bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen über die Freisetzung der Bioelemente aus der organischen Substanz der Humusauflage in einem Buchenbestand
Authors: Mayer R. 
Published: February 2007

Investigations on the Transfer of Bioelements from Organic Matter to Soil Solution in the Humus Layer of a Beech StandMonthly and annual fluxes of bioelements were measured in two levels: (a) at the soil surface (= input) and (b) at the lower boundary of the humus layer (= output) by determination of amount and concentration of the precipitation (canopy drip), of the litter and of the seepage. Seepage was collected with funnel lysimeters. By comparison of both fluxes (input‐output‐analysis) for some bioelements mathematical equations could be derived which describe the transfer of these elements from organic matter to soil solution. The results are explained as consequence of the different bonds of the elements in leaf tissues and in humus substances.
System und Produkt in der Entwicklung von Daucus carota
Authors: Linser H. , Zeid F. A. 
Published: February 2007

System and product in the development of Daucus carota1. Like in wheat and oil radish, also in the carrot plant, a plant with a vegetative storage organ (the taproot), the synthesis of “system” and “product” in the leaves can be divided into two successive phases: after a period of system synthesis follows a somewhat longer period of product synthesis.2. The transition of metabolism from system synthesis to product synthesis occurs at about the 50th day after sowing and this transition is lower and less pronounced than in wheat or oil radish.3. The synthesis of system by the system of the leaves amounted to about 15% per day (of system weight) at the 50th day of the experiment. The synthesis of product of whole plants by the system of leaves amounted to 25% ‐ per day.4. Additional application of nitrogen before the 75th day of the experiment altered the relation product: system (in the dry matter) in flavour of system.5. Up to the 100th day of the experiment dry matter of leaves was increased whereas the increase of dry matter in the roots was observed up to the 140th day.6. Successive leaves contained a higher percentage of system (on total dry matter) at emergence of leaves in younger plants than in older ones. Apparently a connection between the percentage of system in total dry matter of the whole plants as correlated to the age of the plants and the content of system in the young developing leaves does exist. The conditions in the newly emerging leaves seem to be dependent on the age of the whole plant.7. As far as determined the synthesis of system by the system in each leaf in a leaf succession is not in contradiction to the assumption that system synthesis commences with similar relatively high values. During the vegetation period the system synthesis (in % of system weight/day) decreases and after the 25th to the 30th day (after the beginning of the analysis) it approaches zero.
CCC‐Rückstände im reifen Weizenkorn
Authors: Kühbauch W. , Amberger A. 
Published: February 2007

CCC‐Residues in wheat kernels during the ripening processBy a new method of column chromatography CCC‐residues were determined in kernels of wheat during the ripening process influenced by different amount of nitrogen and CCC application.In green kernels of wheat CCC‐residues reached a maximum value of 2.5 ppm and in fully developed state a minimum value of < 0.1 ppm. During the ripening process CCC‐residues decreased to < 1.0 ppm in mature kernels of plants treated with 1.5 kg CCC/ha. During storage a further decrease of CCC is possible. In rainy years CCC‐residues were smaller.
Die gaschromatografische Bestimmung nichtflüchtiger Carbonsäuren in Pflanzensubstanz
Authors: J.  , Merkel D. , Jungk H. 
Published: February 2007

The estimation of non‐volatile carboxylic acids in plant material by gas‐liquidchromatography..A method for the estimation of non volatile carboxylic acids in plant material by GLC is described. The organic acids or salts are extracted by 1 N HC1, separated from the cations, the neutral constituents, and the stronger mineral acids by ion exchangers. After the elutriation the acids are dried, dissolved in tetrahydrofurane, and transferred into trimethylsilyl derivatives by bis (trimethylsilyl) acetamide (BSA).The retention time and the specific peak area of 19 carboxylic acids are given. The reliability of the data is tested in three ways by the estimation of the total variance, the calculation of the variances of the different analytical steps by the aid of the variance analysis, and the determination of the losses. Malonate, succinate, fumarate, malate, aconitate, citrate, shikimate, and quinate are quantitatively determinable. In addition it seems feasible to estimate tartrate, cis and trans aconitate, citrate and isocitrate if both isomeric compounds in the same plant sample are present by the use of several different columns and to estimate uronic acids by the application of another silylating reagent. Oxalate and glycerate are indeterminable with this method.The time needed for 1 analysis is less than 1 hour. As the extraction and the chromatographic seperation should be repeated it is practicable to analyse the average of 2 plant samples a day.
Magnesium Diffusion in Soils at Different Water and Magnesium Contents
Authors: Mengel K. , Grimme H. 
Published: February 2007

Magnesiumdiffusion in Böden bei verschiedenen Wasser‐ und Magnesiumgehalten.Es wurde an 5 Böden die Mg2+ ‐Diffusion bei 2 Bodenwasserspannungen untersucht (pF 2.0 and 3.2). Es wurde dazu jeweils eine Bodensäule mit einem Ca2+ ‐ oder H+‐Ionenaustauscher in Kontakt gebracht. Beide wurden auf die gleiche Wasserspannung eingestellt, so daß keine Wasserbewegung zwischen Boden und Ionenaustauscher stattfinden konnte. Nach einer Woche wurden Boden und Ionenaustauscher getrennt und ihr Gehalt an austauschbarem Mg2+ festgestellt. Der Boden wurde vorher in Scheiben von 3–4 mm Dicke zerschnitten, die getrennt analysiert wurden.Mit steigendem Gehalt an austauschbarem Mg und steigender Mg‐Sättigung stieg der Mg2+‐Diffusionsfluß linear an. Jedoch wurde für jeden pF‐Wert eine eigene Regressionskurve erhalten.Dies zeigt, daß neben dem Mg‐Gehalt auch der Wassergehalt des Bodens Einfluß auf den Diffusionsfluß hat. Ein höherer Wassergehalt hat einen höheren Diffusionsfluß zur Folge. Das Produkt aus Mg‐Sättigung bzw. austauschbarem Mg‐Gehalt und Wassergehalt ergibt eine lineare, positive Beziehung zum Diffusionsfluß. Die Ursache liegt in der Abhängigkeit des Diffusionsquerschnitts und effektiven Weglänge vom Wassergehalt des Bodens.Bei hohen Wassergehalten nimmt der Mg2+‐Gehalt in der Nähe der Grenzschicht Boden‐Austauscher stärker ab als bei geringen Wassergehalten. Außerdem läßt sich bei höherem Wassergehalt eine Abnahme des Mg2+‐Gehaltes noch in einer größeren Entfernung nachweisen als bei niedrigem Wassergehalt.In diesen Versuchen erstreckte sich die Verarmungszone 12mm bzw. im trockeneren Boden 9 mm in den Boden. H+ ergibt als Gegenion stets einen höheren Diffusionsfluß als Ca2+, bedingt durch seine größere Beweglichkeit und wohl auch durch eine drastische Veränderung des Ionenmilieus im Boden.
Das Fortschreiten einer Störung des hydraulischen Gleichgewichtes in Abhängigkeit vom Wassergehalt des Bodens
Authors: Hartgen K. H. 
Published: February 2007

Transmission of hydraulic gradients in a sand column at various water saturation.On a sand column, in which 7 tensiometers installed at different height, 1, 2, 5 and 10 mm of water were applied. The progress with time of hydraulic head gradients was observed showing to accelerate with increasing wetness of the column whereas height of gradients and depth of soil up to which they were observable increased with decreasing water content.As from previous investigations too showing that translocation of clay increased with decreasing water saturation of the soil it is considered possible that this would explain the field observation that more intensive clay migration is found in relatively dry locations than in nearby wetter ones.Ich danke Herrn Dr. J. Richter für viele Hinweise bei der Interpretation der Ergebnisse und die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskripts, sowie Frl. W. Pfuhl für ihre Geduld und Sorgfalt bei den langwierigen Messungen sowie bei Herstellung von Manuskript und Abbildungen.
Molybdängehalte einiger Acker‐ und Grünlandpflanzen Schleswig‐Holsteins in Abhängigkeit von Bodenfaktoren
Authors: Massumi A. , Finck A. 
Published: February 2007

Mo contents of some crops and grassland plants of Schleswig‐Holstein in relation to soil factors.The Mo content of about 170 plant samples of typical soils of Schleswig‐Holstein were in the range of 0,2–11 ppm, increasing from grass to red clover, white clover and rape. By comparison with limiting values for adequate Mo supply (0,3 ppm Mo for red clover and probably also for the other three plants), a fairly good supply of the plants investigated can be deduced.The factors responsible for the varying Mo contents of plants are first of all the pH‐value, furthermore the content of active iron and available phosphorus in the soil. The different contents of oxalat‐soluble Mo had apparently no influence in this range of good supply. Whereas the correlation between one soil factor and plant Mo content was high only in some cases, coefficients of determination of up to 80% resulted from the use of several factors by multiple correlation.
Über die Wirkung von Phenylphosphoniumsäure auf Ertrag, Korn/Stroh‐Verhältnis und Stickstoffaufnahme bei Getreide
Authors: Linser Hans , Kühn H. , Judel G. K. , Bohring J. 
Published: February 2007

The Effect of Phenyl Phosphonic Acid upon Yield, Grain/Straw Ratio and Nitrogen Uptake of Cereals.The investigations presented confirm positive effects of phenyl phosphonic acid upon grain/straw ratio obtained by other authors. This improvement however resulted from a decreased yield of straw and not from an increased yield of grain, and was not accompanied by reduction of straw length. It is therefore of no advantage. An increase in the yield of grain and increased nitrogen uptake reported by other authors due to the application of phenyl phosphonic acid were not confirmed by the results of the present study.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen über das unterschiedliche Wachstum von Getreide im Feldbestand und in Gefäßen
Authors: Kick H. , Große‐Brauckmann E. 
Published: February 2007

Comparative investigations on the different growth of cereals in the field and in pots.Yields from pot trials, referred to soil surface area or soil volume, are generally higher than those obtained from field trials. The transposition of pot trial results to field conditions is thus debatable. Yields of summer wheat, obtained in the trials, described in this paper, were with the same fertiliser level about 47% higher in the pot trials than in the field. Additional nitrogen fertiliser even led to pot yields about 170% above the field yields. Phosphate fertiliser alone had no effect with the soils used. Nitrogen and phosphorus, on the other hand, particularly improved yields, so that pot yields in question were about 224% higher than those in the field. The phosphate content of the grain from pot and field trials only varied slightly, whilst in the straw it was greatly dependent on the yield and fertiliser applied. The lactate‐soluble phosphate towards the end of the trials also largely corresponded to the uptake and fertiliser level.Ear number in the pot trials was higher than in the field trials by a factor of 2.5–3.1., depending on fertiliser application. The corn/straw ratio was approximately the same at 1:1.66 with the same fertiliser in both field and soil. With the higher fertiliser levels, usual in pot trials the ratio narrowed to 1:1.06.The comparatively higher pot yields are therefore in the first place the result of higher fertiliser applications. Competition for light and water, diminished in comparision to field plants, of pot plants plays a small role under normal weather conditions, on the other hand, but becomes active with much higher nutrient supplies.
Torfeigenschaften und ungesättigte hydraulische Leitfähigkeit von Moorböden
Authors: Bartels R. , Kuntze H. 
Published: February 2007

Peat properties and unsaturated hydraulic conductivity of peat soils.Drainage of organic soils is closely connected with water supply of plants by the capillary fringe of the groundwater. Unsaturated flow of water was measured by the double‐membrane apparatus described by Vetterlein, which was modified for experiments with undisturbed peat samples. The influence of decomposition, nature of peat, ash content, bulk density (consolidation) and flux direction on unsaturated flow of water in peat soils was determined.The correlation to unsaturated water conductivity decreased in the sequence: decomposition, flux direction, ash content, bulk density. A dependence on bulk density exists only below pF 2.
Einfluß von konstantem und abnehmendem Nährstoffangebot auf Aufnahme und Verteilung von K, Ca und Mg bei Sonnenblumen
Authors: Al‐Badrawy R. , Döring H.‐W. , Bussler W. 
Published: February 2007

Influence on the uptake of K, Ca and Mg in sunflowers with a constant and a diminishing supply of nutrients..In a model‐test with sunflowers it was investigated how the K‐, Ca‐ and Mg‐content in the plants is reacting when (a) a nutrient solution maintained constantly at the same level is given as in a „good soil”︁ with a constant supply of nutrients, compared to (b) a solution with diminishing as in a highly fertilized soil but which hardly supplies nutrients itself. It was shown that, if the offer of the nutrient was constant, the cation content in the leaves could be maintained at the same level (the relation of cations is also maintained at the same time).Contrary to this with a diminishing nutrient solution due to removal of nutrients out of the solution without replenishing nutrients and the differentiated nutrient translocation the result was a lesser and lesser content of the nutrients inside the plant and more evident changes in the relation of cations, even before the insufficient supply was noted in a decreasing crop. Only in the leaves the relation of cations was nearly constant (K:Ca:Mg = 6:3:1).From these results it can be concluded that, through a high single supply of nutrients the effect of a constant flow of nutrients from the soil to the plant concerning the mineral contents of the plant cannot be compensated.
Der Einfluß von Rinderkotmehl, Bodenbakterien und Streptomyces sp. auf die Naßsieb‐ und Druckstabilität künstlicher Bodenaggregate
Authors: Jagnow G. , Banse H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

The influence of cow manure, soil bacteria, and Streptomyces sp. on the wet sieving stability and the mechanical strength of artificial soil aggregates..The wet sieving stability of fresh and the mechanical strength of artificially dried aggregates from a Parabraunerde rich in coarse silt, with and without addition of 0,5% of cow manure, was determined during colonization with natural flora (unsterilized, re‐moistened) and with pure cultures of 11 soil bacteria and a Streptomyces sp. (after sterilization with ethylene oxide) during a 21 day incubation period.The mechanical strength of dried aggregates was chosen as a direct measure for comparison with the wet sieving stability. The differences showed however, that these two parameters of stability were only weakly correlated. The wet sieving stability was initially low. After addition of manure this stability was markedly increased during colonization with mixed flora and with Pseudomonas fluorescens, whereas the mechanical strength increased only slightly. In unamended soil the wet sieving stability of small aggregates was increased significantly only by Streptomyces sp. The mechanical strength was higher than in amended soil and was highest in unsterilized soil and in soil colonized by Arthrobacter sp. The mechanical strength decreased strongly after prolonged incubation.Die Verfasser danken Frau H. Karnapp und Fräulein D. Eggelsmann für ihre zuverlässige technische Assistenz.
Einfluß einer Standraumverengung auf das Wachstum von Hafer in Gefäßversuchen
Authors: Große‐Brauckmann E. 
Published: February 2007

The influence of restricted spacing on the growth of oats in pot trialsPot trials can be carried out at plant densities, similar to those in field trials, using a special rotating apparatus. At the same time supervision of the trial is simplified and better use of available space made possible.Increasing plant density in trials with oats caused lower yields, higher straw yields, a lengthening of stalk, a wider corn‐straw ratio and a lower ear number.Irrespective of different fertiliser levels, about 2/3rds of the higher unit area yield obtained in pot trials in comparision to field is due to better light and about 1/3rd due to improved water supply.Pot trials at the highest plant density provide climatic conditions similar to those in the field. This can be of importance for practical experimental problems.
Litho‐ und Pedogenese bei Hanglagen des Sandstein‐Odenwaldes
Authors: Blume H.‐P. , Eaqub M. 
Published: February 2007

Litho‐ and Pedogenesis of slope positions of the Sandstone OdenwaldHilly slope positions of the Odenwald in SW‐Germany are characterised by solifluction deposits which were formed from mesozoic sandstone during the glacial age. The evaluation of texture and heavy mineral analysis showed different amounts of loess in different layers of the solifluction deposits. Clay migration seems to be the main reason for differences in clay content between soil horizons and took place mainly in deposits with low loess contents. These are also the deposits in which a pronounced podzolization took place.
Complexes of L‐proline with homoionic montmorillonite
Authors: Tahoun Salah A. 
Published: February 2007

Komplexe von L‐Prolin mit homoionischem MontmorillonitMit Hilfe der Infrarotspektroskopie wurde die Reaktion von L‐Prolin mit homoionischem Mg‐, Cu‐ und Al‐Montmorillonit untersucht. Die Aminosäure wird entweder als austauschbares Ion, als Zwitterion oder als Koordinationskomplex sorbiert. Das austauschbare Kation wie auch die Konzentration der Aminosäure bestimmen die Natur des Sorptionskomplexes. Unter keinen Bedingungen konnte eine Peptidbindung beobachtet werden.
Stickstoffverbindungen in Böden und ihre Beziehung zur Humusdynamik 1. Mitteilung: Fraktionierung und Bilanzierung der Aminozucker und der Aminosäuren ‐in den Ah‐Horizonten einer Rendsina und vier Sauer‐Braunerden des Göttinger Waldes
Authors: Aldag Rudolf , Kickuth Reinhold 
Published: February 2007

Nitrogen Compounds in Soils and their relation to humus dynamics. 1. Communication: Fractionation and balance of amino sugars and amino acids in Ahhorizons of one Rendsina and four Acidic Brown Soils in the Göttinger Forest.The Ah‐horizons of closely adjacent Rendsina (Redolls) and Acidic Brown Soils (Dystrochrepts) have been quantitated for hydrolyzable amino acids, amino sugars and ammonia.The Rendsina contained 64%, the Acidic Brown Soils between 75% and 80% nitrogen of total soil nitrogen as amino acid‐N, amino sugar‐N and as NH4–N. Within the Rendsina the amino acid‐N alone amounted to 41% and within the Acidic Brown Soils between 48% and 51% of total soil nitrogen.The gluko/galakto ratio (ratio of glucosamine to galactosamine on molar basis) of the Rendsina is 1.94 whereas that of the Acidic Brown Soils I and II amounts to 2.5. This strongly indicates that a fungal flora was predominating a bacterial one at these sites. The NH4/AG‐ratio (Rendsina: 1.27; Acidic Brown Soils I and II: 2.15 resp. 1.96) also shows marked differences of the sites in question. The NH4/AG‐ratio moreover indicates that the Acidic Brown Soils I and II ‐ by comparison with all other sites ‐ both contain appreciable higher amounts of NH4–N which can definately not be associated with the so called “Amid‐N”.
Eine elektromechanische Wiegevorrichtung für Lysimeter
Authors: Homeyer B. , Labenski K. O. , Meyer B. 
Published: February 2007

An Electromechanical Balance Set for LysimetersThe paper presents a detailed description of a simple electromechanical balance with a high load‐carrying capacity (up to 500 kp) and sufficient sensitivity (± 30 p) suitable for continuous recording small weight amplitudes of long soil monolith lysimeters. A low compact decimal balance set is combined with an electrical bend stress bar. Its electrical resistance values are used for remote weight recording by means of a compensator with analog‐digital converter contact. A test point commutator permits simultaneous reading of several scales.
Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Gibberellinsäurespritzungen auf den Ertrag, die Anatomie der Wurzel und die Karotinverteilung bei Karotten
Authors: Neumann K. ‐H. , Schwab B. 
Published: February 2007

Investigations on the Influence of Gibberellic Acid Treatments on Yield, Root Anatomy and Carotene Distribution of Carrot Plants.Application of GA3 onto the shoots of carrot plants increases shoot growth whereas root growth was reduced. Furthermore, due to the GA3‐application carotene content (Table 2) in the shoots was increased and decreased in the roots. Anatomical investigations of the roots revealed that apparently the reduction of root growth after GA3‐application was due to a decrease of phloem oriented cambial activity (Table 3).
Phosphate adsorption by Na−, Mg− and Ca−saturated soil clays
Authors: El‐Nennah Mohamed 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPhosphate adsorption by the homoionic clay (Na, Ca, Mg) of three soils with widely varying mineralogy obeyed the Langmuir isotherm. The Langmuir constants b and k were a function both of the nature of the dominant clay mineral present and of the saturating cations following the order: Ca++ ≫ Mg++ ≫ Na+. This order was in agreement with those predicted by the diffuse double layer theory. The sample having montmorillonite when saturated with sodium, exhibited a negative adsorption of phosphorus which changed to a large positive adsorption in the presence of 0.1 N NaCl; It was concluded that the exchangeable cations influenced the extent of P adsorption by controlling the accessibility of the edge clay surfaces to phosphate ions.
Bodenchronosequenzen aus Lockersedimenten der Lechterrassen
Authors: Wilke B. ‐M. 
Published: February 2007

Soil Chronosequences derived from Non‐Consolidated Sediments of the River Lech Terraces..During the glacial and postglacial periods 16 river terraces were formed in the Lech Valley. Their non‐eroded soils derived from carbonate rich gravel and from silt represent two chronosequences. The aim of this paper is to describe 9 series of the terraces No. 1, 8, 10, 13, 14 and 15 and to explain their genesis regarding the time as a soil forming factor.Due to the result of this paper the following conclusions were made:
It is assumed that the decalcification of the sediments started immediately after the terrace formation. With growth of vegetation the decalcification rate increased, with increasing age of the soils it decreased again.
Organic matter content of the soil remained constant for a long time.
Because of the high carbonate contents of the sediments the soils became acid very slowly. Even in the stadium of a brown earth (after approximately 3000 years) the grade of acidity is still minor.
The total CEC of the soils depends not so much on their age as on their thickness and their content of organic matter. The accretion of organic matter has the highest influence on the CEC increase in the initial stages of soil formation.
The silicate weathering started before the bulk sample was decalcificated completely.
Clay minerals were converted in the following way: Illite (mica) → Vermiculite → pedogenic Chlorite Smectites wheathered already in the stage of a brown earth (profile B3).
Clay illuvation took place shortly after the decalcification of the upper horizons. A reddish brown plasma was formed in the brown earths (B1, B2) and the red brown podsolics (L1, L2). It imparts the intensiv colour (5 YR 4/8) of the argillic horizons. The hue of this plasma is not due to a higher iron contents. It is presumed that the red plasma was formed during the Boreal, because the soils which derived from silt contain only a brown plasma.

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