bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Red‐Cell Life Span in the Acute Rat Leukaemia L 5222
Authors: Harriss Eileen B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The life span of red cells produced under leukaemic conditions has been measured in the experimental rat leukaemia, L 5222. Red cells in leukaemic donors were labelled by injection of 59Fe and their survival studied over a period of 11 weeks after transfusion to normal recipients. No difference in potential life span or random destruction could be detected from similarly treated red cells from normal 59Fe‐injected donors. It is concluded that the red cells produced during this leukaemia have no intrinsic defect.
Transferrin and Iron Uptake by Rabbit Bone Marrow Cells in Vitro
Authors: Kailis S. G. , Morgan E. H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The interaction between rabbit transferrin and rabbit bone marrow cells and reticulocytes was investigated using transferrin labelled with 125I and 59Fe. The pattern of transferrin and iron uptake by bone marrow was found to be similar to that by reticulocytes and occurred in four stages, viz (1) adsorption of transferrin, (2) progressive uptake of transferrin, (3) release of the iron to the cell, (4) release of transferrin from the cell.Total transferrin uptake per bone marrow erythroid precursor cell was eight times that per reticulocyte, while the rate of iron uptake was at least twice as great with marrow cells. Transferrin uptake and release and iron uptake were temperature dependent. Transferrin and iron uptake were inhibited by metabolic inhbitors, particularly those affecting oxidative metabolism. The activation energies for the association and dissociation reaction of transferrin and the activation energy for iron uptake by bone marrow cells were higher than those reported for reticulocytes. A further difference between the two cell types was that at a constant iron concentration, iron uptake by bone marrow cells decreased with decreasing degrees of transferrin saturation with iron. Small increases in transferrin uptake by bone marrow cells were also obtained with increasing transferrin saturation. The data support the view that both iron and transferrin uptake are dependent upon cellular metabolism.
The Radioimmunoassay of Serum and Salivary Blood Group A and LeaGlycoproteins
Authors: Houlburn A. M. , Masters Carole A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A radioimmunoassay was developed for the detection of A and Leablood group activities in glycoprotein fractions extracted with perchloric acid (PCA) from normal serum. The technique was also applied to studies of salivary blood group glycoproteins.Blood group A activity was detected in all group A sera tested. Higher levels of A activity were found in sera from group A1than from A2donors, and sera from both group A1and A2secretor donors gave higher levels of A activity than sera from non‐secretor donors. No difference was found in the levels of A activity in group A1and A2secretor salivas but only small numbers were assayed. Parallel radioinimunoassay inhibition lines, indicating immunological identity, were obtained with PCA‐extracts of A1and A2secretor plasma and with extracts of A1and A2secretor salivas.Leaactivity was detected in all sera tested. The levels of Leaactivity were higher in sera from Le(a + b ‐) donors than from h(a ‐ b +) or Le(a ‐ b ‐) donors and were unaffected by ABO group. Radioimmunoassay inhibition lines indicated qualitative differences in the Leaantigen in salivas from secretors and non‐secretors, consistent with a lower density of Leaantigen on salivary glycoprotein from secretor donors.
The Synthesis of Globin Peptide Chains in Sickle‐Cell Disease
Authors: Sarup B. M. , White J. M. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The relative rates of synthesis of the globin chains (α, βs and γ) have been measured in vitro in the reticulocytes of eight patients homozygous for Hb S. The results indicate that the synthesis of the βs chain and its association with α chains are normal in the majority of homozygous patients. In two patients an excess synthesis of α chains was detected. The cause for this has not been determined, but it appears to be a transient phenomenon.The explanation is discussed for the normal synthesis of the βs globin in home zygotes and the fact that in sickle heterozygotes the specific activities of α‐ and β‐chains have usually been unity, i.e. that they are being produced at the same rate as they appear in the peripheral blood is discussed.
Transferrin Iron, Chelatable Iron and Ferritin in Idiopathic Haemochromatosis
Authors: Beamish M. R. , Walker R. , Miller F. , Worwood M. , Jacobs A. , Williams R. , Corrigall A. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. In 12 patients with idiopathic haemochromatosis and varying degrees of iron overload the serum ferritin concentration was related to the amount of iron mobilized by venesection. There was no correlation between iron load and chelatable iron. In 25 patients with normal iron stores following venesection therapy, both transferrin iron and chelatable iron was pathologically increased.The initial stages of iron accumulation in idiopathic haemochromatosis are characterized by an imbalance between chelatable iron and ferritin, a phenomenon that could explain the pathogenesis of the disease.
Immunological Rebound after Cessation of Long‐term Chemotherapy in Acute Lymphocytic Leukaemia: Changes in Distribution of T and B Cell Populations in Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood
Authors: Sen Luisa , Borella Luis 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The aim of this study was to compare the kinetics of recovery of B (thymus‐independent) and T (thymus‐dependent) cells in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of children with acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) after long‐term immunosupprcssive therapy. B‐cells were identified by the presence of immuno‐globulins on their surface and T‐cells by spontaneous rosette formation with sheep crythrocytes. In peripheral blood of children who had been in remission for more than 3 yr, the percentage of B‐lymphocytes bearing detectable IgM and IgG increased from 2–4 mth after therapy was stopped, while the percentage of T‐lymphocytes decreased. In bone marrow the number of B‐lymphocytes bearing IgM was higher in the first month after therapy than in the following months. This early increase preceded the rise of IgM‐ and IgG‐lymphocytes in peripheral blood. The proportion of T‐lymphocytes in bone marrow was significantly lower than in peripheral blood and did not change throughout the recovery phase. No differences in the rebound of peripheral blood B‐cells were demonstrated between three children who had relapsed and those who remained in remission.These data demonstrate that after long‐term chemotherapy, bone marrow and peripheral blood lymphocytes bearing B‐ and T‐cell surface markers recover with different kinetics. These results suggest that bone in arrow IgM‐lymphocytes may be the precursors of circulating lymphocytes bearing IgM and IgG in man.
Partial Myeloperoxidase Deficiency in a Case of Preleukaemia
Authors: Breton‐Gorius J. , Houssay D. , Dreyfus B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The ultrastructural localization of peroxidase activity has been studied in the circulating neutrophils and in a neutrophilic series of bone marrow cells from a patient with preleukaemia.Light microscopic examination showed 36% of the polymorphonuclear leucocytes to be totally devoid of myeloperoxidase, while 50% were normally stained and 14% were slightly positive for this enzyme.Electron microscopic studies revealed considerable heterogeneity in the promye‐locyte population, since the number of peroxidase‐deficient azurophil granules was seen to vary from o to 100% in these cells. Thus, several types of promyelocytes were identified. One cell type, which resembled that seen in normal subjects, contained myeloperoxidase within its azurophil granules and also within the cisternae of the rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex. A second type of pro‐myelocyte, which was at an early stage of development, lacked myeloperoxidase in its secretory apparatus. These cells contained two species of azurophil granules, the first of which was devoid of peroxidase activity whereas the other reacted positively.These observations suggest that the premature arrest of myeloperoxidase synthesis in the promyelocytes from a preleukaemic patient may give rise to several populations of circulating neutrophils which can exhibit varying contents of myeloperoxidase.
Distribution of Fibrinogen, and Platelet Factors 4 and XIII in Subcellular Fractions of Human Platelets
Authors: Broekman M. Johan , Handin Robert I. , Cohen Phin 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The distribution of fibrinogen, platelet factor 4 (heparin‐neutralizing factor) and factor XIII amongst subcellular fractions of human platelets was determined. It was found that fibrinogen and platelet factor 4 peaked sharply in the region of the density gradient previously shown to be heavily enriched with α‐granules. By contrast, factor XIII, fibrin‐stabilizing factor, was found exclusively in the supernatant.
Lack of Correlation of Lymphoblast Cell Size with Presence of T‐Cell Markers or with Outcome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
Authors: Murphy Sharon B. , Borella Luis , Sen Luisa , Mauer Alvin 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The proportion of pretreatment bone marrow macrolymphoblasts was determined in a total of 93 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in order to assess the validity of cell size as a prognostic indicator. A macrolymphoblast (MLb) was defined as having a diameter greater than 12 μm, and patient samples were divided simply on the basis of whether they had more or less than 10% MLb present at diagnosis. In a retrospective study of a sample of 47 children treated according to Total Therapy Study VII, the continuous complete remission duration, survival and incidence of CNS disease bore no relationship to the cell size distribution present at diagnosis. A second sample of 46 current patients with untreated ALL was examined both for the presence of surface markers for T‐ and B‐cells and for cell size. Bone marrow blasts from 10 of these 46 children formed rosettes with sheep erythrocytes (E)—a T‐cell marker. E‐rosette formation was associated with a constellation of adverse prognostic factors, including older age, very high initial WBC counts, organomegaly, and mediastinal enlargement; yet the presence of this T‐cell marker was unrelated to cell size. We conclude that pretreatment lymphoblast cell size is not a reliable prognostic indicator in childhood ALL.
Ultrastructural Studies of the Bone Marrow in Sickle Cell Anaemia
Authors: Grasso J. A. , Sullivan A. L. , Sullivan L. W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Marrow aspirates from sickle cell patients were examined without prior deoxygenation and revealed the presence of a variable proportion (10–30%) of sickled red cells and reticulocytes. The main feature of sickled red cells was the presence of 17.6 nm fibres arranged in hexagonal order, and to a lesser extent in square or rectangular array, to form bundles of varying size and compactness which occupied the entire cytoplasm. The sickling pattern in reticulocytes was more variable. Some reticulocytes contained highly‐ordered bundles of 17.6 nm fibres whose structure and distribution was identical to that in red cells from which they could be distinguished only by their content of organelles. Many reticulocytes exhibited less‐organized fibre patterns ranging from localized aggregates to poorly‐ordered regions of short fibres and filaments lacking apparent preferential orientation. In these cells, the bulk of the cytoplasm was not polymerized. Haemoglobin polymerization in reticulocytes led to entrapment of ribosomes in concentrated foci among the fibres. Frequently, iron‐laden mitochondria were associated with sickled reticulocytes. The variation in pattern of sickling seen in reticulocytes is attributed to possible differences in concentration of Hb S. Correlative studies have shown that fibres were not induced by fixation procedures. Marked phagocytic degradation of sickled cells by macrophages was observed. The results are interpreted to indicate the possible intramedullary phagocytosis of red cells and reticulocytes, predisposed to sickling in the marrow. However, the data are also consistent with the removal of sickled elements from the circulating blood.
Brain Iron: Persistent Deficiency following Short‐term Iron Deprivation in the Young Rat
Authors: Dallman P. R. , Siimes M. A. , Manies E. C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.This study was designed to determine the content of non‐haem iron in the brain as iron deficiency develops in the rapidly growing rat. Rats were provided with either an iron‐deficient diet or an identical control diet with added ferrous sulphate starting at 10 d of age and continuing after weaning at 21 d. At 28 or 48 d of age the deficient animals received 5 mg of iron (iron dextran) i.m. and were placed on the control diet regimen. The deficient animals had a concentration of non‐haem iron in the brain that was 27% below the control value at 28 d and 22% below at 48 d. After 14–45 d of iron treatment, the non‐haem iron remained depressed, 19–29% below the control means (P<0.05 to 0.001). Ferritin iron in brain also remained depressed, 33–42% below the control means (P<0.01). In contrast, haematocrit, liver non‐haem iron, and liver ferritin iron, although they were more profoundly depressed in the iron‐deficient animals, promptly returned to control values after treatment with iron. Thus, a brief period of severe iron deficiency in the young rat resulted in a deficit of brain iron that persisted in the adult animal despite an adequate intake of iron.
Functional and Metabolic Studies of Platelets from Patients with Lesch‐Nyhan Syndrome
Authors: Rivard Georges E. , Izadi Parvin , Lazerson Jack , McLaren John D. , Parker Charles , Fish Charles H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.Platelet function was investigated in three patients with the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome. Platelet count, morphology and size distribution was normal in all patients. Platelet turnover was normal. Electron microscopy did not reveal any ultrastructural abnormality. Template bleeding times were normal and prolonged after aspirin ingestion in two out of the three patients: the patient that failed to respond to the aspirin challenge also had decreased retention of platelets on a glass bead column.Biochemical studies revealed that total platelet ATP was reduced by 34% in the presence of a normal level of ADP in the storage pool. These platelets failed to incorporate radioactive hypoxanthine but did incorporate radioactive adenine to produce adenine nucleotides and a trace amount of guanine nucleotides.The results indicate that normal platelets have a functionally intact pathway for utilizing hypoxanthine as a source of preformed purine, and that the failure to salvage this purine, as in the Lesch‐Nyhan syndrome, results in a decreased level of total platelet ATP. These findings suggest that platelets can function normally despite a one third reduction in total ATP content.
The Anti‐Folate Effect of Methionine on Bone Marrow of Normal and Vitamin B12 Deficient Rats
Authors: Cheng F. W. , Shane B. , Stokstad E. L. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The effects of dietary vitamin B12 and methionine deficiency, and the in vitro addition of methionine, homocysteine, or folic acid on the methylation of dUMP to dTMP were studied in rat bone marrow culture. Vitamin B12 or methionine deficiency had no effect on the methylation reaction or on bone marrow folate levels although the vitamin B12 content in bone marrow was reduced in vitamin B12 deficiency. In vitro addition of vitamin B12 or folic acid also had no effect on the methylation of dUMP. In vitro addition of methionine reduced the methylation of dUMP and increased the proportion of 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate at the expense of other folate coenzymes. The reason for this‘anti‐folate’effect of methionine, which is the opposite to that found in liver, was not clear. The presence of 5,10‐methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate‐homocysteine methyltransferase were confirmed in rat bone marrow and they were inhibited by S‐adenosylmethionine and methionine, respectively, in a similar fashion to that found with the liver enzymes. Homocysteine had no effect on the proportions of the various folate coenzymes in bone marrow but did inhibit the incorporation of deoxyuridine and deoxythymidine into DNA. It appeared that homocysteine exerted its effect at a non‐folate dependent step beyond the formation of dTMP.
Stimulation of Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase Activity by Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) in Malaysian Adults and Newborns and their Parents
Authors: Eng Lie‐Injo Luan , Ng T. , Wan Wong Pui , Ganesan J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.A study of glutathione reductase (GR) activity and its stimulation by flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in erythrocytes of Malaysian newborns and adults of different racial groups showed that GR stimulation by FAD was greater than 20% in 50% of 866 newborns (57% of Malays, 55% of Indians and 41% of Chinese) and 54% of 274 adults (46% of Malays, 65% of Indians and 45% of Chinese). There was a significant negative correlation between GR activity and percentage FAD stimulation in both newborns and adults in all racial groups. Low GR activity and a high percentage FAD stimulation were more prevalent among parents of newborns with low GR activity than among parents of newborns with higher GR activity. Administration of riboflavin to mothers with low GR activity resulted in increased GR activity and a decreased percentage of FAD stimulation. None of the individuals examined had clear clinical manifestations of riboflavin deficiency. It is concluded that subclinical riboflavin deficiency leading to low GR activity is prevalent in Malaysia among adults and newborns, especially among Malays and Indians.
The Detection of Intracellular Antigens in Human Leucocytes by Immunoperoxidase Staining
Authors: Mason D. Y. , Farrell Caroline , Taylor C. R. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.An immunoperoxidase procedure is described for staining intracellular leucocyte antigens in peripheral blood and bone marrow smears. Brief exposure of cell smears to a buffered formol acetone mixture was found to give optimal fixation, combining good cellular morphology with preservation of antigenic reactivity. The immunoperoxidase method is superior to immunofluorescence in that it provides a permanent preparation which can be counterstained with orthodox reagents and viewed by conventional light microscopy. In addition the technique is considerably more sensitive than immunofluorescence procedures.Immunoglobulin was demonstrated in plasma cells, Türk cells and a minority of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Lysozyme was found in cells of the neutrophil series from promyelocytes to mature granulocytes. Monocytes stained for lysozyme but the reaction was less intense than in neutrophils and some monocytes were devoid of activity. Lactoferrin stained strongly in mature neutrophil polymorphs and metamyelocytes, but was weak or absent in earlier myeloid cells.These reaction patterns are in keeping with previous reports on the distribution of these antigens in human leucocytes. In the case of immunoglobulin and lysozyme it was possible to abolish leucocyte staining by incubation of the specific antisera with the appropriate purified antigen, providing additional proof of the specificity of the reactions. Anti‐ferritin antisera stained granulocytes and myeloid precursors strongly, and reacted weakly with a minority of monocytes. These latter observations are not entirely in accordance with published data on the leucocyte distribution of ferritin and may be attributed to antibody activity of unknown specificity in the anti‐ferritin antiserum.
Regeneration of Intact Spleen in a Heterotopic Site in Splenectomized Mice
Authors: Warner T. F. C. S. , Krueger R. G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The regeneration of intact spleens implanted in the sacrospinal areas of splenectomized mice was studied by light microscopy. The weight of the implanted tissue was not fully regenerated 50 days after implantation. The pattern of embryonic development of the spleen was investigated and the histologic appearance of the implant 46 days after implantation resembled that of normal spleen. The appearance of primitive myelopoietic stem cells in the early phases of regeneration makes this an attractive model in which to study the biologic effects of tumour viruses.
Red Cell 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate Levels in Children with Hereditary Haemolytic Anaemias
Authors: Haidas S. , Zannos‐Mariolea L. , Matsaniotis N. 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The role of red cell 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG) in increasing the availability of haemoglobin oxygen in neonatal jaundice and hereditary haemolytic anaemias was investigated. Measurements of 2,3‐DPG were carried out on 58 normal children and six normal adults, 18 full‐term newborns with neonatal jaundice and 57 cases (51 children and six adults) with hereditary haemolytic anaemias. In normal children and adults, with a mean haemoglobin of 12.69 g/dl, mean 2,3‐DPG was 14.90 μmol/g Hb. In jaundiced newborns with a mean haemoglobin of 16.04 g/dl mean 2,3‐DPG levels were 14.51 μmol/g Hb, i.e. normal. 2,3‐DPG levels were increased in patients with β‐thalassaemia major, α‐thalassaemia, sickle‐cell disease, favism, hereditary spherocytosis and in heterozygotes for β‐thalassaemia with increased haemoglobin F. In heterozygotes for β‐thalassaemia with increased haemoglobin A2 only and in sickle cell trait 2,3‐DPG levels were normal.
The Sézary Syndrome Lymphoid Cell: Abnormal Surface Properties and Mitogen Responsiveness
Authors: Braylan Raul , Variakojis Daina , Yachnin Stanley 
Published: March 2008

Summary.The peripheral blood lymphoid cells of five patients with Sézary syndrome (SS) were examined with respect to their surface membrane characteristics and their response to mitogens. These cells showed markedly defective mitogenic responses to a broad dose range of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen, concanavalin A, and a rabbit antihuman lymphocyte antiserum (ATS), when compared with normal human lymphocytes. SS lymphoid cells (three patients studied) also displayed diminished or nearly absent capacity to form rosettes with unsensitized sheep erythrocytes (E‐rosettes), and lacked surface immunoglobulin determinants. Despite their poor mitogenic response to ATS, they were as susceptible as normal lymphocytes to ATS‐induced, complement mediated cytotoxicity. By comparison with lymphocytes from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia, however, SS lymphoid cells showed decreased susceptibility to leukoagglutination by PHA. By way of contrast, three patients with mycosis fungoides having normal‐appearing peripheral blood lymphocytes showed normal lymphocyte responses to mitogens, as well as normal proportions of E‐rosette forming and surface immuno‐globulin‐bearing lymphocytes. These studies demonstrate that the SS lymphoid cell may, in some cases, lack surface properties and mitogen response characteristics of both B‐ and T‐lymphocytes.