bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Charge Carrier Transport Properties of Organopolysilanes and Their Application to Xerographic Photoreceptor
Authors: Yokoyama Kenji , Yokoyama Masaaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Aiming application of the high hole drift mobility in organopolysilanes, the organopolysilane-based organic layered photoreceptors for electrophotography have been developed with phthalocyanine pigments as a photo-generating material. The photoreceptor combined with titanylphthalocyanine exhibited the high sensitivity of 1.8 cm2 (μJ)−1 at 780 nm and fairly good stability, suggesting the possibility for practical use of organopolysilanes.
Preparation and Characterization of BiM2X5 (M = Ti, Nb, Ta; X = S, Se), New Composite-Layered Chalcogenides
Authors: Oosawa Yoshinao , Gotoh Yoshito , Onoda Mitsuko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A few BiM2X5-type of chalcogenides(BiTi2S5, BiNb2S5, BiTa2S5, BiNb2Se5) have been prepared from the elements. On the basis of powder X-ray diffraction, it is suggested that they have composite-layered structure in which a BiX layer and two adjacent BX2 layers are stacked alternately. Intercalation of hydrazine into BiM2X5 has been observed.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Agelasidine C, a Physiologically Active Marine Diterpenoid with Hypotaurocyamine Group
Authors: Asao Kazuhiko , Iio Hideo , Tokoroyama Takashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The introduction of hypotaurocyamine unit to terpenic chain was examined using farnesyl bromide as a model compound and this was feasible by chemoselective oxidation of the derived sulfide by peracid. By the application of the method thus established, a total synthesis of agelasidine C has been accomplished.
Excellent Stereoregular Isotactic Polymerizations of Propylene with C2-Symmetric Silylene-Bridged Metallocene Catalysts
Authors: Mise Takaya , Miya Shinya , Yamazaki Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
New C2-symmetric silylene-bridged metallocene compounds, [Me2Si(η5-RnC5H4−n)(η5-R′nC5H4−n)]MCl2 (M = Zr, Hf; Rn, R′n = Me, t-Bu, 2,4-Me, 2,3,5-Me3), were synthesized together with C1-symmetric ones (M = Zr, Hf; Rn = 2,3,5-Me3, 2,4-Me2, 3,4-Me2, t-Bu, Me; R′n = Me, H) for comparison and employed as the catalysts for isotactic polymerization of propylene in combination with methylaluminoxane. The C2-symmetric metallocenes bearing methyl groups at 2- or 5-positions gave polymers of the highest melting point (160–163 °C) and stereospecificity ([mmmm]: 97–99%).
Lewis Acid-Mediated Carbon–Carbon Bond Forming Reaction Using the Pummerer Rearrangement Products from Chiral β-Hydroxy Sulfoxides
Authors: Kosugi Hiroshi , Watanabe Yasuyuki , Uda Hisashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The Pummerer rearrangement products, obtained from (RC,RS)-β-hydroxy sulfoxide derivatives, react with silyl enol ethers or a ketene silyl acetal in the presence of ZnBr2 to give the γ-hydroxy- β-tolylthio carbonyl derivatives, which, in turn, are converted to optically pure (E)-γ-hydroxy-α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds and 5-substituted 2(5H)-furanones, respectively.
Aggregation States and Electro-optical Properties Based on Light Scattering of Polymer/(Liquid Crystal) Composite Films
Authors: Kajiyama Tisato , Miyamoto Akira , Kikuchi Hirotsugu , Morimura Yasuhiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Electro-optical properties based on light scattering controlled by a.c. electric field were investigated for polymer/(liquid crystal) composite films. Scanning electron microscopic observation for the matrix polymer after extraction of LC with methanol exhibited that LC molecules were continuously embedded in a three-dimensional spongy network of polymer matrix. Such a membrane system with many optical interfaces plays an important role on light scattering without an imposed electric field. A high contrast of light-switching was observed; 3% transmittance of the as-cast composite film changed to 81% with the response time of 0.3 ms in the case of an applied 250 Vp-p a.c. electric field of 10 kHz at 333 K.
Structures of Eudesmagnolol and Eudeshonokiol, Novel Sesquiterpene-Neolignans Isolated from Magnolia obovata
Authors: Fukuyama Yoshiyasu , Otoshi Yukio , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Kodama Mitsuaki , Sugawara Michiharu , Nagasawa Masakazu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Eudesmagnolol and eudeshonokiol, isolated from the bark of Magnolia obovata, have been assigned to unprecedented structures linked via an ether bond between sesquiterpene, eudesmol, and neolignans, magnolol and honokiol, respectively.
Correlation between Gas Sensitivity and Crystallite Size in Porous SnO2-Based Sensors
Authors: Xu Chaonan , Tamaki Jun , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The gas sensing properties of SnO2-based sensors in which the size of SnO2 crystallites was controlled by various dopants were investigated. It was found that the gas sensitivity to H2, CO or i-C4H10 increased as the SnO2 crystallite size decreased in the range below 10 nm. Quite high gas sensitivity was achieved at a crystallite size of ca. 5 nm.
Capture and Recovery of Basic Nitrogen Species in Coal Tar Pitch, Using Nickel Sulfate as Adsorbent
Authors: Mochida Isao , Fei You Qing , Sakanishi Kinya , Usuba Hidehiko , Miura Kunio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Nitrogen heterocyclic species in methanol insoluble–toluene soluble (MI-TS;N = 0.8%) fraction in coal tar pitch was eliminated by the adsorption from toluene solution on dried nickel sulfate of fair acidity. FD-MS and FT-IR suggested basicity of such nitrogen species, which were completely recovered with a mixture of toluene-water and THF.
A Convenient Method for the Stereoselective Preparation of trans-2-Hydroxymethyltetrahydrofurans by the Oxidative Cyclization of 5-Hydroxy-1-alkenes with Molecular Oxygen Catalyzed by Cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Inoki Satoshi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of bis(1-morpholinocarbamoyl-4,4-dimethyl-1,3-pentanedionato)cobalt(II), various 5-hydroxy-1-alkenes are converted to the corresponding 2-hydroxymethyltetrahydrofurans in good yields with extremely high trans selectivities by the oxidative cyclization with molecular oxygen. The yields of cyclization products are improved by addition of hydroperoxide.
Aesthetics of Yoruba Recreational Dances as Exemplified in the Oge Dance
Authors: Ajayi Omofolabo Soyinka 
Published: May 2006

Among the Yoruba-speaking people of Nigeria recreational dances are a popular art form usually performed at purely social gatherings such as weddings, funerals (of elderly people), or child-naming ceremonies. They are distinct from the more symbolic dances which may accompany such social events, or even from the more formally structured and often public events such as historical festivals, initiation rites, and ancestral remembrance ceremonies. The recreational dances, which are performed mainly for relaxation and entertainment, are also opportunities to express and communicate emotions arising from the occasion being observed. Social ceremonies in Yoruba society are simply inconceivable without recreational dances.Social festivities are of course not the only occasions for these dances; they are also performed on non-specific occasions for purely aesthetic fulfillment or as an expression of general well-being. At the end of a day's work, for example, friends or relatives get together to relax, or as they say, “múfàáji”—’ catch relaxation.’ At such fàáji evenings dance performances feature prominently alongside story-telling and riddle contests, games, poetry chants, or merely sharing anecdotes. Occasionally, too, a popular dance form may find performance space at the end of a successful symbolic ceremony, when the inclusion of a different form, both thematically and conceptually, is no longer a distraction from the desired goals of the ceremony. At such times recreational dances produce a cathartic effect following the tension of the event's significant symbolism.
Latin Historiography: a Survey, 1400–1600
Authors: Reynolds Beatrice R. 
Published: May 2006

Flavio Biondo, writing in 1443 to Alfonso of Naples, explained his purpose in composing a history. All interested in the humanities realized, said he, that in twelve hundred years Italy had produced poets and orators, but practically no historians. Scholars had prepared translations from the Greek and philosophical treatises, yet their duty to history they had avoided, or touched upon in superficial fashion. This judgment was echoed by Bruni, Bonfini, Sabellico, and others, who regretted the lack of accounts of their medieval past.Church calendars had shaped the early recording of events. The language was Latin, the arrangement chronological, with no effort to group related occurrences or to indicate causation other than the will of God. The supernatural was readily accepted.
Early Oyo History Reconsidered
Authors: Agiri B.A. 
Published: May 2006

The old Oyo ‘empire’ was the largest and best-known of the Yoruba kingdoms. Located in the savannah below the bend of the river Niger in the Bussa-Jebba region of southwest Nigeria, it achieved prominence during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries but collapsed and disintegrated in the early years of the nineteenth. Its origins and early history are imperfectly known because the traditions dealing with this period are enmeshed in myth and legend. This state of affairs has led one writer to conclude that the history of this period “is beyond meaningful’ enquiry.Two major problems confront anyone attempting to reconstruct early Oyo history. The origins of the kingdom are linked both to the process of the settlement of the Yoruba people in their present location and to that of state formation among them. Furthermore, information about these processes is to be found in traditional accounts that seem to have been fossilized since the publication of Samuel Johnson's The History of the Yorubas in 1921. Indeed, many subsequent ‘traditions’ seem in no small measure to be derived from this work. It is therefore appropriate to begin this paper with a discussion of the influence of Johnson's work, followed by an analysis of Johnson's sources and motives, insofar as these can be determined. In 1901 an Iiebu man found it necessary to make an emphatic declaration on Yoruba history:
I deny that Oyo is the capital city of Yoruba land. Ife, the cradle home of the whole Yorubas and the land of the deified Oduduwa, has been recognised by every interior tribe (including Benin and Ketu) for all intents and purposes as the capital city.
The Primary History of Armenia: An Examination of the Validity of an Immemorially Transmitted Historical Tradition
Authors: Hewson Robert H. 
Published: May 2006

Few peoples of the Middle East have produced as many historical works as the Armenians: their historiography dates back at least to the fifth century A.D. While most medieval Armenian historians have concerned themselves with contemporary history and the immediate past, there have been some who have attempted to trace Armenian history from the earliest times. It is to two of these, Pseudo-Sebeos and Pseudo-Moses of Khoren, that we owe the survival of the body of historical memories now generally referred to as the Primary History of Armenia.This Primary History has come to us in two redactions, a long and a short. The shorter version is attributed to the earliest known Armenian historian, Agathangelos (fourth century A.D.?) and is presented in the opening section of a seventh-century work ascribed-probably wrongly-to a certain bishop named Sebeos. The longer version, much expanded and edited, is contained in Book One of the compilation of Armenian antiquities known as the History of Armenia by Pseudo-Moses of Khoren. While the date of this work has been much disputed, it appears now to be a product of the late eighth or early ninth century.According to Pseudo-Sebeos the short redaction of the Primary History was a work originally written by Agathangelos, secretary to Tiridates HI (298–330), the first Christian king of Armenia, and was based on information contained in a book written by a certain Marab the Philosopher from Mtsurn, a town in western Armenia. Pseudo-Moses, on the other hand, claims that the parallel material in his history (I. 9–32 and II. 1–9) is an extract by Marabas Katiba from a Greek translation of a Chaldean history of Armenia made by order of Alexander the Great.
A Snare and a Delusion (Or, Danger, Europeans at Work)
Authors: Henige David 
Published: May 2006

This minor revision in Polynesian scholarship, the undermining of the authenticity of the traditions as historical … is one of the most significant developments in New Zealand archaeology.This [belief in a Great Fleet] arose out of the desire ofEuropeanscholars to provide a coherent framework by which to interpret the prehistory of New Zealand.As heavily as historians must rely on orally-derived data for their study of the African past, historians of Oceania are far more in thrall to such materials in attempting to reconstruct the history of the various Pacific island groups. Although archeology and historical linguistics can sometimes help to provide broad sequences and interrelationships as well as evidence concerning origins, neither can, of course, provide circumstantial local detail or close dating. Oral traditions, often supported by genealogies of sometimes extraordinary length and complexity, have been collected in all parts of the Pacific almost since the time of Cook, but the latter part of the nineteenth century was a period of particularly feverish activity. The result is a vast body of material, much of it still in manuscript form. Of this corpus far more relates to the Maori people of New Zealand than to the inhabitants of any other island group.In the course of the first half of this century a homogenized orthodox view of New Zealand's more remote past developed -- an interpretation based on three pivotal events, each of which came to be dated calendrically by means of Maori genealogies. The first was the arrival of the “discoverer” of New Zealand, one Kupe, who was dated toca. 950. Then, two centuries later, came Toi and his companions. Finally, so this version goes, the so-called Great Fleet, comprising about seven large canoes (the number varies slightly) arrived in about 1350, and New Zealand began to be well and truly peopled by Maori.
Hausa Poems as Sources for Social and Economic History
Authors: Duffill M.B. 
Published: May 2006

In his foreword to Neil Skinner's first volume of translations of Frank Edgar's collection of Hausa folk stories, M.G. Smith made the following observations on the historical and sociological value of the collection:“…to students of Hausa culture and history, [Edgar's collection] provides a comprehensive body of diverse materials, much of which being explicitly fictive, is of great ethnographic significance as a projection of Hausa attitudes and practice on to other planes. Together these texts, descriptive and narrative, supply rich first-hand materials on Hausa institutions, inter-ethnic relations and social stratification, supplementing such standard sources as the Kano Chronicle and other Emirate histories, and presenting with insight and economy the characteristic failings, virtues and orientations of Hausa differentiated by rank, sex, age and circumstance. Directly, and in narrative obliquely, the texts also present many insights into Hausa values, beliefs and social orientations. As documents that transmit the flavour of Hausa life and the background of individual experience, they have few rivals.”It seems appropriate to refer to Smith's observations at the start of this examination of three Hausa poems since, in my opinion very similar observations could be made about the materials in several collections of Hausa prose and poetry made by a number of German scholars in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, from one of which the three poems discussed in this paper originate.
Leselinyana la Lesothoand Sotho Historiography
Authors: Kunene Daniel P. 
Published: May 2006

On 3 November 1863 the first issue ofLeselinyana la Lesotho, datelined Morija, was published by the Revd. Adolphe Mabille of the Paris Evangelical Mission Society.Leselinyanacontinues to be published today. Its contents have been recently used by two biographers of Moshoeshoe and in the present paper I hope to suggest some other ways in which the materials in this publication can be of value to historians of the Sotho.Mabille had arrived among the Sotho in 1860 and had already published several small pamphlets written by himself on a small primitive printing press. The first issue ofLeselinyanacomprised just a single sheet containing two pieces of writing -- an editorial signed “Leselinyana la Lesutho” in which,inter alia, the newspaper introduced itself in the first person to the Basotho. The other piece was the first of what came to be a series of articles with the general title “Mogaogeli oa Moetsalibe” (“The Sinner's Pardoner”). From the beginningLeselinyanaemphasized articles of a religious and catechetical nature, clearly indicating its basic purpose as a vehicle for religious instruction and propaganda.According to Gérard the publication ofLeselinyanawas interrupted only twice. The first hiatus was from 1865 to 1869 when the Boers of the Orange Free State invaded and temporarily occupied areas west of the Drakensberg mountains, evicting the French missionaries who had supported the Africans there. The second occurred during the so-called Gun War of 1880/81 when the Sotho successfully resisted efforts by the Cape government to disarm them and to open Sotho lands to white settlement. In the following discussion I will touch briefly on a few representative materials inLeselinyanawhich suggest the richness of the paper as a source for historians, not only of the Sotho themselves but of their relations with the whites of the area and with the missionaries.
Arms Proliferation: A Few More Serial Bibliographies of Interest to Africanist Historians
Authors: Henige David 
Published: May 2006

The following items supplement my previous listing of serial indexes and bibliographies (HA, 10 [1983], 109-49). Then overlooked, they have since come to my attention. Most of them seem to fall well short of being current so that my earlier caveat regarding the possibility that some bibliographies may have ceased is all the more appropriate here.AAN is published by the Editions du Centre National de la Recherche Scientique, 15 quai Anatole-France, 75700 Paris. It is largely a current affairs reference source and its “Bibliographie” is by far the most important one now available for North Africa, making its omission for my earlier list all the more embarrassing. The bibliography for 1980 (the most recent available) consists of 1645 items arranged under: Documents Généraux; Histoire; Politique Intérieure; Défense Nationale; Politique Extérieure; Economie; Enseignement/Culture/Religion; Questions de Société--Espace; Emigration. The arrangement is general, then geographical under each of these main classifications, with an author index following. There is extensive cross-referencing but no list of journals and newspapers consulted. Each item is coded, apparently to facilitate ordering photocopies from CNRS.
The Teixeira da Mota Archive and the Guinea Texts Project
Authors: Hair P.E.H. 
Published: May 2006

Avelino Teixeira da Mota, who died on 1 April 1982 (obituary, The Times, 23 April 1982), was most widely renowned in international scholarship for his contributions to the history of maps and navigation during the period of the Portuguese “Discoveries.” But at the heart of his studies was Africa. His service in Guiné between 1945 and 1957, largely in a hydrographic survey, and in Lisbon as director of the Early Maps Unit from 1959, led him to issue a stream of publications on Africa--mainly west Africa and within that region mainly western Guinea--first through the Centro de Estudos da Guiné Portuguesa at Bissau, then through the Agrupamento (now Centro) de Estudos de Cartografia Antiga. As well as publishing copiously himself, Teixeira da Mota encouraged and edited the writings of many other Africanists. Aged only 61 when he died (suddenly, though after a long debilitating disorder that he thought he had overcome), and with more than 120 books and articles published, Teixeira da Mota had planned and announced many more publications. One list of proposed publications appeared in the apologia pro vita sua which he inserted at the start of his 1977 tri-lingual edition of Donelha's “Account of Sierra Leone.” Africanists, as they express deep respect and unbounded admiration for what this serving naval officer--a natural scholar with no university training— achieved, will understandably be wondering what now happens to the further publications he planned.At the request of Admiral Teixeira da Mota's widow, Senhora Maria de Lourdes Teixeira da Mota, I visited Lisbon in June 1982; and I also discussed the future of the Africanist papers and documentation left by Teixeira da Mota, with Dr. Ignácio Guerreiro of the Centro de Estudos de Cartografia Antiga (in the absence overseas of the new director, Professor Luís de Albuquerque) and with Commandante António Estácio dos Reis of the Navy Museum.
An Eighteenth-Century Case of Plagiarism: William Smith's A New Voyage to Guinea
Authors: Feinberg H.M. 
Published: May 2006

In the first number of History in Africa P.E.H. Hair reiterated A.W. Lawrence's plea for a “critical appraisal” and analysis of primary sources for African history. The aim of this brief note is to appraise the originality of certain of these works. The focus will be the Gold Coast, with emphasis on the book by William Smith, A New Voyage to Guinea, first published in 1744 and reprinted (without an introduction or editorial comment) by Frank Cass in 1967.The literature about the Gold Coast during the later seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries is rich in accounts by visitors, residents, and compilers. Dapper, Barbot, Bosman, Atkins, and Smith all provided descriptions. Only Bosman lived on the Gold Coast for an extended period of time, and the concentration of detail in his book reflects that experience. From about the 1720s to the early nineteenth century, a hiatus in the descriptive literature exists, but then Meredith, De Marree, Bowdich, and Dupuis resume the earlier tradition, so that one cannot say that the Gold Coast has been ignored in terms of European visitors or their original descriptions of the it area.However, when we look carefully at some of these narratives, we find that not all of what is written is in fact original. For example, Barbot's account of the political organization of Elmina is an exact duplicate, in translation from the Dutch, of Dapper's description. Barbot also copied his description of the “Degrees of Blacks” from Bosman. De Marree, an early nineteenth century Dutch official on the Gold Coast, included without attribution in his narrative, a complete report by Governor General Pieter Linthorst written in 1807.