bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The timing of microsurgical reconstruction in lower extremity trauma
Authors: Karanas Yvonne L. , Nigriny John , Chang James 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe timing of post traumatic microsurgical lower extremity reconstruction was defined by Godina in 1986, with recommendations for flap coverage of Gustillo grade IIIb/c fractures within 72 hours of injury. Godina's study showed the highest risk of infection and flap loss in the delayed period (72 hours–90 days). Subsequent authors have also cited lower rates of flap loss and infection when repair was performed “early”. However, the definition of “early” remains ambiguous. We hypothesized that definitive debridement with optimal dressing care, meticulous microsurgical treatment planning, and vessel anastomoses outside of the zone of injury would allow for delayed reconstruction with high success rates. A retrospective review of 14 lower extremity reconstructions with free flaps was undertaken over a 4‐year period. All patients underwent reconstruction in the delayed (>72 hours) period. There were no flap losses and one case of late osteomyelitis. We conclude that lower extremity reconstruction can be performed safely and effectively in the “delayed” period to allow for wound debridement, stabilization of other injuries, and transfer to a microsurgical facility. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2008.
Spectroscopic and crystallographic studies of the mutant R416W give insight into the nucleotide binding traits of subunit B of the A1Ao ATP synthase
Authors: Kumar Anil , Manimekalai Malathy Sony Subramanian , Balakrishna Asha Manikkoth , Hunke Cornelia , Weigelt Sven , Sewald Norbert , Grüber Gerhard 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA strategically placed tryptophan in position of Arg416 was used as an optical probe to monitor adenosine triphosphate and adenosine‐diphosphate binding to subunit B of the A1AO adenosine triphosphate (ATP) synthase from Methanosarcina mazei Gö1. Tryptophan fluorescence and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy gave binding constants indicating a preferred binding of ATP over ADP to the protein. The X‐ray crystal structure of the R416W mutant protein in the presence of ATP was solved to 2.1 Å resolution, showing the substituted Trp‐residue inside the predicted adenine‐binding pocket. The cocrystallized ATP molecule could be trapped in a so‐called transition nucleotide‐binding state. The high resolution structure shows the phosphate residues of the ATP near the P‐loop region (S150‐E158) and its adenine ring forms π–π interaction with Phe149. This transition binding position of ATP could be confirmed by tryptophan emission spectra using the subunit B mutant F149W. The trapped ATP position, similar to the one of the binding region of the antibiotic efrapeptin in F1FO ATP synthases, is discussed in light of a transition nucleotide‐binding state of ATP while on its way to the final binding pocket. Finally, the inhibitory effect of efrapeptin C in ATPase activity of a reconstituted A3B3‐ and A3B(R416W)3‐subcomplex, composed of subunit A and the B subunit mutant R416W, of the A1AO ATP synthase is shown. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Analysis of nasturtium TmNXG1 complexes by crystallography and molecular dynamics provides detailed insight into substrate recognition by family GH16 xyloglucan endo‐transglycosylases and endo‐hydrolases
Authors: Mark Pekka , Baumann Martin J. , Eklöf Jens M. , Gullfot Fredrika , Michel Gurvan , Kallas Åsa M. , Teeri Tuula T. , Brumer Harry , Czjzek Mirjam 
Published: October 2008

AbstractReorganization and degradation of the wall crosslinking and seed storage polysaccharide xyloglucan by glycoside hydrolase family 16 (GH16) endo‐transglycosylases and hydrolases are crucial to the growth of the majority of land plants, affecting processes as diverse as germination, morphogenesis, and fruit ripening. A high‐resolution, three‐dimensional structure of a nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus) endo‐xyloglucanase loop mutant, TmNXG1‐ΔYNIIG, with an oligosaccharide product bound in the negative active‐site subsites, has been solved by X‐ray crystallography. Comparison of this novel complex to that of the strict xyloglucan endo‐transglycosylase PttXET16‐34 from hybrid aspen (Populus tremula x tremuloides), previously solved with a xylogluco‐oligosaccharide bound in the positive subsites, highlighted key protein structures that affect the disparate catalytic activities displayed by these closely related enzymes. Combination of these “partial” active‐site complexes through molecular dynamics simulations in water allowed modeling of wild‐type TmNXG1, TmNXG1‐ΔYNIIG, and wild‐type PttXET16‐34 in complex with a xyloglucan octadecasaccharide spanning the entire catalytic cleft. A comprehensive analysis of these full‐length complexes underscored the importance of various loops lining the active site. Subtle differences leading to a tighter hydrogen bonding pattern on the negative (glycosyl donor) binding subsites, together with loop flexibility on the positive (glycosyl acceptor) binding subsites appear to favor hydrolysis over transglycosylation in GH16 xyloglucan‐active enzymes. Proteins 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of dynamic system modeling methods
Authors: Bahill A. Terry , Szidarovszky Ferenc 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper compares state‐equation models to state‐machine models. It compares continuous system models to discrete system models. The examples were designed to be at the same level of abstraction. This paper models these systems with the following methods: the state‐space approach of Linear Systems Theory, set‐theoretic notation, block diagrams, use cases, UML diagrams and SysML diagrams. This is the first paper to use all of these modeling methods on the same examples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals Inc. Syst Eng
Clinical Significance of P53 Protein Expression in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Morita Naomi , Ikeda Yoshifumi , Takami Hiroshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlthough mutations in the p53 suppressor gene in thyroid carcinoma have usually been detected in anaplastic carcinoma, P53 protein expression has been detected immunohistochemically in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). In the present study, we examined the immunohistochemical expression of P53 protein in PTC to investigate the relations between its expression and the clinicopathologic features.MethodsThe study was performed on 68 patients in whom thyroidectomy with lymph node dissection had been performed to treat PTC at Teikyo University Hospital. Expression of P53 protein was evaluated immunohistochemically in sections of paraffin‐embedded tissue in 68 primary tumors and 196 lymph node metastases.ResultsOverexpression of P53 protein in the primary tumor was observed in 29 cases (43%). Statistical analysis revealed significant correlation between P53 protein expression in the primary tumor and large tumor size (unpaired t‐test: p < 0.01), the presence of lymph node metastasis (unpaired t‐test: p < 0.05), and the mean number of lymph node metastases (unpaired t‐test: p < 0.05). Although 29 (43%) of the primary tumors overexpressed P53 protein, 143 (73%) of the metastatic lymph nodes overexpressed P53 protein irrespective of whether there was P53 overexpression by the primary tumor.ConclusionsThe results of this study suggest that immunohistochemistry for P53 in the primary tumor could be useful in the clinical evaluation of patients with PTC. Moreover, P53 protein overexpression in lymph node metastasis may be useful as a treatment guide or target for lymph node recurrences.
Modified Technique of Pancreaticojejunal Anastomosis with Invagination Following Pancreaticoduodenectomy: A Cohort Study
Authors: Chen Huan‐wei , Lai Eric C. H. , Su Shu‐ying , Cai Yun‐feng , Zhen Zuo‐jun , Lau Wan Yee 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundLeakage from pancreatic anastomoses remains the single most important morbidity after pancreaticoduodenectomy and contributes to prolonged hospitalization and mortality. This observational cohort study reported the surgical outcome of a modified invagination technique of pancreaticojejunostomy after pancreaticoduodenectomy.MethodsBetween December 2001 and December 2007, a total of 52 consecutive patients underwent elective pancreaticoduodenectomy for benign or malignant pathologies of the pancreas or the periampullary region in a tertiary referral center. All patients underwent our modified invagination technique of pancreaticojejunostomy regardless of the characteristics of the pancreatic stump. Data were collected prospectively.ResultsThe mean hospital stay was 12.6 ± 3.2 days. The incidence of overall surgical complications was 9.6%. No patient developed pancreatic fistula. One patient (1.9%) died of respiratory failure on postoperative day 7.ConclusionsWe reported our pancreaticojejunostomy anastomosis technique with a pancreatic fistula rate of 0% and low intra‐abdominal complication rate. The favorable results of this technique warrant further investigation in large prospective cohort studies and prospective randomized controlled studies.
Laparoscopic‐Assisted Combined Colon and Liver Resection for Primary Colorectal Cancer with Synchronous Liver Metastases: Initial Experience
Authors: Kim Seong Hoon , Lim Seok‐Byung , Ha Yun Hyung , Han Sung‐Sik , Park Sang Jae , Choi Hyo Seong , Jeong Seung‐Yong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic approaches have become increasingly used in selected patients with either colorectal or liver cancer. However, the feasibility of laparoscopic‐assisted combined colon and liver resection in primary colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of laparoscopic‐assisted combined colon and liver resection for primary colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases.MethodsLaparoscopic surgery involving intestinal anastomosis was performed for primary colorectal cancer. The liver was then mobilized with the assistance of a hand inserted through the upper midline incision. For minor resections, the parenchymal transection was performed laparoscopically. For major resection involving a hilar dissection, transection was performed according to the standard open techniques under direct vision through the incision. Resected specimens were retrieved directly through the midline incision.ResultsTen patients with primary colorectal cancer and synchronous liver metastases underwent the above procedure between September 2006 and April 2007. Surgical procedures for colorectal cancer included 5 low anterior resections, 3 anterior resections, 1 right hemicolectomy, and 1 subtotal colectomy. Combined hepatic surgery included 6 major hepatectomies, 3 segmentectomies, and 1 tumorectomy. All procedures were successful, with no conversions to open surgery required. The median operation time was 439 min (range: 210–690 min), and the median estimated blood loss was 350 ml (range: 300–1,200 ml). There was no surgical mortality or major morbidity, except in one patient in whom postoperative bleeding at the site of para‐aortic node dissection was promptly controlled.ConclusionsLaparoscopic‐assisted combined colon and liver resection is a feasible and safe procedure for the treatment of primary colorectal cancer with synchronous liver metastases.
Is There a Role for Cholecystectomy in Gallbladder Carcinoma Discovered to be Unresectable for Cure at Laparotomy?
Authors: Tewari Mallika , Kumar Vinay , Mishra Raghvendra R. , Kumar Mohan , Shukla Hari S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundPalliative operative resection in patients with locally advanced cancer of the gallbladder (GBC) found not to be amenable to radical resection for cure at exploration has received little attention. This article evaluates the benefits, if any, of cholecystectomy with biliary drainage in such patients.MethodsAvailable records of locally advanced but nonmetastatic GBC patients treated in the Department of Surgical Oncology, B.H.U., Varanasi, India, during the last 8 years were retrospectively reviewed. Of these, 30 patients (group I) with GBC (T3–4,N0–1,M0) treated with cholecystectomy ± biliary bypass were selected and compared with equal number of controls matched for age (±5 years), sex, histopathology, stage, residence, and postoperative chemotherapy who underwent biopsy ± biliary bypass only (group II) followed by chemotherapy during the same period. Survival rates were calculated by using Kaplan‐Meier curves. Follow‐up ranged from 1–15 months.ResultsThe median survival was 7 and 2 months for groups I and II (P < 0.0001), respectively. The 30‐day postoperative mortality and morbidity was 3% vs. 12% and 13% vs. 16% in groups I and II, respectively.ConclusionsResults suggest that a better median survival can be achieved after cholecystectomy in locally advanced unresectable GBC compared with only bypass and biopsy procedures. These findings may justify a palliative cholecystectomy in selected patients with locally advanced GBC.
Mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects—remaining challenges
Authors: Gregersen Niels , Andresen Brage S. , Pedersen Christina B. , Olsen Rikke K. J. , Corydon Thomas J. , Bross Peter 
Published: October 2008

SummaryMitochondrial fatty acid oxidation defects have been recognized since the early 1970s. The discovery rate has been rather constant, with 3–4 ‘new’ disorders identified every decade and with the most recent example, ACAD9 deficiency, reported in 2007. In this presentation we will focus on three of the ‘old’ defects: medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) deficiency, riboflavin responsive multiple acyl‐CoA dehydrogenation (RR‐MAD) deficiency, and short‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (SCAD) deficiency. These disorders have been discussed in many publications and at countless conference presentations, and many questions relating to them have been answered. However, continuing clinical and pathophysiological research has raised many further questions, and new ideas and methodologies may be required to answer these. We will discuss these challenges. For MCAD deficiency the key question is why 80% of symptomatic patients are homozygous for the prevalent ACADM gene variation c.985A > G whereas this is found in only ∼50% of newborns with a positive screen. For RR‐MAD deficiency, the challenge is to find the connection between variations in the ETFDH gene and the observed deficiency of a number of different mitochondrial dehydrogenases as well as deficiency of FAD and coenzyme Q10. With SCAD deficiency, the challenge is to elucidate whether ACADS gene variations are disease‐associated, especially when combined with other genetic/cellular/environmental factors, which may act synergistically.
Chemical individuality: Concept and outlook
Authors: Gahl W. A. 
Published: October 2008

SummarySir Archibald Garrod's concept of chemical individuality introduced a century ago provided the basis for the entire discipline of inborn errors of metabolism. Human disorders are defined by variation in disease‐causing mutations, environmental influences, genetic factors other than the primary genetic defect, and evolution itself. Myriad examples support the prescience of Garrod with respect to these issues, each of which has therapeutic implications. Just as Garrod predicted that the future of biochemical genetics would be intertwined with the concept of chemical variability, we might forecast that variation will influence emotions, dreams, and the human thinking process itself.
Is There a Significant Trend in Prevalence of Consanguineous Marriage in Tehran? A Review of Three Generations
Authors: Akrami Seyed Mohammad , Montazeri Vahideh , Shomali Somaieh Rashid , Heshmat Ramin , Larijani Bagher 
Published: October 2008

AbstractConsanguineous marriage is a common practice in Iran. The present study surveyed the trend in consanguineous marriage across three generations of Iranians. Index cases, consisting of 400 individuals attending the diabetes and osteoporosis clinic in Shariati Hospital, were interviewed. Data on consanguinity status for 1789 marriages within the index cases’ families were obtained. Generation 1 consisted of marriages contracted before 1948, Generation 2 consisted of marriages contracted between 1949 and 1978, and Generation 3 consisted of marriages contracted after 1979. Prevalence of consanguineous marriage within these three generations was 8.8%, 16.6% and 19%, respectively, and represented a significant trend (p < 0.001). First cousin marriage was the most common type of consanguinity (69%). Socioeconomic level of families was not significantly related to having a consanguineous marriage. These data suggest that premarital genetic counseling and mass media efforts are needed to increase public awareness about genetic risks associated with consanguineous marriage.
Thermodynamic Properties of Supported and Embedded Metallic Nanocrystals: Gold on/in SiO2
Authors: Ruffino F , Grimaldi MG , Giannazzo F , Roccaforte F , Raineri V 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
We report on the calculations of the cohesive energy, melting temperature and vacancy formation energy for Au nanocrystals with different size supported on and embedded in SiO2. The calculations are performed crossing our previous data on the surface free energy of the supported and embedded nanocrystals with the theoretical surface-area-difference model developed by W. H. Qi for the description of the size-dependent thermodynamics properties of low-dimensional solid-state systems. Such calculations are employed as a function of the nanocrystals size and surface energy. For nanocrystals supported on SiO2, as results of the calculations, we obtain, for a fixed nanocrystal size, an almost constant cohesive energy, melting temperature and vacancy formation energy as a function of their surface energy; instead, for those embedded in SiO2, they decreases when the nanocrystal surface free energy increases. Furthermore, the cohesive energy, melting temperature and vacancy formation energy increase when the nanocrystal size increases: for the nanocrystals on SiO2, they tend to the values of the bulk Au; for the nanocrystals in SiO2 in correspondence to sufficiently small values of their surface energy, they are greater than the bulk values. In the case of the melting temperature, this phenomenon corresponds to the experimentally well-known superheating process.
Diversity of tight junctions (TJs) between gastrointestinal epithelial cells and their function in maintaining the mucosal barrier
Authors: Yu Qing‐Hua , Yang Qian 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe gastrointestinal epithelium, which is covered by a single layer of epithelial cells, including enterocytes, intraepithelial lymphocytes, goblet cells, microfold cells, and dendritic cells, serves as a protective barrier separating luminal contents from the underlying tissue compartments. The epithelium plays an important role in the first line of host defense against a variety of pathogens, as well as maintaining the homeostasis in gastrointestinal tract. All these epithelial cells express junction complex proteins and form cell junctions such as adherens and TJs, although the TJs have small differences among different epithelial cells. The TJs, located most apically on the lateral membrane, are required for the proper formation of epithelial cell polarity as well as sustaining of the mucosal barrier. Furthermore, TJs are the key cell junctions modulating the paracellular pathway. Understanding the diversity of the TJs between intestinal epithelial cells and their different roles in defending pathogens' invasion and modifying the paracellular pathway are attractive to exploration.
“Silk Road, Cotton Road or . . . . Indo-Chinese Trade in Pre-European Times”
Authors: DALE STEPHEN F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIndia and China were the most important producers of textiles in the world prior to the industrial revolution. However, whereas the Western historiography usually discusses Indian cotton and Chinese silk in connection with European imports, or with their sales in the Indian Ocean and the Middle East, cotton and silk were also exchanged between India and China. Indeed, Indian cotton and Chinese silk were probably the principal manufactured goods exchanged between these civilizations. Although Indian records are fragmentary, especially when compared with the voluminous Chinese sources, Indian cotton goods are known to have reached the Indianized states in Xinjiang in the early Common Era (CE), and may have been produced there, in Khotan and the neighbouring states, by the time that indigenous silk production was known to exist in India in the fourth and fifth centuries CE. Yet, while in later centuries large amounts of cotton cloth were produced in China while indigenous centres of silk production developed in India, exchanges of the finest types of cotton and silk cloth continued, usually driven by cultural and social factors in each civilization.
Notes on Political Thought in Medieval and Early Modern South India
Authors: RAO VELCHERU NARAYANA , SUBRAHMANYAM SANJAY 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis essays deals with a neglected and significant strand of Indian political thought by describing and analysing the corpus known asnītiin the context of medieval and early modern South India (in particular with reference to the Telugu-speaking region). Works ofnītiare presented here within a larger context, as they evolve from the medieval Andhra of the Kakatiyas into the Vijayanagara period, the Nayakas, and beyond. They are also opposed and contrasted to other texts written within the broad category ofdharmashāstra, which seem to deal with a far more conservative project for the management of society and politics within a caste-based framework. Authors and compilers dealt with include Baddena and Madiki Singana, but also the celebrated emperor-poet Krishnadevaraya (r. 1509–29). An argument is made for the continued relevance of these texts for the conduct of politics in South Asia, into and beyond the colonial period.
Household structure and infectious disease transmission
Authors: HOUSE T. , KEELING M. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYOne of the central tenets of modern infectious disease epidemiology is that an understanding of heterogeneities, both in host demography and transmission, allows control to be efficiently optimized. Due to the strong interactions present, households are one of the most important heterogeneities to consider, both in terms of predicting epidemic severity and as a target for intervention. We consider these effects in the context of pandemic influenza in Great Britain, and find that there is significant local (ward-level) variation in the basic reproductive ratio, with some regions predicted to suffer 50% faster growth rate of infection than the mean. Childhood vaccination was shown to be highly effective at controlling an epidemic, generally outperforming random vaccination and substantially reducing the variation between regions; only nine out of over 10 000 wards did not obey this rule and these can be identified as demographically atypical regions. Since these benefits of childhood vaccination are a product of correlations between household size and number of dependent children in the household, our results are qualitatively robust for a variety of disease scenarios.