bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Stability of freeze-dried plasma prepared from patients on oral anticoagulants
Authors: Brozović Milica , Howarth D. J. , Visser L. P. Van Halem , Loeliger E. A. 
Published: June 2007

The suitability of freeze-dried plasmas from patients on oral anticoagulants to serve as reference material in the calibration of thromboplastins used in the control of oral anticoagulant treatment was assessed in two centres. One pooled normal plasma and four pooled plasmas from patients at different levels of anticoagulation were collected into HEPES-citrate containing Trasylol. The plasmas, in 1 ml volumes, were freeze dried in siliconized ampoules under the optimal conditions used for biological standards. Small aliquots of the same plasmas were stored at −70°C.Five different thromboplastins were used to carry out the tests on these plasmas. There was little difference in the clotting times obtained with five reference thromboplastins (two human, two rabbit, and one bovine reagent) on frozen and freeze-dried plasma, if the latter was tested immediately after complete reconstitution or within six hours of reconstitution if kept at +4°C. Reconstituted plasmas showed a marked shortening of clotting times when stored at 22 and 37°C if thromboplastins sensitive to activation of factor VII were used. In contrast, when thromboplastins sensitive to factor V were used, prothrombin times in plasmas stored at 22 and 37°C became prolonged due to the loss of factor V.Freeze-dried plasmas from patients on oral anticoagulants can be used to calibrate thromboplastins, provided they are used immediately after complete reconstitution or kept at +4°C for use within four to six hours of reconstitution.
The effect of pancreatectomy and other agents on iron absorption and storage in the rat
Authors: Sinniah R. , Bell T. K. , Neill D. W. 
Published: June 2007

Evidence from both animal and human studies had been presented by various authors to suggest that reduction of pancreatic function increased iron absorption. The present experimental studies in rats showed that there was increased radioiron (59Fe) absorption after pancreatectomy, but this appeared to be due to the operative procedure as there was a similar increased absorption in animals who had sham operations performed. There was no certain evidence that pancreatic enzymes or extract had a specific inhibitory effect on the absorption of iron. But with increased doses of pancreatic extract, above the normal doses, the amount of radioiron absorption was greatly enhanced.A significant increase in hepatic storage iron was found in the groups of rats who had been fed a diet supplemented with dl-ethionine. All these animals showed extensive damage and atrophy of the pancreas, with degeneration and considerable regenerative activity in the liver. The absolute increased hepatic storage iron was not due to the liberation and laying down of haemosiderin from the damaged cells or to decreased liver mass. Rats who had carbon tetrachloride-induced liver cirrhosis without pancreatic damage showed no increased hepatic storage iron.It was observed that in liver damage with considerable cellular proliferation there was increased liver iron content. As this was found only when there was associated pancreatic injury, it is suggested that decreased pancreatic function in the presence of liver cell injury with cellular proliferation leads to increased iron absorption and storage. The relationship of liver injury with cellular proliferation and pancreatic damage to increased hepatic storage iron merits further study.
Controlling infection in a district general hospital
Authors: Noone Paul , Shafi M. S. 
Published: June 2007

The way in which hospital-acquired infection has been brought under control over a three-year period in a district general hospital is described.The main success has been achieved in reducing sepsis caused byStaph. aureus, especially methicillin-resistant strains, andPseudomonas aeruginosa.These reductions were achieved in spite of inadequate ward isolation and operating theatre facilities, and before there was any marked change in patterns of prescribing antibiotics.Our experiences indicate the significant improvements that can be made in controlling nosocomial sepsis even without structural or other major alterations in a hospital, providing that the problem is fully appreciated and the infection control team are concerned enough to act vigorously in influencing their clinical colleagues.
Study of the pedigree of a patient with type III hyperlipoproteinaemia and sinking prebeta lipoprotein
Authors: Ballantyne D. , Jubb Janet S. , Morgan H. G. , Lawrie T. D. V. 
Published: June 2007

A 49-year-old woman, suffering from peripheral vascular disease, was found to have two lipoprotein abnormalities, namely, type III hyperlipoproteinaemia and sinking prebeta lipoprotein. Twenty-one members of the kindred were investigated in an attempt to determine the pattern of inheritance of both of these abnormalities.In a 21-year-old son of the proband plasma electrophoresis was in keeping with a type V hyperlipoproteinaemia. It is suggested that this may be a stage in the development of the characteristic type III pattern. If this is so it is consistent with previous suggestions of an incompletely penetrant single autosomal allele. Sinking prebeta lipoprotein was found in the plasma of two other members of the family. If this abnormality is also inherited as a single autosomal allele it must have a very low penetrance and the possibility that the abnormality is acquired cannot be excluded.
The optical and electron microscopic determination of pulmonary asbestos fibre concentration and its relation to the human pathological reaction
Authors: Ashcroft T. , Heppleston A. G. 
Published: June 2007

The quantitative extraction of asbestos fibres from asbestotic lung by alkali digestion has been refined by maceration of the tissue without prior drying, the minimum use of centrifugation, and the adoption of phase contrast microscopy. Preliminary experiments suggested that, using this technique, asbestos fibre counts were accurate to within at least ± 20% and in most instances to within ± 10%.The method was used to assess asbestos concentrations in lung tissue showing various degrees and forms of fibrosis. The results, as determined by light microscopy, indicated that uncoated fibres generally outnumbered coated fibres. In mild and moderate asbestosis there was a progressive increase in concentration of asbestos fibres, both coated and uncoated, with increasing severity of fibrosis, whereas in severe asbestosis no correlation existed between the fibre concentration and the form or the extent of the pathological reaction. It is suggested that the severe fibrosis results from the supervention of non-specific inflammatory processes.Asbestos fibre diameter distributions, gauged by electron microscopy, were fairly constant irrespective of the degree of fibrosis. Optically visible fibres constituted between 12 and 30% of the total, so that an optical count may be said to give an approximate indication of the total asbestos concentration and, so far as asbestosis is concerned, may well serve for comparative purposes. The relation between asbestos and neoplasia will, however, require identification and quantitation of particular types of the mineral by microanalytical techniques.
Indirect cutaneous immunofluorescence
Authors: Burnham Thomas K. 
Published: June 2007

Sera of 532 patients with bullous diseases, connective tissue diseases and malignancies were tested for pemphigus epidermal intercellular fluorescence (ICF) and for the bullous pemphigoid `tubular' band by the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Human normal skin cryostat sections were used.The band and ICF were seen primarily only in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus respectively, Some indirect band and ICF-negative patients demonstrated positive direct results in involved skin. suggesting that direct tests should be performed in indirect negative patients clinically thought to have pemphigus or bullous pemphigoid.No close correlation was found between disease activity and positive or negative indirect tests in bullous pemphigoid and pemphigus. Steroids did not interfere with positive results of this diagnostically extremely valuable test.
A comparison of rapid methods including imprint cytodiagnosis for the diagnosis of breast tumours
Authors: Tribe C. R. 
Published: June 2007

Rapid diagnoses were made on 510 breast lumps by three methods in sequence and the results compared with those obtained by paraffin histology.Naked-eye examination of the excised lumps correctly distinguished between benign and malignant tumours in 95·1% of cases with 23 (4·5%) false negative and two (0·4%) false positive results.Rapid imprint cytodiagnosis was correct in 96·9% of the 391 lumps imprinted with 12 (3·1%) false negatives and no false positive results.Frozen sections gave the correct diagnosis in 99·4% of the 510 cases with three (0·6%) false negative and no false positive results.The use of cytology in the diagnosis of breast tumours is discussed.
Effect of intravenous prostaglandin E2on platelet function, coagulation, and fibrinolysis
Authors: Howie P. W. , Calder A. A. , Forbes C. D. , Prentice C. R. M. 
Published: June 2007

Prostaglandin E2(PGE2) was infused intravenously to eight women for the termination of pregnancy and tests of platelet function: coagulation and fibrinolysis were studied before and during the infusion.Platelet adhesiveness, as measured by a cellophane membrane test-cell system, was significantly diminished by PGE2, a change which was not noted by the glass-bead column technique. The administration of PGE2caused more rapid platelet disaggregation following ADP-induced aggregation but had no effect on the platelet count, collagen-induced aggregation, or platelet factor 3 activity. An increase in plasma antithrombin concentration and euglobulin lysis activity was also noted.These results support the concept that prostaglandin E2might have a role in the prevention of thrombosis.
A rapid assay method for cephalosporins
Authors: Noone Paul 
Published: June 2007

A simple, rapid assay for cephalosporins is described. The method is based on the inhibition by cephalosporins of the fermentation of glucose or inositol by a strain of Providence resistant to aminoglycoside antibiotics.The method gives answers which are as accurate as those obtained by standard agar diffusion techniques within four hours, and utilizes skills and resources readily available in most routine bacteriology departments. Results are not affected by gentamicin or kanamycin concurrently administered to the patient.This method will be of value in helping to monitor cephalosporin therapy in patients with serious sepsis, especially those with impaired renal function, and may help in elucidating and preventing the problem of nephrotoxicity associated with cephalosporin administration.
Simplification of urinary aldosterone measurement by radioimmunoassay
Authors: Cope C. L. , Loizou S. 
Published: June 2007

An anti-aldosterone serum has been used to measure urinary aldosterone concentration. A single stage of paper chromatography provides an extract of sufficient purity. Further purification by additional chromatography in a different solvent system only improves the purity by 3% ± 8 (SD). Blanks are negligible and recovery of added aldosterone is 104% ± 10 (SD).A simplified rapid screening assay capable of revealing gross deviations from the normal is also suggested.The diagnostic value of the assay is indicated.
Dose response relationships and interference of simultaneous skin tests in delayed hypersensitivity
Authors: Jokipii A. M. M. , Jokipii Liisa 
Published: June 2007

The relationship between the intensity of the delayed hypersensitivity reaction and the dose of antigen used for its elicitation change with time after sensitization. At three weeks the reactions to 100 μg of egg albumen were little different from those to 1 μg but at 14 weeks 100 μg gave much stronger reactions. This means that to follow the development of a delayed hypersensitivity response several antigen doses should be used.If two skin tests were performed simultaneously in the same individual, the stronger one suppressed the weaker one, regardless of whether two different doses of the same antigen or two different antigens were used. Consequently, not more than one skin test at a time should be performed.
Hyperaggregation effect in idiopathic thrombocytopenia and multiple transfused patients
Authors: Wagner Norman , Degnan Thomas J. 
Published: June 2007

A new technique for detecting platelet antibodies was investigated. The serum from patients having platelet antibodies was added to normal group O compatible pooled platelet-rich plasma. Platelet aggregation induced by adrenaline and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was significantly increased as compared to the identical platelet-rich plasma without serum. The platelet-rich plasma with serum added did not aggregate spontaneously. When an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (tolazoline) was added, the primary wave of aggregation induced by adrenaline was equally reversed with platelet-rich plasma, with or without serum.Although platelet antibodies by themselves did not agglutinate platelets in our test system, it is probable that platelet antibodies interact with platelets and potentiate their ability to aggregate. It is suggested that the platelet aggregometer is a useful tool for the detection of platelet antibodiesin vitro.
The isolation of enteroviruses from cases of acute conjunctivitis
Authors: Higgins P. G. , Scott R. J. D. 
Published: June 2007

In two epidemics of acute enterovirus conjunctivitis the diagnosis could only be established by the use of human embryonic organ cultures. In one instance cultures of ciliated respiratory epithelium proved sensitive to the virus but similar culture failed to support growth of the virus from the second outbreak which was isolated in organ cultures of conjunctiva.The virus associated with a third outbreak had previously been isolated from the original material by culture in human embryo kidney cells, but it required passage in organ culture for its detection after the specimens had been diluted.
Sickle cell anaemia and the NBT test
Authors: Walters Thomas R. , Reddy B. Narasimha 
Published: June 2007

Patients with sickle cell anaemia have an increased susceptibility to bacterial infections Previous reports of false-negative nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) tests in the presence of bacteria infection and of a faulty phagocytic response following stimulationin vitrohave suggested the possibility of polymorphonuclear dysfunction in certain patients with sickle cell anaemia.In the present study an unstimulated, histochemical NBT technique was used to evaluate the test in patients with sickle cell anaemia. There was a significant difference between the results in the group of patients with infection (mean NBT-positive cells 42·7%) compared to those without infection (mean 9·4%). There was no significant correlation between the total white blood cell count, absolute number of polymorphonuclear cells, and infectious complications.These findings indicate an appropriate polymorphonuclear cell response, as evaluated by the NBT test, in patients with sickle cell anaemia and bacterial infection. The NBT test may be used as an additional parameter in the differentiation of those patients with sickle cell anaemia with bacterial infection.
Sensitivity ofStreptococcus pyogenesto sulphamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and cotrimoxazole
Authors: Yourassowsky E. , Vanderlinden M. P. , Schoutens E. 
Published: June 2007

When tested on Wellcotest (sensitivity test agar, Wellcome) supplemented with lysed horse blood, 59 clinical isolates of beta-haemolytic streptococci, belonging to several serological groups, are all sensitive to sulphamethoxazole, to trimethoprim, and to cotrimoxazole. The results obtained on diagnostic sensitivity test agar (Oxoid) containing lysed horse blood are comparable. When Mueller Hinton agar (Difco) is used, some of these strains are called resistant: this is especially true in the case of sulphamethoxazole.Furthermore, on Mueller Hinton agar, even supplemented with lysed blood, discrepancies between diameters of inhibition zone and MIC values exist for the three drugs tested, strains with a low MIC being considered resistant by the disc method. Such disagreements are not observed with non-streptococcal control strains.
Plasma alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in hepatobiliary disease
Authors: Afonja A. O. , Baron D. N. 
Published: June 2007

By cellulose acetate or acrylamide gel electrophoresis it is possible to separate these alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes from serum: [anode] fast liver, slow liver, placenta/Regan, bone, intestine, bile [cathode]. Heat or chemical inhibition can confirm the differentiation.Normal adult serum always contains slow-liver isoenzyme, and sometimes bone isoenzyme: the latter is always present in serum of children. In hepatobiliary disease slow-liver isoenzyme was always increased: intestinal isoenzyme appeared in many cases of cirrhosis (of blood groups B and 0) but fast-liver and bile isoenzymes were occasionally seen in miscellaneous cases. The findings in other diseases included Regan isoenzyme in six out of 45 cases of malignant disease.
A functioning black adenoma of the adrenal cortex: A clinico-pathological entity
Authors: Visser J. W. , Boeijinga J. K. , Meer C. V. D. 
Published: June 2007

A 25-year-old woman is described who had suspected hyperfunction of the adrenal cortex. She complained of fatiguability, excessive hair growth, and attacks of swelling of the face, hands, and ankles. Moreover she had a `moon face', hypertension, a `buffalo hump', and livid striae of the loins and hypogastrium. Adrenal function tests yielded values which could not be clearly interpreted.Operation showed a `black adenoma' of the adrenal cortex on the right side. As far as it is known this is the first published case of this extremely rare lesion which was operated upon and caused nearly complete remission of the endocrine disturbance.
The elution of99Tcmfrom red cells and its effect on red-cell volume measurement
Authors: Ferrant A. , Lewis S. M. , Szur L. 
Published: June 2007

Technetium-labelled erythrocytes provide a satisfactory agent for the measurement of red-cell volume with the advantages that there is a low radiation dose and repeated measurements can be readily carried out. A method of labelling red cells using99TcmO4−with a small amount of stannous chloride has been evaluated in 20 patients, and compared with measurements of red-cell volume with51Cr-labelled erythrocytes carried out simultaneously in the same subjects.No significant differences between the results by either method occurred if the period of observation was limited to 20 minutes after the injection of labelled cells. Thereafter, elution of Tc from the cells made the determination of red-cell volume with99Tcmless reliable. Accordingly, the use of99Tcmas the label for red-cell volume measurements will result in errors if mixing of the erythrocyte pool is delayed, unless an elution correction factor is applied.
Experience with a cholinesterase histochemical technique for rectal suction biopsies in the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease
Authors: Trigg P. H. , Belin R. , Haberkorn S. , Long W. J. , Nixon H. H. , Plaschkes J. , Spitz L. , Willital G. H. 
Published: June 2007

Cryostat sections from 160 rectal suction biopsies were stained for cholinesterases by the method of Karnovsky and Roots (1964) in an attempt to facilitate the diagnosis of Hirschsprung's disease.The method proved at least as reliable as experienced assessment of paraffin haematoxylin-eosin sections, and appeared to offer the advantages of reduced scanning fatigue and superior demonstration of the increased cholinesterase-positive nerves in Hirschprung's disease.Contrary to the findings of Meier-Ruge (1971) it was not possible to base a diagnosis on mucosal cholinesterase activity.
Amino acid imbalance in cystinuria
Authors: Asatoor A. M. , Freedman P. S. , Gabriel J. R. T. , Milne M. D. , Prosser D. I. , Roberts J. T. , Willoughby C. P. 
Published: June 2007

After oral ingestion of a free amino acid mixture by three cystinuric patients, plasma increments of lysine and arginine were lower and those of many other amino acids were significantly higher than those found in control subjects.Similar results were obtained in control subjects after amino acid imbalance had been artificially induced by the omission of cystine, lysine, and arginine from the amino acid mixture. Especially high increments of alanine and proline provided the best evidence of amino acid imbalance caused by a temporary lysine and, to a lesser extent, arginine and cystine deficit.No such amino acid imbalance was found to occur in the cystinuric patients after ingestion of whole protein, indicating that absorption of oligopeptides produced by protein digestion provided a balanced physiological serum amino acid increment. This is considered to explain the lack of any unequivocal nutritional deficit in cystinuric patients despite poor absorption of the essential free amino acid, lysine.
Thiamine deficiency and oxalosis
Authors: Salyer William R. , Salyer Diane C. 
Published: June 2007

Type I hyperoxaluria results from reduced activity of α-ketoglutarate: glyoxylate carboligase, which is necessary for the synergistic decarboxylation of glyoxylate and α-ketoglutarate to α-hydroxy-β-keto-adipate.Since thiamine pyrophosphate is a cofactor in the reaction, thiamine deficiency might be expected to result in tissue oxalosis. However, there was no significant increase in the incidence of renal oxalosis in 15 patients with Wernicke's encephalopathy at necropsy compared with controls.It is possible that hyperoxaluria was present in these thiamine-deficient patients but at a urine concentration below that necessary for calcium oxalate deposition. It is also possible that the severity of the thiamine deficit required for hyperoxaluria exceeds that for the neuronal and cardiac manifestations.
Measurement of section thickness in quantitative microscopy with special reference to enzyme histochemistry
Authors: Pearse A. D. , Marks R. 
Published: June 2007

Quantitative histochemical techniques demand constancy in sectioning tissue and preferably knowledge of the true thickness of a section. In this investigation a simple, rapid, accurate, and reproducible technique is described for measuring section thickness using an instrument known as a Surfometer. It has been shown that: (a) cryostat microtome settings bear little relationship to the true section thickness of the sections produced; (b) that different instruments differ in their inaccuracies; (c) that this inaccuracy varies slightly with different tissues.If densitometric methods are used and either the absolute amount of a tissue component is to be measured or the amount of a tissue component is to be compared in two tissues then it is mandatory to determine the actual thickness of the section. The method described here seems the most appropriate one for these investigations.
A comparison of techniques for determining prenatal sex from liquor amnii
Authors: Lewis B. V. , Chapman P. A. 
Published: June 2007

The cellular content of amniotic fluid is primarily composed of desquamated squamous cells. Depending on their site of origin and maturation, the staining characteristics of the nuclei and cytoplasm differ. Prenatal foetal sex was determined by comparing the proportion of anucleate pyknotic nuclei to vesicular nuclei using Papanicolaou's stain and the proportion of red cells to blue cells using Shorr's stain.Both techniques allow an accurate assessment of prenatal sex to be made after 30 week's gestation. There is a close correlation between the two methods.