bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DMC Geometry analysis and virtual image characterisation
Authors: Alamús Ramon , Kornus Wolfgang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSince the advent of the first large format digital aerial cameras, high expectations have been placed on their performance. The dream of obtaining aerial images virtually free of geometric errors and with greater radiometric quality is getting close. Nevertheless, systematic image residuals, unexpected height errors in aerial triangulation and the need for additional self‐calibration parameters have been reported since 2005. In this paper a preliminary analysis of the theoretical accuracies in aerial triangulation using the Zeiss/Intergraph (Z/I) Digital Mapping Camera (DMC) and an analogue camera is conducted, motivated by those recent reports. This analysis considers a mathematical model where the image has conical geometry and is free of systematic errors. The influence on the propagated block accuracy of the base‐to‐height ratio, image pointing precision (both manual and automatic), GPS observations for projection centres and of pass/tie point density is studied. Moreover, the expected accuracy in the aerial triangulation of analogue images using current procedures (having regard to the a priori accuracy for image pointing, ground control measurement and GPS and pass/tie point density) is computed. The goal of this theoretical study is to find the requirements for aerial triangulation with DMC data which would yield the same or an even higher level of accuracy than that obtained with analogue data under the same conditions.The paper continues with a check on the conclusions of this theoretical analysis, using real data‐sets and aerial triangulation set‐up, which fit with the theoretical analysis. The results prove that the expected theoretical accuracy in aerial triangulation is only obtained if an appropriate self‐calibration parameter set is considered in the bundle block adjustment and/or if good GPS observations are available. These requirements result from the unfavourable propagation from unmodelled systematic error in the DMC image blocks. Some authors have detected systematic residuals in the order of one‐tenth of a pixel rms in DMC image space. For this reason, investigations are being carried out on systematic error characterisation, distribution in image space and stability over time and flying height, and systematic error modelling, using self‐calibration parameter sets and applying correction grids. Finally, conclusions are drawn from the investigations.
Region‐specific plasticity in the epileptic rat brain: A hippocampal and extrahippocampal analysis
Authors: Jung Keun‐Hwa , Chu Kon , Lee Soon‐Tae , Kim Jin‐Hee , Kang Kyung‐Muk , Song Eun‐Cheol , Kim Se‐Jeong , Park Hee‐Kwon , Kim Manho , Lee Sang Kun , Roh Jae‐Kyu 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPurpose:  Recent evidence suggests that aberrant neuro/gliogenesis and/or inflammation play critical roles in epileptogenesis. Although the plastic and inflammatory changes have been described in the postseizure hippocampus, little data is available concerning extrahippocampal regions, notably in the piriform and entorhinal cortices, amygdala, and parts of the thalamus. In this study, we examined histological changes in whole epileptic rat brain, with respect to cell death, cell genesis, and inflammation.Methods and Results:  Experimental status epilepticus (SE) was induced using a lithium‐pilocarpine injection. Neuronal death was evident in the amygdala, piriform, and entorhinal cortices, as well as the subfields of hippocampus. Microglial activation was observed in more extended limbic areas, such as, the hippocampus, entorhinal, perirhinal and piriform cortices, amygdala, thalamus, and hypothalamus, and a robust increase of cell genesis was noted in these damaged areas. The majority of newly generated cells in extrahippocampal areas proliferated in situ, and differentiated mainly into astrocytes or oligodendrocytes. In addition, stromal cell‐derived factor‐1α was found to be induced in close temporal and anatomical association with seizure‐induced plasticity.Discussion:  These findings indicate that neuronal death, inflammation, and cell genesis are substantially associated throughout the entire brain and that they may influence the epileptogenic process and clinical manifestations.
1H‐MR spectroscopy indicates prominent cerebellar dysfunction in benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Striano Pasquale , Caranci Ferdinando , Di Benedetto Raffaella , Tortora Fabio , Zara Federico , Striano Salvatore 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPurpose:  To investigate the neurochemical pattern in patients with benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy (BAFME/FAME), an inherited form of myoclonic epilepsy, by proton magnetic resonance (MR) spectroscopy (1H‐MRS).Methods:  Eleven BAFME patients from three families showing linkage to 2p11.1‐q12.2 were compared with 11 age‐matched healthy control subjects.Results:  MR imaging of all the patients and healthy subjects exhibited no structural abnormalities on detailed visual assessment. However, compared with healthy subjects, patients with BAFME displayed elevated choline/creatine ratio in the cerebellar cortex (p = 0.01), whereas there was no significant difference for the other ratios. No 1H‐MRS values in the frontal and occipital cortex differed significantly in the patients compared with the healthy controls. No correlation was detected between 1H‐MRS values and disease duration (p = −0.35) as well as myoclonus severity (p = −0.48).Conclusions:  Our findings suggest that the cerebellum is a prominent site of dysfunction in BAFME. The abnormal choline concentrations could reflect changes in the chemical and functional nature of cell membranes. 1H‐MRS was able to detect brain changes also in patients with recent disease onset and may be a useful tool supporting the diagnosis based on familial and electrophysiologic data. The relationship between cortical tremor and the cerebellum is also discussed.
GABA receptor proteins within lipid rafts in the AY‐9944 model of atypical absence seizures
Authors: Huo Jeanne Zhen , Cortez Miguel A. , Snead III O. Carter 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPurpose:  The inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with AY‐9944 (AY) results in chronic recurrent atypical absence seizures in rodents. We hypothesized that cholesterol inhibition during the course of creating the AY model of atypical absence seizures results in an alteration of the entry of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)A and GABAB receptors into lipid rafts that contributes to epileptogenesis in this model.Methods:  The cholesterol synthesis inhibitor AY (7.5 mg/kg) was administered on postnatal day (P) 2, P8, P14, and P20 in Long‐Evans hooded rats. The incorporation of GABAA and GABAB receptor proteins into lipid rafts of the brain was then determined.Results:  AY produced a shift of both GABAA and GABAB receptors in the examined detergent‐resistant membranes (DRMs) and the soluble fractions. The percentage of the GABAA and GABAB receptors that shifted out of the DRMs varied between 17% and 50%, but the proportion of receptors in DRMs were decreased to levels around that of P5 animals or even lower. The shift observed in the AY‐treated versus control animals was statistically significant (p < 0.01) for both GABAA and GABAB receptors.Conclusion:  Cholesterol synthesis inhibition during rat brain development that is induced by AY leads to chronic atypical absence seizures and is associated with an alteration of GABAA and GABAB receptor proteins within lipid rafts. These data suggest a novel avenue of investigation into the epileptogenesis of experimental chronic atypical absence seizures.
Spontaneous periictal leaving behavior: A potential lateralizing sign in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Jin Liri , Inoue Yushi 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPurpose:  Seizure‐related spontaneous leaving behavior (LB) is an uncommonly reported phenomenon. The aim of this study was to determine its frequency, clinical significance, and especially its lateralizing value.Methods:  We analyzed retrospectively the spontaneous periictal LB occurring in complex partial seizures (CPS) of 138 patients with medically refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) with excellent postoperative seizure outcome and pathologic finding of hippocampal sclerosis. The relation of LB occurring in different phases of CPS to the side of resection was investigated.Results:  The overall frequency of periictal LB was 8.3% of 517 CPS and 25.2% of 123 patients. Among the 12 patients with ictal LB, 9 patients had epileptogenic focus ipsilateral to language dominant side, whereas the remaining 3 had seizure onset in the nondominant side. Conversely, 8 of 11 patients with postictal LB had foci in the nondominant side, and only three patients’ seizures originated in the dominant side. Therefore, it was more likely for patients with left MTLE to show ictal LB and for those with right foci to display postictal LB (p = 0.03).Conclusions:  LB may represent a potential lateralizing sign. When LB occurs ictally, it may indicate seizure onset in the dominant temporal lobe, and LB occurring postictally indicates nondominant side seizure onset in patients with MTLE.
Influence of a Fluoridated Medium with Different pHs on Commercially Pure Titanium‐Based Implants
Authors: Sartori Rafael , Correa Cassia Bellotto , Marcantonio Jr Elcio , Vaz Luis Geraldo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract Purpose: The objective of this study was to assess the influence of a fluoride medium with different pHs on the corrosion resistance of three commercially pure titanium‐based dental implant commercial brands, under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and EDS. Materials and Methods: Forty‐two dental implants, from three commercial brands, were used. Five years of regular use of mouth rinsing, with NaF 1500 ppm content and two different pHs, were simulated by immersing the specimens into that medium for 184 hours. Results: SEM and EDS analyses demonstrated no evidence of corrosion on the specimens' surfaces after being submitted to fluoride ions or incorporation of fluoride ions to the set surface. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that both the fluoride concentration and the pH of the solutions did not exert any influence upon implant corrosion resistance.
Microtensile Bond Strength of Nonmetallic Dowels Bonded to Radicular Dentin with Self‐Etch Adhesives
Authors: Abo El‐Ela Omar A. , Atta Osama A. , El‐Mowafy Omar 
Published: November 2008

Abstract Purpose: The bonding potential of nonmetallic dowels to root dentin, particularly with new self‐etch adhesives, has not been fully investigated. The aim of this study was to determine microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of nonmetallic dowels, including a novel glass fiber dowel, when bonded to radicular dentin with self‐etch adhesives. Materials and Methods: Crowns of extracted anterior teeth were severed, and endodontic treatment was performed. Teeth were divided into six groups according to dowel/adhesive. Teeth received dowels as follows: group I: Light Post + Clearfil‐SE Bond/Panavia‐F (SE/PF), group II: Light Post + Xeno III/Panavia‐F (XN/PF), group III: ParaPost Fiber White + SE/PF, group IV: ParaPost Fiber White + XN/PF, group V: everStick Post + SE/PF, and group VI: everStick Post + XN/PF. Teeth were sectioned to produce 1 mm specimens from both cervical and middle thirds with the dowel at the center. Specimens were tested in a special machine, and μTBS values were determined. Results: Mean μTBS values and SDs in MPa for the cervical region were as follows: group I: 10.36 (1.88), group II: 8.51 (1.41), group III: 11.61 (1.06), group IV: 9.37 (1.61), group V: 14.22 (1.16), and group VI: 12.97 (1.69). Group V had the highest mean value—significantly higher than the means of groups I, II, III, and IV (p < 0.0001 to p < 0.02). For the middle region: group I, 9.72 (1.61); group II, 7.62 (1.42); group III, 10.28 (0.75); group IV, 8.48 (1.51); group V, 13.23 (1.06); group VI, 11.07 (1.49). Group V also had highest mean value—significantly higher than the means of groups I, II, III, and IV (p < 0.0001 to p < 0.004). Conclusions: everStick glass fiber dowel, bonded with either adhesive, showed the highest μTBS. Microtensile bond strengths were not significantly different with cervical root dentin than with middle root dentin.
Technique for Removing Cement between a Fixed Prosthesis and Its Substructure
Authors: Alsiyabi Abdullah S. , Felton David A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFailed restorations diagnosed with salvageable and subsequently reusable metal substructures that demand their separation can be clinically challenging to undertake without the risk of damaging either the super‐ or substructures. This article describes a technique to safely separate them from each other in order for the respective substructure to be reused in the fabrication of a newly reconstructed restoration and for the existing restoration to be reused as a provisional where appropriately indicated.
Solutions for Severely Angulated Implants in the Mandibular Overdenture: A Clinical Report
Authors: Akkad Salem , Richards Mark 
Published: November 2008

AbstractResults of randomized clinical trials have confirmed that implant overdentures provide patients with better outcomes than do conventional complete dentures. Several designs have been introduced for the mandibular implant‐retained removable prosthesis. The most commonly used prosthesis design for the mandibular overdenture is two implants in the canine areas with a stud attachment mechanism (i.e., ball attachments). This design is the least expensive, and therefore can service more patients and is now considered to be the “Standard of Care” for the mandibular edentulous patient. Proper treatment planning and execution lead to favorable implant placement and a successful prosthetic restoration and ultimately patient satisfaction; however, implant malposition may occur, which can lead to an unsuccessful prosthesis. This clinical report describes an implant overdenture design used for severely angled implants. Prosthodontic techniques that enabled this patient to have a successful outcome included the use of cast‐to attachments and abutments along with a sectional matrix used to locate these components within the bulk of the prosthesis. For this patient the prosthodontic compromises were preferred over another surgical procedure with the additional time, discomfort, increased cost, and possible surgical morbidity. It is important that the patient understand the compromises and potential problems when implant placement is not ideal, especially the potential for implant overload and failure.
Absence of Histological Changes after the Administration of a Continuous Intrathecal Clonidine in Wistar rats
Authors: Guevara‐López Uriah , Aldrete J. Antonio , Covarrubias‐Gómez Alfredo , Hernández‐Pando Rogelio E. , López‐Muñoz Francisco J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground:  The administration of epidural and spinal clonidine has demonstrated an antinociceptive effect in animals and humans. For that reason, its spinal administration has been proposed as an adjuvant in chronic pain management. However, there is limited information about its possible neurotoxic effect after its continuous neuraxial administration.Method:  Twelve male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups. Using an osmotic mini‐pump a continuous infusion of intrathecal clonidine, (21.4 micrograms/day, Group A) or saline solution (Group B), was administered for 14 consecutive days. For evaluating the neurological damage a neuropathological analysis of the spinal cord was performed by light microscopy.Results:  Neurohistopathologic examination of the spinal cord specimens failed to show evidence of neurotoxic damage in either group.Conclusions:  These findings showed that continuous intrathecal administration of clonidine did not produce evidence of histological neurotoxicity; therefore it is possible that continuous administration of intrathecal clonidine might be a safe option for treatment of chronic intractable pain; however, further investigations are necessary for evaluating diverse doses and periods of time, and to define its possible behavioral effects.
Noninfectious transfusion of platelets donated before detection of human immunodeficiency virus RNA in plasma
Authors: Kalus Ulrich , Edelmann Anke , Pruss Axel , Hofmann Jörg , Kiesewetter Holger , Krüger Detlev H. , Salama Abdulgabar 
Published: November 2008

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can be transmitted via blood products donated after primary HIV‐1 infection before the detection of viral RNA in plasma.CASE REPORT: From a 39‐year‐old repeat donor, double plateletpheresis donations were collected on Days 4 and 18 after the presumptive date of primary HIV‐1 infection. The former apheresis donations tested negative for the presence of HIV and were transfused to two patients, whereas the latter donation tested positive by reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) but not in antibody screening and was not released for transfusion.RESULTS: One of the recipients of the Day 4 apheresis donation died of unrelated reasons and could therefore not be tested. The second recipient did not develop HIV‐1 infection and has remained negative for the presence of all HIV markers over a period of 7.5 months after the receipt of the apheresis unit. In the donor, qualitative and quantitative RT‐PCR as well as an antibody‐antigen combination assay were observed to be positive on Day 18. In contrast, the HIV antibody screening test became positive for the first time on Day 25.CONCLUSION: Transmission of HIV‐1 may not occur during the very early stage of infection.
Prefrontal gyral folding and its cognitive correlates in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia
Authors: McIntosh A. M. , Moorhead T. W. J. , McKirdy J. , Hall J. , Sussmann J. E. D. , Stanfield A. C. , Harris J. M. , Johnstone E. C. , Lawrie S. M. 
Published: November 2008

Objective:  We sought to address whether dorsal or ventral prefrontal gyrification is abnormal in bipolar disorder and to determine its diagnostic specificity and cognitive associations.Method:  Forty‐two out‐patients with bipolar disorder, 28 with schizophrenia and 37 controls underwent magnetic resonance imaging. All subjects also underwent IQ and executive assessments using tasks whose performance has been localized to the ventral or dorsal prefrontal cortex. Cortical folding was quantified using the gyrification index (GI) and related to the cognitive measures.Results:  Patients with bipolar disorder showed reduced prefrontal gyrification compared with controls but did not differ from patients with schizophrenia. Neither ventral nor dorsal GI was preferentially affected in either disorder. Current IQ was positively and significantly correlated with GI.Conclusion:  Patients with bipolar disorder and patients with schizophrenia have reduced prefrontal gyrification affecting both ventral and dorsal subregions. These reductions were significantly associated with cognitive impairments occurring in both disorders.
Psychoeducational intervention for caregivers of Indian patients with schizophrenia: a randomised‐controlled trial
Authors: Kulhara P. , Chakrabarti S. , Avasthi A. , Sharma A. , Sharma S. 
Published: November 2008

Objective:  There are hardly any randomised‐controlled trials of structured family interventions for schizophrenia from India. This study attempted to evaluate the impact of a structured psychoeducational intervention for schizophrenia, compared with standard out‐patient treatment, on various patient‐ and caregiver‐related parameters.Method:  Seventy‐six patients with DSM‐IV schizophrenia and their caregivers were randomly allocated to receive either a structured psychoeducational intervention (n = 38) consisting of monthly sessions for 9 months or ‘routine’ out‐patient care (n = 38) for the same duration. Psychopathology was assessed on monthly basis. Disability levels, caregiver‐burden, caregiver‐coping, caregiver‐support and caregiver‐satisfaction were evaluated at baseline and upon completion.Results:  Structured psychoeducational intervention was significantly better than routine out‐patient care on several indices including psychopathology, disability, caregiver‐support and caregiver‐satisfaction. The psychoeducational intervention package used was simple, feasible and not costly.Conclusion:  Structured psychoeducational intervention is a viable option for treatment of schizophrenia even in developing countries like India.
The association between periodontal disease and obesity among adults in Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef Saleh , Bawadi Hiba Ahmad , Haroun Touleen Fawzi , Alomari Mosa , Tayyem Reema Fayez 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAim: To determine the relationship between periodontitis and overweight/obesity among Jordanians.Material and Methods: A systematic random sample of 340 persons aged between 18 and 70 years was selected from those who accompanied patients during their visit to the outpatient clinics in the medical centre of Jordan University of Science and Technology in north of Jordan. All participants underwent periodontal examination, had anthropometric measurements, and completed the questionnaire. Periodontitis was defined as presence of four or more teeth with one or more sites with probing pocket depth 4 mm and clinical attachment loss 3 mm.Results: Only 14% of normal weight participants had periodontal disease whereas 29.6% of overweight and 51.9% of obese participants had periodontal disease. Periodontitis was more prevalent among subjects with high waist circumference (WC) and among subjects with high waist‐to‐hip ratio. After adjusting for important variables, only body mass index (BMI)‐defined obesity [odds ratio (OR)=2.9, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 6.1], high WC (OR=2.1, 95%CI: 1.2, 3.7), and high fat per cent (OR=1.8, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.3) remained significantly associated with increased odds of periodontitis.Conclusion: BMI‐defined obesity, high WC, and high fat per cent were significantly associated with increased odds of having periodontitis.
Fluoride rinsing and dental health inequalities in 11‐year‐old children: an evaluation of a supervised school‐based fluoride rinsing programme in Edinburgh
Authors: Levin Kate A. , Jones Colwyn M. , Wight Christine , Valentine Carolyn , V.A. Topping Gail , Naysmith Robert 
Published: November 2008

Abstract –  Objectives:  Previous studies have shown that fluoride mouthrinsing programmes are effective in reducing caries among children and adolescents. National surveys of child dental health in the UK confirm that there is variation in oral health. In particular, children of low socioeconomic status in Scotland have a disproportionately high share of dental disease. This study aimed to evaluate an existing school‐based fluoride mouthrinsing programme on dental caries in populations stratified by socioeconomic status.Methods:  A random sample of 1333 children surveyed by the National Dental Inspection Programme with average age 11.4 years was included in the study. Caries prevalence data were collected for the 661 rinsers and 672 nonrinsers. Chi‐squared tests and t‐tests were carried out to test differences in proportion and in mean D3MFT, respectively. The data were modelled using multilevel logistic regression, adjusting for age, sex, deprivation and rinse status.Results:  There is a strong negative association between deprivation and prevalence of D3MFT = 0. There is no significant difference in prevalence of D3MFT between rinsers and nonrinsers, however, mean D3MFT is greater for nonrinsers within each deprivation category. After adjusting for age, sex and deprivation, the odds of a tooth being decayed missing or filled for a child who rinsed are 0.79 (0.64, 0.98) compared with those of a child who did not.Conclusions:  Fluoride rinsing can be effectively targeted at children from deprived areas through school‐based initiatives. There are some difficulties in recruiting all children from the more deprived backgrounds, but overall reductions in D3MFT were observed.