bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interactions of Taxol‐producing endophytic fungus with its host (Taxus spp.) during Taxol accumulation
Authors: Li Yong‐Cheng , Tao Wen‐Yi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEndophytic fungi (Fusarium mairei) culture broth (EFCB) was added to cell suspension cultures of Taxus cuspidata. After 5 days, cultures of T. cuspidata given 4 ml of EFCB produced a maximal yield of 6.11 mg/l paclitaxel, with a release ratio of 75%, 2‐ and 6.8‐fold, respectively, greater than the controls. The active element in EFCB is an exopolysaccharide of ∼79 kD. Endophytic fungi produced 0.19 mg/l of paclitaxel in its producing medium. However, when the supernatant of Taxus cell suspension cultures from day 20 was added to the paclitaxel‐producing medium, the biomass of fungi decreased by 24% and the yield of paclitaxel by 45%. In a co‐culture system of plant and fungus, the yield of paclitaxel (12.8 mg/l) was >2‐fold higher than that in the EFCB‐treatment system.
Domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting
Authors: Yildizhan Recep , Adali Ertan , Kolusari Ali , Kurdoglu Mertihan , Yildizhan Begum , Sahin Guler 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of domestic violence against infertile women in a Turkish setting.MethodsA total of 122 women with primary infertility attending an obstetrics and gynecology outpatient clinic were interviewed using the Abuse Assessment Screen questionnaire to investigate their experiences of domestic violence.ResultsIn total, 41 (33.6%) women had experienced domestic violence because of their infertility. Of these women, 32 (78%) had experienced domestic violence for the first time in the relationship with the current partner following diagnosis of female factor infertility. The percentage of nonabused and abused infertile women who were mostly satisfied with their sexual lives was 56.87% and 29.2%, respectively (P < 0.05).ConclusionRoutine screening for domestic violence in infertility clinics is necessary to give affected women an opportunity to access appropriate health care and support services.
Postpartum depression and traditional postpartum care in China: Role of Zuoyuezi
Authors: Wan Ellen Y. , Moyer Cheryl A. , Harlow Siobán D. , Fan Zitian , Jie Yan , Yang Huixia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the relationship between the traditional Chinese practice of postpartum care, known as zuoyuezi, and postpartum depression (PPD) in China.MethodsA total of 342 Chinese women were surveyed 6‐ to 8‐weeks post partum using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and items assessing sociodemographics, health history, peripartum experiences, zuoyuezi, and social support.ResultsPrevalence of PPD was 15.5% (EPDS cutoff ≥ 13). PPD was associated with lower income, difficult pregnancy experience, poor infant health status, not attending childbirth classes, and low spousal involvement before and after delivery. Among the 96% of women who practiced zuoyuezi, those for whom the caregiver was her mother‐in‐law or who perceived zuoyuezi as unhelpful had twice the odds of PPD.ConclusionThese data highlight the importance of the peripartum experience in assessing PPD risk. Zuoyuezi is still commonly practiced in urban China, and further research is needed to explore its role in the potential prevention of PPD.
Common symptoms during pregnancy to predict depression and health status 14 years post partum
Authors: Khatun Mohsina , Clavarino Alexandra M. , Callaway Leonie , Alati Rosa , Najman Jake M. , Williams Gail , Mamun Abdullah Al 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the prospective association between symptoms commonly experienced during pregnancy and the mental and general health status of women 14 years post partum.MethodsData used were from the Mater‐University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy, a community‐based prospective birth cohort study begun in Brisbane, Australia, in 1981. Logistic regression analyses were conducted.ResultsData were available for 5118 women. Women who experienced a higher burden of symptoms during pregnancy were at greater risk of becoming depressed and reporting poorer health status 14 years post partum. Women who experienced major problems during pregnancy were 4 times more likely to be depressed and nearly 8 times more likely to report poorer health status 14 years after the index pregnancy compared with women who experienced few problems.ConclusionsFindings suggest that pregnant women who experience common symptoms during pregnancy are likely to experience poorer mental and self‐reported general health 14 years after the pregnancy.
Recent Extreme Avalanches: Triggered by Climate Change?
Authors: Huggel Christian , Caplan‐Auerbach Jacqueline , Wessels Rick 
Published: December 2008

On 25 September 2008, seismo meters operated by the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) registered strong ground shaking. On the basis of previous experience with such large seismic signals, AVO personnel were able to rapidly identify the seismic event as an avalanche. Two days later, an AVO overflight of Iliamna volcano, near Alaska's Cook Inlet, confirmed that a massive chunk of glacial ice and rock had broken free from its position on the upper flanks of the volcano, generating a massive avalanche that could have buried an entire town had it occurred in a more populated area.Rapidly moving rock, ice, or debris avalanches, such as the one that occurred on Iliamna, can be highly destructive and deadly. Similar events have caused the deaths of hundreds to thousands of people [Keefer and Larsen, 2007]. In general, avalanches that move more than 1 million cubic meters of material are rare. However, a remarkable series of large avalanches recently occurred in Alaska and the Caucasus, providing a new opportunity to better understand this type of hazard. All events initiated in steep mountain slopes, involved rock and significant amounts of ice, and traveled for 10–35 kilometers.
Recent Use of Behavioral Genetics in Criminal Cases
Authors: Farahany Nita 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHuman behavioral genetics research has been introduced in the U.S. criminal justice system, and its use will likely become more prevalent in the near future. This presentation will discusses the recent attempts by criminal defendants to introduce genetic predisposition testimony to negate the voluntariness of their conduct, to negate mens rea, to bolster an insanity defense or as mitigating evidence during sentencing. Although courts have thus far limited such testimony, the opinions in these cases demonstrate a likelihood that such evidence will play a larger role in future cases.To watch Professor Farahany's presentation, please see the "Google Video posting": http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=585209098810298267&hl=en.
Challenging or Reinforcing Social Prejudice?
Authors: Longino Helen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBehavior genetics holds out the hope of unbiased study of the biological bases of human behavior. Without more rigorous reflection on behavioral concepts, however, behavior genetics will succeed only in reinforcing social biases. This point is illustrated with reference to studies on aggression, sexual orientation, and gender differences.To watch Professor Longino's presentation, please see the "Google Video posting":http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3926548921438712173&hl=en.
Mitochondrial calcium overload triggers complement-dependent superoxide-mediated programmed cell death inTrypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Irigoín Florencia , Inada Natalia M. , Fernandes Mariana P. , Piacenza Lucía , Gadelha Fernanda R. , Vercesi Anibal E. , Radi Rafael 
Published: December 2008

The epimastigote stage of Trypanosoma cruzi undergoes PCD (programmed cell death) when exposed to FHS (fresh human serum). Although it has been known for over 30 years that complement is responsible for FHS-induced death, the link between complement activation and triggering of PCD has not been established. We have previously shown that the mitochondrion participates in the orchestration of PCD in this model. Several changes in mitochondrial function were described, and in particular it was shown that mitochondrion-derived O2•− (superoxide radical) is necessary for PCD. In the present study, we establish mitochondrial Ca2+ overload as the link between complement deposition and the observed changes in mitochondrial physiology and the triggering of PCD. We show that complement activation ends with the assembly of the MAC (membrane attack complex), which allows influx of Ca2+ and release of respiratory substrates to the medium. Direct consequences of these events are accumulation of Ca2+ in the mitochondrion and decrease in cell respiration. Mitochondrial Ca2+ causes partial dissipation of the inner membrane potential and consequent mitochondrial uncoupling. Moreover, we provide evidence that mitochondrial Ca2+ overload is responsible for the increased O2•− production, and that if cytosolic Ca2+ rise is not accompanied by the accumulation of the cation in the mitochondrion and consequent production of O2•−, epimastigotes die by necrosis instead of PCD. Thus our results suggest a model in which MAC assembly on the parasite surface allows Ca2+ entry and its accumulation in the mitochondrion, leading to O2•− production, which in turn constitutes a PCD signal.
Brain Tumors Frequently Encountered by Speech-Language Pathologists: A Review and Tutorial
Authors: Mayer Jamie F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Purpose
: As diagnostic and treatment techniques for brain tumors improve, the prevalence of patients diagnosed and living with the neurologic consequences of brain tumors is increasing. The purpose of this paper is to outline pertinent information regarding brain tumors to facilitate rehabilitation efforts by speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Method
: The current empirical literature was critically reviewed to provide a synopsis of brain tumor occurrence rates, tumor classification methods, pediatric and geriatric issues, and basic medical and rehabilitative treatment information. Due to the large literature base pertaining to many very rare brain tumors, only those tumors likely to be encountered most frequently by SLPs are highlighted.

Results and Conclusions
: Speech, language, cognitive, and swallowing problems are common brain tumor sequelae. Patients diagnosed with brain tumors can and do benefit from rehabilitative services addressing these deficits. SLPs should have a working knowledge of brain tumors to facilitate and maximize rehabilitation-related diagnostic and treatment decisions for this patient population.
Use of Occupational Ethnography and Social Marketing Strategies to Develop a Safety Awareness Campaign for Coal Miners
Authors: Cullen Elaine T. , Matthews Lori N. H. , Teske Theodore D. 
Published: December 2008

Underground mining, like many high-risk industries, is facing a crisis in the near future. This industry has traditionally relied on a master–apprentice relationship to train new workers, but experienced miners are retiring in large numbers, leaving few“masters” to properly train their replacements. With a recent resurgence in mining, many new miners are entering the workforce each day. The rise in the number of inexperienced workers has implications for worker safety in an industry in which one mistake can blow up the entire workplace. The explosion in the Darby Mine in May 2006 that killed five miners illustrates what can happen in hazardous environments such as underground mines. The Health Communications Team at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Spokane Research Laboratory was asked to address this problem by developing new training and safety awareness materials to promote safe flame cutting and welding practices. This article describes how occupational ethnographic techniques provided insights needed for“new product development.” The result of this work was a national initiative to raise awareness and to protect underground coal miners from the dangers of flame cutting and welding in an environment filled with solid fuel and methane (natural gas). Although this project was initially designed for the mining industry, the approach and lessons learned are applicable to any high-risk industry and should be of interest to other social marketing or occupational safety and health professionals.
Computationally feasible estimation of haplotype frequencies from pooled DNA with and without Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium
Authors: Kuk Anthony Y. C. , Zhang Han , Yang Yaning 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMotivation: Pooling large number of DNA samples is a common practice in association study, especially for initial screening. However, the use of expectation-maximization (EM)-type algorithms in estimating haplotype distributions for even moderate pool sizes is hampered by the computational complexity involved. A novel constrained EM algorithm called PoooL has been proposed recently to bypass the difficulty via the use of asymptotic normality of the pooled allele frequencies. The resulting estimates are, however, not maximum likelihood estimates and hence not optimal. Furthermore, the assumption of Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) made may not be realistic in practice.Methods: Rather than carrying out constrained maximization as in PoooL, we revert to the usual EM algorithm but make it computationally feasible by using normal approximations. The resulting algorithm is much simpler to implement than PoooL because there is no need to invoke sophisticated iterative scaling methods as in PoooL. We also develop an estimating equation analogue of the EM algorithm for the case of Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium (HWD) by conditioning on the haplotypes of both chromosomes of the same individual. Incorporated into the method is a way of estimating the inbreeding coefficient by relating it to overdispersion.Results: Simulation study assuming HWE shows that our simplified implementation of the EM algorithm leads to estimates with substantially smaller SDs than PoooL estimates. Further simulations show that ignoring HWD will induce biases in the estimates. Our extended method with estimation of inbreeding coefficient incorporated is able to reduce the bias leading to estimates with substantially smaller mean square errors. We also present results to suggest that our method can cope with a certain degree of locus-specific inbreeding as well as additional overdispersion not caused by inbreeding.Availability: http://staff.ustc.edu.cn/∼ynyang/aem-aesContact: stakuka@nus.edu.sg; ynyang@ustc.edu.cn
Gene expression trends and protein features effectively complement each other in gene function prediction
Authors: Wabnik Krzysztof , Hvidsten Torgeir R. , Kedzierska Anna , Van Leene Jelle , De Jaeger Geert , Beemster Gerrit T. S. , Komorowski Jan , Kuiper Martin T. R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Genome-scale ‘omics’ data constitute a potentially rich source of information about biological systems and their function. There is a plethora of tools and methods available to mine omics data. However, the diversity and complexity of different omics data types is a stumbling block for multi-data integration, hence there is a dire need for additional methods to exploit potential synergy from integrated orthogonal data. Rough Sets provide an efficient means to use complex information in classification approaches. Here, we set out to explore the possibilities of Rough Sets to incorporate diverse information sources in a functional classification of unknown genes.
Results: We explored the use of Rough Sets for a novel data integration strategy where gene expression data, protein features and Gene Ontology (GO) annotations were combined to describe general and biologically relevant patterns represented by If-Then rules. The descriptive rules were used to predict the function of unknown genes in Arabidopsis thaliana and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. The If-Then rule models showed success rates of up to 0.89 (discriminative and predictive power for both modeled organisms); whereas, models built solely of one data type (protein features or gene expression data) yielded success rates varying from 0.68 to 0.78. Our models were applied to generate classifications for many unknown genes, of which a sizeable number were confirmed either by PubMed literature reports or electronically interfered annotations. Finally, we studied cell cycle protein–protein interactions derived from both tandem affinity purification experiments and in silico experiments in the BioGRID interactome database and found strong experimental evidence for the predictions generated by our models. The results show that our approach can be used to build very robust models that create synergy from integrating gene expression data and protein features.
Availability: The Rough Set-based method is implemented in the Rosetta toolkit kernel version 1.0.1 available at: http://rosetta.lcb.uu.se/
Contact: kuiper@nt.ntnu.no; krwab@psb.ugent.be
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story?
Authors: Cadiou Gwenaël , Boudouresque Charles F. , Bonhomme Patrick , Le Diréach Laurence 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Cadiou, G., Boudouresque, C. F., Bonhomme, P., and Le Diréach, L. 2009. The management of artisanal fishing within the Marine Protected Area of the Port-Cros National Park (northwest Mediterranean Sea): a success story? – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 41–49. The Port-Cros National Park, France (northwest Mediterranean Sea), established in 1963, is a Marine Protected Area (MPA) where, unlike no-take areas, artisanal fishing has been permitted (except trawling), owing to social and economic pressures. Nevertheless, restrictions on artisanal fishing have increased through a fishing charter (1999). In the meantime, recreational fishing was progressively banned, which has helped as a management tool to make the restrictions on artisanal fishing acceptable in social terms. Monitoring of the artisanal fishing (2000–2005) reveals the stability of the fishing fleet (9–13 vessels); of the fishing effort [number of fishing sets per day between 3.4 (±2.1) and 6.9 (±3.4) in spring, and 3.0 (±1.7) and 5.2 (±2.7) in summer]; and of yields [catch per unit effort between 1.27 (±0.72) and 1.68 (±1.44) kg 100 m of net−1 d−1]. Furthermore, based on an analysis of available data, artisanal fishing does not jeopardize the conservation objectives of the MPA, so that, from 1963 to date, the issue has changed from “What can be done to ban commercial fishing?” to “Is there any reason to ban commercial fishing?”.
Characterization of theArabidopsisNitrate Transporter NRT1.6 Reveals a Role of Nitrate in Early Embryo Development
Authors: Almagro Anabel , Lin Shan Hua , Tsay Yi Fang 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study of the Arabidopsis thaliana nitrate transporter NRT1.6 indicated that nitrate is important for early embryo development. Functional analysis of cDNA-injected Xenopus laevis oocytes showed that NRT1.6 is a low-affinity nitrate transporter and does not transport dipeptides. RT-PCR, in situ hybridization, and β-glucuronidase reporter gene analysis showed that expression of NRT1.6 is only detectable in reproductive tissue (the vascular tissue of the silique and funiculus) and that expression increases immediately after pollination, suggesting that NRT1.6 is involved in delivering nitrate from maternal tissue to the developing embryo. In nrt1.6 mutants, the amount of nitrate accumulated in mature seeds was reduced and the seed abortion rate increased. In the mutants, abnormalities (i.e., excessive cell division and loss of turgidity), were found mainly in the suspensor cells at the one- or two-cell stages of embryo development. The phenotype of the nrt1.6 mutants revealed a novel role of nitrate in early embryo development. Interestingly, the seed abortion rate of the mutant was reduced when grown under N-deficient conditions, suggesting that nitrate requirements in early embryo development can be modulated in response to external nitrogen changes.
Truncation of a Protein Disulfide Isomerase, PDIL2-1, Delays Embryo Sac Maturation and Disrupts Pollen Tube Guidance inArabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wang Huanzhong , Boavida Leonor C. , Ron Mily , McCormick Sheila 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPollen tubes must navigate through different female tissues to deliver sperm to the embryo sac for fertilization. Protein disulfide isomerases play important roles in the maturation of secreted or plasma membrane proteins. Here, we show that certain T-DNA insertions in Arabidopsis thaliana PDIL2-1, a protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), have reduced seed set, due to delays in embryo sac maturation. Reciprocal crosses indicate that these mutations acted sporophytically, and aniline blue staining and scanning electron microscopy showed that funicular and micropylar pollen tube guidance were disrupted. A PDIL2-1-yellow fluorescent protein fusion was mainly localized in the endoplasmic reticulum and was expressed in all tissues examined. In ovules, expression in integument tissues was much higher in the micropylar region in later developmental stages, but there was no expression in embryo sacs. We show that reduced seed set occurred when another copy of full-length PDIL2-1 or when enzymatically active truncated versions were expressed, but not when an enzymatically inactive version was expressed, indicating that these T-DNA insertion lines are gain-of-function mutants. Our results suggest that these truncated versions of PDIL2-1 function in sporophytic tissues to affect ovule structure and impede embryo sac development, thereby disrupting pollen tube guidance.
Variable gene family usage of protective and non‐protective anti‐Vibrio cholerae O1 LPS antibody heavy chains
Authors: Wade Terri K. , Wade William F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae causes cholera, an enteric disease of humans that is a worldwide problem. The O1 serogroup of Vibrio cholerae contains two predominant serotypes (Inaba and Ogawa) of LPS, a proven protective antigen for humans and experimental animals. We generated B‐cell hybridomas from mice immunized with either: (i) two doses of purified Inaba LPS; (ii) two doses of an Inaba hexasaccharide conjugate (terminal six perosamine bound to a protein carrier), (iii) four doses of purified Inaba LPS; or (iv) a low dose of purified Inaba LPS followed by a booster with the Inaba conjugate. We showed previously that the first and third immunization protocols induce vibriocidal antibodies, as does the fourth; the second protocol induces antibodies that bind Inaba and Ogawa LPS but are not vibriocidal. Anti‐LPS mAbs derived from hybridomas resulting from each immunization protocol were characterized for binding to Inaba and Ogawa LPS, their vibriocidal or protective capacity, and the variable heavy chain family they expressed. LPS immunogens selected different LPS‐specific B cells expressing six different Vh chain families. Protective and non‐protective mAbs could express variable regions from the same family. One mAb was specific for Inaba LPS, the other mAbs were cross‐reactive with both LPS serotypes. Sequence comparison suggests that the pairing of a specific light chain, somatic mutation, or the specific VDJ recombination can modulate the protective capacity of mAbs that express a common variable heavy chain family member.