bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Needs Assessment of Musculoskeletal Ultrasound Training in North American Pediatric Rheumatology Fellowship Programs
Authors: Perron Megan Mariko , Ziniel Sonja I. , Curran Megan , Bloom Jessica L. , Vega‐Fernandez Patricia , Benham Heather , Torralba Karina , De Ranieri Deirdre , Lin Clara ,   the Ultrasound School of North American Rheumatologists (USSONAR)
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveMusculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) is widely used in adult rheumatology practice for diagnosis of arthritis and procedural guidance; however, it is not yet common practice in pediatric rheumatology. MSUS is advantageous to the pediatric population because it lacks radiation and eliminates need for sedation. This study aims to assess interest in, access to, and barriers to MSUS training in pediatric rheumatology fellowship programs in North America.MethodsA survey was developed by pediatric rheumatology providers with experience in medical and/or MSUS education and distributed via REDCap anonymously in March 2022 (Supplementary Material). Eligible participants included current and recently graduated (<1 year) pediatric rheumatology fellows at a North American program. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses using design‐based Pearson chi‐squared tests were performed.ResultsOverall response rate was 78% (88/113), and 75% reported some form of MSUS training during fellowship. Only 36% indicated their program had a formal MSUS curriculum. Of those with MSUS training, 23% reported adult‐only MSUS education. Eighty‐four percent felt MSUS would be beneficial to their career. Major barriers to MSUS training included lack of MSUS‐trained faculty, lack of time, and lack of hands‐on MSUS sessions. Those who had access to MSUS training were significantly more interested in MSUS than those without (P = 0.0036).ConclusionThis study demonstrates that North American pediatric rheumatology fellows have a strong interest in learning MSUS, but they face significant challenges in accessing MSUS training (lack of MSUS‐trained faculty, time, and access to hands‐on training). MSUS should be incorporated into fellowship curriculum; however, implementation remains a challenge.
Comparative Effectiveness of a Second Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Versus a Non–Tumor Necrosis Factor Biologic in the Treatment of Patients With Polyarticular‐Course Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: Mannion Melissa L. , Amin Shahla , Balevic Stephen , Chang Min‐Lee , Correll Colleen K. , Kearsley‐Fleet Lianne , Hyrich Kimme L. , Beukelman Timothy ,   for the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry Investigators and the UK Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Biologics Register Investigators
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a second tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) versus a non‐TNFi biologic following discontinuation of a TNFi for patients with polyarticular‐course juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA).MethodsUsing the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry, patients with pJIA who started receiving a second biologic following a first TNFi were identified. Patients were required to have no active uveitis on the index date and a visit six months after the index date. Outcome measures included Clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score with a maximum of 10 active joints (cJADAS10), cJADAS10 inactive disease (ID; ≤2.5) and cJADAS10 minimal disease activity (MiDA; ≤5). Multiple imputation was used to account for missing data. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) were calculated using propensity score quintiles to compare outcomes at six months following second biologic initiation.ResultsThere were 216 patients included, 84% initially received etanercept, and most patients stopped receiving it because of its ineffectiveness (74%). A total of 183 (85%) started receiving a second TNFi, and 33 (15%) started receiving a non‐TNFi. Adalimumab was the most common second biologic received (71% overall, 84% of second TNFi), and tocilizumab was the most common non‐TNFi second biologic received (9% overall, 58% of non‐TNFi). There was no difference between receiving TNFi versus non‐TNFi in cJADAS10 ID (29% vs 25%; aOR 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.47–3.20) or at least MiDA (43% vs 39%; aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.47–2.62) at six months.ConclusionMost patients with pJIA started receiving TNFi rather than non‐TNFi as their second biologic, and there were no differences in disease activity at six months.image
Adaptive fixed‐time anti‐synchronization and synchronization control for Liu‐Chen‐Liu chaotic systems with actuator faults
Authors: Wang Huanqing , Chai Ge , Kang Shijia 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn this paper, the fixed‐time anti‐synchronization and synchronization fault‐tolerant control problem is considered for two identical Liu‐Chen‐Liu chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. With the help of fixed‐time stability theory and adaptive backstepping method, we propose two novel adaptive controllers. In the control scheme proposed in this paper, the adaptive backstepping technique is used to deal with the unknown parameters contained in the chaotic systems. Besides, the piecewise functional method is used to solve the singularity problem in the controller design process. The designed controllers achieve anti‐synchronization and synchronization of two identical Liu‐Chen‐Liu chaotic systems within the preset time interval. Simulation results are conducted to show the effectiveness of two proposed adaptive controllers.
A Spider Leg‐Inspired mm‐Scale Soft Exoskeleton Enabled by Liquid via Hydration and Charge Transport
Authors: Valdur Kadri‐Ann , Tamm Tarmo , Fiorello Isabella , Aabloo Alvo , Must Indrek , Sinibaldi Edoardo , Mazzolai Barbara 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn organisms, liquid as a continuum intertwines architected components (organs), including nervous, vascular, and musculoskeletal systems. In this regard, spiders exhibit remarkable embodiments where hemolymph, which infuses the animal, simultaneously enables muscle activation and exoskeleton compliance. Previous works on spider‐inspired artificial systems have focused on disentangled aspects, such as pressurization and flexible structures, yet organism‐like liquid‐mediated physical intelligence integrating control, distribution of resources, actuation, and support is still to be demonstrated. Here a spider‐leg‐inspired soft exoskeleton integrating a muscular system is shown, enabled by the contained liquid through hydration for compliance conditioning and charge transport for muscle activation. A two‐photon polymerized 0.8 mm‐diameter exoskeleton is reported that contains an electrolyte solution and is actuated via contraction of an ionic electroactive polymer muscle operated at 0–1 V. The exoskeleton features reversible bending and compliant interaction with natural entities such as anthers, spider webs, and pollen grains. The reported technology demonstrator, which functionally intertwines muscularization, vascularization, and innervation via liquid, supports the development of liquid‐enabled systems based on embodied energy and multi‐material design, particularly for bioinspired soft robotics.
Facile Fabrication of Heterogeneous Olfactory Sensing Array via Thermal Manipulation of A Single Sr─Fe─O Perovskite Precursor
Authors: Xu Feng , Chen Ming , Cui Yaoxuan , Qian Libin , Wang Jin , Han Zhao , Lu Yanli , Wang Di 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe electronic nose aims to emulate the olfactory capabilities of osmatic animals, utilizing olfactory sensing array with different sensing characteristics to perceive odors. However, the separate precursors and preparation methods of sensing materials pose challenges in the fabrication of an olfactory sensing array. In this work, the customization of the surface crystal phase of Sr─Fe─O materials (SFO) is demonstrated through the control of annealing temperature, enabling the simple fabrication of an olfactory sensing array using a single precursor. Significantly, the SFO materials exhibit diverse proportions of surface crystal phases, showcasing varied selective characteristics toward volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The materials also demonstrate remarkable responsiveness, linearity, and response/recovery times. Furthermore, this study unraveles the intricate gas‐sensor mechanism through first principle calculations, revealing that Fe spin‐down d band center of Sr3Fe2O7, located near the Fermi level, significantly enhances the binding strength of intermediates, leading to a higher response specifically to certain VOCs. Integrating these materials into a unified device, the sensor array quantitatively and discriminatively detected different VOCs. The results indicate that SFO materials hold tremendous potential as a promising and easily manufacturable olfactory material system.
Artificial Internalizing Receptor Affords Fast, Potent, Specific Drug Delivery to the Chemically Engineered Cells
Authors: Søgaard Ane Bretschneider , Skovbo Frederik , Tvilum Anne , Hansson Rikke F. , Zelikin Alexander N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReceptors are lipid bilayer‐resident molecules that perform a myriad of functions in a cell, from recognition to signaling and solute internalization, and are typically based on proteins. Herein, artificial receptors are engineered based on small organic molecules, toward chemical, non‐genetic engineering of cells. Specifically, artificial internalizing receptors are designed for selective targeting and cell‐specific drug delivery. The artificial receptors are shown to afford nanomolar potency of action for the cognate antibody‐drug conjugates. In the chemically engineered cells, the conjugate activity is at the same time more potent and significantly faster than that observed with the use of the pristine drug. In a mixed cell population, an antibody‐drug conjugate targeted to the artificial receptor can selectively eliminate the chemical receptor‐engineered cells. Taken together, these results illustrate that artificial receptors based on small organic molecules are simple by structure but can mediate one of the foundational cellular functions, namely endocytosis, with excellence. Most importantly, these receptors are truly bio‐orthogonal and thus afford a dedicated route of communication with the chemically engineered cells.
Highly Conductive Quasi‐1D Hexagonal Chalcogenide Perovskite Sr8Ti7S21 with Efficient Polysulfide Regulation in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Yang Dawei , Han Yanbing , Li Mengyao , Li Canhuang , Bi Wei , Gong Qianhong , Zhang Jie , Zhang Jinglu , Zhou Yingtang , Gao Han , Arbiol Jordi , Shi Zhifeng , Zhou Guangmin , Cabot Andreu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium‐sulfur batteries (LSBs) are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation energy storage systems. However, the commercialization of LSBs is still hindered by several technical issues, including the notorious polysulfide migration from the cathode to the anode and the sluggish sulfur conversion kinetics. Herein, a quasi‐1D hexagonal chalcogenide perovskite, Sr8Ti7S21, is demonstrated as an efficient sulfur host able to overcome these limitations. Experimental results and density functional theory calculations show Sr8Ti7S21 to offer strong lithium polysulfides (LiPS) binding through multiple bond formation. Besides, Sr8Ti7S21 effectively facilitates the kinetics of the LiPS redox reaction. As a result, S@Sr8Ti7S21‐based cathodes exhibit excellent initial capacities up to 1315 mAh g−1 at 0.2C, impressive cycling stability with an average capacity decay rate of 0.08% per cycle over 400 cycles at 1C, and a high areal capacity of 6.58 mAh cm−2 under a high sulfur loading of 6.5 mg cm−2. This work reveals the potential capabilities and promising prospects of chalcogenide perovskites in advancing LSBs technology.
Multifunctional Nanovaccine Sensitizes Breast Cancer to Immune Checkpoint Therapy
Authors: Peres Carina , Matos Ana I. , Carreira Bárbara , Moura Liane I. F. , Kleiner Ron , Vaskovich‐Koubi Daniella , Reshef Keren , Dulberg Shai , Verdial Mafalda , Conniot João , Afonso Marta B. , Acúrcio Rita C. , Basto Afonso P. , Mensurado Sofia , Silva‐Santos Bruno , Santos Susana Constantino Rosa , Viana Ana S. , Silva Liana C. , Rodrigues Cecília M. P. , Préat Véronique , Graça Luís , Madi Asaf , Satchi‐Fainaro Ronit , Florindo Helena F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBreast cancer is the primary cause of cancer‐related death in women worldwide. Breast cancer subtypes are characterized by different gene expression patterns, which drive their prognostic factors and therapeutic options. Among them, triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the deadliest due to its aggressiveness, high rate of early recurrence and distant metastases, and limited therapeutic options. Despite the recent approval of monoclonal antibodies targeting programmed cell death protein 1 (PD‐1) or its ligand (PD‐L1) for the treatment of TNBC patients with a locally recurrent unresectable or metastatic tumor expressing PD‐L1, their response rate is very modest. It is reported that polymeric nanoparticle (NP)‐based cancer vaccines, co‐entrapping tumor‐associated antigens, Toll‐like receptor ligands and small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β1 by dendritic cells, sensitized TNBC to the agonist immune checkpoint OX40, inhibiting tumor growth and increasing overall survival. This anti‐tumor immune‐mediated effect is also observed in a luminal type of mammary cancer similar to human disease. Therefore, these synergistic anticancer effects of αOX40 and the antigen‐specific adaptive immunity induced by nanovaccine‐mediated TGF‐β silencing may guide the development of novel combination regimens able to improve the response rate to this aggressive tumor.
Unveiling the Electro‐Chemo‐Mechanical Failure Mechanism of Sodium Metal Anodes in Sodium–Oxygen Batteries by Synchrotron X‐Ray Computed Tomography
Authors: Zhang Xia , Zhang Shenghang , Lu Jie , Tang Fengcheng , Dong Kang , Yu Zhenjiang , Hilger André , Osenberg Markus , Markötter Henning , Wilde Fabian , Zhang Shu , Zhao Jingwen , Xu Gaojie , Manke Ingo , Sun Fu , Cui Guanglei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRechargeable sodium–oxygen batteries (NaOBs) are receiving extensive research interests because of their advantages such as ultrahigh energy density and cost efficiency. However, the severe failure of Na metal anodes has impeded the commercial development of NaOBs. Herein, combining in situ synchrotron X‐ray computed tomography (SXCT) and other complementary characterizations, a novel electro‐chemo‐mechanical failure mechanism of sodium metal anode in NaOBs is elucidated. It is visually showcased that the Na metal anodes involve a three‐stage decay evolution of a porous Na reactive interphase layer (NRIL): from the initially dot‐shaped voids evolved into the spindle‐shaped voids and the eventually‐developed ruptured cracks. The initiation of this three‐stage evolution begins with chemical‐resting and is exacerbated by further electrochemical cycling. From corrosion science and fracture mechanics, theoretical simulations suggest that the evolution of porous NRIL is driven by the concentrated stress at crack tips. The findings illustrate the importance of preventing electro‐chemo‐mechanical degradation of Na anodes in practically rechargeable NaOBs.
Rapid and Noise‐Resilient Mapping of Photogenerated Carrier Lifetime in Halide Perovskite Thin Films
Authors: Vidon Guillaume , Scrivanti Gabriele , Soret Etienne , Harada Nao , Chouzenoux Emilie , Pesquet Jean‐Christophe , Guillemoles Jean‐François , Cacovich Stefania 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHalide perovskite materials offer significant promise for solar energy and optoelectronics yet understanding and enhancing their efficiency and stability require addressing lateral inhomogeneity challenges. While photoluminescence imaging techniques are employed for the measurement of their opto‐electronic and transport properties, going further in terms of precision requires longer acquisition times. Prolonged exposure of perovskites to light, given their high reactivity, can substantially alter these layers, rendering the acquired data less meaningful for analysis. In this paper, a method to extract high‐quality lifetime images from rapidly acquired, noisy time‐resolved photoluminescence images is proposed. This method leverages concepts of the field of constrained reconstruction and includes the Huber loss function and a specific form of total variation regularization. Through both simulations and experiments, it is demonstrated that the approach outperforms conventional pointwise methods. Optimal acceleration and optimization parameters tailored for decay time imaging of perovskite materials, offering new perspectives for accelerated experiments crucial in degradation process characterization are identified. Importantly, this methodology holds the potential for broader applications: it can be extended to explore additional beam‐sensitive materials, and other imaging characterization techniques and employed with more complex physical models to treat time‐resolved decays.
Mucus and Biofilm Penetrating Nanoplatform as an Ultrasound‐Induced Free Radical Initiator for Targeted Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Fan Jinjie , Dong Yuze , Sun Yue , Ji Yalan , Feng Jie , Yan Peijuan , Zhu Yingnan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is closely associated with the development of various gastric diseases. The effectiveness of current clinical antibiotic therapy is hampered by the rise of drug‐resistant strains and the formation of H. pylori biofilm. This paper reports a sonodynamic nanocomposite PtCu3‐PDA@AIPH@Fucoidan (PPAF), which consists of dopamine‐modified inorganic sonosensitizers PtCu3, alkyl radicals (R•) generator AIPH and fucoidan, can penetrate the mucus layer, target H. pylori, disrupt biofilms, and exhibit excellent bactericidal ability. In vitro experiments demonstrate that PPAF exhibits excellent acoustic kinetic properties, generating a significant amount of reactive oxygen species and oxygen‐independent R• for sterilization under ultrasound stimulation. Simultaneously, the produced N2 can enhance the cavitation effect, aiding PPAF nanoparticles in penetrating the gastric mucus layer and disrupting biofilm integrity. This disruption allows more PPAF nanoparticles to bind to biofilm bacteria, facilitating the eradication of H. pylori. In vivo experiments demonstrate that ultrasound‐stimulated PPAF exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy against H. pylori. Moreover, it effectively modulated the expression levels of inflammatory factors and maintained gastrointestinal microbiota stability when compared to the antibiotic treatment group. In summary, PPAF nanoparticles present a potential alternative to antibiotics, offering an effective and healthy option for treating H. pylori infection.
Stabilization of Lattice Oxygen Evolution Reactions in Oxophilic Ce‐Mediated Bi/BiCeO1.8H Electrocatalysts for Efficient Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Jo Seunghwan , Jeon Jeong In , Shin Ki Hoon , Zhang Liting , Lee Keon Beom , Hong John , Sohn Jung Inn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe lattice oxygen mechanism (LOM) offers an efficient reaction pathway for oxygen evolution reactions (OERs) in energy storage and conversion systems. Owing to the involvement of active lattice oxygen enhancing electrochemical activity, addressing the structural and electrochemical stabilities of LOM materials is crucial. Herein, a heterostructure (Bi/BiCeO1.8H) containing abundant under‐coordinated oxygen atoms having oxygen nonbonding states is synthesized by a simple electrochemical deposition method. Given the difference in reduction potentials between Bi and Ce, partially reduced Bi nanoparticles and surrounding under‐coordinated oxygen atoms are generated in BiCeO1.8H. It is found that the lattice oxygen can be activated as a reactant of the OER when the valence state of Bi increases to Bi5+, leading to increased metal–oxygen covalency and that the oxophilic Ce3+/4+ redox couple can maintain the Bi nanoparticles and surrounding under‐coordinated oxygen atoms by preventing over‐oxidation of Bi. The anion exchange membrane water electrolyzer with Bi/BiCeO1.8H exhibits a low cell voltage of 1.79 V even at a high practical current density of 1.0 A cm−2. Furthermore, the cell performance remains significantly stable over 100 h with only a 2.2% increase in the initial cell voltage, demonstrating sustainable lattice oxygen redox.
High Entropy Alloys Enable Durable and Efficient Lithium‐Mediated CO2 Redox Reactions
Authors: Sun Liang , Yuwono Jodie A. , Zhang Shilin , Chen Biao , Li Guanjie , Jin Huanyu , Johannessen Bernt , Mao Jianfeng , Zhang Chaofeng , Zubair Muhammad , Bedford Nicholas , Guo Zaiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDesigning electrocatalysts with high activity and durability for multistep reduction and oxidation reactions is challenging. High‐entropy alloys (HEAs) are intriguing due to their tunable geometric and electronic structure through entropy effects. However, understanding the origin of their exceptional performance and identifying active centers is hindered by the diverse microenvironment in HEAs. Herein, NiFeCoCuRu HEAs designed with an average diameter of 2.17 nm, featuring different adsorption capacities for various reactants and intermediates in Li‐mediated CO2 redox reactions, are introduced. The electronegativity‐dependent nature of NiFeCoCuRu HEAs induces significant charge redistribution, shifting the d‐band center closer to Fermi level and forming highly active clusters of Ru, Co, and Ni for Li‐based compounds adsorptions. This lowers energy barriers and simultaneously stabilizes *LiCO2 and LiCO3+CO intermediates, enhancing the efficiency of both CO2 reduction and Li2CO3 decomposition over extended periods. This work provides insights into specific active site interactions with intermediates, highlighting the potential of HEAs as promising catalysts for intricate CO2 redox reactions.
Experimental Demonstration of Reservoir Computing with Self‐Assembled Percolating Networks of Nanoparticles
Authors: Mallinson Joshua B. , Steel Jamie K. , Heywood Zachary E. , Studholme Sofie J. , Bones Philip J. , Brown Simon A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe complex self‐assembled network of neurons and synapses that comprises the biological brain enables natural information processing with remarkable efficiency. Percolating networks of nanoparticles (PNNs) are complex self‐assembled nanoscale systems that have been shown to possess many promising brain‐like attributes and which are therefore appealing systems for neuromorphic computation. Here experiments are performed that show that PNNs can be utilized as physical reservoirs within a nanoelectronic reservoir computing framework and demonstrate successful computation for several benchmark tasks (chaotic time series prediction, nonlinear transformation, and memory capacity). For each task, relevant literature results are compiled and it is shown that the performance of the PNNs compares favorably to that previously reported from nanoelectronic reservoirs. It is then demonstrated experimentally that PNNs can be used for spoken digit recognition with state‐of‐the‐art accuracy. Finally, a parallel reservoir architecture is emulated, which increases the dimensionality and richness of the reservoir outputs and results in further improvements in performance across all tasks.