bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCIDENCE OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN SEAFOOD PRODUCTS OF MYSORE, INDIA
Authors: MOHAREM AHMED SAIF , RAJ A.P. CHARITH , JANARDHANA G.R. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTListeria monocytogenes is one of the most important foodborne pathogens causing illness in humans and animals. Thus, a study was undertaken to investigate the incidence of Listeria species in fresh and dry fish samples marketed in Mysore, India. A total of 164 fresh and dry fish samples collected from retail outlet shops of Mysore, South India, during the period August 2005 through August 2006 were examined for the presence of Listeria species by using ISO 11290 protocol. The incidence of Listeria species was positive in 62 samples (37.8%), and L. monocytogenes was isolated from only three (1.83%) fresh fish samples. Listeria species in seafood were predominant in the order of Listeria innocua (50) (30.49%), Listeria grayi (eight) (4.9%), L. monocytogenes (three) (1.83%) and Listeria seeligeri (one) (0.6%). All isolates of Listeria species were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed with the genus‐specific set of primers, and special emphasis was given for detection of L. monocytogenes using a species‐specific set of primers. The specificity and sensitivity of PCR were in good correlation with the cultural methods. The results indicated a high incidence of Listeria species and L. monocytogenes in fresh fish samples. This warrants the need for appropriate control measures as this would pose a serious threat to human health.
EFFECTS OF BIFIDOCIN B AND LACTOCOCCIN R ON THE GROWTH OF LISTERIA MONOCYTOGENES AND BACILLUS CEREUS ON STERILE CHICKEN BREAST
Authors: YILDIRIM ZELIHA , YILDIRIM METIN , JOHNSON MICHAEL G. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT In the study, the efficacies of bifidocin B and lactococcin R produced by Bifidobacterium bifidum and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris R to control Listeria monocytogenes or Bacillus cereus in irradiated raw chicken breast during storage at 5–8C for 28 days or at 22–25C for 24 h were determined. Each irradiated raw chicken breast was inoculated with 106 cfu/g L. monocytogenes or B. cereus. It was found that both bacteriocins were more effective against L. monocytogenes or B. cereus at 5–8C than at 22–25C, and that lactococcin R was more inhibitory than bifidocin B. Challenge study analysis demonstrated that incorporation of bifidocin B or lactococcin R at a level of 1,600 or 3,200 AU/g could effectively inhibit the growth of L. monocytogenes or B. cereus for 3–4 weeks at 5–8C or 6–12 h at 22–25C.
INCIDENCE AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SALMONELLA SPECIES IN STREET FOOD AND CLINICAL SAMPLES
Authors: TUNUNG R. , CHAI L.C. , USHA M.R. , LESLEY M.B. , CHEAH Y.K. , PATRICK G.B. , FARINAZLEEN M.G. , FATIMAH A.B. , MALAKAR P.K. , SON R. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT The objectives of our study were to investigate the Salmonella species contamination in various types of ready‐to‐eat street‐vended dishes or drinks, to isolate Salmonella spp. from clinical samples and to assess the possible relationship between the serotypes isolated from these two different environments. The isolates were characterized by their antibiotic resistance, plasmid profiles and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) sequences. A total of 24 salmonellae, belonging to seven different serotypes, were isolated from 129 different street‐vended foods and drinks and 12 clinical samples (rectal swabs). The encountered serotypes from street foods were Salmonella Biafra (n = 8), Salmonella Braenderup (n = 3) and Salmonella Weltevreden (n = 1), and from clinical samples were Salmonella Typhi (n = 8), Salmonella Typhimurium (n = 2), Salmonella Paratyphi A (n = 1) and Salmonella Paratyphi B (n = 1). The results showed no similarities in the types of Salmonella serotypes from street food and clinical samples examined. The Salmonella strains were resistant to one or more of the 14 tested antibiotics. Seventeen isolates harbored plasmids, with plasmid sizes ranging from 3.0 to 38.5 MDa. RAPD fingerprinting with primers OPAR3 and OPAR8 produced a combination of 21 fingerprint patterns. The dendrograms generated for the S. Biafra and S. Typhi showed strains of the same serotypes but of very different types of sample and location of sampling clustered together, indicating the possibility of cross contamination during food handling.
BEHAVIOR OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN SUCUK WITH NETTLE (URTICA DIOICA L.)
Authors: KABAN GÜZİN , AKSU MUHAMMET İRFAN , KAYA MÜKERREM 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACT The behavior of Staphylococcus aureus was studied in sucuk (Turkish dry fermented sausage) with different levels of nettle (Urtica dioica L.). Sucuk batters containing different levels (1, 3 and 5%) of nettle were prepared and contaminated with S. aureus at approximately 104 cfu/g. Sucuk batter not inoculated with S. aureus and not containing nettle addition was set as the control lot. Lactobacillus sakei Lb 706 was used as a starter culture. During ripening period, S. aureus, Micrococcus/Staphylococcus and lactic acid bacteria counts were determined. pH and water activity (aw) values were also analyzed. The S. aureus count was under detectable levels in the control lot, and the pH level dropped below 5.0 after the first 24 h of fermentation. Initial pH values increased gradually in all three lots (1, 3 and 5%). At the end of the first 24 h of fermentation, a significant increase in S. aureus counts was determined in all lots of sausage except for the control lot. The pH value of the sucuk sample containing 1% nettle was under 5.0 on the second day. However, pH values for sucuk samples containing 3 and 5% nettle did not drop below 5.0 during the ripening period, including the fermentation phase. Nettle usage had no effect on the lactic acid bacteria count; however, it had significant effects on the Micrococcus/Staphylococcus count and aw value.
Urinary incontinence – meeting a transcultural challenge in Sydney, Australia
Authors: Ip Virginia , Busuttil Leaver Rachel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe universal phenomenon of immigration is a continuous reality in many developed countries. As a consequence, nurses and other health professionals are expected to recognize, understand, take action and interact favourably with people from diverse cultural backgrounds . Nurses need to become culturally competent and develop their knowledge, skills, behaviours and values in transcultural nursing in order to deliver optimum care to the multiethnic cultures accessing health care. However, the combination of a paucity of systematic research and the lack of formal education programmes has resulted in poor development in this area. Many concepts relevant to cross‐culture are poorly understood, valued and studied. The first author describes how she established a urology/continence nurse‐led clinic for local non‐English speaking Chinese residents in South East Sydney. The authors give recommendations for nurses who wish to establish similar clinics to provide culture‐specific urological and continence care required for multiethnic populations.
Patient attitudes to nursing students in urology outpatients
Authors: Bromage Stephen James , Hu Jingy , Ladds Thomas , Robinson Elaine , Pearce Ian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractUrological conditions are increasingly being managed in an outpatient setting and this environment can offer valuable training in urology nursing particularly with the emergence of nurse‐led clinics. Patient attitudes to nursing students may influence the effectiveness of these training opportunities. We set out to determine patient attitudes to nursing students in urology outpatients and whether opinions are related to patient age, ethnicity or prior exposure to students. Questionnaires were given to all patients attending urology outpatient clinics until 500 completed questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire consisted of nine questions concerning patient demographics and attitudes towards the presence of nursing students. Patients were also asked to grade their comfort with a student’s presence from 0, indicating very comfortable, to 10, indicating very uncomfortable. Only 12% of patients had some degree of objection to the presence of student nurses and most patients (72%) had no preference as to the student gender. When means were derived for patients’ acceptance of the presence of student nurses, there was a significantly lower mean score, indicating more acceptance in patients aged over 30 years compared with those aged under 30 years (p ≤ 0·0001). This also applied to those who spoke English as their first language compared with those who did not (p = 0·063), and to those who had previously been exposed to nursing students compared with those with no exposure (p = 0·0002). Overall, patients were comfortable with nursing students attending their urological outpatient assessment. The patient groups that objected the most were those under the age of 30 years, those who did not speak English as their first language and those with no prior exposure to students.
Inclusive nursing care for people with intellectual disabilities using urology services
Authors: Barr Owen , Sowney Margaret 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe need to address the health needs and provide equity of access to health care for people with intellectual disabilities has been highlighted nationally within the UK, as well as internationally. Despite a similar likelihood (if not an increased likelihood) of urological problems among people with intellectual disabilities, this topic appears to have received limited attention within the wider nursing or the specific intellectual disability literature. This paper considers the potential challenges that may be encountered in seeking to provide care and support a person with intellectual disabilities who may require the support of a urology nurse and provides some suggestions for practical actions to respond effectively.
General practitioners’ perceptions of a community‐based nurse‐led assessment clinic for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors: McCaughan Eilis , Parahoo Kader , Thompson Kathryn , Reid Stuart 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) increases with age; therefore, this condition is likely to rise as people live longer. This poses challenges in how best health services can be organized to diagnose, treat or manage this disease effectively. A community‐based nurse‐led clinic was set up to assess and advice people with BPH who were referred by general practitioners (GPs). The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of GPs of the value and benefits of the nurse‐led BPH clinic. Two focus groups were carried out with a random sample of 10 GPs (five in each group). The findings showed that the assessment carried out at the clinic by the specialist nurse helped them to avoid the ‘trial and error’ approach that GPs sometimes used in treating this condition. Although they did not find that the clinic reduced their (GPs) workload, it offered a valuable, enhanced service to help them make accurate diagnosis and prescribe appropriately, thereby contributing to the quality of life of patients. This study showed that nurses’ and doctors’ work can complement each other to the benefit of patients. It adds to the growing evidence that appropriate skill mix can contribute to effective practice.
Human Infection withFusobacterium necrophorum(Necrobacillosis), with a Focus on Lemierre's Syndrome
Authors: Riordan Terry 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYSummary:Human infection withFusobacterium necrophorumusually involvesF. necrophorumsubsp.funduliformerather thanF. necrophorumsubsp.necrophorum, which is a common pathogen in animals. Lemierre's syndrome, or postanginal sepsis, is the most common life-threatening manifestation. Tonsillitis is followed by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and then a septicemia with septic emboli in lungs and other sites. Recent evidence suggests thatF. necrophorumcan be limited to the throat and cause persistent or recurrent tonsillitis.F. necrophorumis unique among non-spore-forming anaerobes, first for its virulence and association with Lemierre's syndrome as a monomicrobial infection and second because it seems probable that it is an exogenously acquired infection. The source of infection is unclear; suggestions include acquisition from animals or human-to-human transmission. Approximately 10% of published cases are associated with infectious mononucleosis, which may facilitate invasion. Recent work suggests that underlying thrombophilia may predispose to internal jugular vein thrombophlebitis. Lemierre's syndrome was relatively common in the preantibiotic era but seemed to virtually disappear with widespread use of antibiotics for upper respiratory tract infection. In the last 15 years there has been a rise in incidence, possibly related to restriction in antibiotic use for sore throat.
Type III Secretion Systems and Disease
Authors: Coburn Bryan , Sekirov Inna , Finlay B. Brett 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARY
Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) are complex bacterial structures that provide gram-negative pathogens with a unique virulence mechanism enabling them to inject bacterial effector proteins directly into the host cell cytoplasm, bypassing the extracellular milieu. Although the effector proteins vary among different T3SS pathogens, common pathogenic mechanisms emerge, including interference with the host cell cytoskeleton to promote attachment and invasion, interference with cellular trafficking processes, cytotoxicity and barrier dysfunction, and immune system subversion. The activity of the T3SSs correlates closely with infection progression and outcome, both in animal models and in human infection. Therefore, to facilitate patient care and improve outcomes, it is important to understand the T3SS-mediated virulence processes and to target T3SSs in therapeutic and prophylactic development efforts.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus as an Agent of Emerging and Reemerging Infection
Authors: Cheng Vincent C. C. , Lau Susanna K. P. , Woo Patrick C. Y. , Yuen Kwok Yung 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARYBefore the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2003, only 12 other animal or human coronaviruses were known. The discovery of this virus was soon followed by the discovery of the civet and bat SARS-CoV and the human coronaviruses NL63 and HKU1. Surveillance of coronaviruses in many animal species has increased the number on the list of coronaviruses to at least 36. The explosive nature of the first SARS epidemic, the high mortality, its transient reemergence a year later, and economic disruptions led to a rush on research of the epidemiological, clinical, pathological, immunological, virological, and other basic scientific aspects of the virus and the disease. This research resulted in over 4,000 publications, only some of the most representative works of which could be reviewed in this article. The marked increase in the understanding of the virus and the disease within such a short time has allowed the development of diagnostic tests, animal models, antivirals, vaccines, and epidemiological and infection control measures, which could prove to be useful in randomized control trials if SARS should return. The findings that horseshoe bats are the natural reservoir for SARS-CoV-like virus and that civets are the amplification host highlight the importance of wildlife and biosecurity in farms and wet markets, which can serve as the source and amplification centers for emerging infections.
Plasmodium malariae
: Parasite and Disease
Authors: Collins William E. , Jeffery Geoffrey M. 
Published: October 2007

SUMMARY
A review of the life history of Plasmodium malariae, the quartan malaria parasite of humans, is presented. Much of the information is based on data obtained from induced infections in humans who were given malaria therapy for the treatment of neurosyphilis between 1940 and 1963. Prepatent periods (i.e., the time until the first day of parasite detection) fever episodes, and maximum parasitemias as a result of infection with P. malariae were obtained and are presented. Experimental and known vectors of the parasite are also discussed. Splenectomized chimpanzees and New World monkeys are readily infected and serve as sources of parasites and antigens for diagnostic and molecular studies. South American monkeys are naturally infected with a parasite known as Plasmodium brasilianum. This parasite appears to be P. malariae that has adapted from humans to grow in monkeys, probably within the last 500 years. Infection with P. malariae is associated with the production of immune complexes in the kidneys and the associated nephrotic syndrome. The essential lesions are a thickening of the glomerular basement membrane and endocapillary cell proliferation. Studies of monkeys infected with P. malariae indicate the same pathology as that demonstrated in humans.
Do you get value for money when you buy an expensive pair of running shoes?
Authors: Clinghan R , Arnold G P , Drew T S , Cochrane L A , Abboud R J 
Published: October 2007

Objective:This investigation aims to determine if more expensive running shoes provide better cushioning of plantar pressure and are more comfortable than low-cost alternatives from the same brand.Methods:Three pairs of running shoes were purchased from three different manufacturers at three different price ranges: low (£40–45), medium (£60–65) and high (£70–75). Plantar pressure was recorded with the Pedar® in-shoe pressure measurement system. Comfort was assessed with a 100 mm visual analogue scale. A follow-on study was conducted to ascertain if shoe cushioning and comfort were comparable to walking while running on a treadmill. Forty-three and 9 male subjects participated in the main and follow-on studies, respectively. The main outcome measure was the evaluation of plantar pressure and comfort.Results:Plantar pressure measurements were recorded from under the heel, across the forefoot and under the great toe. Differences in plantar pressure were recorded between models and between brands in relation to cost. Shoe performance was comparable between walking and running trials on a treadmill. No significant difference was observed between shoes and test occasions in terms of comfort.Conclusions:Low- and medium-cost running shoes in each of the three brands tested provided the same (if not better) cushioning of plantar pressure as high-cost running shoes. Cushioning was comparable when walking and running on a treadmill. Comfort is a subjective sensation based on individual preferences and was not related to either the distribution of plantar pressure or cost.
Investigating the over-representation of older persons in do-it-yourself home maintenance injury and barriers to prevention
Authors: Ashby K , Ozanne-Smith J , Fox B 
Published: October 2007

Objective:To examine why older persons undertake high-risk do-it-yourself (DIY) home maintenance and under what circumstances, what constitutes acceptable low-risk alternatives to DIY, and to assess if alternatives are feasible in the current context.Design:Exploratory qualitative study using focus-group methodology.Setting and subjects:Fifteen focus groups were conducted, involving 118 persons aged 60 years and older, in two Melbourne communities. Participants resided locally, participated in local seniors groups, or received treatment for a DIY injury at one of two public hospitals serving these communities.Results:Older persons’ involvement in DIY ranged from necessity to choice. A number chose DIY for general fitness enhancement, satisfaction and pride in a job well done, and giving meaning and enjoyment to daily tasks. However, some older, frailer seniors were forced into DIY because of difficulties in choosing appropriate alternatives; lack of knowledge of some available resources and services; the challenge of accessing cost-effective and reliable private service providers; and fear of vulnerability to overcharging, overservicing or their personal security. Preferred DIY alternatives were local government providers, local paper advertised services, recommendations to private service providers and family, friends or neighbors. Lack of knowledge of other existing alternatives was an impediment to preventing DIY injury, or accessing DIY alternatives. A number of potentially feasible alternatives to DIY were identified from our review.Conclusions:This research is an important first step in understanding issues facing community-dwelling seniors remaining at home, and provides a basis on which government agencies and other providers can develop services to meet increasing needs.
Obesity and workplace traumatic injury: does the science support the link?: Table 1
Authors: Pollack Keshia M , Cheskin Lawrence J 
Published: October 2007

Objective:To explore whether obesity is associated with non-fatal traumatic occupational injury.Design:Systematic literature review.Methods:The peer-reviewed literature was searched from 1 January 1980 to 31 December 2005 for studies on the risk of overweight and obesity on non-fatal traumatic occupational injuries among non-office employees. The search was conducted using Medline, eLCOSH, NIOSHTIC-2, CINAHL, PsycLit, and OSH-ROM. Studies were excluded that focused on military populations, chronic/repetitive workplace injuries, back pain, only height as a risk factor, or were not written in English.Results:The search identified only 12 studies. The risk of injury for obese versus non-obese employees overall was slightly increased, although many of the estimates were not statistically significant. In studies in which increased risk estimates were shown, there was limited exploration of the mechanism of obesity-related injury, but the influence of chronic disease, fatigue or sleepiness, ergonomics, and physical limitations were most often hypothesized.Discussion:With the current growing prevalence of obesity worldwide, more research is needed to better establish its impact on workplace injuries and lost work time. Studies are needed that use large diverse samples, advanced statistical methods, and control for potential confounders, and explore issues related to temporality. Gaining a better understanding of how obesity influences workplace injury may foster the development of interventions that address weight, while still emphasizing the important environmental and sociocultural risk factors for injury.
Providing car seat checks with well-child visits at an urban health center: a pilot study
Authors: Quinlan Kyran P , Holden Janet , Kresnow Marcie-jo 
Published: October 2007

Objective:To evaluate a pilot program of providing child restraint system (CRS) checks by certified technicians with well-child care in an urban health center serving a low-income community.Methods:During well-child care, nationally certified child passenger safety technicians assessed CRS use, educated care givers, corrected misuse, and provided a new CRS if necessary. The program’s effect was assessed at a subsequent medical visit.Results:A total of 3650 CRS checks were performed. CRS non-use was found for 307 (17%) infants, 604 (50%) toddlers, and 593 (88%) booster seat-sized children. Exposure to the program was associated with a significant positive effect on CRS use (p<0.001) and significant improvements in the major components of misuse (p<0.05) months later.Conclusions:This urban health center has high rates of CRS non-use and near-universal misuse. Providing CRS checks by certified technicians during well-child care is a promising means of promoting sustained and improved CRS use.