bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population Characteristics
Authors: Sinner Alejandro , Carreras Cèsar , Houten Pieter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChapter 2 analyses the demographic characteristics of the population of the province under study focusing on key aspects such as fertility, mortality, and life expectancy. The chapter draws on a tradition of demographic studies in Spain and other Roman provinces, and aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the population characteristics of Hispania Citerior/Tarraconensis. The chapter employs and combines various types of historical and archaeological evidence, including funerary inscriptions, ideal ancient demographic models, and osteological information to surpass the limitations that each of these sources present when studied in isolation. Selected case studies, including the conventus capitals, and anthropological models are used to provide suitable and representative data across the province.
Population and Urbanization in the Late Roman Period
Authors: Sinner Alejandro , Carreras Cèsar , Houten Pieter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChapter 6 highlights the deep changes in the population patterns and distribution in Hispania Tarraconensis during the Late Roman period. Some cities were abandoned during the second century ce, whereas the size and importance of most of the surviving ones decreased from the third century onwards. In the past, both factors are linked with the so-called third-century crisis. However, opposing patterns can be observed in the countryside, where luxurious villae were built in the same period, revealing a dynamic self-sufficient territory in constant evolution rather than in decline or crisis. This chapter will therefore tackle the question of whether what can be seen is an overall decline in the Iberian peninsula or rather a shift from urban to rural, with a change in the level of urbanization in the province. One of the major challenges is to quantify the ‘decline’ of an urban community. Again, the use of detailed archaeological reports of well-researched case studies provides insights into the development of the population in the late antique city.
Risk
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter presents rational risk preference based on expected utility maximization and portfolio theory. Risk neutrality, implying an indifference to risk, and risk seeking, implying a preference for risk, are possible and indeed are sometimes observed. But, most common is risk aversion, whose presence means that most people most of the time require a premium to take on risk. The trade-off between risk and return stemming from portfolio theory is central to many financial decisions. How decision makers might rationally choose the percentage of their savings to be invested in risky assets vs. conservatively investing in a risk-free asset is analyzed.
Risk Takers
Authors: Deaves Richard 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on optimal risk-taking over the life cycle and how behavior is sometimes at variance to theory. The stock market participation puzzle is the finding that many people avoid equities contrary to theory. It has been linked to high participation costs, low financial literacy, and lack of trust among other factors. Another puzzle explored is low risk-taking among the young. There is evidence that risk aversion might change after significant experiences of a positive or negative nature, such as increases in one’s wealth, disaster experience (such as living through an earthquake), or being exposed to tough economic times (such as living during the Great Depression).
Strategies to increase the coverage of influenza and pneumonia vaccination in older adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Du Peipei , Jin Shuyan , Lu Shuya , Wang Li , Ma Xiaofeng , Wang Jie , Huang Runting , Luo Qingyue , Yang Shu , Feng Xixi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
It is urgent to implement interventions to increase vaccination rates of influenza/pneumonia vaccines in older adults, yet the effectiveness of different intervention strategies has not been thoroughly evaluated.

Objective
We aimed to assess the effectiveness of intervention strategies for increasing the coverage of influenza/pneumonia vaccination in older adults.

Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, China Biology Medicine disc, China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang were searched from 1 January 2000 to 1 October 2022. RCTs that assessed any intervention strategies for increasing influenza/pneumonia vaccination coverage or willingness in older adults were included. A series of random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted by using frequentist frameworks.

Results
Twenty-two RCTs involving 385,182 older participants were eligible for further analysis. Eight types of intervention strategies were evaluated. Compared with routine notification, health education (odds ratio [OR], 1.85 [95%CI, 1.19 to 2.88]), centralised reminder (OR, 1.63 [95%CI, 1.07 to 2.47]), health education + onsite vaccination (OR, 2.89 [95%CI, 1.30 to 6.39]), and health education + centralised reminder + onsite vaccination (OR, 20.76 [95%CI, 7.33 to 58.74]) could effectively improve the vaccination rate. The evidence grade was low or very low due to the substantial heterogeneity among studies.

Conclusions
Our findings suggest that health education + centralised reminder + onsite vaccination may potentially be an effective strategy regardless of cost, but the evidence level was low. More rigorous trials are needed to identify the association between strategies and vaccination rates among older adults and to integrate such evidence into clinical care to improve vaccination rates.
Evaluation of a remote hybrid staffing model for investigational drug service pharmacists
Authors: Miller Travis , Froerer Camryn , Hill Cameron , Schmutz Howard Weston 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
This project compared the time to complete investigational prescription drug order verification by investigational drug service (IDS) pharmacists in an onsite vs offsite (hybrid) staffing model, evaluating the impact of remote work on verification time.

Methods
Parenteral IDS drug orders from August 2019 through June 2022 were analyzed. Electronic medical records were timestamped for each order, first verification, second verification, and medication administration. The project was divided into four 6-month time periods to allow for 2 independent comparisons of onsite vs hybrid staffing models. A survey was given retrospectively to IDS pharmacists for the last hybrid timeframe to assess work satisfaction and burnout.

Results
A total of 4,398 orders were evaluated. The time from order entry to first verification was 14 minutes (n = 1,248) during the first onsite time period compared to 13 minutes (n = 1,042) during the first hybrid period (P = 0.003). The time for order verification was similar between the second onsite and hybrid periods (12 minutes [n = 1,041] vs 10 minutes [n = 1,067], respectively; P &lt; 0.0001). The staff satisfaction survey for the hybrid model showed high levels of job satisfaction and no self-reported burnout.

Conclusion
The remote hybrid staffing model did not result in a meaningful change in the time from order placement to medication administration within the IDS pharmacy. Hybrid staffing also resulted in greater job satisfaction among IDS pharmacists. This study highlights the benefits of implementing remote work practices in the pharmacy practice setting.
Grape cultivars adapted to hotter, drier growing regions exhibit greater photosynthesis in hot conditions despite less drought-resistant leaves
Authors: Sinclair Gabriela , Galarneau Erin R , Hnizdor Josh F , McElrone Andrew J , Walker Michael Andrew , Bartlett Megan K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Aims
Many agricultural areas are expected to face hotter, drier conditions from climate change. Understanding the mechanisms that crops use to mitigate these stresses can guide breeding for more tolerant plant material. We tested relationships between traits, physiological function in hot conditions and historical climate associations to evaluate these mechanisms for winegrapes. We expected a more negative leaf osmotic potential at full hydration (πo), which reduces leaf turgor loss during drought, and either a metabolically cheaper or more osmoprotectant leaf chemical composition, to allow cultivars associated with hot, dry regions to maintain greater gas exchange in hot growing conditions.

Methods
We measured πo, gas exchange and leaf chemistry for seven commercially important winegrape cultivars that vary widely in historical climate associations. Vines were grown in common-garden field conditions in a hot wine-growing region (Davis, CA, USA) and measured over the hottest period of the growing season (July–September).

Key Results
The value of πo varied significantly between cultivars, and all cultivars significantly reduced πo (osmotically adjusted) over the study period, although osmotic adjustment did not vary across cultivars. The value of πo was correlated with gas exchange and climate associations, but in the direction opposite to expected. Photosynthesis and πo were higher in the cultivars associated with hotter, less humid regions. Leaf chemical composition varied between cultivars but was not related to climate associations.

Conclusions
These findings suggest that maintenance of leaf turgor is not a primary limitation on grapevine adaptation to hot or atmospherically dry growing conditions. Thus, selecting for a more negative πo or greater osmotic adjustment is not a promising strategy to develop more climate-resilient grape varieties, contrary to findings for other crops. Future work is needed to identify the mechanisms increasing photosynthesis in the cultivars associated with hot, dry regions.
Symbiotic fungi from a wild grass (Celtica gigantea) increase the growth, grain yield and quality of tritordeum under field conditions
Authors: Zabalgogeazcoa Iñigo , Arellano Juan B , Mellado-Ortega Elena , Barro Francisco , Martínez-Castilla Ana , González-Blanco Virginia , Vázquez de Aldana Beatriz R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Abstract. Plants function in symbiosis with numerous microorganisms, which might contribute to their adaptation and performance. In this study, we tested whether fungal strains in symbiotic interaction with roots of Celtica gigantea, a wild grass adapted to nutrient-poor soils in semiarid habitats, could improve the field performance of the agricultural cereal tritordeum (Triticum durum × Hordeum chilense). Seedlings of tritordeum were inoculated with 12 different fungal strains isolated from roots of Celtica gigantea that were first proved to promote the growth of tritordeum plants under greenhouse conditions. The inoculated seedlings were transplanted to field plots at two locations belonging to different climatic zones in terms of mean temperatures and precipitation in the Iberian Peninsula. Only one strain, Diaporthe iberica T6, had a significant effect on plant height, number of tillers and grain yield in one location. This result showed a substantial divergence between the results of greenhouse and field tests. In terms of grain nutritional quality, several parameters were differentially affected at both locations: Diaporthe T6, Pleosporales T7, Zygomycota T29 and Zygomycota T80 increased the content of total carotenoids, mainly lutein, in the colder location; whereas gluten proteins increased with several treatments in the warmer location. In conclusion, early inoculation of tritordeum plants with fungal symbionts had substantial beneficial effects on subsequent plant growth and development in the field. Regarding grain nutritional quality, the effect of inoculation was affected by the agroclimatic differences between both field locations.
Phylogenomics and biogeography of the feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of parrots
Authors: Johnson Kevin P , Doña Jorge 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Avian feather lice (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) have undergone morphological diversification into ecomorphs based on how they escape host preening defences. Parrot lice are one prominent example of this phenomenon, with wing, body, or head louse ecomorphs occurring on various groups of parrots. Currently defined genera of parrot lice typically correspond to this ecomorphological variation. Here we explore the phylogenetic relationships among parrot feather lice by sequencing whole genomes and assembling a target set of 2395 nuclear protein coding genes. Phylogenetic trees based on concatenated and coalescent analyses of these data reveal highly supported trees with strong agreement between methods of analysis. These trees reveal that parrot feather lice fall into two separate clades that form a grade with respect to the Brueelia-complex. All parrot louse genera sampled by more than one species were recovered as monophyletic. The evolutionary relationships among these lice showed evidence of strong biogeographic signal, which may also be related to the relationships among their hosts.
Mechanoresponsive diacetylenes and polydiacetylenes: novel polymerization and chromatic functions
Authors: Kim Yuna , Iimura Ken-ichi , Tamaoki Nobuyuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This review focuses on recent advancements regarding mechanoresponsive functions of diacetylene (DA) and polydiacetylene (PDA). Their ability to undergo pronounced topochemical polymerization and chromatic behavior variations in response to external stimuli has marked them as a promising platform for chemo- and bio-sensing over the past few decades. Notably, major advances, showcasing selective and highly sensitive mechanoresponses along with their quantitative analysis, have been achieved in recent years. The categorization includes DAs undergoing pressure-controlled crystalline transitions and polymerization, as well as PDAs exhibiting mechanochromic or mechanofluorochromic transitions. Accordingly, this review covers molecular designs allowing mechanical activation for topochemical polymerization, nanostructured or hybridized PDAs for amplifying stimulus-optical response feedback, nanoscopic analytical tools for mechanochromism, and their potential applications in mechanochemical sensing and imaging.
Recurrent immunosuppressive-responsive myocarditis in a patient with desmoplakin cardiomyopathy: a case report
Authors: McColl Hayden , Cordina Rachael , Lal Sean , Parker Matthew , Hunyor Imre , Medi Caroline , Gray Belinda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Desmoplakin (DSP) cardiomyopathy is a rare genetic condition characterized by repeated inflammatory myocardial injury and is associated with ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. Diagnosis is challenging and requires a combination of genetic testing and advanced imaging techniques.

Case summary
We present the case of a 38-year-old woman with recurrent episodes of subclinical myocarditis. Investigation using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) and genetic testing revealed a diagnosis of DSP cardiomyopathy. Her disease was initially responsive to corticosteroid therapy but quickly relapsed when treatment was tapered. Management of her condition required significant immunosuppression and the subsequent insertion of an implantable cardiac defibrillator due to her risk of sudden cardiac death.

Discussion
Cardiac MRI and genetic testing are key diagnostic techniques in the assessment of patients with recurrent myocarditis and cardiomyopathy. The management of cardiomyopathies with an inflammatory component is not completely understood; however, there is likely a key role for immune suppression therapies. Furthermore, there are several cardiomyopathy genetic variants including DSP which require careful risk stratification due to an increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
Brothers in arms: the value of coalitions in sanctions regimes
Authors: Chowdhry Sonali , Hinz Julian , Kamin Katrin , Wanner Joschka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper examines the impact of coalitions on the economic costs of the 2012 Iran and 2014 Russia sanctions. By estimating and simulating a quantitative general equilibrium trade model under different coalition setups, we (1) dissect welfare losses for sanctions senders and target; (2) compare prospective coalition partners; (3) investigate ‘optimal’ coalitions that maximize payoff from sanctions; (4) provide bounds for sanctions potential, that is, the maximum welfare change attainable when sanctions are scaled vertically up to an embargo, and horizontally up to a global regime. Relative to unilateral action, we find that coalitions magnify welfare losses imposed while their impact on domestic welfare loss incurred depends on the design and sectoral dimension of sanctions. Hypothetical cooperation of large developing economies such as China additionally raises the deterrent force of coalitions. Additionally, we quantify transfers that equalize welfare losses across coalition members to further demonstrate asymmetries in the relative economic burden of sanctions. In all scenarios, we implement a novel Bayesian bootstrap procedure that generates confidence bands for simulation outcomes.
Facilitating an ecosystem approach through open data and information packaging
Authors: Duplisea Daniel E , Roux Marie-Julie , Plourde Stéphane , Galbraith Peter S , Blais Marjolaine , Benoît Hugues P , Sainte-Marie Bernard , Lavoie Diane , Bourdages Hugo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Open data that can be easily incorporated into analyses are essential for developing ecosystem approaches to marine ecological management: a common goal in fisheries policy in many countries. Although it is not always clear what constitutes an ecosystem approach, it always involves scientists working with a large variety of data and information, including data from physical and oceanographic sampling, multispecies surveys, and other sources describing human pressures. This can be problematic for analysts because these data, even when available, are often held in disparate datasets that do not necessarily correspond at appropriate temporal and spatial scales. Data can often only be obtained by specific requests to individuals in governmental agencies who are delivering on an increasing number of data requests as interest grows in practical ecosystem approach implementation. This data access model is not sustainable and hinders the momentum for ecosystem approach development. We describe a data bundling R package that makes data and climate projections available at appropriate scales to facilitate development of an ecosystem approach for the Gulf of St. Lawrence, Canada. This approach integrates closely with the present workflow of most government analysts, academics in fisheries, and scientists in private industry. The approach conforms with open data initiatives and makes data easily available globally while relieving some of the burden of data provision that can fall to some individuals in government laboratories. The structure and approach are generic, adaptable, and transferable to other regions and jurisdictions.
Markov modeling for cost-effectiveness using federated health data network
Authors: Haug Markus , Oja Marek , Pajusalu Maarja , Mooses Kerli , Reisberg Sulev , Vilo Jaak , Giménez Antonio Fernández , Falconer Thomas , Danilović Ana , Maljkovic Filip , Dawoud Dalia , Kolde Raivo 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
To introduce 2 R-packages that facilitate conducting health economics research on OMOP-based data networks, aiming to standardize and improve the reproducibility, transparency, and transferability of health economic models.

Materials and Methods
We developed the software tools and demonstrated their utility by replicating a UK-based heart failure data analysis across 5 different international databases from Estonia, Spain, Serbia, and the United States.

Results
We examined treatment trajectories of 47 163 patients. The overall incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for telemonitoring relative to standard of care was 57 472 €/QALY. Country-specific ICERs were 60 312 €/QALY in Estonia, 58 096 €/QALY in Spain, 40 372 €/QALY in Serbia, and 90 893 €/QALY in the US, which surpassed the established willingness-to-pay thresholds.

Discussion
Currently, the cost-effectiveness analysis lacks standard tools, is performed in ad-hoc manner, and relies heavily on published information that might not be specific for local circumstances. Published results often exhibit a narrow focus, central to a single site, and provide only partial decision criteria, limiting their generalizability and comprehensive utility.

Conclusion
We created 2 R-packages to pioneer cost-effectiveness analysis in OMOP CDM data networks. The first manages state definitions and database interaction, while the second focuses on Markov model learning and profile synthesis. We demonstrated their utility in a multisite heart failure study, comparing telemonitoring and standard care, finding telemonitoring not cost-effective.
A dual population collaborative harmony search algorithm with adaptive population size for the system reliability-redundancy allocation problems
Authors: Ouyang Haibin , Liang Siqi , Li Steven , Zhou Ziyu , Zhan Zhi-Hui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Aiming at the problem that the diversity of the current double population algorithm with dynamic population size reduction cannot be guaranteed in real time in iteration and is easy to fall into local optimum, this study presents a dual population collaborative harmony search algorithm with adaptive population size (DPCHS). Firstly, we propose a dual population algorithm framework for improving the algorithm global search capability. Within this framework, the guidance selection strategy and information interaction mechanism are integrated to strengthen the competition and cooperation among populations, and achieving a good balance between exploration and exploitation. A population state assessment method is designed to monitor population changes in real-time for enhancing population real-time self-regulation. Additionally, population size adjustment approach is designed to adopted to effectively streamline population resources and improve population quality. Comprehensive experiment results demonstrate that DPCHS effectively addresses system reliability-redundancy allocation problems with superior performance and robust convergence compared with other HS variants and algorithms from different categories.