bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Herbivorous fish feeding dynamics and energy expenditure on a coral reef: Insights from stereo‐video and AI‐driven 3D tracking
Authors: Lilkendey Julian , Barrelet Cyril , Zhang Jingjing , Meares Michael , Larbi Houssam , Subsol Gérard , Chaumont Marc , Sabetian Armagan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnveiling the intricate relationships between animal movement ecology, feeding behavior, and internal energy budgeting is crucial for a comprehensive understanding of ecosystem functioning, especially on coral reefs under significant anthropogenic stress. Here, herbivorous fishes play a vital role as mediators between algae growth and coral recruitment. Our research examines the feeding preferences, bite rates, inter‐bite distances, and foraging energy expenditure of the Brown surgeonfish (Acanthurus nigrofuscus) and the Yellowtail tang (Zebrasoma xanthurum) within the fish community on a Red Sea coral reef. To this end, we used advanced methods such as remote underwater stereo‐video, AI‐driven object recognition, species classification, and 3D tracking. Despite their comparatively low biomass, the two surgeonfish species significantly influence grazing pressure on the studied coral reef. A. nigrofuscus exhibits specialized feeding preferences and Z. xanthurum a more generalist approach, highlighting niche differentiation and their importance in maintaining reef ecosystem balance. Despite these differences in their foraging strategies, on a population level, both species achieve a similar level of energy efficiency. This study highlights the transformative potential of cutting‐edge technologies in revealing the functional feeding traits and energy utilization of keystone species. It facilitates the detailed mapping of energy seascapes, guiding targeted conservation efforts to enhance ecosystem health and biodiversity.
Remote sensing and spectroscopy of lichens
Authors: Rautiainen Miina , Kuusinen Nea , Majasalmi Titta 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLichens are combinations of two symbiotic organisms, a green alga or cyanobacterium and a fungus. They grow in nearly all terrestrial ecosystems and survive in habitats, which are very dry or cold, or too poor in nutrients to maintain vegetation growth. Because lichens grow on visible surfaces and exhibit spectral properties, which are clearly different from, for example, vegetation, it is possible to distinguish them in remote sensing data. In this first systematic review article on remote sensing of lichens, we analyze and summarize which lichen species or genera, and in which habitats and geographical regions, have been remotely sensed, and which remote sensing or spectroscopic technologies have been used. We found that laboratory or in situ measured spectra of over 70 lichen species have been reported to date. We show that studies on remote sensing of lichens fall under seven broad themes: (1) collection of lichen spectra for quantification of lichen species or characteristics, (2) pollution monitoring with lichens as ecological indicators, (3) geological and lithological mapping, (4) desert and dryland monitoring, (5) animal habitat monitoring, (6) land cover or vegetation mapping, and (7) surface energy budget modeling.
Research on deformation characteristics and control technology of surrounding rock for gob‐side entry with small coal pillar in gently inclined coal seam
Authors: Wang Beifang , Zhou Duo , Zhang Jing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the engineering background of the gob‐side entry of panel SA1104 in Heiyanquan Coal Mine, the deformation characteristics and control technology of the surrounding rock for gob‐side entry with small pillar in gently inclined coal seam have been studied by field observation, numerical simulation, and theoretical analysis. The study show that: (1) The surrounding rock has obvious asymmetric deformation characteristics, the roof subsidence on the solid coal side is larger than that on the small coal pillar side; the deformation of small coal pillar side rib is more significant than that of the solid coal side rib, which is concentrated in the middle and upper part, and slip deformation occurs at the upper sharp corner; the middle part of solid coal side rib exhibits prominent deformation; and floor heave is shifted to the small coal pillar side. (2) The stress concentration zone on the small coal pillar side is located 1.9 m from the high rib, while the stress concentration zone on the solid coal side is located 4.1 m from the low rib. The difference in the rib‐to‐rib peak stress is 4.2 MPa, and the stress concentration on the solid coal side is larger than that on the small coal pillar side. (3) Poor physical and mechanical properties of the surrounding rock, high in‐situ stress, and high deterioration degree of the surrounding rock structure are the main internal causes of the entry deformation; strong mining disturbance, arbitrary support parameters, and large section sizes are the main external causes of the entry deformation. (4) The asymmetric combined support program is proposed, featuring “non‐equidistant cable + inclined bolt on the roof, bolt extension + cable supplement on the small coal pillar side rib, and bolt encryption on the solid coal side rib”, and it had a positive on‐site application effect.
Effect of partial mutton meat substitution with Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) flour on physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation, and sensory acceptability of low‐fat patties
Authors: Ramatsetse Kgaogelo Edwin , Ramashia Shonisani Eugenia , Mashau Mpho Edward 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHealth concerns regarding fat consumption, as well as shifts in customer preference, have prompted substantial studies into low‐fat products. This study examined the nutritional, color, functional, and antioxidant properties of Bambara groundnut (BGN) flour varieties (cream, brown, and red‐coated) grains as well as their influence on the physicochemical properties, lipid oxidation, and sensory acceptability of low‐fat mutton patties. The patties were formulated with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10% of BGN flour for each variety, and 100% mutton patties were used as a control. The BGN flours showed significant (p < .05) differences in their nutritional composition (except for ash content), color, functional (excluding emulsion stability), and antioxidant properties. The increase in the percentage of substitution of BGN flours significantly increased the fiber (0.00% to 0.79%), ash (1.16% to 1.99%), and carbohydrates (2.14% to 1.99%) contents of the formulated mutton patties. However, moisture and protein contents decreased. The cooking yield of the formulated patties significantly increased with the increase in the percentage substitution of BGN flours (2.5%–10%), with values ranging from 76.39% to 86.80%, but the diameter reduction was limited. The increase in the inclusion of BGN flours significantly increased the lightness, hue angle, color difference, and whiteness of patties. Nevertheless, the redness, yellowness, chroma, and yellowness index of the patties decreased. The hardness and resilience of formulated patties significantly increased, with values varying from 16.41 to 17.66 N, and from 0.35 to 0.48 J/J, respectively, whereas the springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness decreased. The lipid oxidation of formulated mutton patties significantly increased from Days 7 to 21, but was still less than that of the control sample within storage days. The sensory properties of formulated patties were not significantly different from the control sample and were above the acceptable score of five. All BGN varieties had positive effects on the mutton patties, more especially red, followed by brown, and cream, respectively. The inclusion of a 10% red BGN flour variety is highly recommended due to its significant impact on mutton patties. Nevertheless, different types of BGN varieties can each be used as additives in mutton patties without having detrimental effects on the quality parameters of the patties.
Neuroscience meets behavior: A systematic literature review on magnetic resonance imaging of the brain combined with real‐world digital phenotyping
Authors: Triana Ana María , Saramäki Jari , Glerean Enrico , Hayward Nicholas Mark Edward Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA primary goal of neuroscience is to understand the relationship between the brain and behavior. While magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examines brain structure and function under controlled conditions, digital phenotyping via portable automatic devices (PAD) quantifies behavior in real‐world settings. Combining these two technologies may bridge the gap between brain imaging, physiology, and real‐time behavior, enhancing the generalizability of laboratory and clinical findings. However, the use of MRI and data from PADs outside the MRI scanner remains underexplored. Herein, we present a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analysis systematic literature review that identifies and analyzes the current state of research on the integration of brain MRI and PADs. PubMed and Scopus were automatically searched using keywords covering various MRI techniques and PADs. Abstracts were screened to only include articles that collected MRI brain data and PAD data outside the laboratory environment. Full‐text screening was then conducted to ensure included articles combined quantitative data from MRI with data from PADs, yielding 94 selected papers for a total of N = 14,778 subjects. Results were reported as cross‐frequency tables between brain imaging and behavior sampling methods and patterns were identified through network analysis. Furthermore, brain maps reported in the studies were synthesized according to the measurement modalities that were used. Results demonstrate the feasibility of integrating MRI and PADs across various study designs, patient and control populations, and age groups. The majority of published literature combines functional, T1‐weighted, and diffusion weighted MRI with physical activity sensors, ecological momentary assessment via PADs, and sleep. The literature further highlights specific brain regions frequently correlated with distinct MRI‐PAD combinations. These combinations enable in‐depth studies on how physiology, brain function and behavior influence each other. Our review highlights the potential for constructing brain–behavior models that extend beyond the scanner and into real‐world contexts.
Motor mapping of the hand muscles using peripheral innervation‐based navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation to identify functional reorganization of primary motor regions in malignant tumors
Authors: Zhang Haosu , Zhang Wei , Ohlerth Ann‐Katrin , Schwendner Maximilian , Schröder Axel , Meyer Bernhard , Krieg Sandro M. , Ille Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTumor‐related motor reorganization remains unclear. Navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS) can investigate plasticity non‐invasively. nTMS‐induced motor‐evoked potentials (MEPs) of different muscles are commonly used to measure the center of gravity (CoG), the location with the highest density of corticospinal neurons in the precentral gyrus. We hypothesized that a peripheral innervation‐based MEP analysis could outline the tumor‐induced motor reorganization with a higher clinical and oncological relevance. Then, 21 patients harboring tumors inside the left corticospinal tract (CST) or precentral gyrus were enrolled in group one (G1), and 24 patients with tumors outside the left CST or precentral gyrus were enrolled in Group 2 (G2). Median‐ and ulnar‐nerve‐based MEP analysis combined with diffusion tensor imaging fiber tracking was used to explore motor function distribution. There was no significant difference in CoGs or size of motor regions and underlying tracts between G1 and G2. However, G1 involved a sparser distribution of motor regions and more motor‐positive sites in the supramarginal gyrus—tumors inside motor areas induced motor reorganization. We propose an “anchor‐and‐ship theory” hypothesis for this process of motor reorganization: motor CoGs are stably located in the cortical projection area of the CST, like a seated anchor, as the core area for motor output. Primary motor regions can relocate to nearby gyri via synaptic plasticity and association fibers, like a ship moving around its anchor. This principle can anticipate functional reorganization and be used as a neuro‐oncological tool for local therapy, such as radiotherapy or surgery.
The impact of COVID‐19 and vaccination status on outcomes in veterans with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Johns James D. , Choe Erica J. , Chisolm Paul F. , Pothast Morgan J. , Randolph Jackson R. , Chou Jiling , Maxwell Jessica H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe impact of both COVID‐19 infection and vaccination status on patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains unknown.ObjectiveTo determine the impact of COVID‐19 infection and vaccination status on 60‐day mortality, cardiovascular, and respiratory complications in patients with a prior diagnosis of HNSCC.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study through the Veterans Affairs (VA) Corporate Data Warehouse of Veterans with HNSCC who were tested for COVID‐19 during any inpatient VA medical center admission. A cohort of patients was created of Veterans with a diagnosis of HNSCC of the oral cavity,oropharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, and nasopharynx based on International Classification of Disease (ICD) codes. Data collected included clinical/demographic data, vaccination status, and incidence of 60‐day mortality, 60‐day cardiovascular complication (including myocardial infarction, venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular accident), and 60‐day respiratory complication (including acute respiratory failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and pneumonia). The interactions between COVID‐19 infection, vaccination status, morbidity and mortality were investigated.ResultsOf the 14 262 patients with HNSCC who were tested for COVID‐19 during inpatient admission, 4754 tested positive (33.3%), and 9508 (67.7%) tested negative. Patients who tested positive demonstrated increased 60‐day mortality (4.7% vs. 2.0%, respectively; p < 0.001), acute respiratory failure (ARF; 15.4% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.001), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS; 0.9% vs. 0.2%, p < 0.001), and pneumonia (PNA; 20.0% vs. 6.4%, p < 0.001) compared to those who never tested positive, respectively. Patients who received COVID‐19 vaccination between 2 weeks and 6 months prior to a positive test demonstrated decreased rates of ARF (13.2% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.034) and PNA (16.7% vs. 20.9%, p = 0.003) compared to the unvaccinated group. A logistic regression of patients with COVID‐19 infections who died within 60 days was performed, with no significant survival advantage among patients vaccinated between 2 weeks and 6 months prior to the positive test.ConclusionCOVID‐19 infection may significantly increase rates of 60‐day mortality and respiratory complications in patients with HNSCC. COVID‐19 vaccination between 2 weeks and 6 months prior to infection may decrease severity of respiratory complications but did not show significant mortality benefits in this study. These data highlight the need for surveillance of respiratory infection and vaccination in this vulnerable population.
Evolution of the Manufacturing Route towards a Key Benzothiophen‐2‐yl‐Boronic Acid Building Block of Rogaratinib
Authors: Gries Jörg , Platzek Johannes , Paulsen Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe evolution of the synthesis of a benzothiophene‐2‐yl‐boronic acid ‐ a key building block for the anti‐cancer agent Rogaratinib ‐ is reported from multi‐gram scale to industrialization. The pitfalls and learnings during process development are outlined, describing the optimization of the initial research synthesis route, investigation of an alternative approach based on a palladium‐catalyzed Newman‐Kwart rearrangement and finally changing the synthetic strategy from thiophene‐construction to benzene‐ring formation. Although the initial route was utilized to deliver material on kg‐scale, the requirements for market‐supply triggered the decision to pursue a new synthetic route. Catalyst costs, high purity‐requirements, and not the least technical practicality caused the change to a synthesis with indeed higher step‐count. However, this could be mitigated by repeated application of a telescoping approach. The free boronic acid was finally selected and manufactured as a stable isolated intermediate after challenges like proto‐deboronation and trimerization to boroxine upon drying could be solved by an optimized crystallization procedure.
Thermal hydraulic performance of a tubular heat exchanger with in‐line perforated baffle with shutter type saw tooth turbulator
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis experimental investigation aimed to analyze the impact of a unique design of swirl generator airflow on the performance of a tubular heat exchanger operating with axial flow. To conduct the experiment, we utilized a custom‐built apparatus containing eight sawtooth air deflectors with differing space height ratios (e/h). These deflectors were oriented in a uniform manner (shutter type) and positioned at various inclination angles. Circular baffle plates, housing these deflectors, were equidistantly spaced at different pitch ratios. The arrangement of tubes within the heat exchanger remained constant throughout the study, while the Reynolds number ranged from 16,000 to 30,000. In addition, a consistent heat flux condition was maintained on the surface of the tubes. The research outcomes indicated that incorporating a deflector baffle plate with an inclination angle of 30°, an e/h ratio of 0.4, and a pitch ratio of 1.2 led to an average increase of 1.36 in the thermal enhancement factor when compared to a heat exchanger lacking a baffle plate, tested under similar conditions.
Tracing water resources flows by complementary use of hydrological and water accounting models
Authors: Mohammadi Khouzani Najmeh , Ahmadi Azadeh , Yousefi Ali , Abbaspour Karim C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHistorically, there has been a dispute over water allocation between users and policymakers in Iran's Zayandeh‐Roud Basin (ZRB). In this study, we used the “System of Environmental‐Economic Accounting for Water” (SEEAW) framework in combination with the hydrologic model “Soil and Water Assessment Tool” (SWAT) to achieve the water balance in ZRB. We used SEEAW to combine a wide range of water‐related statistics across stakeholders and SWAT to evaluate the unknown agricultural water use. The SWAT model is calibrated based on the stream flows and crop yields in the basin. The model assess the renewable water of the basin into two components, about 363 and 70 mm as green and blue water, respectively. Also results from the physical water supply and water use tables demonstrates that the agricultural sector uses 78% of the total renewable freshwater, followed by the residential, 16%, and the industrial sector, 6%. The flows of water from source to services in ZRB are traced based on the water supply and water use tables. The flow diagram shows that 8 MCM of industrial reused water was transferred to the agricultural sector, and 137 MCM and 18 MCM of water from the wastewater treatment plants to the agricultural and industrial sectors, respectively. Furthermore, the results show that the index of the basin dependence on groundwater resources is high (61%), the value of water stress is high (0.88) and the dependence of the basin on transboundary water resources is 30%. Therefore, this method is highly beneficial for achieving a conceptual water balance in disputed basins without enough agricultural water uses data.
Spatial variability and forecast of soil water in the ultra‐deep loess profile across a south–north transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau
Authors: Gong Tiexiong , Zhu Yuanjun , Qiao Jiangbo , Shao Ming'an 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKnowledge of the spatial variability and forecast of soil water in the ultra‐deep (>21 m) loess profile are important for understanding the chemical, physical, and biological processes in the CZ. In this study, we regularly monitor soil water content (SWC) in deep soil profile along regional transect on the Loess Plateau. Descriptive statistical analysis found that the coefficient of variation (CV) of mean SWC in Ansai and Shenmu were 16.036% and 13.606%, respectively, indicating moderate variability. The CV of mean SWC in Yangling, Changwu, and Fuxian were 4.111%, 7.951%, and 6.117%, respectively, showing low variability. Geo‐statistical analysis indicated that mean SWC showed strong spatial dependence. Wavelet analysis showed that the approximative trend of mean SWC in five sampling sites showed an increased trend along depth series. In addition, a good fit line equation (R2 = 0.329) was established by using observed values and ANN‐forecast of three sites (Yangling, Fuxian, and Shenmu). And the RMSE values of five sample sites, respectively, were 1.302, 4.546, 2.662, 6.231, and 4.293. This study fills the gap in research' ultra‐deep (>21 m) soil water changes and forecast, evidence from soil borehole data. At the same time, our research provides valuable information for the vegetation restoration and modelling of deep soil water.
How still? Parent–infant interaction during the still‐face and later infant attachment
Authors: Ahn Yeojin A. , Martin Katherine , Prince Emily B. , Chow Sy‐Miin , Cohn Jeffrey F. , Wang Jue , Simpson Elizabeth A. , Messinger Daniel S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the still‐face episode of the Face‐to‐Face/Still‐Face (FFSF), parents are asked to become unresponsive. However, infant–parent interaction may be irrepressible, and there is some evidence that interaction during the still‐face is associated with attachment outcome. To explore these questions, we independently coded the continuous affective valence (negative to positive) of seventy‐three 6‐month‐old infants (45 males; 36 Hispanic/Latinx; 38 White, 3 Black/African‐American, 2 Asian, 30 multiracial) and their parents (Mage = 36 years; 5 males; 30 Hispanic/Latinx; 65 White, 3 Black/African‐American, 2 Asian, 2 unknown) during the FFSF and assessed attachment at 15 months with the Strange Situation Procedure (n = 66). There was a mean positive correlation between moment‐to‐moment parent and infant affective valence, indicating synchronous affective interaction during the still‐face (d = 0.63). Higher levels of affect interaction during the still‐face episode were detected in infants later classified as disorganised compared to securely attached (d = 0.97). Findings underscore the importance of testing for still‐face interaction and suggest that this interaction may be an unappreciated predictor of infant attachment outcomes.