bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Low‐Frequency Noise Analysis of GSCG Double‐Gate MOSFET in the Subthreshold Region
Authors: Bardhan Srikrishna , Jena Pradipta Kumar , Misra Sarita , Das Sanghamitra , Pati Sudhansu Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the noise analysis of double‐gate MOSFETs with gate stacking and channel grading (GSCG). In particular, the low‐frequency noise, flicker noise, or thermal noise power spectral densities are presented by varying different geometrical parameters of the device, such as the length and thickness of the channel (L and tsi, respectively), and the thickness of the gate‐oxide and high‐k insulating material (t1 and t2, respectively) in the subthreshold region. Prior to developing the mathematical formulations for flicker noise and thermal noise PSDs, we first propose the analytical models for drain current and inversion charge density. Published experimental results are used to validate the drain current model and flicker noise model (both normalized and unnormalized). The results obtained from the model show excellent matching with the experimental data. Our findings show that the effect of flicker noise decreases as the operating frequency increases. Owing to the reduced carrier mobility in the conducting channel and carrier scattering at the oxide–semiconductor interfaces of the proposed device, the device's performance can be enhanced by lowering the flicker noise level as the channel length and the thicknesses of both insulating materials (SiO2 and HfO2) increase. Similarly, the thermal noise PSD can be reduced by increasing the channel thickness. Our proposed device's flicker and thermal noise study in the subthreshold region points to a possible contender that can be employed for both analog/RF applications and a wide range of frequencies.
Comparative Effects of Bacillus strains applied Via Seed Biopriming and Soil Drenching Applications on the Morpho‐Physiological and Transcriptional Aspects of Cotton
Authors: Mahmood Tahir , Moosa Anam , Zulfiqar Faisal , Aslam Muhammad Naveed , Zhao Hongwei , Mohammadi Meisam , İzgü Tolga , Bozkurt Taner , Ahmed Temoor , Darwish Doaa Bahaa Eldin 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBiofertilizers are considered as a sustainable solution for promoting the growth and productivity of crops while reducing the dependence on chemical fertilizers. There is a growing need for the sustainable agricultural solutions to lessen the reliance on chemical fertilizers; thus, evaluating Bacillus strains as biofertilizers for cotton growth promotion can support eco‐friendly and economically viable crop production. Therefore, the growth promoting potential of endophytic Bacillus altitudinis strain TM22 and B. atrophaeus strain MCM61 applied as soil drenching or seed treatment, was evaluated on cotton cv. 'SS32'. In vitro, the qualitative assay both TM22 and MCM61 showed proteolytic, amylolytic, lipolytic, cellulolytic, and chitinolytic activity. TM22 and MCM61 strains also demonstrated the ability to produce siderophores, indole 3‐acetic acid (IAA), and phosphate solubilization. In the pot experiment, seed biopriming with TM22 and MCM61 had better performance regarding plant growth and biomass, photosynthetic pigments, stomatal conductance, and relative leaf water contents than the soil drenching application. The gene expression analysis of growth hormones‐related genes demonstrated that TM22 and MCM61 showed an upregulated expression of ARF1, ARF18, EXP6, IAA9, GIB1b, and CKX6 while ERF and ERF17 genes were downregulated. Overall, these findings suggest that seed biopriming with B. altitudinis TM22 and B. atrophaeus MCM61 is an effective method with the potential to enhance the biomass of cotton.
Alcohol Intake and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Are Independently Associated With a Higher AST/Platelet Ratio Index in Obese Males
Authors: Fujii Hideki , Kamada Yoshihiro , Suzuki Yuichiro , Sawada Koji , Tatsuta Miwa , Maeshiro Tatsuji , Tobita Hiroshi , Tsutsumi Tsubasa , Akahane Takemi , Hasebe Chitomi , Kawanaka Miwa , Kessoku Takaomi , Eguchi Yuichiro , Syokita Hayashi , Nakajima Atsushi , Kamada Tomoari , Yoshiji Hitoshi , Kawaguchi Takumi , Sakugawa Hiroshi , Morishita Asahiro , Masaki Tsutomu , Ohmura Takumi , Watanabe Toshio , Yoda Yoshioki , Enomoto Nobuyuki , Ono Masafumi , Fuyama Kanako , Okada Kazufumi , Nishimoto Naoki , Ito Yoichi M. , Takahashi Hirokazu , Sumida Yoshio ,   Japan Study Group of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (JSG‐NAFLD)
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIt remains unclear whether alcohol intake and cardiometabolic factors are simultaneously associated with liver fibrosis progression in Japanese obese patients. This study investigated factors influencing liver fibrosis progression using the Aspartate Aminotransferase/Platelet Ratio Index (APRI), which does not include age. We conducted a cross‐sectional study of 26 737 obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) adults undergoing health checkups. Steatotic liver disease (SLD) was diagnosed via ultrasonography. Clinical characteristics were analysed according to BMI category and APRI to identify risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis (APRI > 1.0). The prevalence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and SLD increased with increasing BMI. On multivariable analysis in male, significant risk factors for advanced liver fibrosis included increased BMI (BMI 30–34.9 kg/m2: OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.89–3.69, p < 0.001; BMI 35–39.9 kg/m2: OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.89–3.69, p = 0.002; BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2: OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.24–9.96, p = 0.018), SLD (OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.49–3.05, p < 0.001), moderate alcohol intake (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.79, p = 0.031), heavy alcohol intake (OR 4.31, 95% CI 2.90–6.40, p < 0.001), high blood pressure (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.67, p = 0.044), and high fasting blood glucose (OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.12–2.28, p = 0.008). In female, only age > 65 years (OR 3.02, 95% CI1.93–4.73, p < 0.001), BMI, and high uric acid (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.15–3.68, p = 0.015) were extracted. In an obese male, alcohol intake and cardiometabolic factors were associated with liver fibrosis progression based on APRI, independent of elevated BMI and SLD.
Prey particle surface property mediates differential selection by the ubiquitous appendicularian Oikopleura dioica
Authors: Hiebert Terra C. , Aasjord Anne E. , Chourrout Daniel M. , Thompson Anne W. , Sutherland Kelly R. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCell surface properties can strongly mediate microbial interactions with predators in soil and host‐pathogen systems. Yet, the role of microbial surface properties in avoiding or enhancing predation in the ocean is less well known. Appendicularians are globally abundant marine suspension feeders that capture marine microorganisms in a complex mucous filtration system. We used artificial microspheres to test whether the surface properties of prey particles influenced selection by the appendicularian, Oikopleura dioica. We used a range of microsphere sizes (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 μm), concentrations (~ 103–106 particles mL−1), and two charges (amine‐modified, more positive vs. carboxylate‐modified, more negative) to represent open‐ocean microbial communities. We found that appendicularians selected between the particles of different charge. More negatively charged particles were enriched in the gut by up to 3.8‐fold, while more positive particles were enriched in the mucous filters by up to 4.7‐fold, leading to different particle fates. These results expand understanding of the mechanisms by which filter‐feeders select between prey and reveal a mechanism by which marine bacteria could rapidly alter their susceptibility to predation, either through adaption or acclimation.
Effect of rare earth cerium on the microstructure and properties of Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy
Authors: Jia Z. , Zhang Z. , Lu Y. , Ji J. , Xiao J. , Zhao Y. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe microstructure and properties of the Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy were analyzed by incorporating varying amounts of the rare earth element cerium. The study compared the alloy‘s microstructure, hardness, strength, friction, and wear. The results showed that adding 0.04 % of rare earth cerium refined the grain size of the Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy from 75 μm to 200 μm to 75 μm to125 μm. The hardness of the alloy increased by 22.78 % to 135.897 HV 0.1 after adding cerium, and the tensile strength of the alloy reached its highest peak at 452.08 MPa, with an elongation of up to 64.735 % after fracture. Additionally, the wear rate of the material decreased by about 38.6 % to 1.61×10−5 mm3/mm. In conclusion, the addition of the rare‐earth element cerium successfully improved the structure and properties of the Cu‐12Sn‐4Ni alloy, leading to enhanced hardness, strength, and wear resistance.
KNIME Workflows for Chemoinformatic Characterization of Chemical Databases
Authors: Ramírez‐Márquez Carlos D. , Medina‐Franco José L. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn chemoinformatics, chemical databases have great importance since their main objective is to store and organize the chemical structures of molecules and their properties, from basic information such as chemical structure to more complex like molecular fingerprints or other types of calculated or experimental descriptors and biological activity. However, this data can only be utilized in projects to identify novel therapeutic molecules or other fields through their correct characterization and analysis. In this Application Note, we compiled five workflows within the open‐source data analytics and visualization platform KNIME that can be implemented for the chemoinformatic characterization of databases. To illustrate the application of the workflows, we used BIOFACQUIM, a compound database of natural products isolated and characterized in Mexico [1].
Multiscale Topology Optimization Based on Moving Iso‐Surface Threshold Using Isogeometric Analysis
Authors: Su Xiaonan , Chen Wenjiong 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to optimize both the topology of microstructure and macrostructure, by using the Moving Iso‐ Surface Threshold (MIST) method under the framework of Isogeometric Analysis (IGA). To achieve this, the physical response and the equivalent properties of the microstructure are solved by IGA. The physical response functions are defined at the control points. The NURBS fitting method is used to fit the physical response function, generating a NURBS surface for describing the physical response function, that is, the explicitly described physical response function surface. An iso‐surface cut the NURBS physical response surfaces to obtain the explicitly described structure topology. In addition, the standard IGS files of the NURBS physical response surface and iso‐surface can be transferred to Computer‐Aided‐Design (CAD) software without post‐processing. The multiscale structure can be easily assembled in CAD software using the proposed method. Finally, several numerical examples are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed method. Obtained results show good agreement with examples in literature in terms of both topology and final value of objective function.
A Hybrid Collocation Method for Long‐Time Simulation of Heat Conduction in Anisotropic Functionally Graded Materials
Authors: Qiu Lin , Wang Fajie , Qu Wenzhen , Lin Ji , Gu Yan , Qin Qing‐Hua 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis study proposes a hybrid collocation approach for simulating heat conduction problems in anisotropic functionally graded materials over extended time intervals. In this approach, the Krylov deferred correction (KDC) scheme is employed for the temporal discretization of dynamic problems, featuring a novel numerical implementation designed to ensure the precise satisfaction of boundary conditions. The localized radial basis function (LRBF) collocation method is modified and utilized to solve the resulting boundary value problems. A new radial basis function is developed and combined with an optimization strategy for the distribution of source points to enhance the performance of the LRBF scheme. This method synergizes the KDC technique, which supports large time step sizes, with the LRBF collocation method, characterized by its truly meshless nature, to address dynamic problems over long durations. Additionally, the coefficient matrix produced by the LRBF method is sparse and depends solely on the spatial distances between collocation points and source points, which is advantageous for long‐term simulations. Numerical simulations spanning thousands of time steps demonstrate the accuracy, stability, and convergence of the hybrid approach. The developed numerical framework shows significant improvements over existing methods, particularly in handling dynamic problems with substantial temperature variations.
An Extended B‐Spline‐Based Material Point Method for Contact Problems
Authors: Kakouris Emmanouil G. , Chatzis Manolis N. , Triantafyllou Savvas 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA novel Material Point Method (MPM) is introduced for addressing contact problems. In contrast to the standard multi‐velocity field approach, this method employs a penalty method to evaluate contact forces at the discretised boundaries of their respective physical domains. This enhances simulation fidelity by accurately considering the deformability of the contact surface and preventing fictitious gaps between bodies in contact. Additionally, the method utilises the Extended B‐Splines (EBSs) domain approximation, providing two key advantages. First, EBSs robustly mitigate grid cell‐crossing errors by offering continuous gradients of the basis functions on the interface between adjacent grid cells. Second, numerical integration errors are minimised, even with small physical domains in occupied grid cells. The proposed method's robustness and accuracy are evaluated through benchmarks, including comparisons with analytical solutions, other state‐of‐the‐art MPM‐based contact algorithms, and experimental observations from the literature. Notably, the method demonstrates effective mitigation of stress errors inherent in contact simulations.
An Adjoint‐Based Methodology for Sensitivity Analysis of Time‐Periodic Flows With Reduced Time Integration
Authors: Privato Tomás Sambiase , de Sá Brasil Lima João , Dolci Daiane Iglesia , Carmo Bruno Souza , Hayashi Marcelo Tanaka , Volpe Ernani Vitillo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSensitivity analysis plays a vital role in understanding the impact of control parameter variations on system output, particularly in cases where an objective functional evaluates the output's merit. The adjoint method has gained popularity due to its efficient computation, especially when dealing with a large number of control parameters and a few functionals. While the discrete form of the adjoint method is prevalent, exploring its continuous counterpart can offer valuable insights into the underlying mathematical problem, particularly in characterizing the boundary conditions. This paper presents an investigation into the continuous form of the adjoint method applied to time‐dependent viscous flows, where the time dependence is either imposed by boundary conditions or arises from the system dynamics itself. The proposed approach enables the computation of sensitivities with respect to both geometric and operational control parameters using the same adjoint solution. For time‐periodic flows, a special formulation is developed to mitigate the computational costs associated with time integration. Results demonstrate that the methodology proposed in a previous work can be successfully extended to time‐dependent flows with fixed time spans. In such applications, time‐accurate simulations of physics and adjoint fields are sufficient. However, periodic flows necessitate the application of the Leibniz Rule because the period might depend on the control parameters, which introduces additional terms to the adjoint‐based sensitivity gradient. In that case, time integration can be limited to a minimum common multiple of all appearing periods in the flow. Although the accurate estimation of such multiple poses a challenge, the approach promises significant benefits for sensitivity analysis of fully established periodic flows. It leads to substantial cuts in computational costs and avoids transient data contamination.
A Penalty‐Free SGFEM for Interface Problems With Nonhomogeneous Jump Conditions
Authors: Zhang Qinghui , Banerjee Uday 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present a stable generalized finite element method (SGFEM) to address the approximation of the discontinuous solutions of interface problems with nonhomogeneous interface conditions. We propose a set of enrichment functions based on the Heaviside and Distance functions on the patches that intersect the interface. The enrichment based on the Heaviside function is used to strongly enforce the given nonhomogeneous interface condition, that is, the jump in the solution, and only the enrichment based on the product of the Heaviside and Distance functions contributes to the degrees of freedom. Consequently, the number of degrees of freedom in this approach is the same as that is required for an interface problem with homogeneous interface conditions. The chief merit is that the proposed method totally confors and does not use conventional techniques for the nonhomogeneous interface condition in the literature, such as the penalty method or the Lagrange multiplier. Our experiments show that this method yields optimal order of convergence, its conditioning is not worse than that of the standard finite element method, and it is robust.
Preparation of Amylose‐Mimicking Polymers for the Purification of Maltose‐Binding Protein
Authors: Miyagawa Atsushi , Yamamoto Nami , Yamamura Hatsuo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMaltose‐binding protein (MBP) is used as affinity tags for purifying recombinant proteins via amylose affinity gels. However, the gel often yields a low quantity of the purified protein due to the biodegradability and low water solubility of immobilized amylose. Herein, water‐soluble, anti‐biodegradation amylose‐mimicking polymers are synthesized by polymerizing a maltose monomer with a norbornene group, then copolymerizing it with a glucose monomer and norbornene. The synthesized polymers are further modified via hydrogenation and hydroxylation to alter their properties. The binding affinities of these polymers, which are evaluated using a quartz crystal microbalance instrument, indicated their binding to MBP mimics that of amylose. Furthermore, the polymer is immobilized on an agarose gel to prepare an affinity gel for MBP, which absorbs concanavalin A and MBP before eluting them. However, only 15% of MBP is absorbed, with the majority passing through the gel. This indicates that maltose is short enough to efficiently absorb MBP. However, amylose‐mimicking polymers have higher water solubilities and are easier to handle than amylose polymers, making them expected to exhibit a higher MBP absorbability. Hence, optimizing ligand length and structure is key to improving MBP binding. Further, designs should focus on enhancing stability and binding efficiency to improve affinity purification.
Unraveling Surface Chemistry of SnO2 Through Formation of Charged Oxygen Species and Oxygen Vacancies
Authors: Shaban Tameh Maliheh , Gladfelter Wayne L. , Goodpaster Jason D. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe ability of SnO2 surfaces to adsorb and activate oxygen species is essential for designing high‐performance gas sensors and catalytic materials. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to unravel the mechanisms governing oxygen adsorption on SnO2 (110) surfaces under varying surface conditions, including reduced, defective, and stoichiometric configurations. Our findings indicate various forms of charged oxygen species on the surface. The study reveals the presence of , , and on the reduced surface and , , and on the defective and the oxidized surfaces. These charged species are directly linked to the reactivity and sensitivity of SnO2‐based materials, as they interact with oxygen vacancies to stabilize adsorption configurations and influence electronic states within the band gap. PDOS analyses highlight the electronic interactions between adsorbed oxygen species and surface tin atoms, revealing the formation of hybridized orbitals that contribute to defect states near the Fermi level. These states play an important role in determining the surface reactivity and electronic properties of the material. The interplay between oxygen adsorption and vacancy‐induced charge redistribution provides critical insights into the mechanisms driving surface reactivity and performance. By providing a detailed understanding of the electronic and energetic properties of adsorbed oxygen species, this work establishes a theoretical framework for the design and optimization of metal oxide‐based materials. The findings are particularly valuable for tailoring the properties of SnO2, In2O3, and ZnO for applications in gas sensing, catalysis, and related technologies.
The Role of Hybrid Learning in Achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Martins Flavio , Cezarino Luciana Oranges , Challco Geiser Chalco , Liboni Lara , Dermeval Diego , Bittencourt Ibsen , Paiva Ranilson , da Silva Alan , Marques Leonardo , Isotani Seiji , Bittencourt Ig Ibert 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHybrid learning combines digital learning resources with conventional education approaches to expand educational offerings. While this approach has shown promise in addressing limitations of both online and in‐person instruction, significant challenges remain in ensuring equitable access and sustainable implementation. This study examined hybrid learning's relationship with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) framework through a scoping review analyzing evidence from academic literature (n = 80) and reports from 36 global educational organizations. Our analysis identified 90 potential synergies (54%) and 45 challenges (26%) across social, economic, and environmental dimensions. The findings were analyzed under three main areas: (1) equity promotion through reduced geographical and socioeconomic barriers, (2) crisis response support during disruptions like pandemics and natural disasters, and (3) capacity building opportunities in workforce development. Based on these findings, we propose the SDG‐Hybrid Learning Alignment Framework, including a new SDG Target 4.8 (Digital‐Resilient Education) to guide hybrid learning initiatives. This framework emphasizes infrastructure standards, teaching competencies, equitable resource access, and institutional crisis continuity. Results suggest successful implementation requires integrating digital infrastructure with pedagogical approaches while considering local contexts and institutional capabilities.