bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Is the short‐term outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate affected by preoperative degree of bladder outlet obstruction, status of detrusor contractility or detrusor overactivity?
Authors: TANAKA YOSHINORI , MASUMORI NAOYA , ITOH NAOKI , FURUYA SEIJI , OGURA HIROSHI , TSUKAMOTO TAIJI 
Published: November 2006

Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether the preoperative degree of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), detrusor underactivity (DUA) or detrusor overactivity (DO) affected the short‐term outcome of transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH).Methods: Ninety‐two patients with LUTS/BPH aged 50 years or older who were considered to be appropriate candidates for TURP were included in this study. Pressure‐flow study and filling cystometry were performed to determine BOO, DUA and DO before TURP. The efficacy of TURP was determined at 3 months after surgery using the efficacy criteria for treatment of BPH assessed by the International Prostate Symptom Score, QOL index, maximum flow rate and postvoid residual urine volume.Results: On preoperative urodynamics, 60%, 40% and 48% of patients showed BOO, DUA and DO, respectively. After TURP, 76% showed ‘excellent’ or ‘good’ overall efficacy, whereas only 13% fell into the ‘poor/worse’ category. The efficacy was higher as the preoperative degree of BOO worsened. In contrast, neither DO nor DUA influenced the outcome of TURP. However, the surgery likely provided unfavorable efficacy for patients having DO but not BOO. Only 20% of the patients who had both DO and DUA but did not have BOO achieved efficacy.Conclusions: Transurethral resection of the prostate is an effective surgical procedure for treatment of LUTS/BPH, especially for patients with BOO. DUA may not be a contraindication for TURP. The surgical indication should be circumspect for patients who do not have BOO but have DO.
Desulfurization of aromatic sulfonates by rhizosphere bacteria: high diversity of the asfA gene
Authors: Schmalenberger Achim , Kertesz Michael A. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe plant growth‐promoting effect of Pseudomonas putida S‐313 is associated with its ability to desulfurize arylsulfonates. To understand this further, other plant‐associated bacteria able to desulfurize a range of arylsulfonates were isolated from the rhizospheres of winter and spring barley. The isolates belonged to the β‐proteobacteria, including bacteria from the Variovorax paradoxus group and from the Acidovorax genus. They desulfurized toluenesulfonate to p‐cresol, and were found to contain orthologues of the P. putida S‐313 asfA gene (> 70% sequence identity to AsfA), which is required for aryldesulfonation in this species. Further putative asfA orthologues were identified in several bacteria and cyanobacteria whose genomes have been sequenced, but of these only Cupriavidus (Ralstonia) metallidurans was able to utilize arylsulfonates as sulfur source. Cultivation of V. paradoxus, C. metallidurans or P. putida S‐313 with toluenesulfonate as sulfur source led to a 100‐fold increase in expression of the asfA homologues, which was largely repressed when sulfate was added. Polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers was used to generate asfAB clone libraries from spring‐ and winter‐barley rhizosphere DNA. Cluster analysis of 76 sequenced AsfA fragments revealed a broad diversity, with the majority of the sequences clustered together with AsfA from bacteria that are able to utilize toluenesulfonate as sulfur source. The diversity of asfA in barley rhizosphere underlines the importance of the desulfonation process for bacteria that inhabit the plant rhizosphere.
Osmoadaptative responses in the rhizobia nodulating Acacia isolated from south‐eastern Moroccan Sahara
Authors: Essendoubi Mohammed , Brhada Fatiha , Eljamali Jamal Eddine , Filali‐Maltouf Abdelkarim , Bonnassie Sylvie , Georgeault Sylvie , Blanco Carlos , Jebbar Mohamed 
Published: November 2006

SummaryFour strains of rhizobia nodulating Acacia were isolated from the Moroccan desert soil by trapping with seedlings of Acacia gummifera and Acacia raddiana, and were studied for their ability to tolerate high salinity and dryness conditions. The strains MDSMC 2, MDSMC 18 and MDSMC 50 were halotolerant (they tolerated up to 1 M NaCl) and they accumulated glutamate and mannosucrose. The synthesis of the latter solute, which is the major endogenous osmolyte, is partially repressed in the presence of glycine betaine. The strain MDSMC 34 was less halotolerant (growth inhibited by a concentration greater than 0.5 M NaCl), and accumulated trehalose (as the main endogenous osmolyte) and glutamate. Rhizobia from the Moroccan desert soil were highly resistant to desiccation and their tolerance to dryness was stimulated by osmotic pretreatment. Thus, the accumulation of mannosucrose or trehalose by desert rhizobia represents both an osmoadaptative response and a part of a desiccation tolerance mechanism.
Expression of an engineered granule‐bound Escherichia coli maltose acetyltransferase in wild‐type and amf potato plants
Authors: Nazarian Firouzabadi Farhad , Vincken Jean‐Paul , Ji Qin , Suurs Luc C. J. M. , Visser Richard G. F. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryStarch is used in many industrial applications, but often requires chemical derivatization to enhance its properties before use. In particular, the stability of starch polymers in solution is improved by acetylation. A drawback of this treatment is the use of pollutant chemicals. A biological alternative to chemical derivatization was investigated by the expression of an amyloplast‐targeted Escherichia coli maltose acetyltransferase (MAT) gene in tubers of wild‐type (Kardal) and mutant amylose‐free (amf) potato plants. MAT was expressed as such, or fused to the N‐ or C‐terminus of a non‐catalytic starch‐binding domain (SBD) to target the starch granule. Starch granules derived from transgenic plants were found to contain acetyl groups, although their content was low, opening up an avenue to move away from the post‐harvest chemical derivatization of starch. MAT inside starch granules was found to be active post‐harvest when supplied with acetyl‐coenzyme A and glucose or maltose, but it did not acetylate starch polymers in vitro. Starch granules from transformants in which MAT alone was expressed also showed MAT activity, indicating that MAT is accumulated in starch granules, and has affinity for starch by itself. Furthermore, starch granule morphology was altered, and fusion proteins containing MAT and SBD seemed to have a higher affinity for starch granules than two appended SBDs. These results are discussed against the background of the quaternary structure of MAT.
Muscle architecture and functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus)
Authors: Smith N. C. , Wilson A. M. , Jespers K. J. , Payne R. C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe functional anatomy of the pelvic limb of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) was investigated in order to assess musculoskeletal specialization related to locomotor performance. The pelvic limbs of ten ostriches were dissected and detailed measurements of all muscle tendon units of the pelvic limb were made, including muscle mass, muscle length, fascicle length, pennation angle, tendon mass and tendon length. From these measurements other muscle properties such as muscle volume, physiological cross‐sectional area (PCSA), tendon cross‐sectional area, maximum isometric muscle force and tendon stress were derived, using standard relationships and published muscle data. Larger muscles tended to be located more proximally and had longer fascicle lengths and lower pennation angles. This led to an expected proximal to distal reduction in total muscle mass. An exception to this trend was the gastrocnemius muscle, which was found to have the largest volume and PCSA and also had the highest capacity for both force and power production. Generally high‐power muscles were located more proximally in the limb, while some small distal muscles (tibialis cranialis and flexor perforatus digiti III), with short fibres, were found to have very high force generation capacities. The greatest proportion of pelvic muscle volume was for the hip extensors, while the highest capacity for force generation was observed in the extensors of the ankle, many of which were also in series with long tendons and thus were functionally suited to elastic energy storage.
GABAA receptor associated proteins: a key factor regulating GABAA receptor function
Authors: Chen Zi‐Wei , Olsen Richard W. 
Published: November 2006

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA), an important inhibitory neurotransmitter in both vertebrates and invertebrates, acts on GABA receptors that are ubiquitously expressed in the CNS. GABAA receptors also represent a major site of action of clinically relevant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, barbiturates, ethanol, and general anesthetics. It has been shown that the intracellular M3‐M4 loop of GABAA receptors plays an important role in regulating GABAA receptor function. Therefore, studies of the function of receptor intracellular loop associated proteins become important for understanding mechanisms of regulating receptor activity. Recently, several labs have used the yeast two‐hybrid assay to identify proteins interacting with GABAA receptors, for example, the interaction of GABAA receptor associated protein (GABARAP) and Golgi‐specific DHHC zinc finger protein (GODZ) with γ subunits, PRIP, phospholipase C‐related, catalytically inactive proteins (PRIP‐1) and (PRIP‐2) with GABARAP and receptor γ2 and β subunits, Plic‐1 with some α and β subunits, radixin with the α5 subunit, HAP1 with the β1 subunit, GABAA receptor interacting factor‐1 (GRIF‐1) with the β2 subunit, and brefeldin A‐inhibited GDP/GTP exchange factor 2 (BIG2) with the β3 subunit. These proteins have been shown to play important roles in modulating the activities of GABAA receptors ranging from enhancing trafficking, to stabilizing surface and internalized receptors, to regulating modification of GABAA receptors. This article reviews the current studies of GABAA receptor intracellular loop‐associated proteins.
Somatostatin, a negative‐regulator of central leptin action in the rat hypothalamus
Authors: Stepanyan Z. , Kocharyan A. , Behrens M. , Koebnick C. , Pyrski M. , Meyerhof W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLeptin‐responsive neurons of the hypothalamus constitute a heterogeneous population expressing a vast array of different neuropeptides and neurotransmitters, some of which participate in the regulation of hunger and satiety. Here we report that somatostatin modulates the efficacy of leptin‐signalling in the rat hypothalamus. Using a two‐pulse paradigm at 30‐min intervals, we delivered somatostatin or somatostatin receptor subtype‐selective agonists in combination with leptin into the lateral cerebral ventricle of stereotaxically cannulated rats. To monitor the effect of somatostatin on the leptin‐signalling pathway, we quantified changes in the leptin‐mediated activation of STAT3, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Successive administration of somatostatin and leptin diminished the level of STAT3‐phosphorylation and nuclear STAT3 translocation in the ventromedial and dorsomedial hypothalamic nuclei, the lateral hypothalamic area, and the arcuate nucleus by about 40% compared to leptin administration alone. Furthermore, application of subtype‐selective somatostatin receptor agonists suggests that the observed reduction in leptin‐responsiveness is predominantly mediated by the sst3 receptor‐subtype, followed by sst1 and sst2. In addition, the intensity of the negative‐regulatory effect of somatostatin on leptin‐signalling displayed regional differences for the three receptor‐subtypes involved. Addressing the functional consequences of the diminished leptin‐signalling, behavioural analyses showed that centrally applied somatostatin counteracts the leptin‐mediated suppression of food intake. These results suggest that the pleiotropic effector somatostatin also plays a role in the central regulation of energy homeostasis.
Evidence that moment‐to‐moment variation in positive emotions buffer genetic risk for depression: a momentary assessment twin study
Authors: Wichers Marieke c. , Myin‐Germeys Inez , Jacobs Nele , Peeters Frenk , Kenis Gunter , Derom Catherine , Vlietinck Robert , Delespaul Philippe , Van Os Jim 
Published: November 2006

Objective:  The negative affective response to daily life stressors, which previous work suggest is a fundamental depression endophenotype, may be moderated by positive emotions. It was investigated whether positive affect (PA) buffers negative affect (NA) reactivity in response to stress and whether PA moderates the genetic predisposition to negative affect reactivity.Method:  A total of 279 twin pairs participated in a momentary assessment study with the experience sampling method, collecting appraisals of stress and affect in the flow of daily life. Lifetime diagnoses of depression were obtained.Results:  There was a significant interaction between stress appraisal of event (STRESS) and PA in the association with NA. The interaction between proband PA, proband STRESS and co‐twin lifetime depression showed that higher PA reduced the interaction between proband STRESS and co‐twin lifetime depression.Conclusion:  Positive emotions not only buffer against NA reactivity, but in addition attenuate genetic effects on negative mood bias in daily life.
Surgical Planning and Prosthesis Construction Using Computed Tomography, CAD/CAM Technology, and the Internet for Immediate Loading of Dental Implants
Authors: Balshi Stephen F. , Wolfinger Glenn J. , Balshi Thomas J. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTThis report describes a protocol that uses computer technology and medical imaging to virtually place anterior and posterior dental implants and to construct a precise surgical template and prosthesis, which is connected at the time of implant placement. This procedure drastically reduces patient office time, surgical treatment time, and the degree of post‐treatment recovery. Patients with an edentulous arch or a partially edentulous area had a denture with radiopaque markers constructed for computed tomography (CT) scans of the appropriate jaw. The CT images, having acquisition slices of 0.4 mm, are transposed in a three‐dimensional image‐based program for planning and strategic placement of dental implants. After virtual implant placement on the computer, the surgical treatment plan is sent to a manufacturing facility for construction of the surgical template. The manufactured surgical components and surgical template arrive on the clinical site. From the surgical template, the dental laboratory retro‐engineers the master cast, articulates it with the opposing dentition based on a duplicate of the scanning denture, and creates the prosthesis. Using the surgical template, minimally invasive surgery is performed without a flap, and the prosthesis is delivered, achieving immediate functional loading to the implants. Minor occlusal adjustments are made. The total surgical treatment time required is typically between 30 and 60 minutes. Postoperative symptoms such as pain, swelling, and inflammation are dramatically reduced.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEIdentification of the bone in relationship to the tooth position via three‐dimensional CT prior to surgery allows the clinician to precisely place implants. Computer‐aided design/computer‐assisted manufacture technology using the three‐dimensional images allows for fabrication of the surgical template. This is a significant advancement in implant dentistry and promotes interdisciplinary approaches to patient treatment. The implant surgeon and restorative dentist can agree upon implant locations and screw access locations prior to the surgical episode.
Esthetic Potential of Single‐Implant Provisional Restorations: Selection Criteria of Available Alternatives
Authors: Priest George 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTProvisional implant restorations are essential tools used to optimize the esthetic outcomes for single‐tooth implant restorations. This article describes three groups of available alternatives and the specific options within each group including removable prostheses (interim removable partial denture, vacuum‐formed appliance), tooth‐supported prostheses (bonded extracted or denture teeth, cast metal or fiber‐reinforced resin‐bonded fixed partial denture [FPD], wire‐retained resin‐bonded FPD, acrylic resin provisional FPD), and implant‐supported fixed prostheses (implant‐retained provisional restoration). Advantages and disadvantages as well as fabrication guidelines for each option are provided. The author proposes that the restorative dentist consider eight criteria in selecting the most appropriate type of provisional prosthesis for a specific patient situation including the esthetic potential, patient comfort, treatment time, laboratory cost, occlusal clearance, ease of removal, durability, and ease of modification. The patient’s esthetic expectations are critical in determining the most suitable type of provisional restoration. Esthetically pleasing provisional restorations are part of the evolving implant continuum, making implant dentistry more appealing to practicing dentists and potential patients.CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCEProvisional restorations for single implants have evolved from temporary expedients during osseous and soft tissue integration to critical therapeutic tools used to assess patient expectations, communicate with the laboratory, and optimize definitive implant treatment. The selection of the type of provisional restoration may significantly influence esthetics during the period of implant integration and soft tissue healing. However, it is unlikely that there is a direct correlation between the type of provisional restoration used and the esthetic outcome of the definitive prosthesis.
Writing Revolution: British Literature and the French Revolution Crisis, a Review of Recent Scholarship1
Authors: Grenby M. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe French Revolution had a profound effect on almost all aspects of British culture. French events and ideas were avidly discussed and disputed in Britain. Long‐standing British political and cultural debates were given new life; new socio‐political ideologies rapidly emerged. The sense of political, religious and cultural crisis that developed in the 1790s was only slowly to dissipate. Generations afterwards, many British thinkers and writers were still considering and renegotiating their responses. The effect of the Revolution Crisis on British literature was particularly marked, something that was widely recognised at the time and has been the focus of much scholarship since. It has become something of a cliché that British literary Romanticism was born out of the Revolution. The last few decades have produced new waves of powerful criticism which has re‐examined the relationship between the Revolution Crisis and the works it shaped. Different strands of radical writing have now received detailed investigation, as have equally complex conservative responses. Writing by and for women is now receiving as much attention as writing by men, and previously neglected forms, such as the popular novel, pamphlets and children's literature, are now the subject of an increasing number of studies. The writing of the 1790s and early 1800s has in fact provided many scholars with their test‐case for exploring the very nature of the relationship between text and context. It is this profusion of recent, sophisticated and rapidly evolving scholarship which this article surveys.
‘[A] Place Among the Hindu Poets’: Orientalism and the Poetry of Sir William Jones (1746–1794)
Authors: Das Nandini 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs a scholar, linguist and legal authority, Sir William Jones played a major role in shaping Europe's understanding of India and the Middle East, not only through his involvement in tasks such as the establishment of the Asiatic Society or the codification of Indian laws, but also through his own literary work. His writings on Persian and Indian literature have inspired a significant body of postcolonial critique, while their impact on poets such as Southey, Shelley, Byron and Coleridge has attracted the attention of scholars of Romantic literature. More importantly, however, scholars are now increasingly beginning to recognise the importance of Jones's work in illuminating a crucial stage of British colonial history, when the eighteenth‐century scholarly pursuit of ‘Oriental’ studies became increasingly embroiled in problematic negotiations with European imperialism. This article examines the role played by Jones's scholarship and poetry, particularly that produced during his tenure in India, in his efforts to mediate between two changing societies – India under British rule on the one hand, and the increasing professionalisation of knowledge in eighteenth‐century England on the other.
Do Ethical Consumers Care About Price? A Revealed Preference Analysis of Fair Trade Coffee Purchases
Authors: Arnot Chris , Boxall Peter C. , Cash Sean B. 
Published: November 2006

The existing literature on socially responsible purchasing relies heavily on stated preference measures elicited through surveys that utilize hypothetical market choices. This paper explores consumers' revealed purchasing behavior with regard to fair trade coffee and is apparently the first to do so in an actual market setting. In a series of experiments, we investigated differences in consumer responsiveness to relative price changes in fair trade and non‐fair trade brewed coffees. In order to minimize the hypothetical bias that may be present in some experimental settings, we conducted our experiments in cooperation with a vendor who allowed us to vary prices in an actual coffee shop. Using a choice model, we found that purchasers of fair trade coffee were much less price responsive than those of other coffee products. The demonstration of low sensitivity to price suggests that the market premiums identified by stated preference studies do indeed exist and are not merely artifacts of hypothetical settings.La littérature existante sur la consommation responsable repose fortement sur les mesures des préférences déclarées recueillies lors d'enquêtes utilisant des choix hypothétiques. Le présent article examine le comportement d'achat révélé des consommateurs concernant le cafééquitable et constitue apparemment le premier article du genre à le faire dans le contexte d'un marché réel. Au cours d'une série d'expériences, nous avons examiné les différentes réactions des consommateurs concernant les changements du prix relatif des cafés infusés équitables et classiques (non équitables). Pour minimiser le biais hypothétique qui pourrait exister dans certaines situations expérimentales, nous avons effectué nos expériences en collaboration avec un fournisseur qui nous a donné la permission de modifier les prix dans un véritable café‐restaurant. À l'aide d'un modèle de choix, nos résultats ont montré que les consommateurs de cafééquitable réagissaient beaucoup moins au prix que les consommateurs de café classique. Cette faible sensibilité au prix donne à penser que les primes de marché identifiées dans les études sur les préférences déclarées existent effectivement et qu'elles ne sont pas de simples phénomènes de situations hypothétiques.