bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual Income Risk, Intrinsic Values, and Share Prices
Authors: Baginski Stephen P. , Wahlen James M. 
Published: March 2008

Empirical accounting research provides surprisingly little evidence on whether accounting earnings numbers capture cross-sectional differences in risk that are associated with cross-sectional differences in share prices. We address two questions regarding the risk-relevance of accounting numbers: (1) Are accounting-related risk measures (i.e., the systematic risk and total volatility in a firm's time-series of residual return on equity) associated with the market's assessment and pricing of equity risk? (2) If so, then are these accounting-related risk measures incrementally associated with the market's assessment and pricing of equity risk beyond other observable factors, such as those in the Fama and French (1992) three-factor model?
We develop an accounting-fundamentals-based measure of the market's pricing of risk—the difference between actual share price and a residual income valuation model estimate of share value using risk-free rates of return. Our results show that both systematic risk and total volatility in residual return on equity partially explain this pricing differential, and that the explanatory power of total volatility is incremental to the Fama and French (1992) factors—market beta, firm size, and the market-to-book ratio.
Earnings Management: New Evidence Based on Deferred Tax Expense
Authors: Phillips John , Pincus Morton , Rego Sonja Olhoft 
Published: March 2008

We assess the usefulness of deferred tax expense in detecting earnings management. Assuming greater discretion under GAAP than under tax rules, and assuming managers exploit such discretion to manage income upward primarily in ways that do not affect current taxable income, then such earnings management will generate book-tax differences that increase deferred tax expense.
Our results provide evidence consistent with deferred tax expense generally being incrementally useful beyond total accruals and abnormal accruals derived from two Jones-type models in detecting earnings management to avoid an earnings decline and to avoid a loss. Only total accruals is incrementally useful in detecting earnings management to meet analysts' earnings forecasts. Deferred tax expense is more accurate than the accrual measures in classifying firm-years as successfully avoiding a loss, whereas no one measure is more accurate in classifying firm-years as avoiding an earnings decline or meeting analysts' forecasts.
The Effects of Sarbanes-Oxley on Auditing and Internal Control Strength
Authors: Patterson Evelyn R. , Smith J. Reed 
Published: March 2008

We provide a theoretical investigation of the effects of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 on auditing intensity and internal control strength. We propose a model of strategic auditing in which the auditor can use resources for both internal control tests and substantive tests, while the manager can choose the strength of internal controls and the amount of fraud.
We find that control tests are a valuable tool for the auditor when control strength is informative about the likelihood of fraud. We find that Sarbanes-Oxley has the desired effect of inducing stronger internal control systems and less fraud, but does not necessarily induce higher levels of control testing. Our model suggests that audit risk increases as a result of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Private Earnings Guidance and Its Implications for Disclosure Regulation
Authors: Wang Isabel Yanyan 
Published: March 2008

This study investigates three related questions: (1) Why did some firms provide private earnings guidance to analysts before Regulation Fair Disclosure? (2) How did the exogenous shock of Regulation Fair Disclosure affect these firms' disclosure policies? (3) What are the economic consequences of this disclosure regulation? To address these questions, I develop a new measure of private earnings guidance.
Consistent with theory, I find that firms were more likely to provide private earnings guidance if they had higher proprietary information costs, and if their earnings were more predictive of other firms' earnings. Policymakers enacted Regulation Fair Disclosure to stop private earnings guidance, but they also intended for managers to replace private earnings guidance with public earnings guidance, thereby improving the information environment. However, I find that roughly half of the firms that I classify as relying more on private earnings guidance replace private earnings guidance with non-disclosure instead of public earnings guidance, and as a result, these firms suffer significant deterioration in their information environments. Consistent with theory, firms are more likely to replace private earnings guidance with nondisclosure if they have lower information asymmetry and higher proprietary information costs. On the other hand, firms that replace private earnings guidance with public earnings guidance, on average, prevent significant deterioration in their information environments. Evidence that firms respond to disclosure regulation as predicted by theory can help policymakers anticipate which firms' information environments are likely to be adversely affected by new disclosure regulations.
Increased GABAergic Tone in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Contributes to Suppression of Counterregulatory Reponses After Antecedent Hypoglycemia
Authors: Chan Owen , Cheng Haiying , Herzog Raimund , Czyzyk Daniel , Zhu Wanling , Wang Ajin , McCrimmon Rory J. , Seashore Margretta R. , Sherwin Robert S. 
Published: March 2008

OBJECTIVE—We have previously demonstrated that modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory tone in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), an important glucose-sensing region in the brain, modulates the magnitude of glucagon and sympathoadrenal responses to hypoglycemia. In the current study, we examined whether increased VMH GABAergic tone may contribute to suppression of counterregulatory responses after recurrent hypoglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—To test this hypothesis, we quantified expression of the GABA synthetic enzyme, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), in the VMH of control and recurrently hypoglycemic rats. Subsequently, we used microdialysis and microinjection techniques to assess changes in VMH GABA levels and the effects of GABAA receptor blockade on counterregulatory responses to a standardized hypoglycemic stimulus.
RESULTS—Quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblots in recurrently hypoglycemic animals revealed that GAD65 mRNA and protein were increased 33 and 580%, respectively. Basal VMH GABA concentrations were more than threefold higher in recurrently hypoglycemic animals. Furthermore, whereas VMH GABA levels decreased in both control and recurrently hypoglycemic animals with the onset of hypoglycemia, the fall was not significant in recurrently hypoglycemic rats. During hypoglycemia, recurrently hypoglycemic rats exhibited a 49–63% reduction in glucagon and epinephrine release. These changes were reversed by delivery of a GABAA receptor antagonist to the VMH.
CONCLUSIONS—Our data suggest that recurrent hypoglycemia increases GABAergic inhibitory tone in the VMH and that this, in turn, suppresses glucagon and sympathoadrenal responses to subsequent bouts of acute hypoglycemia. Thus, hypoglycemia-associated autonomic failure may be due in part to a relative excess of the inhibitory neurotransmitter, GABA, within the VMH.
Diagnostic Importance of CA-125 in Detection of Recurrence and Progress of the Disease in Stages III and IV of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Đurđević Srđan , Stojanović Sanja , Vejnović Tihomir , Kopitović Vesna , Basta-Nikolić Marijana , Petrović Đorđe , Đorđević Aleksandra 
Published: March 2008

Diagnostic Importance of CA-125 in Detection of Recurrence and Progress of the Disease in Stages III and IV of Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
In 60 patients operated in stages III and IV of epithelial ovarian carcinoma continuous determination of CA 125 from serum was done during the following 2 years. The main condition for entering the survey were elevated values of CA 125 in serum > 35 U/mL and histologically verified epithelial ovarian carcinoma. The aim of the survey was to perform statistical assessment of serum CA 125 determination in diagnostics of recurrence and progression of the disease in stages III and IV of epithelial ovarian carcinoma, and percentage (%) of false positive and negative results. Determination of CA 125 from serum during 2 postoperative years is a reliable but not completely certain diagnostic parameter in detection of the disease progression in stages III and IV of epithelial ovarian carcinoma (sensitivity 79.3%, specificity 97.1%, positive predictive value 91.2%, negative predictive value 92.4%, test accuracy 92.1%). False positive (0.7%) and false negative results (4.7%) of individual tests were present in 5.4% of all samples.
Decrease of Fibrinolytic Potential in the Occurence of Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Vučković Biljana , Đerić Mirjana , Ilić Tatjana , Čanak Višnja , Žarkov Marija 
Published: March 2008

Decrease of Fibrinolytic Potential in the Occurence of Cerebral Ischemia
One of the most present clinical manifestations of long and progressive atherothrombotic occurrences is the ischemic cerebrovascular insult, one of the leading causes of death and illness in the world. Lately, a growing number of scientists believe that disorders in the fibrinolytic mechanism function are the key to the occurrence of cerebral ischemia. The goal of this study is to investigate whether the disorder of the fibrinolytic mechanism has influence on the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular insult. Our study includes 90 examinees, 60 of which suffer from ischemic cerebrovascular insult and 30 are clinically healthy examinees forming the control group. The results of our investigation show that statistically a significantly larger number of patients has decreased fibrinolytic potential comparing with controls (p < 0.01). According to this, it has been noted that euglobulin lysis clot time in the patient group is significantly longer (p = 0.005). Statistically, no significant difference has been noted related to the activity of plasminogen (p = 0.085). Further on, the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 values among the patients have been significantly higher (p = 6.20 x 10-11). Moreover, significantly higher values of tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen have been statistically noted in the patient group (p = 5.20 x 10-5). The results of this investigation impose the conclusions that the decrease in fibrinolytic potential affects the occurrence of ischemic cerebrovascular insult, that it is directly connected to the higher levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and that the growth of tissue-type plasminogen activator antigen concentration participates in the decrease of fibrinolytic potential among patients suffering from cerebral ischemia.
Poly(L‐lactide)‐degrading activity of a newly isolated bacterium
Authors: Kim Mal Nam , Kim Wan Gyu , Weon Hang Yeon , Lee Sun Hee 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA new strain exhibiting poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA)‐degrading activity was isolated from the compost loaded with low‐molecular weight PLLA. The strain was rod‐shaped gram positive bacterium and was identified to be Bacillus licheniformis by the 16S rDNA sequence analysis. It degraded not only low‐molecular weight PLLA but also other PLLAs having higher molecular weight. The lower the molecular weight of PLLA, the faster the biodegradation rate. And thereby 45% and 81% of PLLAs with weight average molecular weight of 256,000 and 5,000, respectively, were metabolized into CO2 after 40 days of biodegradation at 58°C in the sterilized compost inoculated with the bacterium. According to the 16S rDNA sequence analysis, B. licheniformis PLLA‐2 belonged to Bacillus spp. phylogenetically. However, there existed almost no phylogenetic relationship between B. licheniformis PLLA‐2 and the previously reported PLLA‐degrading strains. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy composites reinforced by a natural hydrophobic sand
Authors: Sui G. , Jana S. , Salehi‐khojin A. , Neema S. , Zhong W. H. , Chen H. , Huo Q. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIf a low weight percentage of crude fine fillers can improve properties of polymer materials directly without complicated chemical treatment process involved, it will be significant for many industrial applications. Our previous study indicated that a kind of Cancun natural sand could be an effective filler material for polymer composites. In this current work, the epoxy composites reinforced by this kind of natural sand particles were prepared and thermal and mechanical properties of the composites containing up to 5 wt % of the sand particles were characterized. Results showed that the highest flexural strength appears in the epoxy composite containing 1 wt % sand particles. A damage model was used to interpret the flexural properties, which showed an acceptable agreement with the experimental results. The glass transition temperature, high temperature storage modulus, and dimensional stability of the sand/epoxy composites monotonically increased with the addition of the sand particles. The sand particle/epoxy composites also displayed a noticeable enhancement in thermal conductivity. Theoretical analysis showed that in addition to conduction, other heat transport mechanisms played roles in the improved heat transmission through the composites. As a natural porous micron‐scale material, Cancun sand has the potential for applications in cost‐effective composites with enhanced mechanical and thermal properties. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Structures and properties of ternary blends of recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/bisphenol‐A polycarbonate/(E/nBA/GMA)
Authors: Peng Yong , Guo Weihong , Zhu Ping , Wu Chifei 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecycled poly(ethylene terephthalate)/bisphenol‐A polycarbonate/PTW (ethylene, butylacrylate (BA), and glycidylmethacrylate (E/nBA/GMA) terpolymer) were blended in different sequence through low temperature solid state extrusion (LTSSE) was studied. R‐PET/PC blends were toughened by PTW, resulting in the improvement of impact strengths. In tensile test, the (PC/PTW)/r‐PET blends made by mixing r‐PET with the preblend of PC/PTW had noticeable strengthening effect on its tensile properties, which was not impaired by the rubber content due to its strain‐hardening occurred following its necking at the constant load. Morphological study by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was in conformity with the mechanical result. For the (PC/PTW)/r‐PET blends, the PC particles were well embedded in the PET matrix and the smooth morphology exhibited. The DSC thermographs for heating and cooling run indicated that the crystallinity of PET rich phase was affected by different blending sequence. In the FTIR test, the different absorption intensity of PC aromatic carbonate carbonyl band was clearly illustrated. The results indicated different blending sequence led to different blending effect. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Fracture behavior of laminated wood bonded with water based polymer‐isocyanate resin and resorcinol‐formaldehyde resin under impact fatigue
Authors: Miyazaki Junko , Nakano Takato 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe impact fatigue behavior of laminated wood bonded with water based polymer‐isocyanate resin (WPI) and resorcinol–formaldehyde resin (RF) was investigated. The number of cyclic blows to failure (Nb) for laminated wood was lower than that for solid wood. For laminated wood, Nb showed a significant decrease with an increase in temperature, while for solid wood, it showed a slight decrease. The fatigue life of laminated wood bonded with WPI was lower than that of RF. For laminated wood bonded with WPI, the ratio of the height of rebound (Qn) to that of the first rise (Pn), which was evaluated from an impact stress wave, remained constant and then gradually decreased before failure. This indicates that the energy consumed by heating increased before failure because the cured WPI has viscosity. For RF, Qn/Pn remained constant immediately before failure because cured RF is rigid. At a lower test temperature, the fracture surface almost entirely comprised the wood. As the temperature increased, the laminated wood fractured predominately in the adhesive layer. This could be attributed to a decrease in the rigidities of WPI and RF. The impact fatigue behavior of laminated wood is related to the mechanical properties of the adhesives. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation of sheath–core bicomponent composite ion‐exchange fibers and their properties
Authors: Ding Zhi‐Jia , Qi Lu 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBased on sheath–core bicomponent composite ion‐exchange fibers with modified polystyrene and modified polypropylene, composite fibers were further crosslinked and sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to produce strongly acidic cation‐exchange fibers. The optimal technology of the obtained fibers was examined, and the structures of the fibers were investigated with Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry, differential scanning calorimetry, and so forth. The properties were measured with chemical titration, filament strength instrumentation, scanning electron microscopy, and so forth. The results showed that cation‐exchange fibers with better mechanical properties and a higher exchange capacity were obtained, and they had higher practicability. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Relationship between the crystalline structure and mechanical behavior in isotropic and oriented polyamide 12
Authors: Dencheva Nadya , Denchev Zlatan , Oliveira M. Jovita , Nunes Teresa G. , Funari Sérgio S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis study reports on the relationship between the crystalline structure and mechanical behavior of differently processed and annealed polyamide 12 (PA12) samples. Two sets of samples were obtained: isotropic PA12 films prepared by hot pressing and oriented cables prepared by consecutive extrusion and cold drawing. These samples were isothermally annealed in the range of 80–160°C and then subjected to tensile tests at room temperature. A combination of solid‐state 13C‐NMR and synchrotron wide‐ and small‐angle X‐ray scattering was used to obtain reliable structural data from these samples before and after the tensile tests. These structural data were related to the mechanical properties of the respective PA12 samples. Deformation models explaining all the experimental results were suggested for the different PA12 samples. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis and characterization of dendronized aromatic polyamides with bromomethyl groups in the periphery
Authors: Miao Yanru , Wu Guoliang , Zhou Li , Xu Wei , Xia Xinnian , Xu Weijian 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper focused on the synthesis of novel functionalized dendronized aromatic polyamides, which contained a polyamide backbone and polyamide dendrons decorated with bromomethyl groups, by the macromonomer route. The new activating procedure of the synthesis of dendrons and macromonomers using thionyl chloride as an activating agent eliminated the protection/deprotection procedure and reduced side reactions. The structures of the dendrons, macromonomers, and polyamides were confirmed by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The properties of the resulting dendronized polyamides, which were compared with that of the linear polyamide (LP), were studied using GPC, XRD, TGA, DSC, inherent viscosity measurement, and solubility experiment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effect of the processing conditions and the addition of trans‐polyoctenylene rubber on the properties of natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber blends
Authors: Bizi Claudia Maria Pena , Demarquette Nicole R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this study, the influence of the processing conditions and the addition of trans‐polyoctenylene rubber (TOR) on Mooney viscosity, tensile properties, hardness, tearing resistance, and resilience of natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber blends was investigated. The results obtained are explained in light of dynamic mechanical and morphological analyses. Increasing processing time produced a finer blend morphology, which resulted in an improvement in the mechanical properties. The addition of TOR involved an increase in hardness, a decrease in tear resistance, and no effect on the resilience. It resulted in a large decrease in the Mooney viscosity and a slight decrease in the tensile properties if the components of the compounds were not properly mixed. The results indicate that TOR acted more as a plasticizer than a compatibilizer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of salts in the Hofmeister series and solvent isotopes on the gelation mechanisms for hydroxypropylmethylcellulose hydrogels
Authors: Liu S. Q. , Joshi Sunil C. , Lam Y. C. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effects of various inorganic salts and isotopic solvents on the thermal gelation behavior of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) in aqueous solutions were examined by micro‐differential scanning calorimetry and rheological measurements. It was found that salting‐out salts, such as NaCl, promoted the sol–gel transition of HPMC at a lower temperature. An analysis of solvent isotope effects on the changes in the temperature at maximum heat capacity (Tm) with salt concentration showed that interchain hydrogen bonding (hydrogen bonding between the hydroxyl groups of different HPMC chains) was involved in the sol–gel transition, and its strength depended on the temperature and salt concentration. It was demonstrated that the effectiveness of anionic species in changing the Tm of the HPMC solutions was in the sequence of the Hofmeister series. Anionic species play a role in reducing Tm by their influence on the structure of the water, which in turn affects interactions between hydroxyl groups and water molecules, interchain hydrogen bonding, and the strength of the water cages prohibiting hydrophobic association. Rheological and microcalorimetric results indicated that the change in the thermodynamics of gelation of the HPMC aqueous solution was determined by the salt types and concentration, and the effect of monovalent salts was found to be more cooperative than that of multivalent salts on the sol–gel transition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Production of fiber‐rich powder by the acid treatment of unripe banana flour
Authors: Aguirre‐Cruz A. , Álvarez‐Castillo A. , Yee‐Madeira H. , Bello‐Pérez L. A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe acid treatment of unripe banana flour (UBF) was carried out to obtain a fiber‐rich product, and some functional and physicochemical characteristics were tested. An experimental design with temperature, time, and acid concentration as independent variables produced 20 experiments that were studied with a response surface methodology to discover the effect of these variables on the total dietary fiber (TDF) content. UBF showed a TDF content of 17% and a total starch content of 73%. The response surface regression model fitted to experimental results of TDF showed a good determination coefficient (94%). The maximum TDF content that predicted the model was 61.0% with conditions of 38°C, 11 days, and an acid concentration of 1.6M. During model validation for TDF, the model explained the experimental results to 99.5%. The thermal characterization of the fiber‐rich products after the acid treatment [acid‐treated unripe banana flour (ATUBF)] showed higher thermal stability than its parental sample. The water absorption index of ATUBF was lower but the water solubility of ATUBF was higher than its native counterpart. The preparation of a fiber‐rich product with UBF may be important for the development of food and medical products. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008