bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of hyaluronan oligosaccharides for angiogenesis study
Authors: Gao Feng , Cao Manlin , Yang Cuixia , He Yiqing , Liu Yiwen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLow molecular weight hyaluronan (HA) is proved to be active in stimulating endothelial cell (EC) proliferation. The study is to obtain biological active HA fragments of defined length from high molecular weight HA for angiogenesis research. A novel method, by a high‐voltage polyacrylamide‐gel electrophoresis (PAGE) that uses specific fluorophore labeling, was developed to identify the degraded products digested from native high molecular weight HA. The polymer HA was digested by hyaluornidase partially, and the enzymatic fragments of HA or HA oligosaccharides (o‐HAs) were analyzed for molecular sizes by a combination of PAGE, high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and mass spectrometry (MS). The purified HA oligomers were pooled and the biological effects of the mixtures on EC proliferation were studied, by separating the digests of HA fragments by size exclusion chromatography on a Bio‐Gel P‐10 column. The prepared o‐HAs were collected and analyzed by a series of methods, PAGE, HPLC, and MS, which indicated a mixture of oligosaccharides covering a range of different sizes from 4 to 20‐mer. The minimal molecular size determined by the special PAGE was 2 disaccharide, and the method can determine o‐HA mass as high as 10 disaccharide (seeing the least clear band as much as possible on gel). Fractions containing HA fragments with sizes from 4 to 20‐mer were pooled by distinct oligosaccharide species and added to the culture of pig endothelial cell (PIEC) for biological activities study. A significant increase in EC proliferation was found in comparison with nondigested high molecular weight HA. Our results suggested that o‐HA can be obtained by a method of fluorophore‐labeled olyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for identifying as small as 4‐mer oligomer HA from high molecular weight HA‐digested products. This method was proved to be sensitive, simple, and rapid in characterizing saccharides, which may be used by replacing the complicated ways of HPLC and MS. The prepared o‐HA was found to be active in stimulating EC proliferation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Polyethersulfone dead‐end tube as a scaffold for artificial lacrimal glands in vitro
Authors: Long Li , Liu Zongbin , Wang Ting , Deng Xiaopei , Yang Kaiguang , Li Longjiang , Zhao Changsheng 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPolyethersulfone (PES) dead‐end tubes were fabricated by means of a phase inversion technique, and then were used as scaffolds for artificial lacrimal glands. The wall of the dead‐end tubes could allow nutrients such as ascorbic acid, L‐tryptophan, and glucose to pass through, but prevents rat IgG from passing through. Lacrimal acinar epithelial cells of Sprague‐Dawley rats were cultured in vitro, and cell‐associated secretory component was detected with an immunofluorescence technique to identify the acinar cells. The second passage of the cells showed high degree of cellular differentiation, and was used to seed on the PES tubes. The results showed that the PES tube could support the attachment, the growth, and the proliferation of the rat lacrimal acinar cells. Thus, PES is a substrate for the growth of lacrimal acinar cells and may be a useful scaffolding biomaterial for tissue engineering, such as a scaffold for artificial lacrimal glands. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Pin‐on‐disc evaluation of self‐reinforced composite poly(methyl methacrylate) for total joint replacements
Authors: Peers William J. , Wright‐Charlesworth Debra D. , Miskioglu Ibrahim 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFemoral components of hip replacements are commonly anchored in the femur with bone cement or poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). Wear or fracture of bone cement can lead to loosening of the femoral component, which drastically affects the success and longevity of hip replacements. Self‐reinforced composite PMMA (SRC‐PMMA) has been previously developed for potential use, as a precoat material for hip replacements. The composite consists of high strength fibers that have been shown to have greatly improved mechanical properties over bulk PMMA. The goal of this work was to examine SRC‐PMMA for improved wear properties, as a function of processing temperature. Pin‐on‐disc tests were used to characterize and rank the wear rates of SRC‐PMMA and PMMA. Composites made with higher processing temperatures had significantly lower wear rates than do PMMA at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The lowest wear rate was 8.2 μg/m, at a processing temperature of 136°C, compared to a wear rate for PMMA of 13.3 μg/m. At the lowest processing temperature (105°C), a wear rate higher than PMMA was found, and failure was dominated by fiber delamination. In the more completely processed samples (122°C ≤ T ≤ 150°C), wear rates were equivalent to or better than PMMA, and smoother and more homogenous wear was noted in wear tracks. Fatigue cracks were prominent at higher processing temperatures or when the wear pin was riding orthogonal to fibers. Wear particles were collected and examined. Wear particle diameter and aspect ratio showed no correlation to processing temperature, but were similar to particles retrieved from human tissue samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Modulation of protein release from biodegradable core–shell structured fibers prepared by coaxial electrospinning
Authors: Jiang Hongliang , Hu Yingqian , Zhao Pengcheng , Li Yan , Zhu Kangjie 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBiodegradable core–shell structured fibers with poly(ε‐caprolactone) as shell and bovine serum albumin (BSA)‐containing dextran as core were prepared by coaxial electrospinning for incorporation and controlled release of proteins. BSA loading percent in the fibers and its release rate could be conveniently varied by the feed rate of the inner dope during electrospinning. With the increase in the feed rate of the inner dope, there was an associated increase in the loading percent and accelerated release of BSA. Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was added to the shell section of the fibers to further finely modulate the release behavior of BSA. It was revealed that the release rate of BSA increased with the PEG percent in the shell section. By varying the feed rate of the inner dope and PEG content, most of BSA could be released from the core–shell structured fibers within the period of time ranging from 1 week to more than 1 month. The effect of the feed rate of the inner dope and addition of PEG into the shell section on the fiber morphology was also examined by scanning electron microscope. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Titanium particles and surface‐bound LPS activate different pathways in IC‐21 macrophages
Authors: Schwab Luciana P. , Xing Zhiqing , Hasty Karen A. , Smith Richard A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt is still unknown if wear‐debris particles themselves induce osteolysis or if they serve a functional role as receptors for ligands that incite an inflammatory response that ultimately leads to bone resorption. In this study, commercially pure titanium particles (cpTi) were subjected to a serial combination of different cleaning methods to remove Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or were incubated in LPS solutions of known concentrations. Then, the response of the macrophage cell line IC‐21 to the cleaned particles, LPS‐bound Ti particles, and soluble LPS was examined. It was found that cleaned particles up to 1000 particles per cell did not stimulate macrophages to release Tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) or Interleukin 6 (IL‐6), but they significantly increased the release of Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) when the particle concentration was higher than 500 particles per cell. At one particle per cell, Ti particles bound with LPS stimulated the release of IL‐6 and TNF‐α by macrophages. The level of released cytokines was dependent on, and correlated with, the amount of LPS present on the particles. The macrophages were more sensitive to soluble LPS than to particle‐bound LPS, and the simultaneous addition of cleaned Ti particles did not have additional effects on the effects of soluble LPS. This study shows evidence that, cpTi particles and LPS have distinct mechanisms of action on the IC‐21 macrophages, but that both contribute to the development of an inflammatory response. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Effects of autologous platelet lysates on ceramic particle resorption and new bone formation in critical size defects: The role of anatomical sites
Authors: Soffer E. , Ouhayoun J. P. , Meunier A. , Anagnostou F. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of rabbit autologous platelet lysates (APL) on the performance of fillers consisting of calcium carbonate ceramic particles (CP) pertinent to new bone formation and repair. Critical‐size defects in rabbit femurs and calvaria were filled with CP alone, CP plus APL, and CP plus APL with or without thrombin (THR). After 6 weeks, resorption of CP occurred under all conditions tested in the present study. Compared with respective CP alone controls, addition of APL resulted in significantly higher ceramic resorption, as evidenced by decreased ceramic particle diameter (p < 0.01) and number (p < 0.01) at both defect sites. The presence of THR prevented reduction of both CP diameter and number in the femoral defect sites. Addition of APL to the CP resulted in a significant (p < 0.03) decrease in new bone area at the calvarial sites, but not at the femoral sites; moreover, when THR was added to the CP plus APL fillers, bone formation in the femoral defects was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced. In addition to differences in the respective anatomical and cellular milieu, the biochemical events induced by mechanical loading at the femurs may explain the reduced ceramic particle resorption as well as the enhanced new bone formation when compared with the results obtained at the calvarial defect sites. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Medium (DMEM/F12)‐containing chitosan hydrogel as adhesive and dressing in autologous skin grafts and accelerator in the healing process
Authors: Kiyozumi Tetsuro , Kanatani Yasuhiro , Ishihara Masayuki , Saitoh Daizoh , Shimizu Jun , Yura Hirofumi , Suzuki Shinya , Okada Yoshiaki , Kikuchi Makoto 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAutologous skin grafts are considered necessary for the treatment of extensive skin defects. However, skin graft by suturing is a time‐consuming medical handling and rather stressful event for recipients. To that end, tissue adhesives have been suggested in skin grafts. Chitosan hydrogel is well known as a wound dressing and tissue adhesive material showing biocompatibility, anti‐infective activity, and the ability to accelerate wound healing. In this report, we evaluated the application of the chitosan hydrogel as a tissue adhesive in skin grafts. Although chitosan hydrogel shortened the operation time and resulted in a high graft absorption rate in comparison with suturing, wound epithelization was rather retarded. On the other hand, chitosan hydrogel was found more biocompatible than the commonly used tissue adhesive octyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. When the chitosan hydrogel was premixed with a serum‐free tissue culture medium DMEM/F12, it was found to easily degrade and promote wound epithelization. Histological examination revealed that the medium (DMEM/F12)‐containing chitosan hydrogel was associated with the accumulation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and neovascularization. In addition, immunohistochemical staining showed that the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was localized in the chitosan hydrogel degraded matrices. And infiltration of leukocytes determined the degradation activity with the D‐glucose in the medium (DMEM/F12) suggested to play a central role in chitosan hydrogel degradation. Therefore, the medium (DMEM/F12)‐containing chitosan hydrogel may become commonly accepted as a beneficial wound dressing and tissue adhesive in extensive wound management and skin grafts. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Evaluation of a bioresorbable polylactide sheet for the reduction of pelvic soft tissue attachments in a porcine animal model
Authors: Walsh William R. , Evans Richard O.N. , Iliopoulos Jim , Cornwall G. Bryan , Thomas Kevin A. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn an adult porcine model, the effectiveness of a bioresorbable film to minimize soft tissue attachment to the pelvic viscera was evaluated at 4‐week and 12‐week endpoints. Following a transperitoneal laparotomy through a midline incision, the bladder and uterus were abraded in all animals to promote soft tissue attachment to the viscera. Control animals received no further treatment. The experimental group animals were treated with bioresorbable polylactide (PLa) sheets, 0.02 mm thick, one between the bladder and the abdominal wall, and a second sheet between the bladder and the uterus. Quantitative assessment of the severity and location of soft tissue attachments, and qualitative histologic assessment were performed at 4 and 12 weeks post‐operatively. Statistically significant differences in the quantitative soft tissue attachment scores were observed in comparing the PLa film treated animals versus the control animals, at both the 4‐week and 12‐week time points. In the control animals, the formation of numerous thick fibrous bands was observed at both time points. Histology revealed no adverse reaction to the bioresorbable PLa barrier film. The bioresorbable PLa sheet provided an effective barrier between adjacent anatomical structures and minimized soft tissue attachments to the device when in contact with the viscera as compared to the control groups. Surgical dissection planes between the abdominal wall and adjacent soft tissues were maintained with the use of the PLa sheet at both time points. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Reaction mechanism of the CCN radical with nitric oxide
Authors: Jin Lin , Ding Yi‐Hong , Wang Jian , Sun Chia‐Chung 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo investigate the possibility of the carbyne radical CCN in removal of nitric oxide, a detailed computational study is performed at the Gaussian‐3//B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level on the CCN + NO reaction by constructing the singlet and triplet electronic state [C2N2O] potential energy surfaces (PESs). The barrierless formation of the chain‐like isomers NCCNO (singlet at −106.5, triplet cis at −48.2 and triplet trans at −47.6 kcal/mol) is the most favorable entrance attack on both singlet and triplet PESs. Subsequently, the singlet NCCNO takes an O‐transfer to form the branched intermediate singlet NCC(O)N (−85.6), which can lead to the fragments CN + NCO (−51.2) via the intermediate singlet NCOCN (−120.3). The simpler evolution of the triplet NCCNO is the direct N–O rupture to form the weakly bound complex triplet NCCN…O (−56.2) before the final fragmentation to NCCN + 3O (−53.5). However, the lower lying products 3NCN + CO (−105.6) and 3CNN + CO (−74.6) are kinetically much less competitive. All the involved transition states for generation of CN + NCO and NCCN + 3O lie much lower than the reactants. Thus, the novel reaction CCN + NO can proceed effectively even at low temperatures and is expected to play a role in both combustion and interstellar processes. Significant differences are found on the singlet PES between the CCN + NO and CH + NO reaction mechanisms. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 883–893, 2006
The ‘partnership’ between international NGOs (non‐governmental organisations) and local NGOs in Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmad Mokbul Morshed 
Published: March 2006

Abstract‘Partnership’ has become a standard buzzword in the NGO and ‘development’ world. Until 1980s it was common for many Northern NGOs (NNGOs) to implement their own ‘development’ programmes and projects. This implementation approach has shifted to one in which local ‘partner’ organisations are identified and do most of the work, with the NNGOs in a funding and organisational support role. Also many Northern donors started funding the Southern NGOs directly making many NNGOs irrelevant. This paper reviews the current literature on ‘partnership’ between Northern and Southern NGOs and concludes that the new role of the NNGOs in the North should be to work with governments and business to change policies which create poverty in both the North and the South. It also examines the ‘partnership’ between a NNGO (Save the Children (UK)) and local NGOs in Bangladesh. There are probably more and bigger NGOs in Bangladesh than in any other country of its size. This paper concludes that in Bangladesh the relationship is led by the financial constraints of the NNGOs not by any intention to build partnership. In other words it is ‘donorship’ rather than ‘partnership’. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development policy, inequity and civil war in Nepal
Authors: Sharma Kishor 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIt is argued that the civil war which erupted in Nepal in the mid 1990s had its seeds sown five decades ago when the country embarked on the economic development plan which placed a heavy emphasis on an urban‐based import‐substitution strategy. This strategy failed to benefit 86 per cent of the population who live in rural areas and rely on agriculture. This, together with poor governance, significantly increased unemployment, poverty and rural–urban inequality by the mid 1990s, leading to the eruption of civil war. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Globalization and the labour market in South Africa
Authors: Jenkins Rhys 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe paper examines the impacts of globalization on labour in South Africa. A framework is developed to link different aspects of the process of globalization with labour market outcomes in developing countries. This framework is then applied to the South African case focusing on trade, foreign direct investment, technology transfer, macro‐economic policies and the impact on the bargaining power of labour. The paper concludes that although globalization is only one of the factors affecting the South African labour market in recent years, the outcomes for labour, particularly unskilled labour, have been unfavorable. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is there a link between dollarization and banking crises?
Authors: Honig Adam 
Published: March 2006

AbstractI estimate a multivariate probit model to identify key variables that are predictive of banking crises. To add to the literature on this subject, I focus on the role played by unofficial dollarization of domestic banking systems. Unofficial dollarization is a source of vulnerability for emerging markets as large depreciations render both domestic firms and banks unable to pay dollar‐denominated debt. Surprisingly, I find only weak evidence that unofficial dollarization affects the probability of a banking crisis. This finding casts doubt on the widely held belief that liability dollarization is a significant source of risk for emerging markets and developing nations, although there are still reasons to believe that dollarization remains a significant source of risk. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Raman spectroscopic study of the uranyl phosphate mineral parsonsite
Authors: Frost Ray L. , Čejka Jiří , Weier Matt , Martens Wayde N. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe mineral parsonsite, with samples from The Ranger Uranium Mine, Australia, and the La Faye Mine, Grury, Saone‐et‐Loire, Burgundy, France, has been characterised by Raman spectroscopy at 298 and 77 K and complemented with infrared spectroscopy. Two Raman bands close to 807 and 796 cm−1 are attributed to the ν1(UO2)2+ symmetric stretching modes, while two bands close to 953 or 945 cm−1 and 863–873 cm−1 are assigned to the ν3(UO2)2+ anti‐symmetric stretching vibrations. Four or five bands (953, 926, 910, 883 cm−1) are observed in the infrared spectrum in this region. Bands at 965–967 and 972 cm−1 are assigned to the ν1(PO4)3− symmetric stretching modes and bands that are observed in the 987 to 1078 cm−1region to the ν3(PO4)3− anti‐symmetric stretching modes. Bands at 465, 439, 406, 394 cm−1 (298 K) and 466, 442, 405, 395 cm−1(77 K) are assigned to the split, doubly degenerate ν2(PO4)−3bending vibrations. Bands of very low intensity at 609, 595, 591, 582, 560 and 540 cm−1are attributed to the split, triply degenerate ν4(PO4)−3bending modes. Bands observed at wavenumbers lower than 300 cm−1are connected with the split ν2(δ) (UO2)2+ bending, ν(UOligand), δ(UOligand) and lattice vibrations. UO bond lengths in uranyl were calculated from the Raman and infrared spectra, which are in agreement with those from the available X‐ray single crystal structure analysis of parsonsite. A short comment is given on the water content and the possibility of a hydrogen‐bonding network in the parsonsite crystal structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Raman spectroscopic study of selected minerals of the rosasite group
Authors: Frost Ray L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMinerals in the rosasite mineral group, namely, rosasite, glaukosphaerite, kolwezite, mcguinnessite, nullaginite and pokrovskite have been studied by Raman spectroscopy at 298 and 77 K, complemented with infrared spectroscopy. The spectral patterns for the minerals rosasite, glaukosphaerite, kolwezite and mcguinnessite are similar to those of malachite, implying that the structure is the same as that of malachite, i.e. monoclinic. A comparison is made with the spectra of malachite. The symmetry of the carbonate anion in the rosasite mineral group is C2v or Cs and is composition dependent. Two (CO3)2− symmetric stretching modes are observed for the rosasite minerals at 1060 and 1090 cm−1. Two hydroxyl stretching modes are observed for the rosasite mineral group. The position of these bands is determined to be a function of the hydrogen bond lengths. Hydrogen bond distances for rosasite are calculated as 2.867, 2.799 and 2.780 Å, whereas for pokrovskite the distances are 3.280 and 2.999 Å. The effect of lowering the temperature from ambient to 77 K results in a decrease of the hydrogen bond distances by 5%. Multiple Raman bands are observed in the 800 to 850 cm−1 and the 720 to 750 cm−1 regions and are attributed to ν2 and ν4 bending modes confirming the reduction of the carbonate anion in the rosasite structure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rhythmic movement disorder (head banging) in an adult during rapid eye movement sleep
Authors: Anderson Kirstie N. , Smith Ian E. , Shneerson John M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSleep‐related rhythmic movements (head banging or body rocking) are extremely common in normal infants and young children, but less than 5% of children over the age of 5 years old exhibit these stereotyped motor behaviors. They characteristically occur during drowsiness or sleep onset rather than in deep sleep or rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We present a 27‐year‐old man with typical rhythmic movement disorder that had persisted into adult life and was restricted to REM sleep. This man is the oldest subject with this presentation reported to date and highlights the importance of recognizing this nocturnal movement disorder when it does occur in adults. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society