bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Moral Values: Situationally Defined Individual Differences
Authors: Scott Elizabeth D. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:This article suggests that there are individual differences in how people define important moral values, and that these differences are made manifest in differences in the situations. It identifies five dimensions along which individuals can differ in their understandings of values: 1)value category(where the value lies in the hierarchy), 2)agent(how voluntary the action is and whether it is morally required of the agent), 3)object(how close the self is to the object of the action; whether the action offends God) 4)effect(whether the effect of the action is to harm or help), and 5)intention(whether the intention of the action is to harm or help). It then addresses four important values entailing moral dimensions: respect for life, respect for property, honest communication, and respect for religion. The article suggests that empirical research, classroom teaching, and business practice can be strengthened by considering these dimensions.
Book Reviews
Authors: Herring Horace , Pearson Chris , Lanz Tobias J. , Oosthoek Jan , Coates Peter 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
John Wills, Conservation Fallout: Nuclear Protest at Diablo Canyon (HORACE HERRING)
Frank Uekoetter, The Green and the Brown: A History of Conservation in Nazi Germany (CHRIS PEARSON)
Edward I. Steinhart, Black Poachers, White Hunters: A Social History of Hunting in Colonial Kenya (TOBIAS J. LANZ)
T.C. Smout, Alan R. MacDonald and Fiona Watson, A History of the Native Woodlands of Scotland, 1500-1920 (JAN OOSTHOEK)
Stephen R. Mark, Preserving the Living Past: John C. MerriamÕs Legacy in the State and National Parks (PETER COATES)
Harold K. Steen (ed.), Jack Ward Thomas: The Journals of a Forest Service Chief (JAN OOSTHOEK)
Risk factors for suicide in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: A population‐based study
Authors: Wang Chao , Chen Haoda , Weng Yuanchi , Deng Xiaxing , Wang Weishen , Shen Baiyong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients diagnosed with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) face a notable risk of suicide. However, comprehensive population‐based studies on suicide risk in PDAC patients have been lacking. This study seeks to explore the suicide risk in PDAC patients and identify the specific risk factors associated with suicide‐related mortality.MethodsA cohort of 101,382 PDAC patients was extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database, spanning from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2017. The study employed the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) to assess the relative risk of suicide in PDAC patients compared to the general US population. The Nelson–Aalen estimator and the Fine and Grey method were utilized to pinpoint the risk factors linked to suicide‐specific mortality.ResultsPDAC patients exhibited a 3.51‐fold higher risk of suicide compared to the general US population. This risk demonstrated an upward trend over the years. Notably, individuals aged 70–74 years faced a significantly elevated risk of suicide (SMR = 5.14, 95% CI: 3.10–8.03). Furthermore, there were distinct peaks in suicide risk at 1–4‐ and 25–28‐month post‐diagnoses (SMR = 15.04 and 2.72, respectively). Factors, such as gender, chemotherapy status, and marital status, emerged as significant independent predictors of suicide‐specific mortality in PDAC patients.ConclusionsThis study highlights a heightened suicide risk among PDAC patients in comparison to the general US population. It underscores the crucial need for continuous monitoring of the psychological well‐being of all PDAC patients. Additionally, considering the elevated risk, the application of antidepressant therapy could be beneficial for those identified as having a higher risk of suicide.
Hybrid Hydrogels for Immunoregulation and Proangiogenesis through Mild Heat Stimulation to Accelerate Whole‐Process Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: Guo Qianru , Yin Tianyu , Huang Wei , Nan Rui , Xiang Tao , Zhou Shaobing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntense and persistent oxidative stress, excessive inflammation, and impaired angiogenesis severely hinder diabetic wound healing. Bioactive hydrogel dressings with immunoregulatory and proangiogenic properties have great promise in treating diabetic wounds. However, the therapeutic effects of dressings always depend on drugs with side effects, expensive cytokines, and cell therapies. Herein, a novel dynamic borate‐bonds crosslinked hybrid multifunctional hydrogel dressings with photothermal properties are developed to regulate the microenvironment of diabetic wound sites and accelerate the whole process of its healing without additional medication. The hydrogel is composed of phenylboronic acid‐modified chitosan and hyaluronic acid (HA) crosslinked by tannic acid (TA) through borate bonds and Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) with photothermal response characteristics are embedded in the polymer networks. The results indicate hydrogels show inherent broad‐spectrum antioxidative activities through the integrated interaction of borate bonds, TA, and PBNPs. Meanwhile, combined with the regulation of macrophage phenotype by HA, the inflammatory microenvironment of diabetic wounds is transformed. Moreover, the angiogenesis is then enhanced by the mild photothermal effect of PBNPs, followed by promoted epithelialization and collagen deposition. In summary, this hybrid hydrogel system accelerates all stages of wound repair through antioxidative stress, immunomodulation, and proangiogenesis, showing great potential applications in diabetic wound management.
Stable and Highly Active Single Atom Configurations for Photocatalytic H2 Generation
Authors: Wang Yue , Denisov Nikita , Qin Shanshan , Gonçalves Danielle Santos , Kim Hyesung , Sarma Bidyut Bikash , Schmuki Patrik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe employment of single atoms (SAs), especially Pt SAs, as co‐catalysts in photocatalytic H2 generation has gained significant attention due to their exceptional efficiency. However, a major challenge in their application is the light‐induced agglomeration of these SAs into less active nanosized particles under photocatalytic conditions. This study addresses the stability and reactivity of Pt SAs on TiO2 surfaces by investigating various post‐deposition annealing treatments in air, Ar, and Ar‐H2 environments at different temperatures. It is described that annealing in an Ar‐H2 atmosphere optimally stabilizes SA configurations, forming stable 2D rafts of assembled SAs ≈0.5–1 nm in diameter. These rafts not only resist light‐induced agglomeration but also exhibit significantly enhanced H2 production efficiency. The findings reveal a promising approach to maintaining the high reactivity of Pt SAs while overcoming the critical challenge of their stability under photocatalytic conditions.
Bipolaronic Motifs Induced Spatially Separated Catalytic Sites for Tunable Syngas Photosynthesis From CO2
Authors: Zhao Chengfeng , Yang Chao , Lv Ximeng , Wang Shengyao , Hu Cejun , Zheng Gengfeng , Han Qing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of CO2 into syngas is a promising way to tackle the energy and environmental challenges; however, it remains a challenge to achieve reaction decoupling of CO2 reduction and water splitting. Therefore, efficient production of syngas with a suitable CO/H2 ratio for Fischer–Tropsch synthesis can hardly be achieved. Herein, bipolaronic motifs including Co(II)‐pyridine N motifs and Co(II)‐imine N motifs are rationally designed into a crystalline imine‐linked 1,10‐phenanthroline‐5,6‐dione‐based covalent organic framework (bp‐Co‐COF) with a triazine core. These featured structures with spatially separated active sites exhibit efficient photocatalytic performance toward CO2‐to‐syngas conversion with a suitable CO/H2 ratio (1:1−1:3). The bipolaronic motifs enable a highly separated electron–hole state, whereby the Co(II)‐pyridine N motifs tend to be the active sites for CO2 activation and accelerate the hydrogenation to form *COOH intermediates; whilst, the Co(II)‐imine N motifs increase surface hydrophilicity for H2 evolution. The photocatalytic reductions of CO2 and H2O thus decouple and proceed via a concerted way on the bipolaronic motifs of bp‐Co‐COF. The optimal bp‐Co‐COF photocatalyst achieves a high syngas evolution rate of 15.8 mmol g−1 h−1 with CO/H2 ratio of 1:2, outperforming previously reported COF‐based photocatalysts.
EZH2 Inhibition Enhances PD‐L1 Protein Stability Through USP22‐Mediated Deubiquitination in Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Huang Jiaqi , Yin Qianqian , Wang Yuqing , Zhou Xin , Guo Yunyun , Tang Yuanjun , Cheng Rui , Yu Xiaotong , Zhang Jie , Huang Chen , Huang Zhanya , Zhang Jianlin , Guo Zhengyang , Huo Xiao , Sun Yan , Li Yanfang , Wang Hao , Yang Jianling , Xue Lixiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe regulation of PD‐L1 is the key question, which largely determines the outcome of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) based therapy. However, besides the transcription level, the protein stability of PD‐L1 is closely correlated with its function and has drawn increasing attention. In this study, EZH2 inhibition enhances PD‐L1 expression and protein stability, and the deubiquitinase ubiquitin‐specific peptidase 22 (USP22) is identified as a key mediator in this process. EZH2 inhibition transcriptionally upregulates USP22 expression, and upregulated USP22 further stabilizes PD‐L1. Importantly, a combination of EZH2 inhibitors with anti‐PD‐1 immune checkpoint blockade therapy improves the tumor microenvironment, enhances sensitivity to immunotherapy, and exerts synergistic anticancer effects. In addition, knocking down USP22 can potentially enhance the therapeutic efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors on colon cancer. These findings unveil the novel role of EZH2 inhibitors in tumor immune evasion by upregulating PD‐L1, and this drawback can be compensated by combining ICI immunotherapy. Therefore, these findings provide valuable insights into the EZH2‐USP22‐PD‐L1 regulatory axis, shedding light on the optimization of combining both immune checkpoint blockade and EZH2 inhibitor‐based epigenetic therapies to achieve more efficacies and accuracy in cancer treatment.
Bacteria Synergized with PD‐1 Blockade Enhance Positive Feedback Loop of Cancer Cells‐M1 Macrophages‐T Cells in Glioma
Authors: Chen Qi , Zheng Yuyi , Chen Xiaojie , Xing Yuan , Zhang Jiajie , Yan Xinyi , Zhang Qi , Wu Di , Chen Zhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCancer immunotherapy is an attractive strategy because it stimulates immune cells to target malignant cells by regulating the intrinsic activity of the immune system. However, due to lacking many immunologic markers, it remains difficult to treat glioma, a representative “cold” tumor. Herein, to wake the “hot” tumor immunity of glioma, Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is customized with a coating to create an immunogenic tumor microenvironment and further prove the effect in combination with the immune checkpoint agent anti‐PD‐1, exhibiting elevated therapeutic efficacy. This is accomplished not by enhancing the delivery of PD‐1 blockade to enhance the effect of immunotherapy, but by introducing bacterial photothermal therapy to promote greater involvement of M1 cells in the immune response. After reaching glioma, the bacteria further target glioma cells and M2 phenotype macrophages selectively, enabling precise photothermal conversion for lysing tumor cells and M2 phenotype macrophages, which thereby enhances the positive feedback loop of cancer cells‐M1 macrophages‐T cells. Collectively, the bacteria synergized with PD‐1 blockade strategy may be the key to overcoming the immunosuppressive glioma microenvironment and improving the outcome of immunotherapy toward glioma.
Fatty Acid Oxidation Supports Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Cancer via Acetyl‐CoA‐Mediated Stemness
Authors: Yuan Li , Jiang Hongye , Jia Yan , Liao Yuandong , Shao Caixia , Zhou Yijia , Li Jiaying , Liao Yan , Huang Hua , Pan Yuwen , Wen Weijia , Zhao Xueyuan , Chen Linna , Jing Xu , Pan Chaoyun , Wang Wei , Yao Shuzhong , Zhang Chunyu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that metabolic reprogramming of cancer cells supports the energy and metabolic demands during tumor metastasis. However, the metabolic alterations underlying lymph node metastasis (LNM) of cervical cancer (CCa) have not been well recognized. In the present study, it is found that lymphatic metastatic CCa cells have reduced dependency on glucose and glycolysis but increased fatty acid oxidation (FAO). Inhibition of carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A (CPT1A) significantly compromises palmitate‐induced cell stemness. Mechanistically, FAO‐derived acetyl‐CoA enhances H3K27 acetylation (H3K27Ac) modification level in the promoter of stemness genes, increasing stemness and nodal metastasis in the lipid‐rich nodal environment. Genetic and pharmacological loss of CPT1A function markedly suppresses the metastatic colonization of CCa cells in tumor‐draining lymph nodes. Together, these findings propose an effective method of cancer therapy by targeting FAO in patients with CCa and lymph node metastasis.
Neutrophil Targeting Platform Reduces Neutrophil Extracellular Traps for Improved Traumatic Brain Injury and Stroke Theranostics
Authors: Mu Qingchun , Yao Kai , Syeda Madiha Zahra , Wan Jinlong , Cheng Qian , You Zhen , Sun Rui , Zhang Yufei , Zhang Huamiao , Lu Yuting , Luo Zhicheng , Li Yang , Liu Fuyao , Liu Huiping , Zou Xinyu , Zhu Yanfen , Peng Kesong , Huang Chunming , Chen Xiaoyuan , Tang Longguang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTraumatic brain injuries (TBI) and stroke are major causes of morbidity and mortality in both developing and developed countries. The complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology of TBI and cerebral ischemia‐reperfusion injury (CIRI), in addition to the blood‐brain barrier (BBB) resistance, is a major barrier to the advancement of diagnostics and therapeutics. Clinical data showed that the severity of TBI and stroke is positively correlated with the number of neutrophils in peripheral blood and brain injury sites. Furthermore, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils correlate with worse TBI and stroke outcomes by impairing revascularization and vascular remodeling. Therefore, targeting neutrophils to deliver NETs inhibitors to brain injury sites and reduce the formation of NETs can be an optimal strategy for TBI and stroke therapy. Herein, the study designs and synthesizes a reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐responsive neutrophil‐targeting delivery system loaded with peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) inhibitor, GSK484, to prevent the formation of NETs in brain injury sites, which significantly inhibited neuroinflammation and improved neurological deficits, and improved the survival rate of TBI and CIRI. This strategy may provide a groundwork for the development of targeted theranostics of TBI and stroke.
VLDL and LDL Subfractions Enhance the Risk Stratification of Individuals Who Underwent Epstein–Barr Virus‐Based Screening for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: A Multicenter Cohort Study
Authors: Zhou Zhenhua , Tang Tingxi , Li Nan , Zheng Qiaocong , Xiao Ting , Tian Yunming , Sun Jianda , Zhang Longshan , Wang Xiaoqing , Wang Yingqiao , Ye Feng , Chen Zekai , Zhang Hanbin , Zheng Xiuting , Cai Zhen , Liu Laiyu , Guan Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSerological tests for Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) antibodies have been widely conducted for the screening of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in endemic areas. Further risk stratification of NPC can be achieved through plasma lipoprotein and metabolic profiles. A total of 297 NPC patients and 149 EBV‐positive participants are enrolled from the NCT03919552 and NCT05682703 cohorts for plasma nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomic analysis. Small, dense very low density lipoprotein particles (VLDL‐5) and large, buoyant low density lipoprotein particles (LDL‐1) are found to be closely associated with nasopharyngeal carcinogenesis. Herein, an NMR‐based risk score (NRS), which combines lipoprotein subfractions and metabolic biomarkers relevant to NPC, is developed and well validated within a multicenter cohort. Combining the median cutoff value of the NRS (N50) with that of the serological test for EBV antibodies, the risk stratification model achieves a satisfactory performance in which the area under the curve (AUC) is 0.841 (95% confidence interval: 0.811‐0.871), and the positive predictive value (PPV) reaches 70.08% in the combined cohort. These findings not only suggest that VLDL‐5 and LDL‐1 particles can serve as novel risk factors for NPC but also indicate that the NRS has significant potential in personalized risk prediction for NPC.
Structural Changes in the Carbon Sphere of a Dirhodium Complex Induced by Redox or Deprotonation Reactions
Authors: Schweinzer Clara , Coburger Peter , Grützmacher Hansjörg 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA carbon‐rich molecule is synthesized, which mainly contains conjugated sp2 and sp hybridized carbon centers. Alkenyl and alkynyl binding sites are arranged such that this compound serves as ligand to a binuclear metal unit with a RhI─RhI bond. Furthermore, CH units are placed in proximity to the metal centers. The dicationic complex [Rh2(bipy)2{Ph2Ptrop(C≡CCy)2}]2+(OTf−)2 allows to study possible responses of the carbon‐framework to redox reactions as well as deprotonation reactions. All products are, whenever possible, characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methods, NMR and EPR spectroscopy as well as electrochemical methods. It is shown that the carbon skeleton of the ligand framework undergoes C─C bond rearrangement reactions of remarkable diversity. In combination with DFT (density functional theory) studies, these results allow to gain insight into the electronic structure changes caused by metal sites in a carbon‐rich environment, which may be of relevance for the properties of metal particles on carbon support materials when they are exposed to hydrogen, electrons, or protons.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on short‐term outcomes after pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer: A retrospective study from the Japanese National Clinical Database, 2018–2021
Authors: Takemura Yusuke , Endo Hideki , Hibi Taizo , Nakano Yutaka , Seishima Ryo , Takeuchi Masashi , Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Maeda Hiromichi , Hanazaki Kazuhiro , Taketomi Akinobu , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Seto Yasuyuki , Ueno Hideki , Mori Masaki , Kitagawa Yuko 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic greatly impacted medical resources such as cancer screening, diagnosis, and treatment given to people for various diseases. We surveyed the impacts of the pandemic on the incidence of complications and mortality following pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer in Japan.MethodsData on patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer were extracted from the Japanese National Clinical Database (NCD) between 2018 and 2021. The number of the pancreaticoduodenectomy for pancreatic cancer were obtained and then the morbidity and mortality rates were evaluated using a standardized morbidity/mortality ratio (SMR), which is the ratio of the observed number of incidences to the expected number of incidences calculated by the risk calculator previously developed by the NCD.ResultsThis study included 22 255 cases. The number of pancreaticoduodenectomies exhibited an increasing trend even during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The mean observed incidence rates of Grade C pancreatic fistula and Clavien–Dindo grade ≥4 complications, and the 30‐day mortality and surgical mortality rates were 0.8%, 1.8%, 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively. The standardized morbidity ratios did not increase during the COVID‐19 pandemic. The standardized mortality ratios remained within the range of variations observed before the COVID‐19 pandemic.ConclusionThe increasing trend in the number of pancreaticoduodenectomies and favorable short‐term outcomes even in the COVID‐19 pandemic suggest the medical care for pancreatic cancer in Japan functioned well during the pandemic.
Novel Stereo‐Induction Pattern in Pudovik Addition/Phospha‐Brook Rearrangement Towards Chiral Trisubstituted Allenes
Authors: Zheng Jia‐Yan , Wang Fan , Zhang Yan , Zheng Zheng , Wu Jia‐Hong , Ren Xiaoyu , Su Zhishan , Chen Wenchuan , Wang Tianli 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the significance of chiral allene skeletons in catalysis, organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry et al., there is a scarcity of reports on axially chiral allenyl phosphorus compounds. Here, we disclosed an efficient and straightforward cascade reaction between ethynyl ketones and phosphine oxides, resulting in a broad array of trisubstituted allenes incorporating a phosphorus moiety in high yields with excellent stereoselectivities facilitated by peptide‐mimic phosphonium salt (PPS) catalysis, Additionally, comprehensive series of mechanistic experiments have been conducted to elucidate that this cascade reaction proceeds via an asymmetric Pudovik addition reaction followed by a subsequent phospha‐Brook rearrangement that occurs concomitantly with kinetic resolution, representing a stereospecific rearrangement and protonation process facilitating central‐to‐axial chirality transfer in a cascade manner. We anticipate that our research will pave the way for a promising exploration of novel stereo‐induction pattern in the Pudovik addition/phospha‐Brook rearrangement cascade reaction.
Biosynthesis of Strained Amino Acids by a PLP‐Dependent Enzyme through Cryptic Halogenation
Authors: Sosa Max B. , Leeman Jacob T. , Washington Lorenzo J. , Scheller Henrik V. , Chang Michelle C. Y. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmino acids (AAs) are modular building blocks which nature uses to synthesize both macromolecules, such as proteins, and small molecule natural products, such as alkaloids and non‐ribosomal peptides. While the 20 main proteinogenic AAs display relatively limited side chain diversity, a wide range of non‐canonical amino acids (ncAAs) exist that are not used by the ribosome for protein synthesis, but contain a broad array of structural features and functional groups. In this communication, we report the discovery of the biosynthetic pathway for a new ncAA, pazamine, which contains a cyclopropane ring formed in two steps. In the first step, a chlorine is added onto the C4 position of lysine by a radical halogenase, PazA. The cyclopropane ring is then formed in the next step by a pyridoxal‐5′‐phosphate‐dependent enzyme, PazB, via an SN2‐like attack at C4 to eliminate chloride. Genetic studies of this pathway in the native host, Pseudomonas azotoformans, show that pazamine potentially inhibits ethylene biosynthesis in growing plants based on alterations in the root phenotype of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. We further show that PazB can be utilized to make an alternative cyclobutane‐containing AA. These discoveries may lead to advances in biocatalytic production of specialty chemicals and agricultural biotechnology.