bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neurophysiological effects of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) on isolated rat intestines
Authors: Radenkovic M. , Ivetic V. , Popovic M. , Mimica‐Dukic N. , Veljkovic S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMistletoe (Viscum album L.) is well known as a medicine from ancient times and the earliest notes. Today it is used as a remedy. The aim of this research was to examine the effects of mistletoe extracts and their components on some neurophysiological parameters in rat intestines. The tonus and contractile responses of isolated intestinal segments (duodenum, ileum and distal colon) were analysed. The experiment was carried out in three groups. In the first group (control group) different concentrations of acetylcholine were added into the organ bath (10–50 nmol/L). In the second group, mistletoe extracts were added into the organ bath with increasing concentrations and in the third group, atropine, a non‐selective muscarinic receptor antagonist, was added into the organ bath (concentration 10−7 mol/L) and after atropine plant extracts were administered. The results obtained suggest that extracts from different parts of mistletoe have neurophysiological effects and change intestinal contractions. The results also suggest that the effects of mistletoe extracts on intestinal contractility act via cholinergic pathways, activating muscarinic receptors in the intestines. However, in order to establish the subtype of receptors, further investigations are necessary where selective antagonists of muscarinic cholinergic receptors should be used. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antienterobacterial activity of Hemidesmus indicus R. Br. root extract
Authors: Das Sarita , Devaraj S. Niranjali 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe antienterobacterial activity of the chloroform and methanol extracts of Hemidesmus indicus root was demonstrated using a variety of methods and different enterobacterial strains. Although the constituents were similar in the chloroform extract (CHI) and the fatty substance separated (ME1) from the methanol extract (MHI), ME1 was found to be more effective than CHI as evident from the disc diffusion method. ME1 was found to be more active than MHI, followed by CHI. This may be due to the inefficient diffusion of CHI into the medium. In a modified agar well diffusion and swab method the activity of the extract against different strains was observed in a single plate. The extracts inhibited growth in a dose dependent manner; both MHI and CHI were most effective against S. flexneri, least effective against S. dysenterie and moderately effective against the other strains. The presence of antimicrobial trace elements such as copper and zinc, along with other active constituents may contribute to the antienterobacterial activity of Hemidesmus indicus root. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antiplatelet activity of aporphine and phenanthrenoid alkaloids from Aromadendron elegans blume
Authors: Jantan Ibrahim , Raweh Salwa M. , Yasin Yusyila Harlina Mohd , Murad Shahnaz 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSix aporphine and one phenanthrenoid alkaloids isolated from Aromadendron elegans Blume were investigated for their ability to inhibit arachidonic acid (AA), collagen and ADP induced platelet aggregation in human whole blood. The antiplatelet activity of the compounds was measured in vitro by the Chrono Log whole blood aggregometer using an electrical impedance method. Of the compounds tested, (‐)‐N‐acetylnornuciferine, (‐)‐N‐acetylanonaine and 1‐(N‐acetyl‐N‐methylamino)ethyl‐3,4,6‐trimethoxy‐7‐hydroxyphenanthrene showed strong inhibition on platelet aggregation caused by all three inducers. (‐)‐N‐acetylanonaine was the most effective antiplatelet compound as it inhibited both arachidonic acid, collagen and ADP‐induced platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 66.1, 95.1 and 80.6 µm, respectively. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhibition of Rat Platelet Aggregation by Urtica dioica Leaves Extracts
Authors: El Haouari Mohammed , Bnouham Mohamed , Bendahou Mourad , Aziz Mohammed , Ziyyat Abderrahim , Legssyer Abdelkhaleq , Mekhfi Hassane 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPlatelet hyperactivity plays an important role in arterial thrombosis and atherosclerosis. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of different extracts of Urtica dioica leaves on platelet aggregation. Rat platelets were prepared and incubated in vitro with different concentrations of the tested extracts and aggregation was induced by different agonists including thrombin (0.5 U/mL), ADP (10 µm), epinephrine (100 µm) and collagen (5 mg/mL). The crude aqueous extract inhibited thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation in a dose‐dependent manner. At 1 mg/mL, the percent inhibition was 17.1 ± 4.2%. Soxhlet extraction of the plant leaves with different successive solvents showed that the ethyl acetate extract exhibited the most antiaggregant effect with an inhibition of 76.8 ± 6.1% at 1 mg/mL. Flavonoids isolated from the plant leaves, produced a strong inhibitory effect on thrombin‐induced platelet aggregation with an IC50 of 0.25 ± 0.05 and 0.40 ± 0.04 mg/mL for genins and heterosidic flavonoids, respectively. Flavonoids also markedly inhibited platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and epinephrine. It is concluded that Urtica dioica has an antiplatelet action in which flavonoids are mainly implicated. These results support the traditional use of Urtica dioica in the treatment and/or prevention of cardiovascular disease. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aspects of Stop Consonant Production by Pediatric Users of Cochlear Implants
Authors: Chin Steven B. 
Published: April 2006

Purpose:Data and analyses are reported for stop consonant production by 12 children who have used cochlear implants for at least 5 years, focusing on variation within and between individual phonological systems.Method:Participants were 6 oral communication users and 6 total communication users. Productions of single words were analyzed for stop inventories, phonotactic constraints, and morphophonemic alternations. Variation was further analyzed within optimality theory.Results:Children’s inventories differed from English mainly in having additional, non-English stops. Total communication users had fewer ambient stops and more nonambient ones than did oral communication users. Control over English allophonic and neutralization rules varied among children. Phonological variation could be accounted for by positing unique underlying representations and different constraint rankings within optimality theory.Clinical Implications:Atypical speech by children with cochlear implants involves both articulation and phonological organization. Although children vary considerably, characteristic patterns emerge. An understanding of these patterns is useful for identifying areas of difficulty and formulating intervention programs.
Wanted
Authors: Helfer Thomas M. , Lee Robyn B. , Maris Dorina C. , Shields Anne R. 
Published: April 2006

The Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH, 2000) has presented principles and guidelines for universal newborn hearing screening and early hearing detection and intervention (EHDI). The guidelines describe the need for a national data set for early hearing detection and intervention. The guidelines fail to provide the specific constructs for such a data set. To the authors’ knowledge, no nationally proposed uniform data structure exists to capture EHDI services’ outcome metrics.
This article presents a proposed newborn hearing screening and EHDI data model. This model was developed to record EHDI outcomes data from Military Health System birthing centers. The data are to be collected for tracking implementation of Healthy People 2010 goals related to newborn hearing screening and EHDI programs within the Military Health System.
In this article, the authors use the T. Helfer, A. Shields, and K. Gates (2000) methods to model a uniform structure for collection of newborn hearing screening and EHDI data. They also discuss expansion of the data model for application to public health reporting of EHDI outcomes in the civilian sector to include integration of Census Bureau demographic data and geographic information system data to further enhance the research value of these EHDI outcomes data. They offer the data model with the intention of supporting national research efforts for studying the efficacy of EHDI programs and to help establish a national evidence-based practice database for such programs.
Blood pressure and heart rate changes during intubation: a comparison of direct laryngoscopy and a fibreoptic method
Authors: Xue F. S. , Zhang G. H. , Sun H. Y. , Li C. W. , Li P. , Sun H. T. , Liu K. P. , Xu Y. C. , Liu Y. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBlood pressure and heart rate changes during nasotracheal intubation under general anaesthesia were studied in 100 patients who were randomly allocated to fibreoptic bronchoscope or direct laryngoscopy intubation. Noninvasive blood pressure and heart rate were recorded before and immediately after anaesthesia induction, at anaesthesia intubation and every minute thereafter for 5 min. Nasotracheal intubation was accompanied by significant increases in blood pressure and heart rate compared to baseline values in both groups. Blood pressure and heart rate at intubation, and the maximum values of blood pressure during the observation were significantly higher in the fibreoptic bronchoscope group. However, the maximum values of heart rate were not significantly different between the two groups. Fibreoptic nasotracheal intubation may result in more severe pressor and tachycardiac responses than direct laryngoscopic nasotracheal intubation.
Triage in emergency departments: national survey
Authors: Göransson Katarina E , Ehrenberg Anna , Ehnfors Margareta 
Published: April 2006

Aim.  This paper reports a study the aim of which was to describe how triage‐related work was organized and performed in Swedish emergency departments.Background.  Hospitals in many developed countries use some kind of system to prioritize the patients attending emergency departments. Triage is a commonly used term to refer to the process of sorting and prioritizing patients for care. How the triage procedure is organized and which personnel perform this type of work vary considerably throughout the world. In Sweden, few studies have explored this important issue.Method.  A national survey was conducted using telephone interviews, with nurse managers at each of the emergency departments. The sample represented 87% of emergency departments in Sweden.Results.  The findings clearly illustrate the organization of emergency department triage, focusing on personnel who perform triage, as well as the facilities, resources and procedures available for triage. However, the results indicate that work associated with such triage in Sweden is not organized in any consistent matter. In 81% of the emergency departments a clerk, Licensed Practical Nurse or Registered Nurse were assigned to assess patients not arriving by ambulance. There was also diversity in other areas, including requirements for staff to have particular qualifications and clinical experience for being allocated to triage work, as well as facilities for triage personnel assessing and prioritizing patients. The use of triage scales and acuity ratings also lacked uniformity and disparities were observed in both the design and use of triage scales. A little less than half (46%) of the emergency departments did not use any kind of triage scale to document patient acuity ratings.Conclusion.  In contrast to several other countries, this study shows that Swedish emergency departments do not adhere well to established standards and guidelines about triage in emergency care. Research on emergency department triage, especially in the areas of personnel performing triage, triage scales and standards and guidelines are recommended.Relevance to clinical practice.  The diversity among several aspects of nursing triage (e.g. use of less qualified personnel performing triage, the use of different triage scales) presented in the study points to a safety risk for the patients. It also shows the need of further education for the personnel in clinical practice as well as further research on triage in order to gain national consensus about this nursing task.
Sub‐specialization in general surgery: the problem of providing a safe emergency general surgical service
Authors: Garner J. P. , Prytherch D. , Senapati A. , O'Leary D. , Thompson M. R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground  The increasing subspecialization of general surgeons in their elective work may result in deskilling and create problems in providing expert care for emergency cases. To evaluate the size of the problem this study determined how often complex emergency surgical cases are treated by general surgeons working outside their own elective subspecialty.Method  In a district general hospital in the south of the UK serving a population of 550 000 where there is almost complete subspecialization within general surgery, 1554 patients having emergency general surgical operations were studied in a one‐year review. The time an operation occurred, the seniority of the operating surgeon, the subspecialty interest of the consultant responsible for the case compared with the specialist nature of the operation was determined.Results  Of 1554 patients having emergency general surgical operations, 23% (352/1554) were of a high category of complexity. Ninety were vascular procedures and were dealt with by specialist vascular surgeons on a separate rota. Of the remaining 262 operations, 78 (30%) did not match the subspecialty of the consultant surgeon responsible for their care; 56 (72%) of these occurred out of hours of which 14 (18%) had a consultant surgeon present and scrubbed in the theatre; one per month of the study. Seventy‐three percent (57/78) of these were complex colorectal operations.Conclusion  The mismatch between the subspecialist elective interests of the consultant general surgeon and out of hours specialist major surgery needing consultant involvement occurred infrequently, and was mainly due to major lower gastrointestinal cases managed by upper gastrointestinal and breast surgeons. This has important implications for the future training of general surgeons and the provision of an emergency nonvascular general surgical service.
READING REPLICATIONS: ROMAN RHETORIC AND GREEK QUOTATIONS
Authors: VARNER ERIC R. 
Published: April 2006

Adolf Furtwangler's concept of Roman copies and lost Greek originals has been largely dismantled in recent scholarship. Nevertheless, Romans created a sophisticated visual vocabulary which included direct quotations of Greek models, as well as allusions to styles associated with particular periods or individual Greek artists.The art‐historical consciousness of Roman artists, patrons and visually literate viewers was not limited to the elite, but also pervaded works of private funerary art which often employed recognizably Greek compositions and body types for rhetorical effect in order to access abstract concepts of heroism, virtue and apotheosis. Ultimately, sculptural quotations and replications from the Greek are not symptomatic of a derivative and imitative artistic culture, but rather reveal a highly original and particularly Roman aesthetic of hybridity.
ON THE TENACITY OF CHRISTIAN ANTI‐JUDAISM1
Authors: LOWE WALTER 
Published: April 2006

AbstractJoachim of Fiore's three ages of Father, Son and Spirit demonstrated that the supersessionist gambit Christianity had introduced against Judaism is a logic any successor can employ. Modernity (cf. modo, “now”) is constituted by a relentless supersessionist logic; the modern issue is less supersessionism than a conflict of supersessionisms. Christianity has repeatedly overspiritualized God's “bodily covenant” with Israel (Wyschogrod). This distortive tendency is intensified in modernity by Christianity's anxiety that it too will appear old/“Jewish” vis‐à‐vis a new New Testament of infinite spiritual freedom (cf. Romanticism.) One corrective would be for Christianity to return to a more Jewish understanding of election.
Growth, photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of sweet pepper plants as affected by the cultivation method
Authors: Del Amor F.M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractDifferent methods of sweet pepper cultivation (organic, integrated and conventional farming) were evaluated under greenhouse conditions. Organic treatment was defined as only 4‐kg manure application at the preplanting stage. Conventional and integrated treatments consisted of application of the manure dosage plus chemical fertiliser at 100% and 50% of the local farmers’ amount, respectively, to avoid nutrient depletion. Plant growth parameters such as shoot dry matter, total leaf area and leaf weight fraction were all reduced in the organic treatment compared with the conventional. Leaf expansion was dramatically reduced in the organic treatment 155 days after transplanting. Relative growth rates were significantly affected by the nitrogen concentration in each organ and were directly related to the cultivation method. Chlorophylls (a + b) contents in the leaves were reduced in the organic treatment and were directly correlated with the nondestructive quantification of chlorophylls using a portable chlorophyll meter. Net photosynthesis was also reduced in the organic treatment, but chlorophyll fluorescence was not affected. This study shows that biometric monitoring and fast and non‐invasive techniques of plant nutrient status analysis could help to improve growth as easy and useful tools to follow the nutrient status at different phenological stages, especially when no chemical fertilisers are applied.
Bartonella henselae
Pap31, an Extracellular Matrix Adhesin, Binds the Fibronectin Repeat III
13
Module
Authors: Dabo S. M. , Confer A. W. , Anderson B. E. , Gupta Snehalata 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

Bartonella henselae
wound-associated infections suggest involvement of extracellular matrix molecules in adhesion and invasion. Pap31 was previously identified as a hemin-binding protein. Our recent studies suggest the protein is an adhesin that is recognized by the host's immune systems. In this study we examined the interactions of
B. henselae
Pap31 with fibronectin (Fn), heparin (Hep), and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The cloned gene was expressed in
Escherichia coli
, and the purified Pap31 protein elicited strong antibody responses in mice and was reactive with rabbit anti-live
B. henselae
and mouse anti-Pap31 antibodies by Western blotting. Pap31 bound to immobilized Fn and to HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner and to Hep. Fn fragment-binding assays identified the Hep-1 and Hep-2 binding domains of human Fn and in particular the
12-13
FnIII repeat module as primary binding sites for this adhesin. Furthermore, Pap31 binding to the above Fn fragments could be inhibited by Hep, suggesting a common binding site involving the
13
FnIII repeat module on the Hep-2 domain of Fn. Adherence of intact
B. henselae
to HUVECs was inhibited by increasing concentrations of anti-Pap31 antibodies. In addition, purified Pap31 coprecipitated effectively with Fn and anti-Fn antibodies. Taken together, these data suggest that Pap31 is an Fn-binding protein mediating the
B. henselae
-host interaction(s), and they implicate the
13
FnIII repeat module as an important binding site for this adhesin on the Fn molecule. These interactions may be important initial steps leading to bacterial attachment and colonization that promote the establishment of
B. henselae
infections in vivo.
The Posttranscriptional Regulator RsmA Plays a Role in the Interaction between
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
and Human Airway Epithelial Cells by Positively Regulating the Type III Secretion System
Authors: Mulcahy Heidi , O'Callaghan Julie , O'Grady Eoin P. , Adams Claire , O'Gara Fergal 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACT

Posttranscriptional regulation of certain virulence-related genes in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
is brought about by RsmA, a small RNA-binding protein. During interaction with airway epithelial cells, RsmA promoted actin depolymerization, cytotoxicity, and anti-internalization of
P. aeruginosa
by positively regulating the virulence-associated type III secretion system.
Development and implementation of a participative intervention to improve the psychosocial work environment and mental health in an acute care hospital
Authors: Bourbonnais R , Brisson C , Vinet A , Vézina M , Lower A 
Published: April 2006

Objectives:To describe the development and implementation phases of a participative intervention aimed at reducing four theory grounded and empirically supported adverse psychosocial work factors (high psychological demands, low decision latitude, low social support, and low reward), and their mental health effects.Methods:The intervention was realised among 500 care providers in an acute care hospital. A prior risk evaluation was performed, using a quantitative approach, to determine the prevalence of adverse psychosocial work factors and of psychological distress in the hospital compared to an appropriate reference population. In addition, a qualitative approach included observation in the care units, interviews with key informants, and collaborative work with an intervention team (IT) including all stakeholders.Results:The prior risk evaluation showed a high prevalence of adverse psychosocial factors and psychological distress among care providers compared to a representative sample of workers from the general population. Psychosocial variables at work associated with psychological distress in the prior risk evaluation were high psychological demands (prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.27), low social support from supervisors and co-workers (PR = 1.35), low reward (PR = 2.92), and effort-reward imbalance (PR = 2.65). These results showed the empirical relevance of an intervention on the four selected adverse psychosocial factors among care providers. Qualitative methods permitted the identification of 56 adverse conditions and of their solutions. Targets of intervention were related to team work and team spirit, staffing processes, work organisation, training, communication, and ergonomy.Conclusion:This study adds to the scarce literature describing the development and implementation of preventive intervention aimed at reducing psychosocial factors at work and their health effects. Even if adverse conditions in the psychosocial environment and solutions identified in this study may be specific to the healthcare sector, the intervention process used (participative problem solving) appears highly exportable to other work organisations.