bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surface characterization of polyethylene films modified by gaseous plasma
Authors: Deshmukh R. R. , Shetty A. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOf the several techniques available for surface modification, plasma processing has proved to be very appropriate. The low temperature plasma is a soft radiation source and it affects the material only over a few hundred angstroms deep, the bulk properties remaining unaffected. Plasma surface treatment also offers the advantage of greater chemical flexibility. The improvement in adhesion was studied by measuring T‐peel strength. In addition, printability of plasma‐treated PE films was studied by cross test method. It was found that printability increases considerably for plasma treatment of short duration. It was therefore thought of as interesting to study the surface composition and morphology by contact angle measurement, ESCA, and AFM. Surface energy and surface roughness can be directly correlated to the improvement in above‐mentioned surface‐related properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 449–457, 2007
Synthesis of porous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) gel beads by sedimentation polymerization and their morphology
Authors: Iizawa Takashi , Taketa Hatsumi , Maruta Makoto , Ishido Takashi , Gotoh Takehiko , Sakohara Shuji 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSedimentation polymerization of aqueous solutions of N‐isopropylacrylamide (NIPA) was carried out to prepare porous poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPA) beads. When small amounts of DMF and a radical accelerator were added to the monomer solution, the polymerization proceeded smoothly to give polymer beads with a very narrow size distribution. The rate of swelling of the resulting bead increased with increasing crosslinker content and was also affected by the type of crosslinker used. When amounts higher than 1 mol % N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide or 3 mol % diethylene glycol diacrylate (DEGDA) were used as a crosslinker, the resulting beads underwent rapid swelling in water at 20°C, reaching the equilibrium within 5 min. A cross‐sectional photograph of a typical dried bead showed that it had a very complex morphology consisting of a large and irregular void, highly porous region, and nonporous region. The swelling rate was directly dependent on the morphology of the beads. PNIPA beads with well‐developed porous areas show a high swelling rate. Although PNIPA beads produced from DEGDA had well‐developed porous structures, they were able to effectively concentrate blue dextran from the dilute aqueous solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 842–850, 2007
Using cycloolefin copolymers as pharmaceutical or cosmetic storage material. I. A study of adjuvant migration and of polymer ageing
Authors: Saunier J. , Chodur C. Aymes , Larbes L. , Mrad O. , Yagoubi N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to study the interaction between alcoholic solutions of different polarities and a new class of packaging polymer, the cycloolefins, which can be used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields. Different consequences of this interaction were studied as adjuvant migration, and polymer swelling. Very extreme storage conditions were used to accelerate the ageing of the polymer. This study shows the great influence of solvent polarity on the material's thermomechanical properties as well as on its barrier properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 585–593, 2007
Evaluation of the crystallization kinetics and melting of polypropylene and metallocene‐prepared polyethylene blends
Authors: Razavi‐Nouri Mohammad , Hay James N. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe kinetics of the isothermal crystallization of a polypropylene (PP) random copolymer containing 5 mol % ethylene, a metallocene linear low‐density polyethylene (m‐LLDPE) with 3.3 mol % hexene‐1 as a comonomer, and three blends were studied with differential scanning calorimetry at temperatures sufficiently high to prevent any crystallization of m‐LLDPE. The analysis was carried out with the Avrami equation. The overall crystallization rate and the equilibrium melting temperature of the PP copolymer decreased with increasing amounts of m‐LLDPE in the blends. The former was attributed to the effect of m‐LLDPE in reducing the number of primary nuclei, and the latter was attributed to a lowering of the fold surface energy due to the limited partial miscibility of the blend components. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 634–640, 2007
Aggregation of lead phthalocyanine in blends with polycarbonate
Authors: Ranade Aditya , Hiltner Anne , Baer Eric , Shirk James S. , Lepkowicz Richard S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe blends of a nonlinear optical dye with polycarbonate are described and comparisons are made with solutions of the dye in chloroform. Absorption spectra of blends with up to 1 wt % lead tetracumylphenoxy phthalocyanine showed the dye to be primarily in the monomer form. The monomer absorption spectrum and the measured extinction coefficient replicated those in chloroform solution. As the dye concentration increased to 20 wt %, the monomer intensity decreased and new spectral features characteristic of the dimer appeared. The spectra were resolved into contributions of monomer and dimer, and the concentration effect was analyzed according to the monomer/dimer equilibrium. Much higher monomer concentrations were achieved in polycarbonate blends compared to chloroform solutions. It was concluded that when the blends were quenched from the melt, the equilibrium established at the melt temperature was preserved in the solid state glass. Quenching the blend from different melt temperatures confirmed this interpretation. Extrapolation of the temperature dependent equilibrium constant to 25°C yielded a value close to that reported for chloroform solution at 25°C. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 104: 464–469, 2007
Assessing the status of shallow lakes using an additive model of biomass size spectra
Authors: de Eyto Elvira , Irvine Kenneth 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
Planktonic biomass size spectra were used to summarize the ecological quality of six shallow lakes sampled in spring, early summer and late summer.
A simple additive model fitted to the data was used to assess the applicability of the size spectrum theory to shallow lake ecosystems.
The additive model replicated the hierarchical pattern of biomass predicted by the predator–prey theory of aquatic production, and was a more appropriate model for predicting biomass size spectra than the frequently used linear regression.
Lakes with varying ecological quality were a significant source of variation in the additive model, and further research into using size spectra to monitor ecological quality in shallow lakes is warranted. Specifically, the production of size spectra from a wider range of sites is needed to provide greater statistical validation.
The use of size spectra can provide an attractive and cost‐effective way for classifying lake ecosystems because it circumvents the need for difficult taxonomic description.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Low genetic variability of the white‐clawed crayfish in the Iberian Peninsula: its origin and management implications
Authors: Diéguez‐Uribeondo Javier , Royo Félix , Souty‐Grosset Catherine , Ropiquet Anne , Grandjean Frédéric 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
A study on the genetic variability of the white‐clawed crayfish was carried out based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene sequences. The sequences applied were more informative regarding white‐clawed crayfish genetic variability than others previously used.
Two haplotypes were found to exist in the Iberian Peninsula. The haplotypes exhibit a strong geographic subdivision (ΦST=0.83). One of the Iberian haplotypes was similar to north Italian haplotypes and the second differed in only one mutation. This pattern of genetic variability contrasts with those found in glacial refugial areas of France, Italy and the Balkan Peninsula.
Two hypotheses on the origin of the white‐clawed crayfish in the Iberian Peninsula are discussed: (i) one based on an anthropogenic origin, and (ii) a second based on a successive number of postglacial ancient and recent bottlenecks, i.e. the disjunction between Iberian and Italian populations of white‐clawed crayfish species is due to competition between A. italicus and A. pallipes, in addition to the impact of crayfish plague and human translocations.
New references for the white‐clawed crayfish in the Iberian Peninsula were found in medieval and Arabic texts. The results show that this species has been thriving in this peninsula since ancient periods and that its indigenous status should not be questioned.
Conservation action and plans should consider the low genetic diversity as a limitation for farm‐raising specimens more adapted and resistant to changing environments and diseases.
Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lempel‐Ziv compression of highly structured documents
Authors: Adiego Joaquín , Navarro Gonzalo , Fuente Pablo de la 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe authors describe Lempel‐Ziv to Compress Structure (LZCS), a novel Lempel–Ziv approach suitable for compressing structured documents. LZCS takes advantage of repeated substructures that may appear in the documents, by replacing them with a backward reference to their previous occurrence. The result of the LZCS transformation is still a valid structured document, which is human‐readable and can be transmitted by ASCII channels. Moreover, LZCS transformed documents are easy to search, display, access at random, and navigate. In a second stage, the transformed documents can be further compressed using any semistatic technique, so that it is still possible to do all those operations efficiently; or with any adaptive technique to boost compression. LZCS is especially efficient in the compression of collections of highly structured data, such as extensible markup language (XML) forms, invoices, e‐commerce, and Web‐service exchange documents. The comparison with other structure‐aware and standard compressors shows that LZCS is a competitive choice for these type of documents, whereas the others are not well‐suited to support navigation or random access. When joined to an adaptive compressor, LZCS obtains by far the best compression ratios.
Effect of somatic mutation on DNA binding properties of anti‐DNA autoantibodies
Authors: Bobeck Melissa J. , Cleary Joanne , Beckingham Jenny A. , Ackroyd P. Christine , Glick Gary D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAutoantibodies that bind DNA are a hallmark of systemic lupus erythematosus. A subset of autoantibody•DNA complexes localize to kidney tissue and lead to damage and even death. 11F8, 9F11, and 15B10 are clonally related anti‐DNA autoantibodies isolated from an autoimmune mouse. 11F8 binds ssDNA in a sequence‐specific manner and causes tissue damage, while 9F11 and 15B10 bind ssDNA non‐specifically and are benign. Among these antibodies, DNA binding properties are mediated by five amino acid differences in primary sequence. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters associated with recognition of structurally different DNA sequences were determined for each antibody to provide insight toward recognition strategies, and to explore a link between binding properties and disease pathogenesis. A model of 11F8 bound to its high affinity consensus sequence provides a foundation for understanding the differences in thermodynamic and kinetic parameters between the three mAbs. Our data suggest that 11F8 utilizes the proposed ssDNA recognition motif including Y32VL, a hydrogen bonding residue at 91VL, and an aromatic residue at the tip of the third heavy chain complementarity determining region. Interestingly, a somatic mutation to arginine at 31VH in 11F8 may afford additional binding site contacts including R31VH, R96VH, and R98VH that could determine specificity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 85: 471–480, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Bioaugmentation of a two‐stage thermophilic (68°C/55°C) anaerobic digestion concept for improvement of the methane yield from cattle manure
Authors: Nielsen Henrik Bangsø , Mladenovska Zuzana , Ahring Birgitte Kiær 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe possibility of improving a two‐stage (68°C/55°C) anaerobic digestion concept for treatment of cattle manure was studied. In batch experiments, a 10–24% increase of the specific methane yield from cattle manure and its fractions was obtained, when the substrates were inoculated with bacteria of the genus Caldicellusiruptor and Dictyoglomus. In a reactor experiment inoculation of a 68°C pretreatment reactor with Caldicellusiruptor resulted in a 93% increase in the methane yield of the pretreatment reactor for a period of 18 days, but gave only a slight increase in the overall methane yield of the two‐stage setup. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1638–1643. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Computational identification of combinatorial regulation and transcription factor binding sites
Authors: Ryu Taewoo , Kim Younghoon , Kim Dae‐Won , Lee Doheon 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA number of computational methods have been used to unravel the core mechanisms governing the regulation of gene expression, but these techniques examine only portions of the genetic regulatory mechanism. For example, some studies have failed to include the combined action of multiple transcription factors (TFs) or the importance of TF binding constraints (i.e., the binding position and orientation), while others have examined combinations of only 2 or 3 TFs. Thus, we sought to develop a new method for identifying regulatory modules in yeast, using an algorithm that includes all combinations of TFs plus a number of binding constraints when identifying target genes. We successfully developed a computational method for using microarray and TF–DNA interaction data to identify regulatory modules. All possible combinations of yeast TFs and various binding constraints were tested to identify regulatory modules. Within the identified modules, target genes were found to have common binding constraints such as fixed binding regions and orientations for each TF. Moreover, targets showed similar mRNA expression profiles and high functional coherence. Our novel approach, which accounts for both combined actions of TFs and their binding constraints, can be used to identify target genes and reliably predict regulatory modules over a broad range of functional categories. Complete results and additional information are available online at http://bisl. kaist.ac.kr/∼dhlee/comModule/index.html. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 97: 1594–1602. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of renal function on the long‐term clinical course of patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Papafaklis Michail I. , Naka Katerina K. , Papamichael Nikos D. , Kolios Georgios , Sioros Lampros , Sclerou Vassiliki , Katsouras Christos S. , Michalis Lampros K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives: To determine the impact of the level of kidney function on the extended (>5 years) long‐term clinical course of patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been significantly associated with an increased in‐hospital and 1‐year mortality following PCI. Methods: In this single‐centre retrospective study, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) at baseline was estimated in 371 patients not on dialysis, who underwent successful PCI between mid‐1995 and mid‐1999. Baseline demographic and angiographic characteristics, and long‐term major adverse cardiac events and symptoms were compared for patients with GFR ≥60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (normal or mildly impaired renal function) and GFR ≥ 60 ml/ min/1.73 m2 (CKD). The independent effect of GFR, modelled both as a categorical and a continuous variable, on long‐term clinical outcomes was also investigated using multivariate Cox regression analysis. Results: Nine‐year all‐cause and cardiac mortality rates were significantly higher in the CKD group (45.9% vs. 10.6%, P < 0.0001 and 35.4% vs. 7.1%, P < 0.0001 respectively), while there was no difference in the repeat revascularization (P = 0.27) and nonfatal Q‐wave myocardial infarction (P = 0.74) rates. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an independent impact of the level of GFR on long‐term mortality; adjusted 9‐year all‐cause and cardiac mortality increased by approximately 16% and 11%, respectively for a decrease of GFR from 120 to 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 and by approximately 14% and 9%, respectively for a decrease of GFR from 60 to 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. Conclusions: The level of renal function is a strong determinant of long‐term all‐cause and cardiac mortality after successful PCI. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor administration after myocardial infarction in a porcine ischemia‐reperfusion model: Functional and pathological effects of dose timing
Authors: Beohar Nirat , Flaherty James D. , Davidson Charles J. , Vidovich Mladen , Singhal Seema , Rapp Jonathan A. , Erdogan Ata , Lee Daniel C. , Rammohan Chidambaram , Brodsky Adam , Wu Edwin , Pieper Karen , Virmani Renu , Bonow Robert O. , Mehta Jayesh 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Acute MI results in cardiomyocyte death, left ventricular (LV) dysfunction and adverse remodeling. The use of growth factors may prevent this. The aim of this study was to assess early and delayed administration of granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) in a porcine model of myocardial infarction (MI) and reperfusion.Methods: MI was induced by balloon occlusion followed by reperfusion. There were 3 groups: Control (n = 11), Early (n = 17), and Delayed treatment (n = 8). The Early group received G‐CSF 10 μg/kg/d every other day for 20 days beginning immediately. The Delayed group received G‐CSF 10 μg/kg/d daily for 10 days beginning on day 5. Magnetic resonance imaging was performed on days 5 and 56. LV end‐diastolic volumes (EDV), end‐systolic volumes, ejection fraction, expansion index, sphericity index, thinning ratio, and infarct mass were calculated. Histology was analyzed at 56 days. Results: At 56 days the change in EDV was 53% less in the Early (p = 0.005) and 24% greater in the Delayed (p = NS) group versus Control. The Delayed group also showed a 60% increase in normalized infarct mass (p = 0.055) and an 88% increase in expansion index (p = 0.003). Both groups had significantly less capillary density in the infarct border zone. The Delayed also had decreased arteriolar density in the mid scar. Conclusions: Early treatment with G‐CSF after MI decreases ventricular dilatation, while delayed treatment has a deleterious effect on LV remodeling. This may be related to changes in myocardial vascularity. The effects of G‐CSF therapy and its dose timing help to elucidate the results of recent human trials. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy
Authors: Fawzy Mohamed Eid 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPercutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy (PMBV) was introduced in 1984 by Inoue who developed the procedure as a logical extension of surgical closed commissurotomy. Since then, PMBV has emerged as the treatment of choice for severe pliable rheumatic mitral stenosis (MS). With increasing experience and better selection of patient, the immediate results of the procedure have improved and the rate of complications declined. When the reported complications of PMBV are viewed in aggregate, complications occur at approximately the following rates: mortality (0–0.5%), cerebral accident (0.5–1%), mitral regurgitation (MR) requiring surgery (1.6–3%). These complication rates compare favorably to those reported after surgical commissurotomy. Several randomized trials reported similar hemodynamic results with PMBV and surgical commissurotomy. Restenosis after PMBV ranges from 4 to 70% depending on the patient selection, valve morphology, and duration of follow up. Restenosis was encountered in 21% of the author's series at mean follow‐up 6 ± 4.5 years and the 10 and 15 years restenosis‐free survival rates were (70 ± 3)% and (44 ± 5)%, respectively, and were significantly higher for patients with favorable mitral morphology (85 ± 3% and 65 ± 6%), respectively (P < 0.0001). The 10 and 15 years event‐free survival rates were (79 ± 2)% and (43 ± 9)% and were significantly higher for patients with favorable mitral morphology (88 ± 2)% and (66 ± 6)%, respectively (P < 0.0001). The effect of PMBV on severe pulmonary hypertension, concomitant severe tricuspid regurgitation, left ventricular function, left atrial size, and atrial fibrillation are addressed in this review. In addition, the application of PMBV in specific clinical situations such as in children, during pregnancy and for restenosis is discussed. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Drying Kinetics in a Vertical Gas‐Solid System
Authors: Saravanan B. , Balasubramanian N. , Srinivasakannan C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA one‐dimensional steady‐state two‐fluid model has been developed to demonstrate the drying kinetics in the vertical up‐flow gas‐solid system. The model takes into account mass, momentum, and heat transfer between the continuous and dispersed phases. A set of non‐linear differential equations have been solved numerically for the velocity, moisture content, and temperature of both the continuous and dispersed phases along the dryer length. The effect of operating parameters on drying kinetics has been critically examined and the model simulations are compared with the data reported in the literature.
Simple Determination of Segment Numbers for Complex Polymer‐Solvent Systems
Authors: Machefer S. , Schnitzlein K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA theoretical analysis was made to show that segment numbers for complex polymers can be determined by interpreting pVT data in terms of an appropriate segment‐based equation of state (EOS). Typically, experiments at high pressures have to be performed to obtain these data. In this study, pVT‐derived properties, such as compressibility and speed of sound, together with isobaric specific volume measurements were used as an alternative data source. Experiments were carried out for polyol/water mixtures of different compositions. Taking account of the polymorphism of water, segment numbers were obtained by a numerical regression analysis. Mixture viscosities were calculated using an approved segment‐based mixing rule and were in good agreement with experimental data over the temperature range of interest, indicating the validity of the determined segment numbers.
Kinetic Studies on Electrochemical Antimony Removal from Concentrated Sulfuric Acid Systems
Authors: Bergmann M. E. H. , Koparal A. S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to separate antimony from its acidic aqueous solution with an electrochemical method by cathodic deposition. For this purpose it is essential to know the electrochemical behavior of antimony. Electrochemical studies were conducted on systems in aqueous sulfuric acid solutions containing 20–30 % of antimony. Cyclic voltammetry and stripping experiments were carried out to characterize the removal or deposition process on cathodes of different materials, such as platinum, copper, or glassy carbon. Besides, several types of electrolytes prepared artificially from dissolved Sb2O3 and antimony standard were employed. The results showed that different species were included in the deposits, depending on the chosen cathode material, cathode potential, time of electrolysis, and type of electrolyte. The electrochemical deposition of antimony was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction experiments.