bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quality characteristics and storage stability of patties from buffalo head and heart meats
Authors: Verma Arun K. , Lakshmanan Veerappa , Das Arun K. , Mendiratta Sanjod K. , Anjaneyulu Anne Sita Ram 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of using buffalo head and heart meat in emulsion based products preparation and to assess their quality during refrigerated storage. The whole study was carried out in three phases. In phase I, head meat patties (HMP) (treatment I, II and III) were prepared in which head meat was substituted with 15%, 20% and 25% skeletal meat and compared with patties from skeletal meat (control). Treated patties had higher emulsion stability, cooking yield, pH and lower shrink percentage and chewiness than control. Sensory attributes of control and treated patties did not differ significantly. In phase II, HMP were prepared in which head meat was substituted with 20%, 30% and 40% heart meat and similarly compared with control as in phase I. Addition of heart meat in HMP had significantly (P < 0.05) increased pH, cooking yield, moisture, lower protein and fat content than control patties. Hardness, gumminess and chewiness values of control patties were higher than treated patties. HMP with heart meat had higher tenderness than control. Control patties rated better than treated patties during sensory evaluation. In phase III, quality of patties was assessed at refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C) for 15 days. The patties remained stable with minor changes in physico‐chemical, microbiological and sensory quality during refrigerated storage for 15 days. Buffalo head and heart meat effectively be utilised in developing patties.
Antioxidant activity of pomegranate rind powder extract in cooked chicken patties
Authors: Naveena Basappa M. , Sen Arup R. , Kingsly Rose P. , Singh Desh B. , Kondaiah Napa 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe radical scavenging activity, reducing power and phenolic composition of pomegranate rind powder extract (RP) were determined and antioxidant properties of RP was evaluated in cooked chicken patties compared with vitamin C (VC) during refrigerated storage. Freshly minced chicken meat were assigned to one of the following six treatments: control (meat without any antioxidant); RP 5, RP 10, RP 15 and RP 20 (5, 10, 15 and 20 mg equivalent RP phenolics 100 g−1 meat, respectively) and VC 50 (50 mg VC 100 g−1 meat). The RP exhibited significantly (P < 0.05) higher reducing power and 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity. Incorporation of RP into chicken patties significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the HunterLab L* values compared with control and VC patties. Total phenolic content (as tannic acid equivalent) significantly (P < 0.05) increased from 308 in control to 441 μg g−1 in RP 20 patties. Addition of RP to chicken patties did not affect any of the sensory attributes. The values of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were significantly (P < 0.05) reduced from 1.530 in control patties to 0.135 mg malonaldehyde kg−1 samples in RP patties. Pomegranate rind powder extract treatment (RP 10, RP 15 and RP 20) substantially inhibited (P < 0.05) lipid oxidation in cooked chicken patties to a much greater extent than VC treatment. Therefore, pomegranate rind powder can be utilized as an excellent natural antioxidant source.
Moisture sorption isotherms and thermodynamic properties of apple Fuji and garlic
Authors: Moraes Mariana A. , Rosa Gabriela S. , Pinto Luiz A. A. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe moisture equilibrium isotherms of garlic and apple were determined at 50, 60 and 70 °C using the gravimetric static method. The experimental data were analysed using GAB, BET, Henderson–Thompson and Oswin equations. The isosteric heat and the differential entropy of desorption were determined by applying Clausius–Clapeyron and Gibbs–Helmholtz equations, respectively. The GAB equation showed the best fitting to the experimental data (R2 > 99% and E% < 10%). The monolayer moisture content values for apple were higher than those for garlic at the studied temperatures; the values varied from 0.050 to 0.056 and from 0.107 to 0.168 for garlic and apple, respectively. The isosteric heat and the differential entropy of desorption were estimated in function of the moisture content. The values of these thermodynamic properties were higher for apple (in range 48–100 kJ mol−1 and 14–150 J mol−1 K−1) than for garlic (in range 43–68 kJ mol−1 and 0–66 J mol−1 K−1). The water surface area values decreased with increasing temperature. The Kelvin and the Halsey equations were used to calculate the pore size distribution.
Comparison of polyamine, phenol and flavonoid contents in plants grown under conventional and organic methods
Authors: Lima Giuseppina Pace Pereira , Da Rocha Suraya Abdallah , Takaki Massanori , Ramos Paulo Roberto Rodrigues , Ono Elizabeth Orika 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe objective of this work was to compare the contents of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine and spermine), and total soluble phenols and flavonoids in parts of plants grown under either organic or conventional cropping, commonly discarded during food preparation. The contents of free polyamines, total phenols and total soluble flavonoids in peels (zucchini squash, banana, potato, eggplant, orange, lime, mango, passion fruit and radish), leaves (zucchini squash, broccoli, carrot, collard, cassava, radish and grape), stalks (broccoli, collard and spinach) and zucchini seeds were analysed. Most analysed vegetables presented higher contents of polyamines and total phenols under organic cropping, contrary to the results obtained for total flavonoids, possibly because of the cultural practices adopted.
Equilibrium moisture of kale seed (Brassica oleraceavar.acephala): an alternative method for choice of the best model
Authors: Barrozo Marcos A. S. , Bego Natália C. , Oliveira Daniel T. 
Published: September 2008

SummaryAs majority of the sorption equilibrium equations are nonlinear, care should be taken in estimating their parameters, because in some situations, the confidence interval of the least‐squares (LS) estimators may not be appropriate. In these cases, some procedures are available in the literature to validate the statistical properties of the LS estimators of nonlinear models. In this work, the nonlinear measures are used to discriminate, between six equations that represent the sorption equilibrium isotherms of kale seeds (Brassica oleraceaL. var.acephalaD.C.). Results show that the Halsey modified equation is the best one to describe the experimental data.
Effect of flavonoids on the oxidative stability of corn oil during deep frying
Authors: Naz Shahina , Siddiqi Rahmanullah , Asad Sayeed Syed 
Published: September 2008

SummaryTo study the effect of flavonoids on the stability of frying oil, refined corn oil was analysed periodically for its peroxide value (PV), p‐anisidine value (p‐AV) and iodine value (IV) after its use for deep‐frying of French fries at 180 °C for varying periods of time, namely 30, 60 and 90 min. PV and p‐AV values increased with respect to time while a decrease in IV was observed with increase in time (P < 0.001). Deep‐frying of French fries in corn oil was then carried out in the presence of flavonoids, viz. pelargonidin, cyanidin, quercetin, myrecetin and gallic acid as antioxidants. All antioxidants effectively reduced the oxidation rate in the oil, as detected by decrease in PVs and p‐AVs and relatively low reduction rate in IVs (P < 0.001). The order of antioxidative activity was gallic acid > quercetin > myrecetin > cyanidin > pelargonidin.
(+)‐Catechin and (−)‐epicatechin levels of concentrated and ready‐to‐drink grape juices through storage
Authors: Gollücke Andréa Pittelli Boiago , De Souza Jane Cristina , De Queiroz Tavares Débora 
Published: September 2008

SummaryCommercial concentrated Concord (CCJ) and Isabel (CIJ) grapes juices were stored at 4–5 °C while pasteurised ready‐to‐drink juices of the same grape cultivars (PCJ and PIJ) were kept at 20–25 °C under indirect light for 10 months, simulating industrial storage conditions. (+)‐catechin preservation during storage ranged between 63% (PCJ) and 52% (PIJ); (−)‐epicatechin retention was of 32% (CCJ) and 15% (CIJ). Total phenols retention ranged from 93% (CCJ) to 84% (PCJ) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) from 87% (PIJ) to 85% (CCJ and PCJ). Concentrated juices showed higher monomeric flavan‐3‐ols amounts and CCJ depicted superior phenolic contents. PIJ yielded the highest RSA during storage per phenolic unit. Process and storage impacted flavan‐3‐ols and not total phenolics and RSA during 10‐month ageing.
Effect of the side chain size of 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles on antioxidant activity and ‘Laba’ garlic greening
Authors: Wang Dan , Hu Xiaosong , Zhao Guanghua 
Published: September 2008

SummaryPrevious studies showed that 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles not only occur in fresh food products postulated as a natural antioxidant but also might be involved in garlic greening. In the present study, a series of 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles with different side chain size were synthesised to study the relationship of structure and antioxidative activity and their effects on ‘Laba’ garlic greening. The antioxidative activity of these compounds was evaluated by the method of scavenging ABTS˙ and DPPH˙. Results showed that increasing the size of R groups on the side chain, the antioxidative activity decreased gradually against the two radicals. The 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles generally exhibited stronger scavenging activities against ABTS˙ than DPPH˙. In contrast, their corresponding amino acids except for tyrosine showed almost no antioxidative activities while pyrrole exhibited much weaker activity as compared with the 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles, suggesting that the 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles donate H‐atom from pyrrole moiety rather than side chain to quench the two radicals. On the other hand, all 1‐alkyl‐pyrroles can turn newly harvested garlic green but to a different extent. All these results suggested that these pyrrole derivatives occurring in foodstuff played an important role in either protecting foodstuff from oxidation or acting on pigment precursors during ‘Laba’ garlic greening.
Comparative study on composition and antioxidant properties of mint and black tea extract
Authors: Padmini Ekambaram , Prema Krishnan , Vijaya Geetha Bose , Usha Rani Munuswamy 
Published: September 2008

SummaryThe antioxidant properties of plants could be correlated with oxidative stress defence in different human diseases. The present study was undertaken to evaluate and compare the antioxidant potential and the phytochemical composition in the aqueous extracts of mint leaves, black tea and black tea enriched with mint extract. All the three preparations exhibited free radical‐scavenging potential for nitric oxide (NO) radical, superoxide anion radical and hydroxyl radical, and the values were lesser than those of the antioxidants which acted as standards. In comparison, the mint extract exhibited higher free radical and NO scavenging effect. Hydroxyl radical and superoxide scavenging effects were more pronounced in tea with the mint extract, while the reducing power was exhibited more significantly by the black tea extract. The phytochemical compounds were identified and the total phenols and flavonoids were quantified and compared between these extracts.
Psychosocial interventions for non‐professional carers of people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic scoping review
Authors: Hempel Susanne , Norman Gill , Golder Su , Aguiar‐Ibáñez Raquel , Eastwood Alison 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTitle.  Psychosocial interventions for non‐professional carers of people with Parkinson’s disease: a systematic scoping review. Aim.  This paper is a report of a scoping review to systematically identify and collate the evidence on psychosocial interventions for non‐professional carers of people with Parkinson’s disease.Background.  Carers are critical to people with Parkinson’s disease maintaining independent living and quality of life. Parkinson’s disease imposes a challenging constellation of symptoms and no summary of effective interventions for carers and their unique support needs exists.Data sources.  Thirty electronic databases were searched from their inception to July 2006, and bibliographies and specific internet sites were scanned.Methods.  Eligible studies were categorized according to design, type of economic evaluation where applicable, number of participants, country of evaluation, intervention, orientation, provider, setting, method of delivery, carer population, patient population, carer outcomes, patient outcomes and authors’ conclusions. Data were extracted by one reviewer and checked by another reviewer; discrepancies were resolved through discussion or arbitration by a third reviewer.Findings.  Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria. Most investigated relatively unique interventions involving multiple elements; the majority were not aimed primarily at carers but were embedded in patient treatment programmes. Many were pilot studies, employing weak research designs and involving very small numbers of participants and most were not designed to assess the clinical or cost effectiveness of the intervention for the carers.Conclusion.  Several interventions merit further investigation but there is currently little evidence to show which approaches are effective and cost effective in supporting carers. Future studies need to employ appropriate and rigorous research designs with adequate samples and outcome measures, and with more focus on the carer.
Do migratory pathways affect the regional abundance of wintering birds? A test in northern Spain
Authors: Tellería José Luis , Ramírez Álvaro , Galarza Aitor , Carbonell Roberto , Pérez‐Tris Javier , Santos Tomás 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim  The abundance distribution of organisms at regional scales is commonly interpreted as the result of spatial variation in habitat suitability. However, the possibility that geography itself may affect patterns of distribution has received less attention. For example, the abundance of wintering bird populations might be influenced by the cost of reaching areas located far away from the main migratory pathways. We studied the abundance distribution of three common migratory passerines (meadow pipits, Anthus pratensis; common chaffinches, Fringilla coelebs; and European robins, Erithacus rubecula) wintering in farmlands located in the 600‐km long Cantabrian coastal sector of northern Spain, roughly perpendicular to the west Pyrenean migratory pathway that drives European migrant birds into the Iberian Peninsula.Location  The study area occupies a belt located between the Atlantic coast and the Cantabrian Mountains in northern Spain.Methods  We counted wintering and breeding birds and measured the structure of vegetation and environmental variables (altitude, rainfall, temperature) in 68 farmlands distributed at different distances from the west Pyrenean migratory flyway. We also studied the distribution of birds ringed in central and northern Europe and recovered in the study area between October and February. Analyses were based on single univariate statistics (chi‐square tests), ordination by principal components analysis and multiple regression.Results  Controlling for the effects of climate, vegetation structure and local abundance of breeding conspecifics, the winter abundance of all three species decreased with the distance from their main migratory route in the western Pyrenees. Such patterns fitted well to the observed distribution of ringing recoveries.Main conclusions  Our results support a link between the movements of birds along the Pyrenean migratory pathway and their winter abundance in northern Spain. According to this view, the sectors located near the migratory pathway seem to be more easily occupied by migrants, supporting the idea that proximity to passage areas may explain the fine‐grain regional patterning of species abundance in wintering grounds.
Local extent of old‐growth woodland modifies epiphyte response to climate change
Authors: Ellis Christopher J. , Yahr Rebecca , Coppins Brian J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim  To quantify the interaction between climate and woodland continuity in determining the bioclimatic response of lichen epiphytes.Location  Northern Britain (Scotland).Methods  Indicator‐species analysis was used to pre‐select lichen epiphytes along parallel gradients in climate and the extent of old‐growth woodland. Nonparametric multiplicative regression was used to describe in a predictive model the individualistic response of selected species, which were projected based on climate‐change scenarios and contrasting patterns of simulated woodland loss or gain. Species with a similar response were grouped using a novel application of cluster analysis to summarize the potentially huge number of projected outcomes. Projected patterns of occurrence under climate‐change scenarios were examined for different levels of old‐growth woodland extent.Results  Forty‐two lichen species were statistically significant indicator species in oceanic woodlands, and old‐growth indicators under suboptimal climatic conditions. Responses to climate‐change scenarios were contrasting, with one group comprising species projected to increase in extent in response to climate warming, and other response groups projected to decrease in occurrence, possibly in response to shifting rainfall patterns. The occurrence of all response groups had a positive relationship with old‐growth woodland extent.Main conclusions  An ‘oceanic’ biogeographical group of epiphytes identified using the baseline climatic and present‐day woodland setting comprised species with a cyanobacterial photobiont or tropical phytogeographical affinities. However, within this group the individual species responses to climate‐change scenarios were contrasting. Additionally, group responses may be poorly matched with simple ecological traits. However, the studied interaction between climate and habitat continuity suggests that the impact of climate change might be offset for certain lichen epiphytes by appropriate management of woodland resources, for example, expansion of native woodland around remnant old‐growth stands.
New approaches to understanding late Quaternary climate fluctuations and refugial dynamics in Australian wet tropical rain forests
Authors: VanDerWal Jeremy , Shoo Luke P. , Williams Stephen E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim  We created spatially explicit models of palaeovegetation stability for the rain forests of the Australia Wet Tropics. We accounted for the climatic fluctuations of the late Quaternary, improving upon previous palaeovegetation modelling for the region in terms of data, approach and coverage of predictions.Location  Australian Wet Tropics.Methods  We generated climate‐based distribution models for broad rain forest vegetation types using contemporary and reconstructed ‘pre‐clearing’ vegetation data. Models were projected onto previously published palaeoclimate scenarios dating to c. 18 kyr bp. Vegetation stability was estimated as the average likelihood that a location was suitable for rain forest through all climate scenarios. Uncertainty associated with model projections onto novel environmental conditions was also tracked.Results  Upland rain forest was found to be the most stable of the wet forest vegetation types examined. We provide evidence that the lowland rain forests were largely extirpated from the region during the last glacial maximum, with only small, marginally suitable fragments persisting in two areas. Models generated using contemporary vegetation data underestimated the area of environmental space suitable for rain forest in historical time periods. Model uncertainty resulting from projection onto novel environmental conditions was low, but generally increased with the number of years before present being modelled.Main conclusions  Climate fluctuations of the late Quaternary probably resulted in dramatic change in the extent of rain forest in the region. Pockets of high‐stability upland rain forest were identified, but extreme bottlenecks of area were predicted for lowland rain forest. These factors are expected to have had a dramatic impact on the historical dynamics of population connectivity and patterns of extinction and recolonization of dependent fauna. Finally, we found that models trained on contemporary vegetation data can be problematic for reconstructing vegetation patterns under novel environmental conditions. Climatic tolerances and the historical extent of vegetation may be underestimated when artificial vegetation boundaries imposed by land clearing are not taken into account.
Colonization patterns and genetic structure of peripheral populations of the trumpeter finch (Bucanetes githagineus) from Northwest Africa, the Canary Islands and the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Barrientos R. , Kvist L. , Barbosa A. , Valera F. , López‐Iborra G. M. , Moreno E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAim  This paper has three aims: (1) to reconstruct the colonization history of two peripheral populations of the trumpeter finch (Bucanetes githagineus) presumably originating from the same source, one the result of an ancient expansion process and the other recently established and still expanding; (2) to estimate the importance of key events, such as past and current gene flow and bottlenecks, in both expansion processes and their contribution to the present population structure and genetic diversity; and (3) to find out whether two peripheral populations that established at widely differing times also differ in terms of genetic diversity.Location  Northwest Africa (assumed source population), Canary Islands (long‐established peripheral) and south‐eastern Iberian Peninsula (recently established peripheral).Methods  Bayesian analysis of population structure, individual assignment tests, F‐statistics, maximum likelihood migration estimates, genetic diversity indices and bottleneck tests were calculated with microsatellite data from 194 trumpeter finches from five breeding and two seasonal non‐breeding sites.Results  Our data support the existence of two subpopulations (Canary Island and Ibero‐African) as the most likely population structure. Seasonal sites in the Iberian Peninsula had the highest percentage of birds assigned to other, mainly Iberian, sites. Pairwise FST values showed that the Canary Island localities were very similar to each other, but differed from the rest. Gene flow estimates within subpopulations were only slightly higher in the Canary Island population than in the Ibero‐African one. Gene diversity indices were similar at all localities. Canary Island sites show evidence of bottlenecks, whereas the Ibero‐African sites do not.Main conclusions  Our data show that, at present, birds from the Canary Islands are genetically differentiated from those in North Africa and continental Spain. We could not unequivocally confirm the African origin of Canary populations because the contrary is also plausible. The Iberian Peninsula seems to have repeatedly received individuals from North Africa, which would have led to the relatively high genetic diversity found in these recently established localities and prevented bottlenecks. Movements of individuals towards sites outside their current range during the non‐breeding season are likely to precede the establishment of new breeding sites at the periphery of the distribution range.