bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aligning benefits with payments: A test of the pattern alignment hypothesis
Authors: Auh Seigyoung , Shih Eric , Yoon Yeosun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article examines consumer perception of transactions whose benefits of consumption and cost of purchase unfold over time. Specifically, the article employs the notion of narrow framing to suggest that, when consumers confront a series of decisions, they tend to make evaluations one at a time, rather than take into consideration the entire portfolio. Consistent with this argument, the authors test the pattern alignment hypothesis, which states that consumers prefer payment schemes that match the pattern of benefits and payments in each period, rather than a scheme that encompasses an entire financing period. In two experiments, the authors find general support for the pattern alignment hypothesis and for the underlying process by which this hypothesis occurs. Specifically, Experiment 2 highlights the mediating role of consumers' perceived fairness in determining the effectiveness of a financing program. The paper concludes with a discussion of the theoretical and practical implications of developing financing and pricing strategies that promote the perception of fairness.
When does negative brand publicity hurt? The moderating influence of analytic versus holistic thinking
Authors: Monga Alokparna Basu , John Deborah Roedder 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNegative publicity can diminish positive consumer perceptions of a brand. We explore the impact of processing style on mitigating the effects of negative publicity. We hypothesize that holistic thinkers are less susceptible to negative publicity information than are analytic thinkers. Holistic thinkers are more likely to consider external context‐based explanations for the negative publicity, resulting in little or no revision of beliefs about the parent brand. Analytic thinkers, in contrast, are less likely to consider contextual factors, attributing negative information to the parent brand and updating their brand beliefs accordingly. Across three studies, we find support for our predictions.
Operational hedging against adverse circumstances⋆
Authors: Weiss Dan , Maher Michael W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates operational hedging against severe disruptions to normal operations. It offers a new method to evaluate the extent that operations policy serves as a hedge against adverse circumstances. We apply the proposed method to explore how supply chain characteristics affect the responses of airlines to the acute demand fall off after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Results indicate that operational hedging vehicles (fleet standardization, high‐fleet utilization, an aircraft ownership policy rather than leasing, and international operations) are more powerful in protecting firms than using financial instruments. The study contributes in guiding managers as to how operations policy can serve as an imperative factor in mitigating exposures to low‐end performance levels.
The relative utility of foraminifera and diatoms for reconstructing late Holocene sea-level change in North Carolina, USA
Authors: Kemp Andrew C. , Horton Benjamin P. , Corbett D. Reide , Culver Stephen J. , Edwards Robin J. , van de Plassche Orson 
Published: November 2008

AbstractForaminifera and diatoms preserved in salt-marsh sediments have been used to produce high-resolution records of Holocene relative sea-level (RSL) change. To determine which of these microfossil groups is most appropriate for this purpose we investigated their relative utility from salt marshes in North Carolina, USA. Regional-scale transfer functions were developed using foraminifera, diatoms and a combination of both (multi-proxy) from three salt marshes (Oregon Inlet, Currituck Barrier Island and Pea Island). We evaluated each approach on the basis of transfer-function performance. Foraminifera, diatoms and multi-proxy-based transfer functions all demonstrated a strong relationship between observed and predicted elevations (r2jack > 0.74 and RMSEP < 0.05 m), suggesting that they have equal utility. Application of the transfer functions to a fossil core from Salvo to reconstruct former sea levels enabled us to consider relative utility in light of ‘paleo-performance’. Fossil foraminifera had strong modern analogues, whilst diatoms had poor modern analogues making them unreliable. This result reflects the high diversity and site-specific distribution of modern diatoms. Consequently, we used foraminifera to reconstruct RSL change for the period since ∼ AD 1800 using a 210Pb- and 14C-based chronology, and we were able to reconcile this with tide-gauge records.
ON REPRESENTATIONS OF QUANTUM GROUPSUq(fm(K,H))
Authors: TANG XIN , XU YUNGE 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe construct families of irreducible representations for a class of quantum groupsUq(fm(K,H). First, we realize these quantum groups as hyperbolic algebras. Such a realization yields natural families of irreducible weight representations forUq(fm(K,H)). Second, we study the relationship betweenUq(fm(K,H)) andUq(fm(K)). As a result, any finite-dimensional weight representation ofUq(fm(K,H)) is proved to be completely reducible. Finally, we study the Whittaker model for the center ofUq(fm(K,H)), and a classification of all irreducible Whittaker representations ofUq(fm(K,H)) is obtained.
Inequalities for Positive Series
Authors: Walsh C. E. 
Published: October 2008

Let f(x) ≡ (1 – x)b + b ab-1 xø (x) ≡ xc – c Βc-1 xwhere b ≧ 1, c ≧ 1, 0 ≦ α ≦ 1, 0 ≦ β ≦ 1, and x is assumed to lie in the range (0, 1). By differentiation, or otherwise, it is easily shewn that f(x) and ø (x) have minima when x = 1 – α and when x = β, respectively. Hence(1 – x)b + ab-1 x ≧ b ab-1 + (1 – b) abxc βc-1 x ≧ (1 – c)βc.
Inequalities for solutions of linear differential equations a contribution to the theory of servomechanisms
Authors: Bückner Hans 
Published: October 2008

Consider the nth order differential equationwhere the coefficients cv are real constants and f is a real function continuous in the interval a≦ x ≦ b. The following theorem will be proved in §4:If the characteristic equation of (I) has no purely imaginary roots, then a particular integral η (x) can always be found which satisfies the inequalitywhere C is a certain function of the cv only and M is the maximum of |f|. In particular we may take C = 1 if all roots of the characteristic equation are real.
Attachment behavior of infants exposed prenatally to alcohol: Mediating effects of infant affect and mother-infant interaction
Authors: O'Connor Mary J. , Sigman Marian , Kasari Connie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractChildren exposed to alcohol prenatally have been found to be at risk for developmental and behavioral problems; however, the relation between maternal alcohol consumption and other environmental factors has not been fully explored in the literature. In this study, subjects were 44 firstborn infants of women over 30 years of age. Structural equation modeling was used to test the hypothesis that maternal alcohol use during pregnancy was related to infant negative affect. Furthermore, negative affect was assumed to influence the mother-infant relationship. It was hypothesized that mothers of infants exhibiting negative affect would be less positive in interaction and that insecure infant attachment behavior would be more prevalent in these infants. Results of model testing confirmed the hypothesis. In addition, maternal alcohol consumption following pregnancy was not found to influence significantly either maternal interaction or infant attachment behavior.
Recurrent affective disorder: Roots in developmental neurobiology and illness progression based on changes in gene expression
Authors: Post Robert M. , Weiss Susan R. B. , Leverich Gabriele S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractElectrophysiological kindling and behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants and stress provide paradigms for understanding how repeated acute events can leave neurobiological residues in gene expression, accounting for the observed long-lasting alterations in behavioral responsivity. Kindling helps conceptualize how repeated electrical stimulation of the brain can progressively evoke increased behavioral and convulsive responsivity, leading to spontaneous seizures in the absence of exogenous stimulation following sufficient stimulations. As kindling unfolds, a complex spatiotemporal cascade of events occurs and includes the induction of immediate early genes (e.g.,c-fos) and late effector genes (including peptides and growth factors) possibly associated with the observed changes in brain microstructure (e.g., synapse formation, axonal and dendritic sprouting, apoptosis). Behavioral sensitization to psychomotor stimulants and stress has also been shown to induce related but different cascades of effects on immediate early and late effector gene expression. These may be associated with the observed long-lasting alterations in behavioral responsivity based on prior experience. If these types of alterations are put into a developmental context, this would provide a paradigm for understanding how early life events could exert profound and behaviorally relevant biochemical and microstructural effects on the central nervous system of the developing organism. The conceptual overview offered by the sensitization and kindling models suggests that environmentally triggered neurobiological processes do not form a single or static residue but, instead, engage processes related to developmental neurobiology and learning and memory and whose substrate is constantly evolving over an organism's lifetime.
Open Field or Enclosure? Peasants, Planters’ Agents and Lawyers in Jamaica, 1866–1875
Authors: Stevenson Simon 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe fencing of boundaries so as to confine or exclude cattle was a major preoccupation in the most densely populated parishes of Jamaica in the mid nineteenth century. Part-time labourers (who constituted a new semi-peasantry) were being settled on the fringes of the old estates in increasing numbers, having been granted licenses or pretended leases for land on which they grew their crops. The same ‘attorneys’ who managed the older declining plantations where such squatting was arranged also tended to be introducing cattle in place of sugar and they wished to shift the costs of fencing onto their small ‘peasant’ occupiers. However, English law, which imposed an obligation to fence in cattle, initially assisted the peasantry. The attorneys therefore looked to New World models that would require those growing crops to fence out animals. This article examines actions in court and the agitation in more detail so as to suggest that fencing was a major source of inter-racial friction in the period before and after the Morant Bay rebellion, but with the outcome strongly favouring a late-century resurgence in the plantation economy.
FGF signalling modulates transcriptional repression by Xenopus groucho‐related‐4
Authors: Burks Patrick J. , Isaacs Harry V. , Pownall Mary E. 
Published: November 2008

Background information. Developmental cell signals co‐operate in the processes of cell specification and tissue patterning during embryogenesis. Interactions between the FGF (fibroblast growth factor) and Wnt signalling pathways have been demonstrated in a number of developmental processes, including mesoderm formation in amphibian embryos. However, the mechanism underlying the interactions between these key signalling pathways remains unclear.Results. In the present study, we find that the ability of TLE4/Xgrg4 (transducin‐like enhancer of split 4/Xenopus groucho‐related gene 4) to inhibit a transcriptional target of canonical Wnt signalling is reduced in the presence of FGF and that this is partially dependent on a consensus site for MAPK (mitogen‐activated protein kinase) phosphorylation in TLE4/Xgrg4.Conclusions. These data suggest to us a novel molecular mechanism where FGF and Wnt signalling pathways interact at the level of the co‐repressor TLE4/Xgrg4: the weakening of TLE4/Xgrg4 repression by FGF signalling, combined with the stabilization of β‐catenin by Wnt signals, enhances expression of Wnt target genes.
Tryptophan degradation in multiple trauma patients: survivors compared with non-survivors
Authors: Ploder Martin , Spittler Andreas , Schroecksnadel Katharina , Neurauter Gabriele , Pelinka Linda E. , Roth Erich , Fuchs Dietmar 
Published: November 2008

Immune dysfunction in trauma patients is associated with immune system activation and inflammation. The cytokine-inducible enzyme IDO (indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase) initiates the degradation of the essential aromatic amino acid tryptophan via the kynurenine pathway and could contribute to deficient immune responsiveness. Activated IDO is indicated by an increased kyn/trp (kynurenine/tryptophan) ratio. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether tryptophan degradation is associated with outcome in patients post-trauma. Tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations were measured by HPLC in serum specimens of 15 patients post-trauma during 12–14 days of follow-up. Up to five samples within this observation period from each patient were included in this analysis, and a total a 69 samples were available. For further comparisons, concentrations of the immune activation marker neopterin were measured. Compared with healthy controls, the average kyn/trp ratio and kynurenine concentrations were increased in patients, whereas tryptophan concentrations were decreased. During follow-up, increased kyn/trp ratio and kynurenine concentrations (all P&lt;0.001) were observed, whereas the changes in tryptophan concentrations were not significant. Non-survivors had higher kyn/trp ratios and kynurenine concentrations compared with survivors. The kyn/trp ratio correlated with neopterin concentrations (rs=0.590, P&lt;0.001). In conclusion, these results imply that increased tryptophan degradation in patients is due to activated IDO, which most probably is a consequence of a host defence response. These findings support a possible role for IDO in the development of immunodeficiency and death in patients.
Modulation of Frontal Lobe Speech Areas Associated With the Production and Perception of Speech Movements
Authors: Fridriksson Julius , Moser Dana , Ryalls Jack , Bonilha Leonardo , Rorden Chris , Baylis Gordon 
Published: November 2008

Purpose
It is unclear whether the production and perception of speech movements are subserved by the same brain networks. The purpose of this study was to investigate neural recruitment in cortical areas commonly associated with speech production during the production and visual perception of speech.

Method
This study utilized functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to assess brain function while participants either imitated or observed speech movements.

Results
A common neural network was recruited by both tasks. The greatest frontal lobe activity in Broca’s area was triggered not only when producing speech but also when watching speech movements. Relatively less activity was observed in the left anterior insula during both tasks.

Conclusion
These results support the emerging view that cortical areas involved in the execution of speech movements are also recruited in the perception of the same movements in other speakers.
Identifying Prosodic Contrasts in Utterances Produced by 4-, 7-, and 11-Year-Old Children
Authors: Patel Rupal , Brayton Julie T. 
Published: November 2008

PurposeAcquisition of prosodic control appears to evolve across development with younger children relying on durational cues and older children utilizing a broader spectrum of cues including fundamental frequency, intensity, and duration. This study aimed to determine whether unfamiliar listeners could identify prosodic contrasts produced by 4-, 7-, and 11-year-olds despite differences in acoustic cues used by each age group.MethodThirty-six adult monolingual speakers of American English participated as listeners. A previous study yielded speech recordings from 12 children (2 male, 2 female from each age group) producing 2 linguistic contrasts, question–statement and contrastive stress, which served as listening stimuli.ResultsIn both tasks, listener accuracy ranged from 39.7% to 100% with significant differences between 4-year-olds and both older age groups. Listeners had difficulty deciphering the 4-year-olds' questions compared with statements and were more accurate in identifying contrastive stress placed on sentence-initial words compared with sentence-final words across all age groups.ConclusionAlthough listeners identified prosodic contrasts produced by all 3 age groups, accuracy was significantly higher for 7- and 11-year-old productions. Findings are consistent with production studies that suggest relative stabilization of prosodic control between ages 4 and 7. Parallels between prosodic and segmental acquisition are discussed.
Voice Onset Time Characteristics of Esophageal, Tracheoesophageal, and Laryngeal Speech of Cantonese
Authors: Ng Manwa L. , Wong Juliana 
Published: November 2008

Purpose
To investigate the ability of standard esophageal (SE) and tracheoesophageal (TE) speakers of Cantonese to differentiate between aspirated and unaspirated stops produced at 3 places of articulation were investigated.

Method

Six Cantonese stops, /p, t, k, p
h
, t
h
, k
h
/, followed by the vowel /a/ produced by 10 SE, TE, and normal laryngeal (NL) speakers were examined through perceptual tasks and voice onset time (VOT) analysis.

Results
Perceptual experiments showed lower accuracy of identification of stops produced by SE and TE than by NL speakers, with mostly misidentification of aspirated stops as their unaspirated counterparts. Acoustic analysis revealed that aspirated stops produced by NL, SE, and TE speakers were associated with significantly longer VOT values than their unaspirated counterparts. Unaspirated velar stops showed significantly longer VOT than bilabial and alveolar stops in NL and SE speech. SE and TE speakers were still able to use VOT to signal aspiration contrast, but TE was unable to differentiate among different places of articulation.
Effects of Loud and Amplified Speech on Sentence and Word Intelligibility in Parkinson Disease
Authors: Neel Amy T. 
Published: November 2008

Purpose
In the two experiments in this study, the author examined the effects of increased vocal effort (loud speech) and amplification on sentence and word intelligibility in speakers with Parkinson disease (PD).

Methods
Five talkers with PD produced sentences and words at habitual levels of effort and using loud speech techniques. Amplified sets of sentences and words were created by increasing the intensity of habitual stimuli to the level of loud stimuli. Listeners rated the intelligibility of the 3 sets of sentences on a 1–7 scale and transcribed the 3 sets of words.

Results
Both loud speech and amplification significantly improved intelligibility for sentences and words. Loud speech resulted in greater intelligibility improvement than amplification.

Conclusions

By comparing loud and amplified scores, about one third to one half of intelligibility improvement with loud speech could be attributed to increases in audibility or signal-to-noise ratio. Thus, factors other than increased intensity must be partly responsible for the loud speech benefit. Changes in articulation appear to play a relatively small role: Initial /h/ was the only consonant to consistently show improvement with loud speech. Phonatory changes such as improvements in F
0
and spectral tilt may account for improved speech intelligibility using loud speech techniques.
PConPy—a Python module for generating 2D protein maps
Authors: Ho Hui Kian , Kuiper Michael J. , Kotagiri Ramamohanarao 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Summary: PConPy is an open-source Python module for generating protein contact maps, distance maps and hydrogen bond plots. These maps can be generated in a number of publication-quality vector and raster image formats. Contact maps can be annotated with secondary structure and hydrogen bond assignments. PConPy offers a more flexible choice of contact definition parameters than existing toolkits, most notably a greater choice of inter-residue distance metrics. PConPy can be used as a stand-alone application or imported into existing source code. A web-interface to PConPy is also available for use.
Availability: The PConPy web-interface and source code can be accessed from its website at http://www.csse.unimelb.edu.au/~hohkhkh1/pconpy/.
Contact: hohkhkh1@csse.unimelb.edu.au
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Stochastic modelling of genotypic drug-resistance for human immunodeficiency virus towards long-term combination therapy optimization
Authors: Prosperi Mattia C. F. , D'Autilia Roberto , Incardona Francesca , De Luca Andrea , Zazzi Maurizio , Ulivi Giovanni 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMotivation: Several mathematical models have been investigated for the description of viral dynamics in the human body: HIV-1 infection is a particular and interesting scenario, because the virus attacks cells of the immune system that have a role in the antibody production and its high mutation rate permits to escape both the immune response and, in some cases, the drug pressure. The viral genetic evolution is intrinsically a stochastic process, eventually driven by the drug pressure, dependent on the drug combinations and concentration: in this article the viral genotypic drug resistance onset is the main focus addressed. The theoretical basis is the modelling of HIV-1 population dynamics as a predator–prey system of differential equations with a time-dependent therapy efficacy term, while the viral genome mutation evolution follows a Poisson distribution. The instant probabilities of drug resistance are estimated by means of functions trained from in vitro phenotypes, with a roulette-wheel-based mechanisms of resistant selection. Simulations have been designed for treatments made of one and two drugs as well as for combination antiretroviral therapies. The effect of limited adherence to therapy was also analyzed. Sequential treatment change episodes were also exploited with the aim to evaluate optimal synoptic treatment scenarios.Results: The stochastic predator–prey modelling usefully predicted long-term virologic outcomes of evolved HIV-1 strains for selected antiretroviral therapy combinations. For a set of widely used combination therapies, results were consistent with findings reported in literature and with estimates coming from analysis on a large retrospective data base (EuResist).Contact: prosperi@dia.uniroma3.itSupplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.