bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liquid-Vapor Equilibrium of Isotope Mixture under Centrifugal Force
Authors: Amaya Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Expressions for the distribution of the isotope mixture in liquid-vapor phase system under centrifugal force were derived. By the use of these expressions, the efficiency of the isotope concentration was estimated for actual cases under accessible conditions. It was found that an efficient concentration of the isotope from their mixture was possible by the proper design of an apparatus for successive distillation.
The Surface Tension and the Critical Micelle Concentration in Aqueous Solution of β-d-Alkyl Glucosides and their Mixtures
Authors: Shinoda Kozo , Yamaguchi Tokio , Hori Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The surface tension in aqueous solutions of β-d-alkyl glucoside and their mixtures at 25°C has been measured. The CMC was determined from the inflexions of the curves; octyl glucoside, 0.025 mol./1., decyl glucoside 0.0022 mol./1., dodecyl glucoside, 0.00019 mol./1. The effect of hydrocarbon chain length was explained theoretically. The CMC of mixtures has been also explained by the extension of the theory of ionic agents. The effect of added sodium chloride, calcium chloride and sodium sulfate on the surface tension in aqueous solution of octyl glucoside has been measured. The effect of added salts on the CMC was determined from the inflexions of the surface tension vs. logarithm of concentration curves.
The Resonance Effect of Amide Group on the Polymerizability of Lactam Derivatives. II. The Basicity of Amide Group of Lactams
Authors: Ogata Naoya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The addition reaction of hydrogen chloride with several cyclic or chain amides has been investigated by the infrared absorption measurement in order to study the correlation between the polymerizability of lactams and the resonance in the amide group. The equilibrium constant K for the addition reaction with cyclic amide (cis form) is 150∼180 and it becomes greater with enlargement of the ring size, while K for N-methyl lactams is about 30∼40. The K value for secondary chain amide (trans form) is 60. The heat of the addition reaction of hydrogen chloride with lactams becomes lower with the enlargement of the lactam ring and also with the N-methyl substitution of the amide hydrogen.
The stronger basicity of the cis amide compared with the trans amide may be due to the decrease of resonance in the amide group, and the stabilization of the lactam ring by the N-methyl substituion may be ascribed to the increase in resonance by hyperconjugation of the methyl group.
Reduction of Organic Compounds with Urushibara Catalysts under High Pressure. VII. Feature of Various Urushibara Catalysts as Revealed in the Reduction of Benzophenone
Authors: Taira Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
High pressure reduction of benzophenone was examined with various Urushibara catalysts under various conditions. The purity of benzophenone, the concentration and pH of a solution, reaction temperature and quantity of the catalyst exerted considerable effects on the rate of reduction. Effective Urushibara catalysts were prepared from the precipitated metals which were obtained from the metal chlorides and zinc dust at a low temperature.
Colloid Chemical Studies on Starching Materials. III. Dynamic Viscosity and Dynamic Rigidity of Starch Solutions
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki , Muragishi Kazuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The frequency dependences of dynamic viscosity and dynamic rigidity of (3 and) 5% starch pastes were measured by using a topdrive coaxial rheometer for potato starch, sweet potato starch and rice starch at 30°C. The results were compared with Maxwell’s four element model and Rouse’s model. Neither fit the experimental results. A structural change of the paste depending on the frequency was suggested.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Hydrogen Bond in Salicylaldehyde
Authors: Yamaguchi Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The concentration dependent behavior of the proton resonance spectra of salicylaldehyde in several solution systems were measured. The behavior of the OH resonance line for the solution systems showed the evidence of the existence of considerably strong intramolecular hydrogen bond in the molecule. The behavior of the ring proton spectrum on dilution suggested the occurrence of the charge migration in the ring affected by the change in the hydrogen bonding situation.
On the Differences in Monolayer Properties of Poly-γ-benzyl-l-glutamate and Poly-β-benzyl-l-aspartate
Authors: Ikeda Shoichi , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In view of the marked differences of PBLG and PBLA in crystals and in solutions, we have investigated their differences in monolayer states and further examined the monolayers of CP(BLG, BLA) and of the equimolar mixture of PBLG and PBLA. All these polymers were found to be of condensed type and their limiting areas to be about 22Å2. The surface compressibility at the region of rise of surface pressure was in the order: PBLA&gt;CP(BLG, BLA)&gt;PBLG. The surface moments of all these polymers were considerably higher than those of non-polar polypeptides. The surface moment of PBLA was 50 mD higher than that of PBLG, and that of CP(BLG, BLA) gave a value intermediate between them. PBLG and CP(BLG, BLA) exhibited high surface viscosities at a very low surface pressure region, but, in spite of the condensed nature of the monolayer, PBLA showed appreciable surface viscosity first at a high surface pressure region. The surface viscosities of PBLG and PBLA were higher at higher temperatures. From the data on surface pressure and surface moment, all these polymers were considered to have a configuration similar to the β-form in the spread state and possible configurations of side chains of PBLG and PBLA were deduced. It was found that the carbonyl group on the side chain of PBLG is far from the aqueous surface but that of PBLA is in contact with the surface and scarcely distinguishable from the carbonyl group on the main chain. Accordingly, PBLG can take a stable configuration like the β-form in monolayer, but the correspounding configuration of PBLA will be less stable owing to possible hydrogen bonding of the carbonyl group on the side chain with the imino group on the main chain and the resulting enhanced hydrophility of the side chain. This might be ascribed to the differences in surface compressibility and surface viscosity of PBLG and PBLA. The surface pressure behavior of the mixed monolayer of PBLG and PBLA was such as was expected, but its behavior in surface potential and viscosity was very anomalous.
Photochemical cis-trans Isomerizatin of Stilbene
Authors: Yamashita Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical isomerization of cis as well as trans-stilbene in n-hexane was studied kinetically in the temperature range 10∼30°C using the mercury lines of 313 and 334 mμ. Quantum yields were found to be 0.04 for the cis→trans, and 0.27 for the trans→cis conversion. Conversion rates for both directions obtained spectrophotometrically were found to be of the first order with respect to the substrate concentration, proportional to the light intensity, and nearly independent of temperature. Moreover in view of the difference in quantum yields and in optical properties of cis- and trans-stilbene, it seems probably that the reaction paths for the conversions in the two opposites directions are different from each other.
Oxidation of l-Dihydrocarveol and its Acetate with Selenium Dioxide
Authors: Sakuda Yoshitsugu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
l-Dihydrocarveol and its acetate were oxidized with a solution of selenium dioxide dissolved in tert-butyl alcohol, in the range of 15∼50°C. In the case of l-dihydrocarveol, the active methyl group of C9 position outside the ring was oxidized mainly. As the reaction products, dihydrocarvone, 8(9)-p-menthene-2,10-diol and 8(9)-p-menthen-2-ol-10-al were obtained. In the case of l-dihydrocarvyl acetate, the active methylidyne group of C4 position in the ring was oxidized mainly.trans (8)9-p-Menthen-2,4-diol and its monoacetate, 8(9)-p-menthen-2-ol-10-al acetate and 3, 8(9)-p menthadien-2-ol were identified. Excepting dihydrocarvone, these products are new compounds.
Ultraviolet Spectra of N-Heterocyclic Systems. II. The Spectra of 5∼8-Hydroxyisoquinolines and Related Compounds
Authors: Nakanishi Koji , Ohashi Mamoru , Kumasaki Shoichiro , Koike Hisashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The spectra of monohydroxymonoazanaphthalenes in which the hydroxyl group is neither α nor γ to the ring nitrogen atom have been compared under various conditions. Shifts of peaks accompanying changes in the species involved have been generalized and a distinction between the spectra of the α- and β-naphthol type hydroxyazanaphthalenes has been made.
Reactions of Quinaldil and its Related Compounds with Alkali. I. Quinaldil and Phenyl-2-quinolyl Diketone
Authors: Oda Daihei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the reaction of quinaldil or phenyl-2-quinolyl diketone with alkali, the fission of C-C bond of dicarbonyl occurred and from the half part of diketone common to each, a red-orange compound and a small amount of hydroquinaldoin were obtained and the other half gave the corresponding acid. The colored compound was found to be consisting of quinaldic acid and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinaldic acid. These results refuse to accept Hammick’s explanation about the reaction of quinaldil with alkali, in which there is a mistake fundamentally.
Reaction of Hydrogen Peroxide on Fatty Acid Esters under Pressure. III. Oxidation of Methyl 9,10-Dihydroxystearate
Authors: Kameoka Hiromu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate is oxidized with a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution, under such conditions as the mole ratio of methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate to hydrogen peroxide is one to fifteen or more, the reaction time 2 hr., the temperature 138∼155°C, and the pressure 110∼145 kg./cm2. Also, it was recognized that 80% or more of methyl 9,10-dihydroxystearate was oxidized.
As the oxidation products, acetic, propionic, butyric, caproic, caprilic, pelargonic, caprinic and lauric acids were obtained as monobasic acids, and oxalic, malonic, succinic, adipic and azelaic acids were also produced as dibasic acids. Especially, succinic and adipic acids were obtained with good yield.
Bile Acids and Steroids. XXV. Studies on the Hog Bile Acids (Part 5). On the Oxidation of Epimeric 3,6-Dihydroxycholanoic Acids with N-Bromosuccinimide
Authors: Kawanami Jun’ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The order of susceptibility of the hydroxyl groups in epimeric 3,6-dihydroxycholanoic acids to the oxidation with NBS was determined and the results were as follows:
6β(a)&gt;3β(a)&gt;3α(e)&gt;6α(e) (A/B : cis)
6β(a)&gt;3β(e)&gt;6α(e) (A/B : trans)
(2) Reaction mechanism of the oxidation with NBS was discussed.
An Empirical Method for Estimating Normal Boiling Point and other Physical Properties of Alkene Hydrocarbons
Authors: Tamura Mikio , Kurata Michio , Nakanishi Koichiro , Nagata Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A method of estimating the structural variation in the boiling point and other physical properties of alkenes is developed. By this method, all properties are expressed in terms of a structural constant called the “effective carbon number” which depends on the number and relative position of double bonds and those of side chains but not on external variables such as the temperature. An empirical equation is presented to correlate the effective carbon number with molecular structure. By combining the use with the previously presented nomogram, it is proved to be quite useful for rapid evaluation of various properties including the temperature-vapor pressure relationship and the critical constants.
Infrared Absorption Spectra of Water of Crystallization in Copper Sulfate Penta- and Monohydrate Crystals
Authors: Gamo Itaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The observed spectra of water in the penta-and monohydrate crystals were interpreted by the effects of coordination copper-water and hydrogen bonding O-H…O. The whole difference in the spectra of the two crystals were explained in relation to the escape of the four ligand water molecules and the resulting rearrangement of atoms. The stretching, bending and rocking modes, which are single in the case of the pentahydrate, split into doublets in the monohydrate. This result was explained by a single assumption of strong coupling of two neighboring water molecules in the latter.
Neutron and γ-Irradiation of Propionamide
Authors: Tachikawa Enz\={o} , Tsuchihashi Gen-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two methylation reactions of propionamide by 14C-hot atom, and of methyl radical from 60Co γ-ray irradiation and methylation reaction of propionic acid by methyl radical from thermal decomposition of acetyl peroxide were carried out and the reactivities of these species were studied. The methyl radical produced by 60Co γ-ray irradiation of propionamide gave the 3:2 mixture of butyr- and isobutyramide. This ratio agrees with the activity distribution of butyr- and isobutyramide in the neutron irradiation of propionamide. On the other hand the methyl radical produced by the thermal decomposition of acetyl peroxide in propionic acid gave 1:2 mixture of butyric and isobutyric acid. From the above results the reactions in the γ-ray irradiation are considered to be high reaction of acetyl peroxide in propionic acid is considered to be a free radical reaction.
Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis with Tubular Reactor of 18.1 1. Catalyst Bed. I. Reactor with Constant Temperature Wall
Authors: Kuraishi Michio , Kurita Minoru , Hosoya Tadasuke , Ichinokawa Hideo , Ogawa Kiyoshi , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By the aid of the calculating procedure developed by us on the basis of experimental data available in the synthesis with the reactor of 21. catalyst bed, prediction of the temperature profile as regards the synthesis with the reactor of 18.1 1. catalyst bed has been made. The predicted temperature profile expresses the tendencies observed in the actual synthesis with the latter reactor, though a complete agreement has not yet been obtained because of a lower output than was expected.
The calculating procedure has been applied to draw the temperature profile on the basis of the present experimental concentration gradients along the reactor. The profile thus drawn agrees well with the measured one.
The Effects of pH on the Flocculation of Quartz Aqueous Suspensions
Authors: Ohyama Tadashi , Shimoiizaka Junzo , Usui Shinnosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of pH on the flocculation of quartz aqueous suspensions containing Ba2+, Fe3+ or Cu2+, respectively, were investigated by means of electrokinetic measurements. The violent flocculation takes place in the characteristic range of pH with respective cation involved. The calculation of the potential energy between approaching quartz particles indicates that the violent flocculation is readily explained, not by the decrease of electrical repulsion, but by the consideration of an attractive force other than van der Waals attraction.
Electronic Spectra of Substituted Aromatic Hydrocarbons. II. Naphthols and Naphthylamines
Authors: Baba Hiroaki , Suzuki Satoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of α-, β-naphthols and α-, β-naphthylamines have been newly measured down to 200 mμ. On the basis of a calculation which was carried out in the same manner as in the preceding paper, the effect of substitutions at α- and β-positions upon the spectrum of napthalene has been explained and the assignment of the observed absorption bands has been made. It is suggested that, upon substitution at the α-position, the Au→B3u+ band of naphthalene splits into two electronic bands because of the interaction of the B3u+ state with a B1g+ state. Molecular diagrams are given for naphthylamines and for aniline.
Theory on the Light Scattering of High Polymer Solutions Considering the Anisotropy of Segments
Authors: Nakagaki Masayuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The anomaly of the angular dependency of the reduced scattering intensity in the Zimm plot for infinitely dilute solution was discussed for the solutions of high polymer molecules having anisotropical segments, and the theoretical relationship between Kc⁄Ru(θ) and θ was derived. The equation had the same form for both intrinsic anisotropy and form aniso-tropy. In the latter case, the axial ratio of the spheroid of excess polarizability was concluded to be not equal to the axial ratio of the segment. Moreover, the correction factor for the molecular weight was derived.
Applying these theoretical equations to the experimental data by Ehrlich and Doty on the solution of copolymer of methacrylic acid and 2-dirnethylaminoethyl methacrylate, it was shown that the anomalies of the Zimm plot could be explained by assuming that the segments have intrinsic anisotropy.
It was also suggested that the scattering ratio is a good criterion to see whether the anomaly is actually due to the anisotropy of segments or not.
The Mannich Base of Troponoid and its Application. V. On the Mannich Base of 3-Isopropyltropolone (α-Thujaplicin)
Authors: Ogura Kyozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Mannich reaction was applied to 3-isopropyltropolone and 3-isopropyl-5, 7-dimorpholinomethyl, and 3-isopropyl-5, 7-dipiperidinomethyltropolone were obtained. These substituents were easily substituted by diazonium salt or bromine. Some of the Mannich bases obtained were found to retain the zwitterion structure in the solid state.
Infrared Spectra and the Structure of Some Metal-oxamide Complexes
Authors: Kuroda Yoko , Kato Michinobu , Sone Kôzô 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared absorption spectra of potassium bis(oxamido)niccolate(II) and potassium bis-(oxamido)cuprate(II) were recorded in the wave number region from 700 to 4000 cm−1 and compared with those of pure oxamide. These spectra revealed that metal-nitrogen bonds are formed in these complexes. The observed frequencies were interpreted in terms of a planar structure having the symmetry D2h.
The Aconite Alkaloids. XXXV. On Lucidusculine. V
Authors: Amiya Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Luciculine (II) was isomerized to a ketone base, isoluciculine (III), and this fact shows the presence of an allyl alcohol system in the structure of compound II. The previous report concerning bromoanhydrolucidusculine hydrobromide (IV) was in part revised.
Polarographic and Spectrophotometric Studies on Trimethylpyruvic Acid
Authors: Takagi Masanosuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Polarographic and spectrophotometric behavior of trimethylpyruvic acid has been investigated.
The limiting current of trimethylpyruvic acid shows a minimum value in pH about 0.5. The absorption spectra show the absorption maximum at about 310 mμ in aqueous solutions, indicating the decrease of the optical density in strongly acid pH. These facts have been accounted for by the hydration of carbonyl group of undissociated acid.
pKa for apparent dissociation constant of trimethylpyruvic acid has been spectrophoto-metrically obtained to be 1.52 at 25°C.
Hydration constant of the undissociated acid (Kh=[AHaq]/[AH]) has been kinetically obtained to be 0.46 at 25°C. The rate constant of dehydration of hydrated trimethylpyruvate in buffer solution of pH about 5 was 2.8×10−2 sec−1 at 25°C. From the temperature dependence of the hydration constant, the heat of hydration of unhydrated acid has been found to be −8.2kcal.
A quantitative interpretation of the pH-dependence of the limiting current has been attempted by deriving the equation, involving the hydration and dissociation factors. The agreement of the theoretical curve with the experimental is good, except for the pH range below 0.5, where acid catalyzed dehydration of hydrated acid should be taken into consideration.
Rate constants of the dissociation and recombination of trimethylpyruvic acid have been found to be kd=6.0×105 sec−1 and kr=1.4×107 1. mol−1 sec−1, respectively.
A Simplified Model for the Structure of Water
Authors: Wada Goro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Various characteristic properties of liquid water can be explained fairly well by a simple structural model proposing that water consists of an equilibrating mixture between two states: the icy state which possesses ice structure and appears and disappears locally and temporarily, and the packed state in which water molecules are closely packed without hydrogen bondings. Only assuming that the fraction of the icy state at 100°C is 0.2, the fractions and the equilibrium constants at various temperatures are calculated, and therefrom the heat and the entropy of fusion of ice, the specific heat and the heat of vaporization of liquid water are derived, which are all in good agreement with the observed values. The radial distribution function of water obtained by X-rays reveals the packed state to have a structure similar to the closest packing, and the surface tension of water tells that the surface of water is more abundant in the icy state than the bulk water is, positively adsorbed as if it were a kind of surfactants. The heat of ionization and the activation energy of electric conduction are qualitatively described by the rotation mechanism of water molecules in the icy state. A reasonable explanation concerning the existence of the temperature of the maximum density and the effects of different substances upon it are also offered.
Iodine-photocatalyzed cis-trans Isomerization of Stilbene
Authors: Yamashita Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rate of isomerization of cis- and trans-stilbene in n-hexane solution has been studied spectrophotometrically over the temperature range 10∼30°C in the presence of iodine under irradiation of light. The conversion rate of cis-stilbene has been found to be proportional to the square root of light intensity, to the concentration of cis-stilbene and to the square root of the iodine concentration in both wavelength ranges 360∼430 and 530∼600 mμ. The activation energies and quantum yields of conversion are however different in these ranges of wavelength. These results, combined with absorption curves of various components present in solution, show that the primary process in the range 530∼600 mμ is I2+hv→2I and that in the range 360∼430 mμ it is probably CI2+hv→CI2* followed by CI2*+C→2CI, where CI2 represents a molecular complex formed between iodine and cis-stilbene. Secondary reactions, suggested from the kinetics, are C+I\leftrightarrowsCI and CI→TI→T+I with one or more elimination steps for unstable species, T representing trans-stilbene. Rate of isomerization of trans-stilbene in the presence of iodine under irradiation of light in the range of wavelength 310∼400 mμ has been found to be identical with the rate observed in the absence of iodine under the same condition, excepting the absence of iodine. An explanation for this finding has been given.