bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paternal exposure to ethylnitrosourea results in transgenerational genomic instability in mice
Authors: Dubrova Yuri E. , Hickenbotham Peter , Glen Colin D. , Monger Karen , Wong Hiu‐Pak , Barber Ruth C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecent data shows that the effects of ionizing radiation are not restricted to the directly exposed parental germ cells, but can also manifest in their nonexposed offspring, resulting in elevated mutation rates and cancer predisposition. The mechanisms underlying these transgenerational changes remain poorly understood. One of the most important steps in elucidating these mechanisms is to investigate the initial cellular events that trigger genomic instability. Here we have analyzed the effects of paternal treatment by ethylnitrosourea, an alkylating agent which is known to form specific types of DNA adducts, on the transgenerational effects in the first‐generation (F1) offspring of exposed CBA/Ca and BALB/c male mice. Mutation rates at two expanded simple tandem repeat loci were significantly elevated in the F1 germline of both strains. Pre and postmeiotic exposures resulted in similar increases in mutation rate in the F1 germline. Within each strain mutation rates were equally elevated in the germline of male and female F1 offspring of the directly exposed males. The results of our study suggest that transgenerational instability is not attributed to a specific sub‐set of DNA lesions, such as double strand breaks, and is most probably triggered by a stress‐like response to a generalized DNA damage. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving dose selection and identification of aneugens in the in vitro chromosome aberration test by integration of flow cytometry‐based methods
Authors: Muehlbauer Paula A. , Spellman Richard A. , Gunther William C. , Sanok Kelley E. , Wiersch Claudia J. , O'Lone Susan D. , Dobo Krista L. , Schuler Maik J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPreviously, this laboratory reported on the development of a flow cytometry‐based method that automates the assessment of the mitotic index (MI) and numerical chromosome changes in chemically treated cultures of human lymphocytes [Muehlbauer PA and Schuler MJ, 2003, 2005]. With this method, testing design can easily include numerous well‐spaced doses to better define the shape of MI dose response curves. In addition, the hypodiploid, hyperdiploid, and polyploid mitotic populations are available simultaneously to determine the biological relevance of polyploidy effects during the conduct of the assay. The current work describes the integration of this flow cytometry‐based method into the routine conduct of good laboratory practice structural chromosome aberration assays in vitro, and discusses improvements in evaluating cytotoxicity and polyploidy endpoints. Additional methods for simultaneous assessment of cell death (sub‐G1 DNA) are shown in combination with the MI to provide a more complete evaluation of cytotoxic conditions. A total of 30 pharmaceutical compounds were assayed in compliance with Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. The inclusion of numerous well‐spaced doses improved high dose selection and resulted in fewer high dose artifacts. Only 1 compound in 30 produced a positive response in structural aberrations. In comparison, polyploidy induction was observed in 22 of 30 (73%) compounds, with no apparent increases in numerical chromosomal aberrations. These studies show that flow cytometry‐based methods can be used to better characterize cytotoxicity dose–response relationships and improve the detection of aneugens. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Concentration changes to counteract the effects of bacteriological sampling on PLT yields
Authors: Burgstaler Edwin A. , Mako Amy M. , Winters Jeffrey L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntroduction: Bacterial culturing of apheresis platelet (PLT) units appeared to increase the incidence of low yield products of <3.0 × 1011 PLT (LYP) and decrease the incidence of multiple PLT products. To determine the effects of sampling and subsequent modifications in collections on PLT yield and adverse reactions, a retrospective analysis was performed. Methods: Four time periods were examined: baseline, after sampling implementation, after concentration change (Conc. Δ) implementation, and after concentration and yield target change (Target + Conc. Δ) implementation. Collections were performed on the Gambro Trima Accel. PLT concentration settings were changed from 1,550 to 1,200 (single and double PLT products) or 1,610 to 1,500 (triple PLT products). A 3.2 × 1011 target was eliminated and a 9.4 × 1011 target added. Results: Donors in all groups were comparable. Average incidence of LYP per week was significantly higher for Sampling (8.1%) than Baseline (2.0%) and declined significantly in the Conc. Δ (3.4%) and Target + Conc. Δ (2.0%) groups. Average PLT products/donor per week for Sampling (1.7) was significantly lower than Baseline (1.8), equivalent to Conc. Δ (1.7), and significantly lower than Target + Conc. Δ (1.9). Average weekly incidence of triple PLT products was significantly higher for Target + Conc. Δ (17%) compared with Baseline (12.4%), Sampling (10.7%), and Conc. Δ (10.8%). Donor reaction incidence was not significantly different among the groups. There was no change in recipient reactions. Conclusions: The use of a yield target change and PLT concentration reduction compensated for changes associated with bacterial culturing without increasing donor or recipient reactions. J. Clin. Apheresis, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Transforming Viruses on Molecular Mechanisms Associated With Cancer
Authors: Dayaram Tajhal , Marriott Susan J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractViruses have been linked to approximately 20% of all human tumors worldwide. These transforming viruses encode viral oncoproteins that interact with cellular proteins to enhance viral replication. The transcriptional and post‐transcriptional effects of these viral oncoproteins ultimately result in cellular transformation. Historically, viral research has been vital to the discovery of oncogenes and tumor suppressors with more current research aiding in unraveling some mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Interestingly, since transforming viruses affect some of the same pathways that are dysregulated in human cancers, their study enhances our understanding of the multistep process of tumorigenesis. This review will examine the cellular mechanisms targeted by oncogenic human viruses and the processes by which these effects contribute to transformation. In particular, we will focus on three transforming viruses, human T‐cell leukemia virus type‐I, hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus. These viruses all encode specific oncogenes that promote cell cycle progression, inhibit DNA damage checkpoint responses and prevent programmed cell death in an effort to promote viral propagation. While the transforming properties of these viruses are probably unintended consequences of replication strategies, they provide excellent systems in which to study cancer development. J. Cell. Physiol. 216: 309–314, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large retroperitoneal schwannoma mimicking a cystic ovarian mass in a patient with Hansen's disease
Authors: Surendrababu Narayanam R.S. , Cherian Sucy Rekha , Janakiraman Rajinikanth , Walter Noel 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe present a rare case of retroperitoneal cystic schwannoma of the pelvis in a patient with Hansen's disease that mimicked an ovarian cyst. Due to economic constraints and because the lesion was assumed to be of ovarian origin, the patient did not undergo any cross‐sectional imaging other than sonography. Sonographically guided fine needle aspiration of the cystic lesion was inconclusive. A cystic schwannoma was diagnosed at laparotomy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008.
The effects of free amino acids, nucleic compounds, and volatile constituents of funazushi (fermented sushi of crucian carp (Cyprinus auratus)) on preference
Authors: Kubo Kaori M. , Ogawa Yukari , Horikoshi Masako 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Funazushi is a fermented sushi containing n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Moreover, the functionality of lactic acid fermentation foods has come to be expected. Funazushi is therefore worthy of study. Funazushi has a specific flavor which is either strongly liked or strongly disliked. We examined the components of funazushi and investigated their relation to preference.RESULTS: Many free amino acids with sweetness and/or umami were present in funazushi, but nucleic compounds were scarce as taste elements. Twelve kinds of volatile elements were detected in all samples, which were thought to form the basis of the flavor of funazushi, although a total of 30 or more kinds of volatile elements were detected from each sample. The smell greatly influenced the overall evaluation. Panelists who had not eaten funazushi before, or only rarely, showed a tendency to prefer the same sample, from which ketones, aldehydes, or acids did not volatilize so much. On the other hand, individual variation was large among panels who commonly ate funazushi.CONCLUSION: The smell and sourness of funazushi greatly influenced preference, especially in persons who had little experience of eating funazushi. Funazushi containing low ketone, aldehyde, or acid levels is suitable for the first eating experience. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Correlation of histological findings of single session Er:YAG skin fractional resurfacing with various passes and energies and the possible clinical implications
Authors: Trelles Mario A. , Vélez Mariano , Mordon Serge 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesAblative fractional resurfacing shows promise for skin resurfacing and tightening and also to improve treatment of epidermal and dermal pigmentary disorders. This study aimed at determining any correlation between epidermal ablation and effects on the dermis when using an Er:YAG laser in ablative fractional resurfacing mode.Materials and MethodsTen female subjects participated in the study, mean age 52 years, Skin phototypes: 1 Fitzpatrick type II; 8 type III and 1 type IV. The degree of wrinkles (Glogau scale II or III) was similar in all cases. The laser used was the Pixel Er:YAG system (Alma Laser™, Israel) which delivers the laser beam via a hand‐piece equipped with a beam splitter to divide the 2,940 nm beam into various microbeams of 850 µm in diameter in an 11 mm×11 mm treatment area. Using a constant energy of 1,400 mJ/cm2, on a test area of 4 cm×2 cm. Two, 4, 6, and 8 passes on the preauricular area of the face were evaluated immediately after treatment. In all cases, the handpiece was kept in the same position, and rotated slightly around its perpendicular axis between passes, then moved on to the next spot. Biopsies were performed and tissue samples were routinely processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E).ResultsNo patient reported any noticeable discomfort, even at 8 passes. The histological findings revealed that, independent of the degree of the wrinkles, more laser passes produced more ablative removal of the epidermis. Residual thermal damage (RTD) with 2 laser passes was not observed but with 4 and 6 passes increased thermal effects and vacuole formation in the epidermal cells were noticed. With 8 laser passes, total epidermal removal was seen together with frank RTD‐related changes in the upper part of the papillary dermis.ConclusionIn this study, we have demonstrated that high density fractional Er:YAG laser energy in a single session with multiple passes targeted not only the skin surface with elimination of the epidermis, but could also achieve heat deposition in the upper dermis. When performing ablative fractional resurfacing with an Er:YAG laser, treatment of varying degrees of damage could be achieved by varying the number of passes. Laser Surg. Med. 40:174–177, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
3D finite element model of aqueous outflow to predict the effect of femtosecond laser created partial thickness drainage channels
Authors: Chai Dongyul , Chaudhary Gautam , Mikula Eric , Sun Hui , Juhasz Tibor 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesPartial thickness drainage channels can be created with femtosecond lasers in the translucent sclera for the potential treatment of glaucoma. We present a 3D finite element model (FEM) that can predict the effect of these channels on aqueous humor (AH) outflow and intraocular pressure (IOP).Study Design/Materials and MethodsA 3D model was developed based on a 2D model for the intact eye using COMSOL (Comsol, Inc., MA) finite element software. Different values of permeability were entered into the 3D model for the AH pathway and for the partial thickness channel. To obtain experimental data for model validation, one partial thickness channel was created in each of three enucleated rabbit eyes with a femtosecond laser tuned to 1.7 µm wavelength. Aqueous outflow rates were measured with the perfusion method before and after the laser treatments at different levels of IOP and then compared to IOP values predicted by the model.ResultsThe experiments indicated that the rate of the AH outflow was increased in each of three eyes after the laser treatment. Assuming a constant rate of AH production the 3D model predicted IOP reductions ranging from 67.2% to 80.6% as the effect of the laser created channels. These predictions were in reasonable agreement with experimentally adjusted IOP values during the perfusion measurements.ConclusionsThe developed 3D FEM has the potential to predict IOP reduction caused by partial thickness drainage channels created with the femtosecond laser in the sclera. Such a model may also be used to determine optimal channel dimensions for a specified increase in outflow facility and reduction in IOP. Laser Surg. Med. 40:188–195, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effect of chemical and/or mechanical conditioning on the Er:YAG laser‐treated root cementum: Analysis of surface morphology and periodontal ligament fibroblast attachment
Authors: Maruyama Hiroaki , Aoki Akira , Sasaki Katia Miyuki , Takasaki Aristeo Atsushi , Iwasaki Kengo , Ichinose Shizuko , Oda Shigeru , Ishikawa Isao , Izumi Yuichi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study compared the surface morphology as well as the biocompatibility of dental root cementum treated with Er:YAG laser irradiation alone and with the laser irradiation followed by chemical and/or mechanical conditioning.Study Design/Materials and MethodsHealthy cementum plates were randomly assigned to the following control and treatment groups: (1) untreated control (C), (2) Er:YAG laser irradiation (L), (3) laser plus tetracycline HCl (TC) placement (L+TP), (4) laser plus TC burnishing (L+TB), (5) laser plus EDTA gel placement (L+EP), (6) laser plus EDTA gel burnishing (L+EB), (7) laser plus saline solution burnishing (L+SB), and (8) laser plus minocycline–HCl paste placement (L+MP). Specimens were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histological observation and attachment assay using periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts.ResultsThe laser irradiation produced a thin affected layer (5.7 µm thickness) with a superficial microstructure on the cementum surface. The characteristic microstructures of the lased surface were fragile and could be removed by chemical and/or mechanical conditioning treatments. The L+TB group exhibited marked exposure of collagen fibers after removal of the microstructures on the lased surface. The L+EP group presented a peculiar, smooth surface without exposure of collagen fibers and a uniform arrangement of spherical microparticles on the ultra‐high magnification of SEM. In cell attachment assay, the L+TB group exhibited the greatest number of attached cells among all the groups, followed by the L+EP, L+SB and control group. The laser alone group exhibited the lowest number of cells.ConclusionsThe characteristic microstructure of the root cementum surface after Er:YAG laser irradiation has a tendency to hinder the early attachment of PDL cells. However, chemical and/or mechanical root conditioning treatment may improve and increase the biocompatibility of the Er:YAG laser‐treated root cementum by removing the microstructures of the surface and/or further exposing the collagen fibers. Laser Surg. Med. 40:211–222, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Remote access laboratories in applied mathematics
Authors: Heiliö Matti 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe cutting edge knowledge in the art of mathematical technology is located in dispersed nodes, research groups on applied mathematics, mathematical physics, scientific computing etc. The work often leads to development of software representing state‐of‐the‐art methods in the field. These environments are often experimental, under revisions, near the laboratory floor of on‐going research. This stage sometimes precedes the later development to actual products and commercialization.Web‐technologies are a viable media for innovative processes and knowledge transfer. In this article I draw attention to the possibility of creating added value for the knowledge repository of applied mathematics and computational methods via remote access software sharing. I present examples and refer to the obvious potential of this approach in the modern era of grid computing. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Some diffusion equations with finite propagation speed
Authors: Andreu F. , Caselles V. , Mazón J. M. , Moll S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe summarize some of our recent results on diffusion equations with finite speed of propagation. These equations have been introduced to correct the infinite speed of propagation predicted by the classical linear diffusion theory. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mathematical and numerical modeling of focal cerebral ischemia
Authors: Agostoni Elio , Perego Mauro , Veneziani Alessandro 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper concerns mathematical and numerical modelling of focal ischemia in tridimensional geometries. The proposed model includes a space dependent description of the blood dynamics assuming that the vascular tissue is a porous medium and a description of ion disorder and tissue damage rate caused by a reduction in the flow rate. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Double‐vacuum‐bag technology for volatile management in composite fabrication
Authors: Hou T.H. , Jensen B.J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA nonautoclave vacuum bag process using atmospheric pressure alone that eliminates the need for external pressure supplied normally by an autoclave or a press is an attractive method for composite fabrication. This type of process does not require large capital expenditures for tooling and processing equipment. The traditional single‐vacuum‐bag (SVB) process is best suited for molding epoxy matrix‐based composites because of their superior flow and the absence of reaction byproducts or other volatiles. This is not the case for other classes of materials such as polyimides and phenolics. Polyimides and phenolics are cured by condensation reactions which generate water as a reaction byproduct. In addition, these materials are commonly synthesized as oligomers using solvents to facilitate processability. Volatiles (solvents and reaction byproducts) management therefore becomes a critical issue. SVB molding, without additional pressure, normally fails to yield void‐free quality composites for these classes of resin systems. A double‐vacuum‐bag (DVB) process for volatile management in composite fabrication using common molding equipment was designed and built at the NASA Langley Research Center. This experimental DVB process affords superior volatiles management compared with the traditional SVB process. Void‐free composites are consistently fabricated as measured by C‐scan and optical photomicroscopy for high‐performance polyimide and phenolic resins. POLYM. COMPOS., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Effects of substituents on molecular devices
Authors: Tovar Roberto M. , Johnson Kyle P. , Ashline Keith , Seminario Jorge M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe current–voltage characteristics of small aliphatic chains of alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and oligophenylene‐ethylenes, with and without substituents and terminated in sulfur attached nanosized gold electrodes are determined using ab initio procedures for discrete and extended systems in a density functional theory‐Green function's approach where most of the chemistry is considered. It is found that the current–voltage characteristics of small molecules can be tailored by the addition of substituents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2008
Using stable isotopes to unravel and predict the origins of great cormorants (Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis) overwintering at Kinmen
Authors: Chang Yuan‐Mou , Hatch Kent A. , Ding Tzung‐Su , Eggett Dennis L. , Yuan Hsiao‐Wei , Roeder Beverly L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations and the World Organization for Animal Health have called for a better understanding of the role that migrating birds may play in spreading H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI). Bird banding, traditionally used in studies of migration, is limited by low recapture rates. Telemetry can only be applied to larger species and a limited number of birds. We show that analyses of multiple stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O and δD) can provide an understanding of the number of breeding populations represented at large congregations of wintering birds, probable locations of these breeding populations, and which breeding populations do not contribute migrants to a wintering site. As Asia is thought to be the origin of many HPAI strains and the center of their evolution, and as bird migration is poorly understood in this part of the world, we recommend that, in addition to banding, satellite, and VHF telemetry, the stable isotope analysis of migration patterns should become a part of long‐term surveillance studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.