bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Protocol for a magnetic resonance imaging study of participants in the fever RCT: Does fever control prevent brain injury in malaria?
Authors: Chilombe Moses B. , Seydel Karl B. , Hammond Colleen A. , Mwanza Suzanna , Patel Archana A. , Lungu Frank , wa Somwe Somwe , Kampondeni Sam , Potchen Michael J. , McDermott Michael P. , Birbeck Gretchen L. 
Published: April 2024

Background
Despite eradication efforts, ~135,000 African children sustained brain injuries as a result of central nervous system (CNS) malaria in 2021. Newer antimalarial medications rapidly clear peripheral parasitemia and improve survival, but mortality remains high with no associated decline in post-malaria neurologic injury. A randomized controlled trial of aggressive antipyretic therapy with acetaminophen and ibuprofen (Fever RCT) for malarial fevers being conducted in Malawi and Zambia began enrollment in 2019. We propose to use neuroimaging in the context of the RCT to further evaluate neuroprotective effects of aggressive antipyretic therapy.

Methods
This observational magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ancillary study will obtain neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes in children previously enrolled in the Fever RCT at 1- and 12-months post discharge. Analysis will compare the odds of any brain injury between the aggressive antipyretic therapy and usual care groups based upon MRI structural abnormalities. For children unable to undergo imaging without deep sedation, neurodevelopmental and behavioral outcomes will be used to identify brain injury.

Discussion
Neuroimaging is a well-established, valid proxy for neurological outcomes after brain injury in pediatric CNS malaria. This MRI ancillary study will add value to the Fever RCT by determining if treatment with aggressive antipyretic therapy is neuroprotective in CNS malaria. It may also help elucidate the underlying mechanism(s) of neuroprotection and expand upon FEVER RCT safety assessments.
Evaluation of the Universal Salt Iodization (USI) surveillance system in Tanzania, 2022
Authors: Mahwera David , Killel Erick , Jonas Ninael , Hancy Adam , Zangira Anna , Lekey Aika , Msaki Rose , Katana Doris , Kishimba Rogath , Charwe Debora , Abdallah Fatma , Chiduo Geofrey , Masumo Ray , Leyna Germana , Mchau Geofrey 
Published: April 2024

Background
The evaluation of surveillance systems has been recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) to identify the performance and areas for improvement. Universal salt iodization (USI) as one of the surveillance systems in Tanzania needs periodic evaluation for its optimal function. This study aimed at evaluating the universal salt iodization (USI) surveillance system in Tanzania from January to December 2021 to find out if the system meets its intended objectives by evaluating its attributes as this was the first evaluation of the USI surveillance system since its establishment in 2010. The USI surveillance system is key for monitoring the performance towards the attainment of universal salt iodization (90%).

Methodology
This evaluation was guided by the Center for Disease Control Guidelines for Evaluating Public Health Surveillance Systems, (MMWR) to evaluate USI 2021 data. The study was conducted in Kigoma region in March 2022. Both Purposive and Convenient sampling was used to select the region, district, and ward for the study. The study involved reviewing documents used in the USI system and interviewing the key informants in the USI program. Data analysis was done by Microsoft Excel and presented in tables and graphs.

Results
A total of 1715 salt samples were collected in the year 2021 with 279 (16%) of non-iodized salt identified. The majority of the system attributes 66.7% had a good performance with a score of three, 22.2% had a moderate performance with a score of two and one attribute with poor performance with a score of one. Data quality, completeness and sensitivity were 100%, acceptability 91.6%, simplicity 83% were able to collect data on a single sample in < 2 minutes, the system stability in terms of performance was >75% and the usefulness of the system had poor performance.

Conclusion
Although the system attributes were found to be working overall well, for proper surveillance of the USI system, the core attributes need to be strengthened. Key variables that measure the system performance must be included from the primary data source and well-integrated with the Local Government (district and regions) to Ministry of Health information systems.
Untargeted metabolomics reveals that declined PE and PC in obesity may be associated with prostate hyperplasia
Authors: Fan Guorui , Guan Xiaohai , Guan Bo , Zhu Hongfei , Pei Yongchao , Jiang Chonghao , Xiao Yonggui , Li Zhiguo , Cao Fenghong 
Published: April 2024

Background
Recent studies have shown that obesity may contribute to the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). However, the mechanism of this pathogenesis is not fully understood.

Methods
A prospective case–control study was conducted with 30 obese and 30 nonobese patients with BPH. Prostate tissues were collected and analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography ion mobility coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IMS-Q-TOF).

Results
A total of 17 differential metabolites (3 upregulated and 14 downregulated) were identified between the obese and nonobese patients with BPH. Topological pathway analysis indicated that glycerophospholipid (GP) metabolism was the most important metabolic pathway involved in BPH pathogenesis. Seven metabolites were enriched in the GP metabolic pathway. lysoPC (P16:0/0:0), PE (20:0/20:0), PE (24:1(15Z)/18:0), PC (24:1(15Z)/14:0), PC (15:0/24:0), PE (24:0/18:0), and PC (16:0/18:3(9Z,12Z,15Z)) were all significantly downregulated in the obesity group, and the area under the curve (AUC) of LysoPC (P-16:0/0/0:0) was 0.9922. The inclusion of the seven differential metabolites in a joint prediction model had an AUC of 0.9956. Thus, both LysoPC (P-16:0/0/0:0) alone and the joint prediction model demonstrated good predictive ability for obesity-induced BPH mechanisms.

Conclusions
In conclusion, obese patients with BPH had a unique metabolic profile, and alterations in PE and PC in these patients be associated with the development and progression of BPH.
The effects of dance interventions on physical function and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults: A systematic review
Authors: Lu Jingting , Abd Rahman Nur Athirah , Wyon Matthew , Shaharudin Shazlin 
Published: April 2024

Background
Fundamental physical functions such as postural control and balance are vital in preserving everyday life, affecting an individual’s quality of life. Dance is a physical activity that offers health advantages across various life stages. Nevertheless, the effects of dance interventions on physical function, postural control, and quality of life among older adults have remained underexplored. The review aimed to examine the strength of evidence for dance interventions on physical function and quality of life among middle-aged and older adults.

Methods
A systematic review was conducted across four databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Medline), focusing on studies involving more than four weeks of dance interventions. MeSH terms [dance or dance intervention or dance rehabilitation or dance movement] and [motor function or functional capacity or postural control or functional mobility or mobility or postural balance or balance or flexibility or gait] and [well-being or quality of life or life satisfaction] were utilized in the search. This review was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42023422857). Included studies were assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias.

Results
The search revealed 885 studies, and 16 met the inclusion criteria. The effects of various dance genres on physical functions and quality of life were compared. Most studies showed that dance intervention improved physical function, balance, postural control and quality of life. Dance intervention showed a high level of adherence compared to physiotherapy, self-care, conventional therapy, and aerobic and resistance exercise.

Conclusion
In terms of improving physical function and quality of life, structured dance is a safe and relatively effective alternative to exercise. Note the effect of movement selection and intensity in the dance interventions. Dance with music may increase participants’ interest, encouraging more physical activity among middle-aged and older adults.
Self-administration medication errors at home and its predictors among illiterate and low-literate community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy: A negative binomial hierarchical regression
Authors: Ghassab-Abdollahi Nafiseh , Nadrian Haidar , Shaseb Elnaz , Kheirollahi Narges , Hashemiparast Mina 
Published: April 2024

Background
Older adults with polypharmacy are more prone to medication errors. People with low educational attainment have more difficulties in taking their medications.

Objectives
This study aimed to identify the extent of medication self-administration errors (MSEs) and the contributing factors among illiterate and low-literate community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy.

Method
The present cross-sectional study was conducted among people aged 60 and above. The data were collected using the sociodemographic, clinical, and Belief about Medicines Questionnaires (BMQ). To determine the extent of MSE, a medication error checklist was used. The negative binomial hierarchical regression model in the five blocks was performed.

Results
The final sample size was 276 people. The frequency of MSEs in the last 6 months was 69.2%. Sixteen percent of participants had made four or more mistakes. The most common MSEs were forgetting, improper taking of medications with food, improper timing, incorrect dosage (lower dose), and forgetting the doctor’s instructions. Near 18% of participants reported adverse events following their mistakes. The significant predictors of MSEs were being completely illiterate (p = 0.021), the higher number of doctor visits per year (p = 0.014), irregularly seeing doctors (p < .001), the higher number of medications (p < .001), and having poor medication beliefs (p < .001).

Conclusion
Despite the high prevalence of MSEs among older patients, practical strategies to deal with them at their homes have not been established among health systems. MSE as a multifactorial event can be caused by a collection of internal and external factors. Further studies to identify the role of patients, clinicians, procedures, and systems in developing MSEs as interconnected components are needed.
Relying on the French territorial offer of thermal spa therapies to build a care pathway for long COVID-19 patients
Authors: Chaze Milhan , Mériade Laurent , Rochette Corinne , Bailly Mélina , Bingula Rea , Blavignac Christelle , Duclos Martine , Evrard Bertrand , Fournier Anne Cécile , Pelissier Lena , Thivel David ,   on behalf of CAUVIM-19 Group
Published: April 2024

Background
Work on long COVID-19 has mainly focused on clinical care in hospitals. Thermal spa therapies represent a therapeutic offer outside of health care institutions that are nationally or even internationally attractive. Unlike local care (hospital care, general medicine, para-medical care), their integration in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients seems little studied. The aim of this article is to determine what place french thermal spa therapies can take in the care pathway of long COVID-19 patients.

Methods
Based on the case of France, we carry out a geographic mapping analysis of the potential care pathways for long COVID-19 patients by cross-referencing, over the period 2020–2022, the available official data on COVID-19 contamination, hospitalisations in intensive care units and the national offer of spa treatments. This first analysis allows us, by using the method for evaluating the attractiveness of an area defined by David Huff, to evaluate the accessibility of each French department to thermal spas.

Results
Using dynamic geographical mapping, this study describes two essential criteria for the integration of the thermal spa therapies offer in the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients (attractiveness of spa areas and accessibility to thermal spas) and three fundamental elements for the success of these pathways (continuity of the care pathways; clinical collaborations; adaptation of the financing modalities to each patient). Using a spatial attractiveness method, we make this type of geographical analysis more dynamic by showing the extent to which a thermal spa is accessible to long COVID-19 patients.

Conclusion
Based on the example of the French spa offer, this study makes it possible to place the care pathways of long COVID-19 patients in a wider area (at least national), rather than limiting them to clinical and local management in a hospital setting. The identification and operationalization of two geographical criteria for integrating a type of treatment such as a spa cure into a care pathway contributes to a finer conceptualization of the construction of healthcare pathways.
How realist reviews might be helpful to further insights in Problem-Based Learning
Authors: Bendermacher Guy , Dolmans Diana , Oude Egbrink Mirjam 
Published: April 2024

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) can take many different shapes but has as a common denominator that it builds on the theoretical principles of collaborative, constructive, contextual, and self-directed learning. Systematic review approaches that aim to provide insight in what features make PBL ‘work’ generally fall short, as they tend to disregard the impact of specific implementation contexts. The realist review approach seems to be promising in this respect, as this type of review aims to address the comprehensive question ‘what works for whom, in what circumstances, in what respects, and how?’ This article elaborates on the theoretical foundation of the realist review approach, provides examples and a step-by step description of how realist reviews can be conducted, and sketches a promising perspective on these reviews can contribute to further PBL theory building.
Parafrasa Lirik Lagu Bertema Pelacur Karya Iwan Fals
Authors: Hermintoyo Muhamad 
Published: April 2024

Song lyrics, just like poetry has a physical element and an inner element. In the hands of creative authors will look aesthetically pleasing by utilizing diction, rhymes, imagery and rhetorical means. The exact diction of the ability to capture the senses provides imagery, and setting on the lyrics he makes. Lyrics are generated from real life, squeally in the form of imagined imitations of life. The theme of nightlife is directly related to the perpetrators, such as prostitutes/ prostitutes/ prostitutes/ night butterflies/ tunasusila/ pramunikmat and other terms; bromocorah/ criminal/ residivis; striped nose guest and so on. Iwan Fals as a lyricist and songwriter was able to photograph the social life of the night world. The lyrics of the song "Lonteku" paraphrasing the relationship of the prostitute who protects her boyfriend as a recidivist who is being pursued by officers.They have a special relationship. Their lives live each other accepting the circumstances and it is preserved. The lyrics to "Doa Pengobral Dosa" depict a low-end prostitute living in an unused train carriage, with cheap thick makeup, waiting for customers who don't come. His heart is worried about the fate of his children. Contradictory as a human being even though he worked contrary to religious morals, customs and state laws, he still mentioned his God in his prayer.
Wujud Aparatus Ideologi Negara dan Aparatus Represif Negara dalam Novel Babad Kopi Parahyangan Karya Evi Sri Rezeki
Authors: Sabilillah Muhsin , Noor Redyanto , Umam Khothibul 
Published: April 2024

Wujud Aparatus Ideologi Negara dan Aparatus Represif Negara yang hadir dalam novel Babad Kopi Parahyangan karya Evi Sri Rezeki yang terbit pada tahun 2020 berusaha diidentifikasi melalui penelitian ini. Penelitian sosiologi sastra ini dikaji dengan data-data kualitatif melalui metode studi pustaka. Penulis menggunakan konsep Louis Althusser tentang Aparatus Ideologi Negara dan Aparatus Represif Negara dalam esainya Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (2014) untuk menganalisis wujud Aparatus Ideologi Negara dan Aparatus Represif Negara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Aparatus Ideologi Negara yang teridentifikasi dalam penelitian ini memiliki efek estetis dan naratif yakni memengaruhi tindakan dan pikiran tokoh-tokoh juga menjadi latar dalam novel Babad Kopi Parahyangan; dan (2) Aparatus Represif Negara yang teridentifikasi dalam penelitian ini memberikan kontrol koersif pada tokoh-tokoh yang kontra terhadap agenda-agenda negara yang diceritakan novel Babad Kopi Parahyangan karya Evi Sri Rezeki.Kata Kunci: Ideologi, Aparatus Ideologi Negara, Aparatus Represif Negara, Sosiologi Sastra, Babad Kopi Parahyangan.
Government Expenditure, Education, and Productivity in the European Union: Effects on Economic Growth
Authors: Coronel Vicente J. , Díaz-Roldán Carmen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this article, we will analyse the effects of public spending on education on productivity, wages, and growth at European Union level. We are trying to find out to what extent education expenditures and human capital contribute to improving productivity, achieving higher wages, and enhancing the standard of living of the population, as measured by per capita growth. Our results do not show a clear and direct relationship between public expenditure on education and productivity, but an indirect relationship through the acquisition of a higher level of human capital and technological skills, which leads to output increases.
Vibration prediction with a method based on the absorption property of blast-induced seismic waves: A case study
Authors: Ercins Serdar 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In cases where blast vibrations cannot be measured with seismographs, empirical formulas are commonly used to predict vibration by specifying the peak particle velocity (PPV)-scale distance (SD) relationship. A new approach that provides important information about the relationship of seismic waves generated by blasting with rocks is the seismic quality factor (Q). The Q Factor depends on variables such as measurement distance, geological conditions, frequency, and seismic velocity. In this study, the seismic data obtained from blasting were used to determine the Q factor of the field, which in turn determines the Q value of the site. Blast vibrations were calculated using field equations derived from both the conventional and Q-factor methods. The vibration values measured by seismographs were then compared with the calculated data. The Q factor method, which takes into account the frequency content of the seismic waves, the velocity of the surface waves, and the absorption and damping properties of the seismic waves, predicted the vibration velocity with values very close to reality. However, the values obtained using the PPV-SD method are incompatible with the measurement results. The Q method is highly effective in cases where vibration measurement is not feasible. Additionally, the significance of directional changes in predicting blast vibrations is emphasized.
The Christian Elephant in the Meccan Room: Dye, Tesei, and Shoemaker on the Date of the Qurʾān
Authors: Sinai Nicolai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A great number of qurʾānic passages exhibit demonstrable intersections with Christian traditions, and sometimes the Qurʾān even addresses Christians directly. Guillaume Dye, Tommaso Tesei, and Stephen Shoemaker have recently argued that this is difficult to reconcile with our current lack of evidence for organized Christian communities in the pre-Islamic Ḥijāz. Accordingly, all three scholars maintain that much of the Qurʾān ought to be decoupled from the preaching of Muḥammad (whose historical existence they do not deny). While recognizing the pertinence of the explanatory challenge identified by Dye, Tesei, and Shoemaker, this article suggests that the problem may be somewhat less acute than it is made out to be. The article then proceeds to a critical examination of the alternative scenario for the genesis of the Qurʾān that is offered, in different variations, by Dye, Tesei, and Shoemaker. This scenario is found to give rise to a number of explanatory difficulties of its own that have not so far been satisfactorily addressed. By way of an appendix, the article includes an extended critique of Shoemaker and Dye’s claim that the Jesus-and-Mary pericope in Sūrah 19 most likely reflects a post-conquest Palestinian milieu.
Idempotents which are products of two nilpotents
Authors: Călugăreanu Grigore , Pop Horia F. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over any GCD (greatest common divisor) commutative domain we show that the nontrivial

2
×
2

2\times 2

idempotent matrices are products of two nilpotent matrices. In order to find explicitly such decompositions, two procedures are described. Assisted by computer, we were able to find an example of idempotent

2
×
2

2\times 2

matrix over

Z

[

−
5

]

{\mathbb{Z}}\left[\sqrt{-5}]

, which shows that the GCD condition is (sufficient but) not necessary. Finally, a generalization is discussed and some open questions stated.
Medieval Cyprus and the Marzipan Trade
Authors: Weaver William Woys 
Published: April 2024

This article is a preliminary glimpse into the marzipan trade between Cyprus and the West during the late Middle Ages. It is important to keep in mind that the medieval marzipan trade with the West was only one dimension of an elaborate tradition of marzipan and similar nut-and-sugar confections (such as fistikata – a type of sweet pistachio paste – as it was called in medieval Cypriot Greek) that played an integral role in the Christian religious practices of the eastern Mediterranean. Marzipan was associated not with Christmas as it has evolved in the West, but rather with a number of important calendrical observances that were designated religious feast days during the medieval period. Most of these special days were celebrated in Cyprus by both the Greek and Latin confessions; the two religious traditions often mingled and produced hybrid observances that did not always meet with approval in Rome.
The Golden Wattle Cookery Book
Authors: Gross Jan 
Published: April 2024

The author examines her copy of the Golden Wattle Cookery Book inherited from her mother. This utilitarian book (first published in 1924) was intended to aid housewives preparing for life in the state of Western Australia. Along with recipes, the edition contains many advertisements indicative of the period and the conditions that the new residents (often from abroad) would have to contend with. The author makes some comparisons between her edition dating from the 1930s with a newer edition (2009) and finds many differences.
A Conspicuous Meal
Authors: Beerden Kim 
Published: April 2024

In the Roman world, as now, wealth could be shown in many ways: one way would be by consuming conspicuously in the narrow sense of the word: eating and drinking lavishly in order to impress your guests. In spite of sumptuary laws introduced in 215 BC, Romans found ways of displaying their wealth through what they ate. This paper explores some of their techniques. Three case studies, of dormice, thrushes, and snails, which focus on the ways they were fattened and the ways in which they were prepared, will illustrate the relationship between fattening and conspicuous consumption in Rome.