bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Natural compound plumbagin based inhibition of hIAPP revealed by Markov state models based on MD data along with experimental validations
Authors: Nabi Faisal , Ahmad Owais , Khan Adeeba , Hassan Md Nadir , Hisamuddin Malik , Malik Sadia , Chaari Ali , Khan Rizwan Hasan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman islet amyloid polypeptide (amylin or hIAPP) is a 37 residue hormone co‐secreted with insulin from β cells of the pancreas. In patients suffering from type‐2 diabetes, amylin self‐assembles into amyloid fibrils, ultimately leading to the death of the pancreatic cells. However, a research gap exists in preventing and treating such amyloidosis. Plumbagin, a natural compound, has previously been demonstrated to have inhibitory potential against insulin amyloidosis. Our investigation unveils collapsible regions within hIAPP that, upon collapse, facilitates hydrophobic and pi‐pi interactions, ultimately leading to aggregation. Intriguingly plumbagin exhibits the ability to bind these specific collapsible regions, thereby impeding the aforementioned interactions that would otherwise drive hIAPP aggregation. We have used atomistic molecular dynamics approach to determine secondary structural changes. MSM shows metastable states forming native like hIAPP structure in presence of PGN. Our in silico results concur with in vitro results. The ThT assay revealed a striking 50% decrease in fluorescence intensity at a 1:1 ratio of hIAPP to Plumbagin. This finding suggests a significant inhibition of amyloid fibril formation by plumbagin, as ThT fluorescence directly correlates with the presence of these fibrils. Further TEM images revealed disappearance of hIAPP fibrils in plumbagin pre‐treated hIAPP samples. Also, we have shown that plumbagin disrupts the intermolecular hydrogen bonding in hIAPP fibrils leading to an increase in the average beta strand spacing, thereby causing disaggregation of pre‐formed fibrils demonstrating overall disruption of the aggregation machinery of hIAPP. Our work is the first to report a detailed atomistic simulation of 22 μs for hIAPP. Overall, our studies put plumbagin as a potential candidate for both preventive and therapeutic candidate for hIAPP amyloidosis.
Biogeomorphological response to river restoration of a suburban river with large wood: Creating a restoration vision and cost‐effectively monitoring the response trajectory using the citizen science MoRPh survey
Authors: Shuker Lucy , Gurnell Angela , Hull Toby 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiogeomorphological responses to river restoration are rarely reported. Despite a transition in the emphasis and priorities of river management over the last 40 years from controlling river channel forms and processes to restoring and supporting natural processes, forms and functions, remarkably little information is available on project outcomes. Here, using the example of Beverley Brook within Wimbledon Common, Greater London, UK, we illustrate how standardised detailed monitoring information can be assembled at a very low cost using the citizen science MoRPh survey and we demonstrate the importance of having a pre‐project vision of likely outcomes that can be tracked by the monitoring programme. We show how a pre‐project and five post‐project surveys undertaken over 4 years according to a before‐after‐control‐impact (BACI) design provides scientifically robust data. Analysis of the survey data quantifies the nature, abundance and spatial distribution of restoration interventions, the immediate responses to those interventions, and the ensuing trajectory of biogeomorphological adjustments. Changes in the persistence, size, position, abundance and evolution of habitats reveal the degree to which the restoration achieved the pre‐project biogeomorphological vision and why the recovery trajectory progressed at the observed rate and to the observed end point over 4 years. Our approach has enormous potential for monitoring the outcomes of river interventions. Whilst our project was limited in its spatial scale and focus on physical habitats, we suggest how these limitations could be overcome whilst still containing costs.
Interfacial Electronic Interaction in Amorphous–Crystalline CeOx‐Sn Heterostructures for Optimizing CO2 to Formate Conversion
Authors: Zhu Ying , Sun Xiang , Zhang Rong , Feng Xiaochen , Zhu Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFormate, a crucial chemical raw material, holds significant promise for industrial applications in the context of CO2 electroreduction reaction (CO2RR). Despite its potential, challenges, such as poor selectivity and low formation rate at high current densities persist, primarily due to the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and high energy barriers associated with *OCHO intermediate generation. Herein, one‐step chemical co‐reduction strategy is employed to construct an amorphous–crystalline CeOx‐Sn heterostructure, demonstrating remarkable catalytic performance in converting CO2 to formate. The optimized CeOx‐Sn heterostructures reach a current density of 265.1 mA cm−2 and a formate Faraday efficiency of 95% at −1.07 V versus RHE. Especially, CeOx‐Sn achieves a formate current density of 444.4 mA cm−2 and a formate production rate of 9211.8 µmol h−1 cm−2 at −1.67 V versus RHE, surpassing most previously reported materials. Experimental results, coupled with （density functional theory）DFT calculations confirm that robust interface interaction between CeOx and Sn active center induces electron transfer from crystalline Sn site to amorphous CeOx, some Ce4+of CeOx get electrons and convert to unsaturated Ce3+, optimizing the electronic structure of active Sn. This amorphous–crystalline heterostructure promotes electron transfer during CO2RR, reducing the energy barrier formed by *OCHO intermediates, and thus achieving efficient reduction of CO2 to formate.
Bewertung wesentlicher Einflussgrößen auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit typischer Kerbdetails – experimentelle Untersuchungen
Authors: Bartsch Helen , Seyfried Benjamin , Hofmann Gloria , Feldmann Markus , Ummenhofer Thomas , Kuhlmann Ulrike 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDas Phänomen der Ermüdung spielt in vielen Konstruktionen der modernen Infrastruktur eine große Rolle. Eine hohe Bedeutung kommt daher dem Ermüdungsnachweis von Stahlkonstruktionen zu. Um die Ermüdungsbemessung gemäß DIN EN 1993‐1‐9 effizienter zu gestalten, wurden im Forschungsprojekt EVOKERB wichtige Einflussgrößen auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit von Standardkerbdetails analysiert. Dieser Beitrag präsentiert die zugehörigen experimentellen Untersuchungsergebnisse, bei denen Einflüsse durch Geometrie, Fertigung und Schweißnahtqualität im Fokus stehen. Zusätzlich werden Versuchsdaten aus der Literatur durch eine demnächst der Öffentlichkeit zugängliche Ermüdungsversuchsdatenbank mit einbezogen. Die Datenbank umfasst die wesentliche Datengrundlage von DIN EN 1993‐1‐9. Zusammenfassend zeigt sich, dass anhand der vorgestellten Versuchsergebnisse wichtige Einflüsse auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit typischer Details identifiziert bzw. unwichtige ausgeschlossen werden konnten. Zukünftig wird der Untersuchungsraum durch numerische Simulationen erweitert, sodass allgemeine normative Regelungen abgeleitet werden können. Die Regeln sollen zu einer effizienteren Ermüdungsbemessung beitragen – ein wichtiger Schritt für eine größere Ressourceneffizienz und Nachhaltigkeit im Stahlbau.
Cyclic performance of non‐ductile reinforced concrete columns retrofitted by partial steel plate jacketing: Experiment and numerical analysis
Authors: Yooprasertchai Ekkachai , Juntanalikit Pragasit , Jirawattanasomkul Tidarut , Srivaranun Supasit , Pimanmas Amorn 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the strengthening of non‐ductile reinforced concrete (RC) columns using partial steel‐plate jacketing to enhance ductile capacity. Quasi‐static cyclic loading tests were conducted on three rectangular RC columns with varying shear‐span‐to‐depth ratios, evaluating the effectiveness of steel‐plate jacketing. Results show improved ductile flexural response, high drift capacity, and maintained gravity‐loading capacity under high lateral displacements. A numerical investigation, adopting a multi‐spring fiber section model, predicted cyclic lateral strength, drift ratio, and failure mode, accurately simulating reinforcement behavior and capturing the shear‐strength enhancement due to steel‐plate jacketing. Numerical results demonstrated good agreement with experimental findings. Based on these outcomes, a simple design procedure for retrofitted concrete columns, applicable to design engineers, has been developed and reported in this paper. This study contributes valuable insights into the practical applications of steel‐plate jacketing for non‐ductile RC column retrofitting, offering a comprehensive approach to predicting their seismic performance.
Surfing the fourth wave: An examination of faculty motivation(s) to participate in SoTL
Authors: Cruz Laura , Kelley Jacob , Major Claire , Braxton John M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe purpose of this survey‐based research study was to assess factors that higher education faculty identify as enabling and inhibiting their participation in the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL) across multiple U.S‐based institutions of higher education. Within the current “fourth wave” of SoTL, we identify the need for differentiated strategies to facilitate the participation of a wider range of faculty in emerging questions of teaching, learning, and scholarship.
Effectiveness of betahistine as an add‐on therapy to epley maneuver for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Alsolamy Renad , Alaraifi Abdulaziz K. , Aloqaili Yazeed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEpley maneuver is the most effective treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). Betahistine has been shown to be effective in treating BPPV. This systematic review aims to compare the effectiveness of Epley maneuver with betahistine to Epley maneuver alone in reducing residual dizziness in BPPV.Data SourcesMedline, Embase, and CENTRAL.MethodsWe included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared Epley maneuver with betahistine to Epley maneuver alone for treating BPPV. We evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention using Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), Visual Analog Scale (VAS) for vertigo, and provocation maneuvers. We used the standardized mean difference (SMD) for continuous outcomes and the odds ratio (OR) for the dichotomous outcomes.ResultsA total of eight RCTs that enrolled 516 participants were deemed eligible. Administration of betahistine with Epley maneuver showed no clinically significant difference over Epley maneuver alone in DHI score (SMD: −0.11, 95% confidence interval [CI], −0.57 to 0.34, p = 0.63, I2 = 79%), VAS scores (SMD: −0.57, 95% CI, −1.57 to 0.43, p = 0.26, I2 = 89%), or on provocation maneuvers (OR: 1.84, 95% CI, 0.92 to 3.68, p = 0.08, I2 = 0%) after 1 week of betahistine administration. However, participants who received betahistine combined with Epley maneuver showed a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores after 4 weeks of betahistine administration (SMD: −0.89, 95% CI, −1.30 to −0.49, p < 0.0001, I2 = 33%).ConclusionCombining betahistine with Epley maneuver could improve the outcomes of BPPV in the long term. However, clinical trials with longer follow‐up periods are needed to unravel its efficacy.
Pesticide‐free management of invasive ants impacting ground‐nesting wildlife populations
Authors: King Joshua R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNonnative, invasive ants, and especially the red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, are a widespread threat to ground‐nesting wildlife. In this paper I describe a method of controlling fire ants using hot water. The hot water approach was applied to reduce fire ant impacts on sea turtles and ground‐nesting songbirds and to demonstrate its utility in protection of different ground‐nesting species in different habitats. Fire ant controls using hot water provided 90% or greater control, significantly improving survival of both turtle and bird hatchlings, without the use of pesticides. The success of the method and the availability of necessary equipment shows that hot water control of fire ant populations should be considered as a tool for wildlife affected by fire ants and is useful for a wide variety of scenarios where fire ant controls are desirable or necessary. The method does require that 1) wildlife nest locations are known and that 2) nearby fire ant colonies can be found and treated with hot water. The method can be used as a complement to broadcast or bait‐station baiting strategies or as a stand‐alone method for managing fire ants.
Analytic formulae for inflationary correlators with dynamical mass
Authors: Aoki Shuntaro , Noumi Toshifumi , Sano Fumiya , Yamaguchi Masahide 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Massive fields can imprint unique oscillatory features on primordial correlation functions or inflationary correlators, which is dubbed the cosmological collider signal. In this work, we analytically investigate the effects of a time-dependent mass of a scalar field on inflationary correlators, extending previous numerical studies and implementing techniques developed in the cosmological bootstrap program. The time-dependent mass is in general induced by couplings to the slow-roll inflaton background, with particularly significant effects in the case of non-derivative couplings. By linearly approximating the time dependence, the mode function of the massive scalar is computed analytically, on which we derive analytic formulae for two-, three-, and four-point correlators with the tree-level exchange of the massive scalar. The obtained formulae are utilized to discuss the phenomenological impacts on the power spectrum and bispectrum, and it is found that the scaling behavior of the bispectrum in the squeezed configuration, i.e., the cosmological collider signal, is modified from a time-dependent Boltzmann suppression. By investigating the scaling behavior in detail, we are in principle able to determine the non-derivative couplings between the inflaton and the massive particle.
Logarithmic correction to BPS black hole entropy from supersymmetric index at finite temperature
Authors: Anupam A. H. , Athira P. V. , Chowdhury Chandramouli , Sen Ashoke 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It has been argued by Iliesiu, Kologlu and Turiaci in arXiv:2107.09062 that one can compute the supersymmetric index of black holes using black hole geometry carrying finite temperature but a specific complex angular velocity. We follow their prescription to compute the logarithmic correction to the entropy of BPS states in four dimensions, defined as the log of the index of supersymmetric black holes, and find perfect agreement with the previous results for the same quantity computed using the near horizon AdS2 × S2 geometry of zero temperature black holes. Besides giving an independent computation of supersymmetric black hole entropy, this analysis also provides a test of the procedure used previously for computing logarithmic corrections to Schwarzschild and other non-extremal black hole entropy.
Kosten-Erlös-Aspekte der endovaskulären Versorgung distaler Aortenbogenpathologien im Hinblick auf die Einführung einer neuen thorakalen Seitenarmprothese
Authors: Bischoff Moritz S. , Skrypnik Denis , Fiori Wolfgang , Schöffski Oliver , Böckler Dittmar 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Das gefäßchirurgische Standardverfahren (SV) für die Versorgung distaler Aortenbogenpathologien ist ein Hybridengriff aus linksseitigem karotidosubklavialem Bypass und thorakaler endovaskulärer Aortenreparatur. Vor dem Hintergrund der Einführung einer thorakalen Seitenarmprothese (TBE) war das Ziel dieser Arbeit eine Analyse der Kosten-Erlös-Aspekte beider Verfahren.

Material und Methoden
Es erfolgte eine retrospektive Aufarbeitung von Fällen, die 2017 bis 2022 mittels SV operiert wurden. Um Rückschlüsse auf den Einsatz der TBE vornehmen zu können, wurden für die Erlösberechnungen Hauptdiagnosen und Prozeduren des SV anhand aktueller Klassifikationen (ICD/OPS 2023) rekodiert und nach aG-DRG 2023 neugruppiert. Für die Modellierung der TBE-Erlöse erfolgte eine OPS-Änderung und Neugruppierung.

Ergebnisse
Es konnten 13 Fälle identifiziert werden (mittleres Alter: 62,5 ± 13,8 Jahre; 10 Männer). Nach Neugruppierung lagen folgende DRGs vor: F42Z in n = 5, F51A in n = 4, F08B in n = 2 sowie F07A und F36B in je n = 1. Der Gesamterlös nach Neugruppierung betrug 666.514,13 €, inklusive Zusatzentgelt (ZE) von 132.729,14 €. Bei modellierter TBE-Anwendung wurde ein Gesamterlös von 659.212,19 € erzielt. Im Vergleich zum SV entspricht dies einem Erlösrückgang um 16.886,71 € (geänderte DRG), bei jedoch um 65.559,78 € steigenden ZE-Erlösen (unterschiedliche ZE). Bei TBE-Anwendung können 74 Belegungstage, davon 13,5 Intensivstationsbelegungstage, eingespart werden.

Schlussfolgerung
Eine Kostenüberdeckung erscheint bei Verfahrenswechsel wahrscheinlich – trotz noch nicht geklärter Bepreisung der TBE. Dies ist, bei sich jährlich ändernden DRG-Relativgewichten, in hohem Maße abhängig von der Kodierqualität und der zukünftigen Entwicklung der ZE. Für deren Festsetzung wird eine präzise und transparente Leistungs- und Kostenerfassung benötigt.
Ergebnisse einer deutschlandweiten Weiterbildungsbefragung in der Kinder- und Jugendmedizin – „Das System sieht gar nicht vor, dass Zeit geopfert wird für Weiterbildung“
Authors: Kerth Janna-Lina , Obitz Jonas , Eckhardt Iris 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Die Kinder- und Jugendmedizin ist eines der größten Fachgebiete in Deutschland. Mit der Weiterbildungsordnung von 2018 wird ein Fokus auf Kompetenzen gelegt, die Weiterbildungsstrukturen sind jedoch weiterhin sehr heterogen.

Ziel der Arbeit
Der vorliegende Artikel vergleicht die Weiterbildungsbefragungen von 2019 und 2023 insbesondere im Hinblick auf die Entwicklung der Weiterbildungsqualität, der Arbeitsbelastung und der beruflichen Gratifikationskrisen.

Material und Methoden
Es wurde eine anonyme webbasierte Umfrage mittels eines an andere Weiterbildungsbefragungen angelehnten Fragebogens durchgeführt. Die Ergebnisse wurden statistisch mit GraphPad Prism und mittels qualitativer Inhaltsanalyse ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse
Die Rücklaufquoten betrugen 31 % bzw. 16 %, wobei die Kohorten in ihrer Zusammensetzung vergleichbar waren. Die Kohorte 2023 berichtete über eine geringere Arbeitszufriedenheit, das Ausmaß der beruflichen Gratifikationskrise war jedoch im Vergleich zu 2019 geringer. Die Arbeitsbelastung nahm deutlich zu. Die Befragten schätzten die Qualität der Krankenversorgung als schlechter werdend ein.

Diskussion
Die Ergebnisse unterstreichen die Herausforderungen einer guten Weiterbildung im klinischen und im praktischen Alltag, die jedoch die Grundlage für eine qualitativ hochwertige medizinische Versorgung von Kindern und Jugendlichen darstellt. Hierfür müssen flächendeckend strukturierte Curricula implementiert, die strukturellen Arbeitsbedingungen verbessert und Weiterbildung adäquat finanziert werden, um dem bestehenden Mangel an Ärztinnen und Ärzten, den psychischen und physischen Belastungen der Kinder- und Jugendärztinnen und der Verschlechterung der medizinischen Versorgung entgegenzuwirken.
Unveiling the repressive mechanism of a PPS-like regulator (PspR) in polyhydroxyalkanoates biosynthesis network
Authors: Chen Junyu , Cui Yinglu , Zhang Shengjie , Wu Bian , Han Jing , Xiang Hua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) is a type of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) that exhibits numerous outstanding properties and is naturally synthesized and elaborately regulated in various microorganisms. However, the regulatory mechanism involving the specific regulator PhaR in Haloferax mediterranei, a major PHBV production model among Haloarchaea, is not well understood. In our previous study, we showed that deletion of the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) synthetase-like (pps-like) gene activates the cryptic phaC genes in H. mediterranei, resulting in enhanced PHBV accumulation. In this study, we demonstrated the specific function of the PPS-like protein as a negative regulator of phaR gene expression and PHBV synthesis. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), in situ fluorescence reporting system, and in vitro electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) showed that the PPS-like protein can bind to the promoter region of phaRP. Computational modeling revealed a high structural similarity between the rifampin phosphotransferase (RPH) protein and the PPS-like protein, which has a conserved ATP-binding domain, a His domain, and a predicted DNA-binding domain. Key residues within this unique DNA-binding domain were subsequently validated through point mutation and functional evaluations. Based on these findings, we concluded that PPS-like protein, which we now renamed as PspR, has evolved into a repressor capable of regulating the key regulator PhaR, and thereby modulating PHBV synthesis. This regulatory network (PspR-PhaR) for PHA biosynthesis is likely widespread among haloarchaea, providing a novel approach to manipulate haloarchaea as a production platform for high-yielding PHA.

Key points
• The repressive mechanism of a novel inhibitor PspR in the PHBV biosynthesis was demonstrated
• PspR is widespread among the PHA accumulating haloarchaea
• It is the first report of functional conversion from an enzyme to a trans-acting regulator in haloarchaea
Modified Valente Technique for Cauliflower Ear: Outcomes in Children at Two-Year Follow-Up
Authors: D’Ascanio Luca , Gostoli Eleonora , Ricci Giampietro , De Luca Pietro , Latini Gino , Brenner Michael J , Di Stadio Arianna 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Cauliflower ear deformity, a common sequela of auricular trauma, presents an esthetic and reconstructive challenge. Existing surgical techniques have limitations, including complexity, donor site morbidity, and variable long-term outcomes.

Materials and Methods
In this case series, we present a novel and minimally invasive surgical approach for the correction of cauliflower ear deformity that adapts the Valente otoplasty technique; it combines cartilage debulking with helical rim release and Mustardé mattress stitches to restore ear contour and reduce the risk of recurrence. The procedural steps include bielliptic post-auricular skin and soft tissue incision, release of the cartilaginous spring, removal of excess fibrocartilaginous tissue, cartilage reshaping with suture to restore contour, and tissue redistribution to promote adherence of skin to the cartilage framework.

Results
Outcomes were evaluated in 7 patients (9 ears) with cauliflower ear deformity, assessing surgical duration, complications, patient satisfaction, and esthetic outcomes at two years after surgery. The mean surgical duration per patient was 52 ± 17 minutes, including 2 bilateral procedures. Follow-up at 24 months showed favorable esthetic outcome in all patients with sustained improvements in auricular contour and symmetry with neither loss of the shape nor recurrence of deformity. Patients reported high satisfaction and improved quality of life, with mean Glasgow Children Benefit Questionnaire scores of 99.3 ± 6.3.

Conclusions
This technique thus demonstrated lasting correction of cauliflower ear with favorable cosmetic outcomes, low risk of complications, and high patient satisfaction. Further investigations and longer-term follow-up are warranted to validate the technique's durability and expand its application to older and more diverse patient populations.

Level of Evidence IV
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.