bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Filling in the Picture: Contexts and Contacts of Jane Cavendish
Authors: Bennett Alexandra G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces a Literature Compass cluster on Margaret Cavendish. The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Recent Developments in the Study of Seventeenth‐Century Literature and Three Papers from the 2007 Margaret Cavendish Conference’, James Fitzmaurice, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00523.x.‘Filling in the Picture: Contexts and Contacts of Jane Cavendish’, Alexandra G. Bennett, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00524.x. ‘Mrs. Dalloway and the Duchess: Virginia Woolf Reads and Writes Margaret Cavendish’, Lise Mae Schlosser, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00525.x. ‘From Drama to Science: Margaret Cavendish as Vanishing Mediator’, John Shanahan, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00526.x.
Mrs. Dalloway and the Duchess: Virginia Woolf Reads and Writes Margaret Cavendish
Authors: Schlosser Lise Mae 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces a Literature Compass cluster on Margaret Cavendish. The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Recent Developments in the Study of Seventeenth‐Century Literature and Three Papers from the 2007 Margaret Cavendish Conference’, James Fitzmaurice, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00523.x.‘Filling in the Picture: Contexts and Contacts of Jane Cavendish’, Alexandra G. Bennett, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00524.x.‘Mrs. Dalloway and the Duchess: Virginia Woolf Reads and Writes Margaret Cavendish’, Lise Mae Schlosser, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00525.x.‘From Drama to Science: Margaret Cavendish as Vanishing Mediator’, John Shanahan, Literature Compass 5 (2008), DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00526.x.
From Drama to Science: Margaret Cavendish as Vanishing Mediator
Authors: Shanahan John 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces aLiterature Compasscluster on Margaret Cavendish. The full cluster is made up of the following articles:‘Recent Developments in the Study of Seventeenth‐Century Literature and Three Papers from the 2007 Margaret Cavendish Conference’, James Fitzmaurice,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00523.x.‘Filling in the Picture: Contexts and Contacts of Jane Cavendish’, Alexandra G. Bennett,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00524.x.‘Mrs. Dalloway and the Duchess: Virginia Woolf Reads and Writes Margaret Cavendish’, Lise Mae Schlosser,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00525.x.‘From Drama to Science: Margaret Cavendish as Vanishing Mediator’, John Shanahan,Literature Compass5 (2008), DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4113.2008.00526.x.***This essay examines Margaret Cavendish's dramatic and scientific works together in order to find shared features among them. What is common in all of her work is a commitment to a form of knowledge I term ‘forensic’. I argue that Cavendish contributed to the conceptual formation of the new science of the seventeenth century in two ways: first, in the imagination of highly forensic spaces (that is, spaces for the examination of rival hypotheses), and second, by focusing on the inherent theatricality of empirical experimentation. But this two‐fold contribution was muted and increasingly rendered invisible as the new Royal Society pioneered ways to exploit such forensic spaces in ways Cavendish did not imagine, and developed rhetorical strategies to disavow or manage the theatricality of experimentation. Cavendish's work as a fellow‐traveler of the new science, once notable in its time, became – with the triumph of the Royal Society program – a vanishing mediator in the development of experimental science.
Following God without Belief: Moral Objections to Agnostic Religious Commitment
Authors: Corte Samantha 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSince pragmatic arguments for agnostic religious commitment do not require one to believe on insufficient evidence, they avoid one of the moral objections to pragmatic arguments for belief in God: the objection that one should not believe on insufficient evidence. However, I will argue that pragmatic arguments for agnostic religious commitment must deal with two related moral objections. First, if we have a duty to investigate the truth in matters of importance to our behavior, then making such a commitment turns out to conflict to some extent with that duty, though not, I think, to an unacceptable degree. Second, some people have a conception of God and the religious life such that making an agnostic religious commitment may interfere with the person's ability to reflect on moral matters and act on her conclusions, thus putting her at greater risk of doing the wrong thing.
Platelet count evaluation using three automated haematology analysers compared with the immunoplatelet reference method, and estimation of possible inadequate platelet transfusion
Authors: HONG K. H. , KIM M. J. , LEE K. W. , PARK K. U. , KIM H. S. , SONG J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryThe accuracy of three automated haematology analysers [Sysmex XE‐2100 (both optical and impedance mode), Bayer Advia 120, and Beckman Coulter LH‐750] was compared with the immunoplatelet reference method for platelet measurement. A total of 165 blood specimens were obtained from patients and platelet counts were determined using the four‐automated haematology analyser methods and the immunoplatelet reference method. The coefficients of determination (R2) between the automated haematology analyser methods and the immunoplatelet reference method for the overall platelet range were >0.98. A bias study, however, showed some disagreement. The use of a coincidence correction calculation for the immunoplatelet method did not improve the correlation between the immunoplatelet method and the automated haematology analyser methods. To estimate the possibility of inadequate platelet transfusion, the number of prophylactic platelet transfusion indications determined by the automated haematology analyser platelet counts were compared with the number of transfusion indications according to the platelet counts determined by the immunoplatelet method. An additional 48 blood specimens were included in this analysis. All of the automated haematology analysers showed some disagreement in the transfusion indications when compared with the immunoplatelet method, suggesting the possibility of inadequate platelet transfusion.
Translocations t(X;14)(q28;q11) and t(Y;14)(q12;q11) in T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia
Authors: De OLIVEIRA F. M. , TONE L. G. , SIMÕES B. P. , REGO E. M. , MARINATO A. F. , JÁCOMO R. H. , FALCÃO R. P. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryWe report a case of T‐cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T‐PLL) in a 41‐year‐old male. Classical cytogenetic, spectral karyotyping (SKY) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies of a blood sample obtained at diagnosis revealed the co‐existence of t(X;14)(q28;q11), t(Y;14)(q12;q11) and a ring chromosome derivated from i(8)(q10). Immunophenotypic studies revealed involvement of T‐cell lineage, with proliferation of CD4− CD8+. The co‐existence of two translocations involving both sex chromosomes in a case of T‐PLL is rare. Chromosomal instability associated with the disease progression may have allowed the emergence of cell clones with translocations involving the sex chromosomes and the ring chromosome observed.
Haemoglobin A2′ and its significance in β thalassaemia diagnosis
Authors: ABDEL‐GADIR D. , PHELAN L. , BAIN B. J. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryWe have studied, haemoglobin A2′ (A2 prime), a δ chain variant haemoglobin occurring in a small percentage of individuals of African ancestry. In heterozygotes, the percentage of haemoglobin A2′ was found to be slightly lower then the percentage of haemoglobin A2, suggesting that the variant δ chain is synthesized at a reduced rate. When quantifying haemoglobin A2 for the diagnosis of β thalassaemia heterozygosity, it is essential to add together the A2 and A2′ to give ‘total haemoglobin A2’. However, it not necessary to use a different reference range for total haemoglobin A2 in A2′ heterozygotes. When using microcolumn chromatography, A2′ was found to be measured with A2. On the high‐performance liquid chromatography instrument studied, haemoglobin A2′ fell in the haemoglobin S window but its retention time differed from that of haemoglobin S.
An Interactionist Perspective on Genetic and Environmental Contributions to Personality
Authors: South Susan C. , Krueger Robert F. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt is now well established that nature and nurture are both important contributors to variation in human personality. As a result, the field of personality behavior genetics is moving beyond simply estimating the magnitude of genetic and environmental influences on various personality constructs. Recent methodological advances provide for the study of how these different sources of influence interact in the development of personality. Specifically, newer biometrical moderation models allow for group‐specific estimates of heritability and environmental influences on personality (a form of gene–environment interaction). In the current paper, we review selected recent research using these models. Furthermore, we explore how moderation might also be important in understanding links between specific genes and personality. Accounting for the contingencies between genes and environment will be an important catalyst for the molecular genetic study of personality, as unmoderated ‘main effect’ types of gene → personality associations have been elusive.
The Psychology of Tailoring‐Ingredients in Computer‐Tailored Persuasion
Authors: Dijkstra Arie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPersuasive information can be tailored to individual characteristics using computer technology. Computer technology offers three ways to persuade people: adaptation, personalization, and feedback. Adaptation refers to the match between the type or the formulation of the persuasive arguments or recommendations and an individual's psychological state. Personalization refers to the incorporation of one or more recognizable individual characteristics (e.g., one's first name) in a persuasive text. Feedback refers to providing the individual with information about him or her that relates to important individual goals. These visible elements in a persuasive message are the tailoring‐ingredients of computer‐tailored persuasion. The present article focuses on explaining how these tailoring‐ingredients influence persuasion, using existing social psychological insights in human functioning and persuasion. The persuasive effects of the tailoring‐ingredients can be explained partly by different psychological processes.
Social Categorization and the Perception of Groups and Group Differences
Authors: Krueger Joachim I. , DiDonato Theresa E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe classification of human beings into distinct groups is a fundamental feature of social perception. Problematic phenomena, such as prejudice, discrimination, and intergroup conflict, are commonly traced back to categorization. We explore the minimal conditions under which categorization occurs and the basic mechanisms by which it affects cognition and behavior. We show that comparisons between groups are not necessary for categorization, reveal the conditions under which people overestimate or underestimate differences between groups, and sketch a model showing how social categorization gives rise to differences in the evaluation of ingroups and outgroups and to differences in the accuracy of judgments of ingroups and outgroups. We conclude with reflections on intergroup conflict and the role of moral judgment in such conflicts.
Personality in Non‐human Animals
Authors: Gosling Samuel D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOver the past decade, research on animal personality has flourished in numerous disciplines ranging from Behavioral Ecology and Developmental Psychobiology to Genetics and Comparative Psychology. The broad appeal of animal studies is that, in comparison with human studies, they afford greater experimental control, more options for measuring physiological and genetic parameters, greater opportunities for naturalistic observation, and an accelerated life course. Past research has established that personality (a) exists and can be measured in animals; (b) can be identified in a broad array of species, ranging from squid, crickets, and lizards, to trout, geese, and orangutans; and (c) shows considerable cross‐species generality for some dimensions. The wave of new studies is shedding fresh light on traditional issues in personality research (How do early experiences affect adult personality?), raising novel questions (What are the evolutionary origins of personality traits?) and addressing practical problems (Which dogs are best suited to detecting explosives?).
A video‐simulation study of the management of asthma exacerbations by physicians in India
Authors: Van Sickle David , Singh Raj B. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIntroduction:  Despite efforts to improve the management of asthma worldwide, few options exist for evaluating the specific needs or the success of these activities in a manner free from bias.Objectives:  To examine the management of asthma exacerbations by physicians using standardized audiovisual presentations of asthma.Methods:  Practitioners (n = 70) in Chennai, India were shown the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood video questionnaire and asked to describe the clinical investigations, emergency treatments and prescription therapy they would recommend for each of the five scenes.Results:  Practitioners varied significantly in their investigation and treatment of the exacerbations. Those who identified asthma as a possible cause of the scenes were more likely to recommend investigations and treatment congruent with international guidelines, as were those with additional postgraduate training and with specialty training in respiratory disease. Approaches differed significantly for scenes depicting wheeze compared with those depicting cough.Conclusion:  The management of asthma exacerbations varies significantly depending on whether practitioners identify asthma as a possible cause of the presentation. Standardized audiovisual depictions of asthma offer a useful tool to assess patterns of clinical practice, and to design and evaluate activities to raise the quality of care for asthma.Please cite this paper as: Van Sickle D and Singh RB. A video‐simulation study of the management of asthma exacerbations by physicians in India. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 98–105.
Asthma and health‐related quality of life – effect of adjusting for potential confounders
Authors: Voll‐Aanerud Marianne , Eagan Tomas M. L. , Wentzel‐Larsen Tore , Gulsvik Amund , Bakke Per S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground:  Health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) is an increasingly important outcome measure in medical research. We wanted to evaluate how adjustment for potential confounders affected the relationship between HRQoL and asthma. Furthermore, we wanted to evaluate the relationship of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) with HRQoL.Methods:  We carried out a cross‐sectional Norwegian community study in 1996/1997 including 2306 randomly selected subjects aged 26 years–81 years. Data on HRQoL were measured by SF‐12. The data were analyzed by robust linear regression analyses with the physical component score (PCS) and the mental component score (MCS) as dependent variables. The effect of adjusting for the potential confounders was analyzed by bootstrap confidence intervals for differences between the adjusted and unadjusted models.Results:  The difference in the asthma coefficients between the unadjusted and adjusted models for both PCS and MCS varied from 0.1 to 1.1. The confidence intervals for these differences for PCS were (−0.3, 1.6) and (0.4, 1.8), using the definition ‘asthma last 12 months’ and ‘physician's diagnosis of asthma’, respectively. The confidence intervals for the corresponding differences for MCS were (−0.01, 1.3) and (−0.6, 0.4), respectively. Univariately, PCS was lower among subjects reporting ETS at home compared to people not reporting ETS at home, but this difference did not persist in the multivariate analyses. ETS at home was associated with slightly improved MCS.Conclusion:  Adjusting for potential confounders does not change the relationship between asthma and HRQoL overtly.Please cite this paper as: Voll‐Aanerud M, Eagan TML, Wentzel‐Larsen T, Gulsvik A and Bakke PS. Asthma and health‐related quality of life – effect of adjusting for potential confounders. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 106–115.
Integral stable manifolds in Banach spaces
Authors: Barreira L. , Silva C. , Valls C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe establish the existence of smooth integral stable manifolds for sufficiently small perturbations of nonuniform exponential dichotomies in Banach spaces. We also consider the case of a nonautonomous dynamics given by a sequence of C1 maps. The optimal smoothness of the manifolds is obtained at the same time as their existence, using a convenient lemma of Henry. Furthermore, we obtain not only the exponential decay of the dynamics along the stable manifolds, but also of its derivative. In addition, we give a characterization of the stable manifolds in terms of the maximal exponential growth rate that is allowed, we discuss how the manifolds vary with the perturbations, and we discuss their equivariance with respect to a sequence of linear operators.
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer With an Array of Flush-Mounted, Square Heaters on a Vertical Surface
Authors: You S. M. , Simon T. W. , Bar-Cohen A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractResults from pool boiling heat transfer experiments with flush-mounted, square heat sources on a vertical surface cooled with electronic cooling fluid, FC-72, are presented. The fluid contains moderate levels of a dissolved, noncondensable gas. Each heat source, 25mm2 in area, has an aluminum oxide surface covering a sputtered thin film of platinum. It is intended that these heaters and their juxtaposition simulate the distribution of heating on semiconductor chip arrays. The results show that, in pool boiling, the incipience event is highly variable, while the remainder of the boiling curve is repeatable. The effect of heating an element on the initiation of boiling of nearby elements is documented. Boiling from a heater below the test heater is shown to eliminate the excursion in temperature at incipience. This is attributed to the transport of noncondensable gas component which is contained in the rising bubbles to the embryonic bubbles which reside within the test heater surface. Such transport allows a concomitant rise of the gas partial pressure within the embryonic bubbles.
Micro Heat Exchangers Consisting of Pin Arrays
Authors: Yin Xiaoqing , Bau H. H. 
Published: February 2008

Abstract
The performance of micro heat exchangers fabricated on silicon wafers and consisting ofpin arrays and straight channels is evaluated theoretically using three-dimensional numerical simulations. The coolant is liquid nitrogen and the objective is to maintain the wafer’s temperature below 90K so as to facilitate the use of high temperature superconductor interconnects in multichip modules. Both developing and periodic flows are considered. Comparisons of the performance of various geometric configurations are presented It is demonstrated that by proper selection of the heat of the heat exchanger’s geometry, the thermal resistance can be minimized.
Thermal Analysis and Optimization of Substrates With Directionally Enhanced Conductivities
Authors: Sikka K. K. , Fisher T. S. , Torrance K. E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAn approximate analytical solution for the thermal resistance of the axisymmetric chip-on-substrate problem is presented for a substrate with a direction dependent (orthotropic) thermal conductivity. The substrate may be convectively cooled on either, or both, of its planar surfaces. The solution reveals substrate geometries with low maximum substrate temperatures. These optimal substrate sizes are mapped for Biot numbers typical of microelectronic applications. The effects of varying the radial and axial substrate conductivities are investigated. In general, radial conductivity enhancement is beneficial for bottom-side and both-side convective cooling of thin substrates, and for top-side cooling of all substrates. For thin substrates, radial conductivity enhancement provides comparable thermal performance to an equivalent isotropic conductivity enhancement. For electronic packaging applications thin substrates are desirable and radial conductivity enhancement is more beneficial than axial conductivity enhancement.
Optimal Blood Mononuclear Cell Isolation Procedures for Gamma Interferon Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Testing of Healthy Swedish and Tanzanian Subjects
Authors: Nilsson C. , Aboud S. , Karlén K. , Hejdeman B. , Urassa W. , Biberfeld G. 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACT

Determination of antigen-specific T-cell responses is an important part of vaccine assessment. High levels of recovery, viability, and functionality of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are essential for reliable assessment of cell-mediated immune responses. Here, we sought to find the cell preparation technique best suited for two clinical vaccine trial sites: Stockholm, Sweden, and Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Standard Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation, BD Vacutainer cell preparation tube (CPT), and Greiner Bio-One LeucoSep tube techniques were tested. Cell yield and viability were recorded. Gamma interferon (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) testing was used to assess cell functionality. No differences in mean recovery or mean viability of fresh PBMCs were observed between Ficoll-Paque gradient centrifugation and CPT techniques as used in Stockholm. In Dar es Salaam, recovery of PBMCs isolated by use of the Ficoll-Paque gradient technique was higher than that seen with CPT (1.58 ± 0.6 versus 1.34 ± 0.4 million cells/ml of blood [
P
= 0.0469]), and the viability of PBMCs processed by Ficoll-Paque gradient was higher than that seen with CPT-purified cells (95.8% ± 2.3% versus 92.6% ± 4.8% [
P
= 0.0081]). Furthermore, LeucoSep cell separation gave higher levels of yield (1.10 ± 0.3 versus 0.92 ± 0.3 million cells/ml of blood [
P
= 0.0022]) and viability (95.7% ± 2.0% versus 93.4% ± 3.2% [
P
= 0.0012]) than Ficoll-Paque cell separation. The cells purified by the different techniques at the two sites performed equally well in IFN-γ ELISPOT assays. Both techniques generated cell preparations with excellent yield, viability, and functionality in Stockholm. In Dar es Salaam, CPT did not perform as well as Ficoll-Paque separation. In a subsequent comparison, LeucoSep performed better than Ficoll-Paque separation. Our findings emphasize the need for on-site assessment of PBMC purification techniques for optimal evaluation of cell-mediated immune responses.