bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of colonoscopic biopsy in distinguishing between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis
Authors: Kirsch R , Pentecost M , de M Hall P , Epstein D P , Watermeyer G , Friederich P W 
Published: July 2006

Background:The histological differential diagnosis of Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis can be very challenging, as both are chronic granulomatous disorders with overlapping histological features.Aim:To evaluate selected clinical and histological parameters in colonic biopsy specimens for their ability to discriminate between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis.Methods:25 patients with Crohn’s disease and 18 patients with intestinal tuberculosis were selected for this study on the basis of established clinical, radiological and histological criteria. Clinical data and selected histological parameters in colonoscopic biopsy specimens were assessed retrospectively. A total of 103 and 41 biopsy sites were evaluated in patients with Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis, respectively.Results:Clinical parameters helpful in differentiating intestinal tuberculosis from Crohn’s disease included chest radiographic features of tuberculosis (56%v0%), perianal fistulae (0%v40%) and extraintestinal manifestations of Crohn’s disease (0%v40%). Histopathological features that seemed to reliably differentiate between intestinal tuberculosis and Crohn’s disease included confluent granulomas, ⩾10 granulomas per biopsy site and caseous necrosis (in biopsy samples of 50%, 33% and 22% of patients with intestinal tuberculosis, respectively,v0% of patients with Crohn’s disease). Features that were observed more often in patients with intestinal tuberculosis than in those with Crohn’s disease included granulomas exceeding 0.05 mm2(67%v8%), ulcers lined by conglomerate epithelioid histiocytes (61%v8%) and disproportionate submucosal inflammation (67%v10%).Conclusion:Clinical features and selected histological parameters in colonoscopic biopsy specimens can help in differentiating between Crohn’s disease and intestinal tuberculosis.
Substance, Desire and Control: Water in the New Forest
Authors: Garner Andrew 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWater, like much else in the landscape of the New Forest, England, is highly contested. Recent major environmental works have changed the flow of water by adjusting river beds, slowing flows and holding up water in parts of the Forest. These changes are elaborated as reversing past interventions, restoring rivers and increasing environmental values. Under the rubric of conservation, some of the greatest physical changes in 150 years are taking place in the Forest. This paper traces how, since the early nineteenth century, ideas about water have shaped management interventions and dramatically changed the flow of water over the Forest landscape. The works have also given new impetus to arguments about the meaning and value of water, rights of access and the control of water resources in both economic terms and in terms of social status and identity. How value is assigned by small-holders and visitors to waterscapes is compared to that of the agencies managing the environment. A key cause for conflict is shown to lie in the different ways of measuring and constructing value, and in two forms of environmental expression.
Fluid Bodies in the Sea: An Ethnography of Underwater Spear Gun Fishing in Palau, Micronesia
Authors: Ota Yoshitaka 
Published: July 2006

AbstractUnderwater spear gun fishing is the most popular fishing method used in indigenous inshore fishing in Palau, West Micronesia. Two major characteristics of this method are: first, the opportunity offered to fishermen to enter and experience another sphere of the seascape, the underwater world; and, second, the extreme physical challenge involved in the fishermen's constant bodily movement in and under the water. Fishermen skin-dive deep into coral reefs in order to shoot fish with hand-made spear-guns, swimming through the water swiftly to approach their targets. In this form of fishing, they experience the fluid nature of the underwater domain at the level of their skin, and move their bodies in accord with the visibility, auditory experience and the physicality of the particular environment. This paper argues that the fishermen's focus on bodily movement contributes to their constructions of masculinity, and culturally embodies the fluidity of underwater seascapes.
A Systematic Review of Research on Culturally Relevant Issues for Hispanics With Diabetes
Authors: Caban Arlene , Walker Elizabeth A. 
Published: July 2006

Purpose The purpose of this review is to provide a description of current research on culturally relevant issues among Hispanics subgroups with diabetes throughout the United States. Methods A search of 2655 abstracts was conducted using Medline, PubMed, and Psychlit. Sixty articles were identified, and 33 were reviewed. Results Most studies focused on Mexican Americans, and little is known about the unique and shared health beliefs of different Hispanics subgroups within the United States. Personal models of illness varied across groups and were influenced by levels of acculturation. Definitions and treatments for susto varied considerably: Puerto Ricans did not identify it as a cause of diabetes. Patients'thoughts about God and diabetes differed, and little is known about how these thoughts affect diabetes self-management. There is also limited research on Hispanics' use of curanderos (folk healers) for diabetes-related care, and only some participants reported using alternative treatments in conjunction with standard medical care. There is limited evidence that fatalistic thinking is unique to Hispanic culture, and its relationship to diabetes self-management remains unclear. Conclusions More research is needed to determine how cultural factors influence Hispanics' approaches to diabetes self-management. Clinicians and educators would benefit from exploring cultural belief systems with patients, as they may enhance the patient-provider relationship and serve as tools in identifying appropriate treatment strategies.
Interventions to Improve Diabetes Self-management
Authors: Leeman Jennifer 
Published: July 2006

Purpose The purpose of this study was to review publications of research on diabetes self-management interventions and assess whether the interventions are relevant for practice. Methods A content analysis was performed on research reports published between 1993 and 2004 of interventions designed to improve patients' diabetes self-management. Information was abstracted relevant to the intervention's generalizability to other settings and its compatibility and feasibility in practice. Results Publications included only limited information relevant to an intervention's generalizability across populations and settings. Many of the interventions tested were not designed to be compatible with the realities of current practice or to be delivered in the settings in which most diabetes care is provided. Many of the interventions were very complex, requiring multiple delivery modes and contacts, proactive scheduling, and coordination across disciplines. Conclusions In view of the prevalence of diabetes, it is critical that effective self-management interventions be adopted and implemented. Interventions need to be designed so that their findings have greater relevance and utility for practice and can be generalized across practice settings.
Effect of Functional Bracing on Knee Injury in Skiers with Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Sterett William I. , Briggs Karen K. , Farley Timothy , Steadman J. Richard 
Published: July 2006

Background The role of knee bracing in anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions is controversial. Hypothesis Functional bracing will have an effect on subsequent knee injury in skiers with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods From 1991 to 1997, 11606 skiers at a major destination ski resort underwent preseason knee screening. The anterior cruciate ligamentreconstructed group consisted of 820 skiers who had had an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction 2 years or more earlier. Of these, 257 skiers selected the use of functional knee brace during skiing. The dependent variable was subsequent knee injury, identified via workers compensation records. Covariates included age, gender, ski occupation, Lachman grade, pivot-shift grade, KT-1000 arthrometer manual maximum displacement, and use of a functional brace. Univariate and multivariate risk factors for subsequent knee injury were determined. Results In this study, 257 skier-employees with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction wore braces and 563 skier-employees with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction did not. Braced skiers had significantly higher preseason rates of grade II or higher Lachman and pivot-shift tests (braced, 29% and 22%, respectively; nonbraced, 11% and 10%, respectively;P >. 05). Sixty-one subsequent knee injuries were identified, 51 (8.9 injuries/100 knees/ski season) in the nonbraced group and 10 (4.0 injuries/100 knees/ski season) in the braced group (P=. 009). Nonbraced skiers were 2.74 times more likely to suffer subsequent injury than were braced skiers (odds ratio, 2.74 [confidence interval, 1.2-4.9]). Logistic regression modeling identified nonbracing as a significant independent multivariate risk factor for subsequent knee injury in the high-demand skiers with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Conclusion Because of the increased risk of subsequent knee injury in nonbraced skiers, the authors recommend functional bracing for skiers with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Whether the protective effect of functional bracing can be extrapolated to other high-demand patients is yet to be determined.
Otcomes of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries to Running Backs and Wide Receivers in the National Football League
Authors: Carey James L. , Huffman G. Russell , Parekh Selene G. , Sennett Brian J. 
Published: July 2006

Background Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are common in professional football players, and their career impact is unclear. Purpose To quantify the affect of anterior cruciate ligament injuries on professional football player performance. Study Design Cohort study (prognosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods Anterior cruciate ligament injury data from the National Football League were collected during a 5-year period (1998-2002) for running backs and wide receivers. Recorded variables included player age, experience, position, time to return to competition, and yearly total yards and touchdowns. Power ratings (total yards divided by 10 plus touchdowns multiplied by 6) were calculated for the injury season as well as for the 3 seasons before and after injury. A control group consisted of all running backs and wide receivers without an identified anterior cruciate ligament injury who competed in the 2000 season. Results Data were analyzed for 31 running backs and wide receivers with 33 anterior cruciate ligament injuries. More than one fifth of players never returned to a National Football League game. Returning players first competed in a game 55.8 ± 5.4 weeks (mean ± standard error) after injury. For the 24 anterior cruciate ligament–injured players with a minimum total power rating (sum of all 7 seasons) of 200 points, power rating per game played decreased from 9.9 ± 1.1 preinjury to 6.5 ± 0.9 postinjury. This decline in power rating per game played was statistically significant (P =. 002) when compared with the change for the 146 control players. Conclusion Nearly four fifths of National Football League running backs and wide receivers who sustain an anterior cruciate ligament injury return to play in a game. On return to competition, player performance of injured players is reduced by one third.
Relative Permeabilities of Cement-based Materials: Influence of the Tortuosity Function
Authors: Wardeh George , Perrin Bernard 
Published: July 2006

The macroscopic physical modeling of humidity-, energy-, and air-coupled transport in unsaturated porous materials requires their water retention characteristics and transport coefficients to be known. Among the most sensitive properties are the air and liquid permeabilities. As their direct determination is often difficult and time consuming, relations have long been proposed starting from experimental properties that are easier to obtain, such as water pressure head as a function of the degree of saturation or isothermal sorption curves. In the first part, existing model relationships are compared with experimentation. The data obtained show that a parameter in these relationships has to be modified. The proposed modifications are interesting for practical applications, but the authors have also tried, in the second part of the study, to generalize the approach by starting from the porosity of the cement-based materials studied here. Expressions for the relative permeabilities are given as functions of tortuosity and capillary pressure, which can be deduced from the pore size distribution. An expression is proposed for the tortuosity. The relative influence of the porosity and the tortuosity of the cement-based materials on gas and liquid permeabilities, according to the relative degree of saturation, are discussed.
A fast SCOP fold classification system using content-based E-Predict algorithm
Authors: Chi Pin-Hao , Shyu Chi-Ren , Xu Dong 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Domain experts manually construct the Structural Classification of Protein (SCOP) database to categorize and compare protein structures. Even though using the SCOP database is believed to be more reliable than classification results from other methods, it is labor intensive. To mimic human classification processes, we develop an automatic SCOP fold classification system to assign possible known SCOP folds and recognize novel folds for newly-discovered proteins.

Results
With a sufficient amount of ground truth data, our system is able to assign the known folds for newly-discovered proteins in the latest SCOP v 1.69 release with 92.17% accuracy. Our system also recognizes the novel folds with 89.27% accuracy using 10 fold cross validation. The average response time for proteins with 500 and 1409 amino acids to complete the classification process is 4.1 and 17.4 seconds, respectively. By comparison with several structural alignment algorithms, our approach outperforms previous methods on both the classification accuracy and efficiency.

Conclusion
In this paper, we build an advanced, non-parametric classifier to accelerate the manual classification processes of SCOP. With satisfactory ground truth data from the SCOP database, our approach identifies relevant domain knowledge and yields reasonably accurate classifications. Our system is publicly accessible at http://ProteinDBS.rnet.missouri.edu/E-Predict.php.
A multi-class predictor based on a probabilistic model: application to gene expression profiling-based diagnosis of thyroid tumors
Authors: Yukinawa Naoto , Oba Shigeyuki , Kato Kikuya , Taniguchi Kazuya , Iwao-Koizumi Kyoko , Tamaki Yasuhiro , Noguchi Shinzaburo , Ishii Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Although microscopic diagnosis has been playing the decisive role in cancer diagnostics, there have been cases in which it does not satisfy the clinical need. Differential diagnosis of malignant and benign thyroid tissues is one such case, and supplementary diagnosis such as that by gene expression profile is expected.

Results
With four thyroid tissue types, i.e., papillary carcinoma, follicular carcinoma, follicular adenoma, and normal thyroid, we performed gene expression profiling with adaptor-tagged competitive PCR, a high-throughput RT-PCR technique. For differential diagnosis, we applied a novel multi-class predictor, introducing probabilistic outputs. Multi-class predictors were constructed using various combinations of binary classifiers. The learning set included 119 samples, and the predictors were evaluated by strict leave-one-out cross validation. Trials included classical combinations, i.e., one-to-one, one-to-the-rest, but the predictor using more combination exhibited the better prediction accuracy. This characteristic was consistent with other gene expression data sets. The performance of the selected predictor was then tested with an independent set consisting of 49 samples. The resulting test prediction accuracy was 85.7%.

Conclusion
Molecular diagnosis of thyroid tissues is feasible by gene expression profiling, and the current level is promising towards the automatic diagnostic tool to complement the present medical procedures. A multi-class predictor with an exhaustive combination of binary classifiers could achieve a higher prediction accuracy than those with classical combinations and other predictors such as multi-class SVM. The probabilistic outputs of the predictor offer more detailed information for each sample, which enables visualization of each sample in low-dimensional classification spaces. These new concepts should help to improve the multi-class classification including that of cancer tissues.
Influence of plant diversity and elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide levels on belowground bacterial diversity
Authors: Grüter Dominique , Schmid Bernhard , Brandl Helmut 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Changes in aboveground plant species diversity as well as variations of environmental conditions such as exposure of ecosystems to elevated concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide may lead to changes in metabolic activity, composition and diversity of belowground microbial communities, both bacterial and fungal.

Results
We examined soil samples taken from a biodiversity × CO2 grassland experiment where replicate plots harboring 5, 12, or 31 different plant species had been exposed to ambient or elevated (600 ppm) levels of carbon dioxide for 5 years. Analysis of soil bacterial communities in these plots by temporal temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TTGE) showed that dominant soil bacterial populations varied only very little between different experimental treatments. These populations seem to be ubiquitous. Likewise, screening of samples on a high-resolution level by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) showed that increased levels of carbon dioxide had no significant influence on both soil bacterial community composition (appearance and frequency of operational taxonomic units, OTUs) and on bacterial richness (total number of different OTUs). In contrast, differences in plant diversity levels had a significant effect on bacterial composition but no influence on bacterial richness. Regarding species level, several bacterial species were found only in specific plots and were related to elevated carbon dioxide or varying plant diversity levels. For example, analysis of T-RFLP showed that the occurrence of Salmonella typhimurium was significantly increased in plots exposed to elevated CO2 (P < 0.05).

Conclusion
Plant diversity levels are affecting bacterial composition (bacterial types and their frequency of occurrence). Elevated carbon dioxide does not lead to quantitative alteration (bacterial richness), whereas plant diversity is responsible for qualitative changes (bacterial diversity).
AtMND1 is required for homologous pairing during meiosis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Panoli Aneesh P , Ravi Maruthachalam , Sebastian Jose , Nishal Bindu , Reddy Thamalampudi V , Marimuthu Mohan PA , Subbiah Veeraputhiran , Vijaybhaskar Virupapuram , Siddiqi Imran 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
Pairing of homologous chromosomes at meiosis is an important requirement for recombination and balanced chromosome segregation among the products of meiotic division. Recombination is initiated by double strand breaks (DSBs) made by Spo11 followed by interaction of DSB sites with a homologous chromosome. This interaction requires the strand exchange proteins Rad51 and Dmc1 that bind to single stranded regions created by resection of ends at the site of DSBs and promote interactions with uncut DNA on the homologous partner. Recombination is also considered to be dependent on factors that stabilize interactions between homologous chromosomes. In budding yeast Hop2 and Mnd1 act as a complex to promote homologous pairing and recombination in conjunction with Rad51 and Dmc1.

Results
We have analyzed the function of the Arabidopsis orthologue of the budding yeast MND1 gene (AtMND1). Loss of AtMND1 did not affect normal vegetative development but caused fragmentation and missegregation of chromosomes in male and female meiosis, formation of inviable gametes, and sterility. Analysis of the Atmnd1 Atspo11-1 double mutant indicated that chromosome fragmentation in Atmnd1 was suppressed by loss of Atspo11-1. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis showed that homologous pairing failed to occur and homologues remained apart throughout meiosis. AtMND1 showed strong expression in meiocytes as revealed by RNA in situs.

Conclusion
We conclude that AtMND1 is required for homologous pairing and is likely to play a role in the repair of DNA double strand breaks during meiosis in Arabidopsis, thus showing conservation of function with that of MND1 during meiosis in yeast.
Identification of candidate categories of the International Classification of Functioning Disability and Health (ICF) for a Generic ICF Core Setbased on regression modelling
Authors: Cieza Alarcos , Geyh Szilvia , Chatterji Somnath , Kostanjsek Nenad , Üstün Bedirhan T , Stucki Gerold 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
The International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) is the framework developed by WHO to describe functioning and disability at both the individual and population levels.
While condition-specific ICF Core Sets are useful, a Generic ICF Core Set is needed to describe and compare problems in functioning across health conditions.

Methods
The aims of the multi-centre, cross-sectional study presented here were: a) to propose a method to select ICF categories when a large amount of ICF-based data have to be handled, and b) to identify candidate ICF categories for a Generic ICF Core Set by examining their explanatory power in relation to item one of the SF-36.
The data were collected from 1039 patients using the ICF checklist, the SF-36 and a Comorbidity Questionnaire.
ICF categories to be entered in an initial regression model were selected following systematic steps in accordance with the ICF structure. Based on an initial regression model, additional models were designed by systematically substituting the ICF categories included in it with ICF categories with which they were highly correlated.

Results
Fourteen different regression models were performed. The variance the performed models account for ranged from 22.27% to 24.0%. The ICF category that explained the highest amount of variance in all the models was sensation of pain. In total, thirteen candidate ICF categories for a Generic ICF Core Set were proposed.

Conclusion
The selection strategy based on the ICF structure and the examination of the best possible alternative models does not provide a final answer about which ICF categories must be considered, but leads to a selection of suitable candidates which needs further consideration and comparison with the results of other selection strategies in developing a Generic ICF Core Set.