bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting accurate batch queue wait times on production supercomputers by combining machine learning techniques
Authors: Brown Nick , Gibb Gordon , Belikov Evgenij , Nash Rupert 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe ability to accurately predict when a job on a supercomputer will leave the queue and start to run is not only beneficial for providing insights to users, but can also help enable non‐traditional HPC workloads that are not necessarily suited to the batch queue style‐approach that is ubiquitous on production HPC machines. However there are numerous challenges in achieving such a prediction with high accuracy, not least because the queue's state can change rapidly and depend upon many factors. In this work, we explore a novel machine learning approach for predicting queue wait times, hypothesising that such a model can capture the complex behavior resulting from the queue policy and other interactions to generate accurate job start times. For ARCHER2 (HPE Cray EX), Cirrus (HPE 8600), and 4‐cabinet (HPE Cray EX) we explore how different machine learning approaches and techniques improve the accuracy of our predictions, comparing against the estimation generated by Slurm. By combining categorization and regression models, we demonstrate that our approach delivers the most accurate predictions across our machines of interest, with the result of this work being the ability to predict job start times within 1 min of the actual start time for around 65% of jobs on ARCHER2 and 4‐cabinet, and 76% of jobs on Cirrus. When compared against what Slurm can deliver, via the backfill plugin, this represents around 3.8 times better accuracy on ARCHER2 and 18 times better for Cirrus. Furthermore our approach can accurately predicting the start time for three quarters of all job within 10 min of the actual start time on ARCHER2 and 4‐cabinet, and for 90% of jobs on Cirrus. Whilst the initial driver of this work was to better facilitate non‐traditional, interactive and urgent, workloads on HPC machines, the insights gained can also be used to provide wider benefits to users, enrich existing batch queue systems, and inform supercomputing center policy also.
Sustaining professionalism: Teachers as co‐enquirers in curriculum design
Authors: Swift Diane , Clowes Gemma , Gilbert Sarah , Lambert Alex 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn England, the development of teachers' curriculum design capabilities has been identified as a ‘challenge remaining’ (Department for Education [DfE]. (2022). Opportunity for all: Strong schools with great teachers for your child. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/opportunity‐for‐all‐strong‐schools‐with‐great‐teachers‐for‐your‐child). A recent White Paper (Department for Education [DfE]. (2022). Opportunity for all: Strong schools with great teachers for your child. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/opportunity‐for‐all‐strong‐schools‐with‐great‐teachers‐for‐your‐child) offered access to a publicly funded online platform as a solution. Drawing on Stenhouse's concepts of teachers as researchers and curriculum as an inquiry process, this article argues that such a policy initiative restricts both curriculum and professional development. An alternative approach to curriculum design, one based on Stenhouse's conception of the iterative development of teachers' professional and curriculum knowledge is profiled. In this article, we, as four teacher‐researchers, analyse a project which featured the Curriculum Design Coherence (CDC) model. We share insights gained from our involvement, both in relation to our professional learning and the impact of our curriculum design work on our pupils. We argue that the ‘othering’ of teachers in research contributes towards the under valuing of practice‐informed evidence in policy making. We draw on the work of Lawrence Stenhouse to inform a different means of generating educational research evidence, one that sustains teacher‐researchers through engagement with principles and concepts so as to inform policy and curriculum development.
Bat–flower trait matching: Extreme phenotypic specialization affects diet preferences but not diet breadth
Authors: Muchhala Nathan , Maguiña‐Conde Rossana , Caiza Angelica , Proaño Daniela 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNectarivorous bats have evolved various adaptations to feeding from flowers, such as long, extensible tongues and the ability to hover. The champion of tongue length, Anoura fistulata, can extend its tongue to 150% of its body length, yet little is known about its interactions with flowers in the wild. Here we analyzed the diet of A. fistulata and co‐occurring nectar bats in eight sites across Ecuador. Results demonstrate that, despite its phenotypic specialization, A. fistulata is no more ecologically specialized in its dietary breadth than co‐occurring nectar bats. However, it prefers deeper flowers, and is the sole visitor to two species (Centropogon nigricans and Marcgravia williamsii) whose extremely deep flowers make their nectar inaccessible to other bats. Furthermore, A. fistulata only occurred in sites with at least one flower deeper than the tongue length of other nectar bats, suggesting it needs such a guaranteed nectar source to maintain a population. Finally, we found strong covariation across sites between the local tongue length of A. fistulata and the depth of the deepest flowers it visits. This suggests that the coevolutionary race that selected for the exceptional tongue length of this bat over time is also playing out in a geographic mosaic across space.
Prescribed fire placement matters more than increasing frequency and extent in a simulated Pacific Northwest landscape
Authors: Deak Alison L. , Lucash Melissa S. , Coughlan Michael R. , Weiss Shelby , Silva Lucas C. R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrescribed fire has been increasingly promoted to reduce wildfire risk and restore fire‐adapted ecosystems. Yet, the complexities of forest ecosystem dynamics in response to disturbances, climate change, and drought stress, combined with myriad social and policy barriers, have inhibited widespread implementation. Using the forest succession model LANDIS‐II, we investigated the likely impacts of increasing prescribed fire frequency and extent on wildfire severity and forest carbon storage at local and landscape scales. Specifically, we ask how much prescribed fire is required to maintain carbon storage and reduce the severity and extent of wildfires under divergent climate change scenarios? We simulated four prescribed fire scenarios (no prescribed fire, business‐as‐usual, moderate increase, and large increase) in the Siskiyou Mountains of northwest California and southwest Oregon. At the local site scale, prescribed fires lowered the severity of projected wildfires and maintained approximately the same level of ecosystem carbon storage when reapplied at a ~15‐year return interval for 50‐year simulations. Increased frequency and extent of prescribed fire decreased the likelihood of aboveground carbon combustion during wildfire events. However, at the landscape scale, prescribed fire did not decrease the projected severity and extent of wildfire, even when large increases (up to 10× the current levels) of prescribed fire were simulated. Prescribed fire was most effective at reducing wildfire severity under a climate change scenario with increased temperature and precipitation and on sites with north‐facing aspects and slopes greater than 30°. Our findings suggest that placement matters more than frequency and extent to estimate the effects of prescribed fire, and that prescribed fire alone would not be sufficient to reduce the risk of wildfire and promote carbon sequestration at regional scales in the Siskiyou Mountains. To improve feasibility, we propose targeting areas of high concern or value to decrease the risk of high‐severity fire and contribute to meeting climate mitigation and adaptation goals. Our results support strategic and targeted landscape prioritization of fire treatments to reduce wildfire severity and increase the pace and scale of forest restoration in areas of social and ecological importance, highlighting the challenges of using prescribed fire to lower wildfire risk.
Baroreflex activation therapy in patients with heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction: Long‐term outcomes
Authors: Zile Michael R. , Lindenfeld JoAnn , Weaver Fred A. , Zannad Faiez , Galle Elizabeth , Rogers Tyson , Abraham William T. 
Published: April 2024

AimsCarotid baroreflex activation therapy (BAT) restores baroreflex sensitivity and modulates the imbalance in cardiac autonomic function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). We tested the hypothesis that treatment with BAT significantly reduces cardiovascular mortality and heart failure morbidity and provides long‐term safety and sustainable symptomatic improvement.Methods and resultsBeAT‐HF was a prospective, multicentre, randomized, two‐arm, parallel‐group, open‐label, non‐implanted control trial. New York Heart Association (NYHA) class III subjects, ejection fraction ≤35%, previous heart failure hospitalization or N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) >400 pg/ml, no class I indication for cardiac resynchronization therapy and NT‐proBNP <1600 pg/ml were randomized to BAT plus optimal medical management (BAT group) or optimal medical management alone (control). The primary endpoint was cardiovascular mortality and HF morbidity; additional pre‐specified endpoints included durability of safety, quality of life (QOL), exercise capacity (6‐min hall walk distance [6MHWD]), functional status (NYHA class), hierarchical composite win ratio, freedom from all‐cause death, left ventricular assists device (LVAD) implantation, heart transplant. Overall, 323 patients had 332 primary events, median follow‐up was 3.6 years/patient. Both primary endpoint (rate ratio 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–1.57; p = 0.82) and components of the primary endpoints were not significantly different between BAT and control. The system‐ and procedure‐related major adverse neurological and cardiovascular event‐free rate remained 97% throughout the trial. Symptom improvement (QOL, 6MHWD, NYHA class, all nominal p < 0.001) in the BAT group was durable in time, sustainable in extent. Win ratio (1.26, 95% CI 1.02–1.58) and freedom from all‐cause death, LVAD implantation, heart transplant (hazard ratio 0.66, 95% CI 0.43–1.01) favoured the BAT group but did not reach statistical significance.ConclusionThe BeAT‐HF primary endpoint was neutral; however, BAT provided safe, effective, and sustainable improvements in HFrEF patient's functional status, 6MHWD and QOL.
Photo‐Induced Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with Aldehydes under Metal Free Conditions without an External Photocatalyst
Authors: Wang Chunmiao , Jiang Jiangtao , Wang Min , Zhu Weichang , Li Pinhua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA simple strategy to 3‐acylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones via a photo‐induced cross‐dehydrogenative coupling of quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones with commercially available aldehyde under metal free conditions without an external photocatalyst was developed. In this transformation, various 3‐acylated quinoxalin‐2(1H)‐ones were generated in high yields with good functional‐group tolerance.
Optimization of formulation and processing conditions for the production of functional noodles containing orange‐fleshed sweet potatoes and biofortified beans
Authors: Natocho Janet , Mugabi Robert , Muyonga John H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe global demand for noodles continues to increase due to their convenience, wide appeal, and affordability. Instant noodles, in particular, are popular for their easy preparation. With annual consumption reaching 106 billion servings in 2019, there is a growing awareness of the importance of healthy food options. However, most noodle types currently available commercially are of low nutritional value. This study sought to develop a protocol for the production of functional noodles consisting of orange‐fleshed sweet potatoes (OFSP) puree and biofortified bean powder (BBP). Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize product formulation and processing parameters. Reduced quartic models were found to adequately represent the relationship between dependent variables (hardness, moisture, protein, dietary fiber, iron, and zinc content) and independent variables (dough thickness, drying temperature, and drying time). R2 values were 0.86–0.99, with a nonsignificant lack‐of‐fit (p < .05). Using numerical optimization, the optimal protocol for the production of functional noodles was determined to include formulation consisting of wheat 73%, OFSP 21.5%, and BBP 5.5%; dough thickness of 2.0 mm; drying temperature and time of 80.0°C and 143.4 min, respectively. These conditions yielded noodles with 5.9% moisture, 11.0 N hardness, 34.5% protein, 11.9% dietary fiber, 86.9 ppm (parts per million) iron, and 50.53 ppm zinc, with a desirability value of 0.82. Experimental validation demonstrated no significant difference from predicted values. Sensory evaluation rated the noodles as acceptable to consumers, with an overall acceptability of 7.8 on a 9‐point hedonic scale. These results show the potential of OFSP and BBP as ingredients for acceptable and nutrient‐rich noodles.
Effect of delay time of working face pressure change on airflow direction in gob: A simulation study
Authors: Wang Kai , Sun Chuanwen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor shallow buried mines, the cracks generated due to the mining activities will connect the surface ground and the working face through the gob, which may result in the gas exchange between the surface and underground. In this study, we proposed the gob gas flow model and verified its applicability based on the measured data on site in our previous research and discussed the effect of delay time of pressure variation between working face and surface ground on the airflow direction according to the simulation. The results suggest that the delay time of pressure variation is the main factor affecting the pressure difference between surface and working face and airflow direction. Due to the characteristics of the surface pressure changes, the effect of delay time on airflow in gob is small in a short time, but this effect gradually increases with time. According to the airflow law in a cycle of pressure variation, the airflow direction in the gob is predictable when the delay time reaches a certain value, which can be interpreted clearly on the surface pressure variation diagram. This research may provide references for the measures taken against mine disasters caused by different airflow directions. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Developmental human resource and exploitative leadership interact to influence Employees' creative idea championing and application
Authors: Huang Jie , Li Yali , Tang Chunyong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBased on the human resource development (HRD) literature, this study considers HR system and leadership together, focusing on how to promote employees to champion and apply creative ideas. Based on multi‐wave and multilevel field survey data of 252 Chinese employees nested in 42 groups, Study 1 found that developmental HR and exploitative leadership interact to influence creative idea championing and application via reciprocated obligation. The positive effects of developmental HR on creative idea championing and application were stronger and significant when exploitative leadership was lower (vs. higher), and reciprocated obligation mediated these effects. Study 2 replicated these findings with a scenario experimental design utilizing a sample of 186 MBA students from different companies. Our findings remind supervisors that they should not use exploitative leadership as it will reduce the positive effects of developmental HR, providing unique insights into HRD theory and practice.
Perceived overqualification and employee outcomes: The dual pathways and the moderating effects of dual‐focused transformational leadership
Authors: Liu Zhiqiang , Huang Yuqi , Kim Tae‐Yeol , Yang Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractResearch findings concerning the effects of perceived overqualification on task performance are mixed. To reconcile the disparate findings, drawing on person‐environment theory, we propose cynicism toward the job and constructive deviance as contrasting dual pathways that explain the negative and positive effects of perceived overqualification on task performance and employee creativity. We also examine the moderating effects of dual‐focused transformational leadership (TFL) on the relationships between perceived overqualification and the two mediating mechanisms. We test this model using data collected from 469 employees and their 135 supervisors via two‐wave surveys. The results support the negative and positive mediating mechanisms. In addition, based on one field study and two online experiments, we find that individual‐focused TFL mitigates the relationship between perceived overqualification and cynicism toward the job, but that team‐focused TFL enhances the relationship between perceived overqualification and constructive deviance.
STAT activation in regulatory CD4+ T cells of patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis
Authors: Dold Leona , Kalthoff Sandra , Frank Leonie , Zhou Taotao , Esser Pia , Lutz Philipp , Strassburg Christian P. , Spengler Ulrich , Langhans Bettina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionRegulatory CD4+ T cells (Tregs) are pivotal for inhibition of autoimmunity. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is an autoimmune cholestatic liver disease of unknown etiology where contribution of Tregs is still unclear. Activation of the JAK‐STAT pathway critically modifies functions of Tregs. In PSC, we studied activation of STAT proteins and Treg functions in response to cytokines.MethodsIn 51 patients with PSC, 10 disease controls (chronic replicative hepatitis C), and 36 healthy controls we analyzed frequencies of Foxp3+CD25+CD127lowCD4+ Tregs, their expression of ectonucleotidase CD39, and cytokine‐induced phosphorylation of STAT1, 3, 5, and 6 using phospho‐flow cytometry. In parallel, we measured cytokines IFN‐gamma, interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐2, and IL‐4 in serum via bead‐based immunoassays.ResultsIn patients with PSC, ex vivo frequencies of peripheral Tregs and their expression of CD39 were significantly reduced (p < .05 each). Furthermore, serum levels of IFN‐gamma, IL‐6, IL‐2, and IL‐4 were markedly higher in PSC (p < .05 each). Unlike activation of STAT1, STAT5, and STAT6, IL‐6 induced increased phosphorylation of STAT3 in Tregs of PSC‐patients (p = .0434). Finally, STAT3 activation in Tregs correlated with leukocyte counts.ConclusionsIn PSC, we observed enhanced STAT3 responsiveness of CD4+ Tregs together with reduced CD39 expression probably reflecting inflammatory activity of the disease.
Factors affecting the long‐term prognosis of patients in the AYA generation with epithelial ovarian cancer: A multicenter propensity score matching analysis
Authors: Miyamoto Emiri , Yoshihara Masato , Iyoshi Shohei , Mogi Kazumasa , Uno Kaname , Fujimoto Hiroki , Kitami Kazuhisa , Yoshikawa Nobuhisa , Kajiyama Hiroaki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveOvarian carcinoma (OvCa) is more common in the elderly, but also affects the adolescent and young adult (AYA) generation, which refers to those aged 15–39 years. Although the characteristics of OvCa may differ between AYAs and non‐AYAs, limited information is currently available on differences in prognostic factors. Therefore, we herein investigated prognostic factors for and the prognosis of OvCa in AYAs. We also examined the prognostic impact of fertility‐sparing surgery in a subgroup analysis.MethodsWe retrospectively collected data on 4897 patients with OvCa from the databases of multiple institutions and ultimately included 1161 patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). We performed a survival analysis to compare AYAs and non‐AYAs with backgrounds that conformed to those of AYAs using the propensity score (PS) matching method. A Cox regression analysis was also conducted to evaluate each predictor of recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) in the original population. As a subgroup analysis, a multivariate analysis stratified by the AYA and non‐AYA generations was performed.ResultsIn total, 119 AYA patients were included in this study. After PS adjustments, no significant differences were observed in RFS or OS between AYAs and non‐AYAs. Prognostic factors differed between AYAs and non‐AYAs, particularly in histology and cytology. A multivariate analysis stratified by the AYA and non‐AYA generations described that uterine‐preserving surgery (UPS) did not have a significant impact on the prognosis of AYAs or non‐AYAs. In cases with recurrence, no significant differences were observed in RFS and recurrent sites in the two groups.ConclusionCharacteristic prognostic factors for EOC in AYAs were identified. The present results indicate the limited prognostic impact of UPS for EOC in AYAs.
Awareness of von Willebrand disease among gynecologists: Investigating the referral of women with heavy menstrual bleeding to hematologists
Authors: Schmiedl Jolana , Castaman Giancarlo 
Published: April 2024

SynopsisAwareness of bleeding disorders, including von Willebrand disease, as a cause of heavy menstrual bleeding is low among gynecologists/obstetricians, potentially delaying diagnosis and appropriate treatment.
Visualizing set relationships: EVenn's comprehensive approach to Venn diagrams
Authors: Yang Mei , Chen Tong , Liu Yong‐Xin , Huang Luqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVenn diagrams serve as invaluable tools for visualizing set relationships due to their ease of interpretation. Widely applied across diverse disciplines such as metabolomics, genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, their utility is undeniable. However, the operational complexity has been compounded by the absence of standardized data formats and the need to switch between various platforms for generating different Venn diagrams. To address these challenges, we introduce the EVenn platform, a versatile tool offering a unified interface for efficient data exploration and visualization of diverse Venn diagrams. EVenn (http://www.ehbio.com/test/venn) streamlines the data upload process with a standardized format, enhancing the capabilities for multimodule analysis. This comprehensive protocol outlines various applications of EVenn, featuring representative results of multiple Venn diagrams, data uploads in the centralized data center, and step‐by‐step case demonstrations. Through these functionalities, EVenn emerges as a valuable and user‐friendly tool for the in‐depth exploration of multiomics data.