bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Knowing the Heart Sūtra by Heart
Authors: O'Leary Joseph 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe current situation of Christian faith lends a new attraction to the Mahāyāna doctrine that nothing has substantial being and that language and religions are radically conventional constructions, to be handled skillfully with a new art of judgement. We can bring a hermeneutics of the heart to bear on the doctrine of emptiness if we note how, in the Heart Sūtra, it is voiced by the bodhisattva of compassion. The wisdom of emptiness takes form as a way of life devoted to the liberation of suffering beings. When we muse long on this alien text, we are surprised to find something familiar at its heart, the dynamic of saving love that is central to the Gospel.
Pure Perception and Equanimity of Heart
Authors: Makransky John 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWhat follows are excerpts from Awakening through Love: Unveiling Your Deepest Goodness (Wisdom Publications, August 2007). In the book, Tibetan Buddhist meditations are adapted to make them accessible to people of all backgrounds and faiths. The book is intended for those interested not just in reading about Buddhist ideas but also in using the meditations to explore how Buddhists understand pure perception and experience unconditional love, compassion, and wisdom. Readers of all faiths are encouraged to see how their experience of these meditations might shed light on their own spiritual lives.
On Seeing the Birth of the Heart
Authors: Anderson Mary 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis is an essay in seeing the heart of humanity, as it is re-presented in a Christian icon (Kardiotissa) and a Buddhist cave (Vishvakarma). Working through a poetics of image and word and the dialectic of revelation and concealment intrinsic to representation, this essay concentrates on wording the visible confluence of subjective and objective domains, as they appear in art and express human being. Interiority, its formlessness and its incorporation in form, is seen to reorient the religious by bearing witness to a religiosity at the core of the human, a faith rendered and remembered in aesthetic form. Representation as word, concept, and phenomenon is both the subject and medium of this inquiry, which, by plumbing the possibility of the inter-religious imagination, seeks to unearth the ethics, and thus extend the capacities, of representation itself. Significant notes in eastern and western philosophical aesthetics provide a comparative platform for a process of seeing the icon and the cave as works of art that formally illumine an originary site of the religious and the aesthetic in the birth of the heart.
Healing Wounds: Reflections on Abraham Joshua Heschel and Interfaith Partnership in Poland
Authors: Kaplan Edward 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAbraham Joshua Heschel (1907–1972) was born in Warsaw, Poland, in a devout Hasidic community and earned a doctorate in philosophy from the University of Berlin during Hitler's rise to power. He immigrated to the United States in 1940 and became a Judaic scholar, writer, teacher, theologian, and social activist. Heschel influenced the drafting of Nostra Aetate during the Second Vatican Council, and Christians and Jews saw Heschel as an embodiment of a Hebrew prophet. Yet Heschel himself was irremediably wounded by the Holocaust. He remained vulnerable, hypersensitive to other people's pain, bereft of consolation. Long impressed by a web of associations on the role of predominantly Roman Catholic Poles in the destruction of European Jews, I had to confront my own negative "imaginary" during eight days I recently spent in Poland, filled with Jewish content. Participation in an international, interfaith conference on Heschel at the University of Warsaw in June 2007, and in the Jewish culture festival in Krakow, managed to convince me that non-Jews could develop and help foster an authentic understanding of Judaism and the Jewish experience. Despite persistent memories of atrocities, my feelings toward Poland and the Poles underwent a transformation. If Heschel's wounds were not ultimately healed, at least my negative imaginary has begun to give way to a hopeful future.
Desire and the Desirable: Nicholas de Cusa's Interfaith Imagination
Authors: Dallmayr Fred 
Published: April 2008

AbstractModern psychology and psychoanalysis tell us about the importance of desire. But what is the meaning of desire? Can it account for itself? An older tradition reminds us of the distinction between desire and what is "desirable." In some philosophical perspectives, desire and the desirable are sharply separated, leading to the dichotomies between "is and ought" or "inclination and duty." However, can something be truly desirable if it is not also somehow desired? Some philosophers have tried to build a linkage; Aristotle famously connected "orexis" and "arete." This paper turns to Nicolaus of Cusa who delineated a path of existential transformation and pedagogy: the search for truth and goodness animated by love. Two aspects are singled out: his emphasis on concrete experiential learning; and his concern with interfaith imagination as a pathway to peace.
Did Jesus Save the People out of Egypt? A Re-examination of a Textual Problem in Jude 5
Authors: Bartholomä Philipp 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn Jude 5, the manuscript evidence yields three different subjects [(1) κυριoς, (2) 'Iησoυς, (3) εoς]. The major textual editions, but also the vast majority of English translations, prefer the κυριoς-reading as original. The 'Iησoυς-reading, although acknowledged by many as lectio difficilior, has generally been regarded as too hard. Yet, in light of the textual evidence studied from the standpoint of reasoned eclecticism, the traditional preference of the κυριoς-reading appears to be questionable. An examination of both external and internal evidence suggests that 'Iησoυς should be seriously considered as the original reading in Jude 5. This would argue for the existence of a high Christology (including Christ's pre-existence) within the Epistle of Jude.
Leben im Gesetz Die paulinische Interpretation von Lev 18:5 (Gal 3:12; Röm 10:5)
Authors: Chibici-Revneanu Nicole 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDas Verständnis des Schriftzitates von Lev 18:5 in Gal 3:12 und Röm 10:5 gibt seit langem Rätsel auf: Wie ist o πoιησας αυτα ζησεται εν αυτoις im Horizont paulinischer Theologie zu verstehen? Dieser Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie Paulus Lev 18:5 aus seinem ursprünglichen Kontext heraus verstanden haben könnte, und wie er von dort ausgehend das Schriftwort in den Dienst eigener Argumentationen stellen konnte. Von besonderer Bedeutung scheint dabei die präpositionale Wendung εν αυτoις gewesen zu sein, anhand derer Paulus Lev 18:5 mit anderen Schriftstellen kontrastiert (in Gal 3:11-12 mit Hab 2.4: εκ πιστεως; in Röm 10:5-8 mit Dtn 30:11-14: εν τω στoματι σoυ και εν τη καρδια σoυ).
Reclaiming Information and Communication Technologies for Empowering Social Work Practice
Authors: Parrott Lester , Madoc-Jones Iolo 
Published: April 2008

• Summary: This article argues that ICT has been viewed with suspicion and has been narrowly used in social work primarily for managerial and monitoring purposes. In light of the emphasis within social work on empowerment, the potential of ICT to facilitate empowering practice is explored • Findings: The article argues the social work profession should more actively challenge and resist the limited use made of ICT, and promote the appropriate use of ICT to improve social work practice and empower service users. • Applications : The article provides a rationale for using ICT in social work to address issues of service user powerlessness and economic and social exclusion. The potential uses to which ICT might be put within social work are discussed and examples are given of innovative social practice using ICT that could be usefully developed more widely.
Personal Approaches to Treatment among Staff in Residential Care
Authors: Andersson Bengt , Johansson Jan 
Published: April 2008

• Summary: Working in residential group care is a complex task. There is a wide gap between principles and guidelines and daily practice. This qualitative case study in a home for the long-term care and treatment of young persons in Sweden is an attempt to explore and systematize careworkers' ideas about the treatment of individual young persons. The aims were to examine personal approaches to treatment and to explore the consistency and individualization in the perceptions of the treatment of each young person. Each careworker was interviewed about each young person in two different occasions. Statements were coded and grouped into categories. • Findings: It was possible to find a model in which careworkers' treatment perceptions could be studied and compared. Each careworker had a unique and stable pattern of treatment perceptions. These perceptions of treatment were however consistent enough to create different patterns in the cases of different young persons, that is, the perception of treatment was individualized. • Applications : A well-functioning system or model of treatment ideas may be a means to enhance the quality of residential care on the assumption that the system or model is close to the real world of careworkers. It could also be means for defining treatment components and measuring treatment fidelity.
Accountability, Evidence, and the Use of Information Systems in Social Service Programs
Authors: Carrilio Terry E. 
Published: April 2008

• Summary: As social work engages with the ideology of evidence-based practice it becomes important to accurately document service activities and outcomes. This often proves problematic, as utilization of systems to collect data for evaluation is fraught with ideological, epistemological, and skill-based difficulties. This article describes a `multiple case study' consisting of: ) a multi-agency evaluation with inconsistent implementation of a data collection system; and 2) a follow-up cross-sectional study of social workers' use of computers and data systems. • Findings: Four components related to practitioner utilization of data systems were identified: skills and experience with using computers, perceived ease of use, utility of the data, and attitudes about data. The latter may point to underlying epistemological and ontological issues regarding evidence-based practice in direct service settings. • Applications : It is important to understand the interacting personal, professional, and organizational factors that influence social workers' use of information systems. The findings suggest that improving worker skill and comfort with data systems as well as maintaining an open dialogue about how data will be used may be key components of efforts to improve practitioner utilization of data systems.
Influence of cobalt ions on the precipitation of goethite in highly alkaline media
Authors: Krehula S. , Musić S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe effects of cobalt ions on the precipitation of goethite in highly alkaline media were monitored using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Mössbauer, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) spectroscopies and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) techniques. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide was used as a precipitating agent. The precipitates were collected after heating of the precipitation systems at 160ºC for 2 h. The XRD results showed the formation of goethite structure as a single phase up tor= 6.98 (wherer= 100·[Co]/([Co]+[Fe])). Cobalt ferrite was found as an additional phase in the precipitates obtained atr= 9.09 and 13.04. Mössbauer spectroscopy showed the formation of solid solutions of α-(Fe,Co)OOH. The incorporation of cobalt ions into the goethite crystal structure was monitored by a decrease in the average hyperfine magnetic field (⟨Bhf⟩). The value ⟨Bhf⟩ decreased linearly up tor= 5.66, whereas a nonlinear dependence was obtained atr= 6.98 to 13.04. Infrared (IR) bands corresponding to the bending vibrations δOHand γOHwere shifted from 892 to 903 cm–1and from 797 to 800 cm–1, respectively, up tor= 6.98. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy lacked the sensitivity to monitor the effects of cobalt ions, demonstrated by the Mössbauer analysis. Cobalt incorporation into the crystal structure of goethite induced a gradual elongation of α-(Fe,Co)OOH particles along the crystallographiccaxis. The formation of α-(Fe,Co)OOH nanowires was shown atr⩾6.98. These nanowires were ~700 nm long, whereas their diameter was ~15–20 nm. The majority of the cobalt ferrite particles were in the nanosize range, as observed by FE-SEM. On the basis of the Co/Fe ratio measured by EDS, it appears that the cobalt ferrite particles were not fully stoichiometric.
Characterization by Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe phases in highly weathered serpentinitic soil from southern Cameroon
Authors: Van Cromphaut C. , Van Ranst E. , De Resende V. G. , Vandenberghe R. E. , De Grave E. , Lambiv Dzemua G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWeathered soil material derived from tectonically emplaced serpentinized ultrabasic intrusive rocks of southern Cameroon has received considerable attention from mining companies due to its extractable-metal (i.e. Ni, Co) potential. As these cations can be incorporated into Fe oxides, it was deemed appropriate to study the mineralogical assemblage of a highly weathered serpentinite soil profile from the area. This study focuses on the different Fe-oxide phases, which were investigated using57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy, showing goethite and hematite as the dominant Fe oxides throughout the weathering profile. These minerals, in association with gibbsite and kaolinite, indicate an advanced degree of weathering. The clay fraction of the ‘Lower Limonite’ layer, above the saprolite and at a depth of 7 m, is very rich in goethite, whereas hematite and magnetite are almost absent. Above this layer, the hematite content in the fine-earth and clay fractions increases upwards, while the goethite content remains constant. The significant substitution and change in the particle size of the goethite and the poor crystallinity of hematite, as indicated by the hyperfine parameters and XRD, suggest that the upper material evolved under different pedological conditions compared to the deeper layers. The mixed composition of the upper layers (above 7 m), which contain muscovite and a relatively chaotic distribution of trace elements, suggests ancient mica-schist capping and possibly different cycles of erosion and pedimentation.
Ornithine decarboxylase antizyme finder (OAF): Fast and reliable detection of antizymes with frameshifts in mRNAs
Authors: Bekaert Michaël , Ivanov Ivaylo P , Atkins John F , Baranov Pavel V 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundOrnithine decarboxylase antizymes are proteins which negatively regulate cellular polyamine levels via their affects on polyamine synthesis and cellular uptake. In virtually all organisms from yeast to mammals, antizymes are encoded by two partially overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). A +1 frameshift between frames is required for the synthesis of antizyme. Ribosomes change translation phase at the end of the first ORF in response to stimulatory signals embedded in mRNA. Since standard sequence analysis pipelines are currently unable to recognise sites of programmed ribosomal frameshifting, proper detection of full length antizyme coding sequences (CDS) requires conscientious manual evaluation by a human expert. The rapid growth of sequence information demands less laborious and more cost efficient solutions for this problem. This manuscript describes a rapid and accurate computer tool for antizyme CDS detection that requires minimal human involvement.ResultsWe have developed a computer tool, OAF (ODCantizymefinder) for identifying antizyme encoding sequences in spliced or intronless nucleic acid sequenes. OAF utilizes a combination of profile hidden Markov models (HMM) built separately for the products of each open reading frame constituting the entire antizyme coding sequence. Profile HMMs are based on a set of 218 manually assembled antizyme sequences. To distinguish between antizyme paralogs and orthologs from major phyla, antizyme sequences were clustered into twelve groups and specific combinations of profile HMMs were designed for each group. OAF has been tested on the current version of dbEST, where it identified over six thousand Expressed Sequence Tags (EST) sequences encoding antizyme proteins (over two thousand antizyme CDS in these ESTs are non redundant).ConclusionOAF performs well on raw EST sequences and mRNA sequences derived from genomic annotations. OAF will be used for the future updates of the RECODE database. OAF can also be useful for identifying novel antizyme sequences when run with relaxed parameters. It is anticipated that OAF will be used for EST and genome annotation purposes. OAF outputs sequence annotations in fasta, genbank flat file or XML format. The OAF web interface and the source code are freely available athttp://recode.ucc.ie/oaf/and at a mirror sitehttp://recode.genetics.utah.edu/oaf/.
Evolution of pharmacologic specificity in the pregnane X receptor
Authors: Ekins Sean , Reschly Erica J , Hagey Lee R , Krasowski Matthew D 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) shows the highest degree of cross-species sequence diversity of any of the vertebrate nuclear hormone receptors. In this study, we determined the pharmacophores for activation of human, mouse, rat, rabbit, chicken, and zebrafish PXRs, using a common set of sixteen ligands. In addition, we compared in detail the selectivity of human and zebrafish PXRs for steroidal compounds and xenobiotics. The ligand activation properties of the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) PXR and that of a putative vitamin D receptor (VDR)/PXR cloned in this study from the chordate invertebrate sea squirt (Ciona intestinalis) were also investigated.

Results
Using a common set of ligands, human, mouse, and rat PXRs share structurally similar pharmacophores consisting of hydrophobic features and widely spaced excluded volumes indicative of large binding pockets. Zebrafish PXR has the most sterically constrained pharmacophore of the PXRs analyzed, suggesting a smaller ligand-binding pocket than the other PXRs. Chicken PXR possesses a symmetrical pharmacophore with four hydrophobes, a hydrogen bond acceptor, as well as excluded volumes. Comparison of human and zebrafish PXRs for a wide range of possible activators revealed that zebrafish PXR is activated by a subset of human PXR agonists. The Ciona VDR/PXR showed low sequence identity to vertebrate VDRs and PXRs in the ligand-binding domain and was preferentially activated by planar xenobiotics including 6-formylindolo-[3,2-b]carbazole. Lastly, the Western clawed frog (Xenopus tropicalis) PXR was insensitive to vitamins and steroidal compounds and was activated only by benzoates.

Conclusion
In contrast to other nuclear hormone receptors, PXRs show significant differences in ligand specificity across species. By pharmacophore analysis, certain PXRs share similar features such as human, mouse, and rat PXRs, suggesting overlap of function and perhaps common evolutionary forces. The Western clawed frog PXR, like that described for African clawed frog PXRs, has diverged considerably in ligand selectivity from fish, bird, and mammalian PXRs.
Evaluation of immune responses in HIV infected patients with pleural tuberculosis by the QuantiFERON®TB-Gold interferon-gamma assay
Authors: Baba Kamaldeen , Sørnes Steinar , Hoosen Anwar A , Lekabe Jacob M , Mpe Mathew J , Langeland Nina , Dyrhol-Riise Anne M 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundDiagnosis of tuberculous (TB) pleuritis is difficult and better diagnostic tools are needed. New blood based interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) tests are promising, but sensitivity could be low in HIV positive patients. The IFN-γ tests have not yet been validated for use in pleural fluid, a compartment with higher level of immune activation than in blood.MethodsThe QuantiFERON TB®-Gold (QFT-TB) test was analysed in blood and pleural fluid from 34 patients presenting with clinically suspected pleural TB. Clinical data, HIV status and CD4 cell counts were recorded. Adenosine deaminase activity (ADA) analysis and TB culture were performed on pleural fluid.ResultsThe patients were categorised as 'confirmed TB' (n = 12), 'probable TB' (n = 16) and 'non-TB' pleuritis (n = 6) based on TB culture results and clinical and biochemical criteria. The majority of the TB patients were HIV infected (82%). The QFT-TB in pleural fluid was positive in 27% and 56% of the 'confirmed TB' and 'probable TB' cases, respectively, whereas the corresponding sensitivities in blood were 58% and 83%. Indeterminate results in blood (25%) were caused by low phytohemagglutinin (PHA = positive control) IFN-γ responses, significantly lower in the TB patients as compared to the 'non-TB' cases (p = 0.02). Blood PHA responses correlated with CD4 cell count (r = 0.600, p = 0.028). In contrast, in pleural fluid indeterminate results (52%) were caused by high Nil (negative control) IFN-γ responses in both TB groups. Still, the Nil IFN-γ responses were lower than the TB antigen responses (p < 0.01), offering a conclusive test for half of the patients. We did not find any correlation between blood CD4 cell count and IFN-γ responses in pleural fluid.ConclusionThe QFT-TB test in blood could contribute to the diagnosis of TB pleuritis in the HIV positive population. Still, the number of inconclusive results is too high to recommend the commercial QFT-TB test for routine use in pleural fluid in a TB/HIV endemic resource-limited setting.
Food intake regulating-neuropeptides are expressed and regulated through pregnancy and following food restriction in rat placenta
Authors: Caminos Jorge E , Bravo Susana B , González C Ruth , Garcés Maria F , Cepeda Libia A , González Adriana C , Cordido Fernando , López Miguel , Diéguez Carlos 
Published: April 2008

Abstract

Background
Neuropeptide Y (NPY), agouti related peptide (AgRP), cocaine and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) and melanocortins, the products of the proopiomelanocortin (POMC), are hypothalamic peptides involved in feeding regulation and energy homeostasis. Recent evidence has demonstrated their expression in rat and human placenta.

Methods
In the current study, we have investigated the expression of those neuropeptides in the rat placenta by real-time PCR using a model of maternal food restriction.

Results
Our results showed that placental-derived neuropeptides were regulated through pregnancy and following food restriction.

Conclusion
These data could indicate that placental-derived neuropeptides represent a local regulatory circuit that may fine-tune control of energy balance during pregnancy.