bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hyphenated mass spectrometric techniques—indispensable tools in clinical and forensic toxicology and in doping control
Authors: Maurer Hans H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHyphenated mass spectrometric techniques, particularly gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS), are indispensable tools in clinical and forensic toxicology and in doping control owing to their high sensitivity and specificity. They are used for screening, library‐assisted identification and quantification of drugs, poisons and their metabolites, prerequisites for competent expertise in these fields. In addition, they allow the study of metabolism of new drugs or poisons as a basis for developing screening procedures in biological matrices, most notably in urine, or toxicological risk assessment. Concepts and procedures using GC/MS and LC/MS techniques in the areas of analytical toxicology and the role of mass spectral libraries are presented and discussed in this feature article. Finally, perspectives of their future position are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Intervention strategies to inhibit protein carbonylation by lipoxidation‐derived reactive carbonyls
Authors: Aldini Giancarlo , Dalle‐Donne Isabella , Facino Roberto Maffei , Milzani Aldo , Carini Marina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractProtein carbonylation induced by reactive carbonyl species (RCS) generated by peroxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids plays a significant role in the etiology and/or progression of several human diseases, such as cardiovascular (e.g., atherosclerosis, long‐term complications of diabetes) and neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and cerebral ischemia). Most of the biological effects of intermediate RCS, mainly α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes, di‐aldehydes, and keto‐aldehydes, are due to their capacity to react with the nucleophilic sites of proteins, forming advanced lipoxidation end‐products (ALEs). Because of the emerging deleterious role of RCS/protein adducts in several human diseases, different potential therapeutic strategies have been developed in the last few years. This review sheds focus on fundamental studies on lipid‐derived RCS generation, their biological effects, and their reactivity with proteins, with particular emphasis to 4‐hydroxy‐trans‐2‐nonenal (HNE)‐, acrolein (ACR)‐, malondialdehyde (MDA)‐, and glyoxal (GO)‐modified proteins. It also discusses the recently developed pharmacological approaches for the management of chronic diseases in which oxidative stress and RCS formation are massively involved. Inhibition of ALE formation, based on carbonyl‐sequestering agents, seems to be the most promising pharmacological tool and is reviewed in detail. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 6, 817–868, 2007
Multilingual digital libraries: Research and practice
Authors: Zhang Yin , Oard Douglas , Howarth Lynne , Witten Ian H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis session focuses on important issues in designing and implementing multilingual digital libraries. A group of experts who have both research and implementation experiences with multilingual digital libraries will join the panel to present and discuss: (1) the state of the art of searching a broad range of spoken word multilingual digital collections, (2) research and development of a multilingual cross‐repository retrieval prototype, and (3) implementation of an open source digital library system that supports creating multilingual digital libraries.
From spam filtering to information retrieval and back: Seeking conceptual foundations for spam filtering
Authors: Lueg Christopher P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEmail filters removing or tagging messages suspected to be “spam” have become ubiquitous. Presumably, spam filters identify spam messages but a closer look at the filtering process suggests there is a conceptual gap between user‐referential definitions of spam (“unsolicitedemail”) developed in relevant discourse and (often implicit) definitions of spam operationalized by spam filters. In this contribution we outline the gap and explore whether information filtering and information retrieval terminology could be used to conceptualize spam filtering in a systematic, theoretically grounded way, thus helping introduce spam filtering terminology that could be operationalized in a meaningful way.
Annotating the Web: An exploratory study of Web users' needs for personal annotation tools
Authors: Fu Xin , Ciszek Tom , Marchionini, Gary , Solomon Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis exploratory study investigates the needs Web users have to make annotations for their personal use when they view Web pages. Three forms of annotations observed on printed documents ‐ text selection and emphasis, association building, and document re‐segmentation ‐ are examined in the Web environment. The study shows that text selection and association building through notes or symbols remain the dominant forms of annotation on the Web, while structural annotation (re‐segmentation) and layout annotation (change of font, color, etc.) are also prevalent. The study also investigates users' preferences for the tools designed to facilitate Web annotation practices. Findings suggest that usability is of utmost importance when developing Web annotation tools, and that under the current technical conditions, users welcome lightweight annotation functions, which are built into standard Web browsers.
Lost in translation? Applying information behavior research to information systems design
Authors: Burton‐West Tom , Vondracek Ruth , Erdelez Sanda , Hendry David G. , Hirsh Sandra , Marchionini Gary 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInformation seeking and use research generates numerous results on how users approach systems. Why then does it seem that something is lost in translation between research results and systems design? Panelists will discuss their experiences with incorporating the findings of information behavior research in system design. This panel focuses on the gap between the research on information seeking and use and its applications to systems design. Panelists from industry and academia will address the following issues:

Why is there a gap between research and design practice? How can that gap be characterized?
What are the obstacles to applying information behavior research to system design? How can these be overcome?
What is the role of information behavior research in development projects? Howe can research results more effectively benefit design?
How can researchers become more involved in influencing design?
What is needed to improve communication between information behavior researchers and others involved in the design of information systems?
How can systems designers, vendors, and librarians who purchase and customize commercial and open source information systems address these issues?
Developing multi‐method, iterative, and user‐centered evaluation strategies for digital libraries: Functionality, usability, and accessibility
Authors: Snead John T. , Bertot John Carlo , Jaeger Paul T. , McClure Charles R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsability, functionality, and accessibility testing of digital library information services and products are essential for providing high quality services to users. This paper details a long‐term, evolving effort to develop meaningful evaluations for assessing digital libraries. The authors of this paper have been engaged in a multi‐year study to determine appropriate evaluation techniques, tools, and methodologies for the Florida Electronic Library (FEL) and other digital libraries. The evaluation protocols and approaches have been designed over time and iteratively through assessment efforts of the research team of other digital library initiatives and with multiple versions of the FEL. As such, this paper examines the process of developing, applying, and refining appropriate evaluation methodologies for the networked environment of libraries, as well as the implications of these methodologies.The approach taken in the research described herein relies on a combination of evaluation strategies applied iteratively to assess libraries from the perspective of patron needs. A number of specific methods, as shown in this paper, can be readily developed to provide such evaluations. The following goals guide the presentation in this paper of the development through time of the methods and instruments created, tested, refined, and operationalized in functionality, usability, and accessibility testing by the researchers. The goals of this paper are to: 1) demonstrate the potential roles of multiple, iterative evaluation strategies in the development and refinement of digital libraries; 2) detail the methodologies that focus on how the services meet the needs of users; and 3) encourage further discussion of the uses of these multiple evaluation approaches in assessing these libraries.
Modeling the information behaviour of software engineers using a work ‐ task framework
Authors: Freund Luanne , Toms Elaine G. , Waterhouse Julie 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFaced with the rapid proliferation of digital information resources within organizations, employees need targeted search systems in order to be effective in their jobs. The goal of this study is to develop a model of information behaviour within a work‐task framework that can be used to inform the design of a workplace information search system. In a two‐phase process, we conducted a series of studies using multiple methods to identify workplace characteristics and to understand how they influence the needs, search strategies, and information sources used by software engineers working as services consultants in a large high‐tech company.
Going beyond counting first authors in author co‐citation analysis
Authors: Zhao Dangzhi 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co‐citation analysis (ACA) ‐ the way co‐citation counts are defined. Co‐citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co‐citation counting ‐ the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non‐traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non‐traditional author co‐citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first‐author co‐citation counting when the same number of top‐ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed.
RoMEO Green at the University of Kansas: An experiment to encourage interest and participation among faculty and jump start populating the KU scholarworks repository
Authors: Mercer Holly , Emmett Ada 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUniversities around the world are beginning to develop digital repositories in order to offer new methods for the distribution and preservation of the intellectual output of their faculty. The University of Kansas (KU) is among these universities and is exploring ways to provide better access to and preservation of published and unpublished scholarly research created by KU faculty. The University's institutional repository, KU ScholarWorks (http://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/), entered into production in October 2004 with participation from selected departments and research centers and opened to all faculty early in 2005.While the expectation is that faculty will self‐archive their submissions through a departmental community structure, we initiated a project, RoMEO Green, to explore other staff‐mediated options for content recruitment. This paper will address the steps taken thus far to populate the repository through this alternative process, the data collection methods, and early findings during the data analysis phase. We will discuss possible implications of these results for future directions of this project and for the larger mission of KU ScholarWorks. Project findings may be of interest to institutions considering different models for populating institutional repositories.
Finding pleasure in information seeking: Leisure and amateur genealogists exploring their Irish ancestry
Authors: Fulton Crystal 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGenealogy may be characterized as serious leisure, that is an amateur or voluntary activity in which the hobby forms a central life interest, with participants actively acquiring and expressing special skills, knowledge and experience (Stebbins, 1996; 1997). Information skills development and information exchange are key features of genealogy. Amateur genealogists are very often older adults who have time to devote themselves to learning information and technical skills needed to navigate the complex maze of resources that support this activity.This paper explores the information seeking behaviour of amateur genealogists in their leisure. Amateur genealogists from around the world participated in telephone interviews about their hunt for their Irish ancestors. Data were analyzed to identify patterns of communication and links between and among amateur genealogists, groups, and resources. Findings reveal that amateur genealogists are a unique group of information seekers, who devote their spare time to information seeking and sharing among like‐minded researchers. Findings suggest that leisure time is an important information seeking context, in which people relate information seeking with pleasure, as opposed to a work‐related or routine life information need.
Meeting the demands of digital scholarship: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Alemneh Daniel Gelaw , Hartman Cathy Nelson , Hastings Samantha Kelly 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe synergies of numerous emerging trends such as the development of open standards and open source software, geometric growth of blogs and podcasts, peer‐to‐peer networking, cross discipline collaborations, etc. provide new directions for scholarship. Likewise, digital libraries and supporting technologies have now matured to the point where their contents are incorporating complex and dynamic resources and services. Powered by network capability and fuelled by digital developments, research is becoming more data intensive in almost every discipline. The rapid pace of development poses new threats and problems. Many of these innovations, for example, may have come at the expense of simplicity, sustainability, and other commonly understood applications in the life cycle management of digital resources. Based on the University of North Texas Libraries' “Portal to Texas History” implementation experiences, this paper provides a general overview on the emerging trends and innovative usage of digital library technologies. This paper provides an overall scenario in the areas of aggregating a variety of digital formats; deploying, maintaining, and archiving digital contents; and other innovative uses of digital library technologies.
The effect of document readability on perceived familiarity and relevance
Authors: Muresan Gheorghe , Liu Lu , Cole Michael , Smith Catherine L. , Belkin Nicholas J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe report on an evaluation of the relationship between document readability, an objective measure related to the length and complexity of words and sentences, and the subjective perception of document relevance of users with a certain level of familiarity to a topic.The research reported here, follow‐up work to our TREC2004effort, tries to explain why all our TREC hypotheses were rejected. While trying to understand what was wrong with our intuition, we propose and test new hypotheses.The main conclusion is that readability may improve the chances that a document is judged relevant, which suggests the use of “blind readability feedback”, i.e. boosting the ranking of relevant documents when performing a search in order to improve retrieval performance.
Blogs as a means of preservation selection for the World Wide Web
Authors: Gouge Marianne K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCurrently, there is not a strong system of selection in place when looking at preserving content on the Web. This study is an examination of the blogging community for the possibility of utilizing the decentralized and distributed nature of link selection that takes place within the community as a means of preservation selection. The purpose of this study is to compare the blog aggregators, Daypop, Blogdex, and BlogPulse, for their ability to collect content which is of archival quality. This study analyzes the content selected by these aggregators to determine if any content which is linked to most frequently for a given day is of archival quality. Archival quality is determined by comparing the content from the aggregator lists to criteria assembled for the study from a variety of archival policies and principles.
Reports of the demise of the "user" have been greatly exaggerated: Dervin's sense‐making and the methodological resuscitation of the user – looking backwards, looking forward
Authors: Dervin Brenda , Fisher Karen E. , Durrance Joan , Ross Catherine , Savolainen Reijo , Solomon Paul 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn 2003, an ASIST panel (Rosenbaum, Davenport, Lieuvrouw, Day, 2003) pronounced the "death of the user" suggesting that new technologies undermine a concept that was already weak in ability to account for agency in information seeking and use. This panel challenges that pronouncement by addressing how methodological approaches have created users in different manifestations – emotional, cognitive, physical, and social – elusive and capricious, dead or almost so, overly demanding, disinterested, individualistic, materialistic, culture‐bound, active, passive…. Panelists zero in on how they have used and struggled with Dervin's Sense‐Making Methodology (Dervin & Foreman‐Wernet, 2003) in attempts to conduct parsimonious, heuristic, and useful user studies and to introduce a strong user‐orientation into LIS pedagogy and practice. Starting with the seminal Dervin & Nilan (1986) ARIST review of information seeking and use studies, Dervin's Sense‐Making has been pointed to as sparking the turn toward user‐oriented studies of information seeking and use (e.g., Savolainen, 1993). Sense‐Making has been much quoted and misquoted, praised and criticized, implemented and co‐opted. This panel will look backwards and forward using Sense‐Making as an exemplar and foil for considering the ways philosophies that drive methodologies and methods that implement them enlarge or diminish our conceptions of the user.
Finding documents in a digital institutional repository: DSpace and Eprints
Authors: Kim Jihyun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInstitutional repositories are “digital collections that capture and preserve the intellectual output of universities” (Crow, 2002). While still in their initial stages of development, much attention has been paid to the technical and administrative components. This paper examines the usability of the interfaces of two of the most commonly used institutional repository systems: DSpace and Eprints. By using heuristic evaluation and usability testing, eighteen undergraduate students were tested using a between subjects experimental design. Measures included time for completing tasks, the number of errors, and users' satisfaction from post‐test questionnaires. Results of the study indicated that DSpace users spent less time completing tasks and made fewer errors than Eprints users. Overall satisfaction of DSpace was also higher than Eprints. Based on this analysis of problem areas, the study suggests guidelines for institutional repository interfaces.
Reading and navigational strategies of Web users with lower literacy skills
Authors: Summers Kathryn , Summers Michael 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAbout half of the adults in the U.S. read at the 8th grade level or below (Kirsch, Junegeblut, Jenkins, & Kolstad, 1993). Yet most websites are written at the 10th grade level or higher. The goal of this two‐year study, sponsored by Pfizer, was twofold: 1) to understand the differences between the reading and navigational strategies of users with medium to high literacy skills and those with lower literacy skills; 2) to learn how to make web‐based medical content usable and accessible for lower‐literacy adults, and to develop design principles that could be used to design websites that would meet the needs of both higher and lower literacy users.
Conflicting approaches to user information seeking education in Scandinavian Web‐based tutorials
Authors: Sundin Olof 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to make visible different approaches to university librarians' professional expertise such as they are mediated through user information seeking education. The empirical basis of the study consists of an analysis of 31 web‐based tutorials in information literacy accessible via Scandinavian university libraries' web‐sites. The results make apparent four, sometimes conflicting, approaches to user information seeking education expressed in the tutorials: a source approach, a behavior approach, a process approach and a communication approach. These approaches disclose different ways of defining central concepts such as information, information seeking and the user. A study of attitudes to user education is important as attitudes entail practical consequences for the operation of user education.
Affective and cognitive information behavior: Interaction effects in Internet use
Authors: Nahl Diane 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe presence and influence of affective variables in information behavior was studied. Affective load (AL), a compound variable consisting of uncertainty and technophobia measures, was found to be present in a variety of simple and complex information tasks integrated into upper‐division, disciplinary coursework. Affective load was higher in those who reported low values of affective coping skills and who had either high or low cognitive assessment scores. Affective coping skills (ACS) consist of self‐efficacy (SE) and optimism (Op) measures. High self‐efficacy and optimism have been found to significantly and beneficially influence success in a variety of information tasks, by counteracting the effects of negative emotions such as irritation and frustration. In this study, high coping skills provided a significant affective advantage as indicated by higher optimism, stronger self‐efficacy, lower uncertainty, higher support and acceptance of the system and lower affective load. The group with high cognitive skills reported significantly higher optimism, higher affective coping skills and higher felt exercise of control, demonstrating an interaction between cognitive and affective skills. There was a distinct advantage for those who had both high affective coping skills and high cognitive skills. They experienced relatively low affective load and high acceptance of the system.
Immunomodulatory effects of fusarochromanones TDP‐1 and TDP‐2
Authors: Minervini Fiorenza , Lucivero Giacomo , Visconti Angelo , Bottalico Clementina 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn in vitro peripheral lymphocyte blastogenesis system was used to investigate the biological activities of the fungal toxin fusarochromanone (TDP‐1) and its monoacetyl derivative TDP‐2. Briefly, cultures of human or bovine peripheral lymphocytes were exposed to TDP‐1 or TDP‐2 and a mitogen (PHA, Con A or PWM). After a standard incubation time, cell proliferation was quantified using the MTT bioassay. Human and bovine lymphocyte proliferation was inhibited by high concentrations of TDP‐1; however, bovine lymphocyte proliferation was significantly increased at low concentrations of TDP‐1. TDP‐2 has similar but less pronounced effects on lymphocyte proliferation. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.