bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a and recombinant human interferon alfa-B/D hybrid against bovine viral diarrhea virus, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, and vesicular stomatitis virus in vitro
Authors: Peek Simon F. , Bonds Michael D. , Gangemi David G. , Thomas Chester B. , Schultz Ronald D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate cytotoxicity and antiviral activity of recombinant human interferon alfa-2a and recombinant human interferon alfa-B/D hybrid against cytopathic and noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (IBRV), and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in vitro.Sample population—Primary bovine testicular cells and Mardin Darby bovine kidney cells.Procedures—To evaluate cytotoxicity, cells were added to serial dilutions of each interferon. To evaluate antiviral activity of each interferon, interferons were serially diluted 1:10, and tissue culture cells were added; virus was then added at 3 time points. Prevention of viral infection by interferon was defined as failure to induce cytopathologic effect for VSV, IBRV, and cytopathic BVDV and failure to detect virus immunohistochemically for cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV.Results—No evidence of cytotoxicity in either cell line was detected after incubation with interferon alfa- 2a or interferon alfa-B/D. However, reduced growth rates of tissue culture cells were detected for each interferon when undiluted interferon was tested. Comparable and profound antiviral activities against cytopathic and noncytopathic BVDV were evident for each interferon. Interferon alfa-2a and interferon a-B/D had comparable antiviral activities against VSV. Neither interferon had antiviral activity against IBRV.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The safety and marked in vitro antiviral activity against noncytopathic BVDV, cytopathic BVDV, and VSV suggest that interferons alfa-2a and alfa-B/D may be useful for treatment of natural disease after infection with these viruses. (Am J Vet Res2004;65:871–874)
Pathologic changes in grossly normal menisci in dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Jackson Joshua , Vasseur Philip B. , Griffey Stephen , Walls Charles M. , Kass Philip H. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine whether histopathologic changes are detectable in grossly normal medial menisci from dogs with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL).Design—Case series.Sample Population—40 medial menisci from dogs with rupture of the CCL and 20 medial menisci from control dogs without stifle joint disease.Procedure—Data evaluated included age, duration of clinical signs, and whether rupture of the CCL was complete or incomplete. Three groups (n = 20/group) were also compared on the basis of 5 histologic criteria; group-1 menisci appeared grossly normal and were obtained from dogs with naturally occurring rupture of the CCL, group-2 menisci were grossly abnormal and were also obtained from dogs with naturally occurring CCL ruptures, and group-3 menisci were collected at postmortem from dogs without stifle joint disease that were of similar age and weight as dogs in groups 1 and 2.Results—Group-2 menisci were significantly different from group-1 and -3 menisci in all histologic criteria. Group-1 menisci were significantly different from control menisci in only 1 of the 5 histologic criteria (cartilage differentiation). Dogs that were ≥ 3 years old had significantly more surface cellularity than did dogs that were < 3 years old. A significant difference was not detected between groups 1 and 2 with regard to completeness of rupture.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Histologic changes in meniscal cartilage correlate with gross appearance of the cartilage at time of surgery for rupture of the CCL. On the basis of minimal histologic changes, routine removal of grossly normal menisci does not appear to be warranted. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1281–1284)
Mammary duct ectasia in dogs: 51 cases (1992–1999)
Authors: Miller Margaret A. , Kottler Stephanie J. , Cohn Leah A. , Johnson Gayle C. , Kreeger John M. , Pace Lanny W. , Ramos-Vara José A. , Turk James R. , Turnquist Susan E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the clinical and pathologic characteristics of mammary duct ectasia in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—51 dogs with mammary duct ectasia.Procedure—Information regarding body condition, history, number and location of affected mammary glands, appearance of lesions, surgical treatment, nonsurgical treatment, and evidence of recurrence or development of mammary neoplasia was obtained from surveys sent to referring veterinarians. Results of information from examination of histologic sections and referring veterinarians were evaluated for all mammary duct ectasia biopsies performed between 1992 and 1999.Results—Duct ectasia was the primary diagnosis in 51 of 1,825 (2.8%) mammary biopsy specimens and comprised 48% of nonneoplastic mammary diseases. Affected dogs were evenly distributed over a range of 1 to 13 years of age, with a mean age at the time of diagnosis of 6.1 ± 3.1 years. All dogs were female (31 sexually intact, 20 spayed); 10 of 26 had whelped. Duct ectasia was described as nodular (26 dogs), cystic (13), and multiglandular (11) and located in caudal (31) more often than cranial (14) or middle glands (10). Ectasia recurred in 3 dogs. One dog had a history of previously excised mammary adenocarcinoma; another subsequently developed mammary carcinoma.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Duct ectasia affected mature, sexually intact and spayed female dogs over a wide age range. Certain breeds were affected more commonly than expected. Increased risk for mammary neoplasia was not evident. Duct ectasia should be considered as a cause for mammary enlargement, especially in young dogs or when its cystic nature is evident. Mastectomy is usually curative, and neoplasia should be ruled out in dogs with ectasia. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1303–1307)
Association of herd productivity and bulk-tank somatic cell counts in US dairy herds in 1996
Authors: Ott Stephen L. , Novak P. Raven 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To assess the association of bulk-tank somatic cell counts (BTSCC) and the value of herd productivity (milk produced, calves born, and net costs for cow replacements) in US dairy herds in 1996.Design—Randomized stratified national survey of dairy producers.Sample Population—Records from 1,219 dairy herds in the top 20 dairy states.Procedure—Responses for 1,178 herds had complete information for economic analysis. Per-cow value of production was determined for each herd. Data for herds with high (≥ 400,000 cells/ml) and medium (200,000 to 399,999 cells/ml) BTSCC were compared with values for herds with low BTSCC (< 200,000 cells/ml), using a multivariable regression model.Results—In 1996, milk was priced at $0.287/kg ($13/cwt). Herds with low BTSCC annually generated $103.90/cow more in herd productivity than herds with medium BTSCC and $292.39/cow more than herds with high BTSCC.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Increased BTSCC (> 200,000 cells/ml) were associated with a reduced value of productivity per cow. Thus, dairy producers have a financial incentive to seek out and implement cost-effective management practices that will enable them to decrease their BTSCC to < 200,000 cells/ml and maximize herd productivity. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1325–1330)
Use of carboplatin for treatment of dogs with malignant melanoma: 27 cases (1989–2000)
Authors: Rassnick Kenneth M. , Ruslander David M. , Cotter Susan M. , Al-Sarraf Renee , Bruyette David S. , Gamblin Rance M. , Meleo Karelle A. , Moore Antony S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate response rate and duration of malignant melanomas in dogs treated with carboplatin.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—27 client-owned dogs with spontaneously occurring measurable malignant melanomas.Procedure—Records of dogs with melanomas treated with carboplatin from October 1989 to June 2000 were reviewed. Carboplatin was administered IV at doses of 300 or 350 mg/m2of body surface area. Response to treatment and evidence of drug toxicity were determined.Result—Response to treatment could be evaluated in 25 dogs. Of those, overall response rate was 28%. One dog had a complete response, 6 (24%) dogs had a partial response (> 50% reduction in tumor burden). Median duration of partial response was 165 days. Eighteen dogs had stable disease (n = 9; 36%) or progressive disease (9; 36%). Response to treatment was significantly associated with carboplatin dose on a milligram per kilogram basis (15.1 mg/kg [6.9 mg/lb] of body weight vs 12.6 mg/kg [5.7 mg/lb]). Evidence of gastrointestinal toxicosis could be assessed in 27 dogs. Mean body weight of 5 dogs that developed gastrointestinal toxicosis was significantly less than that of 22 dogs without gastrointestinal toxicosis (9.9 kg [21.8 lb] vs 19.3 kg [42.5 lb]).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Carboplatin had activity against macroscopic spontaneously occurring malignant melanomas in dogs and should be considered as an adjunctive treatment for microscopic local or metastatic tumors. Gastrointestinal toxicosis was associated with body weight. Because small dogs are more likely to have adverse gastrointestinal effects, gastrointestinal protectants should be considered for these patients. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:1444–1448)
Comparison of results of thoracic radiography, cytologic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and histologic evaluation of lung specimens in dogs with respiratory tract disease: 16 cases (1996–2000)
Authors: Norris Carol R. , Griffey Stephen M. , Samii Valerie F. , Christopher Mary M. , Mellema Matthew S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare results of thoracic radiography, cytologic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and histologic evaluation of biopsy and necropsy specimens in dogs with respiratory tract disease and to determine whether histologic evaluation provides important diagnostic information not attainable by the other methods.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—16 dogs.Procedure—BAL fluid was classified as normal, neutrophilic, eosinophilic, mononuclear, mixed, neoplastic, or nondiagnostic. Radiographic abnormalities were classified as interstitial, bronchial, bronchointerstitial, or alveolar. Histologic lesions were classified as inflammatory, fibrotic, or neoplastic, and the predominant site of histologic lesions was classified as the alveoli, interstitium, or airway.Results—The predominant radiographic location of lesions correlated with the histologic location in 8 dogs. Of 11 dogs with histologic evidence of inflammatory disease, 8 had inflammatory BAL fluid. Of the 2 dogs with histologic evidence of neoplasia, 1 had BAL fluid suggestive of neoplasia, and the other had BAL fluid consistent with septic purulent inflammation. Two dogs without any histologic abnormalities had mononuclear or nondiagnostic BAL fluid. Two dogs with histologic evidence of fibrosis had mononuclear or mixed inflammatory BAL fluid.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that although thoracic radiography, cytologic evaluation of BAL fluid, and histologic evaluation of lung specimens are complementary, each method has limitations in regard to how well results reflect the underlying disease process in dogs with respiratory tract disease. Lung biopsy should be considered in cases where results of radiography and cytology are nondiagnostic. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218: 1456–1461)
Effects of parenteral administration of doramectin or a combination of ivermectin and clorsulon on control of gastrointestinal nematode and liver fluke infections and on growth performance in cattle
Authors: Loyacano Alvin F. , Skogerboe Terry L. , Williams James C. , DeRosa Andy A. , Gurie Jeffery A. , Shostrom Valerie K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare effects of an injectable doramectin preparation with those of an injectable ivermectin-clorsulon preparation on control of gastrointestinal nematodes and liver flukes and on growth performance in cattle.Design—Randomized complete block design.Animals—60 crossbred calves.Procedures—Calves (20/treatment group) were treated with doramectin or ivermectin-clorsulon or were not treated. Fecal samples were collected for nematode andFasciola hepaticaegg counts on day 0 and for up to 140 days after treatment. Cattle were weighed before treatment and at 28-day intervals until day 140.Results—From day 7 through day 49, nematode egg counts for calves treated with doramectin or with ivermectin- clorsulon were significantly lower than those for untreated control calves. As the study progressed beyond day 56, the percentages of cattle with fluke eggs in their feces increased, but differences in regard to these percentages were not detected among the 3 groups. Average daily gain for the doramectin-treated cattle (0.79 kg/d [1.74 lb/d]) was significantly greater than that for the cattle treated with ivermectin-clorsulon (0.71 kg/d [1.56 lb/d]); values for both groups were significantly greater than that for the control cattle (0.62 kg/d [1.37 lb/d]).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that doramectin had a greater impact on subclinical gastrointestinal tract parasitism in calves, as demonstrated by growth performance, than did ivermectin- clorsulon. In the Gulf Coast region of the United States, spring-born nursing beef calves may have minimal grazing exposure toF hepaticaduring the peak fluke transmission period; therefore, mature fluke burdens may be negligible at the beginning of the fall season. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218: 1465–1468)
Predicting behavioral changes associated with age-related cognitive impairment in dogs
Authors: Bain Melissa J. , Hart Benjamin L. , Cliff Kelly D. , Ruehl William W. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To monitor the progression of age-related
behavioral changes in dogs during a period of 6 to 18
months and to determine whether signs of dysfunction
in any of 4 behavioral categories can be used to
predict further impairment.

Design—Age-stratified cohort study.

Animals—63 spayed female and 47 castrated male
dogs 11 to 14 years of age.

Procedure—Data were collected from randomly
selected dog owners who were interviewed by telephone
twice at a 12- to 18-month interval; data were
included if the dog had lived ≥ 6 months between interviews.
The interview focused on signs of impairment
in the following behavioral categories: orientation in the
home and yard, social interactions with human family
members, house training, and the sleep-wake cycle.
Dogs were determined to have impairment in 0 behavioral
categories (on the basis of ≤ 1 sign for each category),
impairment in 1 category (≥ 2 signs of dysfunction
in that category), or impairment in ≥ 2 categories.

Results—Between interviews, 22% (16/73) of dogs
that did not have impairment in a category at the time of
the first interview developed impairment in that category
by the time of the second interview. Forty-eight percent
(13/27) of dogs that had impairment in 1 category
at the time of the first interview developed impairment
in ≥ 2categories by the time of the second interview and
were significantly more likely to develop impairment in ≥
2 categories, compared with dogs that initially had
impairment in 0 categories. Dogs with 1 sign of dysfunction
in orientation were significantly more likely to
develop impairment in that category, compared with
dogs that had 0 signs of dysfunction in orientation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Age-related
behavioral changes in dogs are progressive. Clinicians
should consider trying to predict which dogs are most
likely to become progressively impaired during the
subsequent 6 to 18 months. (J Am Vet Med Assoc
2001;218:1792–1795)
Epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure in a rapid-onset disaster
Authors: Heath Sebastian E. , Voeks Susan K. , Glickman Larry T. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe epidemiologic features of pet evacuation failure after a hazardous chemical spill in which residents had no warning and only a few hours notice to evacuate.Design—Cross-sectional study.Sample Population—Pet-owning households that evacuated from a hazardous chemical spill with (n = 119) or without (122) their pets.Procedures—Evacuees were surveyed by mail.Results—261 of 433 (60.3%) dogs and cats in 241 households were not evacuated. Of the 241 households, 119 (49.4%) evacuated with their pets, 98 (40.7%) evacuated without them but later attempted to rescue them, and 24 (10.0%) neither evacuated their pets nor attempted to rescue them. Pet evacuation failure was most common in households that thought the evacuated area was safe for pets. Risk of pet evacuation failure increased in households with many animals, low pet attachment and commitment scores, and low levels of preparedness. Cat evacuation failure was associated with not having cat carriers. Nearly 80% of households that evacuated with their pets found accommodation with friends and family.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Pet evacuation failure was common and jeopardized pets' health and well-being. Logistical challenges to transporting pets were substantial contributors to pet evacuation failure, whereas not knowing where to house a pet was only a minor concern. Most pet owners seemed self-reliant and acted appropriately towards their pets. Such self-reliant behavior by pet owners should be encouraged prior to disasters as part of an evacuation plan for households. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001; 218:1898–1904)
Comparison of in-hospital versus 24-hour ambulatory electrocardiography for detection of ventricular premature complexes in mature Boxers
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Spier Alan W. , Wright Nicola A. , Hamlin Robert L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the use of in-hospital electrocardiography (ECG) for detection of ventricular premature complexes (VPC), compared with 24-hour ambulatory ECG.Design—Original study.Animals—188 Boxers > 9 months old; 31 had a history of syncope, and 157 were healthy (no history of syncope).Procedure—In-hospital ECG was performed on all Boxers for at least 2 minutes. Within 7 days after the in-hospital ECG was completed, 24-hour ambulatory ECG was performed.Results—The specificity of in-hospital ECG was 100% for the detection of at least 50 VPC in a 24-hour period in dogs with syncope and 93% in healthy dogs. In-hospital ECG had poor sensitivity, although sensitivity increased as the number of VPC per 24 hours increased.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of in-hospital ECG is highly specific for detection of at least 50 VPC during a 24-hour period. However, in-hospital ECG is insensitive, and a lack of VPC does not suggest that the dog does not have a substantial number of VPC during that same period. The use of in-hospital ECG appears to be inadequate for screening purposes and therapeutic evaluations in mature Boxers with ventricular arrhythmic disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:222–224)
Clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy in Great Danes and results of a pedigree analysis: 17 cases (1990–2000)
Authors: Meurs Kathryn M. , Miller Matthew W. , Wright Nicola A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical features of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) in Great Danes and to determine whether DCM is familial in this breed.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—17 Great Danes with DCM.Procedure—Medical records of Great Danes in which DCM was diagnosed on the basis of results of echocardiography (fractional shortening < 25%, endsystolic volume index > 30 ml/m2of body surface area) were reviewed. Pedigrees were obtained for affected animals, as well as for other Great Danes in which DCM had been diagnosed.Results—Dilated cardiomyopathy appeared to be familial and was characterized by ventricular dilatation, congestive heart failure (left-sided or biventricular), and atrial fibrillation. Pedigree analysis suggested that DCM was inherited as an X-linked recessive trait, but the mode of inheritance could not be definitively identified.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that DCM may be an X-linked recessive trait in Great Danes. Thus, dogs with DCM probably should not be used for breeding, and female offspring of affected dogs should be used cautiously. Male offspring of affected females are at an increased risk of developing DCM and should be evaluated periodically for early signs of disease. Results of pedigree analysis were preliminary and should be used only as a guide for counseling breeders, rather than as a basis for making breeding decisions. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:729–732)
Clinical outcome and diseases associated with extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis in cats: 104 cases (1991–1999)
Authors: Lucroy Michael D. , Madewell Bruce R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To describe diseases, prognosis, and clinical outcomes associated with extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis in cats.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—104 cats with extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis.Procedure—Medical records from 1991 to 1999 were examined to identify cats that had ≥ 50,000 WBC/µl with ≥ 50% neutrophils. Signalment, absolute and differential WBC counts, rectal temperature, clinical or pathologic diagnosis, duration and cost of hospitalization, and survival time were reviewed.Results—Mean age of cats was 8.3 years, mean WBC count was 73,055 cells/µl, and mean absolute neutrophil count was 59,046 cells/µl. Mean duration of hospitalization was 5.9 days, and mean cost of hospitalization was $2,010. Twenty-nine (28%) cats were febrile, and 63 (61%) cats died. Overall median survival time was 30 days. Cats with neoplasia were nearly 14 times as likely to die unexpectedly as cats with other diseases.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis was associated with a high mortality rate. The prognostic importance of extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis should not be overlooked. Cats and dogs have similar diseases, mortality rates, and treatment costs associated with extreme neutrophilic leukocytosis. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:736–739)