bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myosin‐induced F‐actin fragmentation facilitates contraction of actin networks
Authors: Matsuda Kyohei , Jung Wonyeong , Sato Yusei , Kobayashi Takuya , Yamagishi Masahiko , Kim Taeyoon , Yajima Junichiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMechanical forces play a crucial role in diverse physiological processes, such as cell migration, cytokinesis, and morphogenesis. The actin cytoskeleton generates a large fraction of the mechanical forces via molecular interactions between actin filaments (F‐actins) and myosin motors. Recent studies have shown that the common tendency of actomyosin networks to contract into a smaller structure deeply involves F‐actin buckling induced by motor activities, fragmentation of F‐actins, and the force‐dependent unbinding of cross‐linkers that inter‐connect F‐actins. The fragmentation of F‐actins was shown to originate from either buckling or tensile force from previous single‐molecule experiments. While the role of buckling in network contraction has been studied extensively, to date, the role of tension‐induced F‐actin fragmentation in network contraction has not been investigated. In this study, we employed in vitro experiments and an agent‐based computational model to illuminate when and how the tension‐induced F‐actin fragmentation facilitates network contraction. Our experiments demonstrated that F‐actins can be fragmented due to tensile forces, immediately followed by catastrophic rupture and contraction of networks. Using the agent‐based model, we showed that F‐actin fragmentation by tension results in distinct rupture dynamics different from that observed in networks only with cross‐linker unbinding. Moreover, we found that tension‐induced F‐actin fragmentation is particularly important for the contraction of networks with high connectivity. Results from our study shed light on an important regulator of the contraction of actomyosin networks which has been neglected. In addition, our results provide insights into the rupture mechanisms of polymeric network structures and bio‐inspired materials.
Distribution and bulk flow analyses of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) motor kinesin‐2 support an “on‐demand” model for Chlamydomonas ciliary length control
Authors: Patel Mansi B. , Griffin Paul J. , Olson Spencer F. , Dai Jin , Hou Yuqing , Malik Tara , Das Poulomi , Zhang Gui , Zhao Winston , Witman George B. , Lechtreck Karl F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMost cells tightly control the length of their cilia. The regulation likely involves intraflagellar transport (IFT), a bidirectional motility of multi‐subunit particles organized into trains that deliver building blocks into the organelle. In Chlamydomonas, the anterograde IFT motor kinesin‐2 consists of the motor subunits FLA8 and FLA10 and the nonmotor subunit KAP. KAP dissociates from IFT at the ciliary tip and diffuses back to the cell body. This observation led to the diffusion‐as‐a‐ruler model of ciliary length control, which postulates that KAP is progressively sequestered into elongating cilia because its return to the cell body will require increasingly more time, limiting motor availability at the ciliary base, train assembly, building block supply, and ciliary growth. Here, we show that Chlamydomonas FLA8 also returns to the cell body by diffusion. However, more than 95% of KAP and FLA8 are present in the cell body and, at a given time, just ~1% of the motor participates in IFT. After repeated photobleaching of both cilia, IFT of fluorescent kinesin subunits continued indicating that kinesin‐2 cycles from the large cell‐body pool through the cilia and back. Furthermore, growing and full‐length cilia contained similar amounts of kinesin‐2 subunits and the size of the motor pool at the base changed only slightly with ciliary length. These observations are incompatible with the diffusion‐as‐a‐ruler model, but rather support an “on‐demand model,” in which the cargo load of the trains is regulated to assemble cilia of the desired length.
Electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction on Precious‐Metal‐Free catalysts: Mechanism, activity, and selectivity
Authors: Shi Jiawei , Ma Jun , Ma Enze , Li Jing , Hu Yang , Fan Liyuan , Cai Weiwei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical alcohol oxidation reaction (AOR) is pivotal for the development of sustainable energy. The complete oxidation of alcohols has attracted extensive attention as a vital process in fuel cells. Moreover, as an alternative reaction to the oxygen evolution reaction, the selective oxidation of alcohols emerges as an effective means to lower the energy expenditure associated with electrolytic hydrogen production while yielding high‐value products. Nonprecious metal materials have been widely applied in the selective oxidation catalysis of alcohols due to their cost‐effectiveness and excellent durability. In recent years, leveraging the advantages of nonprecious metal materials in electrocatalytic AOR, researchers have delved into catalytic mechanisms and various efficient catalysts have been fabricated and evaluated. This review provides an overview of the current advancements in the electrocatalytic selective oxidation of diverse alcohols and the catalytic systems centered around nonprecious metal materials. It systematically summarizes the shared traits and distinctions in catalytic reaction characteristics across various systems, thereby laying the theoretical foundation for developing novel catalyst systems that are efficient, stable, and highly selective. This review will facilitate the utilization of nonprecious metal catalysts further toward the electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohols.
Towards Energy‐Efficient Direct Air Capture with Photochemically‐Driven CO2 Release and Solvent Regeneration
Authors: Premadasa Uvinduni I. , Doughty Benjamin , Custelcean Radu , Ma Ying‐Zhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe intensive energy demands associated with solvent regeneration and CO2 release in current direct air capture (DAC) technologies makes their deployment at the massive scales (GtCO2/year) required to positively impact the climate economically unfeasible. This challenge underscores the critical need to develop new DAC processes with significantly reduced energy costs. Recently, we developed a new approach to photochemically drive efficient release of CO2 through an intermolecular proton transfer reaction by exploiting the unique properties of an indazole metastable‐state photoacid (mPAH), opening a new avenue towards energy efficient on‐demand CO2 release and solvent regeneration using abundant solar energy instead of heat. In this Concept Article, we will describe the principle of our photochemically‐driven CO2 release approach for solvent‐based DAC systems, discuss the essential prerequisites and conditions to realize this cyclable CO2 release chemistry under ambient conditions. We outline the key findings of our approach, discuss the latest developments from other research laboratories, detail approaches used to monitor DAC systems in situ, and highlight experimental procedures for validating its feasibility. We conclude with a summary and outlook into the immediate challenges that must be addressed in order to fully exploit this novel photochemically‐driven approach to DAC solvent regeneration.
Toward the right treatment at the right time: Modeling the trajectory of cognitive decline to identify the earliest age of change in people with Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Baksh R. Asaad , Strydom André , Carter Ben , Carriere Isabelle , Ritchie Karen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionAge is the greatest risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). A limitation of randomized control trials in AD is a lack of specificity in the age ranges of participants who are enrolled in studies of disease‐modifying therapies. We aimed to apply Emax (i.e., maximum effect) modeling as a novel approach to identity ideal treatment windows.MethodsEmax curves were fitted to longitudinal cognitive data of 101 participants with AD and 1392 healthy controls. We included the Mini‐Mental State Examination (MMSE) and tests of verbal fluency and executive functioning.ResultsIn people with AD, the earliest decline in the MMSE could be detected in the 67–71 age band while verbal fluency declined from the 41–45 age band. In healthy controls, changes in cognition showed a later trajectory of decline.DiscussionEmax modeling could be used to design more efficient trials which has implications for randomized control trials targeting the earlier stages of AD.
Molecular mechanisms of differentiation and class choice of olfactory sensory neurons
Authors: Hirota Junji 
Published: March 2024

SummaryThe sense of smell is intricately linked to essential animal behaviors necessary for individual survival and species preservation. During vertebrate evolution, odorant receptors (ORs), responsible for detecting odor molecules, have evolved to adapt to changing environments, transitioning from aquatic to terrestrial habitats and accommodating increasing complex chemical environments. These evolutionary pressures have given rise to the largest gene family in vertebrate genomes. Vertebrate ORs are phylogenetically divided into two major classes; class I and class II. Class I OR genes, initially identified in fish and frog, have persisted across vertebrate species. On the other hand, class II OR genes are unique to terrestrial animals, accounting for ~90% of mammalian OR genes. In mice, each olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) expresses a single functional allele of a single OR gene from either the class I or class II OR repertoire. This one neuron‐one receptor rule is established through two sequential steps: specification of OR class and subsequent exclusive OR expression from the corresponding OR class. Consequently, OSNs acquire diverse neuronal identities during the process of OSN differentiation, enabling animals to detect a wide array of odor molecules. This review provides an overview of the OSN differentiation process through which OSN diversity is achieved, primarily using the mouse as a model animal.
Isochrony in barks of Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) pups and adults
Authors: Osiecka Anna N. , Fearey Jack , Ravignani Andrea , Burchardt Lara S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAnimal vocal communication often relies on call sequences. The temporal patterns of such sequences can be adjusted to other callers, follow complex rhythmic structures or exhibit a metronome‐like pattern (i.e., isochronous). How regular are the temporal patterns in animal signals, and what influences their precision? If present, are rhythms already there early in ontogeny? Here, we describe an exploratory study of Cape fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus) barks—a vocalisation type produced across many pinniped species in rhythmic, percussive bouts. This study is the first quantitative description of barking in Cape fur seal pups. We analysed the rhythmic structures of spontaneous barking bouts of pups and adult females from the breeding colony in Cape Cross, Namibia. Barks of adult females exhibited isochrony, that is they were produced at fairly regular points in time. Instead, intervals between pup barks were more variable, that is skipping a bark in the isochronous series occasionally. In both age classes, beat precision, that is how well the barks followed a perfect template, was worse when barking at higher rates. Differences could be explained by physiological factors, such as respiration or arousal. Whether, and how, isochrony develops in this species remains an open question. This study provides evidence towards a rhythmic production of barks in Cape fur seal pups and lays the groundwork for future studies to investigate the development of rhythm using multidimensional metrics.
Width undulation drives flow convergence routing in five flashy ephemeral river types across a dry summer subtropical region
Authors: Nogueira Xavier R. , Pasternack Gregory B. , Lane Belize A. , Sandoval‐Solis Samuel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDuring the last decade, meter‐resolution topo‐bathymetric digital elevation models (DEMs) have become increasingly utilized within fluvial geomorphology, but most meter‐scale geomorphic analyses are done on just one to a few rivers. While such analyses have contributed greatly to our collective understanding of river discharge‐topography interactions, which is applicable in both river restoration design and environmental flow regulation contexts, their generalizability across a range of river types remains largely unevaluated. This study assessed the dominance of a single hydro‐morphodynamic mechanism, flow convergence routing, in 35 ephemeral rivers divided among five river types in California's South Coast region by answering five questions. Geomorphic covariance structure (GCS) analysis was performed on longitudinal standardized width and standardized, detrended bed elevation spatial series from meter‐resolution DEMs. All river types had coherent, multi‐scalar structures of longitudinal fluvial topography, implicating a process‐morphology link. GCS metrics revealed that landform patterning was consistent with the requirements of the morphodynamic mechanism of flow convergence routing. Thus, that process was found to be a broadly relevant channel altering mechanism among sites, but its relationship with water stage differed between river types. Specifically, river types in unconfined valleys exhibited a strong bankfull width control over base flow bed undulations, with no obvious flood‐stage control over bankfull landform patterning. River types in partially confined valleys also exhibited strong bankfull width control over base flow bed undulations, but their bankfull landform patterns appear to have coalesced with coherent width and bed elevation undulations during flood flows. Finally, metrics for confined river types showed that it takes higher magnitude, less frequent floods to set their coherent width and bed elevation undulations, but even these channels do exhibit flow convergence routing when given enough discharge for sufficient duration.
Can intraday data improve the joint estimation and prediction of risk measures? Evidence from a variety of realized measures
Authors: Wu Zhimin , Cai Guanghui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the semiparametric methods for the joint estimation and prediction of value at risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) have triggered great interests and attention. Compared to existing literature which usually incorporates realized volatility (RV) into the dynamic semiparametric risk models, this paper considers three more robust proxies (medRV, BPV, and RK) of intraday volatility in the models to verify whether high‐frequency information can improve the joint prediction ability of risk measures. To strengthen the persuasion of conclusions, four international stock indices (S&P500, Nikkei225, GDAXI, and DJIA) are applied to these models to estimate and forecast VaR and ES at different probability levels (1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10%). Then, the predicted VaR and ES are backtested by several methods individually, and the popular score function FZ0 and MCS test are used to compare the effects of jointly predicting risk measures. Our results confirm that these semiparametric models containing intraday information outperform the benchmark models for four stocks and various probability levels, and medRV is the best volatility measure in improving the effects of models.
Associations between nutritional deficiencies and food insecurity among adolescent girls: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Basiry Mursal , Surkan Pamela J. , Ghosn Batoul , Esmaillzadeh Ahmad , Azadbakht Leila 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a research gap in understanding the relationship between nutrient deficiency and food insecurity among adolescent girls in Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to investigate the associations between nutrient deficiencies and food insecurity among middle and high school‐aged girls in Kabul. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 380 randomly selected 11–18‐year‐old girls attending public schools in grades 6–12. We assessed girls' food insecurity, food and nutrient intake, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. Nutrient consumption was calculated using Nutritionist IV software. Statistical analyses, including one‐way analysis of variance, Chi‐square tests, and t‐tests, were used to assess the association between dietary intake and food insecurity. More than half (52.9%) of the participants were food insecure, with 35.8% experiencing hunger and 17.1% without hunger. Vitamin B3, C, selenium, and iron had the highest sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy and were the best indicators of food insecurity with and without hunger. The most prevalent nutrient deficiencies were vitamin B9 and E, calcium, magnesium, and zinc inadequacies. Food security was positively associated with fruit, vitamins E and K, dairy products (e.g., milk, yogurt, and cheese), meat products (e.g., chicken, meat, red meat, and egg), and nut intake. Our findings suggest that adolescent girls in Kabul may benefit from food programs that enrich nutrients such as B9 and E, calcium, magnesium, and zinc, which were found to be the most prevalent nutrient deficiencies. These findings highlight the importance of addressing food insecurity and nutrient deficiencies among adolescent girls in Afghanistan.
The effects of using sheep tail fat and cooking time on carboxymethyl‐lysine formation and some quality characteristics of heat‐treated sucuk
Authors: Anlar Pınar , Kaban Güzin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe study's aim was to determine the effect of using sheep tail fat (STF) on carboxymethyl‐lysine (CML) content and other properties of heat‐treated sucuk (HTS), a type of semi‐dry fermented sausage. Three mixtures were prepared: 100% beef fat (BF), 50% BF + 50% STF, and 100% STF. After production (fermentation, heat treatment, and drying), the samples were cooked at 180°C for 0, 1, 3, and 5 min to determine the effect of cooking time on CML, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS), total sulfhydryl, and carbonyl contents. The lowest pH value (5.50) was observed in the presence of STF. The most oleic acid (46.02%) was observed in the 100% STF group. The score of taste and general acceptability decreased with increasing STF. Using STF had no significant effect on TBARS, total sulfhydryl, carbonyl, or CML content. These parameters were affected by cooking time. The mean CML content increased from 55.77 to 72.90 μg/g after 5 min of cooking. CML correlated more strongly with TBARS than sulfhydryl or carbonyl.
Chronology of Upper Paleolithic human activities recorded in a stalagmite at Points Cave (Aiguèze, Gard, France)
Authors: Richard Maïlys , Pons‐Branchu Edwige , Valladas Hélène , Toffolo Michael B. , Dubernet Stéphan , Dapoigny Arnaud , Dumoulin Jean‐Pascal , Beauvais Pierre‐Antoine , Monney Julien 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, we propose an approach to reconstruct the timing of human activity at Points Cave, an Upper Paleolithic rock art site located in the middle of the Ardèche River Gorge (Rhône valley, France), based on the dating and characterisation of a stalagmite containing soot. Points Cave (‘Grotte aux Points’ in French), also called the ‘little sister of Chauvet Cave’, is famous for its parietal art including a series of dots made of palm prints. A large number of stalagmites formed in the cave during the last 500 ka. However, quarrying of the cave floors during historic times led to the partial destruction of the sedimentary deposits, and many of the stalagmites were found lying on the floor. In particular, one of them (STM‐18‐04) showed the presence of at least four dark layers in cross‐section, which appeared as possible remnants of fire‐related activities in the cave. Despite being present at the same site, no other specific link between STM‐18‐04 and the rock art has been documented. This stalagmite, however, allows us to identify phases of human presence, located at the cave entrance. To do so, we performed a series of analyses to determine its period of growth and the nature of the dark layers that it contains. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman microspectroscopy confirmed that the dark layers include soot, and uranium‐series dating indicated that the fire events occurred, respectively, around 14,200–14,100 and 12,500 years ago, in agreement with the radiocarbon ages of charcoal specimens recovered from the excavation areas nearby. We thus highlighted phases of human activity at the site during the Upper Magdalenian and/or beginning of the Epipaleolithic. By comparing our results with the regional paleoclimatic record, the soot layers trapped in the stalagmite appear to be synchronous with two cold periods, likely the Older Dryas and the Younger Dryas.
Differential cognitive correlates in processing symbolic and situational mathematics
Authors: Cui Jiaxin , Yang Fan , Peng Yuanyi , Wang Saisai , Zhou Xinlin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSymbolic and situational mathematics are the two major representations of mathematical knowledge. Although previous literature has studied the relationship between the two from the perspective of teaching practice, learning effectiveness and behavioural performance, there is still a lack of empirical psychological research on cognitive mechanisms to explore the psychological processes of the two. The current study investigated the relationship between symbolic and situational mathematics by determining the differences in cognitive correlates between the two in fourth‐grade children. Their symbolic and situational mathematics abilities were assessed using symbolic and situational enumeration tests under the same conditions. Several types of general cognitive abilities, language processing and academic achievements were also examined. Results showed that both situational and symbolic mathematics are crucial for mathematical achievement. Arithmetic computation is closely correlated with symbolic mathematics, whereas spatial processing and inductive reasoning ability are uniquely correlated with situational mathematics. The results suggest that situational and symbolic mathematics have separate cognitive correlates, which means the two are distinct in terms of psychological processing.
Group concerns and communication and cooperation between practitioners under the European Insolvency Regulation (Part II)
Authors: Pepels Sid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, the author examines with a specific focus on the insolvency practitioner to what extent the Recast European Insolvency Regulation's provisions on communication, cooperation and coordination between the main actors in group companies' insolvency proceedings allow for efficient restructurings of those group companies. In doing so, the author will, at points, compare the provisions in Chapter V of the Recast European Insolvency Regulation to—and draw inspiration from—the German provisions on groups of companies that were adopted into the German Insolvency Act (Insolvenzordnung) and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law's Model Law on Enterprise Group Insolvency. The author also aims to outline, among other things, the various forms of (cross‐border) communication, cooperation and coordination that the Recast European Insolvency Regulation obligates insolvency practitioners of groups of companies to engage in, how they should implement those forms of ‘CoCo’ and what would happen if they neglect to comply with those obligations. This article is Part II of a diptych on this topic; Part I was published in an earlier issue of this journal.