bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Periconceptional zinc deficiency affects uterine 3H‐estradiol binding in mice
Authors: Peters Jeffrey M. , Wiley Lynn M. , Zidenberg‐Cherr Sheri , Keen Carl L. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTo better define the mechanisms by which zinc (Zn) deficiency influences periconceptional development, we examined the effects of this developmental insult on uterine estrogen metabolism. CD‐1 mice were assigned to 1 of 3 groups (Low Zn, LZ; Control, C; or Replete, R) and fed either a low Zn (⩽0.3 μg Zn/g) or control diet (47 μg Zn/g) 5 days prior to gestation day (GD) 0 and continuing up to GD 4 during early pregnancy. Mice in the R group were fed the low Zn diet until GD 1 after which they were fed the control diet. Uterine 3H‐estradiol binding in vivo was measured on GD 2, GD 3, and GD 4. Binding was similar among groups on GD 2 and GD 3, but was lower on GD 4 in LZ mice than in C and R mice (61% of control value). On GD 4, uterine 3H‐estradiol binding in vitro was measured and was lower in LZ mice than in C and R mice (63‐‐74% of control values); the reduction in binding was due to lower receptor number. Thus, Zn deficiency can result in a reduction in uterine estradiol receptors and estradiol binding. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel electrophoretic protocol for collection of mutations in the lambda light chain immunoglobulin gene in a human B‐lymphoblastoid cell strain
Authors: McFarland Richard David , Smith Gary Joseph 
Published: February 2006

AbstractSpontaneous and chemically induced mutation was examined in the lamba light chain immunoglobulin gene in a human B‐lymphoblastoid cell strain (T5‐1). The hemizygous lambda gene is a unique mutational target gene which codes for a protein that is both expressed on the cell membrane and secreted. Mutations in the lambda gene were detected by analysis of western blots of isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis of T5‐1 cell conditioned culture medium. None of 5,841 individual clones established from vehicle‐exposed populations had detectable variations in the isoelectric banding pattern of the constitutively secreted lambda immunoglobulin protein. In contrast, 113 of 6,128 clonal populations established from N‐methyl‐N′‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)‐exposed populations exhibited stable variations in expression of the lambda immunoglobulin: isoelectric variants (n = 3) and nonsecretors (n = 110). MNNG‐induced mutations in the lambda gene, which resulted in lambda immunoglobulin proteins with altered isoelectric points (pIs), occurred at a frequency of no less than 4.9 × 10−4 mutations/cell, indicating the mature rearranged lambda immunoglobulin gene is comparably sensitive to carcinogen induced mutation as other human autosomal target genes. Approximately one‐half of the MNNG‐induced non‐secretor mutant clones lacked lambda mRNA while one‐half maintained constitutive transcription and expression of the lambda immunoglobulin on the cell surface, demonstrating that carcinogen damage interdicted gene function at multiple points. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suppressing effect of WR‐2721 on micronuclei induced by cyclophosphamide in mice
Authors: Czyzewska Agnieszka , Mazur Lidia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe effect of WR‐2721 against cyclophosphamide‐induced clastogenicity was studied using the in vivo micronucleus assay. The frequency of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes in the peripheral blood of mice treated with WR‐2721 and cyclophosphamide (CP), each of the compounds at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight, was evaluated during the 15‐day period. The suppressing effect of WR‐2721, given 30 min prior to cyclophosphamide administration, on micronuclei induced by the alkylating agent was demonstrated. The number of micronuclei was increased on day 1 after CP application and declined thereafter with the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes remaining lower in WR‐2721 pre‐treated mice. The modulatory effect of WR‐2721 on the clastogenic activity of cyclophosphamide in the erythropoietic system by the mouse micronucleus test was shown. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interactive effects of alcohol and diabetes during pregnancy on the rat fetus
Authors: Lin Yi , Lee Melvin , Leichter Joseph 
Published: February 2006

AbstractTo determine the effect of maternal diabetes and alcohol intake, separately and in combination, on fetal growth and development, pregnant rats were divided into four groups: diabetic (D), diabetic plus alcohol (DA), control (C), and control plus alcohol (CA). Diabetes was induced by administration of streptozotocin before mating and alcohol was administered by gavage (2 g/kg body weight/day) on days 6‐‐11 of gestation. Both diabetic groups (D and DA) had significantly lower weight gain during pregnancy compared to the controls (C and CA), despite the fact that the former consumed more food and water. Alcohol treatment resulted in reduced water and food intake and lower weight gain in the diabetic rats (DA), but not in the non‐diabetic rats (CA), compared to their respective controls (D and C). On day 21 of gestation fetal body weights were significantly less and placental weights were significantly greater in the diabetic groups (D and DA) compared with the non‐diabetic groups (C and CA). Differences in fetal and placental weights between rats exposed and not exposed to alcohol (C vs. CA and D vs. DA) were not significant. The number of fetuses with external malformations was significantly greater in the litters of alcohol exposed diabetic (DA) than non‐alcohol exposed (D) animals. No external or skeletal malformations were observed in fetuses of non‐diabetic rats regardless of whether or not they received alcohol (C or CA). The skeletal development of fetuses of diabetic rats, judged by the number and size of ossification centers on day 21 of gestation, was retarded when compared with fetuses of non‐diabetic rats. Alcohol further retarded skeletal development of fetuses of diabetic animals (DA vs. D), but not of fetuses of non‐diabetic rats (CA vs. C). It is concluded that maternal alcohol administration potentiates the effects of maternal diabetes on the incidence of fetal malformations and the retardation of skeletal development. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Embryotoxicity induced by alkylating agents: 10. Analysis of the combined teratogenic effects of methylnitrosourea and ethylmethanesulfonate in mice
Authors: Platzek Thomas , Bochert Gerd 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn previous studies the direct‐acting alkylating model compounds methylnitrosourea (MNU) and ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) were investigated with regard to dose‐response of teratogenicity as well as DNA adduct formation in mice. In this study the teratogenic effects induced by combined treatment with these substances were analyzed using doses which, following single treatment with either substance, were around the threshold level, i.e., no adverse effect level (NOAEL) and lowest observed adverse effect level (LAOEL).Combined treatment of LAOELs resulted in a threshold‐like response, while the combination of the NOAEL of one substance with the LAOEL of the other increased the response rate dramatically to nearly 100%.This phenomenon was further evaluated using biometrical methods. The dose‐response surface as well as isobolograms were calculated in order to describe the combination effect. In addition, a dose‐response model was fitted to the data. In conclusion, the initially surprising high combination effect revealed to be not so extraordinary when considering the steepness of the dose‐response relationships of the single substances. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of promoting activity of four pesticides on induction of preneoplastic liver cell foci in rats
Authors: Kato T. , Ogiso T. , Kato K. , Sano M. , Hasegawa R. , Shirai T. , Ito N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFour pesticides were examined for hepatopromoting activity using a medium‐term bioassay based upon induction of glutathione S‐transferase placental form (GST‐P) positive foci in the rat liver. Male F344 rats were initially injected with diethylnitrosamine (DEN; 200 mg/kg body weight) intraperitoneally and 2 weeks later were treated with O‐ethyl O‐4‐nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN; 75 and 150 ppm), diazinon (500 and 1,000 ppm), phenthoate (500 and 1,000 ppm), or iprobenfos (500 and 1,000 ppm) in the diet for 6 weeks and then killed, all rats being subjected to partial hepatectomy at week 3. All of the pesticides gave negative results, the numbers and areas of GST‐P positive foci not exceeding the control values for animals given DEN alone. Indeed, a significant reduction of foci development was seen for EPN (75 ppm). These findings provide experimental evidence that the presently examined four pesticides do not have hepatocarcinogenic potential in rats © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of carcinogenicity of daminozide, alone or in combination with its contaminant 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine, in a medium‐term bioassay
Authors: Cabral R. , Hakoi K. , Hoshiya T. , Hasegawa R. , Ito N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe carcinogenicity of daminozide (succinic acid‐2,2‐dimethylhydrazide; Alar), a plant growth regulator used primarily in apple orchards, has been the subject of recent investigations by several national and international organizations because of contradictory study results. The aim of the present study was to assess the carcinogenicity of daminozide alone and in combination with 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine (UDMH), its major contaminant, in a novel medium‐term bioassay in Fischer 344 rats, the DEN‐PH model. Rats were given diethylnitrosamine (DEN) at 200 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally and then 2 weeks later were given daminozide at 20,000 ppm or daminozide plus UDMH at 75, 150, or 300 ppm in the diet for 6 weeks and were then killed; all rats underwent a partial (two‐thirds) hepatectomy (PH) at week 3. Hepatocarcinogenic potential was assessed by comparing the number and area of preneoplastic foci positive for the glutathione S‐transferase placental form (GST‐P+) in the liver of treated rats, with those in controls given DEN alone. Daminozide, UDMH, and the combination were not carcinogenic in this model. This novel medium‐term bioassay for carcinogenicity is considered to be practical for the rapid evaluation of both agrochemical formulations and contaminants found in agrochemicals and other compounds. © 1996 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequencing the yeast genome: An international achievement
Authors: Levy J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe yeast genome is currently being sequenced by a Consortium of European laboratories, in collaboration with a wider international network of researchers. It is expected that within the next two years Saccharomyces cerevisiae will become the first eukaryotic organism to have been completely genetically mapped and sequenced. This article traces the sequencing enterprise from its beginnings, outlining the intentions, the organisation, and the achievements so far. The tasks which remain are discussed, emphasising the follow‐on research into the evolution of primitive karyotypes, and, more particularly, into the nature of novel genes revealed during sequencing. The functional analysis of novel genes is attracting an ever wider community of yeast scientists, so that research which began with a decision to sequence a simple genome promises to remain a focus for international cooperation.
New heterologous modules for classical or PCR‐based gene disruptions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Wach Achim , Brachat Arndt , Pöhlmann Rainer , Philippsen Peter 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe have constructed and tested a dominant resistance module, for selection of S. cerevisiae transformants, which entirely consists of heterologous DNA. This kanMX module contains the known kanr open reading‐frame of the E. coli transposon Tn903 fused to transcriptional and translational control sequences of the TEF gene of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii. This hybrid module permits efficient selection of transformants resistant against geneticin (G418). We also constructed a lacZMT reporter module in which the open reading‐frame of the E. coli lacZ gene (lacking the first 9 codons) is fused at its 3′ end to the S. cerevisiae ADH1 terminator. KanMX and the lacZMT module, or both modules together, were cloned in the center of a new multiple cloning sequence comprising 18 unique restriction sites flanked by Not I sites. Using the double module for constructions of in‐frame substitutions of genes, only one transformation experiment is necessary to test the activity of the promotor and to search for phenotypes due to inactivation of this gene. To allow for repeated use of the G418 selection some kanMX modules are flanked by 470 bp direct repeats, promoting in vivo excision with frequencies of 10–3–10–4. The 1·4 kb kanMX module was also shown to be very useful for PCR based gene disruptions. In an experiment in which a gene disruption was done with DNA molecules carrying PCR‐added terminal sequences of only 35 bases homology to each target site, all twelve tested geneticin‐resistant colonies carried the correctly integrated kanMX module.
Stability of solitary waves for derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation
Authors: Ohta Masahito , Colin Mathieu 
Published: February 2006

This paper is concerned with the so-called Derivative Nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This equation is known to have a two-parameter family of solitary waves solutions. We prove orbital stability of these particular solutions for the whole range of parameters values by using variational methods.

Résumé
Cet article concerne l'équation de Schrödinger Non Linéaire Dérivée. Cette équation possède une famille d'ondes solitaires dépendantes de deux paramètres. Nous prouvons la stabilité orbitale de ces solutions particulières pour toutes les valeurs des paramètres en utilisant des méthodes variationnelles.
The Cauchy problem for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation
Authors: Gérard P. 
Published: February 2006

We prove global wellposedness of the two-dimensional and three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equations in the natural energy space.

Résumé
On établit que le problème de Cauchy pour l'équation de Gross–Pitaevskii est bien posé dans l'espace d'énergie naturel, en dimensions deux et trois.
Zoledronic acid is synergic with vinblastine to induce apoptosis in a multidrug resistance protein‐1 dependent way: An in vitro study*
Authors: Yildiz Mustafa , Celik‐Ozenci Ciler , Akan Selma , Akan Ilhan , Sati Leyla , Demir Ramazan , Savas Burhan , Ozben Tomris , Samur Mustafa , Ozdogan Mustafa , Artac Mehmet , Bozcuk Hakan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWe have explored the action of zoledronic acid, which has an apoptotic effect and is used as an agent for treating skeletal metastases and osteoporosis, in the presence of vinblastine, and whether this effect is associated with MRP‐1 (multidrug resistance protein‐1) expression. HEK (human embryonic kidney) 293 cells were transfected to form the multidrug resistant cell line designated 293MRP (MRP‐1 expressing HEK293 cells). Both lines were treated with varying concentrations of vinblastine and zoledronic acid. Apoptosis was determined by the TUNEL (deoxyuridine triphosphate nick end‐labeling) method.The type of treatment, MRP‐1 expression status, and the type of treatment with respect to MRP‐1 expression status significantly affected (P < 0.001) the degree of apoptosis. The largest increase in cytotoxicity was noted in HEK293 cells, when 100 μmol zoledronic acid was added to 4 μg/ml vinblastine (an increment of 80.3%, P < 0.001). This preliminary work shows that zoledronic acid acts synergistically with vinblastine to induce apoptosis in an MRP‐1 dependent way.
Being a parent of the adolescent with complex chronic pain: An interpretative phenomenological analysis
Authors: Jordan Abbie L. , Eccleston Christopher , Osborn Mike 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBackgroundPrevious quantitative research has shown that parents of adolescents with chronic pain report elevated levels of emotional distress in addition to limitations in social and family functioning.BackgroundThis study aimed to further explore this parental impact by employing qualitative methodology to investigate parental experiences of caring for an adolescent with chronic pain.BackgroundA sample of 17 parents/carers of adolescents with chronic pain was selected from two UK tertiary clinic sites. Participants were 11 mothers, five fathers, and one grandmother (primary caregiver). Four focus groups with parents/carers were conducted to discuss the impact of caring for an adolescent with chronic pain on the parent/carer. Transcripts were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA).BackgroundData analysis revealed two superordinate themes that captured the extensive, and largely negative, impact of being a parent of an adolescent with chronic pain. These themes were labelled ‘struggle for control and coherence’ and ‘a very different life’. Both themes represent a fundamental parental struggle to adapt to a life very different than expected, a life fraught with uncertainty, fear, distress and loss.BackgroundParents who are unable to achieve the relief of their adolescent's chronic pain and suffering report significant personal distress that is exemplified by the repetitive search for legitimacy of their child's pain in ‘diagnosis'. In the absence of diagnosis parents reported an unwelcome suspension in an unusual pattern of parenting, resembling the infant phase of parenting.
Metabolic cost of feeding in Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) larvae using microcalorimetry
Authors: McCollum Artie , Geubtner Jessica , Hunt von Herbing Ione 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
A microcalorimeter that measures total heat output (μW) was used to determine total metabolic rate (aerobic and anaerobic) and the cost of feeding (specific dynamic action, SDA) in larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) from hatching to 4 weeks post-hatch at 10°C. Total heat output increased throughout development from 2.14 μW at first-feeding to 23.72 μW at 4 weeks post-hatch. SDA was determined by comparing the total heat output among unfed larvae and fed larvae simultaneously. Total heat output increased in the first 2 h after feeding with rotifers (Brachionus sp.) and Artemia, remained high for up to 10 h, was significantly higher in fed larvae than in unfed larvae, and ranged from 16.56 μW at first-feeding to 47.84 μW at 4 weeks post-hatch. The differences in total heat output between unfed and fed larvae were 14.42 μW and 24.12 μW, representing an increase in metabolic cost of feeding by a factor of 1.67 over the first 4 weeks of larval life. That the metabolic cost of feeding increased with development and remained elevated suggests that cod larvae allocate a large part of their energy budget to growth in order to meet the demands of their fast growth rates.
Worldwide status and perspective on gadoid culture
Authors: Rosenlund Grethe , Skretting Magnus 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Currently, Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is the primary species being developed for commercial culture, with activities concentrated around the North Atlantic. In addition, closed life cycles have been established for haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus), pollock (Pollachius pollachius), and hake (Merluccius australis), but production of these species (in Canada, Spain, and Chile) is rather modest. In the short- to medium-term, Atlantic cod will be the dominant gadoid species in culture, and it is believed that production can reach levels similar to those of farmed salmon within the next 15–20 years. This development is possible because methods for year-round production of juveniles and significant hatchery capacity have been established. Also, there is a demand for farmed cod to fill the gap between increasing market needs and diminishing supply from fisheries. However, challenges must be met if cod farming is to reach its anticipated potential. Juvenile production must become more reliable in terms of survival and quality. For the on-growing phase, the supply of cost-efficient feeds produced from sustainable raw materials is of utmost importance. Consumer markets need to be developed with an emphasis on quality and food safety. Relatively little is known about health management for gadoid species.
Growth, survival, diet, and on-growing husbandry of haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus in tanks and netpens
Authors: Treasurer James W. , Sveier Harald , Harvey Warren , Allen Roddy , Cutts Christopher J. , Mazorra de Quero Carlos , Ford Leslie 
Published: February 2006

Abstract
Growth of haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) was assessed in onshore tanks in West Scotland. Fish were stocked at a mean weight of 15 g in July 2002, with a second stocking in October 2002 at 25 g. Fish had a mean weight of 755 ± 150 (s.d.) g at 20 months after stocking and were harvested. The specific growth rate of haddock was similar to Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) during the first year but decreased by 20% after that. Liver biomass was 17.6% of the whole body weight, suggesting haddock had difficulty in utilizing dietary lipid. Reduced lipid levels in the diet had only a short-term effect on hepatosomatic index (HSI). Haddock that were held under 24-h light from the first summer solstice did not mature at an age of two years when compared with complete maturation of fish reared under ambient light. Mortality during the on-growing stage was high (28% of stock) and was attributed to Vibrio anguillarum infection, and possibly to enlarged livers. An assessment of quality found taste and texture to be as good or equal to wild North Sea haddock, and quality was improved with a five-day starvation period. Haddock mean weight, six months after transfer to netpens, was not significantly different from that of fish of the same age grown in tanks.
Maternal weight gain ranges for optimal fetal growth in Japanese women
Authors: Takimoto H. , Sugiyama T. , Fukuoka H. , Kato N. , Yoshiike N. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjective: To identify adequate weight gain ranges during pregnancy in Japanese women. Method: Obstetric records from 2001 to 2002 for 46,659 term, singleton, vaginally delivered live births was used to estimate IUGR and macrosomia risk. Total maternal weight gain was grouped according to gestational age‐specific percentile values of weight gain as follows: “very low” (under the 25th), “low” (25th to 49th), “moderate” (50th to 74th), “high” (75th to 89th), and “very high” (90th and over). Results: About 6% of infants were identified as having IUGR and 0.9% as macrosomia. IUGR risk was elevated with low weight gains. Macrosomia risk was related to high weight gains and previous spontaneous abortions. Conclusion: Achieving weight gains between the 50th and 75th percentiles for gestational age was considered adequate for optimal fetal growth in Japanese pregnant women.
Timing of the late-glacial climate reversal in the Southern Hemisphere using high-resolution radiocarbon chronology for Kaipo Bog, New Zealand
Authors: Hajdas Irka , Lowe David J. , Newnham Rewi M. , Bonani Georges 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe pattern of climate change in the Southern Hemisphere during the Younger Dryas (YD) chronozone provides essential constraint on mechanisms of abrupt climate change only if accurate, high-precision chronologies are obtained. A climate reversal reported previously at Kaipo bog, New Zealand, had been dated between 13,600 and 12,600 cal yr B.P. and appeared to asynchronously overlap the YD chron, but the chronology, based on conventionally radiocarbon-dated bulk sediment samples, left the precise timing questionable. We report a new high-resolution AMS 14C chronology for the Kaipo record that confirms the original chronology and provides further evidence for a mid-latitude Southern Ocean cooling event dated between 13,800 and 12,400 cal yr B.P. (2σ range), roughly equivalent to the Antarctic Cold Reversal.