bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dogs on the move: Estimating the risk of rabies in imported dogs in the United States, 2015–2022
Authors: Pieracci Emily G. , Wallace Ryan , Maskery Brian , Brouillette Colleen , Brown Clive , Joo Heesoo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundDog‐mediated rabies virus variant (DMRVV), a zoonotic pathogen that causes a deadly disease in animals and humans, is present in more than 100 countries worldwide but has been eliminated from the United States since 2007. In the United States, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has recorded four instances of rabies in dogs imported from DMRVV‐enzootic countries since 2015. However, it remains uncertain whether the incidence of DMRVV among imported dogs from these countries significantly surpasses that of domestically acquired variants among domestic U.S. dogs.AimThis evaluation aimed to estimate the number of dogs imported from DMRVV‐enzootic countries and compare the risk of rabies between imported dogs and the U.S. domestic dog population.Materials and MethodsData from the CDC's dog import permit system (implemented during 2021 under a temporary suspension of dog importation from DMRVV‐enzootic countries) and U.S. Customs and Border Protection's Automated Commercial Environment system, each of which records a segment of dogs entering the U.S. from DMRVV‐enzootic countries, was analysed. Additionally, we estimated the incidence rate of rabies in dogs imported from DMRVV‐enzootic countries and compared it to the incidence rate within the general U.S. dog population, due to domestically acquired rabies variants, over the eight‐year period (2015–2022).ResultsAn estimated 72,589 (range, 62,660–86,258) dogs were imported into the United States annually between 2015 and 2022 from DMRVV‐enzootic countries. The estimated incidence rate of rabies was 16 times higher (range, 13.2–19.4) in dogs imported from DMRVV‐enzootic countries than that estimated for domestically acquired rabies in the general U.S. dog population.ConclusionsPreventing human exposure to dogs with DMRVV is a public health priority. The higher risk of rabies in dogs imported from DMRVV‐enzootic countries supports the need for importation requirements aimed at preventing the reintroduction of DMRVV into the United States.
Long‐time existence of Brownian motion on configurations of two landmarks
Authors: Habermann Karen , Harms Philipp , Sommer Stefan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study Brownian motion on the space of distinct landmarks in , considered as a homogeneous space with a Riemannian metric inherited from a right‐invariant metric on the diffeomorphism group. As of yet, there is no proof of long‐time existence of this process, despite its fundamental importance in statistical shape analysis, where it is used to model stochastic shape evolutions. We make some first progress in this direction by providing a full classification of long‐time existence for configurations of exactly two landmarks, governed by a radial kernel. For low‐order Sobolev kernels, we show that the landmarks collide with positive probability in finite time, whilst for higher‐order Sobolev and Gaussian kernels, the landmark Brownian motion exists for all times. We illustrate our theoretical results by numerical simulations.
Multigraded algebras and multigraded linear series
Authors: Cid‐Ruiz Yairon , Mohammadi Fatemeh , Monin Leonid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper is devoted to the study of multigraded algebras and multigraded linear series. For an ‐graded algebra , we define and study its volume function , which computes the asymptotics of the Hilbert function of . We relate the volume function to the volume of the fibers of the global Newton–Okounkov body of . Unlike the classical case of standard multigraded algebras, the volume function is not a polynomial in general. However, in the case when the algebra has a decomposable grading, we show that the volume function is a polynomial with nonnegative coefficients. We then define mixed multiplicities in this case and provide a full characterization for their positivity. Furthermore, we apply our results on multigraded algebras to multigraded linear series. Our work recovers and unifies recent developments on mixed multiplicities. In particular, we recover results on the existence of mixed multiplicities for (not necessarily Noetherian) graded families of ideals and on the positivity of the multidegrees of multiprojective varieties.
External validation and application of the Diabetes Population Risk Tool (DPoRT) for prediction of type 2 diabetes onset in the US population
Authors: Kornas Kathy , Tait Christopher , Negatu Ednah , Rosella Laura C 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionCharacterizing diabetes risk in the population is important for population health assessment and diabetes prevention planning. We aimed to externally validate an existing 10-year population risk model for type 2 diabetes in the USA and model the population benefit of diabetes prevention approaches using population survey data.Research design and methodsThe Diabetes Population Risk Tool (DPoRT), originally derived and validated in Canada, was applied to an external validation cohort of 23 477 adults from the 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). We assessed predictive performance for discrimination (C-statistic) and calibration plots against observed incident diabetes cases identified from the NHIS 2009–2018 cycles. We applied DPoRT to the 2018 NHIS cohort (n=21 187) to generate 10-year risk prediction estimates and characterize the preventive benefit of three diabetes prevention scenarios: (1) community-wide strategy; (2) high-risk strategy and (3) combined approach.ResultsDPoRT demonstrated good discrimination (C-statistic=0.778 (males); 0.787 (females)) and good calibration across the range of risk. We predicted a baseline risk of 10.2% and 21 076 000 new cases of diabetes in the USA from 2018 to 2028. The community-wide strategy and high-risk strategy estimated diabetes risk reductions of 0.2% and 0.3%, respectively. The combined approach estimated a 0.4% risk reduction and 843 000 diabetes cases averted in 10 years.ConclusionsDPoRT has transportability for predicting population-level diabetes risk in the USA using routinely collected survey data. We demonstrate the model’s applicability for population health assessment and diabetes prevention planning. Our modeling predicted that the combination of community-wide and targeted prevention approaches for those at highest risk are needed to reduce diabetes burden in the USA.
Descriptive study of the challenges when implementing an app for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration to monitor their vision at home
Authors: Reeves Barnaby C , Wickens Robin , O’Connor Sean R , Gidman Eleanor Alma , Ward E , Treanor Charlene , Peto Tunde , Burton Ben J L , Knox Paul C , Lotery Andrew , Sivaprasad Sobha , Donnelly Michael , Rogers Chris A , Hogg Ruth E 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesRemote monitoring of health has the potential to reduce the burden to patients of face-to-face appointments and make healthcare more efficient. Apps are available for patients to self-monitor vision at home, for example, to detect reactivation of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Describing the challenges when implementing apps for self-monitoring of vision at home was an objective of the MONARCH study to evaluate two vision-monitoring apps on an iPod Touch (Multibit and MyVisionTrack).DesignDiagnostic Test Accuracy study.SettingSix UK hospitals.MethodsThe study provides an example of the real-world implementation of such apps across health sectors in an older population. Challenges described include the following: (1) frequency and reason for incoming calls made to a helpline and outgoing calls made to participants; (2) frequency and duration of events responsible for the tests being unavailable; and (3) other technical and logistical challenges.ResultsPatients (n=297) in the study were familiar with technology; 252/296 (85%) had internet at home and 197/296 (67%) had used a smartphone. Nevertheless, 141 (46%) called the study helpline, more often than anticipated. Of 435 reasons for calling, all but 42 (10%) related to testing with the apps or hardware, which contributed to reduced adherence. The team made at least one call to 133 patients (44%) to investigate why data had not been transmitted. Multibit and MyVisionTrack apps were unavailable for 15 and 30 of 1318 testing days for reasons which were the responsibility of the app providers. Researchers also experienced technical challenges with a multiple device management system. Logistical challenges included regulations for transporting lithium-ion batteries and malfunctioning chargers.ConclusionsImplementation of similar technologies should incorporate a well-resourced helpline and build in additional training time for participants and troubleshooting time for staff. There should also be robust evidence that chosen technologies are fit for the intended purpose.Trial registration numberISRCTN79058224.
Coutilisation of oral rehydration solution and zinc for treating diarrhoea and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a multilevel robust Poisson regression
Authors: Legesse Bruck Tesfaye , Wondie Wubet Tazeb , Gedefaw Gezahagn Demsu , Workineh Yakob Tadese , Seifu Beminate Lemma 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the coutilisation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc for treating diarrhoea and its associated factors among under-5 children in East Africa.DesignCross-sectional study design. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was fitted to identify predictors of zinc and ORS coutilisation. An adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) with a 95% CI was reported to declare the statistical significance.SettingTwelve East African countries.Participants16 850 under-5 children who had diarrhoea were included in the study.ResultIn East African nations, the coutilisation of ORS and zinc for the treatment of diarrhoea in children under 5 was 53.27% with a 95% CI (52.54% to 54.01%). Children of mothers with primary education (aPR 1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.20), secondary education (aPR 1.08, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.14), higer education (aPR 1.19, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.29), those from maternal age category of 20–24 (aPR 1.14, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.21), age category of 25–29 (aPR 1.13, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.21), age category of 30–34 (aPR 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.16), those from wealthy households (aPR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.09) and those who have a media exposure (aPR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.08) were more likely to receive combination.ConclusionOnly half of the under-5 children with diarrhoea in East Africa were treated with a combination of ORS and zinc. To increase the use of the suggested combination therapy of ORS with zinc, it is important to empower women through education and prevent teen pregnancy.
Codesigning enhanced models of care for Northern Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth with type 2 diabetes: study protocol
Authors: Kirkham Renae , Puszka Stefanie , Titmuss Angela , Freeman Natasha , Weaver Emma , Morris Jade , Mack Shiree , O'Donnell Vicki , Boffa John , Dowler James , Ellis Elna , Corpus Sumaria , Graham Sian , Scott Lydia , Sinha Ashim K , Connors Christine , Shaw Jonathan E , Azzopardi Peter , Brown Alex , Davis Elizabeth , Wicklow Brandy , Maple-Brown Louise 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionPremature onset of type 2 diabetes and excess mortality are critical issues internationally, particularly in Indigenous populations. There is an urgent need for developmentally appropriate and culturally safe models of care. We describe the methods for the codesign, implementation and evaluation of enhanced models of care with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander youth living with type 2 diabetes across Northern Australia.Methods and analysisOur mixed-methods approach is informed by the principles of codesign. Across eight sites in four regions, the project brings together the lived experience of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people (aged 10–25) with type 2 diabetes, their families and communities, and health professionals providing diabetes care through a structured yet flexible codesign process. Participants will help identify and collaborate in the development of a range of multifaceted improvements to current models of care. These may include addressing needs identified in our formative work such as the development of screening and management guidelines, referral pathways, peer support networks, diabetes information resources and training for health professionals in youth type 2 diabetes management. The codesign process will adopt a range of methods including qualitative interviews, focus group discussions, art-based methods and healthcare systems assessments. A developmental evaluation approach will be used to create and refine the components and principles of enhanced models of care. We anticipate that this codesign study will produce new theoretical insights and practice frameworks, resources and approaches for age-appropriate, culturally safe models of care.Ethics and disseminationThe study design was developed in collaboration with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous researchers, health professionals and health service managers and has received ethical approval across all sites. A range of outputs will be produced to disseminate findings to participants, other stakeholders and the scholarly community using creative and traditional formats.
Inpatient deaths by medical service: characteristics in a comprehensive cancer centre
Authors: Mercadante Sebastiano , Lo Cascio Alessio , Casuccio Alessandra 
Published: March 2024

AimTo examine the intensity of care in the last 3 days of life in different medical settings of a comprehensive cancer centre.MethodsIn this retrospective study, the charts of patients who died in hospital from July 2019 to June 2023 were reviewed. The units taken into consideration were acute palliative care unit (APCU), oncology (ONC) and haematology (HEM), which included also the transplantation unit. Age, gender, diagnosis, Karnofsky or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, drugs used in the last 3 days of life, respiratory support, transfusion, parenteral nutrition, imaging studies, blood gas analysis, biochemistry, consultations and endoscopy were retrieved.ResultsData on 177 patients who died in the period taken into consideration were reviewed. APCU was characterised by more frequent use of opioids, midazolam and scopolamine butylbromide. On the other side, HEM was characterised by higher use of vasoactive drugs, antibiotics, transfusions, imaging studies, growth factors, consultations, biochemistry, blood gas analysis, parenteral nutrition and ventilatory support. ONC was characterised by the larger use of anticoagulants and ventilatory support.ConclusionA more aggressive treatment was performed in HEM, as denoted by a large use of life-sustaining treatments and investigations. Taken together, these data show that the way to die is different depending on the setting of care. End-of-life funnel is similar for every dying patient and choices should be based on short prognosis and expectation rather than on disproportionate and afinalistic treatments.
A two-tensor model with order-three
Authors: Kang Bei , Wang Lu-Yao , Wu Ke , Zhao Wei-Zhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe construct a two-tensor model with order-3 and present its W-representation. Moreover we derive the compact expressions of correlators from the W-representation and analyze the free energy in large N limit. In addition, we establish the correspondence between two colored Dyck walks in the Fredkin spin chain and tree operators in the ring. Based on the classification Dyck walks, we give the number of tree operators with the given level. Furthermore, we show the entanglement scaling of Fredkin spin chain beyond logarithmic scaling in the ordinary critical systems from the viewpoint of tensor model.
Implicit Bias as a Cognitive Manifestation of Systemic
Racism
Authors: Galvan Manuel J. , Payne B. Keith 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Explicitly prejudiced attitudes against Black Americans have declined gradually since the 1960s. Yet racial disparities and racial discrimination remain significant problems in the United States. How could discrimination and disparate outcomes remain constant even while racial prejudice decreased? Two prominent explanations have emerged to explain these puzzling trends. Sociologists have proposed that disparities and discrimination are perpetuated by systemic racism, or the policies, practices, and societal structures that disadvantage some racial groups compared with others. Simultaneously, psychologists have proposed that implicit biases may sustain discrimination even in the absence of explicit prejudice. In this essay, we explore newly discovered connections between systemic racism and implicit bias, how they challenge traditional views to reorient our understanding of implicit bias, and how they shed new light on strategies to reduce bias.
The Diaspora and Sociopolitical Mobilisations in Nigeria
Authors: Akanle Olayinka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nigeria has a significant body of diasporic nationals. While studies abound on the economic and developmental roles of the diaspora, there is a paucity of research on the sociopolitical mobilisation interfaces of diasporas with their countries of origin. This article contributes to an understanding of the complexities and multiplicities of the roles of the diaspora in their countries of origin, using the case of Nigeria. It also provides alternative interpretations of what forced migration and fake news connote, through the real experiences of diasporic Nigerians. A qualitative study was conducted among sixteen diasporic Nigerians, interviewed in 2021–2022, in the United States of America (USA), Namibia, Australia, South Africa, United Kingdom (UK), Botswana and Republic of Ireland. Primary data was triangulated with autoethnography and secondary data to sufficiently understand the reasons for migration, the constructs of forced migration, roles in national development, the sharing of fake news and sociopolitical mobilisations and protests.
Diaspora Protests and Social Uprisings under Authoritarianism
Authors: Tofangsazi Bashir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Expatriate citizens of countries under authoritarian rule have been increasingly engaging in protest against repression in their home countries. Whether such diaspora protests can boost social uprisings inside authoritarian countries, however, is yet to be analysed. I hypothesise that diaspora protests inspire protest against authoritarian rulers inside the home country by reducing political repression or providing the dissidents with a perception of political opportunity. To test this hypothesis, I use Iran as a case study of an authoritarian regime with a sizeable diaspora and notable protest surges in recent decades. Using daily protest data from 1996 to 2018, results show that protests against the Iranian regime by Iranian expatriates were followed by a significant increase in the chance of protest incidence inside Iran. This association is robust to a variety of modelling specifications and independent of the role of transnational organisational links between activists, which has been documented in the literature previously.
It Is Our Motherland Too
Authors: Munas Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Foregrounding fluid processes of group identity re/formation, this article advances the debates on the nature of collective mobilisation among diasporas. Specifically, it contributes to a relatively underexplored diaspora studies sub-field: the role of religion in diasporic identity formation. Empirical material from the immigrant group Muslims of Sri Lankan origin in the United Kingdom indicates that religious identities play a key role in the process of formation of political identities and framing under the concept of one ummah. Further, critical events and crisis situations in places of origin mobilise these groups to form social and solidarity movements. This article contributes to ongoing debates on the constructivist approach to diaspora engagement, which goes beyond the conventional ways of understanding diasporas as ‘dispersed victims’. To this end, I argue that the diasporic characteristics are contingent upon the collective experience and embodiment of crisis situations at home and host sites.
Developed Country Diaspora Strategy Framework
Authors: Birka Ieva , Wasserman Romy 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As developed countries become more and more interested in implementing diaspora strategies, this article reviews relevant literature for diaspora strategy design and implementation and distils elements of existing typologies into a conceptual framework for evaluating developed country diaspora strategies. The framework is then applied to the evaluation of the diaspora policies of Ireland and Australia, which emerge as examples of engaged versus passive states in relation to their diasporas. Interviews with diaspora engagement practitioners are used to elucidate the policies and practices that underpin diaspora engagement strategies in these countries. The resulting analysis has implications for theorising diaspora engagement and offers practical lessons for other countries looking to connect with their diasporas.
Forced, Fooled or Free Will
Authors: Kumar Khemendra K. , Ali Runaaz , Chand Satish Prakash , Kumar Subashni Lata 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the narratives and counter-narratives of indenture experience in Fiji in the works of Totaram Sanadhya, John Wear Burton, Kenneth Gillion, Brij Lal and Satish Rai. The recruitment of Indian indentured labourers in Fiji began in 1879, much later than in other colonies. Yet the experiences of the labourers in Fiji were not markedly different. The indenture system, or girmit, was considered better than the slave trade, while others regarded it as only a change in name, with regulations to safeguard the colonial interest. The above authors have shown that, from the onset, the recruitment process, the passage from India to Fiji, life on the plantations and the coolie lines, and life after indenture were a duality: either emancipation or victimisation of Indian labourers. This paper highlights the dual nature of the indenture experience in Fiji.
Influence of rotor impeller structure on performance improvement of suspended axial flow blood pumps
Authors: Wang Liang , Yun Zhong , Tang Xiaoyan , Xiang Chuang 
Published: March 2024

Background: The hydrodynamic suspension structure design of the axial blood pump impeller can avoid the problems associated with using mechanical bearings. However, the particular impeller structure will impact the hydraulic performance and hemolysis of the blood pump. Method: This article combines computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with the Lagrange particle tracking method, aiming to improve the blood pump’s hydraulic and hemolysis performance. It analyzes the flow characteristics and hemolysis performance inside the pump. It optimizes the taper of the impeller hub, the number of blades, and the inclination angle of the circumferential groove at the top of the blade. Results: Under certain rotational speed conditions, an increase in the taper of the impeller hub or the number of blades can increase the pumping pressure of a blood pump, but an increase in the number of blades will reduce the flow rate. The design of circumferential grooves at the top of the blade can increase the pumping pressure to a certain extent, with little impact on the hemolysis performance. The impeller structure is optimized based on the estimated hemolysis of each impeller model blood pump. It could be seen that when the pump blood pressure and flow rate were reached, the optimized impeller speed was reduced by 11.4%, and the estimated hemolysis value was reduced by 10.5%. Conclusion: In this paper, the rotor impeller structure of the blood pump was optimized to improve the hydraulic and hemolytic performance effectively, which can provide a reference for the related research of the axial flow blood pump using hydraulic suspension.