bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of misreporters of dietary intake and physical activity
Authors: Rasmussen Lone Banke , Matthiessen Jeppe , Biltoft-Jensen Anja , Tetens Inge 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo characterise misreporters of energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE).DesignCross-sectional study, using a validated position and motion instrument, ActiReg®, as the reference method to study misreporters of EI and of EE. EI was measured using a dietary record and EE using a physical activity questionnaire (PAQ). Misreporters were defined as subjects outside the 95% confidence limits of agreement between EI or EE reported/EE measured.SettingFree-living Danish volunteers.SubjectsOne hundred and thirty-eight volunteers aged between 20 and 59 years.ResultsBody mass index, smoking, ‘try to eat healthily’ and worries about weight were related to degree of under-reported EI. The percentage energy from added sugar was lowest (P < 0.001) and the percentage energy from protein (P < 0.001) highest in under-reporters compared with acceptable reporters. Subjects who reported being very physically active at work or in leisure time reported a higher EE than measured EE compared with less physically active subjects (P < 0.05). Likewise, subjects who regard themselves as fit or very fit reported a higher EE than subjects who regard themselves as moderately fit (P < 0.05). Possible over-reporters reported less time as very light activity (P = 0.007), more time as moderate activity (P = 0.01) and more time as vigorous activity (P = 0.02) than acceptable reporters.ConclusionsUnder-reporting of EI should always be taken into consideration; however, only a few characteristics of under-reporters are consistent among studies. Misreporting of EI was more prevalent than misreporting of EE. The level of physical activity more than the time spent involved in various activities was misreported.
An objective examination of consumer perception of nutrition information based on healthiness ratings and eye movements
Authors: Jones Gary , Richardson Miles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectivePrevious research on nutrition labelling has mainly used subjective measures. This study examines the effectiveness of two types of nutrition label using two objective measures: eye movements and healthiness ratings.DesignEye movements were recorded while participants made healthiness ratings for two types of nutrition label: standard and standard plus the Food Standards Agency's ‘traffic light’ concept.SettingUniversity of Derby, UK.SubjectsA total of 92 participants (mean age 31.5 years) were paid for their participation. None of the participants worked in the areas of food or nutrition.ResultsFor the standard nutrition label, participant eye movements lacked focus and their healthiness ratings lacked accuracy. The traffic light system helped to guide the attention of the consumer to the important nutrients and improved the accuracy of the healthiness ratings of nutrition labels.ConclusionsConsumers have a lack of knowledge regarding how to interpret nutrition information for standard labels. The traffic light concept helps to ameliorate this problem by indicating important nutrients to which to pay attention.
Perceptions of weight and associated factors of adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China
Authors: Shi Zumin , Lien Nanna , Nirmal Kumar Bernadette , Holmboe-Ottesen Gerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo describe perceptions of weight of adolescents and associated factors.DesignCross-sectional survey in 2002.SettingEight public middle schools in two distinct socio-economic areas of Jiangsu Province, China.SubjectsEight hundred and twenty-four adolescents (aged 12–14 years) and 628 of their parents.MethodsSelf-administered questionnaires for students and their parents were used to collect the data. Height and weight of the students were measured.ResultsOne-third of the girls perceived themselves as overweight, while only 8.9% were actually overweight or obese according to the World Health Organization definition. On the other hand, 15.0% of the girls considered themselves underweight, while 5.6% were underweight according to the definition. Among the boys, one-fifth of those defined as overweight perceived their weight as normal. Furthermore, 23.9% perceived themselves as underweight when in fact only 4.9% were classified as underweight according to the definition. About one-quarter of the students dieted in the past year. Adolescents who perceived themselves to be overweight dieted and skipped breakfast more often. They also had lower intake frequencies of animal foods, Western foods and milk/yoghurt. No disparity was observed in the intake frequency of fruits and vegetables between the groups of different weight perception. Parents' weight norms seemed to favour overweight in both genders, but especially among boys.ConclusionsBoth overweight and underweight concerns were common among girls, while a higher body weight was favoured by normal-weight boys and their parents. Distorted weight perceptions in adolescents, as well as dieting, are problems that need appropriate intervention.
Comparative Evaluation of Different DNA Extraction Procedures from Food Samples
Authors: Bernardo G. Di , Gaudio S. Del , Galderisi U. , Cascino A. , Cipollaro M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFive methodologies for extracting DNA from food samples are described. The food products analyzed are from either soybean or maize. They were selected on the basis of the mechanical, thermal, and chemical treatments that they had been subjected to during industrial processing. DNA preparations were evaluated for purity, yield, and average fragment size. Two endogenous genes, soybean lectin gene and alcohol dehydrogenase gene (adh1), were used to assess the degree of DNA degradation at different stages of the transformation chain. The goal of this study was to determine the role that extraction methods play in DNA amplification in order to select the best protocol for a food sample. This comparative evaluation can be specifically useful for detection of genetically modified ingredients in a variety of food matrices.
Dual priming oligonucleotide system for the multiplex detection of respiratory viruses and SNP genotyping of CYP2C19 gene
Authors: Chun Jong-Yoon , Kim Kyoung-Joong , Hwang In-Taek , Kim Yun-Jee , Lee Dae-Hoon , Lee In-Kyoung , Kim Jong-Kee 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSuccessful PCR starts with proper priming between an oligonucleotide primer and the template DNA. However, the inevitable risk of mismatched priming cannot be avoided in the currently used primer system, even though considerable time and effort are devoted to primer design and optimization of reaction conditions. Here, we report a novel dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO) which contains two separate priming regions joined by a polydeoxyinosine linker. The linker assumes a bubble-like structure which itself is not involved in priming, but rather delineates the boundary between the two parts of the primer. This structure results in two primer segments with distinct annealing properties: a longer 5′-segment that initiates stable priming, and a short 3′-segment that determines target-specific extension. This DPO-based system is a fundamental tool for blocking extension of non-specifically primed templates, and thereby generates consistently high PCR specificity even under less than optimal PCR conditions. The strength and utility of the DPO system are demonstrated here using multiplex PCR and SNP genotyping PCR.
Improved quality of root fillings provided by general dental practitioners educated in nickel–titanium rotary instrumentation
Authors: Molander A. , Caplan D. , Bergenholtz G. , Reit C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAim  To test the hypothesis that an increased utilization of nickel–titanium rotary instrumentation (NTRI) by general dental practitioners will lead to an increased frequency of good quality root fillings. A second aim was to determine whether the educational format would exert influence on the quality.Methodology  Dentists were assigned at random to three intervention groups: a 4‐h lecture (L‐group, n = 40); a 4‐h lecture plus a full day hands‐on course (LH‐group, n = 40); or a control group receiving no instruction (n = 68). The control group received education later on in the study. Radiographs of two root filled molar teeth per dentist were selected at random before the start of the education program and after a 6‐month clinical learning period. Using length, seal and shape of root‐fillings a 5‐level variable was created.Results  The rate of good quality root fillings increased after the introduction of NTRI. Calculated over all types of roots the frequency of excellent (score 1) root fillings increased from 31% to 51% (P = 0.006) in the L‐group and from 27% to 47% (P = 0.016) in the LH‐group. The frequency of low quality root‐fillings (score 5) dropped in the L‐group from 22% to 16% (P = 0.29) and in the LH‐group from 13% to 9% (P = 0.48). No statistically significant difference was seen among the controls.Conclusions  When NTRI technology replaced manual stainless steel techniques the rate of good quality root fillings increased. A significant drop in the rate of low quality root fillings was not found.
Papulonecrotic tuberculid‐like eruptions after Bacille Calmette‐Guerin vaccination
Authors: TAKADA Tomoaki , YAMASHITA Toshiharu , SATO Makito , KAWAKAMI Yoshiaki , TOMINAGA Akihiro , ONO Ichiro , JIMBOW Mihoko , TSUTSUMI Hiroyuki , JIMBOW Kowichi 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTOne of the specific skin lesions occurring after Bacille Calmette‐Guerin (BCG) vaccination is generalized tuberculid‐like eruptions, which occur rarely, but have a tendency to heal spontaneously. Their pathogenesis and relationship to “true” tuberculids are poorly understood. This report presents a case of a 6‐month‐old girl who developed generalized papulonecrotic tuberculid‐like eruptions after BCG vaccination. The skin lesions healed spontaneously in 3 months. Culture of blood, gastric juice and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) of papulonecrotic skin biopsies were all negative for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Histopathology of papulonecrotic eruptions revealed marked epidermal necrosis, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates and epidermotropic infiltration of lymphocytes showing markers of CD3+ lymphocytes (90–95% of all infiltrating cells), CD4+ (40–50%), CD8+ (40–50%), and CD45RO+ (70%). In contrast, the BCG vaccination site revealed intradermal granuloma with epithelioid cells, occasional giant cells and infiltration of lymphocytes consisting of CD3+ (60–70%), CD4+ (40–50%), CD8+ (30–40%), CD45RO+ (40%), CD79a+ (30–40%), and CD20+ (20–30%). Our patient did not reveal any signs indicative of tuberculosis. Papulonecrotic lesions were therefore called papulonecrotic tuberculid‐like eruptions, rather than tuberculids, that occurred after BCG vaccination and appeared to derive from a hypersensitive reaction mediated by immune lymphocytic infiltration.
Twenty nail dystrophy in vitiligo
Authors: KHANDPUR Sujay , BANSAL Arika , SHARMA Vinod K , BHATTI Sahibinder Singh , SINGH Manoj K 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTTwenty nail dystrophy (TND) is a manifestation of several dermatoses and its association with vitiligo is rare. It may be consequent upon a common autoimmune insult to the melanocytes and the nail matrix. We report a patient of acrofacial vitiligo who developed TND. Nail matrix biopsy revealed focal lichenoid reaction and chronic inflammatory infiltrate in the dermal papillae and around blood vessels. Hematological, biochemical and serological investigations showed no evidence of other autoimmune diseases.
Case of sequentially occurring lesions of facial lichen sclerosus following the lines of Blaschko
Authors: KIM Young Jin , LEE Eun‐So 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTExtragenital lichen sclerosus (LS) is usually asymptomatic and appears as ivory‐ or porcelain‐white macules, papules and plaques. It is most common on the neck, shoulders and upper portion of the trunk. To date, the linear form of extragenital LS corresponding to the lines of Blaschko on the trunk or limbs has been rarely reported. We describe a 25‐year‐old Korean woman with sequentially occurring lesions of extragenital LS confined to the face following the lines of Blaschko.
Treatment setting and baseline substance use severity interact to predict patients' outcomes
Authors: Tiet Quyen Q. , Ilgen Mark A. , Byrnes Hilary F. , Harris Alex H. S. , Finney John W. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTAims  This study tested the hypothesis that patients with more severe substance use disorders (SUDs) at intake respond better when treated in more structured and intensive settings (i.e. in‐patient/residential versus out‐patient), whereas patients with less severe SUD problems have similar outcomes regardless of treatment setting.Design, setting and participants  Up to 50 new patients were selected randomly from each of a random and representative sample of 50 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) SUD treatment programs (total n = 1917 patients), and were followed‐up an average of 6.7 months later (n = 1277).Measures  Patients completed a brief self‐report version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI) at baseline and at follow‐up.Findings  In mixed‐model regression analyses, baseline substance use severity predicted follow‐up substance use severity and there were no main effects of treatment setting. However, interaction effects were found, such that more severe patients experienced better alcohol and drug outcomes following in‐patient/residential treatment versus out‐patient treatment; on the other hand, patients with lower baseline ASI drug severity had better drug outcomes following out‐patient treatment than in‐patient treatment. Treatment setting was unrelated to alcohol outcomes in patients with less severe ASI alcohol scores.Conclusions  Results provide some support to the matching hypothesis that for patients who have higher levels of substance use severity at intake, treatment in in‐patient/residential treatment settings is associated with better outcomes than out‐patient treatment. More research needs to be conducted before in‐patient/residential settings are further reduced as a part of the SUD continuum of care in the United States.
The JAK2 V617F mutation involves B‐ and T‐lymphocyte lineages in a subgroup of patients with Philadelphia‐chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders
Authors: Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Christensen Jacob Haaber , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Pallisgaard Niels 
Published: February 2007

SummaryThe JAK2 V617F mutation is a frequent genetic event in the three classical Philadelphia‐chromosome negative chronic myeloproliferative disorders (Phneg.‐CMPD), polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocythemia (ET) and idiopathic myelofibrosis (IMF). Its occurrence varies in frequency in regards to phenotype. The mutation is found in the majority of patients with PV and about half of the patients with ET and IMF. These diseases are clonal stem cell disorders arising in an early stem cell progenitor. The level in the stem cell hierarchy on which the initiating genetic events and the JAK2 V617F mutation occurs is not known. The mutation has so far been detected in all cells of the myeloid lineage, whereas the potential clonal involvement of the lymphoid lineage is controversial. In this study, we detected the JAK2 V617F mutation by real‐time quantitative PCR (qPCR) in both B‐lymphocytes and T‐lymphocytes in a subgroup of patients with Phneg.‐CMPDs. These results demonstrate the origin of the JAK2 V617F positive disorders in an early stem cell with both lymphoid and myeloid differentiation potential.
Higher thrombin concentrations are required to induce platelet apoptosis than to induce platelet activation
Authors: Leytin V. , Allen D. J. , Lyubimov E. , Freedman J. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryPrimarily known as an inducer of blood coagulation and platelet activation, thrombin also triggers platelet apoptosis. This study demonstrated that the platelet activation response is much more sensitive than platelet apoptosis to thrombin treatment. Thrombin concentrations of 0·5–1 nmol/l activated almost all platelets, but only a small fraction underwent apoptosis, suggesting that at these relatively low thrombin concentrations, platelets may perform haemostasis but not be involved in programmed cell death. At high thrombin concentrations of 10–100 nmol/l, generated during blood coagulation, 30–40% of platelets became apoptotic, indicating that hypercoagulable states may be associated with increased numbers of apoptotic platelets.
The use of vinca alkaloids in preparation for splenectomy of corticosteroid refractory chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura patients
Authors: SZCZEPANIK A. B. , SIKORSKA A. , SLOMKOWSKI M. , KONOPKA L. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryAdministration of vinca alkaloids (VA) to chronic corticosteroid refractory immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) patients results in a temporary increase of platelet count. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of vinca alkaloids in preparing adult corticosteroid refractory chronic ITP patients for splenectomy as well as to compare the costs of this method with costs of applying intravenous immunoglobulins. The study included 12 chronic ITP patients refractory to corticosteroids applied for 3–144 months. The patients were prepared for splenectomy with average 3.0 (from 1 to 4) 2‐h intravenous infusions of vinca alkaloids at 7 day intervals. In eight patients, vincristin was used in a total dose of 6 mg (2 mg per infusion), in two patients, vinblastin was used in total dose of 30 mg (10 mg per infusion), and in two patients, vincristin and vinblastin infusions were administered alternatively. In nine of the 12 treated patients (75%) the platelet count increased to ≥80 × 109/l, which allowed safe splenectomy. Three patients unreactive to VA treatment were prepared for splenectomy with intravenous gammaglobulin infusions. Splenectomy was performed in 12 patients, in eight with laparoscopic method, in four with classic method. No complications during surgical intervention were observed. In none of the VA treated patients was myelosupression or liver or/and kidney dysfunction observed. Splenectomy resulted in normalization of platelet count in all patients after operation and in six of nine patients followed up for 10 months (on the average). Matching of VA costs with treatment efficacy and comparison with similar costs for intravenous immunoglobulin treatment revealed many fold lower costs of the former method.
Association of the interleukin‐2 receptor alpha (IL‐2Rα)/CD25 gene region with Graves’ disease using a multilocus test and tag SNPs
Authors: Brand Oliver J. , Lowe Christopher E. , Heward Joanne M. , Franklyn Jayne A. , Cooper Jason D. , Todd John A. , Gough Stephen C. L. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryObjective  A small number of immune response genes have been consistently associated with the common autoimmune conditions. Recently, a linkage disequilibrium (LD) mapping approach, using tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), identified genetic association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and the interleukin‐2 receptor alpha (IL‐2Rα)/CD25 gene region on chromosome 10p15. Because certain autoimmune diseases, such as autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and T1D cluster together in certain families, we sought to determine if the TID‐associated CD25 region was also associated with Graves’ disease (GD).Design  We performed a case‐control association study of 20 tag SNPs.Patients  1896 GD patients were collected from seven major centres in the UK and 1822 geographically matched controls from the 1958 British Birth Cohort.Measurements  The 20 tag SNPs were analysed using a multilocus test to identify an association between GD and the CD25 region. Odds ratios (ORs) were calculated for the tag SNPs, allowing a comparison with previous results for T1D.Results  The multilocus test provided statistical evidence of an association between GD and the CD25 region (P = 4·5 × 10−4), with the pattern of association of the 20 tag SNPs similar to that found in T1D.Conclusions  Association with GD, as well as that previously reported with T1D, suggests that the CD25 region is acting as a general susceptibility locus for autoimmune disease, and is consistent with a major role for the IL‐2‐receptor pathway in the development and function of T cells in the control of autoimmunity.
Impairment of bone mass development in children with chronic cholestatic liver disease
Authors: De Albuquerque Taveira Adriana Távora , Fernandes Maria Inez Machado , Galvão Lívia Carvalho , Sawamura Regina , De Mello Vieira Enaldo , De Paula Francisco José Albuquerque 
Published: February 2007

SummaryObjective  To analyse aspects of mineral metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD), bone remodelling activity and serum IGF‐1 levels in children with chronic cholestatic disease (CCLD).Patients and measurements  A total of 13 children with chronic cholestatic liver disease (CCLD; mean age 7·2 ± 4·8 years) and 22 control subjects (mean age 7·6 ± 4·5 years) were studied. Serum osteocalcin, bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), 25‐hydroxyvitamin D, PTH and IGF‐1 levels and urinary deoxypyridinoline were determined. BMD was measured by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry in the lumbar spine, total hip and whole body. Lumbar spine areal BMD was converted mathematically to apparent volumetric BMD (aBMD) and corrected for the bone age of the patient.Results  Z‐score of lumbar spine BMD was lower in CCLD patients than in controls and the difference was maintained when BMD was expressed as aBMD (control = 0·107 ± 0·02 vs. CCLD = 0·092 ± 0·02 g/cm3, P < 0·05) and after conversion for bone age. All participants showed normal 25‐hydroxyvitamin D levels, with no significant differences in serum levels of 25‐hydroxyvitamin D and PTH between groups. IGF‐1 levels were significantly lower in the CCLD group (control = 19·6 ± 16·8 vs. CCLD = 6·4 ± 7·6 nmol/l, P < 0·05) and a positive correlation was observed between whole body BMD and IGF‐1 in this group.Conclusions  These results indicate that CCLD limits bone mass gain in children. A reduction in hepatic IGF‐1 production might be responsible, at least in part, for the low bone mass of these patients.
Recommendations for standardization of clinical trials with Allergen Specific Immunotherapy for respiratory allergy. A statement of a World Allergy Organization (WAO) taskforce
Authors: Canonica G. W. , Baena‐Cagnani C. E. , Bousquet J. , Bousquet P. J. , Lockey R. F. , Malling H.‐J. , Passalacqua G. , Potter P. , Valovirta E. 
Published: February 2007

Specific Immunotherapy for respiratory allergy is used since about one century and there is now solid documentation of its efficacy. Nevertheless, the methods and experimental designs used in clinical trials are quite heterogeneous and there is no unanimously accepted methodological standard. Many studies are planned with study designs that may not confirm the clinical value of SIT as an effective treatment to reduce disease severity. To ensure that patients are treated based on sound scientific evidence and to minimize the risk of misusing limited financial resources for scientific studies, the World Allergy Organization (WAO) convened a group of experts to provide guidelines for the methodology of future immunotherapy studies.This document summarizes the recommendations for study design, patients’ selection, appropriate outcomes and statistical treatment to be used in planning and performing clinical trials with specific immunotherapy.