bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Reliability of echocardiography in quantitating pericardial effusion: A prospective study
Authors: Prakash Ravi , Moorthy Krishna , Del Vicario Michael , Aronow Wilbert S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method of estimating the volume of pericardial effusion by echocardiography has used the difference between the cubed diameters at end‐diastole of the pericardium and epicardium. To evaluate the reliability of this technique in quantitating the volume of pericardial effusion in a prospective study, 22 echocardiograms were obtained in six patients before and after 11 separate pericardiocenteses. The correlation coefficient between the actual volume of aspirated pericardial effusion and the echocardiographically estimated volume of aspirated pericardial effusion was r = 0.27 (P not significant). The volume of pericardial effusion aspirated was overestimated or underestimated by echocardiography by more than 100 ml in seven of 11 estimations (64 percent) and by more than 150 ml in five of 11 estimations (45 percent). Therefore, although echocardiography is the procedure of choice in diagnosing the presence of pericardial effusion, it is not an entirely accurate method of quantitating the volume of pericardial effusion. However, echocardiography can differentiate a large effusion from a moderate or small effusion.
False placenta previa: A clinical observation
Authors: Lees Richard F. , Teates C. David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA misleading appearance of placenta previa was observed in three sonographic examinations of pregnant women. In these women the fetuses were in a transverse lie and the placentas were implanted on the anterior uterine wall. In these circumstances it appears possible for the lower anterior portion of the uterine wall and the attached portion of the placenta to falsely simulate placenta previa.
The need for color coding in ultrasound mammography
Authors: Baum Gilbert 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe correct interpretation of echo amplitude patterns of high‐resolution gray scale ultrasonograms of the breast requires the use of calibrated color‐coded isodensitometry, standardized operation of the ultrasound system, amplitude stability of 1 per cent or better, and a constant velocity water‐coupled electro‐mechanical scanner. The same conditions may be required for correct interpretation of the ultrasonograms of the parenchyma of the liver, spleen, ovaries, testes, uterus, thyroid, and tumors. Color coding is not required and may actually be detrimental in the study of gross ultrasonographic anatomy and in disease states that can be identified by simple anatomical distortions. To be of value, rigid standardization and control of the amplitude characteristics and scanning velocity of the system are imperative.
Systolic anterior motion of the tricuspid valve in idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis
Authors: Brik Henry , Meller Jose , Bahler Alan S. , Herman Michael V. , Teichholz Louis E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 37 year old man with combined subpulmonic and subaortic idiopathic hypertrophic stenosis proved by cardiac catheterization had typical echocardiographic findings of idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis (IHSS) and systolic anterior motion of the anterior leaflet of the tricuspid valve. This motion of the tricuspid valve may relate to the subpulmonic infundibular gradient in the same way that the systolic anterior motion of the anterior mitral leaflet relates to the subaortic left ventricular gradient in patients with IHSS.
Ultrasonic planimetry of the gestation sac as a biometric method in early pregnancy
Authors: Bulic Milan , Vrtar Mladen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new method for determining the area of the gestation sac by thread planimetry is described. Mean weekly values with two standard deviations were determined on a series of 237 measurements of gestation sac area, age five to 11 weeks, in normal pregnancies. The gestation sac area grows curvilinearly from 1.85 cm2 at five weeks to 15 cm2 at 11 weeks. The mean diameter was calculated from the gestation sac area by using an adequate approximation of the irregular gestation sac shape to a circle of the same area. The dependence of the mean gestation sac diameter on gestation age is defined by the regression equation y = 0.46x − 0.95 and the correlation factor r = 0.92. Practical applications of gestation sac planimetry include the determination of gestation age in early pregnancy, and the follow‐up of growth or determination of delayed growth in disturbed or failed early pregnancy.
The influence of ultrasound on the frequency of amniocentesis
Authors: Fried Andrew M. , Gray Diana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo determine the effect of development of ultrasonographic guidance techniques on the frequency of amniocentesis, we compared two two‐year periods before and after the use of ultrasound. Statistically significant decreases in both the number of amniocenteses ordered and the number performed were observed. We concluded that ultrasound has been judiciously used and has not prompted an increased use of amniocentesis merely because of improved ease and safety. A slight decrease in the perinatal mortality rate mitigates against any compromise in the standard of antenatal care.
Private practice use of real‐time b scan ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Hohler Charles W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn informal survey of 25 obstetrics and gynecology practices that use real time B scan ultrasound equipment was carried out to assess the economic and patient‐care impact of such equipment. From this informal survey, it can be seen that the incorporation of real time B scan ultrasound scanning into private practice has become economically feasible and useful for the daily clinical management of obstetric patients. The implications and economics of such changes for obstetric health care costs remain to be assessed.
Ultrasonic calculation of chorion cavity volume
Authors: Bulic Milan , Vrtar Mladen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for calculating chorion cavity volume in the first trimester of pregnancy from the ultrasonic projection of the gestation sac is described. The area of the longitudinal and transverse sections were measured, and the volume was calculated from the mean value of the two measurements. The chorion cavity volume increased curvilinearly and approximately exponentially from 2.14 cc at five weeks to 44.38 cc at 11 weeks of gestation. The method was checked by comparing the computed volume and the real volume obtained surgically and by experimenting with an „artificial gestation sac”︁ picture. A good correlation was obtained. The results match data reported in the literature.
Ultrasound evaluation of a near‐term abdominal ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Williams Charles H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasound confirmation of an abdominal ectopic pregnancy was established by the demonstration of an enlarged but empty uterus and the delineation of the fetal head within the abdominal cavity. Other portions of the fetus could not be demonstrated. The margins and attachments of the placenta could not be accurately delineated prospectively.
The liquid‐filled stomach – an ultrasonic window to the upper abdomen
Authors: Warren Peter S. , Garrett William J. , Kossoff George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn ultrasonic window to the upper abdomen is created by (a) filling the fasting stomach with methylcellulose suspension, (b) administering glucagon intravenously, and (c) examining the patient prone. Glucagon relaxes the gastric musculature and the prone position allows the stomach gas to rise to the fundus. This enables assessment of the relationships of the stomach to adjacent structures and permits display of structures forming the stomach bed. The equipment used was a commercially available water‐delay system with wide‐aperture focused transducers. The system gives good resolution and allows the gastric musculature to be distinguished from the mucosa and its overlying mucus.
Ultrasonography in renal lymphoma
Authors: Kaude Juri V. , Lacy George D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonographic findings in malignant lymphoma of the kidneys in four patients are described. In three patients the kidneys were diffusely infiltrated by anechoic masses showing good acoustic transmission. One solitary lymphoma had the ultrasonographic characteristics of any other kidney tumor. Ultrasonographic differential diagnosis of renal masses should include malignant lymphoma.
Prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of epignathus
Authors: Kang Kil Won , Hissong Samuel L. , Langer Alvin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis case demonstrated a mass seen on an ultrasound scan performed prior to amniocentesis to determine fetal maturity. It emphasizes the importance of scanning the entire contents of the amniotic sac rather than simply looking at the portion for which the examination was ordered. It is important to recognize such lesions to prepare for adequate management of the airway in the neonate, to prepare for surgical excision as soon as feasible, and to prepare the family for the birth of a baby with a congenital abnormality.
Neonatal detection and evaluation of infantile polycystic disease by gray scale echography
Authors: Thomas John L. , Sumner Thomas E. , Crowe James E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInfantile polycystic disease (IPCD) is an uncommon pathologic entity involving the kidneys and liver. Gray scale echography can detect this pathologic process within the kidneys, despite the presence of renal failure. In addition, the sonic study may detect associated hepatic abnormalities even though isotopic liver scan is normal. These capabilities make the ultrasonic examination uniquely suited for evaluating patients with IPCD.
Photographic techniques for retrieving echocardiographic images from substandard recordings
Authors: Silverman Norman H. , Bunker William E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA technique is described for photographing damaged echocardiograms with a lithographic film. This is a high contrast film that reproduces either black or white, without intermediate gray tones, depending on exposure time. Standard photographic manipulations were used to improve the quality of the final print.
Electronic area and perimeter measurement of ultrasonic images
Authors: Fleming J. E. E. , Hall A. J. , Robinson H. P. , Wittmann B. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn electronic system for measuring area and perimeter directly on cross‐sectional ultrasonic images is described. The resulting values are unaffected by the distortions common to display monitors or errors in the display scale factor. The results of accuracy tests are given, including a comparison with measurements by planimeter and map‐measurer.
Principles and applications of a dynamically focused phased array real time ultrasound system
Authors: Morgan Carlisle L. , Trought William S. , Clark William M. , von Ramm Olaf T. , Thurstone Frederick L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe physical principles and clinical applications of a high‐resolution, dynamically focused phased‐array real time ultrasound system are described. Advantages of the real time technique include rapid survey capability, efficient selection of an appropriate tomographic plane, identification of pulsating structures, and dynamic studies. The capabilities of a high resolution phased array with extended dynamic focusing to a range of 15‐20 cm are demonstrated in vascular, abdominal, and obstetric imaging. Appropriate clinical examples showing normal and pathological anatomy are presented. Comparisons with conventional B scans are illustrated.
Ultrasonographic demonstration of a simple ureterocele and dilated ureter in an adult
Authors: Brenner R. James , Demartini William J. , Gooding Gretchen A. W. , Hedgcock Marcus W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA 54 year old man was found to have a simple ureterocele with a dilated ureter. Ultrasonography demonstrated the ureterocele as an echo‐free structure at the base of the bladder without involvement of the bladder wall. The course of the dilated ureter and its entrance into the bladder were clearly defined.
Correction of proton resonance frequency shift temperature maps for magnetic field disturbances using fat signal
Authors: Shmatukha Andriy V. , Harvey Paul R. , Bakker Chris J.G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPurposeTo improve the immunity of the proton resonance frequency shift (PRFS) method of MRI temperature mapping against magnetic field disturbances. Since PRFS is a phase‐sensitive method, it misinterprets magnetic field disturbances as artifact temperature changes. If not corrected, the resulting temperature artifacts can completely obscure the true temperature estimation, especially if the temperature elevations are small.Materials and MethodsSince the fat protons experience the same magnetic field disturbances as the water protons, but no temperature‐related frequency shift, the fat signal has been used for correcting PRFS temperature maps for the disturbances. A simple correction method is proposed that has either better compensation capability than the phase correction methods previously reported or higher spatial and temporal resolution than the spectroscopic correction methods previously reported. The evaluated method is based on the utilization of several gradient and spin echoes acquired within one repetition interval with water‐ and fat‐selective scans.ResultsIn a series of phantom experiments, the improved method is shown to enable the reconstruction of accurate temperature maps in spite of interscan motion, suboptimal fat–water separation, and a wide range of magnetic field disturbances.ConclusionOur approach can be used for the guidance of thermal therapies involving tissues containing fat or surrounded by fat. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous determination of vitexin‐2′′‐O‐glucoside, vitexin‐2′′‐O‐rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside in the extract of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) leaves by RP‐HPLC with ultraviolet photodiode array detection
Authors: Cheng Shan , Qiu Feng , Huang Jia , He Junqi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRP‐HPLC with UV photodiode array detection (UV‐DAD) was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of vitexin‐2′′‐O‐glucoside, vitexin‐2′′‐O‐rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside in the extract of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.) leaves. The analytes of interest were separated on a Diamonsil C18 column (250×4.6 mm id, 5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of THF/ACN/methanol/0.05% phosphoric acid solution (pH 5.0) (18:1:1:80 v/v/v/v). The flow rate was set at 1.0 mL/min and the eluent was detected at 340 nm for the four flavonoids. The method was linear over the studied range of 1.00–100 μg/mL for the four analytes of interest with the correlation coefficient for each analyte greater than 0.999. The LOD and LOQ were 0.03 and 0.10 μg/mL, 0.03 and 0.10 μg/mL, 0.05 and 0.15 μg/mL, 0.10 and 0.30 μg/mL for vitexin‐2′′‐O‐glucoside, vitexin‐2′′‐O‐rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside, respectively. The optimized method was successfully applied to the analysis of four important flavonoids in the extract of hawthorn leaves. The total amounts of the four flavonoids were 22.2, 62.3, 4.27, and 8.24 mg/g dry weight for vitexin‐2′′‐O‐glucoside, vitexin‐2′′‐O‐rhamnoside, rutin, and hyperoside in the extract of hawthorn leaves, respectively.
Preparation and properties of diatomite composite superabsorbent
Authors: Qi Xiaohua , Liu Mingzhu , Chen Zhenbin , Liang Rui 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA novel diatomite composite superabsorbent was synthesized by solution polymerization of partially neutralized acrylic acid and diatomite, using N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent and hydrogen peroxide and L‐ascorbic acid as a redox initial system. The influences of some reaction conditions, such as diatomite content, neutralization degree of acrylic acid, amount of initiator, amount of crosslinking agent, monomer concentration, and the reaction temperature on swelling characteristic were investigated. The water absorbency of the sample prepared at optimum conditions was 99 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution. The results of swelling rate measurement showed that diatomite composite superabsorbent had better swelling rate than that of poly(sodium acrylate) prepared in the same conditions. Other properties, i.e. water retention, reswelling ability and resistance to salt, were also examined. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of insightful disclosure in outcomes for women in peer‐directed breast cancer groups: a replication study
Authors: Lieberman Morton 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study was stimulated by the recent publication (Health Commun 2006;19(2):133–142) who reported the effects of insightful disclosure on outcomes in' peer‐led internet breast cancer support groups. The present study attempted to replicate their hypotheses using the same methods for coding insightful disclosure as well as parallel outcome measures. Four hypotheses are tested; writing a higher percentage of insightful disclosure words will be associated with: (1) fewer BC concerns; (2) reduction in the emotional distress; (3) better physical health; and (4) few functional limitations. New members (N = 77) to BC bulletin boards (BB) were recruited through BB postings and/or e‐mails. We asked them to fill out questionnaires measuring depression and quality of life, when they joined the BB, and again six months later. Two questionnaires (CESD and FACTB [Functional Well being, Physical well being, and Breast cancer Concerns]) were administered and repeated six months later. For two of the four outcome measures (Functional Well being and Breast Cancer Concerns), insightful disclosure played a crucial and significant role, the other two showed a trend toward significance (CESD and Physical well being). The three control variables, stages, years of cancer and level of participation all had effects on the outcomes, varying with the type of outcome measure. The findings, in this study, support Shaw et al. hypotheses. In their study, only one outcome measure, reduction of emotional distress was significant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The number of regulatory T cells in prostate cancer is associated with the androgen receptor and hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐2α but not HIF‐1α
Authors: Fox Stephen B. , Launchbury Rosalind , Bates Gaynor J. , Han Cheng , Shaida Nadeem , Malone Peter R. , Harris Adrian L. , Banham Alison H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDRegulatory T cells (TR) mediate peripheral immunological tolerance and are implicated in tumor progression. Because prostate cancer is being investigated for treatment by immunotherapy, we have assessed tumor TR in prostate cancers.METHODSTR cells were identified by FOXP3 in tissue microarrays (TMAs) from 146 radical prostatectomies and correlated with clinicopathological tumor parameters and prostatic specific antigen rise (PSA).RESULTSTwenty of 146 tumors contained no TR. The mean of the average for the remaining 146 patients was 7.24. There was a significant correlation between TR and androgen receptor (P = 0.003) and with hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF)‐2α (P = 0.007) but not HIF‐1α (P = 0.25). There was no significant correlation between TR numbers and stage, capsular invasion, urethral margins, vascular invasion, Gleason score, pre‐operative PSA, or time to PSA recurrence (all P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONSTR in prostate tumors shows significant heterogeneity and may be the result of hormonal and hypoxic signaling. Targeting these may reduce TR in tumors allowing more successful immune therapies. Prostate 67: 623–629, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactions between process and utility systems
Authors: Pearson Katherine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUtility systems have many connections to processes, both physical and electrical. This interconnectivity introduces common mode failures and the potential for crosscontamination. This article uses “real‐plant” incidents to illustrate what can happen when the hazards of interactions between process and utility systems are not identified or understood. Some tools to evaluate interactions between process and utility systems are discussed. The reactivity matrix tool, which can help evaluate crosscontamination issues, is introduced. Individual types of utility systems and issues specific to them are discussed. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog:, 2007.
Packing vertices and edges in random regular graphs
Authors: Beis Mihalis , Duckworth William , Zito Michele 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper we consider the problem of finding large collections of vertices and edges satisfying particular separation properties in random regular graphs of degree r, for each fixed r ≥ 3. We prove both constructive lower bounds and combinatorial upper bounds on the maximal sizes of these sets. The lower bounds are proved by analyzing a class of algorithms that return feasible solutions for the given problems. The analysis uses the differential equation method proposed by Wormald [Lectures on Approximation and Randomized Algorithms, PWN, Wassaw, 1999, pp. 239–298]. The upper bounds are proved by direct combinatorial means. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2008
Controlled Assembly of Spherical Nanoparticles: Nanowires and Spherulites
Authors: Striolo Alberto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA large variety of nanoparticles hold extraordinary promise for practical applications in catalysis, materials science, medicine, and so on. It is, however, necessary to assemble them into supramolecular aggregates with desired structural properties. In this work we explore the self‐assembly of spherical nanoparticles induced by interactions that, due to entropic effects, may become anisotropic. The spherical nanoparticles considered attract each other via square‐well potentials, mimicking dispersive interactions. To induce anisotropic effects, short polymer brushes are bound to the nanoparticles but only on the equatorial plane. The brushes are treated as tangent‐hard‐sphere chains. Nanoparticles with such morphology could be synthesized experimentally. Monte Carlo calculations are conducted to assess the properties of the self‐assembled nanostructures as a function of the length of the brushes and of the depth of the particle–particle square‐well potential. Our results indicate that for strongly attractive particle–particle interactions it is possible to obtain supramolecular spherulites (employing short brushes) or uniform dispersions (using long brushes). At some intermediate lengths of the polymer brushes, the formation of one‐dimensional wires occurs. Our results are useful for designing responsive nanoparticles that reversibly assemble yielding uniform dispersions, nanowires, or spherulites depending on the solution conditions.
Ganzglastreppe mit transparenten SGP‐Klebeverbindungen – Konstruktion und statische Berechnung
Authors: Peters Stefan , Fuchs Andreas , Knippers Jan , Behling Stefan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAuf der glasstec 2006 in Düsseldorf, der weltweit größten Messe der glaserzeugenden und glasverarbeitenden Industrie, wurde von der Firma Seele eine Ganzglastreppe mit einer freien Spannweite von sieben Metern errichtet. Die beiden tragenden Wangen bestehen aus jeweils einer mehrlagigen Floatglasscheibe ohne Stoß. Neben der großen Spannweite der Glasscheiben ist vor allem die Verwendung einer neuartigen Klebetechnik mittels hochtransparenter SGP (SentryGlas® Plus)‐Folien bemerkenswert. Im Mittelpunkt dieses Aufsatzes stehen das statische Konzept der Treppe sowie die Ausführung und Bemessung der Klebeverbindungen.