bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
First-in-Human Experience of an Antidote-Controlled Anticoagulant Using RNA Aptamer Technology
Authors: Dyke Christopher K. , Steinhubl Steven R. , Kleiman Neal S. , Cannon Richard O. , Aberle Laura G. , Lin Min , Myles Shelley K. , Melloni Chiara , Harrington Robert A. , Alexander John H. , Becker Richard C. , Rusconi Christopher P. 
Published: November 2006

Background—Selectivity, titratability, rapidity of onset, and active reversibility are desirable pharmacological properties of anticoagulant therapy administered for acute indications and collectively represent an attractive platform to maximize patient safety. A novel anticoagulation system (REG1, Regado Biosciences), developed using a protein-binding oligonucleotide to factor IXa (drug, RB006) and its complementary oligonucleotide antidote (RB007), was evaluated in healthy volunteers. The primary objective was to determine the safety profile and to characterize the pharmacodynamic responses in this first-in-human study.Methods and Results—Regado 1a was a subject-blinded, dose-escalation, placebo-controlled study that randomized 85 healthy volunteers to receive a bolus of drug or placebo followed 3 hours later by a bolus of antidote or placebo. Pharmacodynamic samples were collected serially. Subject characteristics were the following: median age, 32 years (interquartile range, 23 to 39 years); female gender, 35%; and median weight, 79 kg (interquartile range, 70 to 87 kg). No significant differences were found in median hemoglobin, platelet, creatinine, or liver function studies. There were no significant bleeding signals associated with RB006, and overall, both drug and antidote were well tolerated. One serious adverse event, an episode of transient encephalopathy, occurred in a subject receiving the low intermediate dose of RB006. The subject’s symptoms resolved rapidly, and no further sequelae occurred. A predictable dose-pharmacodynamic response, reflected in activated partial thromboplastin time measurements, was seen after administration of the bolus of drug, with a clear correlation between the peak posttreatment activated partial thromboplastin time and post hoc weight-adjusted dose of drug (correlation coefficient, 0.725;P<0.001). In subjects treated with drug, antidote administration reversed the pharmacological activity of the drug, with a rapid (mean time, 1 to 5 minutes across all dose levels) and sustained return of activated partial thromboplastin time to within the normal range. The activated clotting time followed a similar anticoagulant response and reversal pattern. As anticipated, prothrombin time remained unchanged compared with baseline.Conclusions—These observations represent a first-in-human experience of an RNA aptamer and its complementary oligonucleotide antidote used as an anticoagulant system. The findings contribute to an emerging platform of selective, actively reversible anticoagulant drugs for use among patients with thrombotic disorders of the venous and arterial circulations.
Medical Treatment of Dementia Patients at the End of Life: Can the Law Accommodate the Personal Identity and Welfare Problems?
Authors: Lewis Penney 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article considers whether two significant philosophical objections to autonomy-based legal approaches to decision-making for incompetent individuals could be accommodated by the law. These philosophical objections are known as the personal identity and welfare problems. The article first sets out the autonomy-based approaches and their objections. Next, the present legal position is briefly canvassed in a comparative vein. Finally, the article suggests how the personal identity and welfare problems might be accommodated were legislators minded to do so, by proposing specific statutory amendments to the recent English legislation on advance decisions and evaluating their viability, particularly in light of the European Convention on Human Rights.
The Intensity Forecasting Experiment: A NOAA Multiyear Field Program for Improving Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecasts
Authors: Rogers Robert , Aberson Sim , Black Michael , Black Peter , Cione Joe , Dodge Peter , Dunion Jason , Gamache John , Kaplan John , Powell Mark , Shay Nick , Surgi Naomi , Uhlhorn Eric 
Published: November 2006

In 2005, NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD), part of the Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory, began a multiyear experiment called the Intensity Forecasting Experiment (IFEX). By emphasizing a partnership among NOAA's HRD, Environmental Modeling Center (EMC), National Hurricane Center (NHC), Aircraft Operations Center (AOC), and National Environmental Satellite Data Information Service (NESDIS), IFEX represents a new approach for conducting hurricane field program operations. IFEX is intended to improve the prediction of tropical cyclone (TC) intensity change by 1) collecting observations that span the TC life cycle in a variety of environments; 2) developing and refining measurement technologies that provide improved real-time monitoring of TC intensity, structure, and environment; and 3) improving the understanding of the physical processes important in intensity change for a TC at all stages of its life cycle.
This paper presents a summary of the accomplishments of IFEX during the 2005 hurricane season. New and refined technologies for measuring such fields as surface and three-dimensional wind fields, and the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, were achieved in a variety of field experiments that spanned the life cycle of several tropical cyclones, from formation and early organization to peak intensity and subsequent landfall or extratropical transition. Partnerships with other experiments during 2005 also expanded the spatial and temporal coverage of the data collected in 2005. A brief discussion of the plans for IFEX in 2006 is also provided.
Retrieval of Latent Heating from TRMM Measurements
Authors: Tao W.-K. , Smith E. A. , Adler R. F. , Haddad Z. S. , Hou A. Y. , Iguchi T. , Kakar R. , Krishnamurti T. N. , Kummerow C. D. , Lang S. , Meneghini R. , Nakamura K. , Nakazawa T. , Okamoto K. , Olson W. S. , Satoh S. , Shige S. , Simpson J. , Takayabu Y. , Tripoli G. J. , Yang S. 
Published: November 2006

Rainfall is a fundamental process within the Earth's hydrological cycle because it represents a principal forcing term in surface water budgets, while its energetics corollary, latent heating, is the principal source of atmospheric diabatic heating well into the middle latitudes. Latent heat production itself is a consequence of phase changes between the vapor, liquid, and frozen states of water. The properties of the vertical distribution of latent heat release modulate large-scale meridional and zonal circulations within the Tropics, as well as modify the energetic efficiencies of midlatitude weather systems.
This paper highlights the retrieval of latent heating from satellite measurements generated by the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite observatory, which was launched in November 1997 as a joint American–Japanese space endeavor. Since then, TRMM measurements have been providing credible four-dimensional accounts of rainfall over the global Tropics and subtropics, information that can be used to estimate the space–time structure of latent heating across the Earth's low latitudes.
A set of algorithm methodologies for estimating latent heating based on precipitation-rate profile retrievals obtained from TRMM measurements has been under continuous development since the advent of the mission s research program. These algorithms are briefly described, followed by a discussion of the latent heating products that they generate. The paper then provides an overview of how TRMM-derived latent heating information is currently being used in conjunction with global weather and climate models, concluding with remarks intended to stimulate further research on latent heating retrieval from satellites.
Diabetes Self-management Education Program for Medicaid Recipients
Authors: Balamurugan Appathurai , Ohsfeldt Robert , Hughes Tom , Phillips Martha 
Published: November 2006

Purpose Diabetes self-management education (DSME) is the cornerstone in effective management of diabetes. The continuous quality improvement process was used to identify the problem, collect and analyze data, and develop and implement a DSME program for Medicaid recipients, and subsequently, the program was evaluated to assess its effectiveness. Methods A DSME program consisting of a 1-hour initial assessment of individual needs followed by 12 hours of group education on nutrition and self-management was provided to 212 Arkansas Medicaid recipients over 1 year. Key clinical measures were assessed at the end of the period. Results Over 1 year, mean HbA1c declined by 0.45% among the DSME participants who completed the full program. Multivariate analyses found that after controlling for age, gender, race, preperiod diabetes drug use, and preperiod costs, DSME participants were found to have fewer hospital admissions, emergency department visits, and outpatient visits. Changes from baseline clinical values for DSME participants were used to project changes in diabetes-related costs using the Gilmer model. An estimated savings in diabetes-related cost over 3 years was $415 per program completer. Over 10 years, completers were estimated to experience 12% fewer coronary heart disease events and 15% fewer microvascular disease events using the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study risk models. Conclusions A DSME program for Medicaid recipients can reduce health care use among Medicaid recipients with diabetes within 1 year and over longer periods of time is likely to reduce costs associated with reduced use of health care. Plans are in place to explore the possibility of sustaining the program.
Biomechanical Evaluation of Two Techniques for Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Petersen Wolf , Tretow Henning , Weimann Andre , Herbort Mirco , Fu Freddie H. , Raschke Michael , Zantop Thore 
Published: November 2006

Background This research was undertaken to determine whether there is a need for a second tibial tunnel in anatomic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Hypothesis Anatomic two-bundle reconstruction with two tibial tunnels restores knee anterior tibial translation in response to 134 N and to 5-N·m internal tibial torque combined with 10-N·m valgus torque more closely to normal than does double-bundle reconstruction with one tibial tunnel. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Ten cadaveric knees were subjected to a 134-N anterior tibial load at 0°, 30°, 60°, and 90° and to 5-N·m internal tibial torque and 10-N·m valgus torque at 15° and 30°. Resulting knee kinematics and in situ force in the anterior cruciate ligament or replacement graft were determined by using a robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system for (1) intact, (2) anterior cruciate ligament–deficient, (3) double-bundle/one tibial tunnel, and (4) double-bundle/two tibial tunnels. Results Anterior tibial translation for the reconstruction with two tibial tunnels was significantly closer to that of the intact knee than was the reconstruction with one tibial tunnel at 0° and 30° of flexion (0° = 3.82 vs 6.0 mm, P < .05; 30° = 7.99 vs 11 mm, P < .05). The in situ force normalized to the intact anterior cruciate ligament for the reconstruction with two tibial tunnels was significantly higher than the in situ force of the reconstruction with one tibial tunnel (30° = 89 vs 82 N, P < .05). With a combined rotatory load, the anterior tibial translation of specimens with a tibial two-tunnel technique was significantly lower than that of specimens with one tunnel (0° = 5.7 vs 8.4 mm, P < .05; 30° = 7.5 vs 9.5 mm, P < .05). Conclusions Anatomic reconstruction with two tibial tunnels may produce a better biomechanical outcome, especially close to extension. Clinical Relevance At the time of initial fixation, there appears to be a small biomechanical advantage to the second tibial tunnel in the setting of two-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Talc: an indicator of recent anthropogenic activity
Authors: Ruch P. , Bapst A. , Kübler B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTalc is very often an important constituent of suspended matter in marine and lacustrine environments but is rarely detected in sediments. The presence of talc is usually attributed to its industrial and agricultural application. Its recent anthropogenic use, long residence time in the water column due to its small particle size, transport by surface currents and winds, and its tendency to resuspension from the sediment are factors which contribute to the preferential detection of talc in suspended matter.
Fe(III)-pillared montmorillonites: preparation and characterization
Authors: Martin-Luengo M. A. , Martins-Carvalho H. , Ladriere J. , Grange P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPorous, high surface area solids have been prepared by intercalation of a trinuclear acetato hydroxy-iron(III) complex cation between the layers of montmorillonite and the resulting materials have been characterized in order to identify the nature of the iron intercalates formed during and after the cation exchange step. Spectroscopic studies demonstrated that at 623 K, the iron complex was partially decomposed and α-Fe2O3 was only detected in samples heated at high temperatures, > 923 K. Under these conditions, the dehydroxylation of the montmorillonite layers led to the collapse of the structure.
The formation of corundum and aluminous hematite by the thermal dehydroxylation of aluminous goethite
Authors: Wells M. A. , Gilkes R. J. , Anand R. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDehydroxylation of synthetic and natural goethites with a range of Al-substitution from 0–28 mole% was investigated with a view to predicting the behaviour of soil goethites heated by bush fires. Hematites formed at temperatures ≤ 500°C retain the initial Al-content of the precursor goethite up to a maximum of 28 mole% Al. Loss of Al from the hematite structure occurred at 700°C for synthetic hematites with levels of substitution ≥18 mole% Al, but no crystalline alumina phase was present. Crystallization of corundum occurred for synthetic Al-goethites with levels of substitution ≥18 mole% when heated at 900°C. Formation of corundum reduces the maximum level of Al-substitution in hematites to ∼ 12 mole%. The exsolved corundum occurs as aggregated, platy crystals, 40–45 nm in diameter, containing a maximum of 7 mole% Fe. Al-substituted maghemite (7 mole% Al) formed from high Al-goethites heated at 900°C. Although some corundum in soils may be produced by heating of aluminous goethite by fires, the absence of corundum in natural Al-goethites calcined at 900°C, and the very high temperature (900°C) at which corundum formed from synthetic goethite suggest that other sources of Al may be required as precursors for the corundum formed by heating of soils.
Luminescence and ESR studies of relationships between O−-centres and structural iron in natural and synthetically hydrated kaolinites
Authors: Coyne Lelia M. , Costanzo Patricia M. , Theng B. K. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLuminescence, induced by dehydration and by wetting with hydrazine and unsymmetrically substituted hydrazine, and related ESR spectra have been observed from several kaolinites, synthetically hydrated kaolinites, and metahalloysites. The amine-wetting luminescence results suggest that intercalation, not a chemiluminescence reaction, is the luminescence trigger. Correlation between dehydration-induced luminescence and g = 2 ESR signals associated with O−-centres in several natural halloysites, and concurrent diminution of the intensity of both these signal types as a function of aging in two 8.4 Å synthetically hydrated kaolinites, confirm a previously-reported relationship between the luminescence induced by dehydration and in the presence of O−-centres (holes, i.e., electron vacancies) in the tetrahedral sheet. Furthermore, the ESR spectra of the 8.4 Å hydrate showed a concurrent change in the line shape of the g = 4 signal from a shape usually associated with structural Fe in an ordered kaolinite, to a simpler one typically observed in more disordered kaolinite, halloysite, and montmorillonite. Either structural Fe centres and the O−-centres interact, or both are subject to factors previously associated with degree of order. The results question the long-term stability of the 8.4 Å hydrate, although XRD does not indicate interlayer collapse over this period. Complex inter-relationships are shown between intercalation, stored energy, structural Fe, and the degree of hydration which may be reflected in catalytic as well as spectroscopic properties of the clays.
Hematite Identification in Pseudo-Particles of Moroccan Rubified Soils
Authors: Michalet R. , Guillet B. , Souchier B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn Moroccan calcareous mountains, red soils are distinguishable from brown soils, not only by their colour but also by their microaggregated structure. Clay mineral dispersion studies of these soils were carried out by increasing pH, after different treatments. The formation of the pseudo-particles appears to be dependent on the fixation of amorphous Fe on clay and on the chemical binding of those clays by amorphous Al-hydroxy-polycations. This can be explained by the high isoelectric point of ferric compounds such as ferrihydrite which are soluble in ammonium oxalate. Based on these results and using techniques of granulometric analysis, red clays aggregated in pseudo-particles were separated from less rubified clays. Hematite was identified in pseudoparticles from red soils and an increase of amorphous Fe has been shown in aggregated clays. These microstructural conditions characterizing rubification could also favour it, by creating microsites where water activity decreases and allows the crystallization of hematite by dehydration of ferrihydrite.
First Data on Clay Mineral Assemblages and Geochemical Characteristics of Toarcian Sedimentation in the umbriamarche basin (central italy)
Authors: Ortega-Huertas M. , Monaco P. , Palomo I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA moderate to high rate of clay sedimentation is characteristic of the Toarcian sequences in the Umbria-Marche basin. The clay mineral assemblages and geochemical characteristics indicate that the Marne di Monte Serrone Formation and the Rosso Ammonitico Umbro-Marchigiano Unit were deposited in a shallow marine environment. In this general palaeogeographic scheme, a reducing subenvironment must have exsisted in which black shale-type facies were deposited resulting in geochemical anomalies in As, Sb, Zn, Co, Cu, Pb, V, Cr, and Ba, among other elements. The high values of both the detrital index and the Ce/Ce* ratio reveal the influence of proximal emerged reliefs. It is suggested that the palaeosoils that developed on the Liassic carbonate Laziale-Abuzzese platform were the source area of these sediments, following a palaeogeographic scheme analogous to that proposed for the Betic Cordilleras (Spain) during the Middle Domerian to Middle Toarcian. The positive and negative Eu anomalies are due to the decisive influence of the weathering process in which sediments with heterogeneous Eu anomaly size were mixed. The final distribution pattern of REE is the result of the different environments to which the clay minerals were subjected and the differences in intensity of weathering.
Controls on Clay Mineral Distribution and Chemistry in the Early Permian Rotliegend of Germany
Authors: Platt J. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAuthigenic clay minerals in the German Rotliegend formed mainly at burial depths >1.5 km. Illite is the dominant cement, although kaolinite, dickite and early radial chlorite are abundant locally. Illites contain more AI and late chlorites more AI and Fe in sequences showing extensive grain dissolution. This relationship between clay chemistry and grain dissolution suggests that clay cementation is linked to grain dissolution. Sequences at relatively shallow burial depths (<3-5 km) contain less clay cement. In the more deeply buried sections, increased illite and kandite cementation, together with extensive grain dissolution, is evident where the Rotliegend is juxtaposed against Carboniferous Coal Measures. Faults also acted as important conduits for acidic fluids. Illite and kandite growth occurred at similar depths and from waters of similar isotopic composition (618O = 1-6‰ SMOW) throughout most of the Southern Permian Basin. However, the timing of illite growth varied between areas and corresponded to periods to tectonic activity.
Leukocytosis as a major thrombotic risk factor in patients with polycythemia vera
Authors: Landolfi Raffaele , Di Gennaro Leonardo , Barbui Tiziano , De Stefano Valerio , Finazzi Guido , Marfisi RosaMaria , Tognoni Gianni , Marchioli Roberto ,   for the European Collaboration on Low-Dose Aspirin in Polycythemia Vera (ECLAP)
Published: November 2006

Abstract
In polycythemia vera, vascular risk assessment is based on age and thrombotic history, while the role of other potential predictors of this risk is still uncertain. Thus, we exploited the large database collected by the observational study of the European Collaboration on Low-Dose Aspirin in Polycythemia Vera (ECLAP) to investigate the association of hematologic variables and cardiovascular risk factors with the thrombotic risk. Among 1638 polycythemic patients followed for 2.7 ± 1.3 years, there were 205 thromboses. Subjects with hypertension had a mild nonsignificant increase in the risk of arterial thrombosis, while this risk was significantly increased by smoking (hazard ratio [HR], 1.90; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.15-3.14; P = .012). The time-dependent analysis adjusted for potential confounders showed that patients with a white blood cell count above 15 × 109/L, compared with those with a white blood cell count below 10 × 109/L, had a significant increase in the risk of thrombosis (HR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.10-2.65; P = .017), mainly deriving from an increased risk of myocardial infarction (HR, 2.84; 95% CI, 1.25-6.46; P = .013). Thus, leukocyte count may help in defining the vascular risk of polycythemic subjects.
Imprinting modulates processing of visual information in the visual wulst of chicks
Authors: Maekawa Fumihiko , Komine Okiru , Sato Katsushige , Kanamatsu Tomoyuki , Uchimura Motoaki , Tanaka Kohichi , Ohki-Hamazaki Hiroko 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
Imprinting behavior is one form of learning and memory in precocial birds. With the aim of elucidating of the neural basis for visual imprinting, we focused on visual information processing.

Results
A lesion in the visual wulst, which is similar functionally to the mammalian visual cortex, caused anterograde amnesia in visual imprinting behavior. Since the color of an object was one of the important cues for imprinting, we investigated color information processing in the visual wulst. Intrinsic optical signals from the visual wulst were detected in the early posthatch period and the peak regions of responses to red, green, and blue were spatially organized from the caudal to the nasal regions in dark-reared chicks. This spatial representation of color recognition showed plastic changes, and the response pattern along the antero-posterior axis of the visual wulst altered according to the color the chick was imprinted to.

Conclusion
These results indicate that the thalamofugal pathway is critical for learning the imprinting stimulus and that the visual wulst shows learning-related plasticity and may relay processed visual information to indicate the color of the imprint stimulus to the memory storage region, e.g., the intermediate medial mesopallium.