bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dopamine receptors in the anterior insular cortex modulate long‐term nociception in the rat
Authors: Coffeen Ulises , López‐Avila Alberto , Ortega‐Legaspi J. Manuel , del Ángel Rosendo , López‐Muñoz Francisco J. , Pellicer Francisco 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) receives dopaminergic projections from the mesolimbic system, which has been involved in the modulation of nociceptive processes. In this study we determined the contribution of dopamine D1and D2receptors in the RAIC regarding nociception processing in a neuropathic pain model, as well as inflammatory articular nociception measured as pain‐induced functional impairment in the rat (PIFIR). Microinjection of vehicle or substances into the RAIC was performed after the induction of nociception. The groups were treated with: a dopamine D1receptor antagonist (SCH‐23390), a dopamine D1receptor agonist (SKF‐38393), a dopamine D2receptor agonist (TNPA) and a dopamine D2receptor antagonist (spiperone). Chronic nociception, induced by denervation, was measured by the autotomy score in which onset and incidence were also determined. The SCH‐23390 and TNPA groups showed a decrease in the autotomy score and a delay on the onset as compared to control, whereas the PIFIR groups did not show statistical differences. This work shows the differential role of dopamine receptors within the RAIC in which the activation of D2or the blockade of D1receptors elicit antinociception.
No effect ofn-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (EPA and DHA) supplementation on depressed mood and cognitive function: a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Rogers Peter J. , Appleton Katherine M. , Kessler David , Peters Tim J. , Gunnell David , Hayward Robert C. , Heatherley Susan V. , Christian Leonie M. , McNaughton Sarah A. , Ness Andy R. 
Published: October 2007

Low dietary intakes of then-3 long-chain PUFA (LCPUFA) EPA and DHA are thought to be associated with increased risk for a variety of adverse outcomes, including some psychiatric disorders. Evidence from observational and intervention studies for a role ofn-3 LCPUFA in depression is mixed, with some support for a benefit of EPA and/or DHA in major depressive illness. The present study was a double-blind randomised controlled trial that evaluated the effects of EPA+DHA supplementation (1·5 g/d) on mood and cognitive function in mild to moderately depressed individuals. Of 218 participants who entered the trial, 190 completed the planned 12 weeks intervention. Compliance, confirmed by plasma fatty acid concentrations, was good, but there was no evidence of a difference between supplemented and placebo groups in the primary outcome – namely, the depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scales at 12 weeks. Mean depression score was 8·4 for the EPA+DHA group and 9·6 for the placebo group, with an adjusted difference of − 1·0 (95 % CI − 2·8, 0·8;P = 0·27). Other measures of mood, mental health and cognitive function, including Beck Depression Inventory score and attentional bias toward threat words, were similarly little affected by the intervention. In conclusion, substantially increasing EPA+DHA intake for 3 months was found not to have beneficial or harmful effects on mood in mild to moderate depression. Adding the present result to a meta-analysis of previous relevant randomised controlled trial results confirmed an overall negligible benefit ofn-3 LCPUFA supplementation for depressed mood.
Redirective labels and early vocabulary development
Authors: SHIMPI PRIYA MARIANA , HUTTENLOCHER JANELLEN 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTParents' object labels can be distinguished by whether the child is already attending to the object (follow-in) or not (lead-in). Lead-in labels have been found to be associated with low vocabulary. The current study examines whether the relation between lead-in labels and child vocabulary is influenced by whether the child's attention is redirected. Eighteen mother–infant dyads were videotaped at 1 ; 2, 1 ; 6 and 1 ; 10. Results indicate that parents' use of successful lead-in labels is positively correlated with children's vocabulary, whereas use of unsuccessful labels is negatively correlated. Finally, use of gesture is associated with the redirective success of lead-in labels.
Pronouns and verbs in adult speech to children: A corpus analysis
Authors: LAAKSO AARRE , SMITH LINDA B. 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTAssessing whether domain-general mechanisms could account for language acquisition requires determining whether statistical regularities among surface cues in child directed speech (CDS) are sufficient for inducing deep syntactic and semantic structure. This paper reports a case study on the relation between pronoun usage in CDS, on the one hand, and broad verb classes, on the other. A corpus analysis reveals statistical regularities in co-occurrences between pronouns and verbs in CDS that could cue physical versus psychological verbs. A simulation demonstrates that a simple statistical learner can acquire these regularities and exploit them to activate verbs that are consistent with incomplete utterances in simple syntactic frames. Thus, in this case, surface regularitiesaresufficiently informative for inducing broad semantic categories. Childrenmightuse these regularities in pronoun/verb co-occurrences to help learn verbs, although whether theyactuallydo so remains a topic of ongoing research.
Polysyllabic units in the vocalizations of children from 0 ; 6 to 1 ; 11: Intonation-groups, tones and rhythms
Authors: SNOW DAVID 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTPrevious studies have suggested that intonation development in infants and toddlers reflects an interaction between physiological and linguistic influences. The immediate background research for this study, however, was based on vocalizations that were only one syllable in length. By extending the analysis to polysyllabic utterances, the present study evaluated a broader range of physiological constraints on intonation production than the maximally simple context of monosyllabic utterances had permitted. The width and direction of pitch change across one- and two-syllable nuclear tones were acoustically analyzed in utterances produced by 60 children between the ages of 0 ; 6 and 1 ; 11. The results showed that the children controlled the characteristic intonation pattern of English monosyllables by the age of 1 ; 6–1 ; 8. However, even the youngest groups of children produced relatively robust and adult-like intonation contours when the tone-bearing string was polysyllabic, suggesting that the trochaic or dactylic foot is the natural ‘unmarked’ unit of tone production. The asymmetrical results for one- versus two-syllable tones support the conclusion that width of pitch change largely reflects physiological universals in children's earliest vocalizations and language-specific learning after the age of 1 ; 6. Implications of the findings are also discussed in relation to the Trochaic Template Hypothesis. It is concluded that a bias for trochaic rhythms that some children demonstrate could be based, in part, on the child's sensitivity to physiological constraints on the velocity and range of intonational pitch change.
Nouns and verbs in the vocabulary acquisition of Italian children
Authors: D'ODORICO LAURA , FASOLO MIRCO 
Published: October 2007

ABSTRACTThe vocabulary development of 24 Italian children aged between 1 ; 4 and 1 ; 6 at the beginning of the study was longitudinally monitored on a monthly basis using the Italian version of the MacArthur Communicative Development Inventory drawn up by their mothers. This study analyzes data from children for whom two sampling stages were available; the first corresponding to a vocabulary size as close as possible to 200 words (mean 217, range 167–281), the second to a vocabulary size ranging from 400 to 650 words (mean 518, range 416–648). The children's vocabulary composition was analyzed by calculating, for each sampling stage, the percentage of common nouns, verbs and closed-class words. The increase in percentage points of the various lexical items between the first and second sampling stages was also analyzed. Data confirmed the predominance of nouns over verbs and closed-class words at both sampling stages, while verbs and closed-class words showed a higher percentage increase than nouns. The results provide evidence that children who reached the first sampling point at an earlier age had a higher percentage of nouns than children who reached the same stage at an older age. However, in the passage from the first to the second sampling point no relationship emerged between a style of acquisition based on the acquisition of nouns and an increase in the rate of vocabulary growth.
Explicit Noether–Lefschetz for arbitrary threefolds
Authors: LOPEZ ANGELO FELICE , MACLEAN CATRIONA 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe study the Noether–Lefschetz locus of a very ample line bundle L on an arbitrary smooth threefold Y. Building on results of Green, Voisin and Otwinowska, we give explicit bounds, depending only on the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity properties of L, on the codimension of the components of the Noether–Lefschetz locus of |L|.
On quaternionic functional analysis
Authors: NG CHI-KEUNG 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we will show that the category of quaternion vector spaces, the category of (both one-sided and two sided) quaternion Hilbert spaces and the category of quaternion B*-algebras are equivalent to the category of real vector spaces, the category of real Hilbert spaces and the category of real C*-algebras respectively. We will also give a Riesz representation theorem for quaternion Hilbert spaces and will extend the main results in [12] (namely, we will give the full versions of the Gelfand–Naimark theorem and the Gelfand theorem for quaternion B*-algebras). On our way to these results, we compare, clarify and unify the term ‘quaternion Hilbert spaces’ in the literatures.
The uniform Kadec–Klee property for Orlicz–Lorentz spaces
Authors: KAMIŃSKA A. , LENNARD CHRIS , MASTYŁO MIECZYSŁAW , MIKULSKA SYLWIA 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe give sufficient conditions, as well as some necessary conditions, for the Orlicz–Lorentz space Λϕ,ω to have the weak-star uniform Kadec–Klee property. These results generalize the characterization of the weak-star uniform Kadec–Klee property in the Lorentz space Λω = Lω,1 due to Dilworth and Hsu.
Schwarzian derivative criteria for valence of analytic and harmonic mappings
Authors: CHUAQUI MARTIN , DUREN PETER , OSGOOD BRAD 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFor analytic functions in the unit disk, general bounds on the Schwarzian derivative in terms of Nehari functions are shown to imply uniform local univalence and in some cases finite and bounded valence. Similar results are obtained for the Weierstrass–Enneper lifts of planar harmonic mappings to their associated minimal surfaces. Finally, certain classes of harmonic mappings are shown to have finite Schwarzian norm.
Validity of carbohydrate, glycaemic index and glycaemic load data obtained using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire
Authors: Barclay Alan Winston , Flood Victoria Mary , Brand-Miller Jennie Cecile , Mitchell Paul 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the ability of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to rank Australians according to their intake of total carbohydrate, sugar, starch, fibre, glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL).DesignCross-sectional sample from a population cohort.SettingTwo postcode areas west of Sydney, Australia.SubjectsFrom 1992 to 1994, a total of 2868 older Australians provided dietary data using a 145-item Willett-derived FFQ. A representative sub-sample of 78 subjects completed three 4-day weighed food records (WFRs). Pearson and Spearman correlations, Bland–Altman plots and weighted kappa values were calculated.ResultsCompared with the WFR, the FFQ provided higher mean estimates of all nutrients except starch and GI. All Pearson and/or Spearman correlations were greater than 0.5, except for GL. For GI, sugar, starch and fibre, the regression lines from the Bland–Altman analysis indicated a non-significant linear trend (P= 0.07,P= 0.36,P= 0.28 andP= 0.10, respectively). For GL and total carbohydrate, however, there was a significant linear trend (P= 0.006 andP< 0.0001, respectively), indicating that as the GL and carbohydrate intake of individuals increased, so did the magnitude of the error between the FFQ and WFR. Weighted kappa values all indicated moderate to good agreement, with the exception of GL which was only fair. The proportions of subjects correctly classified within one quintile for all of the nutrients were over 50% and gross misclassification was low (<10%).ConclusionThis FFQ was able to rank individuals according to their intakes of total carbohydrate, sugar, starch, fibre and GI, but not as well for GL.
Colonisation, the New World Order, and the eradication of traditional food habits in East Africa: historical perspective on the nutrition transition
Authors: Raschke Verena , Cheema Bobby 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo discuss factors which have underpinned the nutrition transition in the countries of East Africa, including Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania, from early colonisation to the current, oppressive political–economic structure.ResultsColonisation and neocolonisation in accordance with the desires of the New World Order have ensured the systematic extirpation of indigenous and traditional food habits in East Africa. These indigenous and traditional food habits, associated with myriad health benefits, have been progressively replaced by the globalised food system of the multinational corporations, a system inherently associated with the creation of non-communicable disease (NCD) epidemics throughout this region and globally. While the simplification of the East African food culture may be most apparent today, the nutrition transition has actually occurred over the past 400 years, since the onset of colonial occupation.ConclusionsIt is imperative that greater efforts be directed towards exposing the colonial and neocolonial forces which have undermined food security and health status in East Africa. Heightened awareness of these forces is essential for proposing genuine solutions to the nutrition transition and related NCD epidemics throughout this region and, indeed, worldwide.
A Simple, Rapid Method for Extracting Large Plasmid DNA from Bacteria
Authors: Heringa Spencer , Monroe Jonathan , Herrick James 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe are studying the lateral transfer of transmissible antibiotic resistance plasmids among stream bacteria impacted by fecal runoff from poultry and cattle. Such plasmids are typically large (ca. 40 – 100 kb) and occur in low copy numbers in the cell and have therefore typically been difficult to isolate and therefore to study. Traditional protocols, based upon variations of the standard alkaline-lysis method, are long (ca. 1 1/2 to 2 days) and difficult. Commercial kits designed for the isolation of Baterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) can be used and are an improvement; however, these are expensive and still require hours of sustained effort. We have adapted a method published by Rondon et al. (1999), originally designed for the isolation of BAC DNA, for the rapid isolation of large plasmid DNA. In this method, lysis and alkaline denaturation steps are combined, incubation steps are vastly reduced, proteins are removed via a simple ammonium acetate/chloroform step, and the DNA precipitated using a plyethylene glycol/NaCl step. No ethanol precipitation is required. If additional purification is required, extracted DNA can be further processed through a Qiagen Plasmid Mini or Midi column (Qiagen Inc., Valencia CA). The method is rapid (under 1 hour), easy, very inexpensive and has been reliably used by undergraduate students to isolate large (up to 200 kb) native plasmids from a variety of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative genera including Shigella, Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas, Bacills, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, and Enterococcus, as well as BACs from E. coli. The protocol is simple and reliable enough to be used for the rapid large-scale visualization of native plasmids and we have used it to visualize and isolate DNA from hundreds of multidrug resistance plasmids exogenously captured from stream sediments, soils, and beach sands.
Stellar Models and Yields of Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars
Authors: Karakas Amanda , Lattanzio John C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe present stellar yields calculated from detailed models of low and intermediate-mass asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars. We evolve models with a range of mass from 1 to 6 M⊙, and initial metallicities from solar to 1/200th of the solar metallicity. Each model was evolved from the zero age main sequence to near the end of the thermally pulsing (TP) AGB phase, and through all intermediate phases including the core He-flash for stars initially less massive than 2.5 M⊙. For each mass and metallicity, we provide tables containing structural details of the stellar models during the TP-AGB phase, and tables of the stellar yields for 74 species from hydrogen through to sulfur, and for a small number of iron-group nuclei. All tables are available for download. Our results have many applications including use in population synthesis studies and the chemical evolution of galaxies and stellar systems, and for comparison to the composition of AGB and post-AGB stars and planetary nebulae.
SPLASH: An Interactive Visualisation Tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics Simulations
Authors: Price Daniel J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents SPLASH, a publicly available interactive visualisation tool for Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) simulations. Visualisation of SPH data is more complicated than for grid-based codes because the data are defined on a set of irregular points and therefore requires a mapping procedure to a two dimensional pixel array. This means that, in practise, many authors simply produce particle plots which offer a rather crude representation of the simulation output. Here we describe the techniques and algorithms which are utilised in SPLASH in order to provide the user with a fast, interactive and meaningful visualisation of one, two and three dimensional SPH results.
On the hierarchical classification of G protein-coupled receptors
Authors: Davies Matthew N. , Secker Andrew , Freitas Alex A. , Mendao Miguel , Timmis Jon , Flower Darren R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMotivation: G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play an important role in many physiological systems by transducing an extracellular signal into an intracellular response. Over 50% of all marketed drugs are targeted towards a GPCR. There is considerable interest in developing an algorithm that could effectively predict the function of a GPCR from its primary sequence. Such an algorithm is useful not only in identifying novel GPCR sequences but in characterizing the interrelationships between known GPCRs.Results: An alignment-free approach to GPCR classification has been developed using techniques drawn from data mining and proteochemometrics. A dataset of over 8000 sequences was constructed to train the algorithm. This represents one of the largest GPCR datasets currently available. A predictive algorithm was developed based upon the simplest reasonable numerical representation of the protein's physicochemical properties. A selective top-down approach was developed, which used a hierarchical classifier to assign sequences to subdivisions within the GPCR hierarchy. The predictive performance of the algorithm was assessed against several standard data mining classifiers and further validated against Support Vector Machine-based GPCR prediction servers. The selective top-down approach achieves significantly higher accuracy than standard data mining methods in almost all cases.Contact: m.davies@mail.cryst.bbk.ac.uk
NAPROC-13: a database for the dereplication of natural product mixtures in bioassay-guided protocols
Authors: López-Pérez José Luis , Therón Roberto , del Olmo Esther , Díaz David 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMotivation: Although natural products represent a reservoir of molecular diversity, the process of isolating and identifying active compounds is a bottleneck in drug discovery programs. The rapid isolation and identification of the bioactive component(s) of natural product mixtures during the bioassay-guided fractionation have become crucial factors in the competition with chemical compound libraries and combinatorial synthetic efforts. In this respect, the use of spectral databases in identification processes is indispensable.Results: We have developed a database containing 13C spectral information of over 6000 natural compounds, which allows for fast identifications of known compounds present in the crude extracts and provides insight into the structural elucidation of unknown compounds.Availability: http://c13.usal.esContact: theron@usal.es
Molecular phylogenetics of tribe Synandreae, a North American lineage of lamioid mints (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Scheen Anne‐Cathrine , Lindqvist Charlotte , Fossdal Carl G. , Albert Victor A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe five mint genera Brazoria, Macbridea, Physostegia, Synandra and Warnockia (Lamioideae: Lamiaceae) are all North American endemics. Together with the monotypic European genus Melittis and the Asian genus Chelonopsis, these taxa have been classified as subtribe Melittidinae. Previous morphological studies have failed to uncover synapomorphic characters for this group. We sequenced the plastid trnL‐trnF region and trnS‐trnG spacer and the nuclear ribosomal 5S non‐transcribed spacer (5S‐NTS) to assess phylogenetic relationships within Melittidinae. Standard parsimony and direct optimization (POY) analyses show Melittis, the type genus of the subtribe, as sister to Stachys. Thus, the monophyly of subtribe Melittidinae is not supported either by molecular or morphological data. However, the North American endemics form a monophyletic group that can be recognized as the recircumscribed tribe Synandreae. The molecular relationships among these genera are corroborated by both morphological and cytological data. The expected close relationship between the south‐central endemics Warnockia and Brazoria and their sister relationship to the widespread genus Physostegia is confirmed. Nevertheless, most of the North American endemics are restricted to the south‐east of the continent. Dispersal westwards and northwards is correlated with an increase in chromosome numbers. No specific Eurasian origin (i.e., transatlantic or transpacific) can be determined, but Synandreae are clearly distinct from the large Stachys clade, and therefore represent a separate migration into North America.© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.