bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for development of dysautonomia in dogs
Authors: Berghaus Roy D. , O'Brien Dennis P. , Johnson Gayle C. , Thorne James G. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To identify risk factors associated with
dysautonomia in dogs.

Design—Case-control study.

Animals—42 dogs with dysautonomia examined
between October 1988 and January 2000 and 132
control dogs examined during the same period for an
unrelated problem.

Procedure—Information was gathered from medical
records and surveys mailed to owners of case and
control dogs.

Results—42 case and 132 control dogs were included;
completed surveys were returned by owners of
30 case and 103 control dogs. Dogs with dysautonomia
were significantly younger (median, 18 months)
than control dogs (median, 60 months) and more likely
to come from rural areas and to spend ≥ 50% of
their time outdoors. Compared with rural control dogs
that spent at least some time outdoors, affected dogs
were more likely to have access to pasture land, farm
ponds, and cattle, and to have consumed wildlife, at
least occasionally. The largest numbers of dogs with
dysautonomia were identified during February and
April, with relatively few dogs identified during the
summer and early fall.

Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Although the
cause of dysautonomia is unknown, results suggest
that dogs with dysautonomia were significantly more
likely to live in rural areas and spend ≥ 50% of their
time outdoors than were control dogs examined for
unrelated diseases. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:
1285–1290)
Comparison of immediate intradermal test reactivity with serum IgE quantitation by use of a radioallergosorbent test and two ELISA in horses with and without atopy
Authors: Lorch Gwendolen , Hillier Andrew , Kwochka Kenneth W. , Saville William J. , Kohn Catherine W. , LeRoy Bruce E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To compare a radioallergosorbent test
and 2 ELISA with intradermal testing for the determination
of environmental allergen hypersensitivity in
horses with and without atopic diseases.

Design—Prospective clinical study.

Animals—10 horses with recurrent urticaria, 7 with
atopic dermatitis, 16 with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, and 22 without atopy.
Procedure—History, physical examination, hemogram,
serum biochemical analyses, bronchoalveolar
lavage, and an intradermal test (used as the criterion
standard) with a regional panel of 73 allergens were
performed in all horses. Serum was analyzed by use
of the 3 in vitro assays of allergen-specific IgE.

Results—An ELISA based on the α chain of the highaffinity
IgE receptor, the Fc∈ receptor immunoglobin ∈
chain (Fc∈RIα) for IgE, had the overall highest kappa
statistic (0.238), positive predictive value (49%), and
negative predictive value (78%). Overall agreement
between the Fc∈RIα-based ELISA and the intradermal
test was fair. The highest kappa statistic was obtained
by the Fc∈RIα-based ELISA in horses with atopic dermatitis
(0.330). Kappa statistics for the radioallergosorbent
test and a polyclonal antibody-based ELISA
agreed slightly with that of the intradermal test at best.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—None of the 3
serum allergy tests reliably detected allergen hypersensitivity,
compared with the intradermal test. The
Fc∈RIα-based ELISA performed significantly better
overall than the other 2 tests. Low sensitivity of all 3
assays indicates the need for continued study to elucidate
a more sensitive test for the determination of
potentially pathogenic allergens in horses. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2001;218:1314–1322)
Epidemiologic study of risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases in cats
Authors: Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine proportional morbidity rates (PMR) and risk factors for lower urinary tract diseases (LUTD) in cats.Design—Case-control study.Sample Population—Records of 22,908 cats with LUTD and 263,168 cats without LUTD.Procedure—Data were retrieved from the Purdue Veterinary Medical Data Base. Descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression analyses were performed to assess whether breed, age, sex, and neutering status were associated with different causes of LUTD.Results—Mean PMR for LUTD irrespective of cause was 8/100 cats (range, 2 to 13/100 cats). Increased risk for urocystolithiasis (Russian Blue, Himalayan, and Persian cats), bacterial urinary tract infections (UTI; Abyssinian cats), congenital urinary tract defects (Manx and Persian cats), and urinary incontinence (Manx cats) was detected. Cats between 2 and < 7 years of age had increased risk for urethral plugs, neurogenic disorders, congenital defects, and iatrogenic injuries. Cats between 4 and < 10 years of age had increased risk for urocystolithiasis, urethral obstructions, and idiopathic LUTD. Cats ≥ 10 years of age had increased risk for UTI and neoplasia. Castrated males had increased risk for each cause of LUTD except UTI and incontinence. Spayed females had increased risk for urocystolithiasis, UTI, and neoplasia. Sexually intact females had decreased risk for each cause of LUTD except neurogenic disorders and iatrogenic injuries.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Specific breed, age, sex, and neutering status may be associated with specific types of feline LUTD. Knowledge of patient risk factors for LUTD may facilitate development of surveillance strategies that enhance earlier detection. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1429–1435)
Clinical indications for use of fresh frozen plasma in dogs: 74 dogs (October through December 1999)
Authors: Logan Jaime C. , Callan Mary Beth , Drew Krista , Marryott Kym , Oakley Donna A. , Jefferies Leigh , Giger Urs 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To document reasons for use of fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in dogs and determine variables that apparently triggered the decision to use FFP.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—74 dogs.Procedure—Medical records of dogs that received FFP at a veterinary teaching hospital during a 3-month period were reviewed.Results—The 74 dogs underwent 144 transfusion episodes (TE; a TE was defined as 1 day of transfusion therapy) and received 252 units (120 ml/unit) of FFP. Fresh frozen plasma was administered to provide coagulation factors (67 TE), albumin (91), alphamacroglobulin (15), or immunoglobulins (19); for some TE, multiple clinical indications were identified. Variables that apparently triggered the decision to administer FFP included active hemorrhage with or without prolongation of coagulation times, low total plasma protein concentration, persistent vomiting associated with pancreatitis, and sepsis. Mean doses of FFP for each indication were between 8.5 and 9.4 ml/kg (3.9 and 4.3 ml/lb). Small dogs were generally given higher doses (mean dose, 13.9 ml/kg [6.3 ml/lb]) than large dogs (mean dose, 5.1 ml/kg [2.3 ml/lb]). Fifty (68%) dogs were alive at the time of discharge from the hospital.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that FFP plays an important role in the care of critically ill dogs. Because the supply of FFP is limited, guidelines for when administration of FFP may be clinically useful should be developed. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1449–1455)
Frequency of and risk factors for epistaxis associated with exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage in horses: 251,609 race starts (1992–1997)
Authors: Takahashi Toshiyuki , Hiraga Atsushi , Ohmura Hajime , Kai Makoto , Jones James H. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the frequency of epistaxis
during or after racing among racehorses and identify
factors associated with development of epistaxis.

Design—Retrospective study.

Sample Population—247,564 Thoroughbred and
4,045 Anglo-Arab race starts.

Procedure—Race start information (breed, age, sex,
racing distance, and race type) was obtained for
Thoroughbred and Anglo-Arab horses racing in Japan
Racing Association-sanctioned races between 1992
and 1997. All horses that raced were examined by a
veterinarian within 30 minutes of the conclusion of
the race; any horse that had blood at the nostrils was
examined with an endoscope. If blood was observed
in the trachea, epistaxis related to exercise-induced
pulmonary hemorrhage (EIPH) was diagnosed.

Results—Epistaxis related to EIPH was identified following
369 race starts (0.15%). Frequency of EIPHrelated
epistaxis was significantly associated with race
type, age, distance, and sex. Epistaxis was more common
following steeplechase races than following flat
races, in older horses than in horses that were 2 years
old, following races ≤ 1,600 m long than following
races between 1,601 and 2,000 m long, and in females
than in sexually intact males. For horses that had an
episode of epistaxis, the recurrence rate was 4.64%.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested
that frequency of EIPH-related epistaxis in
racehorses is associated with the horse's age and
sex, the type of race, and the distance raced. The
higher frequency in shorter races suggests that higher
intensity exercise of shorter duration may increase
the probability of EIPH. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;218:1462–1464)
Bacterial isolates from blood and their susceptibility patterns in critically ill foals: 543 cases (1991–1998)
Authors: Marsh Peggy S. , Palmer Jonathan E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To assess microorganisms isolated from blood specimens obtained from critically ill neonatal foals and to evaluate their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—543 neonatal foals.Procedure—Medical records of foals that were < 1 month old and were admitted to a referral neonatal intensive care unit were reviewed for results of bacteriologic culture of blood and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.Results—At least 1 microorganism was isolated from 155 of 543 (28.5%) foals.Escherichia coliwas the most commonly isolated bacterium. A single grampositive organism was detected in 49 foals. Although 90% of theE coliisolates were susceptible to amikacin, some gram-negative and gram-positive organisms had resistance against multiple antimicrobials.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Gram-negative bacteria remain the most common isolates from blood of neonatal foals; however, gram-positive organisms were also found, and with greater prevalence than reported elsewhere. Susceptibility patterns may vary, and resistance to multiple antimicrobials may develop. This is especially true for organisms such asEnterobacterspp andEnterococcusspp. Prudent empirical treatment for neonatal sepsis should include broad-spectrum antimicrobials. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1608–1610)
Serologic evidence of Rickettsia akari infection among dogs in a metropolitan city
Authors: Comer James A. , Vargas M. Camilo , Poshni Iqbal , Childs James E. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine whether dogs in New York,
NY are naturally infected with Rickettsia akari, the
causative agent of rickettsialpox in humans.

Design—Serologic survey.

Animals—311 dogs.

Procedure—Serum samples were obtained from
dogs as a part of a study on Rocky Mountain spotted
fever and borreliosis or when dogs were examined at
area veterinary clinics for routine care. Dog owners
were asked to complete a questionnaire inquiring
about possible risk factors at the time serum samples
were obtained. Samples were tested for reactivity to
spotted fever group rickettsiae by use of an enzyme
immunoassay (EIA). Twenty-two samples for which
results were positive were tested by use of an indirect
immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) assay followed
by confirmatory cross-absorption testing.

Results—Results of the EIA were positive for 24
(7.7%) dogs. A history of tick infestation and increasing
age were significantly associated with whether
dogs were seropositive. Distribution of seropositive
dogs was focal. Seventeen of the 22 samples submitted
for IFA testing had titers to R rickettsii and R
akari; for 11 of these, titers to R akari were higher than
titers to R rickettsii. Cross-absorption testing indicated
that in 6 of 7 samples, infection was caused by R
akari.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that dogs can be naturally infected with R akari.
Further studies are needed to determine the incidence
of R akari infection in dogs, whether infection
is associated with clinical illness, and whether dogs
can serve as sentinels for human disease. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2001;218:1780–1782)
Prevalence of behavioral changes associated with age-related cognitive impairment in dogs
Authors: Neilson Jacqueline C. , Hart Benjamin L. , Cliff Kelly D. , Ruehl William W. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the prevalence of age-related
behavioral changes, namely impairment, in a randomly
chosen population of dogs.

Design—Age-stratified cohort study.

Animals—97 spayed female and 83 castrated male
dogs that were 11 to 16 years old.

Procedure—Data on possible impairment in 4 behavioral
categories (ie, orientation in the home and yard,
social interaction, house training, and sleep-wake cycle)
linked to cognitive dysfunction were obtained from dog
owners, using a structured telephone interview.
Hospital records of dogs had been screened to exclude
dogs with dysfunction in organ systems that may cause
behavioral changes. Dogs with behavioral impairment
were those with ≥ 2 signs of dysfunction within a category.
Dogs with impairment in 1 category were considered
mildly impaired and those with impairment in ≥ 2
categories were considered severely impaired.

Results—Age by sex interactions for dogs with
impairment in any category were not significant, and,
therefore, data on castrated males and spayed
females were pooled for analyses across ages. The
prevalence of age-related progressive impairment
was significant in all categories. The percentage of
11- to 12-year-old dogs with impairment in ≥ 1 category
was 28% (22/80), of which 10% (8/80) had
impairment in ≥ 2 behavioral categories. Of 15- to 16-
year-old dogs, 68% (23/34) had impairment in ≥ 1 category,
of which 35% (12/34) had impairments in ≥ 2
categories. There were no significant effects of body
weight on the prevalence of signs of dysfunction in
the behavioral categories.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data collected
provide estimates of the prevalence of various
degrees of age-related behavioral changes associated
with cognitive dysfunction in dogs. Age-related behavioral
changes may be useful indicators for medical
intervention for dogs with signs of cognitive impairment.
(J Am Vet Med Assoc 2001;218:1787–1791)
Evaluation of the embryo transfer procedure proposed by the International Embryo Transfer Society as a method of controlling vertical transmission of Neospora caninum in cattle
Authors: Baillargeon Paul , Fecteau Gilles , Paré Julie , Lamothe Pierre , Sauvé Roger 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of embryo transfer into seronegative recipients, using the procedure proposed by the International Embryo Transfer Society (IETS), for preventing vertical transmission ofNeospora caninumin cattle.Design—Prospective clinical trial.Animals—87 recipient cows and heifers and their embryo transfer calves from 22 donors originating from 9 dairy herds.Procedure—Neospora caninumserologic status of donors and recipients was determined before collection and transfer of embryos. Viable embryos were washed and treated with trypsin. Recipients in experimental groups A (n = 50) and B (29) were seronegative and received embryos from seropositive and seronegative donors, respectively. Recipients in group C (n = 8) were seropositive and received embryos from seronegative or seropositive donors. Antibody titers againstN caninumwere determined monthly during pregnancy in recipients and in calf blood samples collected at birth. Tissues collected from stillborn calves and aborted fetuses were analyzed histologically and by immunohistochemical (IHC) methods.Results—76 calves and 11 fetuses and stillborn calves were examined. All calves from groups A and B were seronegative (n = 70) or lacked evidence of infection by use of tissue analysis (9). In group C, 5 of 6 calves were seropositive at birth, and IHC results were positive for 1 of 2 calves. Vertical transmission rate was significantly lower in groups A and B (0%) than in group C (75%).Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Embryo transfer into seronegative recipients, using the procedure proposed by IETS, is an effective way to prevent vertical transmission ofN caninum. Results provide support for pretransfer testing of all embryo transfer recipients. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218: 1803–1806)
Epidemiologic characteristics of rabies virus variants in dogs and cats in the United States, 1999
Authors: McQuiston Jennifer H. , Yager Pamela A. , Smith Jean S. , Rupprecht Charles E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate epidemiologic features of rabies virus variants in dogs and cats in the United States during 1999 and assess the role of bat-associated variants.Design—Epidemiologic survey.Sample Population—Rabies viruses from 78 dogs and 230 cats.Procedure—Brain specimens from rabid dogs and cats were submitted for typing of rabies virus. Historical information, including ownership and vaccination status, was obtained for each animal. Specimens were typed by use of indirect fluorescent antibody assay or reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay and nucleotide sequence analysis.Results—Nearly all animals were infected with the predicted terrestrial rabies virus variant associated with the geographic location of the submission. A batassociated variant of rabies virus was found in a single cat from Maryland. More than half (53%) of submitted animals were classified as owned animals, and most had no known history of vaccination. One vaccination failure was reported in a dog that did not receive a booster dose of rabies vaccine after exposure to a possibly rabid animal.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Bat-associated rabies virus variants were not a common cause of rabies in dogs and cats during 1999. Vaccine failures were uncommon during the study period. Because most rabid dogs and cats were unvaccinated and were owned animals rather than strays, educational campaigns targeting owners may be useful. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1939–1942)
Prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes of horses
Authors: Tarigo-Martinie Jaime L. , Wyatt Amy R. , Kaplan Ray M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence and clinical implications of anthelmintic resistance in cyathostomes of horses.Design—Prospective study.Animals—80 horses on 10 farms in a 5-county region of northeast Georgia.Procedure—On each farm, horses were stratified in descending order according to pretreatment fecal egg count (FEC), blocked into groups of 4, and then randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups: no treatment (controls), and treatment with pyrantel pamoate, fenbendazole, or ivermectin. Fecal samples were collected 24 hours prior to treatment and 2, 4, and 6 weeks after treatment for determination of FEC. Mean percentage of reduction in FEC was then calculated for each treatment group. For horses from each farm, the efficacy of each anthelmintic was categorized on the basis of mean percentage of reduction in FEC at 2 weeks after treatment (< 80% reduction = ineffective; 80 to 90% reduction = equivocal; and > 90% reduction = effective).Results—Pyrantel pamoate was effective at reducing FEC in horses from 7 farms, ineffective in horses from 2 farms, and equivocal in horses from 1 farm. Fenbendazole was ineffective at reducing FEC in horses from 9 farms and equivocal in horses from 1 farm. Ivermectin was effective at reducing FEC in horses from all 10 farms.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that cyathostome resistance to fenbendazole is highly prevalent, and resistance to pyrantel pamoate is high enough to warrant concern. Resistance to ivermectin was not detected. On the basis of these data, it appears that ivermectin continues to be fully effective in horses. However, too few farms were used in this study to determine the prevalence of cyathostome resistance to ivermectin. Therefore, the efficacy of ivermectin should continue to be monitored closely. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1957–1960)
Suspected caffeine and ephedrine toxicosis resulting from ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs: 47 cases (1997–1999)
Authors: Ooms Tara G. , Khan Safdar A. , Means Charlotte 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe the clinical signs following ingestion of an herbal supplement containing guarana and ma huang in dogs, estimate minimum dose at which clinical signs of toxicosis and death were reported, and evaluate treatment options.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—47 dogs with evidence of ingestion of an herbal supplement containing primarily guarana and ma huang.Procedure—Records of dogs that had ingested an herbal supplement containing ma huang and guarana between July 1997 and October 1999 were retrieved from the National Animal Poison Control Center database. Data were retrieved and reviewed regarding signalment, dose ingested, clinical signs, laboratory test results, treatment, and final outcome. Cases were assessed by staff veterinarians as toxicosis or suspected toxicosis on the basis of strength of evidence supporting a diagnosis.Results—Most dogs (80%) developed clinical signs of toxicosis within 8 hours of ingestion, and clinical signs persisted for up to 48 hours. Hyperactivity, tremors, seizures, and behavior changes were reported in 83% of dogs; other signs included vomiting (47%), tachycardia (30%), and hyperthermia (28%). Seventeen percent of the dogs died or were euthanatized. Estimated doses of guarana and ma huang ranged from 4.4 to 296.2 mg/kg (1.98 to 133.2 mg/lb) and 1.3 to 88.9 mg/kg (0.58 to 40.0 mg/ lb) of body weight, respectively; minimum dose at which death was reported was 19.1 mg of guarana/kg (8.7 mg/lb) and 5.8 mg of ma huang/kg (2.6 mg/lb).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Accidental ingestion of herbal supplements containing primarily guarana and ma huang in dogs can lead to a potentially lethal condition that may require prompt detoxification and supportive treatment for several days. Most dogs recovered with supportive treatment. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:225–229)
Treatment with a combination of doxorubicin, surgery, and radiation versus surgery and radiation alone for cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas: 25 cases (1995–2000)
Authors: Bregazzi Victoria S. , LaRue Susan M. , McNiel Elizabeth , Macy Dennis W. , Dernell William S. , Powers Barbara E. , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare use of doxorubicin, surgery, and radiation versus surgery and radiation alone for treatment of cats with vaccine-associated sarcoma.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—25 cats with vaccine-associated sarcomas.Procedure—Time to first recurrence and survival time were compared between the 2 treatment groups. The number of surgeries (1 or > 1) were compared with respect to time to first recurrence and survival time.Results—Median time to first recurrence was 661 days for the group that received doxorubicin, surgery, and radiation. Median time to first recurrence has not yet been attained for the group treated with surgery and radiation alone. Median survival time was 674 days for the group treated with doxorubicin, surgery, and radiation and 842 days for the group treated with surgery and radiation alone. For time to first recurrence and survival time, significant differences were not detected between cats that had 1 surgery and those that had > 1 surgery.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Significant differences between the 2 treatment groups were not detected. The efficacy of doxorubicin in the treatment of vaccine-associated sarcomas is uncertain. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:547–550)