bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frame elements with mixed formulation for singular section response
Authors: Lee C.‐L. , Filippou F. C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMixed formulations of frame elements offer significant advantages over more traditional displacement formulations, particularly under large cyclic inelastic deformations including the effects of shear. This paper complements the recent proposal of a consistent variational basis for the mixed formulation of frame elements by supplying the explicit definition of the stress field over the cross‐section. The paper also addresses the numerical stability of the element state determination algorithm in the presence of an ill‐conditioned or even singular section stiffness matrix. The proposed algorithm is based on the eigendecomposition of the section stiffness matrix and uses the Sherman–Morrison–Woodbury formula and the Moore–Penrose pseudoinverse to avoid the inversion of ill‐conditioned matrices in the element state determination. In the extreme case of uniform tension or uniform flexure the section flexibility matrix is split into an elastic and a plastic component before eigendecomposition. With the proposed method the inelastic response of the element under multiple perfectly plastic hinges can be successfully traced. Numerical examples demonstrate the capabilities of the approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An X‐FEM approach for large sliding contact along discontinuities
Authors: Nistor I. , Guiton M. L. E. , Massin P. , Moës N. , Géniaut S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe extended finite element method (X‐FEM) has been developed to minimize requirements on the mesh design in a problem with a displacement discontinuity. This advantage, however, still remains limited to the small deformation hypothesis when considering sliding discontinuities. The approach presented in this paper proposes to couple X‐FEM with a Lagrangian large sliding frictionless contact algorithm. A new hybrid X‐FEM contact element was developed with a contact search algorithm allowing for an update of contacting surfaces pairing. The stability of the contact formulation is ensured by an algorithm for fulfilling Ladyzhenskaya‐Babuska‐Brezzi (LBB) condition. Several 2D simple examples are presented in this paper in order to prove its efficiency and stability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Model explaining the predisposition to donate blood from the social marketing perspective
Authors: Beerli‐Palacio Asunción , Martín‐Santana Josefa D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this research is to develop a model of the explanatory factors that determine the predisposition to donate blood in order to improve the effectiveness of donor recruitment and retention programs. A personal survey was conducted on a sample of 303 potential donors between 18 and 60 years old and from both sexes, who are resident in Las Palmas de Gran Canaria (Spain) and have either never donated blood or not donated in the last 3 years. The findings lead us to say that the predisposition to donate blood is positively influenced by the information that the potential donor has about the requirements to become a donor, and by the motivations to donate blood. It is negatively influenced by the inhibiting factor of fear of the extraction procedure and its after‐effects. However, prior experience as a donor and links with reference groups who are donors do not have any direct influence on the predisposition. These findings suggest that it is necessary (1) to design communication campaigns in which information and education are the goals, and which aim to make donation a habit; (2) to clarify to society the need for blood donation and to describe the process of donation in order to eliminate those inhibitors linked to fear and the perception of risks; (3) to design advertising campaigns focused on rational messages since information exercises a greater influence on the predisposition to donate than motivations linked to altruism; (4) to recommend that no great efforts be made to recapture previous donors, since experience is not a direct antecedent of the predisposition to donate but an indirect antecedent via information and (5) to stimulate word‐of‐mouth among reference groups using member‐get‐member programs whereby current donors bring new donors to the system.Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone weight: new reference values based on a modern Portuguese identified skeletal collection
Authors: Silva A. M. , Crubézy E. , Cunha E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSkeletal weight and/or weight of the different bones of the human skeleton are currently used in a wide range of applications such as archaeological cremations and forensics. Still, few reference values are available that compare the mean weights for the different skeletal parts. In this paper we present new reference values for total skeletal weight, including the weight of the different skeletal bones based on a modern Portuguese Identified Skeletal Collection (CEI) curated in the Museum of Anthropology of the University of Coimbra (Portugal). The mean weight of the entire skeleton for the CEI pooled sample is 3323.8 ± 779.6 g. Sex and age differences were investigated. As expected, males display heavier bones, at a statistically significant level. The mean weight of the male skeletons is 3850 g, and 2797.6 g for the female sample. Age differences were found, especially for the female samples in the 29–39 versus 50–59 and/or >60 age groups, probably as a consequence of age‐related bone loss in post‐menopausal women. For the male sample, no clear age‐related trend was observed but for the unexpected result that the second highest bone weight recorded is in the oldest age group (>60 years). This could result from high mechanical loadings and thus greater bone robusticy and amount of cortical bone.The percentage of weight of the different parts of the skeleton was also calculated. These new values can be quite useful in the study of very fragmentary and/or commingled human remains, recovered from historic or forensic contexts, since the complete identification, by side, of the remains is not necessary. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel organic rectorite modified bismaleimide/diallylbisphenol A system
Authors: Yuan Li , Ma Xiaoyan , Gu Aijuan , Yan Hongxia , Liang Guozheng , Wang Wei , Wu Jianyan 
Published: December 2008

Abstract4,4′‐Bismaleimidodiphenylmethane (BMIPM)/O,O′‐diallylbisphenol A (BA) system was modified by organic rectorite (OREC) to develop a novel BMI/BA/OREC nanocomposite. The effect of OREC on the viscosity and reactivity of BMIPM/BA system was investigated. The mechanical properties of BMIPM/BA/OREC composites such as the flexural and impact strength were evaluated. The morphology of cured BMIPM/BA/OREC systems was investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hot water resistance of BMIPM/BA/OREC systems was discussed. The thermal property of BMIPM/BA/OREC systems was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The dynamic mechanical properties of BMIPM/BA/OREC systems were also measured. Results show that the addition of OREC has a significant influence on the reactivity of the BMIPM/BA system. Proper content of OREC can improve the flexural strength, impact strength, and hot water resistance of a BMIPM/BA system. The addition of OREC cannot decrease the thermal degradation temperature of cured BMIPM/BA system with a slight sacrifice of the glass transition temperature (Tg). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation and characterization of microencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with polyurethane shell by in situ polymerization and its flame retardance in polyurethane
Authors: Ni Jianxiong , Song Lei , Hu Yuan , Zhang Ping , Xing Weiyi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMicroencapsulated ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with polyurethane (MCAPP) was prepared by in situ polymerization of pentaerythtritol (PER) and toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI) in the presence of added APP. MCAPP was then incorporated into polyurethane (PU) to obtain flame retarded PU/MCAPP. Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that APP was encapsulated by a layer of PU. It found that the optimal reaction time was 8 hr and microencapsulation led to an improvement in water leaching from scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determination of water resistance. Thermal degradation of flame retarded PU was also investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). UL‐94 test and SEM were performed before and after water treatment at 75°C for seven days, and the results showed that PU loading of 30% MCAPP can maintain the V‐0 level, due to the shield effect of microencapsulation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Potentially inappropriate medication for emergency department visits by elderly patients in Taiwan
Authors: Chen Yu‐Chun , Hwang Shinn‐Jang , Lai Hsiu‐Yun , Chen Tzeng‐Ji , Lin Ming‐Hsien , Chen Liang‐Kung , Lee Chen‐Hsen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeThe potential for adverse drug events caused by potentially inappropriate medication (PIM) use in elderly patients at emergency department (ED) visits is a growing concern. The objects of this study were to determine the prevalence, characteristics and risk factors of PIM use among elderly ED visits in Taiwan.MethodsThe nationwide computerized claims database of elderly ED visits under the National Health Insurance (NHI) in Taiwan during 2001–2004 was accessed. PIM, independent of diseases diagnoses or conditions and should be generally be avoided in elderly people, was evaluated using the updated 2003 Beers criteria.ResultsBetween 2001 and 2004, 14.7% of total 1 429 463 elderly ED visits with prescriptions had PIM, and 19.3% of elderly people who visited ED received at least one PIM annually. Odds ratio for PIM prescriptions to ED elderly was higher for visits at which more drugs were prescribed, visits at local community hospital, female and older physicians, patients aged 65–69 years and female patients. Common PIM categories were short acting nifedipine, muscle relaxants and anti‐spasmodics, antihistamines and ketorolac. When health care resource utilization was compared in 2004, subjects receiving PIM at ED visit had significantly more mean ambulatory care visits, ED visits and hospital admissions than subjects who did not receive PIM.ConclusionsAbout one fifth of elderly people who visited ED received PIM annually in Taiwan. The public and physicians should be educated, and a computerized drug surveillance system might be needed to avoid PIM prescriptions to the ED elderly patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emergency department visits attributed to selected analgesics, United States, 2004–2005
Authors: Willy Mary , Kelly Judith P. , Nourjah Parivash , Kaufman David W. , Budnitz Daniel S. , Staffa Judy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo estimate the rate of emergency department (ED) visits attributed to selected analgesic‐containing medications.MethodsWe used a nationally representative public health surveillance system to provide estimates of adverse events identified in EDs, and a national telephone survey to provide estimates of selected analgesic‐containing medication usage in the US population, 2004–2005. Analysis was restricted to products containing acetaminophen, aspirin, ibuprofen, or naproxen. Types of adverse events and outcomes were compared. Estimated numbers and rates of ED visits were calculated by analgesic groupings and patient age groups.ResultsThe estimated overall rate of ED visits attributed to analgesic‐containing medications was 1.6 visits /100 000 users per week. The very old and very young had the highest rates; there were minimal differences in rates by patient gender. Acetaminophen was the attributed drug with the most estimated ED visits and generally had the highest rates of ED visits. The highest estimated rate for a specific product group was among subjects 18–64 years of age taking narcotic‐acetaminophen products (8.9 ED visits /100 000 users per week). Overall, 12% of patients presenting to EDs with analgesic‐attributed events were hospitalized.ConclusionsRates of ED visits due to analgesics vary depending on the age of the patient and the product; most do not result in hospitalization. Although the rate of emergency visits is relatively low, because of the wide use of the analgesics, public health impact is considerable. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A computerized system for signal detection in spontaneous reporting system of Shanghai China
Authors: Ye Xiaofei , Fu Zheng , Wang Hainan , Du Wenmin , Wang Rui , Sun Yalin , Gao Qingbin , He Jia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeWe developed a computerized system for signal detection in spontaneous reporting system (SRS) of Shanghai. Data acquisition, data mining could be carried out automatically and the process of data preprocessing and cleaning could be facilitated. This system was expected to detect signals from SRS after drug licensing with minimum patient exposure.MethodsThis system was developed by Microsoft visual basic (VB) 6.0. Data preprocessing, data cleaning, and data mining were based upon visual basic for application (VBA) in Microsoft Excel 2003. Database of drug generic name and adverse drug reaction (ADR) standard dictionary were set up initially for data cleaning and coding. Algorithms including reporting odds ratio (ROR), proportional reporting ratio (PRR), measure used by the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA), Bayesian confidence propagation neural network (BCPNN) were employed in this system. Crude ADR reports submitted to Shanghai ADR SRS from December 2003 to April 2007 were used as a material in this study to test the feasibility and flexibility of this system.ResultsThirty two thousand seven hundred and fourty six crude ADR reports were acquired from the SRS automatically. Two thousand one hundred and fourty seven drug generic name and 621 ADR name were kept in the database after data preprocessing and cleaning. A total of 1430, 1419, 868 and 997 possible drug‐ADR signals were generated by ROR, PRR, BCPNN and MHRA, respectively.ConclusionsThe results indicate that this computerized system is a flexible one that can help to detect possible drug‐ADR signals intelligently in SRS of Shanghai now. It is a promising system for post‐marketing surveillance on both chemical medicine and Chinese traditional medicine. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparing the dynamic behaviour of several rubbers filled with silanized silica nanofiller
Authors: Movahed Saeed Ostad , Ansarifar Ali , Song Mo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effect of the same amount of precipitated silica nanofiller on the curing and dynamic properties of different rubbers, including natural rubber (NR) without and with the addition of elemental sulfur (NR with S), synthetic polyisoprene (IR), polybutadiene (BR) and poly(styrene‐co‐butadiene) copolymer (SBR), was investigated. The silica surfaces were pre‐treated with bis(3‐triethoxysilylpropyl)tetrasulfane (TESPT) to chemically bond the silica to the rubber. The rubbers were primarily cured by using sulfur in TESPT with the addition of optimum accelerator (TBBS) and activator (ZnO), which helped to form sulfur chemical bonds between the rubber and filler.RESULTS: Cure properties, Mooney viscosity, glass transition temperature, bound rubber and crosslink density along with dynamic properties of the filled rubbers, including tan δ, loss modulus (G″) and storage modulus (G′), were measured as a function of double oscillation amplitude (DSA) from 15 to 1000 µm, temperature from −130 to 100 °C and frequency from 1 to 100 Hz. The results with emphasis on potential for tyre tread applications are discussed. It emerged that SBR along with BR filled rubbers had the highest rolling resistance while IR filled rubber had the least. Moreover, it was found that SBR filled rubber had the best skid resistance and BR filled rubber the worst.CONCLUSION: Interestingly, the variation of G′ with DSA showed a complicated behaviour for different filled rubbers. It emerged that in some DSA ranges the Payne effect was observed, and in the remaining ranges increments of G′ with DSA were seen. Because the bound rubber of most of the filled rubbers was more than 92%, there should be another predominant mechanism in the systems studied rather than simply de‐agglomeration or filler network breakdown, which is proposed by the Payne model. In addition, the nanoscale of the filler may be effective for this behaviour. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparative proteomic analysis of mesenchymal stem cells derived from human bone marrow, umbilical cord, and placenta: Implication in the migration
Authors: Li Guo , Zhang Xiao‐ai , Wang Hua , Wang Xin , Meng Chun‐ling , Chan Chu‐yan , Yew David Tai Wai , Tsang Kam Sze , Li Karen , Tsai Sau‐na , Ngai Sai‐ming , Han Zhong Chao , Lin Marie Chia‐mi , He Ming‐liang , Kung Hsiang‐fu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUmbilical cord (UC) and placenta (P) have been suggested as alternatives to bone marrow (BM) as sources of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for cell therapy, with both UC‐ and P‐MSC possess immunophenotypic and functional characteristics similar to BM‐MSC. However, their migration capacity, which is indispensable during tissue regeneration process, is unclear. Under defined conditions, the migration capacity of BM‐ and P‐MSC was found 5.9‐ and 3.2‐folds higher than that of UC‐MSC, respectively. By the use of 2‐DE and combined MS and MS/MS analysis, six differentially expressed proteins were identified among these MSC samples, with five of them known to be involved in cell migration as migration enhancing or inhibiting proteins. Consistent with their migration capacity, the levels of migration enhancing proteins including cathepsin B, cathepsin D and prohibitin,were significantly lower in UC‐MSC when compared with those in BM‐ and P‐MSC. For the migration inhibiting proteins such as plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) and manganese superoxide dismutase, higher expression was found in the UC‐MSC. We also showed that the overexpression of the PAI‐1 impaired the migration capacity of BM‐ and P‐MSC while silencing of PAI‐1 enhanced the migration capacity of UC‐MSC. Our study indicates that PAI‐1 and other migration‐related proteins are pivotal in governing the migration capacity of MSC.
The role of reaction energy and hydrogen bonding in the reaction path of enzymatic proton transfers
Authors: Barroso Monica , Arnaut Luis G. , Formosinho Sebastião J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reaction path of the Interacting‐State Model is used with the Transition‐State Theory and the semiclassical correction for tunneling (ISM/scTST) to calculate proton transfer rates in rate‐determining CH bond breaking by enzymes such as mandelate racemase, triose‐phosphate isomerase, methylamine dehydrogenase (MADH), and aromatic amine dehydrogenase (AADH), as well as of the analogous uncatalyzed proton transfers in aqueous solution. This method employs the reaction energy, the bond distances in reactants and products, and properties of the reactive bonds to calculate the proton transfer rates. The comparison between the molecular factors that control reactivity in solution and in the enzymes reveals the following salient features of enzyme catalysis: (1) the change from a bimolecular reaction in solution to an intramolecular reaction with negligible activation entropy in the enzyme; (2) energetic stabilization of the intermediates; and (3) extreme tunneling corrections when hydrogen bonding to a carbon atom is present in the reaction path. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reactivity of the insecticide chlorpyrifos‐methyl toward hydroxyl and perhydroxyl ion. Effect of cyclodextrins
Authors: Vico Raquel V. , de Rossi Rita H. , Buján Elba I. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe reactivity of Chlorpyrifos‐Methyl (1) toward hydroxyl ion and the α‐nucleophile, perhydroxyl ion was investigated in aqueous basic media. The hydrolysis of 1 was studied at 25 °C in water containing 10% ACN or 7% 1,4‐dioxane at NaOH concentrations between 0.01 and 0.6 M; the second‐order rate constant is 1.88 × 10−2 M−1 s−1 in 10% ACN and 1.70 × 10−2 M−1 s−1 in 7% 1,4‐dioxane. The reaction with H2O2 was studied in a pH range from 9.14 to 12.40 in 7% 1,4‐dioxane/H2O; the second‐order rate constant for the reaction of HOO− ion is 7.9 M−1 s−1 whereas neutral H2O2 does not compete as nucleophile. In all cases quantitative formation of 3,5,6‐trichloro‐2‐pyridinol (3) was observed indicating an SN2(P) pathway. The hydrolysis reaction is inhibited by α‐, β‐, and γ‐cyclodextrin showing saturation kinetics; the greater inhibition is produced by γ‐cyclodextrin. The reaction with hydrogen peroxide is weakly inhibited by α‐ and β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), whereas γ‐cyclodextrin produces a greater inhibition and saturation kinetics. The kinetic data obtained in the presence of β‐ or γ‐cyclodextrin for the reaction with hydroxyl or perhydroxyl ion indicate that the main reaction pathway for the cyclodextrin‐mediated reaction is the reaction of HO− or HOO− ion with the substrate complexed with the anion of the cyclodextrin. The inhibition is attributed to the inclusion of the substrate with the reaction center far from the ionized secondary OH groups of the cyclodextrin and protected from external attack of the nucleophile. Sucrose also inhibits the hydrolysis reaction but the effect is independent of its concentration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Plasma Polymerization of Acrylic Acid Revisited
Authors: Hegemann Dirk , Körner Enrico , Guimond Sébastien 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTo perform a systematic study over a broad parameter range of acrylic acid discharges, we varied the energy input W/F over a wide range. Five different regimes could be identified (from low to high energy input): regime I, where oligomerization takes place; regime II, the radical‐dominated plasma polymerization of acrylic acid; regime III, a transition regime showing etching/oxidation effects; regime IV, where the plasma polymerization resembles the one observed for CO2/C2H4 discharges; and regime V, where etching effects yield a reduction in deposition rate. These results show that the polymerization mechanism can be described as a function of the energy input W/F. Specifically, a parameter range where acrylic acid can be replaced by CO2/C2H4 discharges has been identified.magnified image