bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bioceramic and Resin-Based Sealers Removal Using XP-Endo Finisher: A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Fejjeri Meriem , Salah Kawther Bel Haj , Jaafoura Sabra , Sahtout Saida 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate remaining filling materials of a bioceramic sealer (TotalFill BC sealer) and an epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus) after retreatment using a supplementary instrumentation (XP-endo Finisher).
Materials and Methods Forty single-rooted teeth were selected for the study. The teeth were instrumented using ProTaper system and randomly divided into two groups (n = 20). Then they were obturated with either TotalFill BC/gutta-percha or AH Plus/gutta-percha using lateral compaction technique. Canals were retreated using ProTaper retreatment files and a solvent. The groups were subdivided (n = 10) according to the application or not of the XP-endo Finisher as a final step of retreatment. All roots were cleaved longitudinally and examined under scanning electron microscope to evaluate root canal filling remnants. A scoring system was utilized to quantify the amount of residual filling material at the three predetermined portions of each root canal.Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS.25 with a significant value p < 0.05. Data were compared using the Mann–Whitney test and Kruskal–Wallis test.
Results There was no statistically significant difference in the remaining filling materials for each third of the root canal after initial retreatment procedure between the TotalFill group and AH Plus group. Similar results were observed among the TotalFill groups with or without the application of XP-endo Finisher supplementary step. However, the remaining filling materials of AH Plus in the middle third of root canal were significantly less after the XP-endo Finisher application (p = 0.015).
Conclusion No retreatment protocol tested in this study allowed the total elimination of root canal filling materials. The residual root canal filling materials is similar for the bioceramic and resinous sealers. The XP-endo Finisher is not effective in improving the removal of bioceramic root canal filling material while it is able to improve the removal of resinous cement.
Practical Considerations When Choosing Chemoembolization versus Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Behzadi Ashkan Heshmatzadeh , Haghani Leila , D'Souza Donna L. , Flanagan Siobhan , Jones Christopher 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) and transarterial radioembolization (TARE) are common liver-directed therapies (LDTs) for unresectable HCC. While both deliver intra-arterial treatment directly to the site of the tumor, they differ in mechanisms of action and side effects. Several studies have compared their side effect profile, time to progression, and overall survival data, but often these lack practical considerations when choosing which treatment modality to use. Many factors can impact operator's choice for treatment, and the choice depends on treatment availability, cost, insurance coverage, operator's comfort level, patient-specific factors, tumor location, tumor biology, and disease stage. This review discusses survival data, time to progression data, as well as more practical patient and tumor characteristics for personalized LDT with TACE or TARE.
Internal versus external agglomeration advantages in investment location choice: The role of global cities’ international connectivity
Authors: Belderbos René , Castellani Davide , Du Helen S. , Lee Geon Ho 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal location choices for foreign direct investments by MNCs aim to benefit both from the advantages of collocation with other activities of the firm (internal agglomeration) and the advantages of proximity to local industry clusters of similar activities (external agglomeration). We submit that there are important trade-offs between internal and external agglomeration because internal knowledge transfer associated with collocation of various value-chain activities of the MNC is confronted with greater risk of knowledge spillovers to rival firms if there is a substantial local cluster. Moreover, we argue that the international connectivity of a location reduces the importance of local agglomeration as a driver of investment location decisions because connectivity allows the MNC to reap benefits from agglomeration at a distance through the (temporary) transfer of people and knowledge. Connectivity changes the trade-offs between internal and external agglomeration because it enhances the spatial reach of internal agglomeration more than external agglomeration. The influence of connectivity is greater for service-related value-chain activities than for production-related activities. We find support for these hypotheses in an analysis of 38,873 greenfield cross-border investment decisions across diverse value-chain activities and industries in 71 global cities, 2008–2016.
Unfuturing peace: augmented reality image design for Guerrilla peacebuilding
Authors: Glybchenko Yelyzaveta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis project explores the potential of image-making in augmented reality (AR) technologies as means of designing sustaining quality peace futures—unfuturing peace, focusing on Ukraine’s heroic defense against Russia’s 2022–2024 full-scale war of aggression as a case study. Employing the methodology of compositional interpretation and the conceptual tool “futures images,” the project theoretically and practically differentiates between defuturing and unfuturing as peace design processes in developing an essay of originally designed marker-based Augmented Reality Posters in Support of Ukraine as demos of sustaining quality peace arrangements. The posters reference the topics of (physical) integrity of Ukrainian symbols, global food security and the security of the LGBTQI+ community in Ukraine. The technological artistic process/outcomes of this AR image-making experiment and their relation to power layouts in peacebuilding form the bases for theorizing how AR-supported futures design in war-affected communities—unfuturing peace—could facilitate “guerrilla peacebuilding.” In outlining theoretical and practical premises of guerrilla peacebuilding, the project intersects Augmented Reality Posters in Support of Ukraine with explorations of guerrilla warfare and counterinsurgency efforts leading to the 2016 Havana Peace Agreements in Colombia as well as mobile technologies/power in guerrilla approaches to democratic development.
Infrared thermal imaging camera to measure low temperature thermal fields
Authors: Gordiyenko E. , Fomenko Yu , Shustakova G. , Kovalov G. , Shevchenko S. 
Published: March 2024

To measure low-temperature thermal fields, we have developed a single-element cooled thermal imaging camera for a spectral range of 8–14 μm with an internal shutter for radiometric calibration. To improve the accuracy of measuring the temperature of cold objects, we used a shutter with a combined emissivity as an internal reference source of radiation at the input of the device optical unit. With this aim a small mirror was fixed in the center on its surface covered black, thereby ensuring an efficient reflection of radiation in a wide spectral range of wavelengths. When processing the signal for each pixel of the thermal image, the differential value of the detector response to the shutter blackened and mirror areas was used as a reference. A relative measurement error of 3% was obtained for the studied objects with a temperature of −150 °C. The device was successfully used for remote study of thermal field dynamics during freeze-thawing of biological tissues in vivo.
Temperature dependence of the dynamics and interfacial width in nanoconfined polymers via atomistic simulations
Authors: Patsalidis Nikolaos , Papamokos George , Floudas George , Harmandaris Vagelis 
Published: March 2024

We present a detailed computational study on the temperature effect of the dynamics and the interfacial width of unentangled cis-1,4 polybutadiene linear chains confined between strongly attractive alumina layers via long, several μs, atomistic molecular dynamics simulations for a wide range of temperatures (143–473 K). We examine the spatial gradient of the translational segmental dynamics and of an effective local glass temperature (TgL). The latter is found to be much higher than the bulk Tg for the adsorbed layer. It gradually reduces to the bulk Tg at about 2 nm away from the substrate. For distant regions (more than ≈1.2nm), a bulk-like behavior is observed; relaxation times follow a typical Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann dependence for temperatures higher than Tg and an Arrhenius dependence for temperatures below the bulk Tg. On the contrary, the polymer chains at the vicinity of the substrate follow piecewise Arrhenius processes. For temperatures below about the adsorbed layer’s TgL, the translational dynamics follows a bulk-like (same activation energy) Arrhenius process. At higher temperatures, there is a low activation energy Arrhenius process, caused by high interfacial friction forces. Finally, we compute the interfacial width, based on both structural and dynamical definitions, as a function of temperature. The absolute value of the interfacial width depends on the actual definition, but, regardless, the qualitative behavior is consistent. The interfacial width peaks around the bulk Tg and contracts for lower and higher temperatures. At bulk Tg, the estimated length of the interfacial width, computed via the various definitions, ranges between 1.0 and 2.7 nm.
Enhancement of localized superconductivity in BaFe2As2 films via Co-ion implantation
Authors: Oh Myeongjun , Lee Jongmin , Kang Woun , Lee Sanghan , Jo Younjung 
Published: March 2024

In this study, we present a novel approach to localized superconductivity induction in BaFe2As2 films via targeted implantation of cobalt (Co) ions. Primarily, our study focuses on the systematic distribution of Co ions and the subsequent evolution of superconducting properties in Co-ion-implanted BaFe2As2 films. Our observations show that Co-ion distribution in the films is congruent with the results of analytical methodologies employed in the semiconductor industry, as confirmed via transmission electron microscopy imaging. The temperature-dependent resistivity curves reveal the concurrent presence of superconducting and non-superconducting regions. Moreover, the superconducting domain demonstrates the typical diamagnetic behavior intrinsic in superconductors. Importantly, Co-ion concentrations of ∼1020 cm−3 can be achieved by finely tuning the beam energy and ion dose. This concentration is instrumental in establishing an effective superconducting percolation pathway within the films.
Phenomenology of axionic static neutron stars with masses in the mass-gap region
Authors: Oikonomou V K 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this work we consider an axionic scalar-tensor theory of gravity and its effects on static neutron stars (NSs). The axionic theory is considered in the regime in which the axion oscillates around its potential minimum, which cosmologically occurs post-inflationary, when the Hubble rate is of the same order as the axion mass. We construct the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations for this axionic theory and for a spherically symmetric static spacetime and we solve these numerically using a quite robust double shooting LSODA based python integration method. Regarding the equations of state, we used nine mainstream and quite popular ones, namely, the WFF1, the SLy, the APR, the MS1, the AP3, the AP4, the ENG, the MPA1 and the MS1b, using the piecewise polytropic description for each. From the extracted data we calculate the Jordan frame masses and radii, and we confront the resulting phenomenology with five well-known NS constraints. As we demonstrate, the AP3, the ENG and the MPA1 equations of state yield phenomenologically viable results which are compatible with the constraints, with the MPA1 equation of state enjoying an elevated role among the three. The reason is that the MPA1 fits well the phenomenological constraints. A mentionable feature is the fact that all the viable phenomenologically equations of state produce maximum masses which are in the mass-gap region withMmax>2.5M⊙, but lower that the causal 3 solar masses limit. We also compare the NS phenomenology produced by the axionic scalar-tensor theory with the phenomenology produced by inflationary attractors scalar-tensor theories.
Streamer propagation characteristics of nanosecond pulsed discharge plasma on fluidized particles surface: experimental investigation and numerical simulation
Authors: Li Ju , Jiang Nan , Wang Xiaolong , Yu Guanglin , Peng Bangfa , He Junwen , Li Jie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Plasma fluidized-bed contributes to strengthening the interaction between active species in plasma and fluidized powder particles, resulting in higher active species utilization efficiency and superior powders processing/modification performance. However, the plasma streamer dynamics on the fluidized powder particles are still unclear due to the intricacy of plasma fluidized-bed. In this work, the time-resolved evolution behavior of plasma streamers on fluidized powder particles surfaces has been explored in plasma fluidized-bed system based on a simplified pin-cylinder configuration. The results reveal that the entire streamer propagation process includes volume discharge and surface discharge. The maximum electron density generated by surface discharge is one order of magnitude higher than that produced by volume discharge, indicating that surface discharge plays a dominant role in powder particles modification. The presence of fluidized particle will cause streamer branching, and the main streamer splits into two independent sub-streamers for propagation in a ‘parabola-like’ shape. Compared with large-size fluidized particles (1000 µm), streamer wraps a larger area on micron-size fluidized particles (200 µm), with a 78% increase in the coverage area, which is favorable to the modification of powder particles. Furthermore, the evolution of active species on fluidized particle surface is analyzed. The active species (N, O, O2
−) are mainly distributed around the north pole, and N2
+ is mainly distributed between 25° and 50° of the particles. With the decrease of fluidized particle size, the polarization effect between particles is significantly enhanced, and the maxima of the number densities of active species increase. These findings help to get a better understanding of the interaction between plasma and fluidized particles in fluidized systems.
Effects of DC bias on evolutions of repetitively pulsed streamer discharge in humid air
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Gao Qiuyu , Zhang Haowei , Zheng Haotian , Zheng Xinlei , Sun Zihan , Sun Anbang , Li Jiangtao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Modulation efficiency and mechanisms of repetitively pulsed streamer discharge in humid air are ambiguous with dramatic variations in free electron availability, residual ion mobility, enhanced heat release, etc, caused by water molecules intentionally supplemented or existing in the surrounding environment. The inception and propagation patterns of repetitively pulsed streamer discharge modulated by superimposed DC bias are experimentally investigated in the needle-plane electrode configuration. The inception voltage decreases due to negative ion drift under positive DC bias. The secondary streamer with a bright glowing cloud prolongs towards the plane electrode and the diameter decreases under positive DC bias. The primary streamer tends to propagate along the off-axis direction under negative DC bias. The number of applied pulses before breakdown decreases with the increase in positive DC bias and illustrates an insignificant dependence on the negative DC bias. The effect of air humidity is more pronounced than the DC bias. The streamer inception, propagation, and morphological transition are explained by residual space charge distributions and drift velocity.
Particle image based simultaneous velocity and particle concentration measurement
Authors: Sankaran Abhilash , Hain Rainer , Kähler Christian J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of this study is the expansion of the application of particle image velocimetry (PIV) to include the determination of particle concentration within the visualized area, in addition to velocity analysis. The assessment of particle concentration is valuable in various lab-scale experiments involving particle dispersion. Additionally, it plays a crucial role in evaluating the quality of PIV images. The research investigates two particle image-based concentration techniques: the exponential averaging-based sliding method and the Voronoi cell-based method on the particle images. The exponential averaging method provides a straightforward approach, utilizing a constant length scale for sliding average application to particle images. However, this method may result in broadened interfaces or a ‘marker-shot’ effect at low concentrations, making it less suitable for scenarios involving highly non-uniform particle distributions, such as concentrated jet emissions into ambient environments. Consequently, detecting interfaces in such cases requires additional effort for reliable results. In contrast, the Voronoi cell-based technique offers the advantage of spatially adaptive resolution, making it well-suited for variable concentration distributions and situations where interface detection is crucial. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of these techniques, a synthetic test case was generated to simulate a diffusion problem featuring an initial step in concentration distribution. Both the exponential averaging and Voronoi cell-based methods were applied and compared using this synthetic test case. Additionally, the effect of particle–particle overlap is analyzed theoretically and experimentally with uniform concentration and comparison with particle counter measurements. A modified Voronoi method is introduced, providing flexibility in capturing a wide range of concentration regions and features. An example experimental scenario involving a turbulent puff was considered demonstrating the application of the developed methods. The results demonstrate that the Voronoi method effectively captures small structures with high concentrations while providing reliable results in regions with low concentrations.
Domain-alignment multitask learning network for partial discharge condition assessment with digital twin in gas-insulated switchgear
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Yanxin , Zhang Wenjie , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan , Srinivasan Dipti 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Deep-learning-driven methods have made great progress in the condition assessment of partial discharge (PD) which including diagnosis and location in gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). However, these methods perform diagnosis and location as two separate tasks and ignore the coupling relationship. In addition, these methods all require obtaining sufficient samples to develop models, and the model becomes ineffective when there is a significant difference in sample distribution. Therefore, we propose a novel domain-alignment multitask learning network (DAMTLN) for condition assessment including diagnosis and location assisted by digital twin. Firstly, a digital virtual model is established to assist the actual condition assessment of GIS PD. Then, a novel multitask network is constructed to mine the coupling relationship between the two tasks. Finally PD condition assessment guided by a digital twin model are achieved via a combination of local-maximum-mean-discrepancy-based and adversarial -based domain adaptation, in which fine-grained information on each category is captured. Experimental results show that the proposed DAMTLN achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 98.73%, and the mean absolute error of location was 9.06 cm, which were significantly better than the results of other methods. The DAMTLN thus provides a new avenue for PD diagnosis and location driven by ‘data–physics’ coupling.
Corrosion-induced fracture of Cu–Al microelectronics interconnects
Authors: Chiang Kai-chieh , Koslowski Marisol 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a mechano-chemical model that couples corrosion, mechanical response, and fracture. The model is used to understand the failure of Cu wires on Al pads in microelectronic packages using a multi-phase field approach. Under high humidity environments, the Cu-rich intermetallic compounds (IMC), Cu9Al4, formed at the interface between Cu and Al, undergo a corrosion degradation process. The IMC expands while undergoing corrosion, inducing stresses that nucleate and propagate cracks along the interface between the Cu-rich IMC and Cu. Furthermore, the volumetric expansion of the IMC may cause damage to the passivation layer and enhance the nucleation of new corrosion pits. We show that the presence of a crack accelerates the corrosion process. The model developed here can be extended to other systems and applications.
Cross noise level PET denoising with continuous adversarial domain generalization
Authors: Liu Xiaofeng , Vafay Eslahi Samira , Marin Thibault , Tiss Amal , Chemli Yanis , Huang Yongsong , Johnson Keith A , El Fakhri Georges , Ouyang Jinsong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Performing positron emission tomography (PET) denoising within the image space proves effective in reducing the variance in PET images. In recent years, deep learning has demonstrated superior denoising performance, but models trained on a specific noise level typically fail to generalize well on different noise levels, due to inherent distribution shifts between inputs. The distribution shift usually results in bias in the denoised images. Our goal is to tackle such a problem using a domain generalization technique. Approach. We propose to utilize the domain generalization technique with a novel feature space continuous discriminator (CD) for adversarial training, using the fraction of events as a continuous domain label. The core idea is to enforce the extraction of noise-level invariant features. Thus minimizing the distribution divergence of latent feature representation for different continuous noise levels, and making the model general for arbitrary noise levels. We created three sets of 10%, 13%–22% (uniformly randomly selected), or 25% fractions of events from 97 18F-MK6240 tau PET studies of 60 subjects. For each set, we generated 20 noise realizations. Training, validation, and testing were implemented using 1400, 120, and 420 pairs of 3D image volumes from the same or different sets. We used 3D UNet as the baseline and implemented CD to the continuous noise level training data of 13%–22% set. Main results. The proposed CD improves the denoising performance of our model trained in a 13%–22% fraction set for testing in both 10% and 25% fraction sets, measured by bias and standard deviation using full-count images as references. In addition, our CD method can improve the SSIM and PSNR consistently for Alzheimer-related regions and the whole brain. Significance. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to alleviate the performance degradation in cross-noise level denoising from the perspective of domain generalization. Our study is also a pioneer work of continuous domain generalization to utilize continuously changing source domains.