bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast quantum control of atomic excited states via interferometric two-photon Rabi oscillations
Authors: Chen Yudong , Peng Sainan , Fu Zongyuan , Qiu Liyang , Fan Guangyu , Liu Yi , Wu Saijun , Xie Xinhua , Tao Zhensheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantum-state manipulation through coherent interaction with a radiation field is a fundamental process with broad implications in quantum optics and quantum information processing. However, current quantum control methods are limited by their operation at Rabi frequencies below the gigahertz range, which restricts their applicability to systems with long coherence times. To overcome this limitation, alternative approaches utilizing ultrafast driving lasers have garnered great interest. In this work, we demonstrate two-photon Rabi oscillations in the excited states of argon operating at terahertz frequencies driven by ultrafast laser pulses. Leveraging quantum-path interferometry, we are able to measure and manipulate both the amplitudes and phases of the transition dipoles by exploiting the intensity and polarization state of the driving laser. This precise control enables femtosecond population transfer and coherent accumulation of geometric phase. Our findings provide valuable insights into the all-optical manipulation of extreme-ultraviolet radiations and demonstrate the possibility of ultrafast quantum control through interferometric multiphoton transitions.
Urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil ecosystem services
Authors: Eldridge David J. , Cui Haiying , Ding Jingyi , Berdugo Miguel , Sáez-Sandino Tadeo , Duran Jorge , Gaitan Juan , Blanco-Pastor José L. , Rodríguez Alexandra , Plaza César , Alfaro Fernando , Teixido Alberto L. , Abades Sebastian , Bamigboye Adebola R. , Peñaloza-Bojacá Gabriel F. , Grebenc Tine , Nahberger Tine U. , Illán Javier G. , Liu Yu-Rong , Makhalanyane Thulani P. , Rey Ana , Siebe Christina , Sun Wei , Trivedi Pankaj , Verma Jay Prakash , Wang Ling , Wang Jianyong , Wang Tianxue , Zaady Eli , Zhou Xiaobing , Zhou Xin-Quan , Delgado-Baquerizo Manuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGreenspaces are important for sustaining healthy urban environments and their human populations. Yet their capacity to support multiple ecosystem services simultaneously (multiservices) compared with nearby natural ecosystems remains virtually unknown. We conducted a global field survey in 56 urban areas to investigate the influence of urban greenspaces on 23 soil and plant attributes and compared them with nearby natural environments. We show that, in general, urban greenspaces and nearby natural areas support similar levels of soil multiservices, with only six of 23 attributes (available phosphorus, water holding capacity, water respiration, plant cover, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), and arachnid richness) significantly greater in greenspaces, and one (available ammonium) greater in natural areas. Further analyses showed that, although natural areas and urban greenspaces delivered a similar number of services at low (>25% threshold) and moderate (>50%) levels of functioning, natural systems supported significantly more functions at high (>75%) levels of functioning. Management practices (mowing) played an important role in explaining urban ecosystem services, but there were no effects of fertilisation or irrigation. Some services declined with increasing site size, for both greenspaces and natural areas. Our work highlights the fact that urban greenspaces are more similar to natural environments than previously reported and underscores the importance of managing urban greenspaces not only for their social and recreational values, but for supporting multiple ecosystem services on which soils and human well-being depends.
The effect of climate change on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment
Authors: Gwynn Justin P. , Hatje Vanessa , Casacuberta Núria , Sarin Manmohan , Osvath Iolanda 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change interacts with the sources and cycling of contaminants, such as radionuclides, in the environment. In this review, we discuss the implications of climate change impacts on existing and potential future sources of radionuclides associated with human activities to the marine environment. The overall effect on operational releases of radionuclides from the nuclear and non-nuclear sectors will likely be increased interference or prevention of normal operations due to weather-related events. For certain radioactive waste dumped at sea and sunken nuclear submarines, the impact of climate change and ocean acidification on the release of radionuclides and their subsequent fate in the marine environment should be considered further. Fluxes from secondary sources of radionuclides in the marine and terrestrial environment and cryosphere will change in response to climate change impacts such as sea level rise, warming and changes in precipitation patterns. In addition, climate change impacts may increase the risk of releases of radionuclides from operational and legacy wastes on land to the marine environment. Overall, our synthesis highlights that there is a need to understand and assess climate change impacts on sources of radionuclides to the marine environment to meet environmental and management challenges under future climate scenarios.
Unraveling weak and short South Asian wet season in the Early Eocene warmth
Authors: Abhik S. , Capitanio Fabio A. , Dommenget Dietmar , Goswami B. N. , Farnsworth Alex , Hutchinson David K. , Arblaster Julie M. , Lunt Daniel J. , Steinig Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe timing and causative factors underlying the Asian summer monsoon initiation remain contentious as recent proxy data and modeling studies suggested the existence of a wet-dry monsoon-like climate from the Cretaceous period. Leveraging an ensemble of deep-time climate simulations focused on the early Eocene (DeepMIP-Eocene), we show that the early Eocene Asian wet season was notably weaker and shorter than present-day in the absence of an elevated heat source like the Tibetan Plateau. The deficient upper-tropospheric meridional temperature gradient was insufficient to propel the seasonal northward migration of the rainband over South Asia. The weaker cross-equatorial moisture flow encountered obstruction of Gangdese mountain along the southern edge of Asia, leading to significant South Asian aridity. The enhanced greenhouse effect was inadequate to augment the seasonal circulation and rainfall variability to current levels. The altered wet and dry seasonality across South Asia during the early Eocene does not meet the criteria to be classified as a monsoon, suggesting that South Asian monsoon initiation is likely contingent upon a specific level of Tibetan Plateau upliftment.
100 years of monitoring in the Swiss National Park reveals overall decreasing rock glacier velocities
Authors: Manchado Alberto Muñoz-Torrero , Allen Simon , Cicoira Alessandro , Wiesmann Samuel , Haller Ruedi , Stoffel Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rock glaciers of the Swiss National Park were the first in the world where in-situ measurements of surface displacement were undertaken, starting with the pioneering work of Chaix in 1918. Our research is focused on the four rock glaciers described by Chaix, bridging the historical data gap that existed between their early 20th-century measurements and the most recent observations. Through the application of photogrammetric techniques, we geomorphologically analyze the spatiotemporal evolution of rock glaciers in the region, and disentangle the interplay with their adjacent glaciers. We show that these rock glaciers are in different phases of degradation with a general trend of deceleration and loss of volume. Our findings reveal historical kinematic changes influenced by the hydrological contributions of adjacent glaciers, which were closely connected since the Little Ice Age but are now severely degraded. The observed hydrological control, suggests that ongoing climate-induced glacier degradation will likely result in a future scenario with limited new accelerations. Instead, a steady water flow from adjacent glaciers may sustain a gradual secondary creep, progressively slowing as permafrost degradation continues, driven by predicted warming and dry climatic conditions in the Alps.
The impacts of decarbonization pathways on Sustainable Development Goals in the European Union
Authors: Moreno Jorge , Campagnolo Lorenza , Boitier Baptiste , Nikas Alexandros , Koasidis Konstantinos , Gambhir Ajay , Gonzalez-Eguino Mikel , Perdana Sigit , Van de Ven Dirk-Jan , Chiodi Alessandro , Delpiazzo Elisa , Doukas Haris , Gargiulo Maurizio , Herbst Andrea , Al-Dabbas Khaled , Alibaş Şirin , Neuner Felix , Le Mouël Pierre , Vielle Marc 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate action to achieve the Paris Agreement should respect the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Here, we use an integrated assessment modelling framework comprising nine climate policy models and quantify the impacts of decarbonisation pathways on Sustainable Development Goals in the European Union at regional and national levels. We show that scenario-consistent assumptions of future socio-economic trends and current climate policies would improve energy- and carbon-related aspects of sustainability and reduce inequalities. Ambitious net-zero emissions pathways would further improve health and agricultural productivity. Furthermore, countries currently lagging in achieving sustainable development goals would see the greatest benefits from ambitious climate action. Negative socio-economic impacts from climate action on poverty, hunger, and economic growth will require specific corrective policies. While our analysis does not quantify the negative effects of less ambitious climate policy, it demonstrates where co-benefits and trade-offs of greenhouse gas mitigation and sustainable development agenda exist and can guide policy formulation.
Lifestyle and demographic associations with 47 inflammatory and vascular stress biomarkers in 9876 blood donors
Authors: Kjerulff Bertram , Dowsett Joseph , Jacobsen Rikke Louise , Gladov Josephine , Larsen Margit Hørup , Lundgaard Agnete Troen , Banasik Karina , Westergaard David , Mikkelsen Susan , Dinh Khoa Manh , Hindhede Lotte , Kaspersen Kathrine Agergård , Schwinn Michael , Juul Anders , Poulsen Betina , Lindegaard Birgitte , Pedersen Carsten Bøcker , Sabel Clive Eric , Bundgaard Henning , Nielsen Henriette Svarre , Møller Janne Amstrup , Boldsen Jens Kjærgaard , Burgdorf Kristoffer Sølvsten , Kessing Lars Vedel , Handgaard Linda Jenny , Thørner Lise Wegner , Didriksen Maria , Nyegaard Mette , Grarup Niels , Ødum Niels , Johansson Pär I. , Jennum Poul , Frikke-Schmidt Ruth , Berger Sanne Schou , Brunak Søren , Jacobsen Søren , Hansen Thomas Folkmann , Lundquist Tine Kirkeskov , Hansen Torben , Sørensen Torben Lykke , Sigsgaard Torben , Nielsen Kaspar René , Bruun Mie Topholm , Hjalgrim Henrik , Ullum Henrik , Rostgaard Klaus , Sørensen Erik , Pedersen Ole Birger , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Erikstrup Christian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The emerging use of biomarkers in research and tailored care introduces a need for information about the association between biomarkers and basic demographics and lifestyle factors revealing expectable concentrations in healthy individuals while considering general demographic differences.

Methods
A selection of 47 biomarkers, including markers of inflammation and vascular stress, were measured in plasma samples from 9876 Danish Blood Donor Study participants. Using regression models, we examined the association between biomarkers and sex, age, Body Mass Index (BMI), and smoking.

Results
Here we show that concentrations of inflammation and vascular stress biomarkers generally increase with higher age, BMI, and smoking. Sex-specific effects are observed for multiple biomarkers.

Conclusion
This study provides comprehensive information on concentrations of 47 plasma biomarkers in healthy individuals. The study emphasizes that knowledge about biomarker concentrations in healthy individuals is critical for improved understanding of disease pathology and for tailored care and decision support tools.
In-sensor human gait analysis with machine learning in a wearable microfabricated accelerometer
Authors: Dion Guillaume , Tessier-Poirier Albert , Chiasson-Poirier Laurent , Morissette Jean-François , Brassard Guillaume , Haman Anthony , Turcot Katia , Sylvestre Julien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn-sensor computing could become a fundamentally new approach to the deployment of machine learning in small devices that must operate securely with limited energy resources, such as wearable medical devices and devices for the Internet of Things. Progress in this field has been slowed by the difficulty to find appropriate computing devices that operate using physical degrees of freedom that can be coupled directly to degrees of freedom that perform sensing. Here we leverage reservoir computing as a natural framework to do machine learning with the degrees of freedom of a physical system, to show that a micro-electromechanical system can implement computing and the sensing of accelerations by coupling the displacement of suspended microstructures. We present a complete wearable system that can be attached to the foot to identify the gait patterns of human subjects in real-time. The computing efficiency and the power consumption of this in-sensor computing system is then compared to a conventional system with a separate sensor and digital computer. For similar computing capabilities, a much better power efficiency can be expected for the highly-integrated in-sensor computing devices, thus providing a path for the ubiquitous deployment of machine learning in edge computing devices.
Multidrug efflux in Gram-negative bacteria: structural modifications in active compounds leading to efflux pump avoidance
Authors: Gurvic Dominik , Zachariae Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGram-negative bacteria cause the majority of critically drug-resistant infections, necessitating the rapid development of new drugs with Gram-negative activity. However, drug design is hampered by the low permeability of the Gram-negative cell envelope and the function of drug efflux pumps, which extrude foreign molecules from the cell. A better understanding of the molecular determinants of compound recognition by efflux pumps is, therefore, essential. Here, we quantitatively analysed the activity of 73,737 compounds, recorded in the publicly accessible database CO-ADD, across three strains of E. coli – the wild-type, the efflux-deficient tolC variant, and the hyper-permeable lpxC variant, to elucidate the molecular principles of evading efflux pumps. We computationally investigated molecular features within this dataset that promote, or reduce, the propensity of being recognised by the TolC-dependent efflux systems in E. coli. Our results show that, alongside a range of physicochemical features, the presence or absence of specific chemical groups in the compounds substantially increases the probability of avoiding efflux. A comparison of our findings with inward permeability data further underscores the primary role of efflux in determining drug bioactivity in Gram-negative bacteria.
Sequence optimisation for compressed sensing CDMA MIMO radar via mutual coherence minimisation
Authors: Nagesh Saravanan , González‐Huici María A. , Bathelt Andreas , Heredia Conde Miguel , Ender Joachim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe authors focus on the waveform design for Code Division Multiple Access Multiple Input Multiple Output (CDMA‐MIMO) radar systems, with a specific emphasis on Compressed Sensing (CS) based target estimation. The selection of an appropriate waveform is a critical determinant in the effectiveness of estimation algorithms. Recent studies show the possibilities of optimising waveform parameters to improve the efficiency of CS based estimation. The authors introduce an optimisation framework designed to modify the phase components of code sequences used in CS‐CDMA MIMO radar systems. The objective of this optimisation is to minimise the l∞ norm of off‐diagonal elements within the Gramian matrix of the underlying sensing matrix, focusing on phase modulation of the waveform. Solving this optimisation problem requires dealing with a non‐convex, combinatorial and non‐linear scenario. Simulated Annealing is employed as the solution technique. To assess the effectiveness of the proposed optimisation approach, the resulting optimised sequence is rigorously compared against well‐established Hadamard and Gold sequences across various performance metrics. These metrics encompass correlation properties, ambiguity function behaviour, recovery percentage and recovery error. The study demonstrates that the generated poly‐phase sequences outperform existing sequences, leading to significantly improved target reconstruction results in the context of CDMA‐MIMO radar systems with CS‐based estimation.
Die Bedeutung der Chronischen Fatigue in der Post-COVID-Sprechstunde
und ihre Konsequenzen für die ambulante Rehabilitation im Kontext der
gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung
Authors: Dalichau Stefan , Kordy Henrike , Klüver Janna , Brinkmeier Wibke , Rathmann Nadine , Yorke Lacy , Kleefmann Jesko , Möller Torsten 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Ziel Die Post-COVID-Sprechstunde (PCS) wird im Rahmen eines umfassenden
Behandlungsangebotes der gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung für
Post-COVID-Patient*innen durchgeführt, um individuelle Empfehlungen für die
weitere Versorgung festzulegen. Ziel der Untersuchung war die Erfassung der
Hauptsymptome sowie die damit verbundenen Einschränkungen der sozialen und
beruflichen Teilhabe, um Konsequenzen für die ambulante Rehabilitation
abzuleiten.
Methodik Neben einer ärztlichen Untersuchung sowie einem psychologischen
Konsil wurden zahlreiche Assessments zur Evaluation des biopsychosozialen
Gesundheitszustands durchgeführt. 373 weibliche (82,2%) und 81 männliche
Patient*innen im Alter zwischen 40 und 60 Jahren aus den Berufen der
Gesundheits- und Pflegedienste, der Erziehung und Pädagogik nahmen seit April
2021 an der PCS teil.
Ergebnisse Nahezu alle untersuchten Patient*innen (98,2%) gaben Fatigue
als Kardinalsymptom ihrer Post-COVID-Beschwerden an, in über 73% der Fälle in
Kombination mit subjektiv erlebten Einschränkungen der Hirnleistungsfähigkeit.
Die Dauer der Symptomatik persistierte dabei sowohl bei den weiblichen als auch
männlichen Versicherten durchschnittlich seit 14–15 Monaten. Somit sind über 85%
der Gesamtstichprobe als Fälle chronischer Erschöpfung (Fatigue Skala)
einzustufen. Die Schwere der Fatigue beeinflusst zudem proportional die
Lebensqualität (SF-36), Gefühle von Angst und Depression (HADS), die psychische
Widerstandskraft (RS-13) sowie motorische Parameter wie die maximale Greifkraft
und die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit. 54,3% der Versicherten erhielten zudem eine
psychische Verdachtsdiagnose und 38,1% die Empfehlung zu einer weiterführenden
neuropsychologischen Diagnostik.
Schlussfolgerung Zur weiteren Behandlung des Leitsymptoms der chronischen
Fatigue ist eine multimodale und interdisziplinäre ambulante Rehabilitation zu
empfehlen, die sich an der Behandlung der Diagnose des Chronischen
Fatiguesyndroms (ME/CFS) und somit insbesondere an einem psychoedukativen und
weniger an einem kurativen Therapieansatz orientieren und Nachsorgestrategien
berücksichtigen sollte. Gesicherte psychische Störungen und neuropsychologische
Defizite sind begleitend zu behandeln.
A conceptual review of the higher education system based on open innovation (OI) perspectives
Authors: Mochnacs Amalia-Elena , Pirciog Speranta , Sigurjonsson Throstur Olaf , Grigorescu Adriana 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe open innovation paradigm has evolved from its incipient form, namely Schumpeter’s new production function from 1912, to the current context of a global network of societies, including virtual communities that produce innovative ideas and industry applications through knowledge transfer. The role of industry-university cooperation and networks is widely recognized within the current academic approach. However, the context of higher education, its characteristics, and business application are not thoroughly explained from the Open Innovation (OI) perspective. The debate and further understanding of OI, industry-university cooperation, and the accurate application of academic knowledge to the business world and society are academics’ main concerns nowadays, our research being a beginning step. The research objective is to present the evolution of the innovation concept from the higher education perspective through a qualitative review of existing studies. The contribution of this paper is linked to the proposed higher education service life cycle framework for academics based on the current needs for innovation, accessibility, and global integration.
Evaluating financial fragility: a case study of Chinese banking and finance systems
Authors: Shang Li , Zhou Biao , Li Jiannan , Tang Decai , Boamah Valentina , Pan Zhiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal financial systems are inherently fragile due to their complexities. Thus, it is of great interest to devise various methods to assess the dynamics of financial fragility. As such, this study builds a financial fragility evaluation index system. The study finds three major fluctuations in the trend of financial fragility due to the great recession in 2008, the huge financial volatility in 2015, and the COVID-19 pandemic in 2019. It also tests the index system on the Chinese finance market from 2007 to 2022. Observations of capital adequacy, non-performing loans, and liquidity ratios, in addition to the average return on total assets, are used to assess banking fragility. The results attained show that amongst the tested banks, the Bank of Ningbo has the lowest vulnerability score, mainly due to its higher average return on total assets, capital adequacy ratios, and lower non-performing loan ratio. On the other end of the spectrum, China Minsheng Bank has the highest vulnerability score due to its lower capital adequacy and higher non-performing loan ratios. These findings provide valuable insights into the banking sector in China for policy formulation.
Formation of diffuse and spark discharges between two needle electrodes with the scattering of particles
Authors: TARASENKO Victor F , BELOPLOTOV Dmitry V , PANCHENKO Alexei N , SOROKIN Dmitry A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The development of a nanosecond discharge in a pin-to-pin gap filled with air at atmospheric pressure has been studied with high temporal and spatial resolutions from a breakdown start to the spark decay. Positive and negative nanosecond voltage pulses with an amplitude of tens of kilovolts were applied. Time-resolved images of the discharge development were taken with a four-channel Intensified Charge Coupled Device (ICCD) camera. The minimum delay between the camera channels could be as short as ≈ 0.1 ns. This made it possible to study the gap breakdown process with subnanosecond resolution. It was observed that a wide-diameter streamer develops from the high-voltage pointed electrode. The ionization processes near the grounded pin electrode started when the streamer crossed half of the gap. After bridging the gap by the streamer, a diffuse discharge was formed. The development of spark leaders from bright spots on the surface of the pointed electrodes was observed at the next stage. It was found that the rate of development of the spark leader is an order of magnitude lower than that of the wide-diameter streamer. Long thin luminous tracks were observed against the background of a discharge plasma glow. It has been established that the tracks are adjacent to brightly glowing spots on the electrodes and are associated with the flight of small particles.