bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two cases of breast pseudoaneurysm following core biopsy: A very rare complication with different treatment options
Authors: Jayathilake Champika , Uyangoda Thamara , Kitsos Dimitris , Sever Ali , Kasem Abdul , Metafa Anna 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Breast pseudoaneurysm is a rare complication following breast interventional procedures such as core biopsies and vacuum-assisted biopsies. The occurrence of pseudoaneurysm increases with the conditions of increased breast vascularity like cancer, pregnancy and lactation. Case Report: We present two cases of pseudoaneurysm formation secondary to core biopsies of the breasts. The first patient was an 82-year-old female patient who presented with breast swelling and bruising after multiple clinical core biopsies of the left breast. Our second patient was a 47-year-old lady who presented with a palpable lump following ultrasound-guided core biopsies of the left breast. Ultrasound showed hypoechoic pulsating area with evidence of internal colour flow in connection with a vessel in both cases. Imaging appearances were in keeping with a pseudoaneurysm of the breast. Discussion: Most pseudoaneurysms are secondary to interventional procedures in the breast. Common clinical presentation is a pulsatile, palpable mass at the biopsy site soon after the biopsy or later. On B mode imaging, it presents as a well-circumscribed mass of mixed echogenicity. Typical waveform in spectral Doppler and ‘yin-yang’ sign in colour Doppler is demonstrated with a turbulent internal flow. There are different treatment options to manage pseudoaneurysms of the breast. Conclusion: Pseudoaneurysm of the breast should be considered if a patient presents with a breast mass/lump close to a recent biopsy site. On clinical examination, pulsatility of the mass should raise the suspicion and definite diagnosis can be made with spectral and colour Doppler US scan.
Ultrasonography in diagnosis of distal biceps tendinosis: A case series
Authors: Shi Dingbo , Billham Jessica F , Battaglia Patrick J , Specht Tyler J , Davenport John A , Kettner Norman W 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Biceps tendinosis, a milder form on the spectrum of biceps tendinopathy, is unusual at the distal insertion site. Patients with distal biceps tendinosis may experience pain and dysfunction which could inhibit their activities of daily living. Diagnosis of distal biceps tendinosis may be facilitated with ultrasonography (US), whose accuracy is increasingly recognised, while providing many benefits over other modalities, like magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Case report: We report two cases of distal biceps tendinosis diagnosed by US with clinical details, imaging findings and patient management. Two patients present with elbow pain after nontraumatic activities. US revealed a thickened distal biceps tendon with mild heterogeneous hypoechogenicity without fibre disruption or retraction in both cases and evidence of hyperemia on Doppler with surrounding bursal fluid in case 2. Discussion: Tendinosis has variable aetiologies, but US commonly cannot differentiate among these; therefore, patient’s clinical history is the major component in determining the underlying cause. Chronic progression of tendon pathology leads to partial and full thickness tears. Tendinosis has a characteristic US appearance. US has many benefits and clinicians may use this modality to assess possible pathological structures with ease, convenience and efficiency compared with using MRI. Conclusion: Distal biceps tendinosis may present with clinical symptoms of pain and decreased activities of daily living, and may progress to more severe forms of tendinopathy. Early diagnosis is beneficial for the treatment outcomes of this condition. US can visualise distal biceps tendinosis with reliability, providing an alternative diagnostic technique with many benefits compared with MRI.
Numbers as Fact-Icons: The Public Power of ‘6402’ in Post-War Colombia
Authors: Rudas Nicolás 
Published: March 2024

In 2021, the Peace Court of Colombia revealed that the national army had systematically executed 6402 innocent civilians, falsely presenting them as members of illegal armed groups. This revelation catapulted the number ‘6402’ into a prominent position within the country’s public discourse. I reconstruct the first six months of the figure’s dissemination, encompassing its coverage in both traditional and social media. In this analysis, I put forth a novel cultural-sociological conceptualization of numbers as ‘fact-icons’, departing from conventional views that regard statistics as purely technical entities. For wide segments of the Colombian public, ‘6402’ became a continuing political emblem not only because it reflected the magnitude of a real atrocity, but also due to factors of a more symbolic kind. First, the publication of the figure was constructed as a collective experience of ‘epiphany’ by journalists and media commentators. Second, it was infused with deep narratives of national identity by social movement activists. Lastly, it became a focal point of effervescent collective action through stylized aesthetic representations within the realm of popular art.
An exploration of sharps injuries within healthcare students at a UK university
Authors: Hambridge K , Burt W , Bettache G , Keshishian M , Walvin T , Cozma E 
Published: March 2024

Background There is evidence available worldwide that nursing, medical and dental students sustain sharps injuries during their programmes of study. However, there is lack of evidence and research relating to the many students of other healthcare professions who may encounter sharps instruments. Aim/objective The aim of the study was to identify the extent, type and impact of sharps injuries sustained by pre-registration healthcare students. Methods An online survey was administered to 3372 healthcare students at a University in the United Kingdom. Findings/results Some healthcare students other than nursing, medical and dentistry had sustained a sharps injury. The most common device involved were glass ampoules. The common causes were equipment and carelessness. Some healthcare students sustained psychological impacts following the sharps injury. Discussion Sharps injuries are common amongst some healthcare students and there is scope for more education for these groups of students relating to the risks, safe handling, reporting and prevention of sharps injuries.
Examining the impact and response to an outbreak of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in a neonatal unit in the United Kingdom: An outbreak report
Authors: Anil Megha , Dopran Jacki , Claxton Alleyna , Fleming Paul , Aladangady Narendra 
Published: March 2024

Background Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) are a group of Gram-negative bacteria causing global concern due to their resistance to carbapenems. In this report, we detail the learning points from a CPE outbreak in a tertiary neonatal unit (NU) in the UK. Methods Routine surveillance screening (rectal swabs) of babies on the NU identified a potential cluster of CPE carriage. Samples were sent to a reference laboratory for confirmatory testing. Environmental screening and cot mapping were undertaken to determine movements of babies within the unit. Regular audits of cleaning standards, hand hygiene, and maternal hygiene when expressing breast milk were carried out. Results The outbreak lasted 19 weeks. During the outbreak, there were 360 admissions, with 11 babies being colonised with the outbreak strain. Once the outbreak was declared, there were enhanced Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) precautions (including increased environmental and equipment cleaning frequency). CPE screening frequency was increased and cot capacity was reduced. Hand hygiene compliance improved from 92% at the start of the outbreak to 100% by its close. Cleaning standards remained compliant. Maternal hygiene standards varied from 78% to 100%, but no cross-infection links were identified. Environmental screening was negative. No route of cross-infection was identified. Notably, no babies developed invasive CPE infection. Conclusion This is the first report of a CPE outbreak in a UK NU. Although no specific mode of cross-transmission was identified and the outbreak’s end cannot be attributed to any single intervention, the bundle of interventions proved successful after a 5-month period.
The Trade of Porcupines in Malaysia With International Trade Links
Authors: Gomez Lalita , Min Sheng Khoo 
Published: March 2024

Background and Research Aims Porcupines are frequently traded in Asia but evidence of this remains undocumented. This study was undertaken to address the dearth of information on porcupine trade dynamics using Malaysia as a case study. Methods To accomplish this, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) outlets throughout the country were surveyed, the existence of porcupine farms were determined and porcupine seizures in Malaysia from 2011 – 2019 were analysed. Results The data revealed that porcupines are coveted predominantly for bezoars used in TCM and for breeding stock. Porcupine bezoars were found in 90% of TCM outlets surveyed though it is likely that the market consists of genuine and fake products. Porcupine farming appears to be gaining popularity and predominantly caters to a demand for breeding pairs. There were 47 seizures amounting to 110 porcupines of at least three species. Seizures included mostly live animals but also meat and quills. Conclusion The harvesting and consumption of porcupines is legally permitted in Malaysia. However, it is evident that illegal hunting of porcupines is also occurring. Captive breeding is unlikely to reduce poaching of porcupines considering the high value associated with wild-sourced bezoars. Local use is also driving international trade of bezoars particularly from Indonesia. Implications for Conservation Research on porcupine trade dynamics in Southeast Asia is limited. This is a conservation concern particularly as porcupines are valued as commercial commodities. As Asian porcupines face a multitude of synergistic threats ( i.e., habitat loss, human conflict and illegal hunting), understanding these cumulative impacts on wild populations is a conservation priority. More research on international trade dynamics is also warranted as it is currently occurring without any regulation or monitoring. Listing porcupines in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) could potentially mitigate this.
Innovative learning technologies in higher education
Authors: Tulenbayev Zhanat , Kozhageldi Bolat , Baizhanova Sulushash , Dairabay Dinara , Nametbayev Galimzhan 
Published: March 2024

The issue of attracting innovative technologies to teaching activities has become particularly relevant over the past 2 years around the world. This concerns the spread of such an epidemiological disease as COVID-19, since it caused the transition from full-time to distance learning. Kazakhstan is no exception, therefore, the spread of such a trend is clearly manifested in it, which is why there is an active use of interactive forms of education, including a variety of innovative pedagogical technologies. The purpose of the study is to analyse the types of computer technologies used in universities of Kazakhstan, to determine their effectiveness in the conditions of distance learning, and to establish the prospects of their future use in the context of full-time education. To achieve this goal, the study uses various practical means for conducting research, in particular: functional and methodological, dialectical and methodological approaches, method of logical analysis, synthesis, comparative method, abstraction, and analysis of literature. As a result of the conducted research, the theoretical basis of the concept of innovative technologies in pedagogical activity was determined, their types and signs were formed. In addition, the methods and forms of implementation of such technologies were identified, the level of their effectiveness was determined, and methods for their improvement were proposed. Considering the areas of future study on this topic, it would be advisable to investigate ways to use artificial intelligence in distance learning. As for the practical value of the study, it is conditioned by the foundations formed in the work that can be used by both university teachers and schools to effectively organise the educational process during a pandemic.
Identifying Risk Factors for Preexisting or Developing Low Back Pain in Youth, High School, and Collegiate Lacrosse Players Using 3-Dimensional Motion Analysis
Authors: Wasser Joseph G. , Bruner Michelle L. , Chen Cong , Vincent Heather K. 
Published: March 2024

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common condition that can affect athletes of all ages. The risk factors for LBP onset and worsening associated with the lacrosse shooting motion are not yet known. Purpose: To identify training and biomechanical factors associated with preexisting LBP and development of LBP over 6 months in youth, high school, and collegiate lacrosse players. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 128 lacrosse players were enrolled in this study between January 2016 and January 2019. Player characteristics, lacrosse experience, and participation in other sports were self-reported. At baseline and 2-, 4-, and 6-month follow-ups, the players self-rated the presence and severity of LBP using a numeric pain rating scale (0-10 points). Participants were grouped according to LBP symptoms: no LBP at any time point (n = 102), preexisting LBP (n = 17), or developed LBP within the 6-month period (n = 9). The lacrosse shooting motion was captured via 3-dimensional motion analysis, and kinematic and kinetic variables were recorded. A Low Back Stress Index was used to estimate lumbar stress as a function of pelvic acceleration at the time of maximum lateral trunk lean during the shot. Univariate analyses of covariance and logistic regression models were used to address study aims. Results: Compared with the no-LBP group, the preexisting LBP group demonstrated 13.9% to 22.9% lower maximum angular velocities at the pelvis, trunk, and shoulders in the transverse plane ( P < .05), 19.3% less collective pelvis-shoulder rotation in the transverse plane ( P = .015), and 4.5% more knee flexion excursion ( P = .063). The developed-LBP group produced 2.3% to 11.1% higher angular velocities in the pelvis, trunk, and shoulder and generated maximum pelvic acceleration values 36% to 42% higher than the remaining groups ( P < .05 for both). Mean Low Back Stress Index values were not statistically significant among the groups (no LBP: 12,504 ± 13,076 deg2/s2; preexisting LBP: 8808 ± 10,174 deg2/s2; developed LBP: 19,389 ± 13,590 deg2/s2; P = .157). Conclusion: Preexisting LBP was associated with significantly restricted motion of the pelvis, trunk, and shoulders during a lacrosse shot. Excessive pelvic acceleration may be related to the development of LBP in lacrosse players.
The longitudinal microbial and metabolic landscape of infant cystic fibrosis: the gut–lung axis
Authors: Frayman Katherine B. , Macowan Matthew , Caparros-Martin Jose , Ranganathan Sarath C. , Marsland Benjamin J. 
Published: March 2024

Background and aimIn cystic fibrosis, gastrointestinal dysfunction and lower airway infection occur early and are independently associated with poorer outcomes in childhood. This study aimed to define the relationship between the microbiota at each niche during the first 2 years of life, its association with growth and airway inflammation, and explanatory features in the metabolome.Materials and methods67 bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), 62 plasma and 105 stool samples were collected from 39 infants with cystic fibrosis between 0 and 24 months who were treated with prophylactic antibiotics. 16S rRNA amplicon and shotgun metagenomic sequencing were performed on BALF and stool samples, respectively; metabolomic analyses were performed on all sample types. Sequencing data from healthy age-matched infants were used as controls.ResultsBacterial diversity increased over the first 2 years in both BALF and stool, and microbial maturation was delayed in comparison to healthy controls from the RESONANCE cohort. Correlations between their respective abundance in both sites suggest stool may serve as a noninvasive alternative for detecting BALFPseudomonasandVeillonella. Multisite metabolomic analyses revealed age- and growth-related changes, associations with neutrophilic airway inflammation, and a set of core systemic metabolites. BALFPseudomonasabundance was correlated with altered stool microbiome composition and systemic metabolite alterations, highlighting a complex gut–plasma–lung interplay and new targets with therapeutic potential.ConclusionExploration of the gut–lung microbiome and metabolome reveals diverse multisite interactions in cystic fibrosis that emerge in early life. Gut–lung metabolomic links with airway inflammation andPseudomonasabundance warrant further investigation for clinical utility, particularly in non-expectorating patients.
Impaired immune responses in the airways are associated with poor outcome in critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Barnett Clea R. , Krolikowski Kelsey , Postelnicu Radu , Mukherjee Vikramjit , Sulaiman Imran , Chung Matthew , Angel Luis , Tsay Jun-Chieh J. , Wu Benjamin G. , Yeung Stephen T. , Duerr Ralf , Desvignes Ludovic , Khanna Kamal , Li Yonghua , Schluger Rosemary , Rafeq Samaan , Collazo Destiny , Kyeremateng Yaa , Amoroso Nancy , Pradhan Deepak , Das Sanchita , Evans Laura , Uyeki Timothy M. , Ghedin Elodie , Silverman Gregg J. , Segal Leopoldo N. , Brosnahan Shari B. 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionMounting evidence indicates that an individual's humoral adaptive immune response plays a critical role in the setting of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and that the efficiency of the response correlates with disease severity. The relationship between the adaptive immune dynamics in the lower airways with those in the systemic circulation, and how these relate to an individual's clinical response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, are less understood and are the focus of this study.Material and methodsWe investigated the adaptive immune response to SARS-CoV-2 in paired samples from the lower airways and blood from 27 critically ill patients during the first wave of the pandemic (median time from symptom onset to intubation 11 days). Measurements included clinical outcomes (mortality), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and blood specimen antibody levels, and BALF viral load.ResultsWhile there was heterogeneity in the levels of the SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies, we unexpectedly found that some BALF specimens displayed higher levels than the paired concurrent plasma samples, despite the known dilutional effects common in BALF samples. We found that survivors had higher levels of anti-spike, anti-spike-N-terminal domain and anti-spike-receptor-binding domain IgG antibodies in their BALF (p<0.05), while there was no such association with antibody levels in the systemic circulation.DiscussionOur data highlight the critical role of local adaptive immunity in the airways as a key defence mechanism against primary SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Obesity-induced downregulation of miR-192 exacerbates lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by promoting macrophage activation
Authors: Wu Siqi , Tang Wenjing , Liu Ling , Wei Ke , Tang Yin , Ma Jingyue , Li Hongbin , Ao Yichan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Macrophage activation may play a crucial role in the increased susceptibility of obese individuals to acute lung injury (ALI). Dysregulation of miRNA, which is involved in various inflammatory diseases, is often observed in obesity. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-192 in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in obese mice and its mechanism of dysregulation in obesity.

Methods
Human lung tissues were obtained from obese patients (BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2) and control patients (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2). An obese mouse model was established by feeding a high-fat diet (HFD), followed by intratracheal instillation of LPS to induce ALI. Pulmonary macrophages of obese mice were depleted through intratracheal instillation of clodronate liposomes. The expression of miR-192 was examined in lung tissues, primary alveolar macrophages (AMs), and the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line (MH-S) using RT-qPCR. m6A quantification and RIP assays helped determine the cause of miR-192 dysregulation. miR-192 agomir and antagomir were used to investigate its function in mice and MH-S cells. Bioinformatics and dual-luciferase reporter gene assays were used to explore the downstream targets of miR-192.

Results
In obese mice, depletion of macrophages significantly alleviated lung tissue inflammation and injury, regardless of LPS challenge. miR-192 expression in lung tissues and alveolar macrophages was diminished during obesity and further decreased with LPS stimulation. Obesity-induced overexpression of FTO decreased the m6A modification of pri-miR-192, inhibiting the generation of miR-192. In vitro, inhibition of miR-192 enhanced LPS-induced polarization of M1 macrophages and activation of the AKT/ NF-κB inflammatory pathway, while overexpression of miR-192 suppressed these reactions. BIG1 was confirmed as a target gene of miR-192, and its overexpression offset the protective effects of miR-192. In vivo, when miR-192 was overexpressed in obese mice, the activation of pulmonary macrophages and the extent of lung injury were significantly improved upon LPS challenge.

Conclusions
Our study indicates that obesity-induced downregulation of miR-192 expression exacerbates LPS-induced ALI by promoting macrophage activation. Targeting macrophages and miR-192 may provide new therapeutic avenues for obesity-associated ALI.

Graphical Abstract
Development of excitation power-responsive anti-stokes emission wavelength switching and their energy saving induced by localized surface plasmon resonance
Authors: Honda Jotaro , Sugawa Kosuke , Honma Koki , Fukumura Seiya , Katoh Ryuzi , Tahara Hironobu , Otsuki Joe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe designed an external stimulus-responsive anti-Stokes emission switching using dual-annihilator-based triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion systems. This system, which was constructed by incorporating a palladium porphyrin derivative as a sensitizer and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (DPA) and 9,10-bis(triisopropylsilyl)ethynylanthracene (TIPS) as annihilators into polymer thin films, produced TIPS- and DPA-based anti-Stokes emission under low and high excitation powers, respectively. The mechanism involves the following: under low excitation power, triplet energy transfer from triplet-excited PdOEP to DPA is induced, followed by relay to TIPS. This results in the generation of triplet-excited TIPS, and the subsequent triplet–triplet annihilation between them produces TIPS-based anti-Stokes emission. Conversely, under high excitation power, the high-density triplet-excited DPA, generated through triplet energy transfer from PdOEP, undergoes triplet–triplet annihilation among themselves, resulting in the generation of DPA-based anti-Stokes emission. Additionally, we achieved energy savings by reducing the required excitation power for switching through the utilization of plasmonic metal nanoparticles. The strong local electromagnetic fields associated with the localized surface plasmon resonance of metal nanoparticles enhance the photoexcitation efficiency of PdOEP, subsequently increasing the density of triplet-excited DPA. As a result, anti-Stokes emission switching becomes feasible at lower excitation powers.