bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thermodynamic Properties and Phase Diagram for the System MoO2–TiO2
Authors: Jacob K. Thomas , Shekhar Chander , Waseda Yoshio 
Published: February 2008

The activity of molybdenum dioxide (MoO2) in the MoO2–TiO2 solid solutions was measured at 1600 K using a solid‐state cell incorporating yttria‐doped thoria as the electrolyte. For two compositions, the emf was also measured as a function of temperature. The cell was designed such that the emf is directly related to the activity of MoO2 in the solid solution. The results show monotonic variation of activity with composition, suggesting a complete range of solid solutions between the end members and the occurrence of MoO2 with a tetragonal structure at 1600 K. A large positive deviation from Raoult's law was found. Excess Gibbs energy of mixing is an asymmetric function of composition and can be represented by the subregular solution model of Hardy as follows

image
The temperature dependence of the emf for two compositions is reasonably consistent with ideal entropy of mixing. A miscibility gap is indicated at a lower temperature with the critical point characterized by Tc (K)=1560 and
. Recent studies indicate that MoO2 undergoes a transition from a monoclinic to tetragonal structure at 1533 K with a transition entropy of 9.91 J·(mol·K)−1. The solid solubility of TiO2 with rutile structure in MoO2 with a monoclinic structure is negligible. These features give rise to a eutectoid reaction at 1412 K. The topology of the computed phase diagram differs significantly from that suggested by Pejryd.
Efficacy of two alcohol‐free cetylpyridinium chloride mouthwashes – a randomized double‐blind crossover study
Authors: Rawlinson Andrew , Pollington Sarah , Walsh Trevor F. , Lamb David J. , Marlow Ian , Haywood Julia , Wright Philip 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim: (1) To determine the plaque inhibition properties of two formulations of alcohol‐free mouthwash [0.1% w/w cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (B) and 0.05% w/w CPC (A)] versus a placebo mouthwash (C). (2) To compare the plaque‐inhibiting activity between these two new CPC mouthwashes.Material and Methods: A double‐blind, crossover study with three 1‐week periods was used. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the following groups. Group 1 (n=10) received the mouthwashes A, C and B in the periods 1, 2 and 3, respectively, group 2 (n=11) received the mouthwashes in the order B, A, C, while group 3 (n=11) received the mouthwashes in the order C, B, A.Mean plaque areas and Quigley & Hein plaque index scores were analysed using anova (analysis of variance). Measurements were made at the start of each period (baseline) and at 16, 24 and 40 h.Results: Mean plaque scores were similar across the groups at baseline. At all time points thereafter, volunteers using mouthwash A or B had significantly lower plaque areas and plaque index scores than those using mouthwash C (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the test formulations. At 16 h, the reduction in plaque area relative to mouthwash C was 22% for mouthwash A and 18% for mouthwash B; at 24 h, 11% for mouthwash A and 15% for mouthwash B; and at 40 h, 15% for mouthwash A and 16% for mouthwash B.Conclusions: The use of both CPC mouthwashes resulted in less plaque accumulation compared with the control. There was no statistically significant difference in plaque accumulation between the two CPC mouthwashes.
Human leukocyte antigen polymorphism in chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Caucasians: a meta‐analysis
Authors: Stein Jamal M. , Machulla Helmut K. G. , Smeets Ralf , Lampert Friedrich , Reichert Stefan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim: Multiple studies have reported associations between periodontitis and particular human leukocyte antigens (HLA). Because associations are inconsistent, we conducted a systematic literature review and a meta‐analysis focusing on Caucasian case–control studies.Material and Methods: A literature search reporting on the distribution of HLA class I and II phenotypes in Caucasian patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AP) was performed. Data sources included electronic databases and bibliographies of published articles. Screening and data abstraction were conducted independently by different reviewers.Results: Out of 174 publications, 12 studies were considered to be suitable for meta‐analysis. In patients with CP, no significant HLA associations were found. Patients with AP showed a positive association with HLA‐A9 [odds ratio=2.59 (95% confidence interval 1.36–4.83), p=0.004] and HLA‐B15 [1.90 (1.15–3.16), p=0.01] as well as a negative association with HLA‐A2 [0.72 (0.56–0.94), p=0.01] and ‐B5 [0.49 (0.30–0.79), p=0.004]. On grouping all patients into one periodontitis group (AP+CP), the same deviations were confirmed with higher statistical significance. For HLA‐A9 and ‐B15, significant heterogeneity was found between the studies. No significant associations were found with HLA class II antigens.Conclusions: HLA‐A9 and ‐B15 seem to represent susceptibility factors for AP whereas HLA‐A2 and ‐B5 are potential protective factors against periodontitis among Caucasians.
Comparative effect of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and clobetasol 0.05% ointment in patients with oral lichen planus
Authors: Corrocher Giovanni , Di Lorenzo Gabriele , Martinelli Nicola , Mansueto Pasquale , Biasi Domenico , Nocini Pier Francesco , Lombardo Giorgio , Fior Andrea , Corrocher Roberto , Bambara Lisa Maria , Gelio Stefano , Pacor Maria Luisa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is considered to be an autoimmune disease of unknown aetiology that affects the mucosae, especially the oral cavity.Objective: We compared tacrolimus 0.1% ointment and clobetasol 0.05% ointment for the treatment of OLP.Patients and Methods: A total of 32 patients (20 females and 12 males; all white, Italian origin, mean age of 43.6±18.4 years; 16 patients per treatment group) were treated with tacrolimus or clobetasol ointment for 4 weeks in a randomized, double‐blind, clinical trial. Pain severity, burning sensation, and mucosal lesion extension were assessed using a four‐point scale.Results: At the end of the treatment period, symptom scores were significantly lower in the tacrolimus group than in the clobetasol group.Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that tacrolimus 0.1% ointment is more effective than clobetasol propionate 0.05% ointment in the treatment of OLP. However, other studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of this treatment before it can be recommended for use in clinical practice.
Improved wound healing by low‐level laser irradiation after gingivectomy operations: a controlled clinical pilot study
Authors: Ozcelik Onur , Cenk Haytac Mehmet , Kunin Anatoly , Seydaoglu Gulsah 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim: Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) may induce morphological, molecular and cellular processes, which are involved in wound healing. The aim of this split‐mouth controlled clinical trial was to assess the effects of LLLT on healing of gingiva after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty.Material and Methods: Twenty patients with inflammatory gingival hyperplasias on their symmetrical teeth were included in this study. After gingivectomy and gingivoplasty, a diode laser (588 nm) was randomly applied to one side of the operation area for 7 days. The surgical areas were disclosed by a solution (Mira‐2‐tones) to visualize the areas in which the epithelium is absent. Comparison of the surface areas on the LLLT‐applied sites and controls were made with an image‐analysing software.Results: Despite the prolonged time needed for application, patients have tolerated LLLT well. While there were no statistically significant differences between the stained surface areas of the LLLT applied and the control sites immediately after the surgery, LLLT‐applied sites had significantly lower stained areas compared with the controls on the post‐operative third, seventh and 15th day (p<0.001 for each).Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, the results indicated that LLLT may enhance epithelization and improve wound healing after gingivectomy and gingivoplasty operations.
UK national curriculum for undergraduate oral surgery subgroup for teaching of the Association of British Academic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons*
Authors: Macluskey M. , Durham J. , Cowan G. , Cowpe J. , Evans A. , Freeman C. , Jephcott A. , Jones J. , Millsopp L. , Oliver R. , Renton T. , Ryan D. , Sivarajasingham V. , Still D. , Taylor K. , Thomson P. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis article describes a curriculum in oral surgery for undergraduate dental education in the United Kingdom prepared by the Education Subgroup of The British Academic Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. This group is made up of representatives from each of the 13 UK Dental Schools, one Irish Dental School and one Post‐graduate Institute. The document represents a group consensus of an undergraduate UK oral surgery curriculum that is founded on the frameworks outlined by the General Dental Council, the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education and the Association for Dental Education in Europe. Our curriculum document is more prescriptive than the information available in the aforementioned documents. It is based on UK undergraduate oral surgery experience and thus attempts to set achievable core competencies and, in a few areas, challenges the available curriculum and related documentation.
Preparing for the dental team: investigating the views of dental and dental care professional students
Authors: Morison Susan , Marley John , Stevenson Mike , Milner Sharon 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThere is growing evidence to support the contention that interprofessional education (IPE) at both pre and post‐qualification levels will improve professionals’ abilities to work more effectively in a team and to communicate more effectively with colleagues and patients. This body of evidence, however, is primarily concerned with nursing, medical and associated professionals and students, and there are few studies that include dental students and particularly where learning occurs with the dental care professions (DCP). The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of dental and DCP students to IPE and to highlight some of the barriers to developing programmes for these students. It was also intended to examine the students’ awareness of dental and DCP roles and responsibilities. Two questionnaires, the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) and a dental roles and responsibilities questionnaire, were distributed to all 5 years of dental students (n = 189) based at Queen’s University Belfast (QUB), both years of the dental hygiene students (n = 8) also based at QUB, as well as to final year dental nursing students based at Belfast Institute of Further and Higher Education (BIFHE) (n = 64). The results indicated that dental and DCP students had a positive attitude to IPE as a means to improve teamwork and communication skills but there are potential obstacles as demonstrated by the differing perceptions of each of the three groups about the roles of the other. Some aspects of practice, involving personal care and advice to patients, were regarded by all groups as a shared role but the dental hygiene students regarded themselves as having a shared role in several tasks identified by dental and dental nurse students as the sole role of the dentist. Dental hygiene students in this study did not see their role as primarily to support the dentist but more as a partner in care. Professional identity and its development are issues that must be considered by dental and DCP educators developing IPE initiatives.
Comparative study on interactive computer‐aided‐learning and computer‐aided‐testing in patient‐based dental training in maxillofacial surgery
Authors: Eitner Stephan , Holst Stefan , Wichmann Manfred , Karl Matthias , Nkenke Emeka , Schlegel Andreas 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAim:  The objective of this comparative study was to validate, through empirical data, the use of interactive, problem‐oriented computer‐aided‐learning (CAL) and computer‐aided‐testing (CAT) in dental studies by directly comparing these methods with conventional teaching.Method:  A total of 95 students from the third and fourth clinical semesters participated in an interdisciplinary seminar on oral maxillofacial implantology; 47 of these were taught using conventional teaching methods, while the remaining 48 students were taught using mobiTED, a CAL/CAT‐based interactive communication system that can be used patient‐ and problem‐oriented. An examination was given at the end of the course to evaluate student learning. A student’s interest/attentiveness, involvement, knowledge gain, and the course attractiveness and quality were evaluated with visual analogue scales (VAS) in a subjective experience protocol.Results:  The study group taught using the CAL/CAT‐based interactive communication system showed statistically significant better results in the examination, with a median score of 89.2%, while the conventional teaching study group achieved a median score of 76.0%. A VAS‐based analysis of subjective experiences also revealed statistically significant differences between the two study groups.Conclusion:  Use of the CAL/CAT system for interactive, problem‐oriented learning in patient‐based dental training led to increased levels of attentiveness, of student acceptance and of the perceived attractiveness of the seminar. CAL/CAT‐mediated instruction also led to increased communication, with a subsequent improvement in the qualitative and quantitative parameters of knowledge transfer and cognitive knowledge assimilation. Use of CAL/CAT also facilitated the acquisition, appraisal, and understanding of complex medical data.
A case of suspected contact dermatitis in a juvenile cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Authors: Morris Joanne , Etheridge Marcia 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground  A 2‐year‐old male cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) presented with vesicular dermatitis exhibiting freshly ruptured blisters, crusts, and papules on the extremities and face.Methods  Complete blood count, serum chemistry, skin biopsy, skin scrape, and culture of a fresh blister were initially submitted for diagnostics.Results  Skin biopsy of the affected area revealed a non‐suppurative eosinophilic dermatitis with mild thickening of the epidermis. Serum chemistry showed a marked eosinophilia (1.74 × 103/μl, 17.4%). All other results were within normal limits. Initial differentials included contact dermatitis, immune‐mediated disease such as pemphigus or psoriasis. Repeated blood work and skin biopsies were collected as well as serum for allergen‐specific IgE latex and food allergy testing. Herpes B virus was added to the differential list after an oral lesion was noted upon repeated physical examination and samples were collected for testing. Repeat blood work maintained a marked eosinophilia and food allergy testing was within normal limits. Serum IgE for latex was equivocal and a follow‐up latex sensitivity test was performed and was within normal limits. Repeated skin biopsies were consistent with acute eosinophilic spongiotic dermatitis with vesicles most likely due to contact dermatitis. No therapy was initiated during the diagnostic period and no etiology was confirmed.Conclusions  Over time the dermatitis and eosinophilia resolved spontaneously. The animal is currently free of any lesions and maintains an eosinophil count within normal limits.
Relationship of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and proteinuria to cardiomyopathy in the owl monkey (Aotus vociferans)
Authors: Gozalo Alfonso S. , Chavera Alfonso , Montoya Enrique J. , Takano Juan , Weller Richard E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground  The purpose of this study was to determine serum reference values for creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in captive‐born and wild‐caught owl monkeys to assess their usefulness for diagnosing myocardial disease.Methods  Blood samples were collected for CK, AST and LDH determinations. In addition, urine samples were collected and semiquantitative tests performed.Results  There was no statistically significant difference between CK, AST and LDH when comparing both groups. However, when comparing monkeys with proteinuria to those without proteinuria, a statistically significant difference in CK value was observed (P = 0.021). In addition the CK/AST ratio revealed that 29% of the animals included in this study had values suggesting cardiac infarction. Grossly, cardiac concentric hypertrophy of the left ventricle and small, pitted kidneys were the most common findings. Microscopically, myocardial fibrosis, contraction band necrosis, hypertrophy and hyperplasia of coronary arteries, medium‐sized renal arteries and afferent glomerular arteriolae were the most significant lesions, along with increased mesangial matrix and hypercellularity of glomeruli, Bowman's capsule and peritubular space fibroplasia.Conclusions  These findings suggest that CK, AST and LDH along with urinalysis provide a reliable method for diagnosing cardiomyopathies in the owl monkey. In addition, CK/AST ratio, proteinuria and the observed histological and ultrastructural changes suggest that Aotus vociferans suffer from arterial hypertension and chronic myocardial infarction.
Spontaneous pancreatic islet cell tumor in a black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis)
Authors: Hobson David J. , Turner Patricia V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA 12‐year‐old, male black and white colobus monkey (Colobus guereza kikuyuensis) from a small community zoo presented with a 6‐month history of mild, slowly progressive ataxia and paresis culminating in an acute episode of recumbency, depression, and seizures. The animal was humanely euthanatized. Gross post‐mortem examination revealed significant abnormalities including diffuse pallor of the carcass and a firm, pale, 8‐cm diameter mass, adherent to the serosa of the proximal duodenum and colon, and embedded within the pancreas and mesenteric root. Histologically, the mass had characteristics of a neuroendocrine or endocrine tumor. Immunohistochemical stains for chromogranin, synaptophysin, insulin, and glucagon were positive, confirming the diagnosis of a mixed pancreatic islet cell tumor. These tumors are rare in all species except ferrets and unreported previously in colobus monkeys.
Immunological concepts in tuberculosis diagnostics for non‐human primates: a review
Authors: Lin Philana Ling , Yee JoAnn , Klein Edwin , Lerche Nicholas W. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAccurate diagnosis of tuberculosis in non‐human primates is of critical importance. As with natural human infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, infected primates develop a broad spectrum of disease, including subclinical (latent) infection, chronic primary tuberculosis, rapidly progressing fulminant disease, and reactivation tuberculosis. In a primate colony, clinical suspicion is the key to diagnosis. The course of action should be based on careful and thorough clinical assessments in conjunction with screening and microbiologic methods. Diagnostic modalities can be categorized into pathogen identification and immunologic host response techniques. While the classic tuberculin skin test is the standard screening tool, it has limited sensitivity and specificity. Other tools such as interferon gamma releasing assays have similar accuracy results but use different immunologic mechanisms and may be helpful as an additional screening tool. Advantages and disadvantages to these and other assays (e.g., lymphocyte proliferation assay, antibody detection) are also discussed. Surrogates to sputum sample (e.g., gastric aspirate, stool samples, respiratory sample via bronchoscopy) should be obtained for microbiologic identification, as acid‐fast smear and culture are critical to pathogen identification for optimal sensitivity and specificity. Interpretation of these immunologic screening tools should be performed cautiously and must be correlated with level of suspicion. While the identification of M. tuberculosis or M. bovis confirms the diagnosis of tuberculosis, negative results do not exclude the diagnosis. Without pathogen detection to confirm diagnosis, thorough gross and microscopic pathological review at necropsy may be required to make a definitive diagnosis. Lastly, the risk and benefits to the primate colony, staff and resources must be carefully weighed when deciding to euthanize monkeys to make the diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Multiple ophthalmic abnormalities in an infant rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta)
Authors: Ribka Erin P. , Dubielzig Richard R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground  A 4.5‐month‐old male colony‐bred Indian rhesus macaque was presented for presumed trauma to the right eye. The globe was centrally distended 5 mm, with apparent hyphema and moderate to severe corneal edema. Surgical enucleation was performed. The initial histopathology report concluded chronic keratitis. Nearly 3 years later, a diagnosis of goniodysgenesis was made. The eye was sent to a veterinary ocular pathologist for definitive diagnosis.Conclusions  Final conclusions were anterior segment and corneal defects. Based on the retinal pathology and optic nerve pathology, there was evidence of optic nerve atrophy, a recently described condition in macaques.
Lethargy, ulcers, bronchopneumonia and death in two aged female bonnet macaques presumed to be caused by Cercopithicine herpes virus I
Authors: Scharf Bruce A. , Wan Cho‐Hua , Bluth Martin , Eberle Richard , Videan Elaine N. , Smith Eric , Coplan Jeremy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractOver the course of 4 weeks, two female aged bonnet macaque (Macaca radiata) group‐housed females died after the dominant male was removed from the group and the newly dominant male persistently chased, caught and bred all females in the pen. The two aged affected females were observed exhibiting lethargy, dyspnea, with widespread necroulcerative lesions in and around the mouth, muzzle and bridge of their noses. Extensive ulcerative glossitis, necrotic bronchopneumonia with intra‐nuclear inclusions and the absence of other evidence is highly suggestive that death was caused by an alphaherpes virus commonly known as herpes B virus. Herpes B virus is a potentially zoonotic disease periodically shed by macaques, which is structurally related to herpes simplex viruses I and II of humans. The emergence of fatal B virus to primates in this pen may have been associated with the combination of age and stress in the affected individuals.
Reversible medetomidine/ketamine anesthesia in captive capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella)
Authors: Theriault Betty R. , Reed David A. , Niekrasz Marek A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackground  Medetomidine, an α2‐adrenergic receptor agonist administered with ketamine, induces sedation/anesthesia in non‐human primates in a dose‐dependent, species‐specific manner.Methods  Two adult male capuchin monkeys enrolled in a study of kinematics of mastication were administered intramuscular (IM) injections of 150, 200 and 400 μg/kg medetomidine or medetomidine (μg/kg)/ketamine (mg/kg) at 200/2, 150/4. Medetomidine was reversed with atipamezole. Animals were then fed for 9–75 minutes. A second anesthesia reversal episode allowed return to home cage.Results  Medetomidine (150 μg/kg)/ketamine (4 mg/kg) provided anesthesia for handling and restraint within 10 minutes of administration. Atipamezole (750 μg/kg) IM provided reversal sufficient for the animal to eat by 22 minutes or perch by 31 minutes.Conclusions  Medetomidine/ketamine administered IM in Cebus apella results in rapid, reproducible and safe anesthesia which is reversible with atipamezole. Nausea, vomiting or regurgitation were not observed during anesthesia reversal episodes in either the fasted or fed state.