bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medicaid's role in alleviating some of the financial burden of abortion: Findings from the 2021–2022 Abortion Patient Survey
Authors: Jones Rachel K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundMedicaid is the most common type of health insurance held by abortion patients, but the Hyde amendment prohibits the use of Medicaid to pay for this care. Seventeen states allow state Medicaid funds to cover abortion.MethodsWe used data from a national sample of 6698 people accessing abortions at 56 facilities across the United States between June 2021 and July 2022. We compare patient characteristics and issues related to payment for the abortion across patients residing in states where state Medicaid funds covered abortion (Medicaid states) and those where it did not (Hyde states). We also examine which abortion patient populations were most likely to use Medicaid in states where it covers abortion care.ResultsIn Medicaid states, 62% of respondents used this method to pay for care while a majority of individuals in Hyde states, 82%, paid out of pocket. Some 71% of respondents in Medicaid states paid USD0 and this was substantially lower, 10%, in Hyde states. In Hyde states, two‐thirds of respondents had to raise money for the abortion (e.g., by delaying bills) compared to 28% in Medicaid states. Within Medicaid states, groups most likely to rely on this method of payment included respondents who identified as Black (70%) or Latinx (66%), those in the lowest income group (78%) and those having second‐trimester abortions (75%).DiscussionWhen state Medicaid funds cover abortion, it substantially reduces the financial burden of care. Moreover, it may increase access for groups historically marginalized within the health care system.
“I wouldn't have felt so alone”: The sexual health education experiences of transgender and gender diverse youth living in the southeastern United States
Authors: Jayne Paula E. , Szucs Leigh E. , Lesesne Catherine A. , Grose Rose Grace , Johns Michelle M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTransgender and gender diverse youth experience multiple disproportionate adverse sexual health outcomes. Sexual health education teaches knowledge, attitudes, and skills for promoting sexual health, including reducing risk for sexually transmitted infection, HIV acquisition, and unintended pregnancy. Provision of sexual health education may be protective, but research remains scarce.MethodsWe conducted a multi‐stage thematic analysis of 33 in‐depth interviews among transgender and gender diverse youth (ages 15–24) living in the southeastern United States on their sexual health education experiences.ResultsOur study participants described school‐based sexual health education as unhelpful due to a lack of relevant information, inadequately prepared teachers, and a perceived negative tone toward sexuality. They reported relying on online sources of sexual health information, finding relevant content and community despite some limitations. Participants desired content and pedagogy that expands beyond binary and white‐centric presentations of sexuality and gender and sought resources that provide relevant, accurate, and judgment‐free information while holding positive framing around sexuality and gender.ConclusionThere is much work needed to improve the breadth, quality, and relevance of school‐based sexual health education. Sexual health education can improve by strengthening critical media literacy skills of youth; raising staff cultural competency on gender, race, and sexual identity through training and supports; using culturally relevant and inclusive curricula; and partnering with community‐based organizations. Transgender and gender diverse youth would benefit from sexual health education from multiple sources which is queer‐friendly, affirms their existence, and provides information on gender, race, and sexuality in positive and expansive ways.
Interaction of blood calcium with milk yield, energy metabolites, subclinical mastitis, and reproductive performance in crossbred dairy cows
Authors: Khan Shah Murad , Khan Rifat Ullah , Naz Shabana , Alrefaei Abdulwahed Fahad , Tufarelli Vincenzo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLimited literature is available on the consequences of postpartum low blood calcium (Ca) concentration in crossbred cows. The research aimed to investigate the correlation between postpartum serum Ca levels and various parameters, including milk yield, serum energy metabolites, milk somatic cell count, and reproductive factors in crossbred cows. Following parturition, a total of 45 potential high‐yielding F2 (HF × Sahiwal; Genotype: 75:25) dairy cows were enrolled . These cows were categorized based on plasma calcium concentrations into three groups: a low calcium group (Ca‐L) with a calcium concentration of <5 mg/dL, a medium calcium group (Ca‐M) with a calcium concentration ranging from 5 to 8.5 mg/dL, and a high calcium group (Ca‐H) with a calcium concentration exceeding 8.5 mg/dL. The study parameters were measured over an 8‐week period. The results indicated that overall milk yield and blood glucose were significantly higher in the Ca‐H group compared to Ca‐M and Ca‐L (p < .01). Blood cholesterol was significantly higher in Ca‐M (p < .01), while blood triglyceride was significantly lower in both Ca‐M and Ca‐H. Overall, blood cortisol did not show a significant change between these groups (p < .01); however, progesterone levels were higher (p < .01) in Ca‐M and Ca‐H cows. Furthermore, somatic cell count (SCC) significantly (p < .01) decreased in cows with Ca‐H compared to Ca‐L. Additionally, postpartum oestrous interval and interestrus interval decreased significantly (p < .01) in Ca‐M and Ca‐H compared to Ca‐L. These findings suggest that cows with blood calcium levels exceeding 8.5 mg/dL exhibited significantly higher milk yield, blood metabolite levels, a lower likelihood of subclinical mastitis, and earlier reproductive activity after calving.
In the footstep of the old patient from hospital to home: A qualitative field observation study
Authors: Beck Sanne Have , Eilertsen Grethe , Andersen‐Ranberg Karen , Janssens Astrid , Nielsen Dorthe Susanne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundOlder people often have multiple health conditions and therefore extended care needs. The transition from the hospital back to their home requires careful planning. The fragmented healthcare system and rapid discharge from the hospital can result in limited involvement of the older patient in the discharge planning process. We aimed to explore how older hospitalised patients experienced the transition from hospital to home and how possibilities and constraints in interactions with relevant parties in the transition affected their everyday lives.MethodAn ethnographic participant observation study including interviews was conducted with 10 older hospitalised patients. The theoretical perspective in the study is critical psychology and data were analysed using the condition‐, meaning‐ and reasoning analysis.ResultsThree themes were identified: (1) Lost in transition – the person's ability to act is limited, (2) In transition – the relatives become important, (3) At home – the home transforms into a workplace.ConclusionLack of involvement becomes a condition for older patients as some struggle to create meaning in their transition, affecting their everyday lives. The patients experienced their relatives as important as they ensured that the HCPs got to know their values and wishes. This knowledge is important for HCPs working closely with older people both at the hospital and at home ensuring active involvement of the older person with respect and acknowledgement of the older person's wishes, needs, resources and vulnerability.
The effect of repeated concussions on clinical and neurocognitive symptom severity in different contact sports
Authors: Glaser Jennifer , Jaeckle Sarah , Beblo Thomas , Mueller Gerhard , Eidenmueller Andreas M. , Schulz Philipp , Schmehl Ingo , Rogge Witold , Hollander Karsten , Toepper Max , Gonschorek Andreas S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe potential consequences of repeated concussions in sport are well documented. However, it remains unclear whether the cumulative impact of sports‐related concussions differs between different contact sports. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to investigate the cumulative effects of sports‐related concussions on clinical and neurocognitive health in different contact sports.Materials and MethodsIn a prospective multicenter study, we examined 507 (74 females) active professional athletes between 18 and 40 years of age from five different contact sports (soccer, handball, American football, basketball, and ice hockey). Data collection involved concussion history, clinical symptom evaluation, neurocognitive assessment, and the collection of other sports‐related information. Composite scores were built for clinical symptoms (such as neck pain and balance disturbances) and for neurocognitive symptoms (such as memory and attention impairments).ResultsAthletes having suffered 3+ concussions in the past showed disproportionally higher clinical symptom severity than athletes with less than three concussions across all sports. The level of clinical symptom burden in athletes with 3+ concussions indicated mild impairment. The number of past concussions did not affect neurocognitive performance.DiscussionRepeated sports‐related concussions appear to have a cumulative impact on clinical—but not cognitive—symptom severity. Although clinical symptom burden in athletes with 3+ concussions in the past was not alarmingly high yet in our sample, increased caution should be advised at this point. Despite few exceptions, results are similar for different contact sports, suggesting a similar multidisciplinary concussion management across all types of sport.
Indentured: Benefit deductions, debt recovery and welfare disciplining
Authors: Edmiston Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe UK social security system performs an important role as a creditor and debt collector for many benefit claimants, with more affected by deductions than formal welfare conditionality or sanctions. Deductions, then, are central to understanding low‐income life in the UK. With that in mind, this paper draws on a mixed‐methods project to explore the policy rationale, administration and effects of benefit deductions at a particular moment of crisis. Through new analysis of statistical releases, I evidence increasing indebtedness and an Inverse Care Law, whereby UK social security performs worst for those who need it most. Drawing on qualitative longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork conducted at the height of the cost‐of‐living crisis, I also evidence how deductions affect the lives and trajectories of low‐income claimants over time. The analysis offered details how deductions weaponize debt, often in ways that financialise benefit claimants and their entitlements that prove counter‐productive to the stated policy objectives of deductions: worsening the poverty‐debt trap and pushing people (further) away from the labour market.
Multi‐scale analysis of heat stress acclimation in Arabidopsis seedlings highlights the primordial contribution of energy‐transducing organelles
Authors: Réthoré Elise , Pelletier Sandra , Balliau Thierry , Zivy Michel , Avelange‐Macherel Marie‐Hélène , Macherel David 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARYMuch progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant adaptation to heat stress. However, the great diversity of models and stress conditions, and the fact that analyses are often limited to a small number of approaches, complicate the picture. We took advantage of a liquid culture system in which Arabidopsis seedlings are arrested in their development, thus avoiding interference with development and drought stress responses, to investigate through an integrative approach seedlings' global response to heat stress and acclimation. Seedlings perfectly tolerate a noxious heat shock (43°C) when subjected to a heat priming treatment at a lower temperature (38°C) the day before, displaying a thermotolerance comparable to that previously observed for Arabidopsis. A major effect of the pre‐treatment was to partially protect energy metabolism under heat shock and favor its subsequent rapid recovery, which was correlated with the survival of seedlings. Rapid recovery of actin cytoskeleton and mitochondrial dynamics were another landmark of heat shock tolerance. The omics confirmed the role of the ubiquitous heat shock response actors but also revealed specific or overlapping responses to priming, heat shock, and their combination. Since only a few components or functions of chloroplast and mitochondria were highlighted in these analyses, the preservation and rapid recovery of their bioenergetic roles upon acute heat stress do not require extensive remodeling of the organelles. Protection of these organelles is rather integrated into the overall heat shock response, thus allowing them to provide the energy required to elaborate other cellular responses toward acclimation.
Inhibition of Autophagy Alters Intracellular Transport of APP Resulting in Increased APP Processing
Authors: Mayer Johanna , Boeck Dominik , Werner Michelle , Frankenhauser Daniela , Geley Stephan , Farhan Hesso , Shimozawa Makoto , Nilsson Per 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTAlzheimer's disease (AD) pathology is characterized by amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques and dysfunctional autophagy. Aβ is generated by sequential proteolytic cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP), and the site of intracellular APP processing is highly debated, which may include autophagosomes. Here, we investigated the involvement of autophagy, including the role of ATG9 in APP intracellular trafficking and processing by applying the RUSH system, which allows studying the transport of fluorescently labeled mCherry‐APP‐EGFP in a systematic way, starting from the endoplasmic reticulum. HeLa cells, expressing the RUSH mCherry‐APP‐EGFP system, were investigated by live cell imaging, immunofluorescence, and Western blot. We found that mCherry‐APP‐EGFP passed through the Golgi faster in ATG9 knockout cells. Furthermore, ATG9 deletion shifted mCherry‐APP‐EGFP from early endosomes and lysosomes toward the plasma membrane concomitant with reduced endocytosis. Importantly, this alteration in mCherry‐APP‐EGFP transport resulted in increased secreted mCherry‐soluble APP and C‐terminal fragment‐EGFP. These effects were also phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of ULK1, indicating that autophagy is regulating the intracellular trafficking and processing of APP. These findings contribute to the understanding of the role of autophagy in APP metabolism and could potentially have implications for new therapeutic approaches for AD.
Ultrasonographic measurements of the normal adrenal glands in guinea pigs (Cavia Porcellus)
Authors: Sainato Domenico , Pelligra Tina , Puccinelli Caterina , Petrini Daniele , Citi Simonetta 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHyperadrenocorticism is an uncommon but important endocrine disease in guinea pigs, but due to its subtle clinical signs and the limited information in veterinary literature, it can be underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed. Ultrasound of the adrenal glands in patients with suspected hyperadrenocorticism can help in identifying adrenomegaly. The purpose of this prospective study was to identify ultrasonographic adrenal gland dimensions in presumed healthy guinea pigs using the same standardized method described for dogs and cats. A conscious ultrasound scan was conducted on twenty client‐owned, presumed healthy guinea pigs, and their adrenal glands were measured. A possible correlation between adrenal dimensions with age, sex, and body weight was investigated. The mean length, cranial and caudal pole thickness for the left and right adrenal glands were, respectively, 12.64 ± 2.11 mm and 11.55 ± 1.52 mm; 4.83 mm ± 1.03 mm and 4.69 ± 1.34 mm; 4.8 ± 1.23 mm and 4.04 ± 0.75 mm. The thickness of the left caudal pole was significantly higher than the right (P = 0.02). A significant positive correlation was found between the length of the left adrenal gland and both age (r = 0.46; P = .03) and weight (r = 0.59; P = .01). Statistical correlation between the thickness of each cranial and caudal pole, with age, sex, or weight, was not found. The dimensions provided could prove a useful tool in the clinical evaluation of guinea pigs with suspected hyperadrenocorticism.
Psychosis with use of amphetamine drugs, methylphenidate and atomoxetine in adolescent and adults
Authors: Hamard Jacques , Rousseau Vanessa , Durrieu Geneviève , Garcia Philippe , Yrondi Antoine , Sommet Agnès , Revet Alexis , Montastruc François 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundUse of psychostimulants and relative drugs has increased worldwide in treatment of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents and adults. Recent studies suggest a potential association between use of psychostimulants and psychotic symptoms. The risk may not be the same between different psychostimulants.ObjectiveTo assess whether amphetamine or atomoxetine use is associated with a higher risk of reporting symptoms of psychosis than methylphenidate use in adolescents and adults, particularly in patients with ADHD.MethodsUsing VigiBase, the WHO’s pharmacovigilance database, disproportionality of psychotic symptoms reporting was assessed among adverse drug reactions related to methylphenidate, atomoxetine and amphetamines, from January 2004 to December 2018, in patients aged 13–25 years. The association between psychotic symptoms and psychostimulants was estimated through the calculation of reporting OR (ROR).FindingsAmong 13 863 reports with at least one drug of interest, we found 221 cases of psychosis with methylphenidate use, 115 with atomoxetine use and 169 with a prescription of an amphetamine drug. Compared with methylphenidate use, amphetamine use was associated with an increased risk of reporting psychotic symptoms (ROR 1.61 (95% CI 1.26 to 2.06)]. When we restricted the analysis to ADHD indication, we found a close estimate (ROR 1.94 (95% CI 1.43 to 2.64)). No association was found for atomoxetine.ConclusionOur study suggests that amphetamine use is associated with a higher reporting of psychotic symptoms, compared with methylphenidate use.Clinical implicationsThe prescription of psychostimulants should consider this potential adverse effect when assessing the benefit–risk balance.
Association of blood eosinophils with corticosteroid treatment failure stratified by smoking status among inpatients with AECOPD
Authors: Li Jiachen , Zuo Yingting , Feng Lin , Cai Yutong Samuel , Su Jian , Tong Zhaohui , Liang Lirong 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundRecent studies have suggested elevated blood eosinophils are independent predictors of response to corticosteroid therapy in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Smoking status has been shown to affect corticosteroid response. Whether the association between high blood eosinophils and corticosteroid treatment failure is modified by smoking has not been fully investigated so far.ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess whether the association between high blood eosinophils and corticosteroid treatment failure is modified by smoking.MethodsWe included 3402 inpatients with AECOPD treated with corticosteroids at Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital from July 2013 to June 2021. Blood eosinophil counts were measured within 24 hours of admission. An eosinophil percentage ≥2% was considered as high eosinophilic. Smokers in this study were defined as current or former smokers. Treatment failure was defined as a worsening of AECOPD that led to adverse clinical outcomes or required further treatment or an extended hospital stay or hospitalisation following the exacerbation. Multivariate-adjusted logistic models were used to estimate the OR and 95% CI associated with treatment failure.ResultsThere were 958 (28.2%) treatment failure events occurring. Patients with high eosinophils had a lower risk of treatment failure (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.63 to 0.87) than patients with low eosinophils. Compared with never smoking and low eosinophilic group, the ORs for treatment failure were 0.70 (95% CI 0.52 to 0.96) for never smoking and high eosinophilic group, 0.82 (95% CI 0.64 to 1.05) for smoking and low eosinophilic group and 0.62 (95% CI 0.47 to 0.81) for smoking and high eosinophilic group. Furthermore, there was no significant interaction between eosinophils and smoking status in relation to treatment failure (p for interaction=0.73). Similar results were obtained from multiple secondary outcomes and subgroup analyses.ConclusionElevated blood eosinophils are associated with a lower rate of corticosteroid treatment failure, regardless of smoking status. Smoking does not modify the association between blood eosinophil level and corticosteroid treatment failure among inpatients with AECOPD.
Thoracic versus coronary calcification for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events prediction
Authors: Ichikawa Keishi , Wang Rui , McClelland Robyn L , Manubolu Venkat S , Susarla Shriraj , Lee Duo , Pourafkari Leili , Fazlalizadeh Hooman , Bitar Jairo Aldana , Robin Rick , Kinninger April , Roy Sion , Post Wendy S , Budoff Matthew 
Published: April 2024

This study compared the prognostic value of quantified thoracic artery calcium (TAC) including aortic arch on chest CT and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score on ECG-gated cardiac CT.MethodsA total of 2412 participants who underwent both chest CT and ECG-gated cardiac CT at the same period were included in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Exam 5. All participants were monitored for incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) events. TAC is defined as calcification in the ascending aorta, aortic arch and descending aorta on chest CT. The quantification of TAC was measured using the Agatston method. Time-dependent receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the prognostic value of TAC and CAC scores.ResultsParticipants were 69±9 years of age and 47% were male. The Spearman correlation between TAC and CAC scores was 0.46 (p<0.001). During the median follow-up period of 8.8 years, 234 participants (9.7%) experienced ASCVD events. In multivariable Cox regression analysis, TAC score was independently associated with increased risk of ASCVD events (HR 1.31, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.58) as well as CAC score (HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.17). However, the area under the time-dependent ROC curve for CAC score was greater than that for TAC score in all participants (0.698 and 0.641, p=0.031). This was particularly pronounced in participants with borderline/intermediate and high 10-year ASCVD risk scores.ConclusionOur study demonstrated a significant association between TAC and CAC scores but a superior prognostic value of CAC score for ASCVD events. These findings suggest TAC on chest CT provides supplementary data to estimate ASCVD risk but does not replace CAC on ECG-gated cardiac CT.