bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Corporate culture, corporate governance, and independent directors: evidence from textual analysis
Authors: Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Jiraporn Pornsit , Kilic Merve , Uyar Ali 
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Taking advantage of a unique measure of corporate culture obtained from advanced machine learning algorithms, this study aims to explore how corporate culture strength is influenced by board independence, which is one of the most crucial aspects of the board of directors. Because of their independence from the corporation, outside independent directors are more likely to be unbiased. As a result, board independence is commonly used as a proxy for board quality.

Design/methodology/approach
In addition to the standard regression analysis, the authors execute a variety of additional tests, i.e. propensity score matching, an instrumental variable analysis, Lewbel’s (2012) heteroscedastic identification and Oster’s (2019) testing for coefficient stability.

Findings
The results show that stronger board independence, measured by a higher proportion of independent directors, is significantly associated with corporate culture. In particular, a rise in board independence by one standard deviation results in an improvement in corporate culture by 32.8%.

Originality/value
Conducting empirical research on corporate culture is incredibly difficult due to the inherent difficulties in recognizing and assessing corporate culture, resulting in a lack of empirical research on corporate culture in the literature. The authors fill this important void in the literature. Exploiting a novel measure of corporate culture based on textual analysis, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to link corporate culture to corporate governance with a specific focus on board independence.
Comparison of elastic properties of tectonic coals along the face and butt cleat directions
Authors: Gong Fei , Li Bin , Kang Wujiang , Zou Guangui , Peng Suping , Zhang Zhaoji , Wang Guowei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCoalbed methane is a hot spot for gas exploration at present, and fractures are widely developed in the coals. However, despite being essential for a number of geophysical applications such as reservoir prediction and hydraulic fracturing, the influence of fractures on the elastic properties and anisotropy of coals is still poorly understood. Therefore, three groups of cylindrical coals were drilled along the face and butt cleat directions to study the effects of pressure and fracture on the elastic properties and anisotropy of tectonic coals. The velocity along the face cleat direction is less sensitive to the pressure than that along the butt cleat direction due to the difference in compliant pore and fracture content. Coals display a strong directional dependence in petrophysical and elastic properties. The permeabilities and velocities of samples along the butt cleat direction are much lower than those along the face cleat direction. The fracture densities are quantitatively characterized by the theoretical model. The values along the face cleat direction are much smaller than those along the butt cleat direction. The influence of fractures on the elastic properties and anisotropy is comprehensively studied by theoretical and laboratory methods. The mineralogy and fracture effects are important factors to the elastic anisotropy of coals, the latter can be a dominant factor to the coal elastic anisotropy. The results can contribute to the understanding of the cleat system of coalbed methane reservoir and can provide a critical rock physics basis for micro‐seismic fracture monitoring and reservoir prediction.
Microbial hitchhikers on microplastics: The exchange of aquatic microbes across distinct aquatic habitats
Authors: Vass Máté , Ramasamy Kesava Priyan , Andersson Agneta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroplastics (MPs) have the potential to modify aquatic microbial communities and distribute microorganisms, including pathogens. This poses a potential risk to aquatic life and human health. Despite this, the fate of ‘hitchhiking’ microbes on MPs that traverse different aquatic habitats remains largely unknown. To address this, we conducted a 50‐day microcosm experiment, manipulating estuarine conditions to study the exchange of bacteria and microeukaryotes between river, sea and plastisphere using a long‐read metabarcoding approach. Our findings revealed a significant increase in bacteria on the plastisphere, including Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, Hyphomonas, Brevundimonas, Aquabacterium and Thalassolituus, all of which are known for their pollutant degradation capabilities, specifically polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We also observed a strong association of plastic‐degrading fungi (i.e., Cladosporium and Plectosphaerella) and early‐diverging fungi (Cryptomycota, also known as Rozellomycota) with the plastisphere. Sea MPs were primarily colonised by fungi (70%), with a small proportion of river‐transported microbes (1%–4%). The mere presence of MPs in seawater increased the relative abundance of planktonic fungi from 2% to 25%, suggesting significant exchanges between planktonic and plastisphere communities. Using microbial source tracking, we discovered that MPs only dispersed 3.5% and 5.5% of river bacterial and microeukaryotic communities into the sea, respectively. Hence, although MPs select and facilitate the dispersal of ecologically significant microorganisms, drastic compositional changes across distinct aquatic habitats are unlikely.
Pre‐operative spine tumour embolization: Clinical outcomes and effect of embolization completeness
Authors: Omid‐Fard Nima , Salameh Jean‐Paul , McInnes Matthew DF , Fisher Charles G , Heran Manraj KS 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionTo assess the association between the impact of the completeness of pre‐operative spine tumour embolisation and clinical outcomes, including estimated blood loss (EBL), neurological status and complications.MethodsRetrospective chart review of all preoperative spine tumour embolisation procedures performed over 11 years by a single operator (2007–2018) at Vancouver General Hospital on 44 consecutive patients (mean age 57; 77% males) with 46 embolisation procedures, of which surgery was done en bloc in 26 cases and intralesional in the remaining 20. A multivariable negative binomial regression model was fit to examine the association between EBL and surgery type, tumour characteristics, embolisation completeness and operative duration.ResultsAmong intralesional surgeries, complete versus incomplete embolisation was associated with reduced blood loss (772 vs 1428 mL, P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference in neurological outcomes or complications between groups. Highly vascular tumours correlated with greater blood loss than their less vascular counterparts, but tumour location did not have a statistically significant effect.ConclusionThis study provides evidence in support of our hypothesis that complete as opposed to incomplete tumour embolisation correlates with reduced blood loss in intralesional surgeries. Randomised control trials with larger samples are necessary to confirm this benefit and to ascertain other potential clinical benefits.
Video game addiction is associated with early stage of inhibitory control problems: An event‐related potential study using cued Go/NoGo task
Authors: Fathi Mazyar , Pourrahimi Ali Mohammad , Poormohammad Ahmad , Sardari Sara , Rajizadeh Mohammad Amin , Mazhari Shahrzad , Pourkand Donya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVideo game addiction (VGA) is associated with cognitive problems, particularly deficits in inhibitory control. The present study aimed to investigate behavioural responses and event‐related potential associated with specific response inhibition using the cued Go/NoGo task to examine the effects of VGA on brain activity related to response inhibition. Twenty‐five individuals addicted to video games (action video games) and 25 matched healthy controls participated in the study. The results showed that the VGA group had significantly more commission error in the NoGo trials and faster reaction time in the Go trials compared with the control group. The event‐related potential analyses revealed significant reductions in amplitudes of N2 cue and N2 NoGo in the VGA group. While there was no significant difference between the N2 amplitudes of the Go and NoGo trials in the VGA group, the control group had a larger N2 amplitude in the NoGo trials. These results indicate that VGA subjects have difficulties in the early stages of response inhibition, as well as some level of impairment in proactive cognitive control.
An exploration of the genetics of the mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) gene in a cohort of patients with chorea from different ethnic groups in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Muthinja Mendi J , Guelngar Carlos Othon , Fall Maouly , Jama Fatumah , Shuja Huda Aldeen , Nambafu Jamila , Massi Daniel Gams , Ojo Oluwadamilola O. , Okubadejo Njideka U. , Taiwo Funmilola Tolulope , Diop Alassane Mamadou , de Chacus Coudjou J. D. G. , Cissé Fodé Abass , Cissé Amara , Hooker Juzar , Sokhi Dilraj , Houlden Henry , Rizig Mie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundAfricans are underrepresented in Huntington's disease (HD) research. A European ancestor was postulated to have introduced the mutant Huntingtin (mHtt) gene to the continent; however, recent work has shown the existence of a unique Htt haplotype in South‐Africa specific to indigenous Africans.ObjectiveWe aimed to investigate the CAG trinucleotide repeats expansion in the Htt gene in a geographically diverse cohort of patients with chorea and unaffected controls from sub‐Saharan Africa.MethodsWe evaluated 99 participants: 43 patients with chorea, 21 asymptomatic first‐degree relatives of subjects with chorea, and 35 healthy controls for the presence of the mHtt. Participants were recruited from 5 African countries. Additional data were collected from patients positive for the mHtt gene; these included demographics, the presence of psychiatric and (or) cognitive symptoms, family history, spoken languages, and ethnic origin. Additionally, their pedigrees were examined to estimate the number of people at risk of developing HD and to trace back the earliest account of the disease in each region.ResultsHD cases were identified in all countries. Overall, 53.4% of patients with chorea were carriers for the mHTT; median tract size was 45 CAG repeats. Of the asymptomatic relatives, 28.6% (6/21) were carriers for the mHTT; median tract size was 40 CAG. No homozygous carries were identified. Median CAG tract size in controls was 17 CAG repeats. Men and women were equally affected by HD. All patients with HD—bar three who were juvenile onset of <21 years—were defined as adult onset (median age of onset was 40 years). HD transmission followed an autosomal dominant pattern in 84.2% (16/19) of HD families. In familial cases, maternal transmission was higher 52.6% (10/19) than paternal transmission 36.8% (7/19). The number of asymptomatic individuals at risk of developing HD was estimated at ten times more than the symptomatic patients. HD could be traced back to the early 1900s in most African sites. HD cases spread over seven ethnic groups belonging to two distinct linguistic lineages separated from each other approximately 54–16 kya ago: Nilo‐Sahara and Niger‐Congo.ConclusionThis is the first study examining HD in multiple sites in sub‐Saharan Africa. We demonstrated that HD is found in multiple ethnic groups residing in five sub‐Saharan African countries including the first genetically confirmed HD cases from Guinea and Kenya. The prevalence of HD in the African continent, its associated socio‐economic impact, and genetic origins need further exploration and reappraisal.
Modeling the subcutaneous pharmacokinetics of antibodies co‐administered with rHuPH20
Authors: Nolan Ryan P. , Printz Marie A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPredicting the subcutaneous (SC) pharmacokinetics (PK) of antibodies in humans is challenging, with clinical data currently being the only reliable data source for modeling SC absorption and bioavailability. Recombinant human hyaluronidase PH20 (rHuPH20) is an enzyme that facilitates SC delivery of high‐dose, high‐volume therapeutics. Numerous monoclonal antibodies have been co‐administered SC with rHuPH20 in a clinical setting, establishing an extensive PK database. The goal of this work is to demonstrate how aggregated clinical data can be leveraged in a universal modeling framework for characterizing SC antibody PK, resulting in parameterization that can be used in predictive simulations of new antibodies. Data for 10 individual antibodies co‐administered SC with rHuPH20 were obtained from publicly available sources. PK modeling of each antibody was conducted using the same model structure, but uniquely parameterized. The model structure consisted of a two‐compartment model to capture linear kinetics, plus a target‐binding mechanism to accommodate nonlinear kinetics driven by antibody‐target complex formation and elimination. The clinical PK profiles for all antibodies were accurately described using the universal modeling framework. The SC PK parameters of absorption and bioavailability were consistent across the range of antibody and target properties evaluated. SC administration with rHuPH20 yielded a 30% increase in absorption rate on average and similar or better bioavailability. These parameter values can serve as initial conditions for model‐based PK predictions for new antibodies co‐administered SC with rHuPH20 to enable evaluation of optimal SC dose and schedule regimens prior to and during clinical development.
Learning strategies and procrastination as a function of need satisfaction and autonomous motivation: A diary study
Authors: Bakali Tahiri M. Jamal , Mouratidis And Athanasios 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWithin the framework of Self‐Determination Theory (SDT), basic psychological need satisfaction predicts quality of motivation which in turn predicts study efforts. Although studies focusing on interpersonal differences have repeatedly shown this sequence of relations, only a few have examined its stability at the intra‐personal level. In this diary study, we recruited 141 university students (M
age = 20.80, SD = 2.20 years) to investigate the degree of confluence among week‐to‐week need satisfaction, quality of motivation, learning strategies, and procrastination for four weeks. Multilevel structural equation modelling showed that need satisfaction covaried positively with autonomous motivation. In turn, week‐to‐week autonomous motivation predicted positively week‐to‐week critical thinking and effort regulation and negatively procrastination. These relations emerged even after controlling for gender, age, and study hours per week. Further, contextual autonomous motivation predicted higher mean levels of critical thinking and effort regulation and lower ones of procrastination. Interestingly, a cross‐level interaction supported the sensitivity hypothesis as the negative relation between need satisfaction and controlled motivation was only true among students who were high in contextual (pre‐diary assessed) controlled motivation. These findings highlight the importance of contextual motivation and the need to establish academic environments that consistently satisfy students' psychological needs, thus promoting the quality of motivation and adaptive learning strategies.
Sudden e‐learning: Exploring the role of user intention, enjoyment, and habit on university students' well‐being
Authors: Ficapal‐Cusí Pilar , Torrent‐Sellens Joan , Folgado‐Fernández José A. , Palos‐Sánchez Pedro R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuddenly, adjusting to a new way of learning is a major challenge for university students. The objective of this article was to study university student determinants of the well‐being in the context of the sudden transition towards e‐learning imposed by the COVID‐19 lockdown. Based on the antecedents linked to the structure of e‐learning and its influence on self‐management and ease of use, as well as using the mediating role of user intention, perceived enjoyment, and habits, a model was tested to find well‐being trajectories. Using a sample of 543 students from originally Spanish face‐to‐face universities and through a PLS‐SEM methodology, this research obtained relevant results in two main directions. First, research found that the self‐management and ease of use of e‐learning systems constitute direct antecedents of student well‐being. Furthermore, the research results confirmed two reinforcement itineraries of well‐being. The intention built an itinerary to reinforce ease of use, and perceived enjoyment added explanatory power to self‐management. However, the research also found a second explanatory and negative itinerary of sudden e‐learning student well‐being. This path of darkness is related to the adverse mediating effect exerted by the habit, understood from the perspective of technological dependence, when it interacts with perceived enjoyment. The article discusses their implications for educational strategy and policy, especially indicated for those e‐learning practices solely based on the enjoyment and immersion experience of their students.
How the fine arts create the finest students: A design thinking study
Authors: King Catherine R. P. , McCall Madelon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study addresses the problem of insufficient emphasis on art courses in helping students develop 21st‐century skills. As globalization continues, industries increasingly interconnect, creating a necessity for 21st‐century skills. Universities are responsible for equipping the next generation of scholars with the soft skills needed to succeed, such as creativity, adaptability, innovation and collaboration. However, universities disservice students and their future employers by isolating departments and overlooking collaboration opportunities. Rather than this narrow‐minded approach to education, academia must challenge the status quo and reflect on the needs of an increasingly globalized world. This research study used a qualitative single case study methodology based on constructivist learning theory and design thinking to analyse the effect of art education courses taken by non‐art majors on students' development of 21st‐century skills. The literature examines why a lack of emphasis on the arts exists and what skills students gain through arts exposure.
Group 1 ILCs: Heterogeneity, plasticity, and transcriptional regulation
Authors: Sudan Raki , Gilfillan Susan , Colonna Marco 
Published: April 2024

SummaryGroup 1 innate lymphoid cells (ILCs), comprising ILC1s and natural killer cells (NK cells), belong to a large family of developmentally related innate lymphoid cells that lack rearranged antigen‐specific receptors. NK cells and ILC1s both require the transcription factor T‐bet for lineage commitment but additionally rely on Eomes and Hobit, respectively, for their development and effector maturation programs. Both ILC1s and NK cells are essential for rapid responses against infections and mediate cancer immunity through production of effector cytokines and cytotoxicity mediators. ILC1s are enriched in tissues and hence generally considered tissue resident cells whereas NK cells are often considered circulatory. Despite being deemed different cell types, ILC1s and NK cells share many common features both phenotypically and functionally. Recent studies employing single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) technology have exposed previously unappreciated heterogeneity in group 1 ILCs and further broaden our understanding of these cells. Findings from these studies imply that ILC1s in different tissues and organs share a common signature but exhibit some unique characteristics, possibly stemming from tissue imprinting. Also, data from recent fate mapping studies employing Hobit, RORγt, and polychromic reporter mice have greatly advanced our understanding of the developmental and effector maturation programs of these cells. In this review, we aim to outline the fundamental traits of mouse group 1 ILCs and explore recent discoveries related to their developmental programs, phenotypic heterogeneity, plasticity, and transcriptional regulation.
Dental photography for children: A global survey
Authors: Alqadi Areej , O'Connell Anne C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundClinical photographs are now considered an essential element for accurate and objective dental records. Very little information exists on dental photography in children and the factors that can influence the dentist's decision to take dental photographs.AimThis study aimed to assess the current use, attitude and confidence of paediatric dentists using clinical dental photography of children worldwide.DesignThis was a cross‐sectional questionnaire‐based study distributed online to paediatric dentists around the globe.ResultsThe survey was completed by 390 dentists. The majority of participants (82.3%, n = 321) took dental photographs of their patients, and over 74% of the participants were confident in taking dental photographs. Sixty‐nine dentists (17.7%) did not take photographs. Seventy‐four per cent (n = 240) of those who take dental photographs and 47.8% (n = 33) of those who do not take dental photographs reported an effect on the child's behaviour. The majority of participants expressed interest in receiving further training.ConclusionMost paediatric dentists take dental photographs of their patients and value their role in the behavioural management of the child patient. Paediatric dentists need further training in children's dental photography, including guidance on proper image recording, storage and transfer.
Predictors of low‐voltage zones in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation eligible for catheter ablation: An observational study
Authors: Nordin Astrid Paul , Jensen‐Urstad Mats , Charitakis Emmanouil , Carnlöf Carina , Drca Nikola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe presence of low‐voltage zones (LVZs) in the left atrium (LA) is associated with the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) following pulmonary vein isolation (PVI). However, there is variability and conflict in the data regarding predictors of LVZs as reported in previous studies. The objective of this study was to identify predictors for the presence of LVZs in a cohort of patients with persistent AF.MethodsThe study prospectively enrolled 439 patients with persistent AF who were scheduled for ablation. Voltage map of the LA was collected using a multipolar catheter. An LVZ was defined as an area of ≥3 cm2 exhibiting a peak‐to‐peak bipolar voltage of <0.5 mV.ResultsThe mean age of the cohort was 65.3 ± 8.6 years and 26.4% were female. Additionally, 25.7% had significant LVZs, most frequently located in the anterior wall of the LA. Multivariable analysis identified the following independent predictors for LVZ: advanced age (OR [odds ratio] = 1.08, 95% CI [confidence interval] = 1.03–1.13, p = .002); female sex (OR = 4.83, 95% CI = 2.66–8.76, p < .001); coronary artery disease (CAD) (OR = 3.20, 95% CI = 1.32–7.77, p = .01) and enlarged LA diameter (OR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04–1.17, p = .001). The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the final model was 0.829.ConclusionApproximately 25% of the patients with persistent AF had LVZs. Advanced age, female sex, CAD, and a larger LA were independent predictors for LVZs with the model demonstrating a very good AUC for the ROC curve. These findings hold the potential to be used to tailor the ablation procedure for the individual patient.