bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cell‐mediated and humoral immunity studies of murine and hamster sarcoma virus‐induced producer and non‐producer tumors in syngeneic animals
Authors: McCoy James L. , Ting Robert C. , McCoy Nancy T. , Reisher Joel I. , Chan Sue P. , Law Lloyd W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine sarcoma virus (MSV)‐induced transformed tumor cells, which are releasers and non‐releasers of virus, were investigated by transplantation immunity and a variety of serological assays. Transplantation immunity demonstrated that tumor‐associated transplantation antigens could be detected on producer cells and were also apparent, but to a lesser degree, on non‐releaser cells of BALB/c mouse origin. Some lymphocyte microcytotoxicity tests employing hamster MSV tumors failed to detect any in vitro immunity. Studies employing immunofluorescence, complement fixation and virus focus neutralization tests demonstrated that Harvey‐MSV producer cells of hamster origin were strongly immunogenic in inducing antibody formation in syngeneic hamsters. By contrast, no antibody could usually be detected by these techniques following immunization with non‐producer Harvey‐MSV or immunization with either Moloney‐MSV non‐producer cells or those non‐producer cells that had been made releasers by treatment with IUDR in syngeneic hosts. The results suggest that humoral antibody, as detected by the techniques employed, is probably produced largely in response to infectious MSV contained by producer tumor cells and is not directed against new cell neoantigens, whereas transplantation immunity is probably, in part, a response to non‐virion neoantigens.
Incorporation de l'antigène tumoral de transplantation spécifique du SV40 (TSTA‐SV40) dans le virus de la stomatite vésiculleuse cultivé en cellules de hamster transformées par le SV40
Authors: Ansel S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHighly purified and inactivated VSV (VSV/TSV‐5 C1.2) grown in SV40 transformed hamster cells, TSV‐5 C1.2, induces in hamster a transplantation immunity against host‐tumor cells. Immunization with VSV/TSV‐5 C1.2 gave more than a 10‐fold protection against TSV‐5 C1.2 tumor cells. The transplantation immunity confered by the immunization is specific for tumor cells which possess SV40‐TSTA. VSV/TSV‐5 C1.2 protects hamsters against another SV40‐transformed cell line, EHSVi‐C1.1. In contrast, immunization with VSV/EHB, a purified preparation of VSV grown in spontaneously transformed hamster cells, EHB, gave no protection to TSV‐5 C1.2 cell challenge. It was concluded that the presence of SV40‐TSTA activity in VSV/TSV‐5 C1.2 virions was due to incorporation of this tumor cell antigen in the viral envelope. The existence of cell antigens in VSV/TSV‐5 C1.2 and VSV/EHB preparations was also shown in vitro by Cr51 release assay. The anti‐VSV/TSV‐5 C1.2 rabbit serum reacted specifically with SV40‐transformed cells, TSV‐5 C1.2 and EHSVi‐C1.1.
Detection of antibodies against virally‐induced tumor‐associated antigens by mixed hemadsorption
Authors: Gatti Richard A. , Jonsson Jonas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntigens were solubilized and attached to glass slides. The coated glass slides were then used to detect relevant antibodies by a mixed hemadsorption technique. These studies focused primarily on solubilizing the Epstein‐Barr virus‐associated antigens VCA, EA and MA. Well‐characterized, discordant sera from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma were then used to evaluate the antigenicity of slides coated with the solubilized antigenic extracts. Good correlations were observed between titers of these sera for VCA, EA and MA as determined by immunofluorescence methods and by mixed hemadsorption. Most antigenic extracts could be stored directly or as coated‐glass slides for many months with only moderate decreases in antigenicity. Antibodies to Epstein‐Barr‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) were not detectable in these studies.
Isolation of a myelogenous leukemia‐inducing virus from mice infected with the friend virus complex
Authors: McGarry M. P. , Steeves R. A. , Eckner R. J. , Mirand E. A. , Trudel P. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA myelogenous leukemia‐inducing virus (MyLV) has been isolated from a chloroleukemic C57Bl mouse, injected neonatally with the lymphatic leukemia virus (LLV)‐containing helper component of the Friend virus (FV) complex. MyLV, free of detectable spleen focus‐forming virus (SFFV), consistently induced only myelogenous leukemia in neonatally infected C57Bl, Ha/ICR, C3H and BALB/c mice, within 5 months (including chloroleukemias in C57Bl and Ha/ICR). The leukemia involved chiefly the spleen, liver, lymph nodes and bone marrow, and tumor cells could be recovered from the marrow to grow in the solid (subcutaneous) or ascites (intraperitoneal) form. MyLV preparations had ample helper activity for SFFV in restrictive hosts, and could be used to prepare a MyLV pseudotype of SFFV which was antigenically indistinguishable from native FV complex. MyLV could have arisen by selection of a pre‐existing variant in the LLV population, by a genetic interaction between LLV and the C57Bl chloroleukemic host cell, or could have arisen from the original host C57Bl mice as a result of activation following the infection with LLV.
Sensitivity of different target cells to the killing action of peripheral lymphocytes stimulated by autologous lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Svedmyr Erik A. , Deinhardt Friedrich , Klein George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeripheral lymphocytes obtained from two individuals with a previous history of infectious mononucleosis were exposed to mitomycin‐treated cells of the autologous lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) established during the acute phase of the disease. This resulted in a stimulation of DNA synthesis, comparable to or even exceeding a one‐way MLC with allogeneic lymphocytes. The cytotoxic effect of the stimulated lymphocytes was tested by colony inhibition or 51Cr release, against a large LCL panel, including the autologous line and allogeneic lines from patients with Burkitt's lymphoma (BL), nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), infectious mononucleosis (IM), leukemia, myeloma, or normal donors. While the majority of the lines were highly sensitive to the killing action, three were relatively resistant. The same pattern of sensitivity was obtained with effector cells stimulated by autologous LCL derived from IM or BL patients. The majority of the target LCLs had B‐cell characteristics and carried the EBV genome, but three cell lines that were devoid of the EBV genome, were also sensitive. These lines included two lymphoid cell lines, one of them a T‐cell line, and a myeloma line. Fresh peripheral lymphocytes from normal donors or acute IM patients, PHA‐induced blasts and blast cells from a case of acute myeloid leukemia were resistant.
Effects of dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′: 5′ monophosphate and theophylline on 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and 2‐aminoisobutyric acid uptake by hamster embryo cells
Authors: Kuroki Toshio , Yamakawa Shigeyo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe uptake of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose by hamster embryo cells was stimulated by preincubation with 1 mM dibutyryl cyclic adenosine 3′:5′ monophosphate (dibutyryl cAMP) and theophylline for 24 h. The increase in uptake depended on the concentration of dibutyryl cAMP and was accelerated by a combination of dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline. The increased uptake of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose was reversed by removal of these chemicals. Lineweaver‐Burk plots of the uptake indicated that these chemicals caused an increase in the maximum velocity of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose uptake but no detectable change in the apparent Km. Hexokinase was not activated by preincubation of cells with 1 mM dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline. The uptake of glucose in nine other cell lines, including those from rat and mouse embryos, was not stimulated by these chemicals. In contrast to the uptake of 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose, that of 2‐aminoisobutyric acid was inhibited by these compounds.
Comparative chemical analysis of indian bidi and American cigarette smoke
Authors: Hoffmann D. , Sanghvi L. D. , Wynder E. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman data suggest an association between bidi smoking and cancer of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and lung. The mainstream smoke of a popular Indian bidi and a popular US non‐filter cigarette were analyzed. Compared to cigarette smoke, bidi smoke has a high content of several toxic agents such as carbon monoxide (7.7 vs 3.5 vol. %), ammonia (284 vs 180 μg), hydrogen cyanide (903 vs 445 μg), phenol (250 vs 150 μg), other volatile phenols (264 vs 173 μg) and carcinogenic hydrocarbons, benz[a]anthracene (117 vs 81 μg) and benzo[a]pyrene (78 vs 47 ng). These chemical data suggest that the smoke of bidis has a carcinogenic activity and underline the need for bioassaying this inhalant.
Studies on a gross‐virus‐induced lymphoma in the rat. I. The cell‐mediated immune response
Authors: Shellam G. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Gross virus‐induced lymphoma (C58NT) D, which was originally induced in the thymus of W/Fu rats, has been shown to be a virus‐releasing tumour with no detectable θ antigen or surface Ig. It is rapidly malignant in immunosuppressed rats with an LD50 of approximately 100 cells, but is strongly immunogenic in intact adult rats, inducing both long‐lasting immunity in vivo and a vigorous cell‐mediated immune response in vitro. A tumour challenge was rejected in an immune fashion within a maximum of 142 days after primary immunization, with the most rapid rejection at 9 and 62 days after immunization. CMI measured in an in vitro Cr51 release assay showed a sequential appearance in draining lymph nodes, thoracic duct lymph and the spleen with peak activity in days 6, 7 and 10 after immunization, followed by a rapid decline in activity. Spleen cells taken on the day of peak CMI adoptively conferred protection against tumour growth in vivo. The CMI response in vitro was shown to be specific for MuLV‐induced tumours, both by studying Cr51 release from a variety of tumour cells in the presence of immune spleen cells, and by comparing the ability of various unlabelled tumour cells to inhibit the lysis of Gross‐virus induced lymphoma cells by immune spleen cells. In addition purified Gross virus itself, but not NDV, was found to inhibit CMI in vitro. The effector cell in CMI in vitro was not removed by procedures which selectively depleted immune spleen cells of adherent and phagocytic cells and B lymphocytes. However, the removal of T lymphocytes either prior to immunization by thymectomy, irradiation and marrow reconstitution, or from immune spleen cells by the use of a specific antiserum, abrogated the CMI response. These results indicated that the effector cell in the in vitro assay was a T lymphocyte.
Urine œstrogen profiles OF Asian and North American women
Authors: MacMahon Brian , Cole Philip , Brown James B. , Aoki Kunio , Lin Tong Ming , Morgan Robert W. , Woo Ngai‐Chen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractŒstrone (El), œstradiol (E2) and œstriol (E3) were measured in the urine of Asian and North American women aged 15‐19, 20‐24 and 30‐39 years, during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle. Each urine specimen was characterized by its œstriol proportion, E3/(E1+E2+E3). In each age group and cycle phase Asians had lower concentrations of œstrone and œstradiol and a higher oestriol proportion than North Americans. The differences were greatest in the youngest age group. Differences between the women from two North American cities or between women from three Asian areas were small. The data support the idea that the œstriol proportion, especially among young women, is a correlate of subsequent breast cancer risk.
Enhancement of 3LL tumor growth by autosensitized T lymphocytes independent of the host lymphatic system
Authors: Carnaud Claude , Ilfeld David , Levo Yoram , Trainin Nathan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present studies were performed in order to further investigate the paradoxical behavior of autosensitized lymphocytes which mediate 3LL tumor cytotoxicity when tested in vitro and promote tumor growth when tested in vivo. Using animals immunologically impaired by means of adult thymectomy and total‐body irradiation, it was observed that the tumor‐enhancing effect of autosensitized lymphocytes did not require the collaboration of host lymphocytes. Whereas bone‐marrow‐derived cells were devoid of activity, thymus‐derived cells were found to be the mediators of both in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo tumor enhancement. These findings indicate that tumor enhancement mediated by in vitro autosensitized spleen cells was the result of a direct and specific interaction between committed T cells and self‐antigenic determinants carried by the tumor cells.
Immunoglabulin synthesis in tumors of human lymphoid origin serially transplantable in the neonatal syrian hamster
Authors: Pothier Lillian , Parke Pamela , Adams Richard A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn attempting to relate immunoglobulin production to certain aspects of the neoplastic behavior of human lymphoid cells proliferating in vivo, we have analyzed the immunoglobulin cell products from 21 human tumor lines experimentally maintained in serial transplantation in neonatal hamsters. These lines were established in the neonatal hamster (usually facilitated by treatment with antilymphocyte serum) by direct implantation of cells from the patient, or after an intermediate stage in cell culture. Three lines derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (conversion from lymphosarcoma) which also produced leukemic manifestations in the hamster, did not produce immunoglobulins. In all other lines, these being derived from patients with lymphosarcoma (without conversion to leukemia), infectious mononucleosis, Hodgkin's disease and Letterer‐siwe's disease, human immunoglobulin components were detected in the serum of the hamster host by immunodiffusion methods. With rare exceptions H‐chain was accompanied by L‐chain, these components being specific for the tumor line under investigation and without variation as to the class of H‐chain and type of L‐chain detected throughout observation periods of as little as 3 months or as much as 2 years. One line showed a sequential deletion of both H‐ and L‐chains. In another line an H‐chain not usually present was detected for a short time midway in passage.
Herpesvirus ateles: Transformation in vitro of marmoset splenic lymphocytes
Authors: Falk Lawrence , Wright John , Wolfe Lauren , Deinhardt Friedrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour lymphoblastoid cell cultures were established by transformation of marmoset splenic lymphocytes in vitro with Herpesvirus ateles (HVA). The association of HVA with each cell line was demonstrated by the recovery of HVA from the lymphoblastoid cells or from the culture fluids and by the demonstration of HVA antigens in a small percentage of cells of each lymphoblastoid culture. Intranuclear inclusion bodies were observed in three cultures examined but herpesvirus virions were observed in only one of three cell lines. The four cell cultures had properties of T‐lymphocytes.
Agglutination of normal and neoplastic human cells by concanavalin A and ricinus communis agglutinin
Authors: Glimelius Bengt , Westermark Bengt , Pontén Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAgglutination by two lectins, Con A and to a lesser extent ricin, has been investigated in human glia and glioma cells serially cultivated in vitro. No significant difference was found between the normal and transformed cells. The latter formed a spectrum where agglutination could be below or above the level of the control glia lines. Neither was there any difference between normal adult skin fibroblasts and two human sarcoma lines. We suggest that strictly normal cells in vitro are agglutinable by lectins such as Con A. This is also the case for most spontaneous, virus‐ or chemically transformed cells. We believe that exceptions to this rule—exemplified by lines such as 3T3, BHK and FE (a feline embryo line)—have acquired a membrane abnormality responsible for their low degree of agglutinability.
Early events in transformation of human cord leukocytes by epstein‐barr virus: Induction of dna synthesis, mitosis and the virus‐associated nuclear antigen synthesis
Authors: Aya Takao , Osato Toyoro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present investigations were undertaken to establish the early events in EBV‐induced transformation of human cord lymphocytes with particular reference to the induction of DNA synthesis, mitosis and viral synthesis. When cord leukocytes were exposed to a 3 h pulse of2H‐TdR at 3 h intervals following EBV infection and examined by autoradiography, blastoid cells with labelled nuclei appeared 12‐24 h after virus exposure, reaching a maximum of 7.5% in 15 h. When the infected leukocytes were reincubated after each pulse for an additional 20‐40 h with colchicine added 10 h prior to termination of incubation, 18% of the positive cells were in mitosis. The cells were examined by immunofluorescence for the synthesis of EBV‐associated antigens. Early antigen (EA)—and viral capsid antigen (VCA)—were not detected, but EBV‐associated nuclear antigen (EBNA) synthesis became evident as early as 2 days after infection. The frequency of EBNA‐positive cells, mostly blastoid cells, increased with continued incubation, and at 10 days the majority of the cells were positive. These findings strongly suggest that the human cord leukocytes are non‐permissive for replication of EBV, and that the virus can induce in them early DNA synthesis followed by high‐frequency mitosis and cell proliferation, in close association of the viral genome with the host‐cell genome as shown by the synthesis of EBV‐specific “footprint”.
Immune responses of adenovirus type‐9 infected (tumor‐free) male rats against adenovirus type‐9 induced mammary fibroadenomas and A chemically induced mammary carcinoma
Authors: Steele G. , Ankerst J. , Sjögren H. O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocytes from five non‐tumor‐bearing male W/Fu rats infected with human adenovirus type‐9 as newborns or as adults share a common reactivity against rat mammary fibroadenoma target cells and rat mammary carcinoma target cells, as demonstrated by microcytotoxicity tests. Mammary fibroadenomas were induced by adenovirus type‐9 infection of newborn female W/Fu rats, littermates of three of the male lymphocyte donors. The mammary carcinoma target cells were derived from a single rat mammary carcinoma induced by 3,2′‐dimethyl‐4‐amino‐biphenyl (DMABP). Lymphocytes from the male adenovirus type‐9 infected rats were not cytotoxic to normal rat breast epithelial cells, nor to target cells explanted from a polyoma‐virus‐induced sarcoma. Sera from each of five mammary fibroadenoma‐bearing female rats inhibited the cytotoxic effect of lymphocytes from the adenovirus type‐9 infected males against both mammary fibroadenoma and carcinoma target cells. Sera from the female W/Fu rat bearing the DMABP induced mammary carcinoma also inhibited the male lymphocyte cytotoxicity against both fibroadenoma and carcinoma target cells. Serum from rats bearing a polyoma‐virus‐induced sarcoma, though actively blocking in its own system, had no effect on lymphocytes from the adenovirus type‐9 infected males. Anti‐viral antibody response was demonstrated 8 days following adenovirus type‐9 infection of adult males. No anti‐tumor humoral response was demonstrated in either newborn‐infected or adult adenovirus type‐9 infected W/Fu male rats. Sera were checked for cytotoxicity against fibroadenoma and mammary carcinoma target cells in the presence of active homologous complement. No complement‐dependent cytotoxicity was evident. Sera from infected males were admixed to known blocking sera from mammary fibroadenoma‐ and carcinoma‐bearing rats, with no significant abrogation of the blocking effect. These results indicate that, despite the lack of tumor development, infection of male W/Fu rats by adenovirus type‐9 has produced an antigen which is at least partially common to the antigen (s) shared by adenovirus type‐9 induced mammary fibroadenomas and a DMABP induced mammary carcinoma.
Induction of polyoma tumors in athymic nude mice
Authors: Vandeputte M. , Eyssen H. , Sobis H. , De Somer P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe verified the oncogenic effect ofpolyoma virus in gnotobiotic nude (nu/nu) mice compared to their gnotobiotic normal counterparts (nu/+). The nude mice were found to be much more sensitive to the oncogenic activity of the virus than were their heterozygote counterparts. This increased sensitivity is illustrated by the short latent period and by the high incidence of polyoma tumors in the nude mice inoculated with the virus several weeks after birth at a time when the nu/+ mice are completely resistant to polyoma oncogenesis.Moreover, the cytolytic lesions observed in the kidney and in the salivary glands were also much more conspicuous in the nude mice. The results are discussed in relation to the role of immune surveillance in oncogenesis.
Random chromosome changes following SA7 transformation of syrian hamster cells
Authors: Popescu N. C. , Olinici C. D. , Casto B. C. , Dipaolo J. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chromosome G banding technique was applied to Syrian hamster cells transformed in vitro by the carcinogenic virus SA7 or a combination of polycyclic carcinogenic hydrocarbon and SA7. Chromosome constitution of different clones varied; a normal diploid or an aneuploid constitution with minor structural or numerical deviation was found in some, while in others aneuploidy was associated with increased numerical changes as well as with abnormal chromosomes which are considered as markers. No consistent specific chromosome changes characterized transformation from SA7 or carcinogen pretreatment between the different pools of cells used. Although a lack of consistent chromosome pattern was associated with SA7 viral transformation, the possibility remains that extensive invisible minor genetic changes may have occurred.
Herpesvirus ateles: Properties of an oncogenic herpesvirus isolated from circulating lymphocytes of spider monkeys (Ateles SP.)
Authors: Falk Lawrence A. , Nigida Stephen M. , Deinhardt Friedrich , Wolfe Lauren G. , Cooper Robert W. , Hernandez‐Camacho Jorge I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHerpesviruses were isolated from lymphocytes from four of eighteen spider monkeys imported recently from Colombia, South America. Virus was isolated after circulating lymphocytes were co‐cultivated with permissive cell cultures. Three isolates induced fatal malignant lymphomas in cotton‐topped and white‐lipped marmoset monkeys and one isolate which was also tested in squirrel monkeys caused no overt disease in this animal species. These virus isolates shared cross‐reacting antigens with Herpesvirus saimiri but possessed distinguishing biological properties.
Early appearance of a lymphoid arming factor and cytotoxic lymph‐node cells after tumor induction
Authors: Pollack Sylvia , Nelson Karen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn arming factor which collaborates with non‐sensitized lymphoid cells to produce specific killing of tumor cells in vitro appears in the serum within 24‐48 after initiation of a tumor by inoculation of Moloney Sarcoma Virus or a transplant of syngeneic sarcoma cells. Lymph‐node cells taken 1 or 2 days after tumor induction are also specifically cytotoxic in a microcytotoxicity assay. The production of this arming factor and the appearance of cytotoxic lymphoid cells are thus temporally related and are among the early responses to syngeneic sarcomas in BALB/c mice.