bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of coffee staining and simulated oral hygiene methods on the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin
Authors: Schneider Luiz Felipe , Mueller Bruna , Nisie Tango Rubens , Volpato Claudia Angela Maziero 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveEvaluate the color and translucency of a nanoceramic resin subjected to hygiene practices and immersion in coffee over time.Materials and MethodsSpecimens (n = 80, HT and LT, 0.5‐mm thick) of a nanoceramic resin were obtained and were divided in groups according to the simulated oral hygiene: no intervention (NT), brushing with an electric brush and water (BN), brushing with an electric brush and toothpaste for 10 s (BT), and immersion in mouthwash for 30 s (MW). Oral hygiene practices were repeated after staining in coffee solution for 15, 48, 336, 1440, 8640, and 35,040 min. Spectral wavelengths were recorded with a spectrophotometer at each time. ∆E00, ∆L′, ∆C′, ∆H′, and TP00 were calculated by CIEDE2000 and were evaluated by 2‐way ANOVA, repeated measures ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05).ResultsANOVA showed significance among factors for ΔE00 (p < 0.05), with higher ΔE00 for NT‐HT (11.7) and NT‐LT (11.2). After T6 (2‐year simulation), the lowest values were found for BT‐HT (5.3) and BT‐LT (4.9). All groups showed a reduction in lightness and translucency and increased chroma and hue. However, the smallest variations were found in the BT groups (p < 0.05).ConclusionsBrushing with toothpaste effectively minimized the color change of NCRs caused by coffee staining.Clinical SignificanceOral hygiene practices, such as brushing with toothpaste, might be important to minimize staining of nanoceramic resin restorations, especially in patients who frequently consume coffee.
Translation and validation of prolonged grief disorder (PG‐13) scale in Urdu among bereaved adolescents with intellectual disability
Authors: Haider N.‐u.‐a. , Zaman N. I. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe study aimed to translate and validate the Prolonged Grief Disorder (PG‐13) scale from English into Urdu language. This involved examining its psychometric properties, evaluating its factor structure and assessing both convergent and discriminant validity. The study was conducted within the cultural context of Pakistan and focused on the assessment of manifestations of grief, including symptoms of prolonged grief, in adolescents with mild‐to‐moderate intellectual disability (ID). The PG‐13 scale was selected for this study due to its demonstrated accuracy in measuring prolonged grieving symptoms in bereaved population.MethodA total of 140 adolescents, aged 10–19 years according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2018 criteria, were selected from 14 cities in Pakistan. These participants had lost loved ones within the time span of the last 4 years. The WHO (2018) guidelines for translation, adaptation, and validation were followed.ResultsThe findings suggest that the translated and validated PG‐13 scale has adequate psychometric properties, with Cronbach alpha coefficient of .97. Confirmatory factor analysis supports a single‐factor structure for the scale, with factor loadings ranging from .80 to .95.ConclusionThe PG‐13 Urdu version is a reliable and validated scale available for assessing grieving symptoms in the Pakistani context.
The rise of data‐driven microscopy powered by machine learning
Authors: Morgado Leonor , Gómez‐de‐Mariscal Estibaliz , Heil Hannah S. , Henriques Ricardo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOptical microscopy is an indispensable tool in life sciences research, but conventional techniques require compromises between imaging parameters like speed, resolution, field of view and phototoxicity. To overcome these limitations, data‐driven microscopes incorporate feedback loops between data acquisition and analysis. This review overviews how machine learning enables automated image analysis to optimise microscopy in real time. We first introduce key data‐driven microscopy concepts and machine learning methods relevant to microscopy image analysis. Subsequently, we highlight pioneering works and recent advances in integrating machine learning into microscopy acquisition workflows, including optimising illumination, switching modalities and acquisition rates, and triggering targeted experiments. We then discuss the remaining challenges and future outlook. Overall, intelligent microscopes that can sense, analyse and adapt promise to transform optical imaging by opening new experimental possibilities.
Lesson from the emergence, spread and decline of Dickeya solani, the virulent potato blackleg and soft rot bacterial pathogen in Finland
Authors: Degefu Yeshitila 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe threat of emerging plant diseases has become more frequent as global warming and international trade are increasing. Blackleg and soft rot of potatoes caused by the group of bacteria in the family Pectobacteriaceae and the genera Dickeya and Pectobacterium are important diseases causing economic losses globally. In the European Union, they are regulated non‐quarantine pests. Five species are commonly known to cause blackleg symptoms on potatoes indistinguishable from each other. For decades, P. atrosepticum has been the classic seed potato bacterial pathogen in cool temperate climates of Europe and North America, causing blackleg disease. However, recently several new species, unknown in Northern Europe, have emerged as virulent pathogens. One of these species is D. solani. In Finland, D. solani was first found in 2004 and has been the cause of major outbreaks of blackleg in Finland for more than a decade. Currently, its incidence has declined significantly because of a stringent, concerted engagement strategy adopted to combat the pathogen that is described in detail in this article. This strategy implemented in Finland could serve as a model system to combat other emerging and re‐emerging species of Dickeya and Pectobacterium and serve as useful support information for the formulation of a policy framework for the management of emerging plant health risks.
Bacteria and viruses and their role in the preschool wheeze to asthma transition
Authors: Papadopoulos Nikolaos G. , Apostolidou Evaggelia , Miligkos Michael , Xepapadaki Paraskevi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWheezing is the cardinal symptom of asthma; its presence early in life, mostly caused by viral infections, is a major risk factor for the establishment of persistent or recurrent disease. Early‐life wheezing and asthma exacerbations are triggered by common respiratory viruses, mainly rhinoviruses (RV), and to a lesser extent, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza, human metapneumovirus, coronaviruses, adenoviruses, influenza, and bocavirus. The excess presence of bacteria, several of which are part of the microbiome, has also been identified in association with wheezing and acute asthma exacerbations, including haemophilus influenza, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and chlamydophila pneumonia. While it is not clear when asthma starts, its characteristics develop over time. Airway remodeling already appears between the ages of 1 and 3 years of age even prior to the presence of atopic inflammation or an asthma diagnosis. The role of genetic defect or variations hampering the airway epithelium in response to environmental stimuli and severe disease morbidity are now considered as major determinants for early structural changes. Repeated viral infections can induce and perpetuate airway hyperresponsiveness. Allergic sensitization, that often precedes infection‐induced wheezing, shifts inflammation toward type‐2, while common respiratory infections themselves promote type‐2 inflammation. Nevertheless, most children who wheeze with viral infections during infancy and during preschool years do not develop persistent asthma. Multiple factors, including illness severity, viral etiology, allergic sensitization, and the exposome, are associated with disease persistence. Here, we summarize current knowledge and developments in infection epidemiology of asthma in children, describing the known impact of each individual agent and mechanisms of transition from recurrent wheeze to asthma.
Progovernment militias, identity leadership, and ethnic defection: Evidence from Israel's recruitment of the South Lebanese Army
Authors: Voller Yaniv 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEthnic defection has been identified as a potential game changer in conflicts. However, the factors that enable this process require further study. One factor that has been often overlooked is that of social identity and, more particularly, identity leadership. Ethnic defection is a social as much as it is a political process. Incumbents who can utilize this element may be more successful in encouraging a continuous and more persistent process of ethnic defection. A particularly useful tool for counterinsurgency (COIN) leaders to function as identity leaders is that of militias. Traditionally perceived in the literature as ad hoc outcomes of defection, this article demonstrates how militia recruitment can serve as a platform for recruiters to serve as identity leaders and create among recruits a distinct sense of identity that further distances them from other group members and strengthens their group identity. Success in enabling this group categorization could pave the way for more defectors to switch to the government side in a way less relevant than material incentives. The article illustrates this process by employing the case of Israel's recruitment of Shi‘a defectors into pro‐Israel militias in South Lebanon and the Security Belt during the 1980s and 1990s.
What they notice in photographs: A study of preservice teachers' noticing in a formative assessment cycle
Authors: Dyess Sarah Roller , Marin Katherine Ariemma , Cunningham Elizabeth Petit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNoticing is an essential skill for all teachers of mathematics. Mathematics teacher educators have utilized a variety of tools to practice and develop preservice teachers' (PSTs') ability to notice, which we extend to include photographs and learning trajectories. This article explores PSTs' noticing skills by analyzing work samples from a methods course assignment that examined teacher noticing and planning for future instruction. The work samples were analyzed using structural coding. Results indicate that PSTs can: (a) notice students' mathematical thinking in photographs they captured; (b) attend to and interpret the mathematics in photographs, but need additional support to consider how to respond to the mathematical thinking; and (c) use learning trajectories or progressions to help them notice, but there is less evidence of them using learning trajectories or progressions as a tool to respond to students' mathematical thinking. Implications for mathematics teacher education and future research are considered.
Crops use inorganic and labile organic phosphorus from both high‐ and low‐availability layers in no‐till compost‐amended soils
Authors: Li Xue , Hallama Moritz , Romanyà Joan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrganic fertilization in no‐till soils increases soil organic matter and nutrient pools primarily in surface soils. However, little is known about how microbial activity affects crop access to phosphorus (P) forms at the surface, where the organic fertilizer is applied, and the subsurface, the main rooting zone. We aimed to study the changes in organic and inorganic P (Po; Pi) forms and compounds in no‐till compost amended surface (0–5 cm) and subsurface (5–15 cm) soils growing a crop rotation for 2 years in pots. Crops were grown in pots with compost amended to the soil surface, while unamended and compost‐amended pots without crops were used as controls. We measured changes in microbial C (carbon), soluble C, total Po and Pi forms, the moderately accessible EDTA‐NaOH‐Pi (‐Po), and labile NaHCO3‐Pi (‐Po). P compounds in the EDTA‐NaOH extract were measured by 31P‐NMR. Compost addition increased the levels of total Pi and although it had no effect on total Po, increases of inositol, other phosphate monoesters and orthophosphate diesters could be observed. After the application of compost, the amount of total organic C, soluble carbon and all P forms increased in surface soil, while in the subsurface soil, there was a reduction in organic C and an increase in soluble C, total Pi, EDTA‐NaOH‐Pi and NaHCO3‐Pi and the EDTA‐NaOH‐Po and labile NaHCO3‐Po. Growing crops reduced all measured Pi forms and labile NaHCO3‐Po, increased EDTA‐NaOH‐Po in surface soils and had no observable impact on total Po in either organic C‐enriched surface or organic C‐reduced subsurface soils. Crops mostly used Pi from the low P availability C‐reduced subsurface layer, where NaHCO3‐Po pools also decreased. Large reductions in NaHCO3‐Po and increased levels of IHP and other‐monoesters in crop‐growing organic C‐enriched surface layers may suggest microbial formation of monoesters Po and crop use of labile Po pools. In summary, Po formation in C‐enriched surface layers and the mobilization of all Pi forms throughout the soil profile are particularly important findings for the understanding of P dynamics in compost‐amended no‐till systems.
Phosphorus dissolution and diffusion from struvite and its impact on phosphorus availability in Acrisol and Cambisol soils
Authors: Jia Lulu , Wei Jinju , Zeng Qingyang , Luo Qi , Yan Xiao , Wu Jianfu , Wei Zongqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a growing interest in recovering and recycling phosphorus (P) from waste streams to reduce reliance on finite and non‐renewable phosphate rock in agriculture. Struvite, derived from waste streams, has emerged as a potential alternative P fertilizer. However, its behaviour in soil remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the behaviour and effectiveness of struvite as a P fertilizer in acidic Acrisol and calcareous Cambisol soils, focusing on the P dissolution from struvite, struvite P diffusion in soil and P availability. Our findings revealed that the P dissolution from struvite in solution is pH‐dependent, with the most dissolution observed at pH 4.5 and significantly less at pH 7.0 and pH 8.5. Consequently, P dissolution from struvite was more rapid in the Acrisol compared with the Cambisol. This was supported by the increased accumulation of water‐soluble P in the Acrisol and acid‐extractable P in the Cambisol within the 0–1 cm concentric soil section surrounding the struvite application site, as demonstrated in the petri dish experiment. However, the Acrisol exhibited a gradual decrease in P diffusion over time, in contrast to the Cambisol, which showed an increasing trend. This can be attributed to the stronger P fixation observed in the Acrisol. The application of struvite resulted in increased soil P availability, as determined by the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique, particularly in the Acrisol where struvite was concentrated. Furthermore, the presence of organic acids enhanced struvite P availability in both Acrisol and Cambisol soils. These findings contribute to a better understanding of struvite behaviour in different soil environments and provide valuable insights for optimizing its use as a sustainable and efficient P fertilizer.
How to apply multiple scrambling in Japanese
Authors: Abe Jun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the phenomena of multiple scrambling in Japanese are best captured by assuming different derivations, depending on whether they involve long‐distance or clause‐internal scrambling. I argue that long‐distance multiple scrambling involves remnant VP scrambling, on the assumption that long‐distance scrambling necessarily produces a focus chain, which thus prohibits separate applications of scrambling in multiple scrambling configurations. The evidence comes from (i) long‐distance multiple scrambling of wh‐phrases that behaves like wh‐movement, and (ii) long‐distance multiple scrambling of quantificational phrases (QPs) that behaves as if these QPs constitute a single QP. As for clause‐internal multiple scrambling, I argue that it may involve separate applications of scrambling as well as remnant VP scrambling. The evidence comes from scope facts that involve two scrambled QPs: when the two QPs undergo remnant VP scrambling, they both take scope in their original positions; when they are separately scrambled, they show a different pattern of reconstruction with respect to scope.
Bacterial cellulose as an ideal potential treatment for burn wounds: A comprehensive review
Authors: Jabbari Farzaneh , Babaeipour Valiollah 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBurn wound regeneration is a complex process, which has many serious challenges such as slow wound healing, secondary infection, and inflammation. Therefore, it is essential to utilise appropriate biomaterials to accelerate and guide the wound healing process. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a natural polymer synthesised by some bacteria, has attracted much attention for wound healing applications due to its unique properties including excellent physicochemical and mechanical properties, simple purification process, three‐dimensional (3D) network structure similar to extracellular matrix, high purity, high water holding capacity and significant permeability to gas and liquid. BC's lack of antibacterial activity significantly limits its biomedical and tissue engineering application, but adding antimicrobial agents to it remarkably improves its performance in tissue regeneration applications. Burn wound healing is a complex long‐lasting process. Using biomaterials in wound treatment has shown that they can satisfactorily accelerate wound healing. The purpose of this review is to elaborate on the importance of BC‐based structures as one of the most widely used modern wound dressings in the treatment of burn wounds. In addition, the combination of various drugs, agents, cells and biomolecules with BC to expand its application in burn injury regeneration is discussed. Finally, the main challenges and future development direction of BC‐based structures for burn wound repair are considered. The four most popular search engines PubMed/MEDLINE, Science Direct, Scopus and Google Scholar were used to help us find relevant papers. The most frequently used keywords were bacterial cellulose, BC‐based biocomposite, wound healing, burn wound and vascular graft.
Biological and genomic characteristics of three novel bacteriophages and a phage-plasmid of Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Uskudar-Guclu Aylin , Unlu Sezin , Salih-Dogan Hanife , Yalcin Suleyman , Basustaoglu Ahmet 
Published: March 2024

Bacteriophages have emerged as promising candidates for the treatment of difficult-to-treat bacterial infections. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize phages infecting carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producer Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Water samples were taken for the isolation of bacteriophages. One-step growth curve, the optimal multiplicity of infection (MOI), thermal and pH stabilities, transmission electron microscopy and whole-genome sequencing of phages were studied. Four phages were isolated and named Klebsiella phage Kpn02, Kpn17, Kpn74, and Kpn13. The optimal MOI and latent periods of phage Kpn02, Kpn17, Kpn74, and Kpn13 were 10, 1, 0.001, and 100 PFU/CFU and 20, 10, 20, and 30 min, respectively. Burst sizes ranged from 811 to 2363. No known antibiotic resistance and virulence genes were identified. No tRNAs were detected except Klebsiella phage Kpn02 which encodes 24 tRNAs. Interestingly, Klebsiella phage Kpn74 was predicted to be a lysogenic phage whose prophage is a linear plasmid molecule with covalently closed ends. Of the Klebsiella-infecting phages presented in current study, virulent phages suggest that they may represent candidate therapeutic agents against MDR K. pneumoniae, based on short latent period, high burst sizes and no known antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in their genomes.
New symmetries of the two-Higgs-doublet model
Authors: Ferreira P. M. , Grzadkowski B. , Ogreid O. M. , Osland P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Two Higgs Doublet Model invariant under the gauge group $$SU(2)\times U(1)$$

S
U
(
2
)
×
U
(
1
)

is known to have six additional global discrete or continuous symmetries of its scalar sector. We have discovered regions of parameter space of the model which are basis and renormalization group invariant to all orders of perturbation theory in the scalar and gauge sectors, but correspond to none of the hitherto considered symmetries. We therefore identify seven new symmetries of the model and discuss their phenomenology. Soft symmetry breaking is required for some of these models so that electroweak symmetry breaking can occur. We show that, at least at the two-loop level, it is possible to extend some of these symmetries to include fermions.
Guanyin, Plumber, Philosopher
Authors: Mattice Sarah A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper explores the role of philosophical exemplars, focusing on two uncommon but valuable figures: Guanyin, bodhisattva of compassion, and the plumber-as-philosopher described by Mary Midgley. These figures highlight philosophical activity as benefitting from a wide variety of heterogenous sources, styles, and models, and suggest that philosophy be understood as a response to lived needs. The paper concludes with some suggestions for ways in which these exemplars might be relevant for contemporary issues in the academy.
Subversive Spirituality: the Feminism of Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851–1921)
Authors: Scheopner Cynthia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Emilia Pardo Bazán challenged French naturalist writers in the 19th century who maintained that our lives are completely determined by inheritance/background, environment, and the historical moment. She maintained that naturalism as materialism misses the spiritual component of human existence, which is captured in her theory of realism. Against descriptions of her “Catholic Naturalism” as a sort of weakened compromise, I argue that she weaponized Church doctrines to forge a strong feminist philosophy firmly rooted in Spanish Roman Catholicism.
Transmitting Awareness (saṅkrānti)
Authors: Reich James D. , Williams Ben 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On the basis of a parallel passage in Abhinavagupta’s commentaries on the Nāṭyaśāstra and the Īśvarapratyabhijñākārikā, this article considers the ways in which Abhinavagupta theorized “transmission” (saṅkrānti) in his descriptions of aesthetic experience and the reception of knowledge in non-dual Śaiva philosophy. We argue that this notion of transmission, in which the lines between author and qualified audience are blurred, is indebted to a number of earlier sources that explain the way in which knowledge and liberation are transmitted, most significantly the Kaula Śākta traditions in the immediate background of Abhinavagupta’s tantric exegesis. Here the terms saṅkrānti and saṅkramaṇa are employed in descriptions of initiation, the transferal of lineage, and a Guru’s awakened awareness passing into the body of a disciple. In Abhinavagupta’s parallel passages, he expands upon this notion of “transmission” by showing how it can emerge even when a teacher/poet and a student/audience are separated by time and space. In both accounts, what allows an ideal audience to internalize or identify with a teaching or text is an act of participation that effectively dissolves the limitations of time, space, and individuality. Interestingly, in both the aesthetic and non-dual Śaiva context, this process of transmission unfolds through an indirect mode of expression that cannot be reduced to reasoning. The article concludes with an exploration of the purpose of Abhinavagupta’s vision of transmission, particularly related to the notion that texts can encode, preserve, and, in the presence of a sensitive audience, reenact the awareness of their authors, even after lineages break or traditions fragment.