bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Soliton solutions to a nonlinear wave equation via modern methods
Authors: Sarker Shuvo , Karim Rezaul , Akbar M. Ali , Osman M. S. , Dey Pinakee 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this pioneering study, we have systematically derived traveling wave solutions for the highly intricate Zoomeron equation, employing well-established mathematical frameworks, notably the modified (G′/G)-expansion technique. Twenty distinct mathematical solutions have been revealed, each distinguished by distinguishable characteristics in the domains of hyperbolic, trigonometric, and irrational expressions. Furthermore, we have used the formidable computational capabilities of Maple software to construct depictions of these solutions, both in two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualizations. The visual representations vividly capture the essence of our findings, showcasing a diverse spectrum of wave profiles, including the kink-type shape, soliton solutions, bell-shaped waveforms, and periodic traveling wave profiles, all of which are clarified with careful precision.
Extracting Features from Foul Actions of Basketball Players in Real Time Using Machine Vision
Authors: Du Dongxu , Chai Linyan , Li Minggang , Jiang Liao , Choosakul Chairat , Liu Shixiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the global economic landscape rapidly advances and people's quality of life continues to improve, there is a noticeable increase in the demand for various sports, including basketball. Athletes of diverse skill levels find physical, social, and emotional satisfaction in engaging in basketball activities. In contemporary times, the requisites for success in basketball, such as height, speed, accuracy, distance, and strength, are escalating. The frequency of body contact has also intensified, leading to heightened intensity in ball shooting among players and an inevitability of fouls in offensive and defensive interactions. This dynamic poses challenges to the seamless progression of the sport, and the existence of various foul rules adds an element of unpredictability and uncontrollability to the game of basketball. The data reveals interesting insights. In terms of dribble defense, the Chinese team committed 16 fouls, whereas their opponents committed 33 fouls. However, in the context of shooting defense, the Chinese team had a higher foul count compared to their opponents. Conversely, when it came to defending the ball, the Chinese team committed fewer fouls than their opponents. In the category of preventing the ball, the Chinese team had 16 fouls compared to the opponent team's 12 fouls. Overall, the Chinese team demonstrated fewer fouls than their opponents in the realm of defense. The data underscores a potential highlight the specific factors influencing foul occurrences in different defensive scenarios. The study introduces a machine vision approach, which outperformed existing methods in classifying actions as fouls or not. This innovative application showcases the effectiveness of advanced technology in addressing the challenges associated with fouls in basketball, offering a promising avenue for further research and practical implementation. The comprehensive experimental results suggest that the machine vision approach outperformed existing methods in classifying actions as fouls or not, showcasing its effectiveness in addressing the challenge of fouls in basketball.
Hybrid Strategies Based Seagull Optimization Algorithm for Solving Engineering Design Problems
Authors: Hou Pingjing , Liu Jiang , Ni Feng , Zhang Leyi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe seagull optimization algorithm (SOA) is a meta-heuristic algorithm proposed in 2019. It has the advantages of structural simplicity, few parameters and easy implementation. However, it also has some defects including the three main drawbacks of slow convergence speed, simple search method and poor ability of balancing global exploration and local exploitation. Besides, most of the improved SOA algorithms in the literature have not considered the drawbacks of the SOA comprehensively enough. This paper proposes a hybrid strategies based algorithm (ISOA) to overcome the three main drawbacks of the SOA. Firstly, a hyperbolic tangent function is used to adjust the spiral radius. The spiral radius can change dynamically with the iteration of the algorithm, so that the algorithm can converge quickly. Secondly, an adaptive weight factor improves the position updating method by adjusting the proportion of the best individual to balance the global and local search abilities. Finally, to overcome the single search mode, an improved chaotic local search strategy is introduced for secondary search. A comprehensive comparison between the ISOA and other related algorithms is presented, considering twelve test functions and four engineering design problems. The comparison results indicate that the ISOA has an outstanding performance and a significant advantage in solving engineering problems, especially with an average improvement of 14.67% in solving welded beam design problem.
Effect of plasmapheresis on drug pharmacokinetics in children: a structured review of the current literature
Authors: Yaghyazaryan André , Gracchi Valentina , le Poole Kaatje , Touw Daan J. , Kneyber Martin C. J. , Mian Paola 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
In this structured review, we present a structured overview on the effect of plasmapheresis on pharmacokinetics (PK) of drugs in children. Furthermore, we intended to analyse if, based on the changed PK, evidence-based drug dosing regimens for drugs at therapeutic dosages in this population have been developed.

Methods
A structured literature search assessing drug PK/exposure in children undergoing plasmapheresis was conducted in EMBASE and PubMed on 23 March 2023. Studies were labelled as relevant when data on PK/exposure after plasmapheresis in patients younger than 18 years-old was reported. Extracted parameters included patient characteristics, plasmapheresis related characteristics and PK/exposure related parameters.

Results
Twenty-six studies were identified, 96% being case reports. PK/exposure data for eighteen drugs in children undergoing plasmapheresis were included, 69% of the studies reported significant change in drug exposure after plasmapheresis. In 38% of the studies plasmapheresis was used in combination with drugs at therapeutic dosages, with no significant drug removal. No evidence-based drug dosing regimen for drugs at therapeutic dosages in children undergoing plasmapheresis have been developed. However, the usefulness of plasmapheresis in drug poisoning has been demonstrated, in case reports, for 31% of the overdosages.

Conclusions
This structured review shows that a very limited number of studies have been performed on the PK/exposure of drugs in children undergoing plasmapheresis. Furthermore, it became clear that predicting the risk of drug removal by plasmapheresis based on theoretical (drug properties or PK) criteria for adults is not always applicable to children.
Predicting lateral displacement of sand for mat foundation under simplified seismic loading
Authors: Haque Md. Foisal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research presents the settlement factor of sand for the lateral seismic excitation considering various peak ground accelerations. For this reason, analytical formulations are proposed to calculate the settlement factor. A one-dimensional model is considered to derive these formulations, which is the simplified form of the three-dimensional model. The seismic excitation is simplified by considering only peak ground acceleration (PGA) for the development of formulations. The proposed formulations are verified by the previous numerical studies. Also, a parametric study is conducted to consider the variable parameters such as super-structure loads, mat thickness, PGA factors, and depths of sand. According to the verification results, the observed and calculated sand settlement factor variation rates are slightly higher because of the considerations for the development of the proposed model. The maximum value of the sand settlement factor is found to be 434 for the PGA factor of 0.36 at the highest depth of the sand layer. Also, the sand settlement factor is gradually increased with the increment of the depth for all cases due to the increment of the stiffness. The lateral sand settlement factor is varied within a range of (60 ~ 434) considering all PGAs of the lateral seismic excitation.
Change in international order? An institutional analysis
Authors: Friedner Parrat Charlotta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany are now discussing the possible demise of the so called ‘liberal international order’, but how can we know whether any international order is changing? This article argues for understanding order as maintained by institutions of international society and further theorises the role those institutions play in the stability or transformation of international order. To usefully put institutional analysis to work, this article, first, models the stylised evolution of a primary institution. Second, it illustrates this evolution with a discussion of the historical institution of trusteeship in order to historicise adaptation and transformation in international order. Finally, this leads to a generalised idea of how institutional analysis can be employed to study stability and transformation in international order. Beyond making a contribution to the wider debates about the possible demise of the current international order, this piece also fills a gap in English School theory, which is quite silent on the question of when international society furthers transformation, and when it furthers stability. Accepting the view of history that the future is contingent on today’s events, this study suggests possible points where push comes to shove for change and continuity in international order more generally.
A new species of the iconic triradial Ediacaran genus Tribrachidium from Nilpena Ediacara National Park, Flinders Ranges (South Australia)
Authors: Botha Tory L. , García-Bellido Diego C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTribrachidium heraldicum Glaessner in Glaessner and Daily, 1959 is a triradial Ediacaran organism found in abundance within the Ediacara Member of the Flinders Ranges, South Australia. Here we report and describe a new species within the genus Tribrachidium Glaessner in Glaessner and Daily, 1959: Tribrachidium gehlingi new species from Nilpena Ediacara National Park (NENP), South Australia. Tribrachidium gehlingi n. sp. has low relief and three slightly curved, main arm-like structures that leave a conspicuous gap between the end of the arm-like structures and rim. In place of the ‘bulla’ found on T. herladicum, there are three secondary arm-like structures approximately half of the length of the main arm-like structures. Key morphological differences between the two species are statistically significantly different. Additionally, the species occur together within the same fossiliferous event horizons, indicating that the observed morphological differences are unlikely a result of taphonomy.UUID: http://zoobank.org/196bef68-54da-42a9-9327-dcb55411a457
Plasma neurofilament light chain is increased in Niemann-Pick Type C but glial fibrillary acidic protein remains normal
Authors: Eratne Dhamidhu , Lewis Courtney , Kelso Wendy , Loi Samantha , Chiu Wei-Hsuan Michelle , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Santillo Alexander F , Velakoulis Dennis , Walterfang Mark ,   The MiND Study Group
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
Niemann-Pick Type C (NPC) is a genetic neurodegenerative lysosomal storage disorder commonly associated with psychiatric symptoms and delays to accurate diagnosis and treatment. This study investigated biomarker levels and diagnostic utility of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in NPC compared to healthy controls.

Methods:
Patients with NPC were recruited from a specialist assessment and management service. Data was available from an age and sex-matched healthy control group. NfL and GFAP were measured on Quanterix Simoa HD-X analysers and groups compared using generalised linear models. NfL levels were compared to, and percentiles derived from, recently developed NfL reference ranges.

Results:
Plasma NfL was significantly elevated in 11 patients with NPC compared to 25 controls (mean 17.1 vs. 7.4 pg/ml, p < 0.001), and reference ranges (all >98th percentile). NfL distinguished NPC from controls with high accuracy. GFAP levels were not elevated in NPC (66.6 vs. 75.1 pg/ml).

Discussion:
The study adds important evidence on the potential diagnostic utility of plasma NfL in NPC, extends the literature of NfL as a diagnostic tool to differentiate neurodegenerative from primary psychiatric disorders, and adds support to the pathology in NPC primarily involving neuronal, particularly axonal, degeneration.
Inventing Ancestors and Limited Empiricism in Chosŏn Korea: A Case of the Kigye Yu Lineage
Authors: Kim Sun Joo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates how the members of the Kigye Yu lineage imagined and invented their ancestral roots during the Chosŏn dynasty (1392–1910) and how such a pursuit of ancestral origins led to subsequent developments in genealogical records. As early as the fifteenth century, Chosŏn elites began to show interests in genealogy that included identifying remote ancestors from ancient times for various political, social, and cultural reasons. From the seventeenth century, the transformation of kinship organization in line with the Confucian ideal of patriliny and elites’ competition for power and prestige intensified genealogical consciousness. Elites became heavily invested in searching for ancestral origins in the form of their lineages’ founders and their tombs. While claiming to rely on documentary and physical evidence, elites often deviated from their professed empiricism and adopted evidence from dubious sources such as oral testimonies and geomancy to rationalize invented ancestral roots. Such pliable approaches, often observed in other early modern cultures such as late imperial China and Europe, opened a floodgate of lineages glorifying their ancestry by pushing their origins back even to mythical founders of ancient Korean and Chinese kingdoms, and adorning their lineages with invented heroes. At the same time, loopholes and blank spots in genealogies enabled quasi- and nonelites to become a member of prominent lineages by grafting their names onto their family trees.
Optimizing precision medicine for second-step depression treatment: a machine learning approach
Authors: Curtiss Joshua , Smoller Jordan W. , Pedrelli Paola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLess than a third of patients with depression achieve successful remission with standard first-step antidepressant monotherapy. The process for determining appropriate second-step care is often based on clinical intuition and involves a protracted course of trial and error, resulting in substantial patient burden and unnecessary delay in the provision of optimal treatment. To address this problem, we adopt an ensemble machine learning approach to improve prediction accuracy of remission in response to second-step treatments.MethodData were derived from the Level 2 stage of the STAR*D dataset, which included 1439 patients who were randomized into one of seven different second-step treatment strategies after failing to achieve remission during first-step antidepressant treatment. Ensemble machine learning models, comprising several individual algorithms, were evaluated using nested cross-validation on 155 predictor variables including clinical and demographic measures.ResultsThe ensemble machine learning algorithms exhibited differential classification performance in predicting remission status across the seven second-step treatments. For the full set of predictors, AUC values ranged from 0.51 to 0.82 depending on the second-step treatment type. Predicting remission was most successful for cognitive therapy (AUC = 0.82) and least successful for other medication and combined treatment options (AUCs = 0.51–0.66).ConclusionEnsemble machine learning has potential to predict second-step treatment. In this study, predictive performance varied by type of treatment, with greater accuracy in predicting remission in response to behavioral treatments than to pharmacotherapy interventions. Future directions include considering more informative predictor modalities to enhance prediction of second-step treatment response.
‘Only my family can help’: the lived experience and care aesthetics of being resident on an NHS psychiatric/mental health inpatient dementia assessment ward – a single case study
Authors: Jones Lesley , Cullum Nicky , Watson Ruth , Thompson James , Keady John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In the United Kingdom, people living with dementia admitted to National Health Service (NHS) psychiatric/mental health inpatient dementia assessment wards (dementia assessment wards) are nearly always compulsorily detained under a section of the Mental Health Act 1983 owing to the risk and complexity of the presenting condition. As such, dementia assessment wards admit some of the most vulnerable patients in society, yet these environments of care are under-researched and under-reported in the literature. Using care aesthetics as an overarching explanatory lens, this article focuses on the care of one patient (Charlotte – not her real name) resident on a dementia assessment ward and uses a range of qualitative methods to illuminate that experience, including ethnographic observations and a care record review. To further develop the reach of the case study, interviews were also conducted with Charlotte's husband as her main family carer and key ward staff involved in Charlotte's care. Data were analysed using a sensory and narrative-based method to provide a sequential, embodied, individually positioned and storied account of Charlotte's care and interpreted experience on the ward. The analysis revealed that Charlotte's presentation of dementia was complex insofar as she resisted any attempt by the ward staff to offer her food or drink or to help with washing and dressing. Charlotte also swore frequently and loudly and spent time actively ‘watching’ and ‘looking’ at people and the environment in which she was now living. The findings contribute to the fields of critical dementia studies, dementia education, health-care practice and policy making, and may be used to highlight the value of sensory and embodied approaches to capturing a caring dynamic.
Association between risk of malnutrition defined by patient-generated subjective global assessment and adverse outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Junfang , Xu Wei , Zhang Heng , Fan Yu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
To assess the association between the risk of malnutrition, as estimated by the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA) numerical scores, and adverse outcomes in oncology patients.

Design:
Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Settings:
A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CKNI, VIP, Sinomed and Wanfang databases. Studies that examined the association between the risk of malnutrition, as estimated by the PG-SGA numerical scores, and overall survival (OS) or postoperative complications in oncology patients were included. Patients were classified as low risk (PG-SGA ≤ 3), medium risk (PG-SGA 4–8) and high risk of malnutrition (PG-SGA > 8).

Subject:
Nineteen studies reporting on twenty articles (n 9286 patients).

Results:
The prevalence of medium and high risk of malnutrition ranged from 16·0 % to 71·6 %. A meta-analysis showed that cancer patients with medium and high risk of malnutrition had a poorer OS (adjusted hazard ratios (HR) 1·98; 95 % CI 1·77, 2·21) compared with those with a low risk of malnutrition. Stratified analysis revealed that the pooled HR was 1·55 (95 % CI 1·17, 2·06) for medium risk of malnutrition and 2·65 (95 % CI 1·90, 3·70) for high risk of malnutrition. Additionally, the pooled adjusted OR for postoperative complications was 4·65 (95 % CI 1·61, 13·44) for patients at medium and high risk of malnutrition.

Conclusions:
The presence of medium and high risk of malnutrition, as estimated by the PG-SGA numerical scores, is significantly linked to poorer OS and an increased risk of postoperative complications in oncology patients.
In Defence of (Over)Thinking
Authors: GuhaRoy SuddhaSatwa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract‘You are overthinking that!’ The article argues against the popular idea that too much of the activity of thinking is bad for individuals. Wrong thinking, I argue, is what is bad or unhealthy, irrespective of the length of time it is done for. Wrong thinking can lead to worrying, stress, and impedes practical action. But if thinking is done right, then you can't have too much of it.
Mourning in the time of coronavirus: Examining how grief differs in those who lost loved ones to COVID-19 vs. natural causes in Iran
Authors: Aliyaki Hajar , Momeni Fereshteh , Dolatshahi Behrouz , Hosseinzadeh Samaneh , Yousefi Shahab , Abdoli Fatemeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesOur study aimed to analyze and compare the grief experiences of individuals in Iran who lost family members to COVID-19 and those who lost loved ones to other natural causes.MethodsIn this study, telephone interviews were conducted with 640 first-degree relatives, and finally, a total of 395 people remained in the research. Participants answered the Prolonged Grief Questionnaire (PG-13-R) and Grief Experience Questionnaire.ResultsThe results showed that the most common symptoms and features of grief were feeling guilt, searching for an explanation, somatic reactions, and rejection, with no significant difference observed between the 2 death groups. However, the average scores for these symptoms were higher in the COVID-19 death group. Moreover, the majority of bereaved reported signs and symptoms of prolonged grief, with a higher percentage in the COVID-19 death group, although there was no significant difference between the 2 death groups in terms of the distribution of symptoms and signs of prolonged grief. These findings suggest that the bereavement process can be challenging, and losing a loved one to COVID-19 may lead to more intense experiences of grief.Significance of resultsThe study reveals high levels of guilt, searching for meaning, somatic reactions, and rejection among COVID-19 grievers. Losing loved ones to the pandemic appears linked to more intense, prolonged grief symptoms.