bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Subtalar Distraction Arthrodesis through a Posterior Approach
Authors: DeOrio James K. , Leaseburg J. Thaddeus , Shapiro Shane A. 
Published: January 2009

Background: Subtalar arthrodesis is a common procedure for treating subtalar arthrosis. An isolated lateral incision can be used as an approach to subtalar fusion alone. However, it can be a difficult approach for correction of varus or valgus hindfoot deformities through the subtalar joint; especially if it involves distraction to correct calcaneal alignment. Less commonly, two-incision or single-incision medial approaches also have been described, but distraction and angular correction can still be difficult. We present an alternative method, using a posterior Achilles tendon-splitting procedure, that gives excellent subtalar exposure and the ability to obtain distraction with angular correction and bone grafting. Materials and Methods: Six consecutive patients underwent subtalar fusion with a posterior approach. Both varus and valgus deformities secondary to trauma, tendon insufficiency, or congenital deformities were corrected. Distraction was accomplished with laminar spreaders, and fixation was obtained with two 7.3-mm partially threaded cannulated screws. All patients were followed until fusion, and clinical and radiographic results were recorded. No other concomitant procedures were performed. Results: Fusion was observed radiographically in all patients by 3 months postoperatively. No serious wound complications occurred. Correction to slightly valgus alignment (for varus deformity) or neutral alignment (for valgus deformity) was obtained without collapse of autologous bone graft. Talocalcaneal height and all angular measurements were significantly increased (all p < 0.05). Conclusion: The posterior approach for distraction arthrodesis is an alternative to the standard lateral approach technique. It allows safe exposure with the ability to distract while also correcting varus or valgus deformity of the subtalar joint.
Primary Isolated Subtalar Arthrodesis: Outcome after 2 to 5 Years Followup
Authors: Diezi Christian , Favre Philippe , Vienne Patrick 
Published: January 2009

Background: Favorable to excellent clinical results have been reported for isolated subtalar joint arthrodesis. Pedobarography after subtalar bone-block distraction arthrodesis have demonstrated a more laterally shifted gait line. However pedobarographic measurements after primary in-situ isolated subtalar arthrodesis have not been reported. This is the first study considering this. Materials and Methods: Physical examination, AOFAS Hindfoot score, full weightbearing anterior/posterior and lateral radiographs were assessed in 15 feet. Peak pressures, ground reaction force and force distribution at foot-flat and push-off were measured. Results: Average AOFAS-Score significantly improved. Subjective satisfaction was high. Non-union was found in 1 foot (7%), screws were removed in 4 of the 15 feet (27%). One new asymptomatic arthritic talonavicular joint was found. The pressure and force distributions under the operated and contralateral foot showed a different pattern compared to a normal foot. Ground reaction force under both the operated and contralateral feet were lower than a normal foot. Discussion: This study found good clinical, subjective and radiographic results matching that of the reported literature. However, pedobarographic assessment suggests that great functional differences still remain when compared to a normal foot. Subtalar arthrodesis may induce an abnormal gait pattern by preventing compensation of axial rotation of the tibia. This is also reflected in the unaffected side, which may indicate an effort in the general locomotor control to keep a symmetrical gait pattern. This finally alters the pressure and force distribution under both feet. Nevertheless, subtalar arthrodesis is considered a valuable treatment for various isolated subtalar disorders.
Analysis of Modified Oblique Keller Procedure for Severe Hallux Rigidus
Authors: Akgun Rahmi Can , Sahin Orcun , Demirors Huseyin , Tuncay Ismail Cengiz 
Published: January 2009

Background: Several procedures have been described for treating hallux rigidus, but all have limitations. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical and radiologic results of a modified oblique Keller procedure for treating hallux rigidus. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients (13 feet) with Grade III or IV hallux rigidus were treated by modified oblique Keller procedure. Average age was 64.7 years and followup was 27.2 months. Outcomes including range of motion (ROM) of first metatarsophalengeal joint, complications, American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) scores, satisfaction, osteophyte recurrence, osteonecrosis, and shortening were analyzed. Preoperative and postoperative values were statistically compared. Results: Mean preoperative and postoperative ROMs were 6.5 degrees and 51.9 degrees, respectively ( p < 0.005). Two feet had numbness on the dorsum of the first toe. Transfer metatarsalgia occurred in one patient. Mean preoperative and postoperative AOFAS scores were 29.1 points and 93.6 points, respectively ( p < 0.005). All patients had good or excellent results. There was no recurrence of the dorsal osteophyte. One patient had radiographic mottling of the first metatarsal head. Average preoperative and postoperative first toe length was 124.3 mm and 123.1 mm, respectively. Conclusion: This technique was a good treatment alternative for patients with end-stage hallux rigidus. It was a safe and reliable procedure that preserved range of motion and has good outcomes.
Equivalent Correction in Scarf and Chevron Osteotomy in Moderate and Severe Hallux Valgus: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Deenik Axel , van Mameren Henk , de Visser Enrico , de Waal Malefijt Maarten , Draijer Frits , de Bie Rob 
Published: January 2009

Background: Chevron osteotomy is a widely accepted osteotomy for correction of hallux valgus. 18 Algorithms were developed to overcome the limitations of distal osteotomies. Scarf osteotomy has become popular as a versatile procedure that should be able to correct most cases of acquired hallux valgus. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether patients with moderate or severe hallux valgus have better correction with a scarf osteotomy as compared to chevron osteotomy. Materials and Methods: After informed consent, 136 feet in 115 patients were randomized to 66 scarf and 70 chevron osteotomies. Deformities of patients were classified as mild, moderate and severe according to IMA, and both groups were compared with independent t-tests. The results were measured using radiographic HVA, IMA and DMAA measurements. Results: There were no statistical differences in HVA, IMA and DMAA between scarf and chevron osteotomy in mild to moderate hallux valgus. In severe hallux valgus, chevron osteotomy corrected HVA better than scarf osteotomy, although this group consisted of twelve patients only. Five patients in the chevron group and seven in the scarf group developed recurrent subluxation of the metatarsophalangeal joint. Conclusion: In patients with moderate and severe hallux valgus, the results of chevron osteotomy were at least as effective as a scarf osteotomy. Recurrent subluxation of the first metatatarsophalangeal joint was the main cause for insufficient correction. We favor the chevron osteotomy because it is less invasive, without sacrificing correction of HVA and IMA.
A New Option for Intramedullary Fixation of Jones Fractures: The Charlotte™ Carolina™ Jones Fracture System
Authors: Nunley James A. , Glisson Richard R. 
Published: January 2009

Background: A number of different screws are used for Jones fracture fixation in cases in which hastened healing is desirable or nonoperative treatment has failed. None of them were designed for this application, and consequently there is a lack of continuity in screw configuration and sizing that can force the use of a screw that is not optimally size-matched to the metatarsal. This can be particularly problematic in high-demand patients such as athletes, in whom screw fixation failure is more likely to occur. Application-specific screws available in graduated sizes are now an option. This study was designed to compare the bending fatigue resistance of the new screws with that of clinically-proven contemporary Jones fracture fixation screws. The results may provide a basis for judging the probability of successful screw performance relative to the other established screw options. Materials and Methods: Bending fatigue resistance of the smallest-diameter Wright Medical Technologies Charlotte™ Carolina™ screw was compared to that of three commonly used contemporary screws. Cyclic three-point bending was applied to the screw shafts for 2,000,000 cycles or until 5 mm of deflection occurred. Four to six samples of each screw were tested. Results: The number of load cycles withstood by the new screws greatly exceeded the number of cycles tolerated by Acutrak 4/5 screws, Synthes 4.5-mm malleolar screws, and Synthes 4.5 mm cannulated screws. Conclusion: The fatigue resistance of the smallest-diameter Charlotte™ Carolina™ screw exceeds that of other contemporary screws known to possess sufficient strength for Jones fracture fixation. Clinical Relevance: It is likely that this system of graduated-size screws may be implemented for treatment of acute Jones fractures without concern for device failure. Patients may benefit from more accurate matching of the screw size to the fractured metatarsal
Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Foot Function Index for Use in German-Speaking Patients with Foot Complaints
Authors: Naal Florian D. , Impellizzeri Franco M. , Huber Martin , Rippstein Pascal F. 
Published: January 2009

Background: The purpose of this study was to cross-culturally adapt the Foot Function Index (FFI) for use in German-speaking patients with foot complaints. Materials and Methods: The FFI was adapted for the German language according to the recommended forward/backward translation protocol. The following metric properties were assessed in 53 consecutive patients (mean age, 57.2 years; 39 women) undergoing foot surgery at our department: feasibility, reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ICC), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha, CA), and construct validity (correlation with the Short Form (SF-36), a VAS assessing pain, a VAS assessing function, and the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) activity scale. Results: The German FFI (FFI-D) comprised 18 items separated into a pain and a disability subscale. Completion of the FFI-D was feasible. The reliability and the internal consistency were both excellent with an ICC of 0.98 and a CA of 0.97 for the total score. We found moderate to high correlations between the FFI-D and the physical related SF-36 domains ( r = −;0.43 to −;0.80), the VAS pain ( r = 0.81), the VAS function ( r = 0.77), and the UCLA ( r = −0.52). Correlation coefficients between the FFI-D and the mental health related SF-36 domains were significantly lower ( r = −0.08 to −0.32; p < 0.01), indicating divergent validity. Conclusion: The German version of the FFI is a reliable and valid questionnaire for the self-assessment of pain and disability in German-speaking patients with foot complaints.
Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) Guided Arthrodesis of the Foot and Ankle: An Analysis of Accuracy in 100 Cases
Authors: Richter Martinus , Zech Stefan 
Published: January 2009

Background: Computer Assisted Surgery (CAS) has shown the potential to increase the accuracy of surgical procedures in different fields of orthopedic surgery. The clinical experiences of 100 cases with CAS guided arthrodeses were evaluated. Materials and Methods: Two navigation systems were used (VectorVision/Navivision, Brainlab). Patients with unilateral foot and/or ankle correction arthrodesis from January 1st, 2005 to March 31st, 2008 were included. The correction was planned on the basis of clinical findings, radiographs and computer tomography. Time spent, accuracy, and problems that occurred with CAS guidance were analyzed. The accuracy was assessed by intraoperative three-dimensional imaging with ISO-C 3D or ARCADIS-3D (Siemens). The deviation from the achieved correction in comparison with the planned correction was analyzed. Results: One hundred patients were included (ankle, n = 19; subtalar, n = 23; ankle and subtalar, n = 12; midfoot/tarsometatarsal (TMT), n = 28, others, n = 18). The average time needed for preparation was 356 seconds (5 minutes, 56 seconds) (range, 4 to 30 minutes), the correction took an average of 28 (range, 12 to 140) seconds. The CAS system encountered malfunctions in 3 procedures (3%). In the remaining cases, all the achieved corrections were within a maximum deviation of 2 degrees/mm when compared to the planned correction ( p < 0.05). Conclusion: With CAS guidance for the correction of deformities of the foot and ankle, a surgeon can achieve a high degree of accuracy with a rapid correction. The high accuracy may lead to improved clinical outcomes. Level of Evidence: IV, Retrospective Case Series
Land use in selected erosion-risk areas of Tertiary low hills in Slovenia
Authors: Hrvatin Mauro , Perko Drago , Petek Franci 
Published: January 2009

In this article we determine the potential erosion risk of sites with respect to surface morphology and how it is related to the distribution of individual types of land use. We investigated the relationship between relief factors affecting erosion risk (elevation, slope, and aspect of the surface) and types of land use (arable land, vineyards, orchards, grassland, woodland, and built-up and other areas) in six 24 km2 sectors in Tertiary low hill areas in Slovenia: Koprska brda, Brkini, Goriška brda, Haloze, Slovenske gorice and Goričko. The areas selected are of particular interest due to the prevalence of rock substrates which are susceptible to erosion. The potential erosion risk was determined by the stream power index. In the Haloze sector, land use was most closely correlated with the aspect of the surface, in Slovenske gorice sector with the surface height, and in the remaining sectors with the potential erosion risk.
Estimation of magnitudes of debris flows in selected torrential watersheds in Slovenia
Authors: Sodnik Jošt , Mikoš Matjaž 
Published: January 2009

In this paper the application of different methods for estimation of magnitudes of rainfall-induced debris flows in 18 torrents in the Upper Sava River valley, NW Slovenia, and in 2 torrents in Pohorje, N Slovenia is described. Additional verification of the methods was performed in the torrential watersheds with active debris flows in the recent past (Predelica and Brusnik in the Soča River basin, W Slovenia). For some of the methods, the knowledge of morphometric characteristics of a torrential watershed, torrential channel and torrential fan is enough. For other methods, a mathematical tool (HEC-HMS) had to be applied in order to develop a hydrologic run-off model of precipitation that can trigger debris flows. Computed debris-flow magnitudes were of the order between 6,500 m3 and 340,000 m3. Their values are a function of torrential watershed parameters, such as: watershed area, Melton number, fan gradient, and torrential channel gradient. The investigated fans were classified into 3 groups with regard to the debris-flow hazard: debris-flow fans (hazard exists), torrential fans (no hazard), and transitional fans (debris flows are possible, but with low possibility). A limit between debris-flow fans and torrential fans is proposed: Melton number 0.3 and torrential fan gradient 4°, that is, 7%. Out of 24 investigated torrential fans, 13 fans were classified into the group of debris-flow fans, 5 fans were classified into the group of torrential fans, and the rest 6 fans were classified into the group of transitional fans.
Somatic and Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Children and Adolescents in France
Authors: Fernandez Arnaud , Askenazy Florence , Zeghari Radia , Auby Philippe , Robert Philippe , Thümmler Susanne , Gindt Morgane 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceSomatic symptoms are a major concern among the pediatric population because of frequency and burden. The association between adverse childhood experiences and somatic symptoms in adults is well established but less is known concerning somatic symptoms in young people.ObjectiveTo explore the frequency and intensity of somatic symptoms in children and adolescents exposed to traumatic events.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study was conducted from January 1 to December 31, 2021, at the Nice Pediatric Psychotrauma Referral Center in Nice, France. Participants included pediatric outpatients, aged 7 to 17 years, who were referred to the center. Statistical analysis was performed in January 2022.ExposureAll participants experienced at least 1 traumatic event during life.Main Outcome and MeasureSomatic and posttraumatic stress symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-13 (PHQ–13) and Child PTSD Checklist (CPC). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and non-PTSD groups were defined based on CPC symptoms severity score. In the hypothesized association between somatic symptoms and posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), PTSD and non-PTSD groups were compared, correlations between PTSS and severity of CPC were analyzed, and a regression model was performed.ResultsThere were 363 participants included (mean [SD] age, 13.58 [0.25] years; 174 [47.9%] female, 189 [52.1%] male). Compared with the non-PTSD group, the PTSD group presented with a higher mean (SD) number of somatic symptoms (7.0 [2.5] vs 4.0 [2.5] symptoms; t360 = 11.7; P &amp;lt; .001), and higher mean (SD) intensity (10.4 [4.6] vs 4.8 [3.7] points; t360 = 12.6; P &amp;lt; .001). Most of the explored somatic symptoms positively correlated with the intensity of PTSS and their functional alterations (eg, PTSS intensity correlated with stomach pain symptoms [r = .30; P &amp;lt; .001]; and with headaches symptoms [r = .44; P &amp;lt; .001]). In the regression model, the combination of migraines, palpitation, nausea, tiredness, and sleep disorders explained 6.5% of the variance in the PTSD group. (F1,341 = 22.651; P &amp;lt; .001).Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study, somatic symptoms were positively correlated with PTSS both in frequency and intensity among youths. These results suggest that the systematic screening for somatic symptoms in youths with traumatic exposure should be a routine evaluation procedure.
Applied ecology of fear: A meta‐analysis on the potential of facilitating human‐wildlife coexistence through nonlethal tools
Authors: Ramirez J. Ignacio , Kuijper Dries P. J. , Olofsson Johan , Smit Christian , Hofmeester Tim R. , Siewert Matthias B. , Widemo Fredrik , Cromsigt Joris P. G. M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The term “applied ecology of fear” was recently introduced to describe the growing research field that applies the theory of the ecology of fear to manage wildlife behaviour. The management goal is to drive targeted species spatially and temporally away from areas of human interest by inducing cues from real or simulated predators to reduce human‐wildlife conflict.

We aimed to quantify, through a meta‐analysis, if prey anti‐predator response would vary among field trials versus pen‐based studies, predator cue types, predator hunting style and prey feeding type, and be stronger in response to larger predators relative to the prey's size. We also explored what studies found in terms of wildlife habituation to cues.

We used species belonging to the Cervidae family as a case study since deer are among the group of species with the highest degree of human‐wildlife conflict. We retrieved 114 studies from online databases and collected information from 39 of those studies that fitted our research scope.

We found that acoustic cues more frequently led to an anti‐predator response in deer than olfactory or visual cues. Neither predator hunting strategy nor deer feeding strategy or type of study (free‐ranging or pen‐based animals) influenced the extent to which deer responded to cues. Deer more frequently responded to cues that belonged to a larger predator relative to their size. Habituation was reported in less than one‐third of the studies, with a study period ranging from 1 to 90 days, and occurred as soon as 7 days after the start of the study on average.

Our meta‐analysis suggested that acoustic cues hold most potential as a tool to manage deer behaviour. These findings support the development of applied ecology of fear tools that introduce predator cues to reduce human‐wildlife conflicts. Major knowledge gaps remain that limit the effective use of such tools in wildlife management and future research should focus on improving our understanding of habituation to cues, on comparing the effectiveness of different types of cues, on simultaneously using a combination of cue types, and on testing cues at spatial–temporal scales of actual land‐uses.
Characterization of Lactococcus garvieae and Streptococcus agalactiae in cultured red tilapia Oreochromis sp. in Thailand
Authors: Jantrakajorn Sasibha , Suyapoh Watcharapol , Wongtavatchai Janenuj 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
Acute mortality with clinical symptoms of streptococcal-like infections was observed in red tilapia Oreochromis sp. cultured in floating cages in Prachin Buri Province, Thailand, during May 2023. Herein, we identified an emerging pathogen, Lactococcus garvieae, as the etiological agent.

Methods
After bacterial isolation from the brain and kidney of diseased fish, identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the VITEK 2 system. Sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene and phylogenetic analysis were applied to confirm bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted. Histopathological findings in the brain, kidney, spleen, liver, and heart were evaluated.

Result
From 20 fish samples, L. garvieae (n = 18 isolates) and Streptococcus agalactiae (n = 2 isolates) were identified. A phylogenetic tree of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that Thai isolates of either L. garvieae or S. agalactiae clustered with reference piscine isolates from intercontinental locations. Our isolates showed resistance against quinolones while being susceptible to other antimicrobials. Histopathological changes demonstrated severe septicemic conditions, with more invasive lesions—especially in the heart and liver—being apparent in L. garvieae-infected fish compared to S. agalactiae-infected fish.

Conclusion
This study represents the first reported outbreak of L. garvieae with a concurrent S. agalactiae infection in farmed red tilapia in Thailand.