bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Poleward-Intensifying Winds on Southern Ocean Warming
Authors: Fyfe John C. , Saenko Oleg A. , Zickfeld Kirsten , Eby Michael , Weaver Andrew J. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Recent analyses of the latest series of climate model simulations suggest that increasing CO2 emissions in the atmosphere are partly responsible for (i) the observed poleward shifting and strengthening of the Southern Hemisphere subpolar westerlies (in association with shifting of the southern annular mode toward a higher index state), and (ii) the observed warming of the subsurface Southern Ocean. Here the role that poleward-intensifying westerlies play in subsurface Southern Ocean warming is explored. To this end a climate model of intermediate complexity was driven separately, and in combination with, time-varying CO2 emissions and time-varying surface winds (derived from the fully coupled climate model simulations mentioned above). Experiments suggest that the combination of the direct radiative effect of CO2 emissions and poleward-intensified winds sets the overall magnitude of Southern Ocean warming, and that the poleward-intensified winds are key in terms of determining its latitudinal structure. In particular, changes in wind stress curl associated with poleward-intensified winds significantly enhance pure CO2-induced subsurface warming around 45°S (through increased downwelling of warm surface water), reduces it at higher latitudes (through increased upwelling of cold deep water), and reduces it at lower latitudes (through decreased downwelling of warm surface water). Experiments also support recent high-resolution ocean model experiments suggesting that enhanced mesoscale eddy activity associated with poleward-intensified winds influences subsurface (and surface) warming. In particular, it is found that increased poleward heat transport associated with increased mesoscale eddy activity enhances the warming south of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Finally, a mechanism involving offshore Ekman sea ice transport (modulated by enhanced mesoscale activity) that acts to significantly limit the human-induced high-latitude Southern Hemisphere surface temperature response is reported on.
Diagnosis of Radiosonde Vertical Temperature Trend Profiles: Comparing the Influence of Data Homogenization versus Model Forcings
Authors: Lanzante John R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Measurements from radiosonde temperatures have been used in studies that seek to identify the human influence on climate. However, such measurements are known to be contaminated by artificial inhomogeneities introduced by changes in instruments and recording practices that have occurred over time. Some simple diagnostics are used to compare vertical profiles of temperature trends from the observed data with simulations from a GCM driven by several different sets of forcings. Unlike most earlier studies of this type, both raw (i.e., fully contaminated) as well as adjusted observations (i.e., treated to remove some of the contamination) are utilized. The comparisons demonstrate that the effect of observational data adjustment can be as important as the inclusion of some major climate forcings in the model simulations. The effects of major volcanic eruptions critically influence temperature trends, even over a time period nearly four decades in length.
In addition, it is seen that the adjusted data show consistently better agreement than the unadjusted data, with simulations from a climate model for 1959–97. Particularly noteworthy is the fact that the adjustments supply missing warming in the tropical upper troposphere that has been attributed to model error in a number of earlier studies.
Finally, an evaluation of the fidelity of the model’s temperature response to major volcanic eruptions is conducted. Although the major conclusions of this study are unaffected by shortcomings of the simulations, they highlight the fact that even using a fairly long period of record (∼40 yr), any such shortcomings can have an important impact on trends and trend comparisons.
Recent Bottom Water Warming in the Pacific Ocean*
Authors: Johnson Gregory C. , Mecking Sabine , Sloyan Bernadette M. , Wijffels Susan E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDecadal changes of abyssal temperature in the Pacific Ocean are analyzed using high-quality, full-depth hydrographic sections, each occupied at least twice between 1984 and 2006. The deep warming found over this time period agrees with previous analyses. The analysis presented here suggests it may have occurred after 1991, at least in the North Pacific. Mean temperature changes for the three zonal and three meridional hydrographic sections analyzed here exhibit abyssal warming often significantly different from zero at 95% confidence limits for this time period. Warming rates are generally larger to the south, and smaller to the north. This pattern is consistent with changes being attenuated with distance from the source of bottom water for the Pacific Ocean, which enters the main deep basins of this ocean southeast of New Zealand. Rough estimates of the change in ocean heat content suggest that the abyssal warming may amount to a significant fraction of upper World Ocean heat gain over the past few decades.
Synthesis and Structure of a Carbon Compound Bearing a Sterically Rigid 1,8-Dioxythioxanthylium (or Thioxanthene) Skeleton
Authors: Yamaguchi Torahiko , Yamamoto Yohsuke 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
In order to obtain a pentacoordinate hypervalent carbon compound with two strong apical bonds, a new compound bearing the novel skeleton 4 was synthesized by the two-electron oxidation of 9 followed by deprotonation. The X-ray diffraction data and the NMR spectra showed that the structure of 4 is not pentacoordinate, but tetracoordinate.
Hydrophilic Treatment of Carbon-coated Metal by Plasma Fluorination
Authors: Fukutsuka Tomokazu , Miyano Shin-ichi , Matsuo Yoshiaki , Sugie Yosohiro 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Surface modification of a carbon-coated stainless steel (SUS304) was carried out by nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) plasma irradiation. NF3 plasma irradiation changed the surface wettability of the carbon-coated SUS304 from hydrophobic to hydrophilic.
Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β-Unsaturated N-Acylamides Catalyzed by Dicationic Palladium(II)–(S,S)-Chiraphos Complex
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Yamamoto Yasunori , Miyaura Norio 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed 1,4-addition of arylboronic acids to unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been limitedly used for ketone and aldehyde derivatives. It was found that reaction with N-acylamides exceptionally proceeds with high yields and high enantioselectivities. A dicationic palladium–chiraphos catalyst 3 gave optically active β-arylamides of up to 98% ee.
Immobilization and Hybridization Behavior of DNA on Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-Poly[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]-modified Gold Surfaces
Authors: Yoshimoto Keitaro , Matsumoto Shinya , Asakawa Ryosuke , Uchida Katsumi , Ishii Takehiko , Nagasaki Yukio 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immobilization in a highly oriented manner with controlled ssDNA density on a gold surface was accomplished by surface modification with our original poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-block-oligoamine copolymer, followed by immobilization of thiol-ended ssDNA (ssDNA-SH) on the PEG tethered chain surface. As the length of the polyamine segment in the block copolymer increased, the immobilization amount of ssDNA-SH on the gold surface increased. The constructed surface improved the signal of the hybridization of ssDNA-SH with its target ssDNA, as found by surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurements.
Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-containing Bile Acid Dimers and Properties of Inverse Micellar Mimic
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Ju Yong , Zhao Yufen 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Six new 1,2,3-triazole-containing bile acid dimers, involving head-to-tail, head-to-head, and tail-to-tail three types of steroidal derivatives, have been synthesized via CuI-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction “click chemistry” in high yields. The inverse micellar properties of these compounds were also investigated through hydrophilic dye solubilization studies in nonpolar media.
One-dimensional Structure Consisting of Pin-wheel Cu4Gd Core and Na+ as Connector
Authors: Yabe Kazuya , Maruno Yuji , Towatari Masaaki , Hamamatsu Takefumi , Matsumoto Naohide , Re Nazzareno , Pochaba Andrzej , Mrozinski Jerzy 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A 3d–4f complex with the formula of {Na[(CuL)4Gd]}1∞ was prepared, where (CuL)− is a “ligand-complex,” [N-(4-methyl-6-oxo-3-azahept-4-enyl)oxamato]copper(II). The structure consists of a pin-wheel-like Cu4Gd core and Na+ ion as a connector to give a one-dimensional chain. The magnetic data and their analyses demonstrated an intramolecular ferromagnetic interaction within a Cu4Gd core and an intercore antiferromagnetic interaction operating through Na+ ion with the coupling parameters of J=+1.09 cm−1, zJ′=−0.07 cm−1; SCu=1⁄2, SGd=7⁄2).
Highly Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Carboxamides from Carboxylic Acids and Amines Using Benzenesulfonic Anhydride (BSA)
Authors: Funasaka Setsuo , Kato Koji , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A highly efficient method by using benzenesulfonic anhydride (BSA) in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP) to synthesize carboxamides from various carboxylic acids and amines including sterically hindered ones is established. This reaction proceeds smoothly to provide the desired product in high yield.
Fabrication of Fluorescent and Magnetic Multifunctional Polystyrene Microbeads with Carboxyl Ends
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Dou Hongjing , Li Wanwan , Tao Ke , Xing Bin , Sun Kang 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Here, we present a strategy to fabricate multifunctional polystyrene (PS) microbeads with carboxyl ends which exhibit magnetism and fluorescence. The strategy includes two steps: the preparation of porous PS microbeads with carboxyl-ends by combination of dispersion polymerization and seeded polymerization, and the facile process of embedding quantum dots (QDs) and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into microbeads. The results indicate that the multifunctional PS microbeads (MFMs) can be dispersed in water stably and are well suitable for target encoding, capturing, and enrichment.
A New Route for Preparation of High-density Organic Phase to High Selective HPLC for Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Atom-transfer Radical Polymerization of Octadecyl Acrylate on Silica
Authors: Mallik Abul K , Rahman M Mizanur , Czaun Miklós , Takafuji Makoto , Ihara Hirotaka 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
We have previously reported that poly(octadecyl acrylate) as an organic stationary phase in HPLC shows high molecular-shape selectivity through carbonyl–π interaction on highly ordered structures of long alkyl chains. In this communication, a new “grafting-from” strategy based on surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization is applied for ordering of poly(octadecyl acrylate) on silica to lead to remarkable selectivity increase.
Facile Preparation of Magnesium Ferrite Film via a Single-source Precursor Route
Authors: Yang Lan , Yin Lie , Zhang Yingchao , Lu Yanluo , Li Feng 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A magnesium ferrite film has successfully been fabricated by sintering a single-source Mg–FeII–FeIII layered double hydroxide (LDH) precursor at 900 °C. It is shown that the obtained ferrite film exhibits a promising superparamagnetic behavior.
Porous Magnets Based on Copper–Octacyanotungsten Containing Noncoordinated Alcohol Molecules
Authors: Tsunobuchi Yoshihide , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Shiro Motoo , Hozumi Toshiya , Ohkoshi Shin-ichi 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Two types of molecule-based magnets CuII3[WV(CN)8]2(pyrimidine)2·2-propanol·6H2O (1) and CuII3[WV(CN)8]2(pyrimidine)2·1-butanol·5H2O (2) are prepared. These compounds have a 3-dimensional porous structure, in which a noncoordinated 2-propanol or 1-butanol molecule is penetrated. These compounds show long-range magnetic ordering with Curie temperatures of 8.2 K (1) and 8.4 K (2) although large organic molecules are packed.
A New Water-soluble and Acid-stable Dinuclear Organoiridium Dinitrate Complex
Authors: Kure Bunsho , Fukuzumi Shunichi , Ogo Seiji 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
A new water-soluble and acid-stable dinuclear organoiridium(III) dinitrate complex [{Cp∗Ir(NO3)}2(μ-Cl)2] (1, Cp∗ = η5-C5Me5) was synthesized by the reaction of a water-insoluble organoiridium(III) complex [(Cp∗IrCl)2(μ-Cl)2] (2) with two equivalents of AgBF4 in aqueous nitric acid (1 M HNO3/H2O) at 23 °C for 12 h. The structure of 1 with two monodentate NO3− ligands is discussed in comparison with structure of a mononuclear organoiridium(III) complex with one monodentate and one bidentate NO3− ligands, [Cp∗Ir(NO3)2] (3).
Hydrocracking of Fischer–Tropsch Wax to Diesel-range Hydrocarbons over Bifunctional Catalysts Containing Pt and Polyoxocation-pillared Montmorillonite
Authors: Liu Yanyong , Hanaoka Toshiaki , Murata Kazuhisa , Okabe Kiyomi , Inaba Megumu , Takahara Isao , Sakanishi Kinya 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Bifunctional catalysts containing Pt and polyoxocation-pillared montmorillonite showed high yields of diesel-range hydrocarbons (&gt;70%) in the hydrocracking of Fischer–Tropsch wax due to their weak acid strength, high thermal stability, large surface area, and large pore size.
Consumers' Price Sensitivities Across Complementary Categories
Authors: Duvvuri Sri Devi , Ansari Asim , Gupta Sunil 
Published: November 2007

In this paper, we examine the pattern of correlation among consumer price sensitivities for customer purchase incidence decisions across complementary product categories. We use a hierarchical Bayesian multivariate probit model to uncover this pattern. We estimated this model using purchase incidence data for six categories involving three pairs of complementary products. Our results show a new and interesting pattern of correlation among price parameters of complementary products. For example, we find that the correlation of own-price sensitivities of complementary products is negative. These results are consistent across the three complementary pairs of products. We also investigate the reason for this counterintuitive result. Finally, we present some managerial implications of our model. We show how our model can be used for cross-category targeting decisions by retailers. We find that compared to nontargeted discounting, the average profitability gain from customized discounting across the three category pairs is only 1.29% when complementarity is ignored, but this gain improves to 8.26% when full complementarity is taken into account. We also investigate whether ignoring the complex pattern of correlation has implications for managerial actions regarding targeting and optimal discounting. We find that retailers can make misleading inferences about the impact of targeted discounts when they ignore cross-category effects in modeling.
Anatomical variations in vastus medialis obliquus and its implications in minimally-invasive total knee replacement
Authors: Roberts V. I. , Mereddy P. K. R. , Donnachie N. J. , Hakkalamani S. 
Published: November 2007

The emergence of minimally-invasive total knee replacement (TKR) has led to the refinement of several surgical approaches, including the quadriceps-sparing and sub-vastus. There is some disagreement as to the precise definition of the term ‘minimally-invasive’, especially in regard to the preservation of vastus medialis obliquus (VMO). It is known that the termination of VMO is variable and may make these approaches difficult. We have attempted to assess the factors influencing the insertion of VMO and the impact which they have on the approach for TKR. The MR scans of 198 knees were examined to assess the variation in the insertion of VMO in relation to the patella and the effect of variables such as age, gender and the presence of concurrent osteoarthritis of the knee on the insertion. Our findings showed that both age and the presence of osteoarthritis were contributing factors to changes in the level of insertion of VMO. Therefore, not all capsular incisions which extend proximal to the midpole of the patella will violate the quadriceps tendon.
The instability severity index score
Authors: Balg F. , Boileau P. 
Published: November 2007

There is no simple method available to identify patients who will develop recurrent instability after an arthroscopic Bankart procedure and who would be better served by an open operation. We carried out a prospective case-control study of 131 consecutive unselected patients with recurrent anterior shoulder instability who underwent this procedure using suture anchors. At follow-up after a mean of 31.2 months (24 to 52) 19 (14.5%) had recurrent instability. The following risk factors were identified: patient age under 20 years at the time of surgery; involvement in competitive or contact sports or those involving forced overhead activity; shoulder hyperlaxity; a Hill-Sachs lesion present on an anteroposterior radiograph of the shoulder in external rotation and/or loss of the sclerotic inferior glenoid contour. These factors were integrated in a 10-point pre-operative instability severity index score and tested retrospectively on the same population. Patients with a score over 6 points had an unacceptable recurrence risk of 70% (p < 0.001). On this basis we believe that an arthroscopic Bankart repair is contraindicated in these patients, to whom we now suggest a Bristow-Latarjet procedure instead.
Effect of re-implanted particles from intramedullary reaming on mechanical properties and callus formation
Authors: Hammer T. O. , Wieling R. , Green J. M. , Südkamp N. P. , Schneider E. , Müller C. A. 
Published: November 2007

This study investigated the quality and quantity of healing of a bone defect following intramedullary reaming undertaken by two fundamentally different systems; conventional, using non-irrigated, multiple passes; or suction/irrigation, using one pass. The result of a measured re-implantation of the product of reaming was examined in one additional group. We used 24 Swiss mountain sheep with a mean tibial medullary canal diameter between 8 mm and 9 mm. An 8 mm ‘napkin ring’ defect was created at the mid-diaphysis. The wound was either surgically closed or occluded. The medullary cavity was then reamed to 11 mm. The Reamer/Irrigator/Aspirator (RIA) System was used for the reaming procedure in groups A (RIA and autofilling) and B (RIA, collected reamings filled up), whereas reaming in group C (Synream and autofilling) was performed with the Synream System. The defect was allowed to auto-fill with reamings in groups A and C, but in group B, the defect was surgically filled with collected reamings. The tibia was then stabilised with a solid locking Unreamed Humerus Nail (UHN), 9.5 mm in diameter. The animals were killed after six weeks. After the implants were removed, measurements were taken to assess the stiffness, strength and callus formation at the site of the defect. There was no significant difference between healing after conventional reaming or suction/irrigation reaming. A significant improvement in the quality of the callus was demonstrated by surgically placing captured reamings into the defect using a graft harvesting system attached to the aspirator device. This was confirmed by biomechanical testing of stiffness and strength. This study suggests it could be beneficial to fill cortical defects with reaming particles in clinical practice, if feasible.
Callus distraction for the treatment of acquired radial club-hand deformity after osteomyelitis
Authors: Zhang X. , Duan L. , Li Z. , Chen X. 
Published: November 2007

We report our experience of the use of callus distraction with a monolateral fixator for the treatment of acquired radial club-hand deformity after osteomyelitis. Between 1994 and 2004, 13 patients with a mean age of eight years (4 to 15) were treated by callus distraction with a monolateral fixator after a preliminary period of at least four weeks in a corrective short-arm cast. All patients achieved bony union and were satisfied with the functional and cosmetic outcome. There were no major complications, but three patients required cancellous bone grafting at the docking site for delayed union. Local treatment and oral antibiotics were required for pin-site infection in six patients. There were no deep infection or recurrence of osteomyelitis.
Anatomical study of the placement of proximal oblique locking screws in intramedullary tibial nailing
Authors: Jones B. G. , Mehin R. , Young D. 
Published: November 2007

Intramedullary tibial nailing was performed in ten paired cadavers and the insertion of a medial-to-lateral proximal oblique locking screw was simulated in each specimen. Anatomical dissection was undertaken to determine the relationship of the common peroneal nerve to the cross-screw. The common peroneal nerve was contacted directly in four tibiae and the cross-screw was a mean of 2.6 mm (1.0 to 10.7) away from the nerve in the remaining 16. Iatrogenic injury to the common peroneal nerve by medial-to-lateral proximal oblique locking screws is therefore a significant risk during tibial nailing.
Reconstruction with callus distraction for nonunion with bone loss and leg shortening caused by suppurative osteomyelitis of the femur
Authors: Zhang X. , Liu T. , Li Z. , Peng W. 
Published: November 2007

We present a retrospective study of 27 patients treated by callus distraction using a unilateral external fixator of our own design for nonunion with bone loss and shortening of the femur caused by suppurative osteomyelitis. The unilateral external fixator was used either alone or in combination with an intramedullary nail. The mean age of the patients was 13.6 years (8 to 18). The fixator was used alone in 13 patients and with an intramedullary nail in 14. The bone results at a mean follow-up of 88 months (37 to 144) were excellent in 16 patients and good in 11. The functional results were excellent in 18 patients and good in nine. However, four patients still had draining sinuses at the latest follow-up. A residual deformity greater than 7° was present in seven femora, but this did not adversely affect function or require further treatment.
The management of ununited fractures of the femoral neck using internal fixation and muscle pedicle periosteal grafting
Authors: Gupta A. 
Published: November 2007

We describe a series of 20 patients with ununited fractures of the femoral neck following neglected trauma or failed primary internal fixation who were seen at a mean of 7.5 months (2 to 18) following injury. Open reduction and internal fixation of the fracture was performed in all patients, together with a myoperiosteal flap on the quadratus femoris muscle pedicle. Union occurred at a mean of 4.9 months (2 to 10) in all patients. The mean follow-up was for 70 months (14 to 144). There was no further progression in six of seven patients with pre-operative radiological evidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. One patient had delayed collapse and flattening of the femoral head ten years after union of the fracture, but remained asymptomatic. This study demonstrates the orthopaedic application of myoperiosteal grafting for inducing osteogenesis in a difficult clinical situation.