bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Worldwide Oil Industry Helicopter Operations and Safety Review
Authors: Williams Robert G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Developing a database of worldwide helicopter operational and safety activity would enable oil and gas industry companies to benchmark individual performance against the industry as a whole. Such a database could also be used to analyze and benchmark the relative safety performance of different category helicopters in differing operating environments. It would also provide a basis by which the industry, individual companies, or helicopter operators could further identify / define those helicopter accident causal factors and trends, and where possible to develop and implement appropriate mitigating strategies to reduce the overall risk of helicopter operations. Lastly, the database could be used by groups interested in influencing the development or revision of regulatory or advisory guidelines by providing relevant and accurate data for the industry helicopter operations.
Decommissioning of the Seacliff Oil Pier Complex, Ventura County, California: A Case Study
Authors: Brooks Gary A. , Marks Michael , Poulter Simon A. , Robb III Albert J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Decommissioning of offshore facilities is becoming a major environmental issue for E&P Operators globally. A recent decommissioning operation undertaken by Mobil Oil Company in California State Waters highlighted the complexity of such projects in today's operating environment. The termination of production from the Ferguson, Needham and Whitten Leases (CA State Leases PRC-427.1, 429 & 3125) required that the operators completely dismantle and remove a multi-wharf production pier complex along an otherwise largely undeveloped, highly sensitive stretch of coastal Ventura County, California. The described decommissioning activities, for both offshore (nearshore) and onshore facilities, required the management of complex interrelated issues posed by engineering constraints and the interface with numerous regulatory agencies, public activists, and sometimes extreme environmental conditions. Significant cost savings resulted from the employed approach.
Impact of Seismic Surveys on Marine Life
Authors: Gausland Ingebret 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
During the last decade significant research has been performed on the possible impact of seismic surveys on marine life. Both fish and marine mammals have been studied. None of the studies have documented direct damage caused by the signals, but there may be a temporary behavior change out to a distance of a few kilometers.
Many reports dealing with this issue do not treat the acoustic principles or the measurement of signal pressure levels in a consistent manner. Therefore it may be difficult to make direct comparisons between the results given in these reports.
During the many years that I have worked with this topic, it has become clear that an understanding of acoustic principles is important for the assessment of what effect seismic surveys have on marine life. This abstract therefore have a more detailed discussion of seismic survey principles and the physics of sound than will be possible to give at the oral presentation.
Akassa: A New Approach to the Problems of the Niger Delta
Authors: Knight W. D. , Alagoa N. C. , Von Kemedi D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In Nigeria, the Niger Delta is on fire, angry communities confronting government and oil industry. Firefighting has included military suppression and throwing money at problems, both counter-productive. Akassa has a different, grass-roots approach: interactive participatory development that is community-led, stakeholder-assisted and directly aimed at extinguishing the conflagration at its source. Others can learn to use it too.
Measuring Safety and Compliance in the U.S. Offshore Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Slitor Doug 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The U.S. Federal Government, through the Department of the Interior (DOI), has been regulating the offshore oil and gas industry for over 50 years. During this time, the government has developed, often in concert with industry, regulations to increase the safety of offshore operations. The Minerals Mangement Service's (MMS) Inspection Program is founded upon this regulatory regime and requires operators to undergo periodic inspections. The MMS Inspection Program regulates over 600 potential incidents of noncompliance or PINC's. The MMS issues an incident of noncompliance or INC when an operator has not met the requirements of the regulations.
The MMS has analyzed 10 years’ worth of inspection data and has determined a direct relationship between a facility receiving INC's and the increased probability of that facility having an accident. In an effort to focus closely on those operators having difficulty working their operations in compliance with MMS regulations, the MMS has developed a Safety Ranking formula that weights the values of INC's and accidents and normalizes these data so that MMS may rank order operators by these two measures. The Safety Ranking provides MMS with an initial comparative look at the performance of the offshore industry for the purpose of guiding poor operators toward better performance or removing operators who chronically operate in an unsafe manner.
Health Performance Indicators
Authors: de Jong Geert , Barbey A , Arnulf L , Covil M , Dahl-Hansen E , Dugelay F , Hide K , Jones D S , Jorgensen K , Keech J. , Rodier J , Ross J 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Health Performance Indicators, HPIs, should be an essential tool of an HSE Management System. However, there are currently no common industry recognised performance measures. In response to the need, the Health committee of the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers (OGP) produced a set of health performance indicators, which are presented in a report issued in June 1999 (OGP report no.6.78/290, June 1999).
In the past, HSE management has concentrated on safety, with considerable success but with little emphasis on health. A similar commitment to health management can provide significant benefits to individual employees and companies. To help improve the management of health, companies are encouraged to select and use proactive performance indicators as proposed in the OGP report. Until such time that the industry agrees on pro-active HPIs, it is recommended that occupational illness frequency be reported by all E&P companies, with the aim to have reporting system in place by the year 2001.
Constructed Wetland Overview for the Petroleum Industry
Authors: Myers James E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper introduces the subject of constructed (or treatment) wetlands. It identifies the many wetland applications that are currently in use for the treatment and re-use of water. Treatment wetlands are compared with traditional primary, secondary and tertiary wastewater treatments. Constructed wetland types are discussed along with estimated costs and design features. A nine-step process to put a treatment wetland on-line is presented. This paper shares best practices for the design, construction and operation of treatment wetlands.
Environmental and Meteo-Marine Monitoring Network for Eni Platforms in Adriatic Sea and Application of Numerical Models for the Study of Marine Pollution
Authors: Allinovi R. , Puletti M. , DeFillipi G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
At the end of 1992 ENI Div. AGIP realised a monitoring network of meteo-marine parameters on 13 of the over 80 producing platforms in Northern and Central Adriatic Sea, with real time data transmission.
The aim was the design of new structures, the maintenance of already existing platforms, the management of the marine spread as well the gathering of data for environmental studies.
Meteorological parameters, directional wave, sea level, and current data were measured, validated, processed, analysed and organised in a data-bank.
At the present time a complete data-set covering six years is available: the data permitted to improve the knowledge of the physical phenomena of the involved area as well as to increase the reliability level during the design activity.
A statistic model of wave generation-propagation, interfaced with measured data, was improved and utilised for short-medium term forecasting over a wide area of North Adriatic Sea.
Afterwards an hydrodynamic model, calibrated on measured data, was used to simulate typical and extreme current fields of the Adriatic Sea and to extend the local information, coming out from measured data, to the whole basin.
As the meteo-oceanographic data represent the main forcing terms for the marine environment, information were afterward used for the study of the marine environment on the whole and for the solution to possible pollution problems.
Numerical models to simulate different environmental parameters, interfaced to the hydrodynamic model, are under development; at the present time an integrated modelling system is tested in order to forecast wind and current fields over the whole Adriatic Sea as well as the transport and propagation of the oil during accidental spills and the consequences on the environment.
The results, which allow ENI Div. AGIP to identify the risk areas, are even transmitted to the interested Public Organisations.
Presently the optimisation of the monitoring network, based on the acquired experiences, is planned, with addition of new sensors and the development of the integrated system of numerical models which, calibrated and verified against measured data, can support timely and reliable decisions related to optimal management of possible alarms.
An Integrated Methodology for the Evaluation of the Safety and Environmental Consequences of a Blow-out
Authors: Blotto Paola , Andreussi Paolo , Bonuccelli Michele , Galinetto Rita , Podenzani Fabrizio 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Increasingly stringent HS&E requirements inevitably leads to an improvement in the predictive risk analysis tools used to estimate the HS&E consequences of a major accident. One potentially major accident, associated with the exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon fields, is a blow-out e.g. an uncontrolled release of formation fluid from the reservoir.
In the event of a blow-out it is essential to implement the blow-out contingency plan as quickly as possible to minimise the potential damage, particularly for onshore wells where the oil and gas is dispersed into the atmosphere and over the land. To improve the evaluation of the safety and environmental consequences of a blow-out the Agip Division commissioned a multi-disciplinary R&D project.
This project utilises technical and scientific support from EniTecnologie, TEA Sistemi and TEMARS companies.
The main objective of this project is the development, assessment and validation of an integrated methodology for the evaluation of the safety and environmental consequences of a blow-out.
The extension of the contaminated area, the gas and oil droplets concentration distribution and the oil and gas discharge flow-rates from the well are the main deliverables from the methodology.
As the primary use of this methodology would be in the management of the emergency response to a blow-out it is essential to optimise the response time.
Subsequently, the following predictive approaches were developed and validated against actual blow-outs:
A "One Minute" estimation tool; A "Ten Minute" estimation software; A "Best Estimation" approach.
To better characterise the oil droplet field from the wellhead to the environment "ad hoc" experimental work is undertaken to reproduce the real conditions associated with a blow-out.
Risk Management – We All Do It But Can We Prove It?
Authors: Hurst Sheryl P , McLean Ian H 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The current international trend of goal setting safety legislation has led to the application of advanced risk identification and assessment techniques. Such exercises traditionally end with a demonstration that the risk levels are As Low As Reasonably Practicable. However, in practice risks will only be effectively managed for as long as controls are, and continue to be, in place and effective. Companies which successfully manage their risks establish a link between these risk controls and the organisation. By and large, this integration of risk control measures into the business remains an opportunity for improvement.
When a link is clearly established between risk control measures and individual responsibilities, tasks and procedures, not only can we be assured of improvements in risk management, but we can also demonstrate the effectiveness and completeness of the risk management process to regulators, management, shareholders, workforce, the public and any other stakeholders.
This paper describes a practical approach which links risk controls to the management system. The paper includes example case studies which highlight proven benefits such as:
■ workforce involvement and ownership of risk assessments, using graphical displays of interactive hazard assessments carried out ‘on line’ ■ increased communication of hazards and controls leading to minimised risk and safer operations ■ keeping the risk assessment ‘live’, the method is based around a relational database storing the risk assessment information and allowing easy data manipulation, sorting and filtering ■ clear demonstration of hazard control by directly linking control measures to workforce and supervisory tasks undertaken on a day to day basis.
Waste Management: An Approach to the Management of Drilling Waste
Authors: Priatna R. , Sjahroezah A. , Bledoeg R. I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In Indonesia, waste produced during drilling activities of the oil and gas operations are categorized hazardous and toxic referred to the Government Regulation No.18 year 1999 regarding The Hazardous and Toxic Waste Management. This regulation considers drilling mud and cuttings as Hazardous and Toxic Waste. The State Owned Oil Company (PERTAMINA) and its Production Sharing Contractors (PSCs) have a difficulty in implementing the regulation due to technical, scientific, and economical reasons.
To solve the problem, PERTAMINA and PSCs proactively proposed and negotiated a ‘self-designed recommended practice’ that technically and economically more practicable and environmentally acceptable for handling drilling wastes. By applying this method, a high cost of treatment may be reduced. Until now, the negotiation is still undergoing.
The paper describes the Indonesian Oil and Gas Industry contributions in revising the Government Regulations to be applicable in industry. The proposed revision includes the categorization of hazardous and toxic waste by issuing recommended practices for drilling wastes handling.
Energy and Environment: The Dilemma of Global Warming
Authors: Sinha Ravi P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
About eighty-five (85%) percent of the current U.S. energy needs are met by fossil fuels, and therefore they play a very important role in our energy supply. In recent years, these primary sources of energy have come under vigorous attack based on the observation that the changes in the earth's climate might be altered by the increasing concentration of certain gases in the atmosphere, particularly carbon dioxide. Though the degree and extent of their impact is uncertain, the primary sources of these gases are found to be auto emissions and utility companies burning coal. Geological records show that climate of the earth in the past has indeed undergone changes due to natural causes. These natural causes, however, are very slow, extending over millions of years and are therefore insignificant. Climatic variations due to anthropogenic causes are going to have an impact, if any, over a much shorter time period (50-100 years) and therefore are of concern. One of the concerns, is that even with a small increase in the average temperature of the earth, its effect in the polar regions would be much greater than elsewhere and therefore the global impact of any warming will be greater. The challenge, therefore, is to find a way to reduce the impact of human activities on the climate, without jeopar-dizing the economies of both the industrialized and the developing countries. Our dependence on oil and coal as a means of providing energy in the forseable future is going to continue. Our challenge, therefore, is to find a harmonious balance between the environmental and economic factors. The Kyoto Protocol is scary for most of the industrialized world because of the fear of it's impact on the economy. Given what the scientists know today, some solutions are presented as to what can be done for climate control with little or insignificant impact on the economy.
HSE Management: Accident / Incident Investigation
Authors: ULLAH Z. , KHUSHNOOD S. S. , SUBHANI N. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The current research deals with the accidents/incidents investigations in the context of HSE management system. It is proposed to carry out a comparative research of global and local standards and practices. Local practices and compliance will also be critically discussed.
The proposed changes in regulations like, appointing competent personnel in the regulatory bodies dealing with Accidents/Incidents investigations for proper compliance will be highlighted. The above mentioned changes will be proposed in light of feed back from accident/incident investigation data. Investigation procedures and their effectiveness in various environments will be compared, based on the statistical data/analysis.
Inadequately equipped and improperly qualified HSE heads of department does play a vital role in the overall deterioration of the HSE system. Hence training needs and greater awareness of the correct and precise reporting and investigation of Accidents/Incident will form the core of the research. The feeling of punishment in workers to report properly is a potential barrier. A good questionnaire is proposed to be developed which could eliminate the problems of hallo effect and central tendency in getting maximum relevant and correct information on an appropriately defined scale.
The role of Labour union will also be taken in to account with regard to accident/incident investigations. From the standpoint of overall cost effectiveness, cost benefit analysis will be carried by considering direct and indirect costs. Hence we could say that the current research work would help in formulating improved safety strategies, making effective regulations and ultimately cost effective and safe operation of the overall HSE management system.
Risk Monitoring for Major Hazards
Authors: Vinnem Jan Erik 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Parameters based on the occurrence of occupational accidents are often used as the main performance indicator for HES matters by industry and authorities. While this indicator is important, it fails to provide real insight into mechanisms that will determine the risk for major accidents. The objective of the paper is to present a monitoring scheme for major hazards, and to report how such a scheme has been effective in focusing on major hazard risk for several years within the petroleum industry. The potential however, is that it also could be applied to projection of trends by the authorities. The experience with derivation of suitable performance indicators for potential major accidents is discussed for the most critical systems and functions, reflecting qualitative as well as quantitative risk assessments. The indicators should address status feedback for safety systems, barriers and functions, emergency preparedness actions and drills and important operational prerequisites. If many indicators are used, the oversight may be lost, and overall trends may be difficult to spot. Accumulation of the individual parameters into an overall performance indicator for major hazards may be one solution, in order to enable observation of overall trends. The practical experience with such an overall indicator for some years demonstrates significant reduction of major hazard risk.
Challenges in Emergency Preparedness. Time for Changing Focus?
Authors: Lexow Kristian 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
During the period 1994 to 1998 Norwegian Air Ambulance - Global Medical Support division (NLA GMS) has organized a duty doctor service for several operators in the southern part of the North Sea, serving an offshore population varying from 1500 to 2500 people. We document every call from the offshore nurse and every medevac. In contrast to what is often generally believed, our figures indicate that the real health threats to offshore workers are acute medical conditions rather than trauma and accidents. Calls about trauma represent only approximately 20% of the total number of calls to the duty doctor and most of these traumas represent only minor injuries. During this period there were three deaths caused by acute coronary heart disease and no deaths caused by accidents and trauma. 49 patients with pure medical conditions were classified as 4 or worse at the NACA-scale (table 1) compared with only 10 cases caused by trauma. Focus on offshore emergency preparedness has traditionally been almost solely only upon accidents and trauma. Some might argue that acute medical conditions can strike onshore as well as offshore and therefore does not imply any specific challenge to offshore emergency preparedness. Can the traditional focus on accidents, trauma and "Lost Time Accidents" (LTA) have more do with implications on insurance and the reputation of the companies than the care for the safety and health of the offshore workers? As safety procedures has brought accidents to a low level, our study indicate that acute medical conditions now represent a greater threat to life and health than trauma. This allows health departments in offshore companies to argue for more focus upon challenges in preparedness for acute medical conditions and not only preparedness with focus upon trauma, accidents and LTA.
Waste Management in View of Environment
Authors: Hassan M. W. A. , Kamal K. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The waste management is a policy specifically mandated by the U.S. Congress in the 1984, hazardous & solid wastes amendments to The Resource Conservation & Recovery Act (RCRA). The waste management has been a vital parameter and essential for the oil and Gas exploration & production companies in view of health, safety & environment. A waste management can: save moony by reducing the treatment costs, meet state & national waste management policy goals. Reduce potential environmental liabilities, Protect the environment & the public health. It is important that all pollutant emissions into air, water & land, be consider as a wastes. The present focus of waste management activities is on waste water treatment in SINAI Oil Production Fields (API skimmer, Flotation unit, Bullast Tank & wast water treatment system Technique on platforms).
The waste management consists of source reduction & recycling but each comprised of a number of practices & approaches which performed through:(a) waste management Assessment program: a systematic planned procedure with the objective of identifying ways to reduce or eliminate wastes, it can be successful via (1) planning & organization(getting management commitment, setting goals & overcoming barriers, organizing assessment program task force). (2) Assessment phase: (collecting the process & facility data, prioritize & select assessment targets, review data & inspect site, generate options) (3) Feasibility analysis phase (technical & economic evaluation, select option for implementation) (4) Implementing waste management options, (justify projects, installation or equipment, implementation, performance evaluation). (b) Waste management techniques (source control: input material changes, technology changes (process, equipment), good operating practices (procedural measures, loss prevention, waste stream segregation).