bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microwave Spectra and Equilibrium Structure of Carbonyl Sulfide
Authors: Morino Yonezo , Matsumura Chi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Microwave spectra have been measured for various vibrationally excited states of the OCS molecule. The l-type doubling constants obtained for the excited states of the bending vibration, ν2, have led to the determination of the zero-order coupling constant, qe. It has been shown that the qe value thus obtained is useful for the evaluation of the harmonic force constants. The Fermi resonances have been discussed; they lead to the conclusion that the effect due to the cubic constant, k223, cannot be ignored, nor can that due to k122 With due consideration for this situation, the equilibrium structure has been found to be:
re(O–C)=1.1572±0.002 Å and re(C–S)=1.5606±0.002 Å.
Chemical Structures of Glasses of the NaBO2-NaPO3 System
Authors: Nakamura Terumasa , Ohashi Shigeru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Glasses of the NaBO2-NaPO3 system with P/B ratios in the range from 1.0 to 98.9 have been prepared from sodium metaphosphate and sodium metaborate by quenching melts of their mixtures. By the paper chromatographic analysis and the pH titration of the solutions of the glasses, it has been found that the glasses have the chain and branched structures consisting of P–O–P, P–O–B and B–O–B linkages. On the assumption that the glasses are composed of polypohsphate and polyborate chain blocks and branched BO3 units, the theoretical treatment has been made on the compositions of these blocks and units and compared with the experimental data. It has been concluded that (1) the glass with a P/B ratio of unity, i. e., a mole fraction of sodium metaphosphate m is 0.5, may be composed of chains of the P–O–P, P–O–B and B–O–B linkages, (2) with the increase of P/B ratios, the amount of the B–O–B linkages decreases, while the amount of the branched BO3 units increases and (3) in the glasses with P/B ratios larger than 4.0 (m&gt;0.8), all boron atoms are present as the branched BO3 units.
Solvent Effects on the g-Value of Di-t-butyl Nitric Oxide
Authors: Kawamura Takashi , Matsunami Shoichi , Yonezawa Teijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of solvents on the g-value of di-t-butyl nitric oxide (DTBNO) have been examined. Plots of the g-value vs. the hyperfine coupling constant of 14N of DTBNO in various solvents formed two different straight lines, for aprotic solvents and for protic solvents. An analysis of the solvent effects on the g-value has also been attempted. The solvent-dependent shifts of the g-value may be divided into three terms, resulting from the blue-shift of the n–π* transition, from the redistribution of the odd electron, and from the delocalization of the lone-pair orbital on the oxygen atom of DTBNO. The first term is calculated from the observed shift of the n–π* absorption in the visible ray spectrum, while the seond one is evaluated from the solvent shift of the g-value of DTBNO in aprotic solvents, where the delocalization of the lone-pair is excepted to be negligible The last term, the difference between the observed shift in the g-value and the sum of the former two terms, is estimated to be in the range from −4×10−5 to −10×10−5, which corresponds to the from 2% to 5% delocalization of the lone-pair electron.
Effects of the Double Layer Structure and the Ion Association on Electrode Processes of Some Substitution-inert Complex Ions
Authors: Ogino (née Ebata) Kazuko , Tanaka Nobuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The current-potential curves of some substitution-inert complex ions are affected by the change in the composition of the supporting electrolyte. The change in the one-electron reduction wave of hexaquochromium(III) ions with the increase in the concentration of sodium perchlorate and sodium iodide is analyzed in terms of the effect of the structure of the electrical double layer. The addition of sodium sulfate at a constant ionic strength of 0.1 shifts the half-wave potentials of hexaquochromium(III), hexamminechromium(III) and hexamminecobalt(III) ions to more negative potentials. In the case of hexamminecobalt(III), the shift is much greater than in the cases of the former two complex ions. These phenomena are interpreted to be due to the effects of the double layer structure and of the ion association.
Equilibrium Studies of the Interaction of Vanadyl Ions with Catechol
Authors: Lal K , Agarwal R P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A quantitative study of the interaction of vanadyl ions with catechol (H2A) has been carried out by means of potentiometric titrations of vanadyl sulphate with potassium hydroxide in the presence of varying concentrations of catechol. The formation of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 complexes has been indicated. The equilibrium constants for the VO2++H2A\ightleftarrowsVOA+2H+ and VOA+H2A\ightleftarrowsVOA22−+2H+ reactions have been found to be 1.41×10−6 and 7.76×10−9 respectively, giving the values of 1.90×1015 and 1.05×1013 for the formation constants of 1 : 1 and 1 : 2 chelates respectively. Above pH 4, the 1 : 1 complex has been shown to hydrolyze, and the equilibrium constant for the VOA+H2O\ightleftarrowsVO(OH)A−+H+ reaction has been found to be 7.94×10−6.
The Metal Ammine Cyanide Aromatics Clathrates. I. The Preparation and Stoichiometry of the Diamminemetal(II) Tetracyano-niccolate(II) Dibenzene and Dianiline
Authors: Iwamoto Toschitake , Miyoshi Tadahiko , Miyamoto Takeshi , Sasaki Yukiyoshi , Fujiwara Shizuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Benzene and aniline clathrates of metal-complex host lattices with a general formula of M(II)(NH3)2Ni(CN)4·2G, in which M(II) was nickel, copper, or cadmium, and G, benzene or aniline as the guest molecule, were prepared. The stoichiometry was established through the analytical data and the structural information obtained from the powder X-ray diffractometric data. They are tetragonal with reasonable lattice parameters except for Cu(NH3)2Ni(CN)4·2C6H5NH2, which may be estimated to be orthorhombic or monoclinic. The host lattices of all the compounds have almost the same space character. The occupation of divalent metal M(II) at the octahedral site of the metal-complex host lattice was proved through the magnetic data.
The Reactions of Bis(acetylacetonato)beryllium with Bromine and Hydrogen Bromide in Dichloromethane
Authors: Nakamura Yukio , Kawaguchi Shinichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The main product in the reaction of bis (acetylacetonato) beryllium with bromine in the mole ratio of one to two was found to be bis(3-bromoacetylacetonato)beryllium. The mass-spectrometric analysis of the product of the same reaction in the mole ratio of one to one revealed the coexistence of mono- and dibrominated chelates, but the quantitative information concerning the product distribution has not been obtained. In this reaction a small amount of white precipitate was produced as a minor product. The same compound was obtained in the reaction of bis-(acetylacetonato) beryllium with hydrogen bromide in dichloromethane containing water, and identified as diaquoacetylacetonatoberyIlium bromide on the bases of the elemental analysis, the anion exchange experiment and the infrared assay.
Roles of the Electron Donors in the Three-Component Polyolefin Catalysts
Authors: Takashi Yûkichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of the three-component polyolefin catalysts consisting of titanium trichloride (α-type), triethylaluminum, and various electron donor compounds have been investigated. Electron donors in a certain range of reactant ratios were found to accelerate the alkylation of the titanium ion remarkably at a temperature suitable for the polymerization of α-olenns. The roles of the electron donors have been discussed on the basis of the reaction behavior of the catalyst components and of the properties of the complexes which are thought to be the reaction intermediates.
A New Method of Reducing Nitroarginine-peptide into Arginine-peptide, with Reference to the Synthesis of Poly-l-arginine Hydrochloride
Authors: Hayakawa Tadao , Fujiwara Yukihiko , Noguchi Junzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
With stannous chloride in formic acid, nitroarginine can be reduced to l-arginine hydrochloride quantitatively. This new method for the removal of the nitro group was applied successfully in the synthesis of poly-l-arginine hydrochloride from poly-l-nitroarginine, which had been prepared by the polymerization of N-carbothiophenyl-l-nitroarginine in dimethylsulfoxide at 120°C for 14 hr. The infrared absorption spectra of these polymers showed absorptions at 1708 cm−1 and 1766 cm−1, these absorptions might correspond to the C=O group in the hydantoin of the N-terminal. The poly-l-arginine hydrochloride showed positive Biuret and Sakaguchi reactions.
Thermal Transformation of Alkali Salts of Aromatic Carboxylic Acids. IV. Reaction of Potassium and Sodium Salts of Alkyl-and Phenylbenzoic Acids
Authors: Dozen Yasuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cadmium halides-catalyzed thermal transformation of potassium and sodium salts of isomeric methyl- and phenylbenzoic acids has been investigated. Potassium o-toluate gave toluene, 3-methylphthalic, and 4-methylisophthalic acids, whereas sodium o-toluate gave toluene, 3-, and 4-methylphthalic acids, as the main products. In the reaction of potassium m- and p-toluates, both of them gave toluene, 5-methylisophthalic, and 4-methylphthalic acids, whereas the sodium salt of these acids gave toluene and 4-methylphthalic acid, as the main products. Potassium and sodium isomeric dimethylbenzoates gave xylenes and dimethylphthalic acids, e. g., 3, 4- and 4, 5-dimethylphthalic acids from 2, 3- or 3, 4-dimethylbenzoates, 3, 5-dimethylphthalic acid from 2, 4-dimethylbenzoate, and 3, 6-dimethylphthalic acid from 2, 5-dimethylbenzoate. In the case of o-phenylbenzoate, potassium salt gave biphenyl, m- and p-phenylbenzoic, and biphenyl-p-p′-dicarboxylic acids, but sodium salt gave biphenyl, m- and p-phenylbenzoic, and 4-phenyl-phthalic acids. Sodium p-phenylbenzoate gave biphenyl and 4-phenylphthalic acid, but potassium p-phenylbenzoate was stable under the conditions used. These results may be interpreted by the ortho-, meta-, and para-directed disproportionation for the potassium salts and ortho-di-rected one for the sodium salts. These dibasic acid salts produced were decarboxylated to mono-carboxylates, which then underwent further disproportionation.
On the Composite Solid Propellant Impregnated with Metallic Foil
Authors: Yamazaki Kiroku , Tokui Harusuke 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The control of the burning rate is one of the important aspects in the extension of the capability of a solid propellant. The burning rate of a composite propellant was found to be increased remarkably by the proper impregnation of metallic foil, and upon the addition of a few percent of aluminum, silver and copper (in weight), the burning rate jumped up to several times that of the original one, providing there had been suitable processing. The impregnation of metallic foil was performed by mixing a predetermined amount of finely-cut strips of foil into propellant dough or by laminating the latter with foils. The propellant grain impregnated at random with strips of foil increased the burning rate considerably, but the one laminated with metallic foils which were oriented perpendicular to the burning surface showed the highest burning rate. The increment of the burning rate evidently depended upon the thickness of the foil used; the distance between adjacent foils for lamination showed no remarkable effect. The role of the metallic foil on the augmentation of the burning rate seems to be attributable to the improvement of the heat transfer from the burning zone to the burning surface. However, in the case of copper, the burning rate exceeded that of silver, so the increment of the burning rate can not be explained only in terms of the thermal conductivity of the metallic foil. In the case of copper foil, the effective increase in the burning rate may be due to its catalytic action plus a good thermal conductivity. The mechanical properties of the propellant grain, such as tensile strength and elongation at the yield point, were expected to be improved with the impregnation of metallic foil. However, this coluld not be confirmed in the present tests.
Studies of Diarylalkanes. VI. The Cleavage of Diphenylmethanes and the Friedel-Crafts Benzylation
Authors: Tsuge Otohiko , Tashiro Masashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The cleavage reaction of DPM and Me-DPM, and the benzylation of toluene, have been carried out under various conditions. On the basis of the results of this series, the correlations with the cleavage reaction of the DPM and with the Friedel-Crafts benzylation have been inclusively discussed. Furthermore, the mechanism of the isomerization of mono-substituted DPM under the influence of aluminum chloride has been suggested.
The Extraction of Inosine with Liquid Anion Exchangers
Authors: Hirahara Tsuneo , Mitsuki Koji , Suzuki Yoshihisa , Nakazawa Eiji , Nakamura Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Inosine can be extracted with a liquid anion exchanger. The most useful pH values are about 10 and over 10 for extraction with n-octylamine and with methyltrioctyl ammonium chloride respectively; this suggests that the extraction is principally due to electrostatic attraction. The extraction processes may, on the basis of the experimental results, be represented as follows:
HxR+2OA=HxR·2OA
HxR−+(Q+·Cl−)=(Q+·HxR−)+Cl−
Electronic Structures and Reactivities of Aliphatic Small Membered-Ring Compounds. II
Authors: Yonezawa Teijiro , Shimizu Kiyoshi , Kato Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Extended Hückel MO investigations of the physico-chemical properties of cycloalkanes have been carried out. The calculated total energies of protonated cyclopropane and cyclopentane show that the most stable configuration of protonated cycloalkanes is the one with the conformation in which a proton exists in the ring plane. In cyclopropane, the changes in the total electronic energies and in the charge distributions caused by the protonation are almost the same as those in ethylene, while no remarkable changes in these quantities can be observed in protonated cyclopentane. It may be concluded that cyclopropane has unsaturated properties similar to those of the π-electron system in its ring plane. Further, the reaction mechanism and the reactivities of halogenocycloalkanes in the SN2-type reaction are discussed. It is shown that the theoretical results can successfully explain their chemical reactivities.
The Kinetics of the Vapor-Phase Ammoxidation of m-Xylene over a Vanadium Catalyst
Authors: Ito Masatomo , Sano Ken-ichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the vapor-phase ammoxidation of m-xylene and m-tolunitrile over a vanadium oxide catalyst were studied in a flow system. The reaction rate data obtained were correlated by the rate equation based upon the Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, where the adsorption of m-xylene was strong. From the result of the experiments it was suggested that the reaction scheme consisted of four parallel routes: (1) the step-by-step ammoxidation of m-xylene to isophthalonitrile via m-tolunitrile; (2) the direct ammoxidation to isophthalonitrile from m-xylene; (3) the formation of carbon oxides and hydrogen cyanide via m-tolunitrile and (4) the direct formation of carbon oxides and hydrogen cyanide from m-xylene. The activation energies for the reaction of m-xylene and m-tolunitrile were 43.7 and 31.2 kcal/mol respectively in the range from 396 to 420°C.
ESR Studies of the Ion-pairs of the Acenaphthylene Radical Anion and Alkali Metal Cations
Authors: Iwaizumi Masamoto , Suzuki Masayasu , Isobe Taro , Azumi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Two types of temperature dependence of the proton hyperfine splitting constants of the acenaphthylene radical anion are described. One is that for the radical anions which are in a state of rapid exchange between the ion-paired form and the free radical anion, and the other is that for the radical anions which exist as stable ion pairs with a relatively long lifetime. From the examination of the effects of the alkali ions in terms of the molecular orbital method, it is concluded that the most favored ion-pair configuration is that in which the alkali ion is placed above the five-membered ring. The equilibrium position of the alkali ion moves toward the position 11 with an increase in the radius of the alkali ion. In relation to this ion-pair structure, the temperature dependence of alkali-metal hyperfine splittings is also discussed.
Silent Discharge Reactions in Aqueous Solutions. V. Nitrogen Fixation in a Heterogeneous System of Nitrogen and Water
Authors: Yokohata Akira , Tsuda Satoru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Nitrogen fixation by silent discharge on heterogeneous systems of nitrogen or air and water has been investigated, together with that on homogeneous systems of nitrogen or air. Moreover, oxidations of ferrous ions in acidic aqueous solutions of ferrous ions and in a ferrous-cupric ion system have been pursued in a nitrogen atmosphere. These experiments were conducted under flowing gas conditions. It has been found in the present study that: (1) in heterogeneous systems of nitrogen or air and water, the fixation yield is much larger in water than in gas; (2) in homogeneous systems of moist nitrogen or air, the yield is very small; (3) the ferric ion yield is very small compared with that expected theoretically from the estimated values of the absorbed dose (≈3.2×107 R/hr) and the LET (≈ 8eV/Å), and (4) the effect of cupric ions on the ferric ion yield is negligible. Based on these findings, and in view of the actions of active nitrogen on radicals produced from water by slow electrons, the reaction mechanisms of nitrogen fixation have been suggested.
Organic Compounds of Niobium and Tantalum. Reactions of Niobium and Tantalum Pentaethoxides with Dibenzoylmethane
Authors: Kapoor R N , Prakash S , Kapoor P N 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Following three types of new compounds have been isolated: M(OEt)4(Dbm), M(OEt)3(Dbm)2 and M(OEt)2(Dbm)3 (where M is niobium or tantalum) by the reactions of niboum and tantalum pentaethoxides with dibenzoylmethane. These derivatives interchange their ethoxy groups with tertiary butanol. The molecular weights of the few compounds have been determined ebullioscopically in benzene.
Rearrangements of Tertiary Amine Oxide. XVIII. The Reaction of 4-Substituted Pyridine N-Oxides with p-Nitrobenzenesulfenyl Chloride and p-Nitrobenzenesulfinyl Chloride
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Ikura Katuyata 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When 4-nitropyridine N-oxide was allowed to react with p-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride, 4-pyridyl 4′-chloropyridinium chloride (V) and 4-(4′-pyridol)pyridine (IV) were obtained, along with p, p-dinitrodiphenyl disulfide, p-nitrobenzenesulfonic acid, and a salt, presumed to have a VI structure. Similar products were formed in the reaction between 4-chloropyridine N-oxide with p-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride. In the case of 4-methoxypyridine N-oxide, however, a simple reduction was the main reaction; thus 4-methoxypyridine was obtained, while the other products were the same. As in the case of pyridine- and α-picoline N-oxide, no ring-substituted product was isolated in the reactions of these N-oxides. Apparently, the reaction of these N-oxides with p-nitrobenzenesulfenyl chloride involves the initial formation of the salt, which has a N-sulfenoxy bond, (Remark: Graphics omitted.), which presumably cleaves homolytically in the succeeding step to give the final products.
Reaction Rates in Binary Mixed Solvents. II
Authors: Kondo Yasuhiko , Tokura Niichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to study the effects of solvents on reaction rates, the theoretical expression for the rate constant has been introduced using Henry’s constant. The Henry constant of the solute in a chemically-reacting mixture has been calculated thermodynamically. The theoretical expressions for the rate constants in mixed solvents have been derived on the basis of the molecular models; the application of these equations showed that one model accurately illustrates the behavior of the reaction rates in solvent mixtures.
The Nitro Valence Vibrations and Ultraviolet Spectra of cis- and trans-β-Nitrostyrenes
Authors: Watarai Setsuo , Yamamura Kimiaki , Kinugasa Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra of NO2 symmetric and asymmetric stretching vibrations and ultraviolet spectra for a series of cis- and trans-β-nitrostyrene derivatives are examined and correlated with the stereochemical configuration of the structure, the planarity of the conjugated system, and the electronic properties of groups on the carbon bearing the nitro group. From these correlations, the cis-, and trans-isomers of β-nitrostyrene derivatives have been readily distinguished from each other.
The Tropylation of Polyhydric Phenols and the Dehydrogenation of Their Products
Authors: Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The tropylation reaction of polyhydric phenols, such as guaiacol, catechol, resorcinol, hydroquinone, 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol, pyrogallol and phloroglucinol, has been carried out. These polyhydric phenols were quite reactive with ethyl tropyl ether or with tropylium ion, and gave mono-, di-, or sometimes tri-tropyl derivatives. The dehydrogenation of tropylpolyhydric phenol methyl ethers gave stable aryltropilium ions. The methoxyphenyltropones and the methoxyphenyl tropolones were also synthesized in good yields starting from the 4-methoxyphenyltropylium ion.
The Synthesis of Hydroxy- and Methoxy-derivatives of p-Benzoquinonetropides
Authors: Nozoe Tetsuo , Takahashi Kazuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
2-Methoxy- (10), 2-hydroxy- (15), and 2, 6-dimethoxy- (20) p-benzoquinonetropide were synthesized by the dehydrogenation of tropylated guaiacol, catechol, and pyrogallol dimethyl ether respectively. The electronic spectra of 10, 15, and 20 in water showed their long wavelength absorption maxima at 550–570 mμ. However, the spectra of these compounds in chloroform showed that the peaks had shifted to wavelengths shorter by 38–60 mμ than those in water. A solvent effect of this type can be understood as resulting from a transition to an excited state that is more polar than the ground state.
Aminocyclitols. XI. Studies on the Synthesis of muco-Inosadiamines and Inosatetraamine
Authors: Suami Tetsuo , Lichtenthaler Frieder W , Ogawa Seiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
muco-lnositol was synthesized from 1, 4, 5, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-3-O-sulfonyl-myo-inositol in a fairly good yield by a new synthetic route. When sulfonyloxy groups were replaced by azide ion in muco-inositol derivatives, muco-inosadiamine-3, 6, myo-4, 6 and muco-inosatetraamine-1, 2, 4, 5 were obtained. Their structures were established by means of proton magnetic resonance spectro-scopy. By an analogous reaction, 2, 4, 5, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-1, 3-di-O-p-toluenesulfonyl-myo-inositol gave muco-inosadiamine-1, 4.
Photoreaction of Tetraphenylcyclopentadienone
Authors: Toshima Naoki , Moritani Ichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When tetraphenylcyclopentadienone in 2-propanol was irradiated with ultraviolet light under a slow steam of nitrogen, 2, 3-diphenyl-1H-cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene and 1-oxo-2, 3-diphenyl-2, 3-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta[l]phenanthrene were obtained in 10% and 45% yields respectively. That is, a cis-stilbene skeleton cyclized oxidatively to a phenanthrene, while the carbonyl group was reduced to methylene, or olefin, to paraffin. In this reaction, a protic solvent was observed to be favorable. In contrast to this, tetraphenylcyclopentadiene gave no similar cyclized products under the same conditions. The mechanism of this photoreaction is proposed.