bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recessive dystrophic Epidermolysis bullosa. Two case reports with 20‐year follow‐up
Authors: Olsen Christopher B. , Bourke Laurence F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThese two case reports highlight the enormous clinical difficulties faced by dentists in providing satisfactory long‐term dental care to patients who suffer from Epidermolysis bullosa. Problems of bullae formation in oral soft tissues and subsequent scarring are outlined in relation to the difficulty of maintaining satisfactory oral hygiene and a diet leading to minimal dental caries experience. The behavioural problems of maintaining patient compliance for preventive and restorative dentistry in this painful and debilitating disease are illustrated in these case reports. Difficulties in providing restorative care, either under local anaesthesia or general anaesthesia are discussed, and a novel replacement of non‐viable carious anterior teeth using a nine‐unit porcelain fused to metal Rochette type bridge is presented. Dental management of patients with Epidermolysis bullosa should commence at birth, and non‐compliance in dental attendances should be followed up by social workers to prevent the disastrous oral morbidity that frequently occurs in such patients.
Human immunodeficiency virus infection: A review of the mode of infection, pathogenesis, disease course, and the general and clinical manifestations
Authors: McCullough M. J. , Firth N. A. , Reade P. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAcquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) was first recognized in 1981 and in 1983 the virus responsible for this syndrome, the human immunodeficiency virus, was first isolated. There has been an increasing understanding of the many aspects related to infection with this virus and this review discusses the historical as well as the more recent findings related to infection with this virus. In particular, the pathogenesis, mode and course of infection are discussed followed by an overview of the general and oral manifestations of infection with this virus.
Surgically‐assisted maxillary expansion
Authors: Woods Michael , Wiesenfeld David , Probert Timothy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA combined surgical and orthodontic technique for management of transverse maxillary deficiencies in mature patients is described and discussed. Special references are made to the surgical release of several circummaxillary articulations to facilitate the use of a fixed expansion device, and to the authors' addition of an osteotomy below the nasal spine, to ensure that the nasal septum remains independent of the maxillary segments. Indications for the use of this surgically‐assisted maxillary expansion technique, and its advantages when compared with segmented surgical expansion, are also presented.
Efficacy of a dentifrice and oral rinse containing sanguinaria extract in conjunction with initial periodontal therapy
Authors: Cullinan Mary P. , Powell Robin N. , Faddy Malcolm J. , Seymour Gregory J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn the treatment of periodontal disease initial therapy aims at reducing marginal inflammation so allowing assessment of residual disease and further treatment options. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the use of a dentifrice and oral rinse containing sanguinaria extract led to a more rapid resolution of gingival inflammation following initial therapy. Thirty‐four subjects, randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups, took part in this randomized double‐blind parallel study. All subjects received initial therapy including oral hygiene instruction and scaling and root planing as required. One group also received an active dentifrice and oral rinse containing sanguinaria extract (an antiplaque agent) and zinc chloride. The other group received a placebo dentifrice and oral rinse. The gingival index (GI), plaque index (PLI) and probing pocket depths (PD) were recorded at six sites per tooth at baseline, two weeks after initial therapy and six weeks after initial therapy. There was no significant difference between the groups for any of the parameters at the baseline examination. Two weeks following initial therapy both groups showed a statistically significant increase in the number of sites with PLI of 0 or 1 (p<0.0001) and a statistically significant increase in the number of sites with a GI of 0 or 1 (that is, no bleeding on probing), (p<0.0001). Also there was a statistically significant increase in the number of sites with probing depths 3 mm (p<0.0001) compared with baseline. These changes were maintained through to six weeks post therapy. There was no significant advantage to the sanguinaria group. Results demonstrate that initial therapy in the form of oral hygiene instruction, scaling and root planing leads to a significant improvement in periodontal status which is maintained at least in the short term. Further, use of a dentifrice and oral rinse containing sanguinaria did not improve the efficacy of initial therapy.
Infant and child feeding practices: A preliminary investigation
Authors: Wyne Amjad H. , Spencer A. John , Szuster Fearnley S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe objective of this preliminary investigation was to examine the feeding practices of infants and pre‐school children in Adelaide, and thereby contribute to the development of appropriate preventive dental strategies. A stratified random sample of 160 two year old and three year old pre‐school children in the Adelaide Statistical District was obtained. Information about feeding practices and use of comforters or ‘dummies’ was obtained through a self‐administered questionnaire completed by parents of the selected children. Information was collected for the age periods of 0–3 months, 4–6 months, 7–12 months, 13–24 months and 25–36 months. Most of the children (81.8 per cent) were breast‐fed at some stage. However the percentage of children being breast‐fed decreased markedly across age periods, particularly to 13–24 months, when only 15.9 per cent of children were being breast‐fed. Over half of the children had been bottle‐fed with infant formula at some stage. The highest percentage of children being bottle‐fed with infant formula occurred in the 4–6 months (42.6 per cent) closely followed by the 7–12 months age period (37.4 per cent). Nearly two‐thirds of children were bottle‐fed with cow's milk at some stage. The highest percentage of children being bottle‐fed with cow's milk occurred in the 13–24 months age period (49.6 per cent). A quarter (24.5 per cent) of the children were put to bed at some stage with a bottle containing cariogenic fluids. The majority of children used a ‘dummy’ at some stage during both day‐time and night‐time. Parents are in need of advice on appropriate feeding patterns for infants and young children.
Audit of waste collected over one week from ten dental practices. A pilot study
Authors: Farmer Glenda M. , Stankiewicz N. , Michael B. , Wojcik A. , Lim Y. , Ivkovic D. , Rajakulendran J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAn audit of the waste practices of ten general dental surgeries identified problems that have occurred due to the lack of specific dental guidelines or codes of practice in this area. Occupational health and safety requirements for types and locations of sharps containers, and lack of consensus on what constitutes a sharp, were identified as areas needing attention. Cross‐infection control items, such as gloves, masks, single‐use cups, and protective coverings, were found to constitute up to 91 per cent of total waste. When infectious waste was reclassified by the audit team as ‘that waste which was visibly blood stained,’ a reduction in waste in this category was made, during the audit, at each practice. The practice of disposing of radiographic fixer and developer into the sewerage system occurred in three out of the ten practices, even though the Australian Dental Association Inc. has discouraged this practice.
Cell surface structures of Actinomyces israelii
Authors: Figdor David , Davies John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractActinomyces israelii is the most common cause of human actinomycosis, a chronic granulomatous infection. Periapical actinomycosis involving A. israelii has been identified as an important cause of failure of conventional endodontic treatment. Structures on the bacterial cell surface have been implicated in the pathogenicity of Actinomyces. In this study the ultrastructure of A. israelii was investigated by electron microscopy. Negatively stained preparations revealed the presence of hairlike fimbriae protruding through a thick surface coat on some species, whilst thin sectioning disclosed a Gram‐positive cell wall surrounded by a fuzzy outer coat. These structures may be important for the pathogenicity of A. israelii.
Distribution of coronal and root caries experience among persons aged 60+ in South Australia
Authors: Slade Gary D. , Spencer A. John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis report provides epidemiological data describing caries experience among the population of noninstitutionalized older adults in Adelaide and Mt Gambier. Subjects were selected in a stratified random sample of persons aged 60+ who were listed on the South Australian Electoral Database. Oral examinations were conducted by four calibrated dentists among 853 dentate persons aged 60 years and over. There was an average of 14.7 missing teeth, 8.3 filled teeth and 0.3 decayed teeth, and a further 0.2 teeth were present as retained roots. The mean number of missing teeth was higher (p<0.05) in older compared with younger age groups, and in Mt Gambier compared with Adelaide. The mean DFS of 22.1 was significantly higher (p<0.05) among younger persons, females and in Adelaide. Root surface caries affected an average of 3.1 surfaces, and was greater (p<0.05) among persons aged 70–79 years, males and Adelaide residents. However, when root caries was expressed as an attack rate per 100 exposed surfaces, differences were statistically significant only among age groups. Analysis of specific teeth revealed that no more than 40 per cent of molars were retained, and between 30 and 58 per cent of retained molars had coronal fillings.
Coronal displacement of cementum: Correlation between age and coronal movement of cementum in impacted teeth
Authors: Bocutog Önder , Yakan Birkan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study was conducted on 48 impacted and 51 erupted mailary permanent canine teeth exteracted from healthy patients aged 13–73 years. Longitudinal buccolingual ground sections were prepared. The distance between the edges of cementum and enamel in each specimen was measured with an eyepiece micrometer. A correlation test was applied between age and the distance between enamel and cementum measurements. In impacted teeth, depending age, cementum ahd a tendency to overlap the enamel; there was a linear correlation betwen age and coronal displacement of cementum (n‐2 = 46, r = 0.69, distance (μm) = 21.7* age (years)‐440, p<0.001). No correlation between age and coronal displacement was found in erupted teeth (n‐2 = 49, r = ‐0.23, p>0.05). Resutlts of the study indicated that the cementum in impacted teeth migrated coronally during the ageing process. This may affect the impacted teeth and may be a mechanism by which the teeth are protected at the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ). This phenomenon could be used in forensic dentistry to determine could be used in forensic dentistry to determine age. The absence of correlation in erupted teeth could be attributed to the masking effects of extrinsic factors.
Tissue radiation dosages using the RVG‐S with and without niobium filtration
Authors: Scarfe William c. , Farman Allan G. , Brand John W. , Kelly Michael S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractTissue doses for a modified Rando head‐and‐neck phantom were measured for imaging with speed group E film with standardized aluminium filtration and the RVG‐S both with and without added niobium filtration. Cylindrical holes drilled into the phantom's tissue‐equivalent material permitted the placement of a small ionization chamber into anatomically correct sites representing the thyroid, parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands. To establish the necessary cone positions, angulations and time settings for each exposure, diagostically acceptable images of six teeth, representative of different intraoral regions, were made for a DXXTR mannequin. Entrance and exit points were marked and transferred to the phantom to allow reproducible repeat exposures. The RVG‐S provided reductions in average skin entrance dose of 31 per cent to 39 per cent with standard aluminium filtration and 51 per cent to 60 per cent with the addition of niobium filtration to attenuate the beam. While dose reductions relative to E‐speed film usage were found for deep tissue sites, these were site and projection specific. The cumulative reduction from use of the RVG‐S without niobium filtration was 32 per cent. It was 42 per cent with additional niobium filtration. It should be noted, however, that adding niobium filtration resulted in increased dosages to the deeper soft tissues such as the thyroid gland.
Gingival crevicular fluid lactoferrin levels in adult per iodontitis patients
Authors: Tsai C‐C. , Kao C. C. , Chen C. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe present study was designed to determine in a cross‐sectional study whether there was any relationship between the levels of lactoferrin in gingival crevicular fluid and clinical periodontal parameters. Crevicular fluid was collected from individual sites using standardized filter paper strips (clinically healthy sites, N=23; periodontitis sites, n=66) and evaluated for lactoferrin by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The data showed that: (1) the total amounts of lactoferrin were 0.003‐0.021 ng (30 second sample) (average 0.009±0.005 ng) in a clinically healthy periodontium group and 0.016‐3.847 ng (30 second sample) (average 0.575±0.069 ng) in adult periodontitis patients (statistically significantly higher in adult periodontitis patients); and (2) the total amounts of lactoferrin were significantly correlated with clinical parameters,
A new intermaxillary fixation method using adhesive cast splints for a voiding skin puncture
Authors: Yamada Takehisa , Sumi Yasunori , Okazaki Yasuhiro , Ueda Minoru 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIntermaxillary fixation using arch bars is performed for mandibular and fractures. They are applied to the respective maxillary and mandibular arches with circumdental stainless steel wires. Skin puncture may pose a risk for the surgeon. Therefore, the authors have developed and tested a method for using intermaxillary fixation using an adhesive cast splint. The resulting strength was found to be generally superior to that achieved with arch bars. Despite some problems, this technique is considered a useful method for avoiding skin puncture.
The use of titanium mesh sheet in the frontozygma tico‐orbital region. Case reports
Authors: Lazaridis N. , Makos Ch. , Iordanidis S. , Zouloumis L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSix cases reconstructed in the zygomatico‐frontoorbital region with titanium mesh are reported and a discussion of the use of theis material in oral and maxillofacial surgery is presented.
Sublingual hypoglossal neurilemmoma. Case report
Authors: Drevelengas Antonios , Kalaitzoglou Ioannis , Lazaridis Nikolaos 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNeurilemmomas of the peripheral segment of the hypoglossal nerve are extremely uncommon neoplasms. A rare case of hypoglossal neurilemmoma located in the sublingual space is reported and the differential diagnosis of sublingual mass lesions is discussed.
An assessment of attitudes to, and extent of, the practice of denture marking in South Australia
Authors: Alexander P. M. V. , Taylor J. A. , Szuster F. S. P. , Brown K. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDenture marking or labelling is not a new concept in either prosthetic or forensic dentistry and its routine practice has been urged by forensic odontologists internationally for many years. In the general community it is often recommended for institutionalized persons to prevent confusion of ownership of dentures. In Australia, the Nursing Home Standards require that dentures of residents be ‘discreetly labelled’ and marking of all dentures is recommended by the Australian Dental Association. In some countries the marking of dentures is regulated by legislation, but elsewhere there seems to be a reluctance to effect this practice.Various methods which have been proposed include the insertion of an identifying label during the fabrication of the dentures with the utilization of a number of materials and coding systems. This study reports the results of a survey undertaken to determine the extent of the practice of denture marking in South Australia, the methods in use, and the attitudes of dentists, dental technicians and institutions to it.The results indicated that 24.5 per cent of all practitioners providing removable prostheses to their patients include an identifying label as part of the service on some occasions. This included 19.9 per cent of general dental practitioners, 25 per cent of specialist prosthodontists, 57.1 per cent of practitioners with training in forensic odontology, and 43.5 per cent of clinical dental technicians.No practitioner labelled dentures routinely. Reasons cited for not labelling dentures included cost, lack of awareness of standards and recommendations and a belief that it was of little importance.
Service‐mix in general dental practice in Japan: A survey in a suburban area
Authors: Kawamura Makoto , Sasaki Takehiko , Imai‐Tanaka Takako , Yamasaki Yukiko , Iwamoto Yoshifumi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOverseas investigations have reported the amount and variety of dental services provided. An understanding of the current service‐mix in private general practice is important in the anticipation of the future practice of dentistry. The main purpose of this study was to describe the service‐mix of private general practitioners in Japan, which was recorded using the Australian Dental Association Dental Procedure Code. Some comparisons with previous studies were offered. The youngest age group and adolescents formed only a small percentage of the total patients, while the greatest percentage of patients occurred in the 45–64 year age group. The services provided were mainly restorative, diagnostic, advanced restorative and endodontic services. Preventive services represented a minority of dental activity, especially for young patients. Periodontic and orthodontic services were also remarkable for their low percentage in all age groups. In comparison with an Australian study, the percentage of preventive services was considerably lower. Movement toward a preventive emphasis in Japanese dentistry requires a change in the clinical model, de‐emphasizing biomedical and aetiological approaches and placing greater emphasis on the patient and factors affecting dental practice.
A brief review of indigenous Australian health as it impacts on oral health
Authors: Martin‐Iverson Nicole , Phatouros Andrea , Tennant Marc 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe indigenous population of Australia constitutes approximately 2 per cent of the total population. This group has faced significant cultural, economic and health changes since European settlement some 200 years ago. In this brief review some of the health changes that have influenced the oral health status of this community have been examined. Of major importance is the dietary change that the once nomadic indigenous community has undergone. Today's Western diet, high in sugar, low in proteins and vitamins, has resultd in a significant increse in the risk (and prevalence) of caries and periodontal disease. In addition, the high prevalence of diabetes also exacerbates the periodontal problem. The remoteness of a significant proportion of Australian indigenous communities from modern health care services and limited access to fluoridation increases the incidence of oral disease. It is also noted that the incidence of rheumatic heart disease is one of the highest in the world, thereby increasing the risk of bacterial endocarditis. It is clear that indigenous communities have unique oral health needs but the extent of these needs is not well documented. It is important that more research be undertaken to assess these needs so that appropriate oral health programmes can be developed.
The outcome of arthroscopic treatment of temporomandibular joint arthropathy
Authors: Rosenburg I. , Goss A. N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractNinety patients underwent arthroscopic temporomandibular joint surgery to 124 joints for arthropathy which had failed to respond to at least six months of non‐surgical treatment. They were surveyed at between 6 months and 5 years (mean 2.5 years) after surgery and 63 per cent responded to the survey. They reported an 82 per cent improvement for pain (50 to 100 per cent better), 80 per cent for clicking and 82 per cent for locking. There was no morbidity following the treatment. Arthroscopic surgery sould be considered for advanced temporomandibular joint arthropathy which is refractory to non‐surgical treatment.
Radiographic appearance of alveolar osseous defects in relation to their anatomic location
Authors: Nicopoulou‐Karayianni Kety , Diamanti‐Kipioti Anthoula 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRadiographs are of limited value in the diagnosis of osseous defects. Anatomic and technical factors affect the radiographic appearance of bone lesions. This study was undertaken in order to determine whether the radiographic appearance of alveolar osseous defects depends on their location, and particularly whether there are any differences in radiographic detection between bone defects located in the maxilla or the mandible, and on the buccal or lingual aspects of the alveolar crest. Experimental bone lesions were created in the alveolar crest of a skull. Standardized periapical radiographs were obtained before and after the defects were made. After processing, pairs of radiographs were randomly mounted. Five dentists acted as observers in order to determine whether or not a change in alveolar bone was detectable at each of the five possible locations. The unpaired t test was applied for the assessment of statistically significant differences with respect to sensitivity, specificity, and positive diagnostic value in the diagnosis of bone lesions depending on their location. The results showed that the anatomic location of a lesion in the alveolar bone affected its radiographic appearance. Moreover, experimental defects were detected more often in the mandible and on the lingual surfaces of the alveolar crest.
The Clinical performance of ceramic inlays: A review
Authors: Bergman Mark A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe availability of improved ceramic materials, bonding techniques, new technology and issues of amalgam safety have led to a revival of interest in ceramic inlays in density over the past ten years. Clinical studies have been carried out during this time using various evaluation technique to assess the clinical performance of these restorations.In this paper, recent clinical studies are examined and a review of the current state of knowledge regarding the clinical performance and survival statistics of ceramic inlays in presented. The major problems associated with ceramic inlay therapy appear to be fracture, hepersensitivity, degree of fit, maintenance of marginal integrity, microleakage, bond failure and cement wear. Other areas which also effect the clinical performance of ceramic inlays are ceramic wear, opposing tooth wear, plaque accumulation, gingivitis, secondary caries, colour stability, anatomic form and radiopacity.Recommendations based on the findings of clinical studies are also preseneted and whilst no specific material or technique has been shown to be clearly superior, certain principles which predispose to success can be identified.When compared with other forms of aesthetic intra‐coronal restorations, ceramic inlays perform well. However, their high cost and extreme technique sensitivity would appear to restrict their use to certain limited clinical situations.