bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Baseline Participant Characteristics at Enrollment in the Zoster Eye Disease Study
Authors: Prescott Christina R. , Cohen Elisabeth J. , Hochman Judith S. , Troxel Andrea B. , Lu Ying , Twi-Yeboah Alberta , Jimenez Carlos Lopez , Mian Shahzad I. , Mazen Choulakian Y. , Warner David B. , Baratz Keith H. , Jeng Bennie H. ,   on behalf of the ZEDS Trial Research Group
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
The Zoster Eye Disease Study (ZEDS) is the first randomized clinical trial to study the efficacy of long-term (1 year) suppressive valacyclovir treatment on herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) outcomes. This article details the baseline characteristics of participants.

Methods:

Setting:
The study was set at 95 participating clinical centers in 33 states, Canada, and New Zealand.

Study Population:
Immunocompetent adults with a history of a characteristic HZO unilateral rash and documentation of an episode of active dendriform epithelial keratitis, stromal keratitis, endothelial keratitis, or iritis within the preceding year, enrolled in ZEDS from November 2017 to January 2023.

Intervention:
Participants were randomized to double-masked oral valacyclovir 1 gm daily versus placebo for 1 year of treatment and followed for 18 months.

Results:
Five hundred twenty-seven participants were enrolled across 4 strata according to age at HZO onset (younger or older than 60 years) and duration of HZO at enrollment (less or greater than 6 months), with an even distribution of men and women and a median age of 60 years. More participants with recent (57%, 300/527) than chronic HZO and younger than 60 years at HZO onset (54%, 286/527) were enrolled. Most participants were treated acutely with a recommended antiviral regimen (91%, 480/527) and had not been vaccinated against zoster (79%, 418/527).

Conclusions:
The broad ZEDS study population enhances the likelihood that ZEDS will provide generalizable high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of suppressive valacyclovir for HZO immunocompetent adults and whether it should become standard of care.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03134196.
Safety and efficacy of capsular tension ring and capsular hook implantation for managing ectopia lentis in Marfan syndrome: real-world study
Authors: Chen Zexu , Jia Wannan , Chen Tianhui , Shen Xin , Wang Yalei , Sun Yang , Jiang Yongxiang 
Published: February 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of capsular tension ring and capsular hook (CTR-CH) implantation in Marfan syndrome (MFS) patients with ectopia lentis (EL).

Setting:
Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Design:
Retrospective propensity score–matched cohort study.

Methods:
This study included patients with MFS who had in-the-bag intraocular lens (IOL) implantation assisted by CTR-CH or modified CTR (MCTR). The safety analysis focused on the resurgery rate. The efficacy analysis compared the corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) and the incidence of laser capsulotomy after propensity score matching (PSM).

Results:
This study encompassed 148 eyes that had the CTR-CH procedure and 162 eyes that received MCTR implantation. In the CTR-CH group, the median age at the time of surgery was 5 years, with a mean follow-up duration of 1.81 ± 0.4 years. 5 eyes (3.38%) required a second surgery because of retinal detachment (2, 1.35%), IOL decentration (2, 1.35%), and CH dislocation (1, 0.68%). The resurgery rate was comparable with that of the MCTR group (P = .486). After PSM, a total of 108 eyes were recruited in each group. Postoperative CDVA was significantly improved in both groups (both P < .001), but comparable between the groups (P = .057). The posterior capsular opacification took place earlier (P = .046) while the anterior capsular opacification required laser capsulotomy at a later stage (P = .037) compared with the MCTR group.

Conclusions:
The CTR-CH procedure was a feasible, safe, and efficient approach for managing EL in patients with MFS.
‘Evaluation of beta-2-microglobulin and neuron-specific enolase as prognostic factors in patients over 65 years of age with frailty syndrome hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome’
Authors: Nowak Wojciech , Kowalik Ilona , Stępińska Janina 
Published: February 2024

Background
The aim of the study is to assess the value of beta-2-microglobulin (B2M) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) as prognostic factors in the population of patients over 65 years of age with frailty hospitalized due to acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods
Patients aged ≥65 years with ACS were included. Assessment of frailty was carried out using the FRAIL scale. The measurement of NSE and B2M was carried out three times during hospitalization: (1) at the time of admission, (2) on the second day of hospitalization, (3) on the seventh day of hospitalization, or the day of discharge if it was before the seventh day. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, and the secondary endpoint was unscheduled rehospitalization.

Results
Of the 127 patients, frailty was identified in 39.3%. Multivariate analysis of variance showed significantly higher levels of NSE (P = 0.012) and B2M (P < 0.001) in patients with frailty compared to the nonfrail group and significant changes in marker levels during hospitalization - decreased NSE (P < 0.001) and increased B2M levels (P < 0.001). Elevated B2M-1 level was an independent marker of the occurrence of frailty [odds ratio (OR), 1.98 (1.09–4.00); P = 0.044], and the optimal cutoff point for the diagnosis of frailty was 2.85 mg/l [area under the curve (AUC), 0.718 (0.632–0.795)] with sensitivity 52% and specificity 84.4% (P < 0.001). Elevated NSE-3 level was associated with all-cause mortality, and each 1 ng/ml increase in NSE-3 increased the risk of death by 1.07-fold [OR, 1.07 (1.03–1.10]). Meanwhile, elevated B2M-3 level was associated with unscheduled rehospitalization, and each 1 mg/l increase in B2M-3 increased the risk of unscheduled rehospitalization by 1.21-fold [OR, 1.21 (1.03–1.42)]. The Harrell’s C-index for all-cause mortality was higher for NSE-3 [0.820 (95% confidence interval {CI}, 0.706–0.934)] compared to frailty assessed by the FRAIL scale [0.715 (95% CI, 0.580–0.850)], which means that additional NSE-3 assessment may improve the prediction of all-cause mortality. However, Uno’s C-Statistic analysis showed that the difference was not statistically significant (Pr>chi-square 0.556). Harrell’s C-index for unscheduled rehospitalization was higher for frailty assessed by the FRAIL scale compared to B2M-3.

Conclusion
Monitoring NSE and B2M marker levels in patients over 65 years of age with frailty and ACS does not provide additional benefits in terms of prognostic ability compared to tests assessing frailty. B2M, assessed upon hospital admission and monitoring NSE and B2M levels during hospitalization may be considered in the diagnosis of frailty and risk stratification in a group of patients for whom currently available frailty diagnostic tools cannot be used.
The likelihood of detecting abnormal karyotypes in fetuses with a single major anomaly or “soft” marker on ultrasonographic scanning
Authors: Petrovic Bojana , Milicevic Srboljub , Sljivancanin Dragisa , Zdelar Stojanovic Ljiljana , Stamenkovic Jelena , Grk Milka , Dusanovic Pjevic Marija 
Published: February 2024

Objective
Fetuses with abnormal karyotypes often exhibit distinctive ultrasonographic markers, including major anomalies and “soft” markers, indicating potential chromosomal issues. A crucial consideration arises when a single fetal anomaly is detected, raising the question of whether karyotyping is warranted, given the associated procedural risks. Our objective was to establish correlations between single fetal anomalies identified through ultrasound and chromosomal abnormalities.

Methods
A cross-sectional study analyzed the karyotype of 1493 fetuses and detected a single ultrasonographic anomaly over a 16-year period. Karyotyping was performed using the standard karyotype technique. Moreover, data regarding the type of anomaly detected ultrasonographically, karyotype results, and outcomes following interventions were collected. Among other methods, the use of positive likelihood ratios (LR+) was used to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound compared to karyotyping.

Results
In total, an aberrant karyotype was identified in 99 fetuses (6.6%). This was most commonly observed in cases involving a “soft” marker, occurring in 27 out of 218 fetuses (12.4%). The most frequently detected aberrant karyotype resulted from aneuploidies (80.6% of cases), notably trisomy 21 (50.5%). “Soft” markers predicted chromosomal issues (LR+ = 1.9; OR = 2.4), and isolated polyhydramnios (LR+ = 1.54; OR = 1.6) showed significance in predicting fetal chromosomal aberrations.

Conclusion
When assessing the necessity for karyotyping in fetuses with single major anomalies or “soft” markers, it is crucial to consider individual risks for chromosomopathies, including the LR+ of the detected marker. In cases where fetuses exhibit isolated anomalies with a normal karyotype, additional diagnostic measures, such as molecular cytogenetic and molecular genetics techniques, may become necessary.
Lung infections due to emerging fungal pathogens
Authors: Machiavello Roman Francisco J. , Pischel Lauren , Azar Marwan M. 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
This review highlights the epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical management of pulmonary infections caused by emerging fungal organisms.

Recent findings
Emerging fungal infections have arisen as a result of population and environmental changes. An enlarging pool of immunocompromised hosts on triazole antifungal prophylaxis has led to an increased incidence of non-Aspergillus molds, such as Fusarium, Scedosporium and Lomentospora spp. Advances in diagnostic capabilities led to the identification of the Emergomyces genus and non-dermatitidis Blastomyces species, which have a significant disease burden in Africa and the Middle East. Climate change has contributed to changing the distribution of previously confined endemic mycoses, like coccidioidomycosis and talaromycosis. These emerging organisms pose important diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Summary
Newly recognized pathogenic fungi and established endemic mycoses with expanding geographic boundaries have become important agents of pulmonary disease. There is a dearth of clinical evidence on the appropriate management of these infections.
The changing landscape of infections in the lung transplant recipient
Authors: Lum Jessica , Koval Christine 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Infections in lung transplant recipients remain a major challenge and can affect lung allograft function and cause significant morbidity and mortality. New strategies for the prevention and treatment of infection in lung transplantation have emerged and are reviewed.

Recent findings
For important vaccine preventable infections (VPIs), guidance has been updated for at risk solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. However, data on the efficacy of newer vaccines in lung transplant, including the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine, are limited. Studies demonstrate improved vaccination rate with Infectious Diseases consultation during pretransplant evaluation. Two new antiviral agents for the treatment and prevention of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in SOT, letermovir and maribavir, are being incorporated into clinical care. CMV-specific cell-mediated immune function assays are more widely available. Antibiotics for the management of multidrug resistant pathogens and Burkholderia cepacia complex have been described in case series and case reports in lung transplant.

Summary
Although new vaccines and novel therapies for preventing and treating infections are available, larger studies evaluating efficacy in lung transplant recipients are needed.
Disparities across the continuum of lung cancer care: a review of recent literature
Authors: Kearney Lauren , Nguyen Tatyana , Steiling Katrina 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Health disparities have long been noted in lung cancer incidence and survival and persist across the continuum of care. Understanding the gaps in care that arise from disparities in lung cancer risk, screening, treatment, and survivorship are essential to guiding efforts to achieve equitable care.

Recent findings
Recent literature continues to show that Black people, women, and people who experience socioeconomic disadvantage or live in rural areas experience disparities throughout the spectrum of lung cancer care. Contributing factors include structural racism, lower education level and health literacy, insurance type, healthcare facility accessibility, inhaled carcinogen exposure, and unmet social needs. Promising strategies to improve lung cancer care equity include policy to reduce exposure to tobacco smoke and harmful pollutants, more inclusive lung cancer screening eligibility criteria, improved access and patient navigation in lung cancer screening, diagnosis and treatment, more deliberate offering of appropriate surgical and medical treatments, and improved availability of survivorship and palliative care.

Summary
Given ongoing disparities in lung cancer care, research to determine best practices for narrowing these gaps and to guide policy change are an essential focus of future lung cancer research.
Jejunal angiodysplasia: surgery can be life-saving – a case report
Authors: Dabora Abderrahaim A. , Nogoud Alaedeen , Abdulsakhi Muntasir , Rafei Ahmed , Khalifa Hossam A. 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Angiodysplasia, a rare cause of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations from anemia to life-threatening hemorrhage. This case study emphasizes the significance of considering intestinal vascular malformations as a differential diagnosis, especially in the context of chronic anemia and GI bleeding. Jejunal angiodysplasia, though infrequent, poses diagnostic challenges due to the hidden nature of the small bowel in the GI system.

Case presentation:
A 23-year-old male presented with acute hematochezia and melena, necessitating prompt intervention. Despite a normal esophagogastroduodenoscopy, colonoscopy was hindered, CT angiography could not be performed due to the patient’s unstable condition, leading to a planned exploratory laparotomy. Surgical exploration revealed a mucosal vascular lesion in the jejunum, prompting resection, and anastomosis. The patient’s postoperative course was uneventful, reinforcing the importance of swift diagnosis and intervention.

Clinical discussion:
Angiodysplasia’s pathogenesis remains unclear, with hypotheses implicating vascular endothelial growth factor and submucosal changes. Challenges in management revolve around lesion localization and stabilizing hemodynamics, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach. While endoscopy is often diagnostic and therapeutic, advanced modalities such as CT angiography may be required. Literature review highlights diverse presentations and successful interventions, including embolization and surgical resection.

Conclusion:
Jejunal angiodysplasia demands a comprehensive diagnostic and therapeutic strategy. The presented case underscores the pivotal role of endoscopy, embolization, and surgery in managing this condition. Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial for mitigating the impact of angiodysplasia, necessitating further research and collaborative efforts for improved management of this rare condition.
Comparison of cystectomy and lobectomy of lung hydatid cyst in pediatrics: a retrospective study
Authors: Behnia Kaveh , Shojaeian Reza , Mazandarani Fasihe , Bahrami Taqanaki Pegah , Ameri Leila , Shirzadeh Sepehr , Parvizi Mashhadi Mahdi 
Published: February 2024

Objective:
Hydatid cyst is an endemic disease in Iran. The treatment of choice for pediatric lung hydatid cysts is surgical removal of the cyst. However, due to its high prevalence the risk of recurrence after the surgery, cystectomy with capitonnage, which preserves the lung tissue, is a favorable surgical approach compared to lobectomy. Herein, we compared the outcome of cystectomy and lobectomy of lung hydatid cysts.

Methods & Materials:
This is a retrospective study conducted in the pediatric surgery department. Pediatric patients who had undergone surgery due to pulmonary hydatid cysts were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups including cystectomy and non-anatomic lobectomy. Then, the length of surgery, length of hospitalization, postoperative complications, and the time required to remove the chest tube were calculated in each group.

Results:
A total of 32 patients were enrolled in this retrospective study. Age, sex, location, and size of cysts were not significantly different between the two groups. The duration of surgery in the lobectomy and cystectomy groups was 116.3±33.7 versus 116.1±28.2 minutes, respectively (P=0.53). Surgery complications including the need for blood transfusion, pneumothorax, need for bronchoscopy and atelectasis were not different between the study groups. The mean time for first chest tube removal was significantly different between the groups with the lobectomy group having a shorter time (P=0.02). The length of hospital and ICU stay were not different between the two surgical procedures. The time to remove the first chest tube was significantly higher in cystectomy compared to lobectomy (P=0.02).

Conclusion:
The complications and outcome of the cystectomy are comparable to the lobectomy technique. However, the cystectomy method has the advantage of preserving the lung tissue, therefore it’s a favorable technique in endemic areas for hydatid cysts where reoperation may be indicated.
Adherence to penicillin treatment is essential for effective secondary prevention of rheumatic heart disease: a systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Ambari Ade M. , Radi Basuni , Dwiputra Bambang , Arityanti Dean , Rikl Thomas , Inggriani Maria P. , Qhabibi Faqrizal Ria , Susilowati Eliana , Makes Indira Kalyana , Rudiktyo Estu , Cramer Maarten J. , Doevendans Pieter , Setianto Budhi , Santoso Anwar 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Penicillin is essential for secondary prevention of acute rheumatic fever (ARF) and rheumatic heart disease (RHD). However, the incidences of ARF recurrence and RHD progression remain high, particularly in endemic countries. This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of penicillin adherence in secondary prevention of ARF recurrence and RHD progression.

Methods:
We included original articles employing an observational study design in which the study population included patients with ARF or RHD and documented adherence to secondary prophylaxis with penicillin for secondary prevention. Systematic searches of the PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane databases were performed. Moreover, we also conducted a snowballing literature search from Europe PMC to expand the included studies. The quality of each study was assessed using the National Institute of Health Quality Assessment Tool. The statistical analyses were conducted using Review Manager 5.4.1 software developed by Cochrane. In addition, we utilized pooled odds ratios (ORs) to compare the adherence techniques.

Results:
A total of 310 studies were identified, of which 57 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. We included six studies with 1,364 patients for the qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Good adherence to penicillin for the secondary prophylaxis of ARF and RHD, significantly reduced the odds of ARF recurrence or RHD progression by up to 71% compared to that associated with poor adherence (pooled OR 0.29 [0.21−0.40]; I²=0% [p=0.56]; Z=7.64 [p <0.00001]).

Conclusion:
Good adherence to penicillin for secondary prophylaxis in patients with ARF or RHD is essential for reducing the risk of ARF recurrence or RHD progression.
Awake brain mapping by direct cortical stimulation; technical note to get higher resection rate and low morbidity in low grade glioma patients
Authors: Ahmed Khan Robert , Rahman Md Moshiur , Ziauddin Md. , Chowdhury Muhtamim , Hasan Mahbub 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
Direct cortical stimulation has been used for brain mapping and localization of eloquent areas in awake patients. This simplified technique is to provide the positive areas which can be preserved if the tumor or lesions are involved eloquent areas.

Objective:
The main objective of this study is to determine whether direct cortical stimulation in awake brain mapping for low-grade glioma patients increases the rate of resection or not.

Method:
We present a retrospective study between 2020 to 2022 that includes 35 cases in a single center, to get higher resection rate, and their consequences in awake craniotomy in low grade glioma patients. Here two neurosurgeons were involved and the minimum follow-up was twelve months.

Results:
We achieved 80% removal of tumors. To get higher resection rate we emphasized negative mapping with prior anatomical analysis to understand functional realignment. Stimulation-related complications will be thoroughly discussed with a potential future direction to minimize the issues. We used PROMIS score to measure patients physical and mental health status and kernofsky score to measure performance status before and after successful surgery. We found 3 cases of transient deficit in repetitive stimulation. Repeated stimulation to identify the eloquent areas with low voltage frequency is a good option. Numbness in the face related to stimulation may continue for 6 weeks.

Conclusion:
Functional realignment in shifted brain and edema can be seen while doing cortical and subcortical stimulation. Most of the stimulation from low to high for language mapping may vary from patient to patient. For safe removal of low grade glioma a steep learning curve is needed to find out the negative areas, though we emphasize positive mapping of areas to secure the maximum eloquence.
Post-traumatic gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm in paediatrics: a compelling case report highlighting early diagnosis and successful endovascular embolization
Authors: katwal Shailendra , Chataut Dinesh , Suwal Sundar , Thapa Ajit , Paudel Pratiksha , Bhandari Sushmita 
Published: February 2024

Introduction and importance:
This manuscript underscores the critical significance of prompt diagnosis and intervention in cases of post-traumatic gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms. Such occurrences, particularly in the paediatric population, are rare but potentially life-threatening complications following abdominal trauma, necessitating heightened clinical awareness. Despite their rarity, the devastating consequences of delayed recognition and management emphasize the necessity for advanced imaging modalities and individualized treatment strategies.

Case presentation:
A 17-year-old male presented with severe epigastric pain following a football fall. Despite initial stability, persistent symptoms prompted further investigation. Conventional screening methods proved inconclusive, leading to a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan that revealed a gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysm. The subsequent fluoroscopy-guided angiography and successful embolization using glue exemplify the importance of timely intervention in such cases.

Conclusion:
This case highlights the importance of early recognition and appropriate intervention in post-traumatic gastroduodenal artery pseudoaneurysms. The successful outcome achieved through endovascular embolization underscores the necessity for vigilant monitoring and tailored management strategies in similar clinical scenarios.