bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A discrete logarithm problem over composite modulus
Authors: Murakami Yasuyuki , Kasahara Masao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecently, many applications of integer theory to cryptographic techniques have been observed. The discrete logarithm problem is one such case. Usually, the discrete logarithm problem is the determination of the logarithm for the given arbitrary element with a prime number as the modulus. However, the discrete logarithm problem can also be considered with a composite number as the modulus. It is anticipated that the discrete logarithm problem with a composite number as the modulus is a difficult problem if the prime factors of the composite number, which is used as the modulus, are unknown. Then the problem can be applied to the cryptography.In the general discrete logarithm problem with a composite number as the modulus, it is not always true that an arbitrary element has a logarithm. From such a viewpoint, this paper shows that the exponent of an arbitrary element belonging to the irreducible residue class with a composite number as the modulus has a logarithm. Then the necessary condition in the application to the cryptographic technique is presented.Finally, as an application example of the technique proposed in this paper, a cryptographic technique based on the discrete logarithm problem with the composite number as the modulus is shown.
Construction of arbitrary transfer functions with complex coefficients using wave digital filters
Authors: Morimoto Etsuo , Takahashi Shin‐Ichi , Takeuchi Hirokazu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes an extension of the real‐coefficient wave digital filter by Fettweis et al. (WDF) to the complex‐coefficient WDF (CWDF) as well as a construction method to realize an arbitrary complex‐coefficient transfer function.The first step of the proposed construction method is to synthesize the lossless reactance circuit containing the imaginary resistors (except for the input terminal) as an analog reference circuit by the continued‐fraction expansion.In this study, the LC ladder network containing imaginary resistors is synthesized as the reference network, realizing the denominator polynomial of the transfer function. Then the state‐variable representation is constructed and the numerator polynomial is realized by determining the tap coefficients to the external output, using the transform matrix.In this process, the reference network is transformed into WCDF, and the tap is formed considering the relation between incident/reflected waves and the terminal voltages. By this procedure, the required transfer function can be realized. Finally, the proposed method is compared to other construction methods and the low‐sensitivity property of the proposed method is demonstrated.
A simple construction for a family of collision‐intractable hash functions
Authors: Itoh Toshiya , Takeda Makoto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo design a reliable system, it is very important to protect data stored or transmitted from intentional forgery in communications network. As a practical means of protecting data or software, it is pointed out by Naor and Yung that a family of one‐way hash functions is useful and can be classified into a universal one‐way hash function family (UOHF) and a collision intractable one‐way hash function family (CIHF). The construction for a UOHF is possible under a weak assumption, i.e., one‐way functions exist. However, the construction for a CIHF is not known to be possible under such a weak assumption.This paper presents a simple construction for a CIHF that is based on the hardness of factoring large composite numbers. The idea on the construction here is completely different from those reported so far and can be expected to provide a theoretical breakthrough to the construction for a CIHF under a general assumption.
Design of 2‐D perfect reconstruction filter banks for arbitrary sampling lattices—design of 2‐D N‐th‐band digital filters
Authors: Ikehara Masaaki , Sawada Kiyoshi , Isobe Hiroyuki , Yamashita Akinobu , Kuroda Hideo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a design method of two‐dimensional (2‐D) perfect reconstruction filter banks for arbitrary sampling lattices. First, a design of 2‐D N‐th‐band digital filters with arbitrary sampling lattices is shown. Next, the relation between the sampling matrix and the number of paths is presented and the band‐limited region and the condition of delays are defined. From these conditions, the approximation problem is shown of the 2‐D allpass filter whose 2‐D N‐th‐band filter is composed and the characteristics of 2‐D N‐th‐band filters are explained. Then 2‐D analysis banks consist of 2‐D discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and 2‐D N‐th‐band filter which consists of some delays and 2‐D interpolated allpass networks. To achieve the perfect reconstruction, by evaluating the aliasing component matrix, it is shown that the synthesis banks can also be constructed the same as the analysis bank.
A study for new operator representation on the linear attenuation quantum channel
Authors: Osaki Masao , Nakagawa Masao , Hirota Osamu , Ojima Izumi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the area of quantum communication, a situation often arises in which the inner product between the input and output signal quantum states of the channel is not preserved. In this paper, such a quantum channel is treated as a conditional unitary process which is proposed by one of the authors. As a new operator representation to explain this process, the condition unitary operator is derived.Based on the definition of the conditional unitary process, a method is presented for constructing the conditional unitary operator. Next, it is shown that the energy attenuation process of which the analysis is indispensable in the area of quantum communication is a conditional unitary process for the coherent state as a representative input quantum state, photon number state, and squeezed state and that the process can be described by the conditional unitary operation derived by the present method.
A General Approach to the Synthesis of Substituted Isoxazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines via Chalcones
Authors: Madapa Sudharshan , Sridhar Divya , Yadav Gaya P. , Maulik Prakas R. , Batra Sanjay 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA general and practical approach to the synthesis of substituted isoxazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines from the substituted isoxazolines obtained by 1,3‐dipolar cycloadditions between2‐nitrobenzonitrile oxide and chalcones is described. SnCl2·2H2O‐mediated reduction of the nitro group, followed by intramolecular cyclization involving the amino and the keto groups in these substrates, furnished mixtures ofisoxazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines and 3,5‐dihydroisoxazolo[4,3‐c]quinolines. In contrast, the reduction of these substrates with Fe/AcOH unexpectedly yielded 3‐benzoylquinolin‐4‐ylamine derivatives.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
In Situ Generation of Nitroso Compounds from Catalytic Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidation of Primary Aromatic Amines and Their One‐Pot Use in Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: Zhao Dongbo , Johansson Mikael , Bäckvall Jan‐E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA method for in situ generation of nitroso compounds from organoselenium‐catalyzed oxidation of anilines by hydrogen peroxide was developed. The generated nitroso compounds were subsequently used in hetero‐Diels–Alder reactions. A variety of oxazines were synthesized in reasonable to good yields by this one‐pot procedure using primary aromatic amines with different substituents and various conjugated dienes. This strategy might facilitate the current methodologies for nitroso chemistry since no isolation or purification of the nitroso compounds is required. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
New Fully Portable Instrument for the Versatile Determination of Cations and Anions by Capillary Electrophoresis with Contactless Conductivity Detection
Authors: Kubáň Pavel , Nguyen Huong Thi Anh , Macka Mirek , Haddad Paul R. , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection was developed and optimized for the sensitive field measurements of ionic compounds in environmental samples. It is powered by batteries and the high voltage modules are capable of delivering up to 15 kV at either polarity for more than one working day. Inorganic cations and anions, including ions of heavy metals and arsenate, could be determined with detection limits in the range from about 0.2 to 1 μM. The instrument was field tested in a remote region of Tasmania and nitrite and ammonium could be determined on‐site at concentrations as low as 10 ppb in presence of other common inorganic ions at concentrations which were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude higher.
A high‐order triangular discontinuous Galerkin oceanic shallow water model
Authors: Giraldo F. X. , Warburton T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA high‐order triangular discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is applied to the two‐dimensional oceanic shallow water equations. The DG method can be characterized as the fusion of finite elements with finite volumes. This DG formulation uses high‐order Lagrange polynomials on the triangle using nodal sets up to 15th order. Both the area and boundary integrals are evaluated using order 2N Gauss cubature rules. The use of exact integration for the area integrals leads naturally to a full mass matrix; however, by using straight‐edged triangles we eliminate the mass matrix completely from the discrete equations. Besides obviating the need for a mass matrix, triangular elements offer other obvious advantages in the construction of oceanic shallow water models, specifically the ability to use unstructured grids in order to better represent the continental coastlines for use in tsunami modeling. In this
paper, we focus primarily on testing the discrete spatial operators by using six test cases—three of which have analytic solutions. The three tests having analytic solutions show that the high‐order triangular DG method exhibits exponential convergence. Furthermore, comparisons with a spectral element model show that the DG model is superior for all polynomial orders and test cases considered. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The period of hypotension following orthostatic challenge is prolonged in dementia with Lewy bodies
Authors: Andersson M. , Hansson O. , Minthon L. , Ballard C.G. , Londos E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectivesTo determine whether orthostatic hypotension (OH) is more common in patients with dementia than in older people without cognitive impairment and to identify key differences in the profile of the orthostatic response and the pulse drive during orthostatic challenge between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).MethodsThe orthostatic response was evaluated in 235 patients with AD, 52 patients with DLB and 62 elderly controls. The blood pressure and pulse rate were measured in supine position, immediately after standing up and after 1, 3, 5 and 10 min of standing. OH was defined as a reduction of systolic blood pressure (SBP) of at least 20 mm Hg or a reduction of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of at least 10 mm Hg.ResultsOH occurred in 69% of the DLB patients and in 42% of the AD patients, but only in 13% of the controls (p < 0.001 controls vs AD and controls vs DLB, p = 0.001 AD vs DLB) The DLB patients had a greater drop in SBP than the other study groups during orthostatic challenge and had a more prolonged period of orthostasis. The pulse drive on orthostatic challenge was similar in between groups. However, in the DLB group it was not adequate to restore the blood pressure to supine values.ConclusionsPatients with DLB react different to orthostatic challenge than patients with AD or controls, with important clinical implications for key disease symptoms and treatment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insomnia and daytime sleepiness in people with dementia residing in assisted living: findings from the Maryland Assisted Living Study
Authors: Rao Vani , Spiro Jennifer , Samus Quincy M. , Steele Cynthia , Baker Alva , Brandt Jason , Mayer Lawrence , Lyketsos Constantine G. , Rosenblatt Adam 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo estimate the frequency and correlates of insomnia and daytime sleepiness among people with dementia in AL facilities.MethodsParticipants were randomly selected from 22 different assisted living facilities in Maryland. A total of 124 dementia participants were included in the analysis. All participants were rated on an 11‐item sleep questionnaire regarding insomnia and daytime sleepiness.ResultsSleep disturbance was present in 59.2% of people with dementia. Of the total sample, 21.8% had insomnia only (IN); 21.6% had excessive daytime sleepiness only (DS); and 16.8% had both IN and DS. 40.8% had no sleep disturbance. IN and DS scores were not significantly associated with each other (r = 0.07, p = 0.43). Of those in the IN group, the majority had mild and moderate dementia and of those in the DS only group the majority had severe dementia. Those with IN only performed the best and DS only performed the worst on both cognitive measures (the Mini Mental State Examination) (F = 3.26, p = 0.014), and on physical measures (the physical subscale of the psychogeraitric dependency rating scale) (F = 6.09, p < 0.001). There was no significant difference between the groups on the Cornell scale for depression in dementia.ConclusionThe frequency of insomnia and daytime sleepiness in dementia subjects in AL is similar to that found in nursing homes. Daytime sleepiness is associated with poorer cognitive and day‐to‐day functioning. Effective management of DS may lead to improved functioning in the AL residents. Insomnia is associated with the best outcomes, even better than those with no sleep disturbance. This finding needs to be replicated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral sulfur‐containing structures: Selected synthetic and structural aspects
Authors: Drabowicz Józef , Zając Adrian , Krasowska Dorota , Bujnicki Bogdan , Dudziński Bogdan , Janicka Magdalena , Mikołajczyk Marian , Chmielewski Marek , Czarnocki Zbigniew , Gawroński Jacek , Polavarapu Prasad L. , Wieczorek Michał W , Marciniak Bernard , Sokołowska‐Różycka Ewa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSynthetic procedures applied for the preparation of a new diastereomerically pure sulfinate and amidosulfite and a few enantiomerically pure sulfinyl derivatives, including sulfoxides functionalized with a perfluorocumyl substituent, are presented. Attempts to polymerize optically active 2‐(3‐thienyl)ethyl p‐tolyl sulfoxide are also mentioned. Mechanistic and stereochemical aspects of the presented protocols are discussed. Structural studies, which include the X‐ray, circular dichroism, and vibrational circular dichroism‐‐based determinations of the absolute configurations at the stereogenic sulfur atoms and calculations of conformational equilibria for a few model sulfur‐containing compounds are also described. The use of optically active t‐butylphenylthiophosphinic acid as a chiral solvating agent is illustrated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:527–536, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20335
Fascinating organosulfur functionalities: Polychalcogens as diatomic sulfur sources
Authors: Zysman‐Colman Eli , Harpp David N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent work on the chemistry of dialkoxy disulfides is summarized. It includes various aspects of their structure and relationship to the isomeric thionosulfites as well as their use as diatomic sulfur precursors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 18:449–459, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20341
Thiosilanes in sulfur chemistry: A general approach to silyl thiaheterocycles and their use in stereoselective synthesis
Authors: Capperucci Antonella , Degl'Innocenti Alessandro , Pollicino Salvatore , Acciai Miriam , Castagnoli Giulio , Malesci Irene , Tiberi Caterina 
Published: July 2007

Abstract2‐Silyl five‐membered sulfurated heterocycles can be efficiently accessed through reaction of bromo(methoxy)methyl trimethylsilane with suitable β‐substituted mercaptans HS‐CH2CH2‐XH, leading to the formation of 2‐silyl‐1,3‐dithiols, 2‐silyl‐1,3‐thiazolidines, and 2‐silyl‐1,3‐oxathiolanes. β‐Mercaptoalcohols are obtained through regioselective ring opening of epoxides with bis(trimethylsilyl)sulfide (HMDST). In a similar way, thiiranes and aziridines react with HMDST, leading to the formation of 1,2‐dithiols and β‐aminothiols. Fluoride ion induced functionalization of the pentaatomic heterocycles smoothly affords the transfer of the heterocyclic ring on electrophiles, thus showing these silyl derivatives as a new class of acyl anion equivalents. When stereodefined compounds are reacted, the stereoinformation is transferred from the carbon–silicon to the newly formed carbon–carbon bond. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 18:516–526, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20345
A complex associative structure formed in the mammalian brain during acquisition of a simple visual discrimination task: Dorsolateral striatum, amygdala, and hippocampus
Authors: McDonald Robert J. , King Amy L. , Wasiak Tamara D. , Zelinski Erin L. , Hong Nancy S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA review of empirical evidence supporting the multiple memory systems view of the organization of learning and memory in the mammalian brain is presented as a powerful component of a broader foundation of basic scientific information necessary for understanding human behavior. However, it is argued that there are significant gaps in our knowledge about these different learning and memory systems, how they interact with one another, and how they interact with the rest of the brain. To demonstrate how little we know about these complex processes, this article reviews recent evidence showing the complexity of associative structure formed during the acquisition of a simple visual discrimination task. The results show that the dorsolateral striatum is necessary for the acquisition of this task but that both the amygdala and hippocampus incidentally acquire and store information during this training period. A new experiment is also presented showing that rats with complete or partial (dorsal vs. ventral) hippocampal lesions show a retrograde amnesic effect on the simple visual discrimination task despite the fact that these same lesions produce no impairment in the anterograde direction. Evidence is presented in support of one interpretation of this effect suggesting that the retrograde amnesia occurs, at least in part, because the hippocampus acquires a context‐specific inhibitory association during original training. Although this representation is not required for acquisition of the task in the anterograde direction, removal of this representation has a disruptive effect on expression of the task. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of human cytochrome p450 1b1 further clarifies its role in the activation of dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in cells in culture
Authors: Mahadevan Brinda , Luch Andreas , Atkin Jennifer , Haynes Melanie , Nguyen Tuan , Baird William M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMetabolic activation and DNA adduct formation of the carcinogenic aromatic hydrocarbon dibenzo{a,l}pyrene (DBP) was investigated in human mammary carcinoma MCF‐7 cells and human cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1B1‐expressing Chinese hamster V79 cells in culture. It has been shown that DBP is metabolically activated to DNA‐binding diol epoxides both in vitro and in vivo. To further establish the role of human CYP1B1 in the activation of DBP, both cell lines were cotreated with DBP and a selective chemical inhibitor of CYP1B1, 2,4,3′ ,5′‐tetramethoxy‐stilbene (TMS). Results from DBP–DNA adduct analyses revealed the complete inhibition of DNA binding when cells were cotreated with DBP and TMS in comparison to DBP alone. Inactivation of CYP1B1 by TMS was also demonstrated through a decrease in the 7‐ethoxyresorufin O‐deethylase (EROD) activity in microsomes isolated from these cells. Emodin, 3‐methyl‐1,6,8‐trihydroxyanthraquinone, an active ingredient of an herb, has been recently shown of being able to induce CYP1 gene expression. Examination of human CYP1B1 induction and EROD activity confirmed an increase in protein levels upon cotreatment with emodin and DBP. Despite increases in protein levels and enzyme activity, there was no significant change in DBP–DNA binding levels at very low substrate concentrations (17 nM). The data obtained in this study emphasize the central role of CYP1B1 in the activation of DBP in human cells in culture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:101–109, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20168
“Panic”: The impact of Le Bon's crowd psychology on U.S. military thought
Authors: Bendersky Joseph W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe controversial crowd psychology of Gustave Le Bon has been both praised as an incisive contribution to social theory and also condemned as a doctrine of irrationality and mass manipulation associated with fascism. New archival documentation now demonstrates that Le Bon exercised significant influence on U.S. military thinking and practice through World War II. Army writings and officer training on morale, leadership, and battlefield psychology rested substantially on his theory of crowds, particularly regarding races and panic. Le Bon's racial psychology took on additional importance when the African‐American 92nd Infantry Division panicked during combat in Italy. This new evidence offers an excellent case study of the direct and enduring impact of a peculiar type of social psychology on the institutional culture of the army from the classrooms at the Army War College to the battlefield itself. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Artifacts and pitfalls in MR imaging of the pelvis
Authors: Rafat Zand Khashayar , Reinhold Caroline , Haider Masoom A. , Nakai Asako , Rohoman Laurian , Maheshwari Sharad 
Published: July 2007

AbstractArtifacts are intimately intertwined with MRI. For the practicing radiologist, effective supervision, troubleshooting, and interpretation of diagnostic MR studies require a solid knowledge of the pertinent artifacts. This article seeks to familiarize the reader with commonly encountered artifacts and pitfalls in pelvic imaging, the mechanism behind their generation, and methods of minimizing their negative impact or maximizing their diagnostic yield. It also serves as an exciting tool to learn many aspects of basic and advanced MR physics. Artifacts are categorized into patient‐ and sequence‐related artifacts. Various manifestations of motion and vascular artifacts, susceptibility, altered tissue contrast, blurring, chemical shift artifact, volume averaging, and gadolinium (Gd) pseudolayering are explained, along with their proposed remedies. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.