bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Exploring Localized Geomagnetic Disturbances in Global MHD: Physics and Numerics
Authors: Vandegriff Erik M. , Welling Daniel T. , Mukhopadhyay Agnit , Dimmock Andrew P. , Morley Steven K. , Lopez Ramon E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the prominent effects of space weather is the formation of rapid geomagnetic field variations on Earth's surface driven by the magnetosphere‐ionosphere system. These geomagnetic disturbances (GMDs) cause geomagnetically induced currents to run through ground conducting systems. In particular, localized GMDs (LGMDs) can be high amplitude and can have an effect on scale sizes less than 100 km, making them hazardous to power grids and difficult to predict. In this study, we examine the ability of the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) to reproduce LGMDs in the 7 September 2017 event using both existing and new metrics to quantify the success of the model against observation. We show that the high‐resolution SWMF can reproduce LGMDs driven by ionospheric sources, but struggles to reproduce LGMDs driven by substorm effects. We calculate the global maxima of the magnetic fluctuations to show instances when the SWMF captures LGMDs at the correct times but not the correct locations. To remedy these shortcomings we suggest model developments that will directly impact the ability of the SWMF to reproduce LGMDs, most importantly updating the ionospheric conductance calculation from empirical to physics‐based.
Multifunctional photon conversion materials for enhancing silicon solar cells
Authors: Zhang Yiyan , Chen Guanying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA type of multifunctional erbium (Er3+) and ytterbium (Yb3+) codoped NaY(WO4)2 phosphors, with simultaneous photon upconversion, photon quantum cutting, and luminescence ratiometric temperature sensing abilities, have been developed, opening up new possibilities for high-performance silicon solar cells.
Prenatal, newborn and childhood factors and the timing of puberty in boys and girls
Authors: Suutela Maria , Hero Matti , Kosola Silja , Miettinen Päivi J. , Raivio Taneli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Our aim was to determine if prenatal factors, gestational age, birth weight and length, and childhood body mass index (BMI) are associated with the timing of puberty.

Methods
Our population-based study comprised 4826 girls and 5112 boys born between 1997 and 2002. Multiple linear regression modeled the relationships between the maternal and child predictors and the age at peak height velocity (PHV).

Results
Maternal smoking throughout pregnancy was associated with earlier age at PHV (−1.8 months in girls, 95%CI = −3.2 to −0.3, p = 0.015 and −1.7 months in boys, 95%CI = −3.1 to −0.3, p = 0.016). Older gestational age predicted later age at PHV in boys. One SDS increase in birth weight led to 1.7 months later age at PHV in girls (95%CI = 1.2 to 2.2, p < 0.001) and 0.8 months in boys (95%CI = 0.2 to 1.3, p = 0.005). At the age of 9 years, each increment of BMI by 1 kg/m2 was associated with 1.7 months (95%CI = −1.9 to −1.6, p < 0.001) and 1.3 months (95%CI = −1.4 to −1.1, p < 0.001) earlier age at PHV in girls and boys, respectively.

Conclusions
Fetal exposure to smoking can potentially exert enduring effects on pubertal timing. Birth weight and childhood nutritional status are significant determinants of pubertal timing in both sexes.

Impact

Maternal smoking was associated with earlier timing of puberty and greater birth weight with later timing of puberty in both girls and boys.

Most previous studies have focused on girls and used surveys to assess pubertal development, but we studied both sexes and used the same objective measure (age at peak height velocity) for the timing of puberty.

Our study increases knowledge especially regarding factors associated with the timing of puberty among boys.
Comparison of the 2022 world health organization classification and international consensus classification in myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms
Authors: Lee Wan-Hsuan , Lin Chien-Chin , Tsai Cheng-Hong , Tien Feng-Ming , Lo Min-Yen , Tseng Mei-Hsuan , Kuo Yuan-Yeh , Yu Shan-Chi , Liu Ming-Chih , Yuan Chang-Tsu , Yang Yi-Tsung , Chuang Ming-Kai , Ko Bor-Sheng , Tang Jih-Luh , Sun Hsun-I , Chuang Yi-Kuang , Tien Hwei-Fang , Hou Hsin-An , Chou Wen-Chien 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn 2022, two novel classification systems for myelodysplastic syndromes/neoplasms (MDS) have been proposed: the International Consensus Classification (ICC) and the 2022 World Health Organization (WHO-2022) classification. These two contemporary systems exhibit numerous shared features but also diverge significantly in terminology and the definition of new entities. Thus, we retrospectively validated the ICC and WHO-2022 classification and found that both systems promoted efficient segregation of this heterogeneous disease. After examining the distinction between the two systems, we showed that a peripheral blood blast percentage ≥ 5% indicates adverse survival. Identifying MDS/acute myeloid leukemia with MDS-related gene mutations or cytogenetic abnormalities helps differentiate survival outcomes. In MDS, not otherwise specified patients, those diagnosed with hypoplastic MDS and single lineage dysplasia displayed a trend of superior survival compared to other low-risk MDS patients. Furthermore, the impact of bone marrow fibrosis on survival was less pronounced within the ICC framework. Allogeneic transplantation appears to improve outcomes for patients diagnosed with MDS with excess blasts in the ICC. Therefore, we proposed an integrated system that may lead to the accurate diagnosis and advancement of future research for MDS. Prospective studies are warranted to validate this refined classification.
Meta-analysis indicates better climate adaptation and mitigation performance of hybrid engineering-natural coastal defence measures
Authors: Huynh Lam Thi Mai , Su Jie , Wang Quanli , Stringer Lindsay C. , Switzer Adam D. , Gasparatos Alexandros 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional approaches to coastal defence often struggle to reduce the risks of accelerated climate change. Incorporating nature-based components into coastal defences may enhance adaptation to climate change with added benefits, but we need to compare their performance against conventional hard measures. We conduct a meta-analysis that compares the performances of hard, hybrid, soft and natural measures for coastal defence across different functions of risk reduction, climate change mitigation, and cost-effectiveness. Hybrid and soft measures offer higher risk reduction and climate change mitigation benefits than unvegetated natural systems, while performing on par with natural measures. Soft and hybrid measures are more cost-effective than hard measures, while hybrid measures provide the highest hazard reduction among all measures. All coastal defence measures have a positive economic return over a 20-year period. Mindful of risk context, our results provide strong an evidence-base for integrating and upscaling nature-based components into coastal defences in lower risk areas.
Kinetically controlled metal-elastomer nanophases for environmentally resilient stretchable electronics
Authors: Chae Soosang , Choi Won Jin , Nebel Lisa Julia , Cho Chang Hee , Besford Quinn A. , Knapp André , Makushko Pavlo , Zabila Yevhen , Pylypovskyi Oleksandr , Jeong Min Woo , Avdoshenko Stanislav , Sander Oliver , Makarov Denys , Chung Yoon Jang , Fery Andreas , Oh Jin Young , Lee Tae Il 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNanophase mixtures, leveraging the complementary strengths of each component, are vital for composites to overcome limitations posed by single elemental materials. Among these, metal-elastomer nanophases are particularly important, holding various practical applications for stretchable electronics. However, the methodology and understanding of nanophase mixing metals and elastomers are limited due to difficulties in blending caused by thermodynamic incompatibility. Here, we present a controlled method using kinetics to mix metal atoms with elastomeric chains on the nanoscale. We find that the chain migration flux and metal deposition rate are key factors, allowing the formation of reticular nanophases when kinetically in-phase. Moreover, we observe spontaneous structural evolution, resulting in gyrified structures akin to the human brain. The hybridized gyrified reticular nanophases exhibit strain-invariant metallic electrical conductivity up to 156% areal strain, unparalleled durability in organic solvents and aqueous environments with pH 2–13, and high mechanical robustness, a prerequisite for environmentally resilient devices.
DHX9 maintains epithelial homeostasis by restraining R-loop-mediated genomic instability in intestinal stem cells
Authors: Ren Xingxing , Liu Qiuyuan , Zhou Peirong , Zhou Tingyue , Wang Decai , Mei Qiao , Flavell Richard A. , Liu Zhanju , Li Mingsong , Pan Wen , Zhu Shu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEpithelial barrier dysfunction and crypt destruction are hallmarks of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) residing in the crypts play a crucial role in the continuous self-renewal and rapid recovery of intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). However, how ISCs are dysregulated in IBD remains poorly understood. Here, we observe reduced DHX9 protein levels in IBD patients, and mice with conditional DHX9 depletion in the intestinal epithelium (Dhx9ΔIEC) exhibit an increased susceptibility to experimental colitis. Notably, Dhx9ΔIEC mice display a significant reduction in the numbers of ISCs and Paneth cells. Further investigation using ISC-specific or Paneth cell-specific Dhx9-deficient mice demonstrates the involvement of ISC-expressed DHX9 in maintaining epithelial homeostasis. Mechanistically, DHX9 deficiency leads to abnormal R-loop accumulation, resulting in genomic instability and the cGAS-STING-mediated inflammatory response, which together impair ISC function and contribute to the pathogenesis of IBD. Collectively, our findings highlight R-loop-mediated genomic instability in ISCs as a risk factor in IBD.
Nonlinear DNA methylation trajectories in aging male mice
Authors: Olecka Maja , van Bömmel Alena , Best Lena , Haase Madlen , Foerste Silke , Riege Konstantin , Dost Thomas , Flor Stefano , Witte Otto W. , Franzenburg Sören , Groth Marco , von Eyss Björn , Kaleta Christoph , Frahm Christiane , Hoffmann Steve 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough DNA methylation data yields highly accurate age predictors, little is known about the dynamics of this quintessential epigenomic biomarker during lifespan. To narrow the gap, we investigate the methylation trajectories of male mouse colon at five different time points of aging. Our study indicates the existence of sudden hypermethylation events at specific stages of life. Precisely, we identify two epigenomic switches during early-to-midlife (3-9 months) and mid-to-late-life (15-24 months) transitions, separating the rodents’ life into three stages. These nonlinear methylation dynamics predominantly affect genes associated with the nervous system and enrich in bivalently marked chromatin regions. Based on groups of nonlinearly modified loci, we construct a clock-like classifier STageR (STage of aging estimatoR) that accurately predicts murine epigenetic stage. We demonstrate the universality of our clock in an independent mouse cohort and with publicly available datasets.
Vapor-induced phase-separation-enabled versatile direct ink writing
Authors: Sole-Gras Marc , Ren Bing , Ryder Benjamin J. , Ge Jinqun , Huang Jinge , Chai Wenxuan , Yin Jun , Fuchs Gerhard E. , Wang Guoan , Jiang Xiuping , Huang Yong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVersatile printing of polymers, metals, and composites always calls for simple, economic approaches. Here we present an approach to three-dimensional (3D) printing of polymeric, metallic, and composite materials at room conditions, based on the polymeric vapor-induced phase separation (VIPS) process. During VIPS 3D printing (VIPS-3DP), a dissolved polymer-based ink is deposited in an environment where nebulized non-solvent is present, inducing the low-volatility solvent to be extracted from the filament in a controllable manner due to its higher chemical affinity with the non-solvent used. The polymeric phase is hardened in situ as a result of the induced phase separation process. The low volatility of the solvent enables its reclamation after the printing process, significantly reducing its environmental footprint. We first demonstrate the use of VIPS-3DP for polymer printing, showcasing its potential in printing intricate structures. We further extend VIPS-3DP to the deposition of polymer-based metallic inks or composite powder-laden polymeric inks, which become metallic parts or composites after a thermal cycle is applied. Furthermore, spatially tunable porous structures and functionally graded parts are printed by using the printing path to set the inter-filament porosity as well as an inorganic space-holder as an intra-filament porogen.
Elevated α-synuclein levels inhibit mitophagic flux
Authors: Kinnart Inge , Manders Liselot , Heyninck Thibaut , Imberechts Dorien , Praschberger Roman , Schoovaerts Nils , Verfaillie Catherine , Verstreken Patrik , Vandenberghe Wim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe pathogenic effect of SNCA gene multiplications indicates that elevation of wild-type α-synuclein levels is sufficient to cause Parkinson’s disease (PD). Mitochondria have been proposed to be a major target of α-synuclein-induced damage. PINK1/parkin/DJ-1-mediated mitophagy is a defense strategy that allows cells to selectively eliminate severely damaged mitochondria. Here, we quantified mitophagic flux and non-mitochondrial autophagic flux in three models of increased α-synuclein expression: 1/Drosophila melanogaster that transgenically express human wild-type and mutant α-synuclein in flight muscle; 2/human skin fibroblasts transfected with α-synuclein or β-synuclein; and 3/human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons carrying an extra copy of wild-type SNCA under control of a doxycycline-inducible promoter, allowing titratable α-synuclein upregulation. In each model, elevated α-synuclein levels potently suppressed mitophagic flux, while non-mitochondrial autophagy was preserved. In human neurons, a twofold increase in wild-type α-synuclein was already sufficient to induce this effect. PINK1 and parkin activation and mitochondrial translocation of DJ-1 after mitochondrial depolarization were not affected by α-synuclein upregulation. Overexpression of the actin-severing protein cofilin or treatment with CK666, an inhibitor of the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, rescued mitophagy in neurons with increased α-synuclein, suggesting that excessive actin network stabilization mediated the mitophagy defect. In conclusion, elevated α-synuclein levels inhibit mitophagic flux. Disruption of actin dynamics may play a key role in this effect.
Data-driven modeling of core gene regulatory network underlying leukemogenesis in IDH mutant AML
Authors: Katebi Ataur , Chen Xiaowen , Ramirez Daniel , Li Sheng , Lu Mingyang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by uncontrolled proliferation of poorly differentiated myeloid cells, with a heterogenous mutational landscape. Mutations in IDH1 and IDH2 are found in 20% of the AML cases. Although much effort has been made to identify genes associated with leukemogenesis, the regulatory mechanism of AML state transition is still not fully understood. To alleviate this issue, here we develop a new computational approach that integrates genomic data from diverse sources, including gene expression and ATAC-seq datasets, curated gene regulatory interaction databases, and mathematical modeling to establish models of context-specific core gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for a mechanistic understanding of tumorigenesis of AML with IDH mutations. The approach adopts a new optimization procedure to identify the top network according to its accuracy in capturing gene expression states and its flexibility to allow sufficient control of state transitions. From GRN modeling, we identify key regulators associated with the function of IDH mutations, such as DNA methyltransferase DNMT1, and network destabilizers, such as E2F1. The constructed core regulatory network and outcomes of in-silico network perturbations are supported by survival data from AML patients. We expect that the combined bioinformatics and systems-biology modeling approach will be generally applicable to elucidate the gene regulation of disease progression.
Standardised Versioning of Datasets: a FAIR–compliant Proposal
Authors: González–Cebrián Alba , Bradford Michael , Chis Adriana E. , González–Vélez Horacio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents a standardised dataset versioning framework for improved reusability, recognition and data version tracking, facilitating comparisons and informed decision-making for data usability and workflow integration. The framework adopts a software engineering-like data versioning nomenclature (“major.minor.patch”) and incorporates data schema principles to promote reproducibility and collaboration. To quantify changes in statistical properties over time, the concept ofdata drift metrics(d) is introduced. Three metrics (dP,dE,PCA, anddE,AE) based on unsupervised Machine Learning techniques (Principal Component Analysis and Autoencoders) are evaluated for dataset creation, update, and deletion. The optimal choice is thedE,PCAmetric, combining PCA models with splines. It exhibits efficient computational time, with values below 50 for new dataset batches and values consistent with seasonal or trend variations. Major updates (i.e., values of 100) occur when scaling transformations are applied to over 30% of variables while efficiently handling information loss, yielding values close to 0. This metric achieved a favourable trade-off between interpretability, robustness against information loss, and computation time.
Identification of small molecules affecting the interaction between human hemoglobin and Staphylococcus aureus IsdB hemophore
Authors: Cozzi Monica , Failla Mariacristina , Gianquinto Eleonora , Kovachka Sandra , Buoli Comani Valeria , Compari Carlotta , De Bei Omar , Giaccari Roberta , Marchesani Francesco , Marchetti Marialaura , Ronda Luca , Rolando Barbara , Baroni Massimo , Cruciani Gabriele , Campanini Barbara , Bettati Stefano , Faggiano Serena , Lazzarato Loretta , Spyrakis Francesca 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman hemoglobin (Hb) is the preferred iron source of Staphylococcus aureus. This pathogenic bacterium exploits a sophisticated protein machinery called Iron-regulated surface determinant (Isd) system to bind Hb, extract and internalize heme, and finally degrade it to complete iron acquisition. IsdB, the surface exposed Hb receptor, is a proven virulence factor of S. aureus and the inhibition of its interaction with Hb can be pursued as a strategy to develop new classes of antimicrobials. To identify small molecules able to disrupt IsdB:Hb protein–protein interactions (PPIs), we carried out a structure-based virtual screening campaign and developed an ad hoc immunoassay to screen the retrieved set of commercially available compounds. Saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR was applied to verify specific interactions of a sub-set of molecules, chosen based on their efficacy in reducing the amount of Hb bound to IsdB. Among molecules for which direct binding was verified, the best hit was submitted to ITC analysis to measure the binding affinity to Hb, which was found to be in the low micromolar range. The results demonstrate the viability of the proposed in silico/in vitro experimental pipeline to discover and test IsdB:Hb PPI inhibitors. The identified lead compound will be the starting point for future SAR and molecule optimization campaigns.
Research of wet string grid dust removal vehicle and creation of dust control area on tunnel working face
Authors: Deng Huan , Chen Shiqiang , Huang Junxin , Wu Zhirong , Rao Ying , Qiu Xinyi , Cheng Jiujun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe spread of blast dust throughout the tunnel becomes a common problem in drill and blast tunneling,the key to breaking through the problem is the creation of a dust control area on the working face.In view of this key problem, a wet string grid dust removal crawler vehicle was developed, the power of the vehicle came from the diesel generator, and further, the air cooler of the diesel generator was used to generate airflow, and the suction process formed by the on-board axial flow fan was coupled to create a dust control area of the working face after blasting.The results show that when the frequency of the axial flow fan is adjusted to 30 Hz, the airflow speed of the wet chord grid section reaches 3.34 m/s, and the dust removal efficiency is the highest, with a value of 94.3%.Compared with the non-use of the dust removal vehicle, when the air outlet of the air cooler is front, horizontal front, horizontal rear, the dust concentration is reduced by 74.37, 92.39 and 50.53%.Finally, the optimized wet grid dust removal crawler was installed in the Dading tunnel, and the actual dust reduction efficiency was about 78.49%. The results obtained provide an important technical way to improve the working environment of the drilling and blasting construction tunnel.
Bubble dynamics and atomization of acoustically levitated diesel and biodiesel droplets using femtosecond laser pulses
Authors: Jagadale Vishal S. , Deshmukh Devendra , Hanstorp Dag , Mishra Yogeshwar Nath 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study focuses on the bubble dynamics and associated breakup of individual droplets of diesel and biodiesel under the influence of femtosecond laser pulses. The bubble dynamics were examined by suspending the droplets in the air through an acoustically levitated setup. The laser pulse energies ranged from 25 to 1050 µJ, and droplet diameters varied between 0.25 and 1.5 mm. High-speed shadowgraphy was employed to examine the influence of femtosecond laser intensity and multiple laser pulses on various spatial–temporal parameters. Four distinct sequences of regimes have been identified, depending on early and late times: bubble creation by individual laser pulses, coalescence, bubble rupture and expansion, and droplet fragmentation. At all laser intensities, early-time dynamics showed only bubble generation, while specifically at higher intensities, late-time dynamics revealed droplet breaking. The droplet breakup is further categorized into three mechanisms: steady sheet collapse, unstable sheet breakup, and catastrophic breakup, all following a well-known ligament and secondary breakup process. The study reveals that laser pulses with high repetition rates and moderate laser energy were the optimal choice for precise bubble control and cutting.
Forecasting the ecological footprint of G20 countries in the next 30 years
Authors: Eufrasio Espinosa Rafael M. , Lenny Koh S. C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Ecological Footprint evaluates the difference between the availability of renewable resources and the extent of human consumption of these resources. Over the past few decades, historical records have shown an accelerated decline in the availability of resources. Based on national footprint and biocapacity accounts, this analysis aims to advance the forecasting of the G20 countries' ecological footprints over a 30-year time frame. We employed a time series forecasting approach implemented in Python, which included-modular regression (Prophet) and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA & Auto-ARIMA) methods. We evaluated and combined the performance of these three methods. The results indicated that among the largest economies of the G20, only four countries are projected to have a positive ecological footprint balance by 2050. These countries share the common denominator of large land areas and a moderate population growth projection. However, the overall trend of the indicator suggests that it will continue to decline.