bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trittsicherheit auf Zukunftspfaden? Ungewissheitsbewältigung bei der Entsorgung hochradioaktiver Abfälle
Authors: Scheer Dirk , Becker Frank , Hassel Thomas , Hocke Peter , Leusmann Thorsten , Metz Volker 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Wege für eine sichere Entsorgung hochradioaktiver Abfälle sind vielfältig und bleiben eine zentrale politisch-gesellschaftliche Herausforderung. Umweltverträglichkeit, Gesundheitsschutz und sozialer Frieden sind nur einige Aspekte, denen eine zukunftsgerichtete Endlagerung gerecht werden muss. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es eine zentrale Aufgabe, zieladäquate Zukunftspfade der nuklearen Entsorgung hochradioaktiver Abfälle zu identifizieren, zu analysieren und zu bewerten – dies steht im Mittelpunkt dieses Beitrags. Ziel ist zum einen eine vergleichende Betrachtung der identifizierten Pfade hinsichtlich ihrer Priorisierung und Charakteristika. Zum anderen werden aus den Pfaden übergeordnete Strategien zum Umgang mit Ungewissheiten abgeleitet. Insgesamt wurden sieben Zukunftspfade identifiziert und hinsichtlich ihrer Plausibilität und Umsetzungswahrscheinlichkeit eingeordnet. Die einzelnen Pfade werden im Beitrag zunächst dargestellt mit einem besonderen Augenmerk auf drei Pfaden, die als sehr wahrscheinlich eingestuft wurden. Darauf folgt eine vergleichende Pfadbetrachtung aus dem Blickwinkel von Gewissheiten und Ungewissheiten als Kernthema des Beitrags. Daraus werden drei übergreifende Strategien der Ungewissheitsbewältigung bei Entsorgungspfaden hochradioaktiver Abfälle herausgearbeitet.
Holographic complexity: braneworld gravity versus the Lloyd bound
Authors: Aguilar-Gutierrez Sergio E. , Craps Ben , Hernandez Juan , Khramtsov Mikhail , Knysh Maria , Shukla Ashish 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We explore the complexity equals volume proposal for planar black holes in anti-de Sitter (AdS) spacetime in 2+1 dimensions, with an end of the world (ETW) brane behind the horizon. We allow for the possibility of intrinsic gravitational dynamics in the form of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity to be localized on the brane. We compute the asymptotic rate of change of volume complexity analytically and obtain the full time dependence using numerical techniques. We find that the inclusion of JT gravity on the brane leads to interesting effects on time dependence of holographic complexity. We identify the region in parameter space (the brane location and the JT coupling) for which the rate of change of complexity violates the Lloyd bound. In an equivalent description of the model in terms of an asymptotically AdS wormhole, we connect the violation of the Lloyd bound to the violation of a suitable energy condition in the bulk that we introduce. We also compare the Lloyd bound constraints to previously derived constraints on the bulk parameters in this model that are based on bounds on entanglement growth in the dual CFT state.
Capping the positivity cone: dimension-8 Higgs operators in the SMEFT
Authors: Chen Qing , Mimasu Ken , Wu Tong Arthur , Zhang Guo-Dong , Zhou Shuang-Yong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
SMEFT Wilson coefficients are subject to various positivity bounds in order to be consistent with the fundamental principles of S-matrix. Previous bounds on dimension-8 SMEFT operators have been obtained using the positivity part of UV partial wave unitarity and form a (projective) convex cone. We derive a set of linear UV unitarity conditions that go beyond positivity and are easy to implement in an optimization scheme with dispersion relations in a multi-field EFT. Using Higgs scattering as an example, we demonstrate how to obtain closed bounds in the space of the three relevant dimension-8 coefficients, making use of the UV unitarity conditions as well as so-called null constraints that arise from full crossing symmetry. Specifically, we show that they are bounded by inequalities schematically going like C <$$ \mathcal{O} $$
O
((4π)2). We compare the newly obtained upper bounds with the traditional perturbative unitarity bounds from within the EFT, and discuss some phenomenological implications of the two-sided positivity bounds in the context of experimental probes of Vector Boson Scattering.
A novel gene-trap line reveals the dynamic patterns and essential roles of cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 in zebrafish heart development and regeneration
Authors: Liang Shuzhang , Zhou Yating , Chang Yue , Li Jiayi , Zhang Min , Gao Peng , Li Qi , Yu Hong , Kawakami Koichi , Ma Jinmin , Zhang Ruilin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMutations in cysteine and glycine-rich protein 3 (CSRP3)/muscle LIM protein (MLP), a key regulator of striated muscle function, have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in patients. However, the roles of CSRP3 in heart development and regeneration are not completely understood. In this study, we characterized a novel zebrafish gene-trap line, gSAIzGFFM218A, which harbors an insertion in the csrp3 genomic locus, heterozygous fish served as a csrp3 expression reporter line and homozygous fish served as a csrp3 mutant line. We discovered that csrp3 is specifically expressed in larval ventricular cardiomyocytes (CMs) and that csrp3 deficiency leads to excessive trabeculation, a common feature of CSRP3-related HCM and DCM. We further revealed that csrp3 expression increased in response to different cardiac injuries and was regulated by several signaling pathways vital for heart regeneration. Csrp3 deficiency impeded zebrafish heart regeneration by impairing CM dedifferentiation, hindering sarcomere reassembly, and reducing CM proliferation while aggravating apoptosis. Csrp3 overexpression promoted CM proliferation after injury and ameliorated the impairment of ventricle regeneration caused by pharmacological inhibition of multiple signaling pathways. Our study highlights the critical role of Csrp3 in both zebrafish heart development and regeneration, and provides a valuable animal model for further functional exploration that will shed light on the molecular pathogenesis of CSRP3-related human cardiac diseases.
Representation theoretic interpretation and interpolation properties of inhomogeneous spin q-Whittaker polynomials
Authors: Korotkikh Sergei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe establish new properties of inhomogeneous spin q-Whittaker polynomials, which are symmetric polynomials generalizing $$t=0$$

t
=
0

Macdonald polynomials. We show that these polynomials are defined in terms of a vertex model, whose weights come not from an R-matrix, as is often the case, but from other intertwining operators of $$U'_q({\widehat{\mathfrak {sl}}}_2)$$

U
q
′

(

sl
^

2

)

-modules. Using this construction, we are able to prove a Cauchy-type identity for inhomogeneous spin q-Whittaker polynomials in full generality. Moreover, we are able to characterize spin q-Whittaker polynomials in terms of vanishing at certain points, and we find interpolation analogues of q-Whittaker and elementary symmetric polynomials.
Mapping and validation of Fusarium wilt race 2 resistance QTL from Citrullus amarus line USVL246-FR2
Authors: Ganaparthi Venkata Rao , Wechter Patrick , Levi Amnon , Branham Sandra E. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Key message
Fon race 2 resistant QTLs were identified on chromosomes 8 and 9. Families homozygous for resistance alleles at a haplotype of three KASP markers had 42% lower disease severity than those with susceptible alleles in an independent, interspecific validation population confirming their utility for introgression of Fusarium wilt resistance.

Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon) race 2 causes Fusarium wilt in watermelon and threatens watermelon production worldwide. Chemical management options are not effective, and no resistant edible watermelon cultivars have been released. Implementation of marker-assisted selection to develop resistant cultivars requires identifying sources of resistance and the underlying quantitative trait loci (QTL), developing molecular markers associated with the QTL, and validating marker-phenotype associations with an independent population. An intraspecific Citrullus amarus recombinant inbred line population from a cross of resistant USVL246-FR2 and susceptible USVL114 was used for mapping Fon race 2 resistance QTL. KASP markers were developed (N = 51) for the major QTL on chromosome 9 and minor QTL on chromosomes 1, 6, and 8. An interspecific F2:3 population was developed from resistance donor USVL246-FR2 (C. amarus) and a susceptible cultivar ‘Sugar Baby’ (Citrullus lanatus) to validate the utility of the markers for introgression of resistance from the wild crop relative into cultivated watermelon. Only 16 KASP markers segregated in the interspecific C. amarus/lanatus validation population. Four markers showed significant differences in the separation of genotypes based on family-mean disease severity, but together explained only 16% of the phenotypic variance. Genotypes that inherited homozygous resistant parental alleles at three KASP markers had 42% lower family-mean disease severity than homozygous susceptible genotypes. Thus, haplotype analysis was more effective at predicting the mean disease severity of families than single markers. The haplotype identified in this study will be valuable for developing Fon race 2 resistant watermelon cultivars.
Gaze data of 4243 participants shows link between leftward and superior attention biases and age
Authors: Strauch Christoph , Hoogerbrugge Alex J. , Ten Brink Antonia F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHealthy individuals typically show more attention to the left than to the right (known as pseudoneglect), and to the upper than to the lower visual field (known as altitudinal pseudoneglect). These biases are thought to reflect asymmetries in neural processes. Attention biases have been used to investigate how these neural asymmetries change with age. However, inconsistent results have been reported regarding the presence and direction of age-related effects on horizontal and vertical attention biases. The observed inconsistencies may be due to insensitive measures and small sample sizes, that usually only feature extreme age groups. We investigated whether spatial attention biases, as indexed by gaze position during free viewing of a single image, are influenced by age. We analysed free-viewing data from 4,243 participants aged 5–65 years and found that attention biases shifted to the right and superior directions with increasing age. These findings are consistent with the idea of developing cerebral asymmetries with age and support the hypothesis of the origin of the leftward bias. Age modulations were found only for the first seven fixations, corresponding to the time window in which an absolute leftward bias in free viewing was previously observed. We interpret this as evidence that the horizontal and vertical attention biases are primarily present when orienting attention to a novel stimulus – and that age modulations of attention orienting are not global modulations of spatial attention. Taken together, our results suggest that attention orienting may be modulated by age and that cortical asymmetries may change with age.
Hypothesis testing for varying coefficient models in tail index regression
Authors: Momoki Koki , Yoshida Takuma 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines the varying coefficient model in tail index regression. The varying coefficient model is an efficient semiparametric model that avoids the curse of dimensionality when including large covariates in the model. In fact, the varying coefficient model is useful in mean, quantile, and other regressions. The tail index regression is not an exception. However, the varying coefficient model is flexible, but leaner and simpler models are preferred for applications. Therefore, it is important to evaluate whether the estimated coefficient function varies significantly with covariates. If the effect of the non-linearity of the model is weak, the varying coefficient structure is reduced to a simpler model, such as a constant or zero. Accordingly, the hypothesis test for model assessment in the varying coefficient model has been discussed in mean and quantile regression. However, there are no results in tail index regression. In this study, we investigate the asymptotic properties of an estimator and provide a hypothesis testing method for varying coefficient models for tail index regression.
Goal-adaptive Meshing of Isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love Shells
Authors: Verhelst H. M. , Mantzaflaris A. , Möller M. , Den Besten J. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMesh adaptivity is a technique to provide detail in numerical solutions without the need to refine the mesh over the whole domain. Mesh adaptivity in isogeometric analysis can be driven by Truncated Hierarchical B-splines (THB-splines) which add degrees of freedom locally based on finer B-spline bases. Labeling of elements for refinement is typically done using residual-based error estimators. In this paper, an adaptive meshing workflow for isogeometric Kirchhoff–Love shell analysis is developed. This framework includes THB-splines, mesh admissibility for combined refinement and coarsening and the Dual-Weighted Residual (DWR) method for computing element-wise error contributions. The DWR can be used in several structural analysis problems, allowing the user to specify a goal quantity of interest which is used to mark elements and refine the mesh. This goal functional can involve, for example, displacements, stresses, eigenfrequencies etc. The proposed framework is evaluated through a set of different benchmark problems, including modal analysis, buckling analysis and non-linear snap-through and bifurcation problems, showing high accuracy of the DWR estimator and efficient allocation of degrees of freedom for advanced shell computations.
Microglial phagolysosome dysfunction and altered neural communication amplify phenotypic severity in Prader-Willi Syndrome with larger deletion
Authors: Correa-da-Silva Felipe , Carter Jenny , Wang Xin-Yuan , Sun Rui , Pathak Ekta , Kuhn José Manuel Monroy , Schriever Sonja C. , Maya-Monteiro Clarissa M. , Jiao Han , Kalsbeek Martin J. , Moraes-Vieira Pedro M. M. , Gille Johan J. P. , Sinnema Margje , Stumpel Constance T. R. M. , Curfs Leopold M. G. , Stenvers Dirk Jan , Pfluger Paul T. , Lutter Dominik , Pereira Alberto M. , Kalsbeek Andries , Fliers Eric , Swaab Dick F. , Wilkinson Lawrence , Gao Yuanqing , Yi Chun-Xia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrader-Willi Syndrome (PWS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder of genetic etiology, characterized by paternal deletion of genes located at chromosome 15 in 70% of cases. Two distinct genetic subtypes of PWS deletions are characterized, where type I (PWS T1) carries four extra haploinsufficient genes compared to type II (PWS T2). PWS T1 individuals display more pronounced physiological and cognitive abnormalities than PWS T2, yet the exact neuropathological mechanisms behind these differences remain unclear. Our study employed postmortem hypothalamic tissues from PWS T1 and T2 individuals, conducting transcriptomic analyses and cell-specific protein profiling in white matter, neurons, and glial cells to unravel the cellular and molecular basis of phenotypic severity in PWS sub-genotypes. In PWS T1, key pathways for cell structure, integrity, and neuronal communication are notably diminished, while glymphatic system activity is heightened compared to PWS T2. The microglial defect in PWS T1 appears to stem from gene haploinsufficiency, as global and myeloid-specific Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency in murine models demonstrated. Our findings emphasize microglial phagolysosome dysfunction and altered neural communication as crucial contributors to the severity of PWS T1’s phenotype.
Prenatal and postnatal development of New Zealand white rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) teeth: histological and computed tomography aspects
Authors: Haddad Seham S. , Abdel-Megeed Nazema , Abumandour Mohamed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe study reveals a lack of histomorphogenesis in New Zealand white rabbit teeth. The teeth development was examined through sequential histological segments in 24 rabbits from prenatal ages (E19, E21, E23, E25, and E28), neonates (E30), and postnatal age (1 week and 2 weeks); (three animal specimens at each age stage). Rabbit teeth first appeared at 19 days of prenatal life (E19) as an ectodermal epithelial thickening on each side of the mouth opening. At E21, the bud of upper incisor tooth appeared as an epithelial bud, which composed of many condensed epithelium cells, was simply identified from the larger with less condensed vestibular lamina, and was surrounded by mesenchymal connective tissue while the lower incisor took the cap stage. At (E23), tooth regular construction is formed from enamel, dentine, and pulp cavity. Peg incisor appearance (supplementary and assistant incisors) is visible at the lingual surface of the upper major incisor. Teeth prenatal development went through successive stages like initiation, bud, cap, late bell, maturation, and crown stages. The first initiation phase of tooth formation was seen as ectodermal epithelial cell collection at (E19). Bud stage saw on upper incisor tooth, while in cap structure in lower incisor teeth at (E19). A cap-formed tooth is composed of the enamel organ and fundamentally dense mesenchymal tissue. Enamel organs are segmented into three distinct layers: the external tooth enamel epithelial, the internal tooth enamel epithelial, and finally the stellate reticular layer. The cement layer covered teeth all around on enamel on both the labial and lingual sides while not contacting the dentine on the lateral side, forming enamel space. Teeth develop consistently all through life; they have expanded enamel thickness; they are diphyodont teeth; they have two continuous dentitions; they are deciduous and perpetual, with long crown teeth and an open root.
A dual telescoping lag screw nailing system for intertrochanteric fractures: retrospective analysis of clinical and radiologic outcomes
Authors: Innocenti Matteo , Leggieri Filippo , Secci Gregorio , Carulli Christian , Del Prete Armando , Civinini Roberto 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether this system is associated with a reduced rate of failure and complications in patients treated for proximal femoral fractures with intramedullary nailing.

Materials and methods
742 Patients with AO-OTA 31-A intertrochanteric fractures were enrolled at a single Institution. Functional evaluation was assessed through the Functional Independence Measure (FIM™) instrument and Parker’s New Mobility Score (NMS). Radiological follow-up included the degree of the reduction according to the Baumgartner criteria, the Tip-Apex Distance, and the shortening of the telescoping screws and its lateral protrusion.

Results
Pre-operative mean FIM™ and NMS were 4.3 (range 1–9) and 98.7 (range 22–126), respectively. At the 12-month follow-up the average FIM™ and NMS were 95.3 (range 22–126) and 3.7 (range 1–9), respectively. Mean shortening of the lag screws was 4.3 mm (range 1–8) and mean lateral protrusion was 1.7 mm (range 0–3). 3 Cases (0.70%) of non-consolidation requiring reoperation were recorded. 1 Case (0.24%) of these cases was also characterized by nail breakage. No case of cut-out has been reported at our follow-up.

Conclusions
This dual telescoping nail system is effective and safe. The sliding of the telescoping screws within the barrel is able to decrease strain from the femoral head during weight bearing reducing the risk of cut-out.
The effects of gaze-display feedback on medical students’ self-monitoring and learning in radiology
Authors: Kok Ellen M. , Niehorster Diederick C. , van der Gijp Anouk , Rutgers Dirk R. , Auffermann William F. , van der Schaaf Marieke , Kester Liesbeth , van Gog Tamara 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelf-monitoring is essential for effectively regulating learning, but difficult in visual diagnostic tasks such as radiograph interpretation. Eye-tracking technology can visualize viewing behavior in gaze displays, thereby providing information about visual search and decision-making. We hypothesized that individually adaptive gaze-display feedback improves posttest performance and self-monitoring of medical students who learn to detect nodules in radiographs. We investigated the effects of: (1) Search displays, showing which part of the image was searched by the participant; and (2) Decision displays, showing which parts of the image received prolonged attention in 78 medical students. After a pretest and instruction, participants practiced identifying nodules in 16 cases under search-display, decision-display, or no feedback conditions (n = 26 per condition). A 10-case posttest, without feedback, was administered to assess learning outcomes. After each case, participants provided self-monitoring and confidence judgments. Afterward, participants reported on self-efficacy, perceived competence, feedback use, and perceived usefulness of the feedback. Bayesian analyses showed no benefits of gaze displays for post-test performance, monitoring accuracy (absolute difference between participants’ estimated and their actual test performance), completeness of viewing behavior, self-efficacy, and perceived competence. Participants receiving search-displays reported greater feedback utilization than participants receiving decision-displays, and also found the feedback more useful when the gaze data displayed was precise and accurate. As the completeness of search was not related to posttest performance, search displays might not have been sufficiently informative to improve self-monitoring. Information from decision displays was rarely used to inform self-monitoring. Further research should address if and when gaze displays can support learning.
On the computational complexity of ethics: moral tractability for minds and machines
Authors: Stenseke Jakob 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhy should moral philosophers, moral psychologists, and machine ethicists care about computational complexity? Debates on whether artificial intelligence (AI) can or should be used to solve problems in ethical domains have mainly been driven by what AI can or cannot do in terms of human capacities. In this paper, we tackle the problem from the other end by exploring what kind of moral machines are possible based on what computational systems can or cannot do. To do so, we analyze normative ethics through the lens of computational complexity. First, we introduce computational complexity for the uninitiated reader and discuss how the complexity of ethical problems can be framed within Marr’s three levels of analysis. We then study a range of ethical problems based on consequentialism, deontology, and virtue ethics, with the aim of elucidating the complexity associated with the problems themselves (e.g., due to combinatorics, uncertainty, strategic dynamics), the computational methods employed (e.g., probability, logic, learning), and the available resources (e.g., time, knowledge, learning). The results indicate that most problems the normative frameworks pose lead to tractability issues in every category analyzed. Our investigation also provides several insights about the computational nature of normative ethics, including the differences between rule- and outcome-based moral strategies, and the implementation-variance with regard to moral resources. We then discuss the consequences complexity results have for the prospect of moral machines in virtue of the trade-off between optimality and efficiency. Finally, we elucidate how computational complexity can be used to inform both philosophical and cognitive-psychological research on human morality by advancing the moral tractability thesis.