bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An algorithm for affine transformation of binary images stored in pxy tables by run format
Authors: Shoji Kenji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe algorithm for an affine transformation (such as magnification, reduction, or rotation of a binary image) using a run format and a combination of a skew transformation and a transposition has been known. A transposition using this conventional algorithm requires a relatively large amount of computation time, although its skewing operation is simple and fast.This paper proposes an efficient method of transposition of an image represented by a run format, and its applications to an affine transformation (e.g., rotation, magnification, and reduction of an image). The proposed method uses a simple run data format “pxy tables,” in which the start coordinate of black and white runs are stored alternatively in a one‐dimensional array. An experimental comparison of the proposed method with a conventional method shows that the computation time per run of the former is constant, while that of the latter increases with the length of the black runs. In other words, the computation time of an affine transformation of a binary image by using the proposed method is approximately proportional to the number of runs alone.
How local image velocity is detected by cells on the magnocellular pathway of the visual cortex
Authors: Kawakami Susumu , Okamoto Hiroaki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRecent anatomical studies have clarified that local image velocity is detected by a sequence of cells on the magnocellular pathway of the visual cortex. To the authors' knowledge, however, neither neurophysiological nor theoretical studies have been able to clarify the roles of these cells in velocity detection.The authors propose that the cell sequence constitutes a function hierarchy for detecting velocity. Lateral geniculate nucleus cells first introduce a time delay. They are followed by two simple cell types that perform a Hough transform and a spatio‐temporal correlation. Complex cells then perform an accumulation to convert the velocity into a sine wave composed of activated cells in the complex cell array. The amplitude and phase of the wave correspond to the velocity speed and direction components. Finally, motion‐detection cells in the middle temporal area perform an inverse Hough transform to extract the wave.Five types of cells are modeled as a series of formulas that represent the synaptic functions of neurons. The modeled cells exhibit the same selectivities to stimuli as actual cells. They detect the velocity from various moving stimuli, including dots, straight lines and curves.
Construction of a reusable knowledge base—Generating operation sequences for the accident restoration of primary substations based on the reusable knowledge base
Authors: Zhang Qianren , Sakamoto Morihiro , Kidokoro Kazuaki , Mizoguchi Riichiro , Takaoka Yoshiyuki , Yamashita Masatosi , Hirobe Kenji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe expert systems (ES) in the past have mostly been constructed to solve particular problems, and it is difficult to share or reuse the obtained knowledge. This has been a serious drawback in efficiently constructing an ES. Since practical application of ES is in progress, and the practical usefulness is recognized widely in society at present, it is very significant to work for sharing reuse of knowledge.The authors considered the accident restoration assist of the primary substations, and attempted to construct a reusable knowledge base. In this paper, first, the conventional ES to assist the accident restoration of the primary substations is analyzed, and it is pointed out that the knowledge is restricted to particular substations and, consequently, cannot directly be reused. Then the methodology for constructing the reusable knowledge base is discussed.Based on the presented methodology, the constructing procedure for the reusable knowledge base for the accident restoration of the primary substations is discussed in detail. The knowledge of the expert in problem‐solving is analyzed and is divided into the following three classes: 1) the object model; 2) the general rules; and 3) the knowledge specific to the particular primary substations.Finally, the procedure‐generation system for the accident restoration of the primary substations is described. Through the test using the case data of 10 accidents in 2 primary substations, it is verified that the same operation sequence can be generated as the one by the expert.
Application of abduction to computer bridge
Authors: Uehara Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a method using the hypothetical reasoning for locating missing high cards in the game of bridge. Beginner knowledge for bidding and leading cards is represented by constraint logic programming language CHIP. Observation as to whether one leads with the king of hearts is given as a part of query. Then hypothesizing as to the possession of the ace of hearts is generated by abduction and integrity constraints are checked by consistency techniques in CHIP. A system based on beginners' knowledge is as powerful as an expert system used for the same purpose.
A wavelet neural network with network optimizing function
Authors: Kobayashi Kunizaku , Torioka Toyoshi , Yoshida Nobuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new mapping network combining wavelets and neural networks is proposed. The proposed network has three major characteristics, namely, self‐construction of neural networks, partial retrieval of the approximate mapping, and efficient learning. The network learning algorithm can be divided roughly into the self‐construction process and the error minimization process. In the first process, hidden units are appended serially in such a way that the network structure sufficiently approximates the approximation target. Simultaneously, network parameters are updated by competitive learning. In the second process, network parameters are updated by a localized backpropagation algorithm until the desired approximation accuracy is attained. The effectiveness of the proposed network is demonstrated through computer simulations.
Human‐motion recognition via a fuzzy associative memory system
Authors: Ushida Hirohide , Yamaguchi Toru , Takagi Tomohiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHuman‐motion recognition techniques so far present several problems, such as difficult knowledge representation and poor robustness. With the aim of achieving recognition of human motion in a robust way by using knowledge representation that is easy to be understood, this paper proposes a method utilizing a fuzzy associative memory system.In the proposed method, the fuzzy associative memory system embodies fuzzy inference rules which define motion patterns of characteristic states contained in the time‐series pattern representing the motion. In the fuzzy associative memory system, inference is carried out with state transition patterns as input, and motion recognition is performed.The inference in the fuzzy associative memory system has the following two characteristics: (1) since knowledge can be represented as inference rules, it is easy to be understood by humans; (2) even in ambiguous situations or when part of the input information is missing, the information can be restored, or the degree of ambiguity can be controlled at inference time, etc., by the bidirectional processing of the conditional and action parts of the rules, so that appropriate inference results are obtained.In the proposed method, the time‐series motion patterns are converted into state transition patterns, and by using an associative inference system with the aforementionedcharacteristics, it is possible to perform robust recognition. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through on‐line experimental results for the motion of nonspecific individuals.
Fast and accurate image generation with adaptive tables
Authors: Tanaka Toshimitsu , Takahashi Tokiichiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors previously proposed the reflection integration method which generates a realistic image of objects, and the precise rendering method which accurately eliminates aliasing of images. The two methods have a common process which precisely integrates reflected lights over a unit sphere. Since this process involves a large amount of computation, accelerating the process is desired.The present paper proposes a procedure which significantly reduces the computation without sacrificing its accuracy by using an adaptive sampling table. For a part on an object where a light is sharply reflected, the reflected light sharply reduces depending on directions. The proposed procedure uses the table which nonlinearly subdivides reflection direction; precisely where a reflected light changes sharply and roughly at rest. As a result, a full‐color image can be generated with a sufficient accuracy with 90 × 90 divisions in the table. This adaptive table reduces the computation time for the integration of reflection lights on a semisphere to one‐tenth the previous method, which is equivalent to the reduction of a total image generation time by 40 to 60 percent.
Analysis, generation and semantic representation in CONTRAST—a context‐based machine translation system
Authors: Isahara Hitoshi , Uchida Yuriko 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes both a Japanese language analysis system and an English language generation system. The knowledge utilized by these systems has been incorporated into a context‐based machine translation system (CONTRAST) developed by the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL). The Japanese language analysis component of the CONTRAST system consists of individual modules to analyze syntax, semantics and context. The syntactic analysis module is a completely parallel parsing system based on Earley's algorithm. The semantic analysis module conducts analysis based on case relations. The contextual analysis module creates an intermediate representation that correspond to original text. It does this by placing events included in the semantic analysis results for each individual sentence within a framework that is read out from the general knowledge described as a process model in the concept dictionary. The English text generation system of CONTRAST begins with this intermediate representation. Then, referring to the concept dictionary (common with the analysis module), it creates English text according to generation rules created from the real life text data dependent knowledge relating to English newspaper articles. The format of the concept dictionary, which consists of descriptions of general knowledge, and the format of the intermediate representation, which is a description of the contextual information contained in each body of text, are the same. The outline of the conceptual system employed and studies on the process of creating this system are also discussed.
Spatio‐temporal anti‐aliasing by the pixel‐tracing method
Authors: Shinya Mikio 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAnti‐aliasing is generally an expensive process because either super‐sampling or sophisticated rendering is required. This paper presents a new type of antialiasing filter, pixel tracing filter, for animation sequences, which does not require an additional sample or additional calculation in the rendering phase. The filter calculates the correlation among the images using animation information, and sub‐pixel information is extracted from the sequence based on the correlation. Theoretical studies prove that the filter becomes an ideal anti‐aliasing filter in the limit that the filter size is infinite. The algorithm is simple image processing implemented as post‐filtering. The computational cost is independent of the complexity of the scene. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the scene. Experiments demonstrate the efficiency of the filter. Almost complete anti‐aliasing was achieved at the rate of approximately 30 s per frame for very complex scenes at the resolution of 256 × 256 pixels. The pixel‐tracing filter provides effective anti‐aliasing for animation sequences at a very modest computational cost.
Handling of user interruption to achieve timing‐free utterances for spoken dialogue interface
Authors: Kikuchi Hideaki , Kudo Ikuo , Kobayashi Tetsunori , Shirai Katsuhiki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the spoken dialogue interface, which is the basic system for the multimodal interface by speech, and discusses the handling of the interruption that ensures the user the timing‐free utterances. In the interruption by the user, if the utterance by the system is designed with the sentence as the unit, as in the conventional system, there will be produced a difference between the designed content of the utterance and the actually uttered content or the content received by the user. From such a viewpoint, the following method is proposed.The unit for the utterance planning is defined as the information to be transmitted by a sentence, and which information is received is always monitored through the management of the turn‐taking between the speakers of the dialogue. As a result of experiment, the handling of smooth interruption is recognized in more than half the subjects. Using the proposed method, the difference between the utterance planned by the system and the utterance received by the user is reduced. It is verified also that the interface is made more convenient by the handling of the interruption. The time required for the user to complete the task is reduced by 7 percent, and the number of positive topic proposals is increased by 21 percent.
Segmentation of gray‐scale images using piecewise linear approximation
Authors: Yamasaki Issei , Ohshima Tohru , Hasegawa Makoto , Furukawa Takao 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper deals with clock truncation coding for gray‐scale images. An image region is segmented into unequal‐sized square blocks according to local luminance variations and luminance values in the block are approximated by triangular plane patches constructed from the luminance values at the four vertices of the block. Computational complexities of the unequal‐sized block segmentations are discussed. Segmentations are classified into three types: top‐down splitting; bottom‐up merging; and generalized split‐and‐merge method. It is derived from the theoretical model that initial block size in the split‐and‐merge method for a given image of size 256 × 256 is 17 × 17. Segmentation by accumulated square error is preferred to human visual sensitivity. Experimental results using a standard image have clarified that the segmentation by the accumulated square error improves the quality of approximated image to 1 to 2 dB compared with segmentation by the mean square error. Moreover, it is confirmed that the approximation by triangular plane patches is superior to JPEG for the compression of the images that have much flat areas.
Adaptive routing technique on hypercrossbar network and its evaluation
Authors: Boku Taisuke , Nakazawa Kisaburo , Nakamura Hiroshi , Sone Takeshi , Mishima Takeshi , Itakura Ken'Ichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper studies the hypercrossbar network which has high flexibility and extensibility as a massively parallel computer network. Its performance is evaluated in nonroutine processing by computer simulation and theoretical analysis. To improve its performance, an implementation method of adaptive routing based on dynamic path determination is proposed, and its performance is evaluated by computer simulation. It is verified that the hypercrossbar network with adaptive routing has about 45 percent of the peak throughput at random transfer. Furthermore, its effectiveness is extremely high for applications with hot‐spot. It can attain about 8 times throughput compared with fixed routing.
A disattenuated correlation estimate when variables are measured with error: Illustration estimating cross‐platform correlations
Authors: Archer K. J. , Dumur C. I. , Taylor G. S. , Chaplin M. D. , Guiseppi‐Elie A. , Buck G. A. , Grant G. , Ferreira‐Gonzalez A. , Garrett C. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPrevious cross‐platform reproducibility studies have compared consistency of intensities as well as consistency of fold changes across different platforms using Pearson's correlation coefficient. In this study, we propose the use of measurement error models for estimating gene‐specific correlations. Additionally, gene‐specific reliability estimates are shown to be useful in prioritizing clones for sequence verification rather than selecting clones using a simple random sample. The proposed ‘disattenuated’ correlation may prove useful in a wide variety of studies when both X and Y are measured with error, such as in confirmation studies of microarray gene expression values, wherein more reliable laboratory assays such as real‐time polymerase chain reaction are used. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
SPS – ein neues Verfahren zur Instandsetzung und Ertüchtigung von stählernen orthotropen Fahrbahnplatten
Authors: Minten Joachim , Sedlacek Gerhard , Paschen Michael , Feldmann Markus , Geßler Achim 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDieser Beitrag beschreibt die Planung und wissenschaftliche Unterstützung der Erstanwendung der SPS‐Auflegetechnik zur Ertüchtigung bestehender Stahlfahrbahnen von Straßenbrücken für die zukünftige Verstärkung des Verkehrs, um mögliche Ermüdungsschäden im Deckblechbereich und Schäden des Fahrbahnbelages abzuwenden.Es wird die schrittweise Herangehensweise, nämlich Auswertung der positiven Erfahrungen mit der Anwendung dieser Bauweise im Schiffbau, Voranwendungen bei der kleinen und großen Fahrbahnplatte des zerlegbaren Brückensystems D‐Brücke, die Anwendung bei der Ertüchtigung der Stahlfahrbahn einer alten U‐Bahn‐Brücke in Berlin und schließlich die Pilotanwendung bei der Schönwasserparkbrücke in der BAB A 57 bei Krefeld dargestellt.Bei dieser Pilotanwendung ging es besonders darum,–·die Anwendung unter Baustellenbedingungen–·eine schnelle Durchführung zur Reduzierung von Verkehrsstörungen–·die Anwendbarkeit in Verbindung mit dem Gussasphalteinbau mit Einbautemperaturen von 225 °C ohne Schädigung des Elastomerkernsnachzuweisen.Der Beitrag geht auf die Untersuchungen für die Erteilung der Zustimmung im Einzelfall und die damit bewirkte Weiterentwicklung der SPS‐Technologie ein und zeigt, dass diese für die Ertüchtigung hervorragend geeignet ist.
Orthotrope Fahrbahnplatte – Entwicklungen und Möglichkeiten für die Zukunft
Authors: Wolchuk Roman 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBrücken mit orthotropen Fahrbahnplatten sind in den 1950er Jahren zum ersten Mal in Deutschland gebaut und danach in vielen anderen Ländern eingeführt worden. Derzeit gibt es weltweit mehrere tausend Brücken mit orthotropen Platten. Die Dauerhaftigkeit dieser Brücken erwies sich als gut – mit Ausnahme einiger Plattenausbildungen, die in den 1960er und 1970er Jahren ausgeführt wurden, bei denen Ermüdungsprobleme infolge ungeeigneter Detailgestaltung und Fertigungsmängel aufgetreten sind. Der vorliegende Beitrag geht auf derartige Schäden ein.Weiterhin wird auf die Entwicklung von Berechnungsmethoden eingegangen. Für den Entwurf werden einfache Modelle wie das vonPelikan‐Esslingerbenutzt. Der klassische Ermüdungsnachweis nachWöhlerist nur beschränkt gültig. Daher beruhen die derzeitigen Bemessungsvorschriften für orthotrope Platten mehr auf konstruktiven Empfehlungen aufgrund bewährter Bauarten.Wegen ihres geringen Gewichts, ihrer Dauerhaftigkeit und ihrer Reserven für Lasterhöhungen versprechen orthotrope Fahrbahnplatten auch in Zukunft gute Einsatzmöglichkeiten, z. B. bei Brücken großer Spannweiten. Da sie leicht in bestehende Brücken mittragend integriert werden können, sind sie auch bestens geeignet, Betonfahrbahnplatten zu ersetzen. In den USA werden zur Zeit 40% der Straßenbrücken als “baulich ungenügend” und “funktionell nicht mehr ausreichend” eingestuft, wobei 2/3 der Beurteilung “ungenügend” auf Schäden der Betonfahrbahnplatten zurückzuführen sind. Mehrere größere Brücken erhielten in letzter Zeit neue Fahrbahnen in Form orthotroper Platten. Auf die Lösung der damit verbundenen Probleme wird eingegangen.
Volatile compounds of oxidized pork phospholipids
Authors: Meynier Anne , Genot Claude , Gandemer Gilles 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVolatile compounds from oxidized pork muscle phospholipids (PL) were analyzed by a purge‐and‐trap method. Total volatile compounds were highly correlated with thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances, mainly as a consequence of alkanals. Major compounds of the 32 identified substances were alkanals (6023 ng nonane equivalents/mg PL), followed by 2‐alkenals (514 ng nonane eq/mg PL) and 2,4‐alkadienals (368 ng nonane eq/mg PL). Hexanal (4850 ng nonane eq/mg PL) was the major compound from the oxidation of n‐6 fatty acids (mainly linoleic and arachidonic acid). Volatile compounds from the oxidation of n‐3 fatty acids were only minor and included 2,4‐heptadienal (45 ng nonane eq/mg PL) and 2‐pentenal and 2‐hexenal (49 ng nonane eq/mg PL). Finally, nonanal, a degradation compound from oleic acid, was present at a low level (200 ng nonane eq/mg PL) and remained constant during oxidation, which confirmed that monounsaturated fatty acids were stable toward metal‐catalyzed oxidation. With the exception of ester compounds, identified volatiles were qualitatively similar to those obtained in simpler systems, such as fatty acids or vegetable oils. Quantitatively, the volatile compound composition reflected the fatty acid composition of PL.
Heat‐induced gelation of rapeseed proteins: Effect of protein interaction and acetylation
Authors: Schwenke Klaus Dieter , Dahme Andreas , Wolter Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe gel‐forming abilities of a rapeseed protein isolate, composed of 70% globulin (cruciferin) and 30% albumin (napin), and their individual protein components, were investigated. The influence of acetylation upon the gelation properties was also studied. Highest gel strength (measured as shear modulus) of the isolate was obtained at pH values around 9, which is between the isoelectric points of both major proteins. Purified cruciferin gave the highest shear modulus values, with maxima at pH 6 and 8. Weak and poorly stable gels exhibiting strong hysteresis were obtained with isolated napin. Acetylation resulted in a pH shift of the shear modulus maximum of the protein isolate to about 6. The gelation temperature of the acetylated isolate had the highest pH and concentration dependence compared with the other proteins.
An ethnic dating of Beowulf
Authors: Davis Craig R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn interest in Danish legend first appears at the West Saxon court in the 890s when King Alfred traced his father's lineage to Scyld. Alfred traced his mother's ancestry through the Jutish kings of Wight to Goths and Geats, suggesting a motive for the particular view of the ethnic past we find in Beowulf, especially the friendship the poet constructs between a Geatish ætheling and a Danish monarch. A modification of Michael Lapidge's paleographical dating of the archetype of Beowulf (2000) indicates a West Saxon exemplar before c. 900, confirming the mature king's court as a plausible context for Beowulf's composition.