bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Foliar Application and Pre‐Sowing Treatment of Cereals with Selenite
Authors: Gissel‐Nielsen Gunnar 
Published: February 2007

Blattspritzung und Saatgutbehandlung von Getreiden mit Selenit.Um die Selenkonzentration auf mehr als 0.05 ppm Se zu erhöhen, welches das für die tierische Ernährung erforderliche Minimum ist, wurde Selenit auf 5–6 Wochen alte Gerstenpflanzen gesprüht. In zwei Feldversuchen — von 1972 und 1973 — wurde Selen in Form von Selenit in Konzentrationen von 0.5 bis 50 g Se auf 3001 Wasser pro Hektar gebraucht. Die Ergebnisse wiesen einige Unterschiede zwischen den Versuchen auf, für beide Jahre waren jedoch 5 g Se pro Hektar ausreichend, um in der Gerste eine Selenkonzentration von 0.05 ppm oder mehr zu erreichen.Untersucht wurde der Einfluß von Nitrogen und Schwefel auf die Blattaufnahme von Selenit in einem Topfversuch, bei dem als 75Se gekennzeichnetes Selenit verwendet wurde. Der Nitrogen‐ und Schwefel‐Zustand der Pflanzen hatte einen deutlichen Einfluß auf den Transport von Selenit von den Blättern zum Korn.Die Behandlung von Saat‐Gerste mit Selenit wurde in einem Topfversuch untersucht. Um die gleichen Endresultate zu erhalten, war die gleiche Menge Selen notwendig, die man benötigte, wenn Selenit im Düngemittel zugeführt wurde, dieses ist ungefähr 20mal soviel wie beim Besprühen der jungen Pflanzen mit Selenit gebraucht wird. Solche Vor‐Saatbehandlung von Gerstensaat resultiert in Konzentrationen von mehreren hundert ppm Se, welches das Saatmaterial für Tiere äußerst giftig macht.Zusammenfassend kann man sagen, daß die Sprühmethode mit Selenit auf 5–6 Wochen alte Getreidepflanzen eine vollauf annehmbare Behandlungsart zu sein scheint, um einen von Natur aus zu niedrigen Selen‐Inhalt auszugleichen.
Urankonzentration in Böden und ihre mögliche Nutzung als Prospektionshilfe
Authors: Scharpenseel H. W. , Pietig F. , Kruse E. 
Published: February 2007

Uranium concentrations of soils, and their use for prospection.U3O8 ‐ concentration in about 300 samples, exceed but in few hydromorphous and subhydric materials 5 ppm, not so in A‐horizons of marsh soils and samples taken from deposits of the small streams and creeks to and from the Eifel‐maar's. Elevated U3O8‐concentrations observed in maar gyttja could be due to volcanic discharge into the maar.In uranium bearing crystallin regions (regions Mähring, Böhmerwald; Weißenstadt, Fichtelgebirge; Ellweiler, Nahesenke; Menzenschwand and Wittichen near Alpirsbach, Black Forest) all measurement indicated strongly elevated U3O8 ‐ concentrations, especially in creek deposits and gley soil, but not so in A and B horizons of terrestric soils (dystrophic cambisols) even in the core of the uranium bearing region. Thus, U3O8 analysis in creek deposits and gleys can render assistance in uranium prospections.U3O8 measurements in soil fractions are highest in the acid treated fractions ‘fulvic acid’ and ‘residue after humine precipitation’. Uranium contents relative to sample ‐ C are highest in the whole soil and extraction residue of the soil, pointing either to stronger link with the mineral part of the soil or to desorption of the uranium from the humic matter fractions in course of the alkali extraction.
Linolsäure‐ und Tocopherolgehalt von Sonnenblumenfrüchten in Abhängigkeit von Sorte und Standort
Authors: Dompert W. , Beringer H. , Michael G. 
Published: February 2007

Linoleic acid and tocopherol contents of sunflower fruits as depending on different varieties and localities.Six sunflower varieties were grown in Germany, Romania and Zambia. All varieties showed a lower percentage in linoleic acid and a higher percentage in oleic acid if grown in Zambia. Additionally the ratio of α‐Tocopherol: linoleic acid was increased in all varieties.Wir danken der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft für finanzielle Unterstützung und Fräulein V. Fischer für technische Hilfe.
Reinprotein, Chlorophyll, Carotin und Kohlenhydrate bei Daucus carota im Verlauf der Vegetationsperiode des ersten Jahres unter dem Einfluß von Wachstumsregulatoren
Authors: Linser H. , Zeid F. A. 
Published: February 2007

Pure protein, chlorophyll, carotene, and carbohydrates of Daucus carota throughout the vegetative period of first year as influenced by growth regulators (CCC, GA and BA).1) Carrot plants were treated for 9 weeks with gibberellic acid (GA3), benzyladenine (BA) and chlorcholinechloride (CCC). 2) Yield of carrot roots (g/plant) was reduced by GA, and changed insignificantly by CCC and BA. Leaf yield was increased with GA and BA, and decreased with CCC. 3) The quantity of pure protein in carrot roots (mg/plant) increased with CCC and decreased with GA and BA. Opposite results were obtained for leaves. 4) The quantity of hydrolysable carbohydrates (g/plant) in roots decreased with GA, BA and CCC. In leaves GA and BA increased the yield of carbohydrates whereas CCC decreased it. 5) The quantity of carotene (mg/plant) in roots decreased strongly with GA and negligibly with BA. CCC increased the yield of carotene. 6) The quantity of chlorophyll (mg/plant) increased with GA and decreased with CCC. BA increased chlorophyll during the first half phase of the vegetative period and decreased in the other half phase. 7) Following relations were calculated for the duration of the vegetative period: a) hydrolysable carbohydrates to pure protein of leaves and roots. b) carotene (in the roots) to pure protein (in the leaves) c) Carotene (in the roots) to carbohydrates (in the roots) d) carbohydrates to chlorophyll in the leaves, furthermore was calculated e) the storing power of the living system of leaves for carbohydrates in the roots. 8) The time curves for daily synthesis capacity of system of leaves or their storing capacity for products in the roots show that protein, chlorophyll and carotene of leaves behave as components of the system while carbohydrates (as expected) belog to the product. Contrary to that the daily storing capacity of the system of leaves shows that protein, carotene and carbohydrates in the roots belong to the product. Thus the root proves to be a genuine storage organ in which the major quantities of protein and carotene are not involved in the metabolic processes but can be regarded as stored or end products. .
Auswirkungen von Lockerungsmaßnahmen auf das Bodengefüge von Pseudogleyen
Authors: Schröder D. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of sub‐soiling on the physical characteristics of pseudogleys..Physical studies on eight soils that had been sub‐soiled over a range from two to twelve years before, showed that after two years the loosening of the subsoil was still god. The soils that had been sub‐soiled eight to twelve years before were only slightly better than the untreated ones. Available water capacity for plants could not be increased. On the other hand it was possible to decrease mechanical compactness of the soil and to cultivate the soil earlier in the year.
Mögliche Ursachen der Mangan‐Toleranz bestimmter Reis‐Sorten
Authors: Isermann K. 
Published: February 2007

Possible causes for tolerance of certain rice varieties to manganese..The physiological explanation for Mn‐tolerance of certain rice‐varieties was surched in a long‐(3 weeks) and short‐termed (24 h) experiment with 4 and 5 weeks old intact rice‐plants. Three rice‐varieties are used which were resp. different in their tolerance to an high level of manganese (long‐termed experiment: IR‐8 + susceptible, IR‐22 + intermediate, IR‐661 + resistant; short‐termed experiment: Peta + susceptible, IR‐22 + intermediate, Ml‐48 + resistant). The rice plants were grown up for 4 resp. 5 weeks under the same conditions with a manganese‐level in the nutrient solution of 1 ppm (MnCl2) and 5 ppm Fe (FeEDTA). Then uptake and translocation of Mn and Fe was studied in the same nutrient solutions with different levels of Mn (0,01‐1 ppm). In the long‐termed experiment toxic symptoms, which resulted from the high Mn‐level, were observed. The following results were obtained: 1. At high manganese levels in the substrate only the shoots but not the roots showed Mn‐induced toxic symptoms. 2. In relation to the extent of tolerance of the rice‐varieties, the high Mn‐level in the substrate resulted in the shoots in chlorosis with following nekrosis, in a reduced number of leaves and a reduced dry matter. 3. Irrespective of differences in variety and Mn‐level, the shoots had, in contrast to the roots, a much more Mn‐ than Fe‐content. Therefore the Mn‐sensitive shoot of rice plants had an high Mn/Fe‐relation, while this relation was low in Mn‐resistant roots. 4. There are no differences in Mn‐uptake and translocation of the three varieties in relation to their extent of tolerance to an high level of manganese. 5. At low (0,01–0,1 ppm) and normal )1‐10 ppm) levels of Mn in the substrate, uptake and translocation of Fe was higher in varieties which are sensitive, than in those wihich are intermediate or resistant to an high Mn‐level. 6. Increasing of Mn reduced Fe‐uptake and ‐translocation, but at toxic levels of Mn in the substrate (50–100 ppm), uptake and translocation of Fe was now higher in varieties which are intermediate and resistant to an high Mn‐level than in those which was Mn‐sensitive. Therefore rice‐varieties which are resistant or intermediate to high Mn‐levels can maintain a much lower Mn/Fe‐relation, than those which are Mn‐sensitive, esp. in the shoots. 7. On this basis of manganese‐induced Fe‐deficiency, and of better Fe‐uptake and ‐translocation at toxic Mn‐levels, Mn‐tolerance of certain rice‐varieties is discussed. .
Die Zersetzung des Stroh‐Zellulose‐Ligninkomplexes mit Pleurotus Florida und dessen Nutzung
Authors: Zadražil F. 
Published: February 2007

The decomposition of straw‐cellulose‐lignin by Pleurotus florida and its use..
Holocellulose, alpha‐cellulose and lignin in wheat straw are regularly decomposed by Pleurotus Florida. The absolute quantities of individual components are not altered in relation to dry mass. The commencing mass (wheat straw) is reduced by decomposition to 20%.
The difference between the spent compost and a substratum stored for an identical period under semianaerobic conditions will be the greater, depending upon how much more favourable the conditions (for example oxigen) were for fruitingbody development.
The water and glucose solubility of the substratum (time function of Pleurotus growth) is shown at various temperatures and with the use of various extraction media. It can be seen that the water solubility of the substratum increases with the duration of Pleurotus growth.
About 10% of wheat straw substratum is converted into fruiting‐body (Pleurotus Florida), 70% is given off as CO2 and H2O as loss. The remaining 20% of the original mass is spent compost.
With harvesting of the fruiting‐bodies part of the nutrient is removed. The final constitution of the spent compost is altered by the selective removal of nutrients by the Pleurotus mycelium and harvesting of the fruiting‐bodies. In this process, Ca and Mg show a relative increase, whereas N, K and P decrease slightly.
The change of Pleurotus substratum was with spectroscopic analysis by 280 nm determined.
Spent compost can be used as plant manure or ballast feed.

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Fixation of emitted lead by soils
Authors: Hildebrand E. E. , Blum W. E. 
Published: February 2007

Die Bindung von Immissionsblei in Böden.Durch Bleisättigung isolierter Sorptionsträger bei unterschiedlichen pH‐Werten und durch Extraktionsanalysen an bleikontaminierten Böden wurden folgende Ergebnisse erzielt:.Der Humus trägt am meisten zur Immobilisierung von Blei in Böden bei. Der Einfluß der Humusform auf die Sorptionskapazität für Blei kann zu einem großen Teil auf den Polymerisationsgrad zurückgeführt werden. Die koordinative Bindung des Bleis an Gruppen mit freien Elektronenpaaren wird als entscheidender Reaktionsmechanismus der humusspezifischen Bleisorption erachtet. Daneben konnte auch Bleisalzbildung an polaren Gruppen festgestellt werden. Entsprechend diesen Bindungsformen nehmen die Bleisorptionskapazität und die Stabilität der Humus‐Blei‐Komplexe mit sinkendem pH‐Wert ab.Der niedrige. aber eindeutig erfaßbare Anteil der Tonminerale an der Bleibindung in Böden beruht auf zwei pH‐abhängigen Sorptionsmechanismen. Bei pH7 und darüber bestimmen chemische Eigenschaften der Reaktionspartner die Bleisorption. In Analogie zur Säure‐Base‐Reaktion wird Blei von SiOH, AlOH und AlOH2‐Gruppen der Mineraloberflächen nicht elektrolyt‐austauschbar gebunden. Bei pH ≦ 7 bestimmen vorwiegend physikochemische Eigenschaften der Reaktionspartner das Ergebnis einer physisorptiven Bleiadsorption.Unterhalb des isoelektrischen Bereiches wird Blei von amorphem Fe‐Oxidhydrat, Goethit und Hämatit aufgrund seiner Hydroxyl‐affinität adsorbiert. Die nicht elektrolytaustauschbare Bleibindung an den Oxidoberflächen scheint quantitativ weit stärker vom Verhältnis Oberfläche: Volumen der Oxide abzuhängen als von der Oxidform selbst.Aufgrund dieser Ergebnisse wird gefolgert, daß eine Bleikontamination des Grundwassers durch vertikalen Transport bei Böden durchschnittlichen Entwicklungsgrades nicht anzunehmen ist. Dies wird auch durch die Abhängigkeit der Bleigehalte von der Zeitdauer der Bleiimmission in straßennahen Oberflächenhorizonten bestätigt.Dagegen kann die Bleiakkumulation in Oberflächenhorizonten zu einer vermehrten Einbeziehung von Blei in ökologische Kreisläufe führen, mit zunehmender Gefahr für die Nahrungsketten und möglicher zukünftiger Gefahren für den Menschen.
Zuckerbildung in Möhren unter dem Einfluß einer Behandlung mit Harnstoffderivaten, Carbamaten und Amiden
Authors: Amberger A. , Gutser R. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of applications of phenyl‐ureas, ‐carbamates and ‐amides on synthesis of sugar in carrots.In field and pot trials with mineral and peaty soil respectively lower moor the synthesis of sugar was studied with carrots treated with herbicides of the type of phenyl‐ureas, ‐carbamates and amides. In field trials the success of the chemical weed control determines the yield and sugar content. In pot trials the application of herbicides diminishes the yield and formation of sugar. From the 3 predominant sugars of carrots (glucose, fructose and sucrose) the disaccharid is reduced the most in spite of frequently unchanged respectively slowly increased reducing sugars. It is supposed, that the synthesis of disaccharides from monosaccharides is inhibited by an increased activity of phosphatase.
Die Wirkung des Stickstoffs in langsamwirkenden synthetisch‐organischen Stickstoffdüngemitteln oder Mischdüngern mit einer langsamwirkenden Stickstoffkomponente
Authors: De Haan S. , Werkhoven C. H. E. 
Published: February 2007

The effectiveness of nitrogen in slow‐release synthetic‐organic nitrogen fertilizer materials and mixed fertilizers containing a slow‐release nitrogen component.In an incubation trial conducted for a period of 16 weeks at 30°C and 100% R.H. the release of nitrogen was studied from 20 slow‐release nitrogen fertilizers and mixed fertilizers containing a slow‐release nitrogen component on an urea‐aldehyde basis. Amounts equivalent to 500 mg N per kg dry soil were added to a diluvial sandy soil having a pH‐KCl of 5.44 and a moisture content of 55% of the maximum retentive capacity. On the average, 35% of the slow‐release nitrogen was released, 60% of which during the first 4 weeks. The best measure of the amount of N released was the amount of cold‐water soluble N in the fertilizers. The amount of N released exceeded the amount of applied cold‐water soluble N on the average by about 4%, which was also the percentage of released cold‐water insoluble nitrogen.The differences among the individual fertilizers were rather large. In a supplementary trial it was found that the various urea‐aldehyde combinations do not react alike to pH and moisture content of the soil, and that they for that reason can hardly be lumped together with respect to their nitrogen effect. Each of these materials is more or less a special‐purpose fertilizer, and as such less suited as a substitute for the conventional fast‐acting fertilizers in agriculture.
Effect of Slow‐Release Nitrogenous Fertilizers on Growth. Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat
Authors: Verstraeten L. M. J. , Livens J. 
Published: February 2007

Einfluß langsam fließender Stickstoffdüngemittel auf Wachstum, Ertrag und Qualität von Winterweizen.Es wurde untersucht, inwieweit verschiedene Harnstoff‐Aldehyd‐Kondensate als N‐Dünger für die Qualitätsverbesserung von Winterweizen angewandt werden können.Obwohl ein Effekt dieses langsam wirkenden Stickstoffs während des vegetativen Wachstums beobachtet wurde, waren sowohl die Kornproduktion (5.457 bis 5.838 kg/ha T. M.) als auch der Eiweißgehalt (9.6 bis 10.8%) bei nahezu allen Behandlungen gleich.Eine Verdopplung der N‐Düngung mit Hexamin ergab nicht nur einen größeren Ertrag, sondern verbesserte auch alle Qualitätsmerkmale bedeutend.Mit UF (Ureaform) wurde die niedrigste Produktion erreicht, aber mit normalen Qualitätseigenschaften. Diese Behandlung erzielte außerdem eine ziemlich gute Backfähigkeit.Weitere Vorteile der langsam wirkenden Dünger waren die Produktion von kürzerem Stroh — wodurch die Lagerung des Getreides verhindert wird — und das Ausbleiben der Mehltaukrankheit.
Über den Transport von Lithium in der höheren Pflanze
Authors: Hinz Ulrich , Fischer Hermann 
Published: February 2007

The Transport of Lithium in Higher Plants.In corn, wheat, and tomato plants the possibility of Li‐transport in the phloem was studied.After absorption by the root Li is quickly distributed throughout the stem and the leaves, redistribution from the leaves cannot be observed, however. Also no redistribution of Li takes place if at the same time by means of K‐deficiency transport of K from the leaves is intensified.If Li is applied directly on the leaf, transport of Li only occurs into the same direction as the translocation of water.Thus Li shows the same transport characteristics as Ca, Sr, and Ba and not those of the alkali ions; concerning the long distance transport in the conductive tissues the minerals mentioned can be grouped in the same way as for the absorption by the roots.
Schwermetallverteilung und Tongehalte in Böden
Authors: Schlichting E. , Elgala A .M. 
Published: February 2007

Heavy metal distribution and clay contents in soils.In soil profiles differing considerably in horizon pattern and parent material the contents of Mn, Zn, Cu and Co were correlated with those of clay (and CEC), of total Fe (and dithionite soluble Fe) and ‐ after relation to clay ‐ with C. The correlations with clay, CEC, Fet and Fed were in all cases positive and highly significant, though differing between the different metals and between the references. Deviations for all elements are due to lithogenic differences in soils from mesozoic sediments and for Mn also due to its lower pedogenic stability. The correlations with C were not significant, since O horizons were not yet investigated. The ‘mobility’ of the heavy metals ( = EDTA + NH4O Ac‐extractable in relation to total amount) in topsoils could be more correlated (negative) with the reserves than with other soil features. Relating the ‘immobile’ heavy metal contents to the other soil features considerably improved the correlations.
Einfluß der Lichtintensität bei variierter Kaliumernährung auf CO2‐Assimilation und Ertragsbildung bei Sommerweizen
Authors: Haeder H. E. , Mengel K. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of light intensity at varied potassium supply on CO2 assimilation and yield formation of spring wheat.
The effect of a varied K+ supply on CO2 assimilation rates and yield formation has been studied at two different light intensities with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown in solution culture. Light intensity was reduced in one treatment by shading the plants with a cloth, which caused a reduction of about 50 % of the light intensity. This shading was applied from the heading stage until grain maturation.
Reduced light intensity resulted in remarkably decreased rates of dry matter increments in both K treatments. In the beginning this growth depression, however, was small in the treatment with the higher K supply. At the stage of transition from the vegetative to the reproductive stage the better K+ nutrition obviously could compensate the lacking light to some degree. This favourable K+ effect, however, decreased with the advance of the reproductive phase. Thus at maturation in both K treatments equal quantities of dry matter were harvested. In the treatments with full light the higher K supply resulted in a yield increase at maturation.
The CO2 assimilation rates measured at flowering, milk stage and dough stage indicated that rather the K supply than the light intensities influenced the CO2 assimilation. The treatments with the higher K supply showed almost twice as high assimilation rates compared with the treatments with the lower K supply.
The reduced light intensity caused a substantial depression in grain yield in both K treatments. The poor grain yield was mainly due to a reduced thousand grain weight and to a less extent to a reduction in the number of ears.
As the better K supply resulted in increased CO2 assimilation rates without having an influence on the grain filling of the plants exposed to a lower light intensity, it is concluded that at low light intensities the grain filling is not limited by the supply of grains with photosynthates but probably is affected by other processes.

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Auswirkungen der Wintersalzstreuung auf den Mineralstoffhaushalt von Linden
Authors: Ernst W. , Feldermann D. 
Published: February 2007

Effects of de‐icing salts (NaCl) on the mineral status of lime‐trees.The long time effect of de‐icing salt on the mineral status of the roadside trees Tilia cordata and Tilia tomentosa are investigated after mild winters. Despite the low content of chloride in the soils injured trees contain high amounts of chloride and also sometimes soidum in leaves, bark and wood. There was a good correlation between the accumulation of sodium chloride or chloride alone and the degrees of visible injury of the leaves (chlorosis or necrosis), but no correlation exists for calcium, magnesium and potassium levels. However, in branches and stems increasing amounts of sodium chloride caused an decrease of potassium. An early recognition of salt injury in trees is possible by analysing the ion composition of the interior bark. Levels of more than 7.5 meq chloride or/and 5.0 meq sodium per 100 g dry bark substance are indicating salt injuries.