bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of coupling technique for LBM and FEM for FSI application
Authors: Kwon Y.W. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo develop a technique to couple the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) and the finite element method (FEM) to solve fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problems.Design/methodology/approachThe FEM was applied to structural analysis while the LBM was applied to fluid flow analysis. The two techniques were coupled in a staggered manner through interface boundary conditions.FindingsIn order to demonstrate the developed coupling technique, various FSI examples were analyzed and presented. The coupling technique was useful to solve FSI problems.Originality/valueTo the best knowledge of the author, there have been few efforts to couple the two techniques to solve the fluid and flexible structure interaction problems.
Numerical simulation and optimization on heat transfer and fluid flow in cooling channel of liquid rocket engine thrust chamber
Authors: Wang Qiuwang , Wu Feng , Zeng Min , Luo Laiqin , Sun Jiguo 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo find the optimal number of channels of rocket engine thrust chamber, it was found that the optimal channel number is 335, at which the cooling effect of the thrust chamber cooling channel reaches the best, which can be helpful to design rocket engine thrust chamber.Design/methodology/approachThe commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENT with standard k‐ε turbulent model was used. The CFD method was validated via comparing with the available experimental data.FindingsIt was found that both the highest temperature and the maximal heat flux through the wall on the hot‐gas side occurs about the throat region at the symmetrical center of the cooling channel. Owing to the strong curvature of the cooling channel geometry, the secondary flow reached its strongest level around the throat region. The typical values of pressure drop and temperature difference between the inlet and exit of cooling channel were 2.7 MPa and 67.38 K (standard case), respectively. Besides an optimal number of channels exist, and it is approximately 335, which can make the effect of heat transfer of cooling channels best with acceptable pressure drop. As a whole, the present study gives some useful information to the thermal design of liquid rocket engine thrust chamber.Research limitations/implicationsMore detailed computation and optimization should be performed for the fluid flow and heat transfer of cooling channel.Practical implicationsA very useful optimization on heat transfer and fluid flow in cooling channel of liquid rocket engine thrust chamber.Originality/valueThis paper provides the performance of optimization on heat transfer and fluid flow in cooling channel of liquid rocket engine thrust chamber, which can make the effect of heat transfer of cooling channels best with acceptable pressure drop. As a whole, the present study gives some useful information to the thermal design of liquid rocket engine thrust chamber.
FEM simulation of non‐stationary incompressible viscous fluids
Authors: Tralli Aldo , Gaudenzi Paolo 
Published: January 2007

PurposeTo present a numerical method for the solution of the unsteady incompressible Navier‐Stokes equations in a generic setting.Design/methodology/approachThe equations are discretized in space by the finite element method, and in time by a semi‐implicit finite difference scheme, using a fractional‐step method to enforce incompressibility.FindingsThe presented results demonstrate the satisfactory accuracy of the method in the simulation of vortical flows in laminar regime and the stability of the solution in presence of a strong boundary layer.Originality/valueThe successful integration of the CFD into the industrial design depends on its capability to produce accurate and reliable simulations of real life applications. These considerations drive the development of the proposed method: it can be used in conjunction with finite elements of any order of accuracy, providing accurate and numerically stable results for complex flows. Moreover, the computational requirements are low when compared with other similar strategies.
Evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil deposits using artificial neural networks
Authors: Hanna Adel M. , Ural Derin , Saygili Gokhan 
Published: January 2007

PurposeIn the literature, several empirical methods can be found to predict the occurrence of nonlinear soil liquefaction in soil layers. These methods are limited to the seismic conditions and the parameters used in developing the model. This paper seeks to present General Regression Neural Network (GRNN) model that addresses the collective knowledge built in simplified procedure.Design/methodology/approachThe GRNN model incorporates the soil and seismic parameters of the region. It was developed in four phases; identification, collection, implementation, and verification. The data used consisted of 3,895 case records, mostly from the cone penetration test (CPT) results produced from the two major earthquakes that took place in Turkey and Taiwan in 1999. The case records were divided randomly into training, testing and validation datasets. Soil liquefaction decision in terms of seismic demand and seismic capacity is determined by the stress‐based method and strain‐based method, and further tested with the well‐known Chinese criteria.FindingsThe results produced by the proposed GRNN model explore effectively the complex relationship between the soil and seismic input parameters and further forecast the liquefaction potential with an overall success ratio of 94 percent. Liquefaction decisions were further validated by the SPT, confirming the viability of the SPT‐to‐CPT data conversion, which is the main limitation of most of the simplified methods.Originality/valueThe proposed GRNN model provides a viable tool to geotechnical engineers to predict seismic condition in sites susceptible to liquefaction. The model can be constantly updated when new data are available, which will improve its predictability.
Large deflections of laminated beams with interlayer slips
Authors: Krawczyk P. , Frey F. , Zieliński A.P. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper aims to present development of a layer‐wise (LW) beam model for geometric nonlinear finite element analysis of laminated beams with partial layer interaction.Design/methodology/approachThe model is built assuming first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) at layer level and moderate interlayer slips. LW kinematic, strain and stress fields are established in view of co‐rotational finite element formulation. Laminated beam equilibrium relations are developed in strong, weak and matrix form. A notion of interface shear stress is used to define layer interactions.FindingsThrough suitable choice of kinematic model the co‐rotational approach is shown to provide means of obtaining robust finite element formulation for geometric nonlinear analysis of laminated structures with interlayer slips.Research limitations/implicationsThe proposed model is dedicated to geometric nonlinear finite element analysis of laminated beams undergoing large planar displacements, subject to small strains and moderate interlayer slips.Originality/valueNovelty of the proposed approach is based on encompassing shear deformations in geometric nonlinear analysis of laminated beams with interlayer slips. Arbitrary number of layers is considered.
An overview of the first 21 years of research in the International Marketing Review, 1983‐2003
Authors: Malhotra Naresh K. , Wu Lan , Whitelock Jeryl 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to summarize the output and content of International Marketing Review (IMR) during its first 21 years.Design/methodology/approachThe output of IMR is first analysed to measure its stability and maturity. The focus is then shifted to the content of articles published in IMR, followed by a detailed analysis of authorship.FindingsIn terms of output, IMR exhibits the characteristics of a stable and mature journal. Articles cover a wide range of topics within the international marketing domain. Authorship analysis reveals that the top contributors to IMR are also the top contributors to other high‐ranking marketing journals. IMR has become a leading journal in the field.Practical implicationsTo maintain its competitive edge, IMR must continue to identify, define, and shape research developments in international marketing.Originality/valueA first analysis of the content of the first 21 years of IMR.
International strategic alliance relationships within the foreign investment decision process
Authors: Robson Matthew J. , Katsikeas Constantine S. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to develop and test a theoretical model of international strategic alliance (ISA) relationship development underpinned by the foreign investment decision process.Design/methodology/approachThe conceptual model demonstrates an ISA investment decision process consisting of three ex ante formation aspects – parent firm top management's general attitude towards alliances, scope of parent's cooperation analysis for the focal alliance, and interfirm collaborative history – and two key ex post relational outcomes – parent's willingness to invest in the alliance business and satisfaction with the relationship. The theoretical propositions were tested among a sample of 94 ISAs using structural equation modelling.FindingsThe results show that top management attitude towards alliances is negatively associated with scope of cooperation analysis, but only where collaborative history exists. Scope of cooperation analysis, in turn, positively influences willingness to invest. And together these factors exert a positive influence on relationship satisfaction.Originality/valueThe ISA literature has devoted significant attention to partner characteristics important in venture formation, as well as to post‐formation partnership management issues. However, there is a dearth of empirical research explaining the role of venture formation aspects in influencing ISA relationship development and success. The study adds to the limited empirical research work on the role of venture formation aspects in influencing ISA relationship development and success. It provides new and detailed insights for business practitioners and academic researchers concerning the behavioural, decision process underlying ISA partnership progression.
The dynamics of global e‐commerce: an organizational ecology perspective
Authors: Javalgi Rajshekhar (Raj) G. , Todd Patricia R. , Scherer Robert F. 
Published: January 2007

PurposeA classical model of organizational ecology dynamics which is utilized to characterize an ecosystem called the internet is proposed and a parallel is drawn between the population ecology model and the current global e‐commerce environment.Design/methodology/approachSurvivorship theory is applied to global e‐commerce. The Verhulst‐Pearl logistic equation can be used to describe the inhibition of growth within an ecosystem. The approach is to apply the Verhulst‐Pearl logistic equation to describe international growth dynamics of the internet.FindingsWhen applying the Verhulst‐Pearl equation to the internet environment around the world, the number of domain names or host counts, the rate at which there is an increase or decrease in the number of domain names, and the availability of information technology infrastructure are all factors that are part of the equation. The model of population dynamics presented in our discussion lends itself to the description of the current pattern of growth within the internet environment.Practical implicationsThe application of population ecology to international growth dynamics describes the long‐term survival and differentiation strategies that impact success. The next evolution of firms on the internet, which may be the ultimate survivors, should follow the path characterized as low cost producers with a focus on meeting the needs of the consumers on the internet. An ecological approach allows managers to ascertain the effectiveness of their organizations in the internet environment and accordingly devise strategies to embrace changes and challenges of the global environment.Originality/valueThe population ecology conceptual framework offers promise for a more sophisticated and methodologically rigorous approach to future investigations by both researchers and practitioners. The operationalization of the organizational ecology model for application to the internet is an extension of the literature.
Antecedents to internet‐based purchasing: a multinational study
Authors: Kuhlmeier David , Knight Gary 
Published: January 2007

PurposeIn the growing field of electronic commerce there are various influences that can lead to online purchase decisions. An understanding of these influences can lead to greater electronic marketing effectiveness. The purpose of this article is to analyze and compare the effect of internet experience, proclivity of use, and perception of risk on the likelihood of purchasing online in three different countries.Design/methodology/approachThe empirical study includes a survey‐based design in which responses to a questionnaire completed by 492 multinational consumers are analyzed in structural equations modeling using LISREL.FindingsResults suggest a positive relationship between consumer usage and experience of the internet and the likelihood of making online purchases. There is further indication that the perceived risk of buying online has a negative effect on consumers' purchase likelihood. Moreover, perceived risk tends to partially mediate the relationships between internet usage and purchase likelihood, and between experience and purchase likelihood. Overall, results from a three‐country study indicate that extent of ongoing internet usage, long‐term experience, and perceived risk are important antecedents to purchasing goods via the internet.Originality/valueIn the growing field of electronic commerce there are various influences that can lead to online purchase decisions. The results suggest marketers should modify their e‐marketing strategies to address specific conditions in consumer behavior that arise at the cultural, socioeconomic, and other levels of individual countries. Differences in levels of experience in using the internet, proclivity to use the internet, and perceptions of risk regarding the internet, influence the likelihood to purchase goods online. Generally, managers should minimize the perception of risk that potential consumers feel online. Consumers in different countries process e‐commerce constructs differently, perhaps because of different rates of technology diffusion.
Has the medium (roast) become the message?
Authors: Low William , Davenport Eileen 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThis paper examines the ethics of marketing both fair trade products and the movement's message of change, as fair trade shifts from a distribution system that relied on alternative distribution channels to one that is increasingly reliant on the commercial mainstream. The marketing of fair trade through mainstream commercial distribution channels has been the major success and the major challenge for the fair trade movement over the past decade.Design/methodology/approachA conceptual approach and discussion are taken.FindingsFirst, we introduce the term “Clean‐wash” to describe a range of ways in which marketing fair trade through mainstream distribution channels creates opportunities for commercial businesses to appropriate and regulate the terrain. Second, the paper illustrates how mainstream marketing of fair trade has shifted the message of fair trade from participation in an international programme of trade reform to one about “shopping for a better world”. Finally, the paper explores a number of innovations the movement is using that protects the integrity of the principles of fair trade and sells both products and the message of change.Research limitations/implicationsInnovations discussed in the paper termed “the Alternative High Street”, see the merging of consumption with social action, and counter‐pose them with the mainstream idea of ethical consumerism. The concept of an Alternative High Street describes the fair trade movement's attempts to address the challenges and dangers of mainstreaming, and presents a way of thinking about the co‐creation of value between producers, retailers and consumers.Originality/valueThis paper will be of interest to marketing professionals and “values‐driven organisations”, providing a case study of how a seemingly highly successful brand marketing strategy may actually undermine the original ethical interest of a venture.
A cross‐cultural study of the role of religion in consumers' ethical positions
Authors: Cornwell Bettina , Chi Cui Charles , Mitchell Vince , Schlegelmilch Bodo , Dzulkiflee Anis , Chan Joseph 
Published: January 2007

PurposePrevious studies have looked at how socio‐economic and political factors play a role in consumers' ethical positions, but few have considered the role of religion which is a major driver of ethics. This paper seeks to address this.Design/methodology/approachFrom a survey of over 700 consumers this paper explores the similarities and differences between consumers' ethical positions in three different religions namely; Christian (from three countries), Islam, and Buddhism.FindingsIt was found that a reduced item scale measuring the two factors of Forsyth's idealism and relativism was applicable in all five religions, but variations were seen because of religious teachings. In particular, Austrian Christians were significantly less idealistic and relativistic than all other religions, even other Christians from the United States and Britain.Research limitations/implicationsThe results have implications for measuring ethical positions internationally and for developing ethically based marketing messages and products.Originality/valueThe paper shows for the first time how ethical positions are affected by religions and should be of interest to marketers involved in ethics research and ethical marketing.
International green marketing
Authors: Gurău Călin , Ranchhod Ashok 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe market of ecological products is growing exponentially at global level, however, there are very few studies focused on the international marketing strategies of eco‐firms. Seeks to address the issues.Design/methodology/approachOn the basis of the information collected during interviews conducted with six British and six Romanian eco‐firms with international activity, the main opportunities and challenges for international green marketing are identified and analysed.FindingsThe findings show important differences between the Romanian and the British firms, mainly determined by the level of development of their domestic market. The Romanian firms usually export ecological products using foreign agents, while the British firms sell internationally using their own brand name and attempting to control the foreign distribution channels. The similarity of the foreign market selection process applied by the UK eco‐firms has allowed the development of a tentative theoretical framework in the second part of the paper.Originality/valueThe paper provides insights into the issues surrounding the marketing of ecological products in the international marketplace.
The international e‐marketing framework (IEMF)
Authors: Krishnamurthy Sandeep , Singh Nitish 
Published: January 2007

PurposeInternational e‐marketing is emerging as an important area for marketers, as global online markets expand. This special issue is an attempt to encourage, showcase, and guide research in the area of international e‐marketing.Design/methodology/approachIn the editorial, Introduces the international e‐marketing framework (IEMF) as a guiding template for future research in international e‐marketing.FindingsThe IEMF should help shape scholarly inquiry in the domain of international e‐marketing, classify current intellectual contributions in this area and delineate the gaps in the literature.Originality/valueThe editorial presents the IEMF and classifies various papers in this issue using this framework. Finally, concludes with several compelling research questions to motivate future research in this area.
International e‐marketing: opportunities and issues
Authors: Sheth Jagdish N. , Sharma Arun 
Published: January 2007

PurposeE‐marketing is growing at a dramatic pace and is significantly impacting customer and business market behaviors. As a result, most firms have started developing e‐marketing strategies for the web. However, the evolution and strategic direction of e‐marketing strategies in international environments has not been discussed and is the focus of this paper.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the authors examine two issues based on extant literature and our previous research in this area. The authors discuss e‐marketing in an international context and develop a framework that will allow researchers and managers to understand the impact of country level effects on e‐marketing strategies. The paper proposes that the evolution of e‐marketing strategies is based on the countries infrastructure and marketing institutional development.FindingsIt is found that international e‐marketing strategies are fundamentally changing, and will continue to change, marketing thought and practice in international markets. The paper suggests that the e‐markets of tomorrow may have little resemblance to the markets of today.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper suggests that additional conceptual and methodological research is required in this area. Propositions are derived that will provide directions for future research.Practical implicationsFirms need to better monitor their international environments to determine the type of strategy that they need to follow. The proposed strategies are – brick and click strategies, digitization, disintermediation, buying groups and alternative infrastructure, firm driven e‐marketing strategies, and corporate exchanges.Originality/valueThis paper is the first attempt to examine the relationship between a country's infrastructure, marketing institutions and the appropriate e‐marketing strategies.
An analysis of the factors affecting the adoption of electronic commerce by SMEs
Authors: Kaynak Erdener , Tatoglu Ekrem , Kula Veysel 
Published: January 2007

PurposeThe study investigates the internet‐based electronic commerce (EC) adoption profile of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) in Turkey as well as the factors affecting their willingness to adopt EC usage.Design/methodology/approachEC adoption is measured by a composite index of the usage frequency of 14 EC application tools. The study draws on the data obtained from a sample of 237 manufacturing SMEs with internet connection.FindingsIn was discovered that EC adoption was significantly influenced by its perceived benefits. However, the perceived limitations of EC applications were found to have no statistically significant effect on EC adoption. The analysis also showed that company and industry‐specific factors, with the exception of amount of resources allocated for export development, did not appear to have any significant impact on EC adoption.Research limitations/implicationsMore efforts have to be made to remove or at least mitigate the impediments to a SME's willingness to adopt EC. The results of this study show that the lack of legal regulations is cited as one of the most serious limitations of EC and hence EC is rarely used for payment purposes. One of the most vivid implications of internet‐based EC for SMEs is the potential for external communication and information gathering for market and product research.Originality/valueThis study is significant for two reasons. First, it presents new data and insights into the internet‐based EC adoption of SMEs. Second, this study focuses on a relatively unexplored research area in an emerging market – Turkish SMEs.