bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An anti‐apoptotic protein, Hax‐1, inhibits the HIV‐1 rev function by altering its sub‐cellular localization
Authors: Modem Suhasini , Reddy Thipparthi R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) Rev protein facilitates the nuclear export of viral mRNA containing the Rev response element (RRE). Although several host proteins co‐operating with Rev in viral RNA export have been reported, little is known about the innate host defense factors that Rev overcomes to mediate the nuclear export of unspliced viral mRNAs. We report here that an anti‐apoptotic protein, HS1‐associated protein X‐1 (Hax‐1), a target of HIV‐1 Vpr, interacts with Rev and inhibits its activity in RRE‐mediated gene expression. Co‐expression of Sam68 emancipates Rev activity from Hax‐1‐mediated inhibition. Hax‐1 does not bind to RRE RNA by itself, but inhibits Rev from binding to RRE RNA in vitro. The impact of Hax‐1 on Rev/RRE interactions in vitro correlates well with the reduced level of RRE‐containing mRNA in vivo. Immunofluorescence studies further reveal that Hax‐1 and Rev are cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins, respectively, when expressed independently. However, in Hax‐1 co‐expressing cells, Rev is translocated from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is co‐localized with Hax‐1 in the cytoplasm. We propose that over‐expression of Hax‐1, possibly through binding to Rev, may interfere with the stability/export of RRE‐containing mRNA and target the RNA for degradation. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:14–19, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative potential of white and red clover to modify the milk fatty acid profile of cows fed ryegrass‐based diets from zero‐grazing and silage systems
Authors: van Dorland H Anette , Kreuzer Michael , Leuenberger Hans , Wettstein Hans‐Rudolf 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Two experiments were conducted to compare the effects of white and red clover on the fatty acid composition of milk fat from cows fed ryegrass‐based diets. In experiment 1, fresh ryegrass was mixed with white or red clover (60/40, on a dry matter (DM) basis). Experiment 2 involved similar mixed diets in ensiled form, and one ryegrass‐silage diet without the addition of clover.RESULTS: Total DM intake, milk yield and milk fat content were not affected by dietary treatments. Feeding freshly cut white versus red clover supplemented diets resulted in a higher proportion of n‐3 fatty acids, especially α‐linolenic acid, in milk fat. Addition of any clover silage to ryegrass silage increased the proportions of n‐3 fatty acids in milk fat, and reduced the proportions of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), including C18:2 c9t11, and C18:1cis isomers. The n‐6/n‐3 ratio was elevated compared to the diet not supplemented with clover.CONCLUSION: White clover seemed to be slightly superior to red clover supplementation, but the effects of clover supplementation as such were generally larger than that of clover type. However, a higher concentration of n‐3 fatty acids with clover supplementation coincided with a lower concentration of CLA in the milk fat. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
A standardized sentinel lymph node enhanced pathology protocol (SEPP) in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Fortunato L. , Amini M. , Costarelli L. , Piro F.R. , Farina M. , Vitelli C.E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy allows enhanced pathology with serial sections and immunohistochemical analysis of the retrieved node. We present our experience with a simple, practical, pathology protocol.MethodsWe analysed 416 consecutive breast cancer patient who underwent SLN biopsy. These were studied with six couples of sections at three different levels, each stained with hematoxylin‐eosin (H/E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) (MNF 116).ResultsWith conventional analysis the SLN was positive in 106/416 cases (25%).The addition of serial sections, according to the protocol, allowed diagnoses of micrometastases (MICRO) (n = 22) or isolated tumor cells (ITC) (n = 38) or MICRO (n = 1) in 51/416 patients (14.6%). Specifically, the diagnosis was undertaken at level I (8.9%), level II (4%), or level III (1,6%). The incidence of MICRO or ITC was not different in T1 and T2 cases (13% vs. 15%, P = 0.7). The addition of the third level of analysis added very little both in T1 and T2 cancers (1.3% vs. 3.8%, P = 0.1).ConclusionsSerial sectioning of the SLN allows diagnosis of MICRO and ITC in a significant percentage of cases. Adoption of our protocol seems practical, as the incidence of level III positivity is extremely low, particularly in T1 cancers, and additional sections would be, therefore, unlikely useful. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;96:470–473. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary non‐hodgkin's lymphomas of the major salivary glands
Authors: Roh Jong‐Lyel , Huh Jooryung , Suh Cheolwon 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe clinical course of primary salivary gland lymphomas has received little attention.MethodsWe retrospectively assessed 20 patients with previously untreated non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) and histologically confirmed as having parenchymal involvement of the salivary glands. The clinical presentation, therapy, and outcomes were compared between the 12 patients with mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas and the 8 patients with other NHLs.ResultsAt diagnosis, the 12 patients with MALT lymphoma had a greater mean age and longer duration than did the 8 patients with other NHLs (P < 0.05). Eight of the 12 MALT lymphoma patients had recurrent episodes of salivary gland swelling and 5 had myoepithelial sialadenitis, Sjögren syndrome, or gastric MALT lymphoma; these were not observed in the 8 other NHL patients. Compared with the latter group, the MALT lymphoma group had significantly greater five‐year relapse‐free (37.5% vs. 91.7%, P < 0.05) and disease‐free (35.0% vs. 90.9%, P < 0.05) survival rates. However, two MALT lymphoma patients with high‐grade transformation had recurrences beyond the head and neck region.ConclusionUnderstanding the distinct clinical presentation and course of primary salivary gland lymphomas may help guide the proper diagnosis and management of patients with these tumors. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:35–39. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Screening for basal marker expression is necessary for decision of therapeutic strategy for triple‐negative breast cancer
Authors: Sasa Mitsunori , Bando Yoshimi , Takahashi Masako , Hirose Toshiyuki , Nagao Taeko 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundTriple‐negative breast cancer (estrogen receptor‐negative, progesterone receptor‐negative and Her2‐negative) can be classified into two subtypes: basal and non‐basal phenotype. Among these subtypes the basal phenotype is associated with poor outcome. Ordinarily, clinicopathological testing involves only screening for ER, PgR and Her2, and for this reason the therapeutic approach that is decided for triple‐negative disease is usually the same regardless of the subtype.MethodsImmunohistochemical staining was performed for the CK5/6, CK14, and CK17 basal markers in 66 triple‐negative patients for the purpose of classifying as basal or non‐basal phenotype, and the clinicopathology was investigated.ResultsForty (60.1%) were the basal phenotype. Compared with the non‐basal phenotype, the basal phenotype lesions were significantly larger in diameter, higher incidences of EGFR‐positive and a high nuclear grade. In the node‐negative group the basal phenotype clearly showed those same clinicopathological differences and a higher incidence of distal recurrence compared with the non‐basal phenotype.ConclusionsAlthough there was the small number of the patients, this study results show that it is important to perform basal marker immunohistochemical staining and classify lesions as the basal or the non‐basal phenotype, since this will aid in deciding the therapeutic strategy for triple‐negative breast cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:30–34. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic significance of cyclooxygenase‐2 expression and nuclear p53 accumulation in patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Lim Sung‐Chul , Lee Tae‐Bum , Choi Cheol‐Hee , Ryu So‐Yeon , Min Young‐Don , Kim Kyung‐Jong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundCyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 is believed to be an important enzyme related to the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC). p53 has been reported to be a negative regulator of COX‐2 expression in in vitro studies. The aim of this study was to investigate COX‐2 expression and its relationship with nuclear p53 accumulation and their prognostic significance in CRC.MethodsCOX‐2 expression and nuclear p53 accumulation were examined by immunohistochemistry in 231 sporadic CRCs. Their prognostic significance and interrelationship were statistically evaluated.ResultsWe found 42.4% of the 231 cases of CRCs with positive COX‐2 expression. Nuclear p53 accumulation was observed in 46.8% of cases. There was no significant correlation between COX‐2 expression and nuclear p53 accumulation. COX‐2 expression had no correlation with patient survival, whereas nuclear p53 accumulation was significantly correlated with poor patient survival on univariate and multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThese results suggest that COX‐2 expression does not play a role in the prognosis of CRC and COX‐2 expression is not affected by the status of nuclear p53 accumulation in CRC. In addition, our findings support that nuclear p53 accumulation may be a useful prognostic marker for patients with CRC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:51–56. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retention characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbons on silica and aminopropyl‐modified monolithic columns in normal‐phase HPLC
Authors: Sutton Paul A. , Nesterenko Pavel N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA suite of aromatic hydrocarbons were used to investigate the influence of structure upon retention in normal‐phase HPLC mode using bare silica and aminopropyl‐modified silica Chromolith type monolithic columns. The aminopropyl‐modified silica monolith was used to separate a complex petroleum fraction based on double bond equivalence.
Preparation and evaluation of rigid porous polyacrylamide‐based strong cation‐exchange monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Dong Jing , Ou Junjie , Dong Xiaoli , Wu Renan , Ye Mingliang , Zou Hanfa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA CEC monolithic column with strong cation‐exchange (SCX) stationary phase based on hydrophilic monomers was prepared by in situ polymerization of acrylamide, methylenebisacrylamide, and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid (AMPS) in a complete organic binary porogenic solvent consisting of DMSO and dodecanol. The sulfonic groups provided by the monomer AMPS on the surface of the stationary phase generate an EOF from anode to cathode, and serve as an SCX stationary phase at the same time. The monolithic stationary phase exhibited normal‐phase chromatographic behavior for neutral analytes. For charged analytes, electrostatic interaction/repulsion with the monolith was observed. The strong SCX monolithic column has been successfully employed in the electrochromatographic separation of basic drugs, peptides, and alkaloids extracted from natural products.
The dynamics of daily retail gasoline prices
Authors: Davis Michael C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPrevious research has analyzed the behavior of retail gasoline stations in how they adjust their prices. In this paper we analyze the daily movements in prices of four retail gasoline stations located in Newburgh, New York. We find some evidence to support the notion that the behavior is explained by menu costs. There is substantial evidence that the firms adjust their prices asymmetrically, being more inclined to increase than to decrease prices. We conclude that the pricing behavior is being determined by a combination of search costs for the consumers and menu costs for the producers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Follow the leader: price change timing in Internet‐based selling
Authors: Kauffman Robert J. , Wood Charles A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractInternet technologies should lessen information asymmetry, prompting competitive price reactions, but this does not seem to be happening in Internet‐based selling. We study empirical regularities of price change timing for music CD vendors and booksellers to assess several theoretical explanations. Our sample includes 123, 680 daily prices for 169 products and 53 firms. Bertrand competition is insufficient to explain our observation that sellers do not shift prices this way. Tacitly collusive responses to competitors' price changes are observed rather than price changes solely in response to demand or cost shifts as would be expected with Bertrand competition. We find evidence of business rules for strategic pricing associated with tacitly collusive pricing and Edgeworth competition. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Price rigidity and flexibility: new empirical evidence
Authors: Levy Daniel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe marketplace, along with its price system, is the single most important institution in a western‐style free enterprise economy. The ability of prices to adjust to changes in supply and demand conditions enables the market to function efficiently, and that ability lies behind the magical invisible hand mechanism. The behaviour of prices and in particular the ability of prices to adjust to changes in market conditions, therefore, have fundamental implications for many key issues in many areas of both microeconomics as well as macroeconomics. It is, therefore, critical to study and understand whether there are barriers to price adjustments, what are the nature of these barriers, how the barriers lead to price rigidity, what are the possible implications of these rigidities, etc. This introductory essay briefly summarizes the 14 empirical studies of price rigidity that are included in this special issue. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Information Searching Tactics of Web Searchers
Authors: Zhang Mimi , Jansen Bernard J. , Spink Amanda 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper examines patterns and features of query reformulation within a Web searching session. We pursued this study in response to the growing interest in the area of interactions during information searching. In this study, we randomly selected a stratified sample of Web sessions containing 8,030 queries from an AltaVista (www.altavista.com) transaction log. Then, we analyzed these sessions for query reformulation tactics that the searcher employed. Our results show that changing the query topic was the primary means to modify queries; and most of the time the users were inclined to modify nouns or subtract some types of words when changes were made. The searchers appear to know how to increase and decrease the coverage (i.e., number of results retrieved) of queries. We believe our study can benefit researchers in terms of understanding people's behavior when interacting with Web search engines. It also could benefit search engine providers in terms of improving their services.
Digital Images in United States and Canadian Dental Education: The Role of Delivery Medium and Metadata
Authors: Paling Stephen , Miszkiewicz Melissa , Abbas June 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis is the first of two papers that will describe the outcome of a needs assessment that focused on the image‐related needs of dental faculty members and clinicians. The needs assessment was conducted in 2005 at the University at Buffalo School of Dental Medicine. It addressed two specific goals: to begin examining whether online delivery of digitized dental images would match the needs of dental faculty members and clinicians, and to begin examining what type of image metadata would best match the needs of those faculty members and clinicians.
A Goal‐based Classification of Web Information Tasks
Authors: Kellar Melanie , Watters Carolyn , Shepherd Michael 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWhile researchers have been studying user activity on the Web since its inception, there remains a lack of understanding of the high level tasks in which users engage on the Web. We have recently conducted a field study in which participants were asked to annotate all web usage with a task description and categorization. Based on our analysis of participants' recorded tasks during the field study, as well as previous research, we have developed a goal‐based classification of information tasks which describes user activities on the Web.
Knowledge sharing in online communities of practice: Digital trends
Authors: Hara Noriko , Shachaf Pnina , Haigh Thomas , Mackey Thomas P. , Sandusky Robert J. , Davenport Elisabeth 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWith the advent of the Internet, there has been an increase in interest in examining how information and communication technologies might support distributed communities of practice (Wenger, 2001). However, empirical studies of online communities of practice (CoPs) are sparse. Moreover, the majority of these studies are conducted within organizational context and only a few recent studies of CoPs crosses organizational boundaries. To address this disparity, this panel will compare and contrast different types of online CoPs that cross organizational boundaries.The panelists will present four case studies of online CoPs: College students, frequent flyer mileage collectors, virtual reference librarians, webmasters, and open source software developers. Each presenter will share findings from their empirical studies of specific online CoPs and will discuss implications and challenges for research and practice. Noriko Hara and Pnina Shachaf will aim to empirically ground a typology of online CoPs (Debé, Bourhis, & Jacob, 2003), which was used to analyze leadership in online CoPs (Bourhis, Debe, & Jacob, 2005). They will use this typology to analyze variations of each of the dimensions of two online CoPs. Thomas Haigh will present a study of frequent flyer online communities and how they share informal knowledge and empower themselves. Thomas Mackey will present a study of students using blogs in a class setting and discuss the impact of social software on authorship and collaboration in online communities. Robert Sandusky will present a study of knowledge sharing in an open‐source software project's bug report repository. The panel moderator, Elisabeth Davenport, is an expert in social informatics and has published in the area of online communities of practice. The panel as a whole will demonstrate how the five cases that are described in the four presentations represent variations of formality of CoPs‐how formal and informal CoPs are created and institutionalized. In addition, the panelists will discuss how a typology of CoP is influenced by formality and sources of power.
eBat: A Technology‐enriched Life Sciences Research Community
Authors: Nordt Marlo , Meisner Josh , Dongaonkar Ranjeet , Quick Christopher , Gatson Sarah , Karadkar Unmil P. , Furuta Richard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe are leveraging Web‐based technology to create an online community for Life Science research. Our prototype community for cardiovascular research with live bats, called eBat, consists of local researchers as well as remote collaborators. The eBat project offers scientists and students a remote‐controlled microscope for conducting experiments, a message board and a chat system for scheduled as well as spontaneous communication, and an online peer‐reviewed manuscript repository. In this paper, we report our observations of the use of the eBat infrastructure by local researchers over a period of six months. Resident researchers quickly adopted the eBat infrastructure. eBat technology has now become an indispensable part of the local research group and is used extensively for co‐ordination, communication, and awareness. eBat complements face‐to‐face interactions well and has resulted in improved communication amongst lab members. We are currently exploring the extension of eBat technology to include distant researchers in live cardiovascular research experiments. We discuss our initial experiences with adapting the eBat infrastructure for research‐at‐a‐distance and the lessons learned from these initial interactions.
Developing a Meaningful Digital Self‐Archiving Model: Archival Theory vs. Natural Behavior in the Minds of Carolina Research Project
Authors: Winget Megan A. , Ramirez Marisa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper will review the findings from a research project concluded in 2004, which had the primary goal of learning more about the natural behaviors of people choosing materials for inclusion in a digital archive. Project participants, retiring faculty at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill had a number of tasks to perform. They had to 1) survey and choose the materials to include in the archive; 2) develop a “collection development plan” defining the nature of their materials, their intended audience, and the organizational scheme of their collection; 3) provide materials for digitization; 4) supply metadata for the digitized materials; and 5) write a “finding aid” for their collection. The research team digitized the materials and developed a demonstration repository website for the participants. This paper will focus on the disconnect between traditional archival theory and the users' natural behavior; and the challenges of developing an archival collection given current digital repository software.
Patterns of research collaboration in a digital library for Economics
Authors: Bakkalbasi Nisa , Krichel Thomas 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRePEc (Research Papers in Economics) has been conceived and developed to promote scholarly communication and to enhance the dissemination of research findings in the field of economics. RePEc offers the RePEc Author Service (RAS) where economics authors can claim authorship of the research papers that are described in RePEc archives. The data from this service forms a high‐quality authorship database. We investigate the structure of research collaborations within RePEc by applying social network analysis to the co‐authorship network formed by the RAS registrants. We perform a component size analysis and calculate centrality metrics. Our findings imply that the RAS registrant population is made up of highly active academics that are well connected to each other. In addition, RAS registrants appear to have a broad range of coauthors, with most individuals having only a few coauthors, whereas a few have many. We compare and contrast results from a number of recent studies of similar scope on co‐authorship networks.
Planning personal projects and organizing personal information
Authors: Jones William , Bruce Harry , Foxley Austin , Munat Charles F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn a given week, an active person may be working on, or at least thinking about, several different projects. Some are work‐related (“prepare annual report”); others are not (“plan family ski vacation”). Projects have duration (several days to several months) and a structure that includes basic tasks (“book plane tickets”) and subprojects (“decide on hotel”). This article describes exploratory research that looks at the kinds of projects people manage in their daily lives, the problems they encounter and the kinds of support people need to manage better. The personal project is advanced as a tractable unit of analysis for the study of personal information management (PIM). Over time, a personal project often involves several forms of information (paper and digital documents, email, web pages, handwritten notes, etc.) and several supporting applications. People face problems of information fragmentation that are more widely experienced in their practice of PIM. A Project Plannerprototype explores an exciting possibility that an effective, integrative organization of project‐related information can emerge as a natural by‐product of efforts to plan and structure the project.