bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Serum Chemerin Levels Correlate With Severity of Dysglycemia in Young Adult Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Bose Chiranjit , Mukherjee Bidisha , Mukherjee Ananya , Pramanik Subhasish , Saha Chinmay , Mondal Asif , Mukhopadhyay Satinath 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context
A subset of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) individuals also have type 2 diabetes (T2D); an unmet need to identify this subgroup exists.

Objective
We looked at the potential role of serum chemerin, a proinflammatory adipokine, in identifying dysglycemic PCOS.

Methods
A total of 93 PCOS and 33 healthy controls were classified, based on fasting and 2-hour plasma glucose levels (2hPGPG) and glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (%) into normoglycemic (n = 34), dysglycemic (n = 33), and T2D (n = 26). Serum chemerin were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Homeostatic model 2 assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-2IR) and homeostatic model 2 assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-2β) were computed using serum C-peptide.

Results
Metabolic syndrome was present in 9.7% (National Cholesterol Education Program) of PCOS. Waist circumference, body fat (%), 2hPGPG, and HbA1c levels were significantly higher in T2D group. Serum triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGs/HDL-c) ratio was increased in PCOS individuals with T2D; no significant changes in total cholesterol and LDL-c levels were seen. Serum chemerin levels were significantly higher (P &lt; .001) in the PCOS group. Total body fat (%), 2hPGPG, HbA1c, and TG/HDL-c ratio correlated positively with chemerin levels. Serum chemerin levels correlated positively with HOMA2IR and negatively with HOMA-2β. On receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, a serum chemerin cutoff level of greater than 309.3 ng/mL differentiated PCOS individuals with dysglycemia from those without (sensitivity 85.71%, specificity 89.47%). The Cohen kappa test revealed a substantial agreement (P &lt; .001) between chemerin cutoff and 2hPGPG levels greater than 200 mg/dL. The present study is arguably the first ever to define a serum chemerin cutoff to distinguish PCOS individuals with T2D from those without.

Conclusion
Elevated serum chemerin levels reliably identify PCOS individuals with dysglycemia. Further, longitudinal studies with larger samples are required to confirm this association.
An ode to multidisciplinarity: the ‘Bacteria Orchestrate Life’ international meeting
Authors: Jemaà Mohamed 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
If scientists stick to their research expertise without collaborating with other experts in different fields, it could stall the progress of their work in a world where interdisciplinary thinking and working should be second nature. Biologists are at the forefront of this trend. That is why a consortium formed by the faculty of sciences of Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia, the GetGenome Foundation and Learn and Win, decided to organise an international conference on bacteria, a perfect field for multidisciplinarity. For 3 days, from 14 to 16 December 2023, more than 200 interdisciplinary researchers and students of life sciences and more than 20 international speakers and trainers met at the faculty of sciences in Tunis, to discuss microbiology and bacteria from different horizons, from the most fundamental to the most imaginative, with a strong focus on technologies and discoveries. This Meeting Review describes the scientific event and highlights the main results of both the conferences and the practical sessions.
The size of the femoral head does not influence metal ion levels after metal-on-polyethylene total hip arthroplasty: a five-year report from a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Bunyoz Kristine I. , Tsikandylakis Georgios , Mortensen Kristian , Gromov Kirill , Mohaddes Maziar , Malchau Henrik , Troelsen Anders 
Published: March 2024

AimsIn metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) total hip arthroplasty (THA), large metal femoral heads have been used to increase stability and reduce the risk of dislocation. The increased size of the femoral head can, however, lead to increased taper corrosion, with the release of metal ions and adverse reactions. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the size of the femoral head and the levels of metal ions in the blood in these patients.MethodsA total of 96 patients were enrolled at two centres and randomized to undergo MoP THA using either a 32 mm metal head or a femoral head of between 36 mm and 44 mm in size, being the largest possible to fit the thinnest available polyethylene insert. The levels of metal ions and patient-reported outcome measures (Oxford Hip Score, University of California, Los Angeles Activity Scale) were recorded at two and five years postoperatively.ResultsAt five years, the median levels of chromium, cobalt, and titanium were 0.5 μg/l (interquartile range (IQR) 0.50 to 0.62), 0.24 μg/l (IQR 0.18 to 0.30), and 1.16 μg/l (IQR 1.0 to 1.68) for the 32 mm group, and 0.5 μg/l (IQR 0.5 to 0.54), 0.23 μg/l (IQR 0.17 to 0.39), and 1.30 μg/l (IQR 1 to 2.05) for the 36 mm to 44 mm group, with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.825, p = 1.000, p = 0.558). There were increased levels of metal ions at two years postoperatively in seven patients in the 32 mm group, compared with four in the 36 mm to 44 mm group, and at five years postoperatively in six patients in the 32 mm group, compared with seven in the 36 mm to 44 mm group. There was no significant difference in either the OHS (p = 0.665) or UCLA (p = 0.831) scores between patients with or without an increased level of metal ions.ConclusionIn patients who underwent MoP THA, we found no differences in the levels of metal ions five years postoperatively between those with a femoral head of 32 mm and those with a femoral head of between 36 mm and 44 mm, and no corrosion-related revisions. As taper corrosion can start after five years, there remains a need for longer-term studies investigating the relationship between the size of the femoral head size and corrosion in patients undergoing MoP THA.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):31–37.
Accuracy of femoral component anteversion in robotic total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Sugano Nobuhiko , Maeda Yuki , Fuji Haruka , Tamura Kazunori , Nakamura Nobuo , Takashima Kazuma , Uemura Keisuke , Hamada Hidetoshi 
Published: March 2024

AimsFemoral component anteversion is an important factor in the success of total hip arthroplasty (THA). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the accuracy of femoral component anteversion with the Mako THA system and software using the Exeter cemented femoral component, compared to the Accolade II cementless femoral component.MethodsWe reviewed the data of 30 hips from 24 patients who underwent THA using the posterior approach with Exeter femoral components, and 30 hips from 24 patients with Accolade II components. Both groups did not differ significantly in age, sex, BMI, bone quality, or disease. Two weeks postoperatively, CT images were obtained to measure acetabular and femoral component anteversion.ResultsThe mean difference in femoral component anteversion between intraoperative and postoperative CT measurements (system accuracy of component anteversion) was 0.8° (SD 1.8°) in the Exeter group and 2.1° (SD 2.3°) in the Accolade II group, respectively (p = 0.020). The mean difference in anteversion between the plan and the postoperative CT measurements (clinical accuracy of femoral component anteversion) was 1.2° (SD 3.6°) in the Exeter group, and 4.2° (SD 3.9°) in the Accolade II group (p = 0.003). No significant differences were found in acetabular component inclination and anteversion; however, the clinical accuracy of combined anteversion was significantly better in the Exeter group (0.6° (SD 3.9°)) than the Accolade II group (3.6° (SD 4.1°)).ConclusionThe Mako THA system and software helps surgeons control the femoral component anteversion to achieve the target angle of insertion. The Exeter femoral component, inserted using Mako THA system, showed greater precision for femoral component and combined component anteversion than the Accolade II component.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3 Supple A):104–109.
Clinical and radiological outcomes with an augmented baseplate for superior glenoid wear in reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Park Jong H. , Lee Jong H. , Kim Dae Y. , Kim Hyun G. , Kim Jae S. , Lee Sang M. , Kim Su C. , Yoo Jae C. 
Published: March 2024

AimsThis study aimed to assess the impact of using the metal-augmented glenoid baseplate (AGB) on improving clinical and radiological outcomes, as well as reducing complications, in patients with superior glenoid wear undergoing reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA).MethodsFrom January 2016 to June 2021, out of 235 patients who underwent primary RSA, 24 received a superior-AGB after off-axis reaming (Group A). Subsequently, we conducted propensity score matching in a 1:3 ratio, considering sex, age, follow-up duration, and glenoid wear (superior-inclination and retroversion), and selected 72 well-balanced matched patients who received a standard glenoid baseplate (STB) after eccentric reaming (Group B). Superior-inclination, retroversion, and lateral humeral offset (LHO) were measured to assess preoperative glenoid wear and postoperative correction, as well as to identify any complications. Clinical outcomes were measured at each outpatient visit before and after surgery.ResultsThere were no significant differences in demographic data and preoperative characteristics between the two groups. Both groups showed significant improvements in patient-reported outcome measures (visual analogue scale for pain, visual analogue scale for function, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, Constant, and Simple Shoulder Test scores) from preoperative to final assessment (p < 0.001). However, AGB showed no additional benefit. Notably, within range of motion, Group B showed significant postoperative decrease in both external rotation and internal rotation, unlike Group A (p = 0.028 and 0.003, respectively). Both groups demonstrated a significant correction of superior-inclination after surgery, while patients in Group B exhibited a significant decrease in LHO postoperatively (p = 0.001). Regarding complications, Group A experienced more acromial stress fractures (3 cases; 12.5%), whereas Group B had a higher occurrence of scapular notching (24 cases; 33.3%) (p = 0.008).ConclusionBoth eccentric reaming with STB and off-axis reaming with AGB are effective methods for addressing superior glenoid wear in RSA, leading to improved clinical outcomes. However, it is important to be aware of the potential risks associated with eccentric reaming, which include excessive bone loss leading to reduced rotation and scapular notching.Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2024;106-B(3):268–276.
Celebrating 100 years of the academic chair of surgery at St Mary’s Hospital, London
Authors: Fletcher T , Lawson J , Gan J , Ugwu F , Pouncy A , Luintel A , Grailey K , Feather C , Davids J , Sodergren M , Bicknell C , Liddle A , Anticliffe D , Riga C , Mayer E , Ashrafian H , Darzi A , Kinross J 
Published: March 2024

On 26 April 2023, past and present members of the department of surgery and cancer as well as those of wider supporting medical specialties of St Mary’s Hospital (SMH), London, congregated at the Royal Society under the headship of Professor Ara Darzi to celebrate 100 years since the establishment of an academic chair of surgery at SMH. The day also sought to recognise the global impact this institution has had on the surgical field over the past century and to look forwards to the major innovations that will shape the next. The event was divided into nine key sessions: cancer and minimally invasive surgery, vascular surgery, trauma and orthopaedic surgery, medicine’s impact on surgery, design, surgical education, artificial intelligence and digital health, patient safety, and allied technologies. In this article, we describe the founding of academic surgical units in the UK, and also present the key surgical ‘firsts’, breakthroughs and innovations realised at SMH in each of these realms. We finish with a look forwards to what the future holds for this institution and indeed the field of surgery as a whole.
Ultra-compact SOI-based higher-order mode pass wavelength demultiplexer
Authors: Chen Jinhua , Pan Weiwei , Ji Chen 
Published: March 2024

We propose an ultra-compact mode filtering wavelength demultiplexer design with a footprint of 3µm×3µm. Our device can route input TE1 mode signals at 1310 nm and 1550 nm to different output ports while simultaneously blocking fundamental transverse electric (TE0) mode input. Our device is designed based on the topology optimization algorithm, which results in an ultra-compact footprint combining wavelength routing and mode filtering functions for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. Our final optimized devices demonstrated insertion losses of 1.26 dB and 1.47 dB for the C- and O-band output ports, respectively, with inter-port crosstalk as low as −21.25dB and −30.99dB. The extinction ratios between TE1 mode and TE0 mode are 24.02 dB and 30.12 dB at the 1310 nm and 1550 nm output ports. The combination of small footprint, broad transmission bandwidth, TE1 to TE0 mode selectively filtering, and C- and O-band TE1 mode demultiplexing functions make this a uniquely versatile device that can play an important role in future high density mode-wavelength multiplexing systems.
Passive magnetic-free broadband optical isolator based on unidirectional self-induced transparency
Authors: Wu Haodong , Tang Jiangshan , Chen Mingyuan , Xiao Min , Lu Yanqing , Xia Keyu , Nori Franco 
Published: March 2024

Achieving a broadband nonreciprocal device without gain and any external bias is very challenging and highly desirable for modern photonic technologies and quantum networks. Here we theoretically propose a passive and magnetic-free all-optical isolator for a femtosecond laser pulse by exploiting a new mechanism of unidirectional self-induced transparency, obtained with a nonlinear medium followed by a normal absorbing medium at one side. The transmission contrast between the forward and backward directions can reach 14.3 dB for a 2π − 5 fs laser pulse. The 20 dB bandwidth is about 56 nm, already comparable with a magneto-optical isolator. This work provides a new mechanism which may benefit non-magnetic isolation of ultrashort laser pulses.
High-performance portable grating-based surface plasmon resonance sensor using a tunable laser at normal incidence
Authors: Le Duc , Ranta-Lassila Anni , Sipola Teemu , Karppinen Mikko , Petäjä Jarno , Kehusmaa Minna , Aikio Sanna , Guo Tian-Long , Roussey Matthieu , Hiltunen Jussi , Popov Alexey 
Published: March 2024

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors are among the most sensitive sensors. In such devices, a grating is a compelling alternative to a prism for the excitation of a surface plasmon, especially in the development of sensors for point-of-care applications due to their compactness and cost-effectiveness. Here, we demonstrate the use of a tunable laser in a grating-based SPR system for further miniaturization and integration. The tunable laser working at normal incidence replaces spectral and moving components, while also simplifying the optical setup. Normal incidence is conventionally avoided due to the complexity of the control of degenerated SPR modes. We investigate, both computationally and experimentally, the splitting of the SPR modes at small nonzero incidences, which is lacking in previously reported studies. By optimizing the grating configuration, we were able to diminish the SPR mode splitting phenomenon when the excitation was feasible with the normal incidence configuration. The fabricated sensor showed a high sensitivity of 1101.6 nm/RIU. Notably, the figure of merit of the sensor, defined as the ratio between the sensitivity and bandwidth of the SPR dip, was 229.5. The experimental results were consistent with the simulation results. We also demonstrate its capability for detecting low concentrations of glucose and creatinine with the limit of detection of 14.2 and 19.1 mmol/L, respectively.
Barriers to contraceptive use in humanitarian settings: Experiences of South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda; an exploratory qualitative study
Authors: Achola Roselline , Atuyambe Lynn , Nabiwemba Elizabeth , Nyashanu Mathew , Garimoi Orach Christopher 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Contraceptive use can be lifesaving, empowering and cost-effective for women and girls. Access to contraception is still challenging to female refugees due to several barriers including language, low educational level, lack of information, influence by family members, limited income, cultural and religious norms. This study explored barriers to contraceptive use among South Sudanese refugee women living in Adjumani district, Uganda.

Methods
An exploratory study design using qualitative methods were employed involving women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Purposive sampling was used to select participants for Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and In-depth Interviews (IDIs) from three settlements in Adjumani district. We conducted four FGDs, each consisting of 8 participants. We also conducted fourteen in-depth interviews (IDIs) with women of reproductive age. The IDI and FGD guides were translated into local languages before they were used to collect data. The interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated into English. Audio recordings were labeled before being translated back to English. Deductive, team-based coding was implemented, and a codebook developed. Transcripts were entered, and data coded using Atlas ti version 14. Data were analyzed using content analysis to produce the final outputs for the study.

Results
The study found several challenges to contraceptive use. These included gender dynamics, socially constructed myths on contraceptive use, cultural norms, limited knowledge about contraceptives, men’s negative attitudes, antagonism of contraceptive use by leaders and reprisal of women who use contraception.

Conclusion
The study concluded that there is need for community strategies to break down the barriers to contraception utilization among refugee women. Such strategies should involve men and women alongside gatekeepers to enhance sustainability.
Inhaled anesthesia associated with reduced mortality in patients with stage III breast cancer: A population-based study
Authors: Kuo Emily Tzu-Jung , Kuo Chin , Lin Cheng-Li 
Published: March 2024

Background
Patients diagnosed with stage III breast cancer often undergo surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy as part of their treatment. The choice of anesthesia technique during surgery has been a subject of interest due to its potential association with immune changes and prognosis. In this study, we aimed to compare the mortality rates between stage III breast cancer patients undergoing surgery with propofol-based intravenous general anesthesia and those receiving inhaled anesthetics.

Methods
Using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database and Taiwan Cancer Registry, we identified a cohort of 10,896 stage III breast cancer patients. Among them, 1,506 received propofol-based intravenous anesthetic maintenance, while 9,390 received inhaled anesthetic maintenance. To ensure comparability between the two groups, we performed propensity-score matching.

Results
Our findings revealed a significantly lower mortality rate in patients who received inhaled anesthetics compared to those who received propofol-based intravenous anesthesia. Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the robustness of our results.

Conclusions
This study suggests that inhaled anesthesia technique is associated with a lower mortality rate in clinical stage III breast cancer. Further research is needed to validate and expand upon these results.
Seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in a cohort of pregnant women and their infants in Uganda and Malawi
Authors: Hookham Lauren , Cantrell Liberty , Cose Stephen , Freyne Bridget , Gadama Luis , Imede Esther , Kawaza Kondwani , Lissauer Samantha , Musoke Phillipa , Nankabirwa Victoria , Sekikubo Musa , Sommerfelt Halvor , Voysey Merryn , Le Doare Kirsty ,   on behalf of The periCOVID Consortium
Published: March 2024

Background
Data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and infancy has accumulated throughout the course of the pandemic, though evidence regarding asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and adverse birth outcomes are scarce. Limited information is available from countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). The pregnant woman and infant COVID in Africa study (PeriCOVID Africa) is a South-South-North partnership involving hospitals and health centres in five countries: Malawi, Uganda, Mozambique, The Gambia, and Kenya. The study leveraged data from three ongoing prospective cohort studies: Preparing for Group B Streptococcal Vaccines (GBS PREPARE), SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 in women and their infants in Kampala and Mukono (COMAC) and Pregnancy Care Integrating Translational Science Everywhere (PRECISE). In this paper we describe the seroepidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnant women enrolled in sites in Uganda and Malawi, and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on pregnancy and infant outcomes.

Outcome
Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in maternal blood, reported as the proportion of seropositive women by study site and wave of COVID-19 within each country.

Methods
The PeriCOVID study was a prospective mother-infant cohort study that recruited pregnant women at any gestation antenatally or on the day of delivery. Maternal and cord blood samples were tested for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using Wantai and Euroimmune ELISA. In periCOVID Uganda and Malawi nose and throat swabs for SARS-Cov-2 RT-PCR were obtained.

Results
In total, 1379 women were enrolled, giving birth to 1387 infants. Overall, 63% of pregnant women had a SARS-CoV-2 positive serology. Over subsequent waves (delta and omicron), in the absence of vaccination, seropositivity rose from 20% to over 80%. The placental transfer GMR was 1.7, indicating active placental transfer of anti-spike IgG. There was no association between SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity and adverse pregnancy or infancy outcomes.
Electronic medical record implementation in the emergency department in a low-resource country: Lessons learned
Authors: Faris Nagham , Saliba Miriam , Tamim Hani , Jabbour Rima , Fakih Ahmad , Sadek Zouhair , Antoun Rula , El Sayed Mazen , Hitti Eveline 
Published: March 2024

Objective
There is paucity of information regarding electronic medical record (EMR) implementation in emergency departments in countries outside the United States especially in low-resource settings. The objective of this study is to describe strategies for a successful implementation of an EMR in the emergency department and to examine the impact of this implementation on the department’s operations and patient-related metrics.

Methods
We performed an observational retrospective study at the emergency department of a tertiary care center in Beirut, Lebanon. We assessed the effect of EMR implementation by tracking emergency departments’ quality metrics during a one-year baseline period and one year after implementation. End-user satisfaction and patient satisfaction were also assessed.

Results
Our evaluation of the implementation of EMR in a low resource setting showed a transient increase in LOS and visit-to-admission decision, however this returned to baseline after around 6 months. The bounce-back rate also increased. End-users were satisfied with the new EMR and patient satisfaction did not show a significant change.

Conclusions
Lessons learned from this successful EMR implementation include a mix of strategies recommended by the EMR vendor as well as specific strategies used at our institution. These can be used in future implementation projects in low-resource settings to avoid disruption of workflows.