bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of a School-Based Mindfulness Programme (Paws b) on Empathy and Prosocial Behaviour: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Crompton Katie , Kaklamanou Daphne , Fasulo Alessandra , Somogyi Eszter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a school-based mindfulness programme (SBMP), “Paws b”, on empathy and prosocial behaviour among children aged 7 to 10 years in a school setting.

Method
This multi-informant design, randomised controlled trial compared an intervention group to a wait-list control group, involving 133 children aged 7- to 10 years from 10 classrooms. Outcome measures were taken at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 3-month follow-up and included self-reports of mindfulness and empathy, a sharing task, teacher and peer reports of prosocial behaviours, and sociometry measures.

Results
Children in the intervention group were voted as significantly more (a) prosocial by teachers F(1, 127) = 7.35, p = 0.008, η2 = 0.055, (b) helpful by peers, F(1, 127) = 9.369, p < 0.003, η2 = 0.069, (c) popular by peers, F(1, 127) = 4.90, p = 0.028, η2 = 0.037, and (d) showed more reciprocal relationships, t(8) = 2.518, p = 0.036, compared to the wait-list control group. The intervention did not have an effect on mindfulness scores, empathy scores (affective, cognitive, or intention to comfort), or sharing task scores.

Conclusions
Findings suggest that, for 7–10-year-olds, the SBMP, Paws b, delivered by a mindfulness teacher, can increase some aspects of prosociality, as judged by peers and teachers, but has no effect on self-assessed empathy.

Preregistration
This study was preregistered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/vm6tp/) on 31.10.2022.
Sports Betting in Canada: Legal Perspectives from Two Years of Legal Single-Game Wagering
Authors: Holden John T. , Wall Tweedie Joanna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The review examines the sports gambling landscape in Canada, with a particular focus on Ontario, 2 years since the launch of regulated single-game sports wagering.

Recent Findings
Extensive academic attention has been given to the legalization of sports wagering in the USA; however, much less consideration has been given to the emergence of legalized sports betting in Canada.

Summary
Two years into legalized single-game wagering, the market in Canada is beginning to take shape. Ontario set out on a unique experiment allowing former gray market operators to enter the regulated market; no other province has elected to forego its monopoly and allow private entities to compete. Canada’s new market was accompanied by an influx of sports gambling commercials evoking concern and criticism from consumer advocates, addiction experts, and the broader public. Also, it has been argued that the advancement and utility of responsible gambling programming have not kept pace with the sports gambling surge. Legislation for tighter gambling advertising has been introduced. While there has been an influx of advertising and concerns regarding the need for more attention to be devoted to responsible gambling, Ontario’s experiment in allowing former gray market operators to enter the regulated market seems to be at least an early success. It is expected that regulatory attention and public health concerns will persist as the Canadian sports gambling market evolves.
Der Einfluss multimedialer Versuchsanleitungen auf die Lernwirksamkeit und die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung
Authors: Amacker Valerie , Wilhelm Markus , Bollmann Stella Sophia , Brovelli Dorothee 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie vorliegende Studie geht der Frage nach, welchen Einfluss der Präsentationsmodus einer Versuchsanleitung auf die Lernwirksamkeit und die Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung nimmt. Im Rahmen dieser Studie erarbeiteten N = 820 Schüler:innen im Alter von 12 bis 16 Jahren (M = 13,7 Jahre, SD = 1,1 Jahre) mit drei Anleitungsvarianten Versuche zur Optik und Infrarotstrahlung. Zum Einsatz kamen Versuchsanleitungen mit identischem Text- und Bildmaterial, einzig im Präsentationsmodus variierend. Die Anleitungsvarianten umfassten Bild-Text-Anleitungen in Form klassischer Arbeitsblätter, Bild-Instruktions-Anleitungen ähnlich dem Frontalunterricht mit einstudiertem Sprechtext der Workshop-Leitenden, und Video-Anleitungen, bei denen Teenager den Versuchsaufbau demonstrierten, basierend auf den gleichen Text- und Bildinhalten wie die Bild-Text-Anleitungen. Die Resultate der Untersuchung sollen Erkenntnisse liefern, welche Präsentationsmodi bei Versuchsanleitungen geeignet sind, damit Schüler:innen mit unterschiedlich hoher Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung selbständig und lernwirksam Schüler:innenversuche im Fach Physik durchführen können. Die Daten wurden in einem Prä- und Post-Test quantitativ erhoben und mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen den Präsentationsmodi von Versuchsanleitungen, der Lernwirksamkeit und der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung mittels Multilevel-Regressionsanalysen getestet. Die Auswertung der Daten lässt vermuten, dass innerhalb dieser Untersuchung alle drei Anleitungsvarianten bezüglich ihrer Lernwirksamkeit als ähnlich effektiv angesehen werden können. Bezüglich der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung deuten die Ergebnisse darauf hin, dass ein Überdenken des Einsatzes von Bild-Text-Anleitungen angebracht sein könnte, da bei dieser Anleitungsvariante eine signifikante Abnahme der Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung festgestellt wurde.
The impact of overweight on lipid phenotype in different forms of dyslipidemia: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Formisano E. , Proietti E. , Borgarelli C. , Sukkar S. G. , Albertelli M. , Boschetti M. , Pisciotta L. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Dyslipidemia plays a pivotal role in increasing cardiovascular risk. In clinical practice the misleading association between altered lipid profile and obesity is common, therefore genetically inherited dyslipidemias may not completely be addressed among patients with overweight. Thus, we aim to investigate the influence of overweight and obesity on the lipid phenotype in a cohort of patients with different forms of dyslipidemia.

Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with dyslipidemia from 2015 to 2022. Patients were stratified in familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCHL), non-familial hyperlipidemia or polygenic hypercholesterolemia (PH). Clinical characteristics and lipid profile were evaluated.

Results
Of the total of 798 patients, 361 were affected by non-familial hyperlipidemia (45.2%), while FCHL, FH and PH was described in 19.9%, 14.0% and 20.9% of patients, respectively. Overweight prevalence was higher in FCHL and non-familial hyperlipidemia patients than FH and PH patients. Subjects with overweight and obesity were independently associated with lower levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to patients with normal weight (52.4 and 46.0 vs 58.1, respectively; p < 0.0001); levels of triglycerides (TG) and non-HDL-C were higher in patients with overweight and obesity than patients with normal weight (257.3 and 290.9 vs 194.8, and 221.5 and 219.6 vs 210.1, p < 0.0001 and p = 0.01, respectively), while no differences were observed between patients with overweight and obesity.

Conclusion
While dyslipidemias can be influenced by various factors, an important determinant may lie in genetics, frequently acting as an underlying cause of altered lipid profiles, even in cases of overweight conditions.
Quality of Life Assessment in Danish Heroin Assisted Treatment Patients: Validity of the SF-36 Survey
Authors: Kvamme Timo L. , Thylstrup Birgitte , Hesse Morten 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Quality of life assessment is a crucial component of evaluating the treatment of substance use disorders such as opioid addiction.

Method
This study assessed the structural and external validity of the short form (SF-36) Health Survey in patients enrolled in the Danish Heroin Assisted Treatment Program (HAT). Exploratory and confirmation factor analysis was performed on 541 patients enrolled in the supervised injected HAT program who completed the SF-36 questionnaire at enrollment and with planned follow-ups. To investigate external validity, we correlated SF-36 factors with hospital contact prior to enrollment in HAT.

Results
Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable levels of statistical fit for the standard eight-factor model and provided evidence that quality of life can reliably be measured over time in this sample. SF-36 factors were correlated with the amount of prior somatic hospital contact but not psychiatric hospital contact. A stepwise regression approach revealed that the general health factor and the physical functioning factor were preferentially employed to predict the amount of prior somatic hospital contact.

Conclusion
Our findings support the validity of the SF-36 Health Survey as a measure of the quality of life in people undergoing Heroin Assisted Treatment. The fact that the factors structure of the SF-36 was stable over repeated measurements implies that it can be used as a measure of change in this population. Future studies should consider a longitudinal design and attempt to predict future hospital contact using quality-of-life measures in patients with opioid addiction.
Influence of 3D-printing deposition parameters on crystallinity and morphing properties of PLA-based materials
Authors: Cadete Mylene S. , Gomes Tiago E. P. , Gonçalves Idalina , Neto Victor 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMorphing effect control is still a major challenge in 4D-printing of polylactic acid (PLA). In this work, the influence of extrusion-based 3D-printing parameters on PLA-based material morphing was studied. A design of experiments was performed, where 5 factors (printing temperature, bed temperature, printing speed, fan speed, and flow) were explored at 2 levels. Crystallinity and morphing properties of each 3D-printed structure were determined and discussed. The crystallinity rates of the PLA-based specimens ranged from ca. 14% up to ca. 71%. The interaction between bed temperature and printing speed showed a significant impact on PLA-based samples crystallinity, where using these two parameters at their higher levels contributed to producing PLA-based specimens with higher crystallinity. When exposed to an external thermal stimulus of 60 °C, all settings were capable of acquiring a temporary shape and recover between ca. 71% and ca. 99% of the original shape, depending on the configurations the recovery times ranged from 8 to 50 s. The configuration that resulted in the highest recovery rate was: printing temperature at 220 °C, bed temperature at 40 °C, printing speed at 80 mm/s, fan speed at 0%, and flow at 100%. Regarding recovery time, the configuration of 180 °C for printing temperature, 80 °C for bed temperature, 10 mm/s for printing speed, 100% for fan speed and 150% for flow resulted in the longest recovery time. Overall, the experimental results clearly showed that the parameters of extrusion-based 3D-printing influence the crystallinity and transformability of PLA-based materials.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices on Circular Economy among Senior Managers of Ethiopian Textiles and Agro-Food Processing Companies
Authors: Simane Belay , Malcolm Rosalind , O’Meara Noreen , Oremo Francis , Geleta Yohannes , Ahmedin Abduljelil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCompanies are increasingly seeking to adopt a Circular Economy (CE) approach when aiming for greater corporate sustainability. In Ethiopia, a country rapidly industrializing, a CE approach in line with Ethiopia’s Green Manufacturing Strategy offers businesses a more sustainable and efficient economic approach than linear value chains. This study evaluates approaches towards implementing CE principles into novel business practices, focusing on the crucial role of senior business managers. Drawing on a sample of 145 senior managers of Ethiopian textiles and agro-food processing companies, we analysed their knowledge, attitudes, and practices vis-à-vis CE. The findings show that managers have high levels of knowledge about CE and hold positive attitudes towards it, although their companies’ practices did not reflect this. Logistic regression analysis showed that environmental management training, business circularity strategies, and the type of managerial positions are the major determinants of managers’ willingness to adopt circular practices. A critical finding was that participation in environmental management training and their managerial status negatively affect the willingness to adopt circular practices. Based on these findings, the study offers key recommendations focused on the potential to build CE models at the corporate level in developing countries, such as Ethiopia, through policy change and improved education and training.
Leveraging Model Scaling and Butterfly Network in the Bone Scan Image Segmentation
Authors: Rachmawati E. , Sulistiyo M. D. , Nugraha D. B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAs we all know, cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and the second leading cause of death overall. This is why regular screenings or health checks are necessary to detect cancer lesions early. Since bone scan images have become the primary means of detecting the emergence of cancer lesions on bone, high segmentation accuracy is essential for establishing the model of some predefined regions in bone scan images where cancer metastasis was predicted to appear. Consequently, robust localization and identification of the specific region in bone scan images are required for automated metastasis detection. To this end, we propose Efficient-BtrflyNet, a new deep learning-based architecture for skeleton segmentation of whole-body bone scan images. The proposed architecture exploits the benefits of EfficientNet’s model scaling and the encoder–decoder design of butterfly-type networks. We added EfficientNetB7 to the encoder section to obtain more specific features. The proposed architecture simultaneously processes anterior and posterior whole-body bone scan images. Using 37 bone scan images, we evaluated the performance of our proposed skeleton segmentation system using the Dice score. Efficient-BtrflyNet achieves superior segmentation performance compared to the existing representative method.
Development and validation of a new measure of school-age bullying experiences for adults: the Bullying and Exclusion Experiences Scale (BEES)
Authors: Deighton Russell M. , Murphy Anna 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFew options are available for measuring the adult impact of childhood bullying. The Bullying Experiences and Exclusion Scale (BEES) is an 18-item retrospective self-report measure of school-age bullying experiences in three different roles (victim, witness, perpetrator). Its validity was examined in an online survey with 346 participants. Construct validity was examined using a polytomous Rasch model with accompanying principal components analysis and found to be supported. Convergent and discriminant validity were supported based on comparison measures focussing on past school experiences (social support, emotional problems, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial behaviour), as well as current adult experience of stress, anxiety and depression. Concurrent validity was also supported based on associations with a global self-rating of experience in each bullying role. It was concluded that the BEES meets the need for an easily administered retrospective measure of school age bullying experiences which has relevance to ongoing psychological disturbance and past interpersonal factors.
Impact of physical and attention mechanisms on U-Net for SST forecasting
Authors: Wang Yong , Zhang Yiming , Wang Gaige 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSea surface temperature (SST) prediction is a subject of great significance to the marine environment and human society. Changes in SST not only impact marine ecosystems and fishery resources but also trigger extreme weather events and disastrous consequences. Therefore, the precise prediction of SST is essential to avoiding these problems. Although numerous data-driven SST prediction models have emerged in recent years, these models are characterized by a lack of physical mechanisms related to sea temperature changes as well as insufficient generalization capabilities and interpretability. In our work, attempts were made to integrate physics-related convection phenomena into deep learning models, and traditional deep learning models were improved by incorporating time and space attention modules. The results of a series of experiments showed that the incorporation of physical mechanisms enhanced the performance of data-driven models. Furthermore, attention mechanisms were similarly helpful, of which temporal attention proved to be more important. The modules proposed in this work also improved the baseline model’s accuracy by 22%. In addition, seven-day SST predictions were carried out for the world’s five major fishing grounds. The results demonstrated that the application of transfer learning strategies yielded superior performance, further improving prediction accuracy by 1%–5%.
Mediating and Moderating Factors Affecting Pro-environmental Decision-Making: A Spanish Study
Authors: Cuadrado Esther , Díaz-Carmona Inmaculada , Alcántara-Manzanares Jorge 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBecause it is relevant to analyse the variables that may influence pro-environmental decision-making, the aim of this study was to analyse (a) the mediating role of perceived responsibility towards climate change (CC) in the relationship between scepticism towards CC and pro-environmental decision-making; and (b) the moderating role of implicit theories about CC (ITCC) in the relationship between responsibility and pro-environmental decision-making. For this purpose, 209 Spanish students (48.8% female, 43.1% male,and 8.1% preferring not to report their gender; mean age = 17.48, sd = 3.78) completed a questionnaire twice (two months apart) and subsequently (again, two months apart) indicated how many days they wanted to participate in a beach cleanup campaign. The results corroborate that (a) responsibility mediates the relationship between scepticism and pro-environmental decision-making, and (b) ITCC moderates the relationship between responsibility and pro-environmental decision-making. The study highlights the need to foster beliefs about the mitigation of CC and to promote reliable information in order to reduce scepticism towards CC, as well as feelings of responsibility towards CC in the field of Environmental Education.
Psychological Hardiness and Compassion Satisfaction Among the Turkish Red Crescent: The Case of 2023 Kahramanmaras Earthquake
Authors: Kınık Kerem , Kuday Ahmet Doğan , Çalışkan Cüneyt 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives:
This study assessed psychological hardiness and compassion satisfaction among the Türk Kızılay (Turkish Red Crescent) personnel and volunteers involved in the 2023 Kahramanmaraş earthquake. Additionally, the relationship between compassion satisfaction and psychological hardiness was also investigated.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and July 2023. Participants completed an online survey, which included the Sociodemographic Information Form, Psychological Hardiness Scale, and Compassion Satisfaction Scale. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 25 (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, USA), using a significance level of 95% and p < 0.05.

Results:
The study involved 400 participants, comprising 84 (21%) personnel and 316 (79%) volunteers. Participants exhibited an average psychological hardiness level of 24.56 ± 7.25 and a compassion satisfaction level of 47.40 ± 17.28. A significant positive correlation was observed between compassion satisfaction and psychological hardiness (r = 0.571; p < 0.001). The results of logistics regression have revealed that the level of psychological hardiness is higher in males compared to females (OR = 1.930, CI = 1.115 − 3.340; P < 0.05) and is also higher in those with high compassion satisfaction compared to those with low compassion satisfaction (OR = 1.386, CI = 1.256 − 1.529; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:
The findings of this study indicate that individuals involved in disaster response should consider compassion satisfaction as an important tool for enhancing psychological hardiness.
About the same thing in a different way: wording and experienced emotions in the understanding of official letters
Authors: Jankowska Marta M. , Imbir Kamil K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractReading official letters and being able to react to them appropriately is part of the daily life of every adult in many countries. Although the history of the plain language movement dates to the past century, it is only now that efforts are being made in Poland to adapt official documents to their audience. In this paper, we describe the results of a study (N = 685) in which we examined how particular linguistic forms and text structure affect the reception of an official-looking text – comprehension as well as emotions experienced, trust in the office, feelings of helplessness in the situation of reading the writing, and many other variables. Based on Imbir’s (2016, New Ideas in Psychology, 43, 39–49), two-system theory of emotions, we aim to examine how emotions – triggered by these complex stimuli – affect their processing. We hope that the results of our interdisciplinary research will answer the questions and hypotheses posed by researchers and find application in the reforms currently underway. We believe that by linking findings from cognitive psychology, the psychology of emotions and linguistics, we will also expand knowledge in the broad discussion on overcoming barriers between administrative offices and target audiences.
Some findings from the longitudinal migration of starspots
Authors: Kaya N.Ö. , Dal H.A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present results regarding the longitudinal migrations of cool stellar spots that exhibit remarkable oscillations and explore their possible causes. We conducted analyses using high-quality data from nine target systems of various spectral types, spanning from F to M, which were observed by the Kepler Satellite. The systems in which the behaviour of the spots was examined are as follows: KIC 4357272, KIC 6025466, KIC 6058875, KIC 6962018, KIC 7798259, KIC 9210828, KIC 11706658, KIC 12599700, and KIC 8669092. Basic stellar parameters were calculated from light curve analysis using the PHOEBE V.0.32 software, and light curves were modelled to obtain sinusoidal variations occurring out-of-eclipses phases, induced by rotational modulation. Subsequently, we calculated the minimum times of the obtained sinusoidal variations using the Fourier transform. The distributions of

${\theta}_{\min}$

corresponding to these minimum times over time were computed using linear fits to determine the longitudinal migrations of the spotted areas. We then compared the longitudinal migration periods with the stellar parameters found in the literature. In addition, we also found a secondary variation in the spot migrations apart from the linear models. Our results revealed that the longitudinal migration periods vary in relation to the

$B-V$

colour index of the stars.