bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological basis for soft tissue management in implant dentistry
Authors: Yeung SCH 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGood aesthetic finish of implant/restorations requires healthy peri‐implant soft tissue at the appropriate location. The relevance of the peri‐implant soft tissue seal, the biological width, the keratinized gingival zone and the need for effective plaque control in order to maintain peri‐implant soft tissue health were discussed. The presence of a soft tissue seal/cuff around dental implants and abutments and its role in defense against infection were convincingly demonstrated in animal studies. In order to achieve long‐term stable peri‐implant health, it is important to achieve an adequate soft tissue seal around dental implant/restorations. The constant dimension of a biological width (of the soft tissue) often dictates where the final gingival margin will be. It is therefore not surprising that the position and stability of the alveolar bone ridge surrounding dental implants ultimately determines where the gingival margin rests. For dental implant restorations in the aesthetic zone, this is a crucial variable for the clinician to understand and deliver. Available data so far suggest that with good oral hygiene, peri‐implant soft tissue health can be maintained irrespective if a keratinized gingival tissue zone surrounding implant/restoration is present. In reality, good oral hygiene is very difficult to achieve around dental restorations without the protection of a band of keratinized gingival tissue. Studies on peri‐implantitis and peri‐implant mucositis further demonstrated the causal relationship between dental plaque accumulation and peri‐implant inflammation. It is therefore imperative that long‐term maintenance care of dental implants and implant supported dental restorations should include a strict regime of plaque control and monitoring.
Discrimination of intra- and inter-specific forage quality by collared pikas (Ochotona collaris)
Authors: Morrison S. F. , Hik D. S. 
Published: May 2008

The specific nutritional characteristics by which herbivores evaluate their foraging options are complex. We experimentally manipulated the crude protein and water content of two forage species ( Carex consimilis Holm. (= Carex bigelowii Torr. ex Schwein.) and Polygonum bistorta L.) commonly cached by collared pikas ( Ochotona collaris (Nelson, 1893)) to determine their influence on inter- and intra-specific forage selection. Preference data were collected for 27 pikas using cafeteria-style feeding trials in a randomized block design. A three-way interaction (species × protein × water) suggested that pikas made conditional forage selection decisions while caching these plants. The interaction was driven by greater selection for fresh rather than dried C. consimilis when both were not fertilized. Water content had no effect on the selection of either fertilized C. consimilis or fertilized P. bistorta. Overall, our results indicate that pikas made subtle decisions about their selection of vegetation during caching, based on variation in nitrogen and water content in addition to species-specific selection criteria. Further, our results imply that tests of foraging theory may need to consider intra-specific variation in forage characteristics, as well as inter-specific ranking of forage species.
Anti-bat flight activity in sound-producing versus silent moths
Authors: Ratcliffe John M. , Soutar Amanda R. , Muma Katherine E. , Guignion Cassandra , Fullard James H. 
Published: May 2008

The ultrasonic clicks produced by some tiger moths — all of which possess bat-detecting ears — are effective acoustic aposematic or mimetic signals, conferring protection against aerial hawking bats. Clicks are produced in response to bat echolocation calls. Palatable, silent non-tiger-moth species with bat-detecting ears fly away from distant bats and effect erratic flight maneuvers or stop flying in response to the calls of bats nearby. These flight responses are also an effective defense. We tested the hypotheses that sound-producing tiger moths (i) do not exhibit the reduction in flight time typical of silent, palatable moth species when presented with ultrasound simulating bat echolocation calls and (ii) exhibit more flight activity than silent, palatable species both in the presence and absence of ultrasound. We found that sound-producing tiger moths did not significantly reduce flight activity to bat-like sounds and that silent tiger moths and other noctuoid species did. We also found that sound-producing tiger moths flew significantly more than did silent species in both the presence and the absence of ultrasound. The benefits of acoustic aposematism may allow sound producers to spend more time aloft than silent species and thereby improve their chances of successful reproduction.
EBV-positive immunodeficiency lymphoma after alemtuzumab-CHOP therapy for peripheral T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Kluin-Nelemans Hanneke C. , Coenen Jules L. , Boers James E. , van Imhoff Gustaaf W. , Rosati Stefano 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Chemotherapy with alemtuzumab and the combination of cyclophosphamide, adriamycin, oncovin, and prednisone (CHOP) has become experimental trial therapy for aggressive T-cell lymphoma. Several multicenter phase 3 trials will incorporate this scheme. As part of an ongoing phase 2 trial in which we recently treated 20 patients with 8 cycles of CHOP every 2 weeks with 3 additional doses of 30 mg alemtuzumab per cycle, we observed the development of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphoproliferative disease, after completion of the immunochemotherapy in 3 patients with peripheral T-cell lymphoma. Because the occurrence of EBV-positive lymphoproliferative disease is rare after alemtuzumab monotherapy, such as is given for chronic lymphocytic leukemia, we think that early reporting of this potential side effect is warranted. It may be caused by intrinsic T-cell defects in patients with T-cell lymphoma, or by the combination of alemtuzumab with CHOP chemotherapy.
To what extent does Tobler's 1st law of geography apply to macroecology? A case study using American palms (Arecaceae)
Authors: Bjorholm Stine , Svenning Jens-Christian , Skov Flemming , Balslev Henrik 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundTobler's first law of geography, 'Everything is related to everything else, but near things are more related than distant things' also applies to biological systems as illustrated by a general and strong occurrence of geographic distance decay in ecological community similarity. Using American palms (Arecaceae) as an example, we assess the extent to which Tobler's first law applies to species richness and species composition, two fundamental aspects of ecological community structure. To shed light on the mechanisms driving distance decays in community structure, we also quantify the relative contribution of geographic distanceper seand environmental changes as drivers of spatial turnover in species richness and composition.ResultsAcross the Americas, similarity in species composition followed a negative exponential decay curve, while similarity in species richness exhibited a parabolic relationship with geographic distance. Within the four subregions geographic distance decays were observed in both species composition and richness, though the decays were less regular for species richness than for species composition. Similarity in species composition showed a faster, more consistent decay with distance than similarity in species richness, both across the Americas and within the subregions. At both spatial extents, geographic distance decay in species richness depended more on environmental distance than on geographic distance, while the opposite was true for species composition. The environmentally complex or geographically fragmented subregions exhibited stronger distance decays than the more homogenous subregions.ConclusionSimilarity in species composition exhibited a strong geographic distance decay, in agreement with Tobler's first law of geography. In contrast, similarity in species richness did not exhibit a consistent distance decay, especially not at distances >4000 kilometers. Therefore, the degree to which Tobler's first law of geography applies to community structure depends on which aspect hereof is considered – species composition or species richness. Environmentally complex or geographically fragmented regions exhibited the strongest distance decays. We conclude that Tobler's law may be most applicable when dispersal is a strong determinant of spatial turnover and less so when environmental control predominates.
Comprehensive analysis of the mouse renal cortex using two-dimensional HPLC – tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhao Yingxin , Denner Larry , Haidacher Sigmund J , LeJeune Wanda S , Tilton Ronald G 
Published: May 2008

Abstract

Background
Proteomic methodologies increasingly have been applied to the kidney to map the renal cortical proteome and to identify global changes in renal proteins induced by diseases such as diabetes. While progress has been made in establishing a renal cortical proteome using 1-D or 2-DE and mass spectrometry, the number of proteins definitively identified by mass spectrometry has remained surprisingly small. Low coverage of the renal cortical proteome as well as our interest in diabetes-induced changes in proteins found in the renal cortex prompted us to perform an in-depth proteomic analysis of mouse renal cortical tissue.

Results
We report a large scale analysis of mouse renal cortical proteome using SCX prefractionation strategy combined with HPLC – tandem mass spectrometry. High-confidence identification of ~2,000 proteins, including cytoplasmic, nuclear, plasma membrane, extracellular and unknown/unclassified proteins, was obtained by separating tryptic peptides of renal cortical proteins into 60 fractions by SCX prior to LC-MS/MS. The identified proteins represented the renal cortical proteome with no discernible bias due to protein physicochemical properties, subcellular distribution, biological processes, or molecular function. The highest ranked molecular functions were characteristic of tubular epithelium, and included binding, catalytic activity, transporter activity, structural molecule activity, and carrier activity. Comparison of this renal cortical proteome with published human urinary proteomes demonstrated enrichment of renal extracellular, plasma membrane, and lysosomal proteins in the urine, with a lack of intracellular proteins. Comparison of the most abundant proteins based on normalized spectral abundance factor (NSAF) in this dataset versus a published glomerular proteome indicated enrichment of mitochondrial proteins in the former and cytoskeletal proteins in the latter.

Conclusion
A whole tissue extract of the mouse kidney cortex was analyzed by an unbiased proteomic approach, yielding a dataset of ~2,000 unique proteins identified with strict criteria to ensure a high level of confidence in protein identification. As a result of extracting all proteins from the renal cortex, we identified an exceptionally wide range of renal proteins in terms of pI, MW, hydrophobicity, abundance, and subcellular location. Many of these proteins, such as low-abundance proteins, membrane proteins and proteins with extreme values in pI or MW are traditionally under-represented in 2-DE-based proteomic analysis.
Microarray Technology and Applications in the Arena of Genome-Wide Association
Authors: Grant Struan F A , Hakonarson Hakon 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Background: There is a revolution occurring in single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping technology, with high-throughput methods now allowing large numbers of SNPs (105–106) to be genotyped in large cohort studies. This has enabled large-scale genome-wide association (GWA) studies in complex diseases, such as diabetes, asthma, and inflammatory bowel disease, to be undertaken for the first time.
Content: The GWA approach serves the critical need for a comprehensive and unbiased strategy to identify causal genes related to complex disease, and is rapidly replacing the more traditional candidate gene studies and microsatellite-based linkage mapping approaches that have dominated gene discovery attempts for common diseases. As a consequence of employing array-based technologies, over the last 3 years dramatic discoveries of key variants involved in multiple complex diseases and related traits have been reported in the top scientific literature and, most importantly, have been largely replicated by independent investigator groups. As a consequence, several novel genes have been identified, most notably in the metabolic, cardiovascular, autoimmune, and oncology disease areas, that are clearly rooted in the biology of these disorders. These discoveries have opened up new avenues for investigators to address novel molecular pathways that were not previously linked to or thought of in relation with these diseases.
Summary: This review provides a synopsis of recent advances and what we may expect to still emerge from this field.
BM88/Cend1 Expression Levels Are Critical for Proliferation and Differentiation of Subventricular Zone-Derived Neural Precursor Cells
Authors: Katsimpardi Lida , Gaitanou Maria , Malnou Cecile E. , Lledo Pierre-Marie , Charneau Pierre , Matsas Rebecca , Thomaidou Dimitra 
Published: May 2008

Abstract
Neural stem cells remain in two areas of the adult mammalian brain, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Ongoing neurogenesis via the SVZ-rostral migratory stream pathway maintains neuronal replacement in the olfactory bulb (OB) throughout life. The mechanisms determining how neurogenesis is restricted to only a few regions in the adult, in contrast to its more widespread location during embryogenesis, largely depend on controlling the balance between precursor cell proliferation and differentiation. BM88/Cend1 is a neuronal lineage-specific regulator implicated in cell cycle exit and differentiation of precursor cells in the embryonic neural tube. Here we investigated its role in postnatal neurogenesis. Study of in vivo BM88/Cend1 distribution revealed that it is expressed in low levels in neuronal precursors of the adult SVZ and in high levels in postmitotic OB interneurons. To assess the functional significance of BM88/Cend1 in neuronal lineage progression postnatally, we challenged its expression levels by gain- and loss-of-function approaches using lentiviral gene transfer in SVZ-derived neurospheres. We found that BM88/Cend1 overexpression decreases proliferation and favors neuronal differentiation, whereas its downregulation using new-generation RNA interference vectors yields an opposite phenotype. Our results demonstrate that BM88/Cend1 participates in cell cycle control and neuronal differentiation mechanisms during neonatal SVZ neurogenesis and becomes crucial for the transition from neuroblasts to mature neurons when reaching high levels.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Recombinant Protein Complex Expression in E. coli
Authors: Selleck William , Tan Song 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis unit provides procedures to design, create, and utilize polycistronic plasmids that express multicomponent protein complexes in E. coli. Both the original pST39 polycistronic expression system, which permits four genes to be coexpressed from a single plasmid, and the more recent pST44 polycistronic system, which facilitates incorporation of affinity tags and simplifies the construction of variant deletion or point mutation polycistronic plasmids, are described. Emphasis is placed on practical details for creating polycistronic expression plasmids, expressing the protein complex in E. coli, purifying the protein complex, and troubleshooting potential expression problems. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 52:5.21.1‐5.21.21. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Quantitation of DNA and RNA with Absorption and Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Gallagher Sean R. , Desjardins Philippe R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractQuantitation of nucleic acids is a fundamental tool in molecular biology that requires accuracy, reliability, and the use of increasingly smaller sample volumes. This unit describes the traditional absorbance measurement at 260 nm and three more sensitive fluorescence techniques, as well as three microvolume methods that use fiber optic technology in specialized cells or instrumentation. These procedures allow quantitation of DNA solutions ranging from 1 pg/liter to 50 mg/ml. Curr. Protoc. Protein Sci. 52:A.4K.1‐A.4K.21. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation and Molecular Detection ofEhrlichiafrom Vertebrate Animals
Authors: Cheng Chuanmin , Sirigireddy Kamesh R. , Ganta Roman R. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHuman monocytic ehrlichiosis (HME), caused byEhrlichia chaffeensis, was first recognized in 1986. Infection with this pathogen can be fatal in immune compromised and elderly humans.E. chaffeensiscan also infect dogs and several wild animals. The clinical symptoms of HME include fever, headache, malaise, myalgia, confusion, rash, lymphadenopathy, and nausea. White‐tailed deer serve as the major reservoir host for the natural maintenance ofE. chaffeensis.E. canisis primarily responsible for the canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and is endemic throughout the world. It has a significant impact on the health of dogs. The isolation and growth ofEhrlichiaspecies from vertebrate host samples is difficult and time consuming. In this unit, methods to recoverE. chaffeensisandE. canisfrom infected blood samples collected from dogs, deer, and human patients are described. PCR and RT‐PCR methods for sensitive detection ofEhrlichiainfection are also discussed.Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 9:3A.3.1‐3A.3.16. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Laboratory Maintenance of Bdellovibrio
Authors: Lambert Carey , Sockett R. Elizabeth 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBdellovibrio bacteriovorus is a Gram‐negative bacterium that preys upon other Gram‐negative bacteria. It does this by penetrating the outer membrane and peptidoglycan to establish itself in the periplasm where it grows at the expense of the contents of the prey cell before ultimately lysing the prey. Wild‐type Bdellovibrio are prey‐(or host‐) dependent and the protocols described in this unit deal with the techniques required to grow this bacterium on its prey cells. Protocols are also presented to generate and culture host‐independent mutants as well as novel protocols to evaluate Bdellovibrio predation. Curr. Protoc. Microbiol. 9:7B.2.1‐7B.2.13. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An Electron‐Deficient Diene as Ligand for Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions: An Efficient Alkylation of Aryl Iodides by Primary and Secondary Alkylzinc Reagents
Authors: Liu Qiang , Duan Hui , Luo Xiancai , Tang Yang , Li Gang , Huang Rong , Lei Aiwen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn electron‐deficient diene, L1, was found to be an effective ligand in facilitating palladium‐catalyzed Negishi couplings involving primary and secondary alkylzinc reagents. The reactions took place readily at 60 °C in THF with 5 mol% of a catalyst generated in situ from bis(acetonitrile)palladium dichloride [PdCl2(MeCN)2] and L1, and functional groups such as chloro, bromo, etc. attached to phenyl ring as well as β‐H atoms adjacent to the reaction site were well tolerated. The problematic isomerizations in secondary alkyzinc reagents involved in the reactions reported in the literature were also observed in our system when isopropylzinc chloride was employed alone as the nucleophile. However, the isomerization was significantly suppressed when i‐Pr2Zn was utilized in the presence of L1.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Formal [3+3] Cycloaddition Reactions of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes with Nazarov Reagents
Authors: Zhu Ming‐Kui , Wei Qiang , Gong Liu‐Zhu 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAn organocatalytic asymmetric formal [3+3] cycloaddition reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with Nazarov reagents promoted by prolinol derivatives afforded, after oxidation, 3,4‐dihydropyranones in good yields with high enantioselectivities of up to 97% ee.
Trends in suspected and recognized occupational respiratory diseases in Germany between 1970 and 2005
Authors: van Kampen V. , Merget R. , Butz M. , Taeger D. , Brüning T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBackgroundRespiratory diseases represent a major proportion of occupational diseases in many countries. Little information is available about their incidences over the past several decades.MethodsBased on the reports of the three German federal accident insurance agencies, the numbers of suspected and recognized cases of occupational respiratory diseases between 1970 and 2005 were collected and combined. The trends in the rates per 100,000 insured workers were calculated.ResultsIn total, a decline in occupational respiratory diseases since 1998 could be observed. This trend is mainly based on the decrease in non‐malignant respiratory diseases due to silica and obstructive airway diseases. In contrast, asbestos‐induced diseases showed a leveling off or an increase (mesothelioma) during the last 10years.ConclusionsAlthough trends in occupational disease may be influenced by several factors, the presented data indicate that prevention has been effective in reducing some ofthe most frequent occupational respiratory diseases in Germany. Am. J. Ind. Med. 51:492–502, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and characterization of a new coagulant based on the sago starch biopolymer and its application in water turbidity removal
Authors: Qudsieh I. Y. , l‐Razi A. Fakhru' , Kabbashi N. A. , Mirghani M. E. S. , Fandi K. G. , Alam M. Z. , Muyibi S. A. , Nasef M. M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new organic coagulant, sago starch (SS)‐graft‐polyacrylamide (PAm), was prepared by the ceric‐ion‐induced redox polymerization of acrylamide (Am) onto SS at room temperature. The effects of the variation of the concentration of Am and the initiator on the percentages of yield and total conversion were investigated. The chemical composition, viscosity, and side‐chain‐average molecular weight of the obtained graft copolymers were determined. The newly obtained coagulant was tested for the treatment of the turbidity of water. The SS‐g‐PAm coagulants were found to achieve water turbidity removal up to 96.6%. The results of this study suggest that SS‐g‐PAm copolymer is a potential coagulant for reducing turbidity during water treatment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Development of a synergistic case‐based microanatomy curriculum
Authors: McBride Jennifer M. , Prayson Richard A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis paper discusses the development of an interactive approach to teaching and assessing a microanatomy curriculum in an innovative medical school program. As an alternative to lectures and labs, students are engaged in interactive seminars focused on discussion of clinical and research‐based cases matched with normal histology and pathology slides. A virtual microscopic system is used rather than the traditional glass slide and light microscope. Evaluation of student performance consists of self‐assessment board style questions, concept appraisal problems, and utilization of a portfolio system where the assessment pieces are continuously integrated as part of written formative and summative assessments. Anat Sci Ed 1:102–105, 2008. © 2008 American Association of Anatomists.