bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent development and fighting strategies for lincosamide antibiotic resistance
Authors: Yang Yingying , Xie Shiyu , He Fangjing , Xu Yindi , Wang Zhifang , Ihsan Awais , Wang Xu 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY

Lincosamides constitute an important class of antibiotics used against a wide range of pathogens, including methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
. However, due to the misuse of lincosamide and co-selection pressure, the resistance to lincosamide has become a serious concern. It is urgently needed to carefully understand the phenomenon and mechanism of lincosamide resistance to effectively prevent and control lincosamide resistance. To date, six mobile lincosamide resistance classes, including
lnu
,
cfr
,
erm
,
vga
,
lsa
, and
sal,
have been identified. These lincosamide resistance genes are frequently found on mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids, transposons, integrative and conjugative elements, genomic islands, and prophages. Additionally, MGEs harbor the genes that confer resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes but also to metals and biocides. The ultimate purpose of discovering and summarizing bacterial resistance is to prevent, control, and combat resistance effectively. This review highlights four promising strategies, including chemical modification of antibiotics, the development of antimicrobial peptides, the initiation of bacterial self-destruct program, and antimicrobial stewardship, to fight against resistance and safeguard global health.
Gut-associated functions are favored during microbiome assembly across a major part of
C. elegans
life
Authors: Zimmermann Johannes , Piecyk Agnes , Sieber Michael , Petersen Carola , Johnke Julia , Moitinho-Silva Lucas , Künzel Sven , Bluhm Lena , Traulsen Arne , Kaleta Christoph , Schulenburg Hinrich 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The microbiome expresses a variety of functions that influence host biology. The range of functions depends on the microbiome’s composition, which can change during the host’s lifetime due to neutral assembly processes, host-mediated selection, and environmental conditions. To date, the exact dynamics of microbiome assembly, the underlying determinants, and the effects on host-associated functions remain poorly understood. Here, we used the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
and a defined community of fully sequenced, naturally associated bacteria to study microbiome dynamics and functions across a major part of the worm’s lifetime of hosts under controlled experimental conditions. Bacterial community composition initially shows strongly declining levels of stochasticity, which increases during later time points, suggesting selective effects in younger animals as opposed to more random processes in older animals. The adult microbiome is enriched in genera
Ochrobactrum
and
Enterobacter
compared to the direct substrate and a host-free control environment. Using pathway analysis, metabolic, and ecological modeling, we further find that the lifetime assembly dynamics increase competitive strategies and gut-associated functions in the host-associated microbiome, indicating that the colonizing bacteria benefit the worm. Overall, our study introduces a framework for studying microbiome assembly dynamics based on stochastic, ecological, and metabolic models, yielding new insights into the processes that determine host-associated microbiome composition and function.

IMPORTANCE

The microbiome plays a crucial role in host biology. Its functions depend on the microbiome composition that can change during a host’s lifetime. To date, the dynamics of microbiome assembly and the resulting functions still need to be better understood. This study introduces a new approach to characterize the functional consequences of microbiome assembly by modeling both the relevance of stochastic processes and metabolic characteristics of microbial community changes. The approach was applied to experimental time-series data obtained for the microbiome of the nematode
Caenorhabditis elegans
across the major part of its lifetime. Stochastic processes played a minor role, whereas beneficial bacteria as well as gut-associated functions enriched in hosts. This indicates that the host might actively shape the composition of its microbiome. Overall, this study provides a framework for studying microbiome assembly dynamics and yields new insights into
C. elegans
microbiome functions.
Identifying and characterizing missing source orogens for syn-orogenic basins based on detrital accessory mineral U-Pb geochronology and trace element geochemistry
Authors: Wang Lijun , Lin Shoufa , Xiao Wenjiao , Hanchar John M. , Collins William J. , Davis Donald W. , Yakymchuk Chris , Xing Guangfu , Niu Zhijun , Xiang Dunfeng , van Staal Cees R. , Wú Qǐháng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Identifying source orogens for syn-orogenic sediments in dispersed fragments of a supercontinent provides key information on the tectonic evolution of the orogens involved in supercontinent assembly and on paleogeographic reconstruction. An approach using U-Pb geochronology and trace elements of multiple detrital minerals including zircon, rutile, apatite, and monazite has major advantages over detrital zircon studies alone. Application of this multi-pronged approach to Ediacaran and Cambrian clastic sedimentary rocks from the West Cathaysia terrane of the South China block demonstrates that these rocks were deposited in two distinct, but overlapping, syn-orogenic basins related to the assembly of eastern Gondwana. The Ediacaran rocks have detritus likely sourced from the Paterson-Petermann orogen (PPO) in Australia, and the dominant 650–600 Ma populations and trace element compositions of detrital rutile and apatite indicate a significant Ediacaran thermal and high-pressure metamorphic event in the orogen. The appearance of Cambrian and Tonian detrital rutile and apatite populations in the Cambrian rocks indicates derivation from a different source orogen characterized by multiple thermal events, most likely the Kuunga-Pinjarra orogen (KPO). Our data suggest that West Cathaysia was located adjacent to both the PPO and the KPO and support the hypothesis that the PPO was a collisional, rather than a long-lived post-Grenvillian intraplate, orogen. Our data also suggest a poly-metamorphic history for the poorly preserved northern part of the KPO and a larger expanse of Greater India.
Multiple adverse outcomes associated with antipsychotic use in people with dementia: population based matched cohort study
Authors: Mok Pearl L H , Carr Matthew J , Guthrie Bruce , Morales Daniel R , Sheikh Aziz , Elliott Rachel A , Camacho Elizabeth M , van Staa Tjeerd , Avery Anthony J , Ashcroft Darren M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
To investigate risks of multiple adverse outcomes associated with use of antipsychotics in people with dementia.

Design
Population based matched cohort study.

Setting
Linked primary care, hospital and mortality data from Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), England.

Population
Adults (≥50 years) with a diagnosis of dementia between 1 January 1998 and 31 May 2018 (n=173 910, 63.0% women). Each new antipsychotic user (n=35 339, 62.5% women) was matched with up to 15 non-users using incidence density sampling.

Main outcome measures
The main outcomes were stroke, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, heart failure, ventricular arrhythmia, fracture, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury, stratified by periods of antipsychotic use, with absolute risks calculated using cumulative incidence in antipsychotic users versus matched comparators. An unrelated (negative control) outcome of appendicitis and cholecystitis combined was also investigated to detect potential unmeasured confounding.

Results
Compared with non-use, any antipsychotic use was associated with increased risks of all outcomes, except ventricular arrhythmia. Current use (90 days after a prescription) was associated with elevated risks of pneumonia (hazard ratio 2.19, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.10 to 2.28), acute kidney injury (1.72, 1.61 to 1.84), venous thromboembolism (1.62, 1.46 to 1.80), stroke (1.61, 1.52 to 1.71), fracture (1.43, 1.35 to 1.52), myocardial infarction (1.28, 1.15 to 1.42), and heart failure (1.27, 1.18 to 1.37). No increased risks were observed for the negative control outcome (appendicitis and cholecystitis). In the 90 days after drug initiation, the cumulative incidence of pneumonia among antipsychotic users was 4.48% (4.26% to 4.71%) versus 1.49% (1.45% to 1.53%) in the matched cohort of non-users (difference 2.99%, 95% CI 2.77% to 3.22%).

Conclusions
Antipsychotic use compared with non-use in adults with dementia was associated with increased risks of stroke, venous thromboembolism, myocardial infarction, heart failure, fracture, pneumonia, and acute kidney injury, but not ventricular arrhythmia. The range of adverse outcomes was wider than previously highlighted in regulatory alerts, with the highest risks soon after initiation of treatment.
Cohort profile: Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) – an international consortium of prospective cohort studies with individual participant data on hip osteoarthritis
Authors: van Buuren Michiel M A , Riedstra Noortje S , van den Berg Myrthe A , Boel Fleur D E M , Ahedi Harbeer , Arbabi Vahid , Arden Nigel K , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M A , Boer Cindy G , Cicuttini Flavia , Cootes Timothy F , Crossley Kay , Felson David , Gielis Willem Paul , Heerey Joshua , Jones Graeme , Kluzek Stefan , Lane Nancy E , Lindner Claudia , Lynch John A , Van Meurs J , Mosler Andrea B , Nelson Amanda E , Nevitt M , Oei Edwin , Runhaar Jos , Tang Jinchi , Weinans Harrie , Agricola Rintje 
Published: April 2024

PurposeHip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major cause of pain and disability worldwide. Lack of effective therapies may reflect poor knowledge on its aetiology and risk factors, and result in the management of end-stage hip OA with costly joint replacement. The Worldwide Collaboration on OsteoArthritis prediCtion for the Hip (World COACH) consortium was established to pool and harmonise individual participant data from prospective cohort studies. The consortium aims to better understand determinants and risk factors for the development and progression of hip OA, to optimise and automate methods for (imaging) analysis, and to develop a personalised prediction model for hip OA.ParticipantsWorld COACH aimed to include participants of prospective cohort studies with ≥200 participants, that have hip imaging data available from at least 2 time points at least 4 years apart. All individual participant data, including clinical data, imaging (data), biochemical markers, questionnaires and genetic data, were collected and pooled into a single, individual-level database.Findings to dateWorld COACH currently consists of 9 cohorts, with 38 021 participants aged 18–80 years at baseline. Overall, 71% of the participants were women and mean baseline age was 65.3±8.6 years. Over 34 000 participants had baseline pelvic radiographs available, and over 22 000 had an additional pelvic radiograph after 8–12 years of follow-up. Even longer radiographic follow-up (15–25 years) is available for over 6000 of these participants.Future plansThe World COACH consortium offers unique opportunities for studies on the relationship between determinants/risk factors and the development or progression of hip OA, by using harmonised data on clinical findings, imaging, biomarkers, genetics and lifestyle. This provides a unique opportunity to develop a personalised hip OA risk prediction model and to optimise methods for imaging analysis of the hip.
Effect and outcome of equity, diversity and inclusion programs in healthcare institutions: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Buh Amos , Kang Rachel , Kiska Rohan , Fung Stephen G , Solmi Marco , Scott Mekaylah , Salman Maria , Lee Kathryn , Milone Benjamin , Wafy Gamal , Syed Sarah , Dhaliwal Shan , Gibb Maya , Akbari Ayub , Brown Pierre A , Hundemer Gregory L , Sood Manish M 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundEquity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in the healthcare field are crucial in meeting the healthcare needs of a progressively diverse society. In fact, a diverse healthcare workforce enables culturally sensitive care, promotes health equity and enhances the understanding of various needs and patients’ viewpoints, potentially resulting in more effective patient treatment and improved patient outcomes. Despite this, information on the effectiveness of policies or programmes promoting EDI in health institutions is scarce. The objective of this systematic review is to assess the effects and outcomes of EDI programmes in healthcare institutions.MethodsWe will conduct Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-compliant systematic review of studies on EDI programmes and describe their effects and outcomes in healthcare institutions. We will search PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL and PsycINFO databases. Selected studies will include randomised control trials (RCTs), non-RCTs and cross-sectional studies published either in English or French. Quality appraisal of studies and a narrative synthesis of extracted data will be conducted as well as a meta-analysis if possible. The quality of evidence in this review will be assessed by the Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation.Anticipated resultsWe anticipate that this systematic review will reveal information on the effect of EDI programmes and their outcomes in healthcare institutions. We expect this information will provide insights that will lead to improvements in designing EDI policies and programmes in healthcare institutions.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical clearance is required for this study as no primary data will be collected. The final manuscript will be submitted to a journal for publication. In addition to this, the results of the study will also be disseminated through conference presentations to inform the research and clinical practice.Review registrationThis protocol has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews; registration number CRD42024502781.
Rate of severe exacerbations, healthcare resource utilisation and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD in low-income and middle-income countries: results from the EXACOS International Study
Authors: Athanazio Rodrigo Abensur , Bernal Villada Laura , Avdeev Sergey N , Wang Hao-Chien , Ramírez-Venegas Alejandra , Sivori Martín , Dreyse Jorge , Pacheco Manuel , Man Sin Kit , Noriega-Aguirre Lorena , Farouk Hisham 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionTheEXAcerbations ofChronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) and theirOutcomeS(EXACOS) International Study aimed to quantify the rate of severe exacerbations and examine healthcare resource utilisation (HCRU) and clinical outcomes in patients with COPD from low-income and middle-income countries.MethodsEXACOS International was an observational, cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection from medical records for a period of up to 5 years. Data were collected from 12 countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Hong Kong, Mexico, Panama, Russia and Taiwan. The study population comprised patients ≥40 years of age with COPD. Outcomes/variables included the prevalence of severe exacerbations, the annual rate of severe exacerbations and time between severe exacerbations; change in lung function over time (measured by the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1)); peripheral blood eosinophil counts (BECs) and the prevalence of comorbidities; treatment patterns; and HCRU.ResultsIn total, 1702 patients were included in the study. The study population had a mean age of 69.7 years, with 69.4% males, and a mean body mass index of 26.4 kg/m2. The mean annual prevalence of severe exacerbations was 20.1%, and 48.4% of patients experienced ≥1 severe exacerbation during the 5-year study period. As the number of severe exacerbations increased, the interval between successive exacerbations decreased. A statistically significant decrease in mean (SD) FEV1from baseline to post-baseline was observed in patients with ≥1 severe exacerbation (1.23 (0.51) to 1.13 (0.52) L; p=0.0000). Mean BEC was 0.198 x109cells/L, with 64.7% of patients having a BEC ≥0.1 x109 cells/L and 21.3% having a BEC ≥0.3 x109 cells/L. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (58.3%). An increasing number of severe exacerbations per year was associated with greater HCRU.DiscussionThe findings presented here indicate that effective treatment strategies to prevent severe exacerbations in patients with COPD remain a significant unmet need in low-income and middle-income countries.
Can micro-guidewire advancement forces predict clot consistency and location to assist the first-line technique for mechanical thrombectomy?
Authors: Reymond Philippe , Roussinova Evgenia , Brina Olivier , Hofmeister Jeremy , Bernava Gianmarco , Rosi Andrea , Galand William , Lovblad Karl-Olof , Pereira Vitor M , Bouri Mohamed , Machi Paolo 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundThe identification of specific clot characteristics before mechanical thrombectomy (MTB) might allow the selection of the most effective first-line technique, thus potentially improving the procedural outcome. We aimed to evaluate if the microwire push forces could extrapolate information on clot consistency and extension before MTB, based on clot mechanical properties.MethodsWe measured in vitro the forces exerted on the proximal extremity of the guidewire during the advancement and retrieval of the guidewire through clot analogs of different compositions. In addition, we analyzed the forces exerted on the guidewire to extrapolate information about the location of the proximal and distal extremities of the clot analogs.ResultsThe maximum forces recorded during the whole penetration phase were significantly different for hard and soft clots (median values, 55.6 mN vs 15.4 mN, respectively; P<0.0001). The maximum slope of the force curves recorded during the advancement of the guidewire for the first 3 s of penetration also significantly differentiated soft from hard clot analogs (7.6 mN/s vs 23.9 mN/s, respectively; P<0.0001). In addition, the qualitative analysis of the shape of the force curves obtained during the advancement and retrieval of the guidewire showed a good potential for the identification of the proximal and distal edges of the clot analogs.ConclusionOur results demonstrated that it was possible to differentiate between soft and hard clot analogs. Furthermore, force measurements could give important information about the location of the clot extremities. Such an approach might support the selection of the first-line MTB technique, with the potential to improve the outcome.
Polygenic Risk Score Predicts Earlier-Onset Adult Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and First-Year Renal Diseases in a Taiwanese Cohort
Authors: Chen Yen-Ju , Hsiao Tzu-Hung , Lin Ying-Cheng , Jeng Wen-Juei , Mao Chien-Lin , Wei Chia-Yi , Hsieh Yi-Chung , Huang Chih-Jen , Pan Mei-Hung , Chen I-Chieh , Lin Ching-Heng , Chen Yi-Ming , Yang Hwai-I 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThis study aimed to develop a predictive model using polygenic risk score (PRS) to forecast renal outcomes for adult systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a Taiwanese population.MethodsPatients with SLE (n=2782) and matched non-SLE controls (n=11 128) were genotyped using Genome-Wide TWB 2.0 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. PRS models (C+T, LDpred2, Lassosum, PRSice-2, PRS-continuous shrinkage (CS)) were constructed for predicting SLE susceptibility. Logistic regression was assessed for C+T-based PRS association with renal involvement in patients with SLE.ResultsIn the training set, C+T-based SLE-PRS, only incorporating 27 SNPs, outperformed other models with area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.629, surpassing Lassosum (AUC=0.621), PRSice-2 (AUC=0.615), LDpred2 (AUC=0.609) and PRS-CS (AUC=0.602). Additionally, C+T-based SLE-PRS demonstrated consistent predictive capacity in the testing set (AUC=0.620). Individuals in the highest quartile exhibited earlier SLE onset (39.06 vs 44.22 years, p<0.01), higher Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index scores (3.00 vs 2.37, p=0.04), elevated risks of renal involvement within the first year of SLE diagnosis, including WHO class III–IV lupus nephritis (OR 2.36, 95% CI 1.47 to 3.80, p<0.01), estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2(OR 1.49, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.89, p<0.01) and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio >150 mg/day (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.49 to 2.89, p<0.01), along with increased seropositivity risks, compared with those in the lowest quartile. Furthermore, among patients with SLE with onset before 50 years, the highest PRS quartile was significantly associated with more serious renal diseases within the first year of SLE diagnosis.ConclusionsPRS of SLE is associated with earlier onset, renal involvement within the first year of SLE diagnosis and seropositivity in Taiwanese patients. Integrating PRS with clinical decision-making may enhance lupus nephritis screening and early treatment to improve renal outcomes in patients with SLE.
Awareness of tobacco industry tactics among tobacco control communities in Thailand and its association with attitudes towards tobacco industry and perceptions of e-cigarettes
Authors: Patanavanich Roengrudee , Glantz Stanton 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTobacco industry denormalisation is a key strategy recommended by the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control as it is associated with reducing smoking behaviours and positively influencing public and policymakers’ opinion towards tobacco control. However, studies of awareness of tobacco industry tactics among public health players and policymakers in low-income and middle-income countries are limited.MethodsWe conducted an online survey of individuals who had been involved in tobacco control in Thailand. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between awareness of tobacco industry tactics and different attitudes towards tobacco industry and perceptions towards e-cigarettes, controlling for role in tobacco control and demographics among 441 respondents.ResultsOf the respondents, 11.3% had never heard of any tobacco industry tactics, whereas 11.1% had heard of all tactics asked in the survey. Tobacco industry tactics which were less known by participants were intimidation (30.6%) and illicit trade (37.4%). Participants who were more aware of tobacco industry tactics were more likely to have negative attitudes towards the tobacco industry and e-cigarettes. Compared with active experts of the Provincial Tobacco Products Control Committee and provincial public health officials who work in tobacco control programmes, advocates who worked for civil society organisations in tobacco control were more aware of tobacco industry tactics and had less favourable perceptions of e-cigarettes.ConclusionThis study emphasises the importance of educating public health professionals and policymakers about tobacco industry behaviour, especially in the era of e-cigarettes.