bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rainfall thresholds for shallow landsliding derived from pressure‐head monitoring: cases with permeable and impermeable bedrocks in Boso Peninsula, Japan
Authors: Matsushi Yuki , Matsukura Yukinori 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRainfall thresholds for shallow landslide initiation were determined for hillslopes with two types of bedrock, permeable sandstone and impermeable mudstone, in the Boso Peninsula, Japan. The pressure‐head response to rainfall was monitored above a slip scarp due to earlier landslides. Multiple regression analysis estimated the rainfall thresholds for landsliding from the relation between the magnitude of the rainfall event and slope instability caused by the increased pressure heads. The thresholds were expressed as critical combinations of rainfall intensity and duration, incorporating the geotechnical properties of the hillslope materials and also the slope hydrological processes. The permeable sandstone hillslope has a greater critical rainfall and hence a longer recurrence interval than the impermeable mudstone hillslope. This implies a lower potential for landsliding in sandstone hillslopes, corresponding to lower landslide activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water table fluctuations under three riparian land covers, Iowa (USA)
Authors: Schilling Keith E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWater table depth is known to play an important role in nitrogen cycling in riparian zones, but little detailed monitoring of water table fluctuations has been reported. In this study, results of high‐resolution water table monitoring under three common riparian land covers (forest, cool season grass, corn) were analysed to gain a better understanding of the relation of vegetation cover to water table depth. Three riparian wells located at the Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge in Jasper County, Iowa, were instrumented with data loggers to record hourly water table behaviour from July to December 2004. Water table depth under the forest showed a diurnal pattern of rising and falling water levels, whereas the grass and corn exhibited a stepped pattern of greater drawdown during the day and less drainage at night. Clear daytime and night‐time water table signals were related to daily plant water demands and lateral groundwater flow. Using two estimates of specific yield, hourly and daily ET rates were estimated to be higher under the forest cover than the grass and corn, with peak ET rates in July ranging from 5·02 to 6·32 mm day−1 for forest and from 1·81 to 4·13 mm day−1 for corn and grass. Following plant senescence in October, water table declines were associated with lateral flow to Walnut Creek. The results from this study suggest that consideration should be given to monitoring water table behaviour more frequently to capture daily and seasonal patterns related to riparian vegetation type. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatio‐temporal analysis of groundwater recharge and mound dynamics in an unconfined aquifer: a GIS‐based approach
Authors: Vijay Ritesh , Panchbhai Nikhil , Gupta Apurba 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGroundwater recharge and mounding of water‐table is a complex phenomenon involving time‐ and space‐dependent hydrologic processes. The effect of long‐term groundwater mounding in the aquifer depends on soil, aquifer geometry and the area contributing to recharge. In this paper, a GIS‐based spatio‐temporal algorithm has been developed for the groundwater mound dynamics to estimate the potential rise in the water‐table and groundwater volume balance residual in an unconfined aquifer. The recharge and mound dynamics as predicted using the methodology recommended here were compared with those using the Hantush equation, and the differences were quite significant. The significance of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the basin in terms of its hydrologic and hydraulic properties for sustainable management of groundwater recharge. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Artificial neural network exploration of the influential factors in drainage network derivation
Authors: Strobl R. O. , Forte F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe interaction between landscape and stream processes has been well documented, and thus it is plausible to assume that landscape factors in a given watershed have a determinant function in stream network initiation and formation. Although past research has identified certain general relationships between stream drainage density and other environmental factors, no definite model for stream delineation has yet emerged. Particularly at smaller scales, drainage network extraction approaches have been devised that are generally independent of often widely heterogeneous landscape conditions. Utilizing digital terrain models alone for this purpose is, in many cases, problematic and inaccurate. This research effort involved using an artificial neural network (ANN) for the exploration of a number of environmental factors and information extracted from satellite images (Landsat 7 ETM+) with regard to finding the most indicative factors for drainage network location. The environmental variables included a series of available topographic, soil and lithology factors. Two hydrologically and geographically diverse case studies, one in Pennsylvania and the other in southern Italy, were used to this end. The results show that various spectral band ratios (1/4, 2/4 and 3/4) were mutually identified as significant in both case studies. Additionally, both case studies illustrated that different factors belonging to general parameter groups (soil and topography parameters) were identified by the ANN for each case, suggesting that future drainage network derivation methodologies should possibly consider that certain groups of environmental factors are more important for certain geographic regions than for others. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cytotoxicity of chloroquine in isolated rat hepatocytes
Authors: Jamshidzadeh Akram , Niknahad Hossein , Kashafi Hamed 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChloroquine is a synthetic quinoline being used as an antimalaria and antirheumatoid agent. Several cases of hepatotoxicity have been reported with the use of chloroquine. However, the mechanism(s) of its hepatotoxic effect is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic mechanism of chloroquine.Cytotoxicity was studied using freshly isolated rat hepatocytes incubated in Krebs‐Henseleit buffer under a flow of 95% O2 and 5% CO2.Chloroquine was toxic towards hepatocytes and caused cell death with an ED50 of about 100 mm in 2 h. The events before cell death were rapid GSH depletion and lipid peroxidation. Cytochrome P‐450 inhibitors, troleandromycine, cimetidine and quinidine increased the cytotoxicity of chloroquine. Antioxidants significantly prevented the cytotoxicity of chloroquine. Depleting the hepatocyte GSH beforehand increased the chloroquine cytotoxicity. Preventing chloroquine metabolism by specific P‐450 inhibitors increased its toxicity, suggesting that a major part of its toxicity is mediated by chloroquine and not by its metabolites. A depletion of the antioxidant defense system is involved in the mechanism of cytotoxicity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Histological microstructure of the claws of the African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (Anura: Pipidae): implications for the evolution of claws in tetrapods
Authors: Maddin Hillary C. , Musat‐Marcu Sorin , Reisz Robert R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractClaws are consistent components of amniote anatomy and may thus be implicated in the success of the amniote invasion of land. However, the evolutionary origin of these structures in tetrapods is unclear. Claws are present in certain extant non‐amniotes, such as Xenopus laevis, the African clawed frog. The histology of the soft tissue component of the claws of X. laevis is described and compared with the amniote condition in order to gain new information on the question of homology of claws in these two groups based on patterns of keratinization.The X. laevis claw sheath is composed of a localized thickening of the corneous region of the epidermis that envelops the terminal phalanx. Noted differences between the non‐cornified layers of the epidermis of the claw and non‐claw region are the overall grainier appearance of the cells and an increased abundance of desmosomes in the intermediate spinosus cells. The biochemical identity of the sheath keratin(s) is inferred to be different from that of non‐claw region epidermis, based on histological differences and differences in stain affinity between the two regions. The microstructure of the frog claw differs from that of amniotes in several respects, including the lack of a specified zone of growth near the base of the claw. Amphibians and amniotes, therefore, have very different patterns of claw sheath growth. Observations do not support homology of claws on a structural level in these two groups; however, further experimental work may confirm a conserved pattern of cornification in these structures in tetrapods. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:259–268, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The upper bound of the number of cycles in a 2‐factor of a line graph
Authors: Fujisawa Jun , Xiong Liming , Yoshimoto Kiyoshi , Zhang Shenggui 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLet G be a simple graph with order n and minimum degree at least two. In this paper, we prove that if every odd branch‐bond in G has an edge‐branch, then its line graph has a 2‐factor with at most ${{3n - 2}\over {8}}$ components. For a simple graph with minimum degree at least three also, the same conclusion holds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 72–82, 2007
β‐dystrobrevin, a kinesin‐binding receptor, interacts with the extracellular matrix components pancortins
Authors: Veroni Caterina , Grasso Margherita , Macchia Gianfranco , Ramoni Carlo , Ceccarini Marina , Petrucci Tamara C. , Macioce Pompeo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe dystrobrevins (α and β) are components of the dystrophin‐associated protein complex (DPC), which links the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix and serves as a scaffold for signaling proteins. The precise functions of the β‐dystrobrevin isoform, which is expressed in nonmuscle tissues, have not yet been determined. To gain further insights into the role of β‐dystrobrevin in brain, we performed a yeast two‐hybrid screen and identified pancortin‐2 as a novel β‐dystrobrevin‐binding partner. Pancortins‐1–4 are neuron‐specific olfactomedin‐related glycoproteins, highly expressed during brain development and widely distributed in the mature cerebral cortex of the mouse. Pancortins are important constituents of the extracellular matrix and are thought to play an essential role in neuronal differentiation. We characterized the interaction between pancortin‐2 and β‐dystrobrevin by in vitro and in vivo association assays and mapped the binding site of pancortin‐2 on β‐dystrobrevin to amino acids 202–236 of the β‐dystrobrevin molecule. We also found that the domain of interaction for β‐dystrobrevin is contained in the B part of pancortin‐2, a central region that is common to all four pancortins. Our results indicate that β‐dystrobrevin could interact with all members of the pancortin family, implying that β‐dystrobrevin may be involved in brain development. We suggest that dystrobrevin, a motor protein receptor that binds kinesin heavy chain, might play a role in intracellular transport of pancortin to specific sites in the cell. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Femoral cementing technique for hip resurfacing arthroplasty
Authors: Bitsch Rudi G. , Heisel Christian , Silva Mauricio , Schmalzried Thomas P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe resurgence of metal–metal bearings has renewed interest in hip resurfacing, but a paucity of information exists regarding femoral cementing technique. We developed a laboratory model in which 72 open‐cell foam specimens were used to simulate bone. Analyses of two cement viscosities, two foam porosities, and six cementing techniques were performed: manual cement application only, manual application and filling of one quarter of the component with cement, filling of half of the component, manual application and half component filling, full component filling, and manual application and full component filling. For manual application, cement was pressurized into the foam by rolling the finger tips. For component filling, a defined quantity of cement was poured into the component before pressing it onto the foam. Specimens were cut into quarters, and cement penetration was quantified in seven areas: top, chamfer, wall, interior area, and proximal, medial, and distal stem. The manual technique showed a 3‐mm thick, even cement penetration of the outer fixation surface (top = 26 ± 0 mm2, chamfer = 14.9 ± 0.2 mm2, wall = 55.6 ± 5.2 mm2). None of the other techniques showed a significantly higher penetration in these areas. Large differences were found between all techniques at the medial stem (27.7 ± 17.5 mm2, p < 0.001) and the interior area (128.5 ± 69.6 mm2, p = 0.013). An increasing degree of penetration occurred from manual cement application to manual application and full component filling. Sixteen specimens showed incomplete seating, which occurred with all techniques except the manual technique. The manual technique consistently gave an approximately 3‐mm thick even cement penetration over the outer fixation area. Pouring any cement into the shell resulted in variable degrees of deeper penetration and a risk of incomplete seating, which have been associated with bone necrosis and early fracture. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:423–431, 2007
The surgical procedure and clinical results of subtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) in comparison with pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD)
Authors: Hayashibe Akira , Kameyama Masao , Shinbo Masaya , Makimoto Shinichiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundSubtotal stomach preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (SSPPD) is compared retrospectively with pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (PPPD).MethodsDuring 2002–2005, 21 patients (13 female, 8 male) underwent SSPPD. The mean age was 64.3 (range 33–80). PPPD was performed for 12 patients after 1999. Days of hospital stay, operation time, operative blood loss, postoperative morbidity and mortality, days of nasogastric intubation, days until liquid diet, delayed gastric emptying, postoperative change of serum Albumin value, were compared between SSPPD and PPPD. Clinical characteristics (age, gender, benign, or malignant condition, presence of preoperative jaundice, preoperative value of serum Albumin) were analyzed in both procedures.ResultsIn comparison of clinical characteristics, all factors were similar between PPPD and SSPPD. There were also quite similar results in days of hospital stay, operation time, operative blood loss, postoperative morbidity and mortality. Days of nasogastric intubation, days until liquid diet in PPPD were significantly longer than those in SSPPD and the incidence of delayed gastric emptying in PPPD was significantly higher than that in SSPPD. Finally, PPPD and SSPPD postoperative change of serum Albumin value were statistically similar.ConclusionsWe consider SSPPD as one of the most favorable procedures in patients who undergo pancreaticoduodenectomy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:106–109. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
α‐catenin is a significant prognostic factor than E‐cadherin in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Setoyama Tetsuro , Natsugoe Shoji , Okumura Hiroshi , Matsumoto Masataka , Uchikado Yasuto , Yokomakura Naoya , Ishigami Sumiya , Aikou Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe purpose of the present study was to analyze clinicopathologic variables in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) according to expression of E‐cadherin and α‐catenin which play an important role in cell adhesion.MethodsWe immunohistochemically examined E‐cadherin and α‐catenin in 205 patients with ESCC. The expression results were classified into two groups: preserved expression (+) and reduced expression (−).ResultsThe incidence of E‐cadherin (−) and α‐catenin (−) was 52% and 54%, respectively and significantly related each other. For both E‐cadherin and α‐catenin, reduced expression was significantly related to tumor depth, nodal metastasis, stage, recurrence, and prognosis. In the E‐cadherin (+) group, the α‐catenin (+) and α‐catenin (−) patients differed significantly in tumor depth, nodal metastasis, stage, hematogenous and lymphatic recurrences (P < 0.001, <0.001, <0.001, <0.001 and =0.007, respectively). According to coexpression of E‐cadherin and α‐catenin, the prognosis was best in patients with E‐cadherin (+) and α‐catenin (+), and worst in patients with E‐cadherin (−) and α‐catenin (−). Multivariate analysis revealed that α‐catenin expression was an independent prognostic factor.ConclusionsThe examination of expression of E‐cadherin and especially α‐catenin is useful for predicting lymph node metastasis and clinical outcome of ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2007;95:148–155. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of a quality evaluation method for Fructus schisandrae by pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Wang Jiajing , Chen Yi , Lin Mei , Fan Guorong , Zhao Weiquan , Wu Yutian , Yan Chao , Wang Jianmin 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pressurized CEC (pCEC) method with postcolumn detection cell had been developed for quantifying the lignans from Fructus schisandrae extracts. The effects of different experimental conditions, such as the ACN content of the mobile phase, the concentration and pH of the buffer, the applied voltage, and the supplementary pressure were studied. Five lignans (schisandrin, gomisin A, schisantherin C, deoxyschizandrin, schisandrin B) were baseline separated using a mobile phase of ACN‐phosphate buffer (pH 5.4; 5 mM) (40 : 60 v/v) under –4 kV applied voltage. The method showed the satisfactory retention time and peak area repeatability. The calibration curves were linear in the range 50.0–1000.0 μg/mL for schisandrin, 20.0–500.0 μg/mL for gomisin A, 10.0–200.0 μg/mL for schisantherin C, 20.0–500.0 μg/mL for deoxyschizandrin, and 20.0–500.0 μg/mL for schisandrin B. The correlation coefficients were between 0.9978 and 0.9989. With this pCEC system, fingerprints of F. schisandrae were preliminarily established to distinguish two members S. chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. and S. sphenanthera Rehd. Et Wils. of F. schisandrae by characteristic peaks, and evaluate the quality of various sources of raw materials by determining the contents of the five lignans.
Präzisionsbohren mit kurzen und ultrakurzen Laserpulsen
Authors: Dausinger F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMit immer kürzeren Laserpulsen lassen sich immer präzisere Mikrostrukturen herstellen. Bei der Metallbearbeitung scheint jedoch eine Pulsdauer von etwa 10 ps eine Grenze zu sein, ab der eine weitere Verkürzung eher Nachteile mit sich bringt. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Der Scheibenlaser etabliert sich – Pluspunkte sind Effizienz und Zuverlässigkeit
Authors: Knoke Stefan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie Erfindung des Scheibenlasers liegt bereits mehr als zehn Jahre zurück. Inzwischen werden Produkte, die auf diesem – zunächst als ungewöhnlich betrachteten – Laserkonzept basieren, von mehreren deutschen Laserherstellern angeboten. Scheibenlaser sind dabei, sich für eine große Zahl verschiedener Anwendungen zu etablieren. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Guter Einstand
Authors: Kock Holger , Thoß Andreas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLiebe Leserin, lieber Leser,in Ihren Händen halten Sie die zweite Ausgabe des Laser Technik Journals. Das Experiment “Laserjournal” ist geglückt: Heft 1 wurde sofort vom Markt angenommen, wir haben über die Branchengrenzen hinweg ein positives Echo bekommen. Für uns eine Ermutigung, um im nächsten Jahr mit vier Heften richtig einzusteigen und noch aktueller und umfangreicher zu berichten. Entsprechend den wichtigen Ereignissen in der Branche werden die Hefte im April, im Juni, im September und im November erscheinen. Der Höhepunkt des Jahres wird ganz sicher die Laser 2005 in München. Dort werden wir mit einem eigenen Stand und einer englischsprachigen Ausgabe vertreten sein. Dieses Sonderheft wird dann auch außerhalb Deutschlands vertrieben – Kontakte nach Japan und den USA sind bereits geknüpft.Was gibt es Neues in diesem Heft? Sie haben es sicher schon bemerkt, wir haben unser Layout noch einmal überarbeitet. Im Heft selbst hat sich auch einiges getan: Neben unseren Rubriken, dem Interview und dem Schwerpunktthema gibt es jetzt eine Reihe “Grundlagen”. In dieser Reihe wollen wir Grundlagen der Lasertechnik für Neu‐ und Wiedereinsteiger leicht verständlich und passend zu unserem jeweiligen Schwerpunktthema vermitteln. Für die erste Folge zum Thema “Stahlprofilmessung” konnten wir ein erfahrenes Team um den Berliner Professor Jürgen Eichler gewinnen, der ja durch den Lehrbuchklassiker hinlänglich bekannt ist.Eine besondere Persönlichkeit möchten wir Ihnen in unserem Interview vorstellen. Mit Thomas Graf wurde für das IFSW in Stuttgart ein neuer Leiter gefunden. Wir haben ihn in Stuttgart besucht und mit ihm über seine Ideen und Ziele an der Spitze eines der wichtigsten deutschen Laserforschungsinstitute gesprochen.Unser Schwerpunktthema ist diesmal die Lasermesstechnik. Die Anforderungen der Industrie nach höherer Präzision in der Qualitätsüberwachung einerseits und die zunehmende Leistungsfähigkeit der Auswertetechnik andererseits haben in den letzten Jahren zu einer schnellen Entwicklung verschiedener Mess‐ und Prüftechnologien auf Laserbasis geführt. Sie sind ihrem Prinzip nach kontakt‐ und zerstörungsfrei und erlauben nicht nur höhere Präzision, sondern auch höhere Geschwindigkeiten bei der Prüfung großer Werkstücke oder hoher Stückzahlen.Zum Schluss wollen wir uns noch einmal bei allen Lesern bedanken, die uns mit Ihren Kommentaren zu unserem ersten Heft weitergeholfen haben und sich bereits im Voraus eine Ausgabe des neuen Heftes bestellt haben. Wir hoffen, dass wir Ihre Erwartungen auch im nächsten Jahr erfüllen können und wünschen Ihnen schon jetzt ein gesundes und erfolgreiches Jahr 2005.Viel Spaß beim Lesen wünscht Ihnen die Redaktion
Mehr Präzision und Sicherheit – Die Lasermesstechnik spielt in der Produktion eine immer wichtigere Rolle
Authors: Osten Wolfgang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn allen Phasen der Produktion – von der Entwicklung, über die Fertigung bis hin zum Service – werden qualitative und quantitative Aussagen über die Eigenschaften eines Erzeugnisses benötigt. Die Messtechnik spielt hier eine immer wichtigere Rolle. Sie ist in ein sich wandelndes Produktionsumfeld eingebettet, das durch folgende Merkmale gekennzeichnet ist: steigende Produkterneuerungsraten, zunehmende Automatisierung, höchste Qualitätsansprüche, neue Werkstoffe und Fertigungsstechniken sowie sinkende Reaktionszeiten auf festgestellte Qualitätsmängel.
Laser statt Schablone – Die Lasermesstechnik optimiert die Herstellung von Schienen
Authors: Muders Lothar 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeit über 25 Jahren hat die TSTG Schienen Technik GmbH Erfahrungen in der so genannten On‐Line‐Qualitätssicherung von Schienen – der Schienenvermessung in der Herstellungslinie. Schon Mitte der siebziger Jahre wurde weltweit einzigartig ein Prüfzentrum zur objektiven Ausgangskontrolle von Schienen im Produktionsfluss betrieben [1]. Seither wurden die Prüfanlagen modernisiert und ergänzt. Heutzutage sind diverse Prüfanlagen in die Produktionslinie eingebaut – darunter auch Lasermessanlagen, die durch Triangulation die Abmessungen mit einer Genauigkeit von bis zu 2 μm prüfen.