bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatness and overweight in women and children from riverine Amerindian communities of the Beni River (Bolivian Amazon)
Authors: Benefice Eric , Lopez Ronald , Monroy Selma Luna , Rodríguez Sonia 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObesity is a worldwide public health problem impacting not only industrialized nations but also developing countries. The main objective of this paper was to analyze risk factors for overweight among Amerindian children and their mothers. Data were collected in 15 Amerindian riverside communities from the Beni River (Bolivia). The total sample was of 195 mothers and 452 children, 0–15 years of age. Information about family activity and dietary patterns was collected, and a clinical examination was performed. Stool samples were collected in children for parasitological screening. Anthropometric measurements, including weight, height, arm circumference, and four skinfolds, were taken. A bioelectrical impedance analysis was performed in mothers. In total, 12.2% (95% confidence interval (CI95%) 9.1–15.9%) of the children were considered overweight; less than 1% were overtly obese International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) criteria. Among their mothers, 35.3% (CI95%, 28.7–42.5%) were overweight (BMI (weight/height 2) >25 kg/m2), and 5% (CI95%, 2.5–5.1%) were obese (BMI >30 kg/m2). BMI was moderately related to anthropometric indices of body composition in children, but was highly correlated with fatness in mothers. The risk of overweight was not associated with environmental factors in children. In mothers, there was a significant relationship between BMI, health status, and dietary diversity score. There was a moderate association in boys between fatness and the BMI of their mothers (R2 = 0.12, P < 0.001), but not in girls. These findings suggest a trend toward accumulation of fat related to possible changes at the economic and agricultural levels, even in remote rural areas. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:61–73, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Repeatability and interobserver error of digit ratio (2D:4D) measurements made by experts
Authors: Voracek Martin , Manning John T. , Dressler Stefan G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe second‐to‐fourth digit ratio (2D:4D) is sexually differentiated (lower in men than in women), a likely biomarker for organizational (permanent) effects of prenatal testosterone, and a correlate of many sex‐dependent, hormonally influenced traits and phenotypes. The extent of 2D:4D measurement repeatability across different research groups is unknown. This study assessed the repeatability and interobserver error of 2D:4D measurements made by 17 experts (researchers who have contributed to the 2D:4D literature). Results indicate that 2D:4D, because it is a ratio variable, is notably less precisely measurable than finger length. Absolute‐agreement intraclass correlation coefficients for these traits are about 0.75 vs. about 0.95, respectively. Associations of 2D:4D with target traits were usually of small size; measurement unreliability attenuates effects. This may explain some null findings and replication failures encountered in 2D:4D research. However, agreement levels are still sufficient to permit conclusions about findings from different research groups. One implication of this is that the marked geographical and population differences in typical 2D:4D levels, as reported in the literature, are veridical, and not due to divergent measurement habits across research groups. Some practical recommendations for 2D:4D measurement are offered. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:142–146, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early life events and their consequences for later disease: A life history and evolutionary perspective
Authors: Gluckman Peter D. , Hanson Mark A. , Beedle Alan S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBiomedical science has little considered the relevance of life history theory and evolutionary and ecological developmental biology to clinical medicine. However, the observations that early life influences can alter later disease risk—the “developmental origins of health and disease” (DOHaD) paradigm—have led to a recognition that these perspectives can inform our understanding of human biology. We propose that the DOHaD phenomenon can be considered as a subset of the broader processes of developmental plasticity by which organisms adapt to their environment during their life course. Such adaptive processes allow genotypic variation to be preserved through transient environmental changes. Cues for plasticity operate particularly during early development; they may affect a single organ or system, but generally they induce integrated adjustments in the mature phenotype, a process underpinned by epigenetic mechanisms and influenced by prediction of the mature environment. In mammals, an adverse intrauterine environment results in an integrated suite of responses, suggesting the involvement of a few key regulatory genes, that resets the developmental trajectory in expectation of poor postnatal conditions. Mismatch between the anticipated and the actual mature environment exposes the organism to risk of adverse consequences—the greater the mismatch, the greater the risk. For humans, prediction is inaccurate for many individuals because of changes in the postnatal environment toward energy‐dense nutrition and low energy expenditure, contributing to the epidemic of chronic noncommunicable disease. This view of human disease from the perspectives of life history biology and evolutionary theory offers new approaches to prevention, diagnosis and intervention. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:1–19, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anthropometric data indicate nutritional homogeneity in Hadza foragers of Tanzania
Authors: Sherry Diana S. , Marlowe Frank W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe analyzed body mass index (BMI = wt/height2) and percent body fat (BF%) in adults of the Hadza, an egalitarian society with a strong food‐sharing ethic, to examine variation in energetic status in relation to sex, age, and time of year. Data collected from 26 camps over six field seasons gave a cross‐sectional sample of 238 males and 235 females and a small longitudinal sample (n = 54). We found that mean BMI showed no sex difference [20.1 ± 1.6 (SD) kg/m2 for males and 20.3 ± 2.2 kg/m2 for females] and remained similar, regardless of age or time of year. Mean BF% showed a significant sex difference, as expected [10.6 ± 3.2 (SD) % for males and 19.0 ± 7.0% for females (P < 0.0001)], with two significant age departures from uniformity: (1) males in the prime age group (30–45 years, n = 79) had a higher mean BF% (11.7%) compared to other ages (P < 0.03), and (2) females in the extreme elderly age group (> 75 years, n = 11) had a lower mean BF% (11.3%) compared to other ages (P < 0.004). In the longitudinal sample, we found no significant change over time in mean BMI or BF%. However, relative change in BF% fluctuated within individuals by as much as 20% of initial values for both sexes. Taken collectively, our results support the idea of broad nutritional homogeneity among the Hadza, but indicate that subtle, potentially important differences in energetic condition exist as well. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:107–118, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological divergence and equality during the first millennium BC in human populations of central Italy
Authors: Rubini Mauro , Mogliazza Silvia , Corruccini Robert Spencer T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe frequencies of nine discrete cranial traits are contrasted among 10 skeletal series of central Italy to assess the patterning of biological affinity or divergence. In this study various statistical applications were used: Mean Measure of Divergence (MMD), which was elaborated using the WPGMA cluster analysis, neighbor‐joining method and principal coordinate analysis. The results show two main groups divided by the Apennines, which probably were a geographic barrier to biological exchange during the Italian Iron Age. This fact induced endogamous phenomena in the populations on the two sides of Italy (Adriatic and Tyrrenian) and probably increased the familial segregation of traits. The group on the western side has a further division between samples of the central coast and those of the southern coast. The latter samples seem to be more closely connected to Sardinian peoples, and this indicates gene flow and cultural contacts, which were not hindered by the sea. This segregation appears to have receded by Roman times. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:119–131, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Production of ϵ‐poly‐L‐lysine by newly isolated Kitasatospora sp. PL6‐3
Authors: Ouyang Jia , Xu Hong , Li Sha , Zhu Hongyang , Chen Weiwei , Zhou Jun , Wu Qun , Xu Lin , Ouyang Pingkai 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel ϵ‐poly‐L‐lysine (ϵ‐PL)‐producing strain PL6‐3 was isolated from soil, and was identified as a strain of Kitasatospora sp. This is the first detailed report of production of ϵ‐PL by a strain in the genera of Kitasatospora. By controlling the culture pH at 4.0, the yield of ϵ‐PL from PL6‐3 reached 13.9 g/L after 120 h of cultivation in fed‐batch fermentation. The morphological characteristics of Kitasatospora sp. PL6‐3 in culture broth were different from those reported from strains of Streptomycetaceae, as no mycelium pellets were observed during the course of fermentation of PL6‐3, which was beneficial to the assimilation of nutrition and secretion of the products. Furthermore, the molecular mass of the purified ϵ‐PL from PL6‐3 was determined to be 5.01 kDa by SDS‐PAGE and 5.05 kDa by gel permeation chromatography, indicating that the ϵ‐PL produced by this strain might be composed of 40 lysine residues. Usually, ϵ‐PL with more lysine residues showed higher antimicrobial activity; however, it was difficult to obtain ϵ‐PL with more than 36 lysine residues in this study. As a result, ϵ‐PL from Kitasatospora sp. PL6‐3, which contains more lysine residues than that from other strains, is more promising in the field of food preservatives.
Investigation and molecular mimicry of the antigen involved in the interaction between the monoclonal antibody 5D10 and the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7
Authors: Vandevyver Caroline , Canarelli Stéphane , Bossen Claudia , Fisch Igor , Motmans Kris , Raus Jef , Freitag Ruth 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (mAb) 5D10 is directed against the human breast cancer cell line MCF‐7. Biochemical characterization of the antibody epitope was attempted and revealed a complex, most likely carbohydrate‐linked nature, which prevented isolation and further studies of the interaction. A major goal of this work was to generate structural mimics of the 5D10 epitope to serve as putative substitutes in such studies. A peptide library displayed on filamentous phage was used to select for mimotope peptide sequences. All positive phage clones selected from the library displayed the amino acid sequence H2NQMNPMYYRCO2H. This peptide sequence, as well as a branched form of the peptide, was found to bind mAb 5D10. Moreover, both peptide sequences were able to inhibit the binding of 5D10 to the MCF‐7 cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an EC50 value in the range of 65 µM. According to these results, random phage peptide libraries can serve to identify mimotopic peptides for unknown complex cell surface epitopes. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 721–734. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transhepatic vascular access for diagnostic and interventional procedures: Techniques, outcome, and complications
Authors: Ebeid Makram R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEarly or multiple cardiac catheterizations may result in occlusion of the femoral veins prohibiting their use. The internal jugular or sub‐clavian approach may be an appropriate alternative. However, these approaches may not be suitable in patients with surgical interruption of the superior vena cava. In other patients, they may not allow easy access to certain areas of the heart. The transhepatic approach is an important alternative route for performing cardiac catheterization and interventions. Depending on the planned procedure, it may be the preferred route to perform the cardiac catheterization even in the presence of patent femoral veins. The indications, technical details and potential complications of this approach are discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ring‐Opening Cross‐Metathesis (ROCM) as a Novel Tool for the Ligation of Peptides
Authors: Michaelis Simon , Blechert Siegfried 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe development of ring‐opening cross‐metathesis (ROCM) as a novel tool for the site‐specific ligation of peptide units is reported. The resulting structural units at the site of ligation resulting from ROCM resemble proline as well as other known β‐turn stabilising structural units. ROCM under mild reaction conditions between a variety of peptides bearing a cyclic olefin with amino acids or peptides results in high yields. The peptidic cross‐partners for metathesis are equipped with double bonds via the N and the C terminus and the side chain, respectively, to allow the synthesis of linear as well as non‐linear and branched peptides. The ligation in this manner succeeds with low catalyst loadings, with no need for any excess of one reaction partner and with a high compatibility with a wide range of functional groups. Furthermore, the stereochemical outcome of the ROCM can easily be controlled by using a Hoveyda‐type chiral catalyst. Fluorescence labelling of peptides is possible in the same manner when using a cyclic olefin equipped with a fluorescence marker.
Structural and Dynamic Characterization of Copper(II) Binding of the Human Prion Protein Outside the Octarepeat Region
Authors: Berti Francesco , Gaggelli Elena , Guerrini Remo , Janicka Anna , Kozlowski Henryk , Legowska Anna , Miecznikowska Hanna , Migliorini Caterina , Pogni Rebecca , Remelli Maurizio , Rolka Krzysztof , Valensin Daniela , Valensin Gianni 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHuman prion protein (hPrP) fragments encompassing the 91–120 region, namely hPrP92–100 (SP1), hPrP106–113 (SP2), hPrP91–120 (LP1), and hPrP91–114 (LP2), were considered for delineation of the CuII‐binding site(s). NMR and EPR spectroscopy results obtained from LP1 or LP2 were compared with those obtained from SP1 and SP2. The coexistence of two binding sites, one centered at His96 and the other at His111, was evidenced and ratified by ESI mass spectrometry at low and high metal:peptide ratios. While room‐temperature NMR spectroscopy data were consistent with the binding site centered on His111 being approximately fourfold stronger than that centered on His96, low‐temperature EPR spectroscopy results yielded evidence for the opposite trend. This disagreement, which has also occurred in the literature, was clarified by temperature‐dependent molecular dynamics runs that demonstrated Met112 approaching the metal at room temperature, a process that is expected to stabilize the His111‐centered binding site through hydrophobic shielding of the metal coordination sphere.
Randomized, placebo‐controlled trial of Saforis for prevention and treatment of oral mucositis in breast cancer patients receiving anthracycline‐based chemotherapy
Authors: Peterson Douglas E. , Jones James B. , Petit Robert G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Oral mucositis (OM) is a frequent complication of mucotoxic cancer therapy, causing significant oral pain, increased infection risk, and impaired functioning. The efficacy and safety of Saforis (glutamine) powder in UpTec for oral suspension was evaluated for the prevention and treatment of OM.METHODS.Three hundred twenty‐six patients developing World Health Organization (WHO) grade ≥2 OM during a chemotherapy screening cycle were randomized to Saforis (n = 163) or placebo (n = 163) 3 times/day during their next chemotherapy cycle (Treatment Cycle 1). Patients were crossed over to the alternate treatment during Treatment Cycle 2. As prespecified in the statistical plan, because of a carryover effect in Treatment Cycle 2 the primary efficacy analysis was based on Treatment Cycle 1 only.RESULTS.Compared with placebo, Saforis significantly reduced the incidence of clinically significant WHO grade ≥2 OM (38.7% vs. 49.7%; P = .026) and severe WHO grade ≥3 OM (1.2% vs. 6.7%; P = .005) in Treatment Cycle 1. Saforis also significantly reduced the worst Oral Mucositis Assessment Scale ulceration score in Treatment Cycle 1 compared with placebo (mean, 0.23 ± 0.39 vs. 0.32 ± 0.45; P = .013). Patients receiving Saforis in Treatment Cycle 1 had a lower‐than‐expected OM incidence when crossed over to placebo in Treatment Cycle 2, indicating a significant carryover effect (P = .027). The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events was similar between groups.CONCLUSIONS.Saforis is safe and effective for preventing and treating OM in patients receiving mucotoxic cancer chemotherapy. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Predictive and discriminating three‐risk‐group prognostic scoring system for staging Hodgkin lymphomas
Authors: Maucort‐Boulch Delphine , Djeridane Malika , Roy Pascal , Riche Benjamin , Colonna Pierre , Andrieu Jean‐Marie 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Several 3‐stage Ann Arbor classification‐derived prognostic systems were constructed since 1980 to identify the prognosis of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Modern statistical tools were applied to 955 patients treated between 1981 and 1996 to build a 3‐stage prognostic scoring system (PSS).METHODS.Each variable associated with 10‐year overall survival (10‐year OS) was assigned to 2 (0 or 1) or 3 (0, 1 or 3) values. By summing the values attributed to each variable, 3 stages were defined. 10‐year OS, 5‐year event‐free survival (5‐year EFS), and freedom from progression (5‐year FFP) rates of the PSS and of other existing systems were then compared.RESULTS.Four variables were associated with 10‐year OS: age (<40 = 0, ≥40 = 1), number of involved lymphoid areas (1–2 = 0, 3–4 = 1, ≥5 = 2), visceral disease (no = 0, yes = 1), and systemic symptoms (no = 0, yes = 1). Scores 0 and 1, 2 and 3, and ≥4 were attributed to 59.7%, 30.9%, and 9.4% of the patients who had 10‐year OS rates of 93.5, 75.7, and 53.4% and 5‐year EFS / 5‐year FFP rates of 91.2%/90.3%, 78.1%/76.3%, and 54.1%/52.6%, respectively. The discrimination and prediction abilities of the PSS were better than those of the other systems tested; moreover, the PSS adequately identified the few patients with a worse prognosis without resorting to the International Prognostic Score for advanced stages. The PSS was also highly predictive for 489 patients treated between 1997 and 2002.CONCLUSION.PSS is a useful alternative to the existing prognostic systems for evaluating HL patients. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Clinical course of nonvisceral soft tissue leiomyosarcoma in 225 patients from the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group
Authors: Svarvar Catarina , Böhling Tom , Berlin Örjan , Gustafson Pelle , Follerås Gunnar , Bjerkehagen Bodil , Domanski Henryk A. , Sundby Hall Kirsten , Tukiainen Erkki , Blomqvist Carl ,   and the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Leiomyosarcoma Working Group
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Leiomyosarcoma of nonvisceral soft tissues is an uncommon malignant tumor; thus, only small numbers of cases have been reported. This study was based on a large series of patients from the Scandinavian Sarcoma Group Register acquired during a 15‐year period (from 1986 to 2001). Follow‐up information was available for all patients.METHODS.The authors analyzed the clinical features of 225 patients with cutaneous, subcutaneous, or deep‐seated leiomyosarcoma of the extremities, trunk wall, and superficial parts of the head and neck region to determine the natural course of the disease. Only patients who received their treatment at a specialist sarcoma center were included. Re‐evaluation of histopathology was performed.RESULTS.The age of the patients (121 women and 104 men) ranged from 20 years to 98 years (median, 70 years), and the tumors ranged in size from 0.6 cm to 35 cm (median, 4.0 cm). Eighty‐two percent of the tumors were classified as high grade. The median follow‐up for survivors was 5.5 years. The local treatment was adequate in 154 of 206 patients (75%) who were without metastasis at presentation. At 10 years, 84% of the 206 patients with localized disease at presentation were free from local recurrence, 66% remained metastasis free, and 49% were alive. Multivariate analysis showed that higher malignancy grade (P = .006), larger tumor size (P = .003), and deeper tumor location (P = .002) were correlated significantly with decreased metastasis‐free survival, inadequate local treatment was correlated with local recurrence (P = .007), and high malignancy grade was correlated with decreased overall survival (P = .007).CONCLUSIONS.The long‐term prognosis for patients with subcutaneous and deep‐seated soft tissue leiomyosarcoma remains poor despite the ability to achieve adequate local control through nonmutilating surgery with or without radiotherapy. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Effect of routine follow‐up after treatment for laryngeal cancer on life expectancy and mortality
Authors: Ritoe Savitri C. , de Vegt Femmie , Scheike Inger M. , Krabbe Paul F. M. , Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , van den Hoogen Frank J. A. , Verbeek André L. M. , Marres Henri A. M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Routine follow‐up is offered to all patients with laryngeal cancer who are treated with curative intent. Although time and resources are devoted to surveillance, the effect of asymptomatic recurrence detection is not well understood. For this study, the authors evaluated the effect that routine follow‐up may have on life expectancy and disease‐specific mortality rate for patients with laryngeal cancer.METHODS.Using a Markov model, a cohort simulation was performed on 4 hypothetical age groups of patients with laryngeal cancer. Three different follow‐up strategies were compared—the current schedule, no follow‐up, and the perfect follow‐up—in which all recurrences were detected asymptomatically. Sensitivity analyses were performed to study the impact of variations in the transition rates on life expectancy.RESULTS.Compared with no follow‐up, the current schedule showed a gain in life expectancy with a range from 0.3 years to 1.5 years that decreased with advancing age. Abolishing the current follow‐up schedule raised the disease‐specific mortality rate; the increase ranged from 2.8% to 5.9%. Variations of ±25% in the transition rates produced only a modest effect on life expectancy.CONCLUSIONS.A small reduction in life expectancy was observed when follow‐up was withheld from the majority of patients. Disease‐specific mortality rates rose when no follow‐up was provided. These rates probably were overestimated. A simplified version of the current follow‐up protocol may be implemented. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.