This case illustrates the value of early biopsy diagnosis to spare the patient the distress of progressive upper respiratory obstruction.
Intramedullary nailing of diaphyseal fractures with self‐reinforced polylactide implants
Authors: Räihä J. E. , Axelson P. , Rokkanen P. , Törmälä P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTIn fracture treatment, several adverse effects of metal, especially its excessive rigidity, often require the removal of the implants after a fracture has healed. Recent research with biodegradable polymers has contributed to the development of totally biodegradable polylactic acid implants with very high initial bending and shear strengths, but a modulus of elasticity comparable to that of bone. These implants were originally intended for use in fractures involving cancellous bone. Encouraging results from treating experimentally produced diaphyseal fractures led the authors to use these implants in a clinical trial on shaft fractures in dogs and cats. In this study, a total of 11 dogs and 14 cats had 28 diaphyseal fractures treated with one or several intramedullary pins of self‐reinforced left isomeric polylactic acid. Of the 25 treated cases, 23 healed. Four of these had an unsatisfactory end result attributed to the implants used and one developed an osteomyelitis. Thus, out of 25 fractures, 23 united (92 per cent] and 18 [72 per cent) had a good or excellent outcome.
Brain tumours in the dog: Treatment of 10 cases and review of recent literature
Authors: Jeffery N. , Brearley M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper records preliminary results achieved in 10 dogs with histologically confirmed intracranial tumours treated by a variety of methods. One case was treated by surgical excision alone, three cases by surgical excision and external beam radiotherapy, one by surgical excision followed by cytotoxic chemotherapy (lomustine), two by radiotherapy alone, two by chemotherapy alone, and a combination of all modalities was used in one case. Palliation of clinical signs was acheived to varying degrees in all but one case and the quality of life was much improved in nine out of 10 animals. Survival times following first treatment varied from 10 days to 16 months. One dog is still alive with no deficits at 12 months following first treatment (surgery). These results and those reported else‐where are discussed.
Plasma cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations in the dog: The effects of age, breed, gender and endocrine disease
Authors: Barrie J. , Watson T. D. G. , Stear M. J. , Nash A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA combined ultracentrifugation and precipitation technique was used to quantify the plasma lipoprotein concentrations of control dogs (n=33) and dogs with diabetes mellitus (n=11), hyper‐adrenocorticism (n=14), hypothyroidism (n=10) and obesity (n=20). In addition, the effect of breed type, age and gender on the lipoprotein phenotype was assessed. Breed type and age were found to have no effect upon cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations but the high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentration was greater in intact females than intact males. Cholesterol concentrations were significantly higher than those of the control group in dogs with diabetes mellitus (P<0·01), hyper‐adrenocorticism (P<0·01) and hypothyroidism (P<0·001). In dogs with diabetes mellitus this was due to increased concentrations of very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL‐C) (P<0·01) and HDL‐C (P<0·05). The concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) (P<0·05) were significantly increased in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism, while in the hypothyroid dogs, VLDL‐C (P<0·05), LDL‐C (P<0·001) and HDL‐C (P<0·05) were significantly higher than the control group. The cholesterol and lipoprotein concentrations in the obese population were not significantly different from control dogs.
Use of reconstruction plates for repair of acetabular fractures in 16 dogs
Authors: Dyce J. , Houlton J. E. F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAcetabular fractures in 16 dogs were repaired using reconstruction plates. Notches cut into the plate permitted contouring in three planes to facilitate accurate articular reconstruction. There were three cranial, seven central, one caudal and five comminuted acetabular fractures. These acetabular fractures were invariably associated with multiple pelvic fractures. Repair of nonacetabular fracture/luxation was indicated in 10 cases. Follow‐up information was available for 15 dogs, of which 12 (80 per cent) had an excellent or good outcome. Fracture configuration and the presence of multiple fractures did not influence prognosis. Two dogs died suddenly, late in convalescence, but the cause of death was not established.
Leishmanial polyarthritis in two dogs
Authors: Spreng D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of polyarthritis in the dog resulting from Leishmania species infection are reviewed. The clinical investigations, laboratory findings and serological tests are summarised. Leishmanial amastigotes were detected in synovial fluid samples of multiple joints with marked inflammatory signs. Diagnosis was made by biopsy of bone marrow, skin and synovial fluid. Both dogs were initially treated with pentavalent sodium stibogluconate. Other causes of canine polyarthritis were excluded.
Infectious epiphysitis and arthritis in a puppy
Authors: Bittegeko S. B. P. , Arnbjerg J. , Heje N. I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn account of infectious juvenile osteomyelitis, epiphysitis and arthritis in a 14‐week‐old dalmation dog is described. It had a three‐week history of left forelimb lameness and a painful shoulder joint. Radiography revealed radiolucency of the proximal humeral epiphysis, with the physis and metaphysis slightly involved. A deformed epiphysis and a short left humerus were found at necropsy. Staphylococcus inter‐medius bacteria were isolated from the humeral epiphysis and shoulder joint. Histopathology demonstrated epiphyseal osteomyelitis, dyschondroplasia, fibrosis and arthritis.
Thrombosis and nephritic syndrome in a dog with visceral leishmaniasis
Authors: Font A. , Closa J. M. , Molina A. , Mascort J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTVisceral leishmaniasis with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome was diagnosed in a six‐year‐old dog presented with thromboembolic manifestations. A blood coagulation test indicated low levels of antithrombin III, prolonged partial thromboplastin time, hypofibrinogenaemia, an increase in fibrin degradation products and decreased plasminogenic activity. These results confirmed the diagnosis of thrombosis induced by glomerulonephritis, accompanied by secondary fibrinolysis. Bone marrow aspiration revealed an abundance of parasites of the genus Leishmania. Histopathology confirmed the presence of membranous glomerulonephritis due to Leishmania species parasites, as well as the presence of thrombosis in the aorta, iliac arteries, vena cava and femoral veni.
Tracheal collapse in the dog ‐ is there really a role for surgery? A survey of 100 cases
Authors: White R. A. S. , Williams J. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred dogs with clinical signs associated with tracheal collapse were examined over a four‐year period. The symptomatic state of tracheal collapse was found to have a multifactorial aetiology. Factors linked with the onset of clinical signs included cardiomegaly, pulmonary oedema, respiratory infection, endotracheal intubation, the presence of a smoker in the household, allergic respiratory disease and obesity. Medical or conservative management resulted in long term resolution of signs (greater than 12 months) in 71 per cent of cases while a further 4 per cent were successfully managed by upper airway surgery. Tracheal reconstruction was performed for the minority of non‐responsive cases (11 per cent) in which no other medical condition could be identified. Only half of these dogs (5 per cent) remained asymptomatic long term. The importance of identifying and eliminating the factors implicated in initiating the symptomatic state of tracheal collapse is emphasised. Suppression of these exciting causes should be considered as the therapeutic priority and surgery should be reserved only for those dogs which do not respond to conservative management.
Static strength evaluation of two modified unilateral external skeletal fixators
Authors: Dewey C. W. , Aron D. N. , Foutz T. L. , Marks M. A. , Budsberg S. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe relative static strengths of two modified unilateral external skeletal fixation configurations, intended for use in humeral and femoral fracture management, were compared with each other and with a type la (unilateral, uniplanar) and a type lb (unilateral, biplanar) configuration, using an in vitro model. The parameters of yield strength, ultimate (failure) strength and stiffness (slope) were measured for each of the four configurations in the disruptive modes of axial compression, craniocaudal bending and lateromedial bending. The two modified unilateral configurations (models 3 and 4) were biomechanically superior to the type la configuration (model 1) for all parameters, when loaded in axial compression and craniocaudal bending. Model 3 was stronger than the type lb (model 2) configuration for all parameters when loaded in axial compression. There were no significant differences among the models with lateromedial bending loads, except for the parameter of stiffness. The results of this study suggest that the two modified unilateral configurations are biomechanically superior to the type la fixator configuration. The results also suggest that the modified unilateral configurations equal or exceed the biplanar configuration (model 2) in stiffness when loaded in axial compression.
Ante mortem diagnosis of pancreatitis in four cats
Authors: Simpson K. W. , Shiroma J. T. , Biller D. S. , Wicks J. , Johnson S. E. , Dimski D. , Chew D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe ante mortem detection of pancreatitis in four cats is reported. Clinical findings included vomiting, lethargy and constipation in all the cats, diabetes mellitus in two cats and severe jaundice and a vitamin K responsive coagulopathy in one cat. Serum amylase was normal in all the cats and serum lipase was elevated in one azotaemic cat. Ultrasonography revealed predominantly hypoechoic masses in the right cranial quandrant of the abdomen of each cat. The anatomical location of these masses was consistent with the pancreas. Gross examination supported these ultrasonographic observations. The pancreatic lesions were characterised histologically as acute necrotising pancreatitis, acute necrotising pancreatitis with abscessation, chronic active pancreatitis with cystic dilatation of the pancreatic duct causing bile duct obstruction and chronic active pancreatitis with nodular hyperplasia. This report indicates that pancreatitis is a clinically significant disease in cats that may be diagnosed ante mortem.
Marsupialisation of an arachnoid cyst in a dog
Authors: McKee W. M. , Renwick P. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA seven‐month‐old West Highland white terrier was presented with hindlimb ataxia and paraparesis. Radiographic studies revealed an arachnoid cyst at thoracic vertebrae 12 and 13. A dorsal laminectomy and durotomy were performed to decompress the spinal cord. The cyst was marsupialised by suturing the dura mater to the edge of the laminectomy defect. There were no postoperative complications and the dog improved to normality.
Use of a restricted antigen diet in the management of idiopathic canine colitis
Authors: Simpson J. W. , Maskell I. E. , Markwell P. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTEleven dogs diagnosed as having idiopathic chronic colitis were treated for four months with a commercial hypoallergenic diet. Ten clinical parameters were evaluated monthly for each dog. Within one month, four key signs associated with colitis (straining, faecal blood, faecal mucus and faecal consistency) were significantly improved and remained so for the subsequent three months. Sulphasalazine was also used in the initial stages of management to control presenting signs. However, within one month 60 per cent of the dogs required either no sulphasalazine (or less) than when originally presented; within two months 90 per cent were stabilised with no drug therapy.
Systemic histiocytosis in a Bernese mountain dog
Authors: Brearley M. J. , Dunn K. A. , Smith K. C. , Blunden A. S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSystemic histiocytosis was diagnosed at post mortem examination in a three‐year‐old Bernese mountain dog born in the United Kingdom. The dog presented with a progressive nodular skin disease, chemosis and periocular swelling occurring over six months. It was unresponsive to topical corticosteroids, antibiotics and oral azathioprine. Elective euthanasia was performed. Post mortem examination revealed extensive histiocytic infiltration of the skin, subcutis and skeletal muscles, particularly of the head.
Canine ceroid‐lipofuscinoses: A review and classification
Authors: Jolly R. D. , Palmer D. N. , Studdert V. P. , Sutton R. H. , Kelly W. R. , Koppang N. , Dahme G. , Hartley W. J. , Patterson J. S. , Riis R. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe ceroid‐lipofuscinoses are a group of inherited neurodegenerative diseases of humans and animals characterised by the accumulation of a fluorescent lipopigment in neurons and other cells within the body. Syndromes occurring in dogs are classified, on the basis of the age of onset and, to a lesser degree, the course of the disease, as prepubertal‐protracted, early adult acute and adult onset. Clinical signs are generally those of progressive loss of vision, motor disturbances such as ataxia, tremors, seizures and proprioceptive deficits together with behavioural changes including loss of learned behaviour, fearfulness and aggression. The various syndromes can be expected to reflect different mutations, at least some of which affect the catabolism of subunit c of mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase. Confirmation of diagnosis depends on the demonstration of lipopigment in brain or skin biopsies by histochemistry, fluorescence or electron microscopy.
Primary erythrocytosis in the cat: Treatment with hydroxyurea
Authors: Watson A. D. J. , Moore A. S. , Helfand S. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPrimary erythrocytosis was diagnosed in six adult neutered domestic cats. All the cats showed varying signs of neurological dysfunction, including seizures, blindness, abnormal behaviour, episodes of ataxia, dilated pupils and foaming at the mouth. Other signs included polyuria, polydipsia, lethargy, wobbly gait, head bobbing and twitching. Affected animals had initially high packed cell volumes (PCV) (0.63 to 0.82 litres/litre) without any identifiable cause of relative or secondary erythrocytosis. Serum erythropoietin concentrations were low or normal in four cats, equivocal in one and undetermined in one. Primary erythrocytosis was diagnosed, rather than polycythaemia vera, as abnormalities often associated with the latter were uncommon (granulocytosis, splenomegaly) or unrecorded (thrombocytosis, hepatomegaly). The six cats were treated with hydroxyurea and five had phlebotomies. All remain well at least 10 months after treatment began, and two have survived more than six years, despite potential complications with hydroxyurea, including neutropenia, anaemia and methaemoglobinaemia.
Primary pulmonary osteosarcoma in a dog
Authors: Fox L. E. , King R. R. , Mays M. Calderwood , Ackerman N. , Cooley A. J. , Meyer D. , Bolon B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAn 11‐year‐old mixed breed dog was referred because of coughing and painful swelling of the distal extremities which had not resolved with antibiotic treatment. A consolidated left cranial lung lobe and hypertrophic osteopathy were identified by radiographs. A unique feature of this report is the marked, rapid reduction in pain and lameness associated with hypertrophic osteopathy after treatment with corticosteroids. Histological examination of an 8 cm diameter, spherical mass found in the excised cranial lung lobe revealed osteosarcoma. No evidence of local or distant metastases was present. The dog survived one year after diagnosis.
Delimitation of safe corridors for the insertion of external fixator pins in the dog 1: Hindlimb
Authors: Marti J. M. , Miller A. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTAnatomical dissections of fresh canine hindlimb specimens were carried out on the femoral region and crus and cross sections of the crus to identify the location of safe corridors for external skeletal fixator pin insertion. Safe, hazardous and unsafe corridors were defined and measured along the canine hindlimb. Recommendations are made on the safe and effective use of fixator frames in the canine femur and tibia, in order to avoid potentially serious complications. No safe corridors were identified in the canine femoral region. The canine tibia is an eccentric bone and its entire medial aspect and part of its cranial aspect lie in a subcutaneous position. These areas are identified as safe for external skeletal fixator pin insertion.
Suspected mechanobullous skin disease in a cat
Authors: O'Dair H. A. , Henderson J. P. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis report describes a three‐year‐old male domestic longhaired cat which was presented with generalised pruritus, alopecia and ulcerative dermatitis. All four feet showed evidence of nail shedding and there was widespread scarring of the skin of the back. Clinicopathological investigations suggested a mechanobullous disease. The condition was unresponsive to attempted medical therapy which included antibiotics, glucocorticoids and vitamin E supplementation.
Ocular disease associated with hypertension in 16 cats
Authors: Sansom J. , Barnett K. C. , Dunn K. A. , Smith K. C. , Dennis R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTBetween 1990 and 1993, 16 cats were referred with acute onset blindness or intraocular haemorrhage. Blood pressure assessment, using the Doppler ultrasonic recording technique in 11 of the cats, proved these cases to be hypertensive. Fifteen cats underwent further investigation, revealing 13 with some degree of renal impairment and one as hyperthyroid. Five underwent cardiac ultrasound and all showed evidence of cardiac hypertrophy. The eyes from four of the cats were examined histologically and showed serous or haemorrhagic retinal detachments with varying degrees of retinal degeneration and a range of ocular hypertensive vascular changes. Two cats had full post mortem examinations which revealed evidence of renal and thyroid pathology.
Small animal fluid therapy 2. Solutions and monitoring
Authors: Michell A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis review outlines the importance of considering other aspects of treatment for underlying conditions, and other nursing measures, when fluid therapy is employed in small animal patients. The choice of fluid therapy should be based on rationally defined therapeutic targets and not following a strict set of procedures. Monitoring should also be a constant feature during fluid therapy so that adjustments can be made according to a patient's response to the treatment.
Post anaesthetic oesophageal stricture formation in three cats
Authors: Galatos A. D. , Rallis T. , Raptopoulos D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThree cases of distal oesophageal stricture which developed after ovariohysterectomy, carried out under atropine‐xylazine‐ketamine anaesthesia in the cat are reviewed. Diagnosis was based upon medical history, clinical signs and contrast radiography and confirmed by endoscopy. Dilatation was successfully attempted in one case by advancing the endoscope through the stricture. The multifactorial pathogenesis of the condition and the diagnostic and therapeutic methods applied are discussed.
Corneal stromal abscess in a cat
Authors: Moore D. L. , Jones R. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA corneal stromal abscess was diagnosed in a 13‐year‐old domestic shorthaired cat. A superficial keratectomy was performed to obtain samples for cytological and bacteriological examination. These confirmed the diagnosis and, following medical management with topical and systemic antibiotics, the lesion resolved completely.