bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A CD25-biased interleukin-2 for autoimmune therapy engineered via a semi-synthetic organism
Authors: Ptacin Jerod L. , Ma Lina , Caffaro Carolina E. , Acuff Nicole V. , Germar Kristine , Severy Peter , Qu Yanyan , Vela Jose-Luis , Cai Xinming , San Jose Kristine M. , Aerni Hans R. , Chen David B. , Esche Ean , Ismaili Taylor K. , Herman Rob , Pavlova Yelena , Pena Michael J. , Nguyen Jasmine , Koriazova Lilia K. , Shawver Laura K. , Joseph Ingrid B. , Mooney Jill , Peakman Mark , Milla Marcos E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Natural cytokines are poorly suited as therapeutics for systemic administration due to suboptimal pharmacological and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties. Recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) has shown promise for treatment of autoimmune (AI) disorders yet exhibits short systemic half-life and opposing immune responses that negate an appropriate therapeutic index.

Methods
A semi-synthetic microbial technology platform was used to engineer a site-specifically pegylated form of rhIL-2 with enhanced PK, specificity for induction of immune-suppressive regulatory CD4 + T cells (Tregs), and reduced stimulation of off-target effector T and NK cells. A library of rhIL-2 molecules was constructed with single site-specific, biorthogonal chemistry-compatible non-canonical amino acids installed near the interface where IL-2 engages its cognate receptor βγ (IL-2Rβγ) signaling complex. Biorthogonal site-specific pegylation and functional screening identified variants that retained engagement of the IL-2Rα chain with attenuated potency at the IL-2Rβγ complex.

Results
Phenotypic screening in mouse identifies SAR444336 (SAR’336; formerly known as THOR-809), rhIL-2 pegylated at H16, as a potential development candidate that specifically expands peripheral CD4+ Tregs with upregulation of markers that correlate with their suppressive function including FoxP3, ICOS and Helios, yet minimally expands CD8 + T or NK cells. In non-human primate, administration of SAR’336 also induces dose-dependent expansion of Tregs and upregulated suppressive markers without significant expansion of CD8 + T or NK cells. SAR’336 administration reduces inflammation in a delayed-type hypersensitivity mouse model, potently suppressing CD4+ and CD8 + T cell proliferation.

Conclusion
SAR’336 is a specific Treg activator, supporting its further development for the treatment of AI diseases.
Liver ChREBP deficiency inhibits fructose-induced insulin resistance in pregnant mice and female offspring
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Zhang Shuang , Sun Yuyao , Li Jian , Feng Zian , Li Huaxin , Zhang Mengxue , Yan Tengteng , Han Jihong , Duan Yajun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh fructose intake during pregnancy increases insulin resistance (IR) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risk. IR during pregnancy primarily results from elevated hormone levels. We aim to determine the role of liver carbohydrate response element binding protein (ChREBP) in insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism in pregnant mice and their offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6J wild-type mice and hepatocyte-specific ChREBP-deficient mice were fed with a high-fructose diet (HFrD) or normal chow diet (NC) pre-delivery. We found that the combination of HFrD with pregnancy excessively activates hepatic ChREBP, stimulating progesterone synthesis by increasing MTTP expression, which exacerbates IR. Increased progesterone levels upregulated hepatic ChREBP via the progesterone-PPARγ axis. Placental progesterone activated the progesterone-ChREBP loop in female offspring, contributing to IR and lipid accumulation. In normal dietary conditions, hepatic ChREBP modestly affected progesterone production and influenced IR during pregnancy. Our findings reveal the role of hepatic ChREBP in regulating insulin sensitivity and lipid homeostasis in both pregnant mice consuming an HFrD and female offspring, and suggest it as a potential target for managing gestational metabolic disorders, including GDM.
Evaluation method for electromagnetic interference complexity of high voltage switch based on feature extraction and GCC‐GRU network
Authors: Lu Wenchao , Duan Jiandong , Cheng Lin , Lu Jiangping , Tao Jiaxin , Yin Jianning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen some new‐type sensors are subjected electromagnetic interference (EMI), the traditional standard can no longer serve as the guidance for their EMI protection. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the complexity of the new sensing equipment's suffering from electromagnetic interference. A hybrid method of feature extraction and complexity evaluation of Electromagnetic Interference signals based on generalised correntropy criterion (GCC) is proposed. First, a variational mode decomposition algorithm for adaptive extraction of decomposed signals is constructed using GCC, and Generalised S‐transform is used for processing and reorganisation. Then, according to the time‐frequency space model, a new quantitative evaluation criterion interference factor is proposed, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional qualitative classification and the inability to solve the cross classification of indicators. Then, the Gated Recurrent Unit is introduced, and the GCC‐GRU evaluation model with GCC as the loss function is derived. The authors conduct EMI tests and measured signal evaluation with Medium Voltage and High Voltage switches, and the results show that the method proposed is correct and effective.
MSFA: Multi‐stage feature aggregation network for multi‐label image recognition
Authors: Chen Jiale , Xu Feng , Zeng Tao , Li Xin , Chen Shangjing , Yu Jie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMulti‐label image recognition (MLR) is a significant branch of image classification that aims to assign multiple categorical labels to each input. Previous research has focused on enhancing the learning of category‐related regional features. However, the potential impact of multi‐scale distributions in intra‐ and inter‐category targets on MLR tends to be neglected. Besides, semantic consistency for categories is restricted to be considered on single‐scale features, resulting in suboptimal feature extraction. To address the limitations of above, a Multi‐stage Feature Aggregation (MSFA) network is proposed. In MSFA, a novel local feature extraction method is suggested to progressively extract category‐related high‐resolution local features in both spatial and channel dimensions. Subsequently, local and global features are fused without additional up‐ and down‐sampling to enrich the scale diversity of the features while incorporating refined class‐specific information. Furthermore, a hierarchical prediction scheme for MLR is proposed, which generates classification confidence corresponding to different scales under hierarchical loss supervision. Consequently, the final output of the network comes from the joint prediction by the classifiers on multi‐scale features, ensuring a stronger feature extraction capability. The extensive experiments have been carried on VOC and MS‐COCO datasets, and the superiority of MSFA over existing mainstream methods has been verified.
Noncontact estimation of the onset of ice accretion in turbofan stators
Authors: Saleh Khalid , Leis John , Buttsworth David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe problem of crystal ice formation inside aircraft turbine engines is well‐documented, and poses a significant risk to safety. The problem is not only one of power loss in flight, but the very real possibility that a flame‐out event could occur due to ice accretion on compressor stators, with potentially catastrophic outcomes. Although many instrumentation systems have been developed for wing ice detection, incipient formation of crystal ice is somewhat more difficult to detect. This is compounded by the need for a noncontact sensor which is robust to in‐flight conditions. This paper proposes an approach to the detection of ice formation based on microwave transmission characteristics across the first and possibly the second stage of the compressor stator. It is shown that noncontact detection is feasible under realistic conditions. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, the microwave transmission approach is motivated using wind tunnel measurements, and appropriate frequency bands are determined. Next, a signal processing approach involving higher‐order analysis of time‐frequency distribution characteristics is then put forward. Experimental results are presented to support the hypothesis that multiband detection offers a workable approach to the incipient crystal‐ice detection problem.
The dense and non-homogeneous circumstellar medium revealed in radio wavelengths around the Type Ib SN 2019oys
Authors: Sfaradi I. , Horesh A. , Sollerman J. , Fender R. , Rhodes L. , Williams D. R. A. , Bright J. , Green D. A. , Schulze S. , Gal-Yam A. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Mass loss from massive stars, especially towards the end of their lives, plays a key role in their evolution. Radio emission from core-collapse supernovae (SNe) serves as a probe of the interaction of the SN ejecta with the circumstellar medium (CSM) and can reveal the mass-loss history of the progenitor.
Aims. We aim to present broadband radio observations of the CSM-interacting SN 2019oys. SN 2019oys was first detected in the optical and was classified as a Type Ib SN. Then, ~100 days after discovery, it showed an optical rebrightening and a spectral transition to a spectrum dominated by strong narrow emission lines, which suggests strong interaction with a distant, dense, CSM shell.
Methods. We modelled the broadband, multi-epoch radio spectra, covering 2.2 to 36 GHz and spanning from 22 to 1425 days after optical discovery, as a synchrotron emitting source. Using this modelling, we characterised the shockwave and the mass-loss rate of the progenitor.
Results. Our broadband radio observations show strong synchrotron emission. This emission, as observed 201 and 221 days after optical discovery, exhibits signs of free–free absorption from the material in front of the shock travelling in the CSM. In addition, the steep power law of the optically thin regime points towards synchrotron cooling of the radiating electrons. Analysing these spectra in the context of the SN-CSM interaction model gives a shock velocity of 11 000 km s−1 (for a radius evolution of ~∆t0.8, where ∆t is the time since optical discovery) and an electron number density of 4.1 × 105 cm−3 at a distance of 2.6 × 1016 cm. This translates to a high mass-loss rate from the progenitor massive star of 10−3 M⊙ yr−1 for an assumed wind of 100 km s−1 (assuming a constant mass-loss rate in steady winds). The late-time radio spectra, 392 and 557 days after optical discovery, show broad spectral peaks. We show that this can be explained by introducing a non-homogeneous CSM structure.
Revisiting the abundance pattern and charge-exchange emission in the centre of M 82
Authors: Fukushima K. , Kobayashi S. B. , Matsushita K. 
Published: March 2024

Context. The interstellar medium (ISM) in starburst galaxies contains many chemical elements that are synthesised by core-collapse supernova explosions. By measuring the abundances of these metals, we can study the chemical enrichment within the galaxies and the transportation of metals into the circumgalactic environment through powerful outflows.
Aims. We performed a spectral analysis of the X-ray emissions from the core of M 82 using the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on board XMM-Newton to accurately estimate the metal abundances in the ISM.
Methods. We analysed over 300 ks of RGS data observed with 14 position angles, covering a cross-dispersion width of 80 arcsec. We employed multi-temperature thermal plasma components in collisional ionisation equilibrium (CIE) to reproduce the observed spectra, each of which exhibited a different spatial broadening.
Results. The O VII band CCD image shows a broader distribution that those for the O VIII and Fe-L bands. The O VIII line profiles have a prominent double-peaked structure that corresponds to the north- and southward outflows. The O VII triplet feature exhibits marginal peaks. A single CIE component that is convolved with the O VII band image approximately reproduces the spectral shape. A CIE model combined with a charge-exchange emission model also successfully reproduces the O VII line profiles. However, the ratio of these two components varies significantly with the observed position angles, which is physically implausible. Spectral fitting of the broadband spectra suggests a multi-temperature phase in the ISM that is approximated by three components at 0.1, 0.4, and 0.7 keV. Notably, the 0.1 keV component exhibits a broader distribution than the 0.4 and 0.7 keV plasmas. The derived abundance pattern shows super-solar N/O, solar Ne/O and Mg/O, and half-solar Fe/O ratios. These results indicate the chemical enrichment by core-collapse supernovae in starburst galaxies.
Sublimation of volatiles from H2O:CO2 bulk ices in the context of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Kipfer K. A. , Ligterink N. F. W. , Rubin M. , Altwegg K. , Hänni N. , Müller D. R. , Wurz P. , Galli A. , Wampfler S. F. 
Published: March 2024

Context. Comets are considered to be remnants from the formation of the Solar System. ESA’s Rosetta mission targeted comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko and was able to record high-quality data on its chemical composition and outgassing behaviour, including low abundances of N2 that are observed to be correlated with H2O and CO2 in approximately a 63:37 ratio.
Aims. In this work, the thermal desorption behaviour of N2 in H2O:CO2 ices was studied in the laboratory to investigate the co-desorption behaviour of N2 within the two most abundant cometary ices in 67P and to derive desorbing fractions in different temperature regimes.
Methods. H2O:CO2:N2 ices of various ratios were prepared in a gas mixing system and co-deposited at 15 K onto a copper sample holder. Sublimation of the ice was measured using temperature programmed desorption mass spectrometry. Quantitative values were derived for the fraction of N2 co-desorbing with CO2 and H2O respectively. To validate the results, H2O:CO2:13CO ices were prepared as well.
Results. The experiments show that the co-desorption of N2 with CO2 in H2O:CO2:N2 ices depends on the bulk amount of CO2 present in the ice. The fraction of N2 trapped in H2O reduces as more N2 and CO2 are added to the mixture. CO behaves qualitatively similar to N2, but more CO is found to co-desorb with CO2. To reproduce the ratio of N2 desorbing with H2O over that of CO2 (N2(H2O)/N2(CO2)), our ice analogues need to contain ≥15% CO2, while 67P contains ≤7.5% CO2. Large fractions of N2 can be removed from the ice due to heating up to 70 K, but for ice that most closely resembles that of 67P, the loss fraction of pure phase N2 is expected to be ≤20%. Therefore, N2 is suggested to be a minor carrier of nitrogen in the comet.
The outflowing ionised gas of I Zw 1 observed by HST COS
Authors: Juráňová A. , Costantini E. , Kriss G. A. , Mehdipour M. , Brandt W. N. , Di Gesu L. , Fabian A. C. , Gallo L. , Giustini M. , Rogantini D. , Wilkins D. R. 
Published: March 2024

Aims. We present an analysis of the Hubble Space Telescope Cosmic Origins Spectrograph spectrum of I Zw 1 aiming to probe the absorbing medium associated with the active galactic nucleus (AGN).
Methods. We fitted the emission spectrum and performed spectral analysis of the identified absorption features to derive the corresponding ionic column densities and covering fractions of the associated outflows. We employed photoionisation modelling to constrain the total column density and the ionisation parameter of four detected kinematic components. By investigating the implications of the results together with the observed kinematic properties of both emission and absorption features, we derived constraints on the structure and geometry of the absorbing medium in the AGN environment.
Results. We find and characterise absorption line systems from outflowing ionised gas in four distinct kinematic components, located at −60, −280, −1950, and −2900 km s−1 with respect to the source rest frame. While the two slower outflows are consistent with a full covering of the underlying radiation source, the well-constrained doublet line ratios of the faster two, higher column density, outflows suggest partial covering, with a covering fraction of Cf ∼ 0.4. The faster outflows show also line-locking in the N V doublet, a signature of acceleration via line absorption. This makes I Zw 1 possibly the closest object that shows evidence for hosting line-driven winds. The observed −1950 km s−1 absorption is likely due to the same gas as an X-ray warm absorber. Furthermore, the behaviour in UV and X-ray bands implies that this outflow has a clumpy structure. We find that the highly asymmetric broad emission lines in I Zw 1, indicative of a collimated, outflowing broad line region, are covered by the absorbing gas. Finally, the strongest UV–X-ray absorber may be connected to some of the blueshifted line emission, indicative of a more spatially extended structure of this ionised medium.
Instrumentation de la digue de La Riche : première étape vers un observatoire des interactions sols–climat
Authors: Boussafir Yasmina , Mercadier Dimitri , Saussaye Lucile , Bisson Julien , Patouillard Sébastien , Matynia Anthony , Brulé Christian , Guirado Franck 
Published: March 2024

Le changement climatique a des effets perceptibles sur notre environnement immédiat, que ce soit sur la modification de la météorologie, le niveau d’eau dans les rivières, l’intensité des aléas « inondations », la sévérité des étiages ou les niveaux de nappes phréatiques. Les effets indirects pouvant impacter les ouvrages hydrauliques sont malheureusement rarement quantifiés mais commencent à être documentés. Certains gestionnaires commencent également à se préoccuper de ces effets et souhaitent s’en prémunir. La recherche de nouveaux indicateurs de performance des ouvrages en lien avec les effets du changement climatique nécessite de disposer de données quantitatives. L’article présentera l’observatoire des interactions sols–climat mis en place sur la digue de La Riche grâce au partenariat entre la Dreal Centre–Val-de-Loire, Tours Métropole–Val-de-Loire, la Direction départementale des territoires d’Indre-et-Loire, le Cerema et l’université Gustave Eiffel. Les capteurs mis en place en mars 2023 à l’occasion des travaux d’épaississement de la digue de La Riche permettront d’acquérir des données couplées de sol et de météorologie. Le jeu de capteurs prévu pour le suivi comprend des sondes tensiométriques, des sondes de mesure de teneur en eau volumique et de température, une station météorologique, des piézomètres et une caméra. L’interprétation de ces données devrait enrichir notre compréhension des phénomènes et permettre de développer une doctrine concernant l’adaptation des ouvrages en terre de protection contre les inondations au changement climatique. L’article présente le détail de l’instrumentation mise en œuvre et les objectifs recherchés.
Relation entre morphodynamique fluviale et processus d’érosion interne autour des digues de protection : observation multi-échelle d’une rivière aménagée (Agly, Pyrénées-Orientales)
Authors: Girolami Laurence , Bonelli Stéphane , Valois Rémi , Chaouch Naïm , Burgat Jules , Nicoleau Frédéric 
Published: March 2024

Ce travail porte sur les mécanismes physiques à l’origine des processus d’érosion interne dans les sols de fondation des digues de protection contre les inondations. La présence de matériaux perméables est le plus souvent associée à la présence d’une paléo-vallée comblée de sédiments alluviaux sous le lit de la rivière et sous les digues ou de paléo-chenaux sableux pouvant s’étendre au niveau de la zone protégée. Le cas des digues de l’Agly montre que plusieurs processus d’érosion interne doivent être pris en compte pour décrire ces phénomènes : l’érosion régressive, l’érosion de contact et la suffusion. L’utilisation combinée des méthodes d’induction électromagnétique (EMI) et de tomographie de résistivité électrique (ERT) est une solution rapide et peu coûteuse qui permet d’imager le sol et de fournir la géométrie des différentes couches. Combinées à des sondages carottés, les résultats obtenus permettent de localiser la profondeur des interfaces et de mettre en évidence plusieurs scenarii possibles d’apparition de résurgences, de sand-boils et de fontis en bordure de digue, ou au niveau du val protégé.
Écrans d’étanchéité dans les levées de la Loire : retour d’expérience sur 10 ans de « deep soil mixing »
Authors: Patouillard Sébastien , Saussaye Lucile , Le Kouby Alain , Gervais Loïc 
Published: March 2024

En 2013, la DREAL Centre-Val de Loire a présenté les différentes techniques de renforcement des levées de Loire utilisées depuis la seconde moitié du XX siècle, ainsi que les perspectives attendues de chantiers expérimentaux d’écrans étanches en corps de digues. Ces chantiers ont permis la comparaison de plusieurs techniques de « soil mixing » (2012–2013). En 2019, un premier bilan de ce suivi expérimental à 5 ans ainsi que le retour d’expérience de plusieurs chantiers d’écrans étanches sur les levées de Loire ont été communiqués et présentés. Ces chantiers ont conduit à faire évoluer les approches de conception et de réalisation en exploitant la connaissance des sols (de la digue et de ses fondations) et de la nappe alluviale circulant dans les couches perméables du sous-sol. Depuis lors, les renforcements de digues conduits sur la Loire avec cette technique se sont poursuivis et représentent plus de 32 km. Dans le cadre de travaux de recherche sur la thématique « Vulnérabilité des digues au changement climatique des digues de Loire », un écran a été instrumenté à Montlouis-sur-Loire, en Indre-et-Loire, lors de sa réalisation. L’objet du présent article est de présenter un état des connaissances sur la base des résultats à 10 ans du suivi expérimental (pérennité, rendement, contraintes de mise en œuvre et moyens de contrôle) et de compléter le retour d’expérience sur les chantiers de plus grande ampleur qui ont permis d’adapter la technique (liant ciment ou chaux-ciment, apport en eau, critères de malaxage). L’article présente les conditions dans lesquelles la technique est adaptée mais aussi pointe les limites de son application (types de sols, profondeur, dimension du chantier). Il décrit l’instrumentation à Montlouis-sur-Loire de la levée de Tours Loire amont permettant de mesurer la température et la teneur en eau volumique du matériau sol-ciment en insistant sur deux points : la validation de la méthode d’exécution au moment de la réalisation de l’écran et le choix d’une procédure de suivi pour vérifier la pérennité de ses caractéristiques mécaniques et hydrauliques. L’instrumentation est complétée par 2 piézomètres et une station météorologique. De plus, pour le suivi à long terme, des matériaux ont été prélevés pour tester leur perméabilité. Un carottage dans l’écran a également été effectué 2 ans après sa réalisation et soumis aux mêmes types d’essais.