bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dehydrogenation of Butyl Alcohols by the Molten-metal Catalysts
Authors: Kashiwadate Ken , Saito Yasuo , Miyamoto Akira , Ogino Yoshisada 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to investigate the catalytic activity of molten metals, the dehydrogenation reactions of n-butyl alcohol, iso-butyl alcohol, and sec-butyl alcohol were carried out in the presence of molten zinc and molten indium (molten gallium was also used for the dehydrogenation of iso-butyl alcohol). According to the experimental results, all of these molten metals showed persistent catalytic activities and high selectivities for all the test reactions, and the decreasing order of the reactivity of the butyl alcohol isomers was found to be sec-butyl alcohol &gt; iso-butyl alcohol &gt; n-butyl alcohol. Among the three molten metals, i.e. Zn, Ga, and In, the activity and the selectivity of the molten zinc catalyst was outstandingly high. Further, kinetic analyses of the data showed that a compensation effect exists between the apparent activaiton energy, Ea, and the logarithmic frequency factor, logA.
Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Calculations of HgNH2Cl and HgNH2Br
Authors: Niwa Kiyoshi , Takahashi Hiroaki , Higasi Keniti , Kajiura Teruo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Infrared spectra of HgNH2Cl and HgNH2Br and the Raman spectrum of HgNH2Cl have been measured in the region from 4000 cm−1 to 30 cm−1. Effects of changing the X(X=Cl,Br) ion were observed mainly in N–H stretching bands and in lattice vibrations. Calculations of normal frequencies were carried out using a force field which includes inter-molecular forces. An assignment of the lattice vibrations was proposed and the force constants were also calculated. The force constants of the inter-molecular hydrogen bonds N–H···Cl and N–H···Br were obtained as 0.212 mdyn/Å and 0.142 mdyn/Å, respectively.
The Extraction of the Cesium Ion with Some Nitrophenols into Nitrobenzene. II. Homoconjugation Studies by Means of Conductivity Measurements
Authors: Tochiyama Osamu , Koyama Mutsuo , Fujinaga Taitiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In connection with the liquid-liquid extraction study of alkali metal nitrophenolates, ionic equilibria taking place in the systems were studied by means of conductivity and solubility measurements. It was revealed that the adduct formation of p- and m-nitrophenolates consisted of homoconjugation, that is, free nitrophenols are attached not to cations, but to the nitrophenolate anions, thus forming the larger anions and being stabilized in the organic phase. Homoconjugation constants of the nitrophenolates, which are independent of the cations present, were measured. The difference in extraction behaviors was interpreted in terms of the solubilities in both aqueous and organic phases and in terms of the homoconjugation constants.
Anomalous Gas Chromatogram Due to the Oxidation of Porous Polymer Beads by a Sample Containing Oxygen Gas
Authors: Soda Reisuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the gas-chromatographic analysis of the organic vapor in the air by means of a Porapak column, a broad peak accompanied by long tailing was observed at column temperatures above a certain value with a flameionization or an electron-capture detector. The cause of that peak was investigated using various gases and columns by changing the column temperature. The conclusion was that oxygen in air reacted with polymer beads even at temperatures lower than that cited in the catalogue as temerature to be employed, and the reaction products gave the anomalous broad peaks. The reaction was considered to consist of the oxygenation of polymer beads to produce carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, formic acid, and the other organic compounds. For Porapak Q and P, the maximum temperature which can be used in safety may be 120°C for an analysis of a sample which consists in greater part of air.
Hot-atom Chemistry of Cobalt-60 Atoms in Neutron Irradiated Organic Solutions of Tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III)
Authors: Tominaga Takeshi , Sakai Takuhiko , Fujiwara Kitao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal neutron irradiation has been carried out on the solutions of tris(acetylacetonato) cobalt(III) in benzene, ethanol, acetone and acetic acid containing various additives such as metallic salts and mineral acids. The 60Co retention in the irradiated solutions has been found to decrease sharply with the increase in the concentration of various metallic salts. This indicates that the thermal diffusive reactions which contribute greatly to the apparent retention in the irradiated solutions can be suppressed by the addition of adequate metallic salts as scavengers. Salts of the metals which can form more stable complexes with acetylacetone (i.e., Fe(III), Cu(II), Al(III), etc.) work as more effective scavengers in these systems. The upper limit for the primary retention of tris(acetylacetonato)cobalt(III) in the benzene solutions has been estimated as 0.00±0.02%. The use of adequate scavengers appears to be a useful technique to determine the primary retention in the irradiated solution systems. The 60Co retention of the solid complex irradiated at dry ice temperature was 1.4–1.5% irrespective of the organic solvents used for dissolution if they contain ferric chloride, while it increased to 2.0% in the absence of the scavenger.
Kinetics of the Reaction of Americium(III) with Peroxydisulfate
Authors: Ohyoshi Akira , Jyo Akinori , Shinohara Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Kinetic studies of the americium(III) oxidation have been made in aqueous solutions. The reaction rates are dependent on the concentrations of hydrogen, peroxydisulfate and the silver ion as catalyzers, and on the reaction temperature. The period of induction observed in the initial stage of reaction varies with the concentration of the reactant and with the reaction temperature. The data follow this rate expression:
−\fracd[Am(III)]dt=Kh(k1+k2[Ag+])[S2O82−][Am(III)]·1⁄[H+]
where Kh is the dissociation constant of hydrogen peroxydisulfate, and where k1 and k2 refer to the silver-ion uncatalyzed and catalyzed paths respectively. The energies of activation were determined to be 28.6 kcal/mol for k1 and 17.4 kcal/mol for k2.
A Study of the Catalytic Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons. XI. The Catalytic Activity of the MoO3–P2O5 and the MoO3–Bi2O3–P2O5 in the Selective Oxidation of Butene, Butadiene, and Furan
Authors: Ai Mamoru , Suzuki Sadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the present work, the vapor-phase partial oxidation of cis-2-butene, butadiene, furan, and maleic anhydride was carried out over MoO3–P2O5 (1 : 0.2 atomic ratio) and MoO3–Bi2O3–P2O5 (1 : 1 : 0.2) with a contact time of 1.6 sec, at a concentration of 0.6–1.0%, and in air, in order to elucidate the difference between the two catalysts in their catalytic specificity for the oxidation of these reactants to maleic anhydride. Over the MoO3–P2O5 catalyst, the selectivities of butene, butadiene, and furan to maleic anhydride were 13, 50, and 78% respectively. Over the MoO3–Bi2O3–P2O5 catalyst, the formation of maleic anhydride from the reactants was very small, that of CO2 was important, and the rate of maleic anhydride destruction was fairly high. It is considered that the MoO3–Bi2O3–P2O5 catalyst has almost the same catalytic specificity as the MoO3–P2O5 in the C4H8→C4H2O3 step, but that its activity for maleic anhydride destruction is so high that maleic anhydride cannot be accumulated.
The Effects of Solvents and Acid Catalysts on the Rearrangement of 2-Benzylidenecyclohexanone Oxide
Authors: Hinoue Kenichi , Nojima Masatomo , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rearrangement of 2-benzylidenecyclohexanone oxide (I) to 2-phenylcycloheptane-1,3-dione (II) was carried out in the presence of a Lewis acid or a Brφnsted acid in various media-liquid sulfur dioxide, benzene, and ether. The only reaction product of I with a Brφnsted acid in these solvents was the rearranged compound, II. In addition to II, 2-(α-halobenzyl)-2-hydroxycyclohexanone, (III) or (IV), was also obtained in the reaction of I with a Lewis acid in solutions. Drastic solvent effects were observed on the rate and the distribution of products in this reaction; however, no solvent effect was observed when a Brφnsted acid, which could donate a proton to I, was used as the catalyst. From the variations in the concentrations of the reactant, the intermediate, and the product during the reaction course, the solvent effects upon the reaction pathways were discussed.
Free-Radical Chlorination of Alkylsilanes. VI. The Hydrogen Abstraction from α-Substituted Hydrosilanes by Chlorinated Methyl Radicals
Authors: Nagai Yoichiro , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Hayashi Masaki , Tajima Eiji , Watanabe Hamao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Relative rates of hydrogen abstraction from Si-H bonds of α-substituted hydrosilanes by the trichloromethyl or the dichloromethyl radical were determined by allowing the hydrosilanes to compete in pairs for a chlorocarbon compound, carbon tetrachloride or chloroform, at 80°C in the presence of benzoyl peroxide. Results show that relative rates of the investigated hydrosilanes toward the trichloromethyl and the dichloromethyl radicals are satisfactorily correlated with the summation of Taft σ values for the substituent on the central silicon atom, giving ρ values of −0.11 and −0.08, respectively. Linear correlations are also found to exist between the relative rates and the 29Si-H coupling constants.
The Constituents of Hops. VI Studies of the Volatile Composition of Humulus lupulus L. during Ripening
Authors: Naya Yoko , Kotake Munio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Evidence is presented for the volatile constituents of hops, not only in the resin glands, the so-called lupulin, but also in the stalk with leaves and in the three crops of cones during ripening. Lupulin shows a specific accumulation of myrcene, and the amount of the volatile constituents increases from fifty times to eight hundred times that in any other part of the plant in the course of ripening. While ripe cones contain neither any germacratrienes, the precursors of several sesquiterpenes, nor any aliphatic aldehydes, the stalk with leaves and the young cones have quite high concentrations of them respectively. Observation suggests that some of the volatile constituents are formed a t an early stage of growth, whilst others are formed later.
Carboxylation of Phenol Derivatives. XX. Syntheses of Phenolpolycarboxylic Acids by the Carboxylation of Alkali Phenoxide in the Presence of Alkali Alkyl Carbonate
Authors: Kito Taketoshi , Hirao Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phenolpolycarboxylic acids, especially hydroxytrimesic acid, were obtained in good yields by heating alkali phenoxide under a carbon dioxide pressure in the presence of alkali alkyl carbonate. Hydroxytrimesic acid was obtained in the best yield by the reaction of potassium phenoxide and potassium alkyl carbonate. In this reaction, neither a superatmospheric pressure nor a high reaction temperature was needed. The formation processes of phenolcarboxylic acids are also discussed.
The Copolymerization of 2-Chloroacrylaldehyde with Styrene
Authors: Matsubara Yoshio , Kavi Parimal R , Yoshihara Masakuni , Maeshima Toshihisa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The copolymerization of α-chloroacrolein (M1) with styrene (M2) has been investigated. An alternating copolymer was obtained without an initiator in dimethyl sulfoxide at 60°C. The formation of a charge-transfer complex between the respective monomers was observed by the continuous-variation method, and it was found that this complex plays an important role in the polymerization. Meanwhile, in the case of the BF3OEt2-catalyzed system, it was observed that the polymerization temperature strongly affected the copolymerizability and the structure of the copolymer.
Syntheses of N-Substituted Carbamimidoylformic Acids
Authors: Yoshimura Juji , Fujimori Kunihiko , Sugiyama Yuichi , Ando Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A few synthetic methods of N-substituted-carbamimidoylformic acid (6) were examined. Among them, condensation of ethyl 1-carbethoxyformimidate or ethyl thiooxamidate with amines and followed by partial hydrolysis gave unsuccessful results, except of the case of benzylamine in the latter reaction. Direct substitution of potassium thiooxamidate (9) with alkylamines in water gave 6, potassium and/or alkylammonium N-substitutedthiooxamidate in fairly good yield, depending on conditions used. The presence of heavy metal ions in the reaction system caused an extensive decomposition of 9, however, the substitution proceeded smoothly by treatment of alkyl- and aryl-ammonium N-unsubstituted- or N-substituted-thiooxamidate in methanol with mercuric oxide or lead oxide to give in a good yield 6 or N,N-disubstituted-carbamimidoylformic acid, respectively.
Adsorptive Properties of Decationated Zeolite for Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons as Observed by Gas Chromatography
Authors: Matsumoto Hiroshige , Futami Hideo , Kato Fumiyoshi , Morita Yoshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The adsorptive properties of decationated zeolite for simple aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes were investigated by means of gas chromatography at 270–330°C. The specific retention volumes of these alkylbenzenes increased with the increase in the sodium ion content and the rise in the pretreatment temperature of zeolite. The adsorption heat was substantially independent of the sodium content, but slightly increased with the rise in pretreatment temperature above 550°C. A linear relationship was found between the decrease in the ionization potential of aromatic hydrocarbons and the increase in the heat of adsorption. For comparison, the adsorption of ethylene was also examined. With the rise of pre treatment temperature of zeolite, the retention volume of ethylene decreased. On introduction of water to the system, the retention volume of ethylene reversibly increased, whereas that of aromatic hydrocarbons decreased. In accordance with the decationation process of zeolite proposed by Hall et al., these aromatic hydrocarbons are adsorbed preferably on tricoordinated aluminum site as well as on sodium ion to form the charge transfer complex, while ethylene interacts with hydroxyl group to form the carbonium ion or hydrogen-bonded complex.
Dielectric Relaxation of 1,2-Dichloroethane and 1,2-Dibromoethane in the Liquid State
Authors: Hasan Abul , Pal Arati , Ghatak Alpana 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The activation energies for dielectric relaxation (ΔHτ) of the gauche rotational isomers of 1,2-dichloroethane and 1,2-dibromoethane in the liquid state have been determined from the dielectric relaxation data obtained from the absorption in 1.62 cm and 3.20 cm microwave regions at different temperatures. The activation energies (ΔHτ) in both the liquids obtained in the present investigation agree fairly well with the values of electrostatic self energy of the polar isomers in the liquid state calculated theoretically by Wada.
Ultrasonic Study on Aqueous Solutions of Amino Acids
Authors: Sasaki Katsutaka , Arakawa Kiyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ultrasonic experiments for aqueous solutions of amino acids (glycine, l-alanine, l-valine, and l-leucine) were carried out by means of pulse technique in order to study the nature of solute-solvent interactions. The sound velocity and absorption coefficient were determined for aqueous solutions in the frequency range 15–45 MHz, at temperatures 10–30°C. No relaxation frequency was observed in all the solutions. The absorption coefficient for glycine solutions at low concentrations is nearly equal to that for pure water. The result is consistent with the idea that glycine molecules behave as a structure breaker within water. Concerning the concentration dependency of sound velocity and absorption, no appreciable difference is observed in various solutions of amino acids in spite of difference in the size of hydrocarbon side chains in solute molecules. It is concluded that the behavior of l-alanine and its higher homologues in water dose not differ from that of glycine.
The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of Olefins Adsorbed on the Platinum Catalyst
Authors: Soma Yuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of olefins adsorbed on the platinum catalyst supported on silica were studied. By comparing the absorption bands of olefins adsorbed on the platinum catalyst with the chrage-transfer bands of platinum-olefin complexes, the observed bands could be interpreted as being due to the electronic transition from filled platinum 5d orbitals to the empty π* orbital of adsorbed olefins.
Dependence of ζ-Potential upon Particle Size and Capillary Radius at Streaming Potential Study in Nonaqueous Media
Authors: Kitahara Ayao , Fujii Tadashi , Katano Seiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of particle size and capillary radius on electrokinetic potential (ζ-potential) was studied in order to check the influence of overlapping of the electrical double layer and radius effect on the measured ζ-potential by the streaming potential method. The streaming potential was measured with varying particle size and capillary radius of glass in the benzene solution of (C4H9)4NI. The measurement was carried out over the range where the laminar flow and the Quincke’s law hold. The surface conductance was corrected experimentally. ζ-Potential increased with increase of the particle size in the glass column. It was unsuccessful to obtain the ζ-potential independent of the reduced radius of the capillary pore with the Oldham’s treatment. ζ-Potential increased with increase of the capillary radius. The increase was elucidated by the Wood’s method using the appropriate constants, and the constant ζ-potential which was not affected by the capillary radius was obtained. The value was still different from that obtained by the electrophoretic method, but the difference was considerably small as compared with the previous data.
Infrared Spectra and Lattice Vibrations of Li2SO4·H2O
Authors: Meshitsuka Shunsuke , Takahashi Hiroaki , Higasi Keniti 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Infrared spectra of Li2SO4·H2O and Li2SO4·D2O have been measured from 4000 to 30 cm−1 at room temperature and liquid-nitrogen temperature. Librational bands of the water of crystallization have been observed and the modes of libration are discussed. The normal coordinate analysis of the crystal as a whole has been performed and the observed bands are interpreted. Translational bands of H2O and librational bands of SO4 are also discussed.
Measurements of Optical Absorption Spectra under 60Co-γ Irradiation. Aqueous Methylene Blue Solutions Containing Oxygen
Authors: Ohno Shin-ichi , Sakumoto Akihisa , Sasaki Teikichi , Kawatsura Kiyoshi , Furukawa Katsutoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Aerated aqueous solutions of methylene blue (MB+; 3×10−7 m) were subjected to 60Co-γ rays in the presence of added methanol, ethanol, or d-glucose at dose rates up to 4×1015 eV g−1s−1, and the change in the optical absorption spectrum in the 300–700 nm region was studied using a rapid-scan spectrophotometer (scanning speed: 30 ms/100 nm). In the presence of high concentrations (&gt;10−2 m) of organic substances, it was found that radiation caused a decrease in the absorption due to MB+ at 650 nm (the magnitude of the decrease was proportional to the radiation intensity), and that, on the removal of the radiation source, the original absorption spectrum was restored. This was interpreted as meaning that the radiation-produced leuco-form of methylene blue (MBH) was rapidly oxidized by oxygen. The rate constant, k(MBH+O2), was estimated to be (0.6±0.2)×104 m−1s−1 at neutral pH. In the absence of added organic substances, the permanent decoloration of MB+ took place; this was interpreted as being due to the reaction of MB+with OH-radicals. From the competition kinetic study using 10−4 m methanol, the rate constant, k(OH+MB+), was estimated to be 1.1×10−10 m−1s−1.
Thermoelectric Power of the Iodine Complexes of Aromatic Diamines and Thiazines
Authors: Sano Mizuka , Ohno Koichi , Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermoelectric power of N,N′-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine·I2, N,N′-di-β-naphthyl-p-phenylenedia-mine·I3.5, phenothiazine·I3, and N-methylphenothiazine·I3 was measured in the temperature range from −35 to 140°C. The observed power for each complex was explained by means of the mechanism of mixed conduction of electrons with holes, and the ratio of electron-conduction to hole-conduction was estimated as a function of temperature. In the iodine complexes of the substituted p-phenylenediamines the conductivity due to electrons is found to be larger than that due to holes, while in phenothiazine·I3 holes contribute more to the conductivity. In N-methylphenothiazine·I3, the hole-conduction is predominant in the higher temperature region and the electron-conduction in the lower temperature region.
Anharmonic Potential Functions of Simple Molecules. I. Direct Numerical Diagonalization of Vibrational Hamiltonian Matrix and Its Application to CO and HCl
Authors: Suzuki Isao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The vibrational energy levels of diatomic molecules are related with the harmonic and anharmonic force constants by solving the vibrational Hamiltonian matrix numerically. The associated rotational levels are computed by two different methods; (1) perturbation treatment which utilizes the wave functions obtained, and (2) direct numerical diagonalization of the vibration-rotation submatrices. This approach, combined with the least-squares procedure, is applied to the determination of anharmonic force constants for CO and HCl molecules. Special attention is paid to the truncation effect of potential functions upon the calculated energy levels. Limitations in the usual perturbation method as well as the applicability of the present method to triatomic molecules are discussed.
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Studies on Charge Transfer Interactions in 1,2,4,5-Tetracyanobenzene-Toluene Complex
Authors: Egawa Keiichi , Nakashima Nobuaki , Mataga Noboru , Yamanaka Chiyoe 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Time-resolved CT (charge transfer) fluorescence spectra and the fluorescence rise and decay curves at various wavelengths of the CT fluorescence band have been measured for the 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene (TCNB)–toluene system at various temperatures. The results and detailed studies of the effect of solvent polarity on the fluorescene wavenumbers have demonstrated that the relaxation process is due to the change of structure including the surrounding solvent molecules from the Franck–Condon (F.C.) state to the equilibrium (e.q.) state of the excited complex. This relaxation process causes a large Stokes shift of the CT fluorescence.
Magnetic Properties of Diisothiocyanatobis(thiourea)nickel(II) and Related Complexes
Authors: Emori Shuji , Inoue Motomichi , Kubo Masaji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The magnetic susceptibilities of diisothiocyanatobis(thiourea)nickel(II), diisothiocyanatobis(N,N′-dimethyl-thiourea) nickel(II), diisothiocy anatobis(2-thioimidazolidinone)nickel(II), diisothiocyanatobis(2-thiopyrrolidone)nickel(II), and diisothiocy anatobis(thioacetamide)nickel(II) were observed between the liquid-helium temperature and room temperature. Except for the second complex, antiferromagnetic interaction operates between one-dimensional nickel chains, within each of which ferromagnetic spin coupling exists. The exchange integrals, J within a chain and J′ between chains, were evaluated on the basis of the coupled-double-chain model and the molecular-field model. The absence of interaction between chains in the crystals of the second complex can be accounted for by the presence of bulky N,N′-dimethylthiourea molecules between chains. The antiferromagnetic interactions between chains in the crystals of other complexes are attributable to the presence of bridging arrangements between chains, as is indicated by X-ray analysis.