bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PKC 412 small‐molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Authors: El Fitori Jamael , Su Yun , Büchler Peter , Ludwig Roman , Giese Nathalia A. , Büchler Markus W. , Quentmeier Hilmar , Hines Oscar J. , Herr Ingrid , Friess Helmut 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.PKC412 is a kinase inhibitor that blocks protein kinase C (PKC), vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, platelet‐derived growth factor receptor FLT3, and other class III receptor tyrosine kinases. The enthusiasm for this compound is based on its inhibitory effect even in the case of FLT3 mutations. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of FLT3 in pancreatic cancer and to study the biological activity of combined inhibition of neovascularization and mitogenesis in this disease.METHODS.FLT3 expression was analyzed in 18 pancreatic cancer specimens by real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTQ‐PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Sixteen pancreatic cancer cell lines were screened for ITD and D835 point mutations of the FLT3 gene. MTT assays and anchorage‐independent growth assays were used to study cell growth. Flow cytometry was used for cell cycle analysis and apoptosis quantification. In vivo AsPC‐1 and HPAF‐II cells were used for orthotopic tumor modeling. Immunohistochemistry was used to quantify tumor angiogenesis.RESULTS.FLT3 expression is down‐regulated in pancreatic cancer. Activating FLT3 mutations (ITD, D835) were not detectable in any of the pancreatic cancer cell lines. Cell growth was significantly inhibited as cell‐cycle progression was reduced and programmed cell death increased. In vivo PKC412 therapy resulted in a significant inhibition of orthotopic tumor growth with abrogation of tumor angiogenesis.CONCLUSIONS.These data highlight that PKC412 may be a new compound in target therapy of inoperable pancreatic cancer patients and suggest a potential role for the combined use of broad spectrum kinase inhibitors in the management of these patients. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Plugging grids into computing portals: the PROGRESS grid resource broker plug‐in mechanism
Authors: Bogdanski Maciej , Kosiedowski Michal , Mazurek Cezary , Rabiega Marzena , Wolniewicz Malgorzata 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe grid research that has been intensely undertaken in the recent years has resulted in a long list of excellent solutions for the access to and utilization of powerful remote computing resources. Some of these solutions have emerged into standards or good practices widely accepted by the grid community. However, a lot of other important standards are yet to be found and the range of available middleware, protocols and services causes not only a serious problem when deciding on the technology to be used for a particular grid environment, but also poses a major challenge when trying to solve some ongoing issues. The lack of standards and heterogeneity of the grid middleware used is, for example, a big challenge when designing science gateways that are set to provide the scientific community with means of accessing the vast amount of the powerful grid resources delivered by multiple independent grid infrastructures administered by different types of grid management systems. In this paper, we present a method by which we addressed this problem within the PROGRESS project and how it resulted in the design of the grid resource broker plug‐in mechanism, which allows the enabling of resources belonging to heterogeneous grid infrastructures within a computing portal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of CdCl2 treatment on properties of CdTe thin films grown by evaporation at low substrate temperatures
Authors: Bacaksiz E. , Altunbaş M. , Yılmaz S. , Tomakin M. , Parlak M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe structural, morphological and optical properties of vacuum‐evaporated CdTe thin films were investigated as a function of substrate temperature and post‐deposition annealing without and with CdCl2/treatment at 400°C for 30 min. Diffraction patterns are almost the same exhibiting higher preferential orientation corresponding to (111) plane of the cubic phase. The intensity of the (111) peak increased with the CdCl2/annealing treatment. The microstructure observed for all films following the CdCl2/annealing treatment are granular, regardless of the as‐deposited microstructure. The grain sizes are increased after the CdCl2/annealing treatment but now contain voids around the grain boundaries. The optical band gaps, Eg, were found to be 1.50, 1.50 and 1.48 eV for films deposited at 200 K and annealed without and with CdCl2/treatment at 400°C for 30 min respectively. A progressive sharpening of the absorption edge upon heat treatment particularly for the CdCl2/treated was observed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controlled synthesis of various morphologies of nanostructured zinc oxide: flower, nanoplate, and urchin
Authors: Shang Tong‐Ming , Sun Jian‐Hua , Zhou Quan‐Fa , Guan Ming‐Yun 
Published: August 2007

AbstractNanoplates, flower‐like nanostructure of ZnO were successfully synthesized by employing ZnSO4·7H2O, NaOH as the starting materials at 120°C under hydrothermal condition. Keeping the same parameters, ZnO urchin shape was obtained by addition of vitamin C at 190°C. Characterizations were carried out by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) at room temperature. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern confirms that the product is single crystalline nature. The possible formation mechanisms for synthesized ZnO nanosturcture with various morphologies have also been proposed. PL spectrum from the ZnO flower‐like structures reveals weak UV emission and strong green emission. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis and crystal structure of langbeinite related mixed‐metal phosphates K1.822Nd0.822Zr1.178(PO4)3 and K2LuZr(PO4)3
Authors: Ogorodnyk I. V. , Zatovsky I. V. , Baumer V. N. , Slobodyanik N. S. , Shishkin O. V. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo potassium lanthanide zirconium orthophosphates with general composition K1.822Nd0.822Zr1.178(PO4)3 (KNdZrP) and K2LuZr(PO4)3 (KLuZrP) were prepared using the flux technique. Original synthetic procedure has been examined for the flux growth of the complex phosphates containing zirconium and lanthanide. Both compounds have been synthesized in the complex melts containing at the same time potassium phosphates and transition metal fluorides. The structures were solved from the single crystal (KNdZrP) and powder (KLuZrP) X‐ray diffraction data. Both compounds are isotypic to langbeinite mineral and crystallize in cubic system (sp. gr. P213) with the cell parameters a = 10.3228(2) and a = 10.29668(5) Å respectively. The rigid framework is built up from the isolated [MO6] octahedra and [PO4] tetrahedra interlinked via vertices. The potassium cations are located in the large closed cavities of the framework. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Two Novel Species, (Methoxycarbonyl)sulfenyl Thiocyanate and (Methoxycarbonyl)sulfenyl Selenocyanate: Spectroscopic Characterization by Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Quantum Chemical Investigation
Authors: Du Lin , Yao Li , Ge Maofa 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTwo novel dichalcogens, (methoxycarbonyl)sulfenyl thiocyanate, CH3OC(O)SSCN, and (methoxycarbonyl)sulfenyl selenocyanate, CH3OC(O)SSeCN have been generated in a convenient way by gas‐solid reactions between CH3OC(O)SCl and AgSCN or AgSeCN. Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical calculations have been performed to investigate their electronic and geometrical structures. Both compounds are theoretically predicted to prefer gauche structure as the most stable conformation. In CH3OC(O)SSCN, the S–S bond length and the dihedral angle around the S–S bond for the most stable conformer are 2.075 Å and 80.5°, respectively. And the S–Se bond length and the dihedral angle around the S–Se bond in CH3OC(O)SSeCN are predicted to be 2.210 Å and 80.4°, respectively. The first vertical ionization energies of CH3OC(O)SSCN and CH3OC(O)SSeCN are determined to be 10.19 and 9.84 eV, respectively. The HOMOs correspond to the electron mainly localized on the S 3p or Se 4p lone pair MOs: {38a(nS(SCN))}–1 and {47a(nSe)}–1, respectively. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The source of dietary fatty acids alters the activity of secretory sphingomyelinase in the rat
Authors: Drachmann Tue , Mathiessen Jacob H. , Pedersen Maiken H. , Hellgren Lars I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSecretory sphingomyelinase (sSMase) has been suggested to be involved in the development of cardiovascular diseases as well as other human pathologies. To deduce whether dietary fatty acid composition affects the circulating activity of this enzyme, we have compared its activity in serum from rats that had been given a diet containing either butter or a highly n‐6 polyunsaturated [grapeseed oil (GSO)] fat source for 14 wk. The results show that intake of GSO increases the activity of this ceramide‐producing enzyme by about 45%, when compared with intake of butter (387 ± 16 pmol/mL·h vs. 266 ± 15 pmol/mL·h; p <0.001). Furthermore, there was a strong negative correlation between sSMase activity and n‐3 PUFA concentration in serum (p <0.001). Despite the substantial increase in activity, there was no difference in either the circulating substrate (sphingomyelin) or product (ceramide) in the serum. However, since the sSMase activity in the endothelial wall has been implicated to be involved in both atherogenesis and thrombosis, these findings are of interest in the interpretation of dietary fatty acid effects on cardiovascular health.
Influence of native antioxidants on the formation of fatty acid hydroperoxides in model systems
Authors: Nogala‐Kalucka Malgorzata , Kupczyk Bogumila , Polewski Krzysztof , Siger Aleksander , Dwiecki Krzysztof 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effect of alpha‐tocopherol (alpha‐T) and quercetin on the formation of hydroperoxides of linoleic and linolenic acids during autoxidation at 60 ± 1 °C was investigated. Three isomers of hydroperoxides were detected using HPLC. Of isomers of linoleic acid hydroperoxides, 13‐hydroperoxy‐octadecadienoic acid trans‐trans (13‐HPODE t‐t), 9‐HPODE cis‐trans (9‐HPODE c‐t) and 9‐HPODE trans‐trans (9‐HPODE t‐t) were identified, constituting 64, 19 and 17% of the total amount, respectively. For linolenic acid, the components 13‐hydroperoxy‐octadecatrienoic acid trans‐trans (13‐HPOTE t‐t), 9‐HPOTE c‐t and 9‐HPOTE t‐t contributed 7, 33 and 60% to the total, respectively. The different dominant hydroperoxide isomers detected in linoleic and linolenic acids during oxidation are related to their chemical structure and the microenvironment of emulsion droplets. The ratios between specific isomers for both fatty acid hydroperoxides did not change during oxidation with or without antioxidants. Alpha‐T effectively inhibited the oxidation of fatty acids and reduced the formation of hydroperoxides. The total amount of the hydroperoxides decreased along with the increase in the concentration of alpha‐T, 1–40 µM. Quercetin inhibited the oxidation of both fatty acids at similar efficiency only at 40 µM concentration. A synergistic antioxidant effect of quercetin with alpha‐T in a binary system on both fatty acids was observed.
Preparation and Reactivity of Chalcogenyl Phosphonates and Phosphane Oxides
Authors: Silveira Claudio C. , Rinaldi Francieli , Guadagnin Rafael C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe preparation of new bis[(diphenylphosphinoyl)methyl] sulfides, selenides, and tellurides is described by the reaction of (diphenylphosphinoyl)methyl p‐toluenesulfonate with sodium chalcogenides. The title compounds are subjected to Horner–Wittig‐type reactions with aldehydes and ketones to give symmetrical divinylic sulfides, selenides, and tellurides with preferential (E) stereochemistry. Unsymmetrical divinylic sulfides can be prepared by the use of an appropriate carbonyl compound.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Ambiphilic Compounds: Synthesis and Structure of a Phosphane–Borane with a Flexible Diphenyl Ether Tether
Authors: Bebbington Magnus W. P. , Bouhadir Ghenwa , Bourissou Didier 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe preparation of desired phosphane–borane 1 involves selective lithiation trapping of 2‐bromo‐2′‐iododiphenyl ether 3 to give bromophosphane 4 followed by a second lithiation/electrophilic trapping to install the boron fragment. The structure of the new phosphane–borane was verified by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction studies. A problematic intramolecular cyclization of lithiated intermediate 7 in THF was prevented by the use of toluene as the solvent. This result will also be of interest to chemists seeking to prepare related unsymmetrical diphosphanes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
In‐column fiber‐optic laser‐induced fluorescence detection for CE
Authors: Yang Xiupei , Yuan Hongyan , Wang Chunlin , Zhao Shulin , Xiao Dan , Choi Martin M. F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA highly sensitive in‐column fiber‐optic LIF detector for CE has been constructed and evaluated. In this detection system, a 457‐nm diode‐pumped solid‐state blue laser was used as the excitation light source and an optical fiber (40 μm od) was used to transmit the excitation light. One end of the optical fiber was inserted into the separation capillary and was in situ positioned at the detection window. The other end of the fiber was protruded from the capillary to capture the excitation light beam from the blue laser. Fluorescence emission was collected by a 40×microscope objective, focused on a spatial filter, and passed through a yellow color filter before reaching the photomultiplier tube. The present CE‐fluorescence detection is a simple and compact optical system. It reduces the laser scattering effect from the capillary and fiber as compared to the conventional LIF detection for CE. Its utility was successfully demonstrated by the separation and determination of D‐penicillamine labeled with naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde. The detection limit was 0.8 nM (S/N = 3). The present detection scheme has been proven to be attractive for sensitive fluorescence detection for CE.
Immobilized capillary enzyme reactor based on layer‐by‐layer assembling acetylcholinesterase for inhibitor screening by CE
Authors: Tang Zhongmei , Wang Tongdan , Kang Jingwu 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA method for creating an immobilized capillary acetylcholinesterase (AChE) reactor based on a layer‐by‐layer (LBL) assembly for inhibitor screening is described. The unique capillary AChE reactor was easily prepared by the instrument in three steps: first, a 0.5 cm long plug of a solution of the cationic polyelectrolyte polydiallyldimethylammonium (PDDA) was injected into the capillary to produce a positively charged coating on the surface of the capillary; subsequently, the enzyme solution with the same plug length was injected into the capillary and incubated for 10 min to immobilize the enzyme on the capillary wall via electrostatic interaction; third, PDDA solution with the same plug length was injected again into the capillary to cover the immobilized enzyme by forming PDDA–AChE–PDDA sandwich‐like structure. The enzyme reactor can be easily renewed after removing the immobilized enzyme by flushing the column with 1 M NaCl solution. Activity of the immobilized enzyme can be assayed simply by carrying out an electrophoretic separation, i.e., the substrate solution was injected and incubated for a short time, followed by applying a voltage to separate the product from the unreacted substrate. The measured peak area of the product then represented the enzyme activity. For enzyme inhibitor screening, the mixture solution of the substrate and the inhibitor was injected and assayed the reduction of the enzyme activity. The immobilized enzyme could withstand 100 consecutive assays by only losing 10% activity. The reproducibility in terms of time‐to‐time, day‐to‐day, and batch‐to‐batch was measured with RSD% less than 4.7%. Furthermore, the screening system was validated by a known inhibitor. Finally, screening a small compound library containing four known AChE inhibitors and 42 natural extracts was demonstrated, and species with inhibition activity can be straightforwardly identified with the system.
PKCε upregulates voltage‐dependent calcium channels in cultured astrocytes
Authors: Burgos M. , Pastor M. D. , González J. C. , Martinez‐Galan J. R. , Vaquero C. F. , Fradejas N. , Benavides A. , Hernández‐Guijo J. M. , Tranque P. , Calvo S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAstrocytes express voltage‐gated calcium channels (VGCCs) that are upregulated in the context of the reactive astrogliosis occurring in several CNS pathologies. Moreover, the ability of selective calcium channel blockers to inhibit reactive astrogliosis has been revealed in a variety of experimental models. However, the functions and regulation of VGCC in astrocytes are still poorly understood. Interestingly, protein kinase C epsilon (PKCε), one of the known regulators of VGCC in several cell types, induces in astrocytes a stellated morphology similar to that associated to gliosis. Thereby, here we explored the possible regulation of VGCC by adenovirally expressed PKCε in astrocytes. We found that PKCε potently increases the mRNA levels of two different calcium channel α1subunits, CaV1.2 (L‐type channel) and CaV2.1 (P/Q‐type channel). The mRNA upregulation was followed by a robust increase in the corresponding peptides. Moreover, the new calcium channels formed as a consequence of PKCε activation are functional, since overexpression of constitutively‐active PKCε increased significantly the calcium current density in astrocytes. PKCε raised currents carried by both L‐ and P/Q‐type channels. However, the effect on the P/Q‐type channel was more prominent since an increase of the relative contribution of this channel to the whole cell calcium current was observed. Finally, we found that PKCε‐induced stellation was significantly reduced by the specific L‐type channel blocker nifedipine, indicating that calcium influx through VGCC mediates the change in astrocyte morphology induced by PKCε. Therefore, here we describe a novel regulatory pathway involving VGCC that participates in PKCε‐dependent astrocyte activation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aging in rat causes hepatic hyperresposiveness to interleukin-1β which is mediated by neutral sphingomyelinase-2
Authors: Rutkute Kristina , Karakashian Alexander A. , Giltiay Natalia V. , Dobierzewska Aneta , Nikolova-Karakashian Mariana N. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

The process of aging has recently been shown to substantially affect the ability of cells to respond to inflammatory challenges. We demonstrate that aging leads to hepatic hyperresponsiveness to interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and we examine the factors that could be responsible for this phenomenon. IL-1β-induced phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in hepatocytes isolated from aged rats was 3 times more potent than that in hepatocytes from young rats. Moreover, JNK was activated by substantially lower doses of IL-1β. These age-related changes in JNK phosphorylation correlated with diminished IL-1β–induced degradation of interleukin-1 receptor–associated kinase-1 (IRAK-1). Expression levels of IL1β receptor I, total JNK, IRAK-1, and transforming growth factor-β–activated kinase-1 (TAK-1) were not affected by aging. However, increased neutral sphingomyelinase activity was observed in hepatocytes from old animals, which we show is caused by induction of the plasma membrane localized neutral sphingomyelinase-2 (NSMase-2). We provide evidence that NSMase-2 is both required and sufficient for the onset of IL-1β hyperresponsiveness during aging. Overexpression of NSMase-2 in hepatocytes from young rats leads both to a reduction in IRAK-1 degradation and potentiation of JNK phosphorylation, mimicking that seen in hepatocytes from old animals. More importantly, inhibition of NSMase activity in hepatocytes from aged rats using either scyphostatin or short interfering ribonucleic acid (siRNA) leads to reversion to the “young” phenotype of IL-1β response.

Conclusion:

These results show that the process of aging causes increased basal NSMase-2 activity in hepatocytes, which in turn leads to IRAK-1 stabilization, JNK potentiation, and ultimately IL-1β hyperresponsiveness. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
Fibroblast growth factor 10 is critical for liver growth during embryogenesis and controls hepatoblast survival via β-catenin activation
Authors: Berg Tove , Rountree Bart C. , Lee Lily , Estrada Joaquin , Sala Fréderic G. , Choe Andrea , Veltmaat Jacqueline M. , De Langhe Stijn , Lee Rene , Tsukamoto Hide , Crooks Gay M. , Bellusci Saverio , Wang Kasper S. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling and β-catenin activation have been shown to be crucial for early embryonic liver development. This study determined the significance of FGF10-mediated signaling in a murine embryonic liver progenitor cell population as well as its relation to β-catenin activation. We observed that

Fgf10

−/− and

Fgfr2b

−/− mouse embryonic livers are smaller than wild-type livers;

Fgf10

−/− livers exhibit diminished proliferation of hepatoblasts. A comparison of β-galactosidase activity as a readout of

Fgf10

expression in

Fgf10

+/LacZ mice and of β-catenin activation in

TOPGAL

mice, demonstrated peak

Fgf10

expression from E9 to E13.5 coinciding with peak β-catenin activation. Flow cytometric isolation and marker gene expression analysis of

LacZ

+ cells from E13.5

Fgf10

+/LacZ and

TOPGAL

livers, respectively, revealed that

Fgf10

expression and β-catenin signaling occur distinctly in stellate/myofibroblastic cells and hepatoblasts, respectively. Moreover, hepatoblasts express

Fgfr2b,

which strongly suggests they can respond to recombinant FGF10 produced by stellate cells.

Fgfr2b

−/−/

TOPGAL

+/+ embryonic livers displayed less β-galactosidase activity than livers of

Fgfr2b

+/+/

TOPGAL

+/+ littermates. In addition, cultures of whole liver explants in Matrigel or cell in suspension from E12.5

TOPGAL

+/+mice displayed a marked increase in β-galactosidase activity and cell survival upon treatment with recombinant FGF10, indicating that FGFR (most likely FGFR2B) activation is upstream of β-catenin signaling and promote hepatoblast survival.

Conclusion:

Embryonic stellate/myofibroblastic cells promote β-catenin activation in and survival of hepatoblasts via FGF10-mediated signaling. We suggest a role for stellate/myofibroblastic FGF10 within the liver stem cell niche in supporting the proliferating hepatoblast. (HEPATOLOGY 2007.)
On the feasibility of a monetary union in the Southern Africa Development Community
Authors: Agbeyegbe Terence D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis paper investigates the feasibility of a monetary union in Southern Africa Development Community (SADC) by looking at evidence of nominal exchange rate and inflation convergence. Using a methodology based on estimating time‐varying parameters, the evidence suggests non‐convergence. The non‐convergence of nominal exchange rate and consumer price inflation suggests that presently the chances of SADC member countries satisfying some form of Maastricht‐type criteria is quite low. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.