bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Backlash towards male versus female leaders' interpersonal emotion management strategy use: The role of followers' gender‐based leadership stereotypes
Authors: Bayazit Mahmut , Czukor Gergely , Dural Şenoğuz Uzay , Özalp Türetgen İlknur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch on the backlash effect predominantly investigated penalties men and women incurred when they violate gender norms in the domain of achievement‐oriented aggressiveness. We investigated backlash reactions towards female versus male leaders' attempts to manage follower emotions using one of two gender‐stereotypic interpersonal emotion management strategies, cognitive change or expression suppression, in a 2×2 vignette experiment in which undergraduate students as participants acted as followers (N = 206). We hypothesized that followers high in explicit or implicit prejudice towards female leadership would be motivated to show backlash in the form of negative attitudes and anger when female leaders use an expression suppression strategy and when male leaders use a cognitive change strategy, violating gender norms. We also explored the role of followers' gender as a boundary condition of backlash reactions towards leaders of the same versus opposite sex. Male participants with negative explicit attitudes towards women leaders in general expressed higher levels of anger towards a female leader who utilized a suppression strategy. Female participants holding implicit stereotypes reported negative attitudes for both female and male leaders who utilized a gender‐incongruent emotion management strategy. We discuss the implications of our findings for theory and research on the backlash effect.
The effects of the β1‐adrenergic receptor antagonist bisoprolol administration on mirabegron‐stimulated human brown adipose tissue thermogenesis
Authors: Dumont Lauralyne , Caron Alexandre , Richard Gabriel , Croteau Etienne , Fortin Mélanie , Frisch Frédérique , Phoenix Serge , Dubreuil Stéphanie , Guérin Brigitte , Turcotte Éric E. , Carpentier André C. , Blondin Denis P. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimPharmacological stimulation of human brown adipose tissue (BAT) has been hindered by ineffective activation or undesirable off‐target effects. Oral administration of the maximal allowable dose of mirabegron (200 mg), a β3‐adrenergic receptor (β3‐AR) agonist, has been effective in stimulating BAT thermogenesis and whole‐body energy expenditure. However, this has been accompanied by undesirable cardiovascular effects. Therefore, we hypothesized that combining mirabegron with a β1‐AR antagonist could suppress these unwanted effects and increase the stimulation of the β3‐AR and β2‐AR in BAT.MethodsWe performed a randomized crossover trial (NCT04823442) in 8 lean men. Mirabegron (200 mg) was administered orally with or without the β1‐AR antagonist bisoprolol (10 mg). Dynamic [11C]‐acetate and 2‐deoxy‐2‐[18F]fluoro‐d‐glucose PET/CT scans were performed sequentially after oral administration of mirabegron ± bisoprolol.ResultsCompared to room temperature, mirabegron alone increased BAT oxidative metabolism (0.84 ± 0.46 vs. 1.79 ± 0.91 min−1, p = 0.0433), but not when combined with bisoprolol. The metabolic rate of glucose in BAT, measured using [18F]FDG PET, was significantly higher with mirabegron than mirabegron with bisoprolol (24 ± 10 vs. 16 ± 8 nmol/g/min, p = 0.0284). Bisoprolol inhibited the mirabegron‐induced increase in systolic blood pressure and heart rate.ConclusionThe administration of bisoprolol decreases the adverse cardiovascular effects of mirabegron. However, the provided dose also blunted the mirabegron‐stimulated increase in BAT lipolysis, thermogenesis, and glucose uptake. The attenuation in BAT blood flow induced by the large dose of bisoprolol may have limited BAT thermogenesis.
Evaluation of adherence to antipsychotics: A real‐world data study using four different dosing assumptions
Authors: Fuente‐Moreno Marina , Dima Alexandra L. , Rubio‐Valera Maria , Baladon Luisa , Chavarria Victor , Contaldo Salvatore Fabrizio , Peña‐Salazar Carlos , Serra‐Sutton Vicky , Hermida‐González Patricia , de Loño Jorge Peláez , Rey‐Abella Maria Eugènia , Aznar‐Lou Ignacio , Serrano‐Blanco Antoni 
Published: March 2024

AimsThis study aimed to assess the frequency of dosing inconsistencies in prescription data and the effect of four dosing assumption strategies on adherence estimates for antipsychotic treatment.MethodsA retrospective cohort, which linked prescription and dispensing data of adult patients with ≥1 antipsychotic prescription between 2015‐2016 and followed up until 2019, in Catalonia (Spain). Four strategies were proposed for selecting the recommended dosing in overlapping prescription periods for the same patient and antipsychotic drug: (i) the minimum dosing prescribed; (ii) the dose corresponding to the latest prescription issued; (iii) the highest dosing prescribed; and (iv) all doses included in the overlapped period. For each strategy, one treatment episode per patient was selected, and the Continuous Medication Availability measure was used to assess adherence. Descriptive statistics were used to describe results by strategy.ResultsOf the 277 324 prescriptions included, 76% overlapped with other prescriptions (40% with different recommended dosing instructions). The number and characteristics of patients and treatment episodes (18 292, 18 303, 18 339 and 18 536, respectively per strategy) were similar across strategies. Mean adherence was similar between strategies, ranging from 57 to 60%. However, the proportion of patients with adherence ≥90% was lower when selecting all doses (28%) compared with the other strategies (35%).ConclusionDespite the high prevalence of overlapping prescriptions, the strategies proposed did not show a major effect on the adherence estimates for antipsychotic treatment. Taking into consideration the particularities of antipsychotic prescription practices, selecting the highest dose in the overlapped period seemed to provide a more accurate adherence estimate.
Hearing loss in beta‐thalassaemia: An Italian multicentre case–control study
Authors: Manara Renzo , Brotto Davide , Barillari Maria Rosaria , Costa Giuseppe , Villani Annalisa Valentina , Perna Carmine , Ziello Brunella , di Salle Francesco , Cantone Elena , Pasanisi Annamaria , De Michele Elisa , Ciancio Angela , D'Urzo Giovanna , Valentino Pasqualina , Perrotta Silverio , Ricchi Paolo , Tartaglione Immacolata 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackgroundDespite numerous studies, the true scenario of hearing loss in beta‐thalassaemia remains rather nebulous.Materials and methodsPure tone audiometry, chelation therapy, demographics and laboratory data of 376 patients (mean age 38.5 ± 16.6 years, 204 females, 66 non‐transfusion‐dependent) and 139 healthy controls (mean age 37.6 ± 17.7 years, 81 females) were collected.ResultsPatient and control groups did not differ for age (p = 0.59) or sex (p = 0.44). Hypoacusis rate was higher in patients (26.6% vs. 7.2%; p < 0.00001), correlated with male sex (32.6% in males vs. 21.8% in females; p = 0.01) and it was sensorineural in 79/100. Hypoacusis rate correlated with increasing age (p = 0.0006) but not with phenotype (13/66 non‐transfusion‐dependent vs. 87/310 transfusion‐dependent patients; p = 0.16). Sensorineural‐notch prevalence rate did not differ between patients (11.4%) and controls (12.2%); it correlated with age (p = 0.01) but not with patients' sex or phenotype. Among adult patients without chelation therapy, the sensorineural hypoacusis rate was non‐significantly lower compared to chelation‐treated patients while it was significantly higher compared to controls (p = 0.003).ConclusionsSensorineural hypoacusis rate is high in beta‐thalassaemia (about 21%) and it increases with age and in males while disease severity or chelation treatment seems to be less relevant. The meaning of sensorineural‐notch in beta‐thalassaemia appears questionable.
Terminally differentiated cytotoxic CD4+ T cells were clonally expanded in the brain lesion of radiation‐induced brain injury
Authors: Ma Xueying , Zuo You , Hu Xia , Chen Sitai , Zhong Ke , Xue Ruiqi , Gui Shushu , Liu Kejia , Li Shaojian , Zhu Xiaoqiu , Yang Jingwen , Deng Zhenhong , Liu Xiaolu , Xu Yongteng , Liu Sheng , Shi Zhongshan , Zhou Meijuan , Tang Yamei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAccumulating evidence supports the involvement of adaptive immunity in the development of radiation‐induced brain injury (RIBI). Our previous work has emphasized the cytotoxic function of CD8+ T cells in RIBI. In this study, we aimed to investigate the presence and potential roles of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs) in RIBI to gain a more comprehensive understanding of adaptive immunity in this context.Main TextUtilizing single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq), we analyzed 3934 CD4+ T cells from the brain lesions of four RIBI patients and identified six subclusters within this population. A notable subset, the cytotoxic CD4+ T cells (CD4+ CTLs), was marked with high expression of cytotoxicity‐related genes (NKG7, GZMH, GNLY, FGFBP2, and GZMB) and several chemokine and chemokine receptors (CCL5, CX3CR1, and CCL4L2). Through in‐depth pseudotime analysis, which simulates the development of CD4+ T cells, we observed that the CD4+ CTLs exhibited signatures of terminal differentiation. Their functions were enriched in protein serine/threonine kinase activity, GTPase regulator activity, phosphoprotein phosphatase activity, and cysteine‐type endopeptidase activity involved in the apoptotic signaling pathway. Correspondingly, mice subjected to gamma knife irradiation on the brain showed a time‐dependent infiltration of CD4+ T cells, an increase of MHCII+ cells, and the existence of CD4+ CTLs in lesions, along with an elevation of apoptotic‐related proteins. Finally, and most crucially, single‐cell T‐cell receptor sequencing (scTCR‐seq) analysis at the patient level determined a large clonal expansion of CD4+ CTLs in lesion tissues of RIBI. Transcriptional factor‐encoding genes TBX21, RORB, and EOMES showed positive correlations with the cytotoxic functions of CD4+ T cells, suggesting their potential to distinguish RIBI‐related CD4+ CTLs from other subsets.ConclusionThe present study enriches the understanding of the transcriptional landscape of adaptive immune cells in RIBI patients. It provides the first description of a clonally expanded CD4+ CTL subset in RIBI lesions, which may illuminate new mechanisms in the development of RIBI and offer potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets for the disease.
Comparison of patch test positivity after 24 and 48 hours of occlusion time in patients of allergic contact dermatitis: A prospective study
Authors: Ahuja Rhea , Bhari Neetu , Sethuraman Gomathy , Kalaivani M. , Verma Kaushal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatch test is the gold standard for diagnosing allergic contact dermatitis. Conventionally, the patches are applied for 48 h, which in tropical weather conditions causes excessive sweating, leading to irritation, and sometimes the patches come off, making the test inconclusive.ObjectiveTo compare the patch test positivity after 24 and 48 h of occlusion time in patients of allergic contact dermatitis, using standard allergen concentration.Materials and methodsClinically suspected patients of allergic contact dermatitis were enrolled and patch tested using the Indian Standard Series, parthenium acetone extracts (1:50, 1:100 and 1:200 dilutions) and patient material. Patches were applied in duplicate on either side of the back, using a random number table. One set of patches was removed after 24‐h of occlusion, while the other set after 48‐h. Readings were performed at 48‐ and 96‐h by two independent dermatologists, blinded to the duration of occlusion.ResultsThe study had 97 adult patients (58 males and 39 females; mean age: 48.12 ± 13.07 years). A total of 133 and 142 positive reactions were observed after 48 h occlusion at 48 and 96 h reading, respectively. Of these 117 (87.9%) and 132 (92.9%) patches were positive and concordant and noted at 24 h occlusion time. The Cohen's kappa coefficient were 0.94 for 48 h and 0.97 for 96 h reading, hence showing an almost complete agreement (ⱪ > 0.81) between patches occluded for 24 and 48 h.ConclusionThough there is no significant difference in patch test positivity among ISS allergens after either occlusion time, 48 h occlusion performs significantly better compared with 24 h, when reactions of all allergens (ISS, patient material and parthenium acetone extract) are analysed together.
Postoperative outcomes and identification of risk factors for complications after emergency intestinal stoma surgery – a multicentre retrospective study
Authors: MacDonald Scott , Wong Li‐Siang , Ng Hwei Jene , Hastings Claire , Ross Immogen , Quasim Tara , Moug Susan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimApproximately 4000 patients in the UK have an emergency intestinal stoma formed each year. Stoma‐related complications (SRCs) are heterogeneous but have previously been subcategorized into early or late SRCs, with early SRCs generally occurring within 30 days postoperatively. Early SRCs include skin excoriation, stoma necrosis and high output, while late SRCs include parastomal hernia, retraction and prolapse. There is a paucity of research on specific risk factors within the emergency cohort for development of SRCs. This paper aims to describe the incidence of SRCs after emergency intestinal surgery and to identify potential risk factors for SRCs within this cohort.MethodConsecutive patients undergoing emergency formation of an intestinal stoma (colostomy, ileostomy or jejunostomy) were identified prospectively from across three acute hospital sites over a 3‐year period from the ELLSA (Emergency Laparotomy and Laparoscopic Scottish Audit) database. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 1 year. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for early and late SRCs.ResultsA total of 455 patients were included (median follow‐up 19 months, median age 64 years, male:female 0.52, 56.7% ileostomies). Early SRCs were experienced by 54.1% of patients, while 51% experienced late SRCs. A total of 219 patients (48.1%) had their stoma sited preoperatively. Risk factors for early SRCs included end ileostomy formation [OR 3.51 (2.24–5.49), p < 0.001], while preoperative stoma siting was found to be protective [OR 0.53 (0.35–0.83), p = 0.005]. Patient obesity [OR 3.11 (1.92–5.03), p < 0.001] and reoperation for complications following elective surgery [OR 4.18 (2.01–8.69), p < 0.001] were risk factors for late SRCs.ConclusionStoma‐related complications after emergency surgery are common. Preoperative stoma siting is the only truly modifiable risk factor to reduce SRCs, and further research should be aimed at methods of improving the frequency and accuracy of this in the emergency setting.
Mapping an endangered living fossil's distribution, threats, and protection coverage
Authors: Contardo Juan , Labra Antonieta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSpecies Distribution Models have emerged in recent decades as a powerful tool for biodiversity research, as they allow, for example, assessing the status of species in their whole distributions. These models have been particularly helpful in demonstrating that amphibian populations are at high risk, with many declining and others already extinct. Here, we assessed the potential distribution of the helmeted water toad (Calyptocephalella gayi), an endemic Chilean amphibian considered a living fossil and cataloged as vulnerable, which requires significant conservation efforts. We modeled the species' potential distribution using the Maximum Entropy (Maxent) approach and determined the overlap with national protected areas. In addition, we conducted a geospatial risk analysis to estimate the threat level to which this toad is being subjected. The potential distribution ofC. gayiranges from 28°S to 44°S, mainly explained by altitude, mean diurnal temperature range, slope, and distance to water bodies. Protected areas only cover 3.55% of the species' potential geographic distribution, which is of concern, considering that the geospatial risk analysis showed that 60.61% ofC. gayi's distribution is subjected to extreme and high risks. We discuss how these results are relevant to focusing and directing efficient protection and conservation efforts for this species shortly.
Natural intestinal metabolite xylitol reduces BRD4 levels to mitigate renal fibrosis
Authors: Tan Zhouke , Wang Ze , Zeng Qianglin , Liu Xiaoyou , Zhang Yamei , Li Shujue , Huang Junlin , Zeng Yunong , Huang Zongshun , Jin Can , Fu Ningying , Zhao Qian , Mu Yingsong , Wang Ziyi , Xiao Jie , Yang Hong , Ke Guibao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRenal fibrosis is a typical pathological change from chronic kidney disease (CKD) to end‐stage renal failure, which presents significant challenges in prevention and treatment. The progression of renal fibrosis is closely associated with the “gut‐kidney axis,” therefore, although clinical intervention to modulate the “gut‐kidney axis” imbalance associated with renal fibrosis brings hope for its treatment. In this study, we first identified the close relationship between renal fibrosis development and the intestinal microenvironment through fecal microtransplantation and non‐absorbable antibiotics experiments. Then, we analyzed the specific connection between the intestinal microenvironment and renal fibrosis using microbiomics and metabolomics, screening for the differential intestinal metabolite. Potential metabolite action targets were initially identified through network simulation of molecular docking and further verified by molecular biology experiment. We used flow cytometry, TUNEL apoptosis staining, immunohistochemistry, and Western blotting to assess renal injury and fibrosis extent, exploring the potential role of gut microbial metabolite in renal fibrosis development. We discovered that CKD‐triggered alterations in the intestinal microenvironment exacerbate renal injury and fibrosis. When metabolomic analysis was combined with experiments in vivo, we found that the differential metabolite xylitol delays renal injury and fibrosis development. We further validated this hypothesis at the cellular level. Mechanically, bromodomain‐containing protein 4 (BRD4) protein exhibits strong binding with xylitol, and xylitol alleviates renal fibrosis by inhibiting BRD4 and its downstream transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) pathway. In summary, our findings suggest that the natural intestinal metabolite xylitol mitigates renal fibrosis by inhibiting the BRD4‐regulated TGF‐β pathway.
Infant sustained attention differs by context and social content in the first 2 years of life
Authors: Bradshaw Jessica , Fu Xiaoxue , Richards John E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSustained attention (SA) is an endogenous form of attention that emerges in infancy and reflects cognitive engagement and processing. SA is critical for learning and has been measured using different methods during screen‐based and interactive contexts involving social and nonsocial stimuli. How SA differs by measurement method, context, and stimuli across development in infancy is not fully understood. This 2‐year longitudinal study examines attention using one measure of overall looking behavior and three measures of SA—mean look duration, percent time in heart rate‐defined SA, and heart rate change during SA—in N = 53 infants from 1 to 24 months across four unique task conditions: social videos, nonsocial videos, social interactions (face‐to‐face play), and nonsocial interactions (toy engagement). Results suggest that developmental changes in attention differ by measurement method, task context (screen or interaction), and task stimulus (social or nonsocial). During social interactions, overall looking and look durations declined after age 3–4 months, whereas heart rate‐defined attention measures remained stable. All SA measures were greater for videos than for live interaction conditions throughout the first 6 months, but SA to social and nonsocial stimuli within each task context were equivalent. In the second year of life, SA measured with look durations was greater for social videos compared to other conditions, heart rate‐defined SA was greater for social videos compared to nonsocial interactions, and heart rate change during SA was similar across conditions. Together, these results suggest that different measures of attention to social and nonsocial stimuli may reflect unique developmental processes and are important to compare and consider together, particularly when using infant attention as a marker of typical or atypical development.Research Highlights
Attention measure, context, and social content uniquely differentiate developmental trajectories of attention in the first 2 years of life.
Overall looking to caregivers during dyadic social interactions declines significantly from 4 to 6 months of age while sustained attention (SA) to caregivers remains stable.
Heart rate‐defined SA generally differentiates stimulus context where infants show greater SA while watching videos than while engaging with toys.
Firm survival and the rise of the factory
Authors: Berger Thor , Ostermeyer Vinzent 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper uses longitudinal establishment‐level data to trace the rise of the factory during Sweden's industrialization between 1864 and 1890. We document a sharp shift from the small artisan shop to the mechanized factory, which can largely be ascribed to differences in survival. Whilst non‐mechanized establishments could compete with the factory during early industrialization, a distinct survival advantage of the factory appeared at later stages of industrialization. The evolving advantage of the factory can mainly be attributed to its larger scale, labour productivity, and technology use. By the end of the nineteenth century, these factors became increasingly important determinants of firm survival.
Homocysteine‐potentiated Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 promotes senescence of neuroblastoma 2a cells via inhibiting ubiquitination of β‐catenin
Authors: Zhang Yao , Xie Jia‐Zhao , Jiang Yan‐Li , Yang Shao‐Juan , Wei Hui , Yang Ying , Wang Jian‐Zhi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElevated serum homocysteine (Hcy) level is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and accelerates cell aging. However, the mechanism by which Hcy induces neuronal senescence remains largely unknown. In this study, we observed that Hcy significantly promoted senescence in neuroblastoma 2a (N2a) cells with elevated β‐catenin and Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (KEAP1) levels. Intriguingly, Hcy promoted the interaction between KEAP1 and the Wilms tumor gene on the X chromosome (WTX) while hampering the β‐catenin‐WTX interaction. Mechanistically, Hcy attenuated the methylation level of the KEAP1 promoter CpG island and activated KEAP1 transcription. However, a slow degradation rate rather than transcriptional activation contributed to the high level of β‐catenin. Hcy‐upregulated KEAP1 competed with β‐catenin to bind to WTX. Knockdown of both β‐catenin and KEAP1 attenuated Hcy‐induced senescence in N2a cells. Our data highlight a crucial role of the KEAP1‐β‐catenin pathway in Hcy‐induced neuronal‐like senescence and uncover a promising target for AD treatment.