bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interobserver variation among histopathologic evaluations of intestinal tissues from dogs and cats
Authors: Willard Michael D. , Jergens Albert E. , Duncan Robert B. , Leib Michael S. , McCracken Malcolm D. , DeNovo Robert C. , Helman Rowland G. , Slater Margaret R. , Harbison Jacque L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether substantial interobserver variation exists among diagnostic pathologists for descriptions of intestinal mucosal cell populations and whether histopathologic descriptions accurately predict when a patient does not have clinically evident intestinal disease.Design—Comparative survey.Sample Population—14 histologic slides of duodenal, ileal, or colonic tissue from 10 dogs and 3 cats.Procedure—Each histologic slide was evaluated independently by 5 pathologists at 4 institutions. Pathologists, who had no knowledge of the tissues' origin, indicated whether slides were adequate for histologic evaluation and whether the tissue was normal or abnormal. They also identified the main infiltrating cell type in specimens that were considered abnormal, and whether infiltrates were mild, moderate, severe, or neoplastic.Results—Quality of all slides was considered adequate or superior by at least 4 of the 5 pathologists. For intensity of mucosal cellular infiltrates, there was uniformity of opinion for 1 slide, near-uniformity for 6 slides, and nonuniformity for 7 slides. Five dogs did not have clinical evidence of intestinal disease, yet the pathologists' descriptions indicated that their intestinal tissue specimens were abnormal.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Substantial interobserver variation was detected. Standardization of pathologic descriptions of intestinal tissue is necessary for meaningful comparisons with published articles. Clinicians must be cautious about correlating clinical signs and histopathologic descriptions of intestinal biopsy specimens. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1177–1182)
Diagnosis, surgical treatment, and performance after unilateral castration in breeding bulls: 21 cases (1989–1999)
Authors: Ivany Jennifer M. , Anderson David E. , Ayars William H. , Monke Donald R. , Wittum Thomas E. , Hull Bruce L. , Frazer Grant , St-Jean Guy 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate signalment, surgical treatment, postoperative complications, and future breeding success or semen production in a group of bulls with naturally occurring disease of the scrotum or testis.Study design—Retrospective study.Animals—21 bulls that underwent unilateral castration after evaluation for scrotal swelling.Procedure—A computer-assisted search of medical records at 2 veterinary teaching hospitals was performed. Historical, diagnostic, surgical, and follow-up data were collected and analyzed for those bulls with scrotal swelling that underwent unilateral castration.Results—Four of 5 pasture breeding bulls and 9 of 10 semen collection-center bulls successfully bred cows or produced viable semen within 6 months of surgery. Fourteen of 21 surgical procedures were performed after induction of general anesthesia. Sixty-six percent of procedures were performed as open castrations. Seventy-one percent of bulls developed postoperative complications, most of which were mild swellings. Unilateral castration returned 13 of 15 bulls with unilateral disease of the scrotum or testis to productive service by 6 months after surgery.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Unilateral castration is an effective treatment for unilateral disease of the scrotum or testis in bulls, allowing return to reproductive function. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002; 220:1198–1202)
Evaluation of an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for quantitative measurement of serum total thyroxine concentration in dogs and cats
Authors: Lurye Jill C. , Behrend Ellen N. , Kemppainen Robert J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare serum total thyroxine (T4) concentrations obtained with an in-house ELISA and a validated radioimmunoassay (RIA).Design—Laboratory trial.Sample Population—50 canine and 50 feline serum samples submitted for measurement of total T4concentration with the RIA; samples were selected to represent a wide range of concentrations (< 6 to 167 nmol/L).Procedure—Results of the ELISA and RIA were compared by calculating correlation coefficients, examining linearity, determining bias and precision, and evaluating clinical interpretations.Results—Correlation coefficients for results of the 2 methods were 0.84 for the canine samples and 0.59 for the feline samples. Examination of bias plots revealed large variations in ELISA results, compared with RIA results. For the feline samples, the ELISA consistently overestimated total T4concentration obtained with the RIA. When results of the 2 methods were categorized (low, borderline low, normal, borderline high, or high), results were discordant for 24 (48%) and 29 (58%) of the canine samples and for 18 (36%) and 28 (56%) of the feline samples (depending on whether borderline high ELISA results were considered normal or high). Reliance on results of the ELISA would have led to inappropriate clinical decisions for 31 (62%) canine samples and 25 (50%) feline samples. The ELISA coefficients of variation for the pooled canine and feline samples were 18 and 28%, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Substantial discrepancies between ELISA and RIA results for T4concentrations were detected. Thus, we concluded that the in-house ELISA kit was not accurate for determining serum total T4concentrations in dogs and cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:243–249)
Use of enrofloxacin for treatment of large-form Haemobartonella felis in experimentally infected cats
Authors: Dowers Kristy L. , Olver Christine , Radecki Steven V. , Lappin Michael R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare treatment with enrofloxacin and doxycycline with no treatment in cats experimentally infected withHaemobartonella felis.Design—Prospective case-control study.Animals—16 cats.Procedure—Cats were inoculated with large-formH felisfrom a chronically infected donor. Cats were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: doxycycline (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h), low-dose enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg, PO, q 24 h), high-dose enrofloxacin (10 mg/kg [4.5 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h), and an untreated control group. Clinical signs, Hct, blood smears, and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay were used to monitor progression of the infection.Results—All cats were confirmed to be infected withH felisvia blood smear evaluations and PCR assay results. Treatment had no effect on Hct during the intratreatment period, but Hct values were significantly greater in the low-dose enrofloxacin group, compared with the control group, during the posttreatment period. During the intratreatment period,H felisorganism counts per 1,000 RBC in the doxycycline treatment and the high-dose enrofloxacin treatment groups decreased at a significantly faster rate than those in the control group. In the posttreatment period, organism counts in the doxycycline treatment group and the low- and high-dose enrofloxacin groups decreased at significantly faster rates than counts in the control group. There was no significant effect of treatment on the number of positive PCR assay results. Two cats treated with enrofloxacin and 1 cat treated with doxycycline completely cleared theH felisorganism despite presumed immunosuppression caused by glucocorticoids.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results support the hypothesis that enrofloxacin has anti-H feliseffects. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:250–253)
Correlation between severity of clinical signs and motor evoked potentials after transcranial magnetic stimulation in large-breed dogs with cervical spinal cord disease
Authors: Poma Roberto , Parent Joane M. , Holmberg David L. , Partlow Gary D. , Monteith Gabrielle , Sylvestre Anne M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate use of transcranial magnetic motor evoked potentials for assessment of the functional integrity of the cervical spinal cord in largebreed dogs with cervical spinal cord disease.Design—Randomized, controlled, masked study.Animals—10 healthy large-breed control dogs and 25 large-breed dogs with cervical spinal cord diseases.Procedure—Affected dogs were allocated to 3 groups on the basis of neurologic status: signs of neck pain alone, ambulatory with ataxia in all limbs, or nonambulatory. Transcranial magnetic stimulation was performed on each dog with the same standard technique. Motor evoked potentials (MEP) were recorded from electrodes inserted in the tibialis cranialis muscle. Following the procedure, each dog was anesthetized and cervical radiography, CSF analysis, and cervical myelography were performed. The MEP latencies and amplitudes were correlated with neurologic status of the dogs after correction for neuronal path length.Results—Mean MEP latencies and amplitudes were significantly different between control dogs and dogs in each of the 3 neurologic categories, but were not significantly different among dogs in the 3 neurologic categories. A linear association was evident between MEP latencies and amplitudes and severity of neurologic deficits; the more severe the neurologic deficits, the more prolonged the latencies and the more decreased the amplitudes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transcranial magnetic MEP are useful to assess severity of cervical spinal cord disease in large-breed dogs. Impairment of the functional integrity of the cervical spinal cord was found even in dogs with neck pain alone. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:60–64)
Measurement of the cardiac silhouette in psittacines
Authors: Straub Jens , Pees Michael , Krautwald-Junghanns Maria-E. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine reference values for size of
the radiographic cardiac silhouette in healthy adult
medium-sized psittacines.

Design—Prospective case series.

Animals—46 African grey parrots (Psittacus erythacus),
7 Senegal parrots (Poicephalus senegalis), and
6 orange-winged Amazon parrots (Amazona amazonica).

Procedure—Birds were anesthetized, and ventrodorsal
radiographic projections were obtained. Maximum
width of the cardiac silhouette, width of the thorax at
the level of the maximum width of the cardiac silhouette,
and width of the coracoid were measured on the
radiographs. Sternum length was directly measured
on individual birds. Results of physical examination,
electrocardiography, and echocardiography were normal
in all birds.

Results—Mean cardiac silhouette width-to-sternum
length ratio was 38%, mean cardiac silhouette widthto-
thorax width ratio was 55%, and mean cardiac silhouette
width-to-coracoid width ratio was 600%.
Width of the cardiac silhouette was strongly correlated
with length of the sternum, width of the coracoid,
and width of the thorax. No significant differences
between species were detected.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that in healthy adult medium-sized psittacines,
the cardiac silhouette on a ventrodorsal radiographic
projection should be 35 to 41% of the length of the
sternum, 51 to 61% of the width of the thorax, and
545 to 672% of the width of the coracoid. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2002;221:76–79)
Use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution in cats: 72 cases (1998–2000)
Authors: Gibson Gillian R. , Callan Mary Beth , Hoffman Victoria , Giger Urs 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical features and outcome associated with use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying (HBOC) solution in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—72 cats.Procedure—Medical records of cats that received an HBOC solution were reviewed.Results—The most common clinical signs and physical examination findings prior to infusion of the HBOC solution were associated with anemia; vomiting, neurologic signs, and respiratory abnormalities were also detected. The HBOC solution was given as a supportive measure in treatment of anemia in 70 cats, most often because compatible blood was not readily available. There were 80 separate HBOC solution infusion events (mean dose, 14.6 ml/kg [6.6 mg/lb]; mean rate of infusion, 4.8 ml/kg [2.2 ml/lb] per hour). Improvements in 37 of 43 of the more closely monitored cats included increased rectal temperature, blood hemoglobin concentration, blood pressure, appetite, and activity. Adverse events in 44 cats included pulmonary edema (n = 8), pleural effusion (21), mucous membrane discoloration (21), pigmenturia (11), vomiting (4), and neurologic abnormalities (4). Twenty-three cats were discharged from the hospital, and 49 cats died or were euthanatized. Necropsy examination of 23 cats did not reveal evidence of renal or hepatic toxicosis associated with HBOC administration.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Although administration of an HBOC solution may provide temporary support to anemic cats, the development of pulmonary edema or pleural effusion potentially associated with rapid infusion rate and large volume of infusion of the HBOC solution should be investigated further before use of the solution can be recommended in cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:96–102)
Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in cats: 34 cases (1991–2001)
Authors: Schmiedt Chad W. , Tobias Karen M. , Stevenson M. A. McCrackin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether signalment, duration of hernia, clinical signs, contents of hernia, CBC and serum biochemical abnormalities, concurrent injuries, perioperative treatment and administration of analgesics, results of intraoperative anesthetic monitoring data, or level of training of the veterinarian performing the herniorrhaphy was associated with mortality rate after surgical repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—34 cats.Procedure—Review of medical records and a telephone follow-up with owners and referring veterinarians were performed.Results—Mean age of affected cats was 3.6 years; cats that survived to the time of discharge were significantly younger than cats that died or were euthanatized. Tachypnea was the most common clinical sign at hospital admission; cats that survived to the time of discharge had significantly higher respiratory rates than cats that died or were euthanatized after surgery. Postoperative complications developed in 50% of cats; tachypnea and dyspnea were most common. Mortality rate was not associated with duration of hernia or results of preoperative CBC and serum biochemical analyses, but was significantly associated with concurrent injuries. Mortality rate was not associated with hernia contents, intraoperative use of positive inotropes or corticosteroids, episodes of hypotension or severe hypoxia during anesthesia, or level of training of the veterinarian performing the surgery.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Cats that are older or have low to mildly increased respiratory rates and concurrent injuries are more likely to die after surgical repair of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1237–1240)
West Nile Virus encephalomyelitis in horses: 46 cases (2001)
Authors: Porter Michael B. , Long Maureen T. , Getman Liberty M. , Giguère Steeve , MacKay Robert J. , Lester Guy D. , Alleman A. Richard , Wamsley Heather L. , Franklin Robert P. , Jacks Stephanie , Buergelt Claus D. , Detrisac Carol J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine signalment, clinical findings,
results of diagnostic testing, outcome, and postmortem
findings in horses with West Nile virus
(WNV) encephalomyelitis.

Design—Retrospective study.

Animals—46 horses with WNV encephalomyelitis.

Procedure—Clinical data were extracted from medical
records of affected horses.

Results—On the basis of clinical signs and results of
serologic testing, WNV encephalomyelitis was diagnosed
in 46 of 56 horses with CNS signs. Significantly
more males than females were affected. Increased
rectal temperature, weakness or ataxia, and muscle
fasciculations were the most common clinical signs.
Paresis was more common than ataxia, although both
could be asymmetrical and multifocal. Supportive
treatment included anti-inflammatory medications,
fluids, antimicrobials, and slinging of recumbent horses.
Results of the IgM capture ELISA and the plaque
reduction neutralization test provided a diagnosis in
43 horses, and only results of the plaque reduction
neutralization test were positive in 3 horses. Mortality
rate was 30%, and 71% of recumbent horses were
euthanatized. One horse that had received 2 vaccinations
for WNV developed the disease and was euthanatized.
Follow-up communications with 19 owners
revealed that most horses had residual deficits at 1
month after release from the hospital; abnormalities
were resolved in all but 2 horses by 12 months after
release.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Our findings
were similar to those of previous WNV outbreaks in
horses but provided additional clinical details from
monitored hospitalized horses. Diagnostic testing is
essential to diagnosis, treatment is supportive, and
recovery rate of discharged ambulatory horses is
< 100%. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2003;222:1241–1247)
Elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk following intramammary infusion to stop lactation in mastitic mammary gland quarters of cows
Authors: Middleton John R. , Hebert Vincent R. , Fox Lawrence K. , Tomaszewska Elizabeth , Lakritz Jeff 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the elimination kinetics of chlorhexidine in milk when used as an intramammary infusion to stop lactation in cows.Design—Prospective study.Animals—6 cows.Procedure—The study was performed in 2 phases. Three cows were studied in each phase. All cows were treated with chlorhexidine suspension by infusion into a mastitic mammary gland quarter after 2 milkings 24 hours apart. Foremilk samples (100 mL) were collected from treated and untreated (controls) mammary gland quarters of each cow. Chlorhexidine was extracted from raw milk, and residue concentrations were quantified by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. Foremilk samples from days 2, 5, and 8 were analyzed in phase I, and samples from time 0 and days 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 were analyzed in phase II.Results—In phases I and II, there was no quantifiable transference of chlorhexidine to milk in untreated mammary gland quarters. Measurable chlorhexidine residues were found in milk from treated mammary gland quarters of 2 cows throughout the 42-day sample period in phase II. Estimated mean elimination half-life for chlorhexidine in milk was 11.5 days.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of the long elimination half-life of chlorhexidine in milk from treated mammary gland quarters, the lack of human dietary exposure data to suggest a food tolerance for chlorhexidine in food products, and the Food and Drug Administration's published zero tolerance for chlorhexidine in uncooked edible calf tissues, we do not recommend extralabel use of chlorhexidine suspension as a treatment to stop lactation in mastitic mammary gland quarters of cows. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003; 222:1746–1749)
Long-term functional outcome of dogs with severe injuries of the thoracolumbar spinal cord: 87 cases (1996–2001)
Authors: Olby Natasha , Levine Jay , Harris Tonya , Muñana Karen , Skeen Todd , Sharp Nick 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine long-term (> 6 months) outcome of dogs with paraplegia and loss of hind limb deep pain perception (DPP) resulting from intervertebral disk herniation or trauma.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—87 dogs.Procedure—Outcome was determined as successful or unsuccessful. The association of neuroanatomic localization, breed, age, weight, sex, and (for dogs with intervertebral disk herniation) speed of onset of signs and duration of paraplegia prior to surgery with outcome was evaluated. Owners were contacted by telephone to identify long-term health problems.Results—Nine of 17 dogs with traumatic injuries were treated, and 2 regained the ability to walk; none of the 17 dogs regained DPP. Sixty-four of 70 dogs with intervertebral disk herniation underwent surgery; 9 (14%) were euthanatized within 3 weeks after surgery (7 because of ascending myelomalacia), 37 (58%) regained DPP and the ability to walk, 7 (11%) regained the ability to walk without regaining DPP, and 11 (17%) remained paraplegic without DPP. Outcome was not associated with any of the factors evaluated, but speed of recovery of ambulation was significantly associated with body weight and age. Fifteen (41%) and 12 (32%) dogs that regained DPP had intermittent fecal and urinary incontinence, respectively.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that the prognosis for paraplegic dogs without DPP because of trauma was guarded, while dogs with disk herniation had a better chance of recovering motor function. A third of the dogs that recovered motor function had intermittent incontinence. Persistent loss of DPP did not preclude recovery of motor function, but such dogs remained incontinent. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:762–769)
Evaluation of white blood cell concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and an agar gel immunodiffusion test for early identification of foals with Rhodococcus equi pneumonia
Authors: Giguère Steeve , Hernandez Jorge , Gaskin Jack , Miller Corey , Bowman James L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate WBC concentration, plasma fibrinogen concentration, and an agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test for early identification ofRhodococcus equi-infected foals.Design—Prospective study.Animals—162 foals from a farm with enzooticR equiinfection.Procedure—Blood samples were obtained from each foal at 4-week intervals for measurement of WBC and plasma fibrinogen concentrations and at 2-week intervals for detection of anti-R equiantibody by an AGID assay. Diagnostic performance of WBC and fibrinogen concentrations was assessed by use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. For each assay, sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated at various cutoff points; bacteriologic culture ofR equifrom a tracheobronchial aspirate was used as the reference standard test.Results—Diagnostic performance of WBC concentration was significantly higher than that of fibrinogen concentration. Sensitivity and specificity of measurement of WBC concentration at a cutoff of 13,000 cells/µL were 95.2 and 61.2%, respectively; at a cutoff of 15,000 cells/µL, sensitivity was 78.6% and specificity was 90.8%. When a positive test result was used as the cutoff, sensitivity of the AGID assay was 62.5% and specificity was 53.8%.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Monitoring WBC concentration is a useful approach for early detection of infected foals on farms with a high prevalence ofR equipneumonia. In contrast, serologic surveillance by use of an AGID assay is of little benefit for that purpose. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:775–781)