bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ agonist pioglitazone reduces the development of cartilage lesions in an experimental dog model of osteoarthritis: In vivo protective effects mediated through the inhibition of key signaling and catabolic pathways
Authors: Boileau Christelle , Martel‐Pelletier Johanne , Fahmi Hassan , Mineau François , Boily Martin , Pelletier Jean‐Pierre 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveEmerging evidence indicates that peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor γ (PPARγ) may have protective effects in osteoarthritis (OA). The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effect of a PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, on the development of lesions in a canine model of OA, and to explore the influence of pioglitazone on the major signaling and metabolic pathways involved in OA pathophysiologic changes.MethodsOA was surgically induced in dogs by sectioning of the anterior cruciate ligament. The dogs were then randomly divided into 3 treatment groups in which they were administered either placebo, 15 mg/day pioglitazone, or 30 mg/day pioglitazone orally for 8 weeks. Following treatment, the severity of cartilage lesions was scored. Cartilage specimens were processed for histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations; specific antibodies were used to study the levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP‐1), ADAMTS‐5, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), as well as phosphorylated MAPKs ERK‐1/2, p38, JNK, and NF‐κB p65.ResultsPioglitazone reduced the development of cartilage lesions in a dose‐dependent manner, with the highest dosage producing a statistically significant change (P < 0.05). This decrease in lesions correlated with lower cartilage histologic scores. In addition, pioglitazone significantly reduced the synthesis of the key OA mediators MMP‐1, ADAMTS‐5, and iNOS and, at the same time, inhibited the activation of the signaling pathways for MAPKs ERK‐1/2, p38, and NF‐κB.ConclusionThese results indicate the efficacy of pioglitazone in reducing cartilage lesions in vivo. The results also provide new and interesting insights into a therapeutic intervention for OA in which PPARγ activation can inhibit major signaling pathways of inflammation and reduce the synthesis of cartilage catabolic factors responsible for articular cartilage degradation.
Interferon‐γ protects against the development of structural damage in experimental arthritis by regulating polymorphonuclear neutrophil influx into diseased joints
Authors: Williams Anwen S. , Richards Peter J. , Thomas Eleri , Carty Sara , Nowell Mari A. , Goodfellow Rhian M. , Dent Colin M. , Williams Bryan D. , Jones Simon A. , Topley Nicholas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveLocal interaction between soluble mediators within the inflamed synovium is a key factor that governs the pathologic outcome of inflammatory arthritides. Our aim was to investigate the interplay between the Th1 lymphokine interferon‐γ (IFNγ) and pivotal cytokines that drive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathology (interleukin‐1β [IL‐1β] and tumor necrosis factor α [TNFα]) in modulating inflammation and arthritis in vitro and in vivo.MethodsMonarticular antigen‐induced arthritis (AIA) was initiated in IFNγ‐deficient (IFNγ−/−) mice and age‐matched wild‐type (IFNγ+/+) mice. Joint swelling was measured and histologic analysis was performed in order to assess changes in both inflammatory and degenerative parameters in vivo. In vitro, the influence of IFNγ in regulating IL‐1β– and TNFα‐driven CXCL8 and CCL2 production was quantified by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.ResultsIn murine AIA, both inflammatory and degenerative arthritis parameters were significantly exacerbated in the absence of IFNγ. IFNγ appeared to be a crucial factor in regulating CXCR2+ neutrophil influx in the joint. In in vitro studies using RA fibroblast‐like synoviocytes, IFNγ modulated both IL‐1β– and TNFα‐driven chemokine synthesis, resulting in the down‐regulation of CXCL8 production.ConclusionIFNγ exerts antiinflammatory, chondroprotective, and antiosteoclastogenic effects in murine AIA through a mechanism that involves the regulation of chemokine synthesis and local neutrophil recruitment. These studies suggest a potential therapeutic role of modulating IFNγ signaling in the treatment of inflammatory arthritides.
Steroid injection for osteoarthritis of the hip: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Authors: Lambert Robert G. W. , Hutchings Edna J. , Grace Michael G. A. , Jhangri Gian S. , Conner‐Spady Barbara , Maksymowych Walter P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the efficacy of fluoroscopically guided corticosteroid injection for hip osteoarthritis (OA) in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial.MethodsFifty‐two patients with symptomatic hip OA were randomly allocated to receive placebo (10 mg bipuvicaine, 2 ml saline) (n = 21) or corticosteroid treatment (10 mg bipuvicaine, 40 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide) (n = 31). Patients were followed up for 1, 2, 3, and 6 months. The primary outcome measure was the pain improvement response, defined as a 20% decrease in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities OA Index (WOMAC) pain score (on 5 100‐mm visual analog scales [VAS]) (WOMAC20) from baseline to 2 months postinjection. Secondary outcomes were a 50% decrease in the WOMAC pain score (WOMAC50), changes in other WOMAC subscale scores, patient's global assessment of health (on a 100‐mm VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF‐36) quality of life indices. Analyses were based on the intent‐to‐treat principle.ResultsThe mean WOMAC pain score fell 49.2% (decreasing from 310.1 mm to 157.4 mm) at 2 months postinjection in patients receiving corticosteroid, compared with a decrease of 2.5% (from 314.3 mm to 306.5 mm) in the placebo group (P < 0.0001). The proportion of WOMAC20 responders at 2 months' followup was significantly higher in the corticosteroid group (67.7%) compared with the placebo group (23.8%) (P = 0.004); similar proportions of WOMAC50 responders were observed between groups (61.3% in the corticosteroid group versus 14.3% in the placebo group; P = 0.001). Response differences were maintained at 3 months' followup (58.1% responders in the corticosteroid group versus 9.5% responders in the placebo group; P = 0.004). Significant differences in the WOMAC stiffness and physical function scores (P < 0.0001), patient's global health scores (P = 0.005), and SF‐36 physical component scores (P = 0.04) were observed, with patients in the corticosteroid group showing greater improvements. There were no differences in the frequency of adverse events between groups.ConclusionThis placebo‐controlled trial confirms that corticosteroid injection can be an effective treatment of pain in hip OA, with benefits lasting up to 3 months in many cases. Future studies should address questions related to the benefits of repeated steroid injection and the effects of this treatment on disease modification.
Evidence of potential interaction of chemokine genes in susceptibility to systemic sclerosis
Authors: Lee Eun Bong , Zhao Jinying , Kim Jeong Yeon , Xiong Momiao , Song Yeong Wook 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine genetic polymorphisms in the chemokine pathway, and to assess their interactions in relation to susceptibility to systemic sclerosis (SSc).MethodsTo identify the risk of SSc conferred by genetic polymorphisms in the chemokine pathway, 10 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from 8 candidate genes were studied in 99 patients with SSc and 198 age‐ and sex‐matched controls in a Korean population. SNPs were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism or sequence‐specific primer methods. Genetic associations between each SNP and SSc risk, calculated as odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals, were estimated using chi‐square tests. Haplotypes for the 2 polymorphisms in the gene CCL5 (RANTES) were constructed, and their associations with SSc were tested. Gene–gene interactions were investigated using a recently described novel method, and the results were confirmed by conditional logistic regression. Adjustment for multiple testing was based on Bonferroni correction.ResultsThere was significant evidence of gene–gene interaction between polymorphisms in the genes CXCL8 (interleukin‐8) and CCL5, and both of these were associated with an increased risk of SSc. This SNP–SNP interaction was confirmed by 2 independent statistical methods. The associations remained significant after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing. No significant association between each individual SNP or haplotype and the risk of SSc was found.ConclusionCrosstalk between the 2 chemokines CXCL8 and CCL5 may contribute to the susceptibility to SSc.
A computer analysis of library postcards (CALP)
Authors: Stevens Norman D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA description of a sophisticated application of computer techniques to the analysis of a collection of picture postcards of library buildings in an attempt to establish the minimum architectural requirements needed to distinguish one style of library building from another and to assist in the description of the ideal library building. The objectives of the program, the techniques utilized, the past history of the project, and the results to date are described. A number of side benefits of the program are also described.
Circulation dynamics: A planning model
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA mathematical model is presented that can be used to predict a library's circulation. Variables considered include changing user population, decreasing demand for older items in the collection, purchasing and circulation policies, weeding and other losses, and inflation. The model requires little data other than what libraries normally collect. An example of applying the model to a particular library is discussed. Possible extensions of the model are noted.
Sublanguage grammers in science information processing
Authors: Sager Naomi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper presents the results of an investigation into information structures in natural language science texts. A novel hypothesis was tested; namely, that the literature of a science subfield has characteristic restrictions on lanugage usage which can be used to develop information formats for text sentences in the subfield. The formats provide a standard representation of the specific types of information found in sentences of subfield articles, though a priori semantic categories are not used. The method of sublanguage grammars for obtaining information formats is described. Illustrations are drawn from a sublanguage grammar written for a subfield of pharmacology. Parts of the procedure are computerized or are being implemented.
Curricula in information science: Four year progress report
Authors: Belzer Jack , Williams James , Kronebusch John , Gupta A. B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is our second study of curricula in information science. It provides a basis for comparison of the 1968 curricula with those of 1972, observing trends in the educational system in information science. Since this study solicited information on all three educational levels, the statistics describing all programs are given; comparisons are made at the MS level only, using the 1968 data. These indicate a curriculum shift from traditional librarianship to an emphasis on computerization and automation. This trend appears to encompass theory as well as technology.The most frequently offered course “Introduction to Information Science,” exposes students to a new way of looking at library and information problems. Programming, theories of information content identification, library automation and some basic mathematics has increased. If the trend continues, libraries may be turning into Community Information Centers utilizing telecommunication for their information needs.Deans, faculty, professional society and industry representatives reviewed the questionnaire analysis results in Workshop III and made recommendations for educational goals and curricula on three levels, i.e., the bacculaureate, masters and doctorate.
Structure, effectiveness and benefits of LEXtractor, an operational computer program for automatic extraction of case summaries and dispositions from court decisions
Authors: Borkowski Casimir , Sperling Martin J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA computer program for automatic extraction of case summaries and dispositions from the decisions of legal courts is now operational. The level of performance of this program known as LEXtractor is high. In a recent computer run, LEXtractor scanned the full texts of 249 reported cases (some 650,000 words of text) and extracted correctly 92% of case summaries (15 false drops occurred) and 93% of case dispositions (no false drops occurred).This paper outlines the structure of LEXtractor, describes and analyzes its cost and performance, and discusses some relevant issues in text editing.
Comparison of checksum procedures by simulation
Authors: Carroll John M. , Cakarnis John 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAppending a checksum (also known as checkring] digit[sl, or control digit[s] /sum) to a lengthy non‐mnemonic number sequence represents one technical control over transcription errors. Different checksum procedures are used by different nations (e.g., France, Denmark, Canada) for their personal identifiers (The U.S. does not use a checksum). This study reflects an attempt to discover the most effective procedure.
Optimal resource allocation in library systems
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA procedure is developed for optimal allocation of resources among the many processes of a library system. Queueing theory is used to model processes as either waiting or balking processes. The optimal allocation of resources to these processes is defined as that which maximizes the expected value of the decision‐maker's utility function. An application of the procedure to a specific library system is discussed.
Lotka's Law and Map Librarianship
Authors: Schorr Alan Edward 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLotka's Law states that given the number of authors who have written one article, the number writing multiple articles can be predicted. Though Lotka's Law was based on a study of the chemistry and physics literature, interest has recently developed as to its possible application to the humanities. A test of this general law for the field of map librarianship is discussed, illustrating that Lotka's Law is valid for this discipline.
Explicit and implicit variables in information retrieval (IR) systems
Authors: Robertson Stephen E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCleverdon's “inverse relationship between recall and precision” and other relationships between the measures of performance of retrieval systems, arise from variations in other (independent) system variables. This paper explores the properties of these independent variables, and defines a class of basic variables named M‐factors. The “inverse relationship” is generated by variations in a single M‐factor, but does not always obtain if more than one M‐factor is allowed to vary.A number of examples are discussed in the light of this analysis. The possibility is suggested that all variables affecting the performance of retrieval systems can be decomposed into M‐factors. The implications of these ideas for laboratory tests on retrieval systems are discussed. A mathematical treatment of the ideas is also given.
Relative effectiveness of titles, abstracts, and subject headings for machine retrieval from the COMPENDEX services
Authors: Byrne Jerry R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have investigated the relative merits of searching on titles, subject headings, abstracts, free‐language terms, and combinations of these elements. The COM‐ PENDEX data base was used for this study since it contained all of the data elements of interest. In general, the results obtained from the experiments indi‐ cate that, as expected, titles alone are not satisfactory for efficient retrieval. The combination of titles and abstracts came the closest to 100% retrieval, with searching of abstracts alone doing almost as well. Indexer input, although necessary for 100% retrieval in almost all cases, was found to be relatively unimportant.
An acquisitions decision model for academic libraries
Authors: Depew John N. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA decision model for book acquisitions has been developed to simulate the intellectual processes used in acquiring these materials in academic libraries. It consists of a flow chart, weighted inputs and an equation, which when solved indicates whether a library should add the title to its collection, refer it to a cooperative group, defer the decision or drop it altogether. Inputs to the model need further study and development, but the model is a step in defining and quantifying the decision process.
The consumers of new information technology: A survey of the utilization of MEDLINE
Authors: Tagliacozzo Renata 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTechnical innovation in the field of information includes the design and implementation of large on‐line automated systems for the retrospective search of scientific literature. An example of such technology is the MEDLINE bibliographic service of the National Library of Medicine which, with its 200 terminals, serves the biomedical scientific and professional community throughout the country.In the initial phase of the MEDLINE development, users of seven MEDLINE information centers were investigated in terms of characteristics, motivations, purposes and expectations in using the service. The study attempts to clarify the role of MEDLINE in basic and clinical research, and in the education and training of biomedical personnel. Some of the factors involved in the adoption of an innovation are analyzed.
The biblio‐profile—a two‐in‐one package of information: Its preparation, production, marketing, uses
Authors: Lunin Lois F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the Biblio‐Profile, which is a brief state‐of‐the‐art report on a specific topic followed by a comprehensive bibliography. The Biblio‐Profile was devised as a combination package to meet varying information needs. The profile part of the package provides a brief introduction to a field, a brief assessment of the state of research on a specific topic, and an indication where gaps in knowledge exist; the comprehensive bibliography may contain both current and older, classic citations. An information package of this type has other features as well. For example, with small modification, the profile can be recorded on audio‐tape for use in a dial‐access information system where message length is brief. The companion bibliography can be mailed to any‐one who requests this supplementary information. Biblio‐Profiles also have the added advantage of being separates so that they can be published quickly; they do not require page charges; and they provide recognition for authors. However, they require marketing and promotion since no encompassing medium, such as a journal, carries them. Publication of Biblio‐Profiles in a journal is, however, certainly possible.The preparation, production, marketing and potential uses of this multi‐purpose document are described in this article. The Information Center's experience in user acceptance and sales of this kind of document is discussed and compared with the Center's bibliographies.
A fuzzy set characterization of interaction in scientific research
Authors: Jones Warren T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere is increasing interest in an empirical analysis of the system of scientific literature with a view toward improved information retrieval systems and science policy development. Many studies have sought to identify various aspects of the developmental structure of science via this system. The research has relied heavily on the citation or referencing structure with little attention directed toward the study and formalization of the citation relation itself. Fuzzy set theory is shown to be an appropriate approach to the formalization of this relation. The set of references is viewed as a static, partial representation of the total collection of eligible entities and individuals which were involved in the socio‐intellectual interactions that contributed to the development of the paper. It is also shown that fuzzy sets of journals can be derived.
An experiment in networking: The LHNCBC experimental CAI network, 1971–1975
Authors: Wooster Harold 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is an administrative history of an information network. In somewhat less than four years, the Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications of the National Library of Medicine built this network, demonstrated a substantial demand for its services, encouraged it to become self‐sustaining, and transferred support and operation to a user consortium. The paper is concerned with the process, and some of the problems, of innovation rather than the product, biomedical computer‐assisted instruction.
A policy for science information activities in small countries: The case of Israel
Authors: Keren Carl 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDuring the past few years the National Center of Scientific and Technological Information (COSTI) in Israel, has made an effort to plan the national information services. This planning activity has required the formalization of a science information policy as a background for its development. Following a short description of present COSTI activities, some policy considerations specific to Israel are elaborated upon and their application to future planning is discussed.
Assessing the impact of computer technology on the performance of interlibrary loan networks
Authors: Rouse William B. , Rouse Sandra H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPerformance of interlibrary loan networks in terms of probability of success and average time to satisfy a request is enhanced when location and availability information can be accessed. Existing computer technologies such as shared cataloging networks and automated circulation systems can be of use in obtaining this information. A procedure is presented for quantitative assessment of the impact of these technologies and their various combinations on interlibrary loan activities. As an example, the procedure is utilized for predicting the impact of these computer technologies on the Illinois Library and Information Network (ILLINET). Results show that the value of location information as obtained from a shared cataloging network or similar technology is highly dependent on the information being specific enough to free the lending library from searching their own main catalog. The value of availability information is shown to be related to the processing time that can be avoided by having prior information about the circulation status of the desired item. These results are dependent on the policies employed in Illinois. However, the assessment procedures presented here have general applicability to interlibrary loan networks.