bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and preventive direction of periodontology in China
Authors: Wang Qin‐Tao , Wu Zhi‐Fen , Wu Ya‐Fei , Shu Rong , Pan Ya‐Ping , Xia Jie‐Lai 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjective: The aim of this work was to estimate the present periodontal problems of people in China, based on an epidemiological investigation of adults.Material and Methods: The data were collected from the northwest, southwest, northeast and east regions (400 subjects from each region) of China. All subjects were over 25 years of age. About half of the subjects were farmers and about half were urban professionals. Everyone was asked to fill out a questionnaire and to undergo a professional oral examination. Periodontal health status was evaluated by a simplified oral hygiene index (OHI‐S), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and tooth mobility.Results: Of the 1590 subjects enrolled in this investigation, 45.7% were male, 45.5% were farmers, and the remaining were urban professionals, and 27.7% of the subjects were smokers. There was a significant difference in the educational background but not smoking between the rural and urban groups. While 34.9% of the subjects in the urban group brushed only once per day, 56.1% of the subjects in the rural group did so. The prevalence of bleeding during brushing was 71.1%, while about 61.4% of the subjects know nothing about scaling. All periodontal indices were significantly higher in males than in females and higher in the rural group than in the urban group. PD, CAL and tooth mobility increased with age. The percentage of sites with CAL>3 mm in the rural group (49.5%) was significantly higher than that in the urban group (37.5%). Both current and former smokers showed increased CAL than non‐smokers.Conclusion: Gingivitis and periodontitis are common findings in China. Most Chinese have no knowledge of common periodontal prevention and treatment and very few have regular dental care. The data of this study suggest that age, smoking, and limited education are significantly associated with Chinese adult periodontal attachment loss. Preventive periodontal care and education should be reinforced in the future by establishing relevant oral health projects.
Evaluation of bone surface registration applying a micro‐needle array
Authors: Schicho Kurt , Seemann Rudolf , Cohen Vered , Traxler Hannes , Weinstein Uriel , Shohat Michal , Slovin Zvika , Figl Michael , Czerny Christian , Ewers Rolf , Tal Haim 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: In this study we present and evaluated a new registration technology for the jaw‐bone surface. It is based on a micromechatronic device for the generation of a “mechanical image” of the bone surface by means of an array of micro‐needles that are penetrating the soft tissue until they touch the surface of the bone. This “mechanical impression image” is aligned with the CT data set.Material and Methods: Based on laboratory measurements on 10 specially prepared jawbone models we evaluate the accuracy of this new registration method.Results: Our measurements of the 10 specimens revealed a maximum overall location error of 0.97 mm (range: 0.35–0.97 mm).Conclusions: From the technical point of view the presented registration technology has the potential to improve the performance (i.e. accuracy and avoidance of errors) of the registration process for bony structures in selected applications of image‐guided surgery.
Gradients in periodontal status in Japanese employed males
Authors: Morita Ichizo , Nakagaki Haruo , Yoshii Saori , Tsuboi Shinji , Hayashizaki Junko , Igo Junko , Mizuno Kinichiro , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: The objective was to assess whether there was a social gradient in periodontal status by job classification in Japanese male workers.Material and Methods: Study participants were 15,803 Japanese male workers aged 20–69 years. There were seven groups classified by jobs. Oral examinations were conducted using community periodontal index (CPI).Results: The percentages of sextants with a CPI score of 3 or 4 of professionals were significantly lower than for other job classes. The gradient also existed for the percentage of sextants with CPI score 4. After adjusting for age, a history of diabetes mellitus and smoking status, those lower on the gradient, namely, drivers, service occupations, salespersons and managers were 2.0, 1.5, 1.4 and 1.4, times, respectively more likely to have one or more sextants with CPI score 3 or 4 compared with professionals. Odds ratios of having more than one or more sextants with CPI score 4 after adjusting for age, clinical history of diabetes mellitus and smoking status for drivers, service occupations, salespersons and managers were 2.1, 1.5, 1.5 and 1.2, respectively, compared with professionals.Conclusions: There was a gradient in periodontal status by job classification. Professional and office workers had better periodontal status than salespersons, service occupations and drivers.
Psychopharmacological treatment of dermatological patients – when simply talking does not help
Authors: Harth Wolfgang , Seikowski Kurt , Gieler Uwe , Niemeier Volker , Hillert Andreas 
Published: September 2007

SummaryIn dermatology, primary emotional disorders with cutaneous manifestations, secondary emotional disorders caused by dermatoses and multifactorial diseases are possible indications for the use of psychopharmaceuticals. Neuroleptics (anti‐psychotics) are usually used in psychiatric illnesses, while antidepressants are foremost in treating depression as well as obsessive‐compulsive, anxiety and panic disorders. Minor tranquilizers may be used sympto‐matically.To define the indications for mid‐ and long‐term treatment with psychopharmaceuticals, the unequivocal diagnosis of the main and secondary psychiatric symptoms as well as the primary target symptoms must be designated. At the start of therapy planning, any possible desired and undesired side effects must be taken into account, such as stimulation, sedation, anticholinergic side effects or weight gain. The main antidepressants are the well‐tolerated selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) such as sertraline, fluoxetine or citalopram. A clear long‐term plan and how to monitor it must be discussed with patient carefully because of the need for individual dose titration and the late onset of action of many of these medications. Good results can be achieved in dermatologic patients requiring psychopharmaceuticals if the indications are carefully assessed and the therapy logically structured.
On the relativistic iron line and soft excess in the Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 335
Authors: O'Neill Paul M. , Nandra Kirpal , Cappi Massimo , Longinotti Anna Lia , Sim Stuart A. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
We report a 133-ks XMM–Newton observation of the Seyfert 1 galaxy Markarian 335. The 0.4–12 keV spectrum contains an underlying power-law continuum, a soft excess below 2 keV, and a double-peaked iron emission feature in the 6–7 keV range. We investigate the possibility that the double-peaked emission might represent the characteristic signature of the accretion disc. Detailed investigations show that a moderately broad accretion disc line is most likely present, but that the peaks may be due to narrower components from more distant material. The peaks at 6.4 and 7 keV can be identified, respectively, with the molecular torus in active galactic nucleus unification schemes, and very highly ionized, optically thin gas filling the torus. The X-ray variability spectra on both long (∼100 ks) and short (∼1 ks) time-scales do not support the recent suggestion that the soft excess is an artefact of variable, moderately ionized absorption.
Glycyrrhizin injection therapy prevents hepatocellular carcinogenesis in patients with interferon‐resistant active chronic hepatitis C
Authors: Ikeda Kenji 
Published: September 2007

Aim:  There is no useful and effective treatment for patients with non‐sustained response to interferon, from the viewpoint of cancer prevention. Our aim was to elucidate the influence of a glycyrrhizin therapy on hepatocarcinogenesis rate in interferon‐resistant hepatitis CMethods:  We retrospectively analyzed 1249 patients with chronic hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. Among 346 patients with high alanine transaminase values of twice or more of the upper limit of normal, 244 patients received i.v. glycyrrhizin injection and 102 patients did not, after judgment of interferon resistance.Results:  Crude carcinogenesis rates in the treated and untreated group were 13.3%, 26.0% at the fifth year, and 21.5% and 35.5% at the 10th year, respectively (P = 0.021). Proportional hazard analysis using time‐dependent covariates disclosed that fibrotic stage, gender and glycyrrhizin treatmentwere significantly associated with future carcinogenesis. A long‐term glycyrrhizin injection therapy decreased the hepatocarcinogenesis rate (hazard ratio, 0.49; 95% confidence interval, 0.27–0.86, P = 0.014) after adjusting the background features with significant covariates. Cancer preventive activity was also found in a subgroup of older patients of 60 years or more.Conclusions:  Glycyrrhizin injection therapy significantly decreased the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with interferon‐resistant active chronic hepatitis C, whose average aminotransferase value was twice or more of the upper limit of normal after interferon.
Mortality among shipyard Coast Guard workers: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Krstev S , Stewart P , Rusiecki J , Blair A 
Published: September 2007

Background:The mortality experience of 4702 (4413 men and 289 women) civilian workers in a US Coast Guard shipyard was evaluated.Methods:All workers employed at the shipyard between 1 January 1950 and 31 December 1964 were included in the study and were followed through 31 December 2001 for vital status. Detailed shipyard and lifetime work histories found in the shipyard personnel records and job descriptions were evaluated. Workers were classified as likely exposed to any potential hazardous substances. In addition, 20 job groups were created on likely similar exposures. Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated based on the general population of the state and adjusted for age, calendar period, sex and race.Results:The follow-up was successful for 93.3% of the workers. Among all men employed in the shipyard, there was an excess of mortality from all causes of death (SMR 1.08; 95% CI 1.04 to 1.12), respiratory cancers (SMR 1.29; 95% CI 1.15 to 1.43), lung cancer (SMR 1.26; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.41), mesothelioma (SMR 5.07; 95% CI 1.85 to 11.03) and emphysema (SMR 1.44; 95% CI 1.01 to 1.99) and a decrease for cardiovascular diseases (OR 0.95; 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00), vascular lesions of the central nervous system (SMR 0.80; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.96), cirrhosis of the liver (SMR 0.38; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.57) and external causes of death (SMR 0.55; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.68). A similar pattern was observed for the men classified as exposed. No increasing trend of mortality was found with duration of employment in the shipyard, with the exception of mesothelioma (SMRs of 4.23 and 6.27 for <10 years and ⩾10 years, respectively). In occupations with at least three cases and with an SMR of ⩾1.3, the authors observed a significantly elevated mortality for lung cancer among machinists (SMR 1.60; 95% CI 1.08 to 2.29) and shipfitters, welders and cutters (SMR 1.34; 95% CI 1.07 to 1.65) and for oral and nasopharyngeal cancers among wood workers (SMR 6.20; 95% CI 2.27 to 13.50).Conclusion:Employment in this Coast Guard shipyard revealed a small but significant excess mortality from all causes, lung cancer and mesothelioma, most of which is probably related to asbestos exposure.
FIVE NEW FEATURE SELECTION METRICS IN TEXT CATEGORIZATION
Authors: SONG FENGXI , ZHANG DAVID , XU YONG , WANG JIZHONG 
Published: September 2007

Feature selection has been extensively applied in statistical pattern recognition as a mechanism for cleaning up the set of features that are used to represent data and as a way of improving the performance of classifiers. Four schemes commonly used for feature selection are Exponential Searches, Stochastic Searches, Sequential Searches, and Best Individual Features. The most popular scheme used in text categorization is Best Individual Features as the extremely high dimensionality of text feature spaces render the other three feature selection schemes time prohibitive. This paper proposes five new metrics for selecting Best Individual Features for use in text categorization. Their effectiveness have been empirically tested on two well- known data collections, Reuters-21578 and 20 Newsgroups. Experimental results show that the performance of two of the five new metrics, Bayesian Rule and F-one Value, is not significantly below that of a good traditional text categorization selection metric, Document Frequency. The performance of another two of these five new metrics, Low Loss Dimensionality Reduction and Relative Frequency Difference, is equal to or better than that of conventional good feature selection metrics such as Mutual Information and Chi-square Statistic.
Petroleum systems offshore western Ireland in an Atlantic margin context
Authors: Spencer A. M. , MacTiernan B. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The Rockall, Slyne, Erris and Porcupine basins on the Atlantic margin off Ireland belong to a family of geologically similar basins stretching from offshore mid-Norway to offshore Newfoundland. Jurassic sequences act as reservoir and source rocks in many of the basins. Cretaceous extensional faulting was widespread and major subsidence affected several basins. Cretaceous submarine fan and shallow marine sandstones and Paleocene submarine fan sandstones often provide reservoir targets. Cretaceous and Paleocene to Eocene volcanic rocks are widespread and Eocene to Recent net subsidence has resulted in water depths which generally exceed 200m and reach over 2000m in the south. Passive uplift affected the land areas to the east in Neogene times.
Proven Jurassic-sourced petroleum systems occur in six basins from the Halten Terrace to the Jeanne d’Arc Basin, including the northern Porcupine Basin and the Slyne-Erris basins. In the latter the Jurassic petroleum system has been destroyed by uplift, but a Carboniferous petroleum system has proved successful there for gas. West and northwest of these proven basins, on the ‘outboard’ side of the Atlantic margin, are large frontier areas. Recent gas discoveries in the deep Vøring Basin prove the existence of petroleum systems there but the source is not known. On both margins of the Rockall Basin and in the southern Porcupine Basin petroleum systems may exist but are not yet proven.
Hot fluid flow events in Atlantic margin basins: an example from the Rathlin Basin
Authors: Middleton David W. J. , Parnell John , Green Paul F. , Xu Guojian , McSherry Marie 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
An understanding of the thermal and tectonic evolution of sedimentary basins is essential to the effective modelling of source rock maturation and hydrocarbon charge and entrapment histories of potential hydrocarbon systems. A growing body of data suggests that a number of basins on the Atlantic margin to the west of Britain and Ireland have suffered short-lived episodes of migration of anomalously hot fluids through reservoir intervals. These events leave higher temperature signatures in affected basins than predicted from burial under conditions of vertical conductive heat transfer, and should be considered during hydrocarbon appraisal of a prospective basin. The Rathlin Basin displays a thermal history influenced by one or more such hot fluid flow events, with fluid palaeotemperatures in excess of 170°C recorded in the Permo-Triassic and Carboniferous section, and is typical of other Atlantic margin basins affected in this way.
Hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Irish Sea area: insights from recent exploration of the Central Irish Sea, Peel and Solway basins
Authors: Floodpage Jonathan , Newman Phil , White Jason 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Compared with the prolific success of the Triassic play in the East Irish Sea Basin (EISB) the lack of hydrocarbon discovery in neighbouring Permo-Triassic basins of the Irish Sea has been an enigma. However, recent exploration of the Peel, Solway and Central Irish Sea basins has provided new insights into the geology of these basins and the controls upon hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Irish Sea area. Regional seismic interpretation suggests that 12 of the 15 exploration wells drilled in the basins adjacent to the EISB tested valid structural closures at top Triassic reservoir level. Re-evaluation of the Irish Sea petroleum system reveals that, although effective reservoirs occur in the Lower-Middle Triassic Ormskirk Sandstone Formation, and evaporites in the Middle-Upper Triassic Mercia Mudstone Group provide a regional top seal, the major factor controlling hydrocarbon prospectivity is the limited presence of effective source rocks in the underlying Carboniferous section. A further control upon prospectivity is the timing of hydrocarbon migration, from those areas where Carboniferous source rocks were deposited and preserved. The Namurian basinal marine oil- and gas-prone shales, which form the principal source of hydrocarbons for the Triassic play in the EISB, are restricted to an east-west fairway extending from the EISB into the Kish Bank Basin. Rocks of this age are absent from the Peel and Solway basins as a result of Variscan uplift and erosion. However, palaeogeographical reconstructions based on well and outcrop data suggest that, even if preserved, the depositional environment was not conductive to the formation of marine oil-and gas-prone source rocks. Well and seismic data suggest that rocks of Namurian age were not deposited in the Central Irish Sea area, which remained high during much of Dinantian and Namurian time. Potential source rock development in the Central Irish Sea area is therefore limited to the Westphalian section, which is organically lean and dominated by intertinitic kerogens. Potential hydrocarbon traps in the Central Irish Sea, Peel and Solway basins formed largely as a result of Early Cretaceous tectonism and were subsequently modified by fault reactivation during Tertiary uplift phases. Trap formation appears to postdate the most likely timing of hydrocarbon charge, which this study suggests would have occurred in Late Triassic and Jurassic time. Hydrocarbon entrapment in the EISB may have been favoured by limited Early Cretaceous uplift, coupled with renewed hydrocarbon generation and re-migration during Early Tertiary time. It is concluded that the remaining prospectivity of the Triassic play in the Irish Sea area is likely to be restricted to the proven play fairway within the EISB.
Fault distribution and timing in the Central Irish Sea Basin
Authors: Izatt Chris , Maingarm Suvimol , Racey Andrew 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
Well data analysis and the interpretation of 2D and 3D seismic reflection data provide valuable insights into the distribution and timing of fault activity within the Central Irish Sea Basin (CISB). Structural and stratigraphic relationships have been used to constrain the timing of fault movements and to interpret the mapped fault patterns in terms of the tectonic evolution of the area. Four main fault trends are identified at the Top Lower Triassic Sherwood Sandstone Group level: I, a NE-SW fault trend that parallels the basin-bounding faults and is believed to be of Mesozoic age; II, a pervasive system of northsouth-trending faults that cross-cut the earlier NE-SW-trending faults, which manifests evidence of later Mesozoic extension followed by post-Oligocene transpressional fault reactivation; III, a NNE-SSW-trending, steeply dipping, fault set; IV, a WNW-ESE-trending conjugate extensional set that formed perpendicular to the NNE-SSW-trending transpressional faults during Late Tertiary dextral shearing. Early Tertiary axial centred basin inversion and regional exhumation have resulted in the elevation of the Sherwood Sandstone reservoir to shallow structural levels within the basin. Continued fault reactivation into Late Tertiary time has resulted in the compartmentalization of mapped structural closures and suggests that trap integrity is a major exploration risk factor in the CISB.
The influence of thermal history on hydrocarbon prospectivity in the Central Irish Sea Basin
Authors: Green Paul F. , Duddy Ian R. , Bray Richard J. , Duncan William I. , Corcoran Dermot V. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract

Thermal history reconstruction studies of four hydrocarbon exploration wells located in the Central Irish Sea Basin (CISB) reveal three major regional episodes of heating and cooling. Units throughout the pre-Quaternary section intersected in wells 42/12-1, 42/16-1 and 42/17-1 began to cool from their maximum post-depositional palaeotemperatures in Early Cretaceous time, between 120 and 115 Ma. Cooling from subsequent palaeotemperature peaks began in Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary (70–55 Ma) and Late Tertiary (25–0 Ma) time. Results from well 42/21-1 are dominated by the two more recent episodes, and show no evidence of the Early Cretaceous episode. This is thought to reflect a different structural setting of this well, within a North Celtic Sea-Cardigan Bay trend. Palaeotemperature profiles suggest that heating in each episode was due largely to deeper burial, with subsequent cooling caused mainly by uplift and erosion. A maximum of
c.
3 km of additional Late Triassic to Early Cretaceous section is required to explain the observed Early Cretaceous palaeotemperatures. Appropriate values for the Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary and Late Tertiary episoders are
c.
2 km and
c.
1 km, respectively. All of these cooling episodes correlate closely with similar episodes recognized from previous studies in surrounding regions, from onshore Ireland, Scotland, South Wales and northern, eastern, central and SW England, and each appears to be of truly regional extent. Exploration risk in the CISB generation can be significantly reduced through recognition of the major palaeothermal episodes that have affected the region, and the variation in the magnitude of their effects across the region. The challenge for future exploration in the region is to identify regions where the main phase of hydrocarbon generation post-dated structuring.
Late Tertiary faulting, footwall uplift and topography in western Ireland
Authors: Badley Michael E. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract
The Erriff Fault in south Mayo, Ireland, is a rare example within the British Isles and Ireland of a sizeable onshore fault (normal displacement >500 m) at which a correlatable stratigraphic horizon is preserved in both the footwall and the hanging wall. That this displacement probably accumulated during Late Tertiary time makes the Erriff Fault (and other similar faults in the area) all the more interesting. Structural forward modelling indicates that footwall uplift and hanging-wall subsidence accompanying faulting, followed by further isostatic uplift following glacial erosion during the Pleistocene glaciations, exercised a fundamental control on the overall form of present-day topography in western Ireland.