bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cognitive Processes Influencing Written Sentence Construction in School‐Aged Children With Prenatal Alcohol Exposure
Authors: Millians Molly N. , Kable Julie A. , Coles Claire D. , Mattson Sarah N. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe study examined the cognitive processes involved in written sentence construction in children affected by prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) when compared a control group of nonexposed typically developing children, and a contrast group of nonexposed children with various clinical diagnoses. Results indicated that children with PAE and those in the contrast group exhibited poorer sentence writing than the control group. Additionally, children with PAE utilized different cognitive processes to write sentences when compared to the nonexposed groups, irrespective of having a diagnosis. For children in the nonexposed groups, improved sentence writing was associated with better performance on measures of intellectual ability, verbal retrieval, verbal learning and recall, and inhibition. For children with PAE, more proficient sentence writing was associated with the same cognitive processes plus spatial working memory. This suggested that unique, altered, or inefficient cognitive functioning associated with effects of PAE impacted written sentence construction. The findings underscore the importance of considering specific cognitive processes, including spatial working memory, when assessing for writing difficulties and developing interventions for children with PAE.
Das Land‐Atmosphäre‐System der Erde: Die „Erdung“ von Wetter‐ und Klimaprozessen
Authors: Wulfmeyer Volker , Jach Lisa , Branch Oliver , Breil Marcus 
Published: February 2025

ZusammenfassungDas System Land‐Atmosphäre umfasst den Boden, die Landbedeckung und die untere Troposphäre. Die komplexen Prozesse in diesem System sind gekoppelt über den Austausch von Impuls, Energie und Masse. Unter anderem spielt der Pflanzenbewuchs eine zentrale Rolle. Daher ist ein tiefgreifendes Verständnis dieses Systems fundamental für die Genauigkeit von Wettervorhersagen, mittelfristige bis subsaisonale Vorhersagen und Klimaprognosen. Dazu gehört auch die Vorhersage von Extremereignissen wie Dürren.
Critical Energies and Wigner Functions of the Stationary States of the Bose Einstein Condensates in a Double‐Well Trap
Authors: Nader D. J. , Serrano‐Ensástiga E. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe quartic double‐well potential contains the essential ingredients to study many‐body systems within a rich semiclassical phase‐space that includes an unstable point associated to the critical energy. This critical energy in the quantum realm causes symmetry breaking of the wavefunctions and produces a logarithmic divergence in the density of states, leading to an excited‐state quantum phase transition (ESQPT). On the other hand, the Bose–Einstein Condensates (BEC) represent a promising platform to observe quantum mechanical phenomena at a macroscopic level. In this work, the lowest stationary states of the BEC in the mean field approximation are obtained via the Gross–Pitaevskii equation in a double‐well trap. The critical energy at which the corresponding wavefunctions experience the symmetry breaking is estimated. It is also found that this critical energy is shifted from the local maximum of the trap as the interaction between bosons increases. The Wigner function is used to obtain a phase space representation of the stationary states. It is observed that the state with closest mean energy to its critical value shows vestiges of the separatrix in the semiclassical phase‐space. The trends of the entropy, the nonorthogonality of the stationary states, and the nonclassicality via the negativities of the Wigner function are also examined.
Measurement‐Device‐Independent Continuous‐Variable Quantum Secret Sharing
Authors: Liao Qin , Huang Lei , Fei Zhuo‐Ying , Fu Xi‐Quan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAlthough continuous‐variable quantum secret sharing (CVQSS) is theoretically proven to be secure, it may still be subject to various practical attacks due to the imperfections of devices. In this study, measurement‐device‐independent CVQSS (MDI‐CVQSS) is proposed in which measurement is no longer the duty for the dealer but is performed by an untrusted party Charlie, so that all detector side‐channel attacks can be eliminated, greatly enhancing the practical security of CVQSS system. The security bound is derived for the proposed MDI‐CVQSS, and its numerical simulation shows that MDI‐CVQSS outperforms conventional CVQSS in terms of both secret key rate and maximal number of users. It is found that MDI‐CVQSS possesses several unique properties, such as local stability of the secret key rate, low total excess noise and high utilization rate of raw data, which indicate that MDI‐CVQSS has the potential for efficiently building a large‐scale quantum communication network. Moreover, it is also suggested three variations of MDI‐CVQSS to satisfy the requirements of different multi‐point quantum communication scenarios.
Global Output Regulation for Uncertain Feedforward Nonlinear Systems With Unknown Nonlinear Growth Rate
Authors: Chang Le , Zhang Xiangbo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis paper proposes a method for designing an output regulation controller for a class of feedforward nonlinear systems, where the nonlinear terms exhibit an unknown input‐dependent rate. The completely unknown nature of this rate introduces significant challenges to control design, rendering existing adaptive and time‐varying methods ineffective. To address these challenges, we first introduce a bound on the input and transform the nonlinear condition into an equivalent case with an unknown constant rate. Subsequently, we develop both time‐varying and adaptive methods to design the controller. Through rigorous mathematical analysis, we prove that the regulation objective can be achieved under the proposed control framework. Illustrative examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the designed control strategy.
Long‐Term Diabetic Retinopathy Treatment Using Silicon Nanoneedles
Authors: Nguyen Van Phuc , Jeong Jinheon , Zheng Mi , Lee Junsang , Zhe Josh , Wei Zhuying , Lee Chi Hwan , Paulus Yannis M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSustained‐release ocular drug delivery systems with minimal invasiveness are critical for managing eye diseases that cause blindness. An innovative platform is presented for painless and long‐term sustained ocular drug delivery utilizing controllably biodegradable silicon nanoneedles (Si NNs) conjugated with bevacizumab (Bev) integrated into a tear‐soluble subconjunctival patch. The biocompatible patch facilitates easy application in the subconjunctival area of the eye and rapid dissolution in less than one minute upon contact with the tear film in the sclera, eliminating the need for removal procedures. The Si NNs, fabricated with precise control over their degradation kinetics, enable sustained and controlled release of Bev into the ocular tissues. This platform offers enhanced patient comfort, reduced risk of complications, and prolonged therapeutic efficacy. In vivo studies using a rabbit model of retinal neovascularization (RNV), a clinically relevant proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), demonstrate the platform's ability to reduce RNV by 85% over a year, with no observable side effects. These results highlight the potential of this drug delivery method to penetrate the sclera and releaseBev gradually, providing a promising alternative for long‐term, controllable ocular therapy. This technology represents a significant advancement in painless, convenient, and effective treatment for eye diseases requiring sustained drug delivery.
Tailored Supramolecular Additives to Control the Crystallization Process and Morphology of MAPbI3
Authors: Kuhn Meike , Wenzel Felix A. , Greve Christopher , Kreger Klaus , Schwartzkopf Matthias , Schmidt Hans‐Werner , Grüninger Helen , Herzig Eva M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPerovskite films feature unique optoelectronic properties, rendering them promising for electronic devices. The properties depend on the morphology on a broad range of length scales from nanometers to millimeters, influenced by a variety of factors. However, controlling the morphology is challenging. A tailored supramolecular additive, N, N’‐bis(2‐aminoethyl) terephthalamide is developed to control the intermediate and perovskite crystallization of methyl ammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) and enhance the thermal and moisture stability in the final film. Reversible coordinative interactions of the carbonyl groups with Pb2+ ions via Lewis acid‐base adduct and subsequent ion–ion interactions of the peripheral ammonium groups with the perovskite grain boundaries are combined which is stabilized by a strong hydrogen bonding pattern formed between the amide moieties of the additive molecules. Adding low amounts of this additive to the precursor solution significantly decelerates the structure formation and systematically reduces the crystallite size. Slower growth of the intermediate phases and the incorporation of the additive to the grain boundary is observed with multiple time‐resolved techniques. Evidence for the formation of single‐molecule interlayers between the MAPbI3 crystals and the presence of directed supramolecular interaction between additive molecules is shown. Transferability of this approach to other perovskites is anticipated, paving the way to improved processing control and stability.
Deep Learning‐Enhanced Chemiluminescence Vertical Flow Assay for High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I Testing
Authors: Han Gyeo‐Re , Goncharov Artem , Eryilmaz Merve , Ye Shun , Joung Hyou‐Arm , Ghosh Rajesh , Ngo Emily , Tomoeda Aoi , Lee Yena , Ngo Kevin , Melton Elizabeth , Garner Omai B. , Di Carlo Dino , Ozcan Aydogan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractDemocratizing biomarker testing at the point‐of‐care requires innovations that match laboratory‐grade sensitivity and precision in an accessible format. Here, high‐sensitivity detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is demonstrated through innovations in chemiluminescence‐based sensing, imaging, and deep learning‐driven analysis. This chemiluminescence vertical flow assay (CL‐VFA) enables rapid, low‐cost, and precise quantification of cTnI, a key cardiac protein for assessing heart muscle damage and myocardial infarction. The CL‐VFA integrates a user‐friendly chemiluminescent paper‐based sensor, a polymerized enzyme‐based conjugate, a portable high‐performance CL reader, and a neural network‐based cTnI concentration inference algorithm. The CL‐VFA measures cTnI over a broad dynamic range covering six orders of magnitude and operates with 50 µL of serum per test, delivering results in 25 min. This system achieves a detection limit of 0.16 pg mL−1 with an average coefficient of variation under 15%, surpassing traditional benchtop analyzers in sensitivity by an order of magnitude. In blinded validation, the computational CL‐VFA accurately measures cTnI concentrations in patient samples, demonstrating a robust correlation against a clinical‐grade FDA‐cleared analyzer. These results highlight the potential of CL‐VFA as a robust diagnostic tool for accessible, rapid cardiac biomarker testing that meets the needs of diverse healthcare settings, from emergency care to underserved regions.
Enhanced Quantum Efficiency in Ca2−2xNaxGdxMgWO6:Mn4+ Phosphors: Allosteric Substitution to Disrupt Local Symmetry for Plant Cultivation Application
Authors: Li Chengcheng , Kang Runtian , Ma Xilin , Xie Jianming , Wang Yuhua , Seto Takatoshi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLight‐converting films enhance photosynthesis, yet most phosphors’ low quantum efficiency restricts their application. This work finds that the co‐substitution of Na+ and Gd3+ for Ca2+ in Ca2MgWO6:Mn4+(CMWO: Mn4+) significantly enhances the deep red emission by nearly tenfold. The phosphor can emit red light with a peak at 688 nm under near‐ultraviolet excitation, and an external quantum efficiency of 51.5%. The luminous intensity of phosphor stored at 85 °C and 85% humidity for 1000 h is about 95.36% of that at room temperature. Analyses of X‐ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS), Rietveld, and electron density distribution reveal a unique mechanism of breaking parity‐forbidden d‐d transitions induced by the symmetry breaking through a big change of Mn4+ d‐orbitals distribution under cation substitution. This work designs a unique reflection‐typed sunlight‐conversion fluorescent membrane using Ca0.8Na0.6Gd0.6MgWO6: Mn4+(CNGMWO: Mn4+), which enables highly efficient directing of deep red toward crops. The actual growth of lettuce and mini‐tomatoes is examined, and the fresh weights of lettuce and mini‐tomatoes are increased by 57 ± 15% and 30 ± 20%, respectively, compared with the blank control group. Remarkably, the conversion membrane contributes to a +81% increase in the dry weight of lettuce. The results show that the deep red phosphor CNGMWO: Mn4+ holds promise for plant cultivation.
A High‐Security Chaotic Encryption Model for Biomedical Image Protection
Authors: Sudheesh K. V. , Benaka Santhosha S. , Puttegowda Kiran , Ravi Vinayakumar , Al Mazroa Alanoud 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWith the rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), ensuring the privacy and security of patient medical images has emerged as a pressing concern in the field of image privacy protection. Traditional medical image encryption methods, however, have often been criticized for their lack of flexibility and insufficient security measures. To address these challenges, proposed a new image encryption algorithm that uses the R3 (rotate, rescale, randomize) Model to apply the concepts of chaotic and hyperchaotic systems to new image encryption approaches. Based on the hyperchaotic behavior of the circle map system and the unpredictable behavior of the Chua system, the proposed algorithm performs scaling, rotation, and randomization on the target image. Basically, the input medical image is scaled and rotated using a chaotic system to minimize the association between neighboring pixels. To create an encrypted image, the permuted image is next subjected to a diffusion operation with the assistance of S‐box. By using these chaotic systems unpredictable behavior and sensitivity to beginning conditions, an encryption technique with a huge key space of 25208 is created, improving security overall and fortifying its resistance to brute‐force attacks. The speed at which the algorithm processes data and the minimal number of resources it consumes demonstrate its effectiveness, making it appropriate for real‐time applications. To evaluate the security and computational efficiency of the suggested encryption system, a series of grayscale medical photographs were subjected to extensive testing. In addition to having a large key space of about 25208, it also showed resistance to differential cryptanalysis, with NPCR and UACI values above 99.60% and 30.20%, respectively. The encrypted images' entropy was close to eight, suggesting improved system security. The technique is ideal for real‐time applications, with encryption speeds of 0.80 s for 512 × 512 images and 0.6 s for 256 × 256 images. The scheme's capacity to provide strong security with little computing overhead and complexity is demonstrated by experimental results.
Online Bayesian Variable Selection and Bayesian Model Averaging for Streaming Data
Authors: Ghosh Joyee , Tan Aixin , Luo Lan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThere is an increasing prevalence of streaming data generation in diverse fields like healthcare, finance, social media, and weather forecasting. In order to acquire helpful insights from these massive datasets, timely analysis is essential. In this article, we assume that the streaming data are analysed in batches. Traditional offline methods, which involve storing and analysing all individual records, can be repeatedly applied to the cumulative data, but encounter significant challenges in storage and computing costs. Existing online methods offer faster approximations but most methods neglect model uncertainty, causing overconfidence and instability. To bridge this gap, we propose novel online Bayesian approaches that incorporate model uncertainty within a Bayesian model averaging (BMA) framework, for generalized linear models (GLMs). We propose computationally efficient methods to update the posterior, with individual records from the latest batch of data and summary statistics from previous batches. We demonstrate using simulation studies and real data that our methods can offer much faster analysis compared to traditional methods, with no substantial drop in accuracy.
Synaptosomal‐Associated Protein 25 kDA (SNAP‐25) Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Implications for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis and Monitoring
Authors: Wolner Sofia Hjorth , Gleerup Helena Sophia , Musaeus Christian Sandøe , Høgh Peter , Ashton Nicholas J. , Brinkmalm Ann , Nilsson Johanna , Grötschel Lana , Zetterberg Henrik , Blennow Kaj , Hasselbalch Steen Gregers , Walls Anne Byriel , Simonsen Anja Hviid 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTSynaptic degeneration has been linked to cognitive decline. The presynaptic protein, synaptosomal‐associated protein 25 kDA (SNAP‐25), is crucial for synaptic transmission and has been suggested as a biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current study, we investigated the ability of SNAP‐25 to differentiate between heterogenous dementia etiologies and whether SNAP‐25 could be a staging marker in AD. SNAP‐25 in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from a retrospective (n = 187) and a prospective (n = 134) cohort was investigated with immunoprecipitation mass spectrometry (IP‐MS) and single‐molecule array (Simoa), respectively. Both cohorts consisted of healthy controls (HC) and patients with cognitive decline of different etiologies. CSF SNAP‐25 concentration was higher in AD and non‐neurodegenerative diseases (i.e., vascular dementia) compared with controls but did not differ between AD and non‐AD neurodegenerative diseases. We found a trend toward an association between SNAP‐25 and disease burden when comparing HC, mild cognitive impairment due to AD, and AD. CSF SNAP‐25 concentrations were strongly associated with CSF phosphorylated tau (p‐tau) concentrations, thus strengthening the link between synaptic dysfunction and tau pathophysiology in AD. Our initial findings suggest that SNAP‐25 may be a potential biomarker for differentiating AD from dementia due to other etiologies. However, due to the significant association between SNAP‐25 and p‐tau proteins, the clinical utility of SNAP‐25 as a diagnostic biomarker for AD may be limited, while SNAP‐25 may be useful for monitoring disease progression or treatment response.
A Review of Processes and Models for the Export of Microplastics From Terrestrial to Aquatic Systems
Authors: Ibna Hafiz Abdul Mobin , Ahmadisharaf Ebrahim , Salehi Maryam , Farner Jeffrey , White Jason C. , Zeng Eddy Y. , Nazari Behzad 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTMicroplastics have received increased attention due to their negative impacts on the environment and human health. To minimize these impacts, mitigation strategies that are efficient and cost‐effective for a range of plausible conditions need to be developed. Models can be used to support these mitigation‐related decisions. However, modeling studies related to the export of microplastics from terrestrial to aquatic systems have been limited. Here, we review such modeling studies, the trends over time and geography of focus, and discuss pertinent concepts and the underlying physical, chemical, and biological processes. We categorize the published modeling studies, discuss their limitations, and provide recommendations for future research to fill key knowledge gaps. Future modeling efforts should focus on collecting more comprehensive field data for validation, developing continuous models over event‐based, conducting experimental studies to better understand the fundamental processes, developing hybrid modeling frameworks, adopting sediment transport modeling approaches, incorporating land management practices in the models, integrating surface and sub‐surface processes at the watershed scale, and utilizing advanced data‐driven models like foundation models.
Novel mechanistic insights of the potential role of gasotransmitters and autophagy in the protective effect of metformin against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats
Authors: Abdel-Zaher Ahmed O. , Bakr Marwa H. , Gad Yomna H. , Abdelhafez Alaa T. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Metformin exerts antidiabetic and pleiotropic effects. This study investigated the function and mechanisms of gasotransmitters and autophagy in the metformin-induced protection against ischemia/reperfusion injury (I/RI). According to measurements of serum hepatic function indicators and histopathological evaluation, metformin protected against hepatic I/RI-induced impairment of liver function and structure. In addition, metformin inhibited hepatic I/RI-induced hepatic oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Also, it suppressed hepatic I/RI-induced decrease in hepatic heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels and increase in nitric oxide (NO) production. Furthermore, metformin inhibited hepatic I/RI-induced decrease in protein expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), HO-1, cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), and Beclin-1 and increase in the protein expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) in the liver tissue. Co-administration of the NO biosynthesis inhibitor, L-NAME, carbon monoxide(CO)-releasing molecule-A1 (CORM-A1), the H2S donor, NaHS, or the autophagy stimulator, rapamycin (RAPA), enhanced all effects of metformin. The NO donor, L-arginine, the CO biosynthesis inhibitor, zinc protoporphyrin, the H2S biosynthesis inhibitor, DL-propargylglycine, or the autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), antagonized the effects of metformin. These findings reveal, for the first time, that increasing CO, H2S, and autophagy levels with subsequent decreasing NO level play a critical role in metformin's protective action against hepatic I/RI. The ability of L-NAME, CORM-A1, NaHS, and RAPA to boost metformin’s protective effect in hepatic I/RI may positively be attributed to their ability to lower hepatic oxidative stress, nitrosative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.
Solving Hilfer fractional dirac systems: a spectral approach
Authors: Ercan Ahu , Bas Erdal , Ozarslan Ramazan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this study, we define Hilfer fractional Dirac system. Our main object is to analyze the main spectral structure of the Hilfer fractional Dirac system. To this end, the self-adjointness of the Hilfer fractional Dirac operator, orthogonality of the eigen-vector-functions, and reality of the eigenvalues are displayed. Also, we obtain the representation of the solution of the system by using Laplace transforms with analytical estimations. We investigate eigen-vector functions and eigenvalues for the Hilfer fractional Dirac boundary value problem and illustrate the results in detail with tables and figures.
Scheduling problems on parallel dedicated machines with non-renewable resource
Authors: Mor Baruch , Berlińska Joanna 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We study scheduling problems on parallel dedicated machines and assume that a specific job can only be processed on one specific machine. We concentrate on solving scheduling problems involving convex resource allocation and address three of the most fundamental measures in scheduling theory, i.e., makespan, total load, and total weighted completion time. Firstly, we focus on position-independent workloads, and then we study the setting of general position-dependent workloads, i.e., the workloads are not restricted to be either monotone functions of the job positions or any specific functions. In all problems, we assume a common continuous and non-renewable (limited) resource and adapt known results from scheduling theory to solve the considered problems.