bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Criminal Insane in Ceylon
Authors: Plaxton J. W. 
Published: August 2008

“He that is strongly of any opinion must suppose (unless he be self-condemned) that his persuasion is built on good grounds, and that his assent is no greater than what the evidence of the truth he holds forces him to, and that they are arguments and not inclination or fancy that make him so positive in his tenets. Now, if after all his profession he cannot bear any opposition to his opinion, if he cannot so much as give a patient hearing, much less examine and weigh the arguments on the other side, does he not plainly confess it is prejudice governs him?”John Locke
The Insanity of King Louis II. of Bavaria
Authors: Ireland William W. 
Published: August 2008

The striking events surrounding the end of King Louis of Bavaria attracted the attention of the whole civilized world. Much has already been published on the subject in the newspapers; but as the “Journal of Mental Science” will go down to the future as a record of what took place in the department of insanity, it has been thought proper that this great historical tragedy should be reviewed in our pages. It is likely that State considerations will prevent any of the physicians who took part in the proceedings from publishing what came to their knowledge. Our principal sources of information have been three German pamphlets,∗ the extra edition of the “Berliner-Börsen Zeitung,” of 15th June, 1886, and a collection of cuttings from English and American newspapers. A study worthy of the attention of psychologists is afforded, apart from the interest derived from the rank of the unfortunate prince and the pathetic character of the event which brought his life to a close. We see the evolution of an hereditary disposition to insanity helped instead of hindered by external circumstances. The family of Wittelsbach was one of the oldest amongst the ruling princes of Europe. The Duke of Bavaria, a prominent figure in the Thirty-Years' War, became an electoral prince of the German Empire in 1623. When Gustavus of Sweden entered Munich in 1632, he much approved of the taste displayed in the apartments of the palace of the fugitive Elector, and asked “Who was the architect?” “He is no other,” answered the attendant, “than the Elector himself.” “I should like to have him,” said the King, “to send him to Stockholm.” Thus a taste for decorative architecture seemed to have appeared at this early date in this princely family. Maximilian Joseph I. was made king by Napoleon after the battle of Austerlitz, at the same time receiving the Tyrol as the reward of his alliance. In this prince the family taste for art showed itself in many ways. He acquired the Aeginetanmarbles, the Dürer and the Düsseldorf gallery. His son, Louis I., spent millions of money in adorning Munich with splendid buildings in the Greek and Italian styles, and was the patron of Cornelius and the elder Kaulbach. The weaknesses of a virtuoso, and the scandals and imprudences into which he was led by his mistress, Lola Montes, brought about his deposition in the stormy year 1848. He was succeeded by his son, Maximilian II., whose rule was unpopular, owing to his reactionary tendencies. Maximilian's brother became King of Greece, till his subjects got rid of him without much ceremony or difficulty in 1862, when he returned to Bavaria.
A Case of Porencephaly
Authors: Norman Conolly , Fraser Alec 
Published: August 2008

A. Clinical, by Dr. Conolly Norman.N. P. was admitted to the Dublin District Asylum in February, 1886. Nothing was known of his antecedents, nor was there any history whatever save that he had been guilty of an unnatural offence, had been committed to prison, and had been found to be insane. He would or could give no information about himself.
On Recent Proposals Regarding Habitual Drunkards and other Offenders
Authors: Renton A. Wood , Yellowlees D. 
Published: August 2008

Mr. Wood Renton.Viewed from the Legal Standpoint.Within the last two years no less than three Parliamentary Reports, dealing with the problems presented by the familiar phenomena of inebriety and recidivism, have been published,∗ and a measure † designed, and, to a large extent, calculated to carry the main recommendations embodied in these documents into effect, has been read a second time in the House of Lords, under the pilotage of the then head of English legal administration. These facts show that public opinion has at length been thoroughly aroused as to the necessity for fresh legislation on the subject of habitual drunkenness and crime, and render any preliminary historical sketch of the growth of the movement, which is apparently at last on the eve of attaining its objects, superfluous. If there is any member of the medical or legal profession who is still in ignorance of the process by which the problems in question have been brought to the stage of perfect ripeness for legislative solution, he may be referred with confidence to an admirable summary of the Parliamentary history of legislation affecting inebriates by Mr. Legge, the Secretary to the Inebriates Committee, 1891, which forms the 6th appendix to the minutes of evidence taken by that body, and is reproduced, with some additions and alterations, as Appendix M in the evidence taken by the Scottish Committee of 1894, and to the three Parliamentary Reports which have suggested the present review (see note, sup.).
Presidential Address delivered at the Fifty-fifth Annual Meeting of the Medico-Psychological Association, held in London, 23rd and 24th July, 1896
Authors: Mickle W. Julius 
Published: August 2008

MENTAL BESETMENTS.Mental besetments or obsessions will be considered in their general aspects, position, and relations. It is not intended to make elaborate clinical description of their various forms. To systemise, and to make the scope of what follows clear at a glance, the subject will be divided under several heads:—1. A slight outline of besetments of mind or obsessions will be drawn.2. Their psychological and clinical position will be briefly examined in the division of them by the writer.3. Next their general characters will be noticed, and4. Fourthly, the necessity of extricating them, by differential distinction, from conditions with which they have been confounded.5. Together we take (a) their gradual development in some cases into special mental disturbance, and even into actual insanity; and (b) their desperately dangerous and injurious type in some examples, and the graded scale between these and the trivial.6. Their relation to phenomena in primitive man, and in savages, and to conditions in ordinary forms of paranoia.7. Their nosological position, alliances, and congeners.8. Cases illustrating several of the foregoing departments of the study of besetment.9. The clinical aspects of obsessions in their several degrees. and instead of giving a long clinical account of the many forms of obsession I will end by reproducing a description—written, apparently, in the mental life-blood of the sufferer, a master of English—the earliest full description, and the best one that has yet appeared of certain forms of obsession.
Winner of the Bronze Medal
Authors: Turner John 
Published: August 2008

THE CERTIFICATE IN NURSING.The next examination for the Certificate of Proficiency in Nursing will be held on Monday, the 2nd day of November, 1896, and candidates are earnestly requested to send in their schedules, duly filled up, to the Registrar of the Association, not later than Monday, the 5th day of October, 1896, as that will be the last day upon which, under the rules, applications for examination can be received. For further particulars respecting the various examinations of the Association apply to the Registrar, Dr. Spence, Burntwood Asylum, near Lichfield.
The Pathology of Four Cases of Epileptic Idiocy
Authors: Baird Harvey 
Published: August 2008

The following cases of gross cerebral lesion occurred in epileptic idiots:CASE 1.—S. J— was admitted to Leavesden Asylum in December, 1897, ret. 17. He was then noted to be a confirmed epileptic idiot. He died in March, 1904, of ulcerative colitis. During his residence there he had frequent severe fits.
A Case of Homicidal Mania, without Disorder of the Intellect
Authors: Robertson C. Lockhart , Finch W. Corbin 
Published: August 2008

I. History of the Case. G. T., No. 279, age 30, was admitted into the Sussex Lunatic Asylum under an order from the Secretary of State, on the 14th November, 1859.He was transferred (as belonging to the parish of Brighton) from the Kent County Asylum. I received the following letter respecting him, from Dr. Huxley, the Medical Superintendent of that asylum. It very clearly and accurately relates the previous history of the case.
The Rôle of Hypnotics in Mental Diseases, with Indications for their Selection and Employment
Authors: Eager Richard 
Published: August 2008

Sleep, gentle sleep, Nature's soft nurse, how have I frightened thee That thou no more wilt weigh my eyelids down and steep my senses in forgetfulness?I feel I should preface my paper on “The Rôle of Hypnotics in Mental Diseases” by the statement that you will merely find in it a collection and corroboration of well-known facts. These facts, however, have been brought together in a form in which I have not been able to find them elsewhere, viz., such as will aid in pointing out the indications for the employment of the different hypnotics, and the types of mental disease in which certain of the drugs appear to be especially useful.
A Case of Homicidal Mania, with Auditory Hallucinations
Authors: Robertson C. Lockhart 
Published: August 2008

History of the case.—G. C—, No. —, æt. 41, single, a Scotchman, was admitted into the Hayward's Heath Asylum on the 31st October, 1860.In 1856, this patient was committed for seven days to Maidstone Gaol for some breach of the peace while under the influence of drink, and he then stabbed a fellow-prisoner (who subsequently died of the wound), whom he had never seen before, and who had in no way provoked or offended him. His own account of the transaction is that, on the second or third day after his committal, he was coming out of the chaplain's room, and being left alone in the corridor, a sudden idea took possession of his mind that he was in a place where men were cut up for preserved meat for the navy, and that seeing a carpenter's chisel lying on the ground (some repairs were in progress), he took it up, and blindly attacked the first prisoner he met.
Routine Treatment of Epilepsy
Authors: Steel John P. 
Published: August 2008

In this hospital we have a routine differential diagnosis which is applied in all cases of suspected epilepsy and which is as follows:
(a)High blood-pressure.(b)Trauma of vessels and angiospasm.(c)Nephritis, subacute and chronic.(d)Diabetes.(e)Tabes dorsalis, tabo-paresis, neuro-syphilis and general paralysis.(f)Hysteria.(g)Epilepsy.
A Method of Continuous Colon Irrigation
Authors: Graves T. C. , Turner D. E. 
Published: August 2008

Many requests have been received for information concerning the table, and also as to the method for continuous colon irrigation used at this hospital. In the hope that such information may be of general service the following communication is made:In 1927 Dr. Henry A. Cotton kindly supplied us with a photograph of the table for this purpose which he had installed at the New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton.
Cardiac Complications in Cardiazol Treatment; Observations in Four Cases
Authors: Dick A. , McAdam W. 
Published: August 2008

The occurrence of auricular fibrillation in three patients; notes regarding onset, nature and duration of manifestations.Electro-cardiographic diagnosis, interpretation of and comparison with organic fibrillation.The onset of heart-block immediately following a convulsion in another patient. Discussion of subsequent course and treatment.Comment on the significance of these complications in relation to the safety of convulsive therapies.Observations on blood-pressure in some of the above cases.
Resultant and Purposive in Psychiatry
Authors: Crichton-Miller H. 
Published: August 2008

Ladies and Gentlemen,—I have to acknowledge with grateful appreciation the honour you have done me in electing me to the Presidency of this Section.I recall that my immediate predecessor, in his learned address from this chair, deplored the slow progress of psychiatry in the last half century. He stressed the necessity for intensive research in many directions. As I listened to him I felt that there was one supreme need in psychiatry, and that need was the co-ordination of biological and psychological views. As it seems to me, we have an increasing volume of research proceeding on these two lines, yet the lines never seem to meet. The psychologists pour out an incessant stream of literature, equalled only by the joint efforts of histologists, biochemists, neurologists and the rest. But what psychopathologist would bring himself to refer to Alzheimer cells, or what biochemist could make mention of an Œdipus complex? Yet in some of our patients—perhaps in most, if not in' all—such factors co-exist. I venture to express the hope that during this session our discussions may elaborate the leitmotif of synergic ietiology.
“Watchman, What of the Night?”
Authors: Boyle A. Helen A. 
Published: August 2008

I chose the title “Watchman, What of the Night?” because I hope to show that “the night is departing, the day is approaching”.When I was thinking, with considerable anxiety, how I should start this address to you I was at the same time listening to the anthem by Brahms: “Blesseadre they that mourn”. Surely this omen was a good omen. How ever I may mourn to fall short of the high standard you are accustomed to, you will I trust bless and comfort me by your kind-hearted and friendly reception of my effort.
“Stationary” General Paralysis of the Insane. A Report on a Case of Thirty-One Years' Duration
Authors: Galbraith A. J. 
Published: August 2008

Mr. W. T. O—, aged 48. Admitted to Han well (now St. Bernard's) Hospital on 15. iv. 1904.The patient was admitted from Wormwood Scrubs prison, and there is no available information regarding his condition before his admission to hospital. At this time it was stated that he was confused and unable to give any accurate information about himself. He was garrulous and his conversation was largely incoherent. There are no details of his physical condition on admission. In 1908 he is described as being elated and garrulous. He expressed many delusions of grandeur, stating, for instance, that he was owed large sums of money and possessed his own private carriages, etc. He was rather childish and his memory was impaired. His physical condition was stated to be “much improved “and he was able to be up and about. Even so he showed definite and obvious physical signs of general paralysis (unequal pupils, reacting only sluggishly to light, tremor of lips, etc.).
An Attempt to Induce Patients Suffering from Catatonia to Active and Voluntary Movements
Authors: Bierer J. 
Published: August 2008

The management and treatment of patients suffering from catatonia are constantly presenting a problem for mental hospital staffs, particularly in modern times, when more emphasis is laid on treatment than on custodial care.The problem of making people suffering from catatonia into useful members of the hospital community seemed, from the very beginning, to be bound to fail, as long as the difficulty of inducing them to active and voluntary movements was not overcome.
Elimination of hop latent viroid upon developmental activation of pollen nucleases
Authors: Matoušek Jaroslav , Orctová Lidmila , Škopek Josef , Pešina Karel , Steger Gerhard 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
Hop latent viroid (HLVd) is not transmissible through hop generative tissues and seeds. Here we describe the process of HLVd elimination during development of hop pollen. HLVd propagates in uninucleate hop pollen, but is eliminated at stages following first pollen mitosis during pollen vacuolization and maturation. Only traces of HLVd were detected by RT-PCR in mature pollen after anthesis and no viroid was detectable in in vitro germinating pollen, suggesting complete degradation of circular and linear HLVd forms. The majority of the degraded HLVd RNA in immature pollen included discrete products in the range of 230–100 nucleotides and therefore did not correspond to siRNAs. HLVd eradication from pollen correlated with developmental expression of a pollen nuclease and specific RNAses. Activity of the pollen nuclease HBN1 was maximal during the vacuolization step and decreased in mature pollen. Total RNAse activity increased continuously up to the final steps of pollen maturation. HBN1 mRNA, which is abundant at the uninucleate microspore stage, encodes a protein of 300 amino acids (34.1 kDa, isoeletric point 5.1). Sequence comparisons revealed that HBN1 is a homolog of S1-like bifunctional plant endonucleases. The developmentally activated HBN1 and pollen ribonucleases could participate in the mechanism of HLVd recognition and degradation.
Reconstitution of human azurocidin catalytic triad and proteolytic activity by site-directed mutagenesis
Authors: Olczak Mariusz , Indyk Katarzyna , Olczak Teresa 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAzurocidin belongs to the serprocidin family, but it is devoid of proteolytic activity due to a substitution of His and Ser residues in the catalytic triad. The aim of this study was to reconstitute the active site of azurocidin by site-directed mutagenesis, analyze its processing and restored proteolytic activity. Azurocidin expressed inSf9 insect cells possessing the reconstituted His41-Asp89-Ser175 triad exhibited significant proteolytic activity toward casein with a pH optimum of approximately 8–9, but a reconstitution of only one active site amino acid did not result in proteolytically active protein. Enzymatically active recombinant azurocidin caused cleavage of the C-terminal fusion tag with the primary cleavage site after lysine at Lys-Leu and after alanine at Ala-Ala, and the secondary cleavage site after arginine at Arg-Gln, as well as with low efficiency caused cleavage of insulin chain B after leucine at Leu-Tyr and Leu-Cys, and after alanine at Ala-Leu. We demonstrate that cleavage of the azurocidin C-terminal tripeptide is not necessary for its enzymatic activity. The first isoleucine present in mature azurocidin can be replaced by similar amino acids, such as leucine or valine, but its substitution by histidine or arginine decreases proteolytic activity.
The WNT receptor FZD7 contributes to self-renewal signaling of human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Melchior Kai , Weiß Jonathan , Zaehres Holm , Kim Yong-mi , Lutzko Carolyn , Roosta Neda , Hescheler Jürgen , Müschen Markus 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
A number of recent studies identified nuclear factors that together have the unique ability to induce pluripotency in differentiated cell types. However, little is known about the factors that are needed to maintain human embryonic stem (ES) cells in an undifferentiated state. In a search for such requirements, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis of publicly available SAGE and microarray data. The rationale for this analysis was to identify genes that are exclusively expressed in human ES cell lines compared to 30 differentiated tissue types. The WNT receptor FZD7 was found among the genes with an ES cell-specific expression profile in both SAGE and microarray analyses. Subsequent validation by quantitative RT-PCR and flow cytometry confirmed that FZD7 mRNA levels in human ES cells are up to 200-fold higher compared to differentiated cell types. ShRNA-mediated knockdown of FZD7 in human ES cells induced dramatic changes in the morphology of ES cell colonies, perturbation of expression levels of germ layer-specific marker genes, and a rapid loss of expression of the ES cell-specific transcription factor OCT4. These findings identify the WNT receptor FZD7 as a novel ES cell-specific surface antigen with a likely important role in the maintenance of ES cell self-renewal capacity.
Oxidative Stress Regulates Adipocyte Apolipoprotein E and Suppresses Its Expression in Obesity
Authors: Espiritu Doris Joy , Mazzone Theodore 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE—Endogenous expression of apolipoprotein E (apoE) has a significant impact on adipocyte lipid metabolism and is markedly suppressed in obesity. Adipose tissue oxidant stress is emerging as an important mediator of adipocyte dysfunction. These studies were undertaken to evaluate the role of oxidant stress for regulation of adipocyte apoE.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—ApoE gene and protein expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes or mature adipocytes and adipose tissue from C57/BL6 mice was evaluated after induction of oxidant stress. The response of adipose tissue and adipocytes from obese compared with lean mice to antioxidants was also assessed.
RESULTS—Oxidant stress in 3T3-L1 cells or adipocytes and adipose tissue from lean mice significantly reduced apoE mRNA and protein level. Inclusion of an antioxidant eliminated this reduction. Oxidant stress was accompanied by activation of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription complex, and its effect on apoE was eliminated by an NF-κB activation inhibitor. Treatment of freshly isolated adipose tissue or mature adipocytes from obese mice with antioxidant increased apoE expression but had no effect on cells or tissue from lean mice. Incubation of freshly isolated adipocytes from lean mice with stromovascular cells from obese mice significantly suppressed adipocyte apoE compared with incubation with stromovascular cells from lean mice, but this suppression was reversed by inclusion of antioxidant or a neutralizing antibody to tumor necrosis factor-α.
CONCLUSIONS—Oxidant stress significantly modulates adipose tissue and adipocyte apoE expression. Furthermore, oxidant stress contributes to suppression of adipocyte apoE in obesity. This suppression depends on interaction between adipose tissue stromovascular cells and adipocytes.
Financial and Clinical Impact of Team-Based Treatment for Medicaid Enrollees With Diabetes in a Federally Qualified Health Center
Authors: Scanlon Dennis P. , Hollenbeak Christopher S. , Beich Jeff , Dyer Anne-Marie , Gabbay Robert A. , Milstein Arnold 
Published: August 2008

OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this study was to determine whether multidisciplinary team-based care guided by the chronic care model can reduce medical payments and improve quality for Medicaid enrollees with diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study was a difference-in-differences analysis comparing Medicaid patients with diabetes who received team-based care versus those who did not. Team-based care was provided to patients treated at CareSouth, a multisite rural federally qualified community health center located in South Carolina. Control patients were matched to team care patients using propensity score techniques. Financial outcomes compared Medicaid (and Medicare for dually eligible patients) payments 1 year before and after intervention. Trends over time in levels of A1C, BMI, and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were analyzed for intervention patients during the postintervention period.
RESULTS—Although average claims payments increased for both the CareSouth patients and control patients, there were no statistically significant differences in total payments between the two groups. In the intervention group, patients with A1C &gt;9 at baseline experienced an average reduction of 0.75 mg/dl per year (95% CI 0.50–0.99), patients with BMI &gt;30 at baseline had an average reduction of 2.3 points per year (95% CI 0.99–3.58), and patients with SBP &gt;140 mmHg at baseline had an average reduction of 2.2 mmHg per year (95% CI 0.44–3.88).
CONCLUSIONS—Team-based care following the chronic care model has the potential to improve quality without increasing payments. Short-term savings were not evident and should not be assumed when designing programs.