bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Drainage, Spacing and Fertilizer on Soyabeans in Paddy Soils in Brunei
Authors: Williams C. N. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe yield of Chipewa variety of soyabean was investigated in relation to spacing and fertilizer levels on a range of paddy soils exhibiting good, medium and poor drainage. Under good conditions of drainage optimum yield was obtained at a density of 100,000 plants/ha and a fertilizer level equivalent to N—54, P2O5—54, K2O—75 and MgO—9 kg/ha. Under poorer conditions of drainage yield continued to increase up to a density of 162,000 plants and fertilizer levels of twice the above rates. Even under sub-optimal drainage conditions, however, satisfactory yields equivalent to about 1500 kg/ha were obtained from this variety.
Supplementary Irrigation of Young Clonal Tea in Kenya. II. Internal Water Status
Authors: Othieno C. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMeasurements of the stomatal apertures of young clonal tea plants (Camellia sinensis) showed that stomata of plants irrigated during the dry seasons only were wider open than those not irrigated during both wet and dry seasons. Similarly, xylem water potential values (ψx) were always higher (less negative) in irrigated than non-irrigated plants, during both wet and dry seasons. The results suggest that more drought-susceptible clones have a greater demand for water than those less susceptible to drought.
Evapotranspiration Measured by a Neutron Probe on Sudan Gezira Vertisols
Authors: Fadl Osman A. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYDaily measurements of moisture by neutron probe showed an erratic pattern of ET in the Sudan Gezira, attributed to the redistribution of water and development of cracks in a drying profile. However, dividing an irrigation cycle into periods of 3–5 days revealed a unique trend of ET that was consistently low in the early period, increased to a maximum in the middle, and fell off at the end. Roots suffer from anaerobic conditions for about 5 days after flooding but subsequent drying and cracking improves soil aeration that leads to final depletion of profile moisture and depression of ET.
Effects of Nitrogen on Melon (Citrillus lanatus) at Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunremi E. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThree experiments testing the effects of nitrogen on melon showed significant varietal differences. Nitrogen increased yields by increasing fruits/plant, seeds/fruit and seed weight, had no effect on fruit weight, size and husk, and increased leaf area through leaf number and leaf size. Fruit growth coincided with a rapid decline in leaf area, indicating that the mottled green fruits contributed appreciable assimilates towards their own growth. The implications of the findings, and the inefficiency of the crop in seed formation, are discussed.
Handling Missing Observations in the Two-way Analysis of Variance with Interaction
Authors: Abou-El-Fittouh H. A. , Taha E. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThree procedures for handling missing values in randomized block experiments with more than one observation per plot are examined, and their effects on the resulting expectations of mean squares in the analysis of variance studied. Using the average of the available observations in the plot in which the missing value occurs has the least effect on the validity of the tests of significance and on the estimation of variance components.
Effects of Soil Moisture and Organic Mulches on Corn Planted in Different Patterns
Authors: Reddy K. Anand , Reddy B. Bhasker , Balaswamy K. , Venkatachari A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn a two-year study the yields and water use of corn were studied under four planting patterns, with different soil moisture regimes and organic (paddy straw) mulches. Normal planting and irrigation resulted in higher yields and lowest water use efficiency, while double file planting in deep furrows (rafter method) gave greatest efficiency of water use but with a slight decrease in grain yield. Mulches improved water use efficiency by 50–60% and reduced irrigation requirements by four to six irrigations. Under limited moisture conditions a combination of these practices is likely to reduce irrigation requirements by half and to double water use efficiency.
Mixed Cropping in Northern Nigeria. III. Mixtures of Cereals
Authors: Baker E. F. I. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYAlternate row mixtures of millet, maize and sorghum were compared with equivalent areas of sole crops. Yield of mixtures were rarely reduced but there was a gain when components differed by a certain margin in height or age at maturity, or both. Approximately 75% of variation in yield gain from mixing was attributable to these two factors. Subsistence farmers who mix a fast-growing early-maturing cereal with a slower-growing, later-maturing one thus reduce interference between neighbouring plants during the reproductive phase of growth, and obtain grain harvest spread in time and heavier than from equivalent areas of the component sole crops.
Effects of Soil Salinity on Broad Bean (Vicia faba) in the Sudan
Authors: El Karouri M. O. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of soil salinity on growth and yield of broad bean was investigated, using correlation analysis. The salinity level at which 50% reduction in bean yield occurred was 9 mmho/cm. The negative correlation between dry matter production and yield and ECe, together with the field observations, indicated that soil salinity may be responsible for the different growth and yield of broad bean fields in the salt-affected areas of northern Sudan.
Effects of Seed Size on Growth and Yield of Maize in the Kenya Highlands
Authors: Hawkins R. C. , Cooper P. J. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMaize was grown from three batches of seed, with mean 1000-grain weights of 225, 432 and 649 g. Initial plant size was larger when grown from large seed, but development rates were similar for all three sizes and relative growth rates were similar during the early stages. Relative differences in plant size became smaller as the crop matured. Crop growth rates during the linear phase of dry matter production were the same, and there were no significant yield differences. Comparisons of leaf and spikelet initiation, and individual leaf size are also reported.
Seed Dormancy in Sesame (S. indicum) and the Effect of Gibberellic Acid
Authors: Ashri A. , Palevitch D. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSeed dormancy was found in the Mexican sesame cultivar Cola de Borrego but it disappeared about 6 months after harvest. Dormancy was completely broken by soaking the seeds in GA3 solutions of 100 and 500 ppm for 48 h; soaking in 1000 ppm GA3 concentration was helpful but not as good as the 100 and 500 ppm treatments. GA3 treatments also hastened emergence.
Effects of N Fertilizers on Sugarcane in the Sudan
Authors: Ibrahim Hassan Suliman 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThree field experiments were conducted at Guneid, Sudan, in which N was applied to sugarcane (A) in one dose, (B) in split doses at 2 and 4 months, and (C) as a single dose 4 months from planting. Nitrogen application generally increased the yields of both cane and sugar but did not significantly affect sucrose recovery. Correlation coefficients for yields of cane and sugar suggested that the application of 88–176 kg N/ha 2 months after planting was economic.
Crop Production Potential and Energy Conversion Efficiency in Different Environments
Authors: Gibbon David , Holliday Robert , Mattei Francesco , Luppi Gaetano 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA method of estimating crop production potential was devised and tested in a number of contrasting solar radiation climates. With increasing levels of solar radiation, total dry matter yields of kale, maize and sugar beet increased, whilst energy conversion efficiency declined in kale and sugar beet but increased in maize. Maximum potential crop yields in almost all environments were achieved with a conversion efficiency of approximately 2 per cent of total radiant energy.
Effects of Soil Fertility on Yield and Juice Quality of Sugarcane
Authors: Pande H. K. , Tilak K. V. B. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYApplication of nitrogen (160 and 80 kg. N/ha.) and phosphate (80 and 40 kg. P2O5/ha.) increased the diameter and height of cane and number of shoots per metre of row, and consequently the yield of minable canes, with significant differences between the effects of the two levels of each nutrient. Potash did not affect the growth and yield of sugarcane. Application of 80 kg. P2O5/ha. was beneficial only with 160 kg. N/ha. but 40 kg. P2O5proved effective with both 160 and 80 kg. N. because yield of millable cane with 80 kg. each of N and P2O5was significantly lower than with 80 kg. N + 40 kg. P2O5.
Effect of Competition in Jute
Authors: Chaudhuri B. B. , Basak S. L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCompetition was studied among four varieties of jute, one cultivated and one wild type of each of C. capsularis and C. olitorius. Varieties exposed to competition showed significant effects on different characters at species and variety level for all the characters. Variety competition, average competition except for base diameter, and specific competition except for node number and base diameter, were significant for all the characters. Wild forms were less effective than cultivated ones as competitors, and the action of one species on the other did not affect all growth parameters in the same way.
Estimates of Genetic and Environmental Variability in Sesame
Authors: Osman H. El Gizouli , Khidir M. Osman 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTwo years study was made on variability in 42 indigenous and exotic varieties of sesame. With very few exceptions, highly significant differences were found between the varieties for the 15 characters investigated. A wide range of phenotypic and genotypic variability was exhibited by all characters except oil, protein and moisture, and 9 out of 15 characters gave heritability estimates exceeding 80 per cent. To relate heritability values to other genetic parameters, a ‘rank procedure’ showed that the characters followed one another in a definite order.
Studies of Ripeners on Sugar Cane
Authors: Julien M. H. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe sugar cane ripener Mon O45, tested on three commercial sugar cane varieties, showed responses depending on variety, time of application, dosage rate and the interval between application and harvest. Age of crop at application appeared to have little influence on the response. The chemical was also shown to have growth inhibiting properties. The possible use of this chemical to increase sugar produced per unit area is discussed.
Studies of Ripeners on Sugar Cane
Authors: Julien M. H. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYMon O45 at rates of 4 and 6 kg./ha. was shown to increase total dry matter in the stem of the sugarcane variety M13/56, optimum response occurring at 9–12 weeks after application. The increase in dry matter was mainly due to an increase in sucrose, since the chemical had no effect on fibre and decreased reducing sugars. The site of action appears to be in the top 16 internodes. Possible modes of action of the chemical are discussed.
The Relative Performance of Forage Legumes as Rotational Crops in the Gezira
Authors: Musa M. M. , Burhan H. O. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYA study was made of the nitrogen fixing systems of various forage legumes and their rotational effect on yield of subsequent cotton crops, as well as of yields of the different legumes. Phillipe-sara, clitoria and lubia out-yielded all the others. Nitrogen yields of the various forage legumes showed that they are active fixers of atmospheric nitrogen, but yields of cotton following the various legumes showed wide seasonal variability and were neither significantly nor consistently different in different seasons. On the other hand, the increase in cotton yield due to fertilizer nitrogen was highly significant, indicating a comparatively small end-of-season contribution of cut legumes to soil nitrogen. It was therefore difficult to differentiate between the legumes on the basis of any consistent ability to influence yields of following cotton, suggesting that the choice of a legume in the rotation should depend primarily on economic considerations.
Analysis of Growth Patterns in Cocoa Seedlings as Influenced by Bean Maturity
Authors: Adenikinju S. A. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYBeans collected from immature pods of cocoa progency C77 × C23, as early as 15 weeks after pollination, successfully produced seedlings as vigorous as those from mature ripe pods. Seedlings produced by beans from 21-week-old pods were the most vigorous, with vigour based on the integral of all measured growth parameters (leaf number, leaf area, seedling height, girth and root weight). There were close correlations between these growth parameters on the one hand and bean maturity and seedling age on the other, the relations with the former being curvilinear and with the latter linear. Seedling age and bean maturity accounted for between 87–99 and 42–96 per cent respectively of the variations in growth parameters. Multiple regression equations are presented for quick estimations of leaf area.
A Quantitative Shatter Index for Soybeans
Authors: Quick Graeme R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe object of the study was to find whether loss during combine harvesting was correlated with pod shattering propensity of soybeans. Mechanical pod shattering methods tested included vibration, impact, centrifugation, pod traction and compression. The influence of variety and moisture content on mechanically-induced pod shatter and on header losses was studied. The pod suture compression method was simplest to perform and, with respect to crop moisture, gave results indicative of machine harvest shatter levels. Such a standardized mechanical shatter index may prove a useful criterion in soybean breeding selection for harvest shatter resistance.
Stomatal Infiltration Measurements as an Indicator of the Water Requirement and Timing of Irrigation for Cotton
Authors: Ofir M. , Shmueli E. , Moreshet S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe single-liquid infiltration method of measuring stomatal opening was adapted as a practical field method for determining the time of irrigation of cotton. A number of different liquids, leaf positions and times of measurement were tested and the most sensitive method was selected on the basis of the results. No stomatal response was found while soil moisture was depleted to one-third of available water. A steep reduction in stomatal opening was observed with further drying of the soil. Some results are presented from an irrigation experiment where irrigation control by infiltration method was compared with other methods. The practical possibilities in the use of the method in field practice are discussed.
Seasonal Effects on the Root Nodulation of Legumes
Authors: Masefield G. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYTo investigate seasonal effects on nodulation of legumes during an English summer, plants of Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris were sown in pots in the open at intervals of 14 days between March and July and the pots were watered on all days when rain did not fall. The weight of nodules per plant varied significantly between sowing dates and showed seasonal trends in both legumes, but in different directions. In P. sativum nodulation was at a minimum at the midsummer sowing date but with P. vulgaris the mid-summer sowing gave maximum nodulation. The data are further analysed in terms of number and size of nodules, and nodule weight as a percentage of plant weight.
Chemical Changes in Some Nigerian Vegetables During Growth
Authors: Oke O. L. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe percentage dry matter of some Nigerian vegetables increases with age.Corchorus olibriusgave the highest yield of vitamin C after five weeks, but the stage of maturity had less effect with other vegetables. The oxalic acid content ofCelosea argenteawas very high, approaching a lethal level. It appears that some of the vegetables are best at about six weeks from sowing from the standpoint of eating quality, oxalic acid and vitamin C content.
Evaluation and Computation of Potential Evaporation in the Tropics
Authors: Rijks D. A. , Walker J. T. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe problems involved in the estimation of potential evaporation in the tropics are discussed, and available methods for calculating potential evaporation are assessed. A computer programme is described which evaluates Penman's formula, accommodating data from the very wide range of conditions experienced in tropical agriculture. The programme conforms with recent W.M.O. recommendations and is written for computers available in many parts of the world. An important component of the programme is a strict data validation procedure. The output includes daily and mean ten-day estimates of E, using the reflection coefficients for open water and for a crop as well as both calculated and, where available, measured values of radiation.
Extensive Trials with Perennial Crops on Smallholders' Fields in Africa
Authors: Robinson J. B. D. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYCultural standards and the husbandry techniques used on small farmers' fields are seldom the same as those practised on research and experimental Stations in the developing countries. The need for extensive agronomic experiments to be sited on small farmers' fields is emphasized. This method has been quite widely used with annual crops, but could with advantage be more generally adopted in perennial crops. Some of the advantages of this approach in agronomic investigations are illustrated by examples from work carried out in East Africa.
Emergence of Crops in Clay Soils of the Central Sudan Rainlands in Relation to Soil Water and Air-Filled Pore Space
Authors: Hack H. R. B. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYPoor emergence of crops is common during the rainy season on the clay soils of the central Sudan. Arachis hypogaea, Sesamum indicum, Hibiscus cannabinus and Gossypium hirsutum were studied under a range of soil water and air-filled pore space conditions by sowing on earth ramps; these were covered with water which was subsequently drained either completely or so as to leave water standing. Air-filled pore space was estimated by air-picnometer and water content by oven drying. The conditions in the sloping beds were related to those normally found in experimental plots (using Triticum aestivum). When the effective air-filled pore space was as low as 10 per cent all crops emerged poorly. Sesame emerged well at 40 per cent and all others at 20 per cent. The best emergence was found when water was drained completely at the shortest interval included in the experiments, i.e. on the day after covering the beds.
Pre-Harvest Desiccation of Sugar Cane With Paraquat in Queensland
Authors: Arvier A. C. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYIn Queensland it is standard practice to burn sugar cane before harvest, but incomplete burns are common, due to the lush condition of the crop and the occurrence of weeds. Experiments conducted over seven seasons to dry out foliage of both weeds and cane, using bipyridylium desiccants, showed that paraquat was consistently more effective than diquat. After treatment of cane foliage, several days were necessary for fully effective desiccation, during which time a slight drop in sugar content could usually be detected. It is practical to spray cane leaves in the outside rows, adjacent to headlands (where weeds normally thrive). Treatment of this peripheral zone could affect no more than 10 per cent of a cane stand, and any loss of sugar would usually be more than offset by the benefits of desiccation, viz: a cleaner burn, quicker cutting, less trash, and fewer penalties.
Use of Principal Component Analysis on Data from Chemical Analysis of Tea Leaves
Authors: Willson K. C. , Freeman G. H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYUnivariate analyses of variance of mineral nutrient contents of samples of first and third leaves from seven fertilizer experiments in East Africa gave only limited information. Principal component analyses were then carried out on the nutrient contents of the third leaves. The most important component represented a balance between nitrogen and the basic nutrients potassium, calcium and magnesium, the variation of which was often related to yield. The results suggest that yield responses are likely to follow fertilizer applications only when the ratio of nitrogen to basic nutrients is within a defined range.
Soil Fertility Under Continuous Cultivation in Northern Nigeria. II. Responses to Fertilizers in the Absence of Organic Manures
Authors: Heathcote R. G. , Stockinger K. R. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYInitial results of long-term trials in northern Nigeria indicate that deficiencies of potassium and trace elements, and soil acidity, may become important under continuous cultivation on some soils, in addition to the more common deficiencies of nitrogen and phosphorus.
Genetic Studies of Two Crosses ofBrassica CampestrisL.
Authors: Joarder O. I. , Eunus A. M. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYHeritability of four quantitative characters in two crosses ofBrassica campestrisL. was found to be high. Dominance was detected only for plant height at heading time in both the crosses, and for sowing-to-heading period in Toria-TP × Toria-7. Transgressive segregation was expected in the segregating progenies for all the characters. Epistasis was complementary in all characters except in plant height at ripening time, where it was of the duplicate type. Additive × dominance type of epistasis was most significant and was present in most of the characters. Genes for most of the characters were linked with a major gene for seed colour (Rr). Yield was genetically correlated with the four quantitative characters studied.
Experiments on Maize and Groundnut using Micro-Plots
Authors: Walters D. E. , Yoon Chin Nyeok 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe results are presented of an investigation into the use of very small plots for experimental work on maize (Zea mays) and groundnut (Arachis hypogaea), for the first three harvests of a project which is continuing. Despite the diminutive plot size, the random variation was quite low, resulting in a fairly sensitive experiment. The yield responses to increasing plant density were pronounced for both maize and groundnut, giving optimal spacings of 30 × 6 in. and 12 × 4 in. respectively.
Yields of Hybrid Sorghums
Authors: Doggett H. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYSorghum hybrids and varieties show similar responses to changing environment, with constant relative yield increases from the hybrids over a wide range of conditions due almost entirely to more florets and grains per plant and per hectare. Carbohydrate production of the leaves of good varieties is probably not much in excess of requirements for filling the grain. The extra spikelet number of the hybrid, increases in photosynthetic area and probably increased photosynthetic efficiency together enable the extra grains be filled. There is also an advantage in size and activity of the root system. The yield increase is strongly buffered against environmental fluctuations. The fact that hybrids can increase over a wide range of farming conditions should result in big increases in production simply by changing from varieties to hybrids, as is already happening in several countries.