bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study on the onset surface melt fracture of polypropylene materials with foaming additives
Authors: Naguib Hani E. , Park Chul B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe melt fracture behaviors of linear and branched polypropylene resins with foaming additives were investigated. The effects of branching, processing temperature, additives, and blowing agent on the surface melt fracture of polypropylene materials were thoroughly studied. A CCD camera was installed at the die exit to precisely observe the onset of surface melt fracture of extruded foams. The critical wall shear stress was determined for various linear and branched polypropylene resins using a capillary die. It was found that the branching required to foam polypropylene resins also promotes melt fracture: the critical shear stress was decreased by 0.0175 MPa with an increase of 0.1 n/1000c in long‐chain branching. It was also observed that the dissolved blowing agent (butane) significantly suppressed the melt fracture of both linear and branched polypropylene resins. On the other hand, a noticeable increase in the critical shear stress of branched polypropylene materials was observed with the nucleating agent (talc) and the aging modifier (glycerol mono stearate), whereas almost negligible effect of the additives on the critical shear stress was observed for linear polypropylene materials. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Renal Corpuscle of the African Lungfish Protopterus dolloi: Structural and Histochemical Modifications During Aestivation
Authors: Ojeda José L. , Wong Wai P. , Ip Yuen K. , Icardo José M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis work studies the structural and lectin‐binding modifications experienced by the renal corpuscle of the African lungfish Protopterus dolloi during aestivation. The kidney of the aestivating animals was studied by light‐ and electron‐microscopy, and by immunofluorescence methods. Upon aestivation, the renal corpuscles (RCs) undergo a marked size reduction, and all the structural RC components are affected. The parietal cells of Bowman's capsule lose their flattened appearance and adopt the organization of a stratified epithelium. The glomerular capillaries collapse. The podocytes approach each other. Concomitantly, the major processes between contiguous cells are lost, the rest of the major processes adopting a lamina‐like configuration. The foot processes lose their regular arrangement, the filtration slits are difficult to observe, and the subpodocyte space disappears. The glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickens enormously, increases the amount of amorphous material and of collagen, and round inclusions formed by amorphous material and coiled fibrils appear. The mesangial cells compact and form a dense network embedded in the subendothelial lamina of the GBM. The endothelial cells show numerous irregularities, establishing abnormal interrelationships with the mesangial cells. These modifications are accompanied by changes in the expression of the carbohydrate moieties, as indicated by the modifications in lectin‐binding patterns. On the whole, these modifications thicken and compact the filtration barrier, thus reducing the filtration coefficient and allowing the organism to cope with dehydration. All these modifications are partially reversed during the first days of returning the animals to freshwater. The renal corpuscle appears to be a highly dynamic structure capable of modifying its architecture in response to environmental changes. Anat Rec, 291:1156‐1172, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Money and fame: vividness effects in the National Basketball Association
Authors: Wang Long 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn his widely reprinted paper “On the Folly of Rewarding A, While Hoping for B,” Kerr argued that vividness was one of the major reasons for distorted rewards. Using both archival and survey data, the present paper directly tests Kerr's proposal by investigating whether, how, and why highly visible behaviors are over‐rewarded and less visible, but similarly (or more) important behaviors are under‐rewarded. The National Basketball Association (NBA) was chosen as the domain of this study because scoring is particularly vivid, even though both non‐scoring and scoring performances are critical for winning games. Findings from four studies demonstrated that the scoring performance of NBA players was weighed more heavily than their non‐scoring performance. Scorers were rewarded with higher salaries and received more support in the NBA All‐Star balloting than defenders, even though they might not necessarily make more contribution than their teammates. This pattern of findings suggests that the vividness effect may lead to pronounced differences in people's judgments, especially when they face abundant real‐world information with similar validity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reducing overestimation in reported mobile phone use associated with epidemiological studies
Authors: Tokola Kari , Kurttio Päivi , Salminen Tiina , Auvinen Anssi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCase‐control studies of mobile phones are commonly based on retrospective, self‐reported exposure information, which are often characterized as involving substantial uncertainty concerning data validity. We assessed the validity of self‐reported mobile phone use and developed a statistical model to account for the over‐reporting of exposure. We collected information on mobile phone use from 70 volunteers using two sources of data: self‐report in an interview and network operator records. We used regression models to obtain bias‐corrected estimates of exposure. A correlation coefficient of 0.71 was obtained between the self‐reported and the network operators' data on average calling time (log‐transformed minutes per month). A simple linear regression model, where the duration of calls acquired from network operators is explained with the self‐reported duration fitted the data reasonably well (adjusted R2 0.51). The constant term was 2.71 and the regression coefficient 0.49 (logarithmic scale). No significant improvement in the model fit was achieved by including potential predictors of accuracy in self‐reported exposure estimates, such as the pattern of mobile phone use, the modality of response to the questionnaire or demographic characteristics. Overestimation in self‐reported intensity of mobile phone use can be accounted for by the use of regression calibration. The estimates obtained in our study may not be applicable in other contexts, but similar methods could be used to reduce bias in other studies. Bioelectromagnetics 29:559–563, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Die Kunst des Anschlags. Elisabeth Caland und die Physio‐Ästhetik des Klavierspiels
Authors: Herrgott Gerhard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe Art of Touch. Elisabeth Caland and the Physio‐Aesthetics of Piano Playing The issue of how it is possible to play the piano without striking it was raised by Chopin: one must ‘caresser’ and not ‘frapper’ the piano. In her teachings on the art of piano playing, Elisabeth Caland (1862–1929) attempts to articulate a scientifically grounded solution to this complex (kin‐)aesthetic problem. The solution turns on her intuitively discovered ‘lowering of the shoulderblades’ which was documented in 1904, through X‐rays, by the Berlin physiologist René du Bois‐Reymond, and recorded as a way of coordinating movement which had been unknown to physiology up to that time. Caland's physio‐aesthetic of piano playing, which she worked out on the basis of du Bois‐Reymond's observations, turns on the ideal of ‘floating sound’ put forward by her teacher Ludwig Deppe, and on Ferruccio Busoni's technique of piano playing. Her method makes essential use of what Feldenkrais would later call the ‘sixth sense’ (i.e. proprioceptive perception); in fact, it represents the first modern kinaesthetically based conception of piano playing. Caland's doctrine of touch was ahead of its time and it virtually disappeared from discussions of piano technique after 1930. But it has become accessible again through reprints of her most important writings: Deppe's doctrine of piano playing (1897), Sources of power in piano playing (1904), and Artistic piano playing (1910).
Nerven‐Saiten‐Stimmung. Zum Wandel einer Denkfigur zwischen Musik und Wissenschaft 1750–1850
Authors: Welsh Caroline 
Published: June 2008

Abstract‘Stimmung’. The Career of a Concept in Music and Science between 1750 and 1850. The German word ‘Stimmung’ originally refers to the musical praxis of tuning instruments. Whereas the English concepts of ‘tonus’ and ‘atunement’ used to describe the physical status of the body developed independently from the psychological ‘mood’, ‘Stimmung’ was used metaphorically in both physiology and psychology in the discussed period. This leads to various interrelations between the areas of knowledge involved. The paper investigates these on a synchronic and diachronic level. By concentrating a) on the analogy between musical strings and nerve fibres within the framework of a mechanistic conception of the body and b) on the metaphoric use of ‘Stimmung’ as a psychological concept describing the general mood of an individual, it becomes evident that the different metaphorical adaptations do not only have consequences within the specific area of knowledge, but also lead to distinct interpretations of musical effect. The second half of the paper concentrates on the diachronic development of ‘Stimmung’ in physiology and analyses the shifts within the semantic field of the metaphor occurring during the transformation from a mechanical to an organic conception of the body. On a theoretical level the emphasis lies on the conceptual potential of vague metaphors and the function of marginal metaphors in periods of theory change. In this context the results question Thomas Kuhns theory of an abrupt, gestaltlike change of theory by emphasizing the importance of continuous shifts within the semantic fields of vague metaphors.
Effect of phospholipids on conformational structure of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) and its thermolabile mutants
Authors: Izumikawa Naoshige , Nishikori Shingo , Vestergaard Mun'delanji , Hamada Tsutomu , Hagihara Yoshihisa , Yumoto Noboru , Shiraki Kentaro , Takagi Masahiro 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe effects of negatively charged phosphatidylserine‐prepared membranes (PS) and neutral phosphatidylcholine‐prepared membranes (PC) on the structure of wild‐type and mutant bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI) at neutral pH were investigated. The presence of PC did not have any effect on the protein structure while PS induced a non‐native structure in three mutant BPTI proteins. However, the negatively charged membrane did not have any effect on wild‐type BPTI. The findings revealed that (i) elimination of some disulphide bonds results in dramatic change in protein structure, and, (ii) that this biochemical interaction is surface‐driven and electrostatic interactions may play a very strong role in influencing the fore‐stated changes in protein structure. Of further interest were the results obtained from investigating the possible role of PS fluidity and concentration in altering mutant. When the value of Gibbs free‐energy change of unfolding (ΔGU) was positive, various non‐native structures were formed in a concentration‐dependent manner. However, when the value of ΔGU was negative, only two types of non‐native structures were formed: one with high β structure content at low PS fluidity state, and the other with a high α‐helical content at high PS fluidity state. Our study reveals how particular combinations of phospholipid:protein interactions can induce a protein conformation transition from a native to a non‐native one at neutral pH, especially when the native structure is predestabilized by amino acid substitutions. This revelation may open up opportunities to explore alternative ways in which phospholipids may play a role in protein mis‐folding and the related pathologies. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 873–880, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Self‐crosslinked and reducible fusogenic peptides for intracellular delivery of siRNA
Authors: Mok Hyejung , Park Tae Gwan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA novel self‐crosslinked and reducible peptide was synthesized for stable formation of nanoscale complexes with an siRNA‐PEG conjugate to enhance transfection efficiency in serum containing condition without compromising cytotoxicity. A fusogenic peptide, KALA, with two cysteine residues at both terminal ends was crosslinked via disulfide linkages under mild DMSO oxidation condition. The reducible crosslinked KALA (cl‐KALA) was used to form nano‐complexes with green fluorescent protein (GFP) siRNA. Size and morphology of various polyelectrolyte complexes formulated with KALA and cl‐KALA were comparatively analyzed. cl‐KALA exhibited more reduced cell cytotoxicity and formed more stable and compact polyelectrolyte complexes with siRNA, compared with naked KALA and polyethylenimine (PEI), probably because of its increased charge density. The extent of gene silencing was quantitatively evaluated using MDA‐MB‐435 cells. cl‐KALA/siRNA complexes showed comparable gene silencing efficiency with those of cytotoxic PEI. In a serum containing medium, cl‐KALA/siRNA‐PEG conjugate complexes exhibited superior gene inhibition because of the shielding effect of PEG on the surface. The formulation based on the self‐crosslinked fusogenic peptide could be used as a biocompatible and efficient nonviral carrier for siRNA delivery. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 881–888, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Relation of glutathione S‐transferase T1, M1 and P1 genotypes and breast cancer risk
Authors: Ünlü Ali , Ates Nurcan Aras , Tamer Lülüfer , Ates Cengiz 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate associations between genetic variability in specific Glutathione S‐transferases (GST) genes (GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1) and susceptibility to breast cancer. Genotypes of blood specimen DNA were determined for 65 women with incident cases of breast cancer and 108 control subjects. Associations between specific genotypes and the development of breast cancer were examined by the use of logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Neither GSTT1 nor GSTM1 homozygous null genotype was associated with a significant increased risk of developing breast cancer. The presence of valine alleles compared to isoleucine alleles in codon 105 in GSTP1 did not increase the risk of breast cancer development. The risk of breast cancer associated with a combined GSTT1 and GSTM1 null genotype was 3.37 (95% CI = 0.76–2.95, p = 0.115). The only significant association between increased risk of breast cancer development and GSTs polymorphsims was found when GSTT1 null, GSTM1 null and the presence of valine in GSTP1 in codon 105 were combined (p < 0.048, OR = 3.75, 95% CI = 1.01–13.90). Our findings suggest that combined genetic variability in members of the GST gene family may be associated with an increased susceptibility to breast cancer. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accelerating kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) by utilizing two‐dimensional wavelet compression: applications to spectroscopic imaging
Authors: Luttrell Robert D. , Vogt Frank 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPrincipal component analysis (PCA) is a standard tool for analyzing spectroscopic data. However, PCA can at most discriminate a number of spectroscopic signatures that is either equal to the number of variables or to the number of samples, whichever is smaller. Furthermore, linear algorithms are not well adapted to model nonlinear relationships present in the data. In order to overcome the limitations imposed by linear algorithms when applied to nonlinear data, Kernel Principal Component Analysis (KPCA) has been developed. Unlike PCA, KPCA is able to extract a number of principal components (PCs) that exceeds the number of variables, if the number of samples is greater. Because spectroscopic imagers acquire up to tens of thousands of spectra, KPCA computations often require multiple gigabytes of RAM just for holding data. This prohibits the routine application of KPCA to spectroscopic imaging especially if calculations are run on personal computers. In order to avoid such situations, a wavelet compression algorithm is presented that never has to hold all data in memory. The main goal here is to enable the application of KPCA, including mean centering, to large datasets. For this purpose, a mean‐centering technique that is compatible with the compression has also been developed. For assessing this compression method, the figures of merit ‘reduction in memory requirements’, ‘quality of compression‐based models’ and ‘gains in computation speed’ are studied. These analyses are performed at different compression levels. For testing purposes, spectroscopic imaging data acquired from bacterial samples and remote sensing are used. The results demonstrate that the proposed compression‐based KPCA algorithm is (a) feasible on personal computers and (b) derives good approximations of the models determined by the memory‐demanding uncompressed KPCA. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
De‐racemization of Enantiomers versus De‐epimerization of Diastereomers—Classification of Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformations (DYKAT)
Authors: Steinreiber Johannes , Faber Kurt , Griengl Herfried 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe isolation of single stereoisomers from a racemic (or diastereomeric) mixture by enzymatic or chemical resolution techniques goes in hand with the disposal of 50 % (racemate) or more (diastereomeric mixtures) of the “undesired” substrate isomer(s). In order to circumvent this drawback, dynamic systems have been developed for the de‐racemization of enantiomers and the de‐epimerizations of diastereomers. Key strategies within this area are discussed and are classified according to their underlying kinetics, that is, dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR), dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformations (DYKAT), and hybrids between both of them. Finally, two novel types of DYKAT are defined.
Label‐Free Fluorescent Probing of G‐Quadruplex Formation and Real‐Time Monitoring of DNA Folding by a Quaternized Tetraphenylethene Salt with Aggregation‐Induced Emission Characteristics
Authors: Hong Yuning , Häußler Matthias , Lam Jacky W. Y. , Li Zhen , Sin King Keung , Dong Yongqiang , Tong Hui , Liu Jianzhao , Qin Anjun , Renneberg Reinhard , Tang Ben Zhong 
Published: June 2008

AbstractBiosensing processes such as molecular beacons require non‐trivial effort to covalently label or mark biomolecules. We report here a label‐free DNA assay system with a simple dye with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) characteristics as the fluorescent bioprobe. 1,1,2,2‐Tetrakis[4‐(2‐bromoethoxy)phenyl]ethene is nonemissive in solution but becomes highly emissive when aggregated. This AIE effect is caused by restriction of intramolecular rotation, as verified by a large increase in the emission intensity by increasing viscosity and decreasing temperature of the aqueous buffer solution of 1,1,2,2‐tetrakis[4‐(2‐triethylammonioethoxy)phenyl]ethene tetrabromide (TTAPE). When TTAPE is bound to a guanine‐rich DNA strand (G1) via electrostatic attraction, its intramolecular rotation is restricted and its emission is turned on. When a competitive cation is added to the G1 solution, TTAPE is detached and its emission is turned off. TTAPE works as a sensitive poststaining agent for poly(acrylamide) gel electrophoresis (PAGE) visualization of G1. The dye is highly affinitive to a secondary structure of G1 called the G‐quadruplex. The bathochromic shift involved in the G1 folding process allows spectral discrimination of the G‐quadruplex from other DNA structures. The strong affinity of TTAPE dye to the G‐quadruplex structure is associated with a geometric fit aided by the electrostatic attraction. The distinct AIE feature of TTAPE enables real‐time monitoring of folding process of G1 in the absence of any pre‐attached fluorogenic labels on the DNA strand. TTAPE can be used as a K+ ion biosensor because of its specificity to K+‐induced and ‐stabilized quadruplex structure.
Doping of C60 Fullerene Peapods with Lithium Vapor: Raman Spectroscopic and Spectroelectrochemical Studies
Authors: Kalbáč Martin , Kavan Ladislav , Zukalová Markéta , Dunsch Lothar 
Published: June 2008

AbstractRaman spectroscopy and in situ Raman spectroelectrochemistry have been applied to the study of the lithium vapor doping of C60@SWCNTs (peapods; SWCNT=single‐walled carbon nanotube). A strong degree of doping was proven by the disappearance of the radial breathing mode (RBM) of the SWCNTs and by the attenuation of the tangential (TG) band intensity by two orders of magnitude. The lithium doping causes a downshift of the Ag(2) mode of the intratubular C60 by 27 cm−1 and changes the resonance condition of the encapsulated fullerene. In contrast to potassium vapor doping, the strong downshift of the TG band was not observed for lithium doping. The peapods treated with lithium vapor remained partially doped even when they were exposed to humid air. This was reflected by a reduction in the intensity of the nanotube and the fullerene modes and by the change in the shape of the RBM band compared with that of the undoped sample. The Ag(2) mode of the intratubular fullerene was not resolved after contact of the lithium‐doped sample with water. Lithium insertion into the interior of a peapod and its strong interaction with the intratubular fullerene is suggested to be responsible for the air‐insensitive residual doping. This residual doping was confirmed by in situ spectroelectrochemical measurements. The TG band of the lithium‐doped peapods did not undergo an upshift during the anodic doping, which points to the formation of a stable exohedral metallofullerene peapod.
Full Structure of the Carbohydrate Chain of the Lipopolysaccharide of Providencia rustigianii O34
Authors: Kocharova Nina A. , Kondakova Anna N. , Vinogradov Evgeny , Ovchinnikova Olga G. , Lindner Buko , Shashkov Alexander S. , Rozalski Antoni , Knirel Yuriy A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA lipopolysaccharide isolated from an opportunistic pathogen of the Enterobacteriaceae family Providencia rustigianii O34 was found to be a mixture of R‐, SR‐, and S‐forms consisting of a lipid moiety (lipid A) that bears a core oligosaccharide, a core with one O‐polysaccharide repeating unit attached, and a long‐chain O‐polysaccharide, respectively. The corresponding carbohydrate moieties were released from the lipopolysaccharide by mild acid hydrolysis and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy and high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. As a result, the structures of the core and the O‐polysaccharide were established, including the structure of the biological repeating unit (an oligosaccharide that is preassembled and polymerized in biosynthesis of the O‐polysaccharide), as well as the mode of the linkage between the O‐polysaccharide and the core. Combining the structure of the carbohydrate moiety thus determined and the known structure of lipid A enabled determination of the full lipopolysaccharide structure of P. rustigianii O34.