bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Value of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound‐Guided Assessment of Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect in Adult Ocular Trauma Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Ramamoorthy Thirumoorthy , Manu Ayyan S. , Deb Amit Kumar 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesEarly diagnosis of relative afferent pupillary defects (RAPDs) in patients with ocular trauma is crucial for timely management and improved outcomes. However, clinical examination can be challenging for patients with periorbital ecchymosis. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) and clinical examination by emergency physicians for detecting RAPD in adult ocular trauma patients and to evaluate the proportion of RAPD in patients with ocular trauma who presented to the ED.MethodsThis prospective cohort study was conducted at an academic emergency department in South India. Adult ocular trauma patients were assessed for RAPD using clinical examinations by emergency physicians and POCUS. The diagnostic accuracies of both methods were compared, with the ophthalmologist's final diagnosis serving as the gold standard. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated for both techniques.ResultsA total of 376 patients (median age, 35 years) were included in this study. RAPD was identified in 14.63% of the patients. The sensitivity and specificity of POCUS in detecting RAPD were 92.73% and 99.38%, respectively, which were higher than those of clinical examination, with a sensitivity of 81.82% and specificity of 99.07%. The PPV and NPV of the clinical examination were 93.75% and 96.95%, respectively, whereas the PPV and NPV of POCUS were 96.23% and 98.76%, respectively. POCUS accurately diagnosed RAPD in patients with periorbital ecchymosis.ConclusionPOCUS‐guided RAPD assessment proves to be a better diagnostic adjunct compared to clinical examination in patients with ocular trauma presenting to the emergency department.
Assessing the Influence of B‐US, CDFI, SE, and Patient Age on Predicting Molecular Subtypes in Breast Lesions Using Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Liu Weiyong , Wang Dongyue , Liu Le , Zhou Zhiguo 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesOur study aims to investigate the impact of B‐mode ultrasound (B‐US) imaging, color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI), strain elastography (SE), and patient age on the prediction of molecular subtypes in breast lesions.MethodsTotally 2272 multimodal ultrasound imaging was collected from 198 patients. The ResNet‐18 network was employed to predict four molecular subtypes from B‐US imaging, CDFI, and SE of patients with different ages. All the images were split into training and testing datasets by the ratio of 80%:20%. The predictive performance on testing dataset was evaluated through 5 metrics including mean accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐scores, and confusion matrix.ResultsBased on B‐US imaging, the test mean accuracy is 74.50%, the precision is 74.84%, the recall is 72.48%, and the F1‐scores is 0.73. By combining B‐US imaging with CDFI, the results were increased to 85.41%, 85.03%, 85.05%, and 0.84, respectively. With the integration of B‐US imaging and SE, the results were changed to 75.64%, 74.69%, 73.86%, and 0.74, respectively. Using images from patients under 40 years old, the results were 90.48%, 90.88%, 88.47%, and 0.89. When images from patients who are above 40 years old, they were changed to 81.96%, 83.12%, 80.5%, and 0.81, respectively.ConclusionMultimodal ultrasound imaging can be used to accurately predict the molecular subtypes of breast lesions. In addition to B‐US imaging, CDFI rather than SE contribute further to improve predictive performance. The predictive performance is notably better for patients under 40 years old compared with those who are 40 years old and above.
Ultrasound‐Guided Vs Non‐Guided Prolotherapy for Internal Derangement of Temporomandibular Joint. A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Alhaj Kheder Mohammad Badr , Kandil Nour Mohamed , El‐Ghareeb Tarek , Abdel Aziz Omniya Mohamed , Zeitoun Rania 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis randomized clinical trial study aims to compare ultrasound‐guided versus non‐guided Dextrose 10% injections in patients suffering from internal derangement in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).Material and MethodsThe study population included 22 patients and 43 TMJs suffering from unilateral or bilateral TMJ painful clicking, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) proved disc displacement with reduction (DDWR), refractory to or failed conservative treatment. The patients were divided randomly into two groups (non‐guided and ultrasound (US)‐guided groups). The procedure involved injection of 2 mL solution of a mixture of 0.75 mL 0.9% normal saline solution, 0.3 mL 2% lidocaine and 0.75 mL dextrose 10% using a 25G needle in the joint and 1 mL intramuscular injection to the masseter muscle at the most tender point. The Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to compare joint pain intensity over four different periods, beginning with pre‐injection, 1‐, 2‐, and 6‐months postinjection.ResultsTwenty‐two patients 5 males (n = 5/22, 22.7%) and 17 females (n = 17/22, 77.2%) were included in this study. The mean age was 27.3 ± 7.4 years (30.2 ± 7.0) for the non‐guided group and 24.3 ± 6.9 for the US‐guided group. The dextrose injection reduced intensity over time in both groups with statistically significant improvement (P value <.05) at 2 and 6 months in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference in VAS assessment between both groups.ConclusionIntra‐articular injection of dextrose 10% for patients with painful clicking and DDWR resulted in reduced pain intensity in both US‐guided and non‐guided groups with significant symptomatic improvement over time in both groups. US guidance allowed accurate anatomical localization and safe procedure with a single joint puncture.
Feedback of litter decay to temporal stability of biomass under N‐inputs
Authors: Verma Preeti , Sagar R. , Pandey Aakansha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNitrogen (N) input affects litter decay and ecosystem functioning. However, the mechanism of litter decay under temporal N‐inputs has rarely been observed. Here we show that three‐year experimental N‐inputs significantly stimulated the rate of litter decay to some extent and then inhibited it with increasing N‐inputs. The N‐inputs affected the litter's mass loss by directly influencing the temporal stability of aboveground biomass (BS) and diversity while indirectly changing soil pH, C: N ratio, and synergistic interactions of soil, vegetation, and microbial traits. The BS has emerged as a significant regulatory factor for the litter decay of tropical grassland. The outcome of the present study will be helpful in predicting the global feedback of litter decay on the N inputs and the amount of N required for the sustainable functioning of the degraded tropical or similar grasslands.
Sedimentary DNA reveals phytoplankton diversity loss in a deep maar lake during the Anthropocene
Authors: Yan Dongna , Picard Maïlys , Han Yongming , An Zhisheng , Lei Dewen , Zhao Xue , Zhang Luyuan , Capo Eric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnthropogenic‐driven environmental change, including current climate warming, has influenced lake ecosystems globally during the Anthropocene. Phytoplankton are important indicators of environmental changes in lakes and play a fundamental role in maintaining the functioning and stability of these ecosystems. However, the extent to which lake phytoplankton were affected by anthropogenic or climatic forces during the Anthropocene remains unclear. Here, we investigated the 160‐yr‐long dynamics of the phytoplankton community (cyanobacteria and eukaryotic microalgae) in response to anthropogenic forcing in Sihailongwan Maar Lake—a candidate for a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point for demarcation of the Anthropocene—using DNA metabarcoding and traditional paleolimnological approaches. Our results show a significant decline in phytoplankton diversity and an abrupt shift in community composition around the 1950s, corresponding to the beginning of the “Great Acceleration” period. Specifically, phytoplankton taxa coexistence patterns, niche differentiation, and assembly mechanisms changed significantly after the 1950s. Overall, increases in air temperature and anthropogenic forcing appear to be the dominant controls for community reorganization and diversity decline of the phytoplankton from this deep maar lake. A neutral community model suggests that phytoplankton community composition was mainly controlled by stochastic processes before the 1950s; however, as time progressed, deterministic effects driven by anthropogenic global warming increased. The results of this study imply that anthropogenic perturbations have led to a loss of phytoplankton diversity and a further decline in ecological resilience in deep lakes, with likely knock‐on effects on the productivity and function of lake ecosystems.
Effect of Ageing of Rolling Oil on the Performance of Cold‐Rolled Steel
Authors: Chakraborty Subho , Giri Suvendu Sekhar , Pandit A. , Bhagat A. N. , Prakash Ravi , Jha Ajay Kumar 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTInteraction between the cold rolling oil and substrate at the roll bite has always intrigued the tribologists. In plant conditions, it has been observed that occurrences of surface defects on cold‐rolled FHCR coils increase with the ageing of cold rolling emulsion. In this study, the rolling oil was aged at different lab conditions to replicate 6 and 11 months of rolling oil ageing from a particular cold rolling mill. The studies indicated an increase in acid number of the oil. Tribological studies indicated an increase in CoF along with an increase in wear phenomenon on the substrate. The removability of the surface oil becomes difficult with ageing which could lead to potential surface oil residues remaining on the strip after degreasing, resulting in surface defects and dirty coils after annealing. Deterioration in anti‐stain property is also observed as ageing progresses. The deterioration in performance is mainly governed by the depletion in additives and generation of free fatty acids within the rolling oil bath. Proper maintenance of the bath ensures lesser defect formation.
On noncompact warped product Ricci solitons
Authors: Borges V. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe goal of this paper is to investigate complete noncompact warped product gradient Ricci solitons. Nonexistence results, estimates for the warping function and for its gradient are proven. When the soliton is steady or expanding these nonexistence results generalize to a broader context certain estimates and rigidity obtained when studying warped product Einstein manifolds. When the soliton is shrinking, it is presented as a nonexistence theorem with no counterpart in the Einstein case, which is proved using properties of the first eigenvalue of a weighted Laplacian.
Absorptive capacity, product heterogeneity and technology licensing under different fee scenarios
Authors: Wenqing Huang , Jie Wang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince a licensee does not always fully absorb technology in the process of technology licensing, based on the consideration of incomplete absorption, this paper establishes a game model consisting of a technology research and development firm and two licensee firms, to explore the most licensing strategies of the licensing firms as well as the optimal social welfare of the licensee under different fee scenarios. The results of the study show that (1) under the flat fee scenario, technology R&D enterprises will choose royalty licensing in most cases, but when the gap in the absorptive capacity of the licensed enterprise is small and the difference in the quality of the products between the two licensing parties is large, fixed‐fee licensing is a more preferable option;(2)in the differential fee scenario, technology R&D firms prefer differential fixed fee licenses;(3)when technological empowerment occurs, local social welfare is enhanced;(4)technology development firms prefer firms with high absorptive capacity, but also charge higher fees;(5)differential fees charged by technology R&D firms to authorized firms do not always lead to a relative decline in local social welfare; they can lead to a greater enhancement of social welfare within a certain interval, and the enhancement is even greater than the enhancement of social welfare brought about by uniform fees.
Product rolling strategies in competitive scenarios based on differential games
Authors: Li Huijie , Tan Deqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn competitive scenarios, we analyze the optimal pricing, launch timing, and influencing factors of new products by establishing three differential game models. The findings indicate that (1) the depreciation rate of old products directly impacts the pricing strategies of advantaged and disadvantaged enterprises. Enterprises with competitive advantages tend to set higher prices for new products when old products depreciate faster, while those with fewer advantages adjust their pricing strategies by initially increasing prices for the latest prices and eventually reducing them. (2) The rate of old‐product depreciation also affects the timing of new‐product launches. Advantaged enterprises tend to delay their product launches when the impact of the new product on the old ones is significant, while disadvantaged enterprises opt for earlier launches under similar circumstances. (3) The technological level of the new product influences the timing of its launch for both advantaged and disadvantaged enterprises. Higher technological levels prompt advantaged enterprises to launch earlier and disadvantaged enterprises tend to follow suit. (4) High levels of innovation in new products by advantaged enterprises prompt earlier launches by disadvantaged enterprises. These results may offer valuable insights for enterprises in formulating effective product rollover strategies.
Bcat2‐Mediated Branched‐Chain Amino Acid Catabolism Is Linked to the Aggravated Inflammation in Obese with Psoriasis Mice
Authors: Wang Yazhuo , Zhao Ning , Meng Yujiao , Chen Jia , Qi Cong , Hu Xueqing , Zhu Haoyue , Yang Danyang , Zhang Xiawei , Ma Huike , Zhao Jingxia , Di Tingting , Li Ping , Wang Yan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractScope: The global prevalence of obesity has significantly increased, presenting a major health challenge. High‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity is closely related to the disease severity of psoriasis, but the mechanism is not fully understood.Methods and results: The study utilizes the HFD‐induced obesity model along with an imiquimod (IMQ)‐induced psoriasis‐like mouse model (HFD‐IMQ) to conduct transcriptomics and metabolomic analyses. HFD‐induced obese mice exhibits more severe psoriasis‐like lesions compared to normal diet (ND)‐IMQ mice. The expression of genes of the IL‐17 signaling pathway (IL‐17A, IL‐17F, S100A9, CCL20, CXCL1) is significantly upregulated, leading to an accumulation of T cells and neutrophils in the skin. Moreover, the study finds that there is an inhibition of the branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolism pathway, and the key gene branched‐chain amino transferase 2 (Bcat2) is significantly downregulated, and the levels of leucine, isoleucine, and valine are elevated in the HFD‐IMQ mice. Furthermore, the study finds that the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) is inhibited, while STAT3 activity is promoted in HFD‐IMQ mice.Conclusion: HFD‐induced obesity significantly amplifies IL‐17 signaling and exacerbates psoriasis, with a potential role played by Bcat2‐mediated BCAAs metabolism. The study suggests that BCAA catabolism and PPAR γ‐STAT3 exacerbate inflammation in psoriasis with obesity.
Naringenin Alleviates Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury by Inhibiting TRPV6 in Mice
Authors: Ling Zhi , Wang Zheng , Chen Lin , Mao Jingxian , Ma Dongmei , Han Xiao , Tian Linlin , Zhu Qingtian , Lu Guotao , Yan Xuebing , Ding Yanbing , Xiao Weiming , Chen Yong , Peng Aijun , Yin Xudong 
Published: April 2024

ScopeNaringenin (NAR) possesses unique anti‐inflammatory, antiapoptosis effects and various bioactivities; however, its role against radiation‐induced intestinal injury (RIII) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate whether NAR has protective effects against radiation‐induced intestinal injury and the underlying mechanisms.Methods and resultsC57BL/6J mice are exposed to a single dose of 13 Gy X‐ray total abdominal irradiation (TAI), then gavaged with NAR for 7 days. NAR treatment prolongs the survival rate, protects crypts and villi from damage, alleviates the level of radiation‐induced inflammation, and mitigates intestinal barrier damage in the irradiated mice. Additionally, NAR reduces immune cell infiltration and intestinal epithelial cell apoptosis. NAR also shows radioprotective effects in human colon cancer cells (HCT116) and human intestinal epithelial cells (NCM460). It reduces cell damage by reducing intracellular calcium ion levels and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. NAR‐mediated radioprotection is associated with the downregulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 6 (TRPV6), and inhibition of apoptosis pathway. Notably, treatment with NAR fails to further increase the protective effects of the TRPV6 inhibitor 2‐APB, indicating that TRPV6 inhibition is essential for NAR activity.ConclusionNAR inhibits the apoptosis pathway by downregulating TRPV6 and reducing calcium ion level, thereby alleviating RIII. Therefore, NAR is a promising therapeutic drug for RIII.
Design of dual‐band FPD with high selectivity based on QMRLR
Authors: Zhang Tian T. , Chen Lei , Liu Meng , Wei Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this brief, a filtering power divider (FPD) with independently controllable four transmission zeros (TZs) and low insertion loss is designed and analyzed by using quad‐mode ring‐loaded resonator (QMRLR). The equivalent circuit of the proposed FPD is given, and the resonant characteristics of the resonator are analyzed. Due to the horizontal transmission interference of QMRLR, two TZs are realized. In addition, two TZs and one transmission pole are achieved by stepped impedance lines, achieving high selectivity within the passbands. The insertion loss is less than 0.5 dB, which is better than other FPDs. For demonstration, a prototype with center frequencies at 1.45 and 2.75 GHz is fabricated and measured. The measured and simulated results are presented with good agreement.
Bacterial community of Parvocalanus crassirostris nauplii and the potential of nauplii as a vector for early probiotic supply to fish larvae
Authors: Amador-Marrero Ulises , Dumas Silvie , Martínez-Díaz Sergio F. , Contreras-Olguín Mauricio , Flores-Montijo Laura , González-Acosta Bárbara , Vázquez-Juárez Ricardo , Estrada Norma , Ramírez-Arenas Patricia J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
The copepod Parvocalanus crassirostris has recently increased its use as live food in marine fish hatcheries.

Methods
To investigate the bacterial community of P. crassirostris nauplii and explore the potential use of nauplii as a vector for probiotics, adult copepods were reared with or without a probiotic consortium (Bacillus spp. and Lactobacillus spp.). Nauplii from both treatments were either enriched with probiotics or not, resulting in four treatments: control rearing and nonenriched, control rearing and probiotic enriched, probiotic rearing and nonenriched, and probiotic rearing probiotic enriched. A next-generation sequencing analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene was performed.

Result
The bacterial community of nauplii without probiotics was dominated by the phyla Proteobacteria (mean ± standard deviation = 51.5 ± 8.0%) and Bacteroidetes (27.6 ± 6.7%); from these phyla, the most abundant orders were Rhodobacterales (21.8 ± 2.0%), Flavobacteriales (13.5 ± 9.4%), Chitinophagales (9.7 ± 1.8%), Alteromonadales (9.5 ± 4.0%), and Burkholderiales (3.8 ± 0.8%). Opportunistic pathogenic bacterial genera, such as Vibrio spp. and Pseudomonas spp., were detected at very low relative abundances (&lt;1.2%), indicating that P. crassirostris nauplii could be considered a safe microbiological live feed. Furthermore, P. crassirostris nauplii were a good vector for probiotics delivery, as the adhesion of probiotics on the copepod exoskeleton was successful. Bacillus spp. abundance was 5–6× greater than the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. in P. crassirostris nauplii. The highest mean values of probiotics relative abundance (Bacillus spp. 41 ± 6.0%, Lactobacillus spp. 6.0 ± 3.0%) were observed in nauplii that were reared with probiotics and also enriched with probiotics.

Conclusion
Parvocalanus crassirostris nauplii stages I–II appear to be good vectors to provide probiotics to first-feeding fish larvae.
Higher‐order generalized‐α methods for parabolic problems
Authors: Behnoudfar Pouria , Deng Quanling , Calo Victor M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe propose a new class of high‐order time‐marching schemes with dissipation control and unconditional stability for parabolic equations. High‐order time integrators can deliver the optimal performance of highly accurate and robust spatial discretizations such as isogeometric analysis. The generalized‐ method delivers unconditional stability and second‐order accuracy in time and controls the numerical dissipation in the discrete spectrum's high‐frequency region. We extend the generalized‐ methodology to obtain high‐order time marching methods with high accuracy and dissipation control in the discrete high‐frequency range. Furthermore, we maintain the original stability region of the second‐order generalized‐ method in the new higher‐order methods; we increase the accuracy of the generalized‐ method while keeping the unconditional stability and user‐control features on the high‐frequency numerical dissipation. The methodology solves matrix problems and updates the system unknowns, which correspond to higher‐order terms in Taylor expansions to obtain ‐order method for even and ‐order for odd . A single parameter controls the high‐frequency dissipation, while the update procedure follows the formulation of the original second‐order method. Additionally, we show that our method is A‐stable, and for we obtain an L‐stable method. Furthermore, we extend this strategy to analyze the accuracy order of a generic method. Lastly, we provide numerical examples that validate our analysis of the method and demonstrate its performance. First, we simulate heat propagation; then, we analyze nonlinear problems, such as the Swift–Hohenberg and Cahn–Hilliard phase‐field models. To conclude, we compare the method to Runge–Kutta techniques in simulating the Lorenz system.