bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Radiology In Medical Undergraduate Education
Authors: Hoy Ronald J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe unique position of Radiology as a Diagnostic method, a method of teaching medicine, and an exercise in problem solving, justifies a greater contribution by radiologists to undergraduate medical education. The scope of the ideal contribution is outlined. Suggestions are made as to how it can be carried out. The active support of all radiologists is urged.
Relationship Between Radiologically Measured Trans‐pulmonary Artery Distance And The Mean Pulmonary Artery Pressure In Patients With Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Abedin Zainul. , Bidwai P. S. , Sodhi J. S. , Khattri H. N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe linear distance between the bifurcation of the main right and left pulmonary arteries was measured on a plain postero‐anterior chest radiograph in 20 healthy subjects and in 50 patients with mitral stenosis. For normal subjects, the range of trans‐pulmonary artery distance was 6.7 to 9.5 cm, with a mean of 8.2 cm, and S.D. of ±0.94. The mean value of this trans‐pulmonary artery distance for the group of 50 patients with mitral stenosis was 10.1 cm, the range being 8.2 to 13.0 cm, with a S.D. of ±1.2. TPAD in patients with mitral stenosis was significantly greater than the TPAD for normal subjects.Thirty‐four out of the 38 patients, i.e. 89.5% with a trans‐pulmonary artery distance of more than 9.5 cm, had mean pulmonary artery pressures of more than 30 mm Hg. Out of 12 patients with a trans‐pulmonary artery distance of less than 9.5 cm, only seven patients had a mean pulmonary artery pressure of more than 30 mm Hg.No linear correlation could be demonstrated between the trans‐pulmonary artery distance and the mean pulmonary artery pressure in patients with mitral stenosis.
Percutaneous Antegrade Urography — A Valuable Aid In The Diagnosis Of Renal Tract Pathology
Authors: Butcher Christine , Olbourne Norman A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe subject of percutaneous antegrade urography is reviewed and its value in the elucidation of renal tract pathology is highlighted by the report of a case in which the diagnosis and management depended on the investigation. The technique is reported in detail as are the indications, uses and complications associated with it.The view is expressed that this straightforward procedure should be readily available as a diagnostic aid to the clinical urologist in those patients in whom the more standard radiological investigations do not furnish him with a precise anatomical diagnosis.
Lymphography In Cancer Of The Uterus
Authors: Gagnon J. H. , Roman T. N. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBetween January 1965 and December 1970, one hundred and five foot Iymphograms were performed on 91 patients with cancer of the cervix and on 14 with cancer of the body of the uterus. All patients also had an intravenous pyelogram; of the patients with carcinoma of die cervix a little over one‐third initially had a normal lymphogram and a normal I.V.P. Approximately another third had both examinations abnormal suggesting metastases. Nine patients had a normal lymphogram and an abnormal I.V.P. In only six cases, the lymphogram suggested metastases not suspected on the I.V.P.Because of its relatively low accuracy in detecting early metastases in cancer of the uterus, lymphography should not be performed routinely in all these cases but should be reserved for specific problems.
Radioisotopic And Radiological Detection Of Bone Metastases
Authors: Marion Millicent A. , Perrett Lance V. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe bone scans and skeletal surveys of 261 patients with biopsy proven malignancy have been reviewed to assess the reliability of each investigation in the detection of bone metastases. The accuracy of scanning in the detection of bone metastases was 95% compared with the x‐ray accuracy of 87%. Both investigations were normal in the presence of metastases in less than 1% of patients.Biochemical abnormalities by comparison were present in only 70% of patients. Forty‐four per cent of patients with scan and/or radiological evidence of metastases were asymptomatic even though the lesions were usually multiple. This would indicate that a need does exist for investigation in patients with malignancy without clinical evidence of bone involvement.
Optimal Scanning Time With Technetium‐99m Labelled Bone Agents
Authors: Lovegrove F. T. A. , Ronai P. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYBone imaging with Technetium‐99m labelled phosphate complexes is safe and convenient. The pyrophosphate, triphosphate and polyphosphate were compared in human and mouse studies. Information on bone accumulation, blood disappearance and urinary excretion in 18 patients with these agents indicates an injection to scanning time of 2 hours gives best information yield.
Hydroxyurea and Bronchogenic Carcinoma
Authors: Ahmad A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe disappointing outlook in the treatment and prognosis of lung cancer still continues and is an enigma which baffles clinicians in the management of this disease.A selected clinical trial was carried out in the Royal Adelaide Hospital using hydroxyurea and irradiation in one group of patients versus a placebo group who received irradiation only. The results are discussed and a plea is made for further clinical trials and research into the patho‐physiology of the disease.
Engelmann's Disease
Authors: Singh Joginder 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEngelmann's disease or progressive diaphyseal dysplasia is a rare disease. We report a Malaysian Chinese girl with typical radiological manifestations characterized by gross thickening and sclerosis of the skull and long bones. In her case, pulmonary tuberculosis was also present. Various laboratory investigations showed a low haemoglobin and a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Other results were normal. Bone marrow biopsy from the iliac crest showed a sideroblastic type of haemopoiesis and this was thought to be abnormal, for it was felt that the drug isoniazid was too recently administered to cause any bone marrow changes. Pathogenesis of this disease still remains unknown.
Zonography in the Diagnosis of Poorly Visualized or Non‐Filling Gall‐Bladder in Peroral Cholecystography
Authors: Koivisto Erkki , Lahde Seppo , Nuutinen Juhani 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe value of zonography was studied in 212 patients whose gall‐bladder was poorly visualized or was not filled at all in routine peroral cholecystography. The tomographic angle was 9°. In 26 (12%) patients the gall‐bladder was visualized only by zonography. Zonography had most value in confirming or excluding the existence of gall‐stones.
The Recognition and Incidence of Splenic Artery Aneurysms
Authors: Kreel By Louis 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSplenic artery aneurysms are commonly associated with longstanding portal hypertension in the presence of a markedly enlarged spleen, and these aneurysms also occur in normal sized spleens following successful portacaval anastomosis. They are most successfully demonstrated by selective coeliac axis or splenic arteriography, but a large volume injection of concentrated contrast medium is essential for the demonstration of the intra‐splenic bifurcation aneurysms in the presence of marked splenomegaly.Most of these aneurysms are not detectable on the plain film as they are not calcified and none of the intra‐splenic aneurysms showed calcifications. The trunk aneurysms may be large and easily detectable, but the branch aneurysms may appear as a markedly tortuous artery. Their diameter is, however, greater than that of the associated branch. Intra‐splenic bifurcation aneurysms in association with portal hypertension occur more frequently than either trunk aneurysms or aneurysms at the hilum of the spleen.The common association of splenic artery aneurysms and portal hypertension is thought to be due to the increased volume and rate of blood flow through the splenic artery.
Enlargement Of Cervical Intervertebral Foramina By Coiling Of The Vertebral Artery
Authors: Barratt J. G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCoiling of the vertebral artery is described as an apparently rare cause of widening of one or more intervertebral foramina in t‐e re: viral spine. It appears to be more common in females, mainly on the left side and frequently at the level of C4‐5. It seems likely that the abnormality itself does not produce symptoms and is an incidental finding but nevertheless important to recognise in order that unnecessary investigation and surgery may be avoided.
A Personal Assessment Of The Gas Contrast Barium Meal
Authors: Sim G. P. G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAlthough the greater accuracy of the gas contrast barium meal in demonstrating gastric ulcers and tumours has been assumed, it was thought necessary to test its efficacy in relation to hiatus hernias and duodenal ulcers. The findings in 300 gas contrast meals carried out since August, 1971, have been compared with previous personal series of 909 meals reported in 1964, and 2,686 meals evaluated in 1968. Gas distension of the stomach was not used in the earlier series. Statistical analysis of the appropriate comparative figures shows no significant difference in the results. On this basis it is considered that the use of the gas contrast barium meal as the routine procedure for the examination of the upper alimentary tract will not decrease the numbers of hiatus hernias and duodenal ulcers diagnosed.
Urography Preparation and Anti‐diuretic Hormone
Authors: Benness G. T. , Evill C. A. , Glazer M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA study was carried out on student volunteers in two centres to examine the effects of climate on the normal state of hydration (urinary osmolality). The response of urinary osmolality to fluid restriction, as practised prior to intravenous urography, and the additional response to anti‐diuretic hormone were also examined.The study failed to show a statistically significant difference between effects of the two climates. However, it was found that antidiuretic hormone significantly increased urinary osmolality when values were low prior to hormone administration.
Dosimetry Of 137Cs Tubes In The Treatment Of Carcinoma Of Cervix Uteri
Authors: Philip By P. C. , Santhamma A. V. , Hatimbhai B.SC  , Iyer P. S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe use of radiation in the treatment of cancer of the cervix uteri is at present a well‐accepted form of treatment. Cs is one of the radioisotope; used for such treatments. This paper reports on the theoretical and the experimental studies on the dosimetry of Cs tubes which can be used in intracavitary therapy based on the revised hi ancliester system. Typical isodose curves are presented and the dose rates at point A and point B are analysed.
Some Applications of Electronic Radiography
Authors: Sashin Donald , Hoy Ronald J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe principal advantages of electronic radiography that have emerged in the course of early clinical experience may be summarised as follows:1. Instantaneous availability of images for immediate and unhurried examination.2. Greatly reduced radiation doses to patient and staff per recorded image. Reduced radiation exposure for given resolution and contrast required. Greater freedom to use x‐ray examinations in pregnancy.3. Increased spatial detail relative to standard spot‐films and normal fluoroscopy.4. Instantaneous production of arterial maps for selective catheterisation and interventional procedures.5. Precise positioning of catheters and needles through the combination of live and stored reference images.6. Reduced time for special procedures; reduced patient trauma; more efficient use of die radiologist's time.7. Reduction in the total amount of contrast material needed in selective catheterisation, with reduction in the risk of contrast effects.8. Replacement of life‐sized images by smaller images, with reduction in film, display, filing and retrieval costs.AbstractNew television techniques in diagnostic radiology have been developed as a result of the availability of high resolution imaging components. These electronic radiographic techniques record images with higher image quality than conventional films but with much less radiation dose to the patient and personnel. These methods are being developed for pelvimetry, intrauterine transfusion, gastrointestinal examinations, stereotaxic procedures, and selective catheterisation. Reduction in examination time, dosage of contrast media, and patient trauma can be effected, training can be facilitated, and substantial economies achieved.
Planning of an X‐ray Department
Authors: McMyn J. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryGreen Lane Hospital is one of the five large hospitals forming the Auckland group of teaching hospitals, associated with the Department of Medicine of the University of Auckland. It serves a population of 660,000. The present X‐ray department was opened in 1970 and the procedure followed in its planning and the principles followed are described. It was planned for an estimated work load of approximately 67,000 examinations by 1968, with an expected 10% increase per annum for the decade following. This total was reached in 1970 and is now approaching 90,000 examinations which includes approximately 15,000 from general practitioners.The department has been able to deal satisfactorily with this work load and could take many more if not limited by a shortage of staff. There has been some shortage of space for typing services which has been temporarily overcome by some reorganisation. Further space for this and three more diagnostic X‐ray rooms have been allowed for in the future Stage III building.The need for generous provision of facilities for viewing and reporting X‐rays and for conferences has been emphasised.The basic concept of a good work flow with minimal cross‐traffic between staff and patients has been more than fulfilled, and according to the charge radiographer the department works better than expected.
“Computed Cranial Tomography in the Investigation of Acoustic Neurilemmomas”
Authors: Dubois Philip J. , Drayer Burton P. , Boehnke Manfred , Rosenbaum Arthur E. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYComputed Cranial Tomography (CT) was performed in 17 patients with 18 acoustic neurilemmomas. Fourteen of 15 (93%) tumours with diameters above 1.5 cm were detected. Smaller lesions are below the threshold of detection by this method with current technology. Intravenous contrast enhancement and meticulous technique are essential for diagnosis.An indirect sign of large cerebellopontine angle masses, distortion of the quadrigeminal plate‐ambient cistern junction is described. The place of CT in the sequential pre‐operative evaluation and post‐operative management of patients with suspected cerebellopontine angle lesions is considered.
Kerosene Pneumonia–its Incidence in Perth and Case History of a Recent Fatality
Authors: Morrison Dr. Ian , Sprague Dr. Paul 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe incidence of admissions to the Princess Margaret Hospital for Children due to ingestion of kerosene in the years 1968/69 and 1973/74 has been ascertained. The chest x‐rays of the patients admitted have been reviewed and the radiological changes assessed.A recent fatal case of kerosene pneumonitis is reported.
Dosimetric Considerations for the Proposed Usage of 125I Sodium Iodide in Thyrotoxic Patients Presenting With and Without Hot Autonomous Nodule/s
Authors: Richards Paul A. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIodine‐125 presents a new approach to the therapeutic management of hot autonomous nodule/s of the thyroid gland. Because of the energy range of the low energy photons (—18μ) one can completely ablate the nodule without severely affecting the rest of the gland and consequently lower the whole body radiation dose. This method of therapy is proposed as a replacement for 131I by virtue of its ablative powers and dosimetry.A table for dosimetric calculations is presented, along with a simple formula that can be applied to each individual patient. Thyroid supplementation with antithyroid drugs is reduced to a minimum.
Catheter Embolic Therapy in Vascular Tumours
Authors: Foley W. Dennis , Glancy John J. , Tulloch Alastair G. S. 
Published: March 2008

SummarySelective use of catheter embolic therapy both prior to tumour resection and in control of bleeding from recurrent and irresectable tumour is discussed.Experience with pre‐operative infarction of renal carcinomas and selective occlusion of the internal maxillary artery in troublesome epistaxis following radiotherapy and excision of an angiofibroma of the nasopharynx is presented. Excision of bulky vascular renal tumours was achieved with minimal blood loss and with shortening of operating time. Catheter occlusion of the internal maxillary artery obviated a further attempt at operative ligation of this vessel. Two cases (multifocal hepatoma and carcinoma in a solitary kidney) were considered for C.E.T. but in each case relative benefits appeared to be outweighed by potential risks. Further clinical experience with C.E.T. for inoperable hepatoma and multiple hypervas‐cular liver metastases is required.These results, together with other reports, suggest a useful role for C.E.T. in selected cases.
Pulmonary Encasement — A Sign of Advanced Malignant Diffuse Mesothelioma
Authors: KENDALL‐SMITH I. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThree cases of malignant diffuse pleural mesothelioma are presented. These serve as a reminder of the urban hazard ever present. Radiologically each of these cases demonstrates the characteristic progressive diffuse pulmonary encasement by a thickened nodular pleural neoplasm, in the manner of a rind. This sign may be all too obvious only after incidental induction of a pneumothorax.Note is made in regard to the difficulty often experienced in making a precise histological diagnosis and the inevitable delay in diagnosis may be partly responsible for the poor prognosis. The Radiologist by maintaining a high index of suspicion can offer the chance of an early diagnosis.
The Battered Child Syndrome
Authors: BARRETT I. R. , KOZLOWSKI K. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo hundred and fifty four children presented to the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, between 1972–1976 classified as “at risk”. Of these children, fifty one presented with fractures requiring orthopaedic attention. The clinical records and radiographs of these 51 children were reviewed. A practical radiological classification was formulated in order to assist in the diagnosis of the battered child syndrome. Differentiation between non‐accidental posttraumatic deformity, when the history of trauma is denied, and congenital anomaly, may be impossible. A plan of management for these children is discussed.
Radionuclide Diagnosis of Pulmonary Artery Aneurysm
Authors: PARAMSOTHY M. , SINGHAM K. T. , KHOO B. H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRadionuclide angiocardiographic features of aneurysm of the main pulmonary artery is described. Both dynamic and static radionuclide examination demonstrated the aneurysm well. Radionuclide angiocardiography is a simple, safe, rapid and non‐invasive procedure in the differentiation of pulmonary artery aneurysms from other mediastinal masses.
Renal Calculus. A Sexual Paradox
Authors: BATESON ERIC M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn analysis of 280 intravenous pyelograms which demonstrated calculi in the renal tract showed that renal were more common in female and that ureteric calculi were more common in male patients.This paradox is difficult to explain. Several factors appear to be involved and these include, the period of time a calculus is present in the kidney compared with the time it is present in the ureter, the different clinical presentation of renal and ureteric calculi, and the different stability of renal calculi in male and female patients.
Radiological Features of Two Cases of Renal Oncocytoma
Authors: GILFORD E. J. , KWIATKOWSKI A. , LAVOIPIERRE A. M. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTwo cases of proximal tubular adenoma with so‐called oncocytic features (renal oncocytoma) are reported. The vascular supply in both was arranged in a “spoke‐wheel” distribution, and tomographs during I.V.P. demonstrated a homogeneous well circumscribed mass.
The Radiotherapy of Non‐Seminomatiis Germinal Tumours of the Testis
Authors: SANDEMAN T. F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY231 non‐seminomatous germ cell tumours were analysed as to the control which could be obtained in various subtypes of the teratomas (Pugh classification) by radiotherapy. Little difference could be found in the response and survival in equivalent stages between intermediate and undifferentiated teratomas. Trophoblastic tumours gave a surprisingly high survival rate.Vascular invasion of the testis or cord played a more important part in determining the outcome than nodal involvement. This has been incorporated in the staging system proposed. Radiotherapeutic technique must be carefully watched so that the renal hilum is included. A pyramidal field covering both iliac groups of nodes has been most successful with a low complication rate and a 3 year survival of 79% for those without radiological node involvement and 69% overa11 for radically treated cases (Stages I and II combined). Only 3 of 76 adequately treated cases recurred primarily within the abdominal field and one of these survives following resection of a “benign teratoma”.Radiotherapy still gives the best quality survival for the least risk to life and fertility in early cases. Combination chemotherapy will probably save a high proportion of those who recur. In high risk groups such as those with bulky nodal disease cytotoxics plus surgery will probably prove superior to radiotherapy alone. Adjuvant cytotoxics seems to be indicated for T2 cases (those with vessel invasion).
Tricho‐Rhino‐Phalangeal Syndrome with Perthes Disease‐Like Changes and Coxa Vara (Report of a Case)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , MOWBRAY G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe first Australian case of TRICHO‐RHINO‐PHALANGEAL SYNDROME with a rare hip complication of Perthés disease‐like changes and coxa vara is described.This syndrome is one of the well differentiated diseases in the subgroup of peripheral dysostoses. It shows diagnostic clinical and radiographic features.
Hemiplegia as a Complication of Therapeutic Embolisation of the Internal Maxillary Artery
Authors: THOMAS M. LEA , WALTERS H. L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA hemiplegia complicating a successfully treated angioma arising from the internal maxillary artery is described. The probable pathogenesis of the complication is discussed.A right common carotid arteriogram and a selective right external carotid arteriogram were carried out.The common carotid arteriogram showed that the intra‐cerebral arteries were normal. The external carotid arteriogram showed an enlarged main stem and a greatly enlarged internal maxillary artery (Figure 1). A rapid series of films in the antero‐posterior and lateral projections were taken and subtraction films prepared, to identify the feeding vessels to the arterio‐venous malformation and to exclude any connections between the external and internal carotid arterial systems.The internal maxillary artery and its branches were the only feeding vessels demonstrated as supplying a large arterio‐venous malformation situated in the pterygo‐palatine fossa (Figure 2).Because of the anatomical site of the angioma and its wide ramification, it was decided that the most suitable method of treatment would be embolisation of the main feeding arteries rather than an attempt at surgical removal.Following embolisation the patient developed a hemiplegia. A C.T. Scan confirmed the presence of an area of infarction in the right hemisphere of the brain. The hemiplegia slowly improved over a period of four months but left a residual partial paralysis of the left arm.The embolisation therapy was successful in abolishing the bruit and the vascular hum complained of by the patient.