bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Zur Historisierung der Staatswissenschaften Von der Kameralistik zur historischen Schule der Nationalökonomie
Authors: Vom Bruch Rüdiger 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAt the beginning of the nineteenth century the mostly practically orientated and speculative patterns of economic theory of the eighteenth‐century cameralists result with interrupted (but on the whole remarkable) traditional bands in the German Historical School of National Economy, which prevailed most of the German universities after 1870. This school of thought developed, although in the Germany of the beginning nineteenth century the cameralist encyclopedias and the reception of traditional theories of economic liberalism declined. The school of National Economy proved to be determined by traditional professional impacts (training of government officials), regional differences and specific regional changes of the English model, by the historical attitude of National Economy in relation to the arts sciences ‐ this was however not a defined economic science concerning method and contents ‐, and by continuing the aims of a welfare state within late industrialized authoritarian governments.
Die Geschichtlichkeit des Rechts und die „geschichtliche Rechtswissenschaft”︁
Authors: Holzhauer Heinz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe historic dimension of right was never bigger than in the period of prescriptive right. But it has been doubted, that medieval German law was dominated by prescriptive right as classical scholars from J. Grimm to Fritz Kern had assumed. Nevertheless methodical anthropological reflexions seem to be sure that originally all right was prescriptive right. Its dominance does not exclude contracts, that means a cooperative kind of right, which must be considered original as a kind of ordered law, ordered by a paramount leader. The idea of right by custom everywhere presupposes the idea of a mythical or religious legislator, to whom the transmitted prescriptive right is ascribed.The dominance of prescriptive right with the early Germans has been proved by the absence of this idea before Christianization. The reception of Roman law by the medieval Germans was also promoted from Justinian as a “mythical” predecessor of the rulers of the Sacrum imperium Romanum. Like a Trojanic horse Roman law contained the rule “lex posterior derogat legi priori” which makes an end to presriptive right. Under the rule of ordered law the quality of right separated from its validity; the idea of natural right was born.In the 19th century Savigny, the founder of the Historische Rechtsschule, founded all right on custom, but regarded the romanistic jurisprudence as prescriptive right. In his famous controversy with Thibaut he rejected the project of a codification (1814) and favoured the traditioned romanistic right. In reality his theory is less historic than dogmatic.
„… daß Sie Ihre Tätigkeit einstellen müssen”︁: Die Entlassung Sergej Tschachotins aus dem Heidelberger Kaiser‐Wilhelm‐Institut 1933
Authors: Albrecht Richard 
Published: October 2006

Abstract“…that you must have to stop working here.” How Sergej Chakhotin was forced to leave the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute at Heidelberg in 1933. ‐ In this essay the author presents some basically unpublished material according to the dismissal of the Russian natural scientist Sergej Chakhotin, a former assistant of I. P. Pavlov. Chakhotin, who got a sholarship granted by an American institution, worked since 1930 at the newly established Kaiser Wilhelm Institute at Heidelberg, as a scientist. Moreover, he practically engaged himself in the political struggle of the German Social Democrats against Nazism and, in 1932, created the at that time well‐known symbol of the Three Arrows. But he was ‐ being a Soviet citizen ‐ a guest in Germany. His political activity was the very reason for his discharge in April, 1933, and even the engagement of some prominent academic collegues was not able to stop the administration measure. So Chakhotin became a political refugee like some of his German collegues.
Synthesis of deuterium and tritium labelled derivatives of maleopimaric acid
Authors: Ramm Peter J. , Taylor John B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new hepatoprotective agent, N‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐maleopimarimidyl morpholide (RU18492) has been synthesised labelled with tritium at C‐3, C‐4a, C‐10 and in the C‐isopropyl group. The incorporation of tritium relies on the acid‐catalysed isomerisation of levopimaric acid (4) to abietic acid (2), which was then converted in three stages to (3).
Synthese von Pulvinsäure‐[14C], 4‐Hydroxy‐Pulvinsäure‐[14C] und 4′‐Hydroxy‐Pulvinsäure‐[14C]
Authors: Noppel Hans Ehrenfried , Schweer Karl‐Heinz , Massow Friedrich Von 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEs wird die Synthese von Pulvinäure‐[14C], 4′‐Hydroxy‐pulvinäure‐[14C], ausgehend von Phenylacetonitril‐[2‐14C], bschrieben. Die Identität der markierten Verbindungen wurde durch dünnschichtchtomatographischen Vergleich mit den auf glechim Wege synthetisierten inaktiven substanzen sichergestellt, deren Struktur durch Elementaranalyse, MASSEN‐, 1H‐NMR‐Spektern festegelegt worden war.
Specific 14c‐labeled surfactants. The addition of hohogeneous polyoxyethylene glycols to p‐(l,l,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl)phenol
Authors: Tanaka F. S. , Wien R. G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo surfactants, one containing a six and the other containing a nine unit polyoxyethylene glycol side chain attached to p‐(1,1,3,3‐tetramethylbutyl) phenol (TOPOH), were prepared with specific 14C‐labeling. The radioactive label was introduced into the first ethylene oxide unit attached to the aryl moiety, TOPOCH2*CH2(OCH2CH2)nOH, by coupling chloroacetic‐14C‐l acid with TOPOH. A 4‐step reaction scheme was utilized in the synthesis, and all reactions gave excellent yields except for the final Williamson coupling reaction. A competing elimination reaction occurred in the final reaction to afford a vinylic by‐product, TOPOCHCHCl, which was identified by spectroscopic methods. The overall yields for TOP(OCH2CH2)6OH and TOP(OCH2CH2)9OH were 42 and 33 per cent, respectively.
Tritium nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Part IV[ref. (1)]. Distribution of tritium in [G‐3H] phenylalanine and other amino acids
Authors: Al‐Rawi Jasim M. A. , Elvidge John A. , Jones John R. , Chambers Victor M. A. , Evans Anthony 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe usefulness of 3H n.m.r. spectroscopy as an analytical tool for the determination of tritium distribution in both generally and specifically labelled compounds is illustrated by reference to the results for phenylalanine and several other amino acids.
Synthesis of labeled L‐cystinyl‐bis‐L‐valine and bis‐6‐(L‐2‐aminoadipyl)‐L‐cystinyl‐bis‐L‐valine
Authors: Vanderhaeghe H. , Adriaens P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of two peptides, L‐cystinyl‐bis‐L‐valine and bis‐6‐(L‐2‐aminoadipyl)‐L‐cystinyl‐bis‐L‐valine, labeled with L‐valine‐14C(U) or L‐cystine‐3,3′‐T, is described.
Synthesis of some 14C‐labelled aziridine compounds, psychotropic agents
Authors: Minato H. , Nagasaki T. , Katsuyama Y. , Yokoshima T. , Suga K. , Ueda T. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract1‐Methyl‐2‐(2‐naphthyl)aziridine (1) and 1‐methyl–2‐(1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐2‐naphthyl)aziridine (II), psychotropic agents, were labelled by incorporating carbon‐14 into the carbon of the aziridine ring. Labelled products I and II were obtained in 32.4% and 14.4% radiochemical yield based on 2‐acetyl‐carbonyl‐14C‐naphthalene (III), respectively.
Preparation of 3,3′‐dichlorobenzidine‐(phenyl‐U‐14C) dihydrochloride
Authors: Duncan W. P. , Wiley J. C. , Perry W. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA novel five‐step synthesis of 3,3′‐ dichlorobenzidine‐(phenyl‐U14C) dihydrochloride is described. The method consists of the preparation of benzidine‐(phenyl‐U‐14C) followed by acetylation, chlorination with N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS), and hydrolysis. The specific activity of the product was 31.2 mCi/mmole and the overall radiochemical yield was 20% [based on nitrobenzene‐(phenyl‐U‐14C)].
Synthesis of specifically labelled tryptophans: 5,7‐3H2 and 4,6‐3H2 tryptophan
Authors: Gardini G. P. , Palla G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSyntheses of 5,7‐3H2 and 4,6‐3H2 tryptophan, respectively from 2,4,6‐3H3‐ and 3,5‐3H2‐aniline, were obtained by Fischer cyclization of suitable labelled phenylhydrazones.
A generator system for thallium‐20l
Authors: Campbell James A. , Finn Ronald D. , Smith Patricia M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA new and efficient method is described for the separation of 201Tl from its parent 201Pb. Differences in ion exchange properties facilitate the use of a generator system for this separation. The procedure itself is simple and utilizes an exchange column which retains all lead isotopes, as well as other metals, while permitting elution of carrier‐free 201Tl. Unlike current methods, the 201Tl can be made clinically available within hours of its generation and the need for elaborate extractions is avoided.
The preparation of (14C) and [3H] labelled benzene oxide
Authors: Platt Karl L. , Oesch Franz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBenzene oxide ‐[U‐14C] was prepared from benzene ‐(U‐14C) by modifications of methods described for the inactive compound.Benzene oxide‐[3.6–3H] was prepared by decomposition of 3.6‐bis‐trimethylsilyl‐1,4‐cyclohexadiene with tritiated water. bromination of the 1,4‐cyclohexadiene‐[3,6‐3H] so obtained. epoxidation and dehydrobromination.With the latter method benzene oxide‐[3,6–3H] can be prepared at a much lower cost and higher specific activity than benzene oxide‐[U‐14C].
Syntheses with stable isotopes: 4‐Ethylsulfonyl‐l‐naphthalenesulfonamide‐ 15N
Authors: Whaley Thomas W. , Daub Guido H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe title compound was prepared from 4‐ethylthio‐1‐naphalenesulfonyl chloride in a two‐step synthesis with an overall yield of 56%. An alternative one‐step synthesis from 4‐ethylsulfonyl‐1‐naphthalenesulfonyl chloride was found to be unsuitable for nitrogen labeling.
Synthesis of 2–14C‐3‐amino‐1‐chloro‐5‐methylhexan‐2‐one hydrochloride
Authors: Lewis Neil J. , Hes Jan , Yip Philip , Cazer Frederick D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA convenient synthesis of the 14C‐labelled chloromethyl ketone analog of leucine is reported. Modification of previously published conditions allowed for the facile synthesis of: 2–14C‐3‐amino‐1‐chloro‐5‐methylhexan‐2‐one hydrochloride in four steps from 1‐14C‐DL‐leucine in 85.7% yield. This represented a four‐fold improvement over yields reported previously for compounds of this class.
Synthesis of labeled metallocenes via double Π‐ligand transfer
Authors: Stadlbauer E. A. , Nipper E. , Wenzel M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLabeled ruthenocenes were prepared by heating substituted ferrocenes with 103RuCl3 involving (Π‐ligand)‐(Π‐ligand) exchange. Coproportionation and disproportionation of a mixture of a radioactive metallocene compound and an inactive one in the presence of catalytic amounts of FeCl3 or RuCl3 provided a variety of labeled metallocenes in a simple one step procedure.
The synthesis of 6‐deoxy‐6‐18F‐α‐D‐galactopyranose (XXII)
Authors: Christman David R. , Orhanovic Zlata , Shreeve Walton W. , Wolf Alfred P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of 6‐deoxy‐6–18F‐α‐D‐galactopyranose from the 6‐tosyl‐1,2:3,4‐di‐O‐isopropylidene derivative, using tetraethyl‐ammonium fluoride‐18F is described. The synthesis requires 4–4 1/2 hours for completion. The radiochemical yield (activity in compound/starting activity. corrected for decay) is about 15%. Thus 3–4% of the starting 18F– activity is present at the time of delivery, in approximately 0.2 mg of product.
A convenient synthesis of sodium acetate‐18O2
Authors: Hutchinson C. Richard , Mabuni Clayton T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSodium acetate‐18O2 is synthesized by the hydrolysis of triethyl orthoacetate with water‐18O in 89% chemical yield with a 1.1 to 1.2‐fold dilution of the isotopic label contained in water‐18O.
Tritium gas exposure as an alternative to base‐catalyzed exchange for the one‐step tritiation of nitrosamines
Authors: Gaffield William , Roller Peter P. , Palmer Winifred G. , Keefer Larry K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractN‐Nitrosodibutylamine (DBN) and fully deuterated N‐nitrosodimethylamine (DMN‐d6) have been successfully tritiated using the Wilzbach procedure. Specific activities, after purification and transfer to aqueous solution for biochemical studies, were 180 and 14 mCi/mmole, respectively. 3HN‐Nitrosodibutylamine (3H‐DBN) was rather sensitive to autoradiolysis, although the unlabelled derivative proved unusually resistant to base‐catalyzed exchange with deuterium oxide. No decrease in deuterium content was observed during the preparation of 3HN‐nitrosodimethyl‐amine‐d6 (3H‐DMN‐d6), demonstrating that tracer quantities of tritium could be incorporated without significantly lowering the deuterium isotopic purity.
Synthese 14C‐Markierter Umweltchemikalien
Authors: Sandrock K. , Attar A. , Bieniek D. , Klein W. , Korte F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAusgehend von Benzol‐14C über Nitrobenzol‐14C und Anilin14C konnten mehrere markierte Umweltchemikalien darge‐stellt werden. Durch Chlorierung von Anilin‐14C bzw. dessen Acetylderivat wurden Chloraniline‐14C erhalten. Gomberg‐Bachmann bzw. Cadogan Reaktion diazotierter Chloraniline mit verschiedenen Chlorbenzolen führte zu Di‐, Tri‐ und Pentachlorbiphenylen‐14C. Verkochung des Diazoniumsalzes von Anilin‐14C ergab Phenol‐14C, das zu 2,4,6‐Trichlorphenol‐14C umgesetzt wurde. Hexachlorbenzol‐14C und Pentachlornitro‐benzol‐14C wurden durch Chlorierung von Nitrobenzol‐14C dargestellt. Chloralkylen 9‐14C wurde durch Friedel‐Crafts Alkylierung von 2,4′‐Dichlorbiphenyl‐14C mit 2‐Chlorpropan erhalten.
Preparation of the radioiodinated histamine amide of 4‐0‐(carboxypropyl)‐diethylstilbestrol
Authors: Johnson Howard J. , Cernosek Stanley F. , Gutierrez‐Cernosek Rose Mary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe mixed anhydride synthesis provides a route to an iodinated form of the synthetic estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES). Labelling of histamine by the oxidative Chloramine‐T method prior to coupling to 4‐0‐(carboxypropyl)‐diethylstilbestrol (1 ) minimizes radiation damage to the sensitive DES derivative. The radioiodinated derivative has demonstrated binding to an anti‐DES serum, thus making possible a potentially useful iodine‐based radioimmunoassay for DES.
Synthesis of 131I‐Labelled β‐Iodo‐D‐alanine and related compounds
Authors: Shiue Chyng‐Yann , Wolf A. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMethyl‐N‐carbobenzoxy‐β‐131I‐D‐alaninate (2) was synthesized by the melt method. Partial hydrolysis of compound 2 gave methyl β‐131I‐D‐alaninate (3). Hydrolysis of 2 with 2 N HCl gave β‐131I‐D‐alanine. The 123I and 125I labelled compounds were synthesized by the same method.
Carrier‐free 11 C Formaldehyde : An approach
Authors: Berger G. , Mazière M. , Sastre J. , Comar D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe different parameters of 11C formaldehyde synthesis from 11CO2 have been systematically studied in order to improve yields, reproductibility and specific radioactivity.With modifications brought to gas and reagents purity, 11CO2 trapping system, target and dehydrogenation catalyst treatment, 100 to 200 mCi of 11C formaldehyde are obtained at EOB + 10 mn, with a specific activity on the order of 600 mCi/μmole (maximum 1 Ci/μmole).
Preparation of a radiobrominated fluorescein for liver scanning
Authors: Gobuty Allan H. , Spicer Jay A. , Dressler Robert L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA radiobrominated compound, 4,5,6,7‐tetrachloro‐2′,4′,5′,7′‐tetrabromofluorescein‐77Br4 was prepared from resorcinol, tetrachlorophthallic anhydride and Na77Br by a two‐step synthesis. The precursor was identified by spectrometry. Final purification utilized column chromatography. The product was identified by thin layer chromatography and spectrometry. The yield was 60% of theoretical.
Synthesis of 6‐amino‐6‐14 C‐hexyl 1‐thio‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside
Authors: Durette Philippe L. , Ellsworth Robert L. , Shen T. Y. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe radiolabeled insulin‐like carbohydrate derivative, 6‐amino‐6‐14C‐hexyl 1‐thio‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside (6), has been synthesized for receptor binding and mechanism‐of‐action studies by a two‐step process from 5‐bromopentyl 1‐thio‐α‐D‐mannopyranoside (4). Nucleophilic displacement reaction on compound 4 with sodium cyanide‐14C and subsequent catalytic reduction of the intermediate nitrile 5 afforded after chromatography the radiochemically pure amine 6 with a specific activity of 47·3 mCi/mmol.
Labelled organophosphorus pesticides IV. Syntheses of optically active O‐aryl O‐ethyl phenylphosphonothioates labelled with carbon‐14
Authors: Yoshitake Akira , Mohri Zen‐Ichi , Kamada Takeshi , Yasuda Taeko , Nakatsuka Iwao 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOptically active O‐p‐cyanophenyl O‐ethyl phenylphosphonothioate (cyanofenphos) (1) and O‐ethyl O‐p‐nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate (EPN) (2), organophosphorus insecticides, were labelled with carbon‐14 at the phenyl ring of the phenylphosphonothioic acid moiety for use in metabolic studies. The synthetic procedures were shown in Fig. 1. Treatment of benzene‐14C6 with phosphorus trichloride in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride followed by sulfurization with sulfur gave phenyl‐14C6‐phosphonodichloridothioate (3). Reaction of 3 with ethanol gave O‐ethyl phenyl‐14C6‐phosphonochloridothioate (4). Hydrolysis of 4 gave (±)‐O‐ethyl phenyl‐14C6‐phosphonothioic acid (5). Optical resolution of 5 with brucine afforded (−)‐ and (+)‐enantiomers (5a and 5b), which were chlorinated with oxalyl chloride to give (−)‐ and (+)‐chloridothioates (4a and 4b), respectively. Condensation of 4a and 4b with p‐cyanophenol yielded (+)‐ and (−)‐cyanofenphos‐(phenyl‐14C6) (la and lb) in the overall yields of 4.0 and 4.5%, respectively. Similarly, condensation of 4a and 4b with p‐nitrophenol afforded (+)‐ and (‐)‐EPN‐(phenyl‐114C6)(2a and 2b) in the overall yields of 4.2 and 5.5%, respectively.
Syntheses with stable isotopes: Sodium cyanide‐13C, methane‐13C, methane‐13C‐d4, and methane‐d4
Authors: Ott D. G. , Kerr V. N. , Sanchez T. G. , Whaley T. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHydrogenation of carbon‐13C dioxide over ruthenium‐on‐alumina catalyst at 300–400°C produced methane‐13C, which was passed with excess ammonia over platinum at 1000°C to give, after absorption of the product in sodium hydroxide solution, sodium cyanide‐13C in 90% overall yield. Methane‐13C‐d4 and methane‐d4 were prepared by reduction of carbon‐13C monoxide and carbon monoxide, respectively, with deuterium.
Steroide, lix. Tritiummarkierung eines neuen Hochwirksamen Gestagens: STS 557 [14α,15α‐3H]‐17α‐cyanomethyl‐17ß‐hydroxy‐Östra‐4,9‐dien‐3‐on
Authors: Wagner H. , Römer J. , Hübner M. , Ponsold K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe preparation of [14α,15α‐3H]‐17α‐cyanomethyl‐17ß‐hydroxy‐estra‐4,9‐diene‐3‐one (X) starting with catalytic tritiation of 3‐methoxy‐estra‐1,3,5(10),8,14‐pentaene‐17ß‐ol (I) and followed by a ten‐step synthesis is described. This new high effective gestagene STS 557 was obtained with high specific aotivity and radioohemioal purity better than 98 % Radiolysis and storage conditions are examined.
Synthesis of malondialdehyde‐1,2,3‐14C3 via ethyl vinyl‐[1,2‐14C2] ether
Authors: Bienkowski Michael J. , Tuttle Melissa A. , Marnett Lawrence J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of 1,1,3,3‐tetraethoxypropane‐1,2,3‐14C3 from uniformly labeled paraldehyde is described. The synthesis involves three steps and proceeds in an overall yield of 25%. The final product is greater than 95% radiochemically pure and it is stable indefinitely when stored as thoroughly degassed benzene solutions. Hydrolysis of radiolabeled tetraethoxypropane occurs in moderate yields to form malondialdehyde‐1,2,3‐14C3(1,3 propanedial‐1,2,3‐14C3) which is isolated and stored as the sodium salt. One of the intermediates in the synthesis of tetraethoxypropane is ethyl vinyl‐[1,2‐14C2] ether, which is isolable in 50% overall yield from paraldehyde. The widespread utilization of ethyl vinyl ether in organic synthesis suggests that the radiolabeled material should provide an entry to a large number of specifically [14C] labeled compounds.
A facile synthetic route to the 14C‐labeled enantiomers of MK‐196, A new uricosuric diuretic, and its major metabolite
Authors: Woltersdorf Otto W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe enantiomers of MK‐196, (6,7‐dichloro‐2‐methyl‐1‐oxo‐2‐phenyl‐5‐indanyloxy)‐acetic acid, and the 2‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) derivative, the major metabolite of MK‐196, were resolved by classical methods using α‐methylbenzylamine salts, and converted to the corresponding, enantiomerically pure (indanyloxy)acetic acids‐α‐14C by facile ether cleavage with pyridine hydrochloride to the 5‐indanols, selective O‐re‐alkylation with methyl bromoacetate‐2‐14C and subsequent saponification.
Synthesis of [4″‐3H]‐ and [4,4,5,5‐2H4]‐2‐(1′‐[2′,6″‐Dichlorophenoxy]‐ethyl)‐Δ2‐imidazoline
Authors: Kloster Gerd , Odenthal Johannes 
Published: October 2006

Abstract[4″‐3H]‐2‐(1‐[2″,6″‐Dichlorophenoxy]‐ethyl‐Δ2‐imidazoline) was prepared from [4‐3H]‐2,6‐dichlorophenol in two different ways. By reaction of 2,6‐dichlorophenol with 2‐(α‐chloroethyl)‐Δ2‐imidazoline, the radiochemical yield, at a specific activity of 173.9 mCi/mmole, was 12.8 %. With the two‐step‐procedure (reaction of 2,6‐dichlorophenol with 1.) 2‐chloropropionitrile and 2. ethylenediamine, the radiochemical yield of product, at a specific activity of 185.8 mCi/mmole, was 30.0 %.[4,4,5,5‐2H4]‐2‐(1′‐[2″,6″‐Dichlorophenoxy]‐ethyl)‐Δ2‐imidazoline was prepared in one step from [1,1,2,2‐2H4]‐ethylene‐diamine in 49 % yield.
Direct syntheses of β‐hydroxyvaline and [4,4′‐2H6]‐β‐hydroxyvaline
Authors: Scott A. I. , Wilkinson T. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe anion of N,N‐dibenzylglycine ethyl ester was condensed with acetone to afford N,N‐dibenzyl‐β‐hydroxyvaline ethyl ester which was debenzylated and hydrolyzed to yield β‐hydroxyvaline in 72% overall yield. A variety of β‐hydroxyvalines labelled on the isopropyl group can be prepared by this procedure as shown by the preparation of [4,4′‐2H6]‐β‐hydroxyvaline from d6‐acetone.
Synthesis Of [11β‐3H]prostacyclin
Authors: Blair Ian A. , Hensby Christopher N. , Macdermot John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of [11β‐3H]prostacyclin and [11β‐3H]6‐oxo‐prostaglandin F1α has been described. The strategy involved borotritide reduction of prostaglandin D2, followed by cyclic iodoether formation. Adenylate cyclase activation in a neuronal somatic cell hybrid and GC‐MS were used for the analysis of the target compounds. The ready acid catalysed ketal formation of [11β‐3H]6‐oxo‐prostaglandin F1α is noted.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled isophosphamide
Authors: van Maanen J. M. S. , Griggs L. J. , Jarman M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIsophosphamide labelled with 14C in the chloroethyl group attached to the exocyclic nitrogen has been synthesised by treatment of N‐3‐hydroxypropyl‐aziridine with phosphorus oxychloride and reaction of the resulting 2‐chloro‐3‐(2‐chloroethyl) tetrahydro‐2H‐1,3,2‐oxazaphosphorine‐2‐oxide with [1‐14c]‐2‐chloroethylamine.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled 5‐hydroxy‐4‐keto‐valeric acid and 4, 5‐dioxo‐valeric acid
Authors: Tschesche Rudolf , Wirth Wolfgang 
Published: October 2006

Abstract5‐Hydroxy‐4‐keto [4‐14C]valeric acid was prepared from 5‐amino [4‐14C]levulinic acid. The synthesis of 5‐hydroxy‐4‐keto [1‐14C]valeric acid (4) was achieved by Grignard reaction of 1‐benzyloxy‐4‐bromo‐2‐butanone ethylene acetal (1) with 14CO2 and subsequent removal of the protecting groups.4,5‐Dioxo [1‐ or 4‐14C]valeric acid was made by oxidation of the α‐ketol group with cupric acetate.
Synthesis of 2,3‐dihydroxybenzoic acid ‐ (carboxyl‐14C)
Authors: Sundaram M. G. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract2,3‐Dihydroxybenzoic acid‐(carboxyl‐14C) can be synthesized in high overall yield from commercially‐available 2,3‐dimethoxybenzoic acid. The synthetic route features the application of a Curtius rearrangement, the thermal decomposition of a carboxylic acid azide to an isocyanate. The method is suitable for the preparation of the title compound on both micro and semimicro scales.