bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of fluorescence‐controlled Er:YAG laser radiation, the Vector™ system and hand instruments on periodontally diseased root surfaces in vivo
Authors: Schwarz F. , Bieling K. , Venghaus S. , Sculean A. , Jepsen S. , Becker J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of fluorescence‐controlled Er:YAG laser radiation, an ultrasonic device or hand instruments on periodontally diseased root surfaces in vivo.Material and Methods: Seventy‐two single‐rooted teeth (n=12 patients) were randomly treated in vivo by a single course of subgingival instrumentation using (1–3) an Er:YAG laser (ERL1: 100 mJ; ERL2: 120 mJ; ERL3: 140 mJ; 10 Hz), or (4) the Vector™ ultrasonic system (VUS) or (5) hand instruments (SRP). Untreated teeth served as control (UC). Areas of residual subgingival calculus (RSC) and depth of root surface alterations were assessed histo‐/morphometrically.Results: Highest values of RSC areas (%) were observed in the SRP group (12.5±6.9). ERL(1–3) (7.8±5.8, 8.6±4.5, 6.2±3.9, respectively) revealed significantly lower RSC areas than SRP. VUS (2.4±1.8) exhibited significantly lower RSC areas than SRP and ERL(1, 2). Specimens treated with SRP revealed conspicuous root surface damage, while specimens treated with ERL(1–3) and VUS exhibited a homogeneous and smooth appearance.Conclusion: Within the limits of the present study, it may be concluded that ERL and VUS enabled (i) a more effective removal of subgingival calculus and (ii) a predictable root surface preservation in comparison with SRP.
Clinical outcomes of quadrant root planing versus full‐mouth root planing
Authors: Jervøe‐Storm P.‐M. , Semaan E. , AlAhdab H. , Engel S. , Fimmers R. , Jepsen S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectives: To determine the clinical effects of full mouth compared with quadrant wise scaling and root planing.Method: Twenty patients with chronic periodontitis (2 teeth per quadrant with probing pocket depths (PPD)5 mm and bleeding on probing (BOP) were randomized into a test group treated in two sessions with subgingival scaling and root planing within 24 h (full‐mouth root planing (FMRP)) and a control group treated quadrant by quadrant in four sessions in intervals of 1 week (quadrant root planing (QRP)). PPD, relative attachment level (RAL) and BOP were recorded at baseline, 3 and 6 months.Results: Analysing first quadrant data, in moderately deep pockets (5 mmPPD<7 mm) there was no evidence for a difference (FMRP–QRP) between both groups for PPD reduction (mean: −0.128 mm; CI: [−0.949, 0.693]; p=0.747), RAL gain (mean: 0.118 mm; CI: [−0.763, 1.000]; p=0.781), and BOP reduction (mean: −20.1%; CI: [−44.3, 4.2]; p=0.099). Likewise, no significant differences between treatments were found for initially deep pockets (PPD7 mm), neither for first quadrant nor for whole mouth data.Conclusion: The results of the present study demonstrated equally favourable clinical results following both treatment modalities.
Measuring plaque in clinical trials: index or weight?
Authors: McCracken G. I. , Preshaw P. M. , Steen I. N. , Swan M. , DeJager M. , Heasman P. A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAim: To explore the possibility of using plaque weight rather than plaque index as a more objective, clinical outcome measure in periodontal clinical trials.Materials and methods: The study initially recruited 12 healthy volunteers who abstained from tooth cleaning for 24 h on each of the three occasions and then for 48 h on each of a further three occasions to accumulate plaque. On a further three visits, the subjects abstained from tooth cleaning for 24 h and then brushed with a powered toothbrush for 2 min. A split‐mouth design with target teeth was adopted and plaque was first scored separately on each side of the mouth using the Turesky modification of the Quigley and Hein plaque index. Post‐brushing residual plaque was also scored after tooth cleaning. Inter‐proximal plaque was dried, removed, pooled and weighed: on one side of the mouth from the entire inter‐proximal surfaces; and from beneath the contact points on the contra‐lateral side.Results: Discriminant validity showed the index to have an advantage over weight in discerning between 24‐ and 48‐h plaque deposits, and between 24‐h plaque and post‐brushing plaque. Test‐retest validity confirmed that for repeated plaque growth, variability within subjects was greater than the variability between subjects. There was an association between plaque weight and plaque index although the regression lines were non‐linear.Conclusion: There appears to be no significant advantage in using plaque weight in periodontal clinical trials.
Estimation of the remaining periodontal ligament from attachment‐level measurements
Authors: Yamamoto T. , Kinoshita Y. , Tsuneishi M. , Takizawa H. , Umemura O. , Watanabe T. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAim: Accurate assessment of the remaining area of periodontal attachment assists in determining the prognosis of a tooth. The aim of this study was to determine formulae to estimate the remaining area of periodontal attachment from attachment‐level measures.Materials and Methods: Roots of 30 extracted teeth of each tooth type were coated with vinyl acetate solution and α‐cyanoacrylate monomer to produce a membrane. The membrane was removed after guidelines were drawn to simulate various attachment levels. The root surface area on the apical side of each simulated attachment level was measured using image analysis software. The net or percent root surface area and corresponding attachment level data were fitted to a linear, quadratic, cubic, and exponential functions and a growth curve.Results: The linear function provided the most appropriate fit for the data. For net root surface area, a steeper slope was evident for tooth types with a larger mean total root surface area. For percent root surface area, a steeper slope was evident for tooth types with a shorter root length.Conclusions: A linear function provides the most appropriate formula for estimation of the remaining area of periodontal attachment based on the attachment‐level measurement.
Interviews and assessments of returning non‐compliant periodontal maintenance patients
Authors: Fardal Øystein 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: Periodontal therapy without a maintenance programme has been shown to be of doubtful value. Most studies show a low‐level of compliance with periodontal maintenance therapy. Many suggestions as to the reasons for this have been put forward, but it has been difficult to confirm these, as the patients are not available to be interviewed.Aim: To identify, interview and assess returning non‐compliant periodontal maintenance patients.Method: All patients who had undergone periodontal therapy between 1986 and 2004 but not complied with the maintenance therapy were interviewed and assessed when they later returned to the specialist office for treatment.Results: Sixty‐one patients with an average age of 56.4 years (SD 11,1) were studied. There were 18 males and 43 females. The patients were compliant for 3.4 years (SD 3.2) before leaving and returning after 5.5 years (SD 3.3) of non‐compliance. Average tooth loss while non‐compliant was 1.6 teeth (SD 2.8). The interviews revealed that 37 patients attended their own dentist's office exclusively for maintenance therapy, eight patients gave health reasons and seven patients lack of motivation or failure to cooperate. Thirty‐six patients were re‐referred by their own dentist, 13 changed dentist and were referred by this dentist, while 12 patients contacted the specialist office directly. Fifty‐three patients claimed to have been fully compliant with their own dentist while non‐compliant with the specialist office.Conclusion: The main reason for non‐compliance was that the patients did attend their own dentist exclusively for maintenance therapy. Tooth loss and periodontal deterioration was more marked in this group than patients who in addition attended the specialist office for maintenance therapy.
Effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidant capacity
Authors: Buduneli Nurcan , Kardesşler Levent , Isşık Hasan , Willis C. Steadman , Hawkins Samuel I. , Kinane Denis F. , Scott David A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAim: This study evaluated possible effects of smoking and gingival inflammation on salivary antioxidants in gingivitis patients.Methods: Twenty otherwise healthy gingivitis patients (10 self‐reported smokers) and 20 periodontally and systemically healthy volunteer subjects were enrolled in the study. Whole saliva samples and full‐mouth clinical periodontal recordings were obtained at baseline and one month following initial phase of treatment in gingivitis patients. Salivary cotinine, glutathione and ascorbic acid concentrations, and total antioxidant capacity were determined, and the data generated were tested by non‐parametric tests.Results: Salivary cotinine measurements resulted in re‐classification of three self‐reported non‐smokers as smokers. Smoker patients revealed significantly higher probing depths but lower bleeding values than non‐smoker patients (p=0.044 and 0.001, respectively). Significant reductions in clinical recordings were obtained in non‐smoker (all p<0.05) and smoker (all p<0.01) patients following periodontal treatment. Salivary total glutathione concentrations were reduced following therapy in gingivitis patients who smoke (p<0.01). Otherwise, no statistically significant differences were found between the groups in biochemical parameters at baseline or following treatment (p>0.05).Conclusions: Within the limits of this study, neither smoking nor gingival inflammation compromised the antioxidant capacity of saliva in systemically healthy gingivitis patients.
Inhibitory effect of Weissella cibaria isolates on the production of volatile sulphur compounds
Authors: Kang Mi‐Sun , Kim Byung‐Gook , Chung Jin , Lee Hyun‐Chul , Oh Jong‐Suk 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAims: The objective of this study was to characterize the inhibitory effects of Weissella cibaria isolates on volatile sulphur compounds (VSC) production both in vitro and in vivo.Material and Methods: We isolated and identified three hydrogen peroxide‐generating lactobacilli from children's saliva, and assessed their inhibitory effects on VSC production and Fusobacterium nucleatum proliferation. Clinical studies were conducted with 46 subjects in order to measure the VSC of their mouth air.Results: These lactobacilli were identified as W. cibaria. These isolates inhibited the production of VSC by F. nucleatum (p<0.05). The concentration of F. nucleatum was decreased by 5‐log cycles as a result of exposure to the W. cibaria strains (p<0.05), whereas the catalase‐treated W. cibaria cultures exerted no evident inhibitory effects on F. nucleatum replication. In the clinical studies, gargling with one isolate resulted in a significant reduction in the levels of H2S and CH3SH by approximately 48.2% (p<0.01) and 59.4% (p<0.05), respectively.Conclusions: These results indicate that W. cibaria isolates possess the ability to inhibit VSC production under both in vitro and in vivo conditions, demonstrating that they bear the potential for development into novel probiotics for use in the oral cavity.
Transforming growth factor‐β stimulates Interleukin‐11 production by human periodontal ligament and gingival fibroblasts
Authors: Yashiro R. , Nagasawa T. , Kiji M. , Hormdee D. , Kobayashi H. , Koshy G. , Nitta H. , Ishikawa I. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackground: Transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β is a potent multifunctional polypeptide, abundant in the bone matrix. Interleukin (IL)‐11 is a pleiotropic cytokine with effects on multiple cell types. The present study was performed to evaluate the regulatory effects of TGF‐β on IL‐11 production by human periodontal ligament cells (PDL) and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF).Material and Methods: The expression of TGF‐β receptor in PDL and HGF were observed using flow cytometry. PDL and HGF were stimulated with TGF‐β with or without protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors and activator. IL‐11, bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (BMP‐2) and TGF‐β mRNA expression was quantified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). IL‐11 production was measured using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.Results: PDL and HGF expressed both TGF‐β receptor I and TGF‐β receptor II on the cell surfaces. IL‐11 mRNA expression and IL‐11 production were augmented by TGF‐β in both PDL and HGF, with higher values in PDL. PKC inhibitors partially suppressed TGF‐β‐induced IL‐11 production in PDL and HGF, whereas activator enhanced it. TGF‐β mRNA and BMP‐2 mRNA expression were up‐regulated by TGF‐β in PDL.Conclusion: These results suggest that PDL produce IL‐11 in response to TGF‐β.
Is pre‐term labour associated with periodontitis in a Danish maternity ward?
Authors: Skuldbøl T. , Johansen K. H. , Dahlén G. , Stoltze K. , Holmstrup P. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectives: To reveal differences in periodontal status and presence of subgingival bacteria in a Scandinavian population of women with pre‐term birth compared with women who delivered at term.Materials and Methods: Twenty‐one women with pre‐term labour (before week 35) and 33 women with term labour (between weeks 38 and 41) were included in this case–control study. Periodontal measurements included plaque index (PlI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP). Inter‐proximal distances from the cemento‐enamel junction (CEJ) to the marginal bone crest (MBC) were measured on bitewing radiographs. In 31 patients (16 cases and 15 controls) the subgingival plaque was analysed using “checkerboard” DNA–DNA hybridization.Results: Differences between the two examined groups were found related to “Twin births” (p=0.0064) and “Smokers” (p=0.03). None of the periodontal measurements showed any association. Significant differences were found concerning presence of Tannerella forsythensis, Treponema denticola, Peptostreptococcus micros, Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus sanguis and Capnocytophaga ochracea but when defining sites with >105 bacteria as heavily colonized, no statistical difference was found between the two groups.Conclusion: A relation between pre‐term birth and periodontitis was not revealed in the present study.
Towards an Eighteenth‐Century Transatlantic Critical Race Theory*
Authors: Hill Ruth 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA critical race theory that examines Anglo and Hispanic contexts, and stretches from Western Europe to the Americas, remains a desideratum. However, by teaching and studying Anglo critical race theory alongside Hispanic critical race theory, critical race theorists of colonial and postcolonial situations would find their own assumptions and preconceptions challenged, and come to recognize differences among those situations. Spanish‐English dictionaries published before the nineteenth century provided a jumping‐off point for scholars and students interested in the pre‐history of race. John Stevens’New Spanish and English Dictionary (1706) and Pedro Pineda's largely derivative New Dictionary, Spanish and English (1740) are signal works that offer insights into the caste system in 18th‐century Spanish America. How the taxonomy of caste developed in Spain and Spanish America and how it was disseminated are questions that are rarely posed. Bilingual dictionaries no less than natural history and related discourses (alchemy, books of secrets, husbandry) will perhaps suggest some answers and at the same time encourage critical race theorists to study social hierarchy from a transatlantic perspective.
Testing Endothelial Function of Brachial and Cavernous Arteries in Patients with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Mazo Evsey , Gamidov Safar , Anranovich Stanislav , Iremashvili Vycheslav 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
There is considerable clinical and scientific evidence that endothelial dysfunction may be an important clinical link connecting erectile dysfunction (ED) with cardiovascular diseases.

Aims
To modify the method of assessment of endothelial function of cavernosal arteries, to develop a new algorithm for evaluating its results, and to investigate the relationship between postocclusive changes in the diameter of brachial and cavernous arteries.

Methods
The study participants were 212 patients presenting to our department complaining of ED and 40 healthy volunteers without sexual problems, which formed the control group. All patients with ED underwent complex evaluation and ultrasound assessment of postocclusive changes in the diameter of cavernosal arteries modified by us and standard ultrasound assessment of endothelium-dependent flow-mediated dilation of the brachial artery.

Main Outcome Measures
As the main outcome measure, the percent of increase of the cavernosal arteries diameter (PICAD) was recorded.

Results
In the patients with arteriogenic ED, PICAD values were significantly less than in other groups (P &lt; 0.001 for pairs of comparison). At the same time there were no differences between the control group and groups of patients with psychogenic and organic nonarterial ED. The sensitivity and specificity of a PICAD value of 50% in diagnosis of arteriogenic ED were 100% and 98.2%, respectively. In all groups and in the entire sample of patients studied we did not find a correlation between PICAD and postocclusive changes in the diameter of brachial arteries.

Conclusion
The method of ultrasound assessment of postocclusive changes in the diameter of cavernosal arteries is reliable and a highly informative tool for diagnosis of arteriogenic ED. It cannot be substituted by techni-cally simpler method of ultrasound examination of brachial arteries, while results of the latter could help to define the necessity of performing an examination of cavernous arteries.
The Breakdown of Preformed Advanced Glycation End Products Reverses Erectile Dysfunction in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats: Preventive Versus Curative Treatment
Authors: Usta Mustafa F. , Kendirci Muammer , Gur Serap , Foxwell Neale A. , Bivalacqua Trinity J. , Cellek Selim , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Objectives
Accumulation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) has been linked to many of the complications of diabetes mellitus, including erectile dysfunction (ED). Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that inhibitors of AGE formation, such as aminoguanidine, can prevent ED in diabetic animals. However, it is unknown whether late administration of a putative cross-link breaker, ALT-711, can reverse diabetic ED. We therefore compared ALT-711 and aminoguanidine in their ability to reverse ED in diabetic rats.

Materials and Methods
Male Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: (i) age-matched controls; (ii) streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection); (iii) STZ diabetic rats treated with ALT-711 (3 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal injection); and (iv) STZ diabetic rats treated with aminoguanidine (1 gm/L in drinking water) during the final 6 weeks of 12 weeks of induced diabetes. At the end of 12 weeks, erectile response to cavernous nerve stimulation (CNS) was determined. Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) contents were measured in all penises, and AGE levels were determined both in penile tissues and in serum samples.

Results
Erectile responses to CNS and penile nNOS protein content were significantly reduced, while AGE levels were elevated in the penises and serum of untreated diabetic animals. Treatment with ALT-711, but not with aminoguanidine, reversed ED and nNOS depletion and reduced serum and penile tissue AGE levels.

Conclusions
These results suggest that cross-link breakers, such as ALT-711, are the optimal therapeutic approach, compared with treatment with inhibitors of AGE formation, in the reversal of diabetes-related ED.
Sexual Counseling Improved Erectile Rehabilitation After Non-Nerve-Sparing Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy or Cystectomy—Results of a Randomized Prospective Study
Authors: Titta Matteo , Tavolini Ivan Matteo , Moro Fabrizio Dal , Cisternino Antonio , Bassi Pierfrancesco 
Published: February 2006

ABSTRACT

Aim
The efficacy of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-intracavernous injection (ICI) therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) after non-nerve-sparing (NNS) radical pelvic surgery depends on patient compliance. The purpose of this study was to verify the utility of sexual counseling in ICI in terms of treatment efficacy, compliance, and dropout rate.

Methods
In this prospective randomized study, 57 patients with ED after NNS radical prostatectomy or cystectomy were divided: 29 patients (group SC+) were treated with sexual counseling and PGE1-ICI therapy; the others 28 (group SC–) were treated with only ICI. At the start of the study all patients were administered the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire and ICI training test; follow-up (at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18 months) was achieved by home Sildenafil test and ambulatory IIEF test; sexual counseling was provided only to group SC+.

Results
The mean IIEF score at the end of study was 26.5 (SC+) vs. 24.3 (SC–) (P &lt; 0.05); eight patients (SC+, 27.5%) became responders to home Sildenafil vs. five (SC–, 17.8%) (P &lt; 0.05); no dropout cases occurred (SC+) vs. eight (SC–, 28.5%) (P &lt; 0.05). Moreover, we recorded best IIEF scores in group SC+ in sexual satisfaction (P &lt; 0.05), sexual desire (P &lt; 0.05), orgasmic function, and general satisfaction. Mean PGE1 doses were better in group SC+ (P &lt; 0.05). ICI-oriented sexual counseling was utilized to motivate couples, to improve sexual intercourses, to correct mistakes in ICI administration. At the end of follow-up 21 patients (SC+) declared themselves satisfied vs. 12 (SC–).

Conclusions
ICI-oriented sexual counseling in ICI increased the efficacy of treatment, the compliance, and Sildenafil responders rate, decreased the dropout rate.