bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The interaction of non‐transforming Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) with cell‐associated EBV DNA in superinfected lymphoblastoid cell lines
Authors: Stoerker Jay , Yajima Yoshihiro , Glaser Ronald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo human lymphoblastoid cell lines were established by the transformation of human cord‐blood lymphocytes with transforming Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). One cell line (HLB‐R1) was established with EBV obtained after the superinfection of Raji cells with HR‐1 EBV and the other (HLB‐B1) was established from B95‐8 EBV‐infected human cord‐blood lymphocytes. Both the HLB‐R1 and HLB‐B1 lines were susceptible to superinfection with HR‐1 EBV. We found that EBV DNA was replicated in the superinfected cell lines and that transforming EBV was produced in both the HLB‐B1 and HLB‐R1 cells. The average titer of transforming EBV obtained in the HR‐1 EBV superinfected HLB‐B1 and HLB‐R1 cell lines was 104 transforming units (TU)/ml, whereas the average titers of transforming EBV obtained by the superinfection of Raji cells was 10 TU/ml. Epstein‐Barr virus capable of inducing early antigen (EA) in superinfected Raji cells (lytic virus) was not detected in any transforming virus preparation. Restriction enzyme digestion patterns of virus DNA isolated from HR‐1 and B95‐8 cells, as well as from superinfected cells, were compared. The EBV DNA that was replicated in the superinfected HLB‐R1 and HLB‐B1 cell lines showed a more complex pattern. Our data suggest that recombination between input HR‐1 EBV DNA and latent cell‐associated EBV DNA occurs. Presumably this recombination results in a change in the biological properties of the newly synthesized virus.
Detection of antibodies against the cellular protein p53 in sera from patients with breast cancer
Authors: Crawford L. V. , Pim D. C. , Bulbrook R. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies reacting with the host protein p53 were found in the sera of patients with primary or secondary carcinoma of the breast. Fourteen out of the 155 sera from breast cancer patients tested were positive for anti‐p53 antibodies (9%) and no positives were detected among 164 control sera from normal women tested. The locations of the first metastasis in patients with positive sera were unusual, with more lung metastases and fewer bone metastases than expected. The detection of anti‐p53 antibodies indicates that p53 is altered in amount, type or presentation in breast tumors so that it becomes immunogenic.
Serological response of melanoma patients receiving melanoma cell vaccines. I. Autologous cultured melanoma cells
Authors: Livingston Philip O. , Watanabe Tadashi , Shiku Hiroshi , Houghton Alan N. , Albino Anthony , Takahashi Toshitada , Resnick Lois A. , Michitsch Richard , Pinsky Carl M. , Oettgen Herbert F. , Old Lloyd J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur past studies have defined Class 1 (unique), Class 2 (shared) and Class 3 (widely distributed) melanoma cell surface antigens by serological typing with autologous antibody. These definitions provide the basis for determining the immunogenicity of a series of melanoma vaccines in patients with malignant melanoma. The first vaccine we tested in this way was prepared from autologous melanoma cell lines, and the results of our trial are the basis of this report. Thirteen patients with metastatic malignant melanoma were vaccinated with irradiated, cultured autologous melanoma cells mixed with BCG in an attempt to induce a serological response to Class 1 or 2 melanoma antigens. Antibodies were measured by protein A (PA), mixed hemadsorption (MHA), immune adherence (IA), C3‐mixed hemadsorption (C3‐MHA) and antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) assays. The specificity of observed reactions was defined by absorption analysis. Eight patients showed an increase in the titer of antibodies to autologous melanoma cell surface antigens after vaccination. In two of these patients, the antibodies had specificity for shared melanoma antigens. In six patients, the antibodies were directed solely against antigens related to the fetal calf serum (FCS) used in growing cells for serological testing and vaccine preparation. We conclude that unmodified autologous cultured melanoma cells, administered as they were in this trial, induce a serological response to melanoma cell surface antigens only in exceptional cases.
Glucocorticoid receptors in hairy‐cell leukemia
Authors: Kontula K. , Paavonen T. , Vuopio P. , Andersson L. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGlucocorticoid receptors were measured from leukemic cells of five patients with hairy‐cell leukemia as well as a cell line (JOK‐1) derived from one of the patients studied and grown in continuous culture in vitro. Receptor analyses were accomplished using a whole‐cell binding assay with [3H]dexamethasone as the ligand. Glucocorticoid receptor sites in the leukemic hairy cells ranged from 5,710 to 11,400 sites/cell, and the mean dissociation constant (KD) between the receptor sites and [3H]dexamethasone was 0.67±0.03 × 10−8 M. The glucocorticoid receptor nature of the binding activity was verified by demonstration of an appropriate order of competing ability for a selected group of ligands. The cell line JOK‐1 contained 9830 receptor sites/cell with a KD of 0.78 × 10−8 M. The in vitro growth pattern of this cell line was characterized by an almost complete insensitivity to glucocorticoids. We conclude that the postulated general presence of glucocorticoid receptors in various types of normal and malignant leukocytes extends to hairy‐cell leukemia, a disease often characterized by resistance to antileukemic drugs, including corticosteroids. The sole presence of the glucocorticoid receptor thus does not seem to signify steroid responsiveness.
Age at menarche, urine estrogens and breast cancer risk
Authors: Macmahon Brian , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Brown James , Andersen A. P. , Cole Philip , Dewaard Fritz , Kauraniemi Tapani , Polychronopoulou Antonia , Ravnihar Božena , Stormby Nils , Westlund Knut 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 511 nulliparous women aged 15–19 years and 347 aged 30–39, an analysis has been undertaken of the relationship of urine concentrations of the three principal estrogens to age, age at menarche and Quetelet's index of adiposity. The analysis was undertaken by means of multiple regression, controlling for each of the 12 centers from which the data originated, as well as for the other study variables. In the younger women, age was strongly and positively related to concentrations of El and E2 and less so to E3. In the age group 30–39, folluiar phase specimens showed positive relationships with age for all three fractions but luteal specimens did not. Age at menarche showed inverse relationships to levels of El and E2 which were significant in the younger but not in the older age group. The associations of estrogens with Quetelet's index were weak and not statistically significant. The data suggest that women whose menarche occurs early not only have a longer duration of exposure to estrogens during years which are probably important in the initiation of breast cancer but, in addition, their exposures are at a higher level during those years and probably at later ages also. These observations support the hypothesis that the mechanism of the association of early menarche with breast cancer risk is via the association of both with estrogen stimulus.
Identification of Hodgkin and sternberg‐reed cells as a unique cell type derived from a newly‐detected small‐cell population
Authors: Stein Harald , Gerdes Johannes , Schwab Ulrich , Lemke Hilmar , Mason David Y. , Ziegler Andreas , Schienle Wolfgang , Diehl Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study the antigenic profile of Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg‐Reed (SR) cells from cases of Hodgkin's disease was analysed using a large panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies reactive with cells of lymphoid and haemotopoietic origin. The aim of this investigation was, firstly, to throw light on the origin of H and SR cells and, secondly, to determine whether there is any evidence to support recent suggestions that H and SR cells differ antigenically between different histological categories of Hodgkin's disease. Frozen sections (from 24 cases) and paraffin sections (83 cases) were stained by immunoenzymatic methods and the results compared with those obtained from staining a wide variety of reactive and neoplastic tissue samples (including examples of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, malignant histiocytosis, histiocytosis X, osteomyelosclerosis and non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma). The results revealed that H and SR cells of all types of Hodgkin's disease consistently lack markers found on null cells, B cells, T cells, cells of monocyte/macrophage series, interdigitating reticulum cells, dendritic reticulum cells and erythropoietic and thrombopoietic cells. However, H and SR cells constantly expressed an antigen detectable with the recently produced monoclonal antibody Ki‐1. The vast majority of typical and lacunar type H and SR cells contained the granulocyte‐related antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies TÜ5, TÜ6, TÜ9 and 3C4, whereas other more or less specific granulopoietic cell markers (such as peroxidase, chloroacetate esterade, lysozyme, cationic leukocyte antigen and OKMI) were consistently absent. H and SR cells in cases of nodular paragranuloma (nodular type of Hodgkin's disease with lymphocyte predominance) were not monotypic in light chain type (as has been previously reported), but rather contained x and λ chains within the same cells, as do typical and lacunar type H and SR cells. Immunostaining of normal and hyperplastic lymphoid tissue with the Ki‐I antibody led to the detection of a new, as yet unidentified, small‐cell population of unknown origin and function, which is present between, around, and within cortical follicles. It is concluded from these findings that H and SR cells constitute a unique cell type that differs in many properties from all other known cell types. Furthermore, H and SR cells of the various histological types of Hodgkin's disease are more closely related than previously believed. It is suggested that the hitherto unknown cell population detected with the monoclonal antibody Ki‐I in normal lymphoid tissue is the normal equivalent of H and SR cells.
Antitumor effect of arginine butyrate in conjunction with corynebacterium parvum and interferon
Authors: Chany Charles , Cerutti Italina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antitumor effect of arginine butyrate, used alone or in conjunction with interferon (IFN), was studied using randomly selected Swiss mice inoculated i.p. with 106 180 TG Crocker tumor cells. The results of these different therapeutic regimens were estimated by tumor incidence at 10 days, by the time necessary to protect 50% of the animals, and by the final survival rate. Combined treatment by IFN and arginine butyrate was effective; but in order to compensate for IFN's immune repressive effects, a single injection of Corynebacterium parvum was administered in some experiments prior to IFN and/or arginine butyrate. After this immune potentiation, both IFN and arginine butyrate used separately significantly protected the animals. However, optimal results were obtained when a single C. parvum injection was followed by nine daily alternating shots of arginine butyrate and IFN.
Specific chromosome changes associated with viral transformation of rat glial cells
Authors: Kano‐Tanaka Kyoko , Tanaka Tatsuya 
Published: February 2007

AbstractKaryotypes of three malignant cell lines derived from Wistar and WKA/Mk fetal rat glioblasts, transformed by murine sarcoma virus (MSV‐M‐os) as well as those of four cell lines derived from C6 glioma cells of Wistar origin, retransformed by MSV‐M‐os, were analyzed in early culture passages. The C6 line had a modal number of 42 chromosomes with a normal male karyotype, and only a minor population of cells with 43 chromosomes. The modal chromosome number in every transformed glial cell line shifted from 42 to 43. The G‐banding pattern revealed consistent chromosome abnormalities. Structural chromosome changes occurred in one chromosome No. 2 (2q‐) and in one No. 4 (4q+). The cells with a 43 chromosome karyotype showed trisomy of chromosome No. 12 and its heteromorphism, a finding also confirmed by silver staining. Identical chromosome changes were found in transformed C6 cell lines. A further interesting feature was that all malignant cells had different distribution patterns of silver‐stained nucleolar organizer regions (Ag‐NORs) among particular chromosomes (Nos. 3, 11 and 12) from normal cells, showing an increased frequency of chromosome No. 12 with Ag‐NORs. These results suggested that the gain and/or loss of specific segments involved in chromosomes Nos. 2, 4 and 12 contain(s) genes favorable to malignant transformation in rat glial cells.
Chromosome changes in butylnitrosourea (BNU)‐induced mouse leukemia
Authors: Carbonell F. , Seidel H. J. , Saks S. , Kreja L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractG‐banding analysis was carried out in 45 mice after exposure to the leukemogen butylnitrosourea (BNU). Of 27 animals without clinical signs of leukemia, 2 had chromosomal rearrangements (7%) while, of 18 leukemic mice, 5 showed abnormal karyotypes (28%). The chromosomal abnormalities were not random and showed preferential changes of chromosomes Nos. 14 and 15. The organ distribution of the chromosomal abnormalities showed a preferential involvement of the thymus with a secondary presence of chromosome anomalies in peripheral lymphoid organs and the bone marrow. The findings are discussed in relation to the recent reports on the specificity of trisomy 15 in murine leukemia and lymphoma.
Purification and functional characterization of a low molecular weight immune modulating factor produced by lewis lung carcinoma
Authors: Young M. Rita , Sundharadas G. , Cantarow Walter D. , Kumar P. Ravi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreviously, we reported that mouse tumors contain a low molecular weight factor which is capable of affecting in vitro properties of macrophages. We now describe the purification to homogeneity of the only factor with macrophage modulating activity from one of these tumors, Lewis lung carcinoma. The purified tumor factor appears to be a carboxylic acid and it retains all of the macrophage modulating properties which are characteristic of the unfractionated crude tumor extracts. This factor therefore reverses the spreading of macrophages, enhances the migration of macrophages out of capillary tubes and inhibits their chemotactic and tumoricidal activities. The purified tumor factor also inhibits immune responses of spleen cells. Specifically, proliferation of normal lymphocytes in response to mitogens and to alloantigens, as well as the generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in a mixed leukocyte culture, are suppressed when these cells are cultured in the presence of the purified tumor factor. The mixed leukocyte reaction of lymphoid cells obtained from mice which had been treated with the tumor factor is reduced compared to the response of lymphocytes obtained from normal mice. It is possible that there is a relation between production of this factor by tumor cells and survival of the tumor in a host.
Tumorigenicity of sarcoma cells is enhanced by the local environment of implanted foreign body
Authors: Vasiliev Ju. M. , Moizhess T. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe local effect of an implanted foreign body (polyvinyl chloride film) on the growth of transplanted syngeneic sarcoma cells was studied. Two cell lines derived from CBA mouse sarcomas induced by subcutaneously implanted polymer films were used. Small numbers of tumour cells were subcutaneously transplanted to CBA mice in several ways (1) as a suspension into normal tissue (control group); (2) as a suspension into the capsules around previously implanted polymer films; (3) attached to the surface of polymer films, and implanted with these films. The incidence of tumours was significantly increased and the time of their appearance was decreased in groups (2) and (3) as compared with the control group (1). Removal of the film from the capsule 24 h after the transplantation of sarcoma cells did not abolish the stimulation of tumor growth. It is concluded that the local environment of the implanted foreign body promotes the growth of sarcoma cells; similar promoting effects may play some role in the course of foreign body tumorigenesis.
Expression of intermediate filaments in soft‐tissue sarcomas
Authors: Miettinen M. , Lehto V.‐P. , Badley R. A. , Virtanen I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonospecific antibodies and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy were used to investigate the presence of cytoskeletal intermediate filaments of the keratin, vimentin and desmin types in 43 soft‐tissue sarcomas. The results showed that vimentin was present in the neoplastic cells of all types of soft‐tissue sarcomas studied, whereas keratin was absent, the only exception being the epithelial‐like cells in biphasic synovial sarcoma. The presence of desmin was confined to leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas, which usually showed desmin‐positivity. In addition, malignant fibrous histiocytomas occasionally displayed some desmin‐positive cells. Thus, determination of intermediate filaments is of aid in the histogenetical diagnosis of tumors, because keratin‐positivity largely excludes the possibility of a sarcoma, and desmin‐positivity aids in recognizing leiomyosarcomas and rhabdomyosarcomas.
Application of the micronucleus test to exfoliated cells of high cancer risk groups: Tobacco chewers
Authors: Stich Hans F. , Curtis J. Randall , Parida Bibhuti B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPowdered tobacco (Khaini tobacco) with the addition of lime is commonly used by the residents of Bihar, India. The tobacco/lime mixture is usually placed on the inner side of the lower lip within the gingivolabial groove. About 42% of the users keep it at the front, the rest move the tobacco towards the left or right side within the oral cavity. Carcinomas (so‐called “Khaini cancers”) develop mainly at the site where the tobacco is in close contact with the mucosa. Scrapings of the mucosa were taken at sites where the tobacco is kept, then smears were prepared, stained with the Feulgen reaction and fast green, and screened for micronuclei which indicate the occurrence of chromosome aberrations in the dividing cell population of the basal layer. An elevated frequency of cells with micronuclei was found in the oral mucosa of all 27 examined Khaini tobacco users (Munda and Santal tribes) compared to that of non‐chewers of similar ethnic background and dietary habits. The induction of micronucleated mucosa cells seems to be due to genotoxic agents released from the tobacco/lime mixture. In vitro, an aqueous extract of the Khaini tobacco elicits chromosome aberrations and micronuclei in cultured human fibroblasts and Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. No chromosome‐damaging effect was observed following the application of lime or calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2). The micronucleus test on exfoliated cells can provide evidence of carcinogen exposure in the tissue from which cancers will develop. This approach combines all the advantages of in vitro short‐term tests for genotoxic and carcinogenic agents with those of using an intact organism with all its defence mechanisms.
Human embryonal carcinoma cells in culture do not synthesize fibronectin until they differentiate
Authors: Andrews Peter W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe expression of fibronectin by clones of 2102Ep, a human cell line derived from a testcular germ‐cell tumor, was studied. In high‐density cultures these cells retain an embryonal carcinoma phenotype and do not express the cell surface antigen SSEA‐1. They do not synthesize fibronectin. However, when grown at low densities, many of the cells appear to differentiate, as indicated by a change in their morphology and their expression of SSEA‐1. Such cultures also synthesize fibronectin. Further, when low‐density cultures were fractionated into SSEA‐1‐positive and SSEA‐1‐negative subpopulations by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, fibronectin synthesis was confined to the SSEA‐1‐positive cells. The fibronectin produced by these cells exhibits an apparent molecular weight (261,000) slightly greater than that produced by diploid fibroblasts (250,000) and may represent an embyonic form. It is not laid down as an extracellular matrix and cannot be detected by immunofluorescence analysis of cell monolayers.
Human melanoma‐specific oncofetal antigen defined by a mouse monoclonal antibody
Authors: Liao Shuen‐Kuei , Clarke Bryan J. , Khosravi Mohammed , Kwong Pak C. , Brickenden Anne , Dent Peter B. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract140.240, an IgG2a mouse monoclonal antibody raised against a cultured human melanoma cell line, was highly specific for melanoma cells as determined by direct and absorption analyses in a mixed hemadsorption assay. Supernatants of doubly cloned hybridomas producing antibody 140.240 reacted with all cultured and fresh melanomas tested but failed to react with a variety of carcinomas, sarcomas, lymphomas, leukemias and other tumors of neuroectodermal origin. This antibody did not react with B‐lymphoid cell lines, ruling out HLA‐DR specificity. Non‐reactivity of antibody 140.240 with peripheral blood lymphocytes obtained from the donor of the immunizing melanoma line excluded the possibility of detecting histocompatibility antigens. Nevus cells were also non‐reactive. However, antibody 140.240 did identify an antigenic determinant on tissue homogenates prepared from fetuses of 10–14 weeks' gestation. The antigen involved was shed by cultured melanoma lines and, by immunoprecipitation analysis of radiolabelled lysates, had a molecular weight of approximately 87kdal. Thus, the structure identified by monoclonal antibody 140.240 is a melanoma‐specific oncofetal antigen.
Immunoglobulins reactive to carcinoembryonic antigen and their relationship to the antigen in malignant ascitic fluid of ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Hill R. , Khoo S. K. , Daunter B. , Silburn P. A. , Mackay E. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSamples of malignant ascitic fluid from 30 patients with advanced ovarian carcinoma were examined for the presence of IgM antibodies to CEA and PEG‐precipitable proteins binding to 125I‐CEA. The IgM antibodies to CEA were measured by a solid‐phase radioimmunoassay using ovarian CEA. There was no correlation between the level of IgM antibodies to CEA and that of total IgM in the fluid. In 11 of 30 (37%) samples tested, significant amounts of IgM antibodies to CEA were found. The CEA‐binding proteins were measured by the ability of ascitic fluid to incorporate 125I‐colonic‐CEA into PEG‐precipitable complexes. In 9 of 39 (30%) samples, the precipitation was significant. There was no association between antibodies to the ABO and Lewis blood group factors and these antibodies to CEA. An inverse relationship was observed between the level of CEA and that of CEA‐binding proteins shown by the two assays. When 125I‐CEA was incubated with these “positive” samples, a high molecular weight fraction was demonstrated by chromatography. By contrast, in the “negative” samples, there was no incorporation of 125I‐CEA. These findings would indicate the presence of CEA‐reactive proteins possibly existing as immune‐complex‐like material in ascitic fluid of some patients.