bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lipectomy in the Treatment of Scrotal Lipomatosis
Authors: SHAFIK A. , OLFAT S. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— Scrotal lipectomy was performed in 102 infertile patients with scrotal lipomatosis; suprapubic lipectomy was included in 22 patients who had redundant suprapubic fat.Improvement in semen quality was obtained in 64.7% and pregnancy occurred in 19.6%. Statistically, the improvement was significant in both the sperm count and motility of the total series and only in the sperm count in the cases which produced pregnancy. The technique is described and the factors to which the results may be attributed are discussed.
Vesicoureteric Reflux Following Renal Transplantation: a Simple Method of Ureteric Implantation
Authors: MITTERDORFER A. J. , WILLIAMS GORDON , CASTRO J. E. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— We have used a simple method of ureteroneocystostomy in renal transplant patients. This entails a no‐tunnel “drop‐in” with a long free segment protruding into the bladder lumen. The incidence of vesicoureteric reflux was investigated in 81 transplant patients who had a follow‐up period ranging from 4 months to 1 5 years (mean 3.7 years); 29 of these patients had recurrent urinary tract infections. Micturating cystography demonstrated reflux in 6 patients (7.4%). In these 6 patients the presence of reflux had no deleterious effect on renal function and the infections were easily controlled with long‐term antibiotics. In the 52 patients without urinary infection no reflux was demonstrated.The conclusions based on this study indicate that

in the absence of recurrent infection there are no indications for micturating cystography and
this method of ureteroneocystostomy is expedient and has a low incidence of reflux.
The Value of lntravesical Prostaglandin E2and F2αin Women with Abnormalities of Bladder Emptying
Authors: DELAERE K. P. J. , THOMAS C. M. G. , MOONEN W. A. , DEBRUYNE F. M. J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A clinical study of intravesical prostaglandin E2(PGE2) and F2α(PGF2α) in the treatment of 1 3 female patients with difficulties in emptying their bladder is reported. Urodynamic investigations were performed before and after instillation of the drug. Although 3 patients had some reduction in residual urine volume, the remainder showed no obvious change and no patient experienced subjective improvement. In 6 patients, biopsies of the vesical mucosa were taken before and after instillation in order to measure the uptake of prostaglandin by the mucosa, but no conclusions could be drawn from these measurements.Although prostaglandins are known to have contractile effects on the detrusor muscle, the results of this study suggest that intravesical PGE2and PGF2α have no therapeutic value in the treatment of voiding dysfunction and residual urine.
Clitoroplasty in Intersex: a New Technique
Authors: MOLLARD P. , JUSKIEWENSKI S. , SARKISSIAN J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A new technique of reduction clitoroplasty is presented. The procedure consists of a subtotal resection of the shaft of the clitoris with preservation of the dorsal neurovascular bundle of the glans. The purpose is to preserve erogenous glans clitoris and the erection of the crura.The anatomical results in 8 patients were excellent; partial necrosis occurred in a 1 2‐year‐old patient. The functional result remains unknown since the children are still young.This technique of clitoroplasty is, as far as we know, the most conservative procedure to date.
A Low Power Magnification Technique for Reanastomosis of the Vas
Authors: Urquhart‐Hay D. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Microsurgical reanastomosis of the vas following vasectomy should result in a pregnancy rate of 65% and the reappearance of sperms within the semen of 95% of patients, but the technique requires expensive and sophisticated equipment and considerable expertise.Comparable results were obtained using a simple and conventional technique in which fine sutures, splintage and low power magnification (x 3.5) were used, making it an acceptable procedure for the surgeon untrained in microsurgical techniques.
Inosine in lschaemic Renal Surgery: Long‐term Follow‐UP
Authors: FITZPATRICK J. M. , WALLACE D. M. A. , WHITFIELD H. N. , WATKINSON L. E. , FERNANDO A. R. , WICKHAM J. E. A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Inosine, a purine nucleotide, has been used in 33 patients as a method of preventing ischaemic renal damage. The long‐term results have been reviewed with a mean follow‐up of 28 months.lnosine was administered either intra‐arterially or intravenously. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, creatinine clearance and divided function renography.lnosine afforded satisfactory protection in ischaemic periods of up to 60 min, particularly if pre‐operative function was normal. It was less reliable if pre‐operative function was poor or in ischaemic periods greater than 60 min. lnosine is a helpful aid in ischaemic renal surgery.
The Effect of Local Hypothermia on Blood Loss during Transurethral Resection of the Prostate
Authors: Walton J. K. , E. Rawstron R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary — A prospective trial to investigate the effect of using cold irrigating solution during transurethral resection of the prostate was carried out. A control group of 44 patients was resected using irrigant at room temperature, and a trial group of 49 cases was resected using irrigant cooled to 2°C. Blood loss during surgery was measured to see whether the cold irrigating solution had any effect on this loss.There was a small reduction in blood loss in the cold group, but this reduction was not statistically significant (0.5 > P> 0.3).
Radionuclide Studies of the Lower Urinary Tract
Authors: O'Reilly P. H. , Lawson R. S. , Shields R. A. , Testa H. J. , Edwards E. C. 
Published: November 2008

Summary—The results of prospective experimental and clinical studies into the use of radionuclides in the evaluation of urinary flow rates and residual urine volume estimations are presented.The results indicate that the radionuclide estimation of flow rates is accurate, but complex and time‐consuming compared with other available methods. The calculation of residual urine is simple and accurate where residual volumes are not extremely large.The opportunity for such lower tract studies after renography should not be missed where clinically appropriate, and the combined upper and lower tract studies provide a useful quantitative urological profile.
Aspiration Cytology of Solid Renal Tumours
Authors: HELM C. W. , BURWOOD R. J. , HARRISON N. W. , MELCHER D. H. 
Published: November 2008

SUMMARY— The results of needle aspiration cytology of solid renal lesions in Brighton from 1977 have been reviewed. Thirty‐one lesions were aspirated and of the 21 malignant tumours, cytology accurately diagnosed 19 (90%) when sufficient material was sent for analysis. Of the eight avascular solid renal space‐occupying lesions aspirated, cytology gave a correct differentiation (benign versus malignant) in seven (87%).The results compare favourably with those of other published experience. A modification is suggested to the accepted diagnostic pathway.
The Accuracy of Ultrasound in the Measurement of Changes in Bladder Volume
Authors: POSTON G. J. , JOSEPH A. E. A. , RIDDLE P. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Ultrasound is an established method of assessing bladder and residual urine volumes. The aim of this study was to improve the accuracy of ultrasound in measuring changes in bladder volume and to avoid bladder catheterisation.Seventeen patients took part in the trial; their bladders were scanned before and after micturition and bladder volumes were estimated. Fifteen patients had bladder outflow obstruction. Further mathematical analysis showed that a correction factor yielded greater accuracy in measuring bladder volume (mean error 21% in this series against 28% in previous studies).Ultrasound is a quick, non‐invasive and quantitative method of studying bladder volume, especially in the conservative management of patients with bladder outflow obstruction.
Lntravesical Instillation of Mitomycin C in the Prophylactic Treatment of Recurring Superficial Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder*
Authors: DEVONEC M. , BOUVIER R. , SARKISSIAN J. , BENDIMERAD O. , GELET A. , DUBERNARD J. M. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Twenty‐six patients with an elevated recurrence rate of stage O or A bladder tumours were treated prophylactically after transurethral resection (TUR) with short‐term intravesical instillations of mitomycin C in a non‐randomised study. The data before intravesical chemotherapy (IVC) were taken as the internal control for each patient. Mitomycin C was administered in one course of 10 daily doses of 40 rng, starting 24 to 48 hours after TUR.The average follow‐up was 13.9 months before and 28.5 months after IVC. Before IVC, the average number of recurrences was 2.6, with an average recurrence rate of 1 every 5.3 months. After IVC there was no tumour recurrence in 4 patients, with a mean of 12.2 months' follow‐up, but there was tumour recurrence in 22 patients. For 17 patients (77%) the free interval averaged 2.3 times longer than the mean interval of recurrence before IVC and for 18 patients (82%) the recurrence rate averaged 3.3 times less than the recurrence rate before IVC.
Specific Red Cell Adherence Test in Benign and Malignant Lesions of the Prostate
Authors: GHAZIZADEH M. , KAGAWA S. , TAKIGAWA H. , KUROKAWA K. , NUMOTO S. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— The specific red cell adherence test (SRCA) for blood group antigens has been shown to have some bearing on the invasive potential of bladder tumours. Hitherto there have been few data published from patients with prostatic disease. The results of SRCA testing in 69 such patients are presented.Each of the 30 cases of adenocarcinoma was antigen negative. However, as 18 of 39 patients with only benign hyperplasia were also antigen negative, the test clearly does not reflect extant tumour and is probably not an indicator of subsequent growth of prostatic cancer. Antigen expression was also negative in sections showing prostatitis.As the test was invariably negative in patients with adenocarcinoma, whether or not metastases were present and whatever the degree of differentiation of the primary tumour, it lacks the power to discriminate invasive potential.
Change in White Cell Count during Treatment of Advanced Cancer of the Prostate with Estramustine Phosphate and with Stilboestrol
Authors: DAPONTE D. , SYLVESTER R. , PAUW M. DE , FRYSZMAN A. , SMITH R. M. , SMITH P. H. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Patients with locally advanced (category T3–4 of the TNM system) and metastatic prostatic cancer, not previously treated, seen by one of the authors (P.H.S.) have been entered into EORTC Protocol 30762 which has compared the therapeutic effects of estramustine phosphate (Estracyt) and of diethyl‐stilboestrol (DES) as primary treatment.A gradual and as yet unexplained rise in the total leucocyte count was seen in patients treated with estramustine phosphate. This was always apparent within 2 months of starting treatment and did not change significantly thereafter unless treatment was stopped, when the raised values soon returned to normal. In four patients in whom the white cell count rose to levels above the normal range a neutrophil leucocytosis was always reported. The cause of this is not yet understood.
Occult Germ‐cell Testicular Tumours
Authors: POWELL S. , HENDRY W. F. , PECKHAM M. J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Eighteen men presenting with metastatic germ‐cell malignancy in whom no primary tumour could be palpated in either testis are described. All patients had both testes in the scrotal sac and none had a history of maldescent. All had abdominal node involvement, in most cases associated with metastases at other sites. Ten men presented with Stage 4 disease, five with Stage 3 and three with Stage 2.The most common histological sub‐type associated with an occult primary testicular tumour was trophoblastic malignant teratoma (9/18 patients). Abdominal pain (12 patients) and systemic symptoms (10 patients) were common presenting features. There was a history of testicular atrophy in eight patients and seven had experienced episodes of transient testicular pain up to 18 months before presentation.In three of four patients in whom the testis was examined histologically following a history of atrophy and/or pain, there was evidence of a primary tumour, manifest as spontaneous turnour regression (one), differentiation (one) or a small micro‐primary trophoblastic teratoma (one). In a fifth patient an ultrasonic scan showed a 1–cm echogenic mass in an atrophic testis. In 10 patients the diagnosis of germ‐cell malignancy was established by laparotomy. Obstructive uropathy was present in six patients, associated with haematuria in four patients.
Is Cervical Spondylosis an Occupational Hazard for Urologists?
Authors: WHITAKER R. H. , GREEN N. A. , NOTLEY R. G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Amongst 248 urologists who spend a substantial amount of their operative work performing endoscopic procedures and who were surveyed with reference to symptoms of cervical spondylosis, 118 admitted that they were, or had been, troubled by such symptoms (47.6%). A control group of 113 General Practitioners matched for age at qualification had no significantly fewer symptoms (43.4%). Similar numbers in each group had a history of neck injury, often of a sporting nature, and also had similar incidences of symptoms including pain down the arm.Significantly more urologists have current severe symptoms and more frequent attacks of trouble. Urologists offered a variety of advice on how to ameliorate these symptoms, which included attention to posture, the need for self‐controlled motorised endoscopic tables, an endoscopic stool with wheels and the limitation of the number of transurethral prostatectomies per operating list.
Studies on the Prevalence and Epidemiology of Urinary Stone Disease in Men in Leeds
Authors: ROBERTSON W. G. , PEACOCK M. , BAKER M. , MARSHALL D. H. , PEARLMAN B. , SPEED R. , SERGEANT V. , SMITH A. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A postal survey among 2% of men in Leeds showed that the prevalence of urinary stone disease is 3.8%. The prevalence of upper urinary tract and spontaneously passed stones increases progressively from 0.7% in social class 5 to 5.0% in social class 1 but that of bladder stones (0.7% in the group as a whole) is independent of social class.There is an initial peak of upper urinary tract and spontaneously passed stones commencing at age 20 and having a projected prevalence at age 90 of 5.7% and a second peak of bladder stones, commencing about age 50, with a projected prevalence of 1.9%.The prevalence of stone disease increases according to the order: single < divorced/separated < married < widowed men. A family history of stones tends to be higher amongst relatives of stone‐formers than amongst the corresponding relatives of control subjects, the male/female ratio being 2:1.The occurrence of urinary stones is significantly associated with that of gallstones, high blood pressure, backache, arthritis and gout but not with that of peptic ulcer, diabetes, thyroid disease or bronchitis.
Long‐term Results of Bladder Transection for Urge Incontinence
Authors: MUNDY A. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— One hundred and four patients with urge incontinence associated with detrusor instability who had failed to respond to standard conservative treatment were treated by a modified bladder transection procedure.Initially 74% were symptomatically cured, 14% were improved and 12% were failures. At 2 to 5 years after operation these results were 65%, 19% and 16% respectively. There was no significant morbidity and no mortality.Bladder transection is still a useful method of treatment for the refractory patient with detrusor instability, although improvements in conservative treatment have reduced the need for it.
A Trial Comparing the Stamey Bladder Neck Suspension Procedure with Colposuspension for the Treatment of Stress Incontinence
Authors: MUNDY A. R. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Fifty‐one women with urodynamically proven genuine stress incontinence were alternately allocated to either colposuspension or a Stamey‐type bladder neck suspension.One year after operation 89% of the patients who had had a colposuspension were subjectively cured and 73% were objectively normal. In the Stamey procedure group these figures were 76 and 40% respectively.The Stamey procedure is a quicker, simpler and a lesser procedure but has a higher incidence of post‐operative voiding difficulties and residual urge symptoms.Colposuspension is to be preferred for the younger, healthier patient. The Stamey procedure is useful in the elderly, obese or unfit patient or the patient who has had multiple previous surgical attempts at a cure.
Semen Analysis in Testicular Cancer and Hodgkin's Disease: Pre‐ and Post‐Treatment Findings and Implications for Cryopreservation
Authors: HENDRY W. F. , STEDRONSKA J. , JONES C. R. , BLACKMORE C. A. , BARREIT A. , PECKHAM M. J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Over a 7–year period, seminal analysis has been performed on 208 patients with testicular tumours, after orchiectomy, but before any other treatment. Only 22% of 54 patients with seminomas, and 29% of 154 patients with teratomas or mixed tumours, had sperm counts exceeding 10 million per ml. Very low sperm counts were observed in some patients who had previously fathered children.Post‐treatment sperm counts were done in 117 patients, 80 of whom had received multiple drug chemotherapy: 42 of these men had pre‐ and post‐treatment sperm counts. Overall, 24% of men receiving chemotherapy recovered sperm counts greater than 10 million per ml up to 3 years after therapy. Surprisingly, such recovery was seen in 35% of 23 men with initially poor sperm counts, but in only 26% of 19 with good initial counts.Only 27% of 49 patients with Hodgkin's disease had initial sperm counts of more than 10 million per ml; after chemotherapy only 1 of 29 patients recovered to this level.Only one quarter of these young men had semen which was adequate for cryopreservation. Artificial insemination with semen preserved in liquid nitrogen has been performed in 15 couples: 2 normal babies have been produced and a third pregnancy is progressing normally.
Exploratory Scrototomy in 168 Azoospermic Males
Authors: HENDRY W. F. , PARSLOW J. M. , STEDRONSKA J. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In 168 azoospermic males with normal or only slightly raised serum FSH levels, serum antisperm antibodies were measured, and the site of obstruction or the nature of the failure of spermatogenesis was defined by exploratory scrototomy with inspection of epididymes, vasography and testicular biopsy. When possible, surgical reconstruction was done by side‐to‐side epididymovasostomy, with vasovasostomy when necessary using 6/0 Prolene and no splints.Acquired blocks of cauda epididymis (34 cases) and vas (23 cases) were significantly more commonly associated with serum antisperm antibodies than congenital bilateral absence of vasa (29 cases) or blocks at the caput epididymis (48 cases), most of which were associated with sinusitis, bronchitis or bronchiectasis (Young's syndrome). Many of the former patients came from abroad, whereas most of the latter came from the British Isles.Sperm counts of 10 million per ml or more were produced by 23 (45%) of 51 adequately followed up patients with acquired blocks following surgical reconstruction, and 11 pregnancies (21.5%) were produced. Amongst those with spermatozoa in the ejaculate after surgery, serum antisperm antibodies were found significantly less often in those whose wives became pregnant compared with those who failed to produce pregnancies. It is concluded that failure of surgical treatment in some of these cases may have an immunological basis. No success was achieved with other groups.
Clinically Unrecognised Renal Carcinoma: Aspects of Tumour Morphology, Lymphatic and Haematogenous Metastatic Spread
Authors: HELLSTEN S. , BERGE T. , LINELL F. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— In a series comprising 235 clinically unrecognised renal carcinoma, metastatic spread was found in 56 cases (24%). In 82% of cases with metastases the spread involved more than one site.Lymphatic spread was diagnosed in 37 patients. Lymph node metastases were usually multiple and multifocal and were almost as common in the mediastinum as in the retroperitoneal space. In cases with involvement of these sites and/or supraclavicular nodes, concomitant metastases in the lungs were observed in 86% and in other organs in 11%.Since lymph node invasion is a strong indicator of systemic spread, the therapeutic benefit of radical lymphadenectomy seems very low, whereas a limited unilateral dissection is justified mainly for its value as a staging procedure.
Post‐catheterisation Urethral Strictures. A Clinical and Experimental Study
Authors: EDWARDS L. E. , LOCK R. , POWELL C. , JONES P. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— Seventeen patients who developed urethral strictures following catheterisation have been studied; 14 of these (82%) were catheterised for standard monitoring purposes during and after major heart surgery, which was a coronary artery bypass graft (CABPG) in 12 cases. The possible aetiological mechanisms for the development of this complication are discussed.Animal experiments were designed and carried out to compare the effects of different catheter materials on the urethral mucosa. Silicone catheters provoked the least inflammation and rubber the most. A further experiment determined the flow rates through catheters of different sizes. From our results, we suggest that the careful insertion of a small silicone catheter, distally fixed, is least likely to induce stricture formation.
A Prospective Study of Renal Stone Recurrences
Authors: Ljunghall S. , Danielson B. G. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A simple metabolic investigation was carried out in 54 patients presenting with their first attack of renal stones. In three cases a probable cause for stone formation was found. During the following 8 years 53% of the patients developed recurrences, the risk of which was highest during the first years after the initial attack. Recurrences were more common in males than in females. As a group, patients who were to have recurrences had higher urinary calcium levels but there was a considerable overlap between the two groups.This prospective study confirms the opinion from retrospective evaluation of the natural history of renal stones that recurrences are common. However, they cannot be predicted from standard laboratory findings in individual patients.
Endoscopic Injection of the Vasoconstrictor Ornithine‐8‐Vasopressin in Transurethral Resection
Authors: Smart R. F. 
Published: November 2008

Summary— A simple technique to inject the synthetic vasoconstrictor agent ornithine‐8‐vasopressin endoscopically into the prostate has been developed. The method has been assessed by two prospective randomised controlled trials on patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate. Results from the first trial, involving 56 patients who had general anaesthesia, were that the mean operative blood loss was 48% less in the treated group, a significant difference (P= 0.05). Results from the second trial, involving 57 patients who had spinal anaesthesia, were that the mean operative blood loss was 75% less in the treated group, a highly significant difference (P= 0.01).The pharmacology of the drug is reviewed, and it seems to be a safe agent which aids transurethral resection. It frequently causes a modest and transient elevation in blood pressure shortly after injection and, although not encountered by the author, it is possible that a more severe elevation' necessitating treatment may rarely occur.