bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charakterisierung interpartikulärer Kräfte für Fest/Flüssig‐Trennverfahren mittels Analytischer Zentrifugation
Authors: Sobisch T. , Lerche D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDas Verhalten von Dispersionen, gekennzeichnet durch Entmischungs‐, Fließ‐ und Packungsverhalten, wird durch Art und Stärke der interpartikulären Wechselwirkungskräfte bestimmt. Dies ist von grundlegender Bedeutung für die Anwendung von Dispersionen auf verschiedensten Gebieten aber auch für Fest/Flüssig‐Trennverfahren. Der folgende Beitrag berichtet über die Anwendung der Analytischen Zentrifugation zur Untersuchung der Kinetik und Polydispersität von Trennprozessen sowie des Packungs‐ und Kompressionsverhaltens am Beispiel polydisperser Feinstpartikelsuspensionen. Die Analytische Zentrifuge misst die lokalen und zeitlichen Änderungen der Transmission mittels STEP‐Verfahren. Innerhalb der untersuchten Feinstpartikelsuspensionen variiert der Grad der Partikelwechselwirkung von repulsiv bis stark attraktiv und deckt somit den gesamten Bereich typischer Trennaufgaben ab. Die Charakteristik der Trennprozesse (Einzelkorn‐ oder Zonensedimentation, freie oder behinderte Sedimentation, Konsolidierungsverhalten, Polydispersität) lässt sich aus der Form und dem Verlauf der gemessenen Transmissionsprofile bestimmen. Repulsive Partikelwechselwirkungen führen zu einem polydispersen Sedimentationsverhalten, d. h. die Teilchen sedimentieren mit unterschiedlicher Geschwindigkeit entsprechend ihrer Größe. Im Fall stark attraktiver Wechselwirkungen bewegen sich insbesondere bei hohen Volumenkonzentrationen alle Partikel gemeinsam mit dergleichen Geschwindigkeit. Wenn nur schwache Anziehungskräfte wirken, bildet sich eine Sedimentationsfront, die den Großteil der Partikel einschließt, ein Teil der kleineren Partikel zeigt aber weiterhin polydisperses Sedimentationsverhalten. Die erzielbare Packungsdichte wird gleichfalls durch die Stärke der Partikelwechselwirkungen bestimmt. Aus technologischer Sicht steht die Packungsdichte im direkten Zusammenhang mit der Entwässerbarkeit bzw. dem Entfeuchtungsverhalten sowie der Redispergierbarkeit. Für kolloidchemisch stabile Dispersionen (repulsive Wechselwirkungen) werden auch bei relativ geringer Zentrifugalbeschleunigung hohe Packungsdichten erreicht, die Sedimente sind nahezu inkompressibel. Bei polydispersen Systemen tritt in diesem Fall Partikelsegregation auf. Mit Zunahme der Anziehungskräfte zwischen den Teilchen ist ausgeprägtes Kompressionsverhalten zu beobachten, die Packungsdichte ist stark vom ausgeübten Zentrifugaldruck abhängig. Bei stark geflockten Systemen werden selbst bei sehr hohen Drücken nur moderate Entfeuchtungsgrade erzielt.
Expression of the nuclear export protein chromosomal region maintenance/exportin 1/Xpo1 is a prognostic factor in human ovarian cancer
Authors: Noske Aurelia , Weichert Wilko , Niesporek Silvia , Röske Annika , Buckendahl Ann‐Christin , Koch Ines , Sehouli Jalid , Dietel Manfred , Denkert Carsten 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe human nuclear export protein chromosomal region maintenance/exportin 1/Xpo1 (CRM1) mediates the nuclear export of proteins and messenger RNAs and, thus, is an important regulator of subcellular distribution of key molecules. Whereas cell‐biologic studies have suggested a fundamental role for CRM1 in the regulation of mitosis, the expression of this protein in human tumor tissue has not been investigated to date.METHODSIn this study, the expression of CRM1 was analyzed in a cohort of 88 ovarian tumors and 12 ovarian cell lines for the first time to the authors' knowledge.RESULTSImmunohistochemistry revealed increased nuclear (52.7%) and cytoplasmic (56.8%) expression of CRM1 in 74 carcinomas compared with the expression revealed in borderline tumors and benign lesions. Similarly, CRM1 expression was increased in ovarian cancer cell lines compared with human ovarian surface epithelial cells. Cytoplasmic CRM1 expression was related significantly to advanced tumor stage (P = .043), poorly differentiated carcinomas (P = .011), and higher mitotic rate (P = .008). Nuclear CRM1 was associated significantly with cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) expression (P = .002) and poor overall survival (P = .01). Because it was demonstrated previously that blocking of CRM1 by leptomycin B (LMB) contributes to the inhibition of nuclear export, the authors used a set of mechanistic assays to study the effects of CRM1 inhibition in cancer cells. Treatment of OVCAR‐3 cells with LMB revealed a significant reduction of cell proliferation and increased apoptosis as well as suppressed interleukin‐1β‐induced COX‐2 expression.CONCLUSIONSThe current results indicated that CRM1 is expressed in a subpopulation of ovarian carcinomas with aggressive behavior and is related to poor patient outcome. A correlation also was demonstrated between CRM1 and COX‐2 expression in ovarian cancer tissue. Furthermore, the treatment of ovarian cancer cells with LMB revealed a reduction in COX‐2 expression. Therefore, the authors suggest that CRM1 may be an interesting biomarker for the assessment of patient prognosis and a molecular target for anticancer treatment. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Age and gender are significant independent predictors of survival in primary cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Lasithiotakis Konstantinos , Leiter Ulrike , Meier Friedegund , Eigentler Thomas , Metzler Gizela , Moehrle Matthias , Breuninger Helmut , Garbe Claus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe aim was to identify age‐ related and gender‐related differences in the clinical presentation and outcome of patients with primary cutaneous melanoma (CM).METHODSA total of 4785 CM patients without clinical evidence of metastasis diagnosed during the period 1976–2001 in southern Germany included in the analysis. Kaplan‐Meier analyses were performed to estimate and to compare disease‐specific survival (DSS) and survival after first recurrence (SAR). The Cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the effect of multiple variables on DSS and SAR.RESULTSIncreasing age and male gender were independently associated with thicker tumors (>2 mm) and histologic ulceration (P < .001). Patients older than 65 years had lower 10‐year DSS than younger patients (81.8% vs 88.4%, P < .001) and this difference was more pronounced in women (P < .001) than in men (P = .06). Males had lower 10‐year DSS than females (83.5% vs 88.5%, P < .001) but this difference did not reach statistical significance in patients older than 65 years (P = .162). In multivariate analysis adjusted for tumor thickness, ulceration, anatomic site, histologic subtype, DSS, site of first recurrence, time trend, sentinel lymph node status, age, and gender were independent predictors of DSS and SAR (P < .05).CONCLUSIONSOlder age and male gender are associated with prognostically unfavorable primary CM. Expansion of current preventive strategies to target these subgroups is warranted. Moreover, age and gender are independent predictors of the outcome of CM patients. Females have a better prognosis than males but this difference disappears after the age of 65. Younger patients have a more favorable prognosis than older patients, a difference more pronounced in women. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Moderators of the effects of exercise training in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Authors: Courneya Kerry S. , McKenzie Donald C. , Mackey John R. , Gelmon Karen , Reid Robert D. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Ladha Aliya B. , Proulx Caroline , Vallance Jeffrey K. , Lane Kirstin , Yasui Yutaka , Segal Roanne J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDExercise training improves supportive care outcomes in patients with breast cancer who are receiving adjuvant therapy, but the responses are heterogeneous. In this study, the authors examined personal and clinical factors that may predict exercise training responses.METHODSBreast cancer patients who were initiating adjuvant chemotherapy (N = 242) were assigned randomly to receive usual care (UC) (n = 82), resistance exercise training (RET) (n = 82), or aerobic exercise training (AET) (n = 78) for the duration of chemotherapy. Endpoints were quality of life (QoL), aerobic fitness, muscular strength, lean body mass, and body fat. Moderators were patient preference for group assignment, marital status, age, disease stage, and chemotherapy regimen.RESULTSAdjusted linear mixed‐model analyses demonstrated that patient preference moderated QoL response (P= .005). Patients who preferred RET improved QoL when they were assigned to receive RET compared with UC (mean difference, 16.5; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 4.3–28.7;P= .008) or AET (mean difference, 11; 95% CI, −1.1–23.4;P= .076). Patients who had no preference had improved QoL when they were assigned to receive AET compared with RET (mean difference, 23; 95% CI, 4.9–41;P= .014). Marital status also moderated QoL response (P= .026), age moderated aerobic fitness response (P= .029), chemotherapy regimen moderated strength gain (P= .009), and disease stage moderated both lean body mass gain (P< .001) and fat loss (P= .059). Unmarried, younger patients who were receiving nontaxane‐based therapies and had more advanced disease stage experienced better outcomes. The findings were not explained by differences in adherence.CONCLUSIONSPatient preference, demographic variables, and medical variables moderated the effects of exercise training in breast cancer patients who were receiving chemotherapy. If replicated, these results may inform clinical practice. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Comparative study of brain morphology in Mecp2 mutant mouse models of Rett syndrome
Authors: Belichenko Nadia P. , Belichenko Pavel V. , Li Hong Hua , Mobley William C. , Francke Uta 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRett syndrome (RTT) is caused by mutations in the X‐linked gene MECP2. While patients with RTT show widespread changes in brain function, relatively few studies document changes in brain structure and none examine in detail whether mutations causing more severe clinical phenotypes are linked to more marked changes in brain structure. To study the influence of MeCP2‐deficiency on the morphology of brain areas and axonal bundles, we carried out an extensive morphometric study of two Mecp2‐mutant mouse models (Mecp2B and Mecp2J) of RTT. Compared to wildtype littermates, striking changes included reduced brain weight (≈13% and ≈9%) and the volumes of cortex (≈11% and ≈7%), hippocampus (both by ≈8%), and cerebellum (≈12% and 8%) in both mutant mice. At 3 weeks of age, most (24 of 47) morphological parameters were significantly altered in Mecp2B mice; fewer (18) were abnormal in Mecp2J mice. In Mecp2B mice, significantly lower values for cortical area were distributed along the rostrocaudal axis, and there was a reduced length of the olfactory bulb (≈10%) and periaqueductal gray matter (≈16%). In Mecp2J mice, while there was significant reduction in rostrocaudal length of cortex, this parameter was also abnormal in hippocampus (≈10%), periaqueductal gray matter (≈13%), fimbria (≈18%), and anterior commissure (≈10%). Our findings define patterns of Mecp2 mutation‐induced changes in brain structure that are widespread and show that while some changes are present in both mutants, others are not. These observations provide the underpinning for studies to further define microarchitectural and physiological consequences of MECP2 deficiency. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:184–195, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Symmetric synaptic patterns between starburst amacrine cells and direction selective ganglion cells in the rabbit retina
Authors: Chen Yung‐Cheng , Chiao Chuan‐Chin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractInputs from starburst amacrine cells (SACs) to ON‐OFF direction selective ganglion cells (DSGCs) in the rabbit retina are themselves directional. However, the synaptic asymmetry between SACs and DSGCs required for generating direction selectivity has been controversial. We investigated dendritic contacts and distribution of inhibitory synapses between SACs and their overlapped DSGCs. Double injection of SAC/DSGC pairs and quantitative analysis revealed no obvious asymmetry of dendritic contacts between SACs and DSGCs. Furthermore, examination of the inhibitory input pattern on the dendrites of DSGCs using antibodies against GABAA receptors also suggested an isotropic arrangement with the overlapping SACs in both the preferred and the null directions. Therefore, the presynaptic mechanism of direction selectivity upon DSGCs may not result from a simple asymmetric arrangement with overlapping SACs. Multiple layer interactions and sophisticated synaptic connections between SACs and DSGCs are necessary. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:175–183, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Design and evaluation of inter‐bandwidth broker signaling
Authors: Mantar Haci A. , Okumus Ibrahim T. , Hwang Junseok , Chapin Steve J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBandwidth brokers (BBs) have been proposed for providing end‐to‐end quality of services (QoS) in differentiated services (Diffserv) networks. As a single entity in each domain, a BB aims at performing both intra‐ and inter‐domain resource management on behalf of its domain. There have been plenty of BB studies for intra‐domain resource management. However, how a BB can perform inter‐domain resource management in a scalable and deployable manner is still an open issue.In this work, we present the design, implementation and evaluation of an inter‐BB communication protocol that is used by each BB to communicate with its neighboring BBs for inter‐domain QoS resource management. The proposed model uses a destination‐based aggregation scheme in which reservations are aggregated as they merge through the destination region. The destination‐based aggregation improves inter‐domain state and signaling scalability. The protocol also performs traffic engineering to increase inter‐domain resource utilization. The implementation and simulation results verify the achievements of our model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐fat diet prevents and reverses the development of activity‐based anorexia in rats
Authors: Brown Amanda J. , Avena Nicole M. , Hoebel Bartley G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:Activity‐based anorexia is an animal model of anorexia nervosa in which limited access to standard lab chow combined with voluntary wheel running leads to hypophagia and severe weight loss. This study tested whether activity‐based anorexia could be prevented or reversed with palatable foods.Method:Male rats were divided into sedentary or ad libitum‐running groups and maintained on 1 h daily access to standard chow plus one of the following: sugar, saccharin, vegetable fat (shortening), or sweet high‐fat chow.Results:Access to the sweet high‐fat chow both reversed and prevented the weight loss typical of activity‐based anorexia. Vegetable fat attenuated body weight loss, but to a lesser degree than the sweet high‐fat diet. The addition of saccharin or sucrose solutions to the standard lab‐chow diet had no effect.Conclusion:The results suggest that certain palatable diets may affect the development of, and recovery from, activity‐based anorexia. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Central coherence in women with bulimia nervosa
Authors: Lopez Carolina A. , Tchanturia Kate , Stahl Daniel , Treasure Janet 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:To examine the concept of central coherence in women with bulimia nervosa (BN) and address similarities and difference with those with anorexia nervosa (AN)Method:Forty two women with BN and 42 matched healthy women, completed neuropsychological testing measuring aspects of central coherence: Rey‐Osterrieth Complex Figure (RCFT), Embedded Figures Test (EFT), Block Design Test (BD), Homograph Reading Test (HRT), and Sentence Completion Task (SCT).Results:The BN group showed superiority in local processing as measured by EFT and lesser relative advantage from segmentation in BD, and difficulties in global processing in both visual and verbal domains as examined by RCFT, HRT, and SCT. Anxiety levels were associated with low central coherence indices in RCFT.Conclusion:People with BN displayed a profile consistent with the weak central coherence hypothesis. Their pattern of cognitive performance resembles that seen in AN although some differences are apparent. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008.
How do adolescents with bulimia nervosa rate the acceptability and therapeutic relationship in family‐based treatment?
Authors: Zaitsoff Shannon L. , Celio Doyle Angela , Hoste Renee Rienecke , le Grange Daniel 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:To describe therapeutic alliance and treatment acceptability ratings of adolescents with bulimia nervosa (BN) participating in family‐based treatment (FBT‐BN) and to explore how participant characteristics relate to these constructs.Method:Adolescents with BN (n = 80) in a randomized controlled trial comparing FBT‐BN and individual supportive psychotherapy (SPT), completed the Eating Disorder Examination, Rosenberg Self‐esteem Scale, and Beck Depression Inventory prior to treatment. The Helping Relationship Questionnaire, patient expectancy for treatment, treatment suitability, and self‐reported estimates of improvement ratings were obtained at multiple points throughout treatment.Results:Therapeutic alliance and treatment acceptability ratings were positive in both treatments and generally did not differ. Within FBT‐BN, more severe eating disorder symptomatology pretreatment was related to lower alliance ratings mid‐treatment (p < .05). However, reductions in binge and purge behaviors over the course of treatment were not related to alliance or acceptability for participants in FBT‐BN (all p's > .10).Conclusion:Contrary to expectations of FBT‐BN, adolescents receiving both treatments develop a strong alliance with the therapist. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Early maternal adjustment in women with eating disorders
Authors: Koubaa Saloua , Hällström Tore , Hirschberg Angelica Lindén 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective:To study early adaptation to motherhood in mothers with eating disorders (ED) before pregnancy.Method:Forty‐four nulliparous nonsmoking women with ED before pregnancy (24 anorexia nervosa, 20 bulimia nervosa) and 67 controls were recruited from the same prenatal clinics. Three months after delivery, the women completed the maternal adjustment and maternal attitude questionnaire (MAMA) and were asked about mental health problems postpartum.Results:Ninety‐two percent of mothers with ED before pregnancy reported problems regarding their maternal adjustment compared to 13% in the control group (p < 0.001), whereas there were no differences between the subgroups of ED and between those with and without verified relapse of ED during pregnancy. Fifty percent of mothers with previous ED reported that they had been in contact with health services after delivery because of depression or other mental problems and these women had significantly higher MAMA score than patients not reporting such contact with health services (p < 0.001).Conclusion:Adjustment to motherhood was clearly impaired and related to mental problems in mothers with ED before pregnancy. © 2008 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2008
Structure Variation and Luminescence Properties of Lanthanide Complexes Incorporating a Naphthalene‐Derived Chromophore Featuring Salicylamide Pendant Arms
Authors: Song Xue‐Qin , Liu Wei‐Sheng , Dou Wei , Wang Ya‐Wen , Zheng Jiang‐Rong , Zang Zhi‐Peng 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA new potentially bridging ligand containing two salicylamide pendant arms separated by a 2,3‐dimethoxynaphthalene spacer has been prepared and its coordination chemistry with LnIII ions has been investigated. An analysis of the presented crystal structures indicates that the diversity of these supramolecular structures is mainly dictated by the nature of the metal ions. These compounds represent good examples of tuning crystal structures arising from the flexibility of the ligands and the Ln contraction effect. Luminescence studies showed that the introduction of the methoxyl substituents on the naphthalene backbone lowers the triplet energy and considerably changes the luminescent behaviors of the EuIII and TbIII complexes, which is very different from the literature data on similar compounds. In the emission spectra of the Tb complex the ligand fluorescence remains relatively important because of the back‐energy transfer from the TbIII ion to the ligand, which to the best of our knowledge, may be the first example of salicylamide lanthanide complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Concentrating particles on drop surfaces using external electric fields
Authors: Nudurupati Sai , Janjua Mohammad , Aubry Nadine , Singh Pushpendra 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe propose to use an externally applied uniform electric field to alter the distribution of particles on the surface of a drop immersed in another immiscible liquid. Specifically, we seek to generate well‐defined concentrated regions at the drop surface while leaving the rest of the surface particle free. Experiments show that when the dielectric constant of the drop is greater than that of the ambient liquid the particles for which the Clausius–Mossotti factor is positive move along the drop surface to the two poles of the drop. Particles with a negative Clausius–Mossotti factor, on the other hand, move along the drop surface to form a ring near the drop equator. The opposite takes place when the dielectric constant of the drop is smaller than that of the ambient liquid, namely particles for which the Clausius–Mossotti factor is positive form a ring near the equator while those for which such a factor is negative move to the poles. This motion is due to the dielectrophoretic force that acts upon particles because the electric field on the surface of the drop is nonuniform, despite the uniformity of the applied electric field. Experiments also show that when small particles collect at the poles of a deformed drop the electric field needed to break the drop is smaller than without particles. These phenomena could be useful to concentrate particles at a drop surface within well‐defined regions (poles and equator), separate two types of particles at the surface of a drop or increase the drop deformation to accelerate drop breakup.
Zeta potential and electroosmotic mobility in microfluidic devices fabricated from hydrophobic polymers: 1. The origins of charge
Authors: Tandon Vishal , Bhagavatula Sharath K. , Nelson Wyatt C. , Kirby Brian J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper combines new experimental data for electrokinetic characterization of hydrophobic polymers with a detailed discussion of the putative origins of charge at water‐hydrophobe interfaces. Complexities in determining the origin of charge are discussed in the context of design and modeling challenges for electrokinetic actuation in hydrophobic microfluidic devices with aqueous working fluids. Measurements of interfacial charge are complicated by slip and interfacial water structuring phenomena (see Part 2, this issue). Despite these complexities, it is shown that (i) several hydrophobic materials, such as Teflon and Zeonor, have predictable electrokinetic properties and (ii) electrokinetic data for hydrophobic microfluidic systems is most consistent with the postulate that hydroxyl ion adsorption is the origin of charge.