bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
PATHWAYS IN THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF ANDROSTENEDIONE IN THE HUMAN OVARY IN VITRO
Authors: Aakvaag Asbjørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human ovarian tissue was incubated with pregnenolone and progesterone simultaneously, one labelled with 3H, the other with 14C. Isolation and quantitation of metabolites indicated that the preferred pathway to androstenedione from pregnenolone was through the Δ5-intermediates, in normal tissue, as well as in tissue from a patient with the Stein-Leventhal's syndrome. Metabolism of pregnenolone was essentially unaffected by the progesterone concentration in the medium. Addition of human chorionic gonadotrophin to the medium did not influence the relative utilization of the two substrates for biosynthesis of androstenedione.
MODE OF ACTION OF CLOMIPHENE
Authors: Hammerstein J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The in vitro influence of clomiphene citrate on the incorporation of acetate-1-14C into progesterone by slices of human corpora lutea was studied in 10 experiments using the reverse isotopic dilution technique for the isolation and purification of radioactive progesterone, followed in most instances by crystallization to constant specific activity.
As a clear-cut and reproducible result, the formation of progesterone from labelled acetate was considerably diminished in the presence of clomiphene citrate independent of whether the tissues originated from the menstrual cycle or from normal as well as ectopic pregnancies. This inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of progesterone was intensified by increasing the concentration of clomiphene in the medium. It was demonstrable after 13.3 minutes of incubation as well as after 6 hours. No obvious interference of clomiphene with the stimulating action of HCG on steroidogenesis was found.
These findings point to a direct action of clomiphene on the ovary which might also have some bearing on the mode of action of clomiphene in vivo.
EFFECT OF FREEZING AND THAWING AND OF DILUENT ON THE POTENCY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN THREE METHODS OF BIOASSAY
Authors: Borth Rudi , Menzi Annette 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a study designed as a factorial experiment, the biological activity of standard solutions of human chorionic gonadotrophin in distilled water (A), saline (B), 1 % bovine serum albumin (C), 0.5 % gelatin (D), and borate buffer of pH 9 (E) was investigated under four different conditions of freezing and thawing, using the following three methods of bioassay: ovarian ascorbic acid depletion in rats (OAAD), uterine weight in mice (UW), and ovarian hyperaemia in rats (OH).
Repeated freezing and thawing and prolonged storage at -15°C did not affect the potency in any test. In the OAAD test, the potency was increased 4–5fold by D, and 2–3fold by C. In the OH test, E augmented the potency 2–3fold.
These findings are of interest in the practice of bioassay, in studying mechanisms of response, and regarding administration for therapeutic purposes. Diluents which possess augmenting properties could be used to improve the sensitivity of a bioassay if standard and unknowns showed the same degree of augmentation.
CYTOLOGICAL AND CYTOCHEMICAL COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF CYPROTERONE (ANTI-ANDROGEN) AND GONADECTOMY ON THE GONADOTROPHIC CELLS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS IN MALE RATS
Authors: Mietkiewski Kazimierz , Malendowicz Ludwik , Lukaszyk Andrzej 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cyproterone, a competitive inhibitor of testosterone, injected into male rats in daily doses of 10 mg, induces hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the mucoid cells of the hypophysis, followed by the appearance of castration cells. The largest number of these cells is observed on the 12th test-day. These changes are accompanied by degranulation of mucoid cells and an increase in the reactions for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases. As the injection of cyproterone is continued, the number of castration cells in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis decreases and the cytoenzymic reactions observed show a fall in intensity.
Gonadectomy, on the contrary, brings about lasting characteristic changes in the anterior lobe of the hypophysis, which mainly consist in the occurrence of castration cells accompanied by an increase in the intensity of reactions for acid phosphatase and non-specific esterases.
The above data suggest that in the course of administration of cyproterone, suitable adaptive systems develop in the organism which inhibit the action of this anti-androgen.
AN ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF THE PARATHYROID GLANDS IN MAN: EVIDENCE OF SECRETORY MATERIAL
Authors: Weymouth Richard J. , Seibel Hugo R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ultrastructure of one hyperplastic and three adenomatous parathyroid glands have been described. Electron dense bodies measuring 0.08–0.5 microns in diameter and similar to those reported by Roth & Munger (1962) and Weymouth & Sheridan (1966) were described. These bodies were increased in number in the pathological glands, observed primarily at the vascular pole of the cell and frequently within the adjoining endothelial cells. Similar structures were found frequently within the mitochondria. In all probability, these electron dense bodies represent secretory material; the mitochondria play an intimate role in this metabolic process of secretion.
Large, whorl-shaped structures, composed of concentric membranes, were also described. These structures may be of functional significance in hypersecreting glands, since they were observed in the pathological parathyroid glands only.
»Transitional« cells were readily apparent.
EINFLUSS VON D-THYROXIN AUF DAS PB127I IM SERUM
Authors: Krüskemper H. L. , Morgner K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
When orally applicated, D-thyroxine (1–4 mg) lead in normal subjects to a dose dependent rise of PB127I, which was accompanied with characteristic changes of 131I-triiodothyronine-resin uptake. D-thyroxine caused a smaller rise of PB127I of short duration when compared with L-thyroxine. In patients suffering from thyroid disorders, D-thyroxine is eliminated from serum in analogy with L-thyroxine, i. e. accelerated in hyperthyroidism, delayed in hypothyroidism.
THE RELATIVE EFFECTS OF CORTISONE AND TRIAMCINOLONE (9α-FLUORO-16α-HYDROXYPREDNISOLONE) ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF TRYPSIN INHIBITOR IN MAN
Authors: Faarvang Hans J. , Lauritsen O. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The dose-response relationships between oral triamcinolone and cortisone acetate and the urinary trypsin inhibitor excretion have been compared in two normal women. It was found that 6 and 2 mg of triamcinolone, respectively, had the same effect as about 100 mg of cortisone acetate, giving ratios of activity between triamcinolone and cortisone of about 15/1 and 45/1. These ratios of effect are much larger than those which have been found in man for other functions affected by glucocorticoids including the therapeutic effects. The relative effect in man of triamcinolone can therefore apparently vary from function to function as has also been found in experimental animals.
Increasing doses of exogenous glucocorticoid produce increasing excretions of trypsin inhibitor, but only within limited dose ranges. The maximal effect of cortisone acetate was obtained with a daily dose of about 100 mg, whereas the maximal effect in the two subjects was obtained with different doses of triamcinolone, but in both cases with amounts equivalent to about 100 mg of cortisone acetate.
DIVERGENT RESPONSES OF ARTERIOSCLEROTIC AND NON-ARTERIOSCLEROTIC RATS TO A CATABOLIC DOSE OF CORTISONE
Authors: Wexler Bernard C. , Saroff Jack 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male and female rats bred repeatedly develop arteriosclerosis spontaneously. Current information indicates that stimulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in association with the active, repeated breeding may be responsible for the increased adrenocortical steroid production which would account for the abnormal lipid, carbohydrate and protein metabolism and arteriosclerosis observed in these animals. Arteriosclerotic breeder rats and non-arteriosclerotic virgin rats were given chronic injections of cortisone. The arteriosclerotic animals showed the most significant catabolic effects due to overdose with steroid, i. e., loss in body weight, disuse atrophy of the adrenal gland, reduced serum corticosterone levels, thymus gland involution, myocardial and renal changes. The excess glucocorticoid caused an acceleration of the usual pattern of development of the arterial disease and increased severity of the pre-existing arteriosclerosis. The excess endogenous steroid did not induce arterial damage in previously non-arteriosclerotic animals. It is believed that the increased activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in repeatedly bred rats conditions the arterial wall towards derangement of connective tissue ground substance and elements and the development of arteriosclerosis, i. e., a hormonal basis for the pathogenesis of this model of cardiovascular disease.
THE LESS-POLAR METABOLITES PRODUCED BY INCUBATION OF TESTOSTERONE-4-14C WITH RAT AND BOVINE BRAIN
Authors: Sholiton Leon J. , Werk Emile E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rat and bovine brain have been incubated with testosterone-4-14C under standard conditions. With use of paper chromatography, the extracted metabolites were noted to fall into less-polar, iso-polar, and more polar fractions. The components of the less-polar fraction were separated by acetylation and thin-layer chromatography and the major end-products identified by recrystallization to constant specific activity or constant 3H/14C ratios.
Androst-4-enedione and 5α-dihydrotestosterone were formed consistently under the conditions utilized. Trace amounts of other less-polar metabolites were noted occasionally.
INTERPRETATION OF PRODUCT MASS- AND SPECIFIC ACTIVITY-TIME CURVES IN ADRENAL INCUBATION STUDIES
Authors: Vinson G. P. , Whitehouse B. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using techniques for simultaneous corticosteroid mass and isotope estimation, yield-, mass- and specific activity-time curves were constructed for products isolated from rat and duck adrenal tissue during incubation with radioactive precursors.
The yield-time curves for labelled products elaborated from added [7α-3H] pregnenolone and [4-14C] progesterone in the duck, and [4-14C] progesterone in the rat, confirmed previous results which indicated that in both species progesterone and deoxycorticosterone are important intermediates in the formation of corticosteroids from the added precursors. The mass-time curves showed that the radioactive precursors and the tissues' endogenous precursors did not form a homogeneous pool in either case. This finding, together with the lack of true steady-state conditions, prevented rigorous application of the Zilversmit et al. (1943) treatment relating product specific activities with the biosynthetic pathway. However, inspection of the curves allowed tentative conclusions to be drawn from these experiments. In particular, it appears that endogenous and added radioactive precursors may be metabolised along similar pathways, and that deoxycorticosterone seems to be an important intermediate in both species.
ALTERATIONS OF PROTEIN, NUCLEIC ACIDS AND ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN THE HUMAN ENDOMETRIUM DURING THE NORMAL MENSTRUAL CYCLE
Authors: Schmidt H. , Berle P. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In twenty-one women with a normal menstrual cycle determinations of protein, of nucleic acids and of some enzymes of energy metabolism have been performed on endometrial tissue. The calculation of enzyme activities is based on the DNA content which represents a biochemical parameter of the cell number. The glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the fructose-1,6-diphosphate aldolase show markedly increased activities during the secretory phase of the cycle. This suggests that the ovarian hormones induce a considerable stimulation of carbohydrate metabolism of the endometrial cells. Isocitrate dehydrogenase activity shows a transient but marked increase immediately after ovulation. There is also activation of an amino peptidase during the secretory phase of the cycle. The data presented are compatible with previous observations on the cyclic variations of these parameters in the rat uterus.
LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF ACTH AND ITS FRAGMENTS ON ISOLATED FAT CELLS OF THE RAT: INHIBITION BY DIFFERENT TYPES OF ANTISERA
Authors: Benuzzi-Badoni M. , Felber J.-P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The lipolytic activity of the adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) and of different fragments of this polypeptide was studied on isolated adipose cells of rat epididymal tissue. Antisera, specific to different portions of ACTH were tested for their inhibitory action on the lipolytic effect of ACTH and of fragments of the ACTH chain.
The specificity of these antisera was measured by competitive inhibition using the radioimmunological method. The different capacities of the antisera to block the lipolytic activity appears to be in agreement with their specific binding as measured by the radioimmunological method. The antisera which bind only the 25–39 part of the ACTH chain, do not inhibit the biological activity of the hormone.
Fragments 1–16, 17–39, 25–39 do not appear to possess any biological activity.
The serum of normal guinea-pigs, which was shown to potentiate the lipolysis produced by the ACTH (1–24 or 1–39) had no activity on shorter fragments of the chain.
SUBCELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF TESTOSTERONE METABOLITES AFTER PERFUSION OF ISOLATED LIVERS OF GUINEA PIG
Authors: Demisch K. , Birkelbach P. , Ammedick U. , Staib W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The isolated livers of four guinea pigs were perfused with 4-14C-testosterone. It was found, that 23.1 % of the initially added activity was retained in the liver. The subcellular distribution of this 14C-activity was investigated by differential centrifugation.
After the extraction procedure, the 14C-activity of the liver cell fractions was divided into
A activity extractable by ether (free steroids), B activity remaining in the water phase (steroid-conjugates) and C activity associated with the filter residues (protein bound steroids).
The ether extractable metabolites were separated by paper and thin layer chromatography and characterized by their gas chromatographic behaviour on a SE 30 and XE 60 column as free steroids, steroid-acetates and steroid-trimethylsilylethers.
It was shown that there was no significant difference between the percentage distribution of free testosterone metabolites in the liver and perfusate.
The steroid-conjugates had a three times higher concentration in the liver than in the perfusate. The subcellular distribution of free steroids showed significant differences. Of particular interest were the different ratios of testosterone to androstenedione in the subcellular fractions.
PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ANDROGEN-MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEX FROM THE RAT VENTRAL PROSTATE
Authors: Unhjem Olav , Tveter Kjell J. , Aakvaag Asbjørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Following administration of (1,2-3H)-testosterone to castrated rats or incubation of prostatic tissue with the same steroid, a gel filtration technique has been used for the isolation of a soluble steroid-macromolecular complex from the tissues.
Subsequent steroid analyses revealed that 5α-androstan-17β-ol-3-one was the major component associated with the macromolecules both in the in vivo and by in vitro experiments. The complex is destroyed by proteolytic enzymes like trypsin and pronase, but is unaffected by DNase and RNase. The complex is excluded from G-200 as well as P-300 gel beds. By sucrose density gradient centrifugation two macromolecular components were found associated with radioactivity. The largest component had a sedimentation coefficient of 9.3 S and probably corresponds to the macromolecular complex demonstrated by gel filtration, whereas the smaller component had a sedimentation coefficient of 4.5 S and might represent an association of steroids with serum albumin.
GENITOGRAPHY IN INTERSEXUAL STATES
Authors: Josso Nathalie , Fortier-Beaulieu M. , Fauré C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Genitography was carried out in 86 intersex patients: 45 patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia, 16 non-adrenal pseudo-hermaphrodites. 13 male pseudo-hermaphrodites, 7 patients with mixed gonadal dysgenesis and 5 true hermaphrodites. The ratio of the horizontal versus the vertical segments of the lower urinary tract was used to assess radiologically the degree of virilization of the uro-genital sinus.
Injection of the vagina presented serious difficulties in 14 cases. Failures in genitography were usually ascribed to inadequate techniques, but were sometimes due to lack of communication between a highly placed vaginal pouch and the urinary tract.
Genitography did not help to distinguish between the various types of intersexuality. However, it is of great value when sex-assignment of an intersex child is discussed.
GLUCOSE TOLERANCE AND INSULIN RESPONSE DURING DAILY CONTINUOUS LOW-DOSE ORAL CONTRACEPTIVE TREATMENT
Authors: Larsson-Cohn U. , Tengström B. , Wide L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Intravenous glucose tolerance tests and insulin determinations were performed on 37 women at different stages of the menstrual cycle and after one, three and twelve months of daily continuous treatment with 0.5 mg of norethindrone or 0.5 mg of chlormadinone acetate. The fasting blood glucose concentration, the k-values (percentage disappearance rate of glucose per minute) and the insulin response to glucose administration were compared. No statistically significant differences were found between the values obtained on two occasions before treatment, and during treatment.
HERSTELLUNG VON PSEUDOGRAVIDITÄTEN BEI FRAUEN DURCH HOCHDOSIERTE, DER FRÜHGRAVIDITÄT ANGEPASSTE HCG-GABEN
Authors: Geiger W. , Kaiser R. , Kneer M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
HCG was injected intramuscularly into three normal menstruating women in a quantity sufficient to produce a daily urinary excretion of HCG which when tested immunologically imitated the excretion curve of three women in normal early pregnancy. The doses administered ranged from 300 IU to 80 000 IU daily, while the total dose up to the 21. or 22. day after ovulation was 189 000 IU, 217 000 IU and 284 500 IU respectively and the total urinary excretion 9515 IU (= 5.4 %), 12 302 IU (= 5.65 %) and 9200 IU (= 3.23%). The level of HCG in the plasma after the last injection rose to a maximum (1100 IU – 4800 IU) after 45 to 240 min and showed a rapid decrease up to eight hours and a slow, continuous fall for the next five days. The renal clearance for these days was 1.02 ± 0.16 ml/min, 1.02 ± 0.36 ml/min and 0.63 ± 0.31 ml/min and for the same period post partum 0.42 ± 0.18 ml/min. Despite good specific HCG effects no clinical side-effects were seen.
URINARY EXCRETION OF INTERSTITIAL CELL STIMULATING HORMONE AND SPERM CONCENTRATION IN 219 MALES
Authors: Wide Leif , Kjessler Berndt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
219 male partners of barren marriages were examined with regard to urinary ICSH (LH) excretion and sperm concentration. The mean ICSH excretion in a group of patients with azoospermia was significantly higher as compared to a group of patients with more than 20 million sperms per ml. The individual excretion values were found to be widely distributed with a considerable overlapping between the groups. Only very few patients with low sperm counts had remarkably low ICSH excretion values. It appears as though only a very limited number of patients with impaired spermatogenesis would benefit from replacement therapy including gonadotrophins with ICSH activity; at least from a theoretical point of view.
CELL RENEWAL IN THE OVARIAN FOLLICLES OF THE RAT DURING THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND IN PERSISTENT OESTRUS
Authors: Tuohimaa Pentti , Niemi Mikko 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The cell renewal rate and mitotic cycles were studied in the ovarian follicles of normal adult females during dioestrus and oestrus as well as in neonatally androgenized females at the age of 8 to 9 months. Incorporation of tritiated thymidine into nuclear DNA was followed using radioautography. The mitotic index was higher during dioestrus than during oestrus, both in the granulosa and in the theca interna cells. The labelling index during dioestrus was 32.4 per cent for the granulosa and 17.7 per cent for the theca, but there was no incorporation of radioactive thymidine during oestrus. The theca externa did not show any DNA synthetizing activity in either of the cyclic phases. A cell cycle was complete during dioestrus within 17 hours in the granulosa and within 31 hours in the theca interna.
The polycystic ovaries of the persistent oestrous rats showed practically no mitotic activity. In three out of 12 animals some synthesis of DNA was obtained, and in one of them the labelling index exceeded that of the normal dioestrous rats.
EFFECTS OF A SINGLE INJECTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND/OR ETHINYLOESTRADIOL UPON MOUSE PROSTATE GLAND FRUCTOSE LEVELS
Authors: Thomas J. A. , Mawhinney M. , Knych E. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Single injections of testosterone (20 mg/kg) to castrated mice caused an early stimulation in TCA-extractable fructose. Later, and at somewhat higher doses, free fructose levels were observed to rise. The earliest detectable changes occurred about 12 h following injection.
Single injections of ethinyloestradiol to recently castrated mice (48 h) caused a stimulation of prostate gland TCA-extractable fructose 12 h after hormone administration. Free fructose in these same organs was generally reduced by the administration of this oestrogen.
Ethinyloestradiol given one hour prior to a fructose stimulating dose of testosterone produced essentially the same stimulatory response as ethinyloestradiol alone.
The stimulatory action of ethinyloestradiol is probably related to changes in membrane permeability in the target organ.
LABILITY OF THE PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS SYSTEM OF THE MOUSE KIDNEY AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO THE REGULATORY EFFECT OF ANDROGENS
Authors: Kochakian Charles D. , Hama Takao 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The amino acid (leucine, phenylalanine) incorporation system of the postmitochondrial fraction (S2) from the kidney of normal, castrated and testosterone propionate treated mice lost all of its activity on storage over-night at 5°C. The loss in activity was evident within one hour of storage at 4°C. Most of the amino acid incorporating activity was lost within 10 min on preincubation at 37°C. Addition of polyuridylic acid was not able to restore the activity. Neither castration nor the administration of androgen influenced the rate of loss of the amino acid incorporating activity. Separation of the soluble (S3) and microsomal (Ms) fractions and preincubation of either of the fractions produced loss in activity. The addition of poly U restored the activity of the preincubated Ms but not the preincubated S3 fraction. Storage of S2 at −20°C only retarded the rate of loss in activity. The addition of poly U to the enzyme system restored all of the phenylalanine incorporation activity for the castrated mice and most but not all of that of the androgen treated mice. The loss in activity was not accompanied by any detectable change in the RNA.