bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Health services use in eating disorders
Authors: Striegel-Moore R. H. , DeBar L. , Wilson G. T. , Dickerson J. , Rosselli F. , Perrin N. , Lynch F. , Kraemer H. C. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundThis study examined healthcare services used by adults diagnosed with an eating disorder (ED) in a large health maintenance organization in the Pacific Northwest.MethodElectronic medical records were used to collect information on all out-patient and in-patient visits and medication dispenses, from 2002 to 2004, for adults aged 18–55 years who received an ED diagnosis during 2003. Healthcare services received the year prior to, and following, the receipt of an ED diagnosis were examined. Cases were matched to five comparison health plan members who had a health plan visit close to the date of the matched case's ED diagnosis.ResultsIncidence of EDs (0.32% of the 104 130 females, and 0.02% of the 93 628 males) was consistent with prior research employing treatment-based databases, though less than community-based samples. Most cases (50%) were first identified during a primary-care visit and psychiatric co-morbidity was high. Health services use was significantly elevated in all service sectors among those with an ED when compared with matched controls both in the year preceding and that following the receipt of the incident ED diagnosis. Contrary to expectations, healthcare utilization was found to be similarly high across the spectrum of EDs (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and eating disorders not otherwise specified).ConclusionsThe elevation in health service use among women both before and after diagnosis suggests that EDs merit identification and treatment efforts commensurate with other mental health disorders (e.g. depression) which have similar healthcare impact.
The relationship between prior psychiatric disorder and chronic fatigue: evidence from a national birth cohort study
Authors: Harvey S. B. , Wadsworth M. , Wessely S. , Hotopf M. 
Published: November 2007

BackgroundIncreased rates of psychiatric disorder have previously been reported in those diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) or myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), although the direction of causation in this relationship has not been established. We aimed to test the hypothesis that individuals with self-reported CFS/ME have increased levels of psychiatric disorder prior to the onset of their fatigue symptoms.MethodA total of 5362 participants were prospectively followed with various measures of personality, psychiatric disorder and fatigue levels collected over the first 43 years of their life. CFS/ME was identified through self-report during a semi-structured interview at age 53 years.ResultsThirty-four (1.1%) of the 3035 subjects assessed at age 53 years reported a diagnosis of CFS/ME. CFS/ME was more common among females, but there was no association between CFS/ME and either social class, social mobility or educational level. Those with psychiatric illness between the ages of 15 and 36 years were more likely to report CFS/ME later in life with an odds ratio (OR, adjusted for sex) of 2.65 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.26–5.57,p=0.01]. Increased levels of psychiatric illness, in particular depression and anxiety, were present prior to the occurrence of fatigue symptoms. There was a dose–response relationship between the severity of psychiatric symptoms and the likelihood of later CFS/ME. Personality factors were not associated with a self-reported diagnosis of CFS/ME.ConclusionsThis temporal, dose–response relationship suggests that psychiatric disorders, or shared risk factors for psychiatric disorders, are likely to have an aetiological role in some cases of CFS/ME.
Omnidirectional vision and conformal geometric algebra for visual landmark identification
Authors: López-Franco C. , Bayro-Corrochano E. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYThe automatic landmark identification is very important in autonomous robot navigation tasks. In this paper, we use a monocular omnidirectional vision system to extract the image features and the conformal geometric algebra to compute the projective invariants from such features. We show how these features can be used to compute projective and permutationp2-invariantsfrom any kind of omnidirectional vision system. Thep2-invariantsrepresent scene sublandmarks, and a set of them characterize a landmark. The advantage of this representation is that the landmarks are more robust than the single cross-ratio.
Application of motor algebra to the analysis of human arm movements
Authors: Berman Sigal , Liebermann Dario G. , Flash Tamar 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYMotor algebra, a 4D degenerate geometric algebra, offers a rigorous yet simple representation of the 3D velocity of a rigid body. Using this representation, we study 3D extended arm pointing and reaching movements. We analyze the choice of arm orientation about the vector connecting the shoulder and the wrist, in cases for which this orientation is not prescribed by the task. Our findings show that the changes in this orientation throughout the movement were very small, possibly indicating an underlying motion planning strategy. We additionally examine the decomposition of movements into submovements and reconstruct the motion by assuming superposition of the velocity profiles of the underlying submovements by analyzing both the translational and rotational components of the 3D spatial velocity. This movement decomposition method reveals a larger number of submovement than is found using previously applied submovement extraction methods that are based only on the analysis of the hand tangential velocity. The reconstructed velocity profiles and final orientations are relatively close to the actual values, indicating that single-axis submovements may be the basic building blocks underlying 3D movement construction.
Motion planning for multiple non-holonomic robots: a geometric approach
Authors: Xidias Elias K. , Aspragathos Nikos A. 
Published: November 2007

SUMMARYIn this paper, a geometrical approach is developed to generate simultaneously optimal (or near-optimal) smooth paths for a set of non-holonomic robots, moving only forward in a 2D environment cluttered with static and moving obstacles. The robots environment is represented by a 3D geometric entity called Bump-Surface, which is embedded in a 4D Euclidean space. The multi-motion planning problem (MMPP) is resolved by simultaneously finding the paths for the set of robots represented by monoparametric smoothC2curves onto the Bump-Surface, such that their inverse images onto the initial 2D workspace satisfy the optimization motion-planning criteria and constraints. The MMPP is expressed as an optimization problem, which is solved on the Bump-Surface using a genetic algorithm. The performance of the proposed approach is tested through a considerable number of simulated 2D dynamic environments with car-like robots.
Bill Staines's Bridges and the Art of Meta-Folk
Authors: MERCER-TAYLOR PETER 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFolksinger-songwriter Bill Staines came of age at the height of the mid-twentieth-century American folk music revival and has spent the years since then writing and playing music that seems impelled by the conviction that this vanished era's core stylistic premises and clear-eyed optimism remain as alive and available as they were at the revival's peak. Through this exploration of his 1984 album Bridges, I seek to show that Staines accomplishes this fantasy of the revival's continued vitality not, as his commentators frequently suggest, by clinging fast to decades-old stylistic practices but by introducing a dimension of reflexivity into his craft. What comes to matter is not music's political or social meaning but the self-conscious celebration of the idea of music having such a meaning.The article's first section explores Staines's self-mythologizing enfolding of his own persona into Woody Guthrie's in the Guthrie ballad that opens the album. The second section examines Bridges' poetic weaving of music into narratives of social redemption and personal self-actualization. The third section examines Bridges' many moments of diegetic song, which effectively collapse the worlds of Staines's poetic subjects into that of his immediate audience. The last section explores how melodic choices in the traditional song that closes the album have the effect of bringing many of the songs that precede it directly into the fold of traditional music.
White Masculinity in Barbershop Quartet Singing
Authors: MOOK RICHARD 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis article explores the cultural work of white masculinity in barbershop quartet singing in two historical contexts: the barbershop revival of the 1920s and 1930s and barbershop's struggle for survival in twenty-first century Philadelphia. It first details how revivalists attempted to re-create Victorian white masculinity by codifying and promoting a barbershop musical style and repertory that fostered closeness between men. By performing their musical style in public, masculine spaces, and admitting only white men to their gatherings, the organizers of the Barbershop Harmony Society opposed a number of contemporary social changes in the United States, including shifting gender roles, a rise in immigration, the economic instability of the Great Depression, and New Deal liberalism. The article then documents how and why barbershoppers in Philadelphia at the turn of the twenty-first century still perform this “close,” neo-Victorian mode of white masculinity. In this new context, barbershop whiteness enabled a group of white men to claim belonging in their racially divided city despite years of migration and displacement caused by deindustrialization and urban decay. In both historical moments, barbershoppers used whiteness to challenge social and economic change and to assert the continued relevance of their musical style.
Water drinking improves orthostatic tolerance in patients with posturally related syncope
Authors: Claydon Victoria E. , Schroeder Christoph , Norcliffe Lucy J. , Jordan Jens , Hainsworth Roger 
Published: November 2007

Water drinking improves OT (orthostatic tolerance) in healthy volunteers; however, responses to water in patients with PRS (posturally related syncope) are unknown. Therefore the aim of the present study was to examine whether water would improve OT in patients with PRS. In a randomized controlled cross-over fashion, nine patients with PRS ingested 500 ml and 50 ml (control) of water 15 min before tilting on two separate days. OT was determined using a combined test of head-up tilting and lower body suction and expressed as the time required to induce presyncope. We measured blood pressure and heart rate (using Portapres®) and middle cerebral artery velocity (using transcranial Doppler). SV (stroke volume) and TPR (total peripheral resistance) were calculated using the Modelflow® method. OT was significantly (P&lt;0.02) greater after drinking 500 ml of water than after 50 ml (25.4±1.5 compared with 19.8±2.3 min respectively). After ingestion of 500 ml of water, blood pressure during tilting was higher, the tiltinduced reduction in SV was smaller and the increase in TPR was greater (all P&lt;0.05). The correlation coefficient of the relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and pressure was lower after 500 ml of water (0.43±0.1 compared with 0.73±0.1; P&lt;0.05), indicating better autoregulation. In conclusion, drinking 500 ml of water increased OT and improved cardiovascular and cerebrovascular control during orthostasis. Patients with PRS should be encouraged to drink water before situations likely to precipitate a syncopal attack.
Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters
Authors: Jónsdóttir Ingibjörg G. , Marteinsdottir Gudrun , Campana Steven E. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Jónsdóttir, I. G., Marteinsdottir, G., and Campana, S. E. 2007. Contribution of different spawning components to the mixed stock fishery for cod in Icelandic waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 000–000. Otolith chemistry and length-at-age were used to estimate the contribution of different spawning components to the harvested stock of cod (Gadus morhua) at two of their main feeding grounds northwest and east of Iceland. Spawning cod were sampled at different spawning locations around Iceland in spring of 2002 and 2003. Significant differences were detected between cod from the different spawning locations. Cod of unknown stock origin were also sampled at two of the main feeding grounds in October of the same years. Analyses based on maximum likelihood were used to estimate the proportion of each spawning group in the mixed stock catches using otolith chemistry and fish length-at-age. Attempts to use otolith shape to estimate the contribution of the spawning groups to the mixed harvested stock were, however, unsuccessful. The results indicated that spawning locations northwest and north of Iceland, as well as in water deeper than 125 m south of Iceland, contributed the most to the harvested stock. Cod spawning shallower than 125 m south of Iceland did not contribute to the feeding grounds in October of 2002 and 2003. Therefore, exploitation of the feeding stock mixtures seems to be based on spawning components that have previously been considered to be of minor importance to the Icelandic cod stock.
Listric extensional fault systems ‐ results of analogue model experiments
Authors: Ellis P. G. , McClay K. R. 
Published: November 2007

Abstract Analogue models are a powerful tool for investigating progressive deformation in extensional fault systems. This paper presents exciting new insights into the progressive evolution of hanging wall structures in listric extensional terranes. Analogue models, scaled to simulate deformation in a sedimentary sequence, were constructed for simple listric and ramp/flat listric extensional detachments. For each detachment geometry homogeneous sand, sand/mica and sand/clay models were used to simulate respectively, deformation of isotropic sediments, of anisotropic sediments and of sedimentary sequences with competency contrasts.Roll‐over anticlines with geometrically necessary crestal collapse graben structures are characteristic of the steepening‐upwards segments of listric extensional fault systems in all of our models. With progressive deformation, crestal collapse grabens show hanging wall nucleation of new faults. Variations in graben size, amount of fault rotation and throw, are dependent on detachment curvature and amount of extension. Individual faults and associated fault blocks may significantly change shape during extension. Complex and apparently conjugate fault arrays are the result of superposition of successive crestal collapse grabens.Ramp/flat listric extensional fault systems are characterized by a roll‐over anticline and a crestal collapse graben system associated with each steepening‐upwards segment of the detachment and a ramp zone consisting of a hanging wall syncline and a complex deformation zone with local reverse faults. The roll‐over anticlines and crestal collapse graben are similar in geometry to those formed in simple listric extensional systems.The models demonstrate that the geometry of the detachments exerts a fundamental control on the evolution of hanging wall structures. Analysis of particle displacement paths for these experiments provides new insights into the mechanical development of roll‐over anticlines. Two general models for deformation above simple listric and ramp/flat listric extensional detachments have been erected.
The inception and early evolution of the North Alpine Foreland Basin, Switzerland
Authors: Allen Philip A. , Crampton Sarah L. , Sinclair Hugh D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe stratigraphy of the Eocene‐Miocene peripheral foreland basin in Switzerland consists of basal deposits of Nummulitic Limestones and Globigerina Marls representing a phase of deepening, followed by two shallowing‐up megacycles culminating in fully continental sedimentation.The onset of sedimentation was diachronous and took place on an unconformity surface with increasing stratigraphic gap to the north and west. In the Ultrahelvetic units, which were derived from the south and have a provenance between the Helvetic shelf and the Penninic ocean, the stratigraphic gap is minimal. This restricts the initiation of erosion of the southern European margin due to emersion to post‐Maastrichtian and pre‐late Palaeocene. This coincides with the final closing of the Valais trough and may therefore be interpreted as the point at which continental flexure s. s. started. In the autochthon, the subcrop map of the unconformity surface shows that the regional pattern of subcropping units is oblique to both neo‐Alpine tectonic structures and Helvetic (Mesozoic) passive margin structures. There are local zones of disruption to the broad regional pattern suggesting that the basal unconformity was corrugated. Both the paliaspastic restoration of the autochthon relative to the thrust front during the Palaeocene, and the regional pattern of erosion indicate that the basal unconformity may be due to erosion of a flexural forebulge.Following deposition of the shallow water Nummulitic Limestones and the deeper water Globigerina Marls, clastic sediments were shed from the orogenic wedge in the south. These turbidites, the Taveyannaz Sandstones, filled both ponded basins at the contemporaneous thrust front and the frontal trench or foredeep. Evidently, early thrusts drove at a shallow level into the embryonic basin as ‘front‐runners’, whereas most shortening and uplift continued to take place within the main part of the orogenic wedge further to the south. Eventually, the frontal palaeohighs, together with the turbidite basins, were buried by the northward emplacement of surface mud‐slides, and sediment depocentres were translated northwards onto the foreland.The most likely cause of the underfilled ‘Flysch’ stage is the rapid advance of a submarine thrust wedge over the flexed European plate which resulted in (i) low sediment fluxes and (ii) high subsidence rates associated with the rapid migration of the load and depocentre. Later, as the rate of advance slowed and the wedge became subaerially exposed, the basin rapidly filled with coarse‐grained detritus representing the ‘Molasse’ stage.
Early fill of the Western Irish Namurian Basin: a complex relationship between turbidites and deltas
Authors: Collinson John D. , Martinsen Ole , Bakken Bente , Kloster Anne 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Western Irish Namurian Basin developed in Early Carboniferous times as a result of extension across the Shannon Lineament which probably coincides with the lapetus Suture. During the late Dinantian, axial areas of the NE‐SW elongate trough became deep, whilst shallow‐water limestones were deposited on the flanks. This bathymetry persisted into the Namurian when carbonate deposition ceased. In axial areas, a relatively thick mudstone succession spans earliest Namurian to Chokierian whilst on the northwestern marginal shelf, a thin, condensed Namurian mudstone sequence, in which pre‐Chokierian sediments are apparently absent, rests unconformably on the Dinantian. From late Chokierian to early Kinderscoutian, the basin was filled by sand‐dominated clastic sediments. Sand deposition began in the axial area with deposition of a thick turbidite sequence, the Ross Formation, which is largely equivalent to the condensed mudstone succession on the flanks. Turbidity currents flowed mainly axially towards the north‐east and deposited a sequence lacking well‐defined patterns of vertical bed‐thickness change. Channels and slide sheets occur towards the top of the formation. The turbidite system seems to have lacked well‐defined lobes and stable distributary channels.Overlying the Ross Formation, the Gull Island Formation shows a decreasing incidence of turbidite sandstones at the expense of increasing siltstones. This formation is characterized by major slides and slumps interbedded with undisturbed strata. In the flanking areas of the basin, the formation is thinner, has only a few turbidites in the sequence above the condensed mudstones and contains only one slide sheet. Overall the formation is interpreted as the deposit of a major prograding slope, the lower part representing a ramp upon which turbidites were deposited, the upper part a highly unstable muddy slope lacking any conspicuous feeder channels through which sand might have been transferred to deeper water. Progradation of the slope appears to have been increasingly from the northwestern flank of the trough which is similar to the direction deduced for the overlying deltaic Tullig cyclothem which completes the initial basin fill.Whilst several features of the succession can be explained by envisaging the whole sequence as the product of one linked depositional system, the shifting directions of palaeocurrents and palaeoslope raise problems. The switch from axial to lateral supply casts doubt on the strict application of Walther's Law to the total sequence and seems to demand large avulsive shifts of the delta system on the shelf area to the west.
Stratigraphic record and palaeogeographical context of the Neogene basins in the Betic Cordillera, Spain
Authors: de Galdeano C. SANZ , Vera J. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Betic Cordillera (Southern Spain) acquired its present configuration during the Neogene. The formation, evolution and total or partial destruction of Neogene sedimentary basins were highly controlled by the geodynamic situations and the positions of the basins in the Betic Cordillera.It is impossible to reconstruct the geometry of basins formed during the Early and Middle Miocene, concurrently with the westward drift of the Internal Zones, because in many cases only small outcrops remain. The basins formed on the mobile substratum (the Internal Zones) are characterized by a sedimentary infill made up of synorogenic deposits, which were intensely deformed towards the end of the Middle Miocene, and which were heavily eroded before the beginning of the Late Miocene. In the External Zones, deposition mainly took place in the North Betic Strait, an area across which there was wide communication between the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, which received huge olistostromic masses in its more mobile sector (the foredeep basin), and which evolved differently in its eastern and western sectors.The palaeogeography of the Cordillera changed radically at the beginning of the Late Miocene, when the westward drift of the Internal Zones ceased. During this time the North Betic Strait disappeared and, in what had been its northwestern half approximately, the Guadalquivir Basin became individualized. This basin, which was located between the Betic Chain and the emerged Hercynian Massif, acquired a structure similar to that of the present basin and its extension was also similar to that of the present Neogene outcrops.Intramontane basins became individualized in the recently formed and progressively emerged mountain chain, reaching a development and size in this Cordillera much greater than in other Alpine chains. These basins are characterized by their thick infills, which are unconformable on the folded and deformed substratum, and which can be subdivided according to the different movements of the fault sets that controlled their evolution.