bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The process of developing a joint theory of change across three global entities: can this help to make their efforts to strengthen capacity for implementation research more effective?
Authors: Aslanyan Garry , Sheikh Kabir , Feletto Marta , Launois Pascal , Vahedi Mahnaz , Brizuela Vanessa , Thorson Anna , Begg Sara , Crossman Susie , Bates Imelda 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionA theory of change is a visual representation of the pathway by which a programme anticipates it will achieve its goal. It usually starts with discussions around the goal and works backwards through outcomes and outputs to activities.MethodsWe used a theory of change to improve coherence across three research entities at the WHO. Part of the remit of all three entities is to strengthen capacity in low-income and middle-income countries for implementation research.ResultsRepresentatives from the three entities were able to formulate a joint goal for strengthening capacity in implementation research. They identified three pathways by which this could be achieved: (a) conducting implementation research, (b) strengthening implementation research systems and (c) using implementation research for public health priorities.ConclusionThe process of developing the theory of change and the logic framework it created, provided a means to track progress towards the goal and to guide improvements in programmes within their lifetime. The process we used to develop the theory of change and the pathways to achieve the joint goal are adaptable and could be used by other organisations that also aim to strengthen research capacity. This would lead to more coherence, better translation of research findings into decision-making and ultimately improvements in public health.
Healthcare access, attitudes and behaviours among Navajo adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Brown Heidi E , Begay Rachelle L , Sanderson Priscilla R , Chief Carmenlita , Lameman Breanna , Harris Robin B 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo assess factors associated with positive COVID-19 tests, perspectives on health-related care delivery during pandemic and factors supporting resilience among members of the Navajo Nation.Methods and analysisFrom May through October 2021, a multi-institutional team recruited participants (n=154) to complete a 49-item questionnaire or participate in a focus group (n=14) about their experience with COVID-19 and the effects on their use and access to allopathic and traditional healthcare. A multi-investigator, phenomenological approach summarised focus group experiences.ResultsWhile 73% had been tested for COVID-19, only 27.8% reported a positive test. Positive tests were not associated with household size or multigenerational homes, though time to grocery store was (p=0.04). There were no significant differences in allopathic or traditional medical care experiences from before and during the pandemic. Despite limited internet access, 28.8% chose a telehealth appointment and 42% expressed satisfaction with their experience. Discussion themes revealed perceived disruptions of healthcare needs with acknowledgement that healthcare providers were supportive throughout the Navajo Nation quarantine.ConclusionPresence of comorbidities and living in multigenerational homes do not explain the disproportionate effects of COVID-19 among American Indian communities. Strengthening family and community bonds supported resilience in these communities.
Descriptive epidemiology of muscle-strengthening activities in Japanese middle-aged and older adults: the Hisayama Study
Authors: Honda Takanori , Hata Jun , Shibata Mao , Sakata Satoko , Furuta Yoshihiko , Oishi Emi , Kitazono Takanari , Ninomiya Toshiharu 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionData on the prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities in Asia have been limited. Using data from a community-based cross-sectional survey of a general adult population in Japan, whose age and occupational distribution were very similar to the national averages, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities.MethodsA community survey of local residents over 40 years of age was conducted in 2017–2018 as part of the Hisayama Study. Information on muscle-strengthening activities was obtained by means of a face-to-face interview by nurses. The prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities according to sex and age groups was estimated using a modified Poisson regression model. The prevalence ratios by subgroups based on anthropometry, physical conditions and lifestyle and behavioural factors were also estimated.ResultsData on muscle-strengthening activities were available on 1509 men and 1946 women. Overall, 162 individuals (4.7%) engaged in muscle-strengthening activities at least 1 day/week, and 133 (3.8%) did so for 2 days or more per week. Women were less likely to engage in muscle-strengthening activities than men. The prevalence was generally comparable across subgroups of covariates, while an even lower prevalence was observed for some specific subpopulations, including individuals with diabetes and current smokers.ConclusionsThe prevalence of muscle-strengthening activities was estimated to be low in a general Japanese adult population. Population-wide approaches for the entire country and tailored educational interventions for specific subpopulations may be necessary in order to effectively enhance the participation in muscle-strengthening activities at a population level.
Is joint hypermobility linked to self-reported non-recovery from COVID-19? Case–control evidence from the British COVID Symptom Study Biobank
Authors: Eccles Jessica A , Cadar Dorina , Quadt Lisa , Hakim Alan J , Gall Nicholas ,   Covid Symptom Survey Biobank Consortium, Bowyer Vicky , Cheetham Nathan , Steves Claire J , Critchley Hugo D , Davies Kevin A 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesThis study sought to explore whether generalised joint hypermobility (GJH, a common marker of variant connective tissue) was a risk factor for self-reported non-recovery from COVID-19 infection.DesignProspective observational study.SettingCOVID Symptom Study Biobank (https://cssbiobank.com/) UKParticipantsParticipants were surveyed in August 2022. 3064 (81.4%) reported at least one infection with COVID-19. These individuals self-reported on recovery and completed a self-report questionnaire to detect GJH (Hakim and Grahame 5-part questionnaire, 5PQ).Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was the presence of self-reported non-recovery from COVID-19 infection at the time of the survey. Additional outcomes included scores on 5PQ and self-reported fatigue level (Chalder Fatigue Scale).ResultsThe presence of GJH was not specifically associated with reported COVID-19 infection risk per se. However, it was significantly associated with non-recovery from COVID-19 (OR 1.43 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.70)). This association remained after sequential models adjusting for age, sex, ethnic group, education level and index of multiple deprivation (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.61)) and further adjustment for vaccination status and number of vaccinations (OR 1.33 (95% CI 1.10 to 1.60)). Additionally, including in a model adjusting for all covariates, hypermobility significantly predicted higher fatigue levels (B=0.95, SE=0.25, t=3.77, SE, p=0.002). Fatigue levels mediated the link between GJH and non-recovery from COVID-19 (estimate of indirect effect=0.18, 95% bootstrapped CI 0.08 to 0.29).ConclusionsIndividuals with GJH were approximately 30% more likely not to have recovered fully from COVID-19 infection at the time of the questionnaire, and this predicted the fatigue level. This observation is clinically important through its potential impact for understanding and identifying sub-phenotypes of long COVID for screening and personalised targeted interventions. More generally, greater awareness of GJH and its extra-articular associations is needed for effective patient stratification and implementation of personalised medicine.
Injury rate and characteristics in Japanese male professional ice hockey players: prospective study of 60 players over 10 seasons
Authors: Suzuki Katsunori , Yoneoka Daisuke , Terada Masakazu , Kenjo Katsuyuki , Koyanagi Toshiya , Suzuki Yuki 
Published: March 2024

ObjectivesWe aimed to assess the injury rate and characteristics in Japanese male professional ice hockey players.MethodsThis study involved an inclusive cohort of male ice hockey players from a Japanese professional team competing in the 2010–2011 through the 2019–2020 seasons. An injury was defined as the ‘time-loss and medical attention’ definition of the International Ice Hockey Federation. All injuries that occurred during games and practice sessions were recorded daily on injury charts by the team athletic trainers and/or physician. Game-related injury rates were analysed using both the athlete-at-risk (AAR) and time on ice (TOI) methods.ResultsSixty players were included in the study. A total of 479 injuries were recorded, with 307 (64%) occurring during 451 games and 172 (36%) occurring during the practice sessions. The game-related injury rates obtained using the AAR and TOI methods were not statistically different (p>0.05): 115.3 (95% CI 107.1 to 123.1) and 116.8 (95% CI 109.9 to 124.7) per 1000 player-game hours, respectively. Most injuries involved the upper extremities (39.9% game-related, 32.6% practice-related), followed by the lower extremities (23.5% game-related, 32.5% practice-related). The most frequent mechanism of game-related injury was body checking (45.4%).ConclusionWe observed a higher injury rate in a Japanese male professional team compared with rates reported in other leagues. The reported injury characteristics should help to improve injury prevention strategies that should target shoulder dislocations caused by body checking, and finger or wrist fractures resulting from contact with a hockey stick or puck impact.
Greater hyperthermia in men with type 2 diabetes does not lead to higher serum levels of cellular stress biomarkers following exercise-heat stress
Authors: Goulet Nicholas , Tetzlaff Emily J. , McCormick James J. , King Kelli E. , Janetos Kristina-Marie T. , Sigal Ronald J. , Boulay Pierre , Kenny Glen P. 
Published: March 2024

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with worsening age-related impairments in heat loss, causing higher core temperature during exercise. We evaluated whether these thermoregulatory impairments occur with altered serum protein responses to heat stress by measuring cytoprotection, inflammation, and tissue damage biomarkers in middle-aged-to-older men (50–74 years) with ( n = 16) and without ( n = 14) T2D following exercise in 40°C. There were no changes in irisin, klotho, HSP70, sCD14, TNF-α, and IL-6, whereas NGAL (+539 pg/mL, p = 0.002) and iFABP (+250 pg/mL, p < 0.001) increased similarly across groups. These similar response patterns occurred despite elevated core temperature in individuals with T2D, suggesting greater heat vulnerability.
Inhibition of MALT1 and BCL2 Induces Synergistic Antitumor Activity in Models of B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Plotnik Joshua P. , Richardson Adam E. , Yang Haopeng , Rojas Estela , Bontcheva Velitchka , Dowell Colleen , Parsons Sydney , Wilson Ashley , Ravanmehr Vida , Will Christine , Jung Paul , Zhu Haizhong , Partha Sarathy Karunan , Panchal Sanjay C. , Mali Raghuveer Singh , Kohlhapp Frederick J. , McClure Ryan A. , Ramathal Cyril Y. , George Mariam D. , Jhala Manisha , Elsen Nathaniel L. , Qiu Wei , Judge Russell A. , Pan Chin , Mastracchio Anthony , Henderson Jared , Meulbroek Jonathan A. , Green Michael R. , Pappano William N. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The activated B cell (ABC) subset of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is characterized by chronic B-cell receptor signaling and associated with poor outcomes when treated with standard therapy. In ABC-DLBCL, MALT1 is a core enzyme that is constitutively activated by stimulation of the B-cell receptor or gain-of-function mutations in upstream components of the signaling pathway, making it an attractive therapeutic target. We discovered a novel small-molecule inhibitor, ABBV-MALT1, that potently shuts down B-cell signaling selectively in ABC-DLBCL preclinical models leading to potent cell growth and xenograft inhibition. We also identified a rational combination partner for ABBV-MALT1 in the BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax, which when combined significantly synergizes to elicit deep and durable responses in preclinical models. This work highlights the potential of ABBV-MALT1 monotherapy and combination with venetoclax as effective treatment options for patients with ABC-DLBCL.
The Role of Religion in Triggering Radicalism in Northern Nigeria
Authors: Brakoniecka Sabina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper studies the role of religion in driving radicalism in northern Nigeria, based on the example of Boko Haram. It examines how Islam is instrumentalised by the leaders of the organisation to earn legitimacy, radicalise and mobilise new adherents. It also analyses the ways in which spiritual matters motivate ordinary people’s support for the organisation. It discusses how Muhammad Yusuf and Abubakar Shekau, the two most charismatic leaders of the organisation, exploited religion to justify their violent actions. Furthermore, it traces the methods in which the former utilised religion and the weakness of any secular tradition in northern-Nigerian society, driving a collective identity based on an ‘us versus them’ concept and instrumentalising the sense of humiliation of northern-Nigerian Muslims and the victimising of co-believers.
Sacredness and Religious Fanaticism
Authors: Fahm AbdulGafar O. , Muhammad Aisha U. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The authors examine how Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s novel Purple Hibiscus portrays the conflicts between Igbo indigenous culture, Roman Catholic missionary culture, and inculturated Catholicism, and how these conflicts lead to religious fanaticism. This article focuses on the characters’ interactions with their respective cultures and religions, and juxtaposes the extreme devotion of Eugene Achike’s abusive Catholicism with the flexible understanding of the oneness of God in Papa Nnukwu’s traditional religious practices. The authors underscore the value of cultural diversity and the importance of tolerance and understanding while cautioning against the dangers of strict adherence to religious dogma.
Analysis of the Federal Section 317 Immunization Program and Routine Adult Immunization Activities, United States, 2022-2023
Authors: Granade Charleigh J. , Crawford Nathan E. , Banks Michelle , Graitcer Sam 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: The federal Section 317 Immunization Program, administered by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), provides funding to support adult immunization efforts; however, current information on program implementation at the jurisdictional level is limited. We assessed the use of Section 317 and other funding sources to support routine adult immunization activities among the 64 immunization programs (“awardees”). Methods: We conducted a survey and key informant interviews with awardees in October to December 2022 to collect quantitative and qualitative data on current adult vaccine purchase and program operation activities funded by Section 317 and other funding sources. We assessed total vaccine cost and data on vaccine purchase projections for each awardee with CDC’s Cost and Affordability Tool for 2023. Results: Immunization program managers or their designees from 62 of 64 awardees (97%) completed the survey; 12 awardees participated in key informant interviews. Of 62 awardees, 32 (52%) used a single funding source to support adult vaccine purchases, of which 29 (91%) used only Section 317 funds, 21 (34%) reported not planning to purchase ≥1 age-based recommended vaccine for adults in 2023, and 33 (53%) reported using Section 317 funds only to support adult immunization program operations. Key informant interviews showed varied operational activities among awardees, but 8 awardees stated the need for additional staff to expand adult immunization program services in health care provider education (n = 5), program administration (n = 5), and site visits (n = 6). Conclusions: Additional efforts are needed to understand how to better support routine adult immunization activities implemented at the jurisdictional level.
Normalizing Anti-Thrombin III for heparin management during routine cardiopulmonary bypass for congenital cardiothoracic surgery: A single institution practice review
Authors: Deptula Joseph , Olshove Vincent , Oldeen Molly , Kozik Deborah , Alsoufi Bahaaldin 
Published: March 2024

Introduction Over the past decade, there has been an increase in the use of recombinant Anti-Thrombin III (AT-III) administration during neonatal and pediatric short- and long-term mechanical support for the replacement of acquired deficiencies. Recombinant AT-III (Thrombate) administration is an FDA licensed drug indicated primarily for patients with hereditary deficiency to treat and prevent thromboembolism and secondarily to prevent peri-operative and peri-partum thromboembolism. Herein we propose further use of Thrombate for primary AT-III deficiency of the newborn as well as for acquired dilution and consumption secondary to cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Methodology All patients undergoing CPB obtain a preoperative AT-III level. Patients with identified deficiencies are normalized in the OR using recombinant AT-III as a patient load, in the CPB prime, or both. Patient baseline Heparin Dose Response (HDR) is assessed using the Heparin Management System (HMS) before being exposed to AT-III. If a patient load of AT-III is given, a second HDR is obtained and this AT-III Corrected HDR is used as the primary goal during CPB. Once CPB is initiated, an AT-III level is obtained with the first patient blood analysis. A subtherapeutic level results in an additional dose of AT-III. During the rewarm period, a final AT-III level is obtained and AT-III treated once again if subtherapeutic. A retrospective, matched analysis review of practice analyzing two groups, a Study Group (Repeat HDR, May 2022 onward) and Matched Group (Without Repeat HDR, July 2019 to April 2022), for age (D), weight (Kg) and operation was conducted. The focus of the study was to determine any change in heparin sensitivity identified post AT-III patient bolus load in the HDR (U/mL), Slope (U/mL/s), ACT (s), and total amount of heparin on CPB (U) and protamine (mg) used in each group. Results No significance was seen in Baseline AT-III (%), post heparin load HDR (U/mL), first CPB ACT (s), first CPB HDR (U/mL), or total CPB heparin (u/Kg) between the two groups. Statistical significance was seen in Baseline ACT (s), Baseline HDR (U/mL), Baseline Slope (U/mL/s), Post Heparin Load ACT (s), first CPB AT-III (%), and Protamine (mg/Kg) ( p < .05). No statistical significance was seen in the Study Intragroup between pre versus post AT-III patient load baseline sample in ACT (s), however significance was seen in HDR (U/mL) and Slope (U/mL/s) ( p < .05). Conclusion Implementation of AT-III monitoring and therapy before and during CPB in conjunction with the HMS allows patients to maintain a steady state of anticoagulation with overall less need for excessive heparin replacement and potentially thrombin activation. The result is obtaining a steady state of anticoagulation, a reduced fluctuation in the heparin and ACT levels and a potential for lower co-morbidities associated with prolonged CPB times.
The perceptions of palliative care medical practitioners towards oral health: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: Villarosa Amy R. , Agar Meera , Kong Ariana , Sousa Mariana S , Harlum Janeane , Parker Deborah , Srinivas Ravi , Wiltshire Jennifer , George Ajesh 
Published: March 2024

Background: Oral health problems are common, but often overlooked, among people receiving palliative care. Aim: To better understand how oral health can be addressed in this population, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of oral health care among medical practitioners who provide palliative care to inform the development of a palliative oral health care program. Design: A descriptive qualitative design was adopted. Setting/participants: A single focus group was conducted with 18 medical practitioners at a palliative care facility in Sydney, Australia. All participants had experience providing palliative care services to clients. The focus group was audio recorded, transcribed and thematically analysed. Results: The results from the inductive thematic analysis identified four themes. The themes highlighted that participants were aware of the oral health needs of people receiving palliative care; however, they also reflected on the complexity in delivering oral health care across the healthcare settings, as well as the challenges around cost, lack of appropriate dental referral pathways, time constraints and limited awareness. Participants also provided recommendations to improve the delivery of oral health care to individuals receiving palliative care. Conclusions: To improve the provision of oral health care in this population, this study highlighted the need for oral health training across the multidisciplinary team, standardised screening assessments and referrals, a collective responsibility across the board and exploring the potential for teledentistry to support oral health care provision.