bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RB1 loss induces quiescent state through downregulation of RAS signaling in mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Gong Linxiang , Voon Dominic Chih‐Cheng , Nakayama Joji , Takahashi Chiaki , Kohno Susumu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhile loss of function (LOF) of retinoblastoma 1 (RB1) tumor suppressor is known to drive initiation of small‐cell lung cancer and retinoblastoma, RB1 mutation is rarely observed in breast cancers at their initiation. In this study, we investigated the impact on untransformed mammary epithelial cells given by RB1 LOF. Depletion of RB1 in anon‐tumorigenic MCF10A cells induced reversible growth arrest (quiescence) featured by downregulation of multiple cyclins and MYC, upregulation of p27KIP1, and lack of expression of markers which indicate cellular senescence or epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). We observed a similar phenomenon in human mammary epithelial cells (HMEC) as well. Additionally, we found that RB1 depletion attenuated the activity of RAS and the downstream MAPK pathway in an RBL2/p130‐dependent manner. The expression of farnesyltransferase β, which is essential for RAS maturation, was found to be downregulated following RB1 depletion also in an RBL2/p130‐dependent manner. These findings unveiled an unexpected mechanism whereby normal mammary epithelial cells resist to tumor initiation upon RB1 LOF.
Machine‐learning model for the prediction of acute orthostatic hypotension after levodopa administration
Authors: Liu Zhu , Lin Shinuan , Zhou Junhong , Wang Xuemei , Wang Zhan , Yang Yaqin , Ma Huizi , Chen Zhonglue , Ren Kang , Wu Lingyu , Zhuang Haimei , Ling Yun , Feng Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLevodopa could induce orthostatic hypotension (OH) in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Accurate prediction of acute OH post levodopa (AOHPL) is important for rational drug use in PD patients. Here, we develop and validate a prediction model of AOHPL to facilitate physicians in identifying patients at higher probability of developing AOHPL.MethodsThe study involved 497 PD inpatients who underwent a levodopa challenge test (LCT) and the supine‐to‐standing test (STS) four times during LCT. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether OH occurred during levodopa effectiveness (AOHPL) or not (non‐AOHPL). The dataset was randomly split into training (80%) and independent test data (20%). Several models were trained and compared for discrimination between AOHPL and non‐AOHPL. Final model was evaluated on independent test data. Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values were employed to reveal how variables explain specific predictions for given observations in the independent test data.ResultsWe included 180 PD patients without AOHPL and 194 PD patients with AOHPL to develop and validate predictive models. Random Forest was selected as our final model as its leave‐one‐out cross validation performance [AUC_ROC 0.776, accuracy 73.6%, sensitivity 71.6%, specificity 75.7%] outperformed other models. The most crucial features in this predictive model were the maximal SBP drop and DBP drop of STS before medication (ΔSBP/ΔDBP). We achieved a prediction accuracy of 72% on independent test data. ΔSBP, ΔDBP, and standing mean artery pressure were the top three variables that contributed most to the predictions across all individual observations in the independent test data.ConclusionsThe validated classifier could serve as a valuable tool for clinicians, offering the probability of a patient developing AOHPL at an early stage. This supports clinical decision‐making, potentially enhancing the quality of life for PD patients.
Neonatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Shepherd Emily , Karim Tasneem , McIntyre Sarah , Goldsmith Shona , Keir Amy , Badawi Nadia , Hunt Rod W. , Galinsky Robert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo review the evidence of the effects of neonatal magnesium sulphate for neuroprotection in perinatal asphyxia and hypoxic‐ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE).MethodThis was a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) (with meta‐analysis) and non‐RCTs assessing magnesium sulphate for treating perinatal asphyxia and HIE at 35 weeks or more gestation (primary outcomes: neonatal death and death or long‐term major neurodevelopmental disability).ResultsTwenty‐five RCTs (2099 infants) and four non‐RCTs (871 infants) were included, 23 in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). In RCTs, reductions in neonatal death with magnesium sulphate versus placebo or no treatment (risk ratio [RR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.53–0.86; 13 RCTs), and magnesium sulphate with melatonin versus melatonin alone (RR = 0.74; 95% CI = 0.58–0.95; one RCT) were observed. No difference in neonatal death was seen for magnesium sulphate with therapeutic hypothermia versus therapeutic hypothermia alone (RR = 0.66, 95% CI = 0.34–1.26; three RCTs), or magnesium sulphate versus phenobarbital (RR = 3.00; 95% CI = 0.86–10.46; one RCT). No reduction in death or long‐term neurodevelopmental disability (RR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.14–1.89; one RCT) but reductions in several short‐term adverse outcomes were observed with magnesium sulphate. Evidence was low‐ to very‐low certainty because of risk of bias and imprecision.InterpretationGiven the uncertainty of the current evidence, further robust neonatal magnesium sulphate research is justified. This may include high‐quality studies to determine stand‐alone effects in LMICs and effects with and after therapeutic hypothermia in high‐income countries.
The pupil dilation response as an indicator of visual cue uncertainty and auditory outcome surprise
Authors: Becker Janika , Viertler Marvin , Korn Christoph W. , Blank Helen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn everyday perception, we combine incoming sensory information with prior expectations. Expectations can be induced by cues that indicate the probability of following sensory events. The information provided by cues may differ and hence lead to different levels of uncertainty about which event will follow. In this experiment, we employed pupillometry to investigate whether the pupil dilation response to visual cues varies depending on the level of cue‐associated uncertainty about a following auditory outcome. Also, we tested whether the pupil dilation response reflects the amount of surprise about the subsequently presented auditory stimulus. In each trial, participants were presented with a visual cue (face image) which was followed by an auditory outcome (spoken vowel). After the face cue, participants had to indicate by keypress which of three auditory vowels they expected to hear next. We manipulated the cue‐associated uncertainty by varying the probabilistic cue‐outcome contingencies: One face was most likely followed by one specific vowel (low cue uncertainty), another face was equally likely followed by either of two vowels (intermediate cue uncertainty) and the third face was followed by all three vowels (high cue uncertainty). Our results suggest that pupil dilation in response to task‐relevant cues depends on the associated uncertainty, but only for large differences in the cue‐associated uncertainty. Additionally, in response to the auditory outcomes, the pupil dilation scaled negatively with the cue‐dependent probabilities, likely signalling the amount of surprise.
Bornean tropical forests recovering from logging at risk of regeneration failure
Authors: Bartholomew David C. , Hayward Robin , Burslem David F. R. P. , Bittencourt Paulo R. L. , Chapman Daniel , Bin Suis Mohd. Aminur Faiz , Nilus Reuben , O'Brien Michael J. , Reynolds Glen , Rowland Lucy , Banin Lindsay F. , Dent Daisy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractActive restoration through silvicultural treatments (enrichment planting, cutting climbers and liberation thinning) is considered an important intervention in logged forests. However, its ability to enhance regeneration is key for long‐term recovery of logged forests, which remains poorly understood, particularly for the production and survival of seedlings in subsequent generations. To understand the long‐term impacts of logging and restoration we tracked the diversity, survival and traits of seedlings that germinated immediately after a mast fruiting in North Borneo in unlogged and logged forests 30–35 years after logging. We monitored 5119 seedlings from germination for ~1.5 years across a mixed landscape of unlogged forests (ULs), naturally regenerating logged forests (NR) and actively restored logged forests via rehabilitative silvicultural treatments (AR), 15–27 years after restoration. We measured 14 leaf, root and biomass allocation traits on 399 seedlings from 15 species. Soon after fruiting, UL and AR forests had higher seedling densities than NR forest, but survival was the lowest in AR forests in the first 6 months. Community composition differed among forest types; AR and NR forests had lower species richness and lower evenness than UL forests by 5–6 months post‐mast but did not differ between them. Differences in community composition altered community‐weighted mean trait values across forest types, with higher root biomass allocation in NR relative to UL forest. Traits influenced mortality ~3 months post‐mast, with more acquisitive traits and relative aboveground investment favoured in AR forests relative to UL forests. Our findings of reduced seedling survival and diversity suggest long time lags in post‐logging recruitment, particularly for some taxa. Active restoration of logged forests recovers initial seedling production, but elevated mortality in AR forests lowers the efficacy of active restoration to enhance recruitment or diversity of seedling communities. This suggests current active restoration practices may fail to overcome barriers to regeneration in logged forests, which may drive long‐term changes in future forest plant communities.
Downregulation of miR‐211 expression in the blood plasma of infertile men compared to the fertile controls
Authors: Naeimi Nasim , MohseniKouchesfehani Homa , Mahmoudzadeh‐Sagheb Hamidreza , Movahed Saeed , Moudi Bita , Asemirad Azam , Sheibak Nadia , Heidari Zahra 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesInfertility is inability to conceive after 12 months of regular unprotected sex. MiRNA expression changes can serve as potential biomarkers for infertility in males due to impaired spermatogenesis. This research was conducted to measure the expression level of miR‐211 in plasma samples as a factor identifying infertility in comparison with the control group.MethodsIn this study, blood plasma were taken from the infertile men (n = 103) nonobstructive azoospermia (NOA) or severe oligozoospermia (SO) and the control group (n = 121). The expression of circulating miR‐211 in plasma was assessed by qRT‐PCR. A relative quantification strategy was adopted using the 2−ΔΔCT method to calculate the target miR‐211 expression level in both study groups.ResultsPlasma miR‐211 levels were significantly lower in infertile men compared to the control group (0.544 ± 0.028 and 1.203 ± 0.035, respectively, p < 0.001). Pearson's correlation analysis showed that miR‐211 expression level has a positive and significant correlation with sperm parameters, including sperm concentration, sperm total motility, progressive motility, and normal morphology (p < 0.001).ConclusionsDecreased expression of miR‐211 in blood plasma seems to be associated with male infertility. This experiment showed that miR‐211 can be considered as a biomarker for evaluation, diagnosis, and confirmation of the results of semen analysis in male infertility.
Utility of positive core number on MRI‐ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy in combination with PI‐RADS scores for predicting unexpected extracapsular extension of clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Kobayashi Masaki , Matsuoka Yoh , Uehara Sho , Tanaka Hiroshi , Fujiwara Motohiro , Nakamura Yuki , Ishikawa Yudai , Fukuda Shohei , Waseda Yuma , Tanaka Hajime , Yoshida Soichiro , Fujii Yasuhisa 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesTo evaluate the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI‐ultrasound fusion targeted biopsy (TB) for predicting unexpected extracapsular extension (ECE) in clinically localized prostate cancer (CLPC).MethodsThis study enrolled 89 prostate cancer patients with one or more lesions showing a Prostate Imaging‐Reporting and Data System (PI‐RADS) score ≥3 but without morphological abnormality in the prostatic capsule on pre‐biopsy MRI. All patients underwent TB and systematic biopsy followed by radical prostatectomy (RP). Each lesion was examined by 3‐core TB, taking cores from each third of the lesion. The preoperative variables predictive of ECE were explored by referring to RP specimens in the lesion‐based analysis.ResultsOverall, 186 lesions, including 81 (43.5%), 73 (39.2%), and 32 (17.2%) with PI‐RADS 3, 4, and 5, respectively, were analyzed. One hundred and twenty‐two lesions (65.6%) were diagnosed as cancer on TB, and ECE was identified in 33 (17.7%) on the RP specimens. The positive TB core number was ≤2 in 129 lesions (69.4%) and three in 57 lesions (30.6%). On the multivariate analysis, PI‐RADS ≥4 (p = 0.049, odds ratio [OR] = 2.39) and three positive cores on TB (p = 0.005, OR = 3.07) were independent predictors of ECE. Lesions with PI‐RADS ≥4 and a positive TB core number of 3 had a significantly higher rate of ECE than those with PI‐RADS 3 and a positive TB core number ≤2 (37.5% vs. 7.8%, p < 0.001).ConclusionsPositive TB core number in combination with PI‐RADS scores is helpful to predict unexpected ECE in CLPC.
Identification and clinical validation of the role of anoikis‐related genes in diabetic foot
Authors: Su Nan , Wang Jiwei , Zhang Hengrui , Jin Haoyong , Miao Baojian , Zhao Jiangli , Liu Xuchen , Li Chao , Wang Xinyu , Yang Ning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to investigate the role of anoikis‐related genes in diabetic foot (DF) by utilizing bioinformatics analysis to identify key genes associated with anoikis in DF. We selected the GEO datasets GSE7014, GSE80178 and GSE68183 for the extraction and analysis of differentially expressed anoikis‐related genes (DE‐ARGs). GO analysis and KEGG analysis indicated that DE‐ARGs in DF were primarily enriched in apoptosis, positive regulation of MAPK cascade, anoikis, focal adhesion and the PI3K‐Akt signalling pathway. Based on the LASSO and SVM‐RFE algorithms, we identified six characteristic genes. ROC curve analysis revealed that these six characteristic genes had an area under the curve (AUC) greater than 0.7, indicating good diagnostic efficacy. Expression analysis in the validation set revealed downregulation of CALR in DF, consistent with the training set results. GSEA results demonstrated that CALR was mainly enriched in blood vessel morphogenesis, endothelial cell migration, ECM‐receptor interaction and focal adhesion. The HPA database revealed that CALR was moderately enriched in endothelial cells, and CALR was found to interact with 63 protein‐coding genes. Functional analysis with DAVID suggested that CALR and associated genes were enriched in the phagosome component. CALR shows promise as a potential marker for the development and treatment of DF.
Serum vitamin D is substantially reduced and predicts flares in diabetic retinopathy patients
Authors: Zhuang Yong , Zhuang Zihao , Cai Qingyan , Hu Xin , Huang Huibin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTAims/IntroductionResearch has suggested that vitamin D deficiency is associated with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Our study aimed to determine whether vitamin D deficiency is the cause of diabetic retinopathy or if diabetic retinopathy reduces vitamin D levels.Materials and MethodsParticipants with type‐2 diabetes were recruited for this prospective observational clinical study and were divided into a diabetic group without retinopathy and a diabetic group with retinopathy, with additional healthy volunteers serving as a control group. The differences in clinical characteristics among the three groups were also compared. Patients without retinopathy were then followed for 1 year to monitor the incidence of diabetic retinopathy. After follow‐up, participants were divided into subgroups based on whether diabetic retinopathy occurred. The baseline data of the subgroups were compared, and the independent risk factors were analyzed.ResultsVitamin D levels were generally low. Participants with diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower vitamin D levels than did those without retinopathy (P < 0.01). A comparison of the two subgroups revealed lower baseline vitamin D concentrations in the new‐DR subgroup than in the non‐DR subgroup (P < 0.01). Vitamin D deficiency and elevated HbA1c levels were found to be independent risk factors for diabetic retinopathy (OR = 0.935, 95% CI: 0.867–0.981, P = 0.006; OR = 2.208, 95% CI: 1.764–2.764, P < 0.01). The limit of vitamin D intake according to the receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 26.01 ng/mL, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.603 (95% CI: 0.559–0.706, P = 0.002).ConclusionsVitamin D levels were significantly lower in patients diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. More importantly, vitamin D deficiency may accelerate the onset of diabetic retinopathy.
Malignant ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors: Common characteristics but different prognoses
Authors: Sköld Camilla , Jansson Anna K , Glimelius Ingrid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBoth ovarian and testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) arise from the primordial germ cell and share many similarities. Both malignancies affect mainly young patients, show remarkable responsiveness to cisplatin‐based therapy, and have an excellent prognosis, which also highlights the importance of minimizing long‐term side effects. However, certain differences can be noted: The spreading of the disease differs, and the staging system and treatment recommendations are dissimilar. Moreover, the prognosis for ovarian GCTs is significantly inferior to that for testicular cancer, as exemplified in this review comparing the survival in Swedish patients diagnosed with testicular (1995–2022) and ovarian (1990–2018) GCTs. The 5‐year overall survival in ovarian GCTs was 85.2%, versus 98.2% for testicular GCTs. How can this be explained? One reason may be the difference in knowledge, experience, and evidence because the incidence rate of testicular cancer is more than 15 times that of ovarian GCTs. Given the rarity of the disease in women and the lack of established guidelines, a comprehensive understanding of the disease and treatment decisions is challenging. The main objective of this review is to derive insights from testicular GCTs (seminoma and non‐seminoma) by reviewing etiological, tumor biological, and clinical knowledge, and to thereafter suggest actions for ovarian GCTs based on this. We hypothesize that by adopting specific treatment strategies from testicular GCTs—including de‐escalating adjuvant chemotherapy for low‐risk patients and implementing more standardized and intensive treatment protocols in cases of relapse—we can improve the prognosis and minimize long‐term side effects in ovarian GCT patients.
The Journal of Law and Society in context: a bibliometric analysis
Authors: BOULANGER CHRISTIAN , CREUTZFELDT NAOMI , HENDRY JENNIFER 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOn this, the occasion of its 50th anniversary, we employ a quantitative analysis of the Journal of Law and Society (JLS) to chart empirically the evolution of socio‐legal studies in the United Kingdom (UK). By tracing the influence(s) of the JLS upon the development of UK socio‐legal research, not only do we demonstrate a new mode of exploring knowledge production in the field of socio‐legal studies, but we also illustrate how computational methods can augment hermeneutical approaches to mapping socio‐legal trends. Through (a blend of) three different analytical approaches – descriptive analyses of bibliographic metadata, text‐linguistic analyses of a corpus of full‐text articles, and network analyses of citation graphs – we generate comparative information about the JLS since its inception in 1974. We then employ this data to interrogate the JLS’ own narratives; using predictions, ambitions, and statements of intent made by Editor‐in‐Chief Phil Thomas published either within or regarding the JLS, we present a map of the journal's role within, impact upon, and enduring contribution to UK socio‐legal studies. Finally, we discuss our results and propose future directions of the field.
Impact of feeding biochar sources in rohu (Labeo rohita): Evaluating the growth, nutrient absorption, carcass composition, haematology and mineral status
Authors: Khalid Muhammad Adnan , Hussain Syed Makhdoom , Ali Shafaqat , Ali Qasim , Rizwan Muhammad , Paray Bilal Ahamad , Sarker Pallab K. , Naeem Adan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiochar, an organic carbonaceous matter, is a unique feed additive that is now being used in aquaculture industry to formulate a cost‐effective and eco‐friendly diet. This experiment (in door) was conducted over course of 90 days to determine the most effective form of biochar, produced from various sources, for supplementation in Moringa oleifera seed meal‐based diet. These sources were: farmyard manure biochar, parthenium biochar (PB), vegetable waste biochar, poultry waste biochar (PWB) and corncob waste biochar, added at 2 g/kg concentration to determine the effect of supplementation on the growth indices, nutrient absorption, carcass composition, haematology and mineral status of Labeo rohita (rohu) fingerlings. The research design consisted of six test diets with three replications (6 × 3) of each. Total of 270 fingerlings (6.30 ± 0.020 g) were fed at 5% body weight and 15 of them were kept in separate steel tanks. The results indicated that PWB was most effective in improving weight gain (285.58 ± 4.54%) and feed conversion ratio (1.060 ± 0.040) compared to control diet and other test diets. The same type of biochar (PWB) produced the best results for nutrient digestibility, that is, crude protein, crude fat and gross energy and carcass composition. In terms of haematology and mineral status, PWB showed the best results. In conclusion, it was found that PWB significantly enhanced (p < 0.05) L. rohita fingerling's growth, carcass composition, nutrient digestibility, haematological parameters (red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets and haemoglobin) and mineral composition (Ca, Na, P, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, K and Cu) whereas PB negatively affected all parameters. It is anticipated that the potential use of biochar will increase in aquaculture industry, as research on its incorporation in fish feeds is still limited.