bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The vernacularization of democracy: political participation and popular politics in North India
Authors: Michelutti Lucia 
Published: August 2007

Anthropologists have largely left unexplored the analysis of how ideas and practices of democracy have been internalized in the popular consciousness of different societies and neglected the development of an anthropology of democratization processes. Using the political ethnography of a powerful northern India caste (the Yadavs), the article unravels what I call the process of vernacularization of democratic politics, meaning the ways in which values and practices of democracy become embedded in particular cultural and social practices, and in the process become entrenched in the consciousness of ordinary people. The analysis of how the local idioms of caste, kinship, kingship, religion, and politics (‘the vernacular’) inform popular perceptions of the political world and of how the democratic process shapes in turn ‘the vernacular’ provides a line of inquiry to understand the rise of popular politics in different parts of the world.RésuméLes anthropologues se sont peu intéressés à la manière dont les idées et pratiques de la démocratie ont été incorporées dans la conscience populaire de différentes sociétés, et ont négligé le développement d'une anthropologie des processus de démocratisation. À travers l'ethnographie politique d'une caste du nord de l'Inde, les puissants Yadavs, l'auteur restitue ce qu'elle appelle un processus de vernacularisation de la politique démocratique, autrement dit la manière dont les valeurs et pratiques de la démocratie s'intègrent dans des pratiques culturelles et sociales particulières, et s'ancrent au cours de ce processus dans la conscience des gens. L'analyse des manières dont les idiomes locaux de caste, parenté, royauté, religion et politique (« le vernaculaire ») informent les perceptions populaires du monde politique et dont le processus démocratique donne forme à son tour au « vernaculaire » fournit une méthode d'enquête pour comprendre la montée en puissance de la politique populaire dans différentes parties du monde.
The limits of commodification in traditional Irish music sessions
Authors: Kaul Adam R. 
Published: August 2007

This article analyses the economics of paid‐for traditional Irish music sessions in Doolin, County Clare in the Republic of Ireland. In part, it takes up Shepherd's recent call for research on the commodification of culture in tourist destinations. It is argued here that ‘commodification’ should be distinguished from the more general process of ‘commercialization’. I suggest that commercialization is simply the build‐up of commercial relationships surrounding the production of an activity or an object, while commodification, following Helgasson and Palsson, is the intensive sequestering of that production into the realm of commensurable exchange‐values. This clarification has important theoretical and political implications. Theoretically, the distinction bolsters and extends the critique of the notion of ‘authenticity’ in tourist destinations. In turn, this legitimizes the credibility of commercialized activities if and when productive control remains primarily in the hands of the producers themselves.RésuméL'auteur analyse l'économie des soirées payantes de musique traditionnelle irlandaise dans les comtés de Doolin et Clare, en république d'Irlande. Il répond en partie à l'appel récent de Sheperd en faveur d'une recherche sur la marchandisation de la culture dans les destinations touristiques. Il avance ici que la « marchandisation » doit être distinguée du processus plus général de « commercialisation » et suggère que la commercialisation est simplement la création de relations commerciales entourant la production d'une activité ou d'un objet, tandis que la marchandisation est, selon Helgasson et Palsson, la séquestration intensive de cette production dans le domaine des valeurs d'échanges commensurables. Cet éclaircissement a d'importantes implications théoriques et politiques. En théorie, cette distinction renforce et élargit les critiques de la notion « d'authenticité» dans les destinations touristiques, légitimant ainsi la crédibilité des activités commercialisées pour autant que le contrôle de la production reste en majeure partie entre les mains des producteurs eux‐mêmes.
Practical aspects of management of recurrent aphthous stomatitis
Authors: Altenburg A , Abdel‐Naser MB , Seeber H , Abdallah M , Zouboulis CC 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTreatment of recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) remains, to date, empirical and non‐specific. The main goals of therapy are to minimize pain and functional disabilities as well as decrease inflammatory reactions and frequency of recurrences. Locally, symptomatically acting modalities are the standard treatment in simple cases of RAS. Examples include topical anaesthetics and analgesics, antiseptic and anti‐phlogistic preparations, topical steroids as cream, paste or lotions, antacids like sucralfate, chemically stable tetracycline suspension, medicated toothpaste containing the enzymes amyloglucosidase and glucoseoxidase in addition to the well‐known silver nitrate application. Dietary management supports the treatment. In more severe cases, topical therapies are again very useful in decreasing the healing time but fail to decrease the interval between attacks. Systemic immunomodulatory agents, like colchicine, pentoxifylline, prednisolone, dapsone, levamisol, thalidomide, azathioprine, methotrexate, cyclosporin A, interferon alpha and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists, are helpful in resistant cases of major RAS or aphthosis with systemic involvement.
Isotopic and petrological evidence of fluid–rock interaction at a Tethyan ocean–continent transition in the Alps: implications for tectonic processes and carbon transfer during early ocean formation
Authors: ENGSTRÖM A. , SKELTON A. , GRASSINEAU N. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report overprinting stable isotope evidence of fluid–rock interaction below two detachment faults along which mantle rocks were exhumed to the seafloor, between the respective landward and seaward limits of oceanic and continental crust, at a Tethyan ocean–continent transition (OCT). This OCT, which is presently exposed in the Tasna nappe (south‐eastern Switzerland) is considered an on‐land analogue of the well‐studied Iberian OCT. We compare our results with the fault architecture (fault core–damage zone–protolith) described by Caine et al. [Geology (1996) Vol. 24, pp. 1025–1028]. We confirm the existence of a sharp boundary between the fault core and damage zone based on isotopic data, but the boundary between the damage zone and protolith is gradational. We identify evidence for: (1) pervasive isotopic modification to 8.4 ± 0.1‰ which accompanied or post‐dated serpentinization of these mantle rocks at an estimated temperature of 67–109°C, (2) either (i) partial isolation of some highly strained regions [fault core(s) and mylonite] from this pervasive isotopic modification, because of permeability reduction (Caine et al.) or (ii) subsequent isotopic modification caused by structurally channelled flow of warm fluids within these highly strained regions, because of permeability enhancement, and (3) isotopic modification, which is associated with extensive calcification at T = 54–100°C, primarily beneath the younger of the two detachment faults and post‐dating initial serpentinization. By comparing the volumetric extent of calcification with an experimentally verified model for calcite precipitation in veins, we conclude that calcification could have occurred in response to seawater infiltration, with a calculated flux rate of 0.1–0.2 m year−1 and a minimum duration of 0.2–4.0 × 104 years. The associated time‐averaged uptake flux of carbon during this period was 8–120 mol m−2 year−1. By comparison with the estimated area of exhumed mantle rocks at the Iberian OCT, we calculate a maximum annual uptake flux for carbon of 2–30 Tg year−1. This is an order of magnitude greater than that for carbon exchange at the mid‐ocean ridges and 0.1–1.4% of the global oceanic uptake flux for carbon.
Familial Mediterranean Fever In Lebanon: Founder Effects For DifferentMEFVMutations
Authors: Jalkh Nadine , Génin Emmanuelle , Chouery Eliane , Delague Valérie , Medlej‐Hashim Myrna , Idrac Charles‐Antoine , Mégarbané André , Serre Jean‐Louis 
Published: August 2007

SummaryHaplotype analysis of 376 Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients and 100 controls from Lebanon was performed using 4 microsatellite loci to study founder effects for the five most frequent mutations within theMEFVgene (M694V, M694I, V726A, M680I and E148Q).Each of these mutations was associated with a particular haplotype that was less frequent among controls, confirming that they have probably arisen from unique mutation events and that the carrier chromosomes derived from a common ancestor. The estimated ages of the most recent common ancestor for each of the 5 mutations, using the ESTIAGE program, were 7000, 8500, 15000, 23000 and 30000 years for M694V, M694I, V726A, M680I and E148Q, respectively. Varying the mutation rate at one of the markers led to younger age estimates, but the mutation E148Q remained the oldest one.Comparison of haplotype distributions among the different Lebanese religious groups confirmed that Muslim sub‐populations (Shiites and Sunnites) as well as Christian ones, including Armenians who were formerly settled in the South‐Eastern part of Asia Minor (Cilicia), are all derived from an ancient common ancestral population in which most of theMEFVmutations were already present with their respective associated haplotypes.
New light on old shoulders: palaeopathological patterns of arthropathy and enthesopathy in the shoulder complex
Authors: Roberts Alice M. , Peters Tim J. , Brown Kate Robson 
Published: August 2007

AbstractRotator cuff disease represents the most common cause of modern shoulder pain and disability. Much of the clinical literature on rotator cuff disease focuses on subacromial impingement and supraspinatus tendinopathy, although other patterns of lesions are also recognised. Rotator cuff disease has received relatively little attention in palaeopathological literature, but signs relating to subacromial impingement have been reported. Given the variety and patterns of lesions that are recognized clinically as rotator cuff disease, this study aimed to investigate whether a similarly wide range of lesions could be identified in human skeletal remains. Degenerative changes in surfaces around the shoulder were recorded in a sample of 86 skeletons. The resultant data were assessed using both simple descriptive statistics and exploratory factor analysis. Degenerative changes characteristic of modern subacromial impingement formed a minor underlying pattern in the data. The predominant underlying variable in the data represented an association between lesser tuberosity, bicipital sulcus and glenohumeral degenerative changes. This pattern reflects recent reports in the clinical literature highlighting the prevalence of subscapularis tendinopathy, and also supports a pathoaetiological model of progression from subscapularis to long head of biceps to glenohumeral involvement. The degenerative changes seen at the non‐articular, fibrocartilaginous entheses on the humeral tuberosities were similar to those seen in subchondral bone in osteoarthritis.
Centrality of visual product aesthetics, tactile and uniqueness needs of fashion consumers
Authors: Workman Jane E. , Caldwell Lark F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe purposes of this study were to determine whether fashion consumer groups (fashion followers, fashion innovators, fashion opinion leaders and innovative communicators) differ in centrality of visual product aesthetics, consumers' need for uniqueness and need for touch, and to examine possible correlations among these variables. Fashion design and merchandizing students completed the following scales: Need for Touch, Consumers' Need for Uniqueness, Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics, Measure of Fashion Innovativeness and Opinion Leadership plus demographic information. Innovative communicators had a greater need for uniqueness than followers and opinion leaders, but not than innovators. Fashion followers scored lower on Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics than did innovative communicators, innovators and opinion leaders. There was no difference in Need for Touch among fashion consumer groups. Scores on Need for Touch were positively correlated with scores on Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics and Consumers' Need for Uniqueness. Scores on Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics were positively correlated with scores on Consumers' Need for Uniqueness. Scores on Fashion Innovativeness and Opinion Leadership were positively correlated with scores on Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics and Consumers' Need for Uniqueness. Scores on Fashion Innovativeness and Opinion Leadership were not significantly correlated with those on Need for Touch. Fashion consumer groups did differ in centrality of visual product aesthetics and need for uniqueness, but not in need for touch.
Contradictions in food consumption
Authors: Leipämaa‐Leskinen Hanna 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis study asked consumers to identify the possible contradictions in their food consumption. The article takes the so‐called ‘antinomies of taste’– health vs. indulgence, convenience vs. care, extravagance vs. economy, novelty vs. tradition and together vs. alone – by Warde and Mäkelä as a starting point. The empirical part of the research analyses between which opposing poles the contradictions emerge when the consumers themselves are asked. Findings from a survey (745 respondents) indicate that consumers prefer to engage in food‐related activities that would be more aesthetic, healthful, tasty, convenient, caring and economic, but state significant barriers for not being able to fulfil these desires. Finally, the article draws theoretical conclusions about the connections between the prevailing food consumption‐related contradictions and contemporary consumer society.
Searching a biomedical bibliographic database from Bulgaria: the ABS database
Authors: Abhijnhan Akhil , Surcheva Zhenya , Wright Judy , Adams Clive E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBackground:  The University of Sofia, Bulgaria, disseminates local biomedical literature (1994 to present) through a free online database, ABS.Objectives:  Our objectives were to systematically search ABS, identify citations to controlled trials and discover what proportion of these studies are to be found on medline.Methods:  We searched using Bulgarian and English phrases; manually selected citations of controlled trials and sought these citations on medline.Results:  Using the two languages, we found a total of 628 unique citations, 47 of which seem to be relevant controlled trials (precision 7.48%, 13% of ABS citations were found on medline). The trials in ABS commonly focused on evaluation of care for people with cardiovascular or urological problems. Discussion: ABS is another source of easily accessed trials not readily available elsewhere.
The role of reflection in the library and information sector: a systematic review
Authors: Grant Maria J 
Published: August 2007

Abstract Objectives: To systematically review published literature on the role of reflection in the library and information science sector. To identify examples of good practice and to investigate the reported contribution, if any, of reflection by library and information workers as part of their professional practice. Methods: Free text searches (reflective or reflection* or reflexion*) were conducted for English language papers on the Library and Information Science Abstracts (lisa) bibliographic database in two phases; in March 2004 for literature dating from 1969 to 2003 and between 2004 and 2006 in January 2006. Thirteen papers met the inclusion criteria and were coded and analysed using thematic analysis. Results: Two categories of reflection exist: analytical and non‐analytical. These focus on events in the recent and distant past. Non‐analytical reflective accounts generally adopt a retrospective tone in reporting on multiple events over a number of decades. In contrast, analytical accounts of reflection focused on single events and attempt to understand the relationship between past experiences and how this might impact on future practice. Conclusion: From the examples of reflective practice identified, greatest personal and professional benefit is reported when time is given to considering the implications of past events on future practice, that is, analytical reflection.
Dopamine D1 and D3 receptors oppositely regulate NMDA‐ and cocaine‐induced MAPK signaling via NMDA receptor phosphorylation
Authors: Jiao Hongyuan , Zhang Lu , Gao Fenge , Lou Danwen , Zhang Jianhua , Xu Ming 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDevelopment of drug addiction involves complex molecular changes in the CNS. The mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating neuronal activation induced by dopamine, glutamate, and drugs of abuse. We previously showed that dopamine D1 and D3 receptors play different roles in regulating cocaine‐induced MAPK activation. Although there are functional and physical interactions between dopamine and glutamate receptors, little is known regarding the involvement of D1 and D3 receptors in modulating glutamate‐induced MAPK activation and underlying mechanisms. In this study, we show that D1 and D3 receptors play opposite roles in regulating N‐methyl‐d‐aspartate (NMDA) ‐induced activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK) in the caudate putamen (CPu). D3 receptors also inhibit NMDA‐induced activation of the c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase and p38 kinase in the CPu. NMDA‐induced activation of the NMDA‐receptor R1 subunit (NR1), Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II and the cAMP‐response element binding protein (CREB), and cocaine‐induced CREB activation in the CPu are also oppositely regulated by dopamine D1 and D3 receptors. Finally, the blockade of NMDA‐receptor reduces cocaine‐induced ERK activation, and inhibits phosphorylation of NR1, Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II, and CREB, while inhibiting ERK activation attenuates cocaine‐induced CREB phosphorylation in the CPu. These results suggest that dopamine D1 and D3 receptors oppositely regulate NMDA‐ and cocaine‐induced MAPK signaling via phosphorylation of NR1.
Activation of pro‐survival Akt and ERK1/2 signalling pathways underlie the anti‐apoptotic effects of flavanones in cortical neurons
Authors: Vauzour David , Vafeiadou Katerina , Rice‐Evans Catherine , Williams Robert J. , Spencer Jeremy P. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThere is growing interest in the potential beneficial effects of flavonoids in the aging and diseased brain. We have investigated the potential of the flavanone hesperetin and two of its metabolites, hesperetin‐7‐O‐β‐d‐glucuronide and 5‐nitro‐hesperetin, to inhibit oxidative stress‐induced neuronal apoptosis. Exposure of cortical neurons to hydrogen peroxide led to the activation of apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 via its de‐phosphorylation at Ser963, the phosphorylation of c‐jun N‐terminal kinase and c‐Jun (Ser73) and the activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9. Whilst hesperetin glucuronide failed to exert protection, both hesperetin and 5‐nitro‐hesperetin were effective at preventing neuronal apoptosis via a mechanism involving the activation/phosphorylation of both Akt/protein kinase B and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2). Protection against oxidative injury and the activation of Akt and ERK1/2 followed a bell‐shaped response and was most apparent at 100 nmol/L concentrations. The activation of ERK1/2 and Akt by flavanones led to the inhibition of the pro‐apoptotic proteins, apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1, by phosphorylation at Ser83 and Bad, by phosphorylation at both Ser136 and Ser112 and to the inhibition of peroxide‐induced caspase 9 and caspase 3 activation. Thus, flavanones may protect neurons against oxidative insults via the modulation of neuronal apoptotic machinery.
ribosort: a program for automated data preparation and exploratory analysis of microbial community fingerprints
Authors: SCALLAN Ú. , LILIENSIEK A. , CLIPSON N. , CONNOLLY J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract ribosort is a computer package for convenient editing of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (ARISA) and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (TRFLP) data. It is designed to eliminate the labourious task of manually classifying community fingerprints in microbial ecology studies. This program automatically assigns detected fragments and their respective relative abundances to appropriate ribotypes. It permits simultaneous sorting of multiple profiles and facilitates direct workflow from TRFLP and ARISA output through to community analyses. ribosort also provides several options to merge repeat profiles of a sample into a single composite profile. By creating a ‘ribotypes by samples’ matrix ready for statistical analyses, use of the package saves time and simplifies the preparation of DNA fingerprint data sets for statistical analysis. In addition, ribosort performs exploratory analysis on the data by creating multidimensional scaling plots that compare the similarity of sample profiles using the statistical software r.
Novel nuclear intron‐spanning primers for Arecaceae evolutionary biology
Authors: BACON CHRISTINE D. , FELTUS F. ALEX , PATERSON ANDREW H. , BAILEY C. DONOVAN 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this study, 96 nuclear ‘conserved intron‐scanning primers’ were screened across subfamilies the Arecaceae (palms) for potential use in research focused on palm evolutionary biology. Primers were evaluated based on their ability to amplify single polymerase chain reaction products in Arecaceae, the clarity of sequencing reads, and the interspecific variability observed. Ultimately, the results suggest that: (i) seven of the loci are likely to be suitable when comparing non‐Arecaceae outgroups and Arecaceae ingroups; (ii) seven loci may be of use when comparing subfamilies of Arecaceae; and (iii) four of the loci may be of use when comparing closely related genera.
Thirteen polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci from whiptails of the genus Aspidoscelis (Teiidae: Squamata) and related cnemidophorine lizards
Authors: CRAWFORD NICHOLAS G. , ZALDÍVAR‐RAE JAIME , HAGEN CRIS , SCHABLE AMANDA , ROSENBLUM ERICA BREE , GRAVES JEFF A. , REEDER TOD W. , RITCHIE MICHAEL G. , GLENN TRAVIS C. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe describe polymerase chain reaction primers and amplification conditions for 13 microsatellite DNA loci isolated from two bisexual species of whiptail lizards Aspidoscelis costata huico and Aspidoscelis inornata. Primers were tested on either 16 or 48 individuals of A. c. huico and/or 26 individuals of A. inornata. Ten of the 13 primers were also tested against a panel of 31 additional whiptail taxa. We detected three to nine alleles per locus in A. c. huico and four to 19 alleles per locus in A. inornata, with observed heterozygosity ranging from 0.60 to 0.87 and from 0.15 to 1.00, respectively. These primers will be an important resource for surveys of genetic variation in these lizards.
Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in Aspergillus sydowii, a pathogen of Caribbean sea fan corals
Authors: RYPIEN KRYSTAL L. , ANDRAS JASON P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHere we report on nine microsatellite loci designed for Aspergillus sydowii, a widely distributed soil saprobe that is also the pathogenic agent of aspergillosis in Caribbean sea fan corals. Primers were tested on 20 A. sydowii isolates from the Caribbean, 17 from diseased sea fans and three from environmental sources. All loci were polymorphic and exhibited varying degrees of allelic diversity (three to nine alleles). Gene diversity (expected heterozygosity) ranged from 0.353 to 0.821. These primers will enable future research into the epidemiology of A. sydowii as an emergent infectious disease.