bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
State Child Care Regulations Regarding Infant Sleep Environment Since the Healthy Child Care America-Back to Sleep Campaign
Authors: Moon Rachel Y. , Kotch Lauren , Aird Laura 
Published: July 2006

BACKGROUND. Despite overall decreases in sudden infant death syndrome deaths and prone sleeping, the proportion of sudden infant death syndrome deaths that occurs in child care settings has remained constant at ∼20%. In 2003, the American Academy of Pediatrics' Healthy Child Care America program launched its own Back to Sleep campaign to promote the Back to Sleep message for those who care for young children.OBJECTIVES. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the first 2 years of the Healthy Child Care America-Back to Sleep campaign in improving child care regulations by assessing the inclusion of the elements of a safe sleep environment in the individual state regulations for child care centers and family child care homes.METHODS. We examined regulations available in October 2005 for licensed child care centers and family child care homes in the 50 states and the District of Columbia for specific regulations pertaining to (1) sudden infant death syndrome risk-reduction training for child care providers, (2) infant sleep position, (3) crib safety, (4) bedding safety, (5) smoking, and (6) provision of information about sleep positioning policies and arrangements to parents before the infant is enrolled in child care.RESULTS. Since 2003, when the Healthy Child Care America-Back to Sleep campaign began, 60 of the 101 state regulations for either child care centers or FCCHs have been revised. More than half of these regulations written since 2003 mandate a nonprone sleep position and restrictions on soft bedding in the crib, and the change in these regulations since 2003 is statistically significant. However, of the 101 existing state regulations, only 49 require that infants sleep nonprone, 18 mandate sudden infant death syndrome training for child care providers, 81 have ≥1 crib safety standard, and 43 restrict soft bedding in the crib. Only 4 regulations require that parents be provided with sleep policy information.CONCLUSIONS. The initial 2 years of the Healthy Child Care America Back to Sleep campaign have been successful in promoting safe infant sleep regulations. Efforts must continue so that safe sleep regulations exist in all jurisdictions.
In Utero Exposure to Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and Neurodevelopment Among Young Mexican American Children
Authors: Eskenazi Brenda , Marks Amy R. , Bradman Asa , Fenster Laura , Johnson Caroline , Barr Dana B. , Jewell Nicholas P. 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. We investigated the relationship between prenatal exposure to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) and neurodevelopment of Mexican farm-workers' children in California.METHODS. Participants from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas study, a birth cohort study, included 360 singletons with maternal serum measures of p,p′-DDT, o,p′-DDT, and p,p′-DDE. Psychomotor development and mental development were assessed with the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6, 12, and 24 months.RESULTS. We found a ∼2-point decrease in Psychomotor Developmental Index scores with each 10-fold increase in p,p′-DDT levels at 6 and 12 months (but not 24 months) and p,p′-DDE levels at 6 months only. We found no association with mental development at 6 months but a 2- to 3-point decrease in Mental Developmental Index scores for p,p′-DDT and o,p′-DDT at 12 and 24 months, corresponding to 7- to 10-point decreases across the exposure range. Even when mothers had substantial exposure, breastfeeding was usually associated positively with Bayley scale scores.CONCLUSIONS. Prenatal exposure to DDT, and to a lesser extent DDE, was associated with neurodevelopmental delays during early childhood, although breastfeeding was found to be beneficial even among women with high levels of exposure. Countries considering the use of DDT should weigh its benefit in eradicating malaria against the negative associations found in this first report on DDT and human neurodevelopment.
Comparative Effectiveness of Zinc Protoporphyrin and Hemoglobin Concentrations in Identifying Iron Deficiency in a Group of Low-Income, Preschool-Aged Children: Practical Implications of Recent Illness
Authors: Crowell Rebecca , Ferris Ann M. , Wood Richard J. , Joyce Patricia , Slivka Hilda 
Published: July 2006

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to assess the influence of recent infection on screening tests for iron depletion (zinc protoporphyrin and hemoglobin) among low-income, preschool-aged children.METHODS. This cross-sectional study was conducted at community sites and ambulatory care clinics in Hartford, Connecticut, and included 180 preschool-aged children. Iron depletion was defined as serum ferritin levels of ≤15 μg/L. Recent illness was defined by parent or guardian (caretaker) report or evidence of elevated C-reactive protein concentrations. History of anemia was determined through medical records review. Sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive values of hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin were calculated overall and for children with and without recent illness.RESULTS. At enrollment, more than one half of the children had a recent illness, and 57.5% had a history of anemia. More than one third had iron depletion. Serum ferritin levels were significantly higher among recently ill children. Secondary to recent illness, the positive predictive value of elevated zinc protoporphyrin, but not low hemoglobin, was reduced significantly. Zinc protoporphyrin levels of &gt;69 μmol/mol heme identified significantly more iron-deficient children.CONCLUSIONS. Compared with anemia, elevated zinc protoporphyrin levels identified significantly more iron-deficient children. Recently ill children were one half as likely to have low serum ferritin levels, compared with children without recent illness. The negative effect of recent illness on the positive predictive value of zinc protoporphyrin when ferritin is used to determine iron status has many practical implications.
Effects of indwelling nasogastric intubation on gastric emptying of a liquid marker in horses
Authors: Cruz Antonio M. , Li Ronald , Kenney Dan G. , Monteith Gabrielle 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the effects of indwelling nasogastric intubation on the gastric emptying rate of liquid in horses.
Animals—6 healthy horses.
Procedures—Horses were assigned to treatment and control groups in a prospective randomized crossover study with a washout period of at least 4 weeks between trials. Acetaminophen (20 mg/kg) diluted in 1 L of distilled water was administered via nasogastric tube at time points of 0, 12, 30, 48, and 72 hours to evaluate the liquid-phase gastric emptying rate. In control horses, nasogastric tubes were removed after administration of acetaminophen. In horses receiving treatment, the tube was left indwelling and maintained for 72 hours. A 10-mL sample of blood was collected from a jugular vein immediately before and 20, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, and 180 minutes after acetaminophen administration. Serum acetaminophen concentrations were measured by use of a colorimetric method.
Results—Peak serum acetaminophen concentration was significantly higher in the control group (38.11 μg/mL) than in the treatment group (29.09 μg/mL), and the time required to reach peak serum acetaminophen concentration was significantly shorter in the control group (22.79 minutes) than in the treatment group (35.95 minutes).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that indwelling nasogastric intubation has a delaying effect on the gastric emptying rate of liquids. Veterinarians should consider the potential for delayed gastric emptying when placing and maintaining an indwelling nasogastric tube for an extended period of time after surgery. Repeated nasogastric intubation may be better than maintenance of an indwelling tube in horses with ileus.
Impact of dopamine or dobutamine infusions on cardiovascular variables after rapid blood loss and volume replacement during isoflurane-induced anesthesia in dogs
Authors: Dyson Doris H. , Sinclair Melissa D. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the cardiovascular effects of dopamine and dobutamine infusions during nor-movolemia, hypovolemia (HV) through blood loss of 10 mL/kg (HV10), further loss to 25 mL/kg (HV25), and volume replacement (VR) in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs.
Animals—7 healthy young dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were anesthetized with isoflurane 2 times (3 weeks apart). Cardiovascular measurements were obtained for each volume state. The cardiac index (CI) determined by the lithium dilution technique was compared with CI assessed by the arterial pulse contour technique. At each volume state, random treatment with dobutamine or dopamine was assessed (CI by the arterial pulse contour technique). Ten-minute treatments with 3 and6 μg of dobutamine/kg/min or 7 and 14 μg of dopamine/kg/min (low and high doses, respectively) were administered sequentially. Differences from baseline were determined for volume, drug, and dose effects.
Results—Significant proportional changes in blood pressure (BP), stroke index (SI), and CI were evident with changes in volume state. Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) decreased after VR. Dobutamine induced little change in BP; increased heart rate (HR), SI, and CI; and decreased SVR (high dose). Dopamine increased BP and SI, did not change CI, and increased SVR (high dose). The arterial pulse contour technique underestimated changes in CI associated with volume changes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Isoflurane eliminates clinically obvious compensatory increases in HR during HV. Dopamine is suitable for temporary management of blood loss in isoflurane-anesthetized dogs. Dobutamine increased CI without an associated improvement in BP. The arterial pulse contour monitor should be recalibrated when volume status changes.
Effects of ketamine, diazepam, and their combination on intraocular pressures in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Hofmeister Erik H. , Mosunic Cory B. , Torres Bryan T. , Ralph Alan G. , Moore Phillip Anthony , Read Matt R. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of ketamine, diazepam, and the combination of ketamine and diazepam on intraocular pressures (IOPs) in clinically normal dogs in which premedication was not administered.
Animals—50 dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were randomly allocated to 1 of 5 groups. Dogs received ketamine alone (5 mg/kg [KET5] or 10 mg/kg [KET10], IV), ketamine (10 mg/kg) with diazepam (0.5 mg/kg, IV; KETVAL), diazepam alone (0.5 mg/kg, IV; VAL), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (0.1 mL/kg, IV; SAL). Intraocular pressures were measured immediately before and after injection and at 5, 10, 15, and 20 minutes after injection.
Results—IOP was increased over baseline values immediately after injection and at 5 and 10 minutes in the KET5 group and immediately after injection in the KETVAL group. Compared with the SAL group, the mean change in IOP was greater immediately after injection and at 5 and 10 minutes in the KET5 group. The mean IOP increased to 5.7, 3.2, 3.1, 0.8, and 0.8 mm Hg over mean baseline values in the KET5, KET10, KETVAL, SAL, and VAL groups, respectively. All dogs in the KET5 and most dogs in the KETVAL and KET10 groups had an overall increase in IOP over baseline values.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Compared with baseline values and values obtained from dogs in the SAL group, ketamine administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg, IV, caused a significant and clinically important increase in IOP in dogs in which premedication was not administered. Ketamine should not be used in dogs with corneal trauma or glaucoma or in those undergoing intraocular surgery.
Effects of oral administration of controlled-ileal-release budesonide and assessment of pituitary-adrenocortical axis suppression in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Stroup Shannon T. , Behrend Ellen N. , Kemppainen Robert J. , Smith-Carr Saralyn 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effects of oral administration of controlled-ileal-release (CIR) budesonide on the pituitary-adrenal axis in dogs with a normal gastrointestinal mucosal barrier.
Animals—10 healthy dogs.
Procedures—5 dogs received CIR budesonide orally once daily for days 1 through 28, and 5 dogs received placebo. Treatment group dogs that weighed < 18 kg received 2 mg of CIR budesonide; treatment group dogs that weighed ≥ 18 kg received 3 mg of CIR budesonide. In the treatment and placebo groups, there were 3 and 2 dogs, respectively, that weighed > 18 kg. Plasma cortisol concentration before and after ACTH stimulation, basal plasma endogenous ACTH concentration, and body weight were measured on days 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35. Serum biochemical analysis, CBC determination, and urinalysis were performed on days 0, 28, and 35. On days 7, 14, and 21, serum ALP and ALT activities, serum glucose concentration, and urine specific gravity were obtained in lieu of a full hematologic evaluation and urinalysis.
Results—Basal and post-ACTH stimulation plasma cortisol concentrations and plasma endogenous ACTH concentration were significantly suppressed by treatment. No other variables were altered over the course of the study.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Budesonide suppresses pituitary-adrenal function in dogs with normal gastrointestinal integrity, whereas other variables often affected by glucocorticoids were not altered by a 4-week treatment course. Budesonide may be a good alternative to traditional cortico-steroids if used short-term for acute exacerbations of inflammatory bowel disease.
Effect of head position on intraocular pressure in horses
Authors: Komáromy András M. , Garg Christopher D. , Ying Gui-Shuang , Liu Chengcheng 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the effect of head position on intraocular pressure (IOP) in horses.
Animals—30 horses.
Procedures—Horses were sedated with detomidine HCl (0.01 mg/kg, IV). Auriculopalpebral nerve blocks were applied bilaterally with 2% lidocaine HCl. The corneas of both eyes were anesthetized with ophthalmic 0.5% proparacaine solution. Intraocular pressures were measured with an applanation tonometer with the head positioned below and above heart level. The mean of 3 readings was taken for each eye at each position for data analysis. The effect of head position on IOP was assessed and generalized estimating equations were used to adjust for the correlation from repeated measures of the same eye and intereye correlation from the same horse.
Results—Of the 60 eyes, 52 (87%) had increased IOP when measured below the heart level. A significant difference (mean ± SE, 8.20 ± 1.01 mm Hg) was seen in the mean IOP when the head was above (17.5 ± 0.8 mm Hg) or below (25.7 ± 1.2 mm Hg) heart level. No significant effect of sex, age, or neck length on IOP change was found.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Head position has a significant effect on the IOP of horses. Failure to maintain a consistent head position between IOP measurements could potentially prevent the meaningful interpretation of perceived aberrations or changes in IOP.
Material properties of and tissue reaction to the Slocum TPLO plate
Authors: Boudrieau Randy J. , McCarthy Robert J. , Sprecher Christoph M. , Künzler Tobias P. , Keating John H. , Milz Stefan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine the material properties of Slocum TPLO plates and assess the soft tissue reaction adjacent to these plates in dogs that had undergone tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO).
Sample Population—3 new TPLO plates, 8 retrieved TPLO plates, and 1 new Synthes dynamic compression plate.
Procedures—Metallurgic analyses were performed. Tissue samples were obtained from areas adjacent to retrieved plates and submitted for histologic examination.
Results—All of the TPLO plates had a 2-phase microstructure consisting of austenite and ferrite in various amounts. Residua, inclusions, and cavities were seen during microscopic examination of the plate surface. The major differences between new and retrieved TPLO plates were the presence of small gaps separating many inclusions from the surrounding matrix and the presence of various-sized pits on the surface of the retrieved plates. The dynamic compression plate had a nearly pure austenitic structure and was largely free from residua, inclusions, and cavities. Histologic examination of tissue samples obtained from areas adjacent to retrieved TPLO plates revealed intra- and extracellular particulate debris. Two types of particles (one consisting of chromium, nickel, molybdenum, and iron and the other consisting of aluminum and silicon) were seen.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results determined that new and retrieved TPLO plates were manufactured from 316L stainless steel and produced by a casting process, but not all plates met specifications for chemical composition of cast surgical implants (American Society for Testing Materials standard F745); tissues surrounding retrieved plates had evidence of adverse reactions, probably as a result of plate corrosion.
Evaluation of clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and risk factors associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs: 11 cases (1990–2002)
Authors: Brown Cory D. , Parnell Nolie K. , Schulman Rhonda L. , Brown Cassandra G. , Glickman Nita W. , Glickman Larry 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and risk factors associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—11 dogs.
Procedures—Medical records of dogs with idiopathic neutropenia were reviewed. Signalment, history, clinical signs, and response to treatment were recorded and compared with that in dogs with neutropenia attributable to known causes and to dogs without neutropenia (controls).
Results—Compared with dogs with neutropenia attributable to known causes, dogs with idiopathic neutropenia had lower neutrophil counts and were younger. When compared with control dogs, age < 4 years was identified as a risk factor for developing idiopathic neutropenia. In all dogs with idiopathic neutropenia, remission of neutropenia occurred within 18 days after administration of prednisone (2 to 4 mg/kg [0.9 to 1.8 mg/lb], PO, daily) and no serious complications or infections developed.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An immunemediated pathogenesis should be considered for dogs with idiopathic neutropenia in which the cause is not known. Severe neutropenia and young age were significantly associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs. Prognosis appeared to be excellent with prednisone treatment.
Deep Learning–Augmented ECG Analysis for Screening and Genotype Prediction of Congenital Long QT Syndrome
Authors: Jiang River , Cheung Christopher C. , Garcia-Montero Marta , Davies Brianna , Cao Jason , Redfearn Damian , Laksman Zachary M. , Grondin Steffany , Atallah Joseph , Escudero Carolina A. , Cadrin-Tourigny Julia , Sanatani Shubhayan , Steinberg Christian , Joza Jacqueline , Avram Robert , Tadros Rafik , Krahn Andrew D. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceCongenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is associated with syncope, ventricular arrhythmias, and sudden death. Half of patients with LQTS have a normal or borderline-normal QT interval despite LQTS often being detected by QT prolongation on resting electrocardiography (ECG).ObjectiveTo develop a deep learning–based neural network for identification of LQTS and differentiation of genotypes (LQTS1 and LQTS2) using 12-lead ECG.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis diagnostic accuracy study used ECGs from patients with suspected inherited arrhythmia enrolled in the Hearts in Rhythm Organization Registry (HiRO) from August 2012 to December 2021. The internal dataset was derived at 2 sites and an external validation dataset at 4 sites within the HiRO Registry; an additional cross-sectional validation dataset was from the Montreal Heart Institute. The cohort with LQTS included probands and relatives with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in KCNQ1 or KCNH2 genes with normal or prolonged corrected QT (QTc) intervals.ExposuresConvolutional neural network (CNN) discrimination between LQTS1, LQTS2, and negative genetic test results.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe main outcomes were area under the curve (AUC), F1 scores, and sensitivity for detecting LQTS and differentiating genotypes using a CNN method compared with QTc-based detection.ResultsA total of 4521 ECGs from 990 patients (mean [SD] age, 42 [18] years; 589 [59.5%] female) were analyzed. External validation within the national registry (101 patients) demonstrated the CNN’s high diagnostic capacity for LQTS detection (AUC, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.89-0.96) and genotype differentiation (AUC, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86-0.96). This surpassed expert-measured QTc intervals in detecting LQTS (F1 score, 0.84 [95% CI, 0.78-0.90] vs 0.22 [95% CI, 0.13-0.31]; sensitivity, 0.90 [95% CI, 0.86-0.94] vs 0.36 [95% CI, 0.23-0.47]), including in patients with normal or borderline QTc intervals (F1 score, 0.70 [95% CI, 0.40-1.00]; sensitivity, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.53-0.95]). In further validation in a cross-sectional cohort (406 patients) of high-risk patients and genotype-negative controls, the CNN detected LQTS with an AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.80-0.85), which was better than QTc interval–based detection (AUC, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.69-0.78).Conclusions and RelevanceThe deep learning model improved detection of congenital LQTS from resting ECGs and allowed for differentiation between the 2 most common genetic subtypes. Broader validation over an unselected general population may support application of this model to patients with suspected LQTS.