bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING OF CANCER CELL INVASION OF TISSUE: THE ROLE OF THE UROKINASE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATION SYSTEM
Authors: CHAPLAIN M. A. J. , LOLAS G. 
Published: October 2005

The growth of solid tumours proceeds through two distinct phases: the avascular and the vascular phase. It is during the latter stage that the insidious process of cancer invasion of peritumoral tissue can and does take place. Vascular tumours grow rapidly allowing the cancer cells to establish a new colony in distant organs, a process that is known as metastasis. The progression from a single, primary tumour to multiple tumours in distant sites throughout the body is known as the metastatic cascade. This is a multistep process that first involves the over-expression by the cancer cells of proteolytic enzyme activity, such as the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). uPA itself initiates the activation of an enzymatic cascade that primarily involves the activation of plasminogen and subsequently its matrix degrading protein plasmin. Degradation of the matrix then enables the cancer cells to migrate through the tissue and subsequently to spread to secondary sites in the body. In this paper we consider a mathematical model of cancer cell invasion of tissue (extracellular matrix) which focuses on the role of the plasminogen activation system. The model consists of a system of reaction-diffusion-taxis partial differential equations describing the interactions between cancer cells, urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), uPA inhibitors, plasmin and the host tissue. The focus of the modelling is on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the uPA system and how this influences the migratory properties of the cancer cells through random motility, chemotaxis and haptotaxis. The results obtained from numerical computations carried out on the model equations produce rich, dynamic heterogeneous spatio-temporal solutions and demonstrate the ability of rather simple models to produce complicated dynamics, all of which are associated with tumour heterogeneity and cancer cell progression and invasion.
MAGNETIC RESONANCE RELAXATION-TIME STUDIES OF FRACTURE REPAIR IN CHICKS: A POTENTIAL METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF FRACTURE HEALING
Authors: Nusem I. , Edelstein S. , Otremski I. 
Published: October 2005

Purpose: To investigate whether magnetic resonance relaxation-time measurements have a role in monitoring fracture healing. Methods: Magnetic resonance relaxation-time measurements were used to assess callus formation in chicks' tibiae and were correlated to the histopathologic and biomechanical changes that occur throughout the process of fracture repair. Results: The effective transverse relaxation time (T2) values recorded during fracture healing process were significantly longer (p = 0.0151) at day 14 (65.5575 ms.), compared with those recorded at days 3 (52.68 ms.) and 7 (55.4313 ms.). The T2 values distributions (a) at day 14 (0.2304) were significantly lower (p = 0.0313) compared with those recorded at days 7 (0.2721) and 10 (0.2742). Using a semiquantitative histologic evaluation, a significant increase in the amount of endosteal new bone (p = 0.048), and periosteal new bone (p = 0.008), associated with a significant decrease in the amount of old bone (p = 0.007) and cartilaginous tissue (p = 0.001) was observed. Analysis of the torque-angle curves demonstrated a low torque and a large angular deformation associated with low stiffness at 3–7 days post-fracture, and a high torque and a small angular deformation associated with high stiffness at 10–14 days post-fracture. Interpretation: Magnetic resonance relaxation-time follows the histopathologic and biomechanical changes occurring during the process of fracture repair and it may have a role as a potential method for objective estimation of fracture repair.
Laterite geochemistry applied to diamond exploration in the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia
Authors: Cornelius Matthias , Singh Balbir , Meyer Stephan , Smith Raymond E. , Cornelius Amanda J. 
Published: October 2005

This paper describes an exploration programme based on regional laterite sampling (1 to 9 km spacing) aimed at locating geochemical anomalies of kimberlite pipes. Orientation studies at the Aries pipe, Western Australia, and several pipes in the Coromandel area in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, demonstrated that lateritic residuum on kimberlite reflects the characteristic geochemical signature of the bedrock. Data interpretation by identifying and ranking geochemical anomalies of alkaline ultramafic rocks in regional multi-element datasets was done using univariate and multivariate statistics. These techniques can also test the datasets for other mineral occurrences, such as rare metals. Although this study did not locate a kimberlite pipe, regional geochemical sampling identified an area (46 Gate Road anomaly near Lake Brown) in the northern Merredin region where lateritic ferruginous materials appear to have formed on mafic–ultramafic alkaline bedrock, possibly an ultramafic lamprophyre that had not previously been recognized. Other regional geochemical features identified by this study, and yet to be followed up, include a Ta–Sn–Nb anomaly SE of Meekatharra, a Ni–Cu–Zn–Co anomaly in an area NE of Lake Barlee, an As–Cr–Sb–(Ni–Co–Mn–Mg) anomaly east of the Youanmi greenstone belt, and a Mg–Cr–Co anomaly in the very southern part of the survey area.
The deeply weathered terrains of the Yilgarn Craton and adjacent Proterozoic belts in Western Australia present difficult environments for diamond exploration and to date no economic diamond pipes have been found in the Yilgarn Craton. With the exception of diamond and chromite, indicator minerals are destroyed through intense weathering, with very short dispersion trails of any remaining minerals in a dominantly low-relief landscape. The use of aeromagnetic data is limited by deep weathering causing noisy magnetic backgrounds in areas with preserved lateritic residuum due to contained maghemite. Additional problems arise from variably magnetic granites and gneisses, and greenstone remnants within them. Electromagnetic techniques are often adversely affected by highly conductive overburden.
Laterite geochemistry applied within a regolith–landform framework has the potential to be a complementary technique for diamond exploration in deeply weathered terrain. It can be used to test geophysical targets in areas with a preserved lateritic mantle and to explore for pipes that may have obscure geophysical signatures. Orientation studies, using ferruginous gravels and duricrust formed on alkaline ultramafic and ultramafic rocks, show characteristic geochemical signatures with a halo about three times larger than the pipe itself due to mechanical and hydromorphic dispersion within the regolith.
Geochemical mapping at the Geological Survey of Sweden
Authors: Lax Kaj , Selinus Olle 
Published: October 2005

Geochemical mapping has been carried out for several decades at the Geological Survey of Sweden (SGU). Two kinds of sampling media dominate: glacial till (soil geochemical programme) and aquatic vegetation (biogeochemical mapping). Data from these mapping programmes have been used for various applications such as discoveries of contaminated land and research in environmental, medical and mineral exploration.
The main goal of the geochemical mapping programmes has been to produce consistent and high quality data. Therefore, both programmes have been subject to various changes to increase their usefulness for decision-makers and planners. The number of parameters determined has increased, partial leach analysis has migrated from a combination of AAS/ICP-AES techniques to ICP-MS, urban geochemistry projects have been incorporated, and additional terrestrial sediments have been added to the regional soil geochemical survey. An increasing number of new applications have also been implemented for emerging societal needs.
This paper gives an overview of the mapping programme and examples of products for use in society as well as strategies for the future.
EphA2 as a Novel Molecular Marker and Target in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: Wykosky Jill , Gibo Denise M. , Stanton Constance , Debinski Waldemar 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe investigated the presence of EphA2, and its ligand, ephrinA1, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a malignant neoplasm of glial cells, and normal brain. We also initially examined the functional importance of the interaction between EphA2 and ephrinA1 in glioma cells. Expression and localization of EphA2 and ephrinA1 in human GBM and normal brain were examined using Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. A functional role for EphA2 was investigated by assessing the activation status of the receptor and the effect of ephrinA1 on the anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness of GBM cells. We found EphA2 to be elevated in ∼90% of GBM specimens and cell lines but not in normal brain, whereas ephrinA1 was present at consistently low levels in both GBM and normal brain. EphA2 was activated and phosphorylated by ephrinA1 in GBM cells. Furthermore, ephrinA1 induced a prominent, dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the anchorage-independent growth and invasiveness of GBM cells highly overexpressing EphA2, which was not seen in cells expressing low levels of the receptor. Thus, EphA2 is both specifically overexpressed in GBM and expressed differentially with respect to its ligand, ephrinA1, which may reflect on the oncogenic processes of malignant glioma cells. EphA2 seems to be functionally important in GBM cells and thus may play an important role in GBM pathogenesis. Hence, EphA2 represents a new marker and novel target for the development of molecular therapeutics against GBM.
CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein α (C/EBPα) and C/EBPα Myeloid Oncoproteins Induce Bcl-2 via Interaction of Their Basic Regions with Nuclear Factor-κB p50
Authors: Paz-Priel Ido , Cai Dong Hong , Wang Dehua , Kowalski Jeanne , Blackford Amanda , Liu Huaitian , Heckman Caroline A. , Gombart Adrian F. , Koeffler H. Phillip , Boxer Linda M. , Friedman Alan D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe CEBPA gene is mutated in 10% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases. We find that CEBPA and Bcl-2 RNA levels correlate highly in low-risk human AMLs, suggesting that inhibition of apoptosis via induction of bcl-2 by CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) or its mutant variants contributes to transformation. C/EBPαp30, lacking a NH2-terminal transactivation domain, or C/EBPαLZ, carrying in-frame mutations in the leucine zipper that prevent DNA binding, induced bcl-2 in hematopoietic cell lines, and C/EBPα induced bcl-2 in normal murine myeloid progenitors and in the splenocytes of H2K-C/EBPα-Eμ transgenic mice. C/EBPα protected Ba/F3 cells from apoptosis on interleukin-3 withdrawal but not if bcl-2 was knocked down. Remarkably, C/EBPαLZ oncoproteins activated the bcl-2 P2 promoter despite lack of DNA binding, and C/EBPαp30 also activated the promoter. C/EBPα and the C/EBPα oncoproteins cooperated with nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p50, but not p65, to induce bcl-2 transcription. Endogenous C/EBPα preferentially coimmunoprecipitated with p50 versus p65 in myeloid cell extracts. Mutation of residues 297 to 302 in the C/EBPα basic region prevented induction of endogenous bcl-2 or the bcl-2 promoter and interaction with p50 but not p65. These findings suggest that C/EBPα or its mutant variants tether to a subset of NF-κB target genes, including Bcl-2, via p50 to facilitate gene activation and offer an explanation for preferential in-frame rather than out-of-frame mutation of the leucine zipper with sparing of the basic region in C/EBPαLZ oncoproteins. Targeting interaction between C/EBPα basic region and NF-κB p50 may contribute to the therapy of AML and other malignancies expressing C/EBPs.
Induction of Invasive Mouse Skin Carcinomas in Transgenic Mice with Mutations in Both H-ras and p53
Authors: Zhang Zhongqiu , Yao Ruisheng , Li Jie , Wang Yian , Boone Charles W. , Lubet Ronald A. , You Ming 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Synergistic interaction between H-ras and p53 were systematically examined during skin tumorigenesis. Concurrent expression of an activated H-ras gene and a mutant p53 gene was accomplished by crossing p53Val135/wt mice with TG·AC mice. Topical application to wild-type mice with benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) alone produced ∼26% skin tumor incidence, whereas BaP treatment of p53wt/wtHrasTG·AC/wt, p53Val135/wtHraswt/wt, and p53Val135/wtHrasTG·AC/wt mice produced a 75%, 77%, and 100% incidence of skin tumors, respectively. An average of 0.33 tumor per mouse was observed in wild-type (p53wt/wtHraswt/wt) mice, whereas ∼1.54, 1.96, and 3.08 tumors per mouse were seen in BaP-treated p53wt/wtHrasTG·AC/wt, p53Val135/wtHraswt/wt, and p53Val135/wtHrasTG·AC/wt mice, respectively. The effects on total tumor volume were even more striking with 7-, 48-, and 588-fold increases in tumor volume compared with wild-type (p53wt/wtHraswt/wt) in p53wt/wtHrasTG·AC/wt, p53Val135/wtHraswt/wt, and p53Val135/wtHrasTG·AC/wt mice, respectively. Histopathologically, all tumors from p53wt/wtHraswt/wt mice were either papillomas or well-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas, whereas the tumors in p53wt/wtHrasTG·AC/wt, p53Val135/wtHraswt/wt, and p53Val135/wtHrasTG·AC/wt mice were principally squamous cell carcinomas with varying degree of invasiveness. Particularly, tumors in p53Val135/wtHrasTG·AC/wt mice exhibited the most rapid growth and the extreme form of tumor invasion. Microarray analysis revealed that dominant-negative p53 (Val135) and activated H-ras affected several cellular processes involved in tumorigenesis possibly through its effects on apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. The present study provides the first in vivo evidence that a germ line p53 mutation and activated H-ras act synergistically to profoundly enhance tumor progression.
Bone in Growth in bFGF Versus BMP Combined with bFGF Saturated PLA-PEG-PLA: Experiment in Surgically Created Rabbit Mandibular Defects
Authors: Hou Guangyu , Adriane Kamulegeya , Feng Pan Ke 
Published: October 2005

A triblock polymer of LPLA and PEG 1000 and 3400 at 3% and 9% was formed by ring opening under nitrogen atmosphere at 120°C and then, in one group, bFGF was added, while in the other both bFGF and BMP were added, leaving one group as a control. Gross, radiographic, histological and scanning electronic microscope observations were done. With the help of motic images advanced 3.0 new bone formed, calculated as a percentage of total selected area and, using SAS6.12, results were analyzed. Statistical analysis between groups showed that, at 2 weeks, the PLA-PEG-PLA + bFGF + BMP group had the highest amount of new bone formation, as a percentage of new bone over total surface area, at 48% followed by the PLA-PEG-PLA + bFGF group at 39%, then the PLA-PEG-PLA=BMP group at 29%. The PLA-PEGPLA group trailed in at 18% (statistical significance, p <0.05=0.0001). After 4 weeks, the experimental groups B and D had almost equal new bone formation (62% and 64% respectively), but still significantly different from the control group and BMP2 group, with 43% and 38% respectively ( p <0.05=0.0001). After 8 weeks, there was no difference in the amount of bone regeneration ( p >0.05=0.87). Within the groups, the control group exhibited steady incremental new bone formation at 2, 4 and 8 weeks, starting out at 18%, followed by 42% and lastly 65%. Interestingly this phenomenon also applied to group C (BMP2 group) but not to the B group (bFGF group). The differences at the respective consecutive time of examination were statistically significant ( p <0.05=0.0001). However, in both experimental groups B and D there was statistically significant difference between new bone formed at 2 weeks compared to that at 4 weeks, but thereafter the increment was negligible.
Working with images in daily life and police practice: an assessment of the documentary tradition
Authors: Ball Mike 
Published: October 2005

There is a growing body of literature within the humanities and social sciences that is directly critical of the documentary tradition’s treatment and use of still and moving images as realistic data. The documentary tradition claims that it is possible to visually document social scenes with cameras. Postmodernism, poststructuralism, critical theory and related traditions argue that still and moving images amount to representations, their critique of realism. As instruments, cameras are open to a variety of uses ranging from the scientific to the artistic in orientation. Such uses of cameras comprise representational work. Following Garfinkel, this article suggests that the documentary method of sense making is employed in numerous practical situations. This article commences with an overview of the documentary tradition and then offers a brief case study of certain of these principles in operation within the practical work of the police and road users on public highways. Public highways and traffic flows along them are visually available social arrangements. Within police work that involves the regulation and management of traffic flows, stored images of vehicles can serve as documentary evidence of traffic violations. In this particular context and more generally on the highways, road users treat objects such as road signs and related items of roadside furniture, including cameras and road markings, as documents of some, for all practical purposes, real states of affairs. Road users make sense of the stream of visual information encountered as an ongoing practical accomplishment.
Influence of hypoxia on the domiciliation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells after infusion into rats: possibilities of targeting pulmonary artery remodeling via cells therapies?
Authors: Rochefort Y Gaël , Vaudin Pascal , Bonnet Nicolas , Pages Jean-Christophe , Domenech Jorge , Charbord Pierre , Eder Véronique 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
Background
Bone marrow (BM) cells are promising tools for vascular therapies. Here, we focused on the possibility of targeting the hypoxia-induced pulmonary artery hypertension remodeling with systemic delivery of BM-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into non-irradiated rats.

Methods
Six-week-old Wistar rats were exposed to 3-week chronic hypoxia leading to pulmonary artery wall remodeling. Domiciliation of adhesive BM-derived CD45- CD73+ CD90+ MSCs was first studied after a single intravenous infusion of Indium-111-labeled MSCs followed by whole body scintigraphies and autoradiographies of different harvested organs. In a second set of experiments, enhanced-GFP labeling allowed to observe distribution at later times using sequential infusions during the 3-week hypoxia exposure.

Results
A 30% pulmonary retention was observed by scintigraphies and no differences were observed in the global repartition between hypoxic and control groups. Intrapulmonary radioactivity repartition was homogenous in both groups, as shown by autoradiographies. BM-derived GFP-labeled MSCs were observed with a global repartition in liver, in spleen, in lung parenchyma and rarely in the adventitial layer of remodeled vessels. Furthermore this global repartition was not modified by hypoxia. Interestingly, these cells displayed in vivo bone marrow homing, proving a preservation of their viability and function. Bone marrow homing of GFP-labeled MSCs was increased in the hypoxic group.

Conclusion
Adhesive BM-derived CD45- CD73+ CD90+ MSCs are not integrated in the pulmonary arteries remodeled media after repeated intravenous infusions in contrast to previously described in systemic vascular remodeling or with endothelial progenitor cells infusions.
HDACs and the senescent phenotype of WI-38 cells
Authors: Place Robert F , Noonan Emily J , Giardina Charles 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Normal cells possess a limited proliferative life span after which they enter a state of irreversible growth arrest. This process, known as replicative senescence, is accompanied by changes in gene expression that give rise to a variety of senescence-associated phenotypes. It has been suggested that these gene expression changes result in part from alterations in the histone acetylation machinery. Here we examine the influence of HDAC inhibitors on the expression of senescent markers in pre- and post-senescent WI-38 cells.

Results
Pre- and post-senescent WI-38 cells were treated with the HDAC inhibitors butyrate or trichostatin A (TSA). Following HDAC inhibitor treatment, pre-senescent cells increased p21WAF1 and β-galactosidase expression, assumed a flattened senescence-associated morphology, and maintained a lower level of proteasome activity. These alterations also occurred during normal replicative senescence of WI-38 cells, but were not accentuated further by HDAC inhibitors. We also found that HDAC1 levels decline during normal replicative senescence.

Conclusion
Our findings indicate that HDACs impact numerous phenotypic changes associated with cellular senescence. Reduced HDAC1 expression levels in senescent cells may be an important event in mediating the transition to a senescent phenotype.
Pneumomediastinum as initial presentation of paralytic rabies: A case report
Authors: Kietdumrongwong Pongtorn , Hemachudha Thiravat 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
Rabies is readily diagnosed when it presents as the classic furious form. Paralytic and atypical forms can pose significant problems in diagnosis. Catastrophic incidents included 7 organ transplant recipients who died of rabies recently in United States and Germany. Although rabies remains top in the lists of differential diagnosis of encephalitis in rabies endemic area, its complication may divert physicians from making a relevant management. We encountered an unusual case of paralytic rabies who presented with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

Case Presentation
A young male presented with fever and dysphagia. There was a history of fluctuating consciousness and aerophobia but they were absent or could not be demonstrated at the time of admission. He exhibited subcutaneous chest wall emphysema and was found to have pneumomediastinum which resulted in surgical intervention. He developed paralysis followed by seizures during postoperative period. Diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of rabies RNA in saliva during the preterminal phase and by the autopsy. Over 200 hospital staff subsequently received rabies postexposure prophylaxis.

Conclusion
Spontaneous pneumomediastinum can be a rare complication of rabies. It may lead clinicians to perform inappropriate treatment, particularly when phobic spasms are not present and agitation is not prominent. High level of awareness of rabies in any patient with confusion albeit subtle or with any obscure neurological presentations such as difficulty swallowing with no identifiable causes must be borne in mind.