bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cross-disciplinary AI supply chain risk assessment
Authors: Davies Gareth , Mison Angela , Ward Richard 
Published: March 2024

While AI remains chip based and part of both commercial and national strategic superiority goals, it is useful to examine the security and risks associated with achieving those goals. The future strategy rests perilously on an unstable inverted triangle of financial and economic reality. This paper presents the AI chip supply chain as an inverted triangle which base/apex is dependent on a global single supplier with the capability of producing equipment essential for their manufacture. It highlights the dependence on a single company for the fabrication of those chips, and the security risks associated with that supplier being Taiwanese in limited foreign ownership. It is suggested that the increasing tensions between China and the USA have resulted, in part, from this dependence, which was demonstrated by the supply chain crisis resulting from Covid-19. The attempt to reduce this dependence led to the CHIPS and Science Act 2022, signed into law by President Biden. In part of the inverted triangle are found Big Tech and the major Cloud Service Providers. They vary between 60% - 80% of their market capital being in financial institutional ownership, most of which is held by a very limited number of institutions, not all of whom are publicly quoted. To doubt the influence wielded by those financial institutions, just a single institution with major Big Tech and Cloud holdings has, at 31 December 2022, USD 8.59 trillion of assets under management. This represents economic power and places it between the equivalent Gross Domestic Product of China (USD 19.37 trillion) and Japan (USD 4.41 trillion) the second and third entries behind the USA in the GDP rankings. Financial institutions are market driven to achieve growth, contribute to economic stability, and are to an extent regulated by unelected vested interests and organisations. The battlefield for national supremacy of AI may concern chips, until the arrival of quantum AI. Current Chinese economic woes are providing the momentum for pre-emptive strikes at the semiconductor industry, and an inverted triangle is neither a secure nor stable structure for a supply chain.
Pemikiran Politik Islam Dari Revivalis, Liberal, Dan Substansi
Authors: Argenti Gili 
Published: March 2024

Relasi antara Islam dengan politik tidak tunggal, pemikiran politik Islam terbagi ke dalam tiga varian besar, yaitu revivalis, liberal, dan substansi. Ketiganya memiliki tokoh pemikir sekaligus pengikut. Artikel ini bertujuan menjelaskan konsep pemikiran politik Islam dari para ilmuwan Islam dari masa ke masa, sehingga kita memahami keragaman serta perbedaan pemikirannya. Pengumpulan data dalam artikel ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan semua pemikir Islam konsen menjadikan negara sebagai pusat kajian, tetapi mereka memilki perbedaan mengenai bentuk kenegaraan. Terdapat varian pemikiran Islam politik ketika melihar relasi antara agama dengan negara. Pemikiran revivalis memiliki kayakinan Islam merupakan agama yang sempurna termasuk dalam kehidupan bernegara. Pemikiran liberal bahwa Islam sebatas agama mengatur aspek spiritual, tidak boleh ikut campur tangan mengurusi kenegaraan. Pemikiran substansi Islam menyediakan pandangan-pandangan etis bagi pengaturan masyarakat dan negara, tetapi menolak formalisme Islam dalam kenegaraan.
Aplikasi Penggunaan SMS Untuk Pengajuan Kerja Praktik Mahasiswa
Authors: Yusuf Dani 
Published: March 2024

Salah satu layanan di kampus yang dapat menerapkan teknologi SMS adalah pengajuan Kerja Praktik ke perusahaan. Kerja Praktik adalah salah satu matakuliah wajib beberapa program studi yang harus diikuti oleh setiap mahasiswa. Namun saat ini masih banyak banyak kampus menggunakan cara manual dalam pengajuan kerja praktik ke staff fakultas maupun ke program studi dengan cara mengisi lembar permohonan kerja praktik kemudian diserahkan ke bagian administrasi untuk diproses yang terkadang memerlukan waktu yang cukup lama. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai perancangan aplikasi pengajuan kerja praktik di lingkungan kampus dengan memanfaatkan teknologi SMS. Sistem layanan SMS Gateway yang dikembangkan disamping melayani pengajuan kerja praktik juga dapat digunakan untuk pengiriman SMS massal untuk keperluan penyebaran informasi kepada para dosen dan mahasiswa. Sistem yang dikembangkan berbasis Intranet untuk jaringan kampus dengan bahasa pemrograma PHP dan penyimpanan database menggunakan MySQL. Tujuan dari penggunaan aplikasi ini adalah untuk mempercepat proses pengajuan kerja praktik mahasiswa, mengurangi penggunaan kertas dan diharapkan dapat digunakan di lingkungan kampus yang di dalamnya ada matakuliah Kerja Praktik. Manfaat yang diharapkan dari perancangan sistem ini adalah mempercepat proses pengajuan kerja praktik, mengurangi kemungkinan kesalahan tulis nama tempat kerja praktik oleh petugas, memudahkan bagian administrasi dalam menyebaran informasi, mengurangi penggunaan kertas dapat dipakai oleh instansi lainnya yang ingin menerapkan sistem pengajuan kerja praktik menggunakan SMS Gateway.
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS KEPITING DI PERAIRAN MOLAS, KECAMATAN BUNAKEN, KOTA MANADO (Identification Of Crab Species in Molas Waters, Bunaken District, Manado City)
Authors: Roring Reygina B.S , Kaligis Erly Y. , Bara Robert A. , Kawung Nickson J. , Mingkid Winda M. 
Published: March 2024

Crustaceans are an important part of the bentic fauna and one of the groups is infra theorderbrachyura. Brachyura crabs cover about 700 genera and about 5000 to 10000 species. Thepurpose of this study is first to identfy the types of crabs, secondly to calculate abundance, thirdly tofind out the environmetal conditions of the surrounding waters both pH, temperature, salinity occupiedby the types of crabs in Molas waters, Bunaken District, Manado Cit. Identification technique based onthe color and shape of the carapace. The data collection location consists of 2 different places (station)which are 150 m between stations. To compelte the data in the field, supporting water quality data wasalso collected such as: temperature, pH, and salinity at each station. Identification results in Molaswaters, Bunaken District, Manado City found 7 types of crabs with the number recorded namely,Austruca annulipes 155 individuals, followed by Ocypode sp 55 individuals, Ocyopde palidula 53individuals, Leptograpsus variegatus 30 individuals, Gelasimus vocans 20 individuals, Aratus pisonii 15individuals and Portunus pelagicus 10 individuals. Based on the analysis of abudance data with thehighest value, namely Crab Austruca annulipes that is1,55 ind/m2. The quality parameters in Molaswaters are temperature 29-30 oC, Salinity ppt 29-30 ppt, pH 6-8.Keywords: Molas, Crabs, Abudance
ABSTRAKKrustasea adalah bagian penting dari fauna bentik dan salah satu kelompok adalah infra ordobrachyura. Kepiting brachyura mencakup sekitar 700 genera dan sekitar 5000 hingga 10.000 spesies.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah yang pertama mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis kepiting, kedua yaitumenghitung kelimpahan, ketiga yaitu mengetahui keadaan lingkungan perairan sekitar baik pH, suhu,salinitas yang di tempati oleh jenis-jenis kepiting di perairan Molas, Kecamatan Bunaken, Kota Manado.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode jelajah. Teknik identifikasi berdasarkan warna serta bentukkarapas. Lokasi pengambilan data terdiri 2 tempat (stasion) berbeda yang berjarak 150 m antar stasion.ntuk melengkapi data di lapangan diambil juga data pendukung kualitas air, seperti: suhu, pH, dansalinitas pada masing-masing stasiun. Hasil identifikasi di Perairan Molas, Kecamatan Bunaken, KotaManado ditemukan 7 jenis kepiting dengan jumlah yang terdata yaitu, Austruca Annulipes yaitu 155individu, kemudian diikuti jenis kepiting Ocypode sp yaitu 55 individu, Ocypode palidula yaitu 53individu, Leptograpsus variegatus yaitu 30 individu, Gelasimus vocans yaitu 20 individu, Aratus pisonii15 individu dan Portunus pelagicus 10 individu. Berdasarkan analisis data kelimpahan dengan nilaitertinggi yakni Kepiting Austruca annulipes yaitu 1,55 ind/m2. Parameter kualitas di perairan Molas yaitusuhu 29-30 oC, salinitas 29-30 ppt, pH 6-8.Kata kunci: Molas, Kepiting, Kelimpahan
UJI TOKSISITAS ANTI KANKER EKSTRAK ALGA COKLAT Padina sp. TERHADAP LARVA UDANG Artemia salina LEACH., DENGAN METODE BRINE SHRIMP LETHALITY TEST
Authors: Kawung Nickson J. , Sumangando Adolfina , Rumampuk Natalie D. , Wagey Billy. Th. 
Published: March 2024

Brown Algae Padina sp are marine biota that have secondary metabolites that are useful in the pharmaceutical field, especially raw materials for anti-cancer drugs. Bioactive compounds suspected of having anti-cancer activity were tested for activity by means of a toxicity test. Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method. The purpose of this study was to test the anticancer activity of the crude extracts of Padina sp against Artemia salina L shrimp larvae using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. Algae samples were taken in the waters of Makupa Village. The activity test was carried out at the Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology and Pharmacy, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Unsrat. The test concentrations used of 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500 ppm, by first making 1000 ppm mother liquor. Data analysis used probit analysis to determine the toxicity value of LC50. The results obtained showed that the increase in concentration was followed by an increase in the number of mortality of the test animals where Padina sp 65%. The results of probit analysis obtained LC50 Padina sp 12.45 mg/l. Based on these data, bioactive compounds from Padina are more toxic, so it can be concluded that the content of bioactive compounds from Padina sp has the potential to be developed as raw materials for anticancer drugs.
Keywords: Anticancer, Padina, Lethtality Test

ABSTRAK

Alga Coklat Padina sp merupakan biota laut yang memiliki metabolit sekunder yang bermanfaat dalam bidang farmasi terutama bahan baku obat anti kanker. Senyawa bioaktif yang diduga memiliki aktivitas anti kanker terlebih dahulu dilakukan pengujian aktivitas dengan cara uji toksisitas. Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu uji aktivitas antikanker dari ekstrak Padina sp terhadap larva udang Artemia salina L dengan menggunakan metode Metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Sampel alga di ambil di Perairan Desa Makupa. Uji aktivitas dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi dan Farmasetika Laut Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Unsrat. Konsentrasi uji menggunakan 10, 50, 100, 250 dan 500, ppm, dengan terlebih dahulu membuat larutan induk 1000 ppm. Analisis data menggunakan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai toksisitas LC50. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa kenaikan konsentrasi diikuti dengan kenaikan jumlah mortalitas hewan uji dimana Padina sp 65%. Hasil analisis probit diperoleh nilai Lethal consentrasi adalah 12.45 mg/l. Berdasarkan data tersebut senyawa bioaktif dari Padina lebih toksik dibandingkan dengan Halimeda sp, sehingga dapat disimpulkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif dari Padina sp berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi bahan baku obat antikanker.
Kata kunci: Antikanker, Padina, Lethality Test
Statistical vibration analysis for predictive maintenance of machines working under large variation of speed and load
Authors: F. Villa Luisa , Reñones Aníbal , R. Perán Jose , J. de Miguel Luis 
Published: March 2024

Prognosis of defects for machines working under large variation of speed and load conditions is a topic still under development. Wind turbines are recent examples of such kind of machines that need reliable diagnosis methods. Vibration analysis can be of very limited use when the speed variation is too high. An effective angular resampling method can be very valuable as the first step of vibration signal processing but it is important to know what are the appropriate variables to be monitored. The authors present a statistical analysis method consisting of a linear model based on the parameters that characterize the system, in our case the variable speed and load, and the fault condition to which the system is subjected. With this method can be determined if the variable analyzed is significant, that is to say if are sensitive to these parameters and hence can detect the fault faster. The aim of implementing this method is to reduce the number of variables to be monitored, resulting in a savings not only in measuring equipment but also in times of processing and analyzing information. The results of vibration analysis of a test-bed working under large variation of speed and load are shown. Different tests with increasing level of defects are tried and the corresponding vibration is analyzed and modeled so an effective detection and prognosis can be done. Taking in to account such variation of speed and load for the vibration modeling can lead to a very sensitive detection of incipient defects.
From measurement collection to remaining useful life estimation: defining a diagnostic-prognostic frame for optimal maintenance scheduling of choke valves undergoing erosion
Authors: Gola Giulio , Helge Nystad Bent 
Published: March 2024

Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) aims at regulating maintenance scheduling based on data analyses and system condition monitoring. Clear advantages of optimizing maintenance scheduling include relevant cost savings and improved safety and plant availability. A critical aspect is the integration of CBM strategies with condition monitoring technologies for handling a wide range of information sources and eventually making optimal decisions on when and what to repair. In this work, a practical case study concerning maintenance of choke valves in offshore oil platforms has been investigated. Choke valves used in offshore oil platforms undergo erosion caused by the sand grains transported by the oil-water-gas mixture extracted from the well. Erosion is a critical problem which can affect the correct functioning of the valves, result in revenue losses and cause environmental hazards. In this respect, this work proposes a diagnostic-prognostic scheme for assessing the actual health state of a choke valve and eventually estimating its Remaining Useful Life (RUL). In particular, the focus has been on the identification of those parameters which contribute to the actual erosion of the choke valve, the development of a model-based approach for calculating a reliable indicator of the choke valve health state, the actual estimation of the choke RUL based on that indicator using statistical approaches and, finally, the investigation of methods to reduce the uncertainty of the RUL estimation by adding highly meaningful knowledge on the erosion state of the choke valve
Key factor identification for energy consumption analysis
Authors: Medina-Oliva Gabriela , Voisin Alexandre , Monnin Maxime , Leger Jean-Baptiste , Iung Benoit 
Published: March 2024

Nowadays the economic, environmental and societal issues concerning energy consumption require a deeper understanding of the factors influencing it. The influencing factors could concern the technical characteristics of the systems, the operational conditions and usage of equipment, the environmental conditions, etc. To understand the main contributing factors a knowledge model with the influencing factors is formalized in the form of an ontology. This ontology model allows to distinguish in a general way the main concepts (i.e. factors) that show higher consumption trends. This way, a preliminary analysis reflecting the key influencing factors could be perform in order to focus later on a deeper analysis with data mining techniques. This paper focuses on the formalizationof an ontology model in the marine domain for energy consumption purposes. Then, the approach is illustrated with an example of a fleet of diesel engines.
Life characterization of power distribution transformers using clustering techniques
Authors: Mulliez Edouard , Sanz-Bobi Miguel A. , Sanchez Alvaro , Mazidi Peyman , Gonzalez Ana , Bachiller Raúl 
Published: March 2024

The current development of the smart grids has considerably increased the amount of research studies around new exploitation paradigms focused on the electrical distribution systems. One of the key elements of electrical distribution networks is the distribution transformer that supports the load that has to feed the consumer needs. This paper aims at characterizing the life of the distribution transformers using clustering techniques. This will make it possible to focus the attention of the Distribution System Operator on particular groups of distribution transformers reducing the amount of information to be analyzed. Also this classification combined with the study of stress indicators for each distribution transformer can be used to complement the criteria used for the network planning and operation.
Near real-time monitor of rail way track adhesion conditions
Authors: Locht Inka Laura Marie , Oosterhof Nikolaas Nuttert 
Published: March 2024

In this paper we examine the possibilities of using sensor data from trains in service to develop a real-time monitor of the adhesion conditions of the rail. In everyday railway operations, low adhesion conditions of the track are an important challenge for railway operators, since these may result in a loss of punctuality, an increase in wear of both wheel and rail, and in an increase of the risk for red signal passage in situations where trains are unable to stop in time. At the same time, prudent driving behavior while the adhesion conditions returned to normal, results in unnecessary train delays. A central issue here is that rail adhesion conditions vary across space and time. To date it is a challenge to give accurate real-time information to both train drivers and infrastructure managers. With real-time monitoring of the adhesion conditions, the drivers can adjust their (de)acceleration control to local adhesion conditions and thereby minimize wear, and the infrastructure managers could improve the track conditions by taking friction enhancing measures.

To monitor the adhesion conditions of the track, we used real-time sensor data from ~20 trains. We designed an algorithm that can diagnose track sections as having either slippery or normal adhesion conditions. Specifically, we trained a logistic classifier on a data set that contained reported rail adhesion conditions as well as sensor data from trains in service, such as information about traction, velocity, excessive wheel slip-/sliding detection, and weight. We then assessed the performance of this classifier using an independent test data set.

This first assessment shows a classification accuracy of approximately 77%, with a ~23% false positive rate and a ~23% false negative rate, when compared to the drivers reporting. Several improvements are proposed to increase the sensitivity, which outline the directions of our future research towards the implementation of a real-time monitor of railway track adhesion conditions.
Lifetime prediction of wind turbine blades using degradation model considering variable load profiles
Authors: Jihin Rosmawati , Do Manh-Hung , S¨offker Dirk 
Published: March 2024

Assessment of fatigue damage, classification of system state, prediction of a remaining life as well as the extension of maintenance intervals become a challenge in structural health monitoring of wind turbines. Almost all wind turbine parts are subjected to different load combinations due to the variation of wind profiles. The dynamic complexity of wind profiles causes limited ability to define failure thresholds, as well as estimating current health status of the system. Due to numerous factors affecting system operation it is hardly possibly to define solutions calculating degradation and related remaining useful lifetime. Various possible degradation scenarios could be arisen due to a variety of circumstances. Instead of using analytical models, in this contribution numerical (data driven) models with the capability to handle such scenarios and providing more effective degradation prediction are used. This allows an increased accuracy for estimating lifetime. A newly introduced state machine-based prognostic model is used to enable flexibility in deterioration modeling while concerningthe relation between load and system lifetime. In addition to the previous development, here a suitable collection of different loads and wear-dependent basic degradation processes are defined to identify the load-lifetime relation. Using core wear units, the real load time series is composed of this units allowing to learn about the effective load-lifetime relation, which is used for training of the state machine lifetime model. To observe model applicability, wind turbine blademoments time series data are used. Then, damage degradation data for various power-dynamic relations generated using a reference software to train this model and work as reference datasets. Results demonstrate the strong potential of the proposed approach for wind turbine lifetime prediction.
Determining the Causes of Train Delays - An Automatic Fuzzy Matching Approach
Authors: Lee Wan-Jui 
Published: March 2024

In order to manage the health of assets, knowledge of conditions on the system level is often required. One of the most common approaches to determine the system conditions is to check the frequency of unplanned or corrective maintenance of considered systems. However unplanned or corrective maintenance usually means the issue has reached an intolerable degree and therefore leaves very limited room to improve the health condition of assets. To depart from the conventional approach of asset health management based on unplanned maintenance, Dutch Railways has decided to focus on operational disturbances, i.e., train delays, due to technical issues of trains in order to determine which system deterioration to investigate at the early stage.
This work introduces the framework of the cause determination system for train delays that has been implemented within Dutch Railways. The cause determination is composed of two parts. One is an automatic fuzzy matching system that will match a delay to the most probable service request assigned by the support center. The causes of 40% of delays can be automatically identified by this method with an accuracy of 95%. This significantly reduces the human hours spent in identifying delay causes. The rest of cause determination is manually carried out by the Delay Analysis by Calling project.
In this project, the calling team will first call train drivers to ask and record the encountered issues and handling procedures, and then the reliability engineers will determine the causes of delays based on these feedbacks. The calling team therefore serves as a feedback channel for drivers and support center and enables us to analyze on the delay handling and advice given by the support center for continuous improvement and development. Another advantage of integrating a highly accurate and robust fuzzy matching system into an interactive cause identification framework that requires input from various business units is that it intrigues interests and builds up trust in data science technology within the organization. This helps us to smoothly introduce this culture change which often is a critical point in transforming into a data-driven organization, especially for the maintenance industry.
Based on the identified delay causes, Dutch Railways has built a Delay Analysis Dashboard which can provide a good overview of system conditions for various fleets, and also provide more possibilities to avoid operational disturbances.