bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic benefit of oregano oil in the acute idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats: Adverse effects of high dose of oreganum
Authors: Suljević Damir , Fočak Muhamed , Škrijelj Rifat , Mitrašinović‐Brulić Maja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractToxicity caused by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) can lead to serious liver injury. The aim of the study is to investigate the protective effects of oregano oil (Origanum minutiflorum extract oil) against CCl4‐induced liver injury. Two doses of oregano oil were used in the experiment: a low dose (LD; 20 mg/kg) and a high dose (HD; 60 mg/kg) during 2 weeks. CCl4 caused severe liver damage, nucleolus destruction in hepatocytes and cytogenetic changes in the nucleus. Indirectly, CCl4 causes decreased protein synthesis and significantly high creatinine and urea values. Hematological disorders have been recorded, such as decreased RBC and hemoglobin concentration, increased WBC and deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. Both doses of oregano oil had protective effects. Improved protein synthesis and high globulins level, creatinine and urea were found in both groups. Cytogenetic changes in the nucleus of hepatocytes were reduced. A high dose of oregano oil had maximal protective effects for RBC, but a very weak effect on hemoglobin synthesis. Also, WBC and lymphocyte values were low. Origanum stimulates protein synthesis and recovery of hepatocytes after liver injury, reduces the deformability of the erythrocyte membrane. High doses of oregano oil decreased WBC and lymphocytes which may lead to a weakening of the immune response. However, high doses are more effective against severe platelet aggregation than low doses, suggesting an effective treatment against thrombocytosis.
Can lithium be used in the setting of clozapine commencement in patients with COVID‐19 associated neutropenia: A case report
Authors: Tan Jin Quan Eugene , Dawson Jessica L. , Bastiampillai Tarun 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageCOVID‐19 infection may increase the likelihood of neutropenia in patients already on clozapine. In clozapine treated patients experiencing COVID‐19 associated neutropenia, adjunct therapy with lithium can be considered.
Surface Engineering of the Mechanical Properties of Molecular Crystals via an Atomistic Model for Computing the Facet Stress Response of Solids
Authors: Almehairbi Mubarak , Joshi Vikram C. , Irfan Ahamad , Saeed Zeinab M. , Alkhidir Tamador , Abdelhaq Aya M. , Managutti Praveen B. , Dhokale Bhausaheb , Jadhav Thaksen , Calvin Sun Changquan , Mohamed Sharmarke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDynamic molecular crystals are an emerging class of crystalline materials that can respond to mechanical stress by dissipating internal strain in a number of ways. Given the serendipitous nature of the discovery of such crystals, progress in the field requires advances in computational methods for the accurate and high–throughput computation of the nanomechanical properties of crystals on specific facets which are exposed to mechanical stress. Here, we develop and apply a new atomistic model for computing the surface elastic moduli of crystals on any set of facets of interest using dispersion–corrected density functional theory (DFT−D) methods. The model was benchmarked against a total of 24 reported nanoindentation measurements from a diverse set of molecular crystals and was found to be generally reliable. Using only the experimental crystal structure of the dietary supplement, L–aspartic acid, the model was subsequently applied under blind test conditions, to correctly predict the growth morphology, facet and nanomechanical properties of L–aspartic acid to within the accuracy of the measured elastic stiffness of the crystal, 24.53±0.56 GPa. This work paves the way for the computational design and experimental realization of other functional molecular crystals with tailor–made mechanical properties.
Near‐Infrared‐II Nanomaterials for Activatable Photodiagnosis and Phototherapy
Authors: Jiang Wanying , Lin Lisheng , Wu Ping , Lin Hongxin , Sui Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNear‐Infrared‐II (NIR‐II) spans wavelengths between 1,000 to 1,700 nanometers, featuring deep tissue penetration and reduced tissue scattering and absorption characteristics, providing robust support for cancer treatment and tumor imaging research. This review explores the utilization of activatable NIR‐II photodiagnosis and phototherapy based on tumor microenvironments (e. g., reactive oxygen species, pH, glutathione, hypoxia) and external stimulation (e. g., laser, ultrasound, photothermal) for precise tumor treatment and imaging. Special emphasis is placed on the advancements and advantages of activatable NIR‐II nanomedicines in novel therapeutic modalities like photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, and photoacoustic imaging. This encompasses achieving deep tumor penetration, real‐time monitoring of the treatment process, and obtaining high‐resolution, high signal‐to‐noise ratio images even at low material concentrations. Lastly, from a clinical perspective, the challenges faced by activatable NIR‐II phototherapy are discussed, alongside potential strategies to overcome these hurdles.
Nucleic Acid Materials‐Mediated Innate Immune Activation for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Xu Xinyu , Hong Yuxuan , Fan Huanhuan , Guo Zijian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAbnormally localized nucleic acids (NAs) are considered as pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) in innate immunity. They are recognized by NAs‐specific pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the activation of associated signaling pathways and subsequent production of type I interferons (IFNs) and pro‐inflammatory cytokines, which further trigger the adaptive immunity. Notably, NAs‐mediated innate immune activation is highly dependent on the conformation changes, especially the aggregation of PRRs. Evidence indicates that the characteristics of NAs including their length, concentration and even spatial structure play essential roles in inducing the aggregation of PRRs. Therefore, nucleic acid materials (NAMs) with high valency of NAs and high‐order structures hold great potential for activating innate and adaptive immunity, making them promising candidates for cancer immunotherapy. In recent years, a variety of NAMs have been developed and have demonstrated significant efficacy in achieving satisfactory anti‐tumor immunity in multiple mouse models, exhibiting huge potential for clinical application in cancer treatment. This review aims to discuss the mechanisms of NAMs‐mediated innate immune response, and summarize their applications in cancer immunotherapy.
Mechanisms underlying the gut–brain communication: How enterochromaffin (EC) cells activate vagal afferent nerve endings in the small intestine
Authors: Spencer Nick J. , Kyloh Melinda A. , Travis Lee , Hibberd Timothy J 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHow the gastrointestinal tract communicates with the brain, via sensory nerves, is of significant interest for our understanding of human health and disease. Enterochromaffin (EC) cells in the gut mucosa release a variety of neurochemicals, including the largest quantity of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT) in the body. How 5‐HT and other substances released from EC cells activate sensory nerve endings in the gut wall remains a major unresolved mystery. We used in vivo anterograde tracing from nodose ganglia to determine the spatial relationship between 5‐HT synthesizing and peptide‐YY (PYY)‐synthesizing EC cells and their proximity to vagal afferent nerve endings that project to the mucosa of mouse small intestine. The shortest mean distances between single 5‐HT‐ and PYY‐synthesizing EC cells and the nearest vagal afferent nerve endings in the mucosa were 33.1 ± 14.4 µm (n = 56; N = 6) and 70.3 ± 32.3 µm (n = 16; N = 6). No morphological evidence was found to suggest that 5‐HT‐ or PYY‐containing EC cells form close morphological associations with vagal afferents endings, or varicose axons of passage. The large distances between EC cells and vagal afferent endings are many hundreds of times greater than those known to underlie synaptic transmission in the nervous system (typically 10–15 nm). Taken together, the findings lead to the inescapable conclusion that communication between 5‐HT‐containing EC cells and vagal afferent nerve endings in the mucosa of the mouse small intestinal occurs in a paracrine fashion, via diffusion.New and Noteworthy None of the findings here are consistent with a view that close physical contacts occur between 5‐HT‐containing EC cells and vagal afferent nerve endings in mouse small intestine. Rather, the findings suggest that gut–brain communication between EC cells and vagal afferent endings occurs via passive diffusion. The morphological data presented do not support the view that EC cells are physically close enough to vagal afferent endings to communicate via fast synaptic transmission.
Research on PSO‐SVM base wine grade recognition based on Max‐Relevance and Min‐Redundancy feature selection
Authors: Yang Jiaping , Ren Dongping , Liu Yong , Zhou Hailong , Sun Yunquan 
Published: April 2024

SummaryIn response to the challenges inherent in Baijiu classification, characterized by ambiguity and limited methodologies, this study introduces a novel framework for comprehensive Baijiu brewing process management. By integrating mathematical models and machine learning algorithms, our aim is to standardize and enhance the accuracy of the Baijiu brewing process. Through a meticulous analysis of 13 input features using the MRMR algorithm, we identified key variables that significantly influence base wine grades. Subsequently, we compared the efficacy of support vector machine (SVM) algorithms under three kernel functions for base wine grading classification. Additionally, we developed an enhanced particle swarm‐support vector machine (IPSO‐SVM) algorithm, which incorporates nonlinearly decreasing inertia weights to enhance global and local search capabilities. Evaluation metrics, including accuracy and F1‐SCORE, were employed to assess the model's performance. Our experimental results demonstrate that IPSO‐SVM significantly improves convergence speed and accuracy, achieving a classification accuracy of 98.31% on the test set with an F1‐SCORE of 98.18%. Furthermore, experimental tests conducted at a prominent strong‐flavored wine enterprise in China validated the model's effectiveness, revealing no significant difference in grading quality between model and manual Baijiu classification, with a mean error below 1%. This study presents a pioneering approach to digitize and standardize Baijiu classification processes, laying theoretical foundations for the development of intelligent Baijiu classification systems.
Analysis of factors influencing market participation among orange‐fleshed sweet potato smallholder farmers in southern region of Malawi: A case of RTC project
Authors: Chikhawo McDonald , Katengeza Samson , Okello Julius J. , Phiri M. Alexander. R. , Chipungu Felistus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAgricultural markets remain major issue downgrading root and tuber crop farmers who form the mainstream of the agricultural producers in Malawi. Recent evidence however reveals that orange‐fleshed sweet potato (OFSP) (Ipomea batatas) is currently being sold in produce markets along with the non‐orange varieties, sometimes in differentiated form in Malawi. The main objective of this study was to examine factors affecting market participation of sweet potato farmers in southern region of Malawi. Using a double‐hurdle model, this paper analyzed both the factors affecting farmer decision to participate and the extent/intensity of participation in market. The first tier of the double hurdle focused on decision to participate in the market using probit model and the second tier addressed factors affecting intensity of participation using truncated normal regression model. The paper used data collected from 360 farmers in southern districts of Malawi. Out of 360, 146 farmers had grown OFSP in the season preceding the survey. Double hurdle results indicate that farm size, output, age of a farmer (household head), and early maturing trait significantly determined decision to participate in the market. Further, results on intensity of participation indicate that access to market training, farm size, asset value, and output positively determined the intensity and negatively determined by distance to main market and gender of a farmer (household head). Based on the research findings, higher output levels and early maturing trait were found to increase smallholder farmer market participation. It is therefore recommended that strategies aimed at increasing household capacity to produce surplus produce through market tailored extension messages and productivity enhancement technologies could be highly effective in fostering smallholders' participation in commercial markets. Again, enhanced capacity building of research institutions to breed sweet potato varieties based on market demand is pivotal for increased market participation. Furthermore, research suggests that improving smallholder farmers' access to market price information, asset value, and farm size can help increase their intensity in the market. Therefore, it is critical for policymakers to holistically comprehend these socioeconomic factors in order to address the issue of smallholder farm households' decisions about market participation and the degree to which they participate.
Hydrogenolysis of Poly(Ethylene‐co‐Vinyl Alcohol) and Related Polymer Blends over Ruthenium Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Oberhausen Christine M. , Mahajan Jignesh S. , Sun Jessie A. , Epps Thomas H. , Korley LaShanda T. J. , Vlachos Dionisios G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe hydrogenolysis of polymers is emerging as a promising approach to deconstruct plastic waste into valuable chemicals. Yet, the complexity of plastic waste, including multilayer packaging, is a significant barrier to handling realistic waste streams. Herein, we reveal fundamental insights into a new chemical route for transforming a previously unaddressed fraction of plastic waste – poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl alcohol) (EVOH) and related polymer blends – into alkane products. We report that Ru/ZrO2 is active for the concurrent hydrogenolysis, hydrogenation, and hydrodeoxygenation of EVOH and its thermal degradation products into alkanes (C1−C35) and water. Detailed reaction data, product analysis, and catalyst characterization reveal that the in‐situ thermal degradation of EVOH forms aromatic intermediates that are detrimental to catalytic activity. Increased hydrogen pressure promotes hydrogenation of these aromatics, preventing catalyst deactivation and improving alkane product yields. Calculated apparent rates of C−C scission reveal that the hydrogenolysis of EVOH is slower than low‐density polyethylene. We apply these findings to achieve hydrogenolysis of EVOH/polyethylene blends and elucidate the sensitivity of hydrogenolysis catalysts to such blends. Overall, we demonstrate progress towards efficient catalytic processes for the hydroconversion of waste multilayer film plastic packaging into valuable products.
Pancreatic stent migration into the main pancreatic duct during endoscopic papillary balloon dilation
Authors: Murabayashi Toji , Kawabata Mayu , Sugimoto Shinya 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe report the first case of pancreatic stent (PS) migration placed early into the main pancreatic duct (MPD) during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) due to subsequent endoscopic papillary balloon dilation. A 74‐year‐old woman who complained of fever and abdominal pain was diagnosed with acute calculous cholangitis. On ERCP, a needle‐knife precut papillotomy was performed from the orifice because of difficult cannulation. Because of unintentional guidewire insertion into the MPD from the orifice, a PS with bilateral flaps was promptly placed to prevent post‐ERCP pancreatitis. After successful biliary cannulation from the orifice alongside the PS, endoscopic papillary balloon dialtion was performed, leading to PS migration into the MPD during the dilation. Two days after the first ERCP, the migrated PS was successfully removed on the second ERCP. The strategy of early PS placement in the ERCP session appears theoretically promising for preventing post‐ERCP pancreatitis. However, early PS placement during the ERCP session should be noted to pose the risk of migration into the MPD, especially when pushing the device into the bile duct.
Feasibility of comprehensive genomic profiling using endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition with a 22‐gauge Franseen needle
Authors: Ishigaki Kazunaga , Nakai Yousuke , Endo Go , Kurihara Kohei , Ishida Kota , Tange Shuichi , Fukuda Rintaro , Takaoka Shinya , Tokito Yurie , Suzuki Yukari , Oyama Hiroki , Kanai Sachiko , Suzuki Tatsunori , Sato Tatsuya , Hakuta Ryunosuke , Saito Tomotaka , Hamada Tsuyoshi , Takahara Naminatsu , Shinozaki‐Ushiku Aya , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimComprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) test for solid tumors is now increasingly utilized in clinical practice, especially in pancreatobiliary cancer, and specimens obtained by endoscopic ultrasound‐guided tissue acquisition (EUS‐TA) are often submitted for tissue‐based CGP test. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of EUS‐TA using a 22‐gauge Franseen needle for the CGP test.MethodsConsecutive patients with solid tumors who underwent EUS‐TA using a 22‐gauge Franseen needle, and whose tissue samples were pre‐checked for suitability for CGP test, were included in this single‐center, retrospective analysis. The success rates of appropriate sample collection for CGP evaluated by pathologists (1st quality control) and CGP test (2nd quality control) were evaluated. In addition, The EUS‐TA slides were evaluated for the tissue area and tumor area content, using the image software.ResultsA total of 50 cases, with 78% of pancreatic cancer, were included in the analysis. A median of 3 passes of EUS‐TA were performed with an adverse event rate of 4%. The success rates for 1st and 2nd quality control for CGP tests were 86% and 76%, respectively. The image analyses suggested EUS‐TA specimen did not always fulfill CGP test criteria, with 18% of tissue area ≥16 mm2 and 38% of tumor area content ≥20%, even in cases with successful CGP tests. The suction method yielded a significantly larger amount of DNA but without a significant difference in the multivariate analysis.ConclusionsThe present study demonstrated the feasibility of EUS‐TA using a 22‐gauge Franseen needle for CGP test.
Weight gained during treatment predicts 6‐month body mass index in a large sample of patients with anorexia nervosa using ensemble machine learning
Authors: Frank Guido K. W. , Stoddard Joel J. , Brown Tiffany , Gowin Josh , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study used machine learning methods to analyze data on treatment outcomes from individuals with anorexia nervosa admitted to a specialized eating disorders treatment program.MethodsOf 368 individuals with anorexia nervosa (209 adolescents and 159 adults), 160 individuals had data available for a 6‐month follow‐up analysis. Participants were treated in a 6‐day‐per‐week partial‐hospital program. Participants were assessed for eating disorder‐specific and non‐specific psychopathology. The analyses used established machine learning procedures combined in an ensemble model from support vector machine learning, random forest prediction, and the elastic net regularized regression with an exploration (training; 75%) and confirmation (test; 25%) split of the data.ResultsThe models predicting body mass index (BMI) at 6‐month follow‐up explained a 28.6% variance in the training set (n = 120). The model had good performance in predicting 6‐month BMI in the test dataset (n = 40), with predicted BMI significantly correlating with actual BMI (r = .51, p = 0.01). The change in BMI from admission to discharge was the most important predictor, strongly correlating with reported BMI at 6‐month follow‐up (r = .55). Behavioral variables were much less predictive of BMI outcome. Results were similar for z‐transformed BMI in the adolescent‐only group. Length of stay was most predictive of weight gain in treatment (r = .56) but did not predict longer‐term BMI.ConclusionsThis study, using an agnostic ensemble machine learning approach in the largest to‐date sample of individuals with anorexia nervosa, suggests that achieving weight gain goals in treatment predicts longer‐term weight‐related outcomes. Other potential predictors, personality, mood, or eating disorder‐specific symptoms were relatively much less predictive.Public SignificanceThe results from this study indicate that the amount of weight gained during treatment predicts BMI 6 months after discharge from a high level of care. This suggests that patients require sufficient time in a higher level of care treatment to meet their specific weight goals and be able to maintain normal weight.
Association of lactate/albumin ratio with 3‐month readmission risk in heart failure patients: a retrospective study
Authors: Sun Hui , Wang Baiqiang , An Guipeng , Zhang Yun , Ma Lianyue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThe predictive value of the lactate/albumin ratio (LAR) in mortality is established in various conditions, yet its relevance to 3‐month readmission risk in Chinese adults with heart failure (HF) remains unclear.Method and resultsAnalysing data from 957 patients with HF at Zigong Fourth People's Hospital, Sichuan, China (December 2016 to June 2019), we assessed baseline characteristics, vital signs, comorbidities, and prescriptions. LAR demonstrated a linear correlation with 3‐month readmission risk (HR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.19–2.16). Tertile 3 (≥−0.48) exhibited higher risk than tertile 1 (<−0.83) and tertile 2 [−0.83, −0.48), with HRs and 95% CI of 1.49 (1.06–2.10), 1.43 (1.01–2.02), 1.48 (1.03–2.12), respectively. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses affirmed consistent influence of LAR on 3‐month readmission risk for HF.ConclusionsHigher LAR significantly correlates with increased 3‐month readmission risk in Chinese adult patients with HF, suggesting LAR is a valuable predictor for early readmission.