bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulating a hybridization event of a range-expanding sexual cannibal (Argiope bruennichi)
Authors: Franke Sebastian , Schneider Jutta M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hybridization plays an important role in animal speciation. Mediterranean populations of the Palaearctic wasp spider Argiope bruennichi have recently undergone a range expansion northwards. Adaptation to colder winters was facilitated by introgressed alleles derived from Asian populations, hence the resulting hybrids were able to expand geographically. Argiope bruennichi exhibits a highly complex mating system that includes strong sexual conflict and predisposes the species to behaviours that could facilitate directed hybridization and hybrid stabilization. To test this, we simulated a hybridization event with European and Asian spiders and a backcrossing event with southern and northern European spiders by conducting mate choice experiments and mating trials. We found pronounced differences in the cannibalism and monopolization successes between the populations. Asian male spiders were more successful in monopolizing European females than their European conspecifics and more successful than European males with Asian females. This would have led to an increased proportion of these specific offspring in the hybrid population. Our results suggest the mating system as a driving factor in the directional hybridization of Asian males and European females and the establishment of new northern European populations of A. bruennichi. We found no influences of the mating system on the stabilization of the resulting hybrid populations, probably owing to cold survival adaptations being a more important factor.
Grid/lattice therapy: consideration of small field dosimetry
Authors: Das Indra J , Khan Ahtesham Ullah , Dogan Serpil K , Longo Mariaconcetta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Small-field dosimetry used in special procedures such as gamma knife, Cyberknife, Tomotherapy, IMRT, and VMAT has been in evolution after several radiation incidences with very significant (70%) errors due to poor understanding of the dosimetry. IAEA-TRS-483 and AAPM-TG-155 have provided comprehensive information on small-fields dosimetry in terms of code of practice and relative dosimetry. Data for various detectors and conditions have been elaborated. It turns out that with a suitable detectors dose measurement accuracy can be reasonably (±3%) achieved for 6 MV beams for fields &gt;1×1 cm2. For grid therapy, even though the treatment is performed with small fields created by either customized blocks, multileaf collimator (MLC), or specialized devices, it is multiple small fields that creates combined treatment. Hence understanding the dosimetry in collection of holes of small field is a separate challenge that needs to be addressed. It is more critical to understand the scattering conditions from multiple holes that form the treatment grid fields. Scattering changes the beam energy (softer) and hence dosimetry protocol needs to be properly examined for having suitable dosimetric parameters. In lieu of beam parameter unavailability in physical grid devices, MLC-based forward and inverse planning is an alternative path for bulky tumours. Selection of detectors in small field measurement is critical and it is more critical in mixed beams created by scattering condition. Ramification of small field concept used in grid therapy along with major consideration of scattering condition is explored. Even though this review article is focussed mainly for dosimetry for low-energy megavoltage photon beam (6 MV) but similar procedures could be adopted for high energy beams. To eliminate small field issues, lattice therapy with the help of MLC is a preferrable choice.
Serratus anterior plane block alone, paravertebral block alone and their combination in video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery: the THORACOSOPIC double-blind, randomized trial
Authors: Leviel Florent , Fourdrain Alex , Delatre Florian , De Dominicis Florence , Lefebvre Thomas , Bar Stéphane , Alshatri Hamza Yahia , Lorne Emmanuel , Georges Olivier , Berna Pascal , Dupont Hervé , Meynier Jonathan , Abou-Arab Osama 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOBJECTIVESSerratus anterior plane block (SAPB) and paravertebral block (PVB) are well known to reduce pain levels after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). However, the relative efficacies of each block and a combination of the 2 have not been fully characterized. The objective of the present study was to assess the efficacy of PVB alone, SAPB alone and the combination of PVB and SAPB with regard to the occurrence and intensity of pain after VATS.METHODSWe conducted the THORACOSOPIC single-centre, double-blind, randomized trial in adult patients due to undergo elective VATS lung resection. The participants were randomized to PVB only, SAPB only and PVB + SAPB groups. The primary end-point was pain on coughing on admission to the postanaesthesia care unit. The secondary end-points were postoperative pain at rest and on coughing at other time points and the cumulative opioid consumption. Pain was scored on a visual analogue scale.RESULTSOne-hundred and fifty-six patients (52 in each group) were included. On admission to the postanaesthesia care unit, the 3 groups did not differ significantly with regard to the pain on coughing: the visual analogue scale score was 3 (0–6), 4 (0–8) and 2 (0–6) in the PVB, SAPB and PVB + SAPB groups, respectively (P = 0.204). During postoperative care, the overall pain score was significantly lower in the SABP + PVP group at rest and on cough.CONCLUSIONSThe combination of SABP + PVB could be beneficial for pain management in VATS in comparison to SABP or PVB alone.
‘As I Learn From You, I Guess You Learn From Me’: Three Modernists on the Teaching of English
Authors: Pullen Charlie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The subject of this essay is the way modernist literary texts represent and think about the teaching of English, especially when it is conceived as a subject grounded within relational pedagogies and experiences of collaboration and interdependence between student and teacher. I begin with an autobiographical reflection on my own experience of teaching a text that calls attention to its pedagogical import, before outlining a view of English that resonates with the work of D.W. Winnicott as well as an existing body of education-focused scholarship in modernist literary studies. The first of three examples at the centre of the essay comes from the long work of experimental modernist fiction Pilgrimage by Dorothy Richardson, who depicts a moment of English teaching based around friendship and equality. The next section examines a moment from D.H. Lawrence’s novel The Rainbow, in which the young Tom Brangwen undergoes a deep and troubling experience listening to his teacher read Shelley’s poem ‘Ode to the West Wind’. The final section reads Langston Hughes’s poem ‘Theme for English B’ as a parable of dialogic learning.
Both nuclear and cytoplasmic polymorphisms are involved in genetic conflicts over male fertility in the gynodioecious snail, Physa acuta
Authors: Laugier Fanny , Saclier Nathanaëlle , Béthune Kévin , Braun Axelle , Konecny Lara , Lefébure Tristan , Luquet Emilien , Plénet Sandrine , Romiguier Jonathan , David Patrice 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gynodioecy, the coexistence of hermaphrodites with females, often reflects conflicts between cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) genes and nuclear genes restoring male fertility. CMS is frequent in plants and has been recently discovered in one animal: the freshwater snail, Physa acuta. In this system, CMS was linked to a single divergent mitochondrial genome (D), devoid of apparent nuclear restoration. Our study uncovers a second, novel CMS-associated mitogenome (K) in Physa acuta, demonstrating an extraordinary acceleration of molecular evolution throughout the entire K mitochondrial genome, akin to the previously observed pattern in D. This suggests a pervasive occurrence of accelerated evolution in both CMS-associated lineages. Through a 17-generation introgression experiment, we further show that nuclear polymorphisms in K-mitogenome individuals contribute to the restoration of male function in natural populations. Our results underscore shared characteristics in gynodioecy between plants and animals, emphasizing the presence of multiple CMS mitotypes and cytonuclear conflicts. This reaffirms the pivotal role of mitochondria in influencing male function and in generating genomic conflicts that impact reproductive processes in animals.
Parallel evolution of alternate morphotypes of Chryseobacterium gleum during experimental evolution with Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Duckett Marissa , Taylor Megan N , Bowman Claire , Vega Nic M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microbial evolution within polymicrobial communities is a complex process. Here, we report within-species diversification within multispecies microbial communities during experimental evolution with the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We describe morphological diversity in the target species Chryseobacterium gleum, which developed a novel colony morphotype in a small number of replicate communities. Alternate morphotypes coexisted with original morphotypes in communities, as well as in single-species experiments using evolved isolates. We found that the original and alternate morphotypes differed in motility and in spatial expansion in the presence of C. elegans. This study provides insight into the emergence and maintenance of intraspecies diversity in the context of microbial communities.
The Association Between Postural Sway and Preclinical Alzheimer Disease Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Bollinger Rebecca M , Chen Szu-Wei , Krauss Melissa J , Keleman Audrey A , Kehrer-Dunlap Abigail , Kaesler Megan , Ances Beau M , Stark Susan L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
It is unknown whether older adults with preclinical Alzheimer disease (AD) experience changes in postural sway compared with those without preclinical AD. The purpose of this study was to understand the effect of dual tasking on standing balance, or postural sway, for people with and without preclinical AD.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a longitudinal cohort study. Participants were cognitively normal older adults with and without preclinical AD. Postural sway (path length) was tested using a force plate under standard and dual task balance conditions. Dual task cost (DTC) was calculated to examine performance change in balance conditions. Logistic regression models were used to predict preclinical AD status as a function of DTC.

Results
203 participants (65 preclinical AD+) were included. DTC for path length was significantly greater for participants with preclinical AD (DTC path length mean difference 19.8, 95% CI 2.6–37.0, t(201) = 2.29, p = .024). Greater DTC was significantly associated with increased odds of having preclinical AD (adjusted odds ratio for a 20-unit increase in DTC 1.16, 95% CI 1.02–1.32).

Conclusions
Older adults with preclinical AD are more likely to demonstrate significantly greater DTC in postural sway than those without preclinical AD. Dual tasking should be integrated into balance and fall risk assessments and may inform early detection of preclinical AD.
Age-Differential Role of Gaze Reinstatement in Recognition Memory for Negative Visual Stimuli
Authors: Xiong Jinli , Gong Xianmin , Yang Quan , Yin Shufei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Although research has shown that the replay of encoding-specific gaze patterns during retrieval, known as gaze reinstatement, facilitates memory retrieval, little is known about whether it differentially associates with the negativity preference in memory (defined as enhanced memory for negative stimuli relative to neutral stimuli in this study) among younger and older adults. The present study aims to address this research gap.

Methods
A total of 33 older adults (16 women; aged 58–69 years, M = 63.48, SD = 2.98) and 36 younger adults (10 women; aged 18–26 years, M = 20.39, SD = 1.57) completed a remember/know recognition memory task involving negative and neutral pictures. Their eye movements were tracked during both the memory encoding and retrieval phases.

Results
Younger and older adults had better memory for negative than neutral pictures. Older adults exhibited significantly stronger gaze reinstatement for negative than neutral stimuli, while this difference was nonsignificant in younger adults. Moreover, gaze reinstatement is positively linked to memory performance in both age groups.

Discussion
The results suggest that gaze reinstatement may play age-differential roles in the negativity preference of memory. Negative valence may enhance gaze reinstatement, which improves subsequent recognition memory, particularly among older adults. The finding contributes to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the negative preference for memory in different age groups.
A Diary Study of Daily Negative Aging Stereotypes and Goal Pursuit in Older Adults
Authors: Ma Yuting , Zhang Baoshan , Wang Mengze 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study aimed to investigate the association between negative aging stereotypes and goal pursuit in daily life among older adults. We also explored the roles of stereotype threat and stereotype challenge reactions in mediating this association. Additionally, this study investigated whether variations in these associations exist among older adults based on their self-integrity levels.

Methods
Participants were 100 older adults who completed daily measures assessing negative aging stereotype experiences, threat and challenge reactions, goal pursuit activities, and self-integrity over a week.

Results
More daily experiences of negative aging stereotypes were associated with greater avoidance of responsibilities in goal pursuit and less progress toward goals. Increased threat reactions and decreased challenge reactions were mediators of the association between stereotype experiences and avoidance of responsibilities, as well as that between stereotype experiences and progress toward goals, respectively. Moreover, the associations between threat reactions and avoidance of responsibilities as well as between stereotype experiences and challenge reactions were more pronounced in older adults with lower self-integrity levels.

Discussion
This study is pioneering in demonstrating the real-life interplay between aging stereotypes and goal pursuit among older adults. Its findings not only expand upon the literature concerning aging stereotypes, but also offer theoretical insights for the development of interventions aimed at goal pursuit. These insights have significant implications for fostering healthy aging.
Life-Space Mobility, Transportation, and the Companionship Network of Members of a Hispanic Senior Center
Authors: Mauldin Rebecca L , Parekh Rupal , Connolly John P , Mattingly Stephen P , Mushtaq Aiman , Fujimoto Kayo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Companions (i.e., friends who spend time together) are important for the well-being of older adults. Senior centers in the United States are places for older adults to participate in group activities and form and maintain companionships. However, differences in mobility and transportation may affect the ability of older adults to leverage senior center activities into actual companionships.

Methods
This social network analysis was conducted to characterize the companionship network among members of a senior center in relation to their life-space mobility and transportation resources. An exponential random graph model was estimated to identify mobility- and transportation-related correlates of the likelihood of a companionship tie among senior center members (N = 42).

Results
Members had an average of 2 companionships with one another (M = 2.2, SD = 2.7). Companionships were more likely for members with greater life-space mobility (p = .009), who attended the senior center more frequently (p = .004), with automobile ownership in their households (p = .034), and who were not transportation cost-burdened (i.e., spent less than 15% of their income on transportation, p = .005). Demographic characteristics, limitations on instrumental activities of daily living, and being at risk for depression were not significantly associated with the likelihood of companionships.

Discussion
These findings extend previous knowledge of the role of life-space mobility and transportation in supporting general social participation for older adults to include the importance of transportation and mobility for having companions within a senior center.
Development of climate informed management scenarios for fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: Hollowed Anne Babcock , Holsman Kirstin K , Wise Sarah P , Haynie Alan C , Cheng Wei , Evans Diana C K , Hermann Albert J , Ianelli James N , Kearney Kelly A , Punt Andre E , Reum Jonathan C P , Stram Diana L , Szuwalski Cody S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recognition of the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems worldwide, integrated research teams have coupled climate change projections with social-ecological models to inform management and evaluate adaptation strategies for the fishing industry and fishing communities. A key step in this process is the selection of scenarios that enable improved adaptation strategies and decision-making through engagements with constituents with diverse interests in the future use of marine resources. This paper presents an approach to selecting and refining climate-informed social-ecological scenarios for groundfish and crab fisheries in the eastern Bering Sea. The approach involved: (a) initial model development to provide worked examples; (b) engagement with stakeholders to seek input on climate-related concerns, priorities, and adaptation options; and (c) establishment of pathways for uptake of climate-informed decision support information into existing management systems. This approach narrowed the range of candidate scenarios, identified pressing climate concerns of constituents, and clarified timelines for scheduling modeling projects to address these concerns. Separating evaluation of management strategies (research modeling) from proposed changes to Fishery Management Plans preserved opportunities for public debate of proposed changes through a well-established regulatory review process. Collectively, these outcomes help to advance the development of a regionally relevant climate-ready harvest policy.
Refugee livelihood perspectives: Post-traumatic growth in histories of Vietnamese, Bosnian, and Tamil Refugees in Australia
Authors: Green Sarah , Nguyen Austen Anh , Kandasamy Niro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Refugee livelihood studies have mostly focused on policy and international aid programming and have yet to explore refugee people’s long-term development beyond the initial resettlement period. This article examines the experiences of Vietnamese, Bosnian, and Tamil refugees resettled in Australia during the height of the multicultural agenda in the 1980s and 1990s. Drawing on fifty oral histories, the article argues that refugees’ struggle and transformation of trauma in the past fuelled civic engagement in their new host communities. It explores the nexus of refugee lived experiences, livelihoods, and post-traumatic growth in the context of multicultural Australia to consider refugee livelihood as a long-term process. Crossing disciplinary boundaries of history and psychology, the article shows how some refugees re-interpret their trauma as motivation for positive change, a manifestation of post-traumatic growth, expressed as civic engagement, including becoming political actors in response to their histories of trauma, resistance, and growth beyond resettlement.
Quasar Island – three new z ∼ 6 quasars, including a lensed candidate, identified with contrastive learning
Authors: Byrne Xander , Meyer Romain A , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Bañados Eduardo , Walter Fabian , Decarli Roberto , Belladitta Silvia , Loiacono Federica 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Of the hundreds of z ≳ 6 quasars discovered to date, only one is known to be gravitationally lensed, despite the high lensing optical depth expected at z ≳ 6. High-redshift quasars are typically identified in large-scale surveys by applying strict photometric selection criteria, in particular by imposing non-detections in bands blueward of the Lyman-α line. Such procedures by design prohibit the discovery of lensed quasars, as the lensing foreground galaxy would contaminate the photometry of the quasar. We present a novel quasar selection methodology, applying contrastive learning (an unsupervised machine learning technique) to Dark Energy Survey imaging data. We describe the use of this technique to train a neural network which isolates an ‘island’ of 11 sources, of which seven are known z ∼ 6 quasars. Of the remaining four, three are newly discovered quasars (J0109−5424, z = 6.07; J0122−4609, z = 5.99; J0603−3923, z = 5.94), as confirmed by follow-up and archival spectroscopy, implying a 91 per cent efficiency for our novel selection method; the final object on the island is a brown dwarf. In one case (J0109−5424), emission below the Lyman limit unambiguously indicates the presence of a foreground source, though high-resolution optical/near-infrared imaging is still needed to confirm the quasar’s lensed (multiply imaged) nature. Detection in the g band has led this quasar to escape selection by traditional colour cuts. Our findings demonstrate that machine learning techniques can thus play a key role in unveiling populations of quasars missed by traditional methods.
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Hospitalizations Associated With Social Vulnerability by Census Tract: An Opportunity for Intervention?
Authors: Thomas Christine M , Raman Rameela , Schaffner William , Markus Tiffanie M , Ndi Danielle , Fill Mary-Margaret A , Dunn John R , Talbot H Keipp 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause hospitalization in young children and older adults. With vaccines and monoclonal antibody prophylaxis increasingly available, identifying social factors associated with severe illnesses can guide mitigation efforts.

Methods
Using data collected by the RSV Hospitalization Surveillance Network from 2016 to 2023, we identified RSV hospitalizations in Tennessee. We linked hospitalization information (eg, patient demographic characteristics and outcome) with population-level variables (eg, social vulnerability and health care insurance coverage) from publicly available data sets using census tract of residence. Hospitalization incidence was calculated and stratified by period (2016–2020 and 2020–2023). We modeled social vulnerability effect on hospitalization incidence using Poisson regression.

Results
Among 2687 RSV hospitalizations, there were 677 (25.2%) intensive care unit admissions and 38 (1.4%) deaths. The highest RSV hospitalization incidences occurred among children aged &lt;5 years and adults aged ≥65 years: 272.8 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 258.6–287.0) and 60.6 (95% CI, 56.0–65.2), respectively. Having public health insurance was associated with higher hospitalization incidence as compared with not having public insurance: 60.5 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI, 57.6–63.4) vs 14.3 (95% CI, 13.4–15.2). Higher hospitalization incidence was associated with residing in a census tract in the most socially vulnerable quartile vs the least vulnerable quartile after adjusting for age, sex, and period (incidence rate ratio, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.3–1.6).

Conclusions
RSV hospitalization was associated with living in more socially vulnerable census tracts. Population measures of social vulnerability might help guide mitigation strategies, including vaccine and monoclonal antibody promotion and provision to reduce RSV hospitalization.