bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DNA‐and viral‐mediated gene transfer in follicular cells: Progress toward gene therapy of the thyroid
Authors: O'Malley Bert W. , Ledley Fred D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors investigate the in vitro component of an ex situ strategy for gene transfer into the thyroid gland using DNA complex and retroviral vectors. Canine follicular cells harvested by unilateral lobectomy and grown in low‐serum media proliferated in culture and retained their differentiated state as evidenced by morphology and thyroglobulin expression. Transient and “stable” gene transfer in thyroid cells were evaluated by comparing DNA and retroviral transduction techniques. Effective gene transfer and expression was demonstrated by histochemical staining for the marker gene product β‐galactosidase. The efficiency of transduction was assessed using an amphotropic retroviral vector carrying the neomycin resistance gene and semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) identification of integrated proviral sequences. This analysis demonstrated a proviral frequency in transduced cultures of 10% to 30%. Transduced cells showed no change in morphology or growth patterns and maintained differentiated function as assessed by antibody staining for thyroglobulin. The thyroid gland is an attractive target for somatic gene therapy because of its large protein‐synthetic capacity, sensitivity to hormonal regulation, and proportionately high blood flow. Follicular cell gene therapy may be useful not only for treating congenital or acquired diseases of the thyroid, but also disorders of circulating proteins such as hypopituitarism, hemophilia, and diabetes.
Meniere's syndrome: An atypical presentation of giant cell arteritis (temporal arteritis)
Authors: Mckennan Kevin X. , Nielsen Surl L. , Watson Craig , Wiesner Ken 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors discuss three patients with biopsyproven giant cell arteritis (GCA) who experienced significant auditory and vestibular symptoms. Two of the patients who presented with audiovestibular symptomatology died as a direct result of GCA affecting the vertebral arteries. Postmortem findings are reported.This report illustrates the importance of maintaining a high index of suspicion of GCA in elderly patients who present with the acute onset of audiovestibular symptoms. These symptoms can be a herald of brain stem infarction if giant cell arteritis is the underlying cause. High‐dose prednisone and rheumatologic/neurologic consultation is required.
Determining the site of airway collapse in obstructive sleep apnea with airway pressure monitoring
Authors: Katsantonis George P. , Moss Kenneth , Miyazaki Soichiro , Walsh James 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) underwent complete polysomnography and simultaneous upper airway pressure monitoring with a custom‐made, soft silicone‐covered catheter measuring 2.3 mm in diameter. The catheter had four solid‐state microtip pressure sensors positioned in the posterior nasopharynx, immediately caudal to the tip of the uvula, at the level of the hyoid bone, and in the midesophagus. The level(s) of airway collapse was determined by changes in the pressure patterns between transducers. In 14 of the 20 patients, airway collapse was confined or initiated at the oropharyngeal region. The obstruction extended to the base of tongue in 7 and to the entire collapsible upper airway in 2 patients. Four patients had collapse at the base of the tongue and 2 had collapse at the hypopharynx. The site of airway collapse remained fairly constant through various sleep stages and positions. Uvulo‐palatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and postoperative polysomnography were performed in 4 patients (2 with hypopharyngeal, 1 with base of tongue, and 1 with oropharyngeal airway collapse). Two patients had a favorable response to UPPP.
Outcome of sudden deafness with and without vertigo
Authors: Nakashima Tsutomu , Yanagita Noriyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe outcome of unilateral sudden deafness with and without vertigo was evaluated according to the severity of the initial hearing loss, the shape of the audiogram, and other variables. The subjects for this investigation were 1313 patients who had presented to the authors' university hospital from 1972 to 1990 within 2 weeks of the onset of hearing loss. Thirty percent of the patients had accompanying vertigo. Vertigo occurred frequently in patients with severe hearing loss in the high‐tone frequencies. Hearing recovery of high‐tone frequencies was worse in patients with vertigo than in those without vertigo even when the initial hearing loss was the same. It is hypothesized that these results can be explained by anatomical factors; the cochlear basal turn being more proximal to the vestibular apparatus than the upper turn.
Computer‐aided 3‐D reconstruction and measurement of the facial canal and facial nerve. I. cross‐sectional area and diameter: Preliminary report
Authors: Nakashima Shigeto , Sando Isamu , Takahashi Haruo , Fujita Shuji 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUsing a computer‐aided three‐dimensional (3‐D) reconstruction method, measurements were made at eight representative sites of diameters and the cross‐sectional area of the facial canal, facial nerve, and the space between the canal and nerve. Materials used were serial histology sections of seven normal human temporal bones obtained from individuals of different ages. Two areas of decreased cross‐sectional area of the facial canal were found: the proximal part of the labyrinthine portion and the middle part of the tympanic portion. These narrowings in the canal appeared to be correlated with decreased superior‐inferior diameter of the facial canal in those portions, espcially in adult temporal bones, and also with decreased cross‐sectional area, both of the nerve and of the space between the canal and the nerve, in these portions. The developmental etiology of these narrowings is speculated on, and their possible relationship to Bell's palsy is discussed.
Radiologic assessment of the early postoperative total‐laryngectomy patient
Authors: Moses Brett L. , Eisele David W. , Jones Bronwyn 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPharyngocutaneous fistula is a significant cause of postoperative morbidity following total laryngectomy. The records of 132 patients at the Johns Hopkins Hospital were reviewed retrospectively to determine the role of radiographic contrast studies in the early postoperative period after total laryngectomy. Radiographic studies were performed in 41 cases, of which 38 were cinepharyngoesophagograms.Fistulae occurred postoperatively in 28 patients (21%). In patients with no clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of an impending fistula (fever, wound erythema, wound swelling, or persistent elevated neck drain output), there is no need to perform a cinepharyngoesophagogram before starting oral alimentation. The presence of soft‐tissue air in the neck seen on preliminary scout spot films, suggestive of an impending fistula seen in patients who also underwent a neck dissection, did not correlate with a clinical fistula if no extravasation of contrast was observed.
Use of the platysma myocutaneous flap for cervical trachea reconstruction: An experimental study in dogs
Authors: De Mello‐Filho Francisco Verissimo , Mamede Rui Celso Martins , Sader Albert Amin , Llorach Velludo Maria A. S. , De Andrade Vicente Walter Villela 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCervical trachea reconstruction with a non‐stented platysma myocutaneous door flap (NPMCF) was studied in 23 dogs. Window defects involving 5, 10, or 15 rings and the whole anterior tracheal wall were produced in 3 different groups of animals. A segmentary defect involving the resection of 3 tracheal rings but preserving the posterior membranous wall was created in another group. The results were evaluated by clinical follow‐up of up to 100 days, by tracheoscopy 1 week after surgery, and by macroscopic and microscopic examination after the animals' natural death or sacrifice.The NPMCF proved to be adequate for the reconstruction of window defects limited to 5 and 10 rings, with success rates of 100% and 75%, respectively. The use of the NPMCF for tracheal reconstruction had the following main advantages: 1. relatively simple, easy, and expeditious surgery; 2. use of a single operative field; 3. availability of large amounts of donor tissue; 4. adequate thickness; 5. reliable irrigation; 6. resistance to environmental exposure as evidenced by absence of infection; and 7. 100% take rate with no granulomas or scar stenosis at the suture lines. However, luminal occlusion due to flap collapse was a 100% fatal complication when the NPMCP was used either for reconstruction of larger window tracheal defects (15 rings—group 3) or segmentary defects (group 4); this was the main limitation of the method, followed by hair growth with accumulation of secretions, which can be easily dealt with. It can be anticipated that this method has a potential for application in well‐selected patients.
Otitis media with effusion in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Weiss Michael H. , Liberatore Lisa A. , Kraus Dennis H. , Budnick Amy S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFifty‐two patients who had otitis media with effusion associated with head and neck malignancies were identified and studied retrospectively. Forty‐three of the patients underwent myringotomy and tube for treatment of the effusion. Ten (23%) of the 43 patients had either multiple infections or continuous otorrhea necessitating tube removal. The patients identified as having the highest rate of serious complications following myringotomy and tube were those individuals who had nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with 6 (55%) of 11 patients in this group having suffered major infections during the study. Myringotomy and tube is a satisfactory treatment for most patients who have effusions as a result of non‐malignant etiologies; however, infections were more common and more severe in the study group than those anticipated in noncancer patients. Expectant management and the use of amplification in selected cases may prove to be a viable alternative in patients with unilateral effusion and/or relatively mild symptoms.
Preliminary data on the effect of pharyngeal flaps on the upper airway in children with velopharyngeal inadequacy
Authors: Witsell David L. , Drake Amelia F. , Warren Donald W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeven patients who received pharyngeal flaps for velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) were studied to assess the effect of the procedure on nasal airway size. The findings suggest that the pharyngeal flap does not significantly decrease the upper airway in all patients. The effect of the flap did not correlate with the type of cleft, and was most pronounced in the inspiratory phase of the breathing cycle. Reasons for this variable effect, assumed to be related to an already impaired nasal airway in most cleft patients, are discussed.
The effect of unilateral chorda tympani damage on taste
Authors: Kveton John F. , Bartoshuk L. M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with localized damage to the taste system often experience no subjective change in real‐world taste experience. In an effort to understand this, eight patients who recently underwent acoustic neuroma removal were evaluated for taste loss. Localized taste testing showed that taste intensities decreased in the distribution of cranial nerve VII ipsilateral to tumor removal as expected, but asymmetries occurred for IX. Intensities were greater on the side contralateral to the tumor removal. In addition, palatal taste, also thought to be mediated by VII, was not totally abolished. It is concluded that cranial nerve IX is normally inhibited by cranial nerve VII in the taste network. When VII is damaged, this inhibition is abolished. This release of inhibition serves as a compensation mechanism that preserves normal taste experience.
Treatment of adductor laryngeal breathing dystonia with botulinum toxin type a
Authors: Grillone Gregory A. , Annino Donald J. , Blitzer Andrew , Brin Mitchell F. , Saint‐Hilaire Marie‐Helene 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAdductor laryngeal breathing dystonia (ALBD) is a rare disorder in which patients have persistent inspiratory stridor, usually normal voice, and cough. Physical exam is characterized by paradoxical movement of the vocal cords on inspiration. These patients have involuntary action‐induced spasms of the adductor laryngeal muscles on inspiration. There has been no uniformly satisfactory treatment for the disease. Speech therapy, psychotherapy, and pharmacotherapy have all had limited success.We report the successful use of botulinum toxin type A in seven patients with adductor laryngeal breathing dystonia. All patients received bilateral thyroarytenoid injections. All patients had toxin effect within 72 hours, reaching maximal effect within 2 weeks with sustained improvement for an average of 13.8 weeks. Adverse effects included breathy voice and mild choking on liquids. Both resolved, on average, within 2 weeks.This retrospective study supports the safe and effective use of botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of adductor laryngeal breathing dystonia.
The intramuscular innervation of the human interarytenoid muscle
Authors: Mu Liancai , Sanders Ira , Wu Bei‐Lian , Biller Hugh F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe nerve supply of the human interarytenoid (IA) muscle has been controversial for more than a century. In this study the contribution of the recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves to the IA was investigated in 10 adult human larynges. The larynges were obtained from autopsies and processed with the modified Sihler's technique which clears soft tissue while staining nerve. The IA muscles were dissected off the specimens and transilluminated to demonstrate their nerve supply. The results demonstrated that all 10 IA muscles were bilaterally innervated by both recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) as well as branches of both superior laryngeal nerves (SLNs). These nerves combined within the IA muscles to form a dense anastomotic plexus which was highly variable between specimens. The exact nature of the internal SLN neurons, whether motor or sensory, their innervation targets, or their function, were not discernible. Additional anatomic findings were the presence of large neural communications directly between the SLN and RLN, and smaller neural connections from side to side. All of these results disagree with currently accepted descriptions of laryngeal neuroanatomy.
Cerebrospinal fluid leak following acoustic neuroma removal
Authors: Hoffman Ronald A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak has been a constant and unresolved complication of acoustic tumor surgery. This study retrospectively reviews 381 primary acoustic tumor surgeries performed by a single, senior, neurotologist and neurosurgeon team from 1979 through 1991. There were 68 cerebrospinal fluid leaks in 66 patients (66/381; 17%). There was no significant difference in the incidence of CSF leak between the translabyrinthine group (21%) and the retrosigmoid transmeatal group (16%). Translabyrinthine leaks were evenly divided between rhinorrhea and the postauricular wound while retrosigmoid transmeatal leaks were predominantly rhinorrhea. Eleven of 14 translabyrinthine wound leaks responded to pressure dressing and suture. The remaining 3 ceased with continuous lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Ten of 14 cases of translabyrinthine rhinorrhea responded to continuous lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and those in whom it failed were cured with revision of the mastoidectomy/labyrinthectomy cavity. Twenty‐one of 28 cases of retrosigmoid transmeatal rhinorrhea responded to continuous lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage, and those in whom it failed were cured with extracranial, transmastoid revision. The incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leak was not influenced by age, sex, size of tumor, postoperative hydrocephalus, or the intraoperative use of autologous fibrin glue. Meningitis was an unusual complication, occurring in 3% of all patients.
Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in childhood: Management of head and neck manifestations
Authors: Irving R. M. , Broadbent V. , Jones N. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe authors carried out a retrospective analysis of 131 cases of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis treated at two centers over a 30‐year period. All those with head and neck manifestations have been reviewed with particular reference to management and outcome. The role of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery is discussed, and we present our results of the successful introduction of topical nitrogen mustard (Mustine®) ear drops for meatal skin involvement. During the period of the study our modus operandi has evolved from an aggressive medical and surgical approach, favored early in the series, to our present more conservative approach, with an attendant reduction in morbidity.
Epstein‐barr virus lytic cycle spreads via cell fusion in a nasopharyngeal carcinoma hybrid cell line
Authors: Seiki Motoharu , Sato Hiroshi , Takeshita Hazime , Yoshizaki Tomokazu , Takimoto Toru , Tanaka Saichiro , Furukawa Mitsuru 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNPC‐KT cl.S61, a subclone derived from an epithelial‐nasopharyngeal carcinoma hybrid cell line NPC‐KT, showed extensive Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) production and cell fusion when the EBV replicative cycle was induced by 5‐iodo‐2′‐deoxyuridine. On the contrary, parental NPC‐KT cells produced virus at a lower level and did not show cell fusion. Cell fusion in cl.S61 cells was blocked by 2‐deoxyglucose and acyclovir, inhibitors of glycosylation and EBV DNA polymerase, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in the number of cells expressing EBV growth‐associated antigens. However, the frequency of virus antigen expression in parental NPC‐KT cells was not significantly affected by these drugs. This result suggests that efficient production of EBV from cl.S61 cells is due to the spreading of viral replicative cycle via cell fusion. It was also demonstrated by in situ autoradiography that cl.S61 cells producing virus fused to not only EBV receptor/CR2 positive Raji and BJAB cells, but also to receptor‐negative Jurkat cells. The possible mechanism of EBV entry into cells devoid of virus receptor by cell fusion is discussed.
Blood transfusion and other prognostic variables in the survival of patients with cancer of the head and neck
Authors: Barzan Luigi , Maione Arturo , Pin Marco , Comoretto Roberto , Cadelano Andrea , Barra Salvatore , Franceschi Silvia 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe clinical records of 207 patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, diagnosed and surgically treated at the Otolaryngology Division of Pordenone General Hospital and Aviano Cancer Centre, northeast of Italy, from January 1982 to December 1987, were retrospectively reviewed to gather information on blood transfusions and other characteristics potentially related to survival. The group of patients (mean age = 59 years) included 85 cases (41%) of laryngeal cancer, 80 cases (39%) of oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer, and 34 cases (16%) of cancer of the oral cavity. Fifty‐five patients (27%) did not receive any blood transfusion while 152 patients were transfused with different amounts of blood. At the univariate analysis, nodal involvement, clinical stage, type of therapy, status of surgical margins, and metastatic spread beyond the nodal capsule appeared to be significantly linked to prognosis. After adjustment for other prognostic variables, transfused patients showed a twofold higher hazard ratio as compared to nontransfused patients, but such an unfavorable predictive value should be evaluated in the context of the other prognostic correlates of cancer of the head and neck.
Human papillomavirus types 11 and 16 detected in nasopharyngeal carcinomas by the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Hørding Ulla , Nielsen Henrik Winther , Daugaard SØRen , Albeck Henrik 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMost nasopharyngeal carcinomas (NPCs) are of the nonkeratinizing or undifferentiated types, which are consistently associated with Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). The smaller group of highly differentiated, keratinizing NPCs seems to be only infrequently associated with EBV. In order to examine whether these rare tumors were related to another oncogenic virus, the authors used the polymerase chain reaction to examine paraffin‐embedded sections of 15 keratinizing NPCs for human papillomavirus (HPV) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 genomic sequences. HPV DNA was found in 4 tumors (1 HPV‐11‐positive, and 3 HPV‐16–positive tumors). None of 23 undifferentiated or nonkeratinizing NPCs harbored HPV DNA.The putatively oncogenic HPV type 16 may thus be involved in the carcinogenesis of some EBV‐negative keratinizing squamous cell nasopharyngeal carcinomas.
Photodynamic therapy and the treatment of neoplastic diseases of the larynx
Authors: Biel Merrill A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPhotodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment involving the use of light‐sensitive drugs to selectively identify and destroy diseased cells. Therefore, photodynamic therapy has the potential to treat and cure precancerous and early cancerous lesions (carcinoma in situ [CIS], T1 and T2) of the larynx while preserving normal tissue.Eleven patients with recurrent leukoplakia and carcinomas of the larynx were treated with PDT with follow‐up to 27 months. One patient with a Tl verrucous carcinoma, 5 patients with T1 squamous cell carcinomas of the vocal cord failing radiotherapy, 1 patient with a T2 squamous cell carcinoma of the vocal cord failing radiotherapy, and 3 patients with CIS and severe atypia were treated with PDT and obtained a complete response and are disease free. One patient with a T3 carcinoma of the larynx was treated with PDT but died 4 weeks post‐treatment of unrelated causes and could not be assessed.Photodynamic therapy is a promising therapy for treatment of precancerous and cancerous lesions of the larynx. This therapy may be particularly beneficial for the treatment of recurrent carcinomas of the larynx that have failed conventional radiotherapy, thereby preserving voice and eliminating the need for destructive laryngeal surgery.
A review of revision functional endoscopic sinus surgery
Authors: King Jeffrey M. , Caldarelli David D. , Pigato Joseph B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFor some patients, traditional or functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) fails to relieve persistent or recurrent sinus disease. This subset of patients may require revision surgery. The objective of this study was to define and evaluate which features of sinus disease and prior treatment were characteristic of patients requiring revision FESS. Within a series of 295 consecutive FESS procedures, 43 patients who had prior sinus surgery and required revision FESS were studied and followed for a mean 14.1‐month period. The characteristics of 13 patients with persistent disease following revision FESS and the potential technical risks and complications encountered were also evaluated. This study concludes that revision FESS is a safe technique that was effective in 69.8% of the patients, and that certain factors may predict a poor surgical outcome.