bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fetal dilated cardiomyopathy: an unsuspected presentation of methylmalonic aciduria and hyperhomocystinuria, cblC type
Authors: De Bie Isabelle , Nizard Sonia Dal Pozzo , Mitchell Grant A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo report the prenatal presentation with dilated cardiomyopathy of methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblC type [cobalamin C (cblC) deficiency] (MIM 277400).MethodWe describe a boy with cblC deficiency who presented prenatally with fetal ultrasound findings of dilated cardiomyopathy and growth restriction.ResultsDilated cardiomyopathy and growth retardation were detected in the third trimester of an initially uncomplicated pregnancy. Investigations were negative for chromosomal and other known causes. Growth restriction persisted but fetal heart function improved. Postnatal biochemical evaluation revealed combined methylmalonic acidemia and homocystinemia. Molecular investigations confirmed cblC deficiency. Initiation of treatment was followed by rapid clinical improvement.ConclusionPrenatal dilated cardiomyopathy can be the presenting sign of cblC deficiency. Inborn errors of metabolism should be considered in the investigation of prenatally diagnosed dilated cardiomyopathy in view of the possible impact on treatment and future reproductive options, in some of these conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Isolated fetal umbilical vein varix—prenatal sonographic diagnosis and suggested management
Authors: Weissmann‐Brenner Alina , Simchen Michal J. , Moran Orit , Kassif Eran , Achiron Reuven , Zalel Yaron 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo present our experience with fetuses with umbilical vein varix (UVV), to investigate possible risk factors and to suggest a management scheme of evaluation.Study DesignA study of 14 pregnancies complicated with isolated UVV was performed. Data collected included sonographic characteristics of the UVV, pregnancy outcome including induction of labour, mode of delivery, birthweight, and neonatal complications.ResultsUVV was diagnosed at a median gestational age of 27.5 weeks' gestation (range: 22–34 weeks). The average diameter of the UVV at diagnosis was 10.6 mm (range: 8–15 mm), and the maximal diameter during follow‐up was 12.8 mm (range: 10–18 mm). The median gestational age at delivery was 36.1 weeks (range: 34–40 weeks), with an average birthweight of 2834 g (range: 1725–3715 g). Five women underwent emergent cesarean section. In fetuses with turbulent flow in the UVV there was a tendency to larger maximal sizes of the UVV, earlier gestational age at delivery and smaller birthweight. There were no cases of fetal or neonatal demise.ConclusionsWe suggest that fetuses with UVV should be followed weekly from diagnosis to 28 weeks, and twice a week afterwards. Induction of labour should be considered at 36–37 weeks' gestation or at signs of fetal distress. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Physical activity preferences of ovarian cancer survivors
Authors: Stevinson Clare , Capstick Valerie , Schepansky Alexandra , Tonkin Katia , Vallance Jeffrey K. , Ladha Aliya B. , Steed Helen , Faught Wylam , Courneya Kerry S. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractObjective: Regular physical activity is positively associated with quality of life in ovarian cancer survivors, but no data exist on how best to promote activity in this population. This study investigated the interests and preferences of ovarian cancer survivors with regard to physical activity participation.Methods: A provincial, population‐based postal survey of ovarian cancer survivors in Alberta, Canada, was performed including measures of self‐reported physical activity, medical and demographic variables, and physical activity preferences.Results: A total of 359 women participated (51.4% response rate). Over half expressed interest in participating in a physical activity program (53.8%), with a further 32.9% maybe interested. The most common preferences were for programs to be home‐based (48.9%), start post‐treatment (69.5%), and involve walking (62.7%). There were differences in preferences based on demographic, but not medical, factors.Conclusion: The majority of ovarian cancer survivors expressed interest in participating in physical activity programs; however, some preferences varied by demographic factors. Designing physical activity interventions according to these preferences may optimize adherence and outcomes in ovarian cancer survivors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The use of the Pareto shape parameter as a leading indicator of process safety performance
Authors: Henselwood Fred 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMetrics addressing process safety incident performance typically focus on frequency and severity statistics. Often, these lagging metrics are not overly sensitive to actual performance, making trending and forecasting difficult. This article presents the results from a statistical study of a large incident dataset where changes in the Pareto shape parameter were observed as a function of time. This approach has been found to give far better insight into process safety performance than traditional incident metrics and readily relates back to concepts such as the “incident triangle” and “layers of protection.” Through the application of this approach, trends within process safety incident performance have been observed earlier, and more accurate forecasting has allowed for the identification of anomalies. In turn, these critical observations have allowed for the better structuring and targeting of process safety programs. Although incident data are generally considered as a lagging indicator, this approach has clearly reduced the lag time associated with this type of data and has given valuable insight into the current status of process safety performance. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 2009
Safe management of unforeseen delays in mechanical integrity inspection schedules
Authors: Willis James H. , Thomas Harold W. , Dunbobbin Brian R. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe days of “frequent” annual maintenance outages where mechanical integrity (MI) testing and inspections are performed are gone. The new reality of modern industrial gas and chemical plant operation includes increasing durations between scheduled maintenance down time that have sometimes reached 5 years and beyond. In addition, in the interest of keeping initial capital cost under control, there is constant pressure to restrict redundant architectures and systems intended to allow maintenance while running the plant.Safety systems that have the potential for unrevealed failures lead to required plant down times to properly test and inspect those systems. Because our customers expect high reliability with long runs between maintenance outages it is prudent to design our facilities and MI plans to meet the agreed commercial strategy. However, unforeseen events can cause delays in maintenance outages and thus our window to complete mandatory MI activities. Air Products' process for reviewing the consequence and likelihood of these delays allows appropriate action to be taken to ensure continued safe operation while complying with customer needs to reschedule downtime windows to the greatest extent possible.This article outlines the policy used to review and manage the effects of inspection and test delays on facility risk. The hazard review process is administered and documented through the company's existing management of change process. The review itself is handled using a team with diverse technical expertise that can uncover and address key factors affecting safety. Levels of approval are based on the expected length of the planned delay. Duration of the extension (planned delays) dictates the level of technical reviews and provides guidance as to whether qualitative or quantitative techniques are appropriate. In either case, mitigation techniques may be used to temporarily manage the increased level of risk associated with the inspection or test delay.The implementation of this recommended process is challenging as the plant culture migrates from one of local decision and control to one of understanding the multidisciplinary safety impact these delays create. The preferred solution is always to find a way to perform the task as planned or by using alternate “on stream” inspection methods without requiring an extension review. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Using measured performance as a process safety leading indicator
Authors: Harrington Kenneth H. , Thomas Harold W. , Kadri Shakeel 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPeriodic demands on layers of protection (i.e., prealarms, safety instrumented functions, relief devices, emergency response systems, etc.) are precursors to more serious incidents. The failure of one or more layers of protection is always part of an accident sequence. When they occur documenting these demands and the associated consequences in a way to facilitate analysis, provides a means to measure process safety management performance. Although process safety metrics are still in their adolescence, this article reviews experiences of development and implementation of a “Challenges to Safety Systems” process safety performance indicator. This article includes a discussion of automating significant portions of the data collection process based on the technical work documented by the CCPS PERD (Process Equipment Reliability Database) initiative. The article also recommends various metrics that can be calculated and describes how the initial foundation developed to support improved process safety can be leveraged to achieve other benefits, such as design improvements and improvements in the reliability, operation, and maintenance of the facility. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2009
Dielectric properties of high‐Tc ceramics based on BaTiO3 with (111) texture characteristics
Authors: Kuang S. J. , Tang X. G. , Cheng T. D. , Ding N. , Liu Q. X. 
Published: February 2009

Abstract0.94BaTiO3–(0.06–x)Bi0.5Li0.5TiO3–x Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (abbreviated as BT–BLT–BNT with x = 0, 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, 0.06) ceramics were prepared by the traditional ceramic processing route. The structure, dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction, the temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity, and hysteresis loop measurements. These results showed that all compositions have the perovskite tetragonal phase structure, and the phase‐transition temperature Tc is increasing with increasing x, the Tc is 163 °C for x equal 0.06; and the samples have good ferroelectric properties with lower coercive field and higher remanent polarization. BT–BLT–BNT ceramics prove to be a promising candidate for high‐Tc lead‐free ceramics. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thin‐film intermediate band photovoltaics: advanced concepts for chalcopyrite solar cells
Authors: Marrón David Fuertes , Martí Antonio , Luque Antonio 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe have studied the potential of thin‐film photovoltaic devices provided with an intermediate band (IB). Cu‐containing chalcopyrites appear as promising candidates, with maximum theoretical efficiencies above 45% under ideal conditions. This figure has been re‐evaluated by considering a number of non‐idealities, like optical and current losses and nonradiative recombination that affect current chalcopyrite‐based devices. Strategies for the practical implementation of IBs in chalcopyrite hosts will be discussed, including the incorporation of foreign impurities in the chalcopyrite structure at substitutional sites of the cation sublattice and the realisation of nanostructured devices. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Type‐II excitons in ZnTe/ZnSe quantum dots
Authors: André Régis , Najjar Rita , Besombes Lucien , Bougerol Catherine , Tatarenko Serge , Mariette Henri 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe present the photoluminescence and time resolved photoluminescence properties of an ensemble of ZnTe quantum dots embedded in a ZnSe matrix. Those heterostructures exhibit a type‐II band alignment with holes confined within the dots and electrons kept in the close vicinity of the dots by coulomb attraction. We show that the structural and optical features of the samples, grown by molecular beam epitaxy, are highly sensitive to the growth conditions. Depending on the Se to Zn flux ratio, the ZnTe islands can disappear and lead to a thin 2D quantum well, or be preserved and localize excitons, as evidenced by photoluminescence experiments. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Theory of light‐induced force microscopy to observe collective excited states in quantum‐dot‐array
Authors: Iida Takuya , Ishihara Hajime 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe theoretically clarify the possibilities to observe the quantum properties of collective excited states in a QD‐array by a new type of scanning force microscopy based on light‐induced force (LIF). It has been clarified that eigenenergies of an electromagnetically coupled QD‐array can be determined through the photon energy spectra of LIF on a probe‐tip. When a collective excited state is selectively excited, the attractive or repulsive LIF is exerted on a probe above particular QDs reflecting the various spatial pattern of excited collective mode of QDs. Obtained results indicate the potential of the LIF microscopy for the direct observation of the spatial structures of quantum states in coherently coupled QDs. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Quality assurance considerations in chemical analysis
Authors: Rauf M. A. , Hanan A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractQuality Assurance (QA) for an analytical laboratory is an essential tool to ensure good comparability of data. In order to achieve this purpose, processes are monitored and performance problems are systematically solved. A variety of texts exists such as Good Laboratory Practice and the Quality Assurance Systems ISO 9001 and ISO 17025. However, these international standards provide only general rules to install and maintain a quality system. It remains the responsibility of the laboratory to define appropriate procedures to ensure that proper quality is achieved. Adherence to QA guidelines, participation in inter‐laboratory studies, use of reference materials (RM) and certified reference materials (CRM) are all means of achieving good data quality for determinations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Current challenges for FDA‐regulated bioanalytical laboratories performing human BA/BE studies; Part III: selected discussion topics in bioanalytical LC/MS/MS method validation
Authors: Chow Frank , Ocampo Arlene , Vogel Paul , Lum Steven , Tran Nhan 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThis article is the third of a three‐part series that deals with current compliance issues/challenges for bioanalytical laboratories performing analysis for bioavailability (BA)/bioequivalence (BE) studies. Part 1 of this series discusses the application of key elements from the FDA Good Laboratory Practices (GLP) and the current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) regulations as the framework for the implementation of sound Quality Systems in a bioanalytical laboratory to be in compliance with current regulatory expectations. Part 2 discusses recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inspection trends for bioanalytical laboratories and provides an overview of the recent FDA 483 observations related to LC/MS/MS method validation issued to bioanalytical laboratories. This current article provides a more in‐depth analysis of the scientific and compliance aspects of different approaches for selected validation parameters of LC/MS/MS bioanalytical methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anvil clouds of tropical mesoscale convective systems in monsoon regions
Authors: Cetrone Jasmine , Houze Robert A. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe anvil clouds of tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in West Africa, the Maritime Continent and the Bay of Bengal have been examined with TRMM and CloudSat satellite data and ARM ground‐based radar observations. The anvils spreading out from the precipitating cores of MCSs are subdivided into thick, medium and thin portions. The thick portions of anvils show distinct differences from one climatological regime to another. In their upper portions, the thick anvils of West Africa MCSs have a broad, flat histogram of reflectivity, and a maximum of reflectivity in their lower portions. The reflectivity histogram of the Bay of Bengal thick anvils has a sharply peaked distribution of reflectivity at all altitudes with modal values that increase monotonically downward. The reflectivity histogram of the Maritime Continent thick anvils is intermediate between that of the West Africa and Bay of Bengal anvils, consistent with the fact this region comprises a mix of land and ocean influences. It is suggested that the difference between the statistics of the continental and oceanic anvils is related to some combination of two factors: (1) the West African anvils tend to be closely tied to the convective regions of MCSs while the oceanic anvils are more likely to be extending outward from large stratiform precipitation areas of MCSs, and (2) the West African MCSs result from greater buoyancy, so that the convective cells are more likely to produce graupel particles and detrain them into anvils. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Behavior modes, pathways and overall trajectories: eigenvector and eigenvalue analysis of dynamic systems
Authors: Gonçalves Paulo 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOne of the most fundamental principles in system dynamics is the premise that the structure of the system will generate its behavior. Such a philosophical position has fostered the development of a number of formal methods aimed at understanding the causes of model behavior. Behavior, to most in the field of system dynamics, is commonly interpreted as modes of behavior (e.g., exponential growth, exponential decay, and oscillation) because of their direct association with the feedback loops (e.g., reinforcing, balancing, and balancing with delays, respectively) that generate them. Hence, traditional research on formal model analysis has emphasized which loops cause a particular “mode” of behavior, with eigenvalues representing the most important link between structure and behavior. The main contribution of this work arises from a choice to focus our analysis on the overall trajectory of a state variable, instead of only a specific behavior mode. Since the overall behavior trajectory of state variable xi(t) is determined by a linear combination of the product of eigenvector components (rji) and behavior modes ($e^{l_jt}$) generated by eigenvalues (λj), contributions from both eigenvalues and eigenvectors are important. By studying how the overall trajectory changes due to changes in link (or loop) gains, we observe that the derivatives of eigenvectors are more closely associated with the short‐term transient impact of those changes, whereas derivatives of eigenvalues are associated with the long‐term impact. Since we care deeply about both the short‐ and the long‐term impact of those changes, there is value in looking at the contributions from both eigenvalues and eigenvectors. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thinking strategically about thinking strategically: the computational structure and dynamics of managerial problem selection and formulation
Authors: Moldoveanu Mihnea 
Published: February 2009

AbstractA new model of managerial problem formulation is introduced and developed to answer the question: ‘What kinds of problems do strategic managers engage in solving and why?’ The article proposes that a key decision metric for choosing among alternative problem statements is the computational complexity of the solution algorithm of alternative statements. Managerial problem statements are grouped into two classes on the basis of their computational complexity: P‐type problems (canonically easy ones) and NP‐type problems (hard ones). The new model of managerial cognitive choice posits that managers prefer to engage with and solve P‐type problems over solving NP‐type problems. The model explains common patterns of managerial reasoning and decision making, including many documented ‘biases’ and simplifying heuristics, and points the way to new effects and novel empirical investigations of problem solving‐oriented thinking in strategic management and types of generic strategies, driven by predictions about the kinds of market‐ and industry‐level changes that managers will or will not respond to. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rational shaping of liquid crystalline diacylaminophenyl platforms equipped with chelating fragments, fluorescent dyes, and square planar platinum complexes
Authors: Ziessel Raymond , Camerel Franck , Donnio Bertrand 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRecent investigations from our laboratory have described compelling experimental evidences that the use of a central 4‐methyl‐3,5‐diacylaminophenyl platform functionalized with two lateral aromatic rings each bearing three appended aliphatic chains is well‐suited to produce liquid crystalline materials, some of which carrying at the tips (A‐substitution position) chelating fragments such as phenanthroline, terpyridine, alkynyl functions, crown ethers or highly luminescent subunits such as difluoroboradiazaindacene or cationic platinum‐terpyridine complexes. An important carvet of this research program is that the presence of amide functions likely stabilizes the mesophases by hydrogen bondings. Judicious grafting of polycatenar tails to the platform insures formation of mesomorphic materials over a large temperature range. Careful design of the system by the direct connection of the platform via alkyne bonds to square planar platinum centers give rise to intriguing phosphorescent metallomesogens. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 1–23; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20164
Homologation and alkylation of boronic esters and boranes by 1,2‐metallate rearrangement of boron ate complexes
Authors: Thomas Stephen P. , French Rosalind M. , Jheengut Vishal , Aggarwal Varinder K. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOrganoboranes and boronic esters readily undergo nucleophilic addition, and if the nucleophile also bears an α‐leaving group, 1,2‐metallate rearrangement of the ate complex results. Through such a process a carbon chain can be extended, usually with high stereocontrol and this is the focus of this review. A chiral boronic ester (substrate control) can be used for stereocontrolled homologations with (dichloromethyl)lithium in the presence of ZnCl2. Subsequent alkylation by an organometallic reagent also occurs with high levels of stereocontrol. Chiral lithiated carbanions (reagent control) can also be used for the reaction sequence with achiral boronic esters and boranes. Aryl‐stabilized sulfur ylide derived chiral carbanions can be homologated with a range of boranes including vinyl boranes in good yield and high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity. Lithiated alkyl chlorides react with boronic esters, again with high stereocontrol, but both sets of reactions are limited in scope. Chiral lithiated carbamates show the greatest substrate scope and react with both boronic esters and boranes with excellent enantioselectivity. Furthermore, iterative homologation with chiral lithiated carbamates allows carbon chains to be “grown” with control over relative and absolute stereochemistry. The factors responsible for stereocontrol are discussed. © 2009 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 9: 24–39; 2009: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20168