bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gene expression response in target organ and whole blood varies as a function of target organ injury phenotype
Authors: Lobenhofer Edward K , Auman J Todd , Blackshear Pamela E , Boorman Gary A , Bushel Pierre R , Cunningham Michael L , Fostel Jennifer M , Gerrish Kevin , Heinloth Alexandra N , Irwin Richard D , Malarkey David E , Merrick B Alex , Sieber Stella O , Tucker Charles J , Ward Sandra M , Wilson Ralph E , Hurban Patrick , Tennant Raymond W , Paules Richard S 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis report details the standardized experimental design and the different data streams that were collected (histopathology, clinical chemistry, hematology and gene expression from the target tissue (liver) and a bio-available tissue (blood)) after treatment with eight known hepatotoxicants (at multiple time points and doses with multiple biological replicates). The results of the study demonstrate the classification of histopathological differences, likely reflecting differences in mechanisms of cell-specific toxicity, using either liver tissue or blood transcriptomic data.
Skewing the Th cell phenotype toward Th1 alters the maturation of tumor-infiltrating mononuclear phagocytes
Authors: Nonaka Kenichi , Saio Masanao , Suwa Tatsuhiko , Frey Alan B , Umemura Naoki , Imai Hisashi , Ouyang Guan-Feng , Osada Shinji , Balazs Margit , Adany Roza , Kawaguchi Yoshihiro , Yoshida Kazuhiro , Takami Tsuyoshi 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMononuclear phagocytes (MPCs) at the tumor site can be divided into subclasses, including monocyte-lineage myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) and the immunosuppressive tumor-infiltrating macrophages (TIMs). Cancer growth coincides with the expansion of MDSCs found in the blood, secondary lymphoid organs, and tumor tissue. These MDSCs are thought to mature into macrophages and to promote tumor development by a combination of growth-enhancing properties and suppression of local antitumor immunoresponses. As little is known about either subset of MPCs, we investigated MPCs infiltrating into murine adenocarcinoma MCA38 tumors. We found that these MPCs displayed immunosuppressive characteristics and a MDSC cell-surface phenotype. Over 70% of the MPCs were mature (F4/80+Ly6C−) macrophages, and the rest were immature (F480+ Ly6C+) monocytes. MPC maturation was inhibited when the cells infiltrated a tumor variant expressing IL-2 and soluble TNF type II receptor (sTNFRII). In addition, the IL-2/sTNFRII MCA38 tumor microenvironment altered the MPC phenotype; these cells did not survive culturing in vitro as a result of Fas-mediated apoptosis and negligible M-CSFR expression. Furthermore, CD4+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in wild-type tumors robustly expressed IL-13, IFN-γ, and GM-CSF, and CD4+ TILs in IL-2/sTNFRII-expressing tumors expressed little IL-13. These data suggest that immunotherapy-altered Th cell balance in the tumor microenvironment can affect the differentiation and maturation of MPCs in vivo. Furthermore, as neither the designation MDSC nor TIM can sufficiently describe the status of monocytes/macrophages in this tumor microenvironment, we believe these cells are best designated as MPCs.
Randomized trial of a self-administered decision aid for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Trevena Lyndal J , Irwig Les , Barratt Alexandra 
Published: June 2008

Objective Previous studies have not assessed whether evidence-based information about the outcomes of colorectal cancer screening increases informed choice among people from a range of socioeconomic backgrounds nor have they assessed whether this can be administered away from a health-care provider. Methods Randomized controlled trial in six primary care locations. Three hundred and fourteen people aged 50–74 years received a self-administered decision aid (DA) booklet about outcomes of biennial faecal occult blood testing (FOBT) screening or government consumer guidelines (G). Results Significantly more DA recipients (20.9%) were ‘informed’ compared with G recipients (5.8%) ( P = 0.0001, OR 4.32; 95% CI 2.49 to 7.52); the DA did not affect values clarity (61.9% clear after DA versus 59.1% after G) nor screening decisions overall (87.3% would screen after DA versus 90.5% after G). Test uptake at one month was uniformly low (5.2% DA versus 6.6% G); mostly due to being ‘too busy’. DA recipients were more likely to make decisions ‘integrating’ knowledge with values (10.4% DA versus 1.5% G). Decisions not to screen were equally uncommon in both groups but more likely to be uninformed in G ( P = 0.03). More DA recipients from all education levels were ‘informed’ ( P = 0.02), particularly in lower education (50.0% DA versus 17.8% G) and university-educated groups (79.4% DA versus 32.1% G). Conclusion Detailed absolute risk and benefit information about FOBT screening can be effectively used at home by people to increase informed choice. The DA was effective in people with lower education levels. Trial Registration Unique Protocol ID 211705 ClinicalTrials.gov ID NCT 00148226.
Sociodemographic predictors of HPV testing and vaccination acceptability: results from a population-representative sample of British women
Authors: Marlow Laura A V , Waller Jo , Wardle Jane 
Published: June 2008

Objectives To examine sociodemographic predictors of self-reported screening attendance, intention to accept human papillomavirus (HPV) testing and willingness to accept vaccination for a daughter under 16. Setting Home-based, computer-assisted interviews with a population representative sample of British women. Methods Participants were selected using random probability sampling of the Postcode Address File, 994 women aged 25–64 were included in these analyses. Women reported their attendance at cervical screening and intention to accept an HPV test. A subsample of those with a daughter under 16 years ( n = 296) reported their willingness to accept HPV vaccination for their daughter. Results Screening attendance was associated with education level (odds ratio [OR] = 1.66, confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.07–2.56) and being married (OR = 2.04, 95% CI: 1.37–3.03). Acceptance of HPV testing was predicted by regular attendance for cervical screening (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.03–2.42) and being from a white background (OR = 2.20, 95% CI: 1.18–4.13). Daughter's age was the only predictor of HPV vaccine acceptance, with mothers whose youngest daughter was 13–16 years old being the most likely to accept vaccination (OR = 2.91, 95% CI: 1.27–6.65). Conclusion In contrast to screening attendance, ethnicity plays an important role in HPV testing. Specific cultural barriers should be identified and addressed to ensure ethnic disparities in testing are limited. While marital status is associated with screening attendance, HPV testing could overcome this bias. Sociodemographic variables seem to play a limited role in HPV vaccine acceptance among mothers making vaccine decisions for their daughters, but as with other studies, age of daughter is important. The scientific reasons for vaccinating at 12–13 years should be emphasized in HPV information.
Newborn screening for glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in Isfahan, Iran: a quantitative assay
Authors: Iranpour Ramin , Hashemipour Mahin , Talaei Seyed-Mojtaba , Soroshnia Mohsen , Amini Abasgholi 
Published: June 2008

Objectives To determine the prevalence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in Isfahan, the central state of Iran. Methods From February to March 2006, a total of 2501 samples were screened for the quantitative measurement of G6PD activity by enzymatic colorimetric assay by a commercial kit (GAMMA, Belgium). The neonates were referred from 17 delivery units to the Isfahan neonatal screening center at 3–7 days after birth. Any neonate with a value < 6.4 U/gHb was considered G6PD deficient. Results Of the 2501 newborns (1307 males, 1194 females) screened, 79 neonates were found to have G6PD deficiency (67 males, 12 females). The overall incidence of G6PD deficiency was 3.2%. Frequency in male population was 5.1 % (67 out of 1307 male neonates) and in female population was 1% (12 out of 1194 female neonates).The female:male ratio was 1:5.5 ( P = 0.0001). The mean enzyme activity in deficient patients was 3.22 ± 1.8 U/gHb (male deficient group; 3.17 ± 1.74 U/gHb, female deficient group; 3.49 ± 2.17 U/gHb, P = 0.58). Conclusion Routine neonatal screening in Isfahan, Iran with a relatively high prevalence of G6PD deficiency is justified and meets the World Health Organization recommendation.
Human Embryonic Stem Cells Have Enhanced Repair of Multiple Forms of DNA Damage
Authors: Maynard Scott , Swistowska Anna Maria , Lee Jae Wan , Liu Ying , Liu Su-Ting , Da Cruz Alexandre Bettencourt , Rao Mahendra , de Souza-Pinto Nadja C. , Zeng Xianmin , Bohr Vilhelm A. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Embryonic stem cells need to maintain genomic integrity so that they can retain the ability to differentiate into multiple cell types without propagating DNA errors. Previous studies have suggested that mechanisms of genome surveillance, including DNA repair, are superior in mouse embryonic stem cells compared with various differentiated murine cells. Using single-cell gel electrophoresis (comet assay) we found that human embryonic stem cells (BG01, I6) have more efficient repair of different types of DNA damage (generated from H2O2, UV-C, ionizing radiation, or psoralen) than human primary fibroblasts (WI-38, hs27) and, with the exception of UV-C damage, HeLa cells. Microarray gene expression analysis showed that mRNA levels of several DNA repair genes are elevated in human embryonic stem cells compared with their differentiated forms (embryoid bodies). These data suggest that genomic maintenance pathways are enhanced in human embryonic stem cells, relative to differentiated human cells.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Induction of Proliferation and Monocytic Differentiation of Human CD34+ Cells by CD137 Ligand Signaling
Authors: Jiang Dongsheng , Yue Pei Shan Eunice , Drenkard Daniela , Schwarz Herbert 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCD137 is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and is involved in the regulation of activation, proliferation, differentiation, and cell death of leukocytes. Bidirectional signaling exists for the CD137 receptor/ligand system, as CD137 ligand, which is expressed as a transmembrane protein, can also transduce signals into the cells on which it is expressed. In this study, we have identified expression of CD137 in human bone marrow and expression of CD137 ligand on a subset of CD34+ cells. Cross-linking of CD137 ligand on CD34+ cells by CD137 ligand agonists induces activation, prolongation of survival, proliferation, and colony formation. CD137 ligand agonists induce differentiation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells to colony-forming units-granulocyte/macrophage and subsequently to monocytes and macrophages but not to dendritic cells. These data uncover a novel function of CD137 and CD137 ligand by showing their participation in the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells.Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Application of Data Transmission to Offshore Operations
Authors: Gaymard R. , Peveraro R. , Ringot J. , Johns Clamart C. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
With data taping and data processing already available to the Oil Companies, Schlumberger has completed the last link of its integrated log data handling system by offering data transmission.
Data transmission offers a solution for the Oil Companies to have offshore logsquickly delivered to their decision center.
Thanks to data transmission, also, the logging data may quickly reach the computing center when an urgent processing is required, such as log interpretation or dipmeter computation. Workable results arc transmitted back to the decision making people in no time.
The technique used ensures that the confidentiality of the system is maintained at all times.

Introduction
Drilling and Production operations offshore or in remote, difficult areas underline the need for a method of delivering logs to the Oil Company's office quickly. Schlumberger offers a solution by transmitting over radio, telephone and/or satellite, logging data which has been recorded digitally on magnetic tape at the wellsite. As soon as it is received the logging data can be readily converted into optical log films which duplicate those made at the wellsite. Thanks to the transmitted logs, decision making time is dramatically reduced and the presence at the wellsite of the Oil Company's key personnel is no longer required.
If immediate, comprehensive formation evaluation is required, data transmission ensures quick access of the logging data to the processing center and quick delivery of the results to the Oil Company.

The Data Handling System
Data transmission is part of a whole new concept of well log data handling which has been built around the digital recording of data. Data handling includes the following technologies:
* Data Taping, which is the recording of data in digital form on magnetic tape, the Field Tape.
* Data Transmission, by telecommunication network.
* Data Processing, by computer, and playback.
Log data taping was first introduced with the continuous dipmeter for high density data storage and computer processing considerations. It is now being extended to all types of logs and will eventually become the fundamental recording of well logging data.
Log data Processing consists of a complete array of services which range from True Vertical Depth playback for deviated hole to comprehensive Formation Evaluation from log data.
Field Performance Evaluation of Crosslinked Polymers to Increase Oil Recovery in The Wilmington Field, California
Authors: Fitch Jon P. , Canfield Carl M. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
In the Wilmington Field, direct channeling of injection water from injector to producer has adversely affected oil recovery. The solution to this problem may be approached from two directions. The first is to seal off the channel at the injector. The second approach is to treat the affected producing wells. This approach has many advantages which will be explored in this discussion. Both methods have been used in portions of the Wilmington Field. This paper will examine new technology in crosslinking poly acrylamides to control water permeability in unconsolidated sands. Field data will be presented on treatment procedures, problems encountered and solutions for incurred problems.
Conclusions are:New in situ polymer gelling techniques provide an effective control over subsurface water movement.By excluding water production in the Wilmington Field, effective sand control has been achieved.Control of water entries in the producing wells can affect the sweep efficiency in the flood pattern.

Introduction
The Wilmington Field is located in the south central Los Angeles Basin between the Torrance and Huntington Beach oil fields. The Wilmington structure is a northeast, southwest trending asymmetrical anticline, which is transversed by numerous faults dividing the structure into nine major fault blocks. In the crestal area, there are seven major producing intervals of Lower Pliocene and Upper Miocene Age between 2200 feet and 5600 feet in depth. Each producing zone is composed of numerous individual sand members which vary from poorly-sorted, coarse-grained, unconsolidated sand in the upper zones to more consolidated sands, interbedded with shales and siltstones in the lower zones.
Pharmacokinetics of Acetyl-L-Carnitine Given in Single or Multiple Doses to HIV-1 Infected Patients with Toxic Peripheral Polyneuropathy
Authors: Herzmann C , Whiting S.J , Thomas M , Byrne P. , Johnson M.A , Youle M 
Published: June 2008

The use of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infection is associated with antiretroviral toxic polyneuropathy (ATN). Previous studies suggest that long term treatment with Acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR) 1.5 gram twice daily improves symptoms and promotes nerve regeneration. It is unknown whether the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile would allow for a once daily administration. Twenty three HIV-1 infected subjects taking ALCAR for ATN were enrolled in a cross over trial and switched from twice to once daily dosing. Their regimen was changed from 1.5g twice daily to 1g (4 patients), 2g (7), and 3g (12) once daily, respectively. Twelve healthy volunteers served as control. Plasma levels of ALCAR and its metabolite L-carnitine were measured. Patients receiving ALCAR had higher pre-dose levels than control subjects. Post dose levels were not significantly higher than pre dose levels in any treatment group. The pre / post dose ALCAR concentrations were 7.6 / 7.7, 7.1 / 6.8, 7.7 / 6.8, and 7.1 / 7.5 µmol/l for 1.5g twice daily, 1g once daily, 2g once daily, and 3g once daily, respectively. All values were significantly higher than the mean concentration in the control group (4.3 µmol/l). For ALCAR and L-carnitine, measurements for once daily regimens did not differ from the twice daily regimen. Once daily dosing of ALCAR can achieve similar plasma levels as twice daily dosing but intra-mitochondrial levels remain unknown. The pharmacokinetic profile of orally administered ALCAR is complex and likely to be highly affected by endogenous concentrations.
Prevalence, Characteristics, and Prognostic Significance of HFE Gene Mutations in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Davis Timothy M.E. , Beilby John , Davis Wendy A. , Olynyk John K. , Jeffrey Gary P. , Rossi Enrico , Boyder Conchita , Bruce David G. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To examine the relationship between iron status, hereditary hemochromatosis (HFE) gene mutations, and clinical features and outcomes of type 2 diabetes in a well-characterized representative sample of community-based patients.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—HFE genotype data were available for 1,245 type 2 diabetic patients from the longitudinal observational Fremantle Diabetes Study (FDS), representing 96.2% of the total FDS type 2 diabetes cohort. Data were collected at recruitment between 1993 and 1996 and annually until the end of June 2001. Hospitalization and mortality data were available until the end of June 2006. The presence of the C282Y HFE mutation was determined in all subjects and H63D in C282Y heterozygotes. Fasting serum iron, transferrin, and ferritin were measured in all C282Y homozygotes and C282Y/H63D heterozygotes and in 286 randomly selected wild-type subjects. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent baseline associates of prevalent complications (myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy), as was Cox proportional hazards modeling to determine predictors of incident complications and mortality.
RESULTS—Although there were expected positive associations between HFE gene mutations and serum iron and transferrin saturation, there were no independent positive associations between HFE gene status and either microvascular or macrovascular complications in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. HFE gene status did not independently predict cardiac or all-cause mortality. Measures of iron metabolism including serum ferritin were not associated with combined microvascular or macrovascular end points.
CONCLUSIONS—Directed screening for iron overload and/or HFE mutations appears unwarranted in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Mild and Efficient Allylation of Aldehydes by using Copper Fluorapatite as Catalyst
Authors: Kantam M. Lakshmi , Venkanna G. T. , Kumar K. B. Shiva , Balasubrahmanyam V. , Venkateswarlu G. , Sreedhar B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA facile synthesis of homoallylic alcohols is achieved by the allylation of aldehydes with allylic metal reagents or allyl halides using copper fluorapatite (CuFAP) as catalyst under mild reaction conditions. A variety of aldehydes were converted to the corresponding homoallylic alchohols, demonstrating the versatility of the reaction.
Efficient Synthesis of a Novel Resorcyclide as Anticancer Agent Based on Hsp90 Inhibition
Authors: Lei Xiaoguang , Danishefsky Samuel J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe highly efficient synthesis of a novel heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90)‐based anticancer agent, triazole‐cycloproparadicicol (5), is described. The key step involves a fragment coupling using “click chemistry.” The preliminary biological evaluation of triazole‐cycloproparadicicol is also reported.
Combined Chemical‐Enzymatic Assembly of Aminoglycoside Derivatives with N‐1‐AHB Side Chain
Authors: Nudelman Igor , Chen Lilach , Llewellyn Nicholas M. , Sahraoui El‐Habib , Cherniavsky Marina , Spencer Jonathan B. , Baasov Timor 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA series of unprotected pseudo‐disaccharides and pseudo‐trisaccharides of 2‐deoxystreptamine‐containing aminoglycosides have been selectively acylated at the N‐1 position with the valuable (S)‐4‐amino‐2‐hydroxybutanoyl (AHB) pharmacophore by using the recombinant BtrH and BtrG enzymes from butirosin biosynthesis in combination with a synthetic acyl donor. The process was optimized by performing two enzymatic steps in a sequential manner without purification of the intermediate product.
Property enhancement of epoxy resins by using a combination of polyamide and montmorillonite
Authors: Bakar M. , Wojtania I. , Legocka I. , Gospodarczyk J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA bisphenol‐A epoxy resin cured with triethylenetetramine was modified with the addition of a polyamide oligomer and a small amount of montmorillonite. Compositions with different amounts of modifiers were obtained and tested for their impact strength, flexural strength, and resistance to crack propagation. The latter was assessed by measuring the critical stress intensity factor in a three‐point bending mode. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the sample fracture surfaces. It was found that the addition of 2% montmorillonite or 5% polyamide resulted in the best improvement of the impact strength and the critical stress intensity factor relative to the unmodified epoxy resin. However, the flexural strength and toughness measured under three‐point bending mode was found to increase to a lesser extent. Hybrid compositions containing specific combinations of both modifier and nanofiller not only exhibited a higher impact strength and resistance to crack propagation but also displayed a synergistic effect in relation to the fracture energy. The results indicate that the improvement in mechanical properties of the epoxy resin was due to the formation of a heterogeneous morphology resulting from phase separation of the polymeric modifier. From the scanning electron microscopy and thermal analysis, it appears that the toughening may arise from chemical reactions that have taken place between the epoxy resin and the polymeric modifier, which was partially solubilized in the resin matrix. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 26:223–231, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/adv.20103