bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Systematic scoping review: Use of the faecal immunochemical test residual buffer to enhance colorectal cancer screening
Authors: McAuliffe Timothy , Anderson Joseph C. , Larson Robin J. , Robertson Douglas J. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundThe faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an inexpensive and convenient modality to screen for colorectal cancer. However, its one‐time sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer and cancer precursors is limited. There is growing interest in using the non‐haemoglobin contents of FIT residual buffer to enhance colonic neoplasia detection.AimTo establish from the literature a framework to catalogue candidate biomarkers within FIT residual buffer for non‐invasive colorectal cancer screening.MethodsThe search strategy evaluated PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for publications through 25 October 2023, with search terms including FIT, buffer, OC‐sensor, biomarkers, microbiome, microRNA (miR), colon, rectum, screening, neoplasm, and early detection. Studies employing home‐based collection samples using quantitative FIT first processed for haemoglobin were included. One author reviewed all articles; a second author completed a 20% full‐text audit to ensure adherence to eligibility criteria.ResultsA broad search yielded 1669 studies and application of eligibility criteria identified 18 relevant studies. Multiple protein, DNA/RNA, and microbiome biomarkers (notably haptoglobin, miR‐16, miR‐27a‐3p, miR‐92a, miR‐148a‐3p, miR‐223, miR‐421, let‐7b‐5p, and Tyzzerella 4) were associated with colorectal neoplasia. Furthermore, studies highlighted the short‐term stability of biomarkers for clinical use and long‐term stability for research purposes.ConclusionsThis scoping review summarises the framework and progress of research on stability of biomarkers in FIT residual buffer and their associations with colorectal neoplasia to guide opportunities for further confirmatory studies to enhance colorectal cancer screening.
The impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on the Thai economy and the effectiveness of monetary policy: A Bayesian DSGE model approach
Authors: Dunyo Samuel Kwesi , Sarntisart Saran 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study estimates a medium‐scale dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model for the Thai economy to evaluate the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic containment policy on key macroeconomic aggregates. The shock to labor supply is considered as the main transmission channel. The paper discussed the role of monetary policy in regard to economic recovery and also identified the dominant shocks driving the business cycle. Thai quarterly series from 2011Q1 to 2021Q2 is used for the Bayesian estimation of the model. Though the pandemic shock caused a sharp decline in output, consumption and investment, the results suggest a fast recovery in the growth rates of the variables in about 2.5 years. At the same time, the dominant shocks that account for output variation in the medium to long term are investment, labor supply and productivity shocks. Monetary policy is effective in shortening the recovery due to its impact on private investment. The key drivers of Thai household consumption in the long run are investment, labor supply and productivity shocks. On average, the investment shock appears to be the key driver of the business cycle at all horizons.
Developing a process to measure actual harm from medication errors in paediatric inpatients: From design to implementation
Authors: Mumford Virginia , Raban Magdalena Z. , Li Ling , Fitzpatrick Erin , Woods Amanda , Merchant Alison , Badgery‐Parker Tim , Gates Peter , Baysari Melissa , Day Ric O. , Ambler Geoffrey , Dalla‐Pozza Luciano , Gazarian Madlen , Gardo Alan , Barclay Peter , White Les , Westbrook Johanna I. 
Published: March 2024

AimsThe potential harm associated with medication errors is widely reported, but data on actual harm are limited. When actual harm has been measured, assessment processes are often poorly described, limiting their ability to be reproduced by other studies. Our aim was to design and implement a new process to assess actual harm resulting from medication errors in paediatric inpatient care.MethodsPrescribing errors were identified through retrospective medical record reviews (n = 26 369 orders) and medication administration errors through direct observation (n = 5137 administrations) in a tertiary paediatric hospital. All errors were assigned potential harm severity ratings on a 5‐point scale. Multidisciplinary panels reviewed case studies for patients assigned the highest three potential severity ratings and determined the following: actual harm occurrence and severity level, plausibility of a link between the error(s) and identified harm(s) and a confidence rating if no harm had occurred.ResultsMultidisciplinary harm panels (n = 28) reviewed 566 case studies (173 prescribing related and 393 administration related) and found evidence of actual harm in 89 (prescribing = 22, administration = 67). Eight cases of serious harm cases were found (prescribing = 1, administration = 7) and no cases of severe harm. The panels were very confident in 65% of cases (n = 302) where no harm was found. Potential and actual harm ratings varied.ConclusionsThis harm assessment process provides a systematic method for determining actual harm from medication errors. The multidisciplinary nature of the panels was critical in evaluating specific clinical, therapeutic and contextual considerations including care delivery pathways, therapeutic dose ranges and drug–drug and drug–disease interactions.
An anchor in instability or an inhibitor for development? Professional perceptions of siblinghood in family group homes in Israel
Authors: Barnea Osher , Cohen Noa , Hindi Inbal , Dolev Moshe , Taus Orna , Katz Carmit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost children who are removed from their homes by social services have siblings. Yet, siblinghood is an unnoticed and understudied field of interest. Professionals lack a framework for addressing this common issue in out‐of‐home placement decision‐making and caregiving. The current study examined how professionals in family group homes in Israel perceive and approach sibling bonds, as well as the main barriers and benefits they identify regarding siblinghood among children in out‐of‐home placements. Five focus groups were held with 34 professionals, and a thematic analysis was conducted. The participants identified siblings as a source of support, comfort and security to one another. On the other hand, they worried about the sibling bond inhibiting a child's development. They also revealed two approaches regarding the role of out‐of‐home placements: a space for individual development versus a transition station in the child's and family's life journey. They also referred to the uniqueness of every sibling group and, hence, the significant weight of professional intuition in decision‐making processes. The discussion addresses the challenges of intuitive decision‐making in cases of siblings in out‐of‐home placements and stresses the need for more informed decision‐making processes.
Common Ownership and Goodwill Impairments
Authors: Ye Chunlai , Yu Lin‐Hui 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTResearch Question/IssueAre companies monitored by common owners (i.e., institutional investors that block‐own [owning 5% or more] several companies in a single industry) more likely than other companies to record goodwill impairments when their assets are overstated?Research Findings/InsightsWe find that companies monitored by common owners are more likely than other companies to record goodwill impairments when their assets are overstated. The monitoring effect is stronger for common owners with a stronger incentive to monitor and with more industry knowledge and stronger for the co‐presence of multiple common owners. Our findings are in line with the notion that common owners have an economy of scale in monitoring and internalize the negative externality of delayed recording of goodwill impairment. We also find that common ownership is associated with lower information asymmetry, which in turn increases the timeliness of goodwill impairment.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsOur research emphasizes the monitoring role of common ownership in recording goodwill impairments. We find support for the mechanisms enabling common owners to be better monitors.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThe prevalence of common ownership has prompted regulatory and societal concerns regarding under‐investment in the oversight of the companies. Our findings documenting the association between common ownership and the timely recording of goodwill impairments are relevant to the ongoing debate regarding the potential costs and benefits of common ownership.
Proposed vacuum sampling method for collecting foraging Vespula wasps at their nest entrance
Authors: Daly Derek , Molepo Dikobe K. , Veldtman Ruan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSampling nests of yellow jackets, Vespula spp. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae), represent a particular challenge due to the danger involved in working with live colonies of a potentially aggressive venomous super‐organism. Here, we report on sampling methods using a petrol‐driven leaf blower/vacuum and a battery‐powered vacuum to sample returning Vespula germanica (Fabricius) foragers at their nest entrance. These methods make the sampling of returning foragers at the nest more efficient and convenient and represent a low‐risk approach to sampling. Applications include prey analysis and genetic sampling that can be done destructively or non‐destructively depending on the geographic location. We sampled 15 nests using the two‐stroke vacuum apparatus and collected on average (±SD) 454 ± 271 wasps per nest. We believe that the petrol‐driven vacuum collection apparatus we designed is a useful method for collecting a large number of social wasp foragers returning to a single‐nest entrance.
Can the impacts of invasive African Olive on native Cumberland Plain Woodland plants be mitigated through bioinoculation?
Authors: Listberger James , Manea Anthony , Leishman Michelle R. , Li Weihua , Cuneo Peter , Scott Jordan , Le Roux Johannes J. 
Published: March 2024

SummaryInvasive plants often impact the abiotic and biotic conditions of the ecosystems they invade. These impacts can persist after the removal of the invader as legacy effects that may hamper restoration. We assessed whether the invasion of Cumberland Plain Woodland in Australia by African Olive impacts the performance of native species through legacy effects. We also tested whether the addition of soil inocula from uninvaded Cumberland Plain Woodland and rhizosphere soils can mitigate the effects of invaded soils on native plant performance. To do this, we grew four native Cumberland Plain Woodland species (Australian Indigo, Climbing Saltbush, Hickory Wattle, Wedge‐leaf Hop‐bush) in mesocosms containing either uninvaded Cumberland Plain Woodland soil, African Olive‐invaded Cumberland Plain Woodland soil or invaded Cumberland Plain Woodland soil inoculated with uninvaded or native rhizosphere soil. We found invaded soils to not consistently impact the growth of the Cumberland Plain Woodland species studied. In invaded soil, Hickory Wattle produced lower above and belowground biomass, Climbing Saltbush produced lower belowground biomass and Australian Indigo had a lower root to shoot ratio compared to plants grown in Cumberland Plain Woodland soil. The nodulation of Australian Indigo did not differ between soil treatments, while that of Hickory Wattle responded positively to inoculation. Our results suggest that the addition of native soil biota may improve the outcomes of ecological restoration projects on a species‐specific basis.
Single‐species and multi‐species playbacks elicit asymmetrical responses within mixed‐species chickadee, titmouse, and nuthatch flocks
Authors: Brooks Heather J. B. , Freeberg Todd M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIndividuals join mixed‐species groups to gain benefits such as improved foraging and predator detection. Birds in the family Paridae often drive mixed‐species flocking in North America, and these species can act as community informants for forest‐wide eavesdropping networks. Although we know a great deal about how this communication functions in anti‐predator contexts, less is known about how the vocalizations of members of these flocks may affect the foraging behavior of potential flockmates. In this study, we presented naturally occurring mixed‐species flocks of chickadees, titmice, and nuthatches with one of four playback conditions: chickadee‐only calls, nuthatch‐only calls, calls of both species, and a silent control. We hypothesized that the flocks would be most responsive to playbacks that contained calls from more than one species. We also tested an alternative hypothesis that predicted that birds would be most responsive to the nuclear species within the flock (chickadees). We found that birds were more likely to arrive, and arrived more quickly, for the playbacks with calls from both species compared to playbacks of nuthatches alone or the silent control. Playbacks of chickadee calls alone attracted an intermediate number of birds, which did not differ significantly from the mixed‐species flock condition, or the nuthatch call alone condition. Our hypotheses were not supported due to the lack of significant difference between the mixed‐species playbacks and the chickadee playbacks. However, our findings do indicate that different species in these flocks can react differently to the calls of members of these flocks and that future studies may continue to find asymmetries in attraction to these different social signals.
Alterations of circulating free fatty acids in patients with pemphigus vulgaris
Authors: Maglie Roberto , Baldi Simone , Nannini Giulia , Di Gloria Leandro , Pallecchi Marco , Bartolucci Gianluca , Ramazzotti Matteo , Niccolai Elena , Baffa Maria Efenesia , Camilla Biagioni , Solimani Farzan , Antiga Emiliano , Amedei Amedeo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFree fatty acids (FFA) have gained research interest owing to their functions in both local and systemic immune regulation. Changes in the serum levels of anti‐inflammatory short chain fatty acids (SCFA), primarily derived from the gut microbiota, and pro‐inflammatory medium (MCFA) and long (LCFA) chain fatty acids, derived from either the gut microbiota or the diet, have been associated with autoimmunity. Circulating FFA were retrospectively analysed by a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry method in the serum of 18 patients with pemphigus vulgaris (PV) at the baseline and 6 months (n = 10) after immunosuppressive treatments, and 18 healthy controls (HC). Circulating FFA were correlated with the Pemphigus Disease Area Index (PDAI) and serum concentrations of interferon‐gamma (IFN‐γ), Interleukin (IL)‐17A, IL‐5, IL‐10 and IL‐21. Principal Component analysis computed on FFA abundances revealed significant differences in the profile of SCFA (p = 0,012), MCFA (p = 0.00015) and LCFA (p = 0,035) between PV patients and HC, which were not significantly changed by immunosuppressive treatments. PV patients showed a significantly lower serum concentration of propionic (p < 0.0005) and butyric (p < 0.0005) acids, SCFA with anti‐inflammatory functions, while hexanoic (p < 0.0005) and hexadecanoic (p = 0.0006) acids, pro‐inflammatory MCFA and LCFA respectively, were over‐represented. Treatments induced a significant decrease of hexanoic (p = 0.035) and a further increase of hexadecanoic (p = 0.046) acids. Positive correlations emerged between IFN‐γ and acetic acid (Rho = 0.60), IFN‐γ and hexanoic acid (Rho = 0.46), IL‐5 and both hexadecanoic acid (Rho = 0.50) and octadecanoic acid (Rho = 0.53), butyric acid and PDAI (Rho = 0.53). PV was associated with a remarked imbalance of circulating FFA compared to HC. The serum alterations of SCFA, MCFA, and LCFA may contribute to promoting inflammation in PV. Deeper insights into the immunomodulatory functions of these molecules may pave the way for personalized dietary interventions in PV patients.
Extracting the explore‐exploit intelligence of Physarum to manage the sustainability of an enterprise network
Authors: Habib Sami J. , Marimuthu Paulvanna Nayaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, we enhance the sustainability of an enterprise network (EN) by complementing it with an expert system that apprehends the explore‐exploit behavioural intelligence of Physarum to survive against the attractive‐adversarial nutritional environment. EN sustainability is dynamic since it depends on how well EN can react to an adversarial environment. We capture a reverse analogy to characterize EN's workload‐environment with Physarum's nutritive‐environment, where the high volume of workloads at the backbone network corresponds to a poor‐nutrient environment. The expert system explores EN to find out how to manage the workloads as Physarum handles its survivability, and exploits the users' workload patterns by grouping the highly communicating users together to redesign the network structure as Physarum's intelligence to exploit energy from rich‐ and poor‐nutrient food sources through redesigned tubular structures. We define two factors, such as nutrient‐intensity and chemo‐attractant to aid the redesign process. EN evolves through a set of redesigned clusters with an objective function to maximize its sustainability for a given set of explored workloads by minimizing the workloads through the backbone. EN evolution terminates when there is no change in the backbone utilization, resembling the organism's stay in a dormant state until it experiences a favourable environment. Our experimental results on an EN with a higher volume of workloads at the backbone producing 14.26 kWh energy consumption demonstrated that the developed expert system reduced the energy consumption to 11.27 kWh, thus enhanced the sustainability from 21% to 61%.
Metalimnion as an ecotone in stratified freshwater lakes: A case study on benthic testate amoebae in Lake Valdayskoe
Authors: Sysoev Vlad V. , Seleznev Dmitry G. , Reshetnikov Fedor Y. , Zakonnov Viktor V. , Tikhonenkov Denis V. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Testate amoebae are widely used as bioindicators in the study of modern ecotopes and as proxies in palaeoecological reconstructions of lacustrine environments. The metalimnion with thermocline in stratified water bodies strongly affects the species structure of a number of aquatic animals and often plays a role as an ecotone for pelagic animals, but our knowledge on the influence of the metalinmion on benthic organisms, especially on testate amoebae, is still limited.

This study aims to describe the influence of the metalimnion and its thermocline on benthic testate amoebae assemblages along a temperature gradient in the stratified freshwater Lake Valdayskoe. Twenty‐eight samples from nine sites were collected along the transect starting in the littoral zone, passing through a long metalimnion and its thermocline and finishing in the hypolimnion on the bottom slope.

We identified four species assemblages, six non‐attributed samples and five morphotrait compositions in the transect, including those corresponding to the area inside the metalimnetic zone. We observed similarities in the transitions in benthic species assemblages, morphotype compositions, and species and morphotrait structures from shallow to deep water, and two shifts corresponded well with the upper and lower limnological boundaries of the metalimnion. The combination of the observed biological and hydrological characteristics suggests that the metalimnion plays a role of an ecotone between shallow and deep water in stratified freshwater lakes, and maintains the integrity and sustainability of benthic communities of testate amoebae.

We explored a multivariate approach to demonstrate that the combination of highly abundant species and dominant morphotypes may be an efficient indicator of related environmental conditions. Thus, the high abundances of Cylindrifflugia acuminata, Centropyxis aculeata, Difflugia lacustris, D. linearis and C. discoides in combination with the dominance of elongate‐spiky and flattened‐spiky shells are closely related to the littoral zone with sandy sediments covered by many macrophytes. The combination of a high abundance of D. petricola and D. penardi, and the dominance of pyriform, necked and oval shells are closely related to deep depth.

The studied species and morphotrait transition from littoral to deep water provides additional information about the morphological adaptations of testaceans, and about the processes of forming and maintaining benthic testate amoebae assemblages along the depth gradient. The described species and morphotrait assemblages related to specific water depths may be useful for palaeoreconstructions.
Denitrification dominates dissimilatory nitrate reduction across global natural ecosystems
Authors: Deng Danli , He Gang , Ding Bangjing , Liu Wenzhi , Yang Zhengjian , Ma Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDenitrification, anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox), and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA) are three competing processes of microbial nitrate reduction that determine the degree of ecosystem nitrogen (N) loss versus recycling. However, the global patterns and drivers of relative contributions of these N cycling processes to soil or sediment nitrate reduction remain unknown, limiting our understanding of the global N balance and management. Here, we compiled a global dataset of 1570 observations from a wide range of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We found that denitrification contributed up to 66.1% of total nitrate reduction globally, being significantly greater in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Anammox and DNRA could account for 12.7% and 21.2% of total nitrate reduction, respectively. The contribution of denitrification to nitrate reduction increased with longitude, while the contribution of anammox and DNRA decreased. The local environmental factors controlling the relative contributions of the three N cycling processes to nitrate reduction included the concentrations of soil organic carbon, ammonium, nitrate, and ferrous iron. Our results underline the dominant role of denitrification over anammox and DNRA in ecosystem nitrate transformation, which is crucial to improving the current global soil N cycle model and achieving sustainable N management.
Neighbors with benefits: How politicians' local ties generate positive externalities when bureaucratic oversight is limited
Authors: Kovarek Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExisting literature suggests bureaucrats shirk when political oversight is limited or inefficient. When civil servants engage in multitasking, elected office holders have neither the capacity nor the incentives to monitor bureaucrat–citizen interactions. I argue that under such circumstances, public servants prioritize responding to local anomalies which are located in the immediate vicinity of politicians. Using a novel dataset on geolocated citizen problem reports from 40 urban municipalities in Hungary (N = 24,149), matched against addresses of mayors, I find that proximity to mayors' domiciles is associated with more prompt responses from authorities. Results suggest politicians' local roots generate positive externalities for their neighbors, as civil servants are incentivized to put those reports on the back burner which are the most invisible for their political principals. Further analyses suggest response speed is also positively associated with incumbent mayors' re‐election chances. The findings refine our understanding on political oversight of bureaucrats and voters' expectations about likely behavior of locally embedded civil servants.