bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of flunixin meglumine on surgical wound strength and healing in the rat
Authors: Donner Gayle S. , Ellison Gary W , Peyton Llewellyn C. , Crowley Ann M. , Szempruch Ned , Williams Jerry W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Forty male adolescent Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and standardized ventral midline laparotomies and uniform-length gastrotomies and typhlotomies were performed. The visceral and abdominal surgically inflicted wounds were closed with 5-0 polypropylene and 4-0 nylon suture, respectively. The rats were allotted into 4 groups (10 rats/group); 2 groups were not given flunixin meglumine (controls) and 2 groups were given flunixin meglumine (1.1 mg/kg of body weight, im, every 12 hours). On day 5 and again on day 14 after surgery, 1 control and 1 flunixin meglumine-treated group were euthanatized. Tensile strength of the skin and linea alba incisions was determined, using a computerized tensiometer. Gastric and cecal incision bursting strengths were determined, using a pressure manometer.
Flunixin meglumine significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the tensile strength of wounds in the skin and linea alba, but did not affect visceral bursting strength at day 5 after surgery. At day 14 after surgery, a significant difference in wound strength was not found between the flunixin meglumine and control groups in any of the tissues evaluated. Flunixin meglumine had an adverse influence on the inflammatory stage of wound repair, but not on the proliferative stage, when fibroplasia is a major factor in wound strength. Major histologic differences were not found in the incision wounds of flunixin meglumine-treated and nontreated control rats.
Humaneness of an electroimmobilization unit for cattle
Authors: Pascoe Peter J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Application of an electroimmobilization unit was evaluated in adult Holstein cows. Twenty cows were acclimated to being led from their stanchion, down a corridor, and into a set of stocks. After the first 7 sessions when the cows were exposed to a conditioning stimulus, cows were assigned to 4 groups of 5. One group served as a control group, 2 groups were given a high or low stimulus with the electroimmobilizer immediately after the conditioning stimulus, and 1 group was given saline solution im. These stimulus treatments were repeated 10 times, followed by an extinction trial of 10 sessions when stimulus treatments were stopped. The time taken to enter the stocks, the heart rate before and after treatment was given, and an assessment of the physical reaction were used as measurements of the response of each cow. At the end of the stimulus treatment phase, cows in high- or low-stimulus groups had significantly greater (P < 0.05) reluctance to enter the stocks and had higher heart rates during the period before they were given the stimulus. These cows also had significantly greater (P < 0.05) physical reaction than did cows in the control group and the group given the im injection. Cows given the im injection demonstrated significantly (P < 0.05) greater physical reaction than did cows in the control group. Seemingly, electroimmobilization was a noxious event and was more noxious than a simple im injection.
Change in triceps muscle intracompartmental pressure with repositioning and padding of the lowermost thoracic limb of the horse
Authors: White N. A. , Suarez M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Triceps intracompartmental pressure was measured in the lowermost limb of the recumbent horse during the initial period of recumbency during elective surgical procedures in 11 horses. Intramuscular pressure, using an im catheter, was measured with the thoracic limbs in 4 different positions, including (I) table-contact limb unadvanced-unsupported free limb, (II) table-contact limb unadvanced-supported free limb, (III) table-contact limb advanced cranially, unsupported free limb, and (IV) table-contact limb advanced cranially, supported free limb. Pressure was measured in the 4 positions with and without padding. The highest pressure was measured in position I without padding. The lowest pressure was measured with position IV with padding and was significantly lower than all pressures in other positions (P < 0.05). Foam mattress padding significantly decreased muscle pressure in each position.
Response of the canine corneal endothelium to intraocular irrigation with saline solution, balanced salt solution, and balanced salt solution with glutathione
Authors: Nasisse Mark P. , Cook Cynthia S. , Harling David E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The right or left anterior chamber of 12 dogs (ie, 24 eyes) was irrigated with 100 ml of 0.9% saline solution, balanced salt solution, or balanced salt solution with glutathione (8 eyes/solution) for 22 minutes. Changes in endothelial cell density and corneal thickness from pretreatment values were evaluated immediately after, and at 2 and 7 days after irrigation. Using specular microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy, corneas were examined immediately after and at 2, 7, and 14 days after irrigation. Changes were not seen in endothelial cell density after irrigation with any of the solutions evaluated. Corneal thickness increased 4% immediately after irrigation with 0.9% saline solution and returned to normal by 1 week after irrigation; treatment with 0.9% saline solution was not associated with visible corneal edema. Ultrastructural changes attributable to differences in irrigating solution composition were not observed. The difference between the endothelium's response to limited irrigation with saline solution, balanced salt solution, and balanced salt solution with glutathione was small and irrigation with these solutions was not associated with permanent endothelial damage.
Effect of drying on the infectivity of cryptosporidia-laden calf feces for 3- to 7-day-old mice
Authors: Anderson Bruce C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cryptosporidium-laden calf fecal specimens (n = 13) of various consistencies were infective for infant mice, but infectivity for infant mice ceased after 1 to 4 days of drying.
Digestion in horses after resection or ischemic insult of the large colon
Authors: Ralston Sarah L. , Sullins Kenneth E. , Stashak Ted S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of 60% resection of the large colon vs ischemic insult without resection on the ability of horses to digest grass hay was investigated. Digestion trials were performed on 9 horses before surgery (base line) and 3 weeks, 6 weeks, and 6 months after surgery. The percentage of apparent digestion of crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, and zinc was calculated. Horses that had resection (n = 5) had decreased apparent digestion of crude protein, crude fiber, and phosphorus 3 weeks after surgery, compared with those in horses with ischemic insults (n = 4) and with base-line values. Horses with ischemic insults also had a decrease in crude protein digestion 3 weeks after surgery, compared with base-line values. All horses returned to base-line values of digestion at the 6-month trials, although horses that had resection had higher fecal concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen-free extract than did horses with ischemic insult. During the study, all horses had maintained good body condition.
Canine storage disease characterized by hereditary progressive neurogenic muscular atrophy: Breeding experiments and clinical manifestation
Authors: Inada Shichiro , Yamauchi Chuhei , Igata Akihiro , Osame Mitsuhiro , Izumo Shuji 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Progressive neurogenic muscular atrophy due to storage of a compound lipid in the lower motor neurons was diagnosed in 3 English Pointers that were littermates. Using 2 clinically normal littermates of these 3 affected dogs and 2 clinically normal dogs of the 2nd litter from the parents of the original 3 affected dogs as the initial breeding stock, a breeding experiment was performed, resulting in a breeding line of 26 dogs, 4 of which had the disease and 6 of which died before 3 months of age. Results indicated that the disease may have an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The clinical manifestation and electrophysiologic findings indicated lower motor neuron involvement in the affected dogs produced by breeding consistent with findings in the original 3 affected dogs. Upper motor neurons or the sensory system was not involved. The disease appeared to be distinct from other canine storage diseases previously reported.
Canine and feline aural hematoma: Clinical, experimental, and clinicopathologic observations
Authors: Kuwahara Jiro 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pathogenesis of canine and feline aural hematoma (ah) was investigated. Clinical observations, selected experimental procedures, and clinicopathologic examinations were done on 40 dogs and 20 cats affected with ah. Eighteen healthy dogs and 14 healthy cats were used as the controls. The results of this investigation provide a valid basis for questioning the conventionally held view that ah is caused by trauma and for postulating that the actual cause is immune mediated.
Neutrophil depletion of calves with hydroxyurea: Methods and clinical and pathologic effects
Authors: Slocombe R. F. , Malark J. , Ingersoll R. , Derksen F. J. , Robinson N. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-six Holstein calves were treated with hydroxyurea in order to induce neutropenia. Calves were given a daily dosage of hydroxyurea (70 mg/kg of body weight) for 4 consecutive days, and clinical signs, blood leukograms, hemograms, and platelet counts were monitored daily until the calves became neutropenic. Once a neutropenic state was induced, the calves were anesthetized and pulmonary function tests were performed. Subsequently, calves were euthanatized and complete necropsies were performed. Hydroxyurea treatment induced profound neutropenia in all calves by 8 days after initiating treatment, with mild decreases in circulating numbers of lymphocytes. Treatment did not cause clinical or pulmonary functional abnormalities. Severe pathologic changes were restricted to the bone marrow and consisted of partial to complete destruction of myeloid elements, with less severe effects on erythrocytic precursors and megakaryocytes. Hydroxyurea was useful for the induction of neutropenic states in calves and did not induce major toxic effects on other cells when given at 70 mg/kg.
Identification of Mycobacterium bovis, using miniaturized thin-layer chromatography and morphologic characteristics
Authors: Jarnagin J. L. , Colgrove G. S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lipid analysis was performed on 204 isolates of mycobacteria, using miniaturized thin-layer chromatography (mtlc). A previously described lipid component was found in 92 (96.8%) of 95 isolates of Mycobacterium bovis and in 2 (1.8%) of 109 isolates of other mycobacteria. Using mtlc, an isolate could be identified as M bovis 3 to 4 weeks earlier than by use of conventional biochemical techniques. Examination of isolates for colonial and cellular morphologic characteristics was a useful adjunct in the identification of M bovis by use of mtlc.
Efficacy of ivermectin in a topical formulation against induced gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections, and naturally acquired grubs and lice in cattle
Authors: Alva-Valdes R. , Wallace D. H. , Holste J. E. , Egerton J. R. , Cox J. L. , Wooden J. W. , Barrick R. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Efficacy of ivermectin in a topical formulation was evaluated in cattle against adult gastrointestinal and pulmonary nematode infections (experiment 1, n = 24 ), the 2nd- and 3rd-stage larvae of Hypoderma spp (experiment 2, n = 12), and the biting louse Damalinia bovis (experiment 3, n = 12). Nematode infections were induced and grubs and lice were naturally acquired. Treatments consisted of a single dose of ivermectin in a topical formulation of 200, 500, or 1,000 μg/kg of body weight in experiment 1 or 500 μg/kg in experiments 2 and 3.
At 1,000 μg/kg, ivermectin was 100% effective against Ostertagia ostertagi, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Nematodirus helvetianus, Haemonchus placei, and Dictyocaulus viviparus and was >99% effective against Cooperia oncophora, C punctata, and T axei. At 500 μg/kg, the efficacy was 100% against C oncophora, C punctata, O ostertagi, T axei, Oes radiatum, N helvetianus, Haem placei, and Dict viviparus and > 99% against T colubriformis. At 200 μg/kg, the efficacy was 100% against Oes radiatum, Haem placei, and Dict viviparus, > 99% for O ostertagi, 96% for C oncophora, 86% for C punctata, 90% for T axei, 85% for T colubriformis, and 71% for N helvetianus. At 500 μg/kg, ivermectin was highly effective against the grubs Hypoderma bovis and H lineatum and eliminated the louse Damalinia bovis.
Inoculation of pigs against Trichinella spiralis, using larval excretory-secretory antigens
Authors: Gamble H. R. , Murrell K. D. , Marti H. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pigs were inoculated with Trichinella spiralis excretory-secretory products derived from short-term in vitro maintenance of infective muscle larvae. Intraperitoneal administration of excretory-secretory products in Freund’s complete adjuvant or aluminum hydroxide induced moderate, but variable, degrees of immunity to challenge exposure in a nondose-dependent manner; im administration of products in Freund’s incomplete adjuvant was less successful. Inoculated pigs harbored fewer adult worms, and the fecundity of female worms (numbers of newborn larvae shed in vitro) recovered after challenge exposure was significantly lower (α = 0.05) than the fecundity of females recovered from control pigs. The degree of resistance in inoculated pigs was directly related to serotiter against excretory-secretory antigens, as determined in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Endotoxin-induced bovine mastitis: Immunoglobulins, phagocytosis, and effect of flunixin meglumine
Authors: Anderson K. L. , Smith A. R. , Shanks R. D. , Whitmore H. L. , Davis L. E. , Gustafsson B. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Milk whey immunoglobulins (Ig) and phagocytosis of staphylococci by milk polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (pmn) were measured in 12 cows (allotted to 6 pairs) during acute bovine mastitis induced by intramammary inoculation of endotoxin. Six of these cows (or 1 in each pair) were treated with flunixin meglumine and were compared with the others (given only saline solution).
The endotoxin inoculation comprised 10 μg of Escherichia coli O26:B6 lipopolysaccharide injected into one of the rear quarters (mammae). Flunixin meglumine was administered parenterally at a dosage of 1.1 mg/kg every 8 hours (total of 7 doses) beginning at 2 hours after endotoxin was injected. Milk samples were obtained, and whey samples were prepared from each quarter of each cow 3 times before inoculation and at 2, 4, 8, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144, 168, and 336 hours after endotoxin was inoculated.
Significant increases (P < 0.05) in milk whey IgG1, IgG2, IgM, and IgA concentrations were observed in whey samples from endotoxin-inoculated quarters. Greatest relative increase was seen for IgG2. Increased whey Ig concentrations were not observed in quarters which were not inoculated with endotoxin. Concentrations of whey IgG1 and IgM in endotoxin-inoculated quarters were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in flunixin meglumine-treated cows, compared with those in saline solution-treated cows.
Significant increases in phagocytosis of staphylococci by milk pmn were observed in whey samples from endotoxin-inoculated quarters. Significant differences in pmn phagocytosis were not found in whey samples from cows given flunixin meglumine when compared with whey samples from cows given saline solution.
Pulmonary function in dogs with mitral valve regurgitation
Authors: Miller Joan Ellen , Eyster George , DeYoung Bonnie , Milar Bobbi , Robinson N. Edward 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Mitral valve regurgitation was created in 2 groups of dogs. Groups were selected on absence (group 1) or presence (group 2) of clinical signs of congestive left ventricular failure. Group-2 dogs, in which mean left atrial pressures were > 30 mm of Hg, had increases in heart rate, pulmonary arterial mean pressure, left atrial diameter, and left ventricular diastolic diameter. These changes were associated with decreased arterial O2 tension, decreased static and dynamic compliance, reduced lung volumes, and increased pulmonary resistance. Group-1 dogs, in which mean left atrial pressure was < 30 mm of Hg, had moderate changes in hemodynamics, but no changes in pulmonary function, except during exercise when arterial O2 tension decreased.
Endotoxin-induced changes in plasma concentrations of thromboxane and prostacyclin in neonatal calves given antiserum to a mutant Escherichia coli (J-5)
Authors: Morris Debra Deem , Bottoms Gerald D. , Whitlock R. H. , Johnson Martha A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma concentrations of the stable hydrolysis products of thromboxane (Tx) A2, TxB2, and prostacyclin (6-keto-prostaglandin F1α; pgf1α) were evaluated in 22 neonatal calves given endotoxin (0.5 μg/kg) by slow iv infusion over a 5-hour period. The effect of pretreatment with bovine antiserum to a mutant of Escherichia coli O111:B4 (J-5) on plasma concentrations of these eicosanoids was determined.
Plasma concentrations of TxB2 and 6-keto-pgf1α were increased in response to endotoxin infusion. The mean plasma concentrations of TxB2 peaked 1 hour after endotoxin infusion began and was significantly increased from base line through 8 hours. Mean plasma 6-keto-pgf1α concentration increased more slowly and was increased from base line only at 2 hours after endotoxin infusion began. Administration of bovine J-5 antiserum had no significant effect on endotoxin-induced thromboxane and prostacyclin production.
Restriction endonuclease patterns of bovine herpesvirus type 1 isolated from bovine mammary glands
Authors: Kennedy T. P. , Evermann J. F. , Cheevers W. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Restriction endonuclease analysis was used, in conjunction with viral neutralization and growth-curve experiments, to compare a bovine herpesvirus type 1 (bhv-1) isolate, originally obtained from bovine mammary gland lesions, with a standard bhv-1 strain, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Although differences were not detected by viral neutralization or growth-curve experiments, restriction fragment patterns generated by Bam HI, Eco RI, Hind III, and Hpa I, revealed definite differences between the isolate and the prototype strain. Additionally, Eco RI, Hind III, and Hpa I patterns revealed that the mammary gland isolate had DNA-fragment patterns characteristic of infectious pustular vulvovaginitis strain of bhv-1, type 2b. Seemingly, type-2b isolates, similar to types 1 and 2a, may be capable of causing divergent types of infection of variable severity in cattle.
Surface oximetry of healthy and ischemic equine intestine
Authors: Snyder Jack R. , Pascoe John R. , Holland Melissa , Kurpershoek Cornelis J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Measurements of jejunal, ileal, and large colon (pelvic flexure) surface O2 tension (Pso2) were made in halothane-anesthetized horses with a nonheated miniature oxygen polarographic electrode. Assisted ventilation with 100% O2 was used to maintain Paco2 tension at 50 ± 8 mm of Hg while mean arterial blood pressure was maintained ≥70 mm of Hg. Mean ± sd Pso2 for the intestinal segments were: jejunum (horses 1 to 4), 71 ± 20 mm of Hg; ileum (horses 1 to 4), 61 ± 8 mm of Hg; and pelvic flexure of the large colon (horses 1 to 10), 55 ± 13 mm of Hg. The response of the sensor to intestinal ischemia was studied in the large colon of an additional 12 halothane-anesthetized horses, using 4 types of vascular occlusion: venous (4 horses); arterial and venous (4 horses); venous and intramural vascular obstruction (2 horses); and arterial, venous, and intramural obstruction (2 horses). Venous and arterial occlusions were maintained for 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, whereas intramural obstruction combined with either type of vascular obstruction was studied for 60 to 120 minutes. After vascular occlusion, Pso2 decreased to 8 ± 7 mm of Hg for venous obstruction, 4 ± 3 mm of Hg for arterial and venous obstruction, 6 ± 0 mm of Hg for intramural and venous obstruction, and 3 ± 0 mm of Hg after intramural and arterial and venous obstruction. Thirty minutes after release of the clamps, the Pso2 increased to ≥ 50% of the preoccluded large colon value. Vascular obstruction produced variable gross changes in the appearance of the large colon, including altered serosal color, swelling of the intestinal wall, and leakage of serum from the serosal surface. Seemingly, surface oximetry could be used to detect intestinal ischemia and may be useful for determining intestinal viability.
Instrumental neutron-activation analysis of canine urinary calculi for some selected elements
Authors: Zinn Kurt R. , Glascock Michael D. , Schmidt Donald A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty canine urinary calculi, most of which had been qualitatively classified as struvite calculi, were analyzed by instrumental neutron activation analysis at the University of Missouri Research Reactor. Measurements of sodium, magnesium, aluminum, silicon, phosphorus, chloride, potassium, and calcium were possible, using a dual irradiation procedure. Magnesium was used to calculate the percentage of struvite mineral, Mg(NH4) (PO4)-6H2O, in the calculi by making use of the stoichiometric relationship of the element magnesium to the mineral. For those calculi containing greater than 80% struvite, the mean elemental concentrations were found to be 0.12% Na, 9.35% Mg, 0.0033% Al, 12.1% P, 0.02% Cl, 0.85% K, and 2.05% Ca.
A new method for determination of silicon in urinary calculi also was discussed. Two calculi were found to contain 45.0% and 37.3% silicon, and 1 mixed calculus was composed of 1.4% silicon.