bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimation of inelastic seismic deformations in asymmetric multistorey RC buildings
Authors: Kosmopoulos A. J. , Fardis M. N. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFour real buildings with three to six stories, strong irregularities in plan and little engineered earthquake resistance are subjected to inelastic response‐history analyses under 56 bidirectional EC8‐spectra‐compatible motions. The average chord rotation demand at each member end over the 56 response‐history analyses is compared to the chord rotation from elastic static analysis with inverted triangular lateral forces or modal response spectrum analysis. The storey‐average inelastic‐to‐elastic‐chord‐rotation‐ratio was found fairly constant in all stories, except when static elastic analysis is applied to buildings with large higher mode effects. Except for such buildings, static elastic analysis gives more uniform ratios of inelastic chord rotations to elastic ones within and among stories than modal response spectrum analysis, but generally lower than 1.0. With increasing EPA the building‐average inelastic‐to‐elastic‐chord‐rotation‐ratio decreases but scatter in the results increases. Static elastic analysis tends to overestimate the inelastic torsional effects at the flexible or central part of the torsionally flexible buildings and underestimate them at their stiff side. Modal response spectrum analysis tends to overestimate the inelastic torsional effects at the stiff or central part of the torsionally stiff buildings and underestimate them at the flexible side. Overall, for multistorey RC buildings that typically have fundamental periods in the velocity‐sensitive part of the spectrum, elastic modal response spectrum analysis with 5% damping gives on average unbiased and fairly accurate estimates of member inelastic chord rotations. If higher modes are not significant, elastic static analysis in general overestimates inelastic chord rotations of such buildings, even when torsional effects are present. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Subcellular localization of ATBF1 regulates MUC5AC transcription in gastric cancer
Authors: Mori Yoshinori , Kataoka Hiromi , Miura Yutaka , Kawaguchi Makoto , Kubota Eiji , Ogasawara Naotaka , Oshima Tadayuki , Tanida Satoshi , Sasaki Makoto , Ohara Hirotaka , Mizoshita Tsutomu , Tatematsu Masae , Asai Kiyofumi , Joh Takashi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman gastric epithelium has a unique mucin gene expression pattern, which becomes markedly altered in gastrointestinal disorder. This alteration in mucin expression, including the mucin MUC5AC, may be related to the development and prognosis of gastric cancers, and MUC5AC‐positive gastric cancer has been reported to be poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanism of MUC5AC transcriptional regulation has not been fully elucidated. AT motif‐binding factor 1 (ATBF1) is a homeotic transcriptional regulatory factor recently identified as a tumor suppressor gene, and its subcellular localization suggests a link to cell proliferation and differentiation. We investigated the mechanism of MUC5AC transcriptional regulation by ATBF1. In 123 gastric cancer lesions, ATBF1 expressed in the nucleus significantly suppressed MUC5AC expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry. In addition, analysis of the MUC5AC promoter region revealed an AT motif‐like element. This element was found to be essential for ATBF1 suppression of MUC5AC promoter activity as shown in a dual luciferase‐reporter assay. Over‐expressed ATBF1 also significantly suppressed endogenous MUC5AC protein expression in gastric cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated that ATBF1 binds to the AT motif‐like element in the MUC5AC promoter. These results indicate that ATBF1 in the nucleus negatively regulates the MUC5AC gene in gastric cancer by binding to an AT motif‐like element in the MUC5AC promoter. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The proteins of hepatitis B dane particle cores
Authors: Hruska Jerome F. , Robinson William S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAlthough several studies have been done to analyze the peptides of purified 22‐nm HbsAg particles, no information has been published about the peptides of the core of the Dane particle which bears the other hepatitis B viral antigen, HbcAg. Dane particles and Dane particle cores (produced by NP‐40 treatment of Dane particles) were purified by equilibrium centrifugation in CsCl density gradients. Two populations of Dane particles were observed at densities 1.27 and 1.24 g/ml, respectively. The higher buoyant density Dane particles yielded exclusively cores of buoyant density 1.38 g/ml in CsCl, and the lower buoyant density Dane particles yielded two kinds of cores with buoyant densities of 1.38 and 1.325 g/ml, respectively. Only the higher density Dane particles and cores manifested endogenously primed DNA polymerase activity. The peptides of density 1.38 g/ml Dane particle cores purified by equilibrium CsCl density gradient centrifugation and HBcAg particles from HBV infected chimpanzee liver purified in the same way were analyzed by SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Both kinds of particles were found to consistently contain 3 Coomassie blue staining peptides with approximate molecular weights of 19,000, 70,000 and 80,000 daltons (designated P‐19, P‐70 and P‐80 respectively). In addition, the HBcAg particles from infected liver regularly yielded a protein component with molecular weight greater than 200,000 daltons. This component was occasionally present in electrophoresis runs of core peptides from only one of two patients. Its irregular appearance after gel electrophoresis suggests it may have been an aggregate not completely dissociated under the conditions used. The lower density core component consistently contained P‐19, P‐70, and P‐80, and infrequently additional minor peptides of uncertain origin. The irregular occurrence of the minor peptides in varying amounts suggests they were not intrinsic core proteins.
Prevalence of antibody to the Norwalk agent by a newly developed immune adherence hemagglutination assay
Authors: Kapikian Albert Z. , Greenberg Harry B. , Cline W. Lee , Kalica Anthony R. , Wyatt Richard G. , James Harvey D. , Lloyd Nancy L. , Chanock Robert M. , Ryder Robert W. , Kim Hyun Wha 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn immune adherence hemagglutination assay (IAHA) for the detection of antibody to the Norwalk agent of acute epidemic nonbacterial gastroenteritis was developed using as antigen virus purified from stool from an experimentally infected volunteer. The assay was sensitive and specific and was efficient for detecting Norwalk antibody seroresponses. The prevalence of Norwalk antibody in various groups in the United States was studied. Antibody to the Norwalk agent was acquired gradually, beginning slowly in childhood and accelerating in the adult period so that by the fifth decade 50% possessed antibody. This pattern of antibody acquisition contrasted sharply with that for the human rotavirus of infantile gastroenteritis. Rotavirus antibody was acquired during early childhood by almost all individuals in the pediatric groups studied. Antibody to the Norwalk agent was also found in rural Bangladesh; in a small prevalence survey of 39 children and adults 21% possessed Norwalk IAHA antibody, whereas 95% possessed antibody to the human rotavirus.
SSPE‐BIKEN: A Naturally arising hemagglutination‐defective mutant of measles virus
Authors: Breschkin Alan M. , Morgan Exeen M. , McKimm Jennifer , Rapp Fred 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBiochemical and genetic methods have been used to investigate a defective variant of measles virus previously isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). Since its isolation, this syncytiogenic strain (SSPE‐BIKEN) has remained cell‐associated; infected cells do not hemadsorb and do not release infectious virus. Immune precipitation and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used to study the synthesis of measles virion proteins in SSPE‐BIKEN‐infected cells. All of the virion proteins were detected in immune precipitated whole cell extracts. However, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein was not detected on the cell surface by lactoperoxidase iodination. These results suggest that the failure of the HA protein to insert into the cell membrane accounts for the block in the release of infectious virus. Radioactively labeled, noninfectious, virus‐like particles have been purified from the media of SSPE‐BIKEN‐infected cells. These particles contain virus nucleocapsid, nucleocapsid‐associated, and membrane proteins, but very little HA and hemolysin proteins.Genetic complementation between SSPE‐BIKEN and a temperature‐sensitive mutant of measles virus was observed and suggests that the SSPE isolate defect is due to a mutation. Additional evidence of a mutation is provided by the detection of low frequency revertant progeny in SSPE‐BIKEN stocks. Our results support the hypothesis that genetic variants of measles virus are involved in the etiology of SSPE.
Purification of poliovirus by affinity chromatography
Authors: Brown Fred , Underwood Bryan O. , Fantes Karl H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPoliovirus type 1 (Mahoney strain) has been purified by retention on a Sepharose 4B‐antibody column and elution with 3M K thiocyanate. The virus was recovered in excellent yield and its purity was as high as that achieved by detergent treatment followed by sucrose gradient centrifugation. The column could be re‐used and its capacity was sufficiently high to make it a useful method for the purification of milligram quantities of the virus.
Coronavirus infections of man associated with diseases other than the common cold
Authors: Riski Hellevi , Hovi Tapani 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAbout 14,000 paired sera, from patients with various types of acute infectious diseases with suspected viral origin, were screened by complement fixation against a wide set of viral antigens, including coronavirus OC43. A significant change in OC43 antibodies was recorded in 33 cases and a constant high titre, defined as a titre occurring in the respective age group in less than 1 % of all sera examined, was found in 45 cases. On the basis of careful retrospective analysis of hospital case records it was concluded that in 28 cases with an increase of OC43 antibody litres, and in two with titre decrease, a disease could be associated with an acute coronavirus infection. In 16 cases the disease was dominated by respiratory symptoms. Eight of these patients, four children and four adults, had pneumonia. Three of the eight pneumonia patients had, however, another concomitant infection, too. Four patients had neurological symptoms, one had severe perimyocarditis, and in five cases fever was the only symptom recorded. Among the patients with a statistically significant high titre of OC43 antibodies, there were 14 cases where a suggestive association with a disease could be envisaged on the basis of hospital records. Five of these patients had pneumonia.These results suggest that human coronaviruses, so far considered only as one group of causative agents of the common cold, may also be associated with other and more severe diseases in all age groups.
Viral hepatitis: report on a who informal consultation
Authors: McCollum Robert W. , Zuckerman Arie J. , Assaad F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractList of Participants: M.S. Balayan (USSR), F. Deinhardt (Federal Republic of Germany), R.J. Gerety (USA), I.D. Gust (Australia), J.E. Maynard (USA), R.W. McCollum (USA), O. Sobeslavsky (Czechoslovakia), and A.J. Zuckerman (UK).Representatives from WHO Regions: J. Mwakalukwa (Tanzania) unable to attend, V.M. Villarejos (Costa Rica), F. Ala (Iran), K.M. Tin (Burma), and K. Nishioka (Japan).Observers: P. Grob (Switzerland), and D. Trichopoulos (Greece) representing the International Agency for Research on Cancer.WHO Secretariat: P. Bres (WHO Headquarters), and J. Bond WHO Regional Office for the Americas)
Development of serum and intestinal antibody response to rotavirus after naturally acquired rotavirus infection in man
Authors: Riepenhoff‐Talty Marie , Bogger‐Goren Sara , Li Philip , Carmody Patricia J. , Barrett Helen J. , Ogra Pearay L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe temporal characteristics of the response of rotavirus specific IgM, IgG, IgA in serum and secretory antibody in feces to rotavirus were studied in 77 hospitalized patients with rotavirus induced gastroenteritis. The response in serum was characterized by the sequential appearance of rotavirus specific IgM, IgG, and IgA antibody. The IgM antibody appeared to be higher in the acute phase of the disease and was subsequently replaced by the IgG and IgA antibodies. However, the titers of IgG rotavirus antibody in convalescent specimens of serum were found to be statistically significantly lower in patients with severe or prolonged rotavirus infection than in specimens from subjects with mild or moderate disease.Most fecal specimens collected during both the acute and convalescent phase of illness contained virus specific secretory IgA. Higher concentrations of antibody were measured in convalescent samples from patients with prolonged diarrhea and virus shedding. These observations suggest a possible relationship between the severity of rotavirus infection and the nature of systemic and secretory antibody response.
An assay for the detection of the dna genome of hepatitis b virus in serum
Authors: Berninger Mark , Hammer Marlene , Hoyer Bill , Gerin John L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAn assay based on nucleic acid hybridization detects and quantitates hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA in particles present in serum. This assay allows rapid examination of multiple samples and is sensitive and reproducible; serum samples are treated with proteolytic enzyme and detergent and then extracted with phenol and chloroform. The deproteinized extracts which may contain HBV DNA are made alkaline to denature the DNA, neutralized, and bound to nitrocellulose filters in 3‐mm in diameter “spots” in a special 96‐well filtration apparatus. HBV DNA is detected by its ability to hybridize with 32P‐labeled DNA prepared from recombinant plasmids containing the complete HBV genome. After hybridization, the nitrocellulose is washed and autoradiographed; samples containing HBV produce spots on X‐ray film whose intensity (in the linear exposure range of the film) is proportional to the amount of HBV DNA in the serum sample. The assay is specific and sensitive, correlates with infectivity of sera titered in chimpanzees as well as biophysical parameters, and is in agreement with serological indicators of HBV presence.
Immunogenicity in chimpanzees of experimental hepatitis B vaccines prepared from intact hepatitis B virus, purified polypeptides, or polypeptide micelles
Authors: Tabor Edward , Howard Colin R. , Skelly Jacinta , Snoy Philip , Goudeau Alain , Zuckerman Arie J. , Gerety Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe immunogenicity of three experimental hepatitis B vaccines was evaluated in chimpanzees. Although no antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) was detected in two chimpanzees that received an aqueous polypeptide vaccine subcutaneously, a strong anti‐HBs response was observed two and ten weeks, respectively, following challenge with hepatitis B virus. Inoculation of two additional chimpanzees with a micellar preparation of these polypeptides by the intravenous route resulted in anti‐HBs production in one of the chimpanzees. Two chimpanzees inoculated subcutaneously with an aqueous vaccine of formalin‐inactivated intact hepatitis B virus developed anti‐HBs in low titers, but the development of antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen following challenge inoculations suggested that subclinical HBV infections may have occurred despite prior vaccination.
Antibody response after application of a new live attenuated mumps vaccine (Pariorix®) measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Authors: Popow‐Kraupp Therese , Kunz Christian , Hofmann Hanns 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMumps virus specific antibody concentrations were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), hemolysis‐in‐gel (HIG) test, and hemagglutination‐inhibition (HI) test in 17 adult volunteers before and after vaccination with a new live mumps vaccine, Pariorix®. The results of the present study indicate that the strain Urabe‐Am 9 of the mumps virus (Pariorix) induces antibodies in 100% of seronegative adults when measured by ELISA and in 70.6% and 64.7% in HIG and HI, respectively. ELISA is therefore a very sensitive and reliable method for the demonstration of sero‐conversion after vaccination. The vaccine was well tolerated and clinically acceptable in the group of adult volunteers.
Rapid detection of rotavirus in stool by latex agglutination: Comparison with radioimmunoassay and electron microscopy and clinical evaluation of the test
Authors: Haikala Olli J. , Leinonen Maija K. , Nurmi Tapio , Kokkonen Jorma O. , Mäntyjärvi Rauno , Sarkkinen Hannu K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA latex agglutination test (LX) using antisera prepared against Nebraska calf diarrhea virus (NCDV) is described for the detection of rotavirus in stool of children with acute gastroenteritis. The test was compared with electron microscopy (EM) and radioimmunoassay (RIA) with 100 stools positive or negative for rotavirus. Out of 53 stools positive in RIA or EM, 49 were positive in LX and 4 were negative. Two specimens negative in EM and RIA were falsely positive in LX. The method was also tested in two clinical series with 115 stools from 101 children. Altogether 67/115 stools were positive in RIA, and 62/115 in LX. Out of 7 stools with contradictory results, 6 were negative in LX but positive in RIA, and 1 was positive in LX but negative in RIA. The results indicate that the LX is suitable for rapid screening of rotavirus gastroenteritis in clinical practice.
Rotavirus shedding by newborn children
Authors: Perez‐Schael Irene , Daoud Georgette , White Laura , Urbina Gidalia , Daoud Naimeh , Perez Mireya , Flores Jorge 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe studied the shedding of rotavirus by newborn children in the nurseries of a large maternity hospital in Caracas, Venezuela, throughout the year 1982. Sixty‐two (57%) of 108 children examined shed the virus within the first few days of life. Four (6%) of the 62 children who shed rotavirus had diarrhea but only one of them required oral rehydration therapy. The rotavirus specimens were identified as subgroup 2 in an ELISA subgrouping assay that employs monoclonal antibodies. Analysis of the RNA extracted from 52 of the samples by electrophoresis revealed a similar migration pattern in all the specimens; their identity was confirmed by crosshybridization analyses which revealed a strong degree of genomic homology among the strains studied.
Faecal and pharyngeal shedding of rotavirus and rotavirus IgA in children with diarrhoea
Authors: Stals F. , Walther F. J. , Bruggeman C. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn 70 children 0–4 years of age with acute diarrhoea, the shedding of rotavirus and the excretion of rotavirus‐specific IgA antibody in the stools were examined throughout the period of clinical symptoms. Quantitative detection of rotavirus and IgA was performed by an ELISA technique. The maximal rotavirus shedding was found between the second and fifth day and the maximal excretion of IgA antibody about the seventh day, which marked the clinical recovery of most children. Throat swabs were examined for both virus particles and specific IgA antibody to try to document the respiratory spread of rotavirus infection. Rotavirus antigen could not be demonstrated in the throat swabs, but specific IgA antibody was detected at levels comparable to the faecal specimens obtained at clinical recovery. The observations indicate that the presence of rotavirus secretory IgA limits the duration of diarrhoea and plays a major role in the intestinal resistance to infection.
Detection of Norwalk virus in stools by enzyme immunoassay
Authors: Herrmann John E. , Nowak Nancy A. , Blacklow Neil R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe development of a solid‐phase microtiter enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for detection of Norwalk virus antigen in stool samples is described. The EIA was compared with a previously developed radioimmunoassay (RIA) for detection of Norwalk virus antigen in stools obtained from 30 volunteers who received Norwalk virus. The EIA detected viral antigen in stools from 17 of the volunteers and the RIA detected viral antigen in 15. Seroconversion was a more sensitive indicator of infection in some patients. However, two samples from volunteers who were clinically ill but did not show seroconversion to Norwalk virus were positive for Norwalk virus antigen by both immunoassays. This indicates that antigen detection may be important for use in epidemiological studies. Neither of the immunoassays gave positive reactions for stools known to contain enteric adenovirus, rotavirus, or Hawaii virus, or in stools from patients with acute diarrhea of unknown cause. The stability of the EIA reagents and ease of use should provide a means for more extensive testing for Norwalk virus in outbreaks of gastroenteritis.
Cell‐Mediated immune responses to BK virus in normal individuals
Authors: Drummond James E. , Shah Keerti V. , Donnenberg Albert D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA lymphoproliferative assay was developed to study cell‐mediated immunity (CMI) to BK virus (BKV), a human papovavirus, in healthy volunteer subjects. Responses to ultraviolet‐inactivated antigen prepared from BKV‐infected fibroblasts were compared to those elicited against a mock antigen preparation and an unrelated control antigen (tetanus toxoid, TET). CMI to BKV and TET were contrasted with humoral immunity as measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Specificity of the assay was confirmed by absence of response to mock antigen in all subjects studied. Positive response to BKV antigen was observed in all of 15 seropositive individuals but not in 5 neonates or 1 seronegative child. Similarly, all TET seropositive (n = 13) but no seronegative subjects (n = 2) responded to TET. The magnitude of lymphoproliferation to either antigen did not correlate with antibody titer. Additionally, the frequency of peripheral blood BKV‐specific proliferating lymphocytes was determined by limiting dilution analysis (LDA). The frequency was approximately tenfold less than that observed for TET in the same group of subjects (1/30,300 vs 1/2,700). This may be due to differences in route and frequency of antigen exposure, both of which are unknown, at present, for BKV.
Imported epidemic non‐A, non‐B hepatitis in Qatar
Authors: Glynn M. J. , Rashid A. , Antao A. J. O. , Coleman J. C. , Howard C. R. , Zuckerman A. J. , Murray‐Lyon I. M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDuring one year, 198 patients were admitted to the Hamad General Hospital, Qatar, with acute viral hepatitis. Sera from 126 of these were tested for HBsAg, IgM anti‐HBc, IgG anti‐HAV, IgM anti‐HAV, and delta antibody in those positive for HBsAg. Only 6% of the patients were Qatari nationals and the remainder were immigrants. Of the 126 patients tested, 7 had acute hepatitis A, 29 had acute hepatitis B (none were positive for delta antibody), and the remaining 91 were regarded as having had acute non‐A, non‐B hepatitis. Of this latter group, 75% were Indian immigrants of whom 59% presented within six weeks of arrival in Qatar and only 2 patients presented later than eight weeks. These patients were thought to have contracted the infection in transit camps in India before immigration to Qatar.