bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Memory and the Other
Authors: Motzkin Gabriel 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
I Three Duals
There are two competing loci for our interchange with the past, and two positions that we adopt vis-à-vis that past. These loci are history and memory, the one being the sum of what has happened up to now and the other comprising the sum of what we remember about all that has happened. Seen in this way, the set of historical events is much greater than the set of memorial events. Yet the set of all events often appears to be smaller than that of all remembered events because this latter always seems to be full, or certainly much fuller than the set of all events. So little of the sum total of what has happened is accessible that there seem to be far fewer members of the set of all past events than there are members of the set of all remembered events. Nonetheless, both positions are formally possible. The question is whether we begin our discussion of the relation between history and memory from the position of history or from the position of memory. If we commence from the first position, we seek to know all that happened and then ask what do we remember about what happened, whereas if we start from the latter position, we seek to know what we remember about what happened and ask about what happened only as we have gained access to it from what we remember about it.
The Theopolitical Foundations of Strauss's Criticism of Modernity
Authors: Oram Matan 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
I Philosophers and Prophets
The tradition of the Falasifa (medieval Platonic-Aristotelian Muslim philosophers) tends to refute Plato's ideal of the “philosopher-king”, in which the philosopher is distinguished as the highest human type. In contrast to the philosopher, whose knowledge is incomplete and indirect, the prophet, through revelation, attains profound knowledge and truth. According to the Falasifa version of Platonic politics, the prophet, who represents the highest form of human wisdom conditioned by divine providence, is a founder of political community and a lawgiver.
Die Hannah Arendt-Rezeption im russischsprachigen Raum. Michael Hefetz: Hannah Arendt – eine Beurteilung des 20. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Matveev Julia 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Die gegenwärtige Popularität Arendts, die man in West-Europa als „Wiederentdeckung einer […] Klassikerin durch eine neue Generation von jüngeren Intellektuellen“ bzw. als Arendt-Renaissance definiert, hat das Interesse an Arendt in Russland und in den russischsprachigen intellektuellen Kreisen in Israel geweckt. Dieser Umstand kann zweifellos mit dem Ende des Kommunismus in Russland in Verbindung gebracht werden, weil gerade dort „vieles, was [Arendt] über Politik gesagt hat, durch die Ereignisse erhärtet worden ist“. Die Anerkennung von Arendts hinlänglich bekannter Konzeption des Politischen verweist auf das Interesse der russischsprachigen Intellektuellen nicht nur an Vergangenem, sondern auch an dem, was in die Gegenwart reicht und als Orientierungshilfe für die Zukunft dienen kann.
Does Increased Abortion Lead to Lower Crime? Evaluating the Relationship between Crime, Abortion, and Fertility
Authors: Sen Anindya 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Donohue and Levitt (2001) attribute over half of the decline in U.S. crime rates during the 1990s to abortion legalization. This paper conducts similar research by exploiting cross-province time-series variation in Canadian data. The use of Canadian data allows me to separate the effects of teenage abortions from general abortion rates. This distinction is important, as more than a quarter of the drop in violent crime can be attributed to the increase in teenage abortions that occurred after legalization. These results suggest that lower crime rates from abortion legalization are due to better timing of births rather than lower cohort size. They are further substantiated by OLS estimates, which imply that the drop in teenage fertility rates during the 1960s and 1970s is responsible for more than half of the decline in violent crime rates witnessed during the 1990s.
Intergenerational Income Mobility in Singapore
Authors: Ng Irene 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Research on intergenerational earnings mobility in less developed economies is lacking. This paper investigates the case of Singapore, a newly-industrialized economy in Asia. Interval regressions are employed because of grouped dependent variables. Instrumental variables address problems of respondent errors and unobserved permanent income. Still, the estimated intergenerational elasticity of between 0.23 and 0.28 is probably under-estimated because the study uses a survey of young respondents who reported contemporaneous incomes of parents. Transformation of the estimates using scales in recent comparative studies indicates that intergenerational earnings mobility in Singapore may be moderately low when compared internationally. Education as a means through which parents invest in their children's future earnings appears important. There are some small independent returns from schooling. Mobility does not appear to differ by ethnicity, sex or income. These findings have important implications for equity, development and policy in Singapore, which has rising income disparity, a maturing economy, and an educational system which is increasingly privately run.
Firm Regulation and Profit Sharing: A Real Option Approach
Authors: Moretto Michele , Valbonesi Paola 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
To avoid the extremely high profit levels found in the recent experience of public utilities' regulation, some regulators have introduced a profit-sharing (PS) rule that revises prices to the benefit of consumers. However, in order to be successful, a PS rule should satisfy appropriate incentive conditions.In this paper, we study the incentive properties of a second best PS mechanism designed by the regulator to induce a regulated monopolist to divert its "excessive" profits to the customers. In a real option model where a regulated monopolist manages a long-term franchise contract and the regulator has the option to revoke the contract if there is serious welfare loss, we first endogenously derive the welfare maximising PS rule under the verifiability of profits. We then explore the dynamic efficiency of this PS rule under the non-verifiability of profits and study the firm's incentive to comply with it in an infinite-horizon game. Finally, we derive the price adjustment path which follows the adoption of a PS rule in a price cap regulation.We show that the riskiness of the distribution of the firm's future profits and the regulator's cost in revoking the franchise contract are key factors in determining the equilibrium properties of a dynamic PS rule.
Optimal Origin-based Commodity Taxation in a Small Open Economy
Authors: Arachi Giampaolo 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
This paper investigates whether the pursuit of redistributional objectives may provide a rationale for origin-based taxation in small open economies. The analysis is developed in a simple two-class economy where consumers are classified according to the type of labour they supply. As world prices are given for a small open economy, the full burden of origin-based commodity taxes falls on the two types of labour. When a non-linear tax is levied on labour income, origin-based taxes cannot directly improve income distribution as the two types of labour face different marginal tax rates. However, the government can exploit the differential incidence of these origin-based taxes and increase social welfare by relaxing the self-selection constraints that bind the non-linear tax. Rather surprisingly, the value judgements embedded in the social welfare functional do not affect the structure of optimal origin-based commodity taxation.The paper also shows that the optimal structure of origin-based commodity taxation does not change when the labour income tax schedule is constrained to be linear, and that a positive source-based tax on capital income may be optimal if it results in a differential burden on the two types of labour.
Detecting Information Pooling: Evidence from Earnings Forecasts after Brokerage Mergers
Authors: Ng Serena , Shum Matt 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Forecast improvements can be expected if the two partners involved in a brokerage merger pool information and expertise. We examine four large mergers of brokerage firms in the last decade to study the incidence of and explanations for forecast improvements after the mergers. At the brokerage-level, we find that for two of the four mergers, forecast improvements appear more pronounced in subsamples of stocks for which both of the pre-merger analysts were retained in the merged brokerage. At the analyst-level, we find only weak evidence of forecast improvements after the merger. However, we find evidence that after a merger, a stock is more likely to be assigned to an analyst with overall better forecasting performance before the merger. This suggests that analyst selection can be a mechanism generating the post-merger forecasting improvements.
La conférence de Genève sur l'Indochine et la conjoncture actuelle
Authors: Chauvel Jean 
Published: November 2007

La situation dans la presqu'île indochinoise inquiète d'autres puissances que les Etats-Unis.
En examinant les conditions dans lesquelles s'est engagée la Conférence de Genève de 1954, peut-on en déduire que sont de nouveau réunies les conditions favorables à une rencontre internationale destinée à mettre fin au conflit actuel ? On pourrait s'y mettre d'accord sur les garanties internationales qui constitueraient une contre-partie à l'évacuation complète des troupes américaines.
L'Europe et les Etats-Unis : les leçons d'une crise
Authors: Poncet Jean-François 
Published: November 2007

Europe and the United States : the lessons of crisis, by Jean François-Poncet
The recent history of the North Atlantic Alliance is replète with misunderstandings and crises. But behind this doleful litany lies the real rapprochement which has occurred over the past thirty years between Europe and the United States. This is reflected on many levels. It is true of lifestyles, politics, foreign policy, as well as increased économie interdependence. The future holds similar problems for both Europe and the United States vis-à-vis the Soviet peril and the challenges from the Third World. But certain differences remain which seem to be permanent features of the relationship. Transformations have occurred in relations between East and West and between Europe and the United States. It is time to recognise and take account of thèse changes. But it is also necessary to accept change on our side in order to ensure that the policies of the Alliance are formulated according to clear concepts. There is also need for the Alliance to regain its lost continuity and ensure that responsibilities are shared in a way which better reflects aspirations on both side s of the Atlantic. The North Atlantic Alliance must be preserved and reinforced.
L'OTAN et la persistance du conflit gréco-turc
Authors: Pisiotis Argyrios K. 
Published: November 2007

NATO and the Continuing Greco-Turkish Conflict, by Argyrios K. Pisiotis
Many scbolars have comparee, the tumultuous relations and « inherited enmity » between Greeks and Turks with the older Franco-German antago-nism, and ask why the former have not reconciled, as the French and Germans did, considering that ail four countries are NATO members. This comparison is particularly characteristic of the Anglo-saxon school of analysis which, focusing on institutional frameworks and regimes, fails to see that the two conflicts are not comparable. At the root of each conflict are different sets of issues, such as the balance of military-political-economic power, demographics, historical circumstances, differing conceptions of war and peace, opposing perceptions of common threats, and the consequences of West European integration. Only a diplomatie policy which works with instead of around the particular realities of the Greco-Turkish conflict can produce positive results.
La réforme militaire en France : une mutation identitaire
Authors: Bureau Jean-François 
Published: November 2007

French Military Reform : a Change of Identity, by Jean-François Bureau
Since the end of the cold war France has entered a full-fledged reappraisal of her defense doctrine and organization. The « deterring manœuvre » has ceased to be the core of her strategy, a new priority being confered on limited military opérations, most of them with the allies : in Europe, the significance of the « French exceptionalism » is no longer the same. After the Gulf war, the constitution of mobile, flexible and multipurpose forces has received more attention ; their interservices dimension still needs to be enhanced. Under pressure from past financial commitments, decisions taken in 1995 illustrate the difficulty to adjust ends and means. The end of draft leads to a new model for armed forces with a strong reduction in size, whereas the eut in of defense expenditure creates a lasting constraint that is bound to require different relations between decision-makers. The culture and « specificity » of the military institution are jeopardized. France is changing her usual relations with military might.
Un siècle d'avatars impériaux
Authors: Moreau Defarges Philippe 
Published: November 2007

A Century of Imperial Metamorphosis, by Philippe Moreau Defarges
The 20th century established itself initially as the century of empire-destruction by nations : the First World War destroyed no less than four empires (the Russian, Austro-Hungarian, German and Ottoman Empires) ; the Second World War brought about the end of the colonial empires. At the same time the 20th century reinvented the idea of empire, with the - a priori surprising - possibility of democratie empires (United Nations Organization, European Union). Finally, some states which thought they were nations found themselves to be empires : Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia, of course, but also the United Kingdom, Spain and perhaps France. The clear-cut dividing line between empire and nation has become irremediably blurred.
La Résistance rejouée. Usages gaullistes du cinéma
Authors: Lindeperg Sylvie 
Published: November 2007

La Résistance rejouée. Usages gaullistes du cinéma.
Sylvie Lindeperg. [134-152]
Double réflexion sur les usages politiques du cinéma et sur le travail de gestion de l'histoire, cet article étudie selon quelles modalités le gaullisme d'Etat produisit et utilisa les images de la seconde guerre mondiale contribuant ainsi à fonder la légitimité politique de l'ancien chef de la France libre, pendant les deux périodes de son «règne». A la Libération, la propagande d'Etat avait emprunté le canal du service cinématographiques aux Armées pour exalter le rôle de l'homme du 18 juin et gommer de la représentation ses anciens alliés, devenus des concurrents politiques. Déconnectée des règles du marché cinématographique, cette fidèle courroie de transmission du pouvoir eut cependant très peu de prise sur l'opinion. Le cinéma héroïque de la Ve République fut à l'inverse marqué par le réinvestissement des enjeux de représentation du pouvoir au sein d'un pôle de production commercial ayant ses propres logiques de fonctionnement. Usant de voies détournées, les autorités gaullistes ont pu inspirer, remodeler, capter à leur profit cette nouvelle vague de films qui ont ainsi donné de la Résistance une représentation difficilement contestable.
Statistique et politique. La normalité du collectif
Authors: Thévenot Laurent 
Published: November 2007

Statistique et politique. La normalité du collectif.
Laurent Thévenot. [5-20].
L'idée d'une politique des statistiques conséquente doit se comprendre dans les relations nouées entre des opérations statistiques engageant une qualification des personnes et des opérations qui font équivalence par référence à d'autres registres, moraux, sociaux ou économiques. Il s'agit dès lors d'analyser les intrications entre des formules d'équivalence différentes, statistitique et politique. L'illustration en est fournie par les modalités de composition de l'opération de la moyenne à des constructions politiques antagonistes chez Quetelet et Durkheim. La moyenne réalise chez Quetelet la construction d'une norme morale, celle de l'individu idéal, permettant l'évaluation différentielle des grandeurs politiques et morales. Chez Durkheim, la moyenne apparaît comme une modalité — discutée — de construction d'une physique sociale du fait collectif et d'assomption d'un être moral réaliste irréductible aux êtres particuliers.
Apprivoiser la technique. Débat public autour d'une ligne à haute tension
Authors: Rémy Elisabeth 
Published: November 2007

Apprivoiser la technique. Un débat public sur une ligne à haute tension.
Elisabeth Rémy [136-144]
Une controverse sur une ligne à haute tension permet de suivre la manière dont le débat public se constitue autour d'un objet technique. L'étude du rôle joué par «l'opinion publique» se spécifie en un examen des modalités concrètes de la prise de parole. L'article montre ainsi la façon dont un comité de défense réussit à mettre la ligne en débat, comment les opposants au projet cherchent à rouvrir les différentes options techniques et comment s'enclenche un phénomène d'apprentissage collectif des procédures. Il apparaît en définitive que dans une controverse technologique publique, le public n'est jamais une catégorie stable qui peut être prédéfinie. La définition du public et de son pouvoir d'intervention résulte de la confrontation des acteurs et des modalités de prise de parole disponibles.
L'errant, entre liberté et exclusion Archéologie d'une figure de l'exclu
Authors: Wahnich Sophie 
Published: November 2007

The wanderer betweeen freedom and exclusion : an archeology of the «excluded».
Sophie Wahnich [29-46].
When confronted with the phenomenon of exclusion, we are usually told that social practices should be able to prevent the pervasive lonelyness that caracterises an individualistic society. This by beeing more open to the good side of the community. This article looks back to the time of the Ancient Regime's communities, and captures, through the character of the wanderer, the archetype of the «excluded», specific to communautarian cultures, and through this approach, turns the proposition upside down : rather than a lack of communautarian behaviour, isn't the case that our societies still suffer from the communautarian part of their heritage ?
«Clandestins» ou «exclus» ? Quand les mots font des politiques
Authors: Fassin Didier 
Published: November 2007

«Clandestins» ou «exclus» ? Quand les mots font des politiques.
Didier Fassin [77-86].
La désignation des étrangers en situation irrégulière comme «clandestins» contribue à forger une image qui s'avère de moins en moins conforme à la réalité, dans la mesure où l'État, à travers ses réglementations et la manière dont il les modifie et les applique, intervient de façon croissante comme producteur d'irrégularité. En privant ces «exclus» de la citoyenneté des mots pour nommer leur condition, la société française justifie par avance les politiques prises à leur encontre.
Survivre la nuit et le jour. La préservation de soi face au circuit d'assistance
Authors: Pichon Pascale 
Published: November 2007

Surviving night and day. Self preservation facing assistance network.
Pascale Pichon [165-180].
Through the opposition between night and day, this article deals with the characteristics of the network of emergency lodging during the day. It reveals the existence of a geography of charity. The individual adjustments depend of the characteristics of assistance. People are forced to be involved in the gift. Between resistance to the assistance and personal construction of the network, appear various ways of presenting oneself that question one's roles and identity. Observation is not the only way to perceive the process of maintening or loosing oneself. Each individual, in the stories of life collected, underlines the global meaning of survival, trying to «go on » and therefore, using at best resources that are offered (depending on the variety of his own involvement within others in survival networks). Territorial and administrative inscriptions sign social inscriptions that change and never relieve individual of fear not «pulling through».
Journalisme et sciences sociales. Proximités et malentendus
Authors: Charon Jean-Marie 
Published: November 2007

Journalisme et sciences sociales. Proximités et malentendus.
Jean-Marie Charon [16-32].
Le journalisme et les sciences sociales fréquentent bien souvent les mêmes objets. Les journalistes ont fréquemment rencontré les sciences sociales au cours de leur formation, ils empruntent des méthodes, reprennent des analyses, issues de ces dernières. Pour autant la proximité du journaliste et du chercheur en sciences sociales n'est pas sans recouvrir bien des «faux-semblants».
Le projet politique de la langue française. Le rôle de l'Alliance française
Authors: Roselli Mariangela 
Published: November 2007

The political plan of French language. The role of the Alliance française.
Mariangela Roselli [73-94].
At the heart of the revolutionary program of 1789, the French language found the conditions for a political implementation only a century later, when some socioprofessional groups specialized in linguistics entered the political sphere as experts and advisers. As active supporters of the Republican program of education for the people, these men organized and practiced the question of the the national idiom as a means for building the national unity and introducing a new form of State-intervention, not in opposition but in complementarity with the private sphere of action and corporative interests. This paper deals with the places, the moments and the actors that gave, in the second half of the XIXth century, the movement towards the recognition of the social and political dimension of language a decisive push forwards. They are described here in their effort to change the scientific and technical potential of the linguistic field into a category of political action.
Ce que les sondages font à l'opinion publique
Authors: Blondiaux Loïc 
Published: November 2007

Ce que les sondages font à l'opinion.
Loïc Blondiaux [117-136].
Cet article se propose de revisiter la controverse récurrente autour des sondages et de l'opinion qui traverse les sciences sociales et divise en particulier la science politique. Il commence par recenser les principales critiques adressées aux sondages d'opinion dans la sociologie et la science politique française et anglo-saxonne. Il tente ensuite de reconstituer une brève histoire des usages du concept d'opinion dans le discours savant. La conclusion de ce double inventaire apparaît sans ambiguïté : les sondages ne mesurent pas l'opinion publique au sens où les sciences sociales et le discours politique savant entendent habituellement cette notion. La troisième et dernière partie discute plusieurs hypothèses susceptibles de rendre compte de l'extraordinaire réussite de cette étrange mesure de l'opinion publique.
Être maire à Roubaix. La prise de rôle d'un héritier
Authors: Lefebvre Rémi 
Published: November 2007

Être maire à Roubaix. La prise de rôle d'un héritier.
Rémy Lefebvre [63-87].
L'entrée dans une institution est un moment privilégié pour analyser les pratiques et les représentations qui y ont cours. Entendue ici comme une prise de rôle, elle constitue un moment d'apprentissage où un nouvel acteur s'approprie des savoir-faire et intériorise des représentations. L'étude d'une succession mayorale à Roubaix fait apparaître que les rôles qu'endosse le nouvel édile s'articule en trois registres distincts (territorial, politique, managérial) qu'il doit mettre en cohérence. Au prix d'un bricolage permanent et en fonction de ses propres ressources politiques, le maire s'ajuste plus qu'il se conforme à l'ensemble des normes qui définissent à un moment donné le rôle de maire.