bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between COVID-19 Vaccination Status and Comorbidities of COVID-19 Patients Admitted at a Tertiary Medical College in Calicut District, Kerala
Authors: Dabas Pratibha , Harsha P. V. , Henry Sneha , Binub Kanniyan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 is a pivotal step in stopping the global pandemic. Knowledge regarding the relationship of vaccination status among comorbid COVID-19 patients would definitely provide more information.

Objectives:
The objective was to study the proportion of vaccination status among COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary medical college at Calicut district and to study the association of vaccination status with independent risk factors among COVID-19 patients admitted in a tertiary medical college at Calicut district, Kerala.

Materials and Methods:
A cross-sectional study was done among COVID-19 patients admitted to a tertiary medical college. The sample size calculated was 202 and the sampling technique used was consecutive sampling. The data analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.

Results:
In this study, the proportion of vaccination status among admitted COVID-19 patients was 65.8%. Sociodemographic variables comprising age, gender, religion, education, occupation, and per capita income were tested for association with the dependent variable. To socioeconomic classification, the upper middle-class group was associated with high vaccination status compared to other groups and the results were statistically significant. The relationship between vaccination status and comorbidities was tested and it found those patients who had no prior exposure to COVID-19 on anticoagulant therapy compared to the prior exposure group to anticoagulant therapy were associated with high vaccination status and the results were statistically significant.

Conclusion and Recommendation:
The present study shows that only 65% had taken COVID-19 vaccines previously. There should be further studies to know the reasons for barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination program.
Platelet-rich Fibrin – A Narrative Review
Authors: Shanmugam Shankar , Iyer Shankar , Althaf Syed Khalid , Ariff Mohmmad Akmal , Yasin M. Mohamed , Murali Kruthika , Areekat Mohammed , Mehthaf Ayisha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Platelets play a crucial role in the hemostasis and wound healing process. Platelets synthesize growth factors that activate cells such as fibroblasts, macrophages, and mesenchymal cells which are trapped within the fibrin matrix and promote wound healing. Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) contains a human blood protein and it is composed of a tetra molecular structure with cytokines, platelets, and stem cells which act as biodegradable scaffold tissue regenerating cells. PRF is a healing biomaterial with no inflammatory reactions which can be used alone or in combination with bone grafts. This platelet gel has advantages such as promoting wound healing, bone growth and maturation, and hemostasis, and it can also be used as a membrane. PRF membrane can be used in oral, maxillofacial, ear, nose, throat, and plastic surgery. In dentistry, the biggest advantage of PRF as a membrane is that it is both autologous in nature and can be prepared chairside.
Case Report on Allergic Contact Stomatitis: A Public Health Dentist’s Point of View
Authors: Sundararajan Shanmathi , Shavi Girish R. , Shanmugam Shankar , Gunasekaran Lalithambigai , Sennan Senthilkumar , Manoharan Prarthana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Oral mucosa is the mucus membrane that lines the oral cavity. The oral cavity is constantly being exposed to many stimuli which can irritate the oral mucosa leading to a variety of hyperplastic reactions. Allergic contact stomatitis is a common condition that occurs nowadays due to different food items with more flavoring agents added for taste. All these can have an effect on the oral mucosa which people do not notice until it becomes severe. Clinical examination with proper diagnosis and treatment can prevent the condition and recurrence. A student aged 27-year-old presented with allergic contact stomatitis where erythematous lesions were found in nonkeratinized mucosa. History revealed that there were no previous episodes of the similar lesion and it was treated using antihistamines and mouthwash.
Psychometric analysis of Marathi version of an updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N43)
Authors: Waghmare Chaitali M. , Pawar Hemant J. , Bhalwar Rajvir , Thakur Pradeep Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
The aim of this study was to perform a psychometric analysis of the Marathi version of an updated European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Head and Neck Module (EORTC QLQ-H&N43) in patients of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Material and Methods:
After an institutional ethics committee approval and linguistic validation, the Marathi version of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 was served to consecutive eligible, Marathi-speaking HNSCC patients of oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx, registered from August 2019 to March 2021 and who consented to the study. Performance status scale was used for perceptive assessment of organ function. Psychometric analysis was performed using SYSTAT v. 12 (Cranes software, Bengaluru).

Results:
A total of 129 patients participated in the study with a median age of 67 years and the man-to-woman ratio of 100:29. The commonest sub-site reported was the oral cavity (61.24%) and the majority were in stage IV disease (69.76%). Ninety patients completed the questionnaire before being started on active oncology treatment at our center. 39 patients completed the questionnaire at pre-treatment and first follow-up. The questionnaire was filled on their own (module) by 32.55% of patients while 67.44% of patients required some kind of assistance (schedule). Internal consistency was moderate to high. The criterion and construct validities were acceptable. The questionnaire was sensitive to change with stage and time. No significant difference was observed in module versus schedule subgroup except for 2 out of 19 item-scales.

Conclusion:
Marathi translation of EORTC QLQ-H&N43 is a sensitive, reliable and valid tool when applied to patients of HNSCC. It can be considered as a schedule.
Effectiveness of Oral Semaglutide in Weight Loss and Glycemic Control among Type 2 Diabetes Population: A Real-world Longitudinal Study
Authors: Kesavadev Jothydev , Ashik Asha , Yasmin Shahana , Raj K Sourav , Krishnan Gopika , Basanth Anjana , Shankar Arun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Oral semaglutide is a drug belonging to the class of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists which is known for its ability to maintain glycemic levels while reducing weight and lowering the risk of cardiovascular events. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of oral semaglutide by using real-world data from South Asia (India).

Materials and Methods:
The study is a real-world longitudinal study, and the data for the study were extracted from electronic medical records of a comprehensive diabetes center in Kerala. The primary outcome variables were measured at the baseline and at 6 months. The subjects who had data from March 2022 to July 2023 were included in the study while those with no follow-up data were excluded. The sample size was calculated as 52 using the sample size formula for the comparison of two dependent groups with a quantitative outcome. All the analyses were carried out at a level of significance of 5% using R version 4.3.1.

Results:
The clinical characteristics such as weight, systolic blood pressure, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase/aspartate aminotransferase were found to have a significant difference between the baseline and endpoint (P < 0.05). The mean absolute difference between the baseline and endpoint hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was found to be 0.65% (P < 0.001), and for body mass index (BMI), it was found to be 1.69 kg/m2 (P < 0.001). The baseline HbA1c and BMI were found to be significantly associated with the change in HbA1c and BMI, respectively (P < 0.05).

Conclusion:
This study is one of the first real-world studies conducted in South Asia (India) that explores the effectiveness of oral semaglutide. The study showed that the usage of oral semaglutide induced a significant reduction of weight and HbA1c among people with type 2 diabetes. Addressing the limitations can bring new insights into the diabetes management paradigm.
Prevalence of Adverse Events of Pneumococcal and Influenza Vaccines among People with Diabetes
Authors: Shankar Arun , Kesavadev Jothydev , David Ashwin , Ashik Asha , Unes Yaseen , Naina Junaid , Krishnan Gopika , Chandran Vysakh , Jothydev Sunitha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
People with diabetes have an increased risk of contracting influenza and pneumonia compared to healthy individuals. In addition, people with diabetes often have comorbidities that increase this risk. Vaccinations are an effective prophylaxis against these infections. The overall vaccination status is still low due to the fear of adverse events. Hence, it is important to analyze the risk of adverse vaccination events. The study aims to find the adverse events and tolerance of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines among people with diabetes who visited a tertiary diabetes care center.

Methods:
The study is a retrospective analysis of 5423 people with diabetes who received routine influenza and pneumococcal vaccinations. Postvaccination adverse events were collected from Diabetes Tele Management System®. Analysis was carried out using R program version 4.3.2 at a level of significance of 5%.

Results:
Among 5423 study participants, 2459 (45.34%) received the pneumococcal vaccine, while 2964 (54.65%) received the influenza vaccine. The majority of vaccine recipients, 3591 (66.21%), were male. Among the 2459 people who received the pneumococcal vaccine, 3.17% reported adverse events. Among the influenza group, 8.22% of people reported adverse events. Common adverse events experienced by the pneumococcal group included body pain, fever, tiredness, and pain at the injection site. The influenza group experienced cough, throat pain, sneezing, and asthma. These adverse events were treatable and self-limiting.

Conclusion:
The pneumococcal and influenza vaccinations were well tolerated by people with diabetes. A very small population reported adverse events, which were self-limiting, and treatable, resulting in a rapid recovery. Vaccinations are, therefore, highly recommended among people with diabetes and must be a part of their routine diabetes care. Vaccination is important to prevent infections and their complications.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Disease That Bites Joints but Can Also Lick Hearing
Authors: Singh Girraj , Pandit Ankush , Swami Gautam , Patel Nikheel 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology, is a chronic polyarthritic condition. Hearing loss (HL) among RA patients is a common finding (prevalence of 60%–62%) with conductive HL (CHL) being more common than sensorineural HL (SNHL).

Objectives:
The present study was conducted in this context as an attempt (i) to find the prevalence of HL among RA patients, (ii) to assess the type of HL in RA patients, and (iii) to find any correlation between duration of illness, gender, and age of patients.

Materials and Methods:
This was a case–control study which included 25 RA patients and 25 normal controls. All subjects underwent complete clinical examination and audiological evaluation which included pure-tone audiometry (PTA), tympanometry, and acoustic reflex.

Results:
Out of 25 cases, 66% had HL (CHL - 50% and SNHL - 16%) while 34% had normal hearing. On tympanometry, 9 out of 25 cases showed as type of curve while the remaining 16 had A type on the right side. On the left side, 7 out of 25 cases showed as type of curve and 18 had A type. Acoustic reflex was absent in 15, delayed in 3, and present in 7 on the right side. On the left, it was absent in 12, delayed in 4, and present in 8. All the controls had normal hearing threshold (<25 dB), A-type tympanogram, and acoustic reflex present in both ears.

Conclusion:
This study indicates that a large number of RA patients are destined to have ear involvement. Hence, auditory screening using PTA should be done routinely in RA patients and early diagnosis of these patients can help in better rehabilitation.
Audiologists’ Perception of Hearing and Balance Health-care Resources and Services in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Elbeltagy Reem , Almutairi Dima , Alotaibi Abeer , Almutairi Sarah , Alburaidi Rahaf , Alosaimi Sara , Alshehri Joud 
Published: March 2024

Background:Hearing loss and balance disorders are the most commonly diagnosed health conditions. The prevalence of these conditions is on the rise as the population ages and diagnostic and treatment technologies become more advanced. The health-care system still struggles to meet many nations’ needs due to insufficient resources and services. The objective of the study was to evaluate audiologists’ perceptions of hearing and balance health-care resources and services in Saudi Arabia’s public health system.Materials and Methods:A questionnaire survey was conducted through E-mail, social media, mobile phone, and face-to-face with audiologists across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, with the final sample consisting of 66 audiologists.Results:The majority (92.4%) of audiologists in Saudi Arabia indicated that the services are inadequate because their hospitals lack adequate hearing health-care resources to provide efficient audiology services to patients. Video head impulse test and automated auditory brain stem response were perceived as unavailable in most hospitals. In addition, audiologists reported that vestibular rehabilitation services, cochlear implants, and the number of clinics were limited.Conclusion:Great efforts should be made to develop audiovestibular services, which include enhancing practitioners’ vestibular knowledge by implementing more vestibular workshops; more vestibular clinics are needed to overcome the shortage of vestibular services; creating public awareness campaigns about vestibular and audiology; and hiring additional audiologists where needed within Saudi Arabia.
Effect of Short-term Yoga Training on Cervical and Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Healthy Adults
Authors: Apeksha Kumari , Shetty Hemanth Narayan , Bhargav Hemanth , Jasti Lakshmi Nishitha , Basavaraj Bharathi Murundi , Aparna T. H. , Revanna Nirmala 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:The present study aimed to assess the effect of practicing yoga on the functioning of sacculo-collic and utriculo-ocular pathways using cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP and oVEMP).Methods:A total of 10 healthy young adults aged 20–25 years participated in the study. Audiological evaluation including pure-tone audiometry, immittance, and otoacoustic emission, cVEMP, and oVEMP was done to ensure a normal functioning audio-vestibular system. Short-term yoga training was provided for all the participants for 10 days, spanning over 2 weeks. It was 1 h/session/day. The latency and peak-to-peak amplitude of cVEMP and oVEMP responses were noted and analyzed before and after yoga training.Results:Paired samplet-test results showed significantly better peak-to-peak amplitude of both cVEMP and oVEMP after short-term yoga training in healthy individuals. The latency of both cVEMP and oVEMP peaks did not show a significant difference before and after yoga training.Conclusion:Short-term yoga training positively affected the functioning of sacculo-collic and utriculo-ocular pathways, leading to enhanced cVEMP and oVEMP responses.
Benign Phyllodes Tumor of Axillary Tail USG and Elastography Evaluation with Histopathological Correlation
Authors: Reddy Gopidi Sai Nidhi , Phatak Suresh Vasant , Ganta Prashanthi , Vadlamudi Nagendra 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The axillary tail, also known as spencer’s tail or axillary process, is a continuation of tissue from the upper lateral quadrant of the breast that travels into the axilla through a foramen of Langer in the deep fascia. Axillary inflammation or lump is a typical clinical symptom that necessitates imaging evaluation. Since the axilla consists of lymph nodes as well as nonlymphatic tissue such as accessory breast tissue, skin, fat, muscles, nerves, and blood vessels, it has a wide variety of differential diagnoses. The radiologists should be well acquainted with axillary anatomy and imaging aspects of various axillary lesions. Here, we present a 35-year-old female with a right axillary lump which was suggestive of benign tumor on ultrasonography and was proven to be benign phyllodes tumor on histopathology.
Extraction of association rules based on the classical measure of intensity of involvement: application to mathematics didactics
Authors: Andrianarivony Fidy Heritiana , Cortella Anne , Salone Jean-Jacques , Durand-Guerrier Viviane , Raherinirina Angelo 
Published: March 2024

soumission à Episciences
This article proposes a method for extracting knowledge in association rules using the classical measure of implication intensity. We then applied our method to data from mathematics didactics studies. The aim of the didactic study was to identify the relationships between students' difficulties and skills when demonstrating a mathematical proposition formulated in French. The results of our study show that our methodology is effective in extracting interesting rules. In addition, the results of our didactic analysis showed the dependency between understanding a mathematical statement in French, competence in translating it formally and proving it.
Cet article propose une méthode pour extraire des connaissances en règles d’association en utilisant la mesure classique de l’intensité d’implication. Nous avons ensuite appliqué notre méthode dans des données issues de travaux en didactique des mathématiques. L’objectif de l’étude en didactique est de connaitre les relations entre les difficultés et les compétences des élèves lorsque ceux-ci démontrent une proposition mathématique formulée en langue française. Le résultat de notre étude nous a démontré que notre méthodologie est efficace pour extraire les règles intéressantes. De plus les résultats d’analyse didactique ont montré la dépendance entre compréhension d’un énoncé mathématique en français, compétence à le traduire formellement et à le prouver.
ANALISIS DAMPAK PERNIKAHAN DINI TERHADAP KEHIDUPAN KELUARGA DI DESA SUMBERKEDAWUNG KECAMATAN LECES KOTA PROBOLINGGO
Authors: Ahsandy Ramadhan Suardi  , Fida Imanuddin Abil 
Published: March 2024

Marriage at an early age has become a serious social concern in various societies. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the impact of early marriage on the dynamics of family life in that village. The research methodology involves surveys and structured interviews with several couples who got married at a young age. The research findings indicate that early marriage has complex effects on family life. While it can contribute to the formation of a strong family, early marriage also brings negative impacts such as family economic limitations, emotional immaturity of the partners, and higher health risks for both the mother and child. Factors such as education, employment, and social support play a key role in mitigating the negative impacts of early marriage. This study also proposes policy recommendations and intervention programs to enhance community understanding of the risks associated with early marriage and improve the quality of family life.
Keyword : Early Marriage; Impacts of Early Marriage; Dynamics of Family Life
PROBIOTICS FOR THE PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR-ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Chkhaidze Natia , Kherkheulidze Maia , Chkhaidze Ivane 
Published: March 2024

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is associated with a high rate of all-cause mortality and a prolonged duration of mechanical ventilation and intensive care unit stay. Ventilator associated pneumonia accounts for about half of all antibiotics given in the intensive care unit. Plenty of studies have assessed various kinds of prevention strategies, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions, to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia over the years. An emerging number of studies has assessed the non-antibiotic approaches for the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the last few years. One of the frequently used strategy is addition of probiotics in the preventive measures list. Regular consumption of probiotics can modulate immune responses and metabolic processes as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The strongest evidence in favor of probiotics lies in the prevention or treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis, acute infectious diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and infant colic. The beneficial effects of probiotics in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia were not yet entirely clarified. Multiple pieces of evidence indicate that the bacteria that populate the gut efficiently modulate the immune response. Treatment with probiotics have shown promising preliminary results to attenuate systemic inflammation, especially in postoperative infections and ventilation performance. This review aims to summarize latest data on the use probiotics to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia in critical care unit.
E CIGARETTES AND ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Veković Vesna , Živković Zorica 
Published: March 2024

Adolescent lung disease associated with vaping EVALI has attracted considerable attention in recent years, since 2019, when it emerged as a serious health problem that primarily affects young individuals who use e-cigarettes or vaping products.
While the exact cause and mechanism of action is still under investigation, the fact is that it is associated with the use of vaping products and the use of e-cigarettes that contain nicotine and other substances. Use can lead to severe lung damage, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, a life-threatening condition. EVALI has initiated numerous public health actions at local, national and international levels. Health organizations issue warnings about the potential risks of vaping, especially for young people, and recommend avoiding vaping products. In response to the EVALI epidemic, it is necessary to introduce regulatory measures regarding the safety and regulation of vaping products. These measures include stricter regulations on the sale and marketing of e-cigarettes and vaping liquids, as well as efforts to raise awareness of the potential risks associated with vaping.
Education and awareness campaigns have been launched to inform the public, especially adolescents and young adults, about the potential health risks of vaping. It is important for adolescents, parents, teachers and healthcare professionals to be informed about the risks associated with vaping and to promote healthy behaviors and strategies.