bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A comparative analysis of métiers and catch profiles for some French demersal and pelagic fleets
Authors: Marchal Paul 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Marchal, P. 2008. A comparative analysis of métiers and catch profiles for some French demersal and pelagic fleets. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 674–686. A quantitative comparison between métiers and resulting catch profiles was carried out for seven French demersal and pelagic fleets operating in the North Sea, the eastern Channel, and the Bay of Biscay. Typologies for four métiers have been attempted, based on different factors (gear, mesh size, fishing ground, and/or a priori target species), data sources (logbooks or harbour enquiries), and aggregation levels. Catch profiles were selected through cluster analysis. The linkage between métiers and catch profiles was quantified using uncertainty coefficients, which depended on the métier typology being used and the fleet under consideration, but were not subject to substantial inter- or intra-annual fluctuations. Future catch profiles and métiers were forecast in 2005 based on the 2001–2004 métier/catch profile correlations. When contrasted with the 2005 observations, the forecasting score was greatest (80–85%) for pelagic trawlers and gillnetters, and lowest for demersal trawlers (5–60%).
The effect of management choices on the sustainability and economic performance of a mixed fishery: a simulation study
Authors: Kraak S. B. M. , Buisman F. C. , Dickey-Collas M. , Poos J. J. , Pastoors M. A. , Smit J. G. P. , van Oostenbrugge J. A. E. , Daan N. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Kraak, S. B. M., Buisman, F. C., Dickey-Collas, M., Poos, J. J., Pastoors, M. A., Smit, J. G. P., van Oostenbrugge, J. A. E., and Daan, N. 2008. The effect of management choices on the sustainability and economic performance of a mixed fishery: a simulation study. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 697–712. Alternative management scenarios were evaluated in a simulation framework that mimicked the recent exploitation of sole and plaice in the North Sea. A large proportion of plaice is taken as bycatch of the beam trawl fleet targeting sole, yet current management of the two stocks assumes no interaction in their exploitation. The evaluation criteria included biological and economic sustainability, and stability in the management measures. The fishery was assumed to respond to management restrictions by dropping the least profitable trips. We investigated two contrasting management strategies, single-species total allowable catches, and effort regulation. Under the assumptions made, the latter strategy performed better. The results suggest that, given assessment error and bias, a strategy that accounts for the mixed nature of a fishery and that occasionally results in perceived underexploitation may work best. Stability in fishing mortality reinforces itself, through lower assessment bias, and management corrections become less frequent. The common assumption in many stock assessments in EC waters that fishing mortality in the most recent year should resemble the value obtained in previous years (“shrinkage”) had a negative effect on the stability of control measures.
Microvesicles in haemoglobinopathies offer insights into mechanisms of hypercoagulability, haemolysis and the effects of therapy
Authors: Westerman Maxwell , Pizzey Arnold , Hirschman Jocelyn , Cerino Mario , Weil‐Weiner Yonit , Ramotar Prya , Eze Ada , Lawrie Andrew , Purdy Gordon , Mackie Ian , Porter John 
Published: April 2008

SummaryLevels of circulating red blood cell (RBC)‐derived vesicles are increased in sickle cell anaemia (SCA) and thalassaemia intermedia (TI) but the mechanisms, effects and controlling factors may differ. This study found that levels of vesicles and intravascular haemolysis were linked as shown by the correlation between levels of vesicles and plasma Hb. Vesicle levels were 6‐fold greater in SCA and 4‐fold greater in TI than in controls. The proportion of plasma Hb within vesicles was increased in SCA and TI with a significantly higher proportion in TI. We examined whether subpopulations of RBC expressing phosphatidylserine (PS) were a source of PS(+) vesicles and observed a significant association. Thrombin generation was promoted by the vesicles in which 40–50% expressed PS. In TI, markers of thrombin generation were significantly related to PS(+) RBC. Splenectomy in TI had significant effects including greater increases in vesicle levels, plasma Hb, PS(+) RBCs and thrombin generation markers than in unsplenectomised patients. In hydroxycarbamide (HC)‐treated SCA patients these measures were decreased compared with untreated controls. The relationship between vesicle levels and plasma Hb suggests a mechanism linking vesiculation to haemolysis and consequently nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and suggests a means by which HC treatment improves NO bioavailability.
The expression of ΔNTP73, TATP73 and TP53 genes in acute myeloid leukaemia is associated with recurrent cytogenetic abnormalities and in vitro susceptibility to cytarabine cytotoxicity
Authors: Lucena‐Araujo Antonio R. , Panepucci Rodrigo A. , Dos Santos Guilherme A. S. , Jácomo Rafael H. , Santana‐Lemos Bárbara A. A. , Lima Ana S. G. , Garcia Aglair B. , Araújo Amélia G. , Falcão Roberto P. , Rego Eduardo M. 
Published: April 2008

Summary TP73 encodes for two proteins: full‐length TAp73 and ΔNp73, which have little transcriptional activity and exert dominant‐negative function towards TP53 and TAp73. We compared TATP73 and ΔNTP73 expression in acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) samples and normal CD34+ progenitors. Both forms were more highly expressed in leukaemic cells. Amongst AML blasts, TATP73 was more expressed in AML harbouring the recurrent genetic abnormalities (RGA): PML‐RARA, RUNX1‐RUNX1T1 and CBFB‐MYH11, whereas higher ΔNTP73 expression was detected in non‐RGA cases. TP53 expression did not vary according to ΔNTP73/TATP73 expression ratio. Leukaemic cells with higher ΔNTP73/TATP73 ratios were significantly more resistant to cytarabine‐induced apoptosis.
Estimation of the density of the protocatechuate‐degrading bacterial community in soil by real‐time PCR
Authors: El Azhari N. , Bru D. , Sarr A. , Martin‐Laurent F. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThe β‐ketoadipate pathway is the major route for degradation of aromatic compounds by various soil microorganisms. Protocatechuate 3,4‐dioxygenase, a key enzyme of this pathway and which is encoded by pcaGH genes, catalyses the ring cleavage of protocatechuate. Microorganisms harbouring pcaGH genes are widely distributed in the environment but little is known about their relative abundance within the total microflora. Hence, this paper reports the development of a real‐time PCR assay to quantify the bacterial pcaH sequence that encodes the β sub‐unit of the protocatechuate 3,4‐dioxygenase. This real‐time PCR assay was linear over seven orders of magnitude with a calculated efficiency of 99% and sensitive up to 102 copies of the pcaH sequence per assay. Real‐time PCR analyses performed on six soils with different physico‐chemical properties, revealed pcaH densities ranging from 103 to 104 copies of pcaH ng−1 of soil DNA, which corresponded to approximately 0.2–10.9% of the total bacterial community. The sequencing of real‐time PCR amplicons yielded 48 deduced amino acid sequences that exhibited 44–100% identity to known bacterial PcaH sequences, thereby confirming the accuracy of this real‐time PCR assay.
On effective linearity of soil process models
Authors: Corstanje R. , Lark R. M. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryThere are various circumstances in which it is important to know whether we can treat a model of a soil process as linear with respect to its parameters. In particular this is necessary when we decide how to apply that model so as to generate outputs at different spatial scales. Very few, if any, interesting soil models are strictly linear. However, the assumption of linearity might not be unreasonable if, for the region of interest, the variation of a particular input is fairly limited, or is limited to certain regions of the model’s parameter space, or both. For this reason we propose the concept of effective linearity.We propose that the effective linearity of a model is quantified by the mean square deviation of the model output from a best linear approximation, given some distribution of inputs. This can be computed for a full set of inputs, or for one input with the other inputs assumed to have an independent non‐linear effect.We computed these measures of non‐linearity for a model of ammonia volatilization from the soil. We computed them for regions of different size, given a particular geostatistical model of the spatial covariation of the inputs of interest. This showed that, except for small regions, the model could not be regarded as effectively linear because of the model response to soil pH. As a result the mean square deviation of model predictions relative to a best linear approximation is large by comparison to the analytical variance of the model output.
Interannual and seasonal variability of the diversity and structure of ichthyoplankton assemblages in the central Mexican Pacific
Authors: FRANCO‐GORDO C. , GODÍNEZ‐DOMÍNGUEZ E. , SUÁREZ‐MORALES E. , FREIRE J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe examined larval fish diversity and assemblage structure off the central coast of the Mexican Pacific from December 1995 through December 1998, including the 1997–98 El Niño event. A total of 132 taxa were recorded, the dominant species being Bregmaceros bathymaster, Dormitator latifrons, and Harengula thrissina (90, 1.9, and 0.8% of the total abundance, respectively). Only B. bathymaster, D. latifrons, and Gobionellus sp. occurred in all samples. The effects of the 1997–98 El Niño on ichthyoplankton diversity were significant, but typical seasonal patterns were also detected. Diversity null models were used to determine the structural changes in the assemblage related to El Niño; both richness and evenness of the species were highest during this event. The most parsimonious models of assemblage organization include El Niño and seasonality as the most significant environmental variability sources. The small‐scale spatial variability expressed as the cross‐shore gradient was not significant. The dominant species group formed by B. bathymaster, D. latifrons, and Vinciguerria lucetia typifies, in terms of similarity, both the pre‐El Niño and El Niño periods; abundance differed between periods. The El Niño period was characterized locally by the dominant Bentosema panamense and H. thrissina, by the rare Euthynnus lineatus, and species of Lutjanus. Seasonality produced changes also in the relative frequencies of the dominant species plus the occurrence of rare forms. The average taxonomical distinctness, considered herein as an indicator of functional diversity, reflected the seasonal variability of the assemblages, aside from El Niño; this index showed lowest values during tropical and transitional periods, both characterized by warm, oligotrophic waters. The high dominance of B. bathymaster in the area and its effect on diversity stabilized the local ichthyoplankton assemblage. An upgraded analysis of diversity allowed a more detailed description of the variability in this assemblage, thus stressing the differential effects of El Niño at distinct latitudes.
Ethical issues in research with homeless youths
Authors: Ensign Josephine , Ammerman Seth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTitle.  Ethical issues in research with homeless youths. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to documente researcher, healthcare provider and programme administrators’ experiences with ethical issues in research with homeless youths in North America.Background.  While there are legal and ethical guidelines for research with adolescents and with vulnerable populations in general, there are no specific guidelines for the ethical conduct of research with homeless youths.Methods.  Using a web‐based questionnaire, healthcare and social service providers, programme administrators and researchers working with homeless young people throughout the United States of America and Canada were surveyed in 2005. The survey group consisted of 120 individuals; a total of 72 individuals completed the survey. Survey questions included experiences with using incentives in research with homeless youths, consent and experiences with ethics review boards. Numerical data were analysed using frequencies and cross‐tabulations. Text data were analysed qualitatively.Findings.  Researchers doing mental health and/or substance use research tended to use money as a research incentive, whereas healthcare providers and programme administrators tended to use non‐monetary incentives. The majority of respondents reported using written consent for research from homeless youths, including minors. Respondents reporting difficulties with ethics review boards were mainly involved with intervention research.Conclusion.  Consensus is needed from a variety of stakeholders, including homeless youths and service providers, on use of various types of research incentives for different types of research, as well as use of consent for homeless youths who are minors.
Re‐examination of risk factors for non‐Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients
Authors: Thorson Melissa A.L. , Bliss Donna Zimmaro , Savik Kay 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTitle.  Re‐examination of risk factors for non‐Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study to determine the incidence of non‐Clostridium difficile‐associated diarrhoea in hospitalized patients and to re‐evaluate clinical characteristics and other risk factors related to non‐C. difficile‐associated diarrhoea.Background.  Numerous factors are thought to be responsible for diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. Reports about the diarrhoeal effects of some medications administered concomitantly with tube feeding have stimulated reappraisal of the influence of tube feeding as a potential cause.Method.  This study was a secondary analysis of data of 154 hospitalized patients collected during a prospective epidemiological study from 1992 to 1993. The secondary analysis was completed in 2006 in order to investigate unanswered questions of current importance.Findings.  The sample was predominantly male and middle aged; approximately 50% were tube fed, and 25% were in an intensive care unit. The incidence of diarrhoea was 35%. Increased severity of illness as well as the combination of sorbitol‐containing medication administration and tube feeding were found to be statistically significant factors in the development of diarrhoea.Conclusion.  As diarrhoea in hospitalized patients appears to be multifactorial, use of an algorithm to systematically evaluate and manage related factors is recommended.
A review of termination of pregnancy: prevalent health care professional attitudes and ways of influencing them
Authors: Lipp Allyson 
Published: April 2008

Aim.  To review the literature on attitudes of health care professionals to termination of pregnancy and draw out underlying themes.Background.  The controversy surrounding therapeutic abortion is unremitting with public opinion often polemic and unyielding. Nurses and midwives are at the centre of this turmoil, and as more termination of pregnancies are being performed using pharmacological agents, they are becoming ever more involved in direct care and treatment. Attitudes towards termination of pregnancy have been found to vary depending on the nationality of those asked, the professionals involved, experience in abortion care, as well as personal attributes of those asked such as their obstetric history and religious beliefs. The reasons for women undergoing abortion were also found to influence attitudes to a greater or lesser extent.Conclusion.  This paper explores research studies undertaken into attitudes of health care professionals towards termination of pregnancy, to appreciate the complexity of the debate. It is possible that the increased involvement of nurses in termination of pregnancy, that current methods demand, may lead to change in attitudes. Consideration is given to a number of remedies to create an optimum environment for women undergoing termination of pregnancy.Relevance to clinical practice.  This paper establishes via a literature review that attitudes in those working in this area of care depend upon a variety of influences. Suggestions are made for measures to be put into place to foster appropriate attitudes in those working in termination of pregnancy services.
Cascading transcriptional effects of a naturally occurring frameshift mutation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: BROWN KYLE M. , LANDRY CHRISTIAN R. , HARTL DANIEL L. , CAVALIERI DUCCIO 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGene‐expression variation in natural populations is widespread, and its phenotypic effects can be acted upon by natural selection. Only a few naturally segregating genetic differences associated with expression variation have been identified at the molecular level. We have identified a single nucleotide insertion in a vineyard isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that has cascading effects through the gene‐expression network. This allele is responsible for about 45% (103/230) of the genes that show differential gene expression among the homozygous diploid progeny produced by a vineyard isolate. Using isogenic laboratory strains, we confirm that this allele causes dramatic differences in gene‐expression levels of key genes involved in amino acid biosynthesis. The mutation is a frameshift mutation in a mononucleotide run of eight consecutive T's in the coding region of the gene SSY1, which encodes a key component of a plasma‐membrane sensor of extracellular amino acids. The potentially high rate of replication slippage of this mononucleotide repeat, combined with its relatively mild effects on growth rate in heterozygous genotypes, is sufficient to account for the persistence of this phenotype at low frequencies in natural populations.
Response of endophytic Biscogniauxia mediterranea to variation in leaf water potential of Quercus cerris
Authors: Vannini A. , Lucero G. , Anselmi N. , Vettraino A. M. 
Published: April 2008

SummaryEndophytic behaviour of Biscogniauxia mediterranea, the causal agent of charcoal disease of oak, was studied over two growing seasons on Quercus cerris in a forest in central Italy. Isolation of the fungus from asymptomatic tissues varied with tissue type, period of sampling and year. Presence of the fungus in asymptomatic plants was significantly higher in fall, compared with that in spring and summer. However, a significant effect of tissue water content on the presence of B. mediterranea was recognized. The results suggest that proliferation of B. mediterranea is favoured during the endophytic phase by a decrease in host water potential.
Host Range of Australian Phoma ligulicola var. inoxydablis Isolates from Pyrethrum
Authors: Pethybridge S. J. , Hay F. S. , Clarkson R. A. , Groom T. , Wilson C. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRay blight, caused by Phoma ligulicola var. inoxydablis is one of the most damaging diseases of pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium [Trevir.] Sch. Bip.) in Australia. The pathogenicity of P. ligulicola var. inoxydablis to a range of ornamental and other plant species was tested to determine potential sources of inoculum into pyrethrum crops. Differences were identified in the host range of P. ligulicola var. inoxydablis isolates in this study in comparison with isolates reported from garden chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium L.), most likely to be P. ligulicola var. ligulicola. Australian P. ligulicola var. inoxydablis isolates were unable to infect and cause disease following repeated inoculation to zinnia (Zinnia elegans L.), sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), dahlia (Dahlia variabilis Desf.), and several cultivars of crisphead lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) was recorded as a susceptible host for this pathogen for the first time. Moreover, the susceptibility of annual chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum carinatum L.) to infection by P. ligulicola var. inoxydablis was confirmed. Implications for disease management in Tasmanian pyrethrum fields are discussed.
Effects of neonatal dexamethasone or methylprednisolone on rat growth and neurodevelopment
Authors: Kilic Ilknur , Dagdeviren Erol , Kaya Ertugrul 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackground: Clinical studies have demonstrated that premature infants receiving long‐term dexamethasone therapy have reduced linear growth, decreased weight gain, and smaller head circumferences. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of the same equivalent doses for anti‐inflammatory potency of neonatal dexamethasone and methylprednisolone on rat growth and neurodevelopment.Methods: The pups were randomly separated into three treatment groups on postnatal day (PD) 3. At postnatal 3–5 days, tapering doses of corticosteroids or sterile saline were administered subcutaneously. Group 1 was the dexamethasone group (n = 12; PD 3, 0.5 mg/kg; PD 4, 0.25 mg/kg; PD 5, 0.125 mg/kg; PD 6, 0.05 mg/kg s.c.); group 2, methylprednisolone group (n = 12; PD 3, 2.6 mg/kg; PD 4, 1.3 mg/kg; PD 5, 0.650 mg/kg; PD 6, 0.325 mg/kg; group 3, control group (n = 12; normal saline injected). Weight was recorded on PD 3–6, 8, 14, 22, length was recorded on PD 3, 7, 14, 21 for each group. Neurological responses and physical development were tested on PD 7, 14, 21.Results: On PD 4–6, 8, 14, 22 the weight in the dexamethasone and methylprednisolone groups was lower than in the control group, but the weight in the dexamethasone group was the lowest (P < 0.05). The length in the dexamethasone group was significantly shorter than in the methylprednisolone group on PD 14 and 21. Dexamethasone‐treated animals had a reduced total neurological score compared with the methylprednisolone and control groups on PD 7, 14, 21. Although methylprednisolone‐treated animals had lower total neurological score than that of the control group on PD 7 and PD 14 (P < 0.05), total neurological scores were not different in the methylprednisolone and control groups on PD 21.Conclusions: Postnatal methylprednisolone treatment might be safer than dexamethasone treatment in newborns.