bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Can maternal antiphospholipid antibodies predict the birth of a small‐for‐gestational age child?
Authors: Schei Berit , Østensen Monika , Moen Torolf , Jacobsen Geir , Bakketeig Leiv S. 
Published: November 2007

Background. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the maternal level of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPA) measured by anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and fetal growth retardation (SGA).Methods. A nested case control design was carried out in a prospective cohort study of 1552 para I and para II women. The study group consisted of all 138 women who gave birth to a SGA‐child (defined as birthweight <10th percentile). A control group of 276 women was randomly selected from mothers of non‐SGA children. Levels of aPA were measured in banked sera drawn from the women in the 33rd week of pregnancy and compared between cases and controls.Results. There were 3 (2.5%) sera with aPA above 97.5 percentile among the cases and 3 (1.2%) among the controls. This difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion. Antiphospholipid antibody measurements obtained at 33 weeks of gestation cannot be used to assess the risk of birth of a small for gestational age infant among parous women.
A comparison between conventional and 24‐hour automatic blood pressure monitoring in hypertensive pregnancy
Authors: Olofsson Per , Persson Kristina 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To map the conformity between 24‐hour and conventional blood pressure (BP) monitoring (24BPM, CBPM) in pregnancy. Study design. Prospective comparative.Material and methods. A standardized single BP measurement and parallel 24BPM and CBPM were carried out in 99 women (125 recordings) hospitalized for hypertension.Results. Except for BP oscillation amplitude, corresponding variables correlated significantly between the methods. The mean systolic BP (SBP) was significantly higher with 24BPM compared with both CBPM (3.1 mmHg) and with the single BP measurement (4.6 mmHg). The mean diastolic BP (DBP) was significantly lower with 24BPM compared with CBPM (2.4 mmHg) and with the single measurement (2.7 mmHg). If a cut‐off at 140/90 mmHg had been used for the diagnosis of hypertension and with 24BPM as the golden standard, a false positive/negative diagnosis would have resulted in 35%/20% of cases with the single BP measurement, and in 24%/17% with CBPM.Conclusions. 24BPM and CBPM gave significantly correlated but different values of the BP. The differences were small in terms of absolute mm Hg values, but resulted in a high rate of false positive and false negative diagnoses of hypertension. 24BPM cannot substitute the traditional methods for BP monitoring in pregnancy unless a new definition of hypertension is established.
Does the intake of nuts and seeds alter the appearance of menarche?
Authors: Soriguer F. J. , Gonzalez‐Romero S. , Esteva I. , García‐arnés J. A. , Tinahones F. , de Adana M. S. Ruiz , Olveira G. , Mancha I. , Vazques F. 
Published: November 2007

Background. The nutritional state reportedly influences the age of menarche. In this work we investigated the potential relationship between the intake of various types of foods and the age of menarche, irrespective of body weight.Methods. An overall 777 schoolgirls of ages between 8 and 16 years from Benalmádena (Málaga, Spain) were subjected to a cross‐sectional study involving: the age of menarche as the dependent variable; and the weight, body mass index, skinfold thickness, food intake (estimated from weekly food frequency questionnaires), and age of menarche in the proband's mother and sisters as independent variables. Several models were developed in order to calculate the strength of association between the dependent variable (the presence or absence of menarche) and the independent variables.Results. The average age of menarche was 12.4 years. The intake of the various types of foods was not consistent between the different age groups. In girls of 12 or younger, the age of menarche was found to be related to weight: Odds ratio (OR)=7.06; (Confidence intervals (CI) = 2.80‐17.6). On inclusion of various foods groups, the OR rose to 49.89 (CI=40.85‐60.84). In girls over 12, the age of menarche was essentially related to the intake of nuts and seeds (OR = 0.71, CI=0.40‐0.98). Inclusion of other foods groups decreased the OR (OR = 0.34. CI =0.14‐0.39).Conclusions. Significant statistical relationship between intake of nuts and seeds and the age of menarche was found.
Effects of single and combined application of anti‐cancer drugs on cervical adenocarcinoma
Authors: Hara K. , Iwasaka T. , Matsuo N. , Nakao Y. , Yokoyama M. , Yamasaki F. , Mvula M. , Sugimori H. 
Published: November 2007

Background. Establishment of effective combination chemotherapy regimen for patients with an adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix has been long‐awaited because there has been no documentation concerning chemosensitivity of this tumor against conventional antitumor agents.Methods. To search for an effective combination regimen, 15 conventional antitumor drugs were tested for growth inhibitory effects on five different cervical adenocarcinoma cell lines. Results. Etoposide, mitomycin C, adriamycin, epirubicin, and vinblastine, were singularly effective. Effects of combination chemotherapy were also tested using the above five antitumor agents plus interferon‐γ. Etoposide, mitomycin C, and interferon‐γ were the most effective when given in combination.Conclusions. Combined treatment with the above three drugs seems worthy of consideration for clinical application.
Hemodynamic, hematological and hemorrheological evaluation of post‐term pregnancy
Authors: Battaglia Cesare , Artini Paolo G. , Ballestri Marco , Bonucchi Dario , Galli Paolo A. , Bencini Stefania , Genazzani Andrea P. 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To evaluate the hemorrheological modifications in post‐term pregnant women.Methods. Pregnant women (n=48) at >280 days' gestation, were tested on alternate days by nonstress test; ultrasound assessment of amniotic fluid volume, placental grading, hourly measurement of fetal urine production, and maternal fetal Doppler analysis. We further recorded maternal: plasma viscosimetry, red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelet count, mean platelet volume, fibrinogen, antithrombin III, creatinine, uric acid, plasma calcium. hPL, and estriol. We analyzed the last values obtained within 48 hours prior to delivery.Results. The subjects were divided into Group I (40 wks to 40 wks + 3 days; n=16); Group II (40 wks+4 days to 41 wks; n=16); Group III (>41 wks; n=16).The time‐averaged maximum velocity of the fetal descending thoracic aorta was lower at Doppler analysis in Group III (29.0±3.5 cm/s) than in Group I (34.0±4.3 cm/s; p<0.05). A decrease of the middle cerebral/umbilical pulsatility index ratio (1.75 in the Group I vs 1.52 in the Group III; p<0;05) was shown. Furthermore, the incidence of oligohydramnios; Grannum placental grade III; plasma viscosity and coagulation parameters were significantly higher in Group III patients. The plasma viscosity resulted positively correlated with uric acid, and inversely correlated with fibrinogen, antithrombin III and platelet number values. Conclusions. From the present data we conclude that post‐term pregnancy may mimic a mild ‘fetal growth restriction’.
Background factors and scoring systems in relation to pregnancy outcome after fertility surgery
Authors: Strandell Annika , Bryman Inger , Janson Per Olof , Thorburn Jane 
Published: November 2007

Background. A study was initiated to identify background factors, clinical features and pre‐operative scoring systems of importance for future selection of patients suitable for fertility surgery.Methods. Surgical procedures, background factors and scoring systems for tubal lesions and adnexal adhesions and risk factors for ectopic pregnancy were analyzed with respect to possible correlation to subsequent fertility in a retrospective study of 246 patients undergoing fertility surgery (adhesiolysis, salpingostomy, tubal anastomoses, implantation and myomectomy) between 1986 and 1990. Follow‐up periods varied between one to six years.Results. In 94% of cases a second look laparoscopy was performed. Adhesiolysis was done in 62%. The conception rate was 41.1%, the ectopic pregnancy rate was 14.6% and the delivery rate was 22.0%. Myomectomy procedures were most successful, with a delivery rate of 44.0% and no ectopic pregnancy. Previous ectopic pregnancy indicated a higher risk for recurrence, as did a high risk score for ectopic pregnancy. The extent of tubal damage was most relevant to subsequent fertility. Salpingostomies in women with mild or moderate tubal damage resulted in a delivery rate of 25.4% compared with those with severe damage (5.6%). No deliveries were seen after lysis of extensive adnexal adhesions.Conclusion. Adhesion formation is not negligible and a second look laparoscopy is recommended. Women with fibroids should always be considered for fertility surgery, not only because of high success rates, but also as an adjuvant to subsequent in vitro fertilization. Patients with previous ectopic pregnancy, extensive adhesions and unfavorable tubal scores should not be considered for surgery but referred for in vitro fertilization.
Treatment of vaginal recurrence in endometrial cancer
Authors: Møller Lars Alling , Engelholm Svend Aage 
Published: November 2007

Background. We have reviewed the literature concerning vaginal recurrence in endometrial cancer with emphasis on prognostics and therapeutic results. Compared to the overall outcome of recurrences (11‐17 per cent survive more than 3‐19 years) the survival rate of strictly vaginal recurrence appears significantly higher (up to 60‐70 per cent survive more than 5 years). However, the prognosis deteriorates significantly in cases where recurrences prove to be more widespread. Other factors towards predicting a poor outcome are high age, high stage, high grade, detection of papillary carcinoma, rapid recurrence, location to the lower part of vagina, large tumorsize, and previous radiation.Methods. Different methods of initial treatment and cross‐relations between most prognostic factors renders any ranking of prognostic factors almost impossible.Results. Standard treatment of vaginal recurrence including combined external and intra vaginal radiation used for decades have been unable to improve survival rate.Conclusion. We suggest a more individualized treatment based on exact delineation of the disease.
Conservative versus radical surgery for tubal pregnancy
Authors: Clausen Ingo 
Published: November 2007

Objective. The aim of this work was to analyse the fertility prognosis after conservative or radical surgery for tubal pregnancy.Data sources. Index Medicus was searched for all attainable literature on the subject. Methods of study selection. A total of 40 scientific publications through the latest 40 years were selected. For fulfilling the selection criterias the study design should appear clearly. Furthermore the rate of women obtaining intrauterine pregnancy and the rate of repeat ectopic pregnancy following radical or conservative tubal surgery was to be compared using 95% confidence limits. The results from each report were compared in four groups according to study design i.e. retrospective non‐comparing materials, retrospective comparing studies, prospective selected treatment series or prospective randomized comparing investigations. Data extraction and synthesis. Pooling the results from the retrospective noncomparing materials revealed that there was no significant difference in intrauterine pregnancy rates, i.e. 46% following conservative tubal surgery and 44% after radical surgery. The repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was 10% following conservative surgery and 15% after radical surgery. In the group of restrospective comparing studies only one of 15 materials could document a significant better intrauterine pregnancy rate after conservative tubal surgery than following radical treatment for tubal pregnancy. There were no differences either in this group in repeat ectopic pregnancy rates. Prospective investigations were almost exclusively represented by selected conservative treatment series. In these series the average intrauterine pregnancy rate was 57% and the repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was 13%.Conclusions. In studies on fertility after radical or conservative surgical treatment for tubal pregnancy no significant difference in intrauterine pregnancy rates or repeat ectopic pregnancy rates were found. Prospective selected treatment series demonstrated higher intrauterine pregnancy rates than retrospective studies. The repeat ectopic pregnancy rate was not raised in prospective series. No prospective randomised trial was found.
Effects of estradiol and interaction with progesterone or oxytocin on term human myometrial contractile activity
Authors: Fu Xin , Moberg Christian , Bäckström TorbjÖRn , Ulmsten Ulf 
Published: November 2007

Background. To investigate the effects of estradiol (E2) alone and in combination with progesterone or oxytocin on contractile activity of term human myometrium in vitro.Methods. Myometrial specimens were obtained from 24 term pregnant women not in labor who underwent elective cesarean. Biopsies were kept in ice‐cold and oxygenated Hepes buffer and buffer containing different hormonal solutions. The biopsies were dissected and mounted in tissue baths at 37d`C and isometric tension was recorded.Results. (1) Estradiol at 0.1 and 1 μg/mL increased the contractile frequency (p<0.01 for each), decreased the tonus (p<0.05 and p<0.01) and suppressed the activity area of contractions (p<0.05 and p<0.01) as compared to control. (2) No significant differences in frequency and activity area of contractions between strips superfused with E2 plus progesterone and progesterone alone were recorded. Myometrial tonus was decreased by 0.1 μg/mL or 1 μg/mL E2 plus progesterone as compared to progesterone alone (p<0.05 and p<0.01). (3) There were no significant differences in frequency between strips superfused with E2 plus oxytocin and oxytocin alone. Myometrial tonus was decreased by 0.1 μg/mL or 1 μg/mL E2 plus oxytocin as compared with oxytocin alone (p<0.05 and p<0.01). Estradiol at 0.1 μg/mL or 1 μg/mL plus oxytocin reduced the activity area of contractions compared to oxytocin (p<0.05 and p<0.01).Conclusions. These data suggest that E2 had both stimulatory and inhibitory effects on term human myometrial contractility and that E2 altered the myometrial response to progesterone and oxytocin mainly by decreasing tonus.
The relationship between psychological distress during pregnancy and birth weight for gestational age
Authors: Hedegaard Morten , Henriksen Tine Brink , Sabroe Svend , Secher Niels Jørgen 
Published: November 2007

Background. Fetal growth may be determined by genetic as well as environmental factors. Whether psychological distress during pregnancy influences fetal growth is a matter of debate.Material and methods. A prospective population‐based study with repeated measures of psychological distress (General Health Questionnaire) during pregnancy, based on the use of questionnaires. Danish speaking women with singleton pregnancies attending antenatal care between August 1, 1989 and September 30, 1991 were eligible to the study (n = 8719). Of these women 5868 women (67%) completed all questionnaires. The main outcome measure was fetal growth (assessed as birth weight for gestational age (continuous)) and birth weight below the 10th percentile of birth weight for gestational age (light for gestational age (LGA) (dichotonmus). Gestational age was calculated primarily from an early ultrasound scan. Confounders were controlled using multivariate statistical methods.Results. Birth weight for gestational age and risk of delivering a LGA baby were not associated with psychological distress, neither distress in 16th week nor in 30th week of pregnancy.Conclusion. To the extent that fetal growth can be explored at birth, the results indicate that psychological distress does not influence fetal growth.
Endocervical cell retrieval following excisional treatment of CIN
Authors: Urbaniak Krzysztof J. , Widjaja Andreas 
Published: November 2007

Background. The purpose of our study was to compare laser cone excision with large loop excision of the transformation zone with particular respect to the retrieval of endocervical cells on follow‐up cervical cytology.Methods. Retrospective analysis of case records of 368 women who had large loop excision of the transformation zone and 188 women who had laser cone excision for suspected CIN changes at Middlemore Hospital, Auckland.Results. The retrieval of endocervical cells on cervical cytology following large loop excision was 94.7% and 85.2% following laser cone excision. Laser cone excision was associated with a higher chance of normal follow‐up cervical cytology.Conclusions. The retrieval of endocervical cells was satisfactory following both large loop excision and laser cone excision. Laser cone excision is recommended with large or more severe lesions.
The prevalence of spontaneous endometriosis in the baboon (Papio anubis, Papio cynocephalus) increases with the duration of captivity
Authors: D'hooghe Thomas M. , Bambra Charanjit S. , De Jonge Inge , Lauweryns Johan M. , Koninckx Philippe R. 
Published: November 2007

Background. It is not known whether stress affects the prevalence of endometriosis in women. Baboons with spontaneous endometriosis may be interesting models to study the human disease. For baboons, living in captivity is a period of chronic stress without continuous exposure to pregnancy. This study was done to compare the prevalence of endometriosis between baboons recently captured in the wild and those living in captivity for several years. Methods. A diagnostic laparoscopy was performed for screening endometriosis and obtaining biopsies in 104 female baboons including animals that had been captured in the wild less than 1 year ago (n=52. Group I), primates that had been living in captivity for one to two years (n=30. Group II) and animals that had been captured for more than two years (n=22, Group III).Results. The prevalence of clinical and biopsy‐proven endometriosis in all baboons was 17% and 12%, respectively. Clinical endometriosis was found more frequently in group III (32%) than in group II(17%) or group I (11%). The prevalence of biopsy‐proven endometriosis was also significantly higher in group III (27%) than in groups I and II combined (8%, p=0.03). Conclusions. The results indicate that the prevalence of endometriosis increases with the time spent in captivity. This trend may be explained by more menstrual cycles uninterrupted by pregnancy in captive than in wild baboons, and possibly also by age‐related factors or by captivity‐associated stress.
Accuracy of the umbilical arteries Doppler flow velocity waveforms in detecting adverse perinatal outcomes in a high‐risk population
Authors: Todros Tullia , Ronco Guglielmo , Fianchino Ornella , Rosso Stefano , Gabrielli Sandro , Valsecchi Luca , Spagnolo Daniele , Acanfora Luisa , Biolcati Marilisa , Segnan Nereo , Pilu Gianluigi 
Published: November 2007

Objective. To define the accuracy of the umbilical artery Doppler flow velocity waveforms, according to different cut‐off values, in predicting adverse perinatal outcomes among fetuses at high risk of hypoxic complications.Subjects. Two hundred and sixty‐five pregnant women with diagnosis of small for gestational age fetus and/or pregnancy induced hypertension studied in four Italian ultrasound units. Methods. Prospective study. Serial Doppler ultrasound measurements of the umbilical artery were performed. Results were not available for clinical management. Cut‐off curves, corresponding to different age‐specific centiles of the pulsatility index distribution among pregnancies resulting in healthy newborns, regardless of birthweight, were computed by regression methods. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of such cut‐off curves, and of absent/reverse end‐diastolic flow, in predicting different adverse outcomes were estimated. The adverse outcomes were: perinatal or neonatal death (OUTCOME 1). Death or Apgar<7 at 5′ or need for admission to intensive care unit or other hypoxic related abnormalities (OUTCOME 2). Either OUTCOME 2 or birthweight<10th centile (OUTCOME 3). Both OUTCOME 2 and birthweight<10th centile (OUTCOME 4). Results. The best accuracy was in predicting OUTCOMES 1 and 4. Positive predictive value increased strongly with higher cut‐off curves while negative predictive value only decreased slightly. For absent/reverse end‐diastolic flow, negative predictive value and positive predictive value were respectively 94% and 39% for death, and 81% and 72% respectively for OUTCOME 2. For the 95th centile curve the corresponding figures were 96%, 33% and 84%, 67%. The 60th centile curve had a 85% and 74% sensitivity value for death and OUTCOME 2 respectively, but the corresponding positive predictive values were 18% and 40% only.Conclusions. The findings of an absent end diastolic flow or of pulsatility index values above the 95th centile curve strongly suggest it is time to deliver the fetus. The 60th centile curve is the most suitable to recognize fetuses at risk for abnormal outcome, but early delivery should be avoided because of its low positive predictive value.
Different responses of insulin, C‐peptide, and testosterone to an oral glucose tolerance test in two groups of women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Ke Wu Xiao , Shan Gu Qiu , Hua Su Yan 
Published: November 2007

Background. To further investigate the relationship between inappropriate gonadotropin. hyperinsulinemia and androgen excess.Methods. We divided women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) into two groups on the basis of LH/FSH (LH/FSH ≥3, Group 1. n=30: LH/FSH<3, Group 2, n=25) and measured the responses of insulin. C‐peptide (C‐P). C‐P/insulin (C‐1) and testosterone concentrations to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in these patients and 15 control subjects. Results. Significant positive correlations were found between basal LH and T (r‐0.58. p<0.05) in Group 1, and between fasting serum insulin and T (r=0.48. p<0.05) in Group 2. Although these patients had higher, delayed insulin and C‐P responses to OGTT than the control group, much greater insulin and C‐P levels and lower C/I values were found in Group 2. T concentrations decreased mildly during OGTT in Group 1 and the control, while they increased slightly in Group 2.Conclusion. Our data suggest that hyperinsulinemia in PCOS is due to a enhanced β‐cell secretion and an impaired hepatic clearance of this hormone, hyperandrogenism may be LH‐dependent in Group 1 and insulin‐dependent in Group 2.