bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue distribution of DNA-Hsp65/TDM-loaded PLGA microspheres and uptake by phagocytic cells
Authors: Trombone Ana Paula F , Silva Celio L , Almeida Luciana P , Rosada Rogerio S , Lima Karla M , Oliver Constance , Jamur Maria C , Coelho-Castelo Arlete AM 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
This study aimed to demonstrate that microspheres, used as delivery vehicle of DNA-Hsp65/TDM [plasmid DNA encoding heat shock protein 65 (Hsp65) coencapsulated with trehalose dimycolate (TDM) into PLGA microspheres], are widely spread among several organs after intramuscular administration in BALB/c mice. In general, we showed that these particles were phagocytosed by antigen presenting cells, such as macrophages and dendritic cells. Besides, it was demonstrated herein that draining lymph node cells presented a significant increase in the number of cells expressing costimulatory molecules (CD80 and CD86) and MHC class II, and also that the administration of the DNA-Hsp65/TDM and vector/TDM formulations resulted in the up-regulation of CD80, CD86 and MHC class II expression when compared to control formulations (vector/TDM and empty). Regarding the intracellular trafficking we observed that following phagocytosis, the microspheres were not found in the late endosomes and/or lysosomes, until 15 days after internalization, and we suggest that these constructions were hydrolysed in early compartments. Overall, these data expand our knowledge on PLGA [poly (lactic-co- glycolic acid)] microspheres as gene carriers in vaccination strategies, as well as open perspectives for their potential use in clinical practice.
Association with the origin recognition complex suggests a novel role for histone acetyltransferase Hat1p/Hat2p
Authors: Suter Bernhard , Pogoutse Oxana , Guo Xinghua , Krogan Nevan , Lewis Peter , Greenblatt Jack F , Rine Jasper , Emili Andrew 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background

Histone modifications have been implicated in the regulation of transcription and, more recently, in DNA replication and repair. In yeast, a major conserved histone acetyltransferase, Hat1p, preferentially acetylates lysine residues 5 and 12 on histone H4.

Results

Here, we report that a nuclear sub-complex consisting of Hat1p and its partner Hat2p interacts physically and functionally with the origin recognition complex (ORC). While mutational inactivation of the histone acetyltransferase (HAT) gene HAT1 alone does not compromise origin firing or initiation of DNA replication, a deletion in HAT1 (or HAT2) exacerbates the growth defects of conditional orc-ts mutants. Thus, the ORC-associated Hat1p-dependent histone acetyltransferase activity suggests a novel linkage between histone modification and DNA replication. Additional genetic and biochemical evidence points to the existence of partly overlapping histone H3 acetyltransferase activities in addition to Hat1p/Hat2p for proper DNA replication efficiency. Furthermore, we demonstrated a dynamic association of Hat1p with chromatin during S-phase that suggests a role of this enzyme at the replication fork.

Conclusion

We have found an intriguing new association of the Hat1p-dependent histone acetyltransferase in addition to its previously known role in nuclear chromatin assembly (Hat1p/Hat2p-Hif1p). The participation of a distinct Hat1p/Hat2p sub-complex suggests a linkage of histone H4 modification with ORC-dependent DNA replication.
Ankyrin repeat domain-encoding genes in the wPip strain of Wolbachia from the Culex pipiens group
Authors: Walker Thomas , Klasson Lisa , Sebaihia Mohammed , Sanders Mandy J , Thomson Nicholas R , Parkhill Julian , Sinkins Steven P 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background

Wolbachia are obligate endosymbiotic bacteria maternally transmitted through the egg cytoplasm that are responsible for several reproductive disorders in their insect hosts, such as cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in infected mosquitoes. Species in the Culex pipiens complex display an unusually high number of Wolbachia-induced crossing types, and based on present data, only the wPip strain is present.

Results

The sequencing of the wPip strain of Wolbachia revealed the presence of 60 ankyrin repeat domain (ANK) encoding genes and expression studies of these genes were carried out in adult mosquitoes. One of these ANK genes, pk2, is shown to be part of an operon of three prophage-associated genes with sex-specific expression, and is present in two identical copies in the genome. Another homolog of pk2 is also present that is differentially expressed in different Cx. pipiens group strains. A further two ANK genes showed sex-specific regulation in wPip-infected Cx. pipiens group adults.

Conclusion

The high number, variability and differential expression of ANK genes in wPip suggest an important role in Wolbachia biology, and the gene family provides both markers and promising candidates for the study of reproductive manipulation.
Ion channel diversity, channel expression and function in the choroid plexuses
Authors: Millar Ian D , Bruce Jason IE , Brown Peter D 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Knowledge of the diversity of ion channel form and function has increased enormously over the last 25 years. The initial impetus in channel discovery came with the introduction of the patch clamp method in 1981. Functional data from patch clamp experiments have subsequently been augmented by molecular studies which have determined channel structures. Thus the introduction of patch clamp methods to study ion channel expression in the choroid plexus represents an important step forward in our knowledge understanding of the process of CSF secretion.
Two K+ conductances have been identified in the choroid plexus: Kv1 channel subunits mediate outward currents at depolarising potentials; Kir 7.1 carries an inward-rectifying conductance at hyperpolarising potentials. Both K+ channels are localised at the apical membrane where they may contribute to maintenance of the membrane potential while allowing the recycling of K+ pumped in by Na+-K+ ATPase. Two anion conductances have been identified in choroid plexus. Both have significant HCO3
- permeability, and may play a role in CSF secretion. One conductance exhibits inward-rectification and is regulated by cyclic AMP. The other is carried by an outward-rectifying channel, which is activated by increases in cell volume. The molecular identity of the anion channels is not known, nor is it clear whether they are expressed in the apical or basolateral membrane. Recent molecular evidence indicates that choroid plexus also expresses the non-selective cation channels such as transient receptor potential channels (TRPV4 and TRPM3) and purinoceptor type 2 (P2X) receptor operated channels. In conclusion, good progress has been made in identifying the channels expressed in the choroid plexus, but determining the precise roles of these channels in CSF secretion remains a challenge for the future.
Computational cell model based on autonomous cell movement regulated by cell-cell signalling successfully recapitulates the "inside and outside" pattern of cell sorting
Authors: Maeda Takuya T , Ajioka Itsuki , Nakajima Kazunori 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Background
Development of multicellular organisms proceeds from a single fertilized egg as the combined effect of countless numbers of cellular interactions among highly dynamic cells. Since at least a reminiscent pattern of morphogenesis can be recapitulated in a reproducible manner in reaggregation cultures of dissociated embryonic cells, which is known as cell sorting, the cells themselves must possess some autonomous cell behaviors that assure specific and reproducible self-organization. Understanding of this self-organized dynamics of heterogeneous cell population seems to require some novel approaches so that the approaches bridge a gap between molecular events and morphogenesis in developmental and cell biology. A conceptual cell model in a computer may answer that purpose. We constructed a dynamical cell model based on autonomous cell behaviors, including cell shape, growth, division, adhesion, transformation, and motility as well as cell-cell signaling. The model gives some insights about what cellular behaviors make an appropriate global pattern of the cell population.

Results
We applied the model to "inside and outside" pattern of cell-sorting, in which two different embryonic cell types within a randomly mixed aggregate are sorted so that one cell type tends to gather in the central region of the aggregate and the other cell type surrounds the first cell type. Our model can modify the above cell behaviors by varying parameters related to them. We explored various parameter sets with which the "inside and outside" pattern could be achieved. The simulation results suggested that direction of cell movement responding to its neighborhood and the cell's mobility are important for this specific rearrangement.

Conclusion
We constructed an in silico cell model that mimics autonomous cell behaviors and applied it to cell sorting, which is a simple and appropriate phenomenon exhibiting self-organization of cell population. The model could predict directional cell movement and its mobility are important in the "inside and outside" pattern of cell sorting. Those behaviors are altered by signal molecules and consequently affect the global pattern of the cell sorting. Our model is also applicable to other developmental processes beyond cell sorting.
IL-33 induces IL-13 production by mouse mast cells independently of IgE-FcεRI signals
Authors: Ho Lien H , Ohno Tatsukuni , Oboki Keisuke , Kajiwara Naoki , Suto Hajime , Iikura Motoyasu , Okayama Yoshimichi , Akira Shizuo , Saito Hirohisa , Galli Stephen J , Nakae Susumu 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe IL-1-related molecules, IL-1 and IL-18, can promote Th2 cytokine production by IgE/antigen-FcεRI-stimulated mouse mast cells. Another IL-1-related molecule, IL-33, was identified recently as a ligand for T1/ST2. Although mouse mast cells constitutively express ST2, the effects of IL-33 on mast cell function are poorly understood. We found that IL-33, but not IL-1β or IL-18, induced IL-13 and IL-6 production by mouse bone marrow-derived, cultured mast cells (BMCMCs) independently of IgE. In BMCMCs incubated with the potently cytokinergic SPE-7 IgE without specific antigen, IL-33, IL-1β, and IL-18 each promoted IL-13 and IL-6 production, but the effects of IL-33 were more potent than those of IL-1β or IL-18. IL-33 promoted cytokine production via a MyD88-dependent but Toll/IL-1R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-β-independent pathway. By contrast, IL-33 neither induced nor enhanced mast cell degranulation. At 200 ng/ml, IL-33 prolonged mast cell survival in the absence of IgE and impaired survival in the presence of SPE-7 IgE, whereas at 100 ng/ml, IL-33 had no effect on mast cell survival in the absence of IgE and reduced mast cell survival in the presence of IgE. These observations suggest potential roles for IL-33 in mast cell- and Th2 cytokine-associated immune responses and disorders.
HCV core protein interaction with gC1q receptor inhibits Th1 differentiation of CD4+ T cells via suppression of dendritic cell IL-12 production
Authors: Waggoner Stephen N , Hall Caroline H T , Hahn Young S 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDendritic cells (DCs) isolated from patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection display an impaired capacity to generate type 1 CD4+ T cell immunity. Several reports have described an immunomodulatory function for the HCV core protein, and circulating core has been shown to associate with the putative gC1q receptor, gC1qR, expressed on host immune cells. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of HCV core-mediated DC dysfunction has not been defined. Herein, ligation of gC1qR on human monocyte-derived DCs (MDDCs) with HCV core or anti-gC1qR agonist antibody was shown to inhibit TLR-induced IL-12 production but not the production of other TLR-stimulated cytokines. Furthermore, engagement of gC1qR on MDDCs resulted in reduced IFN-γ secretion by allogeneic CD4+ T lymphocytes during mixed lymphocyte culture. Differentiation of CD4+ T cells cocultured with HCV core- or anti-gC1qR antibody-treated MDDCs was also skewed toward production of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4. Importantly, that addition of IL-12 rescued IFN-γ production and Th1 differentiation by CD4+ T cells. Therefore, engagement of gC1qR on DCs by HCV core limits the induction of Th1 responses and may contribute to viral persistence.
Laboratory Medicine: Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Bossuyt Xavier , Verweire Kurt , Blanckaert Norbert 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Technologic innovations have substantially improved the productivity of clinical laboratories, but the services provided by clinical laboratories are increasingly becoming commoditized. We reflect on how current developments may affect the future of laboratory medicine and how to deal with these changes. We argue that to be prepared for the future, clinical laboratories should enhance efficiency and reduce costs by forming alliances and networks; consolidating, integrating, or outsourcing; and more importantly, create additional value by providing knowledge services related to in vitro diagnostics.
MacLane functions with prescribed zeros and interpolation properties
Authors: Nieß Markus 
Published: September 2007

An entire function ϕ is called universal in the sense of MacLane (for short MacLane function) if for any preassigned entire functionIt is shown that for every appropriate choice of designated zeros in ℂ, there exists a MacLane function having zeros exactly in these points, of preassigned order. Moreover, there exist MacLane functions satisfying an interpolation problem in addition.
Heritability of Cold Tolerance in Red Drum
Authors: Ma Liang , Saillant Eric , Gatlin Delbert M. , Neill William H , Vega Robert R , Gold John R 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Heritability (h 2) of cold tolerance was estimated for red drum Sciaenops ocellatus, an economically important sciaenid fish in the southern USA. Nineteen families were generated via environmentally induced spawning of multiple sets of five broodfish (three dams × two sires) and were mixed in three common-garden replicate tanks for cold tolerance challenge. All offspring were assigned postmortem to parents based on genotypes at nuclear-encoded microsatellites. The cold tolerance trial was initiated when offspring were 230–251 d old (total length mean ± SD = 182 ± 26 mm). Temperature was decreased progressively from 25°C to 3°C over a 30-d period and was maintained at an average of 3.1°C until all fish expired. Mortality began when temperature reached 5°C. Cold tolerance of individual fish was quantified based on survival time and a cooling-degree-hours (CDH) index. The h 2of cold tolerance was estimated using an animal mixed model and a restricted maximum likelihood algorithm. The h 2 (mean ± SE) estimate was 0.32 ± 0.12 and indicated a significant genetic component to cold tolerance in red drum. Phenotypic correlations between cold tolerance and body weight or length were positive but low (0.18 and 0.23, respectively), suggesting that selective breeding for increased growth rate in red drum would not have a negative impact on cold tolerance in the selected strain.
Recreational Catch and Release: Resource Allocation between Commercial and Recreational Fishermen
Authors: Goodyear C. Phillip 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Maximizing catch rates and maximizing sustainable harvest are competing objectives for fisheries. In recreational fisheries, catch rate maximization may be the desired objective for species that are treasured more for their sporting value than for their harvest. This may be achieved through catch-and-release fishing, where there is no harvest. This objective, however, contrasts with management measures that require fish to be released because of size or season limits that constrain harvest to allowable catch levels and is not compatible with the management objective of obtaining maximum sustainable yield (MSY) as envisioned by many management institutions. These two objectives also conflict when commercial and recreational fisheries compete for the same resource. Partially, for this reason, many U.S. fisheries have been allocated entirely to the recreational sector (e.g., Atlantic sailfish Istiophorus platypterus, Atlantic blue marlin Makaira nigricans, white marlin Tetrapturus albidus, bonefish Albula vulpes, and tarpon Megalops atlanticus). Here, I apply a logistic surplus production model to an arbitrary fish stock to explore the potential benefits of recreational catch and release for a stock equally allocated to recreational and commercial sectors. The findings show that the stock will grow because of recreational releases if the commercial harvest is not allowed to increase beyond its MSY allocation. This results in higher sustainable catch rates for recreational anglers and a stable harvest for commercial fishers. This option would benefit both user groups.
Effects of Rearing Density and Structural Complexity on the Pre‐ and Postrelease Performance of Atlantic Salmon
Authors: Brockmark Sofia , Neregård Lena , Bohlin Torgny , Björnsson Björn Thrandur , Johnsson Jörgen I. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHatchery fish released for supplementation purposes often have difficulties adapting to wild conditions and, therefore, perform poorly in the wild. This can, at least partly, be explained by differences between hatchery and wild conditions. Our objective was to evaluate the effects of rearing density and structural complexity on the culture and postrelease performance of age‐0 Atlantic salmonSalmo salar. By using a 2 × 2 factorial design, we manipulated density (standard density and one‐third of standard density) and structure (standard rearing tanks with and without added rocks and plastic plants) in a conventional hatchery. After 3 months of rearing, 300 fish/treatment were individually tagged with passive integrated transponders, released in a nearby stream, and recaptured in late autumn (November) and summer (June). Fish not released were retained in the hatchery until smolting occurred during the next spring. In the stream, Atlantic salmon reared at reduced density grew faster during the first period after release, but there was no difference in June. The treatments had no effect on postrelease survival estimated by the recapture rates. In the hatchery, fish kept at low density with structure grew faster than conventionally reared fish. At smoltification, fish kept at low density had higher levels of insulin‐like growth factor I than those reared at standard density. Independent of size, fish kept at low density were more silvery (smolt‐like) and had a lower mortality rate than fish reared at high density. There was also a density effect on dorsal fin damage; Atlantic salmon at reduced density had less‐damaged fins than those at standard density. These results collectively indicate that reduced rearing density may be more important than structural complexity for improving postrelease performance of juvenile Atlantic salmon.
Variants in the Plasmacytoma Variant Translocation Gene (PVT1) Are Associated With End-Stage Renal Disease Attributed to Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Millis Meredith P. , Bowen Danielle , Kingsley Christopher , Watanabe Richard M. , Wolford Johanna K. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE— End-stage renal disease (ESRD) attributed to diabetes is strongly dependent on genetic factors. We previously reported association between variants in the plasmacytoma variant translocation gene (PVT1) and ESRD attributed to type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians. The objective of this study was to evaluate the extent to which these variants mediate susceptibility in other populations.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— We genotyped 24 markers showing the strongest evidence for association in Pima Indians in unrelated Caucasians with type 1 diabetes from the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes (GoKinD) study. The study sample was comprised of 531 case subjects with ESRD and 564 control subjects with diabetes duration &gt;20 years and a maximum urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio &lt;150 mg/g.
RESULTS— Markers rs13447075 (odds ratio [OR] 1.47 [95% CI 1.14–1.89] per copy of A allele; P = 0.003) and rs2648862 (2.66 [1.19–5.92] per copy of C allele; P = 0.008) were strongly associated with ESRD in analyses adjusting for age2, age3, duration of diabetes, and smoking status. We further identified a common haplotype containing the C allele at rs10808565 and the A allele at rs13447075 that was associated with ESRD (P = 0.003). PVT1 gene expression yields several isoforms, and rs13447075 is located within the coding region of one of these transcript variants. We identified expression of this isoform in four major human kidney cell types, including mesangial, cortical epithelial, epithelial, and proximal tubule cells.
CONCLUSIONS— These results are the first to provide confirmatory evidence supporting a role for PVT1 in mediating susceptibility to ESRD attributable to diabetes.
Local Nitric Oxide Synthase Inhibition Reduces Skeletal Muscle Glucose Uptake but Not Capillary Blood Flow During In Situ Muscle Contraction in Rats
Authors: Ross Renee M. , Wadley Glenn D. , Clark Michael G. , Rattigan Stephen , McConell Glenn K. 
Published: September 2007

OBJECTIVE—We have previously shown in humans that local infusion of a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor into the femoral artery attenuates the increase in leg glucose uptake during exercise without influencing total leg blood flow. However, rodent studies examining the effect of NOS inhibition on contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake have yielded contradictory results. This study examined the effect of local infusion of an NOS inhibitor on skeletal muscle glucose uptake (2-deoxyglucose) and capillary blood flow (contrast-enhanced ultrasound) during in situ contractions in rats.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Male hooded Wistar rats were anesthetized and one hindleg electrically stimulated to contract (2 Hz, 0.1 ms) for 30 min while the other leg rested. After 10 min, the NOS inhibitor NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) (arterial concentration of 5 μmol/l) or saline was infused into the epigastric artery of the contracting leg.
RESULTS—Local NOS inhibition had no effect on blood pressure, heart rate, or muscle contraction force. Contractions increased (P &lt; 0.05) skeletal muscle NOS activity, and this was prevented by l-NAME infusion. NOS inhibition caused a modest significant (P &lt; 0.05) attenuation of the increase in femoral blood flow during contractions, but importantly there was no effect on capillary recruitment. NOS inhibition attenuated (P &lt; 0.05) the increase in contraction-stimulated skeletal muscle glucose uptake by ∼35%, without affecting AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation.
CONCLUSIONS—NOS inhibition attenuated increases in skeletal muscle glucose uptake during contraction without influencing capillary recruitment, suggesting that NO is critical for part of the normal increase in skeletal muscle fiber glucose uptake during contraction.