bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Genomewide screening of DNA copy number changes in chronic myelogenous leukemia with the use of high‐resolution array‐based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Hosoya Noriko , Sanada Masashi , Nannya Yasuhito , Nakazaki Kumi , Wang Lili , Hangaishi Akira , Kurokawa Mineo , Chiba Shigeru , Ogawa Seishi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractChronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) evolves from an indolent chronic phase (CP) characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome. Without effective therapy, it progresses to an accelerated phase (AP) and eventually to a fatal blast crisis (BC). To identify the genes involved in stage progression in CML, we performed a genomewide screening of DNA copy number changes in a total of 55 CML patients in different stages with the use of the high‐resolution array‐based comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) technique. We constructed Human 1M arrays that contained 3,151 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) DNAs, allowing for an average resolution of 1.0 Mb across the entire genome. In addition to common chromosomal abnormalities, array CGH analysis unveiled a number of novel copy number changes. These alterations included losses in 2q26.2–q37.3, 5q23.1–q23.3, 5q31.2–q32, 7p21.3–p11.2, 7q31.1–q31.33, 8pter‐p12(p11.2), 9p, and 22q13.1–q13.31 and gains in 3q26.2–q29, 6p22.3, 7p15.2–p14.3, 8p12, 8p21.3, 8p23.2, 8q24.13–q24.21, 9q, 19p13.2–p12, and 22q13.1–q13.32 and occurred at a higher frequency in AP and BC. Minimal copy number changes affecting even a single BAC locus were also identified. Our data suggests that at least a proportion of CML patients carry still‐unknown cryptic genomic alterations that could affect a gene or genes of importance in the disease progression of CML. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045‐2257/suppmat. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocampal cell proliferation is reduced following prenatal ethanol exposure but can be rescued with voluntary exercise
Authors: Redila Van A. , Olson Andrea K. , Swann Sarah E. , Mohades Gisou , Webber Alina J. , Weinberg Joanne , Christie Brian R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe ingestion of ethanol during pregnancy has a number of deleterious consequences for the unborn offspring, producing structural and functional deficits that affect the brain and many other organs into adulthood. The hippocampus is a brain area that is particularly sensitive to ethanol's adverse effects. In a previous study we showed that voluntary exercise can ameliorate deficits in long‐term potentiation and behavior that occur following prenatal ethanol exposure (Eur J Neurosci, 2005, 21, 1719–1726). In the present study, we investigated the effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on neurogenesis in adulthood, and tested the hypothesis that voluntary exercise would ameliorate any deficits observed. Sprague‐Dawley females were administered one of three diets throughout gestation: (i) ethanol (E), a liquid diet containing 36.5% ethanol‐derived calories; (ii) pair‐fed (PF), a liquid control diet, with maltose‐dextrin isocalorically substituted for ethanol, in the amount consumed by an E partner (g/kg body wt/day of gestation); and (iii) ad‐libitum‐fed control (C), normal laboratory chow and water, ad libitum. The offspring were housed individually at postnatal day (PND) 35, and at PND 50 were randomly assigned to cages either with or without an exercise wheel. BrdU (200 mg/kg, I.P.) was injected on PND 57, and animals terminated either 24 h (proliferation) or 4 weeks (neurogenesis) later. Our results demonstrate that prenatal ethanol exposure significantly decreases both cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult dentate gyrus. Animals in the PF condition also showed reduced neurogenesis. In contrast, all animals that engaged in voluntary exercise showed a significant increase in cell proliferation and neurogenesis. These results indicate that prenatal ethanol exposure can suppress both cell proliferation and neurogenesis, and that these effects may be, at least in part, nutritionally mediated. Importantly, voluntary exercise appears to have beneficial effects for these long‐lasting deficits in hippocampal volume and cell number that have been observed in animals exposed to ethanol in utero. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cancer incidence among pesticide applicators exposed to metolachlor in the Agricultural Health Study
Authors: Rusiecki Jennifer A. , Hou Lifang , Lee Won Jin , Blair Aaron , Dosemeci Mustafa , Lubin Jay H. , Bonner Matthew , Samanic Claudine , Hoppin Jane A. , Sandler Dale P. , Alavanja Michael C.R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMetolachlor is one of the most widely used herbicides in the United States. We evaluated the incidence of cancer among pesticide applicators exposed to metolachlor in the Agricultural Health Study, a prospective cohort study of licensed pesticide applicators in Iowa and North Carolina. A total of 50,193 pesticide applicators were included. Detailed information on pesticide exposure and lifestyle factors was obtained from self‐administered enrollment questionnaires completed between 1993 and 1997; average length of follow‐up was 7.33 years. Two metolachlor exposure metrics were used : (i) lifetime days personally mixed or applied metolachlor and (ii) intensity‐weighted lifetime days (lifetime days × an intensity level). Poisson regression analysis was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for cancer subtypes by tertiles of metolachlor exposure. No clear risk for any cancer subtype was found for exposure to metolachlor. A significantly decreased RR was found for prostate cancer in the highest category of lifetime days exposure (RR = 0.59; 95%CI, 0.39–0.89) and in the second highest category of intensity‐weighted lifetime days exposure (RR = 0.66; 95%CI, 0.45–0.97); however, the test for trend was not significant for either exposure metric. A nonsignificantly increased risk was found for lung cancer with lifetime days exposure in the highest category (RR = 2.37; 95%CI, 0.97–5.82, p‐trend = 0.03) but not with intensity‐weighted lifetime days. Given the widespread use of metolachlor and the frequent detection of metolachlor in both surface and ground water, future analyses of the AHS will allow further examination of long‐term health effects, including lung cancer and the less common cancers. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fruits and vegetables and renal cell carcinoma: Findings from the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC)
Authors: Weikert Steffen , Boeing Heiner , Pischon Tobias , Olsen Anja , Tjonneland Anne , Overvad Kim , Becker Nikolaus , Linseisen Jacob , Lahmann Petra H. , Arvaniti Athina , Kassapa Christina , Trichoupoulou Antonia , Sieri Sabina , Palli Domenico , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Panico Salvatore , van Gils Carla H. , Peeters Petra H. M. , Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. Bas , Büchner Frederike L. , Ljungberg Börje , Hallmans Göran , Berglund Göran , Wirfält Elisabet , Pera Guillem , Dorronsoro Miren , Gurrea Aurelio Barricarte , Navarro Carmen , Martinez Carmen , Quirós J. Ramón , Allen Naomi , Roddam Andrew , Bingham Sheila , Jenab Mazda , Slimani Nadia , Norat Teresa , Riboli Elio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe examined the association between fruits and vegetables and risk of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Dietary intake data and complete follow‐up information on cancer incidence were available for 375,851 participants recruited in EPIC centers of 8 countries. During an average follow‐up of 6.2 years, 306 incident cases of RCC were identified. The associations of consumption of total vegetables, total fruits, combined total fruits and vegetables and specific subtypes of vegetables with RCC risk were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards, stratified by centre and adjusted for potential confounders. No significant associations between fruit and vegetable consumption and RCC risk were observed despite a wide range of intake. The estimated relative risks (95% confidence intervals [CI]) in men and women combined were 0.97 (0.85–1.11) per 40 g increase in vegetable intake, 1.03 (0.97–1.08) per 40 g increase in fruit intake and 1.02 (0.93–1.11) per 80 g increase in fruit and vegetable intake combined. Among the vegetable subtypes, an inverse association was observed for root vegetables (RR per 8 g increase: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.78–0.99). These results suggest that total consumption of fruits and vegetables is not related to risk of RCC, although we cannot exclude the possibility that very low consumption is related to higher risk. The relationship of specific fruit and vegetable subgroups with RCC risk warrant further investigation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron and colorectal cancer risk in the α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene cancer prevention study
Authors: Cross Amanda J. , Gunter Marc J. , Wood Richard J. , Pietinen Pirjo , Taylor Philip R. , Virtamo Jarmo , Albanes Demetrius , Sinha Rashmi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn vitro and in vivo studies have associated iron with both the initiation and promotional stages of carcinogenesis. We investigated whether iron was associated with colorectal cancer in a nested case‐control study within the α‐tocopherol, β‐carotene cancer prevention study cohort. Exposure was assessed at baseline, using a 276‐item food frequency questionnaire and a fasting serum sample. The study included 130 colorectal cancer cases (73 colon cancers and 57 rectal cancers) and 260 controls. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Supplemental iron intake was only reported for 4 cases and 18 controls; therefore, we were unable to obtain meaningful results for this variable. Comparing the highest to the lowest quartiles, there was an inverse association between serum ferritin and colorectal cancer risk (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.2–0.9) and a suggestion of an inverse association between dietary iron and colorectal cancer risk (OR = 0.4, 95% CI = 0.1–1.1). In addition, serum ferritin, serum iron and transferrin saturation were all inversely associated with colon cancer risk specifically (OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.7, p trend = 0.02; OR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1–0.9, p trend = 0.05; OR = 0.1, 95% CI = 0.02–0.5, p trend = 0.003, respectively), whereas serum unsaturated iron binding capacity was positively associated with colon cancer risk (OR = 4.7, 95% CI = 1.4–15.1, p trend = 0.009). In summary, we found a significant inverse association between several serum iron indices and colon cancer risk. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognostic impact of hematogenous tumor cell dissemination in patients with stage II colorectal cancer
Authors: Koch Moritz , Kienle Peter , Kastrati Dorejd , Antolovic Dalibor , Schmidt Jan , Herfarth Christian , von Knebel Doeberitz Magnus , Weitz Jürgen 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAdjuvant chemotherapy is not routinely recommended in patients with colorectal cancer stage UICC II. Some of these patients, however, develop recurrent disease. Therefore, valid prognostic criteria are needed to identify high‐risk patients who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. Disseminated tumor cells, detected in blood and bone marrow, may prove to be a valid marker, however, the prognostic relevance of these cells remains debated. In our study, we examined the prognostic significance of disseminated tumor cells in blood and bone marrow of patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Ninety patients with potentially curative (R0) resection of colorectal cancer stage II were prospectively enrolled into the study. Bone marrow and blood samples were examined for disseminated tumor cells by CK 20 RT‐PCR. Patient, tumor and treatment factors were analyzed as prognostic factors. Multivariate analysis confirmed tumor cell detection in blood (hazard ratio 2.1,p= 0.03) and T‐category (hazard ratio 2.2,p= 0.02) to be independent prognostic factors for relapse‐free survival. Tumor cell detection in postoperative blood samples (hazard ratio 7.7,p< 0.001) and number of removed lymph nodes (hazard ratio 6.4,p< 0.001) were independent prognostic factors for disease‐specific survival. Detection of circulating tumor cells in blood samples of patients with stage II colorectal cancer identifies patients with poor outcome. This finding should be confirmed by further studies and could then be used as a basis for conducting a randomized trial evaluating the effect of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II patients. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Air pollution and childhood cancer: A review of the epidemiological literature
Authors: Raaschou‐Nielsen Ole , Reynolds Peggy 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe authors evaluated support in the literature for the hypothesis that ambient air pollution causes childhood cancer. The PubMed database was searched for original articles, which were reviewed for evidence of a relation with the main types of childhood cancer, using criteria including sample size, magnitude and precision of relative risk estimates, presence of a dose–response pattern and potential for bias. The hypothesis has been studied almost entirely with respect to traffic‐related air pollution. Since derivation of the hypothesis from 2 case–control studies in Denver, USA, two further case–control studies have provided new positive evidence and 4 case–control and 7 ecological studies mainly negative evidence. The 4 case–control studies providing positive evidence were relatively small and tended to have more methodological limitations than those showing no association. Publication bias is possible. The weight of the epidemiological evidence indicates no increased risk for childhood cancer associated with exposure to traffic‐related residential air pollution. Nevertheless, the limited number of studies, the methodological limitations of both positive and negative studies and the absence of consistency in the results obviate a firm conclusion of no effect. In particular, nondifferential misclassification of exposure might have masked true, weak associations. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo biostability of polysiloxane polyether polyurethanes: Resistance to metal ion oxidation
Authors: Ward Bob , Anderson James , Ebert Mike , McVenes Rick , Stokes Ken 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPolyether polyurethanes are subject to oxidation catalyzed by and through direct (redox) reaction with transition metal ions (cobalt), released by corrosion of metallic parts in an implanted device. Replacing part of the polyether with polysiloxane appears to reduce susceptibility to metal ion oxidation (MIO). In vitro studies indicated that polyurethanes containing 20–35% polysiloxane (PS‐20 and PS‐35) are about optimum. We implanted tubing samples containing cobalt mandrels in the subcutis of rabbits for periods up to 2 years. After 2 years, only traces of microscopic cracks were seen on half the PS‐35 samples, PS‐20 significantly delayed MIO, while the polysiloxane‐free control was very severely degraded. Infrared spectroscopy established that polyether soft segment oxidation was occurring in PS‐20. We could not directly evaluate oxidation in PS‐35 because siloxane bands mask the aliphatic ether. Indirect FTIR evidence suggests that there is very slight polyether oxidation that develops early, and then seems to stabilize. The molecular weight of degraded PS‐20 decreased. That of microcracked PS‐35 decreased negligibly while that of undamaged PS‐35 increased slightly after 2‐year in vivo. The polysiloxane‐free control was profoundly degraded. PS‐20 has much improved MIO resistance, while that for PS‐35 is highly MIO resistant compared with its polysiloxane‐free control. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Biodegradable polymeric microspheres and nanospheres for drug delivery in the peritoneum
Authors: Kohane Daniel S. , Tse Julie Y. , Yeo Yoon , Padera Robert , Shubina Maria , Langer Robert 
Published: January 2006

AbstractDrug delivery to the peritoneum is hampered by rapid clearance, and could be improved by application of controlled release technology. We investigated the suitability for peritoneal use of micro‐ and nanoparticles of poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic) acid (PLGA), a biodegradable polymer with generally excellent biocompatibility commonly used for controlled drug release. We injected 90 kDa PLGA microparticles, 5–250 μm in diameter, into the murine peritoneum, in dosages of 10–100 mg (n = 3–5 per group). We found a high incidence of polymeric residue and adhesions 2 weeks after injection (e.g., 50 mg of 5‐μm microparticles caused adhesions in 83% of animals). Histology revealed chronic inflammation, with foreign body giant cells prominent with particles >5 μm in diameter. Five micrometer microspheres made from 54, 57, and 10 kDa PLGA (gamma irradiated) caused fewer adhesions (16.7%) with a similar incidence of residue. Nanoparticles (265 nm) of 90 kDa PLGA also caused much fewer adhesions (6.3% of animals), possibly because they were cleared from the peritoneum within 2 days, and sequestered in the spleen and liver, where foamy macrophages were noted. The effect of sterilization technique on the incidence of adhesion formation is also studied. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2006
Investigation of kinetics of iso‐octane ignition under scramjet conditions
Authors: Kahandawala Moshan S. P. , Corera Shehan A. P. , Williams Skip , Carter Campbell D. , Sidhu Sukh S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA single pulse reflected shock tube was used to investigate iso‐octane ignition over the temperature range of 900–1400 K at a pressure of ∼1 atm. To account for the anticipated long ignition delay times at the lower temperatures, long shock tube dwell times (∼12 ms) at lower temperature and near atmospheric pressure were achieved by using argon–helium mix as a driver gas. Chemical thermometer experiments were conducted to remove any uncertainties in determining postreflected shock temperatures. The ignition delay data obtained in this study are in good agreement (in the overlap region) with the iso‐octane ignition data from a previous shock tube study. However, the activation energy of iso‐octane ignition obtained in this study in the lower temperature region (<1300 K) is significantly smaller (∼15 kcal vs. ∼40 kcal) than that obtained in a previous higher temperature study. The deflagration may be responsible for lowering of activation energy under the conditions of this study. Two detailed iso‐octane kinetic models (Air Force Research Laboratory—AFRL and Curran et al.) were used to model the experimental results of this study. The AFRL mechanism showed a good agreement with the experimental iso‐octane ignition delays and their temperature dependence. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 194–201, 2006
DFT Study of substituent effects of 2‐substituted alkyl ethyl methylcarbonates in homogeneous, unimolecular gas phase elimination kinetics
Authors: Añez Rafael , Herize Armando , Sierraalta Aníbal , Cordova Tania , Chuchani Gabriel 
Published: January 2006

AbstractTheoretical studies on the gas phase elimination of 2‐substituted alkyl ethyl methylcarbonates were performed at the B3LYP/6‐31G* and B3LYP/6‐31+G** level of theory. The results of these calculations provide additional evidence that the mechanism of carbonates with a CβH bond proceeds through a concerted nonsynchronous six‐membered cyclic transition state to produce methylcarbonic acid and the corresponding olefin. The unstable intermediate, methylcarbonic acid, rapidly decomposes through a four‐membered cyclic transition state to methanol and carbon dioxide. The correlation of the logarithm of theoretical rate coefficients against Hancock's steric parameters E gave an approximate straight line (δ = 0.30, r = 0.996 at 400°C). An additional fact is that when experimental log kre.l is plotted against the theoretical log kre.l. for 2‐alkyl ethyl methylcarbonates an approximate straight line (r = 0.997 at 400°C) is obtained. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 184–193, 2006
Ammonium‐Functionalized Polydimethylsiloxanes: Synthesis and Properties
Authors: Novi Christina , Mourran Ahmed , Keul Helmut , Möller Martin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Polydimethylsiloxane with trimethylammonium end groups and polydimethylsiloxane with diethylmethylammonium groups in the main chain was prepared by two routes. A novel carbonate coupler – (2‐oxo‐1,3‐dioxolan‐4‐yl) methyl phenyl carbonate – and the amine compounds α,ω‐(3‐aminopropyl) polydimethylsiloxane, 3‐(dimethylamino)‐1‐propylamine, and bis(2‐amino ethyl)amine served as the starting materials. The polymers obtained are hydrophobic and contain ammonium groups suitable for interaction with negatively charged surfaces. Thus these materials can be used for special surface modifications. Thin films were prepared by spin‐coating. Their morphology and properties were determined by means of optical microscopy, SFM, and contact angle measurements. The particle size distribution in aqueous solution of the vesicles formed was determined by means of a laser scattering technique; the particle sizes determined correspond to those obtained by optical microscopy. Finally, the antibacterial effects of these polymers with hydrophobic and cationic groups were tested.α,ω‐Diammonium octadimethylsiloxane molecule (6), an SFM phase image for a spin‐coated film of 6 on a silicon wafer, and a scheme of the way the molecules stack on the surface.magnified imageα,ω‐Diammonium octadimethylsiloxane molecule (6), an SFM phase image for a spin‐coated film of 6 on a silicon wafer, and a scheme of the way the molecules stack on the surface.
Activation of rac‐Me2Si(ind)2ZrCl2 by Methylalumoxane Modified by Aluminum Alkyls: An EPR Spin‐Probe, 1H NMR, and Polymerization Study
Authors: Bryliakov Konstantin P. , Semikolenova Nina V. , Panchenko Valentina N. , Zakharov Vladimir A. , Brintzinger Hans H. , Talsi Evgenii P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: Solutions containing mixtures of methylalumoxane (MAO) and iBu3Al give rise to 1H NMR signals indicative of the presence of the mixed alkyl aluminum dimers iBu2Al(µ‐Me)2AliBu2 and of mixed clusters of the type (AlMe(1 + 2x − y)iBuyO(1 − x))n. These mixed clusters, as well as related species present in solutions containing either MAO–Et3Al or commercially available modified MAO (MMAO), appear to have stronger Lewis acidic sites and greater hydrodynamic radii than comparable clusters present in solutions of MAO alone, as judged from EPR signals observed in these solutions upon addition of TEMPO. When (SBI)ZrCl2 (SBI = rac‐Me2Si(ind)2) is reacted with one of these mixed activator reagents, the mixed heterobinuclear cation [(SBI)Zr(µ‐Me)2AlMeiBu]+ appears to be formed, together with its methyl counterpart [(SBI)Zr(µ‐Me)2AlMe2]+, which is normally predominant in the (SBI)ZrCl2/MAO system at [Al]MAO/[Zr] ratios above 100. In the presence of iBu3Al, the formation of heterobinuclear cations is suppressed in favor of ion pairs containing the cation [(SBI)ZrMe]+ in contact with a (MAO–TIBA)‐derived counter anion. The greater reactivity of these contact‐ion pairs, as compared to the normally prevalent AlMe3 adducts, as well as an increased Lewis acidity of MMAO, and the ensuing decreased coordination ability of the [Me‐(MAO–TIBA)]− counter ion as compared to [Me‐MAO]−, are likely to contribute to the positive effects of TIBA additions on the co‐catalytic activity of MAO.
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