bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hypnosis with a 31‐year‐old female with dental phobia requiring an emergency extraction
Authors: Gow Michael A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPresenting problem: Female, 31, attended emergency appointment at dental surgery with pain, dental phobia prevented extraction.Aim: Manage dental phobia using hypnosis integrated into anxiety management treatment plan to facilitate extraction.Methods: Pre‐treatment questionnaire assessed dental anxiety, reasons for anxiety, and ascertained management options. Post‐treatment questionnaire assessed changes in dental anxiety and attitudes. Anxiety management techniques: needle desensitization and hypnosis.Results: Pre‐treatment questionnaire revealed high level anxiety (16/20 Corah score, and 25/30 modified Corah score) and anticipation of pain during future dental treatment (5/10 on a Visual Analogue Scale). Following the successful extraction of the tooth, a post‐treatment questionnaire revealed low level anxiety (7/20 Corah and 11/30 modified Corah) and low anticipation of future pain (1/10).Conclusion: Patient attended second emergency appointment and hypnotic intervention facilitated the removal of the troublesome tooth. Successful outcome of this treatment and new learned self‐hypnosis techniques allowed patient to feel more confident about accepting future dental treatment without need for pharmacological intervention. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic Scope of Alcohol Transfer Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Cu/Al2O3: A New Metallic Catalyst with Unusual Selectivity
Authors: Zaccheria Federica , Ravasio Nicoletta , Psaro Rinaldo , Fusi Achille 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA method for the anaerobic oxidation of a wide series of alcohols including cyclohexanols and steroidal alcohols, has been set up. It relies on a transfer dehydrogenation reaction from the substrate alcohol to styrene catalyzed by a heterogeneous, reusable copper catalyst under very mild liquid‐phase experimental conditions (90 °C, N2) and shows unusual selectivity. Thus, the method is selective for the oxidation of secondary and allylic alcohols even in the presence of unprotected primary and benzylic alcohols. Electronic effects and the choice of the hydrogen acceptor account for the selectivity observed.
Unprecedented Association of [Mo6Bri7YiBra6]3− Cluster Units and [MoIIIBr6]3− Complexes: Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of the Double Salts Rb3[Mo6Bri7YiBra6](Rb3[MoBr6])3 (Y=Se, Te)
Authors: Kirakci Kaplan , Cordier Stéphane , Perrin Christiane 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe double salts Rb3[Mo6Bri7YiBra6](Rb3[MoBr6])3 (Y=Se, Te) result from the partial disproportionation of the Mo6Br12 octahedral‐cluster‐based bromide, in the presence of corresponding chalcogenides and RbBr salt (crystal data: Rb12[MoBr6]3[Mo6Bri7TeiBra6] (1), Pm$\bar 3$m (No. 221), a=12.1558(2) Å, Z=1, R1=0.028; wR2=0.050; Rb12[MoBr6]3[Mo6Bri7SeiBra6] (2), Pm$\bar 3$m, a=12.144(3) Å, Z=1, R1=0.028; wR2=0.050). The structures of 1 and 2 are built up from [MoIIIBr6]3− complexes and [Mo6Bri7YiBra6]3− cluster units characterised by a random distribution of seven bromine and one chalcogen ligands on all the eight inner positions that face cap the Mo6 clusters. Such a distribution implies a static orientational disorder of the [Mo6Bri7YiBra6]3− units around the origin of the unit cell. Close‐packed anionic layers based on [MoIIIBr6]3− complexes and [Mo6Bri7YiBra6]3− cluster units are stacked in the sequence ABC. This arrangement leads to very short BraBra intercluster unit distances of 3.252 Å, much lower than the sum of the van der Waals radii (3.70 Å). The trivalent oxidation state of molybdenum in the Mo complexes and 24 valence electrons per Mo6 cluster have been confirmed by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Salts 1 and 2 constitute the first examples of structurally characterised bromides containing discrete [MoIIIBr6]3− complexes obtained by means of solid‐state synthesis.
Syntheses and Properties of Enantiomerically Pure Higher (n ≥ 7) [n−2]Triangulanedimethanols and σ‐[n]Helicenes
Authors: de Meijere Armin , Khlebnikov Alexander F. , Kozhushkov Sergei I. , Yufit Dmitrii S. , Chetina Olga V. , Howard Judith A. K. , Kurahashi Takuya , Miyazawa Kazutoshi , Frank Daniel , Schreiner Peter R. , Rinderspacher B. Christopher , Fujisawa Mari , Yamamoto Chiyo , Okamoto Yoshio 
Published: May 2006

Abstract(P)‐(+)‐Hexaspiro[2.0.0.0. 0.0.2.1.1.1.1.1]pentadecane [(P)‐17] as well as (M)‐(−)‐ and (P)‐(+)‐octaspiro[2.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.2.1.1.1.1.1.1.1]nonadecanes [(M)‐ and (P)‐25]—enantiomerically pure unbranched [7]‐ and [9]triangulanes—have been prepared starting from racemic THP‐protected (methylenecyclopropyl)methanol 6. The relative configurations of all important intermediates as well as the absolute configurations of the key intermediates were established by X‐ray crystal structure analyses. This new convergent approach to enantiomerically pure linear [n]triangulanes for n=7, 9 was also tested in two variants towards [15]triangulane. Some of the most prominent and unexpected features of the newly prepared compounds are the remarkable modes of self‐assembly of the diols (P)‐14, (E)‐(3S,3′S,4S,4′S,5R,5′R)‐21, (P)‐(+)‐22, and (E)‐31 in the solid state through frameworks of intermolecular hydrogen bonds leading to, depending on the respective structure, nanotube‐ [(P)‐14, (P)‐(+)‐22, and (E)‐31], honeycomb‐like structures [(E)‐(3S,3′S,4S,4′S,5R,5′R)‐21] or a supramolecular double helix [(P)‐(+)‐ and (M)‐(−)‐22]. Liquid crystalline properties of the esters and ethers of the diols (P)‐14, (P)‐, and (M)‐22 have also been tested. Although all of these [n]triangulanes have no chromophore which would lead to significant absorptions above 200 nm, they exhibit surprisingly high specific rotations even at 589 nm with [α]${{{20\hfill \atop {\rm D}\hfill}}}$=+672.9 (c=0.814 in CHCl3) for (P)‐(+)‐17, +909.9 (c=0.96 in CHCl3) for (P)‐(+)‐25, −890.5 (c=1.01 in CHCl3) for (M)‐(−)‐25, and −1302.5 (c=0.36 in CHCl3) for (M)‐(−)‐39, and the specific rotations increase drastically on going to shorter wavelengths. This outstanding rotatory power is in line with their rather rigid helical arrangement of σ bonds, and accordingly these helically shaped unbranched [n]triangulanes may be termed “σ‐[n]helicenes”, as they represent the σ‐bond analogues of the aromatic π‐[n]helicenes. Density functional theory (DFT) computations at the B3 LYP/6‐31+G(d,p) level of theory for the geometry optimization and time‐dependent DFT for determining optical rotations with a triplet‐ζ basis set (B3 LYP/TZVP) reproduce the optical rotatory dispersions (ORD) very well for the lower members (n=4, 5) of the σ‐[n]helicenes. For the higher ones (n=7, 9, 15) the computed specific rotations turn out increasingly larger than the experimental values. The remarkable increase of the specific rotation with an increasing number of three‐membered rings is proportional neither to the molecular weight nor to the number of cyclopropane rings in these σ‐[n]helicenes.
Sex differences in genetic and environmental determinants of pulse pressure
Authors: Scurrah Katrina J. , Byrnes Graham B. , Hopper John L. , Harrap Stephen B. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPulse pressure (PP) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. PP rises with age, more so in women. We examined sex differences in the correlations and variance components of PP in adult subjects from 767 nuclear families, enriched with those containing twins, from the Victorian Family Heart Study. After adjusting for age, we found no significant differences in the means or variances of PP in males and females. Under the assumption of no sex differences, the proportions of variance due to shared genes, shared environment, and individual‐specific environment were 20%, 23% and 57%, respectively. However, same‐sex relative pairs had significantly higher correlations than opposite‐sex pairs (P=0.005), implying the existence of sex‐dependent effects. Extensions to the simple variance components model suggested three possible explanations for these differences: smaller genetic correlation between opposite‐sex pairs (ρG,MF=0.45, P=0.007); smaller environmental correlation between opposite‐sex pairs (P=0.0003); or different environmental and genetic correlations obtained by estimating genetic, environmental, and individual variance components separately for males and females (not nested, Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC) smaller by 6.69). Under the last model, the genetic component of PP variance is greater for males (1.62 vs 0.33) while the environmental component is greater for females (1.84 vs 0), which would have implications for the planning of gene discovery studies, since heritability would be higher in males. However, the second (environmental) approach best fits the data according to the AIC. Genetic explanations for sex differences in phenotypic correlations may be misleading unless shared environmental factors are also considered. PP illustrates a phenotype in which sex dependency represents an important component of phenotypic determination that can be revealed by detailed variance components modelling. Genet. Epidemiol. 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Muscle‐sparing abdominal free flaps in head and neck reconstruction
Authors: Woodworth Bradford A. , Gillespie M. Boyd , Day Terry , Kline Richard M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground.Our aim in this retrospective case series was to review the indications, results, and complications of abdominal muscle–sparing free flaps in head and neck cancer reconstruction.Methods.A retrospective review of all head and neck cancer defects reconstructed with abdominal muscle–sparing free tissue transfers from 1999 to 2004 was performed. Data collected included patient demographics, etiology and site of the defect, reconstructive technique, flap size, recipient vessels, complications, reconstructive technique, and clinical follow‐up.Results.Sixteen patients underwent reconstruction with the deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap (n = 11), the superficial inferior epigastric artery (SIEA) flap (n = 4), or the superficial circumflex iliac artery (SCIA) flap (n = 1). Average age was 61 years (range, 41–77 years). The average hospital stay was 7.6 days (range, 6–14 days). The average defect size was 74.5 cm2 (range, 30–240 cm2). No subsequent abdominal wall hernias or other donor site complications occurred after a mean follow‐up of 21 months.Conclusions.Muscle‐sparing abdominal free flaps are attractive options for head and neck cancer reconstruction. The SIEA and SCIA free flaps have the distinct advantage of eliminating abdominal hernias and other morbidity related to the excision of rectus abdominus fascia or muscle. In addition, the incisions are very low on the abdomen and are more cosmetically pleasing to the patient. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Different histopathological subtypes of Hodgkin lymphoma show significantly different levels of FDG uptake
Authors: Hutchings Martin , Loft Annika , Hansen Mads , Ralfkiaer Elisabeth , Specht Lena 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPositron emission tomography using 2‐[18F]fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (FDG‐PET) enables quantitative analysis of metabolic activity. This study investigated standardized uptake value (SUV) levels in the different histopathological subtypes of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Sixty patients with newly diagnosed HL underwent staging FDG‐PET/CT after lymph node biopsy. Maximum SUV in each patient (SUVmax/total) and in each affected region or organ (SUVmax) were recorded. Mean SUVmax/total was 9.3 g/ml in seven nodular lymphocyte predominance (NLP) patients, 16.3 g/ml in 38 nodular sclerosis (NS) patients, 20.8 g/ml in 11 mixed cellularity (MC) patients, and 19.5 g/ml in four patients with unclassified classical HL (CHL‐NOS), (ANOVA, p = 0.011). Out of 780 sites (600 lymph node regions plus 180 organs), 208 sites were found to be affected with HL. Mean SUVmax was 8.3 g/ml in the 12 sites with NLP, 11.2 g/ml in the 147 sites affected with NS, 14.6 g/ml in the 36 sites with MC, and 13.1 g/ml in the 13 sites with CHL‐NOS (ANOVA, p = 0.002). There is a significant difference in FDG/glucose uptake between the different histopathological subtypes of HL. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized simulated annealing applied to protein folding studies
Authors: Agostini Flavia P. , Soares‐Pinto Diogo De O. , Moret Marcelo A. , Osthoff Carla , Pascutti Pedro G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractDuring the last few years, computational simulations based on the atomic description of biological molecules have resulted in significant advances in the comprehension of biological processes. It is well known, however, that a molecular system may have a great number of conformations due to the large number of rotation of degrees of freedom around chemical bonds, leading to several local minima on the energy hypersurface. It has been proposed though, that proteins express their biological function when their structure is close to a conformation with energy global minimum. To help solve the protein‐folding problem, we use a new strategy based on Simulated Annealing methods. These methods have been well suited for a large extent of optimization problems, especially those containing many local minima. In fact, this work applies the Generalized Simulated Annealing method (GSA) coupled to the GROMOS96 Molecular Force Field to research the minimum energy conformation of 18‐alanine. We show that the qT GSA parameter can be used to control the freezing process during the annealing procedure, and to avoid polypeptide chains to be trapped in energy local minima. We scanned the q‐values for visiting (qV) and accepting (qA) functions for qT values ranging from 1 to 3, and found the best values to obtain an α‐helix conformation for the polyalanine peptide, which is the conformation with energy global minimum. Global optimization methods also exemplify a class of applications that requires a large amount of computational resources, being suitable for Grid computing. To implement a Grid computing platform, we developed and tested a Grid environment based on MYGRID middleware, which is a technology that can employ all machines accessed by the user to run the application. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1142–1155, 2006
A QM/MM study on the aqueous solvation of the tetrahydroxouranylate [UO2(OH)4]2− complex ion
Authors: Infante Ivan , van Stralen Bas , Visscher Lucas 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe report a QM augmented QM/MM study on the coordination of the tetrahydroxouranylate ion in aqueous solution. QM/MM geometry optimizations followed by full QM single‐point calculations on the optimized structures show that a hexa‐coordinated structure is more stable than the hepta‐coordinated structure by 43 kJ/mol. Charge transfer of the tetrahydroxouranylate to the solvating water molecules is relatively modest, and can be modeled by including a solvation layer consisting of 12 explicit water molecules. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 1156–1162, 2006
A novel silk fibroin‐supported iron catalyst for hydroxylation of phenol
Authors: Pekşen Bahar Başak , Üzelakçil Caner , Güneş Alev , Malay Özge , Bayraktar Oguz 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to explore the potential use of silk fibroin (SF) as a catalyst support material for phenol hydroxylation reactions. Iron‐substituted silk fibroin fibers were prepared using formic acid at room temperature and characterized using inductively coupled plasma atomic‐emission spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopy. Measurement of an FTIR spectrum showed that the secondary structure was β‐structure before and after iron substitution. To evaluate the catalytic properties of prepared catalyst, phenol hydroxylation reaction was carried out using aqueous hydrogen peroxide as an oxidant. An excellent transformation of phenol into dihydroxybenzenes (catechol and hydroquinone) was achieved. Phenol conversions of 3.3%, 61.2%, and 80.3% were obtained at room temperature, 40 °C and 60 °C respectively. It was found that no further phenol conversion proceeded because catalysts became separated from the reaction system during the reaction. No significant leaching of the iron was detected. Catalyst could be reused several times without a significant change in activity. Parent silk fibroin fibers without iron were inactive. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Lipase‐catalyzed acylation of konjac glucomannan in ionic liquids
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Gang , Zong Min‐Hua , Li Guang‐Ji 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA comparative study was made of lipase‐catalyzed acylation of konjac glucomannan (KGM) with vinyl acetate as the acyl donor in five ionic liquids (ILs) and also in the presence of the organic solvent tert‐butanol (t‐BuOH). An obvious enhancement in enzyme activity and stability was observed using ILs as the reaction media when compared with t‐BuOH. The maximum degree of substitution (DS) of the modified KGM in ILs and t‐BuOH under the conditions employed is 0.71 and 0.54, respectively. The water activity (aw) of the reaction system affected the acylation of KGM to some extent. 1‐Butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (C4MIm.BF4) was the best IL medium for the reaction, and an aw of 0.75 was optimum. It was also found that the nature of both the cation and the anion of ILs had an effect on the reaction. Candida antarctica lipase B immobilized on an acrylic resin (Novozym 435) displayed no acylation activity to KGM in 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride (C4MIm.Cl). The optimum reaction temperature for enzymatic acylation in ILs was shown to be 45‐55 °C. Enzymatic acylation of KGM in IL‐t‐BuOH co‐solvent systems was also investigated. When an appropriate amount of t‐BuOH was added to ILs, the DS of the modified KGM was enhanced. Additionally, the enzymatic acylation of KGM in all the media examined was shown to be regioselective, with acylation occurring predominantly at the C‐6‐OH. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Solidification/stabilization of thermally‐treated toxic tannery sludge
Authors: Swarnalatha Somasundaram , Arasakumari Munusamy , Gnanamani Arumugam , Sekaran Ganesan 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe high concentration of trivalent chromium along with organic/inorganic compounds in tannery sludge causes severe ground‐water contamination in the case of land disposal and chronic air pollution during incineration. In the present investigation the sludge was subjected to starved‐air combustion at 800 °C, which prevented the conversion of Cr3+ to Cr6+. The efficiency of starved‐air combustion was confirmed through differential thermo‐gravimetric analysis (DTG), electron spin resonance (ESR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The calcined sludge was solidified/stabilized using fly ash, clay, lime and Portland cement as mixture constituents. The solidified specimens were tested for compressive strength and heavy metal fixation. The compressive strength and metal fixation of the calcined sludge (Cs)–fly ash (F)–cement (C) mortar at a ratio of 41.66% Cs, 41.66% F, 16.66% C were 185 kg cm−2 and 93.84%, respectively. The stabilization of chromium(III) in the cement gel matrix was confirmed with scanning electron microscopy. Leachability studies were carried out to determine the percentage of metal fixation and chemical oxygen demand in the leachate. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Entrapment of porous and stable concanavalin A–peroxidase complex into hybrid calcium alginate–pectin gel
Authors: Matto Mahreen , Husain Qayyum 
Published: May 2006

AbstractAmmonium sulfate‐fractionated proteins of turnip (Brassica rapa) were used for the simultaneous purification and immobilization of peroxidase by using crude jack bean extract. The concanavalin A–turnip peroxidase complex retained nearly 70% of the original activity. Calcium alginate–pectin‐entrapped soluble turnip peroxidase and the concanavalin A complex of peroxidase retained 63% and 52% of the original activity, respectively. The concanavalin A–peroxidase complex, the alginate–pectin‐entrapped soluble peroxidase and the alginate–pectin‐entrapped concanavalin A–peroxidase complex showed very high stability against denaturation mediated by heat, pH, urea, organic solvents and detergents. The exposure of soluble and immobilized turnip peroxidase to trypsin resulted in an enhancement of the peroxidase activity. The concanavalin A–peroxidase complex entrapped preparation was markedly more stable as compared with the directly entrapped soluble enzyme preparation. The results suggested that such preparations have great potential in the construction of bioreactors to be used for the remediation of aromatic compounds present in polluted wastewater/industrial effluents. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Ultrafiltration of industrial waste liquors from the manufacture of soy protein concentrates
Authors: Moure Andrés , Domínguez Herminia , Parajó Juan Carlos 
Published: May 2006

AbstractProtein‐containing waste liquors from the manufacture of soy protein concentrates were processed by ultrafiltration to recover soluble protein using three different membranes (with molecular weight cut‐offs of 10, 30 and 50 kDa). Operating at 20 °C under reversible conditions, the experimental data of the normalized permeate flux (NPF) obtained at various transmembrane pressures were well described by a model reported in the literature. For each membrane and transmembrane pressure, the values of the parameters involved in the model were calculated. Operating at selected transmembrane pressures, protein rejections of 0.705, 0.747 and 0.637 were determined for the 10, 30 and 50 kDa membranes, respectively. Operation with the 10 kDa membrane at temperatures in the range 30–50 °C and operation with the 30 or 50 kDa membranes at 40 or 50 °C resulted in hysteresis. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Parameters controlling supersaturation by DELOS using carbon dioxide
Authors: Dalvi Sameer V , Mukhopadhyay Mamata 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe present work pertains to estimation of the maximum degree of supersaturation that can be attained in an organic solution by the DELOS process using carbon dioxide (CO2) as a cosolvent. The paper analyzes the effects of initial mole fraction of carbon dioxide, temperature and pressure on the degree of supersaturation of cholesterol in a CO2—acetone—cholesterol solution. It has been observed that owing to liberation of large amounts of CO2 very large temperature drops may be attained by depressurization, resulting in attainment of very high supersaturation. Within the ranges of the parameters studied in this work, the degree of supersaturation is higher with higher values of initial temperature and initial CO2 mole fraction of the solution due to inverse interdependence of the final temperature and the residual CO2 mole fraction in the depressurized solution. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Application of magnetic force microscopy in nanomaterials characterization
Authors: de Lozanne Alex 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis review describes the basic technical aspects of magnetic force microscopy and how this technique has been applied to the study of colossal magnetoresistance materials, superconductors, and patterned magnetic materials. Recently, current distribution in a patterned aluminum strip has been measured by magnetic force microscopy, opening the possibility of measuring currents in buried interconnects in integrated circuits. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.