bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Identification of Sensory Blockade by Somatosensory and Pain-induced Evoked Potentials
Authors: Schmidt Gunter N. , Scharein Eckehard , Siegel Markus , Müller Jakob , Debener Stefan , Nitzschke Rainer , Engel Andreas , Bischoff Petra 
Published: March 2007

Background
To date, the anesthesia-induced blockade of nociceptive inputs is insufficiently reflected by commercially available electroencephalographic depth-of-anesthesia monitors. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the potential of somatosensory (SSEP) and intracutaneous pain evoked (iSEP) potentials during remifentanil and propofol anesthesia as electroencephalographic indicators of the nociceptive blockade.

Methods
Ten healthy men were investigated in a double-blind crossover design during three sessions with remifentanil, propofol, and placebo administration. All dosages were increased in a step-by-step mode. SSEP and iSEP recordings were performed followed by subjective pain ratings and measurement of level of sedation (modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness and Sedation Scale). Changes from baseline in evoked potential components, pain ratings, and sedation scale were assessed by Bonferroni-Holms-corrected Wilcoxon tests.

Results
Pain ratings were significantly reduced by remifentanil. Sedation scale was significantly reduced by propofol. Early SSEP components were not affected by medication. The amplitudes of the long latency SSEP components increased significantly with remifentanil, decreased with propofol, and did not change with placebo. The amplitudes of long latency components of the iSEP decreased significantly with both remifentanil and propofol and did not change with placebo.

Conclusion
Long latency components of the SSEP are differently affected by remifentanil and propofol administration. Further studies are needed to clarify whether they can serve as a specific indicator of the nociceptive blockade during anesthesia.
Neonatal Transient Eosinophilic Colitis Causes Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Early Infancy
Authors: Ohtsuka Yoshikazu , Shimizu Toshiaki , Shoji Hiromichi , Kudo Takahiro , Fujii Tohru , Wada Mariko , Sato Hiroaki , Aoyagi Yo , Haruna Hidenori , Nagata Satoru , Yamashiro Yuichiro 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:Lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGB), particularly in newborns, is of serious concern and requires urgent investigation and hospital care. Whereas allergic proctocolitis caused by food protein is a significant cause of LGB in infants with eosinophilia, there are several cases of diseases with symptoms similar to those of allergic proctocolitis but without an apparent allergic reaction influence.Patients and Methods:We examined 2 neonates using rectosigmoidoscopy who showed eosinophilia and experienced fresh LGB soon after birth and before their first feedings. Serum eosinic cationic protein (ECP) and platelet activating factor (PAF) levels were also examined in the second case to confirm the involvement of eosinophils for its pathogenesis.Results:Both patients were in a clinically stable condition, and their abdomens were soft. The results of their blood analyses, abdominal radiographs, and stool cultures were normal, but they had gross eosinophilia: the eosinophil counts were 9014/mm3 (patient 1) and 1955/mm3 (patient 2). Rectosigmoidoscopy with colonic mucosal biopsy revealed nodular lymphoid hyperplasia with a pale mucosal surface and massive oozing with diffuse eosinophilic infiltration in the lamina propria. In patient 2 the serum ECP and PAF levels were elevated to 123 μg/L (normal, <14.7) and 13.1 μmol/L/min (normal, <6). A few days after intravenous hydration therapy, LGB was no longer detected, and the serum ECP and PAF levels returned to normal.Conclusions:Inasmuch as these infants had LGB similar to allergic proctocolitis without any allergic reactions, we suggest that infiltrated eosinophils in the colonic mucosa could be involved in the pathogenesis of LGB in early infancy.
Early Central Catheter Infections May Contribute to Hepatic Fibrosis in Children Receiving Long‐term Parenteral Nutrition
Authors: Hermans Dominique , Talbotec Cécile , Lacaille Florence , Goulet Olivier , Ricour Claude , Colomb Virginie 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:Bacterial infections in infants constitute a risk factor for parenteral nutrition (PN)–related cholestasis. The possible role of infections in the development of liver fibrosis, the most severe long‐term complication, has yet to be documented. This study retrospectively compares the incidence of sepsis in children with and without severe liver fibrosis.Patients and Methods:Medical reports of 30 children in prolonged PN programs between March 1985 and March 2000 were reviewed. Starting at birth, the mean PN duration was 65 months (range, 8–150 months). According to the results of liver biopsy (LB), patients were split into 2 groups: group A (n = 16) with severe liver fibrosis (ie, septal fibrosis involving >50% of portal fields or cirrhosis) and group B (n = 14) with normal hepatic architecture or mild fibrosis (<50% of portal fields).Results:Duration of PN at the time of LB was shorter in group A (30.5 months; range, 8–96 months) than in group B (105 months; range, 37–150 months; P < 0.001). In group A the incidence of sepsis was significantly higher than in group B (3.2 ± 0.3/year vs 1.5 ± 0.2/year) and the first infection occurred earlier (group A, 1 month [range, 1–2 months]; group B, 4 months [range, 1–19 months]). By contrast, both groups were similar in terms of pregnancy duration, birth weight, age of PN onset, underlying diseases, mode of PN delivery, and number of cholestasis episodes.Conclusions:Incidence and early onset of infections may contribute to the development of liver fibrosis in cases of long‐term PN. New strategies are required in prevention and treatment of infections in children receiving PN.
Decreased Human Milk Concentration of Epidermal Growth Factor After Preterm Delivery of Intrauterine Growth‐restricted Newborns
Authors: Oslislo Anna , Czuba Zenon , Sławska Helena , Kaźmierczak Wojciech , Król Wojciech 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground and Aim:The aim of the study was to compare epidermal growth factor (EGF) concentration in 81 colostrum samples collected from mothers of newborns in the following growth categories: preterm appropriate for gestational age (AGA), preterm small for gestational age (SGA), and full term (FT).Results:Significantly higher concentrations of EGF were found in the colostrum of mothers who delivered premature AGA infants at less than 32 weeks of gestation compared with mothers who delivered premature SGA babies at the same gestational age.Conclusions:We concluded that the maternal compensatory mechanism accelerating the development of immature breast‐fed infants may be disturbed when gestation is complicated by intrauterine growth retardation.
Wireless Capsule Endoscopy in the Pediatric Age Group: Experience and Complications
Authors: Moy Libia , Levine Jeremiah 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:The development of wireless capsule endoscopy (CE) provides a unique opportunity to visualize the entire small bowel in a minimally invasive manner. Studies in adult patients have demonstrated that the disposable capsule is well tolerated and highly effective, but few studies have been done in children. The aims of our study were to compare the diagnostic yield of CE and small bowel series in children being evaluated for possible small intestine disease and to determine the risk of developing an adverse event following capsule endoscopy.Patients and Methods:We retrospectively reviewed the records of all children who underwent CE at 1 institution between August 2002 and July 2005. Results of CE were compared with those of small bowel radiographic studies when available.Results:There were 46 CE studies from 45 patients, 28 male and 17 female, with a mean age of 14.9 ± 3.6 years and mean weight of 49.7 ± 17.5 kg. The indications for CE included unresponsive Crohn disease (n = 16), possible intestinal polyps (n = 11), unexplained iron deficiency anemia (n = 7), growth failure (n = 5), unresponsive ulcerative colitis (n = 3), persistent abdominal pain (n = 1), protein‐losing enteropathy (n = 1), and allergic enteropathy with occult gastrointestinal bleeding (n = 1). Of the 46 CE studies, 41 were completed and 5 were incomplete studies. Based on the CE, 9 patients were newly diagnosed with Crohn disease, 9 patients with Crohn disease were newly diagnosed with small bowel involvement, 8 patients had upper intestinal polyps, 1 patient had findings consistent with Ménétrièr disease, and 1 had a duodenal ulcer. Thirty‐three patients had small bowel series before CE: 24 studies were normal, 6 had abnormal thickening of the small bowel, 2 had polyps, and 1 patient had antral narrowing. All 9 patients with abnormal small bowel series had abnormal CE studies. Of the 24 patients with normal small bowel series, 20 had completed CE studies, and in 10 children, the study was abnormal. Nine of the 45 subjects had adverse events. Five patients had delayed passage from the stomach, with 2 needing endoscopic retrieval of the CE, and 4 had delayed passage from the small intestine (>5 days), with 2 requiring surgical removal, 1 responding to steroids, and the final patient requiring an ileocolic resection 2 months after the CE for an undiagnosed ileal stricture. The only significant association noted was that older patients were more likely to have intestinal retention.Conclusions:CE provides a valuable tool in the evaluation of pediatric patients for possible small bowel disease. However, the risk of developing complications appears to be greater in the pediatric population, with 20% of our patients having an adverse event.
Metabolic and Nutritional Profile of Obese Adolescents With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: de Piano Aline , Prado Wagner L , Caranti Danielle A , Siqueira Kãli O , Stella Sérgio G , Lofrano Mara , Tock Lian , Cristofalo Dejaldo MJ , Lederman Henrique , Tufik Sérgio , de Mello Marco Túlio , Dâmaso Ana R 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:The incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing due to its prevalence in obesity, diabetes, and insulin‐resistance syndrome. The best treatment protocol for NAFLD has not been determined. However, there is evidence that exercise and nutritional intervention can improve and prevent it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dietary and metabolic profiles of obese adolescents with NAFLD who participated in a multidisciplinary program.Patients and Methods:We studied 43 adolescents ages 15 to 19 years (17.18 ± 1.66 years) with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30, consisting of 30 patients without NAFLD (BMI = 35.80 ± 3.44 kg/m2) and 13 with NAFLD (BMI = 33.47 ± 2.34 kg/m2). The NAFLD diagnosis was determined by ultrasonography. Blood samples were collected to analyze glycemia, hepatic aminotransferase levels, and lipid profiles. Insulin resistance was measured by homeostasis model assessment insulin‐resistance index (HOMA‐IR). The analyses of baseline and postintervention food intake were made by a 3‐day inquiry.Results:At baseline conditions, the patients with NAFLD showed significant differences in body mass, BMI, and visceral and subcutaneous fat. Glucose and visceral and subcutaneous fat presented a significant reduction after treatment in patients with NAFLD. Analyzing the food intake, at baseline we observed a positive correlation between the visceral obesity and lipid consumption only in patients with NAFLD. We also observed significant decrease in energy and cholesterol consumption in patients with NAFLD after the multidisciplinary therapy.Conclusions:The intervention promoted a decrease in the prevalence of NAFLD, a significant decrease in visceral obesity, and improved HOMA‐IR, glycemia, and serum lipid levels that are risk factors for NAFLD. In summary, the multidisciplinary program is essential in the treatment and prevention of NAFLD.
Are ecosystem carbon inputs and outputs coupled at short time scales? A case study from adjacent pine and hardwood forests using impulse–response analysis
Authors: STOY PAUL C. , PALMROTH SARI , OISHI A. CHRISTOPHER , SIQUEIRA MARIO B. S. , JUANG JEHN‐YIH , NOVICK KIMBERLY A. , WARD ERIC J. , KATUL GABRIEL G. , OREN RAM 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTA number of recent studies have attributed a large proportion of soil respiration (Rsoil) to recently photoassimilated carbon (C). Time lags (τPR) associated with these pulses of photosynthesis and responses of Rsoil have been found on time scales of hours to weeks for different ecosystems, but most studies find evidence for τPR on the order of 1–5 d. We showed that such time scales are commensurate with CO2 diffusion time scales from the roots to the soil surface, and may thus be independent from photosynthetic pulses. To further quantify the role of physical (i.e. edaphic) and biological (i.e. vegetative) controls on such lags, we investigated τPR at adjacent planted pine (PP) and hardwood (HW) forest ecosystems over six and four measurement years, respectively, using both autocorrelation analysis on automated soil surface flux measurements and their lagged cross‐correlations with drivers for and surrogates of photosynthesis. Evidence for τPR on the order of 1–3 d was identified in both ecosystems and using both analyses, but this lag could not be attributed to recently photoassimilated C because the same analysis yielded comparable lags at HW during leaf‐off periods. Future efforts to model ecosystem C inputs and outputs in a pulse–response framework must combine measurements of transport in the physical and biological components of terrestrial ecosystems.
Palaeoclimatic inferences from upper Palaeozoic siltstone of the Earp Formation and equivalents, Arizona‐New Mexico (USA)
Authors: SOREGHAN GERILYN S. , MOSES ANDREW M. , SOREGHAN MICHAEL J. , HAMILTON MICHAEL A. , MARK FANNING C. , LINK PAUL K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe Late Palaeozoic configuration of Pangaea contributed to a palaeoclimatic extreme that was characterized by both icehouse and monsoonal conditions. This study uses sedimentological, geochemical, and provenance data from silty facies of the Earp and equivalent Supai Formations (Arizona, New Mexico) to shed light on atmospheric circulation and glacial–interglacial climate change in westernmost equatorial Pangaea. Five silt‐rich facies comprise both loessite and marine and fluvially reworked loessite. An initial aeolian origin for the silt is indicated by the remarkably invariant grain size and the laterally continuous, sheet‐like geometry of beds. The silt‐rich facies occur in repetitive facies associations (1–20 m scale) that form mixed continental‐marine (loess, marine‐reworked loess), shallow‐marine, and continental (loess, palaeosol) ‘sequences’. Facies repetitions of both mixed continental‐marine and shallow‐marine sequences reflect a linked glacioeustatic–glacioclimatic control, whereas the continental (loess–palaeosol) couplets reflect a primary glacial–interglacial climatic cyclicity linked to glacioeustasy. Stratigraphic interpretations suggest that aeolian silt flux maximized during glacial to incipient interglacial stages (lowstand to early transgression), and decreased significantly or ceased during interglacials (highstand to early falling stage). Detrital‐zircon geochronological data indicate a transition from dominantly north‐easterly winds during the Middle Pennsylvanian to north‐westerly and south‐easterly winds by the Early Permian, which trend is inferred to reflect the onset of monsoonal circulation in western Pangaea. Relative grain‐size data support the detrital‐zircon data, and exhibit a significant decrease from the Sedona arch/Central Arizona shelf (north) to the Pedregosa basin (south) sections. Whole‐rock geochemical data suggest a relatively unweathered source for the silt in the north, and detrital‐zircon data indicate significant silt was derived from the local basement. These large piles of silt(stone) preserve valuable information for reconstructing both long‐term evolution in atmospheric circulation and short‐term fluctuations in glacial–interglacial climate. Many such indicators for long have been applied to ‘recent’ (Plio‐Pleistocene) loess, but are equally applicable to ‘deep‐time’ strata.
Powdery mildew resistance in winter barley cultivars
Authors: Dreiseitl A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPowdery mildew is the most common disease of barley in the Czech Republic and winter barley plays a crucial role in the winter survival and reproduction of the pathogen. This study was aimed at identifying resistance genes in winter barley cultivars grown in the Czech Republic from 1971 to 2005 by using the method of postulation. Forty‐one cultivars and a parental line were tested at the seedling stage for their reaction to 32 selected isolates of Blumeriagraminis f. sp. hordei. In total, 26 resistance spectra were detected and the following 18 resistance genes were found: Mla6, Mla7, Mla8, Mla13, Mla14, MlaMu2, MlaNo3, MlaRu4, Mlg, Mlh, MlLa, Mlra, Ml(Bw), Ml(Ch), Ml(Dr2), Ml(Dt5), Ml(IM9) and Ml(St). Two cultivars (‘Kiruna’ and ‘Sorna’) exhibited heterogeneity for mildew resistance. Another source of Mla13 and a possible centre of origin of Ml(Bw) are discussed.
A life‐threatening complication of the arterial tourniquet in Timothy syndrome
Authors: YATES DAVID , YATES ALAN , COLLYER THOMAS 
Published: March 2007

SummaryAn infant with Timothy syndrome, a congenital syndrome resulting in a long QT interval and high risk of death in childhood, is presented along with his perioperative management. Characteristic life‐threatening arrhythmias thought to be caused by excess sympathetic stimulation secondary to an arterial tourniquet are described.
Endtidal carbon dioxide monitoring in children with congenital heart disease during sedation for cardiac catheterization by nonanesthesiologists
Authors: COTÉ CHARLES J. , WAX DAVID F. , JENNINGS MELISSA A. , GORSKI CARLA L. , KURCZAK‐KLIPPSTEIN KIMBERLY 
Published: March 2007

SummaryBackground: This prospective observational study compared endtidal carbon dioxide (PECO2) with blood gas carbon dioxide (PaCO2) values in children sedated by nonanesthesiologists for cardiac catheterization.Methods: A nasal cannula designed to obtain gas sampling simultaneously from over the mouth and nares was taped into place after assuring a good waveform. Patients’ cardiac lesions, site of blood gas sampling andPECO2were recorded.Results: Two hundred and one blood/PECO2pairs were measured in 59 patients from 4 days to 18 years of age. Linear regression, Pearson correlation, and Bland–Altman analysis revealed a reasonable relationship (r = 0.493,P < 0.01, bivariate Pearson correlation) for all blood/expired CO2pairs even when the blood sample was obtained from an area of the circulation with shunting. There was no significant difference in the accuracy of the blood/PECO2pairs between infants who weighed ≤15 kg compared with children who weighed >15 kg. Thirteen children were diagnosed with partial or complete airway obstruction.Conclusions: Endtidal CO2measurement provides a reasonable reflection of blood CO2values if the expired gas‐sampling catheter is taped in place after assuring a good waveform. The veracity of the data was the same throughout the patient size range. Expired CO2monitoring is useful for assessing the adequacy of respirations and the patency of the airway in children 3–89 kg.
Postal survey of training in pediatric cardiac anesthesia in the United Kingdom1
Authors: WHITE MICHELLE C. , MURPHY TIMOTHY W. G. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryBackground:  There are no nationally agreed standards for training in pediatric cardiac anesthesia despite the recommendation of two reports. Since then, anesthesia training has changed because of the introduction of competency‐based training, the New Deal and the European Working Time Directive.Methods:  We surveyed consultant pediatric cardiac anesthetists to establish what training they had undergone and to compare this with what they would recommend for training in the specialty. We also wanted to determine the profession’s views on establishing training guidelines and what areas of practice to include when setting standards.Results:  Seventy‐three percent of consultants want the Royal College of Anaesthetists to set standards for training. The majority had spent at least 2 years training in general pediatric, adult cardiac and pediatric cardiac anesthesia as well as pediatric intensive care and had spent time gaining experience overseas.Conclusions:  They would recommend the same experience for others but this is unlikely to happen within the current constraints of specialist registrar training. Therefore, further training in a fellowship program in the UK or abroad is likely to be necessary.
Factors that predict changing the type of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor medication among men in the UK
Authors: Kell Philip D. , Hvidsten Kyle , Morant Steven V. , Harnett James P. , Bridge Sarah 
Published: March 2007

OBJECTIVETo evaluate predictors of changing the type of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitor (switching) among men with erectile dysfunction (ED) in the UK, the largest consumer of PDE5 inhibitors in Europe, as switching medication is often associated with higher resource use, and there are three oral PDE5 inhibitor medications currently available.PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients were identified from The Health Improvement Network database in the UK; men initiating therapy with sildenafil, tadalafil or vardenafil from May 2003 to August 2004 with ≥ 6 months of prescription history before and after their initial PDE5 inhibitor prescription were included. Switching was evaluated as the proportion of second PDE5 inhibitor prescriptions that were for a drug differing from the first. Logistic regression was used to adjust for factors that might be associated with switching (dose, age and the presence of hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes or depression).RESULTSOf the 2703 eligible men who initiated PDE5 inhibitor treatment during the study period, 91 (3.4%) switched to a different PDE5 inhibitor at their second prescription. The choice of initial PDE5 inhibitor therapy was a highly significant predictor of switching; men initiated on sildenafil were less likely to switch than those initiated on tadalafil (P < 0.001) or vardenafil (P < 0.003). Age and the presence of comorbidities were not significantly associated with switching (P > 0.05).CONCLUSIONInitiating ED therapy with sildenafil was associated with the lowest rate of PDE5 inhibitor switching, which might reflect treatment satisfaction and patient preference.
Increasing quality of life by improving the quality of skin in patients with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Halvarsson K. , Lodén M. 
Published: March 2007

SynopsisAtopic dermatitis is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease which usually starts during the first years of life. In patients with the disease, the quality of skin is severely affected, and this is closely linked to a reduced quality of life. An increasing prevalence of the disease has also been observed during recent years, which has been attributed to potential provocation factors in the environment. The environmental influence of the disease is complex, but the role of stratum corneum as a biosensor regulating the response to a variety of insults has been suggested as one crucial factor. Therefore, our daily hygiene and treatment of dryness are necessary measures to improve the quality of life and possibly reduce the frequency of the disease. Soaps as well as moisturizers show important differences in their impact on barrier function.