bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of three algorithms for multi‐motor unit detection and waveform marking
Authors: Brownell Alexander A. , Ni Oliver , Bromberg Mark B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractQuantitative EMG (QEMG) techniques include automated motor unit action potential (MUAP) detection and marking of clinically useful waveform metrics. Different computer algorithms are available on modern EMG machines to perform these operations rapidly. However, the efficiency and accuracy of available algorithms are rarely directly compared. We have assessed three commercially available algorithms using both synthesized and biologic interference patterns and found differences among algorithms, some of which are clinically significant. Our results point out the importance of assessing for duplicate MUAPs (same waveform detected as two separate waveforms) and accuracy of markings used to determine MUAP metrics. Muscle Nerve, 2005
Particle motion in a spatially periodic flow
Authors: Domesi Stefano , Kuhlmann Hendrik C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe motion of small spherical particles in two‐dimensional Taylor–Green flow is investigated assuming one‐way coupling. The particle dynamics is modeled by a modified Maxey–Riley equation. Trajectories are computed numerically using a Cash–Karp Runge–Kutta scheme which provides an adaptive time‐step control. Depending on the Stokes number and the fluid‐to‐particle density ratio the particle trajectories can either be periodic or chaotic. To clarify the nature of this dynamical system further investigations are carried out by computing the Feigenbaum scenario. It is expected that the particle dynamics in this idealized flow will provide useful informations for an explanation of particle accumulation phenomena in more realistic periodic three‐dimensional viscous flows. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Qℒ,q‐Scales in a Hyperbolic Setting
Authors: Cerejeiras P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractQp ‐scales arise in complex analysis as an interpolation scale between BMO, Bloch and Dirichlet spaces. They were generalized to the n‐dimensional case by means of the conformal group of the unit ball and a modified fundamental solution of the Laplacian; however, this operator is no longer invariant under the action of group in consideration. In this talk we propose an approach to Q ℒ,q‐scales for homogeneous hyperbolic manifolds using a fundamental solution for the (α ‐homogeneous) hyperbolic Dirac operator based on a spherical Radon transform. We present also some properties of this scales. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ill‐posedness and multi‐parameter regularization in an identification problem for jump diffusion processes
Authors: Düvelmeyer Dana 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn many financial applications jump diffusion processes are used to describe price dynamics of assets. Therefore, methods to estimate the parameters of this stochastic process from some market data are required. Here we briefly discuss the unique and stable solvability of this specific inverse problem. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Macroscopic dynamics in microscopic nonlinear oscillator chains
Authors: Giannoulis Johannes , Mielke Alexander 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider an exactly periodic oscillator chain as a microscopic model for a one‐dimensional continuum. In the linearized model there exist space‐time harmonic solutions. Our aim is to investigate the macroscopic modulation of these microscopic patterns in the regime of small amplitudes. To this end, depending on the fixed wave number and frequency, we derive the associated macroscopic continuum model under suitable non‐resonance conditions. For non‐zero wave numbers the macroscopic model consists of a system of nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Moreover, we justify this formal derivation by showing that the approximation through the macroscopic model stays in the proximity of the solution of the oscillator chain over time intervals with a positive macroscopic length. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Clifford analysis and the Navier‐Stokes equations over unbounded domains
Authors: Kähler Uwe 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider parabolic Dirac operators which do not involve fractional derivatives and use them to show the solvability of the in‐stationary Navier‐Stokes equations over time‐varying domains. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An Energy Conserving Lagrangian Approximation for the Stationary Nonlinear Navier‐Stokes‐Equations
Authors: Varnhorn Werner 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIt is the aim of the present note to develop a new approximation method for the velocity of flow by coupling both the Lagrangian and the Eulerian approach. The method avoids fixpoint considerations and leads to a sequence of approximate systems, whose solution is unique and has a high degree of regularity, important at least for numerical purposes. Moreover, we show that our method allows the construction of weak solutions of the Navier‐Stokes equations. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Fiber Dynamics
Authors: Hietel Dietmar , Marheineke Nicole 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis work deals with the mathematical modeling and numerical simulation of fiber dynamics as it occurs in the practical application of melt‐spinning processes of nonwoven materials. The description of the fiber‐flow interactions is based on the usage of standard models and commercial packages for the air flow, specific asymptotic approaches for the fiber dynamics and the inclusion of momentum and heat exchange between fibers and fluid flow. Promising simulation results are shown for an industrial situation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Architectures of novel fluorinated block copolymers fuelled by a poor radical polymerizable characteristic of 1,3‐divinyltetramethyldisiloxane
Authors: Sawada Hideo , Suzuki Masaru , Mugisawa Masaki 
Published: January 2006

AbstractFluoroalkanoyl peroxide was reacted with 1,3‐divinyltetramethyldisiloxane under very mild conditions to afford the fluoroalkyl end‐capped vinylsilane oligomer containing vinyldimethylsiloxane segments. This fluoroalkyl end‐capped vinylsilane oligomer was applied to the preparation of novel fluorinated block copolymers by the copolymerizations with traditional radical polymerizable monomers. It was demonstrated that these fluorinated block copolymers thus obtained can form the dendritic‐type unimolecular micelles in aqueous solutions, and these fluorinated block copolymers were able to provide suitable host moieties to interact with fullerenes as guest molecules. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intercalation and exfoliation behaviour of clay layers in branched polyol and polyurethane/clay nanocomposites
Authors: Xia Hesheng , Song Mo 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe exfoliation of clay layers was realized in a tri‐hydroxyl branched polyether polyol by direct mixing and the corresponding exfoliated polyurethane/clay nanocomposite was prepared by further in situ curing. The effects of various surface‐modified organoclays and various polyol types on the intercalation and exfoliation behaviour of clay layers were investigated. The interaction between the polyol and clay and the mixing temperature plays an important role in the occurrence of exfoliation and intercalation. The relationship between rheological data of polyol/clay dispersion and the intercalation or exfoliation state of the clay was established. This provides a convenient and efficient way to evaluate the dispersion state of the clay. Based on the experimental results, a possible layer‐by‐layer exfoliation mechanism is proposed. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A grid‐connected home PV installation in Madrid: the user's perspective
Authors: Algora Carlos 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper describes the experience of a grid connected PV home installation in Madrid, Spain. Several aspects from the user's point of view are described. Among them is the required administrative procedure, including all the steps for obtaining a public subsidy, for legalizing the installation and finally, for drawing up the contract with the utility company for the sale of the electricity. The technical description of the installation is also presented in detail, including drawings and pictures.After more than two years of PV installation and contributing electricity to the grid, the data on electricity generation month after month as well as a comparison with the domestic electricity consumption of the whole house are presented. Finally, economic aspects considering all the costs and revenues are described as well as a forecast of the return of the investment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical and electrical properties of laser texturing for high‐efficiency solar cells
Authors: Abbott Malcolm , Cotter Jeffrey 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA process using laser‐ablated pits to texture the front surface of monocrystalline and multicrystalline silicon solar cells is described. Optical and electrical characterization demonstrates that the technique performs as well as upright random pyramid texturing and causes no laser‐induced defects or laser shunting. Double‐sided buried contact solar cells fabricated with laser texture performed as well as those fabricated with upright random pyramid textures on 1 Ω cm,ptype float‐zoned wafers. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of Pressure Support Ventilation Plus Volume Guarantee vs. High‐frequency Oscillatory Ventilation on Lung Inflammation in Preterm Infants
Authors: Dani Carlo , Bertini Giovanna , Pezzati Marco , Filippi Luca , Pratesi Simone , Caviglioli Cosimo , Rubaltelli Firmino F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to evaluate if high‐frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) might reduce lung inflammation in preterm infants with infant respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in comparison with the early application of another potentially lung‐protective ventilation strategy, such as pressure support ventilation plus volume guarantee (PSV + VG). Infants at less than 30 weeks of gestation with RDS were enrolled consecutively in the study if they required mechanical ventilation, and were randomly allocated to receive HFOV or PSV + VG. Bronchial aspirate samples for the measurement of interleukin (IL)‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐10 were obtained before surfactant treatment (T1), after 6–18 hr of ventilation (T2), after 24–48 hr of ventilation (T3), and before extubation (T4). Thirteen patients were enrolled in the HFOV group, and 12 in the PSV + VG group. The mean values of IL‐1β, IL‐8, and IL‐10 at T4 were lower in the HFOV group than in the PSV + VG group. The present study demonstrates that early treatment with HFOV is associated with a reduction of lung inflammation in comparison with PSV + VG in preterm infants with RDS. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Similarities of the band structure of In4Se3 and InSe under pressure and peculiarities of the creation of the band gap
Authors: Sznajder M. , Rushchanskii K. Z. , Kharkhalis L. Yu. , Bercha D. M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe existence of the physical elementary energy bands describing the Davydov splitting was demonstrated in the energy spectra of the layered orthorhombic In4Se3 crystal. It was confirmed that the physical elementary energy bands are related to the exactly determined Wyckoff position in the unit cell, where the maximum of the valence electron density is localized. By means of ab initio calculations, the dispersion laws with the low‐energy non‐parabolicity were obtained for electrons and holes of the In4Se3 crystal. The reasons for such a dispersion law to occur in In4Se3 are discussed as well as its similarity to the dispersion law for holes in the β ‐InSe crystal under pressure. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Weak universality, bicritical points and reentrant transitions in the critical behaviour of a mixed spin‐1/2 and spin‐3/2 Ising model on the Union Jack (centered square) lattice
Authors: Strečka Jozef 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe mixed spin‐1/2 and spin‐3/2 Ising model on the Union Jack lattice is solved by establishing a mapping correspondence with the eight‐vertex model. It is shown that the model under investigation becomes exactly soluble as a free‐fermion eight‐vertex model when the parameter of uniaxial single‐ion anisotropy tends to infinity. Under this restriction, the critical points are characterized by critical exponents from the standard Ising universality class. In a certain subspace of interaction parameters, which corresponds to a coexistence surface between two ordered phases, the model becomes exactly soluble as a symmetric zero‐field eight‐vertex model. This surface is bounded by a line of bicritical points having interaction‐dependent critical exponents that satisfy a weak universality hypothesis. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
2D model of H+ and H(1s) collision: Application to charge transfer
Authors: Deineka G. B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA two‐dimensional (2D) model for calculation of a time‐dependent process at a collision of the H+ and H in the ground state with various impact parameters is introduced. A numerical method uses the finite basis set of Hermitian B‐splines. The 1D analogy of space resonance effect of electron density polarization oscillations during propagation of a projectile is considered. The charge transfer dependence on the oscillation phase of polarization is presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
Electron ionization mass spectra of phosphorus‐containing heterocycles. I. 1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐2H‐3,1,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine 2‐oxides
Authors: Juhász Márta , Martiskainen Olli , Zalán Zita , Fülöp Ferenc , Pihlaja Kalevi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe electron ionization mass spectra of 27 cis‐ and trans‐annelated 1,4,4a,5,6,7,8,8a‐octahydro‐2H‐3,1,2‐benzoxazaphosphinine 2‐oxides were recorded to clarify the effects of the ring heteroatom (O or N), ring annelation, the P configuration and the substituents attached to the ring or to the N and P atoms. For compounds 1–12 different alkyl radical and alkene losses and the cleavage of the P–heteroatom bonds, instead of the P–C bonds, were representative and dependent mainly on the substitution on the N and P atoms. The replacement of Ph and OPh by N(CH2CH2Cl)2 on the P atom had a dramatic influence on the fragmentation process: new fragment ions were obtained and very little M+. (1–3%) was formed. Only slight differences were found between some of the corresponding isomers, but interestingly the compounds formed clear groups on the basis of the differences in their fragmentation, depending on the ring‐N and ring‐P substituents. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Detection of benzopyrene‐deoxyguanosine adducts by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Qiao Zhuanhong , Udeochu Uche , Jimerson Toiya , Fletcher Melissa , Bakare Oladapo , Hosten Charles M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA method for the detection of BPDE‐d guanosine adducts using matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOFMS) is described and illustrated. The results indicate that MALDI is capable of detecting two other DNA benzopyrene adducts, which are trace products formed during the synthesis of BPDE‐d guanosine. This MALDI‐TOFMS method offers the potential for the detection of DNA adducts in human tissue using very limited sample purification and preparation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a virtual needle biopsy simulation system for the virtual prostate
Authors: Deguchi Daisuke , Mori Kensaku , Mekada Yoshito , Hasegawa Jun‐ichi , Toriwaki Jun‐ichiro , Noguchi Masanori 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis paper discusses the virtual prostate needle biopsy system and the construction of the virtual prostate model, considering the actual distribution of prostate abnormalities. A needle biopsy simulation is performed for the constructed virtual prostate, and the actual biopsy procedure in the clinical situation is evaluated. The prostate needle biopsy is a histologic diagnosis procedure in which a sample is acquired from the prostate tissue by needle biopsy and is inspected under a microscope. In order to achieve reliable prostate needle biopsy, it is necessary to consider systematically and numerically the number of needles required, and their locations and insertion angles. For such a purpose, a system is developed in which a virtual prostate is constructed on a computer and the biopsy procedure is evaluated quantitatively by performing virtually the prostate needle biopsy. Furthermore, two different models are constructed, for the prostate with and without hypertrophy, based on the actual statistical distribution data for prostate abnormalities. Each model is partitioned into the peripheral zone and the transition zone. The constructed virtual prostate is input into the virtual needle biopsy simulation system, and three different systematic biopsy procedures actually used at clinical sites, and four different needle biopsy procedures, are experimentally evaluated. The experiments show that the insertion angle that maximizes the hit probability is not always the same as the insertion angle that maximizes cancer sample acquisition. It is evident that the proposed method can indicate a biopsy procedure which realizes a high hit probability with a small number of needles. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 93–104, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20181
Evaluation of disk‐retry methods for continuous media data
Authors: Toda Seiji , Ishida Manabu , Yokota Haruo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractConventionally, hard disks had been used mainly to store programs or data to be used for calculations. However, as the disk capacities and transfer speeds increased, hard disks began to be used in a wider variety of ways including the storage and playing of continuous media data such as movies or music. When an error occurs while reading a hard disk, a retry is executed. However, this causes an extremely long delay. Although for computational data, the delay should be ignored and the maximum number of retries should be executed to guarantee reliability, when playing continuous media, an increase in continuity may be demanded even if the data reliability decreases. Therefore, in this paper, the authors consider methods of dynamically controlling the number of retries to increase the data reliability as much as possible while maintaining continuity. First, they investigate single disk‐retry techniques. Then, they assume a disk array configuration and propose a technique that combines dynamic retry count control and RAID5 parity calculations. Also, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed technique, they propose several evaluation indices and perform simulations to evaluate the single disk‐retry techniques and retry techniques that include switching between retries and parity calculations for a disk array. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 37(1): 47–60, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.20333
Getting more from digital SNP data
Authors: Karoui Noureddine El , Zhou Wei , Whittemore Alice S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe digital SNP method has been proposed for identifying loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in tumour tissue and correlating it with patients' clinical characteristics. The method evaluates a tumour's allelic count at a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) for which the patient's normal tissue is heterozygous. The count is used to classify the tumour as positive or negative for LOH, using the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). However, the SPRT was not developed for analysing digital SNP experiments. When applied to digital SNP data, the SPRT has several anomalies that can result in both loss of data and tumour misclassification. The anomalies are caused by discrepancies between the design of digital SNP experiments and the setting for which SPRT was developed. We propose an alternative classification scheme based on the false discovery rate, and show that it outperforms the SPRT when applied to Digital SNP data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving the quality of patient care using reliability measures: a classification tree approach
Authors: Graham P. L. , Kuhnert P. M. , Cook D. A. , Mengersen K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThis paper considers the application and interpretation of new reliability measures for a classification tree‐based medical risk assessment tool. Following the construction of a classification tree reliability measures may then be used to provide an estimate of the precision of the classification and the probability in each terminal node of the classification tree. Identification of unreliable nodes (those that have low precision) in this application may indicate patient groups requiring closer monitoring or scenarios in which further information about the patient is required, thereby providing medical practitioners with an avenue for more informed decision making. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of estradiol on mammary tumor collagen solubility in DMBA‐induced rat mammary tumors
Authors: Rajkumar L. , Balasubramanian K. , Arunakaran J. , Govindarajulu P. , Srinivasan N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractEstradiol plays a vital role in the growth and development of mammary glands. It is a potent stimulator of metabolic processes in normal and carcinoma breast. A critical factor in determining mammary glandular morphology is the stroma. Collagen is a predominant component of the extracellular matrix and cell—collagen interactions are essential carcinogenesis. The present investigation explored the influence of estradiol on collagen solubility and metabolism in mammary tumors during tumor progression and regression. A single injection of 20 mg of 9,10‐dimethyl‐1,2‐benzanthracene was given to rats at 7 weeks of age. With the appearance of the first palpable mammary tumor, the rats were treated with 0.5 μg estradiol or 50 μg tamoxifen daily for 30 days. The rats were sacrificed 24 h after 30 days of treatment. Estradiol appears to stimulate the synthesis of new collagens and thus contributes to the enlargement of the mammary tumors. This might have created a potential microenvironment by increasing the synthesis of suitable matrix that sustains the growth of the mammary tumors. In short, the present findings emphasize a definite mediatory role for collagen in estradiol promoted mammary tumor growth.