bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The late effects of Nazi persecution among elderly Holocaust survivors
Authors: Robinson S. , Rapaport J. , Durst R. , Rapaport M. , Rosca P. , Metzer S. , Zilberman L. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTEighty‐six survivors of the Holocaust from a nonclinical population were interviewed to examine the recent mental state, coping and adjustment of elderly Holocaust survivors. Most of the interviewees suffered after the war and are still suffering from the results of persecution. Death camp survivors suffer more than survivors who were subjected to other forms of Nazi persecution. Despite the mental suffering, Holocaust survivors succeeded to cope and to adjust. They are successful at work and in society. They managed to raise warm families. They behaved and still behave as if fulfilling a testament to those who perished.
Drug treatment of panic disorder: early response to treatment as a predictor of final outcome
Authors: Albus M. , Lecrubier Y. , Maier W. , Buller R. , Rosenberg R. , Hippius H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTOne of the core problems in clinical research is the detection of early changes in target symptoms that predict future therapeutic outcome. To analyze potential predictors of outcome, data of a multicenter study on patients with panic disorder were used. A total of 1010 patients were randomly allocated either to alprazolam, imipramine or placebo treatment. Early improvement in the number of spontaneous panic attacks within the first week of treatment predicted outcome exclusively in the alprazolam group. In contrast, placebo responders and nonresponders were differentiated by early changes in anticipatory anxiety intensity. For tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine an evaluation period of more than one week is required to allow conclusions about outcome.
Biochemical pharmacology of the atypical neuroleptic remoxipride
Authors: Köhler C. , Hall H. , Magnusson O. , Lewander T. , Gustafsson K. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract In vitro receptor ligand binding studies in the rat showed that remoxipride displaced different radioligands at the dopamine D2, but not the D1 receptor. Remoxipride did not block dopamine‐stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in vitro suggesting that it did not directly interact with the dopamine D1 receptor. Like other antipsychotic compounds, it increased dopamine turnover in the dopamine‐rich areas of the brain. It showed no affinity for a wide range of neurotransmitter receptors, with the exception of the opiate sigma receptor. The affinity of remoxipride for the D2 receptor was low in vitro, while in vivo, the affinity was relatively high. Remoxipride was far more potent in preventing [3H]raclopride‐binding than [3H]spiperone‐binding to the D2 receptor in vivo. When the D2 receptor was labelled with [3H]spiperone, remoxipride was shown to exert a preferential blockade of this binding in extrastriatal areas of the brain (for example, olfactory tubercle, septum, substantia nigra) in vivo. After the injection of high doses of remoxipride most if not all drug in the brain was identified as authentic remoxipride.After injection of [3H]remoxipride in smaller and larger doses, radioactivity was detected in all areas of brain examined, including cerebellum and neocortex. Most of the remoxipride‐derived radioactivity was found in the choroid plexus and circumventricular organs, while smaller amounts were recovered in the striatum, olfactory tubercle, and substantia nigra. Taken together, these findings suggest that remoxipride acts at both the central D2 and sigma receptors and that its affinity for the D2 receptor is relatively low in vitro. A regional preference for D2 receptors can be observed in vivo depending upon the radioligand used.
Effects of remoxipride on psychomotor performance, alone and in combination with ethanol and diazepam*
Authors: Mattila M. J. , Manila M. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe effects of remoxipride, alone and in combination with ethanol and diazepam, on sensory, cognitive, and neuromotor performance were studied in 12 healthy volunteers (7 men, 5 women). The study was of double‐blind, randomized, crossover design with each subject receiving six different single‐dose experimental treatments at six sessions. Tests of sensory, cognitive, and neuromotor functions were carried out, together with subjective assessments. Remoxipride alone seemed to have no effect on the sensory functions measured, but it affected cognitive and neuromotor functions to a limited extent. In general the effects of ethanol and diazepam alone were more pronounced than those of remoxipride. When remoxipride was combined with either ethanol or diazepam, there was a tendency for the effect to
Ultrasonography detected a higher incidence of gallstones in psychiatric inpatients
Authors: Fukuzako H. , Hashiguchi T. , Nomaguchi M. , Nagatomo I. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA total of 105 psychiatric inpatients (55 men, 50 women) were investigated for gallstones and associated factors by means of ultrasonography. Gallstones were detected in 27 (26%) of the 105 patients. The overall incidence tended to be higher in female patients than in males. The duration of mental illness and neuroleptic medication in patients with gallstones was significantly longer than in those without gallstones. A stepwise discriminant analysis revealed that the duration of neuroleptic medication was the most informative for discrimination between the 2 groups. These results, in combination with previous studies on the effects of neuroleptics on the bile and biliary system, suggest that neuroleptics may accelerate the formation of gallstones.
Adolescents and benzodiazepines: prescribed use, self‐medication and intoxication
Authors: Pedersen W. , Lavik N. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn a longitudinal study of 1230 people aged 13–18 years from the Greater Oslo Area, the past‐year prevalence of anxiolytic or hypnotic use was 10%, which is higher than previously reported. The majority gave therapeutic reasons as a motive for using these drugs. However, most of the use was unprescribed. The parents, and especially the mother, were the most important suppliers. A minority gave intoxication as a motive for using these drugs. In this group, the suppliers were mainly peers and the illegal market. Neither the unprescribed nor the prescribed therapeutic use show any association with use of drugs such as alcohol and cannabis. There is, however, a strong association between the unprescribed use of benzodiazepines by young people and by their parents. This suggests a pattern of learning and role modelling, which must be regarded as problematic for public health policy. Those who use the drugs to become intoxicated have particularly poor mental health, and they use many other drugs as well. This group probably runs a special risk of developing more serious drug abuse.
Expressed emotion: a Swedish version of the Camberwell Family Interview
Authors: Orhagen T. , D'Elia G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA Swedish version of the Camberwell Family Interview (CFI), a psychiatric, semistructured interview schedule for assessing a family's emotional atmosphere, is described. Thirty‐two relatives of patients with schizophrenic disorders, according to DSM‐III criteria, were interviewed. Eighteen relatives were interviewed twice, before and after one part of a psychoeducational programme. The total number of interviews analysed was 50. Two independent investigators rated the audiotape‐recorded interviews to test the interrater reliability of 5 different measures of expressed emotion (critical remarks, hostility, emotional overinvolvement, warmth and positive remarks). High interrater reliabilities were found for the frequency scales, i.e. critical remarks and positive remarks. For the global scales the interrater reliabilities were lower. The use of only one interviewer, the interviewer being one of the raters and shortage of co‐training probably influence the reliability. The CFI schedule could probably gain in clarity, structure and shortness in a revised form, although the interview time cannot be reduced to less than 1.5 h. The ratings of measures of expressed emotion are quite complicated and require extensive and specific training of the raters. The total procedure is complex, time‐consuming and not easily learned. In its present form, the CFI probably discourages clinicians and researchers from using it.
Puerperal psychosis in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia: clinical profile and cross‐cultural comparison
Authors: Rahim F. M. A. , Al‐Sabiae A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRahim FMA, Al‐Sabiae A. Puerperal psychosis in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia: clinical profile and cross‐cultural comparison.The clinical profile of 39 women with puerperal psychosis admitted within 90 days of childbirth to a teaching hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia is described and compared with groups of women with a similar diagnosis admitted to Royal Edinburgh Hospital within the same period after delivery. The majority of women in both groups had an affective illness, acute presentation and similar interval between parturition and onset of illness. There were significant differences between the groups as regards parity, duration of illness prior to admission and presence of motility disturbances. These differences were attributed to sociocultural factors that are briefly discussed.
An evaluation of DSM‐III‐R personality disorders
Authors: Schroeder M. L. , Livesley W. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study evaluated the extent to which the features of personality disorders are organized into the 11 diagnoses proposed by DSM‐III‐R. The traits composing personality disorder diagnoses were identified in earlier studies. Seventy‐nine traits were required to represent personality diagnoses. Self‐report scales were developed to measure each trait. The factorial structure underlying the trait scales was examined in a sample of 158 patients with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder and a sample of 274 general population subjects. Eleven principal components were extracted from each data set and were rotated to the same oblique criterion. The decision to extract 11 components was based on a priori expectations derived from DSM‐III‐R. Factor comparability coefficients were computed to quantify the similarity of the 2 solutions. A high degree of similarity was observed between the factor structure in the clinical and general population samples, suggesting that features of personality pathology are continuous dimensions. Although a number of factors demonstrated a degree of resemblance to some DSM‐III‐R diagnostic categories, the overall correspondence was not strong. A second‐order factor analysis failed to reproduce the 3 Axis II diagnostic clusters. The results do not support the categorical model used in DSM‐III‐R and they provide only limited support for DSM‐III‐R diagnostic concepts.
Suicide in the Canary Islands, 1977–1983
Authors: Rodriguez‐Pulido F. , Sierra A. , Gracia R. , Doreste J. , Delgado S. , González‐Rivera J. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe studied suicide in the Canary Islands between 1977 and 1983 and found 775 cases, twice the official number of 381. This indicates the lack of validity and reliability of official figures for suicide in Spain today. The figures reveal an upward trend in the Canary Islands, with the annual rate of 6.81 per 100,000 in 1977 having increased to 10.64 per 100,000 in 1983. There were no significant differences in the frequency of suicide according to season, month or day of the week.
Confirmatory and disconfirmatory feedback in families of schizophrenics, pathological controls and normals: replication and expansion
Authors: Wichstrøm L. , Holte A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe question of whether or not there are types of family communication specific to schizophrenia was addressed by a replication of a previous study and expanding the material. The interaction between parents of schizophrenics (S) (n= 17), non‐schizophrenic pathological controls (NS) (n= 15) and normals (N) (n= 14) was observed during consensus couple Rorschach. Their communication was analyzed by a newly developed revised edition of the Confirmation and Disconfirmation Coding System, CONDIS‐R. Studies of intrarater agreement and split‐half estimates supported the reliability of CONDIS‐R. The results showed that S had more egocentric communication and active disqualifications than NS and N. S were also less likely to communicate that they kept track of and understood the other spouse's communication.
Attenuation of carbon dioxide‐induced panic after clonazepam treatment
Authors: Pols H. , Zandbergen J. , Loof C. de , Griez E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTen patients meeting the DSM‐III‐R criteria for panic disorder were treated with clonazepam. Prior to clonazepam treatment and after a 5‐week treatment period, patients underwent a 35% carbon dioxide challenge procedure. Following clonazepam treatment, a significant reduction in carbon dioxide vulnerability was observed.
Neural symptoms induced by tricyclic antidepressants: phenomenology and pathophysiology
Authors: Lejoyeux M. , Rouillon F. , Adès J. , Gorwood P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe authors review the literature describing the neural symptoms induced by tricyclic antidepressants, especially tremor, seizures, akathisia, myoclonus, dyskinesia and delirium. Sedation, modifications of sleep, memory and appetite are also described. Tremor and myoclonus are the most frequent drug‐induced neural symptoms. Delirium is most often caused by high‐dosage treatments. The pathophysiology of akathisia and dyskinesia raises important questions concerning the mode of action of antidepressants.
An epidemiological study of mental health and socioeconomic conditions in Sumatera, Indonesia
Authors: Bahar E. , Henderson A. S. , Mackinnon A. J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA mental health survey was conducted in Palembang, Indonesia, to test the hypothesis that rapid socioeconomic and cultural change is detrimental to mental health. The 30‐item General Health Questionnaire, translated into Bahasa Indonesia, was administered to a probability sample of 1670 adults (94.9% of the target sample). The Present State Examination was conducted on a weighted subsample of 100, using a 2‐phase design. Overall morbidity rates were surprisingly similar to those in industrialized countries. A strong association was found between psychological symptoms and poverty. Persons belonging to communities that had progressed substantially in standards of living had fewer symptoms. The evidence points to a possibly beneficial effect of economic progress on mental health. Longitudinal data are needed to confirm this.
Attempted suicide and depression in schizophrenia
Authors: Addington D. E. , Addington J. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe relationships between symptoms and both prior suicide attempts and current suicidal thinking were examined in a sample of schizophrenics at 2 points in time. Fifty subjects meeting DSM‐III criteria for schizophrenia were assessed within 1 week of admission, and 41 were reassessed at a 6‐month follow‐up. On admission, prior suicide attempts were significantly associated with current depression, female sex, lower education and more frequent hospitalization. The association with depression remained significant at follow‐up. In addition, current suicidal thinking was associated with depression at both times but also with negative symptoms at time 1 and delusions and hallucinations at time 2. These findings confirm and strengthen prior reports of an association between depression and attempted suicide.
Depot preparations of disulfiram: experimental and clinical results
Authors: Johnsen J. , Mørland J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPatient compliance with disulfiram is a troublesome clinical problem. Several strategies have been proposed as a solution to the problem, including subcutaneous implantation of disulfiram. However, well controlled studies of alcoholics and healthy volunteers have failed to discover a pharmacological effect of implanted disulfiram. A major reason for this failure appears to be poor absorption from an inadequate dose. Assessment of new sustained release formulation of depot disulfiram has been found to provoke a mild disulfiram‐ethanol reaction (DER). Only a more severe DER would be expected to deter further drinking. If problems with absorption and appropriate dosing of disulfiram can be resolved or a depot preparation of the active metabolite of disulfiram can be prepared, implants might find continued clinical use.
Long‐term Antabuse treatment: tolerance and reasons for withdrawal
Authors: Berup C. , Kaiser A. , Jensen E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe studied 210 alcoholics, who were re‐admitted to a disulfiram treatment programme after having voluntarily discontinued disulfiram therapy, primarily to ascertain whether illness, hospitalization, or serious adverse effects were the cause of the withdrawal. A simple 9‐ item questionnaire was used. About 70 % of the patients gave either “a wish to drink again” or “no need for further treatment” as the reason. Withdrawal in the remaining patients was in no case related to adverse effects of disulfiram.The low incidence of adverse effects was confirmed in another group comprising 93 patients treated under supervision with disulfiram 600–800 mg twice a week for at least a year (i. e. total dose at least 70 g disulfiram). They were monitored by standard laboratory blood and urine tests. There were no clinically significant changes in the measures used. Indeed, many of the patients improved during the year of abstinence. These two studies add weight to the evidence that disulfiram is not a drug with a high incidence of adverse effects.
Platelet monoamine oxidase activity in mentally disordered violent offenders
Authors: Belfrage H. , Lidberg L. , Oreland L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) in blood platelets among criminals undergoing forensic psychiatric examinations was studied. As compulsiveness, disturbed perceptions of reality, etc. are states not known to be related to MAO and yet possibly cause aggressiveness and violence among psychotic patients, we divided the patients into 2 groups, psychotic and nonpsychotic offenders. There was lower MAO activity among violent offenders than among nonviolent offenders. The difference between the violent and nonviolent offenders became greater when the subjects with a history of psychosis were removed. Furthermore, in the group of psychotic offenders, there was no statistical difference between violent and nonviolent individuals in this regard.
Suicide related to human immunodeficiency virus infection in Stockholm
Authors: Rajs J. , Fugelstad A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDuring a 5‐year period (July 1, 1985 to June 30, 1990), a systematic investigation of medicolegal autopsy cases with regard to the occurrence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection was carried out at the Department of Forensic Medicine in Stockholm, Sweden. Cases where a positive result was obtained from enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting were counted as HIV‐positive (85 instances among 16,938 deaths, or 0.50%). Of these deaths, 21 (25%) were suicides. The number and proportion of suicides among HIV‐positive homo‐ and bisexual males increased during the study period but remained unchanged for infected intravenous drug addicts. This increase of suicides among homo‐ and bisexual males could be related to the duration of the infection and to the manifestation of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) symptoms. Only 1 of the 21 suicides occurred in a hospital; 17 were committed in the homes of the deceased and 3 outdoors. Medicinal drug overdosage was the dominant choice of suicide method. Six of 12 homo‐ and bisexual males who committed suicide were of non‐Swedish origin, i.e. immigrants, likely to have a less stable social network and thereby probably receiving less psychosocial support than the native population.
Natural autoantibodies in schizophrenia
Authors: Galinowski A. , Barbouche R. , Truffinet P. , Louzir H. , Poirier M. F. , Bouvet O. , Loo H. , Avrameas S. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAutoantibodies reacting with cell constituents other than antinuclear antibodies have seldom been reported in the literature on schizophrenia. Serum of 41 DSM‐III‐R schizophrenic patients was examined for the presence of various autoantibodies and compared with that of healthy volunteers (n= 10) and hospitalized controls. Titers of IgG, IgA and IgM autoantibodies directed against actin, tubulin, myosin, DNA, thyroglobulin, elastin, albumin, DNA and trinitrophenyl groups were determined using enzyme immunoassay. IgG and IgA titers were significantly decreased in schizophrenic patients. These results contrast with those obtained with various other autoimmune and nonautoimmune diseases in which titers are either unchanged or increased. A significant increase of various autoantibody levels was observed in the paranoid subgroup of schizophrenics compared with the disorganized subgroup. These autoantibodies possess characteristics similar to those of natural autoantibodies, which seem to play several biological roles.
Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Psychiatric Findings Before and After Shunt Operation Classified in a New Diagnostic System for Organic Psychiatry
Authors: Lindqvist G. , Andersson H. , Bilting M. , Blomstrand C. , Malmgren H. , Wikkelso C. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract23 patients with normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) underwent psychiatric examinations prior to and 80 days to 10 months after a ventriculo‐peritoneal shunt operation. A global evaluation of the effect of the operation on the patients' mental symptoms indicated appreciable improvement in 10 cases and slight improvement in a further 4. 8 patients were assessed as unchanged, and one as mentally deteriorated. The psychiatric analyses was based on a new diagnostic system created by two of die authors (G.L., H.M.). The patients manifested varying, often complex psychiatric symptom constellations with symptomatological components from two or more organic mental disorders. Before the operation a mild or a moderately severe somnolence‐sopor‐coma disorder (SSCD) was diagnosed in 10 cases. After the operation all these patients became free from symptoms of SSCD. This was die most unequivocal change in connection with die operation, and the elimination of all symptoms of SSCD was the single factor which most effectively contributed to the total therapeutical result in diese patients. All 23 cases were considered to have symptoms of a more or less severe astheno‐emotional disorder (AED) preoperatively. The degree of severity of this disorder could not be determined with satisfactory certainty in some of the patients with complex symptoms. Amongst the 17 cases where the preoperative symptomatology allowed for a reasonably precise calculation of the degree of severity of AED, 6 were assessed as markedly improved after the operation and 10 as largely unchanged. In one patient, symptoms of the AED increased when the postoperative course was complicated by a subdural haematoma. Symptoms of an emotional‐motivational blunting disorder (EMD) were diagnosed in 5 cases before the opera‐don. After the operation 3 of these patients were symptom free in this respect while 2 were unchanged. Slight or moderately severe symptoms of Korsakoff s amnestic disorder (KAD) were before the operation found in 7 cases: at the postoperative examination 6 of these cases were improved, of which 4 were free from such symptoms; one was unchanged. According to our experience, confident prognoses concerning die effect of the shunt operation on symptoms of SSCD can be made preoperatively, while, for a particular patient, the therapeutic effect on AED, EMD and KAD is often difficult, or sometimes impossible, to foresee. This article contains three case reports which represent different forms and courses of the mental symptom patterns.