bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic K‐L analysis of coherent structures based on DNS of turbulent Newtonian and viscoelastic flows (Poster Presentation)
Authors: Samanta Gaurab , Oxberry Geoffrey , Beris Antony N. , Handler Robert , Housiadas Kostas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEarlier work [1, 2], using Karhunen‐Loeve (K‐L) analysis, demonstrated a dramatic enhancement of the importance of large scale motions with increased viscoelasticity and an equally dramatic decrease in the K‐L dimension of the flow (an order of magnitude) as viscoelasticity increases versus similar Newtonian results. In this work we look into dynamics of viscoelastic turbulent flows by projecting the DNS data in time into a selected set of K‐L modes. The dynamics of the coherent structures embedded in turbulent flows were investigated through calculations of mode auto and cross correlations. This allows for a more systematic examination of the role of large‐scale structures in turbulence and drag reduction. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
International duopoly with unknown costs
Authors: Ferreira Fernanda A. , Pinto Alberto A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe consider two firms, located in different countries, selling the same homogeneous good in both countries. In each country there is a non negative tariff on imports of the good produced in the other country. We suppose that each firm has two different technologies, and uses one of them according to a certain probability distribution. The use of either one or the other technology affects the unitary production cost. We analyse the effect of the production costs uncertainty on the profits of the firms and also on the welfare of the governments. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Chemical modification of zeolite beta surface and its effect on gas permeation of mixed matrix membrane
Authors: Sirikittikul Doungporn , Fuongfuchat Asira , Booncharoen Warintorn 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemical modification of zeolite beta (BEA) with a series of organosilane compounds [R(CH3)nSiX(3‐n), where X is a chloro or alkoxy group with n = 0 and 2, and R is an alkyl chain varying from CH3 to C18H37] was investigated. The results of FT‐IR and 29Si CP/MAS NMR indicated that the alkylsilyl species were covalently anchored onto the BEA surface. Grafting density of the alkylsilyl species was determined by CHN elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Evidently, it can be adjusted by varying the reaction time and organosilane concentration. The reaction kinetics was found to resemble the kinetics of the well‐known monolayer formation, i.e. SAMs. The kinetic plot illustrated two distinct regions, a rapid attachment followed by a gradual increase of grafting density. The degradation temperature at maximum rate (Tmax) of the surface‐grafted BEA was observed in the range of 440–460°C. The modified BEA showed surface hydrophobic characteristic by having a strong affinity to the non‐polar n‐heptane. Good particle distribution and strong interfacial adhesion were observed in the mixed matrix membranes of the BEA grafted with C3H7 to C18H37. The grafted chain length was found to have an effect on gas permeability. Carbon dioxide, oxygen, and ethylene permeabilities of the membranes containing the unmodified BEA were comparable to those of the CH3Si‐grafted BEA. Interestingly, the membranes containing the BEA grafted with C3H7 to C18H37 species showed enhancement of the carbon dioxide permeability. Affinity of the long alkyl chain to carbon dioxide probably caused the increase of carbon dioxide permeability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted extraction of rutin and quercetin from the stalks of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Yi , Su Ping , Guo Zhenku 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIntroductionEuonymus alatus (Thunb.) has been used as one of traditional Chinese medicines for several thousand years. Conventional methods for the extraction of rutin and quercetin from E. alatus, including solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction and heat reflux extraction are characterised by long extraction times and consumption of large amounts of solvents.ObjectiveTo develop a simple and rapid method for the extraction of rutin and quercetin from the stalks of Euonymus alatus (Thunb.) Sieb using microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) technique.MethodologyMAE experiments were performed with a multimode microwave extraction system. The experimental variables that affect the MAE process, such as the concentration of ethanol solution, extractant volume, microwave power and extraction time were optimised. Yields were determined by HPLC. The results were compared with that obtained by classical Soxhlet and ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE).ResultsFrom the optimised conditions for MAE of rutin and quercetin it can be concluded that the solvent is 50% ethanol (v/v) solution, the extractant volume is 40 mL, microwave power is 170 W and irradiation time is 6 min. Compared with Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonic extraction, microwave extraction is a rapid method with a higher yield and lower solvent consumption.ConclusionThe results showed that MAE can be used as an efficient and rapid method for the extraction of the active components from plants. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The proteome of rat olfactory sensory cilia
Authors: Mayer Ulrich , Küller Alexander , Daiber Philipp C. , Neudorf Inge , Warnken Uwe , Schnölzer Martina , Frings Stephan , Möhrlen Frank 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOlfactory sensory neurons expose to the inhaled air chemosensory cilia which bind odorants and operate as transduction organelles. Odorant receptors in the ciliary membrane activate a transduction cascade which uses cAMP and Ca2+ for sensory signaling in the ciliary lumen. Although the canonical transduction pathway is well established, molecular components for more complex aspects of sensory transduction, like adaptation, regulation, and termination of the receptor response have not been systematically identified. Moreover, open questions in olfactory physiology include how the cilia exchange solutes with the surrounding mucus, assemble their highly polarized set of proteins, and cope with noxious substances in the ambient air. A specific ciliary proteome would promote research efforts in all of these fields. We have improved a method to detach cilia from rat olfactory sensory neurons and have isolated a preparation specifically enriched in ciliary membrane proteins. Using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis, we identified 377 proteins which constitute the olfactory cilia proteome. These proteins represent a comprehensive data set for olfactory research since more than 80% can be attributed to the characteristic functions of olfactory sensory neurons and their cilia: signal processing, protein targeting, neurogenesis, solute transport, and cytoprotection. Organellar proteomics thus yielded decisive information about the diverse physiological functions of a sensory organelle.
Proteomic identification of molecular targets of gambogic acid: Role of stathmin in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Wang Xin , Chen Yangchao , Han Quan‐bin , Chan Chu‐yan , Wang Hua , Liu Zheng , Cheng Christopher Hon‐ki , Yew David T. , Lin Marie C.M. , He Ming‐liang , Xu Hong‐xi , Sung Joseph J.Y. , Kung Hsiang‐fu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGamboge has been developed as an injectable drug for cancer treatment in China. In this study, the inhibition ratio and their IC50 values of two derivatives from Gamboge in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were determined. Proteomic approach was employed to reveal the target proteins of these two derivatives, gambogic acid (GA), and gambogenic acid (GEA). HCC cells were cultured under varied conditions with the addition of either GA or GEA. Twenty differentially expressed proteins were identified and the four most distinctly expressed proteins were further validated by Western blotting. GA and GEA revealed inhibitory effects on HCC cell proliferation. The expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase 4 inhibitor A and guanine nucleotide‐binding protein β subunit 1 were upregulated by both xanthones, whilst the expression of 14‐3‐3 protein sigma and stathmin 1 (STMN1) were downregulated. Furthermore, overexpression of STMN1 in HCC cells decreased their sensitivity, whilst small interfering RNAs targeting STMN1 enhanced their sensitivity to GA and GEA. In conclusion, our study suggested for the first time that STMN1 might be a major target for GA and GEA in combating HCC. Further investigation may lead to a new generation of anticancer drugs exerting synergistic effect with conventional therapy, thus to promote treatment efficacy.
On the mechanisms of cadmium stress alleviation in Medicago truncatula by arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis: A root proteomic study
Authors: Aloui Achref , Recorbet Ghislaine , Gollotte Armelle , Robert Franck , Valot Benoît , Gianinazzi‐Pearson Vivienne , Aschi‐Smiti Samira , Dumas‐Gaudot Eliane 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis belongs to the strategies plants have developed to cope with adverse environmental conditions including contamination by heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd). In the present work, we report on the protective effect conferred by AM symbiosis to the model legume Medicago truncatula grown in presence of Cd, and on the 2‐D‐based proteomic approach further used to compare the proteomes of M. truncatula roots either colonised or not with the AM fungus Glomus intraradices in Cd‐free and Cd‐contaminated substrates. The results indicated that at the proteome level, 9 out of the 15 cadmium‐induced changes in nonmycorrhizal roots were absent or inverse in those Cd‐treated and colonized by G. intraradices, including the G. intraradices‐dependent down‐accumulation of Cd stress‐responsive proteins. Out of the twenty‐six mycorrhiza‐related proteins that were identified, only six displayed changes in abundance upon Cd exposure, suggesting that part of the symbiotic program, which displays low sensitivity to Cd, may be recruited to counteract Cd toxicity through the mycorrhiza‐dependent synthesis of proteins having functions putatively involved in alleviating oxidative damages, including a cyclophilin, a guanine nucleotide‐binding protein, an ubiquitin carboxyl‐terminal hydrolase, a thiazole biosynthetic enzyme, an annexin, a glutathione S‐transferase (GST)‐like protein, and a S‐adenosylmethionine (SAM) synthase.
Formation of Jets by Shaped Charges with Metal Powder Liners
Authors: Zygmunt Bogdan , Wilk Zenon 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe characteristics of shaped charges with metal powder liners for perforating borehole pipes are described. The liners were manufactured using powder metallurgy technology. Two types of powder liners were made: a homogeneous one made of copper powder and a heavy one made of copper and tungsten powder blend. Laminar liners consisting of two layers made from powders of different densities were also examined. X‐ray pulse technique was applied to research the process of jet stream formation. Radiograms revealed the discontinuous (discrete) structure of jets formed from powder liners. The corresponding computer simulations of jet formation are presented.
Novel γ‐ and X‐ray scintillator research: on the emission wavelength, light yield and time response of Ce3+ doped halide scintillators
Authors: Birowosuto M. D. , Dorenbos P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis work reviews the scintillation properties of many Ce3+ doped halide compounds studied during the past two decades with the aim to find new relationships between scintillation performance and materials properties. Three major types of compounds are reviewed; lanthanide trihalides LnX3, (pseudo)‐elpasolites M2ALnX6 and ternary halides Am Lnn Xo where M and A are alkali cations, Ln is a rare earth cation and X is a halide anion. We will address the relationship of the emission wavelength of Ce3+ and its Stokes shift with the structure, type of anions, coordination number, band gap etc. A comparison between the observed absolute scintillation yield with the fundamental limits will be made. Scintillation losses due to thermal ionization processes and the relationship between Stokes shift, self absorption, and decay time lengthening are treated. Various trends will be identified that may guide us in the continuing quest for better scintillators. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Methane gas sensor application of cuprous oxide synthesized by thermal oxidation
Authors: Jayatissa Ahalapitiya H. , Samarasekara P. , Kun Guo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractApplication of cuprous oxide (Cu2O) thin films for methane gas sensors was investigated. The Cu2O films were prepared by the thermal oxidation of Cu films under reduced partial pressure of oxygen. The XRD and AFM measurements were performed to investigate crystal structure and the surface properties of synthesized Cu2O films. According to the XRD patterns, the films had a preferred (111) orientation. Sensors were fabricated using synthesized Cu2O films and their sensitivity, response times, and recovery times were measured at different temperatures for different methane concentrations. The sensor exhibited a high sensitivity, a fast response time, and a fast recovery time for methane gas at an operation temperature as low as 180 °C. The Cu2O has unique characteristics, such as has p‐type conduction, high conductivity, and high carrier mobility. The fast and high response of Cu2O sensor for methane was explained as due to the increase of resistance in intrinsic p‐type Cu2O in the presence of methane gas. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth of manganese silicide layers on Si substrates using MnCl2 source
Authors: Junhua Hu , Kurokawa Takanori , Suemasu Takashi , Takahara Shogo , Itakura Masaru , Tatsuoka Hirokazu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractManganese silicide layers were grown on Si(111) substrates by exposure of the Si substrates to MnCl2 vapor. The thermal treatment temperature of 500 °C provided the appropriate growth conditions to form the Mnx Siy (y /x ∼ 2) similar to MnSi1.7 phase. The epitaxial Mnx Siy (y /x ∼ 2) islands grew during the initial growth stage. As the heat treatment time increased, the epitaxial layer became continuous and covered the entire Si(111) substrate surface at the appropriate heat treatment temperature of 500 °C, even though the additional growth of the Mnx Siy (y /x ∼ 1) deposit similar to MnSi phase occurred when the thickness of Mn‐silicide layers exceeded the limited layer thickness. These results encouraged us to grow large area Mnx Siy (y /x ∼ 2) layers on Si substrates using this simple growth technique. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Highly efficient broad‐area blue and white light‐emitting diodes on bulk GaN substrates
Authors: Vampola Kenneth J. , Fellows Natalie N. , Masui Hisashi , Brinkley Stuart E. , Furukawa Motoko , Chung Roy B. , Sato Hitoshi , Sonoda Junichi , Hirasawa Hirohiko , Iza Michael , DenBaars Steven P. , Nakamura Shuji 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHighly efficient light emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak emission wavelengths of nominally 450 nm were grown, fabricated and tested. The growth was performed by metal organic chemical vapour deposition. The LEDs were grown on c ‐plane (0001) bulk GaN substrates and fabricated into broad‐area devices with active area 0.01 cm2. Considerations were made to improve extraction efficiency, including transparent contacts, suspended mirror‐less packaging and encapsulation in a truncated pyramid optic.These factors resulted in LEDs with high peak external quantum efficiency and reduced efficiency droop. The output power and external quantum efficiency at 20 mA were 38.5 mW and 68.9%. At 100 mA, they were 170 mW and 60.9%. White LEDs were fabricated by application of a yellow phosphor to the blue LEDs. The white LED luminous flux and efficacy at 20 mA was 9.6 lm and 128 lm/W. The chromaticity coordinates and correlated colour temperature were (0.348 K, 0.378 K) and 4998 K. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Growth behavior and microstructure of ZnO epilayer on γ‐LiAlO2(100) substrate by chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Chang Liuwen , Chou Mitch M. C. , Hwang Teng‐Hsing , Chen Chun‐Wei 
Published: December 2008

AbstractLow lattice‐mismatched γ‐LiAlO2(100) substrates were employed to grow ZnO epitaxial films by chemical vapor deposition. The influence of growth temperature on growth behavior of ZnO was investigated. Results indicated that the low lattice‐matched (10$ \bar 1 $0) crystallites nucleate on substrate at all growth temperatures employed. However, a second type of crystallites having an (0001) orientation can also nucleate on substrate at low growth temperature of 575 °C and 640 °C. The growth rate of the later crystallite is, however, higher than that of the (10$ \bar 1 $0) one and finally results in a single crystalline ZnO film having an [0001] azimuthal orientation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Properties and prospects of blue–green emitting II–VI‐based monolithic microcavities
Authors: Sebald K. , Kruse C. , Wiersig J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper we review basic optical properties of II–VI‐based monolithic microcavities with quantum wells or quantum dots embedded. The epitaxial growth of high‐reflectivity distributed Bragg reflectors for the blue–green spectral range is discussed since they are a key component for micropillar cavities. The pillar structured samples reveal three‐dimensionally confined optical modes with high quality factors and small mode volumes making them appropriate to investigate cavity quantum electrodynamic effects. The II–VI material system is very promising for the utilization of this effect for technological applications due to the large exciton oscillator strength and carrier confinement. The theoretical methods needed to describe light–matter interaction in such systems is reviewed. For the quantum well based cavities single‐mode stimulated emission at near room temperature is realized. Furthermore, the relatively large cavity polariton stability makes it possible to observe polariton condensation in this kind of samples. For the quantum dot based microcavities a strong enhancement of the emission intensity for quantum dots being in spectral resonance with the cavity modes is observed. To realize the necessary spectral matching a target fine tuning can be achieved by temperature variation or by post fabrication focused ion beam milling. A pronounced enhancement of the spontaneous emission rate of quantum dots coupled to the discrete optical modes of the cavities is demonstrated by the occurrence of the Purcell effect. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An empirical model for bulk modulus and cohesive energy of rocksalt‐, zincblende‐ and chalcopyrite‐structured solids
Authors: Verma A. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper we present empirical models for ground‐state properties such as bulk modulus and cohesive energy of rocksalt‐, zincblende‐ and chalcopyrite‐structured solids. The bulk moduli and cohesive energy of these solids exhibit a linear relationship when plotted on a log–log scale versus the nearest‐neighbor distance d (Å), but fall on different straight lines according to the product of valence electrons of the solids. We have applied the proposed relations to alkali halides, alkaline‐earth chalcogenides, binary and ternary tetrahedral semiconductors and found a better agreement with experimental data as compared to the values evaluated by earlier researchers. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of hydrostatic pressure on the conduction‐electron g ‐factor in GaAs–Ga1–xAlx As quantum wells
Authors: Porras‐Montenegro N. , Raigoza N. , Reyes‐Gómez E. , Duque C. A. , Oliveira L. E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effects of hydrostatic pressure on the conduction‐electron effective Landé g ‐factor in semiconductor GaAs–Ga1–x Alx As quantum wells under growth‐direction and in‐plane magnetic fields are studied. Calculations are performed by using the Ogg–McCombe effective Hamiltonian in order to take into account the non‐parabolicity and anisotropy of the conduction band. Numerical results are obtained as functions of the ap‐ plied hydrostatic pressure and magnetic fields. Present results are in quite good agreement with experimental measurements in GaAs–Ga1–x Alx As quantum wells in the absence of hydrostatic pressure, and indicate new possibilities for manipulating the electron‐effective g ‐factor in semiconductor low‐dimensional systems. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Unusual B1–B2 transition in PbSe under high pressure: evidence for two intermediate phases; transport, structural, and optical properties
Authors: Ovsyannikov Sergey V. , Shchennikov Vladimir V. , Manakov Andrei Y. , Likhacheva Anna Y. , Ponosov Yuri S. , Mogilenskikh Viktor E. , Vokhmyanin Alexander P. , Ancharov Alexey I. , Skipetrov Eugenii P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe report the results of a study of the thermoelectric power (Seebeck effect), the electrical resistivity, X‐ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy under high pressure (P) to 15 GPa for binary and tin‐doped lead selenide (PbSe and Pb1–x Snx Se (x = 0.125)). The gathered data were inconsistent with previous models suggesting only one intermediate phase between the ambient NaCl (B1) lattice and a high‐pressure metal CsCl (B2) lattice. Furthermore, the data hint at the existence of two competing intermediate phases. From the thermopower we established that a phase that is characterized by n‐type conductivity is dominating, while the other one – of p‐type conductivity is probably optional. The electrical conductivity in both of the phases is semiconducting. In the X‐ray diffraction studies in one of the three investigated samples of Pb0.875Sn0.125Se we could refine a pattern of the intermediate phase taken at ∼9.5 GPa in the Cmcm space group. This corresponds to the symmetry of earlier proposed structural types of TlI and CrB. The patterns of the intermediate phase in the two other samples show additional strong reflexes that are not related to either the NaCl or the CsCl lattices. This presents evidence of the presence of one more undetermined phase. The Raman spectra of the intermediate phase showed a dependence on a pressure‐transmitting medium (methanol‐ethanol or KCl). The pressure‐driven NaCl → CsCl transition and a pressure dependence of the semiconductor energy gap of PbSe are compared with those of other lead salts, namely, PbTe and PbS (galena). It is surmised that there is no interrelation between the closure of the energy gap at the NaCl phase and the phase transition to the intermediate phase. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)