bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Summer camps for juveniles with rheumatic disease: Do they make a difference?
Authors: Stefl Mary E. , Shear Edith S. , Levinson Joseph E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSummer camps for juveniles with rheumatic disease are being offered increasingly as components of comprehensive treatment approaches, but the therapeutic value of these sessions is largely undetermined. This study attempted to judge the impact of a summer camping experience on two aspects of participants' psychosocial functioning, self‐concept, and locus of control. Both of these constructs have been related to effective disease management. On both measures, the mean scores of 36 campers improved significantly following a week‐long camp session, and these positive effects were maintained over a 6‐month follow‐up period. Campers who had attended previous camping sessions appeared to obtain maximal benefit, and male campers with rheumatic disease were identified as needing special attention. The study's limitations are discussed, and future research directions are outlined.
An introduction to rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Zvaifler Nathan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo understand the many forms of treatment available for patients with rheumatoid arthritis and the variable responses to these therapies, one must appreciate the complexity of this disease, the role played by immune mechanisms in its initiation and perpetuation, and its natural history, including factors that may predict a good or bad outcome. This introduction to rheumatoid arthritis will focus briefly on each of these areas.
Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Weinblatt Michael E. , Maier Agnes Lee 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe management of the rheumatoid patient involves the considered use of pharmacologic agents as therapies to induce symptomatic relief and to reduce disease activity. Aspirin and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are used initially to lessen the degree of pain and swelling associated with the inflammatory disease process. The aggressive institution of second‐line therapy, previously known as disease‐modifying antiinflammatory rheumatic drugs, is advocated to modify the disease course itself. These second‐line treatments include antimalarials, gold salts, methotrexate, d‐penicillamine, and azathioprine. Randomized placebo controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of these compounds in this illness. Improvement in standard parameters of disease activity (number of painful and swollen joints, duration of morning stiffness, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) can be related to the therapeutic value of second‐line agents. Whether they modify radiographic progression is under rigorous study. Newer therapies under research investigation include sulfasalazine, cyclosporin A, and combination therapy.
Assessment of protein‐energy malnutrition in children and adolescents with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Henderson Carol J. , Lovell Daniel J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of protein‐energy malnutrition (PEM) in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) patients referred to a dietitian was compared with PEM in a nonreferred JRA population. One pediatric dietitian evaluated all 28 patients using a standardized, 11‐parameter comprehensive nutritional assessment profile. Thirty‐six percent (10) were found to have PEM (≥6 of 11 parameters abnormal as defined for this study), 36% (10) had no abnormal parameters, and 28% (8) had one‐five abnormal parameters. Seventy percent (7 of 10) of the patients referred to a dietitian had PEM: 17% (3 of 18) of the nonreferred JRA patients had PEM. PEM was found in all onset types of JRA. In the ten patients with PEM, 80% had weight <5th percentile, 30% had heights <5th percentile, 50% had subnormal visceral proteins, 90% had subnormal somatic proteins, and none showed depletion of subcutaneous fat reserves. The high prevalence of PEM supports the need for greater involvement of pediatric dietitians in the evaluation and treatment of JRA patients.
Coping with arthritis pain. A review of the literature
Authors: Buckelew Susan P. , Parker Jerry C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPain associated with arthritis is the primary reason patients with arthritis seek medical attention. The complex and multidimensional nature of pain among arthritis patients is examined. Self‐reports of pain, the impact of pain, cognitive factors associated with pain, and the treatment of arthritis pain are reviewed. Psychosocial pain management programs emphasizing improved coping appear to be important as an adjunct to medical treatment. Implications for future research are discussed.
Biomechanical analysis of selected principles of hip joint protection
Authors: Neumann Donald A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review article discusses the role of the hip abductor muscles in the generation of forces at the hip joint. The biomechanical rationale behind selected clinical principles of hip joint protection for the patient with hip osteoarthritis is discussed. These principles are based primarily on the benefit of reducing the magnitude of hip abductor muscle forces during walking. The specific hip joint protection principles that are analyzed are loss of body weight, walking with an antalgic limp, the use of a cane, proper methods of load carriage, and the reasons for certain orthopedic surgeries. The reduction of these myogenic hip joint forces for the patient with a painful hip and/or hip with arthritis should be considered an important component of the clinical management of the hip.
Aberrant differentiation of the axially condensed tail bud mesenchyme in human embryos with lumbosacral myeloschisis
Authors: Saitsu Hirotomo , Yamada Shigehito , Uwabe Chigako , Ishibashi Makoto , Shiota Kohei 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDevelopment of the posterior neural tube (PNT) in human embryos is a complicated process that involves both primary and secondary neurulation. Recently, we histologically examined 20 human embryos around the stage of posterior neuropore closure and found that the axially condensed mesenchyme (AM) intervened between the neural plate/tube and the notochord in the junctional region of the primary and secondary neural tubes. The AM appeared to be incorporated into the most ventral part of the primary neural tube, and no cavity was observed in the AM. In this study, we report three cases of human embryos with myeloschisis in which the open primary neural tube and the closed secondary neural tube overlap dorsoventrally. In all three cases, part of the closed neural tube was located ventrally to the open neural tube in the lumbosacral region. The open and closed neural tubes appeared to be part of the primary and the AM‐derived secondary neural tubes, respectively. Thus, these findings suggest that, in those embryos with myeloschisis, the AM may not be incorporated into the ventral part of the primary neural tube but aberrantly differentiate into the secondary neural tube containing cavities, leading to dorsoventral overlapping of the primary and secondary neural tubes. The aberrant differentiation of the AM in embryos with lumbosacral myeloschisis suggests that the AM plays some roles in normal as well as abnormal development of the human posterior neural tube. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional procrustes analysis of modern human craniofacial form
Authors: Badawi‐Fayad Jackie , Cabanis Emmanuel‐Alain 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to analyze modern human craniofacial form using 3D Procrustes superimposition in order to establish a reference model and validate it on computed tomography (CT). The sample consists of 136 specimens from five modern human regional groups. Thirty‐three craniofacial landmark coordinates have been recorded using a Microscribe and calculated on CT scans for five crania from the sample. Procrustes superimposition has been performed to calculate the mean shape, and a discriminant analysis has also been carried out to estimate the variability of shape. The results show that the repeatability of measurements made on CT and on Microscribe is excellent (R = 0.99). There is no major distinctiveness in the craniofacial shape; however, discriminant function 1 separates out the European crania from the others, especially African and American. It includes the width and the length of the face, the flatness of the upper face, the prognathism of the maxilla, as well as the length and the inclination of the palate. The width of the maxilla and the palate do not show a great variability. This may be the common invariant feature responsible for the alignment of the teeth in all specimens. It may correspond to functional patterns related to masticatory constraints manifested by the important interproximal and occlusal dental wear in all specimens. This study confirms the high accuracy of measurements made on CT scan and the importance of geometric morphometrics, which provides an accurate characterization of the overall craniofacial shape and its variation within the entire population. Anat Rec 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structure and chemical organization of the accessory olfactory bulb in the goat
Authors: Mogi Kazutaka , Sakurai Katsuyasu , Ichimaru Toru , Ohkura Satoshi , Mori Yuji , Okamura Hiroaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe structure and chemical composition of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) were examined in male and female goats. Sections were subjected to either Nissl staining, Klüver‐Barrera staining, lectin histochemistry, or immunohistochemistry for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), neuropeptide Y (NPY), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β‐hydroxylase (DBH), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). The goat AOB was divided into four layers: the vomeronasal nerve layer (VNL), glomerular layer (GL), mitral/tufted (M/T) cell layer (MTL), and granule cell layer (GRL). Quantitative and morphometric analyses indicated that a single AOB contained 5,000–8,000 putative M/T cells with no sex differences, whereas the AOB was slightly larger in males. Of the 21 lectins examined, 7 specifically bound to the VNL and GL, and 1 bound not only to the VNL, but also to the MTL and GRL. In either of these cases, no heterogeneity of lectin staining was observed in the rostrocaudal direction. NOS‐, TH‐, DBH‐, and GAD‐immunoreactivity (ir) were observed in the MTL and GRL, whereas NPY‐ir was present only in the GRL. In the GL, periglomerular cells with GAD‐ir were found in abundance, and a subset of periglomerular cells containing TH‐ir was also found. Double‐labeling immunohistochemistry revealed that virtually all periglomerular cells containing TH‐ir were colocalized with GAD‐ir. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The American Rheumatism Association‐its origins, development and maturity
Authors: Stecher Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn interesting and accurate history of the American Rheumatism Association has been prepared or the first time by one of its former Presidents who also has served as President of the Ligue Internationale Contre Le Rhumatisme. The author has personal knowledge of the important milestones in the development of the organization and has painstakingly collected significant documents and memorabilia. Chronologic events and personalities relating to the conception, growth, activities and affiliations of the Association are described.Un interessante e accurate historia del Association American Contra le Rheumatismo—le prime tal—preparate per un del ex‐presidentes del association qui etiam serviva como presidente del Liga International Contra le Rheumatismo. Le autor es personalmente familiar con le importante etappes in le disveloppamento del organisation e ha meticulosemente colligite documentos e memorabilia de signification. Es describite chronologicamente le evenimentos e personalitates associate con le inception, crescentia, activitates, e affiliationes de nostre organisation.
Rehabilitation of the Rheumatoid cripple: A five year study
Authors: Lowman Edward W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA follow‐up report of the results of intensive rehabilitation procedures applied to selected patients with advanced rheumatoid arthritis over a five year period stresses the fact that the problem is complex but not insoluble. The multiple factors relating to the cause and amelioration of rheumatoid disability are cited.Iste reporto del resultatos de un intense programma de rehabilitation usate con un gruppo seligite de patientes con avantiate arthritis rheumatoide durante un periodo de cinque annos sublinea le facto que le problema es complexe sed non irresolubile. Le multiple factores relationate al causa e al amelioration de invaliditate rheumatoide es citate.
Natural history of degenerative joint disease in small laboratory animals. 5. Osteoarthritis in guinea pigs
Authors: Silverstein Emanuel , Sokoloff Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe naturally occurring osteoarthritis of guinea pigs is described. Osteophyte formation was observed both in the presence and absence of erosion of the articular cortex. Weight bearing was not considered the sole cause of the degenerative changes observed in guinea pig joints.Es describite le occurrentia natural de osteoarthritis in porcos de India. Formationes osteophytic esseva observate in le presentia e in le absentia de erosion del cortice articular. Le carga del peso supportate non esseva considerate como le causa unic del alterationes degeneratori observate in articulationes de porcos de India.
Further experiences with Δ1, 9 alpha fluoro, 16 alpha hydroxyhydrocortisone (triamcinolone) in treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Freyberg R. H. , Berntsen Carl A. , Hellman Leon 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCumulative observations concerning the use of triamcinolone in 74 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in 15 with related rheumatic syndromes are reported. Anti‐inflammatory properties of this steroid were confirmed. Although disturbances in electrolyte metabolism were not observed, the usual undesirable effects resulting from the administration of glucocorticoids were noted.Es reportate observationes cumulative in re le uso de triamcinolona in 74 patientes con arthritis rheumatoide e in 15 patientes con syndromes rheumatic affin. Le qualitate anti‐inflammatori de iste steroide esseva confirmate. Ben que disturbationes in le metabolismo electrolytic non esseva observate, le usual effectos adverse que resulta del administration de glucocorticoides esseva observate.
Clinical studies of seven patients with rheumatoid arthritis and uniquely large amounts of rheumatoid factor
Authors: Franklin E. C. , Kunkel H. G. , Ward J. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLarge amounts of the rheumatoid factor were found in the serum of patients with far advanced, active rheumatoid disease, many of whom had “Felty's syndrome,” and all of whom had subcutaneous nodules. A large part of the associated elevated gamma globulin was due to the abnormal 22 S rather than the 7 S component found in other diseases. Whether this 22 S component is but another manifestation of the disease or plays an active role in pathogenesis of various complications is not known at present.
Observations concerning the reactivity of normal and rheumatoid gamma globulins in rheumatoid serologic reactions
Authors: Mannik Mart , Brine Katherine L. , Clark William S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSamples of gamma globulin (F II) derived from sera of rheumatoid and non‐rheumatoid subjects behaved in a similar fashion either as a sensitizing agent or inhibitor in five separate tests for rheumatoid factor. Rheumatoid agglutinator and its gamma globulin reactant, or a precursor thereof, were found to coexist in all rheumatoid patients studied. The previous observation that gamma globulin has increased affinity for rheumatoid factor after heating to 63d̀ C. for 10 minutes was confirmed.
Rheumatoid arthritis and Still's disease in children a survey of 161 cases
Authors: Edström Gunnar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis review of the clinical characteristics and prognoses of 161 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis observed during a 20 year period indicates low incidence of severe systemic involvement and a more favorable prognosis for the disease, in general, than is usually assumed. Conservative therapy, with emphasis on bed rest, was found satisfactory although hormone therapy apparently improved the prognosis of patients with visceral lesions.
The microscopic structure of normal human synovial tissue
Authors: Castor C. William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicroscopic study of normal synovial tissue from 16 humans of varying age disclosed an architectural pattern which did not vary significantly with age, sex or intra‐articular location. Except for fibrous synovium, the tissue samples were similar in vascularity, number of surface cell layers and in the differential composition of the surface cells. Histochemical procedures delineated a pericellular surface reticulin network but failed to establish the locus of hyaluronic acid synthesis.
The absorption of serum albumin and gamma globulin from the knee joint of man and rabbit
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P. , Maclachlan Margaret J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies of the rate of clearance of radioactivity from the knee joints of human subjects free of joint disease and of normal rabbits following the intra‐articular injection of I131‐serum proteins indicate that the synovial cavity is readily and equally permeable to both serum albumin and gamma globulin.
Recurrent attacks in Reiter's disease
Authors: Csonka G. W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecurrent attacks play an important part in the course of Reiter's disease, but little is known of their incidence. The average risk of a recurrence is estimated in this long‐term prospective study. Recurrences occurred in over half of the patients. The risk of a first recurrence remained fairly uniform and substantial throughout the observation period. The incidence of urethral infections during the period following the initial attack and especially its relationship to recurrent attacks of Reiter's disease have also been investigated.
Large cysts in lower leg originating in the knee occurring in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Harvey J. Paul , Corcos Josue 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour patients are presented with rheumatoid arthritis who have had long term steroid therapy with unusual cysts in the posterior aspect of the lower portion of the leg connected with the joint cavity. The diagnosis may be confused with thrombophlebitis of the leg veins. Arthrograms clarify the diagnosis. The mechanism formation of these cysts is unclear, but may be due partly to weakening of the connective tissue by prolonged steroid therapy. The cysts disappear and recur with remission and exacerbation of the rheumatoid process. Surgical excision of the cysts relieves the discomfort but recurrence is frequent.
Cervical vertebral erosions and subluxations in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis
Authors: Martel William , Page Jesse W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAtlanto‐axial and lower cervical subluxations are frequently present in rhematoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Vertebral erosions, particularly of the odontoid process, can often be demonstrated. Rheumatoid involvement of the occipito‐atlanto‐axial joints may cause a vertical translation of the cervical spine with respect to the skull; at times, this is associated with true basilar invagination.
A Gallery of Gout: Being a Miscellany of Prints and Caricatures from the 16th Century to the Present Day
Authors: Rodnan Gerald P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prominence of the gout in the annals of medical art and pictorial satire may be looked upon as an interesting by‐product of the centuries old association of the disease with overindulgence in food and drink, in venery, and the “like exhausting passions” of a life of unregulated, oft ill‐gotten luxury.
Transfusion studies in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Harris Jean , Vaughan John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of transfusion studies has been performed, in which either plasma or plasma together with peripheral leukocytes has been transfused from patients with rheumatoid arthritis into non‐rheu‐matoid recipients. The donors of the plasma and leukocytes all had very high levels of rheumatoid agglutinating activity. There was no indication in these studies that transfusion of the rheumatoid factor complex has had ability to produce disease in the recipients; at least under the conditions of these experiments. In a two to three year follow‐up after these transfusions, there was still no evidence of development of disease in the recipients.
Studies of alcaptonuria : Mechanisms of swelling of homogentisic acid‐collagen preparations
Authors: Milch Robert Austin , Murray Richard A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of solutions of homogentisic acid and its analogues on hide powder collagen preparations have been studied by a volumetric technique. The data indicate that unoxidized homogentisic acid (HGA) reacts reversibly with collagen by pH‐dependent electrovalent forces. Autoxidized, polymerized homogentisic acid solutions (HGA‐OP), on the other hand, form irreversible linkages to collagen which are quite independent of pH. These are primarily of the coordinate, nonionic type and result in crosslinking of adjacent collagen polypeptide chains with increased stability of the collagen lattice (tannage).
Some psychosocial factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Mueller Alfred D. , Lefkovits Aaron M. , Bryant John E. , Marshall Max L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReaction to stress and stress tolerance resulting from diverse social and economic factors are evaluated by means of various psychologic tests in a group of rheumatoid arthritis and in a control group of nonrheumatoid arthritis patients. The arthritics show a greater incidence of psychophysiologic reaction than the controls. They show greater evidence of contained hostility, presumably because they are unable or unwilling to express feelings of dissatisfaction toward many stressful aspects of their environment. They are also unable to admit to themselves and to others their negative feelings toward their lot in life.
The kidney in rheumatoid arthritis: Studies by renal biopsy
Authors: Pollak Victor E. , Pirani Conrad L. , Steck Irving E. , Kark Robert M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRenal biospsies and renal function tests were done on 41 rheumatoid arthritis patients. Histologically, vascular disease was found in 14, amyloidosis in 4, and lupus nephritis in 2. The kidney was' normal in 21. “Rheumatoid” glomerulitis was not found in any biopsy, but occurred in 6 of 16 autopsies. The significance of these results is discussed with particular reference to the effect of gold salts on the kidney and the interrelationships of cortisone treatment and amyloidosis.
A critical evaluation of the diagnostic features of the feet in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Calabro John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinical and x‐ray manifestations of rheumatoid feet are presented in the hope of shedding light in an often neglected area. A typical patient presentation, accompanied by schematic, photographic, and radiographic illustrations, leads to a discussion of the many and varied rheumatoid foot features in the light of other causes and the possible mechanisms responsible for these changes. Stressed is the concept that no single feature renders a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, but the presence of several features together may assist in the differential diagnosis of arthritis.