bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in a patient with polycythemia vera
Authors: Nagler Arnon , Hayek Tony , Brenner Benjamin , Eidelman Shmoel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is an infectious process that usually occurs in patients with cirrhosis. There are few reports of SBP in patients with other pathologies such as nephrotic syndrome, acute and chronic hepatitis, cardiac ascites, and ascites secondary to neoplastic disease. We report a patient with polycythemia vera in whom recurrent episodes of SBP occurred 8 months following a portacaval shunt operation for Budd‐Chiari syndrome. Conceivably, the polycythemia vera (PV) complicated by hepatic vein thrombosis and portacaval shunt resulted in significant loss of hepatic reticuloen‐dothelial system function and predisposed the patient to bacterial peritonitis.
Zinc status of children with sickle cell disease: Relationship to poor growth
Authors: Phebus Carol K. , Maciak Barbara J. , Gloninger Margaret F. , Paul Harbajan S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe examined the zinc status of 80 children with sickle cell disease (SCD) and 44 disease‐free sibling controls aged 3 to 18 years. For both patients and controls, variations in serum zinc by age, type of hemoglobinopathy, and growth status were measured. The mean serum zinc concentration of patients was significantly lower than for controls (77.8 ± 9.9 vs. 82.2 ± 9.8 μg/dl, mean ± 1SD, P < .05). Serum levels of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and retinol‐binding protein (RBP), two zinc‐dependent proteins, were also lower among patients (AP: 171 ± 66 vs. 243 ± 97 IU/L, P < .001; RBP: 1.92 ± .9 vs. 2.77 ± .9 mg/dl, P <.001). Patients ≥ 12 years of age (n = 34) had significantly lower zinc levels than those < 12 years (74.5 ± 8.4 vs. 80.3 ± 10.3 μg/dl, P < .01), and children with homozygous SCD (Hb SS, n = 55) had a more pronounced deficiency than those with a variant hemoglobinopathy (76.3 ± 8.9 vs. 81.5 ± 11.5, μg/dl, P < .05). Patients classified as having “poor” growth (height‐for‐age < 5th percentile, n = 24) had a lower serum zinc level than those with “normal” growth (72.8 ± 8.0 vs. 79.8 ± 10.0 μg/dl, P < .01). Dietary intake data, body mass index, and serum total protein and albumin levels were similar for patients and controls, suggesting that zinc deficiency in SCD does not relate to inadequate dietary intake. The origin of low serum zinc levels in children with SCD is more likely to relate to factors such as increased urinary zinc excretion, chronic intravascular hemolysis, and/or zinc malabsorption.
Restriction of blood and marrow CLL‐B cells to free L‐chain IG secretion: Implication for normal B‐cell function and control
Authors: Hopper John E. , O'brien Jamie , Papagiannes Elaine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe culture supernatant immunoglobulin (CSIg) of blood mononuclear cells (MNCs) from 14 patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was determined using a panel of. nanogram‐sensitive radioimmunoassays that measured IgM, IgG, IgA, total K‐lg, and total λ‐lg. Bone marrow cells from three patients were also cultured and the blood and marrow CSIg results were compared. The CSIg of 1‐day cultures was employed as a measure of shedded surface membrane lg (Smlg) for the 7‐ and 14‐day cultures. Adjusting for shedded Smlg, it was found that in resting unstimulated conditions, monotypic free light (L) chain was virtually the only identifiable secreted lg product in 12 of 14 blood MNC cultures and in three of three marrow cell cultures. In pokeweed mitogen (PWM)‐stimulated cultures, monotypic free L chain also dominated, except for significant polyclonal Ig secretion found in three cultures from residual normal blood MNCs. The secretion by CLL‐B cells of significant amounts of free L chain with a virtual absence of whole Ig raises important questions about the presence and function of phenotypically equivalent normal B cells in blood and bone marrow, and also the immunological role of secreted free L chain. Noting recent evidence that PWM‐stimulated normal blood MNCs secrete significant amounts of polyclonal free L chain, the argument is advanced that normal blood and bone marrow contain B cells of CLL‐B phenotype and that secreted free L‐chain‐bearing clonal idiotypic markers interact with autologous cells of the idiotypic regulatory network and possess a key role in the regulation of clonal growth and Ig synthesis.
Guidelines for clinical protocols for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Recommendations of the national cancer institute‐sponsored working group
Authors: Cheson Bruce D. , Bennett John M. , Rai Kanti R. , Grever Michael R. , Kay Neil E. , Schiffer Charles A. , Oken Martin M. , Keating Michael J. , Boldt David H. , Kempin Sanford J. , Foon Kenneth A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe National Cancer Institute (NCI)‐sponsored Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Working Group was convened to develop a set of standardized eligibility, response, and toxicity criteria for clinical trials. We recognized the previous efforts in 1967 published again in 1973 as the report of the Chronic Leukemia‐Myeloma Task Force [1] and 1978 of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) [2]. We have used these reports for guidance during the current effort. Several noteworthy developments in the past few years have made it necessary to modify the previous guidelines. First, the diagnostic criteria for CLL and its clinical staging have been developed and well defined. Second, although staging systems facilitated entry of comparable and relatively homogeneous groups of patients in clinical trials, the definitions of response (CR) and partial response (PR) were not uniformly adopted from the previous guidelines in the clinical trials (Tables IA, IB); therefore, comparisons of results obtained in different studies became difficult. Third, there has been an improvement in our understanding of the immunology and biology of CLL. Finally, we are witnessing the emergence of several chemotherapy agents that promise impressive activity in CLL (e.g., 2′‐deoxycoformycin [3], fludarabine monophos‐phate [4,5]), and thereby offer the potential for improving survival time in this disease. To best identify regimens worthy of continued pursuit in large comparative trials, standardized guidelines for evaluation are essential. A number of laboratory investigations are also presented for which scientific interest is high yet relevance remains to be determined; thus, they are presented as companion studies to the clinical trials. This mechanism allows for flexibility in the testing of these questions and for additional ideas in the future without requiring modification of an entire treatment protocol.
Transient bone marrow aplasia associated with non‐A, non‐B hepatitis
Authors: Dhingra Kapil , Michels Sheryl D. , Winton Elliott F. , Gordon David S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe describe two patients who developed aplastic anemia early in the course of non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Spontaneous rapid recovery of bone marrow function occurred in both patients. Although early bone marrow transplantation has been recommended as the treatment of choice in hepatitis‐associated aplastic anemia, these patients illustrate the need for a period of expectant observation before undertaking bone marrow transplantation in such patients.
Acyclovir in the treatment of aplastic anemia
Authors: Gómez‐Almaguer David , Marfil‐Rivera Javier , Kudish‐Wersh Alex 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight patients with idiopathic severe aplastic anemia received acyclovir as the initial treatment to ascertain if this antiviral therapy could be effective. Three patients showed improvement, but only one had a sustained recovery. The responses could be coincidental, but it seems that some patients can benefit from acyclovir. More studies are needed on the role of viruses and antiviral therapy in relation to severe aplastic anemia.
Extensive bone marrow necrosis in patients with cancer and tumor necrosis factor activity in plasma
Authors: Knupp Charles , Pekala Phillip H. , Cornelius Peter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTumor necrosis factor (TNF), a macrophage secretory protein produced by peripheral blood monocytes from patients with cancer, has been shown to possess cytotoxicity toward tumor cells in vitro. TNF in the blood of individuals with cancer is usually not detectable except with extremely sensitive radioimmunoassay or enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods. We have encountered two patients with the rate syndrome of extensive bone marrow necrosis in association with cancer. The first patient presented with marrow failure secondary to necrosis and was found to have adenocarcinoma in thoracic lymph nodes, lung, and marrow lymphatics at autopsy. Plasma tested at two dilutions (1:200 and 1:2,000) contained TNF at a concentration of 8.3 ng/ml, or 80 U/ml by a cytotoxicity assay using LM cells. The presence of TNF was confirmed with immunoblotting. The second patient had a poorly differentiated lymphoid tumor involving bone marrow, pancytopenia, and marrow necrosis. The plasma cytotoxicity assay indicated the presence of 0.7 ng/ml or 7 U/ml TNF. TNF was not detectable in plasma from six other patients with untreated cancer involving bone or bone marrow using either of our methods. The levels of TNF in the two patients with marrow necrosis were greater than those previously measured by others in patients with cancer but were comparable to those noted in patients with lethal sepsis. Since large doses of TNF have been shown to cause organ necrosis in animals, the data presented here are consistent with TNF involvement in mediating the observed marrow necrosis in our patients.
High‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma relapsing as low‐grade follicular lymphoma: So‐called downgraded lymphoma
Authors: Kerrigan Daniel P. , Foucar Kathy , Dressler Lynn 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEvolution of low‐grade Non‐Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) into a more aggressive neoplasm is a common, well‐documented event in NHL. The reverse process, in which a less aggressive component becomes evident during the course of treatment for a highergrade NHL, has only recently been recognized. This lymphoma “downgrading” has been reported at the time of relapse in both radiation‐ and chemotherapy‐treated patients who initially presented with high‐ or intermediate‐grade lymphoma. The etiology of this unusual transformation has not yet been determined. We present the clinical, morphologic, immunologic, and flow‐cytometric features of a patient with diffuse immunoblastic lymphoma who achieved a complete response to chemotherapy and then relapsed with follicular small‐cleaved‐cell lymphoma 3 years later. Morphologic and immunophenotypic findings suggest that both immunoblasts and small cleaved cells were present in the initial biopsy. DNA content analysis of the initial and relapse biopsies suggests that the immunoblastic component was more susceptible than the small cleaved cells to the chemotherapy that the patient received. Successful eradication of the rapidly proliferating immunoblasts with survival of less rapidly proliferating small cleaved cells may account for the unusual histologic transformation seen in this case.
Malignant chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells elaborate soluble factors that down‐regulate T cell and NK function
Authors: Burton Jack D. , Weitz Carol H. , Kay Neil E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine if the frequently observed T celt and natural kitler dysfunction in B‐chronic lymphocytic leukemia might be related to the presence of large numbers of malignant B cells, we studied the effects of secretory or shed products of CLL B cells on normal (control) T cell and NK function. The cell‐free supernatants from CLL B cells cultured from 24 to 48 hr inhibited a variety of T cell functions including: PHA‐induced proliferation, PHA‐stimulated entry of T cells into the cell cycle, and PHA‐induced production of interleukin‐2. In addition, B‐CLL supernatants diminished control NK activity. Purified control B cells and other malignant cell lines produced little or no inhibitory activity toward these T cell or NK functions. The sera from these same B‐CLL patients diminished PHA‐induced interleukin‐2 production by control T cells. Initial molecular characterization of the inhibitory factor(s) revealed it to be of low molecular weight (< 5000 daltons) with loss of functional activity after treatment with neuraminidase. This suggested that this substance might be either a ganglioside or glycoprotein whose inhibitory activity depends on the presence of a sialic acid moiety. If CLL B celts are capable of secreting or shedding immunosuppressive factors), then alteration of this property may result in a more normal immune system for these patients.
Studies of the proliferation and differentiation of immature myeloid cells in vitro. II. Acute myelogenous leukemia
Authors: Wang Zique , Gao Xue Zhi , Preisler Harvey D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmature myeloid celts prepared from patients with AML were placed into suspension culture and studied over a 2‐week period. Cell numbers usually fell and viability was not well maintained. Some degree of differentiation was observed in most cultures. Considering these observations, together with those derived from parallel studies of immature CML cells, the data suggest that AML cells are more dependent than CML cells on environmental conditions for the maintenance of cell viability and proliferation. This is especially the case for AML cells obtained at the time of initial diagnosis. On the other hand, AML cells and myeloid blastic crisis CML cells are similar with respect to their apparent greater ability to differentiate in vitro than in vivo. The addition of recombinant hemopoietins to the suspension cultures of AML cells is associated with either increased proliferation or differentiation but not both. The cells of different patients respond differently to the different hemopoietins and the different hemopoietins produce different affects in cultures of cells obtained from the same patient.
Altered cytokine activities are related to the suppression of synthesis of normal immunoglobulin in multiple myeloma
Authors: Kawano Michio , Iwato Koji , Asaoku Hideki , Tanabe Osamu , Tanaka Hideo , Ishikawa Hideaki , Kuramoto Atsushi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe content of peripheral blood B cells (B1+) was reduced in patients of multiple myeloma (MM) and not in those with benign monoclonal gammopathy (BMG) compared to normal donors (P < 0.01). This observation correlated with the suppression of synthesis of normal immunoglobulin (Ig) in MM. Thus, cytokine activities regulating the proliferation of normal mature B cells, such as B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF‐1)/ inlerleukin 4 (IL‐4), B cell growth inhibitory factor (BIF) and IL‐2 in peripheral blood T cells, and IL‐1 in peripheral blood adherent cells, were investigated in patients with BMG (n ‐ 7) and MM (n = 28). All patients of MM having a marked suppression of synthesis of all other normal Ig, had significantly lower levels of BSF‐1 activity and inversely higher levels of BIF activity than those of normal donors. However, patients with BMG having no suppression of synthesis of normal Ig had BSF‐1 and BIF activities similar to normal donors. There was no significant difference in IL‐1 and fL‐2 activities between both normal donors and BMG versus MM patients. These data show that in MM altered cytokine activities correlate with suppression of synthesis of normal Ig.
Erythrocyte enzyme activities in myelodysplastic syndromes: Elevated pyruvate kinase activity
Authors: Tani Kenzaburo , Fujii Hisaichi , Takahashi Keisuke , Kodo Hideki , Asano Shigetaka , Takaku Fumimaro , Miwa Shiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe erythrocyte enzyme activities in twenty‐six cases of myelodysplastic syndromes were determined. There were remarkably abnormal levels in seven cases; namely, four cases showed increased hexokinase activity, three cases showed increased pyruvate kinase activity, and two cases showed increased adenosine deaminase activity. Among these, one case with elevated pyruvate kinase activity showed the novel expression of M2‐type pyruvate kinase activity, in addition to the R‐type pyruvate kinase activity normally found in erythrocytes. Southern blotting of peripheral leucocyte DNA revealed only an amplified PK‐LR genome, which derived from the chromosomal abnormality of a 1;7 translocation. The mechanism responsible for switching M2‐type to R‐type during erythroid maturation was considered to be partially disrupted in this case.
Primary lymph node presentation of angiocentric lymphoma associated with features of a hemophagocytic syndrome
Authors: Kueck Brian D. , Hanson Curtis A. , Weissman David E. , Bayliss Katherine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe spectrum of post‐thymic T‐cell neoplasia includes the angiocentric immunoproliterative lesions, a group of disorders histologically exhibiting vascular infiltration and destruction; included among these disorders is angiocentric lymphoma. In contrast to the typical extranodal presentation seen in the angiocentric immunoproiiferative lesions, this report describes a case of angiocentric lymphoma presenting as primary lymph node disease with clinicopathologic findings mimicking a hemophagocytic syndrome. Rearrangement of the T‐cell receptor beta chain documents this case to be a clonal T‐cell neoplasm. The association of this distinct histologic type of T‐cell malignancy with hemophagocytic syndromes is reviewed.
Trephine needle bone marrow biopsy in the initial staging of Hodgkin disease: Sensitivity and specificity of the ann arbor staging procedure criteria
Authors: Ellis Mark E. , Diehl Louis F. , Granger Elder , Elson Edward 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to test the value of the Ann Arbor staging procedures committee criteria in defining a group of newly diagnosed patients with Hodgkin disease who do not have involvement of the bone marrow and do not need this procedure performed. One hundred sixty‐six bilateral and 16 unilateral trephine bone marrow biopsies were performed in a consecutive series of 182 patients undergoing initial staging for Hodgkin disease. Bone marrow involvement was found in 13 patients. Advanced stage, defined as stage III or IV, occurring in 92%, anemia occurring in 100%, and “B” symptoms present in 100% were found to be the most sensitive indicators for bone marrow involvement. Osseous disease (99%), platelet count < 150,000/mm3 (98%), and WBC < 4,800/mm3 (94%) were the most specific parameters. The known association of bone marrow involvement with older patients, lymphocyte depleted histology, lower blood cell counts, anemia, advanced stage, and poorer survival is verified. The Ann Arbor staging procedures committee criteria for performing a bone marrow biopsy were shown to be 100% sensitive and 40% specific. Use of these criteria would have found all 13 patients with bone marrow involvement. Of the 73 patients who did not meet the criteria, no patient had bone marrow involvement. Use of the Ann Arbor staging procedures committee criteria is recommended.
Differential nucleolus organizer activity in normal and leukemic bone marrow
Authors: Arden K. C. , Johnston D. A. , Cork A. , Pathak S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA cytochemical technique that uses silver nitrate staining has been used to study the nucleolus organizer activity in bone marrow cells from 13 patients with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), 11 patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), 7 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), and 4 healthy persons. Our results indicate that the nucleolus organizer region (NOR) activity was significantly lower in the control group than in the ALL patients. The NOR activity level was significantly lower in both the CML patients in chronic phase and the AML patients than in the ALL group and similar to the control group. These disease‐related differences in NOR activity as detected by silver staining can be used as diagnostic procedure in evaluating human leukemias.
Coexistence of myelodysplastic syndrome and untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia with development of acute myeloid leukemia immediately after treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Bracey Arthur W. , Maddox Anne‐Marie , Immken Ladonna , Hsu Su Ming , Marks Michael E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 72‐year‐old man originally seen for anemia and thrombocytopenia was determined to have chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow examination at the time of CLL diagnosis revealed a small but significant population of atypical blasts. Cytogenetic analysis of the bone marrow aspirate disclosed chromosomal abnormalities (‐7, +8) suggestive of a myelodysplastic syndrome. Shortly after treatment of the CLL, there was proliferation of the previously noted blast population, which cytochemical studies demonstrated to be of the myeloid series thus indicating acute myeloid leukemia superimposed on CLL. This report presents microscopic, cytogenetic, immunophenotypic, and cytochemical evidence to document the evolution of acute myeloid leukemia in the bone marrow of a patient with CLL after one course of chemotherapy.
Platelet survival and turnover: Important factors in predicting response to splenectomy in immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Authors: Siegel Robert S. , Rae Janice L. , Barth Susan , Coleman R. Edward , Reba Richard C. , Kurlander Roger , Rosse Wendell F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAutologous indium‐111 platelet sequestration and survival studies were performed on 59 immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) patients, 21 of whom underwent splenectomy shortly thereafter. Sequestration patterns were primarily splenic in 46 patients, primarily hepatic in 6 patients, and both splenic and hepatic in 8 patients. The mean platelet survival ranged from 15 to 211 hr (normal, 180‐220 hr), and mean platelet turnover (a measure of platelet production rate) varied from 99 platelets/μl/hr to 7,585 platelets/μl/hr (normal 1,200‐1,600 platelets/μl/hr). Among splenectomy patients, 13 had an excellent response, and 8 had a fair or poor response. Neither the pattern of platelet sequestration nor the quantity of platelet‐associated IgG was useful in predicting response to splenectomy. There was, however, a striking correlation between platelet studies showing short survival/high turnover and subsequent excellent responses to splenectomy. Conversely, patients with only moderately decreased survival and low turnover had an unpredictable response to splenectomy. This investigation demonstrates that ITP patients are a heterogeneous population and include a significant subset whose thrombocytopenia results primarily from decreased turnover. Platelet kinetic studies appear useful in predicting beneficial response to splenectomy.