bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
MICROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN TIBIAL GROWTH CARTILAGE IN VARIOUS FORMS OF DWARFISM
Authors: Stanescu V. , Stanescu R. , Szirmai J. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Microchemical determinations of glycosaminoglycans and collagen were preformed in isolated histological zones from sections of tibial epiphyseal plate biopsies obtained from children with growth disorders (pituitary dwarfism, congenital myxoedema, Turner's syndrome, Noonan's syndrome, mucopolysaccharidosis type VI, vitamin D resistant rickets and achondroplasia). Alternate sections were used for histochemical localization of glycosaminoglycans and proteins. The values were compared with those found in comparable zones of the growth plate from normal children of the same age.
The chondroitin sulphate concentration (% of defatted dry wt.) in the normal epiphyseal plate increased from the resting zone towards the proliferating/hypertrophic zone; collagen exhibited a reverse trend. In some of the pathological biopsies the concentration of chondroitin sulphate was slightly decreased whereas that of collagen was slightly increased. A marked increase in the collagen concentration was found in achondroplasia. The solubility profiles of the cetylpyridinium complexes of the chondroitin sulphate fraction showed three main peaks with slight but characteristic differences in the various zones of the normal cartilage plate. Significant shifts in the proportion of these peaks were observed in several pathological biopsies, indicating possible deviations from the normal molecular characteristics of the chondroitin sulphate. Analysis of the main chondroitin sulphate fraction, obtained from pooled samples of normal tibial growth plate after fractionation on the macroscale, indicated that all three peaks contained both chondroitin-4 sulphate and chondroitin-6 sulphate and that they probably differed in their molecular weight.
DIFFERING PATTERNS OF ACID PHOSPHATASE AND CATHEPSIN D ACTIVITIES IN THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE GLAND DURING CASTRATION-INDUCED PROSTATIC INVOLUTION
Authors: Helminen Heikki J. , Ericsson Jan L. E. , Arborgh Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D in the rat's ventral prostate lobe were investigated under normal conditions and during castration-induced involution. The specific activities of the acid hydrolases were higher in the prostatic »tissue« fraction than in the »secretion« fraction of the gland, and the total activities of acid phosphatase and cathepsin D in the »secretion« were increased up to about 24 % and 8 %, respectively, of the activities in the whole lobe.
During involution, the specific activities of both hydrolases in the tissue showed a rapid increase, while total activity and activity »per cell« (on a DNA basis) of acid phosphatase declined, while the total activity of cathepsin D remained essentially unaltered at first and ultimately decreased; the activity of cathepsin D »per cell« was first increased and later showed a slight decrease.
Cycloheximide administration retarded the gross atrophy and decrease in protein and DNA content, and was associated with a lowered total, specific and »per cell« activity of cathepsin D, and an »increased« total activity of acid phosphatase. The observations are compatible with an increased de novo synthesis of cathepsin D and a decreased synthesis of acid phosphatase during prostatic involution.
The findings were interpreted as indicating that in the ventral prostate lobe of the rat, acid phosphatase is in part a secretory (and hormonesensitive) enzyme, and in part a »conventional« lysosomal enzyme, while cathepsin D is predominantly an enzyme which is bound to conventional lysosomes.
LIPOLYSIS IN HUMAN ADIPOSE TISSUE: COMPARISON OF HUMAN PITUITARY HORMONES WITH OTHER LIPOLYTIC AGENTS
Authors: Bray George A. , Trygstad Olav 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Lipolysis was studied in subcutaneous fat from obese and lean individuals. Glycerol was released at similar rates using pieces of fat weighing 40 or 100 mg. Isolated fat cells offered no advantage over segments of fat for the study of lipolysis. The lipolytic effects of epinephrine and norepinephrine were potentiated by phentolamine (an α-adrenergic blocking drug) and blocked by propranolol (a β-adrenergic blocking drug). Isoproterenol-stimulated lipolysis was also blocked by propranolol but was not potentiated by phentolamine. Thyrotrophin and a lipid-mobilizing factor from human pituitaries were lipolytic in vitro. Human growth hormone with or without dexamethasone had no effect on lipolysis.
DISSOCIATION OF GLYCOPROTEIN HORMONES
Authors: Amir S. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
There is growing evidence to indicate that pituitary and placental glycoprotein hormones are comprised of non-identical subunits. Several of these hormones have now been resolved into their constituent subunits. The hormones derived from several species appear to share a polypeptide subunit (α), with identical, or nearly identical, characteristics. Present studies suggest that the biological properties of the native hormones may be predominantly contributed by the β subunit, which also carries specific antigenic determinants, and is structurally unique for each species.
FREE URINARY CORTISOL AS A REPRESENTATIVE STEROID OF THE URINARY PORTER-SILBER-CHROMOGENS
Authors: Stolecke H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In this investigation an attempt was made to find a compound based on urinary steroids which characterise the mean cortisol metabolites. Free urinary cortisol turned out to be useful for this purpose. Thus a positive correlation can be demonstrated under basal conditions as well as after standardized loading tests with metyrapone and β1-24-tetracosactide2). With regard to the lens-effect described in a previous paper and the mechanisms leading to this effect it was considered whether the determination of free urinary cortisol could be used as a sensitive estimation of enhanced adrenal activity, providing this rise in activity led to an increase of the biologically active plasma cortisol fraction. Further studies of free urinary cortisol in pathological conditions other than Cushing's syndrome as well as calculations of ratios of urinary C-17-OHCS and plasma cortisol are necessary, however, in order to evaluate the diagnostic possibilities in use of free urinary cortisol as a parameter.
ADRENOCORTICAL RESPONSE TO NON-EXHAUSTIVE MUSCULAR EXERCISE
Authors: Raymond L. W. , Sode J. , Tucci J. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Treadmill walking produced a prompt reduction in serum cortisol in 10 of 12 healthy military men. In contrast, two subjects, with pre-exercise tachycardia and apprehension, showed an increase in serum cortisol with treadmill exercise. In each group, the changes produced by exercise were still evident 30 and 60 minutes after the 30-minute treadmill walk. Urine collected before and after exercise contained similar amounts of 11-hydroxy- and 17-hydroxycorticosteroid material. These results may be explained by an increase in cortisol utilization during exercise and/or by a change in its distribution. The data indicate that in the absence of psychic factors, non-exhaustive exercise is not associated with pituitary adrenocortical activation.
THE EFFECT OF SOLDACTONA® (CANRENOATE-POTASSIUM) ON PLASMA TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROSTENEDIONE AND URINARY 17-KETOSTEROIDS AND 17-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Dymling John-Fredrik , Nilsson Karl Olof , Hökfelt Bernt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the aldosterone antagonist Soldactona® on the plasma concentrations of testosterone and androstenedione and the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. In the control samples, a diurnal variation of plasma testosterone similar to that of plasma cortisol was observed. Soldactona® caused a rapid and -marked fall in plasma testosterone and a decrease in the urinary 17-ketosteroids. No appreciable alterations could be demonstrated in the plasma androstenedione or the urinary 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. It is concluded that Soldactona® causes a decreased secretion of testosterone from the testes.
PLACENTAL TRANSFER OF 3H-OESTRIOL-3-SULPHATE-16-GLUCOSIDURONATE AND 3H-OESTRIOL-16-GLUCOSIDURONATE-14C
Authors: Goebelsmann U. , Roberts J. M. , Jaffe R. B. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four human placentas were perfused in situ at midpregnancy, two with biosynthetically prepared 3H-oestriol-16-glucosiduronate-14C (OE3-16Gl) and two with 3H-oestriol-3-sulphate-16-glucosiduronate (OE3-3S,16Gl). The radioactive material recovered from the placentas, perfusates and maternal urine was quantitated and identified. Only 0.8 to 3.7% of the labelled material administered was recovered from urine specimens; the bulk of the labelled material perfused was found in the extracts of placentas and perfusates.
The double-labelled material isolated from the three sources following perfusion with 3H-OE3-16Gl-14C was identified as OE3-16Gl. The 3H/14C ratios measured in these fractions were virtually identical with those of the tracers perfused.
Following perfusion with 3H-OE3-3S,16Gl, three-fourths of the 3H-labelled material recovered from the urine was identified as OE3-3S,16Gl and a small but significant portion of the tritiated material extracted from the placentas and perfusates was shown to be 3H-OE3-16Gl. No significant quantities of unconjugated labelled material could be detected in any of the four placental perfusions.
The data presented provide conclusive evidence that both OE3-16Gl and OE3-3S,16Gl are transferred across the placenta in situ without previous hydrolysis. The placenta in vivo is capable of converting some OE3-3S,16Gl to OE3-16Gl. The latter conjugate remains unhydrolysed.
THE AMYGDALA AND THE CONTROL OF GONADOTROPHIN SECRETION
Authors: Schiaffinin O. , Martini L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In adult male rats, the oxygen consumption of the amygdala is increased following castration and decreased following hypophysectomy. When both operations are performed in the same animal, the metabolic activity of the amygdala is as low as that found following hypophysectomy only. The stimulating effect of castration on amygdalar oxygen consumption can be reversed by administering in vivo, to castrated animals, adequate amounts of testosterone, though testosterone is completely ineffective if added in vitro to the incubation media containing amygdalar tissue taken from castrated animals. In vivo treatment of castrated hypophysectomized animals with LH and FSH increases the metabolic activity of the amygdala; moreover, the in vitro addition of FSH or of LH to amygdalar slices taken from normal animals is capable of increasing the oxygen consumption of this structure to levels similar to those found in the amygdala of castrated animals. None of the experimental manipulations used proved capable of modifying the oxygen consumption of the hippocampus or of the cerebral cortex.
MEASUREMENT OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN VARIOUS GROWTH HORMONE PREPARATIONS USING A MODIFIED TIBIA TEST
Authors: Baetzner P. , Fehm H. L. , Voigt K. H. , Schleyer M. , Pfeiffer E. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A simplified version of the tibia test in the hypophysectomized rat for the measurement of the biological activity of growth hormone is described. A rapid, simple and reliable stereotactic method for transauricular hypophysectomy which can be used in immature as well as in adult animals is applied and compared with other techniques.
A METHOD FOR EVALUATING AN EXPERIMENTAL ATHYREOSIS
Authors: Schimmelpfennig K. , Kaul A. , Haberland U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A micro-131I-test is presented which allows an easy separation of completely surgically thyroidectomised experimental animals from animals with aberrant or residual thyroid tissue.
The application of the method is easy and not time-consuming: the total time spent on one animal is approximately 3 min. The method is based on the principle that the 131I storage is measured over the cervical region.
The application of this method gives the following advantages:
When performing studies with proven athyroid rats it is not necessary subsequently to demonstrate athyreosis (histologically, BMR, or PBI). Time-consuming experiments with animals which are not definitely athyroid can be avoided. The additional fractionated radio-iodine resection after surgical thyroidectomy, used by many authors to destroy residual thyroid tissue, becomes superfluous. Such a procedure takes 4 to 8 weeks. The animals may be used after a 5-day-period. This excludes secondary changes like weight loss and disturbed development which have to be taken into consideration when using a radio-iodine resection.
THE ACUTE AND PROLONGED EFFECT OF PORCINE CALCITONIN ON URINE ELECTROLYTE EXCRETION IN INTACT AND PARATHYROIDECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Sørensen O. Helmer , Hindberg Inge 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of calcitonin on the urinary excretion of calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, and creatinine was studied in intact and parathyroidectomized (PTX) rats.
A single injection of porcine calcitonin was followed by a reduced excretion of calcium and magnesium and an increased excretion of potassium. A phosphaturic effect was observed only in the intact rats. The urinary changes did not depend upon impurities in the preparation used, since similar results were obtained with synthetic porcine calcitonin.
The urinary electrolyte excretion was also followed in rats given injections of porcine calcitonin every 3 hours, for 3 days. A marked calciuric effect of the hormone was seen in the intact rats, after a transitory decrease in the excretion of calcium at the start of the treatment. The hypercalciuria could hardly be explained by an increased parathyroid action, but rather by a direct effect of calcitonin on renal tubular function. The excretion of magnesium closely followed that of calcium in both intact and PTX rats. A marked phosphaturic and natriuretic effect of calcitonin was observed during prolonged treatment with the hormone. The changes in serum calcium were followed in intact rats treated in a similar way with repeated injections of calcitonin. A hypercalcaemic peak was seen, when the treatment was interrupted, indicating an increased parathyroid action.
PLASMA CONCENTRATION OF TESTOSTERONE, DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE, TESTOSTERONE-OESTRADIOL BINDING GLOBULIN, AND PITUITARY GONADOTROPHINS IN THE SYNDROME OF MALE PSEUDO-HERMAPHRODITISM WITH TESTICULAR FEMINIZATION
Authors: Tremblay Roland R. , Foley Thomas P. , Corvol Pierre , Park In-Joo , Kowarski Avinoam , Blizzard Robert M. , Jones Howard W. , Migeon Claude J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Twenty patients with the syndrome of testicular feminization have been studied along with a group of normal subjects of both sexes and of comparable ages. Peripheral and gonadal venous blood were analysed for their content in testosterone (T), androstenedione (Δ), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), testosterone-oestradiol binding globulin (TeBG), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Normal or even higher than normal male concentrations of T, Δ, and DHT were observed. An actual secretion of the three androgens by the testis was demonstrated. Elevated levels of serum LH were found despite normal male or higher levels of T, Δ, and DHT. High concentrations of TeBG presumably could alter the dynamics of plasma androgens. The gonadal production of DHT and the normal levels of DHT in peripheral plasma shows that 5α-reductase activity is definitely present in the patients.
CONTINUOUS MONITORING OF PLASMA FSH, LH, HCG AND PLACENTA LACTOGEN DURING HMG-INDUCED OVULATORY CYCLES AND SUBSEQUENT PREGNANCIES
Authors: Czygan P.-J. , Lehmann F. , Breckwoldt M. , Bettendorf G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
This study gives a description of the pattern of plasma FSH, LH/HCG, and HPL in four patients with sterility problems suffering from ovarian insufficiency. Plasma values were assayed daily during HMG- and HCG-treatment, in the luteal phase and in the first few weeks of subsequent pregnancy by the dioxane and propanol precipitation radioimmunoassays. From the data obtained the following conclusions may be drawn:
HMG-treatment induces no or only a slight increase in plasma LH as compared with normal follicular phases. A cumulative effect does not become evident, probably due to the short half-life of 21 minutes and 4 hours respectively. Injection of 10 000 to 15 000 IU HCG causes a marked increase in plasma level above 200 mU/ml and a subsequent depression in 4 to 5 days, corresponding to the long half-life of 5 and 23 hours respectively. During the five days before the rise in endogenous HCG/LH, values are in the same range or somewhat higher than during HMG-treatment and than in normal luteal phase. Between the 10th and 11th day after HCG injection a very sharp rise in endogenous HCG is observed, reaching 10 IU/ml within 15 to 20 days. FSH levels in the treatment period are augmented above the levels observed in normal follicular phases. Though there is no peak around the time of ovulation, a relative high FSH content can be noted. During the luteal phase FSH-values remain elevated and are higher than in normal cycles. Parallel to the rise in HCG, the FSH falls and is found to be very low during early pregnancy. In one patient with severe ovarian hyperstimulation the FSH concentration was different, with high levels in the first few weeks of pregnancy. Measurable HPL production was first detectable between day 28 and 32 after the ovulatory HCG peak. By the 10th week of gestation this hormone showed a constant increase. Possible explanations for the differences between the induced and physiological cycles are discussed.
THYROID FUNCTION IN THE PREMATURE AND THE FULL TERM NEWBORN
Authors: Lemarchand-Béraud Th. , Genazzani A. R. , Bagnoli F. , Casoli M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Total and free serum thyroxine, plasma thyrotrophin (TSH) levels and, in some cases, the binding capacity of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) were measured in normal and premature newborns.
In both groups, an acute release of TSH was observed in the first few hours of life, but this was prolonged over a period of 10 days in the premature newborns. The release of TSH induced, in both groups, an increase of total and free serum thyroxine (T4), reaching thyrotoxic levels. The TBG binding capacity, however, remains normal.
This thyroid hyperactivity at birth reveals an important reserve of TSH in the perinatal period and the great metabolic needs of the foetus on the first day of life.
MODIFICATIONS OF THYROID FUNCTION INDUCED BY CHRONIC ADMINISTRATION OF IODIDE IN THE PRESENCE OF »AUTONOMOUS« THYROID TISSUE
Authors: Ermans A. M. , Camus M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fourteen patients were studied before and during administration of a daily supplement of 0.5 mg of iodide over a period of 3 to 10 months. Only a slight increase in PBI was observed in three patients with a non-toxic goitre and in two myxoedematous patients under treatment.
The same supplements of iodine induced a marked rise in PBI in four euthyroid patients with a typical thyroid »hot« nodule. In the four cases, the PBI values reached the thyrotoxic range after only a few weeks. These elevated values were maintained throughout the period of iodine administration; data for the thyroxine content of the serum were strictly correlated with the PBI values. The T3-resin test measurements also gave values characteristic of hyperthyroidism. Later on, three of these patients developed definite symptoms of hyperthyroidism, although not until several months after the appearance of the biological picture.
Finally a definite increase in PBI was also observed, albeit to a lesser extent, in five thyrotoxic patients previously treated with radioiodide or with methimazole. A progressive fall in the PBI was found in four patients after iodine supplements were discontinued.
These observations indicate that chronic iodine supplementation leads to marked over-production of thyroid hormones in two pathological conditions characterized by the presence of autonomous thyroid tissue. It is concluded that, in the absence of an adequate feed-back control mechanism, the amount of dietary iodine may be one of the main regulatory factors involved in thyroid activity in human subjects.
MECHANISM OF THE HYPOCALCAEMIC ACTION OF PARENTERALLY ADMINISTERED MAGNESIUM
Authors: Nielsen S. Pors , Jørgensen F. Schønau 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Subcutaneous injection of 300 μmol magnesium raised the serum magnesium to 4.00 mmol/l after 30 min in 150 g male rats and reduced the serum calcium concentration by 0.17 mmol/l after 60 min. Magnesium also acutely diminished the serum concentration of 45Ca given three weeks previously. The administration of magnesium did not reduce the serum concentration of 45Ca and did not increase the rate of disappearance of 45Ca from the serum, when subcutaneous or intravenous labelling took place 180–210 min before the magnesium injection. The magnesium-induced hypocalcaemia therefore cannot be explained by an increased removal of calcium from the circulation. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the magnesium-induced hypocalcaemia is caused by the release of calcitonin.
Injections of 300 μmol magnesium chloride at 12 h intervals for 72 h trebled the 24 h renal excretion of both 40Ca and 45Ca given three weeks previously. The 24 h renal excretion of hydroxyproline was unaltered. Thus there was no indication that the intermittent magnesium injections produced any long-term inhibition of the turnover of bone matrix and bone mineral.
A SENSITIVE, PRECISE RADIOIMMUNOASSAY OF SERUM INSULIN RELYING ON CHARCOAL SEPARATION OF BOUND AND FREE HORMONE MOIETIES
Authors: Albano J. D. M. , Ekins R. P. , Maritz G. , Turner R. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A radioimmunoassay method for the measurement of plasma insulin is described relying on activated charcoal for the separation of free and bound fractions. The technique illustrates the application of theoretical precepts designed to maximise assay precision in all radioimmunoassay and other saturation assay techniques.
In addition, because particular emphasis has been placed on ensuring that, as far as is possible, all incubation mixtures are similar as possible other than in hormone concentration, non-specific effects appear to have been essentially eliminated. The technique yields a mean normal fasting value of 5.3μU/ml (range 2–14 μU/ml). Its sensitivity is such that 10 μl samples of serum (or plasma) may be assayed.