bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Iodine intake and the seasonal incidence of thyrotoxicosis in New Zealand
Authors: Ford H. C. , Johnson L. A. , Feek C. M. , Newton J. D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe explored a possible relationship between the seasonal variation In the Incidence of thyrotoxicosis In our area and Iodine Intake, as assessed by measuring the 24‐h urinary iodide excretion rate eight times at 3‐month Intervals in a group of normal subjects and in 992 outpatient specimens over a 2‐year period (1988–1990). For the period 1978–1990, 139 cases of thyrotoxicosis were diagnosed during the warmer half of the year (November‐April) and 100 cases during the cooler half (May‐October). This difference was statistically highly significant (P = 0·013). A similar disproportionality in the incidence of thyrotoxicosis was observed between the warmer (57%) and cooler (43%) halves of the year for the period 1988–1990. During the 1988–1990 period there was no discernible seasonal variation In either the milk iodide concentration or In the cumulative mean 24‐h urinary iodide excretion rates for the normal subjects or the outpatients. We conclude that the higher proportion of thyrotoxic patients diagnosed during the warmer 6‐month period of the year In our area is best explained by the fact that symptoms tend to be less tolerable in warm weather. A comparison of our findings on 24‐h urinary Iodide excretion rates with data collected in our area 25 years ago suggested that Iodine Intake may have declined
Growth hormone, insulin‐like growth factor I, insulin and C‐peptide during human fetal life: in‐utero study
Authors: Salardl S. , Orsini L. F. , Cacciari E. , Righetti F. , Donati S. , Mandini M. , Cicognani A. , Bovlcelli L. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Serum growth hormone (GH), Insulin‐like growth factor (IGF‐I), insulin and C‐peptide were measured by RIA In fetal blood collected in utero by umbilical cord puncture performed for a variety of Indications. Eighty‐four fetuses were aged 19–25 weeks and 14 were 26–37 weeks. IGF‐I values were lower than the sensitivity of the method. The range for GH was 3–197 μ g/I (GH‐μ g/I × 2= mU/I), for Insulin 14·3–117 pmol/l, for C‐peptide 66·2–827·5 pmol/l. GH significantly Increased from week 19 to 25; insulin and C‐peptide levels Increased from week 19 to 37. GH levels at 19–25 weeks were significantly higher in fetuses with femoral length less than the 5th compared with those with femoral length greater than the 95th centlle for that age. GH and insulin levels did not correlate with weight at birth or with maternal hormone levels. These data provide evidence for a presence in living fetuses, from the 19th week, of high levels of GH and of Insulin levels not very different from those In adults but these hormones do not seem to be directly responsible for fetal growth.
Effect of growth hormone therapy on thyroid status of girls with Turner's syndrome*
Authors: Massa Guy , de Zegher Francis , Vanderschueren‐Lodeweyckx Magda 
Published: March 2008

Summary The effect of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) administration on thyroid function was studied in 14 girls with Turner's syndrome for 18 months. All patients were euthyroid and had no documented GH deficiency. Treatment with rhGH, administered as daily subcutaneous Injections In a dose of 0·15 IU/kg/day, led to a decrease of serum T4 levels from 124·4 (mean±SEM) to 106·4 nmoi/l (P > 0·05) after 6 months of therapy. Thereafter serum T4 levels returned progressively to baseline levels. Serum TBG levels Increased consistently from 21·9 ± 0·5 to 24·4±0·9 mg/I (P > 0·05) after 3 months. Serum T3 and TSH levels did not change significantly during rhGH administration. The T3/T4 ratio (X 100) Increased from 1·9±0·1 to 2·2±0·1 (P > 0·05) after 6 months of treatment and returned thereafter to baseline levels. The observed changes in T3/T4 ratio demonstrated a striking parallelism with the changes in height velocity and plasma IGF‐I levels. We conclude that rhGH treatment results In a transient alteration of the thyroid status In girls with Turner's syndrome. The functional Importance of this phenomenon, In particular Its role In the concomitant growth acceleration, remains to be established.
Skeletal responsiveness to parathyroid hormone in healthy females: relationship to menopause and oestrogen replacement
Authors: Joborn Charlotte , LJunghall Sverker , Larsson Karln , Lindh Erlk , Naessén Tord , Wide Lelf , Åkerström Göran , Restad Jonas 
Published: March 2008

Summary In order to directly evaluate the role of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and Its Interaction with oestrogens for postmenopausal bone loss, studies were performed where synthetic human (1–38) PTH was Infused s.c. over 24 h in 15 healthy females. Measurements were made of serum electrolytes, PTH and biochemical Indices of bone turnover: serum osteocalcin and alkallne phosphatase and fasting urinary hydroxyproline and calcium. During the Infusion of PTH there were significant Increases of serum calcium (15%), fasting urinary calcium (55%) and hydroxyproline (80%) but a reduction of the serum osteocalcin concentrations (15%). There were significant relations between the calcaemic response and the Increases of urinary calcium and hydroxyproline and the two latter were also closely related. There was, however, no correlation between the responses to PTH for the formative vs the resorptive indices. Postmenopausal women displayed greater increases of serum calcium and fasting urinary hydroxyproline indicating greater skeletal sensitivity to exogenous PTH. Follow ing treatment with oestrogens the indices of skeletal responsiveness were reversed towards the premenopausal values. The findings demonstrate that during short‐term infusion of PTH there Is a dissociation between bone resorptlon and formation and, furthermore, that the menopause is associated with an enhanced skeletal sensitivity for PTH.
Cognitive abilities in androgen‐insensitive subjects: comparison with control males and females from the same kindred
Authors: Imperato‐McGlnley Jullanne , Plchardo Marino , Gautier Teofilo , Voyer Daniel , Bryden M. Philip 
Published: March 2008

Summary To determine the effect of androgen Insensitivity on cognitive abilities, subjects with the syndrome of complete androgen Insensitivity (Al) were compared to control males and females from the same kindred on the Spanish version of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). All subjects had similar sociocultural backgrounds and only right‐handed subjects were used In the primary analysis. This design was chosen to diminish the effect of critical variables on test performance, thereby highlighting the effect of androgen unresponslveness on cognition. The results indicated that control males and females were superior to androgen Insensitive subjects on the Perceptual Organization factor, which Included five visuospatlal subtests. Separate analysis of these subtests revealed that males performed significantly better than females on Block Design, Picture Completion, and Object Assembly, and better than androgen Insensitive subjects on all five subtests. Females were superior to androgen Insensitive subjects on four subtests (Block Design, Picture Completion, Digit Symbol, and Picture Arrangement). Despite the small sample size, when female siblings were compared to their Al sisters, they were also superior on these four visuospatlal subtests. The difference between the Verbal Comprehension and Perceptual Organization factors was greatest In androgen‐insensitive subjects, while control males demonstrated the least difference. Females and Al subjects did not differ from one another on the Freedom from Distractlblllty factor nor on the subtests comprising it, but their performances were poorer than control males. None of the groups differed significantly on Full Scale IQ, Verbal IQ, the Verbal Comprehension factor, or any subtests Included In this category. These data Indicate that Al subjects differ from normal males and normal females on subtests relating to visuospatial ability, and suggest that androgens play a role In the development of spatial ability In humans.
Effects of antibodies against octreotide in two patients with acromegaly
Authors: Ørskov Hans , Christensent Stig Engkjær , Weeket Jargon , Kaal Andreas , Harris Alan G. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Two patients developed specific IgG antibodies against octreotide after 2–3 years’ treatment for acromegaly with this long acting somatostatln analogue. The presence of these antibodies reduced the plasma disappearance rate of total extractable octreotide by 60 and 80% respectively. When compared to that of non‐Immune acromegalic patients, the plasma half‐life of octreotide in these two patients was 300 and 450 vs 110 min in those with no detectable octreotide antibodies. The sole observed con‐sequence of the immunization was a marked prolongation of the Interval of maximum GH Inhibition from a mean of 5 to 8 and 10 h in the two patients described after octreotide injection.
Reproducibility of 24‐hour serum growth hormone profiles in man
Authors: Saint S. , Hindmarsh P. C. , Matthews D. R. , Pringle P. J. , Jones J. , Preece M. A. , Brook C. G. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYobjectiveTo study the reproducibility of 24‐h serum growth hormone (GH) concentration profiles in adults. DESIGN 24‐h serum GH concentrations were constructed by drawing blood samples at 20‐min Intervals. Four study occasions over a period of 1 year were chosen to assess the reproducibilitysubjectsSix healthy adult male volunteers of normal height and weight and aged between 20 and 22 years. MEASURES The resulting GH data arrays were analysed by Fourier transformation. Between and within individual variations were calculated and expressed in terms of coefficients of variation and data plotted to show variations between groups and individualsresultsThe frequency component of GH secretion occurred with a dominant periodicity of between 160 and 240 min. Precise estimates of spectral power (strength of oscillatory activity) and period were obtained for group data, but such estimates cannot be inferred from a single profile. There was no significant difference in 24‐h mean serum GH concentration over the year of study: occasion 1 (February) mean 2·0 mU/l (SD 0·5); occasion 2 (March) mean 3·7 mU/l (SD 2·8); occasion 3 (July) mean 2·7 mU/l (SD 1·4); occasion 4 (February) 2·5 mU/l (SD 1·5) (mean within individual coefficient of variation 35%, range 9–58). The concentrations of factors known to influence GH synthesis and secretion, insulin‐like growth factor I, thyroxine, testosterone and oestradiol, varied little over the year of studyconclusionsThese data demonstrate that group data are reproducible in terms of oscillatory activity and the amount of GH secreted and that 24‐h GH profiles should be used predominantly for analysing group data. The varlabllity between individual profiles limits their value in the investigation of children with growth failure and suspected GH insufficiency
Male pseudohermaphroditism due to Leydig cell agenesia and absence of testicular LH receptors
Authors: Martínez‐Mora J. , Sáez J. M. , Torán N. , Isnard R. , Pérez‐Iribarne M. M. , Egozcue J. , Audí L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective The aim of our study was to establish the definitive diagnosis In an adult patient with male pseudohermaphroditism in whom testicular feminization syndrome had been suspected at the ago of 8, based on genetic, clinical and pathological studies
design Hypothalamo–hypophysio–testicular function was assessed in vivo. Androgen mechanism of action and testicular gonadotrophin binding were studied in vitro. patient At the age of 33 the phenotype was almost completely feminine except for slight clitoral enlargement and posterior labial fusion. Internal genital duct derivatives were masculine except for a short vagina. Both testes were cryptorchid
measurements LH and FSH were determined pre‐ and post‐gonadectomy. Progesterone, 17‐OH‐progesterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone testosterone (1) and oestradlol were determined basally in peripheral and spermatic blood post‐hCG stimulation, and in peripheral blood after orchidectomy. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) receptors and 5a‐reductase activity were determined in genital skin fibroblasts. Receptors for LH and FSH were determined in membrane preparations from both testes. RESULTS LH was high (31 IU/l) and FSH (8 IU/ml) normal. T or steroid precursors were detected basally or after hCG stimulation in peripheral blood showing absence of testicular production. Spermatic venous blood steroid concentrations were consistent with slight T production, in accordance with testis histology which showed few Ley‐dig‐like cells among fibroblasts in the interstitial space. DHT specific binding capacity and affinity and 5α‐reductase activity were normal in genital skin fibroblasts. Gonadotrophin binding studies in testicular membranes confirmed the absence of LH specific binding, whereas FSH binding was higher than normal when expressed per mg of protein (27·0 vs 9·4 ± 0·8 ± mol/mg protein in controls), and lower than normal in both testes since patient's testicular weights were abnormally low. conclusions The patient was considered to have an almost complete form of Leydig cell agenesia/hypoplasia in which absence of specific LH binding correlated with total absence of differentiated Leydig cells and Insensitivity of undifferentiated interstitial cells to LH stimulation
Comparison of the effects of ANF 99–126 and ANF 103–126 on captopril‐induced renin release in man
Authors: Lang Chim C. , McMurray John J. , Moyses Christopher , Struthers Allan D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective The aim was to examine the effects of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) 99–126 and ANF 103–126, an N‐terminal shortened analogue of the peptide, on the plasma renin activity response to captopril, an inhibitor of angiotensin‐converting enzyme design Two protocols were performed. In the first protocol, subjects were studied on three occasions. Captopril 25 mg was given and a 60 minute infusion of 5%d‐glucose (placebo), or ANF 99–126 3 or 10 pmol/kg/min, was administered In a single blind randomized manner. The second protocol was divided in two parallel phases comparing ANF 103–126 either 3 or 10 pmol/kg/min to placebo subjects Thirty‐three salt‐replete healthy male volunteers aged 21–39 years were studied in the supine position measurements Plasma renin activity, plasma ANF 99–126 and ANF 103–126 levels, heart rate and blood pressure were measured
results Compared to placebo Infusion, the rise in plasma renin activity after captopril was attenuated by ANF 99–126 infusion (from 755% of baseline to 294% by ANF 99–126 3 pmol/kg/min and from 755 to 202% by 10 pmol/kg/min; P>0·03 and P>0·01 respectively). The comparable findings with ANF 103–126 were 492 to 218% (3 pmol/kg/min) and 645 to 364% (10 pmol/kg/min) (P>0·01 and P>0·01 respectively). conclusions The results, taken in conjunction with previous findings, suggest that artrial natriuretic factor inhibits in a non‐selective manner the renin response to all secretagotues so far tested In man. The current results also suggest that the anti‐renin action of atrial natriuretic factor does not depend on the first four N‐terminal amino acids of the native peptide
Influence of sodium valproate on late follicular phase pulsatile LH secretion in normal women
Authors: Abeal J. Lado , Agricola J. Cabezas , Carreira J. M. Paz , Cabezas‐Cerrato J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To study whether modulation of the GABAergic system (with sodium valproate) affects pulsatile LH secretion in the late follicular phase of normal women design Fifteen normal women volunteers were studied over an 8‐hour period in the late follicular phase of two successive menstrual cycles. On each occasion, blood samples were taken every 10 minutes between 1000 and 1800 h. Nine of the volunteers—the short treatment group—were administered 400 mg of sodium valproate every 8 hours on the two days preceding their second session, and a further 400 mg at 0900 h on the day of the session. The other six—the long treatment group—were administered 400 mg of sodium valproate every 8 hours on the seven days preceding their second session and at 0900 and 1400 h on the day of the session measurements LH, oestradiol and progesterone were determined by radloimmunoassay, and sodium valproate by repolarization fluorescence spectrophotometry. Pulse detection was carried out both by the program ULTRA and by a method developed by the authors results There were no significant differences In LH pulse amplitude or relative pulse amplitude between records taken in the first and second menstrual cycles, i.e. without or with prior sodium valproate treatment. Short treatment did change interpulse interval and mean secretlon period, but the changes, though statistically significant, were small (about 10 minutes), so that the values for both post‐treatment and control sessions were within the normal range; these parameters were unaffected by long treatment conclusions Activation of the GABAergic system with sodium valproate had no biologically significant effect on the late follicular phase pulsatile LH secretion of these normal women
Naloxone does not modify fenfluramine‐induced prolactin increase in obese patients
Authors: Argenio G. F. , Bernini G. P. , Vivaldi M. S. , del Corso C. , Santoni R. , Franchi F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To evaluate whether the supposed physiological interaction between serotoninergic and opioidergic pathways in the modulation of PRL release is preserved in human obesity, a pathological condition in which these two systems are greatly impaired design According to a single‐blind randomized procedure, three tests were performed: test A (oral placebo + saline infusion over 5 hours), test B (fenfluramine, a well known serotoninergic drug, 60 mg orally + saline infusion over 5 hours) and test C (fenfluramine at the same dose + naloxone, an opiate receptor antagonist, infusion over 5 hours at a dose of 3 mg/h) patients Ten obese women (body mass index 34·4±2·3 kg/m2, mean ± SE) and ten normal‐weight sex and age‐matched subjects (body mass index 22·3±2·4 kg/m2) volunteered for the study. measurements At each test, blood samples for PRL determination were collected in basal conditions (time 0) and every hour for 5 hours. Plasma PRL was determined by radiolmmunoassay results In controls, naloxone significantly reduced the clear‐cut PRL increase induced by fenfluramine. In obese patients, serotoninergic stimulation caused an increment in PRL levels similar to that in the controls, but oplold receptor blockade by naloxone did not affect this response conclusions These findings confirm that there is a physiological relationship between the serotoninergic and the opfoiderglc systems in the control of PRL secretion and show that this interaction is not present in obese subjects. Our data provide indirect proof of the functional impairment of these two systems in human obesity
Heterogeneous size of the parathyroid glands in familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1
Authors: Marx Stephen J. , Menczel Jacob , Campbell Gregory , Aurbach Gerald D. , Spiegel Allen M. , Norton Jeffrey A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective We wished to determine whether there was size heterogeneity of the parathyroid glands in patients with familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (FMEN1) and primary hyperparathyroldlsm design At the National Institutes of Health we performed a retrospective analysis of parathyroid gland volume either from initial or repeat parathyroid exploration patients We studied subjects with FMEN1 and primary hyperparathyroldfsm measurements The parathyroid gland volume was estimated from recorded orthogonal diameters. Volume could also be estimated conservatively in many glands for which one or more diameters were not recorded. Reproducibllity of volume measurements was tested with a series of clay gland models. Indices of variability (among glands at an operation or among replicate measurements of a clay model) were the ratio of maximum volume/minimum volume and the average standard deviation of the log volume results The most complete data were from eight initial operations with three dimensions recorded for all four glands. Volume heterogeneity was indicated by the average ratio of 9·6 for the maximum/minimum gland volume within an operation. The size heterogeneity was even greater among other subgroups. For example, the average ratio of maximum/minimum gland volume within an operation was 17 among five initial operations with four glands removed, but lacking measurements of three dimensions for some glands. Little of this size heterogeneity could be attributed to measurement error since eight replicate measurements on a model gland yielded a maximum/minimum volume ratio of 1·45 conclusions There is a wide heterogeneity in size of the parathyroid glands in the patients with FMEN1 and primary hyperparathyroldlsm
Nephrogenous cyclic AMP in primary hepatocellular carcinoma patients with or without hypercalcaemia
Authors: Panesar N. S. , Au K. M. , Leung Nancy W.Y. , Shek C. C. , Swamlnathan R. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY objective To study the relationship between the excretion of nephrogenous cyclic AMP (NcAMP) and other blood and urine parameters as an index of PTH‐like activity in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma design After overnight fast, a double voided urine and a blood sample were collected from each subject for determination of various anaytes and results compared between various groups patients Fifty‐five consecutive untreated patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, 14 healthy controls and eight patients with cirrhosis only measurements Serum calcium, phosphate, aikaline phosphatase, albumin, creatinine and urinary calcium, creatnine and hydroxyproline were measured by routine methods. cAMP was measured in plasma and urine by a radioimmunoassay (Dioagnostic Products Corporation) and PTH measured in serum by an immunoradiometric assay (Nichols Institute). TmP/GFR, NcAMP etc. were calculated according to various published methods results Four out of 55 patients (7%) with primary hepatocellular carcinoma had hypercalcaemia. These four patients had significantly lower (P > 0·05) phosphate, PTH and TmP/GFR and elevated NcAMP (P > 0·001) compared with normocalcaemic hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhotic patients, and healthy controls. The excretion of hydroxyproline and calcium was significantly elevated (P > 0·001) in the hypercalcaemic patients. Bone resorption was found to be the major cause of hypercaicaemia in three of the four hypercalcaemic patients. Fifteen hepatocellular carcinoma patients (29%) with normocalcaemia had suppressed PTH. conclusion We conciude that a PTH‐like humoral factor such as PTH related peptide is the cause of hypercalcaemia in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma, and that in some normocalcaemic patients with this tumour PTH is suppressed