bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of the freehand pass technique for ventriculostomy catheter placement: retrospective assessment using computed tomography scans
Authors: Huyette David R. , Turnbow Benjamin J. , Kaufman Christian , Vaslow Dale F. , Whiting Benjamin B. , Oh Michael Y. 
Published: January 2008

Object
The standard method of ventriculostomy catheter placement is a freehand pass technique using surface anatomical landmarks. This study was undertaken to determine the accuracy of successful ventriculostomy procedures performed at a single institution's intensive care unit (ICU). The authors hypothesized that use of surface anatomical landmarks alone with successful results frequently do not correlate with desirable catheter tip placement.

Methods
Retrospective evaluation was performed on the head computed tomography (CT) scans of 97 patients who underwent 98 freehand pass ventriculostomy catheter placements in an ICU setting. Using the postprocedure CT scans of the patients, 3D measurements were made to calculate the accuracy of ventriculostomy catheter placement.

Results
The mean distance (± standard deviation [SD]) from the catheter tip to the Monro foramen was 16 ± 9.6 mm. The mean distance (± SD) from the catheter tip to the center of the bur hole was 87.4 ± 14.0 mm. Regarding accurate catheter tip placement, 56.1% of the catheter tips were in the ipsilateral lateral ventricle, 7.1% were in the contralateral lateral ventricle, 8.2% were in the third ventricle, 6.1% were within the interhemispheric fissure, and 22.4% were within extraventricular spaces.

Conclusions
The accuracy of freehand ventriculostomy catheterization at the authors' institution typically required 2 passes per successful placement, and, when successful, was 1.6 cm from the Monro foramen. More importantly, 22.4% of these catheter tips were in nonventricular spaces. Although many neurosurgeons believe that the current practice of ventriculostomy is good enough, the results of this study show that there is certainly much room for improvement.
What are the implications in individuals with unilateral vestibular schwannoma and other neurogenic tumors?
Authors: Evans D. Gareth R. , Ramsden Richard T. , Shenton Andrew , Gokhale Carolyn , Bowers Naomi , Huson Susan M. , Wallace Andrew J. 
Published: January 2008

Object
Individuals who develop a unilateral vestibular schwannoma (VS) and other neurogenic tumors are at high risk of having the inherited condition neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). The risk of bilateral disease and transmission risk to offspring are important in surgical planning and counseling. The authors have attempted to resolve these risks.

Methods
A large NF2 dataset was interrogated for individuals who had initially presented with a unilateral VS and other tumors before developing bilateral disease, to assess the contralateral and offspring risks.

Results
Ninety-six patients with a unilateral VS and additional neurogenic tumors had a bilaterality rate of 48% at 20 years in those initially diagnosed when > 18 years of age and 82% if presenting earlier. Constitutional NF2 mutations were found in blood in 25 (27%) of 92, but 13 (76%) of 17 patients presenting with unilateral VS at ≤ 18 years of age. Tumor analysis suggests that the vast majority of the remainder are mosaic for an NF2 mutation.

Conclusions
Patients with unilateral VS and other NF2-related tumors who fulfill Manchester criteria have a high risk of developing a contralateral tumor, especially if presenting in childhood. Transmission risks are reduced for offspring, particularly in the older patients who are likely to be mosaic.
Cerebellar abscesses in children: excision or aspiration?
Authors: Pandey Paritosh , Umesh Srikantha , Bhat Dhananjaya , Srinivas Dwarakanath , Abraham Rojin , Pillai Shibu , Balasubramaniam Anandh , Devi Indira , Sampath Sommanna , Chandramouli Bengaluru A. 
Published: January 2008

Object
Cerebellar abscesses are common neurosurgical emergencies in developing countries, and have a distressingly high mortality rate of 10 to 15% even today. There is still no consensus on the standard approach to these lesions, and controversy persists over whether these lesions should be treated with primary excision or aspiration.

Methods
The authors retrospectively analyzed 82 cases of cerebellar pyogenic abscesses in children treated at their institution over a period of 10 years. This represents the largest such series being described in literature. All lesions except 1 were otogenic in origin. The clinical and radiological features are discussed.

Results
Primary excision was undertaken in 66 patients (80%) and aspiration in 16 patients (20%). Five patients in whom the abscesses were initially treated with aspiration subsequently underwent elective excision. Nine (12.6%) of 71 patients in whom the abscesses were excised had residual abscesses on postoperative imaging; in those who had undergone aspiration as the primary treatment, 6 (54.5%) of 11 patients had recurrent abscesses. There were no deaths among the patients who underwent excision of the abscess. Also, excision of posterior fossa abscesses required fewer repeated procedures with lower recurrence rates, and statistically lower rate of complications.

Conclusions
Compared to primary aspiration, the authors found that primary excision is the preferred method for treating cerebellar abscesses.
Resection of intramedullary spinal cord tumors in children: assessment of long-term motor and sensory deficits
Authors: McGirt Matthew J. , Chaichana Kaisorn L. , Atiba April , Attenello Frank , Yao Kevin C. , Jallo George I. 
Published: January 2008

Object
With modern surgical advances, radical resection of pediatric intramedullary spinal cord tumors (IMSCTs) can be expected to preserve long-term neurological function. Nevertheless, postoperative neurological decline is not uncommon after surgery, and many patients continue to experience long-term dysesthetic symptoms. Preoperative predictors of postoperative neurological decline and sensory syndromes have not been investigated and may serve as a guide for surgical risk stratification.

Methods
Neurological function (as determined using the modified McCormick Scale [mMS]) preoperatively, postoperatively, and 3 months after surgery was retrospectively recorded from patient charts in 164 consecutive patients undergoing resection of IMSCTs. A median 4 years (interquartile range [IQR] 1–8 years) after surgery, long-term motor and sensory symptoms were assessed by telephone interviews and corroborated by subsequent medical visits in 120 available patients. This long-term assessment was retrospectively reviewed for the purposes of this study. The authors reviewed this series to assess long-term motor, sensory, and urinary outcomes and to determine independent risk factors of postoperative neurological decline and long-term sensory dysfunction.

Results
Patients were 8.6 ± 5.7 years old and presented with a median mMS of 2 (IQR 2–4). Three months after surgery, 38 patients (23%) continued to experience decreased neurological function (1 mMS point) incurred perioperatively. Increasing age (p = 0.028), unilateral symptoms (p = 0.046), and urinary dysfunction at presentation (p = 0.004) independently predicted persistent 3-month perioperative decline. At long-term follow-up (median 4 years), 39 (33%) exhibited improvements in their mMS scores, 13 (30%) had improvement in their urinary dysfunction, and 27 (30%) had resolution of their dysesthesias. Seventy-eight patients (65%) experienced long-term dysesthetic symptoms. Increasing age (p = 0.024), preoperative symptom duration > 12 months (p = 0.027), and worsened postoperative mMS score at hospital discharge (p = 0.013) independently increased the risk of long-term dysesthesias.

Conclusions
In the authors' experience, nearly one third of patients may experience improvement in motor, sensory, and urinary dysfunction years after IMSCT resection, whereas the majority will continue to experience long-term dysesthetic symptoms. Improvement in motor deficits preceded improvement in sensory syndromes, and urinary dysfunction typically resolved much longer after surgery. The risk of persistent perioperative motor decline was increased with older age, unilateral symptoms, preoperative urinary symptoms, and less severe preoperative neurological deficit. The risk of long-term dysesthesias was increased with older age, increased duration of symptoms prior to resection, and greater postoperative neurological deficit.
Distribution of in vivo and in vitro range of motion following 1-level arthroplasty with the CHARITÉ artificial disc compared with fusion
Authors: Cunningham Bryan W. , McAfee Paul C. , Geisler Fred H. , Holsapple Gwen , Adams Karen , Blumenthal Scott L. , Guyer Richard D. , Cappuccino Andrew , Regan John J. , Fedder Ira L. , Tortolani P. Justin 
Published: January 2008

Object
One of the goals of lumbar arthroplasty is to restore and maintain range of motion (ROM) and to protect adjacent levels from abnormal motion, which may be a factor in transition syndrome following arthrodesis. In this study, in vitro ROM results were compared with in vivo, 2-year postoperative radiographic ROM evaluations.

Methods
Radiographs of patients enrolled in the CHARITÉ investigational device exemption study were analyzed at baseline and at 2 years postoperatively. The ROM in flexion/extension at the implanted and adjacent levels was measured, normalized, and compared with ROM results obtained using cadaver (in vitro) evaluations.

Results
Preoperative ROM distributions in patients enrolled for arthroplasty or fusion at the L4–5 level was as follows: 28% motion was observed at L3–4, 35% at L4–5 and 37% at L5–S1. Following a one-level arthroplasty at L4–5, the in vivo ROM distribution from L-3 to S-1 at the 2-year time point was 36% at L3–4, 30% at L4–5 and 35% at L5–S1. Following a one-level fusion with BAK and pedicle screws at L4–5, the in vivo ROM distribution from L-3 to S-1 at the 2-year time point was 45% at L3–4, 9% at L4–5 and 46% at L5–S1.

Conclusions
The baseline as well as the 2-year in vivo data confirmed previously published in vitro data. One-level arthroplasty was shown herein to replicate the normal distribution of motion of the intact spine.
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition in the craniovertebral junction
Authors: Fenoy Albert J. , Menezes Arnold H. , Donovan Kathleen A. , Kralik Stephen F. 
Published: January 2008

ObjectCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) deposition is a rare cause of retroodontoid mass lesions in elderly individuals. However, this condition may be severely underdiagnosed if sufficient attention is not paid to imaging characteristics and clinical presentation. The authors sought to evaluate the decision-making process in both the diagnosis and surgical treatment of CPPD.MethodsA retrospective review of University of Iowa medical records and radiographs accumulated between 1977 and 2006 was performed. The inclusion criterion was histopathological findings consistent with pseudogout at the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). Twenty-one patients with a mean age of 70.3 years and a mean symptom duration prior to presentation of 17.5 months were identified and included in this study.ResultsThe patients presented most frequently with occipital and neck pain (85%) and numbness or paresthesias (61%). Lower cranial nerve deficits were seen in 29%. Calcification of the mass or transverse ligament was seen on computed tomography in all included patients. Gross-total resection was achieved in all patients: 19 of 21 patients underwent transoral–transpalatopharyngeal resection, with only 16 requiring concomitant dorsal occipital–cervical fusion. The mean follow-up duration was 15 months. Eighteen patients (86%) had improvement or resolution of symptoms after treatment, and 3 were lost to follow-up.ConclusionsAlthough rare, CPPD deposition at the CVJ should be suspected on finding calcification of and around the transverse ligament on neuroimaging. Transoral–transpalatopharyngeal resection is preferred to halt the progression of neurological deterioration; dorsal fusion is not always mandatory as concomitant ligamentous calcification and atlantoaxial joint ankylosis may provide added stability.
Assessing Sensitivity to Antibacterial Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
Authors: Morgan‐Linnell Sonia K. , Hiasa Hiroshi , Zechiedrich Lynn , Nitiss John L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBoth prokaryotes and eukaryotes have two major classes of topoisomerases that make transient single‐ or double‐strand cuts in DNA. While these enzymes play critical roles in cellular processes, they are also important targets of therapeutic agents. This unit describes assays to use in characterizing topoisomerase II‐targeting agents in vitro and in bacterial cells. It provides protocols for characterizing the action of small molecules against bacterial type II topoisomerases in vitro and the in vivo effects of putative topoisomerase II‐targeting antibiotics, as well as for measuring trapped enzyme/DNA covalent complexes, the major cytotoxic lesion induced by fluoroquinolones. Curr. Protoc. Pharmacol. 39:3.13.1‐3.13.26. © 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Genetic variation of the FMR1 gene among four Mexican populations: Mestizo, Huichol, Purepecha, and Tarahumara
Authors: Barros‐Núñez Patricio , Rosales‐Reynoso Mónica Alejandra , Sandoval Lucila , Romero‐Espinoza Pavel , Troyo‐Sanromán Rogelio , Ibarra Bertha 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFragile X syndrome is the most common cause of inherited mental retardation; it is caused by expansion of CGG repeats in the first exon of the FMR1 gene. The number of CGG repeats varies between 6 and 50 triplets in normal individuals; the most common alleles have 29 or 30 repeats. Allelic patterns in the global populations are similar; however; some reports show statistical differences among several populations. In Mexico, except by a single report on a western Mestizo population, the allelic frequencies of the FMR1 gene are unknown. In this study, we analyze 207, 140, 138, and 40 chromosomes from Mestizos, Tarahumaras, Huichols, and Purepechas respectively. After PCR amplification on DNA modified by sodium bisulfite treatment, molecular analysis of the FMR1 gene showed 30 different alleles among the 525 chromosomes evaluated. Trinucleotide repeat number in the different Mexican populations varied from 15 to 87, with modal numbers of 32 and 30 in Mestizos and Tarahumaras, 29 and 32 in Purepechas and 30 among Huichols. Together, these allelic patterns differ significantly from those reported for Caucasian, Chinese, African, Indonesian, Brazilian, and Chilean populations. The increased number of the unusual allele of 32 repeats observed in the Mexican mestizo population can be explained from its frequency in at least two Mexican native populations. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Electrospinning of degradable elastomeric nanofibers with various morphology and their interaction with human fibroblasts
Authors: Borg Erik , Frenot Audrey , Walkenström Pernilla , Gisselfält Katrin , Gretzer Christina , Gatenholm Paul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractArtelon® (degradable poly(urethane urea) elastomer) was electrospun into scaffolds for tissue engineering. The diameter of the electrospun fibers, studied by scanning electron microscopy, ranged from 100 nm to a few μm, with an average diameter of 750 nm. The molar mass of the polymer had a major influence on the morphology of the scaffold. Furthermore, aging of the polymer solution caused changes in viscosity, as measured by stress sweeps between 13.5–942 Pa that affected the morphology. The electrospun Artelon mats exhibited about the same elongations to break, both exceeding 200%, measured by tensile tests. The degradation study showed similar degradation behavior in electrospun mats and solids. In vitro study showed that human fibroblasts not only adhere to the surface but also migrate, proliferate, and produce components of an extracellular matrix. These results strongly support the use of electrospun Artelon as a scaffold in tissue engineering. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Species‐dependent stereoselective drug binding to albumin: A circular dichroism study
Authors: Pistolozzi Marco , Bertucci Carlo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDrug binding to albumins from different mammalian species was investigated to disclose evidence of species‐dependent stereoselectivity in drug‐binding processes and affinities. This aspect is important for evaluating the reliability of extrapolating distribution data among species. The circular dichroism (CD) signal induced by drug binding to the albumins [human serum albumin (HSA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), rat serum albumin (RSA), and dog serum albumin (DSA)] were measured and analyzed. The binding of selected drugs and metabolites to HSA significantly differed from the binding to the other albumins in terms of affinity and conformation of the bound ligands. In particular, phenylbutazone, a marker of site one on HSA, showed a higher affinity for binding to BSA with respect to RSA, HSA, and DSA, respectively. In the case of diazepam, a marker of site two on HSA, the affinity decreased in order from HSA to DSA, RSA, and BSA. The induced CD spectra were similar in terms of energy and band signs, suggesting almost the same conformation for the bound drug to the different albumins. Stereoselectivity was high for the binding of ketoprofen to HSA and RSA. A different sign was observed for the CD spectra induced by the drug to the two albumins because of the prevalence of a different conformation of the bound drug. Interestingly, the same induced CD spectra were obtained using either the racemic form or the (S)‐enantiomer. Finally, significant differences were observed in the affinity of bilirubin, being highest for BSA, then decreasing for RSA, HSA, and DSA. A more complex conformational equilibrium was observed for bound bilirubin. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Enantioselective HPLC of potentially CNS‐active acidic amino acids with a cinchona carbamate based chiral stationary phase
Authors: Sardella Roccaldo , Lämmerhofer Michael , Natalini Benedetto , Lindner Wolfgang 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA tert‐butylcarbamoylquinine‐based chiral stationary phase (Chiralpak QN‐AX) has been employed for the enantiomer separation of underivatized chiral acidic amino acids, viz. 4‐carboxyphenylalanine (4‐CPHE), 1‐aminoindan‐1,5‐dicarboxylic acid (AIDA), 2‐(5‐carboxy‐3‐methyl‐2‐thienyl)glycine (3‐MATIDA), 2‐(4‐carboxy‐5‐methyl‐2‐thienyl)glycine (5‐MATIDA), and 2‐(2′‐carboxy‐3′‐phenylcyclopropyl)glycine (PCCG). Some of the acidic amino acids have potential activity on the central nervous system and are thus of great interest. A stereoselective HPLC method that allows the baseline resolution of all the five test solutes has been developed. For that purpose the mobile phase composition (pH, organic modifier, and type) and flow rate were optimized. The final method makes use of mild elution conditions, namely methanol – 0.8 M ammonium acetate buffer (97.5:2.5; v/v) pH 5.5 which are also compatible with mass spectrometric detection. Chirality, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroprotection of hypothermia against neuronal death in rat hippocampus through inhibiting the increased assembly of GluR6‐PSD95‐MLK3 signaling module induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion
Authors: Hu Wei‐Wei , Du Yang , Li Chong , Song Yuan‐Jian , Zhang Guang‐Yi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractKainate receptor containing GluR6 subunit (KAR) is involved in the neuronal cell death induced by cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Hypothermia is an effective neuroprotectant in brain ischemia, whereas the neuroprotective mechanisms have not been clearly established. The present study was set out to examine whether hypothermia would cause the alternation of the assembly of the GluR6‐PSD95‐MLK3 signaling module and the activation of c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) pathway through KAR. Hypothermia (32°C) was induced 10 min before ischemia and was maintained for 3 h after ischemia. Our results indicated that hypothermia could inhibit the assembly of GluR6‐PSD95‐MLK3 signaling module and suppressed the activation of MLK3, MKK4/7, and JNK3. The inhibition of JNK3 activation by hypothermia diminished the phosphorylation of the transcription factor c‐Jun and downregulated FasL expression in hippocampal CA1. Meanwhile, the inhibition of JNK3 activation by hypothermia attenuated bax translocation, the release of cytochrome c, and the activation of caspase‐3 in CA1 subfields. Both GluR6 antagonist NS102 and GluR6 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides partly blocked the aforementioned effects of hypothermia, which was further confirmed by histology. Taken together, our results strongly suggest that hypothermia decreased the increased assembly of the GluR6‐PSD95‐MLK3 signaling module and the activation of JNK pathway induced by I/R through KAR, which gave a new insight into the ischemic therapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Atoms‐in‐molecules analysis for planewave DFT calculations—A numerical approach on a successively interpolated charge density grid
Authors: Yim Wai‐Leung , Klüner Thorsten 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe used a successive charge interpolation scheme and Ridders method for differentiation, to acquire accurate charge densities and their higher derivatives in electronic structure calculations. This enables us to search bond critical points using arbitrary charge density grids. We applied the planewave‐DFT code, VASP, to generate the charge density of selected benchmark molecules. The properties of bond critical points are in good agreement with those obtained by complementary implementations. We validated our GRID implementation by performing electronic structure calculations using the Gaussian 03 program package and various tools for analysis of the charge density provided by the AIMPAC package. In particular, we carefully investigate the influence of effective core potentials on the location of bond critical points, especially for a short chemical bond, which is crucial in the present pseudopotential‐based planewave DFT calculations. We expect our generic implementation will not only be useful for the analysis of chemical bonding in molecules, but will particularly provide a microscopic understanding of extended systems including periodic boundary conditions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Gender and local floodplain management institutions: a case study from Bangladesh
Authors: Sultana Parvin , Thompson Paul 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFloodplain wetlands are the major common pool natural resources in Bangladesh. Men do most of the fishing, but women collect aquatic plants and snails. A women‐only, a men‐only, and a mixed community based organisation (CBO) are compared, each of which manages a seasonal wetland. The CBOs involving women are in Hindu communities where more women use aquatic resources and belong to other local institutions. In the oldest of these CBOs, women have gradually increased their role as community recognition of their success has grown. In the Muslim community few women collect aquatic resources, and they have no role in the CBO. Community compliance was higher where both men and women played an active role in the process. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.