bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Performance of robust symbol‐timing and carrier‐frequency estimation for OFDM systems
Authors: Yen Nan‐Yang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn recent years, many maximum likelihood (ML) blind estimators have been proposed to estimate timing and frequency offsets for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. However, the previously proposed ML blind estimators utilizing cyclic prefix do not fully characterize the random observation vector over the entire range of the timing offset and will significantly degrade the estimation performance. In this paper, we present a global ML blind estimator to compensate the estimation error. Moreover, we extend the global ML blind estimator by accumulating the ML function of the estimation parameters to achieve a better accuracy without increasing the hardware or computational complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly improve the estimation performance in both additional white Gaussian noise and ITU‐R M.1225 multipath channels. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
International output convergence: evidence from an autocorrelation function approach
Authors: Caggiano Giovanni , Leonida Leone 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis paper uses an autocorrelation function (ACF) approach to develop a new testing procedure for international output convergence. We define convergence in terms of sample ACFs of detrended output per capita, and construct an inference set‐up based on resampling and subsampling techniques for dependent data. Using per capita GDP for 15 OECD countries observed over a century, we find that the hypothesis of conditional convergence is unsupported; that, the USA apart, the linearized neoclassical growth model fails to replicate the transitional dynamics of OECD economies; and that these economies do not behave like a club. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A combinatorial study of full Heusler alloys by first‐principles computational methods
Authors: Gilleßen Michael , Dronskowski Richard 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA combinatorial scan of a total of 810 full Heusler alloys is performed on the basis of first‐principles (GGA) total‐energy calculations using pseudopotentials and plane waves to predict their lattice parameters and magnetic moments. About 60% of the investigated intermetallics turn out as being thermochemically stable with respect to the constituting elements. The presentation of the calculated magnetic moments in a periodic system of full Heusler phases is accomplished and yields periodic trends for the physical properties as a function of their compositions and as a function of the valence‐electron concentration within a modified Slater‐Pauling scheme. In addition, hot synthetic spots with respect to magnetically interesting stable and also presumably metastable phases are identified to propose new and economically lucrative synthetic targets, and a series of new rhodium‐containing phases is analyzed in depth with respect to their electronic structures. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Applicability of DATEM for Chinese steamed bread made from flours of different gluten qualities
Authors: Ying Bi , Jun Li , Yunzi Feng , Zhuo Chen , Zaigui Li 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUD: The diacetyl tartaric acid ester of monoglycerides (DATEM) is an anionic oil‐in‐water emulsifier. The effects of DATEM on bread vary with the type of flour. However, there is insufficient information concerning the effects of DATEM on the qualities of Chinese steamed bread (CSB) even though it is also sold as a CSB improver.RESULTS: The effects of DATEM on CSB varied with flours. The overall qualities of CSB made from either weak or strong wheat flours were improved by the use of the additive, but the effects for medium strong flours were slight and uncertain. The effects of DATEM on individual parameters, such as specific volume, skin and inner structure, were similar to those on overall quality. The addition of DATEM increased the gluten strength and the dough stability of weak flour, whereas it weakened gluten strength and strengthened dough stability of strong flour. The addition of DATEM weakened the gluten strength and gave variable effects on dough stabilities for two medium strong flours.CONCLUSION: The effects of DATEM on CSB quality varied with flour type, by affecting flour characteristics, such as gluten strength, dough stability and lipid content. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
An empirical hierarchical Bayesian unification of occupational exposure assessment methods
Authors: Sottas Pierre‐Edouard , Lavoué Jérome , Bruzzi Raffaella , Vernez David , Charrière Nicole , Droz Pierre‐Olivier 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn occupational exposure assessment of airborne contaminants, exposure levels can either be estimated through repeated measurements of the pollutant concentration in air, expert judgment or through exposure models that use information on the conditions of exposure as input. In this report, we propose an empirical hierarchical Bayesian model to unify these approaches. Prior to any measurement, the hygienist conducts an assessment to generate prior distributions of exposure determinants. Monte‐Carlo samples from these distributions feed two level‐2 models: a physical, two‐compartment model, and a non‐parametric, neural network model trained with existing exposure data. The outputs of these two models are weighted according to the expert's assessment of their relevance to yield predictive distributions of the long‐term geometric mean and geometric standard deviation of the worker's exposure profile (level‐1 model). Bayesian inferences are then drawn iteratively from subsequent measurements of worker exposure. Any traditional decision strategy based on a comparison with occupational exposure limits (e.g. mean exposure, exceedance strategies) can then be applied. Data on 82 workers exposed to 18 contaminants in 14 companies were used to validate the model with cross‐validation techniques. A user‐friendly program running the model is available upon request. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combining unrelated family studies to improve the power of genetic association test
Authors: Cheng K. F. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractFamily‐based studies provide powerful inferences regarding associations between genetic variants and risks, but have limitations. Since very often, the availability of the parental genotypes can pose a problem for using family‐based design, especially when the disease of interest has a late age of onset. To improve the efficiency of the studies, a popular approach is to reconstruct the missing genotypes from the genotypes of their offspring and correct the biases resulting from the reconstruction. In this paper, the author shows that two or more unrelated family studies, for the same candidate marker but different diseases, can also be combined to construct a more efficient test for association analysis. The usual case–control study with parental genotypes is a special case of the data discussed here. The author used a simulation study to compare the performance of the new method with other well‐known methods. The results showed that the new test has an advantage of having larger power when there is no effect of population stratification between two study samples. However, if there is effect of population stratification between the two samples, the new test still maintains the expected type I error rate and has comparable power performance. Since the unrelated family studies not for the disease of interest are often readily accessible with minimal cost, the proposed method has practical value. The new approach can also be easily modified to allow for missing parental data. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Punktuelles Kleben mit Silikonen
Authors: Hagl Anneliese 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNeben den bisher theoretisch bis ins Detail untersuchten Verklebungen mit linienförmiger Ausdehnung – so etwa im Anwendungsfall von Glasfassaden der U‐förmigen Verklebung, welche bei der Herz‐Jesu‐Kirche gewählt wurde – sind auch punktuelle Verklebungen von Interesse für die Praxis. Unter “punktuell” sind hierbei nicht nur geklebte Punkthalter, sondern auch U‐, T‐ oder bandförmige kurze Verklebungen zu verstehen, die als diskrete Lasteinleitungspunkte an Glaskanten oder Glasflächen auf‐ oder eingeklebt werden. All diesen Verklebungen ist eigen, dass sie durch die freien Ränder eine wesentliche Einschnürung der Verklebung zulassen, was deren Tragfähigkeit und ‐verhalten maßgebend mitbestimmt.Auf der Basis von experimentellen Ergebnissen des Forschungsvorhabens “Geklebte Verbindungen im Glasbau” der Fachhochschule München sollen als weiterführende theoretische Untersuchung in diesem Beitrag die Wirkungsweise und die Bemessungsmöglichkeiten punktueller Verklebungsgeometrien aufgezeigt werden.
Prediction of pre‐eclampsia by a combination of maternal history, uterine artery Doppler and mean arterial pressure
Authors: Onwudiwe N. , Yu C. K. H. , Poon L. C. Y. , Spiliopoulos I. , Nicolaides K. H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo determine the value of combined screening for pre‐eclampsia by maternal history, and mid‐trimester uterine artery (UtA) Doppler imaging and maternal blood pressure.MethodsIn 3529 singleton pregnancies attending for routine care at 22–24 weeks' gestation we recorded maternal variables, and made UtA Doppler and mean arterial pressure (MAP) measurements. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the significant predictors of pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) among maternal characteristics, UtA pulsatility index (PI) and MAP.ResultsComplete pregnancy outcomes were available in 3359/3529 (95.2%) cases. Pre‐eclampsia developed in 101 (3.0%) pregnancies, including 23 (0.7%) in which delivery was before 34 weeks (early pre‐eclampsia) and 78 (2.3%) with delivery at 34 weeks or more (late pre‐eclampsia); 74 (2.2%) developed gestational hypertension, 366 (10.9%) delivered SGA newborns with no hypertensive disorders, and 2806 (83.8%) were unaffected by pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension or SGA. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that maternal characteristics, UtA‐PI and MAP provided a significant independent contribution in the prediction of pre‐eclampsia, gestational hypertension and SGA. For a false‐positive rate of 10%, the estimated detection rates of early and late pre‐eclampsia were 100% and 56.4%, respectively.ConclusionsThe combination of maternal demographic characteristics, and UtA Doppler and maternal blood pressure measurements is an effective screening tool for the prediction of pre‐eclampsia. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attrition in the Productive Lexicon of Two Portuguese Third Language Speakers
Authors: Cohen Andrew D. 
Published: November 2008

This study investigates loss of productive vocabulary in oral language, specifically in Portuguese as a third language for two English-Hebrew bilingual children, ages 9 and 13. The study investigated the lexical loss in Portuguese storytelling behavior after 1, 3, and 9 months of discontinued contact with the language. The analysis focused on the nature of the attrited productive lexicon, lexical production strategies used to compensate for forgotten vocabulary, and lexical retrieval processes during storytelling in Portuguese and in the children's two dominant languages.A significant decrease was found in the total number of words produced in the Portuguese stories of the two children after 9 months, both in comparison to word total in earlier months and in comparison to total words in English and Hebrew stories. There was greater attrition in the case of the younger subject after 9 months than in that of his older sister. He used a more limited number of different words, as well as fewer and shorter T-units per utterance, which was not the case with regard to his sister. He also attrited proportionately more nouns than words from other word classes.The subjects used at least six lexical production strategies in order to compensate for forgotten words—two of them L1-based (borrowing and foreignizing), and four of them intralingual (the use of a general word, approximation, circumlocution, and word abandonment). Their data also provided evidence of lexical retrieval processes. Examples of lexical production strategies and lexical retrieval processes are given.
The Long-Term Retention of French by Dutch Students
Authors: Weltens Bert , Van Els Theo J. M. , Schils Erik 
Published: November 2008

The present study investigated the retention of school-learned French language skills in Dutch students across a period of 4 years following the training period. Two training levels were investigated: 4 and 6 years of French training. The skills tested were all receptive: general receptive proficiency; listening and reading comprehension; and receptive phonological, lexical, and grammatical skills. In addition, self-assessment measures were administered.The results indicated that global skills improved, if anything, and that only lexical and, particularly, grammatical skills “attrited” during the period investigated. On the other hand, subjects' self-perception of their retention was much more negative.
The diophantine equationAx4+By4+Cz4= 0
Authors: Mordell L. J. 
Published: November 2008

In a paper (1) published in 1922 in theseProceedings, I conjectured that a curve of genus greater than one contained only a finite number of rational points, but this has never been proved. A particular case is given by the equation of genus three,and so any results for such equations may be of interest.
Möbius transformations in stability theory
Authors: Smith Russell A. 
Published: November 2008

1. Introduction: Consider the system of ordinary differential equationswhere the unknown x(t) is a complex m-vector, t is a real variable, D is the operator d/dt and a0, …, an are complex m × m matrices whose elements are continuous functions of t, x, Dx, …, Dn−1x. Furthermore, det a0 ╪ 0. In the special case when a0, …, an are constant matrices the trivial solution x = 0 is asymptotically stable if and only if all the roots of the characteristic equation det f(ζ) = 0 have negative real parts, where
Fluid motion in a rotating sliced cylinder
Authors: Durance J. A. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractSteady motion of a viscous incompressible fluid in a rotating circular cylinder with a sloping bottom is investigated at low Ekman number. The flow is driven by a lightly faster rotation of the top, and non-linear inertia terms are neglected.A solution is found for a shallow container of small bottom slope. The side-wall boundary layer is shown to have an almost axi-symmetric component as well as the asymmetric layer found by Pedlosky and Greenspan (3). A further asymmetry in the interior flow is produced by the presence of the second component of the side-wall boundary layer.
Hamiltonian approach to the method of summation over Feynman histories
Authors: Davies H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe Feynman method of quantization by summation over q-histories is extended to a summation over q, p-histories, corresponding to the classical variational method of treating q and p as independent variables. The equivalence of this q-p summation to the usual quantization procedure is shown in the Heisenberg picture by choosing convenient canonical coordinates and in the Schrödinger picture by obtaining the usual representations of the q, p operators.
Diffraction by a wide slit and complementary strip. I
Authors: Millar R. F. 
Published: November 2008

ABSTRACTIn recent years much attention has been directed towards the asymptotic solution of diffraction problems. In the present work, consideration is given to the relatively simple problem of the diffraction of an E-polarized plane wave by an infinite slit. The solution takes the form of a series in inverse powers of the ratio of slit-width to wavelength of the incident wave, and is based on the solution by successive substitutions of a pair of integral equations. The current densities induced on both halves of the screen are calculated, from which is deduced the electric field in the slit. The far-field is determined from the aperture distribution, and an asymptotic expression is found for the transmission coefficient as a function of the angle of incidence and the ratio of slit-width to wavelength.While most previous work has been confined to near-normal incidence, the present theory is uniformly valid for all angles of incidence.
The decay constant of radium emanation
Authors: Bastings L. 
Published: November 2008

(1) A method has been devised and applied for measuring the decay Constant of radium emanation, the method depending on careful comparisons with a simple electroscope under the most favourable conditions.(2) A mean value for the Constant of radium emanation has been obtained, with an error unlikely to exceed 0·2 per cent.: λ = 0·1808 day−1, or half-period 3·833 days.
The generalization of modal subspaces in the complex domain
Authors: Swann H. , Atkinson C. P. , Dhoopar B. L. 
Published: November 2008

The purpose of this paper is to present the concept of ‘modal subspaces’ for systems of coupled non-linear autonomous homogeneous second-order differential equations of the complex variablesz1,z2. This development is an extension of the previous paper, entitled ‘Modal subspaces in the complex domain’, by Atkinson and Swann (6), which dealt with a pair of coupled non-linear autonomous homogeneous second-order differential equations of the formDifferentiation is with respect to a real variabletandajkandbjkare constants which may be complex:nis any positive integer:f1andf2are the real and imaginary parts respectively ofg1andg2are real and imaginary parts respectively ofandzj=xj+iyj(j= 1, 2).
Generators for certain normal subgroups of (2,3,7)
Authors: Leech John 
Published: November 2008

The infinite groupis the group of direct symmetry operations of the tessellation {3,7} of the hyperbolic plane ((3), chapter 5). This has the smallest fundamental region of any such tessellation, and related to this property is the fact that the group (2, 3, 7) has a remarkable wealth of interesting finite factor groups, corresponding to the finite maps obtained by identifying the results of suitable translations in the hyperbolic plane. The simplest example of this is the group LF(2,7), which is Klein's simple group of order 168. I have studied this group in an earlier paper ((4)), showing inter alia that the group is obtained as a factor group of (2,3,7) by adjoining any one of the relationseach of which implies the others. The method used was to find a set of generators for the normal subgroup with quotient group LF(2,7) and, working entirely within this subgroup, to exhibit that any one of these relations implies its collapse. The technique of working with this subgroup had been developed earlier and applied in (6) to prove that the factor groupis finite and of order 10,752.
The H-function and its application to a problem in semi-circular electron focusing in metals
Authors: Hawkins F. M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a method is given for solving certain types of integral equations. It involves a technique of building up the solution of the given integral equation from that of a much simpler auxiliary equation and a consideration of this auxiliary equation forms a large section of the work. The method of solution is applied to a particular problem in semi-circular electron focusing in metals.
Note on a Property of Continuous Arcs
Authors: Ayres W. L. 
Published: November 2008

1. In a note in these Proceedings, Mr S. Verblunsky proves the following result:Theorem A. Let C be a continuous arc joining the points (x1, y0) and (x2, y0), where x2 > x1. Suppose that C does not cross the line y = y0. Then, given any positive h < x2 − x1, there is α yh such that some two points (ξ1, yh), (ξ2, yh), in which y = yh cuts C, satisfy the relation ξ2 − ξ1 = h.
On the possibility of a thermal effect accompanying sudden changes in the magneton-numbers in CuCl2 and NiSO47 H2O
Authors: Kothari D. S. 
Published: November 2008

1. The temperature variation of the paramagnetic susceptibility of most of the solids follows the generalised Curie lawas found first by Kamerlingh Onnes and Weiss. This gives a linear relation between 1/ψ and T. The value of C is a measure of the atomic magnetic moment, and if this moment is expressed in terms of the Weiss magneton-number p, thenwhere CM is the value of C when ψ refers to a gram-molecule. The experimental results for a paramagnetic substance are usually expressed in terms of p and θ. Weiss (1), Foex (2), Cabrera and others have found that in some substances there are discontinuities in the slope of the 1/ψ, T curve. Thus Weiss (3) finds that magnetite above its Curie point shows several sudden changes in the 1/ψ, T curve, which he has interpreted as corresponding to the magneton-numbers p = 4, 5, 6, 8,10. Similarly, for cupric chloride (anhydride) Weiss (4) gives p= 9.2 and 10, for the temperature ranges — 140° to 20° and 20° to 500° respectively. Nickel sulphate (5) has also been found to possess a transition point at about — 113°, where the p value on cooling changes from 14.6 to 18.2.
Some observations on the theory of interchange of vibrational and translational energy
Authors: Zener C. 
Published: November 2008

The same perturbation method is found to be valid for a gentle mutual potential between free atom and vibrator as for an infinitely steep mutual potential, provided that the reduced mass of the system is sufficiently small.A simplified method is discussed for the calculation of transition probabilities. This method is used to calculate the effect of a van der Waals' attractive field.
On a group of 1440 birational transformations of four variables that arises in considering the projective equivalence of double sixes
Authors: Burnside W. 
Published: November 2008

The lines of a double-six will here be represented by the usual notationwhere two lines whose symbols are in the same line or same column of this scheme are non-intersectors and all other pairs of lines intersect. Any six of the lines, no two of whose symbols are in the same column, and just three are in the same row, are generators of a quadric, and the actual position in space of each of the other six is determined by the two points in which it intersects this quadric.
Some Generalizations of Montel's Theorem
Authors: Cartwright Mary L. 
Published: November 2008

1. There are two well-known theorems on the limit of a bounded function at a point.Montel's Theorem. Suppose that f (z) is regular for | arg z | ≤ α, | z | ≤ 1, except perhaps at z = 0, and that f(z) is bounded in that region. Suppose also that f(z) → l as z → 0 along arg z = β, where | β | < α. Then f(z) → l as z → 0 uniformly for | arg z | ≤ α − δ for every δ > 0.
Cauchy's Problem in a Non-Linear Partial Differential Equation of Hyperbolic Type
Authors: Siddiqi M. Raziuddin 
Published: November 2008

Let p (x) be an essentially positive function defined in the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ π. We consider the non-linear partial differential equationfor the boundary conditions u (x, t) = 0,for x = 0 and x = π,
The Second Mean Value Theorem in the Integral Calculus
Authors: Dixon A. C. 
Published: November 2008

Hobson has given a proof of this theorem in its fullest generality. The present note gives an alternative for part of Hobson's argument. The theorem may be stated in two forms. If f(x) is a function of x, monotone when a ≤ x ≤ b, and φ(x) is integrable over the same range, thenwhere a ≤ X ≤ b,(ii) the same holds with a < X < b except in some trivial cases where f(x) is constant in the open interval a < x < b. The form (ii) is not mentioned by Hobson.