bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Difference in prevalence of human papillomavirus genotypes in cytomorphologically normal cervical smears is associated with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Van Den Brule Adriaan J. C. , Walboomers Jan M. M. , Maine Marc Du , Kenemans Peter , Meijer Chris J. L. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotypes was investigated by the pofymerase chain reaction (PCR) method in cytologically normal and abnormal cervical scrapes obtained from asymptomatic women (n = 1,346), participating in a triennial screening program for cervical cancer, and from a gynecological outpatient population (n = 593). In the symptom‐free population oncogenic HPV types 16, 18, 31 and 33 were present in 1.5% of cytologically normal scrapes, while the overall HPV prevalence rate was 3.5%. Significantly, higher HPV prevalence rates of 7% (oncogenic HPV; p < 0.01) and 14% (all HPV; p < 0.01), respectively, were found in cytologically normal scrapes of the gynecologic outpatient population. It appeared that in this outpatient group 78% of the smears containing HPV 16 and 18 were associated with a history of cervical pathology, i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade I to III. In smears with mild and severe dysplasia and smears suspected of carcinoma in situ from both populations, the overall HPV prevalence was 70%, 84% and 100%, respectively. In all squamous‐cell carcinomas of the cervix (n = 50) HPV was detected. Frequencies of HPV 16 and 18 increased from 41% in mild dysplasia to 94% in cervical carcinomas. Since a low prevalence of HPV was found in cytomorphologically normal cervices of women without a clinico‐pathological history, the findings in this study suggest that HPV detection in population‐based screening programs for cervical neoplasia can be an important tool in identifying women who are at risk of developing dysplasia and cervical cancer.
Carcinoembryonic antigen regulation in human colorectal tumor cells by a site‐selective cyclic amp analogue: A comparison with interferon‐gamma
Authors: Guadagni Fiorella , Tortora Giampaolo , Roselli Mario , Clair Tim , Cho‐Chung Yoon Sang , Schlom Jeffrey , Greiner John W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of human colorectal tumor cells (LS174T, HT29, and WIDr) with analogues of cyclic AMP (cAMP) (dibutyryl‐cAMP and 8‐Cl‐cAMP) selectively enhances the expression of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Dose and temporal kinetics results revealed that 8‐Cl‐cAMP was approximately 100‐fold more potent than dibutyryl‐cAMP for increasing CEA expression. Results demonstrated that 8‐Cl‐cAMP treatment of LS174T quantitatively increased CEA levels in cell extracts 2‐fold, increased anti‐CEA monoclonal antibody (MAb) binding to the tumor cell surface, and induced the appearance of CEA‐related mRNA transcripts. The findings suggest that 8‐Cl‐cAMP is capable of regulating CEA expression at transcriptional and/or post‐transcriptlonal levels. Other human tumor cells, as well as normal cell types which do not constitutively express CEA, remained CEA‐negative following 8‐Cl‐cAMP treatment. Moreover, the level of expression of other human tumor antigens as well as antigens of the major histocompatibility complex were not changed by 8‐Cl‐cAMP treatment, suggesting some selectivity for CEA regulation by this cAMP analogue. In vivo administration of 8‐Cl‐cAMP to athymic mice bearing LS174T tumor xenografts increased the amount of anti‐CEA MAb bound to tumor extracts as well as the tumor localization of a radlonuclideconjugated anti‐CEA MAb. The results indicate that 8‐Cl‐cAMP can selectively upregulate CEA expression on human colorectal tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, IFN‐γ treatment of the LS174T cells falls to enhance or induce expression of CEA or any of the histocompatibility leukocyte antigens. Thus, 8‐Cl‐cAMP treatment regulates CEA expression through another cellular pathway which may involve cAMP‐dependent protein kinase.
Analysis of abnormal expression of G‐CSF gene in a novel tumor cell line (KHC 287) elaborating G‐CSF, IL‐1 and IL‐6 with co‐amplification of c‐myc and c‐ki‐ras
Authors: Suzuki Akira , Takahashi Takayuki , Okuno Yoshiaki , Nakamura Kishiko , Tashiro Hironori , Fukumoto Manabu , Konaka Yoshiteru , Imura Hiroo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe established a human carcinoma cell line (KHC 287) from a patient with large‐cell‐type lung carcinoma associated with marked leukocytosis. The culture supernatant of KHC 287 cells promoted granulocytic colony formation of human bone‐marrow cells in semi‐solid culture. Colony formation was almost completely suppressed by treatment of the supernatant with a monoclonal anti‐granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) antibody. Not only G‐CSF but also interleukin‐la (IL‐1 a), IL‐Iβ and IL‐6 were detected in the culture supernatant by an ELISA method. Northern blot analysis of KHC 287 cells revealed distinct expression of these cvtokine genes. Southern blot hybridization of KHC 287 DNA snowed 20‐ and 40‐fold co‐amplification of c‐myc and c‐ki‐ras, respectively. The chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) activity was distinctly enhanced in the KHC 287 cells which were transfected with the 360 bp upstream region of G‐CSF gene inserted into pSVOOCAT, but not in non‐G‐CSF‐producing tumor cell lines. These results suggest that overproduction of the transactivating factor(s) which binds to the 360 bp of the G‐CSF upstream region is responsible for the abnormal expression of G‐CSF gene in KHC 287 cell line.
New stable butyrate derivatives alter proliferation and differentiation in human mammary cells
Authors: Planchon P. , Raux H. , Magnien V. , Ronco G. , Villa P. , Crépin M. , Brouty‐Boyé D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo new butyric esters which were devised to extend the half‐life of n‐butyric acid in vivo, were used to study their effects on a number of phenotypic characteristics including cell morphology, cell proliferation, colony formation, cell‐surface antigen and estrogen receptor expression in 3 normal immortalized cell lines and 2 carcinoma cell lines derived from the human mammary gland. When treated with butyric esters, human mammary cells acquired numerous cytoplasmic granules and vacuoles, reminiscent of secretory functions, and increased In volume. Modulation of the expression of membrane‐associated antigens recognized by the monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) 115D8, 140C1 and 125B5 was also observed. Furthermore, butyrate derivatives inhibited the proliferation of all the cell lines tested and the colony‐forming capacity of those that grew in soft agar. The inhibitory effects were, however, reversible upon removal of butyric esters from the culture medium. In the human breast carcinoma cell line, MCF‐7, in which the cytostatic effects of butyric esters were the most pronounced, cells accumulated in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. This cell line was the only one to contain estrogen receptors which decreased in number when treated with butyric esters without any modification in their binding affinity. Moreover, the stimulatory effects of estrogen on MCF‐7 cell proliferation were antagonized by butyric esters. Our results demonstrate that many of the proliferative and differentiation changes previously reported for n‐butyrates in tumor cells are similarly produced by the new stable butyrate derivatives in normal and malignant human mammary cell lines.
Diet, alcohol consumption and reproductive factors in a case‐control study of breast cancer in Moscow
Authors: Zaridze David , Lifanova Yelena , Maximovitch Dmitrii , Day Nicholas E. , Duffy Stephen W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case‐control study was conducted in Moscow to assess the effect of diet on risk of breast cancer, and also to study the established reproductive risk factors. A notable finding of the study, which covered 139 case‐control pairs matched by age and neighbourhood, is that dietary factors are more important for post‐menopausal than for pre‐menopausal breast cancer. The decreased risk of post‐menopausal breast cancer was associated with high intakes of cellulose (OR 0.04; 95% CI 0.01–0.31), mono‐ and disaccharides (OR 0.02; 95% CI 0.002–0.27), vitamin C (OR 0.20; 95% CI 0.06–0.70), beta‐carotene (OR 0.09; 95% CI 0.02–0.49), and also polyunsaturated fatty acids (OR 0.14; 95% CI 0.03–0.69). High intakes of total fat resulted in a statistically non‐significant decrease in the odds ratio (OR 0.52; 95% CI 0.04–6.99), while saturated fats slightly increased the risk of breast cancer (OR 1.67; 95% CI 0.24–11.78). Protein intake was also associated with increased risk of breast cancer (OR 4.62; 95% CI 0.69–30.70). Alcohol use significantly increased the risk of breast cancer in post‐menopausal women (OR 3.39; 95% CI 1.37–4.38). In general, the results of our study indicate that high risk of breast cancer is associated with high intakes of nutrients derived from animal products, and low risk with high intake of those from vegetables and fruits.
Cloning and characterization of human papillomavirus type 52 from cervical carcinoma in Indonesia
Authors: Takami Yasunari , Kondoh Gen , Saito Junko , Noda Kiichiro , Sudiro Tjahjani Mirawati , Sjahrurachman Agus , Warsa Usman Chatib , Yutsudo Masuo , Hakura Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman papillomavirus (HPV) type 52 from a cervical carcinoma in Indonesia was molecularly cloned and characterized. By hybridization with cervical carcinoma DNAs from Indonesian patients, HPV 52 was detected in 3 of 52 cases (6%), whereas HPV 16 and 18 were detected in 8 and 7 cases, respectively (15% and 13%). Sequence analysis revealed that the E6‐E7 ORFs contained several DNA binding motifs (Cys‐X‐X‐Cys) like previously sequenced HPVs. The E6 ORF also contained splice donor and acceptor signals, which may allow the expression of E6* protein. The E7 ORF encoded an amino acid sequence that is conserved in some DNA tumor viruses and is involved in binding to Rb protein and in cellular transformation. Transfection of a subgenomic fragment of HPV 52 under the control of a heterologous promoter showed that the E7 ORF alone induced anchorage‐independent growth of established rodent cells and immortalized primary rat embryo fibroblasts (REF), and that In cooperation with activated ras, it induced malignant transformation of REF. The E6 ORF also induced, less efficiently, anchorage‐independent growth. These results strongly suggest that HPV 52, like HPV 16 and 18, has oncogenic potential.
Intake of foods and nutrients and cancer of the exocrine pancreas: A population‐based case‐control study in the Netherlands
Authors: De Mesquita H. B. Bueno , Maisonneuve P. , Runia S. , Moerman C. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring 1984–88 a population‐based case‐control study was carried out in the Netherlands In collaboration with the International Agency for Research on Cancer in order to investigate the role of diet in exocrine pancreatic carcinoma. A semi‐quantitative food‐frequency questionnaire was used to comprehensively assess usual diet about I year prior to diagnosis of 164 cases or interview of 480 controls. More than half of the cases were directly interviewed. After controlling for age, gender, response status, life‐time cigarette consumption and dietary intake of total energy, monotonic, significantly inverse dose‐response effects with estimates of daily consumption of vegetables were found. The significant inverse effect of total cooked vegetables was primarily concentrated in cruciferous vegetables. Consumption of fresh vegetables was also significantly and inversely related to risk. A monotonic, positive dose‐response gradient was seen for the consumption of eggs, while consumption of fish was significantly related to risk as well. Among direct respondents, significantly inverse relationships were found for the consumption of legumes, tomatoes, cheese and fermented milk products. Inverse associations with consumption of (subgroups of) fruits were observed in women only. The monotonic, significantly inverse relationship for consumption of low‐fibre vegetables and the somewhat weaker, inverse association for high‐fibre vegetables in directly interviewed subjects only, may point to protective agents other than vegetable fibre. Although intake of dietary fibre and beta‐carotene were both inversely related to risk, simultaneous estimation suggested that beta‐carotene or other as yet unknown correlated constituents, rather than dietary fibre, might explain the inverse relationships. A significant protective effect of vitamin C was demonstrated in women but not in men. Our study suggests that, independent of smoking and dietary intake of total energy, low consumption of specific vegetables and possibly fermented milk products and high consumption of eggs and fish may have influenced the development of exocrine pancreatic cancer.
Constitutive expression and secretion of proteases in non‐metastatic SP1 mammary carcinoma cells and its metastatic sublines
Authors: Korczak Bozena , Kerbel Robert S. , Dennis James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMalignant tumors are generally characterized by extensive local tissue invasion and destruction of ECM which may be due to increased constitutive expression and activity of secreted proteases. Moreover, a large number of diverse protease activities may be constitutively over‐expressed in a simultaneous or co‐ordinated fashion, thereby significantly increasing cellular invasive potential of the cells. To explore this relationship, we have measured steady‐state levels of mRNA coding for uroklnase plasminogen activator (uPA), tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), transin and tissue‐specific inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMP); as well as gelatinolytic, caseinolytic and plasminogen activator activities secreted by SPI, a non‐metastatic mouse mammary carcinoma cell line and 4 metastatic sublines derived from it. mRNA encoding metalloproteinase transin was increased 15‐ to 20‐fold, while TIMP transcripts were decreased 3‐fold in the metastatic sublines compared to parental SPI tumor cells. Metastatic sublines secreted higher levels of gelatinase (i.e., 92 kDa and 64 kDa) as well as proteases with caseinolytic activity (i.e., 115 kDa and 57 kDa) when compared with SPI cells. Moreover, these enzymes were identified as neutral metalloproteinases. Although the amount of uPA mRNA appeared to be the same in SPI and the metastatic sublines, the latter secreted 1.5–3 times more uPA activity into the culture supernatants. Metastatic competence in the SPI tumor model is therefore associated with increased secretion of several metalloproteinase activities and uPA, as well as decreased TIMP expression, consistent with a more invasive phenotype.
Effect of macrophages on interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)‐ and IL‐4‐induced murine lymphokine‐activated killer activity
Authors: Tunru Insan S. , Suzuki Hidehiko , Yano Saburo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe enhancing effect of macrophages on interleukin‐2 (IL‐2)‐ and IL‐4‐induced murine lymphokine‐activated killer (LAK) activity was investigated in this study. Peritoneal macrophages significantly enhanced LAK activity generated from accessory cell‐depleted splenic lymphocytes in both IL‐2 and IL‐4 cultures. This effect was dependent on the number of macrophages and was not replaced by a factor derived from macrophages or lymphocytes. Macrophages enhanced IL‐2‐ and IL‐4‐induced LAK activity against both natural killer (NK)‐sensltive (YAC‐1, P388D1) and NK‐resistant (P815) tumor cells. Negative selection or cells with antibodies and complement showed no differences in surface markers between IL‐2 LAK effectors and IL‐4 LAK effectors generated in the presence of macrophages. These results suggest that the same LAK effector subsets can be enhanced by macrophages In either IL‐2 or IL‐4 cultures.
Suppression of the translocated myc gene and expression of intracisternal A‐particle genes in tumorigenic and non‐tumorigenic hybrids between murine myeloma and normal fibroblasts
Authors: Laskov Reuven , Sharir Hava , Tzieger‐Dickbuch Sara , Hijazzi Mohammad , Greenberg Aviva , Ber Rosalie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have studied the tumorigenlc potential of a series of Independent intraspecies hybrid clones derived from fusion of murine myeloma (BALB/c) and normal fibroblasts (C3H). All of these hybrids grew as adherent cells and thus resembled the fibroblast phenotype. As judged by chromosome enumeration, these hybrids appear to retain the full complement of their parental cells. Three out of 4 hybrids tested were able to form colonies in soft agar and to grow as tumors in either nude or (BALB/c ± C3H) F1 mice, albeit at a reduced rate. The 4th hybrid did not grow in agar, was non‐tumorigenic and may have had a 2:1 fibroblast to myeloma genomic equivalence ratio. In contrast to the parental myeloma cells, all the hybrids exhibited restricted growth rates in serum‐free medium. As in our previous sets of hybrids formed between myeloma and L‐cells, expression of the Ig genes was inhibited in the new hybrids and the derived tumors. The constitutive expression of the translocated myc gene in the myeloma parental cells was decreased in the hybrids and in all their derived tumors. In contrast, all of the hybrid cell lines and the tumors express high levels of the intracisternal A particle mRNAs. Our results show that the tumorigenic phenotype of myeloma cells is either fully or partially suppressed in myeloma ± fibroblast hybrids and that this may be due to the fact that expression of the translocated c‐myc is suppressed. We suggest that, in addition to the translocated myc gene, myeloma cells contain other activated oncogene(s), and that the latter are responsible for the residual tumorigenic potential of the myeloma × fibroblast hybrids.
Pharmacokinetics and intracellular distribution of the tumor‐targeted radiopharmaceutical m‐iodo‐benzylguanidine in SK‐N‐SH neuroblastoma and PC‐12 pheochromocytoma cells
Authors: Smets Lou A. , Janssen Manon , Rutgers Marja , Ritzen Karin , Buitenhuis Corine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadioiodinated meta‐iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is increasingly used for the diagnosis and targeted radiotherapy of neuro‐adrenergic tumors. We have investigated various conditions for specific tumor loading and prolonged retention of this radiopharmaceutical in poorly differentiated SK‐N‐SH neuroblastoma and highly differentiated PC‐12 pheochromocytoma cells. At a constant value of drug concentration × incubation time, short incubations were superior to protracted incubations for maximal cell loading. This effect was most pronounced in the SH‐N‐SH neuroblastoma cells. In highly differentiated pheochromocytoma cells, the levels of MIBG storage remained high and unchanged during incubations up to 46 hr in label‐free medium, while primitive SK‐N‐SH cells lost 40–50% of accumulated drug by diffusion. In PC‐12 cells, susceptibility of stored MIBG to exocytotic release induced by acetylcholine or K+ was similar to that of natural norepinephrine (NE) and prevented by the Ca++ ‐channel blockers verapamil and nifedipine. Conversely, granule‐poor SK‐N‐SH cells were insensitive to exocytotic release of MIBG. Uptake and retention capacities were minimally impaired by an externally delivered radiation dose of 5 Gy to mimic the radiobiologicaf effect of 131I‐MIBG in tumors. In pre‐irradiated cultures, drug uptake was even stimulated, probably due to enrichment in non‐proliferating cells. An autoradiographic comparison of the (sub)cellular distributions of 3H‐noreplnephrine and 125I‐MIBG showed that routine conditions of cell fixation and sample processing do not yield reliable results regarding localization of MIBG.
Pigmentary and cutaneous risk factors for non‐melanocytic skin cancer—A case‐control study
Authors: Kricker Anne , Armstrong Bruce K. , English Dallas R. , Heenan Peter J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe roles of ethnic origin, pigmentray traits, sun sensitivity and other cutaneous characteristics as risk factors for basal‐cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous‐cell carcinoma (SCC) were examnied in a case‐control study of prevalent and incident cases of histopathologically confirmed skin cancers. Two hundred and twenty six confirmed cases of BCC, 45 of SCC and 1,015 controls with no lesions were identified in a population‐based survey of skin cancer in 1987 in Geralditon, Western Australia. The risk of both cancers was higher in nativeborn Australians than in migrants. The risk of BCC decreased with increasing age at arrival in Australia. Southern European ancestry was strongly protective against BCC (for any southern European grandparents) and SCC (no case of SCC had any granparetns of southern European origin). Inability to tan was the strongest pigmentary risk factor for both BCC and SCC. Among Factors that incorporated a measure of sun exposure as well as sun sensitivity, freckling on the arm in childhood was important for both cancers, the number of moles on the back was important for BCC, and forearm skin colour and having a permanent colour difference between the neck and adjacent protected areas were important for SCC. Among measures of sun damage to the skin, solar elastosis of the neck was a strong risk factor for both BCC and SCC, loss of fine texture of the sink of the back of the hands (as measured by cutaneous microtopography) was important for BCC and telangiectasia of the face for SCC. When all important variables for each cancer were examined together in a single model with age, sex, migrant status or age at arrival in Australia, and ethnicity, inability to tan, solar elastosis of the neck, and the number of moles on the back were independently significant risk factors for BCC and solar elatosis of the neck and having a permanent colour difference between the neck and adjacent protected areas were independently sifnificant risk factors for SCC. The effects of age at arrival or migrant status and ethnic origin remeained important on the models incorporating these factors. A history of ever having acne and a history of warts were protective for BCC and a history of acne was protective for SCC.
Prognostic significance of nuclear DNA content in human neuroepithelial tumors
Authors: Danova M. , Giaretti W. , Merlo F. , Mazzini G. , Gaetani P. , Geido E. , Gentile S. , Utti G. B. , di Vinci A. , Riccardi A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe relationship between survival and flow cytometric DNA‐ploidy and other prognostic factors such as histological subtype, anatomical tumor site, patient sex and age was investigated in 153 patients with intracranial neuroepithelial tumors who underwent surgical treatment. We found a trend toward poorer survival from anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas with respect to low‐grade (I and II) astrocytomas (which did not differ significantly); accordingly, patients were grouped into these 3 histologic subgroups. Thirty‐seven of the 153 tumors (24.2%) were aneuploid with a median DNA‐index (DI) of 1.3 (range: 1.2–2.0). DNA‐ploidy correlated with histology, since anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas were significantly (p = 0.041) more frequently aneuploid (around 30%) than low‐grade astrocytomas (around 10%). Patients with DNA‐aneuploid tumors (i.e., with DI # 1.00) survived for a shorter time (31.4 weeks) than patients with DNA diploid tumors (75.1 weeks) (p< 0.001). This difference was confirmed by Cox's multivariate analysis. Aneuploid tumors were associated with a poorer survival (p = .0002) when compared with diploid tumors, resulting in a relative risk point estimate (RR) of 2.41, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.55–3.74. Histological subtype was also significantly associated with survival (p< 0.0001), with RRs of 2.09, 95% CI = 1.13–3.86 and 3.59, 95% Cl = 1.96–4.59 for anaplastic astrocytomas and glioblastomas, respectively, compared to low‐grade astrocytomas. We therefore suggest that the flow cytometric measurement of DNA‐ploidy has relevant significance in predicting survival in patients treated for intracranial neuroepithelial tumors.