bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effect of rectal temperature on perianesthetic serum concentrations of transdermally administered fentanyl in cats anesthetized with isoflurane
Authors: Pettifer Glenn R. , Hosgood Giselle 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether moderate hypothermia during 4 hours of anesthesia with isoflurane substantially affects serum concentrations of transdermally administered fentanyl in the perianesthetic period in cats.Animals—7 healthy mature cats.Procedure—A fentanyl patch (25 µg/h) was applied to the shaved thorax 24 hours before induction of anesthesia. Anesthesia was induced at time 0. Each cat received 2 treatments in a random order. Treatments were isoflurane anesthesia with normothermia and isoflurane anesthesia with hypothermia. Cats were intubated, connected to a nonrebreathing circuit, and maintained at 1.3X minimum alveolar concentration for 4 hours. Cats in the hypothermia treatment groups were actively cooled to 35°C following the induction of anesthesia. Serum fentanyl analysis was performed at –24, –12, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4.5, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 24 hours.Results—Mean ± SEM serum fentanyl concentration (SFC) for the hypothermia treatment group (0.598 ± 0.3048 ng/mL) was significantly lower than the baseline concentration (1.834 ± 0.6393 ng/mL) at 1 hour. This significant reduction persisted for the duration of anesthesia for the hypothermia treatment group. Serum fentanyl concentrations returned to baseline values within 1 hour of the end of anesthesia, regardless of body temperature.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypothermia during inhalant anesthesia induced a significant reduction in SFC obtained with transdermal administration. The impact of this reduction in SFC on the contribution of transdermally administered fentanyl to any reduction in the need for inhalant anesthesia remains to be determined. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1557–1561)
Evaluation of a canine D-dimer point-of-care test kit for use in samples obtained from dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation, thromboembolic disease, and hemorrhage
Authors: Griffin Alison , Callan Mary Beth , Shofer Frances S. , Giger Urs 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate a canine D-dimer point-of-care (cD-d POC) test kit for use in healthy dogs and dogs with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), thromboembolic disease (TED), and hemorrhage.Animals—12 healthy dogs, 18 dogs with DIC, 23 dogs with TED (19 acute and 4 chronic), and 18 dogs with hemorrhage.Procedure—The cD-d POC, canine D-dimer ELISA (cD-d ELISA), human D-dimer latex agglutination (hD-d LA), and fibrin degradation product (FDP) tests were performed on citrated plasma.Results—All healthy dogs had negative cD-d POC test results and mean cD-d ELISA value of 0.2 U/mL. All dogs with DIC had positive cD-d POC test results and mean cD-d ELISA value of 44 U/mL. Dogs with acute TED had a mean cD-d ELISA value of 34 U/mL, and 17 of 19 had positive cD-d POC test results. Mean cD-d ELISA value in dogs with hemorrhage was 14 units/mL, and 15 of 18 had positive cD-d POC test results. The cD-d ELISA values in dogs with hemorrhage were significantly higher than those of healthy dogs but lower than those of dogs with DIC and acute TED. The cD-d POC, cD-d ELISA, and hD-d LA tests were comparable in differentiating healthy dogs from dogs with DIC, acute TED, or hemorrhage and appeared to be superior to measurement of FDPs.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The cD-d POC test kit can be quickly and easily used and reliably detects dogs with DIC or acute TED. Positive results may also be seen in dogs with internal hemorrhage. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:1562–1569)
Use of an ELISA for detection of antibody responses in Argentine boa constrictors (Boa constrictor occidentalis)
Authors: Lock Brad A. , Green Linda G. , Jacobson Elliott R. , Klein Paul A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop mouse monoclonal and rabbit polyclonal antibodies against immunoglobulin of Argentine boa constrictors and to demonstrate the ability of these reagents to detect antibody responses in boa constrictors by use of an ELISA and western blot analysis.Animals—Two 3-year-old Argentine boa constrictors.Procedure—Boa constrictors were immunized with 2,4-dinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (DNP-BSA). Each snake received biweekly inoculations of 250 µg of DNP-BSA (half SC, half IP) for a total of 6 inoculations followed by monthly inoculations for 3 months. Preimmune blood samples were collected. Subsequently, blood was collected immediately prior to each booster inoculation. Anti-DNP antibodies were isolated from immune plasma samples by affinity chromatography. Affinity-purified boa anti-DNP immunoglobulin was used for production of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. An ELISA and western blot analysis were used to monitor immune responses, for purification of boa anti-DNP immunoglobulin, and for assessment of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody specificity.Results—A 6-fold increase in optical density (OD405) of immune boa plasma, compared with preimmune plasma, was detected by the polyclonal antibody, and a 12- and 15-fold increase was detected by monoclonal antibodies HL1787 and HL1785, respectively, between weeks 4 and 8. Results of western blot analysis confirmed anti-DNP antibody activity in immunized boa plasma and in affinity column eluates. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies detected specific anti-DNP antibody responses in immunized boas.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies recognized boa constrictor immunoglobulin. These antibodies may be useful in serologic tests to determine exposure of snakes to pathogens. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:388–395)
Vaccination of ewes for prevention of vertical transmission of Neospora caninum
Authors: O'Handley R. M. , Morgan S. A. , Parker C. , Jenkins M. C. , Dubey J. P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the immunologic response of
a killed tachyzoite vaccine against Neospora caninum
and its effectiveness in preventing vertical transmission
of N caninum in sheep.

Animals—40 Dorset ewes seronegative for N caninum.

Procedure—Group-A ewes (n = 20) were vaccinated
on days 1 and 126 with a killed N caninum tachyzoite
preparation in a commercially available adjuvant.
Group-B ewes (n = 20) were sham vaccinated. Blood
samples were collected from ewes every 2 weeks
and a recombinant ELISA (rELISA) was used to determine
serum antibody titers against N caninum. During
pregnancy, ewes were challenged with live N caninum
tachyzoites. Precolostral serum was collected
from lambs and tested for antibodies against N caninum
by use of an indirect fluorescence antibody test
and the rELISA. Tissue specimens from stillborn
lambs or lambs that died within 2 weeks of birth were
collected and examined for N caninum antigen and
DNA by use of immunohistochemistry and polymerase
chain reaction assay, respectively.

Results—Serum antibody titers against N caninum
were significantly higher in group-A ewes, compared
with group B ewes, following vaccination. Serum antibodies
against N caninum were detected in 100%
(33/33) of group-B lambs and 75% (18/24) of group-A
lambs. In tissue specimens, N caninum DNA was
detected in 9 of 11 group-B lambs and 0 of 10 group-
A lambs. Histologically, N caninum tachyzoites were
observed in 4 group-A lambs and 3 group-B lambs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The killed
tachyzoite vaccine against N caninum stimulated a
humoral immune response in sheep and provided partial
protection against vertical transmission. (Am J Vet
Res 2003;64:449–452)
Evaluation of the local analgesic effect of ketamine in the palmar digital nerve block at the base of the proximal sesamoid (abaxial sesamoid block) in horses
Authors: López-Sanromán F. Javier , Cruz Jorge M. , Santos Martín , Mazzini Rubén A. , Tabanera Agustín , Tendillo Francisco J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the local analgesic effect of
ketamine in a palmar digital nerve block at the base of
the proximal sesamoid (abaxial sesamoid block) in
horses.

Animals—36 mature healthy Andalusian horses.

Procedure—Horses were randomly assigned to 4
groups of 9 horses each and received an abaxial
sesamoid block in a randomly chosen forelimb with 1
of the following: saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, 1% ketamine
solution, 2% ketamine solution, or 3% ketamine
solution. To determine analgesia, the radiant
heat lamp-hoof withdrawal model was used as a noxious
thermal stimulus. Before each nerve block, baseline
hoof withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL, time
between lamp illumination and withdrawal of the
hoof) was determined; after the nerve block, local
analgesic effects were determined by measuring
HWRL at 2 and 5 minutes after injection and then
every 5 minutes for a total period of 1 hour.

Results—Significant differences in HWRL were
found between baseline values and values at 2 to 15
minutes following a nerve block with ketamine.
Significant differences were found between HWRL
values at every time point from 2 to 10 minutes following
a nerve block with saline solution, compared
with 1 or 2% ketamine solution. Similarly, significant
differences were found between HWRL values at
every time point from 2 to 15 minutes following a
nerve block with saline solution, compared with 3%
ketamine solution.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Abaxial
sesamoid block with ketamine ensures adequate
analgesia in horses with an onset of action of 2 minutes
and a maximal duration of action of 15 minutes.
(Am J Vet Res 2003;64:475–478)
Effects of vaccine route and dosage on protection from rabies after intracerebral challenge in mice
Authors: Wunderli Peter S. , Dreesen David W. , Miller Timothy J. , Baer George M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effect of various routes of
administration and number of doses of 3 commercially
produced rabies vaccines on serum antibody
responses and protection in mice challenged by intracerebral
injection with fixed-strain rabies virus.

Animals—2,213 mice.

Procedure—Inactivated, adjuvanted rabies vaccines
were administered to mice in either 2, 1, or 0 (control)
doses via IP, IM, and SC routes, and mice were challenged
intracerebrally with fixed-strain rabies virus.

Results—Vaccination route and dose number significantly
influenced serum antibody responses and protection
from rabies virus challenge, independent of
vaccine strain origin and mouse strain, although
mouse age significantly affected results. Extended
challenge studies revealed that IM vaccination of
mice resulted in the highest serum neutralizing antibody
responses and protection levels equivalent to IP
vaccination. Even multiple doses administered SC (a
vaccination route used in dogs) resulted in poor
serum anti-rabies neutralizing antibody responses in
mice and were far less protective than other routes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest
possible improvements for the current rabies
vaccine potency test in mice by using 1 dose, the IM
route, and a delayed time of challenge. These modifications
would more closely model vaccination practices
in target species and yield more accurate information
regarding primary immunogenicity of a vaccine.
(Am J Vet Med 2003;64:491–498)
Effect of humeral osteotomy on joint surface contact in canine elbow joints
Authors: Fujita Yukihiro , Schulz Kurt S. , Mason David R. , Kass Philip H. , Stover Susan M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of sliding and wedge osteotomies of the humerus on the joint surface contact areas in anatomically normal elbow joints of dogs.Sample Population—Left thoracic limbs from 5 skeletally mature mixed-breed canine cadavers.Procedure—Joint casting was performed by placement of colored polymethylmethacrylate in the elbow joint cavity followed by loading in a materials testing system at physiologic angle and load. Joint casting was performed in unaltered specimens, after 10° medial opening wedge osteotomy, and after lateral sliding osteotomy of the proximal portion of the humerus. Computer-aided analysis of photographs of proximal radial and ulnar articular surfaces after each casting procedure was performed.Results—The lateral sliding humeral osteotomy and 10° medial opening wedge osteotomy significantly altered joint surface contact regions of the canine elbow joint. Osteotomies resulted in a reduction in the size of the radial, ulnar, and combined radioulnar contact areas. Both osteotomies also resulted in craniolateral migration of the radial contact area and craniomedial recession of the ulnar contact area. Although the reduction in ulnar contact area with these treatments is consistent with our hypotheses, the reduction in radial contact area was not anticipated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Humeral osteotomies alter joint surface contact areas of the canine elbow joint in vitro. Humeral osteotomies may decrease contact areas on the diseased region of the joint in dogs with elbow dysplasia; however, the overall decrease in joint surface contact area suggests that these procedures may induce focal increases in pressure that may cause iatrogenic cartilage damage when applied in vivo. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:506–511)
Validation of several types of noxious stimuli for use in determining the minimum alveolar concentration for inhalation anesthetics in dogs and rabbits
Authors: Valverde Alexander , Morey Timothy E. , Hernández Jorge , Davies Wendy 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare 3 types of noxious stimuli applied to various anatomic areas of anesthetized dogs and rabbits for determination of the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC).Animals—10 dogs and 10 rabbits.Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane and halothane in a randomized order. Rabbits were anesthetized with isoflurane. The MAC was determined by skin incision on the lateral aspect of the chest; clamping of the tail, paw of the forelimb, and paw of the hind limb; and application of electrical current to the oral mucosa (dogs only), forelimb, and hind limb. The MAC was the end-tidal concentration midway between the value permitting and preventing purposeful movement in response to noxious stimuli.Results—In dogs, mean ± SEM MAC for isoflurane was 1.27 ± 0.05% for clamping stimuli, 1.36 ± 0.04% for oral electrical stimulation, 1.35 ± 0.04% for electrical stimulation to the limbs, and 1.01 ± 0.07% for surgical incision. The MAC for halothane was 0.97 ± 0.03% for tail clamping, 0.96 ± 0.03% for clamping of the limbs, 1.04 ± 0.03% for electrical stimulation, and 0.75 ± 0.06% for surgical incision. In rabbits, MAC for isoflurane was 2.08 ± 0.02% for clamping stimuli, 2.04 ± 0.02% for electrical stimulation, and 0.90 ± 0.02% for surgical incision. The MAC for surgical incision was significantly lower than values for the other methods in both species.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of electrical current and clamping techniques resulted in similar MAC values. Surgical incision underestimated MAC values in dogs and rabbits. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:957–962)
Characterization of the bacterial population of the genital tract of adult cats
Authors: Holst Bodil Ström , Bergström Annika , Lagerstedt Anne-Sofie , Karlstam Erika , Englund Lena , Båverud Viveca 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the bacteria of the genital tract in adult cats; assess the effect of estrus, mating, and administration of progestins on those microorganisms in females; and evaluate whether results of bacteriologic culture of vaginal swabs are affected by cleansing of the vulva prior to sampling or by repeated sampling.Animals—66 female and 29 male cats undergoing routine ovariohysterectomy or castration.Procedure—Specimens were obtained from vaginal and uterine or preputial mucosae with swabs moistened with sterile saline (0.9% NaCl) solution. In 9 cats, vaginal specimens were obtained before and after cleansing of the vulva with ethanol; in 7 female cats, 2 vaginal specimens were obtained in immediate succession.Results—Aerobic bacteria were most commonly isolated from cats' vaginas and prepuces; anaerobic bacteria were isolated frequently from males (41%) but rarely from females (5%). Generally, culture results were not affected by cleansing of the vulva or repeated vaginal sampling. The bacterial population of the vaginas of cats was influenced by stage of the estrous cycle but not by mating or administration of progestins. Bacteria were not isolated from the uterus of any cat.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In cats, bacteria of the genital tract in females are predominantly aerobic; in males, aerobic and anaerobic bacteria are found. The bacterial population of the vagina is affected by stage of the estrous cycle. Pure growth of bacteria in culture of genital tract specimens is a normal finding; antimicrobials should only be administered if clinical signs of genital infection are present. (Am J Vet Res2003;64:963–968)
Evaluation of a technique of inducing hypertensive renal insufficiency in cats
Authors: Mathur Sheerin , Brown Cathy A. , Dietrich Ursula M. , Munday John S. , Newell Melvin A. , Sheldon Suzanne E. , Cartier Leslie M. , Brown Scott A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare 2 techniques of inducing combined renal insufficiency and systemic hypertension in cats.Animals—22 cats 6 to 12 months of age.Procedure—Cats were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Control (C) group cats had 2 intact kidneys, remnant kidney (RK) group cats underwent unilateral partial renal infarction and contralateral nephrectomy, and remnant-wrap (W) group cats underwent unilateral partial renal infarction and partial abtation and wrapping of the contralateral kidney. Systemic arterial blood pressure (BP) was measured continuously by use of implanted radiotelemetric devices. Renal function was assessed via determination of glomerular filtration rate, measurement of serum creatinine and BUN concentrations, and determination of urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UP/C). Serum aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were measured on day 75.Results—Systolic BP was significantly higher in groups RK and W than in group C, and systolic BP was significantly higher in group W than in group RK. Serum aldosterone concentration and plasma renin activity were significantly higher in group W, compared with groups C and RK. Glomerular filtration rate was significantly lower in groups RK and W, compared with group C. Histologic indices of renal injury and UP/C were significantly higher in group W, compared with groups C and RK.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hypertensive renal insufficiency in group W was characterized by marked sustained systemic hypertension, decreased renal function, proteinuria, activation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone axis, and renal structural injury. Results support the hypothesis that marked systemic hypertension, activation of the reninangiotensin- aldosterone axis, and proteinuria may damage the kidney of cats with preexisting renal insufficiency. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1006–1013)
Estimation of heritability of atopic dermatitis in Labrador and Golden Retrievers
Authors: Shaw Stephen C. , Wood James L. N. , Freeman Julia , Littlewood Janet D. , Hannant Duncan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To estimate the heritability of atopic dermatitis
in Golden and Labrador Retrievers.

Animals—429 dogs related to 13 dogs with atopic
dermatitis.

Procedure—Atopic dermatitis was defined on the
basis of the type and frequency of clinical signs
recorded in the clinical records, and each dog was
classified with atopic dermatitis or probable atopic
dermatitis or as nonatopic. By use of data from atopic
and nonatopic dogs, regression analyses of parental
status on offspring status were performed to estimate
heritability.

Results—There was no difference in the frequency
of atopic dermatitis between sexes or between
breeds. There was a marked association between
the atopic status of the parent and that of the offspring,
particularly for sires. By use of data from 32
litters in which the status of both parents was
known and considering only those dogs classified
with atopic dermatitis or as nonatopic, the heritability
(± SE) of atopic dermatitis was estimated to be
0.47 (± 0.17).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Atopic dermatitis
has a strong genetic component, and breeding
of dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis
should be discouraged. ( Am J Vet Res 2004;
65:1014–1020)
Evaluation of forelimb horseshoe characteristics of Thoroughbreds racing on dirt surfaces
Authors: Gross Diane K. , Stover Susan M. , Hill Ashley E. , Gardner Ian A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To describe forelimb horseshoe characteristics of horses racing on dirt surfaces and determine whether these characteristics vary with region of California, season, horse characteristics, and race-related factors.Animals—5,730 Thoroughbred racehorses.Procedure—From June 17, 2000, to June 16, 2001, the characteristics of 1 forelimb horseshoe of horses that raced on dirt surfaces at 5 major racetracks in California were recorded. These characteristics included shoe type; toe grab height; and presence of a rim, pad, and heel traction devices (jar caulks, heel stickers, heel blocks, and special nails). Horse and race information was obtained from commercial records. One race/horse was randomly selected.Results—99% of forelimb horseshoes were aluminum racing plates, 35% had a pad, 23% had a rim, and 8% had a heel traction device. A toe grab was observed on 75% of forelimb horseshoes (14% very low [≤ 2 mm], 30% low [> 2 and ≤ 4 mm], 30% regular [> 4 and ≤ 6 mm], and 1% high [> 6 and ≤ 8 mm]). Forelimb horseshoe characteristics varied with region of California, season, age and sex of the horse, race purse and distance, and track surface condition. Loglinear modeling revealed that all of these factors were significantly interrelated.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Complex interrelationships among forelimb horseshoe characteristics and region, season, age and sex of the horse, and race-related factors need to be considered when evaluating the relationships between injury and horseshoe characteristics in Thoroughbred racehorses. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1021–1030)
Effect of omeprazole paste on intragastric pH in clinically normal neonatal foals
Authors: Sanchez L. Chris , Murray Michael J. , Merritt Alfred M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole paste, a commonly used antiulcer drug, on intragastric pH in clinically normal neonatal foals.Animals—6 clinically normal foals between 5 and 14 days of age.Procedure—Intragastric pH was recorded in each foal by use of a disposable antimony pH electrode with internal reference. Values for intragastric pH were recorded every 4 seconds by use of an ambulatory pH monitor. There were two 24-hour recordings of intragastric pH for each foal, with 24 hours between recordings. Foals were not administered any drugs during the first recording. Foals were administered omeprazole paste (4 mg/kg, PO) 1 hour after the start of the second recording. Mean pH was calculated for each hour of each 24-hour recording session. Hourly mean values were compared between the first and second 24-hour recordings.Results—Complete data were obtained from 4 of 6 foals during the first 24-hour recording and 6 of 6 foals during the second 24-hour recording. Foals had significantly higher mean hourly intragastric pH for hours 2 to 22 following omeprazole administration, compared with corresponding hourly pH values in foals during the first recording.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Omeprazole paste can effectively increase intragastric pH in clinically normal neonatal foals within 2 hours after oral administration of the first dose and can be administered to neonatal foals at the rate of 4 mg/kg, PO, every 24 hours. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:1039–1041).