bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical manifestations of noncoronary atherosclerotic vascular disease after moderate dose irradiation
Authors: Patel Deep A. , Kochanski Joel , Suen Andrew W. , Fajardo Luis F. , Hancock Steven L. , Knox Susan J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAccelerated atherosclerosis and carotid stenosis are well‐established risks occurring after high radiation doses that are used to treat cancers of the head and neck. Noncoronary vascular disease has been observed and may relate to more moderate dose irradiation.METHODSA search of patients treated for Hodgkin disease, non‐Hodgkin lymphoma, or seminoma was performed to identify cases with noncoronary vascular complications after irradiation. These three groups were chosen because of the use of intermediate dose radiation and prevalence of long‐term survivors. Individual patient records were reviewed to document the type and presentation of the stenosis and the clinical factors that may have contributed to this risk.RESULTSTwenty‐one patients were identified who developed disease in noncoronary arteries after treatment. The median time from irradiation to diagnosis of vascular stenosis was 15 years. Antecedent risk factors for vascular disease were prevalent. Five patients had disease identified by auscultation of bruits before an adverse clinical event occurred. Five patients died from complications related to their vascular disease, which included three deaths after stroke and two after small bowel infarction.CONCLUSIONTwelve cases arose at an atypically young age for atherosclerotic vascular disease and featured unusual clinical presentations. Nine cases identified occurred at an advanced aged and at a shorter median interval, making a causal relation to irradiation uncertain. Incorporating careful auscultation for bruits in followup evaluation of irradiated patients may identify individuals who are at risk for adverse vascular events. The potential for early vasculopathy in individuals exposed to intermediate dose irradiation suggests a need to manage dyslipidemia and reduce vascular risk factors throughout the posttreatment period. Cancer 2006. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Heat conduction and radiative heat exchange in cellular structures using flat shell elements
Authors: Colliat J. B. , Ibrahimbegović A. , Davenne L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe developed in this paper a variational formulation of heat diffusion equation applicable to the flat shell context and cellular structures. For this purpose, we introduce the average mid‐surface temperature field, through‐the‐thickness gradient and their dual generalized fluxes. Moreover, we introduced radiative heat exchange in the same way, which leads to a non‐linear and unsymmetrical thermal discrete problem. The model performance is illustrated by several numerical examples concerning cellular structures like hollow clay bricks submitted to thermal loading. Thermo‐mechanical coupling for such structure which is well adapted to the shell‐like modelling approach, is presented in the elastic regime with the numerical results concerning temperature field and forces. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal control of a turbulent fibre suspension flowing in a planar contraction
Authors: Mäkinen Raino A. E. , Hämäläinen Jari 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFibre orientation distribution of a turbulent fibre suspension flowing in a planar contraction is considered. The fibre orientation is modelled using a diffusion–convection‐type equation while the average flow velocity of the suspension is modelled using a simple one‐dimensional model. Our aim is to control the fibre orientation distribution at the end of the contraction by changing its shape. The shape is discretized with Bezier function and the diffusion–convection equation with streamline upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) finite element method. Algebraic sensitivity analysis for the discretized optimization problem is done with the aid of automatic differentiation techniques. Numerical examples are given. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mesh projection between parametric surfaces
Authors: Roca X. , Sarrate J. , Huerta A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper presents a new algorithm to map a given mesh over a source surface onto a target surface. This projection is determined by means of a least‐squares approximation of a transformation defined between the loops of boundary nodes of the cap surfaces in the parametric spaces. Once the new mesh is obtained on the parametric space of the target surface, it is mapped to the target surface according to its parameterization. Therefore, in contrast with the usual techniques, the developed algorithm does not require solving any root finding problem to ensure that the projected nodes are on the target surface. Finally, this projection algorithm is extended to three‐dimensional cases and included in a sweep meshing tool in order to generate the inner layers of elements in the physical space. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Programming scientific and distributed workflow with Triana services
Authors: Churches David , Gombas Gabor , Harrison Andrew , Maassen Jason , Robinson Craig , Shields Matthew , Taylor Ian , Wang Ian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this paper, we discuss a real‐world application scenario that uses three distinct types of workflow within the Triana problem‐solving environment: serial scientific workflow for the data processing of gravitational wave signals; job submission workflows that execute Triana services on a testbed; and monitoring workflows that examine and modify the behaviour of the executing application. We briefly describe the Triana distribution mechanisms and the underlying architectures that we can support. Our middleware independent abstraction layer, called the Grid Application Prototype (GAP), enables us to advertise, discover and communicate with Web and peer‐to‐peer (P2P) services. We show how gravitational wave search algorithms have been implemented to distribute both the search computation and data across the European GridLab testbed, using a combination of Web services, Globus interaction and P2P infrastructures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Choreography for the Grid: towards fitting BPEL to the resource framework
Authors: Leymann Frank 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe inherent heterogeneity of the Grid demands the ability to specify choreographies in a portable manner. This ensures that a choreography once specified can be deployed and executed in every workflow system within a Grid environment. It is likely that the Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) will have the corresponding broad support in the industry. In order to become first class citizens in the Grid, choreographies have to comply with the resource framework. We therefore suggest steps to make BPEL compliant with the resource framework. As a result, features of BPEL such as extended transactions will be available in a Grid environment. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Refactoring service‐based systems: how to avoid trusting a workflow service
Authors: Chivers Howard , McDermid John 
Published: December 2005

AbstractGrid systems span multiple organizations, so their workflow processes have security requirements, such as restricting access to data or ensuring that process constraints are observed. These requirements are often managed by the workflow component, because of the close association between this sub‐system and the processes it enacts. However, high‐quality security mechanisms and complex functionality are difficult to combine, so designers and users of workflow systems are faced with a tradeoff between security and functionality, which is unlikely to provide confidence in the security implementation. This paper resolves that tension by showing that process security can be enforced outside the workflow component. Separating security and process functionality in this way improves the quality of security protection, because it is implemented by standard system mechanisms; it also allows the workflow component to be deployed as a standard service, rather than a privileged system component. To make this change of design philosophy accessible outside the security community it is documented as a collection of refactorings, which include problem templates that identify suspect design practice, and target patterns that provide solutions. Worked examples show that these patterns can be used in practice to implement practical applications, with both traditional workflow security concerns, and Grid requirements. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Use of1H NMR Microscopy to Study Proton‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Feindel Kirk W. , Bergens Steven H. , Wasylishen Roderick E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTo understand proton‐exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) better, researchers have used several techniques to visualize their internal operation. This Concept outlines the advantages of using1H NMR microscopy, that is, magnetic resonance imaging, to monitor the distribution of water in a working PEMFC. We describe what a PEMFC is, how it operates, and why monitoring water distribution in a fuel cell is important. We will focus on our experience in constructing PEMFCs, and demonstrate how1H NMR microscopy is used to observe the water distribution throughout an operating hydrogen PEMFC. Research in this area is briefly reviewed, followed by some comments regarding challenges and anticipated future developments.
Flow cytometric comparison of RNA content in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of down syndrome patients and control individuals
Authors: Hamurcu Zuhal , Demirtas Halil , Kumandas Sefer 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveTrisomy 21 or Down syndrome (DS) is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation associated with the immunologic and other known defects. Extra chromosome 21 of DS patients contains an average of 40 extra copies of rRNA genes and the in vivo regulation of these genes' activity is not known. Because over 80% of total cellular RNA is rRNA, the measurement of total cellular RNA provides information on rRNA content. The aim of this work was to determine whether or not the additional chromosome 21 causes any increase in total cellular RNA content in mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMNCs) of these patients and whether or not this content is modified with age.MethodPBMNCs of 48 patients with DS and 48 healthy controls were studied. RNA content of isolated PBMNCs was evaluated by flow cytometric measurements.ResultsAverage RNA content of younger DS patients' cells was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (P = 0.003). Furthermore, the RNA content decreased significantly with increasing age of DS patients (r = −0.377, P = 0.008) in the range of 0–26 year old, whereas no significant relationship was found between age and PBMNCs' RNA content of healthy controls in the same range of ages.ConclusionRNA content of PBMNCs from DS patients decreases rapidly with age. This is the first work on the age‐dependent decrease of the RNA content in PBMNCs of DS patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrochemical Detection of High Oxidation States of Chromium(IV and V) in Chromium‐Doped Cassiterite and Tin‐Sphene Ceramic Pigmenting Systems
Authors: Doménech Antonio , Torres Francisco Jose , Ruiz de Sola Esther , Alarcón Javier 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSolid‐state electrochemistry is applied to detect the presence of chromium centres with high oxidation states in chromium‐doped cassiterite and tin‐sphene ceramic pigmenting systems. Voltammetric data indicate that CrV and CrIV centres with different coordinative arrangements exist in the studied materials, and yield proton‐assisted reduction processes at +0.95, +0.42 AgCl/Ag in contact with 0.50 M H2SO4. Electrochemical measurements are correlated with spectroscopic data. The CrIV and CrV metal ions display a significant light‐driven electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of 1,4‐dihydrobenzoquinone and Fe(CN)64– ions that involves the formation of surface‐confined adducts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Effect of the Leaving Group on the Rate and Mechanism of the Palladium‐Catalyzed Isomerization of Cyclic Allylic Benzoates in Allylic Substitutions
Authors: Amatore Christian , Jutand Anny , Mensah Laure , Meyer Gilbert , Fiaud Jean‐Claude , Legros Jean‐Yves 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn chloroform, the reaction of cis‐5‐phenylcyclohex‐2‐enyl 4‐Z‐benzoate (cis‐1Z, Z = NO2, Cl, H, Me, MeO) with Pd0 complexes ligated to PPh3 is reversible and proceeds with isomerization at the allylic position. The rate of isomerization of cis‐1Z to trans‐1Z depends on the catalytic precursor: Pd0(PPh3)4 > {Pd0(dba)2 + 2PPh3} in agreement with an SN2 mechanism in the rate‐determining isomerization of the cationic (η3‐allyl)palladium complexes formed in the oxidative addition. For a given precursor, the rate of isomerization of cis‐1Z to trans‐1Z also depends on the substituent Z, i.e., on the leaving group. The isomerization rate follows the same order as the leaving group properties: 4‐NO2–C6H4‐CO2–> 4‐Cl–C6H4‐CO2– > C6H5‐CO2– > 4‐Me–C6H4‐CO2– > 4‐MeO–C6H4‐CO2–. The same tendency is found for the equilibrium constant between the neutral cis‐1Z and the cationic (η3‐allyl)palladium complex in DMF. The higher the concentration of the cationic (η3‐allyl)palladium complex, the faster the isomerization of cis‐1Z to trans‐1Z is. The isomerization of cis‐1Z to trans‐1Z and that of the cationic (η3‐allyl)palladium complexes are at the origin of the lack of stereospecificity observed in catalytic nucleophilic allylic substitutions. These isomerizations are affected by both the leaving groups and the Pd0 precursors, which therefore are not “innocent” but may play an important role in palladium‐catalyzed nucleophilic substitutions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)
Ring‐Closure Metathesis in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as Sole Solvent with Use of Covalently Immobilized Ruthenium Catalysts
Authors: Michalek Florian , Mädge Daniel , Rühe Jürgen , Bannwarth Willi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe describe RCM reactions in the presence of a Hoveyda‐type catalyst covalently immobilized on different support materials. The performance of the catalyst was highly dependent on the nature of the support, and in some cases high levels of conversion were obtained, allowing for repetitive cycles. In addition, remarkably low levels of leaching of ruthenium into the product (20 ppm) were observed. This environmentally benign process has potential for continuous applications.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Influence of the N3‐Protection Group on N1‐ vs. O2‐Alkylation in the Mitsunobu Reaction
Authors: Ludek Olaf R. , Meier Chris 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe influence of the N3‐protection group of thymine on the regioselectivity of the N1‐ vs. O2‐alkylation under Mitsunobu conditions is described. A series of N3‐protected thymine derivatives 8a–f was prepared and coupled to cyclopentanol as model compound for carbocyclic nucleoside precursors. Finally, the N3‐BOM group was selected to improve our previously reported synthetic strategy to carbocyclic thymidine (carba‐dT). Moreover, the 2,6‐dimethyl‐Bz group led exclusively to the O2‐analogue of carba‐dT. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
GADD45α is highly expressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells and required for tumor cell viability
Authors: Schneider Günter , Weber Andreas , Zechner Ulrich , Oswald Franz , Friess Helmut M. , Schmid Roland M. , Liptay Susanne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the western civilization. Recently, NF‐κB has been shown to be activated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma through constitutive activation of IκB kinase (IKK). Inhibition of NF‐κB by a super‐inhibitor of NF‐κB—delta‐N‐IκBα—resulted in impaired proliferation and induction of apoptosis, suggesting an important role of NF‐κB in pancreatic tumorigenesis. Downstream target genes of IκBα have not been elucidated in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in detail. Using expression profiling by cDNA array analysis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines stably transfected with super‐IκBα, we identified GADD45α as a significant regulated gene. GADD45α is overexpressed in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma at the mRNA and protein level. Using RNAi we show that downregulation of GADD45α reduces proliferation and induces apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. These findings provide evidence that GADD45α contributes to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and viability. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genome‐wide gene expression profiling of cervical cancer in Hong Kong women by oligonucleotide microarray
Authors: Wong Yick‐Fu , Cheung Tak‐Hong , Tsao George S.W. , Lo Keith W.K. , Yim So‐Fan , Wang Vivian W. , Heung Macy M.S. , Chan Samuel C.S. , Chan Loucia K.Y. , Ho Tina W.F. , Wong Katherine W.Y. , Li Chen , Guo Yu , Chung Tony K.H. , Smith David I. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn analysis of gene expression profiles obtained from cervical cancers was performed to find those genes most aberrantly expressed. Total RNA was prepared from 29 samples of cervical squamous cell carcinoma and 18 control samples, and hybridized to Affymetrix oligonucleotide microarrays with probe sets complementary to over 20,000 transcripts. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering of the expression data readily distinguished normal cervix from cancer. Supervised analysis of gene expression data identified 98 and 139 genes that exhibited >2‐fold upregulation and >2‐fold downregulation, respectively, in cervical cancer compared to normal cervix. Several of the genes that were differentially regulated included SPP1 (Osteopontin), CDKN2A (p16), RPL39L, Clorf1, MAL, p11, ARS and NICE‐1. These were validated by quantitative RT‐PCR on an independent set of cancer and control specimens. Gene Ontology analysis showed that the list of differentially expressed genes included ones that were involved in multiple biological processes, including cell proliferation, cell cycle and protein catabolism. Immunohistochemical staining of cancer specimens further confirmed differential expression of SPP1 in cervical cancer cells vs. nontumor cells. In addition, 2 genes, CTGF and RGS1 were found to be upregulated in late stage cancer compared to early stage cancer, suggesting that they might be involved in cancer progression. The pathway analysis of expression data showed that the SPP1, VEGF, CDC2 and CKS2 genes were coordinately differentially regulated between cancer and normal. The present study is promising and provides potential new insights into the extent of expression differences underlying the development and progression of cervical squamous cell cancer. This study has also revealed several genes that may be highly attractive candidate molecular markers/targets for cervical cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of multiple epigenetically regulated cancer/germline genes in nonsmall cell lung cancer
Authors: Grunwald Carolin , Koslowski Michael , Arsiray Tülin , Dhaene Karl , Praet Marleen , Victor Anja , Morresi‐Hauf Alicia , Lindner Michael , Passlick Bernward , Lehr Hans‐Anton , Schäfer Stephan C. , Seitz Gerhard , Huber Christoph , Sahin Ugur , Türeci Özlem 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCancer/germline (CG) antigens represent promising targets for widely applicable mono‐ and multiantigen cancer vaccines for nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Since little is known about their composite expression in this tumor type, we analyzed 7 CG genes (MAGE‐A3, NY‐ESO‐1, LAGE‐1, BRDT, HOM‐TES‐85, TPX‐1 and LDHC) in 102 human NSCLC specimens. About 81% of NSCLC express at least 1 and half of the specimen at least 2 CG genes. Activation of most of these genes occurs more frequently in squamous cell cancer than in adenocarcinomas. Even though we found all genes but one to be regulated by genomic methylation, not all of them are co‐expressed. In particular, combining CG genes not localized on the X‐chromosome may provide effective treatment for an extended number of patients. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prophylactic effect of pemirolast, an antiallergic agent, against hypersensitivity reactions to paclitaxel in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Yahata Hideaki , Saito Mami , Sendo Toshiaki , Itoh Yoshinori , Uchida Mayako , Hirakawa Toshio , Nakano Hitoo , Oishi Ryozo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have previously shown that sensory nerve peptides contribute to the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) to paclitaxel in rats. Moreover, pemirolast, an antiallergic agent, reverses the HSRs to paclitaxel, although the mechanism is considered to result from the blockade of paclitaxel‐induced release of sensory peptides, rather than the inhibition of histamine release. In the present study, we investigated the preventive effect of pemirolast against acute HSRs in a total of 84 patients who undertook postoperative paclitaxel plus carboplatin chemotherapy every 4 weeks for ovarian cancer. Patients were assigned to receive oral lactose (placebo) or pemirolast (10 mg), 2 hr before paclitaxel infusion. All patients received conventional premedication, including oral diphenhydramine, intravenous ranitidine and intravenous dexamethasone, 30 min before paclitaxel infusion. The HSRs that led to the discontinuance of paclitaxel infusion (grade ≥≥2) occurred in 5 of 42 patients in placebo group, whereas none of pemirolast‐treated 42 patients showed any signs of HSRs. Plasma histamine concentrations were not changed after paclitaxel infusion in either group. Our present findings suggest that pemirolast is potentially useful for prophylaxis of paclitaxel‐induced HSRs. In this respect, the use of pemirolast as premedication is expected to be beneficial to the safety management in patients who undergo chemotherapy containing paclitaxel. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenoxodiol, an experimental anticancer drug, shows potent antiangiogenic properties in addition to its antitumour effects
Authors: Gamble Jennifer R. , Xia Pu , Hahn Christopher N. , Drew Jenny J. , Drogemuller Christopher J. , Brown David , Vadas Mathew A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPhenoxodiol (2H‐1‐benzopyran‐7‐0,1, 3‐[4‐hydroxyphenyl], PXD) is a synthetic analogue of the naturally‐occurring plant isoflavone and anticancer agent, genistein. PXD directly induces mitotic arrest and apoptosis in most cancer cells and is currently undergoing clinical trials, as a chemotherapeutic in ovarian and prostate cancers. We show here that PXD also exhibits potent antiangiogenic properties. Thus, it inhibited endothelial cell proliferation, migration and capillary tube formation and inhibited expression of the matrix metalloproteinase MMP‐2, a major matrix degrading enzyme. Importantly, we demonstrate that PXD is functional in vivo since it inhibited the extent of capillary tube invasion in an in vivo model of angiogenesis. We show that phenoxodiol inhibits hallmarks of endothelial cell activation, namely TNF or IL‐1 induced E‐selectin and VCAM‐1 expression and IL‐8 secretion. However, PXD had no effect on unstimulated endothelial cells. We also describe that PXD inhibits the lipid kinase sphingosine kinase, which recently has been implicated in endothelial cell activation and angiogenesis as well as oncogenesis. Thus, our results suggest that PXD may be an effective anticancer drug targeting the two drivers of tumour growth – the proliferation of the tumour cells themselves and the angiogenic and inflammatory stimulation of the vasculature. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.