bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of electrode surface roughness and its impact on ion trap mass analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Chappell William J. , Cooks R. Graham , Ouyang Zheng 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWith the recent trend towards mass spectrometer miniaturization, the fabrication of mass analyzers and other ion optical components is being performed at scales where critical dimensions range from several millimeters to several micrometers. Depending on the sizes of the objects and the nature of the fabrication method used, electrode surface roughness can become non‐negligible and affect the analytical performance of the mass analyzer. In this work, a method of characterizing surface roughness is introduced through the concept of spatial roughness frequency. The roughness of a given surface is quantitatively described using spatial roughness components at a series of frequencies and with characteristic intensities. Based on this concept, an analytical method has been developed to describe the electromagnetic field inside an electrode assembly including consideration for the electrode roughness. The methodology is applied in simplified form to cylindrical and rectilinear ion trap analyzers. Four types of surface finishes were applied to ion trap electrodes of various sizes to illustrate the surface roughness effects on the high‐order fields and to compare the analytical performance of the ion traps. Application of this method to arrays of large numbers of micro‐scale ion traps has enabled the impact of fabrication methodology to be evaluated in terms of mass resolution for the ion trap arrays. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Leukemia inhibitory factor promotes olfactory sensory neuronal survival via phosphoinositide 3‐kinase pathway activation and Bcl‐2
Authors: Moon Cheil , Liu Bridget Q. , Kim So Yeun , Kim Esther J. , Park Yun Ju , Yoo Joo‐Yeon , Han Hyung Soo , Bae Yong Chul , Ronnett Gabriele V. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLeukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), a neuropoietic cytokine, has been implicated in the control of neuronal development. We previously reported that LIF plays a critical role in regulating the terminal differentiation of olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs). Here, we demonstrate that LIF plays a complementary role in supporting the survival of immature OSNs. Mature OSNs express LIF, which may be elaborated in a paracrine manner to influence adjacent neurons. LIF null mice display more apoptotic immature neurons than do their wild‐type littermates. LIF treatment of dissociated OSNs in vitro significantly reduces the apoptosis of immature OSNs. Double immunocytochemical analysis indicates that the survival of immature OSNs is dependent on the presence of LIF. LIF activates the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathways and induces the expression of the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl‐2 in OSNs, whereas inhibition of the PI3K pathway blocks LIF‐dependent OSN survival and Bcl‐2 induction. Thus, LIF plays a central role in maintaining the size and integrity of the population of immature neurons within the olfactory epithelium; this population is critical to the rapid recovery of olfactory function after injury. LIF may play a similar role elsewhere in the CNS and thus be important for manipulation of stem cell populations for therapeutic interventions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cortactin colocalizes with filopodial actin and accumulates at IgCAM adhesion sites in Aplysia growth cones
Authors: Decourt Boris , Munnamalai Vidhya , Lee Aih Cheun , Sanchez Lauren , Suter Daniel M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBoth IgCAMs and the actin cytoskeleton play critical roles in neuronal growth cone motility and guidance. However, it is unclear how IgCAM receptors transduce signals from the plasma membrane to induce actin remodeling. Previous studies have shown that local clustering and immobilization of apCAM, the Aplysia homolog of NCAM, induces Src kinase activity and F‐actin polymerization in the peripheral domain of cultured Aplysia bag cell growth cones. Therefore, we wanted to test whether the Src kinase substrate and actin regulator cortactin could be a molecular link between Src activity and actin assembly during apCAM‐mediated growth cone guidance. Here, we cloned Aplysia cortactin and showed that it is abundant in the nervous system. Immunostaining of growth cones revealed a strong colocalization of cortactin with F‐actin in filopodial bundles and at the leading edge of lamellipodia. Perturbation of the cytoskeleton indicated that cortactin distribution largely depends on actin filaments. Furthermore, active Src colocalized with cortactin in regions of actin assembly, including leading edge and filopodia tips. Finally, we observed that cortactin, like F‐actin, localizes to apCAM adhesion sites mediating growth cone guidance. Altogether, these data suggest that cortactin is a mediator of IgCAM‐triggered actin assembly involved in growth cone motility and guidance. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voltage‐operated Ca2+ and Na+ channels in the oligodendrocyte lineage
Authors: Paez P.M. , Fulton D. , Colwell C.S. , Campagnoni A.T. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIt is becoming increasingly clear that expression of Ca2+ and Na+ channels in the OL lineage is highly regulated and may be functionally related to different stages of development and myelination. Characterization of the mechanisms of voltage‐dependent Ca2+ and Na+ entry are important because changes in intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ are central to practically all cellular activities. In nonexcitable cells, voltage‐dependent Ca2+ influx plays a key role in several important processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, and cell migration. It has been demonstrated that Ca2+ signaling is essential in the development and functioning of OLs. For example, Ca2+ uptake is required for the initiation of myelination, and perturbation of Ca2+ homeostasis, e.g., overwhelming influxes of Ca2+, leads to demyelination. Although OL progenitor cell Na+ channels are present at a much lower density, their physiological properties appear to be indistinguishable from those recorded in neurons. Interestingly, recent data indicate that, as with neurons, some white matter OPCs possess the ability to generate Na+‐dependent action potentials. This Mini‐Review focuses on the mechanisms of Ca2+ and Na+ signaling in cells within the OL lineage mediated by voltage‐operated ion channels, with a particular focus on the relevance of these voltage‐dependent currents to oligodendroglial development, myelination, and demyelination. Overall, it is clear that cells in the OL lineage exhibit remarkable plasticity with regard to the expression of voltage‐gated Ca2+ and Na+ channels and that perturbation of Ca2+ and Na+ homeostasis likely plays an important role in the pathogenesis underlying demyelinating diseases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
2′,3′‐Cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase: A novel RNA‐binding protein that inhibits protein synthesis
Authors: Gravel Michel , Robert Francis , Kottis Vicky , Gallouzi Imed‐Eddine , Pelletier Jerry , Braun Peter E. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract2′,3′‐Cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNP) is one of the earliest myelin‐related proteins to be specifically expressed in differentiating oligodendrocytes (ODCs) in the central nervous system (CNS) and is implicated in myelin biogenesis. CNP possesses an in vitro enzymatic activity, whose in vivo relevance remains to be defined, because substrates with 2′,3,‐cyclic termini have not yet been identified. To characterize CNP function better, we previously determined the structure of the CNP catalytic domain by NMR. Interestingly, the structure is remarkably similar to the plant cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CPDase) from A. thaliana and the bacterial 2′‐5′ RNA ligase from T. thermophilus, which are known to play roles in RNA metabolism. Here we show that CNP is an RNA‐binding protein. Furthermore, by using precipitation analyses, we demonstrate that CNP associates with poly(A)+ mRNAs in vivo and suppresses translation in vitro in a dose‐dependent manner. With SELEX, we isolated RNA aptamers that can suppress the inhibitory effect of CNP on translation. We also demonstrate that CNP1 can bridge an association between tubulin and RNA. These results suggest that CNP1 may regulate expression of mRNAs in ODCs of the CNS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Traumatic brain injury alters expression of hippocampal microRNAs: Potential regulators of multiple pathophysiological processes
Authors: Redell John B. , Liu Yin , Dash Pramod K. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMultiple cellular, molecular, and biochemical changes contribute to outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are known to influence many important cellular processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, neurogenesis, angiogenesis, and morphogenesis, all processes that are involved in TBI pathophysiology. However, it has not yet been determined whether miRNA expression is altered after TBI. In the present study, we used a microarray platform to examine changes in the hippocampal expression levels of 444 verified rodent miRNAs at 3 and 24 hr after controlled cortical impact injury. Our analysis found 50 miRNAs exhibited decreased expression levels and 35 miRNAs exhibited increased expression levels in the hippocampus after injury. We extended the microarray findings using quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis for a subset of the miRNAs with altered expression levels (miR‐107, ‐130a, ‐223, ‐292‐5p, ‐433‐3p, ‐451, ‐541, and ‐711). Bioinformatic analysis of the predicted targets for this panel of miRNAs revealed an overrepresentation of proteins involved in several biological processes and functions known to be initiated after injury, including signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, proliferation, and differentiation. Our results indicate that multiple protein targets and biological processes involved in TBI pathophysiology may be regulated by miRNAs. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of natural antioxidants and their carry‐through property in biscuit processing
Authors: Nanditha Bheema Rao , Jena Bhabani Sankar , Prabhasankar Pichan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The present study has explored the use of natural antioxidants from plant sources such as hexane (G‐1) and chloroform (G‐2) extracts of Garcinia, Peltophorum ferrugineum flower extract (FE), turmeric powder (C‐1) and curcumin (C‐2), in biscuit preparation in the place of synthetic ones, and their carry‐through properties were evaluated during processing and storage. Microstructure and electrophoretic characterization of biscuit dough were carried out to understand the influence of these natural antioxidants in the processing of biscuits.RESULTS: Biscuits prepared with C‐1, C‐2, G‐1, and G‐2 were well acceptable, and FE biscuits were least acceptable. Among the antioxidants used, C‐2 was found to retain only 11.23% activity whereas G‐2 had retained 51% activity after baking, which was comparable to synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and better than tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ). Microstructure studies of biscuit dough indicated that in the case of G‐1, G‐2, C‐1 and BHA the gluten network formation was intact when compared to FE and TBHQ. Supportive electrophoresis studies indicated that there was no change in the wheat protein subunits of different samples except for FE biscuit dough.CONCLUSION: Based on the result of retention of antioxidant activity during baking and storage, hexane and chloroform extracts of Garcinia (G‐1, G‐2) and turmeric powder (C‐1) were found to be suitable for use in biscuits as natural antioxidants and results were comparable with BHA. The present study also indicated that protein subunits of biscuit dough were not affected by antioxidants. However, antioxidants influenced the protein–starch–lipid network during biscuit dough formation. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Peri‐operative mortality and long‐term survival after total pancreatectomy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma: A population‐based perspective
Authors: Nathan Hari , Wolfgang Christopher L. , Edil Barish H. , Choti Michael A. , Herman Joseph M. , Schulick Richard D. , Cameron John L. , Pawlik Timothy M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMany surgeons perceive total pancreatectomy (TP) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma to be associated with inferior outcomes compared to partial pancreatectomy (PP), such as pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and distal pancreatectomy (DP). We sought to analyze peri‐operative mortality and long‐term survival following TP versus PP for pancreatic adenocarcinoma.MethodsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was used to identify patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma (1998–2004). Survival after TP versus PP was compared by tumor location.ResultsOf 3280 patients with resected pancreatic head tumors, 292 underwent TP, and 2988 PD. One‐month mortality was 9.0% for TP and 6.5% for PD (P= 0.11). Of 315 patients with resected body/tail tumors, 32 underwent TP, and 283 DP. One‐month mortality was 9.3% for TP and 3.9% for DP (P= 0.17). Of 426 patients with resected tumors in unspecified pancreatic locations, 52 underwent TP, and 374 PP. One‐month mortality was 5.8% for TP and 6.5% for PP (P= 0.87). Survival analyses demonstrated no difference between TP and PP (hazard ratio (HR) 1.06,P= 0.49 for head; HR 0.84,P= 0.51 for body/tail; HR 1.06,P= 0.79 for unspecified locations).ConclusionsPeri‐operative mortality and long‐term survival are similar following TP versus PP for pancreatic adenocarcinoma, supporting the use of TP when oncologically appropriate. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99: 87–92. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The evolution of lymph node assessment in breast cancer
Authors: Quan May Lynn , McCready David 
Published: November 2008

AbstractLymph node evaluation remains integral in the management of breast cancer for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. The introduction of sentinel lymph node biopsy has revolutionized axillary surgery, presenting new challenges relating to clinical implications and quality which will be reviewed in this article. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:194–198. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of sample matrix on sensitivity of mercury and methylmercury quantitation in human urine, saliva, and serum using GC‐MS
Authors: Zachariadis George A. , Kapsimali Dimitra C. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA rapid and sensitive method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of monomethylmercury (MMHg) and inorganic mercury (iHg) in human body fluids. The procedure is based on in situ derivatization of MMHg and iHg with sodium tetraethylborate (NaBEt4) directly in aqueous solutions followed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME). The extracted species from spiked human urine, saliva, and serum are separated by capillary gas chromatography and detected by quadrupole MS (GC‐MS). The optimization of the HS‐SPME conditions like temperature, sample volume, extraction duration, and amount of alkylation agent, was performed in urinary solutions and aqueous solutions similarly buffered. The gas chromatographic conditions like injection temperature, helium flow rate, temperature program, and pressure conditions were also optimized. The recovery was ranged between 85 and 96% for MMHg and 88 and 98% for iHg. The LODs achieved were 10 and 15 ng/L for iHg and MMHg in urine, respectively, 54 and 60 ng/L for iHg and MMHg in saliva, respectively, and 61 and 81 ng/L for iHg and MMHg in serum, respectively. The RSD was ranged between 6.2 and 9.2% for MMHg and 5.0 and 8.2% for iHg.
Purity determination of yunaconitine reference standard using HPLC with experimental design and response surface optimization
Authors: Song Jing‐Zheng , Qiao Chun‐Feng , Li Song‐Lin , Han Quan‐Bin , Xu Hong‐Xi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExperimental design and response surface methodology have been used for the development of the stability‐indicating HPLC method for the purity determination of yunaconitine reference standard. Significant factors including the contents of ACN, perchloric acid, triethylamine (TEA), and column temperature were optimized using a Box–Behnken design. A mixture of crude yunaconitine extract and degradation solutions of yunaconitine under stress conditions was chromatogramed. The normalized peak area of total impurities, the retention time of yunaconitine, and the resolutions between yunaconitine and its adjacent peaks were selected as optimization criteria. Derringer desirability function of the multicriteria and the tested factors were used to establish 3‐D response surfaces. The optimal condition was achieved with a mobile phase of ACN/water (30:70, containing 0.125% perchloric acid and 1.0% TEA) at a column temperature of 37.5°C. The method was validated and shown comparable to that of phase solubility analysis. As a result, the newly developed method can be used to determine the chromatographic purity and stability of the yunaconitine reference standard.
Method and instruments for modeling integrated knowledge
Authors: Glassey Olivier 
Published: November 2008

AbstractMIMIK (Method and Instruments for Modeling Integrated Knowledge) is a set of tools used to formalize and represent knowledge within organizations. It furthermore supports knowledge creation and sharing within communities of interest or communities of practice. In this paper we show that MIMIK is based on a model theory approach and builds on other existing methods and techniques. We also explain how to use the method and its instruments in order to model strategic objectives, processes, knowledge, and roles found within an organization, as well as relations existing between these elements. Indeed MIMIK provides eight types of models in order to describe what is commonly called know‐how, know‐why and know‐what; it uses matrices in order to formally and semantically link strategic objectives, knowledge and actors. We close this paper with a presentation of a prototype we built in order to demonstrate a technical architecture allowing for knowledge creation, formalization and sharing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Beyond the learning frontier and the human capital development: New and old technological opportunities for the competence‐based enterprises
Authors: Capece Guendalina , Gitto Simone , Campisi Domenico 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWith both increasing functionality and affordability, e‐learning is being used extensively in organisations of all sizes. Despite this, surprisingly, little is known about current e‐business usage, whether disparities exist between the utilisation of e‐business by companies and universities, or about its impact on the general professional standing of the HR professionals. In order to help reduce this gap, we developed and administered a survey and gave structured interviews to assess and compare the specific areas of use and to introduce a taxonomy that provides a framework for further academic research, analysis and discussion in this area. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geographical difference in Parkinson's disease prevalence within West Scotland
Authors: Newman Edward J. , Grosset Katherine A. , Grosset Donald G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe wide range in reported prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) in the United Kingdom (between 108 and 164 per 100,000) is usually attributed to differences in study methodology. We report prevalence of PD in four geographic areas within West Scotland, which was calculated using the same methodology, from prescription database searches within primary care, combined with full case record review. Crude prevalence was 119.2 per 100,000 (95% CI 109.7–128.6) and age‐adjusted prevalence was 129.5 (95% CI 119.6–139.4) in 92 General Practices covering a population of 511,927. Prevalence was significantly lower in South Glasgow (men 98.3, CI 78.7–117.9; women 83.9, CI 65.6–102.2) than South Lanarkshire (men 202.7, CI 175.0–230.4; women 151.1, CI 127.7–174.5), age‐adjusted rates, both P < 0.001. Factors associated with higher prevalence of PD, such as lower cigarette smoking rates, higher education level, and rural living, were higher in South Lanarkshire than South Glasgow, but the magnitude of the difference was greater than expected considering studies describing relative risk for these factors. Access to services, and specialist clinic attendance were both higher for South Glasgow, which may influence diagnostic accuracy, time to diagnosis, and time to initiating antiparkinson therapy. Explorationof these factors is justified to explain further such wide variation in PD prevalence. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Advances in the pre‐operative planning of deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps: Magnetic resonance angiography
Authors: Rozen Warren M. , Stella Damien L. , Bowden James , Taylor G. Ian , Ashton Mark W. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractImaging of the abdominal wall vasculature prior to deep inferior epigastric artery (DIEA) perforator (DIEP) flaps has been shown to significantly improve surgical outcomes. Although computed tomography angiography (CTA) has been shown to be highly accurate, it is associated with radiation exposure, and as such modalities without radiation exposure have been sought. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) has been proposed as such an option. We conducted a pilot study comparing MRA with CTA and with operative findings in six consecutive patients undergoing DIEP flaps for breast reconstruction. The DIEA, superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) and perforators were all assessed with each modality. We found that the DIEA and SIEA were accurately imaged with both CTA and MRA, but that while MRA could identify some major perforators, CTA was more accurate than MRA for perforator mapping. As such, while MRA does have a role in the imaging of DIEA perforators, CTA is still the preferred modality. On the basis of these findings, a larger study into the role for MRA in this setting is warranted. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.
Compound flap from the great toe and vascularized joints from the second toe for posttraumatic thumb reconstruction at the level of the proximal metacarpal bone
Authors: Tsai Tsu‐Min , D'Agostino Laura , Fang You‐Sheng , Tien Huey 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe the harvesting technique, anatomic variations, and clinical applications of a compound flap from the great toe and vascularized joint from the second toe used for thumb reconstruction. Five fresh cadaver dissections were studied, focusing attention on the dorsal or plantar vascular dominance, position of the communicating branch between the dorsal and plantar system, the Gilbert classification, and the size of the first dorsal metatarsal artery (FDMA) and first plantar metatarsal artery (FPMA) to the great toe and second toe. Five compound flaps were performed on five patients with traumatic thumb amputation at the level of proximal metacarpal bone. The patients' ages ranged from 14 to 47. Follow‐up period was 11–24 months. The anatomic study showed that FPMA had larger caliber in 40% of dissections, FDMA in 40%, and had the same caliber in 20%. The Gilbert classification of FDMA was 40% class I and 60% class III. In the clinical applications, four patients achieved good functional opposition and motion of transferred joints with good pinch and grip strength. There was one flap failure, and donor‐site morbidity was minimal. The compound flap offers advantages over traditional toe transfer by providing two functional joints. It can be used for amputation of the thumb at carpometacarpal joint level. Finally, the compound flap maintains growth potential in children through transfer of vascularized epiphyses. The disadvantages of this compound flap include a technically challenging harvest and a longer operative time. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2009.