bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hepatic and adipose tissue transcriptome analysis highlights a commonly deregulated autophagic pathway in severe MASLD
Authors: Meroni Marica , De Caro Emilia , Chiappori Federica , Longo Miriam , Paolini Erika , Mosca Ettore , Merelli Ivan , Lombardi Rosa , Badiali Sara , Maggioni Marco , Orro Alessandro , Mezzelani Alessandra , Valenti Luca , Fracanzani Anna Ludovica , Dongiovanni Paola 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe incidence of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is rapidly ramping up due to the spread of obesity, which is characterized by expanded and dysfunctional visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Previous studies have investigated the hepatic transcriptome across MASLD, whereas few studies have focused on VAT.MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing in 167 hepatic samples from patients with obesity and in a subset of 79 matched VAT samples. Circulating cathepsin D (CTSD), a lysosomal protease, was measured by ELISA, whereas the autophagy‐lysosomal pathway was assessed by Western blot in hepatic and VAT samples (n = 20).ResultsInflammation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and mitochondrial dysfunction were upregulated in severe MASLD in both tissues, whereas autophagy and oxidative phosphorylation were reduced. Tissue comparative analysis revealed 13 deregulated genes, including CTSD, which showed the most robust diagnostic accuracy in discriminating mild and severe MASLD. CTSD expression correlated with circulating protein, whose increase was further validated in 432 histologically characterized MASLD patients, showing a high accuracy in foreseeing severe liver injury. In addition, the assessment of serum CTSD increased the performance of fibrosis 4 in diagnosing advanced disease.ConclusionsBy comparing the hepatic and VAT transcriptome during MASLD, we refined the concept by which CTSD may represent a potential biomarker of severe disease.
Wearable Electrochemical Sensor for Sweat‐Based Potassium Ion and Glucose Detection in Exercise Health Monitoring
Authors: Ma Lei , Hou Wenhao , Ji Zhi , Sun Ziheng , Li Muxi , Lian Bolin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe increasing prevalence of wearable devices has sparked a growing interest in real‐time health monitoring and physiological parameter tracking. This study focuses on the development of a cost‐effective sweat analysis device, utilizing microfluidic technology and selective electrochemical electrodes for non‐invasive monitoring of glucose and potassium ions. The device, through real‐time monitoring of glucose and potassium ion levels in sweat during physical activity, issues a warning signal when reaching experimentally set thresholds (K+ concentration at 7.5 mM, glucose concentrations at 60 μM and 120 μM). This alerts users to potential dehydration and hypoglycemic conditions. Through the integration of microfluidic devices and precise electrochemical analysis techniques, the device enables accurate and real‐time monitoring of glucose and potassium ions in sweat. This advancement in wearable technology holds significant potential for personalized health management and preventive care, promoting overall well‐being, and optimizing performance during physical activities.
How we use angiopoietin‐2 in the diagnosis and management of vascular anomalies
Authors: Engel Elissa R. , Le Cras Timothy D. , Ricci Kiersten W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe diagnosis of vascular anomalies remains challenging due to significant clinical heterogeneity and uncertain etiology. Evaluation using biopsy and/or genetic testing for somatic variants is invasive, expensive, and prone to sampling error. There is great need for noninvasive and easily measured blood laboratory biomarkers that can aid not only in diagnosis, but also management of treatments for vascular anomalies. Angiopoietin‐2, a circulating blood angiogenic factor, is highly elevated in patients with kaposiform hemangioendothelioma with Kasabach–Merritt phenomenon and kaposiform lymphangiomatosis. Here, we describe our clinical experience using serum angiopoietin‐2 as a biomarker for diagnosis and monitoring response to treatment.
Causes and management of urinary system problems in children on long‐term home invasive mechanical ventilation
Authors: Soylu Alper , Kavukcu Salih 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany ventilator‐dependent children have comorbid conditions including urinary tract disorders. We aimed to present a focused review of the literature describing the causes and management of urinary system problems in children with long‐term home mechanical ventilation. We performed a literature search in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Web of Science with keywords “children,” “home mechanical ventilation,” “urinary system,” “urinary tract,” “neurogenic bladder,” “clean intermittent catheterization,” “urinary tract infection,” “urolithiasis,” and “acute kidney injury.” We included original articles, reviews, guidelines, and case reports published in English. Ventilator‐dependent children may have neurogenic bladder/bowel dysfunction which renders them prone to urinary tract infection, high bladder pressure, vesicoureteral reflux, hydronephrosis, and renal dysfunction. These children require bladder catheterization, medications affecting parasympathetic/sympathetic nervous systems, or surgical procedures to prevent urinary infections, and to maintain continence and renal functions. However, bladder catheterization or surgical procedures like augmentation cystoplasty may also be complicated with urinary infections, urolithiasis, or urethral strictures. Urolithiasis frequency is also increased due to immobilization‐related hypercalciuria, hypocitraturia caused by antiepileptic drugs, urinary stasis, and urinary infections. On the other hand, mechanical ventilation can impair renal function by reduction of cardiac output, redistribution of intrarenal blood flow and stimulation of sympathetic and hormonal pathways. Children requiring long‐term invasive home mechanical ventilation may have other comorbid conditions, including urinary system diseases, which become manifest as these patients are being kept alive due to the advances in ventilation strategies. These children must be carefully observed for urological complications and managed accordingly to prevent kidney injury.
Transitioning children using home invasive mechanical ventilation from hospital to home: Discharge criteria, disparities, and ethical considerations
Authors: Henningfeld Jennifer , Friedrich Annie B. , Flanagan Grace , Griffith Cynthia , Hughes Anna , Molkentine Lisa , Steuart Rebecca , Wilkinson Stuart , Baker Christopher D. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChildren using home invasive mechanical ventilation (HIMV), a valuable therapeutic option for chronic respiratory failure, constitute a growing population. Transitioning children using HIMV from hospital to home care is a complex process that requires a multidisciplinary approach involving healthcare professionals, caregivers, and community resources. Medical stability, caregiver competence, and home environment suitability are essential factors in determining discharge readiness. Caregiver education and training play a pivotal role in ensuring safe and effective home care. Simulation training and staged education progression are effective strategies for equipping caregivers with necessary skills. Resource limitations, inadequate home nursing support, and disparities in available community resources are common obstacles to successful HIMV discharge. International perspectives shed light on diverse healthcare systems and challenges faced by caregivers worldwide. While standardizing guidelines for HIMV discharge may be complex, collaboration among healthcare providers and the development of evidence‐based regional guidelines can improve outcomes for children using HIMV and their caregivers. This review seeks to synthesize literature, provide expert guidance based on experience, and highlight components to safely discharge children using HIMV. It further assesses disparities and divergences within regional and international healthcare systems while addressing relevant ethical considerations.
Quantification of surgical workflow during robotic proctectomy
Authors: Gillani Mishal , Rupji Manali , Devin Courtney L. , Purvis Lilia A. , Paul Olson Terrah J. , Jarc Anthony , Shields Mallory C. , Liu Yuan , Rosen Seth A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundSurgical workflow assessments offer insight regarding procedure variability. We utilised an objective method to evaluate workflow during robotic proctectomy (RP).MethodsWe annotated 31 RPs and used Spearman's correlation to measure the correlation of step time and step visit frequency with console time (CT) and total operative time (TOT).ResultsStrong correlations were seen with CT and step times for inferior mesenteric vein dissection and ligation (ρ = 0.60, ρ = 0.60), lateral‐to‐medial splenic flexure mobilisation (SFM) (ρ = 0.63), left rectal dissection (ρ = 0.64) and mesorectal division (ρ = 0.71). CT correlated strongly with medial‐to‐lateral (ρ = 0.75) and supracolic SFM visit frequency (ρ = 0.65). TOT correlated strongly with initial exposure time (ρ = 0.60), and medial‐to‐lateral (ρ = 0.67) and supracolic SFM visit frequency (ρ = 0.65).ConclusionThis study correlates surgical steps with CT and TOT through standardised annotation, providing an objective approach to quantify workflow.
Deformable Smart DNA Nanomachine for Synergistic Intracellular Cancer‐Related miRNAs Imaging and Chemo‐Gene Therapy of Drug‐Resistant Tumors
Authors: Dong Chen , Wang Yeran , Chen Zhilong , Yan Chenlong , Zhang Jingjing , Song Chunyuan , Wang Lianhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiagnosis and treatment of tumor especially drug‐resistant tumor remains a huge challenge, which requires intelligent nanomedicines with low toxic side effects and high efficacy. Herein, deformable smart DNA nanomachines are developed for synergistic intracellular cancer‐related miRNAs imaging and chemo‐gene therapy of drug‐resistant tumors. The tetrahedral DNA framework (MA‐TDNA) with fluorescence quenched component and five antennas is self‐assembled first, and then DOX molecules are loaded on the MA‐TDNAs followed by linking MUC1‐aptamer and Mcl‐1 siRNA to the antennas of MA‐TDNA, so that the apt‐MA‐TDNA@DOX‐siRNA (DNA nanomachines) is constructed. The DNA nanomachine can respond to two tumor‐related miRNAs in vitro and in vivo, which can undergo intelligent miRNA‐triggered opening of the framework, resulting in the “turn on” of the fluorescence for sensitively and specifically sensing intracellular miRNAs. Meanwhile, both miRNA‐responded rapid release and pH‐responded release of DOX are achieved for chemotherapy of tumor. In addition, the gene therapy of the DNA nanomachines is achieved due to the miRNA‐specific capture and the RNase H triggered release of Mcl‐1 siRNA. The DNA nanomachines intergrading both tumor imaging and chemo‐gene therapy in single nanostructures realized efficient tumor‐targeted, image‐guided, and microenvironment‐responsive tumor diagnosis and treatment, which provides a synergetic antitumor effect on drug‐resistant tumor.
An Automated Single‐Cell Droplet‐Digital Microfluidic Platform for Monoclonal Antibody Discovery
Authors: Ahmadi Fatemeh , Tran Hao , Letourneau Natasha , Little Samuel R. , Fortin Annie , Moraitis Anna N. , Shih Steve C. C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMonoclonal antibody (mAb) discovery plays a prominent role in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Droplet microfluidics has become a standard technology for high‐throughput screening of antibody‐producing cells due to high droplet single‐cell confinement frequency and rapid analysis and sorting of the cells of interest with their secreted mAbs. In this work, a new method is described for on‐demand co‐encapsulation of cells that eliminates the difficulties associated with washing in between consecutive steps inside the droplets and enables the washing and addition of fresh media. The new platform identifies hybridoma cells that are expressing antibodies of interest using antibody‐characterization assays to find the best‐performing or rare‐cell antibody candidates.
Direct Laser Writing of Silica Nanoparticle Nanocomposites: Probing Mechanical Reinforcement and Understanding Structural Color from Design Parameters
Authors: Augustine Amrutha , Qian Jing , Faraone Teodora , Kolagatla Srikanth , Prochukhan Nadezda , Morris Michael A. , Bradley A. Louise , Florea Larisa , Delaney Colm 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNanocomposite materials have been thoroughly exploited in additive manufacturing, as a means to alter physical, chemical, and optical properties of resulting structures. Herein, nanocomposite materials suitable for direct laser writing (DLW) by two‐photon polymerization are presented. These materials, comprising silica nanoparticles, bring significant added value to the technology through physical reinforcement and controllable photonic properties. Incorporation into acrylate photoresists, via a one‐step fabrication process, enables the formation of complex structures with large overhangs. The inclusion of 150 nm silica nanoparticles in DLW photoresists at high concentrations, allows for the fabrication of composite microstructures that show reflected color, a product of the relative contributions from the quasi‐ordering and random scattering. Using common DLW design parameters, such as slicing distance and structure dimension, a wide gamut of structural color, in solution, using a set concentration of nanoparticles is demonstrated. Numerical modeling is employed to predict the reflected wavelength of the pixel arrays, across the visible spectrum, and this information is used to encode reflected colors into different pixel arrays.
Transient X‐Ray Absorption Near Edge Structure Spectroscopy Using Broadband Free‐Electron Laser Pulses
Authors: Juranić Pavle , Cirelli Claudio , Mamyrbayev Talgat , Uemura Yohei , Vila‐Comamala Joan , Lima Frederico Alves , Bacellar Camila , Johnson Philip J. M. , Prat Eduard , Reiche Sven , Wach Anna , Bykova Iuliia , Kahraman Abdullah , Kabanova Victoria , Milne Christopher , David Christian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA new method for time‐resolved X‐ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy that enables faster data acquisition and requires smaller sample quantities for high‐quality data, thus allowing the analysis of more samples in a shorter time is introduced. The method uses large bandwidth free electron laser pulses to measure laser‐excited XANES spectra in transmission mode. A beam‐splitting grating configuration allows simultaneous measurements of the spectra of the incoming X‐ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) pulses and transmission XANES, which is crucial for compensating the pulse‐dependent intensity and spectrum fluctuations due to the self‐amplified spontaneous emission operation. The implementation of this new methodology is applied on a liquid solution of ammonium iron(III) oxalate jet and is compared to previous results, showing great improvements in the speed of acquisition and spectral resolution, and the ability to measure a large 2‐D spectral‐time map quickly.
Parallel BFS through pennant data structure with reducer hyper‐object based data hiding for 3D mesh images
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Sakhi , Mukherjee Subhadip , Mukhopadhyay Somnath , Sarkar Sunita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractData hiding refers to the technique employed to conceal sensitive data within various forms of multimedia, such as video, audio, text, 2D images, 3D images, and more, while also being able to successfully extract said information from the multimedia file. Although numerous data hiding techniques exist for 2D images, research on data hiding in 3D images is still in its early stages. Current 3D image steganography methods suffer from limitations in terms of embedding capacity and time complexity. To overcome these difficulties, we propose a novel 3D image steganographic technique using Parallel Breadth First Search (PBFS) with hyper‐object. Our approach utilizes the PBFS searching strategy, along with layer synchronization, to embed private information within the vertices of the 3D mesh images. To maximize the effectiveness of the process and minimize time, cost, complexity, and execution, we involved the data structure “bag” to parallelize the BFS. The implementation of bags is based on the pennant data structure. This methodology obtained an impressive Embedding Capacity (EC) of 9.00 bits per vertex (bpv) while maintaining superior visual quality and time complexity. Consequently, the proposed methodology holds great potential for widespread utilization across numerous sectors, including private and government organizations such as intelligence agencies, intellectual property rights management, cloud data security, defense, covert communication, medical imagery, and more.
Influence of fiber orientation on flexural‐based design of steel fiber‐reinforced concrete slabs: Experimental and numerical program
Authors: Aidarov Stanislav , Nogales Alejandro , Tošić Nikola , de la Fuente Albert 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSteel fiber‐reinforced concrete (SFRC) has proven to be a suitable structural material for constructing elevated flat slabs, and several existing office and residential buildings, in which SFRC was used for these components, highlighted the positive outcomes from both technical and sustainability perspectives. However, research on the influence of fiber orientation on the flexural performance of SFRC slabs is relatively scarce despite the fact that a number of studies revealed that the use of constitutive models derived from three‐point bending tests on notched beams leads to overestimations of the bearing capacity of statically indeterminate slabs. In this context, this study aims at presenting an extensive experimental program that consisted of testing three SFRC slabs (3.0 × 3.0 × 0.1 m3) subjected to point load under a statically indeterminate test configuration. The testing procedure was followed by the extraction of 88 cores in order to analyze both fiber distribution and orientation by means of a non‐destructive inductive method. The results indicate that lower orientation numbers were observed in cylinders drilled from the slabs in comparison with those observed in the 150 × 150 × 600 mm3 notched reference beams tested to characterize the pre‐ and post‐cracking flexural performance of the SFRC produced. Based on these results, a straightforward design‐oriented approach to compute an orientation factor was proposed and considered to develop the constitutive law used to simulate the structural response of SFRC slabs by means of nonlinear finite element model. The numerical simulation results showed a good agreement with the experimental response, this evidencing that the orientation factor may permit to account for the differences caused by geometric and statistical scale‐induced factors between both the beams used for the SFRC flexural properties characterization and slabs produced with the same SFRC.
How perceived rights and duties influence identity positions in an international TESOL graduate program
Authors: Rabbidge Michael , Gomez Yania Rugama 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe continued push to internationalize Korean higher education means that international and Korean students are enrolling in courses that are undergoing dynamic changes that neither group may be prepared for. This research investigated how the experiences of international students and Korean students who attended the same TESOL graduate school assigned identity positions to each other and their professors during such courses. Using positioning theory allowed this qualitative study to illustrate how participants assigned perceived rights and duties to act, know, or believe in accordance with who they believed they, and other people were, on their program. Violations of these perceived rights and duties resulted in assigning negative identity positions that previously were limited in description to vague “tensions” which impacted international student performance. Findings explain how cultural differences connected to language, participation, hierarchy, and friendships were keenly felt by all participants, and the perceived rights and duties that were violated due to these differences reinforced the marginalized identity position some international students felt.
Design, synthesis, and biochemical and computational screening of novel oxindole derivatives as inhibitors of Aurora A kinase and SARS-CoV-2 spike/host ACE2 interaction
Authors: Eni Donatus B. , Cassel Joel , Namba-Nzanguim Cyril T. , Simoben Conrad V. , Tietjen Ian , Akunuri Ravikumar , Salvino Joseph M. , Ntie-Kang Fidele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIsatin (indol-2,3-dione), a secondary metabolite of tryptophan, has been used as the core structure to design several compounds that have been tested and identified as potent inhibitors of apoptosis, potential antitumor agents, anticonvulsants, and antiviral agents. In this work, several analogs of isatin hybrids have been synthesized and characterized, and their activities were established as inhibitors of both Aurora A kinase and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike/host angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) interactions. Amongst the synthesized isatin hybrids, compounds 6a, 6f, 6g, and 6m exhibited Aurora A kinase inhibitory activities (with IC50 values < 5 $$\mu$$
μ
M), with GScore values of −7.9, −7.6, −8.2 and −7.7 kcal/mol, respectively. Compounds 6g and 6i showed activities in blocking SARS-CoV-2 spike/ACE2 binding (with IC50 values in the range < 30 $$\mu$$
μ
M), with GScore values of −6.4 and −6.6 kcal/mol, respectively. Compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i were both capable of inhibiting spike/ACE2 binding and blocking Aurora A kinase. Pharmacophore profiling indicated that compound 6g tightly fits Aurora A kinase and SARS-CoV-2 pharmacophores, while 6d fits SARS-CoV-2 and 6l fits Aurora A kinase pharmacophore. This work is a proof of concept that some existing cancer drugs may possess antiviral properties. Molecular modeling showed that the active compound for each protein adopted different binding modes, hence interacting with a different set of amino acid residues in the binding site. The weaker activities against spike/ACE2 could be explained by the small sizes of the ligands that fail to address the important interactions for binding to the ACE2 receptor site.
Wettability and microstructural evolution of copper filler in W and EUROFER brazed joints
Authors: Izaguirre Ignacio , de Prado Javier , Sánchez María , Ureña Alejandro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn terms of wettability, active systems are characterized by a reduction in interfacial energy as the time at specific conditions is increased. This article aims to investigate the evolution of wettability and microstructure, which undergoes a critical transformation at temperatures and dwell times near brazing conditions due to their significant impact on resultant mechanical properties. The objective is to enhance wettability and prevent the formation of different phases that can occur rapidly within the brazing window conditions. Up to 1105 °C, complete fusion of the filler does not occur. However, once it happens, the expansion of the copper filler in EUROFER increases up to 400%, and the contact angle reduces from 100° to 10°, indicating an active wetting behavior. On the other hand, when copper is used with tungsten, an inert behavior is observed, maintaining the contact angle around 70°. Brazed joints carried out under the most promising wetting conditions demonstrated that at 1110 °C-1 min, various phenomena began to occur. This includes solid-state diffusion of copper in the EUROFER, following the austenitic grain boundaries, and partial dissolution of Fe in the copper braze. Increasing the brazing time from 2 to 5 min achieved high interfacial adhesion properties and controlled the diffusion layer and Fe-rich band formed at the W-braze interface, resulting in the best mechanical results (295 MPa).