bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A ganglion of the temporomandibular joint presenting as a parotid tumor
Authors: Kinkead Lewis R. , Bennett James E. , Tomich Charles E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ganglion is described, and 4 previously reported cases are noted. In all cases, initial diagnosis of parotid neoplasm proved incorrect at surgical exploration. Management of all cases consisted of identification of the facial nerve and excision of the ganglion with a cuff of TMJ capsule. The diagnosis of TMJ ganglion should be entertained when a presumed parotid neoplasm changes in size or position with jaw movement.
Diagnosis of salivary gland tumors by fine needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Sismanis Aristides , Merriam Joseph M. , Kline Tilde S. , Davis R. Kim , Shapshay Stanley M. , Strong M. Stuart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytologic findings of 51 smears obtained by fine needle aspiration biopsy from salivary gland masses were compared with the histologic findings of permanent sections. The overall concurrence rate between cytologic and histologic findings for benign and malignant lesions was 91%. The diagnostic accuracy (exact histologic diagnosis) for the benign lesions was 87% and for the malignant tumors 60%. One case showed false‐positive results and 1 case false‐negative results. Fine needle aspiration biopsy has been found to be safe, free of complications, and helpful in the planning of treatment.
Thyroid function after radiotherapy and laryngectomy for carcinoma of the larynx
Authors: Palmer B. V. , Gaggar N. , Shaw H. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTotal levels of thyroxine (T4) and thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured in 37 patients who had previously had carcinoma of the larynx treated by radiotherapy and total laryngectomy with thyroid lobectomy. Ten percent of the patients had clinical features of hypothyroidism and 30% had total T4 levels below the lower limit of normal. A further 40% had results in the low normal range. Forty‐four percent of patients had raised TSH levels, 90% of these having low or low normal T4 levels. The histology of the thyroid gland was normal in all 37 patients. Attention should be given to preserving intact the vasculature of the contralateral thyroid lobe whenever it is necessary to remove the ipsilateral thyroid lobe during a laryngectomy. Proper postoperative assessment of thyroid gland function is desirable in all these patients to identity those at risk of hypothyroidism and to avoid unnecessary morbidity.
Peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Shugar Joel M. A. , Son Peter M. , Biller Hugh F. , Som Max L. , Krespi Yosef P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOnly 4% of peripheral nerve sheath tumors of the head and neck occur in the paranasal sinuses. The most commonly involved sinus is the maxillary antrum and the most common histologic type is benign schwannoma. Two new cases of schwannoma occurring in the sphenoid and maxillary sinuses are reported. The clinical pathologic, and radiographic features of these lesions are reviewed.
Clinical pharmacology of bleomycin and cisplatin
Authors: Evans William E. , Yee Gary C. , Crom William R. , Pratt Charles B. , Green Alexander A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBleomycin (Blenoxane) and cisplatin (Platinol) are two anticancer drugs with activity for head and neck tumors. Introduced into clinical use in the past ten years, bleomycin is used primarily in the chemotherapy of squamous cell carcinomas, lymphomas, and testicular carcinoma, while cisplatin is effective against testicular and ovarian carcinoma, head and neck cancer, bladder cancer, and neuroblastoma. Bleomycin is rapidly excreted renally (T1/2β = 2‐4 hr) although enzymatic inactivation also occurs in many tissues. Cisplatin is nonenzymatically converted to highly protein‐bound metabolites, which then undergo renal elimination, but total body clearance occurs much more slowly than with bleomycin (T 1/2β = 40‐50 hr). Both agents have acute and chronic toxicities; the acute toxicities are generally reversible but cause a great deal of patient discomfort, while the chronic toxicities are often irreversible and dose‐limiting. For bleomycin, the acute toxicities are mucocutaneous and pyretic, while severe nausea and vomiting represent the major acute toxicities of cisplatin therapy. Cumulative dose‐related pulmonary toxicity is the most serious chronic toxicity of bleomycin. The clinical, radiographic, and pathologic presentations are nonspecific, although identification of high‐risk patients may be possible with serial pulmonary function tests. Cumulative nephrotoxicity occurs with cisplatin use and its incidence and severity can be reduced by maintaining adequate hydration and diuresis during and following administration of the drug.
Exenteration of the orbit using a frontal periosteal flap
Authors: Sevel D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe technique of exenteration of the orbit described is used for orbital malignancies confined to the orbit without lid involvement and without overt evidence of metastases. The exenterated orbit is covered by a periosteal flap derived from the frontal bone. The procedure is simple, shortens the duration of the operation and allows for both pre‐ and postoperative radiotherapy. The procedure is particularly useful in children because of the minimal blood loss compared with exenteration using a temporalis muscle flap.
Postoperative recurrent nerve palsy
Authors: Hockauf Heidemarie , Sailer R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring the past seven years, a total of 1,713 patients underwent strumectomy for a variety of causes at the University of Düsseldorf. Unilateral palsies of the recurrent nerve developed in 147 patients. Both vocal cords were paralyzed in 22 patients. Of the 147 patients with unilateral palsies, 53 patients were available for follow‐up examination after one year. In 28 of these patients, complete paresis of the vocal cord remained. Twenty‐three patients showed complete recovery and normal function of the affected cord. In two patients, reduced but marked mobility of the previously completely paralyzed vocal cord was present. Of the 22 patients with bilateral recurrent nerve palsies, 10 were available for follow‐up examination one year later. In three of these patients vocal cord movement was still absent, in three others one vocal cord showed normal function, and in only one patient did both vocal cords reveal normal physiologic mobility. Three other patients demonstrated a reduced but marked mobility of one vocal cord. The results are discussed in relation to the clinical and histologic data.
The current status of carotid artery surgery
Authors: Bardin Joshua A. , Bernstein Eugene F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe natural history of extracranial cerebrovascular disease and available alternatives in its treatment are reviewed. An evaluation of the evidence suggests that carotid endarterectomy is the treatment of choice in patients with transient ischemic deficits, provided that an anatomically appropriate lesion can be identified. These patients have a 25‐38% chance of stroke if untreated, which can be reduced to 5‐10% by carotid endarterectomy. Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis who are good operative risks are also candidates for surgery, although this issue remains controversial. Patients with small asymptomatic ulcerated carotid plaques have a relatively benign prognosis and should not undergo preventive carotid surgery. Carotid surgery is occasionally indicated in patients with vertebral basilar insufficiency and carotid stenoses, fibromuscular dysplasia, or carotid kinks associated with symptoms of ischemia. Carotid endarterectomy may be performed with an overall mortality of 1‐2% and morbidity of 2‐5% if the patients are carefully selected and the surgical team is expert.
Manifestations and management of laryngoceles
Authors: Baker Herbert L. , Baker Shan R. , McClatchey Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix cases of laryngocele are reported including 2 bilateral, external laryngoceles, 1 internal laryngocele associated with amyloidosis, and 3 combined laryngoceles. Laryngoceles occur predominantly in males. Cervical mass and hoarseness were the most common signs and symptoms. Bilateral, external laryngoceles that decompress spontaneously when intralaryngeal air pressure returns to normal were managed conservatively. Combined and internal laryngoceles should be removed surgically through an external, lateral neck approach. This approach is preferable to anterior laryngofissure because it avoids trauma to the anterior commissure and the true vocal cords. In addition, blunting of the anterior commissure and the risk of subglottic stenosis are avoided.
Management of inadvertent injury to the carotid artery during head and neck surgery
Authors: Sobol Steven M. , Freeman Richard , Thawley Stanley , Little John , Beven Edwin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRare, inadvertent injury to the carotid artery during head and neck surgery may result in disastrous neurologic sequelae or even death. Several cases are presented and used as the stimulus for an analytical discussion of the pathogenesis and management of cerebrovascular complications following head and neck surgery. The major pathogenetic mechanisms are identified as (1) microembolism from an ulcerated plaque; (2) intravascular thrombus with occlusion; (3) unintentional ligation, laceration, or transection; (4) ligation of a dominant external carotid; and (5) transient reduction in cerebrovascular perfusion pressure. Methods for identifying and evaluating the patient at risk for developing cerebrovascular complications are discussed and recommendations are made. The central question in the management of inadvertent arterial injury concerns whether to ligate the vessel or to restore blood flow. The controversies surrounding this issue are discussed in perspective through an analysis of current physiological concepts and of the collective clinical experiences of head and neck, vascular, and neurological surgeons handling extracranial cerebrovascular occlusive disease, penetrating injuries to the carotid artery, and tumor‐related carotid catastrophes. Several factors are considered critical in determining appropriate management of any individual case; these include (1) whether recognition of the injury occurs intraoperatively or postoperatively; (2) the presence and severity of neurological deficits; (3) time from the injury to its recognition; (4) a quantitative assessment of collateral circulation; (5) a history of wound contamination or radiation therapy; (6) overall prognosis. These and other considerations are organized into a working framework through which the otolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon can better understand and manage the problem of inadvertent injury to the carotid artery.
Paranasal sinus radiology, part 2A: Ethmoidal sinuses
Authors: Dolan Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinician must have a high level of suspicion in order to detect ethmoidal sinus disease. Survey plain film radiographic examination may provide information about gross changes in ethmoidal sinus transparency and the sinus walls. Conventional tomographic study will often aid evaluation of the ethmoidal sinus walls which may be obscured by overlying structures on plain films. Computerized tomography adds a new dimension to ethmoidal sinus study. By revealing not only bone changes but soft‐tissue abnormality as well, more complete understanding of the disease process is gained. Computerized tomography is particularly useful in evaluating orbital structural change due to ethmoidal sinus abnormality.
The pathology of head and neck tumors: Spindle cell lesions (sarcomatoid carcinomas, nodular fasciitis, and fibrosarcoma) of the aerodigestive tracts, part 14
Authors: Batsakis John G. , Rice Dale H. , Howard Donald R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe term spindle cell lesion, or tumor, is a purely descriptive one and if applied without further qualification is meaningless as a guide to therapy and prognosis. The three lesions presented in this report—sarcomatoid carcinomas, nodular fasciitis, and fibrosarcoma—serve to illustrate this point. One, the sarcomatoid carcinoma, is an epithelial malignancy in which the majority of the sarcoma‐like spindle cells are believed to be variants of the epithelial cells. Nodular fasciitis, a self‐limited and benign soft tissue lesion, is composed principally of myofibroblasts. Primarily an extramucosal lesion, it presents a pseudosarcomatous microscopic appearance. Fibrosarcomas represent the other end of the spindle cell lesion spectrum in that they are soft tissue malignancies of fibroblastic origin. Clinical, pathologic, and biologic implications of these lesions when they arise in the mucosae of the upper aerodigestive tracts of the head and neck are presented.
Diagnosis of carotid body tumors by dynamic computerized tomography
Authors: Shugar Martin A. , Mafee Mahmood F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe carotid body tumor although uncommon, is frequently considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical masses. When this lesion becomes a serious diagnostic possibility, angiography must be considered. Currently angiography is the only nonsurgical modality that can reliably confirm the clinical diagnosis. We describe the case of a patient in whom a carotid body tumor was diagnosed preoperatively by dynamic computerized tomography. Dynamic computerized tomography, a relatively noninvasive technique, should now be deemed the technique of choice for diagnosis of carotid body tumors, thus avoiding the potential morbidity of angiography. In patients for whom tumor removal is indicated, however, preoperative angiography is still mandatory in order to plan the best operative procedure.
Treatment of cervical lymph nodes in carcinoma of the tongue
Authors: Leipzig Bruce , Hokanson James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of the regional lymph nodes forms an integral part of the management of any patient with carcinoma of the tongue. It is the most important determinant of survival. Although survival correlates with the size of the primary tumor, it may also be explained by the higher incidence of metastatic nodes in larger lesions. The incidence of contralateral neck nodes is high, and treatment of the contralateral neck, even in smaller carcinomas of the tongue, must be considered. Anterior tongue carcinomas are equally as aggressive as posterior carcinomas of the tongue. An analysis of the cause of failure following treatment of tongue carcinomas emphasizes the fact that too many clinical stages I and II cancers—those with clinically negative neck examination—are in fact pathologic stage III cancers.
Orbital and periorbital cellulitis in children
Authors: Rubinstein Jeffrey B. , Handler Steven D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe proper management of patients with orbital and periorbital cellulitis represents a distinct challenge to the clinician. A retrospective study is presented of 165 patients with the diagnosis of orbital or periorbital cellulitis admitted to the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) from January 1975 through December 1980. Sinusitis, trauma, local skin inflammations, and otitis were the most common etiologies. Twenty‐three of the patients had orbital cellulitis, all of which were secondary to sinusitis. There was one death in this series. No patients had permanent ocular sequelae related to orbital or periorbital cellulitis. A discussion of etiology and management is presented, with emphasis on the usefulness of computerized tomography (CT).
Aneurysmal bone cyst of the ethmoid
Authors: Baker Herbert L. , Papsidero Michael J. , Batsakis John G. , Krause Charles J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough nearly 500 cases of aneurysmal bone cyst have been recorded in the English literature, involvement of the facial bone is uncommon. To our knowledge, this is the first case of extragnathic, facial aneurysmal bone cyst to be reported in the English literature. A left ethmoid aneurysmal bone cyst was found in a 20‐year‐old pregnant woman who had a 5‐month history of progressive left periorbital swelling, left cystic nasal mass, progressive nasal obstruction, blurred vision, and occasional diplopia. The diagnostic evaluation included a sinus series, facial lamiograms, and an EMI scan. Needle aspirates taken frequently from the intranasal cyst consisted of a dark bloody fluid. The surgical procedure, using external rhinotomy approaches, pathologic findings, and a literature review are presented.
The pathology of head and neck tumors: The myoepithelial cell and its participation in salivary gland neoplasia, part 17
Authors: Batsakis John G. , Kraemer Beverly , Sciubba James J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSharing a common ectodermal origin with salivary duct epithelium, the myoepithelial cell is two‐sided in several respects. It lies between the epithelial cells and the basal lamina, with one side facing the duct or acinar cells and the other facing the stroma. It has a fine structure not unlike that of smooth muscle, and one of its functions is to contract. Despite its electron‐optic similarity to smooth muscle, the myoepithelial cell's principal filamentous protein is cytokeratin, which is found only in epithelial cells. Myoepithelial cells do not have a demonstrable secretory capability, but they can store glycogen in abundance. In some tumors of the salivary glands, myoepithelial cells do not participate in histogenesis. These tumors arise from portions of the salivary duct system in which myoepithelial cells are not normally found. In tumors originating from intercalated ducts, myoepithelial cells may assume one of two roles; a passive presence or an active and integral formation of the tumors. Mixed tumors, clear cell tumors, plasmacytoid (hyaline cell) and fibroblastic myoepitheliomas, and terminal duct adenocarcinomas are examples of tumors in which the myoepithelial cell is prominent or dominant.
Paranasal sinus radiology, part 3B: Sphenoidal sinus
Authors: Dolan Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMucoceles involving the sphenoidal sinus are not as common as those affecting the frontal and ethmoidal sinuses. The subtle expansile change produced by a sphenoidal sinus mucocele often requires conventional tomography or computed tomography examination to be detected. Similarly, involvement of surrounding structures by a sphenoidal mucocele may require special study, which this section illustrates. The sphenoidal enlargement and density change produced by fibrous dysplasia may mimic sinus disease. Focal or widespread bone destruction resulting from neoplastic involvement of the sphenoidal sinus requires special examination similar to that used with mucoceles.
Retrieval of the parathyroid glands during thyroidectomy
Authors: Loré John M. , Pruet Charles W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA recommended technique of intraoperative search of the removed thyroid lobe or entire gland for attached parathyroid glands is presented. Diligent examination of the thyroid capsule and folds of the thyroid gland is made in the sterile operative field. Any recovered parathyroid gland or glands are then finely sectioned and reimplanted in a location which is not likely to be violated in any future surgical procedure. This technique has significantly reduced the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism after total thyroidectomy.
Head and neck cancer in a young age group: High incidence in black patients
Authors: Slotman Gus J. , Swaminathan A. P. , Rush Benjamin F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFrom the Tumor Registries of the East Orange, New Jersey, Veterans Administration Medical Center, and the College of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey/New Jersey Medical School, 1,066 cases of head and neck cancer were reviewed. Blacks comprised 32% of the population reviewed. Charts of 70 patients, 45 years old or younger, were examined. Seventy percent of this group was black. At diagnosis, the proportion of patients 45 years old or younger was 14% for blacks and 2.9% for whites, a significant difference (P < 0.001). Seventy‐six percent of lesions in black patients and 86% in white patients were situated above the hypopharynx. Sixty‐one percent of all patients 45 years old or younger had Stage III or IV lesions when first diagnosed, regardless of race. Black‐to‐white survival rates were 23 to 40% after 2 years, and 5 to 13% for those at risk after 5 years. Prognosis is poor for younger patients, in general, and worse for young black patients than for whites.
Extralaryngeal spread of cancer of the larynx: A study with whole‐organ sections
Authors: Lam K. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThirty total laryngectomy and five pharyngolaryngoesophagectomy specimens were studied with the whole‐organ sectioning technique. The horizontal plane of sectioning was chosen to study the pattern and degree of extralaryngeal spread in carcinoma of the larynx. There were 22 transglottic, 6 supraglottic, and 7 infraglottic tumors. Among them there were 1 T1, 2 T2, 5 T3, and 27 T4 lesions. Spreading anteriorly, the tumor was found to penetrate the thyrohyoid membrane in 7 (32%) out of 22 transglottic tumors. Among the entire group of 35 specimens the thyroid cartilage was penetrated in 18 cases (51%), and the infrahyoid strap muscles were invaded by tumor in 17 cases (49%). The cricothyroid membrane was penetrated in 19 cases (54%). Spreading posteriorly, the tumor reached or eroded the mucosa of the pyriform fossa in 15 cases (43%), including 10 total laryngectomy specimens. The postcricoid submucosa was involved by tumor in 13 cases (37%) among which 9 were total laryngectomy specimens. It is thus recommended that the wide‐field technique should be used for laryngectomy. Awareness of the possibility of tumor reaching the mucosa of the pyriform fossa and the postcricoid area allows the surgeon to keep clear of tumor in performing total laryngectomy.
Sternocleidomastoid myoperiosteal flap for the repair of laryngeal and tracheal wall defects
Authors: Tovi F. , Gittot A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA myoperiosteal flap consisting of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and clavicular periost was successfully used in the repair of deficient laryngeal and cervical tracheal wall in three cases. Complete epithelialization took place with no granuloma formation in any of the three. This flap proved to be rigid enough to form a noncollapsed wall at times of alternative pressure changes. The method described consists of a one‐stage procedure where the donor site is in the same surgical field as the defect. There is no interference with any vital function and no apparent cosmetic defect. Therefore, it can be considered a viable alternative to procedures already in use.
High resolution ct air cisternography in the diagnosis of small acoustic neuromas
Authors: Khangure Makhan S. , Dolan Kenneth D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHigh resolution CT air cisternography was used to examine 38 patients with clinical findings and audiovestibular function studies consistent with a retrocochlear lesion. Four strictly intracanalicular lesions and 10 acoustic neuromas extending medially into the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern by no more than 1 cm were detected and verified at surgery. There was one false‐positive diagnosis produced by a tortuous inferior cerebellar artery branch. The contrast‐enhanced axial scan was positive in only two patients. Both had extension of the tumor into the CPA by 1 cm. In these two cases the axial intravenous (IV) contrast‐enhanced scan provided more information than the air CT. A patient with suspected acoustic neuroma is best examined initially with an IV contrast‐enhanced axial scan followed by CT air cisternography where the contrast study is negative.