bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microsatellite markers developed from Theobroma cacao L. expressed sequence tags
Authors: BORRONE JAMES W. , BROWN J. STEVEN , KUHN DAVID N. , MOTAMAYOR JUAN C. , SCHNELL RAYMOND J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTheobroma cacao L. expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were converted into useful genetic markers for fingerprinting individuals and genetic linkage mapping. Primers were designed to microsatellite‐containing ESTs. Twenty‐two T. cacao accessions, parents of various mapping populations segregating for disease resistance and crop yield characteristics, were tested. Twenty‐seven informative loci were discovered with 26 primer pairs. The number of detected alleles ranged from two to 11 and averaged 4.4 per locus. All 27 markers could be mapped into at least one of the existing F1 or F2 populations segregating for agronomically important traits.
Identifying management zones in agricultural fields using spatially constrained classification of soil and ancillary data
Authors: Frogbrook Z. L. , Oliver M. A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSite‐specific management requires accurate knowledge of the spatial variation in a range of soil properties within fields. This involves considerable sampling effort, which is costly. Ancillary data, such as crop yield, elevation and apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil, can provide insight into the spatial variation of some soil properties. A multivariate classification with spatial constraint imposed by the variogram was used to classify data from two arable crop fields. The yield data comprised 5 years of crop yield, and the ancillary data 3 years of yield data, elevation and ECa. Information on soil chemical and physical properties was provided by intensive surveys of the soil. Multivariate variograms computed from these data were used to constrain sites spatially within classes to increase their contiguity. The constrained classifications resulted in coherent classes, and those based on the ancillary data were similar to those from the soil properties. The ancillary data seemed to identify areas in the field where the soil is reasonably homogeneous. The results of targeted sampling showed that these classes could be used as a basis for management and to guide future sampling of the soil.
Administrative Data Algorithms Can Describe Ambulatory Physician Utilization
Authors: Shah Baiju R. , Hux Janet E. , Laupacis Andreas , Zinman Bernard , Cauch‐Dudek Karen , Booth Gillian L. 
Published: January 2007

Objective. To validate algorithms using administrative data that characterize ambulatory physician care for patients with a chronic disease.Data Sources. Seven‐hundred and eighty‐one people with diabetes were recruited mostly from community pharmacies to complete a written questionnaire about their physician utilization in 2002. These data were linked with administrative databases detailing health service utilization.Study Design. An administrative data algorithm was defined that identified whether or not patients received specialist care, and it was tested for agreement with self‐report. Other algorithms, which assigned each patient to a primary care and specialist physician, were tested for concordance with self‐reported regular providers of care.Principal Findings. The algorithm to identify whether participants received specialist care had 80.4 percent agreement with questionnaire responses (κ=0.59). Compared with self‐report, administrative data had a sensitivity of 68.9 percent and specificity 88.3 percent for identifying specialist care. The best administrative data algorithm to assign each participant's regular primary care and specialist providers was concordant with self‐report in 82.6 and 78.2 percent of cases, respectively.Conclusions. Administrative data algorithms can accurately match self‐reported ambulatory physician utilization.
Voxel‐based T2 Relaxation Rate Measurements in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy (TLE) with and without Mesial Temporal Sclerosis
Authors: Mueller Susanne G. , Laxer Kenneth D. , Schuff Norbert , Weiner Michael W. 
Published: January 2007

Summary:  Introduction: Quantitative measurements of T2 relaxation in the hippocampus for focus lateralization in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) are well established. Less is known to what degree such relaxation abnormalities also affect regions beyond the ipsilateral hippocampus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize extent and distribution pattern of extrahippocampal relaxation abnormalities in TLE with (TLE‐MTS) and without MRI evidence of mesial‐temporal sclerosis (TLE‐no). Methods: Double spin echo images (TE1/2: 20/80 ms) acquired in 24 TLE‐MTS and 18 TLE‐no were used to calculate relaxation rate maps. These maps were analyzed by SPM2 and by selecting regions of interest (ROI) in the hippocampus and several extrahippocampal brain regions. Results: In TLE‐MTS, the results of the SPM and ROI analysis were in good agreement and showed the most severe relaxation rate decreases in the ipsilateral hippocampus but also in other ipsilateral temporal regions, orbitofrontal, and parietal regions and to a lesser degree in contralateral frontal regions. The relaxation rate decreases in TLE‐no were confined to small regions in the ipsilateral anterior inferior and medial temporal lobe in the SPM analysis while ROI analysis showed additional regions in the ipsilateral hippocampus, amygdala, and anterior cingulate. Conclusion: TLE‐MTS showed extensive, widespread but predominantly ipsilateral temporal and also extratemporal T2 relaxation rate decreases. In contrast, the findings of the SPM and ROI analyses in TLE‐no suggested that if relaxation rate decreases are present, they are less uniform and generally milder than in TLE‐MTS. This further supports the hypothesis that TLE‐no is a distinct clinicopathological entity from TLE‐MTS and probably heterogeneous in itself.
Lower Extremity Ischemia, Calf Skeletal Muscle Characteristics, and Functional Impairment in Peripheral Arterial Disease
Authors: McDermott Mary M. , Hoff Frederick , Ferrucci Luigi , Pearce William H. , Guralnik Jack M. , Tian Lu , Liu Kiang , Schneider Joseph R. , Sharma Leena , Tan Jin , Criqui Michael H. 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether lower ankle brachial index (ABI) levels are associated with lower calf skeletal muscle area and higher calf muscle percentage fat in persons with and without lower extremity peripheral arterial disease (PAD).DESIGN: Cross‐sectional.SETTING: Three Chicago‐area medical centers.PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred thirty‐nine persons with PAD (ABI<0.90) and 265 without PAD (ABI 0.90–1.30).MEASUREMENTS: Calf muscle cross‐sectional area and the percentage of fat in calf muscle were measured using computed tomography at 66.7% of the distance between the distal and proximal tibia. Physical activity was measured using an accelerometer. Functional measures included the 6‐minute walk, 4‐meter walking speed, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB).RESULTS: Adjusting for age, sex, race, comorbidities, and other potential confounders, lower ABI values were associated with lower calf muscle area (ABI<0.50, 5,193 mm2; ABI 0.50–0.90, 5,536 mm2; ABI 0.91–1.30, 5,941 mm2; P for trend<.001). These significant associations remained after additional adjustment for physical activity. In participants with PAD, lower calf muscle area in the leg with higher ABI was associated with significantly poorer performance in usual‐ and fast‐paced 4‐meter walking speed and on the SPPB, adjusting for ABI, physical activity, percentage fat in calf muscle, muscle area in the leg with lower ABI, and other confounders (P<.05 for all comparisons).CONCLUSION: These data support the hypothesis that lower extremity ischemia has a direct adverse effect on calf skeletal muscle area. This association may mediate previously established relationships between PAD and functional impairment.
Modification of cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients: An evidence‐based review
Authors: JOHNSON David W. , CRAVEN Ann‐Maree , ISBEL Nicole Maree 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCardiovascular disease accounts for 40% to 50% of deaths in dialysis populations. Overall, the risk of cardiac mortality is 10‐fold to 20‐fold greater in dialysis patients than in age and sex‐matched controls without chronic kidney disease. The aim of this paper is to review critically the evidence that cardiac outcomes in dialysis patients are modified by cardiovascular risk factor interventions. There is limited, but as yet inconclusive controlled trial evidence that cardiovascular outcomes in dialysis populations may be improved by antioxidants (vitamin E or acetylcysteine), ensuring that hemoglobin levels do not exceed 120 g/L (especially in the setting of known cardiovascular disease), prescribing carvedilol in the setting of dilated cardiomyopathy, and by using cinacalcet in uncontrolled secondary hyperparathyroidism. Similarly, there are a number of negative controlled trials, which have demonstrated that statins, high‐dose folic acid, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, multiple risk factor intervention via multidisciplinary clinics, and high‐dose or high‐flux dialysis are ineffective in preventing cardiovascular disease. Although none of these studies could be considered conclusive, the negative trials to date should raise significant concerns about the heavy reliance of current clinical practice guidelines on extrapolation of findings from cardiovascular intervention trials in the general population. It may be that cardiovascular disease in dialysis populations is less amenable to intervention, either because of the advanced stage of chronic kidney disease or because the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in dialysis patients is different from that in the general population. Large, well‐conducted, multicenter randomized‐controlled trials in this area are urgently required.
Hemolysis‐induced acute pancreatitis secondary to kinked hemodialysis blood lines
Authors: ABTAHI Mahdi , UZAN Martine , SOUID Marc 
Published: January 2007

AbstractHemolytic reactions have become extremely rare in chronic maintenance hemodialysis. We present the case of a young dialysis patient with hemolysis‐induced acute pancreatitis secondary to kinked hemodialysis blood lines. With new blood lines on the market, attention to this aspect of dialysis is mandatory.
Can a left internal jugular catheter be used in the hemodialysis of a patient with persistent left superior vena cava?
Authors: STYLIANOU Konstantinos , KORSAVAS Konstantinos , VOLOUDAKI Argyro , PATRIANAKOS Alexandros , VARDAKI Eleftheria , TZENAKIS Nikolaos , DAPHNIS Eugene 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA patient with a persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) was incidentally diagnosed after positioning of a dual lumen catheter for hemodialysis into the left internal jugular vein. Although PLSVC is a relatively rare condition, it is the most common congenital anomaly of thoracic venous circulation. It represents the persistence of the left horn of the embryonic sinus venosus, which normally involutes during embryogenesis to become the coronary sinus. The existence of a PLSVC can cause a significant diagnostic dilemma during catheterization of the left internal jugular vein, pertaining to the positioning of the catheter. It may also be associated with significant clinical implications such as systemic embolization, provocation of arrhythmia, and thrombosis of the vessel. The safety of such catheterization has not been adequately evaluated due to the rarity of this condition. We believe that a diagnostic workup including blood gas analysis, echocardiography, and computed tomography is necessary to confirm a right atrial drainage and a patent innominate vein as prerequisites to maintain the catheter in position.
Complications associated with the development of bacteremia with Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: TROIDLE Laura , EISEN Thomas , PACELLI Lisa , FINKELSTEIN Fredric 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAccess‐related infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among hemodialysis patients. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia accounts for 25% of these episodes. Nissenson et al., found that 20.7% of the patients developing S. aureus bacteremia had infectious complications as well as hospital readmissions related to the S. aureus bacteremia. This retrospective analysis did not determine whether the S. aureus bacteremia was access related, nor how each episode was treated. We have prospectively collected a database of all access‐related S. aureus bacteremia developing in our unit between 1/1/03 and 8/31/05, including the management of the access. Episodes of S. aureus bacteremia with an identifiable source other than the vascular access were excluded. Seventy‐two episodes of S. aureus bacteremia were identified; 54 developed in patients using a catheter and 18 developed in patients using an arteriovenous graft/fistula. The mean age was 64±15 years, and 56% of the patients were Caucasian. All patients were treated with 4 weeks of antibiotics. A total of 6 (8%) deaths and 15 (20.8%) infectious complications related to the S. aureus bacteremia were identified. Infectious complications included endocarditis (4), metastatic infection (7), discitis (3), and a myocardial abscess (1). Seventeen (23.6%) of the patients were readmitted within 30 days of the episode of S. aureus bacteremia; 4 readmissions were related to the S. aureus bacteremia. Five of the 54 catheter patients who developed S. aureus bacteremia expired and 14 developed infectious complications despite the catheter being removed/exchanged in all but one patient. One of the arteriovenous graft patients who developed S. aureus bacteremia expired. We conclude that infectious complications from S. aureus bacteremia are common, as 23.6% of the patients in our study developed an infectious complication. Eight percent of the patients who developed S. aureus bacteremia expired. Strategies to avoid S. aureus bacteremia are needed.
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in an incident dialysis population
Authors: YOUNG Daniel O. , LUND Richard J. , HAYNATZKI Gleb , DUNLAY Robert W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's National Cholesterol Education Program 2001 Adult Treatment Panel III report defined the metabolic syndrome as having at least 3 of the following 5 criteria: abdominal obesity, elevated triglyceride levels, low high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, an elevated blood pressure, and an elevated fasting glucose. Evidence is accumulating to suggest that the metabolic syndrome predisposes to cardiovascular disease (CVD). End‐stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients requiring dialysis have a substantially elevated risk of CVD morbidity and mortality. Dialysis patients' increased risk can be partially explained by traditional and nontraditional risk factors. The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in dialysis patients is unknown. This retrospective, cross‐sectional study of 202 incident dialysis patients examined the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome at the time of renal replacement therapy initiation. The study group was compared with all incident dialysis patients in 2002 on file with the U.S. Renal Data System. Females represented 39.1% of the study population. Blacks composed 34.7% of the study group. Diabetes was the etiology of ESKD in 44.6% of our patients. Surrogate criteria were used for the Adult Treatment Panel III risk factors of abdominal obesity and elevated fasting glucose levels. Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 69.3% in our population and was especially prevalent among diabetic, female, and white ESKD patients. Study limitations included the use of surrogate markers for 2 criteria of the metabolic syndrome and dependence on the Medical Evidence Report (Form 2728) for baseline characteristics. In summary, the metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in incident dialysis patients.
Skin colour is associated with periodontal disease in Brazilian adults: a population‐based oral health survey
Authors: Peres Marco Aurélio , Antunes José Leopoldo Ferreira , Boing Antonio Fernando , Peres Karen Glazer , Bastos João Luiz Dornelles 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim:To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease in Brazilian adults and to test its association with skin colour after controlling for socio‐demographic variables.Methods:The periodontal status of 11,342 Brazilian adults was informed by a nationwide oral health survey. Socio‐demographic variables included skin colour, gender, schooling, per capita income, age and geographical region. The association between periodontal disease and skin colour was tested by a logistic regression model, adjusting for covariates. Interactions between skin colour and socio‐demographic variables were tested.Results:The prevalence of periodontal diseases was 9.0% [95% confidence interval (CI) 7.6–10.3]. Lighter‐skinned black people (pardos) and dark‐skinned black people (pretos) presented higher levels of periodontal disease when compared with white people [odds ratio (OR)=1.5; 95% CI 1.2; 1.8; OR=1.6; 95% CI 1.2; 2.1, respectively] even after controlling for age, gender, schooling, per capita income and geographic region. No interactions were statistically significant.Conclusion:Skin colour was significantly associated with periodontal disease among Brazilian adults after adjustment for socio‐economic and demographic covariates.
Are statins associated with decreased tooth loss in chronic periodontitis?
Authors: Saver Barry G. , Hujoel Philippe P. , Cunha‐Cruz Joana , Maupomé Gerardo 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAim: To evaluate whether statin use was associated with decreased tooth loss among patients with chronic periodontitis.Material and Methods: We evaluated administrative health plan data from 1996 to 2002 covering dental and periodontal treatment utilization, dental extractions, and prescription medication fills of 12,631 adults aged 48–64 in 2002. With tooth loss as the outcome, we evaluated a number of different patterns of statin prescription across time in multivariate generalized linear models.Results: Unadjusted, statin use was associated with increased tooth loss. After adjustment for potential confounders, there was no suggestion of either increased or decreased tooth loss associated with statin use.Conclusions: Statin use was not associated with either a decreased or an increased risk of tooth loss.
A practical UV source to induce Herpes simplex labialis lesions in the clinic
Authors: Sayre Robert M. , Dowdy John C. , Harris Kelly A. , Berg Jeffrey E. , Trimble Mingyi W. 
Published: January 2007

Background: Ultraviolet (UV) sources have been used to clinically induce herpes simplex lesions in the lips of susceptible individuals.Methods: This study reports the optimization of a UV source for studies involving multiple clinical laboratory sites and subsequent clinical UV induction of cold sore lesions. We describe novel adaptations of a commercially available broadband UV phototherapy lamp that facilitate determination of individual's minimal erythemal dose (MED) and expose the lips with minimal risk of viral transmission to or between the volunteers and technicians.Clinical Results: The source performed well in a clinical setting, with 171 of 386 subjects (44%) developing lesions, an induction rate similar to spectrally similar UV sources.Conclusions: The advantages of consistent and reproducible exposure geometry, additional UV shielding and biological hygiene achieved by our method significantly enhance the execution of UV‐induced herpes simplex labialis studies.
A new targeted blue light phototherapy for the treatment of acne
Authors: Noborio Reiko , Nishida Emi , Kurokawa Mariko , Morita Akimichi 
Published: January 2007

Background: The effects of blue light phototherapy on inflammatory acne lesions were recently investigated. Many reports have used high‐intensity, narrow‐band 420 nm UV‐free blue light delivery systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new blue light system (MultiClear™) for targeted blue light phototherapy.Method: Ten Japanese patients with acne on the face or back were treated with targeted blue light once or twice a week. Acne severity was graded according to the acne severity score suggested by Allen and Smith (1982). If the acne was prevalent on the back or chest, the acne severity score of Burton et al. (1971) was adopted. The new targeting blue light system is equipped with a flexible optical light guide as a delivery system and the treatment device is placed directly only on the affected area.Result: Of the 10 patients, eight had a significantly reduced acne severity score without any side effects. Although two patients discontinued the study because of unsatisfactory results, none of the patients showed any harmful side effects from the targeted blue light phototherapy.Conclusion: Targeted blue light phototherapy with MultiClear™ is effective for the treatment of inflammatory acne lesions. This new irradiation device offers some advantages over previous blue light systems.
Photoprotective activity of oral polypodium leucotomos extract in 25 patients with idiopathic photodermatoses
Authors: Caccialanza M. , Percivalle S. , Piccinno R. , Brambilla R. 
Published: January 2007

Background: The incidences of idiopathic photodermatoses (IP) are increasing and the available therapeutic methods are often inadequate.Aim: To evaluate whether, in subjects affected by IP not responding to the usual available therapies, the oral administration of an extract of Polypodium leucotomos (PL) could provide an effective photoprotective activity.Methods: 26 patients with polymorphic light eruption and two with solar urticaria were recruited to enter the study. The protocol excluded the use of ultraviolet protection filters or other drugs that could in some way interfere with exposure to light. All patients exposed themselves to sunlight while consuming 480 mg/day of PL orally. The response of the skin to sunlight exposure of 25 evaluable patients was compared with that occurring previously without administration of PL.Results: With PL, we observed a relevant and statistically significant reduction of skin reaction and subjective symptoms. The tolerance of the drug has been excellent.Conclusion: PL extract administration has shown to be an effective and safe method, leading to a significant protection of skin in IP.
Effects of preceding sialadenitis on the development of autoimmunity against salivary gland
Authors: Ohno K , Hattori T , Kagami H , Ueda M 
Published: January 2007

Objective:  The mechanism underlying the onset and development of autoimmune diseases such as Sjogren's syndrome is not well understood. Here, we examined the effects of preceding inflammation of the salivary gland at the onset of autoimmunity against the salivary gland.Materials and methods:  One side of the submandibular gland duct was ligated in mice and the effect on the contralateral gland was investigated. After histological evaluation with hematoxylin and eosin staining, the presence of autoantibodies and immune compounds was examined.Results:  In all five strains of mice that were used, the salivary gland of the ligated side showed severe inflammation and atrophic change. In two mouse strains (SJL/J and PL/J), mild sialadenitis was observed on the non‐ligated side 8 weeks after ligation. Autoantibodies reacting to the salivary gland were detected in three mouse strains (C3H/He, SJL/J, and PL/J). Immune complex was also detected in the duct basement membrane.Conclusion:  The results indicate that the autoimmune mechanism is activated by the transient inflammation in the salivary gland under a specific genetic background.