bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Eating disorders and attachment: the effects of hidden family processes on eating disorders
Authors: Ringer Francoise , Crittenden Patricia McKinsey 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAimThis study examined pattern of attachment in cohort of women with an eating disorder to determine what types of self‐protective strategies they used, and further whether there was a specific relationship between strategy and diagnosis.MethodThe participants were 62 young women with an eating disorder (19 with anorexia nervosa, 26 with bulimia nervosa and 17 with bulimic anorexia). Attachment was assessed using the Adult attachment interview (AAI), classified using Crittenden's Dynamic‐Maturational Method.ResultsThe results indicated that all women with an eating disorder were anxiously attached. About half used an extreme coercive Type C strategy while most of the others combined coercion with an extreme dismissing Type A strategy. The content of the AAIs suggested lack of resolution of trauma or loss among the mothers and also of hidden family conflict between the parents. This in turn elicited extreme strategies for generating parent–child contingency from the daughters.ConclusionsCentral in almost all cases was the women's confusion regarding how parental behaviour was tied causally to their own behaviour. Questions are raised regarding the focus of treatment. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Soil deformation and its spectral signature
Authors: Wells Robert R. , Prasad S. N. , Römkens M. J. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSpatial variation of the surface micro‐relief in a Sharkey clay soil was investigated. The micro‐relief measurements of the soil surface were obtained using an automated infrared laser system and evaluated with methods of Fourier analysis. The authors illustrate the spectral technique with a simple example and then use the technique to interpret the surface micro‐relief patterns of soil samples subjected to three simulated rainstorm intensities. The periodicity of the soil surface micro‐relief in the longitudinal direction was 80–120 mm. The periodic surface micro‐relief patterns immediately following the rainstorm are shown to be an early manifestation of the cracking pattern. Published in 2006 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the erosion rates in the upper Maracujá Basin (Quadrilátero Ferrífero/MG, Brazil) by the in situ produced cosmogenic 10Be method
Authors: Salgado André , Varajão César , Colin Fabrice , Braucher Régis , Varajão Angélica , Nalini Jr Herminio 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present work quantifies the erosive processes in the two main substrates (schists–phyllites and granites–gneisses) of the upper Maracujá Basin in the Quadrilátero Ferrífero/MG, Brazil, a region of semi‐humid tropical climate. Two measuring methods of concentration were used: (i) in situ produced 10Be in quartz veins (surface erosion rates) and (ii) 10Be in fluvial sediments (basin erosion rates). The results confirm that (i) erosion tends to be more aggressive close to the headwaters than in the lower parts of the basin and (ii) the region is now affected by dissection. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enhancement of osteoblast gene expression by mechanically compatible porous Si‐rich nanocomposite
Authors: Gupta Gautam , El‐Ghannam Ahmed , Kirakodu Sreenatha , Khraisheh Marwan , Zbib Hussein 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSynthesis of a porous bioactive ceramic implant for load bearing applications is a challenging task in maxillofacial and orthopedic surgeries. A novel bioactive resorbable silica‐calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) has recently been introduced as a potential bone graft. In the present study, we employed SCPC to develop a resorbable porous scaffold and analyzed the effects of composition and porosity on the mechanical properties. The ranges of compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of SCPC containing 32–56% porosity were 1.5–50 MPa and 0.14–2.1 GPa, respectively, which matched the corresponding values for trabecular bone. The compressive strength of dense SCPC was dependent on the Si content and acquired values (93–285 MPa) comparable to that of cortical bone. The superior mechanical properties of SCPC are attributed to the intricate interactions at the boundaries of the nanograins and to the homogenous distribution of hierarchical pore‐structure throughout the material volume. X‐ray computed tomography and mercury porosimetry analyses revealed high interconnectivity of the pores in the size range 3 nm to 650 μm. Quantitative real‐time PCR analyses showed that neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts attached to Si‐rich SCPC expressed 5‐ and 26‐fold higher osteocalcin mRNA levels compared to cells attached to ProOsteon™ hydroxyapatite disks and tissue culture polystyrene plates respectively, after four days in culture. Results of the present study strongly suggest that porous, bioactive resorbable SCPCs can serve as tissue engineering scaffolds for cell delivery to treat load‐bearing bone defects in orthopedic and maxillofacial surgeries. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Accurate relativistic adapted Gaussian basis sets for Cesium through Radon without variational prolapse and to be used with both uniform sphere and Gaussian nucleus models
Authors: Haiduke Roberto L. A. , Da Silva Albérico B. F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAccurate relativistic adapted Gaussian basis sets (RAGBSs) from Cs (Z = 55) through Rn (Z = 86) without variational prolapse were developed by using the polynomial version of the Generator Coordinate Dirac‐Fock method. The RAGBSs presented here can be used with any of two popular finite nucleus models, the uniform sphere and the Gaussian models. The largest RAGBS error is 4.5 mHartree for Radon with a size of 30s27p17d11f. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2006
The use of time series modeling for the determination of rainfall climates of Iran
Authors: Soltani S. , Modarres R. , Eslamian S. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn this study, regional climates of Iran were identified based on the properties of the monthly rainfall time series models of 28 main cities of Iran. The autocorrelation (ACF) and partial autocorrelation (PACF) of selected series revealed the seasonal behavior of the monthly rainfall. After the parameters of the models were estimated and the residuals of the models analysed to be time independent and the normality was checked using Portmanteau lack of fit and nonparametric tests, the multiplicative ARIMA model was fitted to monthly rainfall time series of the stations. To determine regional climates, a hierarchical cluster analysis was applied on autocorrelation coefficients at different lags and three main climatic groups were found based on the time series models, namely, simple, moderate and complex climates. The results of the time series modeling showed a high variation of the temporal pattern of the monthly rainfall over Iran except for the margins of the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf. The study also shows that the correlation between the seasonal autocorrelation coefficient of the rainfall time series and the rainfall coefficient of variation and elevation of the stations is significant while lag‐one autocorrelation coefficient does not correlate to rainfall coefficient of variation and the elevation of the stations. Different models also imply the high variation in the spatial rainfall producing mechanism and different stationarity and periodicity characteristics of the rainfall temporal pattern over Iran. A nomenclature of the abbreviation is given at the end of the paper. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Optimization via experimental design of an SPE‐HPLC‐UV‐fluorescence method for the determination of valsartan and its metabolite in human plasma samples
Authors: Iriarte Gorka , Ferreirós Nerea , Ibarrondo Izaskun , Alonso Rosa Maria , Maguregi Miren Itxaso , Gonzalez Lorena , Jiménez Rosa Maria 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA chemometric approach was applied for the optimization of the extraction and separation of the antihypertensive drug valsartan and its metabolite valeryl‐4‐hydroxy‐valsartan from human plasma samples. Due to the high number of experimental and response variables to be studied, fractional factorial design (FFD) and central composite design (CCD) were used to optimize the HPLC‐UV‐fluorescence method. First, the significant variables were chosen with the help of FFD; then, a CCD was run to obtain the optimal values for the significant variables. The measured responses were the corrected areas of the two analytes and the resolution between the chromatographic peaks. Separation of valsartan, its metabolite valeryl‐4‐hydroxy‐valsartan and candesartan M1, used as internal standard, was made using an Atlantis dC18 100 mm×3.9 mm id, 100 Å, 3 μm chromatographic column. The mobile phase was run in gradient elution mode and consisted of ACN with 0.025% TFA and a 5 mM phosphate buffer with 0.025% TFA at pH 2.5. The initial percentage of ACN was 32% with a stepness of 4.5%/min to reach the 50%. A flow rate of 1.30 mL/min was applied throughout the chromatographic run, and the column temperature was kept to 40 ± 0.2°C. In the SPE procedure, experimental design was also used in order at achieve a maximum recovery percentage and extracts free from plasma interferences. The extraction procedure for spiked human plasma samples was carried out using C8 cartridges, phosphate buffer (pH 2, 60 mM) as conditioning agent, a washing step with methanol‐phosphate buffer (40 : 60 v/v), a drying step of 8 min, and diethyl ether as eluent. The SPE‐HPLC‐UV‐fluorescence method developed allowed the separation and quantitation of valsartan and its metabolite from human plasma samples with an adequate resolution and a total analysis time of 1 h.
Comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatographic analysis of commercial lemon‐flavored beverages
Authors: Komura Hajime 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFresh lemon juice and lemon‐flavored beverages were analyzed by using comprehensive 2‐D GC (GC×GC) with flame‐ionization detection, with a nonpolar–polar column combination. A low‐alcohol, ready‐to‐drink (RTD) beverage was also analyzed as fresh, and after deterioration for 12 days at 50°C. Identification of some of the components in the 2‐D plots was performed by comparison of peak positions of authentic standards and comparison with 1‐D GC. However, without the aid of GC×GC‐mass spectral data, only 24 components were identified; a large number of components remained unassigned. In some soft drinks obtained in the market, components indicative of deterioration, such as p‐methylacetophenone and p‐cymen‐8‐ol were already present in the products. In contrast, even upon heat challenge, a low‐alcohol RTD beverage did not generate deterioration products of citral, such as p‐methylacetophenone and the intermediates, p‐menth‐2‐ene‐1,8‐diols. This was apparently related to the fact that the original formulation contained only a minute amount of the citral ingredient.
Effect of quetiapine in psychotic Parkinson's disease patients: A double‐blind labeled study of 3 months' duration
Authors: Rabey Jose M. , Prokhorov Tatiana , Miniovitz Ala , Dobronevsky Eugenia , Klein Colin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis double‐blind randomized study examined the effect of quetiapine (QTP) on drug‐induced psychosis (DIP) in Parkinson's disease (PD). Conventional antipsychotic drugs are associated with adverse extrapyramidal effects. QTP is a new atypical antipsychotic drug used in the treatment of psychosis in PD. A total of 58 consecutive psychotic PD patients (mean age, 75 ± 8.3 years; mean disease duration, 10.5 ± 6.4 years; 29 with dementia) were randomly assigned to 2 groups: 30 were treated with QTP (mean dose, 119.2 ± 56.4 mg) and 28 received placebo for 3 months. The motor part of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Mini‐Mental State Examination, the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, the Epworth Sleepiness Score, and the Clinical Global Impression Scale were administered before and during the study. No significant difference was found between the groups in all parameters. There were 32 PD patients (55%) completed the 3‐month study (15 [26%] QTP and 17 [29%] placebo). Treatment was interrupted in 15 patients in the QTP and 11 in the placebo groups. This double‐blind study did not show a beneficial effect of QTP for the treatment of DIP in PD. The high rate of withdrawal probably influenced the results. Larger double‐blind studies are required. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
On the Lp–Lq maximal regularity for Stokes equations with Robin boundary condition in a bounded domain
Authors: Shimada Rieko 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe obtain the Lp–Lq maximal regularity of the Stokes equations with Robin boundary condition in a bounded domain in ℝn (n⩾2). The Robin condition consists of two conditions: v ⋅ u=0 and αu+β(T(u, p)v – 〈T(u, p)v, v〉v)=h on the boundary of the domain with α, β⩾0 and α+β=1, where u and p denote a velocity vector and a pressure, T(u, p) the stress tensor for the Stokes flow and v the unit outer normal to the boundary of the domain. It presents the slip condition when β=1 and non‐slip one when α=1, respectively. The slip condition is appropriate for problems that involve free boundaries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Needle electromyography of the rectus abdominis in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Xu Yingsheng , Zheng Juyang , Zhang Shuo , Kang Dexuan , Zhang Jun , Fan Dongsheng 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe examined the role of needle electromyography (EMG) of the rectus abdominis (RA) in assessing thoracic involvement in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Needle EMG of the RA was performed in 67 patients with sporadic ALS and 110 healthy controls. The presence of abnormal spontaneous activity, configuration of motor unit action potentials (MUAPs), and recruitment pattern of motor unit potentials were examined. In ALS patients, MUAPs in the RA were of prolonged duration, large amplitude, and showed increased prevalence of polyphasic waveforms compared to controls. Significant differences in MUAP parameters, presence of abnormal spontaneous potentials, and interference patterns were noted between ALS patients and controls. Additionally, we found that active denervation was more frequent in the RA of ALS patients with dyspnea than those without dyspnea. Thus, conventional needle EMG of the RA is a valuable electrophysiological method to assess clinical and subclinical involvement of thoracic lower motor neurons in patients with suspected ALS. Muscle Nerve, 2006
Thermodynamic effects of proline introduction on protein stability
Authors: Prajapati Ravindra Singh , Das Mili , Sreeramulu Sridhar , Sirajuddin Minhajuddin , Srinivasan Sankaranarayanan , Krishnamurthy Vaishnavi , Ranjani Ranganathan , Ramakrishnan C. , Varadarajan Raghavan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe amino acid Pro is more rigid than other naturally occurring amino acids and, in proteins, lacks an amide hydrogen. To understand the structural and thermodynamic effects of Pro substitutions, it was introduced at 13 different positions in four different proteins, leucine–isoleucine–valine binding protein, maltose binding protein, ribose binding protein, and thioredoxin. Three of the maltose binding protein mutants were characterized by X‐ray crystallography to confirm that no structural changes had occurred upon mutation. In the remaining cases, fluorescence and CD spectroscopy were used to show the absence of structural change. Stabilities of wild type and mutant proteins were characterized by chemical denaturation at neutral pH and by differential scanning calorimetry as a function of pH. The mutants did not show enhanced stability with respect to chemical denaturation at room temperature. However, 6 of the 13 single mutants showed a small but significant increase in the free energy of thermal unfolding in the range of 0.3–2.4 kcal/mol, 2 mutants showed no change, and 5 were destabilized. In five of the six cases, the stabilization was because of reduced entropy of unfolding. However, the magnitude of the reduction in entropy of unfolding was typically several fold larger than the theoretical estimate of −4 cal K−1 mol−1 derived from the relative areas in the Ramachandran map accessible to Pro and Ala residues, respectively. Two double mutants were constructed. In both cases, the effects of the single mutations on the free energy of thermal unfolding were nonadditive. Proteins 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Core Electron Binding Energy (CEBE) as Descriptors in Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) Analysis of Cytotoxicities of a Series of Simple Phenols
Authors: Takahata Yuji , Arakawa Masmoto , Funatsu Kimito , Costa Maria Cristina Andreazza , Segala Maximiliano 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCore Electron Binding Energies (CEBEs) of ring carbon atoms in 4‐X‐phenols were calculated using density‐functional theory with the scheme ΔEKS (PW86‐PW91)/TZP//HF/6‐31G*. The phenols show toxicity to fast growing cells. Using CEBEs of four distinguished carbon atoms in the phenyl ring and oxygen atom in OH of the phenols, the compounds were well separated and grouped by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Using three out of the five CEBEs, together with σ+ and log P of the phenols as descriptor, we established a QSAR model with Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression which resulted in Q2=0.914. CEBE values when used together with traditionally used descriptors such as log P and σ+ turned out to be useful descriptors in modeling the activity (QSAR) of the compounds with PLS.
Feedback control synthesis of multiple frequency domain specifications via generalized KYP lemma
Authors: Iwasaki T. , Hara S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper considers a control synthesis problem for linear systems to meet design specifications in terms of multiple frequency domain inequalities in (semi)finite ranges. Our approach is based on the generalized Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov (GKYP) lemma, and dynamic output feedback controllers of order equal to the plant are considered. A new multiplier expansion is proposed to convert the synthesis condition to a linear matrix inequality (LMI) condition through a standard linearizing change of variables. In a single objective setting, the LMI condition may or may not be conservative, depending on the choice of the basis for the multiplier expansion. We provide a qualification for the basis matrix to yield non‐conservative LMI conditions. It is difficult to determine the basis matrix meeting such a qualification in general. However, it is shown that qualified bases can be found for some cases, and that the qualification condition can be used to find reasonable choices of the basis for other cases. The synthesis method is then extended to the multiple objective case where a sufficient condition is given for the existence of a controller to meet all the prescribed specifications. Finally, design examples for an active magnetic bearing are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tutorial in biostatistics: competing risks and multi‐state models
Authors: Putter H. , Fiocco M. , Geskus R. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStandard survival data measure the time span from some time origin until the occurrence of one type of event. If several types of events occur, a model describing progression to each of these competing risks is needed. Multi‐state models generalize competing risks models by also describing transitions to intermediate events. Methods to analyze such models have been developed over the last two decades. Fortunately, most of the analyzes can be performed within the standard statistical packages, but may require some extra effort with respect to data preparation and programming. This tutorial aims to review statistical methods for the analysis of competing risks and multi‐state models. Although some conceptual issues are covered, the emphasis is on practical issues like data preparation, estimation of the effect of covariates, and estimation of cumulative incidence functions and state and transition probabilities. Examples of analysis with standard software are shown. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tables for the analysis of selective predation experiments
Authors: Manly B. F. J. 
Published: October 2006

SummaryThis paper discusses the analysis of selective predation experiments with two types of prey when the prey are not replaced after they have been removed by the predators. In an earlier paper (Manlyet al., 1972) consideration was given to situations where the replication of experiments allows the estimation of standard errors from the experimental results; in the present paper a table of standard errors is given for a large range of experiments and replication is therefore no longer necessary. The standard errors were calculated on an electronic computer by solving the exact equations given in the earlier paper.The suggested method of analysis is illustrated using some data where the prey were red and yellow artificial ‘maggots’ and the predators were garden birds.
The ingestion in wolf spiders II. The expression of degree of hunger and amount of ingestion in relation to spider's hunger
Authors: Nakamura Kazuo 
Published: October 2006

SummaryTo express the degree of hunger during both of feeding and unfeeding periods of spiders, equations for the amount of ingestion and food disappearance from the gut were presented using three components: capacity of gut, rate of ingestion and rate of food disappearance. The degree of hunger was expressed by the rate of unfilled capacity of gut to the capacity of gut based on these equations.The rates of ingestion and food disappearance were estimated from the results of experiment with a wolf spider, Pardosa laura. The equations obtained well applied to the experimental result. By changing values of these rates, it was revealed that the ratio of rates of ingestion to food disappearance determine the amount of ingestion.
Resolving the limitation – regulation debate
Authors: White T. C. R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMany recent ecological studies have demonstrated that animal populations are limited by their food. Examples are presented here to refute the view that natural populations are regulated by negative feedback mortality factors. Additionally, several incorrect statements in a recent publication are discussed, specifically (1) that there is no difference between the concepts of regulation and limitation; (2) that the debate is about what causes the time it takes a population to reach the carrying capacity of its habitat, not what sets that carrying capacity; (3) that the results of a laboratory experiment using a closed population with fixed amounts of food represents what happens in natural open populations with varying supplies of food; (4) that a thermostat analogy can be used, assuming that an “equilibrium” is controlling natural populations “from above” instead of the original steam analogy which says the varying input of a resource “from below” is the controlling factor.