bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Selenoprotein P – die Drehscheibe im
Selenstoffwechsel
Authors: Stoll Günther , Gröber Uwe , Schomburg Lutz 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungSelen ist ein essenzielles Spurenelement, das im Körper in Form von
Selenoproteinen verschiedene physiologische Funktionen erfüllt. Die Hauptform
des Selens im Blutplasma ist das Selenoprotein P (SELENOP). Neben seiner
Funktion als wichtigster Transporter im Körper übernimmt es auch Speicher- und
Verteilerfunktionen. Eine niedrige Konzentration an SELENOP wurde als
Risikofaktor für eine Reihe verschiedener Erkrankungen und generell mit
verringerter Lebenserwartung assoziiert. Auch beim Selenmangel gibt es einige
Gesundheitsrisiken. Der Ausgleich eines Selendefizits ist relativ einfach und
kann durch eine bessere Versorgung erfolgen.
Überblick über die Veränderungen in der ICD-11 im Bereich der affektiven Störungen
Authors: Völz Henrike , Köhler Stephan 
Published: April 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGMit der Einführung der ICD-11 werden im Kapitel Affektive Störungen einige klinisch relevante Veränderungen erwartet. Die Differenzierung der depressiven Symptomatik in 3 Symptomcluster, eine dimensionale Beurteilung des Schweregrads und allgemein hinzugewonnene Freiheitsgrade für klinisch tätiges Fachpersonal in der Diagnostik affektiver Störungen werden deutlich. Besonders die Möglichkeit sogenannte Specifier (aus engl. Originalversion) zusätzlich anzugeben, ist hervorzuheben. In der Revision der ICD-10 kann die Bipolare Störung Typ II nun auch als eine eigenständige Diagnose verschlüsselt werden. In vielen Bereichen lässt sich insgesamt eine Annäherung an die Kriterien des DSM-5 beobachten. Der folgende Artikel bietet einen Überblick über die Veränderungen im Bereich der affektiven Erkrankungen und welche Auswirkungen auf den klinischen Alltag zu erwarten sind.
Histology Findings after Two Years of Cytology/HPV Co-Testing in Germany
Authors: Xhaja Arjola , Ahr André , Zeiser Ilona , Ikenberg Hans 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince 1 January 2020, diagnostic confirmation of abnormalities detected in the context of cytology/HPV co-testing in cervical cancer screening under the statutory health insurance scheme in women aged 35 and over has been performed according to predefined algorithms. A colposcopy is indicated even in the case of borderline/low-grade cytological changes and/or HPV persistence. In this article we compare the histology findings after primary screening examinations in 2020/21 with those from 2018/19, thus also comparing the results of two different screening approaches.Our analysis included all of the cytology, HPV, and histology results from all primary screening examinations, as well as the resulting diagnostic confirmation and curative cases, that could be obtained by 30 June 2023. In 2018/19 these comprised 650600 cytology and 1804 histology findings, and in 2020/21 there were 491450 cytology and 7156 histology findings. The absolute numbers of histology findings and the percentage ratios of these to all cytological diagnoses are presented with comparison factors.In 2020/21 there were 5.2 times more histology findings in relation to all previous cytology examinations than in 2018/19, as well as 10.6 times more biopsies, 3.8 times more conizations, and 1.2 times more hysterectomies. There was a particularly high increase in diagnostic confirmation of borderline/low-grade or only HPV-positive findings. With co-testing, 12.7 times more CIN1, 6.4 times more CIN2, and 3.5 times more CIN3 lesions were diagnosed. The proportion of biopsies without dysplasia was 7.6 times higher than in previous years. Cervical carcinomas were diagnosed 1.8 times more frequently, and endometrial carcinomas 0.7 times less frequently.More CIN lesions were found with co-testing, but the increase in histology findings of low-grade or no dysplasia was far greater than findings of CIN3. Lesions not requiring treatment accounted for 94.4% of biopsy results in 2020/21. The use of computer-assisted LBC with progression markers could reduce this.
Serum Levels of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 as Biomarkers to Predict Radiotherapy Sensitivity in Cervical Cancer
Authors: Song Lina , Gao Yali , Wang Zhicong , Shi Yufeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCervical cancer is a significant global health burden, and individualized treatment approaches are necessary due to its heterogeneity. Radiotherapy is a common treatment modality; however, the response varies among patients. The identification of reliable biomarkers to predict radiotherapy sensitivity is crucial.A cohort of 189 patients with stage IB2-IVA cervical cancer, treated with radiotherapy alone or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, was included. Serum samples were collected before treatment, and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) concentrations were determined. Patients were categorized into radiotherapy-sensitive (RS) and radiotherapy-resistant (RR) groups based on treatment response. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival rates were analyzed.The analysis of clinicopathological characteristics showed that age, family history of cervical cancer and post-menopausal status did not significantly differ between RS and RR groups. Tumor size demonstrated a borderline significant association with radiotherapy response, while differentiation degree was significantly associated. Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 concentrations were significantly higher in the RR group compared to the RS group. Combined detection of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 improved the predictive ability for radiotherapy sensitivity. Higher serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels were observed in patients with lower tumor differentiation. Five-year overall survival rates differed significantly between patients with high and low ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels.Serum ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 levels show potential as predictive biomarkers for radiotherapy sensitivity in cervical cancer.
Die ICD-11 und die Schlafstörungen
Authors: Young Peter 
Published: April 2024

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSeit dem 01.01.2022 ist von der Weltgesundheitsorganisation die ICD-11 verabschiedet worden. Die neue Struktur der ICD-11 beinhaltet 3 neue Kapitel. So lässt sich unter dem Kapitel 7 der ICD-11 das neue Kapitel der Schlaf-Wach-Störung finden. Die neue Struktur der ICD-11 mit einem eigenen Kapitel der Schlaf-Wach-Störungen ähnelt der Internationalen Klassifikation von Schlafstörungen Version 3 (International Classification of Sleep Disorders Version 3, ICSD-3). Die Zusammenstellung von Erkrankungen des Schlafs in einem eigenen Kapitel stellt eine besondere Grundlage für die Zusammenführung der schlafmedizinischen Erkrankungen in zukünftigen Versorgungsstrukturen dar. Da die Schlaf-Wach-Regulation bei all den in dem ICD-11-Kapitel 7 aufgeführten Schlafstörungen eine Rolle spielt, wurde diese als ätiologische Grundlage in den Titel für das Kapitel genommen. Für die Schlafmedizin ist durch die sich in Zukunft in der Umsetzung befindlichen ICD-11 für Versorgungsstrukturen eine große Chance, um als eigenständiges Fach gestärkt zu werden. Es besteht die Chance, spezifische schlafmedizinische Versorgungsstrukturen zu etablieren. Mit der ICD-11 ist für die Schlafstörungen erstmalig eine Zusammenführung der schlafmedizinischen Erkrankungen neben der ICSD-3 als spezifische Klassifikation gelungen.
Large Language Modelle zur schnellen Vereinfachung der Eingabe von Qualitätssicherungsdaten: Performance-Test mit Echtdaten am Beispiel der Tumordokumentation in der Urologie
Authors: Frank Johannes , Merseburger Axel S. , Landmesser Johannes , Brozat-Essen Silvia , Schramm Peter , Freimann Laura , Kleehaus Alexander , Elsner Christian 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Large Language Modelle (LLMs) wie ChatGPT haben innerhalb kürzester Zeit die Anwendung von künstlicher Intelligenz in die breite Anwendung gebracht. Neben vielen verschiedenen Use-Cases der Textgenerierung und Verarbeitung ist eine Anwendung die Extraktion von Daten aus vorhandenen Dokumenten und Gesprächen zur vereinfachten und automatisierten Befüllung von Formularen.

Zielsetzung Gerade im Bereich der Qualitätssicherung und Dokumentation von Tumorerkrankungen fällt aktuell ein hoher Arbeitsaufwand an, Daten unter verschiedenen Aspekten in leicht variierenden Formaten und unter Anwendung von Interpretationen wie z.B. der TNM-Klassifikation von Tumoren zu übertragen. Zur Beurteilung der Anwendbarkeit von LLMs unterstützen Prozessen in diesem Bereich fehlen jedoch Feldversuche mit Echtdaten, die eine Beurteilung der Effizienz und Praktikabilität ermöglichen. Diese Arbeit soll einen Performance-Test dazu umsetzen und beurteilen.

Methodik Es wurde ein Performance-Test mit N=153 datenschutztechnisch und durch eine Ethikkommission zu dem Zweck freigegebenen Arztbriefen von 25 Patienten vorgenommen. Mit der öffentlich verfügbaren Version von ChatGPT 4.0 wurden dazu mit einem automatisierten Programmskript die Aufgaben der Extraktion eines Erstdiagnosedatums sowie gängiger Tumorklassifikationen vorgenommen. Die Ergebnisse wurden dann einzeln auf Richtigkeit geprüft. Daran wurde dann der Nutzen eines Systems zum geführten Support bei Aufgaben im Kontext der Tumordokumentation indikativ beurteilt. Weiterhin wurde das Vorgehen auch im Kontext von Betriebskosten sowie potenzieller Hürden bis zur Anwendbarkeit beurteilt.

Ergebnisse In Summe kommt die Arbeit zum Schluss, dass der Einsatz generativer KI in diesem Feld vielversprechend ist und bereits im untrainierten Zustand als Hilfe tauglich ist. In einer simplifizierten Kalkulation stehen Kosten von 35 Cent einer Wertschöpfung von 61,54 Euro gegenüber. Es wird jedoch auch klar, dass die KI nur unterstützend tätig sein kann und die richtige Einbettung mit vorgefertigten spezifischen natürlichsprachigen Abfragen (=Prompts) und Werkzeugen in den Arbeitsablauf entscheidend für die Performance ist.

Schlussfolgerung Der Einsatz von generativer KI im Kontext von Such-, Übertragungs- und Interpretationsarbeiten bei der Erstellung einer Tumordokumentation ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz. Die Umsetzung muss jedoch in praktischer Anwendung eng begleitet werden und das beste Zusammenspiel zwischen Mensch und Maschine weiter evaluiert und mit spezifischen Werkzeugen begleitet werden.
Deep Learning for Predicting Progression of Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis Based on Lateral Knee Radiographs, Demographic Data, and Symptomatic Assessments
Authors: Bayramoglu Neslihan , Englund Martin , Haugen Ida K. , Ishijima Muneaki , Saarakkala Simo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective In this study, we propose a novel framework that utilizes deep learning and attention mechanisms to predict the radiographic progression of patellofemoral osteoarthritis (PFOA) over a period of 7 years.
Material and Methods This study included subjects (1,832 subjects, 3,276 knees) from the baseline of the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study (MOST). Patellofemoral joint regions of interest were identified using an automated landmark detection tool (BoneFinder) on lateral knee X-rays. An end-to-end deep learning method was developed for predicting PFOA progression based on imaging data in a five-fold cross-validation setting. To evaluate the performance of the models, a set of baselines based on known risk factors were developed and analyzed using gradient boosting machine (GBM). Risk factors included age, sex, body mass index, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score, and the radiographic osteoarthritis stage of the tibiofemoral joint (Kellgren and Lawrence [KL] score). Finally, to increase predictive power, we trained an ensemble model using both imaging and clinical data.
Results Among the individual models, the performance of our deep convolutional neural network attention model achieved the best performance with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.856 and average precision (AP) of 0.431, slightly outperforming the deep learning approach without attention (AUC = 0.832, AP = 0.4) and the best performing reference GBM model (AUC = 0.767, AP = 0.334). The inclusion of imaging data and clinical variables in an ensemble model allowed statistically more powerful prediction of PFOA progression (AUC = 0.865, AP = 0.447), although the clinical significance of this minor performance gain remains unknown. The spatial attention module improved the predictive performance of the backbone model, and the visual interpretation of attention maps focused on the joint space and the regions where osteophytes typically occur.
Conclusion This study demonstrated the potential of machine learning models to predict the progression of PFOA using imaging and clinical variables. These models could be used to identify patients who are at high risk of progression and prioritize them for new treatments. However, even though the accuracy of the models were excellent in this study using the MOST dataset, they should be still validated using external patient cohorts in the future.
Efficacy and Advantages of Spinal Anesthesia in Lumbar Disk Surgery
Authors: Akgun Mehmet Yigit , Orak Helin İlkay , Akgul Mehmet Huseyin , Ates Ozkan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background Quality of life (QoL) may be affected due to various reasons such as low back or leg pains with accompanying neurologic problems. Lumbar disk surgery is one of the most common performed surgeries to relieve those symptoms. Various anesthetic techniques can be used safely to perform lumbar disk surgeries. Properties that make an anesthetic technique good are mainly the quick onset and returning of the effects. This large retrospective study with patients who have undergone lumbar disk surgery under spinal anesthesia aims to evaluate the perioperative and postoperative parameters of the spinal anesthesia and review the literature.
Methods Cases operated under spinal anesthesia between January 2017 and December 2020 were investigated, and 617 patients who underwent simple lumbar disk surgery were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of the patients were recorded. Visual analog scale (VAS) and QoLscores were obtained before and after the operation.
Results There were 282 (45.7%) male and 335 (54.3%) female patients with a mean age of 39.48 ± 16.71 years (range: 18–58 years) at symptom onset. The mean operating time was 46.3 minutes (range: 22–68 minutes). Average blood loss was 85 mL (range: 55–125 mL). All the patients were mobilized 6 to 12 hours after surgery. In our patient group, there were both high- and normal-risk groups in terms of the ASA physical status. During the clinical follow-up, a statistically significant improvement was found for the VAS and QoL scores (p < 0.05).
Conclusions In this large retrospective study, our results have confirmed that spinal anesthesia is at least comparable to general anesthesia and even superior to it in some aspects.
Status and Development of Nuclear Medicine Over One Decade in Beijing
Authors: Luo Fei , Geng Jianhua , Chen Shengzu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective Our objective was to investigate the basic information of the personnel and facilities of nuclear medicine in Beijing.
Methods This survey was performed by the Beijing Quality Control Center in 2018. The investigation included personnel, equipment, and clinical applications, and data were then compared with previous surveys. The paper questionnaires were used for the survey, which required information about the personnel, devices, and clinical applications.
Results About 38 nuclear medicine departments in Beijing were involved in the survey. The number of nuclear medicine staff was 531 in 2018, showing an increase of 58.7% over the past decade. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) represented the main nuclear medicine facilities, and the total number of surveyed departments was 18, 24, and 34, respectively. The quality control results showed significant improvement from the 2005 levels. The total number of scintigraphy procedures was estimated at 199,607 (153,185 SPECT and 46,422 PET/CT). The estimated annual number of scintigraphy images was 8.9 per 1,000 population for SPECT and 2.7 per 1,000 population for PET/CT during 2018. The most frequent radioiodine-targeted therapy was 131I-targeted therapy for hyperthyroidism in 2018.
Conclusion Nuclear medicine has experienced rapid growth in the past 10 years in Beijing, either in personnel, equipment, and scintigraphy. Future efforts will focus on the use of new isotopes in the diagnosis, implementing quality strategy, and enhancing training.
Machine Learning as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Tool for Predicting Thrombosis in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: El-Sherbini Adham H. , Coroneos Stefania , Zidan Ali , Othman Maha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractKhorana score (KS) is an established risk assessment model for predicting cancer-associated thrombosis. However, it ignores several risk factors and has poor predictability in some cancer types. Machine learning (ML) is a novel technique used for the diagnosis and prognosis of several diseases, including cancer-associated thrombosis, when trained on specific diagnostic modalities. Consolidating the literature on the use of ML for the prediction of cancer-associated thrombosis is necessary to understand its diagnostic and prognostic abilities relative to KS. This systematic review aims to evaluate the current use and performance of ML algorithms to predict thrombosis in cancer patients. This study was conducted per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Databases Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov, were searched from inception to September 15, 2023, for studies evaluating the use of ML models for the prediction of thrombosis in cancer patients. Search terms “machine learning,” “artificial intelligence,” “thrombosis,” and “cancer” were used. Studies that examined adult cancer patients using any ML model were included. Two independent reviewers conducted study selection and data extraction. Three hundred citations were screened, of which 29 studies underwent a full-text review, and ultimately, 8 studies with 22,893 patients were included. Sample sizes ranged from 348 to 16,407 patients. Thrombosis was characterized as venous thromboembolism (n = 6) or peripherally inserted central catheter thrombosis (n = 2). The types of cancer included breast, gastric, colorectal, bladder, lung, esophageal, pancreatic, biliary, prostate, ovarian, genitourinary, head–neck, and sarcoma. All studies reported outcomes on the ML's predictive capacity. The extreme gradient boosting appears to be the best-performing model, and several models outperform KS in their respective datasets.
Reviewing the Rich History of Fibrin Clot Research with a Focus on Clinical Relevance
Authors: Undas Anetta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFibrin, described on a single-lens microscopy for the first time by Malpighi in 1666 and named by de Fourcroy, has been extensively studied by biochemists, biophysicists, and more recently by clinicians who recognized that fibrin is the major component of most thrombi. Elucidation of key reactions leading to fibrin clot formation in the 1950s and 1960s grew interest in the clinical relevance of altered fibrin characteristics. Implementation of scanning electron microscopy to image fibrin clots in 1947 and clot permeation studies in the 1970s to evaluate an average pore size enabled plasma clot characterization in cohorts of patients. Unfavorably altered fibrin clot structure was demonstrated by Blombäck's group in coronary artery disease in 1992 and in diabetes in 1996. Fifteen years ago, similar plasma fibrin clot alterations were reported in patients following venous thromboembolism. Multiple myeloma was the first malignant disease to be found to lead to abnormal fibrin clot phenotype in the 1970s. Apart from anticoagulant agents, in 1998, aspirin was first shown to increase fibrin clot permeability in cardiovascular patients. The current review presents key data on the rich history of fibrin research, in particular, those that first documented abnormal fibrin clot properties in a variety of human disease states, as well as factors affecting fibrin phenotype.
Design of closed loop for reproduction of gas-dominated hydrate flow
Authors: Wada Ryota , Hajohta Hiroaki , Konno Yoshihiro , Yamamoto Marcio , Sato Toru , Yamamoto Yoshitaka , Muraoka Michihiro , Suzuki Kiyofumi , Ninomiya Shuhei 
Published: April 2024

The study presents a novel setup for measuring the flow regime of hydrate particles in a gas-dominated flow, which is of interest for applications such as natural gas transportation. A closed-flow loop, driven by a novel internal fan, enables continuous observation of hydrate particle behavior in a gas flow. The experimental setup allows the production and insertion of HFC134a gas hydrate particles with diameters of 10–50 μm into the gas flow loop via a bypass loop. The performance curve of the internal fan is validated, and its suitability for achieving the required flow speed (5 m/s) is demonstrated. Through an observation window using camera systems, the flow regime of glass beads is successfully visualized and analyzed. To validate the experimental data, a coupled computational fluid dynamics–discrete element method model is used to simulate the particle flow density distribution. The study findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the experimental setup in characterizing the flow regime of hydrate particles in a gas-dominated flow.
Management of acute sexual assault presenting to a large Australian sexual health clinic in 2012–2021: a retrospective clinical audit
Authors: Kink Aleah , Towns Janet M. , Fairley Christopher K. , Phillips Tiffany R. , Bradshaw Catriona S. , Chow Eric P. F. 
Published: April 2024

Background The incidence of sexual assault continues to rise in Australia. This study aimed to describe the nature of assault, HIV/STI positivity, and its management at a sexual health clinic. Methods We performed a chart review of 516 sexual assault cases presenting to Melbourne Sexual Health Centre between 2012 and 2021, collecting data on victim demographics, details of assault, HIV/STI testing and positivity, police involvement, and offer of counselling. Results We included 516 cases: 124 males (24.0%); 384 females (74.4%); and eight transgender (1.6%) victims. The proportion of assault cases presenting to Melbourne Sexual Health Centre increased from 0.1% (37/37,070) in 2012 to 0.2% (56/36,514) in 2021 (Ptrend = 0.006). HIV post-exposure prophylaxis was prescribed for 64.5% (80/124) of males and 12.5% (48/384) of females. Among victims, 69.4% (358/516) were tested for HIV and no one tested positive, while 71.9% (371/516) were tested for syphilis, with 1.6% (6/371) positive. Gonorrhoea and chlamydia were tested at the oropharynx (44.8% [231/516] vs 28.7% [148/516]), genitals (83.7% [432/516] vs 92.4% [477/516]) and anorectum (35.3% [182/516] vs 35.3% [182/516]). Positivity for gonorrhoea and chlamydia were: 2.6% (6/231) vs 2.0% (3/148) at oropharynx, 1.4% (6/432) vs 2.9% (14/477) at genitals, and 5.5% (10/182) vs 7.1% (13/182) at anorectum. According to clinical records, 25.2% (130/516) of victims sought police involvement, and 71.7% (370/516) were offered counselling. Conclusions Sexual assault was an uncommon presentation at Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, with diverse circumstances surrounding assault; however, clinical documentation varied, indicating a need for a standard primary care protocol for clients presenting with acute sexual assault.