bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological markers as an aid in the clinical management of patients with liver metastases
Authors: Waalkes T. Phillip , Abeloff Martin D. , Ettinger David S. , Mrochek John E. , Bostick William D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiver metastases due to the more common neoplastic diseases such as colorectal, breast, or bronchogenic carcinoma are a frequent occurrence and are associated with an ominous prognosis. Earlier detection followed by appropriate therapeutic interventions might have a decided effect on the subsequent course of disease. Controversy exists over the selection of tests with the greatest sensitivity, specificity, and potential utility. Preliminary evidence suggest that γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and 5′‐nucleotidase may be of particular significance. Four enzymes — γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, 5′‐nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase plus carcinoembryonic antigen — were compared in the same blood samples from selected patients with breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung. γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase was the most sensitive test with 28/29 (97%) patients with hepatic metastases having elevated enzymatic activity in their sera. For patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung followed serially, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity was increased an average of 5 months before liver metastases were detected by clinical means. Two factors are important in the interpretation of the results of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase analysis: (1) Hepatic dysfunction due to diseases other than metastatic tumor involvement can cause a rise in enzyme levels as can (2) medications or ethanol which activate the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing system. Of particular importance, however, is the fact that antitumor chemotherapy, even intensive and multiple agent, did not appear to effect the enzyme activity in the sera of patients with breast or small cell carcinoma of the lung. γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen may be of particular value in detecting liver metastases and in assessing subsequent response to therapy.
An experimental brain tumor model in rabbits
Authors: Morgan David F. , Silberman Allan W. , Bubbers J. Eric , Rand Robert W. , Storm F. Kristian , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA rabbit brain tumor model is described using transplanted VX‐2 carcinoma. The mean survival time after tumor transplantation was 9.3 days, and the reproducibility rate was 90%. In addition, this new model offers significant advantages over previously reported brain tumor models in terms of ease of induction and shortened latency times.
Lymphography, a new technique of incision
Authors: Park H. C. , Bahng C. H. , Jennings E. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn improved technique for exposing a lymph vessel prior to cannulation is introduced. This involves one clean incision and minimal dissection. Utilizing this technique, a vessel can be exposed within a minute. Damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue is minimal. Leaking and procedure failures are rare. Fast healing occurs due to minimal incision length and trauma.
Villous adenomatosis and carcinoma in a 66‐year‐old man with familial polyposis
Authors: Roseman James M. , Clausen Kathryn P. , Minton John P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient evaluated and treated for carcinoma of the colon and multiple polyps and the patient's family represent a new pattern of clinical and pathologic manifestations of familial polyposis. The lack of antecedent family history of polyposis, the presence of diffuse villous degeneration, and the occurrence of cancer at age 66 years are a departure from the usual character of this syndrome.Subsequent generations continued the expression of familial polyposis with prominent villous changes. New insight into a possible relationship among the various types of polyps as well as between them and cancer is suggested by this family.
Histological evaluation of the nodules resected in the treatment of pulmonary metastatic disease
Authors: Johnson Houston , Fantone Joseph , Flye M. Wayne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring an 18 month period, 41 patients who had previously had a primary tumor removed, underwent 60 operations for resection of newly detected radiographic pulmonary nodules. Primary tumors included 16 osteogenic sarcomas, 9 malignant melanomas, 12 soft tissue sarcomas, 1 Ewing's sarcoma, 2 adenocarcinomas of the rectum, and 1 testicular teratocarcinoma. One hundred and eight‐one pulmonary specimens were submitted for pathologic examination and 149 discrete nodules were found in these specimens by the pathologist (83%). Metastases represented 76–100% of nodules removed in 68% of the operations, 51–75% of nodules in 12%, 26–50% of nodules in 14%, and less than 25% of nodules in 6% of the cases. Metastatic disease was found in 90% of cases where nodules were greater than or equal to 0.5 cm in diameter, while metastases were found in only 33% of cases where the largest nodules removed were less than 0.5 cm. In only two cases did the histology of the pulmonary metastases differ from that of the primary tumor. We conclude that although benign lesions cannot be distinguished from metastases except by resection, nodules less than 0.5 cm in diameter probably should be observed for a further increase in size prior to operation.
Relative accuracy of diagnostic method in bronchogenic carcinoma
Authors: Vyas J. J. , Desai P. B. , Rao Nagaraj D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe definitive diagnosis confirming lung cancer by microscopic examination is indicated before the therapy whenever possible and particularly prior to undertaking thoracotomy in situations when tissue diagnosis is not achieved. In such situations the thoracotomy becomes diagnostic with the therapeutic procedure. In clinically suspected cancer of the lung, histological confirmation is usually available at times, and cytology confirmation must suffice. At Tata Memorial Hospital for cancer and allied diseases in Bombay, India, we analyzed retrospectively 298 cases, which were submitted for different diagnostic procedures in suspected lung cancer. The yield of positive tissue diagnosis of malignancy obtained by each method is described and discussed. We observed that transthoracic needle biopsy gives significant information on inflammatory diseases of the lung. The sputum examination makes the simplest revelation of malignant cells, to an extent of 53% at our institution for three successive samples.
Venous thrombosis and carcinoma of the lung: Case report and literature review
Authors: Jose Baby , Mendoza Enrique F. , Tobin Daniel A. , Chu Ann M. , Scott Ralph M. , Bland Kirby I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case report of recurrent, migratory thrombophlebitis associated with lung cancer is presented. A detailed review of the pathophysiology of recurrent thrombophlebitis with lung cancer is done. The clinical implications and the need for an aggressive search for a primary lung tumor in patients presenting with this complication are stressed.
Primary carcinoma of the liver: Clinical course and therapeutic results
Authors: Appelqvist Pertti 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA Finnish series of 53 patients with primary carcinoma of the liver has been examined with a view to establishing the clinical course, the therapeutic results, and the factors which might influence the prognosis. Four tumors were resected, with one 6‐year survival. All patients with no effective treatment were dead within 1 year from diagnosis. Thirty‐seven non‐resected patients with primary liver carcinoma were treated with chemotherapy and/or hepatic irradiation with mean survival time of 9.1 months after diagnosis. The best palliation in these patients was achieved by the combination treatment of chemotherapy and hepatic irradiation; the mean survival time was 13.8 months and, considering only the responders, 18.3 months. The laparotomy finding of 46 cases revealed that 67% of patients were without extrahepatic metastases of primary liver carcinoma at the time of diagnosis. At autopsy that figure was 44%.These data demonstrate that primary liver carcinoma is surprisingly often localized in the liver, but yet survival in these patients seems to be only occasionally favorably influenced by recent therapies, except hepatic resection, which remains the treatment of choice when feasible. Perhaps for primary carcinoma of the liver, the combination treatment of chemotherapy and hepatic irradiation gives better palliation than either one of these therapies alone.
The Incidence of Carcinoma of the Gastric Remnant
Authors: Welvaart K. , Warnsinck H. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCarcinoma of the gastric remnant (stump carcinoma) is defined as cancer that has developed in the remnant of the stomach when primary resection was carried out at least 5 years earlier and for benign disease. Little is known about the incidence of the disease. In several publications adequate calculation is missing and unfortunately in well‐designed investigations considerable numbers of patients who are to be followed from the day of the resection until many years later are missing. Thus calculations are based on a group of selected patients. We succeeded in analyzing 97% of our patients in a period for over 26 years. Stump cancer occurred in 1.9%. In our opinion stump cancer is not an independent disease, but similar to cancer of the stomach. It seems that resection provides a decrease of the chance that eventually gastric cancer may arise.
Testicular relapse in acute childhood leukemia
Authors: Forrest John B. , Sabio Hernan , Howards Stuart S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe successful induction and maintenance of hematologic remission in childhood acute leukemia has led to the recognition of extramedullary leukemia as a major clinical problem [1–6]. The central nervous system is the most common site of extramedullary relapse [1,7–12], A more recently recognized form of extramedullary relapse is the testis [13–22]. This paper will review a series of patients with childhood acute leukemia who suffered testicular relapse. Modes of therapy for testicular relapse and research conducted into the etiology of testicular relapse will be discussed.
Comparison of cytosol estrogen receptor status in ovarian carcinoma using different radiolabeled ligands and methods
Authors: Lele S. B. , Piver M. S. , Barlow J. J. , Chatterjee S. , Schneider S. , Ip M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is not uncommon to find more than one class of steroid hormone receptors present in a given tissue specimen. In this study we compared methods with different ligands and incubation conditions. Samples were also assayed using the dextran‐coated charcoal as well as sucrose gradient. The purpose of this paper is to show the need for a standardization of technique if we are to draw meaningful conclusions from the values obtained by different workers. Whereas normal ovaries and benign ovarian lesions lacked estrogen receptors, the presence of estrogen receptor was confirmed in malignant ovarian lesions.
Sweat gland carcinoma with hypercalcemia
Authors: Smith Noel L. , Madariaga Juan , Lane Bernard , Khan S. Ali , Lanter Bernard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case is presented in which a large recurrent malignant tumor of the thigh of probable sweat gland origin is associated with hypercalcemia. The tumor invaded the periosteum of the pubis. Hypercalcemia subsided following hemipelvectomy and the patient has remained asymptomatic since 1977.
Oral administration of BCG as a local immunotherapy of gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Eriguchi Masazumi , Fujii Genshichiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntitumor effect of oral bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG) administration was investigated by both animal experimentation and clinical trials. In animal experiments, orally administered BCG inhibited metastasis of syngeneic tumor from the initial site in caecum to mesenteric lymph nodes. Measurement of chemiluminescent intensity of adherent cells obtained from mesenteric lymph nodes of treated hosts revealed elevated activities of these cells. In the clinical trials it was found that marked histiocytosis occurred in mesenteric lymph nodes of stomach and colorectal cancer patients treated by the oral BCG. The 2‐year survival rate of treated patients with stage IV stomach cancer (44.4%) was significantly higher than that of the untreated patients (6.3%). The results of the present study indicate that the oral BCG administration would be an effective local adjuvant therapy following radical surgery to treat patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
Technique for placement of a totally implantable venous access device
Authors: Kondi Edward S. , Pietrafitta Joseph J. , Barriola Jon A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA totally implantable venous access system is described which greatly improved the ability to gain long‐term venous access in selected patients. The external jugular approach has been demonstrated to be a safe and simple technique. The only major problem associated with the implantable venous access system was the development of one‐way catheter occlusions [1]. A number of methods for restoring catheter patency have been advocated [2–4]. The use of streptokinase appears to be the most reliable and was found effective in this study. Importantly, however, catheter sepsis has been virtually eliminated with this totally implantable system.
Combinations of arabinosyl cytosine and 6‐thioguanine for treatment of adults with acute leukemia
Authors: Bodey Gerald P. , Freireich Emil J. , McCredie Kenneth B. , Rodriguez Victorio , Burgess M. Andrew , Frei Emil 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe combination of arabinosyl cytosine and 6‐thioguanine has been effective for the treatment of acute leukemia. Three schedules of this combination were studied to determine which was most effective, especially in patients who had prior exposure to either or both of these drugs. Sequential and simultaneous 5‐day courses of the combination were ineffective. A regimen consisting of a 5‐day course of arabinosyl cytosine followed by a 5‐day course of 6‐thioguanine and another 5‐day course of arabinosyl cytosine produced responses in 36% of 25 patients. Seven of the nine patients who responded were refractory to prior therapy with arabinosyl cytosine and 5 were refractory to prior therapy with 6‐mercaptopurine. However, the median duration of response was only six weeks. Four patients developed central nervous system complications and three of these patients died while in complete remission. Major toxicity from all three regimens was myelosuppression. This regimen was about as effective as most other regimens used as secondary therapy in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia, but its toxicity was too great for routine usage.
Evaluation of cell‐mediated reactivity and serum blocking factors in melanoma patients on chemotherapy
Authors: Cummings F. J. , Heppner Gloria H. , Calabresi Paul , Byrne Michael , Stolbach Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSequential assays for cell‐mediated reactivity (CMR) and serum blocking factor (SBF) were performed in a group of 12 melanoma patients who were treated with one or both of the clinically available imidazole carboxamide derivatives, DTIC* and TIC† Mustard, in order to consider the effects of treatment and changing patterns of disease on the results of in vitro tests in individual patients. Microcytotoxicity assays and the dilute agar colony inhibition test were employed. Of the 12 patients, 8 had no change in CMR and 5 had no change in SBF. Three patients demonstrated a fall in both CMR and SBF to nondetectable levels, and 3 additional patients showed a fall in SBF only. From these results, we conclude that there is no significant.
The effect of short‐term cyclophosphamide on estrogen therapy in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Kennedy B. J. , Kiang David T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStimulation of tumor growth and induced hypercalcemia both may occur during the initiation of estrogen therapy in breast cancer. This study was conducted to determine whether cyclophosphamide (CTX) as an adjuvant to estrogen therapy might (1) prevent induced hypercalcemia or (2) achieve a higher tumoricidal effect during the phase of tumor stimulation.Fifty postmenopausal women with inoperable or recurrent disseminated breast carcinoma were divided into two random groups. Results could be evaluated in 44 patients; 21 received diethylstilbestrol (DES), and 23 received DES plus a 4‐week course of cyclophosphamide (DES + CTX). The response rate was 5/21 (24%) in the DES group and 8/23 (35%) in the DES + CTX group (p > 0.05). The median duration of response for both groups was 9 months. The survival rate at 24 months was 52% in the DES group and 25% in the DES + CTX group (p = 0.05). Induced hypercalcemia occurred in 3 patients treated with DES + CTX.Short‐term cyclophosphamide adjuvant to estrogen therapy did not prevent induced hypercalcemia nor prolong the duration of response or survival.
Hypocalcemia complicating acute leukemia
Authors: Alberts David S. , Serpick Arthur A. , Thompson W. Leigh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEighteen of 54 adults with acute leukemia developed severe hypocalcemia during a 20 month period. Hypocalcemia (mean lowest serum calcium 6.3 mg/100 ml with a range of 4.1 to 7.0 mg/100 ml) lasted 2‐29 days and was symptomatic in all but one patient. Six patients were hypocalcemic at the time of death, 5 died within 1 week of hypocalcemia, and 2 had antibiotic‐induced respiratory arrest. All patients had severe infections; 17 of 18 were with gram‐negative organisms. No patient had severe azotemia, diarrhea, alkalosis, or hypoalbuminemia. Hypophosphatemia was seen in 14 patients, suggesting no hypoparathyroidism. The serum calcium of patients with acute leukemia should be measured frequently, especially when they have infection. Hypocalcemia is a sign of poor prognosis and should signal the need for careful observation of ventilation, caution in the use of aminoglycoside antibiotics, and vigorous attempts at calcium administration.
The use of oral BCG in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma
Authors: Pritchard Kathleen I. , Cowan Donald H. , Baker Michael A. , Osoba David , Phillips Robert A. , Clark David A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study assesses the effects of oral BCG, as a single agent, on tumor progression and on cell‐mediated immune function in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma. Thirty patients were studied including 22 with measurable metastatic lesions and 8 with no detectable disease, following treatment of metastases by surgery, radiotherapy, or 5‐(3, 3‐dimethyl‐1‐triazeno)‐imidazole‐4‐carboxamide (DTIC DIC). Oral BCG was given in doses of 120–240 mg, 1–3 times per week for periods ranging from 9 to 80 weeks and to total doses of from 1.2 to 20.1 gm. Patients were assessed by direct measurements of tumor mass, PPD skin tests, and in vitro blastogenic responses to PPD and PHA. Of the 22 patients with measureable disease, 19 showed tumor progression and none showed regression of any lesion. Of the 8 without apparent disease, 5 remained stable and 3 had tumor recurrence. Of the total group of 30 patients, 8 showed some increased sensitivity to skin testing with PPD. Of 19 tested, 3 showed an increased PPD response in vitro, while 3 showed a decreased response. Six of 20 tested showed an increased PHA response in vitro. Oral BCG alone was not effective as an antitumor agent in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.
Clinical studies of β‐thioguanine deoxyriboside alone and in combination with arabinosyl cytosine
Authors: Bodey Gerald P. , McCredie Kenneth B. , Whitecar John P. , Freireich Emil J. 
Published: February 2007

Abstractβ‐thioguanine deoxyriboside (βTGdR) is a purine nucleoside derivative which was studied alone or in combination with arabinosyl cytosine (Ara‐C) in patients with solid tumors and acute leukemia. No significant responses were observed in 22 patients with solid tumors. The response rate with βTGdR alone in acute leukemia was 26% and in combination with Ara‐C was 24%. Responses were generally of short duration. Toxicity included myelosuppression, nausea, stomatitis, hyperpigmentation, photosensitivity, and liver function abnormalities.
Acute leukemia in burkitt lymphoma
Authors: Heideman Richard L. , Falletta John M. , Steuber C. Philip , Starling Kenneth A. , Rosenberg Harvey S. , Fernbach Donald J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBurkitt lymphoma uncommonly presents as acute leukemia. We describe the clinical course and findings of a 14‐year‐old female with Burkitt lymphoma who presented with acute leukemia, splenomegaly and an abdominal mass. She responded initially to prednisone alone and later achieved full remission with combination chemotherapy. Established morphologic criteria and clinical course were consistent with the diagnosis of Burkitt lymphoma (1), although B‐cell determinants were not present on her tumor cells.
Immunocompetence and prognosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Combination of two different maintenance therapies
Authors: Garay Guy E. , Pavlovsky Santiago , Sasiain María Del Carmen , Pizzolato Marco A. , Binsztein Norma , Eppinger‐Helft Mariana 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIntensive chemotherapy in patients with leukemia produces immunosuppression. The level of immunocompetence correlates with prognosis. The immunological function of 29 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in complete remission and on 2 different maintenance therapies was evaluated and compared with 16 normal children (Group A). Sixteen children (Group B) with ALL received 6 mercaptopurine (6MP) daily and methotrexate (MTX) twice a week, and 13 children (Group C) received 6MP and MTX weekly for maintenance.There was depression of both cellular immunity, measured by the number of T cells and skin tests, and humoral immunity, measured by number of B cells, primary antibody production to typhoid vaccine, and levels of immunoglobulins. However, continuous maintenance therapy (Group B) produced significantly more severe immunosuppression of cellular immunity than the intermittent therapy (Group C). Humoral immunity was equally depressed in both groups of leukemia patients, but was less altered than cellular immunity. Concomitantly, patients with intermittent maintenance chemotherapy had less hematologic depression, fewer episodes of infection, and fewer died in complete remission.Patients of both groups with higher levels of immunocompetence had better prognosis with longer duration of complete remission than patients with severe immunosuppression. Out of 6 patients with “favorable immunocompetence” only 1 relapsed at 7 months and the other 5 remain in complete remission from 8 to 31 months. Among 23 leukemic patients with “unfavorable immunocompetence,” 15 relapsed and 8 remain in complete remission from 9 to 26 months.
Cancer markers in patients receiving chemotherapy for colorectal cancer: A preliminary report
Authors: Bullen B. R. , Cooper E. H. , Turner R. , Neville A. M. , Giles G. R. , Hall R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe combination of CEA, hepatic function marker enzymes, and four acute phase reactant proteins (haptoglobin, α1 antitrypsin, α1 acid glycoprotein, and prealbumin) has been used to monitor patients with colorectal cancer receiving chemotherapy.In 18 patients with advanced lesions who survived at least 3 months treatment the markers predicted progression in 92% of 25 incidents of progression; the mean lead time was 2.8 months. A rising CEA was only present in 28%, but in these patients it gave a mean lead time of 4 months. In the group of 14 patients with minimal residual disease progression to clinically detectable disease has occurred in 9 of them. In these cases the markers predicted progression with a mean lead time of 6 months; in a further six patients the markers have indicated progression, but as yet their disease is not detectable, the mean lead time being at least 8.6 months. CEA and the liver enzyme markers are the most sensitive indicators of progression of the minimal residual disease group.