bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The number of genes changing expression after chronic exposure to Code Division Multiple Access or Frequency DMA radiofrequency radiation does not exceed the false‐positive rate
Authors: Whitehead Timothy D. , Moros Eduardo G. , Brownstein Bernard H. , Roti Roti Joseph L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractExperiments with cultured C3H 10T 1/2 cells were performed to determine if exposure to cell phone radiofrequency (RF) radiations induce changes in gene expression. Following a 24 h exposure of 5 W/kg specific adsorption rate, RNA was extracted from the exposed and sham control cells for microarray analysis on Affymetrix U74Av2 Genechips. Cells exposed to 0.68 Gy of X‐rays with a 4‐h recovery were used as positive controls. The number of gene expression changes induced by RF radiation was not greater than the number of false positives expected based on a sham versus sham comparison. In contrast, the X‐irradiated samples showed higher numbers of probe sets changing expression level than in the sham versus sham comparison.
Acidochromism of stilbenoid chromophores with a p‐aminoaniline centre
Authors: Detert Heiner , Schmitt Volker 
Published: August 2006

AbstractOligo(phenylenevinylene)s (OPV) with a 2,5‐diaminobenzene centre were prepared via twofold Horner olefinations of substituted terephthalaldehydes. Whereas variations of the environment only slightly alter the electronic excitation spectra, the fluorescence spectra appear to be highly responsive. Besides a positive solvatochromism, the emission is very sensitive towards protonation. Quenching or appearance of new emitting species depends on the substitution pattern and is controlled by the concentration of the acid. Very large Stokes shifts indicate extensive structural changes in the excited states. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Psychosocial impact of the lack of information given at referral about familial risk for cancer
Authors: Metcalfe Alison , Werrett Julie , Burgess Lucy , Clifford Collette 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe aimed to identify patient' information and communication needs irrespective of their risk level, when they are referred for genetic risk assessment and genetic counselling for a predisposition to cancer. Semi‐structured telephone interviews were conducted with a purposive sample of individuals referred to a clinical genetics unit for a risk assessment of their genetic predisposition to either breast, ovarian or colorectal cancer and stratified by their level of risk. Triangulation was achieved by focus groups conducted with specialist genetic health professionals. Twenty‐three participants were interviewed pre‐ and post‐genetic counselling or risk assessment. A further 11 completed a single interview, five pre‐assessment and six post‐assessment. Three focus groups were conducted with the genetic health professionals. The results showed that many participants were unaware they had been referred for genetic counselling and as a consequence they felt this caused difficulties in coping with the genetic risk information received. Health professionals corroborated these findings of people's lack of awareness about their referral. This work raises important questions about the psychosocial consequences of inadequate information provision at the point of referral by clinicians in primary and hospital‐based healthcare that are responsible for referring the majority of people to clinical genetics units. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial properties and coherence of the high density phase in the microcavity optical parametric oscillator
Authors: Skolnick M. S. , Sanvitto D. , Krizhanovskii D. N. , Love A. P. D. , Whittaker D. M. , Roberts J. S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractRecent work on imaging of the quantum fluid in the microcavity optical parametric oscillator is described. It is shown that the high density phase has an intrinsic, spatially non‐uniform distribution arising from quasi‐particle interactions which blue shift the dispersion curve, and in plane fluctuations in the photonic potential of the microcavity. Isolation of single modes using spectral and spatial resolution enables the coherence of the OPO to be studied. Particle‐particle interactions are shown to play a key role in determining the temporal coherence. The behaviour of the coherence of the macroscopically occupied phase is shown to contrast strongly with that of a non‐interacting system. Evidence for signal‐idler energy and phase correlations is obtained. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Control of single spins in individual magnetic quantum dots
Authors: Mariette H. , Besombes L. , Bougerol C. , Ferrand D. , Léger Y. , Maingault L. , Cibert J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe optical properties of individual quantum dots doped with a single Mn atom and charged with a single carrier (electron or hole) are analyzed. Bias controlled single‐carrier charging combined with photo depletion is used to control the charge state of individual Mn‐doped quantum dots. The emission of the neutral, negatively charged and positively charged excitons coupled with a single magnetic atom are observed in the same quantum dot. The emission pattern of the charged excitons differs strongly from that of the neu‐tral excitons (single and biexciton). This difference reflects the fact that the Mn spin is very sensitive to the number of electrons and holes in both the excited and the ground states of the optical transitions. The spectrum of charged excitons in interaction with the Mn atom shows a rich pattern that can be attributed to a strong anisotropy of the hole–Mn exchange interaction This opens the way of storing information on a single carrier spin on a long time scale in the absence of external magnetic field. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of thickness on the stability of transparent conducting impurity‐doped ZnO thin films in a high humidity environment
Authors: Minami Tadatsugu , Miyata Toshihiro , Ohtani Yuusuke , Kuboi Takeshi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe resistivity of transparent conducting Al‐ and Ga‐doped ZnO (AZO and GZO) thin films prepared with a thickness in the range from 20 to 200 nm on glass substrates at a temperature below 200 °C was found to increase with exposure time when tested in a high humidity environment (air at 90% relative humidity and 60 °C). The resistivity stability (resistivity increase) was considerably affected by the thin film thickness. In particular, thin films with a thickness below about 50 nm were very unstable. The increase in resistivity is interpreted as carrier transport being dominated by grain boundary scattering resulting from the trapping of free electrons due to oxygen adsorption on the grain boundary surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The generation of locomotory forces in the spontaneous and norepinephrine‐induced migration of carcinoma cells
Authors: Strell Carina , Entschladen Frank , Bastian Philipp , Niggemann Bernd , Zänker Kurt S. , Lang Kerstin 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe migration of tumor cells is essential for metastasis development. We distinguish two types of migration with regard to the dynamics and molecular basis: a slow, spontaneous type of migration is induced by the extracellular matrix. This type of migration is myosin II‐independent. A fast type of migration is induced by ligands to G protein‐coupled receptors, of which norepinephrine is the most potent. This migration depends on the myosin II activity. However, there is still discordance to which part other cytoskeletal components such as actin, myosin and tubulin contribute to these two types of tumor cell migration. Here we present a study on the role of several cytoskeletal proteins in the spontaneous and induced migration of breast and colon carcinoma cells by time‐lapse videomicroscopy. The actin reorganization is essential for each type of cell migration. We have shown previously the important function of myosin II for the norepinephrine‐induced migration, whereas we show herein that myosin VI is not involved. Most interestingly, stabilization of the microtubules reduced both types of migration, whereas a disruption increased the spontaneous and inhibited the norepinephrine‐induced migration. These data suggest that the force generation is different in the spontaneous and the induced migration of carcinoma cells.
A variance analysis of the capacity displaced by wind energy in Europe
Authors: Giebel Gregor 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWind energy generation distributed all over Europe is less variable than generation from a single region. To analyse the benefits of distributed generation, the whole electrical generation system of Europe has been modelled including varying penetrations of wind power. The model is chronologically simulating the scheduling of the European power plants to cover the demand at every hour of the year. The wind power generation was modelled using wind speed measurements from 60 meteorological stations for 1 year. The distributed wind power also displaces fossil‐fuelled capacity. However, every assessment of the displaced capacity (or a capacity credit) by means of a chronological model is highly sensitive to single events. Therefore the wind time series was shifted by integer days against the load time series, and the different results were aggregated. The same set of results is shown for two other options, one where the pump storage plants are used more aggressively and the other where all German nuclear plants are shut off. NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data have been used to recreate the same averaged time series from a data set spanning 34 years. Through this it is possible to set the year studied in detail into a longer‐term context. The results are that wind energy can contribute more than 20% of the European demand without significant changes in the system and can replace conventional capacity worth about 10% of the installed wind power capacity. The long‐term reference shows that the analysed year is the worst case for wind power integration. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &Sons, Ltd.
Missing Effect of Glutamine Supplementation on the Surgical Outcome after Pancreaticoduodenectomy for Periampullary Tumors: A Prospective, Randomized, Double‐blind, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Jo Sungho , Choi Seong‐Ho , Heo Jin‐Seok , Kim Eun‐Mi , Min Myung‐Sook , Choi Dong‐Wook , Seo Jeong‐Meen , Chung Jun‐Chul , Kim Yong‐Il 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe effect of glutamine (Gln) supplementation in patients undergoing a major operation has not been conclusively established. This study was designed to elucidate the effect of Gln supplementation on the surgical outcome after a pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) for periampullary tumors.MethodsA prospective, randomized, double‐blind, and controlled clinical trial was undertaken for patients who underwent a classical PD or a pylorus‐preserving PD for periampullary tumors. The Gln and control groups received isonitrogenous amino acid, with a 0.2 g/kg per day Gln regimen administered to the Gln group. The surgical outcome was compared in light of length of postoperative hospital stay, nutritional and chemical profiles, and complication rate between the Gln and control groups.ResultsSixty of the consecutive 143 patients who were admitted to undergo operation for periampullary tumors were enrolled in our study; 32 were in the Gln group and 28 in the control group. The two groups were comparable prior to and during the operation. The median length of the postoperative hospital stay and the postoperative nutritional and chemical profiles were not different between two groups. The overall and PD‐related complication rates of the Gln group (37.5% and 25.0%) and the control group (28.6% and 14.3%) were not statistically different.ConclusionsNo significant beneficial effect of Gln supplementation with a low‐dose parenteral regimen was demonstrated on the surgical outcome after a PD for periampullary tumors. Therefore, we should be prudent in using Gln as a routine pharmacologic supplement to the standard nutrition in patients who undergo major operations.
Relationships among Key deer, insect herbivores, and plant quality
Authors: Barrett Mark A. , Stiling Peter 
Published: August 2006

AbstractDeer can have severe effects on plant communities, which in turn can affect insect communities. We studied the effects of Key deer herbivory on the incidence of insect herbivores that occur within deer habitats in the lower Florida Keys, within the National Key Deer Refuge (NKDR). We analyzed plant chemistry (tannins, nitrogen) and surveyed for the occurrence of insects (above the browse tier) among plant species that were either deer‐preferred or less‐preferred. Results indicated higher levels of foliar tannins on islands with fewer Key deer and larger amounts of foliar nitrogen on islands with a high density of Key deer. Consequently, leaf miners were significantly more abundant on islands with high deer density, irrespective of deer‐preference of plant species. On islands with a high deer density, incidence of leaves damaged by chewing insects was lower on preferred plant species but greater on less‐preferred species than on islands with fewer deer. No apparent patterns were evident in the distribution of leaf gallers among plant species or islands with different deer density. Our results imply that plant nutrition levels—either preexisting or indirectly affected by deer deposition—are more important than plant defenses in determining the distribution of insect herbivores in the NKDR. Although high densities of the endangered Key deer have negative effects on some plant species in the NKDR, it seems Key deer might have an indirect positive influence on insect incidence primarily above the browse tier. Further research is warranted to enable fuller understanding of the interactions between Key deer and the insect community.
Stevens’ Direct Scaling Methods and the Uniqueness Problem
Authors: Augustin Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractStevens postulated that we can use the responses of a participant in a ratio scaling experiment directly to construct a psychophysical function representing the participant’s sensations. Although Stevens’ methods of constructing measurement scales are widely used in the behavioral sciences, the problem of which scale type is appropriate to describe ratio scaling data is still unresolved. To deal with this problem, we develop a theoretical framework to specify the scale type attained by Stevens’ direct scaling methods. It is shown, under fairly mild background assumptions, that the behavioral axioms presented in this paper are necessary and sufficient for the psychophysical functions to be ordinal-, interval-, log-interval-, or ratio-scales. Furthermore, suggestions on how to test these behavioral axioms are provided.
Developing 1D nanostructure arrays for future nanophotonics
Authors: Ruda Harry E. , Polanyi John C. , Yang Jody S.Y. , Wu Zhanghua , Philipose Usha , Xu Tao , Yang Susan , Kavanagh K.L. , Liu J.Q. , Yang L. , Wang Y. , Robbie Kevin , Yang J. , Kaminska K. , Cooke D.G. , Hegmann F.A. , Budz A.J. , Haugen H.K. 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
There is intense and growing interest in one-dimensional (1-D) nanostructures from the perspective of their synthesis and unique properties, especially with respect to their excellent optical response and an ability to form heterostructures. This review discusses alternative approaches to preparation and organization of such structures, and their potential properties. In particular, molecular-scale printing is highlighted as a method for creating organized pre-cursor structure for locating nanowires, as well as vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) templated growth using nano-channel alumina (NCA), and deposition of 1-D structures with glancing angle deposition (GLAD). As regards novel optical properties, we discuss as an example, finite size photonic crystal cavity structures formed from such nanostructure arrays possessing highQ and small mode volume, and being ideal for developing future nanolasers.
Proteomic approach to substrates related to MAPK pathway in 293T cells
Authors: Zhang Guolin , Wang Sanying 
Published: August 2006

AbstractAbundant evidence indicates that potential scaffold proteins and adaptor or linker molecules organize and specify various MAP kinase cascades. In the present study, proteomic methodologies were applied to screen these potential molecules in combination with cell morphology and cell cycle analysis. MEK1E, MKK3b, MKK5D and MKK7D were selected as representative MKKs of four main MAPK pathways. Our results showed that similar morphological transformation and G2/M cell cycle arrest were promoted by the over‐expressed four kinases. Furthermore, global change in response to the over‐expressed four kinases was characterized by differential proteomics. Eleven distinctly changed proteins were detected, in which four proteins (serine/threonine kinase 4, glutathione S‐transferase p1‐1, glycoprotein IX and soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase) were reported to be relative to MAPK pathways, while the other seven proteins may be new elements of substrates of the kinases. In our experiment, the expression of platelet glycoprotein IX precursor, glutathione S‐transferase p1‐1, peroxiredoxin 6, Ras‐related protein Rab‐34 and arginase II, mitochondrial precursor was up‐regulated, while the expression of serine/threonine kinase 4 (MST1) was down‐regulated by the four kinases. These results suggest that these six proteins may be common targets of all the MAPK pathways in 293T cell line. Interestingly, the expression of splicing factor 3B subunit 4 and soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (Ppase) was specifically up‐regulated by MEK1E and MKK5D, and by MEK1E, MKK3b and MKK5D, respectively. The expression of methylglyoxalase was down‐regulated by MEK1E and MKK7D. Furthermore, the expression of ADP‐ribosylation factor‐like protein 1 was up‐regulated by MKK5D but down‐regulated by MKK3b and MKK7D. These findings revealed the characteristic molecular responses to four MKKs. In conclusion, our study not only confirms that MST1, glutathione S‐transferase p1‐1, glycoprotein IX and soluble PPase belong to MAPK pathways, but also provides seven novel molecules for the further study of the pathways.
A Collaborative Approach to Isolated Limb Perfusion
Authors: Fraser Margo , Marentay Paula , Berthà Rebecca 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTIsolated limb perfusion is used to treat unresectable sarcoma, melanoma, and other select tumors. It is performed in the OR and requires collaboration by surgeons, perioperative nurses, anesthesia care providers, pharmacists, perfusion technologists, and nuclear medicine personnel. The procedure involves complete isolation of the vascular supply to a limb before an infusion of high dose chemotherapeutic medications. AORN J 70 (Oct 1999) 642‐653.
The Millennium Bug—Do We Have the Right Antibiotics?
Authors: Remmert Kurt W. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThis article introduces readers to the scope of the Year 2000 (Y2K) issue. In addition to describing how this problem came to be, the author examines the extent of the problem as defined by professionals in information technology. The author also explores what the cost of fixing the problem may be and what industry is doing to mitigate the effects the Y2K bug will have on patient care, supplies, and financial operations. The author expresses the need for caregivers to have a greater interest in the problem and to ask questions about what is being done at individual institutions. AORN J 69 (March 1999) 542–550.
The Surgical Significance of Therapeutic Touch
Authors: Ramnarine‐Singh Susan 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTherapeutic touch (TT) is believed to help promote relaxation, reduce pain, accelerate the healing process, and alleviate psychosomatic illness. Patients who undergo surgery frequently experience stressors such as anxiety and pain. Although there have been limited studies on the use of TT in the surgical arena, it is a stress‐reduction method that should be explored further. This article discusses studies that examined the use of TT in reducing anxiety and pain. AORN J 69 (Feb 1999) 358–369.
Vascular Hemodynamics
Authors: Gavaghan Mary 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTThe vascular system is a complex network transporting blood to and from all parts of the body. It distributes oxygenated and nutrientrich blood to body tissues via arteries, arterioles, metarterioles, and capillaries. Venules and veins carry deoxygenated blood, cellular wastes, and carbon dioxide to the heart and lungs to be oxygenated or removed. The lymphatic system removes fluid left at the venous end of the capillaries and returns it to the circulatory system by way of the lymphatic ducts. Understanding the vascular system is basic to providing quality nursing care. AORN J 68 (August 1998) 212–226
Rational Suicide Among Patients Who Are Terminally Ill
Authors: Valente Sharon M. , Trainor Donna 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTPatients' end‐of‐life decisions challenge nurses. Often, aggressive, life‐prolonging strategies create ethical dilemmas for nurses when patients decide to stop treatment. In Oregon, assisted suicide is legal and will have a profound effect on nursing practice. When a patient considers suicide, nurses need to examine the patient's mental health, symptom management, and rational decision‐making ability. Evaluation of suicide risk is a priority. Nurses need to recognize that medical and psychological symptoms often trigger thoughts of suicide, but prompt treatment of pain and symptoms also reduces suicide risk. Ethical issues and guidelines for management of patients considering suicide and evaluation of rationality are presented. AORN J 68 (August 1998) 252–264.
Minimally Invasive Treatment for Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Wisniowski Cindy , Stephen Lesley 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTCoronary artery disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. One advancement in the treatment of this disease is the minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedure, which is an alternative to the traditional open heart bypass procedure. The MIDCAB procedure is becoming a viable alternative to the traditional coronary artery bypass grafting procedure for a select group of patients. With further experience and follow‐up, this procedure will offer lower hospital costs by decreasing lengths of stay and offering patients the optimal conduit for coronary artery bypass grafting without the complications of cardiopulmonary bypass. AORN J 66 (Dec 1997) 1002–1009.
Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Coulson A.S. , Bakhshay S. , Quarnstrom J. , Mayer S. , Holmes K. , Villarreal M. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTTraditional coronary artery bypass surgery involves a median sternotomy and the use of a heart‐lung machine to stabilize the heart during suturing. Minimally invasive coronary artery surgery employs small incisions directly over the target vessels and avoids the use of a heart‐lung machine, which can cause postoperative complications. The target coronary vessels are stabilized in alternative ways, potentially hazardous manipulation of the ascending aorta is avoided, and the subclavian and axillary arteries provide alternative inflow sources. Other new techniques used in minimally invasive procedures include a coronary artery cannula to avoid intraoperative ischemia and wound irrigation catheters to administer postoperative bupivacaine hydrochloride. Perioperative nurses need to become familiar with these new techniques to be able to plan and implement effective patient care. AORN J 66 (Dec 1997) 1012–1037.