bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oil Strikes Back: Trend Factors and Exchange Rates
Authors: HAN LIYAN , XU YANG , ZHANG QUNZI , ZHU XIAONENG 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA well‐known puzzle in international finance is that, to predict exchange rate returns, existing predictive models often perform worse than the naive random walk (RW) model. In this paper, we construct an oil trend factor which performs better than the RW model. More importantly, an oil‐trend‐based dynamic trading strategy can generate superior economic values. This result holds in both developed and emerging markets, with different forecasting horizons, with different specifications of trend factors, and across different currencies. Finally, we explore the economic link for the powerful predictability of the oil trend factor.
‘We had conversations we wouldn't have had otherwise’—Exploring home‐dwelling people with dementia and family members' experiences of deliberating on ethical issues in a literature‐based intervention
Authors: Skov Sofie Smedegaard , Berg Marie Eva , Andersen Josefine Ranfelt , Schou‐Juul Frederik , Jensen Anja M. B. , Folker Anna Paldam , Lauridsen Sigurd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo explore home‐dwelling people with dementia and family members' perceptions of the feasibility and acceptability of an intervention using dementia‐related literature excerpts to facilitate conversations on ethical issues related to living with dementia.BackgroundEthical issues in dementia care emerge throughout the illness. In the early stages, they may involve decisions about disclosing the illness to the family, shifting roles and responsibilities, and considerations of transitioning to a nursing home. Addressing ethical issues and providing adequate support to home‐dwelling people with dementia and their families are often lacking.DesignAn exploratory‐descriptive qualitative study.MethodsWe conducted eight interviews with 14 home‐dwelling persons with dementia and their family caregivers. Six were dyadic interviews, and two were individual interviews with family caregivers. We analysed the interview data using template analysis. We adhered to the COREQ checklist in reporting this study.ResultsUsing excerpts from dementia‐related literature was a feasible and acceptable way of initiating discussions on ethical issues among home‐dwelling persons with dementia and family caregivers. However, engaging the families of newly diagnosed individuals was challenging due to emotional distress. The intervention provided peer support, including identifying with others and sharing experiences. Moreover, participating couples found intimacy and relational attunement through shared reflections.ConclusionBased on the findings, it appears that the participants in this study felt that using excerpts from dementia‐related literature to deliberate on ethical issues was feasible and acceptable. Deliberating on ethical issues with peers and family caregivers offers valuable social support and opportunities for strengthening relationships.Implications for patient careThis study makes an important contribution by providing valuable insights into how ethical issues related to living with dementia can be addressed using related literature and suggests how the intervention can be integrated into existing care initiatives for home‐dwelling people with dementia and their families.Reporting methodWe have adhered to relevant EQUATOR guidelines with the COREQ reporting method.Patient or public contributionA healthcare professional working as a so‐called dementia coordinator (a title used in the Danish context) was involved in the conduct of this study by being responsible for the recruitment of home‐dwelling people with dementia and their family members. Moreover, she had joint responsibility for facilitating the intervention along with the first author.
Association of hospital‐treated infectious diseases and infection burden with cardiovascular diseases and life expectancy
Authors: Zheng Jiazhen , Ni Can , Lee S. W. Ricky , Li Fu‐Rong , Huang Jinghan , Zhou Rui , Huang Yining , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Wu Xianbo , Tang Shaojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe association of a broad spectrum of infectious diseases with cardiovascular outcomes remains unclear.ObjectivesWe aim to provide the cardiovascular risk profiles associated with a wide range of infectious diseases and explore the extent to which infections reduce life expectancy.MethodsWe ascertained exposure to 900+ infectious diseases before cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset in 453,102 participants from the UK Biobank study. Time‐varying Cox proportional hazard models were used. Life table was used to estimate the life expectancy of individuals aged ≥50 with different levels of infection burden (defined as the number of infection episodes over time and the number of co‐occurring infections).ResultsInfectious diseases were associated with a greater risk of CVD events (adjusted HR [aHR] 1.79 [95% confidence interval {CI} 1.74–1.83]). For type‐specific analysis, bacterial infection with sepsis had the strongest risk of CVD events [aHR 4.76 (4.35–5.20)]. For site‐specific analysis, heart and circulation infections posed the greatest risk of CVD events [aHR 4.95 (95% CI 3.77–6.50)], whereas noncardiac infections also showed excess risk [1.77 (1.72–1.81)]. Synergistic interactions were observed between infections and genetic risk score. A dose–response relationship was found between infection burden and CVD risks (p‐trend <0.001). Infection burden >1 led to a CVD‐related life loss at age 50 by 9.3 years [95% CI 8.6–10.3]) for men and 6.6 years [5.5–7.8] for women.ConclusionsThe magnitude of the infection‐CVD association showed specificity in sex, pathogen type, infection burden, and infection site. High genetic risk and infection synergistically increased the CVD risk.
Investigating the safety profiles of exogenous melatonin and associated adverse events: A pharmacovigilance study using WHO‐VigiBase
Authors: Ha Minyoung , Yoon Dongwon , Lee Chae‐Young , Lee Mose , Kim Young‐Wook , Lee Jung‐Min , Shin Ju‐Young 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMelatonin, a pineal hormone that modulates circadian rhythms, sleep, and neurotransmitters, is widely used to treat sleep disorders. However, there are limited studies on the safety of melatonin. Therefore, we aimed to present the overall patterns of adverse events (AEs) following melatonin administration and identify potential safety signals associated with melatonin. Using VigiBase, a global individual case safety report (ICSRs) database managed by the World Health Organization (WHO), we conducted a retrospective, observational, pharmacovigilance study of melatonin between January 1996 and September 2022. Disproportionality analysis was conducted using two comparator settings: all other drugs and other sleep medications. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate reporting odds ratios (RORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to compare the frequencies of AEs reporting between melatonin and each comparator setting. Furthermore, we assessed adverse events of special interests (AESIs) that could potentially be associated with melatonin. Signals were identified when the following criteria were met: cases ≥3, x2 ≥ 4, IC025 ≥ 0, and the lower end of the 95% CI of ROR > 2. These signals were then compared with the AE information on the drug labels provided by regulatory bodies. A total of 35 479 AE reports associated with melatonin were identified, with a higher proportion of reports from females (57.1%) and individuals aged 45–64 years (20.8%). We identified 21 AEs that were commonly detected as safety signals in the disproportionality analyses, including tic, educational problems, disturbance in social behavior, body temperature fluctuation, and growth retardation. In AESI analyses, accidents and injuries (adjusted ROR 2.97; 95% CI, 2.80–3.16), fall (2.24; 2.12–2.37), nightmare (4.90; 4.37–5.49), and abnormal dreams (3.68; 3.19–4.25) were detected as a signal of melatonin when compared to all other drugs, whereas those signals were not detected when compared to other sleep medications. In this pharmacovigilance study, exogenous melatonin showed safety profiles comparable to other sleep medications. However, several unexpected potential safety signals were identified, underscoring the need for further investigation at the population level.
Effect of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor canagliflozin on interstitial glucose concentration in insulin‐treated diabetic dogs
Authors: Box Jessica R. , Oyama Mark A. , Mosenco Ariel S. , Hess Rebecka S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe utility of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) has not been reported in insulin‐treated diabetic dogs.HypothesisCanagliflozin, a PO‐administered SGLT2i, decreases interstitial glucose concentration (IG) in insulin‐treated diabetic dogs.AnimalsFive insulin‐treated diabetic dogs.MethodsUncontrolled open label longitudinal study. Canagliflozin (2‐4 mg/kg/day PO) was added to an unchanged insulin dose for 7 days. Fractional excretion of glucose was calculated by dividing the product of urine glucose and serum creatinine concentrations by the product of serum glucose and urine creatinine concentrations. Hypoglycemia was defined as IG <60 mg/dL.ResultsMedian IG in 2869 measurements obtained while dogs were treated with insulin and canagliflozin was 87 mg/dL (range, 40‐500 mg/dL) and was significantly lower than median IG in 1426 measurements obtained while dogs were treated with insulin alone (212 mg/dL; range, 41‐500 mg/dL; P < .001). Median fractional excretion of glucose when dogs were treated with insulin and canagliflozin was 1.1% (range, 0.9%‐2.0%), significantly higher than when dogs were treated with insulin alone (0.3%; range, 0.01%‐1.0%; P = .04). The frequency of hypoglycemia was higher in dogs treated with insulin and canagliflozin (544 of 2869 IG measurements, 19%) compared with the frequency of hypoglycemia in dogs treated with insulin alone (52 of 1426 IG measurements, 4%; P < .001).Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceCanagliflozin may have a role in improving glycemic control in insulin‐treated diabetic dogs, but the dose of insulin should be decreased when adding canagliflozin to insulin treatment.
Non‐concordant epigenetic and transcriptional responses to acute thermal stress in western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis)
Authors: Ren Xingyue , Zhao Junjie , Hu Juntao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractClimate change is intensifying the frequency and severity of extreme temperatures. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability to cope with acute thermal stress is key for predicting species' responses to extreme temperature events. While many studies have focused on the individual roles of gene expression, post‐transcriptional processes and epigenetic modifications in response to acute thermal stress, the relative contribution of these molecular mechanisms remains unclear. The wide range of thermal limits of western mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) provides an opportunity to explore this interplay. Here, we quantified changes in gene expression, alternative splicing, DNA methylation and microRNA (miRNA) expression in muscle tissue dissected from mosquitofish immediately after reaching high (CTmax) or low thermal limit (CTmin). Although the numbers of genes showing expression and splicing changes in response to acute temperature stress were small, we found a possibly larger and non‐redundant role of splicing compared to gene expression, with more genes being differentially spliced (DSGs) than differentially expressed (DEGs), and little overlap between DSGs and DEGs. We also identified a small proportion of CpGs showing significant methylation change (i.e. differentially methylated cytosines, DMCs) in fish at thermal limits; however, there was no overlap between DEGs and genes annotated with DMCs in both CTmax and CTmin experiments. The weak interplay between epigenetic modifications and gene expression was further supported by our discoveries of no differentially expressed miRNAs. These findings provide novel insights into the relative role of different molecular mechanisms underlying immediate responses to extreme temperatures and demonstrate non‐concordant responses of epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms to acute temperature stress.
Effect of photodynamic therapy with 5‐aminolevulinic acid and EDTA‐2Na against mixed infection of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Teranishi Rie , Ozawa Toshiyuki , Katayama Bunpei , Shimojo Yu , Ito Nobuhisa , Awazu Kunio , Tsuruta Daisuke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe increasing abundance of drug‐resistant bacteria is a global threat. Photodynamic therapy is an entirely new, non‐invasive method for treating infections caused by antibiotic‐resistant strains. We previously described the bactericidal effect of photodynamic therapy on infections caused by a single type of bacterium. We showed that gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria could be killed with 5‐aminolevulic acid and 410 nm light, respectively. However, clinically, mixed infections are common and difficult to treat.ObjectiveWe investigated the bactericidal effects of photodynamic therapy on mixed infections of methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.MethodsWe compared bacterial growth with and without photodynamic therapy in vitro. Then, in vivo, we studied mixed infections in a mouse skin ulcer model. We evaluated the rates of ulcer area reduction and transitions to healing in treated and untreated mice. In addition, a comparison was made between PDT and existing topical drugs.ResultsWe found that photodynamic therapy markedly reduced the growth of both methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in culture, and it reduced the skin ulcer areas in mice. PDT was also more effective than existing topical medicines.ConclusionThis study showed that photodynamic therapy had antibacterial effects against a mixed infection of gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria, and it promoted skin ulcer healing. These results suggested that photodynamic therapy could be effective in both single‐ and mixed‐bacterial infections.
Interoceptive awareness mediated the effects of a 15‐minute diaphragmatic breathing on empathy for pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: He Yaping , Ge Likun , Yuan Jiajin , Wang Yingying , Zheng Danni , Rui An , Song Jun , Hu Li , Wei Gao‐Xia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlthough empathy for pain plays an important role in positive interpersonal relationships and encourages engagement in prosocial behavior, it remains largely unknown whether empathy for pain could be effectively altered by psychophysiological techniques. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a single session of diaphragmatic breathing practice on empathy for pain and examine the potential mechanism involving interoceptive awareness. A total of 66 healthy participants were randomly assigned to the intervention group or the control group. The intervention group received a 15‐minute diaphragmatic breathing (DB) practice with real‐time biofeedback, while the control group was to gaze at a black screen at rest and not engaged in any other activities. Before and after the invention, all participants were instructed to evaluate the intensity and unpleasantness of empathy for pain while watching different pictures with pain or non‐pain conditions. The Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness (MAIA) was then administered to measure interoceptive awareness. The results indicated a significant interaction between group and time with regard to empathy for pain and MAIA. The DB group showed a statistically significant decrease in both pain intensity and unpleasantness during the pain picture condition, as well as a noteworthy increase in MAIA scores. The control group did not demonstrate any substantial changes. More importantly, the regulation of attention, a dimension of MAIA, had a significant mediating effect on the impact of diaphragmatic breathing on reported unpleasantness. Diaphragmatic breathing could serve as a simple, convenient, and practical strategy to optimize human empathy for pain that warrants further investigation, which has important implications not only for individuals with impaired empathy for pain but also for the improvement of interoceptive awareness.
Heat Transfer Analysis of Memory-Dependent Derivative in Biological Tissue Subjected to a Moving Heat Source
Authors: Li Xiaoya , Wang Dan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A new bioheat transfer equation is developed by introducing the memory-dependent derivative into dual-phase lag model. The heat transfer process of memory-dependent derivative in biological tissue under a moving heat source is studied. Besides, thermal conductivity is usually no longer constant at high temperature. The nonlinear temperature governing equation with considering variable thermal conductivity is formulated and the solutions are obtained by the methods of Kirchhoff and Laplace transformations. The influences of heat source velocity, variable thermal conductivity, relaxation time, and kernel function on the variation of temperature are analyzed.
Optimization of Manifold Microchannel Heat Sink Based on Design of Experiment Method
Authors: Wei Xingguo , Feng Yu , Yan Taisen , Li Wansheng , Lv Qinghang , Qin Jiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The manifold microchannel heat sink (MMCHS) shows high potential to cope with the rapidly increasing power density of electronic devices. It is of significance to search for an optimization method to comprehensively consider multiparameter effects on the performance of microchannel. Here, we have studied the temperature and flow characteristics of the MMCHS via experimental method. Then, the effect of geometric parameters including microchannel aspect ratio (α), hydraulic diameter (Dh), and manifold block numbers (Nm) on the performance of a MMCHS were studied by numerical method. Subsequently, the design of experiment (DOE) method was proposed to optimize the geometric parameters of the MMCHS. The relation of friction coefficient and heat transfer coefficient with respect to the three geometric parameters was gained by the mathematical regression model. The statistically optimized manifold microchannel achieved a 10.0% reduction in temperature rise, 59.9% enhanced in the heat transfer coefficient, and the figure of merit (FOM) of 1.6. Our work shows a novel method to consider the effect of structure parameters on the performance of the manifold microchannel and provides a novel optimization design method for the manifold microchannel.
Laser desorption rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LD-REIMS) demonstrates a direct impact of hypochlorous acid stress on PQS-mediated quorum sensing in
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Bradley Rob , Simon Daniel , Spiga Livia , Xiang Yuchen , Takats Zoltan , Williams Huw 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

To establish infections in human hosts,
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
must overcome innate immune-generated oxidative stress, such as the hypochlorous acid (HOCl) produced by neutrophils. We set out to find specific biomarkers of oxidative stress through the development of a protocol for the metabolic profiling of
P. aeruginosa
cultures grown in the presence of different oxidants using a novel ionization technique for mass spectrometry, laser desorption rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (LD-REIMS). We demonstrated the ability of LD-REIMS to classify samples as untreated or treated with a specific oxidant with 100% accuracy and identified a panel of 54 metabolites with significantly altered concentrations after exposure to one or more of the oxidants. Key metabolic changes were conserved in
P. aeruginosa
clinical strains isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis lung infections. These data demonstrated that HOCl stress impacted the
Pseudomonas
quinolone signal (PQS) quorum sensing system. Ten 2-alkyl-4-quinolones (AHQs) associated with the PQS system were significantly lower in concentration in HOCl-stressed
P. aeruginosa
cultures, including 2-heptyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone (PQS), the most active signal molecule of the PQS system. The PQS system regulates the production of virulence factors, including pyocyanin and elastase, and their levels were markedly affected by HOCl stress. No pyocyanin was detectable and elastase concentrations were reduced by more than 75% in cultures grown with sub-lethal concentrations of HOCl, suggesting that this neutrophil-derived oxidant may disrupt the ability of
P. aeruginosa
to establish infections through interference with production of PQS-associated virulence factors.

IMPORTANCE

This work demonstrates that a high-throughput ambient ionization mass spectrometry method can be used successfully to study a bacterial stress response. Its application to the opportunistic pathogen
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
led to the identification of specific oxidative stress biomarkers, and demonstrated that hypochlorous acid, an oxidant specifically produced by human neutrophils during infection, affects quorum sensing and reduces production of the virulence factors pyocyanin and elastase. No pyocyanin was detectable and elastase levels were reduced by more than 75% in bacteria grown in the presence of hypochlorous acid. This approach has the potential to be widely applicable to the characterization of the stress responses of bacteria.