bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neural correlates of semantic and morphological processing of Hebrew nouns and verbs
Authors: Palti Dafna , Ben Shachar Michal , Hendler Talma , Hadar Uri 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNeuropsychological evidence regarding grammatical category suggests that deficits affecting verbs tend to localize differently from those affecting nouns, but previous functional imaging studies on healthy subjects fail to show consistent results that correspond to the clinical dissociation. In the current imaging study, we addressed this issue by manipulating not only the grammatical category but also the processing mode, using auditory presentation of Hebrew words. Subjects were presented with verbs and nouns and were instructed to make either a semantic decision (“Does the word belong to a given semantic category?”) or a morphological decision (“Is the word inflected in plural?”). The results showed different patterns of activation across distinct regions of interest. With respect to grammatical category effects, we found increased activation for verbs in the posterior portion of the left superior temporal sulcus, left dorsal premotor area, and posterior inferior frontal gyrus. In each of these regions, the effect was sensitive to task. None of the ROIs showed noun advantage. With respect to task effects, we found a semantic advantage in left anterior inferior frontal gyrus, as well as in left posterior middle temporal gyrus. The results suggest that cerebral verb‐noun dissociation is a result of localized and subtle processes that take place in a set of left frontal and temporal regions, and that the cognitive and neural processes involved in analyzing grammatical category depend on the lexical characteristics of the stimuli, as well as on task requirements. The discrepancy between functional imaging and patient data is also discussed. Hum. Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Predicting costs over time using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo methods: an application to early inflammatory polyarthritis
Authors: Cooper Nicola J. , Lambert Paul C. , Abrams Keith R. , Sutton Alexander J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis article focuses on the modelling and prediction of costs due to disease accrued over time, to inform the planning of future services and budgets. It is well documented that the modelling of cost data is often problematic due to the distribution of such data; for example, strongly right skewed with a significant percentage of zero‐cost observations. An additional problem associated with modelling costs over time is that cost observations measured on the same individual at different time points will usually be correlated. In this study we compare the performance of four different multilevel/hierarchical models (which allow for both the within‐subject and between‐subject variability) for analysing healthcare costs in a cohort of individuals with early inflammatory polyarthritis (IP) who were followed‐up annually over a 5‐year time period from 1990/1991. The hierarchical models fitted included linear regression models and two‐part models with log‐transformed costs, and two‐part model with gamma regression and a log link. The cohort was split into a learning sample, to fit the different models, and a test sample to assess the predictive ability of these models. To obtain predicted costs on the original cost scale (rather than the log‐cost scale) two different retransformation factors were applied. All analyses were carried out using Bayesian Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) simulation methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors controlling carbon isotope ratios of dissolved inorganic carbon in two major tributaries of the Han River, Korea
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Sik , Ryu Jong‐Sik , Ahn Kyu‐Hong , Chang Ho‐Wan , Lee Dongho 
Published: September 2006

AbstractUnderstanding the carbon cycle of the Han River system in Korea is of prime interest in managing and preserving this valuable water resource for more than 20 million residents in the area. As a part of a comprehensive carbon cycling study for the Han River system, this report focuses on the carbon isotope compositions of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in its two major tributaries, the North and the South Han Rivers. The major difference in carbonate chemistry of the tributaries originates primarily from the lithology of the catchment areas. The South Han River, draining a carbonate‐dominant terrain, has much higher alkalinities and DIC concentrations, whereas the lower concentrations in the North Han River indicate little influence of carbonate weathering. Likewise, δ13CDIC values in the South Han River indicate that the DIC input from the carbonate rocks is important in controlling carbon isotope ratios of DIC. For the North Han River, the oxidation of organic material influences the amount of riverine DIC and δ13CDIC values to a greater extent. Overall, remarkable seasonal and spatial variations of river chemistry and carbon isotope compositions of DIC reflect the variability in geo‐hydrologic characteristics, in the water regime, and in metabolic activities in the river water and/or the drainage areas. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of different immersion media in multiphoton imaging of the epithelium and dermis of human skin
Authors: Hsiao Chih‐Yuan , Sun Yen , Chen Wei‐Liang , Tung Chih‐Kuan , Lo Wen , Su Jiunn‐Wen , Lin Sung‐Jan , Jee Shiou‐Hwa , Jan Gwo‐Jen , Dong Chen‐Yuan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn this work, we compared the performance of objectives with similar numerical aperture of 0.75 but different immersion media of air, water, glycerin, and oil in the imaging of human skin epithelium and dermis. In general, we found that the oil immersion objective recorded the strongest intensity at the same mechanical depth. We also characterized the focal shifts and found that with decreasing refractive index, the focal shift becomes increasingly more negative (for both the epithelium and dermis). In imaging the dermis, we estimated the image resolution at the depths of 18.8 and 30.2 μm, and found that the image resolution were comparable at these depths under the four types of immersion conditions. Our results demonstrate that by changing the immersion media, the main microscopic imaging effects are the recorded axial intensities and the focal shifts. The effects on the image resolution are negligible. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Manipulation, dissection, and lithography using modified tapping mode atomic force microscope
Authors: Liu Zhiguo , Li Zhuang , Wei Gang , Song Yonghai , Wang Li , Sun Lanlan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA modified tapping mode of the atomic force microscope (AFM) was introduced for manipulation, dissection, and lithography. By sufficiently decreasing the amplitude of AFM tip in the normal tapping mode and adjusting the setpoint, the tip‐sample interaction can be efficiently controlled. This modified tapping mode has some characteristics of the AFM contact mode and can be used to manipulate nanoparticles, dissect biomolecules, and make lithographs on various surfaces. This method did not need any additional equipment and it can be applied to any AFM system. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preionization of XeF excimer laser by 248 nm laser beam
Authors: Maulhardt G , Schmidt K , Bartuch U , Viöl W 
Published: September 2006

A new type of preionization setup for a XeF excimer
laser was investigated. The laser gas was ionized using a 248 nm
laser beam.
The preionization laser beam follows the optical axis of the XeF
laser resonator thereby ionizing the laser gas.
The timing of the ionizing beam with respect to the main discharge
has a great influence on laser output energy and stability. To
achieve optimum performance the preionization laser pulse should
occur about 90 ns prior to the ignition of the main discharge of
the XeF laser. The optimal energy density of the pre-ionizing beam
was found to be around 10 mJ/cm2.
By direct comparison to a standard preionization setup using a
corona discharge along the main discharge region, the pulse energy
of the XeF laser could be increased. However, the stability could
not be improved.
Time‐sharing evolution and sensitivity enhancements in 2D HSQC‐TOCSY and HSQMBC experiments
Authors: Nolis Pau , Pérez Miriam , Parella Teodor 
Published: September 2006

AbstractModifications of time‐shared (TS) HSQC‐like experiments originally developed by Griesinger and co‐workers (Sattler M, Maurer M, Schleucher J, Griesinger C. J. Biomol. NMR 1995; 5: 97) are proposed to extract different types of information from a single NMR pulse scheme. It is shown that simultaneous acquisition of 1H,13C and 1H,15N HSQC‐TOCSY and HSQMBC experiments can afford experimental sensitivity enhancements of 20–40% with respect to the separate acquisition of individual 13C or 15N data. In addition, the incorporation of a number of independent editing elements can be easily used for different purposes, for instance, to assign unambiguously 1H, 13C, and 15N chemical shifts, to differentiate directly from relayed cross‐peaks, or to measure simultaneously long‐range proton–carbon and proton–nitrogen coupling constants. The suggested methodologies can be applied to many different classes of nitrogen‐containing compounds and illustrative examples are provided for the peptide cyclosporine as a demonstration of the performance of such experiments. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐grade mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the accessory parotid gland with distant metastases identified by 18F‐FDG PET‐CT
Authors: Gomes Marcelo , Pepe Giovanna , Bomanji Jamshed , Al‐Salihi Omar , Du Yong , Gacinovic Svetislav , Ell Peter 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe report a rare case of a metastatic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) arising from the accessory parotid gland in a 14‐year‐old male. In the pre‐surgical assessment, the MR and CT showed no other abnormalities apart from the primary lesion. The lesion was excised and confirmed as a high‐grade MEC. Four months later, he presented with a recurrence in his right temple. A 18F‐FDG PET‐CT showed distal metastases in cervical nodes and lungs. In view of the findings and poor prognosis of the patient, surgical intervention and radiotherapy were not given and palliative measures offered. This case shows the potential of molecular imaging with 18F‐FDG PET‐CT in these patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:395–397. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Feasibility of ovarian tissue cryopreservation for prepubertal females with cancer
Authors: Poirot Catherine J. , Martelli Hélène , Genestie Catherine , Golmard Jean‐Louis , Valteau‐Couanet Dominique , Helardot Pierre , Pacquement Hélène , Sauvat Frédérique , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Philippe‐Chomette Pascale , Esperou Hélène , Baruchel André , Brugieres Laurence 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundLoss of fertility is one of the long‐term adverse effects of high‐dose chemotherapy or total body irradiation for cancer, even in children. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) may make it possible for survivors of childhood cancer to have children. We evaluated the feasibility of this technique for prepubertal girls.MethodsBetween September 2000 and February 2005, 49 prepubertal girls were referred to the Reproductive Biology Unit for OTC before sterilizing treatment.ResultsOne ovary each was collected from 47 patients, by laparoscopy in 24 patients and laporotomy in the others. In 16 cases, the ovary was harvested during laparotomy to resect a residual abdominal tumor. No complications occurred after operations. Ovarian tissue was frozen by a slow‐cooling protocol, using DMSO and sucrose as cryoprotectants. An mean of 17.6 ± 6.5 ovarian tissue fragments was cryopreserved per patient. Follicle concentration was evaluated histologically for 46 patients and a strong correlation was found between age and follicular density. None of the cases had visible ovarian tumor components. Ovarian cryopreservation was not carried out for two patients.ConclusionThe cryopreservation of ovarian tissue could be systematically offered even to prepubertal girls at risk of sterility due to gonadotoxic treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:74–78. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Structural basis for the observed differential magnetic anisotropic tensorial values in calcium binding proteins
Authors: Mustafi Sourajit M. , Mukherjee Sulakshana , Chary Kandala V. R. , Cavallaro Gabriele 
Published: September 2006

AbstractLanthanide ions (Ln3+), which have ionic radii similar to those of Ca2+, can displace the latter in a calcium binding protein, without affecting its tertiary structure. The paramagnetic Ln3+ possesses large anisotropic magnetic susceptibilities and produce pseudocontact shifts (PCSs), which have r−3 dependence. The PCS can be seen for spins as far as 45 Å from the paramagnetic ion. They aid in structure refinement of proteins by providing long‐range distance constraints. Besides, they can be used to determine the interdomain orientation in multidomain proteins. This is particularly important in the context of a calcium binding protein from Entamoeba histolytica (EhCaBP), which consists of two globular domains connected by a flexible linker region containing 8 residues. As a first step to obtain the interdomain orientation in EhCaBP, a suite of 2D and 3D heteronuclear experiments were recorded on EhCaBP by displacing calcium with Ce3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Tm3+, Dy3+, and Yb3+ ions in separate experiments, and the PCS of 1HN and 15N spins were measured. Such data have been used in the refinement of the individual domain structures of the protein in parallel with the calculation of the respective magnetic anisotropy tensorial values, which differ substantially (2.1–2.8 times) from what is found in other Ca2+ binding loops. This study provides a structural basis for such variations in the magnetic anisotropy tensorial values. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Local stray fields and magnetization reversal process of FePrB sintered magnets
Authors: Sazonov S. N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractData have been analysed concerning the temperature dependence of the coercivityHcof Fe–Pr–B sintered magnets, which have been published in science articles over the years. Extracting the reliable experimental data, it is shown that the values of the local self‐demagnetization coefficient, having been presented in most of those articles, are exaggerated by a factor of almost 2. It is demonstrated that the simple one‐dimensional model allows one to explain the hysteresis properties of Fe–Pr–B sintered textured magnets after the revision of this value. The dependence ofHcon chemical composition is calculated. The role of intergrain exchange coupling is discussed. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Improvement in breakdown voltage characteristics of SiC Schottky barrier diode by incorporating a guard ring‐assisted field limiting ring and an internal ring
Authors: Kim Seong‐Jin , Kim Shin , Yu Soon‐Jae , Kim Song‐Gang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe investigate the width, spacing, and number dependencies of an Al+‐implanted field limiting ring (FLR) and the influence of an Al+‐implanted internal ring on the breakdown voltage characteristics of a silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky barrier diode (SBD). SiC‐SBDs having an Al+‐implanted guard ring‐assisted FLR surrounding a Schottky contact edge and an internal ring inside a Schottky contact were fabricated via ion implantation, annealing, photolithography, and metal lift‐off techniques. The breakdown voltage characteristics of the SiC‐SBD are enhanced by incorporation of the guard ring‐assisted FLR at the Schottky contact edge and the internal ring at Schottky contact region. The breakdown voltage characteristics of the guard ring‐assisted FLR SiC‐SBDs with an internal ring are significantly dependent on the width, spacing, and number of FLRs. The breakdown voltage is improved as either the FLR width and FLR number increase or the FLR spacing decreases. 1650 V maximal breakdown voltage, corresponding to 82% ideal breakdown voltage, is observed with seven FLRs having 5 µm width and 1 µm spacing. The results indicate that a greater number of FLRs, as well as increased FLR width and decreased spacing can effectively suppress electric field crowding at the periphery of the Schottky contact edge, resulting in higher breakdown voltage. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single‐walled carbon nanotube transistors on an ultra‐thin gate dielectric
Authors: Weitz R. Thomas , Zschieschang Ute , Klauk Hagen , Burghard Marko , Kern Klaus 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBack‐gated single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) transistors were fabricated using a silane‐based organic self‐assembled monolayer as a gate dielectric on top of a highly doped silicon wafer. These ultra‐thin layers ensure strong gate coupling and therefore low operation voltages. The source and drain contacts were patterned through conventional electron‐beam lithography after deposition of the organic monolayer and the nanotubes. The organic monolayer was found to be stable against an e‐beam dose of 300 μC/cm2, as reflected by the very low gate leakage current density of 10–7 A/cm2 at a gate voltage of 2 V. On this basis, single‐electron transistors (SETs) were obtained from individual metallic SWCNTs, which display Coulomb oscillations with a period five times smaller than devices with a 200 nm SiO2 gate dielectric. Moreover, field‐effect transistors made from individual semiconducting SWCNTs operate with gate‐source voltages of –2 V, show good saturation, small hysteresis (200 mV) as well as a low subthreshold swing (290 mV/dec). (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effect of Ar+ irradiation on the behaviour of carbon nanotube transistor
Authors: Woo Yun Sung , Osváth Z. , Vértesy G. , Biró L. P. , Roth Siegmar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe characteristics of carbon nanotube field effect transistor are investigated after the whole device is irradiated with Ar+ ions. The resistance become much higher due to the electron scattering at vacancies produced by Ar+ irradiation. In addition, the subthreshold slop, S, (dV G/d(log I D)) increases and the Schottky barrier height decreases after the irradiation, which imply the interface states generated within the band gap of the semiconducting single walled carbon nanotube. Therefore, we suggest a way that makes a transparent contact for electron transport by manipulating the vacancy formation at the interface between nanotube and metal leads. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Semiconductor‐to‐metal transition of double walled carbon nanotubes induced by inter‐shell interaction
Authors: Zólyomi V. , Rusznyák Á. , Kürti J. , Gali Á. , Simon F. , Kuzmany H. , Szabados Á. , Surján P. R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNuclear magnetic resonance measurements on isotope engineered double walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNT) suggest a uniformly metallic character of all nanotubes. This effect can only be explained by the interaction between the inner and outer shell. Here we study the DWCNTs by density functional theory and inter‐molecular Hückel model. We present a study of the density of states of DWCNTs which clearly shows that two layers of semiconducting single walled nanotubes can indeed form a metallic DWCNT in many cases, but not necessarily in every case. For most metallic DWCNTs, a high density of states can be expected at the Fermi level. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural study of C60 and C70 cubane
Authors: Bortel G. , Faigel G. , Kováts É. , Oszlányi G. , Pekker S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractFullerenes and cubane (C8H8) form new high‐symmetry heteromolecular crystals and C60–cubane and C70–cubane are the first members of this family. We present the results of a detailed structural study in a wide temperature range, from 100 K to 470 K. The structure of these compounds is based on the well‐known face centered cubic (fcc) C60 lattice. In the highest symmetry case freely rotating fullerenes occupy the fcc lattice sites, and cubanes fill the octahedral voids. We found various phase transitions on lowering the temperature. As expected, the free rotation of fullerenes becomes hindered and orientational ordering appears. The orientational transition temperature is exceptionally low, which can be explained by the combination of the high symmetry environment of fullerenes, the perfect match of convex fullerene and concave cubane molecular surfaces and the significantly expanded fullerene lattice. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Single‐walled carbon nanotubes/polycarbonate composites: basic electrical and mechanical properties
Authors: Hornbostel Björn , Pötschke Petra , Kotz Jochen , Roth Siegmar 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe focus of this paper is to investigate the electrical conductivity and the mechanical properties of single‐walled carbon nanotubes/polycarbonate composites. Two different direct incorporating methods were applied. In the first method PC and SWCNTs were mixed with different ratios in a small scale conical twin screw extruder. Here, additional variations in the feeding of the filler material were tested in order to improve the state of dispersion of the melt mixing method. The second one is the coagulation method, here, the filler material was suspended and the polymer material was dissolved in liquid organic substances. The mechanical properties were examined by tension tests and by measuring the Vickers hardness. It should be stressed, that the nanofiller material was provided in large batches (m > 100 g) and extensively mechanically homogenized in order to eliminate quality fluctuations and density differences in the SWCNT occurrences. The filler material was synthesized in a Krätschmer reactor (carbon arc). After homogenization, the nanomaterial was characterized. Based on this the SWCNT content was estimated to be between 30 and 40%, which is usual for arc discharge material. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Applying Novel Molecular Electronegativity‐Interaction Vector (MEIV) to QSPR Study on Collision Cross Section of Singly Protonated Peptides
Authors: Zhou Peng , Zeng Hui , Tian Fei‐Fei , Li Bo , Li Zhi‐Liang 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA novel electrotopological descriptor, Molecular Electronegativity‐Interaction Vector (MEIV), has been developed in this paper to characterize molecular structures of 420 singly protonated peptides. Three different modeling methods, as Multiple Linear Regression (MLR), Partial Least Squares (PLS), and Computational Neural Network (CNN), are utilized to explore peptide structures in relation with the Collision Cross Section (CCS). The resulting correlative coefficients R of MLR, PLS, and CNN are 0.988, 0.986, and 0.993, respectively, indicating that the MEIV descriptor is in favorable relation with CCS value, the relatationship is mainly linear with some nonlinear factors‥