bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of active cytomegalovirus infection on donor‐derived cell‐free DNA testing in heart transplant recipients
Authors: Alam Amit H. , Van Zyl Johanna , Shakoor Hira I. , Farsakh Dana , Abdelrehim Ahmad B. , Maliakkal Neville , Jamil Aayla K. , Patel Raksha , Felius Joost , McKean Staci , Hall Shelley A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLittle is known about the relationship between cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections and donor‐derived cell‐free DNA (dd‐cfDNA) in heart transplant recipients.MethodsIn our study, CMV and dd‐cfDNA results were prospectively collected on single‐organ heart transplant recipients. If the CMV study was positive, a CMV study with dd‐cfDNA was repeated 1‐3 months later. The primary aim was to compare dd‐cfDNA between patients with positive and negative CMV results.ResultsOf 44 patients enrolled between August 2022 and April 2023, 12 tested positive for CMV infections, 25 were included as controls, and seven patients with a viral infection without CMV were excluded. Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between CMV‐positive and CMV‐negative patients with the exception of a later median time post‐transplant in the CMV‐positive group (253 days vs. 120 days, p = .03). Dd‐cfDNA levels were significantly higher in patients with CMV infections compared to those without (p < .001) with more patients in the CMV positive group showing dd‐cfDNA results ≥.12% (75% vs. 8%, p < .001) and ≥.20% (58% vs. 8%, p = .002). Each 1 log10 copy/ml reduction in CMV viral load from visit 1 to visit 2 was associated with a.23% reduction in log10 dd‐cfDNA (p = .002).ConclusionOur findings suggest that active CMV infections may raise dd‐cfDNA levels in patients following heart transplantation. Larger studies are needed to validate these preliminary findings.
The fish–mangrove link is context dependent: Tidal regime and reef proximity determine the ecological role of tropical mangroves
Authors: Bradley Michael , Dubuc Alexia , Piggott Camilla V. H. , Sambrook Katie , Hoey Andrew S. , Depczynski Martial , Langlois Tim J. , Gagliano Monica , Wilson Shaun K. , Cure Katherine , Holmes Thomas H. , Moore Glenn I. , Travers Michael , Baker Ronald , Nagelkerken Ivan , Sheaves Marcus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTropical mangroves are known to support fish production, but natural variability in the link between mangrove habitats and fish populations undermines our ability to manage, conserve and restore this ecological relationship. This is largely due to undefined context‐dependence in the use of mangroves by fish. We collected a spatially extensive dataset of 494 mangrove fish assemblages using standardised Remote Underwater Video surveys of mangrove edge habitats from five environmentally heterogenous regions in the Indo‐Pacific. We used machine learning methods to define contextual limits of the use of mangroves by reportedly mangrove‐affiliated fish. We found that tidal range and proximity to coral reefs were the most important contextual predictors of the use of mangroves by most taxa. We established data‐driven threshold values for important contextual predictors of the use of mangroves by fish, offering new insights into the variable role played by tropical mangroves in supporting fish life histories. Where mangroves occur as part of reef seascapes in regions with limited tidal range (<1.5 m), they appear to serve an important juvenile habitat function for a wide spectrum of reef fish. In regions with substantially larger tidal ranges, mangroves appear to only support certain reef species with coastal life histories. Coastal and estuary fish were able to use mangroves in a wide variety of non‐reef contexts. We demonstrate that key thresholds in environmental context can govern the functional role of mangroves, with strong implications for the role of other habitats in coastal seascapes.
For critical geo‐histories of population. Engaging geographically with Massimo Livi Bacci's works
Authors: Ferretti Federico 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper aims at calling geographers' attention to the works of Italian historical demographer Massimo Livi Bacci, who authored fundamental texts on the indigenous genocide in the Americas, on the history of world population, on global migrations and on population's environmental ‘sustainability’. In denouncing colonial crimes, critically questioning commonplaces of Malthusian origin and challenging sovereignist prejudices against migrations, Livi Bacci stresses the need for scholars to fully address the complex relations between space and population in both analyses of empirical cases and elaborations of broader theoretical models. He explicitly raises geopolitical matters on the potential political consequences of demographic and migratory dynamics. Yet, Livi Bacci's huge scholarly production is highly influential among historians and demographers, but seems to have been overlooked by most geographers hitherto. For these reasons, I argue that scholars committed to critical, radical and decolonial geographies of population (past and present) should (re)discover Livi Bacci's contributions. Re‐reading Livi Bacci's works through geographical lenses and connecting them with current geographical scholarship, I show how ‘geo‐demography’ can help geographers to address demographic matters at different scales, by providing insights for a new critical geo‐history of population. This interdisciplinary engagement with the relations between geopolitical matters on sustainability and the ongoing changing in global population has the potential to plurally nourish critical geographical agendas, including on global migrations and colonial legacies.
Insect biomass shows a stronger decrease than species richness along urban gradients
Authors: Svenningsen Cecilie S. , Peters Birte , Bowler Diana E. , Dunn Robert R. , Bonn Aletta , Tøttrup Anders P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Anthropogenic land cover change is a major driver of biodiversity loss, with urbanisation and farmland practices responsible for some of the most drastic modifications of natural habitats. The relative importance of different land covers for shaping insect communities, however, is unclear.
This study examines the effect of urban and farmland covers, along with land cover heterogeneity, at a landscape scale on species richness, evenness and biomass of flying insects using citizen science carnet sampling across Denmark.
Increasing urban cover had a negative effect on insect richness but an even stronger negative effect on biomass. Increased land cover heterogeneity did not mitigate the negative effect of urban cover. Insect assemblages also became more even with increased urban cover. Farmland cover had no significant effect on insect richness, evenness or biomass.
Based on our findings, the urban cover has a strong negative impact on insect communities, indicating that urbanisation could contribute to insect declines. Moreover, our findings indicate that insect loss occurs more through loss of biomass than loss of species, which may affect the ecosystem‐level consequences of urbanisation.
The potential of iNaturalist for bee conservation research—A study case in a southern Brazilian metropolis
Authors: Pereira Felipe Walter , Zamoner Maristela , Gonçalves Rodrigo Barbosa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Citizen science can expand our knowledge of biodiversity and enhance conservation programs by adding species records and associated data. This is the case for bees—the main group of pollinators—with millions of observations on iNaturalist.
Here we ask if spontaneous observations made by citizen scientists on this platform provide a good picture of bee diversity in terms of taxonomic coverage (i.e., proportion of different subfamilies, tribes, genera and species), identification acuity (i.e., correct identification and at what taxonomic level) and taxonomic diversity. For this purpose, we compare iNaturalist observations with a dataset from a structured local survey for Curitiba, a city of 2 million inhabitants in southern Brazil.
The search on iNaturalist resulted in 496 bee observations of 52 species, a richness similar to the most urbanised sampling site from the local survey. Highly eusocial and large bees are, proportionally, more frequently observed by citizens than sampled by professionals. Three citizen observers were responsible for more than 50% of the observations in iNaturalist. About 45% of species were correctly identified and this number increased up to 85% after our validation.
We perceive that the spontaneous, non‐structured, observations on iNaturalist bring a biased representation of the bee fauna when compared to the structured local survey. However, the platform shows a great potential to monitor large bodied and eusocial bees, including rare and non‐native species; thus, it may be valuable for bee surveying, monitoring and conservation.
Urbanization reduces Orthoptera diversity and changes community structure towards mobile species
Authors: Pernat Nadja , Buchholz Sascha , Schirmel Jens 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Urban land use is regarded as one major driver for insect declines worldwide. We investigated how Orthoptera diversity and traits respond to the urban matrix and local vegetation parameters.
Orthoptera were collected using a combined method of box‐quadrat sampling and pitfall trapping. We sampled 42 dry grasslands in Berlin, Germany, along gradients of urbanization (measured as proportion of sealed surface in the surrounding of the sites) and connectivity. We further included patch size and local vegetation parameters (plant richness, total vegetation cover, herb cover, neophyte cover) in our models.
Urbanization was the main driver explaining Orthoptera species richness, Simpson diversity and functional diversity (functional dispersion), which all decreased with increasing proportion of sealed surface in the surrounding. Urbanization also influenced the Orthoptera species composition. Thereby, functional trait analyses revealed that the urban matrix acted as a habitat filter sorting towards mobile species. However, responses of the most common species showed that the effects of the urban matrix and vegetation parameters were species specific.
Our results demonstrate predominantly negative effects of urbanization on Orthoptera diversity. Nevertheless, urban environments can provide important habitats, in particular for mobile species. Even small and isolated patches of dry grasslands can contribute to Orthoptera conservation in cities.
The impact of lay elitism on preference and choice inconsistency in consumption across cultures
Authors: Kwan Letty Y.‐Y. , Hung Yu‐Sheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present study examined the influence of lay elitism on preference and choice inconsistency in consumer choices across cultures. Four studies were conducted to understand this phenomenon. In Study 1, we showed that Mainland Chinese high in the belief in lay elitism displays more preference and choice inconsistency across product categories. In Study 2, we found the reverse effect for Caucasian Americans. In Study 3, Mainland Chinese belief in lay elitism is associated with their preference and choice inconsistency over geometric patterns and, at the same time, increased the consistency between their choice and the anticipated elites' choice of these geometric patterns. Lastly, Study 4 showed that in a cross‐cultural study, Mainland Chinese participants' endorsement of lay elitism is associated with a higher level of preference and choice inconsistency, but the reverse pattern is observed for Caucasian Americans. Furthermore, cultural values (i.e., individualism and collectivism) fail to explain the differences in preference and choice consistency across cultures. The paper offers a new perspective in using lay elitism across cultures to understand preference and choice inconsistency in consumer behavior.
The early history of dengue in Australia
Authors: Aaskov John , Shanks G. Dennis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough reports of outbreaks of dengue‐like diseases in the Asia Pacific region were frequent from about 1870, the disease probably did not become endemic in Australia until about 1885. Several seminal discoveries about this disease were made in Queensland and later in Sydney. These included a refined case definition for dengue, identification of the mosquito vector, demonstration of a viraemia and its duration, quantification of the incubation time, demonstration of immunity after experimental infection and recognition that the virus could cause a fatal haemorrhagic fever, and this was more frequent in second or subsequent infections. Australian research was foundational to the modern understanding of dengue.
Weak phylogenetic effect on specialist plant assemblages and their persistence on habitat islands
Authors: Klimeš Adam , Molina‐Venegas Rafael , Carta Angelino , Chytrý Milan , Conti Luisa , Götzenberger Lars , Hájek Michal , Horsák Michal , Jiménez‐Alfaro Borja , Klimešová Jitka , Méndez‐Castro Francisco E. , Zelený David , Ottaviani Gianluigi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe influence of species phylogenetic relatedness on the formation of insular assemblages remains understudied in functional island biogeography, especially for terrestrial habitat islands (i.e. distinct habitat patches embedded in a matrix that differ in the prevailing environmental conditions). Here, we tested three eco‐evolutionary hypotheses: (1) functional specialization of species (i.e. specialism) is associated with phylogenetic clustering at the habitat archipelago scale, (2) such clustering increases with insularity at the habitat island scale and (3) traits indicative of effective local persistence strategies shape island specialism.LocationTerrestrial habitat islands, Europe (Fens in the Western Carpathians, Outcrops in Moravia and Mountaintops in the Cantabrian Range).TaxonAngiosperms.MethodsWe assessed the phylogenetic relatedness of habitat specialists in three different archipelagos composed of terrestrial habitat islands based on phylogenetic signals and phylogenetic diversity (PD) measures. We estimated the effect of insularity on PD using linear models and the effect of persistence traits on specialism using phylogenetic logistic regressions.ResultsOur hypotheses were largely not supported. Outcrop and mountaintop specialist assemblages did not exhibit any phylogenetic structuring, whereas fen specialists were clustered at the archipelago scale. Therefore, insularity seems not to act as a selective force for phylogenetic structure, and ecologically important persistence traits do not operate as precursors of specialism.Main ConclusionsOur results show that species phylogenetic relatedness plays a minor role in shaping habitat island specialist assemblages. Furthermore, the effects of phylogenetic relatedness on assemblages of island specialists are system and scale dependent. Finally, accounting for species' phylogenetic relatedness on persistence traits yielded results similar to previous studies, which corroborates the positive relationship between insularity and functional traits (indicative of enhanced plant persistence abilities with increasing within‐archipelago insularity).
The role of serotonin in depression—A historical roundup and future directions
Authors: Bremshey Svenja , Groß Juliana , Renken Kim , Masseck Olivia Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDepression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders worldwide, affecting approximately 280 million people, with probably much higher unrecorded cases. Depression is associated with symptoms such as anhedonia, feelings of hopelessness, sleep disturbances, and even suicidal thoughts. Tragically, more than 700 000 people commit suicide each year. Although depression has been studied for many decades, the exact mechanisms that lead to depression are still unknown, and available treatments only help a fraction of patients. In the late 1960s, the serotonin hypothesis was published, suggesting that serotonin is the key player in depressive disorders. However, this hypothesis is being increasingly doubted as there is evidence for the influence of other neurotransmitters, such as noradrenaline, glutamate, and dopamine, as well as larger systemic causes such as altered activity in the limbic network or inflammatory processes. In this narrative review, we aim to contribute to the ongoing debate on the involvement of serotonin in depression. We will review the evolution of antidepressant treatments, systemic research on depression over the years, and future research applications that will help to bridge the gap between systemic research and neurotransmitter dynamics using biosensors. These new tools in combination with systemic applications, will in the future provide a deeper understanding of the serotonergic dynamics in depression.image
Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of Turkish bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties to stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici)
Authors: Cat Ahmet 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWheat stripe rust, which is caused by the basidiomycetes fungal pathogen Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici (Pst), is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat in Türkiye and worldwide. In this study, a total of 99 bread wheat varieties were assessed at the adult plant stage under natural infection conditions during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 growing seasons. Additionally, specific molecular markers were used to genotype the stripe rust resistance genes Yr26, Yr32, Yr36, Yr44 and YrSP. Disease severity was determined using the modified Cobb scale and infection reactions of each bread wheat varieties were evaluated, and also coefficient of infection value was calculated based on those parameters. To determine whether the wheat varieties had resistance gene(s), specific molecular markers associated with the resistance genes Yr26, Yr32, Yr36, Yr44 and YrSP were used. In the field trials, the majority of the tested varieties showed moderately susceptible and susceptible reactions in both years. According to the molecular results, they were positive for Yr32 in three varieties, Yr36 in 25 varieties, YrSP in two varieties and none of them had Yr26. Furthermore, some varieties carried combinations of these genes, such as Yr32 + Yr36, Yr32 + Yr44, Yr36 + Yr44, Yr36 + YrSP, Yr32 + Yr36 + Yr44 and Yr32 + Yr36 + Yr44 + YrSP. On the other hand, it was not determined these resistance genes in 16 varieties. In the literature, these resistance genes were first identified in Turkish bread wheat varieties. In addition, these findings are valuable for the development of wheat cultivars with effective and more durable resistance to stripe rust in Türkiye.
Mental age and intellectual disability: Psychologists' perspectives on the use of the term ‘mental age’ as it relates to adults with an intellectual disability
Authors: Rogers Elaine M. , McGuire Brian E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the growing international move away from the term ‘mental age’, the term continues to be used in some settings with adults with an intellectual disability. Arguably, the construct of ‘mental age’ conflicts with current rights‐based approaches yet its continued use suggests that it may have certain utilities. This study aimed to explore the use of the construct of mental age in the context of supporting adults with an intellectual disability in Ireland, and its perceived value and limitations in clinical practice. Forty‐three psychologists in Ireland responded to a 10‐item online survey using a mix of closed and open‐ended questions. Descriptive statistics were used and analysis was informed by reflexive thematic analysis. Twenty of the 43 respondents reported that mental age continues to be used in clinical practice. Analysis was informed by reflexive thematic analysis and identified five main themes: (1) negative connotations, (2) inconsistent with best practice, (3) supporting the person with an intellectual disability, (4) communicating about the person with intellectual disability and (5) moving on from mental age. The findings suggest that this construct is considered problematic and limited in its meaning and while there is a desire for change, there are challenges in finding an alternative method of communicating information about ability in a brief and easily understood way.
Experimental warming has limited impacts on post‐fire succession across a burn severity gradient
Authors: Taber Ethan M. , Mitchell Rachel M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuestionsAnthropogenic climate change is causing increases in the severity of wildland fire in many parts of the world. At the same time, post‐fire succession is occurring under new, warmer temperatures that are projected to continue increasing. Despite this, the combined effects of uncharacteristically high burn severity and increased ambient temperature on post‐fire community composition remain poorly understood. We ask how post‐fire forest understorey community composition and species richness are influenced by (1) burn severity, (2) experimental warming, and (3) years since fire.LocationMuseum Fire Scar, Pinus ponderosa forest, Arizona, United States.MethodsWe established 120 1‐m2 quadrats in unburned, low‐ and high‐severity locations nine months after a mixed‐severity fire. Half of the plots were subject to experimental warming via open‐top warming chambers that elevated daytime temperatures by 1.079°C, simulating near‐term anthropogenic warming. Plant composition data were collected annually for three years. Relationships between community composition, burn severity, and experimental warming were analyzed using repeated‐measures PERMANOVA and linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsComposition differed significantly according to burn severity, time since fire, and their interaction, while experimental warming did not significantly influence composition. Species richness significantly increased in burned areas compared to unburned control within two years of fire.ConclusionsOur results suggest that near‐term temperature increases, driven by anthropogenic climate change, will have little effect on community composition relative to fire severity. High‐severity fire drove large, rapid changes in plant composition compared to unburned controls, favoring exotic annuals in a historically perennial‐dominated plant community.
Adult Learners Self‐Derive New Knowledge through Integration of Novel Information and Prior Knowledge and Are more Successful with Reactivation
Authors: Chakraborty Jayantika , Esposito Alena G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelf‐derivation through integration is the process of integrating novel facts and producing new knowledge never directly taught. Knowledge integration has been studied with the presentation of two novel facts. However, in educational settings, individuals are required to integrate new information with prior knowledge learned days, months, or years earlier. Prior knowledge robustly predicts learning outcomes, but less is known about self‐derivation through the integration of new information with prior knowledge. Thus, in Study 1, we examined adults' (n = 25) memory integration of new facts with prior knowledge. The participants had 52% accuracy in self‐derivation. In Study 2 (n = 86), we examined whether reactivating prior knowledge before the novel fact presentation facilitated self‐derivation through integration with prior knowledge. Results indicated that performance was significantly higher for those whose prior knowledge was directly reactivated (55% accuracy) in comparison with the control group (42%). Pedagogical implications are discussed.