bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long-term outcome of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis and triple pelvic osteotomy in dogs with hip dysplasia
Authors: Manley Paul A. , Adams William M. , Danielson Kelson C. , Dueland R. Tass , Linn Kathleen A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To compare long-term outcomes of juvenile pubic symphysiodesis (JPS) and triple pelvic osteotomy (TPO) in dogs with hip dysplasia.
Design—Prospective clinical trial.
Animals—18 dogs with hip dysplasia (ie, distraction index ≥ 0.5 in at least 1 hip joint and no, mild, or moderate radiographic evidence of degenerative joint disease [DJD]).
Procedures—Dogs between 4 and 5.5 months old at enrollment were assigned to undergo JPS, and dogs between 5 and 12 months old were assigned to undergo TPO. All dogs were reexamined at 2 years of age.
Results—At 2 years of age, there were no significant differences between groups in regard to lameness scores, angle of extension of the hip joints, distraction index, peak vertical force, acetabular angle, radiographic DJD score, or owner-assigned scores of clinical function. Dorsal acetabular rim angle was significantly higher in dogs that underwent JPS than in dogs that underwent TPO. For dogs that underwent TPO, dorsal acetabular rim angle was significantly decreased and acetabular angle was significantly increased at 2 years of age, compared with values obtained prior to surgery.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that JPS and TPO have similar effects on hip joint conformation in dogs with moderate to severe hip dysplasia but that neither procedure eliminates the hip joint laxity characteristic of hip dysplasia or the progression of degenerative changes.
Comparison of core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes for antemortem diagnosis of enzootic bovine lymphosarcoma in cattle
Authors: Washburn Kevin E. , Streeter Robert N. , Lehenbauer Terry W. , Snider Timothy A. , Rezabek Grant B. , Ritchey Jerry W. , Meinkoth James H. , Allison Robin W. , Rizzi Theresa E. , Boileau Melanie J. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether antemortem core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes could be used to distinguish between inflammation and lymphosarcoma in cattle.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—25 cattle with enlarged peripheral lymph nodes.
Procedures—Antemortem biopsies of the selected lymph nodes were performed with an 18-gauge, 12-cm core needle biopsy instrument. Fine-needle aspirates were performed with a 20-gauge, 4-cm needle. Specimens were analyzed by pathologists who were unaware of clinical findings and final necropsy findings, and specimens were categorized as reactive, neoplastic, or nondiagnostic for comparison with necropsy results.
Results—Sensitivity and specificity of core needle biopsy ranged from 38% to 67% and from 80% to 25%, respectively. Sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration ranged from 41% to 53%, and specificity was 100%. Predictive values for positive test results ranged from 77% to 89% for core needle biopsy and were 100% for fine-needle aspiration. Predictive values for negative test results were low for both core needle biopsy and fine-needle aspiration.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that core needle biopsy and fineneedle aspiration can aid in the antemortem diagnosis of bovine enzootic lymphosarcoma. Results of fine-needle aspiration of enlarged peripheral lymph nodes were more specific and more predictive for a positive test result than were results of core needle biopsy.
Response of calves to challenge exposure with virulent bovine respiratory syncytial virus following intranasal administration of vaccines formulated for parenteral administration
Authors: Ellis John , Gow Sheryl , West Keith , Waldner Cheryl , Rhodes Carrie , Mutwiri George , Rosenberg Helene 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether single-fraction and combination modified-live bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) vaccines commercially licensed for parenteral administration could stimulate protective immunity in calves after intranasal administration.
Design—Randomized controlled trial.
Animals—39 calves.
Procedures—Calves were separated from dams at birth, fed colostrum with a minimal concentration of antibodies against BRSV, and maintained in isolation. In 2 preliminary experiments, 9-week-old calves received 1 (n = 3) or 2 (3) doses of a single-component, modified-live BRSV vaccine or no vaccine (8 control calves in each experiment), and were challenged with BRSV 21 days after vaccination. In a third experiment, 2-week-old calves received combination modifiedlive virus (MLV) vaccines with or without BRSV and calves were challenged with BRSV 8 days later. Calves were euthanized, and lung lesions were measured. Immune responses, including serum and nasal antibody and nasal interferon-α concentrations, were assessed.
Results—BRSV challenge induced signs of severe clinical respiratory tract disease, including death and pulmonary lesions in unvaccinated calves and in calves that received a combination viral vaccine without BRSV. Pulmonary lesions were significantly less severe in BRSV-challenged calves that received single or combination BRSV vaccines. The proportion of calves that shed virus and the peak virus titer was decreased, compared with control calves. Protection was associated with mucosal IgA antibody responses after challenge.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Single and combination BRSV vaccines administered intranasally provided clinical protection and sparing of pulmonary tissue similar to that detected in response to parenteral delivery of combination MLV and inactivated BRSV vaccines previously assessed in the same challenge model.
Epidemiologic assessment of porcine circovirus type 2 coinfection with other pathogens in swine
Authors: Dorr Paul M. , Baker Rodney B. , Almond Glen W. , Wayne Spencer R. , Gebreyes Wondwossen A. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Objective—To identify important pathogens and characterize their serologic and pathologic effects in porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2)-infected pigs in relation to pig age and type of swine production system.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—583 conventionally reared pigs.
Procedures—3- (n = 157), 9- (149), 16- (152), and 24-week-old (125) pigs from 41 different 1-, 2-, and 3-site production systems (5 pigs/age group/farm) were euthanized and necropsied. Pigs with and without PCV2 infection were identified (via PCR assay); infection with and serologic responses to other pathogens and pathologic changes in various tissues (including lungs) were assessed. Logistic regression models were constructed for effects overall and within each age group and type of production system.
Results—Compared with PCV2-negative pigs, PCV2-positive pigs were more likely to have swine influenza virus (SIV) type A and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections and sample-to-positive (S:P) ratios for SIV H1N1 from 0.50 to 0.99; also, PCV2-positive pigs had higher serum anti-porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) antibody titers and more severe lung tissue damage. Infection with SIV (but lower SIV H1N1 S:P ratio) was more likely in 3-week-old PCV2-positive pigs and evidence of systemic disease was greater in 16-week-old PCV2-positive pigs than in their PCV2-negative counterparts. By site type, associations of coinfections and disease effects between PCV2-positive and -negative pigs were greatest in 3-site production systems.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In PCV2-positive pigs, coinfections with SIV, M hyopneumoniae, and PRRSV are important, having the greatest effect in the early to late nursery phase and in 3-site production systems.
Inside Front Cover: Fine Control of the Wettability Transition Temperature of Colloidal‐Crystal Films: From Superhydrophilic to Superhydrophobic (Adv. Funct. Mater. 2/2007)
Authors: Wang J. , Wen Y. , Hu J. , Song Y. , Jiang L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA facile strategy for finely controlling the wettability transition temperature of colloidal‐crystal films from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic is demonstrated by Song and co‐workers on p. 219. The films are assembled from poly(styrene‐n‐butyl acrylate–acrylic acid) latex spheres. The wettability transition temperature of the films is tuned by adjusting the n‐butyl acrylate/styrene balance. This approach offers flexibile fabrication of colloidal crystals with tunable wettability, and can be further extended to general materials.A facile strategy for finely controlling the wettability transition temperature of colloidal‐crystal films from superhydrophilic (water contact angle, CA, 0°) to superhydrophobic (water CA, 150.5°) is demonstrated. The colloidal‐crystal films are assembled from poly(styrene‐n‐butyl acrylate–acrylic acid) amphiphilic latex spheres. The wettability transition temperature of the films can be well tuned by adjusting the n‐butyl acrylate/styrene balance of the latex spheres. Superhydrophobic films are achieved when assembled at 90, 80, 70, 60, 40, or even 20 °C. This approach offers the flexibility of fabricating colloidal crystals with desired and tunable wettability, and can be further extended to general materials, opening up new perspectives in controlling the wettability behavior by chemical composition.
The effects of E. coli 0157:H7, FMD and BSE on Japanese retail beef prices: A historical decomposition
Authors: Saghaian Sayed H. , Maynard Leigh J. , Reed Michael R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study examines Japanese retail price reactions to the 2001 bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) discovery, the 2000 outbreak of foot and mouth disease (FMD), and the 1996 E. coli food poisoning events. Historical decomposition of retail‐level price series aids in explaining the behavior of beef prices in a neighborhood (period‐by‐period time interval) of the three events. This is based on an application of directed acyclic graphs, constructing orthogonal innovations to determine causal patterns behind contemporaneous innovations. The results show that the beef safety and animal health events had different negative impacts on Japanese retail beef prices, suggesting that consumers understood and differentiated among the health risks. The results provide incentives for beef producers and retailers to inform consumers proactively about ongoing beef safety and animal health measures. Understanding consumer reaction to BSE, FMD, and E. coli helps the beef industry restore consumer confidence after future crises, and provides policy makers a basis for countermeasures and compensations. [EconLit citations: Q11, Q13]. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 131–147, 2007.
Import quotas, price ceilings, and pricing behavior in Taiwan's flour industry
Authors: Ma Tay‐Cheng 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWith the use of data from Taiwan's flour market, this article studies the impacts of wheat import quotas and flour price ceilings on the market. The evidence indicates that flour prices were set above competitive equilibrium levels during most of the regulation period. The high prices and profit margins earned in the regulation period were due to nonbinding price ceilings as well as binding import quotas. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 1–15, 2007.
USDA's trade adjustment assistance for farmers: The raspberry industry
Authors: Ruan Jun , Buccola Steven , Pick Daniel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe Trade Adjustment Assistance Program, created in the Trade Act of 2002, authorizes temporary payments to farmers hurt by import competition. The Act requires petitioning farmers to demonstrate that prices have fallen by at least the statutory minimum proportion, and importantly, as a result of rising foreign competition. With the raspberry industry as an example, we show that credible demonstration of import harm requires an econometric model distinguishing domestic from foreign impacts on U.S. prices. We construct such a model and use it to argue that raspberry producers—and specialty crops in general—will infrequently qualify for program assistance, despite recent apparent evidence of import‐induced price damage. [EconLit citations: F140, Q170, Q180]. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Agribusiness 23: 101–115, 2007.
Experimental and modeling of carbonate formation in the effluent of oxygen delignification
Authors: Zhang D. C. , Hsieh J. , Chai X.‐S. , Ragauskas A. J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA quantitative model of carbonate formation in the effluent of one‐stage oxygen delignification for a softwood kraft pulp was developed and experimentally validated. This model quantitatively described carbonate formation in the effluent of oxygen delignified SW kraft pulps and its kinetic characteristics. It could be used as an approach to predict pulp kappa numbers in the solid phase (fiber) from carbonate content in the liquid phase (filtrate). From the kinetic behavior of carbonate formation and its relationship to pulp kappa number, a control strategy was suggested. Constant kappa number curves used for parameter selection were developed to achieve target pulp kappa number while retaining pulp viscosity and total fiber charge properties. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007.
Association between parasite infection and immune responses in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Correale Jorge , Farez Mauricio 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether parasite infection is correlated with a reduced number of exacerbations and altered immune reactivity in multiple sclerosis (MS).MethodsA prospective, double‐cohort study was performed to assess the clinical course and radiological findings in 12 MS patients presenting associated eosinophilia. All patients presented parasitic infections with positive stool specimens. In all parasite‐infected MS patients, the eosinophilia was not present during the 2 previous years. Eosinophil counts were monitored at 3‐ to 6‐month intervals. When counts became elevated, patients were enrolled in the study. Interleukin (IL)‐4, IL‐10, IL‐12, transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, and interferon‐γ production by myelin basic protein–specific peripheral blood mononuclear cells were studied using enzyme‐linked immunospot (ELISPOT). FoxP3 and Smad7 expression were studied by reverse‐transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.ResultsDuring a 4.6‐year follow‐up period, parasite‐infected MS patients showed a significantly lower number of exacerbations, minimal variation in disability scores, as well as fewer magnetic resonance imaging changes when compared with uninfected MS patients. Furthermore, myelin basic protein–specific responses in peripheral blood showed a significant increase in IL‐10 and TGF‐β and a decrease in IL‐12 and interferon‐γ–secreting cells in infected MS patients compared with noninfected patients. Myelin basic protein–specific T cells cloned from infected subjects were characterized by the absence of IL‐2 and IL‐4 production, but high IL‐10 and/or TGF‐β secretion, showing a cytokine profile similar to the T‐cell subsets Tr1 and Th3. Moreover, cloning frequency of CD4+CD25+ FoxP3+ T cells was substantially increased in infected patients compared with uninfected MS subjects. Finally, Smad7 messenger RNA was not detected in T cells from infected MS patients secreting TGF‐β.InterpretationIncreased production of IL‐10 and TGF‐β, together with induction of CD25+CD4+ FoxP3+ T cells, suggests that regulatory T cells induced during parasite infections can alter the course of MS. Ann Neurol 2007
Zuschriften zu: B. Maidl, U. Maidl: Lösung von Karstproblemen am Beispiel des Irlahülltunnels der DB‐Neubaustrecke Nürnberg–Ingolstadt
Authors: Kiehl J. R. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract[Bautechnik 83, No. 8, 525–532 (2006),http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bate.200610045]
Some Simple Tests for Spatial Effects Around Putative Sources of Health Risk
Authors: Lawson Andrew B. , Williams Fiona L. R. , Liu Yuan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe need for tests dealing with different features of small area health data is less important with the increase in computation speed of computers and the access to MCMC methods. However there are many situations where exploratory testing could be useful and where MCMC methods are not readily useable or available.In this paper, a number of simple tests are derived for the logistic model for case events. This model assumes that a control disease is available and that the events have a binary label relating to case or control state. The tests are derived from likelihood considerations and Monte Carlo critical regions are examined. A simulated evaluation of the tests is presented in terms of Monte Carlo power. A data example is considered. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduction of automatically‐maintained self‐injury using contingent equipment removal
Authors: Magnusson Atli F. , Gould D. Daniel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study reports the use of contingent removal of protective equipment to reduce the severe head‐directed self‐injurious behavior of an 8‐year‐old boy with autism. Treatment was initially implemented in a highly controlled environment, and was then generalized to the participant's classroom, residence, and following his discharge, to his home environment. The treatment effectively reduced self‐injurious behavior to near‐zero levels. Systematic fading of the protective equipment was started but not completed due to his previously‐planned discharge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method for generation of human hyperdiversified antibody fragment library
Authors: Mondon Philippe , Souyris Nathalie , Douchy Laurent , Crozet Fabien , Bouayadi Khalil , Kharrat Hakim 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe selection of antibody fragments from libraries using in vitro screening technologies has proven to be a very good alternative to the classical hybridoma technology, and has overcome the laborious process of antibody humanization. However, the complexity of the library is critical in the probability of being able to directly isolate a high affinity antibody specific to a target. We report a method to make hyperdiversified antibody fragment libraries, based on human immunoglobulin variable genes mimicking the somatic hypermutation process. This mutagenesis technology, MutaGen™, was used for the first time on the entire variable domain (frameworks and CDRs) of large repertoires of human variable antibody domains. Our MutaGen™ process uses low‐fidelity human polymerases, known as mutases, suggested to be involved in the somatic hypermutation process of immunoglobulin genes. Depending on the mutases used, we generated complementary mutation patterns with randomly distributed mutations. The libraries were generated with an average of 1.8 mutations per 100 amino acids. The hyperdiversified antibody fragment libraries constructed with our process should enable the selection of antibody fragments specific to virtually any target.
Simultaneous determination of lamotrigine, zonisamide, and carbamazepine in human plasma by high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Greiner‐Sosanko Elizabeth , Lower Darla R. , Virji Mohamed A. , Krasowski Matthew D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA high‐performance liquid chromatography assay with ultraviolet detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of the anti‐epileptic drugs lamotrigine, carbamazepine and zonisamide in human plasma and serum. Lamotrigine, carbamazepine, zonisamide and the internal standard chloramphenicol were extracted from serum or plasma using liquid–liquid extraction under alkaline conditions into an organic solvent. The method was linear in the range 1–30 µg/mL for lamotrigine, 2–20 µg/mL for carbamazepine, and 1–40 µg/mL for zonisamide. Within‐ and between‐run precision studies demonstrated coefficient of variation <10% at all tested concentrations. Other anti‐epileptic medications tested did not interfere with the assay. The method is appropriate for determining lamotrigine, carbamazepine and zonisamide serum or plasma concentrations for therapeutic monitoring. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stereoselective Biocatalytic Synthesis of (S)‐2‐Hydroxy‐2‐Methylbutyric Acid via Substrate Engineering by Using “Thio‐Disguised” Precursors and Oxynitrilase Catalysis
Authors: Fechter Martin H. , Gruber Karl , Avi Manuela , Skranc Wolfgang , Schuster Christian , Pöchlauer Peter , Klepp Kurt O. , Griengl Herfried 
Published: January 2007

Abstract3‐Tetrahydrothiophenone (4) and 4‐phenylthiobutan‐2‐one (7) were used as masked 2‐butanone equivalents to give the corresponding cyanohydrins 5 (79 % yield, 91 % ee) and 8 (95 % yield, 96 % ee) in an enzymatic cyanohydrin reaction applying the hydroxynitrile lyase (HNL) from Hevea brasiliensis. After hydrolysis and desulphurisation the desired intermediate (S)‐2‐hydroxy‐2‐methylbutyric acid (10) was obtained with 99 % ee. Interestingly, when applying (R)‐selective HNL from Prunus amygdalus again the (S)‐cyanohydrin 5 was formed (62 % ee). The absolute configuration of 5 was verified by crystal structure determination of the corresponding hydrolysis derived carboxylate. The fact that both enzymes yield the same enantiomer was analysed and interpreted by molecular modelling calculations.
Water‐Soluble Self‐Assembled Butadiyne‐Bridged Bisporphyrin: A Potential Two‐Photon‐Absorbing Photosensitizer for Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Dy Joanne T. , Ogawa Kazuya , Satake Akiharu , Ishizumi Atsushi , Kobuke Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe have synthesized a novel, two‐photon‐absorbing photosensitizer for two‐photon‐absorption photodynamic therapy (2PA‐PDT). The molecule is a butadiyne‐bridged porphyrin dimer terminated with two water‐soluble porphyrin monomers connected through Zn‐imidazolyl self‐assembly and covalently linked through olefin metathesis. It has an effective two‐photon‐absorption (2PA) cross‐section value, σ(2), of 33 000±4600 GM with 5‐ns pulses at 890 nm measured by using the open‐aperture Z‐scan technique. The compound was found to generate singlet oxygen, cytotoxic for tumor cells in photodynamic therapy (PDT), under 2PA conditions by conducting photobleaching experiments with anthracene‐9,10‐dipropionic acid sodium salt (ADPA).
Synthesis of DNA‐Sequence‐Selective Hairpin Polyamide Platinum Complexes
Authors: Taleb Robin I. , Jaramillo David , Wheate Nial J. , Aldrich‐Wright Janice R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo DNA‐sequence‐selective hairpin polyamide platinum(II) complexes, containing pyrrole and imidazole heterocyclic rings, have been synthesised by different methods. A six‐ring complex, selective for (A/T)GGG(A/T) DNA sequences, was made by using solid‐phase synthesis, whilst an eight‐ring complex, selective for (A/T)CCTG(A/T) DNA sequences, was made by utilising standard wet chemistry. Solid‐phase synthesis resulted in a significantly higher yield, required less purification and is more efficient than the wet synthesis; as such, it is the preferred method for further work. The metal complexes were characterised by 1H and 195Pt NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry. The two compounds provide a foundation for the synthesis of more complex molecules containing multiple hairpins and/or platinum groups.
Synthesis of a Missing Structural Link: The First Trigonal Planar B4 Units in the Novel Complex Boride Ti1+xOs2‐xRuB2 (x = 0.6).
Authors: Fokwa Boniface P. T. , von Appen Joerg , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Isolated [Ni2H7]7‐ and [Ni4H12]12‐ Ions in La2MgNi2H8.
Authors: Chotard Jean‐Noel , Filinchuk Yaroslav , Revaz Bernard , Yvon Klaus 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.