bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apical migration of oral epithelium in experimental dehiscence wounds
Authors: Iglhaut J. , Suggs C. , Borjesson B. , Aukhil I. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to determine if the placement of free mucosal grafts would delay the apical migration of oral epithelium into surgically created dehiscence wounds.Dehiscence wounds, measuring 8 × 6 mm, were surgically created on the mandibular canines of 5 beagle dogs. The exposed root surface was then curetted and horizontal grooves were made, one at a point just below the gingival sulcus and the other at the apical border of the dehiscence. Experimental teeth received free alveolar mucosal grafts while the contralateral teeth served as controls. The grafts were placed with the epithelial side against the tooth surface to bridge the dehiscence at the level of the coronal notch and were sutured in place. The flaps were then repositioned (over the mucosal grafts) and sutured. Apical migration of the oral epithelium, after 10 days, was assessed histologically using the coronal and apical grooves as points of reference.The oral epithelium was detected in the coronal one half of the dehiscence, in both the control and experimental teeth. There were no significant differences observed between the two. suggesting that the placement of a mucosal graft, as described here, provides little benefit in delaying apical migration of oral epithelium. The fact that the epithelium failed to reach the apical half of the dehiscence may indicate that features of this wound model may help our understanding of epithelial cellular kinetics operative in periodontal wound healing.
Longitudinal quantitative radiodensitometric study of treated and untreated lower molar furcation involvements
Authors: Payot P. , Bickel M. , Cimasoni G. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract 38 first or second lower molars from 16 patients showing furcation involvements of degrees 1 and 2 were treated after motivation and hygiene instruction, either by subgingival curettage, or by the modified Widman surgical procedure or by furcation plasty. The plaque index, the gingival index of inflammation and the depth of interproximal and interradicular pockets were recorded before and up to 1 year after the 3 therapeutical procedures. The above clinical indices were also followed for 1 years in 15 lower molars from 7 untreated patients. A quantitative radiographical analysis of the interradicular bone was performed in all patients, by using superposable identical radiographs and a computer‐assisted photodensitometric technique.In the 3 groups of treated patients, the clinical scores were, in general, improved by the 3 therapeutic modalities. In the furcation areas, the plaque index was always higher on the lingual side, whereas the depth of “horizontal” pockets was always greater on the buccal side. Except for the lesions treated by furcation plasty, no change could be noticed clinically in the depths of vertical or horizontal penetration of a periodontal probe in the furcation areas. The quantitative radio‐graphic analysis, however, clearly showed a loss in the first 2 mm of superficial bone during the 2 months following the 3 therapeutical procedures: this loss was followed by a statistically significant recovery and, for the group treated by curettage, even by a net gain during the 6 to 12 months following therapy. The radiographical density of the deeper layer of bone did not change in the group treated by curettage only. It showed a loss in the first 2 months following the 2 surgical procedures but a statistically significant recovery in the months thereafter.As for the group of untreated patients, at the examinations performed initially, 6 months, 1 and 2 years later, the number of plaque‐free and non‐bleeding sites in the furcation areas was lower on the lingual as compared to the buccal side, whereas the frequency distribution of furcation involvements was similar on both aspects. No significant changes were found in the various clinical parameters throughout the 2 years of the study. On the contrary, a significant loss of average density of the superficial layer of interradicular bone was already measured on the superposable radiographs 6 months after the initial examination and was found to increase thereafter. No changes of radiodensity could be measured for the deeper layer of bone. The statistical analysis on the relationship between probing scores and radiographical measurements failed to show any predictability between clinical probing measurements and bone loss in the furcation areas.
Cryosurgical depigmentation of the gingiva
Authors: Tal Halm , Landsberg Jacob , Kozlovsky Avital 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Gingival melanin pigmentation (GMP) occurs in all races of man. Although clinical melanin pigmentation does not present a medical problem, demand for cosmetic therapy is commonly made by fair‐skinned people with moderate GMP. The present study was undertaken to test the effectiveness of Cryosurgical destruction of the gingival epithelium in the removal of gingival melanin pigmentation. The patient was a fair‐skinned Ashkenazi Jew with moderate GMP who demanded any possible “cosmetic therapy” which would convert her “black gums” to “normal”. Gingival cryosurgery was carried out by segments. A gas expansion cryoprobe cooled to −81° C was applied to the gingiva for 10 s.Frozen sites thawed spontaneously within 1 min. Superficial necrosis became apparent within a week. Treated sites were covered by epithelium within 2 weeks following freezing and keratinization was completed after 3–4 weeks. The treated gingiva appeared normal and remained depigmented until the present time, 20 months following freezing. It is concluded that cryosurgery may prove to be the treatment of choice when gingival depigmentation is indicated.
Surface‐free energy and bacterial adhesion
Authors: van Dijk Johan , Herkströter Frank , Busscher Henk , Weerkamp Anton , Jansen Henk , Arends Joop 
Published: December 2005

Abstract Conflicting reports have been presented on the rôle of substratum surface free energy (s.f.e.) on bacterial adherence. It is the aim of the present study to evaluate the effect of the s.f.e. of substrata on bacterial adherence in vivo.The following substrata with s.f.e. varying from 23.3.–124.9 erg·cm−2 were cut into facings of 5 by 6 mm. polished and cleaned: polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE). Parafilm. polyvinylchloride (PVC). polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bovine dentin, bovine enamel and glass. In 5 beagle dogs, 7–9 years old. part of the buccal periodontium of the upper cuspids was excised and crowns were made and cemented with a non‐fluoridated cement. The facings were placed in the crowns and placed in the oral cavity for 2 h. After removal, the facings were rinsed in saline.S.f.e. was assessed from contact angles with water, water/n‐propanol mixtures and a‐bromonaphthalene. according to the concept of dispersion and polar components, firstly on clean air dried facings and later on facings exposed to the oral cavity for 2 h. Immediately after rinsing, the water contact angle was measured as a function of time, to monitor the evaporation of free water from the protein layer adsorbed on the substrata which had been exposed to the oral cavity. It appeared that after a rapid increase in contact angle, a stable maximum value was obtained after 40–120 min depending on the substratum. S.f.e.'s of the protein‐coated substrata were subsequently determined after a 120 min drying period. Following the contact angle determinations, the exposed facings were stained with ethidram bromide, enabling fluorescence microscopical counting of the adhered microorganisms.The oral environment markedly changed the substratum s.f.e.'s. Salivary protein adsorption reduced differences originally present in s.f.e. Low values increased, while high values decreased, yielding an average value of about 80 erg·cm−2. More micro‐organisms adhered to substrata with an initially high s.f.e. than to substrata with an initially low s.f.e. (PTFE and Parafilm). The highest number of micro‐organisms adhered to PVC (60·104 cm−2), the lowest to Parafilm (60·104 cm−2). It is interesting to note, that this relation was obtained, despite the fact that surfaces in the oral cavity are almost immediately covered with an adsorbed protein layer, shielding the physicochemical characteristics of the underlying substrata.
4‐year observations of basic periodontal therapy
Authors: Badersten Anita , Niveus Rolf , Egelberg Jan 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.A total of 2214 sites from incisors, cuspids, and premolars were studied in 46 adult periodontitis patients following treatment consisting of plaque control and root debridement. The periodontal status at 24 months was used as baseline for observations during the subsequent 24‐48 month interval which included 4 recall visits for debridement at the 24‐, 30‐, 36‐, and 42‐month time points. The data were analyzed for pooled groups of sites of different probing depth at 24 months: ≤3.5 mm, 4.0‐6.5 mm. and ≥7.0 mm. The results showed little change during the 24‐48 month interval in mean scores for bleeding on probing, probing depth, and probing attachment level for all 3 groups of sites. Individual sites with probing attachment loss during the 24‐48 month period were identified. The frequency of such sites was similar, irrespective of 24‐month probing depth. The sites identified with probing attachment loss during the 24‐48 month interval generally differed in location from those identified as having probing attachment loss during the proceeding 0‐24 month period. Often, the loss of probing attachment during the 24‐48 month interval seemed to be a reversal of a prior gain in probing attachment during the 0‐24 month interval. This study in non‐molar teeth of subjects with generally good level of compliance failed to demonstrate that sites with deeper probing depth were more difficult to maintain than shallower sites.
4 modalities of periodontal treatment compared over 5 years*
Authors: Ramfjord S. P. , Caffesse R. G. , Morrison E. C. , Hill R. W. , Kerry G. J. , Appleberry E. A. , Nissle R. R. , Stults D. L. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.The purpose of the present study was to assess in a clinical trial over 5 years the results following 4 different modalities of periodontal therapy (pocket elimination or reduction surgery, modified Widman flap surgery, subgingival curettage, and scaling and root planing). 90 patients were treated. The treatment methods were applied on a random basis to each of the 4 quadrants of the dentition. The patients were given professional tooth cleaning and oral hygiene instructions every 3 months. Pocket depth and attachment levels were scored once a year. 72 patients completed the 5 years of observation. Both patient means for pocket depth and attachment level as well as % distribution of sites with loss of attachment ≥2 mm and ≥3 mm were compared.For 1‐3 mm probing depth, scaling and root planing, as well as subgingival curettage led to significantly less attachment loss than pocket elimination and modified Widman flap surgery. For 4 6 mm pockets, scaling and root planing and curettage had better attachment results than pocket elimination surgery. For the 7‐12 mm pockets, there was no statistically significant difference among the results following the various procedures.
Periodontal status in university students
Authors: Murtomaa H. , Meurman J. H. , Rytömaa I. , Turtola Lauri 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.The periodontal status of 217 5th‐year students (aged 25‐26 years and born in Helsinki) at the University of Helsinki was assessed. The students had been eligible for community‐based dental care free of charge until the age of 18 years, after which they could obtain low‐cost dental care from the Helsinki Student Health Service. Their periodontal status was determined according the community periodontal index of treatment needs; gingival retraction was recorded when 1 mm or more of the cementum was exposed. Code 0 sextant was found for 67% of the women and 57% of the men. 20% of the students examined had sextant scoring of code 3; no‐one had code 4 sextants. 69% of the women and 49% of the men had gingival retraction, in average 1.5 ± 0.5 mm. No correlation was found between the frequency of tooth brushing or the hand used for brushing and the number of retractions, nor did the number of healthy sextants correlate with the frequency of retractions. The findings emphasize the importance of better guidance regarding qualitative aspects of oral hygiene at home.
The presence of methanobacteria in human subgingival plaque
Authors: Brusa T. , Conca R. , Ferrara A. , Ferrari A. , Pecchioni A. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.Through a procedure of setting up a strictly anaerobic chain from sampling subgingival plaque to incubation in an anaerobic cabinet (O2 < 10 ppm), it was possible to, for the first time, isolate methanobacteria from human subgingival plaque.
Gingival attachment level measurements with an automated periodontal probe
Authors: Birek Peter , McCufloch C. A. G. , Hardy V. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.The accurate and reproducible measurement of gingival attachment level is essential for studying the progression of periodontitis in human populations. An automated periodontal probe has been developed which measures gingival attachment level using the occlusal or incisal surface of the tooth as a fixed landmark and which transfers data directly to a computer. The probing force is adjustable and is regulated by changing the air pressure. A mercury level switch maintains uniform probe angulation during measurements. The reproducibility of measurements obtained with the automated periodontal probe was examined by making duplicate gingival attachment level measurements at 784 sites in 9 patients 1 week apart and comparing the difference between the paired values. A probing force of 0.30 N was used. There was no significant difference in the frequency distributions of measurement differences between either maxillary versus mandibular teeth or anterior versus posterior teeth. The data demonstrate that this device can be used to measure gingival attachment level without the need for stents or estimation of the level of the cementoenamel junction and that reproducible data can be obtained and automatically stored in a computer for subsequent analysis.
Lack of bacterial invasion in experimental periodontitis
Authors: Ericsson Ingvar , Lindhe Jan , Liljenberg Brigitta , Persson Anna‐Lena 
Published: December 2005

Abstract.The present study in the beagle dog was performed to analyze whether micro‐organisms from a subgingival microbiota could be translocated into or had the potential to invade the pocket epithelium and the gingival connective tissue during a phase of rapid breakdown of the attachment apparatus. An attempt was also made to assess whether tetracycline therapy suppressed the subgingival microbiola and changed the size and quality of the lesions in the gingival tissue. 5 inbred beagle dogs were used. Throughout the period of experimentation, the animals were fed a soft diet permitting gross accumulation of plaque and calculus. No mechanical plaque control measures were performed during the course of the study. On day 0, a 120‐day period of periodontal tissue breakdown was initialed at the right mandibular 3rd and 4th premolars by tying cotton floss ligatures around the neck of these teeth. The process of tissue breakdown at the mandibular left 3rd and 4th premolars was started 3D days later. The ligatures were replaced once every 2 weeks during the subsequent 4‐month period. On experimental day 120, the first biospy was performed and gingival tissue sections prepared for light and electron microscopic assessment of a series of histometric characteristics. On day 120, a 30‐day period of tetracycline (per os) administration was initiated. Each dog was given a dose of 500 mg tetracycline twice daily. On day 150, the biopsy procedure was repeated in the mandibular left premolar regions. The results failed to demonstrate that bacteria from the subgingival microbiota penetrated the pocket epithelium and the gingival tissues of dogs, showing signs of advanced breakdown of the attachment apparatus. The data furthermore disclosed that tetracycline, administered via the systemic route in dogs with gingivitis and advanced loss of alveolar bone, markedley reduced the size of the inflammatory cell infiltrate of the gingiva and reduced the number of neutrophils and macrophages in the pocket epithelium. Tetracycline therapy however, failed to aller the connective tissue attachment level and failed to affect clinical parameters of gingivits.
High Throughput Screening of Rigid Polyisocyanurate Foam Formulations: Quantitative Characterization of Isocyanurate Yield via the Adiabatic Temperature Method
Authors: Raffel Bolko , Loevenich Catherine J. 
Published: December 2005

To reduce the time-to-market, a high throughput experimentation (HTE) method has been introduced at Bayer MaterialScience for the rapid development and optimization of polyurethane (PU) foam formulations and for the fast screening of new PU raw materials. The foam processor developed for this purpose allows automated PU foam production on a scale of 0.4 L, which is ten times smaller than the usual lab-scale foam volume. In order to optimize formulations for the increasing polyisocyanurate (PIR) foam market, a rapid in situ method has additionally been developed that is able to quantify isocyanurate concentration and yield. This method, the adiabatic temperature method (ATM), is based on the temperature profile measured within the foam bun in the HTE foam processor. By comparison with attenuated total reflection (ATR)-FTIR spectra of the cured foams, it is shown that the isocyanurate concentration found in the 0.4 L foams is comparable with that of larger foams typically used in the laboratory (ca. 5 L). This demonstrates that the 0.4 L foams can be used to investigate the trimerization of isocyanates to form isocyanurate. The suitability of the ATM is demonstrated and verified by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the influence of the index on isocyanurate yield and concentration for a pentane blown and a water co-blown PIR formulation. Isocyanurate yield is shown to be negligible at indices close to 100 but increases to an almost constant level at higher indices, the height of which depends on the type of the formulation. A level of approximately 70% has been observed for the physically blown formulations, whereas the water co-blown formulations only reach a level of around 40%. Due to the successful implementation of the ATM, Bayer MaterialScience is increasingly using high throughput experimentation to optimize PIR recipes and to examine new raw materials and additives for polyisocyanurate foams. This has led to an increase in the efficiency of our polyurethane research and opened up possibilities that were not available to us before.
A community based investigation of the association between cannabis use, injuries and accidents
Authors: Wadsworth E. J. K. , Moss S. C. , Simpson S. A. , Smith A. P. 
Published: December 2005

There are well documented acute and chronic effects of cannabis use. However, less is known about any effects on safety within the context of work and everyday life. The aim of the study was to examine any association between cannabis use and injuries and accidents. A postal questionnaire survey was conducted among people selected at random from the electoral registers of Cardiff and Merthyr Tydfil. Cannabis use was associated with both minor injuries and accidents, particularly among those with high levels of other associated risk factors. Cannabis use was associated with a significant detrimental impact on safety. It is possible that this is linked to an amplification of other risk factors associated with accidents and injuries. This has potentially wide reaching implications particularly in the context of other work and lifestyle characteristics.
Electroencephalogram slowing, sleepiness and treatment response in patients with schizophrenia during olanzapine treatment
Authors: Wichniak Adam , Szafrański Tomasz , Wierzbicka Aleksandra , Waliniowska Elżbieta , Jernajczyk Wojciech 
Published: December 2005

Electroencephalogram (EEG) slowing is associated with clozapine side effects, e.g., sedation, and may predict treatment response during clozapine treatment. As olanzapine and clozapine share many pharmacological properties, we investigated whether EEG slowing during olanzapine treatment was related to therapy outcome and sleepiness in patients with schizophrenia. Participants were age- and gender-matched schizophrenic patients treated with olanzapine ( n 54), receiving no pharmacological treatment ( n 54), or cotreated with olanzapine and some other psychotropic drug ( n 38). Their EEG recordings were assessed visually by the same rater blind to clinical data. The EEG scores were categorized using standardized forms. Patients with a poor treatment response did not differ significantly from those with a good response to treatment either in EEG patterns or in frequency of sleepiness. Olanzapine treatment was associated with increased rates of slow (70.4% vs. 22.3%) and sharp waves (22.2% vs. 7.4%), as well as of paroxysmal slow wave discharges (14.8% vs. 1.9%), but did not induce spike- or sharp-slow-wave complexes. Cotreatment with another antipsychotic further increased EEG abnormalities, whereas benzodiazepine administration diminished the olanzapine-induced EEG changes. The results show that olanzapine inducing both slow and sharp waves, as well as paroxysmal discharges, has a strong impact on EEG. However, as no spike- or sharp-slow-wave complexes were observed, the risk of epileptic seizure during olanzapine treatment can be regarded as low, as long as olanzapine is not combined with some other antipsychotic.