bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Source and Artifact Characterization Data Using a Generalized Distance Measure
Authors: Ward Graeme K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA major difficulty arises in sourcing studies when more than two or three elements are used in the comparison of artifacts with a number of potential sources. Multivariate statistical analysis can be used to define source groups and to allocate artifacts to their most likely sources. In this study of North Island, New Zealand, obsidian sources used in prehistory, the generalized distance measure of Mahalanobis and Rao is applied in three phases: first, to define source groups in terms of their inter- and intrasource variation using characterization data from X-ray fluorescence spectrography of five trace element constituents; second, the five-dimensional array was reduced to a three-dimensional figure for visual presentation; and finally, the highest probability of the association of an artifact data-set with that of a source group is used to allocate archaeologically derived material to its most likely source of raw material.
Fundamental Changes in the Interpretations of the Mixtec Codices
Authors: Troike Nancy P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSince mid-1974 very significant advances have been made in interpreting the Mixtec codices of Mexico. Many older hypotheses have been disproved, including the long-accepted chronological scheme proposed by Caso (1949), and these will cause profound changes in archaeological correlations for the Oaxacan area. The most important codex research is now focused upon correcting the chronology, distinguishing between actual history and mythical events, and clarifying the natures and roles of supernatural beings. The use of Central Mexican concepts hindered earlier research, but these patterns are erroneous for the Mixtecs and have now been discarded; accurate interpretations occur only with the use of Mixtec cultural and linguistic data. Mixtec codex studies are now firmly established as a separate and independent area of specialization within Mesoamerican scholarship.
Location Analysis of Prehistoric Maya Sites in Northern British Honduras
Authors: Green Ernestene L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the spatial distribution of prehistoric Maya sites in Corozal District, northern British Honduras (Belize). Central to the analysis is the proposition that sites were located so as to minimize the effort expended in acquiring critical resources. The method is to isolate characteristics of the environment and to test their correlation with settlement distribution. The analysis includes both bivariate and multivariate tests. By using both kinds of tests, it is possible to suggest not only which characteristics were relevant to the selection of a location for settlement but also the relative importance of these characteristics. The analysis indicates that variables of soil, vegetation, and distance from navigable water are significantly associated with settlement. Also, the analysis brings out the phenomenon of settlement clusterings as it occurs in this region.
Middle Prehistoric Period Adaptations and Paleoenvironment in the Northwestern Plains: The Sun River Site
Authors: Greiser Sally T. , Greiser T. Weber , Vetter Susan M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe Sun River site (24CA74) near Great Falls, Montana, is significant because the six occupation levels span the millennia of notable climatic change from late Altithermal to Medithermal conditions. Informative paleoenvironmental data enhance the archaeological results. Sun River provides an important means for understanding prehistoric adaptations on the Northwestern Plains between 5200 and 3600 B.P.
The Role of Stone Bladelets in Middle Woodland Society
Authors: Odell George H. 
Published: April 2006

Although true blade technologies were virtually unknown throughout the entire Archaic period of the American Midwest, they blossomed briefly during the Middle Woodland, but died out and were absent again during the rest of prehistory. Despite their temporal specificity, we have no idea why this technology developed. In the most intensive attempt so far to derive an answer to this question, Yerkes, at the Murphy site in Ohio, was able to conclude only that blades were used for a variety of tasks, just like bifaces or retouched flakes.My own research sheds light on this problem, at least in the lower Illinois Valley of Illinois. I have applied intensive use-wear analyses to three Middle Woodland components: the Smiling Dan settlement and two different kinds of ceremonial manifestations from the Napoleon Hollow site. Bladelets were used very differently in these three situations. At the habitation they were relatively unimportant and were used for a variety of tasks, just as at the Murphy site. But in mortuary contexts they were numerically very significant and were employed for a restricted range of tasks—primarily for cutting and scraping soft materials. This conclusion suggests that the blade was an integral part of Hopewell ceremonialism.
Native Life in a Johannesburg Slum Yard
Authors: Hellmann Ellen 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphAlthough for reasons of a misguided economy a Native Census was not undertaken in 1931 and consequently complete statistics for the Native population of South Africa are entirely lacking, the available evidence points to a marked increase in the Native urban population. The 1921 census revealed the fact that Native women also were settling in town in much larger numbers than had previously been the case, and all indications point to a much greater increase in this section of the urban population since then. This growing inclination of the Native to settle his wife and children in the urban centre where he earns his livelihood indicates a tendency on his part to divorce himself from his rural bonds and to regard the town as his permanent home and not as the place of his solely temporary employment. The children of these families will, in all likelihood, eventually form a permanent and stable urban population, entirely dissociated from a rural background. Many of them—the potential citizens of a town—have been reared in a slum yard. Such yards represent for many Natives their first, and perhaps only, experience of a home.
An Experiment in Applied Anthropology
Authors: Baker G. 
Published: April 2006

Opening ParagraphLord Lugard in, an article which appeared in the Daily Telegraph for July 30th, 1934, indicated some of the directions in which anthropology could assist the administration of primitive peoples. He referred to functional anthropology, but the limits of his article did not allow him to indicate the methods through which such assistance could be sought by the administrator and supplied by the anthropologist.
John Quincy Adams, Slavery, and the Disappearance of the Right of Petition
Authors: Frederick David C. 
Published: April 2006

The first amendment prohibits Congress from making any law that abridges the right of the people “to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” This clause reflects many years of practical experience with petitions, both in England and in the American colonies. Unlike the right of free speech, which has attracted much scholarly attention, the right of petition has received little scrutiny from commentators or judges. The scope of the substantive right embodied in the clause is still a matter of dispute.This article explores a key incident in the history of the right of petition—the congressional imposition in the 1830s of a “gag rule” to prohibit the reception of petitions related to slavery. This restriction on petitions was a turning point both for a change in the meaning of the right and for the procedures permitted by Congress to give it expression. The gag rule effectively quashed the right to petition as it had been exercised for centuries—as a means of communicating the people's grievances to government. Although the right still exists, its traditional usage and meaning “disappeared” in the 1830s.
Bioassay for the Determination of the Intra‐ and Extracellular Activity of Aminopeptidases in Immobilized Tomato Cells
Authors: Stano Ján , Mičieta Karol , Tintemann Herbert , Neubert Klaus 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPermeabilized tomato cells were cross‐linked with glutaraldehyde in the absence of a carrier. The immobilized cells demonstrated significantly lower aminopeptidase (AP) activities than untreated control cells. However, when immobilized with pectate and alginate gels, the tomato cells retained their AP activities. A new method for the determination of the activity of both extra‐ and intracellular AP was developed, based on enzyme‐catalyzed hydrolysis of a series of synthetic β‐naphthylamides (βNA) of the L‐amino acids Ala, Arg, Leu, Pro, Tyr, or of the synthetic β‐methoxynaphthylamides (βMNA) of Ala and Arg. Extracellular AP – produced by calli, cell‐suspension culture, or seedlings of tomato cells grown on agar – hydrolyzed these peptidic substrates to the free naphthalene amines and amino acids. Staining with Fast Garnet GBC salt under formation of bright reddish azo dyes readily allowed the determination of AP activities. For the tomato‐cell suspension, the intracellular activity accounted for 91.3–93.9% of the total activity, and the extracellular one for 6.1–8.7%, respectively. Our method permits the rapid, simple, and specific determination of plant aminopeptidases.
The sibling relationships of adolescents with antisocial and comorbid mental disorders: an epidemiological investigation
Authors: Slomkowski Cheryl , Cohen Patricia , Brook Judith 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA growing literature suggests that the sibling relationship provides one aetiologic context for the development of antisocial behaviour. This study adds to this body of work by examining associations between the quality of adolescent sibling relationships and antisocial behaviour in an epidemiological sample, and also by exploring whether such associations are conditional on the presentation of disorders comorbid with antisocial behaviour disorders. The sample consisted of 698 adolescents (at the average age of 16.2 years) participating in an epidemiological study of youth. Subjects completed a self‐report questionnaire on the quality of the sibling relationship, which yielded three correlated factors: negative, positive and competition. All subjects were assessed for psychiatric disorders using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children. The primary focus was on 31 subjects who met ‘severe’ criteria for antisocial behaviour disorders (either conduct disorder or oppositional defiant disorder), and 46 subjects who met criteria for other psychiatric disorders. The antisocial adolescents reported significantly higher scores on the negative scale than the psychiatric control group. Furthermore, subjects with just antisocial disorders, as well as subjects with comorbid presentation of antisocial and other psychiatric disorders, had similar scores on the negative scale, which were elevated as compared with various psychiatric control groups. The results are consistent with theories which speculate that siblings influence the development of antisocial behaviour through direct training in coercive interaction. Furthermore, the analysis of comorbid presentation leads us to suggest that aversive sibling relationships may be specifically associated with antisocial behaviour disorders, rather than psychopathology in general. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Effect of the Transition Metal on the Synthesis of Quaternary Sulfides MPb8In17S34 (M: Cu, Ag, Au).
Authors: Wang Kuan‐Chen , Lee Chi‐Shen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Study of the Mn—Mn Exchange Interactions in Single Crystals of LnMn6Sn6 Compounds with Ln: Sc, Y and Lu.
Authors: Matsuo A. , Suga K. , Kindo K. , Zhang L. , Brueck E. , Buschow K. H. J. , de Boer F. R. , Lefevre C. , Venturini G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ba2[Ni3N2]: A Low‐Valent Nitridonickelate — Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties.
Authors: Mehta Akash , Hoehn Peter , Schnelle Walter , Petzold Vivien , Rosner Helge , Burkhardt Ulrich , Kniep Ruediger 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Chiral Phosphite‐Oxazolines: A New Class of Ligands for Asymmetric Heck Reactions.
Authors: Mata Yvette , Dieguez Montserrat , Pamies Oscar , Claver Carmen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hydrogen Bond Catalyzed Enantioselective Vinylogous Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Gondi Vijaya Bhasker , Gravel Michel , Rawal Viresh H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
SnCl2‐Mediated Carbonyl Allylation of Aldehydes and Ketones in Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Tang Long , Ding Li , Chang Wei‐Xing , Li Jing 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1‐Bromo‐1‐lithioethene: A Practical Reagent in Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Novikov Yehor Y. , Sampson Paul 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Functionalized Hydroxymethyl Ketones from the Mild and Chemoselective KMnO4 Oxidation of Chiral Terminal Olefins.
Authors: Bonini Carlo , Chiummiento Lucia , Funicello Maria , Lupattelli Paolo , Pullez Maddalena 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Asymmetric Route for the Synthesis of a Novel Class of Glucocorticoid Mimetics Containing a Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Alcohol.
Authors: Lee Thomas W. , Proudfoot John R. , Thomson David S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
In‐ or In(I)‐Employed Tailoring of the Stereogenic Centers in the Reformatsky‐Type Reactions of Simple Ketones, α‐Alkoxy Ketones, and β‐Keto Esters.
Authors: Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Yasuda Makoto , Shibata Ikuya , Baba Akio 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Anthraquinone Derivatives: Tandem Diels—Alder‐Decarboxylation—Oxidation Reaction of 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrone with 1,4‐Naphthoquinone.
Authors: Komiyama Takuzo , Takaguchi Yutaka , Tsuboi Sadao 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple and Convenient Method for the Synthesis of 1‐Dialkylaminocarbothioic Acid S‐[(2,3‐Epithio)propyl] Esters.
Authors: Kumar S. T. V. S. Kiran , Sharma V. L. , Dwivedi A. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A New and Simple Synthetic Approach to Functionalized Sulfone Derivatives by the Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ghosh Arun Kumar 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Conjugate Base‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Synthesis of Pyrazoles from β‐Formyl Enamides.
Authors: Saikia Anil , Barthakur Madan G. , Borthakur Moyurima , Saikia Chandan J. , Bora Utpal , Boruah Romesh C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of 3‐Pyrrolin‐2‐one or Imidazolidine Derivatives by Slow Dimerization of N‐Substituted Aziridine‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Tomilov Yu. V. , Okonnishnikova G. P. , Shulishov E. V. , Korolev V. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cross Reactions of Cyanoacetic Acid Derivatives with Carbonyl Compounds. Part 3. One‐Step Synthesis of Substituted 2‐Amino‐5‐oxo‐4,5‐dihydropyrano[3,2‐c]chromenes.
Authors: Shestopalov A. A. , Rodinovskaya L. A. , Shestopalov A. M. , Litvinov V. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 1,1‐Disubstituted 4‐Phenyl‐2,3,4,9‐tetrahydrospiro‐β‐carbolines from β‐Phenyltryptamine and Isatin Derivatives.
Authors: Semenov B. B. , Novikov K. A. , Azev V. N. , Kachala V. V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Optimization of Diarylamines as Non‐Nucleoside Inhibitors of HIV‐1 Reverse Transcriptase.
Authors: Ruiz‐Caro Juliana , Basavapathruni Aravind , Kim Joseph T. , Bailey Christopher M. , Wang Ligong , Anderson Karen S. , Hamilton Andrew D. , Jorgensen William L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Simple Synthesis of 5‐Spirobarbituric Acids and Transformations of Spirocyclopropanobarbiturates to 5‐Substituted Barbiturates.
Authors: Singh Palwinder , Paul Kamaldeep 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 2,5‐Dihydrobenzo[b]oxepines and 5,6‐Dihydro‐2H‐benzo[b]oxocines Based on a “[3 + 3] Cyclization‐Olefin‐Metathesis” Strategy.
Authors: Nguyen Van Thi Hong , Bellur Esen , Langer Peter 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Concise Method for Synthesis of Diaryl Aryl‐ or Alkylphosphonates.
Authors: Yao Qiang , Levchik Sergei 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sequential Cycloaddition Approach to the Tricyclic Core of Vibsanin E. Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐5‐epi‐10‐epi‐Vibsanin E.
Authors: Davies Huw M. L. , Loe Oeystein , Stafford Douglas G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Cyclic Isomer of the Vitamin K1 Dihydro Derivative (Naphthotocopherol) and Its Analogues with the Shortened, and ω‐Functionalized Side Chain.
Authors: Spivak A. Yu. , Knyshenko O. V. , Mallyabaeva M. I. , Odinokov V. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Novel Series of Bispyridinium Compounds Bearing (E)‐But‐2‐ene Linker and Evaluation of Their Reactivation Activity Against Chlorpyrifos‐Inhibited Acetylcholinesterase.
Authors: Musilek Kamil , Kuca Kamil , Jun Daniel , Dohnal Vlastimil , Dolezal Martin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
System identification of a concrete arch dam and calibration of its finite element model
Authors: Alves S. W. , Hall J. F. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA magnitude 4.3 earthquake occurred near Pacoima Dam on 13 January 2001. An accelerometer array that had been upgraded after the Northridge earthquake recorded the motion with 17 channels on the dam and the dam–foundation interface. Using this data, properties of the first two modes are found from a system identification study. Modal properties are also determined from a forced vibration experiment performed in 2002 and indicate a significantly stiffer system than is estimated from the 2001 earthquake records. The 2001 earthquake, although small, must have induced temporary nonlinearity. This has implications for structural health monitoring. The source of the nonlinear behaviour is believed to be loss of stiffness in the foundation rock. A finite element model of Pacoima Dam is constructed and calibrated to match modal properties determined from the system identification study. A dynamic simulation of the 2001 earthquake response produces computed motions that agree fairly well with the recorded ones. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.