bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of lifestyle intervention and metformin on weight management and markers of metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents
Authors: Harden Kelly A. , Cowan Patricia A. , Velasquez‐Mieyer Pedro , Patton Susan B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purposes of this study are threefold: to determine what components of the metabolic syndrome are present in obese adolescents, to determine what differences exist in the effects of lifestyle intervention versus lifestyle intervention plus metformin on weight management and select markers of metabolic syndrome in obese adolescents, and to determine which factors predict weight loss in obese adolescents treated with lifestyle changes and metformin.Data sources: The study was a secondary data analysis utilizing a retrospective chart review of 63 obese adolescents aged 11 through 18 who were treated for obesity at the LeBonheur Youth Lifestyle Clinic from January 1, 2000, through June 30, 2005. Lifestyle interventions included diet, exercise, and counseling. The medication utilized was metformin. Outcomes evaluated included body mass index, relative body mass index (RBMI), weight, waist and hip circumference, blood pressure, serum lipid levels, fasting plasma glucose, 2‐h oral glucose tolerance tests, and insulin levels. Changes in mean values between groups were evaluated using the General Linear Models procedure. Logistic regression was utilized to determine which factors might predict weight loss.Conclusions: The metformin group (N= 37) tended to be heavier, older, and had more components of the metabolic syndrome than the nonmetformin group (N= 26). All components of the metabolic syndrome were present in both groups (overall prevalence 55%). Both groups had a downward trend in RBMI, a surrogate marker for weight loss, but only the metformin group had a significant loss in RBMI points from baseline to end. There was a trend toward better diastolic blood pressure at 6 months in the metformin group (p= 0.06), which was not seen in the nonmetformin group. The only predictors of weight loss were higher RBMI (those who were heavier lost more) and the absence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) (those with type 2 DM were less likely to lose 10 or more points in RBMI).Implications for practice: All components of the metabolic syndrome are present in obese adolescents. The use of lifestyle changes and lifestyle changes plus metformin both produce some degree of weight loss, but subjects on metformin in this study lost significantly more RBMI points than those on lifestyle changes alone. Subjects with type 2 DM are less likely to lose weight than those without type 2 DM. Larger studies and studies with subjects more representative of the general population need to be carried out to assist in the development of evidence‐based practice guidelines.
Prevalence and management of headache in a university undergraduate population
Authors: Curry Kim , Green Roger 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to explore the incidence, morbidity, and management of headaches in university undergraduate students. The authors also explored choice of reliever medications for headaches in an effort to assess potential needs for patient education concerning effective headache management.Data sources: Data were collected from a convenience sample of 104 students. The Headache Assessment Quiz was used to measure type and severity of headache and to collect data on symptom management.Conclusions: A majority of students surveyed reported experiencing headaches of moderate to severe intensity. Sixty percent of respondents indicated that headaches interfered with their usual activities while 92.5% reported use of nonprescription relievers only for headache management. Knowledge of headache prevention and treatment is lacking in this age group.Implications for practice: Headaches are a common symptom in the college age population. Further research is needed to determine the incidence of specific types of headaches. Primary care providers are challenged to address patient education in this population as well as to assist patients in properly diagnosing headache types.
Overheard in the Halls: What Adolescents Are Saying, and What Teachers Are Hearing, About Health Issues
Authors: Cohall Alwyn T. , Cohall Renee , Dye Bonnie , Dini Sheila , Vaughan Roger D. , Coots Susan 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Schools have long been recognized as an excellent place to offer health education and supportive services. Teachers are among the most important influences in the lives of school‐aged children and can provide valuable insight into the health issues important to adolescents. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential role general academic teachers may play in facilitating adolescent health promotion efforts.Methods:  To determine what teachers think about the role of health promotion in schools and what tools and topics they would find most helpful as critical advisers to students, we administered a 28‐question survey at staff development meetings in 4 New York City schools.Results:  Teachers agreed that schools were an important venue for discussing and providing health messages. More than half of those surveyed reported having overheard student discussions about health once a week or more, and 70% stated that they had been actively approached by students 1‐3 or more times per semester with reports of personal problems or health issues. Teachers expressed concern about their ability to handle student mental, behavioral, and reproductive health problems and desired additional staff development workshops to address these needs.Conclusions:  Teachers felt that schools were important places to promote dialogue about health and accept the importance of playing a broader role in the lives of youth beyond education. To enhance the prospect of health‐promoting interactions between teachers and students, attention must be paid to developing the overall skill and comfort level of teachers with respect to adolescent health concerns.
Multicenter Comparison of Molecular Methods for Detection of
Legionella
spp. in Sputum Samples
Authors: Bencini M. A. , van den Brule A. J. C. , Claas E. C. J. , Hermans M. H. A. , Melchers W. J. G. , Noordhoek G. T. , Salimans M. M. M. , Schirm J. , Vink C. , van der Zee A. , Jansen R. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Legionellosis can be diagnosed by PCR using sputum samples. In this report, the methods of nine laboratories for 12 sputum samples with
Legionella pneumophila
and
Legionella longbeachae
are compared. We conclude that (i) liquefaction prevents PCR inhibition, (ii) the employed
mip
gene PCRs detected
L. pneumophila
only, and (iii) the 16S rRNA gene PCR detected both
Legionella
species and is preferred for the diagnosis of legionellosis.
Corynebacterium kutscheri
Infection of Skin and Soft Tissue following Rat Bite
Authors: Holmes Natasha E. , Korman Tony M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium kutscheri
is a common bacterium isolated from the oral cavity of healthy mice and rats. We report the first well-documented case of
C. kutscheri
human infection which followed a rat bite. The microorganism was identified by conventional biochemical tests and confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.
First Isolations of
Segniliparus rugosus
from Patients with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Butler W. Ray , Sheils Catherine A. , Brown-Elliott Barbara A. , Charles Nadege , Colin Andrew A. , Gant Mary J. , Goodill John , Hindman Diane , Toney Sean R. , Wallace Richard J. , Yakrus Mitchell A. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

We report three cases of the new genus
Segniliparus
isolated from patients with cystic fibrosis. All isolates were unambiguously identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as
Segniliparus rugosus
(GenBank accession no. AY 60892). Drug susceptibility results that may enhance treatment for cystic fibrosis patients with this opportunistic pathogen are presented.
Rapid Detection of Shiga Toxin-Producing
Escherichia coli
by Optical Immunoassay
Authors: Teel Louise D. , Daly Judy A. , Jerris Robert C. , Maul Diana , Svanas Gregory , O'Brien Alison D. , Park Choong H. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

In a multi-health center study, a new rapid optical immunoassay (OIA) for the detection of Shiga toxin types 1 and 2, the BioStar OIA SHIGATOX kit (Inverness Medical Professional Diagnostics, Inc.), was used to prospectively screen 742 fresh fecal samples for Shiga toxins in parallel with the Premier enterohemorrhagic
Escherichia coli
(EHEC) kit (Meridian BioScience, Inc.) with and without enrichment of the specimens by incubation in MacConkey broth. Additionally, 85 previously tested frozen fecal samples were assessed as described above. All positive immunoassay results were confirmed by the Vero cell cytotoxicity assay. A further modification of the screening procedure was evaluated on 470 of the prospectively screened specimens. Swabs of growth from conventionally plated stool culture media were subjected to the OIA SHIGATOX, and results were compared with those obtained with the Premier EHEC kit following broth enrichment. Overall, the OIA SHIGATOX kit was significantly more sensitive than the Premier EHEC kit on fresh direct stool specimens (sensitivities, 96.8% and 83.9%, respectively;
P
< 0.05). The two assays performed equally well with each other on frozen and broth-enriched samples. The colony sweep method used in conjunction with the OIA kit was somewhat more effective at detection of Shiga toxins from growth on agar than the overnight broth enrichment procedure used with the Premier EHEC assay (sensitivities, 100% and 92%, respectively;
P
< 0.09). Overall, the OIA SHIGATOX kit provided rapid, easy-to-interpret results and was highly effective at detection of Shiga toxin-producing
E. coli
in fecal samples and overnight cultures.
Rapid Identification of Clinically Relevant
Enterococcus
Species by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization
Authors: Wellinghausen Nele , Bartel Melanie , Essig Andreas , Poppert Sven 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

A fluorescence in situ hybridization assay for the rapid identification of clinically relevant enterococci (
Enterococcus faecalis, E. faecium, E. gallinarum
, the VanC-type resistance group) was developed and evaluated with 33 reference strains, 68 clinical isolates, and 58 positive blood cultures. All probes showed excellent sensitivities and specificities.
Factors Influencing Broth Microdilution Antimicrobial Susceptibility Test Results for Dalbavancin, a New Glycopeptide Agent
Authors: Rennie Robert P. , Koeth Laura , Jones Ronald N. , Fritsche Thomas R. , Knapp Cindy C. , Killian Scott B. , Goldstein Beth P. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Performance of antimicrobial susceptibility tests with new agents requires careful consideration of the properties of the antimicrobial to ensure that the tests are standardized, reproducible, and reflect the true potency of the drug. Dalbavancin is a new glycopeptide with potent activity against gram-positive bacterial species. The investigations described here demonstrated that methodologic modifications of procedures are necessary to ensure consistent test results, both for quality control and for routine testing of clinical isolates. Dimethyl sulfoxide is the preferred primary solvent. The addition of 0.002% polysorbate-80 (a surfactant) to dalbavancin-containing wells in the reference broth microdilution assay resulted in consistent and reproducible MIC results for three quality control strains:
Staphylococcus aureus
ATCC 29213,
Enterococcus faecalis
ATCC 29212, and
Streptococcus pneumoniae
ATCC 49619. The same degree of consistency was observed among clinical isolates of gram-positive bacterial species tested in several clinical laboratories. These results indicate that the addition of 0.002% (final concentration) of the surfactant in broth microdilution tests produces optimal dalbavancin MICs required for accurate and reproducible clinical laboratory tests, without untoward influences of substrate binding or media constituents.
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Genomes Are Associated with ND10 Nuclear Substructures in Quiescently Infected Human Fibroblasts
Authors: Everett Roger D. , Murray Jill , Orr Anne , Preston Chris M. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) genomes become associated with structures related to cellular nuclear substructures known as ND10 or promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies during the early stages of lytic infection. This paper describes the relationship between HSV-1 genomes and ND10 in human fibroblasts that maintain the viral genomes in a quiescent state. We report that quiescent HSV-1 genomes detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are associated with enlarged ND10-like structures, frequently such that the FISH-defined viral foci are apparently enveloped within a sphere of PML and other ND10 proteins. The number of FISH viral foci in each quiescently infected cell is concordant with the input multiplicity of infection, with each structure containing no more than a small number of viral genomes. A proportion of the enlarged ND10-like foci in quiescently infected cells contain accumulations of the heterochromatin protein HP1 but not other common markers of heterochromatin such as histone H3 di- or trimethylated on lysine residue 9. Many of the virally induced enlarged ND10-like structures also contain concentrations of conjugated ubiquitin. Quiescent infections can be established in cells that are highly depleted for PML. However, during the initial stages of establishment of a quiescent infection in such cells, other ND10 proteins (Sp100, hDaxx, and ATRX) are recruited into virally induced foci that are likely to be associated with HSV-1 genomes. These observations illustrate that the intimate connections between HSV-1 genomes and ND10 that occur during lytic infection also extend to quiescent infections.
High-Frequency Reversion of Geminivirus Replication Protein Mutants during Infection
Authors: Arguello-Astorga Gerardo , Ascencio-Ibáñez J. Trinidad , Dallas Mary Beth , Orozco Beverly M. , Hanley-Bowdoin Linda 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

The geminivirus replication protein AL1 interacts with retinoblastoma-related protein (RBR), a key regulator of the plant division cell cycle, to induce conditions permissive for viral DNA replication. Previous studies of tomato golden mosaic virus (TGMV) AL1 showed that amino acid L148 in the conserved helix 4 motif is critical for RBR binding. In this work, we examined the effect of an L148V mutation on TGMV replication in tobacco cells and during infection of
Nicotiana benthamiana
plants. The L148V mutant replicated 100 times less efficiently than wild-type TGMV in protoplasts but produced severe symptoms that were delayed compared to those of wild-type infection in plants. Analysis of progeny viruses revealed that the L148V mutation reverted at 100% frequency in planta to methionine, leucine, isoleucine, or a second-site mutation depending on the valine codon in the initial DNA sequence. Similar results were seen with another geminivirus, cabbage leaf curl virus (CaLCuV), carrying an L145A mutation in the equivalent residue. Valine was the predominant amino acid recovered from
N. benthamiana
plants inoculated with the CaLCuV L145A mutant, while threonine was the major residue in
Arabidopsis thaliana
plants. Together, these data demonstrated that there is strong selection for reversion of the TGMV L148V and CaLCuV L145A mutations but that the nature of the selected revertants is influenced by both the viral background and host components. These data also suggested that high mutation rates contribute to the rapid evolution of geminivirus genomes in plants.
Assembly of Hepatitis B Virus Envelope Proteins onto a Lentivirus Pseudotype That Infects Primary Human Hepatocytes
Authors: Chai Ning , Chang Ho Eun , Nicolas Emmanuelle , Gudima Severin , Chang Jinhong , Taylor John 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
This study demonstrates that the envelope proteins of hepatitis B virus (HBV) could be incorporated into the lipid membrane of lentivirus pseudotype particles. The assembly procedure was initiated by the transfection of 293T cells with three plasmids: (i) a human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) packaging construct, (ii) a transfer plasmid expressing a reporter gene, and (iii) a plasmid expressing large (L), middle (M), and small (S) HBV envelope proteins. After 2 days, hepatitis B surface antigen and the antigenic forms of L, M, and S were detected at the cell surface by flow cytometry. Also, virus particles that were able to infect cultured primary human hepatocytes (PHH) were released. Under optimal conditions, 50% of PHH could be infected. In addition, the susceptibility of PHH and the resistance of other cell types to the pseudotype particles were similar to those observed for HBV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV), which shares the same L, M, and S. Furthermore, the infection of PHH by the pseudotype was sensitive to known inhibitors of HBV and HDV entry. These findings of specific and efficient infection of hepatocytes could be applicable to liver-specific gene therapy and may help clarify the attachment and entry mechanism used by HBV and HDV.
The Poly(A) Binding Protein Is Internalized in Virus-Induced Vesicles or Redistributed to the Nucleolus during Turnip Mosaic Virus Infection
Authors: Beauchemin Chantal , Laliberté Jean-François 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Poly(A) binding protein 2 (PABP2) of
Arabidopsis thaliana
was previously shown to interact with VPg-Pro of turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and may consequently play an important role during infection. Subcellular fractionation experiments revealed that PABP2 was predominantly a cytoplasmic soluble protein in healthy plants. However, in TuMV-infected plants, a subpopulation of PABP2 was membrane associated or was localized in the nucleus. Confocal microscopy experiments indicated that PABP2 was partially retargeted to the nucleolus in the presence of TuMV VPg-Pro. In addition, the membrane association of PABP2 during TuMV infection resulted from the internalization of the host protein in 6K-VPg-Pro-induced vesicles, as shown by a combination of confocal microscopy and sucrose gradient fractionation experiments. This redistribution of an important translation initiation factor to the nucleolus and to membrane structure likely underlies two important processes of the TuMV replication cycle.
Enhancement of Murine Coronavirus Replication by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Protein 6 Requires the N-Terminal Hydrophobic Region but Not C-Terminal Sorting Motifs
Authors: Netland Jason , Ferraro Debra , Pewe Lecia , Olivares Heidi , Gallagher Thomas , Perlman Stanley 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus encodes several accessory proteins of unknown function. We previously showed that one such protein, encoded by ORF6, enhanced the growth of mouse hepatitis virus in tissue culture cells and in mice. Protein 6 consists of an N-terminal hydrophobic peptide and a C-terminal region containing intracellular protein sorting motifs. Herein, we show that mutation of the hydrophobic region but not the sorting motifs affected the ability of protein 6 to enhance virus growth. Collectively, these results support the notion that the 6 protein interacts with membrane-bound viral replication or assembly machinery to directly enhance virus replication and virulence in animals.
Mapping and Characterization of the Primary and Anamnestic H-2
d
-Restricted Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response in Mice against Human Metapneumovirus
Authors: Melendi Guillermina A. , Zavala Fidel , Buchholz Ursula J. , Boivin Guy , Collins Peter L. , Kleeberger Steven R. , Polack Fernando P. 
Published: August 2007

ABSTRACT

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) are important for the control of virus replication during respiratory infections. For human metapneumovirus (hMPV), an H-2
d
-restricted CTL epitope in the M2-2 protein has been described. In this study, we screened the hMPV F, G, N, M, M2-1, and M2-2 proteins using three independent algorithms to predict H-2
d
CTL epitopes in BALB/c mice. A dominant epitope (GYIDDNQSI) in positions 81 to 89 of the antitermination factor M2-1 and a subdominant epitope (SPKAGLLSL) in N
307-315
were detected during the anti-hMPV CTL response. Passive transfer of CD8
+
T-cell lines against M2-1
81-89
and N
307-315
protected Rag1
−/−
mice against hMPV challenge. Interestingly, diversification of CTL targets to include multiple epitopes was observed after repetitive infections. A subdominant response against the previously described M2-2 epitope was detected after the third infection. An understanding of the CTL response against hMPV is important for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies against the virus.
Design and Fabrication of pH Sensitive Field-Effect Transistor for Microfluidics with an Integral Reference Electrode
Authors: Polk Brian J. 
Published: August 2007

Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) systems might enjoy more widespread commercialization if reliable and accurate electronic chemical sensors are more closely integrated with the microfluidic networks. In this work, an ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) and an Ag/AgCl quasi-reference electrode were integrated with a polymeric surface-mounted microfluidic network in order to demonstrate electrochemical measurement of pH in the planar microfluidic format. The gate insulator of the n-type ISFET was an silicon oxide / silicon nitride stack (85 nm / 38 nm). At steady-state, the drain-to-reference voltage gave linear calibrations for flowing buffer solutions from pH 3 to pH 11 of approximately 63 mV per pH unit.	The device was observed to be temperature sensitive; however step changes in pH as small as 0.26 pH unit were clearly resolved by the ISFET. The ISFET was shown to be a viable all-electronic pH sensor for planar microfluidics.
Heavy Metal Transfer Across an Interface Model System Assisted by Diazadibenzocrown Ethers
Authors: Velazquez-Manzanares Miguel , Guerrero-Trejo Gabriela , Aguilar Julio C. , Amador-Hernández Judith 
Published: August 2007

Two diazadibenzocrown ethers (4,10-diazadibenzo-18-crown-6 and 4,10-diazadi(4'-tert-butylbenzo)-18-crown-6) have been studied as Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ carriers across the interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions by cyclic and square wave voltammetry. These two ionophores were useful in assisting Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ transfer across the water/1,2- dichloroethane interface in reversible ion transfer processes. The facilitated transport of Pb2+ across this interface is easier than the transfer of the other two metal ions studied regarding the energetic of the two different ionophore facilitated processes.	These properties make possible to use these hydrophobic ligands as extractants in solvent extraction systems as well as to mimicking the heavy metal transfer across biological membranes.