bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY STUDY OF THE THYMUS AT A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF NEPAL
Authors: Basnet Prabhat , Upadhyay Hari Prasad , Chaulagain Rajib 
Published: April 2024

Background: Thymus is a small, irregular shaped gland mainly concerned with immune function. Studies have shown that in different age groups and in genders, the morphology of thymus is variable. Hence this study was aimed to access the different shapes, size of thymus gland using Computed tomography scan.
Methods: The study was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in Department of Radiology and Imaging, College of medical sciences, Bharatpur, Nepal. This study was conducted for a period of three months among 104 patients. Computed tomography examination was conducted by the Toshiba 160 slice CT scanner with slice thickness of 1.5mm. Statistical analysis was done with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16. Only descriptive statistics were employed and the results were presented in tabular format.
Results: In total 104 patients participated in this study. The frequency of male was 39 (37.5%) and female 65 (62.5%). The mean age of patients was 55±15.1 years. The mean anteroposterior diameter in the male was 17.62±5.98 mm and in female it was 16.02±5.78 mm, similarly the transverse diameter in male was 30.85±11.85 and in female it was 28.80±10.23 mm. Triangular morphology was most common among both male and female with frequency of 31(79.5%) and 34(52.3%) respectively.
Conclusions: Thymus gland is slightly larger in males than females. From this study we can conclude that triangular thymic shape was most frequently observed morphological shape in both male and female.
CLINICAL PRESENTATION OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINITIS IN TERTIARY CARE CENTRE IN KATHMANDU
Authors: Amatya Riti 
Published: April 2024

Background: Cervical-vaginal infections are common problems in women of reproductive age groups. Trichomonas vaginalis is one of the major organisms causing vaginitis. Trichomonas vaginalis is an anerobic, flagellated protozoan. The main objective of this study was to study the clinical findings of women with Trichomonas vaginitis.
Methods: This was a hospital based descriptive study carried out in the Department of Pathology and Gynaecology of Nepal Medical College Teaching Hospital in one year (January- December 2020). A total of 163 Pap smear examination were included in study. Specimen were stained using conventional Papanicolaou method. After staining, slides were examined under the light microscopy. The cytological diagnosis was correlated with the clinical findings. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software version 16. Mean, Standard deviation, frequencies and percentages were calculated.
Results: A total of 163 cases were evaluated. The mean age of women who underwent Pap smear examination was 37.5 10.5 years. Out of 163 cases, there were 42 cases of Trichomonas vaginitis. The prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis was 25.8%. The common age group was 20 to 40 years. Most of the women were symptomatic (64.3%) while rest were asymptomatic (35.7%). Per vaginal discharge (35.7%) was the most common complain followed by vulval itching (16.7%).
Conclusions: Trichomonas vaginalis are commonly found in reproductive age group presented with clinical manifestations or may be asymptomatic at all too. Vaginal discharge is the commonest presentation.
WAITING TIME AMONG PATIENTS UNDERGOING EMERGENCY SURGERY IN A TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF NEPAL
Authors: Sharma G Ram Prasad , Chaudhary Kriti , Deo Gopendra Prasad , Timalsina Santhosh 
Published: April 2024

Background: Managing emergency surgical services and availing prompt treatment on time is one the most important aspects in the delivering quality healthcare services. Prior the average time waiting for emergency surgery from this healthcare setting is unknow. Therefore, this study was delineated to evaluate average waiting time among patients undergoing emergency surgery.
Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted at Chitwan Medical College from 15 March 2023 to 15 July 2023. Self -structured proforma was developed to document waiting time in each phase of delivering healthcare services, including triage time, consultation time, investigation order and report time, shifting the client from ER to OT for emergency surgery. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS 20, and were interpretated in terms of descriptive statistics.
Results: Among 122 cases, the longest waiting time was seen in oral maxi facial surgery with the average time 8 hours 27 minutes. The major surgeries had longest waited hours on an average 6 hours 19 minutes, compared to minor and intermediate surgeries. Overall, the average waiting time form patient admitted to emergency department to start of the surgery was found to be 4 hours 43 minutes.
Conclusions: In this study, the commonest delays were evidenced were, delay in transfer to pre-operative area, delay in second consultation, OT busy, and delay in providing consent and financial incapability. Further improvements can be done by analyzing root cause, modifying the system and formulating standard operating procedure and maintaining a tracking system of patients requiring emergency surgery.
Malware and Windows APIs: A Dangerous Duo
Authors: Muhammad Taseer Suleman  
Published: April 2024

This paper introduces its interaction with malware and Windows APIs (application programming
interface). The first section describes malware and investigates various types such as viruses, worms
and trojans, as well as provides a brief history of malware and its evolution. The second section
provides an overview of the Windows APIs. It shows how these interfaces allow software and
operating systems to communicate with each other. It also highlights the most commonly used
Windows APIs and their functions۔ The follow-up section explores how malware uses Windows
APIs for malicious purposes، Explains the common methods used by malware to communicate with
these interfaces۔ Includes real-world examples of malware attacks that use some Windows APIs. The
study then turns its attention to the Windows API security mechanism, given the security measures
taken by Windows to prevent the use of unauthorized APIs۔ The importance of user account control
(UAC) and various monitoring and access control systems has been highlighted. The next section
introduces the API Hoking and its application to malware. Which explains the strategies used by
malware to hook Windows APIs۔ The effects of API hooking and possible detection methods are also
discussed. This article provides an in-depth overview of real-world malware that exploits Windows
APIs through case studies and analysis. Notable malware analyzes examples using family and
API-based attacks۔ The article discusses security tools and ways to identify and block API-based
malware, as well as how to design secure programs with Windows APIs Suggestions for this have
also been discussed. Finally, malware tactics targeting Windows APIs discuss potential trends and
issues, as well as expected API security challenges in the Windows context. This study continues to
look at advances in Windows API security and their implications for malware prevention.
Cookie Hijacking: Privacy Risk
Authors: Kausar Parveen  
Published: April 2024

Users may accept more cookies than they require because of suspicious behavior in cookie claimers.
And, like, more than they even know. So, as we were measuring real behavior, we were also assessing
each of these components' effectiveness, correct? Learning about user opinions of those cookie
disclaimers and their entire process of deciding which cookies to accept or, like, reject, bro, was very
fascinating. So, guess what? We have conclusively shown that the various images associated with
the accept/reject option significantly influence the judgments made by consumers. You won't believe
it, but we also discovered that assigning a label to the rejected option has a really big impact. Further-
more, we have confirmed previous studies showing that, well, biased content doesn't actually have
a significant impact on customers' judgments. To sum up, black patterns in cookie disclaimers are
really important. Users are forced to accept more cookies than they really need, and decision-making
is greatly influenced by images and labels. Getting folks to accept those cookies is the main goal.
According to our research on user attitudes about cookie disclosures, the presence of the disclaimer
only slightly affects the way that various user types make decisions. We provide advice on how to
improve. Conditions that apply to different user groups.
Endohedral Fullerenes: From Exotic Chemical Bonding to Molecular Circuits
Authors: Jaroš Adam , Straka Michal 
Published: April 2024

Since their discovery, fullerenes represent a fascina­ting type of molecule with many unusual properties. One of these is the existence of a cavity into which other atoms and molecules can be enclosed to form the so-called endohedral fullerenes. In terms of fundamental research, endohedral fullerenes provide a platform for studying exotic chemical bonds between atoms enclosed inside the fullerene cage. At the same time, endohedral fullerenes also find practical applications, for example in solar cells, material science, electronics and molecular electronics. In this article, we review the research on exotic bonds in fullerenes and the use of fullerenes as molecular components.
Strong Willow Bark Brew
Authors: Jurášek Michal , Opletal Lubomír , Drašar Pavel 
Published: April 2024

The story of aspirin is exciting and complicated. We tried to decipher the role of the main characters, as well as a wide field of pharmacological roles of acetylsalicylic acid, a super-drug, which would not be approved by responsible institutions today but which is still one of the most used medicines on the Earth, as well as in the space (it was used by the astronauts in the Apollo project). Original literature sources were used as much as possible to clean up some misinformation around the topic. The authors are aware that Aspirin is a trademarked name but it has become "popular" in common human speech.
Full text English translation is available in the on-line version.
role of discursive structure in the genre specification of online discourses
Authors: Ballagó Júlia 
Published: April 2024

The paper starts with the assumption that each time people engage in discourses, they perform social actions in order to adaptively satisfy their communicative purposes and needs (cf. Verschueren–Brisard 2009; Steen 2011; Giltrow 2013). Moreover, these social actions form types in accordance with the typical co-occurrences of typical discourse situations involving typical roles, typical themes and typical communicative goals tar- geted by discourse participants (cf. Bakhtin 1986). These typical co-occurrences serve as ground for the functioning of genre knowledge and result in typical patterns of construal.
In this paper, I present a two-pronged empirical study that reveals the role of discursive structure in the creation of the genre-specific character of online discourses. By discursive structural units, I mean discourse segments (usually larger than one sentence but smaller than the entire discourse) used by the speaker to accomplish a communicative strategy aimed at achieving a more specific communicative purpose. During the research, I used two types of data. On the one hand, I compiled a research corpus consisting of 50 online recipes and 50 online book reviews in Hungarian. On the other hand, I conducted an experiment in which one group of Hungarian native speaker informants (25 persons) had to create a recipe for a good novel, while another group of informants (25 persons) had to write a review of a given recipe. The research thus focused on the genres of recipe and (book) review. I performed corpus-based qualitative analyses on both datasets using the MAXQDA software. After carefully developing a data-driven annotation system on a smaller pilot material, I systematically identified the communicative strategic units of both the non-elicited and the elicited dataset [cf. Swales’s (1990) move structure analysis]. The research findings are as follows: (i) Discursive structure formed by the speaker’s communicative strategies is a genre-marking quality of the online discourses under study. (ii) Recipes written by laypersons and professionals do not have a different discursive structure but the identified discursive structure is very clearly manifested. (iii) Book reviews written by lay readers differ significantly from those written by professional critics in terms of discursive structure and this sharp differentiation reveals a separation between two more specific genres, i.e. amateur book review and professional critique.
Carbon Footprint Assessment Based on Life Cycle Assessment of Biomass Power Plant
Authors: Kaewmanee Jutamas , Pradabphetrat Piyaruk , Rangpan Vichit 
Published: April 2024

This research aims to study the carbon footprint based on the life cycle assessment of biomass power plants. Covering the acquisition of raw materials to the end of the production process in biomass power plants (cradle to grave: C2G). The study proposes constructive ways to reduce the carbon footprint of biomass power plants. Conducted research consisting of 3 phases: phase 1, the rubber plantation process; phase 2, the rubber wood processing plant; and phase 3, the biomass power plant. Assessment of carbon footprint: following the principle of life cycle assessment, the results of the carbon footprint assessment found that in Phase 1, the process of growing rubber trees throughout the life cycle calculated the carbon footprint of the sample group as average greenhouse gas emissions from fresh rubber wood and combined with the average greenhouse gas emissions from rubber wood timbers of 1.1186 kgCO2eq per day. In phase 2, rubber wood processing plants throughout the life cycle have average greenhouse gas emissions of 15,319.11 kgCO2eq per day. In phase 3, biomass power plants electricity capacity is 9.9 MW per day, and their greenhouse gas emissions are 44,753.60 kg CO2eq per day. The result found that greenhouse gas emissions from biomass power plants per 1 kWh accounted for a carbon dioxide equivalent of 4.52 kgCO2eq. Calculate the predictor factors affecting the amount of greenhouse gases in biomass power plants in raw score form as Y = 373.516 +.082 (raw material quantity), where Y is the greenhouse gas emission (kgCO2eq), using the forecast equation in standard score form. With Z =.983raw material quantity3, It was found that the quantity of raw materials had a positive correlation with the quantity of greenhouse gases at a statistical significance of .01 with a correlation coefficient of .983, which could explain the variability of the variables of the quantity of greenhouse gases with 96.70 percent accuracy.
Enhancing Adaptive Pedagogical Content Development with ADDIE and Scrum in Hypermedia Environments
Authors: Chelliq Ikram  , Erradi Mohamed  , Khaldi Mohamed  
Published: April 2024

This article explores an innovative approach that combines the ADDIE and Scrum methodologies to develop pedagogical objects in adaptive hypermedia systems. The aim is to address the evolving needs of learners in a constantly changing learning environment. This integration provides increased flexibility, allowing for quick adjustments based on learners' requirements. It also promotes multidisciplinary collaboration, enhances pedagogical quality through regular reviews, maintains alignment with educational objectives, and ensures transparent quality management. The article presents an architecture tailored to this approach, highlighting key components to promote adaptability. It discusses future prospects for the implementation of this approach, including automation and the integration of artificial intelligence, thus opening up new possibilities for continuous improvement in adaptive education and learning.
Hemşirelik Alanında Terapötik Oyun ile İlgili Randomize Kontrollü Deneysel Tasarımla Yapılan Lisansüstü Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: Erkut Zeynep , Aközlü Zeynep 
Published: April 2024

Amaç: Bu çalışma ülkemizde hemşirelik alanında terapötik oyun ile ilgili randomize kontrollü deneysel tasarımla yapılmış lisansüstü tezleri incelemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Yöntem: Çalışma, betimsel tarama ve doküman incelemesi yöntemleri kullanılarak 1-30 Eylül 2023 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yükseköğretim Kurulu Başkanlığı Ulusal Tez Merkezi veri tabanında yer alan tarama seçeneği kullanılarak başlığında ve özetinde “terapötik oyun” anahtar kelimesi bulunan tezler için tarama yapılmıştır. Tarama neticesinde toplam 23 lisansüstü teze ulaşılmıştır. Çalışmada dâhil edilme kriterlerine uyan biri doktora, 14’ü yüksek lisans düzeyindeki toplam 15 tez incelenmiştir.
Bulgular: Tezlerin %86,6’sında (n=13) basit rastgele randomizasyon kullanıldığı, %20’sinde (n=3) kontrol grubu dışında iki müdahale grubunun yer aldığı ve %80’inde (n=12) en az iki farklı terapötik oyun materyali kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Tez çalışmalarının %86,6’sında oyuncak bebek, kukla, pelüş veya örgü insan-hayvan modellerinin kullanıldığı, %40’ında ise tıbbi malzemelerden yararlanıldığı saptanmıştır.
Sonuç: Tez çalışmaları incelendiğinde, terapötik oyun müdahalelerinin hastanede yatan çocukların anksiyete, korku ve ağrılarını azaltmada etkili olduğu, terapötik oyunun oyun dönemi ve adölesan dönemindeki çocuklarda hiç kullanılmadığı ve ebeveyn anksiyetesini ele alan çok az sayıda çalışma olduğu görülmüştür.
Strengthening Textual Production, Critical Thinking And Quantitative Reasoning In The Students Of The Popular University Of Cesar: A Transversal Approach From Language And Mathematics
Authors: Beleño Damaris Meza , Mojica Jader Enrique Esquivel , Palomino Lacides Alfonso Baleta , Duarte Caleb Rodríguez 
Published: April 2024

This article seeks to identify, through diagnosis, the process of textual production in the first semester students of the Chair of Communication and Writing of the Popular University of Cesar, through a transversal commitme[1]nt with the support of the professors of the mathematics and statistics program. Methodologically, we worked under Participatory Action Research, with a work unit of 8 students, an interview was used to evaluate the problem. Six pedagogical workshops were designed and developed called I Adapt My Creation, I Elaborate My Draft and I Express My Ideas, it was concluded that it was possible to verify that following the structure of a writers' workshop, implementing a work plan and carrying out a systematic follow-up of the work carried out by the students to write their life stories, Textual production, critical thinking and quantitative reasoning are strengthened, strengthening the writing skills required at the university level, as well as reasoning and critical thinking skills, impacting their academic performance and professional future.
ANÁLISE DAS CONDIÇÕES DE ESGOTAMENTO SANITÁRIO NA CIDADE DE MANAUS-AMAZONAS
Authors: Filho Elton Alves de Souza , Da Silva Mendonça Alves Samara Beatriz 
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo descrever a situação e as consequências causadas a saúde pública através do esgotamento sanitário na cidade de Manaus. As transformações vivenciadas desde o ciclo áureo da borracha perpassando ao advento da Zona Franca de Manaus, modificaram seus limites urbanos com o adensamento populacional desordenado e expansão dos limites da cidade sem planejamento e de forma desenfreada. A metodologia partiu do levantamento bibliográfico da situação histórica, atual e análise dos dados do Instituto Trata Brasil, oriundos do SNIS (Sistema Nacional de Informações do Saneamento) e sistema DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde para informações de saúde pública. Os resultados indicaram que a cidade está atualmente como uma das 100 (cem) piores do Brasil em esgotamento sanitário, expondo a população a casos de saúde pública decorrentes de doenças de veiculação hídrica e impactos no saneamento ambiental e nos igarapés da cidade, afetados pela poluição difusa e pontual através da contaminação das águas por lixo, esgoto doméstico, detergentes, efluentes industriais e metais pesados. Algumas melhorias foram denotadas, como investimentos em novas estações de tratamento de esgoto, aumento das interligações a rede de esgoto e fiscalização da concessionária de saneamento por agência reguladora própria.
A marginalização da cearensidade cultural popular
Authors: Silva Antonio Edson Alves da , Beserra Antonio Anderson da Silva 
Published: April 2024

Esta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, de procedimento bibliográfico e de caráter exploratório, objetiva investigar aspectos de cearensidade cultural popular na obra O País dos Mourões (1972), de Gerardo Mello Mourão, desdobrando-se em dois objetivos específicos: Definir cearensidade com base na evolução dos conceitos de cultura, com ênfase em sua manifestação popular e indicar trechos de cearensidade na obra de Gerardo. Assim, este trabalho justifica-se por estudar o escritor Gerardo Mello Mourão dentro da tradição literária cearense, proposta inovadora de análise da obra do poeta. Quanto à fundamentação, Catunda (1999) e Júnior (2016) alicerçam as discussões a respeito da vida e fortuna crítica do autor; além das postulações de Arantes (1990), Machado (2002) e Sampaio (2012) para os debates acerca de cultura e cearensidade, e, por fim, a própria obra em tela para o levantamento e análise do corpus deste estudo, dentre outras referências que norteiam e validam as problematizações teóricas levantadas durante a investigação. Pelas experiências vividas e narradas, especialmente no canto representado pela letra grega λ (p. 109-123), Gerardo explora a cearensidade herdada tanto na fisionomia quanto na cultura e no léxico do seu povo, o que evidencia sua naturalidade e sua identidade, tornando assim exequíveis futuras pesquisas em Literatura Cearense.
Gênero e experiências exílicas em Com armas sonolentas de Carola Saavedra
Authors: Marcari Maria de Fatima Alves de Oliveira , Duarte Giovanna de Oliveira Duarte 
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo tem como proposta analisar a representação das protagonistas femininas no romance Com armas sonolentas (2018) da escritora contemporânea Carola Saavedra, a partir da temática do exílio, da migrância e da errância. Pretende-se sobretudo analisar como a condição exílica afeta e contribui para a subalternização e a invisibilidade das subjetividades femininas, tomando como base o conceito definido por Nouss (2016) como ‘exiliência’, uma condição comum a todos os sujeitos que passam por deslocamentos, seja espacial ou subjetiva. São consideradas também as questões de gênero, raça e classe que permeiam a trajetória das personagens, a partir dos estudos de Adrienne Rich (2010), bell Hooks (1990) e Gloria Anzaldua (2000), dentre outras teóricas.