bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in retention behavior of fluorescently labeled proteins during ion‐exchange chromatography caused by different protein surface labeling positions
Authors: Teske Christopher A. , Simon Robert , Niebisch Axel , Hubbuch Jürgen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConfocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) is a method allowing in situ visualization of protein transport in porous chromatography resins. CLSM requires labeling a protein with a fluorescent probe. Recent work has shown that conjugation of the protein with fluorescent probes can lead to significant changes in the retention time of the protein–dye conjugate with respect to the unlabeled protein. In this study, we show that common labeling procedures result in a heterogeneous mixture of different variants and that attachment location of the fluorescent probe on the protein surface can have a strong effect on the retention of protein‐dye conjugate. Lysozyme was labeled with Cy5 and BODIPY‐FL succinimidyl esters, followed by chromatographic separation of the different lysozyme–dye conjugates and subsequent determination of the label position using MALDI‐TOF‐MS. Finally, homogenously labeled lysozyme–dye conjugates were used in CLSM experimentation and compared to published results arising from heterogeneously labeled feedstocks. The results confirm that the attachment location of the fluorescent probe has a strong effect on chromatographic retention behavior. When addressing the binding affinities of the different labeled protein fractions, it was found that native lysozyme was able to displace lysozyme–dye conjugates when the fluorescent label was attached to lysine‐33, but not when attached to lysine‐97. Finally, it could be shown that when superimposing the single profiles of the three major fractions obtained during a labeling procedure a qualitative picture of the net profile is obtained. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 193–200. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The concept of free will: philosophy, neuroscience and the law
Authors: Pockett Susan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVarious philosophical definitions of free will are first considered. The compatibilist definition, which says simply that acts are freely willed if they are not subject to constraints, is identified as much used in the legal system and essentially impervious to scientific investigation. A middle‐ground “incompatibilist” definition, which requires that freely willed acts be consciously initiated, is shown to be relevant to the idea of mens rea and in the author's view not actually incompatible in principle with a fully scientific worldview. Only the strong libertarian definition, which requires that freely willed acts have no physical antecedents whatsoever, makes the existence of free will very hard to swallow scientifically. However, with regard to the middle‐ground “incompatibilist” definition, three different lines of scientific experimental evidence are then described, which suggest that, in fact, consciousness is not the real cause of much of what is generally considered as voluntary behavior. Many voluntary actions are initiated preconsciously, with consciousness kept informed only after the neural events leading to the act have begun. It is suggested that a reasonable way of integrating these experimental findings with the idea that persons do have a somewhat more than compatibilist version of free will is to acknowledge explicitly that a person is a mixture of conscious and unconscious components. In this scenario, the mind in mens rea would have to be judged guilty if it contained either conscious or unconscious intentions to perform the guilty act. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Magnetic properties of PLD‐fabricated ND‐Fe‐B film magnets and their applications to millimeter‐size motors
Authors: Nakano Masaki , Kato Ryutaro , Fukunaga Hirotoshi , Yamashita Fumitoshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe succeeded in depositing 200‐ to 300‐µm‐thick Nd‐Fe‐B film magnets with (BH)max of approximately 55 kJ/m3 on Fe substrates by the PLD method. In addition, we confirmed that a millimeter‐size motor, which was prepared from the obtained film, rotates at 15,160 rpm under a no‐load test. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 1–6, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20215
A simple instant‐estimation method for time‐average quantities of single‐phase power and application to single‐phase power grid connection by inverter
Authors: Shinnaka Shinji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper presents and analyzes a new simple instant‐estimation method for time‐average quantities such as rms values of voltage and current, active and reactive powers, and power factor for single‐phase power with the fundamental component of constant or nearly constant frequency by measuring instantaneous values of voltage and current. According to the analyses, the method can instantly estimate time‐average values with accuracy of the fundamental frequency, and estimation accuracy of the power factor is about two times better than that of voltage, current, and powers. The instant‐estimation method is simple and can be easily applied to single‐phase power control systems that are expected to control instantly and continuously power factor on a single‐phase grid by inverter. Based on the proposed instant‐estimation method, two methods for such power control systems are also proposed and their usefulness is verified through simulations. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 159(2): 34–43, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20236
Luminescent and Electronic Properties of Stilbenoid NCN‐Pincer PtII Compounds
Authors: Batema Guido D. , van de Westelaken Koen T. L. , Guerra Javier , Lutz Martin , Spek Anthony L. , van Walree Cornelis A. , de Mello Donegá Celso , Meijerink Andries , van Klink Gerard P. M. , van Koten Gerard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA series of novel 4,4′‐disubstituted organic–organometallic stilbenes were synthesized, that is, the 4′‐substituted stilbenoid–NCN‐pincer platinum(II) complexes [PtCl(NCN–R‐4)] (NCN–R‐4 = [C6H2(CH2NMe2)2‐2,6‐R‐4]– in which R = C2H2C6H4‐R′‐4′ with R′ = NMe2, OMe, SiMe3, H, I, CN, NO2) (1–7). In these compounds the PtCl grouping can be considered to be present as a donor substituent. Their synthesis involved a Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reaction of [PtCl(NCN–CHO‐4)] (9) with the appropriate phosphonate ester derivatives (8a–g). Under these reaction conditions, the C–Pt bond in aldehyde 9 was not affected, and the platinated stilbene products were obtained in 53–90 % yield. The solid‐state structures of complexes 1, 2 and 5–7 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, which revealed interesting bent conformations for 2, 5 and 7. Linear correlations were found between both the 13C{1H} (C ipso to Pt) and the 195Pt{1H} NMR chemical shift and the Hammett σp value of the R′ substituent; therefore, these NMR shifts can be used as a qualitative probe for the electronic properties of the delocalized π‐system to which it is connected. The platinum–stilbene complexes were investigated for charge‐transfer properties in solvents of different polarity. The luminescent properties, shown by donor–acceptor complexes 1, 6 and 7, were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, and the complexes showed positive solvatochromism, which indicates dipolar character of the excited state. The excited state lifetimes, which were in the picosecond range, and the quantum yields (ranging from 0.002 to 0.2) were also determined for these complexes. It was established that the presence of the transition metal favours nonradiative decay from the excited state to the ground state.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A New and Efficient Heterogeneous System for the Phthalimide N‐Oxyl (PINO) Radical Generation
Authors: Coseri Sergiu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSodium periodate/wet silica gel in the presence of dichloromethane is an efficient reagent at room temperature for the phthalimide N‐oxyl (PINO) radical generation from its precursor N‐hydroxyphthalimide (NHPI). PINO reactions with cycloalkenes occur exclusively by a “pure” radical mechanism, contrasting with PINO's behavior when it is generated using lead tetraacetate.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Age comparison of treatment adherence with antipsychotic medications among individuals with bipolar disorder
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Blow Frederic C. , Kales Helen C. , Valenstein Marcia , Ganoczy Dara , Ignacio Rosalinda V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundFew studies have evaluated medication adherence among older vs younger individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD). We compared adherence with antipsychotic medication among older (age 60 and older) and younger individuals using a large case registry (n = 73,964).MethodsAdherence was evaluated using the medication possession ratio (MPR) for patients receiving antipsychotic medication.ResultsTwenty six thousand five hundred and thirty younger individuals (mean age 46.9) and 6,461 older individuals (mean age 69.2) were prescribed antipsychotic medication. Among older individuals, 61.0% (n = 3,350) were fully adherent, while 19.0% (n = 1,043) were partially adherent and 20.0% (n = 1,098) were non‐adherent. Among younger individuals, 49.5% (n = 10,644) were fully adherent, while 21.8% (n = 4,680) were partially adherent, and 28.7% (n = 6,170) were non‐adherent. As with younger patients, comorbid substance abuse and homelessness predicted non‐adherence among older patients with BPD.ConclusionOlder individuals with BPD were more adherent with antipsychotic medications compared to younger individuals. However, a substantial proportion (approximately 39%) of older patients with BPD still have difficulties with adherence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fabrication and characterization of hydrophilic electrospun membranes made from the block copolymer of poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐lactide)
Authors: Yang De‐Juan , Zhang Li‐Fang , Xu Liang , Xiong Cheng‐Dong , Ding Jing , Wang Yu‐Zhong 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo improve the hydrophilicity, pliability, and egradability of some biodegradable polymers such as polylactide (PLA), a triblock copolymer, and poly(ethylene glycol‐co‐lactide) (PELA) has been electrospun into fibrous membranes in the fiber sizes of 7.5 μm to 250 nm. The relationship between electrospinning parameters (such as voltage, concentration, and feeding rate) and the fiber diameters has been investigated. The characterizations for the structure and morphology of electrospun membranes were carried out using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), 1H NMR, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrophilicity of the membrane was determined by contact angle measurements in bidistilled water, and it was shown that the hydrophilicity of the copolymer could be adjusted by the content of the poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG) segment in the copolymer. The results of in vitro degradation study showed that the submicrostructure of the fibrous membrane and the incorporation of hydrophilic PEG into PLA block could accelerate the degradation of the membrane in regards to the changes of inherent viscosity, tensile strength, and weight loss. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 2007
Biaxial flexural modulus of antibiotic‐impregnated orthopedic bone cement
Authors: Leone James , Johnson Amy , Ziada Samir , Hashemi Ata , Adili Anthony , de Beer Justin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreviously reported antibiotic‐impregnated cement strengths have been based on uniaxial and fatigue testing methodologies. These methods may not provide an accurate characterization of bone cement's true load‐bearing capacity in total joint replacement (TJR). The present study utilized biaxial testing to report on the properties of antibiotic‐impregnated cement. Test groups included: PMMA mixed with Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Tobramycin, or no antibiotic (control). In comparison to the control group, PMMA samples mixed with powdered gentamicin resulted in an increase in the mean elastic modulus by 6.50% versus a drop noted with powdered vancomycin and tobramycin by 2.65 and 1.37% respectively. The mean elastic modulus in samples containing liquid gentamicin dropped by 11.6%. This study supports the continued use of powdered antibiotics when clinically indicated, but suggest caution in the use of liquid gentamicin in TJR. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2007
Erratum: Women entrepreneurs in the Gambia: challenges and opportunities
Authors: Della‐Giusta Marina , Phillips Christine 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWomen Entrepreneurs in the Gambia: Challenges and Opportunities. M. Della‐Giusta, C. Phillips. Journal of International Development (18)8: 1051–1064.The authors should appear in the following order: ‘C. Phillips and M. Della‐Giusta’ and not ‘M. Della‐Giusta and C. Phillips’ as published.
Rat supraspinatus tendon expresses cartilage markers with overuse
Authors: Archambault J.M. , Jelinsky S.A. , Lake S.P. , Hill A.A. , Glaser D.L. , Soslowsky L.J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe goals of this study were to investigate the response of the rat supraspinatus tendon to overuse at the molecular level using transcriptional profiling, and to identify potential markers of tendinopathy. Adult rats were subjected to an overuse protocol that consists of downhill running (10% grade) at 17 m/min for 1 h/day, 5 days/week, for a total of either 1, 2, or 4 weeks. Another group of rats served as nonrunning time 0 controls. Transcriptional profiling was performed on the supraspinatus and patellar tendons using an Affymetrix rat genome array. A gene was considered to be differentially expressed if the p value from an ANOVA test was less than 0.01 and the difference between runners and controls was at least twofold at any time point. The supraspinatus tendon had increased expression of well‐known cartilage genes such as col2a1, aggrecan, and sox9. These genes were not regulated in the patellar tendon, an internal comparator. Few genes associated with inflammation, or angiogenesis, were differentially expressed, and no significant change in the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases was detected. The results of this study suggest that by expressing more cartilage genes, the tendon is converting toward a fibrocartilage phenotype as a result of the repetitive loading and repeated compression of the tendon as it passes through the acromial arch. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:617–624, 2007
Long‐bone critical‐size defects treated with tissue‐engineered grafts: A study on sheep
Authors: Viateau Véronique , Guillemin Geneviève , Bousson Valérie , Oudina Karim , Hannouche Didier , Sedel Laurent , Logeart‐Avramoglou Delphine , Petite Hervé 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStandardized particulate bone constructs, obtained by expanding autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) onto coral granules in vitro, were transplanted into long‐bone, critical‐size defects in sheep. Control experiments were also performed in which autologous bone grafts were implanted. Defect cavities were lined with a preformed vascularized membrane (induced by temporarily inserting a cement spacer for 6 weeks prior to bone construct implantation), which served as a mold keeping the engineered bone granules in place. Radiographic, histological, and computed tomographic tests performed 6 months later showed that the osteogenic abilities of the engineered construct and autograft were significantly greater than those of coral scaffold alone. No significant differences were found between the amount of newly formed bone in defects filled with coral/MSCs and those filled with autograft, yet radiological scores differed significantly between the two groups (21% and 100% healed cortices, respectively). The present study on a clinically relevant animal model provides the first evidence that standardized particulate bone constructs can be used to repair large bone defects and that their osteogenic ability approaches that of bone autograft, the bone repair benchmark. By proving feasibility, the present study makes possible the treatment of segmental bone losses with bone constructs engineered from granules, a process which is much simpler than preparing customized massive constructs using computer‐assisted techniques. Important parameters, such as the rate of scaffold resorption and the number of MSCs to be seeded on the scaffolds, need to be optimized before reaching pertinent definitive conclusions. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25: 741–749, 2007
Longitudinal osteotomy of lateral sacrum for malignant iliac tumor using modified threadwire saw
Authors: Osaka Shunzo , Yoshida Yukihiro , Ryu Junnosuke 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA longitudinal osteotomy of lateral sacrum for malignant iliac tumors using modified threadwire saw is conducted. This procedure issignificantly wide, rapid and safe. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:258–260. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The predictors of microvascular invasion in candidates for liver transplantation with hepatocellular carcinoma—with special reference to the serum levels of des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin
Authors: Shirabe Ken , Itoh Shinji , Yoshizumi Tomoharu , Soejima Yuji , Taketomi Akinobu , Aishima Shin‐ichi , Maehara Yoshihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe microvascular invasion of cancer cells (mvi) is a good prognostic factor after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study is to predict mvi in patients with HCC who were candidates for OLT. We studied 218 patients with HCC resections who had HCC without any extrahepatic metastases and vascular invasion detected during preoperative evaluation. We analyzed the clinico‐pathological data of these patients to predict the mvi presence. The mvi prediction scoring system was made and the accuracy of this system was examined using independent clinico‐pathologic factors. The size and histological grade of the tumor were significantly correlated with the mvi. The des‐gamma‐carboxy prothrombin (DCP) is a mvi predictor. The sensitivity of our mvi prediction system was 75% and the specificity was 85% in 32 patients who underwent living‐donor liver transplantations for HCC. Our study shows that besides the tumor size and histological grade, a measurement of the serum DCP levels could be a good predictor for mvi. A tumor biopsy and a preoperative measurement of DCP could improve the selection of patients with HCC for OLT. Our scoring system for mvi provides us a precise prediction of the presence of mvi. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:235–240. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiple confined‐state transitions within surface quantum dots by a piezomodulation reflectance study
Authors: Yu C. H. , Wang C. , Zhang B. , Gong Q. , Li Y. J. , Lu W. , Shen S. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMultiple confined‐state transitions within surface quantum dots deposited on In0.35Ga0.65As template grown on GaAs (311)B substrate, as well as signals from all other relevant portions of the samples including buried QDs, In0.35Ga0.65As template, and GaAs‐related layers, at 77 K, were obtained in a piezomodulation reflectance spectroscopy (PzR) study. The measured transition energies were accurately determined using a Gaussian lineshape fit based on the reference of PL results. Four factors caused the large energy shift (larger than 400 meV) of confined states within SQDs compared to the buried QDs. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry determination of organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in drinking and surface waters
Authors: Bacaloni Alessandro , Cavaliere Chiara , Foglia Patrizia , Nazzari Manuela , Samperi Roberto , Laganà Aldo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric method for analyzing organophophorus flame retardants and plasticizers in drinking and environmental waters was developed. Five alkyl phosphates, three chlorinated alkyl phosphates, two aryl phosphate and triphenylphosphine oxide were selected for this study. These compounds were extracted from water samples by a hydrophilic polymeric solid‐phase extraction cartridge. Accuracy and precision were evaluated analyzing 0.5 L of water samples spiked at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/L for drinking water and at 300 and 1000 ng/L for river water. Except for trimethyl phosphate, analyte recoveries were better than 80%, and were not dependent on the type of aqueous matrix in which they were dissolved. At the spike levels considered, within‐day precision was between 3 and 12% for tap water and between 4 and 14% for river water, and estimated method quantification limits ranged from 0.2 to 3.9 ng/L. A short survey conducted by analyzing some river water samples (River Tiber) ascertained the presence of ten organophosphorus compounds at concentration levels ranging from a few nanograms per liter to 323 ng/L for tris(2‐butoxyethyl) phosphate. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of antitumor active OSW‐1 and its analogues by liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry
Authors: Kasai Hiroko F. , Tsubuki Masayoshi , Matsuo Sohichiro , Honda Toshio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree cholestane glycosides including OSW‐1 with antitumor activity and two new analogues with modified steroidal side chains, thienyl OSW‐1 and silylated thienyl OSW‐1, were synthesized. Analyses were performed using optimized, reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (MS). The ionization mode and polarity, cone voltage, and chromatographic conditions were evaluated. The optimum LC/MS conditions to obtain valuable ions, indispensable for identifying the structures, are described. The key fragmentation pathways, which will be useful for confirming the detailed structures of steroidal glycosides, are also proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Regenerative pseudo‐noise‐like (PNL) ranging sequences for deep‐space missions
Authors: Massey James L. , Boscagli Giovanni , Vassallo Enrico 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpace agencies are currently considering replacing conventional ranging systems with regenerative schemes for future demanding interplanetary missions. The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) in charge of standardization among Space Agencies is studying both Pseudo‐Noise (PN) and Pseudo‐Noise‐Like (PNL) sequences and intends to generate a recommended standard (Blue Book) by 2007. The present paper treats the PNL schemes under consideration by CCSDS, with emphasis on the scrambled weighted‐voting Stiffler PNL ranging‐sequence scheme, which is proposed herein and which appears to be superior to all other PN and PNL ranging schemes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.