bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Outcome and late effects of matched related peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation in children with severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Mohamed Wafaa EI , Monaem Mowafy Nadia MA , Talkhan Hala AS , Sayed Safa M , Ali AbdelZaher Alaa TM 
Published: April 2024

Background
Aplastic Anemia (AA) is a life- threatening disease. Cure can be achieved in a large proportion of patients with prompt treatment with matched sibling donor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT) as first line therapy.

Aim
Study of the outcomes and late effects among children with severe aplastic anemia after receiving matched related peripheral-blood stem-cell (PBSC) transplantation and cyclophosphamide/antithymocyte globulin conditioning regimen at Ain Shams University Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Cairo, Egypt.

Methods
Data of 15 patients with severe aplastic anemia who received matched related PBSC transplantation between January 2011 and December 2018 were analysed retrospectively. All long-term survivors were followed up for 2 years. Follow up studies included detailed assessment of growth, graft evaluation, immune reconstitution, long-term effects on the liver, kidney, pulmonary, cardiac, endocrine functions, chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and infectious complications.

Results
The median duration of the study was 87 months (43–115 months). The overall survival was 73.3%. Event-free survival was 66.7%. All mortality was within 2 months posttransplant. Blood counts were within normal limits. Chimerism was complete for all except one. Growth assessment revealed Z score of weight, height, and BMI 0 (−1.8–1.6), −0.7 (−1.8–0.95), and 0.34 (−1.29–2). Abnormal thyroid function was found in three (27%) patients. No documented high-grade acute GVHD or extensive chronic GVHD. Cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, and renal functions showed no abnormality. Immune reconstitution was consistent, and no malignant complications were reported.

Conclusion
This study confirmed the feasibility and safety of matched related PBSC transplantation in the pediatric population in low-income countries. Overall survival and event-free survival were satisfactory.
A T-cell receptor as a promising immunotherapeutic target in acute myeloid leukemia: expression of T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing-3 on bone marrow hematopoietic cells
Authors: Atif Heba M , Eid Inas A M 
Published: April 2024

Background
The emergence of immunotherapy has changed the treatment landscape of various types of cancers. However, limited target antigen remains to be a challenge for its application in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). T cell immunoglobulin and mucin-containing-3 (Tim-3) is an immune checkpoint receptor that plays a major role in the escape of host immune surveillance in AML. Thus, its role in cancer treatment needs to be thoroughly investigated.

Methods
Tim-3 expression on blasts, lymphocytes, and monocytes was analyzed by flow cytometry in bone marrow samples of 60 newly diagnosed AML patients and 30 matched non-neoplastic controls. Its association with different prognostic clinicopathological parameters was also evaluated. ROC curve confirmed the value of Tim-3 expression in discriminating AML patients from healthy controls and the role of Tim-3 in disease aggressiveness was also investigated.

Results
The median percentage of myeloblasts positive for Tim-3% and MFI were significantly higher in AML than normal controls (64.27% and 1.34 in patients vs. 41.89% and 1.12 in controls) and it was markedly associated with poor overall survival of the patients. Besides, the upregulation of Tim-3 on AML blasts was significantly higher than on lymphocytes and monocytes in denovo AML patients (P <0.001).

Conclusion
This study indicates Tim-3 as a poor prognostic marker in AML and highlights Tim-3 as a new therapeutic target antigen for immunotherapy with low off-target toxicity.
Prevalence of anti-glycoprotein V in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Azzazi Mohamed O , Nabeeh Nermeen A , Mohamed Asmaa M , Abdelfatah Rana G 
Published: April 2024

Background
Glycoprotein (GP) V is a well-characterized immune target in Varicella-associated and drug-induced thrombocytopenia. Recent studies have focused on the involvement of anti-GP V in the mechanism of platelet clearance as a recent paradigm in the pathophysiology of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), rather than other anti-GPs like GP IIb/IIIa, GP Ib/IX and less frequently GP Ia/IIa.

Objectives
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anti-GP V in adult ITP Egyptian patients and to detect its impact on the outcome in these patients.

Patients and methods
This was a cross-sectional study in which, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the level of serum anti-GP antibodies V was measured in the peripheral blood of 90 patients with primary ITP compared with 20 age-matched and sex-matched normal healthy controls and its relationship with clinical, laboratory parameters, and response to treatment.

Results
Our study revealed that anti-GP antibodies V level in the cases group was statistically significantly higher as compared with the control group (P=0.005). There was weak statistically significant positive correlation between platelet count and anti-GP V level antibodies in the cases group after treatment with a P value of 0.0548. However, the level of anti-GP V did not show significant correlation with the bleeding score (P=0.123), degree of thrombocytopenia (P=0.967), sex (P=0.067), bone marrow findings (P=0.448), spleen size (P=0.992), or with the response to steroid therapy (P=0.171).

Conclusion
This study points out that GP V is a frequent immune target in ITP and that the detection of GP-specific autoantibodies being of value in the pathogenesis of ITP. We recommend that further studies including GP V are required before ITP treatment can be tailored according to platelet autoantibody specificity.
Effect of single-nucleotide polymorphism in SLCO1B1 and CDA genes on response and toxicity of induction chemotherapy in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Hamdy Sara , El Ghandour Ashraf , Zaki Nadia , Abdelfattah Fatma , Tahoun Mona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease marked by clonal growth of myeloblasts in the bone marrow and peripheral circulation, leading to inefficient hematopoiesis and bone marrow failure. Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in the metabolism of gold standard drugs used in AML treatment influence treatment-related toxicities, response, and survival.

Aim
To study SNP rs (532545) of the CDA gene and SNP rs(2291075) of the SLCO1B1 gene in newly diagnosed adults with AML.

Patients and methods
The study included 75 newly diagnosed adult patients with AML admitted to Alexandria Main University Hospital in the period between November 2020 and December 2021. Clinical data and bone marrow samples were obtained. Molecular genetic analysis involving CDA and SLCO1B1 single-nucleotide gene polymorphisms was done using PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism-coupled analys real time PCR.

Results
The mean age was 40.3 ± 13.12 years. After induction chemotherapy with a 3 + 7 protocol, 29 (38.7%) patients achieved complete remission. Patients with homozygous variant T/T of SLCO1B1 gene had a lower risk of treatment-related anemia in comparison with C/T and C/C genotypes (P<0.001). The heterozygous C/T variant of the CDA gene rs (532545) had better relapse-free survival and overall survival when compared with the C/C and T/T genotypes, respectively. No statistically significant correlation between CDA and SLCO1B1 single-nucleotide gene polymorphisms and postinduction treatment response was found.

Conclusion
Polymorphisms in SLCO1B1 and CDA genes involved in chemotherapy metabolism pathways can be useful in assessment of treatment-related toxicities and overall survival.
Cognitive and psychosocial functioning in long-term survivors of pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant
Authors: Mohamed Wafaa Ezzat Ibrahim , Zaky Eman Ahmed , Kenny Mahmoud Adel , Nawar Marwa Magdy Hassan , Kassem Sabah Mohamed , Elhamid Salwa Amin Abd 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Long-term survivors after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) may encounter issues that lower their quality of life. Data on the psychological effects of HSCT in childhood are scarce. Morever, the effect of HSCT on cognitive function is regarded as a key issue.

Objectives
Assess survivors of HSCT for cognitive or psychological affection and explore their quality of life after HSCT.

Patients and methods
A cross-sectional Study was conducted on 25 long-term survivors of HSCT. The children psychological aspects were assessed using Pediatric Symptom Checklist (PSC), Self-esteem score of Rosenberg, Children Depression Inventory, Children anxiety scale, Pediatric Quality of Life (QOL),Wechsler III for IQ.

Results
The psychological evaluation scores of 14 males and 11 females showed that 28% of survivors had mild anxiety, 40% had a moderate anxiety and 32% had sever anxiety, according to PSC, 36% only reported emotional and behavioral problems. Regarding depression scale, 36% had mild depression and 12% had moderate depression and only 8% had severe depression. There was significant positive correlation between the survival period after transplantation and IQ (P value 0.008). There was statistically significant association between post-transplant infections and lower QOL (P value 0.047). Another significant association between chronic GVHD and lower self-esteem score (P value 0.031).

Conclusion
These findings brought to light ongoing issues with the cognitive and psychological evaluation of pediatric long-term survivors of HSCT, as well as the impact of chronic GVHD and post-transplant infection on their psychological evaluation, particularly on self-esteem score and QOL, respectively. Therefore, it is crucial to create focused treatments for pediatric HSCT care in Egypt. Psychologists must be a part of the transplantation care team.
Co-existence of hematological disease in cardiac patients presented with chest pain
Authors: Azeem Rashid , Ullah Abid , Shah Syed S A , Khan Saba , Zeb Shah , Hussain Ijaz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The important association between hematological disorders and cardiovascular system originates within multiple points of interface, ranging from heart and its structural constituents, coronary arteries and veins, cerebrovascular, pulmonary and peripheral vasculature. Any anomaly of either of the blood components can severely affect the blood flow and blood viscosity which finally leads to thrombosis.

Objective
This study will help clinicians to evaluate those patients having hematological abnormality and are having potential prothrombotic state due to abnormal hemostasis.

Rationale
Introducing cardiac health screening in patients with any hematological disease can improve the quality of life of these patients.

Material and methods
This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in hematology Department of Peshawar institute of Cardiology after approval from hospital ethical and research committee. Study duration was 6 months. All patients were subjected to detailed history, clinical examination. Demographic (Age, Gender) and relevant clinical information. Investigation like CBC, coagulation profile, hemolytic profile, Chest X-ray, ECG, Echo, Angiography findings were used to monitor patient’s clinical status.

Results
Out of 43 patients, 08 cases (18.60%) presented were of benign hematological disorder and the rest 35 cases (81.40%) presented with malignant hematological disorders. A significant P- value of (0.000) was observed in patients with malignant hematological disorder in association with benign hematological disorders.

Conclusion
From our study findings, several local and international platforms data, it can be concluded that those hematological abnormalities which have direct or indirect association with thromboembolic events can present with cardiac manifestation in the form of chest pain or acute myocardial injury at any stage of disease process. Therefore, clinicians must evaluate patients having hematological abnormality and are having potential prothrombotic state due to abnormal hemostasis for cardiac manifestation of the disease as well.
Lavender Essential Oil Inhalation Improves Attentional Shifting and Accuracy: Evidence from Dynamic Changes of Cognitive Flexibility and Power Spectral Density of Electroencephalogram Signals
Authors: Afghan Reyhaneh , Heysieattalab Soomaayeh , Zangbar Hamid Soltani , Ebrahimi-Kalan Abbas , Jafari-Koshki Tohid , Samadzadehaghdam Nasser 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
Cognitive flexibility, a vital component of executive function, entails the utilization of extended brain networks. Olfactory stimulation has been shown to influence various brain functions, particularly cognitive performance.

Method:
To investigate aroma inhalation’s effects on brain activity dynamics associated with cognitive flexibility, 20 healthy adults were recruited to complete a set-shifting task during two experimental conditions: no aroma stimuli vs. lavender essential oil inhalation. Using Thomson’s multitaper approach, the normalized power spectral density (NPSD) was assessed for five frequency bands.

Results:
Findings confirm that aroma inhalation significantly affects behavioral indices (i.e., reaction time (RT) and response accuracy) and electroencephalogram (EEG) signatures, especially in the frontal lobe. Participants showed a tremendous increase in theta and alpha NPSD, associated with relaxation, along with beta NPSD, associated with clear and fast thinking after inhaling the aroma. NPSD of the delta band, an indicator of the unconscious mind, significantly decreased when stimulated with lavender essential oil. Further, participants exhibited shorter RT and more accurate responses following aroma inhalation.

Conclusion:
Our findings revealed significant changes in oscillatory power and behavioral performance after aroma inhalation, providing neural evidence that olfactory stimulation with lavender essential oil may facilitate cognitive flexibility.
Bioceramic Materials: A Boon in Pediatric Dentistry: A Literature Review
Authors: Ayub Sheenam , Gupta Sonal , Gumro Menia 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Over the past few decades, bioceramic materials have developed from extremely biocompatible, but low-strength dental materials to novel product compositions for broader clinical uses in pediatric dentistry. The most crucial thing is to better understand the elements that encourage remineralization and how they operate dynamically. Some of the major drawbacks of prior generations of endodontic materials have been effectively solved by new bioceramic materials. In particular, these materials have been used for vital pulp therapy treatment, restorative, and root canal procedures in a variety of dental applications. They may be used in clinical pediatric dentistry since they have been demonstrated to be more biocompatible, induce tissue regeneration, have low cytotoxicity, excel at sealing, cause little to no postoperative pain, and have improved physiochemical properties. When employing bioceramic materials, it is crucial to adhere to suitable clinical standards and techniques to guarantee positive results in pediatric dentistry. Therefore, the focus of this review is on the properties and advantages of using bioceramic materials in pediatric dentistry.
Association between Spirituality and Oral Health-related Behavior among Adult Population in Chengalpattu District – A Cross-sectional Analysis
Authors: Anupreya Muthuselvan , Karthikayan Ravi , Vishnuprasad Subramaniyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Integrating existing theory and research, this paper is a study about the association between spirituality and oral health-related behavior among the Chengalpattu adult population.

Materials and Methods:
Based on Hodge’s framework, we claimed that spirituality has an indirect association with oral health practices. The adult population was made to answer a questionnaire consisting of several questions supporting their spiritual orientation and also their oral health behavior.

Results:
Participants who are spiritually oriented persons reported moderate-to-good oral health-related behavior.

Conclusion:
This study result indicates the importance of spiritual health in accomplishing healthy behavior.
Bridging the Gap: Oral Health-care Delivery Plan in Tribal Belt of Western India
Authors: Arun Arpitha , Kokode Aparna , Gautam Gagan , Thakkar Vaibhav , Ramachandran Venkataramanan , Oswal Kunal 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:
India has launched many initiatives to achieve Universal Health Coverage, despite there exist gaps in oral health-care need and service delivery. Especially in tribal areas, due to the prevalence of risk factors as well as the lack of accessibility and affordability for health-care services, oral diseases remain unidentified and untreated. Therefore, the present study aims to assess the needs and design an implementation plan for sustainable and culturally acceptable oral health-care delivery in one of the tribal blocks of Mokhada in the state of Maharashtra, Western India.

Methodology:
The study included participants above 18 years of age and adopted a co-design approach. Data collection methods consisted of a short-form survey and focused group discussion. Convenient and purposive sampling methods were used to select participants for quantitative and qualitative data collection, respectively. Quantitative data analysis was performed using the STATA 16 tool, whereas thematic analysis was performed for the qualitative data. Need assessment led to the design of implementation by engaging multiple stakeholders.

Results:
A total of 2008 adults participated in the survey with a mean age being 37.7 years. 52.4% of participants were male. Out of 2008 screened, 83.2% were found to have at least one oral disease and a high prevalence of tobacco consumption (42%). Barriers of oral healthcare-seeking behaviour were addressed in the proposed model of care. Accordingly, a twice-a-week functional comprehensive oral care health-care model was integrated into the already existing health center of a community led development organization and portable mobile dental unit were planned with the support of multiple stakeholders.

Conclusion:
The study demonstrates the feasibility of delivering oral healthcare through integration into primary healthcare and multiple stakeholder engagement.
Fluoride Application in Patients Undergoing Radiotherapy: An Overlooked Protocol for Preserving Radiant Smiles
Authors: Rajput Aman , Gupta Vinay Kumar , Bhatia Sonal , Aggarwal Aayushi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This case report focuses on the rising incidence of oral and maxillofacial tumors, requiring multimodal therapy involving surgery and radiotherapy. Radiotherapy, integral to cancer treatment, poses oral health challenges, notably radiation-related caries. Severe complications such as mucositis, xerostomia, and osteoradionecrosis highlight the critical role of optimal oral hygiene practices in managing these conditions. The presented case involves a 38-year-old male with a history of verrucous carcinoma, undergoing composite resection, modified neck dissection, and pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction. Adjuvant radiotherapy requires a comprehensive approach to minimize complications. Here, the focus is on fluoride treatment, specifically Fluoritop SR Dental Varnish, to prevent radiation-related caries. A multidisciplinary approach, including fluoride application, vigilant monitoring, patient education, and collaboration, is crucial for minimizing complications in oral malignancy radiotherapy. Emphasizing fluoride’s significance in preventing radiation-related caries, this care plan contributes to awareness and improves oral health outcomes in this patient population.
Des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin and alpha-fetoprotein levels as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma and their correlation with radiological characteristics
Authors: Qadeer Muhammad Ali , Abbas Zaigham , Amjad Shaima , Shahid Bushra , Altaf Abeer , Siyal Mehreen 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), a commonly used biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is normal in up to one-third of patients.
AIM
To evaluate the diagnostic performance of des-gamma-carboxy-prothrombin (DCP) alone and in combination with AFP.
METHODS
In this study, 202 patients with radiologically proven HCC were enrolled, and their DCP and AFP levels were evaluated for their diagnostic performance.
RESULTS
The mean age of the enrolled patients was 58.5 years; 72.0% were male. DCP was elevated in 86.6% (n = 175) of all patients, 100.0% (n = 74) of patients with portal vein thrombus, and 87.4% (n = 111) of patients with multicentric HCC. AFP was elevated in 64.3% (n = 130) of all the patients, 74% (n = 55) of the patients with portal vein thrombus, and 71.6% (n = 91) of the patients with multicentric HCC (P = 0.030, 0.001, and 0.015, respectively). In tumors less than 2 cm in size (n = 46), DCP was increased in 32 (69.5%) patients, and AFP was increased in 25 (54.3%) patients (P = 0.801). There was good pairing between DCP and AFP for HCCs of 2 cm size or larger (P < 0.001); however, the pairing among tumors < 2 cm size was not significant (P = 0.210). In 69 of the patients (34.1%), only one of the tumor markers was positive; DCP was elevated alone in 57/202 (28.2%) of all patients, and AFP alone was elevated in 12/202 (5.9%) of the patients. The areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) for tumors > 2 cm was 0.74 for DCP and 0.59 for AFP; combining both markers resulted in an AUROC of 0.73. For tumors < 2 cm, the AUROC was 0.25 for DCP and 0.40 for AFP.
CONCLUSION
DCP, as an individual marker, had a better diagnostic performance in many cases of HCC. Hence, DCP may replace AFP as the primary HCC biomarker.