bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of proliferation of small intestinal and bronchopulmonary neuroendocrine cell lines by using peptide analogs targeting receptors
Authors: Kidd Mark , Schally Andrew V. , Pfragner Roswitha , Malfertheiner Maximillian V. , Modlin Irvin M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.Currently, no consistently effective therapy is available to inhibit cell proliferation or metastasis of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) disease. The effects of 4 novel peptides were analyzed: a targeted cytotoxic analog of luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone (LH‐RH) analog (AN‐152), a targeted cytotoxic analog of somatostatin (AN‐238), and 2 antagonists of growth hormone‐releasing hormone (GH‐RH) on 3 NET (carcinoid) cell lines that expressed respective peptide receptors.METHODS.The effects of the compounds were evaluated on cell proliferation in vitro using MTT uptake and Ki67 expression, apoptosis (caspase 3 expression and activity), and cell cycle parameters (DNA distribution).RESULTS.Proliferation of the LH‐RH receptor‐expressing lung NET, NCI‐H720 line, was inhibited 2‐fold by AN‐152 containing doxorubicin compared with the chemotherapy alone (IC50 of 9.1 nM vs 24 nM). This was associated with a reduction in Ki67 transcript and an increase in both caspase 3 mRNA levels and activity. Proliferation of the GH‐RH receptor expressing lung NET, NCI‐H727 line, was inhibited by both GH‐RH antagonists, the effects being mediated through changes in Ki67 expression, but not in caspase 3‐mediated apoptosis. The small intestinal NET, KRJ‐I line, was 8× more sensitive to inhibition by AN‐238 than to 2‐pyrolino‐doxorubicin, reflected by increased caspase 3 transcript as well as activity. AN‐238‐mediated growth inhibition culminated in complete G1 arrest.CONCLUSIONS.The data demonstrate GH‐RH antagonists or peptide‐linked antineoplastic agents such as AN‐152 and AN‐238 are effective inhibitors of NET proliferation in vitro. Because peptide receptors such as those for GH‐RH, LH‐RH, and SST subtypes are commonly expressed by NETs, the development of antineoplastic agents targeted to specific tumor receptors may provide a more efficacious strategy than systemic chemotherapeutic agents currently in use. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
High‐dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell rescue for children with recurrent malignant brain tumors
Authors: Shih Chie‐Schin , Hale Gregory A. , Gronewold Lindsey , Tong Xin , Laningham Fred H. , Gilger Elizabeth A. , Srivastava Deo Kumar , Kun Larry E. , Gajjar Amar , Fouladi Maryam 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.High‐dose chemotherapy (HDCT) with autologous stem cell rescue (ASCR) has been reported to be effective in treating children with recurrent central nervous system (CNS) malignancies.METHODS.To evaluate the efficacy and toxicities of HDCT and ASCR, the medical records of 27 children with recurrent CNS malignancies who received such therapy at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1989 and 2004 were reviewed.RESULTS.The median age at diagnosis was 4.5 years (range, 0.4–16.6 years) and that at ASCR was 6.7 years (range, 1.1–18.5 years). Diagnoses included medulloblastoma (13 patients), primitive neuroectodermal tumor (3 patients), pineoblastoma (2 patients), atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumor (2 patients), ependymoma (3 patients), anaplastic astrocytoma (2 patients), and glioblastoma multiforme (2 patients). The 5‐year overall and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were 28.2% and 18.5%, respectively. The 5‐year PFS rate for patients aged <3 years at diagnosis (57.1%) was significantly better than older patients (5.0%) (P = .019). Among the 6 long‐term survivors (5 with M0 disease and 1 with M3 disease at diagnosis), 5 received both radiotherapy and HDCT as part of their salvage regimen; 4 were aged <3 years at diagnosis and had received chemotherapy only as part of frontline therapy. Two patients died of transplant‐related toxicities; 44% experienced grade 3 or 4 transplant‐related toxicities (toxicities were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria).CONCLUSIONS.HDCT with ASCR is not an effective salvage strategy for older children with recurrent CNS malignancies. The significantly better outcome in the younger cohort was most likely related to the use of radiotherapy as part of the salvage strategy. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Effect of the number of lymph nodes sampled on postoperative survival of lymph node‐negative esophageal cancer
Authors: Greenstein Alexander J. , Litle Virginia R. , Swanson Scott J. , Divino Celia M. , Packer Stuart , Wisnivesky Juan P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe presence of lymph node (LN) metastases in esophageal cancer has important prognostic and treatment implications. However, the optimal number of LNs that should be examined for accurate staging is controversial. In the current study, the association between survival and the number of LNs evaluated was examined in patients who underwent resection of lymph node‐negative (American Joint Committee on Cancer [AJCC] TNM stage I‐IIA) esophageal cancer.METHODSAll patients were identified who underwent surgery for lymph node‐negative esophageal cancer between 1988 and 2003 from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry. Patients were classified into 3 groups by the number of negative LNs sampled during surgery (≤10 LNs, 11‐17 LNs, and ≥18 LNs). Esophageal cancer‐specific survival was compared among these LN groups using Kaplan‐Meier curves. Stratified and Cox regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between survival and the number of negative LNs after adjusting for potential confounders.RESULTSA total of 972 patients were included in the study. Disease‐specific survival rates increased with a higher number of negative LNs. The 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 55% among patients with ≤10 negative LNs, compared with 66% and 75%, respectively, for those with 11 to 17 negative LNs and ≥18 negative LNs. The number of negative LNs was found to be significantly associated with survival in analyses stratified by tumor status. On multivariate regression controlling for age, race/ethnicity, sex, histology, tumor status, and postoperative radiotherapy, a higher number of negative LNs was found to be independently associated with higher disease‐specific survival.CONCLUSIONSThe presence of LN metastases in patients with esophageal cancer appears to have important prognostic and treatment implications. Data from the current study suggest that patients undergoing surgical resection for esophageal cancer should have at least 18 LNs removed. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
A phase 2 study of gemcitabine and epirubicin for the treatment of pleural mesothelioma
Authors: Okuno Scott H. , Delaune Robert , Sloan Jeff A. , Foster Nathan R. , Maurer Matthew J. , Aubry Marie‐Christine , Rowland Kendrith M. , Soori Gamini S. , Nikcevich Daniel A. , Kardinal Carl G. , Northfelt Donald W. , Adjei Alex A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND.The North Central Cancer Treatment Group (NCCTG) conducted a phase 2 study to evaluate the antitumor activity of the combination of gemcitabine and epirubicin in patients with pleural mesothelioma who received no more than 1 prior chemotherapy regimen.METHODS.A total of 23 patients were accrued between August 2001 and April 2002 and received gemcitabine at a dose of 1000 mg/m2 intravenously over 30 minutes weekly every 2 weeks and epirubicin at a dose of 90 mg/m2 intravenously on Day 1 on an every‐21‐days cycle (high‐dose patient group). Between August 2002 and April 2004, an additional 45 patients were treated at a reduced dose of gemcitabine of 750 mg/m2 and epirubicin at a dose of 70 mg/m2 with the same schedule (low‐dose patient group).RESULTS.In the high‐dose patient group, the confirmed response rate was 13% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 3–34%). The median survival was 9.3 months (95% CI, 7.4–10.7 months) and the median time to disease progression was 6.3 months (95% CI, 3.0–7.6 months). In the low‐dose patient group, the confirmed response rate was 7% (95% CI, 0–28%). The median survival was 5.7 months (95% CI, 4.7–8.7 months) and the median time to disease progression was 4.2 months (95% CI, 2.7–5.6 months). Toxicity was moderate to severe. In the high‐doseand low‐dose groups, 87% and 60% of patients, respectively, experienced at least 1 adverse event of grade 4 or higher (according to National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria [version 2.0]). The quality of life remained similar from baseline to the end of the 2 cycles of treatment in the high‐dose group but worsened in the low‐dose group.CONCLUSIONS.In the current study, the combination regimen of gemcitabine and epirubicin was found to demonstrate minimal antitumor activity against pleural mesothelioma. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Deafferentiation‐associated changes in afferent and efferent processes in the guinea pig cochlea and afferent regeneration with chronic intrascalar brain‐derived neurotrophic factor and acidic fibroblast growth factor
Authors: Glueckert Rudolf , Bitsche Mario , Miller Josef M. , Zhu Yaying , Prieskorn Diane M. , Altschuler Richard A. , Schrott‐Fischer Anneliese 
Published: January 2008

AbstractDeafferentation of the auditory nerve from loss of sensory cells is associated with degeneration of nerve fibers and spiral ganglion neurons (SGN). SGN survival following deafferentation can be enhanced by application of neurotrophic factors (NTF), and NTF can induce the regrowth of SGN peripheral processes. Cochlear prostheses could provide targets for regrowth of afferent peripheral processes, enhancing neural integration of the implant, decreasing stimulation thresholds, and increasing specificity of stimulation. The present study analyzed distribution of afferent and efferent nerve fibers following deafness in guinea pigs using specific markers (parvalbumin for afferents, synaptophysin for efferent fibers) and the effect of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in combination with acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF). Immediate treatment following deafness was compared with 3‐week‐delayed NTF treatment. Histology of the cochlea with immunohistochemical techniques allowed quantitative analysis of neuron and axonal changes. Effects of NTF were assessed at the light and electron microscopic levels. Chronic BDNF/aFGF resulted in a significantly increased number of afferent peripheral processes in both immediate‐ and delayed‐treatment groups. Outgrowth of afferent nerve fibers into the scala tympani were observed, and SGN densities were found to be higher than in normal hearing animals. These new SGN might have developed from endogenous progenitor/stem cells, recently reported in human and mouse cochlea, under these experimental conditions of deafferentation‐induced stress and NTF treatment. NTF treatment provided no enhanced maintenance of efferent fibers, although some synaptophysin‐positive fibers were detected at atypical sites, suggesting some sprouting of efferent fibers. J. Comp. Neurol. 507:1602–1621, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factors CTCF and Pax6 are segregated to different cell types during retinal cell differentiation
Authors: Canto‐Soler M. Valeria , Huang Hu , Romero M. Soledad , Adler Ruben 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe have hypothesized that the transcription factor CTCF may influence retinal cell differentiation by controlling Pax6 expression, because (1) CTCF has been shown to repress Pax6 expression in some tissues, and (2) Pax6 blocks the differentiation of retinal progenitor cells as photoreceptors and promotes their differentiation as nonphotoreceptor neurons. Our results show that, as predicted by this hypothesis, CTCF and Pax6 become segregated to different retinal cell types. The factors are initially coexpressed in the undifferentiated neuroepithelium, but already at that time they show complementary periphery‐to‐fundus gradients of distribution. As the retina laminates, Pax6 becomes restricted to ganglion and amacrine cells, and CTCF to the bipolar/Muller cell layer and the outer nuclear layer. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of laser capture microdissection samples and dissociated cells showed that both immature and differentiated photoreceptors are CTCF (+)/ Pax6 (−). Functional studies are now under way to further analyze the role of CTCF in retinal cell differentiation. Developmental Dynamics 237:758–767, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Egfl7 knockdown causes defects in the extension and junctional arrangements of endothelial cells during zebrafish vasculogenesis
Authors: De Mazière Ann , Parker Leon , Van Dijk Suzanne , Ye Weilan , Klumperman Judith 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe endothelial cell (EC) ‐specific secreted protein EGFL7 is important for tubulogenesis in newly forming blood vessels. We studied its role in vascular tube formation by a quantitative ultrastructural analysis of Egfl7‐knockdown zebrafish embryos. At 24 hours postfertilization, the endothelia of dorsal aorta (DA) and posterior cardinal vein (PCV) were correctly anchored to the hypochord and endoderm, respectively, but failed to expand into the vascular area. This resulted in vessels with reduced or split lumen and open sheets of ECs. Concomitantly, the organization of hematopoietic cells—identified by the presence of previously undescribed membrane tubules—between DA and PCV, and within the vessels, was severely disturbed. Strikingly, ectopic cell junctions occurred across the obstructed vessel lumen, on the luminal EC surfaces, which in control conditions never display junctions of any kind. These data suggest that Egfl7 provides ECs with a cue for their extension into the vascular area and in establishing EC cell polarity. Developmental Dynamics 237:580–591, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wtap is required for differentiation of endoderm and mesoderm in the mouse embryo
Authors: Fukusumi Yoshiyasu , Naruse Chie , Asano Masahide 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWilms' tumor 1‐associating protein (WTAP) was previously identified as a protein associated with Wilms' tumor‐1 (WT‐1) protein that is essential for the development of the genitourinary system. Although WTAP has been suggested to function in alternative splicing, stabilization of mRNA, and cell growth, its in vivo function is still unclear. We generated Wtap mutant mice using a novel gene‐trap approach and showed that Wtap mutant embryos exhibited defective egg‐cylinder formation at the gastrulation stage and died by embryonic day 10.5. Although they could form extraembryonic tissues and anterior visceral endoderm, Wtap mutant embryos and embryonic stem cells failed to differentiate into endoderm and mesoderm. The chimera analysis showed that Wtap in extraembryonic tissues was required for the formation of mesoderm and endoderm in embryonic tissues. Taken together, our findings indicate that Wtap is indispensable for differentiation of mesoderm and endoderm in the mouse embryo. Developmental Dynamics 237:618–629, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell autonomous roles for AP‐2α in lens vesicle separation and maintenance of the lens epithelial cell phenotype
Authors: Pontoriero Giuseppe F. , Deschamps Paula , Ashery‐Padan Ruth , Wong Ryan , Yang Ying , Zavadil Jiri , Cvekl Ales , Sullivan Shelley , Williams Trevor , West‐Mays Judith A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this study, we have created a conditional deletion of AP‐2α in the developing mouse lens (Le‐AP‐2α mutants) to determine the cell‐autonomous requirement(s) for AP‐2α in lens development. Embryonic and adult Le‐AP‐2α mutants exhibited defects confined to lens placode derivatives, including a persistent adhesion of the lens to the overlying corneal epithelium (or lens stalk). Expression of known regulators of lens vesicle separation, including Pax6, Pitx3, and Foxe3 was observed in the Le‐AP‐2α mutant lens demonstrating that these genes do not lie directly downstream of AP‐2α. Unlike germ‐line mutants, Le‐AP‐2α mutants did not exhibit defects in the optic cup, further defining the tissue specific role(s) for AP‐2α in eye development. Finally, comparative microarray analysis of lenses from the Le‐AP‐2α mutants vs. wild‐type littermates revealed differential expression of 415 mRNAs, including reduced expression of genes important for maintaining the lens epithelial cell phenotype, such as E‐cadherin. Developmental Dynamics 237:602–617, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of the eight AMPA receptor subunit genes in the developing central nervous system and sensory organs of zebrafish
Authors: Hoppmann Verena , Wu Jun J. , Søviknes Anne Mette , Helvik Jon Vidar , Becker Thomas S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe AMPA type glutamate receptors mediate the majority of fast synaptic transmission in the vertebrate nervous system. Whereas mammals have four subunit genes, Gria1‐4, zebrafish has retained a duplicated set of eight genes named gria1‐4a and b. We give here a detailed overview of the expression patterns of all eight zebrafish subunits within the developing central nervous system and sensory organs at 24, 48, and 72 hr after fertilization. Expression domains include distinct neuronal subsets in the developing forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, and spinal cord, as well as in the ganglion‐ and inner nuclear layers of the retina. As a general rule, each pair of duplicated gria genes is differentially expressed, indicating subfunctionalization of AMPA receptor subunit expression in the teleost lineage. Our findings suggest that zebrafish can serve as a useful model system to investigate the role of AMPA receptors and their differential expression in the vertebrate nervous system. Developmental Dynamics 237:788–799, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of Copper Halide Coordination Polymers with Ligands Formed by In Situ Cyclization of 2‐Aminopyrimidine and Ethanol
Authors: Bi Minghui , Li Guanghua , Hua Jia , Lin Yingjie , Cao Junjun , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe design and synthesis of coordination polymers from transition metals and organic ligands have been extensively studied for their crystallographic diversity and potential applications. Recently, the synthesis of coordination polymers by hydro(solvo)thermal in situ metal/ligand reactions has drawn great interest because of its potential to generate novel coordination architectures and new organic reactions. As described in our manuscript, the nitrogen heterocyclic 2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidine (C6H7N3) ligand was synthesized by an in situ reaction starting from 2‐aminopyrimidine and ethanol. At the same time, two luminescent copper halide coordination polymers, (CuCl)3C6H7N3 and (CuI)2C6H7N3, were assembled under solvothermal conditions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Infrahuman outgroup or suprahuman ingroup: The role of nationalism and patriotism in the infrahumanization of outgroups
Authors: Viki G. Tendayi , Calitri Raff 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPrevious research has shown that people are more likely to attribute uniquely human emotions to their ingroup than an outgroup (infrahumanization). In the current research, we examine whether these research findings are an indication of the infrahumanization of outgroups or the suprahumanization of the ingroup. We examined the role of nationalism and patriotism in the attribution of secondary emotions to groups. In line with the infrahumanization argument, we obtained a significant positive relationship between nationalism and the differential attribution of secondary emotions to the ingroup versus outgroup. In contrast, patriotism was negatively related to the differential attribution of secondary emotions. These findings indicate that the differential attribution of secondary emotions to the ingroup (vs. outgroup) is an indication of the derogation or infrahumanization of outgroups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of synthetic sequences of half‐hourly temperature
Authors: Magnano L. , Boland J. W. , Hyndman R. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe present tools to generate synthetic sequences of half‐hourly temperatures with similar statistical characteristics to observed historical data. Temperatures are generated using a combination of daily and half‐hourly temperature models which account for intra‐day and intra‐year seasonality, as well as short‐and long‐term serial correlations. Details of the model estimation are given as well as a description of the synthetic generation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toluene vapor remediation in a continuous packed bed loop bioreactor
Authors: Nikakhtari Hossein , Hill Gordon A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAn external loop airlift bioreactor with a small amount (99% porosity) of stainless steel mesh packing inserted in the riser section was used for bioremediation of a toluene polluted air stream. The packing enhanced VOC and oxygen mass transfer rates and provided a large surface area for cell immobilization. Using a mixed culture, fed‐batch and continuous runs at five different dilution rates were completed with toluene in the polluted air as the only carbon source. Above 99% and 93.6% toluene removals were achieved at toluene loading rates up to 88.1 and 149.1 g/(m3 h), respectively. The bioreactor responded quickly to a toluene load shock of 33 g/(m3 h) at high inlet toluene loadings. After 185.8 days operation, no plugging problems were observed in the column. A mathematical model is shown to accurately predict transient and steady state data. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Go out or stay in? The effects of zero tolerance laws on alcohol use and drinking and driving patterns among college students
Authors: Liang Lan , Huang Jidong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractZero tolerance laws make it illegal per se for anyone under age 21 to drive with any measurable amount of blood alcohol. Although a link has been established between zero tolerance laws and lower motor vehicle fatalities, research has not produced strong evidence on how zero tolerance laws influence individual alcohol use and drinking and driving behaviors. Using a unique data set and a difference‐in‐difference‐in‐difference‐type research design, we are able to analyze a number of pathways through which zero tolerance laws can work among an important underage population, college students. We find that zero tolerance laws reduce drinking and driving among college students. Further analysis of our detailed alcohol use measures suggests that zero tolerance laws are particularly effective at reducing the probability of driving after drinking for those who reported drinking away from home. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.