bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tumour‐positive sentinel node findings in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ
Authors: Leidenius M. , Salmenkivi K. , von Smitten K. , Heikkilä P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundOur aim was to evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for tumour‐positive sentinel node (SN) findings in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS).MethodsAltogether 1,470 patients underwent sentinel node biopsy (SNB) between April 2001 and March 2005 in our unit. According to a histopathological review, 11 of them had microinvasive and 74 pure DCIS and were included in the study.ResultsFive patients (7%) with pure DCIS had SN metastases. Three of them had isolated tumour cells (ITC) only. Axillary clearance without further metastatic findings was performed in three patients. The median histological size of DCIS was larger, 50 (45–60) mm in patients with metastatic SN findings than the median of 18 (2–110) mm in those with tumour‐negative SN, P = 0.0103. All five patients with metastatic SN findings underwent mastectomy. Metastatic SN findings were detected in one (9%) patient with microinvasive DCIS.ConclusionsMetastatic SN findings in patients with pure DCIS may be a sign of missed invasion. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:380–384. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ipsilateral breast tumor reappearance in patients treated with conservative surgery after primary chemotherapy. The role of surgical margins on outcome
Authors: Gentilini Oreste , Intra Mattia , Gandini Sara , Peruzzotti Giulia , Winnikow Erik , Luini Alberto , Veronesi Paolo , Galimberti Viviana , Goldhirsch Aron , Veronesi Umberto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesTo evaluate the ipsilateral breast tumor reappearance (IBTR) rate after breast conservative surgery (BCS) following primary chemotherapy (PC) and to assess whether positive margins affects IBTR rate and overall survival (OS).MethodsThree hundred nine women candidates for mastectomy received PC before surgery. One hundred ninety‐five patients (63.1%) underwent BCS and 114 patients (36.9%) a modified radical mastectomy.ResultsAfter a median follow‐up of 41 months (range 7–90), 13 patients of the 195 treated with BCS had an IBTR (6.7%), 6 patients had a regional relapse (3.1%), 28 women had distant metastases (14.4%). Twenty‐three patients died of breast cancer (11.8%). Twenty‐four patients treated with BCS had positive margins (12.3%). At 3 years, the crude cumulative incidence of local recurrence was 4.7% in women with negative margins, and 13.3% in women with positive margins (P = 0.05). Cumulative incidence of distant metastases was similar in patients with positive and negative margins (P = 0.16) and there was no significant difference in terms of OS according to the margin status (P = 0.577).ConclusionsBCS after PC has an acceptable rate of IBTR. After a short follow‐up, the presence of positive margins does not affect OS. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:375–379. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Added value of ultrasound in screening the clinically negative axilla in breast cancer
Authors: Mathijssen I.M.J. , Strijdhorst H. , Kiestra S.K. , Wereldsma J.C.J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundFor staging purposes in breast cancer it is current practice to perform a sentinel node biopsy in a clinically negative axilla, followed by an axillary lymph node dissection if metastases are found in the sentinel node. To limit the number of surgical procedures it is therefore of importance to try and identify as much patients as possible who have axillary metastases. Clinical staging of the axillary nodes in breast cancer is mainly based on palpation, but ultrasound has been shown to be of additional value in detecting pathological nodes.MethodsIn this paper, we report our results of screening 131 breast cancer patients without palpable axillary nodes through ultrasound.ResultsOut of the 53 patients with axillary node involvement, 18 were identified as such by our radiologist, resulting in a detection score of 34%.DiscussionThis high rate is probably reached because of the limited number of radiologists performing this procedure, thereby rapidly increasing their experience. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:364–367. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary angiosarcoma of the breast: Observations in Asian Indian women
Authors: Shet Tanuja , Malaviya Alopa , Nadkarni Mandar , Kakade Anagha , Parmar Vani , Badwe Rajan , Chinoy Roshni 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundPrimary angiosarcomas of breast are rare tumors, with a fatal outcome.Material and MethodsWe studied histological prognostic factors and c‐kit expression by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 12 angiosarcomas accessioned at a cancer referral center in India.ResultsAll patients had primary angiosarcoma; no case of secondary angiosarcoma was accessioned during the study period. Median age of patients was 24.5 years. Nine patients had intermediate grade tumors, one a well differentiated tumor and three patients had high‐grade tumors. Interesting cases encountered included an epithelioid angiosarcoma and an angiosarcoma arising on the background of a biphasic tumor. Eight patients had lumpectomy, four mastectomy and two patients were given radiotherapy. Of the nine patients (seven type I/II and two high grade) with follow up, eight patients developed disseminated metastases within a year of presentation. The patient with well‐differentiated angiosarcoma also died of metastasis albeit after a longer time. On IHC c‐kit staining was weakly seen in two cases.ConclusionPrimary angiosarcoma was fatal in young Indian women even in lower grade tumors. The low expression of c‐kit on IHC suggests that targeting this protein for therapy may not be successful in treating these tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:368–374. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symmetrization reduction mammaplasty combined with sentinel node biopsy in patients operated for contralateral breast cancer (J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:9–15)
Authors: Schrenk Peter , Wölfl Soraya , Bogner Sephan , Huemer Georg , Wayand Wolfgang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe original article to which this Erratum refers was published in J. Surg. Oncol. 2006;94:9–15.
Structure of Algal‐Born Phenolic Polymeric Adhesives
Authors: Bitton Ronit , Ben‐Yehuda Maya , Davidovich Maya , Balazs Yael , Potin Philippe , Delage Ludovic , Colin Carole , Bianco‐Peled Havazelet 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: Adhesive materials extracted from the brown alga Fucus serratus are composed of phenolic polymer, alginate, and CaCl2. The phenolic polymer undergoes an oxidation reaction in the presence of bromoperoxidase, KI, and H2O2. The nanostructure of the adhesive was investigated using small angle X‐ray scattering, light scattering, and cryo‐ transmission electron microscopy experiments. These have shown that the phenolic polymer undergoes self‐assembly and forms flexible chain‐like objects. Oxidation or adding alginate does not alter this structure. However, once calcium ions are added, a rigid network is formed. Presumably, this network is responsible for the cohesive strength of the glue.A schematic illustration of the spatial arrangement of the glue: oxidized polyphenol encapsulated by the alginate gel network.magnified imageA schematic illustration of the spatial arrangement of the glue: oxidized polyphenol encapsulated by the alginate gel network.
Loading and Release of Ibuprofen in Multi‐ and Monofilament Surgical Sutures
Authors: Zurita Raül , Puiggalí Jordi , Rodríguez‐Galán Alfonso 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: The preparation of mono‐ and multifilament sutures incorporating ibuprofen as an anti‐inflammatory agent is considered. Poly(p‐dioxanone) monofilament samples can be loaded by a molecular diffusion process using a swelling agent such as dichloromethane. The mechanical properties have been measured and have not shown a significant change for the ibuprofen loaded samples in knot tensile assays. The kinetics of both the loading process and the release in a Sörensen's medium at 37 °C have been investigated. Diffusion coefficients have also been estimated from film and slab poly(p‐dioxanone) samples containing ibuprofen and their release behavior compared to that shown by monofilaments. Release from a coating copolymer based on lactide, ε‐caprolactone and trimethylene carbonate (PLA/PCA/PTMC 10/60/30) has also been studied. This coating solubilizes ibuprofen molecules well and can be used for braided sutures or when a rapid dose of ibuprofen is preferred.
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Surface Behavior and Molecular Recognition in DNA Microarrays from N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide Terpolymers with Activated Esters as Linking Groups
Authors: Suriano Raffaella , Levi Marinella , Pirri Giovanna , Damin Francesco , Chiari Marcella , Turri Stefano 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: A series of terpolymers made of DMA, NAS and MAPS were synthesized by free radical copolymerization and used as functional coatings for the fabrication of glass slide DNA microarrays. The surface properties of coated glass slides were investigated through contact angle measurements, ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy. The terpolymer molecular weight showed a moderate effect on surface tension (γs = 56–62 mN · m−1), but no clear effect on polymeric layer thickness (5–8 nm) and roughness. Hybridization experiments with amine‐functionalized oligonucleotides gave the best fluorescence intensity results for microarrays coated with intermediate‐molecular‐weight terpolymers. Finally, an accelerated ageing test of the microarray in a humidity chamber showed a nice relationship between decay curves of contact angle against water and fluorescence intensity.Details of fluorescence microscope images after hybridization of the probe H2N‐oligonucleotide spotted on the polymeric coatings.magnified imageDetails of fluorescence microscope images after hybridization of the probe H2N‐oligonucleotide spotted on the polymeric coatings.
Melt Spinning of Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) Fibers for Tissue Engineering Using α‐Cyclodextrin/Polymer Inclusion Complexes as the Nucleation Agent
Authors: Vogel Roland , Tändler Bernhard , Häussler Liane , Jehnichen Dieter , Brünig Harald 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: This paper reports on an attempt to use CD and CD/PHB ICs as nucleation agents for PHB in a high‐speed melt spinning process. At first rheological and thermal properties of the nucleated melts are determined in order to assess the influence of the nucleating agents. Then spinning tests are carried out. Thermal and textile properties of the spun PHB fibers are also determined. An estimation of the improvement of inhibition of the secondary crystallization from use of the described blood compatible nucleating agents is given.An example of a nucleation agent.magnified imageAn example of a nucleation agent.
Silicone‐Organic Resin Hybrid Matrix Composites
Authors: Zhu Bizhong , Wu Yuhong , Reese Herschel H. , Katsoulis Dimitris E. , McGarry Frederick J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: Glass fabric reinforced hybrid matrix composites of a toughened silicone resin and a vinyl ester resin were fabricated and their properties investigated. The hybrid composites consisted of multi‐layers of fiber reinforced silicone resins and vinyl ester resins. The toughened silicone resin, a crosslinkable phenylsilsesquioxane resin with high thermal and thermal oxidation resistance but relatively low Tg, was chosen to be the outer layers. The vinyl ester resin, with better strength, toughness and a much higher Tg than the toughened silicone resin, was used as the inner layers. A co‐cure process proved to establish a strong interface between the two in a hybrid composite. The hybrid composites had better flammability properties and much lower short term moisture absorption than the vinyl ester composites. The strength and modulus retention of the hybrid composites at elevated temperatures was higher than the composites using any single resin as the matrix. For example, when tested at 150 °C the flexural modulus and strength values of a twelve layer composite, with eight inner vinyl ester resin layers and four silicone outer layers, were almost an order of magnitude higher than the composite using the silicone resin alone, and were significantly higher than the one using vinyl ester resin alone. The room temperature short beam shear strength of the hybrid composites was also higher. DMA revealed that the inter‐diffusion of reactive components between the two resins was probably responsible for this synergistic effect, resulting in an α transition temperature of 182 °C for the hybrid composite, higher than that of either the silicone resin (85 °C) or the vinyl ester resin (162 °C).
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Preparation and Swelling Properties of Temperature‐Sensitive Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Composed of Poly[(N‐tert‐butylacrylamide)‐co‐acrylamide] and Hydroxypropyl Cellulose
Authors: Çaykara Tuncer , Şengül Gamze , Birlik Gökçen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: Temperature‐responsive hydrogels based on linear HPC and crosslinked P(NTBA‐co‐AAm) were prepared by the semi‐IPN technique. The structure of these semi‐IPN hydrogels was investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy. An increase in normalized band ratios (A2980/A1665) was observed with increasing HPC content in the initial mixture. The swelling kinetics and water transport mechanism of these semi‐IPN hydrogels were examined and their temperature responsive behaviors were also investigated by measuring equilibrium swelling ratios and pulsatile swelling experiments. The results showed that these semi‐IPN hydrogels underwent a volume phase transition between 18 and 22 °C irrespective of the amounts of MBAAm and HPC. However, below the volume phase transition temperature, their equilibrium swelling ratios were affected by the amount of MBAAm and HPC. The pulsatile swelling experiments indicated that the lower the MBAAm and the higher HPC contents in semi‐IPN hydrogels the faster the response rate temperature change.Equilibrium swelling ratios of the semi‐IPN P(NTBA‐co‐AAm)/HPC hydrogels in water shown as a function of temperature.magnified imageEquilibrium swelling ratios of the semi‐IPN P(NTBA‐co‐AAm)/HPC hydrogels in water shown as a function of temperature.
Studies on Hydrotalcite‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Authors: El‐Toufaili Faissal‐Ali , Ahmadniana Fatemeh , Dinse Arne , Feix Gunter , Reichert Karl‐Heinz 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: The hydrotalcite‐catalyzed synthesis of PET was studied to clarify the effect of hydrotalcite properties on its catalytic activity. Hydrotalcite was modified by various treatments to tune its activity as a polycondensation catalyst. Hydrotalcite activity was found to decrease upon calcination. However, rehydration of the calcinated hydrotalcite resumed the catalytic activity. The hydrotalcite activity depends on the ratio of magnesium to aluminum cations in its composition, and highest activity occurs at a molar ratio of 2:1. Replacement of the carbonate anions of hydrotalcite by more nucleophilic ones like hydroxide and alkoxide groups resulted in improved catalytic activity. Hydrotalcite has two assembly orders: primary lamination of sheets into plates and secondary agglomeration of plates into particles. Hydrotalcite with larger sheet size showed lower activity. On the other hand, milling of hydrotalcite particles did not affect its activity as it probably enters the reaction on a plate level, which is not affected by milling. Polycondensation resulted in expansion of the hydrotalcite sheets under the effect of formed polymer. Reuse of hydrotalcite after polycondensation followed by depolycondensation resulted in a large activity enhancement.High‐resolution SEM micrograph of calcinated HT after rehydration.magnified imageHigh‐resolution SEM micrograph of calcinated HT after rehydration.
Morphology and Crystalline Structure of Poly(ε‐Caprolactone) Nanofiber via Porous Aluminium Oxide Template
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhang Lina , Lu Xiaoying , Zhao Ning , Xu Jian 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: Poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers with a dimension of about 150 nm were successfully fabricated by using a process of extruding PCL solution via a porous aluminium oxide template and then solidifying in methanol. The morphology, melting behavior and crystalline structure of the nanofibers were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). The results revealed that the weight‐average molecular weight ($\overline M _{\rm w}$) of PCL hardly influenced the morphology of the nanofibers. However, the melting temperature (Tm) of the PCL crystalline increased slightly from 55.4 to 57.5 °C with an increase in $\overline M _{\rm w}$. The accessional pressure and the presence of the porous template played an important role in the improvement of the orientation and crystallization structures of the polymer chains when they were passing through the nano‐scale porous channel, leading to the conglomeration of the fiber and the much larger diameter than those from the pressure‐induced extrusion process. Furthermore, comparing the processes with and without accessional pressure, the crystallinity of the nanofibers obtained under 0.2 MPa pressure increased, and the diffraction for the (001) lattice plane occurred.SEM image of PCL nanofibers extruded via a porous aluminium oxide template with the aid of pressure.magnified imageSEM image of PCL nanofibers extruded via a porous aluminium oxide template with the aid of pressure.
High Compatibility and Improved Barrier Performance in Blends Based on a Copolyester Modified with a Poly(amino ether) Resin
Authors: Granado Ainhoa , Eguiazabal José Ignacio , Nazabal Jon 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: The structure and properties of blends of a PCTG and a PAE resin obtained by direct injection molding have been studied. The blends were almost immiscible, and were composed of a nearly pure PAE phase and a mixed PCTG‐rich phase containing minor PAE amounts. Electron microscopy observations showed a high intermixing level between both components. The permeability data indicated an improved barrier protection of PCTG upon PAE addition. The Young's modulus and the yield stress of the blends followed a linear behavior with respect to composition, while values close or slightly below linearity were observed for the break properties. The combined effects of the small dispersed particle size and the proposed good interfacial adhesion are stated as the main factors responsible for the positive mechanical behavior. The impact strength showed an unexpected variability for PCTG‐rich blends, which is attributed to a ductile‐brittle transition of PCTG.Ductility of PCTG/PAE blends vs. composition.magnified imageDuctility of PCTG/PAE blends vs. composition.
Functionalization of Poly(propylene) Fabric with 4‐Vinylpyridine, N,N‐Dimethylacrylamide and Styrene by γ‐Radiation‐Induced Grafting in an Aqueous Environment
Authors: Khan Ferdous , Kronfli Esam , Bradley Mark 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: VP and co‐monomers DMAAm and ST were successfully grafted onto a PP fabric in an emulsion copolymerization process initiated by γ‐radiation. The radiation dose, concentration of VP, the ratio of VP/DMAAm and VP/ST in the reaction solution, and the reaction temperature dependent graft copolymerization were investigated. The order of dependence of the initial rate of grafting on the radiation dose was found to be in the range of 1.2 to 0.93 for VP; 0.84 to 0.70 for VP/DMAAm and for VP/ST was in the range of 0.59 to 0.41. The activation energy of the graft copolymer reaction was determined to be 40.18 J · mol−1 for 0.464 mol · L−1 VP. In the case of co‐monomer mixtures (VP/DMAAm: 0.464/0.5) the energy of activation was noticeably higher at 49.71 J · mol−1 while for VP/ST (0.464/0.436) the activation energy was same as that of VP. XRD results showed that overall crystallinity significantly decreased with the increase of graft weight with a noticeable change in the chemical structure of the PP, indicating that the graft copolymer reaction was taking place both in the amorphous and crystalline regions of PP. A similar characteristic behavior was also obtained by DSC, which revealed the presence of an endotherm process in the range of 25 to 130 °C depending on the degree of grafting, attributed to the grafted chains of the monomer/co‐monomers. In order to determine the graft copolymer reaction of VP, DMAAm and ST onto the backbone of PP, the reaction products were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. A good correlation was found between changes of crystallinity and level of graft copolymerization as determined by WAXRD and DSC.Typical XRD traces of as‐received PP fabric (PPF) and grafted with VP (PPF‐g‐VP).magnified imageTypical XRD traces of as‐received PP fabric (PPF) and grafted with VP (PPF‐g‐VP).
Thermal and Mechanical Behavior of Carbon‐Nanotube‐Filled Latex
Authors: Grunlan Jaime C. , Kim Yeon‐Seok , Ziaee Saeed , Wei Xin , Abdel‐Magid Beckry , Tao Kun 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: Composite films were prepared from a mixture of poly(vinyl acetate) latex and SWNTs. SEM images reveal a segregated SWNT network that grows heavier with increasing concentration. Nanotube segregation is the result of excluded volume created by the much larger polymer particles in the latex. Thermal conductivity exhibits a sharp rise with increasing quantity of nanotubes, although the maximum value is only 10% greater than that of the polymer matrix due to large thermal interface resistance. Storage modulus exhibits a peak and subsequent drop due to pore formation. In the absence of porosity, the Halpin‐Tsai model accurately predicts the composite modulus at 25 °C. The segregated network improves the composite modulus above Tg by nearly an order of magnitude with only 2 wt.‐% SWNT.Schematic illustration of a segregated network of carbon nanotubes.magnified imageSchematic illustration of a segregated network of carbon nanotubes.
Existence and stability of steady solutions to nonlinear parabolic‐elliptic systems modelling chemotaxis
Authors: Chen Hua , Zhong Xin‐Hua 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we study the existence of non‐constant steady solutions and the linear stability of constant solutions to nonlinear parabolic‐elliptic system, which actually is a simplified form of the Keller–Segel system modelling chemotaxis. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
B ‐sub‐manifolds and their stability
Authors: Li Ma 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we show that the “grim reaper” in the curve‐shortening problem is stable in the sense of “symmetric stable” defined by K. Smoczyk. We also briefly discuss the graphic B ‐minimal sub‐manifold in ℝn +k . (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Connections between the geometry of a projective variety and of an ample section
Authors: Andreatta Marco , Novelli Carla , Occhetta Gianluca 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLetXbe a smooth complex projective variety and letZ=(s=0) be a smooth submanifold which is the zero locus of a section of an ample vector bundleEof rankrwith dimZ=dimX–r.We show with some examples that in general the Kleiman–Mori cones NE(Z) and NE(X) are different. We then give a necessary and sufficient condition for an extremal ray in NE(X) to be also extremal in NE(Z).We apply this result to the caser=1 andZa Fano manifold of high index;in particular we classify allXwith an ample divisor which is a Mukai manifold of dimension ≥4.In the last section we prove a general result in caseZis a minimal variety with 0 ≤κ(Z) <dimZ. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)