bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Work loss and work entry among persons with systemic lupus erythematosus: Comparisons with a national matched sample
Authors: Yelin Edward , Tonner Chris , Trupin Laura , Panopalis Pantelis , Yazdany Jinoos , Julian Laura , Katz Patricia , Criswell Lindsey A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo prospectively track work loss among those employed and work entry among those not employed in a cohort of persons with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), assess risk factors for these outcomes, and compare rates of the outcomes with a matched national sample.MethodsThe present study analyzed 4 years of data from the Lupus Outcomes Study (LOS), augmented by information on the local labor market from the Census Bureau and the Bureau of Labor Statistics. We used the Kaplan‐Meier method to assess time from study initiation until work loss or work entry, and Cox proportional hazards regression to estimate factors affecting these outcomes. Finally, we compared rates of work loss and work entry in the LOS with rates in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP).ResultsAt study initiation, 394 LOS participants (51%) were employed, of whom 92 (23.4%) experienced work loss. In multivariate analysis, older age, lower cognitive and physical functioning, and higher reports of depressive symptoms predicted work loss. In comparison with the SIPP sample, rates of work loss did not differ. Of the 376 LOS participants not employed, 76 (20.2%) experienced work entry. In multivariate analysis, less disease activity, fewer lung manifestations, better physical functioning, and shorter time since last employment predicted work entry. In comparison with the SIPP, rates of work entry were only lower between ages 35 and 55 years.ConclusionUntil age 55 years, low rates of employment among persons with SLE may be due to lower rates of work entry rather than higher rates of work loss. Beyond age 55 years, both high rates of work loss and low rates of work entry contribute to low rates of employment.
The NOD2 defect in Blau syndrome does not result in excess interleukin‐1 activity
Authors: Martin Tammy M. , Zhang Zili , Kurz Paul , Rosé Carlos D. , Chen Hong , Lu Huiying , Planck Stephen R. , Davey Michael P. , Rosenbaum James T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveBlau syndrome is a rare, autosomal‐dominant, autoinflammatory disorder characterized by granulomatous arthritis, uveitis, and dermatitis. Genetics studies have shown that the disease is caused by single nonsynonymous substitutions in NOD‐2, a member of the NOD‐like receptor or NACHT–leucine‐rich repeat (NLR) family of intracellular proteins. Several NLRs function in the innate immune system as sensors of pathogen components and participate in immune‐mediated cellular responses via the caspase 1 inflammasome. Mutations in a gene related to NOD‐2, NLRP3, are responsible for excess caspase 1–dependent interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) in cryopyrinopathies such as Muckle‐Wells syndrome. Furthermore, functional studies demonstrate that caspase 1–mediated release of IL‐1β also involves NOD‐2. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that IL‐1β may mediate the inflammation seen in patients with Blau syndrome.MethodsIL‐1β release was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in vitro, obtained from 5 Blau syndrome individuals with a NOD2 (CARD15) mutation.ResultsWe observed no evidence for increased IL‐1β production in cells obtained from subjects with Blau syndrome compared with healthy control subjects. Furthermore, we presented 2 cases of Blau syndrome in which recombinant human IL‐1 receptor antagonist (anakinra) was ineffective treatment.ConclusionTaken together, these data suggest that in contrast to related IL‐1β–dependent autoinflammatory cryopyrinopathies, Blau syndrome is not mediated by excess IL‐1β or other IL‐1 activity.
Therapeutic effect of exosomes from indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase–positive dendritic cells in collagen‐induced arthritis and delayed‐type hypersensitivity disease models
Authors: Bianco Nicole R. , Kim Seon Hee , Ruffner Melanie A. , Robbins Paul D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveWe have demonstrated previously that dendritic cells (DCs) modified with immunosuppressive cytokines, and exosomes derived from DCs can suppress the onset of murine collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) and reduce the severity of established arthritis. Indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) is a tryptophan‐degrading enzyme that is important for immune regulation and tolerance maintenance. DCs expressing functional IDO can inhibit T cells by depleting them of essential tryptophan and/or by producing toxic metabolites, as well as by generating Treg cells. This study was undertaken to examine the immunosuppressive effects of bone marrow (BM)–derived DCs genetically modified to express IDO, and of exosomes derived from IDO‐positive DCs.MethodsBM‐derived DCs were adenovirally transduced with IDO or CTLA‐4Ig (an inducer of IDO), and the resulting DCs and exosomes were tested for their immunosuppressive ability in the CIA and delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) murine models.ResultsBoth DCs and exosomes derived from DCs overexpressing IDO had an antiinflammatory effect in CIA and DTH murine models. The suppressive effects were partially dependent on B7 costimulatory molecules. In addition, gene transfer of CTLA‐4Ig to DCs resulted in induction of IDO in the DCs and in exosomes able to reduce inflammation in an IDO‐dependent manner.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that both IDO‐expressing DCs and DC‐derived exosomes are immunosuppressive and antiinflammatory, and are able to reverse established arthritis. Therefore, exosomes from IDO‐positive DCs may represent a novel therapy for rheumatoid arthritis.
Physical activity and incident clinical knee osteoarthritis in older adults
Authors: Verweij Lisanne M. , van Schoor Natasja M. , Deeg Dorly J. H. , Dekker Joost , Visser Marjolein 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo study the relationship between 4 components of physical activity and the 12‐year incidence of clinical knee osteoarthritis (OA) among older adults.MethodsLongitudinal data from 1,678 men and women, ages 55–85 years, were collected in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Incident clinical knee OA was defined by an algorithm using self‐report and general practitioner data. Physical activity was assessed by a validated questionnaire from which 4 physical activity component scores were created: muscle strength, intensity, mechanical strain, and turning actions. Cox proportional hazards models were conducted to examine the relationship between these scores and incident knee OA and reported as hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).ResultsDuring 12 years of followup, 463 respondents (28%) developed clinical knee OA. A high mechanical strain score (HR 1.43, 95% CI 1.15–1.77) and a low muscle strength score (HR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.68) were associated with an increased risk of knee OA after adjustment for age, sex, region of living, education, lifetime physical work demands, lifetime general physical activity, body mass index, current total physical activity level, and depression. No association was observed in the intensity and turning actions components. The results were similar for men and women, and for obese and nonobese respondents.ConclusionOlder adults who perform low muscle strength activities or activities causing high mechanical strain had an increased risk of clinical knee OA. These results suggest that specific components of physical activity may influence the development of knee OA.
Exercise prescription for chronic back or neck pain: Who prescribes it? who gets it? What is prescribed?
Authors: Freburger Janet K. , Carey Timothy S. , Holmes George M. , Wallace Andrea S. , Castel Liana D. , Darter Jane D. , Jackman Anne M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo describe exercise prescription in routine clinical practice for individuals with chronic back or neck pain because, although current practice guidelines promote exercise for chronic back and neck pain, little is known about exercise prescription in routine care.MethodsWe conducted a computer‐assisted telephone survey of a representative sample of individuals (n = 684) with chronic back or neck pain who saw a physician, chiropractor, and/or physical therapist (PT) in the past 12 months. Individuals were asked about whether they were prescribed exercise, the amount of supervision received, and the type, duration, and frequency of the prescribed exercise. Descriptive and multivariable regression analyses were conducted.ResultsOf the 684 subjects, 48% were prescribed exercise. Of those prescribed exercise, 46% received the prescription from a PT, 29% from a physician, 21% from a chiropractor, and 4% from other. In multivariable analyses, seeing a PT or a chiropractor were the strongest predictors of exercise prescription. The likelihood of exercise prescription was increased in women, those with higher education, and those receiving worker's compensation. PTs were more likely to provide supervision and prescribe strengthening exercises compared with physicians and chiropractors, and were more likely to prescribe stretching exercises compared with physicians.ConclusionOur findings suggest that exercise is being underutilized as a treatment for chronic back and neck pain and, to some extent, that the amount of supervision and types of exercises prescribed do not follow current practice guidelines. Exercise prescription provided by PTs appears to be most in line with current guidelines.
β2‐glycoprotein i is a cofactor for tissue plasminogen activator–mediated plasminogen activation
Authors: Bu Chunya , Gao Lei , Xie Weidong , Zhang Jainwei , He Yuhong , Cai Guoping , McCrae Keith R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveRegulation of the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is critical in the control of fibrin deposition. While several plasminogen activators have been described, soluble plasma cofactors that stimulate fibrinolysis have not been characterized. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of β2‐glycoprotein I (β2GPI), an abundant plasma glycoprotein, on tPA‐mediated plasminogen activation.MethodsThe effect of β2GPI on tPA‐mediated activation of plasminogen was assessed using amidolytic assays, a fibrin gel, and plasma clots. Binding of β2GPI to tPA and plasminogen was determined in parallel. The effects of IgG fractions and anti‐β2GPI antibodies from patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) on tPA‐mediated plasminogen activation were also measured.ResultsBeta2‐glycoprotein I stimulated tPA‐dependent plasminogen activation in the fluid phase and within a fibrin gel. The β2GPI region responsible for stimulating tPA activity was shown to be at least partly contained within β2GPI domain V. In addition, β2GPI bound tPA with high affinity (Kd ∼20 nM), stimulated tPA amidolytic activity, and caused an overall 20‐fold increase in the catalytic efficiency (Kcat/Km) of tPA‐mediated conversion of Glu‐plasminogen to plasmin. Moreover, depletion of β2GPI from plasma led to diminished rates of clot lysis, with restoration of normal lysis rates following β2GPI repletion. Stimulation of tPA‐mediated plasminogen activity by β2GPI was inhibited by monoclonal anti‐β2GPI antibodies as well as by anti‐β2GPI antibodies from patients with APS.ConclusionThese findings suggest that β2GPI may be an endogenous regulator of fibrinolysis. Impairment of β2GPI‐stimulated fibrinolysis by anti‐β2GPI antibodies may contribute to the development of thrombosis in patients with APS.
Associations of 25 structural, degradative, and inflammatory candidate genes with lumbar disc desiccation, bulging, and height narrowing
Authors: Videman Tapio , Saarela Janna , Kaprio Jaakko , Näkki Annu , Levälahti Esko , Gill Kevin , Peltonen Leena , Battié Michele C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the allelic diversity of structural, inflammatory, and matrix‐modifying gene candidates and their association with disc degeneration.MethodsSubjects were 588 men ages 35–70 years. We investigated associations of single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in AGC1 and in 12 collagen, 8 interleukin, and 4 matrix metalloproteinase genes with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging measurements of disc desiccation and disc bulging and height narrowing scores, after controlling for age and suspected risk factors. Analyses were performed using QTDT software.Pvalues were derived from 1,000 permutations, and empiricalPvalues for global significance also were applied.ResultsTwelve of the 99 variants in 25 selected candidate genes provided evidence of association (P< 0.05) with disc signal intensity in the upper and/or lower lumbar regions. Allelic variants of AGC1 (rs1042631;P= 0.001), COL1A1 (rs2075555;P= 0.005), COL9A1 (rs696990;P= 0.00008), and COL11A2 (rs2076311;P= 0.018) genes provided the most significant evidence of association with disc signal intensity. The same variants of AGC1 (P= 0.010) and COL9A1 (P= 0.014), as well as variants in the COL11A1 gene (rs1463035 [P= 0.004]; rs1337185 [P= 0.015]) were also associated with disc bulging, as was AGC1 with disc height narrowing (rs1516797;P= 0.005). In addition, 4 allelic variants in the immunologic candidate genes (rs2071375 in IL1A [P= 0.027]; rs1420100 in IL18RAP [P= 0.005]) were associated with disc signal intensity.ConclusionGenetic variants account for interindividual differences in disc matrix synthesis and degradation. The accuracy of the quantitative disc signal intensity measurements we used likely enhanced our ability to observe these associations. Our findings shed light on possible mechanisms of degeneration and support the view that disc degeneration is a polygenetic condition.
Self‐report and physical performance measures of physical function in hip osteoarthritis: Relationship to isometric quadriceps torque development
Authors: Pua Yong‐Hao , Wrigley Tim V. , Collins Marnie , Cowan Sallie M. , Bennell Kim L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectiveQuadriceps strength (knee extensor torque) is an important correlate of physical function in individuals with hip osteoarthritis (OA). However, it remains unclear whether the ability to rapidly generate quadriceps torque in the early phase of muscle contraction (maximal rate of torque development [MRTD]) is also associated with physical function. The purpose of this study was to quantify the independent impact of quadriceps strength and quadriceps MRTD on self‐report and physical performance measures of physical function in community‐dwelling adults with hip OA.MethodsNinety‐two adults with radiographically confirmed symptomatic hip OA (mean age 62 years) participated. Unilateral isometric quadriceps strength and MRTD were measured using a dynamometer. Self‐report measure of physical function was assessed by the Short Form 36 (SF‐36) questionnaire, and physical performance was assessed by the timed stair and step tests.ResultsIn the hierarchical regression models, high maximal quadriceps strength and high quadriceps MRTD uniquely covaried with high SF‐36 physical function scores after accounting for demographic, anthropometric, and pain measures. For the timed stair test, all else being equal, in 2 participants with low but identical levels of quadriceps strength, the one with a higher MRTD had better stair‐climbing function. For the step test, quadriceps MRTD was not associated with step test performance over and above that of quadriceps strength.ConclusionIn individuals with hip OA, maximal quadriceps strength and quadriceps MRTD positively impact self‐report and physical performance measures of physical function. These findings are of importance in developing intervention strategies, but they call for further study.
Different amplifying mechanisms of interleukin‐17 and interferon‐γ in Fcγ receptor–mediated cartilage destruction in murine immune complex–mediated arthritis
Authors: Grevers Lilyanne C. , van Lent Peter L. E. M. , Koenders Marije I. , Walgreen Birgitte , Sloetjes Annet W. , Nimmerjahn Falk , Sjef Verbeek J. , van den Berg Wim B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectivePreviously, we reported that interferon‐γ (IFNγ) aggravates cartilage destruction in immune complex (IC)–mediated arthritis via up‐regulation of activating Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Recently, we found that interleukin‐17 (IL‐17) also aggravates cartilage destruction in arthritis models in which ICs are involved, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. This study was undertaken to determine the role of IL‐17 in FcγR‐mediated cartilage destruction in IC‐mediated arthritis and to compare its effect with that of IFNγ.MethodsIC‐mediated arthritis was passively induced in γ‐chain−/− mice, which lack functional activating FcγR, and in wild‐type controls. AdIL‐17 or a control vector was injected into the knee joints 1 day prior to induction of IC‐mediated arthritis. Knee joints were isolated for histologic analysis, and synovium samples were obtained for reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Macrophage (RAW 264.7) cell lines and polymorphonuclear cell (PMN; 32Dcl3) lines were stimulated with IFNγ or IL‐17 for analysis of FcγR expression using RT‐PCR and fluorescence‐activated cell sorting.ResultsIL‐17 overexpression prior to induction of IC‐mediated arthritis significantly aggravated cartilage destruction and inflammation, characterized by a massive influx of PMNs, which adhered to the cartilage surface. Although IL‐17 overexpression increased FcγR messenger RNA levels in the synovium, in vitro stimulation of macrophages and PMNs revealed that, in contrast to IFNγ, IL‐17 did not directly regulate FcγR expression. Despite similar inflammation in AdIL‐17–enhanced IC‐mediated arthritis in γ‐chain−/− mice and wild‐type controls, severe cartilage destruction and PMN adherence were completely absent in γ‐chain−/− mice.ConclusionOur findings indicate that IL‐17–mediated aggravation of cartilage destruction in IC‐mediated arthritis is FcγR dependent. However, in contrast to IFNγ, which directly up‐regulates FcγR expression on macrophages and PMNs, IL‐17 enhances cartilage destruction by increasing the local amount of FcγR‐bearing neutrophils.
Revision of the Absolute Configuration at C(23) of Lanostanoids and Isolation of Secondary Metabolites from Formosan Soft Coral Nephthea erecta
Authors: Cheng Shi‐Yie , Wen Zhi‐Hong , Wang Shang‐Kewi , Chiang Michael Y. , El‐Gamal Ali A. H. , Dai Chang‐Feng , Duh Chang‐Yih 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThree new oxygenated ergostanoids, 1–3, one known ergostanoid, 4, one new trinoreudesmadienone, 5, one new calamenene type sesquiterpene, 6, and one known aristolane‐type sesquiterpene, (−)‐aristolone (7), have been isolated from the AcOEt extract of the soft coral Nephthea erecta. The structures of these compounds were determined by extensive spectroscopic and X‐ray crystallographic analysis, as well as Mosher's method. We revised the absolute configuration at C(23) in the side chain of some lanostanoids as a result of the Mosher's products of 1 (i.e., 1a and 1b). The cytotoxicities against selected cancer cells and the anti‐inflammatory effects of these tested metabolites 1–7 were determined in vitro.
Composition of the Cloacal Gland Secretion of Tuatara, Sphenodon punctatus
Authors: Flachsbarth Birte , Fritzsche Matthias , Weldon Paul J. , Schulz Stefan 
Published: January 2009

Abstractmagnified imageThe lipophilic content of the cloacal gland secretion of the tuatara (Sphenodon punctatus) was investigated. GC/EI‐MS Analysis of CH2Cl2 extracts of the secretions revealed triacylglycerols as major glandular constituents. Twelve major medium‐chain fatty acids were found to be conjugated to glycerol in different combinations, resulting in complex mixtures. These acids were identified by transesterification and subsequent derivatization of natural samples, and their structures were verified by synthesis. The natural glycerides contain predominantly three of the following acids: octanoic (A), (E)‐ and (Z)‐oct‐4‐enoic (B and C, resp.), (4E,6Z)‐octa‐4,6‐dienoic (tuataric acid; D), (R)‐2,6‐dimethylheptanoic (E), (R)‐2,6‐dimethylhept‐5‐enoic (F), (Z)‐dec‐4‐enoic (G), (4Z,7Z)‐deca‐4,7‐dienoic (H), (R)‐3,7‐dimethyloct‐6‐enoic (I), (R)‐4,8‐dimethylnon‐7‐enoic (J), (2R,6S)‐2,6,10‐trimethylundec‐9‐enoic (K), and (2R,5E)‐2,6,10‐trimethylundeca‐5,9‐dienoic acids (L). Several additional acids, occurring in trace amounts only, were tentatively identified by MS. The elucidation of the absolute configuration of the acids was performed by GC on chiral phases. Individual tuatara show specific mixtures of glycerides with up to 100 components. The individual mixtures may permit individual recognition because the bouquets seem to be stable over years.
Two‐Way Molecular Switches with Large Nonlinear Optical Contrast
Authors: Mançois Fabien , Pozzo Jean‐Luc , Pan Jianfeng , Adamietz Frédéric , Rodriguez Vincent , Ducasse Laurent , Castet Frédéric , Plaquet Aurélie , Champagne Benoît 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMolecular switches: Highly efficient acido‐ and photoswitchable frequency doublers (see scheme) based on the indolinooxazolidine core are studied by means of hyper‐Rayleigh experiments and quantum‐chemical calculations.magnified imageTo optimize the nonlinear optical (NLO) contrast, a series of indolinooxazolidine derivatives with electron‐withdrawing substituents in the para position on the indolinic residue have been synthesized. Their linear and nonlinear optical properties have been characterized by UV‐visible absorption and hyper‐Rayleigh scattering measurements, as well as by ab initio calculations. The two‐way photo‐ or pH‐triggered switching mechanism has been demonstrated by comparing the absorption spectra of the zwitterionic and protonated open forms (POF). Hyper‐Rayleigh measurements have revealed that the second‐order NLO contrast between the closed indolinooxazolidine and the open π‐conjugated colored forms remain very large upon substitution. Theory and measurements show that for the POFs the amplitude of the first hyperpolarizability follows the Hammett parameters of the withdrawing groups. However, because the measurements are performed in resonance, to recover this behavior, elaborate procedures including homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings, as well as single‐mode vibronic structures are necessary to extrapolate to the static limit.
Older peoples' attitudes to mental illness
Authors: Quinn Kathryn M. , Laidlaw Ken , Murray Lindsey K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDespite the prevalence of mental health problems in later life, older people markedly underutilize mental health services. A greater awareness of factors influencing older peoples' attitudes to mental illness may therefore improve awareness and treatment of mental disorders in this population. A mixed methodology approach was used to explore and compare older peoples' attitudes to mental illness in a sample of clinical and non‐clinical participants. Results indicated that, similar to younger people, older people endorsed a range of positive and negative attitudes to mental illness. However, when attitudes to mental illness were considered within the context of ageing and experience a more complex pattern of results emerged. Although negative attitudes to mental illness were associated with negative attitudes to ageing across the entire sample, clinical participants (and those with prior experience of mental illness) reported more positive attitudes to mental illness and more negative attitudes to ageing than non‐clinical participants, for whom the reverse was true. Attitudes were also differentially related to health behaviour outcomes. Results suggest that attitudes to mental illness and ageing may be linked and mediated by personal experience and capacity for psychological self‐regulation in the face of age‐associated adversity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.