bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A quantitative assessment of tremor and ataxia in FMR1 premutation carriers using CATSYS
Authors: Aguilar Dalila , Sigford Kathryn E. , Soontarapornchai Kultida , Nguyen Danh V. , Adams Patrick E. , Yuhas Jennifer M. , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Paul J. , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWhile an established protocol exists for diagnosing individuals with the fragile X‐associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS), a quantitative measure of tremor and ataxia is needed. Using the CATSYS system to quantify movement abnormalities, we were able to record tremor, postural sway, manual (hand and finger) coordination, and reaction time in males with the FMR1 premutation, both with and without FXTAS, and compare them to controls. We evaluated 16 males diagnosed with FXTAS, 16 males with the premutation without FXTAS (non‐FXTAS), and 14 age‐matched controls. The CATSYS system detected, in the dominant hand, a difference in intention tremor between the FXTAS group and controls (P = 0.0008). The 30‐sec postural sway tasks revealed differences between the FXTAS group and controls, both with eyes open and closed (P = 0.0004 and P = 0.0031, respectively). There was also a difference between FXTAS and non‐FXTAS 30‐sec postural sway performances with eyes open (P = 0.0008). The 10‐sec postural sway tasks (with eyes closed) served to confirm the differences between the FXTAS group and both the controls (P = 0.0017) and non‐FXTAS premutation carriers (P = 0.0016). These results demonstrate that the quantitative measures of the CATSYS system can document significant differences in intention tremor and postural sway in patients with FXTAS compared to controls. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
To buy or to sell: cultural differences in stock market decisions based on price trends
Authors: Ji Li‐Jun , Zhang Zhiyong , Guo Tieyuan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFour studies compared the stock market decisions of Canadians and Chinese. In two studies using simple stock market trends, compared with Chinese, Canadians were more willing to sell and less willing to buy falling stock. But when the stock price was rising, the opposite occurred: Canadians were more willing to buy and less willing to sell. A third study showed that for complex stock price trends, Canadians were strongly influenced by the most recent price trends: they tended to predict that recent trends would continue and made selling decisions without considering the rest of the trend patterns; whereas the Chinese made reversal predictions for the dominant trends and made decisions that took both recent and early trends into consideration. Study 4 replicated the finding with experienced individual investors. These findings are consistent with the previous literature on different lay theories of change held by Chinese and North Americans. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrating cybernetic modeling with pathway analysis provides a dynamic, systems‐level description of metabolic control
Authors: Young Jamey D. , Henne Kristene L. , Morgan John A. , Konopka Allan E. , Ramkrishna Doraiswami 
Published: February 2008

AbstractCybernetic modeling strives to uncover the inbuilt regulatory programs of biological systems and leverage them toward computational prediction of metabolic dynamics. Because of its focus on incorporating the global aims of metabolism, cybernetic modeling provides a systems‐oriented approach for describing regulatory inputs and inferring the impact of regulation within biochemical networks. Combining cybernetic control laws with concepts from metabolic pathway analysis has culminated in a systematic strategy for constructing cybernetic models, which was previously lacking. The newly devised framework relies upon the simultaneous application of local controls that maximize the net flux through each elementary flux mode and global controls that modulate the activities of these modes to optimize the overall nutritional state of the cell. The modeling concepts are illustrated using a simple linear pathway and a larger network representing anaerobic E. coli central metabolism. The E. coli model successfully describes the metabolic shift that occurs upon deleting the pta‐ackA operon that is responsible for fermentative acetate production. The model also furnishes predictions that are consistent with experimental results obtained from additional knockout strains as well as strains expressing heterologous genes. Because of the stabilizing influence of the included control variables, the resulting cybernetic models are more robust and reliable than their predecessors in simulating the network response to imposed genetic and environmental perturbations. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 542–559. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐Acyl homoserine lactonase promotes prevention of Erwinia virulence with Zwittermicin A‐producing strain Bacillus cereus
Authors: Zhao Changming , Zeng Hui , Yu Ziniu , Sun Ming 
Published: February 2008

AbstractZwittermicin A (ZwA), a hybrid polyketide‐ peptide antibiotic, and N‐acyl ‐homoserine‐lactonase (AHL‐lactonase), a kind of quorum‐quenching enzyme, have the potential to prevent the virulence of Erwinia carotovora, which is a major pathogen of soft rot. The purpose of this study was to combine the two agents in one host to improve their prevention efficacy. AHL‐lactonase was over‐expressed in the ZwA‐producing strain Bacillus cereus and derivates were identified to create genetically modified (GM) strains. The comparative results showed that neither ZwA nor AHL‐lactonase impacted the yield of the other; the increased yield of ZwA could promote the prevention efficacy of GM strains; Coexistence of ZwA and AHL‐lactonase in the GM strains had better prevention efficacy than either has separately. It is a potential therapy to provide more effective prevention and withstand gradually increasing pesticide‐resistance by combining the two antibacterial agents. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 599–603. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A novel method for monitoring monoclonal antibody production during cell culture
Authors: Szmacinski Henryk , Smith Derek S. , Hanson Michael A. , Kostov Yordan , Lakowicz Joseph R. , Rao Govind 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe describe a new format for surface‐based fluoroimmunoassays that allows detection of biomolecule interactions without separation steps. The bioactive layer was immobilized on the surface of a glass substrate covered with silver islands that provide optical amplification of the distinctive fluorescence signal from bound probes when compared to unbound probes. The technique used was phase‐modulation fluorometry that allows sensitive detection of bound probes with a very short lifetime in the presence of excess free probes in solution. The new method was applied to assay monoclonal antibody production during cell culture. Excellent agreement was found between the new method and ELISA analysis of hybridoma cell culture samples. It is predicted that the near real time monitoring of protein products during bioprocessing will be possible with the described technology. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 448–457. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development of a loop detector simulator (LOOPSIM) for in‐laboratory traffic research and education
Authors: Cheevarunothai Patikhom , Wang Yinhai , Nihan Nancy L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article describes a LOOP detector SIMulator (LOOPSIM) system designed for traffic research and education. LOOPSIM is capable of simulating calls from loop detectors and testing algorithms executable in the controller. It can also be used to simulate different patterns of traffic streams and replay collected loop event data. With the aid of LOOPSIM, researchers and educators can designate traffic characteristics in line with the purpose of the testing or teaching. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 16: 45–54, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20117
Detection of the activity of ion channels and pores by circular dichroism spectroscopy: G‐quartets as functional CD probes within chirogenic vesicles
Authors: Hennig Andreas , Matile Stefan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe introduce a method to detect the activity of ion channels and pores with circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. G‐quartets obtained by potassium templated self‐assembly of 5′‐guanosine monophosphate (GMP) are used as CD probes, the bee‐toxin melittin as representative pore and gramicidin A as representative ion channel. To detect the activity of pores with CD spectroscopy, vesicles were loaded with GMP at concentrations above the dissociation constant (KD) of G‐quartets. GMP efflux through added pores was detectable as CD silencing due to G‐quartet disassembly by local dilution. The Hill plot of melittin with Hill coefficient n = 4 was faithfully reproduced with CD detection. The same was true for counterion‐activated cell‐penetrating peptides, confirming their ability to mediate the export of anions such as GMP. The same method is not applicable to the CD detection of the activity of ion channels because GMP efflux does not occur. To do that, the potassium selectivity of G‐quartets was used. Namely, vesicles were loaded with GMP at concentrations above the dissociation constant (KD) of G‐quartets stabilized by potassium. External M/K cation exchange resulted in CD silencing by M/K antiport through the added ion channel followed by G‐quartet disassembly within the vesicle. Reversal of the direction of M/K antiport was achieved with Cs‐loaded vesicles and detected as the appearance of the CD signature of G‐quartets in response to K influx. Corroborative examples with gramicidin A include CD detection of the Eisenman I selectivity sequence and the Hill coefficient. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct enantioselective HPLC monitoring of lipase‐catalyzed kinetic resolution of tiaprofenic acid in nonstandard HPLC organic solvents
Authors: Ghanem Ashraf , Aboul‐Enein Mohammed Nabil , El‐Azzouny Aida , El‐Behairy Mohammed F. , Al‐Humaidi Ebtessam , Alaidan Alwaleed A. , Amin Kamilia , Al‐Ahdal Mohammed N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe first straightforward lipase‐catalyzed enantioselective access to enantiomerically enriched tiaprofenic acid as a versatile method in chiral separation of racemates is demonstrated. The latter was directly monitored by enantioselective HPLC using a 3,5‐dimethylphenylcarbamate derivative of cellulose‐based chiral stationary phase namely Chiralpak IB (the immobilized version of Chiralcel OD). Non‐standard HPLC organic solvents were used as diluent to dissolve the “difficult to dissolve” enzyme substrate (the acid) and as eluent for the simultaneous enantioselective HPLC baseline separation of both substrate and product in one run without any further derivatization. The existence of a non‐standard HPLC organic solvent (e.g., methyl tert‐butyl ether) in the mobile phase composition is mandatory to accomplish the simultaneous enantioselective HPLC baseline separation of both substrate and product. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Complexity and stability of soliton management in periodically modulated and random systems
Authors: Malomed Boris A. , Driben Rodislav 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA brief introduction is given to the concept of the soliton management, i.e., stable motion of localized pulses in media with strong periodic (or, sometimes, random) inhomogeneity, or conditions for the survival of solitons in models with strong time‐periodic modulation of linear or nonlinear coefficients. It is demonstrated that a class of systems can be identified, in which solitons remain robust inherently coherent objects in seemingly “hostile” environments. Most physical models belonging to this class originate in nonlinear optics and Bose‐Einstein condensation, although other examples are known too (in particular, in hydrodynamics). In this paper, the complexity of the soliton‐management systems, and the robustness of solitons in them are illustrated using a recently explored fiber‐optic setting combining a periodic concatenation of nonlinear and dispersive segments (the split‐step model) for bimodal optical signals (i.e., ones with two polarizations of light), which includes the polarization mode dispersion, i.e., random linear mixing of the two polarization components at junctions between the fiber segment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Complexity, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of phosphates in the pseudo‐ternary melted systems Cs2O‐P2O5‐MIIO (MII – alkaline earth)
Authors: Zatovsky I. V. , Strutynska N. Yu. , Slobodyanik N. S. , Baumer V. N. , Shishkin O. V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe crystallization of alkali‐earth phosphates in the melts of Cs2O‐P2O5‐MIIO (MII – Ca, Sr, Ba) pseudo‐ternary systems have been investigated at various Cs/P molar ratios and at fixed value of MII/P equal to 0.15. Type of the phosphate which crystallizes in melts depends on the Cs/P initial ratio. Crystallization fields of CsMIIP3O9, MII2P2O7 and Cs2MIIP2O7 were briefly investigated and characterized. The new diphosphate Cs2CaP2O7 has been obtained and investigated by the single crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction and FTIR‐ spectroscopy. It crystallizes in C 2/m space group, with the following parameters of the monoclinic cell: a = 10.261(2), b = 5.9316(12), c = 7.2404(14) Å, β = 118.54(3)°. The architecture of [CaP2O7]2‐ anionic sublattice, which is built up from [CaO6] octahedra and [P2O7] bitetrahedra, interlinked via the common oxygen vertices, gives rise to formation of hexagonal tunnels along crystallographic direction b, where caesium atoms are located. One of the most remarkable features of the structure is specific positional disorder of the diphosphate group, which is connected with the existence of two equiprobable half‐occupied sites of the bridging oxygen. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Dislocation and microindentation analysis of vapour grown Bi2Te3‐xSex whiskers
Authors: Kunjomana A. G. , Chandrasekharan K. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe structural defects and microhardness of Bi2Te3‐xSex whiskers (x = 0, 0.2 and 0.4 at% Se) grown by physical vapour deposition (PVD) method have been investigated. Concentric pairs of dislocation loops were observed on the as‐grown surfaces of short hexagonal prisms. A systematic study of dislocations in these crystals was carried out by chemical etching technique. The effects of Se doping, annealing and quenching on the mechanical properties have also been studied on the prism faces of Bi2Te3‐xSex whiskers. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth, structural, thermal and optical studies on L‐glutamic acid hydrobromide – A new semiorganic NLO material
Authors: Natarajan S. , Chitra G. P. , Britto Dhas S. A. Martin , Athimoolam S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new semiorganic crystal, L‐glutamic acid hydrobromide, C5H10NO4Br (GHB) has been grown from aqueous solution. The single crystal X‐ray analysis of the crystal showed that it belongs to the non‐centrosymmetric P212121 space group with protonated glutamic acid as cation and bromine as anion. The back‐bone conformations of the amino acid are in cis and trans form. The side‐chain conformations are observed to be in gauche I / trans / cis / trans forms. The characteristic ‘head‐to‐tail’ hydrogen bonding interaction is observed through a chain C(5) motif. Further, the crystal structure is stabilized by an intricate three‐dimensional hydrogen bonding network. TGA/DTA showed that the grown crystals are thermally stable upto 219 °C without any phase transition. The functional groups responsible for the various modes of vibrations were identified by using FTIR spectroscopy. UV‐Vis‐NIR spectra showed that the crystals have excellent transparency in the visible and infrared regions. The second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency was investigated to explore the NLO characteristics of the material. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Programed elution and peak profiles in electric field gradient focusing
Authors: Lin Shu‐Ling , Li Yuanyuan , Woolley Adam T. , Lee Milton L. , Tolley H. Dennis , Warnick Karl F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectric field gradient focusing (EFGF) methods have received increased attention in recent years, with potential applications demonstrated by several research groups. In order to move EFGF from the research stage to routine use in application areas, a more detailed understanding of practical aspects of device performance is required. Useful theoretical models for EFGF are available but have not been verified through systematic checks under a variety of conditions. In this paper, we compare modeled and experimental results for an EFGF device with the goal of optimizing the time sequence of voltages applied to the device for maximum resolution of analytes with close electrophoretic mobilities. Measured peak profiles depend strongly on the sequence of voltages applied to the device. We investigate the characteristic behavior of the elution profile under various voltage programs. Rapid voltage drops lead to fast elution of closely spaced protein peaks with narrow widths, whereas a carefully designed voltage program can be used to increase the separation between analytes and achieve higher resolution. Simulated and experimental results demonstrate that the behavior of analyte diffusion at an electric field singularity associated with the transition from the EFGF device to elution capillary can be used to separate analyte peaks which may not be resolved within the EFGF device itself, thereby increasing the achievable resolution of the EFGF technique.
Electrophoretic migration of proteins in semidilute polymer solutions
Authors: Oliver Gloria , Simpson Christina , Kerby Matthew B. , Tripathi Anubhav , Chauhan Anuj 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present a systematic study of the electrophoretic migration of 10–200 kDa protein fragments in dilute‐polymer solutions using microfluidic chips. The electrophoretic mobility and dispersion of protein samples were measured in a series of monodisperse polydimethylacrylamide (PDMA) polymers of different molecular masses (243, 443, and 764 kDa, polydispersivity index <2) of varying concentration. The polymer solutions were characterized using rheometry. Prior to loading onto the microchip, the polymer solution was mixed with known concentrations of SDS (SDS) surfactant and a staining dye. SDS‐denatured protein samples were electrokinetically injected, separated, and detected in the microchip using electric fields ranging from 100 to 300 V/cm. Our results show that the electrophoretic mobility of protein fragments decreases exponentially with the concentration c of the polymer solution. The mobility was found to decrease logarithmically with the molecular weight of the protein fragment. In addition, the mobility was found to be independent of the electric field in the separation channel. The dispersion is relatively independent of polymer concentration and it first increases with protein size and then decreases with a maximum at about 45 kDa. The resolution power of the device decreases with concentration of the PDMA solution but it is always better than 10% of the protein size. The protein migration does not seem to correspond to the Ogston or the reptation models. A semiempirical expression for mobility given by van Winkle fits the data very well.
Methods for Detection and Quantification of Polyphosphate and Polyphosphate Accumulating Microorganisms in Aquatic Sediments
Authors: Hupfer Michael , Glöss Stefanie , Schmieder Peter , Grossart Hans‐Peter 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt has been speculated that the microbial P pool is highly variable in the uppermost layer of various aquatic sediments, especially when an excessive P accumulation in form of polyphosphate (Poly‐P) occurs. Poly‐P storage is a universal feature of many different organisms and has been technically optimised in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). In the recent past, new insights into mechanisms of P elimination in WWTP almost exclusively depended on the development and application of novel methods like 31P‐NMR spectroscopy and molecular methods for identifying Poly‐P accumulating microorganisms (PAO). The aim of the present review is to compile current methods potentially available for detection and quantification of Poly‐P in sediments and to complement it with yet unpublished results to validate their application in natural sediments. The most powerful tool for reliable Poly‐P quantification in sediments is the liquid 31P‐NMR technique which has been successfully used for Poly‐P measurements in a variety of aquatic sediments. But the microorganisms as well as mechanisms involved in Poly‐P storage and cycling are largely unknown. Therefore, we also intend to stimulate future studies focusing on these encouraging topics in sediment research via the implementation of novel methods. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual sonographic findings in a case of atypical medullary inflammatory carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Sobrino‐Mota Verónica , Lagarejos‐Bernardo Sandra , Varela‐Mezquita Beatriz , Castro Yolanda , Segura‐González Carmen , Pérez‐Milán Federico 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe report the case of a 35‐year‐old woman who complained of a rapid enlargement of a pre‐existing breast mass and yellowish nipple discharge. Clinical examination revealed a firm mass measuring 15 × 10 cm and “peau d'orange” phenomenon. Sonography revealed a well‐defined mass with heterogeneous echotexture and hyperechoic trabecular structures that delineated hypoechoic areas, resulting in a honeycomb pattern. The patient underwent a surgical exploration and a biopsy of the mass and of the skin. The histopathologic examination revealed an atypical medullary carcinoma with high mitotic activity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2008
Fasting is neuroprotective following traumatic brain injury
Authors: Davis Laurie M. , Pauly James R. , Readnower Ryan D. , Rho Jong M. , Sullivan Patrick G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo determine the neuroprotective effect of fasting after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to elucidate the potential underlying mechanisms, we used a controlled cortical impact (CCI) injury model to induce either a moderate or a severe injury to adult male Sprague Dawley rats. Tissue‐sparing assessments were used to determine the level of neuroprotection of fasting, hypoglycemia (insulin 10 U), or ketone (1.66 mmoles/kg/day or 0.83 mmoles/kg/day; D‐beta‐hydroxtbutyrate) administration. Mitochondrial isolation and respiratory studies were utilized to determine the functionality of mitochondria at the site of injury. We also investigated biomarkers of oxidative stress, such as lipid/protein oxidation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and intramitochondrial calcium load, as a secondary measure of mitochondrial homeostasis. We found that fasting animals for 24 hr, but not 48 hr, after a moderate (1.5 mm), but not severe (2.0 mm), CCI resulted in a significant increase in tissue sparing. This 24‐hr fast also decreased biomarkers of oxidative stress and calcium loading and increased mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria isolated from the site of injury. Insulin administration, designed to mimic the hypoglycemic effect seen during fasting did not result in significant tissue sparing after moderate CCI injury and in fact induced increased mortality at some injection time points. However, the administration of ketones resulted in increased tissue sparing after moderate injury. Fasting for 24 hr confers neuroprotection, maintains cognitive function, and improves mitochondrial function after moderate (1.5 mm) TBI. The underlying mechanism appears to involve ketosis rather than hypoglycemia. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.