bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A note on Pseudomonas syringae pv. berberidis infections of Berberis: aetiology of a leaf spot and leaf fall disease in England
Authors: Roberts S.J. , Preece T. F. 
Published: March 2008

Roberts, S.J. & Preece, T.F. 1984. A note on Pseudomonas syringae pv. berberidis infections of Berberis: aetiology of a leaf spot and leaf fall disease in England. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 507–513.A leaf spot and leaf fall disease is currently causing problems among certain Berberis spp. in England. Evergreens affected include B. julianae, B. gagnepainii, B. candidula, B. hookeri, and deciduous spp. include B. x ottawensis and B. thunbergii. The pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. berberidis, which was confirmed as a distinct pathover by biochemical and host tests, was isolated from less than half of leaves showing typical symptoms. Isolates of Ps. syringae pv. berberidis from England, New Zealand and USA differed in cultural characteristics and in patho‐genicity to certain Berberis spp.
A note on the pectinolytic enzyme of Streptococcus bovis
Authors: Wojciechowicz Maria , Ziolecki A. 
Published: March 2008

Wojciechowicz, M. & Ziolecki, A. 1984. A note on the pectinolytic enzyme of Streptococcus bovis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 515–518.A pectinolytic strain of Streptococcus bovis isolated from the bovine rumen produced an endopolygalacturonate lyase (EC 4.2.2.2). The principal decomposition products of pectin were unsaturated methyl tetra‐ and tri‐galacturonates.
The biochemical challenge of microbial pathogenicity
Authors: Smith H. 
Published: March 2008

In the past decade there has been a revival of interest in microbial pathogenicity. The reasons for this revival are two‐fold. First, infectious disease is still with us despite the impact of the antibiotic era; for example, the rise of bacterial and fungal infections in compromised patients and the lack of a good general antiviral drug. Second, the subject of microbial pathogenicity is ripe for application of techniques of biochemistry, molecular biology and genetics that have developed in other areas of biology over the past twenty years; and the potential of these techniques is particularly attractive to young people, who are entering the field in increasing numbers.In this lecture I shall survey the methods and difficulties of investigating microbial pathogenicity and what we know of the main aspects of the subject at the molecular level. I shall use bacteria as examples because more is known about them than other types of microbes. Lack of space prevents quoting original papers in such a wide‐ranging task; in most cases reference is made to authorative reviews.
Studies on the microbiology of cassava retting for foo‐foo production
Authors: Okafor N. , Ijioma B. , Oyolu C. 
Published: March 2008

Okafor N. Ijioma B. Oyolu, C. 1984. Studies on the microbiology of cassava retting for foo‐foo production. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 1–13.Five bacteria (Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Klebsiella, Leuconostoc, and Corynebacterium) and a yeast (Candida spp.) were isolated from cassava being fermented for foo‐foo production. Retting of cassava was assessed by determining the weight required to crush cylindrical cassava pieces. A weight in excess of 2.5 kg was required to crush an unfermented peeled cassava cylinder 4 mm diameter and 4 cm long whereas a weight as small as 20 g could crush the same piece after retting. The organisms were studied for their ability to cause retting of sterile cassava pieces, alone or in various combinations. Retting did not occur unless either the Bacillus sp. or the Corynebacterium sp. was present. Only these two organisms hydrolysed starch. The lactic acid bacteria lowered the pH of the fermenting medium although they did not bring about retting. The typical aroma of foo‐foo was produced, however, only when the lactic acid bacteria were present in the mixture. Only the Corynebacterium sp., was, however, shown to produce pectinolytic enzymes and it is possible that the Bacillus sp. caused retting by disintegrating other cell components. The typical aroma of foo‐foo is disliked by some individuals and it seems possible that foo‐foo with a bland aroma, which will presumably be more acceptable to this group, can be produced by using organisms causing retting while excluding those forming lactic acid.
A numerical taxonomic study of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum‐packed beef, pork, lamb and bacon
Authors: Shaw B.G. , Harding Charmaigne D. 
Published: March 2008

Shaw B. G. & Harding Charmaigne D. 1984. A numerical taxonomic study of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum packed beef, pork, lamb and bacon. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 25–40.A numerical taxonomic study using 79 unit characters has been performed on 100 isolates of lactic acid bacteria from refrigerated vacuum‐packed beef, pork, lamb and bacon. Three clusters were observed at 78% S which contained all the strains apart from three unidentifiable streptobacteria, one Leuconostoc, and one strain of Pediococcus pentosaceus. One cluster (III) consisted of only one strain of Leuc. paramesenteroides and six unidentifiable Leuconostoc strains. The two largest clusters (I and II) were both composed entirely of streptobacteria. Cluster I contained 31 strains (G + C content 33–2–36–9 moles %) which were not identifiable with any described species. Cluster II contained 57 strains (G + C content 40–7–43–7 moles %) which were provisionally identified with Lactobacillus sake or Lact. bavaricus according to the lactic acid isomer produced. The division of nearly all the streptobacteria into two clearly defined clusters has resolved problems which have existed in the classification of lactic acid bacteria from vacuum‐packed meat.
Effects of microbial colonization of barley (Hovdeum vulgare L.) roots on seedling growth
Authors: Lynch J.M. , Clark Sarah J. 
Published: March 2008

Lynch J.M. & Clark Sarah J. 1984. Ejects of microbial colonization of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) roots on seedling growth. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 47–52.A range of micro‐organisms, particularly pseudomonads, was isolated from seed, rhizosphere soil and straw. Their colonization and effects on the growth of barley seedlings in gnotobiotic culture were studied. The colonization potentials of the different species were between 004 and 47 times 106 viable cells/mg dry root. Some organisms stimulated root and shoot extension and dry matter production while others were inhibitory; these effects were not directly related to the colonization potentials.
Effects of the resistance plasmid R124 on the level of the OmpF outer membrane protein and on the response of Escherichia coli to environmental agents
Authors: Rossouw F.T. , Rowbury R. J. 
Published: March 2008

Rossouw F.T. & Rowbury R.J.1984. Effects of the resistance plasmid R124 on the level of the OmpF outer membrane protein and on the response of Escherichia coli to environmental agents. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 56, 63–79.The introduction of the F‐like resistance plasmid R124 into an ompC mutant of Escherichia coli K12 conferred altered sensitivity to a wide range of inhibitory agents. Sensitivity to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ethionine, copper ions, deoxycholate, two fatty acids and colicins L and M was decreased by the plasmid. In contrast the plasmid‐bearing ompC derivatives were more sensitive than the plasmid‐free ompC mutant to erythromycin, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and phenol. Introduction of R124 into the ompC strain also decreased the level of the OmpF protein and some (but not all) of the changed sensitivities listed above clearly resulted from this outer membrane protein deficiency. The presence in the ompC mutant of R124 (rather than the more efficient introduction of the plasmid into variants of the ompC strain) led to at least most of the changes described above because those tested were accentuated by the presence of a copy mutant of R124 and reversed by plasmid curing.
Hydrogen‐using bacteria in a methanogenic acetate enrichment culture
Authors: Archer D.B. 
Published: March 2008

Archer, D.B. 1984. Hydrogen‐using bacteria in a methanogenic acetate enrichment culture. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 125–129.In a study of the anaerobic utilization of acetate, an enrichment culture of sewage sludge organisms was initiated with calcium acetate as the sole carbon and energy source. A mixed bacterial population became established from which 14 anaerobic species were isolated. Two of the isolates were methanogenic bacteria but only one of these, Methanosarcina barkeri, utilised acetate as an energy source in axenic culture. The other methanogenic isolate, a Methanobacterium sp., utilised H2/CO2 but not acetate. A third methanogen, which was morphologically identical to Methanothrix soehngenii, was detected in the enrichment but was not obtained in monoculture. 2‐Bromoethanesulphonate, a specific inhibitor of methanogenesis. completely inhibited the enrichment at a concentration of 10 μmol/1. Addition of H2 formate or methanol to the enrichment did not affect the rate of methanogenesis. An H2‐utilizing Desulfovibrio sp. was also isolated from the enrichment.
Competition studies with Rhizobium trifolii in a field experiment
Authors: McLloughlin T.J. , Bordeleau L.M. , Dunican L.K. 
Published: March 2008

McLoughlin, T.J. Bordeleau L.M. & Dunican, L.K. 1984. Competition studies with Rhizobium trifolii in a field experiment. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 131–135.Competition studies were carried out in a field experiment by comparing the ability of antibiotic marked Rhizobium strains inoculated at three inoculum levels in forming nodules against an effective indigenous Rhizobium population of 1.5 times 105/g. Three inoculum strains were assessed. It was seen that by increasing the level of inoculum there was a corresponding increase in the number of nodules formed by the introduced strains. G1067 formed a high proportion (85%) at the highest level, whereas the other two inoculum strains occupied less than 50% of the nodules at the same level. Persistence of the inoculum strain was measured into the second season; G1032 could not be detected, G1006 (another ‘foreign’ strain) formed 43% and G1067 formed 97% of the nodules sampled. The indigenous Rhizobium population isolated from nodules was shown to be heterogenous, and 15 different intrinsic antibiotic resistance patterns were found. Fifty per cent of the isolates fell in the same group which showed a similar pattern to that of the inoculum strain G1067.
Glycerol utilization by Brochothrix thermosphacta*
Authors: Macaskie Lynne E. , Sheard A.G. , Dainty R.H. , Henderson P.J.F. 
Published: March 2008

Macaskie, Lynne E. Sheard, A.G.M. Dainty, R.H. Henderson, P.J.F.1984. Glycerol utilization by Brochothrix thermosphacta. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 137–143.Growth of the meat spoilage organism, Brochothrix thermosphacta, was supported by either glucose or glycerol with acetoin production. Similar yields of bacteria were obtained at growth‐limiting concentrations of either substrate. The rate of uptake of each substrate was similar but glycerol supported higher rates of respiration than glucose. These findings are discussed in relation to metabolism of glycerol and the use of glycerol for meat storage.
Determination of susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin by luciferim‐luciferase assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate
Authors: McWalter P.W. 
Published: March 2008

McWalter, P.W. 1984. Determination of susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin by luciferin‐luciferase assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 56, 145–150.Susceptibility of 50 strains of Staphylococcus aureus to methicillin was determined by disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test and luciferin‐luciferase assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP concentration time curves calculated on eight strains (four sensitive, four resistant) incubated at 30d̀C indicated 2.5 h as the optimum time for determination of methicillin susceptibility. The ATP concentration and relative light unit (RLU) value of each test broth (antibiotic‐containing), expressed as a percentage of its own control broth (antibiotic‐free) indicated values of < 30% for ATP and < 40% for RLU to be indicative of methicillin sensitivity. Single time point ATP assays carried out on the 50 strains after 2.5 h at 30d̀C correlated exactly with disc diffusion and MIC. Luciferin‐luciferase assay of bacterial ATP appeared to be a reliable, rapid technique for determining the susceptibility of Staph. aureus to methicillin.
Plasmid profiles of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis
Authors: Baumgartner A. , Nicolet J. , Eggimann M. 
Published: March 2008

A. Baumgartner, J. Nicolet & M. Eggimann 1984. Plasmid profiles of Staphylococcus aureus causing bovine mastitis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 159–163.Plasmid profiles of Staphylococcus aureus, isolated from herds affected with chronic bovine mastitis, are heterogeneous, as shown by the study of 85 strains from 18 different farms. The strains isolated within a herd sometimes show related plasmid patterns, although even strains isolated from different quarters of the same udder may show variations in their plasmid content. Strains without antibiotic resistance are frequently free of plasmids. Therefore, the existence of mastitis Staph. aureus virulence plasmids is unlikely. Staphylococcus aureus, resistant to penicillin and streptomycin from 9 different farms show related plasmid patterns. This result confirms a geographic spread of certain mastitis Staph. aureus strains.
Cryosensitivity of Escherichia coli and the involvement of cyclopropane fatty acids
Authors: Calcott P.H. , Oliver J.D. , Dickey K. , Calcott Katherine 
Published: March 2008

Calcott, P.H. Oliver, J.D. Dickey, K. & Calcott Katherine, 1984. Cryosensitivity of Escherichia coli and the involvement of cyclopropane fatty acids. Journal of Applied Bacteriology56, 165–172.Strains of Escherichia coli proficient and deficient in cylopropane fatty acid synthesis were compared for fatty acid content, cryosensitivity, presence of freeze‐thaw‐induced wall and membrane damage, resistance to detergent‐stimulated lysis and tolerance to salt and detergents during growth. The mutant populations synthesized much less cyclopropane fatty acids and were more resistant than the wild type to freezing and thawing in saline only, exhibiting less viability loss and less wall and membrane damage. While the resistance of the mutants to NaCl was unaltered, their detergent resistance was decreased under both growth and non‐growth conditions. Although these physiological changes were associated with a lower cyclopropane fatty acid content in the mutant strains, it is proposed that the responses were due to the altered membrane fluidity of the mutants due to changes in their unsaturated fatty acid content.
A note on the screening of dried shrimps, shrimp paste and raw groundnut kernels for aflatoxin‐producing Aspergillus flavus
Authors: Sim T.S. , Teo Theresa , Sim T.F. 
Published: March 2008

Sim, T.S., Teo, Theresa & Sim, T.F. 1985. A note on the screening of dried shrimps, shrimp paste and raw groundnut kernels for aflatoxin‐producing Aspergillus flavus. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 59, 29–34.All of 33 samples of dried shrimps, shrimp paste, peanut butter and raw groundnut kernels were contaminated with fungi. Aspergillus and Penicillium spp. were the predominant types in dried shrimps and raw groundnut kernels but no Aspergillus spp. were present in peanut butter or shrimp paste samples. Among 81 Aspergillus isolates obtained from dried shrimps and raw groundnut kernels, 10 were A. flavus/ A. parasiticus, of which five were potential aflatoxin‐producing A. flavus strains. No aflatoxins were detected in the food samples although some were visibly mouldy and some had high mould counts. The occurrence of aflatoxin‐producing strains of A. flavus in dried shrimps and raw groundnut kernels warrants further investigation of these foods and their products as potentially significant sources of aflatoxins.
Collaborative study on the isolation of salmonella from artificially contaminated milk powder
Authors: Beckers H.J. , Leusden F.M. Van , Roberts D. , Pietzsch O. , Price T.H. , Schothorst M. Van , Tips P.O. , Vassiliadis P. , Kampelmacher E.H. 
Published: March 2008

Beckers, H.J., van Leusden, F.M., Roberts, D., Pietzsch, O., Price, T.H., van Schothorst, M., Tips, P.D., Vassiliadis, P. & Kampelmacher, E.M. 1985. Collaborative study on the isolation of salmonella from artificially contaminated milk powder. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 35–40.The suitability of artificially contaminated milk powder as a substrate for salmonella reference samples and its stability under different storage conditions were studied. The need for a reconstitution step in the standard isolation method for salmonellas from milk powders was also investigated. When milk powder was examined in this way with a reconstitution step, differences in laboratory methods and/or storage times had no significant effect on the results after storage at 4d̀C. With powder stored at room temperature there was a systematic decrease in the number of samples positive as the storage time increased. It is concluded therefore that milk powder contaminated with salmonellas should be stored at 4d̀C. Examination of such milk powder with a reconstitution step yielded better results than without it and this step is therefore necessary for improving the reproducibility of the method. No significant differences were encountered between the standard isolation method and that used in the authors' laboratories. The results of this study indicate that milk powder is suitable as basic material for reference samples and that a reconstitution step should be included in the standard salmonella isolation procedure.
A note on the increased permeability of opsonized luminous bacteria
Authors: Barak Mira , Merzbach D. , Ulitzur S. 
Published: March 2008

Barak, M., Merzbach D. & Ulitzur, S. 1985. A note on the increased permeability of opsonized luminous bacteria. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 57–59.Opsonization of a dark variant of the luminous bacterium Photobacterium leiog‐nathi by pooled human serum caused an increase in the permeability of the organism to actinomycin D, as judged by the inhibition of the proflavin‐induced synthesis of its luminescence system.
Lysis of Phormidium luridum by Myxococcus fulvus in continuous flow cultures
Authors: Daft M.J. , Burnham J.C. , Yamamoto Yoko 
Published: March 2008

Daft, M.J., Burnham, J.C. & Yamamoto, Y. 1985. Lysis of Phormidium luridum by Myxococcus fulvus in continuous flow cultures. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 73–80.In two chemostat systems Myxococcus fulvus (strain BGO2) adhered to the glass walls of the growth vessel and on glass beads contained in a vertical glass column. The bacterium produced long colonial strands that extended towards the centre of the vessel. Both systems allowed measurement of lytic enzyme production and cyanobacterial predatory efficiency. Lysozyme activity produced by the myxococci was dependent on the concentration of the tryptone and the flow rate of the medium. Continuous lysis of Phormidium luridum occurred in both methods of culture in the presence of M. fulvus (strain BGO2). The results suggest that the adhesive characteristics of this bacterium prevent the achievement of steady state kinetics in either saprophytic or parasitic modes of growth. M. fulvus, with its various morphological growth forms and effectiveness in lysing cyanobacteria, is considered to be a potential control agent of cyanobacteria.
Cellulolytic and dextranolytic Gram‐negative bacteria: revival of the genusCellvibrio
Authors: Blackall Linda L. , Hayward A.C. , Sly L.I. 
Published: March 2008

Blackall, LindaL., Hayward, A.C. & Sly, L.I. 1985. Cellulolytic and dextranolytic Gram‐negative bacteria: revival of the genusCellvibrio. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 81–97.Nine bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere soils by enrichment in a defined mineral salts medium containing either cellulose or dextran as the sole carbon source. These and 17 reference strains, including representatives of two species of the invalid genusCellvibrio, were characterized on morphological, biochemical and physiological properties. Numerical analyses were performed on the results using two different measures of similarity and methods of clustering. Eight of the nine isolates, three unnamed reference strains and the strains ofCellvibrioshowed a high level of similarity and comprised a single cluster in both methods of analysis. The salient properties of strains in this cluster were: Gram‐negative, aerobic, slender rods, some having a slightly curved axis; mixed flagellation; oxida‐tive metabolism of glucose; extensive hydrolytic ability on complex polysaccharides; production of curdlan polysaccharide on glucose. Revival of the genusCellvibrio(Winogradsky 1929) gen. nov., with an amended description and a new type speciesCellvibrio mixtussp. nov. is proposed.
Effects of aqueous and alcoholic povidone‐iodine on spores of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Gorman S.P. , Scott E.M. , Hutchinson E.P. 
Published: March 2008

Gorman, S.P., Scott, E.M. & Hutchinson, E.P. 1985. Effects of aqueous and alcoholic povidone‐iodine on spores of Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 59, 99–105.Spores of Bacillus subtilis NCTC 10073 were examined for susceptibility to two proprietary brands of povidone‐iodine: an aqueous solution, Betadine and an alcoholic solution, Videne. Spores were converted to ion‐exchange (Ca, H) and coat‐defective (SLS‐, UME‐, UMS‐, UDT‐ and UDS‐treated) forms. The resistance of these to povidone‐iodine was compared and related to uptake. Effects on spore protoplasts and cortex in relation to hexosamine release were also examined. The degree of spore penetration and site of action of povidone‐iodine is discussed.
A note on the occurrence of Leuconostoc oenos as a spoilage organism in canned mango juice
Authors: Ethiraj S. , Suresh E.R. 
Published: March 2008

Ethiraj, S. & Suresh, E.R. 1985. A note on the occurrence of Leuconostoc oenos as a spoilage organism in canned mango juice. Journal of Applied ‐Bacteriology59, 239–242.A strain of Leuconostoc oenos was isolated from a blown can of mango juice. Various tests to identify and characterize the bacterium suggested that it could be a strain of L. oenos. This is the first report of L. oenos as a spoilage organism in fruit products other than wine.
Variation within Pseudomonas syringae pv. philadelphi, the cause of a leaf spot of Philadelphus spp.
Authors: Roberts S. J. 
Published: March 2008

Roberts, S.J. 1985. Variation within Pseudomonas syringae pv. philadelphi, the cause of a leaf spot of Philadelphius spp. Journal of Applied Bacteriology59, 283–290In pathogenicity tests on Philadelphus and other plant species, belonging to ten genera in seven families, isolates of Pseudomonas syringae from leaf spots on Philadelphus spp. in England did not produce symptoms on any plants other than Philadelphus. It is therefore proposed that these isolates should be designated a distinct pathovar of Ps. syringae with the name Pseudomonas syringae pv. philadelphi. Isolates of this new pathovar varied in their reactions to 6 of 57 biochemical tests. In phage typing tests isolates also varied in their sensitivity to five of seven bacteriophage strains. Four of the six biochemical tests (aesculin hydrolysis, utilization of DL‐homoserine L‐leucine and sorbitol) and all five of the phages (P11, Pls, P2, A15, and A26) were used to separate the isolates into seven groups. These groups had some relation to their geographical origin, species of Philadelphus from which they were originally isolated, and relative virulence on P. coronarius and P. x purpureo‐maculatus. They may represent ecotypes of this new pathovar.