bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of pulsed power modulator for induction synchrotron
Authors: Koseki Kunio , Takayama Ken 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA pulsed power modulator for the POP experiment of an induction synchrotron has been developed. Various difficulties in the development of the modulator, such as enormous power dissipation at a MOSFET, the resonant ringing in the output waveform, the isolation from the ground potential, and the incorrect action of a gate driving circuit, have been discussed and solved. The developed power modulator is installed into the existing accelerator, KEK 12‐GeV proton synchrotron. The POP experiment of the induction sychrotron has been successfully conducted. A single RF bunch injected from the 500‐MeV booster ring was accelerated to the flat‐top energy of 8 GeV. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 8– 14, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20494
A technique of waveform judgment for harmonic analysis on distribution lines
Authors: Aizawa Tadao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMost general‐purpose analyzers for harmonic analysis on distribution lines are designed to sample the data of one or two power supply periods. In other words, these analyzers process waveforms and display the results based on the assumption that the analyzed waveforms contain no noninteger components, such as subharmonics and interharmonics. When waveforms containing noninteger components are analyzed with these general‐purpose analyzers, the results often indicate components that are not actually present.This paper proposes a technique of waveform judgment and explains its method of application. The technique allows noninteger components to be recognized in analyzed waveforms from the properties of Lissajous figures, and clarifies the types of components and the time windows necessary for appropriate analysis. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 32– 38, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20536
Controller reduction via frequency weightings considering $H_{\infty}$ property preservation
Authors: Nagado Tsutomu , Usui Shota 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a new $H_{\infty}$ controller reduction method is proposed to preserve the $H_{\infty}$ property using frequency weightings. It is necessary to consider decreasing degradation of $H_{\infty}$ property for $H_{\infty}$ controller reduction. It is well known that all $H_{\infty}$ controllers are represented by free parameters which are stable and bounded. In the paper, frequency weightings are given to stabilize the free parameters, and low‐order controller is provided by using frequency‐weighted balanced technique. Some numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 63–69, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20683
Short‐term load forecasting using informative vector machine
Authors: Kurata Eitaro , Mori Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a novel method is proposed for short‐term load forecasting, which is one of the important tasks in power system operation and planning. The load behavior is so complicated that it is hard to predict the load. The deregulated power market is faced with the new problem of an increase in the degree of uncertainty. Thus, power system operators are concerned with the significant level of load forecasting. Namely, probabilistic load forecasting is required to smooth power system operation and planning. In this paper, an IVM (Informative Vector Machine) based method is proposed for short‐term load forecasting. IVM is one of the kernel machine techniques that are derived from an SVM (Support Vector Machine). The Gaussian process (GP) satisfies the requirements that the prediction results are expressed as a distribution rather than as points. However, it is inclined to be overtrained for noise due to the basis function with N2 elements for N data. To overcome this problem, this paper makes use of IVM that selects necessary data for the model approximation with a posteriori distribution of entropy. That has a useful function to suppress the excess training. The proposed method is tested using real data for short‐term load forecasting. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 23– 31, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www. interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20693
Improvement of sensing characteristics of self‐sensing active magnetic bearings
Authors: Morita Kozo , Yoshida Toshiya , Ohniwa Katsumi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA winding‐current interference model of self‐sensing magnetic bearings (AMBs) and an improvement technique of position‐sensing characteristics are proposed. In the self‐sensing AMB systems, the electromagnets work not only as actuators suspending the rotor but also as position sensors. The self‐sensing position signal, however, includes errors because of nonlinearity of the magnetic circuits. In the proposed model, the current is directly transmitted to the self‐sensing position signal. This transmission means degradation of the self‐sensing characteristics. This winding‐current interference to the self‐sensing signal is reduced by the proposed compensation method. The characteristics of the proposed self‐sensing method agree well with a reference sensor signal up to over 1 kHz. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 166(2): 70– 77, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20732 Copyright © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Large trades and intraday futures price behavior
Authors: Frino Alex , Bjursell Johan , Wang George H. K. , Lepone Andrew 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study examines the effects of large trades executed by outside customer on the prices of futures contracts traded on the Chicago Mercantile Exchange. We find that, on average, large buyer‐initiated trades have a larger permanent price impact (information effect) than large seller‐initiated trades, whereas the opposite is found for the temporary price impact (liquidity effects) of large trades. These results are consistent with previous findings for block and institutional trades in equity markets. However, we also find that the information effects of large sells are larger than large buys in bearish markets, whereas the results are the reverse in bullish markets. The liquidity price effects of buys are larger than the liquidity price effects of sells in bearish markets whereas the reverse results hold in bullish markets. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the current economic condition is a key determinant of asymmetric price effects between large buys and large sells. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1147–1181, 2008
Informed trading in the index option market: The case of KOSPI 200 options
Authors: Ahn Hee‐Joon , Kang Jangkoo , Ryu Doojin 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study examines if informed trading is present in the index option market by analyzing the KOSPI 200 options, the most actively traded derivative product in the world. The spread decomposition model developed by Madhavan, Richardson, and Roomans (1997) is utilized and the adverse‐selection cost component of the spread estimated by the model is then used as a proxy for the degree of informed trading. We find that adverse‐selection costs constitute a nontrivial portion of the transaction costs in index options trading. Approximately one‐third of the spread can be accounted for by information asymmetry costs. A further analysis indicates that adverse‐selection costs are positively related with option delta. Our regression analysis shows that option‐related variables are significantly associated with estimated information asymmetry costs, even when controlling for proxies for informed trading in the index futures market. Finally, we find the evidence that foreign investors are better informed compared to domestic investors and that domestic institutions have an edge in terms of information over domestic individuals. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1118–1146, 2008
Can exchange seat prices predict financial market volatility?
Authors: You Taewoo , Holder Mark E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThere is considerable evidence that trading volume and volatility are positively related and that exchange seat prices are largely a function of trading volume. This article examines whether changes in seat prices at the Chicago Board of Trade (where stock index and interest rate futures account for the vast majority of trading volume) are useful in predicting changes in interest rate and stock market volatility. Exponential GARCH and transfer function models are used to demonstrate the power of changes in CBOT seat prices in predicting changes in interest rate and stock market volatility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:1206–1221, 2008
Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Săftoiu Adrian , Vilmann Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEarly diagnosis of pancreatic cancer remains a difficult task, and multiple imaging tests have been proposed over the years. The aim of this review is to describe the current role of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for the diagnosis and staging of patients with pancreatic cancer. A detailed search of MEDLINE between 1980 and 2007 was performed using the following keywords: pancreatic cancer, endoscopic ultrasound, diagnosis, and staging. References of the selected articles were also browsed and consulted. Despite progress made with other imaging methods, EUS is still considered to be superior for the detection of clinically suspected lesions, especially if the results of other cross‐sectional imaging modalities are equivocal. The major advantage of EUS is the high negative predictive value that approaches 100%, indicating that the absence of a focal mass reliably excludes pancreatic cancer. The introduction of EUS‐guided fine needle aspiration allows a preoperative diagnosis in patients with resectable cancer, as well as a confirmation of diagnosis before chemoradiotherapy for those that are not. This comprehensive review highlighted the diagnostic capabilities of EUS including the newest refinements such as contrast‐enhanced EUS, EUS elastography, and 3‐dimensional EUS. The place of EUS‐guided biopsy is also emphasized, including the addition of molecular marker techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
A biometric study of the fetal orbit and lens in normal pregnancies
Authors: Sukonpan Kanchapan , Phupong Vorapong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurpose.To construct nomograms of the size of the fetal orbit and lens and to evaluate the relationships between the gestational age and the biometry of the fetal orbit and lens.Method.Six hundred two normal pregnant women were evaluated from 15 to 40 weeks of gestation. Fetal orbital and lens measurements were added to routine biometric measurements for normal fetuses.Results.A total of 595 measurements were used for analyses. A strong linear correlation was observed between gestational age and orbital diameter, orbital circumference, and orbital surface. A linear correlation was also found between gestational age and lens diameter, lens circumference, and lens surface. A linear growth function was observed between biparietal diameter and both the orbital diameter and the lens diameter.Conclusion.Orbital and lens measurements provide data that correlate with fetal growth and development. These data may also help detect fetal ocular abnormalities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2009
Characterization of the molecular reorientational dynamics of the neat ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide in the super cooled state using 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy
Authors: Imanari Mamoru , Tsuchiya Hiroyuki , Seki Hiroko , Nishikawa Keiko , Tashiro Mitsuru 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe 13C spectra and 13C longitudinal relaxation times (T1) were measured to investigate the segmental motion of the neat ionic liquid 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bromide ([bmim]Br) in the super cooled state. The 13C signals of the imidazole ring significantly broadened at 283 K, whereas many other signals were unchanged. In the process of lowering temperature, the [bmim]Br changed to the solid state at ca 273 K without showing the rapid phase transition. Only the 13C signal of the terminal methyl group in the butyl chain was still observed at 263 K, indicating that the motion of the imidazole ring was extremely restricted, whereas the methyl group in the butyl chain was active even in the solid state. The 13C‐T1 values measured as a function of temperature also supported the discrete segmental motions of the [bmim]+ cation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
1H and 13C NMR assignments of new methoxylated furanoflavonoids from Lonchocarpus araripensis
Authors: Lima Almi F. , Mileo Paulo Graziane M. , Andrade‐Neto Manoel , Braz‐Filho Raimundo , Silveira Edilberto R. , Pessoa Otília Deusdênia L. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTwo new polymethoxylated flavonoids, 2′,5′,6′‐trimethoxy‐[2″,3″ : 3′,4′]furano dihydrochalcone and 2,4′,4,5‐tetramethoxy‐[2″,3″ : 6,7]‐furanodihydroaurone, were isolated from the root barks of Lonchocarpus araripensis, along with the known compounds 3,4,5,6‐tetramethoxy‐[2″,3″ : 7,8]‐furanoflavan, 3,6‐dimethoxy‐1″,1″‐dimethylcromene‐[2″,3″ : 7,8]‐flavone, 3′,4′‐methylenodioxy‐5,6‐dimethoxy‐[2″,3″ : 7,8]‐furanoflavone, 3,5,6‐trimethoxy‐[2″,3″ : 7,8]‐furanoflavanone, 3,5,6‐trimethoxy‐[2″,3″ : 7,8]‐furanoflavone, and 6α‐hydroxy‐medicarpin. The complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of the new furan flavonoids were performed using 1D and 2D pulse sequences, including COSY, HSQC, and HMBC experiments, and comparison with spectral data for analog compounds from the literature, particularly for the new furanodihydroaurone because of several inconsistencies on the carbonyl chemical shifts from the literature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dominant versus recessive: Molecular mechanisms in metabolic disease
Authors: Zschocke Johannes 
Published: October 2008

SummaryInborn errors of metabolism used to be regarded as simple monogenic traits, but a closer look at how different alleles of a gene determine different phenotypes shows that the molecular mechanisms in the individual case are often complicated. Most metabolic disorders represent a spectrum of phenotypes from normal via attenuated to severe (and sometimes prenatally fatal), and disease manifestation is often influenced by other specific genetic or exogenous factors. The terms ‘dominant’ or ‘recessive’ relate to the functional consequences of differing alleles in the (compound) heterozygous individual; the terms are irrelevant for homozygous individuals and inappropriate for X‐linked disorders. Mutations affecting the same amino acid residue may be associated with different inheritance patterns. True dominant inheritance in metabolism is rare; it may be found e.g. in tightly regulated biosynthetic pathways or when minor changes in metabolite concentrations have a functional effect. Some disorders such as erythropoietic protoporphyria show pseudodominant inheritance due to prevalent loss‐of‐function polymorphisms in the general population and are better acknowledged as recessive traits. The term ‘variable expressivity’ is not helpful with regard to autosomal recessive disorders when variable phenotypes are explained by different mutations in the respective gene. Clonal unmasking of a heterozygous mutation through somatic loss of the second allele, the main pathomechanism in inherited tumour predisposition syndromes, is rare in metabolic disorders, but focal congenital hyperinsulinism is a notable exception. Somatic mosaicism for an OTC gene mutation is given as an example of an apparently heterozygous mutation pattern in a boy with an X‐linked disease.
Influence of Sodium Ions on Micelles of Surfactin‐C16 in Solution
Authors: Li Yi , Ye Ru‐Qiang , Mu Bo‐Zhong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe properties of surfactin‐C16 aqueous solution in the presence of Na+ ions, produced by Bacillus subtilis, were studied by the fluorescence method. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactin‐C16 was measured as 24.7 μM in 0.05 M Tris buffer (pH 8.5–8.6). With an increase in Na+ concentration, the CMC value and micropolarity of surfactin‐C16 decreased while the microviscosity increased, which means that the addition of Na+ improves the surface activity and enhances the micellization of the surfactin‐C16 in solution. The preliminary aggregation number (N) was obtained by the steady‐state fluorescence method.
Different culture conditions used for arresting the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle in goldfish (Carassius auratus) caudal fin‐derived fibroblasts
Authors: Choresca Casiano H. , Koo Ok Jae , Oh Hyun Ju , Hong So Gun , Gomez Dennis K. , Kim Ji Hyung , Lee Byeong Chun , Park Se Chang 
Published: October 2008

AbstractOne of the most important factors determining the success of the development of cloned embryos is the cell cycle stage of the donor cells. We investigated the effects of serum starvation, culturing to confluence and roscovitine treatment on the cell cycle synchronization of goldfish caudal fin‐derived fibroblasts by flow cytometric analysis. The results show that culturing the cells to confluence (85.5%) and roscovitine treatment (82.71%) yield a significantly higher percentage of cells arrested in the G0/G1 (P < 0.05) phase than serum starvation (62.85%). Different concentrations of roscovitine (5, 10, or 15 μM) induce cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase.
Monte Carlo valuation of natural gas investments
Authors: Abadie Luis M. , Chamorro José M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this evaluation of energy assets related to natural gas, our particular focus is on a base load natural gas combined cycle power plant and a liquefied natural gas facility in a realistic setting. We also value several American‐type investment options following the least squares Monte Carlo approach. We calibrate mean‐reverting stochastic processes for gas and electricity prices by using data from NYMEX NG futures contracts and the Spanish wholesale electricity market, respectively. Additional sources of uncertainty concern the initial investment outlay, or the option's time to maturity, or the cost of CO2 emission permits.
Abnormal mammography and sonography associated with foreign-body giant-cell reaction after stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy with carbon marking
Authors: Ruiz-Delgado M. L. , López-Ruiz J. A. , Sáiz-López A. 
Published: October 2008

Background: Carbon marking of the biopsy site and needle track following stereotactic breast biopsy in nonpalpable mammography-detected lesions provides for safe and accurate localization for subsequent surgical excision. No significant complications of carbon marking have been reported to date. Purpose: To report follow-up imaging findings and histological changes (foreign-body giant-cell reaction) attributable to the use of carbon marking after vacuum breast biopsies. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study of 130 patients in a mammographic screening program with nonpalpable suspicious breast lesions that were referred for stereotactic directional vacuum-assisted breast biopsy with carbon marking. Histological diagnosis was benign in all cases, but 1-year follow-up mammograms demonstrated suspect findings in four of them. Results: For all four patients, the results of the initial stereotactic vacuum-assisted biopsy were benign, but mammographic follow-up and ultrasound findings revealed suspicious changes that, in all cases, were histologically shown to be foreign-body giant-cell reactions attributable to the use of carbon. Conclusion: In four of 130 lesions (3%) that were carbon marked following stereotactic vacuum-assisted breast biopsy, and in which surgical excision was not required, the mammographic and ultrasound follow-up appearance of the breast simulated malignancy. The abnormality was attributable to the use of carbon, which represents a potential source of misdiagnosis.
Mechanism of Infection Thread Elongation in Root Hairs ofMedicago truncatulaand Dynamic Interplay with Associated Rhizobial Colonization
Authors: Fournier Joëlle , Timmers Antonius C.J. , Sieberer Björn J. , Jauneau Alain , Chabaud Mireille , Barker David G. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn temperate legumes, endosymbiotic nitrogen-fixing rhizobia gain access to inner root tissues via a specialized transcellular apoplastic compartment known as the infection thread (IT). To study IT development in living root hairs, a protocol has been established for Medicago truncatula that allows confocal microscopic observations of the intracellular dynamics associated with IT growth. Fluorescent labeling of both the IT envelope (AtPIP2;1-green fluorescent protein) and the host endoplasmic reticulum (green fluorescent protein-HDEL) has revealed that IT growth is a fundamentally discontinuous process and that the variable rate of root hair invagination is reflected in changes in the host cell cytoarchitecture. The concomitant use of fluorescently labeled Sinorhizobium meliloti has further revealed that a bacteria-free zone is frequently present at the growing tip of the IT, thus indicating that bacterial contact is not essential for thread progression. Finally, these in vivo studies have shown that gaps within the bacterial file are a common feature during the early stages of IT development, and that segments of the file are able to slide collectively down the thread. Taken together, these observations lead us to propose that (1) IT growth involves a host-driven cellular mechanism analogous to that described for intracellular infection by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; (2) the non-regular growth of the thread is a consequence of the rate-limiting colonization by the infecting rhizobia; and (3) bacterial colonization involves a combination of bacterial cell division and sliding movement within the extracellular matrix of the apoplastic compartment.