bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
High Fat Diet–Wheat Gliadin Interaction and its Implication for Obesity and Celiac Disease Onset: In Vivo Studies
Authors: Haneishi Yuri , Treppiccione Lucia , Maurano Francesco , Luongo Diomira , Miyamoto Junki , Rossi Mauro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe intestinal immune system plays a crucial role in obesity and insulin resistance. An altered intestinal immunity is associated with changes to the gut microbiota, barrier function, and tolerance to luminal antigens. Lipid metabolism and its unbalance can also contribute to acute and chronic inflammation in different conditions. In celiac disease (CD), the serum phospholipid profile in infants who developed CD is dramatically different when compared to that of infants at risk of CD not developing the disease. In a mouse model of gluten sensitivity, oral wheat gliadin challenge in connection with inhibition of the metabolism of arachidonic acid, an omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid, specifically induces the enteropathy. Recent evidence suggests that gluten may play a role also for development of life‐style related diseases in populations on a high fat diet (HFD). However, the mechanisms behind these effects are not yet understood. Exploratory studies in mice feed HFD show that wheat gliadin consumption affects glucose and lipid metabolic homeostasis, alters the gut microbiota, and the immune cell profile in liver.
A novel single‐layer dual‐band circularly polarized metasurface antenna for maritime communications
Authors: Mao Yunlong , Liu Haonan , Li Si , Zhu Minghui , Zhang Shunqi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this article, a novel single‐layer dual‐band circularly polarized (CP) metasurface antenna for maritime applications is proposed. The metasurface is composed of 4 × 4 hexagonal patches with two different sizes printed on one side of the low‐profile FR4 substrate, while a slot antenna is printed on the other side. A slit is etched in the middle of each hexagonal patch to enhance modal significance, forcing the current flows to be orthogonal to each other at different modes, generating CP waves as identified with characteristic modal analysis. The proposed antenna has been fabricated and measured. Simulated and measured results match well, of which the impedance bandwidth is 55.96% (4.8–8.53 GHz), 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth is 2.7% from 5.46 to 5.61 GHz with a maximum gain of 9.58 dBic and 8.2% from 7.86 to 8.53 GHz with a maximum gain of 9.02 dBic. The proposed antenna is structurally stable, and is applicable for maritime radio navigation and communication services.
Human brain clearance imaging: Pathways taken by magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents after administration in cerebrospinal fluid and blood
Authors: van Osch Matthias J. P. , Wåhlin Anders , Scheyhing Paul , Mossige Ingrid , Hirschler Lydiane , Eklund Anders , Mogensen Klara , Gomolka Ryszard , Radbruch Alexander , Qvarlander Sara , Decker Andreas , Nedergaard Maiken , Mori Yuki , Eide Per Kristian , Deike Katerina , Ringstad Geir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOver the last decade, it has become evident that cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) plays a pivotal role in brain solute clearance through perivascular pathways and interactions between the brain and meningeal lymphatic vessels. Whereas most of this fundamental knowledge was gained from rodent models, human brain clearance imaging has provided important insights into the human system and highlighted the existence of important interspecies differences. Current gold standard techniques for human brain clearance imaging involve the injection of gadolinium‐based contrast agents and monitoring their distribution and clearance over a period from a few hours up to 2 days. With both intrathecal and intravenous injections being used, which each have their own specific routes of distribution and thus clearance of contrast agent, a clear understanding of the kinetics associated with both approaches, and especially the differences between them, is needed to properly interpret the results. Because it is known that intrathecally injected contrast agent reaches the blood, albeit in small concentrations, and that similarly some of the intravenously injected agent can be detected in CSF, both pathways are connected and will, in theory, reach the same compartments. However, because of clear differences in relative enhancement patterns, both injection approaches will result in varying sensitivities for assessment of different subparts of the brain clearance system. In this opinion review article, the “EU Joint Programme – Neurodegenerative Disease Research (JPND)” consortium on human brain clearance imaging provides an overview of contrast agent pharmacokinetics in vivo following intrathecal and intravenous injections and what typical concentrations and concentration–time curves should be expected. This can be the basis for optimizing and interpreting contrast‐enhanced MRI for brain clearance imaging. Furthermore, this can shed light on how molecules may exchange between blood, brain, and CSF.
Evaluation of the quality of management processes as a determinant of NGOs' effectiveness
Authors: Miškolci Simona , Rajchlová Jaroslava 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the essential prerequisites for increasing nonprofit organizations' effectiveness is the management's quality. The proposed Plan‐Do‐Check‐Act‐based evaluation method enables the NGO management analysis to identify shortcomings and allows benchmarking according to the quality of management processes for continuous improvement. The case evaluation study shows the application results, and their interpretation synthesizes the method's benefits and drawbacks.
Warfarin dosage in a postpartum woman while breastfeeding: A case report
Authors: Uppuluri Ellen , Idrees Niha , Shapiro Nancy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWarfarin is the only oral anticoagulant recommended in women who are breastfeeding. Although warfarin is a compatible and recommended agent in the postpartum period and during lactation, little is known regarding changes to warfarin dose requirements in this patient population. Here, we report the case of a 40‐year‐old woman who transitioned from enoxaparin monotherapy back to warfarin at 2 months postpartum, while she was breastfeeding. Despite resuming warfarin at her previously therapeutic dose, her international normalized ratio (INR) remained subtherapeutic and required multiple dose increases. She ultimately required a 100% increase in her warfarin dose postpartum, compared to pre‐pregnancy, to achieve a therapeutic INR. This case suggests patients may require higher warfarin doses postpartum, compared to pre‐pregnancy, especially if breastfeeding. Clinicians should closely monitor these patients and adjust warfarin doses as necessary.
Exploratory analysis of spontaneous versus paced breathing on heart rate variability in veterans with combat‐related traumatic injury
Authors: Maqsood Rabeea , Schofield Susie , Bennett Alexander N. , Khattab Ahmed , Bull Anthony M. J. , Fear Nicola T. , Boos Christopher J. ,   for the ADVANCE Study
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRespiration is a crucial determinant of autonomic balance and heart rate variability (HRV). The comparative effect of spontaneous versus paced breathing on HRV has been almost exclusively explored in healthy adults and never been investigated in an injured military cohort.ObjectiveTo examine the effect of spontaneous versus paced breathing on HRV in veterans with combat‐related traumatic injury (CRTI).DesignObservational cohort study.SettingArmeD serVices trAuma rehabilitatioN outComE (ADVANCE) study, Stanford Hall, UK.ParticipantsThe sample consisted of 100 randomly selected participants who sustained CRTI (eg, amputation) during their deployment (Afghanistan 2003–2014) and were recruited into the ongoing ADVANCE prospective cohort study.InterventionNot applicable.Main Outcome MeasureHRV was recorded using a single‐lead ECG. HRV data were acquired during a sequential protocol of 5‐minute spontaneous breathing followed immediately by 5 minutes of paced breathing (six cycles/minute) among fully rested and supine participants. HRV was reported using time domain (root mean square of successive differences), frequency domain (low frequency and high frequency) and nonlinear (sample entropy) measures. The agreement between HRV during spontaneous versus paced breathing was examined using the Bland–Altman analysis.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 36.5 ± 4.6 years. Resting respiratory rate was significantly higher with spontaneous versus paced breathing (13.4 ± 3.4 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 breaths/minute; p < .001), respectively. Resting mean heart rate and root mean square of successive differences were significantly higher with paced breathing than spontaneous breathing (p < .001). Paced breathing significantly increased median low frequency power than spontaneous breathing (p < .001). No significant difference was found in the absolute power of high frequency between the two breathing protocols. The Bland–Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between HRV values during spontaneous and paced breathing conditions with wide limits of agreement.ConclusionSlow‐paced breathing leads to higher HRV than spontaneous breathing and could overestimate resting “natural‐state” HRV.
The feasibility and acceptability of integrating dogs into inpatient rehabilitation therapy with children with acquired brain injury
Authors: Narad Megan E. , Knestrick Kaelynn , Wade Shari L. , Kurowski Brad G. , McConnell Allen R. , Quatman‐Yates Catherine C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionChildren with acquired brain injury (ABI) are at risk for poor therapeutic engagement due to cognitive impairment, affect lability, pain, and fatigue. Animal‐assisted therapy (AAT) has the potential to improve patient engagement in rehabilitation therapies; however, the feasibility of integrating AAT into the rigorous therapy schedule of inpatient clinical care or its reception by patients, families, and staff is unknown.ObjectiveTo examine the feasibility and acceptability of incorporating dogs into physical therapy and occupational therapy sessions with pediatric patients being treated on an inpatient rehabilitation unit for acquired brain injury.DesignA feasibility study of AAT within the context of a within‐subjects crossover study.SettingPediatric inpatient rehabilitation unit.ParticipantsSixteen patients, aged 7–28 years (mean = 13.6 years, standard deviation [SD] = 5.2 years; 50% male), being treated on the inpatient rehabilitation unit following ABI.InterventionAAT – the integration of dogs into inpatient physical therapy and occupational therapy sessions.Main Outcome MeasuresFeasibility measures: enrollment rate, the proportion of AAT sessions a dog attended, adverse events, instances where therapist or handler ended session early, patient animal closeness, and utilization of dog in session. Satisfaction measures: parent satisfaction questionnaires and therapist feedback.ResultsFeasibility was supported by high enrollment rate (88.9%) and dog attendance rate of 93%–95%; 84.3% of sessions used the dog in multiple ways and patients reported a high level of closeness with the dog in session, indicating that the dogs were integrated in meaningful ways. No adverse events were noted, therapists reported that intervention was convenient, and clinical care was not negatively impacted. A high level of satisfaction was reported by families and therapists.ConclusionsFindings suggest that AAT is feasible and acceptable, and it may be a valuable tool for therapists working with patients with ABI on an inpatient rehabilitation unit.
Integration of mathematical modeling and target‐based application of biocontrol agents for the control of Botrytis cinerea in vineyards
Authors: Altieri Valeria , Rossi Vittorio , Fedele Giorgia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDBiocontrol agents (BCAs) are alternatives to synthetic fungicides with low risk to the environment and human health. Although several studies on the biocontrol of gray mold in vineyards have been performed, it is necessary to improve the usage of BCAs in fields conditions. Therefore, in the present study, BCAs were used both in calendar‐based [based on four growth stages (GSs), i.e., flowering, pre‐bunch closure, veraison, and before harvest] and predictive model‐based strategies (only when Botrytis cinerea infection risk was predicted by the model). The BCAs applied during the seasons were selected considering the grapevine GSs. Treatments performed with BCAs were compared with synthetic fungicide treatments and an untreated control. The trials were conducted in three experimental vineyards with four epidemics. To evaluate the level of gray mold control of each treatment, disease severity was assessed at harvest and the presence of latent infection was evaluated.RESULTSThe integrative use of the predictive model and BCAs provided satisfactory levels of gray mold control, with gray mold severity levels significantly lower (P < 0.001) than those of the untreated control, which had severity values (< 7%) similar to those observed with synthetic fungicides following both calendar and model‐based strategies.CONCLUSIONSThe integrative use of the predictive model and BCAs represents a valid alternative to conventional methods of gray mold control in vineyards, with more than 75% reduction in fungicide usage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Childhood neighbourhoods and life‐time fertility in twentieth‐century Southern Sweden: A k‐nearest neighbour approach
Authors: Souza‐Maia Vinicius , Dribe Martin , Hedefalk Finn 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite a large literature on the importance of childhood neighbourhoods for life course transitions, there is a lack of fertility studies combining a life‐course perspective with detailed neighbourhood measures. Addressing this gap, we use longitudinal data in which the entire population of a Swedish town is geocoded at the address‐level, 1939–1967, and linked to national registers from 1968 to 2015. We study how social neighbourhoods in childhood influence fertility outcomes by constructing individual neighbourhoods at the address level to measure the social class of nearby childhood neighbours. We analyse the age at first and last birth, children ever born, birth spacing and childlessness. Growing up in higher‐status neighbourhoods is associated with delayed fertility for both men and women, but no association is found for the number of children ever born or for childlessness. Associations are stable over time, and later ages of neighbourhood exposure matter more, especially for men. Contrary to prior literature's focus on the lower classes, our results are driven by higher‐status individuals growing up in distinctly white‐collar neighbourhoods.
Boosting the Energy Density of Bowl‐Like MnO2@Carbon Through Lithium‐Intercalation in a High‐Voltage Asymmetric Supercapacitor with “Water‐In‐Salt” Electrolyte
Authors: Qian Yudan , Zhou Zhiming , Zhang Qingcheng , Zhao Huaping , Chen Heng , Han Jintong , Wan Haiting , Jin Huile , Wang Shun , Lei Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHighly concentrated “‘water‐in‐salt”’ (WIS) electrolytes are promising for high‐performance energy storage devices due to their wide electrochemical stability window. However, the energy storage mechanism of MnO2 in WIS electrolytes‐based supercapacitors remains unclear. Herein, MnO2 nanoflowers are successfully grown on mesoporous bowl‐like carbon (MBC) particles to generate MnO2/MBC composites, which not only increase electroactive sites and inhibit the pulverization of MnO2 particles during the fast charging/discharging processes, but also facilitate the electron transfer and ion diffusion within the whole electrode, resulting in significant enhancement of the electrochemical performance. An asymmetric supercapacitor, assembled with MnO2/MBC and activated carbon (AC) and using 21 m LiTFSI solution as the WIS electrolyte, delivers an ultrahigh energy density of 70.2 Wh kg−1 at 700 W kg−1, and still retains 24.8 Wh kg−1 when the power density is increased to 28 kW kg−1. The ex situ XRD, Raman, and XPS measurements reveal that a reversible reaction of MnO2 + xLi+ + xe−↔LixMnO2 takes place during charging and discharging. Therefore, the asymmetric MnO2/MBC//AC supercapacitor with LiTFSI electrolyte is actually a lithium‐ion hybrid supercapacitor, which can greatly boost the energy density of the assembled device and expand the voltage window.
An Indacenodithienothiophene‐Based Wide Bandgap Small Molecule Guest for Efficient and Stable Ternary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Wang Han , Sun Xiaokang , Zhong Xiuzun , Wei Yulin , Xu Ruida , Wang Kai , Hu Hanlin , Xiao Mingjia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe strategic and logical development of the third component (guest materials) plays a pivotal and intricate role in improving the efficiency and stability of ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). In this study, a novel guest material with a wide bandgap, named IDTR, is designed, synthesized, and incorporated as the third component. IDTR exhibits complementary absorption characteristics and cascade band alignment with the PM6:Y6 binary system. Morphological analysis reveals that the introduction of IDTR results in strong crystallinity, good miscibility, and proper vertical phase distribution, thereby realizing heightened and balanced charge transport behavior. Remarkably, the novel ternary OSCs have exhibited a significant enhancement in photovoltaic performance. Consequently, open‐circuit voltage (VOC), short‐circuit current (JSC), and fill factor (FF) have all witnessed substantial improvements with a remarkable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.94% when L8‐BO replaced Y6. Beyond the pronounced improvement in photovoltaic performance, superior device stability with a T80 approaching 400 h is successfully achieved. This achievement is attributed to the synergistic interplay of IDTR, providing robust support for the overall enhancement of performance. These findings offer crucial guidance and reference for the design and development of efficient and stable OSCs.
Electron Donor‐Specific Surface Interactions Promote the Photocatalytic Activity of Metal‐Semiconductor Nanohybrids
Authors: Wengler‐Rust Soenke , Staechelin Yannic U. , Lange Holger , Weller Horst 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the past two decades, the application of colloidal semiconductor‐metal nanoparticles (NPs) as photocatalysts for the hydrogen generation from water has been extensively studied. The present body of literature studies agrees that the photocatalytic yield strongly depends on the electron donating agent (EDA) added for scavenging the photogenerated holes. The highest reported hydrogen production rates are obtained in the presence of ionic EDAs and at high pH. The large hydrogen production rates are attributed to fast hole transfer from the NP onto the EDAs. However, the present discussions do not treat the influence of EDA‐specific surface interactions. This systematic study focuses on that aspect by combining steady‐state hydrogen production measurements with time‐resolved and static optical spectroscopy, employing 11‐mercaptoundecanoic acid‐capped, Pt‐tipped CdSe/CdS dot‐in‐rods in the presence of a large set of EDAs. Based on the experimental results, two distinct EDA groups are identified: surface‐active and diffusion‐limited EDAs. The largest photocatalytic efficiencies are obtained in the presence of surface‐active EDAs that induce an agglomeration of the NPs. This demonstrates that the introduction of surface‐active EDAs can significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of the NPs, despite reducing their colloidal stability and inducing the formation of NP networks.
A Compact‐Sized Fully Self‐Powered Wireless Flowmeter Based on Triboelectric Discharge
Authors: Wan Dong , Xia Xin , Wang Haoyu , He Shaoshuai , Dong Jiadan , Dai Jinhong , Guan Dong , Zheng Junyu , Yang Xiya , Zi Yunlong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlow sensing exhibits significant potential for monitoring, controlling, and optimizing processes in industries, resource management, and environmental protection. However, achieving wireless real‐time and omnidirectional sensing of gas/liquid flow on a simple, self‐contained device without external power support has remained a formidable challenge. In this study, a compact‐sized, fully self‐powered wireless sensing flowmeter (CSWF) is introduced with a small size diameter of down to less than 50 mm, which can transmit real‐time and omnidirectional wireless signals, as driven by a rotating triboelectric nanogenerator (R‐TENG). The R‐TENG triggers the breakdown discharge of a gas discharge tube (GDT), which enables flow rate wireless sensing through emitted electromagnetic waves. Importantly, the performance of the CSWF is not affected by the R‐TENG's varied output, while the transmission distance is greater than 10 m. Real‐time wireless remote monitoring of wind speed and water flow rate is successfully demonstrated. This research introduces an approach to achieve a wireless, self‐powered environmental monitoring system with a diverse range of potential applications, including prolonged meteorological observations, marine environment monitoring, early warning systems for natural disasters, and remote ecosystem monitoring.
Damage assessment of plain, fiber, and reinforced concrete targets against low velocity long rod rigid projectile
Authors: Bisht Mohit , Iqbal M. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the present study, the behavior of plain, fiber, and reinforced concrete (PC, FC, and RC) targets against long rod rigid projectile had been investigated. Two different thickness, 55 and 80 mm of PC and FC targets were cast along with 80 mm thick RC targets with 6 different reinforcement configurations. A total of 34 different square targets were manufactured wherein, the aerial dimension measures 400 × 400 mm. The projectiles were made of hardened steel having ogive‐nose with a shank diameter of 18 mm and a mass of 450 g where the caliber‐radius‐head of the ogival nose was kept standard as 3. The ballistic response of all the targets were analyzed in terms of front and rear surface damage, mass loss rate, perforation thickness, and residual velocities against various impact velocities. Explanation regarding the behavior of three different concrete targets against long rod projectile impact loading has been well addressed through the basic laws and relevant theories associated with ballistic impact loading in order to provide guidance for subsequent research in the field of protective structures design. Additionally, perforation thickness and residual velocities corresponding to various impact velocities obtained from experimental study were also found to be in good agreement with the existing empirical model predictions.