bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in the susceptibility of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae to antimicrobial agents in Quebec (1981–1986)
Authors: Vaillancourt Jean-Pierre , Higgins Robert , Martineau Guy-Pierre , Mittal Khyali R. , Larivière Serge 
Published: February 2025

Summary
An important reduction in the in vitro efficacy of spectinomycin and chloramphenicol was recorded between 1981 and 1986 against the causal agent of porcine pleuropneumonia Actinobacillus. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were carried out by use of Kirby-Bauer dish diffusion technique on a total of 723 isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Results did not agree with those of other reports in which a constant susceptibility to any of the antimicrobial agents tested was reported with serotype 2 isolates. The ability to acquire drug resistance may differ from one serotype to another.
Efficacy of febantel paste against naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle
Authors: Courtney C. H. , Shearer J. K. , Zeng Q. -Y. , Arther R. G. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Twenty calves with naturally acquired gastrointestinal nematode infections were assigned to 10 replicates of 2 calves each and were treated with febantel paste (5 mg/kg of body weight, po) or an equivalent volume of paste vehicle (control calves). Adverse reactions were not observed after febantel treatment. At necropsy, gastrointestinal nematode counts in febantel-treated calves, compared with control calves, were reduced by over 99% for all major species except Trichuris discolor, counts of which were reduced by only 69%. Counts of gastrointestinal nematode eggs in feces of febantel-treated calves were reduced by 100% after treatment.
Nonsurgically managed caudal acetabular fractures in dogs: 15 cases (1979–1984)
Authors: Boudrieau Randy J. , Kleine Lawrence J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 15 dogs with nonsurgically managed caudal one-third acetabular fractures were reviewed. In-hospital evaluation of these dogs was possible 6 to 67 months after injury. Thirteen dogs had radiographic evidence of moderate to severe degenerative joint disease in affected hips. Twelve dogs had decreased hip joint range of motion and/or signs of pain on the affected side, and 7 dogs were lame. Because of limited pain-free motion and degenerative joint disease in most affected hips, results of nonsurgical management of caudal one-third acetabular fractures in dogs were considered unsatisfactory.
Epidemiologie, clinical, pathologic, and prognostic characteristics of splenic hemangiosarcoma and splenic hematoma in dogs: 217 cases (1985)
Authors: Prymak Caroline , McKee Linda J. , Goldschmidt Michael H. , Glickman Lawrence T. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Data on age, sex, and breed were obtained from surgical pathologic records of 92 dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma (shs) and for 125 dogs with splenic hematoma (sha) diagnosed in 1985 at the University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine. Further information on body weight, clinical and surgical findings, and survival time was obtained for 59 dogs (64.1 %) with shs and 91 dogs (72.8%) with sha. Splenic hemangiosarcoma was markedly more common in dogs 8 to 13 years old, and sha was appreciably more common in dogs ≥ 8 years old, compared with dogs 1 to 7 years old. Compared with sexually intact females, only spayed females were at significantly (odds ratio [or], 2.2; 95% confidence interval [ci], 1.2 to 4.1) increased risk for developing shs; sex predisposition was not found for dogs with sha. The German Shepherd Dog was the only breed with increased risk for development of either shs (or, 4.7; 95% ci, 2.7 to 7.8) or sha (or, 2.8; 95% ci, 1.7 to 4.9), compared with all other purebred dogs. Association of tumor type for 7 commonly reported clinical signs with observance of hemoperitoneum at surgery was determined; anorexia (P = 0.01), collapse (P = 0.01), and hemoperitoneum (P<0.001) were significantly more common in dogs with shs. The median survival time for dogs with shs was 19 days, compared with 338 days for dogs with sha (P<0.001). Twelve factors were analyzed to determine their relationship to survival, and 3 were associated with significantly worse prognosis: lethargy (P = 0.002) and anorexia (P = 0.04) in dogs with sha and hemoperitoneum (P = 0.02) in dogs with shs.
Fistulous withers in horses: 14 cases (1978–1987)
Authors: Gaughan Earl M. , Fubini Susan L. , Dietze Amy 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Over an 8-year period, 14 horses were admitted to the New York State College of Veterinary Medicine for evaluation of fistulous withers. Of the 14 horses, 11 were treated surgically and 3 were not treated. Surgical techniques involved radical excision of the affected soft tissue and spinous processes of affected vertebrae. Recurrence rate was 30%, and these horses required additional surgery to resolve the problem.
Advances in canine diabetes mellitus research: Etiopathology and results of islet transplantation
Authors: Alejandro Rodolfo , Feldman Edward C. , Shienvold Frances L. , Mintz Daniel H. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Histopathologic and immunocytochemical alterations in the pancreas of 18 dogs with spontaneous diabetes mellitus were evaluated. In 5 of 18 dogs (28%), extensive pancreatic damage appeared to be responsible for the development of diabetes mellitus. In the other 13 dogs, there was substantial reduction in the number of well-granulated β cells, but the number of well-granulated α and δ cells was normal in 70% and 85% of the dogs, respectively. Also, insulitis lesions composed of infiltrating mononuclear cells, predominantly lymphocytes, were observed in 6 of 13 dogs (46%), but evidence of islet-directed humoral autoimmunity was not detected. Each pancreas had dense Ia (class II antigen) expression on ductal epithelia but not on islet endocrine cells. The importance of the insulitis lesions and class II antigen expression on ductal epithelial cells remains unclear.
Of the 18 dogs, 8 received multidonor intrahepatic islet allografts. Allograft rejection was prevented by administration of cyclosporin. Five dogs were administered cyclosporin continuously. One dog with an allograft failed to sustain euglycemia at 231 days after transplantation, and one dog with fasting euglycemia died of pneumonia at 186 days after transplantation. In the other dogs, euglycemia was sustained for periods that ranged from 253 to 716 days.
Frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of Staphylococcus spp isolated from feline skin lesions
Authors: Medleau Linda , Blue Jack L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Swab specimens obtained from skin lesions of 45 cats were cultured bacteriologically for staphylococci. Thirty-two staphylococcal isolates were recovered from 30 cats and were biotyped, using biochemical tests contained in a staphylococcal identification system. Of 23 isolates considered coagulase-positive, 16 were identified as Staphylococcus aureus, 5 as S intermedius, and 2 as S hyicus. Of 9 isolates considered coagulase-negative, 6 were identified as S simulans, 2 as S epidermidis, and 1 as S xylosus. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done on all staphylococcal isolates, using a disk-diffusion method. Staphylococcal isolates were susceptible to clavulanic acid-amoxicillin, cloxacillin, cephalothin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Resistance to penicillin G, ampicillin, and tetracycline was frequent.
Effects of corticosteroid treatment on survival time in dogs with chronic hepatitis: 151 cases (1977–1985)
Authors: Strombeck Donald R. , Miller Lisa M. , Harrold Doris 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 151 dogs with chronic hepatitis were reviewed. Corticosteroid treatment had a statistically significant (P<0.005) effect on improving survival time when corticosteroid-treated dogs were compared with untreated dogs. Dogs dying within 1 week of examination represented 37.1% of the cases, and when compared with those living more than 1 week, serum glucose concentration was significantly lower (P<0.001); prothrombin time and partial thromboplastin time were significantly longer (P<0.001); blood ammonia concentration after oral administration of ammonium chloride was significantly higher (P<0.05); and necrosis severity and fibrosis severity were significantly greater (P<0.05 and P<0.022, respectively). The best predictors of early death were low normal serum glucose concentration (P<0.001) and prolonged prothrombin time (P<0.030), which was abnormal in 60.0% of dogs dying early. Partial thromboplastin time, which was increased in 92.0% of dogs dying early and in 42.6% of dogs living more than 1 week, was a less reliable predictor. Plasma ammonia concentration after oral administration of NH4Cl was least reliable in predicting early death. In dogs living more than 1 week, hypoalbuminemia was a predictor of shorter survival time (P<0.003). Of all the histologic features evaluated, only necrosis severity and fibrosis severity were accurate predictors of early death. The presence of bridging fibrosis was a predictor of shorter survival time in dogs living more than 1 week (P<0.0002).
Epidural injection of xylazine for perineal analgesia in horses
Authors: LeBlanc P. H. , Caron J. P. , Patterson J. S. , Brown M. , Matta M. A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Local anesthetics given in the epidural space of a horse may cause hind limb weakness in addition to analgesia. Because α2 agonists given by epidural injection cause sensory blockade without motor effects in human beings and other species, their use in veterinary anesthesia is appealing. This study was designed to examine the effectiveness of xylazine HCl, an a, agonist commonly used in horses. Xylazine, 0.9% NaCl, and lidocaine were given by epidural injection to horses subjected to perineal electrical stimulation. Administration of xylazine (0.17 mg/kg of body weight, diluted to a 10-ml volume, using 0.9% NaCl) induced approximately 2.5 hours of local analgesia without apparent side effects. Higher doses of xylazine caused mild hind limb ataxia. Administration of lidocaine induced a similar duration of analgesia, with severe hind limb ataxia (100% incidence). We concluded that xylazine given by epidural injection results in safe, effective perineal analgesia in horses.
Rates of diseases and their associated costs in two Colorado sheep feedlots (1985–1986)
Authors: Salman M. D. , Dargatz D. A. , Kimberling C. V. , Reif J. S. , Hopper G. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Data related to rates of disease and their associated costs were collected for 12 months from 2 sheep feedlots in northern Colorado. There was an apparent seasonal occurrence of many of the diseases. Pneumonia, enterotoxemia, acidosis, and transport tetany accounted for most of the diseases seen in these feedlots and were responsible for most of the economic losses. There was a large difference in the incidence of diseases between the 2 feedlots and in the expenditures for disease prevention between the 2 feedlots.
Efficacy of cefadroxil in the treatment of bacterial dermatitis in dogs
Authors: Angarano Donna Walton , MacDonald John M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Cefadroxil was found to be an effective antibiotic for the treatment of canine bacterial pyoderma. Bacterial pyoderma was diagnosed in 30 dogs, which were treated with cefadroxil administered orally at 22 mg/kg of body weight, q 12 h, for 21 to 30 days. Dogs were reexamined at the conclusion of antibiotic treatment, and 29 were found to have good to excellent response. On the basis of this study, cefadroxil is a good choice in the treatment of canine pyoderma when cephalosporins are necessary. Efficacy, frequency of administration, cost, and veterinary approval are the major advantages.
Impact of trichomoniasis on the cow-calf producer's profitability
Authors: Rae D. O. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Using current knowledge of bovine trichomoniasis, a computer spreadsheet simulation model was developed to contribute to the understanding of the disease dynamics and the disease's impact on calf crop, weaner calf production, and revenue returns. Two disease prevalence simulations were generated with the model. In each simulation, 200 susceptible cows were confined with 5 fertile bulls. In simulation 1, one bull was infected with Tritrichomonas foetus (prevalence, 20%); in simulation 2, 2 bulls were infected (prevalence, 40%). The remaining bulls in these groups were designated noninfected. The disease simulation outcomes for breeding and calving variables were compared with a similar but noninfected model group, simulation 0.
The disease model predicted a reduction of 14 to 50% in annual calf crop, a prolonged breeding season, a reduction of 5 to 12% in the suckling/growing period, a reduction of 4 to 10% in pounds of marketable calf crop at weaning, a reduction of 4 to 10% in monetary return per calf born, and a substantial reduction of 5 to 35% in the return per cow confined with a fertile bull.
Factors affecting the accuracy of the live animal swab test for detecting urine oxytetracycline and predicting oxytetracycline residues in calves
Authors: TerHune Terry N. , Upson Dan W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The live animal swab test (last) was compared with quantitative oxytetracycline (otc) assay of urine samples and tissue specimens to determine the accuracy of the last in detecting otc in bovine urine and predicting violative residues in tissues. When urine otc concentration was > 4.3 μg/ml, the last result was 100% accurate. When urine otc concentration was < 4.3 μg/ml, the last result was 60% accurate; 20% of the last results were false-positive, and 20% were false-negative. Urine osmolarity was highest (P <0.05) in samples with false-positive results and lowest (P <0.05) in samples with false-negative results. A similar trend was observed for urine pH, but was not statistically significant. Urine samples with false-positive results apparently had osmolarity and pH conditions that inhibited growth of Bacillus subtilis when otc was lacking. False-negative results probably were obtained because urine osmolarity and pH conditions were favorable for the growth of bacteria even in the presence of otc or because otc concentration was below the limit of detection by the last. The last was inconsistent in detecting urine otc in small concentrations and correspondingly failed to accurately predict otc residues in tissues.
Pyelonephritis in cows: 15 cases (1982–1986)
Authors: Rebhun W. C. , Dill Stephen G. , Perdrizet John A. , Hatfield C. E. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Medical records of 15 adult cows with a final diagnosis of pyelonephritis were evaluated retrospectively. Only 3 cows had obvious clinical signs that indicated urinary tract disease. Physical examination, including rectal and vaginal examinations, and urine chemical reagent strip screening detected abnormalities in all 15 cows and allowed subsequent confirmation by culture results of urine samples obtained using a catheter.
Bacteriologic cultures of urine revealed Coryne-bacterium renale infection in 6 cows and Escherichia coli infection in 9 cows. Long-term treatment with antimicrobial drugs resulted in recovery in 9 of 11 treated cows. Of these, 4 of 4 cows with C renale infection and 5 of 7 cows with E coli infection recovered; the remaining 2 cows with E coli infection died.
Ulceration in the proximal portion of the urethra as a cause of hematuria in horses: Four cases (1978-1985)
Authors: Lloyd K. C. Kent , Wheat J. D. , Ryan A. M. , Matthews M. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sudden onset of hematuria was associated with mucosal ulceration of the proximal portion of the urethra in 1 stallion and 3 geldings. Hematuria was observed characteristically and consistently at the end of urination. Mucosal ulceration was identified endoscopically in the proximal portion of the urethra at the level of the ischial arch. Biopsy of an ulcerated area of the proximal urethra in one gelding revealed transitional cell carcinoma. Treatment regimens varied from systemic antimicrobial and/or vasoactive therapy to diversion of urinary flow via a temporary perineal urethrostomy. Hematuria resolved in 14 to 24 days (average, 20 days) after treatment was begun, except in one gelding that died of undetermined causes during an initial examination. In the 3 remaining horses, hematuria had not recurred for up to 9 years (average, 1 year).
Clinical features of salmonellosis in cats: Six cases (1981–1986)
Authors: Dow Steven W. , Jones Robert L. , Henik Rosemary A. , Husted Paul W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Of 6 cats with salmonellosis, only cats 1, 4, and 5 manifested clinical signs of gastroenteritis. In cats 2 to 5, salmonellosis was characterized by fever, a left-shifted leukogram, and vague nonspecific signs of illness. Salmonellae were isolated from blood and feces of cats 1 to 4, and from extraintestinal sites as part of a mixed gram-negative bacterial flora in cats 5 and 6. Of 4 cats with Salmonella bacteremia, cats 2, 3, and 4 were successfully treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, amoxicillin, and/or chloramphenicol; treatment with cephapirin was ineffective in 3 cats. In some cats, salmonellosis was observed as a chronic febrile illness without specific gastrointestinal signs or as a localized tissue infection.
Efficacy of zinc citrate ascorbate for treatment of canine cataracts
Authors: Mac Millan Alan D. , Nelson Darien L. , Munger Roben J. , Wolf E. Dan , Scagliotti Randall H. , Bellhorn Roy W. , Shaw Don , Schmidt Gretchen , Dice Paul F. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Efficacy of zinc citrate ascorbate was evaluated in 146 dogs (265 eyes) that had various lens opacities. Zinc citrate ascorbate or saline placebo drops were applied topically once or twice daily for 4 to 31 weeks. Of 138 eyes treated with zinc citrate ascorbate, 86 eyes (62.3%) had no change, 48 eyes (34.8%) had increased lens opacity, and 4 eyes (2.9%) had decreased lens opacity. Of 127 eyes treated with a saline placebo, 99 eyes (77.9%) had no change, 25 eyes (19.7%)) had increased lens opacity, and 3 eyes (2.4%) had decreased lens opacity. Zinc citrate ascorbate drops were not significantly (P = < 0.05) more effective in clearing cataracts than were saline drops. Seemingly, zinc citrate ascorbate drops may have caused lens opacities to increase in area and density.
Subcutaneous abscesses and arthritis caused by a probable bacterial L-form in cats
Authors: Carro Teresita , Pedersen Niels C. , Beaman Blaine L. , Munn Robert 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Three cats in one household developed pyogenic subcutaneous abscesses and arthritis over a period of 9.5 months. Despite vigorous surgical and antibiotic treatment, the infections in each of these cats continued to spread locally and hematogenously to involve other joints and subcutaneous sites. Although the infections did not respond to modern broad-spectrum antibiotics, they were susceptible to tetracycline. In spite of a favorable response to tetracycline, all 3 cats were euthanatized. A causative agent could not be identified by microbiologic culture of tissues obtained prior to death and at necropsy, or with special tissue stains. The infection was transmitted experimentally by sc inoculation with cell-free material from one of the naturally infected cats to a specific-pathogen-free cat. A tissue extract from the experimentally infected cat was, in turn, infectious for another specific-pathogen-free cat. The experimentally induced lesion was a rapidly enlarging necrotizing and pyogenic cellulitis and panniculitis, with no demonstrable causative agent by special tissue stains or microbiologic culture. A probable bacterial L-form was visualized in affected tissues of the experimentally infected cats and propagated in special L-form broth. Like the natural disease, infection in experimentally inoculated cats was progressive in nature, but could be treated successfully with tetracycline.
Effectiveness of products in eliminating cat urine odors from carpet
Authors: Beaver Bonnie V. , Terry Melanie L. , LaSagna Connie L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Eleven products were compared for their ability to eliminate cat urine odor in carpet. Their performance on new urine spots and on old spots was compared as was their ability to prevent the return of urine odors after the carpet was cleaned. Newer products marketed to eliminate urine odor did the best in getting rid of and in preventing the return of urine smells. Other products also scored well. A few products were considered to be of little value for the removal of urine odor in carpet.
Screw fixation of accessory carpal bone fractures in racing Greyhounds: 12 cases (1981-1986)
Authors: Johnson Kenneth A. , Dee Jon F. , Piermattei Donald L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fractures of the accessory carpal bone in 12 racing Greyhounds were repaired by use of internal fixation with screws. All dogs had a sprain-avulsion fracture of the distal margin of the articular surface of the accessory carpal bone, where the accessorioulnar ligament inserts (type I). Two dogs had a second avulsion fracture at the proximal margin of the articular surface, where the palmar ulnocarpal ligament inserts (type II), and 2 dogs had a second fracture at the caudal end of the bone at the insertion of the accessoriometacarpal ligaments (type III). Fractures were exposed surgically, using a palmarolateral approach between the fourth and fifth accessoriometacarpal ligaments, and were repaired using 1.5-mm or 2-mm cortical screws. Eight dogs were evaluated radiographically to monitor fracture healing. Union of fractures, with bridging of the fracture gap, usually developed by 5 to 8 weeks after surgery. Follow-up evaluation after surgical repair was possible in 11 dogs; 10 (91%) returned to training or racing, and 5 (45%) of those won 1 or more races.
Internal fixation of femoral capital physeal injuries in dogs: 40 cases (1979–1987)
Authors: DeCamp Charles E. , Probst Curtis W. , Thomas Michael W. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Fractures of the femoral capital physis were stabilized with small pins or a lag screw in 36 dogs (4 bilateral injuries). Radiography was used to monitor the development of osteoarthritis in affected joints and narrowing of the femoral neck.
More radiographic signs of arthritis (P < 0.05) developed in the coxofemoral joints of dogs that were ≤ 4 months old when injured, compared with those in dogs > 4 months old. Of 40 capital physeal injuries. 35% had concurrent ipsilateral coxofemoral joint injuries and developed more radiographic signs of arthritis (P < 0.05) than did those that had no other coxofemoral injury.
Narrowing of the femoral neck developed in 70% of the healing capital physeal repairs, but in most dogs, narrowing was not associated with segmental collapse of the femoral neck. Neither time interval from injury to surgical fixation nor surgical approach used had an effect (P > 0.05) on the development of narrowing of the femoral neck.