bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased expression of tissue vascular endothelial growth factor and foetal liver kinase‐1 receptor in seasonal allergic rhinitis and relevance to asthma component
Authors: Yuksel H. , Kose C. , Yilmaz O. , Ozbilgin K. , Degirmenci P. B. , Pinar E. , Kirmaz C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBackground
There is a difference in the extent of remodelling in allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. This may be attributed to the difference in local tissue response to these mediators.Objectives
The aim of this study was to compare vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor foetal liver kinase (Flk)‐1 expression between seasonal AR patients with or without asthma and non‐allergic controls as well as that between AR patients with and without asthma.Methods
Thirteen subjects with seasonal AR and six non‐allergic controls were included in the study. Allergic sensitization was demonstrated by a skin prick test. Inferior turbinate thiny biopsies were obtained from both groups. Monoclonal mouse antibodies were used to demonstrate VEGF and Flk‐1. Nasal mucosal endothelial cells' staining intensity was graded semi‐quantitatively and the histochemical score (HSCORE) was calculated. In all samples, VEGF‐ and Flk‐1‐labelled vessels were counted for the assessment of vascular surface density (VSD).Results
The mean HSCORE for VEGF and anti‐VEGF‐based VSD were significantly higher in the patient group (P=0.001 and 0.002, respectively). The mean HSCORE for Flk‐1 and anti‐Flk‐1‐based VSD in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P=0.016 and 0.028, respectively). Differences between the mean HSCORE for VEGF and anti‐VEGF‐based VSD in patients with pure AR and AR and asthma were insignificant (P=0.16 and 0.39, respectively). The mean HSCORE for Flk‐1 and anti‐Flk‐1‐based VSD in patients with pure AR were significantly lower than those in patients with AR and asthma (P=0.004 and 0.018, respectively).Conclusion
Angiogenic factor VEGF and its receptor Flk‐1 is increased in AR. A similar increase in VEGF in AR with and without asthma despite a higher Flk‐1 in AR patients with asthma may be a possible explanation for the presence of angiogenesis in the airway wall in patients with asthma but not in those with pure AR.
Romanovski polynomials in selected physics problems
Authors: Raposo Alvaro , Weber Hans , Alvarez-Castillo David , Kirchbach Mariana 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe briefly review the five possible real polynomial solutions of hypergeometric differential equations. Three of them are the well known classical orthogonal polynomials, but the other two are different with respect to their orthogonality properties. We then focus on the family of polynomials which exhibits a finite orthogonality. This family, to be referred to as the Romanovski polynomials, is required in exact solutions of several physics problems ranging from quantum mechanics and quark physics to random matrix theory. It appears timely to draw attention to it by the present study. Our survey also includes several new observations on the orthogonality properties of the Romanovski polynomials and new developments from their Rodrigues formula.
mit MII = Fe, Co, Ni (n = 2) und MII = Cu (n = 1): Vier neue Koordinationspolymere mit dem Acetylendicarboxylat‐Dianion (ADC2−) als verbrückendem Liganden
Authors: Stein Irena , Speldrich Manfred , Schilder Helmut , Lueken Heiko , Ruschewitz Uwe 
Published: June 2007

Abstract with MII = Fe, Co, Ni (n = 2) and MII = Cu (n = 1): Four New Coordination Polymers with Acetylenedicarboxylate (ADC2−) as Bridging LigandBy slow diffusion of pyridine (Py) into an aqueous solution of a respective metal salt and acetylenedicarboxylic acid (H2ADC) single crystals of new coordination polymers of composition (M = Fe, Co, Ni; C2/c, Z = 4) (1 – 3) and (P212121, Z = 4) (4) were obtained. In compounds 1 – 3 octahedral MIIO4N2 units are connected via acetylenedicarboxylate anions to form chain‐like polymers. In compound 4 square pyramidal CuIIO3N2 units are found, which are also connected to chains by acetylenedicarboxylates. Thermoanalytical investigations on 3 show an abrupt mass loss of approx. 40 % above 130 °C, which points to a release of both pyridine ligands (calc.: 43 %). Thereafter, the sample decomposes continuously, which is confirmed by XRPD measurements, as an amorphous residue is found. Magnetic susceptibility measurements of 1 – 3 display paramagnetic behaviour in the temperature range 2‐300 K. While μeff of 3 (d8 configuration) with orbital singlet ground state is nearly temperature‐independent, 1 (d6) and 2 (d7) exhibit complicated μeff−T behaviour on account of a ligand‐field ground state derived from the cubic states 5T2 and 4T1, respectively. On the basis of a tetragonal ligand‐field model excellent adaptations are obtained with reasonable ligand‐field parameters. Exchange interactions between the magnetic ions are detected in no case.
LuF[SeO3] und LuCl[SeO3]: Zwei nicht‐isotype Halogenid‐Oxoselenate(IV) des Lutetiums
Authors: Lipp Christian , Schleid Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractLuF[SeO3] and LuCl[SeO3]: Two Non‐Isotypic Halide Oxoselenates(IV) of LutetiumDespite the formal similarity of LuF[SeO3] and LuCl[SeO3] both compounds show significant structural differences due to the different positions of the halide anions (X−) within the pentagonal bipyramids [LuO5X2]9−. However, both oxoselenates(IV) have these pentagonal bipyramids as basic modules in common that are connected via O2− edges to chains. LuCl[SeO3] crystallizes orthorhombically in space group Pnma (no. 62; a = 714.63(7), b = 681.76(7) and c = 864.05(9) pm; Z = 4). The structure is isotypic to that one recently presented for ErCl[SeO3]. With a single Cl− anion in each an apical and an equatorial position, the chains have to be inclined with an angle of about 54° relative to each other to get connected alternately by common Cl− corners and bridging [SeO3]2− pyramids. In contrast to that, LuF[SeO3] which crystallizes triclinically in space group (no. 2; a = 644.85(6), b = 684.41(7), c = 427.98(4) pm, α = 94.063(5), β = 96.484(5) and γ = 91.895(5)°; Z = 2) takes a structural motif already known from CsTmCl2[SeO3]. Owing to the apical position of both halide anions it is now possible to connect the chains directly via discrete Ψ1‐tetrahedral [SeO3]2− groups to layers. The same layers are present in LuF[SeO3] and without the formal alkali‐metal halide unit (CsCl) of the CsTmCl2[SeO3]‐type compounds, the layers can also be connected directly by common F− corners to a three‐dimensional array. Torch‐sealed evacuated silica ampoules were used for the synthesis of both lutetium(III) halide oxoselenates(IV). For LuF[SeO3] these vessels have been graphitized before to prevent them from oxosilicate‐producing side‐reactions with the applied fluoride. The synthesis of LuCl[SeO3] required Lu2O3 and SeO2 in a molar ratio of 1 : 6 with a surplus of an eutectic RbCl/LiCl mixture as fluxing agent and an annealing period of five weeks at a temperature of 500 °C, whereas Lu2O3, LuF3 and SeO2 (in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 : 3) with CsBr as flux were converted to LuF[SeO3] at 750 °C within six days.
Simcluster: clustering enumeration gene expression data on the simplex space
Authors: Vêncio Ricardo , Varuzza Leonardo , Pereira Carlos , Brentani Helena , Shmulevich Ilya 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTranscript enumeration methods such as SAGE, MPSS, and sequencing-by-synthesis EST "digital northern", are important high-throughput techniques for digital gene expression measurement. As other counting or voting processes, these measurements constitute compositional data exhibiting properties particular to the simplex space where the summation of the components is constrained. These properties are not present on regular Euclidean spaces, on which hybridization-based microarray data is often modeled. Therefore, pattern recognition methods commonly used for microarray data analysis may be non-informative for the data generated by transcript enumeration techniques since they ignore certain fundamental properties of this space.Here we present a software tool, Simcluster, designed to perform clustering analysis for data on the simplex space. We present Simcluster as a stand-alone command-line C package and as a user-friendly on-line tool. Both versions are available at: http://xerad.systemsbiology.net/simcluster.Simcluster is designed in accordance with a well-established mathematical framework for compositional data analysis, which provides principled procedures for dealing with the simplex space, and is thus applicable in a number of contexts, including enumeration-based gene expression data.
Down will Come Baby, Cradle and All: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications of Chronic Trauma on Child Development
Authors: Streeck-Fischer Annette , van der Kolk Bessel A. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: This review examines the clinical outcomes associated with exposure to chronic intrafamilial trauma and explores the treatment of the psychological, biological and cognitive sequelae. Method: The existing research literature on the subject was collected, using Index Medicus/MEDLINE, Psychological Abstracts and the PILOTS database. The research findings were supplemented with clinical observations by the authors and other clinical writings on this topic. Results: Children with histories of exposure to multiple traumatic experiences within their families or in medical settings usually meet criteria for numerous clinical diagnoses, none of which capture the complexity of their biological, emotional and cognitive problems. These are expressed in a multitude of psychological, cognitive, somatic and behavioural problems, ranging from learning disabilities to aggression against self and others. Conclusions: Exposure to intrafamilial violence and other chronic trauma results in pervasive psychological and biological deficits. Treatment needs to address issues of safety, stabilise impulsive aggression against self and others, promote mastery experiences, compensate for specific developmental deficits, and judiciously process both the traumatic memories and trauma-related expectations.
A Cross-National Study of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Dutch-Australian Immigrants
Authors: den Velde W. Op , Hovens J.E. , Bramsen I. , McFarlane A.C. , Aarts P.G.H. , Falger P.R.J. , de Groen J.H.M. , van Duijn H. 
Published: June 2007

Objective: Studying the rates of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in people who experienced World War II, but who have subsequently lived in different environments is a way of looking at the impact of recovery environment on PTSD. Immigrants had less support in terms of the social cohesion in their home country, but were not subjected to the same triggers of war-related intrusions. Method: Posttraumatic stress disorder was investigated in citizens from the Netherlands who emigrated to Australia in the post-World War II years (n = 251). Immigrants born between 1920 and 1930 (n = 171) were compared with a same-aged group living in Holland (n = 1461) for stressful war experiences and the extent of PTSD. Results: Those who had been exposed to the most severe war stress were over-represented in the immigrant group. Immigrants with current PTSD more often stated that motives for migration were threat of a third world war, disappointment with Dutch society and personal problems. We were unable to demonstrate specific effects of emigration on the prevalence of current PTSD. Conclusions: This study suggests that exposure to severe war stress promoted the need to emigrate. The comparable PTSD scores of the groups of war victims living in Australia and the Netherlands support the notion that extreme war stress may be considered the primary determining factor in the development of PTSD, and that actual post-war living circumstances are, in the long term, of subordinate importance.
General Principles of Forensic Report Writing
Authors: Allnutt Stephen H. , Chaplow David 
Published: June 2007

Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide an update of principles of forensic report writing, to guide and assist registrars, junior consultants and psychiatrists considering working within the forensic arena. Method: The literature was reviewed for information on principles of report writing from a variety of jurisdictions. Additionally, literature on medical ethics was examined. Result: Writing reports is a professional activity that most psychiatrists undertake at some point in their careers. The report represents the psychiatrist's professional opinion. It is important that information is accurate, relevant and ethical. In writing medico-legal reports, psychiatry deviates from traditional medical ethics. Conclusion: It is important that psychiatrists who write reports have a good understanding of the process and behave ethically and competently.
Women and Educational Management: a Trinidad and Tobago perspective
Authors: Morris Jeanette 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe paper describes women teachers' perceptions of factors which facilitated or militated against their involvement in educational management. In‐depth interviews were held with seven women, four Afro‐Trinidadians and three Indo‐Trinida‐dians. Women teachers tended not to have well‐defined career plans, to defer and modify their career aspirations due to domestic responsibilities and to prefer the professional technical aspect of teaching to the administrative managerial aspect. Women who were successful in administration tended to have been supported by sponsors or mentors, especially in male‐dominated environments. However, women did become career ambitious later in their careers and actively sought administrative posts for a variety of reasons, so that the existing imbalance between male and female administrators is being challenged.
Starting from Scratch: an equal opportunities initiative in teacher education
Authors: Goulding Maria , Thompson Linda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUniversity departments of education in England and Wales plan and deliver their courses according to externally imposed criteria, with gender issues included in education for equal opportunities. This paper presents student and tutor responses to an evaluation of a 1 week compulsory unit on gender in a secondary postgraduate certificate in education course. The reactions to different components of the week are analysed in terms of the contrasting situations and power relations within them. Strong negative responses indicate that staff trying to keep, or even put, gender issues on the agenda face an uphill struggle. This may be made more difficult by the radical reforms proposed for teacher education courses in the near future.
Governors, Schools and the Miasma of the Market
Authors: Deem Rosemary , Brehony Kevin , Heath Suzanne 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe paper examines some of the effects of exposing state schools to the strictures of the market on three governing bodies of secondary schools in two local education authorities. Using illustrative data drawn from an intensive 4 year study, the authors argue that the imposition of the market on schools can exacerbate value divisions between governors in the same school. Also the concern to improve the image and marketability of a school can result in attention being focused on the needs of future rather than existing pupils. Competition between schools may thus result not in higher quality education or diversity of provision but rather produce a search for uniformity in the shape of the desirable middle‐class parent and child. The notion of schools serving a local community may thus be disrupted and choice for working‐class and ethnic minority parents and pupils reduced rather than increased.
Enabling Pupils with Learning Difficulties to Reflect on Their Own Thinking
Authors: Powell Stuart D. , Makin Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper reports the design, implementation and evaluation of a teaching and learning programme for a group of 12 and 13 year‐old pupils with moderate learning difficulties. The intention of the programme was to focus pupils' attention on their own thinking and learning processes within the context of mathematics activities. Through self‐reporting and self‐appraisal, the programme attempted to increase pupils' awareness of, and subsequently control over, these thought processes. The paper examines the possibilities of this kind of reflection as a way of enhancing the learning capabilities and self‐esteem of these pupils.
Integrating Systematic Enquiry into Everyday Professional Practice: towards some principles of procedure
Authors: Frost David 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper is an exercise in reflexivity. The writer reflects on his efforts to develop a collaborative action research methodology for evaluating a professional development scheme which is designed to support ‘bottom‐up development planning’. The scheme in question is one in which an HEI collaborates with managers in secondary schools to establish school‐based, award‐bearing, programmes which are themselves based on a particular approach to action research: The writer is able therefore to explore the substantive focus of his research—the development of an insider methodology for teachers—through reflection on his own methodology as a practitioner researcher and vice versa. The paper also sets out a range of issues which have emerged so far and identifies some tentative ‘principles of procedure’ which provide a basis for the evaluation of such schemes.
A Crisis of Identity: school merger and cultural transition
Authors: Wallace Mike 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper charts the transition in staff professional cultures and identities when three primary sector schools were merged, focusing on the cultural leadership activity of the headteacher of the single merged school before and after reorganisation. A combined cultural and political perspective is employed to analyse who has the power to shape the staff professional culture and identity. The impact of the headteacher's attempts to build a unified staff culture and corporate identity are interpreted through this perspective. Unintended consequences of the merger were two forms of ‘balkanisation’, or development of subcultures and separate identities in the merged institution: first, preservation of the pre‐merger culture of staff in the infant department and their primary identification as members of this department; and second, the emergence of the senior management team as a new group responsible for promoting a unified staff culture and new institutional identity but which, nevertheless, other staff perceived to distance them from the headteacher. Implications of the findings for policy‐makers responsible for reorganisation of schooling are outlined and the potential of the cultural and political perspective for understanding the process of organisational change is considered.
Mentoring Processes in School‐based Training
Authors: Dunne Elisabeth , Bennett Neville 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious research on mentoring in school‐based training has indicated that although this is a very influential role it is often poorly conceived and prepared for. Dialogues appear to be characterised by a lack of challenge and reflection, knowledge bases for teaching are treated in very different ways, and roles, responsibilities and expectations are often unclear. The main aim of this study therefore was to gain a greater understanding of mentoring processes in pre‐service training, through analyses of the perspectives of, and dialogues between, student‐teachers and all those involved in their mentoring in one institution and its partner schools. Analyses of data focused on differences in the nature and content of discussions and conferences of student‐teachers with class teachers, co‐tutors and university supervisors. These analyses revealed large differences consistent with the mentoring model used, but provided little support for previous empirical claims.
Accounting for Variations in Pupil Attainment at the End of Key Stage 1
Authors: Sammons Pamela , West Anne , Hind Audrey 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis article analyses pupil national assessment results at Key Stage 1 (KS1) in the three core curriculum areas (English, mathematics and science) and in terms of an overall measure of performance across these areas for a sample of over 2400 pupils drawn from 62 inner London primary schools. It explores the influence of pupil background characteristics and school attended on attainment at KS1 and provides a contextualised analysis of schools’ performance. The findings demonstrate the greater importance of background factors (gender, age, low income, fluency in English) as influences on English attainment in comparison with other subjects and the implications of this for the publication of raw national assessment results are highlighted. The extent to which process information about school and classroom organisation and teaching practices accounts for school‐level variation in pupils’ attainment is also explored. A number of significant relationships are identified and their implications discussed.
Pharmacists' provision of methadone to intoxicated clients in community pharmacies, Victoria, Australia
Authors: Koutroulis Glenda Yvonne , Kutin Jozica Johanna , Ugoni Antony Marcello , Odgers Peta , Muhleisen Peter , Ezard Nadine , Lintzeris Nicholas , Stowe Aaron , Lanagan Amanda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper concerns pharmacists dispensing methadone to intoxicated clients, drawing on both questionnaire and focus‐group data from a 1996 evaluation of the community‐based methadone programme in Victoria, Australia. The questionnaire was sent to registered community methadone pharmacies in Victoria (N = 188). The response rate was 84% and 148 questionnaires were analysed. Pharmacists were asked how they would respond to clients who presented intoxicated for their methadone dose. Results indicated that 32% of pharmacists said that they would provide a client who presented intoxicated with his or her usual methadone dose. The analyses suggested that pharmacists who were male and those pharmacists whose number of methadone clients exceeded 10 were more likely to dispense methadone to an intoxicated client than female pharmacists and those pharmacists with less than 10 clients. Pharmacists who would withhold the methadone dose were more likely to inform the client's prescribing doctor at the time (74%) than pharmacists who would provide the usual or modified dose (41%). In order to understand the social processes underlying provision of methadone to intoxicated clients this theme was later taken up in a focus group with pharmacists. Reasons given by pharmacists to explain the dispensing of methadone to intoxicated clients were: insufficient communication between prescribers and pharmacists; a down playing of the pharmacological dangers; personal beliefs and values; a fear of retribution from the client if thedose was refused; difficulty in recognizing intoxication; lack of education and training. The results raise concerns about the basis on which pharmacists make decisions about providing methadone to intoxicated clients.