bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep Foundation Improvements: Design, Construction, and Testing
Authors: Esrig MI , Bachus RC 
Published: March 2009

Description
22 peer-reviewed papers focus on deep foundation improvements through the formation of composite ground, and those related to improvement through compaction and densification.
Areas covered include:
• Construction and analysis of composite ground
• Construction guidelines and specifications
• Case history presentations
• Introducing grout to the soil
• and Compaction and densification techniques.
For geotechnical engineers; ground improvement contractors; federal highway administration/departments of transportation; specificaion writers and anyone involved with the design or construction of stone columns.
Plants for Toxicity Assessment
Authors: Wang W , Gorsuch JW , Lower WR 
Published: March 2009

Description
The first publication to address all of the following in one volume: regulatory perspectives • comparative plant toxicology • plant xenobiotic bioaccumulation • effects of air pollution on plants • general phytotoxicity • and new plant bioassay approaches. STP 1091 describes many new approaches for plant bioassays, including those suitable for in aquatic and terrestrial environments.
Extending the Life of Bridges
Authors: Brown BC , Maupin GW , Lichtenstein AG 
Published: March 2009

Description
Practical, papers on how to increase the service life of the United States multi-billion dollar system of bridges. Presents a cross section of relevant and current issues related to bridge structures throughout the United States. Papers range from the establishment of a bridge ranking system, to detailing specific inspection techniques, to designing relatively new types of bridge decks.
Plants for Toxicity Assessment: Second Volume
Authors: Gorsuch JW , Lower WR , Lewis MA , Sandhu S , Wang WW 
Published: March 2009

Description
Addresses the use of plants to assess the toxicity of air, water, and soil both through laboratory/greenhouse and field studies. 35 papers cover:
• Regulatory Perspectives
• Applications of Plant Bioassays/Photosynthesis
• Xenobiotic Uptake by Plants
• General Phytotoxicology
• Biochemical and Genetic Applications
• New Approaches
Performance of Protective Clothing: Fourth Volume
Authors: McBriarty JP , Henry NW 
Published: March 2009

Description
80 peer-reviewed papers address these issues:
• Hazards and Methods (including aerosols, physical resistance, biological, chemical, pesticides, and thermal and heat)
• Field tests, New tests, Evaluations, Design, Physiological, Performance (including field tests, new and improved tests, evaluations, physiological, ergonomical, design, evaluation, and performance, decontamination)
• Programsand Assessments (including program, selection, assessments, business)
• International standards
Particulate Debris from Medical Implants: Mechanisms of Formation and Biological Consequences
Authors: St. John KR 
Published: March 2009

Description
One of the causes or results (or both) of medical implant failure is the release of particulate material debris from the device because of wear, physical deterioration, or chemical attack by the harsh physiological environment. STP 1144 examines tissue response to particles of implant material in order to identify factors, such as materials selection, surgical protocol, implant design, or postoperative prophylactic drug treatment, that might limit debris generation or moderate the tissue response.
19 peer-reviewed papers written by principal researchers in the field are divided into two sections: clinical experience with the generation of material debris from implants; and in vitro and in vivo models for the clinical situation and methods for generating and characterizing wear debris particles that may be used in laboratory models. For medical implant designers/orthopaedics, orthopaedic surgeons, medial libraries, and biomaterials researchers.
The Impact of U.S. Environmental Regulations on Fuel Quality
Authors: Dukek WG , Strauss KH 
Published: March 2009

Description
The United States has embarked on a unique experiment to improve the quality of air in its major urban areas by altering the composition of fuels for vehicles. This experiment involves close cooperation between government and industry to set air quality standards that will introduce both better fuels and vehicles in a timely and economical fashion. The consequences of these fuel changes will affect the petroleum and chemical industries for all energy products and are discussed. Learn how these factors--air pollution regulations, automobile design, fuel handling and the quality of reformulated gasoline and other fuels--are interrelated.
Biomaterials' Mechanical Properties
Authors: Kambic HE , Yokobori AT 
Published: March 2009

Description
Important to both biomaterials and biomechanical engineers are the philosophical and conceptual developments needed to standardize the mechanical test methods of biomaterials and tissue materials. This publication presents these issues within the context of: a review of test methods; an identification of new testing techniques; and the promotion of an interchange between manufacturers, basic scientists and clinicians. 24 peer-reviewed papers.
Effects of Radiation on Materials: Sixteenth International Symposium
Authors: Kumar AE , Gelles DS , Nanstad RK , Little TA 
Published: March 2009

Description
Comprehensive look at the latest research on how radiation effects metal and non-metal materials, with emphasis on fundamental mechanisms of damage and applications to nuclear systems.
Over 80 peer-review papers in 15 sections. The diversity of the selections cover a complete range of topics, including:
• The importance of research on radiation embrittlement as a predictor of safety margins
• General aspects of radiation damage
• Research covering reactor pressure vessels (RPV) steels and the various properties and microstructures
• Results of studies of ferritic and ferritic-martensitic steels
• Areas of research involving austentic alloys, copper and copper alloys, as well as alloys of zirconium, aluminum and vanadium
• Irradiation of nonmetallics, including one paper on fast reactor nuclear fuel.
Pesticide Formulations and Application Systems: 13th Volume
Authors: Berger PD , Devisetty BN , Hall FR 
Published: March 2009

Description
Covers a wide range of disciplines of interest to formulators, basic pesticide manufacturers, applicators, and suppliers to the agrochemical industry. 30 papers in sections of:
• Formulation Technology
• Spray Droplet Characteristics and Application Technology
• Controlled Release Technology
• Water Dispersible Granules.
Many of the papers relate to safer and more efficient uses of pesticides.
Cyclic Deformation, Fracture, and Nondestructive Evaluation of Advanced Materials: Second Volume
Authors: Mitchell MR , Buck O 
Published: March 2009

Description
Covers the implementation and use of engineered advanced metallic, ceramic, and polymeric materials and composites, and serves as a companion to volume to STP 1157. 21 peer-reviewed papers cover fatigue crack initiation, crack growth, and fracture toughness of advanced structural materials such as:
• Silicon nitride
• Special titanium alloys and steels
• Particle-reinforced aluminum alloys
• Cobalt-based alloys
• Thermoplastics
• Graphite-epoxy composites.
Other topics include:
• Effects of crack closure as well as crack bridging on fatigue crack growth
• Complex multiaxial cyclic deformation and creep behavior
• Effects of thermal fatigue on coatings and their optical properties
• Applications of fatigue and fracture properties of high-strength, high-conductivity alloys, useful to the electric power industry.
Nondestructive evaluation of advanced materials that may have manufacturing defects and/or have experienced in-service damage, and the popular acoustic-ultrasonic technique are also discussed.
Engine Coolant Testing: Third Volume
Authors: Beal RE 
Published: March 2009

Description
Covers advances in the development, testing, and application of engine cooling fluids for automobiles and heavy duty engines. Includes:
• A brief history of ethylene glycol engine coolant
• New families of engine coolant that operate in a medium pH range
• Historical overview of cavitation corrosion in diesel cylinder liners
• History of supplemental coolant additives used in heavy duty diesel engines and a new family of phosphate molybdate packages that are designed to perform better with aluminum components
• Toxicity and disposal of engine coolants
• Pump seal failure--causes and solutions
• Recycling processes
• Automotive and heavy duty vehicles technologies.
Application of Accelerated Corrosion Tests to Service Life Prediction of Materials
Authors: Cragnolino G , Sridhar N 
Published: March 2009

Description
Discusses a variety of approaches to life prediction (across a full range of industries and applications); accuracy of prediction techniques versus actual performance; and the appropriateness of various accelerated corrosion tests to life prediction. 23 peer-reviewed papers cover laboratory and field analysis techniques in various applications, and experimental techniques.
Fractography of Modern Engineering Materials: Composites and Metals, Second Volume
Authors: Masters JE , Gilbertson LN 
Published: March 2009

Description
In 3 sections:
• Unique Fractography Techniques
• Metallic Materials
• and Polymeric and Composite Materials.
Case studies also cover a wide range, including failure investigations of an antenna used in deep space exploration and chemical storage tanks. Papers range from theoretical to applied.
Slow Strain Rate Testing for the Evaluation of Environmentally Induced Cracking: Research and Engineering Applications
Authors: Kane RD 
Published: March 2009

Description
Highlights some of the new directions in testing for environmentally induced cracking using a variety of slow strain rate techniques.
19 papers written by researchers from industry, government agencies, and universities worldwide address:
• Development and application of slow strain rate testing techniques
• Uses of slow strain rate SCC testing to control or monitor industrial processes: applications in nuclear power
• Research applications and developments in slow strain rate testing techniques
• Industrial applications of slow strain rate testing to evaluate the environmentally induced cracking
• Use of slow strain rate testing for qualification of SCC resistance of corrosion resistant alloys: case histories in petroleum production.
Papers describe both fundamental research studies and more practical applications
Petrography of Cementitious Materials
Authors: DeHayes SM , Stark D 
Published: March 2009

Description
Focuses on cementitious materials in Portland cement concrete and describes state-of-the-art microscopic techniques for characterizing cementitious materials and hardened concrete. 9 peer-reviewed paper demonstrate the wide ranging potential of petrography as a tool in investigation of cement and concrete properties and performance. Fully illustrated; color photographs throughout.
Composites Bonding
Authors: Damico DJ , Wilkinson TL , Niks SLF 
Published: March 2009

Description
Provides significant insight into the latest developments on bonding composites to themselves and other polymeric and inorganic surfaces. This information, published for the first time in this format, will give you an international perspective on composites used in the aerospace, automotive, and recreational marine industries, among others. Topics include:
• Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Surface Preparations
• Effective Surface Preparation on Adhesives and Adhesive Durability
• Chemical and Physical Surface Characterization
• Joint Design
• Bond Performance Under Environmental and Physical Stress
• Analysis of Bond Failures
• Adhesive Application
• Use in the Manufacturing Environment
Head and Neck Injuries in Sports
Authors: Hoerner EF 
Published: March 2009

Description
Promotes safety and the decrease of risk factors through better equipment, facilities, and knowledge of the mechanism of injury. Experts of various disciplines present their research, clinical experiences, data collections, and the application of their accumulated experiences and knowledge. 27 peer-reviewed papers on epidemiology; risk factors; mechanism of injury; and protective equipment applications. Covers a broad spectrum of sporting activities including ice hockey, football, baseball, swimming and diving, equestrian, soccer, gymnastics. Playing facilities, playing, and protective equipment are also addressed.
Matrix-Dominated Stress/Strain Behavior in Polymeric Composites: Effects of Hold Time, Nonlinearity, and Rate Dependency
Authors: Gates TS 
Published: March 2009

In order to help understand matrix-dominated behavior in laminated polymer matrix composites, an elastic/viscoplastic constitutive model was developed and used to predict stress/strain behavior of both off-axis and angle-ply symmetric laminates under in-plane, isothermal, axial tensile loading.
The model was validated for short duration tests on graphite-reinforced thermoplastic and bismaleimide composites at elevated temperatures. It accurately accounted for short-term stress relaxation and short-term creep, strain rate sensitivity, and material nonlinearity. For long-term behavior, the short-term testing times were extended by approximately 20 times. Periods of creep and stress relaxation were used to investigate the ability of the model to account for the extended time behavior. The model generally underestimated the total change in strain and stress for both the extended creep and extended relaxation, respectively.
Corrosion Resistance of Several Conductive Caulks and Sealants from Marine Field Tests and Laboratory Studies with Marine, Mixed Communities Containing Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria (SRB)
Authors: Jones-Meehan J , Vasanth KL , Conrad RK , Fernandez M , Little BJ , Ray RI 
Published: March 2009

Due to seawater intrusion and moisture accumulation, corrosion of antenna foundations/ship's super-structure has been observed and was attributed to galvanic corrosion of the aluminum with the silver-based conductive caulk used for electromagnetic interference/ electromagnetic pulse (EMI/EMP) conductivity between the antennas and the ship's super structure. Several conductive caulks and sealants were field tested and evaluated to determine if the environment would degrade their performance, for the prevention of seawater intrusion, and to prevent potential failures due to corrosion. A nickel-based conductive caulk with a corrosion inhibitor (PRC 1764) performed well in all of the field tests over a period of 15 months. Because of the excellent corrosion resistance, adequate EMI/EMP and shielding characteristics, the nickel-loaded caulk with a corrosion inhibitor has been recommended for antenna applications. Among the sealants, GE RTV 157, GE RTV 167 and Product Research Corporation ProSeal 870 polysulfide performed well. GE RTV 157 is already in use for topside applications and its use is being continued.
Three conductive caulks (PRC 1764, PI 8500, PI 8505) were applied to 4140 steel coupons. Caulked coupons were exposed to five mixed, microbial cultures in the laboratory for 15 months. At the end of the exposure period, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) analyses were used to demonstrate that bacteria including sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) were found under the conductive caulks. In laboratory testing, there was water and bacterial intrusion which resulted in corrosion of the steel under the conductive caulk. The laboratory caulked samples were not covered with a sealant such as RTV as described previously for the field test samples.
The Incidence, Types, and Circumstances of Injuries to Ice Hockey Players at the Bantam Level (14 to 15 Years Old)
Authors: Bernard D , Trudel P , Marcotte G , Boileau R 
Published: March 2009

The objective of this investigation was to determine the incidence, types, and circumstances of injuries that occurred during the 1987/1988 and 1988/1989 hockey seasons. Five hockey leagues, three in the Québec region and two in the Outaouais region, were studied, and over 300 games were observed. Phase 1 consisted of establishing anthropometric (height and weight) and biomechanical (force of impact and maximal skating speed) profiles for each player. Phase 2 consisted of recording the circumstances surrounding each injury. This was accomplished through observers at games as well as through interviews with players after games or, in case of injuries requiring medical intervention in hospitals, through follow-up telephone conversations with seriously injured players. In all cases, information regarding diagnosis, causes, and circumstances surrounding the injuries was recorded on a recording form.
Important variations were found in the height and weight of players, with differences in range reaching 41 cm (16.4 in.) and 47.7 kg (105 lb), respectively. A 357% difference in the force of impact during body checking between the weakest and the strongest player was also observed. In terms of injuries, body checking caused 46.2% of all minor injuries, whereas the stick was responsible for 21%. Contusions were the most frequent type of injuries, whereas major injuries consisted of fractures and sprains. Body checking was identified as the cause of 75% of all major physical trauma recorded during both seasons. Coaches appeared not to be aware of most minor physical impairments of their players.
Fatigue Strength Reduction Imposed by Porosity in a Fiberglass Composite
Authors: Dill CW , Tipton SM , Glaessgen EH , Branscum KD 
Published: March 2009

Porosity, defined as voids in the matrix material, is a recurring anomaly in fiberglass and more advanced composite laminates. Although a variety of dependable nondestructive testing (NDT) methods are available for detecting porosity, reliable analytical techniques for assessing the fatigue strength reduction imposed by porosity are not currently available. Instead, manufacturers and analysts have historically relied on simple “rule of thumb” strength reduction factors based on monotonic tension tests, a typical reduction being 20%.
With an increasing emphasis on the effects of age and fatigue on high time aircraft, the question arises as to the adequacy of static strength tests alone to assess the effects of porosity. This paper discusses the results of a testing program in which porous and nonporous [0,90]s fiberglass specimens are cycled in zero to maximum (R = 0) loading over life ranges from a few hundred to a few million cycles. The degree of porosity is estimated from visual examination of the edges of each specimen. Flat specimens approximately 2.8 mm thick were prepared by laser cutting with the edges then sanded to remove the heat-affected region. For comparison, several specimens were also milled using a template. Results of the tests are presented in terms of maximum stress versus number of cycles to complete separation. The data indicate that fatigue strength reduction can be significantly greater than 20% for lower fatigue lives and close to 20% at lives of a few million cycles. If the voids are assumed to constitute stress concentration factors that accelerate the breakdown of the matrix material, then a fatigue strength reduction factor of about 1.5 to 1.2 may be inferred from the data. This compares favorably with the results of a finite element analysis on a typical internal void.
Extended Laboratory Testing for Two Structural Glazing Silicone Sealants
Authors: O'Connor TF , Panek JR 
Published: March 2009

The owner of an eighty story building was concerned that insufficient extended laboratory durability testing information was available for two silicone structural glazing sealants proposed for use on the new building curtain wall. A two phase laboratory testing program was conducted to resolve these concerns.
Phase I involved testing for durometer and weight loss after extended heat aging by ASTM C661 and C792, cyclic movement after extended exposure in a weatherometer by ASTM C719, and adhesion-in-peel after extended water immersion by ASTM C794. Also, the pull-off strength of the organic coating, that the structural sealants were adhered to, was tested by ASTM D4541. Phase II used glazed components of the curtain wall for mock-up testing to destruction, to determine the ultimate strength of the structural silicone sealant joint by ASTM E330.
Phase I testing indicated that the extended laboratory exposures did not result in any detrimental changes to the properties of the sealants. Also, the pull-off strength of the organic coating exceeded the strength of the structural sealants. Phase II testing indicated that the ultimate strengths of the structural sealants exceeded manufacturer's published strengths.
New Tests for Adhesion of Silicone Sealants
Authors: Gutowski VS , Russell L , Cerra A 
Published: March 2009

It has been widely accepted that the ASTM C-794 peel test is suitable for determining adhesion between the sealants and substrates used in curtain wall construction. However, it is shown in this paper that this test has certain deficiencies which may allow the acceptance of some materials which in fact have poor initial adhesion and long-term durability.
The influence of the specimen's geometry, sealant type, sealant thickness, cross-head speed (test rate), etc, on the resultant failure mode and quantitative results are discussed in detail.
Finally, two novel adhesion tests are proposed and discussed, i.e.: (a) ‘thin’ peel specimen test (b) ‘thin’ lap-shear specimen test.
Comparative results, obtained using a range of common commercially available sealants, show that the proposed tests have significant advantages over the accepted ASTM C-794 test as well as the DIN 52455 and ISO/DIS 9047 tests.
The Influence of Gloss Level in Polyester-Powder Coatings on the Adhesion of Silicone Sealants
Authors: Gutowski VWS , Cerra A , Russell L 
Published: March 2009

It has been frequently observed that the strength of adhesion between silicone sealants and polymer-coated substrates depends on the coating's gloss level.
The study described in this paper reveals that there seems to be a relationship between the gloss and the coating's surface properties as determined by the non-dispersive, γn-d, component of the total surface energy. It is shown that gloss increase is associated with an increase in the substrate γn-d. The exact pattern of this relationship cannot yet be established due to the narrow range of experimental data. Experiments carried out with several commercially available silicone sealants show that the higher the coating's gloss level, the stronger the adhesive bond between the sealant and the substrate. This finding is shown to be consistent with the earlier proposed mechanism of adhesion, according to which an increase in the value of the non-dispersive component of the substrate total surface energy leads to increased bond strength to the point where adhesive forces become stronger than the cohesive strength of the bulk sealant.
Fraction of the Global Normal Irradiance Incident from the Northern Part of a Clear Sky
Authors: Pernisz UC , Klosowski JM 
Published: March 2009

The luminous flux received from a clear blue sky at the north side of a building was determined relative to the global normal illuminance with a commercial photometer using a hemispherical diffusor. Measurements with narrow band interference filters were also made to obtain information on the ratio of these quantities in the violet and blue parts of the visible spectrum. It was found that the blue sky provides 6.3% of direct sunlight at a wavelength of 370 nm. In comparison, a value of 4.7% was found for the luminous flux (not spectrally resolved).
It is concluded that materials which degrade principally by absorption of UV light will last approximately 15 times longer on the north side of a building than when fully deployed on a southern exposure.