bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Microstructure of trabecular bone in a mouse model for down syndrome
Authors: Parsons Trish , Ryan Timothy M. , Reeves Roger H. , Richtsmeier Joan T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDown syndrome (DS) is caused by trisomy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) and results in a suite of dysmorphic phenotypes, including effects on the postcranial skeleton and the skull. We have previously demonstrated parallels in the patterns of craniofacial dysmorphology in DS and in the Ts65Dn mouse model for DS. The specific mechanisms underlying the production of these changes in craniofacial shape remain unknown. High‐resolution computed tomography scan data were collected for the presphenoid bone of euploid and aneuploid mice. Three‐dimensional morphometric parameters of trabecular bone were quantified and compared between euploid and aneuploid mice using nonparametric statistical tests. Aneuploid presphenoid bones were smaller than those of their euploid littermates and had lower bone volume fraction and fewer, more rod‐like trabeculae. The differences in cancellous bone structure suggest that bone development, perhaps including bone modeling and remodeling, is affected by aneuploidy. These differences may contribute to the observed dysmorphology of skull and postcranial skeletal phenotypes in DS. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
c‐fos gene expression is increased in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus of Sprague‐Dawley rats With visceral pain induced by acetic acid without detectable changes of corticotrophin‐releasing factor mRNA: A quantitative approach with an image analysis system
Authors: Hwang Bang H. , Chang Hung‐Ming , Gu Zhu‐Hua , Suzuki Ryoji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study is the first of its kind to demonstrate that c‐Fos immunoreactivity (ir) together with c‐fos mRNA in their immediately adjacent tissue sections of a discrete brain region can be reliably measured. The c‐fos gene expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) of Sprague‐Dawley rats for an animal model for visceral or somatovisceral pain induced by 2% acetic acid (AA) was used in this study. Specifically, c‐fos mRNA signals were measured by quantitative autoradiography after in situ hybridization using c‐fos oligodeoxynucleotide probe, and c‐Fos‐ir signals were represented by c‐Fos immunostaining, as detected using c‐Fos antibody in a regular immunohistochemistry. Signals from both c‐Fos‐ir and c‐fos mRNA in the PVN were measured from their immediately adjacent cryostat sections. For the measurement of c‐Fos‐ir, it was carried out by reading 10 rectangles (1,000 μm2/rectangle) on each PVN section with c‐Fos immunostaining. Specific signals were obtained from subtracting the nonspecific background signal from the total signals using a computer‐assisted image analysis system. Results indicated that the AA treatment induced a significant increase of both c‐Fos‐ir and c‐fos mRNA in the PVN. Interestingly, there was no increase of corticotrophin‐releasing factor (CRF) mRNA expression in the PVN and central nucleus of the amygdala of Sprague‐Dawley rats subjected to the AA treatment. In summary, this study has demonstrated that c‐Fos‐ir in the PVN with an anatomical resolution can be semiquantitatively measured after immunohistochemistry using an image analysis system, and that increased c‐fos mRNA in the PVN 1 hr after the AA treatment is associated with no changes of the CRF mRNA expression. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of the vasculature of the caprine reproductive organs using the tissue‐clearing technique, with special reference to the angioarchitecture of the utero‐ovarian vessels and the adaptation of the ovarian and/or vaginal arteries to multiple pregnancies
Authors: Hafez Shireen A. , Freeman Larry E. , Caceci Thomas , Smith Bonnie J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractArteries of the reproductive tracts of nonpregnant does and does at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, and 18 weeks of gestation were injected in situ with Microfil®. The tracts were fixed, dehydrated, and rendered transparent to reveal the paths of arteries. The tortuous ovarian artery lay in close apposition to the uterine tributary of the ovarian vein, an arrangement that may serve as a local utero‐ovarian pathway for the corpus luteum (CL) luteolysis at the end of nonfertile estrous cycle. During pregnancy, this arteriovenous arrangement might transfer luteotropic substances from uterus to ovary, which might serve in maternal recognition of pregnancy and fit the fact that the goat is CL‐dependent throughout gestation. In some cases of triplets, the size of the uterine branch of the ovarian artery was equal to or even larger than that of its parent artery and/or the ipsilateral uterine artery, and the vaginal artery contributed a connecting branch to the uterine artery. These physiological adaptations of the ovarian and/or vaginal arteries, which have not previously been described, correlate well with the increasing nutrient demands of the growing multiple fetuses. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Wavelet transform in denoising magnetic archaeological prospecting data
Authors: Tsivouraki B. , Tsokas G. N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMagnetic measurements in archaeological prospecting are often affected by cultural noise having the same high‐frequency content as anomalies arising from buried antiquities. Also, in many cases the microrelief of the ground surface causes a noise that is coherent, pseudorandom and periodic. The main cause of this kind of noise is the ploughing of the earth. In this paper the efficiency of a wavelet denoising scheme is tested with respect to these types of unwanted disturbances. The proposed scheme combines the cyclospinning algorithm with a variable threshold calculated in each cycle of the algorithm. Tests on synthetic and real data show a satisfactory performance of the technique in suppressing both the white noise and the coherent noise caused by the systematic undulations of the ground surface. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The double role of ontologies in information science research
Authors: Fonseca Frederico 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn philosophy, Ontology is the basic description of things in the world. In information science, an ontology refers to an engineering artifact, constituted by a specific vocabulary used to describe a certain reality. Ontologies have been proposed for validating both conceptual models and conceptual schemas; however, these roles are quite dissimilar. In this article, we show that ontologies can be better understood if we classify the different uses of the term as it appears in the literature. First, we explain Ontology (upper case O) as used in Philosophy. Then, we propose a differentiation between ontologies of information systems and ontologies for information systems. All three concepts have an important role in information science. We clarify the different meanings and uses of Ontology and ontologies through a comparison of research by Wand and Weber and by Guarino in ontology‐driven information systems. The contributions of this article are twofold: (a) It provides a better understanding of what ontologies are, and (b) it explains the double role of ontologies in information science research.
Pharmacokinetic study of salvianolic acid A in rat after intravenous administration of Danshen injection
Authors: Hou Yuan‐Yuan , Peng Jia‐Min , Chao Ruo‐Bing 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to research the pharmacokinetics of salvianolic acid A (SalA), a herbal ingredient isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, after intravenous administration to rats, a specific and accurate high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was developed. The assay procedure involved simple liquid–liquid extraction of SalA and internal standard (IS, ethyl‐p‐hydroxybenzoate) from plasma into ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated and evaporated under reduced pressure at 40°C. The residue was reconstituted in the mobile phase and analyzed on an Inertsil C8 column, monitored at 285 nm. The mobile phase, which consisted of methanol–acetonitrile–water–formic acid (10:20:70:0.4, by vol), was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The ratio of the peak area of the analyte to IS was applied to quantify the plasma samples. The standard curve for SalA was linear (r2 = 0.9999) in the concentration range of 0.75–150 µg/mL. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) of SalA was 0.75 µg/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions (RSD) of the quality control (QC) samples were in the ranges of 2.17–3.29 and 1.24–5.28%, respectively. Accuracy in the measurement of QC samples ranged from 94.7 to 101.1%. This method was validated for specificity, accuracy and precision and was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of SalA in rat plasma after intravenous administration of Danshen injection. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Homeless mothers: is there a relationship between coping strategies, mental health and goal achievement?
Authors: Tischler Victoria A. , Vostanis Panos 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examined the relationship between coping, mental health and goal achievement among homeless mothers. Seventy‐two women took part and 44 were re‐interviewed 4 months later. The Family Crisis Oriented Personal Evaluation Scales (F‐COPES) were used to identify their coping strategies at the time of homelessness; the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) measured mental health problems; and a semi‐structured questionnaire identified their goals. Outcome measures at follow‐up were goal achievement and mental health. A variety of coping strategies were used, with some differences ascertained according to reason for homelessness and age of respondent. Lower use of problem‐focussed coping was associated with poorer mental health at the time of homelessness. Mental health problems improved over time, but levels of psychopathology remained high at follow‐up. Most women had achieved their primary goal of resettlement, and this was associated with use of problem‐focussed coping. Lower use of problem‐focussed coping, in particular, acquiring social support, was associated with continuation of mental health problems at follow‐up, however the greatest predictor of mental health at follow‐up was mental health status whilst homeless. Despite exposure to major stressors and poor mental health, mothers experiencing homelessness can maintain their ability to cope effectively, in order to achieve their goals. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Community as practice: social representations of community and their implications for health promotion
Authors: Stephens Christine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHealth promotion researchers and practitioners have increasingly turned to community‐based approaches. Although there has been much work around the diverse understandings of the term in areas such as community psychology and sociology, I am concerned with how such understandings relate directly to community health research and practice. From a discursive perspective ‘community’ is seen as a socially constructed representation that is used variously and pragmatically. However, from a wider view, community can be seen as a matter of embodied practice. This paper draws on social representations theory to examine the shifting constructions of ‘community’, the functional use of those understandings in social life, and the practices that suggest that it is important to attend to their use in particular contexts. Accordingly, the paper argues that meanings of community in the health promotion or public health context must be seen as representations used for specific purposes in particular situations. Furthermore, the broader notion of embodied practice in social life has implications for community participation in health promotion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Controlling the Confinement and Alignment of Fullerene C70 in para‐Substituted Calix[5]arenes
Authors: Makha Mohamed , McKinnon Joshua J. , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Spackman Mark A. , Raston Colin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn toluene fullerene C70 forms 2:1 complexes with p‐benzylcalix[5]arene (1) and p‐phenylcalix[5]arene (2), [C70⊂12]⋅6 (C7H8) and [C70⊂22]⋅7 (C7H8). The fullerene molecules are completely shrouded by two calix[5]arenes in addition to terminal benzyl groups from other supermolecules, [C70⊂12], and solvent. Within the capsule‐like supermolecules the calixarenes have distinctly different arrangements relative to the principal axis of the fullerene; for [C70⊂12]⋅6 (C7H8) the oxygen planes of the two calixarenes are skewed by 37.0 and 47.5°, whereas in [C70⊂22]⋅7 (C7H8) the principal axes of the fullerene and the two encapsulating calixarenes are more closely aligned with the corresponding angles at 9.7 and 8.6°, and features a pentaphenyl inter‐calixarene embrace. The Hirshfeld surfaces of these two complexes have been investigated for a detailed understanding of the orientation and nature of interactions of C70 with the cavitand‐type molecules and toluene.
Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition by a Non‐Heme Iron(III) Catalase Mimic: A DFT Study
Authors: Sicking Willi , Korth Hans‐Gert , Jansen Georg , de Groot Herbert , Sustmann Reiner 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNon‐heme iron(III) complexes of 14‐membered tetraaza macrocycles have previously been found to catalytically decompose hydrogen peroxide to water and molecular oxygen, like the native enzyme catalase. Here the mechanism of this reaction is theoretically investigated by DFT calculations at the (U)B3LYP/6‐31G* level, with focus on the reactivity of the possible spin states of the FeIII complexes. The computations suggest that H2O2 decomposition follows a homolytic route with intermediate formation of an iron(IV) oxo radical cation species (L.+FeIVO) that resembles Compound I of natural iron porphyrin systems. Along the whole catalytic cycle, no significant energetic differences were found for the reaction proceeding on the doublet (S=1/2) or on the quartet (S=3/2) hypersurface, with the single exception of the rate‐determining OO bond cleavage of the first associated hydrogen peroxide molecule, for which reaction via the doublet state is preferred. The sextet (S=5/2) state of the FeIII complexes appears to be unreactive in catalase‐like reactions.
Examination of Research Trends on Patient Factors in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators
Authors: Stutts Lauren A. , Cross Natalie J. , Conti Jamie B. , Sears Samuel F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the most effective treatment available for terminating potentially life‐threatening ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation and reducing the risk of mortality. Despite its established health benefits, ICD therapy is accompanied by a unique array of patient and psychological factors meriting ample research attention. The purpose of this paper is to examine research trends and results regarding patient factors in cardiac and ICD research and to discuss key areas for future research.Hypothesis:An increase in articles associated with patient factors in cardiac and ICD research will be shown over time.Methods:The Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) system in PubMed was used to index articles under a range of psychosocial headings for both cardiovascular disease and ICDs to quantify the frequency of articles published across time, the journals most frequently utilized, the most productive institutions, and the most common areas of inquiry.Results:A significant positive relationship was revealed between patient factors in cardiac research (r = 0.96, p<0.01) and ICD research (r = 0.88, p<0.01) over time. Research is limited by the small number of investigations and institutions. Of the 178 articles on patient factors in ICD research, the most frequent areas of inquiry were psychosocial treatment (70.79%), anxiety (33.15%), quality of life (32.02%), and depression (29.78%).Conclusion:Future research examining positive adjustment is warranted, especially in light of increased prophylactic ICD implantation and possible decreased treatment burden associated with decreased shocks.
Analysis of the weak interactions of ADP‐Unc104 and ADP‐kinesin with microtubules and their inhibition by MAP2c
Authors: Al‐Bassam Jawdat , Roger Benoit , Halpain Shelley , Milligan Ronald A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicrotubule based motors like conventional kinesin (Kinesin‐1) and Unc104 (Kinesin‐3), and classical microtubule associated proteins (MAPs), including MAP2, are intimately involved in neurite formation and organelle transport. The processive motility of both these kinesins involves weak microtubule interactions in the ADP‐bound states. Using cosedimentation assays, we have investigated these weak interactions and characterized their inhibition by MAP2c. We show that Unc104 binds microtubules with five‐fold weaker affinity and two‐fold higher stoichiometry compared with conventional kinesin. Unc104 and conventional kinesin binding affinities are primarily dependent on positively charged residues in the Unc104 K‐loop and conventional kinesin neck coiled‐coil and removal of these residues affects Unc104 and conventional kinesin differently. We observed that MAP2c acts primarily as a competitive inhibitor of Unc104 but a mixed inhibitor of conventional kinesin. Our data suggest a specific model in which MAP2c differentially interferes with each kinesin motor by inhibiting its weak attachment to the tubulin C‐termini. This is reminiscent of the defects we have observed in Unc104 and kinesin mutants in which the positively charged residues in K‐loop and neck coiled‐coil domains were removed. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
MR imaging in assessing cardiovascular interventions and myocardial injury
Authors: Jacquier Alexis , Higgins Charles B , Saeed Maythem 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPerforming an MR‐guided endovascular intervention requires (1) real‐time tracking and guidance of catheters/guide wires to the target, (2) high‐resolution images of the target and its surroundings in order to define the extent of the target, (3) performing a therapeutic procedure (delivery of stent or injection of gene or cells) and (4) evaluating the outcome of the therapeutic procedure. The combination of X‐ray and MR imaging (XMR) in a single suite was designed for new interventional procedures. MR contrast media can be used to delineate myocardial infarcts and microvascular obstruction, thereby defining the target for local delivery of therapeutic agents under MR‐guidance. Iron particles, or gadolinium‐ or dysprosium‐chelates are mixed with the soluble injectates or stem cells in order to track intramyocardial delivery and distribution. Preliminary results show that genes encoded for vascular endothelial and fibroblast growth factor and cells are effective in promoting angiogenesis, arteriogenesis, perfusion and LV function. Angiogenic growth factors, genes and cells administered under MR‐guided minimally invasive catheter‐based procedures will open up new avenues in treating end‐stage ischemic heart disease. The optimum dose of the therapeutic agents, delivery devices and real‐time imaging techniques to guide the delivery are currently the subject of ongoing research. The aim of this review is to (1) provide an updated review of experiences using MR imaging to guide transcatheter therapy, (2) address the potential of cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and MR contrast media in assessing myocardial injury at a molecular level and labeling cells and (3) illustrate the applicability of the non‐invasive MR imaging in the field of angiogenic therapies through recent clinical and experimental publications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phase I study of carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with solid tumors
Authors: de Lima Lopes Gilberto , Chiappori Alberto , Simon George , Haura Eric , Sullivan Dan , Antonia Scott , Langevin Michel , Lush Richard , Rocha‐Lima Caio Max 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.The objective of this study was to determine the maximum tolerated dose and dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT) of carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan in patients with solid tumors.METHODS.Patients with solid tumors who were not candidates for standard chemotherapy received escalating doses of carboplatin, gemcitabine, and irinotecan.RESULTS.Twenty‐eight patients were enrolled. Two of 4 patients who received carboplatin at an area under the curve (AUC) of 5 on Day 1 with gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 and irinotecan 80 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8 developed DLT, along with 2 of 12 patients at the immediate‐lower dose level: carboplatin at an AUC of 4 on Day 1 with gemcitabine 800 mg/m2 and irinotecan 80 mg/m2 on Days 1 and 8. In an attempt to improve drug delivery on Day 8, a different schedule was studied. Carboplatin at an AUC of 2, gemcitabine 800 mg/m2, and irinotecan 60 mg/m2, all given on Days 1 and 8, was explored in 12 patients. Two patients were unable to receive therapy on Day 8. Twenty‐four patients developed grade 3 or 4 hematologic toxicity. Nonhematologic side effects were mostly mild and reversible with the exception of 1 patient, who developed acute liver failure after the fourth cycle of chemotherapy and died. Objective responses were observed in 7 patients, including 5 patients who had small cell and neuroendocrine carcinomas.CONCLUSIONS.Carboplatin in combination with gemcitabine and irinotecan was feasible. However, compromise of single‐agent doses of all 3 drugs was necessary because of toxicity. Additional studies are warranted in patients with small cell and high‐grade neuroendocrine carcinomas. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Combination therapy with arsenic trioxide, all‐trans retinoic acid, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin in recurrent acute promyelocytic leukemia
Authors: Aribi Ahmed , Kantarjian Hagop M. , Estey Elihu H. , Koller Charles A. , Thomas Deborah A. , Kornblau Steven M. , Faderl Stefan H. , Laddie Nakia M. , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Cortes Jorge E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.From 20% to 30% of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) who are treated with all‐trans retinoic acid (ATRA) develop recurrent disease. Arsenic trioxide (ATO) is an effective agent for the salvage of patients with recurrent APL, and gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) has shown activity in patients with APL.METHODS.The authors investigated the efficacy of a combination of ATO, ATRA, and GO in 8 patients with APL in first recurrence (7 patients with hematologic recurrences and 1 patient with a molecular recurrence). All patients had received previous treatment with ATRA either alone or in combination with other agents. Patients received ATO 0.15 mg/kg intravenously until they achieved a bone marrow complete remission (CR). Once in CR, patients received consolidation with ATO, ATRA, and GO for 10 months. Patients then received maintenance with idarubicin, ATRA, 6‐marcaptopurine, and oral methotrexate for 11 months.RESULTS.All 7 patients who had hematologic recurrences achieved CR after a median of 39 days (range, 21–56 days). After a median follow‐up of ≥36 months (range, 4–55 months), 6 patients remained alive in CR, and 2 patients died in CR. Six of 8 patients remained in second CR that was longer than their first CR. All 7 evaluable patients achieved molecular remission. There were no grade 3 or 4 extramedullary toxicities. Two patients died, 1 secondary to a complication of metastatic lung adenocarcinoma, and the other of sepsis.CONCLUSIONS.The combination of ATO, ATRA, and GO was effective and may achieve durable remissions in patients with APL in first recurrence. It should be considered as an effective alternative to allogeneic or autologous transplantation. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.