bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Functional Analysis of the Twin-Arginine Translocation Pathway in
Corynebacterium glutamicum
ATCC 13869
Authors: Kikuchi Yoshimi , Date Masayo , Itaya Hiroshi , Matsui Kazuhiko , Wu Long-Fei 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Compared to those of other gram-positive bacteria, the genetic structure of the
Corynebacterium glutamicum
Tat system is unique in that it contains the
tatE
gene in addition to
tatA
,
tatB
, and
tatC
. The
tatE
homologue has been detected only in the genomes of gram-negative enterobacteria. To assess the function of the
C. glutamicum
Tat pathway, we cloned the
tatA
,
tatB
,
tatC
, and
tatE
genes from
C. glutamicum
ATCC 13869 and constructed mutants carrying deletions of each
tat
gene or of both the
tatA
and
tatE
genes. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused with the twin-arginine signal peptide of the
Escherichia coli
TorA protein, we demonstrated that the minimal functional Tat system required TatA and TatC. TatA and TatE provide overlapping function. Unlike the TatB proteins from gram-negative bacteria,
C. glutamicum
TatB was dispensable for Tat function, although it was required for maximal efficiency of secretion. The signal peptide sequence of the isomaltodextranase (IMD) of
Arthrobacter globiformis
contains a twin-arginine motif. We showed that both IMD and GFP fused with the signal peptide of IMD were secreted via the
C. glutamicum
Tat pathway. These observations indicate that IMD is a bona fide Tat substrate and imply great potential of the
C. glutamicum
Tat system for industrial production of heterologous folded proteins.
Construction of a Reporter Vector for the Analysis of
Bifidobacterium longum
Promoters
Authors: Klijn A. , Moine D. , Delley M. , Mercenier A. , Arigoni F. , Pridmore R. D. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

In order to initiate studies on promoter activities in
Bifidobacterium longum
and to independently confirm transcriptional data generated by microarray experiments, we have constructed a versatile reporter plasmid based on a
B. longum
cryptic plasmid and the
Escherichia coli gusA
gene. The resulting plasmid, pMDY23, has been tested using three
B. longum
promoters.
Application of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Molecular Typing of the Agent of Leptospirosis
Authors: Salaün Laurence , Mérien Fabrice , Gurianova Svetlana , Baranton Guy , Picardeau Mathieu 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is a worldwide-distributed zoonosis, endemic in tropical areas. Epidemiologic investigations of leptospirosis still rely on tedious serological identification tests. Recently, molecular typing systems based on variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis have been described and have been used to identify
Leptospira interrogans
strains. Although
L. interrogans
is the most common
Leptospira
species encountered in human infections around the world, other pathogenic species, such as
Leptospira kirschneri
and
Leptospira borgpetersenii
, are also frequently associated with human leptospirosis. In this study, we aimed to extend multilocus VNTR analysis (MLVA) identification of strains to species other than
L. interrogans
. We designed primers for VNTR loci found in
L. interrogans
,
L. kirschneri
, and
L. borgpetersenii
. The discriminatory power of the redefined primers was evaluated on collection strains and then on clinical strains. We also carried out a retrospective study on 156 strains isolated from patients and animals from New Caledonia, an area of high endemicity in the South Pacific. Our results show that this simple PCR-based MLVA typing technique is a powerful methodology for the epidemiology of leptospirosis.
Susceptibilities of
Propionibacterium acnes
Ophthalmic Isolates to Ertapenem, Meropenem, and Cefepime
Authors: Shames Robert , Satti Farhana , Vellozzi Ernestine M. , Smith Miriam A. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

We investigated the in vitro susceptibilities of 23
Propionibacterium acnes
ophthalmic isolates to ertapenem, meropenem, and cefepime by utilizing the Etest. The MICs ranged from 0.094 μg/ml to 0.75 μg/ml, 0.094 μg/ml to 1.5 μg/ml, and 1 μg/ml to 12 μg/ml for ertapenem, meropenem, and cefepime, respectively. Based on our excellent in vitro carbapenem susceptibility results, in vivo studies using ertapenem and meropenem in a rabbit model of
P. acnes
endophthalmitis are warranted.
Measurement of Serum
d
-Arabinitol/Creatinine Ratios for Initial Diagnosis and for Predicting Outcome in an Unselected, Population-Based Sample of Patients with
Candida
Fungemia
Authors: Yeo Siew Fah , Huie Sharon , Sofair Andre N. , Campbell Sheldon , Durante Amanda , Wong Brian 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

d
-Arabinitol (DA) is a useful diagnostic marker for candidiasis in patients with neutropenia and other high-risk groups, but its use in unselected patients with a broad range of underlying diseases and conditions has not been studied. We used an automated enzymatic fluorometric assay to measure serum DA/creatinine ratios (DA/cr's) in 30 healthy adults, 100 hospitalized controls without
Candida
fungemia, and 83 patients from a study of all
Candida
fungemias in Connecticut between October 1998 and September 1999. Sixty-three of 83 (76%) fungemic patients and 11 of 100 (11%) nonfungemic controls had serum DA/cr's ≥3.9 μM/mg/dl (mean + 3 standard deviations for 30 healthy adults). High serum DA/cr's were less frequent in patients with cancer or fungemia caused by the DA nonproducer
Candida glabrata
than in patients with cancer or fungemia caused by a DA producer,
C. albicans
,
C. tropicalis
, or
C. parapsilosis
. The serum DA/cr was first ≥3.9 μM/mg/dl before, on the same day as, or after the first positive blood culture was drawn for 30 (36%), 22 (27%), and 11 (13%) fungemia patients, respectively. Mortality did not differ significantly among the patients with high or normal initial or peak serum DA/cr's, but mortality was higher if any serum DA/cr value was ≥3.9 μM/mg/dl 3 or more days after the onset of fungemia (18/27 versus 4/24 patients, respectively;
P
< 0.001). We conclude that serum DA/cr's are useful both for the initial diagnosis of
Candida
fungemia and for prognostic purposes for unselected patients with a broad range of underlying diseases and conditions.
Report of Two Cases of Aseptic Meningitis with Persistence of Pneumococcal Cell Wall Components in Cerebrospinal Fluid after Pneumococcal Meningitis
Authors: Angoulvant François , Lachenaud Julie , Mariani-Kurkdjian Patricia , Aubertin Guillaume , Houdouin Véronique , Lorrot Mathie , de Los Angeles Laure , Bingen Edouard , Bourrillon Antoine , Faye Albert 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

We describe two cases of aseptic meningitis occurring some time after pneumococcal meningitis. Both cases may have resulted from an inflammatory response to persistent pneumococcal cell membrane components, as the cerebrospinal fluid samples were positive by the Binax NOW
Streptococcus pneumoniae
antigen test. Potential mechanisms and diagnostic impact are discussed.
Characteristics of
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains Isolated in Poland in 1996 to 2004 That Were Deficient in Species-Specific Proteins
Authors: Luczak-Kadlubowska Agnieszka , Krzyszton-Russjan Jolanta , Hryniewicz Waleria 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

One hundred seventy
Staphylococcus aureus
isolates, collected in 1996 to 2004, were reidentified by phenotypic and genotypic methods. One hundred ten of these (65%) were confirmed, as previously denoted, to be clumping factor (CF)- or free coagulase-deficient
S. aureus
, based on their phenotype. Based on the CF or coagulase production, three groups of phenotypically deficient
S. aureus
isolates were distinguished. Group 1 encompassed CF-positive and coagulase-deficient isolates, group 2 consisted of CF-deficient and coagulase-positive isolates, and group 3 included isolates that were CF positive, had delayed coagulase activity, and were deficient in other species-specific features. All investigated strains harbored the
clfA
,
clfB
,
coa
,
spa
, and
nuc
genes, but the presence of their products was not detected by the phenotypic methods. Glycopeptide susceptibility testing showed that 26 isolates (23.6%) were hetero-glycopeptide-intermediate
S. aureus
(hGISA) or hetero-teicoplanin-intermediate
S. aureus
(hTISA), based on the population analysis profile. The relatedness of the isolates was evaluated by multiple-locus variable number of tandem repeats analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and multilocus sequence typing. The phenotypically deficient
S. aureus
isolates were classified into PFGE types B (ST239-III) and D (ST246-IA) and were related to the common clones, Hungarian and Iberian, respectively, which have been widely disseminated in Poland and globally. The simultaneous occurrence of hGISA/hTISA and the CF-deficient phenotypes was found for 62.1% of isolates belonging to group 2. The majority of these isolates were assigned to the Iberian clone (PFGE type D; ST247-IA). An association between the defect in coagulase and that in thermonuclease production was observed, which concerned 59.2% of isolates of group 1. The majority of these isolates belonged to the Hungarian clone (PFGE type B; ST239-III).
Presence of Pathogenicity Island Genes in
Enterococcus faecalis
Isolates from Pigs in Denmark
Authors: Shankar Nathan , Baghdayan Arto S. , Willems Rob , Hammerum Anette M. , Jensen Lars B. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Enterococcus faecalis
isolates of porcine origin were screened for the presence of a previously identified pathogenicity island (PAI). By using the
esp
gene as a genetic marker for the presence of this PAI, 9
esp-
positive and 10
esp
-negative isolates of porcine origin were investigated by use of a designed oligonucleotide array. The results indicated the clustering of
esp
-positive strains by multilocus sequence typing (MLST), but surprisingly, all strains investigated contained parts of the PAI. None of the strains of animal origin investigated belonged to previously identified MLST complex 2, where most isolates from patients cluster. Five of the nine
esp
-positive
E. faecalis
isolates of animal origin belonged to the same PAI complex as human isolate MMH594 but differed in their sequence types, which strongly indicates the horizontal transfer of the PAI between enterococci of porcine and human origin.
Molecular Epidemiology of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Hungary
Authors: Ködmön Csaba , Niemann Stefan , Lukács Judit , Sör Éva , Dávid Sándor , Somoskövi Ákos 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Sixty-eight drug-resistant
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
isolates (44.2% of all resistant cases) were analyzed by IS
6110
restriction fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting and spoligotyping to provide a deeper insight into the status of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Hungary. A total of 54.4% of the drug-resistant cases and 75% of the multidrug-resistant cases could be clustered. Analysis of the spoligotyping patterns of the strains revealed a high rate (66.2%) of infection by the Haarlem genotype, while none of the patients were infected by the Beijing genotype. The magnitude and the dynamics of drug-resistant tuberculosis are underestimated in Hungary.
Presence of Copper- and Zinc-Containing Superoxide Dismutase in Commensal
Haemophilus haemolyticus
Isolates Can Be Used as a Marker To Discriminate Them from Nontypeable
H. influenzae
Isolates
Authors: Fung W. W. Mary , O'Dwyer Clíona A. , Sinha Sunita , Brauer Aimee L. , Murphy Timothy F. , Kroll J. Simon , Langford Paul R. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Respiratory isolates of
Haemophilus haemolyticus
are regularly misclassified as nontypeable (NT)
Haemophilus influenzae
due to an aberrant hemolytic reaction on blood agar, with implications for treatment. The presence of
sodC
or its cognate protein, copper-zinc superoxide dismutase, can distinguish respiratory isolates of
H. haemolyticus
from NT
H. influenzae
with 100% accuracy.
Development and Evaluation of Reverse Transcription-Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Rapid and Real-Time Detection of Japanese Encephalitis Virus
Authors: Parida M. M. , Santhosh S. R. , Dash P. K. , Tripathi N. K. , Saxena P. , Ambuj S. , Sahni A. K. , Lakshmana Rao P. V. , Morita Kouichi 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The standardization and validation of a one-step, single-tube accelerated quantitative reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) assay is reported for rapid and real-time detection of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). The RT-LAMP assay reported in this study is very simple and rapid; the amplification can be obtained in 30 min under isothermal conditions at 63°C by employing a set of six primers targeting the E gene of JEV. The RT-LAMP assay demonstrated exceptionally higher sensitivity compared to that of RT-PCR, with a detection limit of 0.1 PFU. The specificities of the selected primer sets were established by cross-reactivity studies with other closely related members of the JEV serocomplex as well as by evaluation of healthy human volunteers. The comparative evaluation of the RT-LAMP assay for clinical diagnosis with a limited number of patient cerebrospinal fluid samples revealed 85% concordance with conventional RT-PCR, with a sensitivity and a specificity of 100% and 86%, respectively. The concentration of virus in most of the clinical samples was 10
2
to 10
5
PFU/ml, as determined from the standard curve based on the time of positivity in the samples. In addition, the monitoring of gene amplification can also be visualized with the naked eye by using SYBR green I fluorescent dye. Thus, due to easy operation without a requirement of sophisticated equipment and skilled personnel, the RT-LAMP assay reported here is a valuable tool for the rapid and real-time detection of JEV not only by well-equipped laboratories but also by peripheral diagnostic laboratories with limited financial resources in developing countries.
The Successive-Order-of-Interaction Radiative Transfer Model. Part I: Model Development
Authors: Heidinger Andrew K. , O’Dell Christopher , Bennartz Ralf , Greenwald Thomas 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
This study, the first part of a two-part series, develops the method of “successive orders of interaction” (SOI) for a computationally efficient and accurate solution for radiative transfer in the microwave spectral region. The SOI method is an iterative approximation to the traditional adding and doubling method for radiative transfer. Results indicate that the approximations made in the SOI method are accurate for atmospheric layers with scattering properties typical of those in the infrared and microwave regions. In addition, an acceleration technique is demonstrated that extends the applicability of the SOI approach to atmospheres with greater amounts of scattering. A comparison of the SOI model with a full Monte Carlo model using the atmospheric profiles given by Smith et al. was used to determine the optimal parameters for the simulation of microwave top-of-atmosphere radiances. This analysis indicated that a four-stream model with a maximum initial-layer optical thickness of approximately 0.01 was optimal. In the second part of this series, the accuracies of the SOI model and its adjoint are demonstrated over a wide range of microwave remote sensing scenarios.
Observations of Precipitation Size and Fall Speed Characteristics within Coexisting Rain and Wet Snow
Authors: Yuter Sandra E. , Kingsmill David E. , Nance Louisa B. , Löffler-Mang Martin 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Ground-based measurements of particle size and fall speed distributions using a Particle Size and Velocity (PARSIVEL) disdrometer are compared among samples obtained in mixed precipitation (rain and wet snow) and rain in the Oregon Cascade Mountains and in dry snow in the Rocky Mountains of Colorado. Coexisting rain and snow particles are distinguished using a classification method based on their size and fall speed properties. The bimodal distribution of the particles’ joint fall speed–size characteristics at air temperatures from 0.5° to 0°C suggests that wet-snow particles quickly make a transition to rain once melting has progressed sufficiently. As air temperatures increase to 1.5°C, the reduction in the number of very large aggregates with a diameter &gt; 10 mm coincides with the appearance of rain particles larger than 6 mm. In this setting, very large raindrops appear to be the result of aggregrates melting with minimal breakup rather than formation by coalescence. In contrast to dry snow and rain, the fall speed for wet snow has a much weaker correlation between increasing size and increasing fall speed. Wet snow has a larger standard deviation of fall speed (120%–230% relative to dry snow) for a given particle size. The average fall speed for observed wet-snow particles with a diameter ≥ 2.4 mm is 2 m s−1 with a standard deviation of 0.8 m s−1. The large standard deviation is likely related to the coexistence of particles of similar physical size with different percentages of melting. These results suggest that different particle sizes are not required for aggregation since wet-snow particles of the same size can have different fall speeds. Given the large standard deviation of fall speeds in wet snow, the collision efficiency for wet snow is likely larger than that of dry snow. For particle sizes between 1 and 10 mm in diameter within mixed precipitation, rain constituted 1% of the particles by volume within the isothermal layer at 0°C and 4% of the particles by volume for the region just below the isothermal layer where air temperatures rise from 0° to 0.5°C. As air temperatures increased above 0.5°C, the relative proportions of rain versus snow particles shift dramatically and raindrops become dominant. The value of 0.5°C for the sharp transition in volume fraction from snow to rain is slightly lower than the range from 1.1° to 1.7°C often used in hydrological models.
Intrusion detection system based on the beetle swarm optimization and K‐RMS clustering algorithm
Authors: Pran S. Gokul , Raja Sivakami , Jeyasudha S. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIntrusion detection is a cyber‐security method that is significant for network security. It is utilized to detect behaviors that compromise security and privacy within a network or in the context of a computer system. To enhance the identification, an Intrusion Detection System Based on the Beetle Swarm Optimization and K‐RMS Clustering Algorithm cluster‐based hybrid classifiers is proposed in this manuscript. Here, the data is amassed from CICIDS2017 dataset. Then the data is preprocessed to eradicate the unwanted noise. After completing the preprocessed data, it can be clustered by using K‐RMS clustering algorithm. This algorithm cluster the entire data to the associated cluster set depending on the data behavior. The classification algorithm is considered to predict the data as normal or attacking behaviors. The hybrid classification is used to predict the data. The solitary predictor aims to achieve high detection rates and accuracy. The hybrid classifiers, such as support vector machines, artificial neural networks are applied to recognize the normal or intruder. The performance of the SVM‐ANN‐IDS method attains 22.05%, 15.87%, 27.25% higher accuracy, 23.90% and 28.53% higher precision, 29.29%, 19.19% and 23.27% higher specificity and 18.28%, 24.36% and 27.49% greater recall when compared to the existing models, like developing novel deep‐learning model to improve network intrusion categorization (DNN‐IDS), Intrusion identification scheme on real‐time data traffic under machine learning techniques along feature selection method (RNN‐SVM‐IDS) and recurrent deep learning basis feature fusion ensemble meta‐classifier for intellectual network intrusion identification scheme (RNN‐IDS) respectively.
Nanoscale Precursor Distribution by Microfluidization for Scalable Production of Highly Efficient Thermocatalysts
Authors: Kim Jongkyoung , Lee Myeung‐Jin , Kim Jihun , Jang Wonsik , Lee Jong Hoon , Ding Xingyu , Zhang Kelvin H. L. , An Kwangjin , Kim Hong‐Dae , Cho Seungho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe preparation of two‐dimensional (2D) materials often requires complicated exfoliation procedures having low yields. The exfoliated nanosheets are prone to thermal aggregation and unsuitable for thermocatalysis. Herein, a scalable approach produces 2D catalyst precursors well‐distributed and mixed at the nanoscale. Using continuous microfluidization and single‐layer layered double hydroxide (LDH) synthesis, the prepared suspension contained exfoliated hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets and single‐layer LDHs. The increased contact area between h‐BN and LDHs enables the formation of highly dispersed MnCoAl mixed metal oxide nanoparticles anchored on h‐BN nanosheets after calcination. In the selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 (NH3‐SCR, a representative thermocatalytic application), this nanocomposite demonstrates a record turnover frequency of 0.772 h−1 among reported Mn‐based NH3‐SCR catalysts, with high NOx conversion and high N2 selectivity at low temperatures. By creating 2D precursors mixed at the nanoscale, this new synthetic approach can realize the scalable production of highly efficient thermocatalysts.
High C‐Selectivity for Urea Synthesis Through O‐Philic Adsorption to Form *OCO Intermediate on Ti‐MOF Based Electrocatalysts
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Feng Jie , Cheng Xuefeng , Zhang Jinchang , Huo Jinyan , Chen Dongyun , Marcomini Antonio , Li Youyong , Xu Qingfeng , Lu Jianmei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe advent of utilizing nitrate (NO3−) for electrochemical co‐reduction with carbon dioxide (CO2) to effectively synthesize high‐value‐added organic nitrogen compounds has captured the attention of the environmental and energy fields. C─N coupling is a key step during the electrochemical co‐reduction process. An effective strategy to improve the efficiency of synthesis is to explore the optimal reaction pathway and coupling active species. Herein, a p‐type semiconductor nanosphere (Ti‐DHTP) is presented for electrochemical co‐reduction to synthesize urea by combining CO2 and NO3−. At a low voltage of −0.6 V versus RHE, the electrochemical synthesis of urea exhibits 95.5% C‐selectivity and 21.75% Faraday efficiency. Comparative experiments, in situ experiments, and theoretical simulations confirm that a new coupling pathway for the synthesis of urea from *NH2 and *OCO intermediates become a key step in Ti‐DHTP‐driven C─N coupling. Moreover, the more efficient *OCO intermediate inhibits the generation of large amounts of C‐bearing by‐products. Meanwhile, Ti‐DHTP has difficulty hydrogenating to form *COOH during the reduction of CO2 leading to the subsequent inability to produce *CO intermediates. This work reveals a new C─N coupling mechanism, which provides a feasible strategy for future research on the electrochemical synthesis of organic nitrogen‐bearing compounds.