bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of genetics in health care
Authors: Galjaard Hans 
Published: January 2008

Spyros Doxiadis: In Memoriam.The first time I met Spyros Doxiadis was in Athens on the occasion of an international conference on cerebral palsy. During this meeting and especially at the dinner speeches it became clear to me that Spyros was a remarkable man. Eminent pediatricians from various countries had come to assist him during a difficult period in the Greek political history. Dr. Doxiadis appeared to be a grateful friend and very modest about his own contributions.The second time we met was even more memorable. Dr. Doxiadis, intrigued by the various influences shaping the individual, invited in 1988 some twenty experts in different disciplines such as genetics, sociology, pediatrics, developmental psychology and psychiatry. I will remember this meeting as one of the most interesting in my professional career because it indeed gave an impression of the complexity of the process shaping the individual and at the same time provided new perspectives and a better mutual understanding. At the end of this meeting and after twenty or so lectures, Spyros Doxiadis in summarizing them he put the most important results and statements of the conference in the context of Greek mythology. Everybody was not only deeply impressed by this accomplishment and the beautiful slides. It also generated the sobering feeling that most of what we thought and said had been said and written over 2000 years earlier. Spyros: an erudite, kind and modest man whose book “Early influences shaping the individual” (1) I cherish as a memory to him and his ideals. It is both an honour and a pleasure to write this contribution where I will try to summarize new developments in genetics and put them in a wider psychosocial context, as Dr. Doxiadis at the end of his life asked me to do.
Effect of surfactant on nitroblue tetrazolium reduction of polymorphonuclear leucocytes stimulated with type la group B streptococci
Authors: Herting E , Jarstrand C , Rasool O , Curstedt T , Hakansson S , Robertson B 
Published: January 2008

Activation of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) was investigated after incubation of adult human PMN and group B streptococci (GBS) type la with a type‐specific polyclonal antiserum and a modified porcine surfactant (Curosurf). The level of oxidative metabolism of PMN was studied using a micromethod modification of the nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) reduction test. GBS alone did not stimulate significant oxygen metabolite release from PMN, and incubation of PMN with surfactant alone resulted in decreased NBT reduction. After opsonization of GBS with a specific antibody, PMN were activated and the increased oxygen metabolite release was not suppressed when surfactant was added to the system. We conclude that the encapsulated GBS strain investigated needs opsonization with specific antibody to increase oxidative metabolism of PMN, and that incubation of PMN and opsonized GBS with surfactant does not interfere with NBT reduction.Antibodies, nitroblue tetrazolium, polymorphonuclear leucocytes, pulmonary surfactants, streptococcus group B E Herting, Research Unit for Experimental Perinatal Pathology, Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Hospital LI/01, S‐171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
Sulphasalazine desensitization in a paediatric patient with juvenile chronic arthritis
Authors: Kümmerle‐Deschner J , Dannecker G 
Published: January 2008

Sulphasalazine is an effective drug for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in adults. In paediatric patients, the drug has been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease and is currently under investigation for the treatment of juvenile chronic arthritis. Although sulphasalazine has a rather low incidence of serious side effects, one of the most common is skin rash, thought to be an allergic reaction. In adults, sulphasalazine desensitization programmes have proven to be effective for the treatment of this side effect. We present the case of a 7‐year‐old boy suffering from HLA‐B 27 positive juvenile chronic arthritis. After initiation of treatment with sulphasalazine he developed an allergic skin rash, but tolerated the drug well after completion of a desensitization programme. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a paediatric patient with juvenile chronic arthritis successfully desensitized with sulphasalazine.Desensitization, juvenile chronic arthritis, sulphasalazineJ Kiimmerle‐Deschner, Universitdtskinderklinik Tubingen, Rumelinstr. 19‐23, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
Early re‐feeding in the management of acute diarrhoea in infants of 0‐1 year of age
Authors: Nanulescu M , Condor M , Popa M , Mureşan M , Pan$tLa P , Ionac S , Popescu L , Sârb S , Suciu D , Corduneanu D , Rusu C 
Published: January 2008

We compared early versus late re‐feeding in the management of acute diarrhoea in the first year of life. In the study group (73 patients) breast feeding was resumed or early re‐feeding was performed in non‐breast‐fed infants, so that the feeding regimen used prior to the onset of the disease was reached within 2‐3 days. In the control group (49 patients) late re‐feeding was performed so that the infants returned to their original feeding pattern after 4‐6 days. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the number of stools and stool output per day, or in the duration of the disease. No weight gain or loss during the diet was noted more frequently in the late re‐feeding group (67.2% versus 23.4%). This study confirms the favourable effect on body weight of early re‐feeding in the management of acute diarrhoea. Acute diarrhoea in infants, early re‐feeding
Breast feeding and seasonal determinants of child growth in weight in East Bhutan
Authors: Bøhler E , Aalen O , Bergstram S , Halvorsen S 
Published: January 2008

In a prospective study of 113 children in rural Bhutan, morbidity, nutritional status and feeding practices were recorded monthly over a period of 32 months. This information was related to seasonal variations in rainfall. Diarrhoea had a negative impact on growth, as measured in monthly intervals, during the second and third years of life, reducing daily weight gain by 4.42.0 g (p < 0.0001). This impact was largest during the monsoon season. For respiratory tract infections the value was 2.61.7 g (p < 0.01). Growth in weight was lowest during the monsoon period (p < 0.0001). Continued breast feeding was associated with an odds ratio for diarrhoea of 0.51 (95% CI 0.34‐0.78), and for respiratory tract infections of 0.63 (95% CI 0.40, 0.99). Growth in weight was less reduced during the monsoon season for children who were breast fed (2.5 1.7 g/day) than for those not breast fed (7.53.5 g/day) {p < 0.01). We conclude that breast feeding is of particular importance throughout the warm and rainy season. ? Breast feeding, diarrhoea, growth, respiratory tract infections, seasonal variation E Bohler, Department of International Health, Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway
Ultrasound scanning the neonatal brain: the state‐of‐the‐art in 1997. Two new books reviewed
Authors: Whitelaw A. 
Published: January 2008

Rennie J. Neonatal Cerebral UltrasoundGovært P, de Vries LS. An Atlas of Neonatal Brain Sonography. Clinics in Developmental Medicine 141–142.
Inhibitory effect of the sugarcane cystatin CaneCPI-4 on cathepsins B and L and human breast cancer cell invasion
Authors: Gianotti Andréia , Sommer César A. , Carmona Adriana K. , Henrique-Silva Flávio 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The lysosomal cysteine proteases cathepsin B and L play important roles in tumor cell invasion. An imbalance between these cathepsins and their endogenous inhibitors, the cystatins, has been associated with development of the metastatic phenotype. Accordingly, many studies have indicated potential use of cystatins in therapeutic approaches. We report a novel cystatin from sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum), CaneCPI-4, with strong inhibitory activity against cathepsins B (K
i=0.83 nm) and L (K
i=0.021 nm). The invasive ability of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells expressing CaneCPI-4 was only slightly decreased. In contrast, addition of low, non-toxic concentrations of recombinant His-tagged CaneCPI-4 significantly reduced invasion through a Matrigel matrix. Immunoblot analyses failed to detect the recombinant protein inside cells, indicating that the cystatin was not internalized by endocytosis, but exerted its anti-invasive effect mainly through inhibition of extracellular cathepsins. Our findings open the possibility of considering phytocystatins for anti-cancer strategies.
The histone H1 family: specific members, specific functions?
Authors: Izzo Annalisa , Kamieniarz Kinga , Schneider Robert 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe linker histone H1 binds to the DNA entering and exiting the nucleosomal core particle and has an important role in establishing and maintaining higher order chromatin structures. H1 forms a complex family of related proteins with distinct species, tissue and developmental specificity. In higher eukaryotes all H1 variants have the same general structure, consisting of a central conserved globular domain and less conserved N-terminal and C-terminal tails. These tails are moderately conserved among species, but differ among variants, suggesting a specific function for each H1 variant. Due to compensatory mechanisms and to the lack of proper tools, it has been very difficult to study the biological role of individual variants in chromatin-mediated processes. Our knowledge about H1 variants is indeed limited, andin vitroandin vivoobservations have often been contradictory. Therefore, H1 variants were considered to be functionally redundant. However, recent knockout studies and biochemical analyses in different organisms have revealed exciting new insights into the specificity and mechanisms of actions of the H1 family members. Here, we collect and compare the available literature about H1 variants and discuss possible specific roles that challenge the concept of H1 being a mere structural component of chromatin and a general repressor of transcription.
5′-End maturation of tRNA in Aquifex aeolicus
Authors: Marszalkowski Michal , Willkomm Dagmar K. , Hartmann Roland K. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
5′-End maturation of tRNA primary transcripts is thought to be ubiquitously catalyzed by ribonuclease P (RNase P), a ribonucleoprotein enzyme in the vast majority of organisms and organelles. In the hyperthermophilic bacterium Aquifex aeolicus, neither a gene for the RNA nor the protein component of bacterial RNase P has been identified in its sequenced genome. Here, we demonstrate the presence of an RNase P-like activity in cell lysates of A. aeolicus. Detection of activity was sensitive to the buffer conditions during cell lysis and partial purification, explaining why we failed to observe activity in the buffer system applied previously. RNase P-like activity of A. aeolicus depends on the presence of Mg2+ or Mn2+, persists at high temperatures, which inactivate RNase P enzymes from mesophilic bacteria, and is remarkably resistant to micrococcal nuclease treatment. While cellular RNA fractions from other Aquificales (A. pyrophilus, Hydrogenobacter thermophilus and Thermocrinis ruber) could be stimulated by bacterial RNase P proteins to catalyze tRNA 5′-end maturation, no such stimulation was observed with RNA from A. aeolicus. In conclusion, our results point to the possibility that RNase P-like activity in A. aeolicus is devoid of an RNA subunit or may include an RNA subunit with untypical features.
Cognitive changes in pregnancy: mild decline or societal stereotype?
Authors: Crawley Ros , Grant Sophie , Hinshaw Kim 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis research compared pregnant and non‐pregnant women's perceptions of cognitive change and their performance on 13 sensitive memory and attention tasks (Study 1) and two complex driving simulation tasks (Study 2). The pregnant, but not the non‐pregnant, women rated their cognitive abilities as worse than before, but only two performance measures from Study 1 differentiated the two groups (speed of language processing and attentional switching). Study 3 examined beliefs about pregnancy‐related cognitive decline. Women and men with and without immediate experience of pregnancy rated pregnant women's cognitive abilities as slightly worse than before pregnancy. Memory ratings were worse from women and from those with immediate experience of pregnancy. It is concluded that there may be some mild effects of pregnancy on performance of some specific cognitive functions but that cultural expectations based on a stereotype of cognitive decline also contribute to pregnant women's perception of cognitive change. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The role of impulsivity in actual and problematic use of the mobile phone
Authors: Billieux Joël , Van der Linden Martial , Rochat Lucien 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral authors have investigated the risks arising from the growth in mobile phone use (e.g. debts incurred by young people). The aims of the present study are (1) to validate a new questionnaire assessing problematic mobile phone use: the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ), and (2) to investigate the relationships between the PMPUQ and the multi‐faceted construct of impulsivity. With these aims, 339 subjects were screened using the PMPUQ and the UPPS Impulsive Behaviour Scale (UPPS) which assesses four distinct components associated with impulsive behaviours (urgency, lack of premeditation, lack of perseverance and sensation seeking). The results showed that the PMPUQ has an acceptable fit and assesses four different dimensions of problematic mobile phone use (prohibited use, dangerous use, dependence, financial problems). While each facet of impulsivity played a specific role in mobile phones use, urgency appeared to be the strongest predictor of problematic use. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The ‘elasticity’ of criminal evidence: a moderator of investigator bias
Authors: Ask Karl , Rebelius Anna , Granhag Pär Anders 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study examined investigators' perceptions of the reliability of incriminating and exonerating evidence of different types. Police trainees in the role of investigators read the background of a homicide case and then received a piece of evidence that either confirmed or disconfirmed their prior suspicion against the suspect. Despite identical objective characteristics of the evidence, participants rated the disconfirming (vs. confirming) evidence as less reliable and generated more arguments to question its reliability. This asymmetrical scepticism was stronger for participants judging witness evidence, compared to DNA and photo evidence, supporting the hypothesis that different types of evidence vary in ‘elasticity’—the extent to which subjective interpretations can be justified. Interestingly, the observed effects were not limited to the specific evidence in the case, but also affected the ratings of the type of evidence in general, suggesting that reliability criteria for witness information are highly malleable and sensitive to contextual influences. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear programming data reconciliation methods for multicomponent processes
Authors: Jin Siyi , Tong Li , Yang Chaohe 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo linear programming data reconciliation approaches based on the independent flows technique for multicomponent processes are presented. The first method which uses the relationships between independent flows and independent component flows to handle the normalization constraints on variables is effective for processes with no reaction unit. The second method adjusts the independent flows searching method and uses the reaction constraints to deal with the reaction units in chemical processes. Through introducing these constraints with proper confidence factors into the objective functions of data reconciliation, two linear programming formulations are derived. Two examples are presented to demonstrate and verify the techniques. The application results show that the two methods are efficient for data reconciliation of multicomponent processes and are more accurate than the typical projection matrix method. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thymoquinone protects renal tubular cells against tubular injury
Authors: Sayed Ahmed Amir Radwan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this work the effect of angiotensin II (AT II) on proximal tubular epithelial cells (pTECs) in vitro was studied. AT II was found to activate the nuclear factor κB (NF‐κB) and its controlled genes, for example, interleukin 6 (IL‐6) of pTECs in a time‐dependent manner. Two points with maximum NF‐κB activation were found, the first after 12 h and the second after 3.5 days. The first point may be due to activation of NF‐κB in pTECs in response to AT II while the second may be due to activation of the advanced glycation end product (AGE)/receptor of the AGE (RAGE) system. Thymoquinone (TQ) was found to decrease NF‐κB activation in a dose‐dependant manner with maximum inhibitory effect at a concentration of 500 nM. Also, pre‐incubation of pTECs with TQ leads to disappearance of the second peak of NF‐κB. These data are consistent with results obtained from IL‐6 enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and transient transfection experiments. The results explain the therapeutic value of TQ which can be used to delay end stage renal diseases in diabetics. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Solvent subset selection for polymorph screening
Authors: Allesø Morten , Rantanen Jukka , Aaltonen Jaakko , Cornett Claus , van den Berg Frans 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn polymorph screening it is imperative to maximize the physicochemical diversity of solvents used in crystallization experiments. This is done in order to increase the probability of finding as many crystal forms of the compound as possible. When setting up a complete solid form screening scheme it is common practice to work with solvent subsets of varying sizes, adequately spanning the chemical space. There exists a wide array of algorithms to perform this pre‐experimental selection. Prior to the implementation of these methods, the impact on the physicochemical diversity observed in the selected subsets should be fully understood. In the current study subsets of 5, 10 and 20 solvents were selected from a database of 218 organic solvents times 24 property descriptors. For this purpose four mathematically different subset selection algorithms were tested and compared: Federov D‐optimal selection, Kennard‐Stone selection, Principal Properties selection and a Cluster‐Based selection. Federov D‐optimal, Kennard‐Stone and the Cluster‐Based selection primarily sampled in the outer regions of solvent space, whereas the Principal Properties approach represented more of a compromising solution selecting solvents closer to the centre. In conclusion, subset selection algorithms in crystallization experimental design should be used to guarantee physicochemical diversity, though it is recommended that the computed selection is supplemented with solvents selected based on chemical knowledge of the particular compound being screened. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Theoretical Studies of Damage to 3′‐Uridine Monophosphate Induced by Electron Attachment
Authors: Zhang Ru bo , Zhang Ke , Eriksson Leif A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLow‐energy electrons (LEE) are well known to induce nucleic acid damage. However, the damage mechanisms related to charge state and structural features remain to be explored in detail. In the present work, we have investigated the N1‐glycosidic and C3′O(P) bond ruptures of 3′‐UMP (UMP=uridine monophosphate) and the protonated form 3′‐UMPH with −1 and zero charge, respectively, based on hybrid density functional theory (DFT) B3 LYP together with the 6‐31+G(d,p) basis set. The glycosidic bond breakage reactions of the 3′UMP and 3′UMPH electron adducts are exothermic in both cases, with barrier heights of 19–20 kcal mol−1 upon inclusion of bulk solvation. The effects of the charge state on the phosphate group are marginal, but the C2′OH group destabilizes the transition structure of glycosidic bond rupture of 3′‐UMPH in the gas phase by approximately 5.0 kcal mol−1. This is in contrast with the C3′O(P) bond ruptures induced by LEE in which the charge state on the phosphate influences the barrier heights and reaction energies considerably. The barrier towards C3′O(P) bond dissociation in the 3′UMP electron adduct is higher in the gas phase than the one corresponding to glycosidic bond rupture and is dramatically influenced by the C2′OH group and bulk salvation, which decreases the barrier to 14.7 kcal mol−1. For the C3′O(P) bond rupture of the 3′UMPH electron adduct, the reaction is exothermic and the barrier is even lower, 8.2 kcal mol−1, which is in agreement with recent results for 3′‐dTMPH and 5′‐dTMPH (dTMPH=deoxythymidine monophosphate). Both the Mulliken atomic charges and unpaired‐spin distribution play significant roles in the reactions.
Forecasting with panel data
Authors: Baltagi Badi H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper gives a brief survey of forecasting with panel data. It begins with a simple error component regression model and surveys the best linear unbiased prediction under various assumptions of the disturbance term. This includes various ARMA models as well as spatial autoregressive models. The paper also surveys how these forecasts have been used in panel data applications, running horse races between heterogeneous and homogeneous panel data models using out‐of‐sample forecasts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
How children describe their shy/withdrawn peers
Authors: Younger Alastair J. , Schneider Barry H. , Guirguis‐Younger Manal 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn individual interviews, 227 children from the first, third, fifth, and seventh grades described the behaviours that characterize shyness in their peers. The categories of behaviour most frequently described included the following: doesn't talk, stays by self, doesn't play, walks/runs away from others, hides, looks away/avoids eye contact, physical signs of anxiety, stays near familiar people, cries, blushes, and gets mixed up when talking/stutters. The number of children mentioning hides, stays near familiar people, and cries decreased significantly across grade level, whereas the number mentioning doesn't talk, stays by self, blushes, and gets mixed up when talking/stutters increased across grade level. The situations in which children described the shy behaviours as occurring were classified as entailing either fearful shyness or self‐conscious shyness. The number of children who mentioned contexts involving fearful shyness declined across grade level grade, whereas the number mentioning contexts involving self‐conscious shyness increased with increasing grade level. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.