bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ultraviolet Irradiation Inhibits Killer‐Target Cell Interaction
Authors: Kobata Tetsuji , Ikeda Hisami , Ohnishi Yoshiko , Urushibara Noriko , Nakata Sayuri Otsuka , Takahashi Tsuneo A. , Sekiguchi Sadayoshi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effects of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation on cell‐mediated cytolysis were examined in order to clarify the inhibitory mechanisms of allosensitization by UV irradiation. UV‐B‐irradiated target cells (Sa; an Epstein‐Barr virus‐transformed B cell line) exhibited more resistance against alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) than mitomycin C (MMC)‐treated target cells. In the conjugate formation assay, UV‐B‐irradiated target cells showed a considerably lower binding to alloreactive CTL than MMC‐treated target cells.UV‐B irradiation induced a reduction of HLA‐class I, ‐DR, CD54 (ICAM‐1) and CD58 (LFA‐3) expression on target cells. However, it does not seem to contribute to the inhibition of cell adhesion induced by UV‐B irradiation because a similar reduction of cell surface antigens was observed in MMC‐treated target cells. Number of cells capped with anti‐HLA‐class I, ‐DR, CD54 or CD58 monoclonal antibody were markedly reduced by UV‐B irradiation compared to that by MMC treatment. These findings suggest the possibility that the inhibition of cell adhesion between UV‐B‐irradiated Sa target cells and alloreactive CTL is due to the impaired mobility of cell surface antigens which will affect the early process of cell‐mediated cytolysis.
Immunofixation Electrophoresis: A Technique for the Study of Protein Polymorphism
Authors: Alper C. A. , Johnson A. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA technique is described which allows direct visualization of individual proteins in mixtures by specific antiserum after electrophoresis. By minimizing diffusion it permits rapid, direct, and clear detection of genetic polymorphism and ‘conversion’ of proteins in the complement and coagulation systems.
Frozen Blood and Transfusion‐Transmitted Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Norol F. , Bachir D. , Bernaudin F. , Beaujean F. , Desforges L. , Duedari N. , Galacteros F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to evaluate the impact of frozen red cell transfusion on the transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) before the introduction of blood donor screening. Anti‐HCV antibodies were detected in 59 patients with sickle‐cell disease who required chronic transfusions and had exclusively received frozen red blood cells (RBC). The files were reviewed for clinical signs of chronic hepatitis C. Anti‐HCV antibodies were detected in 2 adult patients; both also had clinical evidence of HCV infection. No other patient showed signs of acute or chronic HCV hepatitis. In a control group of 28 patients who had received nonfrozen RBC transfusions, the prevalence of anti‐HCV antibodies was 25%. So, our study seems to indicate that the use of frozen RBC had reduced the risk of HCV contamination.
Production of Stable Human‐Mouse Hybridomas Secreting Monoclonal Antibodies against Rh D and c Antigens
Authors: Rapaille André , François‐Gérard Christiane , Donnay Danielle , Sondag‐Thull Danièle 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPeripheral blood lymphocytes from donors immunized against Rh antigens were fused with mouse myelomas and heteromyelomas in order to obtain human‐mouse hybridomas secreting antibodies specific for these antigens. Three cell lines secreting anti‐D IgG and two secreting anti‐c IgM were stabilized and produced immunoglobulins for several months. These human monoclonal antibodies were evaluated as reagents for Rh phenotyping. Their complementary activity towards weak D and partial D antigens is examined.
Positive Antiglobulin Test in Association with Sulindac: Involvement of the Rh Factor
Authors: DeCoteau J. , Reis M. D. , Pinkerton P. H. , Ward J. , Coovadia A.S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe investigated the development of a positive direct antiglobulin test associated with the use of the nonsteroid anti‐inflammatory drug sulindac. The drug was shown to be the cause of the positive direct antiglobulin test using red cells treated in vitro with solutions of native sulindac and its two major metabolites. Serum from the patient contained sulindac‐dependent red cell antibodies which could not be demonstrated when red cells having the Rh phenotype D– were employed in the test procedure. An eluate prepared from the patients' red cells reacted against untreated red cells having common Rh phenotypes, but not against target red cells with the Rh phenotypes D– or Rh null. The eluate showed stronger reactivity against the cells having common Rh phenotypes when they were treated with solutions of a metabolite of sulindac, but failed to react against treated red cells having the Rh phenotype D– or Rh null. The results of our investigations point to an interaction between sulindac and/or its metabolites and Rh structures on the red cell membrane as the initial step in the production of drug dependent and autoantibodies leading to the positive direct antiglobulin test.
Effect of Monosaccharides during Severe Dry Heat Treatment of Coagulation Factor VIII Concentrates
Authors: Knevelman A. , De Wit H.J.C. , Griffin B. , Hart H. , McIntosh R.V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDuring product development of a factor VIII concentrate (Dutch blood banks) the conversion from unsterilized to autoclaved freeze‐drying buffer caused impaired product characteristics after severe dry heat treatment (80°C for 72 h). Analysis of the freeze‐drying buffers showed the presence of fructose and glucose in heated buffers, resulting from hydrolysis of sucrose. The detrimental effect of glucose and fructose on solubility, yield of factor VIII and color of the heat‐treated product was confirmed by freeze‐drying and heating products spiked with increasing levels of these monosaccharides. The effect of the use of freeze‐drying buffers autoclaved with and without sucrose was examined in two other factor VIII concentrates, S(8) and Z8 (Protein Fractionation Centre, Edinburgh, UK). If sucrose was present during autoclaving of the buffer, a slightly lower yield over freeze‐drying and 80°C heat treatment was observed.Since glucose is present as a substrate in the medium for the host cells during cultivation of viruses, its potential effect on the 80°C heated product (Dutch blood banks) was examined during the validation study of the inactivation of HIV‐1 and Sindbis. The cultivation cycles for the virus inolcula were simulated and residual glucose levels measured. In the supernatant medium of the host cell culture used for the propagation of Sindbis no residual glucose was found. Glucose however was found in the supernatant medium of the host cell culture for propagation of HIV‐1, and therefore small molecular weight substances were removed from the actual HIV‐1 inoculum by ultrafiltration. The study of the inactivation of both viruses during freeze‐drying and 80°C heat treatment was subsequently carried out without complications.
Serological Characteristics of Partial D Antigen Category VI in 8 Unrelated Blood Donors
Authors: van Rhenen D.J. , Thijssen P.M.H.J. , Overbeeke M.A.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractClassification of subjects with a partial D antigen is traditionally performed with immune anti‐D sera. The development of monoclonal antibodies enables a fine analysis to be made of the specificity of the epitopes that are present or missing in these cases. A systematic search in a Caucasian donor population of 17,500 revealed 8 unrelated male individuals (frequency 0.05%) with a red cell phenotype characteristic of partial D category VI, but without anti‐D in their serum. The relation to the ‘classic’ partial D category VI was investigated and is discussed, as is the observed serological heterogeneity of the partial D category VI group. Clinical consequences for the prevention of immunization of these subjects are mentioned.
Complement Killing of Yersinia enterocolitica and Retention of the Bacteria by Leucocyte Removal Filters
Authors: Gong J. , Rawal B. D. , Högman C. F. , Vyas G. N. , Nilsson B. , Gustafsson I. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report studies on the complement sensitivity of four strains of Yersinia enterocolitica, serotypes O:3, O:9, O:5,27, and O:20, isolated from blood units involved in transfusion fatalities. Complement in fresh CPD plasma killed Y. enterocolitica within 4 h at 22°C in 100% of the experiments. The bactericidal action was serotype and complement activation pathway dependent. Both classic and alternate pathways seemed to be active, but the latter to a lesser degree. When the classic pathway was blocked by chelation of Ca2+ no complete killing was obtained. Complement did not enhance or condition Yersinia for leucocyte filter retention. Direct removal of Yersinia by filtration was also related to serotype; all strains were reduced by filtration in heat‐inactivated plasma, and all except serotype O:5,27 were reduced in Ca2+ ‐chelated plasma. Our findings may explain why plasma products and platelet concentrates are rarely involved in Yersinia sepsis related to transfusion.
Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies and Virus Replication in Asymptomatic Blood Donors
Authors: Yuki Nobukazu , Hayashi Norio , Hagiwara Hideki , Naito Masafumi , Ohkawa Kazuyoshi , Kasahara Akinori , Fusamoto Hideyuki , Ohtani Satoshi , Okubo Yasuto , Kamada Takenobu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe assessed hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 99 asymptomatic blood donors positive using a first‐generation HCV antibody assay. When tested with second‐generation assays, 86 (87%) donors were reactive (group 1), 2 (2%) were indeterminate (group 2), and 11 (11%) were non‐reactive (group 3). Viraemia was revealed by polymerase chain reaction in all group 1 cases. The 2 group 2 cases and 6 (55%) group 3 cases were also viraemic. Viraemia was confirmed by a branched DNA assay in the 2 group 2 cases and 4 (36%) group 3 cases. Serum HCV RNA levels were further studied using a competitive reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction assay. All cases in groups 2 and 3 were low viraemic (range 104–105.5copies/ml) compared with the 9 group 1 cases examined (range 107–109copies/ml). No correlation was evident between viraemic levels and antibody cut‐off index in the first‐generation assay. These findings indicate the possibility that low levels of viraemia can occur in individuals non‐reactive in second‐generation HCV antibody assays.
Characteristics of Anti‐A and Anti‐B in Black Zimbabweans
Authors: Adewuyi James O. , Gwanzura Christine , Mvere David 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSera from young, black, group 0 Zimbabwean blood donors were screened for anti‐A and anti‐B haemolysins. Nearly one fifth of the sera were found to be strongly haemolytic for either A or B cells or both. Some of the sera were titrated for agglutination in saline before and after treatment with dithiothreitol. Serum dilutions beyond the endpoint of agglutination were further tested by the indirect antiglobulin technique using specific anti‐IgM and anti‐IgG sera. More than 60% of the strongly lytic sera had high titres of IgG (≥ 64). The IgM and IgG concentrations both of anti‐A and anti‐B were correlated and these levels were in turn correlated with haemolytic activity.
Circulating Stem Cell Collection in Lymphoma and Myeloma after Mobilization with Cyclophosphamide and Granulocyte Colony‐Stimulating Factor for Autologous Transplantation
Authors: Cancelas J.A. , Hernández‐Jodra M. , Zamora C. , Perez‐Oteyza J. , Brieva J.A. , Roldan E. , Navas G. , Garcia‐Laraña J. , Lopez J. , Odriozola J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe report the results of 72 leukapheresis procedures performed for autologous peripheral blood stem cell collection in 18 patients with lymphoma and myeloma, after combined mobilization with cyclophosphamide and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF). The numbers of mononuclear cells (MNCs), CD34+ cells and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐forming units (CFU‐GM) either in the peripheral circulation (preleukapheresis sample) or in the product obtained from leukapheresis (leukapheresis sample) were evaluated. A highly superior proportion of CD34+ cells (14‐fold) and CFU‐GM (5‐fold) resulted from the mobilization therapy. CFU‐GM and CD34+ cells were highly enriched with respect to all MNCs (relative recoveries: 2.13, range 0.3–41, and 1.08, range 0.2–8.5, respectively) due to an additional mobilization effect by the leukapheresis procedure. Also, a relatively strong linear correlation between the three different parameters was found in the leukapheresis product (CD34+:CFU‐GM, r = 0.81; MNCs:CD34, r = 0.69; MNCs:CFU‐GM, r = 0.75; CFU‐GM:CD34+, and MNCs, r = 0.85). Our data suggest that the number of MNCs and CD34+ cells obtained after combined mobilization with cyclophosphamide and G‐CSF can be used as predictor of the number of granulomonocytic progenitors.
Serotype Switching in a Partially Deleted RHD Gene
Authors: Blunt Tracy , Daniels Geoff , Carritt Ben 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe have studied the RH genes in donors with the RhD‐negative haplotype dCes. In contrast to the usual arrangement of genes in RhD‐negative individuals, where the lack of antigen expression is due to deletion of the entire RHD gene, we find that the dCeshaplotype includes an RHD gene with an internal deletion. Moreover, there appear to be no 5′ sequences characteristic of RHC suggesting that the RhC antigen may be encoded by a truncated RHD or a recombinant RHD/CE gene in these dCes/dce genomes.
Effect of Agitation on the Quality of Platelet Concentrates
Authors: Mitchell S.G. , Hawker R.J. , Turner V.S. , Hesslewood S.R. , Harding L.K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlatelet concentrates (PCs) were stored for 4 days at 22°C in 400 ml second‐generation (PL1240) platelet packs with either constant agitation, manual mixing once every 24 h or without agitation at any time. After 4 days storage, in vivo recovery, survival and biodistribution were determined following indium‐111 labelling of platelets and infusion into autologous volunteers. In vitro assays of platelet function and biochemistry were likewise carried out after 4 days storage. The PCs stored without agitation had significantly lower in vivo recoveries, pH and aggregation responses to ionophore A23187 and a combination of collagen and epinephrine and significantly higher β‐thromboglobulin and indium‐111 release than the agitated PCs. The manually mixed PCs were not significantly different from the constantly agitated PCs. PCs mixed simply once every 24 h remained viable with active oxidative phosphorylation and a pH above 6.74 in all but 1 case indicating that PCs stored at 22°C for up to 4 days with only intermittent mixing are satisfactory for transfusion. A change from constant agitation would reduce capital costs in mixing equipment and simplify the transport of PCs from the transfusion centre to small hospital blood banks.
Direct Capture of Plasma Factor VIII:C by Ion Exchange Chromatography
Authors: Teh L.‐C. , Froger M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn ion exchange medium, DEAE‐Fractogel 650M, can be used to capture factor VIII (FVIII) directly from plasma. Previous reports have focussed on the use of this medium to capture FVIII from cryoprecipitate. In this report, citrate phosphate dextrose plasma was batch‐stirred with DEAE‐Sephadex A50, filtered, diluted, loaded onto a column packed with DEAE‐Fractogel TSK 650M, and chromatographed. Most of the unwanted proteins flowed through the gel unadsorbed. Bound FVIII was eluted by increasing the ionic strength of the buffer. A citrate‐based buffer gave an overall FVIII:C yield of 670 IU/kg plasma with a specific activity of 0.68 IU FVIII:C/mg protein. This process gave a higher yield of FVIII:C but significantly more prothrombin complex factors than cryoprecipitation. This method is a promising alternative to cryoprecipitation of FVIII.
The Effect of Previous Blood Transfusion on Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cell Function in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Mathiesen O. , Lund L. , Brodthagen U. , Gandrup P. , Grunnet N. , Balslev I. , Jersildy C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo elucidate the possible influence of previous blood transfusion on immune functions, the transfusion history of 153 patients admitted to hospital for elective colorectal surgery was correlated with lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cell function. The subsets determined were CD2, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD20, CD56, CD57 and HLA‐DR‐positive. The NK cell function was determined by measuring the killing capacity against cFDA‐labelled K562 target cells monitored via a flow‐cytometer. We found that 42 patients (27%) had been transfused before surgery, of these 13 had been transfused less than 30 days before surgery and 29 (19%) transfused more than 30 days before (median 10 years, range 0.1–37 years). In transfused patients, we found a significantly reduced number of B lymphocytes (CD20; p = 0.01), a reduction in HLA‐DR‐positive cells (p = 0.02) and a just significant reduction of NK cell function in transfused compared to nontransfused patients. The reduction in NK cell function is marginal and the NK cell function is within normal range, and probably without clinical significance. Reduction in NK cell function has been described before, whereas the reduction in B cells has not been reported earlier. The results may suggest an impaired humoral immunity and a minor reduction in cellular immunity in patients following blood transfusion.
A New Low‐Frequency Red Cell Antigen, ‘SARAH’
Authors: Stern D.A. , Hawksworth D.N. , Watt J.M. , Ford D.S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere are more than 100 low‐frequency antigens (LFAs) which have been given International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) numbers as members of systems, collections or the 700 series. In addition, there are a number of well‐known (to reference laboratories) unpublished LFAs. The presence of an LFA was suspected when 2 sera were found to react with a single example of K homozygous cells. Anti‐K reacting with K homozygotes was eliminated on testing with other KK cells. Testing of the reactive cell with antibodies to known LFAs and the reactive sera with cells known to carry LFAs failed to identify the specificity. A study on the family of the cell donor showed inheritance of the antigen in two generations. Further testing, which included immunoblotting and RFLPs, was carried out in Australia, the UK, Canada and the USA. By March 1993 all published LFAs had been excluded, and an application was made to the ISBT to have the antigen, SARAH, assigned a 700 series number. In April the number 700.052 was provisionally designated for this new antigen.
Type 2 T‐Cell‐Independent Murine Immune Response to the Human AB0 Blood Group Antigens
Authors: Néron Sonia , Lemieu Réal 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe human AB0 blood group determinants are simple carbohydrate structures which are widely distributed in nature. Much work has been done on the structure of the A and B antigens but little is known on the regulation of anti‐A and anti‐B immune responses. To develop a model system, we have characterized the AB0 immunity of normal Balb/c mice and found a significant level of serum natural anti‐A but almost no anti‐B. This finding and the known IgM predominance among immune anti‐A produced in the Balb/c mouse indicate that the AB0 immunity of this mouse strain is comparable to the one of human blood group B individuals. Following immunization with human red blood cells, similar levels of anti‐A were produced in normal and athymic Balb/c mice showing that the anti‐A response is T cell independent. Furthermore, no anti‐A or anti‐B antibodies were produced in CBA/xid mice indicating a type 2 T‐cell‐independent immune response. These results may contribute to a better understanding of human AB0 responses and establish the mouse as a suitable model to study the immunobiology of AB0 antigens.
Tolerability and Kinetics of a Solvent‐Detergent‐Treated Intravenous Immunoglobulin Preparation in Hypogammaglobulinaemia Patients
Authors: Ebeling Freja , Baer Maija , Hormila Pirkko , Järventie Greta , Koistinen Pirjo , Kätkä Kalevi , Oksanen Kalevi , Perkkiö Mikko , Ruutu Tapani , Soppi Esa , Veijola Lea , Myllylä Gunnar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe tolerability and kinetics of a solvent‐detergent‐treated 6% intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) preparation were studied in 15 hypogammaglobulinaemia patients during 3–4 regular substitution infusions of 9–18 g, the mean dose being 359 mg/kg. The infusions were well tolerated, and the trough serum IgG levels achieved were comparable to two commercial IVIG preparations. The stepwise increase of the infusion rate up to 5 mg/kg/min and the use of this IVIG as a 12% solution were possible without serious adverse events in all the 6 studied hypogammaglobulinaemia patients. This greatly reduced the time needed for the infusions.
Carboxyhemoglobin Levels in Neonatal Immune Hemolytic Jaundice Treated with Intravenous Gammaglobulin
Authors: Ergaz Zivanit , Gross Ditsa , Bar‐Oz Benjamin , Peleg Ofra , Arad Ilan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn order to examine the effect of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) on the rate of hemolysis in immune hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia, we measured the carboxyhemoglobin levels of 5 newborn infants who were subjected to IVIG treatment. The pretreatment rate of hemolysis, in the 5 patients with isoimmune hemolytic jaundice (3 patients with Rh hemolytic disease of the newborn and 2 patients with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn), as reflected by caboxyhemoglobin levels was higher than the rate of hemolysis in normal newborn infants. In 4 out of the 5 patients treated with IVIG, there was a rapid decline (> 30%) of carboxyhemoglobin levels, a pattern which was different from that observed in normal newborn infants with no hemolytic jaundice and in 3 untreated patients with ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn. None of the treated patients required an exchange transfusion. Our preliminary results support the theory that the attenuation of jaundice observed following IVIG treatment in patients with immune hemolytic hyperbilirubinemia is caused, at least in part, by the reduction in hemolysis.
Molecular basis of the low linolenic acid trait in soybean EMS mutant line RG10
Authors: Reinprecht Y. , Luk‐Labey S.‐Y. , Larsen J. , Poysa V. W. , Yu K. , Rajcan I. , Ablett G. R. , Pauls K. P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA possible solution to stability problems is to genetically reduce the content of linolenic acid in soybean seed. RG10 is a low linolenic acid line (<25 g/kg) produced by ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) treatment of the low linolenic acid EMS mutant line C1640. The objective of this study was to determine the molecular basis of the low linolenic acid trait in RG10. Sequence analyses of mutant RG10 and wild‐type OX948 ω‐fatty acid desaturase (Fad3) genes showed that the low level of linolenic acid in RG10 is likely a result of mutations in two Fad3 genes. A mutation in the Fad3A gene introduces a stop codon in exon 6 that would prematurely terminate translation and a second mutation in the 5′ splice site of intron 5 of the Fad3B gene may result in abnormal mRNA splicing products. Both mutations would result in a non‐functional enzyme. Molecular markers developed for these mutations should simplify and accelerate introgression of the RG10‐based low linolenic acid trait into elite soybean cultivars.