bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation of14C‐labeled fatty and anacardic acids fromGinkgo biloba
Authors: Gellerman Joanne L. , Schlenk Hermann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAcetate labeled with14C was infused into shoots of Ginkgo. Up to 16% of the radioactivity was incorporated into lipids. Most of it was found in the leaves and stems, but after 9 days, the lipids of roots also contained an appreciable amount of radioactivity. Radioactive palmitic, linoleic and other common acids were isolated as methyl esters; 5,11,14–20∶3 and esters of similar type were isolated pure or together with their isomers of normal structure; anacardic acids were separated as such from the fatty esters.
The distribution and excretion of tritium labeled cerebroside (galactosyl ceramide) radioactivity by the monkey
Authors: Burton Robert Main , Lewis Walter , Sodd Mary Ann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTritium labeled galactosyl ceramide was administered intravenously to three male monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Blood, urine, feces and organs obtained at autopsy were examined for radioactivity after 1 hr, 8 hr and 37 days. The radioactive galactosyl ceramide was taken up by the reticuloendothelial system. Very little radioactivity appeared in brain tissue. The radioactivity was excreted primarily in urine.
Essential fatty acid‐deficient rats: III. Distribution of lipid classes in rat testes after feeding partially hydrogenated oils
Authors: Hølmer G. , Aaes‐Jørgensen E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTotal and relative amounts of neutral lipids (NL) and phospholipids (PL) as well as the distribution of various lipid classes in these were determined in testes of rats fed different types of partially hydrogenated oils for 5,15 and 26 weeks. The dietary fats were partially hydrogenated arachis oil (HAO), partially hydrogenated soybean oil (HSO), partially hydrogenated herring oil (HHO) and, for comparison, arachis oil (AO). An additional series of animals was reared on a fat‐free diet throughout the entire experiment. The total amount of NL is decreased by EFA deficiency parallel with the development of the degenerative changes of the spermatogenic tissue. The relative amounts of NL in the testis are not influenced by EFA deficiency during the first stages of degeneration. However, feeding of HHO for 26 weeks resulted in a marked decrease in NL. The total content of PL is directly related to tissue degeneration. This observation is supported by the data obtained after 5 weeks of feeding HHO and by the correspondence between the results found after 15 and 26 weeks on HAO and the fat‐free diets, respectively. The relative amount of PL is less influenced by EFA deficiency, but severe degenerations as found for the group fed HHO are followed by decreases. The neutral lipids had three main fractions: triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids (FFA) and cholesterol (Chol). FFA was found to be the main fraction of NL after 5 weeks, whereas TG was the main component of NL after 15 and 26 weeks, especially in the animals with degenerated testes. The presence of the large quantities of FFA is discussed. Cholesterol was decreased markedly in the EFA deficient rats fed partially hydrogenated oils, but not in the fat‐free reared groups. The variations in the PL distribution during the experiment were small with regard to the two main PL classes, the phosphatidylcholines and the phosphatidylethanolamines. The most remarkable change among the PL classes was an increase in the percentage of sphingomyelins when the spermatogenic degenerations developed.
Biosynthesis of glycolipids: Incorporation of N‐acetyl galactosamine by a rat brain particulate preparation
Authors: Handa Shizuo , Burton Robert M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA mixture of UDP‐(N‐acetyl)glucosamine‐114C and UDP‐(N‐acetyl)galactosamine‐114C (7∶3) served as a substrate to demonstrate in young rat brain tissue the presence of enzymes which catalyzes the reactions: UDP‐glcNAc⇌UDP‐galNAc (E.C.5.1.3) and UDP‐galNAc+ gal‐glc‐cer→ galNAc‐gal‐glc‐cer+UDP. The glycolipid acceptor specificity was examined and preliminary kinetic data were obtained for the UDP‐(N‐acetyl)galactosamine: gal‐glc‐ceramide N‐acetyl galactosamine transferase. The products of the reaction were identified. The relationship of this reaction to ganglioside biosynthesis is discussed.
9,12,15‐octadecatrien‐6‐ynoic acid, new acetylenic acid from mosses
Authors: Åndersson Bengt , Anderson Wayne H. , Chipault Jacques R. , Ellison Eldon C. , Fenton Stuart W. , Gellerman Joanne L. , Hawkins John M. , Schlenk Hermann 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipids of the moss,Ceratodon purpureus, yield up to 25% of an acetylenic acid which was identified as allcis‐9,12,15‐octadecatrien‐6‐ynoic acid. The methyl ester of this acid was isolated in 95% purity by gas liquid chromatography. Mass spectroscopy provided the mol wt and confirmed methyl stearate as product of hydrogenation. Ozonization indicated a triple bond in position 6 and a double bond in position 15. UV and IR spectra showedcis‐double bonds, no conjugation, and notrans‐double bonds. The Raman spectrum provided direct evidence for the triple bond and confirmed the presence of double bonds and the absence of conjugation. The ratio of intensities indicated 1 triple bond/3 double bonds. 9,12,15‐Octadecatrien‐6‐ynoic acid has not previously been isolated from biological materials. It was found only in the triglycerides ofCeratodon purpureus and several other mosses. In contrast to arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids, the acetylenic acid seems to be restricted to few moss genera.
Recent progress in the biochemistry of plant steroids other than sterols (Saponins, glycoalkaloids, pregnane derivatives, cardiac glycosides, and sex hormones)
Authors: Heftmann Erich 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecent studies concerning the biosynthesis, metabolism, and possible functions of steroids other than sterols in plants are reviewed and discussed. These studies embrace the saponins, glycoalkaloids, pregnane derivatives, cardiac glycosides, as well as their aglycones, and the sex hormones.
Pyrrolidides for mass spectrometric determination of the position of the double bond in monounsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Andersson Bengt A. , Holman Ralph T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMass spectra of pyrrolidides of monounsaturated straight chain fatty acids are presented and discussed. The spectra of pyrrolidides contain mainly ions from the polar part of the molecule. This gives simple spectra from which double bond positions can be deduced directly. If an interval of 12 atomic mass units is observed between the most intense peaks of clusters of fragments containing n and n−1 carbon atoms of the acid moiety, the double bond occurs between carbons n and n+1 in the molecule This rule is valid for double bonds occurring at positions Δ5‐Δ15 in an 18‐carbon chain and has been applied to acids having 10–24 carbon atoms.
Effect of dietary saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid upon the structures of triglycerides in rabbit tissues
Authors: Christie W. W. , Moore J. H. , Gottenbos J. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFive groups of rabbits were given a diet supplemented with safflower seed oil and safflower seed oil partially replaced by lauric, myristic, palmitic, and stearic acids respectively. After 10 weeks, plasma samples were taken from the animals in the fasted and nonfasted state; the animals then were killed, and the livers and samples of adipose tissue were removed. Lipids were extracted from the tissues, then separated into classes; and the fatty acid composition of each class was determined. In addition, the triglycerides were isolated and the structures determined by stereospecific analysis. There were marked differences in the compositions and structures of the triglycerides in the plasma from fasted and nonfasted animals. Feeding specific dietary fatty acids also greatly changed the metabolism of linoleic acid by the animals. The results are discussed in terms of the biosynthesis of triglycerides in plasma, liver, and adipose tissue.
Identification of methyl‐branched fatty acids from the triacylglycerols of subcutaneous adipose tissue of lambs
Authors: Smith A. , Calder A. G. , Lough A. K. , Duncan W. R. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA concentrate of branched chain fatty acids (as methyl esters) was prepared from the triacylglycerols of subcutaneous adipose tissue lipids of lambs receiving a carbohydrate‐rich (cereal) diet. This was accomplished by procedures which allowed the removal of unsaturated components by peroxidation and straight chain saturated components by urea‐adduct formation. The concentrate was analyzed by high resolution gas chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry and was shown to consist of a complex mixture of saturated methyl‐substituted fatty acids. Methyl substitution occurred on even‐numbered carbon atoms (relative to the carboxyl group) and the chain lengths of the acids ranged from 10 to 18 carbon atoms. Acids with one methyl substituent in the fatty acyl chain were most abundant; di‐, tri‐ and tetramethyl‐substituted acids were also present. The biosynthesis of these methyl‐substituted acids is discussed briefly.
Effects of cold stress on rats fed different levels of docosenoic acids
Authors: Darnerud P. O. , Olsen M. , Wahlström B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMale Sprague‐Dawley rats, 4 weeks old, were subjected to an ambient temperature of 4 C for periods up to 24 days and fed a synthetic diet containing one of the following oils: peanut oil (PO), rapeseed oil (RO), low erucic acid rapeseed oil (LO), and partially hydrogenated marine oil (HO), each at 20% w/w. A parallel experiment using the same oils was performed at room temperature (23 C). During cold stress, animals on the RO diet showed higher mortality than all other groups; all 20 animals in this group died within 5 days. At room temperature, however, all animals survived. The lipid accumulation in the heart reached its peak in all groups after 3 days and then gradually declined. The accumulation was most pronounced in the RO animals and coincided with the high mortality at 4 C. The fatty acid composition of the cardiac triglycerides reflected that of the diet, while the composition of the cardiac lecithin was only marginally modified.
Lipogenesis in iron‐deficient adult rats
Authors: Sherman Adria Rothman 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIron‐deficient (5 ppm Fe) or control (307 ppm Fe) diets were fed ad libitum to female rats for 7 weeks, and then meal‐fed for 4 weeks. Body weights, hemoglobin levels, and hematocrits were lower (p<0.01) in deficient group (184±7, 7.1±0.4, 32.7±0.6) than in the control group (220±10, 16.9±0.3, 51.8±0.8) at the end of the 11‐week experiment. Animals were killed 1 hr after meal feeding, and liver slices, mesenteric adipose tissue, and segments of mid‐jejunum were incubated in vitro with [U‐14C] glucose or3H2O. Adipose tissue from deficient rats had incorporation of [U‐14C] glucose into triglycerides two to three times greater than control rats (p<0.01). Release of14CO2 from glucose was greater in adipose tissue of deficient rats than controls (p<0.05). Incorporation of3H2O into triglycerides was also two to three times greater in deficient adipose tissue than in controls (p<0.02). In liver slices, incorporation of glucose in polar lipids was slightly higher in deficient rats than in control rats (p<0.05). No significant differences were found in incorporation of3H2O or [U‐14C] glucose into lipids or CO2 in jejunum. Thus, iron‐ deficient adult rats have greater lipid synthesis from3H2O and glucose in adipose tissue than rats fed adequate levels of iron.
Uropygian gland alkane diol diesters in theKn mutation of the domestic chicken
Authors: Walker H. E. , Somes R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUropygial glands from chickens which are know to have theKn gene secrete qualitatively the same types of alkane diol diesters as the normal domestic chicken. However, there are many significant differences in the mole percent of individual fatty acids and diols within the diester between the two genetic types of chickens. In general, the mutant chickens have lesser amounts of the shorter chain fatty acids and diols and greater amounts of the longer chain fatty acids and diols. There is also a gene dosage effect with two mutant genes having a greater effect in many cases than a single mutant gene.
Incorporation of [1‐14C] acetate into lipids of soybean cell suspensions
Authors: Wilson A. C. , Kates M. , de la Roche A. I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSuspension cultures of soybean cells incorporated [1‐14C] acetate very rapidly into the fatty acid moieties of phospholipids and glycolipids when incubated at 26 C for up to 22 hr. The most rapidly labeled lipid was 3‐sn‐phosphatidylcholine, which contained 58% of the total fatty acid radioactivity after 16 min; more than 75% of this label was found to be in the oleic acid of the phosphatidylcholine. After longer periods of incubation, the proportion of14C label decreased exponentially in phosphatidylcholine and increased markedly in an unidentified phospholipid (tentatively,bis‐phosphatidic acid), di‐ and triacylglycerols, and glycolipids. The proportion of radioactivity in oleic acid also decreased exponentially, accompanied by increases in linoleic acid first and then in linolenic acid. Most of the labeled linolenic acid at 22 hr was found in the unidentified phospholipid, di‐ and triacylglycerols, and the glycolipid fraction.
Thermal decomposition of methyl oleate hydroperoxides and identification of volatile components by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Selke E. , Frankel E. N. , Neff W. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe role of methyl oleate hydroperoxides as precursors of volatile compounds was investigated by thermal decomposition in the injector port of a gas chromatograph attached to a computerized mass spectrometer. The major volatile compounds identified correspond to those formed from triolein heated in air at 192 C.
Prevention of obesity in Avy/a mice by dehydroepiandrosterone
Authors: Yen Terence T. , Allan Jean A. , Pearson Donovan V. , Action June M. , Greenberg Mark M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDehydroepiandrosterone, a mammalian glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor, preventedAvy/a mice from becoming obese. Decreased accumulation of triacylglycerol accounted for a large portion of the weight difference between treated and controlAvy/a mice. Hepatic lipogenesis as measured by3H2O incorporation into total lipid was less in the dehydroepian drosterone‐treated mice. Dehydroepiandrosterone did not suppress appetite and had no apparent toxic effects at the doses used, and its weight controlling effects were reversible upon withdrawal of treatment.
Calcium activation of peanut lipoxygenase
Authors: Nelson M. S. , Pattee H. E. , Singleton J. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPeanut lipoxygenase isozyme 1 (pH optimum, 8.3) was strongly activated by 0.5–1.0 mM Ca++, and the rate of activation was maximum when the ratio of substrate to Ca++ was ca. 2∶1. Peanut lipoxygenase isozymes 2 and 3 (pH optima, 6.2) were activated by calcium but did not have an optimum level of activity. Calcium differentially activated peanut lipoxygenase causing the rate of pentane production to increase much more rapidly than the rate of oxygen consumed by the enzyme reaction. At pH 6.2, in the absence of calcium, the percentages of the hydroperoxide isomers produced by peanut lipoxygenase were 74.9% 13‐hydroperoxycis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid (13 LOOHcis‐trans), 2.6% 13‐hydroperoxytrans‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid (13 LOOHtrans‐trans) and 22.5% 9‐hydroperoxy 10, 12‐octadecadienoic acid (9 LOOH). The presence of 1 mM Ca++ at pH 6.2 did not significantly affect the percentage distribution of the hydroperoxides produced. However, at pH 8.3, the percentage distribution of hydroperoxides produced was 45.2% 13 LOOHcis‐trans, 10.9% 13 LOOHtrans‐trans and 43.9% 9 LOOH in the absence of Ca++ and 57.0% 13 LOOHcis‐trans, 8.0% 13 LOOHtrans‐trans and 35.0% 9 LOOH in the presence of 1 mM Ca++.
Dietary control of the chain elongation of palmityl‐CoA in rat liver microsomes
Authors: Kawashima Y. , Suzuki Y. , Hashimoto Y. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe rate of chain elongation of palmityl‐CoA to stearyl‐CoA in rat liver microsomes was studied in connection with the nutritional status of the rats. The microsomal chain elongation activity, which had been decreased by starvation for 48 hr, was rapidly increased to a high level on refeeding. The apparent Km value for malonyl‐CoA in both normal and refed rats was the same, 1.2×10−4 M. Both cycloheximide and actinomycin D prevented the induction of microsomal chain elongation activity which was associated with refeeding. In addition, the activity of acyl‐CoA hydrolase and the rates of esterification of acyl‐CoA into phospholipids and neutral lipids in microsomes were not changed by the dietary alteration. These results support the conclusion that changes of the activity of microsomal chain elongation of palmityl‐CoA in various nutritional status result from a rapid synthesis of new enzyme(s).
The preparation, gas liquid chromatography, and some physical and chemical properties of certain higher aliphatic 2,4‐diketones—A new lipid class
Authors: Douglas Donald Edward , Francis Lyman Elwood 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFourteen saturated aliphatic 2,4‐diketones, ranging in chain length from C7 to C25, and one unsaturated compound, Δ12‐2,4‐heneicosenedione, were prepared by Claisen acylations of the appropriate methyl ketones, and their gas chromatographic behavior was studied. Mixtures of these diketones were resolved on columns containing UCW98 or Carbowax 20M stationary phases. Their methoxime and 2,4‐dinitrophenylsemicarbazone derivatives were resolved on OV‐17 and OV‐1 stationary phases, respectively. Since higher homologous aliphatic 2,4‐diketones have been found in mammalian tissues, they constitute a new lipid class.
Arylsulfonate esters of fatty alcohols as hypocholesterolemic agents. I: Oleyl and linoleyl p‐toluenesulfonates
Authors: Quackenbush Forrest W. , Rand Phillip G. , MacNintch John E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCholesterol levels of both plasma and liver of cholesterol‐fed rats are lowered by feeding linoleyl and oleyl esters of p‐toluenesulfonic acid. A structural specificity exists, since the effect is not observed with similar amounts of sodium p‐toluenesulfonate nor with linoleyl methanesulfonate. Effective levels of these arylsulfonates do not alter liver to body weight ratios and maturation, nor reduce plasma cholesterol in normocholesterolemic rats.
Determination of free choline and phosphorylcholine in rat liver
Authors: Barak Anthony J. , Tuma Dean J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple procedure for the determination of levels of free choline and phosphorylcholine in hepatic tissue is outlined. The method makes use of the enzyme acid phosphatase to liberate choline from phosphorylcholine and incorporates the ability of choline to react with potassium triiodide to yield choline periodide for the measurement of choline and phosphorylcholine in liver. The method is accurate for both entities (recovery of 97–100% for choline and 92–98% for phosphorylcholine). For phosphorylcholine, the method is markedly simpler than other methods previously described and the results for normally fed rats are of the same order of magnitude. The applicability of the method was shown when it was demonstrated that diets containing different amounts of choline influenced the level of choline and phosphorylcholine in liver.
Substrate selectivity of diacylglycerol kinase in guinea pig brain
Authors: Holub B. J. , Piekarski J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present study was conducted to test the selectivity of the microsomal diacylglycerol kinase (ATP:1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerol phosphotransferase) from guinea pig brain towards different 1,2‐diacyl‐sn‐glycerols. The molecular species added to the incubation medium as substrates were a mixture of the 1‐[3H]palmitoyl plus 1‐[14C]stearoyl homologs of either the monoenoic (2‐oleoyl), dienoic (2‐linoleoyl), tetraenoic (2‐arachidonoyl), or hexaenoic (2‐docosahexaenoyl) diacylglycerols. Rates of phosphatidic acid synthesis (1‐palmitoy plus 1‐stearoyl homologs) with each of the four classes of unsaturated diacylglycerols were not greatly different, although they were moderately higher in the case of the monoenes. No marked enzyme selectivity for either the 1‐palmitoyl or 1‐stearoyl homolog of the various 1‐saturated 2‐unsaturated diacylglycerols was apparent. Generally similar results were obtained with the diacylglycerol kinase in rat brain microsomes.
Accumulation of surfactant phospholipids in lipid pneumonia induced with methylnaphthalene
Authors: Taki Takao , Nakazima Tomoko , Emi Yohko , Konishi Yohichi , Hayashi Akira , Matsumoto Makoto 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLipid analyses were carried out on the lungs of female B6C3F1 mice treated with methylnaphthalene. Cholesteryl ester, which could not be detected in lungs of control animals, was present in lungs of treated animals. Cholesterol and dipalmitoyglycerophosphocholine (DPPC) content was increased about five times in lungs of treated mice compared with control mice, and the content of a minor phospholipid was increased six times. The latter phospholipid was purified by high performance liquid chromatography and identified as phosphatidylglycerol by thin layer chromatography and by fast atom bombardment‐mass spectrometry. Both DPPC and phosphatidylglycerol are known to be pneumonal surfactants produced from type II pneumocytes. Therefore, the accumulation of these lipids in lung tissue was assumed to be caused by the proliferation of type II cells induced by the administration of methylnaphthalene. The results provide important information concerning the underlying mechanism of endogenous lipid pneumonia in mice.
Fatty acids in echinoidea: Unusualcis‐5‐olefinic acids as distinctive lipid components in sea urchins
Authors: Takagi Toru , Kaneniwa Masaki , Itabashi Yutaka , Ackman R. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOpen tubular gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analyses of fatty acids from total lipids of 12 species of Echinoidea collected at several locations along the Pacific coast of Japan showed the same unusualcis‐5‐olefinic acids in all species, i.e.,cis‐5‐octadecenoic acid (5–18∶1),cis‐5‐eicosenoic acid (5–20∶1), all‐cis‐5,11‐ and 5,13‐eicosadienoic acids (5,11‐ and 5,13–20∶2), allcis‐5,11,14‐eicosatrienoic acid (5,11,14–20∶3) and all‐cis‐5,11,14,17‐eicosatetraenoic acid (5,11,14,17–20∶4). The structural analysis of partially purified 5,11,14,17–20∶4 was undertaken by reductive ozonolysis with GLC and gas chromatographic‐mass spectrometric analyses of the products.13C‐Nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the totals and fractions of fatty acid methyl esters from the sea urchin lipids did not show any occurrence of fatty acids having an isolated olefinic bond in the 2, 3 or 4 positions. The 5‐olefinic acids were concentrated on the polar lipids rather than neutral lipids. The branched and odd chain fatty acid contents of mud‐feeding sea urchins were found to be relatively greater proportions of total fatty acids than in algae feeders.