bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survival and Expansion of Mechanically Transplanted Seagrass Sods
Authors: Uhrin Amy V. , Hall Margaret O. , Merello Manuel F. , Fonseca Mark S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Although planting seagrass is not technically complex, the ability to plant large areas is limited by the time‐consuming nature of manual methods. Additionally, manual methods use small, spatially isolated planting units (PUs; shoot bundles or plugs/cores) that are often highly susceptible to disturbance. The likelihood for harvesting intact apical meristems may be higher with large sods compared to smaller units, thus increasing survival and expansion rates. Here, we examined the survival and expansion of large units (1.5 × 1.2 m) of seagrass transplanted using a mechanized planting boat (Giga Unit Transplant System; GUTS). Twenty‐seven units of seagrass (18 Halodule wrightii and 9 Thalassia testudinum) were transplanted and monitored for survival, shoot density, and expansion. After 3 years, 74.1% of the units had survived (66.7% H. wrightii and 88.9% T. testudinum) with 12 H. wrightii units having expanded substantially beyond the bounds of the original PU, merging with adjacent units to form spatially continuous patches of seagrass. High survival rates for T. testudinum should be interpreted in light of concomitant declines in density and lack of significant expansion after 3 years. In its tested configuration, the GUTS was a viable method for transplanting H. wrightii where donor and receiver sites were in close proximity (<2 km; a current limitation of the GUTS design used here). However, based on the reduced density and lack of significant expansion of T. testudinum that has persisted 3 years post‐transplant, the GUTS cannot yet be fully recommended for transplanting this species.
Assessing the Representativeness of the Oldest Permanent Inventory Plots in Northern Arizona Ponderosa Pine Forests
Authors: Bell David M. , Parysow Pablo F. , Moore Margaret M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA network of permanent plots established between 1909 and 1913 (the Woolsey plots) contains the oldest measured data in northern Arizona ponderosa pine forests. These forest inventory data offer a unique opportunity to reconstruct pre‐settlement reference conditions, as well as detect and quantify changes in southwestern forest structure and composition. However, the selection of plot locations in the early 1900s followed a subjective nonrandom approach. To assess the applicability, or inference space, of results obtained from these historical plots, we compared their environmental characteristics (terrestrial ecosystem unit [TEU, based on a U.S. Forest Service (USFS) ecological classification system], site index, elevation, insolation index, and soil parent material) as well as contemporary forest structure (trees per hectare, basal area, and quadratic mean diameter) with two large inventory samples: USFS Forest Inventory and Analysis (FSFIA) and Arizona State Land Department Continuous Forest Inventory (AZCFI). Analytical methods included multivariate permutation tests, ratios of variance, and Kolmogorov–Smirnov two‐sample tests. Results indicated that the Woolsey plots (1) were neither historically nor contemporarily representative of the entire study area because of environmental and current forest structural differences with respect to the FSFIA and AZCFI and (2) may be considered historically representative of their corresponding TEUs. Our study supports the use of TEUs for defining the applicability of information obtained from the Woolsey plots.
Winnowing in Environmental Policy: Jurisdictional Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Krutz Glen S. , Jorgensen Paul D. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhile scholars developed an understanding of the processes moving issues from the systemic to the institutional agenda, we know little about the inner workings of the institutional agenda. Winnowing theory addresses this gap by examining the leadership, bill sponsor, and contextual factors helping bills move through the institutional agenda. By expanding winnowing theory to incorporate a fragmented policy domain, the environment, we find that multiple referral status actually helps a bill's chances of receiving attention and passing through the committee.
Urban Government Innovation: Identifying Current Innovations and Factors that Contribute to Their Adoption
Authors: Franzel Joshua M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis article presents two new sets of information regarding local government innovation. Using survey techniques, the research establishes a list of 22 modern local government innovations and identifies what are considered by local government professionals to be the top three mainstream local government innovations and cities leading in their usage. The research uses statistical techniques and previous research on the topic to test what effect factors related to the 100 most populated U.S. cities have on innovation usage. Among other variables, consistency, the population size, size of the advantaged population, and number of Democratic voters are found to be positively related to innovation on usage by cities.
Mesenchymal stem cells and platelet‐rich plasma enhance bone formation in sinus grafting: a histomorphometric study in minipigs
Authors: Pieri Francesco , Lucarelli Enrico , Corinaldesi Giuseppe , Iezzi Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano , Giardino Roberto , Bassi Massimo , Donati Davide , Marchetti Claudio 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: Autologous, allogenic, and alloplastic materials for sinus augmentation have specific drawbacks, which has stimulated an ongoing search for new materials and tissue‐engineering constructs. We investigated whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) seeded on a fluorohydroxyapatite (FH) scaffold can improve bone formation and bone‐to‐implant contact (BIC) in maxillary sinus grafting.Material and Methods: Bilateral sinus augmentation procedures were performed in eight minipigs. MSCs, PRP, and FH scaffold (test site) or FH alone (control site) were grafted in each maxillary sinus. Distal to the osteotomy, one dental implant per sinus was placed in the grafting material through the facial sinus wall. The animals were killed 3 months after grafting, and block sections of the implant sites were harvested and prepared for histomorphometric analysis.Results: After 12 weeks, a significant increase in bone formation occurred in the test sites compared with the control sites (42.51%versus 18.98%; p=0.001). In addition, BIC was significantly greater in the test sites compared with the control sites in the regenerated area (23.71%versus 6.63%; p=0.028).Conclusions: These findings show that sinus augmentation with MSCs–PRP, combined with FH may enhance bone formation and osseointegration of dental implants compared with FH alone in minipigs.
Cultural Wounds and Physical Scarring in Once Were Warriors
Authors: Bryden Rachel 
Published: April 2008

Abstract This essay won the 2007

Literature Compass

Graduate Essay Prize, Twentieth Century & Contemporary Section. How does the wounding and healing of the Maori body in the book and film versions of Once Were Warriors work to construct a national narrative for New Zealand race relations? This essay compares the book and film versions of Once Were Warriors, examining how they work to construct a national narrative for New Zealand race relations. It looks at the popularity of Lee Tamahori's film adaptation of Alan Duff's novel and argues that New Zealanders have incorporated the story of Pine Block as a certain kind of national narrative, arguably a national narrative that works against constructions of a mutually beneficial settlement process. To read or watch this particular construction of national identity is an experience that New Zealanders find almost unbearably painful, yet Once Were Warriors became the most successful film in New Zealand box office history. It is interesting that as a nation we feel prepared to take on these representations, rather than dismissing them as the reactionary perspectives of a specific group of people as so often happens with Maori portrayals of oppression and colonial violence. The trauma in Once Were Warriors arguably acts as a form of collective cultural catharsis, allowing New Zealanders to work through a somewhat repressed history of forceful settlement. The book and the film resolve these issues in different ways, but both incorporate physical trauma, domestic trauma, and trauma associated with marginalisation which allows us to experience the pain of that particular form of violence and then take pleasure from the healing of that wound. These wounds are created in both narratives through tattooing, gang violence, domestic violence and rape. However, the book and film construct and heal these wounds in very different ways and, in doing so, perhaps create different narratives of national identity. This essay examines whether these dual narratives deposit the viewer/reader back at the site of conventional racial unity or suggest a new way of representing ourselves as a nation.
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus-Encoded LANA Can Interact with the Nuclear Mitotic Apparatus Protein To Regulate Genome Maintenance and Segregation
Authors: Si Huaxin , Verma Subhash C. , Lampson Michael A. , Cai Qiliang , Robertson Erle S. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT
Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) genomes are tethered to the host chromosomes and partitioned faithfully into daughter cells with the host chromosomes. The latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is important for segregation of the newly synthesized viral genomes to the daughter nuclei. Here, we report that the nuclear mitotic apparatus protein (NuMA) and LANA can associate in KSHV-infected cells. In synchronized cells, NuMA and LANA are colocalized in interphase cells and separate during mitosis at the beginning of prophase, reassociating again at the end of telophase and cytokinesis. Silencing of NuMA expression by small interfering RNA and expression of LGN and a dominant-negative of dynactin (P150-CC1), which disrupts the association of NuMA with microtubules, resulted in the loss of KSHV terminal-repeat plasmids containing the major latent origin. Thus, NuMA is required for persistence of the KSHV episomes in daughter cells. This interaction between NuMA and LANA is critical for segregation and maintenance of the KSHV episomes through a temporally controlled mechanism of binding and release during specific phases of mitosis.
Amino Acids 143 to 150 of the Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Scaffold Protein Are Required for the Formation of Portal-Containing Capsids
Authors: Huffman Jamie B. , Newcomb William W. , Brown Jay C. , Homa Fred L. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) portal is composed of a dodecamer of UL6 protein molecules whose incorporation into the capsid is mediated by interaction with the HSV-1 UL26.5 scaffold protein. Previous results with an in vitro capsid assembly assay demonstrated that nine amino acids (amino acids 143 to 151) of the UL26.5 protein are required for its interaction with UL6 and for incorporation of the portal complex into capsids. In the present study an HSV-1 mutant, bvFH411, was isolated and contained a deletion that removed the codons for UL26.5 amino acids 143 to 150. The mutant virus failed to produce infectious virus in noncomplementing cells, and only B capsids that contained only minor amounts of portal protein were made. These data corroborate our previous in vitro studies and demonstrate that amino acids 143 to 150 of UL26.5 are required for the formation of portal-containing HSV-1 capsids.
Sulfatide Is Required for Efficient Replication of Influenza A Virus
Authors: Takahashi Tadanobu , Murakami Kouki , Nagakura Momoe , Kishita Hideyuki , Watanabe Shinya , Honke Koichi , Ogura Kiyoshi , Tai Tadashi , Kawasaki Kazunori , Miyamoto Daisei , Hidari Kazuya I. P. J. , Guo Chao-Tan , Suzuki Yasuo , Suzuki Takashi 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTSulfatide is abundantly expressed in various mammalian organs, including the intestines and trachea, in which influenza A viruses (IAVs) replicate. However, the function of sulfatide in IAV infection remains unknown. Sulfatide is synthesized by two transferases, ceramide galactosyltransferase (CGT) and cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST), and is degraded by arylsulfatase A (ASA). In this study, we demonstrated that sulfatide enhanced IAV replication through efficient translocation of the newly synthesized IAV nucleoprotein (NP) from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, by using genetically produced cells in which sulfatide expression was down-regulated by RNA interference againstCSTmRNA or overexpression of theASAgene and in which sulfatide expression was up-regulated by overexpression of both theCSTandCGTgenes. Treatment of IAV-infected cells with an antisulfatide monoclonal antibody (MAb) or an anti-hemagglutinin (HA) MAb, which blocks the binding of IAV and sulfatide, resulted in a significant reduction in IAV replication and accumulation of the viral NP in the nucleus. Furthermore, antisulfatide MAb protected mice against lethal challenge with pathogenic influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus. These results indicate that association of sulfatide with HA delivered to the cell surface induces translocation of the newly synthesized IAV ribonucleoprotein complexes from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Our findings provide new insights into IAV replication and suggest new therapeutic strategies.
A New Role for ns Polyprotein Cleavage in Sindbis Virus Replication
Authors: Gorchakov Rodion , Frolova Elena , Sawicki Stanley , Atasheva Svetlana , Sawicki Dorothea , Frolov Ilya 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT
One of the distinguishing features of the alphaviruses is a sequential processing of the nonstructural polyproteins P1234 and P123. In the early stages of the infection, the complex of P123+nsP4 forms the primary replication complexes (RCs) that function in negative-strand RNA synthesis. The following processing steps make nsP1+P23+nsP4, and later nsP1+nsP2+nsP3+nsP4. The latter mature complex is active in positive-strand RNA synthesis but can no longer produce negative strands. However, the regulation of negative- and positive-strand RNA synthesis apparently is not the only function of ns polyprotein processing. In this study, we developed Sindbis virus mutants that were incapable of either P23 or P123 cleavage. Both mutants replicated in BHK-21 cells to levels comparable to those of the cleavage-competent virus. They continuously produced negative-strand RNA, but its synthesis was blocked by the translation inhibitor cycloheximide. Thus, after negative-strand synthesis, the ns proteins appeared to irreversibly change conformation and formed mature RCs, in spite of the lack of ns polyprotein cleavage. However, in the cells having no defects in α/β interferon (IFN-α/β) production and signaling, the cleavage-deficient viruses induced a high level of type I IFN and were incapable of causing the spread of infection. Moreover, the P123-cleavage-deficient virus was readily eliminated, even from the already infected cells. We speculate that this inability of the viruses with unprocessed polyprotein to productively replicate in the IFN-competent cells and in the cells of mosquito origin was an additional, important factor in ns polyprotein cleavage development. In the case of the Old World alphaviruses, it leads to the release of nsP2 protein, which plays a critical role in inhibiting the cellular antiviral response.
The impact of components of fine particulate matter on cardiovascular mortality in susceptible subpopulations
Authors: Ostro B D , Feng W-Y , Broadwin R , Malig B J , Green R S , Lipsett M J 
Published: April 2008

Background:Several studies have demonstrated associations between daily mortality and ambient particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in diameter (fine particles or PM2.5). Few, however, have examined the relative toxicities of PM2.5 constituents, including elemental carbon and organic carbon (EC and OC, respectively), nitrates and transition metals. There is also little information about whether associations between PM2.5 constituents and mortality are modified by socioeconomic and demographic factors.Aim:To examine associations of daily cardiovascular mortality with PM2.5 and its constituents after stratification by gender, race/ethnicity and education, using data from six California counties during 2000 to 2003.Methods:The association of daily counts of cardiovascular mortality with PM2.5 components was analysed using time-series regression analyses. Poisson models with natural splines were used to control for time-varying covariates such as season and weather. Separate models were run after stratification by gender, race/ethnicity (White, Hispanic, Black) and education (high school graduation or not). Models were run for each county and results were combined using random effects meta-analysis.Results:Daily counts of cardiovascular mortality were associated with PM2.5 and several of its species including EC, OC, nitrates, sulphates, potassium, copper and iron. For many of these species, there were significantly higher effect estimates among those with lower educational attainment and Hispanic individuals. For example, while essentially no association was observed for individuals who graduated from high school, an interquartile change in several of the components of PM2.5 was associated with a 3–5% increase in daily mortality among non-high school graduates.Conclusion:There is evidence that several PM2.5 constituents may represent important contributors to cardiovascular mortality. Many of these constituents are generated by motor vehicles, especially those with diesel engines, and by residential wood combustion. In addition, factors associated with low educational attainment may increase susceptibility to PM2.5 and its components.
Measurement of trends in incidence of work-related skin and respiratory diseases, UK 1996–2005
Authors: McNamee R , Carder M , Chen Y , Agius R 
Published: April 2008

Objectives:The ability to measure temporal trends in disease incidence is important, but valid methods are needed. This study investigates UK trends during 1996–2005 in work-related skin and respiratory diseases including non-malignant pleural disease, asthma, mesothelioma and pneumoconiosis and the potential for bias when using surveillance systems for this purpose.Methods:The volunteer reporters in three surveillance schemes were specialist physicians for skin diseases, specialist physicians for respiratory diseases and occupational physicians, respectively, who provided monthly reports of new cases of disease which they considered work related. Poisson regression models were used to investigate variation by calendar year (trend), season and reporter characteristics. Separately, temporal patterns in the probabilities of non-response and zero reports were investigated. Annual changes in disease incidences were compared between reporter groups.Results:There was little evidence of change in incidences of non-malignant pleural disease, mesothelioma, skin neoplasia and urticaria, but falls were seen for contact dermatitis and pneumoconiosis. Although the directions of change were similar across reporter groups, the magnitude of annual change in incidence was often inconsistent: for occupational asthma, it was −1.9% (95% CI −5.2 to 1.4) and −12.1% (95% CI−19.5 to −4.1) using respiratory and occupational physician reports, respectively. Response rates were high (∼85%), but non-response increased slightly with membership time, as did the probability of a zero return in some groups. Adjustment of results for presumed reporting fatigue led to an upward correction in some calendar trends.Conclusions:As some estimated changes in incidence based on volunteer reporting may be biased by reporting fatigue, apparent downward trends need to be interpreted cautiously. Differences in the population bases of the surveillance schemes and UK health service capacity constraints may also explain the differences in trends found here.
Life History of Dysodia Sica (Lepidoptera: Thyrididae) in Panama
Authors: Aiello Annette 
Published: April 2008

Thyrididae is a widespread tropical and subtropical family of
moths, generally thought to be related to the Pyralidae, from which
they differ in a number of ways (see Whalley, 1971). Possibly the
group is not monophyletic, but so little is known concerning the
immature stages, that few conclusions can be reached regarding the
relationships among the four subfamilies.Dysodia (Thyrididae: Pachythyrinae) is a pantropical genus found
on all continents except Australia (Whalley, 1971). Aside from
scattered foodplant records for several species, little is known about
the immature stages of any of the approximately thirty species. The
present paper describes the egg, larvae, pupa, and larval behavior of
Dysodia sica Druce (Figure 1) reared on Barro Colorado Island
(BCI), Panama, during May through August 1977 and 1980. Seven
other species of Dysodia are listed for BCI by Forbes (1942).
First Neotropical Mutualistic Associations in Bumblebee Nests(Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Chavarria Gabriela 
Published: April 2008

Ectosymbionts of bumblebee nests of Bombus ephippiatus are
recorded for first time from the American Tropics. An overview of
this interaction is provided.“The insect colony and its immediate environment can be
thought of as an island which symbiotic organisms are continuously
attempting to colonize”
“Gotta Moan Sometime”: A Sonic Exploration of Earwitnesses to Early Pentecostal Sound in North America
Authors: Daniels, III David Douglas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSound as a historical frame provides a new historiographic turn for Pentecostal studies and a complement to spatial and temporal studies of the Pentecostal past. This article explores how sound serves as a primary marker of early Pentecostal identity, as sound blended the sound of prayer, preaching, testifying, singing, music-making, and silence. Embedded in early Pentecostal sound are primal cries, speech, music, and ambient sound which, for early Pentecostals, functioned as a circular continuum that Pentecostal soundways traveled. Encompassing more than orality, early Pentecostal sound generated a way of knowing that challenged the orality-literacy binary, the hierarchy of senses that privileged sight, and the hierarchy of the races.
Water Mass Transformation and Formation in the Labrador Sea
Authors: Myers Paul G. , Donnelly Chris 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Objectively analyzed surface hydrographic fields and NCEP–NCAR reanalysis fluxes are used to estimate water mass transformation and formation rates in the Labrador Sea, focusing on Labrador Sea Water (LSW). The authors estimate a mean long-term transformation of between 2.1 ± 0.2 and 3.9 ± 0.3 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) over the years 1960–99 to water with densities greater than σ = 27.65 kg m−3, depending on the correction used for the latent and sensible heat fluxes. Mean long-term formation rates are found between 0.9 ± 0.2 and 1.7 ± 0.3 Sv for σ = 27.675 − 27.725 kg m−3 and 1.2 ± 0.2 and 2.0 ± 0.3 Sv for σ &gt; 27.725 kg m−3. There is tremendous variability associated with these formation rates with years of strong water formation (5.7–6.6 ± 0.5–0.7 or 9.5–10.8 ± 0.7–1.1 Sv) mixed with years of little or no formation in the given density ranges. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) is linked (correlation coefficient of 0.45, significant at the 99% level) with the overall formation rate for σ &gt; 27.625 kg m−3. The observed long-term increase in net precipitation over the Labrador Sea does not seem to have had any significant effect on LSW, potentially reducing LSW transformation rates by 0.1 Sv. A reduction in surface salinity leads to formation occurring at a reduced density, but with little change in the amount of water transformed.