bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
On chromium direct ETAAS determination in serum and urine
Authors: Todorovska Nadica , Karadjova Irina , Arpadjan Sonja , Stafilov Trajce 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple, accurate and reliable method for direct electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometric (ETAAS) determination of chromium in serum and urine samples without any preliminary sample pretreatment is described. Instrumental parameters are optimized in order to define: the most suitable atomizer, optimal temperature program and efficient modifier. An appropriate quantification method is proposed taking into account a matrix interference study. Pyrocoated graphite tubes and wall atomization, pretreatment temperature of 700 °C, atomization temperature of 2600 °C, hydrogen peroxide as modifier and standard addition calibration are recommended. The accuracy of the method proposed for Cr determination in serum and urine was confirmed by comparative analysis of parallel samples after wet or dry ashing as well as by the analysis of two certified reference materials: Serum, Clin Rep 1 and Lypochek Urine, level 1. The detection and determination limits achieved for both matrices are 0.08 µg/L and 0.15 µg/L respectively. The relative standard deviation varied between 15 and 18 % for the chromium content in the samples in the range 0.08–0.2 µg/L and between 4 and 7 % for the chromium content in the range 0.2–2.0 µg/L for both matrices.
Study of flocculation with PONILIT GT-2 anionic polyelectrolyte applied into a chemical wastewater treatment
Authors: Zaharia Carmen , Diaconescu Rodica , Surpăţeanu Mioara 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper discusses the applications of synthetic PONILIT GT-2 anionic polyelectrolyte in conjuction with ferric sulfate in a chemical wastewater treatment viz. wastewater from ceramics manufacturing. Synthetic wastewaters with different colloid concentrations were prepared and the coagulation-flocculation process followed by sedimentation and/or filtration was studied. Variables associated with the chemical wastewater composition, mixing time, and the coagulant and flocculant dose are considered in order to appreciate the process efficiency in terms of turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and color removal. The degrees are higher for turbidity and color (&gt; 80 %) removal respectively, and, satisfactory for COD (3 type, considering ferric sulfate dose, polyelectrolyte dose, and mixing time as independent variables, while the turbidity and color removal efficiencies were chosen as optimization criteria. The empirical model was found adequate for the chemical wastewater treatment. Also, an analysis of the model was performed to find the optimal operating conditions, in order to apply this process for an efficient chemical wastewater treatment using ferric sulfate as coagulation agent and PONILIT GT-2 anionic polyelectrolyte as flocculation agent. The optimal values correspond to a ferric ions concentration of 6.093 mg/L, a polyelectrolyte dose of 0.651 mg/L, and a mixing time of 24.024 minutes for turbidity removal (95.869 %), respectively, and, to a ferric ions concentration of 6.01 mg/L, a polyelectrolyte dose of 0.69 mg/L, and a mixing time of 26 minutes for color removal (98.741 %).
Ab-initio calculation of band structure and linear optical properties of SbSI in para- and ferroelectric phases
Authors: Akkus Harun , Mamedov Amirullah 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
An ab-initio pseudopotential calculation has been performed by using density functional methods within the local density approximation (LDA) to investigate the band structure and optical properties of the ferroelectric-semiconductor SbSI in the para- and ferroelectric phases. It has been shown that SbSI has an indirect gap in both phases (1.45 eV and 1.49 eV in the para- and ferroelectric phases respectively) and that the smallest direct gap is at the S point of the Brillouin zone (1.56 eV and 1.58 eV in the para- and ferroelectric phases respectively). Furthermore, it is shown that first-order phase transition, from the paraelectric phase to the ferroelectric phase (the transiton temperature is about 22 °C), does not change the nature of the band gap. Moreover, the linear frequency dependent dielectric function, including self-energy effects, has been calculated along the c-polar axis in the para- and ferroelectric phases.
How induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. increase the degradation of caffeine
Authors: Gummadi Sathyanarayana , Santhosh Devarai 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Decaffeination is an important process for the removal of caffeine from wastes generated by coffee and tea industries. Microbial degradation of caffeine is more useful than conventional chemical treatment because of its low cost and because it does not involve the use of toxic solvents. However, biodegradation of caffeine remains a problem because of the difficulty of finding a strain that can resist high concentration of caffeine in addition to be able to degrade caffeine at higher rates. In this study, we used the induced cells of Pseudomonas sp. for the degradation of caffeine. The induced cells (8 mg/ml) showed complete degradation of a initial concentration of caffeine of 1.2 g/l in 6 hours. The optimum pH was 7.0, the agitation rate was 180 rpm and the optimum temperature for degradation was 35 °C. Under these conditions and in the presence of magnesium, complete degradation of 1.2 g/l of caffeine was accomplished in 4 hours. Additional trials determined that induced cells completely degraded an initial concentration of caffeine of 10 g/l in 26 hours. This is the first report on a strain that can degrade high concentrations of caffeine (e.g., 10 g/l) at the maximum rate of 0.385 g/l per hour. These results suggest that the strain can be used to successfully in developing a biological process for the degradation of caffeine.
Stimulated recovery of perturbed haematopoiesis by inhibition of prostaglandin production — promising therapeutic strategy
Authors: Hofer Michal , Pospíšil Milan 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Inhibitors of prostaglandin production, designated as classical non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and acting on the base of non-selective inhibition of cyclooxygenases, have been found in numerous studies to potentiate recovery of perturbed haematopoiesis by removing the negative feedback control mediated by prostaglandins. However, classical NSAIDs show pronounced undesirable gastrointestinal side effects, which limits the possibility of their utilization for various pathophysiological states including myelosuppression. Specific cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, targeted at selective inhibition of this inducible cyclooxygenase isoform and having much better gastrointestinal side effect profile, have been found in recent studies to retain the haematopoiesis-stimulating effects of classical NSAIDs. These results suggest that the indication spectrum of selective COX-2 inhibitors may be extended to the indication of myelosuppression of various etiology. Combining the anti-tumour and haematopoiesis-stimulating activities in a single COX-2 inhibitor may have a positive clinical impact.
Longitudinal Magnetic Resonance Imaging with ROS‐Responsive Bilirubin Nanoparticles Enables Monitoring of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Progression to Cirrhosis
Authors: Jung Wonsik , Asaduddin Muhammad , Keum Hyeongseop , Son Youngju , Yoo Dohyun , Kim Dohyeon , Lee Seojung , Lee Dong Yun , Roh Jin , Park Sung‐Hong , Jon Sangyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the vital importance of monitoring the progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its progressive form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), an efficient imaging modality that is readily available at hospitals is currently lacking. Here, a new magnetic‐resonance‐imaging (MRI)‐based imaging modality is presented that allows for efficient and longitudinal monitoring of NAFLD and NASH progression. The imaging modality uses manganese‐ion (Mn2+)‐chelated bilirubin nanoparticles (Mn@BRNPs) as a reactive‐oxygen‐species (ROS)‐responsive MRI imaging probe. Longitudinal T1‐weighted MR imaging of NASH model mice is performed after injecting Mn@BRNPs intravenously. The MR signal enhancement in the liver relative to muscle gradually increases up to 8 weeks of NASH progression, but decreases significantly as NASH progresses to the cirrhosis‐like stage at weeks 10 and 12. A new dual input pseudo‐three‐compartment model is developed to provide information on NASH stage with a single MRI scan. It is also demonstrated that the ROS‐responsive Mn@BRNPs can be used to monitor the efficacy of potential anti‐NASH drugs with conventional MRI. The findings suggest that the ROS‐responsive Mn@BRNPs have the potential to serve as an efficient MRI contrast for monitoring NASH progression and its transition to the cirrhosis‐like stage.
A Critical Review on Room‐Temperature Sodium‐Sulfur Batteries: From Research Advances to Practical Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Lingfei , Tao Ying , Zhang Yiyang , Lei Yaojie , Lai Wei‐Hong , Chou Shulei , Liu Hua‐Kun , Dou Shi‐Xue , Wang Yun‐Xiao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRoom‐temperature sodium‐sulfur (RT‐Na/S) batteries are promising alternatives for next‐generation energy storage systems with high energy density and high power density. However, some notorious issues are hampering the practical application of RT‐Na/S batteries. Besides, the working mechanism of RT‐Na/S batteries under practical conditions such as high sulfur loading, lean electrolyte, and low capacity ratio between the negative and positive electrode (N/P ratio), is of essential importance for practical applications, yet the significance of these parameters has long been disregarded. Herein, it is comprehensively reviewed recent advances on Na metal anode, S cathode, electrolyte, and separator engineering for RT‐Na/S batteries. The discrepancies between laboratory research and practical conditions are elaborately discussed, endeavors toward practical applications are highlighted, and suggestions for the practical values of the crucial parameters are rationally proposed. Furthermore, an empirical equation to estimate the actual energy density of RT‐Na/S pouch cells under practical conditions is rationally proposed for the first time, making it possible to evaluate the gravimetric energy density of the cells under practical conditions. This review aims to reemphasize the vital importance of the crucial parameters for RT‐Na/S batteries to bridge the gaps between laboratory research and practical applications.
Biofunctional Polyacrylamide Hydrogels using Tetrazole‐Methylsulfone Comonomer for Thiol Conjugation
Authors: Farrukh Hafiz Syed Usama Bin , Milos Frano , Díaz Álvarez Ana , Pearson Samuel , del Campo Aránzazu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBiofunctionalized polyacrylamide (PAAm) hydrogels are important 2D substrates for studying cell physics and mechanobiology. In this work, an arylmethylsulfone (MS) comonomer is developed that can be incorporated into PAAm gels under aqueous radical polymerization conditions. The resulting hydrogels show similar properties to unmodified PAAm gels, indicating that the comonomer is incorporated without affecting PAAm physical properties. The MS‐containing PAAm hydrogels allow efficient conjugation of thiol derivatized biomolecules and require very low comonomer content (2 mM, 0.18 mol% relative to AAm) and thiol incubation amounts (≥ 0.15 µg per gel) to achieve functional densities that elicit cell responses. Compared to carboxyl‐functionalized PAAm hydrogels, a 10‐fold lower comonomer concentration and a 10‐fold lower ligand feed concentration are sufficient to achieve comparable cell adhesion responses. The new comonomer opens up possibilities for efficient and straightforward biofunctionalization of PAAm hydrogels used in cell biophysical studies.
Development of an Operational Digital Twin of a Freight Car Braking System for Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Davidyan Gabriel , Bortman Jacob , Kenett Ron S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the evolving landscape of digital technology, the concept of digital twinning has emerged as one of the most important innovations. Digital twinning, characterized by a one‐to‐one correlation with physical structures in a digital environment, has become an important tool in transferring physical dynamics into digital replicas. This platform, integrating advanced sensor technologies and analytical tools, enables a comprehensive monitoring, diagnosis, and optimization concept. The present research focuses on the application of digital twinning in addressing the complex challenge of managing fault types in freight car brakes. A Digital Twin (DT) model of a freight car braking system is developed that forms the basis for an innovative approach to fault classification. This approach leverages the ability of the DT to emulate and analyze the behavior of the braking system under different conditions. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated through extensive testing and analysis with an experimental data set. The results show that the method is able to accurately diagnose different types of faults. This represents a significant advance in the field of freight car brake system diagnosis.
Construction of Interlayer Coupling Diatomic Nanozyme with Peroxidase‐Like and Photothermal Activities for Efficient Synergistic Antibacteria
Authors: Shi Xiudong , Lv Jie , Deng Shuangling , Zhou Fang , Mei Jiangang , Zheng Lei , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPathogenic bacteria are the main cause of bacterial infectious diseases, which have posed a grave threat to public health. Single‐atom nanozymes have emerged as promising candidates for antibacterial applications, but their activities need to be further improved. Considering diatomic nanozymes exhibit superior metal loading capacities and enhanced catalytic performance, a new interlayer coupling diatomic nanozyme (IC‐DAN) is constructed by modulating the coordination environment in an atomic‐level engineering. It is well demonstrated that IC‐DAN exhibited superior peroxidase‐mimetic activity in the presence of H2O2 to yield abundant ∙OH and possessed high photothermal conversion ability, which synergistically achieves efficient antibacterial therapy. Therefore, IC‐DAN shows great potential used as antibacterial agent in clinic and this study open a new route to developing high‐performance artificial enzymes.
Bioelectronic Direct Current Stimulation at the Transition Between Reversible and Irreversible Charge Transfer
Authors: Matter Lukas , Abdullaeva Oliya S. , Shaner Sebastian , Leal José , Asplund Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany biological processes rely on endogenous electric fields (EFs), including tissue regeneration, cell development, wound healing, and cancer metastasis. Mimicking these biological EFs by applying external direct current stimulation (DCS) is therefore the key to many new therapeutic strategies. During DCS, the charge transfer from electrode to tissue relies on a combination of reversible and irreversible electrochemical processes, which may generate toxic or bio‐altering substances, including metal ions and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) based electrodes are emerging as suitable candidates for DCS to improve biocompatibility compared to metals. This work addresses whether PEDOT electrodes can be tailored to favor reversible biocompatible charge transfer. To this end, different PEDOT formulations and their respective back electrodes are studied using cyclic voltammetry, chronopotentiometry, and direct measurements of H2O2and O2. This combination of electrochemical methods sheds light on the time dynamics of reversible and irreversible charge transfer and the relationship between capacitance and ROS generation. The results presented here show that although all electrode materials investigated generate ROS, the onset of ROS can be delayed by increasing the electrode's capacitance via PEDOT coating, which has implications for future bioelectronic devices that allow longer reversibly driven pulse durations during DCS.
A Review of Recent Advancements in Sensor‐Integrated Medical Tools
Authors: Park Jaeho , Seo Bokyung , Jeong Yongrok , Park Inkyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA medical tool is a general instrument intended for use in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases in humans or other animals. Nowadays, sensors are widely employed in medical tools to analyze or quantify disease‐related parameters for the diagnosis and monitoring of patients’ diseases. Recent explosive advancements in sensor technologies have extended the integration and application of sensors in medical tools by providing more versatile in vivo sensing capabilities. These unique sensing capabilities, especially for medical tools for surgery or medical treatment, are getting more attention owing to the rapid growth of minimally invasive surgery. In this review, recent advancements in sensor‐integrated medical tools are presented, and their necessity, use, and examples are comprehensively introduced. Specifically, medical tools often utilized for medical surgery or treatment, for example, medical needles, catheters, robotic surgery, sutures, endoscopes, and tubes, are covered, and in‐depth discussions about the working mechanism used for each sensor‐integrated medical tool are provided.
Thromboxane A2 Modulates de novo Synthesis of Adrenal Corticosterone in Mice via p38/14‐3‐3γ/StAR Signaling
Authors: Yan Shuai , Wang Yuanyang , Wang Bei , Zuo Shengkai , Yu Ying 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProstanoids are endogenous lipid bioactive mediators that play essential roles in physiological processes such as glucocorticoid secretion. Here, it is found that the thromboxane (Tx)A2 receptor (TP) is highly expressed in the adrenal cortex of mice. Both global and adrenocortical‐specific deletion of the TP receptor lead to increased adiposity in mice by elevating corticosterone synthesis. Mechanistically, the TP receptor deletion increases the phosphorylation of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and corticosterone synthesis in adrenal cortical cells by suppressing p‐p38‐mediated phosphorylation of 14‐3‐3γ adapter protein at S71. The activation of the p38 in the adrenal cortical cells by forced expression of the MKK6EE gene attenuates hypercortisolism in TP‐deficient mice. These observations suggest that the TxA2/TP signaling regulates adrenal corticosterone homeostasis independent of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the TP receptor may serve as a promising therapeutic target for hypercortisolism.
Naphthalene Diimide‐Based Metallacage as an Artificial Ion Channel for Chloride Ion Transport
Authors: Ling Qing‐Hui , Fu Yuanyuan , Lou Zhen‐Chen , Yue Bangkun , Guo Chenxing , Hu Xinyu , Lu Weiqiang , Hu Lianrui , Wang Wei , Zhang Min , Yang Hai‐Bo , Xu Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping synthetic molecular devices for controlling ion transmembrane transport is a promising research field in supramolecular chemistry. These artificial ion channels provide models to study ion channel diseases and have huge potential for therapeutic applications. Compared with self‐assembled ion channels constructed by intermolecular weak interactions between smaller molecules or cyclic compounds, metallacage‐based ion channels have well‐defined structures and can exist as single components in the phospholipid bilayer. A naphthalene diimide‐based artificial chloride ion channel is constructed through efficient subcomponent self‐assembly and its selective ion transport activity in large unilamellar vesicles and the planar lipid bilayer membrane by fluorescence and ion‐current measurements is investigated. Molecular dynamics simulations and density functional theory calculations show that the metallacage spans the entire phospholipid bilayer as an unimolecular ion transport channel. This channel transports chloride ions across the cell membrane, which disturbs the ion balance of cancer cells and inhibits the growth of cancer cells at low concentrations.
Recyclable and Stable Porphyrin‐Based Self‐Assemblies by Electrostatic Force for Efficient Photocatalytic Organic Transformation
Authors: Cai Bin , Huang Ping , Fang Yuan , Tian Haining 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDevelopment of efficient, stable, and recyclable photocatalysts for organic synthesis is vital for transformation of traditional thermal organic chemistry into green sustainable organic chemistry. In this work, the study reports an electrostatic approach to assemble meso‐tetra (4‐sulfonate phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS)tetra (4‐sulfonate phenyl) porphyrin (TPPS) as a donor and benzyl viologen (BV) as an acceptor into stable and recyclable photocatalyst for an efficient organic transformation reaction – aryl sulfide oxidation. By use of the electrostatic TPPS‐BV photocatalysts, 0.1 mmol aryl sulfide with electron‐donating group can be completely transformed into aryl sulfoxide in 60 min without overoxidation into sulfone, rendering near 100% yield and selectivity. The photocatalyst can be recycled up to 95% when 10 mg amount is used. Mechanistic study reveals that efficient charge separation between TPPS and BV results in sufficient formation of superoxide which further reacts with the oxidized sulfide by the photocatalyst to produce the sulfoxide. This mechanistic pathway differs significantly from the previously proposed singlet oxygen‐dominated process in homogeneous TPPS photocatalysis.
Monolithic Perovskite–Silicon Dual‐Band Photodetector for Efficient Spectral Light Discrimination
Authors: Kim Woochul , Seo Yeonju , Ahn Dante , Kim In Soo , Balamurugan Chandran , Jung Gun Young , Kwon Sooncheol , Kim Hyeonghun , Pak Yusin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelective spectral discrimination of visible and near‐infrared light, which accurately distinguishes different light wavelengths, holds considerable promise in various fields, such as automobiles, defense, and environmental monitoring. However, conventional imaging technologies suffer from various issues, including insufficient spatial optimization, low definition, and optical loss. Herein, a groundbreaking advancement is demonstrated in the form of a dual‐band photodiode with distinct near‐infrared‐ and visible‐light discrimination obtained via simple voltage control. The approach involves the monolithic stacking integration of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and Si semiconductors, resulting in a p‐Si/n‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester/i‐MAPbI3/p‐spiro‐MeOTAD (PNIP) device. Remarkably, the PNIP configuration can independently detect the visible and near‐infrared regions without traditional optical filters under a voltage range of 3 to −3 V. In addition, an imaging system for a prototype autonomous vehicle confirms the capability of the device to separate visible and near‐infrared light via an electrical bias and practicality of this mechanism. Therefore, this study pushes the boundaries of image sensor development and sets the stage for fabricating compact and power‐efficient photonic devices with superior performance and diverse functionality.