bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Physical carbon‐sequestration mechanisms under special consideration of soil wettability
Authors: Bachmann Jörg , Guggenberger Georg , Baumgartl Thomas , Ellerbrock Ruth H. , Urbanek Emilia , Goebel Marc‐O. , Kaiser Klaus , Horn Rainer , Fischer Walter R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe protective impact of aggregation on microbial degradation through separation has been described frequently, especially for biotically formed aggregates. However, to date little information exists on the effects of organic‐matter (OM) quantity and OM quality on physical protection, i.e., reduced degradability by microorganisms caused by physical factors. In the present paper, we hypothesize that soil wettability, which is significantly influenced by OM, may act as a key factor for OM stabilization as it controls the microbial accessibility for water, nutrients, and oxygen in three‐phase systems like soil. Based on this hypothesis, the first objective is to evaluate new findings on the organization of organo‐mineral complexes at the nanoscale as one of the processes creating water‐repellent coatings on mineral surfaces. The second objective is to quantify the degree of alteration of coated surfaces with regard to water repellence. We introduce a recently developed trial that combines FTIR spectra with contact‐angle data as the link between chemical composition of OM and the physical wetting behavior of soil particles. In addition to characterizing the wetting properties of OM coatings, we discuss the implications of water‐repellent surfaces for different physical protection mechanisms of OM. For typical minerals, the OM loading on mineral surfaces is patchy, whereas OM forms nanoscaled micro‐aggregates together with metal oxides and hydroxides and with layered clay minerals. Such small aggregates may efficiently stabilize OM against microbial decomposition. However, despite the patchy structure of OM coating, we observed a relation between the chemical composition of OM and wettability. A higher hydrophobicity of the OM appears to stabilize the organic C in soil, either caused by a specific reduced biodegradability of OM or indirectly caused by increased aggregate stability. In partly saturated nonaggregated soil, the specific distribution of the pore water appears to further affect the mineralization of OM as a function of wettability. We conclude that the wettability of OM, quantified by the contact angle, links the chemical structure of OM with a bundle of physical soil properties and that reduced wettability results in the stabilization of OM in soils.
Nitrogen release dynamics and transformation of slow release fertiliser products and their effects on tea yield and quality
Authors: Han Wen‐Yan , Ma Li‐Feng , Shi Yuan‐Zhi , Ruan Jian‐Yun , Kemmitt Sarah J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) is a perennial leaf harvested crop. It requires more nitrogen than most other crops and preferentially utilises NH4+ to NO3− when both are available in the soil. It is expected that slow release fertilisers coupled with a nitrification inhibitor could improve the N use efficiency and simultaneously reduce environmental pollution. In this study, three slow release fertilisers were developed and tested: CaMg phosphate coated urea with dicyandiamide (DCD) as a nitrification inhibitor and polyolefin coated urea with and without DCD. The main aim was to compare the nitrogen release dynamics and transformation of these fertilisers and their effects on tea yield and quality.RESULTS: The results showed that the coatings significantly slowed N release and kept mineral N in soils at a higher concentration for a longer time compared to uncoated urea. Polyolefin was a superior coating to CaMg phosphate. DCD was an effective nitrification inhibitor and significantly reduced the ratio of nitrate to total mineral N in a highly acidic tea soil. The 15N use efficiency was 29% where uncoated fertiliser was applied and 46% where polyolefin coated fertiliser with DCD was applied. The application of slow release fertilisers increased the chlorophyll content in mature leaves and enhanced the uptake of mineral elements by tea plants. Bud sprouting, shoot growth and mature leaf longevity were significantly improved, resulting in higher biomass of tea plants. Slow release fertilisers increased the yield of shoots by 51–143% (mean, 106%) in a pot experiment and 4–14% (mean, 9%) in a field experiment compared to uncoated urea. Tea quality parameters, especially free amino acids, were also significantly increased.CONCLUSION: Slow release fertilisers, especially polyolefin coated urea with DCD could significantly increase the N use efficiency and improve tea growth. Their uses in tea fields not only improved the profit margin, but possibly reduced environmental pollution. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Preparative isolation and purification of three flavonoid glycosides from Taraxacum mongolicum by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Shi Shuyun , Zhang Yuping , Zhao Yu , Huang Kelong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA preparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) was successively applied to purify three flavonoid glycosides from the aerial part of Taraxacum mongolicum, a traditional Chinese medicine. Subsequent UV, MS, and NMR analyses have led to the characterization of three flavonoid glycosides including two new compounds isoetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside and isoetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐O‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside, and a known compound, isoetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐O‐α‐D‐xyloypyranoside, which were first isolated from T. mongolicum. The two‐phase solvent system composed of ethyl acetate/n‐butanol/water (2:1:3, v/v/v) was performed in HSCCC. Consequently, a total of 25.7 mg isoetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐O‐α‐L‐arabinopyranoside, 19.1 mg isoetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐O‐α‐D‐glucopyranoside, and 10.6 mg isoetin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl‐2′‐O‐α‐D‐xyloypyranoside were obtained with purity of 98.7, 98.3, and 99.1%, respectively, as determined by HPLC from 500 mg enriched extract after cleaning‐up by polyamide resin.
Parameters affecting electro membrane extraction of basic drugs
Authors: Middelthon‐Bruer Torunn M. , Gjelstad Astrid , Rasmussen Knut E. , Pedersen‐Bjergaard Stig 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThirty‐five different basic drugs were extracted by electro membrane extraction (EME), from acidified samples containing HCl as the BGE, through an organic solvent immobilized in the pores in the wall of a porous hollow fiber (supported liquid membrane, SLM), and into an acidified acceptor solution (HCl) in the lumen of the hollow fiber by the application of an electrical potential difference of 50 V. With 2‐nitrophenyl pentyl ether (NPPE) as the SLM, and with 10 mM HCl as BGE in the sample and acceptor solution, singly charged basic drugs with log P >2 were extracted with recoveries in the range 30–81% within 5 min. For doubly charged basic drugs, extraction was effectively enhanced by decreasing the concentration of HCl in the sample from 10 to 0.1 mM, reducing the ionization of the analytes. For medium polar analytes (1 < log P < 2), an ion balance of 0.01 was combined with addition of tris‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP) to the SLM, and this provided recoveries in the range 36–70%. The ion balance was defined as the concentration ratio of BGE between the sample and the acceptor solution. For the most polar drugs (log P <1), EME was accomplished with an ion balance of 0.01 and with di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phosphate (DEHP) added to the SLM, but in spite of this, recoveries were in the range of only 4–17%.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry: A review
Authors: Mondello Luigi , Tranchida Peter Quinto , Dugo Paola , Dugo Giovanni 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAlthough comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) has been on the scene for more than 15 years, it is still generally considered a relatively novel technique and is yet far from being fully established. The revolutionary aspect of GC × GC, with respect to classical multidimensional chromatography, is that the entire sample is subjected to two distinct analytical separations. The resulting enhanced separating capacity makes this approach a prime choice when GC analysts are challenged with highly complex mixtures. The combination of a third mass spectrometric dimension to a GC × GC system generates the most powerful analytical tool today for volatile and semi‐volatile analytes. The present review is focused on the rather brief, but not scant, history of comprehensive two‐dimensional GC‐MS: the first experiments were carried out at the end of the 1990s and, since then, the methodology has been increasingly studied and applied. Almost all GC × GC‐MS applications have been carried out by using either a time‐of‐flight or quadrupole mass analyzer; significant experiments relative to a variety of research fields, as well as advantages and disadvantages of the MS systems employed, are discussed. The principles, practical and theoretical aspects, and the most significant developments of GC × GC are also described. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 27:101–124, 2008
Development of aberrant crypt foci in the colons of ob/ob and db/db mice: Evidence that leptin is not a promoter
Authors: Ealey Kafi N. , Lu Suying , Archer Michael C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractLeptin is elevated in obesity and has been suggested to increase the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), although the evidence is conflicting. The objective of this study was to compare the susceptibility to colon carcinogenesis of db/db mice that have highly elevated circulating leptin and leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice, both of which are obese. Seven‐week‐old male ob/ob, db/db, and WT mice received 4 weekly i.p. injections of 5 mg/kg azoxymethane (AOM) and were killed 14 wk later for the analysis of putative preneoplastic aberrant crypt foci (ACF). There were no differences in ACF number or multiplicity between ob/ob and db/db mice. Leptin has been shown to induce CYP2E1, the main enzyme that activates AOM, but we observed no differences in hepatic CYP2E1 activity or colonic CYP2E1 protein levels between ob/ob and db/db mice. We also induced ACF with 2 oral doses 3 d apart of 30 mg/kg methylnitrosourea (MNU), a direct‐acting carcinogen. There were no differences in ACF number or multiplicity between the two groups of obese animals 5 wk following the last dose of MNU. The colonic mucosa of db/db mice expressed significantly lower mRNA levels of ObRa, the predominant short form of the leptin receptor, compared to ob/ob mice, and following i.p. injection with 1 mg/kg recombinant mouse leptin, exhibited significantly reduced p44/42 pMAPK compared to saline‐treated controls. These results show that ObRa is functionally active in the colons of db/db mice. We conclude that leptin does not play a significant role in ACF development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of HIF‐1 alpha and VEGF expression by the chemopreventive bioflavonoid apigenin is accompanied by Akt inhibition in human prostate carcinoma PC3‐M cells
Authors: Mirzoeva Salida , Kim Nam Deuk , Chiu Karen , Franzen Carrie A. , Bergan Raymond C. , Pelling Jill C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractProgression of cancer leads to hypoxic solid tumors that mount specific cell signaling responses to low oxygen conditions. An important objective of anti‐cancer therapy is the development of new drugs that suppress hypoxic responses in solid tumors. Apigenin is a natural flavone that has been shown to have chemopreventive and/or anti‐cancer properties against a number of tumor types. However, the mechanisms underlying apigenin's chemopreventive properties are not yet completely understood. In this study, we have investigated the effects of apigenin on expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1 (HIF‐1) in human metastatic prostate PC3‐M cancer cells. We found that hypoxia induced a time‐dependent increase in the level of HIF‐1α subunit protein in PC3‐M cells, and treatment with apigenin markedly decreased HIF‐1α expression under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Further, apigenin prevented the activation of the HIF‐1 downstream target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). We then showed that apigenin inhibited expression of HIF‐1α by reducing stability of the protein as well as by reducing the level of HIF‐1α mRNA. We also found that apigenin inhibited Akt and GSK‐3β phosphorylation in PC3‐M cells. Further experiments demonstrated that constitutively active Akt blunted the effect of apigenin on HIF‐1α expression. Taken together, our results identify apigenin as a bioflavonoid that inhibits hypoxia‐activated pathways linked to cancer progression in human prostate cancer, in particular the PI3K/Akt/GSK‐3 pathway. Further studies on the mechanism of action of apigenin will likely provide new insight into its applicability for pharmacologic targeting of HIF‐1α for cancer therapeutic or chemopreventive purposes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Results of treatment of patients with superficial facial rhabdomyosarcomas on protocols of the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG), 1984–1997
Authors: Raney R. Beverly , Chintagumpala Murali , Anderson James , Pappo Alberto , Qualman Stephen , Wharam Moody , Wiener Eugene , Meyer William 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPurposeWe analyzed the outcome of 47 patients with superficial facial rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) treated on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group (IRSG) Protocols‐III, ‐IV‐Pilot, and ‐IV.MethodsWe reviewed patients' records. Clinico‐pathologic features, treatment, and outcome were examined to identify prognostic factors.ResultsThirty‐two patients were males; 35 patients were 1–9 years old at diagnosis. Tumor sites were buccal/cheek (N = 21), external nasal/nasolabial (N = 12), lip/chin (N = 9), and masseter (N = 5). Patients (46/47) had localized disease: 18 biopsy only (Group III), 17 microscopic residual tumor (Group II), and 11 complete resection without residual tumor (Group I). Eight‐year estimated event‐free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OAS) rates were 61% and 65%. Patients <12 months old had inferior EFS, 21%, compared to ∼68% in older patients (P = 0.077). Eight‐year EFS rates were 80% for females and 50% for males (P = 0.096). Eight‐year EFS rates were 72% in 33 patients without regional lymph‐nodal tumor and 39% in 14 patients with regional nodal tumor (P = 0.07). Eight‐year EFS rates were 72% for 22 patients with embryonal RMS and 53% for 23 patients with alveolar RMS (P = 0.28). Location of the primary tumor was not significantly related to outcome.ConclusionsPatients with superficial facial RMS often have localized, grossly resectable lesions at the time of presentation. Favorable prognostic factors include age >12 months, female gender, embryonal histology, and no lymph‐nodal tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:958–964. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inherited ADAMTS13 deficiency: Unique presentation and treatment
Authors: Born Hayley , Peters Antoinette , Ettinger Robert 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA 3‐year‐old male presented with severe thrombocytopenia and microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in conjunction with severe bilateral otitis media. After laboratory analysis, a diagnosis of inherited ADAMTS13 deficiency was proven. Rather than treating with prophylactic fresh frozen plasma, to date the patient has been successfully treated with single‐donor, directed plasma infusions in response to early signs of relapse. It may be reasonable to consider observational and reactive care rather than prophylactic care in some cases of inherited ADAMTS13 deficiency. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:956–957. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Integration of a palliative and terminal care center into a comprehensive pediatric oncology department
Authors: Golan Hana , Bielorai Bella , Grebler Dorit , Izraeli Shai , Rechavi Gideon , Toren Amos 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe sharp division between curative cancer therapy and palliative care results in the late introduction of palliative care and a high incidence of suffering in children with cancer. We established a Palliative Care Unit (PCU) that is fully integrated with the Pediatric Hematology Oncology Department (PHOD). We wished to explore the impact of such integrative model on patterns of hospitalizations and exposure to palliative care of pediatric oncology patients.ProceduresRetrospective search of medical records of patients admitted to the PHOD since PCU establishment in 1999, and of children who died from progressive disease between 1990 and 2005 was performed. Differences in clinical and prognostic variables between PCU and non‐PCU patients, and differences in location of death before and after PCU establishment were evaluated.ResultsThe majority (59%) of patients, who were hospitalized after the PCU establishment, were hospitalized in the PCU, including 49% of the good prognosis patients and 91% of the poor prognosis patients. Poor prognosis patients were hospitalized in the PCU earlier and with higher frequency compared to children with curable disease. After PCU opening there was a significant decline in the percentage of patients who died in the general pediatric ward, hematology‐oncology ward, and at home from 40%, 26% and 28% to 4%, 8%, and 16%, respectively.ConclusionsOur integrative model results in exposure of the majority of children with cancer to palliative care. For poor prognosis patients, palliative care is introduced early enough to allow gradual transition from symptom control after diagnosis to end of life care. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:949–955. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Continuous real‐time glucose monitoring systems: time for a closer look
Authors: Kerr D , Fayers K 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFor some time continuous glucose monitoring has been available, enabling patients to comprehend fully the extent of glycaemic excursions and the knock‐on effects that occur with day‐to‐day diabetes control. However, unlike simple capillary blood glucose measurements, the continuous glucose monitoring sensor (CGMS) has, up until now, provided downloadable, retrospective data. Newer innovations have led to the development of ‘ real‐time’ CGMSs, empowering the patient by providing an effective early warning system and audible alarms. Contrary to initial concerns regarding these devices, patients are not overwhelmed by the data and trial evidence reveals a demonstrable improvement in HbA1c. We identify the monitors available in the UK and summarise trial evidence to date in this newly emerging field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons.
Long term anoxia in rainbow trout investigated by 2‐DE and MS/MS
Authors: Wulff Tune , Jessen Flemming , Roepstorff Peter , Hoffmann Else K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwenty‐four hours of N2 induced anoxia induced global perturbations on protein expression in rainbow trout hypodermal fibroblasts cell line. Anoxia was obtained by depleting the medium of O2 by flushing with N2, and protein changes were studied by 2‐DE coupled with MS providing quantitative measurements of a large number of proteins in one single study. The anoxic insult changed the level of 33 protein spots: 22 of these were up‐regulated compared to the control situation and 11 were down‐regulated. Using MS/MS sequencing 19 of the 33 protein spots that changed were identified, corresponding to a success rate of more than 50%. The identified proteins included two proteins involved in energy metabolism namely phosphoglycerate mutase and isocitrate dehydrogenase. In addition we observed the up‐regulation of a cluster of proteins that contribute to cytoskeleton function. These are calpain, EB1, and Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI). The up‐regulation of Rho GDI was shown to develop in a time dependent manner with no significant increase for up to 8 h of anoxia. In conclusion, this study provides a thorough investigation of the effect of anoxia in a cell line from rainbow trout.
Effect of phosphine dose on sorption in wheat
Authors: Daglish Gregory J , Pavic Hervoika 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: In spite of the extensive use of phosphine fumigation around the world to control insects in stored grain, and the knowledge that grain sorbs phosphine, the effect of concentration on sorption has not been quantified. A laboratory study was undertaken, therefore, to investigate the effect of phosphine dose on sorption in wheat. Wheat was added to glass flasks to achieve filling ratios of 0.25–0.95, and the flasks were sealed and injected with phosphine at 0.1–1.5 mg L−1 based on flask volume. Phosphine concentration was monitored for 8 days at 25 °C and 55% RH.RESULTS: When sorption occurred, phosphine concentration declined with time and was approximately first order, i.e. the data fitted an exponential decay equation. Percentage sorption per day was directly proportional to filling ratio, and was negatively correlated with dose for any given filling ratio. Based on the results, a tenfold increase in dose would result in a halving of the sorption constant and the percentage daily loss. Wheat was less sorptive if it was fumigated for a second time.CONCLUSIONS: The results have implications for the use of phosphine for control of insects in stored wheat. This study shows that dose is a factor that must be considered when trying to understand the impact of sorption on phosphine concentration, and that there appears to be a limit to the capacity of wheat to sorb phosphine. Copyright © The State of Queensland (through the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries) 2008.
Comparing syndromic surveillance detection methods: EARS' versus a CUSUM‐based methodology
Authors: Fricker Ronald D. , Hegler Benjamin L. , Dunfee David A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis paper compares the performance of three detection methods, entitled C1, C2, and C3, that are implemented in the early aberration reporting system (EARS) and other syndromic surveillance systems versus the CUSUM applied to model‐based prediction errors. The cumulative sum (CUSUM) performed significantly better than the EARS' methods across all of the scenarios we evaluated. These scenarios consisted of various combinations of large and small background disease incidence rates, seasonal cycles from large to small (as well as no cycle), daily effects, and various types and levels of random daily variation. This leads us to recommend replacing the C1, C2, and C3 methods in existing syndromic surveillance systems with an appropriately implemented CUSUM method. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.