bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes as a model to study fetal arrhythmia related to maternal disease
Authors: Kadir Siti H. Sheikh Abdul , Ali Nadire N. , Mioulane Maxime , Brito‐Martins Marta , Abu‐Hayyeh Shadi , Foldes Gabor , Moshkov Alexey V. , Williamson Catherine , Harding Sian E. , Gorelik Julia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEmbryonic stem cell‐derived cardiomyocytes (ESC‐CM) have many of the phenotypic properties of authentic cardiomyocytes, and great interest has been shown in their possibilities for modelling human disease. Obstetric cholestasis affects 1 in 200 pregnant women in the United Kingdom. It is characterized by raised serum bile acids and complicated by premature delivery and unexplained fetal death at late gestation. It has been suggested that the fetal death is caused by the enhanced arrhythmogenic effect of bile acids in the fetal heart, and shown that neonatal susceptibility to bile acid‐induced arrhythmia is lost in the adult rat cardiomyocyte. However, the mechanisms of the observed bile acid effects are not fully understood and their in vivo study in human beings is difficult. Here we use ESC‐CM from both human and mouse ESCs to test our proposal that immature cardiomyocytes are more susceptible to the effect of raised bile acids than mature ones. We show that early ESC‐CM exhibit bile acid‐induced disruption of rhythm, depression of contraction and desynchronization of cell coupling. In both species the ESC‐CM become resistant to these arrhythmias as the cells mature, and this develops in line with the respective gestational periods of mouse and human. This represents the first demonstration of the use of ESC‐CM as a model system for human cardiac pathology, and opens the way for both investigation of mechanisms and a high throughput screen for drug discovery.
Myxoid atypical fibroxanthoma: a previously undescribed variant
Authors: Patton A. , Page R. , Googe P. B. , King R. 
Published: March 2009

Background: Atypical fibroxanthomas (AFX) are dermal‐based cutaneous tumors typically found in sun‐damaged skin of the elderly. Histologic variants include spindle cell, clear cell, osteoid, osteoclastic, chondroid, pigmented, and granular cell. To date, myxoid change in AFX, has not been described.Methods: Four cases were retrieved from the consultation and surgical pathology files of Knoxville Dermatopathology Laboratory, Knoxville, Tennessee during a 4‐year period. The clinical and histologic findings were reviewed and Alcian blue/periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS) stain and panel of immunohistochemical stains was obtained.Results: All 4 lesions occurred as solitary lesions in elderly males on the head and neck (2 cases) and upper extremity (2 cases). Histologically all tumors demonstrated a well‐circumscribed, cellular lesion centered in the dermis and composed of a mix of atypical pleomorphic and spindle cells in a prominent myxomatous background. A junctional component was absent and the tumors did not arise from the epidermis or adnexal structures. Subcutaneous involvement was absent in all cases. Tumor cells were negative for melanocytic and epithelial markers. Positive staining was noted with CD10 (3/4 cases) and vimentin (4/4 cases).Conclusion: Myxoid change in AFX is rare and previously undescribed in the English literature. Myxoid change may be a prominent finding in benign and malignant cutaneous tumors and awareness of this variant of AFX will avoid misdiagnosis.
Ex vivo expanded haematopoietic progenitor cells improve dermal wound healing by paracrine mechanisms
Authors: Templin Christian , Grote Karsten , Schledzewski Kai , Ghadri Jelena‐Rima , Schnabel Sabine , Napp Lars Christian , Schieffer Bernhard , Kurzen Hjalmar , Goerdt Sergij , Landmesser Ulf , Koenen Wolfgang , Faulhaber Jörg 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:  Although dermal wounds are common, treatment remains limited and largely ineffective. Recent studies suggest that therapeutic application of progenitor cells is useful for tissue regeneration.Objective:  We here investigated the effects exerted by the recently characterized immortalized haematopoietic progenitor cell line DKmix and their conditioned medium in a murine wound healing model.Methods and Results:  Injection of both DKmix cells and their conditioned medium accelerated wound repair between days 3 and 10 compared with PBS‐injected control mice (n = 8, P < 0.01 DKmix cells vs control, P < 0.01 conditioned medium vs control at day 6). The treated groups exhibited more CD31+‐capillaries at day 6 after injury compared with the control group (n = 4, P < 0.01 DKmix cells vs control, P < 0.001 conditioned medium vs control), whereas there was no change in infiltrated CD68+ macrophages. Conditioned medium of DKmix cells induced tube formation of human endothelial cells in Matrigel assays (n = 4–6, P < 0.05 conditioned medium vs control) as well as migration (n = 4, P < 0.01 conditioned medium vs control) and proliferation of murine 3T3 fibroblasts (n = 5, P < 0.05 conditioned medium vs control). Abundant levels of matrix metalloproteinase −2 and −9 in the supernatants were detected. Protein arrays of the supernatants revealed a strong secretion of cytokines and growth factors, such as monocyte chemoatractant protein‐1 and GM‐CSF from DKmix cells.Conclusion:  DKmix cells improve skin‐substitute wound healing by promoting angiogenesis as well as migration and proliferation of fibroblasts. These data suggest that immortalized haematopoietic progenitor cells significantly improve dermal wound healing by paracrine effects.
An evidence‐based assessment of the clinical guidelines for replanted avulsed teeth. Part II: prescription of systemic antibiotics
Authors: Hinckfuss Susan Elisabeth , Messer Louise Brearley 
Published: March 2009

Abstract –  Background:  Current clinical guidelines recommend prescribing systemic antibiotic therapy (SAT) for patients having an avulsed permanent tooth replanted. The principles of evidence‐based dentistry can be used to assess whether this is the best approach based on currently‐available evidence. The objective of this study was to use the principles of evidence‐based dentistry to answer the PICO question: (P) for a replanted avulsed permanent tooth, (I) is prescribing SAT, (C) compared with not prescribing SAT, (O) associated with an increased likelihood of successful periodontal healing after tooth replantation?Materials and methods:  A literature search was performed across four internet databases (Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, PubMed, ISI Web of Science), for relevant citations (n = 35 702). Limiting citations to those in English and removing duplicates produced a set of titles (n = 14 742) that were sieved according to evidence‐based dentistry principles. Relevant titles were selected for abstract assessment (n = 782), identifying papers for examination (n = 74). Inclusion criteria were applied and three papers (326 total teeth) met the final criteria for meta‐analysis.Results:  Meta‐analyses found no statistically significant difference between prescribing or not prescribing antibiotics for acceptable periodontal healing without progressive root resorption (common odds ratio = 0.90, SE = 0.29, 95% confidence intervals = 0.51–1.58).Conclusion:  The evidence for an association between prescribing SAT and an increased likelihood of acceptable periodontal healing outcome is inconclusive. This investigation of antibiotic use as defined in the clinical guidelines indicates there is inconclusive clinical evidence from studies of replanted avulsed human teeth to either contradict or support the guideline. Pending future research to the contrary, dentists are recommended to follow current guidelines in prescribing SAT when replanting avulsed teeth.
Dental trauma: an evidence‐based approach to care
Authors: De França Caldas Jr Arnaldo , Soriano Evelyne Pessoa , Rosenblatt Aronita , De Melo Eduardo Henriques , De Miranda Coelho Luiz Gutenberg Toledo 
Published: March 2009

Abstract –  Background:  One of the key aspects of improving the dental care we offer to our patients is in basing our practice on the best available evidence.Aim:  The main purpose of this paper is to present some basic ways of searching reliable papers on Internet and to introduce some techniques to facilitate the development of strategic search skill to improve the quality of dental care, using dental trauma as an example.Materials and methods:  After formulation of a clinical question on a dental trauma issue, a comparison was made between: data collected in PubMed using a given term; data collected in PubMed using the Medical Subject Headings vocabulary (Mesh) and data collected using the principles of evidence‐based research, all by an independent researcher. A number of papers searched about a clinical question on dental trauma and a brief commentary about each Internet research database is presented. The authors reported that the best sites available to perform the sample search were those produced by academic centers, professional organizations and government‐sponsored. To get evidence‐based clinical papers we did internet search on PubMed, Cochrane, Center of Evidence‐Based Dentistry and Knowledge Finder using the clinical question “Emergency Treatment for Avulsed Tooth”.Results:  All searched databases were efficient for scientific journals, but when we used the PI strategy, the search seemed to be more relevant and specific. The Cochrane, Center of Evidence‐Based Dentistry and Knowledge Finder presented more reliable papers to answer our clinical question about dental trauma treatment.Conclusion:  It is imperative that dentists understand the advantages of searching the Internet and learning to use it effectively to guide practice and assist their patients in their pursuit for better oral health.
Comparison of the effects of pilocarpine and cevimeline on salivary flow
Authors: Braga MA , Tarzia O , Bergamaschi CC , Santos FA , Andrade ED , Groppo FC 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objective:  The aim of the present study was to compare the effect of low‐dose pilocarpine and cevimeline as stimulants for salivary flow in healthy subjects.Methods:  In this cross‐over clinical trial with a 1‐week washout period, 40 male volunteers were submitted to an oral dose of pilocarpine 1% (Salagen™) −60 μg kg−1 body‐weight (Group 1) or Cevimeline (Evoxac™) −30 mg (Group 2). Saliva samples were collected and the salivary flow rate was measured (ml min−1) at baseline and 20, 40, 60, 80, 140 and 200 min after administration of drugs. In addition, salivary secretion was also measured under mechanical stimulation to observe salivary gland function.Results:  The data were analyzed by Friedman and Wilcoxon signed‐rank tests (significance level = 5%). Pilocarpine and cevimeline significantly increased salivary flow 140 min after intake. There was a significant higher secretion with cevimeline 140 and 200 min after administration. There were no differences seen among subjects in the salivary glands function by mechanical stimulation.Conclusion:  Both drugs showed efficacy in increasing the salivary flow in healthy volunteers, but cevimeline was more effective than pilocarpine.
Public awareness and social acceptability of dental therapists
Authors: Dyer TA , Robinson PG 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  To investigate public awareness and the social acceptability of the use of dental therapists in dental care.Method:  A telephone survey of a representative quota sample of 500 adults (>18 years of age) in South Yorkshire, England.Results:  Fifteen per cent of participants were aware of dental therapists as a professional group, of whom only three people correctly identified their ‘permitted duties’. Those without problems of access to care were more likely to report awareness (P < 0.05). Fifty‐seven per cent were willing to receive simple restorative treatment from a therapist, with acceptability predicted by being younger [OR 1.016 (95% CI: 1.015–1.017)] and having a perceived need for treatment [OR 1.301 (1.053–1.607)]. Fewer were willing to allow a therapist to restore a child’s tooth (47%, P < 0.001, test for paired proportions) with acceptability predicted by being younger [OR 1.016 (1.015–1.017)] and being an irregular attender at the dentist [OR 1.309 (1.138–1.697)]. Forty per cent of participants expected to pay less for treatment provided by therapists with the acceptability of equal costs predicted by having access to care [OR 1.346 (1.017–1.781)].Conclusion:  These findings have implications for the use of dental therapists. They question patients’ and the public’s ability to provide informed consent for the treatment provided by them and identify a need for education of the public on the training and competence of therapists and the rationale for employing skill‐mix in dentistry.
Factors affecting oral health‐related quality of life among pregnant women
Authors: Acharya S , Bhat PV , Acharya S 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  Objectives:  To assess oral health status and to describe the possible factors that could affect the oral health‐related quality of life (OHRQoL) among a group of pregnant rural women in South India.Materials and methods:  A total of 259 pregnant women (mean age 26 ± 5.5 years) who participated in the cross‐sectional study were administered the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP‐14) questionnaire and were clinically examined for caries and periodontal status.Results:  The highest oral impact on quality of life was reported for ‘painful mouth’ (mean: 1.7) and ‘difficulty in eating’ (mean: 1.1). On comparing the mean OHIP‐14 scores against the various self‐reported oral problems, it was seen that the mean OHIP‐14 scores were significantly higher among those who reported various oral problems than those who did not. Those with previous history of pregnancies had more severe levels of gingivitis than those who were pregnant for the first time. Also gingival index scores, community periodontal index of treatment needs scores and previous pregnancies was associated with poorer OHRQoL scores.Conclusion:  Increased health promotion interventions and simple educational preventive programmes on oral self‐care and disease prevention during pregnancy can go a long way in improving oral health and lessening its impact on the quality of life in this important population.
Diseases caused by human papillomaviruses (HPV)
Authors: Handisurya Alessandra , Schellenbacher Christina , Kirnbauer Reinhard 
Published: March 2009

SummaryHuman papillomaviruses (HPV) are non‐enveloped tumor viruses with a double stranded DNA approximately 8 kilobases in length. The viral genome is enclosed by a spherical capsid with icosahedral symmetry and a diameter of about 55 nm. More than 100 HPV types have been identified. They infect the squamous epithelia of skin and mucosa and usually cause benign papillomas or warts. Persistent infection with high‐risk oncogenic HPV causes all cervical cancers, most anal cancers, and a subset of vulvar, vaginal, penile and oropha‐ryngeal cancers. In recent years cutaneous beta‐HPV types have been associated with the pathogenesis of non‐melanoma skin cancers. Two prophylactic HPV vaccines based on virus‐like particles (VLP) are licensed. These are up to 100% effective in preventing HPV 16 and HPV 18 infections and associated genital lesions in women, who have not been previously infected with these types. One vaccine also prevents genital warts caused by HPV 6 and HPV 11.
Long hospitalization is the most important risk factor for early weaning from breast milk in premature babies
Authors: Kirchner Lieselotte , Jeitler Valerie , Waldhör Thomas , Pollak Arnold , Wald Martin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim: To identify certain variables related to the infants' course that might have an impact on the mothers' decision to breastfeed.Patients and Method: Retrospective survey including all patients <1500 g birth weight (BW) treated between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2005 at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the Medical University of Vienna who were not transferred to another hospital. Multiple regression analysis of the following variables was carried out: gestational age (GA), BW, length of stay (LOS), parity, singleton or multiple gestation, sex and severe morbidity.Results: Of the 239 patients included, 142 (60%) were fed breast milk at the time of final discharge, 97 (40%) were fed formula. LOS was significantly correlated with the probability of being breastfed: the shorter it was, the higher was the probability of being breastfed at the time of final discharge (p = 0.0064 for singletons, p = 0.001 for multiples). Lower GA also increased the probability of being breastfed, but this was only statistically significant for multiples (p = 0.001).Conclusion: This study shows clearly that the most important influencing factor on the mothers' decision to continue breastfeeding is the LOS. Thus more emphasis should be put on encouraging mothers to continue lactation throughout their babies' hospital stay.
Effect of a water‐based no‐sting, protective barrier formulation and a solvent‐containing similar formulation on skin protection from medical adhesive trauma
Authors: Shannon Ronald J , Chakravarthy Debashish 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTrauma to the skin from repeated removal of adhesive‐based medical products can cause pain, anxiety, risk of secondary infections and additional health care costs. Skin barrier formulations are used to protect the integrity from such trauma. However, not all formulations are equally protective. We report the results of a randomised controlled study comparing a solvent‐free (SF) formulation and a solvent‐containing (SC) formulation to the skin of 12 healthy volunteers aged 18–55 years. Treatments were applied at baseline to two of the four test sites on the back of each subject and repeated for 5 days. Measurements of pain, discomfort, erythema and skin water loss were taken 24 hours after each application. The SF formulation is associated with lower mean scores for erythema (day 5, P < 0·05) and lower values for transepidermal water loss (day 5, P < 0·05) and redness (days 4 and 5, P < 0·05) when compared with either no treatment or daily treatment with a SC formulation. There were no significant differences between subject responses when pain on application of the test formulation or discomfort associated with removal of the medical adhesive tapes were rated. We conclude that a SF formulation provides better security against adhesive‐derived skin trauma than a SC formulation.
Development of vaginal erosion and vesicocutaneous fistula following midurethral transvaginal tape with PelviLace® for treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Cuzzone Daniel , Allen Brian , Rowin Craig , Tulikangas Paul , Babigian Alan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common diagnosis that greatly impacts quality of life for many women. Current therapies implement the use of suburethral slings, either synthetic or xenografts, to remedy this condition. In this study, we report on a patient with SUI, treated with PelviLace® Biourethral Support, who suffered multiple issues postoperatively.
Protection against Radiation‐induced Testicular Damage in Swiss Albino Mice by Mentha piperita (Linn.)
Authors: Samarth Ravindra M. , Samarth Meenakshi 
Published: March 2009

Abstract:  The protective effects of Mentha piperita leaf extract against radiation‐induced damage in testis of Swiss albino mice have been studied. Animals (Male Swiss albino mice) were given M. piperita leaf extract orally (1 g/kg body weight/day) for three consecutive days before radiation exposure (8 Gy γ‐radiation). Mice were autopsied at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days after irradiation to evaluate the radiomodulatory effect in terms of histological alterations, lipid peroxidation, and acid and alkaline phosphatases levels in testis. Radiation treatment showed reduction in the testis weight during all days of observation, however, in the M. piperita leaf extract‐pretreated irradiated group there was a significant increase in testis weight. Radiation treatment induced moderate to severe testicular atrophy with degeneration of germ cells in seminiferous tubules. The tubules were shrunken and greatly depleted of germ cells. Sertoli cells with few germ cells were observed in the lumen. However, animals pre‐treated with M. piperita leaf extract and exposed to radiation showed normal testicular morphology with regular arrangement of germ cells and slight degeneration of seminiferous epithelium. Significant decreases in the lipid peroxidation and acid phosphatase level and increase in level of alkaline phosphatase were observed in testis. The M. piperita leaf extract showed high amount of phenolic content, flavonoids content and flavonols. The results of the present study suggest that M. piperita has a significant radioprotective effect and the amount of phenolic compounds, the content of flavonoids and flavonols of M. piperita leaf extract may be held responsible for radioprotective effect due to their antioxidant and radical scavenging activity.
No relationship between enzyme activity and structure of nucleotide binding site in sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase from short‐term stimulated rat muscle
Authors: Mishima T. , Kuratani M. , Kanzaki K. , Yamada T. , Matsunaga S. , Wada M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAim:  We examined whether structural alterations to the adenine nucleotide binding site (ANBS) within sarcoplasmic (endo) reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA) would account for contraction‐induced changes in the catalytic activity of the enzyme as assessed in vitro.Methods:  Repetitive contractions were induced in rat gastrocnemius by electrical nerve stimulation. Measurements of sarcoplasmic reticulum properties were performed on control and stimulated muscles immediately after or at 30 min after the cessation of 5‐min stimulation. In order to examine the properties at the ANBS, the binding capacity of SERCA to fluorescence isothiocyanate (FITC), a competitive inhibitor at the ANBS, was analysed in microsomes.Results:  Short‐term electrical stimulation evoked a 23.9% and 32.6% decrease (P < 0.05) in SERCA activity and in the FITC binding capacity, respectively, in the superficial region of the muscle. Whereas SERCA activity reverted to normal levels during 30‐min recovery, a restoration of the FITC binding capacity did not occur.Conclusion:  The discordant changes between the enzyme activity and the FITC binding suggest that, at least during recovery after exercise, changes in SERCA activity may not correlate closely with structural alterations to the ANBS within the enzyme.
Behavior of melon‐headed whales, Peponocephala electra, near oceanic islands
Authors: Brownell Jr. Robert L. , Ralls Katherine , Baumann‐Pickering Simone , Poole M. Michael 
Published: March 2009

Abstract Southall et al. (2006) concluded that a near mass stranding (MS) of melon‐headed whales (MHWs), Peponocephala electra, in Hanalei Bay, Kauai, Hawaii, on 3–4 July 2004, was likely related to the operation of mid‐frequency sonars (MFS). However, subsequent authors argued that the nearly simultaneous entry of MHWs into Sasanhaya Bay, Rota (∼5,740 km away) made this conclusion untenable. They suggested that both sightings, and other MSs of MHWs, could be related to lunar cycles. To resolve this question, we reviewed information on the biology and behavior of MHWs and compared the two sightings to observations of MHWs around Palmyra Atoll and Nuku Hiva, French Polynesia. We also tested for a relationship between observations and MSs of MHWs with lunar cycles. MHWs near many oceanic islands rest nearshore during the day and feed offshore in deeper water at night. The MHWs at Rota exhibited normal diurnal resting behavior as seen at Palmyra and Nuku Hiva, while those at Kauai showed milling behavior typically seen prior to MS events. Thus, these events were not similar. Neither observations nor MSs of MHWs were related to lunar cycles. Our review of MHW behavior strengthens the case that MFS use played a major role in the near MS in Hanalei Bay.