bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dietary determinants of lung‐cancer risk: Results from a case‐control study in Yunnan province, China
Authors: Swanson C. A. , Mao B. L. , Li J. Y. , Lubin J. H. , Yao S. X. , Wang J. Z. , Cai S. K. , Hou Y. , Luo Q. S. , Blot W. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relation between diet and lung cancer was studied among male residents of a mining community in Yunnan Province. After obtaining food frequency data from subjects or proxies, we compared diets of 428 cases, aged 35–74 years, and 1,011 age‐matched controls. Cases tended to consume slightly more rice, but less protein‐rich foods (i.e., bean curd, meat, eggs) and vegetables than did controls. The relative risks of lung cancer across increasing quartiles of meat (i.e., pork) consumption, for example, were 1.00, 0.67, 0.72 and 0.46 (p for trend <0.01). The relative risks of lung cancer across increasing quartiles of consumption of dark‐green, leafy vegetables were 1.00, 0.62, 0.52 and 0.41 (p for trend <0.01). Although specific dietary constituent(s) responsible for the protective effect of vegetable consumption could not be identified, carotenoids other than β‐carotene, or compounds in cruciferous or Allium vegetables, are possibilities.
Serum oncoproteins and growth factors in asbestosis and silicosis patients
Authors: Brandt‐Rauf Paul W. , Smith Steven , Hemminki Kari , Koskinen Heikki , Vainio Harri , Niman Henry , Ford Jean 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLevels of 9 different oncoproteins and growth factors were assayed by immunoblotting with monoclonal antibodies in 91 serum samples collected between March 1983 and August 1987 from 46 pneumoconiosis patients (36 asbestosis, 10 silicosis) at high risk for the development of cancer. Follow‐up of these patients through June 1991 showed that 18 had developed cancer (11 lung, 2 pleural mesothelioma, 2 transitional‐cell carcinomas of the urinary bladder, 1 osteosarcoma, 1 non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma, 1 adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder). Increased serum levels of ras oncogene‐related protein (p21) were found in 7 of the 18 patients who developed cancer (5 lung, 2 pleural mesothelioma) versus 2 of the 28 patients without cancer, a statistically significant difference (p = 0.012). In addition, 6 of the 7 p21‐positive cancer cases had positive serum samples prior to clinical diagnosis of disease (average = 16.3 months, range = 3–26 months prior to diagnosis), suggesting that elevated serum p21 levels may be a useful marker for earlier detection in a significant percentage of respiratory malignancies. Finally, elevated serum levels of PDGF‐related protein were detected significantly more frequently in advanced pneumoconiosis cases (ILO radiographic classification of 2/1 or greater) than in less advanced cases (80% vs. 41.9%; p = 0.016), and there was a tendency for these PDGF‐positive patients to have progression of their disease (68.2% vs. 41.7%; p = 0.065), suggesting that elevated serum PDGF levels may be a marker for the development of severe and progressive pneumoconioses.
Probing daunorubicin accumulation defects in non‐P‐glycoprotein expressing multidrug‐resistant cell lines using digitonin
Authors: Versantvoort C. H. M. , Broxterman H. J. , Feller N. , Dekker H. , Kuiper C. M. , Lankelma J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMulti drug resistance (MDR) in tumor cells is frequently associated with reduced cellular cytostatic drug accumulation, caused by the drug efflux protein, P‐glycoprotein (Pgp). The action of Pgp in tumor cells can be detected by measuring the increase of daunorubicin accumulation upon blocking Pgp with drugs such as verapamil. A number of MDR cell lines have been described, characterized by decreased drug accumulation without Pgp being present. For such non‐Pgp MDR cells no gene probes or functional assays are available to study this phenotype in clinical tumor specimens. We have worked out a method which enables the detection of drug‐transport‐related decreases in cellular daunorubicin accumulations without the need for the use of specific Pgp blockers. The cells used were SW‐1573‐, GLC4‐ and HT1080‐sensitive cell lines, which accumulated (corrected for DNA content) 272%, 1,288% and 203% more daunorubicin than the non‐Pgp MDR sub lines SW‐1573/2RI20, GLC4/ADR and HTI080/DR4. When the plasma membranes of these MDR lines were permeabilized with 20 μM digitonin an increase to 282%, 1,260% and 239% of 14C‐daunorubicin control accumulation was measured (at pH = 7.35). The intracellular pH measured with BCECF was the same in parent and corresponding MDR cells, excluding the role of pH differences in the measured effects. This method provides a tool allowing the detection of cellular mechanisms (including Pgp) which are related to active outward transport of daunorubicin.
Isolation of cDNA clones corresponding to genes differentially expressed in two colon‐carcinoma cell lines differing by their tumorigenicity
Authors: Denis Marc G. , Chadeneau Corinne , Lustenberger Patrick , Mevel Bernard Le , Meflah Khaled 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn an effort to isolate genes involved in the progression of colonic cells leading to a carcinoma, we used as a model 2 rat colon‐carcinoma cell lines selected from the same tumor, differing by their tumorigenicity. When soluble, Triton‐X‐100 extracted, or cytoskeletal proteins from the progressive PROb cells and the regressive REGb cells were analyzed by SDS‐PAGE, minor differences were seen. Furthermore, mRNA‐cDNA hybridization analyses showed extensive homology between the 2 mRNA populations. Thus, the homology between the 2 clones is high at both the protein and the mRNA levels. A PROb cDNA library was hybridized with 32P‐cDNA synthesized from PROb or REGb mRNA. The clones giving a stronger signal when hybridized with the homologous PROb probe were isolated. The specificity of each clone was confirmed by RNA blotting. Most of the positive clones showed a 2‐ to 3‐fold higher expression in PROb cells when compared with REGb cells. One clone (J 13) corresponded to an mRNA 7‐ to 10‐fold more abundant in PROb cells, and was further studied. No gene amplification was detected by Southern blot analysis, indicating that the difference in mRNA content was most likely due to an increased transcription of this gene in PROb cells. Sequencing of the cDNA showed high homology with the rat ferritin light sub‐unit. Over‐expression of ferritin in PROb cells as compared with REGb cells was confirmed at the protein level using specific antibodies.
An autocrine mitogenic activity produced by a pleural human mesothelioma cell line
Authors: Lauber Béatrice , Leuthold Margrit , Schmitter Doris , Cano‐Santos Josefina , Waibel Robert , Stahel Rolf A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe pleural human mesothelioma cell line ZL5 established in our laboratory exhibits an unusual phenotype with adherent and floating cells. ZL5 cells grow in a chemically defined medium (ACL3*) and can be maintained over 3 weeks in protein‐free basal medium alone (RPMI). Basal medium conditioned by ZL5 cells possesses a mitogenic activity with an autocrine effect, as measured by cell counting and by a 3H‐thymidine incorporation assay. Moreover, the conditioned medium affects the DNA synthesis of a variety of other lung‐derived cells. The active principle of medium conditioned by ZL5 cells is not identical to the defined growth‐factors EGF, PDGF, and TGF‐β, known to stimulate the growth of normal human mesothelial cells: treatment with these factors does not mimic the effect of conditioned medium on ZL5 cells. Our observations suggest that the mesothelioma cell line ZL5 produces an unknown autocrine mitogen.
Regulation of human colon‐carcinoma cell adhesion to extracellular matrix by transforming growth factor β1
Authors: Chakrabarty Subhas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe regulatory effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) on the adhesion of human colon‐carcinoma cells to the extracellular matrix (ECM) was investigated. ECMs used in this study included tissue‐culture wells coated with fibronectin, laminin, collagen and BSA, as well as plastic wells. Three phenotypically different human colon‐carcinoma cell lines (Moser, HCT116, and KM 12SM) were used. The Moser cell line is moderately differentiated and, in terms of the diversity of responses elicited by TGF‐β1, is the human colon‐carcinoma cell line most responsive to TCP‐β1 as reported to date. By comparison, the undifferentiated HCT116 and the highly meta‐ static KM 12SM cells are unresponsive to this growth factor. We showed that TGF‐β1 regulated the adhesion responses of all 3 cell lines. However, the response profiles as well as the endogenous adhesive properties of each cell line were quite different from those of the others. Endogenous Arg‐Gly‐Asp(RGD)‐related receptors were present on the HCT 116 but not on the other cells. The observed regulatory effect of TGF‐β1 was contingent on the cell line, the type of ECM, and the growth‐factor treatment protocol used. When cells were treated with TGF‐PI for 16 hr prior to exposure to ECM in a 4‐hr adhesion assay, a significant increase in adhesion to fibronectin and collagen was observed for the Moser cells. For the identical experimental protocol, the KM 12SM cells responded by increas‐ ing adhesion to fibronectin, while the HCT 116 cells responded by decreasing adhesion to collagen. Kinetic analyses of TGF‐p I treatment showed that increased adhesion response to laminin was induced in the Moser cells after 2 hr of growth‐factor treatment. This response declined rapidly upon further exposure of the cells to TGF‐β1. Simultaneous exposure of cells to both TGF‐β1 and ECM negated the adhesion responses described above. The up‐modulation of adhesion to fibronectin, laminin and collagen by TGF‐β1 was mediated through RGD‐related integrin receptors. RGD‐containing peptides effectively blocked the enhanced adhesion responses induced by TGF‐β1.
Risk factors for tumors of the brain and meninges: Results from the Adelaide adult brain tumor study
Authors: Ryan Philip , Lee Marjorie W. , North J. Brian , McMichael Anthony J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population‐based case‐control study of incident primary brain tumors in adults was carried out in Adelaide, Australia in the period 1987 through 1990. It included 110 subjects with newly diagnosed primary glioma, 60 subjects with meningioma and 417 controls selected from the Australian Electoral Roll and frequency‐matched to cases for age (within 2 years), sex and postal code. Some interesting new associations were found: (I) an increased risk of glioma in women who reported working with cathode‐ray tubes (relative risk = 4.1, 95% confidence interval: 1.3–13.2); (2) a decreased risk of glioma in those with a history of allergic diseases (relative risk = 0.5, 95% confidence interval: 0.3–0.9); and (3) an increased risk of meningioma in those exposed to passive smoking from a spouse, especially amongst females (relative risk = 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.2–6.1). A pooled analysis of the multi‐center group of studies to which the present study belongs should allow more confident claims concerning risk factors for brain tumors.
Antibodies to human herpes virus‐6 and clinical course in patients with Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Levine Paul H. , Ebbesen Peter , Ablashi Dharam V. , Carl Saxinger W. , Nordentoft Axel , Connelly Roger R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerial serum samples from 37 patients with Hodgkin's disease (HD) and 39 healthy controls were studied for antibodies to human herpes virus‐6 (HHV‐6) using ELISA and indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) tests and to the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) using a radio‐complement fixation assay. Antibodies to HHV‐6 in the pre‐treatment sera from the HD patients were not significantly different from those of controls, but significant changes in titers related to clinical course were noted among the HD patients. HHV‐6 IFA titers increased significantly in the course of follow‐up in patients who relapsed and decreased significantly over time in patients who did not. These serologic studies support tissue‐based investigations indicating that EBV plays a greater etiologic role in HD than HHV‐6, although HHV‐6 serology may be of prognostic value or may assist in identifying individuals with immunologic abnormalities. The identification of diverse HHV‐6 antibody patterns using different assays may reflect the presence of a number of antibodies with varying implications, similar to those identified for EBV.
Descriptive epidemiology of male breast cancer in Europe
Authors: La Vecchia Carlo , Levi Fabio , Lucchini Franca 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTrends in death certification rates from male breast cancer over the period 1955–89 were analysed for 25 European countries (excluding the Soviet Union and a few small countries) on the basis of official data from the World Health Organization database. In the late 1980's, about 550–600 deaths per year from male breast cancer were certified in these countries. The variation was relatively limited, most age‐standardized (world standard) rates being within the range of 1.5 to 3.0 per million. The highest rates were in France, Hungary, Austria and Scotland. No clear pattern of trend was observed over the last few decades, but mortality rates in the late 1980's tended to be, for most countries, lower than those registered 3 decades earlier. Comparison was possible for 18 countries, and for 11 (including the largest ones, i.e. France, Germany, Italy and England and Wales), male breast cancer rates in 1985–89 were lower than in 1955–59. The pattern was similar when only truncated (from 35 to 64 years) mortality rates were considered and, for the largest countries, upon accurate inspection of age‐specific rates. In conclusion, therefore, this overview of male breast cancer trends in Europe precludes any generalized increase in mortality from the disease over recent decades and, hence, weighs against the introduction and presence of any important new cause of this rare disease.
Heterologous regulation of inositol lipid hydrolysis in human breast cancer cells by oestradiol 17β, bombesin and fluoroaluminate
Authors: Schrey M. P. , Furlong M. M. , Holt J. R. , Patel K. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractInositol lipid turnover has been implicated in the action of oestradiol 17β and bombesin‐related peptides on the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. In the present study, in addition to measuring inositol lipid turnover as indicated by inositol monophosphate (IP) accumulation, we have also monitored the effect of oestradiol on the incorporation of both 3H‐inositol and 14C‐glycerol into MCF‐7 cell phospholipids. Pre‐treatment of MCF‐7 cells with oestradiol (10 nM) for 48 hr stimulated a 4.3‐fold increase in IP production. This was similarly accompanied by a 3.4‐fold increase in the incorporation of 3H‐inositol into total phosphoinositides and a 40% increase in cell growth. The oestrogen antagonist LY117018 completely attenuated these effects. Oestradiol also stimulated 14C‐glycerol incorporation into phosphatidyl inositol, ‐choline and ‐ethanolamine by 97%, 82% and 99%, respectively. IP production in response to bombesin was potentiated by oestradiol in a dose‐dependent fashion. Fluoroaluminate (AIF4−) stimulated a dose‐dependent increase in IP production and oestradiol pre‐treatment increased the sensitivity of this IP response to AIF4−. Medroxyprogesterone acetate inhibited bombesin‐stimulated IP production but had no effect on the response to AIF4−. Our data suggest that the oestrogenic action on basal IP production in MCF‐7 cells may reflect an effect on inositol lipid synthesis rather than turnover. However, the potentiation by oestradiol of both bombesin‐ and AIF4−‐stimulated inositol lipid hydrolysis suggests the operation of a post‐receptor regulatory mechanism(s) which is independent of the inositol lipid pool size.
Comparison of 131I‐labelled anti‐episialin 139H2 with cisplatin, cyclophosphamide or external‐beam radiation for anti‐tumor efficacy in human ovarian cancer xenografts
Authors: Molthoff Carla F. M. , Pinedo Herbert M. , Schlüper Hennie M. M. , Rutgers Derk H. , Boven Epie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree human ovarian cancer xenografts of different origin and grown s.c. in nude mice as well‐established tumors were studied for their sensitivity to cisplatin (CDDP), cyclophosphamide (CTX), 131I‐labelled anti‐episialin monoclonal antibody (MAb) 139H2, or external‐beam radiotherapy. The maximum tolerated dose of CDDP given weekly i.v. × 2 induced a tumor growth inhibition (GI) of 77.5% and 85.1% of the serous xenografts Ov.Ri(C) and OVCAR‐3, respectively. The mucinous xenograft Ov.Pe was relatively resistant to CDDP. The maximum tolerated dose of CTX, given i.p. × 2 with a 2‐week interval, induced a GI between 52.9% and 59.7% for each of the 3 xenografts. Radioimmunotherapy with 500–750 μCi 131I‐specific MAb 139H2, administered i.v. × 2 with a 2‐week interval, was more effective than CDDP or CTX. The 500 μCi 131I‐MAb 139H2 schedule induced 100% GI in Ov.Ri(C) xenografts and all tumors were cured. The same schedule was slightly less effective in OVCAR‐3 xenografts, but complete tumor regressions could still be obtained. Ov.Pe xenografts were least sensitive to radioimmunotherapy. The 2 injections of 500 μ‐Ci 131I‐control MAb gave only transient growth inhibition of OVCAR‐3 and Ov.Pe tumors, but gave complete regressions of Ov.Ri(C) xenografts. Biodistribution using tracer doses of 131I‐MAb 139H2 and 125I‐control MAb showed different degrees of specificity for MAb 139H2 in the 3 xenografts. Radiation doses absorbed in Ov.Ri(C), OVCAR‐3 and Ov.Pe xenografts per 10 μCi injected dose were 30, 41 and 29 cGy respectively. Treatment with 10 Gy external‐beam radiation suggested that the effects of radioimmunotherapy in each tumor line were related to the intrinsic radiosensitivity of the xenografts.
Visualization of oxidative processes at the cellular level during neutrophil‐mediated cytotoxicity against a human hepatoma cell line, HCC‐M
Authors: Saito Hidetsugu , Fukumura Dai , Kurose Iwao , Suematsu Makoto , Tada Shinichiro , Kagawa Tatehiro , Miura Soichiro , Morizane Toshio , Tsuchiya Masaharu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman neutrophil‐mediated oxidative processes against a human hepatoma cell line, HCC‐M, was visualized at the cellular level by using a silicon‐intensified target camera and subsequently processing with a computer‐assisted digital‐imaging processor. Neutrophils were activated by a streptococcal preparation, OK‐432. A hydroperoxide‐sensitive tracer, dichlorofluorescin diacetate, was loaded in HCC‐M and temporal and spatial changes of lipid peroxides in this cell after addition of stimulated neutrophils were analyzed. The luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence activity of neutrophils was significantly enhanced and continued for at least 2 hr by stimulation with OK‐432, and its activity was shown to be accumulated at the site where a neutrophil attached with HCC‐M. The intensity of dichlorofluorescein fluorescence in HCC‐M rapidly increased after adding stimulated neutrophils, and their reaction was significantly attenuated by superoxide dismutase. The number of non‐viable cells was increased as the dichlorofluorescein fluorescence increased. It is suggested that oxidative stress may play an important role in neutrophil‐mediated tumor‐cell damage.
Intestinal brush‐border‐associated enzymes: Co‐ordinated expression in colorectal cancer
Authors: Real Francisco X. , Xu Mai , RosaVilá M. , de Bolós Carme 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe brush border of normal small‐intestine epithelial cells is rich in enzymes that are involved in the digestive process. Such molecules can be used as markers to analyze cell lineages and differentiation properties of colorectal cancers. Monoclonal antibodies detecting dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV, aminopeptidase N, endopeptidase F, sucrase‐isomaltase, alkaline phosphatase, maltase‐glucoamylase and lactase have been used to analyze the phenotype of colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa and histologically normal distant mucosa. The avidin‐biotin peroxidase complex method was used. Expression of dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV, aminopeptidase N, sucrase‐isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase was common in non‐neoplastic mucosa adjacent to, and distant from, the tumor; in contrast, endopeptidase F, maltase‐glucoamylase and lactase were rarely expressed in normal distant mucosa and more frequently expressed in mucosa adjacent to the tumor. Dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV, aminopeptidase N, endopeptidase F, sucrase‐isomaltase and alkaline phosphatase were frequently expressed in colorectal cancers, whereas maltase‐glucoamylase and lactase were rarely expressed. Two general patterns of antibody reactivity were observed: diffuse cytoplasmic and apical; apical reactivity was generally associated with more differentiated tumors. A logistic predictive regression model indicated that enzyme expression in colorectal cancers followed a coordinate pattern, but was unrelated to the location of the tumor, Dukes stage or differentiation grade. In conclusion, expression of brush‐border‐associated enzymes occurs frequently in colorectal cancers and is regulated in a co‐ordinated manner. These markers can be used for the phenotypic sub‐classification of colorectal cancers.
Clinical pharmacokinetic study of tiazofurin administered as a 1‐hour infusion
Authors: Jayaram Hiremagalur N. , Lapis Erzsebet , Tricot Guido , Kneebone Patricia , Paulik Edith , Zhen Weining , Engeler George P. , Hoffman Ronald , Weber George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTiazofurin, 2‐β‐d‐ribofuranosylthiazole‐4‐carboxamide, is cytotoxic to murine and human tumor cells. In earlier Phase‐I/‐II trials performed in other centers in patients with solid tumors, the drug was given mainly as a 10‐min bolus or as a continuous i.v. infusion for 5 days. These protocols were associated with serious side effects, including neurotoxicity, pleuropericarditis, and occasional myelosuppression. In our study, 26 patients with end‐stage leukemia were treated with tiazofurin with I‐hr daily i.v. infusions, resulting in lower incidence and less severity of side effects. In this group, 7 attained complete remission and 7 showed hematologic responses. Out of 12 evaluable patients with myeloid blast crisis of chronic granulocytic leukemia, 10 (83%) responded to therapy, with 6 attaining complete response. We present pharmacokinetic parameters of our clinical study and examine some of the reasons for the lower toxicity found in our trials. In leukemic patients during and after infusion at doses of 1,100, 2,200 and 3,300 mg/m2 tiazofurin peak plasma concentrations were 245, 441 and 736 μM, respectively, values one‐half of those calculated from other reports with a 10‐min bolus administration. In our I ‐hr infusion method, biphasic pharmacokinetics were noted with αt1/2 and βt1/2 of 0.5 and 6.2 hr, and tiazofurin was eliminated at a faster rate than in previous trials with continuous infusion. The area under the curve with our I ‐hr infusion was 52% of that reported for the same dose given by continuous infusion. Our I ‐hr infusion method and prompt and effective treatment of side effects enabled us to administer higher doses and larger total amounts of tiazofurin in longer treatment cycles than in any previous trials elsewhere. Tiazofurin therapy using I ‐hr infusion may be feasible for other carefully selected types of malignancies.