bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bildung bromhaltiger Desinfektionsnebenprodukte nach Chlorung von Bodenseewasser in Abhängigkeit von Aufbereitungsschritten und der Bromidkonzentration
Authors: Petri M. , Wilker M. , Stabel H.‐H. , Gilbert E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser und aufbereitetem Trinkwasser aus dem Bodensee wurde die Bildung halogenorganischer Desinfektionsnebenprodukte (DNP) (Trihalogenmethane (THM), halogenierte Essigsäuren (HES), halogenierte Acetonitrile (HAN), halogenierte Ketone (HKE) und Trichlornitromethan (TCNM)) nach einer Chlordesinfektion (0.5 mg/L) unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Einflusses von Bromid auf die DNP‐Zusammensetzung untersucht und eine Brommassenbilanz aufgestellt.Die Aufbereitung von Bodenseewasser mit Ozon verringerte die Bildung der DNP um 35% und der adsorbierbaren organisch gebundenen Halogene (AOX) um 45%. Die Abnahme der DNP‐Summe beruht im wesentlichen auf der Verringerung der Chloroform‐, Dichloressigsäure‐ und Trichloressigsäurebildung. Obwohl das Wasser des Bodensees einen Bromidgehalt von nur 6.2 μg/L hat, lagen nach der Chlorung von aufbereitetem Wasser 32% der THM, 16% der HES und 30% der HAN in Form ihrer bromhaltigen Verbindungen vor.Bei einer Chlorung des Wassers wurde durch zudotiertes Bromid (bis zu 1 mg/L) die DNP‐Zusammensetzung zugunsten der bromierten Verbindungen verschoben, wobei die Verschiebung im wesentlichen vom Stoffmengenverhältnis des Bromids zum Hypochlorit abhing. Ein mathematisches Modell zur Beschreibung der Veränderungen in der DNP‐Zusammensetzung mit steigendem Br/HOCl‐Stoffmengenverhältnis zeigte eine gute Übereinstimmung mit den gemessenen Werten für mikrogesiebtes Rohwasser und für aufbereitetes Trinkwasser aus dem Bodensee.Nach der Chlorung von mikrogesiebtem Rohwasser reagierten 27% des Bromids zu den nachgewiesenen DNP, 39% wurden nicht umgesetzt und 34% des Bromids befanden sich in unbekannten Verbindungen. Wird aufbereitetes Wasser gechlort, so wurden nur noch 16% des Bromids in unbekannte Verbindungen eingebaut, während 34% in den bekannten DNP wiedergefunden und 50% nicht umgesetzt wurden. Auch bei Bromidzugaben (bis zu 25 μg/L) zu ozontem und aufbereitetem Wasser hat das nach der Chlorung umgesetzte Bromid zu 60 bis 72% zu den nachgewiesenen niedermolekularen halogenorganischen DNP reagiert.
Determination of Chloroethers in Aqueous Samples Using Solid‐phase Microextraction
Authors: Wennrich L. , Engewald W. , Popp P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA method for the determination of di‐ and tetrachlorinated ethers (haloethers) in aqueous samples using solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) combined with capillary GC has been developed. Using 100‐μm polydimethylsiloxane fibers, the influence of several parameters on the SPME procedure like the exposure time of the fiber in the aqueous sample, the desorption temperature, and the salt content of the sample have been studied.Salt addition has a strong effect on the extraction efficiency of the haloethers investigated. Working with saturated salt solutions, the factor increase of the peak areas was in the range from 5 to 12. These improvements are accompanied by decreased precision and increased equilibration times.The SPME method combined with several detectors (FID, ECD, MS in SIM mode) was evaluated with respect to detection limits, linearities, and precisions. Working with salt addition and FID, detection limits of all compounds investigated were in the range of 0.3 to 1.2 μg/L. Using ECD, the LOD values (limits of detection) were only improved for the tetrachlorinated bis(propyl) ethers (<10 ng/L). Employing mass‐spectrometric detection in SIM mode for all chlorinated ethers, detection limits lower than 100 ng/L could be reached. Working with saturated salt solutions, the coefficients of variation were <9% RSD. However, without salt addition, the precision is better than 2.5% RSD for all analytes.Investigations showed that the analysis of the haloethers with SPME is not influenced significantly by the matrix Elbe water. The results of two series of samples demonstrate that SPME‐GC‐MS allows the sensitive determination of the di‐ and tetrahalogenated ethers in Elbe river water.
Manuelle Vordimensionierung von Stahlbetonbrücken
Authors: Meek Jethro W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTrotz der aufwendigen Vorschriften der DIN ‐Fachberichte 101 und 102 ist es möglich, mit einfachen Handrechnungen eine gewöhnliche Stahlbetonbrücke in beinahe allen Einzelheiten vorzudimensionieren und dann anschließend die gewählte Konstruktion mit einem Minimum an EDV‐Statik zu bestätigen. Hierzu dienen einige einfache Faustregeln zur impliziten Erfüllung vieler rechenintensiver Vorschriftenkriterien und zur Berücksichtigung von Temperaturzwang in statisch unbestimmten Fällen.
Einheitliches Fachwerkmodell für Stahlbeton‐ und Spannbetonbauteile unter Querkraft‐ und Torsionsbeanspruchung
Authors: Görtz Stephan , Zedler Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie Anwendung der Bemessungsgleichungen nach DIN 1045‐1 für Querkraft und Torsion führt in einigen Punkten zu Diskussionsbedarf. Zum einen ergibt sich bei der Bemessung in vielen Fällen ein rechnerischer Druckstrebenwinkel von 18°, was ungewöhnlich flach scheint und in Versuchen nur bei sehr hohen zusätzlichen Druckkräften beobachtet wurde. Zum anderen fehlt ein gleitender Übergang zwischen schubbeanspruchten Bauteilen mit und ohne Querkraftbewehrung. Zur Überprüfung wurden beispielsweise in [1], [2] experimentelle und theoretische Untersuchungen an Bauteilen unter Querkraft‐ und Torsionsbeanspruchung durchgeführt. Aufbauend auf diesen Ergebnissen wurde hier ein einheitliches und einfach anwendbares Fachwerkmodell abgeleitet.
Beeinflussung der Grundwasserqualität durch Frischbeton und Zementinjektionen
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Vollpracht Anya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn diesem Beitrag wird der Stand des Wissens zur Auslaugung aus Frischbeton dargestellt. Es wird wiedergegeben, welche Prüfeinrichtungen verwendet werden, und welche Austräge mit diesen Versuchen für Frischbeton in unterschiedlichen Einbausituationen bestimmt worden sind. Abschließend werden zwei Beispiele für Modellsimulationen der Schadstoffausbreitung im Grundwasser vorgestellt.
Glowworms: a review of Arachnocampa spp. and kin
Authors: Meyer‐Rochow V. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe term ‘glowworm’ is used in connection with the flightless females of lampyrid fireflies and to describe the luminescent larvae of certain fungus gnats that belong to the subfamilies Arachnocampinae, Keroplatinae and Macrocerinae of the dipteran family Keroplatidae. This review focuses on the luminescent larval fungus gnats. The weakly luminescent species of the Holarctic feed mainly on fungal spores, but some, such as Orfelia fultoni, have turned to a carnivorous diet. Larval Australian and New Zealand Arachnocampa spp. produce brighter in vivo (but not necessarily in vitro) lights, live in cool, damp and dark places and are exclusively predatory. They lure their prey (usually small flying insects) with the help of their blue‐green light emissions towards snares consisting of vertical silk threads coated with sticky mucus droplets. Fungus gnats with similar ‘fishing lines’ are found in the Neotropics, but they are not luminescent. The larval stage is longest in the life cycle of Arachnocampa, lasting up to a year, depending on climatic conditions such as temperature and humidity as well as food supply. In A. luminosa, but not the Australian A. flava, female pupae and even female imagines are luminescent. However, it remains to be demonstrated whether it is the light of the female, a pheromone or both that attract the males. Light organs and the chemical reactions to produce light differ between the holarctic and the Australian/New Zealand species. Prey is attracted only by the glowworm's light; odours of the fishing lines or the glowworms themselves are not involved. Recognition of the prey by the glowworm involves mechano‐ and chemoreception. The eyes of both larval and adult glowworms are large and functional over a spectral range covering UV to green wavelengths. Adults are poor fliers, live only for a few days, have degenerate mouth parts and do not feed. Maintenance of glowworms in captivity is possible and the impact of tourism on glowworms in natural settings can be minimized through appropriate precautions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attribution of blame to rape victims among therapists and non‐therapists
Authors: Idisis Yael , Ben‐David Sarah , Ben‐Nachum Efrat 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the hypothesis of modular judgment in the context of attribution of blame to rape victims. Modular judgment was operationalized using blame schemata suited to judgment of everyday aggression. Subjects were 72 individuals, 36 therapists and 36 non‐therapists; half were men and half women. Each subject was presented with written descriptions of four rapes, which included information regarding victim's gender (male versus female) and victim's prior acquaintance with the rapist (stranger or known). Dependent variables were attribution of blame and judgments regarding severity of the rape and of the punishment deserved by the rapist. Among both therapists and non‐therapists there was a slight general tendency to blame the victim. As expected, women were blamed more than men. Also, men attributed less blame to male victims then did women, whereas women attributed less blame to female victims then did men. These results support the theories of modular judgment and of defensive attribution. As for judgment of severity of the rape, therapists judged the rapes as slightly more severe. Similar results were found regarding judgment of deserved punishment. We suggest further investigation of the connection between blame attribution and rape myths, which may facilitate blaming the victim. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bivalent Peptides as Models for Multimeric Targets of PDZ Domains
Authors: Paduch Marcin , Biernat Monika , Stefanowicz Piotr , Derewenda Zygmunt S. , Szewczuk Zbigniew , Otlewski Jacek 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPDZ domains are among the most common modules in eukaryotic, including human, genomes. They are found exclusively in large, multidomain cytosolic proteins—often with other domains that belong to a variety of families—and are involved in a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological events. PDZ domains mediate protein–protein interactions by binding to solvent‐exposed and extended C‐terminal short fragments of membrane‐associated proteins, such as receptors and ion channels. Most of what is known about the mechanisms of target binding by PDZ domains is inferred from studies that involve isolated recombinant PDZ domains and short synthetic peptides that represent the targets. These binary systems constitute an obvious oversimplification and disregard factors such as noncanonical modes of binding and enhanced affinity due to multimeric interactions mediated by clusters and oligomers of PDZ‐domain‐containing proteins. We have tested whether the interaction between a dimeric form of PDZ domain that mimics a functional dimeric guanine nucleotide exchange factor, PDZ‐RhoGEF (PDZ‐containing RhoA‐specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor) or LARG (leukemia‐associated RhoA specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor), and a bivalent peptide that mimics the dimer of the plexin B receptor, could enhance the interaction between the two moieties. Peptide dimerization was achieved by cross‐linking the N‐terminal ends of peptides attached to Wang resin with poly(ethylene glycol) spacers (30–45 Å in length). The interaction of dimeric PDZ domains with dimeric peptides resulted in an up to 20‐fold increase in affinity compared to the simple binary system. This is consistent with the notion that multimerization of both receptors and PDZ‐containing proteins might constitute an important regulatory mechanism.
Enhanced inflammatory response to coronary stenting marks the development of clinically relevant restenosis
Authors: Caixeta Adriano M. , Brito Fábio S. , Costa Marco A. , Serrano Carlos V. , Petriz João L. , Da Luz Protásio L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of coronary stenting on the release of cytokines and cell‐mediated immunity factors and to evaluate the association between inflammation and clinical outcomes at 6 months. Background: Circulating levels of inflammatory markers and cytokines are elevated in patients with acute coronary syndromes and are related to an unfavorable outcome. The aims of this study were to investigate the effect of coronary stenting on the release of cytokines and cell‐mediated immunity factors and to evaluate the association between inflammation and clinical outcomes at 6 months. Methods: Forty patients with single native coronary artery disease treated with stenting were enrolled. Peripheral venous blood samples were collected before and 6 h, 48 h, and 12 weeks after stenting. Serum concentrations of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein, interleukin‐6, interleukin‐8, tumor necrosis factor‐α (markers of inflammation) and serum‐soluble interleukin‐2 receptor for T‐lymphocyte activation (sIL2‐R, marker of cell‐mediated immunity) were measured. Patients also were evaluated clinically one, 3, and 6 months post‐stenting or when they presented with cardiovascular symptoms to identify major adverse cardiac events (cardiac death, MI, revascularization). Results: Concentrations of interleukins 6 and 8 and tumor necrosis factor‐α peaked at 6 h (11.0, 12.6, and 5.3 pg/ml, respectively). The peak level of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (2.77 mg/dL) occurred 48 h post stenting, while sIL2‐R peaked (495 U/ml) at 12 weeks. Patients who experienced restenosis had higher levels of C‐reactive protein at 48 h (4.94 vs. 1.84 mg/dl; P = 0.043) and of IL‐8 at 6 h (26.75 vs. 13.55 pg/mL; P = 0.048) than those without restenosis. Conclusions: Proinflammatory cytokines and inflammatory markers are released into the peripheral circulation early after coronary stenting, and increased levels of some are associated with clinically relevant restenosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dmitrij Ivanovič Mendeleev (1834–1907): Zum 100. Todestag
Authors: Boeck Gisela , Zott Regine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDer 100. Todestag von Mendeleev war Anlass, Leben und Werk des Gelehrten zu würdigen, dessen Name untrennbar mit dem Periodischen System der Elemente verbunden ist, der aber auch auf anderen – nicht nur chemischen – Gebieten Wegweisendes vollbracht hat.
Die Chemie des Katers: Alkohol und seine Folgen
Authors: Roth Klaus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDas Überfluten jeder einzelnen Zelle unseres Körpers mit einer großen Menge Ethanol führt zu Störungen im Stoffwechsel aller Organe. Dies erklärt die große Variationsbreite der Symptome nach zu großer Ethanolaufnahme. Gegen den Kater gibt es keine echte Heilung. “Chemie in unserer Zeit” empfiehlt: Viel reines Wasser gegen den Wasserverlust, eine Aspirin oder Ibuprofen gegen die pochenden Kopfschmerzen, Fruchtsaft gegen den Glucosemangel, Muttis kräftige Hühnerbrühe gegen den Elektrolytverlust, eine Vitamintablette wegen ihres sehr wirksamen Placebo‐Effekts, Zuspruch und Mitleidsbekundungen der Lieben und dann – wenn der Kreislauf und die Kontrolle der unteren Extremitäten den aufrechten Gang es zulassen, einen Spaziergang an der frischen Luft. Dabei sollte man intensiv über die Sinnlosigkeit übermäßigen Trinkens nachdenken. Das hilft, und am nächsten Tag ist alles vorbei – zumindest bis zum nächsten Mal. Na dann: Helau und Alaaf!
Berlin‐Mitte
Authors: Schwedt Georg 
Published: February 2007

Abstract1810 wurde in Berlin die Friedrich‐Wilhelm‐Universität eröffnet, die seit 1946 Humdboldt‐Universität heißt. Unsere Lokaltermine zur Chemiegeschichte finden in Berlin‐Mitte am historischen Hauptgebäude (Mitscherlich), im Kupfergraben (Magnus) gegenüber der Museumsinsel (westlich vom Pergamon‐Museum), auf dem Dorotheenstädtischen Friedhof (Hermbstaedt, Klaproth, Magnus, A.W. von Hofmann) an der Chausseestraße und am Gebäude der alten Chemie (Emil Fischer) in der Hessischen Straße statt.
The polypeptide composition of moving and stationary neurofilaments in cultured sympathetic neurons
Authors: Yan Yanping , Jensen Kitty , Brown Anthony 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies on the axonal transport of neurofilament proteins in cultured neurons have shown they move at fast rates, but their overall rate of movement is slow because they spend most of their time not moving. Using correlative light and electron microscopy, we have shown that these proteins move in the form of assembled neurofilament polymers. However, the polypeptide composition of these moving polymers is not known. To address this, we visualized neurofilaments in cultured neonatal mouse sympathetic neurons using GFP‐tagged neurofilament protein M and performed time‐lapse fluorescence microscopy of naturally occurring gaps in the axonal neurofilament array. When neurofilaments entered the gaps, we stopped them in their tracks using a rapid perfusion and permeabilization technique and then processed them for immunofluorescence microscopy. To compare moving neurofilaments to the total neurofilament population, most of which are stationary at any point in time, we also performed immunofluorescence microscopy on neurofilaments in detergent‐splayed axonal cytoskeletons. All neurofilaments, both moving and stationary, contained NFL, NFM, peripherin and α‐internexin along >85% of their length. NFH was absent due to low expression levels in these neonatal neurons. These data indicate that peripherin and α‐internexin are integral and abundant components of neurofilament polymers in these neurons and that both moving and stationary neurofilaments in these neurons are complex heteropolymers of at least four different neuronal intermediate filament proteins. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of a multicenter phase II trial for older patients with c‐Kit‐positive acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR‐MDS) using low‐dose Ara‐C and Imatinib
Authors: Heidel Florian , Cortes Jorge , Rücker Frank G. , Aulitzky Walter , Letvak Laurie , Kindler Thomas , Huber Christoph , Döhner Hartmut , Kantarjian Hagop , Fischer Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Imatinib (IM) is a potent tyrosine kinase inhibitor of c‐Kit. c‐Kit is expressed in the majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Whereas clinical trials evaluating monotherapy with IM in AML revealed low response rates, Ara‐C and IM showed synergistic effects in vitro. This suggested evaluation of a combination treatment.METHODS.Low‐dose Ara‐C (LDAC) combined with IM was tested to determine the efficacy and safety of this regimen. Forty patients from 4 centers with c‐Kit‐positive AML (n = 34) and high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR‐MDS) (n = 6) with a median age of 73 years were enrolled. They were either not eligible for myelosuppressive therapy and/or had recurring/refractory disease.RESULTS.Thirty‐eight patients were evaluable for analysis. In 6 of 38 patients a blast response was observed. Eight of 38 patients showed stable disease for more than 2 months. The objective hematologic response rate was low (11%), with 2 patients showing hematologic improvement and 1 each with a partial response (PR) or complete response (CR). Median overall survival was 138 days, with 20% of patients alive after an observation period of 600 days. Study medication was applied in an ambulatory setting with minimal hospitalization time, an early mortality rate of only 18.9%, and a low toxicity rate.CONCLUSIONS.LDAC plus IM does not appear to be inferior in older AML patients incomparison with historic controls receiving myelosuppressive therapy. However, this trial also shows that LDAC/IM does not appear to be more effective than LDAC monotherapy in a patient population not selected for appropriate molecular markers. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Novel marker D2‐40, combined with calretinin, CEA, and TTF‐1
Authors: Mimura Takeshi , Ito Akihiko , Sakuma Toshiko , Ohbayashi Chiho , Yoshimura Masahiro , Tsubota Noriaki , Okita Yutaka , Okada Morihito 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a challenging disease with regard to diagnosis and treatment; early and accurate diagnosis would lead to appropriate therapeutic strategies, including extrapleural pneumonectomy. Immunohistochemistry has proven valuable for the diagnosis of the most common epithelioid mesothelioma, although it is often difficult to differentiate it from pulmonary or metastatic adenocarcinoma with absolute certainty if a single antibody is employed. The current study was designed to identify an immunodiagnostic panel for pleural mesothelioma.METHODS.Large surgical specimens from 66 cases with pleural mesothelioma and 66 with lung adenocarcinoma were immunohistochemically reevaluated under uniform conditions. The antibodies examined were directed against the novel mesothelial marker D2‐40, as well as calretinin, CEA, and TTF‐1.RESULTS.For mesothelioma the sensitivities of D2‐40 and calretinin were 84.8% and 87.9%, respectively, and their specificities were both 95.5%. For adenocarcinoma, the sensitivities of CEA and TTF‐1 were 95.5% and 92.4%, respectively, and their specificities were both 100%. Immunoreactivity to D2‐40 and calretinin was observed in most areas of epithelioid differentiation in mesothelioma. Western blots also showed higher levels of D2‐40 antigen in pleura invaded by epithelioid mesothelioma as compared with unaffected pleura.CONCLUSIONS.These data strongly suggest the significant usefulness of D2‐40 and calretinin as positive markers, and of CEA and TTF‐1 as negative markers, for pleural mesothelioma. The 4‐antibody immunohistochemical panel showed high sensitivity and specificity with regard to differentiation of epithelioid mesothelioma from lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Maternal and perinatal characteristics in relation to neuroblastoma
Authors: Chow Eric J. , Friedman Debra L. , Mueller Beth A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.Neuroblastoma is the most common malignancy among infants, but risk factors remain poorly understood. Because most patients present in the first few years of life, it has been hypothesized that prenatal and perinatal exposures may contribute to the pathogenesis of neuroblastoma.METHODS.A population‐based case‐control study was conducted by using linked birth and cancer registry records from 1980 to 2004 in Washington State. Maternal and infant characteristics from birth and hospital discharge records for 240 cases of neuroblastoma and 2400 controls were compared.RESULTS.Neuroblastoma was associated with the presence of major congenital abnormalities (odds ratio [OR], 6.86; [95% CI], 2.92–16.08), particularly with cardiac abnormalities (OR, 5.84; 95% CI, 1.93–17.66), even after excluding abnormalities near the primary tumor. A borderline association was observed with maternal gestational diabetes (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 0.98–3.47). The magnitude of both associations was greater when the analysis was limited to children who were diagnosed at age <1 year.CONCLUSIONS.The findings from this population‐based study supported prior case‐control studies that identified an etiologic link between neuroblastoma and congenital abnormalities. However, to the authors' knowledge, the association between neuroblastoma and maternal diabetes has not been reported previously and requires further study. Cancer 2007 © 2007 American Cancer Society.