bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk factors for psychological and physical health problems
after a man-made disaster
Authors: Dirkzwager Anja J. E. , Grievink Linda , van der Velden Peter G. , Yzermans C. Joris 
Published: March 2009

BackgroundThere are few prospective studies on risk factors for health problems
after disasters in which actual pre-disaster health data are
available.AimsTo examine whether survivors' personal characteristics, and pre-disaster
psychological problems, and disaster-related variables, are related to
their post-disaster health.MethodTwo studies were combined: a longitudinal survey using the electronic
medical records of survivors' general practitioners (GPs), from 1 year
before to 1 year after the disaster, and a survey in which questionnaires
were filled in by survivors, 3 weeks and 18 months after the disaster.
Data from both surveys and the electronic medical records were available
for 994 survivors.ResultsAfter adjustment for demographic and disaster-related variables,
pre-existing psychological problems were significantly associated with
post-disaster self-reported health problems and post-disaster problems
presented to the GP. This association was found for both psychological
and physical post-disaster problems.ConclusionsIn trying to prevent long-term health consequences after disaster, early
attention to survivors with pre-existing psychological problems, and to
those survivors who are forced to relocate or are exposed to many
stressors during the disaster, appears appropriate.
Emotional or educational debriefing after psychological trauma
Authors: Sijbrandij Marit , Olff Miranda , Reitsma Johannes B. , Carlier Ingrid V. E. , Gersons Berthold P. R. 
Published: March 2009

BackgroundRecent studies show that individual single-session psychological debriefing does not prevent and can even aggravate symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).AimsWe studied the effect of emotional ventilation debriefing and educational debriefingv.no debriefing on symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression.MethodWe randomised 236 adult survivors of a recent traumatic event to either emotional ventilation debriefing, educational debriefing or no debriefing (control) and followed up at 2 weeks, 6 weeks and 6 months.ResultsPsychiatric symptoms decreased in all three groups over time, without significant differences between the groups in symptoms of PTSD (P=0.33). Participants in the emotional debriefing group with high baseline hyperarousal score had significantly more PTSD symptoms at 6 weeks than control participants (P=0.005).ConclusionsOur study did not provide evidence for the usefulness of individual psychological debriefing in reducing symptoms of PTSD, anxiety and depression after psychological trauma.
STAT3 Targets the Regulatory Regions of Gluconeogenic Genes in Vivo
Authors: Ramadoss Preeti , Unger-Smith Nathan E. , Lam Francis S. , Hollenberg Anthony N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe regulation of expression of gluconeogenic genes including glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) in the liver plays an important role in glucose homeostasis, because aberrant expression of these genes contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous reports demonstrate that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays a key role in regulating gluconeogenic gene expression, but the mechanism remains unclear. Herein we demonstrate that phosphorylated STAT3 is required for repression of G6Pase expression by IL-6 in both HepG2 cells and mouse liver. Interestingly, PEPCK expression is regulated by STAT3 independent of IL-6 activation. Using in vivo chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrate that STAT3 binds to the promoters of the G6Pase, PEPCK, and suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 genes, and its recruitment increases at the G6Pase and SOCS3 promoters with IL-6 treatment. Whereas persistent recruitment of RNA polymerase II is seen on the SOCS3 promoter, consistent with its induction by IL-6, a decrease in polymerase II recruitment and histone H4 acetylation is seen at the G6Pase promoter with IL-6 treatment. Thus STAT3 mediates negative regulation of hepatic gluconeogenic gene expression in vivo by interacting with regulatory regions of these genes.
PLC-γ1 and Rac1 Coregulate EGF-Induced Cytoskeleton Remodeling and Cell Migration
Authors: Li Siwei , Wang Qian , Wang Yi , Chen Xinmei , Wang Zhixiang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt is well established that epidermal growth factor (EGF) induces the cytoskeleton reorganization and cell migration through two major signaling cascades: phospholipase C-γ1 (PLC-γ1) and Rho GTPases. However, little is known about the cross talk between PLC-γ1 and Rho GTPases. Here we showed that PLC-γ1 forms a complex with Rac1 in response to EGF. This interaction is direct and mediated by PLC-γ1 Src homology 3 (SH3) domain and Rac1 106PNTP109 motif. This interaction is critical for EGF-induced Rac1 activation in vivo, and PLC-γ1 SH3 domain is actually a potent and specific Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor in vitro. We have also demonstrated that the interaction between PLC-γ1 SH3 domain and Rac1 play a significant role in EGF-induced F-actin formation and cell migration. We conclude that PLC-γ1 and Rac1 coregulate EGF-induced cell cytoskeleton remodeling and cell migration by a direct functional interaction.
Experimental and numerical analysis of the roller-bench endurance test on a motorscooter
Authors: Frendo F , Rosellini W 
Published: March 2009

This paper describes an activity aimed at analysing the loads occurring on a two-wheeler during one of the most widespread tests among two-wheeler companies. In this test, the vehicle with additional ballasts, is positioned on two rollers, having synchronized rotational speed, and is subjected to loads coming from obstacles positioned on the rollers' surface. In order to achieve an in-depth understanding of the loads produced by the test, a vehicle was provided with displacement transducers, accelerometers, and strain gauges. At the same time, two multi-body models of the test were set up, in which the motorscooter had a rigid frame or a flexible frame respectively. The dynamics of the tyre was reproduced by the rigid ring model, where the tyre interacts with the wheel rim by means of linear and rotational springs and dampers. The loads from the obstacles are evaluated on the basis of a series of experimental curves (envelope properties of the tyre) directly obtained with the tyres and obstacle employed for the tests. The comparison between experimental and numerical results regarding suspension strokes, wheel vertical accelerations, and vertical and longitudinal loads showed fairly good agreement; it is also shown how the model having the rigid frame overestimates the peaks in the vertical load. The availability of an accurate model for this kind of test in the early phase of the development process of new vehicles, allows the design of structural components to be optimized.
Metagenomic Pyrosequencing and Microbial Identification
Authors: Petrosino Joseph F , Highlander Sarah , Luna Ruth Ann , Gibbs Richard A , Versalovic James 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Background: The Human Microbiome Project has ushered in a new era for human metagenomics and high-throughput next-generation sequencing strategies.
Content: This review describes evolving strategies in metagenomics, with a special emphasis on the core technology of DNA pyrosequencing. The challenges of microbial identification in the context of microbial populations are discussed. The development of next-generation pyrosequencing strategies and the technical hurdles confronting these methodologies are addressed. Bioinformatics-related topics include taxonomic systems, sequence databases, sequence-alignment tools, and classifiers. DNA sequencing based on 16S rRNA genes or entire genomes is summarized with respect to potential pyrosequencing applications.
Summary: Both the approach of 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and the whole-genome sequencing approach may be useful for human metagenomics, and numerous bioinformatics tools are being deployed to tackle such vast amounts of microbiological sequence diversity. Metagenomics, or genetic studies of microbial communities, may ultimately contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of human health, disease susceptibilities, and the pathophysiology of infectious and immune-mediated diseases.
Penetration Rate Effect on Miniature Cone Tip Resistance for Different Cohesionless Materials
Authors: Kumar Jyant , Raju K. V. S. B. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Cone penetrometer tests were carried out in a 140 mm diameter triaxial chamber by using a miniature cone of diameter 19.5 mm. The rate of cone penetration was varied from 0.01 mm/s to 0.1 mm/s. Tests were performed in (i) clean sand, (ii) silty sand, and (iii) sand added with fly ash. Two different effective vertical pressures (σv), 100 kPa and 300 kPa, were employed. It was noted that for clean and silty sand, the effect of penetration rate on the ultimate tip resistance (qcu) of the cone was found to remain only marginal. On the other hand, for sand added with 30 % fly ash, the variation in qcu values with penetration rate was found to become quite significant. The effect of penetration rate on qcu in all the cases was found to increase with a decrease in the rate of cone penetration. It was noted that with an increase in σv, the effect of penetration rate on qcu was found to become smaller. The effect of the cone penetration rate on qcu generally reduces with an increase in the relative density of the material.
Severity of Quenching and Kinetics of Wetting of Nanofluids and Vegetable Oils
Authors: Jagannath Vaishali , Prabhu K. Narayan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
In the present work, the suitability of vegetable oil blends with mineral oil and alumina based nanofluids as quench media for industrial heat treatment was investigated. Sunflower oil, palm oil, and mineral oil were used for preparing the blends. Alumina based nanofluids of varying concentrations ranging from 0.01–4 % were used. The size of alumina particles was about 50 nm. The severity of quenching and heat transfer coefficients were estimated during quenching of copper probes. Heat transfer coefficients were estimated using a lumped heat capacitance model. The static contact angle was measured on copper substrates having a surface texture similar to the probes used for estimation of heat transfer coefficients. A dynamic contact angle analyzer was used for this purpose. The measured contact angles of nanofluids on copper were high compared to oils, indicating poor wetting by quench media that are polar in nature. Wetting characteristics had a significant effect on heat transfer coefficients estimated during quenching.
Explanation on the Origin of Distortion in Induction Hardened Ring Specimens by Computer Simulation
Authors: Horino T. , Ikuta F. , Arimoto K. , Jin C. , Tamura S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Explanation of the distortion mechanism is important for realizing the low-distortion and distortion-adapted induction hardening processes. Two of our authors applied computer simulation to examine distortions of ring specimens induction hardened on their outer side and also tempered. Simulated deformations agreed well with the experimental results. In this study, a simulation for the same experiment was carried out by the more enhanced modeling techniques. The possibility of explaining the origin of distortion in induction hardened ring specimens was shown clearly from simulated distribution changes of temperature, metallic structures, stresses, and strains.
Impact Attenuation Characteristics of Thin Walled Collapsible Air Chambers for Use in Protective Helmets
Authors: Hoshizaki T. B. , Post A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
For the past 40 years, helmets have primarily used expanded polystyrene, vinyl nitrile, and expanded polypropylene foams for impact attenuation. Even though the packaging industry has investigated a variety of structures for impact management, the helmet industry has been slow to adopt these types of innovations. More recently, engineered structures have been developed and introduced for use in the helmet industry. This study was intended to describe the impact characteristics of a thin walled collapsible air chambers designed to be used in sport helmets. This study investigated three structures: rigid walls, a chamber with rigid walls and a vent, and a chamber with rigid walls and no vent. Each structure was impacted with a 5 kg weight at three velocities: 1.9, 2.8, and 3.4 m/s. The three structures were also made using two materials of different stiffnesses. Analysis of the results revealed that the effect of the walls, vent, and material stiffness interacted to produce effective energy management. The results demonstrated that by changing the material stiffness, wall thickness, and vent diameter the performance of the chambers can be engineered to effectively manage different levels of energy.
Psychopathologic and cognitive investigations in schizophrenia
Authors: Farkas Márta 
Published: March 2009

A dolgozat témája egyfelől két pszichopatológiai tünet elemzése egy hosszú távú utánkövetéses vizsgálat – „Budapest 2000” – keretében elsősorban szkizofréniában szenvedő nőbetegek körében; másfelől a genetikai prediszpozícióhoz közelinek tartott kognitív endofenotipikus vonás – az asszociatív tanulás és tanult ekvivalencia – vizsgálata szkizofrén betegek és hozzájuk illesztett egészséges kontrollok csoportjaiban.
Célkitűzés:
I. Megvizsgálni 1. a téveszme és a hallucináció súlyosságát, annak időbeli változását, előfordulásának valószínűségét az egyes klinikai csoportokban; 2. a klinikai csoportokra jellemző kórlefolyást a két tünet alapján. II. Tanulmányozni az asszociációs tanulás és a tanult ekvivalencia jelenségét abban az összefüggésben, hogy ezek a képességek elkülönítik-e a szkizofrén betegeket az egészséges kontrollcsoporttól, illetve a szkizofrénián belül elkülönülnek-e a deficit- és nem deficitszkizofrénia-alcsoportok.
Módszerek:
Az első, klinikai tüneteket elemző vizsgálatban 221 nőbeteg vett részt, a tüneteket a Rockland–Pollin-féle becslésskála, valamint a Sajátos tünetek listája segítségével értékeltük a betegség heveny szakában (indexidőpont), valamint 5 évvel és 21–33 évvel az indexidőpontot követően. Diagnosztikus besorolásuk eredetileg Leonhard rendszere szerint történt, de elvégeztük a DSM-IV szerinti diagnosztizálásukat is. A második vizsgálat keretében 49 szkizofrén férfi és nőbeteget, valamint 20 illesztett egészséges kontrollt vizsgáltunk meg a Rutgers-féle tanultekvivalencia-teszt, valamint három, döntően frontális neuropszichológiai teszt segítségével. Az utóbbi vizsgálat keretében a klinikai tüneteket a Positive and negative symptom scale-lel mértük.
Eredmények:
A pozitív dimenzió tüneteinek változásában a hosszú távú lefolyás során különbség mutatkozik: hallucináció súlyosságában az 5 éves vizsgálat utáni időszakban szignifikáns romlás van, míg a téveszme mérséklődik, de ez a javulás nem szignifikáns. A két tünet, valamint a szociális funkcionálás tekintetében elkülönül egymástól az affektív, cikloid és szkizofrén betegek csoportja az utánkövetés időszaka alatt, és a két tünet jellemzői szerint a paranoid, hebefrén és katatón alcsoportok is. A mediális temporalis lebeny működésével kapcsolatos tanultekvivalencia-vizsgálatban a szkizofrén betegek rosszabbul teljesítettek, mint az egészséges kontrollcsoport. Az agytörzsi magvak mediálta asszociatív tanulásban nyújtott teljesítményük elkülönítette a deficit- vs. nem deficitszkizofrén alcsoportot.
Következtetések:
1. A kognitív dimenzió elkülöníti a szkizofrénia deficit- és nem deficitalcsoportjait. 2. A pozitív dimenzió tünetei alapján a szkizofrénia klasszikus típusai válnak szét.
Effectiveness of new, once-daily 5-aminosalicylic acid in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Lakatos Péter László , Lakatos László 
Published: March 2009

Az 5-aminoszalicilsav- (5-ASA-) készítmények mind a mai napig a colitis ulcerosa terápiájának alapvető gyógyszereit jelentik. Számos orálisan adható 5-ASA-készítmény van forgalomban, beleértve az azo-kötést tartalmazó prodrugokat (például sulfalazin, olsalazin, balzalazid), valamint a mesalazin elnyújtott és kontrollált hatóanyag-kibocsátású kiszereléseit. Az orális terápia hatékonysága a beteg jó együttműködésén is múlik, amelynek gátat szabhat a naponta többször adott, nagyszámú tabletta bevétele. Ez a tényező a colitis ulcerosában szenvedő betegek terápiájának pontos betartásában jelentős akadályt képezhet. A közelmúltban egy új, naponta egyszer adandó, egyedülálló multimátrix mesalazinkészítmény és a szintén naponta egy alkalommal adható mesalazingranulátum hatékonynak bizonyult az enyhe-közepes súlyosságú colitis ulcerosa indukciós és fenntartó terápiájában. A mellékhatásprofil ugyanakkor nem különbözött a hagyományos mesalazinkészítményektől. A ritka adagolás a betegek jobb hosszú távú compliance-e által hozzájárulhat a betegek hatékonyabb kezeléséhez és várhatóan a colitis ulcerosával kapcsolatos colorectalis carcinoma rizikójának csökkentéséhez. A szerzők az alábbi közleményben összefoglalják az új, naponta egyszer adandó mesalazinkészítmények rövid és közepes távú hatékonyságával és biztonságosságával kapcsolatban elérhető irodalmi adatokat.
Reproductive Strategies of Sea Basses based on Larval Abundance in Magdalena Bay, Mexico, 1982–1986
Authors: Avendaño-Ibarra Raymundo , Hernández-Rivas Martín E. , Silva-Dávila Roxana 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
We analyzed the reproductive strategies of four sea basses Paralabrax spp. based on larval abundance and sea surface temperature during a period affected by the El Niño of 1982–1983. Zooplankton samples were taken monthly in the Magdalena–Almejas lagoon complex of Baja California Sur, Mexico, from January 1982 to November 1986. Larvae of four sea bass species were recorded; those of the spotted sand bass P. maculatofasciatus were dominant, contributing 43% of total abundance. Barred sand bass P. nebulifer constituted 28% of the sampled larvae, goldspotted sand bass P. auroguttatus contributed 26%, and kelp bass P. clathratus made up 3%. During 1983–1984, the larval abundances of spotted sand bass and goldspotted sand bass decreased (by &gt;50% and 90%, respectively), while the abundance of barred sand bass increased by nearly 25%. A seasonal larval abundance maximum for all species was recorded in summer and autumn, but a differential reproductive pattern inferred from larval abundance was determined. Spotted sand bass showed continuous reproductive activity with peaks in February, June, August–September, and November. Barred sand bass larval abundance indicated one reproductive period with peaks in June and November; a single reproductive period (August) was found for goldspotted sand bass. The abundance of kelp bass larvae was very low, and we were not able to identify a reproductive pattern. Spawning habitat occurred at the relatively narrow temperature range of 19–24°C for spotted sand bass and at 24–28°C for barred sand bass; the widest range was recorded for goldspotted sand bass (22–29°C). The temporal segregation and the differences in spawning habitat permitted the identification of three different reproductive strategies in which there exists a certain degree of overlap. This study represents a first step in understanding the reproductive cycle of three species of sea basses in Magdalena Bay.
Age, Growth, and Age Structure of Amarillo Snapper off the Coast of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Authors: García-Contreras Oscar Enrique , Quiñónez-Velázquez Casimiro , Morán-Angulo Ramón Enrique , Valdez-Pineda Maria Candelaria 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
To estimate age, describe individual growth, and determine the catch age structure of amarillo snapper Lutjanus argentiventris off the coast of Mazatlán, Sinaloa, artisanal fishery catches were sampled from December 2002 to November 2003. A total of 483 specimens were sampled that measured between 160 and 660 mm total length (TL) and had a total weight (TW) of between 60 and 4,685 g. The TL–TW relationship (TW = 0.0135TL3.03) showed isometric growth (slope b = 3.0; t-test: P &gt; 0.05). From growth mark readings in 265 sagittal otoliths, 12 age-groups between ages 1 and 17 were identified, and the predominant ages were 1–3 years. Monthly change in the otolith edge width allowed us to determine that growth marks had an annual periodicity; the formation of each growth mark ended in June, which coincided with the species' main spawning peak. Von Bertalanffy growth equation parameters estimated from age–TL data were 735 mm for asymptotic length (L∞), 0.097 per year for the growth coefficient (K), and −2.05 years for age at a TL of zero (t0). The age composition of the catch indicated that 95% of specimens were between ages 1 and 5 and 80% of specimens were younger than age 4 (the age at which 50% of the population reproduces for the first time). Age-6 amarillo snapper had a reduced importance, not exceeding 5%. This study is the first that uses otoliths for determining age and describing growth of the amarillo snapper.
Fishers' Reasons for Poaching Abalone (Haliotidae): A Study in the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico
Authors: Reyes Ricardo Bórquez , Pombo Oscar Alberto , Díaz Germán Ponce 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Although Mexico has a well-established legal framework regulating fisheries for the green abalone Haliotis fulgens and pink abalone H. corrugata, there is empirical evidence about a sizeable abalone black market and substantial sectors of fishing communities dedicated to poaching. An investigation was conducted about abalone poaching in a bay located off the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico. The main objective was to determine how poaching is perceived by abalone fishermen, particularly the attitudes of legal and illegal fishing groups and the factors that determine their perception of poaching. Abalone fishermen's perceptions and attitudes about poaching seem to be conditioned by a small number of factors that were identified through a discriminant analysis (e.g., deep-seated practices and knowledge about abalone fisheries; between-group violence; and the likelihood that a given poaching work day will fail due to capture by authorities, confrontation by legal fishermen, or insufficient abalone harvest). This investigation provides an indirect exploration of the abalone poaching phenomenon and the factors underlying this practice.
Growth and Fisheries of the Black Ark Anadara tuberculosa, a Bivalve Mollusk, in Bahía Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico
Authors: Félix-Pico Esteban F. , Ramírez-Rodríguez Mauricio , Holguín-Quiñones Oscar 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
To determine trends in landings and growth of the pustulose ark or black ark Anadara tuberculosa, a bivalve mollusk in the Bahía Magdalena–Bahía Almejas region along the southwestern coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico, catch statistics recorded by artisan or small-scale fishermen from 1992 to 2002 and size frequency distributions of samples from commercial catches (November 1998–December 2000) were analyzed. Catch data revealed considerable fluctuations and a trend toward decline. No defined seasonal exploitation pattern was observed; however, on average, the months with the highest catches coincided with the highest reproductive activity. There was evidence of a decrease in black ark density, which might be accounted for by the fishery. Parameters derived from the von Bertalanffy growth equation confirm that individuals reach the minimum catch size of 60 mm in a little more than 1 year. Catch sizes ranged between 40 and 80 mm.