bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reduced‐intensity allogeneic transplantation in patients with refractory or progressive Hodgkin's disease after high‐dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell infusion
Authors: Todisco Elisabetta , Castagna Luca , Sarina Barbara , Mazza Rita , Anastasia Antonella , Balzarotti Monica , Banna Giuseppe , Tirelli Umberto , Soligo Davide , Santoro Armando 
Published: January 2007

Abstract Background: We analysed the feasibility and efficacy of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) with reduced‐intensity conditioning (RIC) in patients with refractory or progressive Hodgkin's disease (HD) after high‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT). Patients and methods: Fourteen patients with HD received allo‐SCT with RIC: eleven patients had a human leucocytes antigen‐identical related donor and three a matched unrelated donor. Six had chemoresistant disease and eight had chemosensitive one at the time of transplantation. All patients received a fludarabine‐based RIC. Results: All patients engrafted and full donor chimerism was achieved in all patients. Grade II acute graft‐vs.‐host disease (GvHD) developed in six of the 14 patients (43%). Chronic GvHD developed in eight of the 13 patients (61%). There was neither early nor late treatment‐related mortality (TRM). With a median follow‐up of 21 months (range 3–74), 10 of the 14 patients were alive (71%). Estimated overall survival at 1 and 2 yr was 93% and 73%, respectively, for the whole population, 83% and 44% respectively for patients with chemoresistant disease and 100% for those with chemosensitive disease. Estimated progression‐free survival at 1 yr was 36%; 62.5% for chemosensitive patients and 0% for those with chemoresistant disease. Conclusions: In conclusion, allo‐SCT with fludarabine‐based RIC is a feasible procedure, without TRM in HD patients relapsed and refractory after HDCT. Even if several questions are still open, this approach should proposed for these poor prognosis patients.
Views from the Other Side: Transatlantic Literature and Cultural Exchange
Authors: Macpherson Heidi Slettedahl 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article explores a range of literary texts, including novels and travel memoirs, to examine how transatlantic literature engages with issues of reading and misreading in relation to both national and individual identity. It explores self‐consciously transatlantic texts and maps the emergence of critical debates around transatlantic literature.
The Victorian Literature of Fear
Authors: Briefel Aviva 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article examines the prolific field of literary criticism on the Victorian gothic. It begins by offering a brief history of the genre and by delineating differences between its eighteenth‐ and nineteenth‐century manifestations. The article then isolates major critical discussions on the important triad of anxiety, monstrosity, and identity, focusing primarily on the last fifteen years. Among the most promising developments are recent interventions from queer theory, postcolonial studies, and economic theory. The final part of the article offers suggestions for future research, calling for a balance between a particularizing and expansive approach to the gothic.
Struggling Toward Success: Jesuit Education in Italy, 1540–1600
Authors: Carlsmith Christopher 
Published: January 2007

In a letter to his Jesuit superior in the spring of 1558, John Paul Nicolas, S.J., described a recent argument with the bishop of Perugia:The other day, Tuesday, I breakfasted with his Reverence the Bishop of Perugia; and he said to me that it was important to him and to everyone in Perugia that our school read the Latin grammar book of Christopher Sasso [a professor of rhetoric at the University of Perugia], because when they had seen that we read this and other grammars, they would be very friendly to us and in this way much rancor would be avoided. I responded to him: “Monsignor, being that there are so many grammar books as good as that of Sasso, it does not seem necessary to me to change, especially if Sasso's is no different than the others.” He said: “So much the better that they are not different, it will not be troublesome to you.” I repeated to him that such changes did not seem to me to be a good idea. He said: “Look, it will not be disliked,” adding that he had had experience with it in the past.
Rhetoric vs. Reality: The Fundraising Messages of the United Negro College Fund in the Immediate Aftermath of theBrownDecision
Authors: Gasman Marybeth 
Published: January 2007

When the Supreme Court handed down its historic decision in the Spring of 1954, there was a rash of predictions and advocacies of the demise of Negro institutions of higher education. Relaxed and sober discussion and analysis have brought more sophistication relative to this group of colleges and universities.—Robert C. Weaver, 1960
High Genetic Stability of Integrons in Clinical Isolates of
Shigella
spp. of Worldwide Origin
Authors: Dubois Véronique , Parizano Marie-Pierre , Arpin Corinne , Coulange Laure , Bezian Marie-Christine , Quentin Claudine 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Over a 12-year period, 68
Shigella
strains (31
S. sonnei
, 30
S. flexneri
, 4
S. dysenteriae
, and 3
S. boydii
strains) were collected in a French University Hospital from the stools of patients who generally had a recent history of travel to various parts of the world (91%), particularly Africa (67%). These strains were often resistant (streptomycin, spectinomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfonamides, 66 to 84%; ampicillin and chloramphenicol, 34 to 38%; nalidixic acid, 4%) and even multiresistant (87%), and they generally carried integrons (81%) of class 1 (21%), class 2 (47%), or both (13%). Class 1 integrons were associated with ampicillin resistance due to the production of an OXA-30 β-lactamase in
S. flexneri
and
S. dysenteriae
. Class 2 integrons were associated with trimethoprim resistance in
S. sonnei
. Class 1 and class 2 integrons were inserted within transposons Tn
21
and Tn
7
, respectively, themselves located on the bacterial chromosome, except in one strain. Class 1 integrons showed an atypical organization consisting of the insertion sequence IS
1
at the 3′ end instead of the typical 3′ conserved segment and two
bla
OXA-30
and
aadA1
gene cassettes, despite the absence of epidemiological relationships between the strains, and an apparently functional integrase. Class 2 integrons showed the same albeit classical organization with the three
dfrA1
,
sat
, and
aadA1
gene cassettes. Occasionally, the 3′ end was deleted and the
aadA1
gene cassette was unexpressed. Thus, integrons contributed only in part to the multidrug resistance of the
Shigella
strains. The highly conserved organization of integrons might be related to their location within mobile genetic superstructures.
Novel In Vivo Model for the Study of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transcription Inhibitors: Evaluation of New 6-Desfluoroquinolone Derivatives
Authors: Stevens Miguel , Pollicita Michela , Pannecouque Christophe , Verbeken Erik , Tabarrini Oriana , Cecchetti Violetta , Aquaro Stefano , Perno Carlo Federico , Fravolini Arnaldo , De Clercq Erik , Schols Dominique , Balzarini Jan 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT
Two novel 6-desfluoroquinolone derivatives, HM-12 and HM-13, were evaluated for anti-human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) activity in acutely, chronically, and latently HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected cell cultures and were found to behave as potent HIV-1 transcription inhibitors. In order to extend this result in vivo, we developed an artificial hu-SCID mouse model for HIV-1 latency based on SCID mice engrafted with latently HIV-1-infected promyelocytic OM-10.1 cells in which HIV-1 can be reactivated in vivo by the administration of human tumor necrosis factor alpha (hTNF-α). Treating these SCID mice with HM-12 or HM-13 prior to hTNF-α stimulation resulted in a pronounced suppressive effect on viral reactivation. Since both quinolone derivatives were able to inhibit the reactivation of HIV-1 from this artificial viral reservoir in vivo, we provide encouraging evidence for the use of quinolones in the control of HIV-1 infections.
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
B21060 Suppresses Human T-Cell Proliferation
Authors: Peluso Ilaria , Fina Daniele , Caruso Roberta , Stolfi Carmine , Caprioli Flavio , Fantini Massimo Claudio , Caspani Giorgio , Grossi Enzo , Di Iorio Laura , Paone Francesco Maria , Pallone Francesco , Monteleone Giovanni 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT

Recent studies have shown that probiotics are beneficial in T-cell-mediated inflammatory diseases. The molecular mechanism by which probiotics work remains elusive, but accumulating evidence indicates that probiotics can modulate immune cell responses. Since T cells express receptors for bacterial products or components, we examined whether different strains of lactobacilli directly regulate the functions of human T cells. CD4
+
T cells were isolated from blood and intestinal lamina propria (LP) of normal individuals and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Mononuclear cells were also isolated from Peyer's patches. Cells were activated with anti-CD3/CD2/CD28 in the presence or absence of
Lactobacillus paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
B21060,
L. paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
F19, or
L. casei
subsp.
casei
DG. Cell proliferation and death, Foxp3, intracellular pH, and cytokine production were evaluated by flow cytometry. We showed that
L. paracasei
subsp.
paracasei B21060
but neither
L. paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
F19 nor
L. casei
subsp.
casei
DG inhibited blood CD4
+
T-cell growth. This effect was associated with no change in cell survival, expression of Foxp3, or production of gamma interferon, interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-10.
L. paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
B21060-mediated blockade of CD4
+
T-cell proliferation required a viable bacterium and was associated with decreased MCT-1 expression and low intracellular pH.
L. paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
B21060 also inhibited the growth of Peyer's patch mononuclear cells, normal lymphocytes, and IBD CD4
+
LP lymphocytes without affecting cytokine production. The data show that
L. paracasei
subsp.
paracasei
B21060 blocks T-cell growth, thus suggesting a mechanism by which these probiotics could interfere with T-cell-driven immune responses.
Satellite and Buoy Observations of Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Variability in the Tropical Northeast Pacific
Authors: Maloney Eric D. , Esbensen Steven K. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Tropical intraseasonal variability in the eastern North Pacific during June–September of 2000–03 is analyzed using satellite and buoy observations. Quick Scatterometer ocean vector winds and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation indicate that periods of anomalous surface westerly flow over the east Pacific warm pool during a summertime intraseasonal oscillation (ISO) life cycle are generally associated with an enhancement of convection to the east of 120°W. An exception is a narrow band of suppressed precipitation along 8°N that is associated with negative column-integrated precipitable water anomalies and anticyclonic vorticity anomalies. Periods of surface easterly anomalies are generally associated with suppressed convection to the east of 120°W. Summertime wind jets in the Gulfs of Tehuantepec and Papagayo exhibit heightened activity during periods of ISO easterly anomalies and suppressed convection. Strong variations in east Pacific warm pool wind speed occur in association with the summertime ISO. Anomalous ISO westerly flow is generally accompanied by enhanced wind speed to the east of 120°W, while anomalous easterly flow is associated with suppressed wind speed. Intraseasonal vector wind anomalies added to the climatological flow account for the bulk of the wind speed enhancement in the warm pool during the westerly phase, while the easterly phase shows strong contributions to the negative wind speed anomaly from both intraseasonal vector wind anomalies and suppressed synoptic-scale eddy activity. An analysis using Tropical Atmosphere Ocean buoys and TRMM precipitation suggests that wind–evaporation feedback is important for supporting summertime intraseasonal convection over the east Pacific warm pool. A statistically significant correlation of 0.6 between intraseasonal latent heat flux and precipitation occurs at the 12°N, 95°W buoy. Correlations between precipitation and latent heat flux at the 10°N, 95°W and 8°N, 95°W buoys are positive (0.4), but not statistically significant. Intraseasonal latent heat flux anomalies at all buoys are primarily wind induced. Consistent with the suppressed convection there during the ISO westerly phase, a negative but not statistically significant correlation (−0.3) occurs between precipitation and latent heat flux at the 8°N, 110°W buoy.
Analysis of mitotic phosphorylation of Borealin
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Stiff Andrew C , Date Dipali A , Taylor William R 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Background
The main role of the chromosomal passenger complex is to ensure that Aurora B kinase is properly localized and activated before and during mitosis. Borealin, a member of the chromosomal passenger complex, shows increased expression during G2/M phases and is involved in targeting the complex to the centromere and the spindle midzone, where it ensures proper chromosome segregation and cytokinesis. Borealin has a consensus CDK1 phosphorylation site, threonine 106 and can be phosphorylated by Aurora B Kinase at serine 165 in vitro.

Results
Here, we show that Borealin is phosphorylated during mitosis in human cells. Dephosphorylation of Borealin occurs as cells exit mitosis. The phosphorylated form of Borealin is found in an INCENP-containing complex in mitosis. INCENP-containing complexes from cells in S phase are enriched in the phosphorylated form suggesting that phosphorylation may encourage entry of Borealin into the chromosomal passenger complex. Although Aurora B Kinase is found in complexes that contain Borealin, it is not required for the mitotic phosphorylation of Borealin. Mutation of T106 or S165 of Borealin to alanine does not alter the electrophoretic mobility shift of Borealin. Experiments with cyclohexamide and the phosphatase inhibitor sodium fluoride suggest that Borealin is phosphorylated by a protein kinase that can be active in interphase and mitosis and that the phosphorylation may be regulated by a short-lived phosphatase that is active in interphase but not mitosis.

Conclusion
Borealin is phosphorylated during mitosis. Neither residue S165, T106 nor phosphorylation of Borealin by Aurora B Kinase is required to generate the mitotic, shifted form of Borealin. Suppression of phosphorylation during interphase is ensured by a labile protein, possibly a cell cycle regulated phosphatase.
Experimental validation of novel genes predicted in the un-annotated regions of the Arabidopsis genome
Authors: Moskal William A , Wu Hank C , Underwood Beverly A , Wang Wei , Town Christopher D , Xiao Yongli 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundSeveral lines of evidence support the existence of novel genes and other transcribed units which have not yet been annotated in the Arabidopsis genome. Two gene prediction programs which make use of comparative genomic analysis, Twinscan and EuGene, have recently been deployed on the Arabidopsis genome. The ability of these programs to make use of sequence data from other species has allowed both Twinscan and EuGene to predict over 1000 genes that are intergenic with respect to the most recent annotation release. A high throughput RACE pipeline was utilized in an attempt to verify the structure and expression of these novel genes.Results1,071 un-annotated loci were targeted by RACE, and full length sequence coverage was obtained for 35% of the targeted genes. We have verified the structure and expression of 378 genes that were not present within the most recent release of the Arabidopsis genome annotation. These 378 genes represent a structurally diverse set of transcripts and encode a functionally diverse set of proteins.ConclusionWe have investigated the accuracy of the Twinscan and EuGene gene prediction programs and found them to be reliable predictors of gene structure in Arabidopsis. Several hundred previously un-annotated genes were validated by this work. Based upon this information derived from these efforts it is likely that the Arabidopsis genome annotation continues to overlook several hundred protein coding genes.
Orientation relations between four phases of AgI
Authors: Sowa Heidrun 
Published: January 2007

Starting with wurtzite-type single crystals, AgI was investigated at room temperature and pressures up to 0.5 GPa by means of a polarizing light microscope and with the precession technique. Distinct orientation relations were observed between four different AgI phases that occur suc cessively under increasing pressure. At 0.35 GPa a reverse-obverse (111) twin of zincblende-type AgI is formed with twin plane parallel to the (001) plane of the wurtzite-type structure. The antilitharge type of AgI occurs at 0.39 GPa. Its tetragonal [001] direction runs parallel to one of the (100) directions of the zincblende type. At almost the same pres sure the transformation to the NaCl-type form takes place. This AgI modification shows also twinning on (111) and the basis vectors are oriented parallel to those of the zincblende type. The transition between the zincblende- and the anti litharge-type phase shows a hysteresis: The back transfor mation occurs at 0.35 GPa. NaCl-type AgI transforms di rectly to the zincblende-type form at approximately 0.2 GPa when pressure is released.The observed orientation relations between zincblende-, antilitharge- and NaCl-type AgI support transition mecha nisms that have been proposed earlier [Keen & Hull, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter5(1993) 23–32].
Meadow Fescue and Tetraploid Perennial Ryegrass—Two New Species for Overseeding Dormant Bermudagrass Turf
Authors: Richardson M. D. , Hignight K. W. , Walker R. H. , Rodgers C. A. , Rush D. , McCalla J. H. , Karcher D. E. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTBermudagrass (Cynodon spp.) is often overseeded with a cool‐season turfgrass to provide a green, actively growing surface for winter and early‐spring sporting activities. Two grass species that have not been tested for overseeding include tetraploid (2n = 4x = 28) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis Huds.). The objectives of this study were to test these two species in comparison to three standard overseeding species [diploid perennial ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass (L. perenne × L. multiflorum Lam.), and Poa trivialis L.] in three environments; Maricopa, AZ (arid), Fayetteville, AR (transition zone), and Auburn, AL (humid, subtropical). At all locations, overseeding grasses were seeded into dormant bermudagrass turf and managed according to standard overseeding practices. The tetraploid ryegrass had equal or superior turfgrass quality to all other overseeding species except the diploid ryegrass. Meadow fescue produced similar turfgrass quality to intermediate ryegrass and tetraploid ryegrass at Arkansas and Alabama, but had lower turf quality scores in Arizona. The meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass transitioned more quickly back to bermudagrass compared to the diploid ryegrass, intermediate ryegrass, and P. trivialis, which would be very favorable aspects of these new overseeding grasses. These trials clearly demonstrate the potential of two new species, meadow fescue and tetraploid ryegrass, for overseeding dormant bermudagrass turf.
The Incest of Amnon and Tamar
Authors: Rank Otto 
Published: January 2007

In the Spanish drama the most important role, next to that of the homosexually tinged motif of disguise, is that of the love of siblings. Particularly so with Lope de Vega, whose parents died when he was extremely young; since he grew up with his sister Isabel and one brother, it is understandable that the parental complex could be replaced in him to such a dominant degree by the sibling complex. It may be remarked that Lope's first wife was also named Isabel, which will not seem accidental in the light of name-determination, and we may point to the circumstance, certainly significant for the psychic life of the dramatist, that his brother, wounded in a sea fight in 1588, died in his arms.In Lope's play The Outrageous Saint (La fianza satisfecha) a young Sicilian named Leonido, whose every crime is committed out of the sheer love of sinning, attempts to rape his married sister.
The Madwoman of Chaillot: A Modern Masque
Authors: Brée Germaine 
Published: January 2007

Until the curtain went up on The Madwoman of Chaillot in December 1945, Louis Jouvet, the producer and Giraudoux’ close collaborator since the production of Siegfried (1928), was tortured by uncertainty as to its reception. It was his opening play after a prolonged five-year absence from Paris. There were almost insuperable material difficulties, during this immediately post-war winter, in staging a play which requires some fifty highly fantastic characters to appear on stage. More serious, still, Jouvet suffered from the absence of Giraudoux who had unobtrusively died the year before, leaving his friend alone to select which of the two and sometimes three or more versions of scenes in the play was definitely to be adopted.But most serious of all, the mood of The Madwoman of Chaillot, its lightness of touch, its colorful fantasy and ease seemed alien to the atmosphere of the day.
The Approach to the Spanish Drama of the Golden Age
Authors: Parker A. A. 
Published: January 2007

By the “approach” to the drama of the Golden Age I mean a guide to its understanding. I have thought that some remarks on this subject might be useful because the drama has not yet been satisfactorily handled in any histories of Spanish literature. This is mainly due, I believe, to the fact that our conceptions of what a play is and how it should be approached are derived from our inherited notions of the classical and Shakespearian dramas, and from the realistic theatre of more modern times, whereas Spanish literature offers us a form of drama that is in many respects different from any of these.The Spanish drama of this period is not, of course, uniform in technique; there are very great differences between the last plays of Calderón and the first of Lope.
The Classic Theatre
Authors: Bentley Eric 
Published: January 2007

My anthology The Modern Theatre — five volumes in Anchor Books—is made up of plays written between 1830 and 1950. The première of Victor Hugo's Hernani in 1830 has always been considered a landmark, though closer to my own thoughts were Musset, Büchner, and Gogol, all of whom wrote plays in the early eighteen thirties.That anthology, readers will agree, was not just another bundle of famous plays. On the contrary, justly famous items—and unjustly famous ones—were omitted. Famous authors like O'Casey and Anouilh were represented only by non-famous works. It was an anthology of protest—against the standardization of the repertoire. For our theatres limit their range even more than our orchestras and our museums do. My anthology was issued in the hope of persuading some of them to look at other things, other kinds of things. The volumes serve a purpose even if that hope is vain.
The Ascension of John Osborne
Authors: Marowitz Charles 
Published: January 2007

If one looks closely at the crotchety, constipated, hypercritical figure of Martin Luther in John Osborne's newest play, one is forcibly reminded of that fuming British malcontent, Jimmy Porter; a protestant who bitched against the Welfare State as vehemently as the theologian wrangled with the Pope. The similarities do not end there.Despite the jump in time, the clerical context and the change of venue, the play is not (as has been charged here) a departure for Osborne. There is a clear link-up between Luther's sixteenth-century Germany and our time. In both, the sense of cosmic imminence is very strong. “The Last Judgement isn't to come. It's here and now,” says Luther, and the doomsday-mountain-squatters and the nuclear-psychotics echo his words.