bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An output feedback nonlinear decentralized controller for unmanned vehicle co‐ordination
Authors: Orqueda O. A. A. , Zhang X. T. , Fierro R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper presents vision‐based control strategies for decentralized stabilization ofunmanned vehicleformations. Three leader–follower formation control algorithms, which ensure asymptotic co‐ordinated motion, are described and compared. The first algorithm is afull state feedbacknonlinear controller that requires full knowledge of the leader's velocities and accelerations. The second algorithm is arobust state feedbacknonlinear controller that requires knowledge of the rate of change of the relative position error. Finally, the third algorithm is anoutput feedbackapproach that uses ahigh‐gain observerto estimate the derivative of the unmanned vehicles' relative position. Thus, this algorithm only requires knowledge of the leader–follower relative distance and bearing angle. Both data are computed using measurements from a single camera, eliminating sensitivity to information flow between vehicles. Lyapunov's stability theory‐based analysis and numerical simulations in a realistic 3D environment show the stability properties of the control methodologies. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate may be curative in early‐onset epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Hoffmann G. F. , Schmitt B. , Windfuhr M. , Wagner N. , Strehl H. , Bagci S. , Franz A. R. , Mills P. B. , Clayton P. T. , Baumgartner M. R. , Steinmann B. , Bast T. , Wolf N. I. , Zschocke J. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryNeonatal epileptic encephalopathy can be caused by inborn errors of metabolism. These conditions are often unresponsive to treatment with conventional antiepileptic drugs. Six children with pyridox(am)ine‐5′‐phosphate oxidase (PNPO) deficiency presented with neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. Two were treated with pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate (PLP) within the first month of life and showed normal development or moderate psychomotor retardation thereafter. Four children with late or no treatment died or showed severe mental handicap. All of the children showed atypical biochemical findings. Prompt treatment with PLP in all neonates and infants with epileptic encephalopathy should become mandatory, permitting normal development in at least some of those affected with PNPO deficiency.
Nonlinear evolution PDEs in $\mathbb R^{+}\times \mathbb C^{d}$: existence and uniqueness of solutions, asymptotic and Borel summability properties
Authors: Costin O. , Tanveer S. 
Published: December 2006

We consider a system of

n

-th order nonlinear quasilinear partial differential equations of the form

\mathbf{u}_{t} + \mathcal{P}\left(\partial _{\mathbf{x}}^{\mathbf{j}}\right)\mathbf{u} + \mathbf{g}\left(\mathbf{x},t,\left\{\partial _{\mathbf{x}}^{\mathbf{j}}\mathbf{u}\right\}\right) = 0;\:\mathbf{u}(\mathbf{x},0) = \mathbf{u}_{\mathbf{I}}(\mathbf{x})

with

\mathbf{u}∊\mathbb{C}^{r}

, for

t∊(0,T)

and large

|\mathbf{x}|

in a poly-sector

S

in

\mathbb{C}^{d}

(

\partial _{\mathbf{x}}^{\mathbf{j}} \equiv \partial _{x_{1}}^{j_{1}}\partial _{x_{2}}^{j_{2}}⋯\partial _{x_{d}}^{j_{d}}

and

j_{1} + ⋯ + j_{d}⩽n

). The principal part of the constant coefficient

n

-th order differential operator

\mathcal{P}

is subject to a cone condition. The nonlinearity

\mathbf g

and the functions

\mathbf{u}_{\mathbf{I}}

and

\mathbf u

satisfy analyticity and decay assumptions in

S

.

The paper shows existence and uniqueness of the solution of this problem and finds its asymptotic behavior for large

|\mathbf{x}|

.

Under further regularity conditions on

\mathbf g

and

\mathbf{u}_{\mathbf{I}}

which ensure the existence of a formal asymptotic series solution for large

|\mathbf{x}|

to the problem, we prove its Borel summability to the actual solution

\mathbf u

.

The structure of the nonlinearity and the complex plane setting preclude standard methods. We use a new approach, based on Borel–Laplace regularization and Écalle acceleration techniques to control the equation.
These results are instrumental in constructive analysis of singularity formation in nonlinear PDEs with prescribed initial data, an application referred to in the paper.

In special cases motivated by applications we show how the method can be adapted to obtain short-time existence, uniqueness and asymptotic behavior for small

t

, of sectorially analytic solutions, without size restriction on the space variable.
An extension theorem to rough paths
Authors: Lyons Terry , Victoir Nicolas 
Published: December 2006

We show that any continuous path of finite

p

-variation can be lifted to a geometric

q

-rough path, where

q > p

.

Résumé

Nous montrons que tout chemin continu de

p

-variation finie peut être relevé en un « geometric

q

-rough path », pour

q > p

.
Clinical trials update from the American Heart Association 2006: OAT, SALT 1 and 2, MAGIC, ABCD, PABA‐CHF, IMPROVE‐CHF, and percutaneous mitral annuloplasty
Authors: Cleland John G.F. , Coletta Alison P. , Abdellah Ahmed Tageldien , Nasir Mansoor , Hobson Neil , Freemantle Nick , Clark Andrew L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article provides information and a commentary on trials presented at the American Heart Association meeting held in November 2006, relevant to the pathophysiology, prevention and treatment of heart failure. All reports should be considered as preliminary data, as analyses may change in the final publication.The OAT study failed to show a benefit of PCI over optimal medical therapy in patients with persistent total occlusion of the infarct related artery following a myocardial infarction. In SALT 1 and 2, tolvaptan was found to correct hyponatraemia of various aetiologies; however, whether this has an impact on heart failure prognosis requires further evaluation. A placebo controlled study of myocardial implantation of skeletal myoblasts in patients with moderate to severe LVSD (MAGIC) showed equivocal/uncertain effects, long term follow‐up data are awaited. The ABCD study which compared the ability of an invasive and a non‐invasive test to identify patients at risk of arrhythmic events prior to ICD implantation, suggested that the two strategies were comparable, although the practical value of either test remains uncertain and the study had many major flaws. The PABA‐CHF study hinted that pulmonary vein antrum isolation might be more effective than AV node ablation with bi‐ventricular pacing for the treatment of patients with heart failure in atrial fibrillation. In IMPROVE‐CHF, an NT‐pro BNP guided treatment strategy was found to reduce the cost of managing patients with acute breathlessness.
Validity, reliability and objectivity of the family history method in psychiatry: A meta analysis
Authors: Hardt Jochen , Franke Petra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe family history is a widely used method in psychiatry; but data on the method's objectivity, reliability and validity shows partly diverging results.MethodIn October 2005, a Medline search was conducted that yielded 7 studies regarding objectivity/reliability and 13 studies regarding validity. Results for six main groups of psychiatric diagnoses and any mental disorder were combined qualitatively for objectivity/reliability, and quantitatively for validity.ResultsObjectivity was generally high (κ in the 0.80 range). Reliability was high for any mental disorder, schizophrenia, substance abuse and depression (κ in the 0.70 range), and low or medium for anxiety (κ between 0.30 and 0.50). Results on validity displayed an OR = 148 for the family history for schizophrenia; OR = 64 for mania/bipolar disorder; and OR's between 8 and 194 for substance abuse, between 3 and 37 for depression, between 5 and 350 for personality disorders, between 2.5 and 49 for anxiety, and between 2.4 and 9 for any mental disorder.ConclusionThere is clear evidence that the family history provides results that are better than chance for all disorders examined. But variance among diagnostic groups and among studies is considerable.
Chronic administration of methylphenidate activates mitochondrial respiratory chain in brain of young rats
Authors: Fagundes Ana O. , Rezin Gislaine T. , Zanette Francine , Grandi Eliane , Assis Lara C. , Dal‐Pizzol Felipe , Quevedo João , Streck Emilio L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractMethylphenidate is frequently prescribed for the treatment of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychostimulants can cause long‐lasting neurochemical and behavioral adaptations. The exact mechanisms underlying its therapeutic and adverse effects are still not well understood. In this context, it was previously demonstrated that methylphenidate altered brain metabolic activity, evaluated by glucose consumption. Most cell energy is obtained through oxidative phosphorylation, in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Tissues with high energy demands, such as the brain, contain a large number of mitochondria. In this work, our aim was to measure the activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes II and IV and succinate dehydrogenase in cerebellum, prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and cerebral cortex of young rats (starting on 25th post‐natal day and finishing on 53rd post‐natal day) chronically treated with methylphenidate. Our results showed that mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes activities were increased by chronic administration of this drug. Succinate dehydrogenase was activated in cerebellum, prefrontal cortex and striatum, but did not change in hippocampus and brain cortex. Complex II activity was increased in cerebellum and prefrontal cortex and was not affected in hippocampus, striatum and brain cortex. Finally, complex IV activity was increased in cerebellum, hippocampus, striatum and brain cortex, and was not affected in prefrontal cortex. These findings suggest that chronic exposure to methylphenidate in young rats increases mitochondrial enzymes involved in brain metabolism. Further research is being carried out in order to better understand the effects of this drug on developing nervous system and the potential consequences in adulthood resulting from early‐life drug exposure.
Behavioral alterations induced by HgCl2 depend on the postnatal period of exposure
Authors: Peixoto Nilce C. , Roza Taciane , Morsch Vera M. , Pereira Maria E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis paper shows the toxicity of mercury (HgCl2 5 mg/kg/day for 5 days, sc) applied at specific stages of development (1–5, 8–12 or 17–21 days old, 1st, 2nd and 3rd phases, respectively) on the performance of rats in three behavioral tasks and on cerebral mercury levels. The mercury exposure at the 1st and 2nd phases affected the performances of rats in the rim escape. Spontaneous alternation behavior was not altered by mercury exposure. In the open field task, habituation was absent when the rats were treated at the 1st phase, and the crossing response number was lower in rats exposed to mercury at the last period. In general, the brain accumulated large quantities of mercury. In short, the first days of postnatal life (1st phase) appeared to be more sensitive to mercury exposure than the other phases studied, since they presented behavioral deficits even at a time period somewhat after the exposure.
Comparing diffusion‐weighted and T2‐weighted MR imaging for the quantification of infarct size in a neonatal rat hypoxic–ischemic model at 24 h post‐injury
Authors: Wang Yanxin , Cheung Pik‐To , Shen Gary X. , Bhatia Inderjeet , Wu Ed Xue , Qiu Deqiang , Khong Pek‐Lan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPurposeIn a neonatal rat model of hypoxic–ischemic (HI) brain injury, using T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI), we aim to determine the best MRI method of lesion quantification that reflects infarct size.Materials and methodsTwenty 7‐day‐old rats underwent MRI 24 h after HI brain injury was induced. Lesion size relative to whole brain was measured using T2WI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps, applying thresholds of 60%, 70% and 80% contralateral control hemisphere mean ADC, and at day 10 post‐HI on pathology with TTC staining. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to study the relationships between lesion size at MRI and pathology.ResultsLesion size measurement using all MRI methods significantly correlated with infarct size at pathology; using T2WI, r = 0.808 (p < 0.001), using 80% ADC, 70% ADC and 60% ADC thresholds, r = 0.888 (p < 0.001), 0.761, (p < 0.001) and 0.569 (p = 0.014), respectively. Eighty percent ADC threshold was found to be the only significant independent predictor of final infarct volume (adjusted R2 = 0.775).ConclusionAt 24 h post‐HI, lesion size on DWI, using 80% ADC threshold is the best predictor of final infarct volume. Although T2WI performed less well, it has the advantage of superior spatial resolution and is technically less demanding. These are important considerations for experiments which utilize MRI as a surrogate method for lesion quantification in the neonatal rat HI model.
Atomic Physics and Thermonuclear Fusion Research
Authors: H W Drawin  
Published: December 2006

Presently thermonuclear fusion research is faced with a number of atomic and molecular physics problems depending on the type of high-temperature plasma investigated. The present article discusses some particular atomic physics aspects in connection with magnetically confined plasmas (Tokamaks, Stellarators):(1) rate equations for density, momentum and energy with application to plasmas;(2) initial phase of Tokamak plasmas;(3) influence of impurity radiation on operating conditions of fusion plasmas in general and on Tokamak plasmas in particular;(4) influence of atomic elementary reactions on thermodynamic plasma properties;(5) level structures of highly ionized atoms;(6) spectroscopic diagnostic problems.
Organ Accompaniments in England in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Cummings W. H. 
Published: January 2007

A few preliminary observations are desirable respecting organs and organ music of the centuries prior to the sixteenth.In the thirteenth century both the Greek and Latin clergy deemed the use of organs in churches profane, and it is matter of common knowledge that the organ remains excluded from the Greek Church to this day.
Perturbation of eigenvalues due to gaps in two-dimensional boundaries
Authors: Davis Anthony M.J , Llewellyn Smith Stefan G 
Published: December 2006

Motivated by problems involving diffusion through small gaps, we revisit two-dimensional eigenvalue problems with localized perturbations to Neumann boundary conditions. We recover the known result that the gravest eigenvalue is
O
(|ln
ϵ
|
−1
), where
ϵ
is the ratio of the size of the hole to the length-scale of the domain, and provide a simple and constructive approach for summing the inverse logarithm terms and obtaining further corrections. Comparisons with numerical solutions obtained for special geometries, both for the Dirichlet ‘patch problem’ where the perturbation to the boundary consists of a different boundary condition and for the gap problem, confirm that this approach is a simple way of obtaining an accurate value for the gravest eigenvalue and hence the long-term outcome of the underlying diffusion problem.
Culture or climate? The relative influences of past processes on the composition of the lowland Congo rainforest
Authors: Brncic Terry M , Willis Katherine J , Harris David J , Washington Richard 
Published: December 2006

This paper presents the results from a palaeoecological study to establish the impact of prehistoric human activity and climate change on the vegetation and soils of the Goualougo area of the Nouabalé-Ndoki National Park, in the Republic of Congo (Congo–Brazzaville). This is a region that is known from previous work (through evidence of pottery, furnaces and charcoal layers beneath the present day rainforest vegetation) to have had prehistoric settlement dating back to at least 2000 calibrated years before present. In addition, there is climatic evidence to suggest that significant variations in precipitation have occurred in central Africa over the last few millennia. Presently, the region is covered in uninhabited moist semi-evergreen rainforest. Key research questions addressed in this paper include the extent to which the present-day composition of rainforest in this region is as a result of processes of the past (climate change and/or human activity), and the resilience of the rainforest to these perturbations.Statistical analyses of pollen, microscopic charcoal and geochemical data are used to determine the relationship over time between vegetation dynamics and climate change, anthropogenic burning and metal smelting. Significant changes in forest composition are linked to burning and climate change but not metallurgy. The strongest influence on the present day composition appears to be related to the increased anthropogenic burning that started approximately 1000 years ago. Results from this study are discussed in terms of their implications for the present and future management of this globally important forested region.
Transcriptional Profiling of the Arabidopsis Embryo
Authors: Spencer Matthew W.B. , Casson Stuart A. , Lindsey Keith 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have used laser-capture microdissection to isolate RNA from discrete tissues of globular, heart, and torpedo stage embryos of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). This was amplified and analyzed by DNA microarray using the Affymetrix ATH1 GeneChip, representing approximately 22,800 Arabidopsis genes. Cluster analysis showed that spatial differences in gene expression were less significant than temporal differences. Time course analysis reveals the dynamics and complexity of gene expression in both apical and basal domains of the developing embryo, with several classes of synexpressed genes identifiable. The transition from globular to heart stage is associated in particular with an up-regulation of genes involved in cell cycle control, transcriptional regulation, and energetics and metabolism. The transition from heart to torpedo stage is associated with a repression of cell cycle genes and an up-regulation of genes encoding storage proteins, and pathways of cell growth, energy, and metabolism. The torpedo stage embryo shows strong functional differentiation in the root and cotyledon, as inferred from the classes of genes expressed in these tissues. The time course of expression of the essential EMBRYO-DEFECTIVE genes shows that most are expressed at unchanging levels across all stages of embryogenesis. We show how identified genes can be used to generate cell type-specific markers and promoter activities for future application in cell biology.
Cross-Species Translocation of mRNA from Host Plants into the Parasitic Plant Dodder
Authors: Roney Jeannine K. , Khatibi Piyum A. , Westwood James H. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
An intriguing new paradigm in plant biology is that systemically mobile mRNAs play a role in coordinating development. In this process, specific mRNAs are loaded into the phloem transport stream for translocation to distant tissues, where they may impact on developmental processes. However, despite its potential significance for plant growth regulation, mRNA trafficking remains poorly understood and challenging to study. Here, we show that phloem-mobile mRNAs can also traffic between widely divergent species from a host to the plant parasite lespedeza dodder (Cuscuta pentagona Engelm.). Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and microarray analysis were used to detect specific tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) transcripts in dodder grown on tomato that were not present in control dodder grown on other host species. Foreign transcripts included LeGAI, which has previously been shown to be translocated in the phloem, as well as nine other transcripts not reported to be mobile. Dodders are parasitic plants that obtain resources by drawing from the phloem of a host plant and have joint plasmodesmata with host cortical cells. Although viruses are known to move between dodder and its hosts, translocation of endogenous plant mRNA has not been reported. These results point to a potentially new level of interspecies communication, and raise questions about the ability of parasites to recognize, use, and respond to transcripts acquired from their hosts.
Diversity and Evolution of CYCLOIDEA-Like TCP Genes in Relation to Flower Development in Papaveraceae
Authors: Damerval Catherine , Guilloux Martine Le , Jager Muriel , Charon Céline 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
Monosymmetry evolved several times independently during flower evolution. In snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus), a key gene for monosymmetry is CYCLOIDEA (CYC), which belongs to the class II TCP gene family encoding transcriptional activators. We address the questions of the evolutionary history of this gene family and of possible recruitment of genes homologous to CYC in floral development and symmetry in the Papaveraceae. Two to three members of the class II TCP family were found in each species analyzed, two of which were CYC-like genes, on the basis of the presence of both the TCP and R conserved domains. The duplication that gave rise to these two paralogous lineages (named PAPACYL1 and PAPACYL2) probably predates the divergence of the two main clades within the Papaveraceae. Phylogenetic relationships among angiosperm class II TCP genes indicated that (1) PAPACYL genes were closest to Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) AtTCP18, and a duplication at the base of the core eudicot would have given rise to two supplementary CYC-like lineages; and (2) at least three class II TCP genes were present in the ancestor of monocots and eudicots. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization approaches in three species with different floral symmetry indicated that both PAPACYL paralogs were expressed during floral development. A pattern common to all three species was observed at organ junctions in inflorescences and flowers. Expression in the outer petals was specifically observed in the two species with nonactinomorphic flowers. Hypotheses concerning the ancestral pattern of expression and function of CYC-like genes and their possible role in floral development of Papaveraceae species leading to bisymmetric buds are discussed.