bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evolutionary divergence between homologous X-Y chromosome genes shapes sex-biased biology
Authors: DeCasien Alex R. , Tsai Kathryn , Liu Siyuan , Thomas Adam , Raznahan Armin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTSex chromosomes are a fundamental aspect of sex-biased biology, but the extent to which homologous X–Y gene pairs (“the gametologs”) contribute to sex-biased phenotypes remains hotly-debated. Although these genes exhibit large sex differences in expression throughout the body (XX females express both X members; XY males express one X and one Y member), there is conflicting evidence regarding the degree of functional divergence between the X and Y gametologs. Here, we use co-expression fingerprint (CF) analysis to characterize functional divergence between the X and Y members of 17 gametolog gene pairs across >40 human tissues. Gametologs exhibit functional divergence between the sexes that is driven by divergence between the X vs. Y gametologs (assayed in males) and is greatest among evolutionary distant gametolog pairs. These patterns reflect that X vs. Y gametologs show coordinated patterns of asymmetric coupling with large sets of autosomal genes, which are enriched for functional pathways and gene sets implicated in sex-biased biology and disease. These findings suggest that the X and Y gametologs have diverged in function, and prioritize specific gametolog pairs for future targeted experimental studies.
Human chorionic gonadotropin decreases cerebral cystic encephalomalacia and parvalbumin interneuron degeneration in a pro-inflammatory model of mouse neonatal hypoxia-ischemia
Authors: Miller Ben , Crider Alexander , Aravamuthan Bhooma , Galindo Rafael 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe pregnancy hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an immunoregulatory and neurotrophic glycoprotein of potential clinical utility in the neonate at risk for cerebral injury. Despite its well-known role in its ability to modulate the innate immune response during pregnancy, hCG has not been demonstrated to affect the pro-degenerative actions of inflammation in neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI). Here we utilize a neonatal mouse model of mild HI combined with intraperitoneal administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate the neuroprotective actions of hCG in the setting of endotoxin-mediated systemic inflammation. Intraperitoneal treatment of hCG shortly prior to LPS injection significantly decreased tissue loss and cystic degeneration in the hippocampal and cerebral cortex in the term-equivalent neonatal mouse exposed to mild HI. Noting that parvalbumin immunoreactive interneurons have been broadly implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, it is notable that hCG significantly improved the injury-mediated reduction of these neurons in the cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus. The above findings were associated with a decrease in the amount of Iba1 immunoreactive microglia in most of these brain regions. These observations implicate hCG as an agent capable of improving the neurological morbidity associated with peripheral inflammation in the neonate affected by HI. Future preclinical studies should aim at demonstrating added neuroprotective benefit by hCG in the context of therapeutic hypothermia and further exploring the mechanisms responsible for this effect. This research is likely to advance the therapeutic role of gonadotropins as a treatment for neonates with neonatal brain injury.Key pointsIntraperitoneal administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) decreases lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-augmented hypoxic-ischemic neurodegeneration in the term-equivalent mouse neonatePretreatment with hCG reduces LPS-mediated cystic encephalomalacia of the cerebral cortex and ameliorates hippocampal tissue loss after neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI)hCG decreases LPS+HI-mediated parvalbumin immunoreactive interneuron loss in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and dorsal striatum.hCG decreases LPS+HI-augmented microglial Iba1 immunoreactivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus.
The laminar organization of cell types in macaque cortex and its relationship to neuronal oscillations
Authors: Lichtenfeld M.J. , Mulvey A.G. , Nejat H. , Xiong Y.S. , Carlson B.M. , Mitchell B.A. , Mendoza-Halliday D. , Westerberg J.A. , Desimone R. , Maier A. , Kaas J.H. , Bastos A.M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe canonical microcircuit (CMC) has been hypothesized to be the fundamental unit of information processing in cortex. Each CMC unit is thought to be an interconnected column of neurons with specific connections between excitatory and inhibitory neurons across layers. Recently, we identified a conserved spectrolaminar motif of oscillatory activity across the primate cortex that may be the physiological consequence of the CMC. The spectrolaminar motif consists of local field potential (LFP) gamma-band power (40-150 Hz) peaking in superficial layers 2 and 3 and alpha/beta-band power (8-30 Hz) peaking in deep layers 5 and 6. Here, we investigate whether specific conserved cell types may produce the spectrolaminar motif. We collected laminar histological and electrophysiological data in 11 distinct cortical areas spanning the visual hierarchy: V1, V2, V3, V4, TEO, MT, MST, LIP, 8A/FEF, PMD, and LPFC (area 46), and anatomical data in DP and 7A. We stained representative slices for the three main inhibitory subtypes, Parvalbumin (PV), Calbindin (CB), and Calretinin (CR) positive neurons, as well as pyramidal cells marked with Neurogranin (NRGN). We found a conserved laminar structure of PV, CB, CR, and pyramidal cells. We also found a consistent relationship between the laminar distribution of inhibitory subtypes with power in the local field potential. PV interneuron density positively correlated with gamma (40-150 Hz) power. CR and CB density negatively correlated with alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (13-30 Hz) oscillations. The conserved, layer-specific pattern of inhibition and excitation across layers is therefore likely the anatomical substrate of the spectrolaminar motif.Significance StatementNeuronal oscillations emerge as an interplay between excitatory and inhibitory neurons and underlie cognitive functions and conscious states. These oscillations have distinct expression patterns across cortical layers. Does cellular anatomy enable these oscillations to emerge in specific cortical layers? We present a comprehensive analysis of the laminar distribution of the three main inhibitory cell types in primate cortex (Parvalbumin, Calbindin, and Calretinin positive) and excitatory pyramidal cells. We found a canonical relationship between the laminar anatomy and electrophysiology in 11 distinct primate areas spanning from primary visual to prefrontal cortex. The laminar anatomy explained the expression patterns of neuronal oscillations in different frequencies. Our work provides insight into the cortex-wide cellular mechanisms that generate neuronal oscillations in primates.
Violated predictions enhance the representational fidelity of visual features in perception
Authors: Rideaux Reuben , Dang Phuong , Jackel-David Luke , Buhmann Zak , Rangelov Dragan , Mattingley Jason B 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTPredictive coding theories argue that recent experience establishes expectations that generate prediction errors when violated. In humans, brain imaging studies have revealed unique signatures of violated predictions in sensory cortex, but the perceptual consequences of these effects remain unknown. We had observers perform a dual-report task on the orientation of briefly presented gratings within predictable or random sequences, while we recorded their pupil size as an index of surprise. Observers first made a speeded response to categorize grating orientation (clockwise or counterclockwise from vertical), then reproduced the orientation without time pressure by rotating a bar. This allowed us to separately assess response speed and precision for the same stimuli. Critically, on half the trials, the target orientation deviated from the spatiotemporal structure established by the preceding gratings. Observers responded faster and more accurately to unexpected gratings, and pupillometry provided physiological evidence of observers’ surprise in response to these events. In a second experiment, we cued the spatial location and timing of the grating and found the same pattern of results, demonstrating that unexpected orientation information is sufficient to produce faster and more precise responses, even when the location and timing of the relevant stimuli are fully expected. These findings indicate that unexpected events are prioritized by the visual system both in terms of processing speed and representational fidelity.
Preferences and uptake of home-based HIV self-testing for maternal retesting in Kenya
Authors: Drake Alison L. , Jiang Wenwen , Kitao Peninah , Farid Shiza , Richardson Barbra A. , Katz David A. , Wagner Anjuli D. , Johnson Cheryl C , Matemo Daniel , Stewart Grace-John , Kinuthia John 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTObjectiveTo compare preferences, uptake, and cofactors for unassisted home-based oral self-testing (HB-HIVST) versus clinic-based rapid diagnostic blood tests (CB-RDT) for maternal HIV retesting.DesignProspective cohortMethodsBetween November 2017 and June 2019, HIV-negative pregnant Kenyan women receiving antenatal care were enrolled and given a choice to retest with HB-HIVST or CB-RDT. Women were asked to retest between 36 weeks gestation and 1 week post-delivery if the last HIV test was <24 weeks gestation or at 6 weeks postpartum if ≥24 weeks gestation, and self-report on retesting at a 14 week postpartum.ResultsOverall, 994 women enrolled and 33% (n=330) selected HB-HIVST. HB-HIVST was selected because it was private (68%), convenient (63%), and offered flexibility in timing of retesting (63%), whereas CB-RDT was selected due to trust of providers to administer the test (77%) and convenience of clinic testing (64%). Among 905 women who reported retesting at follow-up, 135 (15%) used HB-HIVST. Most (94%) who selected CB-RDT retested with this strategy, compared to 39% who selected HB-HIVST retesting with HB-HIVST. HB-HIVST retesting was more common among women with higher household income and those who may have been unable to test during pregnancy (both retested postpartum and delivered <37 weeks gestation) and less common among women who were depressed. Most women said they would retest in the future using the test selected at enrollment (99% HB-HIVST; 93% CB-RDT-RDT).ConclusionsWhile most women preferred CB-RDT for maternal retesting, HB-HIVST was acceptable and feasible and may increase retesting coverage and partner testing.
Optogenetics-integrated gut organ culture system connects enteric neurons dynamics and gut homeostasis
Authors: Naim Gitali , Romano Hadar , Amidror Sivan , Levy David Jessula , Cohen Adva , Sochen Carmel , Yarden Yasmin , Feng Mengyang , Farah Nairouz , Tsentsarevsky Rotem , Brodie Ziv , Reich Yasmin , Simon Ariel , Toister Einat , Shoval Irit , Mandel Yossi , Biton Moshe , Yissachar Nissan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe enteric nervous system (ENS) senses microbiota-derived signals and orchestrates mucosal immunity and epithelial barrier functions, in health and disease. However, mechanistic dissections of intestinal neuro-immune-microbiota communications remain challenging and existing research methods limit experimental controllability and throughput. Here, we present a novel optogenetics-integrated gut organ culture system that enables real-time, whole-tissue stimulation of specific ENS lineages, allowing for detailed analysis of their functional impact. We demonstrate that optogenetic activation of enteric cholinergic neurons rapidly modulates intestinal physiology. Interestingly, distinct neuronal firing patterns differentially modulate neuro-immunological gene expression and epithelial barrier integrity. Furthermore, diverse enteric neuronal lineages exert distinct regulatory roles. While cholinergic activation promotes gene-sets associated with type-2 immunity, tachykininergic enteric neurons differentially control mucosal defense programs. Remarkably, luminal introduction of the immunomodulatory bacteriumC. ramosumsignificantly remodeled cholinergic-induced neuro-immunological transcription. These findings suggest that complex combinatorial signals delivered by gut microbes and enteric neurons are locally integrated to fine-tune intestinal immunity and barrier defense. Collectively, we provide a powerful platform for systematic discovery and mechanistic exploration of functional neuroimmune connections, and their potential modulation by drugs, microbes, or metabolites.Short abstractThe enteric nervous system senses microbiota-derived signals and orchestrates mucosal immunity and epithelial barrier functions. Mechanistic dissections of intestinal neuro-immune-microbiota communications remain challenging. We developed an optogenetics-integrated gut organ culture system for real-time neuronal stimulation and analysis. We revealed neuronal-specific activity patterns, which differentially regulate intestinal transcription and epithelial barrier integrity. Collectively, we provide a powerful platform to test neuroimmune connections and their potential modulation by drugs, microbes, or metabolites.
Resting-state fMRI reveals altered functional connectivity associated with resilience and susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress in mouse brain
Authors: Lupinsky Derek , Nasseef Md Taufiq , Parent Carine , Craig Kelly , Diorio Josie , Zhang Tie-Yuan , Meaney Michael J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTChronic stress is a causal antecedent condition for major depressive disorder and associates with altered patterns of neural connectivity. There are nevertheless important individual differences in susceptibility to chronic stress. How stress-induced alterations in functional connectivity amongst depression-related brain regions associates with resilience and susceptibility to chronic stress is largely unknown. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) to examine functional connectivity between established depression-related regions in susceptible (SUS) and resilient (RES) adult mice following chronic social defeat stress (CSDS). Seed-seed FC analysis revealed that the ventral dentate gyrus (vDG) exhibited the greatest number of group differences in functional connectivity with targeted brain regions. SUS mice showed greater functional connectivity between the vDG and subcortical regions compared to both control (CON) or RES groups. Whole brain vDG seed-voxel analysis supported seed-seed findings in SUS mice and indicated significantly decreased connectivity between the vDG and anterior cingulate area compared to CON mice. Interestingly, RES mice exhibited enhanced connectivity between the vDG and anterior cingulate area compared to SUS mice. Moreover, RES mice showed greater connectivity between the infralimbic prefrontal cortex and the nucleus accumbens shell. These findings indicate unique differences in functional connectivity patterns in SUS and RES mice that could represent a neurobiological basis for vulnerability for stress-induced depression.
The Neural Basis of Attentional Blink as a Selective Control Mechanism in Conscious Perception
Authors: Xin Q. , Forman S. , Christison-Lagay K. L. , Micek C. , Kronemer S. I. , Aksen M. , Grobois L. , Ramirez V. Contreras , Khalaf A. , Jin D. , Aerts S. , Chun M. M. , Crowley M. J. , Blumenfeld H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConscious perception of visual stimuli involves large-scale brain networks with multiple activation-deactivation dynamics. Previous works have shown that early detection networks may be switched off about 200ms to 300ms after presentation of a visual stimulus. We hypothesize that these deactivations represent a selective control mechanism of the brain to conserve resources for post-perceptual processing. To this end, we used attentional blink as a behavioral measure for this mechanism. We showed that attentional blink is more likely to occur when a previous visual stimulus was consciously perceived. Using high-resolution eye-tracking, we found prolonged decrease in pupil diameter and transient decrease in blink probability associated with attentional blink. Using scalp EEG data, we further showed that attentional blink is associated with more pronounced event-related potentials related to visual processing and report.One sentence summaryattentional blink may represent a selective control mechanism of neural processing resources underlying conscious perception.
Low-Dimensional Representations of Visuomotor Coordination in Natural Behavior
Authors: Keshava Ashima , Wächter Maximilian A. , Boße Franca , Schüler Thomas , König Peter 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTUnderstanding how eyes, head, and hands coordinate in natural contexts is a critical challenge in visuomotor coordination research, often limited by sedentary tasks or constrained settings. To address this gap, we conducted an experiment where participants proactively performed pick-and-place actions on a life-size shelf in a virtual environment and recorded concurrent gaze and body movements. Subjects exhibited intricate translation and rotation movements of the eyes, head, and hands during the task. We employed a time-dependent principal component analysis to study the relationship between the movements of the eye, head, and hand relative to the onset of the action. We reduced the overall dimensionality into 2D representations, capturing up to 65% just in time of the actions. Our analysis revealed a synergistic coupling of the eye-head and eye-hand systems. While generally loosely coupled, they synchronized at the moment of action, with variations in coupling observed in horizontal and vertical planes, indicating distinct mechanisms for coordination in the brain. Crucially, the head and hand were tightly coupled throughout the observation period, suggesting a shared neural code driving these effectors. Notably, the low-dimensional representations demonstrated maximum predictive accuracy ∼200ms before the action onset, highlighting a just-in-time coordination of the three effectors. Furthermore, the predictive accuracy was significantly influenced by the location of the upcoming action. Our study emphasizes the differential visuomotor control in natural behaviors, providing insights into the dynamic interplay of eye, head, and hand movements during reach-to-grasp tasks.NEW & NOTEWORTHYStudying natural, self-initiated, complex visuomotor coordination, we observe low-dimensional dynamics with distinct patterns along horizontal and vertical axes. The eye’s horizontal movement showed notable independence, aligning with head and hand movements just in time for action. Importantly, around critical events, the dimensionality of the complex movements is further reduced, indicating dynamic correspondence of eye-head-hand coordination.
Influential factors in the adoption of clinical decision support systems in hospital settings: a systematic review and meta-synthesis of qualitative studies
Authors: Shakibaei Bonakdeh Erfan , Sohal Amrik , Rajabkhah Koorosh , Prajogo Daniel , Melder Angela , Nguyen Dinh Quy , Bingham Gordon , Tong Erica 
Published: March 2024

PurposeAdoption of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) is a crucial step towards the digital transition of the healthcare sector. This review aims to determine and synthesise the influential factors in CDSS adoption in inpatient healthcare settings in order to grasp an understanding of the phenomenon and identify future research gaps.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature search of five databases (Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science and Scopus) was conducted between January 2010 and June 2023. The search strategy was a combination of the following keywords and their synonyms: clinical decision support, hospital or secondary care and influential factors. The quality of studies was evaluated against a 40-point rating scale.FindingsThirteen papers were systematically reviewed and synthesised and deductively classified into three main constructs of the Technology–Organisation–Environment theory. Scarcity of papers investigating CDSS adoption and its challenges, especially in developing countries, was evident.Practical implicationsThis study offers a summative account of challenges in the CDSS procurement process. Strategies to help adopters proactively address the challenges are: (1) Hospital leaders need a clear digital strategy aligned with stakeholders' consensus; (2) Developing modular IT solutions and conducting situational analysis to achieve IT goals; and (3) Government policies, accreditation standards and procurement guidelines play a crucial role in navigating the complex CDSS market.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first review to address the adoption and procurement of CDSS. Previous literature only addressed challenges and facilitators within the implementation and post-implementation stages. This study focuses on the firm-level adoption phase of CDSS technology with a theory refining lens.
Capital market effects of corporate transparency and sustainability: evidence from an emerging economy
Authors: Ko YoungKyung , Subramaniam Ravichandran , Devi Susela 
Published: March 2024

Purpose
The study aims to examine the association between corporate transparency and firm value (capital market effect) and investigate whether auditor choice moderates this relationship.

Design/methodology/approach
This study uses the Malaysian Institute of Corporate Governance (2017) data set, which provides scores on anti-corruption commitment, organisational transparency and sustainability of Malaysia’s top 100 listed firms. The methodology entails an ordinary pooled least square regression method for empirical research.

Findings
The positive association between corporate transparency and firm value is more evident in anti-corruption and sustainability initiatives. More importantly, government-linked companies have higher scores. Firms with enhanced anti-corruption commitment are more likely to have higher firm value, and this relationship is more evident for politically connected firms. This study also finds that auditor choice is associated with the firm value in the sampled listed firms.

Practical implications
The findings provide implications for investors and regulators on the role of corporate transparency in an emerging capital market.

Social implications
The study recommends that emerging market regulators continue enhancing corporate governance codes and practices to improve reporting transparency for listed firms.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the growing literature on sustainability disclosures by incorporating corporate reporting transparency, explicitly relating to firms’ commitment to anti-corruption, organisational transparency and sustainability.