bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF ANDROGEN ON GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION AND GROWTH IN BOYS WITH SHORT STATURE
Authors: Martin Luis G. , Grossman Milton S. , Connor Thomas B. , Levitsky Lynn L. , Clark John W. , Camitta Francine D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of plasma growth hormone (GH) to insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (IIH) and arginine infusion (AI) was studied in 22 young males (ages 8 to 17 years) with short stature and absent or delayed sexual maturation, before and after androgen administration. During initial evaluation, 5 patients had blunted GH response to IIH, 12 responded subnormally to AI and 4 failed to respond normally to either stimulus. These same studies were repeated in each patient following androgen administration. The source of androgen was as follows: a) 5 days of testosterone propionate (25 mg intramuscularly daily) in 20 patients. b) Methyltestosterone, 10 mg t. i. d. orally for four days in the other 2 subjects. In almost every case, androgen administration resulted in raising the levels of fasting GH and enhancement of the GH responses to IIH and AI was observed. Patients manifesting subnormal GH responses to these stimuli before androgen consistently demonstrated a normal response when challenged with identical stimuli during androgen administration. Growth velocities during the year following these studies were significantly increased in most instances and the growth spurts correlated well with the progression of sexual maturation. Sustained improvement in the GH responses to IIH and AI were uniformly observed in 3 patients when repetitive studies were performed 8 to 12 months later during spontaneous advancing sexual development. The results indicate that brief androgen administration can be helpful in delineating the cause of growth retardation in boys with short stature and delayed sexual maturation, particularly when the diagnosis of isolated growth hormone deficiency is suspected. They also offer prognostic value in determining growth potential in this same group of young males.
INHIBITION OF PROLACTIN AND LACTATION BY METHYLERGOMETRINE HYDROGENMALEATE
Authors: Peters F. , Lummerich M. , Breckwoldt M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Reports on the effect of methylergometrine hydrogenmaleate1) (MEM) on prolactin (PRL) secretion and lactation are still controversial. Therefore a prospective study was designed to follow the influence of MEM on post-partum PRL levels and milk production. MEM was given orally to 30 post-partum women from day 1 to day 7 in a daily dose of 0.6 mg. Thirty untreated women served as control. PRL plasma levels and milk yield were compared at day 1, 3 and 7. PRL levels were significantly lower in the treated group at day 7 (P < 0.01), while the difference at day 3 was statistically not significant. Milk yield was significantly reduced at day 3 (P < 0.05) and day 7 (P < 0.01).
These results indicate PRL inhibiting properties of MEM resulting consequently in reduced lactation.
A SENSITIVE AND SPECIFIC IN VITRO BIOASSAY METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE ACTIVITY
Authors: Van Damme M.-P. , Robertson D. M. , Marana R. , Ritzén E. M. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An in vitro bioassay method for hFSH is presented. The method is based on the principles previously described by Dorrington et al. (1976b) and involves the assay of oestradiol produced from 19-hydroxyandrostenedione by dispersed Sertoli cells of 10-day old rats when cultured in the presence of graded doses of FSH. Using the 1st International Reference Preparation for human pituitary gonadotrophins (FSH and LH/ICSH) for bioassay (code no. 69/104) as standard, the useful range of the method is from 0.5 to 32 mIU/chamber (2 to 128 mIU/ml). The sensitivity of the method is 0.5 mIU/chamber. The mean index of precision <UNK> obtained from 16 multiple assays over 2 or 3 dose levels was 0.084. Parallelism was obtained between the 69/104 preparation and all preparations under study. The practicability of the proposed assay method is such that 15 preparations at 3 dose levels can be assayed by one person in 3 days. The specificity of the assay was investigated by determining the FSH activity in the following preparations: hFSHa-α and β-subunits, hLH, hCG, hTSH, ACTH, human growth hormone (hGH) human prolactin (hPRL) and luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH). The ACTH, hGH, hPRL and LH-RH preparations studied showed no detectable FSH activity in the assay. In the remaining preparations very low levels of FSH activity were found, corresponding to 0.004 to 0.6 % of the weight of these preparations when compared with a highly purified hFSH preparation, suggesting that the method is specific for FSH. The possible synergistic or antagonistic influence of the above preparations when assayed in the presence of the 69/104 preparation was also assessed. No evidence of a synergistic or antogonistic effect was found. The assay of the hFSH potencies of a limited number of hFSH preparations of varying purity by the proposed in vitro bioassay, an hFSH radioreceptor method and an hFSH specific radioimmunoassay technique revealed that – although the relationship of the various potencies obtained with each method showed a close agreement – the bioassays yielded the highest potency estimates, and the radioimmunoassays the lowest ones.
Since the proposed bioassay method is sensitive and considered to be specific for hFSH activity, it provides a suitable basis for the assessment of the specificity of other in vitro methods (radioreceptor and radioimmunoassay) currently used for detecting low levels of FSH activity.
EFFECTS OF METHYLMERCAPTOIMIDAZOLE (MMI), PROPYLTHIOURACIL (PTU), POTASSIUM PERCHLORATE (KClO4) AND POTASSIUM IODIDE (KI) ON THE SERUM CONCENTRATIONS OF THYROTROPHIN (TSH) AND THYROID HORMONES IN THE RAT
Authors: Männistö P. T. , Ranta T. , Leppäluoto J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given graded doses of methylmercaptoimidazole (MMI), propylthiouracil (PTU), KClO4 or KI in drinking water for 4 days, or the lowest effective dose of each drug for various times. The rats were sacrificed at 1–2 p. m. and serum T3, T4 and TSH concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassays. It was found that administration of 5 mg/l of MMI, 10 mg/l of PTU and 100 mg/l of KClO4 for 4–14 days induced a transient rise in serum TSH and a fall in serum T3 or T4 or in both. The effects of KI were not consistent. In another series of experiments, PTU (10 mg/l) was given in drinking water for 4 days, and then graded doses of T3 or T4 were given iv, or 100 ng of TRH was injected into a tail vein, or the animals were exposed to 4°C for 30 min. The initial high TSH levels were further increased by TRH and cold and decreased by T3 and T4. The PTU-treated animals had goitres after 4 days. We infer that low doses, that is to say 10–100 times lower than previously described, of antithyroid drugs induce a hypothyroidism characterized by an increased TSH level and a decreased serum T3 or T4 level or both. A 4 days' treatment with PTU (10 mg/l in tap water) is a suitable tool for studying the effect of various conditions on TSH secretion.
EFFECT OF TWO SULPHONYLUREAS ON THE DOSE KINETICS OF GLUCOSE – INDUCED INSULIN RELEASE IN NORMAL AND DIABETIC SUBJECTS
Authors: Cerasi Erol , Efendic Suad , Thornqvist Christina , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2008

The effect of two second generation sulphonylureas, gliquidone and glibenclamide, on insulin secretion has been studied in the basal state and in combination with glucose infusions in normal controls, patients with mild maturity-onset diabetes, and subjects with normal glucose tolerance but low insulin response. When injected intravenously, gliquidone caused rapid elevation of plasma insulin, peaking at 5 min in all groups, while glibenclamide induced a slow rise in insulin. Insulin response was somewhat smaller than normal in diabetics and low insulin responders. In all groups, 25 μg/kg glibenclamide and 200 μg/kg gliquidone were equipotent in generating an insulin response at the basal state.
Equipotent amounts of sulphonylureas were combined with glucose infusions at three different dose levels. The glucose-insulin dose relationships, established by giving glucose alone, demonstrated curves that were flatter, and shifted to the right of the control in diabetics and low insulin responders, the changes being more marked in the former group. Addition of sulphonylurea induced a left shift in the dose-response relationships in controls and low insulin responders; under these conditions the effect of glibenclamide was more pronounced than that of gliquidone. The doseresponse relation for glucose-induced insulin release was completely normalized in low responders when sulphonylureas were added. In the group of mild diabetics, insulin response to glucose was enhanced by sulphonylureas only to a modest extent, the dose-response curves remaining grossly abnormal.
It is concluded that, under acute experiments, sulphonylureas correct the deficient insulin response only in subjects with minimal abnormalities of the glucose tolerance; their effect in diabetics, even very mild ones, is marginal.
INHIBITION OF DIPHOSPHONATE-BLOCKED BONE MINERALIZATION. EVIDENCE THAT CALCITONIN PROMOTES MINERALIZATION
Authors: Boris Alfred , Hurley James F. , Trmal Thelma , Mallon John P. , Matuszewski Diana S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
There is much experimental evidence which indicates that calcitonin inhibits bone mineral resorption, but there are few data available in support of the proposal that calcitonin may also promote mineralization. Ethane-1-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) administered to immature rats inhibited mineralization as evidenced by widened tibial epiphyseal plates and decreased bone ash to dry weight ratios. Concurrent dosing with salmon calcitonin (SCT) prevented or reversed the EHDP-blocked mineralization in a dose dependent manner.
Administration of SCT during the period after EHDP treatment significantly improved mineralization of tibial epiphyseal plates as shown by plate width narrowing and increased uptake of radioactive calcium. These results suggest that SCT increased mineralization in EHDP-treated rats, and provide supportive evidence for the proposal that calcitonin may also promote mineralization, in addition to its well known ability to inhibit bone mineral resorption.
BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL STUDIES ON PROSTATES IN CASTRATED DOGS AFTER TREATMENT WITH ANDROSTANEDIOL, OESTRADIOL AND CYPROTERONE ACETATE
Authors: Tunn U. , Senge Th. , Schenck B. , Neumann F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of cyproterone acetate (CA) on experimentally induced benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the castrated dog was investigated. BPH was induced by 6 months' treatment with 3α-androstanediol (3α-diol) alone and in combination with 17β-oestradiol (Oe2). RNA, DNA and zinc content of the glands were determined in addition to histological examination and measurement of the prostates. Two different types of prostatic enlargement were observed. First, 3α-diol induced typical diffuse canine hyperplasia with replacement of functional activity. DNA, RNA and the zinc content of total glands were increased compared with intact controls. Second, 3α-diol plus Oe2 produced on the one hand a more striking increase of prostatic weights, but on the other a loss of typical morphological structure and function. Histologically, transformation of simple glandular epithelium into stratified squamous metaplasia occurred in addition to stimulation of fibromuscular tissue. Biochemically, a relative decrease of DNA per mg tissue was measured with a fall in the RNA to DNA ratio and zinc to the values of castrates. Administration of CA resulted in an abolition of the 3α-diol effect. Biochemical determinations and histological examinations revealed an effect similar to castration after treatment with 3α-diol plus CA. After treatment with 3α-diol plus Oe2 plus CA fibromuscular stimulation as an oestrogen effect predominated in addition to glandular atrophy and metaplastic changes, especially in prostatic ducts. Epithelial hyperplasia is an effect of 3α-diol, whereas metaplastic proliferation only occurs in oestrogenized and androgenized dogs. In both types of prostatic enlargement CA prevents development of hyperplastic prostate.
STUDIES ON THE ORIGIN OF ALTERED THYROID HORMONE LEVELS IN THE BLOOD OF RATS DURING COLD EXPOSURE
Authors: van Hardeveld C. , Zuidwijk M. J. , Kassenaar A. A. H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Rats were exposed to cold (4°C) for 1 and 4 weeks. The T4 plasma concentrations initially declined (24.5 ± 7.7 nmol/l) after 1 week but returned to normal levels after 4 weeks (52.9 ± 14.2 nmol/l). The T3 concentrations were elevated after both 1 and 4 weeks at 4°C (1.31 ± 0.21 and 1.38 ± 0.12 nmol/l, respectively). Control values (23°C) for T4 were 42.6 ± 10.3 and for T3 1.11 ± 0.13 nmol/l. Addition of 0.015 g KI/l to the drinking water prevented the T4 decrease in plasma after 1 week of cold exposure. No effect of iodide was observed at 23°C. The suppletion of KI did not change pattern of T3 increase after cold exposure. After 4 weeks of cold exposure the T4 levels of the iodide-supplemented animals did not differ from the non-supplemented group.
No evidence was found that increased food intake is a contributory factor in the development leading to increased T3 plasma levels during cold exposure.
REPLACEMENT ORAL ETHINYLOESTRADIOL THERAPY FOR GONADAL DYSGENESIS: GROWTH AND ADRENAL ANDROGEN STUDIES
Authors: Lucky Anne W. , Marynick Samuel P. , Rebar Robert W. , Cutler Gordon B. , Glen Michael , Johnsonbaugh Rober E. , Loriaux D. Lynn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
We have studied growth and adrenal dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) responses to iv synthetic adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH, Cortrosyn) in 6 girls with gonadal dysgenesis before and during treatment with lowdose ethinyloestradiol (EOe2). In all patients there was a statisfactory induction of secondary sexual characteristics including increase in breasts and pubic hair and onset of withdrawal bleeding within 6 months of therapy. Height velocity increased from 2.8 ± 0.9 cm/year pre-treatment to 5.3 ± 1.5 cm/year (P < 0.02) in the first year. There was deceleration to 1.9 ± 1.1 cm/year in the second year. There was no disproportionate advancement in bone age and thus, presumably, no loss of ultimate height. We could demonstrate no change in basal or ACTH-stimulated levels of DHA, a specific adrenal androgen, to account for the increased pubic hair and growth in these patients.
RESTORATION OF OESTROGEN POSITIVE FEEDBACK EFFECT ON LH RELEASE BY BROMOCRIPTINE IN HYPERPROLACTINAEMIC PATIENTS WITH GALACTORRHOEA-AMENORRHOEA
Authors: Aono Toshihiro , Miyake Akira , Yasuda Takenori Shioji Motoi , Koike Koji , Kurachi Keiichi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Five mg of bromocriptine was administered for 3 weeks to 8 hyperprolactinaemic women with galactorrhoea-amernorrhoea, in whom the response of serum luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) to 100 μg of iv LH-releasing hormone (LH-RH) had been evaluated. Twenty mg of conjugated oestrogen (Premarin®) was injected iv any day between the 10th and 12th day from the initiation of the treatment, and serum LH levels were serially determined for 120 h.
Hyperresponse of LH with normal FSH response to LH-RH was observed in most patients. Bromocriptine treatment for 10 to 12 days significantly suppressed mean (± se) serum prolactin (PRL) levels from 65.1 ± 23.0 to 10.4 ± 2.0 ng/ml, while LH (12.6 ± 2.1 to 24.8 ± 5.9 mIU/ml) and oestradiol (40.1 ± 7.6 to 111.4 ± 20.8 pg/ml) levels increased significantly. Patients on bromocriptine treatment showed LH release with a peak at 48 h after the injection of Premarin. The mean per cent increases in LH were significantly higher than those in untreated patients with galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea between 32 and 96 h after the injection.
The present results seem to suggest that the restoration of LH-releasing response to oestrogen following suppression of PRL by bromocriptine may play an important role in induction of ovulation in hyperprolactinaemic patients with galactorrhoea-amenorrhoea.
EFFECTS OF OBESITY, TOTAL FASTING AND RE-ALIMENTATION ON l-THYROXINE (T4), 3,5,3'-l-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (T3), 3,3',5'-l-TRIIODOTHYRONINE (rT3), THYROXINE BINDING GLOBULIN (TBG), CORTISOL, THYROTROPHIN, CORTISOL BINDING GLOBULIN (CBG), TRANSFERRIN, α2-HAPTOGLOBIN AND COMPLEMENT C'3 IN SERUM
Authors: Scriba Peter C. , Bauer Manfred , Emmert Dieter , Fateh-Moghadam Ahmed , Hofmann Gert G. , Horn Klaus , Pickardt C. Renate 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of total fasting for 31 ± 10 days followed by re-alimentation with an 800 calorie diet on thyroid function, i.e. T4,T3, rT3, RT3U (resin T3 uptake), and TSH, and on TBG levels in serum were studied sequentially in obese hospitalized patients (N = 18). Additionally, cortisol, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and free fatty acids were followed as hormonal and metabolic parameters, respectively. Further, CBG, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 were measured as representatives of other serum proteins.
Results before fasting: T4, T3,3, TBG, cortisol, CBG, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 of the obese patients were elevated when compared with healthy normal weight controls, whereas rT3, T4/TBG ratio, T3/TBG ratio, TSH, cortisol/CBG ratio, growth hormone, prolactin, parathyrin and transferrin of the obese group were normal. RT3U and fT4 index were decreased in the obese patients.
Results during fasting: Significant decreases were observed during fasting for the following parameters – T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin, complement C'3. rT3, T4/TBG ratio, RT3U, fT4 index and FFA increased. T4, TSH response to TRH stimulation, cortisol, CBG, cortisol/CBG ratio, parathyrin, growth hormone and prolactin did not change.
Results during re-alimentation: T3, TBG, T3/TBG ratio, TSH response to TRH, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3 increased. Conversely, rT3, RT3U, FFA, cortisol and cortisol/CBG ratio decreased, whereas the other parameters did not change.
Conclusions: 1) There is no evidence for primary hypothyroidism in obese patients during prolonged fasting and re-alimentation. 2) The rapid decrease of T3 and increase of RT3U after initiation of fasting are not fully explained by the observed slower decreases in TBG. 3) The alterations of T3, rT3 and RT3U resemble in their kinetics the changes in FFA levels. 4) Fasting reduced the levels of only certain serum proteins, interestingly TBG, transferrin, α2-haptoglobin and complement C'3, all of which, except transferrin, are elevated in obesity. 5) The magnitude of the observed decreases does not suggest any clinically relevant deficiencies in serum proteins. 6) Re-alimentation reverses rapidly all observed changes.
SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM IN ADDISON'S DISEASE
Authors: Faber Jens , Cohn Dorte , Kirkegaard Carsten , Christy Morten , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Friis Thorkild , Nerup Jørn 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fourteen patients with Idiopatic Addison's disease (IAD) were studied in order to detect a possible subclinical hypothyroid state. All were clinically euthyroid with normal serum thyroxine (T4) and serum 3,5′,3′-triiodothyronine (T3). Eleven had circulating thyroid microsomal antibodies in blood. The mean basal serum TSH was significantly higher than that of the control group but only three patients had values above the upper normal range. The mean value of serum T4 was decreased as compared to that of the normal persons, while serum 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine was elevated. 7.5 mU bovine thyrotrophin per kilogram body weight injected intravenously caused a rise in serum T3 not different from the response in normals. However, as well increasing serum TSH as increasing microsomal antibody titer correlated significantly to decreasing thyroidal release of T3.
Our results suggest that clinically euthyroid patients suffering from IAD might have a beginning thyroidal insufficiency because of a progressive immunological damage of the thyroid.
PROSTAGLANDIN-STIMULATED LH RELEASE IN CYCLIC AND OVARIECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Carlson J. C. , Kehl S. J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ability of prostaglandin (PG) E2 treatment to stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release was compared in cyclic (4-day) and ovariectomized rats. PGE2 (500 μg) was injected sc and plasma LH concentration was determined in serial jugular blood samples. Administration of PGE2 at 13.30 h on each day of the oestrous cycle resulted in a significantly greater increase in plasma LH levels at pro-oestrus and oestrus than at dioestrus 1 and 2. This differential response by the hypothalamo-hypophyseal axis during the oestrous cycle implicates regulatory activity by ovarian steroid feedback. In oestrogen-primed ovariectomized rats, PGE2 administration stimulated a significant increase in plasma LH, but similar treatment in non-primed castrates decreased plasma LH levels. This finding suggests a major role for oestrogen in regulating this response.
LH-SECRETORY RESPONSES CAUSED BY CONTINUOUS INFUSION OF LH-RH IN PSEUDOPREGNANT RATS
Authors: Koiter T. R. , Pols-Valkhof N. , Zürcher A. F. , Schuiling G. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The LH-secretory response (LH-S.R.), caused by (standard) infusion of LH-RH, was estimated throughout pseudopregnancy (PSP) as well as on dioestrus – 1 and –2 of the 4-day oestrous cycle. The LH-S.R. was judged according to 3 parameters: (1) mean maximal plasma LH concentration ("height", expressed in ng LH-RP-1/ml plasma), (2) mean area under the curve (AUC, expressed in "area units"), and (3) a composite, dimensionless, parameter: RQ ("response quotient"), defined as height/AUC. This latter parameter informs on the shape of the curve.
The LH-S.R.'s on day 1 of PSP and dioestrus-1 were both relatively low (about 350 ng LH-RP-1/ml plasma) and characterized by the same RQ about 12). On days 2, 5, 7 and 9 of PSP the LH-S.R.'s were essentially the same and appeared to have characteristics of the LH-S.R.'s of both PSP-1 and dioestrus-1 (RQ) and dioestrus-2 (height; about 1000 ng LH-RP-1/ml plasma). From day 10 on the LH-S.R.'s became increasingly higher (PSP 11: about 1900 ng LH-RP-1/ml plasma; PSP 12: about 3300 ng LH-RP-1/ml plasma) and steeper (RQ equals about 22).
At the end of PSP the spontaneous LH-surges were measured. These appeared to be very high if compared to those which are generated in 4-day cyclic rats (about 5800 ng LH-RP-1/ml plasma).
The results indicate that a period of PSP is not simply an ovulatory cycle of which the dioestrous phase is extended by about a week and it is suggested that "active" corpora lutea secrete, next to progesterone, substances which play a key role in the regulation of the secretion of LH in the course of PSP.