bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Two HLA–B27 alleles differently associated with spondylarthritis, B*2709 and B*2705, display similar intracellular trafficking and oligomer formation
Authors: Giquel Benoit , Carmouse Sophie , Denais Céline , Cherfa Aïcha , Chimenti Maria‐Sole , Fert Ingrid , Hacquard‐Bouder Cécile , Breban Maxime , André Claudine 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether and to what extent the intracellular trafficking features of HLA–B*2705, which is associated with the development of spondylarthritis (SpA), differ from those of HLA–B*2709 and HLA–B*0702, which are not associated with SpA.MethodsHeLa cells were transfected with complementary DNA encoding for HLA–B proteins fused to Renilla luciferase or yellow fluorescent protein. The subcellular distribution of properly folded and unfolded/misfolded HLA–B proteins was examined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of cells labeled with ME1 and HC‐10 antibodies, respectively. HLA–B/HLA–B interactions were monitored in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)– and plasma membrane–enriched subcellular fractions, by bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET).ResultsAll 3 HLA–B alleles displayed a similar distribution pattern (properly folded heavy chain at the cell surface, unfolded/misfolded proteins only in the cytoplasm). By means of BRET, we provided evidence that both HLA–B*2705 and HLA–B*2709 formed more oligomers in the ER and the plasma membrane than did HLA–B*0702. The propensity of HLA–B*2705 to form oligomers in the ER was partly attributable to residue Cys67 of the molecule. For all 3 alleles, increased expression of HLA–B proteins was associated with intracytoplasmic accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins and intracellular vesicles, probably corresponding to expanded ER–Golgi intermediate compartments, in which these proteins accumulated together with the stress sensor BiP.ConclusionOur results suggest that the difference in disease susceptibility conferred by HLA–B*2705 and HLA–B*2709 cannot be explained by their different propensity to form dimers or misfolded proteins, thus presumably implicating other, still unknown factors.
Calcineurin modulates the catabolic and anabolic activity of chondrocytes and participates in the progression of experimental osteoarthritis
Authors: Yoo Seung‐Ah , Park Bo‐Hyoung , Yoon Hyung‐Ju , Lee Joo‐Yup , Song Joo‐Hyoun , Kim Hyun Ah , Cho Chul‐Soo , Kim Wan‐Uk 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo determine whether intracellular calcineurin (Cn), a calcium‐activated phosphatase, regulates the anabolic and catabolic activities of chondrocytes, and is a potential target in the treatment of osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsCnA expression was examined in cartilage tissue samples and cultured chondrocytes from OA patients, using immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis, respectively. Concentrations of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP‐1) in the culture supernatants were determined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of nitric oxide (NO) and type II collagen (CII) were measured using the Griess reaction and Western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, the pathologic role of Cn was examined in an in vivo model in which experimental OA was induced in mice by injecting type VII collagenase into the knee joints.ResultsCnA was highly expressed in the chondrocytes of lesional OA cartilage. Cyclosporin A (CSA), a Cn inhibitor, inhibited spontaneous and interleukin‐1β–stimulated production of NO, MMP‐1, and MMP‐3 in chondrocytes. However, CSA increased the levels of production of CII, TIMP‐1, and transforming growth factor β. Similar changes in MMP‐1, NO, and CII expression levels in chondrocytes were observed after the targeted inhibition of Cn by overexpression of calcineurin binding protein 1, a natural Cn antagonist. Moreover, in the mouse model, animals treated with CSA showed a significant decrease in both the extent and the severity of cartilage damage, which were assessed macroscopically and microscopically, compared with vehicle‐treated animals.ConclusionThese results suggest that CnA is critically involved in the catabolic and anabolic activities of chondrocytes as well as in the progression of experimental OA. Targeted inhibition of CnA may be an effective treatment strategy for OA.
Pathogenic effects of antimyeloperoxidase antibodies in patients with microscopic polyangiitis
Authors: Guilpain Philippe , Servettaz Amélie , Goulvestre Claire , Barrieu Sandrine , Borderie Didier , Chéreau Christiane , Kavian Niloufar , Pagnoux Christian , Guillevin Loïc , Weill Bernard , Mouthon Luc , Batteux Frédéric 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveMicroscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a small‐vessel vasculitis associated with antimyeloperoxidase (MPO) antibodies in 70% of patients. Anti‐MPO antibodies can trigger the release of MPO by neutrophils and monocytes, but their involvement in the pathogenesis of MPA is still questioned. The aim of this study was to investigate whether anti‐MPO antibodies can activate MPO to generate an oxidative stress that is potentially deleterious to the endothelium.MethodsMPA sera, purified IgG from MPA sera, normal control sera, and purified IgG from normal sera were incubated with MPO coated onto microtitration plates. The peroxidase activity of MPO was evaluated by adding o‐phenylenediamine. Production of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) was determined by chemiluminescence. The cytotoxic properties of byproducts of MPO activation were tested on endothelial cells in culture.ResultsMPA sera with anti‐MPO antibodies were found to activate MPO in vitro (P < 0.0001 versus normal sera) and to generate HOCl (P < 0.001), as did IgG purified from MPA sera (P < 0.05). MPA sera without anti‐MPO antibodies and MPA IgG absorbed on MPO did not show these activities. The byproducts of MPO activation by MPA sera exerted a strong cytolytic activity on endothelial cells in culture (P < 0.01). Both HOCl production and endothelial lysis were abrogated by N‐acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant molecule (P < 0.05 and P < 0.0001, respectively).ConclusionAnti‐MPO antibodies could play a pathogenic role in vivo by triggering an oxidative burst, leading to severe endothelial damage. Treatment of MPA patients with NAC might be proposed in an attempt to abrogate these deleterious phenomena.
User preference in published indexes
Authors: Gould Angela M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA study of the importance to the user of various characteristics in the printed subject indexes to abstract journals and published literature, and the users' preference for the different formats available, was carried out. The investigation was made by means of a questionnaire which was answered by both library staff and scientists. The respondents compared particular index characteristics in a number of differing indexes and also commented on specific details of the indexes to Science Abstracts. The results highlighted the important characteristics and preferences, and differences in the pattern of use of printed subject indexes by the library staff and scientists where indicated. Recent changes in the indexes to Science Abstracts take account of the users' preferences.
Making on‐line search available in an industrial research environment
Authors: Lawrence Barbara , Weil Ben H. , Graham Margaret H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOn‐line interactive searching of several information bases through several service operators was introduced in an industrial research environment. Thorough knowledge of the information base and its structure in the search system is a major factor for successful searching, and differences among search systems do not present serious barriers. This new technique was most effectively used when the information specialist and the scientist searched as a team. On‐line searching is now an established search tool at Exxon Research and Engineering Company.
Reduction of data generation costs
Authors: Wilde Daniel U. , David Chafe H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe difficulty and expense of acquiring textual material in machine‐readable form is a major barrier to more extensive use of computers in libraries. This paper discusses the reduction of data generation costs, by the use of the IBM MT/ST typewriter and tape converter to eliminate redundancy in keying opera‐ tions. Their use in the production of World Aluminum Abstracts is presented as a typical application.
RELEVANCE: A review of and a framework for the thinking on the notion in information science
Authors: Saracevic Tefko 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInformation science emerged as the third subject, along with logic and philosophy, to deal with relevance‐an elusive, human notion. The concern with relevance, as a key notion in information science, is traced to the problems of scientific communication. Relevance is considered as a measure of the effectiveness of a contact between a source and a destination in a communication process. The different views of relevance that emerged are interpreted and related within a framework of communication of knowledge. Different views arose because relevance was considered at a number of different points in the process of knowledge communication. It is suggested that there exists an interlocking, interplaying cycle of various systems of relevances.
Complementarity between a use study and a citation study in considering publication practices in the physical and social sciences
Authors: Rafsnider Jean 
Published: June 2007

AbstractComparisons of hard and soft science in user (Garvey) and citation (Price) studies were shown to exhibit a previously unnoticed complementarity. In particular, the lower utilization of recent citations by social scientists may be shown to reflect the greater time required for scientific work and subsequent publication of a social science research contribution as opposed to one from the physical sciences. This analysis offers an alternative to the view of hard and soft science offered by Price and raises several research questions regarding the relation between use and citation of scientific literatures.
A library network model
Authors: Rouse William B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe performance of an interlibrary loan network is characterized by the probability of satisfying a request, delay in satisfying a request, total and unit costs, and processing load on each network member. In this article, a distributed queueing network is used to model this situation. The general structure can be specialized to a ring structure or a centralized structure. A hypothetical network situation is used to discuss the effects of network dispersion and distribution of resources on several policy issues. These issues include request routing, reimbursement and possible investments in computer technology.
Relevance weighting of search terms
Authors: Robertson S. E. , Jones K. Sparck 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper examines statistical techniques for exploiting relevance information to weight search terms. These techniques are presented as a natural extension of weighting methods using information about the distribution of index terms in documents in general. A series of relevance weighting functions is derived and is justified by theoretical considerations. In particular, it is shown that specific weighted search methods are implied by a general probabilistic theory of retrieval. Different applications of relevance weighting are illustrated by experimental results for test collections.
Automatic aids to profile construction
Authors: Robson Alan , Longman Janet S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA function (term specificity) may be defined such that it gives a measure of the potential usefulness of a search term, when it is incorporated in a profile.A system is described for the production of specificity lists, using an iterative procedure involving textual analysis of the data base combined with an analysis of the relevance of references selected by this procedure. Such lists are produced for single terms, term pairs and term fragments.The lists are combined by program to give search profiles. The results of searching these profiles are compared with those from corresponding profiles produced by conventional means and it is shown that, in general, the automatic profiles are cheaper to construct and search, and yet perform similarly to the conventional profiles.
Variety generation—A reinterpretation of Shannon's mathematical theory of communication, and its implications for information science
Authors: Lynch Michael F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe conventional interpretation of Shannon's mathematical theory of communication in relation to textual material is unduly restrictive and unhelpful. A reinterpretation which is based on the definition of new symbol sets, comprising approximately equally‐frequent strings of characters, is presented. It is shown to have wide applicability in computer‐processing of texts. Moreover, it provides a more general formalism for considering methods of representing, storing and retrieving the subject content of documents.
The diffusion of core publications in american sociology
Authors: Oromaner Mark 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCitations to articles published during 1960 in three “core” sociological journals, cited in ten sociological journals (1961‐70), are examined. One‐third of the articles were not cited at all, while only eleven percent of the cited articles were cited in more than one‐half (six or more) of the journals. Articles are more likely to be cited in core journals than in specialized journals. Studies of the reading and citing practices of authors are needed. Finally, it is suggested that the core journals may not play an integrating role within sociology and that greater attention should be focused on the specialty journals.
The identifier method of measuring use as applied to modeling the circulation use of books from a university library
Authors: Turner Stephen J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMany authors have studied statistics on time since last use as possible useful aids for weeding collections. These approaches are special cases of a more general identifier method which allows greater flexibility in the selection and determination of objective retirement criteria. The general theory and a specific case study are presented in an effort to indicate both the flexibility and practicality of the method. The report concludes with a list of some of the more important considerations for execution of the general approach.
The application of function descriptors to the development of an information system topology
Authors: Swanson E. Burton 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA type of descriptor, termed a Function Descriptor, is suggested for application to the description and classification of information systems, and for the development of an information system typology. In the exploratory description of 25 systems, a list of 83 Function Descriptors was developed. In a small experiment undertaken, it was seen that consensual agreement in the application of the Function Descriptors is not simply achieved. Several suggestions are made for dealing with the difficulties of application, including the classification of information system functions into three types: utilization‐level functions, production‐level functions, and operation‐level functions. The establishment of an Information System Reference Center is proposed as a basis for the continuance of the research.
A metatheory for the development of a science of information
Authors: Dow John T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInformation science would do well to develop more and better theories, for without adequate theoretical support, we may do a technically brillant job of solving the wrong problems. However, the interdisciplinary nature of what information science is becoming means we must use a metatheory to guide the development of these theories. Without metatheory we cannot compare or unify the theories. A major statement in such a metatheory is to claim that there are three levels that should be used for information theorizing: casual, macroscopic, and microscopic. Use of these levels, and of the rules they imply, simplifies the evaluation of existing theories by making clear when theories are comparable in a meaningful way and, when they are not comparable, by showing what type of transformations are necessary to make them comparable.
Indexing documents by gedanken experimentation
Authors: Cooper William S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough it is widely accepted that indexing and cataloging are central to the document and reference retrieval process, there is as yet little unanimity on the issue of how these operations ought to be carried out. Since indexing is a decision‐making process, decision theory and utility theory have been proposed as a possible theoretical framework within which to formulate decision rules for indexing. These decision rules may be interpreted operationally as guides to the thought processes appropriate to the making of sound indexing decisions. One such thought process involves “gedanken experimentation,” in which the indexer is led to an indexing decision by performing suitable thought experiments. This approach to indexing, in addition to providing a theoretical basis for what the indexer does, lends itself to various training schemes for the education of indexers, to the provision of graphic aids to indexing, and to the evaluation of indexing performance. There are also ramifications for automatic indexing.
Education for information science as a profession
Authors: Swanson Rowena Weiss 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper relates factors pertaining to the development of professional education programs to the current status of education for information science. Information science education has not yet matured to the level of being articulated in a program plan representing the consensus of members of the profession. Components of curriculum plans are discussed. A topic inventory for information science is presented with indications of its utility in curriculum design and assessment. The author advocates that collective action be undertaken by the information science community to formulate a curriculum plan to orient educators, prospective students, and present and prospective clienteles.
The effect of parameter uncertainties on the predictions of a library network model
Authors: Rouse William B. , Rouse Sandra H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA library network model is reviewed and a new derivation of the model is presented that requires fewer assumptions and allows more robust representations of library networks. It is then shown how uncertainty in model parameters, due to estimation on the basis of finite sample sizes, propagates through the model and thereby introduces uncertainty in the model's predictions. Using these results, it is shown how one can determine the appropriate amount of data to collect and/or the appropriate level of aggregation of data.
An empirical examination of Bradford's law and the scattering of scientific literature
Authors: Drott M. Carl , Griffith Belver C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three data sets representing the documents retrieved by a wide variety of searches were examined for correspondence to Bradford's Law. Regression lines fit to the data sets showed all correlations in excess of 0.96. Thus, the fitted line, as customarily specified by slope and intercept, can serve as a good representation of an entire data set. Slope can be shown to be almost entirely determined by the total number of articles retrieved. Over two‐thirds of the variance in the intercept is accounted for by the total number of journal titles retrieved. These findings weigh against earlier speculation that slope and intercept depended on such characteristics as breadth of subject area, topic, time period, or search technique. The findings show that Bradford's Law is the reflection of some underlying process not related to the characteristics of the search mechanism or the nature of the literature. The authors conclude that there is instead a basic probabilistic mechanism underlying the law.
Bibliographic references for numeric social science data files: Suggested guidelines
Authors: Dodd Sue A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn the last two decades, private research organizations, government agencies, and foundations have invested heavily in the collection of social science numeric data, contributing to the proliferation of machine‐readable data. However, the development of information technology and the ability to produce data have progressed much more rapidly than our capacity to organize, classify, and reference its availability. There is an immediate need for some type of bibliographic control over MRDF, including guidelines on how to create a proper bibliographic reference. The purpose of this article is twofold: (1) to outline some of the information components associated with social science numeric data files, and (2) to provide guidelines, examples, and a uniform vocabulary for the creation of a bibliographic reference.
Monograph evaluation for acquisitions in a large research library
Authors: Wenger Charles B. , Sweet Christine B. , Stiles Helen J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA computerized method of assisting monograph collection development by correlating circulation with inventory statistics is presented. This technique requires obtaining the library's circulation and inventory on each subject as defined by a call number. A circulation/inventory/time or circulation/inventory ratio is used to identify high‐ and low‐use subject areas directly. These ratios, together with inventory data, may be obtained both for recent periods (up to one year), which will indicate changes in current information needs, and for more stable, long‐term periods (1976 to date). High and low values are then defined by the library for inventory, circulation, and a circulation/inventory ratio according to budget and manpower restrictions. Data are used to identify subject areas in which (1) the collection is strong but more books should be purchased; (2) more books on similar subjects should be purchased; (3) the collection is adequate; (4) purchases should be minimized for some time period—perhaps a year; (5) the collection is large but weak. These data can also be used to obtain computer recommendations for the total number of monographs to be purchased as well as their subject distribution.
Searching the chemical literature via three on‐line vendors: A comparison
Authors: Ross Johanna C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractNine chemistry searches were statistically selected to be run on three commercial data‐base vendor files: SDC, BRS, and LRS. Each vendor has the CACon file, but software used for access and the method of loading the files differ. Only LRS has CASIA, the controlled vocabulary portion of the CA machine‐readable file. Performance was not markedly different for general‐subject searches, but costs varied. When the chemical registry number was used in the CASIA file for specific chemical compound searches, more relevant citations were retrieved, but at increased cost and with lower precision.
Bradford distribution of data elements
Authors: Marulli Luciana , Koenig Michael E. D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn examination of the occurrence of data elements within the various indexes and bibliographies produced by the 15 intergovernmental organizations of the United Nations system revealed a classic Bradford distribution. Interestingly, in this case the data is the number of types, not tokens. Implications for bibliographic unification are discussed.