bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitioning patients from efalizumab to alternative psoriasis therapies: findings from an open‐label, multicenter, Phase IIIb study
Authors: Menter Alan , Hamilton Tiffani K. , Toth Darryl P. , Leung Hoi M. , Wetherill Graham , Hennessey Brian , Garovoy Marvin , Kwon Paul , Pariser David M. ,   (for the Efalizumab Study Group)
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  Rebound in psoriasis is, by definition, a rapid worsening of disease following the discontinuation of therapy for psoriasis; it occurs following the abrupt discontinuation of many therapies. To prevent rebound on discontinuation of efalizumab, this study evaluated the effectiveness of transitioning patients to an alternative psoriasis therapy.Methods  Patients (n = 130) received subcutaneous efalizumab 1 mg/kg/week for 12 weeks. Efalizumab was discontinued at 12 weeks; patients were evaluated for improvement from baseline in the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and a 12‐week transition period was begun. Patients who achieved PASI improvement of 75% or more (PASI‐75) at week 12 of efalizumab treatment were observed during the transition period and treated only if psoriasis recurred. Patients who did not attain PASI‐75 at week 12 of efalizumab treatment were immediately transitioned to an alternative psoriasis therapy at the physician's discretion. All patients were evaluated for signs of rebound following efalizumab discontinuation.Results  Rebound was not observed in any PASI‐75 responder (n = 46). Rebound was observed in two of 32 patients who achieved between PASI‐50 and PASI‐75, and was more common in nonresponders (14/49). Rebound was observed in none of the eight patients treated with cyclosporine and in two of the 12 patients treated with methotrexate during the transition period.Conclusions  These results suggest that efalizumab‐responsive patients are less likely to experience rebound than nonresponders and may not require treatment until disease recurrence following efalizumab discontinuation. Efalizumab nonresponders are at higher risk of developing rebound and thus should be considered for transition to an appropriate psoriasis therapy immediately following efalizumab discontinuation.
Giant onychomatricoma: report of two cases with rare clinical presentation
Authors: Estrada‐Chavez Guadalupe , Vega‐Memije M. E. , Toussaint‐Caire S. , Rangel L. , Dominguez‐Cherit J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground  Onychomatricoma was reported for the first time by Baran and Kint as a rare nail matrix tumor with specific clinical and histologic features, including a macroscopic appearance of filiform digitations originating from the nail matrix which are inserted in the nail plate.1 The appearance of the lesion may resemble that of an “anemone.” All previous reports have been mostly from Europe, with only one case from North America. These are the first case reports from Mexico. They show rare clinical characteristics, in particular tumor involving the entire nail matrix.Methods  Two cases are presented: Case 1, a 59‐year‐old man with a 2‐year history of deformity of the entire nail apparatus of the right thumb, clinically suggestive of onychomatricoma; Case 2, a 45‐year‐old woman with a 3‐year history of gradual nail dystrophy, initially misdiagnosed as onychomycosis and treated unsuccessfully for several months with antimycotics by a general physician. In both cases, the entire nail plate was affected and, because of the clinical appearance, nail exploration and excisional biopsy of the tumors at the nail matrix were performed.Results  During nail matrix surgical exploration, including avulsion of the nail plate, characteristic digitiform projections that were firmly attached to the nail plate were observed. In both cases, the entire nail matrix was affected, producing a giant form of onychomatricoma. Hematoxylin and eosin stain showed characteristic filiform projections that corresponded to the clinical appearance, with elongated epithelium from the nail matrix and fibromyxoid stroma with multiple basophilic cells, and typical clefts in between.Conclusions  Onychomatricoma has a classical clinical appearance; however, it is difficult to identify, as it is not until surgery, when the typical filiform projections are more visible, that the diagnosis can be made. Onychomatricoma is a rare tumor. The involvement of the entire nail matrix, with secondary nail dystrophy, in both cases presented here makes them interesting case reports of this unusual form of tumor.
Speciation in killifish and the role of salt tolerance
Authors: FULLER R. C. , MCGHEE K. E. , SCHRADER M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSpecies pairs whose distributions are tied to environmental conditions provide intriguing candidates for the study of ecological speciation. Here, we examine the role that adaptation to salinity has played in the divergence between two closely related species,Lucania goodeiandLucania parva, whose distributions reflect salinity (L. goodei– fresh water,L. parva– euryhaline). We first tested whether these two species display local adaptation and, subsequently, tested for ecological, genic and behavioural isolation by performing crosses within and betweenL. goodeiandL. parvaand raising offspring under various salinities. We found strong evidence for differential adaptation to salinity and also for behavioural isolation where animals preferentially mated with conspecifics over heterospecifics. However, we found no evidence for F1 hybrid inviability. We discuss the general lack of evidence for genic isolation in teleost fish and whether this is a real phenomenon or simply a reflection of experimental design.
Untersuchungen über den Einfluß von Cuticularwachsen auf die Infektionsfähigkeit pathogener Pilze
Authors: Von Schütt P. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract The effect of cuticular waxes on the infection rate of pathogenic fungi. 1. Lophodermium pinastri and Botrytis cinerea. Spore germination and growth rate of germ‐hyphae of Lophodermium pinastri and Botrytis cinerea are influenced by low concentrations of cuticular waxes, added to the germination medium. The stimulating effect increases with decreasing resistance of the species or race used for wax sampling. Generally the separately tested alcohol‐, aldehyde‐, ester‐, fatty acid‐ and hydrocarbon fractions induce similiar but less pronounced reactions than total waxes. Exceptions occur. They led to suggestions in direction to single chemical components causing resistance. – Finally alcohol and hydrocarbon chromatOgrams of cuticular waxes for Pinus montana, P. nigra and Picea abies are presented for the first time.
Dünnschichtchromatographische und mikrobiologische Untersuchungen über den Hemmstoffgehalt einiger Pappelklone
Authors: Von Glattes F. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Investigations of the content of inhibitory substances in some Poplar clones by thin‐layer chromatography and the use of micro‐organisms. Poplar leaves and stems (T 39 Wettstein Züchtung, T 213 P×‘Forndorf’, T 217 P×‘vernirubens’) from fertilized plots (P N K) and unfertilized plots were tested microbiologically and by thin‐layer chromatography. Leaf extracts contained phenolic compounds which influenced the growth of Septotinia podophyllina Whetz. Stem extracts were found to contain other substances influencing the growth of Cryptodiaporhthe, populea (Sacc.) Butin. Fertilizing frequently influenced phenol production in bark extracts but only seldom in leaf extracts.
A propos de Grovesiella abieticola (Zell. et Goodd.) Morelet et Gremmen
Authors: Per Gremmen J. , Morelet M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract On Grovesiella abieticola (Zell. and Goodd.) Morelet and Gremmen. Grovesiella abieticola (=Scleroderris abieticola) is an inoperculate Discomycete (related but distinct from the genera Godronia Moug. et Lév., Durandiella Seaver and Pragmopora Massal.), occurring in Europe and North America on species of the genus Abies Miller. The fungus is associated with branch cankers and dieback of twigs, although its pathogenicity has not been proved so far. After a three‐weeks period of growth in vitro the fungus develops plurilocular pycnidia oozing bacilliform, unicellular microconidia. It demonstrates an optimal growth at 18–20°C.
Considerations on the cause of conifer damage in plantations attributed to the Scleroderris canker
Authors: Pomerleau René 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFrom observations, made in Quebec, in red pine, jack pine and white pine plantations, evidence is provided showing that extensive damage, noticed in 1967, was directly caused by summer frosts during the most critical growth period, as had been demonstrated 20 years before in another plantation in the same area. Similar losses recorded and studied in Canada and in the Northeastern United States, since 1935 appear, in most cases, to be the result of the same unfavourable conditions and not due to the primary attack of Scleroderris lagerbergii Gremmen that should be considered a saprophyte or a secondary parasite on any dead or dying pine branches and stem lesions. Although a disease, attributed to the same fungus in Europe, on pines planted outside their natural range, exhibited different symptoms, its etiology is also questioned.
Studies on Ectomycorrhizae of Pine
Authors: Krupa S. , Nylund J.‐E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAs a gas phase all the monoterpenes and the sesquiterpene longifolene used in the present study inhibited the extension growth of Phytophthora cinnamomi and Fomes annosus. The forementioned compounds are constituents of ectomycorrhizal root systems of Scots pine. It is suggested that compounds of host origin play an important role in the disease resistance of ectomycorrhizal root systems.
Die Leitfähigkeit von Fichtenborken‐Extrakten als empfindlicher Indikator für Luftverunreinigungen
Authors: Von Härtel O. , Grill D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Conductivity of Bark‐Extracts from Spruce, a Sensitive Indicator for Air Poilution. Bark of spruce is a useful and sensitive indicator for air pollution. The latter may be determined more precisely by electrolytic conductivity of bark extracts than by pH‐value or sulphate level of foliage. By an additional simple sulphate analysis of bark extracts the effects of SO2may be distinguished from those of certain components in dust.
Die Prüfung forstlicher Baumarten auf Resistenz gegen parasitäre Pilze1
Authors: Björkman Erik 
Published: June 2007

AbstractResistance test against parasitic fungi in forest trees in Sweden. Forest resistance research is carried out at the Department of Forest Botany and Pathology at the Royal College of Forestry in Stockholm in close contact with Forest Genetics research and is performed as a resistance test of plants from seed orchards and tested progenies. Biochemical research concerning the resistance mechanism and an electronmicroscopic investigation is carried out. At present the
“Top‐dying” of Norway spruce, Picea abies (L.) Karst. with special reference to Rhizosphaera kalkhoffii Bubák
Authors: Diamandis S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCulturing needles at early stages of discolouration and a number of experiments failed to show that R. kalkhoffii or any other fungus has a primary involvement in foliar symptoms in “top‐dying” of Norway spruce by attacking the needles or shoots of the last two years'growth.Fungicides failed to arrest the disease. Needle browning was temporarily prevented by bagging shoots of diseased trees at the start of the flushing period. R. kalkhoffii could colonize pulvini as well as
Entomosporium leaf spot of Pomoideae (Rosaceae) in Japan. III. Additional basis for identification of the fungus, and distribution of the disease
Authors: Horie H. , Kobayashi T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTreatment by Sivanesan and Gibson (1976), that combined all species of Entomosporium into one species E. mespili (DC. ex Duby) Sacc, was supported through the investigation of many exsiccati and fresh specimens.Morphologically, all specimens and isolates of Entomosporium, which had been differentiated into 4 species, could not be divided into clearly separated groups.The fungus has been recorded on 50 host species and the disease is widespread throughout the world.
Electrical resistance and stem water relations in Verticillium‐infected red maple1
Authors: Newbanks D. , Tattar T. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn inverse relationship exists between stem water potential and electrical resistance (ER) in healthy red maple Acer rubrum L. (r = ‐ .93 to r = ‐ .98). Stem ER of red maple seedlings was measured at 1 to 2 day intervals during a 14 week course of infection by Verticillium dahliae Klebahn. No significant differences (P = .05) in ER were found between moderately to severely infected and control plants, although stem water potential of infected plants was significantly lower than the control plants. In plants which displayed only slight if any symptoms and in which no significant change in stem water potential occurred, ER of the infected plants was significantly lower than that of the control plants.
Pathogenicity of Phytophthora species to Pacific Northwest Conifers
Authors: Hamm P. B. , Hansen E. M. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Phytophthora root rot is described for the first time killing sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) in a seed orchard and four species of true fir (Abies spp.) in a forest nursery. P. cactorum was recovered from true firs and P. megasperma was recovered from sugar pine. P. cryptogea was recovered from sugar pine and true fir but isolates from the two locations differed from each other in pathogenicity and colony appearance. Isolates recovered from these hosts and isolates of 6 Phytophthora species previously recovered from Douglas‐fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were then tested for pathogenicity on seedlings of 9 Northwest conifers. P. megasperma Group 1, P. cryptogea, and P. cinnamomi were pathogenic to all tree species except western redcedar (Thujaplicata). Western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla) and true firs were susceptible to most species tested; ponderosa (P. ponderosa) and sugar pines were damaged only by P. cryptogea and P. cinnamomi; western redcedar was resistant to all isolates.
The effect of different mixtures of NaCl and CaCl2 on the silver fir (Abies alba Miller)
Authors: Sury R. von , Flückiger W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractYoung potted silver firs were treated with six different mixtures of NaCl and CaCl2. Growth was measured as well as the foliar contents of Cl, Na and Ca and the development of chlorosis and necrosis was recorded. At both concentration levels used, growth inhibition and needle necrosis were more pronounced in test conditions rich in CaCl2, a fact which is probably due to Cl toxicity.
Detection of differential changes in lignin composition of elm xylem tissues inoculated with Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi using Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Martin J. A. , Solla A. , Woodward S. , Gil L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryDifferences in elm susceptibility against Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi have been related with differences in timing and degree of the tree defence responses. In this study, we used Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy, coupled with chemometric methods, to detect progressive changes in the metabolic profile of Ulmus minor and U. minor × U. pumila xylem tissues after inoculation with O. novo‐ulmi. Differences between control and inoculated trees were detected at 30 and 60 days post‐inoculation (dpi) in U. minor, and at 15, 30 and 60 dpi in U. minor × U. pumila. These differences were related with increased levels of lignin in the xylem tissues, suggesting an earlier defence response to the infection in the hybrids.
Resistance sources to Valsa canker (Valsa ceratosperma) in a germplasm collection of diverseMalusspecies
Authors: Abe K. , Kotoda N. , Kato H. , Soejima J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAlthough Valsa canker caused byValsa ceratosperma(Tode ex Fr.) Maire is one of the most destructive diseases in apple (Malus × domesticaBorkh.) especially in eastern Asia, information available to help with breeding against Valsa canker in apples is limited. In this work, 53 accessions of diverseMalusspecies and their interspecific hybrids were tested for resistance toV. ceratosperma, using an excised shoot assay. Dormant shoots and succulent growing shoots from each accession were inoculated with a virulent isolate AVC‐12 ofV. ceratosperma, and the length of necrosis was measured at 10 days post‐inoculation for the dormant shoots and at 7 days post‐inoculation for the growing shoots. The lesion length relative to the susceptible control ‘Fuji' in dormant shoots (RLD) and to that in growing shoots (RLG) were simple but useful parameters to differentiate between resistant and susceptible accessions. Fourteen accessions fromM. baccata,M. florentina,M. halliana,M. micromalus,M. pratii,M. sieboldii,M. yunnanensis,M. × floribundaandM. × platycarpagave low RLDand RLGvalues of less than 0.6 and were evaluated as resistant regardless of the difference in the stage of growth. The highest level of resistance was found inM. sieboldii. This high level of resistance inM. sieboldiiwas effective against different isolates ofV. ceratosperma.
Evaluation of the Karras Spermdensimeter in Relation to the Neubauer Counting Chamber for Sperm Concentration Measurement in Boar Semen
Authors: Vianna WL , Bruno DG , Namindome A , De Campos Rosseto AC , Barnabé RC , De Sant’ Anna Moretti A 
Published: June 2007

ContentsThe correct measurement of spermatic concentration in boar semen is one of the basic tasks routinely performed at the Swine Artificial Insemination Center (CIAS). This article explains two experiments whose objectives were: Experiment 1: This trial had two objectives: (1) to evaluate the precision of the spermdensimeter (SPM) with relation to the Neubauer count chamber (CN) which is considered the standard technique in the field and (2) to correct the scale on the SPM table. Experiment 2: This trial also had two objectives: (1) to evaluate the time and repetitions required in the SPM and (2) to compare the SPM adjusted table produced in Expt 1 with the SPM standard table. The methods in Expt 1 were used to measure total spermatic concentration in 141 boar ejaculates. The average spermatic concentrations (106 spermatozoids/ml) and average dose number were 229.1 and 22.6 for CN, and 283.6 and 28.0 for SPM. These results indicate that the SPM has a tendency to overestimate spermatic concentration with relation to the CN. The SPM produced a smaller coefficient of variation and needed lesser examination time than the CN (p < 0.05). The SPM adjusted table created in Expt 1 produced similar results as the SPM and CN standard tables (2.96 billion live spermatozoids/dose vs 2.36 billion live spermatozoids/dose). Incorporation and evaluation of supplemental data from other CIAS regarding the use of the SPM adjusted table in the field entitled ‘Adjusted Table for Karras Spermdensimeter LPS‐FMVZ‐USP’ would be valuable to prove its efficiency.
Risk factors analysis for hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with and without cirrhosis: A case–control study of 213 hepatocellular carcinoma patients from India
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Rakesh , Hissar Syed S , Saraswat Manoj Kumar , Sharma Barjesh Chander , Sakhuja Puja , Sarin Shiv Kumar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAim:  To assess the role of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and alcohol intake as risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the presence or absence of cirrhosis in Indian population.Methods:  A total of 213 patients with HCC and 254 control subjects not affected with hepatic diseases or neoplasm were recruited. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated for each risk factor and synergism among various risk factors was also studied.Results:  The ORs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of HCC were 48.02 (25.06–91.98) for any HBV marker, 38.98 (19.55–77.71) for HBsAg positivity, 12.34 (2.84–53.61) for HBsAg negative and antibody positive (either of anti‐HBe or total anti‐HBc), 5.45 (2.02–14.71) for anti‐HCV positive and HCV RNA positive, and 2.83 (1.51–5.28) for heavy alcohol use. No significant risk increase was evident for subjects who were anti‐HCV positive and HCV RNA negative. Synergism between alcohol and HCV infection in causing HCC was found, but not between alcohol and HBV. Overall, conclusive evidence of the presence or absence of cirrhosis was reached in 189 (88.73%) HCC patients; cirrhosis was present in 137 (72.48%) of them. ORs with 95% CI of HCC in the presence and absence of cirrhosis, respectively, for HBV were as follows: (i) 48.90 (24.61–97.19) and 35.03 (15.59–78.66) for any HBV marker; (ii) 39.88 (19.41–81.97) and 24.40 (10.60–56.18) for HBsAg positivity; and (iii) 12.10 (2.67–54.88) and 19.60 (3.94–97.39) for HBsAg negativity and antibody positivity. Significantly increased risk was found among cirrhotic patients for anti‐HCV positivity and HCV RNA positivity [OR = 7.53 (2.73–20.78)] and for heavy alcohol use [OR = 3.32 (1.70–6.47)]; however, in the absence of cirrhosis, no significant risk increase was evident for subjects who were anti‐HCV positive and HCV RNA positive [OR = 0.97 (0.11–8.54)], or who had history of heavy alcohol use [OR = 1.58 (0.55–4.53)].Conclusions:  Infection with HBV and HCV are the major risk factors for the development of HCC in Indian patients. Presence of HBV antibodies even in the absence of HBsAg conferred increased risk for HCC in the presence or absence of cirrhosis. Anti‐HCV positivity in the absence of HCV RNA conferred no increased risk. HCV RNA positivity and heavy alcohol use significantly increased the risk of HCC among cirrhotic patients, but not non‐cirrhotic patients.
Relevance of ineffective esophageal motility and hyperactive acid sensitization in patients with gastroesophageal reflux
Authors: Hong Su Jin , Ko Bong Min , Jung In Seop , Ryu Chang Beom , Moon Jong Ho , Cho Joo Young , Kim Jin Oh , Lee Joon Seong , Lee Moon Sung , Shim Chan Sup , Kim Boo Sung 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Esophageal motor abnormalities including ineffective esophageal motility (IEM) and visceral hypersensitivity have been frequently observed in patients with gastroesophageal reflux. The aim of this study was to observe the incidences of hypersensitivity to acid infusion and motor abnormalities in non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) compared with erosive esophagitis.Methods:  We performed upper GI endoscopy, an acid perfusion test and esophageal manometry on 113 NERD patients and 37 erosive esophagitis patients.Results:  The frequency of acid sensitization was 69.9% in NERD and 67.6% in erosive esophagitis. The frequency of esophageal motor abnormality in patients with erosive esophagitis (48.6%) was higher than in patients with NERD (25.7%, P = 0.014). The most frequent esophageal motor abnormality was IEM. The frequency of IEM was 15.9% in NERD patients, 42.9% in Los Angeles grade A, 53.8% in Los Angeles grade B and 66.7% in Los Angeles grade C esophagitis (χ2 = 16.67, P < 0.0001).Conclusion:  Our results suggest that no difference exists between visceral hypersensitivity in patients with NERD and those with erosive esophagitis, and that IEM occurs in NERD as well as erosive esophagitis patients. The occurrence of IEM is associated with the endoscopic severity of gastroesophageal reflux disease.