bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypertonic Saline Solution Versus Mannitol for Brain Relaxation During Craniotomies: A Systematic Review and Updated Meta-Analysis
Authors: Menegaz de Almeida Artur , Viana Patrícia , Marinheiro Gabriel , Hoffmann Relvas Jessica , Lopes Lucca , Lima Guilherme Gustavo , Zanette Giusti João Antônio , Oliveira Paloma , Azevedo Silva Kaiser Cabral Mauro André , Carvalho Santos Renato , Medani Khalid 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:
The preferred osmotic agent used for brain relaxation during craniotomies remains unclear, either mannitol (MAN) or hypertonic saline (HTS). Hence, we sought to compare these solutions in this population.

METHODS:
MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched until August 02, 2023. Data were examined using the Mantel-Haenszel method and 95% CIs. Heterogeneity was assessed using I
2 statistics. Meta-regression analysis was conducted to evaluate a possible link between Brain Relaxation Score and tumor volume. R, version 4.2.3, was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTS:
A total of 16 randomized controlled trials and 1031 patients were included, of whom 631 (61%) underwent surgery for supratentorial tumor resection. Compared with MAN, HTS achieved better rates of brain relaxation (80% vs 71%; odds ratio [OR] 1.68; 95% CI 1.22-2.33; P = .001; I
2 = 0%), which was also demonstrated in the subgroup analysis of patients with supratentorial brain tumor (78% vs 65%; OR 2.02; 95% CI 1.36-2.99; P = .0005; I
2 = 0%); a minor number of patients requiring a second dose of osmotic agent (14% vs 28%; OR 0.43; 95% CI 0.27-0.69; P = .0003; I
2 = 0%); a lower fluid intake (mean difference −475.9341 mL; 95% CI −818.8952 to −132.9730; P = .007; I
2 = 88%); and lower urine output (mean difference −462.0941 mL; 95% CI −585.3020 to −338.8862; P = <.001; I
2 = 96%). Hospital length of stay and focal neurological deficits did not reach a statistically significant difference between groups.

CONCLUSION:
In this updated meta-analysis, consistent results suggest that HTS is associated with more beneficial outcomes than MAN in patients undergoing craniotomy.
Multivariate Functional Clustering with Variable Selection and Application to Sensor Data from Engineering Systems
Authors: Jin Zhongnan , Min Jie , Hong Yili , Du Pang , Yang Qingyu 
Published: March 2024

Multisensor data that track system operating behaviors are widely available nowadays from various engineering systems. Measurements from each sensor over time form a curve and can be viewed as functional data. Clustering of these multivariate functional curves is important for studying the operating patterns of systems. One complication in such applications is the possible presence of sensors whose data do not contain relevant information. Hence, it is desirable for the clustering method to equip with an automatic sensor selection procedure. Motivated by a real engineering application, we propose a functional data clustering method that simultaneously removes noninformative sensors and groups functional curves into clusters using informative sensors. Functional principal component analysis is used to transform multivariate functional data into a coefficient matrix for data reduction. We then model the transformed data by a Gaussian mixture distribution to perform model-based clustering with variable selection. Three types of penalties, the individual, variable, and group penalties, are considered to achieve automatic variable selection. Extensive simulations are conducted to assess the clustering and variable selection performance of the proposed methods. The application of the proposed methods to an engineering system with multiple sensors shows the promise of the methods and reveals interesting patterns in the sensor data. History: Kwok-Leung Tsui served as the senior editor for this article. Funding: The research by J. Min and Y. Hong was partially supported by the National Science Foundation [Grant CMMI-1904165] to Virginia Tech. The work by Y. Hong was partially supported by the Virginia Tech College of Science Research Equipment Fund. Data Ethics & Reproducibility Note: The original data set is proprietary and cannot be shared. The full code to replicate the results in this paper, based on summary statistics of the original data, is available at https://github.com/jiem3/MultiFuncClustering . The code applied to a simplified version is available at https://codeocean.com/capsule/4041000/tree/v1 , which covers the data analysis and part of the simulation scenarios with a single data set under each scenario using a fixed set of hyperparameters, for reducing computation time, and at https://doi.org/10.1287/ijds.2022.0034 .
Intermediary Capital and the Credit Market
Authors: Harris Milton , Opp Christian C. , Opp Marcus M. 
Published: March 2024

We propose a tractable framework to examine the role of intermediary capital in the allocation and pricing of credit. In our model, regulated financial intermediaries compete with unregulated investors, targeting distributions of heterogeneous borrowers. We derive a sufficient statistic that characterizes intermediaries’ cross-sectional lending decisions and provide a novel intermediary asset pricing equation that accounts for the endogenous segmentation of marginal investors across securities. These formulae reveal the central role of intermediaries’ shadow cost of capital in both credit allocation and pricing. Our results can concurrently rationalize a broad array of empirical facts documented in the context of credit markets. This paper was accepted by Tomasz Piskorski, finance. Funding: This work was supported by Marcus och Amalia Wallenbergs minnesfond [Grant 2021.0122].
Management of a patient with Joubert syndrome using dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation technique to improve postural control: a case report
Authors: Devi Manju , Kumar Ashwani , Kumar Amit 
Published: March 2024

Background/Aims Joubert syndrome is a rare genetic disorder of midbrain–hindbrain malformation characterised by cerebellar ataxia, hypotonia, intellectual disability, delayed milestones, ocular and respiratory impairment. This case study presents a comprehensive approach for the intervention of a 7-year-old patient with Joubert syndrome, focusing on core stability using dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation techniques in conjunction with conventional physiotherapy. Methods To address core stability, an intensive regimen of dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation exercise sessions was implemented, conducted five times a week over a span of 7 months. Each session of dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation lasted for 30 minutes with an additional 30 minutes for conventional physiotherapy. Outcome measures, including the Functional Independence Measure for Children and Gross Motor Function Measure, were used to evaluate the impact of the intervention. Results There were significant increases in the Gross Motor Function Measure and Functional Independence Measure for Children, with initial scores of 30 and 31, advancing to 134 and 53 respectively. Conclusions The findings suggest that dynamic neuromuscular stabilisation, with a focus on joint centration and spinal stabilisation to maintain optimal intra-abdominal pressure, along with traditional physiotherapy, can help patients with Joubert syndrome improve their postural balance. Implications for practice This case study raises awareness of diagnosing and addressing rare diseases such as Joubert syndrome. Physiotherapy professionals can use this case study to create therapeutic interventions for individuals with Joubert syndrome.
Dual-oscillator infrared electro-optic sampling with attosecond precision
Authors: Weigel Alexander , Jacob Philip , Schweinberger Wolfgang , Huber Marinus , Trubetskov Michael , Karandušovský Patrik , Hofer Christina , Buberl Theresa , Amotchkina Tatiana , Högner Maximilian , Hahner Daniel , Sulzer Philipp , Leitenstorfer Alfred , Pervak Vladimir , Krausz Ferenc , Pupeza Ioachim 
Published: March 2024

Electro-optic sampling of infrared electric fields has set sensitivity and dynamic-range records in broadband molecular vibrational spectroscopy. Yet, in these works, the 1-second-scale single-trace acquisition time leads to intra-scan noise accumulation and restricts the throughput in measurements of multiple samples and of dynamic processes. We present a dual-laser-oscillator approach capturing 2800 mid-infrared waveforms per second by scanning the relative delay between the sampled waveform and the gate pulses using a modulated repetition-frequency lock. The new technique of electro-optic delay tracking (EODT) provides delay calibration with down to few-attosecond precision and provides a general route to high-precision dual-oscillator spectroscopy with picosecond delay ranges. Our work has immediate applications in, e.g., precision electric-field metrology and high-speed biosensing.
Post-campaign coverage evaluation of a measles and rubella supplementary immunization activity in five districts in India, 2019–2020
Authors: Thangaraj Jeromie Wesley Vivian , Prosperi Christine , Kumar Muthusamy Santhosh , Hasan Alvira Z. , Kumar V. Saravana , Winter Amy K. , Bansal Avi Kumar , Chauhan Sanjay L. , Grover Gagandeep Singh , Jain Arun Kumar , Kulkarni Ragini N. , Sharma Santanu Kumar , Soman Biju , Chaaithanya Itta K. , Kharwal Sanchit , Mishra Sunil K. , Salvi Neha R. , Sarmah Nilanju P. , Sharma Sandeep , Varghese Adarsh , Sabarinathan R. , Duraiswamy Augustine , Rani D. Sudha , Kanagasabai K. , Lachyan Abhishek , Gawali Poonam , Kapoor Mitali , Chonker Saurabh Kumar , Sangal Lucky , Mehendale Sanjay M. , Sapkal Gajanan N. , Gupta Nivedita , Hayford Kyla , Moss William J. , Murherkar Manoj V. 
Published: March 2024

Background
In alignment with the Measles and Rubella (MR) Strategic Elimination plan, India conducted a mass measles and rubella vaccination campaign across the country between 2017 and 2020 to provide a dose of MR containing vaccine to all children aged 9 months to 15 years. We estimated campaign vaccination coverage in five districts in India and assessed campaign awareness and factors associated with vaccination during the campaign to better understand reasons for not receiving the dose.

Methods and findings
Community-based cross-sectional serosurveys were conducted in five districts of India among children aged 9 months to 15 years after the vaccination campaign. Campaign coverage was estimated based on home-based immunization record or caregiver recall. Campaign coverage was stratified by child- and household-level risk factors and descriptive analyses were performed to assess reasons for not receiving the campaign dose. Three thousand three hundred and fifty-seven children aged 9 months to 15 years at the time of the campaign were enrolled. Campaign coverage among children aged 9 months to 5 years documented or by recall ranged from 74.2% in Kanpur Nagar District to 90.4% in Dibrugarh District, Assam. Similar coverage was observed for older children. Caregiver awareness of the campaign varied from 88.3% in Hoshiarpur District, Punjab to 97.6% in Dibrugarh District, Assam, although 8% of children whose caregivers were aware of the campaign were not vaccinated during the campaign. Failure to receive the campaign dose was associated with urban settings, low maternal education, and lack of school attendance although the associations varied by district.

Conclusion
Awareness of the MR vaccination campaign was high; however, campaign coverage varied by district and did not reach the elimination target of 95% coverage in any of the districts studied. Areas with lower coverage among younger children must be prioritized by strengthening the routine immunization programme and implementing strategies to identify and reach under-vaccinated children.
Towards personalised anti-microbial and immune approaches to infections in acute care. Can real-time genomic-informed diagnosis of pathogens, and immune-focused therapies improve outcomes for patients? An observational, experimental study protocol
Authors: Quarton Samuel , McGee Kirsty , Cumley Nicola , Behruznia Mahboobeh , Jeff Charlotte , Belchamber Kylie , Cox Michael , Thickett David , Scott Aaron , Parekh Dhruv , McNally Alan , Sapey Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Infection causes a vast burden of disease, with significant mortality, morbidity and costs to health-care systems. However, identifying the pathogen causative infection can be challenging, resulting in high use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, much of which may be inappropriate. Novel metagenomic methods have potential to rapidly identify pathogens, however their clinical utility for many infections is currently unclear. Outcome from infection is also impacted by the effectiveness of immune responses, which can be impaired by age, co-morbidity and the infection itself. The aims of this study are twofold:

To compare diversity of organisms identified and time-to-result using metagenomic methods versus traditional culture -based techniques, to explore the potential clinical role of metagenomic approaches to pathogen identification in a range of infections.
To characterise the ex vivo function of immune cells from patients with acute infection, exploring host and pathogen-specific factors which may affect immune function and overall outcomes.

Methods
This is a prospective observational study of patients with acute infection. Patients with symptoms suggestive of an acute infection will be recruited, and blood and bodily fluid relevant to the site of infection collected (for example, sputum and naso-oropharyngeal swabs for respiratory tract infections, or urine for a suspected urinary tract infection). Metagenomic analysis of samples will be compared to traditional microbiology, alongside the antimicrobials received. Blood and respiratory samples such as bronchoalveolar lavage will be used to isolate immune cells and interrogate immune cell function. Where possible, similar samples will be collected from matched participants without a suspected infection to determine the impact of infection on both microbiome and immune cell function.
Japanese clinical practice patterns of rituximab treatment for minimal change disease in adults 2021: A web-based questionnaire survey of certified nephrologists
Authors: Koizumi Masahiro , Ishimoto Takuji , Shimizu Sayaka , Sasaki Sho , Kurita Noriaki , Wada Takehiko 
Published: March 2024

Background
In Japan, rituximab (RTX) for adult-onset frequently relapsing (FR)/steroid-dependent (SD) minimal change disease (MCD) is not explicitly reimbursed by insurance, and its standard regimen has not been established.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional web-based survey between November and December 2021. The participants were nephrologists certified by the Japanese Society of Nephrology and answered 7 items about RTX for adult MCD. Factors related to the experience of RTX administration at their facilities were estimated by generalized estimating equations.

Results
Of 380 respondents, 181 (47.6%) reported the experience of RTX use for adult MCD at their current facilities. Those who worked at university hospitals (vs. non-university hospitals, proportion difference 13.7%) and at facilities with frequent kidney biopsies (vs. 0 cases/year, 19.2% for 1–40 cases/year; 37.9% for 41–80 cases/year; 51.9% for ≥ 81 cases/year) used RTX more frequently. Of 181 respondents, 28 (15.5%) answered that there was no insurance coverage for RTX treatment. Of 327 respondents who had the opportunity to treat MCD, which was a possible indication for RTX, 178 (54.4%) indicated withholding of RTX administration. The most common reason was the cost due to lack of insurance coverage (141, 79.2%). Regarding RTX regimens for FR/SD MCD, introduction treatment with a single body surface area-based dose of 375 mg/m2 and maintenance treatment with a 6-month interval were the most common.

Conclusion
This survey revealed the nephrologists’ characteristics associated with RTX use, the barriers to RTX use, and the variation in the regimens for adult MCD in Japan.
Comparative effectiveness of cervical vs thoracic spinal-thrust manipulation for care of cervicogenic headache: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Nambi Gopal , Alghadier Mshari , Eltayeb Mudathir Mohamedahmed , Aldhafian Osama R. , Saleh Ayman K. , Alsanousi Nesreen , Albarakati Alaa Jameel A. , Omar Mohamed A. , Ibrahim Mohamed Nagah Ahmed , Attallah Abdehamid A. , Ismail Mohammed Abdelgwad , Elfeshawy Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThere is ample evidence supporting the use of different manipulative therapy techniques for Cervicogenic Headache (CgH). However, no technique can be singled as the best available treatment for patients with CgH. Therefore, the objective of the study is to find and compare the clinical effects of cervical spine over thoracic spine manipulation and conventional physiotherapy in patients with CgH.Design, setting, and participantsIt is a prospective, randomized controlled study conducted between July 2020 and January 2023 at the University hospital. N = 96 eligible patients with CgH were selected based on selection criteria and they were divided into cervical spine manipulation (CSM; n = 32), thoracic spine manipulation (TSM; n = 32) and conventional physiotherapy (CPT; n = 32) groups, and received the respective treatment for four weeks. Primary (CgH frequency) and secondary CgH pain intensity, CgH disability, neck pain frequency, neck pain intensity, neck pain threshold, cervical flexion rotation test (CFRT), neck disability index (NDI) and quality of life (QoL) scores were measured. The effects of treatment at various intervals were analyzed using a 3 × 4 linear mixed model analysis (LMM), with treatment group (cervical spine manipulation, thoracic spine manipulation, and conventional physiotherapy) and time intervals (baseline, 4 weeks, 8 weeks, and 6 months), and the statistical significance level was set atP< 0.05.ResultsThe reports of the CSM, TSM and CPT groups were compared between the groups. Four weeks following treatment CSM group showed more significant changes in primary (CgH frequency) and secondary (CgH pain intensity, CgH disability, neck pain frequency, pain intensity, pain threshold, CFRT, NDI and QoL) than the TSM and CPT groups (p = 0.001). The same gradual improvement was seen in the CSM group when compared to TSM and CPT groups (p = 0.001) in the above variables at 8 weeks and 6 months follow-up.ConclusionThe reports of the current randomized clinical study found that CSM resulted in significantly better improvements in pain parameters (intensity, frequency and threshold) functional disability and quality of life in patients with CgH than thoracic spine manipulation and conventional physiotherapy.Trial registrationClinical trial registration:CTRI/2020/06/026092trial was registered prospectively on 24/06/2020.
High-dose oral thiamine versus placebo for chronic fatigue in patients with primary biliary cholangitis: A crossover randomized clinical trial
Authors: Bager Palle , Bossen Lars , Gantzel Rasmus , Grønbæk Henning 
Published: March 2024

Background & aimsFatigue has high negative impact on many patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and treatment options are limited. Recently we showed favorable effects of four weeks of high-dose thiamine treatment on fatigue in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to investigate the effect and safety of high-dose (600–1800 mg daily) oral thiamine treatment on chronic fatigue in patients with PBC.MethodsRandomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled crossover trial including patients with severe PBC-related fatigue. Participants were allocated 1:1 to either group 1) 4 weeks of high-dose thiamine, 4 weeks of washout, and 4 weeks of placebo; or group 2) 4 weeks of placebo, washout, and high-dose thiamine, respectively. Fatigue severity was quantified using the fatigue subscale of the PBC-40 questionnaire. The primary outcome was a fatigue reduction of ≥ 5 points after 4 weeks of high-dose thiamine treatment.ResultsWe enrolled 36 patients; 34 completed the study. The overall mean reduction in fatigue was 5.0 points (95% CI: 2.5 to 7.5; p < 0.001) for the combined group 1 and group 2. Crossover analysis showed a mean increase in fatigue of 0.3 points (95% CI: -4.2 to 3.8) after high-dose thiamine treatment compared to a 1.4 points (95% CI: 6.2 to –3.4) mean reduction after placebo (p = 0.55). Only mild and transient adverse events were recorded.ConclusionFour weeks of high-dose oral thiamine treatment in patients with PBC was well tolerated and safe. However, high-dose thiamine was not superior to placebo in reducing PBC-related fatigue.Trial registrationThe trial was registered in the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04893993) and EudraCT (2020-004935-26).
Systemic Amyloid A Protein Amyloidosis With Gastrointestinal Involvement
Authors: Akharume Olubunmi , Ojeniyi Solabomi , Naqvi Haider A. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Systemic amyloidosis is a multiorgan deposition of misfolded amyloid protein fibrils. The systemic amyloid A protein (AA) amyloidosis type predominantly involves the kidney and is mostly an under-recognized complication among persons who inject drugs. Gastrointestinal involvement in systemic AA amyloidosis that is associated with illicit drug use is uncommon. In this report, we present a case of a 40-year-old man with history of injection drug use, recurrent skin and soft-tissue infection, and renal AA amyloidosis that presented with painless bloody bowel movement, which initially resolved with conservative management. Upon further evaluation, the patient was found to have empyema that required antibiotic therapy and bilateral pleural drain. His hospital course was further complicated by multiple episodes of hematochezia requiring gastrointestinal consultation. Subsequent gastrointestinal biopsy revealed amyloid deposit.
Presuppositions cross-linguistically: A comparison of soft and hard triggers in Chinese and German
Authors: Chen Yuqiu , Antomo Mailin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPresuppositions are typically considered as projective inferences that are triggered by certain expressions and taken for granted. Whereas Simons (Simons, Mandy. 2001. On the conversational basis of some presuppositions.Semantics and Linguistic Theory11. 431–448) observes that expressions with a similar semantic content belonging to the same language give rise to the same presupposition, this has not been investigated in a systematic way for semantically equivalent expressions from different languages. Furthermore, more recent research has shown that different presupposition triggers are characterized by differing projective strength, therefore, a distinction of highly projective hard triggers and less projective soft triggers has been proposed (Abusch, Dorit. 2002. Lexical alternatives as a source of pragmatic presuppositions.Semantics and Linguistic Theory12. 1–19, Abusch, Dorit. 2010. Presupposition triggering from alternatives.Journal of Semantics27(1). 37–80). Here, we present an experiment comparing four classical presupposition triggers from German and their counterparts in Chinese (cleft sentences,win, factive predicatesregretanddiscover) in order to a) investigate the cross-linguistic stability of their projective strength and b) to verify the heterogeneity of these triggers in both languages. Our results show that the projective behavior and the heterogeneity of presuppositions can be considered cross-linguistically stable, at least when suitable equivalences for both languages can be found. Furthermore, our data suggest that the group of soft triggers has to be more heterogeneous than previously assumed. More precisely, whereas hard triggers behave the same way, it is possible that each soft trigger might be soft in its own way. In sum, our experimental investigation aims to improve the understanding of presuppositions, the underlying triggering process and their projective behavior across different languages.