bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Morphlight Theory Inspired by Raptor: Arm‐Wing Cooperative Control Method and its Application
Authors: Tang Di , Zhao Yibo , Wang Kunpeng , Chen Kai , Liu Yang , Dai Yanbin , Zheng Congbo , Yu Dongliang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAvians can change their wing shape in a fast and efficient manner resulting in high manoeuvrabilities. The wing is composed of several bones and dozens of muscles, enabling it to have morphing abilities. However, various wing postures require complex control strategies, but no method or control device has yet been designed. Therefore, an arm‐wing cooperative control method is achieved for the first time in the current research. In the method, the similarities between a human arm skeletal and an avian wing skeletal were figured out, and then a direct mapping between human arm motions and avian wing motions was proposed and established. A motion capture system was utilized to measure the motions of both arm and wing. Thereafter, a bionic wing skeleton was designed and controlled in a real‐time manner, which allows a human to flap its arm just like a bird. We guess that the arm‐wing cooperative control method could be a new control method for future aircraft.
Applying the Estimands Framework to Non‐Inferiority Trials: Guidance on Choice of Hypothetical Estimands for Non‐Adherence and Comparison of Estimation Methods
Authors: Morgan Katy E. , White Ian R. , Leyrat Clémence , Stanworth Simon , Kahan Brennan C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA common concern in non‐inferiority (NI) trials is that non‐adherence due, for example, to poor study conduct can make treatment arms artificially similar. Because intention‐to‐treat analyses can be anti‐conservative in this situation, per‐protocol analyses are sometimes recommended. However, such advice does not consider the estimands framework, nor the risk of bias from per‐protocol analyses. We therefore sought to update the above guidance using the estimands framework, and compare estimators to improve on the performance of per‐protocol analyses. We argue the main threat to validity of NI trials is the occurrence of “trial‐specific” intercurrent events (IEs), that is, IEs which occur in a trial setting, but would not occur in practice. To guard against erroneous conclusions of non‐inferiority, we suggest an estimand using a hypothetical strategy for trial‐specific IEs should be employed, with handling of other non‐trial‐specific IEs chosen based on clinical considerations. We provide an overview of estimators that could be used to estimate a hypothetical estimand, including inverse probability weighting (IPW), and two instrumental variable approaches (one using an informative Bayesian prior on the effect of standard treatment, and one using a treatment‐by‐covariate interaction as an instrument). We compare them, using simulation in the setting of all‐or‐nothing compliance in two active treatment arms, and conclude both IPW and the instrumental variable method using a Bayesian prior are potentially useful approaches, with the choice between them depending on which assumptions are most plausible for a given trial.
Power and Sample Size Calculations for Cluster Randomized Hybrid Type 2 Effectiveness‐Implementation Studies
Authors: Owen Melody A. , Curran Geoffrey M. , Smith Justin D. , Tedla Yacob , Cheng Chao , Spiegelman Donna 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHybrid studies allow investigators to simultaneously study an intervention effectiveness outcome and an implementation research outcome. In particular, type 2 hybrid studies support research that places equal importance on both outcomes rather than focusing on one and secondarily on the other (i.e., type 1 and type 3 studies). Hybrid 2 studies introduce the statistical issue of multiple testing, complicated by the fact that they are typically also cluster randomized trials. Standard statistical methods do not apply in this scenario. Here, we describe the design methodologies available for validly powering hybrid type 2 studies and producing reliable sample size calculations in a cluster‐randomized design with a focus on binary outcomes. Through a literature search, 18 publications were identified that included methods relevant to the design of hybrid 2 studies. Five methods were identified, two of which did not account for clustering but are extended in this article to do so, namely the combined outcomes approach and the single 1‐degree of freedom combined test. Procedures for powering hybrid 2 studies using these five methods are described and illustrated using input parameters inspired by a study from the Community Intervention to Reduce CardiovascuLar Disease in Chicago (CIRCL‐Chicago) Implementation Research Center. In this illustrative example, the intervention effectiveness outcome was controlled blood pressure, and the implementation outcome was reach. The conjunctive test resulted in higher power than the popular p value adjustment methods, and the newly extended combined outcomes and single 1‐DF test were found to be the most powerful among all of the tests.
Synthesis of Calix[4]Arene‐Based Functionalized TiO2 Nanocatalyst: An Efficient Agent for the Eco‐Friendly Conversion of Isopropyl Alcohol to Acetone
Authors: Chandio Anwar Ali , Memon Safia Sanam , Saleem Umaima , Memon Abul Wahab , Memon Ayaz Ali , Hyder Ali , Memon Shahabuddin , Kazi Mohsin , Thebo Khalid Hussain , Balouch Aamna 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAcetone is a common solvent which is highly used in laboratory based experiments and industrial products. This valuable organic molecule is synthesized by catalytic conversion reactions. A catalyst is said to be very useful if it is efficient, economical and eco‐friendly In this regard; for the first time, a less toxic and easily synthesized supramolecular compound, that is, p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (pSC)‐based catalyst was fabricated and functionalized with TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2‐pSC). The characterization of TiO2‐pSC was carried out by different analytical techniques such as Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TiO2‐pSC nanocomposites were used as heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of isopropyl alcohol (IPA) into acetone. For the catalytic study, IPA, NaBH4, and TiO2‐pSC were mixed together in a flask, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature and the catalytic activity of TiO2‐pSC was monitored via UV–vis spectroscopy. On UV–vis spectrum, the characteristic absorption band for acetone was observed at 265 nm. The complete conversion of IPA into acetone was carried out within 35 to 40 s. Quantitative analysis of the catalyst (TiO2‐pSC) was also performed by using various amounts of catalyst in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 mg, and the catalyst showed approximately 100% conversion of IPA into acetone. Moreover, a reusability test of catalyst was also performed, and TiO2‐pSC proved to be an efficient catalyst because catalytic poisoning was negligible, which makes the catalyst more efficient and economical than other reported catalysts and this catalytic conversion is also ecofriendly as no hazardous solvent is used.
Exploring the Interactions of Ferrocenylmethylnucleobase Derivatives With BSA and HHb: Insights From Electrochemical, Spectroscopic, ADMET, in Silico Docking, and MD Simulations
Authors: AMOR Mohammed Larbi BEN , LANEZ Elhafnaoui , Bekkar Yahia , ADAIKA Aicha , LANEZ Touhami , NESBA Kaouther , BECHKI Lazhar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe present study has investigated the binding interactions of four N‐ferrocenylmethyl‐nucleobase derivatives: N1‐ferrocenylmethyladenine (FcMeAd), N1‐ferrocenylmethyl‐cytosine (FcMeCy), N1‐ferrocenylmethylthymine (FcMeTh), and N6,9‐bis(ferrocenyl‐methyl)adenine ((FcMe)2Ad), with human hemoglobin (HHb) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). A combination of absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations is employed to investigate these interactions. The obtained results demonstrated that these derivatives can bind to the target proteins, inducing conformational changes with the binding affinity order: FcMeCy > FcMeTh > FcMeAd > (FcMe)2Ad. Molecular docking studies identified the preferred binding sites and modes, revealing that hydrogen and hydrophobic predominantly facilitate the binding to BSA and HHb, also exhibiting π–π stacking interactions with FcMeCy and FcMeAd. Dynamic simulations of the FcMeCy‐BSA and FcMeCy‐HHb complexes, selected based on both experimental and theoretical results, further confirmed their stability within the protein binding pockets. The RMSD, RMSF, rGyr, SASA, H‐bonds, MolSA, and PSA parameters consistently indicated that FcMeCy maintains stability in the receptor binding site throughout the 100 ns simulation.
Transition‐Metal‐Free Synthesis of 7‐Aminocoumarins from 7‐Hydroxycoumarins Using Multifunctional Reagent
Authors: Indurthi Harish K. , Das Samarpita , Saha Pallavi , Sharma Deepak K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe have successfully synthesized N‐substituted 7‐aminocoumarins by reacting 7‐hydroxycoumarins with amines using 5,6‐dichloro‐2,3‐dicyanopyrazine, a readily available multifunctional reagent. This reagent effectively brings both coupling partners into close proximity, facilitating dehydrative C─N coupling reactions under mild, metal‐free conditions. Our approach demonstrates a broad substrate scope and enables gram‐scale production.
Red Color Tuning and Emission Enhancement in Thermally Stable Co‐Doped Ba3MoTiO8: Bi3+/Eu3+ Phosphors for Photo‐Electronic Applications
Authors: Rohilla Pooja , Malik Shristy , Kumari Sheetal , Prasad Aman , Rao A.S. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThis research presents findings of various morphological and photoluminescence (PL) studies conducted on Bi3+/Eu3+ ions co‐doped Ba3MoTiO8 phosphors, which were synthesized using the common solid‐state reaction method. Phase analysis was conducted through X‐ray diffraction (XRD) technique. Morphological images and elemental composition were examined using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX) investigation. The nature and vibrational frequencies of bonds within the phosphor lattice were investigated using Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy. Photoluminescence studies were carried out under 272, 393, and 465 nm excitations, revealing the highest intensity peak at 615 nm, corresponding to the 5D0 → 7F2 transition of Eu3+ ions. The Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) coordinates indicate that the synthesized phosphors emit in the red region. Decay curves under 272 and 393 nm excitation wavelengths exhibited single exponential behavior. We propose to use these phosphors as potential red‐emitting components in white light‐emitting diode (w‐LED), color tunable devices and other solid‐state lighting (SSL) applications.
Computational Study of Janusene/Crown as Model for Designing Molecular On/Off Switches by Host‐Guest Chemistry
Authors: Borosky Gabriela L. , Laali Kenneth K. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe janusene platform capped with a tetraethylene glycol moiety (JAN/crown) was employed as a model system to examine noncovalent interactions in its host‐guest (H‐G) complexes with various types of cationic and neutral guests. The spaces between the cofacial aromatic rings (interannular space) and the crown cavity were considered as inclusion regions, and the relative stabilities of both types of complexes were evaluated computationally. The interannular complexes proved to be less stable as compared to crown complexes, likely due to the required distortion in the JAN skeleton in order to accommodate the host. The possibility to design molecular on/off switches by migration of the cationic host from inside the crown cavity (the “off” switch) to the cofacial region between π‐stacked rings (the “on” switch) was analyzed.
Realizing Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage with Borophene: Science, Engineering, Obstacles, and Future Opportunities
Authors: Ajmal Saira , Huang Junfeng , Singh Monika , Kumar Anuj , Guo Jianwen , Tabish Mohammad , Mushtaq Muhammad Asim , Alam Mohammed Mujahid , Song Xinrui , Yasin Ghulam 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA novel 2D material that is a formidable opponent to graphene (Gr) is borophene, which stands as 2D boron sheets. This innovative material has gained interest in the energy sector due to its wide range of chemical properties, intricate structural geometries, possession of massless Dirac fermions, outstanding hardness, and high carrier mobility. Unlike Gr, which lacks a band gap, borophene exhibits a band gap, endowing it with distinct advantages. Although many advancements in borophene materials, including their synthesis, structural and electronic characterization, and applications, have been discussed in the literature, there is still a need for a quantitative and qualitative assessment from both the experimental and theoretical perspectives, as well as the learned lesson implication in real‐world applications of this material. This review highlights recent theoretical and experimental discoveries about borophene, focusing on key scientific findings, structural and electronic properties, and diverse applications, particularly in energy conversion processes and energy storage systems such as batteries and supercapacitors. Finally, the paper discusses current research challenges and future opportunities for large‐scale borophene synthesis and its potential uses.
A Latent Space Approach to Inferring Distance‐Dependent Reciprocity in Directed Networks
Authors: Loyal Joshua Daniel , Wu Xiangyu , Stewart Jonathan R. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTReciprocity, or the stochastic tendency for actors to form mutual relationships, is an essential characteristic of directed network data. Existing latent space approaches to modelling directed networks are severely limited by the assumption that reciprocity is homogeneous across the network. In this work, we introduce a new latent space model for directed networks that can model heterogeneous reciprocity patterns that arise from the actors' latent distances. Furthermore, existing conditionally edge‐independent latent space models are nested within the proposed model class, which allows for meaningful model comparisons. We introduce a Bayesian inference procedure to infer the model parameters using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo. Lastly, we use the proposed method to infer different reciprocity patterns in an advice network among lawyers, an information‐sharing network between employees at a manufacturing company and a friendship network between high school students.
Augmenting Intelligence: The Convergence of ML/LLMs and Statistics
Authors: Carbonara Joaquin , Fokoue Ernest 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), neural networks (NN) and language models (LM) research, coupled with the widespread availability of large language models as a service (LLMaaS), have begun to influence most domains, particularly the field of statistics, in unprecedented ways that are difficult to forecast. The awarding of two Nobel Prizes in 2024 for computational work in AI—to Hopfield and Hinton for their foundational discoveries and inventions in machine learning with artificial neural networks and to Baker, Hassabis and Jumper for developing an AI model to solve the longstanding problem of predicting proteins' complex structures—is a testament to the significant impact of AI in these fields. Two key contributors for the current revolution are statistics and data science. The merger of data science with AI research led to the creation of tools like LLMs, profound advancements in AI as a tool and speculations of humanity being close to creating AGI. These transformative technologies have opened up a vast array of opportunities, but they have also presented new challenges that necessitate careful consideration. Here, we discuss what is needed to successfully navigate these stormy times in the current sea of information surrounding us.
Monitoring Listening Comprehension in Real Time: Early Observations from the ReMoDEL Project
Authors: Siegel Joseph , Kuteeva Maria , Siegel Aki 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDeveloping strong listening skills in a second language (L2) can be challenging for a variety of reasons. Within the context of L2 use in higher education, accurate and timely processing of aural input can be crucial for academic success, particularly because vast amounts of disciplinary‐specific content are delivered via academic lectures in the students' and/or teacher's L2. This brief report introduces and shares early observations from the ReMoDEL project (Real Time Monitoring of Dynamic English Listening), which focuses on student listening comprehension in English as a medium of instruction (EMI) courses set within a multicultural, multilingual context, namely, Sweden. Employing a novel footpedal device to register moments of comprehension and noncomprehension, ReMoDEL identifies instances within EMI lectures when students report challenges in understanding and investigates the cause(s) of those challenges with the overall aims of identifying the myriad influences on comprehension of lecture content, cataloging student recovery strategies, and working to raise teacher awareness of the volatile and individualized nature of listening in EMI. The combination of footpedal data and stimulated recall interviews yielded 89 coded instances of noncomprehension (including multiple coding, when appropriate) that arose during a pilot study, of which a majority related to top‐down aspects of listening (53), followed by affective, multimodal and environmental factors (10 each). Bottom‐up processing issues were sparsely reported (four), and two mistaken pushes occurred. This brief report describes the project as well as quantitative and qualitative data from the pilot study.
Diabetes mellitus exacerbates changes in white matter hyperintensity shapes and volume: A longitudinal study
Authors: Xu Shihao , Wang Yan , Chen Jiahui , Pan Zhiming , Wu Wenjun , Su Zhipeng , Wang Zhen 
Published: February 2025

AbstractINTRODUCTIONAlthough white matter hyperintensity (WMH) can progress over time, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. In addition, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) exacerbates the accumulation of WMH. Here we aimed to investigate longitudinal changes in WMH shapes and volume in older adults with and without T2DM.METHODSParticipants underwent baseline and follow‐up magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). WMH volume and shape markers were automatically assessed. We compared WMH volume and shape markers at baseline and follow‐up.RESULTSA total of 200 participants were included at baseline and 181 at follow‐up. The mean age ± SD of our study participants was 69.86 ± 6.03 years; 79 (39.90%) had a history of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 73 (36.50%) were male. For shape markers, participants with T2DM showed more complex periventricular (eccentricity, p = 0.027) and deep WMH shape markers (fractal dimension, p = 0.002) than participants without T2DM. At baseline, there were no statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) in WMH volume when participants with T2DM were compared to participants without T2DM. At follow‐up, a more complex shape of periventricular/confluent WMH on follow‐up (concavity index, p = 0.005; inverse sphericity index, p = 0.001). In addition, total (p < 0.001), periventricular (p < 0.001), and deep (p = 0.001) WMH volumes increased significantly.DISCUSSIONA more irregular shape of periventricular and deep WMH and higher WMH volumes were associated with T2DM participants. These findings suggest that WMH shape markers may be useful in determining prognosis for cerebral small vessel disease and aid in future preventive treatments.Highlights
Patients with diabetes mellitus have more irregular white matter hyperintensity (WMH) shapes and increased WMH volumes.
Diabetes mellitus exacerbates the changes in WMH shapes and volumes
WMH shape markers might have the potential to aid in future preventive treatments and prevent clinical deterioration.
Insights Into Multilingual Students to Capitalize on Their Language Knowledge
Authors: Ittner Anne C. , Jennerjohn Anna , Helman Lori 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTClassrooms with multilingual students are rich spaces for enacting linguistically sustaining practices that encourage students to use all their language resources. When teachers have some knowledge of their students' home languages, they can facilitate making connections across languages which strengthens students' language development. In this article, we provide a description of key ideas and practices that teachers of multilingual students need to know, so they can draw on the linguistic resources of their students. While there are many factors that contribute to the literacy development of multilingual students, we focus on the linguistic features (phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics) of students' home languages and English. We share examples in multiple languages of how teachers can create linguistically sustaining practices in their classroom.
Catalytic ozone oxidation of chemical RO membrane concentrate wastewater by a Cu‐Ce@γ‐Al2O3 ozone catalyst
Authors: Sun Wenquan , Wang Yan , Yang Xingwang , Wang Ziran , Zhu Hanqing , Zhou Jun , Sun Yongjun 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA Cu‐Ce@γ‐Al₂O₃ catalyst was developed for the efficient treatment of chemical reverse osmosis (RO) membrane concentrate wastewater. The working conditions and reaction mechanisms of Cu‐Ce@γ‐Al₂O₃ catalytic ozonation were systematically investigated, and its application in the catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate wastewater was explored. The catalyst was comprehensively characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X‐ray fluorescence (XRF), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, revealing its microstructure, elemental composition, and crystal structure. The optimal reaction conditions were identified as follows: ozone dosage of 8 mg/L/min, initial pH of 9.0, catalyst filling ratio of 10%, and a reactor height‐to‐diameter ratio of 5:1. Under these conditions, the catalytic ozonation achieved a chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal rate of 63.4%. Free‐radical quenching experiments confirmed that hydroxyl radicals (·OH) played a dominant role in the catalytic ozonation system. Kinetic analysis revealed that the catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate wastewater with Cu‐Ce@γ‐Al₂O₃ followed second‐order kinetics. The degradation mechanisms of organic matter in the wastewater were further analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and three‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy. Additionally, a weighted rank sum ratio (WRSR) evaluation model was developed to provide a comprehensive assessment of the process performance.Practitioner Points
Cu‐Ce@γ‐Al2O3 catalysts with excellent catalytic performance were prepared.
Efficient catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate with high salinity was realized.
Degradation mechanism of organic pollutants by catalytic ozonation is clarified.
Evaluation model for catalytic ozonation of chemical RO membrane concentrate was established.