bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamics of the Biosynthesis of Niacin During Development to Maturity of Soybean Seed
Authors: Vedrina‐Dragojević Irena 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDynamics of the biosynthesis of niacin was followed in developing seed of four soybean genotypes under the defined climatic conditions in the course of three years. Tests were carried out at weekly intervals from the moment the seed was suitable for analysis up to its full maturity with the moisture content of about 14 %. Observation of the content of niacin determined more intensive synthesis of this vitamin in the third and fourth development stages, at the time of the highest cumulation of dry matter and metabolic activity. Maximal concentrations of niacin were noticed in the year in which along moderate temperatures considerably ampler precipitation was recorded. A comparison of the fluctuation of proteins and fatty acids with the fluctuation of niacin content confirm its role in the biosynthesis of these most important components of soybean seed.
Effect of Solar Radiation Deficit on Rice Productivity
Authors: Vijayalakshmi C. , Radhakrishnan R. , Nagarajan M. , Rajendran C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA field study was undertaken to understand the effect of low light in Rice involving the cultures and four cultivars. Light stress was found to decrease total biomass, yield and yield components. The reduction in the ultimate grain yield was found to be affected due to the increased number of ill‐filled spikelets. Low light tolerant varieties viz., IET 10436, IET 11058, Ponni and Bhavani were found to withstand the light stress and recorded nominal yield by maintaining minimal reduction in all the desired parameters.
Tomato Production and Soil Salt Distribution under Line‐Source Trickle Irrigation1
Authors: Abu‐Awwad A. M. , Hill R. W. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractYield of red cherry tomatoes and soil salt distribution as affected by different amounts and salinities of irrigation water was studied in a field plot experiment during the summer of 1988 at Utah State University. Four different amounts of fresh water and two amounts of saline water were imposed with line source trickle irrigation on a sandy loam soil in lysimeters.Tomato yield and seasonal evapotranspiration increased in a linear fashion with increasing irrigation water. Tomato yields with fresh water (EC = 0.33 dS/m) were significantly higher than with saline (EC = 4.0 dS/m) water. There were no significant differences in seasonal evapotranspiration between the two salinity levels with two levels of deficit irrigation. Soil water depletion and availability decreased as the soil water salinity increased. Soil water salinities increased with both vertical and horizontal distance from trickle lines and reached a maximum at the bottom of the wetted area and between trickle lines.
Characterization and Quantification of Water Stress in Wheat by Soil‐Induced Plant Components
Authors: Kumar A. , Tripathi R. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMeasurements of transpiration rate (TR), leaf diffusive resistance (LDR), leaf water potential (LWP), and canopy minus air temperature (Tc‐Ta) were made over four differentially irrigated plots of wheat grown at Pantnagar. The data were analysed to workout functional relationships between these plant parameters. Correlation studies yielded low values of correlation coefficients ‘r’. The plotting of the data also showed wide scattering around the lines. For removing the variability of shoot environment the whole data were normalized by subtracting the values of well irrigated (unstressed) plants from the values of the stressed plants. The plotting of normalized data showed close linear relationships. The regression analysis of normalized data provides highly significant correlationships of TR Vs LDR, TR Vs LWP, TR Vs Tc, TR Vs Tc‐Ta and Tc‐Ta Vs LDR. It indicates that normalization of plant parameters for environmental variability is required in order to better quantify crop responses to soil water deficit.
On Harvest Indices of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Hühn M. , Grosse F. , Léon J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTen quite different European winter rapeseed cultivars were grown in a 3‐year field trial at one location. The traits grain yield and biomass were measured based on single plant measurements (first year) or on plot basis (second and third year). Individual harvest indices were calculated.Besides a general discussion of the experimental results for this collection of winter rapeseed cultivars the main aim of the present investigations was an examination whether these experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical conclusions on harvest indices which have been published in this journal in three preceding publications.Hence the investigations of this paper are divided into the three chapters: 1) Calculation of mean harvest indices, 2) Variability of harvest indices and 3) Correlations among harvest index, grain yield and biomass. In all three chapters the agreement between the empirically obtained and the theoretically expected values is quite good.
Bestimmung der Nettorhizodeposition von Winterweizen mit Hilfe eines respirometrischen Verfahrens
Authors: Knof G. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Determination of net rhizodeposition of winter wheat by means of a respirometrical technique Net rhizodeposition (root carbon, which is deposited into soil at a chosen harvesting term) may be estimated respirometrically by a laboratory experiment with a root contained soil probe, if microbial decomposition of it is compared to microbial decomposition of a standard root probe of the same origin. Net rhizodeposition therefore is given by
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This technique was applied to three treatments of a N fertilizer trial with winter wheat. Calculated net rhizodeposition was compared to above ground crop. On an average it amounted to 20 per cent of shoot carbon. Mass and nitrogen content of it increased with increasing quantity of N fertilizer.
Intercropping Studies in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Authors: Sankaran V. M. , Kuppuswamy G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWith a view to study the effect of intercropping and plant geometries in peanut cv. VRI‐1, a held experiment was conducted at Area Agronomic Centre, Tamil Nadu Co‐operative Oilseeds Growers' Federation Limited, Neyveli, India during winter season 1989, (November 89–April 90) under irrigated condition. Three intercrops viz., pigeonpea, sunflower and finger millet were tested at two plant geometries viz., paired rows of 40/20 cm and 45/15 cm. The study indicated that pigeonpea was compatible with peanut and their combination resulted in higher peanut kernel equivalent yield and higher profit. Sunflower and finger millet depressed the base crop yield and found to be unsuitable for intercropping in peanut. Base crop yield was not influenced by the plant geometries.
Crops and Pasture Rotations at Coonalpyn, South Australia: Effects on Nutrients in Wheat and Barley
Authors: King P. M. , McCloud P. I. , Jacka J. , Graham R. D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA crop rotation experiment was conducted at Coonalpyn, South Australia from 1976–1979 on a deep red duplex soil. The experiment studied the effects of grain legumes, pasture or cereal in the previous season on the yield and nutrient content of wheat and barley. Yields, disease assessments, soil nitrogen and water conditions were reported previously. Cereals following grain legumes generally absorbed more of all the nutrients studied, N, P, K, S, Cu, Zn, Mn, than did cereals after pasture; cereal following cereal was generally intermediate. Effects on barley were similar to those on wheat except that wheat took up much more Cu and Mn. Uptake of all nutrients was increased by rainfall, which was greatest in 1979 and least in 1977, but concentrations were often decreased by rainfall. The effects on nutrient concentrations were variable and smaller than on uptake, except for N, Cu and Mn which were much enhanced by grain legumes as the previous crop. Concentrations of trace elements were generally low, being lowest for Cu in 1977, for Zn in 1978 and for Mn in 1979, particularly in barley. Uptake was lowest in 1977, the driest year, especially for Cu. An attempt was made to relate the seasonal effects on levels of trace elements to the pattern of disease incidence.
Attempts at Avoiding the Yield Constraints of Bread Wheat (T. aestivum) in Mediterranean Environments
Authors: Borghi B. , Guiducci M. , Corbellini M. , Monotti M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn bread wheat, in spite of the upward trend of grain yield, the Italian average production remains far below that of Central or Northern Europe. Recognized constraints are water availability to plants and the increase of air temperature during the grain filling period. To quantify these aspects, three varieties remarkably different in several morphophysiological traits were grown for three years under different water regimes in two locations of North and Central Italy.The grain yield potential of the two locations was similar although if in the Southern location the plants were taller, with a denser canopy and a greater number of smaller seeds. Irrigation after flowering increased yield and yield stability; however, at high air temperatures, dry matter accumulation ceased even though water in the soil was abundantly available. These results suggest the possibility of applying irrigation during grain filling, but a more realistic approach seems to be selection of new varieties characterized by moderate carliness and capacity to sustain kernel growth for a longer period even in the presence of high air temperatures.
Evaluation of Efficient Weed Management Systems in Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan L.)
Authors: Madhiyazhagan R. , Rangaiah P. K. , Subramanian K. S. , Nandhagopal A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField experiments were conducted at Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the efficacy of different methods of weed management systems namely manual, chemical and biological in Pigeonpea during kharif and rabi 1983–84. The treatments consisted of three chemicals (fluchloralin, pendimethalin and oxadiozon alone and supplemented with one hand hoeing, manual (two hoeings at 20 & 40 DAS and two intercropping systems (Pigeonpea + sorghum and pigeonpea + moong and intercropping combined with one initial hoeing) along with unweeded check, accounting twelve treatments replicated four times in randomized block design. The results revealed that application of pendimethalin 0.50 kg ai ha−1 supplemented with hand hoeing 40 DAS is found to be effective in controlling the weeds in sole pigeonpea under irrigated conditions.
The Influence of Soil Volume on Root and Shoot Parameters in Container‐grown Oilseed Rape
Authors: Kjellström C. , Kirchmann H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractOilseed rape was grown under irrigated conditions at equal plant density per unit area in PVC cylinders of 1 m length with different diameter (0.11, 0.16 and 0.20m). The influence of soil volume, expressed as cylinder diameter, was found not to be significant on root dry weight, root length, root surface area or the shoot: root ratio. However, a significant influence was found on shoot and seed dry weights. It was concluded that cylinders with a length of 1 m and a diameter of a minimum of 0.11 m are appropriate for the study of container‐grown root systems.
Dynamics of the Cumulation of Macroelements – Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium and Magnesium During Development to Maturity of Soybean Seed
Authors: Slipčević V. , Vedrina‐Dragojević I. , Balint L. , Momirović‐čuljat J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDynamics of the cumulation of phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium in developing seed of four soybean genotypes under the defined climatic conditions in the course of three years was observed. Samples were being taken at weekly intervals from the point at which the grain reached a size suitable to be analyzed up to the full maturity of the seed. By analyzing the results it was found out that the intense cumulation of the minerals tested took place during the stages III and IV of the seed development, that is, in the course of intense cumulation of dry matter and the most expressive metabolic activity in the seed. Investigation of the impact of climatic conditions provides evidence that cumulation of the tested macroelements has been favourably influenced by increased precipitation along with moderate air temperatures within the seed developing period. The highest content of the minerals found with the cultivar Maksimirka independently of the year investigated reveals that mineral cumulation in soybean seed is affected by the cultivar and genetic particularity.
Compensatory Growth Responses During Reproductive Phase of Cowpea after Relief of Water Stress
Authors: Bala Subramanian V. , Maheswari M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUnpredictable drought affects growth and yield of dryland cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) during rainy season. With the objective of identifying compensatory growth responses after relief of water stress, pot‐grown plants (cv. C‐752) were water‐stressed at flowering, and physiological responses, short term dry matter partitioning upon relief of water stress, and productivity at maturity were studied. Water stress decreased, to varying degrees, leaf water potential, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis rate and transpiration rate. Recovery in assimilation lagged behind that in water relations. Assimilate supply seemed to be limiting early pod growth upon relief of water stress due to low photosynthesis rate, reduced leaf area per pod, and increased partitioning to leaf expansion. However, later pod growth was not limited by assimilate supply and final dry matter per pod was similar in both non‐stressed and stress‐affected plant. Cowpea exhibited the following growth responses during pod‐fill stage upon relief of water stress: 1. increase in leaf area, 2. shift in dry matter partitioning in favour of leaf expansion, 3. extended green leaf duration, and 4. increase in pod number. These partially compensating physiological responses probably ensure reasonable productivity of dryland cowpea during rainy season.
The Effect of Lead and Zinc on Plant Growth and Chlorophyll Content of Holcus lanatus L.
Authors: Symeonidis L. , Karataglis S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRoot length of Holcus lanatus L. declined rapidly with increasing lead and zinc concentrations in nutrient solution. In all used Pb and Zn concentrations root growth of genotypes coming from a Pb‐Zn mine area, was greater than that of the control, suggesting that these genotypes evolved tolerance to Pb and Zn.Negative correlation was also observed between chlorophyll content and increased heavy metal concentrations. The greater chlorophyll content found in tolerant genotypes, in different Pb and Zn concentrations, in comparison with the control, could be served to distinguish tolerant and non‐tolerant genotypes.
Large Headsetts and Improved Cultivar Enhance Growth and Development of Taro (Colocasia esculents [L.] Schott) During Establishment
Authors: Jacobs B. C. , Chand V. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSmall, medium and large headsetts of a traditional (Nine) and an improved (Alafua Sunrise) cultivar of taro were grown for 33 days in pots in a screenhouse.Differences between the cultivars were greatest in root growth where density of root primordia, number of primary roots and root surface area at the final harvest were 53, 82, and 60 % greater respectively in the improved over the traditional variety. Relative rate of leaf elongation and leaf appearance rate were about 30 % faster in the improved variety. Correlation between leaf area and root surface area was cultivar dependent.Large headsetts produced more primary roots and a larger root surface area than small headsetts. They also produced 46 % more leaf area than small headsetts because of larger individual leaves, but not the rate of leaf appearance.Dry matter and nitrogen content declined in petioles, remained relatively constant in corm and accumulated in new shoot and root during establishment. Losses of N were similar but accumulation was greater in new growth of Alafua Sunrise than Niue.We conclude that differences in productivity between the improved and traditional cultivars used in this experiment are at least partly attributable to differences in rate of development of new shoot and root during establishment. Previously reported correlations between corm yield and size of planting material are probably due to large headsetts producing a greater area of leaf and root than small headsetts during early growth.
Physiological Analysis of Yield Variation in Mungbean (Vigna radiata [Roxb.] Wilczek)
Authors: Patel D. B. , Purohit K. R. , Shah R. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo mungbean varieties, Guj‐1 and PIMS‐1 differing in their productivity potential, were examined to investigate their photosynthetic system at various stages of growth in relation to yield with two different dates of sowing. Vertical leaves were found to be beneficial. On the other hand, excessive leaf area during the later stages of growth may be detrimental to yield. Lower LAD at seedling stage and overall high NAR values may be reflected in higher grain yield. NAR declined as season progressed and this, in turn, may be related with increase in LAI. The grain yield was considerably more at the first date of sowing as compared to second date of sowing, the effect was being more pronounced in var. PIMS‐1. Various environmental factors recorded at two different dates of sowing and at various stages of growth indicated that these factors may have influenced the yield potential at two different dates of sowing.
Influence of Warm Intervals on the Effects of Vernalization and the Composition of Phospholipid Fatty Acids in Seedlings of Winter Wheat
Authors: Dubert F. , Filek M. , Marcinska I. , Skoczowski A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractExcised embryos of winter wheat were submitted to a different number of vernalization (2 °C) and devernalization (20 °C) cycles of different lengths. In all treatments sum of cold and warm intervals was 50 and 10 days, respectively. The influence of different temperature conditions of seedling growth on the effectiveness of vernalization and correlations between effectiveness of vernalization and final content of phospholipid fatty acids were analyzed.All indexes of generative development of plants (length of vegetative phase, % of generative plants, number of side shoots) showed the most effective was uninterrupted vernalization beginning immediately after excision of embryos. Increasing the number of 2 ° C/20 °C cycles rapidly depressed effectiveness of vernalization, which reached the minimum with the 8.3 days at 2 °C and 2 days at 20 °C cycle and then improved again as cycles became shorter and more numerous.Correlations between indexes of generative plant growth and indexes describing composition of fatty acids in seedlings showed that from 50 % to 60 % of variability in the composition of phospholipid can be associated with changes in the degree of generative induction. A higher degree of generative induction was associated with a higher share of < 16, 16: 0 and 18:2 acids and a lower share of 18: 3 acid and also with a lower value of the 16: 0/< 16 ratio of phospholipids.The relation between the generative induction of plants and the composition of phospholipid fatty acids may however be blurred when induction proceeds under conditions of alternate short spells of vernalization and devernalization temperatures.
Das Penetrationsvermögen von Wurzeln unterschiedlicher Roggen‐ und Triticalegenotypen in Abhangigkeit von der Bodenlagerungsdichte
Authors: Dannowski M. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract The penetration capability of different rye and triticale varieties in dependence on the soil bulk density By means of a laboratory test the primary roots of 9 rye and 4 triticale varieties were tested for their capability of penetrating overcompactions. The roots served as “natural probes” and as a mark of genotypic differences.The test was carried out in the stages 1.50, 1.65 and 1.80 g/cm3 of soil bulk density. The soil substrate (faint loamy sand) consisted of 5.4 % of clay, 13.8 % of silt, 80.8 % of sand and 0.6 % of total Ct.The tested corn roots respond to compacted soil structures with considerable differences in the rootability. These level differences are not only specific marks for species but also for varieties within the species.Though most of the tested corn varieties respond with restricted root growth in compacted soil, the results cause the expectation that single varieties have a good adaptability to overcompacted soil and can tolerate it better than other ones.At the specific bulk density limit of faint loamy sand (1.50 g/cm3) all tested varieties have an intensive root growth. The rootability of triticale varieties is clearly reduced at the bulk density of 1.65 g/cm3; the roots of rye varieties, however, grow without essential restrictions in this range.Against all expectations the root growth of single rye varieties is similarly intensive as in loose soil at the bulk density of 1.80 g/cm3. Other rye varieties respond very sensitively and with considerable restrictions in root growth in this range.Since a characteristic increase of roots' diameter is to be observed with increasing bulk density, no differences in the root dry matter, caused by bulk density, can be found out.The applied experimental method permits a first selection of plant varieties, which could be interesting in future in view of the mark “Penetration performanc” of primary roots.
Cell Membrane Stability in Relation to Drought Tolerance in Wheat Genotypes
Authors: Singh M. , Srivastava J. P. , Kumar A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGenotyptc differences in wheat were observed in cell membrane with respect to injury caused by osmotic shock created with 40 per cent polyethylene glycol‐6000. In general, genotypes with high cell membrane injury also registered much reduction in leaf water potential and osmotic potential. Cell membrane injury measured at 25 days after germination was found to be related with genotypic performance under drought conditions in field. Cell membrane stability measurements of normal plants, even at a very early stage of growth, is reported as criteria for selecting drought tolerant wheat genotypes.
Functional Crop and Cob Growth Models of Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars
Authors: Ramachandra Prasad T. V. , Krishnamurthy K. , Kailasam C. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVarious mathematical models were fitted to describe total dry matter production (DMP) and cob weight in two maize cultivars viz., Deccan hybrid and Deccan 101. The data on periodical crop growth from an agronomic trial conducted at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, were used to predict crop and cob growth empirically. In cv. Deccan hybrid, Gompertz followed by Richards models predicted DMP by 99 % nearer to the actual values. Whereas in cv. Deccan 101, Richards‐cum‐logistic for vegetative‐cum‐reproductive stage simulated DMP with R2 of 92 to 99 %. Further, cob growth was estimated realistically with high R2 of 97 to 98 % using empirical models of logistic followed by Richards in cv. Deccan 101 and Richards followed by Gompertz in cv. Deccan hybrid. Comparing the empirical models in describing DMP and cob growth, the models showing higher predictions in DMP also estimated cob growth meaningfully in both the cultivars, indicating similarity in growth functions.