bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indicators for sustainable energy development: Brazil's case study
Authors: Schaeffer Roberto , Szklo Alexandre Salem , Cima Fernando Monteiro , Machado Giovani 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis article summarizes the results of the project on indicators for sustainable energy development (ISED) in Brazil. The project's aim was to present energy related economic, social and environmental data to policy makers in a coherent and consistent form, showing interlinkages, time‐series and cross‐sectoral analyses and assess energy policy. Two priority areas assessed by these indicators, regarding the country's energy supply and demand, helped in the identification of a number of energy policy options that focused on specific aspects of the country's energy sector. On the supply side, these options include the development and stimulation of renewable energy, such as small‐scale hydroelectric, wind, solar photovoltaic power and bagasse cogeneration; stimulation of programmes for ethanol use as automotive fuel and sugarcane bagasse cogeneration; and implementation of natural gas‐fired, combined heat and power (CHP) plants. On the demand side, policy options include: the full implementation of the law on efficiency standards for appliances; expansion of utility investment in end‐use energy efficiency; adoption of targets and protocols to reduce energy intensity in the industrial sector; improvement of passenger transport efficiency; and the creation of a fund to improve energy affordability for the poor.
Indicators for sustainable energy development in Thailand
Authors: Todoc Jessie L. , Todoc Monaliza J. , Lefevre Thierry 
Published: December 2005

Abstract This article examines energy priorities for Thailand from the economic, social and environmental perspectives of sustainable development. The article uses a set of indicators devised by the International Atomic Energy Agency in partnership with other international agencies and research institutes in seven countries. Thailand's energy efficiency in the 1980s and 1990s are analysed using energy intensity indicators, and possible impacts on sustainable energy development are highlighted. The early 1990s in particular was an important period for Thailand, as the country was at the height of its economic growth, and a number of energy efficiency and conservation programmes were launched. Energy intensity indicators show continuing and faster growth in energy consumption relative to economic activity. The financial crisis in the late 1990s did halt growth in energy consumption, with positive consequences on environmental emissions, but only temporarily as Thailand's economy quickly started to recover in 2000. Notwithstanding the financial crisis, the other indicators show significant progress in economic and social dimensions.
Energy and environment in the European Union: An indicator‐based analysis
Authors: Taylor Peter G. , Wiesenthal Tobias , Mourelatou Aphrodite 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The European Environment Agency (EEA) is the European Union body dedicated to providing sound, independent information on the environment. It is a major information source for those involved in developing, adopting, implementing and evaluating environmental policy in Europe, and also for the general public. In line with its mandate, the EEA has developed — focused around a set of policy relevant questions — a set of indicators to assess progress in Europe in integrating environmental considerations into the energy sector. Each question is answered through one or more indicators describing the development of the sector in Europe, implications for the environment and links to policy actions. The indicators cover not only the current situation, but also trends and prospects and, most importantly, point to the conditions for change that are needed for progress towards a more sustainable energy policy that benefits the environment. The results of the most recent assessment are presented in this article and show that in many areas of environmental integration there have been some successes, but overall progress to date has been insufficient. Substantial additional action will therefore be required in the future if the European Union is going to move towards a more environmentally sustainable energy system.
EU sustainable development indicators: An overview
Authors: Ledoux Laure , Mertens Roeland , Wolff Pascal 
Published: December 2005

Abstract The European Union's commitment to sustainable development at the 1992 Earth Summit resulted in an EU‐wide sustainable development strategy, adopted in Gothenburg in 2001. This article presents an overview of the set of sustainable development indicators (SDIs) recently adopted by the European Commission to monitor, assess and revise the strategy. It provides a critical assessment of the current status of the indicator set, and reviews the main policy trends in the areas of the strategy through a brief analysis of headline indicators, placing energy and climate change issues in a broader perspective. Finally, the article compares the energy SDIs to the recent inter‐agency energy indicators for sustainable development (EISD), underlining their similarities as well as their different priorities and objectives. The article concludes that further research is needed to improve the SDI set and further explore the linkages between themes.
Is paternal postpartum depression associated with maternal postpartum depression? Population‐based study in Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro R. T. , Magalhães P. V. S. , Horta B. L. , Pinheiro K. A. T. , da Silva R. A. , Pinto R. H. 
Published: December 2005

Objective:  To describe the prevalence of paternal postpartum depression (PPD) as well as its association with maternal PPD.Method:  A population‐based random sample of 386 couples was assessed from the sixth to the 12th week postpartum for demographic characteristics, alcohol misuse (AUDIT) and depressive symptoms [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)]. Logistic regression was employed to control for potential confounders.Results:  In the BDI, 26.3% of mothers and 11.9% of fathers scored above the selected threshold of 10. Mild maternal depression [odds ratio (OR) 3.31, 95% CI 1.52–7.20] and moderate to severe maternal depression (OR 8.44, 95% CI 3.53–20.21) were associated with paternal PPD.Conclusion:  Paternal PPD is a clinically meaningful phenomenon. Fathers should be evaluated for mood disorders in the postpartum, especially when their partner is depressed.
High‐intensity resistance and cardiovascular training improve physical capacity in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Quist M. , Rorth M. , Zacho M. , Andersen C. , Moeller T. , Midtgaard J. , Adamsen L. 
Published: December 2005

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of a supervised high‐ and low‐intensity structured training program in cancer patients concurrently undergoing chemotherapy. Seventy patients, in different stages of the disease and with different diagnoses (48 females, 22 males), between 18 and 65 years of age (mean age 42.8) participated in a 9‐h weekly training program over 6 weeks. The intervention involved physical exercise, relaxation, massage, and body‐awareness training. Physical capacity (one‐repetition maximum tests (1RM), VO2max) and body composition (weight, skin‐fold) were compared before and after the exercise intervention.The average increase in muscular strength was 41.3% (P<0.001) and 14.5% in aerobic fitness (pre: 2.27±0.597 L/min, post: 2.56±0.644 L/min, (P<0.001). The exercise intervention significantly increased the weight of the subjects by 1% (pre: 72.62±13.42 kg, post: 73.25±13.44 kg, P=0.016). There was a significant decrease in skin‐fold measurements by 3% (P=0.031).The exercise intervention was well tolerated, provided that daily screening criteria were adhered to. The effects of resistance and cardiovascular training observed in this short‐term study support the theory that exercise is a beneficial intervention strategy for increasing muscle strength and aerobic fitness during antineoplastic chemotherapy. This type of exercise program can be an important component of complementary treatment for cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Toxicity and biodistribution of a first‐generation recombinant adenoviral vector, in the presence of hydroxychloroquine, following retroductal delivery to a single rat submandibular gland
Authors: Zheng C , Voutetakis A , Kok MR , Goldsmith CM , Smith GBJ , Elmore S , Nyska A , Vallant M , Irwin RD , Baum BJ 
Published: December 2005

Objective:  We examined the toxicity and biodistribution associated with a single administration of a first‐generation, serotype 5, adenoviral vector encoding human growth hormone (hGH; AdCMVhGH) to a single rat submandibular gland in the presence of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Previously, we showed that hGH is primarily secreted into saliva (approximately ninefold serum level) when expressed as a transgene in salivary glands (e.g. Baum et al, 1999), but administration of HCQ substantially increases the hGH levels secreted into the bloodstream (Hoque et al, 2001). A potential application of this observation is for patients with adult hGH deficiency.Methods:  Six groups of male and female adult rats (n = 12 each) were studied, with zero to 1.5 × 1011 particles of AdCMVhGH, ±HCQ, administered retroductally. Multiple clinical and pathological parameters, as well as vector tissue distribution, were assessed.Results:  All animals survived until the scheduled day of sacrifice, and essentially no untoward events were observed clinically or at gross necropsy. We observed no vector‐related effects on clinical hematology evaluations and a single, transient significant change on clinical chemistry evaluations (increased serum globulin levels). Three days after AdCMVhGH administration, the vector distributed to all tissues analyzed with the exception of gonads and heart. By day 29, most organs, other than the targeted and contralateral submandibular glands, were negative for the presence of vector. On day 3, none of the animals tested positive for the presence of replication competent adenovirus in either their blood or saliva.Conclusion:  Salivary gland delivery of AdCMVhGH ±HCQ appears associated with limited toxicity in rats.
Expression of bone morphogenetic proteins and their associated molecules in ameloblastomas and adenomatoid odontogenic tumors
Authors: Kumamoto H , Ooya K 
Published: December 2005

Objective:  To further clarify the roles of regulators of embryonic development, bone morphogenetic protein (BMPs) and their associated molecules, in oncogenesis and cytodifferentiation of odontogenic tumors, the expression of these regulator molecules were analyzed in epithelial odontogenic tumors as well as in tooth germs.Materials and methods:  Tooth germs, ameloblastomas, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, and malignant ameloblastomas were examined by RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry for detection of BMP‐2, ‐4, ‐7, BMP receptors I and II (BMPR‐I, BMPR‐II), core‐binding factor α1 (CBFA1), and osterix.Results:  mRNA expression of BMPs, BMPRs, CBFA1, and osterix was detected in all odontogenic tissues. Immunohistochemical reactivity for BMPs, BMPRs, and CBFA1 was detected in both epithelial and mesenchymal cells of tooth germs and epithelial odontogenic tumors. BMPs and BMPRs were evidently expressed in odontogenic epithelial cells in tooth germs and epithelial odontogenic tumors. Acanthomatous ameloblastomas showed increased BMP‐7 reactivity in keratinizing cells. Nuclear CBFA1 expression was detected scatteredly in odontogenic epithelial cells in normal and neoplastic odontogenic tissues, as well as in some mesenchymal cells in tooth germs and in some stromal cells in epithelial odontogenic tumors. Ameloblastic carcinomas showed low reactivity for BMPs, BMPRs, and CBFA1.Conclusion:  BMPs and their associated molecules might play a role in cytodifferentiation of normal and neoplastic odontogenic epithelium via epithelial–mesenchymal interactions.
Possible evidence for the ejection of a supermassive black hole from an ongoing merger of galaxies
Authors: Haehnelt Martin G. , Davies Melvyn B. , Rees Martin J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Attempts of Magain et al. to detect the host galaxy of the bright quasi-stellar object (QSO) HE0450–2958 have not been successful. We suggest that the supermassive black hole (SMBH) powering the QSO was ejected from the observed ultraluminous infrared galaxy (ULIRG) at the same redshift and at 1.5 arcsec distance. Ejection could have been caused either by recoil due to gravitational wave emission from a coalescing binary of SMBHs or the gravitational slingshot of three or more SMBHs in the ongoing merger of galaxies which triggered the starburst activity in the ULIRG. We discuss implications for the possible hierarchical build-up of SMBHs from intermediate and/or stellar mass black holes, and for the detection of coalescing supermassive binary black holes by LISA.
The complex velocity distribution of galaxies in Abell 1689: implications for mass modelling
Authors: Łokas E. L. , Prada F. , Wojtak R. , Moles M. , Gottlöber S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The Abell 1689 galaxy cluster has recently become a subject of intensive study. Thanks to its intermediate redshift (z= 0.183), its mass distribution can be reconstructed using numerous methods including gravitational lensing, galaxy kinematics and X-ray imaging. The methods used to yield conflicting mass estimates in the past, and recently the cluster mass distribution has been claimed to be in conflict with standard cold dark matter scenarios due to the rather large concentration and steep mass profile obtained from the detailed studies of Broadhurst et al. using lensing. By studying in detail the kinematics of about 200 galaxies with measured redshifts in the vicinity of the cluster, we show that the cluster is probably surrounded by a few structures, quite distant from each other, but aligned along the line of sight. We support our arguments by referring to cosmological N-body simulations and showing explicitly that distant, non-interacting haloes can produce entangled multi-peak line-of-sight velocity distributions similar to that in Abell 1689. We conclude that it is difficult to estimate the cluster mass reliably from galaxy kinematics, but the value that we obtain after applying a simple cut-off in velocity agrees roughly with the mass estimated from lensing. The complicated mass distribution around the cluster may, however, increase the uncertainty in the determination of the density profile shape obtained with weak lensing.
Mobility of Overconstrained Parallel Mechanisms
Authors: Dai Jian S. , Huang Zhen , Lipkin Harvey 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe Kutzbach–Grübler mobility criterion calculates the degrees of freedom of a general mechanism. However, the criterion can break down for mechanisms with special geometries, and in particular, the class of so-called overconstrained parallel mechanisms. The problem is that the criterion treats all constraints as active, even redundant constraints, which do not affect the mechanism degrees of freedom. In this paper we reveal a number of screw systems of a parallel mechanism, explore their inter-relationship and develop an original theoretical framework to relate these screw systems to motion and constraints of a parallel mechanism to identify the platform constraints, mechanism constraints and redundant constraints. The screw system characteristics and relationships are investigated for physical properties and a new approach to mobility analysis is proposed based on decompositions of motion and constraint screw systems. New versions of the mobility criterion are thus presented to eliminate the redundant constraints and accurately predict the platform degrees of freedom. Several examples of overconstrained mechanisms from the literature illustrate the results.
Three-Dimensional Assembly Synthesis for Robust Dimensional Integrity Based on Screw Theory
Authors: Lee Byungwoo , Saitou Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a three-dimensional (3D) extension of our previous work on the synthesis of assemblies whose dimensional integrity is insensitive to the dimensional variations of individual parts. Assuming that assemblies can be built in the reverse sequence of decomposition, the method recursively decomposes a given product geometry into two subassemblies until parts become manufacturable. At each recursion, joints are assigned to the interfaces between two subassemblies to ensure the two criteria for robust dimensional integrity, in-process dimensional adjustability, and proper part constraints. Screw theory is utilized as a unified 3D representation of the two criteria. A case study on an automotive space frame is presented to demonstrate the method.
Decomposition-Based Assembly Synthesis of Space Frame Structures Using Joint Library
Authors: Lyu Naesung , Saitou Kazuhiro 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
This paper presents a method for identifying the optimal designs of components and joints in the space frame body structures of passenger vehicles considering structural characteristics, manufacturability, and assembleability. Dissimilar to our previous work based on graph decomposition, the problem is posed as a simultaneous determination of the locations and types of joints in a structure and the cross sections of the joined structural frames, selected from a predefined joint library. The joint library is a set of joint designs containing the geometry of the feasible joints at each potential joint location and the cross sections of the joined frames, associated with their structural characteristics as equivalent torsional springs obtained from the finite element analyses of the detailed joint geometry. Structural characteristics of the entire structure are evaluated by finite element analyses of a beam-spring model constructed from the selected joints and joined frames. Manufacturability and assembleability are evaluated as the manufacturing and assembly costs estimated from the geometry of the components and joints, respectively. The optimization problem is solved by a multiobjective genetic algorithm using a direct crossover. A case study on an aluminum space frame of a midsize passenger vehicle is discussed.
An Experimental Study of Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a 580mm(22.8in.) Diameter Direct Lubrication Tilting Pad Journal Bearing
Authors: Ikeda Kazunori , Hirano Toshio , Yamashita Tatsuo , Mikami Makoto , Sakakida Hitoshi 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Direct lubrication tilting pad journal bearings (DLTPJ bearings) have rarely been applied to large-scale rotating machinery, such as turbines or generators, whose journal diameters are more than 500mm. In this paper, static and dynamic characteristics of a 580mm(22.8in.) diameter DLTPJ bearing were studied experimentally using a full-scale bearing test rig. In the static test, distribution of metal temperature, oil film pressure, and bearing loss were measured in changing oil flow rate, with mean bearing pressure ranging up to 2.9MPa. The maximum metal temperature of the DLTPJ bearing was compared to that of a conventional flood lubrication bearing, and it was confirmed that the direct lubrication could increase load capacity. In the dynamic test, spring and damping coefficients of oil film were obtained by exciting the bearing casing that was floated by air bellows. These data will be used for analysis and design of steam turbine rotors and their bearing systems. Also, vibration of pads was investigated because metal failure on upper pads due to vibration has been found in some actual machines. In order to generate oil film pressure on the surface of upper pads, a Rayleigh-step was machined there, and it was confirmed that vibration was reduced by the Rayleigh-step.
A New Model of Thermoelastohydrodynamic Lubrication in Dynamically Loaded Journal Bearings
Authors: Fatu Aurelian , Hajjam Mohamed , Bonneau Dominique 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
A comprehensive method of thermoelastohydrodynamic (TEHD) lubrication analysis for dynamically loaded journal bearings is presented. An algorithm for mass conserving cavitation is included, and the effect of viscosity variation with the temperature is taken into account. The Reynolds equation in the film is solved using the finite element (FE) discretization. Thermal distortions as well as the elastic deformation of the bearing surfaces are computed using the FE method. The temperature of the lubrication film is treated as a time-dependent three-dimensional variable with a parabolic variation with respect to the film thickness. In order to compute the temperature of the film and its surrounding solid surfaces, a new heat flux conservation algorithm is proposed. An important element in this analysis is the consideration of thermal boundary layers for solids. It is known that the thermal transients on the film-solid interfaces and the dynamic loading have the same period (one cycle). However, beyond the thermal boundary layers, the time scale for thermal transient in the journal and bushing are several orders of magnitude greater than those for the oil film. The Fourier series approximates the instantaneous temperature fields in the solid boundary layers. In this way, the mean heat flux that passes into the solid can be computed and a steady-state heat conduction equation can be used to obtain thermal fields inside the solids. Finally, solving the complex problem of big-end connecting-rod bearing TEHD lubrication proves the efficiency of the algorithm. Oil film temperatures are found to vary considerably over the time and space.
Heat Partition in Rolling/Sliding Elastohydrodynamic Contacts
Authors: Clarke A. , Sharif K. J. , Evans H. P. , Snidle R. W. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The paper presents the results of a thermal analysis of a set of disk experiments carried out by Patching et al. to investigate scuffing. The experiments used crowned steel disks at 76-mm centers with maximum Hertzian contact pressures of up to 1.7 GPa. Experimental measurements of contact friction were used as the basis for a thermal analysis of the disks and their associated support shafts. Temperatures measured by embedded thermocouples 3.2 mm below the running tracks of the disks were used to determine the heat partition between the faster and slower running disks in order to match the experimental with calculated temperatures. This partition was found to vary approximately as a function of the product of sliding speed and surface temperature difference. A transient (flash) temperature analysis of one of the experiments was also carried out. This shows large differences between the disk transient surface temperatures. These surface temperature distributions were compared with those obtained from corresponding elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL) analyses using two different non-Newtonian lubricant formulations. The EHL analyses show that the heat partition obtained depends on the form of non-Newtonian behavior assumed, and that to achieve the same partition as is evident in the experiment a limiting shear stress formulation is necessary. It is suggested that the combination of heat transfer and EHL analysis presented in the paper could be used as a sensitive tool for distinguishing between different non-Newtonian lubricant models under realistic engineering loads and with high sliding speeds.