bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of chromatin‐remodeling factor PKL in balancing osmotic stress responses during Arabidopsis seed germination
Authors: Perruc Elian , Kinoshita Natsuko , Lopez‐Molina Luis 
Published: September 2007

SummaryEmbryogenesis in Arabidopsis results in mature, osmotolerant embryos within dry seeds. Late‐embryogenesis programs involve the transcription factors ABI3 and ABI5, which are necessary for osmotolerance. ABI3 and ABI5 are degraded in seeds initiating germination, abolishing their protected state. However, during an early stage of germination, strong osmotic stresses, or ABA exposure maintain ABI3 and ABI5 expression, leading to growth arrest, and osmotolerance. Mild stress stimuli delay ABI3 and ABI5 disappearance, retarding germination but not preventing eventual closure of embryogenesis programs. PICKLE (PKL), a putative chromatin modifier, is necessary to repress ABI3 and ABI5 expression during germination in response to ABA. We show that pkl mutants display persistent high expression of ABI3 and ABI5 upon ABA stimulation. In turn, maintenance of ABI5 expression leads to hypersensitive germination responses to ABA in pkl seeds. We provide evidence that ABI3 and ABI5 are less associated with repressed chromatin in pkl mutants. Our results provide evidence that PKL‐dependent repression of embryonic gene expression extends to late‐embryogenesis genes and is associated with changes in chromatin. We suggest that effective closure of embryogenesis omostolerance programs during germination prevents excessive plant reactions to stress.
A Link between PVYN CP Gene‐mediated Virus Resistance and Transgene Arrangement
Authors: Liu H. M. , Zhu C. X. , Zhu X. P. , Guo X. Q. , Song Y. Z. , Wen F. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractRNA‐mediated virus resistance is one kind of post‐transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS). PTGS can be induced by transgenes or by viral infection that triggers the degradation of RNAs with homology or complementarity to the foreign genes’ transcript or viral RNA. In this study, tobacco plants transformed with untranslatable Potato virus YN (PVYN)‐coated protein (CP) gene were used to examine the correlation between transgene integration patterns and RNA‐mediated resistance more directly. HindIII and EcoRI were used to digest genomic DNAs from progeny T1 transgenic plants with a range of responses to PVYN infection. Southern blot analysis indicated that nearly all of the highly resistant plants contained repeat foreign sequences, including direct repeat (DR) and inverted repeat (IR). Specifically, the highly resistant plants always contained both or one of these constructs, with the majority containing both constructs. Conversely, almost all of the susceptible transgenic plants contained neither construct, though some contained multiply copies. Our results show that transgene integration rather than copy number is the key factor for RNA‐mediated virus resistance. Many researchers identified double‐stranded RNA (dsRNA) as the common link for PTGS triggered by various events. Therefore, we suggest that only transgenes can make dsRNA, by transcription or other pathways, and either repeated constructs (IR or DR) or single copy will induce RNA‐mediated PVYN resistance.
Uveitis associated with immunoglobulin E‐mediated allergic diseases
Authors: Amer Radgonde , Bamonte Giulio , Forrester John V 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAtopic dermatitis and food allergy are typically associated with elevated IgE levels. Ocular involvement in atopic dermatitis is usually limited to the ocular surface and ocular adnexae. We herein report on the unusual association of these two conditions with uveitis in two patients and describe the ocular and systemic outcome following the institution of systemic immunosuppression.
Etanercept associated optic neuropathy
Authors: Chang Vicky , McCurdy Deborah , Gordon Lynn K 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe report the case of a 14‐year‐old boy who developed optic neuropathy subsequent to the use of etanercept. There have been 15 reported cases of anti‐TNF‐α‐associated optic neuropathy to date and their characteristics are reviewed in this report, as well as possible pathophysiologic mechanisms behind such phenomenon. Such cases demonstrate the importance of prompt ophthalmologic evaluation of visual changes in patients being treated with anti‐TNF‐α antagonists.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the caruncle
Authors: Kiratli Hayyam , Kocabeyoğlu Sibel , Sağlam Arzu , Söylemezoğlu Figen 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA 37‐year‐old man presented with the complaint of a small non‐tender mass growing steadily on the left caruncle for 3 months. This was a soft, reddish‐yellow tumour, occupying the whole left caruncular area without impinging on the conjunctiva. Histopathological evaluation of the excisional biopsy specimen showed that the tumour was largely composed of Langerhans cells mixed with eosinophils and mature lymphocytes. There were strong CD1a and S‐100 positivity on immunohistochemical studies. Langerhans cell histiocytosis is an exceedingly rare tumour of the caruncle in the adult and this lesion cannot be distinguished from other amelanotic lesions on clinical grounds alone. Simple excision of the lesion provided a 4‐year disease‐free period.
Peripapillary haemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelium detachment following radial optic neurotomy
Authors: Maia Mauricio , Farah Michel E , Aggio Fabio B , Rodrigues Eduardo B , De Souza Eduardo C , Magalhães Octaviano 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCentral retinal vein occlusion is a common vascular cause of blidness. In this paper, we first report focal haemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachment and chorioretinal anastomosis in the peripapillary area as an intraoperative complication of radial optic neurotomy (RON). A 65‐year‐old white man presented with ischaemic central vein occlusion OS. He underwent vitrectomy with RON, panretinal photocoagulation and intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide. A circumscribed subretinal haemorrhage was noted intraoperatively at the nasal site of the RON. The haemorrhage size decreased at the seventh postoperative day when an optical coherence tomography scan disclosed a haemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachment. Fluorescein angiography and fundus photograph revealed a chorioretinal anastomosis formation nasal to the optic nerve confirmed by indocyanine green angiography. Best‐correlated visual acuity improved from hand movements to 6/18 at the fourth week and it was stable until last examination. This case illustrates the role of chorioretinal anastomosis formation in the vision improvement following RON.
Anterior clinoid mucocele causing acute monocular blindness
Authors: Thurtell Matthew J , Besser Michael , Halmagyi G Michael 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe report a patient who presented with acute painful monocular visual loss reminiscent of idiopathic optic neuritis. After treatment with corticosteroids was commenced, an anterior clinoid mucocele causing compressive optic neuropathy was demonstrated on imaging studies. The diagnosis was proven histopathologically following excision of the lesion via craniotomy. Although very rare as a cause of optic neuropathy, anterior clinoid mucocele should be excluded by adequately imaging the optic canal, as visual prognosis is poor if surgical decompression is not performed in a timely fashion.
A case of Oguchi's disease with diabetic retinopathy
Authors: Entezari Morteza , Ramezani Alireza , Ghamari Hamid Reza 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA 50‐year‐old Iranian diabetic woman with night blindness was referred to our clinic. Complete ophthalmic examination including ophthalmoscopy after dark adaptation and paraclinic evaluations such as fluorescein angiography and electroretinography were performed. Retinal neovascularization and preretinal haemorrhages compatible with high‐risk characteristic proliferative diabetic retinopathy were observed bilaterally. In addition, a golden‐yellowish discoloration of posterior pole was noted in her both eyes. The diagnosis of Oguchi's disease was made when this discoloration disappeared after dark adaptation for 3 h. Electroretinograms also confirmed the diagnosis by showing a slow negative wave followed by a slow positive wave in the photopic condition and absent a‐ and b‐waves in the scotopic state. We concluded that proliferative diabetic retinopathy might occur in a patient with Oguchi's disease. This report represents this association in an Iranian patient for the first time.
Relationship between the corticostriatal terminals from areas 9 and 46, and those from area 8A, dorsal and rostral premotor cortex and area 24c: an anatomical substrate for cognition to action
Authors: Calzavara Roberta , Mailly Philippe , Haber Suzanne N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractOur previous data indicate that there are specific features of the corticostriatal pathways from the prefrontal cortex. First, corticostriatal pathways are composed of focal, circumscribed projections and of diffuse, widespread projections. Second, there is some convergence between terminal fields from different functional regions of the prefrontal cortex. Third, anterior cingulate projections from area 24b occupy a large region of the rostral striatum. The goal of this study was to determine whether these features are also common to the corticostriatal projections from area 8A (including the frontal eye field; FEF), the supplementary eye field (SEF), dorsal and rostral premotor cortex (PMdr) and area 24c. Using a new approach of three‐dimensional reconstruction of the corticostriatal pathways, along with dual cortical tracer injections, we mapped the corticostriatal terminal fields from areas 9 and 46, 8A‐FEF, SEF, PMdr and 24b and c. In addition, we placed injections of retrogradely transported tracers into key striatal regions. The results demonstrated that: (i) a diffuse projection system is a common feature of the corticostriatal projections from different frontal regions; (ii) key striatal regions receive convergent projections from areas 9 and 46 and from areas 8A‐FEF, SEF, PMdr and 24c, suggesting a potential pivotal role of these striatal regions in integrating cortical information; (iii) projections from area 24c, like those from area 24b, terminate widely throughout the striatum, interfacing with terminals from several frontal areas. These features of the corticostriatal frontal pathways suggest a potential integrative striatal network for learning.
Altered kynurenine metabolism correlates with infarct volume in stroke
Authors: Darlington L. G. , Mackay G. M. , Forrest C. M. , Stoy N. , George C. , Stone T. W. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractInflammation and oxidative stress are involved in brain damage following stroke, and tryptophan oxidation along the kynurenine pathway contributes to the modulation of oxidative stress partly via the glutamate receptor agonist quinolinic acid and antagonist kynurenic acid, and via redox‐active compounds such as 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid. We have confirmed that following a stroke, patients show early elevations of plasma neopterin, S100B and peroxidation markers, the latter two correlating with infarct volume assessed from computed tomography (CT) scans, and being consistent with a rapid inflammatory response. We now report that the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism was also activated, with an increased kynurenine : tryptophan ratio, but with a highly significant decrease in the ratio of 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid : anthranilic acid, which was strongly correlated with infarct volume. Levels of kynurenic acid were significantly raised in patients who died within 21 days compared with those who survived. The results suggest that increased tryptophan catabolism is initiated before or immediately after a stroke, and is related to the inflammatory response and oxidative stress, with a major change in 3‐hydroxyanthranilic acid levels. Together with previous evidence that inhibiting the kynurenine pathway reduces brain damage in animal models of stroke and cerebral inflammation, and that increased kynurenine metabolism directly promotes oxidative stress, it is proposed that oxidative tryptophan metabolism may contribute to the oxidative stress and brain damage following stroke. Some form of anti‐inflammatory intervention between the rise of S100B and the activation of microglia, including inhibition of the kynurenine pathway, may be valuable in modifying patient morbidity and mortality.
GABAergic synaptogenesis marks the onset of differentiation of basket and stellate cells in mouse cerebellum
Authors: Simat Marija , Ambrosetti Lisa , Lardi‐Studler Barbara , Fritschy Jean‐Marc 
Published: September 2007

AbstractType 2 glycine transporter (GlyT2) mediates intracellular glycine transport and is expressed selectively in glycinergic neurons. Expression of GlyT2 gene promoter‐driven enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) in BAC transgenic mice allows selective visualization of glycinergic neurons by fluorescence microscopy. Here, we show that cerebellar interneuron precursors identified by the transcription factor Pax2, including γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic interneurons of the molecular layer (ML; basket and stellate cells), transiently express GlyT2‐eGFP during development. In contrast, expression of endogenous GlyT2 is restricted to glycinergic Golgi cells. Comparison with knock‐in mice expressing eGFP in GABAergic neurons [glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)67‐eGFP] revealed that GlyT2‐eGFP expression often precedes GAD67‐eGFP and is therefore a marker of immature GABAergic interneurons. In the internal granule cell layer, GABAergic Golgi cells differentiated shortly after birth, prior to glycinergic Golgi cells. In the ML, GlyT2‐eGFP‐positive precursor cells migrated until the boundary with the external granule cell layer, forming an inside‐out maturation gradient that determined the final position of interneurons in the ML. After migration, GlyT2‐eGFP gradually disappeared, while interneurons differentiated morphologically and became immunoreactive for parvalbumin, the GABAA receptor α1 subunit, and the K+Cl– exchanger KCC2 (K+Cl– cotransporter type 2). Numerous presumptive GABAergic synaptic terminals were seen on immature ML interneurons as early as P4, preceding the expression of these neurochemical markers. These results suggest that GABAergic synaptogenesis marks the onset of differentiation of basket and stellate cells in the mouse cerebellum, and that GABAergic synaptic function might contribute to the differentiation of interneurons in the cerebellar cortex.
Relationships between bacterial diversity and environmental variables in a tropical marine environment, Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vieira Ricardo P. , Gonzalez Alessandra M. , Cardoso Alexander M. , Oliveira Denise N. , Albano Rodolpho M. , Clementino Maysa M. , Martins Orlando B. , Paranhos Rodolfo 
Published: September 2007

SummaryThis study is the first to apply a comparative analysis of environmental chemistry, microbiological parameters and bacterioplankton 16S rRNA clone libraries from different areas of a 50 km transect along a trophic gradient in the tropical Guanabara Bay ecosystem. Higher bacterial diversity was found in the coastal area, whereas lower richness was observed in the more polluted inner bay water. The significance of differences between clone libraries was examined with libshuff statistics. Paired reciprocal comparisons indicated that each of the libraries differs significantly from the others, and this is in agreement with direct interpretation of the phylogenetic tree. Furthermore, correspondence analyses showed that some taxa are related to specific abiotic, trophic and microbiological parameters in Guanabara Bay estuarine system.
Fear of visual loss in patients with diabetes: results of the Prevalence of Diabetic Eye Disease in Tayside, Scotland (P‐DETS) study
Authors: Luckie R. , Leese G. , McAlpine R. , MacEwen C. J. , Baines P. S. , Morris A. D. , Ellis J. D. ,   for the DARTS/MEMO Collaboration
Published: September 2007

AbstractAims  To describe the relationship between fear of visual loss and dependent variables (visual acuity, retinopathy treatment, severity of retinopathy) in community‐based diabetic patients.Methods  Subjects were identified from the Diabetes Audit and Research in Tayside, Scotland (DARTS) diabetes register. From a total of 4825 individuals known to have diabetes and who were resident in Dundee and Perth (population 216 204; diabetes prevalence 2.23%), 586 persons with diabetes were randomly selected. Participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire in Likert grade format which incorporated two items addressing presence and intensity of fear of visual loss.Results  Questionnaires were returned by 61.4% of the cohort. Fear of visual loss was ‘often in mind’ for 37% of respondents, and that fear was intense for 47.4%. Analysis by diabetes type revealed differences in reported fear of Type 1 and Type 2 patients in relation to disease and treatment variables. Linear regression highlighted the complexity of the issue with retinal status, acuity and treatment only partly explaining reported patient concern (r2 range: 0.051–0.125 for presence of fear; 0.026–0.04 for intensity of fear, depending on diabetes type).Conclusions  Fear of visual loss is preoccupying and intense for a substantial proportion of the diabetic population. Reasons for this are multiple and complex. Objective measures of visual impairment and retinal status are inadequate predictors of fear. Carers and researchers need to be mindful of this when approaching patients with diabetes.
Mild peripheral neuropathy prevents both leg muscular ischaemia and activation of exercise‐induced coagulation in Type 2 diabetic patients with peripheral artery disease
Authors: Piarulli F. , Sambataro M. , Minicuci N. , Scarano L. , Laverda B. , Baiocchi M. R. , Baldo‐Enzi G. , Galasso S. , Bax G. , Fedele D. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim  To study the influence of peripheral neuropathy on intermittent claudication in patients with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM).Methods  Twenty‐five patients with T2DM were grouped according to the ankle/brachial index (ABI): 10 with ABI > 0.9 without peripheral artery disease (PAD; group T2DM) and 15 with ABI < 0.9 with PAD (group T2DM + PAD). Twelve individuals without T2DM with PAD (group PAD without T2DM) were also enrolled. Tests for peripheral neuropathy were performed in all patients. ABI, rate pressure product, prothrombin fragments 1 + 2 (F1+2), thrombin‐anti‐thrombin complex (TAT), and d‐dimer were measured before and after a treadmill test. During exercise both initial and absolute claudication distance and electrocardiogram readings were recorded.Results  We found mild peripheral neuropathy in 20% of group T2DM and 46.7% of group T2DM + PAD (P < 0.01). After exercise, the rate pressure product increased in each group; ABI fell in T2DM + PAD (P < 0.0001) and in PAD without T2DM (P = 0.0005); the fall was greater in the latter group. Initial and absolute claudication distances were similar in PAD patients. In group T2DM + PAD, absolute claudication distance was longer in the subgroup without peripheral neuropathy (P < 0.05), whereas ABI and rate pressure products were similar. F1+2 values at rest were higher in group T2DM + PAD. After exercise, F1+2 values and TAT increased only in group PAD without T2DM.Conclusion  Only group PAD without T2DM experienced muscular ischaemia, whereas group T2DM + PAD did not. Mild peripheral neuropathy may have prevented them from reaching the point of muscular ischaemia during the treadmill test, because they stopped exercising with the early onset of pain. Reaching a false absolute claudication distance may induce ischaemic preconditioning. These findings suggest a possible protective role of mild peripheral neuropathy in T2DM patients with intermittent claudication, by preventing further activation of coagulation during treadmill testing.
Efficacy, safety and lack of immunogenicity of insulin aspart compared with regular human insulin for women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Pettitt D. J. , Ospina P. , Howard C. , Zisser H. , Jovanovic L. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim  The efficacy and safety of insulin aspart (IAsp), a rapid‐acting human insulin analogue, were compared with regular human insulin (HI) as the bolus component of basal‐bolus therapy for subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Methods  In a randomized, parallel‐group, open‐labelled trial, 27 women with GDM (age 30.7 ± 6.3 years, HbA1c < 7%) were randomized to receive IAsp (5 min before meal) or HI (30 min before meal). The trial period extended from diagnosis of GDM (18–28 weeks) to 6 weeks postpartum.Results  Both treatment groups maintained good overall glycaemic control during the study (beginning and end of study HbA1c≤ 6%). During the meal test, mean glucose at week 6 (IAsp 4.2 ± 0.57 mmol/l, HI 4.8 ± 0.86 mmol/l) was slightly lower than at week 0 (IAsp 4.9 ± 0.59 mmol/l, HI 5.1 ± 0.36 mmol/l). However, change from baseline values for average glucose (IAsp –1.09 ± 0.54 mmol/l, HI –0.54 ± 0.74 mmol/l; P = 0.003) and C‐peptide (IAsp –0.50 ± 0.67 nmol/l, HI –0.30 ± 0.70 nmol/l; P = 0.027) were significantly lower after IAsp treatment than HI treatment. No major hypoglycaemic events were reported during the study. Cross‐reacting insulin antibody binding increased slightly from baseline in both treatments groups (end of study: IAsp 2.1 ± 5.4%, HI 6.4 ± 13.9%), whereas antibodies specific to IAsp or HI remained relatively low (< 1% binding).Conclusion  IAsp was more effective than HI in decreasing postprandial glucose concentrations. Duration of IAsp injection 5 min before a meal rather than 30 min prior to meals offers a more convenient therapy for subjects with GDM. Overall safety and effectiveness of IAsp were comparable to HI in pregnant women with GDM.
Identifying the special needs of children with Type 1 diabetes in the school setting. An overview of parents’ perceptions
Authors: Amillategui B. , Calle J. R. , Alvarez M. A. , Cardiel M. A. , Barrio R. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAims  The aims of this observational study were to identify the special needs of children with Type 1 diabetes in schools from the parents’ point of view and the difficulties experienced with full integration, and to define a series of interventions which may improve the situation.Methods  Parents of children aged 3–18 years with Type 1 diabetes were eligible. Those who agreed to participate completed a self‐reporting questionnaire which determined the effects of the disease on children, parents and school personnel, and addressed aspects including children's integration, glycaemic control, insulin administration, meals, sports, trips and attitudes of teachers and school colleagues to their disease.Results  A total of 499 questionnaires were completed and validated. Median age of children was 11.5 years (95% CI 7.8–15.2). Only 34% of parents believed that teachers could recognize the symptoms of a mild hypoglycaemic episode. Seventeen per cent of parents experienced problems at their schools when they informed staff about their children's disease, 5% were finally not accepted and 8% were forced to change school. In some cases, they had to modify glucose monitoring (9%) and treatment administration (16%) because of a lack of cooperation from the school.Conclusions  Training sessions on Type 1 diabetes, an increase in the number of nurses, better availability of resources from diabetic associations to schools and improved communication between school personnel and parents were identified as key factors that may improve the full integration of the diabetic child in this setting.