bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipid characterization of seed oils from high‐palmitic, low‐palmitoleic, and very high‐stearic acid sunflower lines
Authors: Serrano‐Vega María J. , Martínez‐Force Enrique , Garcés Rafael 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInformation obtained in recent years regarding the enzymes involved in FA synthesis can now be applied to develop novel sunflower lines by incorporating enzymes with specific characteristics into lines with a defined background. We have generated three highly saturated mutant lines in this way and characterized their FA content. The new high‐palmitic, low‐palmitoleic lines CAS‐18 and CAS‐25, the latter on a high‐oleic background, have been selected from the high‐stearic mutant CAS‐3 by introducing a deficient stearic acid desaturase in a high‐palmitic background from the previously developed mutant lines CAS‐5 and CAS‐12, respectively. As such, the desaturation of palmitic acid and the synthesis of palmitoleic acid and its derivatives (asclepic and palmitolinoleic acids) were reduced in these high‐palmitic lines, increasing the stearic acid content. Likewise, introducing a FA thioesterase from a high‐palmitic line (e.g., CAS‐5) into the high‐stearic CAS‐3 increased the stearic acid content from 27 to 32% in the new high‐stearic line CAS‐31. As previously described in high‐palmitic lines, high growth temperatures did not reduce the linoleic acid content of the oil. Furthermore, the FA composition of TAG, DAG, and phospholipids was modified in these lines. Besides a high degree of saturation, the TAG from these new vegetable oils have a low content of saturated FA in the sn‐2 position. The α asymmetric coefficient obtained also indicates that the saturated FA are asymmetrically distributed within the TAG molecules. Indeed, the disaturated TAG content rose from 31.8 to 48.2%. These values of disaturated TAG are the highest to date in a temperate oilseed.
Influence of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on infant cognitive function
Authors: Willatts P. , Forsyth J. S. , DiModugno M. K. , Varma S. , Colvin M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLong‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are important for normal visual and cortical development. In a previous study of the effects of LCPUFA on cognitive function of term infants at the age of 3 mon, we indicated that infants with evidence of reduced growth parameters at birth and impaired attention control as manifested by a late peak fixation during infant habituation assessment may benefit from LCPUFA supplementation. The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether LCPUFA supplementation and late peak fixation are related to means‐end problem‐solving ability in these same infants at the age of 9 mon. Term infants (58) were randomized to one of two formulas containing either LCPUFA or no LCPUFA and completed 4 mon of feeding with their formula. Cognitive function was assessed at 3 mon of age by measures of infant habituation. Infants (20 LCPUFA and 20 no‐LCPUFA) completed the problem‐solving assessment at 9 mon. The no‐LCPUFA group had lower scores on both measures of intention and number of solutions, but neither of these differences was significant. Analysis of covariance for the effects of group and peak fixation, covaried with gestation and birth weight, showed that the number of solutions was significantly reduced in the late peak‐fixation infants receiving no LCPUFA (P<0.02). Intention scores tended to be reduced in this group (P<0.06). The late peak‐fixation infants who received LCPUFA had solution and intention scores similar to early peak‐fixation infants receiving LCPUFA or no LCPUFA. These findings suggest that in term infants who have reduced growth parameters at birth and who show evidence of impaired attention control, information processing and problem‐solving ability in infancy may be enhanced by LCPUFA supplementation.
Tomato lycopene and low density lipoprotein oxidation: A human dietary intervention study
Authors: Agarwal Sanjiv , Rao A. Venketeshwer 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIncrease in low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation is hypothesized to be causally associated with increasing risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. In recent epidemiological studies, tissue and serum levels of lycopene, a carotenoid available from tomatoes, have been found to be inversely related to risk of coronary heart disease. A study was undertaken to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of lycopene on LDL oxidation in 19 healthy human subjects. Dietary lycopene was provided using tomato juice, spaghetti sauce, and tomato oleoresin for a period of 1 wk each. Blood samples were collected at the end of each treatment. Serum lycopene was extracted and measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography using an absorbance detector. Serum LDL was isolated by precipitation with buffered heparin, and thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) and conjugated dienes (CD) were measured to estimate LDL oxidation. Both methods, to measure LDL oxidation LDL‐TBARS and LDL‐CD, were in good agreement with each other. Dietary supplementation of lycopene significantly increased serum lycopene levels by at least twofold. Although there was no change in serum cholesterol levels (total, LDL, or high‐density lipoprotein), serum lipid peroxidation and LDL oxidation were significantly decreased. These results may have relevance for decreasing the risk for coronary heart disease.
Effects of feeding Lunaria oil rich in nervonic and erucic acids on the fatty acid compositions of sphingomyelins from erythrocytes, liver, and brain of the quaking mouse mutant
Authors: Cook Claire , Barnett Joan , Coupland Keith , Sargent John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFeeding an oil from Lunaria biennis rich in 22∶1n−9 and 24∶1n−9 to homozygous quaking (qk.qk) mice caused a large increase in the percentage of 24∶1n−9 and corresponding decreases in the percentage of 24∶0 and 22∶0 in sphingomyelins from liver, erythrocytes, and milk. Brain sphingomyelin from 2‐wk‐old qk.qk pups born to qk.qk mothers maintained on the Lunaria oil had essentially normal percentage of 24∶1n−9 and 18∶0, in contrast to pups born to mothers maintained on a control oil rich in 18∶1n−9 whose brain sphingomyelin had a markedly reduced percentage of 24∶1n−9 and an increased percentage of 18∶0. After 2 wk and up to and beyond weaning, the qk.qk pups from Lunaria‐fed mothers weaned on to the Lunaria diet had a markedly decreased percentage of 24∶1n−9 in their brain sphingomyelin, accompanied by an increased percentage of 18∶0, as compared to heterozygous quaking mice. However, the percentage of 24∶1n−9 in brain sphingomyelin in qk.qk pups weaned on to the Lunaria diet continued throughout this period (2–8 wk postbirth) to be significantly higher than in qk.qk pups weaned on to the control diet. We conclude that dietary 24∶1n−9 influences the fatty acid composition of brain sphingomyelin in qk.qk mice, but only via the mother in pre‐ or early postnatal animals. We further consider that the dietary effects may be elicited mainly in the sphingomyelin of nonmyelinated brain cells, and that the nervonic acid in myelin sphingomyelin may be formed mainly by chain elongation in oligodendrocytes from shorter chain fatty acid precursors.
Antioxidant N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine inhibits erythropoietin‐induced differentiation of erythroid progenitors derived from mouse fetal liver
Authors: Nagata Makiko , Arimitsu Nagisa , Ito Takahiro , Sekimizu Kazuhisa 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo determine the role of reactive oxygen species in erythroid differentiation, we investigated the effects of an antioxidant, N‐acetyl‐l‐cysteine (NAC), on the differentiation of erythroid progenitors derived from mouse fetal liver. In response to erythropoietin (Epo), erythroid progenitors undergo differentiation in vitro and express erythroid‐specific genes such as βmajor‐globin, Alas2, MafK, p45, Eklf, and Gata1. Expression of these genes was decreased in the presence of NAC, whereas the expression of c‐myb, which is downregulated during erythroid differentiation, remained constant. Moreover, NAC treatment inhibited an increase in the number of cells expressing high levels of erythroid‐specific antigen TER119. Treatment with another antioxidant, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, also caused the attenuation of TER119 expression. These results suggest that reactive oxygen species are involved in Epo‐mediated erythroid differentiation.
Impact of chronic pain on everyday physical activity⋆
Authors: van den Berg‐Emons Rita J. , Schasfoort Fabiënne C. , de Vos Leonard A. , Bussmann Johannes B. , Stam Henk J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAlthough patients with chronic pain are often considered to have reduced levels of everyday physical activity, data on their activity levels are scarce and inconclusive. Therefore, this study explored whether patients with chronic pain have reduced activity levels, as objectively measured with an activity monitor. The activity monitor is based on long‐term ambulatory monitoring of signals from body‐fixed accelerometers during everyday life, aimed at assessment of mobility‐related activities. Measurements with the monitor were performed during a weekday (24h) in 18 patients with chronic pain and compared with measurements obtained from 18 gender and age matched healthy comparison subjects.The mean (SD) age of the patients was 44 (11) years, and the mean (SD) duration of their complaints was 8 (7) years. Compared with the healthy subjects, the duration of dynamic activities was not significantly reduced (p=0.10) in the patient group. Mean (SD) intensity of everyday physical activity was lower (p=0.03) in the patients than in the healthy comparison subjects (0.021 [0.006] g versus 0.026 [0.004] g), and patients spent more time lying down (47.0 [10.2]% versus 34.3 [5.6] %; p=0.000) and less time sitting (29.2 [8.9]% versus 36.4 [9.3]%; p=0.03) than the healthy comparison subjects.In spite of significant differences between patients and healthy comparison subjects for some aspects of the activity pattern (which may reflect pain behaviour), the impact of chronic pain on everyday physical activity was relatively small.
DETERMINANTS OF ADOLESCENT PREGNANCY IN AN URBAN AREA IN TURKEY: A POPULATION-BASED CASE-CONTROL STUDY
Authors: GÖKÇE BIRSEN , ÖZŞAHIN AYSUN , ZENCIR MEHMET 
Published: November 2006

Summary.The aim of this study was to determine the degree to which socioeconomic status is a risk factor for first birth at age 19 or younger in married women in an urban area of Turkey. The research was a population-based case-control study. The study group comprised all married and pregnant women aged 15–19 (adolescent pregnancies) attending primary care centres (144 subjects). Married women between 20 and 29 years of age, experiencing their first pregnancy (adult pregnancies), were determined as the control group (144 subjects). A questionnaire was completed for each subject during face-to-face interviews. Adolescent pregnancy was more frequent in women from families with a low socioeconomic status, as determined by occupation (class) and income; both were associated with adolescent pregnancy. Multiple logistic regression analysis identified seven factors associated with adolescent pregnancy: exposure to violence within the family prior to marriage; families partially opposed or unopposed to adolescent marriage; secondary school or lower education level; lack of social security; living in houses in which the number of persons per room was over 1; unemployed women; and having sisters with a history of adolescent pregnancy.
Fabrication of Artificial Endothelialized Tubes with Predetermined Three‐Dimensional Configuration from Flexible Cell‐Enclosing Alginate Fibers
Authors: Takei Takayuki , Sakai Shinji , Yokonuma Toru , Ijima Hiroyuki , Kawakami Koei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOne possible strategy for creating three‐dimensional (3D) tissue‐engineered organs in vitro is to develop a vasculature for sufficient transport of oxygen and nutrients within these constructs. Here, we describe a novel technique to fabricate endothelialized tubes with predetermined 3D configuration, as a starting point for self‐developing capillary‐like networks in vitro. Calcium‐alginate hydrogel fibers of ca. 250 and 500 μm in diameter, enclosing bovine carotid artery vascular endothelial cells (BECs), were used as templates for endothelialized tubes. Fibers were prepared by extruding a 2% (w/v) sodium alginate solution containing BECs into a 100 mM calcium chloride solution flowing in the same direction. Fibers were embedded in type I collagen gels and enzymatically degraded by alginate lyase, resulting in channels with predetermined 3D configuration filled with a BEC suspension. Cells attached to and covered the surfaces of the channels. Exposing the cells to medium containing basic fibroblast growth factor resulted in their migration into the ambient collagen gel and self‐assembly into capillary‐like structures. These results demonstrate that using artificial endothelialized tubes with predetermined 3D configuration, as a starting point for a self‐developing capillary‐like network, could be potentially useful for constructing 3D tissue‐engineered organs.
JEAN GENET'S QUEER ORIGINS: A READING OF
QUERELLE DE BREST
Authors: Kollias Hector 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

This article engages with debates in queer theory by attempting to look beyond the dominant trend of constructionism and interrogating the possibility of queer origins in the work of Jean Genet. In a reading of his novel
Querelle de Brest
, I seek to demonstrate that queer is located less in the self-assumption of subjectivity and more in the act of queer sex bestowing its agents with a series of metonymically substitutable role positions. Utilizing resources from psychoanalysis, I argue that Genet's novel is not a homophobic fantasy but rather an empowering narrative whose focus on betrayal can be aligned with the psychoanalytic notion of perversion as disavowal, allowing both Genet to be recognized as a salutary queer writer, and psychoanalysis to be wrested from the hostility with which it is received in queer-theoretical circles.
ROUND UP THE USUAL SUSPECTS: THE SEARCH FOR AN IDEOLOGY IN
LA PRINCESSE DE CLÈVES
Authors: Campbell John 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

This article considers various attempts to identify a clear structure of ideas, and their philosophical antecedents, in
La Princesse de Clèves
. These attempts arise naturally from the wide variations in interpretation that result from this novel's ambiguities. Many critics have made sense of the heroine's rejection of the man she loves by placing it in a religious framework, with roots in Augustinian/Jansenist thought, and thus in Neoplatonism. The influence of neo-Stoicism is also evident, for example in the mother's teaching and in her daughter's resistance to passion. However, these two currents of thought offer irreconcilable perspectives on free will. The situation is further complicated by the existence of an Epicurean dimension, in the value placed on prudence and on the retreat from emotional strife. Another element is Pyrrhonism, with its emphasis on the fragile basis of opinions and convictions. None of these ideologies offer an entirely persuasive explanation, yet they coexist uneasily. The difficulty of picking out totally convincing candidates from this identity parade necessarily leaves critics of this novel with questions as to the identity of our own hermeneutic endeavour.
Oral rabeprazole vs. intravenous pantoprazole: a comparison of the effect on intragastric pH in healthy subjects
Authors: ARMSTRONG D. , JAMES C. , CAMACHO F. , CHEN Y. , HORBAY G. L. A. , TEIXEIRA B. , HUSEIN‐BHABHA F. A. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryBackgroundIntravenous pantoprazole is often administered inappropriately to hospitalized patients who can take oral medications.AimTo compare the antisecretory effects of oral rabeprazole and intravenous pantoprazole in healthy subjects.MethodsIn a double‐blind, double‐dummy, two‐way crossover study, 38 Helicobacter pylori‐negative volunteers were randomized to oral rabeprazole 20 mg or intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg daily for 3 days followed, after a 14‐day washout period by the comparator treatment. Intragastric pH was recorded continuously for 24 h at baseline and on days 1 and 3 of each treatment period.ResultsThe mean (95% CI) percentage of the 24‐h recording with gastric pH >4 was higher with rabeprazole than with pantoprazole on day 1: 37.7% (30.6–44.8%) vs. 23.9% (20.0–27.8). The mean percentage times with pH >3 and >4 for all intervals assessed were greater and the median 24‐h intragastric pH values were higher with rabeprazole than with pantoprazole on days 1 and 3. The mean acidity index was lower with rabeprazole on days 1 and 3.ConclusionsOral rabeprazole 20 mg produced greater acid suppression than intravenous pantoprazole 40 mg. Therefore, it may be an appropriate and effective alternative in patients who can take oral medication.
Aliskiren, a novel orally effective renin inhibitor, exhibits similar pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Japanese and Caucasian subjects
Authors: Vaidyanathan Sujata , Jermany Joanne , Yeh ChingMing , Bizot Marie‐Noelle , Camisasca Riccardo 
Published: November 2006

AimsAliskiren is the first in a new class of orally effective renin inhibitors for the treatment of hypertension. This study compared the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of aliskiren in Japanese and Caucasian subjects.MethodsIn this open‐label, single‐centre, parallel‐group, single‐ and multiple‐dose study, 19 Japanese and 19 Caucasian healthy young male subjects received a single 300‐mg oral dose of aliskiren on day 1 and then aliskiren 300 mg once daily on days 4–10. Blood samples were collected for the measurement of plasma aliskiren concentration, plasma renin concentration (PRC) and plasma renin activity (PRA).ResultsPharmacokinetic parameters were comparable in Japanese and Caucasian subjects following administration of a single dose of aliskiren {ratio of geometric means: Cmax 1.12 [90% confidence interval (CI) 0.88, 1.43]; AUC0−72 h 1.19 [90% CI 1.02, 1.39]} and at steady state [mean ratio: Cmax 1.30 (90% CI 1.00, 1.70); AUC0–τ 1.16 (90% CI 0.95, 1.41)]. There was no notable difference in the plasma half‐life of aliskiren between Japanese and Caucasian groups (29.7 ± 10.2 h and 32.0 ± 6.6 h, respectively). At steady state, peak PRC level and AUC for the concentration–time plot were not significantly different between Japanese and Caucasian subjects (P = 0.64 and P = 0.80, respectively). A single oral dose of aliskiren significantly reduced PRA to a similar extent in Japanese and Caucasian subjects (by 87.5% and 85.7%, respectively, compared with baseline; P < 0.01). Aliskiren was well tolerated by both ethnic groups.ConclusionsThe oral renin inhibitor aliskiren demonstrated similar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties in Japanese and Caucasian subjects.
Optimization of chapatti textural quality using British wheat cultivar flours
Authors: Salim‐ur‐rehman  , Paterson Alistair , Piggott John Raymond 
Published: November 2006

SummaryBlending of British hard and soft wheats was explored using Fresco and Galahad, respectively, in an optimization of textural chapatti quality. For acceptability to consumers, chapatti dough should be extensible with limited recoil from the final sheet and produce breads with appropriate textural characteristics. A simple mixture design, employing rheological and viscoelastic studies, was used to establish an appropriate range of flour contents. Then, a shorter range in an optimization phase to define mixtures was applied. Texture softness of chapatti was evaluated through sensory and instrumental analyses at 3, 12 and 24 h of ambient storage. Dough of 33% Fresco and 67% Galahad composite flour had low shrinkage after sheeting and yielded chapattis sensory score high for texture softness, well correlated with instrumental data. The two‐phase experimental design produced a template for blending of flours for chapatti production.
Cephalaria syriaca addition to wheat flour dough and effect on rheological properties
Authors: Murat Karaoğlu Mehmet 
Published: November 2006

SummaryWhole Cephalaria syriaca flour (WCSF), defatted C. syriaca flour (DCSF) and C. syriaca oil (CSO) were added to a medium strength wheat flour (WF). These were used to replace 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% and 3% of WF. The effects of WCSF, DCSF and CSO supplementation on rheological properties of dough were investigated. Overall, dough rheological characteristics improved with the addition of above‐mentioned C. syriaca products, and the effect was greater with WCSF and DCSF. Greater‐positive effects were observed in the extensograph characteristics at higher levels of supplementation than farinograph characteristics. The softness value and dough elasticity significantly (P < 0.05) increased as the C. syriaca products level increased; however, water absorption and dough stability decreased. As the level of WCSF and especially DCSF increased, maximum resistance to extension, area (energy) and ratio number increased and extensibility decreased. C. syriaca products increased dough resistance at least as good as an oxidising agent or more than those. The addition of DCSF at 1.5% level increased the maximum resistance to extension of dough and area (energy) from about 142 to 1000 BU and from 39 to 144 cm2, respectively.
Effect of baking procedure and storage on the pasting properties and staling of part‐baked and rebaked wheat bran bread
Authors: Karaoğlu Mehmet Murat 
Published: November 2006

SummaryWheat bran breads were part‐baked for 10, 15, 20 min at 230°C, with and without calcium propionate (0.2%), stored at refrigerator temperature (4°C) for 7, 14, 21 days and wrapped with two polyethylene bags. After storage, part‐baked and rebaked breads were subjected to volume, water activity and softness analysis, and pasting properties of bread crumb were determined using the Brabender amylograph. Addition of calcium propionate decreased pasting temperature and water activity of crumb of bran bread, while the bump area and viscosity values increased. The increase of initial baking time resulted in a decrease of pasting temperature, water activity and softness value, and in an increase of the bump area, viscosity and volume yield of the rebaked bran bread crumb. Pasting temperature, volume yield, water activity and softness value of crumb of the rebaked bran bread decreased with longer (intermediate storage) time. Pasting temperature, bump area and water activity significantly correlated with softness of bread crumb. The rebaking process of bran bread, which was part‐baked for 10 min and stored for 7 and 14 days at refrigerator temperature, resulted in a softer crumb than in the control group.
Textural and sensory quality enhancement of sorghum tuwo
Authors: Bolade Mathew K. , Buraimoh Moriamo S. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe study was focused on the improvement of textural and sensory qualities of sorghum tuwo by the use of hydrothermal treatment in modifying the physicochemical properties of sorghum grains. Flour was obtained from sorghum grains subjected to hydrothermal treatments at temperatures ranging between 65 and 95 °C for varying time intervals of 30, 45 and 60 min respectively. Flours obtained through the hydrothermal processes were found to be greatly affected in both pasting and functional properties as well as in flour yield when compared with flour obtained through the traditional processing methods. The sensory evaluation on sorghum tuwo prepared showed that a particular tuwo sample, D1 (from flour whose grains were hydrothermally treated at 95 ± 1 °C for 30 min), was rated highest in comparison with that from traditionally produced flour in terms of taste, texture (mouldability) and overall acceptability.