bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF ANGIOTENSIN III IN THE REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE, PLASMA ALDOSTERONE AND PLASMA RENIN ACTIVITY IN RABBIT
Authors: Saito Ikuo , Saruta Takao , Eguchi Toyohisa , Kondo Kazuoki , Nakamura Ryuichi , Matsuki Shun 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To evaluate the role of angiotensin III in the control of blood pressure, plasma aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA), the pressor, steroidogenic and PRA-suppressing effect of angiotensin III was studied in rabbits with or without simultaneous constant infusion of Ile7-angiotensin III, an analogue of angiotensin III, or Sar1Ala8-angiotensin II, an analogue of angiotensin II, and compared with the effect of angiotensin II.
Infusion of 30 ng/kg/min of angiotensin III or angiotensin II produced a twofold increase in plasma aldosterone. Pressor response to angiotensin III was approximately one tenth of that of angiotensin II. Infusion of angiotensin II suppressed the PRA significantly, while infusion of angiotensin III did not suppress it. Angiotensin II or angiotensin III induced-increase in plasma aldosterone was attenuated by the pretreatment with either Ile7-angiotensin III or Sar1Ala8-angiotensin II. Pressor or PRA-suppressing action of angiotensin II was unaffected by the pre-treatment with Ile7-angiotensin III, while it was significantly inhibited by pre-treatment with Sar1Ala8-angiotensin II.
This study indicates that angiotensin III or angiotensin III analogues affect the adrenal glands selectively and suggests that there are differences between the receptor sites for angiotensins in vascular smooth muscle, kidney and those in the adrenal cortex.
STUDIES OF SEXUAL DIFFERENTIATION OF SHEEP
Authors: Wilson P. R. , Tarttelin M. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Forty ewes were given intramuscular injections of testosterone cypionate (200 mg) on each of the 20th, 27th and 40th days of gestation. This treatment ensured foetal exposure to testosterone from day 20 to day 65. Forty untreated ewes acted as controls. At birth, pre-natally androgenised male lambs were anatomically normal, but similarly treated female offspring displayed complete external genital masculinisation including the presence of a prepuce, penis and scrotum and the absence of an external vulval opening. No male gonads were present. Internally, the female lambs possessed ovaries, uteri, cervices and vagina of normal appearance. Two-weekly blood plasma samples were withdrawn from 10 androgenised and 6 control female offspring and 8 androgenised and 8 control male offspring from 4–30 weeks of age. Testosterone levels in males and LH levels in males and females were measured by radioimmunoassays. Analyses of variance showed that post-natal plasma LH levels in pre-natally androgenised lambs (male and female) were significantly depressed (P < 0.001), and that plasma testosterone concentrations in pre-natally androgenised males were subsequently depressed (P < 0.001). These results suggested that pre-natal androgenisation impaired hypothalamic hypophysiotrophic and/or pituitary function during the first 30 weeks of post-natal life which resulted either directly, or indirectly via reduced LH output, in a suppression of testosterone production by the testes.
CLINICAL STUDIES OF "BIG ACTH": ITS PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Authors: Yamada Yukio , Ito Seiki , Miyashita Masahiro , Kaneko Kenzo , Watanabe Toru , Shibata Akira , Sasaki Hideo , Tsutsui Kazuya , Kayamori Ryo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The big ACTH fractions available from human plasma and pituitary glands and from porcine pituitary glands were physico-chemically characterized by gel filtration, disc electrophoresis and isoelectric separation.
In the case of healthy human subjects, big ACTH fractions were isolated by gel filtration from plasma samples taken during states of acute ACTH hypersecretion such as the lysine-8-vasopressin, insulin or metopyrone tests though none of these fractions were isolated from plasma sampled under normal conditions. Even with no stimulation of ACTH secretion, patients with Cushing's disease gave plasma samples that contained an isolable big ACTH fraction, but such a fraction was hardly isolated from plasma taken from patient with Addison's disease. Both human pituitaries and porcine pituitaries contained an isolable big ACTH fraction. By a gel filtration analysis the molecular weight of the big ACTH was estimated to be higher than 20 000. Disc electrophoresis with an acrylamide gel indicated that big ACTH is strongly basic while small ACTH is more acidic than pH 8.3. Isoelectric separation revealed that the isoelectric point of human big ACTH is higher than pH 10.0 while that of small ACTH is about pH 6.8.
DIFFERENT BEHAVIOUR OF 19S THYROGLOBULIN EXTRACTED FROM NORMAL THYROID, SIMPLE GOITRE AND TOXIC GOITRE IN POLYACRYLAMIDE SLAB GEL ISOELECTRIC FOCUSING
Authors: Massi G. , Crivelli F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
19S thyroglobulin (19S TG) was isolated from normal thyroids, simple goitres and one case of toxic goitre (Graves' disease). With isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gel slabs (pH 4–6) several bands for each specimen were detected.
The migration patterns of the toxic goitre 19S TG were clearly different from the patterns of normal 19S TG and simple goitre 19S TG.
ACTION OF KI AND SEVERAL IODOCOMPOUNDS ON [3H]URIDINE INCORPORATION INTO THYROID RNA
Authors: de Pisarev D. L. Kleiman , Pisarev M. A. , Juvenal G. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The present studies were performed in order to further clarify the action of iodine and iodocompounds on the incorporation of labelled uridine into thyroid RNA. KI decreased RNA labelling but did not alter total [3H] uridine uptake or [3H]inulin distribution space. KI also inhibited the increase in RNA labelling produced by 8 mm glucose. T4 was more potent on a molar basis than KI in impairing uridine incorporation. TETRAC, TRIAC and isopropyl-T3 also decreased RNA labelling, while T2 and isopropyl-T2 were ineffective.
KI did not alter the distribution of the uridine derivatives, UMP, UDP and UTP, as determined by the distribution of [3H] uridine in these compounds by paper chromatography, suggesting that the action of KI does not take place at the step of uridine phosphorylation. Like its effect on TSH, KI also impairs the stimulatory effect of exogenous cAMP and cGMP on RNA labelling, suggesting that its action is exerted beyond the step of cyclic nucleotide formation.
Iodine and iodocompounds may exert their inhibitory action on RNA labelling at the step of nucleotide polymerization.
THE HORMONAL REGULATION OF HEPATIC MICROSOMAL 11β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
Authors: Lax Edmund Rodney , Ghraf Rüdiger , Schriefers Herbert 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Hepatic microsomal 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity is higher in male than in female rat liver. Gonadectomy on day 25 of life only affects the activity in the adult male animal, causing a decrease towards the normal female level. Administration of testosterone to gonadectomized rats of either sex causes the induction of typical male activity levels. On the basis of these experiments, this enzyme activity may be classified as androgen-dependent. However, 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase differs from other known androgen-dependent activities in that administration of oestradiol to gonadectomized animals of either sex causes a further significant repression of the activity to levels close to the limits of detection. Hypophysectomy on day 50 of life does not affect the activity in 75 day-old male rats, but causes the appearance of typically male activity levels in females. These results indicate that the hypophysis exerts a repressive influence on hepatic 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in female rats. The fact that this activity is not influenced by androgen or oestrogen administration once the pituitary has been removed demonstrates the obligatory role of the hypophysis for sex hormone action.
THE DISTRIBUTION OF HORMONE-SENSITIVE ADENYLATE CYCLASE IN RAT KIDNEY AND THE INTERACTION OF HORMONES IN ACTIVATING THE ENZYME
Authors: Nagata Naokazu , Araki-Shimada Nobuko , Ono Yuriko , Kimura Narimichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) on cAMP metabolism in rat kidney were examined with particular attention to the localization of the hormone-sensitive adenylate cyclase. In the cortical slices, CT produced an accumulation of cAMP only in the absence of PTH or in the presence of PTH in concentrations which did not induce a maximal increase in the cAMP levels. The lack of additive effect of PTH and CT was confirmed by examining the production of [14C]cAMP in the pre-labelled tissue. Although PTH-sensitive adenylate cyclase was demonstrated predominantly in the renal cortex, PTH also stimulated the enzyme of the tip of the renal papilla. The effect was elicited even in the presence of maximally effective concentrations of vasopressin (ADH). CT-sensitive adenylate cyclase was distributed through all the regions of the kidney except for the papillary tip. Its pattern of distribution exhibited a biphasic curve with peaks at inner medulla and outer cortex. The effect of CT on the enzyme from the papillary base was detected only in the absence of ADH. Additivity of the combined stimulation by addition of PTH and CT on adenylate cyclase varied in different regions of the kidney. Additivity was apparently total in papilla, but partial in medulla and absent in cortex. It is concluded that, although the patterns of distribution of adenylate cyclase responsive to PTH, CT and ADH are different, there are interactions of different degrees among the hormones in stimulating renal adenylate cyclase. This is especially true in the renal cortex, where the majority of PTH or CT sensitive adenylate cyclase activity are present. It seems that all the CT-responsive system is partly involved in the system responsive to PTH.
THE ROLE OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS IN THE TONIC SECRETION OF PROLACTIN INDUCED BY OESTROGENS IN THE RAT
Authors: Kato H. , Velasco M. E. , Rothchild I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
To investigate where oestrogens act to induce an increase in the tonic release of prolactin, the effect of ovariectomy alone or of ovariectomy plus oestradiol benzoate treatment (10 μg/day for 7 days) (OeB10) on the morning prolactin serum level in adult female rats was determined after each of the following procedures: frontal hypothalamic deafferentation (FHD) (a semi-lunar cut at the caudal border of the optic chiasma, separating the anterior hypothalamus from the preoptic area); medial hypothalamic deafferentation (MHD) (a similar cut, but separating the anterior from the posterior half of the hypothalamus); sham deafferentation; an electrolytic lesion of the arcuate-median eminence area (Arcuate-ME lesion); hypophysectomy and pituitary autotransplantation beneath the kidney capsule. The rats were ovariectomized 1 week after the latter procedure, or 3 weeks after the others, and OeB10 or oil vehicle treatment was begun one week after ovariectomy.
FHD, the Arcuate-ME lesion and pituitary autotransplantation markedly increased the basal prolactin level; MHD induced a much smaller increase. The level fell after ovariectomy only in the FHD group. A sharp and equal increase in the prolactin level occurred in the FHD, MHD and sham operation groups in response to OeB10; a much smaller and more variable increase occurred in the Arcuate-ME and pituitary autotransplantation groups.
The results suggest that oestrogens increase the tonic release of prolactin only in part by a direct action on the pituitary, and more importantly by acting on the posterior half of the hypothalamus or on areas with lateral, superior, or posterior afferent connections to this site.
CIRCADIAN AND 30 MINUTES VARIATIONS IN SERUM TSH AND THYROID HORMONES IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Weeke Jørgen , Gundersen Hans Jørgen G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Ten normal young males were investigated in order to examine diurnal and short-term variations in serum TSH and serum thyroid hormones. In five subjects blood samples were obtained every 30 min during a 24 h period of daily life. A synchronous diurnal rhythm was found for free T3 and serum TSH with low levels in the day-time and higher levels at night. The mean increase from day to night was 15 and 140 per cent, respectively. There was a tendency to a similar rhythm in free T4, but the increase of 7 per cent fell short of statistical significance. In the other five men blood samples were obtained every 5 min in a 6 to 7 h period starting within the interval from 19.15 to 22.00 h. A significant regular variation with a cycle-length of half an hour was found in TSH, free T3 and free T4. This rhythm accounted for a significant part of the total variation in the levels of TSH, free T3 and free T4. The mean amplitude of the short-term variation is 13, 15 and 11 per cent of the mean level of the respective hormones. The data suggest a pulsatile release of hormones from the thyroid gland governed by a pulsatile TSH secretion.
CORRELATION OF REVERSE-T3 AND 3,3′-T2 (T2′) PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS UNDER PHYSIOLOGICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS IN MAN
Authors: Hüfner M. , Grussendorf M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
T2′ plasma levels are measured under different conditions and correlated to the respective rT3 concentrations. Specific RIAs for T2′ and rT3 are used. Pharmacological doses of T3 cause an increase of plasma T2′; if T3 or T4 doses are administered to an athyroid patient which cause a similar level of plasma T3 the increase of T2′ is much larger during T4 treatment. Cord blood levels of T2′ are 2–3-fold higher than in normal adults whereas rT3 concentrations are about 10 times higher than normal. After birth rT3 and T2′ levels decrease in about a parallel manner. After a bolus iv injection of 500 μg rT3, T2′ starts to increase as early as 2 min after injection.
PTU in therapeutic doses causes a rapid increase of plasma rT3 with a maximum 4 h after ingestion. A dose of 150 mg PTU causes a maximum of about 100% above baseline. T2′ also increases but to a lesser degree (about 50 % above baseline).
We conclude that rT3 is the most important precursor of T2′ whereas T3 contributes only to a minor degree to the total T2′ production under physiological conditions.
THE EFFECT OF LITHIUM ON THE PERIPHERAL TURNOVER OF THYROXINE AND TRIIODOTHYRONINE
Authors: Kvetny Jan 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of lithium on the peripheral turnover of T4 and T3 was investigated in 14 euthyroid subjects using lymphocytes as target cells. Lithium caused a dose-dependent rise in T4 turnover, which did not lead to increased T3 production, but no rise in T3 turnover. A further 3 patients with lithium induced hypothyroidism were studied. Patients with high T4 turnover had high TSH values and in these patients lithium induced a decrease in T4 turnover.
This may lead to the conclusion that the demonstrated effect of lithium in the control group did not cause the low T4 in these patients. In 2 patients defective T4 degradation was demonstrated.
UNCONJUGATED OESTETROL IN PLASMA IN RESPONSE TO AN INTRAVENOUS LOAD OF DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULPHATE (DHAS) IN UNCOMPLICATED AND COMPLICATED HUMAN PREGNANCY
Authors: Axelsson Ove 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A non-chromatographic radioimmunoassay for estimation of unconjugated oestetrol in plasma from pregnant women is described. The antiserum has a high specificity to oestetrol. The technical procedure is simple and rapid. Only small amounts of plasma (0.2–0.4 ml) are needed for the analysis. The method has been applied to the measurement of oestetrol in plasma from pregnant women before and after an intravenous injection of 50 mg DHAS. In women with uncomplicated pregnancies a rise of plasma oestetrol was found 60 min after the injection. From 120 to 360 min there was a plateau level, at 600 min a decrease from this level was observed. No changes in the oestetrol response were found with advancing gestational age from the 33rd to the 40th week of pregnancy. A great spread in the individual responses were recorded. Patients with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth retardation had a tendency to a lower increase and patients with diabetes a tendency to a higher increase of plasma oestetrol after the DHAS administration. From the data obtained it is concluded that the increase of plasma oestetrol after an intravenous injection of DHAS in most cases is secondary to the increase of plasma oestradiol. The results suggest that measurement of unconjugated oestetrol in plasma after an intravenous load of DHAS is no safe way to assess foetal wellbeing. In women with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) the simultaneous measurement of plasma oestradiol and oestetrol after an injection of DHAS indicates a possibility to distinguish placental from foetal causes of this syndrome.
A QUANTITATIVE STUDY ON FEEDBACK CONTROL OF LH BY TESTOSTERONE IN YOUNG ADULT AND OLD MALE RATS
Authors: Pirke Karl M. , Geiss Michael , Sintermann Rainer 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hypothalamic-pituitary gonadal axis was studied in young adult (3 month old) and old (24 to 27 month old) male Wistar rats. Plasma testosterone decreased significantly in old animals (x̄: 262 ng/100 ml (n = 35); versus x̄: 110 ng/100 ml (n = 30)). The fall in LH was less pronounced but still significant (54.5 ng LH-RP-1/ml in young versus 39.5 ng/ml in old rats). Groups of 6 to 8 animals of both ages were castrated and implanted with silastic capsules continuously releasing testosterone. The length of the capsules was directly proportional to the plasma testosterone levels achieved (range between 63 and 350 ng/100 ml).
After one week young castrated rats not substituted with testosterone showed LH values three times higher (x̄: 351 ng/ml) than old rats treated in the same way (x̄ = 126 ng/ml). LH values in the animals substituted with testosterone indicate that the sensitivity of the negative testosterone-LH feedback is greatly increased in old rats. Testosterone can be depressed to 60 ng/100 ml before an increase in LH occurs. In young rats no increase in LH was observed when testosterone values were higher than 170 ng/100 ml. In the range between 170 and 100 ng/100 ml about half of the young animals reacted with increased LH secretion, while an increase was observed in all young animals when testosterone dropped below 100 ng/100 ml.
BASAL AND TRH-STIMULATED THYROID AND PITUITARY HORMONES IN VARIOUS DEGREES OF RENAL INSUFFICIENCY
Authors: Weissel M. , Stummvoll H. K. , Kolbe H. , Höfer R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Abnormalities of thyroid and pituitary function are well recognized in patients with end-stage renal failure. We have investigated the influence of varying degrees of renal insufficiency on serum thyroid (total thyroxine, TT4; total 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, TT3, and 3′,5′,3′-triiodothyronine, reverse T3) and pituitary (thyrotrophin, TSH; growth hormone, GH; prolactin, PRL) hormone levels before and after 200 μg thyrotrophin releasing hormone (TRH) iv administration.
Patients with mild renal insufficiency (= group 1, plasma creatinine (Cr) > 1.3 mg% but < 3.0 mg%) had normal basal and TRH-stimulated hormone concentrations. In patients at a more advanced stage of the disease (= group 2; Cr > 3.0 mg % but < 7.0 mg %) basal hormone concentrations were also normal. In contrast to the normal group, where no GH reaction to TRH could be detected, GH serum concentrations increased in these patients after TRH. The TT3 and PRL response to TRH remained normal. The TSH reaction to TRH was blunted in four, normal in two and exaggerated in one patient. Patients with end-stage renal failure (= group 3; Cr > 7.0 mg%) had significantly decreased basal TT3 concentrations but a normal TT3 response to TRH. Basal TT4, TT3 and TSH concentrations were normal. The TSH reaction was blunted in four and normal in three patients. The mean basal GH was elevated, albeit not significantly different from the control mean value. The GH increase after TRH was even more pronounced than in group 2. Basal PRL concentrations were significantly increased, but maximal differences between basal and TRH-stimulated concentrations were not significantly different from control.
Our data suggest that changes in the pituitary and hypothalamic control of GH are an early consequence of renal insufficiency. Alterations in thyroid function occur simultaneously on the pituitary – hypothalamic and peripheral level at a more advanced stage of the disease. PRL basal levels increase with decreasing renal function. In contrast to other studies we could not observe any significant influence of uraemia on the TRH-stimulated PRL reserve of the pituitary.
QUANTITATIVE AND FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT OF PERIPHERAL T-LYMPHOCYTES IN THYROID DISEASES
Authors: Grinblat Joseph , Shohat Batya , Lewitus Zigmund , Joshua Henry 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A functional as well as quantitative assessment of the peripheral T-lymphocytes was made in 90 patients with various forms of thyroid diseases, 43 with Graves' disease (GD), 23 with non-toxic multinodular goitre (NTMG), 18 with toxic nodular goitre (TNG) and 12 with well-differentiated thyroid cancer (TC), using the E rosette-forming test and the local graft-versus-host reaction (GVHR). Forty healthy volunteers served as controls. In addition, the glands removed from the 38 patients who underwent operation were evaluated histologically for lymphocytic infiltration. The percentage of E rosette-forming cells was found to be significantly lower than normal (58.0 ± 9.03) in the patients with GD (48.7 ± 9.83, P <0.01), NTMG (47.61 ± 12.34, P< 0.01) and TNG (48.8 ± 11.1, P < 0.02). The absolute T-cell count was significantly lower than normal (1207 ± 443) in the patients with GD (973 ± 331, P < 0.05) and NTMG (890 ± 360, P <0.02). The GVHR was completely negative or weakly positive in only 2 of the 40 (5 %) controls, in 14 of the 39 (35.9 %) patients with GD, 14 of the 23 (60.8 %) with NTMG, 9 of the 17 (53 %) with TNG and 3 of the 12 (25 %) with TC. The amount of lymphocytic infiltration in the surgical specimen showed no correlation with the T-cell count and GVHR of the peripheral blood lymphocytes of the patients. Analysis of the data in the group as a whole also failed to reveal any correlation between the GVHR and E rosette test. The GVHR is a functional test while the E rosette is a quantitative test. The findings of this study indicate that there is an impairment in the functional activity of the T-lymphocytes, patients with nodular goitre having shown a more pronounced impairment of cell-mediated immunity than those with GD and TC.
EFFECT OF BROMOCRIPTINE (CB-154) ON OESTROGEN-INDUCED PROLACTIN RELEASE
Authors: D'Agata R. , Scapagnini U. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to study the interaction between oestrogens and bromocriptine on PRL release, we evaluated the ability of bromocriptine (CB-154) to counteract the oestrogen-induced PRL release in four hyperprolactinaemic amenorrhoeic women. Bromocriptine acutely administered induced a similar percentage of PRL decrease in the same patient before and after oestrogen administration. When bromocriptine was chronically administered, contemporary oestrogen injection did not affect PRL release. These results show that bromocriptine is able to block the release of PRL induced by oestrogens, suggesting an interaction between oestrogens and DA-mimetic compounds on PRL release.
HYPOPITUITARISM AND ARTIFICIAL VENTILATION
Authors: Barber S. G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Anterior pituitary gland function was assessed in 50 patients maintained for more than 48 h on a mechanical ventilator. Partial hypopituitarism occurred in 7 patients which did not appear to affect survival and proved transient when subsequently re-assessed.
These results indicate that the pituitary infarcts previously reported in such patients are not clinically important.