bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Burgeoning Silicon/MXene Nanocomposites for Lithium Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Zhang Peng , Wang Xindi , Zhang Yifan , Wei Yi , Shen Nan , Chen Shi , Xu Bin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSilicon‐based materials are regarded as the most promising negative electrode materials for next‐generation high‐energy lithium ion batteries due to their high theoretical capacity, low lithiation plateau and low cost, but they still suffer from dramatic volume variation during charge/discharge and sluggish kinetics, substantially restricting their practical applications. Recently, 2D MXenes are demonstrated to improve the electrochemical performances of Si‐based materials owing to their metallic conductivity, large surface aspect ratio, rich surface chemistry, good mechanical strength, etc. Serving as conductive host, MXenes can alleviate the volume expansion of Si during lithiation, enhance the electronic conductivity of the composite and facilitate the electron/ion transport, thus making the resultant Si/MXene composites exhibit excellent performance as negative electrodes of secondary batteries. Herein, an overview toward the recent advances of Si/MXene nanocomposites is presented for lithium storage applications. The preparation strategies and structural characteristics of the Si/MXene nanocomposites are introduced. The applications of diverse Si/MXene nanostructures such as powders, 3D architectures, films and fibers, in lithium ion batteries with corresponding structure‐performance relationships are discussed. Finally, the challenges and perspectives for the future research of Si/MXene nanocomposites are highlighted, aiming to provide a fundamental reference in designing advanced Si/MXene nanocomposites for high‐energy lithium ion batteries.
A Stable, Self‐Healable, and Stretchable Dielectric Polymer for Electroluminescent Device Working Underwater
Authors: Liu Yuncong , Sun Lin , Feng Wenwen , Jin Zhekai , Wang Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStretchable dielectric polymer with high dielectric constant is a major component for electroluminescent devices. However, the intrinsic instability toward water severely limits their further applications in marine environment. Here, a transparent, underwater stable, and self‐healable dielectric material with high dielectric constant is reported. The electroluminescent device based on this newly designed fluoropolymer can work stably in aqueous conditions. There is no significant attenuation of mechanical and optoelectronic property after immersed in water and salty water for a month. The intrinsic self‐healing ability of the device makes it robust and resilient against unexpected minor or severe damages.
Refined Pore Structure Design and Surface Modification of 3D Porous Copper Achieving Highly Stable Dendrite‐Free Lithium‐Metal Anode
Authors: Guo Gengde , Zhang Kai , Zhu Kaiping , Yang Peng , Shao Zhipeng , Liu Shizhuo , Lin Lin , Zhuang Wubin , Xue Pan , Zhang Qichong , Yao Yagang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract3D porous copper is anticipated to serve as an ideal current collector for lithium‐metal anodes (LMAs) owing to its excellent conductivity, huge surface area, and cost‐effectiveness. However, most pertinent studies center around commercial copper foams, where their notable large pore size (150–400 µm) is identified as a primary inducement for dendrite formation and ultimate battery failure. Hence, ensuring the appropriate pore structure in 3D porous copper for achieving highly reversible lithium deposition/stripping process plays a pivotal role in stabilizing LMAs. Herein, the hydrogen bubble template method is employed to fabricate five distinct types of 3D porous copper. Among them, the one with an average surface pore diameter of 25.18 µm and the lowest probability of macropores distribution within the pore walls demonstrates optimal electrochemical performance. To further improve the inherent lithiophobicity of copper, Cu2Se/Cu2O heterostructure nanowires are loaded as kinetic enhanced nucleation sites. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of optimized pore structure and heterostructure nanowires, the Cu2Se/Cu2O@3D Cu composite current collector exhibits excellent dendrite‐free characteristics and outstanding electrochemical performance, showcasing an ultra‐long symmetrical‐cell lifespan of 3000 h at 1 mA cm−2 and stability for 300 h even under 20 mA cm−2.
Integrated Microprism and Microelectrode Array for Simultaneous Electrophysiology and Two‐Photon Imaging across All Cortical Layers
Authors: Yang Qianru , Wu Bingchen , Castagnola Elisa , Pwint May Yoon , Williams Nathaniel P. , Vazquez Alberto L. , Cui Xinyan Tracy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCerebral neural electronics play a crucial role in neuroscience research with increasing translational applications such as brain–computer interfaces for sensory input and motor output restoration. While widely utilized for decades, the understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying this technology remains limited. Although two‐photon microscopy (TPM) has shown great promise in imaging superficial neural electrodes, its application to deep‐penetrating electrodes is technically difficult. Here, a novel device integrating transparent microelectrode arrays with glass microprisms, enabling electrophysiology recording and stimulation alongside TPM imaging across all cortical layers in a vertical plane, is introduced. Tested in Thy1‐GCaMP6 mice for over 4 months, the integrated device demonstrates the capability for multisite electrophysiological recording/stimulation and simultaneous TPM calcium imaging. As a proof of concept, the impact of microstimulation amplitude, frequency, and depth on neural activation patterns is investigated using the setup. With future improvements in material stability and single unit yield, this multimodal tool greatly expands integrated electrophysiology and optical imaging from the superficial brain to the entire cortical column, opening new avenues for neuroscience research and neurotechnology development.
Engineering Nanoplatforms for Theranostics of Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Liu Yuying , Jiang Zeyu , Yang Xiao , Wang Yin , Yang Bin , Fu Qinrui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAtherosclerotic plaque formation is considered the primary pathological mechanism underlying atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases, leading to severe cardiovascular events such as stroke, acute coronary syndromes, and even sudden cardiac death. Early detection and timely intervention of plaques are challenging due to the lack of typical symptoms in the initial stages. Therefore, precise early detection and intervention play a crucial role in risk stratification of atherosclerotic plaques and achieving favorable post‐interventional outcomes. The continuously advancing nanoplatforms have demonstrated numerous advantages including high signal‐to‐noise ratio, enhanced bioavailability, and specific targeting capabilities for imaging agents and therapeutic drugs, enabling effective visualization and management of atherosclerotic plaques. Motivated by these superior properties, various noninvasive imaging modalities for early recognition of plaques in the preliminary stage of atherosclerosis are comprehensively summarized. Additionally, several therapeutic strategies are proposed to enhance the efficacy of treating atherosclerotic plaques. Finally, existing challenges and promising prospects for accelerating clinical translation of nanoplatform‐based molecular imaging and therapy for atherosclerotic plaques are discussed. In conclusion, this review provides an insightful perspective on the diagnosis and therapy of atherosclerotic plaques.
Exploring Mechanisms of Lipid Nanoparticle‐Mucus Interactions in Healthy and Cystic Fibrosis Conditions
Authors: Tafech Belal , Rokhforouz Mohammad‐Reza , Leung Jerry , Sung Molly MH , Lin Paulo JC , Sin Don D , Lauster Daniel , Block Stephan , Quon Bradley S. , Tam Ying , Cullis Pieter , Feng James J , Hedtrich Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMucus forms the first defense line of human lungs, and as such hampers the efficient delivery of therapeutics to the underlying epithelium. This holds particularly true for genetic cargo such as CRISPR‐based gene editing tools which cannot readily surmount the mucosal barrier. While lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) emerge as versatile non‐viral gene delivery systems that can help overcome the delivery challenge, many knowledge gaps remain, especially for diseased states such as cystic fibrosis (CF). This study provides fundamental insights into Cas9 mRNA or ribonucleoprotein‐loaded LNP‐mucus interactions in healthy and diseased states by assessing the impact of the genetic cargo, mucin sialylation, mucin concentration, ionic strength, pH, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) concentration and nature on LNP diffusivity leveraging experimental approaches and Brownian dynamics (BD) simulations. Taken together, this study identifies key mucus and LNP characteristics that are critical to enabling a rational LNP design for transmucosal delivery.
Single Layer Silk and Cotton Woven Fabrics for Acoustic Emission and Active Sound Suppression
Authors: Yang Grace H. , Lin Jinuan , Cheung Henry , Rui Guanchun , Zhao Yongyi , Balachander Latika , Joo Taigyu , Lee Hyunhee , Smith Zachary P. , Zhu Lei , Ma Chu , Fink Yoel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhether intentionally generating acoustic waves or attempting to mitigate unwanted noise, sound control is an area of challenge and opportunity. This study investigates traditional fabrics as emitters and suppressors of sound. When attached to a single strand of a piezoelectric fiber actuator, a silk fabric emits up to 70 dB of sound. Despite the complex fabric structure, vibrometer measurements reveal behavior reminiscent of a classical thin plate. Fabric pore size relative to the viscous boundary layer thickness is found—through comparative fabric analysis—to influence acoustic‐emission efficiency. Sound suppression is demonstrated using two distinct mechanisms. In the first, direct acoustic interference is shown to reduce sound by up to 37 dB. The second relies on pacifying the fabric vibrations by the piezoelectric fiber, reducing the amplitude of vibration waves by 95% and attenuating the transmitted sound by up to 75%. Interestingly, this vibration‐mediated suppression in principle reduces sound in an unlimited volume. It also allows the acoustic reflectivity of the fabric to be dynamically controlled, increasing by up to 68%. The sound emission and suppression efficiency of a 130 µm silk fabric presents opportunities for sound control in a variety of applications ranging from apparel to transportation to architecture.
Pyroelectric Photoconductive Diode for Highly Sensitive and Fast DUV Detection
Authors: Hou Xiaohu , Liu Yan , Bai Shiyu , Yu Shunjie , Huang Hong , Yang Kai , Li Chen , Peng Zhixin , Zhao Xiaolong , Zhou Xuanze , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetecting high‐energy photons from the deep ultraviolet (DUV) to X‐rays is vital in security, medicine, industry, and science. Wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductors exhibit great potential for detecting high‐energy photons. However, the implementation of highly sensitive and high‐speed detectors based on WBG semiconductors has been a huge challenge due to the inevitable deep level traps and the lack of appropriate device structure engineering. Here, a sensitive and fast pyroelectric photoconductive diode (PPD), which couples the interface pyroelectric effect with the photoconductive effect based on tailored polycrystal Ga‐rich GaOx (PGR‐GaOx) Schottky photodiode, is first proposed. The PPD device exhibits ultrahigh detection performance for DUV and X‐ray light. The responsivity for DUV light and sensitivity for X‐ray are up to 104 A W−1 and 105 µC Gyair−1 cm−2, respectively. Especially, the interface pyroelectric effect induced by polar symmetry in the depletion region of the PGR‐GaOx can significantly improve the response speed of the device by 105 times. Furthermore, the potential of the device is demonstrated for imaging enhancement systems with low power consumption and high sensitivity. This work fully excavates the potential of the pyroelectric effect for detectors and provides a novel design strategy to achieve sensitive and high‐speed detectors.
A Solid–Liquid Bicontinuous Fiber with Strain‐Insensitive Ionic Conduction
Authors: Ye Huating , Wu Baohu , Sun Shengtong , Wu Peiyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStretchable ionic conductors are crucial for enabling advanced iontronic devices to operate under diverse deformation conditions. However, when employed as interconnects, existing ionic conductors struggle to maintain stable ionic conduction under strain, hindering high‐fidelity signal transmission. Here, it is shown that strain‐insensitive ionic conduction can be achieved by creating a solid–liquid bicontinuous microstructure. A bicontinuous fiber from polymerization‐induced phase separation, which contains a solid elastomer phase interpenetrated by a liquid ion‐conducting phase, is fabricated. The spontaneous partitioning of dissolved salts leads to the formation of a robust self‐wrinkled interface, fostering the development of highly tortuous ionic channels. Upon stretch, these meandering ionic channels are straightened, effectively enhancing ionic conductivity to counteract the strain effect. Remarkably, the fiber retains highly stable ionic conduction till fracture, with only 7% resistance increase at 200% strain. This approach presents a promising avenue for designing durable ionic cables capable of signal transmission with minimal strain‐induced distortion.
Molecular Templates on Surfaces by Exploiting Supramolecular Chemistry in Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayers
Authors: Escorihuela Enrique , Concellón Alberto , Cardona Teresa , Zuccheri Giampaolo , Martín Santiago , Serrano José L. , Cea Pilar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAttaining precise control over molecular arrangements is of paramount importance for numerous applications in nanotechnology, particularly in constructing molecular templates to accurately immobilize target materials on surfaces. A strategic combination of supramolecular and interfacial chemistry may serve to build a well‐organized molecular network, enabling the subsequent location of target molecules on specific positions of a surface. A supramolecular complex (compound 1) comprised of a melamine unit forming hydrogen bonds with dendritic arms terminated in a coumarin unit is utilized, which readily undergoes photodimerization. The research demonstrates the formation of well‐organized Langmuir films of compound 1 which can be transferred on substrates at low surface pressures adopting a lying‐flat orientation. Upon irradiation of the pristine films at 365 nm the coumarin units undergo photo‐cross linking, leading to the formation of a compact photo‐crosslinked film. Incubation of these photo‐crosslinked films in a solution containing 1‐hexanethiol results in the withdrawal of the melamine and the chemisorption of two thiol molecules per each melamine unit. The nanopores created by the removal of the melamine core are attributed to the disruption of hydrogen bonds in compound 1 by the thiols. This precisely defined molecular network holds significant promise as a template for orchestrating the arrangement of functional materials on surfaces.
A Dual Mode MoTe2/WS2/WSe2 Double Van der Waals Heterojunctions Phototransistor for Optical Imaging and Communication
Authors: Li Zhongming , Zheng Tao , Yang Mengmeng , Sun Yiming , Luo Dongxiang , Gao Wei , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Li Jingbo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVan der Waals (vdW) heterostructures, formed by stacking different two‐dimensional (2D) materials, have emerged as a promising platform for next‐generation optoelectronic devices through band engineering. While various all‐2D and mixed‐dimensional heterojunction phototransistors based on p–n junctions or Schottky junctions have been developed, their performance, often constrained by the trade‐off between responsivity (R) and response speed, limits their widespread application. Here, a dual‐mode phototransistor based on a MoTe2/WS2/WSe2 double vdW heterostructure is designed. The bottom WSe2 layer effectively modulates the entire MoTe2/WS2 heterojunction channel, enabling both photoconductive and photovoltaic modes with exceptional optoelectronic properties in a single device. Specifically, the proposed device exhibits a maximum R of 2540 A W−1 and an impressive specific detectivity of 8 × 1012 Jones under the photoconductive mode. Under the photovoltaic mode, it achieves a fast response speed of 35.3/49.1 µs and a high light on/off ratio of 2 × 105. Additionally, the device exhibits latent potential for high‐resolution imaging across various wavelengths and fast optical communication. This work offers a rational alternative for achieving dual‐mode photodetection and highlights its promising application prospects in imaging and optical communication.
In Situ Hydrogel Modulates cDC1‐Based Antigen Presentation and Cancer Stemness to Enhance Cancer Vaccine Efficiency
Authors: Gao Tong , Yuan Shijun , Liang Shuang , Huang Xinyan , Liu Jinhu , Gu Panpan , Fu Shunli , Zhang Na , Liu Yongjun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEffective presentation of antigens by dendritic cells (DC) is essential for achieving a robust cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) response, in which cDC1 is the key DC subtype for high‐performance activation of CTLs. However, low cDC1 proportion, complex process, and high cost severely hindered cDC1 generation and application. Herein, the study proposes an in situ cDC1 recruitment and activation strategy with simultaneous inhibiting cancer stemness for inducing robust CTL responses and enhancing the anti‐tumor effect. Fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (FLT3L), Poly I:C, and Nap‐CUM (NCUM), playing the role of cDC1 recruitment, cDC1 activation, inducing antigen release and decreasing tumor cell stemness, respectively, are co‐encapsulated in an in situ hydrogel vaccine (FP/NCUM‐Gel). FP/NCUM‐Gel is gelated in situ after intra‐tumoral injection. With the near‐infrared irradiation, tumor cell immunogenic cell death occurred, tumor antigens and immunogenic signals are released in situ. cDC1 is recruited to tumor tissue and activated for antigen cross‐presentation, followed by migrating to lymph nodes and activating CTLs. Furthermore, tumor cell stemness are inhibited by napabucasin, which can help CTLs to achieve comprehensive tumor killing. Collectively, the proposed strategy of cDC1 in situ recruitment and activation combined with stemness inhibition provides great immune response and anti‐tumor potential, providing new ideas for clinical tumor vaccine design.
Biomimetic Chiral Nanomaterials with Selective Catalysis Activity
Authors: Cao Honghui , Yang En , Kim Yoonseob , Zhao Yuan , Ma Wei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChiral nanomaterials with unique chiral configurations and biocompatible ligands have been booming over the past decade for their interesting chiroptical effect, unique catalytical activity, and related bioapplications. The catalytic activity and selectivity of chiral nanomaterials have emerged as important topics, that can be potentially controlled and optimized by the rational biochemical design of nanomaterials. In this review, chiral nanomaterials synthesis, composition, and catalytic performances of different biohybrid chiral nanomaterials are discussed. The construction of chiral nanomaterials with multiscale chiral geometries along with the underlying principles for enhancing chiroptical responses are highlighted. Various biochemical approaches to regulate the selectivity and catalytic activity of chiral nanomaterials for biocatalysis are also summarized. Furthermore, attention is paid to specific chiral ligands, materials compositions, structure characteristics, and so on for introducing selective catalytic activities of representative chiral nanomaterials, with emphasis on substrates including small molecules, biological macromolecule, and in‐site catalysis in living systems. Promising progress has also been emphasized in chiral nanomaterials featuring structural versatility and improved chiral responses that gave rise to unprecedented chances to utilize light for biocatalytic applications. In summary, the challenges, future trends, and prospects associated with chiral nanomaterials for catalysis are comprehensively proposed.
Autonomously Self‐healing, Adhesive, and Stretchable Triboelectric Nanogenerator Using Multifunctional Hydrogel‐Elastomer Double Layer with a Power Management Circuit
Authors: Oh Jinseok , Kang Minkyong , Park Jae , Kim Tae Young , Park Kijun , Seo Jungmok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTriboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are promising candidates replacing conventional batteries in wearable devices, owing to their self‐powering properties. Although TENGs can convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, excessive mechanical stresses can degrade their performance. Moreover, conformal adhesion to skin is required to improve its performance in wearable devices. Here, a stretchable, adhesive, and self‐healing single‐electrode TENG with a multifunctional hydrogel‐elastomer double layer is developed. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)‐doped hydrogel is used as the electrode. Subsequently, the electrode is covered with an Ecoflex elastomer that acted as a triboelectrification layer. The soft tissue‐like properties of the hydrogel allow conformal adhesion to nonplanar skin, whereas the dynamic polymer network of the hydrogel endows toughness and ability to self‐heal (within 5 min) against external damage. The TENG demonstrates an output voltage and current peak at 180 V and 0.8 µA. Moreover, it can generate a maximum power peak at 37.8 mW m−2, which is sufficient to power small electronics like stopwatches and light‐emitting diodes, with a power management circuit. The proposed TENG devices can function as telecommunication touch panels via Morse code. Thus, this study presents a promising approach for advancing the flexible power supplies and self‐powered sensors that can be applied to wearable devices.
Effects of Calcination Conditions on the Structural and Electrochemical Behaviors of High‐Nickel, Cobalt‐Free LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 Cathode
Authors: Lee Steven , Li Cheng , Manthiram Arumugam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEliminating cobalt from high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes lowers the cost of lithium‐ion batteries for electric vehicles. However, cobalt‐free cathodes with high Mn4+ and Ni2+ contents are prone to Li/Ni mixing after synthesis, potentially compromising battery energy density, rate capability, and cycling stability. Without cobalt facilitating cation ordering in the layered structure, the degree of Li/Ni mixing in cobalt‐free cathodes depends heavily on the calcination conditions. In this study, a systematic exploration of calcination temperatures and LiOH ratio for LiNi0.9Mn0.1O2 (NM‐90) provides detailed insights into the optimal synthesis conditions for high‐capacity cobalt‐free cathodes with extended cycle life. Surprisingly, high Li/Ni mixing does not necessarily lead to poor cycling stability whereas low Li/Ni mixing does not guarantee a long cycle life. More importantly, although excessive calcination temperature can further decrease Li/Ni mixing, it does not necessarily enhance capacity. Instead, the pernicious effects from the H2 → H3 phase transition are amplified due to a pronounced two‐phase reaction. An extensive suite of chemical and structural characterization methods uncovers a correlation between elevated calcination temperature, phase transformation, cation ordering, and capacity fading behavior: “overcooking” high‐nickel, cobalt‐free cathodes induce structural arrangement toward that of LiNiO2, with exacerbated lattice distortion and surface instability accelerating capacity fade.