bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A possible explanation for Nordin, McQuivey, and Mejia's Observation of the Hurst Phenomenon in turbulence
Authors: Fischer Hugo B. 
Published: February 2008

Nordin et al. [1972] have analyzed a number of records of turbulent velocity fluctuations in several open channels and have concluded that within the range of their observations the rescaled range of the velocity deviation increases faster than the square root of time. This implies that turbulent fluctuations have a longer memory, or correlation time, than the period of the observations. This letter suggests a possible explanation.When the writer was beginning his Ph.D. dissertation experiments [Fischer, 1966], he made some visual experiments in which a line source of a small quantity of intense blue dye was dropped onto the surface of a uniform flow. The flow was approximately 6 cm deep in a rectangular, smooth‐bottomed channel 110 cm wide. The dye was dropped onto the water surface to form an initially straight line perpendicular to the flow direction. Invariably, the line did not remain straight. Soon after hitting the water surface some of the dye was carried forward of the line in the shape of a series of tongues. Between the tongues some of the dye lagged behind the line and formed a series of tails. Figure 1a is a sketch of the appearance of the line shortly after entering the water. The striking observation was that each time the experiment was repeated the tongues and tails were separated by a distance of approximately twice the depth of flow.
Meandering of supraglacial melt streams
Authors: Parker Gary 
Published: February 2008

During periods of glacial ablation, excess water often concentrates in supraglacial melt streams, which typically exhibit meandering. Herein a stability analysis of straight supraglacial streams is carried out to determine the nature of meandering tendencies. Instability leading to meandering in the flow results from a combination of hydrodynamic and differential heating effects. The heat involved is apparently largely frictional. The analysis indicates that instability occurs only for supercritical flow and that the meander pattern does not migrate downstream. Meander wavelength is determined by channel width, depth, and Froude number. The results agree with field observations.Summary and entire article are available on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 1909 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. Document W‐75‐002; $1.00. Payment must accompany order.
Shape of a streamline water table near inflow and outflow boundaries
Authors: Boast Charles W. 
Published: February 2008

A streamline water table is usually pictured to leave an inflow boundary perpendicular to the surface and to approach an outflow boundary tangential to the surface for vertical surfaces or for inclined surfaces with the porous medium ‘below’ the surface. The hodograph solution for the problem of flow through a vertical walled dam proves that theoretically, the water table streamline leaves the inflow boundary horizontally and approaches the outflow boundary vertically but shows that at a practical scale the water table meets the boundaries at finite nonzero slopes. The actual water table shape deviates considerably from the usual way that the water table is sketched. The cause of the difference lies in an intuitive but incorrect assumption that the slope of the water table does not change dramatically near the endpoints of the water table.Supplement is available with entire article on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union, 1909 K Street, N.W., Washington, D. C. 20006. Document W77‐002; $1.00. Payment must accompany order.
Resource allocation to interrelated projects
Authors: Mehrez Abraham , Sinuany‐Stern Zilla 
Published: February 2008

A multiattribute utility function was used to specify the decision‐maker's preferences, along with a zero‐one budget model, to solve the problem of selecting among interrelated multiobjective long‐range projects. Increasing the number of projects increases the complexity of the problem. The advantages of the model for relatively small problems are demonstrated by a case study dealing with a subset of Israeli water development projects for 1981.Full article is available on microfiche. Order from American Geophysical Union. 2000 Florida Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20009. Document W81‐002; $1.00. Payment must accompany order.
Policy Sciences in Water Resources Research
Authors: Cummings Ronald G. 
Published: February 2008

As the newly appointed Policy Sciences Editor for this journal, I would like to take this opportunity to introduce myself to WRR's readership as well as to offer a few comments concerning my views of policy sciences in water resources research.I am an economist working in the area of natural resources and environmental management. As such, I've spent a good part of my research career working with noneconomists. During 1969–1972, I worked in Mexico with hydrologists and engineers from Mexico's Water Resources Ministry in efforts to assess management/investment programs for reservoir systems and systems for interbasin water transfers. Between 1972 and 1975, while serving as Chairman of the Department of Resource Economics at the University of Rhode Island, my research involved collaborative efforts with biologists and soil scientists in studies concerning the conjunctive management of reservoirs for agricultural and lagoon systems and the control of salinity levels in soils and aquifers. Since 1975, at which time I joined the faculty at the University of New Mexico, I have worked with engineers at the Los Alamos National Laboratory in developing operation/management models for hot, dry rock geothermal systems and, more recently, with legal scholars and hydrologists in analyses of water rights issues. Thus I am comfortable with and appreciative of research conducted by my colleagues in systems engineering, operations research, and hydrology, as well as those in economics, law, and other social sciences.
A Native American View of Western Water Development
Authors: Deloria Sam 
Published: February 2008

This paper presents an individual Native American, or American Indian, view of western water development and not necessarily the view of a particular tribe or its government. A disclaimer of this kind is necessary because there has been a historical tendency in this society to look for a single Indian spokesman and search for that spokesman among the Indians who says what society wants to hear. However, the Indian community, while sharing many characteristics and problems, is culturally and politically diverse, and there are no real shortcuts to dealing with it in all its diversity.Indian water rights, as they relate to western water development, must be seen against the backdrop of the history of the hemisphere. Ever since the arrival of the Europeans on the continent, an important current in the development of the legal system has been to define Indian rights and then develop an orderly process for taking them away. From the formulation of the doctrine of discovery itself, this two‐step exercise has served the humanitarian purpose of attempting to accord some fairness to the Indians while providing discipline to the competition among non‐Indians for the right to use Indian resources. Recognition of full and natural rights of Indian sovereignty and ownership in the hemisphere is commonly viewed as having been a historical impossibility, just as denying them all rights was not practically and morally feasible. The problem then, was and is to balance the two historical necessities appropriately.
Aerobic exercise training versus the aetiology of insulin resistance
Authors: Yeo Sophie E. , Coker Robert H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractType 2 diabetes represents an epidemic disease that has become a widespread healthcare problem throughout the world. The prevalence of a sedentary lifestyle and excess caloric intake promotes the aetiology of insulin resistance that results in the development of the metabolic condition, Type 2 diabetes. Despite numerous investigations that have demonstrated the positive influence of aerobic exercise training on a reduction in the severity of insulin resistance, many of these exercise programmes yield benefits that are only short‐lived and promote only modest reductions in the severity of the disease aetiology. Therefore, the efficacy of exercise training as a therapeutic intervention against the development of Type 2 diabetes rests on its ability to normalize insulin resistance in the liver and skeletal muscle using a progressive approach that combines the beneficial influences of exercise training and weight loss.
The influence of beam position and swimming direction on fish target strength
Authors: Henderson M. J. , Horne J. K. , Towler R. H. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Henderson, M. J., Horne, J. K., and Towler, R. H. 2007. The influence of beam position and swimming direction on fish target strength. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 226–237. Fish orientation is consistently identified as a major influence on fish target strength (TS). Generally, orientation is defined as the tilt angle of the fish with respect to the acoustic transducer, whereas a more accurate definition includes tilt, roll, and yaw. Thus far, the influences of roll and yaw on fish TS have only been examined cursorily. We used in situ single-target data to create fish tracks, to estimate fish tilt and yaw, and correlated these estimates with TS. The results show that tilt, yaw, and beam position have a significant influence on fish TS. To investigate further how yaw and beam position affect TS, we calculated the expected backscatter from each fish within simulated fish aggregations using a backscatter model. The TS of individual fish at 38 and 120 kHz varied by as much as 11 and 19 dB with changes in yaw and beam position. Altering the fish’s tilt, yaw, and beam position resulted in TS differences of 14 and 26 dB at 38 and 120 kHz, respectively. Orientation had a minimal influence on an aggregation’s average TS if the aggregation had a variable tilt-angle distribution and was dispersed throughout the acoustic beam.
Polymorphisms of cytochrome b gene in Leishmania parasites and their relation to types of cutaneous leishmaniasis lesions in Pakistan
Authors: MYINT Chomar Kaung , ASATO Yutaka , YAMAMOTO Yu‐ichi , KATO Hirotomo , BHUTTO Abdul M. , SOOMRO Farooq R. , MEMON Muhamad Z. , MATSUMOTO Jun , MARCO Jorge D. , OSHIRO Minoru , KATAKURA Ken , HASHIGUCHI Yoshihisa , UEZATO Hiroshi 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe exact species and/or strains of Leishmania parasites involved strongly influence the clinical and epidemiological features of leishmaniasis, and current knowledge of those influences and relationships is inadequate. We report that cytochrome b (cyt b) gene sequencing identified causal Leishmania parasites of 69 cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in Pakistan over a 3‐year period. Of 21 cases in highland areas (Quetta city, Balochistan province), 16 (76.2%) were identified as Leishmania (L.) tropica and five (23.8%) as Leishmania (L.) major. Of 48 cases from lowland areas, cities/villages in Indus valley in Sindh and Balochistan provinces, 47 (97.9%) were identified as L. (L.) major and one (2.1%) as L. (L.) tropica. Statistical analysis (Fisher's exact test) revealed a significant difference (P < 0.0001) in the distribution of the two species by altitude; L. (L.) major is predominant in lowland and L. (L.) tropica at highland areas. The present result enriched our earlier finding, based on the first year's cultured parasite data, that only L. (L.) tropica was found in highland areas and only L. (L.) major in lowland areas. Among Leishmania samples analyzed, three types of cyt b polymorphism of L. (L.) major were found, including 45 (86.5%) cases of type I, six (11.5%) of type II and one (2%) of type III. We report for the first time on the presence of polymorphisms in L. (L.) major (types I, II and III) based on species identification using cyt b gene sequencing from clinical samples. Moreover, we found no correlation between clinical presentation (wet‐, dry‐ and/or mixed‐types of cutaneous lesions) and causal Leishmania parasites.
Experimental pseudocyst model resembling human ganglion
Authors: TANIGUCHI Toshiko , HARADA Teruichi , OHBA Norihiro , MOTOMURA Hisashi , MAEDA Mitsuyo , ISHII Masamitsu 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThere is no animal model of ganglion. We describe a simple and reproducible animal model of pseudocystic diseases. First, we experimented to establish a pseudocystic model. We used cylindrical glass implants (6 mm diameter, 30 mm long) to create fibrous capsules in rats. The implants were inserted in the subcutaneous tissue in the dorsum of rats. Sixty implants were carried out (two implants per rat). Twelve weeks after implantation, the glass implants were removed and 0.5 mL sodium hyaluronate solution was injected into each cavity. Next, we tested the model by histological examination after OK‐432 administration. Microscopic examination revealed that the wall was composed of a layer of collagenous fibers similar to those noted in ganglia; the lumen was retained for 3 weeks. Histopathological changes after OK‐432 administration showed nonspecific inflammatory response induced by OK‐432, resulting in in vivo activation of many inflammatory cells and then fast and reliable closure of cavities. No harmful reactions to OK‐432 were observed histopathologically. These data suggest that our experimental cyst is a suitable model for studying pseudocystic diseases. This model can be used for research evaluating safe drug doses, conducting therapeutic comparison of several agents, and histopathological time course studies of the affected tissues. OK‐432 administration on this model showed the potential of one of the ideal agents to treat pseudocystic lesions like ganglion.
Desmoplastic fibroblastoma (collagenous fibroma)
Authors: WATANABE Hirokazu , ISHIDA Yusuke , NAGASHIMA Kazuo , MAKINO Teruhiko , NORISUGI Osamu , SHIMIZU Tadamichi 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTDesmoplastic fibroblastoma (DF) is a rare fibrotic tumor that has a wide anatomic distribution and it can appear in deep sections of the subcutis, in fascia, in aponeurosis or in skeletal muscles. This report describes a case of DF that appeared on the left side of the neck of a 55‐year‐old male as a 3.5‐cm solitary, firm nodule. Histologically, it was composed of stellate or bland spindle‐shaped cells embedded in a loose collagenous stroma. The entrapment of fat and muscle tissues was focally identified at the edges of the tumor. The stellate and multinucleated cells in the lesion were strongly positive for vimentin but negative for cytokeratin, smooth muscle actin, desmin, S‐100, CD34, factor XIIIa, and CD68. These findings suggest that the stellate and multinucleated cells in the lesion were of fibroblastic origin and this neoplasm was pathologically benign.
Cutaneous mucinous nodule in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: HONDA Akio , FUJIMOTO Eita , KURODA Kei , TAJIMA Shingo 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTWe report a cutaneous mucinous nodule on the inflamed elbow joint in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The lesion is clinically characterized by a continuous flow of mucinous exudates from the nodule, and histologically by an extensive mucin deposition and proliferations of the fibroblastic cells and mononuclear cells. The histological findings suggest the histogenesis of this unique nodule is related to extralesional proliferation of synovial lining cells consisting of monocyte–macrophage lineage cells and fibroblast‐like cells which potentially produce synovial fluid. Four patients have been hitherto reported in the published work and all of them have been associated with RA. The condition may be one of the characteristic skin manifestations of RA.
Steroid‐resistant adult‐onset Still's disease which showed a quick response to methotrexate
Authors: OKAMOTO Osamu , OISHI Masaki , FUJIWARA Sakuhei 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTA case of steroid‐resistant adult‐onset Still's disease is herein reported. The patient consulted us because of night fever, arthralgia and evanescent rashes. She was diagnosed with adult‐onset Still's disease, with a C‐reactive protein (CRP) value of 29.5 mg/dL and serum ferritin level of 4500 ng/mL. The fever, rashes and arthralgia disappeared after medication of medium‐dose oral prednisolone, however, the CRP value persisted at high levels, and the serum ferritin level nevertheless increased by 5200 ng/mL. Following the pulse therapy with corticosteroid, the CRP value decreased once but thereafter returned to a high level again. The serum ferritin level did not respond during that therapy. Finally, 10 days after starting the administration of methotrexate, the CRP value dramatically decreased from 7 mg/dL to 0.16 mg/dL, and thereafter the serum ferritin level started to decline, which thus enabled us to eventually taper the dose of oral prednisolone.
Chronic ethanol intake promotes double gluthatione S‐transferase/transforming growth factor‐α‐positive hepatocellular lesions in male Wistar rats
Authors: Pires Paulo Wagner , Furtado Kelly Silva , Justullin Luis Antonio , Rodrigues Maria Aparecida Marchesan , Felisbino Sergio Luis , Barbisan Luis Fernando 
Published: February 2008

The chronic ethanol intake influence on the gluthatione S‐transferase (GST‐P) and transforming growth factor α (TGF‐α) expression in remodeling/persistent preneoplastic lesions (PNLs) was evaluated in the resistant hepatocyte model. Male Wistar rats were allocated into five groups: G1, non‐treated, fed water and chow ad libitum; G2, non‐treated and pair‐fed chow (restricted to match that of G3 group) and a maltodextrin (MD) solution in tap water (matched ethanol‐derived calories); G3, fed 5% ethanol in drinking water and chow ad libitum; G4, diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg, body weight) plus 200 parts per million of 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF) for 3 weeks and pair‐fed chow (restricted to match that of G5 group) and an MD solution in tap water (matched ethanol‐derived calories); G5, DEN/2‐AAF treatment, fed ethanol 5% and chow ad libitum. All animals were subjected to 70% partial hepatectomy at week 3 and sacrificed at weeks 12 or 22, respectively. Liver samples were collected for histological analysis or immunohistochemical expression of GST‐P, TGF‐α and proliferating cell nuclear antigen or zymography for matrix metalloproteinases‐2 and ‐9. At the end of ethanol treatment, there was a significant increase in the percentage of liver area occupied by persistent GST‐P‐positive PNLs, the number of TGF‐α‐positive PNLs and the development of liver tumors in ethanol‐fed and DEN/2‐AAF‐treated groups (G5 versus G4, P < 0.001). In addition, ethanol feeding led to a significant increase in cell proliferation mainly in remodeling and persistent PNLs with immunoreactivity for TGF‐α at week 22 (P < 0.001). Gelatinase activities were not altered by ethanol treatment. The results demonstrated that ethanol enhances the selective growth of PNL with double expression of TGF‐α and GST‐P markers. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 221–228)
Association between genetic polymorphisms of the base excision repair gene MUTYH and increased colorectal cancer risk in a Japanese population
Authors: Tao Hong , Shinmura Kazuya , Suzuki Masaya , Kono Suminori , Mibu Ryuichi , Tanaka Masao , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Okamura Takeshi , Ikejiri Kouji , Futami Kitaroh , Yasunami Youichi , Maekawa Takafumi , Takenaka Kenji , Ichimiya Hitoshi , Imaizumi Nobutoshi , Sugimura Haruhiko 
Published: February 2008

The MUTYH gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that can initiate the base excision repair pathway and prevent G:C > T:A transversion by excising adenine mispaired with 8‐hydroxyguanine. Biallelic germline mutations of MUTYH have been shown to predict familial and sporadic multiple colorectal adenomas and carcinomas, however, whether there is an association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MUTYH and sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has remained unclear. In this study we investigated four MUTYH SNPs, IVS1+11C > T, IVS6+35G > A, IVS10–2A > G, and 972G > C (Gln324His), for an association with increased CRC risk in a population‐based series of 685 CRC patients and 778 control subjects from Kyushu, Japan. A statistically significant association was demonstrated between IVS1+11T and increased CRC risk (odds ratio [OR]: 1.43; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.012–2.030; P = 0.042) and one of the five haplotypes based on the four SNPs, the IVS1+11T – IVS6+35G – IVS10–2A – 972C (TGAC) haplotype containing IVS1+11T, was demonstrated to be associated with increased CRC risk (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.005–2.029; P = 0.046). Subsite‐specific analysis showed that the TGAC haplotype was statistically significantly (P = 0.013) associated with an increased risk of distal colon, but not proximal colon or rectal cancer. Furthermore, IVS1+11C > T was found to be in complete linkage disequilibrium with –280G > A and 1389G > C (Thr463Thr). The results indicated that Japanese individuals with – 280A/IVS1+11T/1389C genotypes or the TGAC haplotype are susceptible to CRC. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 355–360)
Development of glutathione S‐transferase‐P‐negative foci accompanying nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 expression during early stage of rat hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Fan Yang , Shimizu Takeshi , Yamada Toshiyuki , Nanashima Naoki , Akita Miki , Asano Jumpei , Tsuchida Shigeki 
Published: February 2008

Glutathione S‐transferase P (GST‐P), a marker for rat hepatic preneoplastic lesions, is suggested to bind to Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) to repress stress response, and GST‐P gene expression is regulated by a transcription factor, nuclear factor‐erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2). In this study, we examined by immunohistochemistry whether JNK2, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase, and Nrf2 were expressed in GST‐P‐positive foci induced by the Solt–Farber protocol. At 2 weeks after partial hepatectomy, all GST‐P‐positive foci were negative for p38, and 86.4 ± 5.6% and 64.7 ± 6.3% of GST‐P‐positive foci were negative for JNK2 and Nrf2, respectively. Western blot analysis showed decreased p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and JNK2 expression in livers treated with the protocol. In immunohistochemistry, besides GST‐P‐positive foci, GST‐P‐negative foci were detected as p38‐negative foci in the surrounding tissues positive for p38. In contrast to GST‐P‐positive foci, most GST‐P‐negative foci showed enhanced Nrf2 expression. The number of GST‐P‐negative foci was 76 ± 18/10 mm2 of liver section at 2 weeks, but was undetectable at 1 week. The area of GST‐P‐negative foci was 0.09 ± 0.05 mm2, smaller than that of GST‐P‐positive ones (0.29 ± 0.23). After treatment with carbon tetrachloride, small vacuoles due to liver injury were frequently observed inside GST‐P‐negative foci but less frequently in GST‐P‐positive foci. However, this treatment resulted in expression of JNK2, p38, and Nrf2 in both foci. These results showed development of GST‐P‐negative foci during the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis and suggested that Nrf2 is not responsible for GST‐P expression in rat hepatic preneoplastic foci. (Cancer Sci 2008; 99: 497–501)