bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The impact of alternative styles of policy leadership on the direction of local government reform
Authors: Wallis Joe , Dollery Brian 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAlongside public agencies and private firms, non‐profit organizations (NPOs) play a vital role in the delivery of human services in a number of advanced nations. The purpose of this paper is to advance a theory of leadership to try to explain how NPOs can overcome the various forms of voluntary sector failure described by Salamon.Design/methodology/approachExamines the conditions under which leadership style is likely to prevail and the influence they are likely to have on the direction of local government reform.FindingsAdvances a theory of leadership to better understand this problem and its implications for public policy.Originality/valueAdds to existing literature by demonstrating that leadership can ameliorate some kinds of voluntary sector failure.
Alternative paths to the transition process
Authors: Marangos John 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to develop alternative paths to the transition process as a result of alternative models of transition.Design/methodology/approachA political economy methodology to the transition process results in alternative transition models. As a result five alternative models of transition come into being.FindingsTransition models can be distinguished on the basis of economic analysis, speed and the political structure. Each model recommended a set of economic policies to facilitate the transition process. The adoption of gradualist processes of transition – except in the case of shock therapy – requires a sequence by which the reforms should be introduced.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the transition literature by developing a set of economic policies combined with a sequence path for each transition model.
Planning practices in the Greek ocean shipping industry
Authors: Koufopoulos Dimitrios N. , Lagoudis Ioannis N. , Pastra Aspasia 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo investigate and portray the nature and use of formal strategic planning in the Greek ocean shipping industry.Design/methodology/approachStudies carried out in well‐developed industrialised countries, predominantly in the manufacturing sector, have contributed significantly to a better understanding and development of the strategic planning field. Nevertheless, there is lack of research based on countries and sectors/industries that are less conventional in nature. The study attempts to shed some light on how shipping management companies (SMC) carried out strategic planning, through a cross‐sectional study based on a random sample of 34 Greek shipping organisations.FindingsThe main findings of the study concern the main planning dimensions: planning completeness, formality, internal and external orientation, CEO's involvement, planning horizons and revision frequencies.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provides a benchmark for the measurement of the development of strategic planning in an important service sector in Greece. In addition, it highlights the extent to which indigenous companies operating in a highly uncertain business environment adopt formal, structured and sophisticated planning approaches.Practical implicationsIt has been suggested that, if Greek shipping management companies are to obtain the full benefits of planning, systems should be developed which can accommodate advanced financial and scenario planning as well as other strategic tools and techniques. In addition the comprehensive education of the middle level management may contribute significantly to the deeper and timely understanding of the increasingly unpredictable external contingencies.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the existing voluminous literature on planning diffusion by discussing the adoption of planning practices in organisations that operate in a highly uncertain international environment.
Lay governance of New Zealand's schools
Authors: Robinson Viviane , Ward Lorrae 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study investigated the conceptions of governance that informed the practices of school trustees, and considered the extent to which those conceptions matched the policy imperatives that shaped New Zealand's school governance framework.Design/methodology/approachSemi‐structured interviews were undertaken with 32 participants in the governance of New Zealand primary schools. The interviews were structured around four scenarios that described the work of a hypothetical Board. For each scenario, the participants were asked to rate how well the Board did its job and then asked to explain their ratings.FindingsConceptions of good governance were dominated by concerns about the quality of relationships and the effectiveness and efficiency of task completion. There was little evidence that educational or democratic values shaped governance activity.Research limitations/implicationsThese findings were derived from a small sample of 32 participants, drawn from a disadvantaged, multi‐cultural community. While their generalizability to all New Zealand primary school should not be assumed, the similarity of these themes to those reported in prior New Zealand surveys suggests that this sample may not be atypical.Originality/valueThe originality of this study is that it presents a methodology for discovering the extent to which key policy ideas are reflected in the understanding of those who are intended to carry them out.
Creating schools as learning communities: obstacles and processes
Authors: Voulalas Zafiris D. , Sharpe Fenton G. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper sought to clarify the concept of learning organisation/community; to identify the barriers that are perceived to obstruct the creation of learning communities out of traditional schools; to identify how principals go about the task of converting their schools; and the special characteristics of leadership required to transform schools successfully.Design/methodology/approachThe study was dependent on an extensive review of the literature and generated data from structured interviews of principals from the New South Wales (Australia) public education system.FindingsRespondents lacked a clear understanding of a learning organisation despite their actions to implement the concept in their own schools; the concept may indeed be too abstract to enable a suitable workable definition; there is, nevertheless, a strong belief that the concept has much to offer; leadership is the key factor in transforming schools; and traditional school structures and cultures, lack of implementation time, and difficulty in obtaining the support of staff and parents are seen as the main barriers to implementation.Originality/valueThe paper explores extensively the possible implications of the study and addresses these to schools and school systems, principals, teachers and parents.
Sale the 7 Cs: teaching/training aid for the (e‐)retail mix
Authors: Dennis Charles , Fenech Tino , Merrilees Bill 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe “4Ps” of the marketing mix have long been popular with students, tutors, trainers and practitioners as a learning and teaching aid. The purpose of this paper is to present an equivalent tool for retail and e‐retail: “Sale the 7Cs”.Design/methodology/approachThe approach is by reference to and synthesis of other authors’ versions of the marketing, retail and e‐retail mixes, distilled into a simplified framework.FindingsThe findings or outcome of the study are summarised into a framework that has seven components, linked by the “C” mnemonic. Starting with C1 for convenience; the framework also includes C2 for customer value and benefit, C3 for cost to the customer, C4 for computing and category management, C5 for customer franchise, C6 for customer care and service and C7 for communication and customer relationships. This simplified mnemonic is new for (e‐)retail.Originality/valueMini case examples are used to illustrate the applicability. These have a practical value for trainers and educators as specimen answers to activity exercises. Retailers may find the convenient 7Cs structure useful when planning strategies and tactics.
Building brand webs
Authors: Rowley Jennifer 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis article undertakes a case study‐based analysis of the Tesco Clubcard loyalty scheme that seeks to re‐conceptualise the role of loyalty schemes by focusing on the role of loyalty schemes in branding and brand webs.Design/methodology/approachThe article takes a case study‐based approach. Tesco Clubcard has been chosen as the case under study, because it is a significant scheme, and because Tesco have a reputation for innovation in relation both to the use of technology and to approaches to delivering customer value. The analysis describes the features of Clubcard, with specific reference to the network of relationships facilitated through the scheme and the actual or potential value that Tesco and its partners, be they customers or other organisations, derive from the scheme.FindingsTesco Clubcard builds relationships on additional dimensions, through: the option to collect Clubcard points through transactions with other retailers; the option to use reward points with a range of leisure and associated outlets, and, the e‐loyalty element of the scheme accessible through the internet. This multidimensional approach to relationships builds a visible relationship web that is central to marketing communication and brand building associated with the Tesco brand. Both brand perceptions and experiences are built as customers make choices regarding the paths through which they will travel. The brand web operates at the three levels of experience, community, and customer data and knowledge.Originality/valueThe research question, “Do loyalty schemes work?”, needs to be reframed to encompass this extended model of the role of loyalty schemes, to surface questions associated with the effect of loyalty schemes on brand perceptions and associated consumer behaviour.
Gender issues in policing: do they matter?
Authors: Burke Ronald J. , Mikkelsen Aslaug 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis study aims to examine gender issues in a sample of male and female police officers in Norway.Design/methodology/approachThree gender issues were considered: perceptions of equal opportunity, possible reasons for differences in male and female career opportunities, and experiences of sexual harassment. Data were collected from 766 police officers in Norway using anonymous questionnaires, a 62 percent response rate.FindingsFemale officers indicated significantly lower levels of equal opportunity perceptions, more reasons for career opportunity differences (particularly discrimination), and more sexual harassment than did male officers. Female officers reporting lower levels of equal opportunity perceptions were less job‐satisfied, more cynical, rated their quality of leadership lower and indicated more health complaints. Female officers experiencing more sexual harassment also indicated less job satisfaction. Finally, female officers offering more reasons for career differences (particularly discrimination) reported less job satisfaction, and lower professional efficacy.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research needs to examine gender issues in policing in greater depth using qualitative methodology. Data collected used self‐reports ,raising the possibility of response set tendencies. Results may not generalize to other countries or other professions.Practical implicationsSuggestions for addressing gender issues in organizations are offered.Originality/valueProvides current information on consequences of gender issues in policing in a cross‐cultural context.
Telehealth adoption in hospitals:an organisational perspective
Authors: Gagnon Marie‐Pierre , Lamothe Lise , Fortin Jean‐Paul , Cloutier Alain , Godin Gaston , Gagné Camille , Reinharz Daniel 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the influence of hospitals’ organisational characteristics on telehealth adoption by health‐care centres involved in the extended telehealth network of Quebec (French acronym RQTE)Design/methodology/approachThe article is based on a review of the literature and a questionnaire, which was administered via telephone interviews to the 32 hospitals involved in the Extended Telehealth Network of Quebec. Contingency analyses were performed to determine which organisational factors have influenced telehealth adoption. Subsequently, a multiple case study was conducted among nine hospitals representative of different categories of telehealth adopters. In‐depth interviews with various actors involved in telehealth activities have permitted a deepening of one's understanding of the impact of clinical and administrative contexts on telehealth adoption.FindingsThe results from both the questionnaire and interviews support the observation made by Whitten and Adams in 2003 that telehealth programs are not isolated, but located within larger health organisations. Moreover, health‐care organisations are also positioned in a larger geographical, economical and socio‐political environment. Therefore, it is important to investigate the context in which telehealth projects are taking place prior to experimentation.Originality/valueThis study has highlighted the relevance of considering the characteristics and the dynamics of health‐care organisations at each stage of telehealth implementation in order to take their specific needs into account.
Implementing organizational learning initiatives
Authors: Yeo Roland 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper explores several key issues in organizational learning and their contributions to practice and policy. It determines the different stages of learning, crucial factors and performance outcomes associated with organizational learning.Design/methodology/approachFour Singapore organizations were studied, from which a total of 24 organizational learning practitioners representing both the private and public sectors were interviewed.FindingsQualitative data were presented in the form of excerpts from the respondents in support of the key research objectives as well as quantitatively through the number of mentions, a technique which is uncommon yet useful for an exploratory study.Research limitations/implicationsThe research was limited by the single geographical context, which might not adequately represent the Asian perspective. However, the paper provides room for continuation as the author introduces two other parts (for subsequent issues) that further detail implications for practice and policy based on the same study.Practical implicationsData revealed that: the complexity between the different levels of learning can be simplified by understanding the goals set at each level; and the relationship between learning and performance goes beyond tangible expectations.Originality/valueOf considerable value to practitioners is the discovery of several crucial factors influencing organizational learning and a list of possible learning outcomes ranked in order of importance; the ranking system being a unique technique helping practitioners in their decision‐making more effectively.
A guide to executive coaching
Authors: du Toit Angélique 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper introduces managers to the benefits of Executive Coaching as experienced by both the individual as well as the organization. It also recognises the difficulties purchasers of coaching may experience in selecting the appropriate coach for the individual or the organization.Design/methodology/approachIt introduces a brief guide, detailing what to look out for when selecting a coach. FindingsFindingsAs coaching is a relatively new profession, there are very few common standards and guidelines available in monitoring the quality of the training of the coaches and the maintenance of quality in delivery.Originality/valueThe paper introduces the benefits of coaching which will in turn support the selection process.
Airline flight deck management techniques applied to business
Authors: Berry David 
Published: July 2006

PurposeIntroduces Command Leadership and Resource Management (CLRM) and explains the application of this new and unusual method of transferring aviation related leadership skills to the commercial business environment.Design/methodology/approachCLRM is based on the theory of Kurt Lewin who stated that “People are a function of behavior and environment: change one and the other will change”. The observation and assessment of individuals’ reactions to environmental changes, the team's chemistry (action and reaction) and level of magnetism that keeps the team and the project on course through the application of airline flight deck management techniques.FindingsForces participants to observe and self assess their mental attributes and to physically test, stretch and employ latent leadership skills in a non artificial, non classroom based environment by facing issues and dynamics which occur daily in the workplace.Practical implicationsThe application of team related activities such as employee interactions and communicational tasks invoke and improve leadership skills at all levels of management to drive corporate aspirations to successful conclusions.Originality/valueTo the author's best knowledge and belief, the transfer of a mandatory form of aviation management training to the business world using a self contained environment to demonstrate this learning technique has not been previously practiced.
The evaluation of a planning tool through the landscape ecology concepts and methods
Authors: Franco Daniel , Bombonato Anna , Mannino Ilda , Ghetti Pierfrancesco , Zanetto Gabriele 
Published: July 2006

PurposeLandscape ecology represents an area of theoretical and empirical support of spatial planning, providing parameters such as heterogeneity, connectivity and fragmentation. The aim of this study was to use these parameters to evaluate the choices of a real planning tool to protect the biodiversity, to evaluate the applicability limits of concepts and methods used.Design/methodology/approachThis was achieved by analysing the selected spatial indices and their dependency scale, and by the comparison of these results with regard to spatial biotic parameters estimations (birds and mammals).FindingsThe study confirmed the scale's effect on the indices, unstable at the adopted resolution for extensions up to 6,000‐7,000 meters. The selected indices permitted appreciation of the low effectiveness of the real planning tool in improving conservation of biodiversity. The paper suggests that empirical studies and predictive knowledge at different scales are urgent in this field. To preserve biodiversity, the choices of planning scale should primarily comply with the spatial needs of the various species.Originality/valueEvaluates a real planning tool to protect biodiversity.
Eco‐intensity analysis as sustainability indicators related to energy and material flow
Authors: Amano Koji , Ebihara Misato 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAims to use simple ratios as sustainability indicators to evaluate the environmental intensity in local regions and industrial sectors. These ratios could be compared across regions and industrial sectors to give a comprehensive evaluation of sustainability.Design/methodology/approachA total of 16 industrial categories (agriculture, mining, food, fiber, pulp, chemical, coal and petrol, cement, steel, metal, non‐ferrous metals, construction, energy supply, transport, service, and commercial) were considered, using data from the national physical distribution census, the national and prefectural input‐output tables, and the comprehensive energy statistics for Japan in 1995. The objective environmental load items were carbon dioxide, nitric oxide, sulfuric oxide, and suspended particulate matter emissions.FindingsThe regions included all 47 Japanese prefectures and the data for each prefecture considered 16 industrial categories based on the national physical distribution census and national input‐output tables for 1995. The ratio of the primary energy supply to the total material input for service industries ranged from 0.1 to 0.5 TOE/103 ton for the 47 prefectures.Research limitations/implicationsNot all the variations in these sustainability indicators have yet been examined and there are probably other complicated relationships between sustainability and regional or industrial characteristics. More effort needs to be put into estimating eco‐efficiency or eco‐intensity, considering recycled energy or material utilization in order to develop a practical method of evaluating regional or industrial sustainability.Practical implicationsSeveral life cycle approaches used to quantify environmental efficiency related to energy and material flows were investigated as applications of life cycle tools in emerging markets, including the service industry and public sector.Originality/valueThe novelty of the investigation lies in analyzing detailed energy flow characteristics and in combining energy flow and material flow. Another objective of this paper is to present a current case‐study experience in one type of eco‐intensity analysis for Japanese service industries.
Impact from a superstore construction in Bartholomew's basin
Authors: Adel M.M. , Hossain M.T. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose is to study the possible environmental impact from a supercenter construction on a 313,643‐m2 land by the Bayou Bartholomew.Design/methodology/approachThe sources of information were field work, flood maps, flood models, 100 years of rainfall data, soil quality, water infiltration rate, and traffic flows in the areas around the supercenter. Rainfall data were used to find the frequency of flashfloods under different flood models. The supercenter center obstructs the virgin drainage of water down the bayou. Bernoulli's equation was used to estimate delays in the flashflood drainage following the constricted flow after the construction of the supercenter. Overloads of traffic flows on selected city roads in the event of submergence of the main road were studied.FindingsA total of eight major flashfloods per century occur. Bernoulli's theorem predicts flooding over wider areas and of longer duration. About 32,248 m3 of recharging of groundwater will be affected. Traffic loads will increase by about three times on the state highway 15 beside the supercenter. Rain‐drained automobile engine oil drips will cause bayou's water quality to deteriorate.Research limitations/implicationsPrediction needs to be checked during flashfloods occurrences. Water quality in the bayou upstream and downstream of the supercenter needs to be monitored.Practical implicationsPolicy makers in the city government and urban development will benefit from the findings.Originality/valueThe paper upholds the multifarious environmental problems and as such it is of interest to urban planners, farmers, water quality monitors, groundwater hydrologists, and businessmen who would like to serve the community.
A comparative map of macrochromosomes between chicken and Japanese quail based on orthologous genes
Authors: Sasazaki S. , Hinenoya T. , Lin B. , Fujiwara A. , Mannen H. 
Published: July 2006

SummaryIn order to develop a comparative map between chicken and quail, we identified orthologous gene markers based on chicken genomic sequences and localized them on the Japanese quail Kobe‐NIBS linkage map, which had previously been constructed with amplified fragment length polymorphisms. After sequencing the intronic regions of 168 genes located on chicken chromosomes 1–8, polymorphisms among Kobe‐NIBS quail family parents were detected in 51 genes. These orthologous markers were mapped on eight Japanese quail linkage groups (JQG), and they allowed the comparison of JQG to chicken macrochromosomes. The locations of the genes and their orders were quite similar between the two species except within a previously reported inversion on quail chromosome 2. Therefore, we propose that the respective quail linkage groups are macrochromosomes and designated as quail chromosomes CJA 1–8.