bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of the California electricity reserves market
Authors: Metaxoglou Konstantinos , Smith Aaron 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe test the efficiency of the California electricity reserves market by examining systematic differences between its day‐ and hour‐ahead prices. We uncover significant day‐ahead premia, which we attribute to market design characteristics. On the demand side, the market design established a principal–agent relationship between the markets' buyers (principal) and their supervisory authority (agent). The agent had very limited incentives to shift reserve purchases to the lower priced hour‐ahead markets. On the supply side, the market design raised substantial entry barriers by precluding purely speculative trading and by introducing a complicated code of conduct that induced uncertainty about which actions were subject to regulatory scrutiny. We use a high‐dimensional vector moving average model to estimate the premia and conduct correct inferences. To obtain exact maximum likelihood estimates of the model, we develop a new EM algorithm that seamlessly incorporates missing data and applies directly to general moving average time series models. Our algorithm uses only analytical expressions: the Kalman filter and a fixed interval smoother in the E step and least squares‐type regressions in the M step. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Is garlic a promising food for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?
Authors: Devrim Erdinç , Durak Ilker 
Published: October 2007

AbstractProstate cancer is one of the most common male malignancies worldwide, and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a common cause of lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men. Garlic (Allium sativum) has been known to have anti‐inflammatory, anti‐cancer and antioxidant effects. Owing to these effects, garlic and its preparations have been used for the treatment of prostate cancer and relief of BPH symptoms for decades. It is thought that the mechanism(s) through which garlic may show anti‐cancer and anti‐inflammatory effects should be investigated further. Several researchers are attempting to demonstrate the useful properties of garlic and its mechanism(s) of action. This review aims to present the current studies related with the effects of garlic in prostate diseases, namely prostate cancer and BPH.
Garlic (Allium sativum L.): Adverse effects and drug interactions in humans
Authors: Borrelli Francesca , Capasso Raffaele , Izzo Angelo A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractGarlic (Alllium sativum L., Fam Liliaceae) is used medicinally mainly for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of arteriosclerosis. Clinical trials have consistently shown that “garlic breath” and body odor are the most common (and well‐documented) complaints associated to garlic intake. Case reports have highlighted the possibility that garlic use may cause allergic reactions (allergic contact dermatitis, generalized urticaria, angiedema, pemphigus, anaphylaxis and photoallergy), alteration of platelet function and coagulation (with a possible risk of bleeding), and burns (when fresh garlic is applied on the skin, particularly under occlusive dressings). Consumption of garlic by nursing mothers modifies their infant's behavior during breast‐feeding. Finally, garlic may enhance the pharmacological effect of anticoagulants (e. g. warfarin, fluindione) and reduce the efficacy of anti‐AIDS drugs (i. e. saquinavir).
Fumonisin B1 alters cell cycle progression and interleukin‐2 synthesis in swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Marin Daniela E. , Gouze Marie‐Estelle , Taranu Ionelia , Oswald Isabelle P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFumonisin B1 (FB1) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium verticillioides, a fungus that commonly contaminates maize. In the present study, we investigated the effects of FB1 on swine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by measuring cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and interleukin (IL)‐2 production. Forty‐eight hours after treatment in vitro, FB1 induced a decrease of PBMC proliferation as measured by cell counting and dehydrogenase enzyme activity. This effect was observed starting with 10 μM FB1. The effect of FB1 on cell cycle progression was analyzed by flow cytometry. Incubation of PBMC with FB1 increased the percentage of cells blocked in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Treatment with 200 μM FB1 induces a high blockade of the cell cycle, with 92.4% of cells in G0/G1 phase. This blockade was observed in all lymphocyte subsets tested (CD2+, CD4+, CD8+ and Ig+) as evidenced by dual staining for DNA and membrane surface molecules. A significant decrease of IL2 production was also observed in the supernatants of ConA stimulated PBMC treated with 100 or 200 μM FB1. In conclusion, these data suggest that FB1 may affect immune functions by inhibiting lymphocyte proliferation and IL2 production, suggesting a possible role of FB1 exposure during infectious disease and cancer.
Preventive effects of diallyl sulfide on 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene induced DNA alkylation damage in mouse skin
Authors: Nigam Nidhi , Shukla Yogeshwer 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMutations that occur through DNA strand breaks are the prerequisites for the development of tumors, which ultimately leads to various genetic disorders including cancer. A number of naturally occurring compounds including certain dietary constituents play an important role in causation and prevention of a number of genetic diseases. Diallyl sulfide (DAS), a volatile organosulfur compound present in garlic has been shown to possess various pharmacological effects including cancer preventive properties. Now we are reporting the antimutagenic properties of DAS on 7,12‐ dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), a carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, induced DNA strand breaks in mouse skin, using an alkaline unwinding assay. DAS (2.5–10 mg/kg body‐weight) was applied topically, prior and post to DMBA (5 mg/kg body‐weight) at the sampling time of 24, 48, 72 and 96 h. DAS application resulted in a significant (p < 0.001) protection in DMBA‐induced DNA strand breaks. The pre‐treatment of DAS (10 mg/kg body‐weight) showed 68.35% protection and post‐treatment showed 59.49% protection, at an intermittent period of 48 h, against DMBA‐induced DNA strand breakage. These findings suggest that DAS can effectively check the mutations induced by environmental toxicants.
Polarization transfer for sensitivity‐enhanced MRS using a single radio frequency transmit channel
Authors: Klomp D. W. J. , Kentgens A. P. M. , Heerschap A. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPolarization transfer techniques are used to enhance sensitivity and improve localization in multinuclear MRS, by transferring polarization from highly polarized or even hyperpolarized nuclei to less sensitive spin systems. Clinical MR scanners are in general not equipped with a second radio frequency (RF) transmit channel, making the conventional implementation of polarization transfer techniques such as distortionless enhanced polarization transfer (DEPT) impossible. Here we present a DEPT sequence using pulses sequentially that can be used on a single RF transmit channel (SC‐DEPT). Theoretical simulations, phantom measurements, and in vivo results from human brain at 3 T show that the SC‐DEPT method performs as well as the conventional DEPT method. The results indicate that an independent second RF transmit channel for simultaneous pulsing at different nuclear frequencies is not needed for polarization transfer, facilitating the use of these methods with common clinical systems with minor modifications in the RF architecture. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of concomitant treatment with a CYP3A4 inhibitor and a calcium channel blocker
Authors: Yoshida Masanori , Matsumoto Takuyuki , Suzuki Tatsuo , Kitamura Shigeto , Mayama Takashi 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPurposeGrapefruit juice has been found to interact with calcium channel blockers (CCB). This interaction is due to certain nutrients found in grapefruit juice that block the activity of cytochrome P‐450 (CYP) 3A4 in the small intestine and liver. Inhibition of CYP3A4 markedly increases bioavailability and increases the risk of an adverse drug reaction (ADR). Many drugs are known to have CYP3A4‐blocking activity. This study was performed to investigate whether the concomitant use of a CYP3A4 inhibitor and a CCB in hypertensive patients results in an elevated incidence of ADRs.MethodsThe study included data on 17 430 patients receiving a CCB. Data were obtained from an anti‐hypertensive drug database developed by the RAD‐AR Council, Japan. A nested case‐control design was employed for this study. Cases are defined as patients experiencing an ADR during the follow‐up period of 12 weeks. Four controls per case, matched for CCB use, were selected via incidence density sampling. An estimate of the association between the CYP3A4 inhibitor and the ADR was obtained via multivariate conditional logistic regression.ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed that the odds ratio for experiencing an ADR for the group treated concomitantly with a CCB and a CYP3A4 inhibitor was 1.35 (95% confidence intervals (95%CI), 1.02–1.78), compared with CCB monotherapy. The odds ratio based on multivariate analysis using the 1:4 matched dataset was 1.53 (95%CI, 0.95–2.47) after adjusting for possible confounding factors.ConclusionsThe concomitant treatment with a CYP3A4 inhibitor and a CCB increases the risk of an ADR by 53%, compared with CCB monotherapy. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with 10‐undecen‐1‐ol using the catalyst system DADNi(NCS)2/MAO
Authors: Carone Carlos L. P. , Crossetti Geraldo L. , Basso Nara R. S. , Moraes Álvaro G. O. , dos Santos João H. Z. , Bisatto Rubens , Galland Griselda B. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe catalyst DADNi(NCS)2 (DAD = (ArNC(Me)C(Me)ArN); Ar = 2,6‐C6H3), activated by methylaluminoxane, was tested in ethylene polymerization at temperatures above 25 °C and variable Al/Ni ratio. The system was shown to be active even at 80 °C and when supported on silica. However, catalyst activity decreased. The catalyst system was also tested in ethylene and 10‐undecen‐1‐ol copolymerization at different ethylene pressures. The best activities were obtained at low polar monomer concentration (0.017 mol/L), using triisopropylaluminum (Al‐i‐Pr3) to protect the polar monomer. The incorporation of the comonomer increased with the increase of polar monomer concentration. According to 13C NMR analyses, all the resulting polyethylenes were highly branched and the polar monomer incorporation decreased as ethylene pressure increased. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 5199–5208, 2007
Migrant women in male‐dominated sectors of the labour market: a research agenda
Authors: Raghuram Parvati 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThere is a growing literature on female labour migration, but much of this focuses on women who move to work in labour‐market sectors where a large proportion of workers are women. This paper argues that there has been much less study of women who migrate to work in male‐dominated sectors of the labour market, and explores the nature of this lacuna within research on female migration. It then highlights the increasing presence of women migrants in the ICT sector as one example of an area that has received little study. Finally, the paper explores some reasons why a study of female migrant's experiences in male‐dominated sectors of the labour market is important, and what it can add to existing research on female migration more generally. In particular, it urges us to view gender as it intersects and overlaps with other social divisions to produce complex landscapes of female mobility. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fullerene derivatives encapsulated in carbon nanotubes
Authors: Plank W. , Kuzmany H. , Simon F. , Saito T. , Ohshima S. , Yumura M. , Iijima S. , Rotas G. , Pagona G. , Tagmatarchis N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe report on the preparation and subsequent Raman analysis of carbon nanotube peapods, using the fullerene C60 and its heterofullerene derivative (C59N)2 as filling materials. The filling with (C59N)2 was done from liquid solution at room temperature and from the gas phase at elevated temperatures. The success of the encapsulation procedure is confirmed through the identification of fingerprint Raman modes and the conversion to double wall nanotubes through heating to 1250 °C. The 2D mode of double wall nanotubes made from (C59N)2 peapods is observed to be downshifted compared to the same mode in double wall nanotubes made from C60 peapods. We interpret this downshift as an evidence for the integration of the nitrogen into the lattice of the inner tube. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication of carbon nanotube‐based field‐effect transistors for studies of their memory effects
Authors: Zavodchikova M. Y. , Johansson A. , Rinkiö M. , Toppari J. J. , Nasibulin A. G. , Kauppinen E. I. , Törmä P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCarbon nanotube‐based field‐effect transistors (CNTFETs) have been fabricated using nanometer thin dielectric material as the gate insulator film. The demonstrated fabrication technique is highly suitable for preparing devices with low contact resistances between the electrodes and the carbon nanotube, down to 14 kΩ. Electronic transport measurements of the fabricated devices have been conducted on more than 70 FETs. Hysteretic behavior in the transfer characteristics of some CNTFETs was observed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Validation of the PathFinder™ neurosurgical robot using a phantom
Authors: Eljamel M. S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundMinimally invasive surgery was born out of recent advances in neuro‐imaging and stereotactic technology. As a result, the scale of neurosurgical procedures will soon be so small that it will not be within the ability of the most gifted and skilled neurosurgeons of today. Hence, neurosurgical robotics is the natural evolution in this field. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of a new robotic system in a neurosurgical phantom, comparing it to standard frame‐based and frameless technology of today.MethodsIn total, 19 different targets were approached by two standard stereotactic frames, the Stealth Station frameless system and the robot. The CRW and the ZD stereotactic frames were used. The frameless system was the Stealth Station image guidance system. The phantom used was a replica of the human skull fitted with 10 surface and nine deep targets.ResultsThe robotic system outperformed both frame‐based and frameless systems in all experiments in this study. The application accuracies were: robot, 0.5 mm; stereotactic frames, 0.98 mm; and frameless system, 1.96 mm.ConclusionsThe robotic system was as accurate as the stereotactic frame, but without technical restrictions and cumbersome manual adjustments. Furthermore, the robotic system had near‐absolute geometric accuracy, was reliable to perform the same procedure over and over without tiresomeness, variation or boredom, and would be impervious to biohazards and hostile environments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeated confidence intervals for adaptive group sequential trials
Authors: Mehta Cyrus R. , Bauer Peter , Posch Martin , Brannath Werner 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method for computing conservative confidence intervals for a group sequential test in which an adaptive design change is made one or more times over the course of the trial. The key idea, due to Müller and Schäfer (Biometrics2001;57:886–891), is that by preserving the null conditional rejection probability of the remainder of the trial at the time of each adaptive change, the overall type I error rate, taken unconditionally over all possible design modifications, is also preserved. We show how this principle may be extended to construct one‐sided confidence intervals by applying the idea to a sequence of dual tests derived from the repeated confidence intervals (RCIs) proposed by Jennison and Turnbull (J. Roy. Statist. Soc. B1989;51:301–361). These adaptive RCIs, such as their classical counterparts, have the advantage that they preserve the desired coverage probability even if the pre‐specified stopping rule is over‐ruled. The statistical methodology is explored by simulations and is illustrated by an application to a clinical trial of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic and Structural Studies of Lead and Bismuth Organohalides Bearing a β‐Diketiminato Ligand
Authors: Pineda Leslie W. , Jancik Vojtech , Nembenna Sharanappa , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo novel organohalides of lead and bismuth supported by a ß‐diketiminato ligand are reported. Salt elimination reactions of the β‐diketiminatolithium salt and the corresponding lead and bismuth halides led to the isolation of lead [{HC(CMeNAr)2}PbBr] (2; Ar = 2,6‐iPr2C6H3) and bismuth [{HC(Et2NCH2CH2NCMe)2}BiCl2] (4), respectively. These new compounds have been characterized by spectrometric and elemental analyses, and the solid‐state structures have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray structural analysis.
3,5‐Dimethyl‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (Dat) as a Tridentate Ligand in the Polymeric Cations of [Ag3(Dat)2](NO3)3
Authors: Nockemann Peter , Meyer Gerd 
Published: October 2007

AbstractColourless single crystals of [Ag3(Dat)2](NO3)3 were obtained from a reaction of silver(I) nitrate and 3,5‐dimethyl‐4‐amino‐1,2,4‐triazole (Dat). In the crystal structure (orthorhombic, Fdd2, Z = 8, a = 1100.1(2), b = 3500.3(2), c = 1015.4(3) pm, R1 = 0.0434) there are two crystallographically non‐equivalent silver sites in a one (Ag1) to two ratio (Ag2). Both resemble linear N–Ag–N coordination although angles are 163° and 144°, respectively. Each Dat ligand coordinates with the two ring nitrogen atoms at 216 to 219 pm and with one amino‐nitrogen atom at 229 pm. According to the composition [Ag3(Dat)2]3+ = [(Dat)Ag3/2]3+, a polymeric structure is built with all Ag+ ions bridging.
Synthesis and Structures of New Copper‐Indium Thiolate Cluster Complexes
Authors: Adams Richard D. , Captain Burjor , Zhang Qian‐Feng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTwo new copper indium thiolate complexes were obtained from the reactions of InCl3 and HSnBu with a combination of [Cu(NCMe)4][PF6] and 1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe). In a mixture of methanol and MeCN solvent the complex [In2SnBu2(μ‐SnBu)2Cu2(μ‐dppe)2] (3) was formed. When this reaction was performed in a mixture of MeOH and CH2Cl2 solvent, a higher nuclearity species, [Cu(dppe)2][In4Cl4(μ‐SnBu)12Cu4(μ4‐Cl)] (4) was formed. The monoanion in 4 consists of a central tetrahedral chloride ion coordinated to four copper atoms. The copper atoms are linked to four outer InCl groups by three bridging butylthiolato ligands. Overall, this ion has approximate T‐symmetry and is chiral.
Molybdocene‐based Compounds containing Mo‐Sb and Mo‐Sn Bonds
Authors: Knispel Christina , Limberg Christian , Zimmer Lars , Ziemer Burkhard 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWith the background of the interesting reactivities and novel compounds revealed by investigations concerning the system [RCp2MoH2] and Bi(OtBu)3, analogous reactions of [MeCp2MoH2] with Sb(OtBu)3, SbCl3, SnCl2 and SnCl4 were examined. After treatment of [MeCp2MoH2] with Sb(OtBu)3, the product [MeCp2Mo(Sb(OtBu)2)2] (1), was identified spectroscopically, while the reaction with SbCl3 led to [MeCp2Mo(SbCl2)2] (2) in pure crystalline form so that an X‐ray crystal structure investigation could be performed revealing secondary interactions between the SbCl2 ligands. Treatment of [MeCp2MoH2] with SnCl2 and SnCl4 led to the compounds [MeCp2Mo(H)SnCl2(H)MoMeCp2] (3) and [MeCp2Mo(SnCl3)2] (4), respectively, whose crystal structures could be determined. The solid state structure of 3 served as the basis for a DFT geometry optimisation that, in turn, allowed for an analysis of the electronic structure of this compound. It turned out that the Mo–Sn bonds are polarised towards Mo so that a formal oxidation state of +IV can be assigned to the Sn atom. Facile formation of 4 was in so far surprising as the related reaction of [Cp2MoH2] with SnCl4 stops after the substitution of the first hydride ligand by a SnCl3 unit. Methylation of the Cp rings thus has a pronounced influence on the reactivity.
[{(C7H7LiO)6(thf)2(μ‐diglyme‐κO,κO′)}Li2O]: a μ6‐O2– Ion Encapsulating Aryllithium Compound
Authors: Strohmann Carsten , Gessner Viktoria H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe oxygen‐incorporating compound [{(C7H7LiO)6(thf)(μ‐diglyme‐κO,κO′)}]Li2O (1) was obtained by lithiation of 2‐bromomethoxybenzene with n‐butyllithium in n‐pentane, thf and diglyme. 1 ranks among the rare species of μ6‐O2– ions encapsulating organolithium compounds. At the centre of this mixed aggregate is an octahedral Li6O‐unit, which is additionally capped by lithium atoms at two facing Li3 triangles.
A Stable η2‐Bonded Diazoalkane Complex
Authors: Schaub Thomas , Radius Udo 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and structural characterization of the new complexes [Ni(iPr2Im)2(η2‐C,C‐Me2C=CHCOMe)] (2), [Ni(iPr2Im)2(η2‐H2C=CH‐(4‐C5H4N)] (3) and [Ni(iPr2Im)2(η2‐N,N′‐N2CPh2)] (4) is reported. Complex 4 is remarkably stable under an inert gas atmosphere and does not undergo nitrogen loss under thermal or photochemical conditions.
[{Br2B(η5‐C5H4)}Mn(CO)3] – A versatile Precursor for Boron‐based Ligands
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Bera Holger , Stellwag Sascha , Schwarz Sylvia , Hemberger Yasmin , Radacki Krzysztof 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA range of potential boron‐based ligand precursors has been synthesized starting from [{Br2B(η5‐C5H4)}Mn(CO)3] (1) via salt elimination reactions. These comprise ligand precursors suitable for the preparation of i) ansa‐metallocenes such as [CymB(η1‐C5H5)2] (2), [CymB(1‐C9H7)2] (3a), and [CymB(3‐C9H7)2] (3b), ii) constrained geometry complexes such as [CymB(Br)N(H)tBu] (5) as well as iii) ansa‐diamido complexes such as [CymB{N(H)Ph}2] (4) and [CymB{N(H)tBu}2] (6) (Cym = cymantrenyl, C5H5 = cyclopentadienyl, C9H7 = indenyl). Furthermore, we present the hydrolysis of 1, leading to the three‐fold cymantrenyl‐substituted boroxine [{OB(η5‐C5H4)}Mn(CO)3]3 (7). All new compounds have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopic techniques and in the case of 1 and 7 by X‐ray diffraction analyses.
High‐Spin Ni3Fe2(CN)6 and Cu3Cr2(CN)6 Clusters Based on a Trigonal Bipyramidal Geometry
Authors: Bartlett Bart M. , Harris T. David , DeGroot Marty W. , Long Jeffrey R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of two new cyano‐bridged cluster compounds, [Tp2(cyclen)3NiII3FeIII2(CN)6](BF4)4 (1) and [(Me3tacn)5CuII3CrIII2(CN)6](ClO4)6 (2), are reported. The structure of each cluster is based upon a trigonal bipyramidal geometry, and ferromagnetic coupling between constituent metal ions is shown to give rise to S = 4 and S = $\rm ^{9}/_{2}$ ground states, respectively. A room‐temperature assembly reaction generates a purple form of compound 2, wherein two cyanide stretching frequencies in the infrared spectrum (νCN = 2094, 2156 cm−1) indicate partial isomerism of the cyanide bridging ligands. The X‐ray crystal structure confirms this isomerism via examination of the C and N thermal parameters. At −40 °C, a metastable green form of the compound is instead isolated, for which a single cyanide stretch at νCN = 2156 cm−1 is consistent with an unisomerized cluster. The temperature‐dependence of the magnetization under varying applied field reveals significant axial anisotropy in compound 1, with a significant axial zero‐field splitting while compound 2 shows no zero‐field splitting in either isolated form. In line with the observed anisotropy, AC magnetic susceptibility measurements performed on compound 1 reveal a frequency‐dependent out‐of‐phase signal suggestive of single‐molecule magnet behavior.