bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Investigation into wrinkle behavior of woven fabrics in a cylindrical form by measuring their tangential force
Authors: Shaikhzadeh Najar S. , Hezavehi E. , Hoseini Hashemi Sh. , Rashidi A. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a unique approach to investigate the wrinkle force of textile structures in a cylindrical model.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, an apparatus was designed and constructed in order to investigate the torsional and wrinkle behavior of textile structures in a cylindrical model under a different rotational level using data acquisition and micro‐controller systems.FindingsIn the light of research results, the fiber and fabric type, fabric physical and mechanical properties and imposed rotational level significantly contributed to wrinkle characteristics of worsted fabrics. It was noticed that with increase of rotational level, the wrinkle force, and energy increased along weft and warp directions. Wrinkle characteristics along warp direction exhibited greater values than in weft direction.Originality/valueThe study is aimed at determining wrinkle behavior of worsted fabrics under the combined influences of compression and torsional strains.
Effect of laundering on fabric drape, bending and shear
Authors: Orzada Belinda T. , Moore Mary Ann , Collier Billie J. , Yan Chen Jonathan 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of laundering on the drape, shear, and bending properties of bottom weight fabrics.Design/methodology/approachSix bottom‐weight 100 percent cotton fabrics were included. Collier's Drape Tester was utilized to obtain drape values. Bending and shear values were measured on the KES‐F Shear Tester and the Pure Bending Tester. Three laundering cycles (unlaundered, one and five home launderings) following AATCC methods were explored.FindingsLaundry cycle did not have a significant effect on fabric drape, shear or bending properties. However, drape values increased overall, while shear and bending modulus and hysteresis decreased, resulting in a more drapable, pliable fabric after five laundry cycles.Research limitations/implicationsFuture research examining a wider variety of fabrics and conducting a greater number of laundry cycles to approximate an average yearly number of laundry cycles is recommended. An expansion of this preliminary study should give more conclusive evidence of the trends observed.Originality/valueObjective measurement of drape and fabric mechanical properties related to drape after laundry treatments would assist the apparel manufacturer in developing laundry recommendations based on the fabric's performance and in selecting fabrics which maintain their drape characteristics, mechanical properties, and dimensional stability with use. Higher quality garments with increased consumer satisfaction would result.
The abrasion resistance of socks
Authors: Özdıˆl Nilgün , Marmarali Arzu , Oğlakcioğlu Nida 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explain the yarn parameters and some finishing process that can affect the abrasion resistance of socks in detail.Design/methodology/approachThe abrasion tests were made on socks produced from the most popular fibers (cotton, wool, PAC, PES, PA, and blends of these) by the Modificated Martindale method. The effects of fiber type, yarn count (for single and ply yarn), combing process, softness process with silicone and mercerization process to the abrasion resistance were investigated.FindingsIt was found that the use of coarse yarns, addition of polyester, polyamide fibers or elastane filaments to the structure and application of the mercerization process increase the abrasion resistance of the socks. However, the silicone softeners decrease this value. The resistance of wool socks is higher than acrylics.Originality/valueSocks, which are a necessary item of clothing, need to be comfortable, affordable and retain their quality throughout their life. The most significant problem is abrasion which can greatly reduce the material's life. To determine the parameters affecting the sock abrasion will be useful both for producer and for consumer.
Factors affecting recovery of PTT shape memory fabric to its initial shape
Authors: Zhao Lihuan , Qin Li , Wang Fumei , Hin Chuah Hoe 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to understand the recovery mechanism of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) shape memory fabrics.Design/methodology/approachTests were designed to study the effects of force, temperature and their combinations on the fabrics' crease recoveries. In the test a cantilever device and an ironing force which simulated people ironing their clothes were used, respectively.FindingsTemperature was found to have little effect on the recovery of both the warp and filling of the fabrics. Crease recoveries did not improve significantly when the temperature was increased to above the polymer's glass transition. However, forces, applied in primarily compressive and tensile modes to simulate ironing and hand stroking actions, were found to be very effective in the fabrics' crease recoveries. Recoveries were 81‐87 per cent even when the applied force was very small, at 5 N/cm2. When forces were applied at elevated temperatures, just below and above the polymer's glass transition, there were no significant improvements in crease recoveries. Therefore, force was the main factor in PTT shape memory fabrics' recovery mechanism for the fabrics to return to their initial shapes.Originality/valueThe results suggest that PTT shape memory fabric has excellent shape recoverability and easy care property and it has large application potentiality.
Exploring urban retailing and CBD revitalization strategies
Authors: Padilla Charlette , Eastlick Mary Ann 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide an exploratory examination of urban retail marketing and management strategies employed in six US cities with reputations for having central business districts (CBD) that are either flourishing or developing. It also investigates the roles played by urban retailers in working with CBD revitalization efforts.Design/methodology/approachDepth interviews were conducted with economic development managers and urban retailer owners/managers from each CBD. Content analysis, preceded by a comprehensive review of academic and trade literature, was used to identify key concepts. An iterative coding process resulted in identifying broad strategic themes and related strategies.FindingsStrategies were classified into three urban retailing and five economic revitalization themes. These strategies varied depending on whether cities had flourishing or developing CBDs.Research limitations/implicationsThe study provided a systematic and comprehensive examination of strategies that may guide theory development and provide practical information on CBD redevelopment. Potential bias in results should be considered when evaluating results due to the use of qualitative methods and convenience sampling.Originality/valueInformation concerning similarities in the redevelopment efforts of six comparable US cities is provided.
Are lifestyle centres unique? Consumers' perceptions across locations
Authors: Yan Ruoh‐Nan , Eckman Molly 
Published: January 2009

PurposeLifestyle centres are emerging retail locations and yet have not been included in past studies of shopping centres. The purpose of this paper is to explore whether and how individual and retail characteristics impact consumers' patronage behaviours at three popular retail locations (i.e. central business districts, lifestyle centres, and traditional enclosed shopping malls) in the USA and understand consumers' perceptions of the three different retail locations.Design/methodology/approachA mail survey was conducted and 410 surveys were returned. Multiple regression analyses and t‐test were conducted to test proposed hypotheses.FindingsThis study revealed that shopping orientation, importance of retail attributes, and beliefs about retail attributes influence patronage behaviour (i.e. shopping frequency) at the three retail locations. Additionally, consumers' responses suggest that they did regard lifestyle centres differently from the central business district and the traditional enclosed shopping mall on many aspects of the retail attributes examined in this research.Research limitations/implicationsThis study is limited in that respondents were consumers of a specific geographic area with certain retail locations. Findings may not be generalizeable.Practical implicationsUnderstanding how consumers evaluate the three retail locations enables practitioners to develop and/or revise their retail strategies in order to be competitive in the current market.Originality/valueThis is the first study investigating consumers' perceptions of three major retail locations by including the newly emerging lifestyle centres in the USA.
Accessing retailer equity through integration in retailers' buying groups
Authors: Hernández‐Espallardo Miguel , Ángeles Navarro‐Bailón María 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the circumstances under which the retailers' use of the buying group's brand name may benefit them.Design/methodology/approachA sample of 121 retailers of home appliances, members of a buying group, provided useful information about the key variables of interest in this study through self‐administered questionnaires. That information was used to test the research model and the hypotheses proposed in the paper.FindingsThe data show that the retailer's use of the buying group's brand name is more capable of improving the retailer's economic satisfaction with the buying group when differentiation is perceived to be a source of competitive advantage, when environment is perceived as more dynamic and when the retailer is strategically integrated in the relationship with the buying group.Research limitations/implicationsSample is restricted to a limited type of retailers: retailers of electric appliances integrated in buying groups.Practical implicationsThe implications extracted are of special interest for buying groups managers about the potential of the buying group's brand to generate value to the buying group's members.Originality/valueBrand equity in business‐to‐business markets is still an under‐researched and very descriptive topic. Specifically, in the context of retailers' buying groups, the issue is completely missing. This paper reflects the current interest in brand research into non‐consumer relations by empirically demonstrating that brand equity is not only useful but also a powerful tool to explain value creation in business relationships.
Customer satisfaction in food retailing: comparing specialty and conventional grocery stores
Authors: Huddleston Patricia , Whipple Judith , Nye Mattick Rachel , Jung Lee So 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast customer perceptions related to satisfaction with conventional grocery stores as compared to specialty grocery stores. The study examines store attributes of product assortment, price, quality, and service in order to determine which attributes have the greatest impact on store satisfaction for each store format.Design/methodology/approachA mail survey was sent to a sample of specialty and conventional grocery store customers. The ten state sample was drawn from US households located in postal (ZIP) codes in areas where national specialty stores (e.g. whole foods) were located.FindingsPerception of satisfaction were higher among specialty grocery store customers compared to conventional grocery store customers. For both store formats, store price, product assortment, service and quality positively influenced satisfaction. Stepwise regression indicated that each store attribute contributed differently to store satisfaction for conventional and specialty store formats.Research limitations/implicationsThe results demonstrate that price, product assortment, quality, and employee service influence store satisfaction regardless of store type (conventional stores or specialty stores). However, the degree of influence of these attributes varied by store type. The results imply that while specialty store shopper satisfaction characteristics are clearly delineated, conventional store shopper characteristics are more difficult to pinpoint. Research limitations include a sample that is more highly educated and has higher incomes than the average American household.Originality/valueDespite the growth of new product categories and new industry players, few studies have investigated customer satisfaction within the retail food industry. Comparisons of specialty and conventional food stores are equally scarce.
An economic analysis of the convenience retail format in Spain (1998‐2004)
Authors: Berné‐Manero Carmen , de la Fuente‐Mella Hanns , Marzo‐Navarro Mercedes 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to offer an economic analysis of the convenience store format and the various categories thereof for the Spanish case in the period 1998‐2004.Design/methodology/approachUsing secondary information sources, the analysis methodology is based on economic indicators of the output level and on the calculation of output/input ratios.FindingsThe results show a positive evolution of the format regarding both the sales volume and the number of establishments, a high‐concentration rate in the sector and a positive trend of the productivity ratios. However, differences are observed between distribution groups or chains, as well as between the various analysed types.Research limitations/implicationsThe analysis uses secondary data, namely generally accepted apparent economic indicators that cannot reflect the entire reality of the market. The analysed market is the Spanish market. So, more effort of analysis is needed with primary data and it emerges the convenience of that the competent authorities provide more statistical information about the sector.Originality/valueThis work provides knowledge about management decisions by retailers regarding a specific format (the convenience format), which is emerging in some categories and is mature in others. This research covers a lack of both conceptual and empirical studies that are targeted at understanding these formats and at analysing their current and future situation. The most specific contribution is the focus on a specific format not analysed previously, from the point of view of economic ratios including an approximation to marketing productivity, a priority area of study in this area of knowledge. The analysis performed allows verifying the positive evolution shown by the format in recent years. It also reflects upon the fact that it would be advisable for competent authorities to publish periodic statistics on the global format and on its types.
Evaluation of confined natural and forced convection predictions by different turbulence models
Authors: Omri Mohamed , Galanis Nicolas 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to evaluate the capacity of two equation turbulence models to reproduce mean and fluctuating quantities in the case of both natural convection and isothermal flows.Design/methodology/approachNumerical predictions of mean velocity profiles, air and wall temperatures as well as turbulent kinetic energy by three different two equation models (standard k‐ε, renormalisation group k‐ε and shear‐stress transport‐k‐ω) are compared with corresponding experimental values.FindingsThe prediction of mean velocities and temperatures is in all cases satisfactory. On the other hand, the prediction of turbulent quantities is less precise.Originality/valueThe three models under consideration in this paper can be used for engineering applications such as HVAC calculations.
A coupled dual reciprocity BEM/genetic algorithm for identification of blood perfusion parameters
Authors: Partridge Paul W. , Wrobel Luiz C. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to present an inverse analysis procedure based on a coupled numerical formulation through which the coefficients describing non‐linear thermal properties of blood perfusion may be identified.Design/methodology/approachThe coupled numerical technique involves a combination of the dual reciprocity boundary element method (DRBEM) and a genetic algorithm (GA) for the solution of the Pennes bioheat equation. Both linear and quadratic temperature‐dependent variations are considered for the blood perfusion.FindingsThe proposed DRBEM formulation requires no internal discretisation and, in this case, no internal nodes either, apart from those defining the interface tissue/tumour. It is seen that the skin temperature variation changes as the blood perfusion increases, and in certain cases flat or nearly flat curves are produced. The proposed algorithm has difficulty to identify the perfusion parameters in these cases, although a more advanced genetic algorithm may provide improved results.Practical implicationsThe coupled technique allows accurate inverse solutions of the Pennes bioheat equation for quantitative diagnostics on the physiological conditions of biological bodies and for optimisation of hyperthermia for cancer therapy.Originality/valueThe proposed technique can be used to guide hyperthermia cancer treatment, which normally involves heating tissue to 42‐43°C. When heated up to this range of temperatures, the blood flow in normal tissues, e.g. skin and muscle, increases significantly, while blood flow in the tumour zone decreases. Therefore, the consideration of temperature‐dependent blood perfusion in this case is not only essential for the correct modelling of the problem, but also should provide larger skin temperature variations, making the identification problem easier.
Computational study of heat transfer in a conjugate turbulent wall jet flow with constant heat flux
Authors: Vishnuvardhanarao E. , Das Manab Kumar 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to consider the conjugate heat transfer from a flat plate involving a turbulent plane wall jet. The bottom wall of the solid block is heated by a constant heat flux.Design/methodology/approachHigh Reynolds number two‐equation model (κ‐ϵ) has been used for turbulence modeling. The parameters considered are the conductivity ratio of solid and fluid, the solid slab thickness and the Prandtl number. The Reynolds number considered is 15,000 because the flow becomes fully turbulent and then is independent of the Reynolds number. The range of parameters considered are: conductivity ratio = 1‐1,000, solid slab thickness = 1‐10 and Prandtl number = 0.01‐100.FindingsThe non‐dimensional bottom surface temperature is high for high‐Prandtl number fluid and vice versa. As conductivity ratio increases, it decreases whereas it increases with the increase in slab thickness. Similar trend is observed for the distribution of the interface temperature. The Nusselt number computed based on the interface temperature increases with Prandtl number. It is observed that for the range of parameters considered, local Nusselt number distribution superimposes with each other. The average heat flux at the interface has been computed and found to be equal with average heat flux at the bottom which ensures the overall heat balance.Originality/valueThe study of conjugate heat transfer with a turbulent wall jet will be useful for cooling of heated body.
Reconstruction of an unsteady flow from incomplete boundary data: Part I. Theory
Authors: Tomas Johansson B. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeTo propose and investigate a stable numerical procedure for the reconstruction of the velocity of a viscous incompressible fluid flow in linear hydrodynamics from knowledge of the velocity and fluid stress force given on a part of the boundary of a bounded domain.Design/methodology/approachEarlier works have involved the similar problem but for stationary case (time‐independent fluid flow). Extending these ideas a procedure is proposed and investigated also for the time‐dependent case.FindingsThe paper finds a novel variation method for the Cauchy problem. It proves convergence and also proposes a new boundary element method.Research limitations/implicationsThe fluid flow domain is limited to annular domains; this restriction can be removed undertaking analyses in appropriate weighted spaces to incorporate singularities that can occur on general bounded domains. Future work involves numerical investigations and also to consider Oseen type flow. A challenging problem is to consider non‐linear Navier‐Stokes equation.Practical implicationsFluid flow problems where data are known only on a part of the boundary occur in a range of engineering situations such as colloidal suspension and swimming of microorganisms. For example, the solution domain can be the region between to spheres where only the outer sphere is accessible for measurements.Originality/valueA novel variational method for the Cauchy problem is proposed which preserves the unsteady Stokes operator, convergence is proved and using recent for the fundamental solution for unsteady Stokes system, a new boundary element method for this system is also proposed.
Tissue fluids in microchannel subjected to an externally applied electric potential
Authors: Huang Vincent C. , Sheu Tony W.H. 
Published: January 2009

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe the development of an electroosmotic dynamic model to simulate the transport phenomena in association with the electric therapy in modern medicine.Design/methodology/approachThe present study builds a new model by employing SUPG finite element method to solve the electroosmotic transport equation in microchannels of human body.FindingsThe present electroosmotic finite element analysis demonstrated that the electric treatment has a better curative effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe governing electric field equations for tissue fluids in microchannel include the Laplace equation for the effective electrical potential and the Helmholtz equation for the electrical potential established in the electric double layer (EDL). The transport equations governing the hydrodynamic field variables include the mass conservation equation for the electrolyte and the equations of motion for the incompressible charged fluids subject to an electroosmotic body force.Practical implicationsThe phenomena of microchannels are dominated by elliptic equations, Laplace, Helmholtz and diffusion equations (Navier Stokes equations at Re=0.0259). These governing equations explain why the reaction of electric treatment is very fast, even immediate.Originality/valueThe analysis of the coupled hydrodynamic and electrical fields, the externally applied electric potential has been shown to be an aid to accelerate the tissue fluid due to the formation of an EDL. Interaction of plasma and tissue fluids in human body is also revealed.