bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Hybrid Simulation Study of the Windalia Sand Waterflood
Authors: Emanuel A. S. , Tang R. W. , McKay D. M. , Ellis M. H. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The Windalia reservoir is a 22,000 acre, 600 well oil reservoir with a 25 year waterflood history, complicated by stress induced fracturing and a major pattern realignment. The reservoir recovery performance was studied by an integrated combination of geostatistical, finite difference, and stream tube models. The methodology is an extension of previously published work1 to larger and more complex reservoir problems. The basis of the approach is a geostatistical reservoir description derived from well logs and core data. Fine grid 2-D and 3-D models are developed to correlate sweep efficiency as a function of characteristic reservoir stratigraphies. These correlations are translated into fractional flow functions and pseudo relative permeabilities which are used in full field stream tube models and 2-D areal finite difference models. The stream tubes provide recovery calculation and front tracking and the areal model provides a calculation for pressure and well productivity. The methodology provided a reasonable representation of the reservoir and its well histories for an efficient expenditure of labor and computer time. Model construction, well history matching and forecasts were completed in four months, a significant improvement over previous attempts to model this reservoir. Refinement, update and sensitivities continue as a reservoir management process.
A Novel Approach to Reconciling the Problems of Acquiring Diplog Data
Authors: Bigelow E. L. , Civarolo M. F. , Fishburn T. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
After a rigorous and dedicated period of field testing, a new-generation hexagonal dipmeter device is commercially available throughout most of the world. A unique powered standoff is a component part of the new 6-pad device. The powered standoff is located below the dip-pad section, enabling adequate standoff of the tool mandrel in boreholes at any deviation angle while removing the effect of mandrel weight from the dip pads. Prior to this uniquely designed equipment, dipmeter tools employed pad force from the dip pads themselves to attempt mandrel standoff, often resulting in less than desirable log data for processing purposes. A recently developed dip-processing package is used to illustrate results obtained from the hexagonal dipmeter.
Development of Coiled-Tubing-Conveyed Thru-Tubing Inflatable Selective Stimulation Tool
Authors: Coronado M. P. , Mody R. K. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Within the past year, an inflatable Thru-Tubing Selective Stimulation Tool (SST) has been successfully field tested, and has proven to be a valuable alternative to a conventional rig workover stimulation method. Use of this system eliminates the inefficient use of ball sealers or chemical diverter methods for perforation isolation, which often yield questionable results. The Selective Stimulation Tool has been designed primarily for coiled tubing applications, and the unique design aspects of the tool will be discussed which allow safe coiled tubing conveyance of the system. Since the SST is designed to run through the production tubing and work in the casing below, the need to pull the completion prior to the job is eliminated. This provides economic advantages in both the amount of equipment required and time spent on the job, since the well does not have to be re-completed after the treatment. Using coiled tubing as a workstring also allows the operation to be performed while the well is live. This eliminates the need to kill the well with heavy weight kill fluids, which may cause formation damage.
The SST utilizes dual inflatable packing elements for interval isolation to allow the precise placement of treating fluids within the wellbore. The tool is resettable, allowing a complete zone to be treated with only one coiled tubing trip in the hole. The development of this tool system has also accelerated the technical evolution of other thru-tubing and general inflatable element designs to increase their performance. The development and history of the inflatable element used for the SST system will be discussed in this paper.
This paper also outlines the design criteria used during the development of the tool system and the testing done to qualify the new inflatable element design. A description of the tools’ basic components will be included along with a summary of the different operational positions of the system.
In addition, a discussion of field applications completed to date will also be covered, as well as possible future operations which may utilize this new tool system.
Trends for Future Development Planning in the Norwegian North Sea
Authors: Arneberg J. E. , Guenther K. T. , Brandsøy Asleiv 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The paper presents an assessment of trends for development of future discoveries in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea. The key parameters affecting decisions on commercial development of smaller marginal fields are examined. Trends in investment cost, development technology, and project economics are discussed. Technologies and strategies that are expected to have a positive impact on future developments are discussed. Development trends are considered from the perspective of future oil price changes.
The information provided in the paper supports the following observations and conclusions: There is likely to be a high level of exploration and development activity in the Norwegian North Sea over the coming decades, but the trend will be clearly toward development of smaller fields supported by existing infrastructure.Commercial conditions for utilization of infrastructure are critical for development decisions and the selection of technology.
Materials Engineering in Marginal Field Developments
Authors: Mohagen S. T. , Houghton C. J. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper discusses the important role of materials engineering in contributing to the successful development and operation of marginal fields in the offshore environment, with particular reference to recent Phillips Petroleum developments in the UK and Norwegian sectors of the North Sea.
The applications of alternative materials, such as aluminium alloys and coatings, high alloy stainless steels and GRP (glass reinforced plastics) are discussed, highlighting the benefits and limitations as currently perceived. In conclusion, the paper reviews some of the issues, both technical and economic which may impede future possible applications of these materials.
Continuous Gas-Lift Instability: Diagnosis, Criteria, and Solutions
Authors: Alhanati F. J. S. , Schmidt Zelimir , Doty D. R. , Lagerief D. D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents field data that show how continuous gas lift instability is manifested. It also reviews former proposed criteria to predict the phenomenon. The best available criteria are selected and expanded to take into account different flow regimes for the surface gas injection valve and the bottomhole gas-lift valve. The expanded criteria are examined using field data. The criteria clearly show the relative importance of the different factors involved, and thereby help to assure stable flow conditions at the design phase or to decide what actions to take in order to stabilize an unstable gas lift well.
Improve Primary Cementing by Continuous Monitoring of Circulatable Hole
Authors: Ravi K. M. , Beirute R. M. , Covington R. L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that proper hole conditioning is critical to successful cementing operations. However, in the past, there has not been a reliable technique available to the industry to continuously monitor the volume of hole circulating. Liquid calipers (tracers) are difficult to run and cannot be run continuously to know how the well is cleaning and when the well is ready for cementing.This paper discusses a reliable technique to continuously estimate the circulatable hole during hole conditioning. This should provide the operator with a much better tool for improving the success of cement jobs. The method consists of making very sensitive measurements of surface pressure during circulation. A software package was developed to estimate the hole volume circulating from surface pressure, the fluid circulation rate, and fluid properties. The package makes corrections for pressure drop across casing attachments such as float shoes/collars and centralizers.The technique was demonstrated in a research well. Casing was run with attachments to simulate actual field conditions. Static and circulating periods as well as pipe movement were used as data was collected for several days. The effect of static periods, fluid circulation rates, fluid properties, and pipe movement on circulatable hole was clearly observed from these tests. To validate the continuous circulatable hole measurements, dye tracers were used to measure the circulatable hole. These measurements were in good agreement with the real time data from the proposed technique.The proposed technique works in actual wells. It allows continuous estimation of the effect of static periods, fluid circulation rates, pipe movement etc. on circulatable hole. The technique can be used to tell when the well is ready for cementing.The new technique will be very easily applicable to the field. It requires a sensitive pressure transducer at the wellhead, a reliable flowmeter, and properties of the fluid.
Efficient Modelling of Asphaltene Precipitation
Authors: Nghiem L. X. , Hassam M. S. , Nutakki Ram , George A. E. D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn efficient modelling technique based on the representation of the precipitated asphaltene as a pure dense phase is presented. The success of the approach is based on the division of the heaviest component in the oil into a non-precipitating and a precipitating component. The characterization of these components is discussed. This model was able to make quantitative predictions of experimental data from the literature as well as additional data from industry. This was achieved with only a small number of adjustable parameters (two or three). The mechanistic aspect of the model with regards to colloidal nature of asphaltene/resin micelles is also discussed. An algorithm for three-phase flash calculations with asphaltene precipitation is described.
Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations for Gulf of Mexico Crude Oils
Authors: Petrosky G. E. , Farshad F. F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
New empirical PVT correlations for estimating bubblepoint pressure, solution gas-oil ratio, bubblepoint oil formation volume factor and undersaturated isothermal oil compressibility have been developed as a function of commonly available field data.
Results show that these PVT properties can be predicted with average absolute errors ranging from 0.64% for bubblepoint oil formation volume factor to 6.66% for undersaturated isothermal oil compressibility.
A Cost-Effective Oilfield Brine Treatment Technology
Authors: Safargar M. R. , Tian Shifeng , Heckman S. W. , Watson R. W. , Adewumi M. A. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Stripper wells generally produce formation brine along with oil. In order to meet the discharge criteria established by federal and state environmental agencies, and to sustain continued production from these marginally economic wells, this brine must be treated in a cost-effective manner. This paper presents the research efforts leading to such a technology
Economic and Technical Rationale for Remediating Inefficiently Producing Eastern Gas Shale and Coalbed Methane Wells
Authors: Kuuskraa V. A. , Reeves S. R. , Schraufnagel R. A. , Spafford S. D. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
During the past five years, nearly 10,000 Antrim Shale, Devonian Shale and eastern coalbed methane wells have been drilled and completed in eastern basins. A portion of these new wells (and previously drilled, older wells) appear to have been inefficiently completed, stimulated and produced, due to limited understanding of the production mechanisms and lack of sound data on the interaction of drilling fluids on the shale or coal reservoir. Thus, substantial improvements may be achieved by remediating these wells. The economic incentives for remediation are particularly powerful. Successful remediation not only provides additional low cost gas production but may also provide additional Section 29 tax credits.
In the Antrim Shale, remediation involving pump refracturing and completion of additional zones have led to substantial gains in gas production. However, the identification of wells requiring restimulation has been more challenging. Pressure buildup testing and productivity index matching have been utilized to identify such candidates.
In the Warrior Basin, restimulation of poorly producing wells has had more mixed results. Based on the experiences learned from the GRI Rock Creek Field Laboratory, a remediation program is being initiated in the Warrior Basin with support of GRI and basin operators.
This paper sets forth a technical and economic rationale for a remediation research and deployment program for eastern gas shale and coalbed methane wells. A series of case studies summarize some of the results achieved to date.
Rate Decline of an Arbitrarily Positioned Well in Composite and Irregular Reservoirs
Authors: Zhang WenXia , Chu Lifu , Grader A. S. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Transient rate analysis is currently focused on infinite or circular reservoirs with concentric wells. Rate decline responses for a constant pressure well which is arbitrarily located in a regularly or an irregularly shaped reservoir or in a composite reservoir are not documented in the literature. This paper presents two new solution techniques for rate decline behaviors in such complex systems. For the composite model, the analytical Laplace solution is based upon placing a constant pressure well with an arbitrary location in a two-composite radially concentric domain. By varying the properties and the geometries of the domains, the new model provides several new settings for transient rate analysis. The paper discusses the characteristic responses of such composite systems. In the case of an arbitrarily shaped drainage area, the external boundary is replaced by a group of line source boundary wells. The paper outlines the criteria for placing these wells to create the effects of the boundary. This semi-analytical method permits us to study rate declines in cases that cannot be studied analytically.
Using Tracers To Evaluate Propped Fracture Width
Authors: Holditch S. A. , Holcomb D. L. , Rahim Zillur 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Many production engineers are beginning to use threedimensional (3-D) fracture propagation models to design and analyze hydraulic fracture treatments. To use a 3-D model, one must define the layers that comprise the reservoir and develop detailed datasets that accurately describe the layers.1,2,3 The data that are critical for designing and analyzing hydraulic fracture treatments are in-situ stress, formation permeability, formation porosity, reservoir pressure, and Young's modulus. Many times, these parameters can be determined from logs and/or correlated to lithology.
Once the datasets are obtained, one can use a threedimensional fracture propagation model to estimate values of created or propped fracture length, width, and height. To understand and improve the fracture design process, the engineer must confirm the estimates of fracture dimensions that are predicted by a fracture propagation model. To verify the model, one must analyze field data to be sure the field data are consistent with the model results.4 For example, the net pressure predicted by the 3-D fracture propagation model should closely match the net pressures observed in the field. When net pressure is adequately matched, we usually find that the overall created fracture dimensions predicted by a 3-D fracture propagation model are reasonable. To determine estimates of propped fracture length, one must also analyze post-fracture production and pressure transient data. Because of fracture fluid cleanup problems, we often find that values of propped fracture length generated by analyzing field production data are much shorter than the created fracture length predicted by the fracture propagation model.5 Detailed engineering studies are often required to reconcile the differences.
To directly measure values of fracture width, one must perform a fracture treatment in openhole, then use a downhole imaging tool to "see" the fracture. Such an approach is not usually practical. In this paper, we will describe a method to qualitatively estimate the propped width profile at the borehole that uses radioactive tracers. Confirming the propped width profile generated by a model with field data can be very beneficial and informative.
We have found that the use of zero wash radioactive tracers can help us learn both (1) where the fracture fluid is going and (2) where the proppant resides in the fracture near the wellbore.5,6 Assuming the level of radioactivity is proportional to volume, then the level of radioactivity will also be proportional to the propped fracture width. As such, one can obtain qualitative estimates of propped fracture width at the wellbore using a radioactive tracer where the strength of the radioactive signal is proportional to fracture volume near the wellbore.
TREAT: Transient Response Evaluation Advisor Tool
Authors: Izarra L. A. , Montero A. E. , Alvarado R. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A user-friendly expert system was developed for the model diagnosis in well test interpretation. The perplexing difficulty arising from the nonuniqueness of the transient response, is significantly diminished with this expert system. This knowledge-based application combines available theoretical models with the technical expertise and know-how of the human analyst. This tool provides two complementary means for model diagnosis and selection, namely pattern recognition with the pressure derivative function and a historical module containing previous test responses for cross-references.
Role of Well Test Quality Control in Reservoir Description
Authors: Prat G. Da 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
In this work first a brief summary is given to the operational procedure used in the field to acquire well test data. Also the methodology used for data analysis and interpretation is presented. The main objective of this work is to present the impact that the quality of the acquired data will have on reservoir management and description. The procedures used to assure that the data being recorded during a well test has the best quality are presented. The most important conclusion derived from this work is that even though in the interpretation of the reservoir model derived from testing data we may find inconsistencies or anomalies, they are due to the elaboration of a reservoir testing model based on poor data quality.
Reactivation of Marginal Fields
Authors: Orunesu R. A. , Hernández J. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
This paper describes the methodology applied for the evaluation and reactivation of a field that was considered marginal for many years: Challacó Field, located in the Neuquén Basin, 70 km from the city of Neuquén. Figure No 1.
The study carried out made it possible to have a precise volume of reserves and a program of operations for their production. Such study was performed prior to the beginning of the operations, minimizing risks and uncertainties.
One of the most important factors to be taken into account is the necessity of a good understanding of the reservoir in order to increase the possibility of success in any intent of reactivation of any field.
The permanent implementation of a complete study of Geology and Engineering of Reservoir will allow to increase the factor of hydrocarbons recovery in place, thus incorporating an important volume of reserves in a more economical way than the ones obtained in some cases by means of exploratory conventional techniques.
Most of the reserves of our country and of the world can be surely found in fields that have been or actually are subexploited due to different reasons, political, economical, etc., and in many cases to lack of investments in reservoir studies.
Determination of the Discount Rate in the Absence of Capital Markets
Authors: Ransome G. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
Traditionally debt and equity Capital Markets are used by firms in determining risk-adjusted discount rates. In countries where capital markets do not exist the discount rate is often determined subjectively.
This paper presents a novel approach for determining the discount rate for Exploration and Production projects by circumventing the use of the market determined rate on equity.
A Financial Analysis of the Natural Gas Industry of Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Ramlal V. , Boopsingh T. M. 
Published: December 2007

ABSTRACT
The natural gas industry of Trinidad and Tobago is divided into the upstream and the downstream, the latter including the transmission company. Past financial data was collected for both the upstream and downstream, and a computer model was generated that incorporates the upstream with the downstream. Financial projections were made that took into account plant expansions or renovations to the year 1996.
In this paper the relationships between gas price, profit and taxes for the upstream and downstream are investigated, and several combinations of upstream and downstream gas prices and their resulting effect on profitability and taxes are considered. An optimum gas price scenario is sought in order to facilitate further development of the gas industry. The significance of the natural gas industry as a foreign exchange earner is also discussed. The paper concludes that the current pricing system may be close to the optimum, if speedy development of the country's natural gas resources is the principal objective of the system.
Design of Tracer Tests for Natural Gas Underground Storage Operations - A Simulation Approach
Authors: Yeh Y. J. , Kuo M. C. T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Chinese Petroleum Corporation started the import of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG) from Indonesia in 1990 and utilized a depleted gas reservoir, Tiehchenshan Gas Field, to store the surplus LNG. With a compositional reservoir simulator, this paper investigated the feasibility of using CO2 as a tracer for monitoring the flow path of injected LNG. The CO2 content in the Tiehchenshan gas and Indonesia LNG is around 2 mole % and 0 mole %, respectively. The simulation results indicated that monitoring the CO2 concentration change at the producing wells would help understand the flow path of the injected gas and the reservoir description for Tiehchenshan Gas Field.
Currently, compositional simulators seldom take the radioactive decay into account. This paper successfully developed a simple method which would allows the users of compositional simulators to design a test using a radioactive tracer. The simulation results showed that the mechanism of radioactive decay must be taken into account during the design and analysis of radioactive tracer tests for underground gas storage operations.