bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimal protein concentration in diets for sows during the transition period
Authors: Johannsen Jakob C , Sørensen Martin T , Theil Peter K , Bruun Thomas S , Farmer Chantal , Feyera Takele 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the optimal concentration of dietary protein required in transition diets for multiparous sows that enhance the farrowing process, colostrum production, and subsequent lactation performance. Forty-eight multiparous sows were allotted to one of six dietary treatments according to body weight (290 ± 3 kg) and parity (3.8 ± 0.2) from day 108 of gestation until 24 h after the onset of farrowing. The diets were isoenergetic and contained increasing concentrations of dietary protein (expressed as standardized ileal digestible [SID] Lys) and were supplied at a daily feed supply of 3.8 kg. On day 108 of gestation and days 2, 7, 14, 21, and 28 of lactation, body weight, and back fat thickness were recorded, and blood was sampled on day 108 of gestation, at the onset of farrowing, and days 3, 10, 17, and 24 of lactation from the sows for analysis of plasma metabolites. On day 115 of gestation, urine, and feces were collected for nitrogen (N) balance. The number of liveborn and stillborn piglets and time of birth were recorded and blood from every fourth piglet was sampled at birth for blood gas analysis. Piglets were weighed individually from birth until weaning, to estimate the colostrum and milk yield of the sows. Colostrum and milk samples were collected, and their compositions were determined. On days 3 and 28 of lactation, sows were injected with deuterium oxide to estimate body composition. The N utilization was maximized when the concentration of SID Lys in the transition diet was 6.06 g/kg (P &lt; 0.01). When urinary concentrations of urea were expressed relative to creatinine, the relative concentration of urea remained low until a dietary concentration of 6.08 g SID Lys/kg, above which the relative concentration of urea increased (P &lt; 0.01). Stillbirth rate increased linearly with increasing SID Lys concentration in the transition diet (P &lt; 0.001), thus the concentration of SID Lys should be kept as low as possible without impairing sow performance excessively. A carry-over effect on milk yield was observed, showing that a dietary SID Lys concentration of 5.79 g/kg during transition optimized milk production at an average yield of 13.5 kg/d (P = 0.04). Increasing loss of body fat in lactation was observed with increasing SID Lys concentration in the transition diet (P = 0.03). In conclusion, the transition diet of multiparous sows should contain 5.79 g SID Lys/kg when fed 3.8 kg/d (13.0 MJ ME/kg), for a total SID Lys intake of 22 g/d.
Maggots cannot live on meat meal alone: production parameters for mass rearing of the ovoviviparous blowfly, Calliphora dubia (Diptera: Calliphoridae)
Authors: Cook David F , Tufail Muhammad Shoaib , Voss Sasha C , Howse Elliot T , Rogers Ella K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study determined a cost-effective larval diet for rearing Calliphora dubia Macquart for use as a potential managed pollinator in Australia. This fly has potential as a pollination species to support honey bees (Apis mellifera). Larvae of C. dubia were reared mostly in meat meals with varying amounts of either whole egg powder, whole eggs (+ shell), bran flakes, skimmed milk powder, brewer’s yeast, or poultry oil. This was done from an economic and production perspective to support commercial rearing. Several laboratory-based studies determined the growth and output from various ingredient combinations. Larvae fed 90% meat meal and 10% whole egg powder developed rapidly through to pupation with a high pupation rate, adult size, and percent adult emergence. Given the high cost and difficulty in sourcing whole egg powder, media comprising mostly meat meals with the addition of bran flakes and whole eggs also supported rapid larval development, pupation rate, and adult emergence. The ideal amount of media/larvae was 0.5 g/larvae to support high pupation rates and adult emergence. Adult eclosion occurred over 4–5 days, even when larvae were laid and fed within 1 h on ample media. Commercial mass rearing would then require daily cohorts of larvae to ensure peak adult fly emergence over 1–2 days for release into a crop. Mass-rearing C. dubia should use meat meal as the base ingredient with bran flakes and whole eggs added and fed at 0.5 g of media/larvae. Based on the current media ingredient costs, rearing 1-m adult C. dubia would cost just over $500 (US$342).
Cross-checking the recitals: the exclusion of ‘the mere provision of physical facilities’ from the right of communication to the public in recent CJEU case law
Authors: Mütter Victor 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In its two recent decisions in Blue Air Aviation and Ocilion IPTV, the Court of Justice of the European Union has considered the exclusion of ‘the mere provision of physical facilities’ from the scope of the right of communication to the public under Article 3 of Directive 2001/29 (InfoSoc Directive). This article explores whether the understanding applied by the Court in these decisions is consistent with the international origins of the exclusion and previous case law of the Court. The article explains why the decision in Blue Air Aviation seems to diverge from previous case law, while this does not appear to be the case in Ocilion IPTV. Further, the article argues that the uncertainties regarding the scope of the concept of ‘act of communication’ is caused by the Court’s extensive understanding of indispensability, rather than its interpretation of ‘the mere provision of physical facilities’.
Racial and ethnic associations with comprehensive cancer center access and clinical trial enrollment for acute leukemia
Authors: Hantel Andrew , Brunner Andrew M , Plascak Jesse J , Uno Hajime , Varela Juan C , Luskin Marlise R , Rebbeck Timothy R , Stone Richard M , Lathan Christopher S , DeAngelo Daniel J , Abel Gregory A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Clinical trial participation at Comprehensive Cancer Centers (CCC) is inequitable for minoritized racial and ethnic groups with acute leukemia. CCCs care for a high proportion of adults with acute leukemia. It is unclear if participation inequities are due to CCC access, post-access enrollment, or both.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with acute leukemia (2010-2019) residing within Massachusetts, the designated catchment area of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center (DF/HCC). Individuals were categorized as non-Hispanic Asian (NHA), Black (NHB), White (NHW), Hispanic White (HW), or Other. Decomposition analyses assessed covariate contributions to disparities in (1) access to DF/HCC care and (2) post-access enrollment.

Results
Of 3698 individuals with acute leukemia, 85.9% were NHW, 4.5% HW, 4.3% NHB, 3.7% NHA, and 1.3% Other. Access was lower for HW (age- and sex-adjusted OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.45 to 0.90) and reduced post-access enrollment for HW (aOR = 0.54, 95% CI =0.34 to 0.86) and NHB (aOR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.39 to 0.92) compared to NHW. Payor and socioeconomic status (SES) accounted for 25.2% and 21.2% of the +1.1% absolute difference in HW access. Marital status and SES accounted for 8.0% and 7.0% of the -8.8% absolute disparity in HW enrollment; 76.4% of the disparity was unexplained. SES and marital status accounted for 8.2% and 7.1% of the -9.1% absolute disparity in NHB enrollment; 73.0% of the disparity was unexplained.

Conclusions
A substantial proportion of racial and ethnic inequities in acute leukemia trial enrollment at CCCs are from post-access enrollment, the majority of which was not explained by sociodemographic factors.
A young female patient with multiple unilateral low-grade oncocytic renal tumors and angiomyolipoma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Xu Yi , Jiang Xuewen , Meng Hui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We identified a young female patient admitted for suspected renal malignancy. Partial nephrectomy was performed after imaging evaluation and discussion. Postoperative biopsy pathology reported multiple low-grade eosinophilic renal tumors (LOTs) with angiomyolipoma growth. After reviewing the data, we found that LOT was mostly solitary and occurred in middle-aged and elderly patients. This case is unique and we share it to improve the understanding of this disease.
A rare presentation of spontaneous splenic rupture from plasma cell leukaemia—a case report
Authors: Khatri Hershil , Kim Nakhyun , Chuang Tzu-Yi (Arron) , Lamparelli Michael 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Spontaneous/atraumatic splenic rupture is rare, and often associated with underlying infectious disease, or haematological malignancy. Plasma cell leukaemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive subtype of multiple myeloma, with a higher prevalence of hepatosplenomegaly with a bleeding diathesis from secondary to thrombocytopaenia. We report the case of an 82-year-old male presenting to the emergency department with altered mentation and complaints of left abdominal pain. He presented with haemorrhagic shock. Imaging revealed a spontaneous splenic rupture. He underwent emergency laparotomy and splenectomy for which the histopathology yielded a diagnosis of PCL as the cause for rupture. He received four courses of bortezomib and hyperCVAD 1A therapy. After a long 64-day admission, he recovered well and was discharged home with outpatient haematology/oncology follow-up.
Comparison of safety and effectiveness between etanercept biosimilar LBEC0101 and reference in patients with rheumatoid arthritis in real-world data using the KURAMA cohort
Authors: Kawakami Tomoya , Masui Sho , Onishi Akira , Onizawa Hideo , Fujii Takayuki , Murakami Kosaku , Murata Koichi , Tanaka Masao , Shimada Takashi , Nakagawa Shunsaku , Matsuda Shuichi , Morinobu Akio , Terada Tomohiro , Yonezawa Atsushi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Biosimilars are anticipated to be widely used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), owing to their cost efficiency; LBEC0101 was the first etanercept (ETN) biosimilar approved in Japan. However, there are limited real-world data comparing its safety and effectiveness with those of a reference product.

Methods
This study used data from the Kyoto University Rheumatoid Arthritis Management Alliance cohort, including patients with RA who received ETN therapy—ETN reference product (ETN-RP) or LBEC0101—between 2015 and 2021. Serum ETN levels were measured using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry.

Results
The 1-year continuation rates of ETN-RP and LBEC0101 were 58.7% and 74.4%, respectively. Effectiveness of treatment was evaluated in 18 patients; both products significantly reduced the 28-joint RA disease activity score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). Moreover, to determine equivalence, we analysed 11 patients who switched from ETN-RP to LBEC0101; the DAS28-ESR and serum ETN levels before and after switching were not significantly different.

Conclusions
This real-world cohort study confirmed that the biosimilar of ETN, LBEC0101, was comparable to the reference product in terms of continuation rate, effectiveness at initiation of introduction, and effect persistence before and after switching in clinical practice.
Assessing the Appropriateness of Antimicrobial Prescribing in the Community Setting: A Scoping Review
Authors: Okonkwo Rose I , Grant Gary , Ndukwe Henry , Mohammed Zabiuddin Ahad , Khan Sohil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
This scoping review examined the concept and scope of appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing in the community setting and how it has been measured.

Methods
Utilizing the Joanna Briggs Institute’s methodology, we appraised peer-reviewed articles and unpublished studies, focusing on the US, UK, Canada, and Australia, with no limit to date.

Results
Four basic components of antimicrobial prescribing to be evaluated during assessment of antimicrobial appropriateness in the community setting were identified: diagnosis for infection or indication for antimicrobial therapy, choice of antimicrobial therapy, dosing, and duration of therapy. The benchmark for definition of appropriateness is crucial in assessing antimicrobial prescribing appropriateness. The use of recommended guidelines as a benchmark is the standard for appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and when necessary, susceptibility testing should be explored.

Conclusions
Studies evaluating the appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing should assess these components of antimicrobial prescribing, and this should be clearly stated in the aim and objectives of the study.
Acute Hepatitis due to Primary Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
Authors: Elliott Eric I , Smith Daisy , Lipscomb Jonathan , Banini Bubu , Meurer Lindsay , Vanderford Thomas H , Johnson Jeffrey A , Jain Dhanpat , Achhra Amit 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The acute retroviral syndrome may present with diverse systemic manifestations and laboratory abnormalities. Here we present a rare case of primary human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causing severe acute hepatitis. Liver histopathology demonstrated a pattern of lymphocytic inflammation consistent with acute hepatitis, high levels of HIV proviral DNA were detected within liver tissue, and immunofluorescence showed HIV p24 antigen within immune and parenchymal cells including hepatocytes. We review the literature pertaining to HIV infection of cell compartments within the liver and discuss the implications for HIV-associated acute liver disease.
Combined genome and transcriptome analysis of elite fiber quality in Gossypium barbadense
Authors: Song Xiaohui , Zhu Guozhong , Su Xiujuan , Yu Yujia , Duan Yujia , Wang Haitang , Shang Xiaoguang , Xu Haijiang , Chen Quanjia , Guo Wangzhen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gossypium barbadense, which is one of several species of cotton, is well known for its superior fiber quality. However, the genetic basis of its high-quality fiber remains largely unexplored. Here, we resequenced 269 G. barbadense accessions. Phylogenetic structure analysis showed that the set of accessions was clustered into 3 groups: G1 and G2 mainly included modern cultivars from Xinjiang, China, and G3 was related to widely introduced accessions in different regions worldwide. A genome-wide association study of 5 fiber quality traits across multiple field environments identified a total of 512 qtls (main-effect QTLs) and 94 qtlEs (QTL-by-environment interactions) related to fiber quality, of which 292 qtls and 57 qtlEs colocated with previous studies. We extracted the genes located in these loci and performed expression comparison, local association analysis, and introgression segment identification. The results showed that high expression of hormone-related genes during fiber development, introgressions from Gossypium hirsutum, and the recombination of domesticated elite allelic variation were 3 major contributors to improve the fiber quality of G. barbadense. In total, 839 candidate genes with encoding region variations associated with elite fiber quality were mined. We confirmed that haplotype GB_D03G0092H traced to G. hirsutum introgression, with a 1-bp deletion leading to a frameshift mutation compared with GB_D03G0092B, significantly improved fiber quality. GB_D03G0092H is localized in the plasma membrane, while GB_D03G0092B is in both the nucleus and plasma membrane. Overexpression of GB_D03G0092H in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) significantly improved the elongation of longitudinal cells. Our study systematically reveals the genetic basis of the superior fiber quality of G. barbadense and provides elite segments and gene resources for breeding high-quality cotton cultivars.
When will women chiefs break the brass ceiling without falling off the glass cliff?
Authors: Schulz Dorothy Moses 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
By 2024 women were or had been police chiefs in New York City; Philadelphia; Washington, DC; Atlanta; Houston; Tampa; Seattle, and Portland, OR. They make up about 3% of all chiefs of police. But those who have broken the brass ceiling to become chiefs of police face a glass cliff; they are over-represented in high-risk leadership roles, often in troubled agencies, with an increased chance of failure. This paper documents examples of women who have broken the brass ceiling only to fall off the glass cliff because of events largely outside their ability to control.
Hemodynamic Determinants of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Demirjian Sevag , Bakaeen Faisal , Tang W.H. Wilson , Donaldson Chase , Taliercio Jon , Huml Anne , Gadegbeku Crystal A. , Gillinov A. Marc , Insler Steven 
Published: March 2024

OBJECTIVES:
Examine the: 1) relative role of hemodynamic determinants of acute kidney injury (AKI) obtained in the immediate postcardiac surgery setting compared with established risk factors, 2) their predictive value, and 3) extent mediation via central venous pressure (CVP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP).

DESIGN:
Retrospective observational study. The main outcome of the study was moderate to severe AKI, per kidney disease: improving global outcomes, within 14 days of surgery.

SETTING:
U.S. academic medical center.

PATIENTS:
Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery between January 2000 and December 2019 (n = 40,426) in a single U.S.-based medical center. Pulmonary artery catheter measurements were performed at a median of 102 minutes (11, 132) following cardiopulmonary bypass discontinuation.

INTERVENTIONS:
None.

MEASUREMENTS AND RESULTS:
The median age of the cohort was 67 years (58, 75), and 33% were female; 70% had chronic hypertension, 29% had congestive heart failure, and 3% had chronic kidney disease. In a multivariable model, which included comorbidities and traditional intraoperative risk factors, CVP (p < 0.0001), heart rate (p < 0.0001), cardiac index (p < 0.0001), and MAP (p < 0.0001), were strong predictors of AKI, and superseded factors such as surgery type and cardiopulmonary bypass duration. The cardiac index had a significant interaction with heart rate (p = 0.026); a faster heart rate had a differentiating effect on the relationship of cardiac index with AKI, where a higher heart rate heightened the risk of AKI primarily in patients with low cardiac output. There was also significant interaction observed between CVP and MAP (p = 0.009); where the combination of elevated CVP and low MAP had a synergistic effect on AKI incidence.

CONCLUSIONS:
Hemodynamic factors measured within a few hours of surgery showed a strong association with AKI. Furthermore, determinants of kidney perfusion, namely CVP and arterial pressure are interdependent; as are constituents of stroke volume, that is, cardiac output and heart rate.
Chinese national clinical practice guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of early gastric cancer
Authors: Li Peng , Li Ziyu , Linghu Enqiang , Ji Jiafu ,   Society of Digestive Endoscopy of the Chinese Medical Association, Colorectal Surgery Group of the Chinese Medical Association, Chinese Association of Gastroenterologists & Hepatologists,National Clinical Research Center for Digestive Diseases, Chinese Medical Journal Clinical Practice Guideline Collaborative
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors in the digestive system in China. Few comprehensive practice guidelines for early gastric cancer in China are currently available. Therefore, we created the Chinese national clinical practice guideline for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of early gastric cancer.

Methods:
This clinical practice guideline (CPG) was developed in accordance with the World Health Organization’s recommended process and with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) in assessing evidence quality. We used the Evidence to Decision framework to formulate clinical recommendations to minimize bias and increase transparency in the CPG development process. We used the Reporting Items for practice Guidelines in HealThcare (RIGHT) statement and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) as reporting and conduct guidelines to ensure completeness and transparency of the CPG.

Results:
This CPG contains 40 recommendations regarding the prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of early gastric cancer based on available clinical studies and guidelines. We provide recommendations for the timing of Helicobacter pylori eradication, screening populations for early gastric cancer, indications for endoscopic resection and surgical gastrectomy, follow-up interval after treatment, and other recommendations.

Conclusions:
This CPG can lead to optimum care for patients and populations by providing up-to-date medical information. We intend this CPG for widespread adoption to increase the standard of prevention, screening, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of early gastric cancer; thereby, contributing to improving national health care and patient quality of life.
Impact of Sociodemographic and Hospital Factors on Inpatient Bilateral Reduction Mammaplasty: A National Inpatient Sample Analysis
Authors: Kim Dylan K. , Ascherman Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Although reduction mammaplasty remains a common procedure in plastic surgery, its interaction with sociodemographic and economic disparities has remained relatively uncharacterized on a nationwide scale.

Methods:
Patients who underwent reduction mammaplasty were identified within the 2016–2018 National Inpatient Sample databases. In addition to clinical comorbidities, sociodemographic characteristics, hospital-level variables, and postoperative outcomes of each patient were collected for analysis. Statistical analyses, including univariate comparison and multivariate logistic regression, were applied to the cohort to determine significant predictors of adverse outcomes, described as extended length of stay, higher financial cost, and postoperative complications.

Results:
The final patient cohort included 414 patients who underwent inpatient reduction mammaplasty. The average age was 45.2 ± 14.5 years. The average length of stay was 1.6 ± 1.5 days, and the average hospital charge was $53,873.81 ± $36,014.50. Sixty (14.5%) patients experienced at least one postoperative complication. Black race and treatment within a nonmetropolitan or rural county predicted postoperative complications (P < 0.01). Black race, lower relative income, and concurrent abdominal contouring procedures also predicted occurrence of extended length of stay (P < 0.01). Hospital factors, including larger bed capacity and for-profit ownership, predicted high hospital charges (P < 0.05). Severity of comorbidities, measured by a clinical index, also predicted all three outcomes (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:
In addition to well-described clinical variables, multiple sociodemographic and economic disparities affect outcomes in inpatient reduction mammaplasty.