bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Examining the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire in Chronic Pain
Authors: Williams Renee M. , Hapidou Eleni G. , Lin Chia-Yu A. , Abbasi Hira 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: This study examined the relationships of a readiness to adopt a self-management approach to chronic pain, measured by the Pain Stages of Change Questionnaire (PSOCQ), with other pain-related scales in patients attending a chronic pain management program and determined if these measures changed from admission to discharge. The PSOCQ consists of four stages: Pre-contemplation, Contemplation, Action and Maintenance. Method: A convenience sample of 140 patients (mean age = 43.8 years; SD = 8.3 years) with chronic pain completed the PSOCQ, the Pain Disability Index (PDI), the Pain Intensity Scale (PIS), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale (MHLC) at admission and discharge. The MHLC consists of three subscales: Internal, Chance and Powerful Others. Results: At discharge, Pearson correlation coefficients demonstrated that Pre-contemplation was positively associated with the PDI, the PIS and the CES-D and negatively associated with Internal MHLC, whereas Action and Maintenance showed the opposite findings. There were significant improvements in all measures, except the MHLC, over the four-week program. Conclusions: These findings provide support for the use of the PSOCQ in assessing patients' readiness to adopt a self-management approach to pain and in monitoring their progress in rehabilitation.
Efficacy of Mobilization with Movement for Patients with Limited Dorsiflexion after Ankle Sprain: A Crossover Trial
Authors: Reid Andrea , Birmingham Trevor B. , Alcock Greg 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: Although a primary goal of many manual therapy techniques is to improve joint range of motion (ROM), efficacy studies evaluating the effect of treatment on ROM are limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a talocrural joint mobilization-with-movement (MWM) technique on dorsiflexion ROM in participants demonstrating decreased range following lateral ankle sprain. Method: Twenty-three participants who had sustained unilateral ankle sprains within the past two years and exhibited a restriction in weight-bearing dorsiflexion participated in the study. We used a crossover design with random assignment to either a sham mobilization or an MWM technique. One week later, participants returned and received the alternate technique. Dorsiflexion was assessed using a weight-bearing lunge test. Results: The change in dorsiflexion following the MWM technique (0.63 6 0.89 cm) was significantly greater (p 5 0.02) than the change following the sham technique (0.18 6 0.35 cm). Conclusions: These findings suggest that a talocurual MWM improves ankle dorsiflexion immediately following treatment. Future research evaluating the effectiveness of multiple treatments on functional outcomes is warranted.
Barriers to Rehabilitation in Primary Health Care in Ontario: Funding and Wait Times for Physical Therapy Services
Authors: Cott Cheryl A. , Devitt Rachel M.A. , Falter Laura-Beth , Soever Leslie J. , Passalent Laura A. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine barriers to accessing physical therapy (PT) services in Ontario primary health care with respect to funding sources and wait times. Methods: A stratified random sample of 1100 registered Ontario PTs and 3000 Ontario family physicians were surveyed by mail in 2004. Relationships were examined between PT wait times, funding source, geographical region and caseload composition. Results: Physicians identified the cost of private rehabilitation and long wait times as the most common barriers to referring patients to rehabilitation. Wait times for PT were longer in publicly funded settings than in privately funded practice settings (p, 0.001) and in the North (p, 0.001) and East (p 5 0.010) regions of Ontario compared with the most urban region of Ontario. Patients with chronic musculoskeletal conditions, cardiopulmonary conditions and general debility were at least three times more likely to receive PT services at publicly funded than privately funded practice settings. Furthermore, patients with acute musculoskeletal conditions were less likely to receive PT services in publicly funded practice settings (odds ratio 5 0.11, 95% confidence interval 5 0.05-0.23). Conclusions: Current Ontario health-care structures may affect access to PT services for vulnerable populations such as those with chronic conditions, those lacking private health insurance and those living in less urban regions of Ontario.
Communicating with Your Clients: Are You as “Culturally Sensitive” as You Think?
Authors: Capell Jen 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: As immigration and globalization diversify our populations, physiotherapists and other health care professionals are increasingly exposed to cultural diversity in their client or patient caseloads. Despite a strong desire to effectively care for these clients, most physiotherapists have little instruction regarding theoretical and practical factors that influence intercultural communication. This article provides a clinically relevant introduction to the theoretical background and pertinent factors critical to successful communication with culturally dissimilar clients. Summary of Key Points: Hofstede and Hall, seminal researchers on cultural interactions and intercultural communication, provided cultural models that enable clinicians to make insightful observations regarding cultural behaviour without having an in-depth understanding of specific cultures. In addition to introducing these cultural theories, this article describes salient factors that influence the quality of intercultural communication. These factors include communication filters and predictors and transmission of health information to clients, either face to face, through an interpreter, or through media such as the Internet. Finally, the influence of clientcentred care on interactions with clients from certain minority groups is discussed. Conclusions: Practical knowledge and understanding of cultural variations that produce communication differences are essential for effective communication with clients. This increased awareness may improve health care outcomes for minority populations.
The Canadian Thoracic Society Recommendations for Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Implications for Physiotherapists
Authors: Reid W. Darlene , Kelm Cheryle , Hopkins-Rosseel Diana , Brooks Dina 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: The purposes of this article are (1) to list key messages from the 2003 chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) guidelines of the Canadian Thoracic Society (CTS) and associated implications and responsibilities for physiotherapists and (2) to compare these guidelines with other published reports or statements describing pulmonary rehabilitation. Summary of Key Points: The main responsibilities that physiotherapists should assume to optimize prevention of COPD and management of persons with COPD are to (1) recommend and support smoking cessation for all patients who are smokers; (2) prescribe exercise programmes for patients with COPD; (3) ensure that people with COPD resume activity after an acute exacerbation; (4) refer patients to physicians for appropriate evaluation and care if not yet diagnosed with COPD or if the management of the patient's symptoms is not optimal or consistent with the COPD guidelines developed by the CTS; (5) facilitate adherence to pharmacotherapy; (6) participate actively in ongoing evaluation and education about all aspects of care for patients with COPD and their caregivers; and (7) support patients with COPD and their caregivers with end-of-life issues. Conclusions: Physiotherapists, as direct access practitioners or members of a multidisciplinary team, should play a major role in the health care of persons with COPD, a serious health condition that affects 4% of adult Canadians.
Weighing the Evidence: Clinical Decision Making in Neurological Physical Therapy
Authors: McGlynn Mandy , Cott Cheryl A. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore (1) the processes that neurological physical therapists go through in making dayto-day clinical decisions and (2) the sources of information or evidence that therapists use in their day-to-day practice. Method: A qualitative, grounded theory method was used consisting of semistructured, face-to-face in-depth interviews with 12 neurological physical therapists practising in a variety of settings in the Greater Toronto Area. Data were analyzed using a constant comparative approach. Results: Therapists weigh a variety of informal and formal sources of evidence as they go about their day-to-day practice. Our results fall into three main categories: (1) sources of evidence weighed, (2) when and why therapists weigh the evidence, and (3) factors that influence the process of weighing the evidence. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that implementing evidence-based practice will be a challenge to the physical therapy profession unless we broaden our definition of evidence to include informal sources of evidence that are highly valued by clinicians.
Role of Canadian Physical Therapists in Global Health Initiatives: SWOT Analysis
Authors: Alappat Chris , Siu Gary , Penfold Aaron , McGovern Brendan , McFarland Jennifer , Raman Sudha , Landry Michel D. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore the roles of Canadian physical therapists (PTs) in global health initiatives (GHIs). Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with participants both internal (n = 12) and external (n = 13) to the physical therapy profession. A SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) framework was then used to categorize data and examine the roles of Canadian PTs in this emerging area of practice. Results: Informants reported that the strengths of Canadian PTs include educational background and training, professional adaptability, and communication and teaching skills. Weaknesses include a lack of field experience and unrealistic expectations. Opportunities where PTs could expand their role included education and curriculum development, direct service, and advocacy for clients and the physical therapy profession. Threats that may limit these opportunities included limited resources within local health systems and cultural and language barriers. Conclusions: The application of a SWOT framework contrasts strengths and opportunities in relation to the weaknesses and threats. Our research signals the potential for Canadian PTs to increase their role in GHIs. To achieve this goal, we highlight the benefits of incorporating global health themes into entry-level physical therapy curricula and clinical internships.
Rehabilitation following Autologous Chondrocyte Implantation Surgery: Case Report Using an Accelerated Weight-Bearing Protocol
Authors: Allen Mary K. , Wellen Michelle A. , Hart David P. , Glasoe Ward M. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose: This case report describes the rehabilitation of a patient following autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) surgery using an accelerated weight-bearing protocol. Method: The patient was a 40-year-old female who had undergone previous right knee surgical procedures, including meniscectomy and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, 2 years prior to receiving right knee ACI for a grade IV, 12 × 10 mm osteochondral lesion. The morning after implantation, 6 to 8 hours of daily continuous passive motion was started (0–45°), 33/d progressing 15°/d as tolerated to120°. Physical therapy began 1 week postsurgery; weight bearing was initiated with a three-point touch-down gait using a locked brace set at 0°. The rehabilitation programme is described, as well as measures of range of motion, active extension lag, knee joint line girth, visual analogue scale pain ratings, and Activities of Daily Living Scale scores of the Knee Outcome Survey. Results: All functional goals defined by the protocol and pertinent to the patient were met over a 17-week period. At discharge, only continued graft precautions limited the patient's perception of knee function. The patient reported 100% knee function at follow-up (30 months after surgery). Conclusion: The accelerated weight-bearing protocol described in this report allowed this patient to safely progress through rehabilitation with a full return to an active life.
Temperature and precipitation climate at the equilibrium-line altitude of glaciers expressed by the degree-day factor for melting snow
Authors: Braithwaite Roger J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSeveral authors relate accumulation (or precipitation) at the glacier equilibrium-line altitude (ELA) to summer mean temperature using exponential or power-law functions. I analyze the accumulation–temperature relation at the ELA with a degree-day model using data from the 1992 paper by A. Ohmura and others. The dataset includes estimates at the ELA of winter balance and of ‘winter balance plus summer precipitation’ which represent respectively low and high estimates of annual accumulation, which is seldom measured. The Ohmura dataset only lists summer mean temperature, but I recover monthly temperatures for the whole year for 66 of the glaciers by assuming sinusoidal temperature variation through the year and using annual temperature range from a gridded climatology. Monthly degree-day sums are then estimated from monthly mean temperature and summed to give annual totals so degree-day factors for melting snow at the ELA are obtained. The degree-day factors fall close to those reported in the literature for glacier snowmelt, with averages of 3.5 ± 1.4 and 4.6 ± 1.4 mm d−1 K−1 for low- and high-accumulation estimates on the 66 glaciers. The degree-day model gives a family of accumulation–temperature curves that depend upon the annual temperature range, representing the contrast between maritime and continental climates.
Techniques for measuring high-resolution firn density profiles: case study from Kongsvegen, Svalbard
Authors: Hawley Robert L. , Brandt Ola , Morris Elizabeth M. , Kohler Jack , Shepherd Andrew P. , Wingham Duncan J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOn an 11 m firn/ice core from Kongsvegen, Svalbard, we have used dielectric profiling (DEP) to measure electrical properties, and digital photography to measure a core optical stratigraphy (COS) profile. We also used a neutron-scattering probe (NP) to measure a density profile in the borehole from which the core was extracted. The NP- and DEP-derived density profiles were similar, showing large-scale (>30 cm) variation in the gravimetric densities of each core section. Fine-scale features (<10 cm) are well characterized by the COS record and are seen at a slightly lower resolution in both the DEP and NP records, which show increasing smoothing. A combination of the density accuracy of NP and the spatial resolution of COS provides a useful method of evaluating the shallow-density profile of a glacier, improving paleoclimate interpretation, mass-balance measurement and interpretation of radar returns.
Recent high-resolution surface velocities and elevation change at a high-altitude, debris-covered glacier: Chacraraju, Peru
Authors: Hubbard Bryn , Clemmens Samuel 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSurface-elevation change and ice velocities have been measured over the debris-covered tongue of Chacraraju, Peru. Elevation change was measured by reflectorless survey at a 1 m horizontal resolution over three separate areas of the glacier between 2004 and 2005. Area-averaged change revealed general lowering, with two of the surveyed areas experiencing surface lowering of 0.58 and 0.77 m, and the third a rise of 0.07 m. Combining all three areas (43 216 m2) resulted in a mean net lowering of 0.43 m a−1, which is at the higher end of the range of long-term studies in the region. Velocity was measured over 7 days by the repeated optical survey of 12 prisms attached to stakes inserted directly into the glacier’s surface. Results indicate that velocity increases approximately with distance squared from the glacier’s terminus, from <10 mm d−1 near the terminus to approaching 100 mm d−1 at the base of the glacier’s icefall, located ∼1.7 km up-glacier. Velocity vectors also changed systematically along the glacier, from a consistent down-glacier orientation near the icefall to more variable orientations within ∼300 m of the terminus. No up-glacier motion component was measured.
Temperatures, heating rates and vapour pressures in near-surface snow at the South Pole
Authors: Town Michael S. , Waddington Edwin D. , Walden Von P. , Warren Stephen G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA finite-volume model is used to simulate 9 years (1995–2003) of snow temperatures at the South Pole. The upper boundary condition is skin-surface temperature derived from routine upwelling longwave radiation measurements, while the lower boundary condition is set to the seasonal temperature gradient at 6.5 m depth, taken from prior measurements at the South Pole. We focus on statistics of temperature, heat fluxes, heating rates and vapour pressures in the top metre of snow, but present results from the full depth of the model (6.5 m). The monthly mean net heat flux into the snow agrees with results from previous studies performed at the South Pole. On shorter timescales, the heating rates and vapour pressures show large variability. The net heat flux into the snow, which is between ±5 W m−2 in the monthly mean, can be greater than ±20 W m−2 on hourly timescales. On sub-daily timescales, heating rates exceed 40 K d−1 in the top 10 cm of the snow. Subsurface temperatures, and therefore heating rates, are more variable during winter (April–September) due to increased synoptic activity and the presence of a strong, surface-based, atmospheric temperature inversion. The largest vapour pressures (60–70 Pa) and vertical gradients of vapour pressure are found in the top metre of snow during the short summer (December–January). In contrast, during the long winter, the low temperatures result in very small vapour pressures and insignificant vapour-pressure gradients. The high summertime vapour-pressure gradients may be important in altering the isotopic composition of snow and ice on the Antarctic plateau.
Suzuki–Miyaura reactions in PEG–water solutions using Pd/BaSO4 as catalytic source
Authors: de Souza Andréa Luzia F. , Silva Aires da Conceição , Antunes O. A. C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSuzuki–Miyaura reactions between halobenzenes and other substituted (hetero)arenes and boronic acids were carried out in PEG–water solution using Pd/BaSO4 as catalytic source in a ligand‐free system. High to moderate yields were generally obtained. The catalytic system could be recycled up to six times, showing a slight decrease in activity after each cycle. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tensile strength and its variation of PAN‐based carbon fibers. III. Weak‐link analysis
Authors: Yao Jiangwei , Yu Weidong , Pan Ding 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBoth the strength and its variance of carbon fibers depend on the worst flaw that exists in the fiber, or more exactly speaking, on the structure of the “fiber weak link” (FWL). To better understand the strength–structure relationship, the fracture‐ends morphologies were examined by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The weak links of carbon fibers were divided into three groups according to its tensile strength, and the effect of the carbon FWLs on the strength variance was also discussed. The observation by SEM, the analysis on fiber tensile properties, and the corresponding discussion of the two sorts of results indicate that both surface flaw and the incompact structure decrease the strength of carbon fiber and enlarge the strength variance of carbon fiber. The modulus seems to influence the strength of carbon fibers too. It is also confirmed that not only the size of the fracture mirror but also the ratio of the size of the mirror to the fracture surface area (not cross section area) is important for judging the strength of brittle fibers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Dial‐a‐size: Precision quantum dot nanopatterning using cheap, off‐the‐shelf copolymers
Authors: McCarthy W. , Ciszek P. , Zeghbroeck B. Van , Borsa T. , Powers R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the use of block copolymers as templates for nanolithography, deposition, or etching, substantial time and cost savings can be achieved through the use of algebraic models for block copolymer feature size as a function of both the polymer's molecular weight and the relative concentration of a homopolymer additive. Desired average pore diameters and spacing can be achieved on the first try, using off‐the‐shelf polymers in a wide range of molecular weights. This allows precise nanoscopic components such as quantum dots to be patterned over large areas rapidly, repeatably, and at very low cost. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
A study in the uranyl ions uptake on acrylic acid and acrylamide copolymeric hydrogels
Authors: Chauhan Ghanshyam S. , Kumar Amit 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of copolymeric hydrogels comprising of acrylic acid and acrylamide and crosslinked with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) were prepared using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The hydrogels were functionalized further by partial hydrolysis and were characterized by SEM, FTIR, nitrogen analysis, and also by water uptake studies as a function of time, temperature, pH, NaCl, and concentration of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). These hydrogels were used as sorbents for the uranyl ions uptake in the presence of 5% NaCl, which was studied as function of time, temperature, pH, and ion strength. The uranyl uptake was found to be affected both by the structural aspects of the hydrogels as well as by the external environmental factors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Correlation between artificial and natural weathering tests on polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene‐block‐polystyrene block copolymer
Authors: Li Xiaogang , Gao Jin , Zhao Quanlin , Bao Jinping , Hu Xingjun , Wang Guangyong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe effects of artificial and natural weathering tests on the structure and mechanical properties of polystyrene‐block‐polybutadiene‐block‐polystyrene (SBS) block copolymer were studied by spectrophotometry, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, hardness measurements, and tensile testing. The correlation between artificial and natural weathering tests was also investigated. The results showed that the surface of SBS became yellow with increasing aging time. FTIR spectra confirmed the formation of carbonyl group in the aging process. The elongation at break, the tensile strength, and the tear strength decreased rapidly in the initial stage of the aging process and then leveled off, while the hardness increased with aging time. The correlation between artificial and natural weathering tests in Wanning and Hailaer, in China, could be expressed in terms of t1 = 2.50t01.99 and t2 = 1.92t02.56, respectively. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.