bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Binding of 125I-labeled endotoxin to bovine, canine, and equine platelets and endotoxin-induced agglutination of canine platelets
Authors: Meyers K. M. , Boehme M. , Inbar O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Endotoxin from Escherichia coli O127:B8, Salmonella abortus-equi and S minnesota induced clumping of some canine platelets (plt) at a final endotoxin concentration of 1 μ/ml. Endotoxin-induced clumping of canine plt was independent of plt energy-requiring processes, because clumping was observed with canine plt incubated with 2-deoxy-d-glucose and antimycin A. The plt responded to adenosine diphosphate before, but not after, incubation with the metabolic inhibitors. Endotoxin induced a slight and inconsistant clumping of bovine and equine plt at high (mg/ml) endotoxin concentration. High-affinity binding sites could not be demonstrated on canine, bovine, and equine plt, using 125I-labeled E coli O127:B8 endotoxin. Nonspecific binding was observed and appeared to be due primarily to an extraneous coat on the plt surface that was removed by gel filtration. The endotoxin that was bound to plt did not appear to modify plt function. An attempt to identify plasma proteins that bound physiologically relevant amounts of endotoxin was not successful. The significance of the endotoxin-induced clumping or lack of it on the pathophysiology of endotoxemia is discussed.
Antibody response in lacteal secretions of cows after immunization with various concentrations of staphylococcal and streptococcal antigens
Authors: Opdebeeck J. P. , Norcross N. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 55 lactating Holstein cows were randomly allocated to 6 groups. Five of these groups (No. 2 through 6) were inoculated on 2 occasions in the region of the external inguinal lymph node with various concentrations of 3 bacterial antigens. Saline solution was administered to group 6 as a control. The antigen preparations consisted of a Staphylococcus aureus bacterin, a Streptococcus agalactiae bacterin, and staphylococcal a-toxoid. These antigens were administered as a composite preparation suspended in saline solution. The concentration of antibody in the lacteal secretions, represented by immunoglobulin G specific for each of the 3 vaccine antigens, was monitored during the 18-week experimental period by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The concentration of each of the 3 vaccine components which was required to stimulate a maximal immune response in the lactating gland appears to have been established.
Studies on immunity to Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae infections in mice
Authors: Sebunya T. N. K. , Saunders J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
A murine model of experimentally induced Haemophips pleuropneumoniae respiratory tract infections was developed and used to evaluate the efficacy of bacterins.
Various doses of 3 H pleuropneumoniae strains (serotype 1 and 5) were administered intranasally (in) to groups of anesthetized Swiss White mice. The accumulated mortality per group at 5 days after they were inoculated was used to calculate the median lethal dose (ld50), which ranged between 1.4 × 106 and 5.4 × 107 bacteria. There was correlation between dose administered, incubation period of the disease, and mortality. The induction of H pleuromeumoniae disease in the mouse was reproducible and resembled that of naturally occurring porcine Haemophilus pleuropneumonia.
The murine model of exposure was used to evaluate the efficacy of H pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 (strain B786760) bacterins administered subcutaneously (sc) and in. Vaccination by sc route induced slightly higher titers of specific seroagglutinins, compared with the response indluced by the in route, and the former was more effective in protecting mice against in challenge with H pleuropneunoniae. However, vaccination was not efficacious in mice given a challenge dose > 1.2 ldm. The percentage survival rates in the sc and in vaccinated mice were significantly greater than in the control groups at P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively.
Aprindine for treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in the dog
Authors: Muir William W. , Bonagura John D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Aprindine hydrochloride was administered iv and orally to 20 dogs with ventricular tachycardia. Seventeen of the 20 dogs had been unsuccessfully treated with conventional antiarrhythmic drugs. Fifteen of the 20 dogs converted to sinus rhythm after iv aprindine therapy, 4 dogs demonstrated marked slowing of their ventricular tachycardia, and 1 dog showed an increase in the rate of ventricular tachycardia. Emesis, ataxia, salivation, and nystamus were observed in 7 dogs after iv aprindine therapy. One dog developed clinical and laboratory evidence compatible with acute hepatitis.
Occurrence and characterization of plasmids in field isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica
Authors: Graham Amy C. , Abruzzo George K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-seven isolates of Bordetella bronchiseptica were examined for the presence of plasmid DNA. Eleven of the isolates contained plasmids. An attempt was made to correlate the presence of plasmids with resistance to a number of antibiotics or heavy metals or with production of bacteriocins. Eight of the isolates contained a plasmid of approximately 35 megadaltons molecular weight; these isolates were all resistant to 1 mM mercuric chloride. There were no other correlations between plasmid content and any of the phenotypes tested. The plasmids conferring resistance to mercuric chloride were transferred by conjugation to Escherichia coli K-12. The plasmid-bearing isolates were then compared with their isogenic plasmidless parent for resistance to a number of antibiotics. Isolates acquiring the plasmids demonstrated increased resistance to streptomycin and ampicillin, as well as to mercuric chloride. The 8 plasmids were also analyzed by restriction endonuclease digestion.
Comparison of two dose rates and two management systems for synchronization of estrus in cattle
Authors: Donaldson L. E. , Glaphin S. P. , Green G. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two dose rates and 2 management systems for the synchronization of estrus in cattle, using prostaglandin F2α (pgf2α), were compared within 3 dairy and 3 beef herds. There was no statistical difference in responses between herds or breeds. There was no statistical difference between the estrous response produced by the 12.5-mg dose rate (53.6%) and that produced by the 25-mg dose rate (56.7%, P = 0.5). The 10-day, 1-injection management system produced a 21.7% better estrous response than that produced by the 2-injection system (64.5% vs 42.8%, respectively; P = 0.0001). Most (79.5%) of the difference in estrous response between management systems was accounted for by cows not responding to the 2nd injection of the 2-injection system. The interval from injection to estrus after 1 pgf2α injection was shorter than after 2 pgf2α injections (63.6 ± 25.2 vs 70.3 ± 23.8 hours, respectively). The percentage of all cows in the artificial insemination program that were in estrus 56 to 80 hours after injection was 27.4%.
Experimentally induced Fasciola hepatica infection in young calves
Authors: Hall R. F. , Lang B. Z. , Waldhalm D. G. , Farrell C. J. , DeLong W. J. , Everson D. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-four calves between 1 and 66 days of age (allotted to 3 age groups) were each inoculated with 100 Fasciola hepatica metacercariae to determine their susceptibility to fluke infection. Studies included measuring the immune response, as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, fecal egg counts (to evaluate the length of the life cycle between times of metacercariae ingestion and fluke maturation), and the numbers of flukes in the liver of the calves at slaughter.
Fasciola hepatica ova started appearing in the feces of calves, all ages, at 60 days after inoculations were done and reached average maximal number by 80 to 90 days. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results indicated that the oldest group of calves had significantly (P < 0.01) greater antibody concentration from 6 weeks until the 18th to 20th week after inoculation than did the 2 younger groups. At slaughter, calves in the 52- to 66-day age group had mean fluke numbers significantly (P < 0.01) greater than did calves in the 1- to 27-day and 35- to 44-day age groups.
Socialization as a factor in resistance to infection, feed efficiency, and response to antigen in chickens
Authors: Gross W. B. , Siegel Paul B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chickens were habituated to human beings (socialized) by being talked to, offered food, and handled gently. After 7 weeks of socialization, the birds were challenge exposed with Escherichia coli. When compared with ignored groups, the socialized birds showed more than a 60% reduction in the prevalence of death and pericarditis. Furthermore, small flocks of socialized birds were more uniform in their response to E coli than were similar nonsocialized flocks. Socialized chickens also had improved feed efficiency and increased antibody response to canine rbc. Socialization was also applied easily to larger flocks of chickens.
Influence of density and location on degradation of sustained-release boluses given to cattle
Authors: Riner John L. , Byford Ronnie L. , Stratton Louie G. , Hair Jakie A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
To better understand the factors involved in erosion of sustained-release ruminal boluses, studies were conducted to determine the relationship between density of the bolus and location in the forestomachs and the influence of these factors on bolus erosion. Boluses with densities of 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4 g/cm3 were produced from inert materials and administered to 6 fistulated Hereford heifers. A minimum density of 1.6 g/cm3 was required to prevent regurgitation from the ruminoreticulum and a minimum of 2.0 g/cm31 for retention in the reticulum. Release of oxytetracycline from 2 boluses placed in the reticulum or in the rumen was measured in 12 fistulated Hereford heifers. Boluses retained in the reticulum had higher rates of release (P < 0.05) than those in the rumen. The smaller reticular compartment apparently caused greater contact between individual boluses and resulted in more rapid erosion.
Serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica in sheep in the midwestern United States
Authors: Frank G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nasal secretions were collected from healthy lambs from flocks in Iowa and the surrounding states for 2 consecutive years. The 1st year, 322 lambs from 61 flocks yielded 202 Pasteurella haemolytica isolates, representing 9 established serotypes and 30 untypeable isolates. The 2nd year, 249 lambs from 49 flocks yielded 73 isolates, representing 9 established serotypes and 7 untypeable isolates. More isolates belonged to serotype 2 than to any other serotype. Serotypes 3, 4, and 10 (members of biotype T), were not isolated. Serotype 12 was also isolated and identified.
Immediate effects of metrizamide myelography on electromyographic findings in dogs
Authors: Knecht Charles D. , Hathcock John T. , Redding Richard W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Electromyographic (emg) findings were recorded before, immediately after, and 5 minutes after metrizamide myelography and epidurography in 13 clinically normal dogs. Motor unit potentials were observed immediately after injection in 6 of 13 myelograms, 6 of 11 ventrodorsal epidurograms 1 of 12 lateral epidurograms. Because emg abnormalities did not persist for 5 minutes, reliable emg can be recorded after metrizamide myelography and epidurography.
Porphyrin values and treatment of feline solar dermatitis
Authors: Irving R. A. , Day R. S. , Eales L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixteen cats with solar dermatitis were examined for heme biosynthesis abnormalities, and the results were compared with data obtained from 142 normal cats. Evidence of feline porphyria related to solar dermatitis was not established; however, carotenoid therapy was often successful.
Experimental lead toxicosis in ponies: Comparison of the effects of smelter effluent-contaminated hay and lead acetate
Authors: Burrows G. E. , Borchard R. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Grass hay produced in the Coeur d'Alene River Basin of northern Idaho was fed to a group of 4 ponies. The hay contained Pb in concentration of 423 ± 82 mg/kg and Cd in concentration of 10.8 ± 1.4 mg/kg, resulting in daily exposures of the ponies to approximately 7.4 mg of Pb/kg and 0.19 mg of Cd/kg/day. The results in this group of ponies were compared with those from a group fed noncontaminated grass hay and given a daily dose of 10 mg of Pb/kg of body weight, in the form of lead acetate. Clinical toxicologic signs, hematologic changes, and blood and tissue Pb concentrations were similar in the 2 groups. However, the severity of the disease process appeared to be greater in the ponies fed the Pb- and Cd-contaminated hay. This was shown clearly by the shorter interval between onset of clinical changes and death in the ponies fed contaminated hay. The possibility of multiple heavy metal effects is discussed. Clinical toxicologic signs observed include incoordination, labial paresis, pharyngeal paresis, cns depression, anorexia, and body weight loss. Anemia or marginal anemia was common and was often accompanied by the appearance of nucleated rbc and Howell-Jolly bodies in peripheral blood. Neither the hematologic response nor the blood Pb concentrations were reflective of the severity of poisoning, although blood Pb concentrations were > 0.35 μg/ml once clinical signs of toxicity were observed. Liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and bone Pb concentrations and liver, kidney, and brain Cd concentrations were increased in both the ponies fed contaminated hay and the ponies given lead acetate.
Dynamics of nonclinical bovine intramammary infections with major and minor pathogens
Authors: Rainard P. , Poutrel B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Udder infections were recorded in 3 herds throughout a lactation period with bacteriologic examination being done at 3-week intervals. New infection rates and levels of infection at calving differed significantly (P < 0.001) between herds, but persistence of infection did not. Of the 324 infections, 80.5% lasted up to drying off. Of quarters infected with major pathogens, 16.8% eliminated their infection (63% became reinfected); 20.8% of quarters infected with minor pathogens eliminated their infection (43% became reinfected).
Significant differences in persistence of infections, quarter clearing rate (defined as the rate at which infected quarters become and remain noninfected) and ability to give way to and to take place of a preexistent infection, did not occur between Corynebacterium bovis and major pathogens. Though 66% of coagulase-negative staphylococci infections persisted up to drying off, they disappeared more frequently (P < 0.01).
Complete immobility produced in dogs by xylazineatropine: Antagonism by 4-aminopyridine and yohimbine
Authors: Wallner Barbara M. , Hatch Roger C. , Booth Nicholas H. , Kitzman Joseph V. , Clark J. A Derrell , Brown John 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Fasted, atropinzeed crossbred dogs of both sexes (6 dogs/group) were injected im with a standard dose (2.2 mg/kg) of xylazine. When fully sedated, the dogs were given an iv injection of a large dose (0.5 mg/kg) of atropine sulfate. The dogs became completely relaxed and immobile. Pedal, jaw, tongue, palpebral, and righting reflexes were decreased or abolished. The cough reflex remained intact. Respiration was not depressed. Heart rate increased somewhat, and mucous membranes retained a healthy pink color. The dogs did not respond to auditory or pin-prick stimuli and could not be aroused.
When fully immobilized (3 to 13 minutes), the dogs were injected iv with saline solution (controls), 4-aminopyridine (4-ap; 0.3 mg/kg), yohimbine (0.125 mg/kg), or the combination of 4-ap + yohimbine. Mean times to ability to walk on leash after injection of test substances were as follows: 76 minutes for controls; 25.4 minutes for dogs given 4-ap; 8.7 minutes for dogs given yohimbine; and 4.8 minutes for dogs given 4-ap + yohimbine. Mean times for total recovery of spontaneous activity and eating were 3.8 hours, 2.5 hours, 1.1 hours, and 1.6 hours, respectively. Relapse to unconsciousness did not occur in dogs given 4-ap, yohimbine, or 4-ap + yohimbine. During early recovery, several dogs treated with 4-ap + yohimbine had mild delirium, typical of a large dose of atropine. Otherwise, recovery was without unusual effects.
Four atropinized dogs were immobilized with xylazine-atropine (large dose). Cannulas and electrodes were placed for measurement of lead II ecg, biceps femoris bipolar emg, parietal monopolar eeg, and femoral arterial pressure. Respiration was measured by pneumograph cuff and by a minute volume meter attached to an endotracheal tube. All margins of wounds (used in instrumentation) were moistened with lidocaine.
The iv injection of the combination of 4-ap + yohimbine caused (in order)—(i) a decrease in initially elevated arterial pressure and an increase in respiratory rate, depth, and minute volume (“respiratory lift” was also observed in intact dogs), (ii) slight increase in heart rate without cardiac arrhythmias, (iii) emg activity preceding and accompanying gross muscle movements; (increased frequency of high voltage slow waves and of superimposed low voltage activity in eeg tracings [also preceding and accompanying gross muscle movements]); and (iv) behavioral arousal in 2 to 4 minutes.
The results indicate that dogs can be safely and completely immobilized with a combination of xylazine-atropine (large dose), that this immobile state may be useful in conducting several minor surgical procedures in veterinary practice, and that surgical operation might be performed with supplemental xylazine and local anesthetic. A major advantage of inducing this immobility with xylazine-atropine (large dose) is its prompt antagonism by 4-ap + yohimbine.
Effects of tylosin feeding on the antibiotic resistance of selected gram-positive bacteria in pigs
Authors: Christie P. J. , Davidson J. N. , Novick R. P. , Dunny G. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
The effect of tylosin on macrolide resistance of gram-positive bacteria of pigs was determined. After an initial base-line period during which the pigs were given antibiotic-free feed, 1 group of 8 pigs was given tylosin feed (100 g/US ton of feed), and a 2nd group of 7 was given antibiotic-free feed. Samples were taken at 2- to 3-week intervals. For each pig, rectal, skin, and nasal swab samples were collected for enumeration of fecal streptococci and skin and nasal staphylococci. Percentages of macrolide resistant organisms of each group were tabulated on the basis of colony counts from antibiotic free and erythromycin-containing plates. After the introduction of tylosin into the feed of 1 group, a clear difference between the 2 groups with respect to the macrolide resistance of their gram-positive microflora was observed. The data indicate that tylosin feeding results in an increase in macrolide resistance of the bacterial flora of pigs.
Cardiopulmonary effects of thiopental/lidocaine combination during anesthetic induction in the dog
Authors: Rawlings Clarence A. , Kolata Ronald J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The cardiopulmonary effects and tendencies to produce ventricular arrhythmias were evaluated in 13 dogs given a surgical plane of anesthesia by thiopental (iv) or a combination of thiopental and lidocaine (iv). Thiopental (22 mg/kg of body weight) was compared with a combination of thiopental (11 mg/kg) and lidocaine (8.8 mg/kg). Preanesthetic agents were not given. Both methods for iv anesthesia provided a smooth induction suitable for easy intubation. The thiopental/lidocaine combination had a shorter duration, produced no arrhythmias, and resulted in less cardiopulmonary depression than did thiopental alone. Bigeminy developed after intubation during 19 of 20 thiopental inductions as compared with that in 0 of 22 thiopental/lidocaine inductions. The bigeminies were preceded by systemic hypertension and tachycardia which developed as the trachea was being intubated. The increase in aortic pressure and heart rate was minimal after intubation during the thiopental/lidocaine inductions. Five minutes after administration of thiopental alone, increases in heart rate, aortic pressure, total peripheral vascular resistance, and left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures were observed. When these increases in rate, preload, and afterload were considered in relation to a stabile maximum positive first derivative of left ventricular pressure, left ventricular contractility was considered to be decreased. Mild respiratory acidosis and hypoxemia were present at 5 and 10 minutes after thiopental induction. Because the combination of thiopental/lidocaine had less cardiopulmonary depressive effects and protected against arrhythmias, it would appear to be a good method for anesthetic induction of the patient with cardiopulmonary disease. In the patient with normal cardiopulmonary function, thiopental produces only a moderate and reversible depression.
Hemagglutination with formalin-fixed erythrocytes for detection of canine parvovirus
Authors: Mathys A. , Mueller R. , Pedersen N. C. , Theilen G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Formalin-fixed rhesus macaque erythrocytes were tested for their suitability in a hemagglutination (ha) test for detection of canine parvovirus in feces. Formalin fixation of the rbc had no adverse influence on ha sensitivity or specificity, simplified the test procedure, and provided a practical means for standardization of ha results.
Vaccination of pony foals with M-like protein of Streptococcus equi
Authors: Srivastava S. K. , Barnum D. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The M-like protein of Streptococcus equi was precipitated with alum and inoculated into rabbits and foals. Samples were tested for serum and nasal passive hemagglutinating antibody (pha) levels and for the stimulation response of lymphocytes. The highest pha titers in rabbits occurred at the time of the 3rd dose or 13 days after the 3rd dose. These titers decreased by 26 days after the 3rd dose, but increased after the rabbits were given a booster dose.
Foals showed maximal mean stimulation indices and serum pha levels at 15 days after the 3rd M-like protein vaccination. The pha titers of these foals did not change significantly throughout the postvaccination and postchallenge period, whereas the stimulation indices decreased. Sera collected from foals with pha (10 × log2) titers of 10 had a strong mouse-protecting ability. This ability to protect mice decreased with decreased pha titers. Highest nasal antibody levels in the vaccinated foals were detected at either 15 or 21 days after the 3rd vaccine dose was given. These levels were significantly higher in those foals which were given the vaccine im and intranasally than in the foals vaccinated by the im route alone.
Three of 5 vaccinated foals developed the disease after an intranasal challenge exposure with S equi, and another 5 were resistant to a challenge exposure to a foal with acute disease.