bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Distinction between hereditary and sporadic breast cancer on the basis of clinicopathological data
Authors: van der Groep P , Bouter A , van der Zanden R , Siccama I , Menko F H , Gille J J P , van Kalken C , van der Wall E , Verheijen R H M , van Diest P J 
Published: April 2006

Background:About 5% of all breast cancer cases are attributable to germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes. BRCA mutations in suspected carriers, however, may be missed, which hampers genetic counselling.Materials and methods:Different clinicopathological features were compared between 22 breast cancers from carriers of proved BRCA1 mutations and 604 cancers from sporadic controls. In addition, 5 BRCA2-related breast cancers and 66 breast cancers of untested patients at intermediate risk and 19 breast cancers of untested patients at high risk of hereditary disease on the basis of family history were evaluated.Results:A “probably sporadic” class (age ⩾54 years and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) negative; 68% of cases) with a 0% chance of BRCA1-related breast cancer containing 79% of the sporadic cases was yielded by using a decision tree with age, Ki67 and EGFR. A 75% chance of BRCA1-related breast cancer was shown by the “probably BRCA1-related” class (age <54 years and Ki67 ⩾25%; 8% of cases) with 82% of the BRCA1-related cases but only 1.4% of the sporadic cases. Most cases at intermediate or high risk of hereditary disease on the basis of family history could be classified with high probability as either probably BRCA1 related or probably sporadic.Conclusion:Breast carcinomas can be classified with a high level of certainty as sporadic or related to BRCA1 germline mutations by using a decision tree with age, Ki67 and EGFR. This can be clinically useful in mutation analysis in families with a borderline risk of hereditary disease.
Weight correction of MoM values: which method?
Authors: Reynolds T M , Vranken G , Van Nueten J 
Published: April 2006

Background:Adjusting maternal serum markers for maternal weight is considered to be a standard practice when screening for pregnancies associated with Down’s syndrome. The choice of model for taking maternal weight into account is, however, rarely explicitly evaluated.Method:The relationship between the maternal serum markers αfetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) and unconjugated oestriol (uE3), determined with the Beckman Coulter access reagents and maternal weight was investigated in a cohort of 752 Belgian women being screened for pregnancy associated with Down’s syndrome. Two different models (the log–linear equation and the linear–reciprocal equation) were used to determine the relationship between the serum markers and maternal weight.Results:A significant relationship between log10multiples of median (MoM) values and weight (kg) was obtained for all markers, and the log–linear model had higher coefficients of determination (r2) when compared with the linear–reciprocal model. Weight correction with either method achieved the optimum effect that the correction factor for a woman with a population median weight of 65.5 kg was not significantly different from 1. Simulated weight-corrected MoM values with the two approaches were compared and variation was estimated. The mean difference between the weight-corrected MoM values calculated by the two methods was 7.8% (SD 4.3%) for AFP, 14.0% (4.4%) for HCG and 5.9% (3.2%) for uE3. This resulted in a difference in risk estimate of 1.66–5.34% for Down’s syndrome owing to weight correction algorithm differences in women of median weight.Conclusion:The log–linear weight correction approach was shown to be marginally more effective by a goodness-of-fit analysis. Differences in weight-corrected MoM values estimated with the two approaches are highly significant (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon’s paired sample test), but the effect on risk calculation was not significant. It was observed that the changes in risk became significant the more the MoM correction factors deviated from 1.
Enrique Martinez Celaya's Thing and Deception: The Artistic Practice of Belief
Authors: Siedell Daniel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEnrique Martinez Celaya's art brings to mind Wittgenstein's observation that "I am not a religious man but I cannot help seeing everything from a religious point of view." This essay explores Martinez Celaya's religious point of view through an in-depth analysis of a single painting, Thing and Deception, which depicts a gigantic chocolate Easter bunny wrapped in a veil with the statement "Needed Proof " inscribed below the image. Thing and Deception incarnates. It incarnates art and it incarnates belief. The power of art relies on the belief that smelly oils, rough canvas, graphite marks, and other banal materials can provide a profound aesthetic experience. Can this image be a vehicle for a profound aesthetic experience? Can a painting of an Easter bunny be a "religious" or a "spiritual" painting? Thing and Deception narrows the gap between belief and unbelief, banal and profound, art and religion, sacred and secular, truth and superstition, revealing each to be two sides of the same precious coin.
Odilon Redon, Armand Clavaud, and Benedict Spinoza: Nature as God
Authors: Davenport Nancy 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe enigma of Odilon Redon's art and his lifelong disinterest in discussing it directly have caused his critics and admirers to range widely in their investigations across the cultural, philosophical, and mystical landscape of his time and habitats: fin de siècle France in Paris and his family home and vineyard at Peyrelebade outside Bordeaux. This essay looks closely at two lesser known aspects of his childhood and adolescence: his mystical devotion to the rituals of the Catholic faith and, contradictorily, his close friendship with an older man, the polymath Bordelais botanist, Armand Clavaud. The artist's and the scientist's shared devotion for Nature in its spiritual richness evident in their writing, their intense observation, their perceptive recording, and their shared interest in the pantheistic philosophy of Spinoza with respect to Nature and to God, offer insights into Redon's mind and art that have not been considered together before and which seem to the author to be elemental if one is to understand its power and content.
Netzwerk, Bruderschaft, Zelle Die Rolle von Geschlecht und Gewalt bei der Formierung neuer religionspolitischer Gruppen in ,Okzident' und ,Orient'
Authors: Brunotte Ulrike 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTaking as a starting point the reality of a worldwide return of religion in the cultural and political spheres, the article undertakes a comparative examination of the role of gender metaphors and performance in building of new religious groups as "imagined communities". These groups have increasingly taken the form of fundamentalist and Islamist networks, especially in non-European regions including the United States, and in the context of ,,new wars."
Holy Spirit Movements in Korea — Paternal or Maternal? Reflections on the Analysis of Ryu Tong-Shik (Yu Tong-Shik)
Authors: Kim Kirsteen 
Published: April 2006

AbstractKorean Christianity is known around the world for its amazing growth and dynamism, and this includes a thriving theological life, much of which is inaccessible without knowledge of the Korean language. Ryu Tong-Shik (Yu Tong-shik) was one of the first Koreans to attempt to trace the development of Korean theology in his seminal work, Han'guk shinhak-ŭi kwangmaek (The Mineral Veins of Korean Theology; first published 1982). This paper introduces Ryu's theological thought and investigates a particular observation he makes about two distinct patterns of Holy Spirit move-ment in the Korean church, which he designates 'paternal' and 'maternal' and identifies both before and after the liberation from Japan in 1945. The paper examines the grounds of Ryu's claim, which derive from the religious history of Korea, and suggests the relevance of this schema to other societies and to pneumatological reflection in general.
Churches as Healing Communities: Impulses from the South for an Integral Understanding of Healing
Authors: van Laar Wout 
Published: April 2006

AbstractFor several reasons in missionary ecumenical circles healing could become the new paradigm for mission. One of the main reasons is that in churches in the Southern hemisphere healing is the central focus of the local Christian community. Church life is characterized by the conviction that not the mere change of political structures will lead to a better world. Liberation from evil, forgiveness, medical care, mutual acceptance and common socio-political engagement, all are inspired by the integral message of the gospel. The author gives several examples of African Christian communities in the Netherlands that may be called healing communities and are an inspiration for new forms of living the Christian faith, badly needed for the white middle class congregations that are weakened by secularism and Enlightenment.
Development and Tests of a New Distributed-Memory MM5 Adjoint
Authors: Ruggiero Frank H. , Michalakes John , Nehrkorn Thomas , Modica George D. , Zou Xiaolei 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Updated versions of the Tangent Linear Model (TLM) and adjoint of the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) have been developed and are now available to the meteorological community. The previous version of the MM5 TLM and adjoint were designed for single-processor computer architectures, based on version 1 of MM5, and were hand coded, which made it difficult to maintain up-to-date versions of the TLM and the adjoint as MM5 evolved. The new TLM and adjoint are based on version 3 of MM5 and run efficiently on multiple-processor computers. The TLM and adjoint were developed with the aid of the Tangent Linear and Adjoint Model Compiler (TAMC) automatic code generator. While some manual intervention is still necessary, the use of the automatic code generator can significantly speed code development and lower code maintenance costs. The new TLM and adjoint contain most of the physics packages and observation operators that were available in the MM5 version 1 TLM and adjoint. The new adjoint has been combined with the MM5 version 3 nonlinear model and an updated minimization module in a four-dimensional variational data assimilation analysis configuration. Accuracy of the new TLM and adjoint has been verified by individual unit and system tests as well as comparisons with the adjoint from MM5 version 1. Timing tests showed substantial decreases in time to solution when increasing the number of processors devoted to the problem.
Molecular basis of age-associated cytokine dysregulation in LPS-stimulated macrophages
Authors: Chelvarajan R Lakshman , Liu Yushu , Popa Diana , Getchell Marilyn L , Getchell Thomas V , Stromberg Arnold J , Bondada Subbarao 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAged humans and rodents are susceptible to infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteria as a result of an inability to make antibodies to capsular polysaccharides. This is partly a result of decreased production of proinflammatory cytokines and increased production of interleukin (IL)-10 by macrophages (MΦ) from aged mice. To understand the molecular basis of cytokine dysregulation in aged mouse MΦ, a microarray analysis was performed on RNA from resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated MΦ from aged and control mice using the Affymetrix Mouse Genome 430 2.0 gene chip. Two-way ANOVA analysis demonstrated that at an overall P &lt; 0.01 level, 853 genes were regulated by LPS (169 in only the young, 184 in only the aged, and 500 in both). Expression analysis of systematic explorer revealed that immune response (proinflammatory chemokines, cytokines, and their receptors) and signal transduction genes were specifically reduced in aged mouse MΦ. Accordingly, expression of Il1 and Il6 was reduced, and Il10 was increased, confirming our previous results. There was also decreased expression of interferon-γ. Genes in the Toll-like receptor-signaling pathway leading to nuclear factor-κB activation were also down-regulated but IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 3, a negative regulator of this pathway, was increased in aged mice. An increase in expression of the gene for p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was observed with a corresponding increase in protein expression and enzyme activity confirmed by Western blotting. Low doses of a p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production by MΦ and reduced IL-10 levels, indicating that increased p38 MAPK activity has a role in cytokine dysregulation in the aged mouse MΦ.
Fabrication of Hierarchically Structured Monolithic Silicalite-1 through Steam-assisted Conversion of Macroporous Silica Gel
Authors: Lei Qian , Zhao Tianbo , Li Fengyan , Wang Yue , Zheng Mingfang 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The hierarchically structured monolithic silicalite-1 was synthesized by transforming the skeleton of the macroporous silica gel into silicalite-1 crystals through steam-assisted conversion method. It was found that the higher steam amount obviously promotes the crystallization.
Anticancer Effect of Dye-sensitized TiO2 Nanocrystals by Polychromatic Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Tokuoka Yoshikazu , Yamada Mao , Kawashima Norimichi , Miyasaka Tsutomu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
TiO2 nanocrystalline particles with monolayer adsorption of chlorin e6 trisodium salt (dye-TiO2 particles) were administered into a cancer cell, murine thymic lymphoma (EL-4). Irradiation of the polychromatic light (550–750 nm) that excites chlorin e6 significantly damaged the EL-4 cells. A higher cell-killing effect was found for the dye-TiO2 particle than for the system using chlorin e6 alone.
Gold Nanorod-sensitized Cell Death: Microscopic Observation of Single Living Cells Irradiated by Pulsed Near-infrared Laser Light in the Presence of Gold Nanorods
Authors: Takahashi Hironobu , Niidome Takuro , Nariai Ayuko , Niidome Yasuro , Yamada Sunao 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Pulsed near-infrared (near-IR) laser irradiation damaged cultured cells in the presence of phosphatidylcholine-passivated gold nanorods (PC-NRs). When single cells were irradiated with a focused pulsed near-IR laser, photoreaction of the PC-NRs caused damage within a very small area around the PC-NRs, and achieved selective cell death of single cells.
One-step Hydrothermal Synthesis of Suprastructural Rutile (α-TiO2) with Controllable Morphology in Microemulsions at Low Temperature
Authors: Li Xuebing , Zhang Yange , Li Tanwei , Zhang Zude 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Suprastructural nanorutile crystals were synthesized by thermal hydrolysis of TiCl4 in reverse microemulsion solutions at a relatively low temperature. Furthermore, the morphology of resulting materials could be controlled easily by changing the concentration of surfactant in reverse microemulsions. It also confirms the diversity of micelles in microemulsions.
Segmentierung strukturierter Oberflächen mittels variabler Beleuchtung (Segmentation of Structured Surfaces by Using Variable Illumination)
Authors: Lindner Christoph , Puente León Fernando 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Es wird ein neues Verfahren zur beleuchtungsgestützten Segmentierung strukturierter Oberflächen vorgestellt. Als Grundlage dient eine Beleuchtungsserie, d.h. eine Folge von Bildern, die mit gerichtetem Licht aus verschiedenen Richtungen aufgenommen wurden. Daraus wird für jeden Ort der Oberfläche ein Signal extrahiert, welches die Intensität des zugehörigen Bildpunktes als Funktion des Beleuchtungswinkels beschreibt. Aus diesem Signal werden dann Merkmale gewonnen, die eine punktweise Segmentierung der Oberfläche erlauben. Mit Hilfe geeigneter Modelle lässt sich das Reflexionsverhalten der Oberfläche beschreiben sowie die zugehörigen Modellparameter aus dem Intensitätssignal schätzen. Ferner wird der Einfluss der Abtastung des Beleuchtungsraumes auf die Segmentierung untersucht. Einerseits ist es wünschenswert, die Zahl der Beleuchtungswinkel möglichst klein zu halten. Andererseits wird eine Mindestanzahl von Bildern benötigt, um ein zuverlässiges Ergebnis zu erzielen. Die Leistungsfähigkeit des Ansatzes wird anhand realer Messungen demonstriert. Dabei zeigt sich, dass der größere messtechnische Aufwand durch eine deutliche Erhöhung der Ortsauflösung und der Robustheit kompensiert wird.
Einsatz des Ortsfilterprinzips bei der Messung der menschlichen Blutflussgeschwindigkeit (Exertion of the Principle of Spatial Filtering at the Measuring of the Human Blood Flow Velocity)
Authors: Menn Ingolf , Wild Walter 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Für die Untersuchung der Mikrozirkulation und insbesondere der Fließbedingungen gewinnt die kutane Kapillarmikroskopie in den letzten Jahren immer mehr an Bedeutung. Sie ist ein nichtinvasives, patientenfreundliches Verfahren, das an ausgewählten Stellen des Körpers, vorzugsweise am Nagelfalz der Finger, die Form der Kapillaren des Mikrozirkulationsgebietes sichtbar werden lässt. In diesem Artikel wird eine verbesserte Methode zur Untersuchung der Mikrozirkulation anhand der Messung der Blutzellengeschwindigkeit in den Kapillaren des Nagelfalzes vorgestellt. Die neue Sensortechnik erlaubt Messungen am Nagelfalz in Echtzeit. Um einen Zusammenhang zwischen der Hauttemperatur des Fingers und dem Blutfluss herauszustellen, wird gleichzeitig die Temperaturverteilung am Nagelfalz gemessen.
A new approach to appearance characterization
Authors: Lozano Roberto Daniel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA proposal to characterize appearance in three different categories—color, cesia, and spatial properties or spatiality—is made. Color will include whiteness and yellowing and is related to optical power spectral properties of the stimulus detected by observers. Cesia will include transparency, translucence, gloss, luster, haze, lightness, opacity, matt, etc., and is related to the properties of reflecting, transmitting, or diffusing light by objects or materials evaluated by human observation. Spatial properties are divided in two main groups: (1) modes of appearance in which color is modified depending on the angle of observation related to the light incidence angle, such as metallic, pearlescent, or iridescent materials, and (2) modes of appearance related to optical properties of surfaces or objects in which effects of ordered patterns (textures) or finishing characteristics can be described by spatial filtering (roughness, polish, distinctness of image, orange peel, etc.). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 164–167, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20205
Comparison of the metrics between the CIELAB and the DIN99 uniform color spaces using dental resin composite material values
Authors: Lee Yong‐Keun , Powers John M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe sizes for the perceptible or acceptable color difference measured with instruments vary by factors such as instrument, material, and color‐difference formula. To compensate for disagreement of the CIELAB color difference (ΔE*ab) with the human observer, the CIEDE2000 formula was developed. However, since this formula has no uniform color space (UCS), DIN99 UCS may be an alternative UCS at present. The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between the CIELAB UCS and DIN99 UCS using dental resin composites. Changes and correlations in color coordinates (CIE L*,a*, and b* versus L99, a99, and b99 from DIN99) and color differences (ΔE*ab and ΔE99) of dental resin composites after polymerization and thermocycling were determined. After transformation into DIN99 formula, the a value (red–green parameter) shifted to higher values, and the span of distribution was maintained after transformation. However, the span of distribution of b values (yellow–blue parameter) was reduced. Although color differences with the two formulas were correlated after polymerization and thermocycling (r = 0.77 and 0.68, respectively), the color coordinates and color differences with DIN99 were significantly different from those with CIELAB. New UCS (DIN99) was different from the present CIELAB UCS with respect to color coordinates (a and b) and color difference. Adaptation of a more observer‐response relevant uniform color space should be considered after visual confirmation with dental esthetic materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 168–173, 2006
A colour harmony model for two‐colour combinations
Authors: Ou Li‐Chen , Luo M. Ronnier 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis study investigates harmony in two‐colour combinations in order to develop a quantitative model. A total of 1431 colour pairs were used as stimuli in a psychophysical experiment for the visual assessment of harmony. These colour pairs were generated using 54 colours selected systematically from CIELAB colour space. During the experiment, observers were presented with colour pairs displayed individually against a medium gray background on a cathode ray tube monitor in a darkened room. Colour harmony was assessed for each colour pair using a 10‐category scale ranging from “extremely harmonious” to “extremely disharmonious.” The experimental results showed a general pattern of two‐colour harmony, from which a quantitative model was developed and principles for creating harmony were derived. This model was tested using an independent psychophysical data set and the results showed satisfactory performance for model prediction. The study also discusses critical issues including the definition of colour harmony, the relationship between harmony and pleasantness, and the relationship between harmony and order in colour. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 191–204, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20208
Media‐dependent color appearance modeling based on artificial neural networks
Authors: Chai Binghua , Liao Ningfang , Zhao Dazun , Yang Weiping 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this study, we tried to consider various color appearance factors and device characterization together by visual experiment to simplify the across‐media color appearance reproduction. Two media, CRT display (soft‐copy) and NCS color atlas (hard‐copy), were used in our study. A total of 506 sample pairs of RGB and HVC, which are the attributes of NCS color chips, were obtained according to psychophysical experiments by matching soft copy and hard copy by a panel of nine observers. In addition, a set of error back‐propagation neural networks was used to realize experimental data generalization. In order to get a more perfect generalizing effect, the whole samples were divided into four parts according to different hues and the conversion between HVC and RHVCGHVCBHVC color space was implemented. The current results show that the displays on the CRT and the color chips can match well. In this way, a CRT‐dependent reproduction modeling based on neural networks was formed, which has strong practicability and can be applied in many aspects. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 31, 218–228, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/col.20209