bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Application of the log-linear and logistic regression models in the prediction of systemic lupus erythematosus in the dog
Authors: Kass Philip H. , Farver Thomas B. , Strombeck Donald R. , Ardans Alex A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
This study sought to mathematically define canine systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) by unifying diagnostic criteria proposed by others. Thirty-one cases of canine sle were selected for modeling when 4 different published schemes agreed on the diagnosis, and 122 controls were selected when a patient's status met no scheme's criteria. The log-linear method showed an association between sle and polyarthritis, hematologic abnormalities, renal damage, dermatologic disorders, and antinuclear antibody test response (positive). Logistic regression was then used to derive a predictive algorithm that could identify cases and controls with which all published criteria would be in accordance. The final equation correctly classified 93.5% of the affected dogs and 98.4% of the controls. It was concluded that the log-linear and logistic regression models are useful for the diagnosis of clinically similar, but distinguishable, disease states.
Intradermal testing of swine to monitor changes in delayed hypersensitivity response
Authors: Mann D. , Hargis J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pigs were tested (intradermal injection) on the abdomen with either phytohemagglutinin (pha) or pha and tuberculin. The response to pha was consistent; double-skin thickness averaged 247% of the preinjection thickness during daily testing. Pigs that were primed with Freund's complete adjuvant had a mean double-skin thickness of 208% for tuberculin and 236% for pha, indicating that the mitogen induced an antigen-like response. Unexpectedly, injections of dexamethasone (0.1 mg/kg of body weight on 2 days) increased the reactivity to both tuberculin and pha, indicating that the lymphocyte and macrophage response to dexamethasone in swine may be slightly different than the response reported in other species.
Detection of geographic isolates of Anaplasma marginale, using polyclonal bovine antisera and microfluorometry
Authors: Goff W. L. , Winward L. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Geographically separate United States isolates of Anaplasma marginale were differentiated, using polyclonal bovine antiserum and microfluorometry. Both isolate-common and restricted antigen-specific antibodies were apparent in sera of splenectomized calves after resolution of infection, as judged by the capability of the antisera to recognize heterologous isolate antigens to a lesser extent than homologous antigens. Furthermore, absorption of the antisera with homologous antigens removed homologous and heterologous reactions, whereas heterologous absorptions resulted in the capability to discriminate the tailed or appendage-associated isolates (Virginia and Washington) from the tail-less isolate (Florida).
In vivo effect of ascorbic acid on neutrophil function in healthy and dexamethasone-treated cattle
Authors: Roth James A. , Kaeberle Merlin L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ascorbic acid (20 mg/kg of body weight) administered subcutaneously to otherwise nontreated cattle resulted in enhancement of neutrophil oxidative metabolism and capability of neutrophils to mediate antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc). Random migration, bacterial ingestion, and iodination by neutrophils was unaffected. Three dosage levels of ascorbic acid (10 mg/kg, 20 mg/kg, and 40 mg/kg) were examined for their effects on neutrophil function in cattle treated with dexamethasone (0.04 mg/kg). Dexamethasone administration caused an enhancement of neutrophil random migration and a suppression of neutrophil oxidative metabolism, iodination, and adcc. None of the dosage levels of ascorbic acid had an effect on the alterations in the wbc count induced by dexamethasone. The ascorbic acid did tend to reverse the effects of dexamethasone on neutrophil random migration, oxidative metabolism, and adcc in a dose-dependent manner, with the lowest dose having no discernible effect. Ascorbic acid administration also tended to enhance Staphylococcus aureus ingestion by bovine neutrophils. These results indicate that ascorbic acid should be further investigated for its potential to reduce the susceptibility of stressed or glucocorticoid-treated cattle to infective processes.
Transient enhancement of the serum antibody response to Brucella abortus strain 19 in cattle treated with levamisole
Authors: Confer A. W. , Hall S. M. , Espe B. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two experiments were done on 57 steers. These cattle were allotted to 8 groups (4 groups/experiment) and vaccinated with 1 to 3 × 109 colony-forming units of Brucella abortus strain 19. Cattle in 3 of the 4 groups/experiment were given 6 mg of levamisole/kg, subcutaneously, either at the time of vaccination (day 0), 7 days later, or at both times. Serum antibody titers to B abortus were measured sequentially for 28 days in experiment 1 and for 56 days in experiment 2, using the card test, Rivanol test, complement-fixation test, fluorometric immunoassay, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In general, the highest mean antibody titers, as determined by all serologic tests, occurred in steers treated with levamisole at 7 days after vaccination or in those treated at the time of vaccination and 7 days later. By the card test on day 56, there was a significantly (P < 0.05) greater number of seropositive cattle among those given levamisole 7 days after vaccination than among those given strain 19 alone. Simultaneous administration of strain 19 and levamisole did not alter antibody responses to B abortus.
Response of cattle persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus to vaccination for bovine viral diarrhea and to subsequent challenge exposure with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Bolin S. R. , McClurkin A. W. , Cutlip R. C. , Coria M. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Nine steers persistently infected with noncytopathic bovine viral diarrhea (bvd) virus were allotted into 3 groups (3 cattle/group). Cattle in group A were vaccinated with a modified-live bvd virus vaccine of porcine cell origin, cattle in group B with a modified-live bvd virus vaccine of bovine cell origin, and cattle in group C with a killed bvd virus vaccine of bovine cell origin. Detrimental effects due to vaccination were not seen. Six weeks after vaccination, the steers were challenge exposed with a cytopathic bvd virus. All steers developed mucosal disease after challenge exposure, produced antibodies that neutralized various isolates of bvd virus, and remained persistently infected until death. Steers given killed virus vaccine had a minimal neutralizing-antibody response and developed mucosal disease as quickly as reported for challenge-exposed, nonvaccinated, persistently infected cattle. Steers given modified-live virus vaccines had higher neutralizing-antibody response and longer intervals from challenge exposure to development of mucosal disease. The specificity of the neutralizing-antibody response differed between groups of vaccinated cattle.
Flunixin meglumine given in small doses: Pharmacokinetics and prostaglandin inhibition in healthy horses
Authors: Semrad S. D. , Hardee G. E. , Hardee M. M. , Moore J. N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The pharmacokinetics and inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis in conscious horses given various dosages of flunixin meglumine were studied. Plasma concentrations of flunixin were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, and serum thromboxane B2 and 6-keto prostaglandin F1α were quantitated by radioimmunoassay. Within the dosage range studied, linear pharmacokinetics were achieved. After iv administration of flunixin (1.1 mg/kg, 0.25 mg/kg, 0.1 mg/kg), significant suppression of serum thromboxane generation persisted for 12, 4, and 3 hours, respectively. Repeated administrations of flunixin (0.25 mg/kg) once every 8 hours maintained significant suppression of thromboxane generation for the duration of treatment. After treatment with flunixin was stopped, serum thromboxane generation exceeded base line (pretreatment values). Among the groups, significant alteration of 6-keto prostaglandin F1α production was not observed.
Comparison of neutrophil elastases and of neutrophil protease inhibitors in the horse and man
Authors: von Fellenberg R. , Kohler L. , Grùnig G. , Pellegrini A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutral neutrophil protease, elastase activities, and cytosol protease inhibitors of these enzymes of horses and man were compared. Human neutrophils had 5 times the elastase activity of equine neutrophils, and neutral protease activity was approximately 50% greater in human neutrophils than that in equine neutrophils.
Cytosol inhibitors for elastase and neutral proteases were not found in human neutrophils, whereas large amounts were found in equine neutrophils. Using fibrinogen-agarose electrophoresis, 4 cytosol inhibitors of different enzyme specificities were detected. These cytosol inhibitors were differentiated on the basis of different electrophoretic migration and on the basis of differences in enzyme specificity.
Effect of intra-articular Gentamicin sulfate on normal equine synovial membrane
Authors: Stover Susan M. , Pool Roy R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gentamicin sulfate (3 ml; 50 mg/ml) was administered intra-articularly into 30 normal equine radiocarpal joints after arthrocentesis. Arthrocentesis alone was performed on 10 normal radiocarpal joints. Synovial fluid evaluations and gross and microscopic examinations were performed on synovial fluid and synovial membrane of designated joints at selected daily intervals over a period of 10 days. Synovial fluid from gentamicin-injected joints had greater turbidity, higher RBC and WBC counts, and higher refractive indices than did joints not injected with gentamicin. The largest increases developed on days 1 or 2 after gentamicin injection, with mean total WBC, large mononuclear cell, small mononuclear cell, and polymorphonuclear cell counts of 23,860, 11,853, 857, and 11,150 cells/μl, respectively. Arthrocentesis alone resulted in smaller increases in these counts. Microscopic changes seen in the synovial membrane of gentamicin-injected joints included edema, leukocytic infiltration, and loss of synovial lining cells. These inflammatory changes resolved within 7 days after gentamicin injection.
Goat papillomatosis
Authors: Theilen G. , Wheeldon E. B. , East N. , Madewell B. , Lancaster W. D. , Munn R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The present study indicates that the development of caprine mammary gland warts seems to depend on several factors—namely, nonpigmented skin, adult age, excessive exposure to sunlight, and contact with a yet undefined infective agent. Three types of goat papillomas are described: (1) mammary, (2) cutaneous, other than mammary, and (3) genital. Warts on animals lacking pigmented skin are more frequent in adult animals that live in areas where there is abundant sunlight. Mammary gland papillomas are the most numerous and occur in different stages; ie, (1) goats with mammary gland papillomas that regress, never to recur, (2) goats with papillomas that regress in the winter and reoccur in summer, (3) goats with persistent papillomas of which some are from the group that had previous winter time regression, and (4) goats that have progression of persistent papilloma to carcinoma. Saanen, Saanen crossbreeds, and goats of other breeds that lack pigmented skin and live in sunbelt areas are at high risk for papillomatosis. An infective agent was not defined even after electron microscopic, immunocytochemical, and DNA-DNA hybridization studies, Yet, there is high probability that an infective agent is involved, because mammary gland papillomas usually occur in the susceptible herd 4 to 6 months after an affected goat is introduced.
Experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis: Dose-response relationships and protection against natural reinfection in calves
Authors: Hilwig Ronald W. , Songer J. Glenn , Reggiardo Carlos 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves were inoculated intranasally with 2 × 106.2 tissue culture infective doses of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, followed in 7 days by intratracheal inoculations with 1 of 4 challenge doses of pathogenic Pasteurella haemolytica. Severity and duration of the ensuing clinical signs of respiratory tract disease were correlated with the challenge dose of bacteria. Calves given 1 × 106 colony-forming units (cfu) of bacteria did not develop reliable clinical evidence of disease, whereas those given 1 × 108 cfu or 1 × 1010 cfu of bacteria developed clinical signs of pneumonic pasteurellosis within 12 to 24 hours of bacterial challenge. Severity of clinical signs was equal at the 108 and 1010 doses of bacteria, but duration of clinical signs was greater in calves given the 1010 dose. Calves given 1 × 1012 cfu of bacteria developed relatively severe respiratory tract disease in excess of what was necessary for positive clinical detection.
Positive correlations were found between the bacterial challenge dose and the height and duration of increased rectal temperature, amount and duration of increases in ocular and nasal discharges, and the subjective evaluation of depressed attitude and appetite. Correlations were not found between challenge dose and respiratory rate or character, or between challenge dose and complete blood cell count.
Convalescent calves were resistant to naturally occurring pneumonic pasteurellosis, which caused severe disease in nontreated calves. Adverse effects of P haemolytica were not observed after the first 4 to 15 days after bacterial administration; however, the bacteria were isolated from nasal secretions of convalescent calves 89 to 116 days after bacterial inoculation. Serum antibody titers increased within 15 days of bacterial inoculation, but did not correlate with the challenge dose of bacteria or with the presence or absence of clinical signs of respiratory tract disease.
Isolate of Anaplasma marginale not transmitted by ticks
Authors: Smith Ronald D. , Levy Michael G. , Kuhlenschmidt Mark S. , Adams John H. , Rzechula Dana L. , Hardt Thomas A. , Kocan Katherine M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The tick-borne transmissibility of 2 isolates of Anaplasma marginale was compared. Dermacentor variabilis were exposed to A marginale as nymphs by feeding on 1 of 4 splenectomized calves during periods of ascending parasitemia (maximum 49% to 81% parasitized erythrocytes) induced by injection of a stabilate. Tick-borne transmission was attempted, using 26 to 224 adult ticks within 30 to 220 days after molting. Adult D variabilis did not transmit an Illinois isolate of A marginale in 7 tick-borne transmission experiments (P = 0.0047), including 2 experiments in which calves were inoculated IV with homogenates of adult ticks. In contrast, a Virginia isolate of A marginale was readily transmitted by the same tick colony. Thus, previously reported morphologic and immunologic differences among A marginale isolates may extend to tick-borne transmissibility. The Virginia and Illinois A marginale isolates had an inclusion appendage that was not a marker for tick transmissibility.
Effect of decoquinate on the control of coccidiosis in young ruminating calves
Authors: Fitzgerald P. R. , Mansfield M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-five 6-week-old Holstein male calves were each inoculated with 500,000 sporulated oocysts of Eimeria bovis. Two nontreated (control) and 3 treated calves (1.5 mg of decoquinate/kg of body weight in feed) were necropsied 7 days after inoculation. Similar groups of calves were necropsied at 12, 18, 22, and 28 days after inoculation. Treated calves were started on medicated feed 2 days before inoculation or at 7, 12, or 15 days after inoculation or were on continuous medication from the day of inoculation. Control calves were not given medication.
Early schizonts were in the small intestines of control calves at 7 days after inoculation, but none was in the treated calves that were started on medicated feed 2 days before inoculation. Schizonts were present in the small intestine of both treated and control calves at 12 days after inoculation. At 18 days after inoculation, control calves had schizonts in the small intestine and gamonts and oocysts in the cecum and large intestines, but treated calves only had schizonts in the small intestine. At 22 days, control calves had schizonts in the small intestine and gamonts and oocysts in the large intestine; treated calves had schizonts in the small intestine. At 28 days, controls still had schizonts in the small intestine and gamonts and oocysts in the cecum and large intestine; the treated calves that had been on continuous medication did not have schizonts, gamonts, or oocysts in the tissues.
Decoquinate apparently kills sporozoites or arrests development and release of merozoites from the schizonts when fed at 1.5 mg/kg of body weight in the feed.
Depressed neutrophil chemotactic stimuli in supernatants of ionophore-treated polymorphonuclear leukocytes from selenium-deficient goats
Authors: Aziz E. S. , Klesius P. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of dietary selenium (Se) deficiency on the generation of neutrophil chemotactic factors from goat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) was studied. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated from 2 groups of crossbred goats. One group (n = 3) was fed a diet deficient in Se; the other (n = 3) was fed a diet adequate in Se. The pmn from each goat were stimulated with calcium ionophore A23187 and supernatants were collected. Each supernatant was immediately assayed for its ability to elicit neutrophil chemotaxis (nct) and neutrophil chemokinesis by the Boyden chamber technique and neutrophil chemiluminescence (ncl) by the luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. Measurements from each group were compared, using the Student's t test. There was no significant difference (P > 0.01) in neutrophil chemokinesis elicited by supernatants derived from stimulated pmn from the 2 groups. However, supernatants derived from pmn of goats fed the Se-deficient diet had a significantly decreased capacity (P < 0.01) to stimulate nct and ncl. In vitro incubation of pmn with Se before ionophore treatment produced supernatants with increased ncl stimulation (P < 0.05), but none with increased nct stimulation (P > 0.05). However, both activities were restored after goats fed the Se-deficient diet (P < 0.01) were given Se subcutaneously. Seemingly, dietary Se deficiency is associated with depressed pmn generation of factors that stimulate nct and ncl. In contrast to ncl factors, synthesis of factors stimulating nct probably was not associated directly with pmn glutathione peroxidase concentration.
Aflatoxin B1 toxicosis in dairy calves pretreated with selenium-vitamin Ε
Authors: Brucato Michael , Sundlof Stephen F. , Bell John U. , Edds George T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of a single im injection of selenium-vitamin Ε (Se-E; 5 mg of Se + 68 IU of α-tocopherol/60 kg of body weight) as a pretreatment 14 days before an oral dose of aflatoxin B1, (1.0 mg/kg) were studied in 24 dairy calves. Treatment groups were designated as follows: group 1 = no Se-E or aflatoxin B1 (control); group 2 = Se-E supplementation only; group 3 = aflatoxin B1 dose only; and group 4 = Se-E supplementation before aflatoxin B, dose. Clinical signs of toxicosis in aflatoxin B1-treated calves included anorexia, ataxia, rough haircoats, increased respiration rates, dyspnea, dehydration, and nasal discharge. Packed-cell volume, rbc, wbc, and hemoglobin were increased in aflatoxin-treated calves. Significant increases in serum aspartate aminotransferase (P < 0.05) and γ-glutamyl-transferase (P < 0.001) activities and prothrombin times (P < 0.001) were observed in aflatoxin-treated calves, indicating that there was hepatic involvement. Although aflatoxin exposure caused a significant decrease in body weight (P < 0.01) and feed intake (P < 0.001) in treatment groups 3 and 4, Se was demonstrated to interact significantly (P < 0.001) with aflatoxin B1 for feed intake, causing an improved feed intake in treatment group 4 calves.
Cervicothoracic (stellate) ganglion block in conscious horses
Authors: Skarda R. T. , Muir W. W. , Swanson C. R. , Hubbell J. A. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Seven adult horses were used to compare the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of unilateral (right side) and bilateral cervicothoracic ganglion (ctg) blockade. An 18-gauge, 25-cm needle was placed midventrally between articulations of the 1st and 2nd ribs from a cranial and paratracheal site. One gram of lidocaine HCl in aqueous solution (100 ml) was used to infiltrate the ctg. Cervicothoracic sympathetic blockade was characterized by Horner's syndrome, increased skin temperature and profuse sweating over the face, neck, and thoracic limb. Comparison of base-line data with data obtained during unilateral and bilateral ctg blockades indicated a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in respiratory rate, significant (P < 0.05) increases in arterial oxygen, and carbon dioxide tensions, and a significant increase in subcutaneous temperature at the neck and shoulder. Systolic, diastolic, and mean aortic blood pressures, pulse pressure, rectal temperature, arterial pH, bicarbonate, pvc, and total solid concentration did not change significantly from base-line values. Arterial O2 tension was significantly (P < 0.05) less in horses with bilateral ctg blockade than in horses with unilateral ctg blockade. In 4 horses without cervicothoracic sympathetic blockade that were given lidocaine (1 g in 100 ml) in the right cervicothoracic region, cardiovascular and respiratory values did not change significantly from base-line values. The nonsedated healthy horse tolerated unilateral ctg blockade well. Bilateral and unilateral injections of 100 ml of 1% lidocaine into the ctg at intervals of < 2 hours induced bilateral recurrent nerve paralysis and airway obstruction.
Thoracic limb digital extensor denervation in young horses
Authors: Firth Elwyn C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Low radial neurectomy in the left thoracic limb was performed in 4 mixed-breed weanling horses, with subsequent paralysis of the lateral and common digital extensor muscles. Weight bearing of the denervated and control limbs was discouraged by the use of special shoeing. Clinical signs of flexural deformity were not induced in the horses.