bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gaze Control and Foot Kinematics During Stair Climbing: Characteristics Leading to Fall Risk in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Di Fabio Richard P , Zampieri Cris , Tuite Paul 
Published: December 2007

Background and PurposeDoes gaze control influence lower-extremity motor coordination in people with neurological deficits? The purpose of this study was to determine whether foot kinematics during stair climbing are influenced by gaze shifts prior to stair step initiation.Subjects and MethodsTwelve subjects with gaze palsy (mild versus severe) secondary to progressive supranuclear palsy were evaluated during a stair-climbing task in a cross-sectional study of mechanisms influencing eye-foot coordination. Infrared oculography and electromagnetic tracking sensors measured eye and foot kinematics, respectively. The primary outcome measures were vertical gaze fixation scores, foot lift asymmetries, and sagittal-plane foot trajectories.ResultsThe subjects with severe gaze palsy had significantly lower lag foot lift relative to lead foot lift than those with a mild form of gaze palsy. The lag foot trajectory for the subjects with severe gaze palsy tended to be low, with a heading toward contact with the edge of the stair. Subjects with severe gaze palsy were 28 times more likely to experience “fixation intrusion” (high vertical gaze fixation score) during an attempted shift of gaze downward than those with mild ocular motor deficits (odds ratio [OR]=28.3, 95% confidence interval [CI]=6.4–124.8). Subjects with severe gaze shift deficits also were 4 times more likely to have lower lag foot lift with respect to lead foot lift than those with mild ocular motor dysfunction (OR=4.0, 95% CI=1.7–9.7).Discussion and ConclusionThe small number of subjects and the variation in symptom profiles make the generalization of findings preliminary. Deficits in gaze control may influence stepping behaviors and increase the risk of trips or falls during stair climbing. Neural and kinematic hypotheses are discussed as possible contributing mechanisms.
Multiple hemangiomas in a patient with a t(3q;4p) translocation: An infrequent association with Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: Pardo Sherly , Blitman Netta , Han Bokyung , Cohen Ninette , Edelmann Lisa , Hirschhorn Kurt 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report on the clinical phenotype of an infant with a duplication of the terminal portion of the long arm of chromosome 3(q26.3‐qter) and a deletion of the terminal portion of the short arm of chromosome 4(p16.3) with multiple hemangiomas and a hamartoma. Patients with deletions of distal 4p have the characteristic features of Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS); whereas those with the distal duplication of 3q have a well recognized syndrome with some features resembling Cornelia‐de Lange syndrome (CdLS). Neither of these recognized chromosomal anomalies has been reported previously to be associated with multiple hemangiomas or other vascular malformations. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diagnosis of a terminal deletion of 4p with duplication of Xp22.31 in a patient with findings of Opitz G/BBB syndrome and Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome
Authors: So Joyce , Müller Ines , Kunath Melanie , Herrmann Susanne , Ullmann Reinhard , Schweiger Susann 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOpitz G/BBB syndrome (OS) is a congenital midline malformation syndrome characterized by hypertelorism, hypospadias, cleft lip/palate, laryngotracheoesophageal abnormalities, imperforate anus, developmental delay and cardiac defects. The X‐linked form is caused by mutations in the MID1 gene, while no gene has yet been identified for the autosomal dominant form. Here, we report on a 15‐year‐old boy who was referred for MID1 mutation analysis with findings typical of OS, including apparent hypertelorism, hypospadias, a history of feeding difficulties, dysphagia secondary to esophageal arteria lusoria, growth retardation and developmental delay. No MID1 mutation was found, but subsequent sub‐megabase resolution array CGH unexpectedly documented a 2.34 Mb terminal 4p deletion, suggesting a diagnosis of WHS, and a duplication in Xp22.31. Wolf–Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a contiguous gene deletion syndrome involving terminal chromosome 4p deletions, in particular 4p16.3. WHS is characterized by typical facial appearance (“Greek helmet facies”), mental retardation, congenital hypotonia, and growth retardation. While the severity of developmental delay in this patient supports the diagnosis of WHS rather than OS, this case illustrates the striking similarities of clinical findings in seemingly unrelated syndromes, suggesting common or interacting pathways at the molecular and pathogenetic level. This is the first report of arteria lusoria (esophageal vascular ring) in a patient with WHS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of interstitial Xp duplications in two families by tiling path array CGH
Authors: Tzschach Andreas , Chen Wei , Erdogan Fikret , Hoeller Adelheid , Ropers Hans‐Hilger , Castellan Claudio , Ullmann Reinhard , Schinzel Albert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDuplications of the short arm of the X chromosome in male patients are rare. We report on the clinical features of mentally retarded patients in two families with different interstitial duplications of Xp and their characterization by tiling path array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). In Family A, we detected a duplication of 9.3 Mb in Xp11p21 in a male with severe mental retardation [karyotype 46,XY,dup(X)(p11.3p21.1)] and his healthy mother. The clinical features of this patient—severe mental retardation, obesity, macrocephaly—are in accordance with those of a previously reported patient with a similar duplication. In Family B, a duplication of 8.5 Mb was diagnosed in Xp22 in three male patients with mental retardation [karyotype 46,XY,dup(X)(p22.11p22.2)] and two healthy females. Characterization of the duplications by array CGH enabled the identification of the genes within these intervals. These comprise known mental retardation genes such as MAOA, NDP, TM4SF2, NDP, RSK2, and CDKL5. Duplication of MAOA will be discussed as a possible cause of obesity. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A patient with the syndrome of megalencephaly, mega corpus callosum and complete lack of motor development
Authors: Dagli Aditi I. , Stalker Heather J. , Williams Charles A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe syndrome of megalencephaly, mega corpus callosum and complete lack of motor development (MCC; OMIM 603387) is an apparently rare condition since only three sporadic cases have been reported [Gohlich‐Ratmann et al. (1998); Am J Med Genet 79:161–167]. We describe an additional case that was not diagnosed until age 15 months. The MRI showed generalized, severe enlargement of the corpus callosum and thickening of the cortex. The cause for the MCC syndrome is unknown and both autosomal recessive and spontaneous dominant genetic mechanisms are possibilities. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcifications and cysts (CRMCC)
Authors: Briggs T.A. , Abdel‐Salam G.M.H. , Balicki M. , Baxter P. , Bertini E. , Bishop N. , Browne B.H. , Chitayat D. , Chong W.K. , Eid M.M. , Halliday W. , Hughes I. , Klusmann‐Koy A. , Kurian M. , Nischal K.K. , Rice G.I. , Stephenson J.B.P. , Surtees R. , Talbot J.F. , Tehrani N.N. , Tolmie J.L. , Toomes C. , van der Knaap M.S. , Crow Y.J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExtensive intracranial calcifications and leukoencephalopathy are seen in both Coats plus and leukoencephalopathy with calcifications and cysts (LCC; Labrune syndrome). Coats plus syndrome is additionally characterized by the presence of bilateral retinal telangiectasia and exudates while LCC shows the progressive formation of parenchymal brain cysts. Despite these apparently distinguishing features, recent evidence suggests that Coats plus and LCC represent the same clinical entity with a common primary pathogenesis involving a small vessel obliterative microangiopathy. Here, we describe eight previously unreported cases, and present an update on one of the original Coats plus patients to highlight the emerging core clinical features of the “cerebroretinal microangiopathy with calcification and cysts” (CRMCC) phenotype. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of observer presence on the behavior of Cebus capucinus in Costa Rica
Authors: Jack Katharine M. , Lenz Bryan B. , Healan Erin , Rudman Sara , Schoof Valérie A.M. , Fedigan Linda 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe report on the responses of Cebus capucinus in the Santa Rosa Sector of the Area de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica, to the presence of observers over a 4‐week period. Study groups were habituated to different degrees: (1) Cerco de Piedra (CP): continuous observations began in 1984; (2) Exclosure (EX): focus of an 18‐month study on males from 1998 to 1999; and (3) NBH: never studied/followed but the group frequently encounters researchers. We collected three types of data: group scans (group state was coded as calm or agitated at observer presence), focal animal data (observer‐directed behaviors were recorded), and fecal cortisol levels. The two less‐habituated groups (NBH and EX) differed significantly from the habituated group (CP) in their behavioral and cortisol responses, and they showed an increase in habituation over the study period (agitation and cortisol levels both dropped). Individuals in NBH also decreased their responses to observers during focal follows; however, at the end of the study the responses of the two less‐habituated groups (NBH and EX) remained elevated in comparison to the habituated group (CP), suggesting the need for further habituation. Unlike capuchin groups that rarely encounter humans, NBH and EX never fled from observers and they rarely emitted observer‐directed alarm calls. We suggest that the permanence of habituation and the ability to habituate animals passively through a neutral human presence are both important considerations for researchers conducting studies in areas where animal safety from poachers, etc. cannot be guaranteed. Am. J. Primatol. 70:490–494, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clade‐specific differences in neurotoxicity of human immunodeficiency virus‐1 B and C Tat of human neurons: significance of dicysteine C30C31 motif
Authors: Mishra Mamata , Vetrivel S. , Siddappa Nagadenahalli B. , Ranga Udaykumar , Seth Pankaj 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveHuman immunodeficiency virus‐1 (HIV‐1) causes mild to severe cognitive impairment and dementia. The transactivator viral protein, Tat, is implicated in neuronal death responsible for neurological deficits. Several clades of HIV‐1 are unequally distributed globally, of which HIV‐1 B and C together account for the majority of the viral infections. HIV‐1–related neurological deficits appear to be most common in clade B, but not clade C prevalent areas. Whether clade‐specific differences translate to varied neuropathogenesis is not known, and this uncertainty warrants an immediate investigation into neurotoxicity on human neurons of Tat derived from different viral cladesMethodsWe used human fetal central nervous system progenitor cell–derived astrocytes and neurons to investigate effects of B‐ and C‐Tat on neuronal cell death, chemokine secretion, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial membrane depolarization by direct and indirect damage to human neurons. We used isogenic variants of Tat to gain insights into the role of the dicysteine motif (C30C31) for neurotoxic potential of TatResultsOur results suggest clade‐specific functional differences in Tat‐induced apoptosis in primary human neurons. This study demonstrates that C‐Tat is relatively less neurotoxic compared with B‐Tat, probably as a result of alteration in the dicysteine motif within the neurotoxic region of B‐TatInterpretationThis study provides important insights into differential neurotoxic properties of B‐ and C‐Tat, and offers a basis for distinct differences in degree of HIV‐1–associated neurological deficits observed in patients in India. Additional studies with patient samples are necessary to validate these findings. Ann Neurol 2007
The DNA puff 4C expresses a salivary secretion protein in Trichosia pubescens (Diptera; Sciaridae)
Authors: Andrioli Luiz Paulo , Gorab Eduardo , Amabis José Mariano 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDNA puffs are genomic regions of polytene chromosomes that undergo developmentally controlled DNA amplification and transcription in salivary glands of sciarid flies. Here, we tested the hypothesis that DNA puff genes code for salivary proteins in Trichosia pubescens. To do that, we generated antibodies against saliva and immunoscreened a cDNA library made from salivary glands. We isolated clones corresponding to DNA puff regions, including clone D‐50 that contained the entire coding sequence of the previously isolated C4B1 gene from puff 4C. Indeed, we showed that puff 4C is a DNA puff region detecting its local transcription and its extra rounds of DNA incorporation compared to neighboring regions. We further confirmed D‐50 clone identity in Western blots reacted with the anti‐saliva anitiserum. We detected a recombinant protein expressed by this clone that had the expected size for a full‐length product of the gene. We end with a discussion of the relationship between DNA puff genes and their products. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved co‐oxidation of β‐carotene to β‐ionone using xanthine oxidase‐generated reactive oxygen species in a multiphasic system
Authors: Ly Mai Huong , Hoang Lan Cao , Belin Jean‐Marc , Waché Yves 
Published: December 2007

Abstractβ‐Ionone, an aroma compound exhibiting flower notes, can be obtained from β‐carotene in a cooxidation system utilizing xanthine oxidase‐generated reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS have to be controlled as, although they can give rise to β‐ionone, they may also degrade it. In this work, the biotransformation of β‐carotene into β‐ionone was investigated in systems containing variable proportions of decane to extract β‐ionone before degradation. The use of 50% or 90% decane resulted in increased production yields. Tween 80, which was added to further improve the production, slightly decreased the reactivity of the medium and the extraction of β‐carotene, but increased the extraction of β‐ionone. In total, the addition of Tween 80 significantly improved the yields of conversion, which reached 34% with 50% decane and 2.5 g/L Tween 80 compared to 10% without decane and Tween 80. These results show that it is possible to control a ROS‐mediated reaction by the addition of a solvent phase and by modifing the medium composition.
Statistical methods for efficiency adjusted real‐time PCR quantification
Authors: Yuan Joshua S. , Wang Donglin , Stewart C. Neal 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe statistical treatment for hypothesis testing using real‐time PCR data is a challenge for quantification of gene expression. One has to consider two key factors in precise statistical analysis of real‐time PCR data: a well‐defined statistical model and the integration of amplification efficiency (AE) into the model. Previous publications in real‐time PCR data analysis often fall short in integrating the AE into the model. Novel, user‐friendly, and universal AE‐integrated statistical methods were developed for real‐time PCR data analysis with four goals. First, we addressed the definition of AE, introduced the concept of efficiency‐adjusted ΔΔCt, and developed a general mathematical method for its calculation. Second, we developed several linear combination approaches for the estimation of efficiency adjusted ΔΔCt and statistical significance for hypothesis testing based on different mathematical formulae and experimental designs. Statistical methods were also adopted to estimate the AE and its equivalence among the samples. A weighted ΔΔCt method was introduced to analyze the data with multiple internal controls. Third, we implemented the linear models with SAS programs and analyzed a set of data for each model. In order to allow other researchers to use and compare different approaches, SAS programs are included in the Supporting Information. Fourth, the results from analysis of different statistical models were compared and discussed. Our results underline the differences between the efficiency adjusted ΔΔCt methods and previously published methods, thereby better identifying and controlling the source of errors introduced by real‐time PCR data analysis.
Readability in the British Journal of Surgery
Authors: Hayden J D 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
Readability scores predict the ease with which a document can be read and understood. Identification of the factors that affect readability might improve the quality of surgical literature.

Methods
Electronic copies of submitted, peer reviewed and edited manuscripts of 189 articles published in the British Journal of Surgery from March 2006 to April 2007 were studied. Flesch reading ease scores were calculated for each version. Type of article (meta-analysis, review, randomized trial or other original paper), first language of principal author, number of peer revisions and editor were recorded.

Results
Flesch score varied according to type of article (P = 0·004). The mean readability score was lower when English was the first language of the principal author (P = 0·016). There was no significant difference in mean Flesch score between the submitted and accepted (peer reviewed) manuscripts, but a significant increase occurred after editing (P &lt; 0·001), which did not vary between editors.

Conclusion
Several factors influence readability. Knowledge of such factors might help authors to improve their scientific writing.
Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for generalized peritonitis due to perforated diverticulitis
Authors: Myers E , Hurley M , O'Sullivan G C , Kavanagh D , Wilson I , Winter D C 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
The standard approach to generalized peritonitis due to perforated diverticulitis involves open surgery and diversion of faecal content. This study assessed the feasibility of laparoscopic peritoneal lavage.

Methods
A prospective multi-institutional study of 100 patients was undertaken. All consenting patients with perforated diverticulitis causing generalized peritonitis underwent attempted laparoscopic peritoneal lavage. The degree of peritonitis, according to the Hinchey grading system, was recorded. Primary endpoints were operative success and resolution of symptoms.

Results
Patients had a median age of 62·5 (range 39–94) years, a male : female ratio of 2 : 1 and a median American Society of Anesthesiologists grade of III (range II–V). Eight patients with grade 4 diverticulitis had conversion to an open Hartmann's procedure. The remaining 92 patients were managed by laparoscopic lavage, with morbidity and mortality rates of 4 and 3 per cent respectively. Two patients required postoperative intervention for a pelvic abscess. Only two patients re-presented with diverticulitis at a median follow up of 36 (range 12–84) months.

Conclusion
Laparoscopic management of perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis is feasible, with a low recurrence risk in the short term.
Genetic susceptibility in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lochan R , Daly A K , Reeves H L , Charnley R M 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
The strongest risk factors for pancreatic adenocarcinoma are tobacco smoking and increasing age. However, only a few smokers or elderly individuals develop the disease and genetic factors are also likely to be important.

Methods
The literature on genetic factors modifying susceptibility to cancer was reviewed, with particular regard to the interindividual variation that exists in the development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

Results
Tobacco-derived carcinogen-metabolizing enzyme gene variants have been the main area of study in stratifying the risk of sporadic pancreatic cancer. Inconsistent results have emerged from the few molecular epidemiological studies performed.

Conclusion
There is great scope for further investigation of critical pathways and unidentified genetic influences may be revealed. This may eventually allow the identification of individuals at high risk who might be targeted for screening.
ChemInform Abstract: Stuffed Graphite‐Like vs. Stuffed Diamond‐Like Structures of the 18 Valence Electron Compounds REAuSn (RE: Sc, Y, La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Lu)
Authors: Lee Changhoon , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Koehler Juergen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure and Properties of Gd3Ge4: The Orthorhombic Ln3Ge4 Structures Revisited (Ln: Y, Tb—Tm).
Authors: Tobash Paul H. , DiFilippo Gary , Bobev Svilen , Hur Namjung , Thompson Joe D. , Sarrao John L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Planar versus Puckered Nets in the Polar Intermetallic Series EuGaTt (Tt: Si, Ge, Sn).
Authors: You Tae‐Soo , Grin Yuri , Miller Gordon J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogenation of the Kondo Compound CePtIn.
Authors: Hermes Wilfried , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Chevalier Bernard , Poettgen Rainer 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An ab initio Study of Lithium Diffusion in Titanium Disulfide Nanotubes.
Authors: Tibbetts Kevin , Miranda Caetano R. , Meng Ying S. , Ceder Gerbrand 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Growth, Single‐Crystal Structure Refinement and Unusual Ligand‐Field Splittings of Lazulite‐Type Oxidephosphates MTi2O2(PO4)2 (M: FeII, CoII, NiII).
Authors: Schoeneborn M. , Glaum R 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Excitations in Cu6 and Mn6 Hexagons Embedded in D3d‐Symmetric Polyoxotungstates.
Authors: Zamstein Noa , Tarantul Alex , Tsukerblat Boris 
Published: December 2007

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.