bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vertical distribution characteristics and potential sources of atmospheric pollutants in the North China Plain basing on the MAX-DOAS measurement
Authors: Liu Guohua , Wang Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe mechanism for the generation of atmospheric pollution sources can be further investigated through the examination of atmospheric evolution and diffusion characteristics. The authors of this study conducted a 3-month MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) vertical observation in Shijiazhuang City, North China Plain, in the summer of 2020 in response to the long-standing air pollution issues in the region. The vertical distribution profiles of aerosol, NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO were generated, and the inversion findings showed good agreement with the TROPOMI (tropospheric monitoring instrument) satellite remote sensing validation, demonstrating the validity and accuracy of the observations. The near-surface boundary layer is home to the majority of the NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO species. The species’ daytime evolution trends varied, with the highest NO2 peaks occurring in the morning and evening commute, the highest HCHO peaks occurring in the morning at 10:00 a.m., and CHOCHO's concentration during the day declined. Two minor aerosol pollution processes took place in Shijiazhuang City during the summer observation period. The elevated concentrations of NO2, CO, and the PM2.5/PM10 ratio during the pollution processes suggest that anthropogenic emissions, particularly biomass burning, were responsible for the large number of fine particles generated during the pollution events. Based on the examination of pollutant concentration profiles and meteorological data, it was determined that local emissions and north wind transport were the primary causes of Shijiazhuang's high NO2 values. Meanwhile, the southern region of Shijiazhuang was primarily responsible for the majority of the potential sources of atmospheric HCHO, and local emissions were also a major factor affecting the high CHOCHO values. Shijiazhuang's local near-surface volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are mostly caused by human emissions, although biomass burning and its regional transportation have a greater influence on the middle and upper boundary layers. This study systematically sorted the evolution characteristics and potential sources of pollutants in Shijiazhuang City during the summer based on the joint observations of various pollutants, including NO2, HCHO, and CHOCHO. These results can be used to support the development of appropriate policies for the prevention and control of pollutants in the Shijiazhuang local area of the North China Plain.
Identification of skewed X chromosome inactivation using exome and transcriptome sequencing in patients with suspected rare genetic disease
Authors: Fadra Numrah , Schultz-Rogers Laura E , Chanana Pritha , Cousin Margot A , Macke Erica L , Ferrer Alejandro , Pinto e Vairo Filippo , Olson Rory J , Oliver Gavin R , Mulvihill Lindsay A , Jenkinson Garrett , Klee Eric W 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) is an epigenetic process that occurs during early development in mammalian females by randomly silencing one of two copies of the X chromosome in each cell. The preferential inactivation of either the maternal or paternal copy of the X chromosome in a majority of cells results in a skewed or non-random pattern of X inactivation and is observed in over 25% of adult females. Identifying skewed X inactivation is of clinical significance in patients with suspected rare genetic diseases due to the possibility of biased expression of disease-causing genes present on the active X chromosome. The current clinical test for the detection of skewed XCI relies on the methylation status of the methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (Hpall) binding site present in proximity of short tandem polymorphic repeats on the androgen receptor (AR) gene. This approach using one locus results in uninformative or inconclusive data for 10–20% of tests. Further, recent studies have shown inconsistency between methylation of the AR locus and the state of inactivation of the X chromosome. Herein, we develop a method for estimating X inactivation status, using exome and transcriptome sequencing data derived from blood in 227 female samples. We built a reference model for evaluation of XCI in 135 females from the GTEx consortium. We tested and validated the model on 11 female individuals with different types of undiagnosed rare genetic disorders who were clinically tested for X-skew using the AR gene assay and compared results to our outlier-based analysis technique.

Results
In comparison to the AR clinical test for identification of X inactivation, our method was concordant with the AR method in 9 samples, discordant in 1, and provided a measure of X inactivation in 1 sample with uninformative clinical results. We applied this method on an additional 81 females presenting to the clinic with phenotypes consistent with different hereditary disorders without a known genetic diagnosis.

Conclusions
This study presents the use of transcriptome and exome sequencing data to provide an accurate and complete estimation of X-inactivation and skew status in a cohort of female patients with different types of suspected rare genetic disease.
Integrated analysis of metabolome, transcriptome, and bioclimatic factors of Acer truncatum seeds reveals key candidate genes related to unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and potentially optimal production area
Authors: Li Yang , Kong Fan , Wu Shangwei , Song Wenjin , Shao Yang , Kang Min , Chen Tiantian , Peng Liping , Shu Qingyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Lipids found in plant seeds are essential for controlling seed dormancy, dispersal, and defenses against biotic and abiotic stress. Additionally, these lipids provide nutrition and energy and are therefore important to the human diet as edible oils. Acer truncatum, which belongs to the Aceaceae family, is widely cultivated around the world for its ornamental value. Further because its seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs)- i.e. α-linolenic acid (ALA) and nervonic acid (NA)- and because it has been validated as a new food resource in China, the importance of A. truncatum has greatly risen. However, it remains unknown how UFAs are biosynthesized during the growth season, to what extent environmental factors impact their content, and what areas are potentially optimal for their production.

Results
In this study, transcriptome and metabolome of A. truncatum seeds at three representative developmental stages was used to find the accumulation patterns of all major FAs. Cumulatively, 966 metabolites and 87,343 unigenes were detected; the differential expressed unigenes and metabolites were compared between stages as follows: stage 1 vs. 2, stage 1 vs. 3, and stage 2 vs. 3 seeds, respectively. Moreover, 13 fatty acid desaturases (FADs) and 20 β-ketoacyl-CoA synthases (KCSs) were identified, among which the expression level of FAD3 (Cluster-7222.41455) and KCS20 (Cluster-7222.40643) were consistent with the metabolic results of ALA and NA, respectively. Upon analysis of the geographical origin-affected diversity from 17 various locations, we found significant variation in phenotypes and UFA content. Notably, in this study we found that 7 bioclimatic variables showed considerable influence on FAs contents in A. truncatum seeds oil, suggesting their significance as critical environmental parameters. Ultimately, we developed a model for potentially ecological suitable regions in China.

Conclusion
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between metabolome and transcriptome in A. truncatum at various developmental stages of seeds and a new strategy to enhance seed FA content, especially ALA and NA. This is particularly significant in meeting the increasing demands for high-quality edible oil for human consumption. The study offers a scientific basis for A. truncatum’s novel utilization as a woody vegetable oil rather than an ornamental plant, potentially expanding its cultivation worldwide.
Regular transient limb ischemia improves endothelial function and inhibits endothelial cell apoptosis to prevent atherosclerosis in rabbit
Authors: Zhang Nan-rong , Wen Yi , Li Jing , Zheng Wan-jun , Jin San-qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims
Regular transient limb ischemia (RTLI) can prevent atherosclerosis (AS) progression in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. This study aimed to investigate the minimum effective intensity and possible mechanisms of RTLI for preventing atherosclerosis.

Methods
Eighty rabbits were divided into eight groups: normal (N), high cholesterol (H), three RTLI [three RTLI cycles every other day (R3qod), three RTLI cycles daily (R3qd), and six RTLI cycles daily (R6qd), each cycle of RTLI included 5 min of limb ischemia followed by 5 min limb reperfusion], and three correlated sham RTLI [sham ischemia for 30 min once every other day (S3qod), sham ischemia for 30 min once daily (S3qd), and sham ischemia for 60 min once daily (S6qd)]. Rabbits in group N were kept normally, while the others were fed 1% cholesterol diet for 12 weeks. The RTLI and sham RTLI groups were received RTLI or sham RTLI procedure, respectively. The plaque area in the thoracic aorta was determined by oil red O staining, and quantifying the ratio of plaque area to intimal area (PA/IA). Endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation were also determined. Endothelial cell were isolated from abdominal aorta of rabbits, and the apoptosis ratio was detected using flow cytometry.

Results
The PA/IA and early apoptotic cell ratio was significantly lower as well as the endothelium-dependent relaxation response was higher in group R6qd than those in groups H and S6qd, while those in the R3qod group was not significantly different from those in groups H and S3qod, as well as those in the R3qd group showed no significant difference compared to those in groups H and S3qd.

Conclusions
Six cycles of RTLI daily was the optimal effective intensity to prevent AS progression in rabbits. Endothelial function improvement and apoptosis inhibition might contribute to the anti-AS effects.
Survival benefits of interventional radiology and surgical teams collaboration during primary trauma surveys: a single-centre retrospective cohort study
Authors: Okada Ichiro , Hifumi Toru , Yoneyama Hisashi , Inoue Kazushige , Seki Satoshi , Jimbo Ippei , Takada Hiroaki , Nagasawa Koichi , Kohara Saiko , Hishikawa Tsuyoshi , Shiojima Hiroki , Hasegawa Eiju , Morimoto Kohei , Ichinose Yoshiaki , Sato Fumie , Kiriu Nobuaki , Matsumoto Junichi , Yokobori Shoji 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
A team approach is essential for effective trauma management. Close collaboration between interventional radiologists and surgeons during the initial management of trauma patients is important for prompt and accurate trauma care. This study aimed to determine whether trauma patients benefit from close collaboration between interventional radiology (IR) and surgical teams during the primary trauma survey.

Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted between 2014 and 2021 at a single institution. Patients were assigned to an embolization group (EG), a surgery group (SG), or a combination group (CG) according to their treatment. The primary and secondary outcomes were survival at hospital discharge compared with the probability of survival (Ps) and the time course of treatment.

Results
The analysis included 197 patients, consisting of 135 men and 62 women, with a median age of 56 [IQR, 38–72] years and an injury severity score of 20 [10–29]. The EG, SG, and CG included 114, 48, and 35 patients, respectively. Differences in organ injury patterns were observed between the three groups. In-hospital survival rates in all three groups were higher than the Ps. In particular, the survival rate in the CG was 15.5% higher than the Ps (95% CI: 7.5–23.6%; p < 0.001). In the CG, the median time for starting the initial procedure was 53 [37–79] min and the procedure times for IR and surgery were 48 [29–72] min and 63 [35–94] min, respectively. Those times were significantly shorter among three groups.

Conclusion
Close collaboration between IR and surgical teams, including the primary survey, improves the survival of severe trauma patients who require both IR procedures and surgeries by improving appropriate treatment selection and reducing the time process.
A qualitative perspective of working women care providers and care receivers on eldercare: a study from India
Authors: Govil Dipti , Sahoo Harihar , Chowdhury Biswabandita , James K. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The paper aims to explore the elderly caregiving process in India from the perspective of both elderly as well as working women care providers, along with the challenges faced and the coping strategies adopted by them during the process.

Methods
In-depth interviews with 48 participants (care providers and care receivers) from 25 multi-generational households were conducted in the slums of Mumbai and analysed using QSR-NVivo-10.

Results
Working women care providers supported the needs of the dependent elderly along with performing household chores and paid work. However, the way the care was perceived and demanded, was not often same as delivered by the care providers. Care provider suffered silently with poor social, physical and emotional welling in absence of support system and lack of time. Sometimes, physically exhausted care providers unknowingly resorted to elderly abuse and neglect. At the same time, a bidirectional flow of support from elderly also existed in the form of childcare, household chores and financial support. Though caregiving overstrained the care providers, strong family ties, acknowledgement of the contributions of the elderly during their young days, and the desire to set a precedent for the young generation did not let them step back from their duties. The main coping mechanism for both care receivers and providers was largely centred around the notion of acceptance of their situation.

Conclusion
Conversations between generations can help in enhancing family ties and reduce conflicts. The support of family and community can also ease the burden of caregiving.
Implementation of a rapid diagnostic assay package for cryptococcosis, histoplasmosis and tuberculosis in people living with HIV in Paraguay
Authors: Aguilar Gloria , Lopez Gladys , Sued Omar , Medina Narda , Caceres Diego H. , Pereira Jose , Jordan Alexander , Lezcano Virgilio , Vicenti Cristina , Benitez Gustavo , Samudio Tania , Perez Freddy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Opportunistic infections (OIs) are common causes of mortality among people living with HIV (PLHIV). We determined prevalence and 30-day mortality due to histoplasmosis, cryptococcosis, and TB in PLHIV with advanced HIV disease (AHD).

Methods
PLHIV 18 years and older, with a CD4 + T-cell count of less than 350 cells/mm3 newly diagnosed with HIV infection or re-engaged in care after being without ART for more than 90 days (Group A). The second group included symptomatic PLHIV regardless of ART status or CD4 + T-cell count (Group B); all followed for 30 days. Detection of Histoplasma Ag (HisAg) in urine was done by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), Cryptococcus antigen (CrAg) was detected in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens by lateral flow assay (LFA), and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) detection in urine was by LFA (TB LAM) and in sputum by GeneXpert for diagnosis of Mycobacterium infections.

Results
From August 2021 to June 2022, 491 PLHIV were enrolled; 482 (98%) had a CD4 + T-cell result, and 381 patients (79%) were classified with AHD according to CD4 + T-cell count (< 200 CD4/mm3). Frequency of an OI was 38% (n = 145/381). Antigen test positivity rate was 16% (72/467) for TB-LAM, 9% (43/464) for HisAg, and 11% (51/484) for CrAg. Twenty-one of 34 (62%) patients receiving CSF CrAg tests were positive, confirming meningitis. Significant differences in 30-day mortality were observed in patients with an OI (16%) vs. no OI (7%) (p = 0.002). Mortality was highest in patients with histoplasmosis (25%), co-infection (22%), cryptococcosis (18% overall; 19% for cryptococcal meningitis), and TB (10%).

Conclusions
TB and fungal OIs, including co-infection, were common in PLHIV in Paraguay and had high associated mortality. Laboratories and health facilities need access to CD4 + T-cell testing and rapid diagnostic assays.
Construction of a nomogram for predicting compensated cirrhosis with Wilson’s disease based on non-invasive indicators
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Jing Ping , Zhu Xiaoli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Wilson’s disease (WD) often leads to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and early diagnosis of WD cirrhosis is essential. Currently, there are few non-invasive prediction models for WD cirrhosis. The purpose of this study is to non-invasively predict the occurrence risk of compensated WD cirrhosis based on ultrasound imaging features and clinical characteristics.

Methods
A retrospective analysis of the clinical characteristics and ultrasound examination data of 102 WD patients from November 2018 to November 2020 was conducted. According to the staging system for WD liver involvement, the patients were divided into a cirrhosis group (n = 43) and a non-cirrhosis group (n = 59). Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent influencing factors for WD cirrhosis. A nomogram for predicting WD cirrhosis was constructed using R analysis software, and validation of the model’s discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability was completed. Due to the low incidence of WD and the small sample size, bootstrap internal sampling with 500 iterations was adopted for validation to prevent overfitting of the model.

Results
Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI), portal vein diameter (PVD), and serum albumin (ALB) are independent factors affecting WD cirrhosis. A nomogram for WD cirrhosis was constructed based on these factors. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the model’s predictive ability is 0.927 (95% CI: 0.88–0.978). As demonstrated by 500 Bootstrap internal sampling validations, the model has high discrimination and calibration. Clinical decision curve analysis shows that the model has high clinical practical value. ROC curve analysis of the model’s rationality indicates that the model’s AUC is greater than the AUC of using ALB, ARFI, and PVD alone.

Conclusion
The nomogram model constructed based on ARFI, PVD, and ALB can serve as a non-invasive tool to effectively predict the risk of developing WD cirrhosis.
Cerebral blood flow changes in maintenance hemodialysis patients with restless legs syndrome and their clinical significance:a cross-sectional case-control study
Authors: Li Chen , Sun Wei , Xu Linfang , Chen Cheng , Fang Li , Tang Yushang , Zhang Qiaoyang , Shi Haifeng , Liu Tongqiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
Restless legs syndrome (RLS) stands as a prevalent neurological complication within maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. However, the alterations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) among MHD-RLS patients remain uncharted. Through the utilization of the arterial spin labeling (ASL) technique, we evaluated the fluctuations in CBF within distinct brain regions and analyzed the risk factors for the development of RLS in MHD patients in the context of the clinic.

Methods
Thirty-one MHD patients with concomitant RLS (MHD-RLS group) and thirty-one non-RLS patients matched based on age, gender, as well as cognitive function (MHD-nRLS group) were included. Through image preprocessing and data analysis, the changes in CBF values in distinct brain regions were obtained, and the CBF values of brain regions with substantial differences between the two groups were correlated with the RLS scores. Furthermore, the differences in baseline data were compared, and through the utilization of multifactorial logistic regression, the independent risk factors for the development of RLS were examined.

Results
Compared with the MHD-nRLS group, the MHD-RLS group had increased CBF in the right superior temporal gyrus, reduced CBF in the right hippocampus, left middle frontal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus of right triangle, middle frontal gyrus of left orbit, left precentral gyrus, and left precuneus. Only left precentral gyrus CBF were negatively correlated with RLS scores after correction for dialysis duration(r = -0.436, P = 0.016). Accordingly, multifactorial regression analysis by stepwise method yielded that the left precentral gyrus CBF values(OR: 0.968, 95%CI: 0.944–0.993, P = 0.012) remained an independent risk factor for RLS in MHD patients. In addition, the results showed that hemodialysis duration (OR: 1.055, 95%CI: 1.014–1.098, P = 0.008) and serum iron levels (OR: 0.685, 95%CI: 0.551–0.852, P = 0.001) were also risk factors for the development of RLS.

Conclusion
Patients afflicted with MHD-RLS exhibit alterations in CBF across several brain regions. Notably, the left precentral gyrus might serve as a pivotal region influencing the onset of RLS among MHD patients. Furthermore, extended hemodialysis duration and a relative insufficiency in serum iron levels independently contribute as risk factors for RLS development within the MHD patient population.
Nomogram for predicting early hypophosphatemia in term infants
Authors: Tao Wan , Zhan Shina , Shen Yingjie , Zhao Tianjiao , Li Feitian , Gao Miao , Yang Tingting , Yu Jinqian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Physiological processes rely on phosphate, which is an essential component of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Hypophosphatasia can affect nearly every organ system in the body. It is crucial to monitor newborns with risk factors for hypophosphatemia and provide them with the proper supplements. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors and develop a nomogram for early hypophosphatemia in term infants.

Methods
We conducted a retrospective study involving 416 term infants measured serum phosphorus within three days of birth. The study included 82 term infants with hypophosphatemia (HP group) and 334 term infants without hypophosphatemia (NHP group). We collected data on the characteristics of mothers, newborn babies, and childbirth. Furthermore, univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for hypophosphatemia in term infants, and a nomogram was developed and validated based on the final independent risk factors.

Results
According to our analysis, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male, maternal diabetes, cesarean delivery, lower serum magnesium, and lower birth weight were independent risk factors for early hypophosphatemia in term infants. In addition, the C-index of the developed nomogram was 0.732 (95% CI = 0.668–0.796). Moreover, the calibration curve indicated good consistency between the hypophosphatemia diagnosis and the predicted probability, and a decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed the clinical utility of the nomogram.

Conclusions
The analysis revealed that we successfully developed and validated a nomogram for predicting early hypophosphatemia in term infants.