bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neutron powder diffraction study of the anion‐deficient La0.70Sr0.30MnO3.00‐γ manganites
Authors: Trukhanov S. V. , Lobanovski L. S. , Trukhanov A. V. , Zemskova S. G. , Beskrovniy A. I. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractUsing powder neutron diffraction method the magnetic structure of the anion‐deficient La0.70Sr0.30MnO3.00‐γ (γ = 0, 0.15; 0.20) solid solutions at different temperatures has been defined. It is established that the magnetic structure changes with oxygen vacancies concentration. For the investigated samples the structural phase transitions have not been detected. The obtained data confirm the conception of the magnetic phase state forming for the Sr‐doped anion‐deficient manganites. In according to this conception in case of orbital ordering absence the lowering of the coordination of the magnetic ion results to change of the indirect superexchange interactions Mn3+‐O‐Mn3+ sign from positive to negative. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
CuInSe2 solar cells by sequential absorber layer processing
Authors: Oertel Michael , Hahn Thomas , Metzner Heinrich , Witthuhn Wolfgang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this article, we investigate the production of pure CuInSe2 in a sequential process for solar cells. A focus is laid on the adherence of CuInSe2 on the molybdenum back contact which is improved both by a new configuration of the back contact and by an optimization of the CuIn precursors. We also show some results of structural and electrical characterization of the produced CuInSe2 thin films and solar cells. The investigations of the structural properties of the different layers were performed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x‐ray diffraction (XRD). An energy dispersive x‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDX) system was used to control their stochiometry. Using processed solar cells, the j‐U‐curves and the external quantum efficiencies (EQE) were measured. With our experimental configuration we achieve best results close to 8% solar cell efficiency in only five minutes of tempering the metallic precursor in elemental selenium vapour at 550 °C. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Mathematical modelling of test limits and guardbands
Authors: Healy Sandra , Wallace Michael , Murphy Eamonn 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTo gain market share on product performance, suppliers will routinely specify product datasheet (DS) performance to tighter than six sigma specifications. To maintain quality levels in this instance, the product must be 100% tested in production to screen out parts that are outside specification. Because of test measurement error and temperature drift, the test limits (TLs) used must be guardbanded tighter than the DS limit to ensure that the shipped product meets the parts per million requirement. These guardbands are protection zones that protect the customer from receiving parts that are outside specification. A review of current guardbanding techniques finds that they are conservative in nature. New guardbanding models are presented, which calculate the limit sets required for production test, quality assurance test and DS limit specifications. These models account for both test measurement error and temperature drift. Model results show that the guardband required varies with Cpk of the TL, test measurement error and temperature correlation coefficient. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effects of strategic and market complementarity on acquisition performance: evidence from the U.S. commercial banking industry, 1989–2001
Authors: (Jay) Kim Ji‐Yub , Finkelstein Sydney 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMost traditional research on mergers and acquisitions tends to focus on the role of similarity in explaining acquisition performance. While scholars have recently begun to examine acquisition complementarity, there is still little evidence concerning how complementarity influences acquisition performance. Further, previous research has not drawn the connections between related contexts and the potential benefits from complementarity. In this article, we move the study of acquisition complementarity forward by investigating the effects of strategic and market complementarity on acquisition performance in the context of related horizontal acquisitions. We also propose that two key attributes of acquirers—strategic focus and out‐of‐market acquisition experience—will moderate this relationship. We investigate our research questions in the context of all 2,204 acquisitions made by publicly traded U.S. commercial banks during the 12‐year period from 1989 to 2001. Our findings are generally supportive, suggesting complementarity is an important antecedent of acquisition performance, and raising important issues on the nature of acquisition research in general. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Photoreversible Fluorescent Modulation of Nanoparticles via One‐Step Miniemulsion Polymerization
Authors: Chen Jian , Zeng Fang , Wu Shuizhu , Su Junhua , Tong Zhen 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA nitrobenzoxadiazolyl(NBD)‐based fluorescent dye and a photochromic spiropyran derivative are incorporated into polymeric nanoparticles via a one‐step miniemulsion polymerization. The diameter of the nanoparticles can be varied from approximately 40 nm to 80 nm by adjusting the polymerization conditions. The prepared nanoparticles exhibit the spectral properties of both NBD dye and spiropyran, indicating that the two chromophores are incorporated into the nanoparticles. The determined amount of NBD and spiropyran in the nanoparticles are about ≈85–90% of the feed amount, while the determined weight ratios of spiropyran to NBD in nanoparticles are very close to that of feed ratios, suggesting the miniemulsion polymerization is a suitable approach for incorporating multiple chromophores into individual nanoparticles with controlled amounts (content) and ratio. UV and visible light can be applied to modulate the fluorescence emission of NBD dye in nanoparticles. Upon UV irradiation, the spiropyran moieties in nanoparticles are converted to the open‐ring (McH form) structure and upon visible‐light irradiation they return to the closed‐ring (SP form) structure; as a result, the fluorescence of NBD can be reversibly “switched off” and “switched on”. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer from the excited NBD dye molecules to the McH form of the spiropyran moieties is the drives the fluorescence modulation. The nanoparticles display fairly good photoreversibility, photostability, and relatively fast photoresponsivity upon alternate UV/Vis irradiation. This class of photoresponsive nanoparticles may find applications in biological fields, such as labeling and imaging, as well as in optical fields, for example, individually light‐addressable nanoscale devices.
Fabrication and Characterization of Graphitic Carbon Nanostructures with Controllable Size, Shape, and Position
Authors: Du Rongbing , Ssenyange Solomon , Aktary Mirwais , McDermott Mark T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe incorporation of carbon materials in micro‐ and nanoscale devices is being widely investigated due to the promise of enhanced functionality. Challenges in the positioning and addressability of carbon nanotubes provide the motivation for the development of new processes to produce nanoscale carbon materials. Here, the fabrication of conducting, nanometer‐sized carbon structures using a combination of electron beam lithography (EBL) and carbonisation is reported. EBL is used to directly write predefined nanometer‐sized patterns in a thin layer of negative resist in controllable locations. Careful heat treatment results in carbon nanostructures with the size, shape, and location originally defined by EBL. The pyrolysis process results in significant shrinkage of the structures in the vertical direction and minimal loss in the horizontal direction. Characterization of the carbonized material indicates a structure consisting of both amorphous and graphitized carbon with low levels of oxygen. The resistivity of the material is similar to other disordered carbon materials and the resistivity is maintained from the bulk to the nanoscale. This is demonstrated by fabricating a nanoscale structure with predictable resistance. The ability to fabricate these conductive structures with known dimensions and in predefined locations can be exploited for a number of applications. Their use as nanoband electrodes is also demonstrated.
Factors of production: Historical theories and new developments
Authors: Xu Bin , Chaudhry Sohail S. , Li Yanfang 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we present the main viewpoints of some historical schools related with the theories on factors of production. Also, we analyse the problems associated with the present theories related to the factors of production and then, introduce some new developments. These new developments which are associated with the theory connected to the six forces of factor of production are described. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD30 Expression Reveals that Culture Adaptation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Can Occur Through Differing Routes
Authors: Harrison Neil J. , Barnes James , Jones Mark , Baker Duncan , Gokhale Paul J. , Andrews Peter W. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells undergo adaptive changes that can increase their growth capacity upon prolonged culture in vitro. This is frequently associated with nonrandom karyotypic changes, commonly involving amplification of genetic material from chromosomes 12, 17, and X. A recent study suggested that the karyotypically abnormal cells can be identified by their expression of CD30, which confers resistance to apoptosis. We have now investigated CD30 expression and apoptosis in karyotypically normal and abnormal sublines of the human ES cell line, H7, but our results were contrary to those previously observed. In this cell line, CD30 expression did not segregate the normal and abnormal cells, and abnormal cells were not protected from apoptosis. These data suggest that culture adaptation can occur through a variety of mechanisms.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Applying a “Double-Feature” Promoter to Identify Cardiomyocytes Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells Following Transposon-Based Gene Delivery
Authors: Orbán Tamás I. , Apáti Ágota , Németh Andrea , Varga Nóra , Krizsik Virág , Schamberger Anita , Szebényi Kornélia , Erdei Zsuzsa , Várady György , Karászi Éva , Homolya László , Német Katalin , Gócza Elen , Miskey Csaba , Mátés Lajos , Ivics Zoltán , Izsvák Zsuzsanna , Sarkadi Balázs 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Human embryonic stem (HuES) cells represent a new potential tool for cell-therapy and gene-therapy applications. However, these approaches require the development of efficient, stable gene delivery, and proper progenitor cell and tissue separation methods. In HuES cell lines, we have generated stable, enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-expressing clones using a transposon-based (Sleeping Beauty) system. This method yielded high percentage of transgene integration and expression. Similarly to a lentiviral expression system, both the undifferentiated state and the differentiation pattern of the HuES cells were preserved. By using the CAG promoter, in contrast to several other constitutive promoter sequences (such as CMV, elongation factor 1α, or phosphoglycerate kinase), an exceptionally high EGFP expression was observed in differentiated cardiomyocytes. This phenomenon was independent of the transgene sequence, methods of gene delivery, copy number, and the integration sites. This “double-feature” promoter behavior, that is providing a selectable marker for transgene expressing undifferentiated stem cells, and also specifically labeling differentiated cardiomyocytes, was assessed by transcriptional profiling. We found a positive correlation between CAG promoter-driven EGFP transcription and expression of cardiomyocyte-specific genes. Our experiments indicate an efficient applicability of transposon-based gene delivery into HuES cells and provide a novel approach to identify differentiated tissues by exploiting a nontypical behavior of a constitutively active promoter, thereby avoiding invasive drug selection methods.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
An approximate analysis of combined system of framed tube, shear core and belt truss in high‐rise buildings
Authors: Rahgozar Reza , Sharifi Yasser 
Published: February 2009

AbstractIn this paper a mathematical model for the combined system of framed tube, shear core and belt truss is developed with the objective of determining the optimum location of belt truss along the height of the building. The effect of belt truss and shear core on a framed tube is considered as a concentrated moment at the belt truss location. This concentrated moment acts in a direction opposite to rotation due to lateral loads. The axial deformation functions for web and flange of the frames are considered to be quadratic and cubic functions, respectively; developing their stress relations and minimizing the total potential energy of the structure with respect to the lateral deflection (u), rotation of the plane section (ϕ) and unknown coefficients of shear lag (α1, α2, β1 and β2), the mathematical model is developed. This model yields the displacement, axial stress distribution and bending stiffness as a function of the height of the combined system. The range application and validity of the proposed model is demonstrated by several numerical examples (30‐, 40‐ and 50‐storey buildings). The effects of belt truss position on lateral displacement and stress distribution are investigated and the optimum location for belt truss is obtained. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A stochastic dynamic controller for random early detection queues using a Kalman filter algorithm
Authors: Alazemi Hamed M. K. , Hassan Mohamed F. , Zribi Mohamed 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe stabilizing random early detection (RED) congestion control algorithm in transmission control protocol (TCP)/IP networks is a control theory problem. Significant attention has been drawn to this problem in the networking and control theory research communities. In this paper, we use a nonlinear dynamic model of the TCP RED congestion control algorithm to analyze and design active queue management (AQM) control systems. A linearized model of RED behavior around its nominal operating point which implicitly includes the delay in the control signal is derived. It is assumed that the system model is corrupted at the input and output by zero mean white Gaussian noise signals. An optimal state feedback stochastic controller is designed for the linearized model of the system in conjunction with a Kalman filter for state estimation. To illustrate the proposed design methodology, simulations results are presented and discussed. The proposed stochastic controller is applied to the nonlinear model of the system; Simulation results indicate that the proposed controller keeps the queue length bounded in an appropriate stochastic sense. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trace element profiling of gunshot residues by PIXE and SEM‐EDS: a feasibility study
Authors: Bailey M. J. , Kirkby K. J. , Jeynes C. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA feasibility study was carried out into the use of particle‐induced x‐ray emission (PIXE) on the ion microprobe for the characterisation of gunshot residues (GSR). We compare these results with the conventional technique, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive x‐ray spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS). Samples of gunshot residue from four different sources were collected. Individual particles of GSR were analysed by SEM‐EDS using a 30‐keV electron beam focussed to ∼10 nm, and PIXE using a 2.5‐MeV proton beam focussed to ∼4 µm. PIXE revealed trace or minor elements undetectable by SEM‐EDS, thereby strengthening the discrimination between different types of GSR. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemical speciation of sulfur in activated carbon by wavelength‐dispersive PIXE technique
Authors: Tada T. , Fukuda H. , Hasegawa J. , Oguri Y. , Tsuji M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe chemical speciation of sulfur in activated carbon has been performed by analyzing Kα1 x‐ray spectra of sulfur recorded with a home‐made wavelength‐dispersive, particle‐induced x‐ray emission spectrometry system (WD‐PIXE). MoS2, S, Na2SO3, and (NH4)2SO4 were used as reference materials to determine the chemical shift of sulfur Kα1 x‐ray energy. The energy resolution defined by the full width at the half maximum was 0.6 eV or 0.03% for sulfur Kα1 x‐ray. This was sufficiently high for speciation of sulfur in solid materials. The chemical shift of sulfur in activated carbon clearly showed that sulfur resides as elemental sulfur. This new speciation technique for solid materials successfully demonstrated that sulfate ions in aqueous solution was reduced to form elemental sulfur on an activated carbon under low applied voltage of < 5 V and current of < 1 mA. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H1loc‐stress and strain regularity in Cosserat plasticity
Authors: Chełmiński K. , Neff P. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe show H1loc‐regularity of the Cauchy stress tensor and H1loc‐regularity of the infinitesimal strain tensor and the plastic strain tensor in infinitesimal Cosserat plasticity with monotone flow rule. We use energy estimates for difference quotients.
Configurational forces on point defects in ferroelectric materials
Authors: Goy O. , Mueller R. , Gross D. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe interaction of point defects in piezoelectric materials is studied with specific regard to their capability to migrate and to agglomerate into clusters. For this purpose the basic solution for a point defect is constructed by applying Radon transform which subsequently is used within the concept of configurational forces. At the simple example of two interacting defects the defect behavior and its dependence on the material parameters and the defect configuration with respect to the poling direction is discussed.
On constitutive and configurational aspects of models for gradient continua with microstructure
Authors: Svendsen B. , Neff P. , Menzel A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this work is the investigation of some constitutive and configurational aspects of phenomenological model formulations for a class of materials with history‐dependent gradient microstructure. The assumption that the behavior of a material point is affected by history‐dependent processes in a finite neighbor of this point yields an extended continuum characterized by non‐simple material behavior and by additional degrees‐of‐freedom. This includes both standard micromorphic materials as well as inelastic gradient materials as special cases. As in the case of simple materials, the corresponding constitutive relations are subject to restrictions imposed by material frame‐indifference and material symmetry. In the latter case, both direct and differential restrictions are obtained in the case of assuming that the free energy density is an isotropic function of its arguments. In addtion, the concept of material isomorphism is shown to extend to inelastic gradient continua, resulting in a gradient generalization of the well‐known elastoplastic multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient. Finally, we examine the consequences of gradient extension for the formulation of configurational field and balance relations, and in particular for the Eshelby stress. This is carried out with the help of an incremental stress potential formulation as based on a continuum thermodynamic approach to the coupled field problem involved.
Clinical Benefits After the Implementation of a Protocol of Restricted Perioperative Intravenous Crystalloid Fluids in Major Abdominal Operations
Authors: de Aguilar‐Nascimento José E. , Diniz Breno N. , do Carmo Aracelle V. , Silveira Eryka A. O. , Silva Raquel M. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundPerioperative fluid replacement is a challenging issue in surgical care. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of two different perioperative hydration protocols on the outcome in patients undergoing major abdominal operations.MethodsThis was a prospective study involving 61 patients (42 men/19 women; mean age: 52 years; age range: 18–81 years) who underwent major abdominal operations. The study had two distinct phases: before (conventional group; administered 30–50 ml/kg per day of crystalloid fluids; n = 33) and after the implementation of a protocol of restricted use of intravenous fluids (restricted group; administered less than 30 ml/kg per day of crystalloid fluids; n = 28). The total volume of intravenous crystalloid fluids infused was recorded until postoperative day (POD) 4. Morbidity, mortality, and the length of postoperative hospital stay were the main clinical variables.ResultsMortality was 4.9% (p > 0.05 between groups). Intravenous therapy in the restricted group was terminated earlier (p < 0.001) and the patients received 2.4 l less crystalloid fluid than did those in the conventional group from POD 1 through POD 4 (p < 0.001). The adoption of the restricted protocol shortened the postoperative hospital stay by 2 days (p = 0.02) and diminished the morbidity by 25% (p = 0.04).ConclusionsRestriction of perioperative intravenous crystalloid fluid is associated with reductions in morbidity and length of postoperative hospital stay after major abdominal operations.
Role of Fibrin Glue in the Prevention of Cervical Leakage and Strictures After Esophageal Reconstruction of Caustic Injury
Authors: Saldaña‐Cortés Julián Alberto , Larios‐Arceo Francisco , Prieto‐Díaz‐Chávez Emilio , De Buen Eliseo Portilla , González‐Mercado Salvador , Alvarez‐Villaseñor Andrea Socorro , Prieto‐Aldape Manuel Rodrigo , Fuentes‐Orozco Clotilde , González‐Ojeda Alejandro 
Published: February 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe colon is the organ most commonly used for esophageal reconstruction after severe caustic injury. Complications of cervical anastomosis are very common. Fibrin sealant may reduce the incidence of complications in this high‐risk anastomosis. The purpose of the present study was to assess the role of fibrin glue in the prevention of leakage and stricture at cervical coloesophageal anastomoses in children treated with esophageal reconstruction after caustic injury.MethodsThis was a case–control study of children with caustic esophageal injury treated surgically with esophageal reconstruction over a 10‐year period. In the study group 3–4 ml of fibrin glue was placed over the anastomosis. The following variables were assessed: age, sex, weight, leakage or stricture at the cervical anastomosis, morbidity, and mortality.ResultsThe study group included 14 children, and the control group included 24 children. There were no differences in the distributions of sex, age, anthropometric variables, or preoperative laboratory test results. All children underwent esophageal replacement with colon substitution through the retrosternal space. Dehiscence and leakage at the cervical anastomosis were observed in 50% of children in the control group and 28.5% of children in the study group (P = 0.17). Strictures were observed in 7.15% of the study group and 20.8% of the control group, and 5 and 17 children, respectively, developed cervical complications (P = 0.03). There were no differences in major complications, and mortality was similar in the two groups (P = 0.60).ConclusionsFibrin glue, when used as a sealant for cervical coloesophageal anastomosis, can reduce the risk of leakage and stricture.