bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oncogenetic tree model of somatic mutations and DNA methylation in colon tumors
Authors: Sweeney Carol , Boucher Kenneth M. , Samowitz Wade S. , Wolff Roger K. , Albertsen Hans , Curtin Karen , Caan Bette J. , Slattery Martha L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOur understanding of somatic alterations in colon cancer has evolved from a concept of a series of events taking place in a single sequence to a recognition of multiple pathways. An oncogenetic tree is a model intended to describe the pathways and sequence of somatic alterations in carcinogenesis without assuming that tumors will fall in mutually exclusive categories. We applied this model to data on colon tumor somatic alterations. An oncogenetic tree model was built using data on mutations of TP53, KRAS2, APC, and BRAF genes, methylation at CpG sites of MLH1 and TP16 genes, methylation in tumor (MINT) markers, and microsatellite instability (MSI) for 971 colon tumors from a population‐based series. Oncogenetic tree analysis resulted in a reproducible tree with three branches. The model represents methylation of MINT markers as initiating a branch and predisposing to MSI, methylation of MHL1 and TP16, and BRAF mutation. APC mutation is the first alteration in an independent branch and is followed by TP53 mutation. KRAS2 mutation was placed a third independent branch, implying that it neither depends on, nor predisposes to, the other alterations. Individual tumors were observed to have alteration patterns representing every combination of one, two, or all three branches. The oncogenetic tree model assumptions are appropriate for the observed heterogeneity of colon tumors, and the model produces a useful visual schematic of the sequence of events in pathways of colon carcinogenesis. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Minimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy: Expanded indications and oncologic completeness
Authors: Lai Stephen Y. , Walvekar Rohan R. , Ferris Robert L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive video‐assisted thyroidectomy (MIVAT) has received increasing attention as a technique applicable for a subset of thyroid nodules.MethodsWe prospectively assessed 51 MIVAT procedures in 40 patients. Demographic and clinical data were collected, relating to indications, outcome, and oncologic completeness.ResultsTwenty‐nine (29) benign and 22 malignant lesions up to 5.9 cm were removed (median, 1.7 cm). All surgical margins of resection were negative. Residual thyroid tissue in the operative bed was assessed by radioiodine uptake in 16 patients (median, 1.76%). Eighty percent (41/51) of procedures were performed on an outpatient basis, and 94% (48/51) did not require a suction drain. No bleeding events or permanent injuries to the recurrent laryngeal nerve occurred.ConclusionsMIVAT is a safe, thorough, and adaptable procedure. An expanded set of indications makes this procedure available to a broader population of patients. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Increased plate and osteosynthesis related complications associated with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy in oral cancer
Authors: Sharan Rajeev , Iyer Subramania , Chatni Shilpa S. , Samuel Jacob , Sundaram Karimassery R. , Cohen Richard F. , Pavithran Keechilat , Kuriakose Moni Abraham 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.Plate osteosynthesis is a widely used technique in head and neck reconstructive surgery. The objective of this study was to determine whether postoperative chemoradiotherapy, which was recently introduced for high‐risk head and neck cancer, affects plate and osteosynthesis related complications.Methods.Fifty‐two consecutive patients, who had undergone plate osteosynthesis for mandibular reconstruction between October 2003 and September 2006, were included in the study. The patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) surgery alone (n = 19), (2) surgery with postoperative radiotherapy (n = 14), and (3) surgery with concurrent chemoradiotherapy (n = 19). Outcome measures included any bone or plate related complications.Results.The plate and osteosynthesis related complications occurred in 10.5% of patients in surgery‐alone group, 28.6% in surgery with postoperative radiation group, and 63.2% in surgery with postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy group. The differences in the complication rates among these 3 groups were statistically significant (p = .003). In univariate analysis, postoperative radiation (p = .007) and concurrent chemotherapy (p = .003) were found to be significantly associated with complications. In multivariate analysis, only concurrent chemotherapy was found to be statistically significant (p = .002) with odds ratio of 7.72.Conclusion.Postoperative concurrent chemoradiotherapy significantly increases plate and osteosynthesis related complications in oral cancer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Planned fractionated boron neutron capture therapy using epithermal neutrons for a patient with recurrent squamous cell carcinoma in the temporal bone: A case report
Authors: Haginomori Shin‐Ichi , Miyatake Shin‐Ichi , Inui Takaki , Araki Michitoshi , Kawabata Shinji , Takamaki Atsuko , Lee Koutetsu , Takenaka Hiroshi , Kuroiwa Toshihiko , Uesugi Yasuo , Kumada Hiroaki , Ono Koji 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.We describe the first case of extensive squamous cell carcinoma in the temporal bone recurring after surgery, conventional radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, which was treated using planned fractionated boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT).Methods.A 42‐year‐old patient received BNCT twice with a 1‐month interval to ensure neutron capture in the deep lesion. We used an epithermal neutron beam as the neutron source and boronophenylalanine as the boron compound. The total radiation doses in the tumor beneath the skin, at the deepest point of the tumor, and in the skin around the right auricle were estimated as 41.8, 36.9, and 15.8 Gy‐Eq, respectively.Results.Radiological studies performed 6 months after the first BNCT showed obvious tumor shrinkage and no evidence of residual tumor.Conclusion.We believe that planned fractionated BNCT is an effective treatment option for patients with inoperative extended carcinomas in the temporal bone. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
CYP1A1 polymorphisms and the risk of upper aerodigestive tract cancers in an Indian population
Authors: Sam Soya Sisy , Thomas Vinod , Reddy Sathyanarayana Kanipakapatanam , Surianarayanan Gopalakrishnan , Chandrasekaran Adithan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.The inter‐individual differences in upper aerodigestive tract (UADT) cancer risk may be partly attributed to the polymorphic variability in the CYP1A1 gene that is involved in the metabolic activation of xenobiotics to carcinogenic reactive metabolites.Methods.The hospital‐based case‐control study evaluated CYP1A1*2A and CYP1A1*2C polymorphisms in 408 histopathologically confirmed cases and 220 controls using polymerasechain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism methods.Results.The multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that CYP1A1 *1A/*2A (odds ratio [OR] 1.76; 95% Confidence interval [CI] 1.19–2.60) and *2A/*2A (OR 2.83; 95% CI 1.43–5.61) genotypes were significantly associated with increased risk for UADT cancers. The gene–environment interaction analyses revealed a significant interaction among tobacco smokers and chewers carrying CYP1A1*2A mutant genotypes on the multiplicative scale.Conclusion.CYP1A1*2A polymorphic genotypes are associated with an enhanced risk to UADT cancers, in particular, among the habitual tobacco smokers and chewers carrying mutant genotypes in the Tamilians of the Indian population. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Management of the neck in Merkel cell carcinoma of the head and neck: University of Miami experience
Authors: Shnayder Yelizaveta , Weed Donald T. , Arnold David J. , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen , Bared Anthony , Goodwin W. Jarrard , Civantos Francisco J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.We reviewed management of the cervical lymph nodes in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) of the head and neck.Methods.Records of 15 patients with MCC of the head and neck area were evaluated for the type of surgical treatment, including wide local excision, sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy, neck dissection, postoperative radiation therapy, and clinical outcomes.Results.Median follow‐up was 24 months (range, 5–84 months). Ten patients were treated with wide local excision plus SLN, with or without neck dissection. Five patients were treated with wide local excision only or wide local excision plus neck dissection. One patient died of distant metastases (7%), and 14 patients remain alive (93%), over a mean follow‐up of 24 months.Conclusion.Wide excision and SLN biopsy for primary MCC with N0 neck is feasible for early‐stage, previously untreated lesions. SLN biopsy was helpful in determining the nodal levels to be dissected or irradiated. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Accuracy of 18F‐FDG‐PET/CT for staging of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Pentenero Monica , Cistaro Angela , Brusa Mario , Ferraris Maria Maddalena , Pezzuto Carla , Carnino Riccardo , Colombini Edro , Valentini Maria Consuelo , Giovanella Luca , Spriano Giuseppe , Gandolfo Sergio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.This study prospectively assessed 2‐[F18]‐fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose–positron emission tomography (18F‐FDG‐PET)/CT (PET/CT) in oral squamous cell carcinoma.Methods.Twenty‐three patients completed preoperative TNM staging (CT, MR, whole‐body fusion imaging PET/CT). In patients who underwent surgical therapy (19 of 23), TNM staging based on PET/CT scan was compared with pTNM.Results.PET/CT correctly staged 16 of 19 primary tumors (accuracy 84.2%, sensitivity 84.2%, positive predictive value 100%) and correctly ruled out bone invasion in 3 patients with false‐positive results according to CT and/or MR. PET/CT incorrectly identified neck involvement in 5 of 15 patients (3 false positives, 2 false negatives) who underwent neck dissection (accuracy 66.7%, specificity 76.9%, negative predictive value 83.3%). False‐negative cases showed a nodal size not exceeding 10 mm. One patient with a bronchial synchronous primary tumor was identified.Conclusion.PET/CT scan showed good accuracy in determining the extension and/or depth of invasion of the primary tumor. Nevertheless, PET/CT was not accurate to rule out nodal metastases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Outcomes following parotidectomy for metastatic squamous cell carcinoma with microscopic residual disease: Implications for facial nerve preservation
Authors: Iyer N. Gopalakrishna , Clark Jonathan R. , Murali Rajmohan , Gao Kan , O'Brien Christopher J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.Metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the parotid is an aggressive disease, requiring combined modality treatment of surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy to achieve cure. This study aims to determine whether facial nerve preservation followed by radiotherapy is a reasonable option in patients with microscopic residual disease involving the facial nerve.Methods.One hundred seventy‐six patients with metastatic cutaneous SCC involving the parotid were analyzed.Results.In this cohort, 15 patients who underwent nerve‐sparing surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy were found to have involved margins adjacent to the facial nerve. Comparing this group to patients with clear margins showed no difference in local recurrence or survival. Only 3 patients in this group developed local recurrence, and all successfully salvaged by further surgery.Conclusion.This study suggests that patients with metastatic cutaneous SCC to the parotid with microscopic residual disease involving the facial nerve and normal function can be successfully treated with a facial nerve–sparing approach and timely postoperative radiotherapy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Clinical value of optical coherence tomography in laryngology
Authors: Kraft Marcel , Glanz Hiltrud , von Gerlach Susanne , Wisweh Henning , Lubatschowski Holger , Arens Christoph 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a new, noninvasive imaging technology for the evaluation of superficial lesions. The objective of this study is to evaluate microlaryngoscopy in combination with OCT compared with microlaryngoscopy alone (ie, without OCT) in supplying a specific diagnosis, predicting invasive tumor growth and epithelial dysplasia in the larynx.Methods.This was a prospective study including 217 laryngeal lesions in a total of 193 patients undergoing surgery. Intraoperative suspicion diagnosis gained by microlaryngoscopy with and without OCT was compared with conventional histopathology after excisional biopsy.Results.Microlaryngoscopy with OCT supplied a specific diagnosis in 89% of cases, but in only 80% of cases with microlaryngoscopy alone. In particular, our results in malignant and benign pathologies were correct in 93% each, and the exact grade of dysplasia could be predicted in 71% of precancerous lesions. Microlaryngoscopy with OCT presented a higher sensitivity than microlaryngoscopy alone in predicting invasive tumor growth (93% vs 87%) and epithelial dysplasia (78% vs 66%), but the specificity and accuracy were comparable in both methods.Conclusions.OCT is a simple, rapid, and reliable aid in the diagnostic investigation and intraoperative monitoring of laryngeal disease. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Liposarcoma of the head and neck: The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center experience
Authors: Davis Erica C. , Ballo Matthew T. , Luna Mario A. , Patel Shreyakumar R. , Roberts Dianna B. , Nong Xiaolin , Sturgis Erich M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground.Our aim was to review our experience with liposarcoma of the head and neck region.Methods.This is a retrospective case series at a comprehensive cancer center (1945–2005).Results.Of 30 patients, 10 (33%) were initially misdiagnosed. Local recurrences were common (overall rate = 53%), and 4 patients (13%) developed distant metastases. Decreased crude disease‐specific survival rates were significantly associated with recurrence (especially distant recurrence [0%]), age less than 38 years (40%), and pleomorphic subtype (45%); however, in Kaplan‐Meier analyses, only larger tumor size, negative margins, round cell subtype, and pleomorphic subtype were associated with significantly decreased disease‐specific survival (log‐rank test p = .048, .041, .021, and .012, respectively).Conclusions.Based on this limited experience and existing literature, we continue to recommend surgery with negative margins as the treatment of choice and that adjuvant therapies should be considered in patients with high‐grade histology, large tumors, positive margins, or certain subsites. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Wound‐healing modulation in upper airway stenosis—Myths and facts
Authors: Hirshoren Nir , Eliashar Ron 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWound healing plays a major role in the development of acquired subglottic stenosis. Pharmacologic treatment of subglottic stenosis must address both physiologic and pathologic healing processes. The relevant Pubmed and Ovid databases from 1960 to 2007 were systematically searched. Several modulating agents have been tested. Most of them were poorly investigated. Three modalities were thoroughly studied—steroids and antibiotics, mitomycin, and antireflux medications. However, there are conflicting data regarding their role in preventing and treating subglottic stenosis. Current data support to some extent the textbook suggestions of antibiotics, steroids, and antireflux treatment. As no other treatment options exist, we recommend using these modalities for pharmacologic modulation of subglottic stenosis. Mitomycin should still be considered as an unproven treatment; its use may be considered as an adjunct. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Impairment of in vivo theta‐burst long‐term potentiation and network excitability in the dentate gyrus of synaptopodin‐deficient mice lacking the spine apparatus and the cisternal organelle
Authors: Jedlicka Peter , Schwarzacher Stephan W. , Winkels Raphael , Kienzler Friederike , Frotscher Michael , Bramham Clive R. , Schultz Christian , Bas Orth Carlos , Deller Thomas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe function of the spine apparatus in dendritic spines and the cisternal organelles in axon initial segments is little understood. The actin‐associated protein, synaptopodin, is essential for the formation of these organelles which are absent in synaptopodin −/− mice. Here, we used synaptopodin −/− mice to explore the role of the spine apparatus and the cisternal organelle in synaptic plasticity and local circuit excitability in response to activation of the perforant path input to the dentate gyrus in vivo. We found impaired long‐term potentiation following theta‐burst stimulation, whereas tetanus‐evoked LTP was unaffected. Furthermore, paired‐pulse inhibition of the population spike was reduced and granule cell excitability was enhanced in mutants, hence revealing an impairment of local network inhibition. In summary, our data represent the first electrophysiological evidence that the lack of the spine apparatus and the cisternal organelle leads to a defect in long‐term synaptic plasticity and alterations in local circuit control of granule cell excitability under adult in vivo conditions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR‐determined hippocampal asymmetry in full‐term and preterm neonates
Authors: Thompson Deanne K. , Wood Stephen J. , Doyle Lex W. , Warfield Simon K. , Egan Gary F. , Inder Terrie E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHippocampi are asymmetrical in children and adults, where the right hippocampus is larger. To date, no literature has confirmed that hippocampal asymmetry is evident at birth. Furthermore, gender differences have been observed in normal hippocampal asymmetry, but this has not been examined in neonates. Stress, injury, and lower IQ have been associated with alterations to hippocampal asymmetry. These same factors often accompany preterm birth. Therefore, prematurity is possibly associated with altered hippocampal asymmetry. There were three aims of this study: First, we assessed whether hippocampi were asymmetrical at birth, second whether there was a gender effect on hippocampal asymmetry, and third whether the stress of preterm birth altered hippocampal asymmetry. This study utilized volumetric magnetic resonance imaging to compare left and right hippocampal volumes in 32 full‐term and 184 preterm infants at term. Full‐term infants demonstrated rightward hippocampal asymmetry, as did preterm infants. In the case of preterm infants, hippocampal asymmetry was proportional to total hemispheric asymmetry. This study is the first to demonstrate that the normal pattern of hippocampal asymmetry is present this early in development. We did not find gender differences in hippocampal asymmetry at term. Preterm infants tended to have less asymmetrical hippocampi than full‐term infants, a difference which became significant after correcting for hemispheric brain tissue volumes. This study may suggest that hippocampal asymmetry develops in utero and is maintained into adulthood in infants with a normal neurological course. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Technology‐related research in HRD publications: An analysis of content and metaperspectives from 2000 to 2006
Authors: Githens Rod P. , Dirani Khalil , Gitonga Jacqueline , Teng Ya‐Ting 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis study explores the presence of technology‐related research in HRD, identifies what the research addressed, and analyzes how the research was addressed. We reviewed 1,675 papers in five publications. During the seven‐year period examined, 169 articles were technology‐related. Through a content analysis, we identified the topics of those articles, methodological approaches, organizational settings represented in the research, the fields of the researchers, and the papers' orientation toward research and practice. In comparison to the total articles in each publication, the highest percentage of technology research was published in conference proceedings.
The power of work experiences: Characteristics critical to developing expertise in strategic thinking
Authors: Goldman Ellen F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe ability to think strategically is an increasingly important requirement for managers at all organizational levels. HRD professionals have attempted to help develop this ability through work experiences. However, research identifying which work experiences are most beneficial is limited. As a result, HRD efforts may be weakened. This paper presents findings indicating the importance of nine categories of work experiences to developing the ability to think strategically, and specifies their required characteristics. The characteristics vary with the experience but do follow some general themes.
Military leader development and autonomous learning: Responding to the growing complexity of warfare
Authors: Mensch Kirk G. , Rahschulte Tim 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe complexity in today's operational military environment and the responsibility of leadership in this environment has exponentially increased over the past century. This trend will continue as global economies, political structures, and technologies continue to evolve. Learner autonomy is recognized as a paramount concern in leadership programs, including military programs. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of the need for learner autonomy among military leaders; however, the implications may be generalizable to any organization responsible for developing leaders who operate in ambiguous and complex environments.
Effects of prolonged‐release melatonin, zolpidem, and their combination on psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills in healthy middle aged and elderly volunteers
Authors: Otmani S. , Demazières A. , Staner C. , Jacob N. , Nir T. , Zisapel N. , Staner L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundMelatonin is an important regulator of the sleep–wake cycle. A prolonged‐release formulation of melatonin (PR‐M) that essentially mimics the profile of the endogenous production of the hormone is effective in the treatment of insomnia in patients aged 55 years and older. Because hypnotics result in impairments of various cognitive skills, it is important to examine the cognitive effects associated with the use of PR‐M.Objectives and methodsThe effects of therapeutic oral doses of PR‐M (2 mg), zolpidem (10 mg) and their combination administered at bedtime on cognitive functions in healthy subjects aged 55 years and older (12 males + 4 females, age 59.4 ± 3.2 years) were assessed in a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, and four‐way crossover study. Psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills were assessed at 1 and 4 h following administration and the next morning.ResultsCompared to placebo, PR‐M alone did not impaired performances on any cognitive tasks. Zolpidem significantly impaired psychomotor and driving performance 1 h and 4 h post‐dosing, and early memory recall; these impairment were exacerbated with PR‐M co‐administration. No effects on next morning psychomotor or driving performance were observed except that the decline in memory recall after zolpidem was more pronounced in the next day. No pharmacokinetic interactions were found.ConclusionsThis study extends previous researches showing impairment of cognitive functions by zolpidem within 5 h post‐administration. Further, PR‐M use was not found associated with impairment of psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills, and point to a pharmacodynamic interaction between melatonin and GABA‐A modulators. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.