bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The characteristics of beef patties containing different levels of fat and oat flour
Authors: Serdaroglu Meltem 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThree concentrations of oat flour (OF), 0, 2 and 4% (w/w), were added to beef patties which had either 5, 10 or 20% fat levels. Raw and cooked patties were analysed for protein, fat, moisture, ash and pH. Patties were further evaluated for cooking characteristics, colour parameters (L*, a*, b*) and sensory properties. Moisture content decreased in raw patties as a result of the addition of OF but OF increased the moisture content of cooked patties. OF addition did not change the protein, fat and ash contents of either raw or cooked patties. Increasing fat concentration decreased cooking yield. OF improved the cooking characteristics of patties. Reducing the fat significantly decreased the lightness values of patties. Patties with OF had slightly higher b* values than control treatments. Increasing fat level increased juiciness, flavour and texture scores and 4% OF increased the juiciness scores, OF had no effect on other sensory properties.
The comparative evaluation of the nutrient composition and sensory attributes of four vegetables cooked by different methods
Authors: Kala Arunachalam , Prakash Jamuna 
Published: October 2005

SummaryThe following four vegetables; beans (Phaseolus vulgaris var. vulgaris), brinjal (Solanum melongena var. esculentum), knol‐khol (Brassica oleracea var. caulorapa) and radish (Raphanus raphanistrum satvius) were processed either by conventional, pressure or microwave cooking methods and were analysed for their nutritional and sensory profile. Raw samples were used as controls. Microwave cooking resulted in greater moisture loss when compared with vegetables cooked by other methods. The protein, fat, total ash, calcium, phosphorus, iron, and dietary fibre contents of the vegetables did not differ significantly in raw or cooked vegetables. Ascorbic acid was destroyed to the greatest extent by pressure cooking followed by microwave and conventional method. The sensory attributes of cooked vegetables, as evaluated by a paired preference test, revealed that there were no significant differences between cooked radish and knol‐khol but, in the case of beans and brinjal, microwave and conventionally cooked samples were preferred over pressure cooked ones.
The effect of supplementing goats milk with whey protein concentrate on textural properties of set‐type yoghurt
Authors: Herrero Ana M. , Requena Teresa 
Published: October 2005

SummaryYoghurt was manufactured from goat's milk and supplemented with 30 g L−1 of whey protein concentrate (WPC). The textural properties of the yoghurt were evaluated during the shelf‐life of the product and the textural characteristics of yoghurt made from cow's milk were used as a reference. The instrumental analyses used were the puncture test, stress relaxation test and texture profile analysis. The addition of WPC to goat's milk enhanced the textural characteristics of yoghurt. These advantageous attributes included increased firmness, hardness and adhesiveness. These attributes were quantitatively similar (P > 0.05) to those obtained from yoghurt made from cow's milk. In addition, the textural properties were maintained constant throughout the shelf‐life of the product.
Skeleton Photoperiods Alter Delayed‐Type Hypersensitivity Responses and Reproductive Function of Siberian Hamsters (Phodopus sungorus)
Authors: Gatien M. L. , Hotchkiss A. K. , Dhabhar F. S. , Nelson R. J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPhotoperiod (day length) can modulate immune function. Whether these photoperiodic effects on immune function are mediated directly by a circadian photoperiodic time measurement system or indirectly by nonspecific (e.g. stressful) effects of light is unknown. To discriminate between these two possibilities, Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) were housed in either long or short photoperiods (LD 16 : 8 h or LD 8 : 16 h) or in ‘skeleton’ long or short photoperiods (LD 1 : 14 h: LD 1 : 8 h or LD 1 : 6 h: LD 1 : 16 h). In the skeleton photoperiods, both long‐ and short‐day animals received 2 h of light per day. After 10 weeks in their respective photoperiods, hamsters were tested for an antigen specific immune response using a delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) model. Reproductive and endocrine responses of hamsters in each of the skeleton photoperiods were equivalent to those in standard long or short days, respectively. Hamsters in skeleton short days and LD 8 : 16 increased DTH responses compared to hamsters in both long‐day groups. DTH responses were equivalent in both long‐day groups. These results suggest that the influences of day length on immune function potentially are due to circadian photoperiodic time measurement systems.
Impact of insecticide‐treated bed nets implementation on the genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in an area of irrigated rice fields in the Sahelian region of Cameroon
Authors: WONDJI C. , SIMARD F. , LEHMANN T. , FONDJO E. , SAMÈ‐EKOBO A. , FONTENILLE D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractVariation at 12 microsatellite loci was investigated to assess the impact of the implementation of insecticide‐treated bed nets (ITNs) on the genetic structure of Anopheles arabiensis in Simatou, a village surrounded by irrigated rice fields in the Sahelian area of Cameroon. The An. arabiensis population of Simatou was sampled twice before ITN implementation, and twice after. Effective population size estimates (Ne) were similar across each time point, except for the period closely following ITN introduction where a nonsignificant reduction was recorded. Hence, we believe that ITN implementation resulted in a temporary bottleneck, rapidly followed by a demographic expansion. The genetic diversity of the population was not significantly affected since different genetic parameters (allele number, observed and expected heterozygosities) remained stable. Low estimates of genetic differentiation between the populations from Simatou and Lagdo, separated by 300 km, suggested extensive gene flow among populations of An. arabiensis in the Sahelian region of Cameroon. A decrease in the susceptibility to deltamethrin was observed following ITN introduction, but no kdr mutation was detected and a metabolic resistance mechanism is probably involved. The temporary effect of ITNs on the genetic structure of An. arabiensis population suggests that, to optimize the success of any control programme of this species based on ITNs, the control area should be very large and the programme should be implemented for a long period of time.
Vasovagal reactions in blood donors during or immediately after blood donation
Authors: Zervou E. K. , Ziciadis K. , Karabini F. , Xanthi E. , Chrisostomou E. , Tzolou A. 
Published: October 2005

summary.  The aim of the study was to estimate the type, incidence and causes of donor adverse reactions during and after blood donation in a Greek Blood Bank, where medical staff is responsible for donor selection. 12 173 blood donors were studied for adverse reactions. One‐hundred and seven (0·87%) donors had a vasovagal reaction during or after blood donation. Donors who gave blood occasionally had a significant greater incidence of reactions compared with volunteer donors (1·15 versus 0·53%) (P < 0·001). There was no significant difference between men and women (0·85 versus 0·95%). First‐time donors (1·7 versus 0·68%) and those under 30 years (1·15 versus 0·71%] had a significant greater possibility to have a reaction (P < 0·001). Twenty‐two of 107 (20·5%) donors had a syncopal reaction. There was not a causative correlation of haematocrit, haemoglobin, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and weight in women (except weight in men) in developing a reaction. The stressing experience of phlebotomy was the reason for the higher frequency of a reaction.The incidence of reactions in our donors is lower than in other studies, and the possible reason for this is that only physicians are responsible for the selection of donors and trained personnel are careful of them during the donation process.
The age of stored red blood cell concentrates at the time of transfusion
Authors: Raat N. J. H. , Berends F. , Verhoeven A. J. , De Korte D. , Ince C. 
Published: October 2005

summary.  In the past decade, studies suggesting a reduced oxygen delivery by stored red blood cell concentrates (RBCCs) have initiated a discussion about the use of fresh versus old blood. We determined whether old RBCCs represent a significant part of the total of RBCCs issued. The age of RBCCs at the time of transfusion was determined in 74 084 units during a 5‐year period in the Academic Medical Center, a main Dutch University Hospital. The mean (±SD) storage time of the total number of transfused RBCC was 19·4 ± 7·0 days, and 37% were older than 3 weeks.As more than one‐third of the transfused RBCC units are stored for longer than 3 weeks, the research examining differences in oxygen delivery between fresh and stored RBCC is relevant for packed RBC transfusion practice.
Adhesive functions of both chains of VLA‐integrins are not fully conserved across the human–porcine species barrier: implications for xenotransplantation
Authors: Simon André R. , Dalla‐Riva Claudio , Kühn Christian , Tessmann Rene , Meder Ingrid , Martin Ulrich , Haverich Axel 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:  Background:  A possible solution to the shortage of organs for transplantation would be the use of swine as source animals. As current immunosuppressive protocols cannot prevent rejection of these organs, super‐selective immunosuppression or the induction of donor‐specific central tolerance represent two promising approaches. Central tolerance induction involves bone marrow transplantation, and depends on intrathymic deletion of donor reactive host cells by donor antigen‐presenting cells. In super‐selective immunosuppression, the aim would be to block specific adhesive interactions on one species side only, leaving the other species side unaffected. As both processes depend on the interaction of adhesion molecules with their ligands, we investigated whether the β1‐integrins, which play roles in hematopoiesis as well as in rejection, can successfully interact across the swine‐to‐human species barrier.Methods:  We employed static cell‐to‐extracellular protein and cell‐to‐cell adhesion assays, using different cell types and monoclonal antibody as well as peptide‐fragments to analyze conservation of cross‐species adhesive interactions.Results:  We found that porcine and human cells interact differently with their cross‐species ligands than their own and that the adhesive function of the β1‐chain does not seem to be fully conserved across the species barrier.Conclusions:  Integrin functions are not fully conserved across the pig‐to‐human species barrier. While the development of multi‐transgenic pigs, whose integrins interact with human ligands in a more ‘‘human‐like’’ manner may be necessary to facilitate tolerance induction, these facts give rise to new possibilities concerning super‐selective immunosuppression.
DNA sequence based typing of swine leukocyte antigens in Yucatan Miniature Pigs
Authors: Smith Douglas M. , Martens Gregory W. , Ho Chak S. , Asbury Jeffrey M. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract:  Background:  We have established a breeding program to develop additional lines of swine leukocyte antigens (SLA) homozygous miniature pigs derived from the Yucatan Miniature Pig. Yucatan pigs have been used extensively in biomedical research since the 1970s and are known for their docile nature and small size. The breed has no consanguinity with the Hormel or Pittman‐Moore breeds used to produce the NIH Miniature Pigs, the only other SLA homozygous miniature pigs in the USA.Methods:  SLA typing was initially done by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Then a cDNA library was constructed using spleen cells from these pigs, from which we cloned and sequenced nearly all alleles for the SLA‐1, 3, 2, 6, DRB1, DQA and DQB1 loci.Results:  Four SLA homozygous lines were established with haplotypes that we have designated ‘w, x, y and z’. An SLA class I/II crossover haplotype, designated ‘q’, with the SLA class I alleles of ‘w’ and the SLA class II alleles of ‘z’ was discovered and used to establish a fifth line. The cDNA sequences were used to develop locus specific primers for each locus and an reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction sequence based typing (SBT) method. We have used this method to perform SBT on SLA homozygous Yucatan pigs with these haplotypes and on the NIH pig ‘a, c and d’ haplotypes.Conclusions:  These pig lines represent a new resource for transplantation research and the methods we describe can be used to SLA type any herd of pigs.
The evaluation of propofol dosage for anesthesia induction in children with cerebral palsy with bispectral index (BIS) monitoring
Authors: SARICAOGLU F. , CELEBI N. , CELIK M. , AYPAR U. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  We designed a randomized prospective study to investigate whether developmentally delayed children with cerebral palsy (CP) need a lower dosage of propofol for induction than normal children using bispectral index (BIS) monitoring criteria.Methods:  After approval by the University Ethical Committee and written informed consent obtained from parents, 20 children with noncommunicative/nonverbal CP and 20 normal children requiring general anesthesia for elective orthopedic surgery were enrolled in the study. The patients were not premedicated. BIS leads were placed before the induction of anesthesia. Propofol was administered at a rate of 20 mg·30 s−1 (i.e. 40 mg·min−1).When BIS value had reached a steady number of 35–45, infusion was stopped.Results:  There was no significant difference between Group N and Group CP in age and sex distribution (P > 0.05), however children in Group CP weighed less than Group N (P = 0.05). The propofol dosage for induction was significantly lower in Group CP than Group N (P = 0.03). There were no differences in propofol doses administered to children using anticonvulsants and those not on anticonvulsants in Group CP. BIS values were comparable between the two groups (i.e. Group N and Group CP) at baseline and after propofol administration.Conclusions:  Our data suggest that noncommunicative/nonverbal children with CP require less propofol to obtain the same BIS values (i.e. 35–45) than do otherwise healthy children.
Parents’ willingness to pay for diminishing children's pain during blood sampling
Authors: WASSERFALLEN JEAN‐BLAISE , CURRAT‐ZWEIFEL CHRISTINE , CHESEAUX JEAN‐JACQUES , HOFER MICHAEL , FANCONI SERGIO 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  Blood sampling is a frequent medical procedure, very often considered as a stressful experience by children. Local anesthetics have been developed, but are expensive and not reimbursed by insurance companies in our country. We wanted to assess parents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for this kind of drug.Patients and methods:  Over 6 months, all parents of children presenting for general (GV) or specialized visit (SV) with blood sampling. WTP was assessed through three scenarios [avoiding blood sampling (ABS), using the drug on prescription (PD), or over the counter (OTC)], with a payment card system randomized to ascending or descending order of prices (AO or DO).Results:  Fifty‐six responses were collected (34 GV, 22 SV, 27 AO and 29 DO), response rate 40%. Response distribution was wide, with median WTP of €40 for ABS, €25 for PD, €10 for OTC, which is close to the drug's real price. Responses were similar for GV and SV. Median WTP amounted to 0.71, 0.67, 0.20% of respondents’ monthly income for the three scenarios, respectively, with a maximum at 10%.Conclusions:  Assessing parents’ WTP in an outpatient setting is difficult, with wide result distribution, but median WTP is close to the real drug price. This finding could be used to promote insurance coverage for this drug.
Perioperative care of the child with arthrogryposis
Authors: MARTIN SAM , TOBIAS JOSEPH D. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) is a congenital symptom complex characterized by multiple joint contractures. AMC results from fetal akinesia due to extrinsic factors (oligohydramnios) or primary neurogenic or myopathic conditions of the fetus.Methods:  We retrospectively reviewed our perioperative experience in 12 patients with AMC.Results:  Intraoperative issues noted in our patients included difficulties with peripheral IV placement (n = 3), difficult tracheal intubation (n = 4), and intraoperative hyperthermia (n = 4). Difficulties with peripheral IV placement were more common in younger patients (2.3 ± 0.6 vs 9.2 ± 3.5 years). Although easy bag‐valve‐mask ventilation was present in all 12 patients, difficulty with tracheal intubation was noted in four patients. In these four patients, the airway was secured using an LMA (n = 3) or a facemask (n = 1). The patients in whom difficulties with tracheal intubation were encountered were older than patients in whom no difficulties were noted (11.0 ± 2.9 vs 5.8 ± 3.9 years). Four patients developed intraoperative temperatures ≥37°C; however, there was no evidence of hypercarbia or tachycardia suggestive of malignant hyperthermia. Postoperative issues included stridor (n = 2) and postoperative atelectasis (n = 3).Conclusions:  The perioperative care of patients with AMC should consider not only the physical manifestations of the disease process, but also the implications of the underlying neuromuscular disease. The most common perioperative issues included difficulties with airway management, problematic intravenous access, and intraoperative hyperthermia.
Incidents and complications during pediatric cardiac catheterization
Authors: BENNETT DAVINIA , MARCUS RITCHIE , STOKES MONICA 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground:  Cardiac catheterization has revolutionized the management of pediatric cardiac disease. There has been little information on adverse events during these cases from an anesthesia viewpoint. The aim of this audit was to determine the incident rate during pediatric cardiac catheterization as contemporaneously reported by the anesthetist and to identify both the types of events and which procedures had the highest risk.Methods:  Since 1993, data have been collected prospectively on an audit form for every anesthetic given in our institution, and in‐theatre events were recorded on this form. We have reviewed the data collected on pediatric cardiac catheterizations over a period of 9 years.Results:  A total of 4454 cardiac catheterizations were recorded. The overall incidence of events was 9.3%. Cardiac catheterization with occlusion of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) or a secundum atrial septal defect (ASD) had the lowest event rate at 4.2%. The figure for cardiac catheterization with other therapeutic interventions was 11.6 and 9.3% for solely diagnostic cardiac catheterization. The event rate in infants under the age of 1 year was 13.9% compared with 6.7% for those children over the age of 1 year. Of the 253 reports from cardiac catheterizations that could be analyzed further, there were 91 major complications including four deaths, 72 minor complications and 90 other incidents.Conclusions:  Adverse events occur more commonly during cardiac catheterization than during pediatric anesthesia in general. Cases with highest risk are those in the under 1 year olds and those including a therapeutic intervention other than PDA or ASD occlusion.
A Cost–Effectiveness Analysis of a Hypothetical Catheter‐Based Strategy for the Detection and Treatment of Vulnerable Coronary Plaques with Drug‐Eluting Stents
Authors: BOSCH JOHANNA L. , BEINFELD MOLLY T. , MULLER JAMES E. , BRADY THOMAS , GAZELLE G. SCOTT 
Published: October 2005

Aim: Extensive efforts are underway to develop methods for the detection and treatment of vulnerable/high‐risk coronary artery plaques. We utilized decision analysis to evaluate the hypothetical clinical benefits and cost–effectiveness of a catheter‐based strategy.Methods and Results: Currently, stenotic coronary plaques are treated without regard to vulnerability. In a new strategy, vulnerable coronary plaques are detected with a catheter‐based test and treated with a drug‐eluting stent, regardless of degree of stenosis. A Markov‐decision model was developed to compare the new strategy with current practice. Monte Carlo simulations were performed from a societal perspective, costs were converted to year 2003 U.S. dollars, and future costs and outcomes were discounted at 3%. Sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the effect of assumptions on variables such as the prevalence of vulnerable plaques and treatment effect. In 60‐year‐old male patients with coronary stenoses the new strategy would be less expensive and more effective than current practice ($37,045 vs $38,257 and 10.23 vs 9.86 quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs), respectively). The benefits of the new strategy were robust in sensitivity analyses (e.g., if the prevalence of vulnerable plaques in this patient group was 50% or more and the sensitivity and specificity of the new test were at least 0.80).Conclusion: In selected patients with coronary artery stenosis, the detection of vulnerable plaques with a catheter‐based test followed by their treatment with a drug‐eluting stent could be a less expensive and more effective strategy than current practice. If applied to 1 million such patients in the United States undergoing catheterization, the new strategy would add 370,000 QALYs and save $1.2 billion dollars per year.
Tumor necrosis factor‐α promoter polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Chung‐Ji , Wong Yong‐Kie , Chang Kuo‐Wei , Chang Hsiao‐Ching , Liu Hsin‐Fu , Lee Yann‐Jinn 
Published: October 2005

Background:  Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading cancers in most Asian countries. Alterations of immune function have been detected in OSCC patients. The pro‐inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) is a central mediator of the immune response involved in a wide range of immuno‐inflammatory and infectious diseases. Polymorphism of the TNF‐α gene has been intensively studied as a potential determinant of susceptibility to numerous cancers.Methods:  We genotyped 192 patients with OSCC and 146 healthy case controls by using polymerase chain reaction‐double restriction fragment length polymorphism with amplification‐created restriction sites to assess allelic determinants at the TNF‐α polymorphic sites −308 and −238 in the promoter region. Genotype frequencies were evaluated with Fisher's test.Results:  The −308 TNFG (tumor necrosis factor G) allele genotype was higher in patients with OSCC (91.2% vs. 82.2%; P = 0.02) and TNFG/A was lower (8.3% vs. 11.8%; P = 0.02); the −238 TNFG/A allele genotype was lower in patient with OSCC (2.1% vs. 6.9%; P = 0.02).Conclusion:  This is the first report that the TNF‐α polymorphism is associated with the risk for OSCC in Taiwan.