bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Securitising Biotic Risk: Reframing Biosecurity in China
Authors: Duan Xinxin , Fritsch Oliver , McKirdy Simon J. , Zheng Dan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article offers an in‐depth analysis of the meaning and scope of biosafety and biosecurity in China, thereby relating domestic debates to global developments, exploring notions of safety and security in public policy more broadly and embedding a key policy initiative, Chinaʼs new Biosecurity Law, into attempts by Chinaʼs leadership to develop a holistic national security strategy. The article finds that biotic threats have more recently been reframed as matters of national security, in ways that undeniably go beyond conventional understandings of biosecurity and that blur the boundaries to more accident‐focused biosafety measures. Given Chinaʼs political and economic importance this apparent trend to securitise biotic risks is likely to impact on global trade relations, international transport and passenger traffic, not the least in the context of the Belt and Road Initiative.
Adaptive sliding mode control of robotic manipulator based on reinforcement learning
Authors: Ren Ziwu , Chen Jie , Miao Yunxi , Miao Yujie , Guo Zibo , Hu Biao , Lin Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRobotic manipulators usually exhibit time‐varying, nonlinear, and coupled dynamics due to the parameter perturbations, disturbances, and other uncertainties. Traditional control algorithms typically do not possess parameters' self‐adaptive learning ability, limiting the tracking performance of the robot. In order to address these issues, an adaptive sliding mode control method based on reinforcement learning (ASMRL) is proposed in this paper, where a proportional–integral sliding mode (PISM) controller is used to address the nonlinear problem in the system, and deep deterministic policy gradient (DDPG) agent is adopted to conduct the parameters' learning of the PISM controller using its adaptive characteristics and the autonomous learning ability. The simulation results illustrate that the proposed method can effectively achieve better tracking performance compared with two other control methods, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Harnessing Regenerated Graphite from Spent Lithium‐Ion Batteries to Enhance the Performance of Sulfur Cathode in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Sheng Huiying , Graczyk‐Zajac Magdalena , Tian Honghong , Qu Fangmu , Zhang Yaohao , Dürrschnabel Michael , Weidenkaff Anke , Riedel Ralf 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work, a facile hydrometallurgical approach combined with heat treatment has been adopted to recycle spent graphite from retired lithium‐ion battery cells. Graphite regenerated with 18 M H2SO4 leaching leads to a high specific surface area, significant porosity and small crystallite size. The regenerated graphite has been infiltrated with sulfur under solvothermal conditions at 160 °C. The sample containing 68 wt % of sulfur recovers a capacity of 224 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Furthermore, the electrode with a higher sulfur content of 84 wt %, recuperates the specific discharging capacity of 207 mAh/g after 100 cycles. After the initial fading during the first 5–10 cycles, the cathodes based on regenerated graphite demonstrate stable cycling behavior. This research not only offers an accessible and scalable method for regenerating graphite from spent LIBs but also demonstrates a new application of the regenerated graphite in LSBs, showcasing outstanding electrochemical performance.
Insights Into Electrolyte Strategies for Suppressing Side Reactions Towards Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Gong Xuerong , Zhang Zongliang , Zhang Zonghan , Dai Jiaxin , Li Xue , Wang Baofeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) have gained significant attention as a promising technology for grid scale energy storage due to their high safety and low cost. Nevertheless, side reactions on the zinc anodes result in a decrease in effi‐ciency decay and capacity loss, hindering the wide‐spread application of AZIBs. Recently, great efforts have been con‐ducted to tackle these challenges, such as modifying the inter‐nal structure of zinc anodes, coating protection on the surface of zinc anodes, and optimizing the electrolytes. However, there is a lack of systematic summary on the design of side reac‐tions‐suppressed zinc anodes, especially through the optimi‐zation strategies of aqueous electrolytes. Herein, this review systematically summarizes the main mechanisms and influence factors of side reactions. Subsequently, we present the main modification strategies based on electrolyte engineering for alleviating side reactions, with a particular emphasis on poly‐mer electrolytes. Lastly, we shed light on the potential research directions and perspectives of aqueous electrolytes, which may promote the development of AZIBs.
Contemporary status of diagnostic endoluminal ultrasound and optical coherence tomography in the ureter
Authors: Sii Samuel , Bolton Jeremy , Tempo Jake , Bolton Damien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate via a review of published literature, the efficacy of endoluminal ultrasound (ELUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) in the following ureteric diseases: urolithiasis, upper tract urothelial carcinoma, stricture disease and pelvic‐ureteric junction obstruction (PUJO).Patients and methodsUreteric high‐frequency ELUS provides 360° imaging, to a depth of 20 mm, and has been demonstrated to assess ureteric stricture length, degree of fibrosis and aetiology. OCT produces high‐quality images with a penetration depth of 2 mm. ELUS has proven to be useful at the time of endopyelotomy for PUJO as it can identify crossing vessels, some not detectable on CT angiography, allowing the urologist to avoid these when making their incision. Ureteric ELUS may be utilised for submucosal ureteric stones as they are highly visible. Endoluminal ultrasound may be deployed in the case of known sub‐mucosal urolithiasis when the ureter appears stone‐free. It may help identify sub‐mucosal stones or stones within diverticulum.ResultsEndoluminal ultrasound has been analysed for its use in determining muscle‐invasive urothelial carcinoma of the ureter. The PPV for ≥pT2 was only 16.7% in one study of six patients with MIBC and 76.2% in 21 patients with <pT2 disease. Analysis of OCT for staging UTUC during ureteroscopy and biopsy demonstrated sensitivity for tumour invasion of 100% and specificity of 92%, 83% of lesion staging matched with histological analysis. Imaging analysis did not match histology in three patients with large exophytic tumours that exceeded the OCT depth penetration. Due to its superficial penetration, OCT cannot reliably stage large tumours.ConclusionsUreteric ELUS has been reported to be a useful tool in endopyelotomy, urolithiasis and stricture disease. The staging of ureteric urothelial carcinoma remains unsatisfactory with current imaging techniques and biopsy methods, and, based on the current literature, ELUS does not appear to have a strong enough PPV to determine muscle invasion. Ureteric OCT may be a useful tool in the future staging of upper tract urothelial carcinoma, particularly in differentiating the stage of small tumours. Further studies are needed in this area.
Consequences of applying soft‐sell themes in e‐cigarette advertisements
Authors: Velasco Vizcaíno Franklin , Guaita Martínez José Manuel , Martín Martín José María 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research uses a multi‐method approach to validate the prominence of soft‐sell themes to advertise e‐cigarettes and to test how this advertising theme influences consumers' attitudes and behaviors. First, the study presents a content analysis identifying the prevalence of soft‐sell themes used as marketing stimuli to advertise e‐cigarettes. Second, a quasi‐experiment tests the effects of a soft‐sell theme ad on consumers' attitudes toward vaping, their intention to try e‐cigarettes, their attitude toward smoking, and maladaptive intentions. This latter effect is relevant to e‐cigarette marketing literature, as it suggests how consumers lose temporal distance of the harmful effects of vaping. Theoretical and practical contributions of these findings are discussed.
Active Components of Pueraria lobata through the MAPK/ERK Signaling Pathway Alleviate Iron Overload in Alcoholic Liver Disease
Authors: Li Xue , Liu Le , Wan Mei‐Xuan , Gong Li‐Min , Su Juan , Xu Li 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective: To delve into the primary active ingredients and mechanism of Pueraria lobata for alleviating iron overload in alcoholic liver disease. Methods: Pueraria lobata‘s potential targets and signaling pathways in treating alcohol‐induced iron overloads were predicted using network pharmacology analysis. Then, animal experiments were used to validate the predictions of network pharmacology. The impact of puerarin or genistein on alcohol‐induced iron accumulation, liver injury, oxidative stress, and apoptosis was assessed using morphological examination, biochemical index test, and immunofluorescence. Key proteins implicated in linked pathways were identified using RT‐qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry. Results: Network pharmacological predictions combined with animal experiments suggest that the model group compared to the control group, exhibited activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway, suppression of hepcidin expression, and aggravated iron overload, liver damage, oxidative stress, and hepatocyte death. Puerarin and genistein, the active compounds in Pueraria lobata, effectively mitigated the aforementioned alcohol‐induced effects. No statistically significant disparities were seen in the effects above between the two groups receiving drug therapy. Conclusion: This study preliminarily demonstrated that puerarin and genistein in Pueraria lobata may increase hepcidin production to alleviate alcohol‐induced iron overload by inhibiting the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway.
Fault diagnosis with high accuracy and timeliness for semi‐batch crystallization process based on deep learning with multiple pattern representation
Authors: Rao Silin , Wang Ziteng , Wang Jingtao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe research on chemical process fault diagnosis has made significant progress, but there is still a big gap in its application to complex practical industrial processes. As for the fault diagnosis of batch crystallization processes, the recently‐proposed dynamic time warping–convolutional neural network (DTW‐CNN) model has achieved a great improvement in the fault diagnosis. However, its fault diagnosis rate (FDR) and timeliness of fault diagnosis are still low, and thus, it needs to improve further before being applied to the practical application. In this paper, a multiple pattern representation–convolutional neural network (MPR‐CNN) model is proposed and applied for the fault diagnosis of a semi‐batch crystallization process. The MPR‐CNN model enables the manual extraction of features with four pattern representation algorithms in the data pre‐processing stage, and generates a three‐dimensional matrix which is used as the training sample and input to the CNN for the formal feature extraction and weight learning. An excellent classification performance, with an average FDR of 97.5%, is achieved. This model is also applied for the fault diagnosis of process data within a shorter period of time after the occurrence of faults. The results indicate that the model could make timely fault diagnosis with a highly stable and accurate performance after the occurrence of a fault.
Biodegradability of Carbon Nano‐Onions by Human Myeloperoxidase and Photo‐Fenton Process
Authors: Swetha K. , Camisasca Adalberto , Bartkowski Michał , Garhwal Akash , Aravind Ananya , Ganesh Prathiksha , Giordani Silvia , Kurapati Rajendra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe biodegradability of carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) in the environment and organisms needs to be understood, and it is highly essential to estimate their in vivo fate, especially for clinical applications. It is also important to investigate their metabolites formation to fully understand their biocompatibility. Herein, we explored the biodegradability of multilayer fullerenes, better known as carbon nano‐onions (CNOs), by treating them with human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) isolated from the neutrophils, plant enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and the photo‐Fenton (PF) reaction. High‐resolution electron microscopy (HRTEM), Raman spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and mass spectrometry (MS) results confirmed that CNOs are not bio‐persistent. Moreover, these results indicate that the oxidized (functionalized) CNOs can undergo faster biodegradation than the pristine CNOs. The possible by‐products of biodegradation of CNOs were characterized using mass spectrometry. An understanding of the biodegradation properties of CNOs and their metabolites is fundamental for future biomedical applications.
Privacy preserving and secure robust federated learning: A survey
Authors: Han Qingdi , Lu Siqi , Wang Wenhao , Qu Haipeng , Li Jingsheng , Gao Yang 
Published: March 2024

SummaryFederated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising solution to address the challenges posed by data silos and the need for global data fusion. It offers a distributed machine learning framework with privacy‐preserving features, allowing model training without the need to collect user data. However, FL also presents significant security and privacy threats that hinder its widespread adoption. The requirements of privacy and security in FL are inherently conflicting. Privacy necessitates the concealment of individual client updates, while security requires the disclosure of client updates to detect anomalies. While most existing research focused on the privacy and security aspects of FL, very few studies have addressed the compatibility of these two demands. In this work, we aim to bridge this gap by proposing a comprehensive defense scheme that ensures privacy, security, and compatibility in FL. We categorize the existing literature into two key directions: privacy defense and security defense. Privacy defense includes methods based on additive masks, differential privacy, homomorphic encryption, and trusted execution environment, whereas security defense encompasses distance‐, performance‐, clustering‐, and similarity‐based anomaly detection techniques and statistical information‐based anomaly update bypassing techniques when the server is trusted and privacy‐compatible anomaly update detection techniques when the server is not trusted. In addition, this article presents decentralized FL solutions based on blockchain. For each direction, we discuss specific technical solutions, their advantages, and disadvantages. By evaluating various defense methods, we identify the most suitable approach to address the primary challenge of “achieving a secure and robust FL system against malicious adversaries while protecting users' privacy.” We then propose a theoretical reference framework for end‐to‐end protection of privacy and security in FL for the key problem, which summarizes the attack surface of FL systems from the client to the server under the security model where the client and server are malicious. Leveraging the strengths and characteristics of existing schemes, our proposed framework integrates multiple techniques to strike a balance between privacy, usability, and efficiency. This framework serves as a valuable reference and provides insights for future work in the field. Finally, we also provide recommendations for future research directions in this field.
Modified Donor End Caps for Binary‐to‐Ternary WORM Memory Conversion in N‐Heteroaromatic Systems
Authors: Gayathri Ramesh , Akshaya Madanan , Imran Predhanekar Mohamed , Nagarajan Samuthira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA series of novel D‐π‐A type organic small molecules have been designed, synthesized, and demonstrated for non‐volatile resistive switching WORM memory application. The electron‐deficient phenazine and quinoxaline units were coupled with various functionalized triphenylamine end caps to explore the structure‐property correlations. The photophysical investigations displayed considerable intramolecular charge transfer, and the electrochemical analysis revealed an optimum band gap of 2.44 to 2.83 eV. These factors and the thin film morphological studies suggest the feasibility of the compounds as better resistive memory devices. All the compounds indicated potent non‐volatile resistive switching memory capabilities with ON/OFF ratios ranging from 103 to 104, and the lowest threshold voltage recorded stands at −0.74 V. A longer retention time of 103 s marks the substantial stability of the devices. The phenazine‐based compounds outperformed the others in terms of memory performance. Exceptionally, the compound with −CHO substituted triphenylamine exhibited ternary memory performance owing to its multiple traps. The resistive switching mechanism for the devices was validated using density functional theory calculations, which revealed that the integrated effect of charge transfer and charge trapping contributes significantly to the resistive switching phenomena.
Biological shaping as a conservative alternative for crown lengthening: A review
Authors: Alrmali Abdusalam , Melker Daniel , Zalucha Janet , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe perio‐restorative approach to maintaining supracrestal tissue attachment (STA; formerly known as biologic width) is a fundamental goal in modern dentistry. This article aims to review the clinical impact of biologic shaping (BS) as an innovative alternative to traditional crown lengthening procedures, reflecting over two decades of clinical experience.Material and MethodsAs a review paper, it is crucial to highlight that BS stands as a unique approach designed to optimize STA while emphasizing minimal to no removal of supporting bone. The review spans over two decades, consistently demonstrating clinical efficacy and predictability. Remarkably, BS focuses on addressing issues such as root concavities, developmental grooves, irregularities, furcation lips, and CEJ offering a remarkable level of clinical precision.ResultsThe reviewed literature underscores that BS has consistently achieved substantial clinical success in fulfilling its objectives. This method presents a biologically sound alternative to traditional crown lengthening, placing a strong emphasis on the preservation of essential bone tissue and the establishment of durable STA.ConclusionsThe results suggest that BS is a logical and biologically driven approach for maintaining STA, making it a promising alternative to traditional crown lengthening. The method offers a predictable and reproducible way to preserve bone tissue while achieving durable STA. This innovation holds great promise in the field of periodontal and restorative dentistry.
Phenotypic variability in the US upland cotton core set for root traits and water use efficiency at the late reproductive stage
Authors: Ghimire Om Prakash , Spivey W. Walker , Kuraparthy Vasu , Campbell B. Todd , Jones Michael , Thomas Joe , Bridges William C. , Narayanan Sruthi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo incorporate root traits that improve water use efficiency (WUE) in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) variety development, harnessing the genetic variability for root traits is essential. The objectives of this study were to characterize the US upland cotton core set for root traits and WUE and determine the traits associated with WUE. The core set includes 23 of the 381 accessions of the cotton diversity panel and represents 74% of the allelic diversity in US upland cotton. Plants were grown in polyvinyl chloride columns (125‐cm height, 15‐cm diameter) in a greenhouse in 2021–2022 and 2022–2023. Half of the columns contained a synthetic hardpan (1 cm thickness, 300 PSI penetration resistance) at a depth of 25 cm. Plants were harvested when >50% of the population opened bolls. Based on 16 root‐ and shoot‐traits, water use, and WUE, Deltapine 14, Station Miller, and Southland M1 were the best performers, and Toole, Paymaster HS200, Western Stormproof, CD3HCABCUH‐1‐89, and PD 2164 were the poor performers irrespective of the presence or absence of hardpan stress to root growth. The WUE of the core set genotypes was positively correlated with very fine root (diameter <0.25 mm) length, surface area, and volume and total root weight (correlation coefficient ≥0.45). These traits serve as beneficial root traits for developing new varieties with enhanced WUE. The identified genotypes and traits will be valuable for developing the next generation of water‐use‐efficient cotton varieties with a broad genetic base through advanced breeding techniques involving genomic tools and genetic diversity.
Board governance model, institutions, financial performance, and environmental performance: Stakeholder supremacy or coordination problems?
Authors: Ifada Luluk Muhimatul , Hendar Hendar , Mohd Saleh Norman 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aims to determine the mediating effect of environmental performance (EP) on the relationship among the board governance model (BGM, i.e., one‐ or two‐tier board), institutions (regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption), and financial performance (FP). Motivated by the theoretical disputes surrounding the effectiveness of BGM, this study draws upon the supremacy of shareholders versus stakeholder's perspective and the coercive pressure from institutional theory to explain corporate legitimacy practices. Thus far, only a few studies have explored the role of BGM and institutions in a firm's EP and FP. By analyzing 1112 listed firms in emerging markets from 2013 to 2020, this study shows that institutions positively affect EP and FP through a regulatory quality indicator. Specifically, the two‐tier board indicator improves EP at the expense of FP. Despite the increasing pressure to embrace sustainable practices in countries that adopt the one‐tier board model, the formalization of stakeholder supremacy within the two‐tier board structure is considered beneficial. EP does not act as a mediator in the relationship between BGM and FP.
Challenges and Recent Progress on Solid‐State Batteries and Electrolytes, using Qualitative Systematic Analysis. A Short Review
Authors: Pierdoná Antoniolli João Felipe , Grespan Giovani Luiz , Rodrigues Durval 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe rise in the energy demand, the need to decrease the use of fossil fuels, expanding investments in renewable energy and boosting the electric vehicle market, opens the door to new technologies in clean energy accumulators. Lithium‐ion batteries are the most advanced technology in the market but have safety concerns due to the flammability of the electrolyte, which opens the door to innovations. One of these innovations is the solid‐state batteries (SSB), which, by using solid electrolytes, do not have the flammable risk, bringing safety to users while reaching similar energy and power densities. This work presents a review about SSB, based on qualitative and exploratory research, using the Web of Science (WoS) platform. Keywords used to gather information from the database were “solid state batteries” and “electrolytes”. Only publications from 2018 to 2023 were selected. The main research focus is to solve the challenges posed by the different physical‐chemical phenomena of the SSB. This work focuses on the general comprehension of the SSB batteries, what are the factors that can affect it and the main solutions presented in the literature the last five years.