bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EMMPRIN (basigin/CD147) expression is not correlated with MMP activity during adult mouse mammary gland development
Authors: Szymanowska Malgorzata , Hendry Kay A.K. , Robinson Claire , Kolb Andreas F. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractExtracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN/basigin/CD147) is a cell surface protein, which has been associated with the induction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) genes during cancer metastasis. EMMPRIN plays a role in a variety of physiological processes as is evident by the diverse deficiencies detectable in EMMPRIN knockout mice. We have analysed the role of EMMPRIN in the induction of MMP genes during mammary gland differentiation and involution. Co‐transfection studies showed that EMMPRIN has diverse effects on MMP promoter activity in different mammary and non‐mammary cell lines. Expression of EMMPRIN mRNA is enhanced markedly by insulin in a mammary gland cell line but appears to have no direct effect on MMP gene expression in these cells. Microarray analysis and quantitative PCR show that EMMPRIN is expressed throughout mammary gland differentiation in the mouse. Its expression decreases during early pregnancy and briefly after induction of mammary gland involution by litter removal. Immunohistochemical analysis shows that EMMPRIN expression is limited to the stromal compartment during pregnancy, whereas it is strongly expressed in the epithelium during lactation. In summary the data argue against a causal role for EMMPRIN for the induction of MMP gene expression during adult mammary gland development. These data therefore support a physiological role for EMMPRIN other than MMP induction in mammary gland biology. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 52–62, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward anab initiofragment database for bioisosterism: Dependence of QCT properties on level of theory, conformation, and chemical environment
Authors: Devereux Michael , Popelier Paul L. A. , McLay Iain M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe goal of this work is to assess the scope and suitability of atomic and bond properties for use in a bioisostere fragment database. This database will contain fragment descriptors that can be used to represent portions of larger molecules and similarity in properties between fragments, which will then be used to find bioisosteric replacements in future work. Seventeen common organic fragments relevant to drug design featured as “linker groups” that were capped by two terminal groups. Each terminal group could be one of the set of 12 possible sets: 10 aromatic heterocycles, a phenyl ring, or an ethyl. This enabled a systematic investigation of the chemical environment, enriched with conformational flexibility within the linker group, for a total of 307 different atoms. Five different levels of theory were investigated. This work paves the way to the construction of a quantum mechanical bioisosteric fragment database, for which transferability of stored fragment properties is of fundamental importance. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2009
Enriched environment restores hippocampal cell proliferation and ameliorates cognitive deficits in chronically stressed rats
Authors: Veena J. , Srikumar B. N. , Mahati K. , Bhagya V. , Raju T. R. , Shankaranarayana Rao B. S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractAdult neurogenesis, particularly in the subgranular zone, is thought to be linked with learning and memory. Chronic stress inhibits adult hippocampal neurogenesis and also impairs learning and memory. On the other hand, exposure to enriched environment (EE) is reported to enhance the survival of new neurons and improve cognition. Accordingly, in the present study, we examined whether short‐term EE after stress could ameliorate the stress‐induced decrease in hippocampal cell proliferation and impairment in radial arm maze learning. After restraint stress (6 hr/day, 21 days) adult rats were exposed to EE (6 hr/day, 10 days). We observed that chronic restraint stress severely affected formation of new cells and learning. Stressed rats showed a significant decrease (70%) in the number of BrdU (5‐bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine)‐immunoreactive cells and impairment in the performance of the partially baited radial arm maze task. Interestingly, EE after stress completely restored the hippocampal cell proliferation. On par with the restoration of hippocampal cytogenesis, short‐term EE after stress resulted in a significant increase in percentage correct choices and a decrease in the number of reference memory errors compared with the stressed animals. Also, EE per se significantly increased the cell proliferation compared with controls. Furthermore, stress significantly reduced the hippocampal volume that was reversed after EE. Our observations demonstrate that short‐term EE completely ameliorates the stress‐induced decrease in cell proliferation and learning deficit, thus demonstrating the efficiency of rehabilitation in reversal of stress‐induced deficits and suggesting a probable role of newly formed cells in the effects of EE. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iptakalim ameliorates MPP+‐induced astrocyte mitochondrial dysfunction by increasing mitochondrial complex activity besides opening mitoKATP channels
Authors: Zhang Shu , Ding Jian‐Hua , Zhou Fang , Wang Zhi‐Yuan , Zhou Xi‐Qiao , Hu Gang 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn addition to the established role of the mitochondrion in energy metabolism, regulation of cell death has been regarded as a major function of this organelle. Our previous studies have demonstrated that iptakalim (IPT), a novel ATP‐sensitive potassium channel (KATP channel) opener, protects against 1‐methyl‐4‐phenyl‐pyridinium ion (MPP+)–induced astrocyte apoptosis via mitochondria and mitogen‐activated protein kinase signal pathways. The present study aimed to investigate whether IPT can protect astrocyte mitochondria against MPP+‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction. We showed that treatment with IPT could ameliorate the inhibitory effect of MPP+ on mitochondrial respiration and ATP production by using mitochondrial complex I–supported substrates. IPT could also inhibit the increased production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria induced by MPP+. However, mitochondrial ATP‐sensitive potassium (mitoKATP) channel blocker 5‐hydroxydecanoate (5‐HD) could partly abolish all of the above effects of IPT. Because mitochondrial complex dysfunction impairs mitochondrial respiration and ATP production, a further experiment was undertaken to study the effects of IPT on the activity of mitochondrial complex (COX) I and COX IV. It was found that IPT inhibited the decrease in mitochondrial COX I and COX IV activity induced by MPP+, but 5‐HD failed to abolish these effects. Taken together, these findings suggest that IPT may protect astrocyte mitochondrial function by regulating complex activity in addition to opening mitoKATP channels. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spectral analysis of transport equations with bounce‐back boundary conditions
Authors: Latrach K. , Lods B. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe investigate the spectral properties of the time‐dependent linear transport equation with bounce‐back boundary conditions. A fine analysis of the spectrum of the streaming operator is given and the explicit expression of the strongly continuous streaming semigroup is derived. Next, making use of a recent result from Sbihi (J. Evol. Equations 2007; 7:689–711), we prove, via a compactness argument, that the essential spectrum of the transport semigroup and that of the streaming semigroup coincide on all Lp‐spaces with 1<p<∞. Application to the linear Boltzmann equation for granular gases is provided. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Local existence of solutions of a three phase‐field model for solidification
Authors: Caretta Bianca Morelli Calsavara , Boldrini José Luiz 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this article we discuss the local existence and uniqueness of solutions of a system of parabolic differential partial equations modeling the process of solidification/melting of a certain kind of alloy. This model governs the evolution of the temperature field, as well as the evolution of three phase‐field functions; the first two describe two different possible solid crystallization states and the last one describes the liquid state. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Using social marketing to increase breast cancer screening among African American women: perspectives from African American breast cancer survivors
Authors: Talbert Patricia Yvonne 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Despite progressive preventative techniques, intervention programs, and guidelines to help reduce breast cancer mortality, African American women (AAW) remain affected by breast cancer in greater numbers compared to Caucasians. As rates of breast cancer mortality continue to increase among AAW, a greater need for change emerges, which should include crafting culturally specific social marketing programs that promote breast cancer awareness among AAW. This exploratory study focuses on social marketing strategies to promote this awareness. The research underscores several social marketing strategies from the perspective of AAW (N = 130) breast cancer survivors. Qualitative data were collected from focus groups regarding social marketing strategies needed to promote breast cancer awareness. The discussions revealed social marketing campaigns that are culturally sensitive and unswerving are more likely to increase behavior modification. Furthermore, messages from other AAW tailored toward a specific market are more beneficial for promoting breast cancer screening.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study on the formation defect of nano imprinted optical waveguide devices and nano‐indentation detection
Authors: Weng Y.‐J. , Weng Y.‐C. , Yang S.‐Y. , Wong J.‐L 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this study, we try to discuss the formation defects found in the application of air‐assisted soft mold UV‐cured nano imprint lithography technology in the manufacture of optical waveguide devices, and find a solution. Meanwhile, we try to utilize the nano‐indentation technology in the material quality detection for optical waveguide devices. The results tell us that there is a corresponding relationship between the indentation hardness and procedure parameters under nano‐meter level depth. For example, the indentation tends to be harder when it is lowly loaded and shallow in depth. Closer it gets to the edge of waveguide's turning, lower the indentation hardness will be. At the same time, different exposal process results in different structural intensity. Therefore, the high structural intensity without forming defects of optical waveguide with less optical loss and better optical transmission. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New host homopolymers containing pendant triphenylamine derivatives: Synthesis, optical, electrochemical properties and its blend with Ir(ppy)3 for green phosphorescent organic light‐emitting devices
Authors: Lee Chih‐Cheng , Yeh Kun‐Ming , Chen Yun 
Published: November 2008

AbstractTwo vinyl homopolymers poly(N‐(4‐(4‐(4‐vinylbenzyloxy)styryl)phenyl)‐N‐phenylbenzenamine) (PVST) and poly(4‐vinyltriphenylamine) (PTPA) containing pendant hole‐transporting triphenylamine and 4‐oxystyryltriphenylamine groups, respectively, were synthesized by radical polymerization and employed as hosts for tris(2‐phenylpyridine) iridium [Ir(ppy)3] phosphor. Structural influences of the hole‐transporting groups upon optoelectronic properties were investigated by photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent methods. The polymers were readily soluble in common organic solvents and their weight‐average molecular weights (Mw) were 5.68 × 104 and 1.90 × 104, respectively. The emission spectra (both photoluminescence, PL and electroluminescent, EL) of the blends [PTPA with 4 wt % Ir(ppy)3] showed dominant green emission (517 nm) attributed to Ir(ppy)3 due to efficient energy transfer from PTPA to Ir(ppy)3. The HOMO levels of PVST and PTPA, estimated from onset oxidation potentials in their cyclic voltammograms, were −5.14 and −5.36 eV, which are much higher than −5.8 eV of the conventional poly(9‐vinylcarbazole) (PVK) host owing to high hole‐affinity of the triphenylamine groups. The optoelectronic performances of phosphorescent EL devices, using PVST and PTPA as hosts and Ir(ppy)3 as dopant (indium tin oxide, ITO/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/PVST or PTPA:Ir(ppy)3(4 wt %):PBD(40 wt %)/BCP/Ca/Al), were investigated. The maximum luminance and luminance efficiency of the PTPA device were 9220 cd/m2 and 6.1 cd/A, respectively, which were significantly improved relative to those of PVK and PVST. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7960–7971, 2008
Linear polyurethanes made from threitol: Acetalized and hydroxylated polymers
Authors: Marín Romina , Muñoz‐Guerra Sebastián 
Published: November 2008

AbstractA set of novel linear polyurethanes was synthesized by reaction in solution of 1,6‐hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) or 4,4′‐methylene‐bis(phenyl diisocyanate) with 2,3‐acetalized threitols, specifically, 2,3‐O‐methylidene‐L‐threitol and 2,3‐O‐isopropylidene‐D‐threitol. The polyurethanes containing acetalized threitols had weight‐average molecular weights between 40,000 and 65,000 Da. Most of them were amorphous and they displayed Tg higher than their unsubstituted analogs. Deprotection of acetalized polyurethanes by treatment with acid allowed preparing semicrystalline polyurethanes bearing two free hydroxyl groups in the repeating unit. The crystalline structure and crystallizability of the hydroxylated polyurethane made from HDI were investigated taken as reference the polyurethane made from 1,4‐butanediol and HDI. The hydrolytic degradability of threitol derived polyurethanes was comparatively evaluated under a variety of conditions. Highest degradation rates were obtained upon incubation at pH 10 at temperatures above Tg, the aliphatic hydroxylated polyurethane being the fastest degrading compound. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 7996–8012, 2008
Benzophenone‐(phenylthio)acetic acid phosphonium salts as initiators of free‐radical photopolymerization of vinyl monomers: Mechanistic studies
Authors: Bartoszewicz Jarogniew , Hug Gordon L. , Pietrzak Marek , Kozubek Halina , Paczkowski Jerzy , Marciniak Bronislaw 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe mechanism of the benzophenone‐sensitized photooxidation of phosphonium salts of (phenylthio)acetic acid was studied as a means for understanding how these salts function as coinitiators in the free‐radical photopolymerization of vinyl monomers. Both steady‐state and nanosecond flash photolytic methods were used to determine, in a quantitative manner, the mechanism of primary and secondary photoreactions for three quaternary phosphonium salts containing butyl and/or phenyl groups, i.e., P+(C4H9)4, P+(C4H9)(C6H5)3, and P+(C6H5)4. It was found that the initial polymerization rates were the same for all three phoshonium salts of (phenylthio)acetic acid and were equal to those found previously for tetralkyl ammonium salts. The polymerization rates were more than twice the rates found for direct initiation by benzophenone and by the benzophenone‐(phenylthio)acetic acid initiating system. These results correlate well with the large quantum yields of •CH2SC6H5 radicals (the main initiating radicals) found in the complementary photochemical investigation. It was found that a detailed knowledge of the photochemical reactions in the photoinitiating systems was critical to understand the kinetics of polymerization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 8013–8022, 2008
Cortex Lycii Radicis extracts improve insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in obese‐diabetic rats
Authors: Ye Zhen , Huang Qi , Ni Hai Xiang , Wang Dong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHere we evaluate the effects of ethanol and aqueous extracts from Cortex Lycii Radicis (CLR) on insulin resistance and lipid metabolism in obese‐diabetic rats, which were induced by high fat feeding for 3 weeks after injection with streptozotocin (STZ). Diabetic rats treated with ethanol or aqueous extracts of CLR at 15 and 30 g/kg dosage for 7 weeks, had decreased body weights, concentration of serum glucose, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), while the insulin‐sensitivity index (ISI) improved significantly compared with the control group. In addition, high contents of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and low adiponectin level were observed in the control group and levels of TNF‐α and IL‐6 in CLR groups showed obvious differences with the control group. Histopathologic examination also showed degrees of hepatocyte edema although hepatocyte ballooning degeneration was lessened in all CLR groups. Overall, ethanol extract from CLR seemed to be more effective than aqueous extracts in improving insulin resistance, resulted in elevating insulin sensitivity, adjusting glucose and lipid metabolism, correcting cytokines levels and ameliorating liver function, especially protecting the liver against lipoid degeneration. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lipase inhibitory activity in alcohol extracts of worldwide occurring plants and propolis
Authors: Möller Niels Peter , Roos Nils , Schrezenmeir Jürgen 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn the search for lipase inhibitory agents, 144 alcohol plant extracts and propolis were screened for pancreatic lipase activity in vitro using methods with methylresorufin and triolein as substrates. Ethanol extracts of Linum usitatissimum (oil flax) and Helianthus annuus (sunflower seeds) showed the strongest lipase inhibitory actions with ID50 values of 1:370 and 1:166, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxic effects of oral administration of extracts of dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. (Malvaceae)
Authors: Fakeye Titilayo O. , Pal Anirban , Bawankule D. U. , Yadav N. P. , Khanuja S. P. S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe effects of a 90‐day oral administration of water and alcohol extracts of dried calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa were evaluated in albino rats. Haematological, biochemical and histopathological changes were monitored every 30 days.The death of the animals was preceded by a severe loss in weight, accompanied with diarrhoea in animals on the 2000 mg/kg dose. There was an increase in food intake (g) per kg body weight per day in the aqueous (A) and ethanol (E) 300 mg/kg extract groups. Significant reductions in the erythrocyte count with no difference in total leucocyte count were observed. The activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was enhanced by the administration of aqueous and 50% ethanol extract with a significant increase in its level at higher doses (p < 0.05). Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine levels were significantly affected by all the extracts at the different dose levels. However, aqueous extracts exhibited a significant increase in creatinine levels (p < 0.05) at higher doses. The cholesterol levels were generally not significantly affected by the extracts. No significant histopathological changes were observed, although there was a significant reduction in the weight of the spleen of the animals administered with ethanol and water extracts when compared with the control (p < 0.01). Other organs were of the same relative weight. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toxicological studies of wogonin in experimental animals
Authors: Qi Qi , Peng Jian , Liu Wei , You Qidong , Yang Yong , Lu Na , Wang Guangji , Guo Qinglong 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWogonin, one active ingredient extract from the radix of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, is known to possess a broad spectrum of pharmacological, medicinal and therapeutic properties, especially the anticancer activity studied recently. However, no extensive safety studies have been conducted to date. In this paper, the acute and sub‐chronic toxicity of the agent were determined using albino mice and Sprague‐Dawley rats as animal models. Histopathological examination and viscera parameter investigation were also carried out after autopsy. The LD50 of wogonin administered by the intravenous injection was 286.15 mg/kg and the 95% confidence limit was 278.27–295.26 mg/kg. A long period of treatment with a high dose of wogonin (120 mg/kg) could induce heart injury in rats. These results provide a foundation for the further clinical investigation of this promising anticancer agent. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
20(S)‐ginsenoside Rg3, a neuroprotective agent, inhibits mitochondrial permeability transition pores in rat brain
Authors: Tian Jingwei , Zhang Shumin , Li Guisheng , Liu Zhifeng , Xu Benming 
Published: November 2008

AbstractGinseng, the root of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae), is a well‐known traditional Chinese herbal medicine. Ginsenosides, which are triterpene derivatives that contain sugar moieties, are the main active ingredients of ginseng. 20(S)‐Ginsenoside Rg3, a triterpene glycoside which chemically belongs to the protopanaxadiol ginsenoside group, is effective in attenuating brain infarction after cerebral ischemia, but the detailed mechanism is not known. This study examined the effect of 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rg3 on mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) in the rat brain. 20(S)‐Ginsenoside Rg3 at 2–16 µm inhibited Ca2+‐ and H2O2‐induced swelling of mitochondria isolated from rat brains. The addition of Ca2+ generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) in isolated mitochondria. 20(S)‐Ginsenoside Rg3 (2–16 µm) inhibited Ca2+ induced generation of ROS. At the same time, 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rg3 significantly improved mitochondrial energy metabolism, enhanced ATP levels and the respiratory control ratio. These results suggest that 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits the opening of MPTP by free radical scavenging action in the brain, and this implies that inhibition of MPTP may contribute to the neuroprotective effect of 20(S)‐ginsenoside Rg3. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artepillin C (ARC) in Brazilian green propolis selectively blocks oncogenic PAK1 signaling and suppresses the growth of NF tumors in mice
Authors: Messerli Shanta M. , Ahn Mok‐Ryeon , Kunimasa Kazuhiro , Yanagihara Miyako , Tatefuji Tomoki , Hashimoto Ken , Mautner Victor , Uto Yoshihiro , Hori Hitoshi , Kumazawa Shigenori , Kaji Kazuhiko , Ohta Toshiro , Maruta Hiroshi 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThere are mainly three types of propolis whose major anticancer ingredients are entirely different: (1) CAPE (caffeic acid phenethyl ester)‐based propolis in Europe, Far East and New Zealand, (2) artepillin C (ARC)‐based Brazilian green propolis and (3) Brazilian red propolis. It was shown previously that NF (neurofibromatosis)‐associated tumors require the kinase PAK1 for their growth, and CAPE‐based propolis extracts such as Bio 30 suppress completely the growth of NF tumors in vivo by blocking PAK1 signaling. Also it was demonstrated that ARC suppresses angiogenesis, suggesting the possibility that ARC also blocks oncogenic PAK1 signaling. Here it is shown for the first time that both ARC and green propolis extract (GPE) indeed block the PAK1 signaling selectively, without affecting another kinase known as AKT. Furthermore, it was confirmed that ARC as well as GPE suppress almost completely the growth of human NF tumor xenografts in mice, as does Bio 30. These results suggest that both CAPE‐based and ARC‐based propolis extracts are natural anti‐PAK1 remedies and could be among the first effective NF therapeutics available on the market. Since more than 70% of human cancers such as breast and prostate cancers require the kinase PAK1 for their growth, it is quite possible that GPE could be potentially useful for the treatment of these cancers, as is Bio 30. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.