bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of salbutamol Rotahaler with conventional pressurized aerosol
Authors: HETZEL M. R. , CLARK T. J. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySalbutamol in a powder aerosol from the Rotahaler insufflator was compared, with equal doses of the conventional pressurized aerosol by dose‐response curves and in a 1 month open trial, in the treatment of asthma patients with good inhalation technique. Results were not significantly different in either study. A further group of asthma patients, who were known to be incapable of using pressurized aerosols effectively, were shown to benefit from treatment with the Rotahaler. This device should increase the value of the sympathomimetic drugs to the minority of asthma patients who cannot use conventional aerosols correctly.
IgE antibodies to wheat flour components Studies with sera from subjects with bakers' asthma or coeliac condition
Authors: BALDO B. A. , WRIGLEY C. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera from two subjects with bakers' asthma and six patients with coeliac condition were examined for the presence of IgE antibodies with specificities for wheat flour components. Sera were studied using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) together with whole flour and thirteen purified and partially purified flour fractions.IgE antibodies to a number of flour components were demonstrated in the allergic bakers' sera, but the strongest reactivities were observed with wheat albumins and globulins. A more detailed examination of the flour water‐soluble proteins using RAST inhibition methods demonstrated that albumins were more reactive with the allergic sera than the globulins. Apart from the results with the water‐soluble proteins, the two sera showed a different pattern of reactivity with the other flour preparations.No IgE antibodies to whole flour or any of the flour components, including A gliadin, were found in the coeliac sera. Failure to detect wheat gluten‐ or gliadin‐specific IgE antibodies indicates that IgE‐mediated reactions are not important in the pathogenesis of coefiac condition. Levels of total IgE in the sera from the coeliac subjects were elevated and, with two of the sera, some success was achieved in identifying the allergens responsible for the elevation. We propose that elevation of serum IgE may frequently occur in coeliac condition and may arise due to an increased uptake of antigens via the damaged intestinal mucosa.
Fungal spores in lung and sputum
Authors: MULLINS J. , SEATON A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA survey of fungal aerospora over a 2‐year period was combined with an investigation of the fungi cultured from 295 samples of peripheral human lung and 2466 samples of sputum over the same period. 83% of lung and 88% of sputum samples contained culturable fungi, although in 16% of lung and 31% of sputum samples Candida albicans was the only one. Those fungi of small spore size tended to be found in lung tissue while those with larger spores were more likely to be found in the sputum. While their presence in the respiratory tract was related to their occurrence in the air, differences in their frequencies in the air and lung suggested that the lung had a selective inhibitory effect on the development of different spores. In particular, Aspergillus fumigatus was cultured more frequently than would have been anticipated from its profusion in the air.
Bronchial asthma and dermatitis due to spiramycin in a chick breeder
Authors: PAGGIARO P. L. , LOI A. M. , TOMA G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA case of bronchial asthma and dermatitis due to spiramycin is described in a non‐atopic woman who worked as a chick breeder and handling poultry feed containing antibiotic or chemoterapic drugs including spiramycin, chlortetracycline and sulfadimethoxine. Patch tests showed a vigorous delayed reaction to spiramycin.Inhalation challenge test with the chick feed containing spiramycin reproduced symptoms of late asthmatic response (FEV1 fell by 14% and FEF25–75 by 25% within the 4th and 6th hour) with leucocytosis. No significant modification of FEV1 and FEF25–75 was observed within 24 hours after challenge with chick feeds containing other antibiotic or chemotherapeutic agents but not spiramycin.On leaving her job, the patient had no further skin reactions or bronchial asthma episodes.This case suggests that allergic reactions to a chemical product may involve both type III and IV hypersensitivity.
New concepts concerning the clinical control of IgE synthesis
Authors: KATZ DAVID H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryProspects for new therapeutic approaches to IgE‐mediated allergic diseases have arisen from (1) recent experimental observations that have suggested new concepts concerning the pathogenesis of the allergic phenotype, and (2) adaptation of previously‐described methods for induction of specific immunological tolerance to problems in allergy. The bases for these new approaches to allergic diseases are summarized herein.
The prevalence of allergic conditions and immediate skin test reactions among Finnish adolescents
Authors: HAAHTELA T. M. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to determine the skin reactivity of 14–16‐year‐old adolescents to common allergens and its connections with the occurrence of bronchial wheezing, asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic eczema. The series consisted of 218 persons living in south‐eastern Finland. All the persons who took part in the study filled out a questionnaire concerning symptoms of any allergy. They were prick skin‐tested with eight common allergens and examined clinically by the author. Positive skin test reactions were observed in sixty‐six cases (31%), forty‐one of which (62%) had past or present allergic symptoms. Symptoms indicating past or current allergy were observed in seventy persons (32%). 59% of the young people who had or had had allergic disorders were found to have a positive skin test; the figure for the asymptomatic group was 17%. Allergic rhinitis was most clearly connected with the positive skin test. 83% of those with rhinitis had a positive skin test, whereas the figure for bronchial wheezing and asthma was 70% and for eczema 44%. The prevalence of allergic symptoms and skin test positivity was about the same between the sexes, but the boys had experienced bronchial wheezing twice as often as the girls. This study shows that the prevalence of allergic symptoms, when the mild manifestations are also taken into account, is higher in Finland than is assumed. The occurrence of skin test positivity in the age groups examined is about the same as that observed in previous studies on this subject.
Papain‐induced asthma: diagnosis by skin test, RAST and bronchial provocation test
Authors: BAUR X. , FRUHMANN G. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeven out of eleven workers occupationally exposed to airborne papain developed immediate hypersensitive reactions, predominantly asthma and rhinitis. Skin tests and RAST with papain were positive in all symptomatic workers, but not in the four asymptomatic workers. Furthermore, out of forty non‐exposed asthmatics, thirty‐eight had negative RAST results and all had negative skin test results. Bronchial provocation tests with 0.15–0.5 mg papain performed in five patients with a positive case history showed in each case an immediate asthmatic reaction; in addition to that, one patient developed signs of a dual asthmatic reaction.Our results suggest that airborne papain is a highly immunogenic agent in humans, which induces type I allergic reactions in a large percentage of the exposed subjects.
Anaphylactoid reactions to infusions of plasma protein and human serum albumin Role of aggregated proteins and of stabilizers added during production
Authors: RING J. , STEPHAN W. , BRENDEL W. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySix patients suffering from anaphylactoid reactions after infusion of pasteurized plasma (PP) or human serum albumin (HSA) were investigated. Clinical symptoms ranged from urticaria and hypotension to cardiac arrest. Immunoglobulin levels, especially of IgA, were normal, as were concentrations of complement factors C3, C4 and factor B. In skin and lymphocyte transformation tests patients, with the exception of one severely allergic to protein, did not react to the monomeric pure HSA. Five out of six patients reacted against HSA aggregates and three patients to the HSA modified by caprylate added as stabilizer during commercial HSA production. It is concluded that the anaphylactoid reactions developing after PP or HSA infusion result from a non‐specific reaction to protein aggregates and in some cases possibly from a specific immune response to the caprylate‐modified HSA.
Passive transfer in man and the monkey of Type I allergy due to heat labile and heat stable antibody to complex salts of platinum
Authors: PEPYS J. , PARISH W. E. , CROMWELL O. , HUGHES E. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPassive transfer (P–K) tests have been performed in man and monkeys with sera from a group of six refinery workers sensitive to ammonium hexachloroplatinate and tetrachloroplatinite. Positive (P–K) prick test reactions were elicited in three human recipients and in the monkey to three of the test sera. The other three sera gave inconsistent results in man and negative results in monkeys and these differences appeared to correspond with the duration of exposure of the workers. The passive transfer tests did not correlate with the intensity of the prick test reactions in the donors or with the RAST; there was partial correlation with total levels of IgE. Antigen mediated histamine release from whole blood and washed leucocytes from two of the six subjects correlated with the RAST and P–K levels. These findings confirm the presence of specific IgE antibody to the platinum salts, and also of heat stable, short‐term sensitising antibodies, presumably STS‐IgG.
Specific IgE antibodies to platinum salts in sensitized workers
Authors: CROMWELL O. , PEPYS J. , PARISH W. E. , HUGHES E. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA RAST has been developed for the measurement of IgE antibodies specific to platinum chloride complexes in sensitized workers. Human serum albumin covalently linked to Sepharose beads by the cyanogen bromide method was reacted with ammonium tetrachloroplatinite (II) (NH4)2PtCl4. This conjugate was more suitable for the RAST, than conjugates of HSA and the platinum salt prepared in solution and then linked to the activated Sepharose, showing better sensitivity and giving lower levels of non‐specific uptake of IgE from sera of non‐exposed subjects with high total levels of IgE, e.g. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillotics.
The evaluation of selected parameters of immune function in asthmatics after long‐term corticosteroid therapy
Authors: CHIANG J. , PATTERSON R. , McGILLEN J. , HARRIS K. , PHAIR J. , ROBERTS M. , RIESING K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe availability of inhaled beclomethasone diproprionate permitted the discontinuation of continuous, long‐term systemic corticosteroid therapy (SCT) in a group of asthmatics who had previously required SCT to control their asthma. Twelve patients had been on SCT for a period of 2–22 years with an average duration of 7 years. To determine whether this previous long‐term SCT and the current use of inhaled beclomethasone diproprionate had an effect on leucocyte functions, a variety of studies reflecting T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte and granulocyte function was done. The results were compared with those of twelve asthmatic patients of similar age ranges who had never received steroids. Results showed that the two patient populations could not be differentiated on the basis of phytohaemagglutinin stimulation of lymphocytes, sheep erythrocyte rosette formation, IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE concentrations or granulocyte bactericidal activity. Delayed skin reactivity was present in both groups, with more positive reactions in the non‐SCT group. Polymorphonuclear adherence values were slightly lower in the SCT female population using beclomethasone diproprionate. The latter two minor differences may be due to the previous SCT, the use of beclomethasone diproprionate or the limited population of patients studied. We conclude from these studies that the long‐term use of SCT at the low doses required for control of asthma resulted in little permanent effect on the variety of lymphocyte and granulocyte functions tested.
Circulating immune complexes in bronchial asthma
Authors: STENDARDI L. , DELESPESSE G. , DEBISSCHOP M. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySoluble immune complexes were detected by a solid phase Clq binding assay in forty‐two out of 106 well studied asthmatic patients (39.6%) and in eleven out of 145 age‐matched controls (8%; P < 0.01). Clinical significance of immune complexes has been evaluated by comparing the following parameters in patients with and without such complexes: age, sex, duration of disease, IgE‐mediated allergy (RAST, skin test), precipitins (Aspergillus, Candida albicans, Thermoactinomycetes), corticodependency, lung function tests, associated symptoms (hivernal bronchitis, urticaria, eczema, …), desenstization treatment, serum concentration in immunoglobulin in G, A, M and E. Immune complexes were found more frequently in female than in male patients. The prevalence of immune complexes was higher in patients treated by hyposensitization therapy and in cases with precipitating antibodies against thermophilic actinomycetes and Aspergillus.
IgE and IgG antibodies to bee venom as measured by a modification of the RAST method
Authors: KEMENY D. M. , LESSOF M. H. , TRULL A. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe radioallergosorbent test (RAST) has been widely used in studying allergy to hymenoptera stings, but with variable results. We report here a modification of the RAST method which in a total of 157 bee keepers and family members, gave a close correlation between a positive RAST, and a history of generalized (100%) or localized (95%) allergic reactions. There was no positive RAST among forty‐nine non‐atopic control subjects but a striking finding was that 58% of non‐allergic bee keepers had significant, but usually low, levels of IgE antibody to bee venom.IgG antibodies to bee venom have also been measured by a paper disc RAST which is quick and convenient. Levels were highest in non‐allergic bee keepers. In the presence of high levels of IgG antibody, IgE antibody levels may be underestimated.
Serum total IgE in normal subjects and the influence of a family history of allergy
Authors: SEARS M. R. , CHOW C. M. , MORSETH D. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe purpose of this study was to establish the range of serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE) in a healthy population free of personal and family history of allergy, and to determine whether a family history of allergy influenced serum IgE levels. Using commercially available Phadebas reagents, the mean serum IgE in eighty‐four adults aged 17–30 years with no personal or family history of allergy was found to be 38.8 iu/ml. Seventy‐five percent of subjects had a serum IgE below 50 iu/ml and in only one subject was serum IgE in excess of 150 iu/ml, which we suggest be taken as the upper limit of normal. When healthy subjects with no personal history but with a family history of allergy were included with this normal population, the mean serum IgE in 207 subjects was 95.4 iu/ml and the upper limit of the distribution curve over 200 iu/ml, suggesting an influence of genetic factors on IgE production.
A steroid sparing effect of ketotifen in steroid‐dependent asthmatics
Authors: LANE D. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a multicentre, double‐blind trial, the steroid sparing effect of a new anti‐anaphylactic agent ketotifen was assessed against placebo in eighty‐six steroid‐dependent asthmatics. Mean reduction in total daily prednisolone dosage in patients on ketotifen was 4.0 ± 3.6 mg compared to 1.7 ± 2.8 mg on placebo, a result significantly in favour of the active drug (P <0.01). This suggests that ketotifen has a place similar to that of disodium cromoglycate or steroid aerosols in the managment of steroid‐dependent asthmatics. It has the advantage of requiring only twice‐daily oral administration.
Serum IgE in infants and influence of type of feeding
Authors: JUTO PER , BJÖRKSTÉN BENGT 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerum IgE in healthy infants was followed longitudinally during the first year of life and was related to heredity for allergy and type of feeding. During the first 6 months of life there were no significant differences of serum IgE levels in relation to presence or absence of heredity for allergy and type of feeding. IgE levels determined at the age of 12 months in infants who were weaned after the age of 6 months were significantly higher than in infants weaned before that age (P<0.05). When the time periods had passed, following onset of cow's milk‐feeding and complete cessation of breast‐feeding, and were correlated to IgE at the age of 12 months, there were inverse significant correlations; i.e. the earlier the onset of cow's milk‐feeding the lower the IgE and the later the cessation of breast‐feeding the higher the IgE. This was particularly obvious as regards infants with heredity for allergy and a long duration of breast‐feeding (r=−0.43; P<0.01). Infants with heredity for allergy subjected to a hypoallergenic diet adhered to for 6 months had significantly higher IgE at the age of 12 months than infants with similar heredity but a normal diet (P<0.05). The results indicate that serum IgE during late infancy is influenced by both genetic factors and the time of introduction of cow's milk formula in the diet and the time of cessation of breast‐feeding.
Effects of oxatomide compared with chlorpheniramine in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
Authors: JUNIPER E. F. , CARTIER A. , TREBILCOCK A. L. , FRITH P. A. , DOLOVICH J. , HARGREAVE F. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOxatomide is an H1, receptor antagonist, which also inhibits antigen‐induced mediator release from sensitized mast cells and basophils. The effects of ingested oxatomide (30 mg/capsule) were compared with those of chlorpheniramine (5 mg/capsule) in a double‐blind non‐crossover study in two groups of twenty‐five subjects with ragweed pollen‐induced hay fever during the pollen season. Oxatomide or chlorpheniramine was started when symptoms became troublesome and was used in a dose of two to four capsules daily according to severity. Other medications were added, in a standardized way, if hay fever symptoms were not controlled by the test capsules. Forty‐one subjects completed the study; nineteen received oxatomide and twenty‐two chlorpheniramine. Mean symptom scores, number of test capsules and number of doses of additional medication were not significantly different between the two groups. Drowsiness was reported by subjects in both groups but was worse in the chlorpheniramine group (P<0.05). We conclude that, in the studied doses, oxatomide is as effective for the treatment of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis as chlorpheniramine and produces less drowsiness.
Soluble and participate activators of complement and granulomatous pulmonary reactions
Authors: PEARSON D. J. , GREEN F. H. Y. , MENTNECH SHARON M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to test the hypothesis that the histological changes of extrinsic allergic alveolitis result from non‐specific activation of the complement cascade we studied pulmonary reactions to equivalent doses of soluble and particulate activators of complement in rats. A single intratracheal instillation of zymosan, a particulate activator of the complement system, produced a florid granulomatous pneumonitis which was maximal at 5 days. This granulomatous reaction did not appear to be associated with the development of hypersensitivity to zymosan. Complement depletion by cobra venom factor did not suppress the granulomatous reaction. Equivalent doses of soluble activators of complement failed to produce any inflammatory changes in the lung. Large doses of immune complex produced an acute, complement dependent, haemorrhagic alveolitis which was maximal at 8 hr and which resolved completely by 48 hr. We conclude that the late granulomatous pulmonary reaction to intra‐tracheally administered zymosan is not due to an immune response, or a consequence of direct activation of the alternative pathway of complement, but is of ‘foreign body’ type. We urge caution in drawing conclusions regarding the pathogenesis of the allergic alveolitides on histological appearances alone.
Diagnosis of penicillin allergy by means of Phadebas RAST® penicilloyl G and V and skin tests
Authors: JARISCH R. , ROTH A. , BOLTZ ANGELIKA , SANDOR I. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFifty patients with suspected allergy to penicillin were tested. Skin tests were done with Na‐penicillin G and penicilloyl‐polylysin.Specific IgE antibody assays were done with penicilloyl G and V conjugates by means of RAST. The overall agreement between skin test and RAST results was 87%, borderline cases not included.In one case, skin tests were positive to penicillamine only, while RAST for penicilloyl G and V both proved to be positive. One case of penicillin allergy could be diagnosed in vitro post mortem only. Two cases of Hoigné syndrome showed no evidence of allergy.Patterns of skin manifestations varied but urticaria was the most commonly seen feature.Twenty patients without adverse reactions to penicillin treatment and seven patients who had not received penicillin over the last 10 years served as controls. None of them were positive in either skin tests or RAST.Two of our twenty control patients developed penicillin allergy during the study. Both showed positive RAST results.
A study of immunoglobulin G subclasses in patients with farmer's lung
Authors: STOKES T. C. , TURTON C. W. G. , TURNER‐WARWICK M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA quantitative estimate of the IgG subclasses in patients with farmer's lung has revealed significantly higher IgG3 levels in patients with this condition compared to an age‐matched group of control farmers similarly exposed to Micropolyspora faeni (P<0.01) and a group of normal blood bank donors (P < 0.001). The IgG1 and total IgG levels were significantly higher in both groups of farmers compared to blood bank controls (P<0.001). The possible significance of these observations is discussed in relation to susceptibility to the disease and its pathogenesis.