bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Research on Visual Target Detection and Recognition of Shopping Robots Based on Improved YOLO Algorithm
Authors: Lu Yufan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This research aims to improve the visual target detection and recognition capabilities of shopping robots in various sales environments by optimizing and improving the YOLO algorithm, in order to improve accuracy and real-time performance. The research method involves embedded spatial hierarchical sampling technology and it adapts to image processing of different sizes, uses a separate convolutional neural network structure to reduce computational complexity, and cultivates a more concise network model by refining the effective data of complex models. Experimental results show that the improved YOLO algorithm performs well in weak Its average accuracy has been significantly improved under light, medium light and strong light environments, especially in the detection of small items. A study shows that improved programming significantly improved the vision of shopping assistance robots. Recognition capabilities enable robots to provide more accurate and faster services in real shopping environments.
A Solution to User Fairness in NOMA Heterogeneous Networks Based on Channel Selection and Power Optimization
Authors: Zhang Dongpo , Chen Chunlei , Wang Zhaorong , An Xiujuan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In the optimization process aimed at maximizing the overall transmission rate in 5G heterogeneous non-orthogonal multiple access networks, the issue of unequal resource allocation arises. This phenomenon directly results in significantly lower minimum rates for channels with poor transmission conditions. Under such circumstances, the service quality of affected users suffers negative impacts, leading to unbalanced service experiences among users. To address this issue, this paper proposes a strategy that decouples the overall optimization problem and combines optimal channel pairing selection with user power allocation optimization to ensure the maximization of the minimum user rate and address fairness issues among users. Firstly, this paper elaborates on the decoupling method for the overall optimization problem. Subsequently, it details the implementation of optimal user pairing selection and user power allocation optimization. Simulation verifications are conducted using system parameters that closely resemble actual scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper significantly improves the minimum user rate without increasing system complexity, effectively addressing fairness issues among users to a certain extent.
Research on Airport Communication and Navigation Equipment Inspection Assistance System Based on AR Technology
Authors: Ye Weijia , Han Rubiao , Gao Peng , He Ning 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Aviation transportation is an important component of our country’s transportation system. With the rapid improvement of the national economy, the civil aviation industry in our country has experienced rapid development, and the number and scale of airports are also constantly increasing. Communication and navigation systems play an important role in the transportation of aircraft and the scale operation of airports. Efficient and accurate communication and navigation system can not only effectively ensure air transportation safety but also improve overall operational efficiency, making airport operations more rational and secure. This paper combines augmented reality technology with VSLAM (Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping) technology to assist personnel in daily communication and navigation equipment inspection tasks. By providing some functions to improve the efficiency of airport personnel, the function such as positioning, some auxiliary information, and remote assistances.
Surrogate-based heat transfer modeling for important parts in a fully enclosed traction motor
Authors: Fiala Vaclav , Pechanek Roman 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The aim of this paper is to present a heat transfer modeling method that combines analytical calculation with numerical simulation. This method can be referred to as hybrid modeling or surrogate-based modeling. The object under study is a fully enclosed water-cooled traction motor. The selected investigated regions that are adjusted by numerical simulation are the end-winding region and the interface of the stator core and water jacket. The end-winding region is investigated because end windings are located at the enclosed inner part, where it is difficult to analytically determine the airflow velocity (velocity distribution). The transition between the stator core and the water jacket is also important, as it directly determines the cooling efficiency due to the cooling method where the water jacket is placed on the stator core. This paper presents a heat transfer calculation example for these two critical areas, along with validation using real motor data obtained temperature rise test, comparing the calculated results with measurements.
Predictive factors for spontaneous dislodgement of percutaneous nephrostomies for malignant ureteral obstruction
Authors: Ütebey Ayşe Rüksan , Aslan Halil Serdar , Arslan Muhammet , Alver Kadir Han , Peker Hakkı , Tekinhatun Muhammed , Yağcı Ahmet Baki , Sabir Nuran 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
To investigate the etiology of spontaneous percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) catheter dislodgements and evaluate factors potentially associated with these dislodgements, including muscle-to-fat composition and tissue characteristics of catheter traces.

Materials and methods
Data from 92 patients (63 males, 29 females; mean age 63.9 ± 11.4 years, range 28–88) undergoing 151 PCN catheter replacements between January 2016 and June 2021 were analyzed. Patients were divided into Group 1 (prophylactic replacements every 3 months, n = 41) and Group 2 (at least one spontaneous dislodgement, n = 51). Associations were evaluated for factors including intraabdominal visceral adipose tissue index (IAVATI), subcutaneous adipose tissue index (SATI), and abdominal perimeter. Other variables assessed were Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status scores, psoas muscle index (PMI), renal size, renal parenchymal thickness, renal cortex-to-skin distance, posterolateral abdominal wall muscle thickness, and PCN replacement frequency.

Results
No significant differences were identified between Group 1 and Group 2 in IAVATI, SATI, or abdominal perimeter values (p = 0.210–0.412). A significant difference in ECOG performance status scores (p = 0.0001), PMI (p = 0.04) and lower renal size, renal parenchymal thickness, renal cortex-to-skin distance, and posterolateral abdominal muscle thickness (p = 0.0001–0.039) were observed in Group 2. PCN replacements were significantly more frequent in Group 2 (p = 0.0001). Multivariate regression identified renal parenchymal thickness and abdominal wall muscle thickness as significant independent predictors (p = 0.0001, p = 0.02). ROC analysis yielded an AUC of 0.843 (95% CI: 0.769–0.917) for renal parenchymal thickness and 0.694 (95% CI: 0.610–0.778) for abdominal wall muscle thickness. Sensitivity and specificity rates were 73.1% and 96.4% for a 16 mm cutoff in renal parenchymal thickness, and 50.7% and 79.8% for an 8 mm cutoff in abdominal wall muscle thickness.

Conclusion
A significant association was identified between spontaneous PCN catheter dislodgement and both the psoas muscle index and ECOG performance status scores, while no notable relationship was observed with abdominal visceral or subcutaneous fat tissue volumes or abdominal perimeter. The risk of dislodgement was found to increase with reduced renal parenchymal and abdominal wall muscle thickness, as well as with more frequent nephrostomy replacements, suggesting these parameters may serve as useful markers for identifying patients at higher risk.

Graphical abstract
Surface modification of montmorillonite—MMT nanofiller: how it affects both the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) and the physical properties of polyamide 66
Authors: Ismail Mohamed A. , Yousef Ebtisam A. , Nasr G. M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Studying the impact of type (organo-modified montmorillonite—MMT) into polyamide 66 (PA66) on the molecular motion of polymers within the space between polymer and nanoparticle is important to understand the improved properties of nanocomposites. The mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties have been examined employing Dynamical Mechanical Thermal Analysis, Differential Scanning Calorimetric, and Dielectric Relaxation Spectroscopy techniques. The results showed that the reinforcing effect of the PA66 matrix with MMT loading was justified by an 83% increase in the storage modulus (G′) with Cloisite 30B (C30B) MMT nanofiller. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature (T
g
) decreased by 5.0 °C. A significant increase in the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) was found due to the presence of filler, especially in the case of C30B-MMT nanocomposites, which comprised approximately 22% of the polymer. Moreover, it was observed that the dielectric constant (ε′) for all nanocomposites increased with temperature, particularly for Nanofil9 (N9)–MMT nanocomposites at relatively high temperatures (100 °C, 0.03 Hz). The conduction mechanism observed in all tested samples was confirmed to follow the correlated barrier hopping mechanism.
Variationally consistent homogenization of diffusion in particle composites with material interfaces using dual macroscale chemical potentials
Authors: Rollin David René , Larsson Fredrik , Runesson Kenneth , Jänicke Ralf 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Computational homogenization of particle-matrix composites with material interfaces is considered, whereby linear transient diffusion driven by a chemical potential is used as a model problem. Due to the models linearity, it is beneficial to assume micro-stationarity in order to provide direct upscaling and avoid excessive computational cost. First order homogenization with a single macroscale chemical potential is taken as the most basic approach; however, the accuracy is negatively affected whenever relevant micro-transient effects can not be captured using the stationary sub-scale problem. To improve the accuracy while still upscaling from a stationary sub-scale problem, different formulations based on dual macroscale potentials, one for each phase, are proposed and investigated in this paper. As to the prolongation order within the particles and matrix phase, respectively, two types are considered: constant-linear and linear-linear. Most importantly, for the case of linear prolongation, different ways of defining the macroscale variables (acting as loading on the RVE-problem) in terms of suitable measures of the chemical potential can be envisioned: (1) averaging of

$$0\text {th}$$

0
th

and

$$1\text {st}$$

1
st

gradient of the potential, (2) averaging of

$$0\text {th}$$

0
th

and

$$1\text {st}$$

1
st

moment of the potential. The pros and cons of the different approaches were assessed in a numerical study and compared to a reference solution from Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) for an example problem. It was concluded that the moment-based linear-linear method was the only one that could match the DNS solution for all considered material parameters. However, for sufficiently large interface resistance, leading to a more pronounced potential jump across the interfaces, the constant-linear prolongation gave comparable results.
Characterizing wind turbine drivetrain nonlinearities for hybrid nacelle tests
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Omer , Guo Yi , Nejad Amir R. , Wenske Jan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The increasing size of modern wind turbines presents significant challenges to existing nacelle testing infrastructures that are unable to reproduce the required extreme loads, achieve the necessary dynamic load bandwidth and provide increased power capacity while maintaining escalating costs of testing. The novel hybrid nacelle testing approach developed at Fraunhofer IWES aims to resolve some of these challenges. It combines high-fidelity virtual models with partial load physical testing to predict full load responses on a nacelle test bench. One of the primary challenges related to this new testing approach is ensuring that the underlying models accurately capture the complex nonlinear interactions and behaviors that can occur under full load conditions. This paper investigates the sources of nonlinearities in the response of the drivetrain during steady-state parasitic load tests on a nacelle test bench. Multiple system responses are investigated, and the corresponding type of nonlinearity is classified. A full understanding of these critical nonlinearities in the system will enable the development of a suitable modeling approach and partial test criteria required to perform hybrid nacelle testing.
Normothermic Machine Perfusion of Kidney Grafts: Devices, Endpoints, and Clinical Implementation
Authors: Pühringer Marlene , Messner Franka , Schneeberger Stefan 
Published: February 2025

Summary

Background
Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) has emerged as a promising technique for preserving and reconditioning kidney grafts before transplantation. By providing continuous oxygenated, nutrient-rich perfusion at 37 °C, NMP mimics physiological conditions, potentially improving graft viability and function. Over the past decade, NMP has demonstrated safety and feasibility in experimental and clinical settings.

Methods
A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify commercially available and clinically applied kidney NMP devices as well as endpoints from planned, ongoing, and completed clinical trials on kidney NMP.

Results
This review presents an in-depth analysis of NMP technology in experimental and clinical kidney transplantation. It details the features and evidence supporting commercial and experimental perfusion devices and discusses clinical trial endpoints relevant to kidney NMP. Key technical limitations and knowledge gaps are identified, including variability in perfusion strategies and perfusate composition.

Conclusion
Despite significant advancements, the optimal perfusion strategy and perfusate composition for kidney NMP remain undefined. Further preclinical studies and well-designed clinical trials are essential to address these gaps and establish NMP as a reliable tool for improving outcomes in kidney transplantation.
Population-based study of recurrent DNA damage response gene variants in breast cancer cases
Authors: Tervasmäki Anna , Kumpula Timo A. , Grip Mervi , Koivuluoma Susanna , Seuranen Meeri , Winqvist Robert , Mantere Tuomo , Pylkäs Katri 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose
Several variants in DNA damage response (DDR) genes increase the probability to develop breast cancer and show enrichment in Northern Finland. Here, the population prevalence and risk estimations were refined for sixteen recurrent pathogenic/likely pathogenic DDR gene variants.

Methods
Variant genotyping was performed in 2343 unselected Northern Finnish breast cancer cases and 4607 cancer-free controls, and tumor features and family history of cancer for the carriers were examined.

Results
Based on their prevalence and carrier family history, the studied BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants, PALB2 c.1592delT, and ATM c.7570G > C were confirmed as high-risk alleles, whereas CHEK2 c.1100delC, MCPH1 c.909_921del, and RAD50 c.687delT were moderate-risk alleles. FANCM c.5101C > T and c.5791C > T did not associate with overall breast cancer risk. Double carriers were significantly more common in cases (0.5%, 11/2343) than controls (0.07%, 3/4601, OR 7.2). The BRCA1/2 and PALB2 c.1592delT carrier tumors all had high proliferation rates, PALB2 c.1592delT associating also with grade 3 tumors (p = 0.002). Progesterone receptor (p < 0.05) and estrogen receptor positive tumors were enriched in ATM c.7570G > C and CHEK2 c.1100delC carriers, whereas MCPH1 c.904_916del carriers had a significantly high percentage of multifocal tumors (38%, p = 0.001). Moreover, one FANCM c.5101C > T homozygote case suffered severe side effects from chemotherapy.

Conclusion
The studied DDR gene variants were present in 9% of the unselected cases. As the presence of germline pathogenic variants can provide additional value for surgical decision-making and affect the choice of oncological treatments, the results promote the benefits of genetic testing as a part of breast cancer diagnostics.
Public financial institutions in the energy transition: the impact of export credit agencies
Authors: Downie Christian , Peterson Maxfield J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Achieving a clean energy transition requires global financial flows to be redirected away from fossil fuels and into renewable energy. While capital market actors and multilateral financial institutions have been the subject of significant scholarly attention, public bilateral financial institutions, especially Export Credit Agencies (ECAs), have been largely overlooked. This is an important oversight given ECAs are the source of billions of dollars of public finance for fossil fuels, which has helped to lock-in recipient countries to fossil fuel energy systems. Using a panel dataset of ECA transactions in the energy sector, we show that despite some improvements in financial flows after the Paris Agreement in 2015, fossil fuel investments remain pervasive and growth in clean energy investments is minimal. To better understand changes in ECA portfolios, we examine the cases of the Export-Import Bank of the United States (ExIm) and UK Export Finance (UKEF). Drawing on elite interviews, we identify three factors that are shaping ExIm’s and UKEF’s capacity to promote renewable energy exports: the extent of political control over the bureaucracy, the size and composition of green industrial bases, and the policy tools available to both ECAs to support the renewables sector. This has important implications for policymakers seeking to green ECA portfolios.
Low genetic diversity and high inbreeding in one of the last chlamydia-free strongholds for New South Wales koalas
Authors: McLennan E. A. , Wilmott L. , Madden K. , Belov K. , Hogg C. J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The genetic consequences of population isolation include inbreeding, genetic diversity loss and loss of adaptive potential. Koalas across south-western Sydney (New South Wales, Australia) may be vulnerable to isolation due to major roads and cleared forest. A few sites within south-western Sydney are some of the last chlamydia-free sites for koalas. Low genetic diversity and potentially low adaptive potential could lead to local extinction of these chlamydia-free sites. Using reduced representation sequencing, we assessed population differentiation, genetic diversity, relatedness, inbreeding, and gene flow across seven sites in south-western Sydney and the Southern Highlands. We found south-western Sydney koalas had significantly lower diversity, higher relatedness and inbreeding than Southern Highlands koalas. There was no evidence of contemporary gene flow from the more genetically diverse Southern Highlands sites into south-western Sydney. The separation between south-western Sydney and the Southern Highlands likely explains the lower genetic diversity among south-western Sydney sites. It may also explain why chlamydia is yet to reach these sites. However, there is evidence of a disease-front movement of chlamydia from Wingecarribee up into Wollondilly which has high gene flow with Campbelltown, a chlamydia-free site. While gene flow from south to north is low, the risk of chlamydia entering the chlamydia-free sites from a few migrants is notable. With possible low adaptive potential of south-western Sydney sites, a new threat of chlamydia entering the system may lead to population declines in these stronghold areas.
Investigating middle school students’ eye movements on the mathematical representations: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Karaca Hilmi , Ertekin Erhan , Cagiltay Kursat 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In mathematics education, representations are used in place of mathematical structures, ideas, or relationships to concretize, transform, and represent them. When students interact with these representations, they engage in various cognitive activities such as thinking, reasoning, understanding, remembering, problem-solving, attention, and decision-making, which are difficult to observe. Therefore, uncovering these cognitive activities is very significant for mathematics education. However, they are not easy to uncover as they cannot be directly observed. Eye tracking is an important approach that can be used to reveal cognitive activities that cannot be directly observed. This study investigated how middle school students examine representations by examining their eye movements. Eighty-five (40 girls and 45 boys) 7th-grade middle school students participated in the study. In the study, gaze durations, fixation count, and fixation duration on four different representation types: verbal representation, symbolic representation, number line representation, and counters representation were compared. The findings showed that students fixated more on the verbal representation and gazed at it for longer. However, fixation durations on the verbal representation were quite short compared to the other representations. In contrast, when examining the counters, there were fewer fixations and shorter gaze durations, but fixation durations were longer. Gazes on the number line and symbolic representation did not differ across all three variables. The findings indicated that gaze on verbal and non-verbal representations differed to some extent, but not entirely. Finally, the findings are discussed in the context of mathematical representation and eye-tracking literature.
A Conceptual Framework for Fostering Gender Equity in Early Years STEM Education
Authors: Xu Lihua , Sun Jiqing , van Driel Jan , Hobbs Linda , Millar Victoria , Kewalramani Sarika , Richards Gerarda , Aranda George 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Gender equity in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education has been a persistent global issue for decades. In particular, the under-representation of girls in STEM has been highlighted as an ongoing challenge for many countries. Current approaches to promote equitable participation in STEM tend to focus on attracting school-aged girls to STEM. However, there is a growing recognition that addressing gender disparity in STEM should begin in early childhood, as gender norms and stereotypes affecting engagement in STEM emerge early on. In this paper, we explore factors influencing gendered access, engagement, and participation of young children in early years STEM through a critical review of literature on the topic of gender equity in early years STEM education. Informed by this review, we propose a conceptual framework for guiding curriculum design and development that aims to foster gender equity and inclusivity in early years STEM education. Positioning STEM practices and core values at its very heart, encapsulated through three intertwining themes of Everyday STEM, Career Awareness, and Gender Inclusivity, we argue that this framework has the potential to guide researchers, educators and parents in creating equitable opportunities for children of all genders to participate in STEM and in developing their strong sense of belonging in STEM.