bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitosan oligosaccharide improves intestinal homeostasis to achieve the protection for the epithelial barrier of femaleDrosophila melanogastervia regulating intestinal microflora
Authors: Wang Lu , Zhang Cheng , Fan Shuhang , Wang Jianfeng , Zhou Weihao , Zhou Zhaohui , Liu Yuhang , Wang Qianna , Liu Wei , Dai Xianjun 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTChitosan oligosaccharide (COS) is a new type of marine functional oligosaccharide with biological activities such as regulating intestinal microflora and improving intestinal immunity. In this study, femaleDrosophila melanogasterwas used as a model organism to evaluate the effect of COS on intestinal injury by H2O2induction, and its mechanism was explored through the analysis of intestinal homeostasis. The results showed that 0.25% of COS could effectively prolong the lifespan of stressed femaleD. melanogasterby increasing its antioxidant capacity and maintaining intestinal homeostasis, which included protecting the mechanical barrier, promoting the chemical barrier, and regulating the biological barrier by affecting its autophagy and the antioxidant signaling pathway. Additionally, the protective effect of COS on the intestinal barrier and homeostasis ofD. melanogasterunder oxidative stress status is directly related to its regulation of the intestinal microflora, which could decrease excessive autophagy and activate the antioxidant system to promote health.IMPORTANCEThe epithelial barrier plays an important role in the organism’s health. Chitosan oligosaccharide (COS), a new potential prebiotic, exhibits excellent antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory effects. Our study elucidated the protective mechanisms of COS on the intestinal barrier ofDrosophila melanogasterunder oxidative stress, which could provide new insights into COS application in various industries, such as food, agriculture, and medicine.
The hydrocarbon generation process of the deeply buried Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in the Tabei uplift, Tarim Basin, northwestern China: Constraints from calcite veins hosting oil inclusions in the source rock
Authors: Liu Zhuo , Tian Jinqiang , Hao Fang , Yang Xianzhang , Chen Yongquan , Zhang Ke , Wang Xiaoxue , Quan Li , Cong Fuyun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the northern Tarim Basin (northwestern China), Cambrian source rocks are widely distributed, especially within the Lower Cambrian Yuertusi Formation (Є1y). Understanding the hydrocarbon generation process of the Yuertusi Formation source rocks is essential for reconstructing the evolutionary history of the ultra-deep petroleum system in the Tarim Basin. We employed a novel method of reconstructing hydrocarbon generation history by determining the episodes and absolute ages of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion in source rock via the integration of the fluorescence of oil inclusions, inclusion homogenization temperatures, and in situ U-Pb dating of calcite veins containing hydrocarbon inclusions. In the QT1 well area of the Tabei uplift belt, our reconstructed hydrocarbon generation history indicates that during the Late Hercynian (ca. 288–270 Ma), the source rocks generated oil inclusions with yellow-green fluorescence color (λmax [wavelength at maximal light absorbance] ranging from 490 nm to 545 nm, a maturity of ~0.8%). In the Himalayan period (ca. 10 Ma), oil inclusions were generated with blue-white fluorescence color (λmax ranging from 430 nm to 490 nm, a maturity level of ~1.2%). In the central part of the Tabei uplift belt, in the Late Hercynian (ca. 270–260 Ma), oil inclusions with blue-white fluorescence color (λmax ranging from 430 nm to 490 nm, a maturity of ~1.2%) were generated (reaching their hydrocarbon generation peak). Combining basin modeling and constraints from fluid inclusions indicates that the source rocks mainly generated oils at the Late Hercynian period in the Tabei area.
Large-scale submarine landslides in the Barberton Greenstone Belt, southern Africa—Evidence for subduction and great earthquakes in the Paleoarchean
Authors: Lamb Simon , de Ronde Cornel E.J. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
New mapping of the Barberton Greenstone Belt in South Africa shows that the central part is a pseudo-stratigraphy made of shallow-water and deep-water siliciclastic and volcanic slide blocks, with individual blocks ranging in size from tens of meters to &gt;10 km in length. The outcrop pattern and scale are remarkably similar to those of large-scale Miocene to recent submarine landslides in New Zealand along the active Hikurangi subduction zone that are periodically triggered by earthquakes on the subduction megathrust, providing evidence for megathrust earthquakes in the Paleoarchean.
Socioeconomic deprivation and racialised disparities in competitive athletes with sudden cardiac arrest from the USA
Authors: Arthur Megan Nicole , DeLong Randi N , Kucera Kristen , Goettsch Barbara P , Schattenkerk Jared , Bekker Sheree , Drezner Jonathan A 
Published: February 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the association of socioeconomic deprivation and racialised outcomes in competitive athletes with sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in the USA.MethodsSCA cases from the National Center for Catastrophic Sports Injury Research (July 2014 to June 2021) were included. We matched Area Deprivation Index (ADI) scores (17 metrics to grade socioeconomic conditions) to the 9-digit zip codes for each athlete’s home address. ADI is scored 1–100 with higher scores indicating greater neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation. Analysis of variance was used to assess differences in mean ADI by racial groups. Tukey post hoc testing was used for pairwise comparisons.Results391 cases of SCA in competitive athletes (85.4% male; 16.9% collegiate, 68% high school, 10.7% middle school, 4.3% youth) were identified via active surveillance. 79 cases were excluded due to missing data (19 race, 60 ADI). Of 312 cases with complete data, 171 (54.8%) were white, 110 (35.3%) black and 31 (9.9%) other race. The mean ADI was 40.20 (95% CI 36.64, 43.86) in white athletes, 57.88 (95% CI 52.65, 63.11) in black athletes and 40.77 (95% CI 30.69, 50.86) in other race athletes. Mean ADI was higher in black versus white athletes (mean difference 17.68, 95% CI 10.25, 25.12; p=0.0036) and black versus other race athletes (mean difference 17.11, 95% CI 4.74, 29.47; p<0.0001).ConclusionsBlack athletes with SCA come from areas with higher neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation than white or other race athletes with SCA. Our findings suggest that socioeconomic deprivation may be associated with racialised disparities in athletes with SCA.
‘You can change your life through sports’—physical activity interventions to improve the health and well-being of adults experiencing homelessness: a mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Dawes Jo , Rogans-Watson Raphael , Broderick Julie 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesSystematically synthesise evidence of physical activity interventions for people experiencing homelessness (PEH).DesignMixed-methods systematic review.Data sourcesEMBASE, Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed (MEDLINE), PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus and Cochrane Library, searched from inception to October 2022.Eligibility criteriaPICO framework: population (quantitative/qualitative studies of PEH from high-income countries); intervention (physical activity); comparison (with/without comparator) and outcome (any health/well-being-related outcome). The risk of bias was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools.Results3615 records were screened, generating 18 reports (17 studies, 11 qualitative and 6 quantitative (1 randomised controlled trial, 4 quasi-experimental, 1 analytical cross-sectional)) from the UK, USA, Denmark and Australia, including 554 participants (516 PEH, 38 staff). Interventions included soccer (n=7), group exercise (indoor (n=3), outdoor (n=5)) and individual activities (n=2). The risk of bias assessment found study quality to vary; with 6 being high, 6 moderate, 4 low and 1 very low. A mixed-methods synthesis identified physical and mental health benefits. Qualitative evidence highlighted benefits carried into wider life, the challenges of participating and the positive impact of physical activity on addiction. Qualitative and quantitative evidence was aligned demonstrating the mental health benefits of outdoor exercise and increased physical activity from indoor group exercise. Quantitative evidence also suggests improved musculoskeletal health, cardiovascular fitness, postural balance and blood lipid markers (p<0.05).ConclusionQualitative evidence suggests that physical activity interventions for PEH can benefit health and well-being with positive translation to wider life. There was limited positive quantitative evidence, although most was inconclusive. Although the evidence suggests a potential recommendation for physical activity interventions for PEH, results may not be transferable outside high-income countries. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness and optimal programme design.
Clinical utility of elective paediatric flexible bronchoscopy and impact on the quality of life: protocol for a single-centre, single-blind, randomised controlled trial
Authors: Thomas Rahul , Marchant Julie M , Goyal Vikas , Masters Ian Brent , Yerkovich Stephanie T , Chang Anne B 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionElective flexible bronchoscopy (FB) is now widely available and standard practice for a variety of indications in children with respiratory conditions. However, there are no randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that have examined its benefits (or otherwise).Our primary aim is to determine the impact of FB on the parent-proxy quality-of-life (QoL) scores. Our secondary aims are to determine if undertaking FB leads to (a) change in management and (b) improvement of other relevant patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). We also quantified the benefits of elective FB (using 10-point Likert scale). We hypothesised that undertaking elective FB will contribute to accurate diagnosis and therefore appropriate treatment, which will in turn improve QoL and will be deemed to be beneficial from patient and doctor perspectives.Methods and analysisOur parallel single-centre, single-blind RCT (commenced in May 2020) has a planned sample size of 114 children (aged <18 years) recruited from respiratory clinics at Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia. Children are randomised (1:1 concealed allocation) within two strata: age (≤2 vs >2 years) and indication for FB (chronic cough vs other indications) to either (a) early arm (intervention where FB undertaken within 2 weeks) or (b) delayed (control, FB undertaken at usual wait time). Our primary outcome is the difference between groups in their change in QoL at the T2 timepoint when the intervention group has had the FB and the control group has not. Our secondary outcomes are change in management, change in PROMs, adverse events and the Likert scales.Ethics and disseminationThe human research ethics committee of the Queensland Children’s Hospital granted ethical clearance (HREC/20/QCHQ/62394). Our RCT is conducted in accordance with Good Clinical Practice and the Australian legislation. Results will be disseminated through conference presentations, teaching avenues, workshops, websites and publications.RegistrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry ACTRN12620000610932.
Risk of exacerbation and mortality in asthma: a 10-year retrospective financial database analysis of the Hungarian Health Insurance Fund
Authors: Tomisa Gábor , Sánta Balázs , Horváth Alpár , Németh László , Tamás Balázs , Gálffy Gabriella , Tamási Lilla , Eszes Noémi 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionAsthma is the most prevalent obstructive pulmonary disease, with drastically improved treatment options over the past decades. However, there is still a proportion of patients with suboptimal level of asthma control, leading to multiple hospitalisation due to severe acute exacerbation (SAE) and earlier death. In our study, we aimed to assess the risk of SAEs and mortality in patients who suffered an SAE.MethodsThe database of the National Health Insurance Fund was used to retrospectively analyse the data of all asthmatic patients who had been hospitalised for an SAE between 2009 and 2019. We used a competing risk model to analyse the effect of each exacerbation on the risk of further SAEs with age, sex, Charlson index and the number of severe and moderate exacerbations included as covariates.ResultAltogether, 9257 asthmatic patients suffered at least one exacerbation leading to hospitalisation during the study time. The majority (75.8%) were women, and the average age was 58.24 years. Most patients had at least one comorbidity. 3492 patients suffered at least one further exacerbation and 1193 patients died of any cause. In the competing risk model, each SAE increased the risk of further exacerbations (HR=2.078–7.026; p<0.0001 for each case) but not death. The risk of SAEs was also increased by age (HR=1.008) female sex (HR=1.102) and with the number of days of the first SAE (HR=1.007).ConclusionsEven though asthma is generally a well-manageable disease, there still are many patients who suffer SAEs that significantly increase the risk of further similar SAEs.
Real-world treatment trajectories of adults with newly diagnosed asthma or COPD
Authors: Markus Aniek F , Rijnbeek Peter R , Kors Jan A , Burn Edward , Duarte-Salles Talita , Haug Markus , Kim Chungsoo , Kolde Raivo , Lee Youngsoo , Park Hae-Sim , Park Rae Woong , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel , Reyes Carlen , Krishnan Jerry A , Brusselle Guy G , Verhamme Katia MC 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundThere is a lack of knowledge on how patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are globally treated in the real world, especially with regard to the initial pharmacological treatment of newly diagnosed patients and the different treatment trajectories. This knowledge is important to monitor and improve clinical practice.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study aims to characterise treatments using data from four claims (drug dispensing) and four electronic health record (EHR; drug prescriptions) databases across six countries and three continents, encompassing 1.3 million patients with asthma or COPD. We analysed treatment trajectories at drug class level from first diagnosis and visualised these in sunburst plots.ResultsIn four countries (USA, UK, Spain and the Netherlands), most adults with asthma initiate treatment with short-acting ß2 agonists monotherapy (20.8%–47.4% of first-line treatments). For COPD, the most frequent first-line treatment varies by country. The largest percentages of untreated patients (for asthma and COPD) were found in claims databases (14.5%–33.2% for asthma and 27.0%–52.2% for COPD) from the USA as compared with EHR databases (6.9%–15.2% for asthma and 4.4%–17.5% for COPD) from European countries. The treatment trajectories showed step-up as well as step-down in treatments.ConclusionReal-world data from claims and EHRs indicate that first-line treatments of asthma and COPD vary widely across countries. We found evidence of a stepwise approach in the pharmacological treatment of asthma and COPD, suggesting that treatments may be tailored to patients’ needs.
Mycophenolate and azathioprine efficacy in interstitial lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lombardi Francesco , Stewart Iain , Fabbri Laura , Adams Wendy , Kawano-Dourado Leticia , Ryerson Christopher J , Jenkins Gisli 
Published: February 2024

ObjectivesMycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and azathioprine (AZA) are immunomodulatory treatments in interstitial lung disease (ILD). This systematic review aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MMF or AZA on pulmonary function in ILD.DesignPopulation included any ILD diagnosis, intervention included MMF or AZA treatment, outcome was delta change from baseline in per cent predicted forced vital capacity (%FVC) and gas transfer (diffusion lung capacity of carbon monoxide, %DLco). The primary endpoint compared outcomes relative to placebo comparator, the secondary endpoint assessed outcomes in treated groups only.Eligibility criteriaRandomised controlled trials (RCTs) and prospective observational studies were included. No language restrictions were applied. Retrospective studies and studies with high-dose concomitant steroids were excluded.Data synthesisThe systematic search was performed on 9 May. Meta-analyses according to drug and outcome were specified with random effects, I2evaluated heterogeneity and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation evaluated certainty of evidence. Primary endpoint analysis was restricted to RCT design, secondary endpoint included subgroup analysis according to prospective observational or RCT design.ResultsA total of 2831 publications were screened, 12 were suitable for quantitative synthesis. Three MMF RCTs were included with no significant effect on the primary endpoints (%FVC 2.94, 95% CI −4.00 to 9.88, I2=79.3%; %DLco −2.03, 95% CI −4.38 to 0.32, I2=0.0%). An overall 2.03% change from baseline in %FVC (95% CI 0.65 to 3.42, I2=0.0%) was observed in MMF, and RCT subgroup summary estimated a 4.42% change from baseline in %DLCO(95% CI 2.05 to 6.79, I2=0.0%). AZA studies were limited. All estimates were considered very low certainty evidence.ConclusionsThere were limited RCTs of MMF or AZA and their benefit in ILD was of very low certainty. MMF may support preservation of pulmonary function, yet confidence in the effect was weak. To support high certainty evidence, RCTs should be designed to directly assess MMF efficacy in ILD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42023423223.
Religion and mental health in young adulthood: a register-based study on differences by religious affiliation in sickness absence due to mental disorders in Finland
Authors: Reini Kaarina Susanna , Kolk Martin , Saarela Jan 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundReligiosity and spirituality are known to be positively correlated with health. This is the first study to analyse the interrelation between religious denomination and sickness absence due to mental disorders using population register data with detailed ICD codes.MethodsThe follow-up study was based on the entire population born in Finland between 1984 and 1996 (N=794 476). Each person was observed from age 20 over the period from 2004 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards models were applied to analyse the association between religious denomination and first-time sickness allowance receipts for any cause and mental disorder. Mental disorders were categorised as severe mental illness (F20–F31), depression (F32–F33), anxiety (F40–F48) and any other mental disorder (all other F codes). Men and women were analysed separately.ResultsThe differences in sickness absence due to mental disorder were substantial between religious affiliations. Compared with members of the Evangelical Lutheran state church, the relative hazard for mental disorders among non-affiliated women was 1.34 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.39), while that among women with other religions was 1.27 (95% CI 1.19 to 1.35), after adjusting for own and parental characteristics. The corresponding numbers for men were 1.45 (95% CI 1.39 to 1.50) and 1.42 (95% CI 1.30 to 1.54), respectively. The gradient was larger for severe mental illness and depression than for anxiety and other mental disorders. For any cause of sickness absence, there was no difference between Lutherans, non-affiliated individuals and those with other religions.ConclusionsEpidemiologists and public health practitioners should further examine the association between mental disorders and church membership using administrative registers.
Reconstructing axion-like particles from beam dumps with simulation-based inference
Authors: Morandini Alessandro , Ferber Torben , Kahlhoefer Felix 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAxion-like particles (ALPs) that decay into photon pairs pose a challenge for experiments that rely on the construction of a decay vertex in order to search for long-lived particles. This is particularly true for beam-dump experiments, where the distance between the unknown decay position and the calorimeter can be very large. In this work we use machine learning to explore the possibility to reconstruct the ALP properties, in particular its mass and lifetime, from such inaccurate observations. We use a simulation-based inference approach based on conditional invertible neural networks to reconstruct the posterior probability of the ALP parameters for a given set of events. We find that for realistic angular and energy resolution, such a neural network significantly outperforms parameter reconstruction from conventional high-level variables while at the same time providing reliable uncertainty estimates. Moreover, the neural network can quickly be re-trained for different detector properties, making it an ideal framework for optimizing experimental design.
Severity of Complications and Duration of Type 2 Diabetes and the Risk of Cancer: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Hu Yu-Wen , Yeh Chiu-Mei , Liu Chia-Jen , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Huang Nicole , Chou Yiing-Jenq 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:
The literature on the association between diabetes severity and cancer risk is limited and inconclusive. The study aimed to evaluate the association between the adapted Diabetes Complications Severity Index (aDCSI) and the duration of type 2 diabetes and cancer risk.

Methods:
Patients ages 20 years or older with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes between January 1, 2007, and December 31, 2011, were identified from Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) were calculated to compare cancer incidence in people with diabetes with that in the general population. Poisson regression was used to examine whether SIRs differed by age, sex, aDSCI, and duration of diabetes.

Results:
A total of 756,547 patients were included, with a median follow-up of 8.8 years. Excluding the first year after diagnosis, the SIR for overall cancer was 1.18 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.17–1.19]. Higher aDCSI was associated with increased SIRs for overall [SIR ratio 1.03 (1.02–1.03) per point increase], head and neck (1.03; 1.01–1.04), liver (1.04; 1.03–1.05), pancreas (1.03; 1.00–1.05), kidney (1.13; 1.10–1.15), and leukemia (1.09; 1.06–1.13). There was no association between aDCSI and colorectal, extrahepatic biliary tract, uterus and thyroid cancer, and a negative association with breast cancer (0.97; 0.95–0.98). Type 2 diabetes duration was associated with increased SIRs for overall [1.01 (1.00–1.02) per year increase], head and neck (1.03; 1.01–1.05), and liver cancer (1.04; 1.02–1.05).

Conclusions:
The heterogeneity in the association between diabetes severity and diabetes-related cancers suggests diverse underlying connections.

Impact:
Adopting distinct approaches in further research and prevention strategies for different kinds of diabetes-related cancers is important.