bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of fibroblast proliferation by interleukin‐1 derived from human monocytic leukemia cells
Authors: Postlethwaite Arnold E. , Lachman Lawrence B. , Kang Andrew H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman interleukin‐1 (IL‐1), free of contaminating lymphokines, was isolated from cultures of purified monoblasts from a patient with acute monocytic leukemia. Partially purified IL‐1 (diafiltration, ultrafiltration, and isoelectric focusing) stimulated proliferation of subconfluent human fibroblasts in vitro. Further purification of IL‐1 by high‐resolution gel filtration‐ and anion exchange‐high performance liquid chromatography revealed that fibroblast proliferation activity could not be separated from IL‐1 activity (thymocyte proliferation), suggesting that both activities are the properties of a single molecule. Fibroblasts and thymocytes exhibited a similar sensitivity to the proliferative effects of IL‐1. These findings suggest that macrophages participating in inflammatory reactions in vivo might release IL‐1, which could function to expand fibroblast populations at sites of inflammatory reactions, by acting as a fibroblast growth factor.
The altered biomechanical state of human femoral head osteoarthritic articular cartilage
Authors: Broom Neil D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this study, the biomechanical characteristics of normal and osteoarthritic human femoral head articular cartilage are compared using both microcompression and notch propagation techniques, combined with simultaneous differential interference contrast microscopy. The latter permits examination of the process of matrix rupture occurring in a controlled manner at the notch root. The results provide new biomechanical insights into the differences between normal and osteoarthritic cartilage and draw particular attention to some areas of fundamental structural breakdown associated with the loss of load‐bearing function in this tissue.
Elevation of von willebrand factor is independent of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and persists after glucocorticoid treatment in giant cell arteritis
Authors: Federici Augusto B. , Fox Robert I. , Espinoza Luis R. , Zimmerman Theodore S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVon Willebrand factor (vWF) antigen levels were measured in 39 patients with biopsy‐proven giant cell arteritis (GCA), 16 patients with polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), 12 patients with Sjögren's syndrome, and 7 with choroiditis, as well as in 20 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Among GCA patients, 31 (group A) had clinically inactive disease and were taking low‐dose glucocorticoids for at least 1 year; their vWF levels were high even in the presence of a normalized erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). When the ESR and vWF were analyzed in another 8 GCA patients (group B) before and after treatment with glucocorticoids, vWF remained elevated even though the ESR returned to normal. Among the highest levels of vWF were those of 3 GCA patients who presented with ocular symptoms and positive temporal artery biopsies, but normal ESR. The presence of elevated vWF was not specific for GCA since elevated levels were also found in patients with PMR, Sjögren's syndrome, and choroiditis. The levels of vWF in GCA were significantly higher (P < 0.01) than in these other conditions associated with myalgias and eye symptoms. Elevation of vWF levels may help in the differential diagnosis of GCA, particularly when the ESR is normal and ocular symptoms are present.
Impaired release of a soluble natural killer cytotoxic factor in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sibbitt Wilmer L. , Mathews Paul M. , Bankhurst Arthur D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDisease states characterized by abnormalities in immune regulation often demonstrate concomitant abnormalities in cytotoxicity mediated by natural killer (NK) cells. For example, some patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have depressed NK activity despite the presence of normal numbers of effector cell:target cell conjugates. This study was designed to determine if defects in NK cell function were directly related to impaired release of a soluble cytotoxic factor. NK activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and large granular lymphocytes was measured using51Crlabeled K562 target cells in 4‐hour release assays. The SLE patients had significantly decreased NK activity relative to normal controls. However, the number of effector cell:target cell conjugates was not different in SLE patients versus control subjects. The release of a soluble natural killer cytotoxic factor (NKCF) by peripheral blood mononuclear cells was measured by cytotoxicity induced in K562 cells. NKCF was released preferentially by suspensions enriched in NK cells (large granular lymphocytes). At a 1:1 dilution, NKCF release was significantly lower in SLE patients than in controls. The release of NKCF correlated well with NK activity. Thus, this study shows that the defect in NK cell activity in SLE patients may be related to an impairment in release of a soluble cytotoxic factor with specificity for NK cell‐sensitive targets.
Trial of platelet‐inhibiting drug in scleroderma double‐blind study with dipyridamole and aspirin
Authors: Beckett Victoria L. , Conn Doyt L. , Fuster Valentin , Osmundson Philip J. , Strong Cameron G. , Chao Edmund Y. S. , Chesebro James H. , Michael O'Fallon W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a randomized, double‐blind, controlled study, 28 patients with early scleroderma received dipyridamole (225 mg/day) and aspirin (975 mg/day) or placebo for 1–2 years. No significant clinical or objective laboratory improvement was noted in either group. Platelet survival time, plasma renin activity, and coagulation tests were not predictive of disease course. Biomechanical and vascular tests of the hands correlated with clinical extent of skin induration and presence of finger ulcers, respectively.
Multiplicity of antibodies in myositis sera
Authors: Reichlin Morris , Arnett Frank C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSerologic studies on 114 patients with polymyositis and dermatomyositis revealed that 89% had either a precipitating antibody to antigens in calf thymus extract or a positive immunofluorescent reaction on HEp‐2 cells, a human tissue culture line. Previously, the greatest proportion of polymyositis sera demonstrating positive serologic results (i.e., the proportion of patients' sera forming precipitates with calf thymus extract) was reported to be 60%. Use of the HEp‐2 cell as immunofluorescent substrate enabled the detection of antibody in 89 (78%) of the sera, providing the additional probe which demonstrated specific antibody. Nuclear, cytoplasmic, and nucleolar staining are the most common patterns of immunofluorescence. The immunofluorescent patterns and individual precipitin reactions are related to each other and to the clinical syndromes in which they appear.
Arthritis confined to knee joints synovial lymphocyte responses to microbial antigens correlate with distribution of HLA
Authors: Ford Denys K. , Da Roza Doreen M. , Ward Ryk H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe responses of synovial lymphocytes to Chlamydia/Ureaplasma and to enteric antigens were studied in 31 patients with arthritis confined to knee joints, 15 patients with sexually‐transmitted Reiter's syndrome, 9 with enteric Reiter's syndrome, and 24 with rheumatoid arthritis. The frequency of HLA antigens was studied in 28 patients with knee joint arthritis; this group was characterized by elevated frequencies of HLA–A2 and DR1. A subgroup of 8 responders to Chlamydia/Ureaplasma was characterized by an increase of HLA–Bw44 and DR7 or 8, while a subgroup of 8 responders to enteric antigens was characterized by increases of HLA–A1 and DR5. The frequency of HLA–B27 in the groups responding to antigens was 25–30%, less than half the frequency in patients with Reiter's syndrome.
Characterization of the defective autologous mixed lymphocyte response in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pope Richard M. , Mcchesney Linda , Talal Norman , Fischbach Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn order to characterize the autologous mixed lymphocyte response (AMLR) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to define the relationship with disease activity, peripheral blood T lymphocytes were stimulated with either a B lymphocyte‐enriched (B cells) or a macrophage‐enriched (macrophages) population. A significant reduction (P < 0.01 to P < 0.001) of T cell proliferation stimulated both by B cells and macrophages was observed in patients with active disease. The B lymphocytes were significantly less stimulatory (P < 0.02 to P < 0.001) than macrophages in the patients compared with the controls. In the normal controls, macrophages in higher concentrations were capable of suppressing the B lymphocyte‐stimulated AMLR, but macrophages from patients with RA were not excessively suppressive. A significant association (P < 0.02) was observed between disease activity and the AMLR. Using the B‐enriched population, the AMLR proliferative response was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with the production of interleukin‐2. Defects in proliferation could only be partially restored by the addition of interleukin‐2. These data indicate that the defective AMLR observed in patients with RA is related to disease activity and is associated with altered cellular interactions among T lymphocytes, macrophages, and the B lymphocyte‐enriched population.
Dr, C4, and BF allotypes in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Arnaiz‐Villena A. , Gómez‐Reino J. J. , Gamir M. L. , Regueiro J. R. , Vicario J. L. , Góamez‐Reino F. J. , Alonso A. , Fernandez‐Dapica M. P. , Irigoyen M. V. , Mateo I. , Zea A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHLA‐DR, C4, and Bf typing was performed in 99 patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). DR1 was found with higher frequency in patients with polyarticular JRA than in controls (P < 0.05). DR3 was more common in patients with fever and/or rash than in those without these manifestations (P < 0.05). A significant negative association between JRA and C4A6 (P < 0.05), C4BQ0 (P < 0.0005), and BfF1 (P < 0.05) was found. It is possible that a disequilibrium between DR and C4/Bf genes plays a role in the pathogenesis of JRA.
Effect of oral 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D and calcium on glucocorticoid‐induced osteopenia in patients with rheumatic diseases
Authors: Dykman Thomas R. , Haralson Kathleen M. , Gluck Oscar S. , Murphy William A. , Teitelbaum Steven L. , Hahn Theodore J. , Hahn Bevra H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐three rheumatic disease patients with glucocorticoid‐induced osteopenia (defined by measurement of forearm bone mass) completed an 18‐month double‐blind, randomized study to assess the effect of oral calcium and 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25‐OH2D) or calcium and placebo on bone and mineral metabolism. Intestinal 47Ca absorption was increased (P < 0.05) and serum parathyroid hormone levels were suppressed (P < 0.01) by 1,25‐OH2D (mean dose 0.4 μg/day); however, no significant gain in forearm bone mass occurred, and bone fractures were frequent in both groups. In the 1,25‐OH2D group, histomorphometric analysis of iliac crest biopsy specimens demonstrated a decrease in osteoclasts/mm2 of trabecular bone (P < 0.05) and parameters of osteoblastic activity (P < 0.05), indicating that 1,25‐OH2D reduced both bone resorption and formation. We conclude that 1,25‐OH2D should not be used for treatment of glucocorticoid‐induced osteopenia. Since patients receiving calcium and placebo did not exhibit a loss of forearm bone mass, elemental calcium supplementation of 500 mg daily might be useful to maintain skeletal mass in patients receiving long‐term glucocorticord therapy.
Outcome assessment in clinical trials evidence for the sensitivity of a health status measure
Authors: Meenan Robert F. , Anderson Jennifer J. , Kazis Lewis E. , Egger Marlene J. , Altz‐Smith Mary , Samuelson Cecil O. , Willkens Robert F. , Solsky Marilyn A. , Hayes Stanley P. , Blocka Kenneth L. , Weinstein Arthur , Guttadauria Maria , Kaplan Stanley B. , Klippel John 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHealth status measures are conceptually relevant to the assessment of clinical outcome in the rheumatic diseases, but their ability to detect meaningful changes in health has not been clearly demonstrated. This report describes the performance of a self‐administered health status questionnaire in a randomized, double‐blind, 21‐week comparison of placebo, oral gold, and injectable gold in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Outcome was assessed by standard clinical measures, including joint count, grip strength, and laboratory tests, and by the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales, a reliable and valid health status measure that assesses physical disability, psychological status, and pain. Data from the clinical and health status measures produced highly similar conclusions: injectable and oral gold are more effective than placebo for rheumatoid arthritis, and injections are slightly more effective than oral gold. The health status measure was thus quite sensitive to clinically meaningful drug‐induced improvements. These findings provide justification for the further application of health status measures to clinical trials of chronic disease.
Fractures after rheumatoid arthritis a population‐based study
Authors: Hooyman Joseph R. , Joseph Melton L. , Nelson Audrey M. , Michael O'Fallon W. , Lawrence Riggs B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a population‐based study, the incidence of osteoporotic fractures in patients who have been diagnosed as having rheumatoid arthritis was investigated. This incidence was found to be increased, though not dramatically so: the relative risk for hip fracture, for example, was 1.5. Univariate analyses generally indicated increased risk associated with increasing age, earlier age at diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, disability, impaired ambulation, steroid use, and thinness, and decreased risk associated with obesity and estrogen use. In multivariate analyses, only aging, impaired ambulation, and thinness were identified as independent risk factors.
Increased von willebrand factor antigen in the plasma of patients with vasculitis
Authors: Nusinow Steven R. , Federici Augusto B. , Zimmerman Theodore S. , Curd John G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor antigen (vWF:Ag) were determined in 101 patients who had the following diagnoses: vasculitis 8 patients, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) 51, rheumatoid arthritis (RA) 28, asthma 7, hereditary angioedema 7. The greatest mean concentration of vWF:Ag, 469% (normal 100% ± 50), was observed in patients with vasculitis, often without elevation of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The mean concentration of vWF:Ag was also increased in both SLE (277%) and RA (194%). Twenty‐four patients (15 with SLE, 6 with vasculitis, 3 with RA) had vWF:Ag concentrations >300%. Four of these patients died within 1 year of the date of the study. Of the 15 SLE patients, 9 had vasculitis and 2 had active glomerulonephritis. The 3 RA patients had severe disease associated with extraarticular manifestations. Elevated vWF:Ag may reflect vascular damage, while markedly elevated levels of vWF:Ag appear to indicate a poor prognosis.
Characterization of T Cells bearing HLA‐DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Pincuxy Seth H. , Clegg Daniel O. , Ward John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been demonstrated that T cells bearing HLA‐DR antigens on their surface are actively involved in an immune response. In diseases of disordered immunoregulation, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are elevated numbers of circulating HLA‐DR + T cells. In this study, we examined the cellular physiology of these T cells in RA patients. Using tritiated thymidine incorporation, we found that, in most patients, HLA‐DR + cells do not account for a significant amount of spontaneous proliferation found in peripheral blood T cells. RNA hybridization studies, using a cloned HLA‐DR alpha chain gene probe, indicate that the T cells actively synthesize HLA‐DR antigens rather than passively adsorbing them. The cell surface phenotype of the HLA‐DR + T cells was analyzed using double immunofluorescence and a variety of monoclonal antibodies. The expression of T cell differentiation antigens T4, T6, T8, and T10 varied markedly from patient to patient. In some patients, a significant number of cells expressed both T4 and T8 antigens. Most HLA‐DR + cells also express antigens defined by the following antibodies: anti‐Tac (the interleukin‐2 receptor), J2 (a glycoprotein found on T cell blasts), and ILR‐1 (a class II major histocompatibility complex antigen). Activated T cells bearing HLA‐DR antigens may play a role in the development of RA. Our data demonstrate that although these cells are not lymphoblasts, they possess a distinct cell surface phenotype.
Therapeutic value of graded aerobic exercise training in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Harkcom Thomas M. , Lampman Richard M. , Banwell Barbara Figley , Castor C. William 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWomen with rheumatoid arthritis performed 1 of 3 low intensity aerobic exercise protocols (15, 25, and 35 minutes) 3 times per week for 12 weeks. A nontraining group served as controls. All exercise groups improved their aerobic capacity, exercise time, and joint counts. Subjects described improvement in activities of daily living and reduced joint pain and fatigue. Exercise duration up to 35 minutes can be therapeutic, and as little as 15 minutes of exercise 3 times/week is sufficient to improve aerobic capacity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with severe limitations.
Spondylitic disease without radiologic evidence of sacroiliitis in relatives of HLA‐B27 positive ankylosing spondylitis patients
Authors: Khan Muhammad A. , van Der Linden Sjef M. , Kushner Irving , Valkenburg Hans A. , Cats Arnold 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report 2 independently‐conducted family studies of HLA‐B27 positive probands with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), both of which support the view that the clinical spectrum of AS is broader than ordinarily assumed, and should include individuals who have symptomatic disease but who do not show radiologic evidence of abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints or the spine. In the Cleveland study of 100 relatives of 30 B27 positive AS probands, 9 relatives did not show radiologic abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints or the spine but had symptoms of chronic inflammatory back pain previously reported to be characteristic of AS. These 9 relatives were all subsequently found to possess B27, in contrast with only 27 of 60 asymptomatic relatives (P < 0.01). In the Leiden study of 101 relatives of 20 randomly chosen B27 positive AS probands, 13 of 86 relatives without radiographic evidence of sacroiliitis reported “thoracic pain and stiffness,” as defined in the Rome criteria for AS. Twelve of these 13 symptomatic relatives were B27 positive. In contrast, among the remaining 73 relatives, only 33 were B27 positive (P < 0.01). The occurrence of these characteristic spondylitic symptoms in B27 positive, but not B27 negative, relatives of AS probands suggests that the spectrum of the clinical manifestations of AS may include individuals with symptomatic disease, but without radiographic evidence of abnormalities of the sacroiliac joints or the spine. The relatively large number of females we found in this group suggests that women are more likely to manifest this variety of disease than are men.
Surface antigen specificity of cold‐reactive IgM antilymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yamada Akira , Shaw Melody , Winfield John B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMonoclonal antibodies to known surface antigens on B cells and on resting and activated T cells of various types were used in several approaches to examine the specificity of IgM antilymphocyte antibodies in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Surface determinants that were sought included: T3, T11, Leu‐1, Leu‐8 (pan‐T); T4, T8 (T subset); β2‐microglobulin (β2m); L243, Leu‐10 (DR and DS/DC framework, respectively); anti‐Tac (interleukin‐2 receptor); 5E9 (transferrin receptor); and 4F2, AA1 (other activation antigens). The first strategy was based on inhibition of rosette formation between mouse monoclonal antibody‐coated targets and antimouse IgG‐coated erythrocytes by SLE sera, either directly at 4°C or after modulation of IgM antilymphocyte antibody‐reactive target cell antigen at 37°C. Significant rosette inhibition, defined as > 2 standard deviations from the mean value for 10 control sera, was seen only for β2m (13 of 20 SLE sera were positive; inhibition = 15–58%). Next, relative fluorescence intensity of lymphocyte staining by monoclonal antibodies was assessed by flow microfluorometry after preincubation of cells with SLE serum at 4°C or after modulation of SLE antibody‐reactive antigen. Modulation markedly reduced or eliminated SLE antilymphocyte antibody IgM staining. Except for β2m, neither cold nor warm temperature preincubations altered the relative fluorescence intensity for the known surface antigens. These data confirm anti‐β2m as a common antibody specificity in SLE and suggest that antilymphocyte antibodies in this disorder are not directed to Ia or to certain other defined lymphocyte antigens of functional interest.
Lupus pregnancy. II. Unusual pattern of hypocomplementemia and thrombocytopenia in the pregnant patient
Authors: Lockshin Michael D. , Harpel Peter C. , Druzin Maurice L. , Becker Carl G. , Klein Renate F. , Watson Rosemarie M. , Elkon Keith B. , Reinitz Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo explore the causes of complications in pregnant women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we prospectively evaluated 34 pregnancies in 28 SLE patients, and 2 additional pregnancies in patients with lupus anticoagulant and positive antinuclear antibody, but no other manifestations of SLE. Nineteen pregnancies (55%) were complicated by marked proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, and/or lupus anticoagulant. Hypocomplementemia occurred in 18 pregnancies (52%). Neither thrombocytopenia‐anticoagulant nor proteinuria was accompanied by an increase in antibody to double‐stranded DNA or by clinical signs of active SLE. Antibody to Ro antigen did not predict fetal death. Both thrombocytopenia and proteinuria appeared abruptly during pregnancy and disappeared quickly after delivery. Fetal death was the result in 7 of 9 (77%) pregnancies in patients with anticoagulant, 6 of 10 (60%) in patients with thrombocytopenia, 6 of 18 (33%) in patients with hypocomplementemia, and 3 of 11 (27%) in patients with proteinuria. Twenty of 29 (68%) children were identified as male. The pathogenesis of hypocomplementemia was evaluated by a new assay, C1s‐C1 inhibitor complex, which is thought to measure rate of complement activation by the classical pathway. Most pregnant patients with low CH50 levels and proteinuria had normal levels of C1s‐C1 inhibitor complex, whereas nonpregnant patients with equivalent proteinuria and hypocomplementemia had high levels, as did pregnant patients with hypocomplementemia who did not have SLE. Pregnant and nonpregnant hypocomplementemic patients with proteinuria had similar levels of C3 and C4. In pregnant patients with SLE, C1s‐C1 inhibitor complex was independent of CH50; in nonpregnant patients a linear relationship between C1s‐C1 inhibitor complex and CH50 was seen. We conclude that hypocomplementemia and probably thrombocytopenia (with anticoagulant) occur via different mechanisms in pregnant and nonpregnant patients with SLE.