bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Amniotic Flop – A New Ultrasonographic Sign*
Authors: BUTTERY BERESFORD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn a normal pregnancy, the extra embryonic coelom (EEC) may persist until 16 or 17 weeks gestation and is able to be visualized ultrasonically. In static echograms the amnion and EEC may mimic the features of threatened abortion or other conditions such as the empty sac of a second twin or an amniotic band. When the appearance is due to persistence of the EEC, real‐time evaluation of the membranes reveals an easily recognizable “floppy” movement of the amnion, whereas two other different patterns of movement are seen in threatened abortion and when an empty gestation sac is present in association with an intact pregnancy. Four illustrative case reports are presented. It is important that these different types of movement are able to be recognized because it permits differentiation between physiological and pathological conditions and improves diagnostic accuracy.
The Role of Ultrasound in the Management of Twin Pregnancies
Authors: PRIDMORE B.R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe high perinatal mortality and morbidity in twin pregnancies is mainly associated with preterm labour and placental insufficiency. Early diagnosis, allowing adequate time for increased rest and aggressive treatment of threatened preterm labour, is the most important single factor in reducing this wastage.While ultrasound prior to 20 weeks of gestation is the only reliable method of achieving early diagnosis of all twin pregnancies, the safety and cost‐effectiveness of routine ultrasound has not yet been established.Based on the results from 196 twin pairs, the mean biparietal diameter (B.P.D.) for the smaller and larger twin is compared to the mean birthweight at each gestation. The decline in the B.P.D. increase appears to precede the drop in birthweight by about 2 weeks. There are sufficient false results in both directions to justify caution in interpretation of a single set of readings.Polyhydramnios and dilatation of the cervix, both associated with preterm labour, and monoamniotic twins, associated with cord entanglement at delivery, can also be diagnosed by ultrasound.
Tricho‐Rhino‐Phalangeal Syndrome I (Report of 8 cases)
Authors: MORRIS L. , KOZLOWSKI K. , McNAUGHT P. , SILINK M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive familial and three sporadic cases of the Tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome are reported, among them the first case of the disease in a Polynesian. The syndrome is easy to recognize both clinically and radiologically. The authors stress the importance of the hip changes and suggest that all children with “Perthes‐like” hip changes and adults with early degenerative hip disease should have a thorough clinical examination. Patients with recognised Tricho‐rhino‐phalangeal syndrome should have their hips monitored to detect early “Perthes‐like” changes in the hope that eventual severe hip disease may be prevented.
Bilateral Glenoid Dysplasia (Report of 8 Cases)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , COLAVITA N. , MORRIS L. , LITTLE K.E.T. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY8 cases of isolated glenoid hypoplasia, 6 of them among children are reported.Although it is a benign finding patients with this anomaly should abstain from excessive sport activities and heavy manual work.
Systolic Fluttering of the Noncoronary Cusp of the Aortic Valve and the Posterior Wall of the Aortic Root – A Sign of Mitral Regurgitation due to Dysfunction of the Posterior Leaflet of the Mitral Valve
Authors: ABEDIN ZAINUL , CARBAJAL ENRIQUE , CANO PEARL , VELEZ CARLOS 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTen consecutive patients with severe isolated mitral regurgitation were studied. All the patients were evaluated by physical examination, EKG, chest X‐ray, M‐mode echocardiogram, and left ventricular angiogram. In eight patients a systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation radiated to the left parasternal and aortic areas. All of these patients demonstrated fluttering of the noncoronary cusp of the aortic valve and the posterior wall of the aortic root.Two patients in whom the systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation did not radiate to left parasternal and aortic areas, did not show fluttering of the noncoronary cusp and the posterior aortic wall. These patients had a classical murmur of mitral regurgitation that radiated to the left axilla.A review of 120 normal echocardiograms revealed fluttering of the right coronary cusp in three cases. None of these echocardiograms demonstrated fluttering of the noncoronary cusp or the posterior wall of aorta.The findings lead us to conclude that the presence of systolic fluttering of the noncoronary cusp and the posterior wall of the aorta is suggestive of mitral regurgitation due to dysfunction of the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Isolated fluttering of the right coronary cusp is a nonspecific finding.
Calcified Pancreatic Pseudocyst – A Report of Two Cases
Authors: ROWLAND ROBERT , STEVENSON GILES W. , FARIS IRWIN B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of calcified pancreatic pseudocyst are described in which the cysts were visible on plain abdominal x‐ray. The differential diagnosis of calcified lesions in the pancreas is discussed.
Cementomas (Report of 5 childhood cases)
Authors: KRYST L. , PIEKARCZYK J. , KOZLOWSKI K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFive cases of cementomas in childhood are reported. Cementomas present radiographically in two forms – an immature form and a mature (calcified) form. The mature form is more characteristic radiographically.In the differential diagnosis of the immature form all the cyst‐like and osteolytic lesions of the jaws must be considered. Odontomas, ameloblastomas and related tumours and fibrous dysplasia are the most common lesions simulating the second stage of cementomas.
Unilateral Hydrothorax Complicating Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis: Demonstration by 99m‐Technetmm‐Tin‐CoHoid Scintigraphy
Authors: PARAMSOTHY M. , CHUA C.T. , TAN H.W. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYUnilateral hydrothorax is a rare but increasingly described complication of CAPD. Anatomical integrity of the diaphragm should be ascertained to determine the plan of future management. Radionuclide scintigraphy using 99m‐Technetium‐tin‐colloid is a simple, safe, non‐invasive technique in demonstrating transdiaphragmatic leakage of dialysate during CAPD. It takes relatively a little of patient's time with no discomfort.
Case Report: Mycotic Aneurysm of Thoracic Aorta as a Cause of Haemoptysis Role of Dynamic CT Scanning
Authors: LAVOIPIERRE ALAIN M. , HATFIELD JOHN J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTHaemoptysis can be difficult to diagnose. A case is reported where haemoptysis resulting from a false mycotic aneurysm consequent upon a lung abscess was diagnosed prior to surgery by C.T. scanning. The place of C.T. scanning in the diagnosis of paramediastinal masses is briefly reviewed and the need for bolus injection of contrast medium during dynamic C.T. scanning is stressed.
Neurofibroma – Sliding Hernia Through Obturator Foramen
Authors: HALL MARGARET , ANDERSON JOHN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe abdominal swelling seemed to be soft but solid. It appeared to herniate through the pelvis close to the ischial tuberosity. It was of uncertain origin, possibly a benign connective tissue neoplasm.The patient was transferred to theatre for removal of the swelling. Due to the nature of the swelling it was necessary to remove it in two stages, using an abdominal and a perineal approach. Removal was difficult as the tumour was adherent to the bladder and uterine walls. The tumour was completely excised and cysto‐stomy and defunctioning colostomy performed.SUMMARYThis case history demonstrates the need to use different scanning techniques. Without using supine and erect positions, no comparisons could have been made between the mass in the vulva and buttock and the lower abdominal mass. It was by using these different scanning methods that the protuberance in the buttock and vulva was confirmed as a herniation of the lower abdominal mass.
Pelvic Dosimetry Comparison of Two Manual Afterloading Systems
Authors: KAROLIS CHRISTOPHER , FISHER RICHARD , LAWSON ANDREW 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo different, manually afterloaded, gynaecological applicators for intracavitary therapy are compared in a study of the pelvic dose distribution in 114 patients. The applicators have a similar shape but the source geometry in the vaginal ovoids is significantly different. The change in the geometry accounts for a 17% reduction in the dose to the recto‐vaginal septum. One of the applicators is constructed from stainless‐steel, the other from polyvinyl chloride.On the average, the mid‐line symmetry appeared better with the plastic applicators, but the variation between patients was greater.
A Decade of Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer in South Australia
Authors: DENHAM J.W. , HARVEY N.D.M. , WARD G.G. , DIBDEN F.A. , AHMAD A. , DIBDEN C.F.A. , BRINDAL R.B. , WIGG D.R. , SWANEY L.M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of treatment in 368 patients with head and neck cancer treated in the decade 1970–1980 are presented.Patients with six of the most common malignancies, namely carcinoma of the Tongue, Tonsil, Nasopharynx, Pyriform Fossa, Supraglottic and Glottic Larynx, who have been treated primarily by radiation or where radiation has been used as a part of a planned combined approach, have been included in this report.Results have been presented in both crude and actuarial form and are discussed in the light of changing management trends during the decade.
Nisbet Symposium – October 1985 Surgery of Musculoskeletal Tumours
Authors: DICKINSON I.C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe surgery of tumours of bone and soft tissue has advanced greatly in the last 15–20 years. To a large extent, improved modalities of imaging have enabled the surgeon to more clearly define the surgical problem, and with the aid of adjuvant therapies, to indulge in safe surgery which will salvage limb and function. Tumours of both bone and soft tissue need to be imaged completely prior to biopsy, and careful consideration needs to be given to the appropriate therapy, the relationship of each modality of therapy to each other, and the plan of treatment should be formulated clearly prior to surgery being performed.The investigation and biopsy of these tumours should be performed by the surgeon who is to perform the definitive surgery, and the surgeon should be experienced in the modalities which will maximise the patient's chance of satisfactory rehabilitation. These modalities may include amputation, and various methods of reconstructive surgery. Appropriate teamwork is essential for the satisfactory outcome of treatment of patients with these difficult conditions.ABSTRACTThere have been great advances in the surgery of bone and soft tissue tumours in the last 15–20 years due to the greater understanding of tumour behaviour, and introduction of multi‐therapy. Adjuvant therapy ‐ chemotherapy and radiotherapy ‐ has enabled improved survival rates, and has also allowed for salvage of limbs which might otherwise have been amputated.
Complications of Cerebral Angiography in a Teaching Hospital
Authors: THOMSON K.R. , THOMSON S.McA. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective survey of the complications arising in 314 patients who underwent cerebral angiography showed an incidence of 0.3% of permanent neurologic deficit for diagnostic studies. Patients at risk appear to be those with subarachnoid haemorrhage and arterial spasm and older patients with “crescendo” transient ischaemic attacks.
Radiographic Projections for Coronary Angiography – Implications for Digital Subtraction Angiography
Authors: PARTRIDGE J.B. , SLAUGHTER R.E. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOne hundred and forty two coronary artery stenoses were collected during a period in which the right coronary artery (RCA) was visualised in the lateral (LAT) left anterior oblique (LAO), LAO caudocranial (LAOCR) and right anterior oblique craniocaudal (RAOCA) projections, and the left coronary artery (LCA) in the same projections plus LAO craniocaudal (LAOCA) and RAO. Other views were occasionally added. Taking “visible” to mean that the stenosis was well enough seen to permit a satisfactory grading of its severity, 16% (19 of 116) of LCA stenoses and 11 % (3 of 26) of RCA stenoses were visible only in one view. Of these, in one case of an LCA stenosis, the only view which demonstrated the lesion was not part of the routine set. In only four instances (3 LCA, one RCA) was more than one view required to make a clinical decision. Although the best set of three views (LAOCR, LAT and RAOCA) yielded diagnostic results in 96% of all stenoses, 100% stenosis visualisation would require the operator to select one of a number of extra views (dependant upon the coronary anatomy). The only view which could have been discarded from the study without detriment was LAO.
NMR: Principles, Applications and Recent Advances
Authors: YOUNG ANTONY T. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMagnetic resonance imaging is a sensitive modality for brain imaging, but has been less successful in the rest of the body. Recent advances however are improving image quality and increasing diagnostic accuracy. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy has exciting prospects for analysing in‐vivo metabolism. This paper discusses the basic physical principles of nuclear magnetic resonance, the factors influencing choice of pulse sequence and interpretation of the images.
A Case of Central Pontine Myelinolysis Confirmed by Computed Tomography
Authors: WYLIE DR. E.J. , CHAKERA DR. T.M.H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe case we present is of a previously well deaf lady who, following the treatment of hyponatraemia due to gastro‐enteritis developed quadriparesis, hyper‐reflexia and bilateral extensor plantar responses. Although the patient is not known to be alcoholic, her clinical presentation and C.T. scan are characteristic of central pontine myelinolysis. The clinical diagnosis of central pontine myelinolysis is important because affected patients may make remarkable recovery if vigorously supported. Computed tomography has been shown to be an invaluable adjunct to the antemortem diagnosis of this condition. Repeated C.T. examination may demonstrate some resolution of the radiographic findings many months subsequent to clinical improvement (Gerber et al 1983).
Ultrasound Demonstration of Amoebic Liver Abscess Causing Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: GUPTA R.K. , PANT L.T. COL. C.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThree cases of multiple amoebic liver abscess causing obstructive jaundice, demonstrated on ultrasound have been presented. The cause of obstruction in all three cases was the pressure effect of the abscess cavity at the hilum of the liver. The role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of obstructive jaundice in cases of amoebic liver abscess is stressed.
Primary Hyperoxaluria in Infancy
Authors: SRINIVAS H.N. , RAMKUMAR CHANDRAN 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPrimary Hyperoxaluria is a rare autosomal recessive disorder causing progressive renal failure and death before adulthood in most cases1. Acute renal failure due to Primary Hyperoxaluria with renal oxalosis is rare in infancy2‐ 3 and we report such a case emphasizing the importance of ultrasonographic examination in the diagnosis of this condition.
MRI of the Cervical Spine
Authors: BENSON M.D. , BUCKLEY J.H. , MAWHINNEY R.R. , WORTHINGTON B.S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMRI provides a non‐invasive method of imaging the cervical spine in multiple planes. The excellent tissue contrast and sensitivity in the detection of desease which it provides make MRI a powerful diagnostic tool in the assessment of both anatomical deformity and tissue pathology. MRI undoubtedly has enormous potential in the diagnosis of both intraspinal and osteo‐articular disease of the cervical spine. Nevertheless there are still disadvantages of this technique. Radiologists should be aware of the strengths and weaknesses of MRI relative to other imaging modalities in order to ensure that this important but expensive technique is used to best effect.
Film Resistivity and its Relationship to Static Tree Formation on 105mm Roll Film
Authors: MCLEAN DONALD 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTStatic tree formation on roll film is a phenomenon not infrequently found in the radiology department. In this paper an attempt has been made to quantify this phenomenon by measuring the physical film parameter resistivity for four brands of roll film.A strong correlation between high resistivity and observed static tree formation is seen. Further, a survey of 20 radiology centres in the eastern and southern states of Australia using 105mm roll film revealed that film type was a significant factor in static tree formation, whereas camera type was not.
The Incidence of Sub‐hepatic Collections after Cholecystectomy*
Authors: CHATTERTON B.E. , BOUCAUT H. , WILSON C.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTPercutaneous aspiration and drainage is increasingly being used in the diagnosis and management of surgical complications.The purpose of this study was to determine the natural history of right upper quadrant collections in cholecystectomy patients. Twenty‐seven consecutive patients undergoing cholecystectomy were examined ultrasonically. Collections in the subphrenic space, gallbladder fossa or wound were specifically sought. All patients had conventional T‐tube and wound drainage post‐operatively.Six collections were seen at the initial examination performed at a mean time of 6 days after surgery. Nineteen patients were re‐examined at a mean of 12.6 days post‐operatively and three of the collections seen initially had resolved, but 3 patients had developed new abnormalities.By 30 days, all collections had resolved except for one patient with a large subphrenic collection which required surgical drainage.It is concluded that collections are relatively common post‐cholecystectomy and most resolve spontaneously.
Primary Common Bile Duct Carcinoid Demonstration by Computerised Tomography, Ultrasonography and Angiography
Authors: ALEXANDER IAN A. , THOMSON KENNETH R. , KUNE GABRIEL A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA 64 year old woman presenting with bleeding esophageal varices had a well circumscribed 5 cm diameter carcinoid tumor originating in the common bile duct, demonstrated by angiography, computerised tomography (CT) and ultrasonography, and this was surgically excised. This is the third case of common bile duct carcinoid tumor reported in the literature1,2 and the first to be demonstrated by angiography, CT and ultrasonography.
Computed Tomography of Intracranial Torulosis in the Australian Aboriginal
Authors: BATESON ERIC M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTCT scans of three Aboriginal patients with intracranial torulosis are reported. Two showed mass lesions, one presenting as an area of increased density due to a fibrogranulomatous lesion and the other presented as a ring of enhancement with a translucent centre indicating an abscess. The third case showed diffuse enhancement of the sulci of the cerebral cortex due to meningitis. The significance of these radiological changes is discussed.
Contrast Media Viscosity: A Contributing Factor in Blood‐Brain Barrier Damage Following Intracarotid Contrast Injection?
Authors: WYCHERLEY ALLAN G. , WILCOX JOHN , SAGE MICHAEL R. , EVILL CHARLES A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTUsing a rabbit model, the effects of intra‐carotid methylglucamine iothalamate, at room temperature (23 °C), on the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) were investigated. BBB damage was assessed quantitatively by measuring pertechnetate uptake by the brain and qualitatively by subjective assessment of the degree of cortical staining by Evans' Blue dye. Intracarotid saline injections were made in control studies. The results are compared to those of an earlier study in this laboratory in which the same test solutions were injected at 37°C. As the results obtained with saline at each temperature were the same (p > 0.1) no temperature effect was evident, and as such, any difference between the degree of BBB damage with methylglucamine iothalamate at each temperature can be attributed to the change in viscosity due to temperature variation. The results show no statistical difference between the degree of BBB damage, as indiated by pertechnetate uptake, with either methylglucamine iothalamate, or saline at each temperature (p > 0.1 in each case). However, Evans' Blue staining was generally more intense when methylglucamine iothalamate was injected at23°C than at 37°C.
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis: Sonographic Findings
Authors: SINGCHAROEN THANIT , BADDELEY HIRAM , BENSON MARK , WARD MICHAEL 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSonographic findings in ten cases of primary sclerosing cholangitis are described. Thickening of the extra‐hepatic bile ducts is the most common finding. Other features are intra‐hepatic duct wall thickening and mild irregular dilatation, hepatic parenchymal change and evidence of portal hypertension. Two patterns of hepatic parenchymal change are noted: a) diffuse liver change and, b) patchy areas of increased echogenicity. Dilatation of the extra‐hepatic bile ducts is uncommon. Recognition of these findings will lead to the use of the more definitive procedures such as endoscopic retrograde cholangiography and will avoid a delay in diagnosis.
Ectopia Vesicae in Utero
Authors: VERCO P.W. , KHOR B.H. , BARBARY J. , ENTHOVEN C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo foetuses were considered to have ectopia vesicae on the basis of the in utero ultrasound findings of a normal volume of liquor amnii, normal foetal kidneys, absence of a normal bladder, and an echogenic mass in the suprapubic region.
Ossifying Fibroma of Long Bone — Report of Two Cases
Authors: MACINTOSH DAVID , XIPELL JOSEPH M. , THOMAS DAVID P. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTTwo cases of ossifying fibroma of long bone with long term follow‐up are described. Although the diagnosis can usually be established from the plain radiographs, computerised tomography can be of considerable value. Because of therapeutic implications it is important to distinguish this lesion from other fibro‐osseous lesions of bone.
Osteogenic Sarcoma Arising in Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia A Case Report
Authors: JOSE C.C. , BENJAMIN C.S. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA 66 year old man with a longstanding history of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia was found to have an osteogenic sarcoma arising from the upper end of the left femur. As he was surgically unfit, he was treated with a course of external radiotherapy, with good palliation.
Costotransverse Joint Injection Description of Technique
Authors: LAU LAWRENCE S.W. , LITTLEJOHN GEOFFREY O. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTClinical evaluation of the various causes of dorsal back pain is often difficult. Injection of the costotransverse joint is a radiologic procedure performed under fluroscopic control. This technique may be helpful for assessing structural derangement as well as symptomatic joint pain of these patients. Familiarity of the anatomic and fluoroscopic appearances is essential for successful joint puncture.
Ultrasound Examination of the Normal Pyloric Sphincter in Neonates
Authors: LANGLOIS SUZANNE LE P. , LIPERT KAREN , HAYTER WAYNE 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTReal time ultrasound examination is rapidly becoming the initial diagnostic investigation for infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). While published studies have documented the size of the abnormal pylorus, no studies of the normal diameter of the canal have been performed, and suggested values have merely been extrapolated from suspected patients considered normal in retrospect.A prospective study of 112 normal neonates, ranging from premature to 6 weeks of age, demonstrated that the normal transverse pylorus is elliptical and measures 8.7 (±/‐ 1.4) by 9.7 (±/‐ 1.33)mms, while the muscle thickness measures 2.0 (±/‐ 0.6) and 2.1 (±/‐ 0.6)mm.The examination is simple to perform, and requires no prior preparation or sedation. The size of the pylorus does not vary significantly with weight or maturity of the child, nor in relation to feeding.