bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PRG4 exchange between the articular cartilage surface and synovial fluid
Authors: Nugent‐Derfus G.E. , Chan A.H. , Schumacher B.L. , Sah R.L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe boundary lubrication function of articular cartilage is mediated in part by proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) molecules, found both in synovial fluid (SF) and bound to the articular cartilage surface. Currently the mechanism by which PRG4 binds to the articular surface is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the effect of bathing fluid contents on PRG4 concentration at the articular surface ([PRG4]cart), and (2) whether native PRG4 can be removed from the surface and subsequently repleted with PRG4 from synovial fluid. In one experiment, cylindrical cartilage disks were stored in solutions of various PRG4 concentrations, either in phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or SF as the carrier fluid. In a separate experiment, cartilage disks were stored in solutions expected to remove native PRG4 from the articular surface and allow subsequent repletion with PRG4 from SF. [PRG4]cart was independent of PRG4 concentration of the bathing fluid, and was similar for both carrier fluids. PRG4 was removed from cartilage by treatment with hyaluronidase, reduction/alkylation, and sodium dodecyl sulphate, and was repleted fully by subsequent bathing in SF. These results suggest that the articular surface is normally saturated with tightly bound PRG4, but this PRG4 can exchange with the PRG4 in SF under certain conditions. This finding suggests that all tissues surrounding the joint cavity that secrete PRG4 into the SF may help to maintain lubrication function at the articular surface. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1269–1276, 2007
Evidence for regionally wet conditions before the LGM in southeast Australia: OSL ages from a large palaeochannel in the Lachlan Valley
Authors: Kemp Justine , Spooner Nigel A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOptically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques have been used to obtain the first ages on Late Pleistocene channels in the Lachlan Valley, southeastern Australia. Two OSL ages from channel sand and overlying source‐bordering dune sand indicate that large sinuous channels, with bankfull discharges six to eight times greater than the present river, were fully established by 34 ka BP. This conclusion is consistent with regional lake level and geomorphic evidence of cool, pluvial conditions that preceded the last glacial maximum (LGM), providing new information on a long‐standing palaeohydrological problem caused by the apparent synchroneity of large river systems and regional aridity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A high‐resolution record of vegetation and climate through the last glacial cycle from Caledonia Fen, southeastern highlands of Australia
Authors: Kershaw A. P. , McKenzie G. M. , Porch N. , Roberts R. G. , Brown J. , Heijnis H. , Orr M. L. , Jacobsen G. , Newall P. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA blocked tributary has provided a rare site of long‐term sediment accumulation in montane southeastern Australia. This site has yielded a continuous, detailed pollen record through the last ca. 140 000 years and revealed marked vegetation and environmental changes at orbital to sub‐millennial scales. Radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL, or optical) ages provide some chronological control for the last ca. 70 000 years. Most of the sediment is inorganic but with well preserved pollen that accumulated under unproductive and probably largely ice‐covered lake conditions. The lake was surrounded by low‐growing plants with an alpine character. Exceptions include three discrete periods of high organic sedimentation in the basin and forest development in the surrounding catchment. The two major periods of forest expansion are related to the last interglacial and the Holocene, with the third, shorter period considered to represent an interstadial in the early part of Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. The latter part of the last glacial period is characterised by abrupt sub‐millennial, amelioration events that may relate to documented global oscillations emanating from the North Atlantic. There are systematic changes through the record that can be partly attributed to basin infilling but the progressive reduction and regional extinction of some plant taxa is attributed to a long‐term trend towards climatic drying. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Excimer Lasers – Reliability and Higher Power Are Key Product Trends
Authors: Junger Johannes , Schmidt Kai 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOver the last decade, excimer lasers have transitioned from scientific instruments into industrial‐grade workhorses capable of supporting 24/7 manufacturing. This is because excimer laser manufacturers have made significant improvements in product lifetime, performance, reliability and stability. This article reviews the recent technological advances that have enabled these improvements, and looks forward at ongoing product development trends.
CO2 Lasers: Modern Workhorses in the World of Industrial Manufacturing
Authors: Rath Wolfram 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFor more than 30 years lasers have been successfully used for industrial production. Modern efficient manufacturing would be not imaginable without lasers and laser processes. Since the beginning of laser applications, CO2 lasers dominated the market of continuous cutting and welding applications (referred here as “macro” applications) because of their high power and electrical efficiency, reliability and cost efficiency.
Disk Lasers Enable Industrial Manufacturing – What Was Achieved and What Are the Limits?
Authors: Brockmann Rüdiger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the past few years, CO2 lasers as well as lamp‐pumped solid‐state lasers have become established solutions for industrial cutting and welding applications. Due to its high beam quality and output powers up to 20 kW the RF excited fast axial flow CO2 laser has enabled the largest single laser application in the world: Cutting of steel up to one inch thickness. So far, these lasers are also the preferred industrial choice for deep penetration welding of thick plate and narrow seam geometries.
Fiber Laser – New Challenges for the Materials Processing
Authors: Thieme J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractContinuous wave (CW) and pulsed Ytterbium fiber lasers in the power range from several Watts up to the high Multikilowatt range are commercially available standard products. The systems have been tested in numerous applications and are in stable operation for several years already. The demand for fiberlasers is rising fast and the future is promising.
Effect of cathodic polarization and sulfate reducing bacteria on mechanical properties of different steels in synthetic sea water
Authors: Domżalicki P. , Lunarska E. , Birn J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAt the slow strain rate tensile tests done using the specially designed facility, the decrease in the elongation to fracture, reduction of area, fracture energy and no effect on the strength have been stated for the low alloy ferrite‐pearlite and sorbite steels, polarized in synthetic sea water at potentials corresponding to the cathodic protection (− 800 to − 1400 mVSCE). Presence of SRB promotes the plasticity loss, being especially pronounced at potentials − 1100 to − 1200 mVSCE. At higher cathodic polarization, the plasticity estimated in inoculated and in sterile water equalizes. The effects have been correlated with the contents of absorbed and of permeable hydrogen. The promotion of hydrogen charging and the plasticity loss by SRB at the low and medium applied cathodic polarization has been accounted for the observed production of S−2 ions and inhibition of deposit formation. The negligible effect of SRB at the high cathodic polarization has been suggested to be a result of the suppression the SRB growth due to the high alkalization of the near surface solution. The same amount of hydrogen produces the less detrimental effect on the sorbite than on the ferrite‐pearlite steel. However, at the similar cathodic polarization, the sorbite steel absorbs the highest amount of hydrogen and reveals the most pronounced degradation. Cathodic protection of constructions subjected to the action of SRB in the sea water should provide the conditions, under which no fragment of marine construction could be polarized by potential corresponding to the maximum degradation of the plastic properties of steels (− 1100 to − 1200 mVSCE).
Kinetics of high temperature corrosion of a low Cr‐Mo steel in aqueous NaCl Solution
Authors: Bayoumi F.M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of corrosion of a low Cr‐Mo steel alloy were studied over the temperature range of 75–250°C in 1 m NaCl in absence and in presence of various levels of contamination with CuCl2. Corrosion rates, weights of corrosion product (magnetite) film and total (integral) weight loss of the alloy over exposure times from 1 up to 480 h were measured. The corrosion rate decreases rapidly with time, before it levels off at longer time, indicating the formation of a protective corrosion product film. The ability of the alloy to retain an adherent corrosion product (magnetite) film was expressed in terms of a retention coefficient. This was found to increase with temperature and exposure time and to decrease with the level of contamination with CuCl2. This effect of temperature was attributed to the improvement of the crystallinity of the corrosion product. On the other hand, the effect of CuCl2 was attributed to the electrodeposition of Cu and its impregnation within the corrosion product, which becomes less adherent. The free corrosion potential was found to be affected by the presence of the CuCl2, in a fashion compatible with the Wagner‐Traud theory of mixed potential.
Corrosion behavior of laser melted AZ91HP magnesium alloy
Authors: Gao Y. , Wang C. , Yao M. , Liu H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAZ91HP magnesium alloy was melted by CO2 laser. Compared with as‐received Mg alloy, the grain of the melted layer was refined significantly and the content of Al was increased. The corrosion resistance of the melted layer was improved because of the grain refinement, the redistribution of β‐Mg17Al12 and the increasing of the Al content. As compared to the non‐overlapping zone, the overlapping zone of the melted layer was liable to be corroded.
The cyclooxygenase‐2‐mediated prostaglandin signaling is causally related to epithelial carcinogenesis
Authors: Müller‐Decker Karin , Fürstenberger Gerhard 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpidemiologic, pharmacologic, clinical, and experimental studies document the importance of prostaglandin (PG) signaling in cancer development, including non‐melanoma skin cancer lesions in humans and mice. First of all, enzymes involved in PG biosynthesis, such as cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 and/or membrane prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)‐1, were found to be overexpressed in a wide range of premalignant and malignant epithelial tumors, including those of the skin, breast, esophagus, stomach, colorectum, pancreas, and bladder. On the other hand, 15‐hydroxy‐prostaglandin dehydrogenase (15‐PGDH), which is involved in the degradation pathway of PG including PGE2, thus counteracting the activities of COX‐2 and PGES, was found to be downregulated in human epithelial tumors, indicating a tumor suppressor activity of this enzyme. Most remarkably, genetic studies showed that mice, which are deficient in COX‐2 and/or PGES are resistant to the development of cancer of skin, colon, and stomach. In contrast, the forced overexpression of COX‐2 in proliferative compartments of simple or stratified epithelia such as skin epidermis, urinary bladder, mammary gland, and pancreas results in spontaneous hyperplasia and dysplasia in transgenic mice. In skin, the pathological changes are found to be due to an abnormal process of terminal differentiation, while in other tissues, hyperproliferation seems to be the main contributer to the pre‐invasive neoplasms. Moreover, the COX‐2 transgenic mouse lines are sensitized for cancer development. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cardiomyopathy in Friedreich's ataxia‐assessment by cardiac MRI
Authors: Meyer Chris , Schmid Gebhard , Görlitz Sabine , Ernst Monika , Wilkens Christian , Wilhelms Inga , Kraus Peter H. , Bauer Peter , Tomiuk Jürgen , Przuntek Horst , Mügge Andreas , Schöls Ludger 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCardiomyopathy is an important and frequently life limiting manifestation of Friedreich's ataxia (FA), the most prevalent form of autosomal recessive ataxia. Left ventricular mass is used as primary outcome measure in recent intervention studies but systematic analyses of FA cardiomyopathy are sparse. To assess cardiac hypertrophy by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in vivo, we assessed 41 adult patients with genetically confirmed FA and 33 age‐ and sex‐matched healthy controls by cardiac MRI and echocardiogarphy. Septal hypertrophy and left ventricular mass index were determined by two independent raters. MRI revealed hypertrophy of the interventricular septum in 40% and increased left ventricular mass index in 29% of patients. Interobserver variability was less than 5% for both measures. GAA repeat length had only minor influence on interventricular septum thickness. Left ventricular mass index decreased with age. Severity of ataxia did not correlate with cardiac disease. In echocardiography wall diameter was assessable only in 31 of 41 FA patients with 32% of patients presenting septal hypertrophy and 6% increased left ventricular mass index. We conclude that cardiac hypertrophy is present only in a minority of adult FA patients. If despite this limitation intervention studies use left ventricular mass as outcome measure, MRI is recommended as the most accurate assessment of cardiac anatomy in vivo. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Impaired cytotrophoblast cell–cell fusion is associated with reduced Syncytin and increased apoptosis in patients with placental dysfunction
Authors: Langbein Manuela , Strick Reiner , Strissel Pamela L. , Vogt Nicole , Parsch Hans , Beckmann Matthias W. , Schild Ralf L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPreeclampsia (PE), Hemolysis Elevated Liver Enzymes and Low Platelets (HELLP)‐syndrome, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) are associated with abnormal placentation. In early pregnancy, placental cytotrophoblasts fuse and form multinuclear syncytiotrophoblasts. The envelope gene of the human endogenous retrovirus‐W, Syncytin, is a key factor for mediating cell–cell fusion of cytotrophoblasts. This study investigated clinical parameters of PE and HELLP‐associated IUGR and analyzed the cell–cell fusion index and β‐human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) secretion of cytotrophoblasts isolated and cultured from placentas of these patients. In addition, we performed absolute quantitation of Syncytin and determined the apoptosis rate in both cultured cytotrophoblasts and placental tissues. Cultured cytotrophoblasts from PE and HELLP‐associated IUGR correlated with a pronounced lower cell–cell fusion index, 1.8‐ and 3.6‐fold; less nuclei per syncytiotrophoblast, 1.4‐ and 2.0‐fold; a significantly decreased β‐hCG secretion, 4.3‐ and 17.2‐fold and a reduction of Syncytin gene expression, 8.1 (P = 0.019) and 222.7‐fold (P = 0.011) compared with controls, respectively. In contrast, a significantly 2.3‐fold higher apoptosis rate was observed in cultured PE/IUGR cytotrophoblasts (P = 0.043). Importantly, Syncytin gene expression in primary placental tissues of PE/IUGR was 5.4‐fold lower (P = 0.047) and in HELLP/IUGR 10.6‐fold lower (P = 0.019) along with a 1.8‐ and 1.9‐fold significant increase in the apoptosis rate compared with controls, respectively. Low Syncytin expression in both cultured cytotrophoblasts and primary tissues from pathological placentas supports an intrinsic placenta‐specific deregulation of cell–cell fusion in the formation of syncytiotrophoblasts leading to increased apoptosis. These processes could contribute to the development and severity of PE and HELLP‐associated IUGR. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 175–183, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the successive supersymmetric rank‐1 decomposition of higher‐order supersymmetric tensors
Authors: Wang Yiju , Qi Liqun 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a successive supersymmetric rank‐1 decomposition of a real higher‐order supersymmetric tensor is considered. To obtain such a decomposition, we design a greedy method based on iteratively computing the best supersymmetric rank‐1 approximation of the residual tensors. We further show that a supersymmetric canonical decomposition could be obtained when the method is applied to an orthogonally diagonalizable supersymmetric tensor, and in particular, when the order is 2, this method generates the eigenvalue decomposition for symmetric matrices. Details of the algorithm designed and the numerical results are reported in this paper. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local boundary value problems for the error in FE approximation of non‐linear diffusion systems
Authors: Carnes B. , Carey G. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn this work we investigate the a posteriori error estimation for a class of non‐linear, multicomponent diffusion operators, which includes the Stefan–Maxwell equations. The local error indicators for the global error are based on local boundary value problems, which are chosen to approximate either the global residual of the finite element approximation or the global linearized error equation. Using representative numerical examples, it is shown that the error indicators based on the latter approach are more accurate for estimating the global error for this problem class as the problem becomes more non‐linear, and can even produce better adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). In addition, we propose a new local error indicator for the error in output functionals that is accurate, inexpensive to compute, and is suitable for AMR, as demonstrated by numerical examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of hemispherical hollow silica microcapsules with different affinity surface by using spherical vaterite calcium carbonate as template
Authors: Fuchigami Kiyomi , Taguchi Yoshinari , Tanaka Masato 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe developed a method to prepare hemispherical hollow silica microcapsules (HHSM) with different affinity surfaces using spherical vaterite calcium carbonate (SVCC) as a template. The preparation process composed of the adhesion of calcium carbonate onto the surface of methyl methacrylate (MMA) droplets followed by suspension polymerization, the partial etching of calcium carbonate on the polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) mother particle, the formation of silicon dioxide powder by sol–gel reaction and their deposition onto the etched flat surface of calcium carbonate, the surface modification of deposited silicon dioxide with silane coupling agent, the removal of the mother particle with acetone, the formation of silicon dioxide powder by sol–gel reaction and deposition onto the exposed hemispherical surface of calcium carbonate, and the surface modification of deposited silicon dioxide with silane coupling agent. The synthesized microcapsules had a complete hemispherical structure and both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation, characterization, and sterilization of hydrogel sponges for iontophoretic drug‐delivery use
Authors: Eljarrat‐Binstock Esther , Bentolila Alfonso , Kumar Neeraj , Harel Hannah , Domb Abraham J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHydrogel sponges of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) crosslinked with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were prepared and characterized for iontophoretic drug delivery. Various parameters were examined, including: morphological structure, thermal behavior, mechanical strength, absorption capacity, swelling profile, and hydrogel stability. Three sterilization methods, gamma irradiation, ethylene oxide, and autoclave sterilizations were assessed for revealing the optimal sterilization process avoiding alteration in hydrogel properties. Hydrogels prepared with 75% water and polymerized for 24 hr seem to preserve their physical properties, swelling capacity, and absorption kinetics at least over 5 years from preparation. Gamma irradiation was found to be the most suitable as sterilization method for the dried hydrogels causing minimal alteration of hydrogel properties. This work confirmed the feasibility of preparing stable hydrogel sponges of different shapes with desired mechanical strength and swelling capacities at a rapid rate profile suitable for iontophoretic application and drug delivery. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of architecture and molecular weight in the formation of tailor‐made ultrathin multilayers using dendritic macromolecules and click chemistry
Authors: Vestberg Robert , Malkoch Michael , Kade Matthew , Wu Peng , Fokin Valery V. , Barry Sharpless K. , Drockenmuller Eric , Hawker Craig J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe high efficiency and mild reaction conditions associated with the Cu(I) catalyzed cycloaddition of azides and alkynes were exploited for the covalent layer‐by‐layer synthesis of dendritic thin films on silicon wafers. The preparation of azide and alkyne‐terminated dendrimers based on bisMPA was accomplished by a divergent strategy; combinations of these monodisperse building blocks from the 2nd to the 5th generation were used for construction of the thin films. The layer‐by‐layer self assembly process proceeds under ambient conditions and was monitored by ellipsometry, XPS, and ATR‐IR, which showed extremely regular growth of the dendritic thin films. Film thickness could be accurately controlled by both the size/generation number of the dendrimers as well as the number of layers. In comparison with linear analogues, the growth of the dendritic films was significantly more controlled and defect‐free with each layer being thinner than the corresponding films prepared from the isomeric linear polymers, demonstrating the well‐defined, three‐dimensional nature of the dendritic architecture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2835–2846, 2007
Redox properties and evolution of human glutaredoxins
Authors: Sagemark Johan , Elgán Tobias H. , Bürglin Thomas R. , Johansson Catrine , Holmgren Arne , Berndt Kurt D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGlutaredoxins (Grxs) are glutathione‐dependent oxidoreductases that belong to the thioredoxin superfamily catalyzing thiol‐disulfide exchange reactions via active site cysteine residues. Focusing on the human dithiol glutaredoxins having a C‐X‐Y‐C active site sequence motif, the redox potentials of hGrx1 and hGrx2 were determined to be −232 and −221 mV, respectively, using a combination of redox buffers, protein–protein equilibrium and thermodynamic linkage. In addition, a nonactive site disulfide was identified between Cys28 and Cys113 in hGrx2 using redox buffers and chemical digestion. This disulfide confers nearly five kcal mol−1additional stability by linking the C‐terminal helix to the bulk of the protein. The redox potential of this nonactive site disulfide was determined to be −317 mV and is thus expected to be present in all but the most reducing conditionsin vivo. As all human glutaredoxins contain additional nonactive site cysteine residues, a full phylogenetic analysis was performed to help elucidate their structural and functional roles. Three distinct groups were found: Grx1, Grx2, and Grx5, the latter representing a highly conserved group of monothiol glutaredoxins having a C‐G‐F‐S active site sequence, with clear homologs from bacteria to human. Grx1 and Grx2 diverged from a common ancestor before the origin of vertebrates, possibly even earlier in animal evolution. The highly stabilizing nonactive site disulfide observed in hGrx2 is found to be a conserved feature within the deuterostomes and appears to be the only additional conserved intramolecular disulfide within the glutaredoxins. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.