bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stocking of Advanced-Fingerling Largemouth Bass to Supplement Year-Classes in Lake Talquin, Florida
Authors: Mesing Charles L. , Cailteux Richard L. , Strickland P. Andrew , Long Eric A. , Rogers Mark W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Supplemental stocking of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides has often resulted in limited success in large systems. We evaluated the contribution and relative abundance of advanced-size (65–90 mm total length [TL]) hatchery Florida largemouth bass M. salmoides floridanus that were stocked into Lake Talquin (3,561 ha) to supplement year-classes. Stocking density varied from 15 to 60 fish/ha from 2000 to 2003. Coded wire tags and unique nuclei in the sagittal otoliths of hatchery fish were used to identify stocked fish to estimate percent contribution and relative abundance. Hatchery fish released by May 15 used threadfin shad Dorosoma petenense as a primary food source at significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) frequencies than did wild age-0 Florida largemouth bass examined from June to October. Dominant modal size-groups (20–27 cm TL) of age-0 hatchery fish in October electrofishing were larger than those of age-0 wild fish (10–14 cm TL). Hatchery fish made up an estimated 17–40% of the age-0 fish collected during October electrofishing from 2000 to 2003. The highest stocking density (60 fish/ha) resulted in a 40% hatchery contribution to electrofishing samples at age 0 and a 37% contribution to electrofishing samples at age 3. For the group stocked at the highest density, electrofishing catch per unit effort (CPUE) at age 0 (26 fish/h) and age 3 (8 fish/h) was higher (P &lt; 0.05) than that for groups stocked at lower densities (15–39 fish/ha; age-0 CPUE = 7–17 fish/h; age-3 CPUE = 2 fish/h). Hatchery fish contribution to largemouth bass angler tournament catch in April–May 2004–2006 was estimated to be at least 20% after 4 years of variable stocking. Several factors, such as appropriate time of stocking, size at stocking, food supply, and age-0 wild and stocked fish densities, influenced hatchery fish contributions to each year-class and the fishery.
Bioenergetics Evaluation of the Fish Community in the Western Arm of Lake Superior in 2004
Authors: Negus Mary T. , Schreiner Donald R. , Halpern Theodore N. , Schram Stephen T. , Seider Michael J. , Pratt Dennis M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Lake Superior's fish community continues to change as a result of the recovery of populations of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, the naturalization of introduced salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. and Salmo spp., declines in the populations of rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax, and the fluctuating recruitment of cisco Coregonus artedi. This study used bioenergetics modeling of the dominant predator fish in the western arm of Lake Superior in 2004 to provide a comprehensive picture of the relationship between predator demand and prey fish availability. The results, presented for nearshore and offshore areas and three geographically distinct ecoregions, indicate that the western arm is at or near its carrying capacity for predators. Estimated predator demand was about one-half the annual biomass plus production of coregonines but exceeded the biomass plus production of rainbow smelt, possibly because of underestimates of this species in shallow areas and recent shifts in predator diets. Lean lake trout were responsible for most of the consumption of these prey fish, while the deepwater siscowet form ranked second. The commercial harvest of prey fish biomass was trivial compared with the consumption by predator fish. Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, along with other nearshore potamodromous species, played minor roles in total consumption. Chinook salmon are an indicator of forage status, as they have responded to declines in the rainbow smelt biomass with a dramatic diet shift to ciscoes and a decline in weight at age since the early 1990s. Slightly reduced lean lake trout growth and density-dependent survival in some areas also indicate that competition for prey is intense. Because most of the predators in the western arm are wild fish, stocked predators no longer have a great impact on prey populations. Bioenergetics modeling of predator demand combined with hydroacoustic estimates of prey supply can be valuable for managing the fisheries of large lakes, allocating resources to various interest groups, and increasing basic understanding of lake production and community dynamics.
Use of Gill Nets for Target Verification of a Hydroacoustic Fisheries Survey and Comparison with Kokanee Spawner Escapement Estimates from a Tributary Trap
Authors: Baldwin Casey M. , McLellan Jason G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The focus of this study was to determine whether gill nets are a valid method for assessing species composition for a hydroacoustic survey and whether the hydroacoustic and gill-net survey could be used to forecast the spawn escapement of kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka so as to allow fisheries managers to plan ahead for egg takes at Sullivan Lake, Washington. We conducted a mobile hydroacoustic survey of the limnetic zone of Sullivan Lake in September 2003. Species composition was estimated using floating, sinking, and suspended horizontal and vertical gill nets. Spawning escapement was estimated from a weir, trapping, and carcass recovery effort in Harvey Creek, the only spawning tributary of Sullivan Lake. Fish captured in gill nets ranged from 110 to 579 mm total length (TL), but 82% of the fish captured were between 150 and 290 mm TL. Kokanee were the dominant fish species captured in the limnetic gill nets, comprising 77% of the fish captured between 150 and 290 mm TL and 90% of the fish captured between 240 and 290 mm TL. We derived four alternative estimates of age-3 kokanee abundance to account for the uncertainty in estimating the target strength of individual fish and the percentage of kokanee from the gill-net catch. The acoustic and gill-net abundance estimates that did not take into account the uncertainty in estimating kokanee length from target strength were relatively consistent (1–16%) with the Harvey Creek spawning escapement estimate (11,923). When abundance estimates were expanded by the average SE (25 mm) of individually tracked fish targets, the correspondence with the tributary spawn escapement was not as good (110–148%). This study showed that gill nets could be an effective means of verifying the acoustic targets of larger fish (&gt;150 mm) and were adequate for forecasting spawn escapement for management purposes in our situation.
Empirical Percentile Standard Weight Equation for the Blacktail Redhorse
Authors: Rypel Andrew L. , Richter Tracy J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
We generated a standard weight (Ws) equation for the blacktail redhorse Moxostoma poecilurum by use of the empirical percentile (EmP) method. Length and weight data were compiled from 3,098 individuals representing 60 populations across five states in the southeastern USA. These data were subsequently used to create the Ws equation. The species' total length (TL) constraints (130–450 mm) were used to produce the final Ws equation: log10 Ws = −5.182 + 3.087 · log10TL. No length-related bias could be detected from the equation, indicating that it is a strong Ws equation. A separate data set from 42 populations and 179 individuals was used to validate the Ws equation. We recommend use of this equation for assessment of blacktail redhorse population dynamics, and we contend that creation of EmP Ws equations for other nongame fishes would be useful in management of fish communities as a whole.
Impacts of Endothall Applications on Largemouth Bass Spawning Behavior and Reproductive Success
Authors: Maceina Michael J. , Marshall Matthew D. , Sammons Steven M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Aquatic herbicides are commonly used to control excessive and nuisance levels of submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV). At times, these applications tend to be more effective at the onset of fish spawning in spring; however, they can cause conflicts between anglers and lake management personnel assigned to control excessive SAV. We evaluated the direct application of an aquatic herbicide (Aquathol K [dipotassium salt of endothall]) on the nest behavior and fidelity of largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and measured the subsequent reproductive success of these fish. Endothall was applied to achieve a shoreline concentration of 5 mg/L of water volume in 0.1-ha ponds (3 mg/L whole-pond concentration). It was applied directly on nests in three ponds in March 2005, 2006, and 2007 when largemouth bass initiated spawning; spawning activity was monitored over 14–15 d. Using similar techniques, we applied water to another three ponds where largemouth bass were nesting. For all 3 years, endothall did not affect nest guarding by largemouth bass, and nest fidelity was similar to that for ponds treated with water. Endothall concentrations declined about sevenfold over 21 d but persisted in the water during spawning. Electrofishing of young largemouth bass 2–3 months after spawning showed that their relative abundance and size were similar among the ponds treated with endothall and the control ponds. Similarly, the density and biomass of age-0 largemouth bass did not vary between treatments for fish killed with rotenone in late August each year. Managers can use these results to address angler concerns about endothall application during largemouth bass spawning and thereby lessen conflicts over efforts to control excessive SAV.
Changes and Predictive and Prognostic Value of the Mitotic Index, Ki-67, Cyclin D1, and Cyclo-oxygenase-2 in 710 Operable Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Penault-Llorca Frédérique , Abrial Catherine , Raoelfils Inès , Chollet Philippe , Cayre Anne , Mouret-Reynier Marie-Ange , Thivat Emilie , Mishellany Florence , Gimbergues Pierre , Durando Xavier 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The current study expands upon previous work using a database of 710 patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. First, we studied phenotypic characteristics of tumors before and after chemotherapy using the following factors: the mitotic index of the Scarff–Bloom–Richardson grade, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and cyclo-oxygenase-2. Second, the predictive value of these factors on response was assessed. Third, we measured the prognostic impact of these markers post-therapy in comparison with clinical and pathological responses according to the Chevallier and Sataloff classifications.
Patients were treated using different neoadjuvant chemotherapy combinations, mainly in successive prospective phase II trials. They received a median number of six cycles (range, 1–9). After neoadjuvant chemotherapy, patients underwent surgery and radiotherapy. In cases of important residual disease, some received additional courses of chemotherapy. In addition, menopausal patients with hormone receptor–positive tumors received tamoxifen for 5 years.
According to our analysis, we found significant variations before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy only for cyclin D1 and the mitotic index. Concerning the predictive value of biomarkers for response, Ki-67 and the mitotic index were predictive on univariate analysis, both for objective clinical and pathological complete responses. Because these two factors were correlated, no multivariate analyses were conducted. We then assessed the prognostic impact of the biopathological factors. When the factors were measured before chemotherapy, all were prognostic. When evaluated after chemotherapy, the mitotic index, objective clinical response, and pathological complete response were prognostic. Because these factors were correlated, no multivariate model was done.
The main clinical fact is that there were significant correlations between clinical and pathological responses and variations in the biological factors studied.
Multidisciplinary Strategy for Managing Cardiovascular Risks When Treating Patients with Early Breast Cancer
Authors: Lenihan Daniel J. , Esteva Francisco J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Adjuvant systemic therapies for the treatment of early-stage breast cancer (EBC) effectively treat the tumor and significantly decrease the risk for recurrence. However, some of these treatments are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Cardiovascular complications related to cancer therapy may be a prominent concern in postmenopausal women with existing cardiovascular disease or in those who are at high risk for developing cardiovascular disease. The increased risk for cardiac toxicity in women receiving radiation, anthracyclines, and/or trastuzumab for the adjuvant treatment of EBC is well established. The risk of thromboembolic disease is higher in patients with estrogen receptor–positive EBC receiving tamoxifen in the adjuvant setting, whether it is given before or instead of an aromatase inhibitor. In addition, while available data suggest no substantial differences in the risk for ischemic cardiovascular events between aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen, investigation is still ongoing. Based on this information, it is important for health care providers to understand the cardiovascular risks of treatment and how to monitor at-risk patients, particularly when multiple agents are used in combination or in succession. Improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with EBC requires cardiovascular risk assessment, management, and long-term follow-up care. Because of the multimodal treatment of EBC patients, their care requires a multidisciplinary approach to reduce not only the risk for breast cancer recurrence but also the risk for treatment-related cardiac toxicities.
Comparative reductions of bacterial indicators, bacteriophage-infecting enteric bacteria and enteroviruses in wastewater tertiary treatments by lagooning and UV-radiation
Authors: Gomila Margarita , Solis Javier J. , David Zoyla , Ramon Cristina , Lalucat Jorge 
Published: December 2008

A two-year monitoring program of microbiological and physical–chemical parameters at 2 waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) in Mallorca (Spain) was performed in order to (1) evaluate the efficiency of lagooning and UV radiation as tertiary treatment processes; (2) determine the characteristics of wastewater effluent for its potential agricultural reuse; and (3) establish correlations between bacteriological and virological parameters. The presence of currently established bacterial indicators (total coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, enterococci, and spores of sulphite-reducing clostridia), virological (enteroviruses, somatic coliphages, F-specific coliphages, and phages infecting Bacteroides fragilis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron), and helminth eggs were tested during this study. Bacterial and viral indicators were removed at least with one log reduction in the lagooning system, and to a lesser extent with UV-radiation treatment. The lagooning system was less efficient in removing phages and viruses than were bacterial indicators, with the exception of F-specific phages. Phages of B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron were less removed than all of the other microbiological parameters. In the UV-radiation treatment, however, the faecal coliforms proved the most sensitive, while clostridial spores, somatic coliphages, Bacteroides phages, and enteric viruses were the more resistant. Helminth eggs were not detected in any samples from effluents of either the secondary or tertiary treatments.
Indicator levels in both treatments met the established regulations of both local and national authorities for the disposal or reuse of wastewater in irrigation for non-human crop. We demonstrate that somatic coliphages are effective indicators of enteric viruses in both of the WWTPs studied.
Human Capital Challenges Facing the Public Company Auditing Profession
Authors: Carcello Joseph V. 
Published: December 2008

SYNOPSIS: This paper addresses human capital (HC) challenges facing the public company auditing profession. In my opinion, the HC challenges facing the profession make it less likely that the profession can effectively serve the interests of the investing public in the future, and I believe that we must consider fundamental changes to our educational model if these challenges are to be adequately addressed.
In the sections below, I consider the quantity and quality of accounting graduates, the quantity and quality of new accounting and auditing faculty, and a potential educational solution to the HC challenges facing the profession. To the extent possible, I cross-reference my identification of HC challenges to the Advisory Committee on the Auditing Profession’s discussion outline (see http://www.treas.gov/offices/domestic-finance/acap/agendas/outline-10-15-07.pdf). I hope that these comments will provide useful input to the Advisory Committee’s deliberations and will promote additional analysis and debate regarding the future of the auditing profession.
A simple and efficient synthesis of 3-substituted derivatives of pentane-2,4-dione
Authors: Staniszewski Bartosz , Urbaniak Włodzimierz 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel and efficient method of synthesis of 3-substituted derivatives of pentane-2,4-dione is proposed, wherein cheaper and easily accessible chloro derivatives are conversed into more reactive iodo derivatives. The method is based on the Finkelstein reaction for which the literature suggests highly polar organic solvents as ideal reaction media. In the presented work, the use of industrially used ketones, especially methyl isobutyl ketone, is proposed. The use of MIBK as a solvent additionally allows an azeotropic removal of water from the reaction mixture, enabling the application of moisture sensitive alkylating agents i.e. (3-chloropropyl)trimethoxysilane. The obtained products are isolated through distillation, which does however not allow the separation of C-alkylation products from O-alkylation ones. The products not containing water-sensitive substituents were isolated as copper complexes. The pure product of C-alkylation was obtained by decomposition of the copper complex with a hydrochloric acid solution and extraction of the formed ligand to an organic phase i.e. hexane. The obtained ligand can be further purified by distillation.
Pyrolytic and catalytic conversion of rape oil into aromatic and aliphatic fractions in a fixed bed reactor on Al2O3 and Al2O3/B2O3 catalysts
Authors: Kirszensztejn Piotr , Przekop Robert , Tolińska Agnieszka , Maćkowska Ewa 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn the, at present, unstable fuel market, much attention is devoted to alternative technologies for fuel production and development of alternative products of the petrochemical industry. One of the prospective sources of fuel and alternative petrochemical products is biomass, and the use of oil plants is one of the possibilities. This paper reports on a possible conversion of rapeseed oil produced in Poland into intermediate hydrocarbon fractions by pyrolysis combined with parallel catalytic conversion. The products were analysed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass detector. The process was performed in a fixed-bed reactor and was monitored by FTIR and 1H NMR. Depending on the catalysts applied, the products contained: water, carbon oxides, hydrogen, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbons accompanied by some amount of C2-C5 hydrocarbons formed during the cracking process.
Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry of Oligonucleotides
Authors: Castleberry Colette M. , Rodicio Lenore P. , Limbach Patrick A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBecause of the high molecular weights and thermal lability of biomolecules such as nucleic acids and protein, they can be difficult to analyze by mass spectrometry. Such analyses require a “soft” ionization method that is capable of generating intact molecular ions. In addition, most mass analyzers have a limited upper mass range that is not sufficient for studying these large molecules. ESI‐MS can be used to analyze molecules with a molecular weight that is larger than the mass‐to‐charge ratio limit of the analyzer. This unit describes how ESI allows for analysis of high‐molecular‐weight compounds through the generation of multiply charged ions in the gas phase. It discusses analyzer configurations and solvent selection, and gives protocols for sample preparation. For applications of ESI‐MS, the unit discusses molecular weight determination, sequencing, and analysis of oligonucleotide mixtures by LC‐MS. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 35:10.2.1‐10.2.19. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Isolation of Neuromelanin Granules
Authors: Tribl Florian 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNeuromelanin granules are pigmented organelles in the human midbrain that give name to a brain area, substantia nigra pars compacta, which macroscopically appears as a dark brown region in the midbrain due to the insoluble pigment neuromelanin. The substantia nigra pars compacta massively degenerates in Parkinson's disease and gives rise to severely disabling movement symptoms. It has been suggested that neuromelanin granules play an important role in the neurodegenerative events in Parkinson's disease: redox‐active iron is bound to neuromelanin and thereby retained within this compartment, but in Parkinson's disease it is thought to be increasingly released into the cytosol, promoting oxidative stress. This unit includes a methodological workflow for the isolation of neuromelanin granules from the human midbrain. This top‐down approach (describes an approach that reduces the complexity of the sample stepwise from the level of tissue to cell, and from cell to organelle) encompasses the organelle isolation by sequential density gradient centrifugation and the assessment of the isolation efficacy by western blotting.Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 41:3.31.1‐3.31.15. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐Dimensional Tissue Models of Normal and Diseased Skin
Authors: Carlson Mark W. , Alt‐Holland Addy , Egles Christophe , Garlick Jonathan A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOver the last decade, the development of in vitro, human, three‐dimensional (3D) tissue models, known as human skin equivalents (HSEs), has furthered understanding of epidermal cell biology and provided novel experimental systems. Signaling pathways that mediate the linkage between growth and differentiation function optimally when cells are spatially organized to display the architectural features seen in vivo, but are uncoupled and lost in two‐dimensional culture systems. HSEs consist of a stratified squamous epithelium grown at an air‐liquid interface on a collagen matrix populated with dermal fibroblasts. These 3D tissues demonstrate in vivo–like epithelial differentiation and morphology, and rates of cell division, similar to those found in human skin. This unit describes fabrication of HSEs, allowing the generation of human tissues that mimic the morphology, differentiation, and growth of human skin, as well as disease processes of cancer and wound re‐epithelialization, providing powerful new tools for the study of diseases in humans. Curr. Protoc. Cell Biol. 41:19.9.1‐19.9.17. © 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.