bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumor‐specific genetic expression profile of metastatic oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Méndez Eduardo , Fan Wenhong , Choi Peter , Agoff S. Nicholas , Whipple Mark , Farwell D. Gregory , Futran Neal D. , Weymuller Ernest A. , Zhao Lue‐Ping , Chen Chu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground.Metastasis is the most important predictor of survival in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We tested the hypothesis that there is a genetic expression profile associated with OSCC metastasis.Methods.We obtained samples from 6 OSCC node‐positive primary tumors and their matched metastatic lymph nodes, and 5 OSCC node‐negative primary tumors. Using laser capture microdissection, we isolated OSCC cells from metastatic lymph nodes and compared them with those from matched primary tumors and unmatched node‐negative primary tumors using Affymetrix Human Genome Focus arrays.Results.Comparison of tumor cells from the lymph nodes with those from the unmatched, node‐negative primary tumors revealed differential expression of 160 genes. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis using this 160‐gene set showed that the node‐negative samples were distinguishable from both, node‐positive primary tumors and tumors in the lymph nodes. Many of the expression changes found in the metastatic cells from the lymph nodes were also found in the node‐positive primary tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis for transglutaminase‐3 and keratin 16 confirmed the differential genetic expression for these genes.Conclusion.These preliminary results suggest that there may be a metastatic gene expression profile present in node‐positive primary OSCC. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Application of quantum topological molecular similarity descriptors in QSPR study of the O‐methylation of substituted phenols
Authors: Hemmateenejad Bahram , Mohajeri Afshan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe usefulness of a novel type of electronic descriptors called quantum topological molecular similarity (QTMS) indices for describing the quantitative effects of molecular electronic environments on the O‐methylation kinetic of substituted phenols has been investigated. QTMS theory produces for each molecule a matrix of descriptors, containing bond (or structure) information in one dimension and electronic effects in another dimension, instead of other methods producing a vector of descriptors for each molecule. A collection of chemometrics tools including principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares (PLS), and genetic algorithms (GA) were used to model the structure‐kinetic data. PCA separated the bond and descriptor effects, and PLS modeled the effects of these parameters on the rate constant data, and GA selected the most relevant subset of variables. The model performances were validated by both cross‐validation and external validation. The results indicated that the proposed models could explain about 95% of variances in the rate constant data. The significant effects of variables on the reaction kinetic were identified by calculating variable important in projection (VIP). It was found that the rate constant of esterification of phenols is highly influenced by the electronic properties of the C2C1OH fragment of the parent molecule. Indeed, the C2X and C4X bonds (corresponding to ortho and para substituents) were found as highly influential parameters. All of the eight calculated QTMS indices were found significant however, λ1, λ2, λ3, ϵ, andK(r) were detected as highly influential parameters. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
A comparative study of some red‐ and blue‐shifted linear H‐bonded complexes of N2
Authors: McDowell Sean A. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBond length changes, harmonic vibrational frequency shifts, and changes in the proton magnetic shielding of HX and HKrX (X = F, Cl) on complexation with N2to form the linear red‐shifted N2… HX and linear blue‐shifted N2… HKrX complexes were determined byab initiocomputations, with and without counterpoise correction, at the SCF and MP2(full) levels of theory using a 6‐311++G(2d,2p) basis set. The MP2 computations agree with predictions from a perturbation theory model involving the first and second derivatives of the interaction energy with respect to displacement of the HX and HKr bond lengths from their equilibrium values in the isolated monomers. The theoretical results agree qualitatively with the experimentally observed frequency shifts, with near quantitative agreement for N2… HKrCl. The characteristic downfield shift of the isotropic proton magnetic resonance in the red‐shifted complexes was obtained, but for the blue‐shifted complexes, the proton NMR shifts to higher fields. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Algebraic multigrid Laplace solver for the extraction of capacitances of conductors in multi‐layer dielectrics
Authors: Sumant Prasad S. , Cangellaris Andreas C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the development of a robust multigrid, finite element‐based, Laplace solver for accurate capacitance extraction of conductors embedded in multi‐layer dielectric domains. An algebraic multigrid based on element interpolation is adopted and streamlined for the development of the proposed solver. In particular, a new, node‐based agglomeration scheme is proposed to speed up the process of agglomeration. Several attributes of this new method are investigated through the application of the Laplace solver to the calculation of the per‐unit‐length capacitance of configurations of parallel, uniform conductors embedded in multi‐layer dielectric substrates. These two‐dimensional configurations are commonly encountered as high‐speed interconnect structures for integrated electronic circuits. The proposed method is shown to be particularly robust and accurate for structures with very thin dielectric layers characterized by large variation in their electric permittivities. More specifically, it is demonstrated that for such geometries the proposed node‐based agglomeration systematically reduces the problem size and speeds up the iterative solution of the finite element matrix. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The stationary Boltzmann equation for a two‐component gas in the slab
Authors: Brull Stéphane 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe stationary Boltzmann equation for hard forces in the context of a two‐component gas is considered in the slab. An
L1 existence theorem is proved when one component satisfies a given indata profile and the other component satisfies diffuse reflection at the boundaries. Weak
L1 compactness is extracted from the control of the entropy production term. Trace at the boundaries are also controlled. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A note on backward errors for Toeplitz systems
Authors: Liu Xinguo , Chen Chaoxian 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates the relations between the structured backward error (SBE) and the partial structured backward error (P‐SBE), and the partial backward error (P‐BE) and the P‐SBE for a computed solution to general Toeplitz system. In particular, we show in some cases the P‐SBE for general Toeplitz system is usually a good estimate of the SBE. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consistent micro–macro transitions at large objective strains in curvilinear convective coordinates
Authors: Grytz R. , Meschke G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a computational homogenization scheme that is of particular interest for problems formulated in curvilinear coordinates. The main goal of this contribution is to generalize the computational homogenization scheme to a formulation of micro–macro transitions in curvilinear convective coordinates, where different physical spaces are considered at the homogenized macro‐continuum and at the locally attached representative micro‐structures. The deformation and the coordinate system of the micro‐structure are assumed to be coupled with the local deformation and the local coordinate system at a corresponding point of the macro‐continuum. For the consistent formulation of micro–macro transitions, the operations scale‐up and scale‐down are introduced, considering the rotated representation of tensor variables at the different physical reference frames of micro‐ and macro‐structure. The second goal of this paper is to use objective strain measures like the Green–Lagrange strain tensor for the solution
of boundary value problems on the micro‐ and macro‐scale by providing the required transformations for the work‐conjugate stress, strain and tangent tensors into variables admissible for the considered micro–macro transitions and satisfying the averaging theorem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive coupled arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian finite element and meshfree method for injection molding process
Authors: Li Xikui , Duan Qinglin , Han Xianhong , Sheng D. C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents an adaptive method that couples the finite element (FE) method and the meshfree (MF) method in the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) description for numerical simulation of injection molding processes. The ALE feature is used to accurately capture moving free surfaces of flow problems and, meanwhile, to alleviate mesh distortion and its influence on the accuracy and robustness of numerical solutions. Based on the continuous blending method, originally presented for properly imposing the essential boundary
conditions in MF methods, the coupled ALE FE and MF method is developed, to exploit the respective advantages of both FE and MF methods, but to avoid their respective weak points. The method features self‐adaptivity in view of the fact that moving free surfaces in an injection molding process are continuously advanced. The Pressure‐stabilized Fractional Step Algorithm, in which the modified version of the finite increment calculus process is extended to the coupled ALE FE and MF method, is used to solve incompressible Navier–Stokes equations governing the injected polymer flow, so that equal low‐order
u−p interpolations that violate the LBB condition can be effectively used. Numerical experiments demonstrate the significance and ability of the proposed method for numerical simulation of injection molding processes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid: low expression of NCAM (CD56) is associated with downregulation of VEGF‐D production by tumour cells
Authors: Scarpino S , Di Napoli A , Melotti F , Talerico C , Cancrini A , Ruco L 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe expression of NCAM was investigated in tissue sections of 61 cases of papillary carcinoma and in 14 lymph node metastases using immunohistochemistry. Tumour cells of 18 primary tumours were not stained, whereas in the remaining 43 cases, NCAM was expressed in less than 5% tumour cells. Similar results were obtained when NCAM expression was evaluated at the RNA level. Reduced expression of NCAM is an early event since 6/15 cases (40%) of micro‐carcinoma were NCAM‐negative. NCAM‐positive tumour cells were more often located at the invasion front of the tumour. It has been reported that NCAM expression may affect lymphangiogenesis. In tissue sections immunostained for podoplanin, it was found that lymphatic vessels were extremely rare inside the body of the tumour, and were mostly associated with foci of chronic inflammation and/or of reparative fibrosis. Lymphangiogenesis is sustained by VEGF‐C, VEGF‐D, and FGF2. Analysis of micro‐dissected samples of the tumour and of the paired normal thyroid tissue revealed that RNA transcripts for VEGF‐D were significantly less numerous in the tumour tissue (p = 0.001). The potential role of NCAM in tumour cell biology was investigated by silencing the NCAM gene in the TPC1 thyroid papillary carcinoma cell line. It was found that NCAM down‐regulation caused a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the expression of both VEGF‐C and VEGF‐D mRNAs. In addition, NCAM‐silenced TPC‐1 cells were more adhesive to different extracellular matrix components, and were less efficient in cell migration (59% reduction; p < 0.05) and invasiveness (68% reduction). These latter results confirm that modifications of NCAM expression cause profound alterations in the adhesive and migratory properties of tumour cells, but are in apparent discrepancy with the observation that loss of NCAM is usually associated with increased tumour invasiveness in vivo. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive medicine: incipient reality or fata morgana?
Authors: Dietel M 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe success of targeted therapy depends on reliable biomarkers that indicate the presence and accessibility of the target molecules with which the therapeutic drug will interact. In principle, this is independent of whether the drug is a small molecule, such as kinase inhibitors, or a therapeutic antibody, such as trastuzumab or cetuximab. The functional system of target–drug interaction is described as ‘predictive medicine’, one of the great hopes in the treatment of cancer. The major challenges are the precise prediction of the patient's individual prognosis, of the probability of metastases, and of individual therapeutic response. The questions, challenges, and possible answers related to this complex issue as well as the prerequisites for the development of more efficient and less toxic cancer therapy are discussed. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Disruption of hedgehog signalling in ApoE − /− mice reduces plasma lipid levels, but increases atherosclerosis due to enhanced lipid uptake by macrophages
Authors: Beckers L , Heeneman S , Wang L , Burkly LC , Rousch MMJ , Davidson NO , Gijbels MJJ , de Winther MPJ , Daemen MJAP , Lutgens E 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEmbryonic pathways are often re‐expressed in adult pathology. Here we investigated the role of the morphogen hedgehog (hh), which we found to be re‐expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Male ApoE − /− mice were treated for 12 weeks with an anti‐hh antibody (5E1) or a control IgG (1E6) starting at the age of 6 or 18 weeks. Inhibition of hh signalling induced a significant increase in total plaque area in the aortic arch, a result of an increase (54% and 36%, respectively) in the area of advanced plaques (atheromata). In mice treated with anti‐hh, plaques contained large (18–35% > ctrl), lipid‐filled, sometimes multinucleated macrophage foam cells. Plasma cholesterol levels decreased after anti‐hh treatment. In bone marrow‐derived macrophages, foam cell formation was enhanced after inhibition of hh signalling. Anti‐hh treatment caused a 54–75% increase in early oxLDL uptake (10–240 min), which was scavenger receptor‐mediated. After 3–24 h of oxLDL incubation, intense Oil red O staining as well as increased amounts of cholesterol esters were present in these macrophages after anti‐hh treatment. Activation of the HH‐signalling cascade by recombinant Shh induced a decrease in oxLDL uptake. Here we show that the hh‐signalling pathway is one of the morphogenic pathways that regulate plasma lipid levels and atherosclerosis development and progression. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The BCL6‐associated transcriptional co‐repressor, MTA3, is selectively expressed by germinal centre B cells and lymphomas of putative germinal centre derivation
Authors: Jaye DL , Iqbal J , Fujita N , Geigerman CM , Li S , Karanam S , Fu K , Weisenburger DD , Chan WC , Moreno CS , Wade PA 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMetastasis‐associated protein 3 (MTA3) is a recently described cell‐type specific component of the Mi‐2‐NURD transcriptional co‐repressor complex that is expressed in breast epithelia and germinal centre B cells. In model B cell lines, MTA3 physically interacts with BCL6 and appears to be instrumental in maintenance of the germinal centre B cell transcriptional programme that precludes premature plasmacytic differentiation. Here, we report selective, in situ cell‐type specific expression of MTA3 among lymphoid cells largely confined to the germinal centre B cell compartment. Centroblasts display greater expression than smaller, less proliferative centrocytes, with undetectable expression in quiescent plasma cells. Among B cell neoplasms, germinal centre B cell‐like lymphomas likewise exhibit selective expression that generally escalates with increasing proliferative capacity. MTA3 protein expression was, in accord, highly predictive of the germinal centre B cell‐like gene expression profile for diffuse large B cell lymphomas. Lastly, relative repression of a subset of known BCL6 targets, including BLIMP1 and p27kip1, was highest in diffuse large B cell lymphomas that co‐expressed both MTA3 and BCL6 protein. Together, these novel data suggest a role for MTA3 in BCL6‐mediated lymphomagenesis in germinal centre B cell‐like neoplasms. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of polymer‐grafted carbon black nanoparticles by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization
Authors: Yang Qiang , Wang Li , Xiang Wei‐dong , Zhou Jun‐feng , Tan Qiao‐hua 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPristine carbon black was oxidized with nitric acid to produce carboxyl group, and then the carboxyl group was consecutively treated with thionyl chloride and glycol to introduce hydroxyl group. The hydroxyl group on the carbon black surface was reacted with 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpropionyl bromide to anchor atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiator. The ATRP initiator on carbon black surface was verified by TGA, FTIR, EDS, and elemental analysis. Then, poly (methyl methacrylate) and polystyrene chains were respectively, grown from carbon black surface by surface‐initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI‐ATRP) using CuCl/2,2‐dipyridyl (bpy) as the catalyst/ligand combination at 110 °C in anisole. 1H NMR, TGA, TEM, AFM, DSC, and DLS were used to systemically characterize the polymer‐grafted carbon black nanoparticles. Dispersion experiments showed that the grafted carbon black nanoparticles had good solubilities in organic solvents such as THF, chloroform, dichloromethane, DMF, etc. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3451–3459, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of 4‐arm star side‐chain liquid crystalline polymers containing azobenzene with different terminal substituents via ATRP
Authors: Tang Xinde , Gao Longcheng , Han Nianfeng , Fan Xinghe , Zhou Qifeng 
Published: June 2007

Abstract4‐Arm star side‐chain liquid crystalline (LC) polymers containing azobenzene with different terminal substituents were synthesized by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Tetrafunctional initiator prepared by the esterification between pentaerythritol and 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide was utilized to initiate the polymerization of 6‐[4‐(4‐methoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate (MMAzo) and 6‐[4‐(4‐ethoxyphenylazo)phenoxy]hexyl methacrylate (EMAzo), respectively. The 4‐arm star side‐chain LC polymer with p‐methoxyazobenzene moieties exhibits a smectic and a nematic phase, while that with p‐ethoxyazobenzene moieties shows only a nematic phase, which derives of different terminal substituents. The star polymers have similar LC behavior to the corresponding linear homopolymers, whereas transition temperatures decrease slightly. Both star polymers show photoresponsive isomerization under the irradiation with UV–vis light. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3342–3348, 2007
Preparation of side‐on bisazobenzene‐containing homopolymers and block copolymers via ATRP and studies on their photoisomerization and photoalignment behaviors
Authors: Jin Ming , Lu Ran , Yang Qing Xin , Bao Chun Yan , Sheng Ren , Xu Ting Hua , Zhao YingYing 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe preparation of a series of novel homopolymers and copolymers containing bisazobenzene chromophores with side‐on structure in the side chains via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) were presented. UV–vis spectra of the thin films of these polymers under irradiation of 488 nm Ar+ laser suggested that the photoisomerization of the bisazobenzene chromophores happened mainly on one of the two azo groups in the bisazobenzene chromophores with similar probability due to their side‐on structure. Good photoalignment behaviors of these polymers were proved by photoinduced birefringence measurements because side‐on structure permitted the two azo groups in the bisazobenzene chromophores both participated in the trans–cis–trans photoisomerization cycles equally to induce the whole chromophore reorientation. Furthermore, the reorientation axis located at the middle of chromophore decreased the sweep volume during photoalignment. The impetus for this study was to evaluate the photoisomerization and photoalignment process of side‐on bisazobenzene‐containing polymers and to find possible applications in the photosensitive devices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3460–3472, 2007
White electroluminescence from a single polyfluorene containing bis‐DCM units
Authors: Kyu Lee Sang , Jung Byung‐Jun , Ahn Taek , Kwan Jung Young , Lee Jeong‐Ik , Kang In‐Nam , Lee Jonghee , Park Jong‐Hwa , Ku Shim Hong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of fluorene‐based copolymers composed of blue‐ and orange‐light‐emitting comonomers were synthesized through palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki coupling reactions. 9,9‐Dihexylfluorene and 2‐(2,6‐bis‐{2‐[1‐(9,9‐dihexyl‐9H‐fluoren‐2‐yl)‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroquinolin‐6‐yl]‐vinyl}‐pyran‐4‐ylidene)‐malononitrile (DCMF) were used as the blue‐ and orange‐light‐emitting chromophores, respectively. The resulting single polymers exhibited simultaneous blue (423/450 nm) and orange (580–600 nm) emissions from these two chromophores. By adjusting the fluorene and DCMF contents, white light emission could be obtained from a single polymer; a device with an ITO/PEDOT:PSS/polymer/Ca/Al configuration was found to exhibit pure white electroluminescence with Commission Internationale de L'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates of (0.33, 0.31), a maximum brightness of 1180 cd/m2, and a current efficiency of 0.60 cd/A. Furthermore, the white light emission of this device was found to be very stable with respect to variation of the driving voltage. The CIE coordinates of the device were (0.32, 0.29), (0.32, 0.29), and (0.33, 0.31) for driving voltages of 7, 8, and 10 V, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3380–3390, 2007
Pd (II)‐catalyzed vinyl addition polymerization of novel functionalized norbornene bearing dimethyl carboxylate groups
Authors: Liu Binyuan , Li Yang , Shin Boo‐Gyo , Yoon Do Yeung , Kim IL , Zhang Li , Yan Weidong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree novel functionalized polynorbornenes (PNB) with pendant dimethyl carboxylate group (carboxylates—acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are synthesized as a vinyl‐type with a palladium (II) catalyst in high yield. The effects of size of substitutents, molar ratio of monomer to catalyst, solvent polarity, reaction time, and temperature on the polymerization of exo‐norbornene dimethyl propionate were systematically investigated. The low molar ratio and temperature, as well as high polarity of solvent, and long reaction time, are favorable for the enhancement of the monomer conversion, especially, the solvent have an obvious effect on the catalyst activity. The resulting poly(cis‐norbornene‐exo‐2,3‐dimethyl carboxylates) (PNB‐dimethyl carboxylates) show good solubility in common organic solvent and high thermal stability up to 360 °C. The glass transition temperature was detected by DMA at 331, 324, and 318 °C for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3391–3399, 2007