bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
APPLICATIONS ARITHMÉTIQUES DE L'INTERPOLATION LAGRANGIENNE
Authors: RIVOAL TANGUY 
Published: March 2009

Newton's polynomial interpolation was applied in many situations in number theory, for example, to prove Polya's famous theorem on the growth of arithmetic entire function or the transcendency of eπ by Gel'fond. In this paper, we study certain arithmetic applications of the rational interpolation defined by René Lagrange in 1935, which was never done before. More precisely, we obtain new proofs of the irrationality of the numbers log(2) and ζ(3). Furthermore, we provide a simultaneous generalization of Newton and Lagrange's interpolations, which enables us to get the irrationality of ζ(2). L'interpolation polynomiale de Newton a eu de très nombreuses applications arithmétiques en théorie des nombres, comme le célèbre théorème de Polya sur la croissance des fonctions entières arithmétiques ou encore la transcendance de eπ par Gel'fond. Dans ce papier, on présente certaines applications arithmétiques de l'interpolation rationnelle définie par René Lagrange en 1935, ce qui n'avait jamais été fait auparavant. On retrouve ainsi l'irrationalité des nombres log(2) et ζ(3). On montre ensuite comment généraliser simultanément l'interpolation de Newton et celle de Lagrange, ce qui nous permet de retrouver l'irrationalité de ζ(2).
Monotone Generalized Nonlinear Contractions in Partially Ordered Metric Spaces
Authors: Ćirić Ljubomir , Cakić Nenad , Rajović Miloje , Ume Jeong Sheok 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA concept of "Equation missing"-monotone mapping is introduced, and some fixed and common fixed point theorems for "Equation missing"-non-decreasing generalized nonlinear contractions in partially ordered complete metric spaces are proved. Presented theorems are generalizations of very recent fixed point theorems due to Agarwal et al. (2008).
Approximating Common Fixed Points of Lipschitzian Semigroup in Smooth Banach Spaces
Authors: Saeidi Shahram 
Published: March 2009

AbstractLet "Equation missing" be a left amenable semigroup, let "Equation missing" be a representation of "Equation missing" as Lipschitzian mappings from a nonempty compact convex subset "Equation missing" of a smooth Banach space E into C with a uniform Lipschitzian condition, let "Equation missing" be a strongly left regular sequence of means defined on an "Equation missing"-stable subspace of "Equation missing", let "Equation missing" be a contraction on "Equation missing", and let "Equation missing" be sequences in (0, 1) such that "Equation missing", for all n. Let "Equation missing", for all "Equation missing". Then, under suitable hypotheses on the constants, we show that "Equation missing" converges strongly to some "Equation missing" in "Equation missing", the set of common fixed points of "Equation missing", which is the unique solution of the variational inequality "Equation missing", for all "Equation missing".
An SIMD Programmable Vision Chip with High-Speed Focal Plane Image Processing
Authors: Ginhac Dominique , Dubois Jérôme , Paindavoine Michel , Heyrman Barthélémy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA high-speed analog VLSI image acquisition and low-level image processing system are presented. The architecture of the chip is based on a dynamically reconfigurable SIMD processor array. The chip features a massively parallel architecture enabling the computation of programmable mask-based image processing in each pixel. Extraction of spatial gradients and convolutions such as Sobel operators are implemented on the circuit. Each pixel includes a photodiode, an amplifier, two storage capacitors, and an analog arithmetic unit based on a four-quadrant multiplier architecture. A "Equation missing" pixel proof-of-concept chip was fabricated in a 0.35 "Equation missing"m standard CMOS process, with a pixel size of 35 "Equation missing"m "Equation missing" 35 "Equation missing"m. A dedicated embedded platform including FPGA and ADCs has also been designed to evaluate the vision chip. The chip can capture raw images up to 10 000 frames per second and runs low-level image processing at a framerate of 2 000 to 5 000 frames per second.
Best Proximity Point Theorems for p-Cyclic Meir-Keeler Contractions
Authors: Karpagam S. , Agrawal Sushama 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe consider a contraction map "Equation missing" of the Meir-Keeler type on the union of p subsets "Equation missing", "Equation missing", of a metric space ("Equation missing") to itself. We give sufficient conditions for the existence and convergence of a best proximity point for such a map.
The Afterlife of Emperor Claudius in Seneca's Apocolocyntosis
Authors: Paschalis Michael 
Published: March 2009

Seneca's
Apocolocyntosis
, the earliest extant example of ancient Menippean satire, tells of Emperor Claudius' death and ascent to heaven, where his request for deification is rejected by the council of the gods, and his subsequent descent to the underworld, where he is condemned of mass murder of Roman noblemen. Claudius is not an observer of things in heaven and the underworld or a character involved in a quest for knowledge and truth, but a dead character who undergoes judgment. He is also a dead character who behaves as if he were still alive. Seneca suggests that Claudius' afterlife is a mere continuation of his earthly life and vice-versa that he had always been living in an isolated and “fantastic” world. The
Apocolocyntosi
s parodies epic descents and historiographical topoi as well as the mythological otherworld of punishment and reward, ideas of afterlife, and imperial deification.
The Buddhist Hell: An Early Instance of the Idea?
Authors: Braarvig Jens 
Published: March 2009

In spite of the modern idea that Buddhism is too rational a religion to have a conception of hell, the case is just the opposite. The Buddhists promoted this idea very early. This is not really surprising, since the idea of hell is closely connected with the concept of
kamma
, action, and its fruit or result. Every living being is what it is by the force of its actions in this or earlier lives: good actions entail rebirth in heaven or as a human, while bad actions have as their result rebirth as an animal, a ghost, or worst of all, in hell. In the Buddhist hell one is thus punished by the evil actions themselves, not by some sort of divine justice. Although life in hell is not eternal in Buddhism, it can still last for an enormous time span until the bad actions have been atoned for and one is reborn to a happier state of existence. Thus hell plays a great part in the Buddhist system of teachings, and it is a favourite topic in the monastic rules as well as in the narrative literature of the
Jātakas
, the subject of which is the Buddha's earlier lives. Hell is discussed as a topic already in the
Kathāvatthu
, the first scholarly treatise of Buddhism with a named author, datable between 250 and 100 BC. The discussion in the
Kathāvatthu
represents what may be seen as a fully developed conception of hell, and thus the Buddhist hell as described by its earliest canonical literature predates the appearance of the idea in most, if not all other religious traditions.
The Origins of Christian Hell
Authors: Kyrtatas Dimitris 
Published: March 2009

The paper re-examines the evidence concerning the early Christian conceptions of punishment of sinners in the afterlife. It commences with the New Testament and the ideas attributed to Jesus and moves on to the apocryphal
Apocalypse of Peter
, composed about a generation later, which enjoyed great popularity among several early Christian circles and was seriously considered for inclusion in the New Testament canon. It is claimed that as it now reads,
Apoc. Pet.
advances ideas about hell that sharply contrast those presented in the New Testament. To solve this riddle, it is proposed that the
Apoc. Pet.
, as it has been preserved, was reorganized at a much later stage to meet the needs of the developing Church. Its original meaning was consequently twisted almost beyond recognition. In its earliest layers, the apocryphal document appears to have been mostly concerned, just like the New Testament, with salvation rather than everlasting chastisement.
Voices and Bodies: The Afterlife of the Unborn
Authors: Shanzer Danuta 
Published: March 2009

This article discuses the fate of a special class of child, the unborn, in the afterlife, as well as the gradual criminalization of abortion in Antiquity. Particular attention is paid to a possible prohibition of abortion in Orphism that may underpin the
nekyiai
in P. Bon. 4. and Vergil
Aen
. 6. Then it turns to depictions of the aborted in the
Apocalypse of Peter
and its late antique off spring to show how the aborted fetus gradually acquires a visible body and an articulate voice. At the same time, the theology of sentiment works out its solutions to mitigate the problem of the innocent in hell. The fate of the almost bodiless fetus in the Resurrection became a bone of contention by the early 5th C. The satirical questions posed Christians about the resurrection of the unborn may first have been raised by Porphyry. His interest in the embryo and its ensoulment in the
Pros Gauron
are adduced as evidence. Attention is drawn to Augustine's doubts about the status and fate of the human embryo, and some reasons are suggested about why he hesitated to adopt an unambiguous “human from conception” position. In the 5th C., after the Pelagian controversy, attention began to shift from the unborn to the unbaptized, who dominate the
nekyiai
of the Middle Ages. The rise of the Mizuko kuyō cult in Japan shows astonishing parallels to what happened in Late Antiquity.
The Fallacies of 'New Dialectics' and Value-Form Theory
Authors: Carchedi Guglielmo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChris Arthur's approach aims at a systematic re-ordering of Marx's categories. This article argues that his approach is actually a different ordering of different categories that are positioned within a specific theoretical whole, a Hegelian re-interpretation of Marx and especially of abstract labour, which distances itself from Marx. While the debate has focused mainly on the philosophical aspects of Arthur's work, its economic features have not been the object of a systematic analysis. Yet, a full assessment of the 'New Dialectics' should include explicitly a systematic internal critique of its economic dimensions. The aim of this article is to assess the internal consistency of the economic ramifications of the 'New Dialectics'. The focus is on the notions of abstract labour, concrete labour, and exploitation. Arthur's faithfulness to Marx, or correspondence to Marx's quotations, is not the criterion used to assess the 'New Dialectics'. Rather, the criterion is whether it (a) discovers logical inconsistencies in Capital and (b) is itself free from inconsistencies. The answer is negative in both cases.
Biomechanical Comparison of Medial Collateral Ligament Reconstructions Using Computer-Assisted Navigation
Authors: Feeley Brian T. , Muller Mark S. , Allen Answorth A. , Granchi Carrine C. , Pearle Andrew D. 
Published: March 2009

Background The medial collateral ligament is a broad ligament that functions as the primary stabilizer against valgus knee stress, particularly at 30° of flexion. Hypothesis A double-bundle reconstruction technique that better restores the native medial collateral ligament anatomy will restore valgus and external rotation stability to a medial collateral ligament–deficient knee. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Seven fresh-frozen cadaveric knees were studied. A surgical navigation system was used to determine valgus opening and external rotation at 0° and 30° with a 9.8-N·m valgus stress applied to the tibia graft isometry at multiple points on the tibia and femur. Intact and disrupted medial collateral ligament knees were used as controls. Four repair techniques were tested: Bosworth, modified Bosworth, anatomical single bundle, and anatomical double bundle. Results Complete sectioning of the medial collateral ligament resulted in an increase in valgus opening of 5° at 0° and 7.7° at 30°. External rotation increased 4.6° at 0° and 9.7° at 30°. Single-bundle techniques (Bosworth, anatomical single bundle) did not restore valgus laxity at 0° or 30°; the anatomical single bundle did not restore external rotation at 0°. Double-bundle techniques (modified Bosworth, anatomical double bundle) restored valgus laxity and external rotation to the native knee conditions at 0° and 30°. At 30°, the modified Bosworth was 0.3° tighter and the anatomical double bundle 0.2° tighter than was the intact knee. The center of the medial collateral ligament origin on the femur to the proximal insertion of the superficial medial collateral ligament resulted in the most isometric graft position. Conclusion Medial collateral ligament reconstruction configurations that use a double-bundle reconstruction better resist valgus and external rotations in response to valgus stress than do single-bundle techniques. Clinical Relevance Although the medial collateral ligament often heals without surgical intervention, surgical reconstruction is occasionally necessary in grade III medial collateral ligament and combined ligamentous injuries to the knee. Double-bundle reconstruction of the medial collateral ligament better resists valgus forces across the knee and may allow for better surgical outcome after medial collateral ligament reconstruction.
In Vitro Model to Study Chondrogenic Differentiation in Tendinopathy
Authors: de Mos Marieke , Koevoet Wendy , van Schie Hans T. M. , Kops Nicole , Jahr Holger , Verhaar Jan A. N. , van Osch Gerjo J. V. M. 
Published: March 2009

Background Treatment of midportion Achilles tendinopathy is hampered by limited knowledge of the pathophysiology. Hypothesis Chondrogenic differentiation of tendon cells might take place in midportion Achilles tendinopathy and could be used as a target for drug treatment. An in vitro model for chondrogenic differentiation would be useful to evaluate existing and future treatment opportunities. Study Design Descriptive and controlled laboratory study. Methods Perioperatively harvested tissue from human midportion Achilles tendinotic lesions and healthy Achilles tendons was analyzed by microscopy and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In vitro chondrogenic differentiation of tendon explants was induced using transforming-growth-factor beta. This model was modulated by removing the chondrogenic stimulus or adding triamcinolone or platelet-rich plasma. Results Midportion Achilles tendinotic lesions had increased glycosaminoglycan staining and more rounded cell nuclei. Chondrogenic markers (sex-determining region Y)–box9, aggrecan, collagen 2, and RUNT-related transcription factor 2 were upregulated, but collagen 10 was not. Nondegenerative tendon explants cultured on chondrogenic medium had higher expression of aggrecan, collagen 2, and collagen 10 but not (sex-determining region Y)–box9 and RUNT-related transcription factor 2. Removing the chondrogenic stimulus decreased expression of aggrecan, collagen 2, and collagen 10. Both triamcinolone and platelet-rich plasma influenced the chondrogenic gene expression pattern in the in vitro model. Conclusion Chondrogenic differentiation is present in midportion Achilles tendinopathy. An in vitro model to study this chondrogenic differentiation was developed. Clinical Relevance This model can be used to investigate chondrogenic differentiation as a possible target for drug treatment, contributing to the development of more successful mechanism-based treatment opportunities.
Stress Intensity Factor for an Interphase Griffith Crack Interacting with Two Imperfect Interfaces
Authors: Park P.G. , Sudak L.J. 
Published: March 2009

The solution for the elastic three-phase circular inclusion problem plays a fundamental role in many practical and theoretical applications. In particular, it offers the fundamental solution for the generalized self-consistent method in the mechanics of composites materials. In this work, a semi-analytical method is presented for the problem of a pre-existing radial Griffith crack embedded within the interphase layer surrounding a circular inclusion. Novel to this work is that the bonding at the inclusion—interphase interface and the interphase-matrix interface is considered to be imperfect with the assumption that the interface imperfections are constant. Employing complex variable techniques, we derive series representations for the corresponding stress functions inside the inclusion, in the interphase layer and the surrounding matrix. The governing boundary value problem is then formulated in such a way that these stress distributions simultaneously satisfy the traction-free condition along the crack face, the imperfect interface conditions and the prescribed asymptotic loading conditions. The advantage of the series method over other methods, such as the dislocation density method, is that in the former case the resulting expressions are linear and can be solved readily whereas in the latter case the method leads to cumbersome integral equations which are often numerically difficult to solve. Stress intensity factor (SIF) calculations are performed at the crack tips for different material property combinations, imperfect interface conditions and crack locations under mode I loading. The results not only provide for a quantitative description of the interaction between a radial interphase crack and a three-phase inclusion with imperfect interfaces but the results clearly demonstrate the significance of how two imperfect boundaries can influence crack behavior.
TOURCOMP: A program for estimating end-member proportions in tourmalines
Authors: Pesquera A. , Torres F. , Gil-Crespo P. , Torres-Ruiz J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA Visual Basic program (TOURCOMP) has been written to recast the tourmaline composition into end-member components from electron microprobe data or more complete tourmaline analyses. TOURCOMP is a program based on a linear algebraic model that directly calculates the end-member proportions of tourmalines from their structural formulae. The program is developed for IBM-compatible personal computers running under the Windows™ operating system. The source code has been also translated and compiled in order to run on an Apple computer. Analytical problems, uncertainties concerning site occupancies, and the normalization procedure to determine the structural formula are the main error sources. However, the method of recalculating tourmaline end-members presented in this paper is considered to provide reasonably good results, bearing in mind the chemical complexity of tourmaline.
Magnetic behaviour of trioctahedral mica-2M1 occurring in a magnetic anomaly zone
Authors: Pini S. , Affronte M. , Brigatti M. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis work relates the crystal chemistry and the magnetic behaviour of a trioctahedral mica (chemical formula: (K0.90Na0.01Ca0.01Ba0.01 ☐0.07)(Al0.05Fe2+1.10Mg1.38Ti0.32Mn0.01☐0.04)(Al1.12Si2.88)O10 (F0.27OH1.27O0.46); unit cell parameters: a = 5.345(2) Å, b = 9.261(4) Å, c = 20.189(8) Å; β = 95.075(8)°) from Minto Block (Ungava peninsula, northern Quebec, Canada), a region characterized by high magnetic anomalies. Crystallographic and X-ray absorption spectroscopy data suggest a prevalent divalent oxidation state for Fe and a disordered Fe 2+ distribution in the two octahedral sites Ml and M2. The real part of magnetic susceptibility shows two peaks at ∼5.2 K and 120 K. However, as demonstrated by AC magnetic susceptibility measurements, the origin of the two effects is different: the peak position of the first one (i.e. the effect revealed at 5.2 K) is frequency-dependent, thus suggesting a spin-glass like behaviour. The effect at 120 K can instead be attributed to the occurrence of diluted phases in mica matrix, such as Fe oxides.
The crystal chemistry of Al-bearing goethites: an infrared spectroscopic study
Authors: Blanch A. J. , Quinton J. S. , Lenehan C. E. , Pring A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAluminium substitution into goethite, α-FeOOH, has been studied systematically by infrared spectroscopy over the frequency interval 150 to 700 cm-1. A range of synthetic compositions. (Fe1-xAlx)OOH, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.0857, plus end-member diaspore (AlOOH) were examined. The IR spectrum of FeOOH over the range of interest can be deconvoluted into 9 peaks: 670, 633, 497, 451, 409, 396, 360, 290 and 268 cm-1. With addition of Al, the spectra become broader and the frequencies of the modes shift to higher values. An effective line width parameter Δcorr was determined by autocorrelation analysis for each spectrum and there is a significant increase in the Δcorr for compositions with >5.85 mol.% Al substitution, indicating that there is very significant structural strain associated with this solid solution at compositions where a significant number of Al sites will have an additional Al atom in the first cation coordination sphere. Trends in the values of Δcorr with composition mirrored published enthalpy of mixing values indicating that Al-goethite is metastable with respect to the goethite and diaspore end-members. The role of substitutional strain and possible partial order of Al is briefly discussed.
Defect microstructures in garnet, omphacite and symplectite from UHP eclogites, eastern Dabieshan, China: a TEM and FTIR study
Authors: Wu Xiuling , Meng Dawei , Fan Xiaoyu , Meng Xin , Zheng Jianping , Mason Roger 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGarnets, omphacite and the minerals of a clinopyroxene/amphibole/plagioclase symplectite in UHP eclogites from Yingshan, Dabieshan have been investigated by TEM and Micro-FTIR. TEM reveals that the predominant microstructures in eclogites and symplectite-forming minerals are chain multiplicity faults (CMFs), dislocation substructures, clusters of water molecules up to ∼50 nm in diameter and recrystallized grains ∼1.75 μm in diameter. This indicates dynamic recrystallization of omphacite, probably during an eclogite-facies metamorphic episode. The deformation structures in symplectite-forming minerals were produced by plastic deformation related to an amphibolite-facies retrograde metamorphic event. CMFs described in the present work demonstrate the existence of an infrequent ½<011> (010) slip system forP2/nomphacite from an UHP eclogite sample from Dabieshan. The frequent occurrence of CMFs in omphacite suggests that they indicate an important deformation mechanism in omphacite and shows that this slip system plays a significant role in the deformation and recovery of eclogite. The hydrous components of deformed minerals may cause plastic deformation of the rocks by dislocation movement and accelerate retrograde metamorphism. Micro-FTIR results show that all the garnets and omphacites contain structural water occurring as hydroxyl groups (OH) or water (H2O). The structural water contents in omphacite range from 110—710 ppm and in garnet from 0—180 ppm. Water released during decompression might supply an early-stage retrograde metamorphic fluid.