bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pharmacogenomic insights: IL-23R and ATG-10 polymorphisms in Sorafenib response for hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El-Sheshtawy Asmaa M. , Werida Rehab H. , Bahgat Monir Hussein , El-Etreby Shahira , El-Bassiouny Noha A. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer. Sorafenib is the first FDA-approved systemic therapy for advanced HCC. This study investigates the influence of IL-23R (rs7517847) and ATG-10 (rs10514231) genetic polymorphisms on Sorafenib response, survival outcomes, average tolerable dose, and adverse events. This prospective open-label cohort study included 100 HCC patients, assessing IL-23R and ATG-10 genotypes via real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Patient's responses were evaluated using modified RECIST criteria. Statistical analyses evaluated the association of genetic variants with response, progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), average tolerable Sorafenib dose, and adverse events. IL-23R TT carriers had the highest Sorafenib response rate (80%) compared to GT (13.3%) and GG (6.7%) (P = 0.021), while ATG-10 TT carriers had a 13.9-fold increased response likelihood (P = 0.001). The T allele in ATG-10 significantly predicted longer PFS (P = 0.025) and OS (P = 0.011), suggesting a potential prognostic role. IL-23R GG carriers received significantly higher Sorafenib doses than TT (P = 0.0174) and GT (P = 0.0227), whereas ATG-10 had no effect on dosage. However, its CT genotype was significantly associated with a higher risk of Hand–Foot Syndrome (P = 0.012), and independent of dose (P = 0.0018). IL-23R and ATG-10 polymorphisms influence Sorafenib response, survival, and tolerability in HCC patients. Genetic screening may improve personalized treatment strategies by optimizing Sorafenib efficacy and minimizing toxicity.
This trial was registered on clinicaltrials.gov with registration number NCT06030895, registered on “September 11th, 2023,” retrospectively.
Efficacy of irrigation activation methods in removal of bioceramic-based sealer in retreatment
Authors: Cıkrık Büşra Nur , İnce Yusufoğlu Selen 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In cases where initial root canal therapy is unsuccessful, retreatment is the first treatment choice. However, when bioceramic-based sealers have been used in the initial treatment, their complete removal can be challenging. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three final irrigation activation methods-conventional needle irrigation, passive ultrasonic activation, and EDDY activation—using a scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) to evaluate the removal of bioceramic-based sealers after retreatment. A total of 108 single-rooted teeth were prepared using ProTaper Next rotary files. The samples were obturated with either MTAFillapex or BioSerra (n = 54) and stored for 2 weeks post-obturation. After the retreatment procedures, the teeth were divided into six groups (n = 18 per group) based on final irrigation activation method used. Group1:MTAFillapex-CNI, Group2:BioSerra-CNI, Group3:MTAFillapex-EDDY, Group4:Bioserra-EDDY, Group5:MTAFillapex-UltraX, Group6:Bioserra-UltraX. The roots were sectioned longitudinally, and the coronal, middle and apical parts were investigated under a SEM. The data were then statistically analysed. The EDDY activation technique proved significantly more effective in removing MTA Fillapex across all sections of the root canal (p < 0.001). In contrast, Ultra-X was more effective in removing Bioserra in the middle and apical sections (p = 0.003, p < 0.001). These findings suggest that activation procedures may be preferable for removing bioceramic-based root canal sealer.
Damage triggered by bioerosion and surface residence time in Holocene shell beds from Brazil
Authors: Sedorko Daniel , Barros João Paulo Porto , Nebelsick James H. , de Barros Gabriel Eduardo Barea , Xavier Juan Bueno , Bó Patrick Führ Dal’ , Castro João Wagner Alencar 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Holocene shell beds along the Brazilian coast provide critical records of sea level variations influenced by climatic changes. This study examines the taphonomic implications of bioerosional traces in bioclastic accumulations from coastal sites in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. By integrating sedimentological, taphonomic, and taxonomic data, the relationship between bioerosion and shell damage signatures was explored, focusing on three Quaternary localities rich in mollusk shell remains. Detailed analyses using thin sections, X-ray microtomography, and compaction tests identified four distinct bioerosion incipient- traces: Entobia, Caulostrepsis, Meandropolydora, and Oichnus. The results show that the one active depositional site has a higher proportion of bioclasts with bioerosion but fewer shells with taphonomic damage compared to two Holocene sites. The higher fragmentation rates at Holocene sites are linked to longer exposure times of bioeroded shells before final burial. These differences suggest that shorter exposure times lead to lower fragmentation rates despite higher bioerosion levels. Mechanical tests confirmed that bioeroded shells are more fragile, breaking into angular fragments, thereby contributing significantly to shell damage. Thus, bioerosion coupled with moderate surface residence times, plays a crucial role in shell fragmentation, with hydrodynamic conditions being a secondary agent of shell damage in high-energy environments.
Healthy lifestyle changes can improve quality of life: the Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (cohort 2; HLCP-2)
Authors: Weber Ragna-Marie , Anand Corinna , Koeder Christian , Husain Sarah , Schoch Nora , Kettler Carmen , Buyken Anette , Englert Heike 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Aim
Since unhealthy lifestyle behaviors, risk factors for noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), and diseases themselves can independently influence quality of life, lifestyle intervention programs addressing all of these may yield benefits for quality of life. This study aimed to examine the impact of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Program (HLCP-2) on quality of life in adults.

Subject and methods
Data stem from a 24-month, non-randomized controlled lifestyle program which aimed to improve markers of NCD risk. Overall, 187 participants were assigned to either the intervention group (IG; n = 112) receiving a 10-week intensive lifestyle intervention on plant-based diet, physical activity, stress management, and community support, followed by a 22-month alumni phase, or a control group (CG; n = 75), without intervention. Quality of life was assessed by the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire at six measurement time points. Problems in five health dimensions (“mobility”, “self-care”, “usual activities”, “pain/discomfort,” and “anxiety/depression”), a visual analogue scale on self-rated health (EQ VAS), and the German EQ-5D index were addressed.

Results
At baseline, 59.8% of the IG and 59.4% of the CG reported problems in ≥ 1 health dimension, with improvement in the IG at all time points. Compared to baseline, the EQ VAS increased significantly in the IG compared to CG at all time points. The mean EQ-5D index tended to improve in the IG, but changes did not differ significantly from changes in the CG.

Conclusion
A lifestyle community program addressing lifestyle behaviors provides benefits for participants’ self-rated health status, with the greatest effect after the intensive phase.

Trial registration
German Clinical Trials Register DRKS (reference: DRKS00018775; 12.09.2019; retrospectively registered).
Detecting and Salvaging Head Impacts with Decoupling Artifacts from Instrumented Mouthguards
Authors: Gellner Ryan , Begonia Mark T. , Wood Matthew , Rockwell Lewis , Geiman Taylor , Jung Caitlyn , Gellner Blake , MacMartin Allison , Manlapit Sophia , Rowson Steve 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In response to growing evidence that repetitive head impact exposure and concussions can lead to long-term health consequences, many research studies are attempting to quantify the frequency and severity of head impacts incurred in various sports and occupations. The most popular apparatus for doing so is the instrumented mouthguard (iMG). While these devices hold greater promise of head kinematic accuracy than their helmet-mounted predecessors, data artifacts related to iMG decoupling still plague results. We recreated iMG decoupling artifacts in a laboratory test series using an iMG fit to a dentition mounted in a NOCSAE headform. With these data, we identified time, frequency, and time-frequency features of decoupled head impacts that we used in a machine learning classification algorithm to predict decoupling in six-degree-of-freedom iMG signals. We compared our machine learning algorithm predictions on the laboratory series and 80 video-verified field head acceleration events to several other proprietary and published methods for predicting iMG decoupling. We also present a salvaging method to remove decoupling artifacts from signals and reduce peak resultant error when decoupling is detected. Future researchers should expand these methods using on-field data to further refine and enable prediction of iMG decoupling during live volunteer use. Combining the presented machine learning model and salvaging technique with other published methods, such as infrared proximity sensing, advanced triggering thresholds, and video review, may enable researchers to identify and salvage data with decoupling artifacts that previously would have had to be discarded.
Lallement Functor is a Weak Right Multiadjoint
Authors: Climent Vidal J. , Cosme Llópez E. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
For a plural signature

$$\Sigma $$

Σ

and with regard to the category

$$\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}$$

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

, of naturally preordered idempotent

$$\Sigma $$

Σ

-algebras and surjective homomorphisms, we define a contravariant functor

$$\textrm{Lsys}_{\Sigma }$$

Lsys
Σ

from

$$\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}$$

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

to

$$\textsf {Cat}$$

Cat

, the category of categories, that assigns to

$${\textbf {I}}$$

I

in

$$\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}$$

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

the category

$${\textbf {I}}$$

I

-

$$\textsf {LAlg}(\Sigma )$$

LAlg
(
Σ
)

, of

$${\textbf {I}}$$

I

-semi-inductive Lallement systems of

$$\Sigma $$

Σ

-algebras, and a covariant functor

$$(\textsf {Alg}(\Sigma )\,{\downarrow _{\textsf {s}}}\, \cdot )$$

(
Alg

(
Σ
)

↓

s

·
)

from

$$\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}$$

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

to

$$\textsf {Cat}$$

Cat

, that assigns to

$${\textbf {I}}$$

I

in

$$\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}$$

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

the category

$$(\textsf {Alg}(\Sigma )\,{\downarrow _{\textsf {s}}}\, {\textbf {I}})$$

(
Alg

(
Σ
)

↓

s

I
)

, of the coverings of

$${\textbf {I}}$$

I

, i.e., the ordered pairs

$$({\textbf {A}},f)$$

(
A
,
f
)

in which

$${\textbf {A}}$$

A

is a

$$\Sigma $$

Σ

-algebra and "Equation missing" a surjective homomorphism. Then, by means of the Grothendieck construction, we obtain the categories

$$\int ^{\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}}\textrm{Lsys}_{\Sigma }$$

∫

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

Lsys
Σ

and

$$\int _{\textsf {NPIAlg}(\Sigma )_{\textsf {s}}}(\textsf {Alg}(\Sigma )\,{\downarrow _{\textsf {s}}}\, \cdot )$$

∫

NPIAlg

(
Σ
)

s

(
Alg

(
Σ
)

↓

s

·
)

; define a functor

$$\mathfrak {L}_{\Sigma }$$

L
Σ

from the first category to the second, which we will refer to as the Lallement functor; and prove that it is a weak right multiadjoint. Finally, we state the relationship between the Płonka functor and the Lallement functor.
On the Impact of CFD Turbulence Models for Premixed $${\text{NH}}_{3}$$/$${\text{H}}_{2}$$ Combustion on Emissions and Flame Characteristics in a Swirl-Stabilized Burner
Authors: Mazzotta Luca , Lamioni Rachele , Agati Giuliano , Evangelisti Adriano , Rispoli Franco , Valera-Medina Agustin , Borello Domenico 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Ammonia combustion is gaining interest as a feasible alternative to traditional fossil fuels because of to the low environmental impact and as hydrogen and energy carrier. This study used Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations to compare various turbulence models for premixed ammonia/hydrogen combustion in a swirl-stabilized burner. The primary aim was to identify the best turbulence model for accurately predicting the flow dynamics, combustion behaviour, and emissions profiles of ammonia/hydrogen fuel blends. The turbulence models evaluated were Large Eddy Simulation (LES), Realizable k-

$$\epsilon$$

ϵ

, Renormalization Group (RNG) k-

$$\epsilon$$

ϵ

, k-

$$\omega$$

ω

SST, and Reynolds Stress Model (RSM). On the LES side, a further comparison of two subgrid models (Smagorinsky-Lilly and WALE) was investigated. The Flamelet Generated Manifold (FGM) method was utilized with a detailed chemistry scheme taking into consideration all

$$\hbox {NO}_x$$

NO
x

reactions. To improve the prediction of

$$\hbox {NO}_x$$

NO
x

emissions, additional scalar transport equations for NO and

$$\hbox {NO}_2$$

NO
2

were included. This methodology aimed to be a balance between computational efficiency and the accuracy expected of detailed chemistry models. Validation was done with a swirl burner from Cardiff University’s Gas Turbine Research Centre. Results showed that all turbulence models accurately captured flame characteristics in terms of exhaust temperature and axial velocity with minor differences in the recirculation zones, where only the RSM model can predict the velocity trend as the LES simulation while other RANS models differ by at least 7 m/s. The temperature reached by the LES resulted 100 K higher than the other models in the flame zone. LES simulation can predict the emission value with an error of less than 10

$$\%$$

%

. Moreover, the error related to emissions derived from the RANS simulations was not negligible, underestimating

$$\hbox {NO}_x$$

NO
x

emissions by about 35

$$\%$$

%

. However, RSM model produced results that were closer to those derived from the high-fidelity LES when compared to the others RANS models, particularly in terms of flame thickness and emissions. It was concluded that it is mandatory to perform an unsteady analysis to reach reasonable results.
Relationship of bioelectrical impedance to organoleptic sensory data of farm-raised olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus
Authors: Colman Jack , Zimmerman Scott , Hoenig Ronald H. , Cox M. Keith , Stieglitz John D. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
There exists a need for simple, objective, noninvasive digital testing methods to ensure the quality of seafood products as they move from harvest sites to consumers. In this study, Paralichthys olivaceus sourced from a land-based aquaculture tank were harvested and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) scores and organoleptic sensory data were recorded for each fish. The Certified Quality Reader 3.0 BIA device (“CQR®;” CQ Foods Inc.) used BIA data to generate a certified quality number (CQN) that was used to objectively quantify results. Organoleptic scores were obtained by Safe Quality Seafood Associates (SQSA) using standard methods. Mean CQN increased from day 1 to day 5 post-harvest and then decreased from day 5 to day 20 post-harvest. There was strong correlation between BIA data and organoleptic data, indicating the usefulness of BIA for objectively quantifying levels of degradation in this species of fish. Mean CQN and mean organoleptic scores were inversely related in post rigor mortis fish. Notably, BIA was able to differentiate objectively between fresh versus frozen fish samples. This study suggests that BIA can be used for rapid, noninvasive quality assurance of the degradation state of fish, though individual variability is high for measurements which may be controlled by the development of a standardized sample location.
On the use of restriction of the right-hand side in spatial branch-and-bound algorithms to ensure termination
Authors: Kirst Peter , Füllner Christian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spatial branch-and-bound algorithms for global minimization of non-convex problems require both lower and upper bounding procedures that finally converge to a globally optimal value in order to ensure termination of these methods. Whereas convergence of lower bounds is commonly guaranteed for standard approaches in the literature, this does not always hold for upper bounds. For this reason, different so-called convergent upper bounding procedures are proposed. These methods are not always used in practice, possibly due to their additional complexity or possibly due to increasing runtimes on average problems. For that reason, in this article we propose a refinement of classical branch-and-bound methods that is simple to implement and comes with marginal overhead. We prove that this small improvement already leads to convergent upper bounds, and thus show that termination of spatial branch-and-bound methods is ensured under mild assumptions.
Examining the link between load capacity and income inequality: evidence from OECD countries
Authors: Savaş Yunus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Income inequality represents one of the most pertinent issues in economics, exerting a profound influence on all economic and socio-economic relationships. The relationship between income inequality and environmental concerns has been insufficiently explored in academic literature. To address this gap, this study employs Pedroni and Westerlund co-integration tests in conjunction with the panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model and incorporates Dumitrescu-Hurlin (Economic Modelling, 29:1450–1460, 2012) panel causality tests to analyse the relationship between income inequality and environmental factors in OECD countries from 1990 to 2020. The analysis examines Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, trade openness, renewable energy consumption, and the Gini coefficient as key variables. Co-integration tests confirm the existence of co-integration among the analyzed variables. The results of the panel ARDL model indicate that income inequality has a negative short-term impact on the load capacity factor, while renewable energy consumption exerts a positive long-term influence on the load capacity factor. Moreover, the findings of this study demonstrate that both trade openness and economic growth exert a significant impact on load capacity factor, both in the short and long term. An increase in income disparities can potentially result in an increase in short-term environmental degradation. Conversely, in the long term, an increase in renewable energy consumption is positively correlated with environmental degradation. In light of these findings, this study makes a significant contribution to our understanding of the complex relationship between income inequality and environmental concerns, offering valuable insights for policymakers and researchers alike.
Deformation Behaviour of Secant Pile Walls in Layered Soil–Rock Profiles: Lessons Learned from Deep Excavations in Copenhagen
Authors: Panagiotis E. , Rocchi I. , Petrella F. , Paulatto E. , Zania V. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The performance of deep excavations in layered stiff ground conditions (overconsolidated soil overlying rock) remains largely unexplored, with few published case studies available, hindering the understanding of performance and key indicators for deep excavations in such ground conditions. This study addresses this gap by comprehensively investigating seven deep excavations for a new metro line in Copenhagen. These excavations utilized temporary retaining walls constructed via the bottom-up method in stiff, layered ground conditions embedded in limestone. Through a long-term instrumentation program, the major factors influencing deformation behaviour were examined, including secant pile wall deflections, anchor and strut axial forces, and groundwater levels inside and outside the pits. During the cantilever stage, the maximum normalized deflections (uh,max/He) ranged from 0.05 to 0.25%, aligning closely with other reported case studies in the literature. Ground stiffness emerged as the critical factor affecting wall deflections, both in the cantilever and supported stages. The relationship between soil stiffness and deflections transitioned from linear to non-linear as construction progressed. Predictive equations for supported cases are derived based on monitoring data, and 3D effects were estimated in four excavations, consistently with existing studies in layered soft soil. This paper expands the literature on secant pile wall behaviour in stiff ground conditions, offering theoretical support for similar projects.
Exploring VR User Experiences
Authors: Ferguson Sarah , Smith-Mutegi Demetrice , Cook-Snell Brett 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Virtual reality (VR) has unique potential for simulating environments and situations beyond real-life experiences. This study investigates the limitations of VR equipment design for learning spaces, specifically online environments. Presented are the findings of an exploratory study that examined the immersion, ease of use, and physiological and emotional experiences of seven university students participating in a 30–60 min VR session. Given the small sample size, the findings were analyzed with descriptive statistics and qualitatively. The results revealed that participants recognized the potential of VR as a teaching and learning tool, while also identifying certain limitations associated with health and safety. To supplement this analysis, a post-hoc Wilcoxon rank test was conducted which suggested a critical t yielding significance (p < .05) of the role of VR equipment design in use for online spaces. While further research with larger sample sizes is needed, this study provided additional considerations for instructors and instructional designers when creating VR learning spaces online and face-to-face.
On computing the zeros of Laguerre–Sobolev polynomials
Authors: Laudadio T. , Mastronardi N. , Marcellán Español F. J. , Van Buggenhout N. , Van Dooren P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this work, we focus on the computation of the zeros of a monic Laguerre–Sobolev orthogonal polynomial of degree n. Taking into account the associated four–term recurrence relation, this problem can be formulated as a generalized eigenvalue problem, involving a lower bidiagonal matrix and a 2–banded lower Hessenberg matrix of order n. Unfortunately, the considered generalized eigenvalue problem is very ill–conditioned, and classical balancing procedures do not improve it. Therefore, customary techniques for solving the generalized eigenvalue problem, like the QZ method, yield unreliable results. Here, we propose a novel balancing procedure that drastically reduces the ill–conditioning of the eigenvalues of the involved matrix pencil. Moreover, we propose a fast and reliable algorithm, with

$$ \mathcal {O}(n^2) $$

O
(

n
2

)

computational complexity and

$$ \mathcal {O}(n) $$

O
(
n
)

memory, exploiting the structure of the considered matrix pencil.