bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Solutions of symmetry‐constrained least‐squares problems
Authors: Peng Zhen‐Yun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, two new matrix‐form iterative methods are presented to solve the least‐squares problem:

and matrix nearness problem:

where matrices $A\in R^{p\times n_1},B\in R^{n_2\times q},C\in R^{p\times m_1},D\in R^{m_2\times q},E\in R^{p\times q},\widetilde{X}\in R^{n_1\times n_2}$ and $\widetilde{Y}\in R^{m_1\times m_2}$ are given; 𝒮1 and 𝒮2 are the set of constraint matrices, such as symmetric, skew symmetric, bisymmetric and centrosymmetric matrices sets and SXY is the solution pair set of the minimum residual problem. These new matrix‐form iterative methods have also faster convergence rate and higher accuracy than the matrix‐form iterative methods proposed by Peng and Peng (Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 2006; 13: 473–485) for solving the linear matrix equation AXB+CYD=E. Paige's algorithms, which are based on the bidiagonalization procedure of Golub and Kahan, are used as the framework for deriving these new matrix‐form iterative methods. Some numerical examples illustrate the efficiency of the new matrix‐form iterative methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effective condition number for numerical partial differential equations
Authors: Li Zi‐Cai , Huang Hung‐Tsai 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper, the new computational formulas are derived for the effective condition number Cond_eff, and the new error bounds involved in both Cond and Cond_eff are developed. A theoretical analysis is provided to support some conclusions in Banoczi et al. (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 1998; 20:203–227). For the linear algebraic equations solved by the Gaussian elimination or the QR factorization (QR), the direction of the right‐hand vector is insignificant for the solution errors, but such a conclusion is invalid for the finite difference method for Poisson's equation. The effective condition number is important to the numerical partial differential equations, because the discretization errors are dominant. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuro‐genetic algorithm for non‐linear active control of structures
Authors: Jiang Xiaomo , Adeli Hojjat 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn a companion paper, a new non‐linear control model was presented for active control of three‐dimensional (3D) building structures including geometrical and material non‐linearities, coupling action between lateral and torsional motions, and actuator dynamics (Int. J. Numer. Meth. Engng; DOI:10.1002/nme.2195). A dynamic fuzzy wavelet neuroemulator was presented for predicting the structural response in future time steps. In this paper, a new neuro‐genetic algorithm or controller is presented for finding the optimal control forces. The control algorithm does not need the pre‐training required in a neural network‐based controller, which improves the efficiency of the general control methodology significantly. Two 3D steel building structures, a 12‐story structure with vertical setbacks and an 8‐story structure with plan irregularity, are used to validate the neuro‐genetic control algorithm under three different seismic excitations. Numerical validations demonstrate that the new control methodology significantly reduces the displacements of buildings subjected to various seismic excitations including structures with plan and elevation irregularities. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A total Lagrangian framework for simulation of powder compaction process based on a smooth three‐surface Cap model and a mesh‐free method
Authors: Rossi Rodrigo , Alves Marcelo Krajnc , Al‐Qureshi Hazim Ali 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper presents a detailed framework for simulation of cold powder compaction process. This framework consists of the following main assumptions: The total Lagrangian description is employed; the powder is assumed to be isotropic and it is modeled by a complete, smooth three‐surface Cap model; the constitutive formulation is based on the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient and on stress–strain pair formed by the Hencky logarithmic strain and the rotated Kirchhoff stress tensor; the elastic constitutive relationship considers that some parameters are dependent upon the relative density of the powder; the contact formulation is based on the Signorini condition and the friction is modeled by using a regularized Coulomb model; and the spatial discretization is made by the element‐free Galerkin method where the essential boundary conditions are enforced via an augmented Lagrangian method. Details concerning the discretization and the linearization of the weak form are presented and a master algorithm is proposed. Some key examples already investigated by other authors, but with somewhat different approaches, are revisited in this paper in order to investigate the adequacy of the proposed model and attest the performance of the proposed numerical scheme. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
POU5F1, encoding a key regulator of stem cell pluripotency, is fused to EWSR1 in hidradenoma of the skin and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands
Authors: Möller E , Stenman G , Mandahl N , Hamberg H , Mölne L , van den Oord JJ , Brosjö O , Mertens F , Panagopoulos I 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe EWSR1 gene is known to play a crucial role in the development of a number of different bone and soft tissue tumours, notably Ewing's sarcoma. POU5F1 is expressed during early development to maintain the totipotent status of embryonic stem and germ cells. In the present study, we report the fusion of EWSR1 and POU5F1 in two types of epithelial tumours: hidradenoma of the skin and mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary glands. This finding not only broadens considerably the spectrum of neoplasms associated with EWSR1 fusion genes but also strengthens the evidence for shared pathogenetic mechanisms in the development of adnexal and salivary gland tumours. Reminiscent of the previously reported fusion genes involving EWSR1, the identified transcript is predicted to encode a chimeric protein consisting of the EWSR1 amino‐terminal domain and the POU5F1 carboxy‐terminal domain. We assessed the transcriptional activation potential of the chimera compared to the wild‐type proteins, as well as activation of transcription through the oct/sox composite element known to bind POU5F1. Among other POU5F1 target genes, this element is present in the promoter of NANOG and in the distal enhancer of POU5F1 itself. Our results show that although the chimera is capable of significant transcriptional activation, it may in fact convey a negative regulatory effect on target genes. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FOXL2 and SOX9 as parameters of female and male gonadal differentiation in patients with various forms of disorders of sex development (DSD)
Authors: Hersmus R , Kalfa N , de Leeuw B , Stoop H , Oosterhuis JW , de Krijger R , Wolffenbuttel KP , Drop SLS , Veitia RA , Fellous M , Jaubert F , Looijenga LHJ 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe transcription factors SOX9 and FOXL2 are required for male and female mammalian gonadal development. We have used specific antibodies to investigate the role of these key proteins in disorders of sex development (DSD), specifically inter‐sex states. In normal gonads, SOX9 was found to be restricted to the presence of (pre‐)Sertoli cells, while FOXL2 was found in granulosa cells, and in stromal cells interpreted as early ovarian stroma. Both proteins were found within a single patient, when testicular and ovarian development was present; and within the same gonad, when both differentiation lineages were identified, as in ovotesticular DSD (ie hermaphrodite). Especially SOX9 was informative to support the presence of early testicular development (ie seminiferous tubules), expected based on morphological criteria only. In a limited number of DSD cases, FOXL2 was found within reasonably well‐developed seminiferous tubules, but double staining demonstrated that it was never strongly co‐expressed with SOX9 in the same cell. All seminiferous tubules containing carcinoma in situ (CIS), the malignant counterpart of a primordial germ cell, ie the precursor of type II germ cell tumours of the testis, seminomas and non‐seminomas, showed the presence of SOX9 and not FOXL2. In contrast, gonadoblastomas (GBs), the precursor of the same type of cancer, in a dysgenetic gonad, showed expression of FOXL2 and no, or only very low, SOX9 expression. These findings indicate that gonadal differentiation, ie testicular or ovarian, determines the morphology of the precursor of type II germ cell tumours, CIS or GB, respectively. We show that in DSD patients, the formation of either ovarian or/and testicular development can be visualized using FOXL2 and SOX9 expression, respectively. In addition, it initiates a novel way to study the role of the supportive cells in the development of either CIS or GB. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A mechanistic investigation into the covalent chemical derivatisation of graphite and glassy carbon surfaces using aryldiazonium salts
Authors: Abiman Poobalasingam , Wildgoose Gregory G. , Compton Richard G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractModification of carbon materials such as graphite and glassy carbon in bulk quantities using diazonium salts is developed. We used both 4‐nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate and 1‐antharaquinonediazonium chloride to modify graphite and glassy carbon surfaces. Experiments were carried out in the presence and absence of hypophosphorous acid and the mechanism involved in both cases were studied using cyclic voltammetry. The observed peak potentials for both the 4‐nitrophenyl and 1‐anthraquinonyl modified materials were found to differ depending on whether or not the hypophosphorous acid reducing agent was used. In the absence of hypophosphorous acid the derivatisation reaction was inferred to go through a cationic intermediate, whilst in the presence of the hypophosphorous acid the mechanism likely involves either a purely radical intermediate or a mixture of radical and cationic species. Derivatisation experiments from 5 to 70°C allowed us to determine the optimum derivatisation temperature for both cases, in the presence and absence of hypophosphorous acid. Optimum temperature was 20°C for the former and 35°C for the later. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Similar chemistry, but different bond preferences in inter versus intra‐protein interactions
Authors: Cohen Mati , Reichmann Dana , Neuvirth Hani , Schreiber Gideon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProteins fold into a well‐defined structure as a result of the collapse of the polypeptide chain, while transient protein‐complex formation mainly is a result of binding of two folded individual monomers. Therefore, a protein–protein interface does not resemble the core of monomeric proteins, but has a more polar nature. Here, we address the question of whether the physico‐chemical characteristics of intraprotein versus interprotein bonds differ, or whether interfaces are different from folded monomers only in the preference for certain types of interactions. To address this question we assembled a high resolution, nonredundant, protein–protein interaction database consisting of 1374 homodimer and 572 heterodimer complexes, and compared the physico‐chemical properties of these interactions between protein interfaces and monomers. We performed extensive statistical analysis of geometrical properties of interatomic interactions of different types: hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, and aromatic interactions. Our study clearly shows that there is no significant difference in the chemistry, geometry, or packing density of individual interactions between interfaces and monomeric structures. However, the distribution of different bonds differs. For example, side‐chain–side‐chain interactions constitute over 62% of all interprotein interactions, while they make up only 36% of the bonds stabilizing a protein structure. As on average, properties of backbone interactions are different from those of side chains, a quantitative difference is observed. Our findings clearly show that the same knowledge‐based potential can be used for protein‐binding sites as for protein structures. However, one has to keep in mind the different architecture of the interfaces and their unique bond preference. Proteins 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Some new considerations concerning the Rayleigh‐wave velocity in auxetic materials
Authors: Scarpa Fabrizio , Malischewsky Peter G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Rayleigh wave velocity is examined in isotropic and non‐isotropic auxetic (negative Poisson's ratio) solids. A novel approximation of the Rayleigh wave speed c versus the Poisson's ratio of an isotropic solid is derived using the concept of ellipticity. The Rayleigh wave propagation is investigated also for anisotropic incompressible solids, such as thick composite balanced symmetric cross‐ply laminates, exhibiting through‐the‐thickness negative Poisson's ratio. The results show increased wave speed for auxetic laminate configurations, as well as increased sensitivity of the wave speed in the cross‐ply regions corresponding to NPR values. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Surgeons’ Non‐technical Skills in the Operating Room: Reliability Testing of the NOTSS Behavior Rating System
Authors: Yule Steven , Flin Rhona , Maran Nicola , Rowley David , Youngson George , Paterson‐Brown Simon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundPrevious research has shown that surgeons’ intraoperative non‐technical skills are related to surgical outcomes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of the NOTSS (Non‐technical Skills for Surgeons) behavior rating system. Based on task analysis, the system incorporates five categories of skills for safe surgical practice (Situation Awareness, Decision Making, Task Management, Communication & Teamwork, and Leadership).MethodsConsultant (attending) surgeons (n = 44) from five Scottish hospitals attended one of six experimental sessions and were trained to use the NOTSS system. They then used the system to rate consultant surgeons’ behaviors in six simulated operating room scenarios that were presented using video. Surgeons’ ratings of the behaviors demonstrated in each scenario were compared to expert ratings (“accuracy”), and assessed for inter‐rater reliability and internal consistency.ResultsThe NOTSS system had a consistent internal structure. Although raters had minimal training, rating “accuracy” for acceptable/unacceptable behavior was above 60% for all categories, with mean of 0.67 scale points difference from reference (expert) ratings (on 4‐point scale). For inter‐rater reliability, the mean values of within‐group agreement (rwg) were acceptable for the categories Communication & Teamwork (.70), and Leadership (.72), but below a priori criteria for other categories. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICC) indicated high agreement using average measures (values were. 95–.99).ConclusionsWith the requisite training, the prototype NOTSS system could be used reliably by surgeons to observe and rate surgeons’ behaviors. The instrument should now be tested for usability in the operating room.
Risk Factors and Clinical Outcome for Anastomotic Leakage After Total Mesorectal Excision for Rectal Cancer
Authors: Lee Won‐Suk , Yun Seong Hyeon , Roh Young‐Nam , Yun Hae‐Ran , Lee Woo Yong , Cho Yong Beom , Chun Ho‐Kyung 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundAnastomosis leakage is a major complication of rectal surgery. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection (LAR) in rectal cancer patients and study its impact on long‐term prognosis and disease‐free survival and overall survival in rectal cancer patients.MethodsConsecutive patients who underwent rectal resection with primary anastomosis below the pelvic peritoneal reflexion for rectal cancer between October 1996 to February 2006 were included.ResultsAnastomosis leakage after LAR occurred in 51 patients (4.0%). The median time to leakage was 4 days (range = 2–30 days). In univariate analysis, gender, level of anastomosis less than 4 cm, preoperative concomitant chemoradiation (CCRT), and length of operation greater than 120 min were significantly associated with anastomosis leakage. In a multivariate analysis, gender (p = 0.041; relative risk = 2.007; 95% CI = 1.030–3.912) and preoperative CCRT (p = 0.003; relative risk = 2.861; 95% CI = 1.417–5.778) were identified as independent prognostic factors. The overall survival of the nonleakage group and the leakage group was 80.2% and 64.9%, respectively (p = 0.170). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates were not significantly different between the nonleakage and leakage groups (78.1% vs. 65.9%, p = 0.166).ConclusionsThe incidence of anastomotic leakage after low anterior resection is relatively low. Male gender and preoperative CCRT were associated with increased risk for anastomotic leakage after rectal cancer surgery. No effect of anastomosis leakage on local recurrence was found in this series.
Stress tolerance in plants via habitat-adapted symbiosis
Authors: Rodriguez Rusty J , Henson Joan , Van Volkenburgh Elizabeth , Hoy Marshal , Wright Leesa , Beckwith Fleur , Kim Yong-Ok , Redman Regina S 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
We demonstrate that native grass species from coastal and geothermal habitats require symbiotic fungal endophytes for salt and heat tolerance, respectively. Symbiotically conferred stress tolerance is a habitat-specific phenomenon with geothermal endophytes conferring heat but not salt tolerance, and coastal endophytes conferring salt but not heat tolerance. The same fungal species isolated from plants in habitats devoid of salt or heat stress did not confer these stress tolerances. Moreover, fungal endophytes from agricultural crops conferred disease resistance and not salt or heat tolerance. We define habitat-specific, symbiotically-conferred stress tolerance as habitat-adapted symbiosis and hypothesize that it is responsible for the establishment of plants in high-stress habitats. The agricultural, coastal and geothermal plant endophytes also colonized tomato (a model eudicot) and conferred disease, salt and heat tolerance, respectively. In addition, the coastal plant endophyte colonized rice (a model monocot) and conferred salt tolerance. These endophytes have a broad host range encompassing both monocots and eudicots. Interestingly, the endophytes also conferred drought tolerance to plants regardless of the habitat of origin. Abiotic stress tolerance correlated either with a decrease in water consumption or reactive oxygen sensitivity/generation but not to increased osmolyte production. The ability of fungal endophytes to confer stress tolerance to plants may provide a novel strategy for mitigating the impacts of global climate change on agricultural and native plant communities.
Microbial burden and diversity of commercial airline cabin air during short and long durations of travel
Authors: Osman Shariff , La Duc Myron T , Dekas Anne , Newcombe David , Venkateswaran Kasthuri 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
Total microbial burden and diversity associated with commercial airliner cabin air was assessed by molecular methods in 125 air samples from the business-class sections of 16 domestic and international flights. Viable microbial burden within these cabin air parcels constituted only 1–10% of the total microbial population and ranged from below detection limits to 1.2 × 104 cells m–3 as determined with a validated ATP-based technology. Cultivable bacterial diversity was almost entirely limited to Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Bacillus. In contrast, cloning and sequencing 16S rRNA gene directly from the samples without cultivation indicated a significantly broader diversity, as sequences representing more than 100 species, and encompassing 12 classes of bacteria, were retrieved in varying abundance. Sequences of proteobacterial and Gram-positive lineage were retrieved most frequently (58% and 31% of all clone sequences, respectively), with Gram-positive and α-proteobacterial sequences dominating international flight samples and β- and γ-proteobacterial sequences comprising the largest portion of those retrieved from domestic flights. Significant differences in bacterial load and diversity were noted between samples obtained on domestic and international flights. The disparities observed in microbial abundance and diversity further underscore the immense value of state-of-the art molecular assays in augmenting traditional culture-based techniques.
Myosins II and V in chromaffin cells: myosin V is a chromaffin vesicle molecular motor involved in secretion
Authors: Rosé Sergio D. , Lejen Tatiana , Casaletti Luciana , Larson Roy E. , Pene Teodora Dumitrescu , Trifaró José‐María 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe presence of myosin II and V in chromaffin cells and their subcellular distribution is described. Myosin II and V distribution in sucrose density gradients showed only a strong correlation between the distribution of myosin V and secretory vesicle markers. Confocal microscopy images demonstrated colocalization of myosin V with dopamine β‐hydroxylase, a chromaffin vesicle marker, whereas myosin II was present mainly in the cell cortex. Cell depolarization induced, in a Ca2+ and time‐dependent manner, the dissociation of myosin V from chromaffin vesicles suggesting that this association was not permanent but determined by secretory cycle requirements. Myosin II was also found in the crude granule fraction, however, its distribution was not affected by cell depolarization. Myosin V head antibodies were able to inhibit secretion whereas myosin II antibodies had no inhibitory effect. The pattern of inhibition indicated that these treatments interfered with the transport of vesicles from the reserve to the release‐ready compartment, suggesting the involvement of myosin V and not myosin II in this transport process. The results described here suggest that myosin V is a molecular motor involved in chromaffin vesicle secretion. However, these results do not discard an indirect role for myosin II in secretion through its interaction with F‐actin networks.
1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium accumulates in cerebellar granule neurons via organic cation transporter 3
Authors: Shang Tiesong , Uihlein Alexander V. , Van Asten Jennifer , Kalyanaraman Balaraman , Hillard Cecilia J. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract1‐Methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+), the toxic metabolite of 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridine, induces apoptosis in cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs). We have tested the hypothesis that organic cation transporter (OCT) 3 mediates the accumulation and, hence, the toxicity of MPP+in CGNs. CGNs in primary culture express OCT3 but do not express mRNA for OCT1, OCT2 or the dopamine transporter. Cerebellar astrocytes are negative for OCT3 protein by immunocytochemistry. [3H]MPP+accumulation by CGNs exhibits first‐order kinetics, and aKtvalue of 5.3 ± 1.2 µmand aTmaxof 0.32 ± 0.02 pmol per min per 106cells. [3H]MPP+accumulation is inhibited by corticosterone, β‐estradiol and decynium 22 withKivalues of 0.25 µm, 0.17 µmand 4.0 nmrespectively. [3H]MPP+accumulation is also inhibited by desipramine, dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine, but is not affected by carnitine (10 mm), mazindol (9 µm) or GBR 12909 (1 µm). MPP+‐induced caspase‐3‐like activation and cell death are prevented by pretreatment with 5 µmβ‐estradiol. In contrast, the neurotoxic effects of rotenone are unaffected by β‐estradiol. Interestingly, GBR 12909 protects CGNs from both MPP+and rotenone toxicity. In summary, CGNs accumulate MPP+in manner that is consistent with uptake via OCT3 and the presence of this protein in CGNs explains their sensitivity to MPP+toxicity.