bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Advanced Skeletal Metastasis from Adeno‐acanthoma of the Uterine Body
Authors: Schweitzer G. 
Published: February 2008

SummaryA case of advanced tibial metastasis from an adeno‐acanthoma of the uterus is reported.The initial presentation was that of a pathological fracture, which healed readily with immobilization. The nature of the primary lesion was unsuspected until severe haemorrhage from the tumour in the leg necessitated admission to a general hospital.
The Vagal Factor in Foetal Heart Rate Change:II.–Some Experience with Anti‐Cholinergic Drugs
Authors: Bradfield Alan 
Published: February 2008

Summary

The commonest type of heart rate pattern in clinically detectable foetal distress appears to result from umbilical cord complications.
It has a primary reflex basis. The efferent arc is the foetal vagus nerve.
The effect on foetal heart rate of drugs with anti‐vagal activity has been investigated during labour in 61 patients about term.
Atropine was given intravenously to 31 mothers who showed foetal heart rate patterns of the “cord” type. Within 15 minutes it consistently increased foetal heart rate and relieved bradycardia. When this effect was delayed there was clinical and electrocardiographic evidence to suggest an unusual degree of vagotonia.
Atropine was also injected directly into the foetal scalp on 14 occasions. Identical changes in heart rate were seen, except that their onset was more rapid. This is additional evidence of the specificity of action of the drug itself and of its transplacental passage.
Scopolamine, given to 8 mothers, altered the foetal heart rate in the same way as atropine. This action should not be overlooked when the drug is used as a sedative.
Scopolamine n‐butyl bromide (buscopan) injected intravenously to 8 mothers was not associated with any change in foetal heart rate.
Foetal heart rate is a single parameter of a complex physiological situation. Hence, the demonstrable relief of “cord” bradycardia by atropine and scopolamine must not yet be taken as licence for their use in clinically detectable foetal distress.
Two Types of Squamous Epithelium of the Human Ectocervix A Histological and Colposcopic Study
Authors: Reid B. L. , Garrett W. J. , Coppleson J. V. M. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The human ectocervix is divided into two zones, a circumoral regenerate epithelium and a more peripheral native epithelium. Each zone possesses a specific histological and colposcopic structure involving epithelial and subepithelial layers. Colposcopic examination reveals a difference in colour and texture of the two areas, whilst histological examination reveals differences in the type and arrangements of cells and tissues in both epithelial and subepithelial layers. These differences are manifest at a sharp junction represented by the line visible in the colposcope.The significance of the occurrence of atypical epithelia on the more central (regenerate) portion of the cervix as it affects the problem of the origin of cancerous change is discussed. A homology is suggested concerning the sharp junction always found between native and regenerate epithelia and a similar junction sometimes found between atypical and native epithelium.
The Fern Phenomenon or Arborization Test
Authors: Heron H. J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:1. The literature on the arborization or ferning phenomenon has been briefly reviewed.2. The presence of this phenomenon in liquor amnii has been demonstrated.3. A crystalline structure synthesized to give the same characteristics has been shown to be composed of sodium chloride, minimal amounts of cholesterol and uric acid in the correct proportions.4. Arborization is not restricted to the cervical mucus, but also may be found in sweat, tears and saliva of both the female and male.5. In patients with threatened abortion, arborization may be due to the presence of liquor amnii.6. In other instances it is felt that the phenomenon is the product of normal body fluids.
Uterine and Oxytocic Activity in Women in Labour
Authors: Hawker R. W. , Goodricke B. , Klemm G. H. , Pearson I. , Christie W. , Devietti A. , Cockburn K. G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A series of 44 healthy women in labour has been studied.It has been shown that blood O.A. and O.S. values are greater in late first‐stage and second‐stage labour than in the third trimester of pregnancy in both primiparous and multiparous women; that oxytocin is greater in second‐stage labour in the whole series than in women near term (due to increases in primiparous and not in multiparous women); and that the blood O.A., O.S. and oxytocin values do not change significantly throughout the subsequent course of labour after the cervix is about half dilated.Uterine activity increases throughout labour in all women. Uterine tone increases throughout labour in multiparous women, and during second‐stage labour in primiparous women.It has been postulated that O.S. acts as a trigger to the uterus.
Pregnancy Complicated by Torsion of a Unilateral Krukenberg Tumour
Authors: Alwyn John E. S. , Zacharin Robert F. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Torsion of a unilateral Krukenberg tumour complicating pregnancy and resulting in abortion is reported.
This association is exceedingly rare.
Other cases of this combination have resulted in rapid death, and, in this case, a recurrence of the primary tumour at the site of origin was detected.
The relevant literature is reviewed
Amaurosis in Pregnancy
Authors: Radford A. J. , Dow Ruth 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

An interesting patient with convulsions and amaurosis is reported in whom hypertension, but not proteinuria was present.
The aetiology and treatment of amaurosis in pregnancy is presented. It is suggested that the following is the most efficacious treatment of amaurosis due to arterial spasm:
Amyl nitrite inhalation.
Intravenous administration of diuretics, and a vasodilator or local anaesthetic.
Stellate ganglion block should be performed if the condition persists.
Immediate termination of the pregnancy.
The value of ophthalmoscopy is emphasized.
Physiological Metaplasia on the Human Cervix Uteri
Authors: Reid B. L. , Coppleson Malcolm 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The columnar epithelial‐covered portion of the cervix of 10 healthy women in the postpartum period was examined by a correlated study using colposcopy and histology (including electron microscopy). The aim of the study was an examination of the process of metaplasia. A further 43 cervices were studied by histological and electron microscopic methods alone. The subdivision of the columnar epithelium into rugae and villi is described. Colposcopic and histological alterations in the villi are described, leading to their fusion and conversion to a smooth epithelial sheet. The conversion is especially associated with areas of prominence as viewed from the vagina, for instance, adjacent to the portio and following the summits of rugae. The distribution of the process indicates that the final healed transformation zone is a union of such patches. The origin of the new squame cells is viewed as the original columnar epithelium with or without the addition of subepithelial cells.The evidence supports the concept of the high incidence of metaplasia in the postpartum cervix and suggests that it is a purely physiological event resulting from an in situ alteration of the columnar epithelium.
Response of Myometrial Autografts in the Rabbit Ear chamber to Oxytocin during Pregnancy
Authors: Michael C. A. , Cliff W. J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

The changing sensitivity of myometrial autografts within rabbit earchambers to intravenous injections of oxytocin throughout the course of 6 normal pregnancies has been studied in a group of 5 female rabbits.
The myometrial autografts were shown to be sensitive to oxytocin from the 7th day of pregnancy.
The progressive reduction in the dosage of oxytocin necessary to produce myometrial contractions in the autografts has been shown to conform to a log hyperbolic curve.
The rather precise mathematical form relating minimum effective dose of oxytocin to day of pregnancy, obtained from these experiments, indicates that this preparation is of great potential value for the elucidation of the exact pattern of control of myometrial sensitivity throughout pregnancy.
The myometrial autografts increased very considerably in size during the progress of pregnancy and showed a rapid reduction in size post partum.
Associated with pregnancy, from as early as the 5th‐6th day, the vessels of the microcirculation, both in the grafts and in the earchamber fibrous tissue, developed very rapid pulsatile flow.
Ultrasonic Wave Diagnosis of Pelvic Tumours
Authors: Murooka H. , Ishihara M. , Uchida R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:In ultrasonic diagnosis in the field of gynaecology, it is our opinion that the crystal vibrator is best applied through the vagina.We have devised special detectors for this purpose, a brief description of which has been given.Pregnancy has been diagnosed at an early stage by this method. In addition, the technique is helpful in the differential diagnosis various intrapelvic turnours, such as uterine myomata.No side‐effects have been noted and the manipulation can be done quite painlessly.
Cervical Carcinoma in Situ: True Cancer or Non‐Invasive Lesion?
Authors: Green G. H. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:The commonly accepted view that cervical carcinoma in situ is necessarily a precursor of invasive cancer is questioned. Evidence to support the contention that carcinoma in situ may pursue a benign course in a large proportion of patients is presented.(a) Clinical evidence. A series of 278 patients with carcinoma in situ dealt with in the years 1951‐62 is considered. Of these, 151 were treated by hysterectomy and 127 by conservative local excision. Fourteen of the latter were re‐coned because of positive cytology and 7 post‐hysterectomy patients showed evidence of vault recurrence. The follow‐up period for the conservative group ranged from 1 to(i) Although many patients have shown positive follow‐up cytology, and cone biopsy has been found to be only about 80% effective in totally excising carcinoma in situ, no lesion has yet progressed to invasion. It is felt that one reason for this is that invasive cancer was, as adequately as possible, excluded at the outset.(ii) None of 14 patients with carcinoma in situ to the biopsy margin, followed after cone biopsy only, have shown progression of the tumour to invasion for periods up to 5 years.(iii) None of 17 patients with “microinvasive” lesions treated conservatively and followed for periods up to 5 years have shown progression of the tumour to invasion.(b) Indirect statistical evidence. A series of 917 patients with invasive cervical carcinoma treated in 2 periods of 8 years each (before and after the advent of cytology in 1954) is presented. The incidence of invasive cervical cancer in gynaecological admissions was falling steadily in the 8 years before cytology was introduced and the rate of fall has not been accelerated since. Also the proportion of early (Stage 1) cases was rising before cytology was introduced and this rise has not obviously been thereby accelerated.(c) Experimental evidence. The work of Saphir et al. (1959) and Kaminetzky (1960) in producing with podophyllin transient lesions of the cervix resembling carcinoma in ‘situ is referred to. Other local injurious influences which could conceivably produce such lesions, characterized by the picture of “frozen mitoses,” include inflammation, pregnancy, and irradiation.A plea is made for the replacement of the various synonyms of carcinoma in situ (all of which contain the word “cancer”) by a term such as “suspicious cervical dysplasia.”It is concluded that the virtual elimination of invasive cancer of the cervix by large‐scale cytology campaigns, as propounded especially by Boyes et al. (1962), is open to doubt.
The Pathology of the Mixed Carcinomas of the Cervix
Authors: McLean M. R. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:An outline is presented of the pathology of the mixed carcinomas of the cervix, based on experience with these tumours at the National Women's Hospital.A description is given of the histological features of the mature or differentiated group and of the immature or poorly differentiated group (including the two most undifferentiated variants of the latter group, the glassy cell type and the signet‐ring cell type).A correlation of the histological types with the main clinical features of a group of patients with carcinoma of the cervix is presented, to allow a comparison of the mixed carcinomas with squamous carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.Attention is drawn to the incidence of the mixed carcinomas in general, the high incidence of these types when the tumour occurs in pregnancy, and the poor prognosis of the immature mixed group, particularly the signet‐ring cell and the glassy cell types.Distinctive features of this group of carcinomas are briefly discussed.
Primary Carcinoma of the Vagina
Authors: Blunt V. A. W. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A series of 44 patients with primary vaginal carcinoma has been reviewed and a comparison has been made with other published series.
Reasons are given for the need to adopt a more optimistic view of prognosis at the present time.
Different treatment modalities are discussed. Radical radiotherapeutic methods are considered to be the treatment of choice in most cases.
The need for cytological follow‐up in genital tract carcinoma is emphasized.
Management of the Third Stage of Labour
Authors: Cunningham W. D. 
Published: February 2008

To Summarize

Give an oxytocic agent with the birth of the head or anterior shoulder. Deliver the trunk of the foetus slowly.
Control the corpus uteri with the left hand while the right hand gains information by tension on the umbilical cord.
When the placenta is found lying in the cervix and vagina, pull downwards on the cord, keeping control of the corpus uteri with the left hand.
Examine the secundines carefully after delivery.
Surviving Korean Quadruplets
Authors: Mackenzie Helen P. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A further case of surviving female quadruplets is reported.
The mother died from eclampsia shortly after admission to hospital 24 hours post partum.
The placenta was injected via the umbilical veins with coloured solutions and communications between placental areas indicated that the quadruplets were uniovular.
The management of the infants is described.
Ligation of the Cervix — Its Place in Recurrent Abortion
Authors: Rawlings W. J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:1. The role of cervical ligation in the treatment of recurrent abortion has been studied in a series of 100 patients.2. It is considered that in patients with late abortion and premature labour there is usually an active process of extrusion of the uterine contents, and only rarely is there a mechanical fault in the cervix.3. In these patients it is important that progesterone deficiency and anxiety states be treated adequately.4. The course of subsequent pregnancies in these patients will establish the relative value of cervical ligation. This study and the conclusions will appear in Part II.
Studies of Nutrition in Pregnancy 4. Diet and Lactation
Authors: Hankin M. E. , Symonds E. M. , Cellier K. M. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:1. A study of lactation and diet in a group of 174 primigravid and secundigravid women is presented.2. The mean (geometric) length of lactaction was 4.8 weeks. Two weeks after delivery 70% of all subjects were breast feeding whilst at 6 weeks only 45% were breast feeding.3. The length of lactation was greater in subjects with a higher antenatal dietary rating.4. The length of lactation was greater in patients with better postnatal diets.5. A diet of 70 g. protein/day, 800 mg. calcium/day and 2,500 calories/day seemed adequate for the maintenance of lactation.6. The mean length of lactation in those subjects owning their own home was longer than that in those not owning their own home.7. Parity was not related in this series to length of lactation. Subjects 19 years or younger were as successful in lactation as those 20 years and older.8. The length of lactation of the mother did not seem to affect the weight of the infant at 6 and 12 months.9. The mean maternal weight gain 12 months after delivery compared with pre‐conception weight was 0.45 kg. (1 lb.) and there was no relationship beween length of lactation and maternal weight gain at the end of 12 months.
Lymphography in Carcinoma of the Cervix
Authors: Biggs John S. G. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A study of patients with operable carcinoma of the cervix has shown lymphography to be a simple procedure with few complications.The presence or absence of metastases in the pelvic lymph nodes was correctly predicted in 11 out of 22 patients studied. Lymphography was thus of limited assistance in diagnosing metastases.The procedure was of value in making the lymph nodes more obvious at operation and in showing whether their dissection had been complete.
Massive Post Partum Haemorrhage
Authors: Mackay Eric V. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:1. A 10‐year study of 120 patients with massive, primary post partum haemorrhage is presented.2. The aetiological factors were as follows: retained placenta, 54 patients; birth canal trauma, 43 patients; coagulation defect, 11 patients; and uterine “atony”, 12 patients.3. Although a major degree of control has been obtained over haemorrhages resulting from uterine atony and coagulation defect, the other 2 groups may fully tax the obstetrician's resources (as a result of morbid placental adherence and major vessel damage).4. There were 5 maternal deaths in the series, 4 from birth canal trauma and 1 from an incompatible blood transfusion.
Ligation of Uterine Arteries, per Vaginam, in a Case of Recurrent Secondary Post Partum Haemorrhage Following Caesarean Section
Authors: Ross Ian C. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:A case of recurrent post partum haemorrhage from the lower uterine segment wound of a Caesarean section is presented.The facility of ligation of the uterine arteries per vaginam to control such haemorrhage is shown.Eleven cases, both published and from the records of the Royal Women's Hospital, are reviewed with regard to the clinical features, aetiology, treatment and prognosis.
A Review of Carcinoma of the Cervix, Corpus Uteri and Vagina: From the Thirteenth Annual Report of the Cancer Committee of F.I.G.O.
Authors: McGarrity† K. A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A short summary of the background and objectives of the Report of the Cancer Committee of F.I.G.O. is given,
Staging rules recommended by the Cancer Committee adopted by the General Assembly of National Societies of F.I.G.O. at Mar del Plata in 1964, are given in relation to cervical, uterine, and ovarian cancer.
A histological classification of the common primary epithelial tumours of the ovary adopted by the same General Assembly at Mar del Plata is given.
Stage distribution and 5‐year survival rates are given for 117,613 patients with cancer of the cervix, 13,125 patients with cancer of the corpus uteri, and 1,156 patients with cancer of the vagina.
Stability of recovery rates in carcinoma of corpus uteri and cervix uteri are compared.
Future proposals for collection of information on carcinoma of ovary and vulva and intraepithelial cancer are given.
Early Post‐operative Intestinal Obstruction After Gynaecological Surgery
Authors: Davis Neville 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Always consider the possibility of mechanical obstruction in the early postoperative period, even though the symptomatology is atypical. Do not be misled into thinking it is a case of paralytic ileus just because pain is absent or insignificant.
Paralytic ileus does not recur. If there is recurrent vomiting or distension think of a mechanical cause. Check the serum electrolyte levels and give intravenous potassium if indicated.
Re‐examine the patient frequently and take particular note of the pulse.
Take repeated x‐rays of the abdomen, as they will often show whether the obstruction is progressing or not. Remember that oral Gastrografin will often reach the caecum in six hours if the bowel is not mechanically obstructed.
Strangulating obstruction is not uncommon, occurs particularly in the first week and carries a high mortality.
Use continuous suction in preference to intermittent suction because the former removes air as well as liquid. Do not imagine that suction decompression will be effective in all cases.
Remember the indications to re‐open the abdomen:

the slightest suspicion of strangulation;
signs that the obstruction is not relenting.

Decompression of the small bowel at operation is safe and effective.
The Place of Colposcopy in the Detection and Diagnosis of Carcinoma in Situ of the Cervix*
Authors: Cope Ian 
Published: February 2008

Summary:Colposcopy is a very useful tool in the hands of the gynaecological cancer detection team.Colposcopy will detect about 85% of cases of carcinoma in situ, it will act as an independent check for cytology and it will differentiate dysplasia.It should be used routinely in all hospital cancer detection clinics.Its use in the diagnosis of the type of lesion requiring treatment and its extent makes the colposcope an essential tool in the operating theatre for all patients being investigated because of positive or suspicious cytology.
Histomorphology of Minimally‐Invasive Cervical Squamous Cancer*
Authors: Barter R. A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A description is given of the more important in situ atypias of the cervix.
The characteristic changes of minimally‐invasive squamous cell carcinoma are presented on the basis of a study of 14 patients with this condition.
The importance of separating the different abnormalities of cervical squamous epithelium is stressed.
The Role of Radioactive Phosphorus in the Investigation of Cervical Lesions*
Authors: Thoms George 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

Radioactive phosphorus uptake has been utilized in the diagnosis of cervical pathology in a series of 55 patients.
A scan 24 hours after intravenous administration of the isotope enables patients to be classified into 3 broad groups, according to the degree of cellular activity.
The technique is of diagnostic value and serves as a rational basis for therapy.
Illegitimate Pregnancy in the Adolescent
Authors: O'Connor D. T. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A retrospective review of illegitimate pregnancy in 414 Australian teenagers during a two‐year period is presented.
The special problems in pregnancy were pre‐eclamptic toxaemia and eclampsia, anaemia, venereal disease and urinary tract infection.
Premature labour, prolonged labour, postpartum haemorrhage and sepsis were the main problems related to parturition.
Factors responsible for perinatal mortality in these cases have been discussed. The rate of 37 per 1000 was slightly in excess of the hospital figure.
Coagulation Defect in Pregnancy
Authors: Beischer N. A. 
Published: February 2008

Summary:

A series of 66 patients with coagulation defect is presented.
The common predisposing conditions were accidental haemorrhage (38 patients) and prolonged foetal death in utero (14 patients). In 8 patients clotting failure occurred after normal delivery and was probably due to amniotic fluid embolism in at least 2 of them. Three patients had septicaemia.
Reaction to fibrinogen administration occurred in 15 patients. Six patients subsequently developed homologous serum hepatitis.
There were 5 maternal deaths in the series and 3 were associated with massive amniotic fluid embolism. Intravascular fibrin emboli were present in 4 of these patients.