bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
National HRD: a new paradigm or reinvention of the wheel?
Authors: Wang Greg G. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze a new research topic, national human resource development (NHRD) for neglected but critical components of economics foundation and accumulated international development research and practices.Design/methodology/approachThrough a targeted literature review on NHRD writing, major development economics theory, and international development literatures, this study conducted a critical content analysis.FindingsThe findings in the paper are: current research on NHRD has not advanced our knowledge in economic development, human development, and human resource development under different cultural contexts; the HRD concept used by economists means human development (HD), the domain of HRD should not be extended to HD and HRD scholars should understand the different meaning of the same terms used in different fields determined by the contextual and historical background of the field; NHRD should be renamed as HRD national policy studies, and should be firmly based on economic foundation and incorporating accumulated knowledge in international development. Otherwise, the idea of NHRD is to reinvent the wheel with much less scholarly rigor.Research limitations/implicationsHRD research should be firmly based on its theoretical foundations and accumulated knowledge in other related areas. HRD should not define itself by a concept defined by another field, even with the same wording.Practical implicationsAs HRD national policy studies, HRD professionals may contribute economic development by analyzing HRD‐related policy implementation and propose policy recommendations by working with existing development communities.Originality/valueThis paper is important for HRD scholars to explore a new research and practice frontier. It calls attention to properly positioning HRD's role in national economic development and clarifies some misunderstandings in the NHRD literature.
A high‐throughput and design of experiment mediated optimization of pigment‐based ink formulations
Authors: Lopez Pedrosa Jose Maria , Bradley Mark 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a high‐throughput approach to optimize printing of pigment‐based formulations.Design/methodology/approachA total of 40 formulations were robotically prepared by varying the concentrations of diethyleneglycol, glycerol and surfynol. In addition, a variety of inkjet printer (process) variables (voltage, pulse width and frequency) was varied. The combined influence of these two sets of variables on printing performance were determined, analysed and optimised using the Statistical Software Package (MODDE 8), which uses multiple linear regression and partial least square analysis.FindingsThe components diethyleneglycol and surfynol were observed to predominantly control viscosity and surface tension of all formulations, which voltage and pulse width were found to be the main factors controlling the spread of the droplet on the substrate.Practical implicationsOptimisation of pigment‐based formulations has typically involved the one‐by‐one systematic variation of components in a stepwise manner. The work reported here allowed the generation of a robust model allowing the properties of any new formulation to be accurately predicted. Importantly, the experimental tools and methods developed can be applied quite generally to the preparation of any new formulation for inkjet printing application.Originality/valueExperimental design and high‐throughput technology allow new formulations to be accurately predicted for diverse inkjet applications.
The effects of organic additives on photochromism. Part I: the photochromic performance of (E)‐dicyclopropylmethylene‐(2,5‐dimethyl‐3‐furylethylidene)‐succinic anhydride and ferrocene containing dye doped in PMMA polymer film
Authors: Baghaffar G.A. , Asiri A.M. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeTo evaluate the photochromic performance of fulgide 1‐E with ferrocene in polymer matrices.Design/methodology/approachThe fulgide 1‐E with ferrocene dye 2 doped in polymethylmethacrylate was prepared and the effects of UV irradiation were studied using spectrophotometer. The reversible reaction was effected using white light. The effect of heat was also determined.FindingsA film of the brown coloured fulgide 1‐E with ferrocene doped in PMMA polymer was irradiated with ultraviolet light (365 nm), the film turned red. The later colour was partially switched back to the original brown colour when the film was irradiated with a white light. It was found that the rate constants of photocoloration reaction at initial stages are faster than those at late stages. Similarly, the photocoloration reaction was slower than the photobleaching reaction. Photocoloration reaction decreased with the increase of the annealing temperatures, but for photobleaching reaction, the rates were almost similar (at 46 and 82°C). The fatigue resistance of the film was greatly improved when the annealing temperature increased to 82°C.Research limitations/implicationsThe polymethylmethacrylate polymer doped photochromic fulgide 1‐E and ferrocene 2 described in the present paper was prepared and studied. The principle of study established can be applied to any type of polymer or to any type of photochromic compounds.Practical implicationsThe photochromic materials developed can be used for different applications, such as coatings and holography.Originality/valueThe method developed may be used to enhance the performance of photochromic materials.
Synthesis of ZnxMgyAl2O4 spinels for use in protective coatings
Authors: Veselý D. , Kalendová A. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the process of synthesizing lamellarly‐shaped anticorrosion pigments having a chemically active layer whose core consists of metal aluminium on which a thin spinel film is synthesised.Design/methodology/approachAnticorrosion pigments were synthesised by reaction of metal aluminium lamellar particles whose surface was oxidised to Al2O3 during the first stage and by subsequent reaction with ZnO and/or MgO at 800‐1,150°C producing a thin spinel layer that is chemically bonded to the metal core of the pigment particles. Core‐shell pigments including MgAl2O4/Al, Mg0.8Zn0.2Al2O4/Al, Mg0.6Zn0.4Al2O4/Al, Mg0.4Zn0.6Al2O4/Al, Mg0.2Zn0.8Al2O4/Al and ZnAl2O4/Al were synthesised. The prepared pigments were characterised by means of X‐ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The synthesised anticorrosion pigments were used to prepare epoxy coatings that were tested upon application for their anticorrosion properties and resistance against a chemical environment.FindingsThe lamellar shape of the particles, as well as good‐quality coverage with a thin spinel layer, was identified in the prepared pigments. All of the synthesised pigments exhibit good anticorrosion efficiency in epoxy coatings. Compared to lamellar kaolin and metal core of aluminium without coverage, the protective function of the synthesised pigments in coatings is demonstrably better.Practical implicationsThe synthesised pigments find convenient applications in coatings protecting metal bases from corrosion.Originality/valueSynthesis of a spinel layer on the metal core of aluminium is a novel method; so is the application of these substances in coatings designed for the protection of metals from corrosion. Of great benefit is the fact that the synthesised pigments are free of any substances harmful to the environment.
Inhibition of steel corrosion in HCl media by phosphite compound
Authors: Herrag L. , Hammouti B. , Elkadiri S. , El Bali B. , Lachkar M. , Ouarsal R. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the inhibitive effect of the phosphite NaCo(H2PO3)3•H2O (PhCo) for the corrosion of mild steel in HCl solutions. The study is another trial to find a mineral inhibitor for mild steel corrosion.Design/methodology/approachThe inhibitory effect has been evaluated by gravimetric and polarisation techniques at various temperatures. The type of adsorption inhibition and adsorption and kinetic data are determined.FindingsResults show that PhCo inhibits the corrosion of steel in acidic solution. The inhibition efficiency at 308 K increases with the inhibitor concentration to reach 96 per cent for 10−4 M, and then decreases at higher temperatures. Kinetic parameters such as Ea, ΔHa ∘ and ΔSa ∘ were calculated. The adsorption of inhibitor obeys the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters of adsorption including ΔGad, ΔHad, ΔSad, and Keq(ad) were calculated in the presence of inhibitor.Research limitations/implicationsElectrochemical studies (polarization method) show the partial action of inhibitor on anodic and cathodic reactions of the corrosion inhibition.Practical implicationsThe efficiency of the tested phosphite increases with its concentration to reach 96 per cent. It can be used in chemical cleaning and pickling processes at moderate temperature.Originality/valueThis paper reveals the possible application of phosphites as environmentally valid inhibitors for corrosion under the specified conditions.
The consumer's expectation formation process over time
Authors: Licata Jane W. , Chakraborty Goutam , Krishnan Balaji C. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis research seeks to examine how the expectation process and its components evolve over time and purchase experience.Design/methodology/approachA longitudinal study was conducted over the period of one year using a sample of university students who were purchasing an undergraduate education. The sample was surveyed three times over the year. Structural equation analyses and regression were used to test various research hypotheses.FindingsKey findings include confirming two significantly different levels of expectations: a lower, predictive “will” level and a higher normative “should” level. Expectation antecedents change in their degree of influence on expectations, weakening over time and service purchase experience.Research limitations/implicationsThere is a need to extend the results to other service contexts.Practical implicationsThe consumer's expectation formation process changes over service purchase experience, thus indicating a need to segment on experience with the service firm.Originality/valueThe application of an expectation formation process to a longitudinal study provides the first partnership of the theoretically‐based model and longitudinal methodology.
Professional service firms entering emerging markets: the role of network relationships
Authors: Freeman Susan , Sandwell Mark 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify key barriers to internationalisation in emerging markets (EMs) for professional service firms (PSFs) from developed markets and to explain how PSFs use social networks to participate within EMs of Asia and overcome these barriers. The paper aims to provide a framework of this process.Design/methodology/approachA case‐based research design is used to explore key professional service industries (legal, media consulting and financial), providing three case studies, in a developed market (Australia) that are expanding rapidly into EMs (Thailand, Malaysia, and Vietnam) of Asia.FindingsThe elements of orientating, positioning and timing were identified as critical in the context of foreign entry, with the network perspective providing a useful theoretical explanation of this process and underpinning the conceptual framework. Key barriers to internationalisation in EMs for PSFs from developed markets are identified: face‐to‐face communication, language, cultural, work practices and government regulations. How PSFs use social networks to participate within EMs of Asia to overcome these barriers reveal that social network elements are critical to FME specifically into EMs: orientation, positioning and time.Research limitations/implicationsWhile the conceptual framework of key barriers and how PSF overcame them is theoretically supported by the findings, the framework could be tested more appropriately through an extended number of cases prior to a survey to provide generalizability.Practical implicationsSocial networks were used by managers of PSFs to secure market knowledge and to act as a basis for strategic decision making, with foreign network actors a key influence in the foreign market entry process.Originality/valueThe paper provides a framework for identifying key barriers to internationalisation in EMs for PSFs.
Using question order for predictive service quality measures
Authors: DeMoranville Carol W. , Bienstock Carol C. , Judson Kim 
Published: May 2008

PurposePrevious research shows that question order affects responses, but does not indicate which order is more accurate. This study aims to examine the effect of three question orders on measurements of SERVQUAL and global quality in an effort to determine which order produced the most predictive measures.Design/methodology/approachThree forms of a survey were randomly distributed to users of different services; banking, dental services, and hair salons. Correlation with intention of future interaction was used to identify the order that resulted in the most predictive quality measure.FindingsThe paper finds that correlations with intention of future interaction were highest for SERVQUAL in the global‐SERVQUAL order, but highest for the global quality measure in the random order.Research limitation/implicationsThis study indicates that practitioners and academicians should order questionnaire items differently depending on how the results will be used and which type of measure, specific or global service quality, is the focus of a questionnaire. Generalizations are limited to SERVQUAL and multiple item measures of service quality.Practical implicationsThe findings indicate which of several question orders can be used to generate the most predictive measures of SERVQUAL and global service quality.Originality/valuePrevious research has examined measurement effects of specific‐general question orders, without indicating which order is most predictive. This study includes a random order and also suggests appropriate item order for predictive measures.
Information and source preferences of a student market in higher education
Authors: Bonnema J. , Van der Waldt D.L.R. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeMarketing communication practitioners in higher education have not yet identified specific subgroups with similar characteristics within the prospective student (target) market, and do not always know which preferred sources learners consult when deciding on a tertiary institution for further or higher education. In addition, little is known about prospective students' information needs when deciding which institution to attend. As a result many tertiary institutions still use one message in one medium for all target markets. The aims of this paper are: to determine if sub‐groups exist within the student recruitment market that need tailor made persuasive messages; to determine the preferred sources of information gathering for prospective students that influences their choice of tertiary institution; and to determine the information needs of prospective students that influence their decisions to select an institution of higher education.Design/methodology/approachA stratified random sample of 19 schools was drawn, from which a total of 716 successfully completed questionnaires were used to conduct factor and cluster analyses to determine information needs and source preferences of these respondents.FindingsTen factors under the VARCLUS procedure with high eigen values were grouped together with the following labels: university, college, employability aspects, course content, student experience, sporting aspects, financial aspects, direct sources, media sources and social sources. Five sub‐groups clustered together with the K‐means analysis, labelled: have lots, aspiring have lots, little direction and new lifers.Research limitations/implicationsA limited amount of literature is available on the current use of media and sources by the target market. Decisions on the choice of a tertiary institution for higher education are most probably influenced by socio‐economic circumstances in a developing context, like South Africa.Practical implicationsAn integrated and well co‐ordinated media and message strategy for each of the various sub‐groups should be specified for an IMC plan to be successful.Originality/valueThis is one of the few research articles on media and source preferences of potential students in the Cape Metropolitan. The cluster analysis revealed five clusters of sub‐groups that have specific media and source needs to make the decision on furthering studies at tertiary level.
Marketing mix formulation for higher education
Authors: Ho Hsuan‐Fu , Hung Chia‐Chi 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine how a graduate institute at National Chiayi University (NCYU), by using a model that integrates analytic hierarchy process, cluster analysis and correspondence analysis, can develop effective marketing strategies.Design/methodology/approachThis is primarily a quantitative study aimed at developing a marketing mix for a graduate institute at NCYU in Taiwan. A survey using stratified random sampling was conducted, with 14 universities from four different areas in Taiwan randomly selected for the study. Two questionnaires were conducted: a Likert's five‐scale questionnaire regarding school images and an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) questionnaire regarding school selection factors were administered to 640 undergraduate students. Of the total number of questionnaires, 602 (94 percent) valid school image questionnaires and 570 (89 percent) valid school selection factors questionnaires were used.FindingsThe results of AHP revealed that the five most important factors for students' school selection were: employability, curriculum, academic reputation, faculty, and research environment. The results of clustering analysis identified five student groups for market segmentation, and they are the Prominence group, the Less aware group, the Pragmatic group, the Austerity group, and the Fastidious group. Finally, the results of correspondence analysis suggested that students of the Pragmatic Group are more likely to be attracted by NCYU, and also, students perceived NCYU to be strongly associated with lower tuition, fewer entrance‐exam subjects, lower entrance‐exam pass rates, and easier graduation requirements.Research limitations/implicationsIt would be better to conduct a factor analysis before using AHP.Practical implicationsParticularly, NCYU should establish new curricula relevant to internationalization, develop curricula in school finance and educational economics, and form study groups to enhance graduating student employment opportunities. Generally, higher educational institutions may adopt the research model developed in this study to develop their marketing mix for better results.Originality/valueThis paper documents research that was the first to integrate AHP, cluster analysis, and correspondence analysis in developing a marketing mix for higher educational institutions.
The relevance of aggression and the aggression of relevance
Authors: Lowrie Anthony 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate how language functions to construct relevance at moments of articulation and how language functions as an aggressive marketing practice to promote a self‐regulated (production‐oriented) system of accreditation.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the political theory of Laclau and Lacanian psychoanalytical theory of desire and aggressivity, a linguistic case study is used to illustrate the construction and promotion of accreditation and relevance.FindingsAggressive competitive behavior in the area of higher education accreditation sets up inter‐institutional antagonisms at the local and global level which may prove socially divisive and restrict the distribution of knowledge for the social good with the possible implication of restricting economic growth for competitively weaker countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe micro analysis of language restricts the size of the data set considered in a single article.Practical implicationsStakeholders of higher education institutions may wish to consider the strategic implications of accreditation beyond inter‐institution rivalry.Originality/valueMethodologically, this paper provides an innovative application of political, psychoanalytical and linguistic theory. Empirically, the paper provides new insights into the accreditation of higher education.
Mothering or auditing? The case of two Big Four in France
Authors: Dambrin Claire , Lambert Caroline 
Published: May 2008

PurposeWomen in public accounting firms are still proportionally much fewer in number in the highest levels of the hierarchy than men, whereas recruitment at junior level tends to be increasingly gender‐balanced. This paper aims to analyse the relationships between the glass ceiling and motherhood. The mechanisms explaining the difficulties encountered by auditor mothers in their hierarchical progression within the Big Four in France are identified.Design/methodology/approachFrom 24 interviews with male and female auditors of various hierarchical levels, one seeks to reveal the specificity of the difficulties encountered by auditor mothers.FindingsIt is argued that, throughout their careers, they are confronted with a dilemma that often leads to their being excluded and excluding themselves from the group of “those who may become partners”. It is shown that public accounting firms place both implicit and explicit obstacles in their way, tied to a desire to neutralise the effects, deemed costly, of motherhood. Moreover, the expectations of the organisation and society as a whole conflict on many points and confront female auditors with a dilemma: how to be a good mother and have a bright career? It appears that women who want to better manage this dilemma shape working practices imposed on the whole team and implement tactics to adapt their work‐life balance (specialisation and lateral move to staff departments). This leads to individual trajectories that break out of the organisational model and account for the scarcity of women in the upper management levels in audit firms.Originality/valueThe paper gives voice to male auditors and shows that managing the professional life/private life dilemma is difficult for fathers as well as mothers, in the long term. Moreover, rather than thinking in terms of horizontal and vertical segregations, this paper invites one to question the concept of the glass ceiling and consider the construction of the scarcity of women in the accounting profession.
Moving the gender agenda or stirring chicken's entrails?
Authors: Haynes Kathryn 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to critique recent research on gender and accounting to explore how feminist methodology can move on and radicalise the gender agenda in the accounting context.Design/methodology/approachAfter examining current research on gender and accounting, the paper explores the nature of feminist methodology and its relation to epistemology. It explores three inter‐related tenets of feminist methodology in detail: power and politics, subjectivity and reflexivity.FindingsThe paper suggests that much research in the accounting is concerned with gender‐as‐a‐variable, rather than being distinctly feminist, thus missing the opportunity to radicalise the agenda. It makes suggestions for how a feminist approach to methodology could be applied to the accounting context.Originality/valueThe paper calls for a wider application of a feminist approach to accounting research and gives suggestions as to where this might be applied.