bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Deep‐Fat Frying on Phytosterol Content in Oils with Differing Fatty Acid Composition
Authors: Winkler Jill K. , Warner K. , Glynn Martin T. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the fate of phytosterols in vegetable oils with varying fatty acid composition used for frying. High oleic sunflower (HOSun), corn (Corn), hydrogenated soybean (HSBO), expeller pressed soybean (ESBO), and expeller pressed low‐linolenic acid soybean oil (ELLSBO) were used for frying potato chips in a pilot plant‐scale continuous fryer. The same oils, and regular soybean oil (SBO) were also used in intermittent batch frying of tortilla chips. Phytosterols were measured in oils collected at various times during frying by GC to determine their loss. The formation of polymerized triacylglycerides (PTAGs) and total polar compounds (TPC) were analyzed to determine the extent of oil degradation. In the continuous frying system, phytosterol loss ranged between 4 and 6% in ESBO, ELLSBO, HOSun, and Corn, with no loss in HSBO. PTAGs and TPC were highest in ESBO and ELLSBO, followed by Corn, HOSun, and HSBO. In the batch frying experiment, phytosterol loss ranged from 1 to 15%, and was highest in Corn followed by SBO and HSBO. There was no significant loss of phytosterols in ESBO, ELLSBO, and HOSun. Formation of PTAGs and TPC during batch frying was highest in SBO and ESBO, followed by Corn, ELLSBO, HOSun, and HSBO. In conclusion, phytosterol loss in both the continuous fryer and in the batch frying system appeared to be unrelated either to fatty acid composition, or to the extent of oil degradation.
Hardy inequalities with non-standard remainder terms
Authors: Cianchi Andrea , Ferone Adele 
Published: October 2007

Improved Hardy inequalities, involving remainder terms, are established both in the classical and in the limiting case. The relevant remainders depend on a suitable distance from the families of the “virtual” extremals.

Résumé
Nous établissons des inégalités de Hardy améliorées avec reste, à la fois dans le cas classique et dans le cas limite. Ce reste dépend d'une distance à la famille des extremas « virtuels ».
F2 screen for resistance to a Bacillus thuringiensis-maize hybrid in the sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Authors: Huang F.N. , Leonard B.R. , Andow D.A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA novel F2 screening technique was developed for detecting resistance in sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), to transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt)-maize expressing the Cry1Ab insecticidal protein. The F2 screening method involved (i) collecting larvae from maize fields; (ii) establishing two-parent families; (iii) screening F2 neonates for survival on Bt-maize leaf tissues; and (iv) confirming resistance on commercial Bt-maize plants. With the F2 screening method, 213 iso-line families of D. saccharalis were established from field collections in northeast Louisiana, USA and were screened for Bt resistance. One family was confirmed to carry a major Bt resistance allele(s). In a laboratory bioassay, larval mortality of the Bt-resistant D. saccharalis on Bt-maize leaf tissues was significantly lower than that of a Bt-susceptible strain. This Bt-resistant D. saccharalis population is the first corn stalk borer species that has completed larval development on commercial Bt-maize. The F2 screening protocol developed in this study could be modified for detecting Bt resistance alleles in other similar corn stalk borers, such as the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), and the southwestern corn borer, D. grandiosella Dyar.
Two methods of assessing the mortality factors affecting the larvae and pupae of Cameraria ohridella in the leaves of Aesculus hippocastanum in Switzerland and Bulgaria
Authors: Girardoz S. , Tomov R. , Eschen R. , Quicke D.L.J. , Kenis M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe horse-chestnut leaf miner, Cameraria ohridella, is an invasive alien species defoliating horse-chestnut, a popular ornamental tree in Europe. This paper presents quantitative data on mortality factors affecting larvae and pupae of the leaf miner in Switzerland and Bulgaria, both in urban and forest environments. Two sampling methods were used and compared: a cohort method, consisting of the surveying of pre-selected mines throughout their development, and a grab sampling method, consisting of single sets of leaves collected and dissected at regular intervals. The total mortality per generation varied between 14 and 99%. Mortality was caused by a variety of factors, including parasitism, host feeding, predation by birds and arthropods, plant defence reaction, leaf senescence, intra-specific competition and inter-specific competition with a fungal disease. Significant interactions were found between mortality factors and sampling methods, countries, environments and generation. No mortality factor was dominant throughout the sites, generations and methods tested. Plant defence reactions constituted the main mortality factor for the first two larval stages, whereas predation by birds and arthropods and parasitism were more important in older larvae and pupae. Mortality caused by leaf senescence was often the dominant mortality factor in the last annual generation. The cohort method detected higher mortality rates than the grab sampling method. In particular, mortality by plant defence reaction and leaf senescence were better assessed using the cohort method, which is, therefore, recommended for life table studies on leaf miners.
Exploring plant responses to aphid feeding using a fullArabidopsismicroarray reveals a small number of genes with significantly altered expression
Authors: Couldridge C. , Newbury H.J. , Ford-Lloyd B. , Bale J. , Pritchard J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to determine whichArabidopsis thaliana(L.) genes had significantly altered expression following 2–36 h of infestation by the aphidMyzus persicae(Sulzer). Six biological replicates were performed for both control and treatment at each time point, allowing rigorous statistical analysis of any changes. Only two genes showed altered expression after 2 h (one up- and one down-regulated) while two were down-regulated and twenty three were up-regulated at 36 h. The transcript annotation allowed classification of the significantly altered genes into a number of classes, including those involved in cell wall modification, carbon metabolism and signalling. Additionally, a number of genes were implicated in oxidative stress and defence against other pathogens. Five genes could not currently be assigned any function. The changes in gene expression are discussed in relation to current models of plant-insect interactions.
Copulation behaviour ofGlossina pallidipes(Diptera: Muscidae) outside and inside the female, with a discussion of genitalic evolution
Authors: Briceño R.D. , Eberhard W.G. , Robinson A.S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIf species-specific male genitalia are courtship devices under sexual selection by cryptic female choice, then species-specific aspects of the morphology and behaviour of male genitalia should often function to stimulate the female during copulation. The morphology and behaviour of the complex, species-specific male genitalia of the tsetse fly,Glossina pallidipesAusten, were determined from both direct observations and dissections of flash-frozen copulating pairs; we found that some male genitalic traits probably function to stimulate the female, while others function to restrain her. The male clamps the ventral surface of the female's abdomen tightly with his powerful cerci. Clamping does not always result in intromission. Clamping bends the female's body wall and her internal reproductive tract sharply, posteriorly and dorsally, and pinches them tightly. The male performed sustained, complex, stereotyped, rhythmic squeezing movements with his cerci that were not necessary to mechanically restrain the female and appeared instead to have a stimulatory function. Six different groups of modified setae on and near the male's genitalia rub directly against particular sites on the female during squeezing. The designs of these setae correlate with the force with which they press on the female and the probable sensitivity of the female surfaces that they contact. As expected under the hypothesis that these structures are under sexual selection by female choice, several traits suspected to have stimulatory functions have diverged inG. pallidipesand its close relative,G. longipalpis. Additional male non-genitalic behaviour during copulation, redescribed more precisely than in previous publications, is also likely to have a courtship function. The elaborate copulatory courtship behaviour and male genitalia may provide the stimuli that previous studies showed to induce female ovulation and resistance to remating.
Development of silverleaf assay, protein and nucleic acid-based diagnostic techniques for the quick and reliable detection and monitoring of biotype B of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)
Authors: Shankarappa K.S. , Rangaswamy K.T. , Aswatha Narayana D.S. , Rekha A.R. , Raghavendra N. , Lakshminarayana Reddy C.N. , Chancellor T.C.B. , Maruthi M.N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to develop and optimize silverleaf bioassay, esterase analysis and PCR-based techniques to distinguish quickly and reliably biotype B of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), from Indian indigenous biotypes. Zucchini and squash readily develop silverleaf symptoms upon feeding by the B biotype, but they are not readily available in Indian markets. A local pumpkin variety ‘Big’ was, therefore, used in silverleaf assay, which developed symptoms similar to those on zucchini and squash and can be used reliably to detect B biotype. Analysis of non-specific esterases of B and the indigenous biotypes indicated both quantitative and qualitative differences in esterase patterns. Two high molecular weight bands were unique to B biotype and they occurred in abundance. These esterases were used to develop quick and field-based novel detection methods for differentiating B from the indigenous biotypes. Development of these simple and cost-effective protocols has wider application as they can be potentially used to identify other agricultural pests. Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences and randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) polymorphisms, generated using the primer OpB11, were also found useful for detecting B. tabaci biotypes. A B biotype-specific RAPD band of 800 bp was sequenced, which was used to a develop sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR) marker. The SCAR marker involved the development of B biotype-specific primers that amplified 550 bp PCR products only from B biotype genomic DNA. Silverleaf assay, esterases, RAPDs or a SCAR marker were used in combination to analyse whitefly samples collected from selected locations in India, and it was found that any of these techniques can be used singly or in combination to detect B biotype reliably. The B biotype was found in southern parts of India but not in the north in 2004–06.
Semigroups of local homeomorphisms and interaction groups
Authors: EXEL R. , RENAULT J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGiven a semigroup of surjective local homeomorphisms on a compact space X we consider the corresponding semigroup of *-endomorphisms on C(X) and discuss the possibility of extending it to an interaction group, a concept recently introduced by the first named author. We also define a transformation groupoid whose C*-algebra turns out to be isomorphic to the crossed product algebra for the interaction group. Several examples are considered, including one which gives rise to a slightly different construction and should be interpreted as being the C*-algebra of a certain polymorphism.
Adapted metrics for dominated splittings
Authors: GOURMELON NIKOLAZ 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA Riemannian metric is adapted to a hyperbolic set of a diffeomorphism if, in this metric, the expansion/contraction of the unstable/stable directions is seen after only one iteration. A dominated splitting is a notion of weak hyperbolicity where the tangent bundle of the manifold splits in invariant subbundles such that the vector expansion on one bundle is uniformly smaller than that on the next bundle. The existence of an adapted metric for a dominated splitting has been considered by Hirsch, Pugh and Shub (M. Hisch, C. Pugh and M. Shub. Invariant Manifolds(Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 583). Springer, Berlin, 1977). This paper gives a complete answer to this problem, building adapted metrics for dominated splittings and partially hyperbolic splittings in arbitrarily many subbundles of arbitrary dimensions. These results stand for diffeomorphisms and for flows.
The structure of tame minimal dynamical systems
Authors: GLASNER ELI 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA dynamical version of the Bourgain–Fremlin–Talagrand dichotomy shows that the enveloping semigroup of a dynamical system is either very large and contains a topological copy of $\beta \mathbb {N}$, or it is a ‘tame’ topological space whose topology is determined by the convergence of sequences. In the latter case, the dynamical system is said to be tame. We use the structure theory of minimal dynamical systems to show that, when the acting group is Abelian, a tame metric minimal dynamical system (i) is almost automorphic (i.e. it is an almost one-to-one extension of an equicontinuous system), and (ii) admits a unique invariant probability measure such that the corresponding measure-preserving system is measure-theoretically isomorphic to the Haar measure system on the maximal equicontinuous factor.
Roots of Resistance to Urban Water Privatization in Bolivia: The “New Working Class,” the Crisis of Neoliberalism, and Public Services
Authors: Spronk Susan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper analyzes the roots of resistance to the privatization of public services in the context of the changes to class formation in Bolivia. Based upon two case studies of urban water privatization, it seeks to explain why the social coalitions that have emerged to protest the privatization of public water services in Bolivia have been led by territorially-based organizations composed of rural-urban and multiclass alliances rather than public-sector unions. It argues that protest against the privatization of water utilities in Bolivia must be understood within the context of neoliberal economic restructuring and the emergence of what has been termed the “new working class,” which is now primarily urban and engaged in informal forms of work.
Privatization and the Historical Trajectory of “Social Movement Unionism”: A Case Study of Municipal Workers in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Barchiesi Franco 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe article discusses the opposition by the South African Municipal Workers' Union (SAMWU) to the privatization of Johannesburg's municipal services under Apartheid and in the new democratic dispensation. The unionization of South African black municipal workers has been shaped by a tradition of “social-movement unionism,” which greatly contributed to the decline and fall of the racist regime. The post-1994 democratic government has adopted policies of privatization of local services and utilities, which SAMWU opposed in Johannesburg by resurrecting a social movement unionism discourse. Conditions of political democracy have, however, proven detrimental to such a strategy, whose continued validity is here questioned.
The Two Faces of Petr Arkad'evich: Land and Dispossession in Russia's Southwest, ca. 2000
Authors: Allina-Pisano Jessica 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAt the beginning and the end of the twentieth century, the Russian imperial and post-Soviet governments pursued large-scale projects to transform land tenure in the countryside. Based on the belief that people would work harder and more productively on land they themselves owned, both reform programs divided collectively-managed land into individual parcels. Post-Soviet land privatization, consciously modeled on the Stolypin-era reforms conducted in early twentieth-century Russia, resulted in the dispossession of much of the rural population. This article examines privatization in a district of Voronezhoblast’ in Russia's southwest, considering contemporary processes through an historical lens. It shows how successful local efforts to adapt to markets and preserve large-scale agriculture nonetheless resulted in rural dispossession.
The Hospital Employees' Union Strike and the Privatization of Medicare in British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Isitt Benjamin , Moroz Melissa 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn April 2004, the Hospital Employees' Union (HEU) waged an illegal strike that mobilized sections of British Columbia's working class to the brink of a general sympathetic strike. Influenced by BC's class-polarized political culture and HEU's distinct history, the 2004 strike represents a key moment of working-class resistance to neoliberal privatization. HEU was targeted by the BC Liberal government because it represented a bastion of militant, independent unionism in a jurisdiction that appeared overripe (from the neoliberal standpoint) for a curtailment of worker rights and a retrenchment of public-sector employment. HEU also represented a direct barrier, in the language of its collective agreements and collective power of its membership, to the privatization of health services and dismantling of Medicare. The militant agency of HEU members, combined with anger generated by a constellation of social-service cutbacks, inspired rank-and-file workers and several unions to defy collective agreements and embrace sympathetic strike action. This revealed differentiation in the strategy and tactics of BC's labor leadership, and enduring sources of solidarity in labor's ranks.
The Politics of Ports: Privatization and the World's Ports
Authors: Davis Colin 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe recent controversy over a foreign-owned company running a US port brought attention to the creeping privatization of work in ports worldwide. Since the 1980s, there has been a head-long rush to privatize ports. The pace can be best described as rapid and chaotic. For some economists privatization is seen as a method to increase efficiency. But the process has substantial critics. For many privatization is perceived as problematic. There is evidence that the process does not indeed lead to savings and greater efficiency. Instead, the process has been haphazard and far from uniform in its application. Even where there is an entrenched presence, savings from privatization have yet to be realized. Others have made the point that the process cannot be transferred to ports in the developing world. That is, the multiplicity of ports and transportation problems in the interior make privatization more like wishful thinking than a policy that can work.
Retinal Development, edited by E. Sernagor, S. Eglen, W. Harris, and R. Wong
Authors: Sterling Peter 
Published: October 2007

Retinal Development, edited by E. Sernagor, S. Eglen, W. Harris, and R. Wong. 2006. New York: Cambridge University Press.Fairly regularly some member of my lab, finding a new feature of retinal circuitry, wonders aloud if it might “somehow relate to development.” I always reply, “We don't study development.” This partly reflects my curmudgeonly insistence that we stay focused on explaining function in the adult. But even if the discovery did relate to development, the connection would be too difficult to find—because the large territory has lacked any useful guide. Next time, however, I will hand over my copy of Retinal Development and reply more kindly, “Check it out.”
siRNA knockdown of SPHK1 in vivo protects mice from systemic, type-I Allergy.
Authors: Manikandan Jayapal , Pushparaj Peter Natesan , Melendez Alirio Jose 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSystemic anaphylaxis is considered to be a typical immediate hypersensitivity response, determined by the activation of immune cells,via antigen-induced aggregation of IgE-sensitized FcεRI cells. Perhaps most the important cells, in the immediate hypersensitivity responses, are mast cells. We have previously shown that SPHK1 plays a key role in the intracellular signaling pathways triggered by FceRI aggregation on humanmast cells. More recently, we performed a genome-wide gene expression profiling of human mast cells, sensitized with IgE alone, or stimulated by FcεRI aggregation. We found that sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) was oneof genes activated at the earlier stages of mast cell activation, including during sensitization. Moreover, SPHK1 has been shown, by us and others, to be a key player in the intracellular signaling pathways triggered byseveral immune-receptors, including fMLP, C5a, and Fcg- and Fcereceptors. Here we have investigated the in vivo role of SPHK1 in allergy, using a specific siRNA to knockdown SPHK1 in vivo. Our results support a role forSPHK1 in the inflammatory responses that share clinical, immunological, and histological features of type I hypersensitivity. Thus, mice pretreated with the siRNA for SPHK1 were protected from the IgE mediated allergicreactions including: temperature changes, histamine release, cytokine production, cell-adhesion molecule expression, and immune cell infiltration into the lungs.
Transparent Exopolymer Particles (TEP): an overlooked factor in the process of biofilm formation in aquatic environments
Authors: Berman Tom , Passow Uta 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe hypothesize that transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), present in high concentrations in most sea and freshwaters, are critical agents for biofilm initiation and development in many natural and anthropogenic aquatic environments. These gel-like particles appear in many forms; amorphous blobs, clouds, sheets, filaments or clumps ranging in size from ~2 to ~200 µm. TEP are mostly polysaccharide, negatively charged, very sticky and are frequently colonized by bacteria. TEP may be considered a "planktonic" subgroup of exopolymeric substances (EPS), widely studied in biofilm research. Recognition of TEP involvement in biofilm formation has important implications for a comprehensive understanding of the complexities of this process in aquatic environments and may also contribute to the considerable efforts being made in the global water industry to mitigate the harmful effects of biofouling in water treatment and desalination plants.
Through Birds' Eyes: What does vision tell us about foraging in cormorants?
Authors: Martin Graham 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGreat Cormorants Phalacrocorax carbo are regarded as visually-guided, pursuit-dive foragers, so it would be expected that they have excellent vision much like aerial predators, such as hawks which detect and pursue prey from a distance. However, my research shows that underwater the visual acuity of Cormorants is surprisingly poor (in fact, similar or worse than unaided humans under water) and very inferior to that of aerial predatory birds. I suggest that Cormorants are able to detect typical prey items only at close range and conclude that cormorants are not the aquatic equivalent of hawks. It seems that their efficient hunting involves the use of specialised foraging techniques which employ rapid neck extension to capture prey that cormorants flush from hiding places; much like the foraging techniques of herons. Cormorants seem to be hunting an “escaping blur”. Like herons, the eye movements and visual fields of cormorants allow visual scanning for escaping prey in a wide arc about the head. The ability of cormorants to see prey held in the mouth may help to aid its identification when it is brought to the surface before swallowing.