bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multiple Rare Nonsynonymous Variants in the Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Gene Predispose to Colorectal Adenomas
Authors: Azzopardi Duncan , Dallosso Anthony R. , Eliason Kristilyn , Hendrickson Brant C. , Jones Natalie , Rawstorne Edward , Colley James , Moskvina Valentina , Frye Cynthia , Sampson Julian R. , Wenstrup Richard , Scholl Thomas , Cheadle Jeremy P. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
It has been proposed that multiple rare variants in numerous genes collectively account for a substantial proportion of multifactorial inherited predisposition to a variety of diseases, including colorectal adenomas (CRA). We have studied this hypothesis by sequencing the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene in 691 unrelated North American patients with CRAs and 969 matched healthy controls. Rare inherited nonsynonymous variants of APC were significantly overrepresented in patients who did not carry conventional pathogenic mutations in the APC or MutY homologue genes [non–familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) non–MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP) patients; 81 of 480, 16.9%] compared with patients with FAP or MAP (20 of 211, 9.5%, P = 0.0113), and this overrepresentation was highest in those non-FAP non-MAP patients with 11 to 99 CRAs (30 of 161, 18.6%, P = 0.0103). Furthermore, significantly more non-FAP non-MAP patients carried rare nonsynonymous variants in the functionally important β-catenin down-regulating domain compared with healthy controls (32 of 480 versus 37 of 969, P = 0.0166). In silico analyses predicted that ∼46% of the 61 different variants identified were likely to affect function, and upon testing, 7 of 16 nonsynonymous variants were shown to alter β-catenin–regulated transcription in vitro. These data suggest that multiple rare nonsynonymous variants in APC play a significant role in predisposing to CRAs. [Cancer Res 2008;68(2):358–63]
Hypermethylation of theAKAP12Promoter is a Biomarker of Barrett's-Associated Esophageal Neoplastic Progression
Authors: Jin Zhe , Hamilton James P. , Yang Jian , Mori Yuriko , Olaru Alexandru , Sato Fumiaki , Ito Tetsuo , Kan Takatsugu , Cheng Yulan , Paun Bogdan , David Stefan , Beer David G. , Agarwal Rachana , Abraham John M. , Meltzer Stephen J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe A-kinase anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12) is a kinase scaffold protein with known tumor suppressor activity. Recently, AKAP12 promoter hypermethylation was reported in gastric and colorectal cancers. We examined AKAP12 promoter hypermethylation using real-time methylation-specific PCR in 259 human esophageal tissues. AKAP12 hypermethylation showed highly discriminative receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve profiles, clearly distinguishing esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) from esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and normal esophagus (P &lt; 0.0001). AKAP12-normalized methylation values were significantly higher in Barrett's metaplasia (BE), dysplastic Barrett's, and EAC than in normal esophagus (P &lt; 0.0000001). AKAP12 hypermethylation frequency was zero in normal esophagus but increased early during neoplastic progression, to 38.9% in BE from patients with Barrett's alone, 52.5% in dysplastic Barrett's metaplasia, and 52.2% in EAC. AKAP12 hypermethylation levels were significantly higher in normal esophageal epithelia from patients with EAC (mean = 0.00082) than in normal esophagi from patients without Barrett's or esophageal cancer (mean = 0.00007; P = 0.006). There was a significant correlation between AKAP12 hypermethylation and BE segment length, a known clinical neoplastic progression risk factor. In contrast, only 2 (7.7%) of 26 esophageal squamous cell carcinomas exhibited AKAP12 hypermethylation. Treatment of BIC and OE33 EAC cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine reduced AKAP12 methylation and increased AKAP12 mRNA expression. AKAP12 mRNA levels in EACs with unmethylated AKAP12 (mean = 0.1663) were higher than in EACs with methylated AKAP12 (mean = 0.0668). We conclude that promoter hypermethylation of AKAP12 is a common, tissue-specific event in human EAC, occurs early during Barrett's-associated esophageal neoplastic progression, and is a potential biomarker for the early detection of EAC. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):111–7)
Relationship between Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Ductal, Lobular, and Ductal-Lobular Breast Carcinomas
Authors: Li Christopher I. , Malone Kathleen E. , Porter Peggy L. , Lawton Thomas J. , Voigt Lynda F. , Cushing-Haugen Kara L. , Lin Ming Gang , Yuan Xiaopu , Daling Janet R. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Combined estrogen and progestin hormone therapy (CHT) increases breast cancer risk, but this risk varies by breast cancer type. Several studies indicate that CHT is more strongly related to lobular carcinoma risk than to ductal carcinoma risk, but these studies have been limited in their assessments of recency and duration of use, and none included a centralized pathology review. We conducted a population-based case-control study consisting of 324 lobular, 196 ductal-lobular, and 524 ductal cases diagnosed from 2000 to 2004 and 469 controls ages 55 to 74 years old. Tissue specimens were centrally reviewed for 83% of cases. Associations between hormone use and breast cancer risk were evaluated using polytomous logistic regression. Current CHT users had 2.7-fold [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.7-4.2] and 3.3-fold (95% CI, 2.0-5.7) elevated risks of lobular and ductal-lobular carcinomas, respectively, regardless of tumor stage, size, or nodal status. Elevations in risk were observed only among users of CHT for ≥3 years. Among ductal-lobular cases, CHT increased risk of tumors that were ≥50% lobular (odds ratio, 4.8; 95% CI, 2.1-11.1) but not tumors that were &lt;50% lobular (odds ratio, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.9-4.1). Current CHT users for ≥3 years have a substantially increased risk of lobular carcinomas. Although lobular carcinomas are less common than ductal carcinomas (∼16% versus 70% of all invasive breast cancers in the United States), this duration is shorter than the 5 years of use widely cited to be needed to confer an increased risk of breast cancer overall. Further studies focusing on the etiology of lobular carcinomas are needed. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):43–50)
Association of Vitamin D–Related Information from a Telephone Interview with 25-Hydroxyvitamin D
Authors: Sahota Harleen , Barnett Heidi , Lesosky Maia , Raboud Janet M. , Vieth Reinhold , Knight Julia A. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Vitamin D may be associated with reduced risks of several types of cancer, including colon, prostate, and breast. We examined the relationship between vitamin D–related questions administered in a telephone interview and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]. Three hundred and eight eligible women were randomly selected from controls in a breast cancer case-control study. Questions pertaining to sun exposure and dietary sources of vitamin D over the previous 4 weeks were asked in both summer and winter. We assessed the association between questionnaire-derived items and 25(OH)D using multiple linear regression. There were 217 participating women, 203 in summer and 213 in winter. Models were adjusted for age, body mass index, and skin color. Number of days when more than 0.5 hour was spent outdoors per week (“7” versus “&lt;7” β = 11.12; P = 0.01), limb coverage (“no” β = 24.90 and “partial” β = 8.15 versus “yes”; P = 0.0001), and milk intake (glasses/wk; “&gt;10” β = 18.94, “&gt;5-10” β = 9.16, and “1-5” β = 7.90 versus “&lt;1”; P = 0.02) best predicted 25(OH)D in the summer. The best predictors in the winter were sunlamp use (“yes” β = 27.97 versus “no”; P = 0.01), milk intake (glasses/wk; “&gt;10” β = 14.54, “&gt;5-10” β = 11.54, and “1-5” β = 2.15 versus “&lt;1”; P = 0.01), and vitamin D–containing supplements (“high” β = 17.30 and “moderate” β = 13.82 versus “none”; P = 0.0006). The R2 was 0.29 for the summer model and was 0.21 for the winter model. Overall, there was evidence to suggest that questions designed to assess vitamin D exposure were in fact related to serum 25(OH)D. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):232–8)
Nine-Gene Molecular Signature Is Not Associated with Prostate Cancer Death in a Watchful Waiting Cohort
Authors: Mucci Lorelei A. , Pawitan Yudi , Demichelis Francesca , Fall Katja , Stark Jennifer R. , Adami Hans-Olov , Andersson Swen-Olof , Andrén Ove , Eisenstein Anna S. , Holmberg Lars , Huang Wei , Kantoff Philip W. , Perner Sven , Stampfer Meir J. , Johansson Jan-Erik , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Tumor molecular markers hold promise to distinguish potentially lethal from indolent prostate cancer and to guide treatment choices. A previous study identified a nine-gene molecular signature in tumors associated with prostate-specific antigen relapse after prostatectomy. We examined this molecular model in relation to prostate cancer death among 172 men with initially localized disease. We quantified protein expression of the nine genes in tumors to classify progression risk. Accounting for clinical prognostic factors, the nine-gene model did not provide discrimination to predict lethal and indolent prostate cancer. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):249–51)
Body Mass and Endometrial Cancer Risk by Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cancer Subtype
Authors: McCullough Marjorie L. , Patel Alpa V. , Patel Roshni , Rodriguez Carmen , Feigelson Heather Spencer , Bandera Elisa V. , Gansler Ted , Thun Michael J. , Calle Eugenia E. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Epidemiologic studies unequivocally show that greater body mass increases the risk of endometrial cancer, but whether risk varies by use of postmenopausal hormone therapy (HT), location of fat deposition, or cancer subtype is still unclear. We examined these associations among 33,436 postmenopausal women in the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort, who completed questionnaires on diet, lifestyle, and medical history at baseline in 1992. A total of 318 cases were eligible through June 2003. Cox-proportional hazards analyses were used to estimate multivariate-adjusted rate ratios (RR). As expected, adult body mass index (BMI) was a strong predictor of risk [RR, 4.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.12-7.07 for BMI 35+ versus 22.5-25.0, P trend &lt; 0.0001]. Use of estrogen plus progestin postmenopausal HT modified the association. Among never-users, risk was significantly linear across the entire range of BMI examined (RR, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.29-0.92 for &lt;22.5 versus 22.5-25.0; RR, 4.41; 95% CI, 2.70-7.20 for ≥35 versus 22.5-25.0, P trend &lt; 0.0001), but among ever estrogen plus progestin users, the association was not significant (P trend = 1.0; P interaction &lt; 0.0001). We observed no difference in risk according to tendency for central versus peripheral fat deposition. Greater BMI (≥30 versus &lt;25.0) increased risk of both “type I” (classic estrogen pathway, RR, 4.22; 95% CI, 3.07-5.81) and “type II” (serous, clear cell, and all other high grade) cancers (RR, 2.87; 95% CI, 1.59-5.16). The increased risk of endometrial cancer across the range of BMI in women who never used postmenopausal HT stresses the need to prevent both overweight and obesity in women. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2008;17(1):73–9)
Serum Interleukin-6 Level but not Genotype Predicts Survival after Resection in Stages II and III Gastric Carcinoma
Authors: Liao Wei-Chih , Lin Jaw-Town , Wu Chun-Ying , Huang Shih-Pei , Lin Ming-Tsan , Wu Ariel Sing-Huei , Huang Yu-Jie , Wu Ming-Shiang 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Purpose: It has been suggested that interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a prognostic indicator for survival in patients with gastric carcinoma, but this has not been proved using survival analysis. In Asians, the −634G allele is associated with increased IL-6 production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum IL-6 levels, −634G/C polymorphism, and overall survival after resection for gastric carcinoma.
Experimental Design: A total of 155 consecutive patients with gastric carcinoma were evaluated. Serum IL-6 levels were analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay. Genotype was determined by PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism. Serum levels and survival were correlated with genotype and clinicopathologic factors.
Results: Age and stage, but not −634G/C genotype, were associated with serum IL-6 levels. The median survival for patients with stage II or stage III gastric carcinoma was 1,418 days in patients with low (≤13 pg/mL) versus 618 days in patients with high (&gt;13 pg/mL) serum IL-6 levels (P = 0.038). Results of a multivariate analysis showed that serum IL-6 level of &gt;13 pg/mL was a significant predictor of poor survival (hazard ratio, 1.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.07-2.92; P = 0.026).
Conclusions: Serum IL-6 level of &gt;13 pg/mL correlates with tumor progression and is an independent predictor of poor survival after resection. In patients with stage II and III gastric carcinoma, serum IL-6 level is more effective than stage as a prognostic indicator. By measuring IL-6, these patients can be divided into two groups with significant differences in survival. The −634G/C polymorphism is not associated with serum IL-6 level or survival.
Familiarity between mates improves few aspects of reproductive performance in house sparrows
Authors: Westneat David , Hatch Margret 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMany hypotheses have been proposed to account for the increased reproductive success with age documented in most birds. One, the mate familiarity hypothesis, suggests that older individuals are likely to have partners with whom they have bred before, which may enhance reproductive success. We found that pairs of house sparrows that bred together previously fledged more young than pairs that were newly formed. This was primarily due to newly-formed pairs with at least one yearling having fewer nesting attempts than continuing pairs. We also examined the possibility that continuing pairs were better coordinated in parental duties, but found no evidence for this in terms of amount of overlap at the nestbox or amount of time nestlings were unattended. Our results suggest the higher success of continuing pairs may be a matter of female age and quality and not due to benefits accrued by coordination with their mate.
Antiphonal exchanges in African elephants (Loxodonta africana): collective response to a shared stimulus, social facilitation, or true communicative event?
Authors: Savage Anne , Soltis Joseph , Leighty Katherine , Leong Kirsten 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFemale African elephants are thought to exchange 'rumble' vocalizations, but such temporally associated calls may not constitute communicative events. Affiliated females are more likely to engage in antiphonal calling, but affiliation is defined according to time spent in proximity. Affiliated partners may vocalize in sequence simply because their proximity causes them to collectively respond to shared external stimuli or due to a social facilitation effect. We used bi-variate and partial correlation analyses to test for the independent effects of the strength of the social relationship and distance between vocal partners on the likelihood of a vocal response. Female African elephants at Disney's Animal Kingdom were video-taped and outfitted with audio-recording collars that allowed for the individual identification of low-frequency rumbles. Affiliation had a strong influence on response likelihood, even after controlling for the effects of the distance between vocalizing partners. Further, the distance between vocalizing partners did not correlate with response likelihood, and factoring out the effects of affiliation did not significantly alter this result. These results suggest that rumble exchanges are communicative events that reflect social bonds, not simply artifacts of increased proximity and, therefore, provide support for functional hypotheses concerning rumble exchanges in wild African elephants.
Males respond differently than females to mate loss in the biparental convict cichlid fish
Authors: Itzkowitz  , Bockelman  
Published: January 2008

AbstractUsing the biparental convict cichlid fish, Archocentrus nigrofasciatus, we examined whether the loss of a mate prior to spawning influences pair re-formation and reproduction. We manipulated an individuals' "readiness to mate" by removing its mate within 24 h prior to spawning and immediately replacing it with a similar sized individual that had not been exposed to prior courtship. Most pairs with a replaced male showed an increase in aggression and courtship but, within 24 h, successfully spawned. We determined that resident females required the presence of a male before depositing their eggs and the likelihood of forming this new pair bond remained unchanged in spite of the abbreviated premating period. Pairs in which females were replaced (i.e., male is the resident) took longer to spawn than control pairs. Courtship behavior did not increase with the addition of the new female, further illustrating that spawning was not imminent. Here again we provide evidence that the likelihood of forming a pair bond remained unchanged. We suggest that unlike females that were provided with a new male, a male provided with new female delays spawning because of his prior pair bond attachment to the initial female.
Vertical Tracer Concentration Profiles Measured during the Joint Urban 2003 Dispersion Study
Authors: Flaherty Julia E. , Lamb Brian , Allwine K. Jerry , Allwine Eugene 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
An atmospheric tracer dispersion study known as Joint Urban 2003 was conducted in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during July of 2003. As part of this field program, vertical concentration profiles were measured at approximately 1 km from the downtown ground-level tracer gas release locations. These profiles showed that the urban landscape was very effective in mixing the plume vertically. In general, the lowest concentration measured along the profile was within 50% of the highest concentration in any given 5-min measurement period. The general slope of the concentration profiles was bounded by a Gaussian distribution with Briggs’s urban equations (stability classes D and E/F) for vertical dispersion. However, measured concentration maxima occurred at levels above the surface, which would not be predicted by Gaussian formulations. Variations in tracer concentration observed in the time series between different release periods were related to changes in wind direction as opposed to changes in turbulence. This was demonstrated using data from mobile analyzers that captured the width of the plume by traveling east to west along nearby streets. These mobile-van-analyzer data were also used to compute plume widths. Plume widths increased for wind directions at larger angles to the street grid, and a simple model comprising adjusted open-country dispersion coefficients and a street channeling component, were used to describe the measured widths. This dispersion dataset is a valuable asset not only for developing advanced tools for emergency-response situations in the event of a toxic release but also for refining air-quality models.
Molecular evolution of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5 A gene in primates
Authors: Uddin Monica , Opazo Juan C , Wildman Derek E , Sherwood Chet C , Hof Patrick R , Goodman Morris , Grossman Lawrence I 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Many electron transport chain (ETC) genes show accelerated rates of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in anthropoid primate lineages, yet in non-anthropoid lineages the ETC proteins are typically highly conserved. Here, we test the hypothesis that COX5A, the ETC gene that encodes cytochrome c oxidase subunit 5A, shows a pattern of anthropoid-specific adaptive evolution, and investigate the distribution of this protein in catarrhine brains.

Results
In a dataset comprising 29 vertebrate taxa, including representatives from all major groups of primates, there is nearly 100% conservation of the COX5A amino acid sequence among extant, non-anthropoid placental mammals. The most recent common ancestor of these species lived about 100 million years (MY) ago. In contrast, anthropoid primates show markedly elevated rates of nonsynonymous evolution. In particular, branch site tests identify five positively selected codons in anthropoids, and ancestral reconstructions infer that substitutions in these codons occurred predominantly on stem lineages (anthropoid, ape and New World monkey) and on the human terminal branch. Examination of catarrhine brain samples by immunohistochemistry characterizes for the first time COX5A protein distribution in the primate neocortex, and suggests that the protein is most abundant in the mitochondria of large-size projection neurons. Real time quantitative PCR supports previous microarray results showing COX5A is expressed in cerebral cortical tissue at a higher level in human than in chimpanzee or gorilla.

Conclusion
Taken together, these results suggest that both protein structural and gene regulatory changes contributed to COX5A evolution during humankind's ancestry. Furthermore, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adaptations in ETC genes contributed to the emergence of the energetically expensive anthropoid neocortex.
Complications and safety aspects of kyphoplasty for osteoporotic vertebral fractures: a prospective follow-up study in 102 consecutive patients
Authors: Robinson Yohan , Tschöke Sven Kevin , Stahel Philip F , Kayser Ralph , Heyde Christoph E 
Published: January 2008

Abstract

Background
Kyphoplasty represents an established minimal-invasive method for correction and augmentation of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Reliable data on perioperative and postoperative complications are lacking in the literature. The present study was designed to evaluate the incidence and patterns of perioperative complications in order to determine the safety of this procedure for patients undergoing kyphoplasty.

Patients and Methods
We prospectively enrolled 102 consecutive patients (82 women and 20 men; mean age 69) with 135 operatively treated fractured vertebrae who underwent a kyphoplasty between January 2004 to June 2006. Clinical and radiological follow-up was performed for up 6 months after surgery.

Results
Preoperative pain levels, as determined by the visual analogous scale (VAS) were 7.5 +/- 1.3. Postoperative pain levels were significantly reduced at day 1 after surgery (VAS 2.3 +/- 2.2) and at 6-month follow-up (VAS 1.4 +/- 0.9). Fresh vertebral fractures at adjacent levels were detected radiographically in 8 patients within 6 months. Two patients had a loss of reduction with subsequent sintering of the operated vertebrae and secondary spinal stenosis. Accidental cement extravasation was detected in 7 patients in the intraoperative radiographs. One patient developed a postoperative infected spondylitis at the operated level, which was treated by anterior corporectomy and 360 degrees fusion. Another patient developed a superficial wound infection which required surgical revision. Postoperative bleeding resulting in a subcutaneous haematoma evacuation was seen in one patient.

Conclusion
The data from the present study imply that percutaneous kyphoplasty can be associated with severe intra- and postoperative complications. This minimal-invasive surgical procedure should therefore be performed exclusively by spine surgeons who have the capability of managing perioperative complications.