bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Historical and biographical essay. Memories of life of Dovlet Pozadovich Achegu, a surgeon of a superior expert category (1919–1963)
Authors: Chamokova S. T. , Chamokov E. V. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the research is due to the growing interest of researchers and readers in the experience of the Soviet period of history, through life paths, biographies, and the results of the activities of ordinary people. The problem of the research is to analyze sociocultural processes through sources of personal origin (documents, photos, memories, etc.). The purpose of the research is using the biography of Achegu D.P. to understand social, cultural, professional and psychological aspects of the Soviet period. The historical and biographical method became the basis of the research methodology for examining the life and work of a superior expert category Dovlet Pozadovich Achegu (1919-1963), the first head of the surgical department of the Adyghe Regional Hospital. The methods of scientific analysis and generalization were also used. The research results. The description and analysis of the life story of Dovlet Pozadovich allows us to generalize and understand social, cultural and psychological phenomena of a certain historical period. The fate of Achegu included the main milestones of the Soviet period. He experienced all the joys and hardships of difficult military-political and ideological processes. All significant historical events of those years run like a red thread through his life. Undoubtedly, Dovlet was not unique; he was formed as a highly qualified specialist and an interesting person under the influence of the system of Soviet culture, education, norms of behavior and attitude towards the profession. Key findings. The younger generation of doctors and medical students need to know such stories and biographies as an example of service to the profession and duty of a doctor. The life and work of Achegu D.P. can serve as an example for the formation of personal meanings and value guidelines for modern youth. Such “microhistories” related to the humanistic direction of the study of history, analyze the cultural, professional, and family values of people. They describe small elements that are important for knowledge and understanding of a certain era, which help answer big questions and build the continuity of generations.
The consequences of the use of all kinds of professional activities in the formation of basic educational program for Bachelors in technical areas
Authors: Loginova E. S. , Lokhtina L. N. , Fedyanin A. L. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the research. Two main factors influence the formation of the education process for technical specialties. On one hand, it is the state development strategy and needs of industrial areas. On the other hand, these are the required recommendations of the Ministry of Education for the formation of the educational process of technical specialties. Thus, the Federal educational standard and Professional standard are the two main documents that form the learning process. The problem statement. Incorrect interpretation of these documents can cause an incorrect formation of the main educational program and, as a result, the impossibility of obtaining highly qualified specialists. The purpose of the research is to prove the main errors that can occur when forming the educational process for technical specialties. To solve the problem, the article considers such research methods as literature analysis of, synthesis, generalization. The article examines the transformation of educational standards over the past three decades. The analysis of Federal educational standards and the main educational programs of Bachelors in the direction of training in power supply is carried out. The conclusions. As a result of comparative analysis, possible problems that heads of main educational programs for technical specialties may encounter and their consequences for the educational process have been identified. An approach to the formation of basic educational programs and curriculum has been offered.
Life safety culture: the concept and the problem of its formation in educational organizations
Authors: Panina E. A. 
Published: April 2024

Life safety culture is considered to be one of the most important components of basic general education in modern conditions. Its main vector is focused on adequately solving the priority tasks of ensuring personal and national security. In this regard, the scientific problem considered in this article seems to be relevant and in demand in modern educational practice, because the effectiveness of ensuring the safety of the entire world community depends on the level of development of the life safety culture of each person. The problem of the research is to identify the content of the category “life safety culture” and the theoretical basis for justifying the process of its formation among students in educational institutions. The purpose of the research is to reveal the category “life safety culture” in various fields of knowledge and to substantiate the main theoretical determinants of its formation in educational institutions. The following methods were used in the study: analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, methods of visual presentation of information. The results of the research contribute to the study of scientific and theoretical aspects of organizing the pedagogical process of forming a life safety culture in educational institutions, as well as scientific and theoretical approaches to substantiate the definition of «life safety culture». Key conclusions. Three approaches to the content of the category “life safety culture” have been identified - social-philosophical, psychological and pedagogical ones; the prerequisites for constructing pedagogical influences on the formation of a culture of life safety in educational institutions have been indicated: principles (general and specific), and the directions ofthis activity have also been detected.
A performance-based contract of employment as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers
Authors: Svechkarev V. G. , Ivashchenko T. A. , Belous L. K. , Galunko T. E. 
Published: April 2024

The modern education system is subject to changes, accompanied by the introduction of a number of innovations, because it must adapt to the requirements of a dynamically developing society. Among such innovations is the introduction of an effective contract in the state universities as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers. The need for criteria-based assessment of the effectiveness of a higher school teacher, depending on the individual results of his work, has actualized the importance of studying the problem of an effective contract model in higher education and identified the research problem: what is the essence of an effective contract as an innovative mechanism for stimulating the work of scientific and pedagogical workers? The purpose of the research is to reveal the essence of an effective contract as an innovative aspect of stimulating the professional activity of a university teacher and its main components. The following research methods were used: analysis, synthesis, description, interpretation, comparison. Systematic and logical approaches were used. The results of the research: 1) the concept of «performance-based contract of employment» in the legal and scientific-pedagogical field has been described; 2) a brief overview of the concept of an performance-based contract of employment abroad and in Russia has been carried out; 3) the principles for developing criteria for professional achievements of teaching staff have been substantiated. Key conclusions: 1) performance-based contract of employment is a balanced decomposition of criteria and performance indicators of the professional activity of a higher school teacher; 2) foreign and domestic concepts of a performance-based contract of employment are largely similar and include a set of interrelated components that reveal all aspects of a teacher’s professional activity: teaching, methodological, scientific,educational and sports; 3) the main principles of criteria-based assessment of scientific and pedagogical workers are: complexity, objectivity, quantitative assessment, adaptability, stimulation and motivation.
The content of the «social literacy» concept in pedagogical theory and practice
Authors: Sirotkin O. E. 
Published: April 2024

Scientific research in recent years has documented a violation of the mechanism for the inclusion of young citizens in adulthood and the dominance of consumer attitudes among modern youth. It is quite obvious that one of the indicators of civil society is the desire of people to be its full members, responsible and capable of socially useful activities. The ongoing change in the geopolitical situation in the world has particularly acutely actualized the problem of children and adolescents developing social literacy as a special criterion for the development of society. The need to solve this issue determined the research problem, which lies in the insufficient knowledge of the content of social literacy of children and adolescents in modern pedagogical discourse and the demand for a theoretical justification of this term from the standpoint of the modern sociocultural situation. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to reveal the concept of “social literacy” in pedagogical theory and practice. The research methods used in the work are the following: analysis of teaching experience and theoretical approaches to the problem under study, synthesis, differentiation, methods of visual presentation of the data obtained. The results of the research. The content of social literacy in pedagogical scientific and scientific-methodological research has been revealed; components of social literacy have been proposed. Key conclusions: social literacy is understood as an individual’s readiness to socialize safely in the environment; possession of an interdependent set of knowledge, skills and abilities, as well as the necessary personal qualities that ensure the formation of this readiness; social literacy includes a set of interrelated components: personal, activity and reflexive, identified on the basis of systematization of axiological, environmental, competence and multi-subjective approaches.
Modern methods of learning geographical nomenclature using toponymy in the course of «Geography of Russia. Nature and population» at school
Authors: Tuova T. G. , Teuchezh F. D. , Tuguz F. V. 
Published: April 2024

The relevance of the research. Formed interest in learning is the basis for enhancing the cognitive activity of schoolchildren; creation of a positive motivation for learning, which will lead to positive motives for learning, that subsequently turn into a stable interest in learning, and interest into the need for learning. Such interest in mastering geographical nomenclature can be formed by improving teaching methods using toponymy. The problem statement. School practice shows that the study of geographical objects and nomenclature proceeds in a reproductive way, mainly based on memorization, which negatively affects the quality of knowledge. In this regard, the problem arises of finding possible methods for assimilating geographical nomenclature that will intensify the process of their assimilation. The purpose of the research is to substantiate experimentally modern methods for mastering geographical nomenclature using toponymy in the course of «Geography of Russia. Nature and population» at school. The results of the research allowed us to draw the following key conclusions: 1. Modern methods of mastering geographical nomenclature include: toponymic methods (identifying the semantics and etymology of geographical names); teaching methods (partially exploratory, problem-based and research). 3. Analysis of the results of questioning and testing of students of the Maikop Gymnasium No. 22 in 2023/2024 academic year have shown positive results of the pedagogical experiment and proved the validity of the proposed methods for mastering geographical nomenclature using toponymy.
KAJIAN FILOSOFIS TERHADAP TRADISI A’JANGANG-JANGANG MASYARAKAT KABUPATEN GOWA PRESPEKTIF ASRAR AL-AHKAM
Authors: Salam Nursalam , Halim Talli Abdul , Musyahid Idrus Ahmad , Rahmatullah Nursalam 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini berjudul kajian filosofis terhadap tradisi A’jangang-jangang masyarakat kabupaten gowa prespektif Asrar al-Ahkam, penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengetahui makna, hikmah dan nilai dari tradisi a’jangang-jangang tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi penelitian kepustakaan, juga dikenal sebagai penelitian literatur. Penelitian ini disebut sebagai "penelitian kepustakaan" karena bahan-bahan atau data yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikan penelitian diperoleh dari perpustakaan; sumber-sumber ini termasuk tetapi tidak terbatas pada buku, ensklopedi, kamus, jurnal, dokumen, majalah, dan jenis sumber lainnya. A’jangang-jangang adalah merupakan tahap awal dalam persiapan pernikahan adat Makassar yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui status perempuan yang hendak dilamar, sekaligus apakah sesuai dengan bibit, bebet dan bobot sesuai dengan yang diinginka oleh pihak laki-laki Hasil penelitian adalah menemukan nilai filosofis minimal ada 3, yaitu bersilaturrahim sambil memeriksa keadaan keluarga perempuan, dan mencari informasi dengan bertanya kepada tetangganya apakah perempuan itu telah dipinang oleh sesorang atau belum, mengenal dan melihat terlebih dahulu siapa wanita yang hendak dinikahinya, Mengetahui kebiasaan keseharian dan akhlak dari wanita yang hendak dinikahi, agama (taat beribadah) cantik rupanya, garis keturunannya dan hartanya, Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemerintah setempat harus lebih memperhatikan fenomena sosial di masyarakatnya, terutama yang berhubungan dengan budaya atau tradisi perkawinan. Apalagi jika makna tradisi tersebut telah mengalami pergeseran. Tokoh adat dan tokoh masyarakat harus mendorong masyarakat untuk mempertahankan tradisi baik selama tidak bertentangan dengan syariat Islam.
Analisis Pengaruh Kenaikan Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak (Ptkp) Terhadap Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan Dan Daya Beli Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Wpop)
Authors: Triyandari Nugroho Novemy , Desy Anugrahen Bernadheta 
Published: April 2024

Abstrak
Penghasilan Tidak Kena Pajak merupakan salah satu komponen pengurang dalam PPh atau lebih tepatnya PPh Orang Pribadi 21, dimana pengurangan penghasilan dapat dikenakan tarif pajak. Bahwa semakin besar batas penghasilan tidak kena pajak yang diterapkan, semakin kecil pajak terutang yang akan disetorkan karena sifat penghasilan tidak kena pajak adalah berkurang. Namun, di sisi lain, peningkatan pendapatan tidak kena pajak menyebabkan daya beli masyarakat meningkat karena pendapatan yang digunakan untuk membayar pajak dialihkan untuk kebutuhan konsumsi lainnya. Jadi meskipun penerimaan pajak penghasilan akan menurun, penerimaan pajak di sektor lain akan meningkat karena perubahan penghasilan tidak kena pajak. Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. mengumpulkan data sekunder untuk membuat laporan ini dengan dokumentasi dan studi literatur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa besarnya PPh 21 akan mempengaruhi besaran PPh 21 orang pribadi, besarnya PPh 21 juga akan berpengaruh terhadap PPh 21 terutang orang pribadi. Dengan menurunnya pajak penghasilan yang terutang bagi orang pribadi, kesejahteraan dan daya beli masyarakat juga akan meningkat. Penurunan penerimaan PPh orang pribadi 21 bagi pemerintah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penerimaan penerimaan di sektor pajak lainnya.
Energy «injection» concept. Part 1. Strategic partner
Authors: Seregina А. 
Published: April 2024

The article examines the prerequisites for expanding interaction between Russia and India, taking into account the continuing status – a particularly privileged partnership. The analysis of bilateral and multilateral interaction carried out in the article showed that the potential for cooperation between countries remains practically unrealized.Part 1 is devoted to the analysis of bilateral interaction in the field of the fuel and energy complex. It is shown that energy potential can become a catalyst for deepening interaction and transition to a “cooperation” format between countries.
Compare the Effectiveness of Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) versus Checklist in Demonstration of Antenatal Abdominal Examination among Final Year G.N.M. students.
Authors: Ms. Ritika Janet Singh  
Published: April 2024

The OSCE is an approach to the assessment of clinical competence in which the components of competence are assessed in a planned or structured way with attention being paid to the objectivity of the evaluation” Harden, 1988 .The Objective Structured Clinical Exam (OSCE) is a performance- based exam. During the exam, trainees are observed and evaluated as theygo through a series of stations where they interview, examine and treat standardized patients presenting with some type of problem. An OSCE is:
•	Objectivity, because examiners use a checklist for evaluating the trainees.
•	Structured, because every trainee sees the same problem and performs same tasks in the same time frame.
•	Clinical based, because the tasks are representative of those faced in real clinical situations
•	An evaluation method
II – Materials and Methods
Comparative research design was used with group I & group II to assess the effectiveness of objective structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) versus checklist in demonstration of antenatal abdominal examination among final year G.N.M students. The study conducted on 30 samples in each group. Data was collected using Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation and checklist for assessing performance of G.N.M final year students on abdominal examination.
III – Results
The overall mean and S.D. of OSCE was 11.03 with a percentage mean of 91.39% and 16.59 whereas the overall mean and S.D. of Checklist was 55.73 with a percentage mean of 79.62% and 11.24. The calculated ‘t’ value was higher than the table value (t58 = , P< 0.01). Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected and research hypothesis was accepted and it was inferred that in the present study there was significant difference between the effectiveness of demonstration on antenatal abdominal examination during pregnancy assessed by Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE) & checklist among G.N.M final year students.
Comparing the mean percentage of OSCE and Checklist 91.39% and 79.62%, it is inferred that the mean percentage of OSCE i.e. 91.39% is higher than the mean percentage of Checklist i.e. 79.62%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the OSCE is more effective than the checklist for evaluating the demonstration of abdominal examination during pregnancy.
IV – Conclusion
This study concluded that in comparison to, OSCE was found to be a more effective assessment tool than traditional method checklist. Use of OSCE as formative tool will help in modifying teaching- learning strategies so that both, the teachers as well as the students can derive maximum benefit
A study on the global burden of non-melanoma skin cancer from 1990 to 2019
Authors: Si Zixiang , Ying Jieya , Zhou Yingli 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThis study aims to provide an overview and analysis of the global disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer using data from the GBD 2019 database.Material and methodsThis study utilized the global GBD 2019 disease data. The data was categorized into various subgroups based on region, socio-demographic index (SDI), country, gender, and age. We analyzed Incidence Cases, Incidence Rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), DALY Rate, as well as age-standardized indicators and their annualized percent change (EAPC).ResultsThe global burden of non-melanoma skin cancer exhibited an increasing trend from 1990 to 2019. The EAPC for age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) was 1.13, and the EAPC for age-standardized DALY rate was 0.20. Geographic variations were observed, with the most substantial increase in ASIR observed in High-income North America (EAPC: 2.20), and a significant increase in age-standardized DALY rate in Central Asia (EAPC: 2.32). Countries with high SDI had the highest ASIR and showed the most significant increasing trend (EAPC: 1.97). Overall, the burden of disease for non-melanoma skin cancer increased in all countries globally from 1990 to 2019. The EAPC for incidence cases, DALYs, and ASIR was greater than 0 in almost all countries worldwide, indicating an overall increasing trend.ConclusionsThe global disease burden of non-melanoma skin cancer exhibited significant increasing changes from 1990 to 2019. Several countries in Asia, Africa, and North America experienced a severe disease burden.
Exosomal miR-182-5p from breast cancer cells reprogram tumor-associated macrophages and promotes TNBC progression by targeting Notch1 in macrophages
Authors: Li Hongtao , Fan Jingjing Fan , Ma Jing , Qiao Lei , Sha Tong , Ma Binlin 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionThe regulatory role of miR-182 in breast cancer malignancy and macrophage reprogramming is well-established. However, the mechanisms through which miR-182 overexpression in tumor cells influences macrophage polarization remain elusive.Material and methodsAfter transfection with miR-182-5p mimics, inhibitors, and controls for 24 hours, exosomes were extracted by differential centrifugation from transfected MDA-MB-231. Macrophages co-cultured with these exosomes to illustrate the regulative effects of exo-miR-182-5p reprogram macrophage. Furthermore, breast cancer cells co-cultured with exo-miR-182-5p reprogrammed M2 macrophages to demonstrate the effects of reprogrammed M2 macrophages to influence breast cancer progression. After all, these findings were validated in cell derived xenograft (CDX) BALB/C nude-mice model.ResultsIn this study, we demonstrate that exosome-derived miR-182-5p from TNBC cells reprograms M2 macrophage polarization through direct combined with Notch1, thereby enhancing breast cancer progression in vitro and in vivo. When co-cultured with exosomes from TNBC cells transfected with miR-182-5p mimics or inhibitors, macrophages showed altered Notch1/Hes1 pathway expression, leading to M2 polarization and subsequent changes in reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammation, and other biochemical markers. Furthermore, breast cancer cells co-cultured with exosomes reprogrammed macrophages exhibited increased colony formation, migration, and invasion, as well as reduced apoptosis. These findings were validated in a BALB/C nude-mice model.ConclusionsThis study pioneers the elucidation of the feedback loop mechanism between breast cancer cells and macrophages mediated by the exosome-derived miR-182-5p/Notch1 pathway, highlighting its role in macrophage reprogramming. Although the therapeutic application of miR-182-5p inhibitors as anticancer agents remains in the early stages, targeting macrophage polarization represents a promising avenue for breast cancer therapy.