bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An adaptive approach for image encryption and secure transmission over multirate wireless sensor networks
Authors: Wang Wei , Peng Dongming , Wang Honggang , Sharif Hamid 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we propose an innovative adaptive secure image delivery approach, to achieve effective and efficient image encryption based on an optimal transmission rate in terms of energy efficiency in wireless sensor networks (WSN). Our contribution is three folds—First, the proposed component based selective encryption scheme achieves high image security, while incurring little encryption overhead; furthermore, the proposed adaptive encryption scheme achieve the best security effort within delay bound; finally, the proposed transmission rate optimization improves energy efficiency, and feeds back effective path capacity parameters for adaptive encryption. Simulation results show a significant gain in both energy efficiency and security based on the proposed approach for image secure transmissions in WSN. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing vaginal tape and transobturator tape for the treatment of mild and moderate stress incontinence
Authors: Zhu Lan , Lang Jinghe , Hai Ning , Wong Felix 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the efficacy and safety of the tension‐free vaginal tape (TVT) and transobturator suburethral tape (TVT‐O) procedures for the treatment of mild and moderate stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Methods: A total of 56 women were randomly selected to undergo the TVT‐O or the TVT procedure. In some patients, vaginal repair or vaginal hysterectomy was done simultaneously for associated indications. Results: Mean blood loss and hospital stay duration were the same for the 2 groups, but mean ± SD operative time was significantly shorter in the TVT‐O than in the TVT group (16 ± 4 min vs 27 ± 6 min; P < 0.001). On the second day following surgery a residual urine volume less than 100 mL was noted in 86% and 89% of the patients in the TVT‐O and TVT groups, respectively; cure was achieved in 92.9% and 92.6% of the patients. No serious complications occurred in either group. Outcome was subjectively assessed, with the patients followed‐up for a mean of 27.6 months. Conclusion: No significant differences in rates of cure, postoperative urine retention, or operative complications were found following the TVT‐O or the TVT procedure.
Last Interglacial (Eemian) hydrographic conditions in the southwestern Baltic Sea based on dinoflagellate cysts from Ristinge Klint, Denmark
Authors: HEAD MARTIN J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA dinoflagellate cyst record with strong Mediterranean/Lusitanian affinities is described from marine deposits of Eemian age (Last Interglacial; Late Pleistocene) at Ristinge Klint, Denmark, revealing new information about the hydrographic evolution of the southwestern Baltic Sea. A revised correlation of the pollen record at Ristinge Klint with that of the annually laminated site at Bispingen in northern Germany provides temporal control. Approximately the first quarter of Eemian time is represented. A marine ingression into a lake took place during theQuercusrise, about 300 years into the interglacial, and is marked by low (<c. 3 psu) salinities at the base of the Cyprina Clay that increased progressively. An abrupt and significant rise in the inflow of warm, saline waters from the North Sea occurred at about 750 years into the interglacial (theCorylusrise), and at about 1900 years into the interglacial, strongly stratified waters developed. Higher in the Cyprina Clay and continuing to its top, at nearly 3000 years into the interglacial, more open-marine waters are indicated, although fully marine conditions were not reached. The dinoflagellate record throughout the Cyprina Clay at Ristinge Klint is therefore one of increasing marine influence. Summer sea-surface temperatures approached, and may have exceeded, 26–28 °C during early Eemian time, indicating temperatures at least 5 °C warmer than at present. These warm conditions persisted to the top of the record at Ristinge Klint. No evidence exists at Ristinge Klint for the influence of Arctic watermasses, and the paucity of cold-water species throughout the section reflects mild winter temperatures in the southwestern Baltic Sea.The new speciesSpiniferites ristingensisis formally described, and the nameOperculodinium centrocarpumvar.cezarede Vernal, Goyette & Rodrigues, 1989 is validated.
Elemental and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic geochemistry of Mesozoic mafic intrusions in southern Fujian Province, SE China: implications for lithospheric mantle evolution
Authors: ZHAO JUN-HONG , HU RUIZHONG , ZHOU MEI-FU , LIU SHEN 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCretaceous mafic dykes in Fujian province, SE China provide an opportunity to examine the nature of their mantle source and the secular evolution of the Mesozoic lithospheric mantle beneath SE China. The mafic rocks have SiO2ranging from 47.42 to 55.40 wt %, Al2O3from 14.0 wt % to 20.4 wt %, CaO from 4.09 to 11.7 wt % and total alkaline (K2O+Na2O) from 2.15 wt % to 6.59 wt %. Two types are recognized based on their REE and primitive mantle-normalized trace element patterns. Type-A is the dominant Mesozoic mafic rock type in SE China and is characterized by enrichment of light rare earth elements (LREE) ((La/Yb)n = 2.85–19.0) and arc-like trace element geochemistry. Type-P has relatively flat REE patterns ((La/Yb)n = 1.68–3.43) and primitive mantle-like trace element patterns except for enrichment of Rb, Ba and Pb. Type-A samples show EMII signatures on the Sr-Nd isotopic diagram, whereas type-P rocks have high initial143Nd/144Nd ratios (0.5126–0.5128) relative to the type-A rocks (143Nd/144Nd = 0.5124–0.5127). The type-A rocks have207Pb/204Pb ranging from 15.47 to 15.67 and206Pb/204Pb from 18.26 to 18.52. All the type-A rocks show a negative correlation between143Nd/144Nd and206Pb/204Pb ratios and a positive relationship between87Sr/86Sr and206Pb/204Pb ratios, indicating mixing of a depleted mantle source and an EMII component. Geochemical modelling shows that the parental magmas were formed by 5–15 % partial melting of a spinel lherzolite, and contaminated by less than 1 % melt derived from subducted sediment. The type-P magmas were derived from a mantle source unmodified by subduction components. The wide distribution of type-A dykes in SE China suggests that subduction-modified lithospheric mantle was extensive beneath the Cathaysia Block. Geochemical differences between Mesozoic and Cenozoic mafic rocks indicate that lithospheric thinning beneath SE China occurred in two episodes: firstly by heterogeneous modification by subducted components in early Mesozoic times, and later by chemical–mechanical erosion related to convective upwelling of the asthenosphere during Cenozoic times.
Collapse of the neutral current sheet and reconnection at micro-scales
Authors: SHAIKHISLAMOV I. F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractReconnection physics at micro-scales is investigated in an electron magnetohydrodynamics frame. A new process of collapse of the neutral current sheet is demonstrated by means of analytical and numerical solutions. It shows how at scales smaller than ion inertia length a compression of the sheet triggers an explosive evolution of current perturbation. Collapse results in the formation of a intense sub-sheet and then an X-point structure embedded into the equilibrium sheet. Hall currents associated with this structure support high reconnection rates. Nonlinear static solution at scales of the electron skin reveals that electron inertia and small viscosity provide an efficient mechanism of field lines breaking. The reconnection rate does not depend on the actual value of viscosity, while the maximum current is found to be restricted even for space plasmas with extremely rare collisions. The results obtained are verified by a two-fluid large-scale numerical simulation.
Side-conditioned axisymmetric equilibria with incompressible flows
Authors: THROUMOULOPOULOS G. N. , TASSO H. , POULIPOULIS G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAxisymmetric equilibria with incompressible flows of arbitrary direction are studied in the framework of magnetohydrodynamics under a variety of physically relevant side conditions consisting, for example, in that the plasma temperature or the magnetic field modulus are uniform on magnetic surfaces. To this end a set of pertinent nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are transformed to quasilinear ODEs and the respective initial value problem is solved numerically with appropriately determined initial values near the magnetic axis. Several equilibrium configurations are then constructed surface by surface. It turns out that in addition to the usual configurations with a magnetic axis, the non-field aligned flow results to novel toroidal shell equilibria in which the plasma is confined within a couple of magnetic surfaces. In addition, the flow affects the elongation and triangularity of the magnetic surfaces and opens up the possibility of changing the magnetic field topology by creating double toroidal shell-like configurations.
The Wong Lineage Land: Property and Belonging in the New Territories of Hong Kong in 1904
Authors: AIJMER GÖRAN 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis essay explores the distribution of the ownership of land in a coastal village in the New Territories of Hong Kong at the beginning of the last century. The study examines land and houses as indices of relative wealth in a poor community. Above all, it points to the discursive social use of land as a genealogical tract in an area where written genealogies would have been scarce or nonexisting. Belonging in terms of agnatic continuity and its ramifications over time were mapped out in the agricultural landscape to form a complete depicting graph.
Re-Orientalism: The Perpetration and Development of Orientalism by Orientals
Authors: LAU LISA 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article discusses the perpetration of Orientalism in the arena of contemporary South Asian literature in English: no longer an Orientalism propagated by Occidentals, but ironically enough, by Orientals, albeit by diasporic Orientals. This process, which is here termed as Re-Orientalism, dominates and, to a significant extent, distorts the representation of the Orient, seizing voice and platform, and once again consigning the Oriental within the Orient to a position of ‘The Other’. The article begins by analysing and establishing the dominant positionality of diasporic South Asian women writers relative to their non-diasporic counterparts in the genre, particularly within the last half decade. It then identifies three problems with the techniques employed by some diasporic authors which have exacerbated the detrimental effects of Re-Orientalism; the pre-occupation with producing writing which is recognisably within the South Asian genre, the problem of generalisation and totalisation, and the insidious nature of ‘truth claims’.
LMS robotic hand grasp and manipulation planning (an isomorphic exoskeleton approach)
Authors: Chaigneau D. , Arsicault M. , Gazeau J.-P. , Zeghloul S. 
Published: August 2007

SUMMARYIn order to widen the potentialities of manipulation of the Laboratoire de Mécanique des solides (LMS) mechanical hand, we developed a new planning approach based on the use of a specific exoskeleton. This one has kinematics architecture and dimensions identical to the mechanical hand. This feature allows us to obtain manipulation trajectories for the mechanical hand, very easily and very quickly, by using the exoskeleton, without complex calibration. Manipulation's trajectories are replayed offline with an autonomous control, and, consequently, the exoskeleton is not used with any feedback strategy for telemanipulation. This paper presents the characteristics of this exoskeleton and the graphic interface that we developed. This one uses a method to determine the object's evolution during the manipulation with the exoskeleton, without using exteroceptive sensors. This new approach was tested for standard trajectories by simulation on a Computer-aided design (CAD) robotics system and by using the mechanical hand. Thus, we validate the use concept of an isomorphic exoskeleton to mechanical hand for manipulation planning with the LMS mechanical hand.
Three seedling emergence methods in soil seed bank studies: implications for interpretation of propagule deposition in riparian zones
Authors: Gurnell Angela , Goodson Joanne , Thompson Ken , Mountford Owen , Clifford Nick 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSamples of soil and recently deposited sediments were collected from the river bed, bank face and bank tops of two lengths (reaches) of the River Frome, Dorset, UK and one reach of the River Tern, Shropshire, UK. Soil propagule bank samples were collected in May 2003, and depositional samples were collected subsequently over four consecutive 4-month periods between June 2003 and October 2004. The samples were subjected to three emergence trials under drained, waterlogged and submerged conditions. Significantly more seedlings germinated in the drained than waterlogged trial, and waterlogged than submerged trials. Drained, waterlogged and submerged trials identified 186, 76 and 37 species, respectively. Six species identified in the waterlogged trials were not identified in the drained trials, and five species in the submerged trials were not found in the drained trials. Submerged trials added two species to the drained and waterlogged results. Application of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to average species abundance data, for the sampled hydrological habitats (bed, bank face, bank top) within the soil propagule bank and four depositional data sets, generated different results for the three trials. The drained treatment revealed significant differences between sites, seasons and hydrological habitats, whereas the waterlogged and submerged treatments presented an increasingly homogeneous view of the samples. Our results confirm other propagule bank emergence comparisons and extend them to depositional samples, demonstrating that the strong environmental sieves imposed by waterlogging and submergence restrict emergence of numerous terrestrial, wetland and even some aquatic species that were successfully identified using the drained conditions.
Natural weed seed burial: effect of soil texture, rain and seed characteristics
Authors: Benvenuti Stefano 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTrials were carried out to investigate natural weed seed burial in a no-till agricultural system. With this aim, 30 important weed species were selected to explore if, and to what extent, seed vertical movement is conditioned by soil texture, cumulative rainfall or by seed characteristics. Without soil tillage, the vertical position of the seeds was only a few millimetres below the surface, but it was dependent on soil texture. Seed burial was much slower (and to lesser depths) in clay soils than in sandy soils. Seeds reached greater depths after 1 year in sandy soil (10% >6 mm) than in clay soils (2% >6 mm). Burial dynamics were also influenced by rainfall and seed weight. The amount of rain necessary to halve weed seeds observable on the soil surface was a function of the soil texture and seed weight; linear regressions between total rainfall amounts and seed weight showed that the slope of the relationship increased as the sand component of the soil decreased (21.1, 35.4 and 39.4 in sandy, loam and silty-clay soil, respectively). A polynomial regression, carried out in sandy soil, between 1000-seed weight and their burial capacity showed an inverse relation (P>0.05) between these two parameters. Seed shape and coat microsculpture also influenced movement, but only minimally.
The effects of hybridization on the small-scale variation in seed-bank composition of a rare plant species,Erica ciliarisL.
Authors: Rose R.J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe size and composition of the seed bank of a rare species (Erica ciliarisL.) was analysed.E. ciliarishybridizes with a common relative in southern England (Erica tetralix). The seed banks of these co-occurring species were measured at a number of sites with a range of vegetation types and different management histories. Additional sets of samples were taken from forestry plantations on former heathland sites, where these species were known to occur. Relatively few hybrid seedlings were found in any of the seed-bank samples, even though their vegetative abundance within the sampling areas was equal to that of the pure plants. However, the abundance in the vegetation of the two pure species was reflected in the seed-bank size on each of the vegetation types, both with and without burning management. The seed banks from the forestry plantations show that the numbers of seeds of bothE. tetralixand the hybrid were depleted, but that the seed bank ofE. ciliariswas not significantly different from that of open heathland seed banks. The long-lived nature of the seed bank indicates that there are opportunities for habitat restoration on former heathland sites.
Endogenous abscisic acid and precocious germination of developing soybean seeds
Authors: Gosparini Carlos O. , Busilacchi Hector A. , Vernieri Paolo , Morandi Eligio N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe germination of developing seeds is very uncommon and is generally associated with deficiencies in abscisic acid (ABA) synthesis or sensitivity. This paper examines the quantitative relationship between the inhibition of precocious germination and endogenous ABA in the embryonic axis (ABAa) of hydrated soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds, isolated after the completion of histodifferentiation and before the beginning of dehydration, as well as the magnitude and evolution of axis sensitivity to endogenous ABA during that period. Developing seeds harvested at 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 d after anthesis (DAA) were subjected to incubation or washing to induce changes in ABA content. ABA content was measured by radioimmunoassay, using a monoclonal antibody against free ABA. Germinability was measured as the time to 50% germination (t50). Washing and incubation induced eight- and twofold increases, respectively, in the rate of ABAa decline compared with the in planta ABAa decline. The threshold ABAa for inhibition of precocious germination (ABAc) increased slightly from 25 to 40 DAA [1.15–1.66 μg ABA (g DW)− 1]. This contrasted with the substantial decline in ABAa [10.90–2.07 μg ABA (g DW)− 1] during the same period, and indicated that sensitivity to endogenous ABA of hydrated seeds was initially high and diminished slowly during development. The relationship between (ABAa–ABAc) and t50 was linear for immature seeds incubated before and after washing. Below the ABAc, there were no differences in the t50 of 25–45 DAA seeds. The ABAa contribution to the control of precocious soybean seed germination was evident, although other potentially interacting factors were also present.
The potential of the smoke-derived compound 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one as a priming agent for tomato seeds
Authors: Jain Neeru , Van Staden Johannes 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe stimulatory role of 3-methyl-2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-one, a smoke-derived butenolide, on germination and post-germination events is well documented. Previous studies have involved germinating seeds in the continuous presence of the compound. However, commercial growers cannot exploit the potential of the butenolide for large-scale production of crops due to limited availability and environmental constraints. The present study was undertaken to assess the potential of the butenolide as a priming agent of tomato (Solanum esculentumMill.) seeds. Flow cytometry data revealed that butenolide-primed seeds had a higher percentage of nuclei at the 4C stage than water-primed seeds. Emergence of the radicle was much faster in the primed seeds. After 36 h of imbibition, a higher percentage of the butenolide-primed seeds (22%) exhibited radicle emergence compared to the water-primed seeds (12%). While butenolide-primed seeds initially germinated more rapidly than either water-primed or unprimed seeds in a 48-h period, water-imbibed seeds reached a similar germination level as the butenolide-primed seeds by 60 h of incubation. The butenolide-primed seeds produced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) more vigorous seedlings than water-primed seeds or seeds in the continuous presence of either water or butenolide. A gradual decrease in the seedling vigour index was recorded for both water and butenolide-primed seeds with increased seed storage at room temperature. Nevertheless, the vigour index was significantly greater in the butenolide-primed seeds than the water-primed seeds. Vigour indices were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) higher for the butenolide-primed seeds under various stress conditions (salinity, osmoticum or temperature) compared to control or water-primed seeds. Results of the present study suggest that the butenolide is a good seed-priming agent. Additionally, primed seeds retained the promotive effect for a considerable time. This was also the case for tomato seeds under various simulated field stress conditions.
Equilibrium temperatures of porous spheres and their relevance to astrobiology
Authors: Coulson S.G. , Wickramasinghe N.C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEquilibrium temperatures are calculated for porous, organic spheres at a Solar distance of around 1 AU. It is found that the equilibrium temperature of porous grains is highly sensitive to their composition and radius. For porous organic grains of radius 0.1 μm the temperature ranges from 355 to 386 K as the porosity (vacuum volume fraction) increases from 0 to 0.9; for organic grains of radius 0.1 μm with 10% charring the corresponding range is from 448 to 431 K. Such superheated submicron grains, porous or otherwise, may have only a limited role as transporters of fragile biomolecules. Clumps of biological particles with radii in excess of 5 μm are, however, at low enough temperatures to permit such transport at 1 AU.
Darwin to the double helix: astrobiology in fiction
Authors: Brake Mark , Hook Neil 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFrom Darwin to the double helix, the last 150 years have seen revolutionary changes in our understanding of life in the Universe. In this time, works of science fiction have provided a valuable, and often overlooked, reflection of the assumptions and attitudes held by society to such changes. This paper will consider key works of film and fiction as a commentary on emergent features of astrobiology, including the work of Fred Hoyle, Olaf Stapledon's Last and First Men (1930) and Star Maker (1937), and Arthur C. Clarke and Stanley Kubrick's cinematic classic, 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968). These popular culture texts represent a useful and inspiring communication of science. Their critical discourse is the reducible gap between the new worlds uncovered by science and the fantastic strange worlds of the imagination. As such, they exemplify a way in which the culture and science of popular astrobiology can be fused.