bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Randomized clinical trial of efficacy of self‐monitoring techniques to treat urinary incontinence in women
Authors: Kincade Jean E. , Dougherty Molly C. , Carlson John R. , Hunter Georgia S. , Busby‐Whitehead Jan 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAimTo assess the efficacy of self‐monitoring techniques to reduce urine loss and increase quality of life for women with urinary incontinence.MethodsThe design was a two arm, randomized, clinical trial with a wait list control group and 3‐week intervention. Participants were 224 community‐dwelling women 18 and older with UI. Self‐monitoring was individualized counseling about fluid and caffeine intake, quick pelvic floor muscle contraction, voiding frequency, and management of constipation. The primary outcome measure was grams of urine loss. Secondary outcomes included episodes of urine loss, quality of life, and caffeine and fluid consumption.ResultsThe main effect of self‐monitoring on grams of urine loss was significant. After adjusting for baseline urine loss, time in the intervention or in wait list group, age, hormone status, and race the self‐ monitoring group lost an average of 13.3 g less urine and had improved 26.1 points in quality of life compared to the wait list group. The effect of self‐monitoring on episodes of urine loss was not significant in the total sample but was more effective for women who had 9 or more episodes of urine loss, were 65 years or older, and were premenopausal or taking hormone replacement therapy. Participants in the self‐monitoring group reduced their caffeine intake, but did not increase their fluid intake compared to the wait list control group.ConclusionsSince self‐monitoring techniques are simple, safe, inexpensive, and within the scope of practice for most health professionals, they should be considered as first steps to treat women with UI. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:507–511, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The use of craft activities as an occupational therapy treatment modality in Norway during 1952–1960
Authors: Horghagen Sissel , Josephsson Staffan , Alsaker Sissel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to explore the use of craft activities as occupational therapy treatment modalities in Norway during the period 1952–1960. Data were obtained through in‐depth interviews with six retired occupational therapists on their experiences in using crafts. Data were analysed through textual analysis and this resulted in four themes: craft activities identified as a therapeutic tool; ambivalence in how to frame the intervention; practice relative to power relationships; and occupational therapists and patients as equals. A limitation of the present study was that participants drew on their screened memories in the context of contemporary practice, which may omit or distort the historical truth. Further research is needed to document the effect of contemporary therapeutic use of craft activities, and to bring forward how occupational therapists and clients value the craft activities of today in the context of their lives. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd.
Relationships: the key to effective occupational therapy practice with urban Australian Indigenous children
Authors: Nelson Alison , Allison Heather 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of this exploratory study was to investigate what constitutes a socially and culturally appropriate occupational therapy service for urban Indigenous Australian families in Brisbane, Queensland. A qualitative methodology was used with data collected in two distinct parts. Part 1 comprised interviews and focus groups with 25 stakeholders in a newly established occupational therapy service for Indigenous children. Part 2 consisted of semi‐structured questionnaires completed by 50 occupational therapists in Queensland. Results revealed guidelines for developing culturally relevant practice around 5 main themes. These were the need to: 1. develop effective relationships, 2. develop particular personal qualities, 3. understand the background of both the client and the therapist, 4. both gain and give knowledge, and 5. address logistical issues of service delivery. This study was limited to an evaluation of one service and included only teachers, parents and health service personnel. These practice guidelines could be applied to other settings with other Indigenous children, and their effectiveness evaluated from the perspectives of Indigenous children. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nutrient mixture including vitamin C, L‐lysine, L‐proline, and epigallocatechin is ineffective against tumor growth and metastasis in a syngeneic neuroblastoma model
Authors: Lode Holger N. , Huebener Nicole , Strandsby Anne , Gaedicke Gerhard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground:The replacement of established evidence‐based cancer therapy protocols (mainstream therapy) by unevaluated complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a challenge in pediatric oncology. We tested the hypothesis that oral application of L‐lysine and ascorbic acid (Lysin C Drink®) in combination with epigallocatechin‐gallate (EGCG) and amino‐acids (Epican forte®) is effective in a preclinical model of neuroblastoma.Methods:Primary tumors and spontaneous metastases were induced in A/J mice by injection of NXS2 neuroblastoma cells. Mice were treated by daily oral gavage with L‐lysine and ascorbic acid (Lysin C Drink®) (equivalent to 150 mg ascorbic acid/day/mouse) (treatment A) or with EGCG plus ascorbic‐ and amino‐acids (Epican forte®) (9.2 mg/mouse) (treatment B). Treatment A was started in the prophylactic setting (7 days before tumor cell injection) as well as in the therapeutic setting (1 day after tumor cell inoculation). Finally, treatment B was evaluated alone and in combination with treatment A in the therapeutic setting. The effect on primary tumor growth and the development of spontaneous liver metastases was evaluated.Results:L‐lysine and ascorbic acid (Lysin C Drink®) and EGCG plus ascorbic‐ and amino‐acids (Epican forte®) are ineffective in reduction of primary tumor growth and prevention of spontaneous liver metastases in this model.Conclusions:Neither a formal clinical development nor the use of these substances can be recommended for neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:284–288. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Carotid cavernous fistula in CNS choriocarcinoma
Authors: Lawton Cynthia Tallent , Deveikis John , Rumboldt Zoran , Tuite Gerald , Cavalier MaryEllen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCarotid artery‐cavernous sinus fistulas (CCFs) are infrequently reported in the pediatric population, and are rarely reported in conjunction with CNS neoplasms. The authors present a 7‐year‐old girl with CNS choriocarcinoma who acutely developed left eye proptosis and conjunctival injection. Computed tomography angiography revealed a CCF, which was endovascularly embolized with detachable coils. There may be a direct cause‐and‐effect relationship between choriocarcinoma and development of CCFs. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:893–895. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Early hospital discharge versus continued hospitalization in febrile pediatric cancer patients with prolonged neutropenia: A randomized, prospective study
Authors: Ahmed Nabil , El‐Mahallawy Hadir A. , Ahmed Ibrahim A. , Nassif Shimaa , El‐Beshlawy Aamal , El‐Haddad Alaa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackgroundHospitalization with single or multi‐agent antibiotic therapy has been the standard of care for treatment of febrile neutropenia in cancer patients. We hypothesized that an empiric antibiotic regimen that is effective and that can be administered once‐daily will allow for improved hospital utilization by early transition to outpatient care.ProcedureFebrile pediatric cancer patients with anticipated prolonged neutropenia were randomized between a regimen of once‐daily ceftriaxone plus amikacin (C + A) and imipenem monotherapy (control). Afebrile patients on C + A satisfying “Early Discharge Criteria” at 72 hr continued treatment as outpatients. We compared the outcome, adverse events, duration of hospitalization, and cost between both groups.ResultsA prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 129 febrile episodes in pediatric cancer patients with prolonged neutropenia. No adverse events were seen in 32 children (84% of study arm) treated on an outpatient basis. We found a statistically significant difference between the duration of hospitalization of the C + A group [median 5 days] and control [median 9 days](P < 0.001), per episode antibiotic cost (P < 0.001) and total episode cost (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference in the response to treatment at 72 hr or after necessary antimicrobial modifications.ConclusionsWe conclude that pediatric febrile cancer patients initially considered at risk for sepsis due to prolonged neutropenia can be re‐evaluated at 72 hr for outpatient therapy. The convenience, low incidence of adverse effects, and cost benefit of the once‐daily regimen of C + A may be particularly useful to reduce the overall treatment costs and duration of hospitalization. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:786–792. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of packing pressure on fiber orientation in injection molding of fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics
Authors: Shokri Parvin , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInjection molding of fiber‐reinforced polymeric composites is increasing with demands of geometrically complex products possessing superior mechanical properties of high specific strength, high specific stiffness, and high impact resistance. Complex state of fiber orientation exists in injection molding of short fiber reinforced polymers. The orientation of fibers vary significantly across the thickness of injection‐molded part and can become a key feature of the finished product. Improving the mechanical properties of molded parts by managing the orientation of fibers during the process of injection molding is the basic motivation of this study. As a first step in this direction, the present results reveal the importance of packing pressure in orienting the fibers. In this study, the effects of pressure distribution and viscosity of a compressible polymeric composite melt on the state of fiber orientation after complete filling of a cavity is considered experimentally and compared with the simulation results of Moldflow analysis. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:214–223, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Compressive behavior of biaxial spacer weft knitted fabric reinforced composite at various strain rates
Authors: Liu Wenjian , Sun Baozhong , Hu Hong , Gu Bohong 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe in‐plane and out‐of‐plane compressive properties of biaxial weft knitted E‐glass fabric reinforced vinyl ester composite at quasi‐static strain rate of 0.001/s and high strain rates from 700/s to 2200/s were tested to investigate the strain rate effect on the compressive behavior. The compressive tests were conducted on split Hopkinson pressure bar at high strain rate and on MTS 810.23 system at quasi‐static state. The experimental results indicated the strain rate sensitivity of compressive stiffness, failure stress, and strain of the composite in both out‐of‐plane and in‐plane compressive direction. The compressive stiffness and failure stress linearly increased with the increase of strain rate. The failure strain linearly decreased with the increase of strain rate. As the strain rate increased, the main failure mode at out‐of‐plane compression is the interlaminar shear failure and at in‐plane direction is the delamination. At the high strain rate of 2200/s, the composite coupon was compressed into debris with the shear or delamination failure. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:224–232, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Reactive extrusion of poly(ethylene terephthalate)–(ethylene/methyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate)–organoclay nanocomposites
Authors: Alyamac Elif , Yilmazer Ulku 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of component concentrations and addition order of the components on the final properties of ternary nanocomposites composed of poly(ethylene terephthalate), organoclay, and an ethylene–methyl acrylate–glycidyl methacrylate (E‐MA‐GMA) terpolymer acting as an impact modifier for PET. In this context, first, the optimum amount of the impact modifier was determined by melt compounding binary PET‐terpolymer blends in a corotating twin‐screw extruder. The amount of the impact modifier (5 wt%) resulting in the highest Young's modulus and moderate elongation at break was selected owing to its balanced mechanical properties. Thereafter, by using 5 wt% terpolymer content, the effects of organically modified clay concentration and addition order of the components on the properties of ternary nanocomposites were systematically investigated. Mechanical testing revealed that different addition orders of the materials significantly affected the mechanical properties. Among the investigated addition orders, the best sequence of component addition (PI‐C) was the one in which poly(ethylene terephthalate) was first compounded with E‐MA‐GMA. Later, this mixture was compounded with the organoclay in the subsequent run. In X‐ray diffraction analysis, extensive layer separation associated with delamination of the original clay structure occurred in PI‐C and CI‐P (Clay + Impact Modifier followed by PET) sequences with both 1 and 3 wt% clay contents. X‐ray diffraction patterns showed that at these conditions exfoliated structures resulted as indicated by the disappearance of any peaks due to the diffraction within the consecutive clay layers. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:251–258, 2007. © Society of Plastic Engineers
Mechanical properties of injection molded long fiber polypropylene composites, Part 1: Tensile and flexural properties
Authors: Kumar K. Senthil , Ghosh Anup K. , Bhatnagar Naresh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInnovative polymers and composites are broadening the range of applications and commercial production of thermoplastics. Long fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics have received much attention due to their processability by conventional technologies. This study describes the development of long fiber reinforced polypropylene (LFPP) composites and the effect of fiber length and compatibilizer content on their mechanical properties. LFPP pellets of different sizes were prepared by extrusion process using a specially designed radial impregnation die and these pellets were injection molded to develop LFPP composites. Maleic‐anhydride grafted polypropylene (MA‐g‐PP) was chosen as a compatibilizer and its content was optimized by determining the interfacial properties through fiber pullout test. Critical fiber length was calculated using interfacial shear strength. Fiber length distributions were analyzed using profile projector and image analyzer software system. Fiber aspect ratio of more than 100 was achieved after injection molding. The results of the tensile and flexural properties of injection molded long glass fiber reinforced polypropylene with a glass fiber volume fraction of 0.18 are presented. It was found that the differences in pellet sizes improve the mechanical properties by 3–8%. Efforts are made to theoretically predict the tensile strength and modulus using the Kelly‐Tyson and Halpin‐Tsai model, respectively. POLYM. COMPOS., 28:259–266, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastic Engineers
Development of UHMWPE modified PP/PET blends and their mechanical and abrasive wear behavior
Authors: Chand Navin , Naik A. M. , Khaira H. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this study, polypropylene and polyethylene terephthalate blend were modified by incorporating different percentages of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) ranging from 1 to 5 phr. Modified blends were prepared by melt mixing the PP/PET blend and UHMWPE. Ultimate tensile strength of UHMWPE filled blend was determined at 10, 20, 50, and 100 mm/min cross head speeds of testing. It was found that increase of cross head speed from 10 to 100 mm/min increases the tensile strength of PP/PET/UHMWPE blends. Maximum ultimate tensile strength is exhibited by the blend containing 2 phr UHMWPE. Breaking strain of the UHMWPE modified and unmodified PP/PET blend increased with the increase of cross head speed due to the highly entangled chain structure of UHMWPE. Shore A hardness of the filled blends also increased from 341 to 356, which is highest for 2 phr UHMWPE. High stress abrasive wear of UHMWPE modified blend was determined by using Suga abrasion tester, model NUS‐1 Japan. Wear rate of the PP/PET(90/10) blends having 1, 2, and 5 phr of UHMWPE was determined at different loads such as 1, 3, 5, and 7 N and sliding distances from 6.4 m to 25.6 m. Wear rate values show that UHMWPE has prominent effect on abrasive wear of PP/PET blends. Addition of 2 and 5 phr UHMWPE improved the wear resistance of PP/PET blends at different loads, which has been explained on the basis of improved bonding as compared with pure PP/PET blend and increased hardness. Maximum abrasive wear rate reduction was achieved by adding 2 phr UHMWPE in PP/PET(90/10) blend. POLYM. COMPOS. 28:267–272, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Discovering robust protein biomarkers for disease from relative expression reversals in 2‐D DIGE data.
Authors: Anderson Troy J. , Tchernyshyov Irina , Diez Roberto , Cole Robert N. , Geman Donald , Dang Chi V. , Winslow Raimond L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study assesses the ability of a novel family of machine learning algorithms to identify changes in relative protein expression levels, measured using 2‐D DIGE data, which support accurate class prediction. The analysis was done using a training set of 36 total cellular lysates comprised of six normal and three cancer biological replicates (the remaining are technical replicates) and a validation set of four normal and two cancer samples. Protein samples were separated by 2‐D DIGE and expression was quantified using DeCyder‐2D Differential Analysis Software. The relative expression reversal (RER) classifier correctly classified 9/9 training biological samples (p<0.022) as estimated using a modified version of leave one out cross validation and 6/6 validation samples. The classification rule involved comparison of expression levels for a single pair of protein spots, tropomyosin isoforms and α‐enolase, both of which have prior association as potential biomarkers in cancer. The data was also analyzed using algorithms similar to those found in the extended data analysis package of DeCyder software. We propose that by accounting for sources of within‐ and between‐gel variation, RER classifiers applied to 2‐D DIGE data provide a useful approach for identifying biomarkers that discriminate among protein samples of interest.
From the genome sequence to the proteome and back: Evaluation of E. coli genome annotation with a 2‐D gel‐based proteomics approach
Authors: Maillet Isabelle , Berndt Peter , Malo Céline , Rodriguez Sabrina , Brunisholz René A. , Pragai Zoltan , Arnold Sabine , Langen Hanno , Wyss Markus 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe ambition of systems biology to understand complex biological systems at the molecular level implies that we need to have a concrete and correct understanding of each molecular entity and its function. However, even for the best‐studied organism, Escherichia coli, a large number of proteins have never been identified and characterised from wild‐type cells, and/or await unravelling of their biological role. Instead, the ORF models for these proteins have been predicted by suitable algorithms and/or through comparison with known, homologous proteins from other organisms, approaches which may be prone to error. In the present study, we used a combination of 2‐DE, MALDI‐TOF‐MS and PMF to identify 1151 different proteins in E. coli K12 JM109. Comparison of the experimental with the theoretical Mr and pI values (4000 experimental values each) allowed the identification of numerous proteins with incorrect or incomplete ORF annotations in the current E. coli genome databases. Several inconsistencies in genome annotation were verified experimentally, and up to 55 candidates await further investigation. Our findings demonstrate how an up‐to‐date 2‐D gel‐based proteomics approach can be used for improving the annotation of prokaryotic genomes. They also highlight the need for harmonization among the different E. coli genome databases.
The primary structure of a low‐Mr multiphosphorylated variant of β‐casein in equine milk
Authors: Miclo Laurent , Girardet Jean‐Michel , Egito Antonio S. , Mollé Daniel , Martin Patrice , Gaillard Jean‐Luc 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHighly phosphorylated casein with a low molecular mass was isolated from Haflinger mare's milk by RP‐HPLC. It accounts for 4.0% of the casein content. Its mass was determined by LC‐ESI‐MS before and after treatment by alkaline phosphatase. The molecular mass found for the apo‐form (10 591 ± 2 Da) is in agreement with its primary structure, which was established by ESI‐MS/MS from tryptic peptides. It appeared that this short protein (94 amino acid residues) is an internally truncated form of the full‐length equine β‐casein (226 residues). This low‐Mr variant of equine β‐casein displays a large deletion (residues 50–181), due to a cryptic splice site usage occurring within exon 7 during the course of primary transcripts processing. The phosphorylation pattern of this equine β‐casein variant was investigated by LC‐ESI‐MS and 2‐DE. Seven phosphorylation forms were identified with one to seven phosphate groups with pIs ranging between 4.67 and 4.01. The major isoforms carry five and six phosphate groups.
Comprehensive yeast proteome analysis using a capillary isoelectric focusing‐based multidimensional separation platform coupled with ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Wang Weijie , Guo Tong , Song Tao , Lee Cheng S. , Balgley Brian M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAs demonstrated in this study, a CIEF‐based multidimensional separation platform not only is compatible with the detergent‐based membrane protein preparation protocol, but also achieves both the largest yeast membrane proteome coverage and the most comprehensive analysis of the yeast proteome to date. By using a 1% false discovery rate for total peptide identifications, a total of 2513 distinct yeast proteins are identified from the SDS‐solubilized fraction with an average of 5.4 peptides leading to each protein identification. Among proteins identified from the SDS‐solubilized fraction, 407 proteins are predicted to contain at least two or more transmembrane domains using TMHMM (www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/TMHMM‐2.0/), corresponding to 46% yeast membrane proteome coverage. Only four additional membrane proteins are identified in the soluble and urea‐solubilized fractions, affirming the utility of SDS extraction for enriching the membrane proteome. By combining proteome results obtained from the soluble, urea‐solubilized, and SDS‐solubilized fractions, a single yeast proteome analysis yields the identification of 3632 distinct yeast proteins, corresponding to 55% theoretical yeast proteome coverage or 70% of proteins predicted to be expressed during log‐phase growth in rich media.