bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Developmental coordination disorder and aerobic fitness: is it all in their heads or is measurement still the problem?
Authors: Cairney John , Hay John A. , Wade Terrance J. , Faught Brent E. , Flouris Andreas 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDevelopmental coordination disorder (DCD) is characterized by motor inproficiency, resulting in significant impairments in social and/or academic functioning. About 5–9% of all school‐age children are affected. Previous research has shown that children with DCD have lower aerobic fitness levels than children without the disorder, although the reasons for this have not been tested in the literature. A potential explanation may lie in perceived adequacy regarding performance in physical activity. Although negative perceptions of adequacy in children with DCD likely reflect an accurate appraisal of actual physical abilities, aerobic fitness tests typically require minimal coordination skills. Children who perceive themselves to be less adequate are unlikely to persist at a task and may give up sooner on these tests of endurance. Using a large community based sample of children ages 9 through 14 (n = 586), we examine whether differences in aerobic fitness (assessed by performance on a 20‐m shuttle run test) between children who meet the criteria for DCD (n = 44) and those who do not (n = 542) is due to differences in perceived adequacy toward physical activity. Our results show that one‐third of the effect of DCD on VO2 can be attributed to differences in perceived adequacy. These results suggest that at least part of the reason children perform less well on tests of aerobic endurance is because they do not believe themselves to be as adequate as other children at physically active pursuits. The implications of this for further research are discussed. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:66–70, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predictors of South African male testosterone levels: the THUSA study
Authors: Gray P.B. , Kruger A. , Huisman H.W. , Wissing M.P. , Vorster H.H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe process of urbanization occurring in many developing countries may have consequences for reproductive endocrine function. Here, we test predictions concerning variation in South African male testosterone levels among subgroups across an urbanization gradient representing differences in both geography and socioeconomic status. Subjects included 364 males aged between 20 and 82 comprising a cross‐sectional study conducted between 1996 and 1998. Testosterone levels were measured from serum samples obtained between 08:00 and 11:00. In ANCOVA analysis, male testosterone levels differed significantly along this rural‐to‐urban gradient, with members of the most urban group having higher testosterone levels than groups of farmers and inhabitants of informal housing areas adjacent to towns. Testosterone levels declined with age and were negatively related to body mass index (BMI). Testosterone levels did not differ according to HIV status. Further exploratory ANCOVA analyses revealed that physical activity levels, depression, affect, and hostility were not significantly associated with variation in testosterone levels. These data help document causes of variation in male testosterone levels in a context of urbanization and may have implications for clinical outcomes such as the development of a male hormonal contraceptive or prostate cancer. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:123–132, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geographical differences in physiques of male youth of age 18–20 years in China
Authors: Lei Shang , Yong‐Yong Xu , Xun Jiang , Xiao‐Han Du 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThree national surveys on the physical status of 18‐, 19‐, and 20‐year‐old male candidates for military service were carried out in six geographic regions of China in 1955, 1974, and 2001. Data from these surveys for 72,000 individuals were compared by region, by time, and by age, and estimates of incremental changes by decade were made. Overall, at all time points, males in the north and northeast areas were larger and heavier than males in the southwest. Similarly, the proportion of males in the north and northeast who were overweight was greater than in the other areas. The proportion classified as “thin” was highest in the south, southwest, and northwest, reaching 42.6% in the northwest. When urban and rural areas were compared, the mean value of every measure in every region was higher for urban youth, with all but two comparisons reaching significance (P<0.05). Differences of chest circumference among age groups were significant, as were differences in height, weight, and body mass index for 18‐year‐olds compared to 20‐year‐olds. Overall, height increments per decade were greatest for males in the southwest (average of age groups 1.79 cm, 1974 to 2001) and least in the northeast (1.08), indicating some tendency toward convergence over time. Weight increments per decade over the same time were greatest in north China (1.37 kg) and least in the northwest region (0.58 kg). Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:141–148, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Islands Inside an Island: Reproductive Isolates on Jerba Island
Authors: Loueslati Besma Yacoubi , Cherni Lotfi , Khodjet‐Elkhil Houssein , Ennafaa Hajer , Pereira Luísa , Amorim António , Ben Ayed Farhat , Ben Ammar Elgaaied Amel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractJerba Island, located in South Eastern Tunisia, is inhabited by four ethnic groups: Berbers, Arabs, sub‐Saharans, and Jews. All live in distinct areas, although the Arabs are also distributed all over the island. The first Arab settlement was founded in the 7th century A.D., so co‐existence with Berbers has lasted for more than a millennium. Religious and cultural differences have represented an obstacle to the intermixing of these groups, and among both Arabs and Berbers marriages usually occur between members from the same extended family. Using new mtDNA data and previously described Y‐chromosome STR‐defined haplotypes, we tested whether this reported inbreeding would be reflected in the differentiation between Berber and Arab communities. Concerning mtDNA, the Berber group presented a greater Eurasian contribution (87%), and, surprisingly, no U6 haplotypes were found; in contrast, the Arabs showed a larger contribution of sub‐Saharan lineages (24%) and the U6 haplogroup amounted to 10%. Another source of evidence for the reproductive isolation of the two groups was revealed through the analysis of haplotype matching (both mtDNA and Y‐chromosome), showing that matching probabilities between them is of the same order of magnitude of that observed when contrasting samples from different European countries. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 18:149–153, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New reconstruction of Krapina 5, a male Neandertal cranial vault from Krapina, Croatia
Authors: Caspari Rachel , Radovčić Jakov 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Neandertals from Krapina, Croatia represent some of the geologically oldest Neandertals known, and they comprise the largest Neandertal collection from a single site in the world. However, comparisons of the Krapina material with other, later Neandertals have been limited both because of their fragmentary condition and because the sample has a disproportionate number of females and/or young individuals. This paper presents a preliminary description of our new reconstruction of Krapina 5, an adult male, and provides comparisons with females from Krapina and with later Neandertal males from Western Europe. Like other hominid sites with large samples, there is considerable cranial variation at Krapina; we believe that some, but clearly not all of it is due to sexual dimorphism. Although Krapina 5 differs from the later males in a number of features, such as cranial thickness, cranial height, and sagittal curvature, it fits well within the male Neandertal range for most other metric variables, including cranial capacity. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic diversity within a caste population of India as measured by Y‐chromosome haplogroups and haplotypes: Subcastes of the Golla of Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Mitchell R. John , Reddy B. Mohan , Campo David , Infantino Tania , Kaps Maria , Crawford Michael H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe extent of population subdivision based on 15 Y‐chromosome polymorphisms was studied in seven subcastes of the Golla (Karnam, Pokanati, Erra, Doddi, Punugu, Puja, and Kurava), who inhabit the Chittoor district of southern Andhra Pradesh, India. These Golla subcastes are traditionally pastoralists, culturally homogeneous and endogamous. DNA samples from 146 Golla males were scored for seven unique event polymorphisms (UEPs) and eight microsatellites, permitting allocation of each into haplogroups and haplotypes, respectively. Genetic diversity (D) was high (range, 0.9048–0.9921), and most of the genetic variance (>91%) was explained by intrapopulation differences. Median‐joining network analysis of microsatellite haplotypes demonstrated an absence of any structure according to subcaste affiliation. Superimposition of UEPs on this phylogeny, however, did create some distinct clusters, indicating congruence between haplotype and haplogroup phylogenies. Our results suggest many male ancestors for the Golla as well as for each of the subcastes. Genetic distances among the seven subcastes, based on autosomal markers (short tandem repeats and human leukocyte antigens) as well as those on the chromosome Y, indicate that the Kurava may not be a true subcaste of the Golla. Although this finding is based on a very small Kurava sample, it is in accordance with ethnohistorical accounts related by community elders. The Punugu was the first to hive off the main Golla group, and the most recently separated subcastes (Karnam, Erra, Doddi, and Pokanati) fissioned from the Puja. This phylogeny receives support from the analysis of autosomal microsatellites as well as HLA loci in the same samples. In particular, there is a significant correlation (r = 0.8569; P = 0.0097) between Y‐chromosome‐ and autosomal STR‐based distances. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Belastungsversuche an “Siegwartdecken”
Authors: Quade Jochen , Wojan Immanuel , Dehn Frank 
Published: December 2005

AbstractZwei Gebäude des Österreichviertels in Dessau werden zur Zeit modernisiert und saniert. In den Mauerwerksbauten von 1939/1940 kamen als Decken montierbare Hohlbalken nach “Siegwart” zum Einsatz. Trennrisse in fast allen Räumen beeinträchtigten die Zusammenwirkung der benachbarten Balken, so daß zuverlässige rechnerische Nachweise der Tragsicherheit und Gebrauchstauglichkeit nicht zu führen waren. Sie konnten mit Hilfe von Belastungsversuchen und Vergleichsberechnungen erbracht werden.
Bewehrte Elastomerlager – Erkenntnisstand und Defizite
Authors: Eggert Helmut 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBewehrte Elastomerlager werden seit etwa 50 Jahren im Brükkenbau verwendet. Sie wurden in der Vergangenheit mit einfachen, in DIN 4141 Teil 14 formulierten Regeln bemessen.In der künftigen Europäischen Norm EN 1337 Teil 3, die die deutsche Norm ablösen wird, sind die Regeln deutlich komplizierter, ohne daß neue Erkenntnisse vorliegen. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird der vorhandene Kenntnisstand skizziert und auf noch vorhandene offene Fragen als Anregung für künftige Forschungen hingewiesen.
Accuracy of Safety Valve Two‐Phase Mass Flow Capacity Sizing
Authors: Derlien H. , Friedel L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe method specified in ISO/CD 4126–10 exhibits the highest accuracy compared to other models used in industry and academia. At the same time it allows for an oversizing of the necessary relief area under all test conditions. The average or statistical reproductive accuracy is characterized by an unacceptable logarithmic scatter of about 80 %.
Computer Aided Molecular Design of Solvents for Separation Processes
Authors: Yang X. , Song H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new algorithm, the classified enumeration, is proposed to solve computer aided molecular design of solvents for separation processes. In this method, all groups are sorted into two parts, skeleton groups and function groups. The former can constitute alkane, arene (aromatic hydrocarbon) or cycloalkane, the latter are the remainder. The skeleton groups are combined to form molecules of alkane, arene or cycloalkane as the base by enumeration. The function groups replace the corresponding skeleton groups in the molecule of the base to build other molecules. The properties of all acquired molecules are calculated using group contribution methods to find the proper solvents for the separation process. When considering industrial practicability, the number of kinds of function groups are limited so that combinatorial explosion is avoided. Finally, several examples are presented to illustrate the availability of the method.
Rotor‐Stator and Disc Systems for Emulsification Processes
Authors: Urban K. , Wagner G. , Schaffner D. , Röglin D. , Ulrich J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEmulsions now find a wide range of applications in industry and daily life. In the pharmaceutical industry lipophilic active ingredients as well as many nutritional products such as vitamins are often formulated in the dispersed phase of oil‐in‐water emulsions. Emulsions can be produced with different mechanical emulsification techniques. In the following review, the process of rotor‐stator systems and disc systems are compared to other popular mechanical emulsification systems. On the basis of experimental results from the authors' laboratory, a discontinuous gear‐rim dispersing system, discontinuous disc system, and a continuous high pressure system are compared with regard to their attainable mean droplet diameter and drop size distribution in an oil‐in‐water emulsion. It can be shown that dissolver discs with a very simple geometry attain very small mean droplet diameters and a very narrow droplet size distribution, comparable to the emulsions obtained with established rotor‐stator systems such as gear‐rim dispersers.
Clustering multivariate time‐series data
Authors: Singhal Ashish , Seborg Dale E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA new methodology for clustering multivariate time‐series data is proposed. The new methodology is based on calculating the degree of similarity between multivariate time‐series datasets using two similarity factors. One similarity factor is based on principal component analysis and the angles between the principal component subspaces while the other is based on the Mahalanobis distance between the datasets. The standardK‐means clustering algorithm is modified to cluster multivariate time‐series datasets using similarity factors. Simulation data from two nonlinear dynamic systems: a batch fermentation and a continuous exothermic chemical reactor, are clustered to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. Comparisons with existing clustering methods show several advantages of the proposed method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of X‐Delta‐2 in the early neural development of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Peres João N. , Durston Antony J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Drosophila Delta gene and its vertebrate homologues are ligands for the Notch receptor and are involved in a variety of developmental processes, including neurogenesis, boundary formation, and axon guidance. This study deals with the ectodermal expression and function of X‐Delta‐2 during early Xenopus laevis development. X‐Delta‐2 is expressed, from early neurula stages on, throughout the central nervous system (CNS; forebrain, eyes, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord) and in the majority of the cranial placodes. Loss of function experiments using a morpholino knockdown approach revealed that X‐Delta‐2 is necessary for hindbrain segmentation and the correct specification of the anterior CNS. X‐Delta‐2 also seems to be important in the determination of the size of the eyes. Furthermore, our results suggest that X‐Delta‐2 is involved in the migration of the cranial placodes cells, as well the migration of the cranial neural crest cells. Developmental Dynamics 235:802–810, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stabilized finite elements for 3D reactive flows
Authors: Braack M. , Richter Th. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective of this work is the numerical solution of chemically reacting flows in three dimensions described by detailed reaction mechanism. The contemplated problems include, e.g. burners with 3D geometry. Contrary to the usual operator splitting method the equations are treated fully coupled with a Newton solver. This leads to the necessity of the solution of large linear non‐symmetric, indefinite systems. Due to the complexity of the regarded problems we combine a variety of numerical methods, as there are goal‐oriented adaptive mesh refinement, a parallel multigrid solver for the linear systems and economical stabilization techniques for the stiff problems.By blocking the solution components for every ansatz function and applying special matrix structures for each block of degrees of freedom, we can significantly reduce the required memory effort without worsening the convergence. Considering the Galerkin formulation of the regarded problems this is established by using lumping of the mass matrix and the chemical source terms. However, this technique is not longer feasible for ‘standard’ stabilized finite elements as for instance Galerkin least squares techniques or streamline diffusion. Those stabilized schemes are well established for Navier–Stokes flows but for reactive flows, they introduce many further couplings into the system compared to Galerkin formulations. In this work, we discuss this issue in connection with combustion in more detail and propose the local projection stabilization technique for reactive flows. Beside the robustness of the arising linear systems we are able to maintain the problem‐adapted matrix structures presented above. Finally, we will present numerical results for the proposed methods. In particular, we simulate a methane burner with a detailed reaction system involving 15 chemical species and 84 elementary reactions. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identification of a new cancer/testis gene family, CT47, among expressed multicopy genes on the human X chromosome
Authors: Chen Yao‐Tseng , Iseli Christian , Venditti Charis A. , Old Lloyd J. , Simpson Andrew J. G. , Jongeneel C. Victor 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCancer/testis (CT) genes are normally expressed in germ cells only, yet are reactivated and expressed in some tumors. Of the approximately 40 CT genes or gene families identified to date, 20 are on the X chromosome and are present as multigene families, many with highly conserved members. This indicates that novel CT gene families may be identified by detecting duplicated expressed genes on chromosome X. By searching for transcript clusters that map to multiple locations on the chromosome, followed by in silico analysis of their gene expression profiles, we identified five novel gene families with testis‐specific expression and >98% sequence identity among family members. The expression of these genes in normal tissues and various tumor cell lines and specimens was evaluated by qualitative and quantitative RT‐PCR, and a novel CT gene family with at least 13 copies was identified on Xq24, designated as CT47. mRNA expression of CT47 was found mainly in the testes, with weak expression in the placenta. Brain tissue was the only positive somatic tissue tested, with an estimated CT47 transcript level 0.09% of that found in testis. Among the tumor specimens tested, CT47 expression was found in ∼15% of lung cancer and esophageal cancer specimens, but not in colorectal cancer or breast cancer. The putative CT47 protein consists of 288 amino acid residues, with a C‐terminus rich in alanine and glutamic acid. The only species other than human in which a gene homologous to CT47 has been detected is the chimpanzee, with the predicted protein showing ∼80% identity in its carboxy terminal region. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of new Notch2 mutant alleles
Authors: McCright Brent , Lozier Julie , Gridley Thomas 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved intercellular signaling mechanism, and mutations in its components disrupt embryonic development in many organisms and cause inherited diseases in humans. We previously described construction and analysis of a hypomorphic allele of the Notch2 gene. Homozygosity for this allele leads to embryonic and perinatal lethality due to cardiovascular and kidney defects. We report here novel Notch2 mutant alleles generated by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells, including a conditional null allele in which exon 3 of the Notch2 gene is flanked by loxP sequences. These new Notch2 mutant alleles expand the set of tools available for studying the myriad roles of the Notch pathway during mammalian development and will enable analysis of Notch2 function at additional stages of embryogenesis and in adult mice. genesis 44:29–33, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interaction of OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with cigarette smoking in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Hashimoto Tomoko , Uchida Kenichiro , Okayama Naoko , Imate Yuji , Suehiro Yutaka , Hamanaka Yuichiro , Ueyama Yoshiya , Yamashita Hiroshi , Hinoda Yuji 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRecent molecular epidemiological studies have demonstrated that the human oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) gene polymorphism may be associated with various cancers. To determine whether the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism interacts with clinicopathological parameters including smoking and alcohol intake in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), DNA samples from 192 patients with primary HNSCC were genotyped and studied by the case‐only design. We observed an association between the Cys/Cys genotype and HNSCC with cigarette smoking of more than 40 pack‐years by a multivariate logistic regression analysis (OR = 8.10, 95% CI = 1.06–61.73). No significant association of this genotype with alcohol intake was observed. Our present data suggest a possible interaction between the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and smoking in HNSCC. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
‘Magic blue’ — subtle reagent for EPR studies on H‐abstraction from various substrates
Authors: Dou Hong‐Yan , Ni Hong‐Bo , Lin Zheng‐Huan , Zhao Cheng‐Xue 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper is an EPR study on the generation of new ‘magic blue’ (MB) reagent containing bis{perfluoro[1‐(2‐fluorosulfonyl)ethoxy]ethyl}nitroxide 2 and perfluoro[1‐nitroso‐1‐(2‐fluorosulfonyl)ethoxy]ethane 3, both bearing chemically convertible terminal ω‐fluorosulfonyl group SO2F, and its H‐abstraction reactions from arylalkanes, alcohols, aldehydes and polymers, leading to a large number of new fluorinated nitroxides (FN). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A 1H, 13C and 15N NMR study in solution and in the solid state of six N‐substituted pyrazoles and indazoles
Authors: Claramunt Rosa M. , Santa María M. Dolores , Sanz Dionisia , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero José 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThree N‐substituted pyrazoles and three N‐substituted indazoles [1‐(4‐nitrophenyl)‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (1), 1‐(2,4‐dinitrophenyl)‐3,5‐dimethylpyrazole (2), 1‐tosyl‐pyrazole (3), 1‐p‐chlorobenzoylindazole (4), 1‐tosylinda‐zole (5) and 2‐(2‐hydroxy‐2‐phenylethyl)‐indazole (6)] have been studied by NMR spectroscopy in solution (1H, 13C, 15N) and in the solid state (13C, 15N). The chemical shifts have been compared with GIAO/DFT calculated absolute shieldings. Some discrepancies have been analyzed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.