bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of routine prophylactic vaccination or administration of aluminum adjuvant alone on allergen-specific serum IgE and IgG responses in allergic dogs
Authors: Tater Kathy C. , Jackson Hilary A. , Paps Judy , Hammerberg Bruce 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the acute corn-specific
serum IgE and IgG, total serum IgE, and clinical
responses to SC administration of prophylactic vaccines
and aluminum adjuvant in corn-allergic dogs.

Animals—20 allergic and 8 nonallergic dogs.

Procedure—17 corn-allergic dogs were vaccinated.
Eight clinically normal dogs also were vaccinated as
a control group. Serum corn-specific IgE, corn-specific
IgG, and total IgE concentrations were measured
in each dog before vaccination and 1 and 3
weeks after vaccination by use of an ELISA. The
corn-allergic dogs also had serum immunoglobulin
concentrations measured at 8 and 9 weeks after
vaccination. Twenty allergic dogs received a SC
injection of aluminum adjuvant, and serum
immunoglobulin concentrations were measured in
each dog 1, 2, 3, 4, and 8 weeks after injection. The
allergic dogs were examined during the 8 weeks
after aluminum administration for clinical signs of
allergic disease.

Results—The allergic dogs had significant increases
in serum corn-specific IgE and IgG concentrations 1
and 3 weeks after vaccination but not 8 or 9 weeks
after vaccination. Control dogs did not have a significant
change in serum immunoglobulin concentrations
after vaccination. After injection of aluminum adjuvant,
the allergic dogs did not have a significant
change in serum immunoglobulin concentrations or
clinical signs.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Allergen-specific
IgE and IgG concentrations increase after prophylactic
vaccination in allergic dogs but not in clinically
normal dogs. Prophylactic vaccination of dogs
with food allergies may affect results of serologic
allergen-specific immunoglobulin testing performed
within 8 weeks after vaccination. (Am J Vet Res
2005;66:1572–1577)
Pharmacokinetics of azathioprine following single-dose intravenous and oral administration and effects of azathioprine following chronic oral administration in horses
Authors: White Stephen D. , Maxwell Lara K. , Szabo Nancy J. , Hawkins Jocelyn L. , Kollias-Baker Cynthia 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine pharmacokinetics of azathioprine (AZA) and clinical, hematologic, and serologic effects of IV and oral administration of AZA in horses.Animals—6 horses.Procedure—In study phase 1, a single dose of AZA was administered IV (1.5 mg/kg) or orally (3.0 mg/kg) to 6 horses, with at least 1 week between treatments. Blood samples were collected for AZA and 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP) analysis 1 hour before and at predetermined time points up to 4 hours after AZA administration. In study phase 2, AZA was administered orally (3 mg/kg) every 24 hours for 30 days and then every 48 hours for 30 days. Throughout study phase 2, blood samples were collected for CBC determination and serum biochemical analysis.Results—Plasma concentrations of AZA and its metabolite, 6-MP, decreased rapidly from plasma following IV administration of AZA, consistent with the short mean elimination half-life of 1.8 minutes. Oral bioavailability of AZA was low, ranging from 1% to 7%. No horses had abnormalities on CBC determination or serum biochemical analysis, other than 1 horse that was lymphopenic on day 5 and 26 of daily treatment. This horse developed facial alopecia from which 1 colony of aTrichophytonsp was cultured; alopecia resolved within 1 month after the study ended.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Overall, no adverse effects were observed with long-term oral administration of AZA to horses, although 1 horse did have possible evidence of immunosuppression with chronic treatment. Further investigation of the clinical efficacy of AZA in the treatment of autoimmune diseases in horses is warranted. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1578–1583)
Cytokine response of bovine mammary gland epithelial cells to Escherichia coli, coliform culture filtrate, or lipopolysaccharide
Authors: McClenahan David J. , Sotos Josh P. , Czuprynski Charles J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To define the cytokine response of a cultured mammary gland epithelial cell line (ie, Mac-T) when incubated withEscherichia colior its products.Sample Population—Mac-T cells andE colifrom cows with mastitis.Procedure—Mac-T cells were incubated withE colior its products. The cytokine response of Mac-T cells to these treatments was quantified by measuring mRNA content of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α by use of a quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assay. The amount of TNF-α secreted was also measured.Results—Treatment withE colior its products resulted in significant increases in IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA content in Mac-T cells. This increase was reversible when culture filtrate was incubated with polymyxin B. The amount of IL-1β mRNA in Mac-T cells increased only slightly over baseline after treatment withE colior its products, but this increase was not diminished by incubation ofE colifiltrate with polymyxin B.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Incubation of Mac-T cells withE colior its products resulted in increased amounts of IL-1α, IL-8, and TNF-α mRNA. Inhibition of this response by incubation of culture filtrate with polymyxin B suggested that lipopolysaccharide was the main bacterial product that stimulated the cytokine response. The small increase in IL-1β content in Mac-T cells incubated withE colior its products suggested that this cytokine had a smaller role in the Mac-T cell response toE coli. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1590–1597)
Physiologic assessment of blood glucose homeostasis via combined intravenous glucose and insulin testing in horses
Authors: Eiler Hugo , Frank Nicholas , Andrews Frank M. , Oliver Jack W. , Fecteau Kellie A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the physiologic response to IV bolus injection of glucose and insulin for development of a combined glucose-insulin test (CGIT) in horses.Animals—6 healthy mares and 1 mare each with pituitary adenoma and urolithiasis.Procedure—Horses were given a CGIT (glucose, 150 mg/kg; insulin, 0.1 U/kg); results were compared with a singular IV glucose tolerance test (GTT; 150 mg/kg) and a singular IV insulin sensitivity test (IST; 0.1 U/kg). Healthy horses were also given a CGIT after receiving xylazine and undergoing stress.Results—Physiologically, the CGIT resulted in a 2-phase curve with positive (hyperglycemic) and negative (hypoglycemic) portions; the positive phase came first (250% of baseline at 1 minute). The descending segment declined linearly to baseline by approximately 30 minutes and to a nadir at 58% of baseline by 75 minutes. After a 35-minute valley, a linear ascent to baseline began. Addition of insulin in the CGIT increased glucose utilization by approximately 4.5 times during the positive phase but not during the negative phase. The diseases' effects and experimental inhibition of insulin secretion with xylazine and stress were detectable by use of the 2 phases of the CGIT. Only a single positive phase resulted from the GTT and a single negative phase from the IST.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The CGIT resulted in a consistent, well-defined glycemia profile, which can be disrupted experimentally or by a disease process. The CGIT has clinical potential because it provides integrated information and more information than either the singular GTT or IST. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1598–1604)
Assessment of a von Frey device for evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of morphine and its application in pharmacodynamic modeling of morphine in dogs
Authors: KuKanich Butch , Lascelles B. Duncan X. , Papich Mark G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To assess the use of a von Frey device as a mechanical nociceptive stimulus for evaluation of the antinociceptive effects of morphine in dogs and its potential application in the pharmacodynamic modeling of morphine in that species.Animals—6 healthy Beagles.Procedure—von Frey thresholds were measured in all dogs before and at intervals after they received no treatment (control dogs) and IV administration of morphine sulfate (1 mg/kg; treated dogs) in a crossover study. The von Frey device consisted of a rigid tip (0.5 mm in diameter) and an electronic load cell; the operator was unaware of recorded measurements.Results—Application of the von Frey device was simple and well tolerated by all dogs and caused no apparent tissue damage. No significant changes in thresholds were detected in the control dogs at 8 hourly measurements, indicating a lack of acquired tolerance, learned aversion, or local hyperalgesia. When assessed as a group, treated dogs had significantly high thresholds for 4 hours following morphine administration, compared with baseline values; individually, thresholds decreased to baseline values within (mean ± SE) 2.8 ± 0.6 hours. The maximal effect (change from baseline values) was 213 ± 43%, and the plasma morphine concentration to achieve 50% maximal effect was 13.92 ± 2.39 ng/mL.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data suggest that, in dogs, evaluation of the antinociceptive effect and pharmacodynamic modeling of a dose of morphine sulfate (1 mg/kg, IV) can be successfully achieved by use of a von Frey device. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1616–1622)
Functional adaptation through changes in regional biochemical characteristics during maturation of equine superficial digital flexor tendons
Authors: Lin Yi-lo , Brama Pieter A. J. , Kiers Geesje H. , DeGroot Jeroen , Weeren P. René van 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To quantify and compare biochemical characteristics of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of specimens harvested from tensional and compressive regions of the superficial digital flexor tendon (SDFT) of horses in age classes that include neonates to mature horses.Sample Population—Tendon specimens were collected on postmortem examination from 40 juvenile horses (0, 5, 12, and 36 months old) without macroscopically visible signs of tendonitis.Procedure—Central core specimens of the SDFT were obtained with a 4-mm-diameter biopsy punch from 2 loaded sites, the central part of the midmetacarpal region and the central part of the midsesamoid region. Biochemical characteristics of the collagenous ECM content (ie, collagen, hydroxylysylpyridinoline crosslink, and pentosidine crosslink concentrations and percentage of degraded collagen) and noncollagenous ECM content (percentage of water and glycosaminoglycans, DNA, and hyaluronic acid concentrations) were measured.Results—The biochemical composition of equine SDFT was not homogeneous at birth with respect to DNA, glycosaminoglycans, and pentosidine concentrations. For most biochemical variables, the amounts present at birth were dissimilar to those found in mature horses. Fast and substantial changes in all components of the matrix occurred in the period of growth and development after birth.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Unlike cartilage, tendon tissue is not biochemically blank (ie, homogeneous) at birth. However, a process of functional adaptation occurs during maturation that changes the composition of equine SDFT from birth to maturity. Understanding of the maturation process of the juvenile equine SDFT may be useful in developing exercise programs that minimize tendon injuries later in life that result from overuse. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1623–1629)
Evaluation of a lithium dilution cardiac output technique as a method for measurement of cardiac output in anesthetized cats
Authors: Beaulieu Kim E. , Kerr Carolyn L. , McDonell Wayne N. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of a lithium dilution cardiac output (LiDCO) technique for measurement of CO and determine the agreement between LiDCO and thermodilution CO (TDCO) values in anesthetized cats.Animals—6 mature cats.Procedure—Cardiac output in isoflurane-anesthetized cats was measured via each technique. To induce different rates of CO in each cat, anesthesia was maintained at > 1.5X end-tidal minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane and at 1.3X endtidal isoflurane MAC with or without administration of dobutamine (1 to 3 µg/kg/min, IV). At least 2 comparisons between LiDCO and TDCO values were made at each CO rate. The TDCO indicator was 1.5 mL of 5% dextrose at room temperature; with the LiDCO technique, each cat received 0.005 mmol of lithium/kg (concentration, 0.015 mmol/mL). Serum lithium concentrations were measured prior to the first and following the last CO determination.Results—35 of 47 recorded comparisons were analyzed; via linear regression analysis (LiDCO vs TDCO values), the coefficient of determination was 0.91. The mean bias (TDCO-LiDCO) was –4 mL/kg/min (limits of agreement, –35.8 to +27.2 mL/kg/min). The concordance coefficient was 0.94. After the last CO determination, serum lithium concentration was < 0.1 mmol/L in each cat.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated a strong relationship and good agreement between LiDCO and TDCO values; the LiDCO method appears to be a practical, relatively noninvasive method for measurement of CO in anesthetized cats. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1639–1645).
In vitro evaluation of canine and feline calcium oxalate urolith fragility via shock wave lithotripsy
Authors: Adams Larry G. , Williams James C. , McAteer James A. , Hatt Erin K. , Lingeman James E. , Osborne Carl A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To test the hypothesis that feline calcium oxalate uroliths are intrinsically more resistant to comminution via shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) than canine calcium oxalate uroliths through comparison of the fragility of canine and feline uroliths in a quantitative in vitro test system.Sample Population—Calcium oxalate uroliths (previously obtained from dogs and cats) were matched by size and mineral composition to create 7 pairs of uroliths (1 canine and 1 feline urolith/pair).Procedure—Uroliths were treated in vitro with 100 shock waves (20 kV; 1 Hz) by use of an electrohydraulic lithotripter. Urolith fragmentation was quantitatively assessed via determination of the percentage increase in projected area (calculated from the digital image area of each urolith before and after SWL).Results—After SWL, canine uroliths (n = 7) fragmented to produce a mean ± SD increase in image area of 238 ± 104%, whereas feline uroliths (7) underwent significantly less fragmentation (mean image area increase of 78 ± 97%). The post-SWL increase in fragment image area in 4 of 7 feline uroliths was < 50%, whereas it was > 150% in 6 of 7 canine uroliths.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate that feline calcium oxalate uroliths are less susceptible to fragmentation via SWL than canine calcium oxalate uroliths. In some cats, SWL may not be efficacious for fragmentation of calcium oxalate nephroliths or ureteroliths because the high numbers of shock waves required to adequately fragment the uroliths may cause renal injury. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1651–1654)
Randomized, controlled study of inhaled fluticasone propionate, oral administration of prednisone, and environmental management of horses with recurrent airway obstruction
Authors: Couëtil Laurent L. , Chilcoat Clayton D. , DeNicola Denis B. , Clark Shawn P. , Glickman Nita W. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether administration of glucocorticoids provides additional benefits to environmental management of horses with recurrent airway obstruction (RAO).Animals—28 horses with RAO.Procedure—Horses were classified as having mild, moderate, or severe RAO. Within each category, horses were randomly assigned to receive inhaled fluticasone propionate, inhaled control substance, or oral administration of prednisone. During the 4- week study, horses were maintained outdoors and fed a pelleted feed. Clinical scores, pulmonary function, results of cytologic examination of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and adrenal gland function were determined before and 2 and 4 weeks after initiation of treatment.Results—Clinical score and pulmonary function of all RAO-affected horses improved during the treatment period. After 4 weeks, clinical scores and pulmonary function of horses treated with a glucocorticoid were not different from those for the control treatment. In horses with severe RAO, treatment with fluticasone for 2 weeks resulted in significantly greater improvement in pulmonary function, compared with pulmonary function after treatment with prednisone or the control substance. Treatment with a glucocorticoid for 4 weeks and a low-dust environment did not have any effect on cellular content of BALF. Treatment with prednisone for 2 weeks resulted in a significant decrease in serum cortisol concentration, compared with concentrations after administration of fluticasone or the control substance.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Environmental management is the most important factor in the treatment of horses with RAO. Early treatment with inhaled fluticasone can help accelerate recovery of horses with severe RAO. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1665–1674)
Products resulting from cleavage of the interglobular domain of aggrecan in samples of synovial fluid collected from dogs with early- and late-stage osteoarthritis
Authors: Innes John F. , Little Chris B. , Hughes Clare E. , Caterson Bruce 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To investigate interglobular domain (IGD) cleavage of aggrecan in dogs with naturally developing osteoarthritis (OA).Sample Population—Samples of synovial fluid (SF) obtained from 3 cubital (elbow) joints and 3 stifle joints of 4 clinically normal dogs, 24 elbow joints of 12 dogs with early-stage OA, 8 stifle joints of 5 dogs with early-stage OA, and 10 stifle joints of 9 dogs with latestage OA.Procedure—Fractions of SF were assayed for total glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content and also subjected to western blot analysis by use of monoclonal antibodies against neoepitopes generated by cleavage of the IGD of the aggrecan protein core by matrix metalloproteinase (MMP; BC-14) and aggrecanase (BC-3).Results—Total GAG content of SF from joints of clinically normal dogs did not differ from that of dogs with early-stage OA. The GAG content of SF from joints of dogs with late-stage OA was significantly lower, compared with GAG content for other SF samples. Aggrecanase-generated fragments were detected in SF from all groups but not in all samples. Matrix metalloproteinase– generated fragments were not detected in any SF samples. In early-stage OA, high-molecularweight aggrecanase-generated aggrecan catabolites were evident.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—GAG content of SF obtained from dogs with late-stage OA is significantly decreased, suggesting proteoglycan depletion of cartilage. Aggrecanases, but not MMPs, are the major proteolytic enzymes responsible for IGD cleavage of aggrecan in canine joints. Analyses of SF samples to detect aggrecanase-generated catabolites may provide an early biomarker for discriminating early- and latestage OA in dogs. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1679–1685)
Development of a physiologic-based pharmacokinetic model for estimating sulfamethazine concentrations in swine and application to prediction of violative residues in edible tissues
Authors: Buur Jennifer L. , Baynes Ronald E. , Craigmill Arthur L. , Riviere Jim E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To develop a flow-limited, physiologicbased pharmacokinetic model for use in estimating concentrations of sulfamethazine after IV administration to swine.Sample Population—4 published studies provided physiologic values for organ weights, blood flows, clearance, and tissue-to-blood partition coefficients, and 3 published studies provided data on plasma and other tissue compartments for model validation.Procedure—For the parent compound, the model included compartments for blood, adipose, muscle, liver, and kidney tissue with an extra compartment representing the remaining carcass. Compartments for the N-acetyl metabolite included the liver and the remaining body. The model was created and optimized by use of computer software. Sensitivity analysis was completed to evaluate the importance of each constant on the whole model. The model was validated and used to estimate a withhold interval after an IV injection at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The withhold interval was compared to the interval estimated by the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank (FARAD).Results—Specific tissue correlations for plasma, adipose, muscle, kidney, and liver tissue compartments were 0.93, 0.86, 0.99, 0.94, and 0.98, respectively. The model typically overpredicted concentrations at early time points but had excellent accuracy at later time points. The withhold interval estimated by use of the model was 120 hours, compared with 100 hours estimated by FARAD.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of this model enabled accurate prediction of sulfamethazine pharmacokinetics in swine and has applications for food safety and prediction of drug residues in edible tissues. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:1686–1693)
Use of a Bayesian risk-mapping technique to estimate spatial risks for mare reproductive loss syndrome in Kentucky
Authors: Thompson James A. , Brown II Stuart E. , Riddle W. Thomas , Seahorn Janyce C. , Cohen Noah D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To estimate spatial risks associated with
mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS) during
2001 among horses in a specific study population and
partition the herd effects into those attributable to
herd location and those that were spatially random
and likely attributable to herd management.

Animals—Pregnant broodmares from 62 farms in 7
counties in central Kentucky.

Procedure—Veterinarians provided the 2001 abortion
incidence proportions for each farm included in the
study. Farms were georeferenced and data were analyzed
by use of a fully Bayesian risk-mapping technique.

Results—Large farm-to-farm variation in MRLS incidence
proportions was identified. The farm-to-farm
variation was largely attributed to spatial location
rather than to spatially random herd effects

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicate
that there are considerable data to support an
ecologic cause and potential ecologic risk factors for
MRLS. Veterinary practitioners with more detailed
knowledge of the ecology in the 7 counties in
Kentucky that were investigated may provide additional
data that would assist in the deduction of the
causal factor of MRLS via informal geographic information
systems analyses and suggest factors for
inclusion in further investigations. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:17–20)