bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Crisis Management And Civil Unrest: Seeing The La Riots Through An Industrial Lens
Authors: Pearson Christine M. , Kirby Mindy 
Published: March 2007

Pearson, C. and Kirby, M., 1993, Crisis management and civil unrest: seeing the LA riots through an industrial lens, Industrial & Environmental Crisis Quarterly, 7:4, 262-278. This article describes an industrial perspective of the effects of and respons es to the Los Angeles riots of 1992. Using a time phase model, this study examines the efforts made by businesses to detect early warning signals, pre pare for the riots, contain damages, and resume operations. In addition, the authors identify lessons that businesses can apply to prepare for civil unrest.
Environmental Contamination and Human Rights — Case of Minamata Disease
Authors: Harada Masazumi 
Published: March 2007

Minamata disease is methylmercury poisoning that occurred in humans who ingested fish and shellfish contaminated by methylmercury discharged in waste water from a chemical plant. A total of 2,255 persons have been diagnosed with the Minamata disease, as of January 1993, 1,096 have already died. In addition, about 10,000 per sons are suspected of Minamata disease. What is the reason for this disaster that is unprecedented and unparalleled in the history of mankind? World War II ended in August 1945 with Japan's defeat. Japan was faced with the urgent need to restore its devastated land and rebuild its economy. Under these conditions, priority was given to industrialization at all costs. The rights of individuals were slighted because the government subsidized industry, and collaborated with it. Productivity and efficiency were valued above anything else. Safety and post-treatment technologies were ignored. Japan rapidly achieved economic development, but experienced many inci dences of occupational hazards and environmental contamination. The most typical example is Minamata disease. People who suffer first from the damages of environmental contamina tion are always those who maintain close contact with nature, particularly children and the elderly. Minamata disease brought about tragic results because the patient's cen tral nervous system was primarily damaged. People became acutely aware of environmental contamination when they learned that the fetus of a contami nated mother may suffer more serious damages. This paper discusses the outline of Minamata disease and its etiologi cal changes.
Relationship between current quality of life and family of origin dynamics for college students with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Grenwald-Mayes Gloria 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study examines the relationship between current quality of life, family of origin relationship dynamics, and the presence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in college students. Method: Participants were 37 ADHD undergraduate college students and 59 non-ADHD undergraduate students. Participants completed a background information questionnaire, Quality of Life Questionnaire, Family Environment Scale, and the Family Adaption and Cohesion Scale II. Results: In comparison to the control group, the ADHD group reported lower quality of life. The ADHD and non-ADHD groups did not differ significantly in reported family of origin relationship dynamics. Family of origin dynamics were highly predictive of current overall quality of life for the ADHD group, but less so for the non-ADHD group. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that family of origin relationship dynamics deserve further study with respect to how they impact adult quality of life for individuals with ADHD.
The Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention: Development and preliminary validation of a brief self- assessment of adult ADHD
Authors: Mehringer Ann M. , Downey K.K. , Schuh Leslie M. , Pomerleau C.S. , Snedecor Sandy M. , Schubiner Howard 
Published: March 2007

A brief self-rating scale, the Assessment of Hyperactivity and Attention (AHA), was developed and validated using a "gold standard' DSM-based semi-structured interview. The sample consisted of 101 smokers (74% male, 73% Caucasian)-38.6% with no DSM-IV ADHD diagnosis, 10.9% with a childhood diagnosis only, and 50.5% with an adult diagnosis (requiring childhood diagnosis as well). The mean age ± SD was 33.7 ± 9.7; participants smoked a mean of 19.0 ± 5.6 cigarettes/day. Results indicate that the AHA has utility as a screening tool and as a self-report assessment of ADHD with sensitivity of .80, specificity of .60, positive predictive power of .67, negative predictive power of .75, kappa of 40, odds ratio of 6.15, and an area under the curve (receiver operating characteristic analysis) of .79. Given the high rate of ADHD among smokers, the AHA may be useful in identifying smokers who may need more in-depth clinical evaluation for attentional problems.
A Meta-Analytic Review of Gender Differences in ADHD
Authors: Gershon J. , Gershon Jonathan 
Published: March 2007

The present study examined gender differences in ADHD through a meta-analysis. Effect size estimates for the primary symptoms and correlates of ADHD were calculated in an attempt to replicate and extend a previous meta-analysis on gender differences in the disorder. Relatively lenient inclusion criteria were used in order to maximize the number of studies included in the effect sizes. The results indicated that in comparison to ADHD boys, ADHD girls had lower ratings on hyperactivity, inattention, impulsivity, and externalizing problems. In addition, ADHD girls had greater intellectual impairments and more internalizing problems than ADHD boys. Overall, the results of the current meta-analysis indicated general agreement with the previous meta-analysis. The clinical implications of these gender differences and future research considerations are discussed.
Psychosocial adjustment and peer competence of siblings of children with Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Smith A.J. , Brown R.T. , Bunke V. , Blount R.L. , Christophersen E. , Smith A.J. , Brown R.T. , Bunke V. , Christophersen E. , Blount R.L. 
Published: March 2007

Preliminary data examined the relationships between mothers, their sons with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), and younger siblings. We hypothesized that the conflict between the mother and the son with ADHD would also occur in the relationship between the child with ADHD and the younger sibling. Significant associations were found among ADHD behaviors, family conflict variables, conflict in the relationship between mother and child with ADHD, conflict in the relationship between mother and younger sibling, and conflict in the relationship between the child with ADHD and the younger sibling. Further, significant associations were found between behavior symptoms associated with ADHD and more problematic family relationships. Of particular interest was the finding of an unexpected inverse association between siblings' peer competence and mother-ADHD conflict; specifically, that conflict occurring at home from ADHD accounted for a greater percentage of the variance in peer competence as rated by teachers. Recommendations are made for future research with larger samples, alternative designs, older siblings, and fathers.
Purchasing attitudes & Behavior in Canadian Foodservice Firms
Authors: Riegel Carl D. , Haywood K. Michael 
Published: March 2007

This section is intended to supply the readers with quick informa tion on recent developments in Hospitality Education and Research. Research Notes may consist of: (1) new research findings including preliminary data from pilot studies; (2) reports on small research pro jects not requiring extensive presentation; (3) case study reports that describe a truly new phenomenon; (4) methodological comments; (5) brief theoretical statements that are either an original contribution or comments on previously published studies. All such notes must be prepared in the appropriate Hospitality Education and Research Journal style and not exceed 3000 words.
Communication in Fast Food Organizations
Authors: Buergermeister Jim 
Published: March 2007

The purpose of this study is to examine the activities associated with the day- to-day communications in fast food chain restaurants. Special attention will focus on the "manager/employee" relationships, and "employee/employee" interaction. Specific objectives of the study include: 1. Identify the "manager/employee" relationship and relate it to modern organization theory. 2. Study the process or systems that are used to produce the menu items and relate this to communication networks and their effect on the organization. 3. Observe the type of organizational structure and relate it to the operational climate in the restaurant.
The Use of Higher Wages in the Foodservice Industry to Motivate and Retain Hourly Employees
Authors: Fried Sheryl D. , Tucker David L. 
Published: March 2007

One of the most critical problems facing management in the foodservice industry is maintaining adequate staffing levels during the labor shortage. This is a study of hiring employees at premium wages to reduce the effects of the labor shortage. It will attempt to show that higher wages produce an increase in productivity and a reduction in turnover. The methodology will include visiting and interviewing the management of a fast food style restaurant in operation that used higher wages as a method to increase productivity and reduce turnover. The study includes financial data pertaining to wages, sales, and profit. The ability to maintain and recruit staff will be monitored by tracking labor turnover, absenteeism, and tardiness. The wage rate differences and staffing ability of the establishment and its competitors will also be monitored.
Now You See It, Now You Don't: The Restructuring of Commonwealth Government Child Care Policy, 1972-1982
Authors: Davis Lynne 
Published: March 2007

An examination of the development and decline of Commonwealth government involvement in the provision of child care services over the past decade, focuses on services for young children whose parents are workforce participants. The growth of groups requiring child care, the level and types of service provision, and the consequences of inadequate supply of such services are discussed. The emergence of child care policies over the decade 1972-82 is considered in relation to the political and economic context, in particular the shift from moderately progressive social reform policies in a period of economic growth and full employment to contractionist monetary policies in a period of little or no growth and high levels of unemployment. The paper concludes with a discussion of some of the implications of a restructured child care policy.
Price of care: charging for services for people with learning disabilities
Authors: Bradley G. , Manthorpe J. 
Published: March 2007

The recent increases in social services charges have impacted on the lives of people with learning disabilities and their families. Charges have been set for services that were previously free to service users and the levels of other charges have also risen. This paper explores the reactions of people with learning disabilities to such charges and the arguments used to oppose them politically. It seeks to explain why charges have been levied by local authorities at this time and explores in particular the reactions of local authority staff who are required to carry out means testing financial assessments. The final section of this paper discusses issues for practitioners who may face questions from service users about practical responses to the new system. It locates the charging debate within a context of a move from medical to social models of disability.
Factors Promoting Sphere of Influence Relationships
Authors: Mathisen Trygve 
Published: March 2007

In the following article an attempt has been made to identify factors affecting the implementation of expansionist and imperialist policies, and consequently it sheds light on the problem why some weaker states become the sphere of influence of greater powers while other small states are less exposed to such influence. Domestic motive forces which may prompt a great power to embark on policies of expansion are only briefly dealt with. On the basis of historical considerations a tentative conclusion is made concerning some factors affecting sphere of influence relationships. These factors are applied to the contemporary situation in an attempt to identify what areas are likely to remain exposed to strong great power influence, and to suggest in what directions the great powers are likely to expand their influence. It is assumed that the United States has reached at least a temporary climax with regard to the intensity and extension of its political influence. The Soviet Union and China, and most probably also Japan. are considered more capable of expanding their influence in the immediate future. It is, therefore, assumed that parts of Asia and Africa will remain areas of great power rivalry, but the present role of the great powers will reveal considerable changes, par ticularly in Southeast Asia.
Sweden's Debate on the Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Authors: Garris Jerome 
Published: March 2007

Superpower development of tactical nuclear weapons appeared to alter the nature of land combat in the early 1950's. By 1954, the military and the Conservative party ad vocated acquisition of such weapons for Sweden's defense. The other political parties and the Government were ambivalent. In particular, conflicting opinions within the ruling Social Democratic party threatened party unity at a point when the party could least afford the cleavages an atomic weapons decision would create. Seizing on the dual issues of nuclear disarmament and inadequate technical capabilities, the Government successfully pursued a policy of postponing a decision for nearly fif teen years. By the late 1960's, the vast arsenals of the superpowers and progress in disarmament efforts made it possible for the Government to officially decide not to acquire nuclear weapons.
The Mass Media TNCs: An Overall Review of their Operations and of Control Options
Authors: Varis Tapio 
Published: March 2007

Varis, Tapio. The Mass Media TNCs: An Overall Review of their Operations and of Control Options. Cooperation and Conflict, XIII, 1978 193-213. Recent discussions on transnational corporations (TNCs), especially in the UN, have been extended to include global communications and the mass media. An effort is made here to approach a definition of the mass media TNCs, as well as to describe the actual operations of these enterprises. The main focus is on the information media, al though some observations on the entertainment media are also made. The control options of these TNCs are discussed with particular attention to the problems connected with the introduction of an international code of conduct. The general conclusions are that a more systematic collection of data is needed, and that more preparatory research on the definitional aspects must be carried out. The paper suggests that institutions, unions, and other groupings active in international communication could give continuous input to the work of the code of conduct for the media, and should strengthen and use the existing alternative sources of information. A carefully planned national and inter national communication policy is of vital importance for progress in this field.
Finland and the New International Economic Order
Authors: Vesa Unto 
Published: March 2007

Vesa, U. Finland and the New International Economic Order. Cooperation and Conflict, XIV, 1979, 105-120. Finland's position towards the NIEO issues can be explained by two sets of factors: first, her overall foreign policy 'ideology', which is characterized as an active, peace-seeking policy of neutrality, and secondly, her position in the international system and in the international division of labour. Structurally, Finland has a kind of intermediate position, which allows more room for political and diplomatic manoeuvering than other countries have in discussions concerning global development issues. Due to her intermediate position on the North-South axis, Finland also has similar short-term interests with developing countries in some issues. . Because of these two sets of factors Finland's policy in some phases since 1974 may have come closest to the developing countries. While Finland thus has acquired the image of a progressive capitalist country, her poor record in development assistance has undermined her foreign policy credibility. It can be expected that along with increasing trade and development cooperation with developing countries the role of self-interests becomes a more pronounced background factor also for Finland, whereby her progressive image might further be en dangered.
A Banner of Hope? North-South Negotiations and the New International Development Strategy for the Eighties
Authors: Holm Hans-Henrik 
Published: March 2007

Holm, H.-H. A Banner of Hope? North-South Negotiations and the New International Development Strategy for the Eighties. Cooperation and Conflict, XVI, 1981, 197-215. In this article the development strategy for the Third United Nations Development Decade is analysed through a comparison with the previous UN development strategies and by looking at the negotiations preceding the adoption in the General Assembly. It is shown that the development strategy is without realistic goals and has no means for ensuring that the development is guided in the direction wanted. Through discussion of the content of the new development strategy, the North-South debate is treated on the basis of four different models: the union-bargaining model, the ideological model, the power model and the economic structure model. The co-existence of confrontation and compromise, posi tive-sum game and negative-sum game is explained by combining factors from these four models, and it is concluded that there is a great need for concrete analysis of the political economy of international negotiations.
Third World Militaries and Politics: An Introductory Essay
Authors: Ball Nicole 
Published: March 2007

Ball, N. Third World Militaries and Politics: An Introductory Essay. Cooperation and Conflict, XVII, 1982, 41-60. The involvement of militaries in the political process in third world countries has increased during the last three decades. At the same time, developing countries have continued to be confronted with very serious social and economic problems, and the attainment of self-reliant development remains an elusive goal. To understand the role played by organized force in the development process, it is necessary to understand the distribution of economic and political power within a society and how the military as one group of societal élites, albeit a particularly powerful group, fits into this structure. The distinction between civilian and military regimes is increasingly difficult to make. Very few military officers can rule without civilian assistance and many civilian rulers require the backing of the military or allow the military to have influence over the policy-making process. This paper looks at four broad groups within society which benefit the most by some degree of military involvement in the economic and political life of a country: domestic civilian groups, the military as an institution, individuals within the military, and foreign powers. Some of the major reasons why each of these groups favors a political and economic role for the military and how their interests coincide will be outlined. The ability of the military to control social and economic change through its monopoly over the use of force is pointed out, and it is suggested that self-reliant development can never occur as long as militaries continue to be involved in the governing process.
The International Petroleum Game and Norway's Dilemma
Authors: Noreng Øystein 
Published: March 2007

Noreng, Ø. The International Petroleum Game and Norway's Dilemma. Cooperation and Conflict, XVII, 1982, 85-93. The first part of this article outlines trends in the world petroleum market, which is a 'political' and oligopolistic market. The international oil market with governments as oligopolists favours the politicization of the oil trade. The international gas market is more compartmentalized. In Western Europe the supply side is oligopolistic, whereas the demand side is a monopsony, a single buyer, a cartel of gas importers on the continent. The second part of the article deals with Norway's dilemma as a marginal supplier of oil and the world's third exporter in the international gas market. Norwegian petroleum policy has essentially been elaborated with domestic economic and social considerations in mind, with the foreign policy aspects being singularly absent. The conscious separation of petroleum policy and foreign policy appears to be a defence mechanism to avoid difficult dilemmas. It is probably the only way the current foreign policy can be combined with a petroleum policy that is acceptable to Norwegian interests.
Unilateralism and Alliance Cohesion: The United States, Western Europe, and the Regulation of Energy-related Trade with the Soviet Union
Authors: Braathu Jan 
Published: March 2007

Braathu, J. Unilateralism and Alliance Cohesion: The United States, Western Europe, and the Regulation of Energy-related Trade with the Soviet Union. Cooperation and Conflict, XVIII, 1983, 21-41. The point of departure for this paper is the nature of Alliance cohesion and the means of achieving this over an extended period of time. A historical overview of East-West energy transactions involving both the Western export of oil and natural gas equipment and technologies as well as the import of oil and gas seeks to trace the evolution of American trade control policies and their effect upon the West European energy relationship with the Soviet Union. But the effects of these trends of policy are also sought related to the evolution of intra-Alliance relationships in general. The major underlying force is the strain between the unilateralism of sanctions-policy concep tualization and the prerequisite of multilateral implementation.
Abandonment vs. Entrapment: Denmark and Military Integration in Europe 1948-1951
Authors: Petersen Nikolaj 
Published: March 2007

Petersen, N. Abandonment vs. Entrapment: Denmark and Military Integration in Europe 1948-1951. Cooperation and Conflict, XXI, 1986, 169-186. The article analyses Danish attitudes towards NATO integration in the early years of the alliance in a perspective derived from alliance theory. In particular, Glenn Snyder's hypotheses on the motivations which drive the 'alliance game', i.e. intra-alliance relations, are utilized in analysing the Danish Government's reaction to the US proposal of September 1950 to create a joint, integrated force including German contingents for the defence of Western Europe. It is shown that both fears of 'entrapment' in the alliance and fears of 'abandonment' by the Allies played a significant role in the deliberations of Danish decision-makers, but that the fear of abandonment or, expressed positively, the demand for security outweighed both fears of losing freedom of action and fears of a German rearmament. The article highlights especially the role which Denmark's practically undefended border to the south played in the formulation of security policy in the 1950s.