bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alternative Host Model To Evaluate
Aeromonas
Virulence
Authors: Froquet Romain , Cherix Nathalie , Burr Sarah E. , Frey Joachim , Vilches Silvia , Tomas Juan M. , Cosson Pierre 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Bacterial virulence can only be assessed by confronting bacteria with a host. Here, we present a new simple assay to evaluate
Aeromonas
virulence, making use of
Dictyostelium
amoebae as an alternative host model. This assay can be modulated to assess virulence of very different
Aeromonas
species.
Molecular Characterization of a Novel
ortho
-Nitrophenol Catabolic Gene Cluster in
Alcaligenes
sp. Strain NyZ215
Authors: Xiao Yi , Zhang Jun-Jie , Liu Hong , Zhou Ning-Yi 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Alcaligenes
sp. strain NyZ215 was isolated for its ability to grow on
ortho
-nitrophenol (ONP) as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy and was shown to degrade ONP via a catechol ortho-cleavage pathway. A 10,152-bp DNA fragment extending from a conserved region of the catechol 1,2-dioxygenase gene was obtained by genome walking. Of seven complete open reading frames deduced from this fragment, three (
onpABC
) have been shown to encode the enzymes involved in the initial reactions of ONP catabolism in this strain. OnpA, which shares 26% identity with salicylate 1-monooxygenase of
Pseudomonas stutzeri
AN10, is an ONP 2-monooxygenase (EC 1.14.13.31) which converts ONP to catechol in the presence of NADPH, with concomitant nitrite release. OnpC is a catechol 1,2-dioxygenase catalyzing the oxidation of catechol to
cis
,
cis
-muconic acid. OnpB exhibits 54% identity with the reductase subunit of vanillate
O
-demethylase in
Pseudomonas fluorescens
BF13. OnpAB (but not OnpA alone) conferred on the catechol utilizer
Pseudomonas putida
PaW340 the ability to grow on ONP. This suggests that OnpB may also be involved in ONP degradation in vivo as an
o
-benzoquinone reductase converting
o
-benzoquinone to catechol. This is analogous to the reduction of tetrachlorobenzoquinone to tetrachlorohydroquinone by a tetrachlorobenzoquinone reductase (PcpD, 38% identity with OnpB) in the pentachlorophenol degrader
Sphingobium chlorophenolicum
ATCC 39723.
The
las
Enzymes Control Pyruvate Metabolism in
Lactococcus lactis
during Growth on Maltose
Authors: Solem Christian , Koebmann Brian , Yang Fen , Jensen Peter R. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The fermentation pattern of
Lactococcus lactis
with altered activities of the
las
enzymes was examined on maltose. The wild type converted 65% of the maltose to mixed acids. An increase in phosphofructokinase or lactate dehydrogenase expression shifted the fermentation towards homolactic fermentation, and with a high level of expression of the
las
operon the fermentation was homolactic.
Editorial Introduction
Authors: Thomas Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHistorical Materialism has previously published a significant number of studies from the contemporary 'Marx Renaissance'. Roberto Finelli's intervention into the debate over Chris Arthur's The New Dialectic and Marx's 'Capital' provides an opportunity to consider the international reverberations of this movement and its political presuppositions and consequences. Working in a very different tradition of Marxism, Finelli's interpretation of Marx has decisive similarities with Arthur's reading of the importance of Hegel's Logic for the conceptual structure of Capital. Yet whereas Arthur argues for a 'direct homology', Finelli proposes a heuristic 'analogy'. The different conclusions reached by the two theorists reflect different orientations, both theoretical and political. Comparison to theses of the Italian workerist tradition and other contemporary readings of Marx suggest that these differences are best comprehended in a political rather than solely intellectual register. Despite their differences, these various research projects are in agreement regarding the necessity of deriving concrete strategies for the contemporary socialist movement from theoretical debate.
Political Marxism and Value Theory: Bridging the Gap between Theory and History
Authors: Knafo Samuel 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article proposes a reading of value theory firmly entrenched in the historicist framework of political Marxism; one which gives precedence to social relations and historical development over abstract logic and formal models. It argues that Marx's theory of value can be read as elucidating how social norms are being unwittingly created under capitalism by contrast with precapitalist societies. The article is divided into two sections. The first examines the two main ways in which value is considered within Marxism and highlights the problems that can emerge when taking into account the issue of the specificity of capitalism. The second section offers an alternative formulation of value theory grounded in the notion of alienation. This leads to the conclusion that the idea that value is shaped by labour refers to a political fact about decisions concerning the organisation of the labour process, rather than an economic fact about the expenditure of labour in the process of production. Value reflects the class struggles over the labour process and the norms that govern social life, rather than an embodied quantity of socially necessary labour-time expended within the labour process.
Ester prodrugs of morphine improve transdermal drug delivery: a mechanistic study
Authors: Wang Jhi-Joung , Sung K C , Huang Jeng-Fen , Yeh Chih-Hui , Fang Jia-You 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Two alkyl esters of morphine, morphine propionate (MPR) and morphine enanthate (MEN), were synthesized as potential prodrugs for transdermal delivery. The ester prodrugs could enhance transdermal morphine delivery. The mechanisms of this enhancing effect were elucidated in this study. Both prodrugs were more lipophilic than their parent drug as evaluated by the skin/vehicle partition coefficient (log P) and capacity factor (log K′). The in-vitro skin permeation of morphine and its prodrugs from pH 6 buffer was in the order of MEN &gt; MPR &gt; morphine. MPR and MEN respectively enhanced the transdermal delivery of morphine by 2- and 5-fold. A contrary result was observed when using sesame oil as the vehicle. The prodrugs were stable against chemical hydrolysis in an aqueous solution, but were readily hydrolysed to the parent drug when exposed to skin homogenate and esterase. Approximately 98% MPR and ∼75% MEN were converted to morphine in an in-vitro permeation experiment. The viable epidermis/dermis contributed to a significant resistance to the permeation of ester prodrugs. According to the data of skin permeation across ethanol-, α-terpineol-, and oleic acid-pretreated skin, MEN was predominantly transported via lipid bilayer lamellae in the stratum corneum. The intercellular pathway was not important for either morphine or MPR permeation.
Study on the mechanisms of an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza on the regulation of permeability of endothelial cells exposed to tumour necrosis factor-α
Authors: Ding Mei , Yuan Ying-Jin 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Exposure of endothelial cells to tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) results in increased endothelial permeability, accompanied by a loss of cell-cell adherence junctions. The importance of tyrosine phosphatase and kinase activity in oxidant-mediated loss of cell junction structures has been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether tyrosine phosphorylation contributes to TNF-α-imediated disorganization of endothelial cell junctions and how an extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza (ESM) and its active ingredients, Danshensu (DSS) and salvianolic acid B (Sal B), exert their protective effect in maintaining cell integrity. Immunoblotting results indicated that TNF-α exposure resulted in tyrosine phosphorylation of junctional proteins such as vascular endothelial cadherin and β-catenin, which was attenuated by ESM and its active ingredients DSS and Sal B. In addition, immunoprecipitation showed ESM and its active ingredients prevented β-catenin disassociation from the cytoskeleton in TNF-α-treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results suggest that TNF-α produced biological effects at least partly by junctional protein phosphotyrosine modifications by increasing the total cellular phosphorylation level. It could be concluded that ESM and its active ingredients were effective at eliminating the factors leading to the rise in cellular phosphorylation, thus helping to maintain the integrity of endothelial junction structure.
Stationarity tests in time series model building
Authors: Ali Mukhtar M. , Thalheimer Richard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOptimum non‐parametric tests for stationarity of a stochastic process against location and scale shift alternatives are explored. Usefulnesss of these tests in detecting a suitable differencing transformation that reduces a non‐stationary time series to a stationary one is illustrated with a number of previously analysed real life data.
Forecasting accounting data: A multiple time‐series analysis
Authors: Hillmer S. C. , Larcker D. F. , Schroeder D. A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper examines the relative forecasting performance of multivariate time‐series analysis. One hundred consecutive monthly observations for three accounting series were obtained from a manufacturing division of a large corporation. Regression, univariate time‐series, transfer‐function, and multiple time‐series models were identified, estimated, and used to forecast each accounting series. The multiple time‐series model yielded the smallest forecast variances.
Management and change in northern Nigerian local government
Authors: O'Donovan Ita 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper looks at some recent changes introduced by the Federal Government of Nigeria which seek a return to civilian rule in a stable polity. A first step in this policy has been completed with the election of chairmen and councillors at the local government level. The stated purpose of this initiative is to encourage ‘grass roots democracy’, which is expected to mobilize local action for urban and rural development. It is envisaged that local politicians and local administration will work together to this end. The paper concentrates on the consequences of the policy for the management of local government in Northern Nigeria, in which the predominant need is for rural development. The resource and management issues that arise for local government from the introduction of this polity are discussed under the following headings: finance, material resources, human resources and political relationships. The measures adopted appear radical, but have not led to a situation in which local government can easily predict what resources will be available to it. The question that is addressed is how, in an uncertain environment, local governments might use the powers and resources that are within their control to facilitate rural development in the Northern States. Suggestions are made as to what a management agenda should be and how this might be achieved through appropriate management systems and improved training.
Die Verteilung der Nukleonen in schweren Atomkernen
Authors: Mittelstaedt P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractI. Einleitung. – II. Experimentelles. A. Messungen der Gesamtverteilung. B. Messungen der Protonenverteilung. 1. Massendefekte, Weizsäcker‐Bethe‐Formel. 2. Energiedifferenz bei Spiegelkernen. 3. Protoneneinfangexperimente. 4. Lebensdauer des α‐Zerfalls. 5. Energieniveaus des μ‐Meson‐Atoms. 6. Elektronenstreuung. – III. Theoretische Deutung. 1. Herleitung der Kollektivpotentiale. 2. Bestimmung der Nukleonenverteilungen. 3. Ergebnisse. – IV. Zusammenfassung. – Literatur.
Some Remarks on the Higgs Mechanism
Authors: Łopuszański Jan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe show that at least one of the auxiliary one‐component fields in the Higgs Model – the field ϕ – is not a Lorentz scalar and that it is probably not local with respect to the current. Our conclusion is that we cannot prescribe to the field ϕ a direct physical meaning.In case ϕ is not local with respect to the current it is likely that the zero eigenvalue of the mass operator does not appear in the theory at all.In case ϕ is quasilocal with respect to j0, such an eigenvalue appears at least in the original Model and the mass spectrum can be different for different versions of the Model. We conjecture that this can be explained with help of the theory of unitarily inequivalent representations.We display the difficulty in translating into the quantal language the classical procedure leading from the original Model to the variant of unitary gauge. We hope that with help of unitarily inequivalent representations this difficulty can be resolved.We exhibit the fact that in the Higgs Model the whole gauge group does not have a direct physical meaning, in contradistinction to electrodynamics, where the local gauge group only has no physical significance.
The Representations of the Poincaré Group in the Framework of Free Quantum Fields
Authors: Łopuszański Jan T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis review article arose while the author tried to get acquainted with the recent developments in the domain of the representations of the Poincaré group in the quantum field theory. Special emphasis was put in this article on the case of massless free fields. Some ideas concerning general restrictions imposed upon the spinorial fields in order to get irreducible representations seem to be new and original.
Extended Objects in Field Theory with Non‐Abelian Group Symmetry
Authors: Matsumoto H. , Umezawa H. , Umezawa M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a general formalism for the description of topological objects created in quantum field systems with non‐Abelian symmetries. This formalism utilizes relations of differential form and therefore is suitable for the description of the local properties of the topological structure. The presentation of the general considerations is followed by several examples.Even when there is no gauge field, the analysis requires use of a gauge transformation matrix. This coincides with the usual gauge transformation matrix when a gauge field is introduced.
New standards for old
Authors: Beasley Keith 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to highlight the current changes in the world of standards for electronic components. These changes relate to the whole attitude and approach to standards and the attainment of product that has appropriate levels of quality and reliability. Standards being developed within the European electronic components standards organization (CECC) represent the best industrial practices and are thus, unlike many earlier standards, flexible and user friendly.European initiatives in the field of reliability emphasize the new approach to component approval and reliability. Through its CECC/WG‐See Appendix I for explanations of the abbreviations used in this paper.
Reliability and the TIG‐ICs Reliability, the European Community is doing much to highlight harmonization and communication as key aspects in obtaining reliable product in the era of 1992.
The role of quality engineering in the 1990s
Authors: Jones David R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe business environment of the 1990s will be affected in a major way by two major catalysts for change: one driven by technology and one driven by organizational change. This paper reviews the impact of major catalysts for change expected in the 1990s. Organizational change strategies will enable a corporation to be able accurately to assess the performance and success of each engineering group in the design, manufacturing, and customer installation and life cycle support. The strategies for the development of the methods and tools and long‐term career development strategies to support the ability of the organization to catalyse change are also discussed, with the conclusion that the quality engineering profession, correctly structured and empowered, will be the driver of the successful implementation of organizational change strategies in the 1990s.
Applying a physics‐of‐failure model to predicting surface mount solder joint reliability
Authors: Helling D. E. , Wong Boon 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo address the wide variety of solder joint configurations, the authors have developed and applied a physics‐of‐failure model to predicting the service life of solder joints under thermal cycling conditions. The wide variety of solder joint geometries, materials and environments makes it impractical to develop and apply empirical models to predicting the service life of solder joint interconnects. On the other hand, a physics‐of‐failure model that describes the failure mechanisms in solder joints can be applied to a wide range of conditions. The physics‐of‐failure model framework is described and a model is demonstrated for predicting the failure of a leadless surface mount solder joint under slow thermal cycling conditions.
Taguchi methods in practice: An analysis of Goh's paradox
Authors: Goh T. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe background of ‘Goh's paradox’ in connection with the application of the common version of Genichi Taguchi's parameter design routine is examined. A detailed case study is used to show how the paradox can be resolved, as well as to assess the probability of success of marginal analysis in Taguchi's prescribed procedure for quality and reliability improvement.
Control charts for processes subject to random shocks
Authors: Xie W. , Xie M. , Goh T. N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, a charting technique for controlling processes subject to random shocks is presented. This type of process is common in a high‐yield production environment and the conventional Shewhart control charts are not efficient for its monitoring and control. This technique is able to detect process improvement, easy for decision making, and more concise and informative than other methods used for this type of process. In addition, it could provide diagnostic information which is highly useful in practice.
A data‐driven execution control scheme and its experimental study
Authors: Nishikawa Hiroaki , Asada Katsuhiko , Terada Hiroaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors have proposed a high‐level parallel processing system representing the data‐drive principle (including history‐sensitive processing by diagrammatical language) and have been investigating its realization. Realization of high‐level processing by the data‐driven principle requires a load and function distribution scheme to secure the smooth data flow corresponding to the input stream into the system. Together with the results of experiment, this paper describes a systematic control scheme for load and function distribution of the data‐driven execution function through the construction of clusters adapted to the hierarchical diagrammatical program structure. In other words, the proposed system realizes the data‐driven execution functions of the hierarchical system by an iterative structure composed of fundamental functions, namely input‐output, function processing, history‐sensitive processing and firing control. This paper first describes the load and function distribution scheme for the fundamental function in the data‐driven execution control. Then, using an experimental system with common‐bus multiprocessor structure, it is shown that the proposed system is useful in realizing high‐level parallel processing. Lastly, based on the geometrical connection structure of the diagrammatical program, a semiquantitative guideline is presented for the distributed assignment of fundamental functions in the hierarchical cluster structure.
Effects of data sampling rate on image quality in fan‐beam CT system
Authors: Iwata Aklra , Yamagishi Nobutoshi , Suzumura Nobuo , Horiba Isao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe X‐ray computed tomography system has found widespread use worldwide in recent years. It is still requested that the system should provide further diagnostic information by providing CT images with higher quality. For this purpose, it is necessary to improve the high‐contrast spatial resolution and the low‐contrast density resolution. It is necessary also to establish a reduction method for various kinds of artifacts which are major causes of image deterioration. This paper examines quantitatively the spatial resolution and artifact, among various factors determining the CT image quality, and discusses their relation to the measured data sampling rate using computer simulation. As a result, it is shown that when other reconstruction parameters are kept constant in the fan‐beam CT system, the spatial resolution is determined largely by the projection data sampling interval rather than the angle sampling interval. The mechanism of artifact generation due to an insufficient angle sampling interval is examined. It is shown that to suppress this kind of artifact below a certain value, a certain condition must be satisfied by the measurement area, angle sampling interval, and projection data sampling interval. It is shown also that the artifact due to the projection sampling interval is proportional to the spatial frequency components of the object above the Nyquist frequency of the projection data.
Texture analysis based on the markov random
Authors: Model Field , Kaneko Hiroshi , Yodogawa Eiji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA recent tendency in the study of texture is the analysis based on mathematical models rather than the analysis of intuitively clear geometrical features. This type of study is advantageous in that a systematic and theoretical viewpoint can be provided to various kinds of related texture image processings. This paper considers the Gaussian‐Markov random field as a mathematical model for the texture image, and applications of the theory are discussed for texture classification and boundary extraction of texture regions. The determination of parameters for the Markov model is discussed first. Then the distance between textures is defined using the model parameters and a method of texture classification is proposed. The extraction of the boundary between texture regions is formulated as a testing of the parameters of the Markov model, and a method of texture region partition is proposed using the statistical testing variable as the discrimination function for the texture boundary. A classification experiment was performed for texture images with 13 categories, each containing 23 patterns. A 100% rate of classification was obtained, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed classification method. The region partition experiment was performed for the patched texture image. The result of partition was satisfactory, indicating the effectiveness of the proposed boundary extraction method.
Speaker‐independent isolated word recognition based on multiple templates using split method
Authors: Sugamura Noboru , Shikano Kiyohiro , Kohda Masaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA speaker‐independent word recognition based on multiple word templates is described using the SPLIT method. Since the spectral distance calculation amount is independent of the number of word templates in the SPLIT method, it can be made best use of in speaker‐independent word recognition based on multiple word templates.Phoneme‐like templates and multiple word templates are selected automatically by a clustering technique. The effectiveness of this system was verified via several experiments using telephone switch. Recognition accuracy of 96.9 and 96.2 percent was obtained for training and test speech samples, respectively.