bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE VALIDITY OF THE CALCULATION OF SECRETION RATES FROM THE SPECIFIC ACTIVITY OF A URINARY METABOLITE
Authors: Laumas K. R. , Tait J. F.. , Tait S. A. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The validity of the calculation of secretion rates from the specific activity of a urinary metabolite after the injection of the radioactive hormone (secretion rate equals radioactivity injected divided by the specific activity of a urinary metabolite ) has been critically examined. Although in previous applications of the method the expression has been assumed to be valid on an intuitive basis, it is concluded that this is not justified unless after continuous infusion the specific activity of the hormone is constant throughout the body. In the case of a single injection, where W has been termed the single injection factor, and must be equal to one for the method to be valid. If the transport and metabolism of the hormone can be described in terms of an outer and inner pool, it has been shown that the single injection factor is nearly equal to one unless the metabolite which is analyzed is formed mostly in one pool but the overall metabolism largely occurs in the other space.
Other assumptions and sources of error in the method are discussed. It is concluded that a comparison of the specific activities of various metabolites is the most generally applicable experimental test of the validity of the method. On this basis, applications of the method to obtain the secretion rates of aldosterone and cortisol seem to be justified.
THE THYMOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF 21-DEOXYCORTICOSTEROIDS
Authors: Stephenson N. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A bioassay procedure utilizing the thymus weight of the immature rat as the criterion of the response was employed to estimate the potency of several 21-deoxycorticosteroids relative to cortisol. The steroids were dissolved in corn oil and administered subcutaneously in divided doses over a period of two days. Although many of the 21-deoxy derivatives were more active than cortisol, the removal of the 21-hydroxyl group always depressed the ability of the corticosteroid analogue to produce thymic involution. A reduction of 60 to 90 per cent in thymolytic activity relative to the parent corticosteroid was experienced when either a hydrogen or a fluorine atom was substituted for the hydroxyl group at C21. The magnitude of the decrease in biological effectiveness appeared to be dependent on the presence of other groups in the corticosteroid molecule. A loss of 90 to 95 per cent in relative potency was obtained when the 21-hydroxyl was replaced by either an aldehyde, a methyl, or a piperidino group. When the a ketol side chain at C17 of a Δ4-3-keto-11-oxysteroid was exchanged for another type of grouping, the resulting compound no longer behaved like an adrenal corticosteroid in the thymus involution assay. The results of this study suggest that the biological activity of 21-deoxycorticosteroids relative to their parent steroids depends largely on the target organ used to measure the response to the compounds.
ÜBER DIE WIRKUNG INTRATESTIKULÄRER TESTOSTERONIMPLANTATIONEN AUF SEXUALVERHALTEN UND FERTILITÄT ÖSTROGENBEHANDELTER RATTENMÄNNCHEN
Authors: Hohlweg W. , Dörner G. , Kopp P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In adult male rats subcutaneous injections of 50 μg dienoestrol [3,4-bis (p-hydroxyphenyl)-hexa-2,4-diene] diacetate, given twice weekly, produced an inhibition of spermiogenesis and sexual behaviour resulting in total sterility. By one intratesticular implantation of 3 mg testosterone these alterations could be prevented and even rechanged in spite of continued oestrogen administration. These results prove an important direct influence of testosterone on the generative testicular function.
THE TIME RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN OESTROGEN ADMINISTRATION AND THE SECRETION OF LUTEINIZING HORMONE IN RATS
Authors: Presl Jiǐi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The time relationship between administration of oestrogen and secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) has been investigated in pregnant and pseudopregnant rats. The criterion taken for LH secretion was cholesterolization of corpora lutea determined 48 hours after oestrogen administration, which could be expected to be positive within 42 hours.
It was found that the stimulating effect of oestrogen could be blocked by phenobarbital given up to 32 hours after oestrogen administration. This period 0–32 hours after oestrogen administration was termed the »critical period« during which stimulation of oestrogen-sensitive regions of the CNS occurs, with activation of the anterior pituitary and consequent LH secretion. During this critical period the blocking action of phenobarbital gradually decreases, and the number of ineffective »block« rises. The first failure of phenobarbital blockade was found at 22 hours following oestrogen administration. From 22–32 hours after oestrogen instances of partial blockade occur, which support the view that the activating impulses to the anterior pituitary are not instantaneous and sharply delimited in character. Apparently anterior pituitary activation and LH secretion occur simultaneously, and there is a quantitative relationship between LH secretion and the duration of pituitary stimulation. The duration of neurogenic stimulation was approximated statistically as being about 9½ hours.
The differences between our findings and those obtained with hypophysectomy or pituitary stalk section are discussed.
»FERTILE EUNUCHOIDISM« CAUSED BY AN ARREST OF PUBERTAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Witte Jac. J. , Schwarz F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A patient is described, who developed markedly eunuchoid proportions between his sixteenth and his eighteenth year. He also showed other signs of hypogonadism, but his testicles were of normal size and the presence of spermatogenesis could be demonstrated. The bone age had not advanced since the age of fifteen years. The excretion of 17-KS was low but increased rapidly to normal values during the administration of HCG. The diagnosis was made of an isolated ICSH deficiency, because of an arrest of pubertal development, about the fifteenth year. Possible causes of this arrest is discussed. No signs of a pituitary or hypothalamic tumour could be found. At the age of fifteen years the patient had had a cerebral concussion, which might have caused a hypothalamic lesion.
INFLUENCE OF STEROID SEX HORMONES ON THE F. S. H.-RELEASE BY RAT HYPOPHYSES IN VITRO
Authors: van Rees G. P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The hypothesis that steroid sex hormones influence pituitary F. S. H. by independent actions on its production and capacity of the gland to release it has been investigated by means of incubation experiments. During incubation, rat pituitary glands released considerable amounts of F. S. H. into the medium. Inactivation of F. S. H. during incubation could not be demonstrated; once (in females) some production of F. S. H. was even observed. The amount of F. S. H. which is released into the medium is influenced by the quantity of F. S. H. stored in the hypophyses.
Hypophyses from male rats pretreated with oestradiol released relatively more F. S. H. into the medium than hypophyses from control animals. On the other hand, pretreatment with testosterone caused the pituitary glands to release less F. S. H. into the medium. In agreement with these results, hypophyses from intact male rats released relatively less F. S. H. than hypophyses from intact female rats.
These facts support the hypothesis that androgens depress pituitary F. S. H.-secretion by inhibiting the capacity to release it, while oestrogens, which can even promote this property of the pituitary gland, also act by directly inhibiting its production.
ZUR EXTRARENALEN WIRKUNG VON MINERALOCORTICOIDEN
Authors: Dirscherl Wilhelm , Wahle Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
It was assumed that mineralocorticoids are capable of changing the binding properties of acid mucopolysaccharides. To test this hypothesis, the sodium and potassium contents of tissues containing mucopolysaccharides (cartilage, aorta, skin) were investigated in rats at three different conditions, i. e. after adrenalectomy, salt loading, administration of mineralocorticoids or the combination thereof. Heart muscle with its prevalent cellular tissue served as basis for comparison.
The results point to a possible extrarenal action of fluorohydrocortisone and deoxycorticosterone on the cell membranes. Though extrarenal factors of the hormone action effecting the interstitium could be detected, they were difficult to differentiate from those on the cells proper as the investigated cartilage, aorta and skin tissue cannot be considered cell-free.
EFFECTIVENESS OF FLUOXYMESTERONE ON LINEAR GROWTH AND WEIGHT IN CHILDREN WITH GROWTH RETARDATION AND UNDERWEIGHT
Authors: Laron Zvi 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of fluoxymesterone (Halotestin) on body weight and body height has been studied in 13 children with growth retardation and underweight.
It was found that fluoxymesterone administered for periods of 3 months in a dose of 0.1 to 0.15 mg per kg body weight per day had a beneficial effect on body weight and linear growth rate. A daily dose greater than 0.25 mg/kg body weight had virilizing effects.
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF GONADAL DISORDER
Authors: Kádas I. , Pejtsik B. , Seres G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A case is presented of a 15-year-old girl with female chromatin pattern and, in the presence of normal external genitalia and vagina, clitoris enlargement, imperfectly developed, undescended testes as well as complete failure of development of the Müllerian ducts. The probable pathogenesis of the condition is briefly discussed.
STUDIES ON SULFATION FACTOR (SF) ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Almqvist Sven , Rune Inga 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The relationship of serum sulfation factor (SF) activity to age has been studied in groups of healthy subjects of ages ½, 4, 8, 11, 15, 25 and 70 years. Serum SF activity was present in all subjects. The concentration of serum SF was lowest at ½ and 4 years, rising to comparable peaks at 8 and 15 years of age. The SF activity was the same at ages 11, 25 and 70 years.
STUDIES ON SULFATION FACTOR (SF) ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Almqvist Sven , Ikkos Denis , Luft Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The sulfation factor activity (SF activity) of human serum has been estimated in patients with hypopituitarism and acromegaly using an improved assay method. Although occasional SF values were within the normal range, both groups differed significantly from normal. Two patients with metastatic breast cancer, one with acromegaly and five with juvenile diabetes mellitus had significantly decreased SF activity after hypophysectomy, and in six of these patients the serum SF activity could not be distinguished from zero. The serum SF fell to zero levels in three patients followed before and after hypophysectomy. The decreased serum SF activity in four patients with hypopituitarism was brought to normal by human growth hormone. Four of six pituitary dwarfs had decreased serum SF activity. In the other two dwarfs the SF levels were at least low normal but could not certainly be distinguished from normal. Four patients with selective or total hypopituitarism had normal or decreased serum SF levels. A group of 11 patients with acromegaly, in nine of whom the disease was considered active, had increased mean serum SF activity.
Decreased serum SF levels in cases of hypopituitarism were found in patients with a normal production of adrenocorticotrophin, thyrotrophin or pituitary gonadotrophin or substituted with thyroid, adrenal or gonadal hormones.
NUCLEAR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN THE ARGYROPHIL (= A1) AND NON-ARGYROPHIL (= A2) PANCREATIC A CELLS IN THE DUCK
Authors: Hellman Bo 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Previous investigations have shown that the A cells in the islets of Langerhans do not constitute a homogeneous cell group, but can be divided into two distinct fractions, on the basis of the presence (= A1 cells) and the absence (= A2 cells) of an argyrophil reaction. In order to asses the biological significance of this finding, it is important in the first instance to study, whether the A cells show any other mutual differences. In a comparison of the A1 and A2 cells within the dark A cell islets from ducks, significant differences were obtained with regard to nuclear size and eccentricity. The larger nuclear size in the A1 cells is possibly an expression of the higher functional activity in these cells. The findings support the concept of two different forms of the A cells.
IN VITRO PRODUCTION OF TESTOSTERONE AND ANDROST-4-ENE-3,17-DIONE IN A HUMAN OVARIAN HOMOGENATE
Authors: Kase N. , Forchielli E. , Dorfman R. I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone and androst-4-ene-3,17-dione have been isolated and identified by isotope dilution techniques from an incubation of 7-3H-progesterone and 14C-17α-hydroxyprogesterone with a normal human ovarian homegenate. This offers substantial proof that the production of this highly active androgen is possible under normal physiological circumstances.
A NEW STRESS TOLERANCE TEST WITH SIMULTANEOUS STUDY OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL VARIABLES
Authors: Levi Lennart 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A new stress tolerance test is presented, which allows of a quantitative estimation of the working capacity of the individual in a stressful working situation. It also allows of a quantitative measurement of some physiological changes as well as observations of psychological behaviour caused by the experimental stress situation, which attempts to parallel the different stresses of actual working life. In two clinically different groups investigated, statistically significant differences were found with regard to working efficiency, and to urinary output of adrenaline and noradrenaline, but not to 17-ketosteroids and corticosteroids in the urine, or to reduced glutathione in the blood. In spite of the small series, it seems justifiable to conclude that a simultaneous estimation of the working capacity and probably of the behaviour, and of the urinary output of adrenaline and noradrenaline during the described stress situation may serve as an improved diagnostic aid in the estimation of the stress tolerance of different individuals in psychiatric, medical and psychotechnical work. At present the test is being investigated on a larger series of cases.
ZUR FRAGE DER AROMATISIERUNG VON 1-METHYL-ANDROST-1-EN-17β-OL-3-ON IM MENSCHLICHEN ORGANISMUS
Authors: Kuji N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In 5 women the excretion of urinary oestrogens was not increased after intramuscular injection of the acetate and oenanthate respectively of 1-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androst-1-en-3-one. The inhibitory effect of the 1-methyl-group on the enzymatic aromatization of Ring A is discussed.
DEMONSTRATION OF THYROID FOLLICLES BY MEANS OF SILVER PRECIPITATION
Authors: Rosenkilde Per , Wingstrand Karl Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method is described which allows selective precipitation of silver in the thyroid follicles of vertebrates. The follicles can then be identified either by dissection under a binocular microscope or in thick sections. The identification of the thyroid follicles according to the new method is critical, for it depends on the high iodine content. It is shown by means of 131I technique that the process involves precipitation of the iodine as silver iodide. It is suggested that the proteins of the thyroid reduce this salt to silver.
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF THYROXINE DEHALOGENASE
Authors: Tata J. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The activity of the enzyme thyroxine dehalogenase and the nature of products of deiodination of thyroid hormones were studied in skeletal muscle of normal and thyroidectomized rats. The capacity to deiodinate thyroxine was also measured after administration of L-thyroxine, D-thyroxine, 2,4-dinitrophenol and in animals maintained on diets of different iodine contents. A 2 to 3-fold depression in the level of thyroxine dehalogenase occurred 3 months after thyroidectomy which was reversed by the administration of L-thyroxine. Injection of L-thyroxine also stimulated thyroxine dehalogenase activity in normal rats; the increase in enzyme activity was not merely a response to administration of substrate since D-thyroxine, although an almost equally good substrate, failed to alter enzyme activity. The enzyme increased in parallel with the oxygen consumption of the animals treated with L-thyroxine. This relationship does not seem to be a non-specific manifestation of increased cellular metabolic activity because 2,4-dinitrophenol administration failed to cause a similar effect. 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine was not a major product of deiodination of thyroxine; the function of thyroxine dehalogenase therefore does not appear to be that of the conversion of thyroxine to its »active« form. Thyroxine dehalogenase is not uniquely involved in the recovery of iodine from the spent thyroid hormone since its activity was independent of the level of dietary iodine. It is therefore concluded that enzymic deiodination of thyroid hormones by skeletal muscle is linked in some way to their calorigenic action, although the exact nature of this relationship remains unknown.
EFFECT OF DIALYSIS AND OXIDATION ON PLASMA PARATHYROID HORMONE ACTIVITY
Authors: Reichert Leo E. , L'Heureux Maurice V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Comparative studies are reported on the effect of dialysis and peroxide oxidation upon the calcium mobilizing activity of a potent parathyroid gland preparation, Injection Parathyroid, U. S. P. (Lilly), when in aqueous solution and when incubated with freshly collected rat plasma prior to treatment. It was found that although dialysis and oxidation markedly decreased the potency of the parathyroid gland extract employed, prior incubation with rat plasma prevented this effect from occurring. It is suggested that a binding of the active principle of the extract to plasma proteins could account for the phenomena observed. The suggestion that oxidative inactivation of parathyroid hormone is of significance, in vivo, would not seem to be in accord with the observations recorded here.
VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE
Authors: Lorenzen lb 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Aortae were studied in three groups of rabbits: First group: Injected with epinephrine for two weeks and with 1-thyroxine for another two weeks. Second group: Injected with epinephrine for two weeks and with physiological saline for another two weeks. Third group: Untreated controls. The aortae were assessed by gross and microscopic examination, and the content of water, hexosamine, hydroxyproline and calcium as well as the in vivo uptake of 35S sulphate determined. The alterations in the epinephrine-thyroxine-treated group were not so pronounced as previously observed after simultaneous injections of epinephrine plus 1-thyroxine. But the thyroxine injections in this group brought about a clear-cut increase in hexosamine content and 35S sulphate uptake as compared with the untreated controls. This presumably indicates that owing to the thyroxine treatment the vascular wall was still exposed to damage despite the discontinuation of the epinephrine injections. In contradistinction, the epinephrine-saline-treated rabbits did not differ significantly from the controls as regards biochemical changes in the aortic wall two weeks after discontinuation of epinephrine. When the microscopic appearance were also considered, this was interpreted as a sign of cessation of the injuries to the vascular wall and of healing.
ADMINISTRATION OF CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AS A TEST OF THE ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE TESTIS
Authors: Huis in 't Veld G. , Louwerens B. , van der Spek P. A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A critical investigation was made into the test described by Jayle et al. (1957) for investigating the endocrine activity of the testis.
The conclusion was reached that the results of the administration of 3 × 10 000 IU chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) (Test I by Jayle et al. 1957) can be more advantageously expressed by the increase of 17-KS during a period of 12 days, starting on the first day of HCG injection, than by the increase in 17-KS excretion on the third day of HCG administration (the criterion suggested by Jayle et al. 1957).
In the form in which the test with HCG was carried out by us, however, it still cannot be regarded as an ideal test for the endocrine activity of the testis.
THE EFFECT OF 17α-METHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE ON THE ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE TESTES IN HUMAN SUBJECTS
Authors: Huis in 't Veld L. G. , Louwerens B. , van der Spek P. A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The testicular function tests I and II described by Jayle et al. (1957) were carried out before and during treatment with 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) in 6 males (sexual delinquents), 2 patients with mild testicular hypofunction and 4 male castrates.
In the test performed it was impossible to demonstrate that MNT, in the doses given (5 mg/d for a few weeks) exerts a direct inhibitory influence on the production and/or secretion of precursors of 17-ketosteroids by the testes.
THE ACUTE EFFECTS OF INFUSED ADRENAL STEROIDS ON RENAL FUNCTION IN ADRENALECTOMIZED DOGS
Authors: Slater J. D. H. , Mestitz Paul , Walker Geoffrey , Nabarro J. D. N. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Infusions of cortisol (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione), prednisolone (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione), aldosterone (11β,21-dihydroxy-3,20-dione-pregn-4-en-18-al), and adrenal cortical extract have been given to four adrenalectomized dogs. The changes of inulin, creatinine, para-aminohippuric acid clearances, urine volume, and sodium and potassium excretion have been measured. Between experiments oral replacement therapy was given to obviate the effect of slow absorption of previously injected steroids. The effects of steroid-free control infusions have been studied. Varying the rate of infusion from 1.0–2.6 ml/min, and sodium from 0–170 μeq/min has little effect on glomerular filtration rates (G. F. R.). Infusions of cortisol (1.5 and 10 mg/h), prednisolone (2 mg/h) and adrenal cortical extract (10 ml/h) raised the G. F. R. and lowered the filtration fraction. As the G. F. R. increased the ratio creatinine: inulin clearance fell. The different dogs varied in their responses. Infusions of prednisolone and cortisol (1.5 mg/h) usually increased sodium output as G. F. R. rose. With aldosterone, adrenal cortical extract and cortisol (10 mg/h) there was sodium retention in three of the four dogs, the fourth was resistant to the sodium retaining action of these steroids while the plasma level was high. All steroid infusions increased potassium excretion. Cortisol increased free water clearance independent of G. F. R. provided the infusion rate exceeded 2 ml/min, prednisolone increased both osmolar and free water clearance, aldosterone increased osmolar clearance and reduced free water clearance.
REDUCTION OF FERTILITY IN RATS BY AN ENZYME INHIBITOR
Authors: Wohlzogen F. X. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Daily oral doses of 10 mg polyphloretin phosphate to female rats significantly lowered their fertility. Various modes of action are discussed. The hypothesis is advanced, that the reduction of fertility is due to hyaluronidase inhibition in the ovarian follicles with consequent ovulatory failure.
STUDIES ON SULFATION FACTOR (SF) ACTIVITY OF HUMAN SERUM
Authors: Almqvist Sven , Falkheden Thomas 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Serum SF activity was followed after hypophysectomy in three patients with mammary carcinoma and after excision of an eosinophilic adenoma in two patients with acromegaly. Serum SF decreased within 12 hours of hypophysectomy and then fell exponentially with time to the usual post-hypophysectomy level. The half life of serum SF in the three patients undergoing hypophysectomy was 9, 10.5 and 18 hours.