bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Economic Stability and Economic Growth in Rural Communities: Dimensions Relevant to Local Employment Creation Strategy
Authors: SMITH ELDON D. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTApproaches for analyzing employment stability with aggregated data for SICs in large regions or major metropolitan areas are misleading indicators of the impact of manufacturing growth in rural areas. Performance of moderate‐sized individual establishments seriously impact total employment variation in small‐employment‐sized rural communities, requiring analysis of the determinants of employment stability of these establishments. Aggregate SIC performance and most conventional criteria for judging probable stability appear to provide very limited predictability for individual firm performance. However, manufacturing development appears generally to have desirable effects on community‐wide employment stability.
The Japanese Banking Presence in the United States and Its Regional Distribution
Authors: HULTMAN CHARLES W. , MCGEE L. RANDOLPH 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe Japanese presence in U.S. banking markets is of particular significance. Japanese represent slightly over one‐half of the total foreign banking presence in the U.S., concentrated in two states (California and New York). The growth of Japanese direct investment in the U.S. and the yen/dollar exchange rate appear to be the two most important economic factors influencing this rising Japanese banking presence. Japanese legislation liberalizing the flow of investment in and out of Japan, beginning in 1980, is a very important factor. Also, the International Banking Act of 1978 may be important in explaining the recent growth of Japanese bank branches in California.
Trends in Service Employment in Pacific Northwest Counties: 1974–1986
Authors: BEYERS WILLIAM B. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe Pacific Northwest has grown more rapidly than the U.S. in recent years, led by the expansion of services employment. However, there have been striking differences in the rates of growth of individual counties in the Northwest. These variations in growth rates are shown to be associated with the type of industrial structure found in groups of counties. Their growth is also shown to be related, in part, to changes in the economic base of individual counties, with services contributing a greater share to county exports in 1986 than in 1974.
Multisited Versus Compact Producer Service Firms: Insights from the French Case
Authors: Léo Pierre‐Yves , Philippe Jean 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTMuch of the literature on the location of producer services is concerned with their uneven spatial development across regions. Although this approach is useful, it proves to be limited, and a complementary analytical framework is required. This paper uses data from France's Annual Survey of Services to address producer service location from a novel perspective, that of the firm. A basic distinction is made between single site (compact) and multisite (network) producer service firms, and the natures of these two types are analyzed in terms of business strategies, location and performance. Further analyses are then based upon the distinctions between sales and servuction networks, and between specialized and diversified networks. Although significant for producing higher output levels, a network structure does not necessarily ensure a higher level of profitability.
Regional Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Trends in Annual Growth Rates of Total Personal Income and Population: 1959–1987
Authors: NISSAN EDWARD 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe annual growth rates of total personal income and population in regional metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas are examined for the period 1959–87, partitioned into sub periods. Statistical testing for equality of rates shows no perceptible differences in growth rates between the major categories, metro and nonmetro. Further, this study uses a model similar in scope to shift‐share analysis to test for convergence of the growth rates within these categories. It was found that for both regional nonmetro and metro areas, there was a general trend toward convergence with the exception of the 1970s decade. In that decade total population growth rates in the nonmetro areas and total income and total population growth rates in the metro areas showed significant divergences
Population Redistribution within Metropolitan Regions in the 1980s: Core, Satellite, and Exurban Growth
Authors: MORRILL RICHARD 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper evaluates the hypothesis that the growth experiences of core parts of metropolitan areas tend to predict the growth of satellite, exurban, and even more distant non‐metropolitan areas. Particular attention is paid to evidence of spillover of growth into adjacent smaller metropolises and smaller cities, and to the hypothesis that spillover is especially marked in areas of rapid growth, growth restrictions, and housing price inflation. The hypotheses are supported by 1980–1990 patterns of change, as is the continuing attractiveness of exurban and non‐metropolitan environmental amenities.
Services in Regional Employment Change
Authors: ANDRIANACOS DIMITRI , GRUIDL JOHN 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis article examines the role of services in regional employment change in Illinois from 1972–87. The approach applies recent advances in time‐series analysis to investigate both the long‐term and short‐term relationship among employment in three sectors: goods production, export‐potential services, and local services. The results indicate that there is not a long‐term relation among these variables, i.e., that they do not move together in the long run. In the short term, the evidence is that employment in the service sectors follows employment change in goods production, although the response persists for only six months. The results suggest that a policy of targeting export‐potential services is not likely to produce sustained employment growth in the other sectors.
Alternative Labor Market Closures in a Regional Model
Authors: RICKMAN DAN S. , TREYZ GEORGE I. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTFive versions of a regional economic forecasting and simulation model are implemented to evaluate the forecasting accuracy and significance for impact analysis of alternative regional labor market closures. The five versions correspond to the following specifications: downward‐sloped labor demand and upward‐sloped labor supply, vertical labor demand and upward‐sloped labor supply, an input‐output version, and two general equilibrium configurations of labor demand and supply. It is found that the estimated impacts of an exogenous employment stimulus differ greatly across the model versions. Also, post‐sample forecasts for 1981‐1988 are run for the fifty states plus Washington D.C. with each model version to test their relative forecast accuracy. The forecast comparison shows that the general equilibrium version that specifies inelastic supply is inferior to the other versions for short‐term forecasts of wage rates and long‐term employment forecasts. For both short‐ and long‐run population forecasts, the versions with completely immobile labor are more accurate than those with completely mobile labor. However, versions that specify an upward‐sloped labor supply (partial labor supply adjustment) are the most accurate.
Calpain activation is required for glutamate‐induced p27 down‐regulation in cultured cortical neurons
Authors: Akashiba Hiroki , Matsuki Norio , Nishiyama Nobuyoshi 
Published: July 2006

AbstractRecent evidence suggests that cell cycle‐related molecules play pivotal roles in multiple forms of cell death in post‐mitotic neurons. Nevertheless, it remains unclear what molecular mechanisms are involved in the regulation of expression levels and activities of these molecules. We showed previously that treatment with extracellular glutamate decreases cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor p27 before neuronal cell death. In this study, we demonstrate that reductions of both p27 and neuronal viability were dependent on activity of calpain, a Ca2+‐dependent protease, but not on activity of caspase 3. Interestingly, the glutamate‐induced reduction of p27 was not dependent on the ubiquitin–proteasome system. In fact, p27 was present only in the neuronal nucleus, whereas calpain 1, a ubiquitous calpain, was observed both in the neuronal nucleus and cytoplasm in control cultures. Glutamate treatment did not change the localization patterns of p27 and calpain 1. It reduced p27 expression level in the nucleus in a calpain‐dependent manner. In vitro experiments using neuronal cell lysate and p27 recombinant protein revealed that p27 was degraded as a substrate of activated calpain 1. These results suggest that calpain(s), activated by glutamate treatment, degrade(s) p27 in the nucleus of neurons, which might promote aberrant cell cycle progression.
Isolation and characterization of 10 polymorphic microsatellites in saltcedars (Tamarix chinensis and Tamarix ramosissima)
Authors: GASKIN JOHN F. , PEPPER ALAN E. , MANHART JAMES R. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract Tamarix ramosissima and Tamarix chinensis are invasive weed species in western North America. Previous studies based on single locus DNA sequence data revealed some information about the invasion process, but multilocus markers can provide additional information about levels of introgression and genotype origins. We have developed primers that amplify 10 polymorphic microsatellite loci from T. ramosissima; these primer pairs also successfully amplify polymorphic microsatellites from the closely related T. chinensis, a species that forms hybrids with T. ramosissima in the western USA.
Characterization of microsatellite loci from the solitary sweat bees Lasioglossum leucozonium and Lasioglossum oenotherae (Hymenoptera, Halictidae)
Authors: ZAYED AMRO 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMicrosatellite loci were isolated from two solitary sweat bees: the polylectic Lasioglossum leucozonium (10 loci) and the oligolectic Lasioglossum oenotherae (9 loci) (Hymenoptera, Halictidae). All loci were polymorphic with high observed heterozygosities (0.07–0.75 for L. leucozonium; 0.06–0.92 for L. oenotherae). These loci will be used to study the consequences of diet specialization on the population and conservation genetics of bees.
Periodontal lesions in hamsters and gnotobiotic rats infected with actinomyces of human origin
Authors: Jordan H. V. , Keyes P. H. , Bellack S. 
Published: July 2006

Albino hamsters infected with a catalase negative strain of Actinomyces of human origin developed a root surface and periodontal syndrome similar to that previously described in hamsters. Deposits of radicular plaque developed, and areas of alveolar bone resorption were noted adjacent to tooth surfaces that had been coated with copious amounts of plaque. Gingival plaque contained large numbers of microorganisms with identical characteristics to those of the infecting strain.Groups of gnotobiotic rats were separately infected with two human strains of Actinomyees, one of which was representative of A. viscosus. Gingival distortion, pocketing, alveoloclasia, and root caries were associated with the impaction of hair fibers and the formation of bacterial mats on root surfaces. In many areas bacterial coats had spread over more than half of the exposed root surfaces of maxillary first and second molars. Primary and secondary dentin was often destroyed by an invasion of these microorganisms that in some cases penetrated to the pulp chamber.
Role of the trauma nurse coordinator in Hong Kong
Authors: Yeung Janice Hiu‐Hung , Cheung Nai‐Kwong , Graham Colin A. , Chang Annice Miu‐Ling , Ho Wendy , Rainer Timothy H. 
Published: July 2006

Background:  Trauma is one of the leading causes of death for all ages in Hong Kong. In 2003, the Hospital Authority designated five hospitals as trauma centres. Five Trauma Nurse Coordinators (TNCs) were employed to facilitate multidisciplinary care and to coordinate all aspects of quality improvement for injured patients. The present paper investigates the characteristics and roles of TNCs in Hong Kong.Methods:  A questionnaire was developed and sent to all TNCs in HK to ascertain information about demographic characteristics, education, job training, roles and the TNCs’ position within the organizational structure.Results:  The TNCs were 30–40 years of age (four females); are experienced registered graduate nurses; hold post‐registration certificates or diplomas in emergency/critical care; and have 11–18 years nursing experience. All TNCs have pursued masters degrees, with two completed. Four of the TNCs had received formal training on computerized data management, abbreviated injury scale coding and trauma nurse coordination. TNCs averaged 2.5 years experience in their post. TNCs manage the trauma registry, are involved in clinical patient management, quality assurance activities, professional and public education and research.Conclusion:  TNCs play an important role in trauma management in Hong Kong.
Effect of preoperative embolization on resection of intracranial meningioma: Local experience
Authors: Lee Simon Sai‐Wai , Chan Kwong‐Yau , Pang Ka‐Hung , Datta Narendranath , Poon Yee‐Fat , Aung Tin‐Htun , Kwok John 
Published: July 2006

Background/Aim:  Preoperative devascularization of intracranial meningioma by endovascular embolization has been performed in many institutes over the past 30 years. Advancement in microsurgical techniques and endovascular technology during the period may have offset or magnified the benefit of the procedure. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of preoperative embolization on surgical resection of intracranial meningiomas.Methods:  The results of preoperative embolization followed by surgical resection of intrancranial meningiomas at a local neurosurgical unit in Kwong Wah Hospital (KWH) were compared to the results of surgical resection of intracranial meningiomas without preoperative embolization at another local neurosurgical unit in Princess Margaret Hospital (PMH) between 1 January 2000 and 30 June 2003.Results:   For convexity meningioma, there was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss, units of blood transfused or operation time between the embolized group and the non‐embolized group. For parasagittal and sphenoid wing meningioma, although the mean tumour volume was larger in the embolized group, there was less intraoperative blood loss and units of blood transfused, and shorter operation time in the embolized group as compared with the non‐embolized group.Conclusion:  There was no significant effect of preoperative embolization on surgical resection of convexity meningiomas. However, the procedure appeared to be a useful adjunct to surgical resection of parasagittal and sphenoid wing meningiomas.
Industry Looks at Saline Ground Water
Authors: Barlow A. C. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIndustry uses water for two basic purposes; for cooling and for process. The volume used for cooling is far greater than that used for process and on that basis, water for cooling is the most important use of this resource by industry. Generally, the water used for cooling or process purposes ranges in character from fresh to brackish; that is, waters having a sodium chloride concentration ranging from a few ppm to less than 3000 ppm. Above a concentration of 3000 ppm, the water is generally classified as salt or saline and it is this water and its potential use by industry which is discussed in this paper.
Interdisciplinary Training Program in Scientific Hydrologya
Authors: Harshbarger J. W. , Ferris J. G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHydrology is the science underlying the development and control of water resources of the earth. In the past, hydrologists have been trained initially in civil engineering, geology, meteorology or related fields, and have acquired knowledge of the complex hydrologic interrelationships by experience. Nowhere has it been possible for a student to obtain a coherent and complete training centered on the subject of water. The water specialist must learn to appraise the physical features of the earth and the role of various natural laws and scientific principles as they bear upon the occurrence, movement, and work of water in the hydrologic cycle of the earth and its atmosphere.The hydrologist not only works with water, but with people and their social, economic, and political problems. These problems are closely linked with water resources; man's failure to achieve a realistic integration of those factors has made water problems the greatest challenge on earth today.At the University of Arizona the new program includes undergraduate and graduate curricula leading to degrees in hydrology. The curriculum includes basic courses in hydromechanics, mathematics, physics, chemistry, botany, geology, meteorology, and economics.The total impact of this new trend in hydrologic education will become evident in better solutions of water problems in many parts of the world.
Deep Well Disposal
Authors: Hundley C. L. , Matulis J. T. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractDetails concerning the drilling and successful completion of a deep waste disposal well at Newport, Indiana are described. The well is 6160 feet deep and penetrates about 900 feet into the Mt. Simon Sandstone which is the reservoir for disposal of inorganic waste. Under natural conditions, the Mt. Simon is saturated with essentially stagnant brine. The Eau Claire Formation overlying the Mt. Simon has a near zero permeability, thus, preventing upward migration of waste. To date, millions of gallons of waste effluent have been pumped into the well at an average injection rate of approximately 70 gallons per minute.
Protection of Ground‐Water Resourcesa
Authors: Walton Graham 
Published: July 2006

AbstractCurrent water use is approximately 300 bgd. By 1980 it will be around 600 bgd. This apparent increase of 300 bgd may be met by recovery of used water or development of additional resources. In either case, the ground‐water aquifers will play an important role.Although ground water was the source of only 20 percent of the water used in 1960, it provided domestic water supplies to nearly 90,000,000 people. Where available, the use of ground water may be advantageous because the minimum in treatment is required, long pipe lines are unnecessary, its temperature and other characteristics are uniform and the supply is dependable.In order to develop and utilize both existing and potential ground‐water resources it is recommended that surveys be made to locate water‐bearing formations and to determine their dependable yield, that investigations leading to artificial recharge of aquifers be made, that the problems of utilization of flow through soils for treatment of water be studied, and that the various state agencies concerned with conservation and pollution of water be provided with both legislative authority and the personnel necessary to protect ground‐water supplies.
Hydrologic Bench Marks to Distinguish the Effects of Climate vs. Mana
Authors: Wilson H. D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere is a vital need for hydrologic data representing various environments that are free from the effects of man's activities. Without such data hydrologists will be stymied in distinguishing hydrologic changes caused by man from those caused by climate. To provide this background information, the U. S. Geological Survey is planning a nationwide hydrologic bench‐mark program in which runoff, transport of sediment, precipitation, changes in vegetation, fluctuations in ground water, and other hydrologic events will be studied in locales unaffected by the works of man. The knowledge gained in operating these bench marks will be invaluable in statistical appraisals of hydrologic data wherein a part of the record is affected by man's activities.
Well Points for Dewateringa
Authors: Noble D. G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTechniques in use of well‐point equipment for dewatering operations in Australia are described. Construction features of equipment used successfully in drying‐out trenches for pipelaying, excavation for underground structures, and dewatering base area for low‐level pumping stations are discussed. Typical layouts of well‐point equipment and typical pumping equipment features are given. Case histories of recent use of well‐point equipment are presented.
Refuse Disposal, Its Significancea
Authors: Weaver L. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractApproximately 4 pounds of refuse per capita per day are produced in the United States. The term refuse, as used here, refers to the useless, unused, unwanted, or discarded solid waste materials resulting from normal community activities; refuse includes such materials as garbage, rubbish, ashes, street refuse, dead animals, and solid industrial wastes (Anon., 1958). Thus, every day our urban population produces over 400,000,000 pounds of refuse that must be disposed of by dumping on land, grinding and disposal with sewage, incineration or that must be made reusable by one or more reclamation processes. Over 1400 communities dispose of their refuse by sanitary landfill techniques, i.e., compaction and covering with compacted earth on suitable land by use of mechanical equipment such as crawler type tractors (Figure 1). Many thousands more dispose of this material in open dumps on land without the degree of sanitary control recommended by health agencies (Figure 2).Wherever refuse is deposited on land, the potential impact on surface waters or subterranean aquifers may be significant. This can be better appreciated when one considers, for example, that ordinary community refuse may have a 5‐day BOD of 14,000 to 180,000 ppm and an alkalinity (to MO as CaCO3) of 2600 to more than 23,000 ppm, as shown in Table 1 (Anon., 1952a). In one study bacteriological examination of landfill material showed an average of 740,000 coliforms per gram of refuse. The leachate from a landfill has been found to have a 5‐day BOD from 6 to more than 7000 ppm (Carpenter and Setter, 1940; McDermott, 1950).The question is, of course, what does this mean translated into terms of potential ground‐water pollution? And further, when this potential is known, what then are the practicalities involved in present disposal practices and their implications with respect to the development of existing and future ground‐water pollution problems?