bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeatedly Increased Efficiency and Success Rate from a New Solids-Cleanout Process Using Coiled Tubing: A Review of Recent Achievements from Over 100 Operations
Authors: Sach M. , Li J. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Solids-cleanouts using Coiled Tubing (CT) remain a major part of total activity in the CT industry. Due to the multitude of parameters that influence solids-transport, it can be very challenging to design and successfully execute solids-cleanouts with CT in highly deviated, larger wellbores with e.g. 7″ production tubing, or even larger tubulars installed.
Numerous papers have been written about the development of wiper trip cleanout technology and associated engineering design tools, but this paper is instead focused on important practical issues that directly impact the effective implementation of wiper trip technology in the field. This paper presents the results and lessons learned based on a database, which was compiled from more than 100 solids-cleanout operations using "wiper trip" methodologies. Results will be presented showing how the wiper trip cleanout methodology has improved cleanout efficiency and success rate. Examples are presented showing how the effectiveness of cleanout-bottom hole assemblies (BHA's) involving positive displacement motors (PDMs) and mills has been improved, while simultaneously reducing stress on surface equipment during the operation. Circulation rates higher than specified maximum rates for the PDM are being used without danger of damaging the PDM while reducing the total volume pumped through the PDM during the cleanout by 80-90%. Larger outer diameter (OD) items in the BHA are kept clean of solids while wiper tripping, reducing the risk of stuck CT and protecting sensitive completion components from undesirable interactions with the PDM/mill-BHA. Multiple wiper trips can be performed in one run without the use of drop balls, while having the ability of using selected functions of critical BHA components and full-size drifting of the wellbore for subsequent operations. Field proven procedures are explained, allowing solids-loading in the annulus to be controlled and reduced when necessary, as well as estimates of solids-volumes during the cleanout to be established, based on feedback from the cleanout BHA before any solids have actually reached surface.
From Test Tube to Value Generator: Effective Use of Experimental Design for Uncertainty Analysis and Development Concept Optimisation
Authors: Kloosterman H. J. , Herring T. R. , Tull S. J. , van der Lee J. W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExperimental Design has been used to screen a wide range of potential development options available for an oil rim reservoir, to examine the effect on the development of dependencies between surface and subsurface parameters, and to test the robustness of the optimised project against subsurface uncertainty. The ED algorithm used in this study enabled parameter screening and the parameter interactions to be performed in one step. Development screening was carried out by a process of eliminating options which impacted negatively on recovery and NPV. The interaction between surface and subsurface parameters was assessed and confirmed the robustness of the selected development. Final optimisation of the chosen development was carried out deterministically. Screening of the optimised development against subsurface uncertainty was used to derive a range of production forecasts, to guide the phasing of the development, and to formulate data gathering and appraisal plans.
eDrilling: A System for Real-Time Drilling Simulation, 3D Visualization, and Control
Authors: Rommetveit Rolv , Bjørkevoll Knut S. , Halsey George W. , Fjær Erling , Ødegård Sven Inge , Herbert Mike , Sandve Ove , Larsen Bjarne 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
eDrilling is a new and innovative system for real time drilling simulation, 3D visualization and control from a remote drilling expert centre. The concept uses all available real time drilling data (surface and downhole) in combination with real time modelling to monitor and optimize the drilling process. This information is used to visualize the wellbore in 3D in real time. The system is composed of the following elements, some of which are unique and ground-breaking: An advanced and fast Integrated Drilling Simulator which is capable to model the different drilling sub-processes dynamically, and also the interaction between these sub-processes in real time. The Integrated Drilling Simulator is used for automatic forward-looking during drilling, and can be used for what-if evaluations as well.Automatic quality check and corrections of drilling data; making them suitable for processing by computer models.Real time supervision methodology for the drilling process using time based drilling data as well as drilling models / the integrated drilling simulator.Methodology for diagnosis of the drilling state and conditions. This is obtained from comparing model predictions with measured data.Advisory technology for more optimal drilling.A Virtual Wellbore, with advanced visualization of the downhole process. A new generation visualization system designed to integrate all participants involved, will enable enhanced collaboration of all drilling and well activities in a global environment.Data flow and computer infrastructure.
The combination of the various elements will make e-Drilling very attractive to the new people coming into the industry; the "game boy generation".
e-Drilling has been implemented in an Onshore Drilling Center in Norway. This paper will present the e-Drilling system as well as experiences from its use.
Successful Application of Underbalanced Coiled-Tubing Drilling in Horizontal Short-Radius Re-Entry Well in Hassi Messaoud, Algeria
Authors: Ben Amor Bachir , Ferhat Ali , Qutob Hani , Chopty James , Arnone Maurizio , Schoch Fritz , Barakat Naiem , Khan Rashid , Stulberg Michael , Messas Rafik 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Hassi Messaoud field (Figure 1), discovered in 1956, is the largest oil field in Algeria, covering about 2000 Km2 and currently including over 1000 Wells. The field is divided aerially into 25 zones that are separated from each other by low permeability barriers, usually faults. The Cambrian Reservoir is subdivided into four lithological zones designated from base to top as R3, R2, Ra and Ri. The Ra sub reservoir shows the best petrophysical properties with a maximum thickness of 150 m in the western part of the field. The Ra is farther subdivided into five subzones: D1, ID, D2, D3, and D4 based on reservoir properties and depositional conditions.
Well MD-330 was the 4th re-entry well in the Sonatrach campaign. A total of 330 m from landing point were successfully drilled in a continuous underbalanced condition inside D4. As a result, the well productivity was significantly improved, compared with offset wells, due to one of the positive impacts of UBD operations, namely that of the elimination of formation damage.
The combination of Underbalanced and Coiled Tubing Drilling technologies has been proven to be a viable solution to successfully drill horizontal re-entry wells in mature fields where the reservoir pressure is adequate to induce underbalanced conditions using a single phase drilling fluid.
The experience in this field has validated the benefits of the combination of these technologies and has been attributed to the excellent balance between drilling cost and improved productivity. For example, the drilling cost in the short radius re-entry wells drilled with coiled tubing are highly reduced due to the elimination of pipe connection procedures, the increase in rate of penetration, the prevention of conventional drilling problems such as fluid circulation loses and related differential sticking events, the increase in the bit life and reduction in time and drilled distance to reach the production zone.
This paper describes the technical basis for the design and implementation of the Coiled Tubing Underbalanced Drilling project in Hassi Messaoud and highlights the operational key factors and challenges faced during this successful application in Algeria.
Computational Geometry as An Aid to Data Analysis of Drilling Data
Authors: Knudsen Steven D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As the amount of real time data collected during drilling continues to rise, sophisticated methods for analyzing and displaying data are needed to make sense out of large volumes of data. This paper describes a novel use of the concepts of computational geometry to analyze and display data from a downhole drilling data tool.
The use of a mathematical transformation called a convex hull allows one to create a boundary around a set (cloud) of data points. This is most easily visualized in two dimensions as putting a rubber band around the set of points. Imagine that the rubber band is such that it will be tightly stretched when it is around all the points, so that certain points in the data cloud dictate the resulting outline. A convex hull software routine, the best known of which is the"qhull" program from the University of Minnesota, fits line segments around a cloud of points in up to nine dimensions. Utilizing the convex hull output one can calculate the volume in 3-D or area in 2-D described by data clouds. The result is used as an indicator of bit and drill string behavior.
Applying Downhole Real-Time Data and Composite IPR Technology To Optimize Production of Multiple-Zone Intelligent Wells
Authors: Konopczynski Michael , Ajayi Arashi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The application of intelligent well technology has greatly increased, however, integrating real-time data into a reservoir management work flow, and accurately predicting the hydrocarbon delivery to meet optimization requirement is still an elusive task. This paper presents a single intelligent well optimization strategy and composite IPR technology to fill this gap. By referencing individual zone production to one nodal reference point, a general model was developed to combine the fluid flow from individual zones. The model integrates each individual zone's IPR with the production constraint equipment's flow performance to generate composite IPR's corresponding to the relative ICV choke setting. By integrating this composite-IPR with tubing flow performance, the hydrocarbon deliverability of the intelligent well and production fluid allocation of each zone can be reasonably predicted. Furthermore, to convert the real-time monitoring data into tangible value, this paper has proposed a two intelligent well optimization strategies. By combining the gauge data with a real-time flow distribution model, the production allocations of individual zones can be predicted. The composite IPRs provide operators reliable data to accurately predict the hydrocarbon delivery of the well and enable them to make decisions to meet optimization requirements.
Assuming a hypothetical two-zone intelligent well case, a computer model was developed to demonstrate this composite IPR method. This work provides engineers with a reliable tool for designing, analyzing and optimizing the production and downhole ICV operations of the multiple zone intelligent production well.
Learning To Trust Your Data: Real-Time Quality Integration for G&G Professionals
Authors: Gregory P. W. , Schneider S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Software advances in recent years have changed the way Exploration & Production (E & P) companies utilize and manage geotechnical data. Contemporary geoscience interpretation applications are "data hungry" and able to consume more types of data from diverse sources at a higher rate of speed. Because of the variability of data, technology, data capture methods and data accuracy levels collected over the extensive operating history of a Well's life cycle, the challenge in the E & P industry remains how can you trust the data that you depend upon daily? The more important question might be "how can you NOT trust the data" upon which multi-million dollar drilling decisions are being made on a regular basis? This paper describes how the application of contemporary software technology can improve the decision-making process by adding a dimension of confidence through data quality as data is moved between various geoscience applications and corporate databases.
Right Bit, Right Application, Right Time: Case Studies of Enhanced Bit Design Process
Authors: Yoosuf Sajad , Goebel Tom 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Properly matching drill bit design to target formation in order to achieve desired performance has always been a challenge. Due to the recent steep rise in drilling activity, the time available to plan, evaluate, conceptualize, design and test bit designs has been cut short drastically.
This paper describes application-specific design solutions that enable rapid optimization of detailed aspects of drill bit design. Specifically, the focus is on a method of customizing or "matching" drill-bit-to-specific-application based on operator requirements, formation to be drilled, drilling parameters and rig capabilities.
In hard-to-drill Mid Continent applications, this simple but engineered and proven process expedited selection of the right bit at the right time for the right application. Eliminating unnecessary lines of communication and moving bit design closer to the customer interface – or to the rig itself -- the process streamlined product development and manufacturing by incorporating "first-hand" customer input into the bit design function.
Central to the process are a number of advanced design tools that enable application-specific design solutions to optimize detailed aspects of the bit design, such as precise cutter arrangement and placement, as well as force-, volume-and energy-balancing.
As summarized in three case histories, application of this bit design/selection process significantly improved customization of optimum bit designs for the US Mid Continent, where increasing target depths and more complex well profiles in hard-to-drill formations rendered use of "generic" tools less than optimal.
Well Management Under Uncertain Gas/ or Water/Oil Ratios
Authors: Bieker H. P. , Slupphaug O. , Johansen T. A. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In the daily operation of an oil production system, it is often required to choke back some of the oil production wells to ensure that the processing capacity is not over-utilized. When the capacity of some processing resource is over-utilized, wells having large ratios between the consumption of the resource and the oil production rate are choked back. When there is free processing capacity, the chokes of the wells having small ratios are opened. Often, the gas or water oil ratios (derived from the water cuts) are used as such ratios. These ratios are uncertain. This paper proposes to use information about the uncertainties of the gas or water oil ratios to find the order of opening and closing the wells to maximize the expected total oil production rate from the wells. In a computational study based on field data, it is found that the order may be different from the one found using the expected value of the gas or water oil ratios and that the expected total oil production rate was increased by 10.1 % for this particular case.
Uncertainty Assessment on Well-Performance Prediction for an Oil Producer Equipped With Selected Completions
Authors: Ouyang Liang-Biao 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In order to make an appropriate business decision on well completion, the impacts of uncertainty of key completion parameters on well performance must be carefully evaluated to reasonably estimate the well performance. A procedure has been proposed for the evaluation purpose. The procedure will be applied to five common types of well completions to illustrate the importance of the proposed uncertainty analysis.
A field case study will be discussed in detail in the paper to demonstrate the uncertainty assessment process for efficient completion designs. The case study will be focused on a horizontal oil producer where different completion options have been proposed. The relative impacts of different parameters on the well production will be investigated to identify the major parameters that could affect the well production the most. The field case study will help us to understand the importance of the uncertainty analysis and its potential impacts on the final completion selection.
Natural Gas Dehydration: The Suitability of Solid Desiccant Technology in Nigeria
Authors: Odunowo Tioluwanimi 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The dehydration of natural gas cannot be neglected in processing the gas to consumer specifications. Glycol dehydration (the conventional dehydration method used in Nigeria) has its associated problem – the venting of pollutants such as Methane, VOCs (Volatile Organic Compounds) and HAPs (Hazardous Air Pollutants). This constitutes an environmental hazard and also loss of valuable gas that could be sold to generate revenue.
This problem need not continue, as improved solid desiccant technology has proven to be capable of solving it. This paper presents this view in a systematic analytical approach. To validate this view, environmental and economic analyses were carried out and the results obtained demonstrate that desiccant dehydrators are preferred in terms of cost savings and environmental friendliness. Thus they are viable alternatives to the conventional glycol dehydrators.
Challenges in Working Over-Severely Corroded Water Injectors for PWRI Application
Authors: Kumar Manish , Chin HonVoon , Malcolm Alex 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Nelson field is located 120kms offshore from Aberdeen in the Central North Sea. It is an important asset for Shell UK in the North Sea. This paper highlights the important steps that Shell UK is taking towards reducing its oil to sea discharge and meet compliance with OSPAR regulations. The heavily corroded state of the Nelson water injectors posed a major challenge towards successfully recovering the slot and executing a workover, which would allow produced water to be re-injected into the reservoir instead of being discharged to the sea.
This paper details the work scope, the plans and execution of the workover. It highlights the challenges that were faced by the team to deliver a well capable of produced water and seawater injection. The paper details the final results obtained from the successful campaign on the Nelson platform.
Enhanced Solids Removal Techniques From Ultra Low Pressure Wells Using Concentric Coiled Tubing Vacuum Technology
Authors: Rafferty Phil , Ennis Jim , Skufca Jason , Craig Steven 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The removal of solids from the Tyonek field gas wells has proven to be a major challenge for the operator.
The field has an exceptionally low bottom hole pressure gradient of ~0.1 psi/ft. This means that traditional two phase sand removal operations using coiled tubing had not been successful. Even following the development of engineered cleanouts, the bottom hole pressure was just too low to support economic returns.
The option of reverse circulating would also not be feasible due to the massive quantities of nitrogen required to succeed.
Following reviews, the most efficient method of cleanout was identified as using a Concentric Coiled Tubing Vacuum Technology (CCTVT) system. The CCTVT essentially provides a second annular return route for wellbore solids while simultaneously boosting the return pressure. This permits the cleanout to be performed with fluid only, a significant logistical and financial saving over two phase operations.
This paper will describe the system technology, engineering planning, well control considerations, system limitations and the observed operational and production results of a five well campaign from the first CCTVT operations conducted in Alaska as well as the first application on an offshore platform.
Dewpoint Pressure Estimation of Gas Condensate Reservoirs, Using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Akbari Meisam Karbalaee , Farahani Farhang Jalali , Abdy Yaser 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDew point pressure is a crucial parameter for evaluation of gas condensate reservoirs. Hence, the availability and accuracy of this property has been the main bottleneck for the reservoir simulation and development.Although the dew point pressure can be determined experimentally from collected laboratory samples frequently these measurements are not available. In these cases, fluid reservoir properties are determined with the use of empirical correlations (explicit methods) or they can be determined iteratively using an equation of state (EOS).Theoretical results and practical experience indicate that feed forward network can approximate a wide class of function relationships very well. This property is exploited in modeling petroleum engineering process.In this work, a set of conventional feed forward multilayer neural network have been proposed to predict dew point pressure of gas condensate reservoirs. The accuracy of the method is evaluated by its application for dew point pressure estimation of various reservoir fluids not used in the development of the model. Furthermore, the performance of the model is compared against the performance of other alternatives correlations reported as the most accurate and general correlations for dew point pressure prediction. Results of this comparison show that the proposed method out performs the other alternatives, both in accuracy and generality.The network was developed using experimentally Constant Volume Depletion (CVD) measured condensate sample of south pars reservoir and collected data from literature of 111 gas condensate samples covering a wide rang of gas properties and reservoir temperature.The network has an average absolute error of 2.573%, 3.832% and 2.612% for training, validation and test processes, respectively.