bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Sociology of Food in Spain: European Infuences in Social Analyses on Eating Habits
Authors: Méndez Cecilia Díaz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractKey contributions towards understanding nutritional changes in modern societies from the viewpoint of social sciences have been made in the European framework. Existing Spanish studies echo the tendencies followed in other countries by anthropologists and sociologists. These works can be included within a wide-ranging debate on eating habits that has arisen from two novel facts: food options have increased making choice complicated, but the traditional agents that set norms no longer offer clear-cut guidance. In this study the main European perspectives are set out from a social viewpoint. An explanation is offered as to the stance sociologists and especially Spanish sociologists are adopting in these discussions. In addition, research proposals are put forward.
Segregation, Illegitimate Encounters and Contextual Moralities: Sexualities in the Changing Public Sphere in Aden
Authors: Dahlgren Susanne 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article asks what new things can be learned about the public sphere when looking at sexualities. In this ethnographic study on the Yemeni port town of Aden, at focus are institutions that organise sexualities, such as segregation, and agency indicative to a particular public sphere. The article is centred upon the following question: how do 'ordinary' (i.e. non-activist) women participate in making the public sphere? By comparing three different periods of history in Aden, as well as the capacities and resources that have been available for women to express their sexuality, this article aims to highlight aspects of the public that remain invisible in studies that neglect this important area of daily life. This comparison on the level of the public sphere is made possible by adopting a critical perspective on the notion of generations that treats such entities not as neat groups but as atmospheres that subjects agree were indicative to the era of their coming of age.
Back to Islam? Women's Sexualities and Body-Politics in Muslim Central Asia
Authors: Droeber Julia 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper I examine the commonly held assumption that the developments we witnessed in Central Asian societies since the disintegration of the Soviet Union could be interpreted as a "return to pre-Soviet Islamic traditions". I am specifically concerned with reports about the increasing violations of women's sexual rights and mounting control over their bodies, developments that are accompanied by a "conspiracy of silence" about sexual matters.This essay is based on anthropological fieldwork in Kyrgyzstan, various reports from other Central Asian republics, a review of Soviet sex and gender policies, and analysis of Islamic Scriptures on the issue of sexuality. Even though some Muslim practices regarding sexualities can be seen as having a basis in the Qurān, the interpretations and translations into daily practice are to a major extent influenced by political, economic, and socio-cultural forces. I trace these processes in the case of Soviet and post-Soviet Central Asia and argue that the rhetoric of a "return to Islamic traditions" does not take into account the significant impact on other forces on the current practices of policing women's bodies and silencing discourses on sexualities.
Imagi-nation of Women as Gendered National Subjects in Turkish Novels (1923–1938)
Authors: Kucukalioglu Elif Gozdasoglu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article seeks to explain how women have been depicted in novels during the early Republican period (1923–1938). My main objective is to explore how women have been located in fiction in Turkey's nation-building project. I will show which themes were used and which characteristics were emphasized in portraying female heroes of these narratives. The representations of women articulated in the novels of this period are meaningful in terms of understanding the imagination of 'new Turkish Women' in Turkish nationalism. The main concern here is twofold: to examine how women have been made as national subjects and elaborate on those characteristics, which have been used in the construction of Turkish women in Turkish novels.My starting point for the analysis of the novels is Benedict Anderson's theory, which suggests that the nation is an imagined community both politically and culturally (Anderson, 1983: 6). The definition of the nation as 'an imagined community' leads us to the point that how we imagine our community influences how we experience it. In this imagination, different metaphors and symbols used in common language are important in defining how members of a community interact with each other, which roles they envision for themselves and which qualities they attribute for themselves. The perception of social reality is formed largely by the representational systems and the literary canon is considered as the most significant form of representation because it is possible to find out the expressions of highest ideals and aspirations in literary representation (Morris, 1993: 8).
In Who's Interest? Levirat and Sororat Marriages in Southeastern Turkey
Authors: Sev'er Aysan , Bağli Mazhar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSororat refers to a man's marriage to his deceased wife's sister, and levirat refers to a woman's marriage to her brother-in-law after the death of her husband. This article explores the gendered reactions to tensions and role confusion in these marriages. Forty-five people who were either currently living, or have recently lived in levirat and sororat marriages were interviewed. We observed that family and kin seem to be equally persistent on formulating levirat or sororat types of marriages for widows and widowers. However, men had an ultimate veto power over these arrangements and women did not. Moreover, tensions on women, especially in terms of establishing sexual intimacy with their new partners were traumatic. We argue that material considerations play a primary role on the continuation of these marriages, despite the problems these marriages entail, especially for women.
The Association of Parental Alcohol Abuse and Depression with Severe Emotional and Behavioural Problems in Adolescents: A Clinical Study
Authors: Peiponen Sirkka , Laukkanen Eila , Korhonen Veijo , Hintikka Ulla , Lehtonen Johannes 
Published: December 2006

Background: Earlier studies have indicated associations between parental psychiatric problems, such as depression, and substance abuse and adolescent problems. Aims: This study aimed to determine whether parental psychiatric problems are associated with problems and problem behaviour in adolescents in a clinical sample. Methods: The study subjects were 70 outpatient adolescents (age 13–18 years, boys 30%) and their parents. The adolescents were assessed using the structural clinical interview for DSM-III-R (SCID) and a semi-structured questionnaire, and the parents were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results: Maternal alcohol abuse and depression were associated with serious problems, especially among girls, and paternal alcohol abuse was associated with adolescent health-compromising behaviour. Maternal depression and alcohol abuse had no association with adolescent health-compromising behaviour. Maternal depression without alcohol abuse was associated with the diagnosis of major depressive disorder in adolescents, but not with other adolescent problems, while paternal depression without alcohol abuse was not associated with any adolescent problems. Conclusions: Despite the small study sample, these findings indicate that parental psychiatric problems and alcohol abuse are correlated with adolescent psychological problems and should be considered and assessed when assessing adolescents.
Epidemiological Studies on Mental Health Needs of Asian Population in New Zealand
Authors: Kumar Shailesh , Tse Samson , Fernando Antonio , Wong Sai 
Published: December 2006

Background: New Zealand has recently experienced a massive and rapid influx of Asian migrants. The Asian population has doubled in 10 years and is now the third-largest ethnic group. Materials: Databases reviewed include Medline, NZ government reports and NZ media releases. Discussion: Despite the significant growth in the Asian population, most of whom are in a vulnerable age group for mental morbidity and are exposed to adverse experiences, accurate and systematically obtained information on the mental health of Asians is lacking. Conclusion: This paper argues for a need to conduct a well-designed epidemiological study on the mental health needs of Asians in New Zealand. Recommendations on how to pursue this epidemiological study are provided.
Personal Tragedy or System Failure: A Qualitative Analysis of Narratives of Caregivers of People with Severe Mental Illness in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Marcus Yu-Lung , Wei Grace Fang-Wan , Lee Sing 
Published: December 2006

Background: Most studies agree that mental illness brings a heavy objective and subjective burden of care on the family and especially the caregivers. However, very little attention has been paid to the wider context in which this burden is shaped and sustained. Material: In-depth interviews were conducted with 11 caregivers in Hong Kong and Taiwan and subsequent analysis identified four major themes: mystical knowledge beyond understanding, persistent self-blame and lay explanation, inertia of caregivers and non-responsive service system, and unsatisfying encounters with medical staff. Discussion: The results of the study indicate that these families did not get the services they needed. In spite of recounting many system failures, most respondents attributed their situation to tragedy and misfortune at personal and family levels. Such a discourse is closely connected to a wider context of health and social care. The Hong Kong subjects complained more, felt more helpless, and had more persistent self-blame and lay explanation than the Taiwanese subjects. Conclusions: To reduce such experiences, this paper calls for inclusive policies for the family, new education strategies and reflections on the roles of mental health professionals in empowerment and advocacy beyond conventional treatment, counseling and education.
Heavy Use of Psychiatric Inpatient Care from the Perspective of the Patients Affected
Authors: Roick Christiane , Gärtner Anke , Heider Dirk , Dietrich Sandra , Angermeyer Matthias C. 
Published: December 2006

Background: Patients who spend an above-average amount of time in inpatient care are termed heavy users. Up to this point, very little has been known about what drives these patients to their heavy use of inpatient treatment. Aim: For this reason, the present study investigates the causes for frequent inpatient admissions of heavy users from the perspective of the patients affected. Methods: Twenty heavy users who were identified in a quantitative preliminary study were interviewed using a qualitative analysis of the contents. Results: Heavy users housed in sheltered accommodation either experienced frequent inpatient stays because of their symptomatic burden, or because of poor integration in their residences. Among the heavy users living in private residences was a subgroup that compensated for the lack of support from the private sphere with frequent hospital visits. A second subgroup turned to hospital care only during acute relapse episodes. In a third subgroup, secondary substance abuse accounted for the high demand for inpatient treatment. Conclusion: Findings suggest that, using community-based psychiatric support offers tailored to the needs of the heavy user subgroups, inpatient treatment could be avoided.
How Social Difficulties Produce Cognitive Problems During The Mediation Of Psychosis: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Chadwick Peter K. 
Published: December 2006

Background: The study examines effects of social difficulties such as invalidating and stressful relationships and lack of social support on cognitive processes in psychosis. Methods: Biographical and ethnographic methods deriving insights from personal experience of psychosis; interactions with patients in hospital and hostel care and from group work. Conclusions: Social stresses can damage the self, resulting in disarray to executive control, serial ordering, organizational and retrieval processes. Negative social experiences also skew probability judgements of the likelihood of threat/ betrayal which may be confirmed by coincidences – resulting in the adoption of a risky decisional style. This maximizes perceptions confirming of a delusional belief.
Homeless Children and Parents: Short-Term Mental Health Outcome
Authors: Karim Khalid , Tischler Victoria , Gregory Peter , Vostanis Panos 
Published: December 2006

Background: Homeless families are an increasing but marginalised part of society. They have diverse and complex needs that have often not been addressed by the available services. There is some evidence that psychosocial factors continue to be detrimental to the mental health of these families even after rehousing. Method: Thirty-five homeless families were assessed on their mental health (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory Scale, Health of the Nation Outcome Scales for Children and Adolescents), parenting problems (Parenting Daily Hassles Scale), and service satisfaction (semi-structured interview) following admission to two homeless hostels, and four months later, when most families (69%) had been rehoused in the community. Results: Children and their mothers continued to experience high rates of mental health problems whilst resident in the hostels and after rehousing. However, a proportion of parents expressed a subjective improvement, which was often associated with their housing and social circumstances. A diverse range of further needs was described. Conclusions: There is a need to address the complex problems experienced by these families, with housing only forming one aspect of this provision. Interagency strategy, commissioning and services are required to meet the needs of this vulnerable group of parents and children.
Schneiderian First Rank Symptoms in A Sample of Schizophrenic Patients in Egypt
Authors: Botros Mona M. , Atalla Sherif F. , El-Islam M. Fakhr 
Published: December 2006

Background: Schneiderian first rank symptoms are included in the most influential operative diagnostic criteria, such as the ICD-10 and the DSM-IV. Many studies have examined their prevalence in the West, but their prevalence in non-Western countries still needs to be explored given that cultural beliefs are so different. Aims: The aim of this study is to shed some light on Schneiderian first rank symptoms (FRS) as they occur in patients with schizophrenia in Egypt. Method: Forty-two patients were interviewed, their demographic characteristics studied and FRS elicited. The SPSS computer program was used to analyse the data. Results: The prevalence rate of FRS was found to be 67%, which is similar to previous studies both in the East and the West. The study also showed that demographic variables had no significant relation to the prevalence of FRS except for nationality and social status. Conclusion: Schneiderian first rank symptoms transcend cultural barriers. However, strong cultural beliefs about the influence of supernatural forces on humans should nonetheless be carefully considered in eliciting delusions of control, influence or passivity.
Universalism and cultural relativism in social work ethics
Authors: Healy Lynne M. 
Published: December 2006

English Given globalization and increasing multiculturalism, growing numbers of social workers face the challenges of respecting culture while upholding professional ethics. This article examines the perspectives of universalism and cultural relativism as applied to ethical decision-making in social work. A moderately universalist stance is recommended for social work, as valuing both diversity and human rights. French Face à la mondialisation et à l'augmentation du multiculturalisme, un nombre croissant de travailleurs sociaux font face à des défis dans un contexte qui demande de tenir compte à la fois du respect culturel et de l'éthique professionnelle. Cet article examine l'application de prises de décisions éthiques dans des perspectives universalistes et de relativisme culturel en travail social. Une position universaliste modérée est recommandée pour le travail social, valorisant à la fois la diversité culturelle et les droits humains. Spanish Dada la globalización y el multiculturalismo creciente, los trabajadores sociales se encuentran con el reto de respetar tanto la cultura como la ética profesional. Se examina la aplicación de las perspectivas universalistas y del relativismo cultural al proceso de decisión ética en trabajo social. Se recomienda una postura universalista moderada que respete tanto la diversidad como los derechos humanos.
Social work in the UK and the global labour market
Authors: Welbourne Penelope , Harrison Gai , Ford Deirdre 
Published: December 2006

English While the global movement of skilled labour is widely documented, there has been little analysis of its significance for UK social work, or for the sending countries involved. The ethical implications of UK reliance on overseas trained practitioners are considered, including a Code of Good Practice for ethical recruitment in social work. French Tandis que les mouvements mondiaux de la main-doeuvre qualifiée sont amplement documentés, très peu de recherches ont été menées sur l'impact de ces mouvements sur le travail social national ou encore sur les pays d'où exode cette main-d'oeuvre. Dans cette recherche, nous examinons les implications éthiques de la dépendance du Royaume-Uni à l'égard des praticiens formés outre-mer et nous proposons un Code de bonne conduite pour le recrutement éthique des ressources en travail social. Spanish Mientras que el movimiento global de las destrezas laborales se encuentra ampliamente documentado, ha habido escaso análisis sobre la importancia que este tiene para el trabajo social nacional o para los países remitentes involucrados. Consideramos las implicaciones éticas de la dependencia del Reino Unido de los practicantes entrenados en el extranjero y sugerimos un Código de Buena Práctica para un reclutamiento ético en trabajo social.
Guatemala’s current and future globalization
Authors: Villereal Gary L. 
Published: December 2006

English Globalization is affecting Guatemala and tensions are evident between efforts to modernize relative to the traditional lifestyle. The marginalization of rural indigenous people is presented and seven specific initiatives are recommended for social work education. French La mondialisation affecte le Guatemala et les efforts de modernisation s'opposent au style de vie traditionnel, ce qui suscite de réelles tensions. Cette étude se penche sur la marginalisation des populations indigènes et elle propose sept initiatives spécifiques d'éducation en travail social. Spanish La globalización está afectando a Guatemala y las tensiones entre los esfuerzos de modernización y el estilo de vida tradicional son evidentes. Se discute la marginación de los grupos rurales indígenas y se recomiendan siete iniciativas específicas para la educación en el Trabajo Social.
Using principles of community participatory research
Authors: Pinto Rogério M. , Schmidt Clecy N.T. , Rodriguez Paulo S.O. , Solano Renata 
Published: December 2006

English This article presents a five-step model for establishing participatory research reflecting the principles of collaboration between researchers and community partners. Theoretical discussion is illustrated from experience gained in the preliminary phases of an international research project on HIV/AIDS work in Brazil. The congruence with social work values is noted. French Cet article présente un modèle en cinque étapes d'établissement d'une recherche participative. Ce modèle reflète des principes de collaboration entre chercheurs et partenaires communautaires. L'expérience de la phase préparatoire d'un projet de recherche internationale en lien avec le travail se le VIH/SIDA au Brésil en illustre les fondements théoriques. La congruence avec le travail social est notée. Spanish Se presenta un modelo de cinco fases para establecer investigación participativa, modelo que refleja los principios de colaboración entre los investigardores y los miembros de la comunidad. La teoría se ilustra con la experiencia derivada de las fases preparatorias de un proyecto de investigación internacional sobre el VIH/SIDA en el Brasil. Se destaca la congruencia de tal proyecto con los valores éticos del trabajo social.
Obstacles and facilitative factors affecting community organizing on disability issues
Authors: Wehbi Samantha 
Published: December 2006

English This article discusses community organizing for disability rights in the Arab region by giving voice to local experiences. The discussion relies on a case example of a grassroots organization, the Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union. Findings demonstrate the presence of a broad range of facilitative factors and obstacles that organizers encounter. French Cette étude de cas a été menée auprès de la Lebanese Physical Handicapped Union et elle rend compte des principales préoccupations auxquelles les organisateurs communautaires font face quand il est question d'invalidité. L'étude fait état de divers obstacles internes et externes qui surviennent dans l'organisation des efforts de même que de certains facteurs facilitants. Spanish El artículo constituye un reporte de un estudio de caso de la Unión Libanesa de Discapacidad Física para ilustrar los temas clave enfrentados por los organizadores comunitarios que trabajan en temas de discapacidad en Líbano. En el artículo se discuten diversos obstáculos internos y externos en la organización de esfuerzos, así como los factores que facilitan este tipo de trabajo.
Missed opportunities
Authors: Hochfeld Tessa 
Published: December 2006

English The draft National Family Policy of South Africa contains pervasive conservative discourses which have a serious negative impact on both social welfare and the social work profession. The NFP promotes family self-reliance (resonating with neo-liberal welfare discourses internationally), reinforces gender inequalities and misses the opportunity to construct progressive notions of motherhood and fatherhood. French Le Projet de Politique Nationale sur la Famille de l'Afrique du Sud est empreint d'une idéologie conservatrice qui a des conséquences négatives importantes tant sur l'aide sociale que sur la profession du travail social. Cette politique fait la promotion du développement autocentré de la famille (ce qui rappelle les discours néo-libéraux sur l'aide sociale à l'échelle internationale), renforçant ainsi les inégalités de genre et empêchant, par le fait même, l'occasion de construire des notions progressistes sur la maternité et la paternité. Spanish El contenido de la Política Nacional para la Familia en Sud Africa contiene discursos conservadores que tienen un serio impacto negativo tanto en el bienestar social como en la profesión del trabajo social. La PNF promueve la auto-dependencia (en consonancia en los discursos internacionales neo-liberales del bienestar), refuerza las inequidades de género y pierde la oportunidad de construir nociones progresistas de maternidad y paternidad.