bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Push–pull hyperbranched molecules. A theoretical study
Authors: Ramos Estrella , Guadarrama Patricia , Terán Gerardo , Fomine Serguei 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe electronic properties of the ground state, unrelaxed and relaxed first excited states of push–pull hyperbranched molecules bearing amino and nitro terminal groups have been studied at BB1K/cc‐pvdz//HF/6‐31g(d), TD‐BB1K/cc‐pvdz//HF/6‐31g(d) and TD‐BB1K/cc‐pvdz//CIS/6‐31g(d) levels of theory, respectively. It was demonstrated that dendritic architecture of push–pull molecules favours the charge transfer in the excited state compared to linear molecules. The possibility of adopting a plane conformation is an important condition for the charge transfer in an excited state. According to the calculations 1:1 ratio of donor and acceptor groups is another important precondition for the manifestation of strong charge separation in the excited state. In case of excess of nitro groups over the amino, some of the excitations participating in the S0 → S1 transition favour the charge transfer in the excited state in the opposite directions, thus decreasing the charge separation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Surface Modification of Poly(propylene) with OH and COOH Groups Using Liquid‐Plasma Systems
Authors: Joshi Ranjit , Schulze Rolf‐Dieter , Meyer‐Plath Asmus , Friedrich Jörg Florian 
Published: July 2008

AbstractUnderwater plasma and glow discharge electrolysis are interesting new methods for polymer surface functionalization. The achievable content of O‐containing functional groups exceeds that of oxygen glow discharge gas plasmas by a factor of two (up to ca. 56 O/100 C). The percentage of OH groups among all O‐containing groups can reach 25 to 40%, whereas it is about 10% in the gas plasmas. Addition of hydrogen peroxide increases the fraction of OH groups to at most 70% (27 OH/100 C). The liquid plasma systems are also able to polymerize acrylic acid and deposit the polymer as very thin film on substrate surfaces or membranes, thereby retaining about 80% of all COOH functional groups (27 COOH/100 C).magnified image
Percent true calcium absorption, mineral metabolism, and bone mineralization in children with cystic fibrosis: Effect of supplementation with vitamin D and calcium
Authors: Hillman Laura S. , Cassidy James T. , Popescu Mihaela F. , Hewett John E. , Kyger Joseph , Robertson J. David 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo assess whether percent true calcium absorption (α) is normal in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and to assess whether supplementation with 2,000 IU vitamin D3, 1 g calcium, or both will alter α, mineral metabolism, and/or bone mass in children with CF.Study DesignFifteen children ages 7–13 were randomly assigned to one of four different orders to receive all four 6‐month treatments including placebos. Change in 25‐hydroxyvitamin D (25‐OHD), 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), PTH, bone turnover markers, and minerals after 6 months, and bone mineral content (Hologic 1000W) after 9 months was measured. α was measured by a dual stable isotope method using 48Ca intravenously and 46Ca orally and measuring 48Ca, 46Ca, and 42Ca in a 24‐hr urine using High Resolution Inductively Coupled Mass Spectroscopy (HR‐ICP‐MS). Analysis used Wilcoxon Sign Ranks.Resultsα was in the normal range and did not differ by treatment (P 35 ± 10%, Ca 38 ± 23%, D 36 ± 11%, D + Ca 46 ± 21%). One gram calcium did not increase serum or urine calcium. Two thousand IU D3 did not increase 25‐OHD or change 1,25(OH)2D. Serum and urine minerals, markers of bone turnover and bone mineral gains did not differ by treatment.Conclusionsα is normal in children with CF. One gram calcium and/or 2,000 IU D3 does not change α or increase 25‐OHD, serum calcium, or mineralization. Longer trials of a significantly higher dose of vitamin D3 shown to increase serum 25‐OHD are needed to assess effects on mineral metabolism and bone mass accrual. However, study of therapeutic options other than calcium and vitamin D should be encouraged. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:772–780. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pediatric inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the trachea: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Venizelos Ioannis , Papathomas Thomas , Anagnostou Eleftherios , Tsanakas John , Kirvassilis Fotis , Kontzoglou George 
Published: July 2008

AbstractInflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMTs) are relatively rare entities of a distinct histologic appearance and benign clinical course. Although these lesions have been described in virtually every anatomic location, there are few documented reports with tracheal localization. We add to the short list of pediatric IMTs of the trachea, a 13‐year‐old boy that was referred to our pediatric respiratory unit for evaluation of his respiratory distress. In particular, we describe the clinical and pathologic features of this patient and present a review of all reported lesions in the available literature. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:831–835. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shifting sands: assessing the balance between public, private not‐for‐profit and private for‐profit physical therapy delivery in Ontario, Canada
Authors: Landry Michel D. , Williams A. Paul , Verrier Molly C. , Holyoke Paul , Zakus David , Deber Raisa B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and Purpose. The vast majority of health services within Canada's single payer universal health care system are publicly funded. Despite the highly political and controversial emphasis placed on public funding, the structure of delivery within this health care system does not require public ownership. In this research, we developed a conceptual framework for analysing the public and private mix of physical therapy (PT) delivery in the province of Ontario. We then applied this framework to examine the shifts in employment structure of physical therapists (PTs) in Ontario. Methods. A two‐phased health policy case study methodology was used. In the first phase, we reviewed publicly available documents and conducted a series of 30 key informant interviews in order to develop our framework. In the second phase, we applied the framework and performed secondary analysis of the provincial PT registration database to assess change in practice setting between 1996 and 2002. Results. We identified nine models of delivery that fall into three categories of ownership structure: (a) public; (b) private not‐for‐profit; and (c) private for‐profit. During the six‐year period between 1996 and 2002, the relative proportion of PTs employed in the not‐for‐profit sector decreased (from 59.6% to 54.8%) whereas the share in the for‐profit sector grew (from 40.4% to 45.2%). Conclusions. The shifting balance in the structure of delivery may be transforming how PT services are provided in the province. Private for‐profit providers appear to be increasing their market share; however, the outcomes relative to this shift has yet to be fully explored. Further policy and health services research is warranted to more fully understand the consequences of this shift on variables such as professional autonomy, access, cost and quality of services across Canada, but also within similar and dissimilar international jurisdictions. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The availability and usage frequency of real time ultrasound by physiotherapists in South Australia: an observational study
Authors: Jedrzejczak A. , Chipchase L.S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and Purpose. Real time ultrasound (RTUS) is an emerging imaging modality in physiotherapy. Anecdotal evidence suggests that it is being used as an assessment and biofeedback tool for various deep core stabilizing muscles. However, how and why physiotherapists use RTUS in the clinical setting has not yet been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the availability and usage frequency of RTUS by physiotherapists in South Australia. In addition, the study aimed to describe how physiotherapists were using RTUS and how they were educated in its use. Method. A questionnaire was developed and mailed to all physiotherapists registered with the Physiotherapy Board of South Australia (n = 1328) between February and March 2007. Results. A response rate of 50% was achieved with 664 completed usable questionnaires returned. At the current time, only a small proportion of respondents used RTUS (11.6%), while slightly more had access to a machine (19.4%). RTUS was used most commonly for assessment (88.3%) and biofeedback (87.0%) of the abdominal (94.7%), pelvic floor (72.7%) and multifidus (54.5%) muscles. Of all respondents, 26.7% had trained in its use with most completing two hours or less of training. Conclusions. This is the first published study to describe how and why physiotherapists are using RTUS in clinical practice. RTUS appears to be a relatively uncommon modality potentially limited by insufficient access to equipment and educational opportunities. The findings highlight a greater need for education and training in the use of RTUS for physiotherapy practice. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No association between a polymorphic variant of the IRS‐1 gene and prostate cancer risk
Authors: Fall K. , Stark J.R. , Mucci L.A. , Chan J. , Stampfer M.J. , Kurth T. , Febbo P.G. , Kantoff P. , Ma J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOBJECTIVEInsulin receptor substrate‐1 (IRS‐1) acts as a docking protein between the insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) receptor and intracellular signaling molecules in the IGF‐1 signaling pathway. Accumulating data support a role of IGF‐1 in prostate carcinogenesis. We assessed the influence of the most common IRS‐1 gene polymorphism (Gly972Arg) on prostate cancer risk, alone and in combination with IGF‐1 and other components in the IGF‐1 signaling pathway.MATERIALS AND METHODSIn a nested case–control study within the Physicians' Health Study, the IRS‐1 polymorphism was assayed from prospectively collected samples from 564 incident prostate cancer cases and 758 controls matched on age and smoking. We calculated relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional logistic regression.RESULTSAmong the controls, 0.8% were homozygous (AA) and 12% were heterozygous (GA) for the polymorphic allele. There was no association between carriage of the A allele and total prostate cancer risk (RR = 1.1 95% CI = 0.8–1.5), advanced disease (stage C or D or lethal prostate cancer, RR = 1.3 95% CI = 0.8–2.3), or plasma IGF‐1 levels. We explored possible interactions with body mass index and components in the IGF‐1 pathway including IGFBP3, PI3k, and PTEN but none of these factors influenced the relation between IRS‐1 genotype and prostate cancer risk.CONCLUSIONSOur data do not support an association between carriage of the variant IRS‐1 gene and prostate cancer risk. Prostate 68: 1416–1420, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T40214/PEI complex: A potent therapeutics for prostate cancer that targets STAT3 signaling
Authors: Weerasinghe Priya , Li Yifei , Guan Yongli , Zhang Ruiwen , Tweardy David J. , Jing Naijie 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstate cancer (PC) is the most common cancer among men in American and the second leading cause of cancer death. The treatment options employed for patients with advanced and metastatic PC are limited. As a critical mediator of oncogenic signaling, STAT3 is active in 82% of patients with PC. STAT3 has become a very important molecular target for PC therapy since it upregulates the oncogenes encoding apoptosis inhibitors, cell cycle regulators, and inducers of angiogenesis. However, no anti‐tumor drug whose primary mode of action is to target STAT3 has yet reached the clinic. To this end, we have laid the initial groundwork to develop the STAT3‐inhibiting G‐quartet oligodeoxynucleotide (GQ‐ODN), T40214, for treatment of PCs.METHODSWe employed in vitro and in vivo assays, including Western blots, EMSA, cell cycle analysis, TUNEL and xenograft models, to determine the drug efficacy and mechanism of T40214/PEI complex.RESULTSThe results demonstrated that (i) T40214 significantly inhibited STAT3 activation and induced apoptosis in both androgen‐dependent and androgen‐independent PC cells; (ii) T40214 delivered by ployethylenimine (PEI) significantly suppressed prostate tumor growth in tumor‐bearning nude mice due to that T40214 inhibited STAT3 activation and then greatly promoted apoptosis, reduced angiogenesis and cell proliferation in prostate tumors.CONCLUSIONOur studies suggested that STAT3 is a critical oncogenic signal, which strongly influences the progression of PCs and that T40214/PEI complex is a promising candidate for treatment of patients with prostate tumors and represents a novel strategy for PC therapy. Prostate 68: 1430–1442, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen regulation of multidrug resistance‐associated protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) in prostate cancer
Authors: Ho Lye Lin , Kench James G. , Handelsman David J. , Scheffer George L. , Stricker Phillip D. , Grygiel John G. , Sutherland Robert L. , Henshall Susan M. , Allen John D. , Horvath Lisa G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDMRP4/ABCC4 is an ATP‐binding cassette transporter expressed in normal prostate. This study aimed to define the pattern of MRP4/ABCC4 expression in normal and malignant prostate tissue and the relationship of MRP4/ABCC4 expression and function in response to androgen signaling.METHODSEighty‐four radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with localized prostate cancer (PC) (22 neoadjuvant androgen ablation, AA, 62 no AA), 42 non‐cancer and 16 advanced PCs were assessed for MRP4/ABCC4 mRNA/protein expression. The effect of DHT and bicalutamide on LNCaP cells was assessed by immunoblotting. HEK293 cells (+/−MRP4/ABCC4) were assessed for the ability to efflux androgens and anti‐androgens.RESULTSMRP4/ABCC4 mRNA/protein levels were higher in localized PC compared to non‐cancer (P = 0.006). MRP4/ABCC4 levels were significantly decreased in PCs treated with AA compared to cancers exposed to normal testosterone levels (P < 0.0001). MRP4/ABCC4 expression in normal human tissues was limited to the prostate and the renal tubules. MRP4/ABCC4 protein levels increased in LNCaP cells after DHT which was partially blocked by bicalutamide. However, DHT did not alter the activation of the MRP4/ABCC4 promotor in luciferase reporter assays and testosterone, DHT, flutamide and hydroxy‐flutamide were not substrates for MRP4/ABCC4.DISCUSSIONElevated MRP4/ABCC4 expression is found in malignant compared to benign prostate tissue while lower MRP4/ABCC4 expression is seen after AA. Furthermore, MRP4/ABCC4 is upregulated by androgen and downregulated by anti‐androgen treatment in vitro potentially through an indirect mode of action. These data strongly suggest that MRP4/ABCC4 is an androgen‐regulated gene important in the progression to PC and may be a potential drug target. Prostate 68: 1421–1429, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen‐dependent activation of human cytomegalovirus major immediate‐early promoter in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Moon Jong‐Seok , Lee Min‐Young , Park Sahng Wook , Han Woong Kyu , Hong Soon‐Won , Ahn Jin‐Hyun , Kim Kyung‐Sup 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) major immediate early (MIE) promoter, which is involved in viral reactivation, is specifically activated by androgen in LNCaP prostate cancer cells.METHODSAndrogen‐dependent transcriptional activities of the HCMV MIE promoter were measured by transient transfection assay. Expression levels of genes related to protein kinase A (PKA)‐signaling pathway was measured by RT‐PCR.RESULTSActivation of the HCMV MIE promoter by androgen results from an increase in PKA activities. The expression level of PKA catalytic (C) subunit beta transcript variant 2 (PKA‐Cβ2) was decreased by serum deprivation and was increased by R1881 treatment, in a pattern similar to changes of the HCMV MIE promoter activities. Furthermore the exogenous expression of PKA‐Cβ2 strongly activated the HCMV MIE promoter, indicating that regulation of the PKA‐Cβ2 expression might be a direct upstream factor in the HCMV MIE promoter regulation by androgen in LNCaP cells.CONCLUSIONSThe data elucidated the mechanisms by which androgen activates PKA in androgen‐dependent prostate cancer cells, resulting in activation of the HCMV MIE promoter. These results support the possibility that activation of the HCMV MIE promoter by androgen in the prostate could cause the productive infection, which might contribute to oncomodulation in prostate cancers. Prostate 68: 1450–1460, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of electrostatic contributions to the selectivity of interactions between RING‐finger domains and ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes
Authors: Scheper Johanna , Oliva Baldo , Villà‐Freixa Jordi , Thomson Timothy M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe zinc‐coordinated protein motifs known as RING‐finger domains, present on a class of ubiquitin ligases (E3's), recruit ubiquitin‐conjugating enzymes (E2s), tethering them to substrate proteins for covalent modification with ubiquitin. Each RING‐finger domain can recruit different E2s, and these interactions are frequently selective, in that certain RING‐finger domains associate preferentially with certain E2s. This selectivity acquires particular biological relevance when the recruited E2s exert specialized functions. We have explored the determinants that specify the presence or absence of experimentally detectable interaction between two RING‐finger domains, those on RNF11 and RNF103, and two E2s, UBC13, a specialized E2 that catalyzes ubiquitin chain elongation through Lys63 of ubiquitin, and UbcH7, which mediates polyubiquitylation through Lys48. Through the iterative use of computational predictive tools and experimental validations, we have found that these interactions and their selectivity are partly governed by the combinations of electrostatic interactions linking specific residues of the contact interfaces. Our analysis also predicts that the main determinants of selectivity of these interactions reside on the RING‐finger domains, rather than on the E2s. The application of some of these rules of interaction selectivity has permitted us to experimentally manipulate the selectivity of interaction of the RING‐finger domain‐E2 pairs under study. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modeling underwater penetration of LNG carrier
Authors: Woodward John L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn underwater breach of a tank in a double‐hulled LNG carrier poses several challenging questions to be addressed by an adequate model. This article describes a model that accounts for the following phenomena: (1) LNG tank vapor space pressure decreasing by the piston effect of outflow (the effect a decreasing water level pulling down the pressure); (2) LNG evaporation in the hull space and vapor outflow through the outer breach; (3) LNG outflow and gas inflow to the LNG tank at the inner breach; (4) Ice formation by LNG evaporative cooling. The model does not allow for localized ice build up at the inner breach constricting flow. Predictions show tank pressure, LNG outflow rates, water inflow rates over time, the duration of the event, and total LNG losses. Losses are shown to be considerably less with double‐hull than with single hull construction. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2008
Layered digraph model for HAZOP analysis of chemical processes
Authors: Cui Lin , Zhao Jinsong , Qiu Tong , Chen Bingzhen 
Published: July 2008

AbstractProcess modeling has remained challenging in the area of automating hazard and operability (HAZOP) analysis of complex chemical processes. Even though signed digraph(SDG) model has been proposed and widely applied in various HAZOP expert systems in the past one decade, the limitations of SDG have not been recognized and discussed in literature. The drawbacks of SDG models have caused incompleteness of HAZOP analysis results, which poses a significant limitation on wide acceptance of HAZOP expert systems in industrial practices. In this work, layered digraph (LDG) model extended from SDG is introduced to overcome the drawbacks of SDG models. Knowledge storage and management of LDG models are discussed in detail. Industrial case studies are used to illustrate the effectiveness of this new modeling methodology. Since process variables, process deviations, and interactions of deviations are explicitly decoupled in three dimensions, LDG model has shown to provide a much more flexible and comprehensive mechanism for HAZOP analysis. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2008
A divergent approach to the preparation of cysteine and serine analogs
Authors: Masterson Douglas S. , Roy Kinkini , Rosado Dale A. , Fouche Marilyn 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMalonate diesters containing a prochiral quaternary carbon have been successfully transformed into analogs of cysteine and serine. The chiral half‐esters are obtained in good yield, and enantioselectivity by selective hydrolysis using Pig‐Liver Esterase (PLE) as the catalyst. The resulting half‐ester intermediates are transformed into α2, 2‐, β2, 2‐, and β3, 3‐analogs of cysteine and serine. The methodology described here allows for the preparation of both enantiomers of the amino‐acid analogs by selective manipulation of the ester and acid functionalities. This divergent strategy allows a common synthetic strategy to be used to prepare a variety of unnatural amino‐acid classes from a common intermediate which should prove useful in the design of novel peptide libraries. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐walled carbon nanotubes production by ethane decomposition over silica‐supported iron‐catalysts
Authors: Messina Giacomo , Santangelo Saveria , Donato Maria G. , Lanza Maurizio , Milone Candida , Pistone Alessandro , Galvagno Signorino 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMulti‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are prepared by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) in C2H6 + H2 mixture over 20%Fe/SiO2 catalysts. The effects, in terms of yield and selectivity of the growth process, of the changes in composition (H2 at 0–75%) and flow‐rate (100–150 sccm) of gas‐mixture, catalyst reduction‐temperature (400 °C and 650 °C), temperature (750–850 °C) and duration (0.5−6 h) of the synthesis‐reaction are investigated. Although yield to C deposits improves by increasing gas flow‐rate, temperature or duration of the synthesis‐reaction, and by diminishing H2 volume fraction in growth atmosphere, it never exceeds 90% due to the heavy catalyst encapsulation. Moreover, the results of morphological and structural analyses show that a loss of selectivity towards nanotubes and a deterioration of CNT crystalline quality generally accompany the yield enhancement. This suggests the unsuitability of the ethane decomposition over silica‐supported Fe‐catalysts to the large‐scale production of CNTs. Nevertheless, the nanotubes attained might be profitably used in all applications exploiting the magnetic properties originating from the encapsulated iron. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth and characterization of gallium oxide thin films by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering
Authors: Marie P. , Portier X. , Cardin J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractUndoped and Neodymium‐doped gallium oxide (Ga2O3) thin films of about 500 nm thickness were successfully grown at different temperatures ranging from 100 up to 600 °C by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering. Post‐annealing treatments were carried out at 900 °C and 1000 °C. The obtained films were (400) textured and a grain size of a few tens of nanometres was found. Optical and electrical characterizations led to a figure of merit of about 1.9 × 10–4. These films were successfully doped with Neodymium by a co‐sputtering method. The photoluminescence experiments for the Nd‐doped β‐Ga2O3 films clearly showed the rare‐earth emitting signature. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)