bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nursing students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence and its relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy
Authors: El-Etreby Rania Rabie , Hamed Warda Elshahat , AbdElhay Eman Sameh , Kamel Nesma Ahmed 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding nursing students’ attitudes toward Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is pivotal because it may impact the care and support, they provide victims. This study aimed to explore nursing students’ attitudes toward intimate partner violence and its relationship with self-esteem and self-efficacy. A cross-sectional descriptive research design was used in the current study in the faculty of nursing at Mansoura University, Egypt. A total of 1322 nursing students participated in the study. Data were collected from April to June 2023 by using various tools: sociodemographic interviews and academic data profiles, the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (IPVAS)—Revised, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE) (Arabic version), and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: The findings show the distribution of the Intimate Partner Violence Attitude Scale (IPVAS), with 78.7% of nursing students disapproving of the abuse domain, 72.6% (approving of the violence domain) and 34.2% approving of the control domain. 65.8% had a moderate level of self-esteem, and 62.8% had a low level of self-efficacy. The study concluded that self-esteem and self-efficacy are significant in shaping attitudes toward intimate partner violence; higher levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy are associated with lower approval for intimate partner violence. Further research is needed to explore the factors that contribute to attitudes and levels of self-esteem and self-efficacy among nursing students. It would also be useful to study how education and training affect these attitudes.
Reasons for implementation success despite health system constraints: qualitative insights on ‘what worked’ for cotrimoxazole preventive therapy
Authors: Müller Pia , Mabasso Edna , Lapão Luís Velez , Sidat Mohsin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Although Cotrimoxazole preventive therapy (CPT) has shown to be highly efficacious in reducing morbidity and mortality among people living with Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) under ‘ideal world’ study conditions, operational challenges are limiting its effectiveness when implementing in countries most affected by the HIV epidemic. The fact that Mozambican authorities reported high coverage of CPT among patients with HIV, has led to this qualitative case study aimed at exploring possible factors responsible for the successful implementation of CPT in the Province of Maputo.

Methods
Between February and April 2019, we individually interviewed nine governmental stakeholders, including the person responsible for the HIV Program, the person responsible for the TB Program and the person responsible for Pharmaceutical management at three administrative levels (central, provincial and district level). Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically using MAXQDA Analytics Pro. Findings were translated from Portuguese into English.

Results
Five themes iteratively emerged: (a) Role of governance & leadership, (b) Pharmaceutical strategies, (c) Service delivery modifications, (d) Health care provider factors, and (e) Patients’ perspectives.
Interviews revealed that continuous supply of cotrimoxazole (CTZ) had been facilitated through multiple-source procurement and a push-pull strategy. One part of CTZ arrived in kits that were imported from overseas and distributed to public health facilities based on their number of outpatient consultations (push strategy). Another part of CTZ was locally produced and distributed as per health facility demand (pull strategy). Strong district level accountability also contributed to the public availability of CTZ. Interviewees praised models of differentiated care, the integrated HIV service delivery and drug delivery strategies for reducing long queues at the health facility, better accommodating patients’ needs and reducing their financial and organisational burden.

Conclusions
This study presents aspects that governmental experts believed to be key for the implementation of CPT in the Province of Maputo, Mozambique. Enhancing the implementation outcomes – drug availability and feasibility of the health facility-based service delivery – seemed crucial for the implementation progress. Reasons for the remarkable patient acceptability of CPT in our study setting should be further investigated.
Implementing routine paediatric height/length and weight screening and weight management advice by clinicians: an evaluation
Authors: Krstic Slavica , Dennis Sarah , Southcombe Faye , Denney-Wilson Elizabeth 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
To determine the views of health care professionals (HCPs) in South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) about the effectiveness of implementation strategies used to increase routine height/length and weight screening, advice, and referral for children and adolescents. A secondary aim was to explore the prevalence of weight bias among HCPs.

Methods
A questionnaire was sent to all HCPs who had undertaken online or face-to-face training between December 2018 and June 2020 in SWSLHD (n=840). The questionnaire collected data on their experience of routine height and weight screening and the effectiveness of strategies used in the implementation. It also included a weight bias assessment. Data were provided by the New South Wales (NSW) Ministry of Health on the performance of routine height/length and weight measures entered into the electronic medical records (eMR) in SWSLHD.

Results
Of the 840 questionnaires sent, 87 were undeliverable; of the remaining 753, 285 were returned (38% response rate). More than half (53%, 151/285) of the participants were nurses. Most HCPs agreed that there was a need for routine screening and reported that education, training, and access to resources were the most helpful implementation strategies. Most HCPs were confident in performing routine screening but were less confident in raising the issue of weight with children and their families. Barriers to implementation were lack of time, equipment, appropriate clinical setting, and HCPs’ perceptions and beliefs about obesity.

Conclusion
Routine screening is the first step in identifying children and adolescents at risk of overweight and obesity, but many HCP found it challenging to incorporate into daily practice. Multifaceted strategies are effective in increasing routine screening across diverse healthcare settings so that children and adolescents receive timely and appropriate intervention.
Acceptance and expectations of healthcare workers and community during the COVID-19 vaccine rollout in Bhavnagar city, western India: a qualitative exploration
Authors: Makwana Mohit N. , Shekhda Hiren J. , Rupani Mihir P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
COVID-19 vaccine was launched in India on January 16, 2021. There is a paucity of robust evidence from qualitative studies on the acceptability and expectations of potential recipients from the COVID-19 vaccine around the time of its rollout in India. We conducted this study to explore the acceptance and expectations of the COVID-19 vaccine among the healthcare workers and community in Bhavnagar, India.

Methods
During January 2021, in-depth interviews were conducted with potential vaccine recipients in Bhavnagar city—health care workers, people over the age of 50, and people of any age with comorbidities. A total of 28 in-depth interviews were performed, including 16 healthcare workers and 12 community beneficiaries. An in-depth interview guide was developed based on the constructs of the health belief model. Following written informed consent from all participants, all interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed in English and codes were generated using thematic analysis. Qualitative qualifiers were used due describe our study findings.

Results
Most of healthcare workers and a majority of people from the community have shown willingness to be vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine as they had trust on the results of the clinical trials and on the government. Some participants showed hesitancy, which was attributed to concerns regarding safety and efficacy, negative news reports in the media and lack of awareness regarding benefits of vaccine. Some healthcare workers were hesitant due to a lack of transparency in sharing the results of clinical trials. Very few showed refusal in getting vaccinated due to their belief that they won’t be infected with SARS-CoV-2 virus as they might have developed immunity against it. Most of the participants expected good efficacy, minimal/no side effects, rapid and wide coverage of vaccine and a perception of getting back to pre-COVID life sooner.

Conclusions
Most of the potential recipients were willing to take the COVID-19 vaccine around the time of its initial roll out. Future vaccine rollout campaigns could reduce refusals by timely demand generation activities on vaccine safety/efficacy, involving leaders/influencers, addressing grievances, and minimizing misinformation.
Comparing the clinical practice and prescribing safety of locum and permanent doctors: observational study of primary care consultations in England
Authors: Grigoroglou Christos , Walshe Kieran , Kontopantelis Evangelos , Ferguson Jane , Stringer Gemma , Ashcroft Darren M. , Allen Thomas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Temporary doctors, known as locums, are a key component of the medical workforce in the NHS but evidence on differences in quality and safety between locum and permanent doctors is limited. We aimed to examine differences in the clinical practice, and prescribing safety for locum and permanent doctors working in primary care in England.

Methods
We accessed electronic health care records (EHRs) for 3.5 million patients from the CPRD GOLD database with linkage to Hospital Episode Statistics from 1st April 2010 to 31st March 2022. We used multi-level mixed effects logistic regression to compare consultations with locum and permanent GPs for several patient outcomes including general practice revisits; prescribing of antibiotics; strong opioids; hypnotics; A&E visits; emergency hospital admissions; admissions for ambulatory care sensitive conditions; test ordering; referrals; and prescribing safety indicators while controlling for patient and practice characteristics.

Results
Consultations with locum GPs were 22% more likely to involve a prescription for an antibiotic (OR = 1.22 (1.21 to 1.22)), 8% more likely to involve a prescription for a strong opioid (OR = 1.08 (1.06 to 1.09)), 4% more likely to be followed by an A&E visit on the same day (OR = 1.04 (1.01 to 1.08)) and 5% more likely to be followed by an A&E visit within 1 to 7 days (OR = 1.05 (1.02 to 1.08)). Consultations with a locum were 12% less likely to lead to a practice revisit within 7 days (OR = 0.88 (0.87 to 0.88)), 4% less likely to involve a prescription for a hypnotic (OR = 0.96 (0.94 to 0.98)), 15% less likely to involve a referral (OR = 0.85 (0.84 to 0.86)) and 19% less likely to involve a test (OR = 0.81 (0.80 to 0.82)). We found no evidence that emergency admissions, ACSC admissions and eight out of the eleven prescribing safety indicators were different if patients were seen by a locum or a permanent GP.

Conclusions
Despite existing concerns, the clinical practice and performance of locum GPs did not appear to be systematically different from that of permanent GPs. The practice and performance of both locum and permanent GPs is likely shaped by the organisational setting and systems within which they work.
An investigation into how accurately UK rabbit owners identify pain in their pet rabbits
Authors: Forder Charlotte , Benato Livia , Rooney Nicola J. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Rabbits are popular family pets. They are prey species and so have evolved to hide signs of illness and pain. Recent research has developed robust pain scales for use in a clinical setting, but to date none has examined rabbit owners’ ability to recognise pain in their animals. This study investigated how owners identify pain in their pet rabbits and their ability to correctly identify different levels of pain, in order to determine any need for owner education in this area.

Methods
Owners were recruited via Facebook and a two-part online survey was distributed. Part one collected data on demographics, owners’ knowledge of pain signs and beliefs about pain in rabbits. Part two asked respondents to pain score eight videos of rabbits in different levels of pain for comparison to pain scores made by three experts. We used a simplified version of the Bristol Rabbit Pain Score (BRPS) which involved a single 0 to 3 scale. We explored the number of pain signs each respondent could list, the total score given to the videos, and their deviation from the experts’ scores.

Results
A total of 500 respondents completed part one of the survey and 345 additionally completed Part two. Respondents were on average able to state five signs of pain (range 0–12), but females stated significantly more (p = 0.018), as did those who worked with rabbits (p = 0.004) and those with experience of their rabbit having an operation (p = 0.01). Overall, 98.6% of respondents thought rabbits felt pain as much or more that dogs and cats. In Part two, respondents more frequently agreed with the experts when identifying rabbits in no pain (88.8%) and severe pain (65.2%), but there was lower agreement when identifying mild (28.4%) and moderate pain (43.2%). Respondents overall rated pain lower than experts with an average total pain score of 11.9 compared to 18 given by the experts.

Conclusions
Most rabbit owners are able to list numerous pain signs and are generally able to identify pain-free rabbits and those in severe pain. Owners’ ability to differentiate between mild and moderate pain is more limited and could benefit from training in the subtler signs of pain. Veterinary professionals are well placed to educate owners about signs of pain in rabbits and should be aware of areas where owners’ knowledge can be improved.
A systematic review: is Anopheles vagus a species complex?
Authors: Dalilah Dalilah , Syafruddin Din , Saleh Irsan , Ghiffari Ahmad , Vernadesly Leo , Syahrani Lepa , Irdayanti Irdayanti , Anwar Chairil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Anopheles vagus (subgenus Cellia) has been identified as a vector for malaria, filariasis, and Japanese encephalitis in Asia. Sporozoites of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax have been found in this zoophilic mosquito in Asia and Indonesia. This study systematically reviews publications regarding An. vagus species, variation, bio-ecology, and malaria transmission in various localities in Asia, especially Indonesia, to determine whether the current data support An. vagus as a species complex.

Methods
The databases Pubmed, Scopus, Europe PMC, and Proquest were searched to identify information regarding the morphology, karyotypes, polytene chromosome, cross-mating, ecology, and molecular identification of An. vagus was then evaluated to determine whether there were possible species complexes.

Results
Of the 1326 articles identified, 15 studies were considered for synthesis. The Anopheles spp. samples for this study came from Asia. Eleven studies used morphology to identify An. vagus, with singular studies using each of karyotype identification, chromosomal polytene identification, and cross-breeding experiments. Ten studies used molecular techniques to identify Anopheles spp., including An. vagus. Most studies discovered morphological variations of An. vagus either in the same or different areas and ecological settings. In this review, the members of An. vagus sensu lato grouped based on morphology (An. vagus, An. vagus vagus, An. vagus limosus, and An. limosus), karyotyping (form A and B), and molecular (An. vagus genotype A and B, An. vagus AN4 and AN5). Genetic analysis revealed a high conservation of the ITS2 fragment among members except for the An. vagus genotype B, which was, in fact, Anopheles sundaicus. This review also identified that An. vagus limosus and An. vagus vagus were nearly identical to the ITS2 sequence.

Conclusion
Literature review studies revealed that An. vagus is conspecific despite the distinct morphological characteristic of An. vagus and An. limosus. Further information using another barcoding tool, such as mitochondrial COI and ND6 and experimental cross-mating between the An. vagus and An. limosus may provide additional evidence for the status of An. vagus as a species complex.
Human periodontal ligament stem cell sheets activated by graphene oxide quantum dots repair periodontal bone defects by promoting mitochondrial dynamics dependent osteogenic differentiation
Authors: An Na , Yan Xiaoyuan , Qiu Qiujing , Zhang Zeying , Zhang Xiyue , Zheng Bowen , Zhao Zhenjin , Guo Jiajie , Liu Yi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Bone defects in the maxillofacial region restrict the integrity of dental function, posing challenges in clinical treatment. Bone tissue engineering (BTE) with stem cell implants is an effective method. Nanobiomaterials can effectively enhance the resistance of implanted stem cells to the harsh microenvironment of bone defect areas by promoting cell differentiation. Graphene oxide quantum dots (GOQDs) are zero-dimensional nanoscale derivatives of graphene oxide with excellent biological activity. In the present study, we aimed to explore the effects of GOQDs prepared by two methods (Y-GOQDs and B-GOQDs) on the osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs), as well as the effect of gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA)-encapsulated GOQD-induced hPDLSC sheets on the repair of mandibular periodontal defects in rats. We also explored the molecular biological mechanism through which GOQD promotes bone differentiation.

Results
There were significant differences in oxygen-containing functional groups, particle size and morphology between Y-GOQDs and B-GOQDs. Y-GOQDs promoted the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs more effectively than did B-GOQDs. In addition, GelMA hydrogel-encapsulated Y-GOQD-induced hPDLSC cell sheet fragments not only exhibited good growth and osteogenic differentiation in vitro but also promoted the repair of mandibular periodontal bone defects in vivo. Furthermore, the greater effectiveness of Y-GOQDs than B-GOQDs in promoting osteogenic differentiation is due to the regulation of hPDLSC mitochondrial dynamics, namely, the promotion of fusion and inhibition of fission.

Conclusions
Overall, Y-GOQDs are more effective than B-GOQDs at promoting the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs by regulating mitochondrial dynamics, which ultimately contributes to bone regeneration via the aid of the GelMA hydrogels in vivo.

Graphical Abstract
Choosing and accessing COVID-19 treatment options: a qualitative study with patients, caregivers, and health care providers in Lebanon
Authors: Hoteit Reem , Hassoun Aya , Bou Sanayeh Elie , Saade Marie Christelle , Honein-AbouHaidar Gladys , Akl Elie A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has strained healthcare systems globally, particularly in terms of access to medicines. Lebanon has been greatly affected by the pandemic, having faced concomitant financial and economic crises. The objective of the study was to understand the experiences of patients with COVID-19 in Lebanon, as well as those of their families, and healthcare providers, with regards to their treatment decisions and accessibility to COVID-19 medicines.

Methods
For this qualitative study, we conducted 28 semi-structured interviews. We used purposive sampling to recruit participants with a diverse range of perspectives. The data collection phase spanned from August to November 2021 and was conducted virtually. After transcribing and translating the interviews, we employed thematic analysis to identify recurring themes and patterns.

Results
In total, 28 individuals participated in this study. Participants highlighted challenges owing to the COVID-19 pandemic and economic crisis. Accessing COVID-19 medicines posed major hurdles for physicians and patients, given limited availability, global shortages, local circumstances, community hoarding and stockpiling by pharmacies. Providers based treatment decisions on research, local and international practice guidelines, experiences and expert feedback. Patients sought information from social media, community members and physicians, as well as through word of mouth. Accessing medicines involved navigating the healthcare system, the black market, charities, personal networks and political parties and sourcing from abroad. The medicines were either free, subsidized or at inflated costs.

Conclusions
This study highlights the diversity and complexity of factors influencing decision-making and accessing medicines during the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. Future research should explore strategies for ensuring medicine access during crises, drawing insights from comparative studies across different countries.
Polyploidy and mTOR signaling: a possible molecular link
Authors: Choudhury Debopriya , Ghosh Dhruba , Mondal Meghna , Singha Didhiti , Pothuraju Ramesh , Malakar Pushkar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolyploidy is typically described as the condition wherein a cell or organism has more than two complete sets of chromosomes. Occurrence of polyploidy is a naturally occurring phenomenon in the body’s development and differentiation processes under normal physiological conditions. However, in pathological conditions, the occurrence of polyploidy is documented in numerous disorders, including cancer, aging and diabetes. Due to the frequent association that the polyploidy has with these pathologies and physiological process, understanding the cause and consequences of polyploidy would be beneficial to develop potential therapeutic applications. Many of the genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to cancer, diabetes and aging are linked to signaling pathways. Nonetheless, the specific signaling pathway associated with the cause and consequences of polyploidy still remains largely unknown. Mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) plays a key role in the coordination between eukaryotic cell growth and metabolism, thereby simultaneously respond to various environmental inputs including nutrients and growth factors. Extensive research over the past two decades has established a central role for mTOR in the regulation of many fundamental cellular processes that range from protein synthesis to autophagy. Dysregulated mTOR signaling has been found to be implicated in various disease progressions. Importantly, there is a strong correlation between the hallmarks of polyploidy and dysregulated mTOR signaling. In this review, we explore and discuss the molecular connection between mTOR signaling and polyploidy along with its association with cancer, diabetes and aging. Additionally, we address some unanswered questions and provide recommendations to further advance our understanding of the intricate relationship between mTOR signaling and polyploidy.