bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The tabernacula of Gregory the Great and the conversion of Anglo-Saxon England
Authors: Spiegel Flora 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a famous letter to his missionaries in England, Pope Gregory the Great suggested that the newly converted Anglo-Saxons should be encouraged to build small huts, or ‘tabernacula’, in conjunction with Christian festivals. He seems to have associated these structures with the Jewish festival of Sukkot, reflecting a missionary strategy modelled on both the biblical conversion of the Israelites and on Gregory's own proselytizing approach towards the Jews of Rome. Gregory's instructions are discussed in the light of historical writings and archaeological evidence, which suggest that ‘tabernacula’ were indeed constructed in England during the conversion period, possibly adapted from pre-Christian Anglo-Saxon ritual structures.
Construction Grammar in the twenty-first century
Authors: BOAS HANS C. 
Published: November 2007

Adele Goldberg, Constructions at work: The nature of generalization in language. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006. vii + 280.Goldberg's new work ‘investigates the nature of our knowledge of language, how that knowledge is acquired by children, and how crosslinguistic and language-internal generalizations can be explained’. It builds on earlier research on Construction Grammar (CxG) by Fillmore (1986), Lakoff (1987), Fillmore, Kay & O'Connor (1988), and Goldberg (1995), among others. Since the mid-1990s constructions have become more and more popular as an alternative to Chomsky's (1995) Minimalist Program, but it was not until the new millennium that CxG reached a new level of interest that resulted in an ever-growing body of research (for an overview, see Fried & Östman 2004). Besides numerous articles and monographs, the increased interest in CxG is evidenced by a book series and an e-journal devoted to constructional research, as well as the bi-annual International Conference on Construction Grammar (ICCG). The publication of Goldberg (1995) inspired much constructional research over the past decade, most notably Croft's (2001) typologically oriented approach to CxG and Tomasello's (2003) constructional account of language acquisition.
Humanity amid conflict, terror and catastrophe: hypothetical but possible scenarios
Authors: Sanyasi Anthea 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article offers an understanding of the nature, scale and complexity of two hypothetical yet possible events and their potentially overwhelming impact upon health, security and socioeconomic productivity. It describes a no-warning CBRNE incident and a gradual rising-tide emergency with a newly emerging infectious disease, summarizing a range of likely response actions, impacts and constraints, particularly for the humanitarian community.
Prompt and utter destruction: the Nagasaki disaster and the initial medical relief
Authors: Margaret Kosuge Nobuko 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe article takes an overall look at the initial medical relief activities in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb fell there on 9 August 1945. In Nagasaki, as in Hiroshima, medical facilities were instantaneously destroyed by the explosion, yet the surviving doctors and other medical staff, though themselves sometimes seriously injured, did their best to help the victims. Medical facilities in adjacent areas also tended to the wounded continuously being brought there; some relief workers arrived at the disaster area when the level of radiation was still dangerously high. This article will in particular highlight the work of the doctors.
CTCF mediates insulator function at the CFTR locus
Authors: Blackledge Neil P. , Carter Emma J. , Evans Joanne R. , Lawson Victoria , Rowntree Rebecca K. , Harris Ann 
Published: November 2007

Regulatory elements that lie outside the basal promoter of a gene may be revealed by local changes in chromatin structure and histone modifications. The promoter of the CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) gene is not responsible for its complex pattern of expression. To identify important regulatory elements for CFTR we have previously mapped DHS (DNase I-hypersensitive sites) across 400 kb spanning the locus. Of particular interest were two DHS that flank the CFTR gene, upstream at −20.9 kb with respect to the translational start site, and downstream at +15.6 kb. In the present study we show that these two DHS possess enhancer-blocking activity and bind proteins that are characteristic of known insulator elements. The DHS core at −20.9 kb binds CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor) both in vitro and in vivo; however, the +15.6 kb core appears to bind other factors. Histone-modification analysis across the CFTR locus highlights structural differences between the −20.9 kb and +15.6 kb DHS, further suggesting that these two insulator elements may operate by distinct mechanisms. We propose that these two DHS mark the boundaries of the CFTR gene functional unit and establish a chromatin domain within which the complex profile of CFTR expression is maintained.
The NHB1 (N-terminal homology box 1) sequence in transcription factor Nrf1 is required to anchor it to the endoplasmic reticulum and also to enable its asparagine-glycosylation
Authors: Zhang Yiguo , Lucocq John M. , Yamamoto Masayuki , Hayes John D. 
Published: November 2007

Nrf1 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45 subunit-related factor 1) is negatively controlled by its NTD (N-terminal domain) that lies between amino acids 1 and 124. This domain contains a leucine-rich sequence, called NHB1 (N-terminal homology box 1; residues 11–30), which tethers Nrf1 to the ER (endoplasmic reticulum). Electrophoresis resolved Nrf1 into two major bands of approx. 95 and 120 kDa. The 120-kDa Nrf1 form represents a glycosylated protein that was present exclusively in the ER and was converted into a substantially smaller polypeptide upon digestion with either peptide:N-glycosidase F or endoglycosidase H. By contrast, the 95-kDa Nrf1 form did not appear to be glycosylated and was present primarily in the nucleus. NHB1 and its adjacent residues conform to the classic tripartite signal peptide sequence, comprising n-, h- and c-regions. The h-region (residues 11–22), but neither the n-region (residues 1–10) nor the c-region (residues 23–30), is required to direct Nrf1 to the ER. Targeting Nrf1 to the ER is necessary to generate the 120-kDa glycosylated protein. The n-region and c-region are required for correct membrane orientation of Nrf1, as deletion of residues 2–10 or 23–30 greatly increased its association with the ER and the extent to which it was glycosylated. The NHB1 does not contain a signal peptidase cleavage site, indicating that it serves as an ER anchor sequence. Wild-type Nrf1 is glycosylated through its Asn/Ser/Thr-rich domain, between amino acids 296 and 403, and this modification was not observed in an Nrf1Δ299–400 mutant. Glycosylation of Nrf1 was not necessary to retain it in the ER.
A structural basis for differential cell signalling by PAI-1 and PAI-2 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Croucher David R. , Saunders Darren N. , Stillfried Gillian E. , Ranson Marie 
Published: November 2007

PAI-1 and PAI-2 (plasminogen-activator inibitor types 1 and 2) are inhibitors of cell surface uPA (urokinase plasminogen activator). However, tumour expression of PAI-1 and PAI-2 correlates with poor compared with good patient prognosis in breast cancer respectively. This biological divergence may be related to additional functional roles of PAI-1. For example, the inhibition of uPA by PAI-1 reveals a cryptic high-affinity site within the PAI-1 moiety for the VLDLr (very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor), which sustains cell signalling events initiated by binding of uPA to its receptor. These interactions and subsequent signalling events promote proliferation of breast cancer cells. Biochemical and structural analyses show that, unlike PAI-1, the PAI-2 moiety of uPA–PAI-2 does not contain a high-affinity-binding site for VLDLr, although uPA–PAI-2 is still efficiently endocytosed via this receptor in breast cancer cells. Furthermore, global protein tyrosine phosphorylation events were not sustained by uPA–PAI-2 and cell proliferation was not affected. We thus propose a structurally based mechanism for these differences between PAI-1 and PAI-2 and suggest that PAI-2 is able to inhibit and clear uPA activity without initiating mitogenic signalling events through VLDLr.
Individual Versus Group Family-Focused Cognitive–Behaviour Therapy for Childhood Anxiety: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: de Groot Jules , Cobham Vanessa , Leong Joyce , McDermott Brett 
Published: November 2007

Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the relative effectiveness of group and individual formats of a family-focused cognitive–behavioural intervention, for the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Method: Twenty-nine clinically anxious children aged between 7 and 12 years were randomly allocated to either individual cognitive–behaviour therapy (ICBT) or group cognitive–behaviour therapy (GCBT). Results: At post-treatment assessment 57% of children in the ICBT condition no longer met criteria for any anxiety disorder, compared to 47% of children in the GCBT condition. At 3 month follow up these improvements were retained with some weakening. By the 6 month follow up 50% of children in the ICBT compared to 53% of children in the GCBT condition were anxiety diagnosis free. In terms of questionnaire data, no significant differences were detected between the ICBT and GCBT conditions at any of the follow-up points. However, a significant treatment effect for time was found, with both self-reports and parent reports indicating a significant reduction over time in anxiety symptoms. Conclusion: Overall, results suggest that children with anxiety disorders appear to improve following a family-focused cognitive behavioural intervention, regardless of individual or group administration. The interpretation and potential clinical implications of these findings are discussed, together with the limitations of this study and suggestions for future research.
Towards a Developmental Framework of Consumer and Carer Participation in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
Authors: Macdonald Elspeth , Lee Erica , Geraghty Kerry , McCann Karen , Mohay Heather , O'Brien Tom 
Published: November 2007

Objective: This paper examines the concept of consumer participation in the context of developmental changes in parent/child relationships and associated differences in the utilization of child and adolescent mental health services. Method: Existing definitions and characteristics of mental health service delivery for children and young people are examined to answer the question ,“Who is the consumer in the context of clinical services for young clients and their parents, and does this change with the child or young person's developmental stage?”. Results: As children, young people and parents utilize services in this area of mental health, the roles of consumer and carer need redefinition to accommodate both young clients and parents as consumers, and parents also as carers. Conclusion: The proposed framework addresses the changing roles of parents and young clients from infancy to early adulthood to guide consumer and carer participation strategies. If child and adolescent mental health services are to apply a developmental perspective and engage both young clients and parents as ‘consumers’, they need to address challenges related to the differences in expectations and capacities of young clients and parents, to the complexity associated with dual roles, and to promoting meaningful participation.
Ethics in counselling research fieldwork
Authors: Abrahams Hilary 
Published: November 2007

AbstractResearch dealing with sensitive subjects, feelings and emotional wellbeing requires constant reflection and rebalancing in order to meet the needs of all the parties involved and to be ethical. This paper examines some of the issues involved in applying ethical guidance to the reality of fieldwork in a study of the personal and emotional support needs of women who have left an abusive relationship. It considers organisational ethics, the complexities of informed consent, the duty of care and the need for reciprocity, and argues that the key to ethical research lies in respect for the individual.
Using a cross‐contextual qualitative diary design to explore client experiences of psychotherapy
Authors: Mackrill Thomas 
Published: November 2007

AbstractQualitative research in counselling and psychotherapy has largely been based on interviews carried out with clients and therapists. However, other approaches to qualitative data collection are possible. The present paper uses a diary design to explore the connection between what goes on in therapy sessions, and client activities and experiences in other contexts. Clients and counsellors kept diaries about significant aspects of therapy sessions, while clients also kept diaries about new and different experiences in other contexts in their lives. Ethical and practical issues involved in the use of diaries are discussed, and the methods that were employed to analyse diary‐based data are described. The types of findings that the study generated are presented, along with discussion of their implications for research into client experiences of therapy.
Effects of personal and social responsibility on fair play in sports and self‐control in school‐aged youths
Authors: Cecchini José A. , Montero Javier , Alonso Alicia , Izquierdo Mikel , Contreras Onofre 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this study, we examined the impact of Hellison's (1995) model for the development of personal and social responsibility on fair play and self‐control in youth. One hundred and eighty‐six students from three public schools with a mean age of 13.6 years were assigned to one of three treatment groups: experimental group A (n=63), experimental group B (n=62), and a control group (n=61). During 10 one‐hour sessions of beginners’ five‐a‐side soccer, group A went through five levels of the programme, whereas group B went through only four levels as the transferral phase was not introduced. Findings revealed that subsequent to the intervention programme, group A improved personal feedback, delayed gratification, self‐control, and process self‐regulation. Groups A and B showed an improvement in indicators of personal and social responsibility regarding enjoyment and sportsmanship and a decrease in variables related to the drive to win, rough play, contact fouls, and poor sportsmanship. No significant changes were observed in the control group.
A comparative study of regeneration under live and dead canopy trees in a tropical rain forest ecosystem of Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Kalema James , Kasenene John Massan 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPatterns of forest regeneration and recruitment are vital aspects in forest ecosystem maintenance. In Kibale, some tree species are experiencing unusual mortality and have been monitored for several years. This study was conducted in order to investigate the regeneration of five canopy tree species that were experiencing high mortality rates among adult individuals. The five canopy tree species, some of which are important timber species, include: Pouteria altissima, Celtis africana, Lovoa swynnertonii, Mimusops bagshawei and Newtonia buchananii. The study was conducted in the mature forest tract which was never logged mechanically (K‐30). The objective of the study was to establish whether these tree species influence regeneration of any of the other species including their own and the role of small gaps created by tree deaths in forest recruitment. The study species did not appear to regenerate beneath their own canopies. There was a tendency for higher survival rate away from the conspecific adult tree species. However, gaps created after the death of the mature trees were found to be sites of high forest regeneration level. They supported significant densities of the juveniles of the five study species where N. buchananii clearly demonstrates gap specialization.
Diversity and distribution of wild terrestrial orchids of Mt Elgon Forest National Park, eastern Uganda
Authors: Bulafu Collins E. , Mucunguzi Patrick , Kakudidi Esezah K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe diversity and distribution of wild terrestrial orchids of Mt Elgon National Park was studied between November 2003 and November 2004. The vegetation types investigated were grasslands, montane, bamboo, heath and moorlands. Sampling was done along Piswa and Sasa trails in the rainy and dry seasons. Altitude, slope gradient position, vegetation disturbance, burning and percentage canopy were assessed to find their influence on species diversity and distribution. Eighteen terrestrial orchids’ species were recorded. These represented four tribes and eight genera. Habenaria was the most frequent and dominant genus accounting for 44.4% of all the species encountered. Species dominance was more pronounced in the dry season. Along Sasa trail, Disa stairsii Kraenzl dominated the bamboo and heath vegetation zones. Epipactis africana Rendle dominated the montane vegetation zone. Along Piswa trail, Eulophia angolensis Rchb.f. dominated the grassland vegetation zone, while D. stairsii dominated in the montane and heath vegetation zones. Species diversity, frequency of occurrence and density were higher in the rainy season than in the dry season in all vegetation types. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that altitude, slope gradient position and percentage canopy cover were important factors that influenced orchid species richness and distribution.
Antioxidants in some Ugandan fruits
Authors: Stangeland Torunn , Remberg Siv Fagertun , Lye Kåre A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSeveral studies indicate that a plant‐based diet protects against the development of some serious diseases. It is assumed that the antioxidant content in food is an important reason for this protection. Dietary plants contain several hundred antioxidants, many of which are believed to act in a synergistic way to protect the body against oxidative stress. Berries, fruits, spices and some nuts have proved to be excellent sources of antioxidants. In this preliminary study, many fruits and some seeds from Ugandan plants have been analysed for total antioxidant activity using the FRAP (Ferric reducing ability of plasma) assay. Our results demonstrate that there is a large variation in antioxidant activity between the samples analysed. The plants with highest activity in decreasing order were found to be: African black olive (Canarium sweinfurthii), pomegranate, guava, java plum (Syzygium cuminii), sweet banana, tamarind, mango, orange and passion fruits, with antioxidant values in the range of 47.25 to 0.77 mmol per 100 g fresh weight. We believe that increased awareness of antioxidant activity in food and resulting change in food intake can be of importance for an improved health situation.
Conservation of indigenous plants outside protected areas in Tororo District, eastern Uganda
Authors: Eilu Gerald , Oriekot Joseph , Tushabe Herbert 
Published: November 2007

AbstractConservation in the tropics has focussed on protected areas (PAs) ignoring the unprotected sites. This study assessed the conservation of indigenous plants outside the PAs in Tororo District, eastern Uganda. Data were collected using participatory methods and field surveys, and questionnaires administered to 118 randomly selected respondents. A total of 87 indigenous plant species are used for firewood, medicine, construction, food, environmental services, pest control and cultural purposes. Four alien invasive species, (Lantana camara L., Senna spectabilis (DC.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby, Thevetia sp. and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray, are used. The indigenous species belong to 36 families and 66 genera. The plants are collected from around homesteads (crop fields and home gardens), wetlands and uncultivated hills/rocks. Use pattern was related to socio‐economic characteristics such as age, sex and occupation. The local conservation strategies include retaining useful plants around homesteads, controlled harvesting, restricting bush burning, tending and protective fences. The conservation strategies are related to socio‐economic characteristics and interests of harvesters. Overexploitation threatens the survival of species such as Milicia excelsa (Welw.) C. Berg, which are on the IUCN Red list. Conservation outside PAs should target common interest user groups and designate important sites for plant conservation.
The oxytocic properties of Luffa cylindrica (L.) M. Roem. and Bidens pilosa L., traditionally used medicinal plants from western Uganda
Authors: Kamatenesi‐Mugisha Maud , Makawiti Dominic W. , Oryem‐Origa Hannington , Olwa‐Odyek  , Nganga Joseph 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe usage of medicinal plants in childbirth in Uganda is a long standing tradition. Over 80% of Ugandan women have childbirth at home and herbal remedies are administered to complete the process of childbirth. The herbs are administered to hasten the labour process (oxytocics), expulsion of retained placenta and control postpartum bleeding. This indigenous knowledge in herbal medicines used during childbirth is not well documented and scientifically validated. The ethnobotanical study was conducted between 2000 and 2003 in Bushenyi and Kasese districts in western Uganda. The aim of this study was to validate the claimed uses of Bidens pilosa L. and Luffa cylindrica (L). M.J. Roem. in inducing labour during childbirths in western Uganda. The in vitro experiments using the rat uterus showed that the aqueous leafy extracts of B. pilosa and L. cylindrica increased rat uterine motility suggesting that they are oxytocics. The aqueous leafy extract of B. pilosa in vitro experiment using the rabbit jejunum further indicated that the extract can cause contraction. The bioactivity of B. pilosa and L. cylindrica is a pointer to the therapeutic uses of herbal remedies in childbirth.
Postlogging structural changes and regeneration of Olea welwitschii (Knobl) Gilg. & Schellemb. in the Kibale National Park, Uganda
Authors: Kasenene John M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe study was conducted in the Kibale National Park forest where both light and heavy logging was conducted during 1969–1970. The forest areas which had high stocking densities of Olea suffered the heaviest logging impacts. Research on the autecology of Olea welwitschii (Knobl) Gilg. & Schellemb., an excellent timber species, was undertaken to examine the effects of differential logging intensities on its residual population structure, tree morphology and regeneration. A series of quadrats were placed in the lightly and heavily logged forests, unlogged mature forest and in ecotonal forest tracts. All Olea trees, irrespective of size within the plots, were identified, marked, mapped and their diameter at breast height, height, branching height and multiple stemming measured. Results indicate that the distribution and abundance of Olea tree species was influenced by variations in human disturbances. Heavy forest disturbances created conditions similar to those in ecotonal sites which encouraged successful Olea tree colonization, regeneration and fast growth. However, the closed and semi‐closed canopy conditions following logging suppressed Olea regeneration. These observations qualify Olea to be a colonizer and light demander in the juvenile seral stages. It exhibits high tree mortality across all size classes and low survival under natural forest conditions compared with other typical forest climax species. Heavy logging also led to shorter multiple stemmed Olea trees which retained multiple branches on the trunks below the main canopy. Consequently, low‐level timber harvesting seems compatible with sustainable Olea utilization. The characteristics of Olea as a colonizing as well as canopy tree species makes it ideal for domestication, forest restoration and plantation management.