bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interaction before conflict and conflict resolution in pre‐school boys with language impairment
Authors: Horowitz Laura , Jansson Liselotte , Ljungberg Tomas , Hedenbro Monica 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground: Children with language impairment (LI) experience social difficulties, including conflict management. The factors involved in peer‐conflict progression in pre‐school children with LI, and which of these processes may differ from pre‐school children with typical language development (TL), is therefore examined.Aims: To describe the relationship between opponents interacting before conflict, aberrant conflict causes, the conflict‐resolution strategy reconciliation (i.e. friendly contact between former opponents shortly following conflict termination), and conflict outcome in the form of social interaction after a conflict has run its course. It is hypothesized that without social interaction before conflict, children with LI will experience increased difficulties attaining reconciliation.Methods & Procedures: Unstructured play of 11 boys with LI (4–7 years old), at a specialized language pre‐school, and 20 boys with TL (4–6 years old), at mainstream pre‐schools, were video filmed. Conflicts were identified and recorded according to a validated coding system. Recorded conflict details include social interaction between conflict in the pre‐conflict period, behavioural sequences constituting conflict cause (conflict period), reconciliatory behaviours in the post‐conflict period, and social interaction between former opponents in the succeeding non‐conflict period. The group's mean proportion of individual children's conflicts in which specific behavioural sequences occurred were calculated and compared between and within the groups.Outcomes & Results: When conflicts with and without pre‐conflict social interaction were analysed separately, aberrant caused conflicts occurred more often in LI group conflicts than in TL group conflicts. However, in conflicts without social interaction in the pre‐conflict period, boys with LI exhibit reconciliatory behaviours in, and reconcile a comparatively smaller proportion of, conflicts. Social interaction in the succeeding non‐conflict period was proportionately less for boys with LI. This appears to stem from lower reconciliation rates in LI conflicts that do not begin with social interaction in the pre‐conflict period. It was also confounded by the larger number of aberrant caused LI conflicts that were rarely reconciled. In turn, non‐reconciliation and aberrant caused conflicts were independently associated with comparatively less social interaction in the succeeding non‐conflict period.Conclusions: The results suggest that in addition to traditional psycholinguistic training, children with LI may gain from interventions that support concluding behavioural turns, as in aberrant caused conflicts; and in initiating contact in conflict situations, even when a frame of reference is not immediately available, as was the case when opponents have not established social interaction in the pre‐conflict period.
Inferring causal relationships among intermediate phenotypes and biomarkers: a case study of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Li Wentian , Wang Mingyi , Irigoyen Patricia , Gregersen Peter K. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMotivation: Genetic association analysis is based on statistical correlations which do not assign any cause-to-effect arrows between the two correlated variables. Normally, such assignment of cause and effect label is not necessary in genetic analysis since genes are always the cause and phenotypes are always the effect. However, among intermediate phenotypes and biomarkers, assigning cause and effect becomes meaningful, and causal inference can be useful.Results: We show that causal inference is possible by an example in a study of rheumatoid arthritis. With the help of genotypic information, the shared epitope, the causal relationship between two biomarkers related to the disease, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) has been established. We emphasize the fact that third variable must be a genotype to be able to resolve potential ambiguities in causal inference. Two non-trivial conclusions have been reached by the causal inference: (1) anti-CCP is a cause of RF and (2) it is unlikely that a third confounding factor contributes to both anti-CCP and RF.Contact: wli@nslij-genetics.org
DRTF: a database of rice transcription factors
Authors: Gao Ge , Zhong Yingfu , Guo Anyuan , Zhu Qihui , Tang Wen , Zheng Weimou , Gu Xiaocheng , Wei Liping , Luo Jingchu 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Summary: DRTF contains 2025 putative transcription factors (TFs) in Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica and 2384 in ssp. japonica, distributed in 63 families, identified by computational prediction and manual curation. It includes detailed annotations of each TF including sequence features, functional domains, Gene Ontology assignment, chromosomal localization, EST and microarray expression information, as well as multiple sequence alignment of the DNA-binding domains for each TF family. The database can be browsed and searched with a user-friendly web interface.
Availability: DRTF is available at
Contact: drtf@mail.cbi.pku.edu.cn
Production and characterization of auxin‐insensitive rice by overexpression of a mutagenized rice IAA protein
Authors: Nakamura Ayako , Umemura Iichiro , Gomi Kenji , Hasegawa Yasuko , Kitano Hidemi , Sazuka Takashi , Matsuoka Makoto 
Published: March 2006

SummarySince auxin was first isolated and characterized as a plant hormone, the underlying molecular mechanism of auxin signaling has been elucidated primarily in dicot plants represented by Arabidopsis. In monocot plants, the molecular mechanism of auxin signaling has remained unclear, despite various physiological experiments. To understand the function and mechanism of auxin signaling in rice (Oryza sativa), we focused on the IAA gene, a well‐studied gene in Arabidopsis that serves as a negative regulator of auxin signaling. We found 24 IAA gene family members in the rice genome. OsIAA3 is one of these family members whose expression is rapidly increased in response to auxin. We produced transgenic rice harboring mOsIAA3‐GR, which can overproduce mutant OsIAA3 protein containing an amino acid change in domain II to cause a gain‐of‐function phenotype, by treatment with dexamethasone. The transgenic rice was insensitive to auxin and gravitropic stimuli, and exhibited short leaf blades, reduced crown root formation, and abnormal leaf formation. These results suggest that, in rice, auxin is important for development and its signaling is mediated by IAA genes.
Laparoscopic surgery for ulcerative colitis – a meta‐analysis
Authors: Tan J. J. Y. , Tjandra J. J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractObjective  To assess the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic surgery for patients with ulcerative colitis.Methods  A search of published studies in English between January 1992 and September 2005 was obtained, using the MEDLINE and PubMed databases and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Two independent assessors reviewed the studies using a standardized protocol. Where raw data, means and standard deviations were available, meta‐analysis was performed using the Forest plot review. Studies where medians and ranges were presented were separately analysed.Results  The duration of surgery for laparoscopic and open procedures were similar (weighted mean difference 62.92 min, P = 0.19). Patients were able to tolerate oral intake significantly earlier, with a weighted mean difference of 1.39 days (P = 0.002), but recovery of bowel function was similar (weighted mean difference 0.73 days, P = 0.36). The length of hospital stay was shorter for patients who had undergone laparoscopic surgery, with a weighted mean difference of 2.64 days (P = 0.003). The complication rate was higher in open colectomy, compared to laparoscopic colectomy (67.6%vs 39.7%, P = 0.005). For restorative proctocolectomy, complication rates were comparable between the laparoscopic and open groups (P = 0.25).Conclusions  The time taken to perform laparoscopic surgery is similar to open surgery. Patients are able to tolerate oral intake earlier, and have a shorter hospitalization. Laparoscopic colectomy was safer compared to the open procedure, but both were equally safe for patients who had restorative proctocolectomy. Thus, laparoscopic surgery for ulcerative colitis is both safe and feasible.
Does functional capacity evaluation predict recovery in workers’ compensation claimants with upper extremity disorders?
Authors: Gross D P , Battié M C 
Published: March 2006

Objectives:Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are commonly used to determine return-to-work readiness and guide decision making following work related injury, yet little is known of their validity. The authors examined performance on the Isernhagen Work Systems’ FCE as a predictor of timely and sustained recovery in workers’ compensation claimants with upper extremity disorders. A secondary objective was to determine whether FCE is more predictive in claimants with specific injuries (that is, fracture) as compared to less specific, pain mediated disorders (that is, myofascial pain).Methods:The authors performed a longitudinal study of 336 claimants with upper extremity disorders undergoing FCE. FCE indicators were maximum performance during handgrip and lift testing, and the number of tasks where performance was rated below required job demands. Outcomes investigated were days receiving time-loss benefits (a surrogate of return to work or work readiness) in the year following FCE, days until claim closure, and future recurrence defined as whether benefits restarted, the claim reopened, or a new upper extremity claim was filed. Cox and logistic regression were used to determine the prognostic effect of FCE crudely and after controlling for potential confounders. Analysis was performed separately on claimants with specific and pain mediated disorders.Results:Most subjects (95%) experienced time-loss benefit suspension within one year following FCE. The one year recurrence rate was 39%. Higher lifting performance was associated with faster benefit suspension and claim closure, but explained little variation in these outcomes (r2 = 1.2–11%). No FCE indicators were associated with future recurrence after controlling for confounders. Results were similar between specific injury and less specific groups.Conclusions:Better FCE performance was a weak predictor of faster benefit suspension, and was unrelated to sustained recovery. FCE was no more predictive in claimants with specific pathology and injury than in those with more ambiguous, pain mediated conditions.
Correlation between the UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase (UGT1A1) TATAA Box Polymorphism and Carcinogen Detoxification Phenotype
Authors: Fang Jia-Long , Lazarus Philip 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOf the hepatic UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), only UGT1A1 and UGT1A9 exhibit activity against benzo(a)pyrene-trans-7R,8R-dihydrodiol [BPD(−)], precursor to the highly mutagenic anti-(+)-benzo(a)pyrene-7R,8S-dihydrodiol-9S,10R-epoxide. The UGT1A1*28 allelic variant contains an additional (TA) dinucleotide repeat in the “TATAA” box [(TA)6&gt;(TA)7] of the UGT1A1 promoter that has been linked to decreased expression of the UGT1A1 gene and decreased bilirubin conjugation, leading to the relatively nondebilitating condition known as Gilbert’s syndrome. To determine whether the UGT1A1 TATAA box polymorphism may play a role in the overall glucuronidation of BPD(−) in humans, we compared UGT1A1 TATAA box genotype with BPD(−) glucuronidating activity in normal liver microsomes. Significant decreases in UGT1A1 protein (P &lt; 0.005) and bilirubin conjugation activity (P &lt; 0.001) were observed in liver microsomes from subjects homozygous for the UGT1A1*28 allelic variant compared with subjects homozygous for the wild-type UGT1A1*1 allele. Significant decreases in BPD(−) glucuronidation activity (P &lt; 0.02) were observed in subjects with the UGT1A1(*28/*28) genotype compared with subjects having the wild-type UGT1A1(*1/*1) genotype in assays of liver microsomes that included 0.1 mm α-naphthylamine, a competitive inhibitor of UGT1A9 and not UGT1A1. Similar phenotype:genotype correlations were observed when we compared subjects with the UGT1A1(*28/*28) genotype with subjects having the UGT1A1(*1/*28) genotype. In assays with α-naphthylamine, the Km of liver microsomes against BPD(−) was similar to that reported for UGT1A1-overexpressing baculosomes (319 μm versus 290 μm; Fang et al., Cancer Res., 62: 1978–1986, 2002). These data suggest that the UGT1A1 TATAA box polymorphism plays a role in an individual’s overall ability to detoxify benzo(a)pyrene and in cancer risk.
Methionine Synthase D919G Polymorphism, Folate Metabolism, and Colorectal Adenoma Risk
Authors: Goode Ellen L. , Potter John D. , Bigler Jeannette , Ulrich Cornelia M. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Methionine synthase [5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase (MTR)] is involved in folate-mediated one-carbon metabolism, a pathway known to play a role in colorectal carcinogenesis. We investigated whether the MTR D919G polymorphism was associated with risk of colorectal adenoma in a colonoscopy-based study of 513 cases and 609 controls from Minneapolis, MN. Adenoma risk appeared nonsignificantly increased among women with DG or GG genotype [adjusted odds ratio (OR) versus DD, 1.4; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.9–2.1] but not men (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.7–1.5). An interaction with methionine intake was observed among women, such that low versus high intake was associated with a 2.3-fold increased risk only among those with DG or GG genotype (95% CI, 1.1–4.9; P for interaction = 0.05). Similarly, risk associated with alcohol intake was not elevated among women with the DD genotype; however, consumption of &gt;7 g of alcohol/day versus none was associated with an increased risk among women with DG or GG genotype (adjusted OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.4–4.4; P for interaction = 0.03). An interaction between MTR D919G and the thymidylate synthase (TS or TYMS) 3′-untranslated region polymorphism 1494del6 was also observed among women (P for interaction = 0.007). No evidence of interaction with intake of folate, vitamin B12, or vitamin B6 or with genotype at MTHFR C677T or the TS enhancer region 28-bp repeat polymorphism was seen. These findings add to what is known about the complexities of genetic variations in one-carbon-metabolizing enzymes in relation to colorectal carcinogenesis.
Serum Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Is Positively Associated with Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen in Middle-Aged Men without Evidence of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Oliver Steven E. , Barrass Barney , Gunnell David J. , Donovan Jenny L. , Peters Tim J. , Persad Raj A. , Gillatt David , Neal David E. , Hamdy Freddie C. , Holly Jeff M. P. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
We have examined the relationship between serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and prostate-specific antigen in 367 healthy men without evidence of prostate cancer and found a positive association (P = 0.05). In men without prostate cancer, serum prostate-specific antigen is closely related to prostate size, and our findings, therefore, suggest that IGF-I may induce prostatic epithelial proliferation. Higher circulating levels of IGF-I have been associated with increased risk of both prostate cancer and possibly benign prostatic hyperplasia. Greater rates of cell proliferation induced by IGF-I may be a key biological pathway underlying these disorders.
Helicobacter pylori
Eradication and Gastric Preneoplastic Conditions
Authors: Ley Catherine , Mohar Alejandro , Guarner Jeannette , Herrera-Goepfert Roberto , Figueroa Luz Sanchez , Halperin David , Johnstone Iain , Parsonnet Julie 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Helicobacter pylori causes gastric adenocarcinoma; whether treatment of H. pylori infection prevents this cancer remains unknown. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of H. pylori eradication, we determined whether treatment for H. pylori decreases gastric cancer risk, using preneoplastic conditions as surrogate markers. A total of 248 healthy volunteers (age &gt;40 years) randomly received H. pylori treatment (omeprazole, amoxicillin, clarythromycin; n = 122) or matched placebo (n = 126) for 1 week. Endoscopy was performed at baseline and at 6 weeks and 1 year. Seven biopsies from each endoscopy were reviewed by two pathologists using the revised Sydney classification. Outcome measures were both a consensus “worst biopsy” diagnosis and a weighted index score that incorporated degrees of severity of preneoplasia from all biopsies. We compared change in these outcomes over time between the two treatment groups. H. pylori cure rates for compliant subjects in the treatment arm were 79.2% and 75.7% at 6 weeks and 1 year, respectively. No statistically significant change in the worst biopsy diagnosis was observed from 6 weeks to 1 year between placebo and treated subjects (for improvement/worsening, placebo, 19.4%/10.5%; treatment, 22.5%/8.3%; P = 0.74). Change in index score was favorably greater in treatment compared with placebo subjects (intention-to-treat analysis, P = 0.03); this finding was particularly evident in the antrum. H. pylori eradication gave more favorable gastric histopathologies over 1 year than no treatment. Such incomplete regression suggests but does not prove that eradication of H. pylori decreases cancer risk.
Genetic Variants of
GPX1
and
SOD2
and Breast Cancer Risk at the Ontario Site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry
Authors: Knight Julia A. , Onay U. Venus , Wells Sean , Li Hong , Shi Ellen J. Q. , Andrulis Irene L. , Ozcelik Hilmi 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
There are several genes that code for enzymes, including various forms of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, that protect the cell against oxidative damage that, in turn, can lead to carcinogenesis. There are a few common genetic polymorphisms in these genes that lead to altered proteins. Three that have been identified are SOD2 Val-9Ala, GPX1 Pro198Leu, and the GPX1 GCG repeat (three alleles with four, five, or six repeats). The SOD2 variant has been associated with increased breast cancer risk in two studies. The GPX1 variants have not been studied with respect to breast cancer, but Pro198Leu has been associated with lung cancer. We conducted a case-control study of these three polymorphisms in incident, invasive breast cancer in Caucasian women under 55. There were 399 cases and 372 controls genotyped, of whom 488 were premenopausal, 208 postmenopausal, and 75 of unknown menopausal status. We were unable to replicate the previously observed association with SOD2 Val-9Ala and also found no association between breast cancer and GPX1 Pro198Leu. However, the allele of GPX1 containing four GCG repeats was significantly associated with breast cancer risk in premenopausal women (odds ratio, 1.55; 95% confidence interval, 1.04–2.30 for carriers versus noncarriers). There is a significant trend of increasing risk with increasing number of alleles with four GCG repeats (P = 0.03). This variant has not previously been reported to be associated with breast cancer.
Expert Review of Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas in a Population-Based Cancer Registry
Authors: Clarke Christina A. , Glaser Sally L. , Dorfman Ronald F. , Bracci Paige M. , Eberle Erin , Holly Elizabeth A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Incidence rates of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHLs) have nearly doubled in recent decades. Understanding the reasons behind these trends will require detailed surveillance and epidemiological study of NHL subtypes in large populations, using cancer registry or other multicenter data. However, little is known regarding the reliability of NHL diagnosis and subtype classification in such data, despite implications for the accuracy of incidence statistics and studies. Expert pathological re-review was completed for 1526 NHL patients who were reported to the Greater Bay Area Cancer Registry and who participated in a large population-based case-control study. Agreement of registry diagnosis with expert diagnosis and with International Classification of Diseases for Oncology-2 (Working Formulation) subtype classifications was measured with positive predictive values and κ statistics. Agreement of registry and expert diagnoses was high (98%). Thirty patients were found on review not to have NHL; most of these had leukemia. For subtypes, agreement of registry and expert classification was more moderate (59%). Agreement varied substantially by subtype from 5% to 100% and was 77% for the most common subtype, diffuse large cell lymphoma. Seventy-seven percent of 128 registry-unclassified lymphomas were assigned a subtype on re-review. Our analyses suggest excellent diagnostic reliability but poorer subtype reliability of NHL in cancer registry data information that is critical to the interpretation of lymphoma time trends. Thus, overall NHL incidence and survival statistics from the early 1990s are probably accurate, but subtype-specific statistics could be substantially biased, especially because of high (15–20%) proportions of unclassified lymphomas.
Dietary Carotenoids and Risk of Lung Cancer in a Pooled Analysis of Seven Cohort Studies
Authors: Männistö Satu , Smith-Warner Stephanie A. , Spiegelman Donna , Albanes Demetrius , Anderson Kristin , van den Brandt Piet A. , Cerhan James R. , Colditz Graham , Feskanich Diane , Freudenheim Jo L. , Giovannucci Edward , Goldbohm R. Alexandra , Graham Saxon , Miller Anthony B. , Rohan Thomas E. , Virtamo Jarmo , Willett Walter C. , Hunter David J. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Intervention trials with supplemental β-carotene have observed either no effect or a harmful effect on lung cancer risk. Because food composition databases for specific carotenoids have only become available recently, epidemiological evidence relating usual dietary levels of these carotenoids with lung cancer risk is limited. We analyzed the association between lung cancer risk and intakes of specific carotenoids using the primary data from seven cohort studies in North America and Europe. Carotenoid intakes were estimated from dietary questionnaires administered at baseline in each study. We calculated study-specific multivariate relative risks (RRs) and combined these using a random-effects model. The multivariate models included smoking history and other potential risk factors. During follow-up of up to 7–16 years across studies, 3,155 incident lung cancer cases were diagnosed among 399,765 participants. β-Carotene intake was not associated with lung cancer risk (pooled multivariate RR = 0.98; 95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.11; highest versus lowest quintile). The RRs for α-carotene, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene were also close to unity. β-Cryptoxanthin intake was inversely associated with lung cancer risk (RR = 0.76; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–0.86; highest versus lowest quintile). These results did not change after adjustment for intakes of vitamin C (with or without supplements), folate (with or without supplements), and other carotenoids and multivitamin use. The associations generally were similar among never, past, or current smokers and by histological type. Although smoking is the strongest risk factor for lung cancer, greater intake of foods high in β-cryptoxanthin, such as citrus fruit, may modestly lower the risk.