bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinicopathologic Features of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients with Compensated Cirrhosis Surviving More than 10 Years after Curative Hepatectomy
Authors: Fukuda Saburo , Itamoto Toshiyuki , Amano Hironobu , Kohashi Toshihiko , Ohdan Hideki , Tashiro Hirotaka , Asahara Toshimasa 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to clarify the clinicopathologic features of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients with compensated cirrhosis surviving more than 10 years after initial hepatectomy.Study DesignAmong 250 patients who underwent hepatectomy for HCC between 1987 and 1994 at our institute, 145 patients who had Child‐Pugh class A liver function and who underwent curative resection were included in this study. Clinicopathologic factors in 10‐year survivors and patients who died within 10 years (nonsurvivors) were compared, and the prognostic factors affecting survival were identified.ResultsThere were 29 patients who survived for more than 10 years after initial hepatectomy, and 9 of those patients survived without cancer recurrence. The 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year survival rates were 76.2%, 53.0%, and 26.9% respectively. The corresponding disease‐free survival rates were 43.1%, 25.7%, and 9.9% respectively. In multivariate analysis, liver fibrosis grade F0–2, female gender, ICG‐R15 value of less than 15%, and absence of microscopic vascular invasion were favorable independent factors associated with 10‐year survival. Disease‐free interval after initial hepatectomy in 10‐year survivors with recurrence was significantly longer than that in nonsurvivors with recurrence, 5.1 and 1.9 years respectively (P = 0.0004). The number of intrahepatic recurrent nodules in 10‐year survivors tended to be fewer than that in nonsurvivors.ConclusionsBased on the results of our study, liver fibrosis grade F0–2, female gender, ICG‐R15 value of less than 15% and absence of microscopic vascular invasion at initial hepatectomy might be biologically favorable conditions for long‐term survival. Close follow‐up as well as multimodal treatment could contribute to prolongation of survival in such patients, even if HCC recurrence develops.
Mechanisms of Hepatic Regeneration Following Portal Vein Embolization and Partial Hepatectomy: A Review
Authors: Yokoyama Y. , Nagino M. , Nimura Y. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundPortal vein embolization (PVE) improves outcome following major hepatectomy, and basic studies have presented evidence related to the mechanisms responsible for hepatic regeneration. Hemodynamic changes following PVE are similar to, but slightly different from, those of partial hepatectomy (PH) because arterial flow to the embolized lobe is preserved. However, the process of hepatic regeneration is essentially the same after both PVE and PH. A number of mediators are involved in PVE or PH‐induced hepatic regeneration. These include inflammatory cytokines, vasoregulators, growth factors, eicosanoids, and various hormones. These mediators activate a complex network of signal transduction that promotes hepatic regeneration. A variety of conditions have been shown to modulate the function of these mediators and inhibit regeneration. These include biliary obstruction, diabetes, chronic ethanol consumption, malnutrition, gender, aging, and infection.ConclusionOptimizing these factors, where possible, before PVE or PH, is essential to maximize hypertrophy of the liver. A fuller understanding of hepatic physiology and pathophysiology following PVE or PH may lead to greater functional capacity of the remaining liver and extend the indications for hepatectomy in patients who require large liver volume resection.
Safety and Efficacy of Surgical Management of Hyperthyroidism: 15‐year Experience from a Tertiary Care Center in a Developing Country
Authors: Pradeep P. V. , Agarwal Amit , Baxi Mukta , Agarwal Gaurav , Gupta Sushil Kumar , Mishra S. K. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundIdeal management of toxic goiter still remains elusive. Though surgical management of toxic multinodular goiter (MNG) is well accepted, surgical treatment of Graves’ disease (GD) is still controversial in view of the presumed increased incidence of complications. In this paper, we discuss the experience of the surgical management of hyperthyroidism at a specialized tertiary care endocrine center in a developing country, highlighting the minimal morbidity and satisfactory outcome in experienced hands.Materials and methodsWe retrospectively reviewed 325 consecutive patients with hyperthyroidism managed surgically from 1990 to 2005. The etiologic diagnoses were Graves’ disease (185), toxic MNG (105), and autonomously functioning thyroid nodules (AFTN) (n = 35). The indications for surgery in Graves’ patients were large goiter, relapse after antithyroid drug therapy (ATD), Graves’ ophthalmopathy, and presence of nodule. The indications for surgery in toxic MNG were retrosternal extension (n = 15), compressive symptoms (n = 20), and large size (grade II). Among the AFTN nodule size, those greater than 4 cm (85%) formed the major indication for surgery. Subjects with GD and toxic MNG were subjected to subtotal thyroidectomy (n = 93 prior to 1995) or total thyroidectomy (n = 205 post‐1995). Hemithyroidectomy was the procedure of choice in patients with AFTN.ResultsPatients with Graves’ disease were younger in age, with shorter mean duration of goiter when compared with the other 2 groups. Eight percent of patients with Graves’ disease without a clinically palpable nodule and 25% of those with nodules had associated differentiated carcinoma, including papillary, follicular, and medullary thyroid cancer. Four percent of patients with toxic MNG had malignancy. Complications included temporary hypocalcemia (24%), permanent hypocalcemia (3%), and permanent vocal‐cord palsy (1%).ConclusionsSurgery for hyperthyroidism has negligible mortality and acceptable morbidity in experienced hands. It is a definite option in selected cases. Immediate and permanent cure of hyperthyroidism is achieved, with no recurrences, after total thyroidectomy. The cosmetic outcome is good, with excellent patient satisfaction and acceptance.
Malignant Nonfunctioning Endocrine Tumors of the Pancreas: Predictive Factors for Survival after Surgical Treatment
Authors: Chung Jun Chul , Choi Dong Wook , Jo Sung Ho , Heo Jin Seok , Choi Seong Ho , Kim Yong Il 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere are scant studies that have analyzed the prognostic factors for malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumors of the pancreas. We identified the predictive factors associated with long‐term survival after surgical resection for malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumors.MethodsAmong the 25 patients seen at our hospital with a diagnosis of malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumor, a review was performed on 22 of these patients who were surgically treated at our institution over the last 10 years. The following factors were evaluated for disease‐specific mortality: age, gender, tumor location, tumor size, histological differentiation, status of the resection margin, and status of lymph node involvement.ResultsTumor recurrence was noted in 9 cases (40.9%) among the 22 operated patients. Of the 9 recurrent cases, 7 patients (77.8%) had liver metastases. The median follow‐up period was 24.8 (range: 3.7–121.4) months. The overall actuarial 1‐, 2‐ and 5‐year survival rates were 84.1%, 72.5%, and 52.8%, respectively. The factor shown to have a favorable independent prognostic significance was a negative resection margin (odds ratio = 19.44, 95% confidence interval = 1.22–310.54, P = 0.036).ConclusionsDefinitive surgical resection of the primary tumor was a predictor of long‐term survival after surgical resection for malignant nonfunctioning endocrine tumor.
Pyloroplasty with Fundoplication in the Treatment of Combined Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Bloating
Authors: Masqusi Suhair , Velanovich Vic 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundAlthough gastroparesis does not influence gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) or antireflux surgery, many patients with GERD will also suffer from gastroparesis‐related bloating as a distinct symptom different from GERD‐related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a pyloroplasty with a fundoplication will improve bloating symptoms in these patients.MethodsA prospectively gathered database of all patients undergoing antireflux surgery was reviewed. All patients underwent history, physical examination, upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, esophageal manometry, 24‐hour esophageal pH monitoring, and, selectively, contrast upper gastrointestinal radiography. Patients with symptoms of bloating also underwent gastric emptying scintigraphy. All patients completed the GERD‐Health Related Quality of Life (HRQL) symptom severity questionnaire. One of the items of this instrument relates to bloating. The item is scored from 0 (asymptomatic) to 5 (incapacitating) based on descriptive anchors. Patients with symptomatic GERD and objective findings by physiologic testing were offered antireflux surgery. Those with delayed gastric emptying (defined as T1/2 > 120 minutes) were also offered a pyloroplasty. Operations performed included a laparoscopic or open Nissen or Toupet fundoplication with a Heineke–Mickulicz pyloroplasty. Postoperatively, patients completed the GERD‐HRQL and had a gastric emptying scintigraphy performed.ResultsThree‐hundred and sixty‐nine patients underwent antireflux surgery; of these, 35 patients also had a pyloroplasty. Twenty‐eight (80%) of these patients reported significant symptomatic improvement. The median preoperative bloating score improved from 4 to 1 postoperatively (P < 0.05), and the median gastric emptying scintigraphy T1/2 improved from 244 to 112 minutes (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAlthough gastroparesis may not contribute to symptoms of GERD, it can contribute to symptoms of bloating. Bloating symptoms improved in 80% of patients with the addition of a pyloroplasty. Therefore, addition of pyloroplasty to a fundoplication in patients with gastroparesis‐related bloating can improve bloating symptoms.
Oily Grime Formed on Hard Surfaces of Kitchen Appliances: Chemical Composition and Oxidation Mechanism
Authors: Tsutsui Takuya , Natsuhara Masahiko , Yamada Kaoru , Tanizawa Yoshiaki 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe cooking of oil‐containing food products at high temperatures results in an insoluble, unsightly, greasy layer of grime on appliance surfaces in residential and commercial kitchens. Over time, adsorbed grime becomes difficult to remove using normal dishwashing detergents. A number of studies have focused on the deterioration and oxidation of oils and the harmful effects that volatile compounds associated with such processes have on human health. Little attention, however, has been paid to kitchen grime. The present study examined grime obtained from the surfaces of appliances such as sirocco fans, filters, and range hoods in residential kitchens in Tokyo. The grime was characterized by X‐ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), thermal hydrolysis methylation–gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (THM–GCMS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The chemical composition and structure of the grime differed from those of the edible oils. The grime consisted mainly of polymerized and oxidized triacylglycerols. Bridging between unsaturated acyl groups of triglycerols occurred through thermal oxidation and aging in air, yielding their dimers, trimers, and highly polymerized products while also transforming unsaturated acyl groups into saturated ones. Cross‐linking reactions involving dibasic acids also caused polymerization. Those polymerized products strongly adhered to the hard surfaces of the appliances. Small amounts of cellulose fibers from air or towel may also play a role in mechanically stabilizing the dirt structure.
The modification and analysis of vegetable oil for cheese making
Authors: Yu Liangping , Hammond Earl G. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjectives of this study were (i) to incorporate short‐chain fatty acids (SCFA) in vegetable oils to obtain a bland product that could be used as a milk fat substitute in cheese making and (ii) to improve the methods for fatty acid analysis of vegetable oils modified with SCFA. Short‐chain triglycerides (SCTG) were synthesized by esterifying SCFA with glycerol, and using a toluene azeotrope to remove the water of esterification. SCFA from two sources were used: (i) commercial acids and (ii) acids isolated by double distillation of milk fat methyl esters. The SCTG had a bitter, unacceptable flavor, but after interesterification with high‐oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) and deodorization, the flavor was quite acceptable. SCTG were incorporated into HOSO at 100 and 120% of the levels found in the milk fat, by sodium methoxide‐catalyzed interesterification. For fatty acid analysis, milk fat and simulated milk fat were converted to their decyl ester derivatives and analyzed by gas chromatography without further purification. The method was accurate and rapid for fatty acid analysis of fats containing a wide range of fatty acid chain lengths. All modified HOSO gave bland and acceptable flavors and had a SCFA composition close to that of milk fat. Results from using the modified HOSO in cheese making are reported in a later paper.
Rosmariquinone interactions in autoxidation and light‐sensitized oxidation of stripped soybean oil
Authors: Hall Clifford A. , Cuppett Susan L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractTwo studies were conducted, using a stripped soybean oil model system, to evaluate the antioxidant interaction(s) between rosmariquinone (RQ) and oil components, including chlorophyll (CHL), β‐carotene (CAR), and tocopherol(s) (TOCO), under both autoxidation and light‐sensitized oxidation. In autoxidation, CHL alone had no effect on the level of oxidation, whereas CAR alone showed prooxidant (P<0.05) activity. RQ and RQ+CHL or RQ+CAR were significantly (P<0.05) better in controlling autoxidation. RQ appeared to be responsible for the activity in the test combinations. However, among the treatments containing TOCO, RQ, and RQ+TOCO, RQ+TOCO gave a level (P<0.05) of inhibition that indicated a possible synergistic relationship. When tested in a light‐sensitized oxidative system, CHL and CAR had no effect on oxidation relative to the control and, again, RQ alone or in combination with CHL or CAR was responsible for the greatest (P<0.05) inhibition of oxidation. RQ+TOCO had better (P<0.05) inhibitory activity than the individual compounds. In the second study, the interaction between RQ and TOCO was studied. TOCO, added at levels found in the nonstripped soybean oil, and RQ, added at two levels (100 and 200 ppm), were tested alone or in combination in both autoxidation and light‐sensitized oxidation. In autoxidation, the combination of RQ at 200 ppm and TOCO was synergistic; however, in light‐sensitized oxidation, this combination was not synergistic. Monitoring the loss of both RQ and TOCO suggested that during autoxidation RQ acted as a secondary antioxidant relative to TOCO.
Synergies between plant antioxidant blends in preventing peroxidation reactions in model and food oil systems
Authors: Irwandi J. , Che Man Y. B. , Kitts D. D. , Bakar J. , Jinap S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA study was conducted to investigate the oxidative behavior of various mixtures of rosemary, sage, and citric acid in a linoleic acid model system by oxygen consumption measurement and in a palm olein system by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the use of the mixtures. Results showed that rosemary and sage were two important factors for the protective index (PI). The two antioxidants were highly significantly (P<0.001) in influencing PI values. There was a significant (P<0.01) synergistic effect between rosemary and sage on PI values. Citric acid was also found to be significant (P<0.05) for PI. With respect to onset time (To), all three antioxidants were significant (P<0.05). However, no significant interaction among antioxidants was found for To. Mathematical models for both PI and To could be developed with confidence. The R2 values for PI and To were 0.992 and 0.926, respectively. A combination of 0.078% rosemary, 0.067% sage and 0.037% citric acid was the optimal combination for PI, whereas a combination of 0.068% rosemary, 0.075% sage, and 0.039% citric acid was required to reach the optimal To value.
Antioxidative activity of purple peril (Perilla frutescens L.), moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.), and roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.) extracts in rapeseed oil
Authors: Povilaityee V. , Venskutonis P. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe antioxidant acticities (AA) of acetone oleoresins (AO) and deodorized acetone extracts (DAE) of Roman chamomile (Anthemis nobilis L.), purple peril (Perilla frutescens L.), and Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) were tested in refined, bleached, and deodorized rapeseed oil by the Schaal oven test at 50°C. The addition of 1,000 ppm of AO and DAE of moldavian dragonhead and Roman chamomile significantly stabilized rapeseed oil. Their AA at the used concentration were higher than AA of a synthetic antioxidant, butylated hydroxytoluene (200 ppm), in reducing the rate of peroxide value increase to 20 meq/kg. AA of AO of purple peril was not significant, while DAE of this plant increased autoxidation induction period by 22%. It is also worthy of notice that AA of DAE from all investigated plants was slightly higher than AA of AO obtained from the same plants.
Influence of pH and protei thermal treatment on the rheology of pea protein‐stabilized oil‐in‐water emulsions
Authors: Franco J. M. , Partal P. , Ruiz‐M rquez D. , Conde B. , Gallegos C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe influence of emulsion pH and previous thermal treatment of the protein on the rheological behavior of pea protein‐stabilized emulsions has been studied. Oil‐in‐water emulsions with 65% weight oil and 6% weight pea protein isolate were prepared. Emulsion pH was varied between 3.5 and 7.0. In addition to this, the protein aqueous phase was submitted to different previous thermal treatments by modifying temperature from 25 to 90°C and heating time from 20 to 60 min. To study the influence of the above‐mentioned variables, droplet size distribution and steady‐state flow curves were determined, and linear viscoelastic measurements were carried out. An increase in the pH of the emulsion initially leads to an increase in emulsion viscosity and viscoelastic functions, as well as to a decrease in the mean droplet size, up to an emulsion pH close to the protein isoelectric point, where a singular rheological behavior is found. An increase in temperature or heating time on the protein aqueous phase yields higher values of steady‐state viscosity and linear viscoelasticity functions, up to a complete denaturation of the protein.
Determination of phosphorus in edible oils by inductively coupled plasma—Atomic emission spectrometry and oil‐in‐water emulsion of sample introduction
Authors: Benzo Z. , Murillo M. , Marcano E. , Gomez C. , Garaboto A. , Espinoza A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe determination of phosphous was carried out using emulsion sample preparation followed by analysis by inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The optimal oil‐in‐water (o/w) emulsion and surfactant concentrations were found by applying response surface methodology. Two phosphorus emission lines were tested. Ethoxynonylphenol was a good choice for the emulsion preparation. The optimal concentration for the oil in the o/w emulsion and the surfactant concentrations were ca. 8.0–37% w/w and ca. 1.0–10% w/w ethoxynonylphenol, respectively, for the 213.620 nm line; and an oil phase emulsion concentration between ca. 18–32% w/w and ca. 3–8% w/w ethoxynonylphenol for the 214.911 nm emission line. Good agreement was found between calibration curves for emulsified aqueous standards solutions and o/w emulsions. The use of aqueous standards for calibration purposes is a good addition in the analysis of this type of oil sample where certified standards are not available. Recoveries ranged from 98 to 105% and from 102 to 116% for the 213 and 214 nm lines, respectively with relative standard deviations lower than 7%.
Brief report: How do adolescents perceive the risks related to cell‐phone use?
Authors: Martha Cécile , Griffet Jean 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTBesides the social risks of incivility and impoliteness (I‐incivility), cell‐phone use is classically associated with two types of physical risk: microwave radiation (LIMRadiation) and decreased attention while driving (CPUWDriving). As the literature has showed that adolescents’ risky behavior was consistent with their risk perception, we ran a self‐report survey to evaluate 1/how French adolescents perceived physical risks related to CPUWDriving, exposure to LIMRadiation, and social risks related to I‐incivility; and 2/the factors underlying these risk perceptions.Results showed that adolescents have an acute perception of the risks associated with CPUWDriving and appeared to be concerned, as a whole, with social risks related to I‐Incivility. They do not appear particularly concerned by the risks related to LIMRadiation, which may reflect societal confusion about risks still considered as hypothetical and/or based on equivocal evidence. Gender, ethnicity, and age were not predictive for perceived risks. Level of schooling had a positive influence on perceived risks related to CPUWDriving and I‐Incivility, and cell‐phone ownership had an inverse relationship with perceived risks related to I‐Incivility.
A minimal stress model for the assessment of electroacupuncture analgesia in rats under halothane
Authors: Wen Yeong‐Ray , Yeh Geng‐Chang , Shyu Bai‐Chuang , Ling Qing‐Dong , Wang Kuo‐Ching , Chen Ta‐Liang , Sun Wei‐Zen 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe use of anesthetics in acupuncture analgesia is controversial. We evaluate a steady‐state light anesthesia model to test whether minimal stress manipulation and reliable measurement of analgesia could be simultaneously achieved during electroacupuncture (EA) in animals.A series of experiments were performed. Firstly, EA compliance and tail‐flick latencies (TFL) were compared in rats under 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7%, or 1.1% halothane for 120min. Under 0.5% halothane, TFL were then measured in groups receiving EA at intensity of 3, 10 or 20 volt (V), 1 or 2mg/kg morphine, 20V EA plus naloxone, or control. Subsequently, the effect of EA on formalin‐induced hyperalgesia was tested and c‐fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn was analyzed.Rats exhibited profound irritable behaviors and highly variable TFL under 0.1% or 0.3% halothane, as well as a time‐dependent increase of TFL under 0.7% or 1.1% halothane. TFL remained constant at 0.5% halothane, and needle insertion and electrical stimulation were well tolerated. Under 0.5% halothane, EA increased TFL and suppressed formalin‐induced hyperalgesia in an intensity‐dependent and naloxone‐reversible manner. EA of 20V prolonged TFL by 74%, suppressed formalin‐induced hyperalgesia by 32.6% and decreased c‐fos expression by 29.7% at the superficial and deep dorsal horn with statistically significant difference.In conclusion, 0.5% halothane provides a steady‐state anesthetic level which enables the humane application of EA stimulus with the least interference on analgesic assessment. This condition serves as a minimal stress EA model in animals devoid of stress‐induced analgesia while maintaining physiological and biochemical response in the experiment.