bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Added NaCl on the Binding of Sodium Perfluorooctanoate to Lysozyme in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Fukushima Kohsuke , Sugihara Gohsuke , Murata Yoshio , Tanaka Mitsuru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The binding isotherms of sodium perfluorooctanoate (SPFO) to lysozyme have been investigated as a function of added NaCl by a potentiometric method utilizing a perfluorooctanoate ion selective electrode. The general feature of the binding of SPFO to lysozyme resembled that of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Although the lysozyme–SPFO system is different in detail from that of lysozyme–sodium dodecyl sulfate system, resulting from the mutual phobicity and the difference in hydrophobicity, the binding mechanism proposed for lysozyme–sodium dodecyl sulfate system can be true also for the binding of SPFO to lysozyme.
Multiatomic Ion Model for Interdiffusion in the System Na2O–CaO–SiO2
Authors: Nanba Masao , Oishi Yasumichi , Wakabayashi Hajimu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Concentration distributions after interdiffusion at 1200 °C were analysed for the diffusion couple of average composition 16Na2O·12CaO·72SiO2 (wt%) in terms of self-diffusion coefficients of constituent elements. Theoretical calculation was conducted using a multiatomic ion model assuming that Si migrates with oxygens as a silicate ion. The composition of the silicate ion was estimated by determining the parameters in the diffusion equation so as to provide the best fit of the theoretical calculations to the experimental concentration profiles.
The Solubility of Ball-milled Amobarbital and the Stability of Its Amorphous State
Authors: Ikekawa Akiko , Hayakawa Sohachiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Amobarbital was ball-milled with methylcellulose (MC), microcrystalline cellulose, or dextran. The analysis of the IR spectra indicated that hydrogen bonds were formed between the C=O groups of amobarbital and the OH groups of the diluents upon ball-milling. It was also shown that formation of the bonds was more predominant with MC than with dextran. After suspensions of various kinds of samples in distilled water had been set aside for a week after the time of preparation, the solid state of the amobarbital remaining undissolved in the suspension was compared with the state before dissolution. There are three kinds of polymorphs for amobarbital: Crystals I, II, and III. Crystal I is given by heating Crystal II (at 150 °C), which has been recrystallized from a 25 v/v% aqueous ethanol solution. Crystal III is given by freeze-drying an aqueous solution. The above comparison suggests that Crystal III and the amorphous part are transformed into Crystal I in the absence of any diluent. It seems that the presence of dextran ball-milled with amobarbital prevents Crystal III from being transformed into Crystal I. The presence of MC ball-milled with amobarbital also seems to prevent both the amorphous part from crystallization and Crystal III from transformation into Crystal I. The solubility of amobarbital in distilled water increased remarkably upon ball-milling with diluents; this was attributed to the stabilization of the amorphous state by the interaction with diluents.
Thermal Stability Enhancement of Liquid-crystal Phase by Chargetransfer Interaction in Binary Mixtures. Application of Solid-solution Model
Authors: Iida Yôichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phase transition in liquid crystal of binary mixture consisting of electron donor and acceptor was examined by using modified solid-solution model. The charge-transfer interaction between donor and acceptor is essential for parallel molecular arrangement in liquid crystal, resulting in thermal stability enhancement of mesophase in binary mixture.
Synthesis and Characterization of Substituted Derivatives of (Tetraazacycloalkadienato)nickel(II) Complexes with Uninegative Ligands, and Crystal Structure of Parent Complex [Ni(Me2[14]dienatoN4)]Br·H2
Authors: Matsumoto Naohide , Wakizaka Kenichiro , Ohyoshi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The (tetraazacycloalkadienato)nickel(II) complexes [Ni(Me2[Z]dienatoN4)]+ (Z=13, 14), which have an unsaturated chelate ring containing nucleophilic center, react with electrophilic reagents such as benzoyl chloride. p-methylbenzoyl chloride, and p-nitrobenzoyl chloride to give the substituted derivatives [Ni(Me2E[Z]dienatiN4)PF6. These complexes have been characterized by elemental analyses, 1H NMR, infrared, and electronic spectra. One of the parent complexes [Ni(Me2[14]dienatoN4)]Br·H2O has been subjected to the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique and its structural data indicated that the average Ni–N bond distance is longer than that of the corresponding thirteen membered complex.
Preparation of Poly(dicarbon monofluoride) from Petroleum Coke
Authors: Watanabe Nobuatsu , Ashida Yoshinori , Nakajima Tsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Graphite fluoride containing more than 60% poly(dicarbon monofluoride) (C2F)n was prepared from petroleum coke heat-treated at 2700 °C at a temperature between 337 and 460 °C. The interlayer spacings and F/C ratios of these graphite fluorides were in the ranges of 0.8–0.74 nm and 0.58–0.68, respectively. The (C2F)n content in graphite fluoride also increased with increasing fluorine pressure.
Bromination of Methoxybiphenylenes
Authors: Kidokoro Hiroto , Sato Masaru , Ebine Seiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Bromination of 2-methoxybiphenylene derivatives did not give biphenyl derivatives but benzocyclooctene derivatives. 1-Methoxybiphenylene, on the other hand, was brominated to give the benzobicyclo[4.2.0]octadienone derivatives.
Michael Additions Catalyzed by Metal(II) Complexes
Authors: Watanabe Ken-ichi , Miyazu Ken-ichi , Irie Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Michael-addition reactions have been found to proceed in the presence of the Ni(OAc)2 or Co(OAc)2-2,2′-bipyridine complex in DMF under neutral conditions at room temperature without any by-product. The reactions of chalcone and its derivatives with nitromethane generally gave good results. The effects of metal(II) ions, ligands, counter ions, and solvents on the catalysis were examined, and the features of the metal-complex-catalyzed Michael reactions were studied, with some considerations also being given to the catalysis mechanism.
Confirmation of the Sector Rule of the Benzenoid Chromophore
Authors: Hagishita Sanji , Kuriyama Kaoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,2,3,4,4a,9,9a,10-Octahydroanthracene and tetralin derivatives with known absolute configurations were synthesized to estimate the contribution of a methyl substituent at the third sphere to the Cotton effect induced in the benzenoid transitions. The contributions were estimated from the CD spectra obtained based on the conformation of the skeleton deduced by Force Field Theory and the assumption that the contributions are additive. A large contribution was observed for the 1-quasiequatorial-methyl group in the 1Lb benzenoid transition and for the 2-axial-methyl group in the 1La benzenoid transition. The sign agreed well with the rule proposed by Snatzke except for the contribution of ring B in the 1La benzenoid transition.
Kinetics of Gas Phase Addition Reactions of Trichlorosilyl Radicals. IV. Relative Rates of Additions to 1-Alkenes
Authors: Dohmaru Takaaki , Nagata Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Trichlorosilyl radical additions to a mixture of ethene, propene, 1-butene, and 1-pentene and to a mixture of propene and 2-methylpropene have been investigated. The rate of adduct formation from each olefin was obtained relative to that from propene between 403 K and 548 K. These relative rates are in good agreement with those calculated from the rate parameters obtained previously in this laboratory.
Studies on 2-Aziridinecarboxylic Acid. VIII. Total Synthesis of Actinomycin D and Its Serine Analogue via Ring-opening Reaction of 1-Benzyloxycarbonyl-2-aziridinecarboxylic Acid Moiety
Authors: Nakajima Kiichiro , Tanaka Takumi , Neya Masahiro , Okawa Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Direct synthesis of peptides containing 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-2-aziridinecarboxylic acid were carried out by the reaction of β-hydroxy-α-amino acid peptides with DEAD–TPP reagents, and key O-peptide intermediates of actinomycin D synthesis were prepared via a ring-opening reaction of the aziridine with N-protected dipeptide. Peptide lactone was prepared by the DCC–HOBt method, and the subsequent debenzyl procedure and oxydation procedure gave the title compounds in good yields.
Synthesis and Oxidative Cyclization of 3-(1-Cycloalkenyl)tropolones
Authors: Imafuku Kimiaki , Inoue Kyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-(1-Cyclopentenyl)-, 3-(1-cyclohexenyl)-, and 3-(1-cycloheptenyl)tropolones (3a, 3b, and 3c) were prepared by the hydrolysis of cycloadducts of dichloroketene to cyclopentylidene-, cyclohexylidene-, and cycloheptylidenecyclopentadiene, respectively. Compound 3a was oxidized with performic acid to give 1,2,3,5-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]cyclopenta[d]furan-5-one and 3-(2-oxocyclopentyl)tropolone. Oxidation of 3b and 3c gave 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6H-cyclohepta[b]benzofuran-6-one (4b) and 5,7,8,9,10,11-hexahydrodicyclohepta[b,d]furan-5-one, respectively. Dehydrogenation of 4b with palladium catalyst gave 6H-cyclohepta[b]benzofuran-6-one.
A Novel Synthesis of a Branched-chain Amino Sugar, Methyl 2-Amino-2,3-dideoxy-3-C-formyl-α-d-xylofuranoside-3′R,5-hemiacetal
Authors: Tatsuta Kuniaki , Miyashita Satoru , Akimoto Kohji , Kinoshita Mitsuhiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl 2-amino-2N,3O-(o-benzenedisulfonyl)-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside, which was prepared from methyl 2-amino-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranoside and o-benzenedisulfonyl dichloride, was treated with sodium methoxide to afford exclusively a branched-chain amino sugar, methyl 2,3-dideoxy-3-C-formyl-2-(o-sulfobenzenesulfonyl)amino-α-d-xylofuranoside-3′R,5-hemiacetal sodium salt (6). Some derivatives were synthesized from 6.
The Photoreduction and Photosensitized Reduction of Dyes Bound to a Surfactant Micellar Surface
Authors: Usui Yoshiharu , Saga Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reduction of thionine(Th) and Methylene Blue(MB) bound to anionic sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS) micelles in an aqueous solution was inhibited at the lower concentration range of a reductant anion, EDTA, because of the electrostatic repulsion between the micelles and the reductant. The concentration dependence of EDTA on the quantum yield of photoreduction has shown to be, anomalously a sigmoidal type: this is explained by mechanistic interpretation based on the cooperative effects of the ionic strength and the essential concentration of EDTA. The enhancement effect for the quantum yield of the photoreduction of eosine bound to a cationic micelle by the EDTA anion was conversely observed, because of the electrostatic attraction. When 10-dodecyl) (Acridine Orange) was incorporated into SDS micelles in water containing EDTA and ascorbic acid, and the mixture was excited, the photosensitized reduction of MB bound to the micelles occurred. It was found that the quantum yield of the sensitized reduction depended on the concentration of MB and was larger than the yield on the direct excitation of MB.
Preparation and Electrical Properties of Eu(II)xNb(IV)O2+x
Authors: Ishikawa Kenji , Adachi Gin-ya , Shiokawa Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nonstoichiometric compounds, EuxNbO2+x, were prepared. A cubic tungsten bronze type structure was found in the single phase region of EuxNbO2+x (0.5≤x≤1.0). Magnetic susceptibility measurements showed that the oxidation state of europium in the bronzes was bivalent. The EuxNbO2+x was a metallic conductor in the temperature range 4.2–300 K. Thermoelectromotive force measurements (100–350 K) indicated that the charge carriers were electrons and that the effective mass of the electrons increased with decreasing x in EuxNbO2+x.
Comment on Momentum Distributions of Valence Electrons of Atoms and Simple Molecules
Authors: Suzuki Isao H , Brion C E 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relationship between vertical ionization potentials and experimental electron momentum distributions of individual valence orbitals has been examined in some series of orbitals with the same characteristics of atoms and simple molecules. It has been found that effectively pure s- and p-orbitals show trends consistent with the predicitions of the virial theorem.
Standard Enthalpies of Combustion and Vaporization of N,N-Dimethylaniline
Authors: Furukawa Jun-ichi , Sakiyama Minoru , Seki Syûzô , Saito Yoshihiro , Kusano Kazuhito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Standard energy of combustion and standard enthalpy of vaporization of N,N-dimethylaniline have been determined by oxygen bomb combustion calorimetry and vaporization calorimetry, respectively. Derived standard enthalpies at 298.15 K are as follows: ΔHc°(1)=−(4767.8±3.2), ΔHf°(1)=(47.7±3.4), ΔHv°=(52.83±0.03), and ΔHf°(g)=(100.5±3.4) kJ mol−1, respectively.
Synthesis of Polymethyl Crown Ethers. A New Class of Lipophilic Crown Ethers
Authors: Ikeda Isao , Yamamura Shingo , Okahara Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new class of lipophilic polymethyl crown ethers were synthesized from oligopropylene glycols via the intramolecular cyclization, and the stability constants of some complexes in methanol were determined.
Reaction between Enamines and Schiff Basess. Evidence for the Thermal [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction
Authors: Nomura Yujiro , Kimura Muneaki , Shibata Tomoyuki , Takeuchi Yoshito , Tomoda Shuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reaction between 4-(1-phenyl-1-propenyl)morpholine and N-benzylideneanilines provided N-(3-aryl-2-methyl-1-phenylallylidene)anilines in 60–65% yields, which unequivocally established the initial [2+2] cycloaddition reaction between enamines and Schiff bases.
Photochemical Reactions in Polyethylene Glycol. 2. Photo-induced Nucleophilic Substitution of Dimethoxybenzenes in the Presence of Polyethylene Glycol
Authors: Suzuki Nobutaka , Ayaguchi Yasuo , Izawa Yasuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polyethylene glycol can replace crown ether as co-solvent for photochemical substitution reactions of dimethoxybenzenes with KCN in CH2Cl2 in either the presence or the absence of terephthalonitrile.
A Method for the Determination of Mutual Diffusion Coefficients of Electrolytes in Water by Means of Conductivity Measurements
Authors: Kamakura Katsuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method for determining diffusion coefficients of electrolytes was studied by the use of a conductance cell made of a Pyrex glass tube (4–7 cm in diameter and 6.5 cm in length). A pair of platinized platinum electrodes are sealed into the tube at a position 10 mm below the top of the glass tube. The diffusion was carried out from solution in the cell to an outer solvent, and the rate was measured from the decrease in conductance at a fixed position in the cell. In the graphical relation between the measured diffusion coefficient and the time, the differential diffusion coefficient at the initial concentration of the diffusing solution was estimated by extrapolation of the linear portion of the plot to time→0. The differential diffusion coefficients obtained in 0.1 mol dm−3 solutions at 25 °C were as follows: HCl, (3.12±0.08)×10−5; KI, (1.909±0.020)×10−5; NaCl, (1.520±0.016)×10−5; 1/2Na2SO4, (1.059±0.028)×10−5; CuSO4, (0.610±0.033)×10−5 cm2 s−1.
An Evaluation of the Effective HLB of Surface-active Crown Compounds
Authors: Kuo Ping-Lin , Ikeda Isao , Okahara Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hydrophilicity of surface-active crown compounds and their change upon the addition of electrolytes were investigated by measuring the phase-inversion temperature (PIT), the phenol index, and the cloud point. Sodium chloride and potassium chloride were observed to raise the hydrophilicity of 15-crowns and 18-crowns respectively, in contrast with their lowering effect on the hydrophilicity of usual poly(oxyethylene)-type nonionics. The effective HLBs of dodecyl crown ethers, estimated from both the PIT and the phenol index, were compared with those of poly(oxyethylene) dodecyl ethers, and the hydrophilicity of the crown rings were discussed in conjunction with that of the poly(oxyethylene) chain.
Effect of Adsorption by Cellulose Acetate Membrane on Reverse Osmosis of Some Monoamino Monocarboxylic and Monoamino Dicarboxylic Acids in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tozawa Osami , Nomura Danji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Taft’s polar and steric parameters, Σσ*, ΣEs, and nonpolar parameter, ΣS* governing the reverse osmosis of nonionized polar aliphatic and alicyclic organic compounds using a cellulose acetate membrane were also applicable to aliphatic monoamino monocarboxylic acids having zwitter ion structure. These three parameters were further extended so as to include the cases of sulfur-containing amino acids, hydroxy-substituted, and aromatic type amino acids. Reverse osmosis of monoamino monocarboxylic acids in binary aqueous solution systems containing l-alanine was carried out. As a result, added amino acids were adsorbed by the membrane when added in low concentration (&lt;0.001 mol dm−3), and the permeation of l-alanine was governed by the difference of Taft’s polar parameter between l-alanine and the added amino acid. Reverse osmosis of monoamino dicarboxylic acids indicated that hydrogen ions were adsorbed by the membrane, and the adsorption isotherms of hydrogen ions were approximately represented by the Langmuir formula for each amino acid. The electrostatic repulsion between R− ionic species in monoamino dicarboxylic acid and the negatively dissociated groups of the membrane was weakened by neutralization of the membrane by hydrogen ion adsorption, resulting in decreased amino acid rejection. It was noted that the ultraviolet spectrum and the titration curve of permeate of amino acids were different from those of the feed solution; relationship between this phenomenon and adsorption of hydrogen ions was investigated.
Estimation of Parameters, G11, G22, and G12 in the Kirkwood-Buff Solution Theory on the Basis of the Concentration Fluctuation Data Obtained from Rayleigh Scattering
Authors: Kato Tadashi , Fujiyama Tsunetake , Nomura Hiroyasu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A concentration fluctuation value obtained from Rayleigh scattering intensity was confirmed to give a thermodynamic quantity of an equilibrium system. An observation of concentration fluctuation by a light scattering method was found to be the most direct and useful way of determining a concentration derivative of a chemical potential. For methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol–carbon tetrachloride systems, the Kirkwood-Buff parameters, G11, G22, and G12, were determined by the use of concentration fluctuation data. The structure of these systems was discussed on the basis of the calculated Kirkwood-Buff parameters.
ortho-Disubstituted F-Benzenes. IV. The Formation of 2-Acyl-F-phenyl Carboxylates from (F-Benzo)furans by the Oxidative Cleavage of the Furan-ring
Authors: Inukai Yoshinari , Sonoda Takaaki , Kobayashi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2,3-Diphenyl-, 2-phenyl-3-methyl-, and 2-methyl-3-phenyl(F-benzo)furans were oxidized with chromium trioxide in acetic acid to yield 2-benzoyl-F-phenyl benzoate, 2-acetyl-F-phenyl benzoate, and 2-benzoyl-F-phenyl acetate respectively, while 2-phenyl(F-benzo)furan was least susceptible to the same reagent, affording 1-(2-hydroxy-F-phenyl)-2-phenylethanedione in a poor yield. The spectral data of the products were compatible with the structure of ortho-disubstituted F-benzene.
Asymmetric Adsorption of Alanine by Quartz Powder from Ethanol Solution
Authors: Furuyama Shozo , Sawada Michio , Hachiya Kinji , Morimoto Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The asymmetric adsorption of the racemic alanine by the optically active quartz from ethanol solution at 8 °C was studied by the 14C-tracer method and the newly developed 14C-tracer·ninhydrin-colorimetry combination method. The preferential adsorption of l-alanine by levorotatory quartz (l-quartz) and d-alanine by dextrorotatory quartz (d-quartz) was confirmed. The asymmetric adsorptivity (As) falls in the range of 1.1–1.3, which is comparable with the value determined at −80 °C in the previous paper. The effects of water content in the ethanol solution and of the adsorption temperature upon the adsorption affinity of alanine to quartz were also measured. The cause for the asymmetric adsorption is discussed from the crystallographic point of view.
Studies of Unusual Amino Acids and Their Peptides. XIV. The Asymmetric Hydrogenation of the Phenylhydrazone of Methyl N-(3,3-Dimethyl-2-oxobutanoyl)-l-valinate
Authors: Miyazawa Toshifumi , Takashima Katsumi , Yamada Takashi , Kuwata Shigeru , Watanabe Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The asymmetric hydrogenation of the phenylhydrazone of methyl N-(3,3-dimethyl-2-oxobutanoyl)-l-valinate was investigated using palladium catalysts. The configuration of the newly formed t-leucine moiety was found to be l.
Selective Hydrogenation of Cyclic Diolefins to Monoolefins Catalyzed by a Nickel Complex
Authors: Sakai Mutsuji , Harada Fumiya , Sakakibara Yasumasa , Uchino Norito 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Cyclic diolefins were hydrogenated selectively to monoolefins with a nickel catalyst prepared from bis(acetylacetonato)nickel(II), triethyldialuminium trichloride, and triphenylphosphine at 40 °C under an atmospheric hydrogen pressure.
Kinetic Studies of the Electron Transfer Reactions in Iron(II) and Iron(III) Systems. XII. The Ratios of the Reaction Rates of the Outer-sphere vs. Inner-sphere Electron Transfer Mechanisms in the Presence of X− (X−=Cl−, SCN−, and N3−) in Aqueous Solutions, as Judged from the Kinetics of the Dissociation Reactions of FeX2+
Authors: Wada Goro , Inatani Tomiko , Ichimura Sachiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron transfer reactions between Fe2+ and FeX2+ (X−=Cl−, SCN−, or N3−) may take place through the inner- or outer-sphere mechanism or through both in parallel. The process of the outer-sphere mechanism is just equivalent to the process of dissociation of FeX2+ catalyzed by Fe2+ in appearance. When the overall rate constant of the electron transfer reaction and the rate constant of Fe2+-assisted dissociation reaction of FeX2+ are denoted by kE and ko respectively, the fraction r of the outer-sphere mechanism to the total is given in terms of r=2ko⁄kE. Thus, the r values were determined with the results that r(Cl−)=44% at I=1.5 M (1 M=1 mol dm−3) and 25 °C, r(SCN−)=100% at I=0.5 M and 25 °C, and r(N3−)=0% at I=0.55 M and 10 °C. These facts suggest that r depends considerably upon the bridging ability of X−; formation of binuclear intermediate may be favored by the symmetrical structure and the size of X−, which make the inner-sphere mechanism easier with the stronger coordinate bond and the weaker electric repulsion between the two reactants beyond the bridging ligand.
Pyrolytic Sulfurization Gas Chromatography. XII. The Simultaneous Determination of the Atomic Ratio between C, H, O, and N in an Organic Compound at the Centimilligram Level
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Okui Fujio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The atomic ratio between C, H, O, and N in an ordinary organic compound and a metal organic chelate compound could be simultaneously and satisfactorily determined by the use of 30–130 μg of a sample which cannot be accurately weighed by a microbalance or an ultramicrobalance. This was done by adopting the following modifications: 1) The amount of S was reduced to 0.5 mg from the 5 mg used in the previous studies; 2) the stainless steel column in the gas chromatograph was replaced by a Teflon column; 3) the poly(vinyl chloride) and silicone rubber tubes were replaced by stainless steel and copper tubes; and 4) a correction procedure was established for the analysis of a small amount of a sample.