bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolation and identification of non‐Saccharomyces yeasts and their flavour characteristics while brewing Yinhong plum wine
Authors: Lei Yu , Li Tian , Chen Li , Deng Meng‐Sheng , Jin Lei , Li Yu‐Hao , Li Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe objective of this study was to screen non‐Saccharomyces yeast suitable for enhancing the aroma of Yinhong plum wine. Five non‐Saccharomyces yeasts with strong ester‐producing ability, namely, Wa3 (Wickerhamomyces anomalus), Hu12 (Hanseniaspora uvarum), Pk2A2, PkW2 and PkY2 (Pichia kluyveri), were selected from various naturally fermented fruit juices for molecular biological identification, analyses of physiological characteristics and tolerance and determination of their effects on the flavour of Yinhong plum wine. Analysis of brewing characteristics showed that they differed in their abilities of producing acetic acid, hydrogen sulfide, killer activity and tolerance. Among them, Wa3 showed the best tolerance to high concentrations of alcohol, sugar and SO2. Compared to the control Saccharomyces cerevisiae FX10, Yinhong plum wine fermented with non‐Saccharomyces yeast exhibited a decrease in alcohol content, while residual sugar, glycerol content and the types and quantities of volatile compounds all showed an increase. Among the fermented wines, PkY2 generated the highest content of ester compounds in the fermented wine, which was 5.66 times higher than that generated by the control. The compounds produced by PkY2 were closely related to various ethyl and acetate odour‐active compounds (odour‐active value >1), which could impart a rich floral and fruity aroma to Yinhong plum wine. Sensory analysis revealed that both floral and fruity aromas were significantly increased in Yinhong plum wine fermented by non‐Saccharomyces yeasts, with the highest scores of floral and fruity aromas for PkY2. In conclusion, a Pichia kluyveri strain, PkY2, with excellent brewing characteristics and potential for enhancing the aroma of Yinhong plum wine was identified.
An extended discontinuous Galerkin shock tracking method
Authors: Vandergrift Jakob , Kummer Florian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we introduce a novel high‐order shock tracking method and provide a proof of concept. Our method leverages concepts from implicit shock tracking and extended discontinuous Galerkin methods, primarily designed for solving partial differential equations featuring discontinuities. To address this challenge, we solve a constrained optimization problem aiming at accurately fitting the zero iso‐contour of a level set function to the discontinuities. Additionally, we discuss various robustness measures inspired by both numerical experiments and existing literature. Finally, we showcase the capabilities of our method through a series of two‐dimensional problems, progressively increasing in complexity.
Biochemical profile of Dunaliella isolates from different regions of Iran with a focus on pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential applications
Authors: Araj‐Shirvani Maryam , Honarvar Masoud , Jahadi Mahshid , Mizani Maryam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate three species of Dunaliella microalgae (Dunaliella salina, Dunaliella viridis, and Dunaliella sp.) indigenous to Iran as new sources of natural chemical and bioactive compounds for exploring pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential applications. The results showed that the fat, carbohydrate (mono‐ and di‐saccharide), dietary fiber, and protein content of Dunaliella were in the range of 13.19–25.02, 7.59–12.37, 42.10–48.82, and 17.68–22.50 (%), respectively. Dunaliella salina contained a pigment fraction of 11.50%, which was largely composed of carotenoid (7.41%) and chlorophyll (4.09%). Antioxidant capacity and inhibition of 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of Dunaliella salina were 34.54 mg/1000 g and 55.63%, respectively. The lipid profile also revealed that three isolated Dunaliella are remarkable sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids (25.42%–40.13%). Further, the ratios of ∑n‐3/∑n‐6 (2.79%), docosahexaenoic acid (6.15%), and eicosapentaenoic acid (11.26%) were the highest in Dunaliella salina. The results, thus, proved that Dunaliella spp., especially Dunaliella salina (IBRC‐M 50030), which originates from a lake in Semnan province, Iran, has potential applications in the food and pharmaceutical industries due to its appropriate biopigment, protein, lipid, antioxidant activity, long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid, and eicosapentaenoic acid.
Textural, rheological, and structural properties of turkey and chicken gelatins from mechanical deboning residues
Authors: Kurt Abdullah , Toker Omer Said , Akbulut Mehmet , Coklar Hacer , Ozmen Duygu , Ozcan Yilmaz , Hosseini Said Reza , Saricaoglu Furkan Turker , Demir Guntac , Argun Mustafa Samil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLarge amounts of collagen‐rich by‐products are generated in poultry processing. In particular, gelatin from the by‐products of turkey processing is limited. Gelatin extraction from turkey and chicken MDRs (mechanically deboning residue) was the purpose of this study. Both materials were modified at the highest swelling pH for chemical denaturation of collagen and hot water extraction of gelatin was performed at the optimum temperature–time, which was determined to be pH 1.0 and 80°C–6 h, respectively. In these conditions, yields of 9.90% turkey gelatin (TG) and 13.85% chicken gelatin (CG) were produced. They demonstrated similar viscosity, gel strength, and lightness values of 72–73 g, 2.5–2.7 mPas, and 31, respectively. These results are close to those of bovine gelatin (BG). TG with 239.78 g Bloom exhibited higher strength than CG (225.27 g) and BG (220.00 g). The melting and gelation temperatures of CG and BG were 21 and 30°C, respectively, while those of TG were 19 and 28°C. Imino acids (proline + hydroxyproline) of TG (22.82%) were higher than those of CG (20.73%). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed secondary structure and functional groups of CG and TG similar to those of BG. CG displayed a higher thermal transition temperature than BG, while TG exhibited the highest temperature sensitivity, according to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. In conclusion, TG showed higher potential for effective utilization with higher bloom and imino acids. Overall, turkey and chicken MDRs are a promising and potential alternative source to produce gelatin with comparable properties to bovine gelatin for intended food applications as well as for pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields.
Penthorum chinense Pursh extract ameliorates hepatic steatosis by suppressing pyroptosis via the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway
Authors: Luo Ruixi , Hu Yudie , Wang La , Ke Zunli , Wang Wenjia , Wang Ping , Tian Weiyi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe primary catalyst for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is widely recognized as the induction of lipotoxicity in hepatocytes by an excess of fatty acids. In China, Penthorum chinense Pursh (PcP) is commonly employed as a functional food due to its known hepatoprotective properties. The present study aimed to investigate the influence of PcP extract on in vivo and in vitro models of NAFLD. We found that PcP extract can attenuate palmitic acid (PA)‐induced lipotoxicity in HepG2 cells. PA was observed to trigger pyroptosis, as indicated by the increased expression of NLRP3 and GSDMD/N, activation of Caspase‐1, and subsequent release of IL‐1β and IL‐18. However, these changes were reversed after PcP was administered. Furthermore, the application of an NLRP3 agonist inhibited the protective effects of PcP on lipotoxicity, indicating that PcP decreased lipotoxicity by inhibiting the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway. Ultimately, we established a rat model of NAFLD through the administration of a high‐fat diet (HFD), followed by the oral delivery of PcP extracts. The results demonstrated that the administration of PcP extract effectively decreased dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis, which coincided with a decrease in hepatic pyroptosis through modulation of the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway in liver tissues. Overall, our findings provide insight into the mechanism by which PcP extracts alleviate hepatic steatosis, highlighting the potential significance of modulating the NLRP3/Caspase‐1/GSDMD pathway in the context of pyroptosis.
Efficacy of 400 mg albendazole against soil‐transmitted helminthes among Salgy Primary School Children, Dembia district, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020. “Uncontrolled experimental study”
Authors: Assefa Adane , Damtie Demekech , Abeje Getu , Almaw Andargachew , Berhan Ayenew , Debsh Habtu , Getie Molla 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsSoil‐transmitted helminths are one of the most prevalent causes of both intellectual and physical disability in the world. Albendazole (ALB) is a drug recommended for mass treatment of the high burden of soil‐transmitted helminths in schoolchildren, particularly in developing countries. However, some researchers have reported that the efficacy of albedazole against soil‐transmitted helminths is inconsistent. Monitoring the programs is crucial to evaluating the effectiveness of 400 mg of ALB against soil‐transmitted helminths, as well as any changes in its therapeutic efficacy. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate ALB effectiveness in treating soil‐transmitted helminthes in Salgy Primary School Children.MethodsAn uncontrolled experimental study was conducted at Salgy Primary School Children, Northwest Ethiopia, from March to May 2020. A total of 439 schoolchildren were enrolled and screened for soil‐transmitted helminths by stratified proportionate systematic random sampling to get 228 positive schoolchildren. Students in grades one through eight were grouped based on their educational attainment. Using the Kato‐Katz thick smear technique, the selected stool sample collected from school children was examined using the Kato‐Katz thick smear technique to determine the cure and egg reduction rates. The statistical package for social science software, version 20, was used to analyze the data. To determine the relationship between CR (cure rate) and ERR (egg reduction rate) by age, a chi‐square test (X2) was employed and significance was considered at A 95% confidence interval and p Value (p < 0.05).ResultsA 400 mg single dosage of ALB showed a 99.35% CR and a 97.30% egg reduction rate against Ascaris lumibricoides. Additionally, a 400 mg dose of ALB showed a 95.75% CR and an 82.07% egg reduction rate, suggesting questionable effectiveness against hookworm infections. Trichuris trichiura showed a decreased efficacy, with a 43.53% CR and a 23.12% egg reduction rate.ConclusionA single dose of 400 mg ALB is effective (satisfactory), doubtful, and unsatisfactory against Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and T. trichiura infections, respectively. Further studies using different brands, doses, and routes will be needed to treat hookworm and T. trichiura infections successfully by using a larger sample size.
Monocyte HLA‐DR level on admission predicting in‐hospital mortality rate in exertional heatstroke: A 12‐year retrospective study
Authors: Wang Fanfan , Gong Fanghe , Shi Xuezhi , Yang Jiale , Qian Jing , Wan Lulu , Tong Huasheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundExertional heatstroke (EHS), a fatal illness, pronounces multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and high mortality rate. Currently, no ideal factor prognoses EHS. Decreased monocyte human leukocyte‐DR antigen (mHLA‐DR) has been observed in critically ill individuals, particularly in those with sepsis. While most research focus on the pro‐inflammatory response exploration in EHS, there are few studies related to immunosuppression, and no report targeted on mHLA‐DR in EHS. The present study tried to explore the prognostic value of mHLA‐DR levels in EHS patients.MethodsThis was a single‐center retrospective study. Clinical data of EHS patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the General Hospital of Southern Theatre Command between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2020, were recorded and analyzed.ResultsSeventy patients with 54 survivors and 16 nonsurvivors were ultimately enrolled. Levels of mHLA‐DR in the nonsurvivors (41.8% [38.1–68.1]%) were significantly lower than those in the survivors (83.1% [67.6–89.4]%, p < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression indicated that mHLA‐DR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.939; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.892–0.988; p = 0.016) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores (OR = 0.726; 95% CI: 0.591–0.892; p = 0.002) were independent risk factors related with in‐hospital mortality rate in EHS. A nomogram incorporated mHLA‐DR with GCS demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration abilities. Compared to the traditional scoring systems, the prediction model incorporated mHLA‐DR with GCS had the highest area under the curve (0.947, 95% CI: [0.865–0.986]) and Youden index (0.8333), with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 83.33%, and a greater clinical net benefit.ConclusionPatients with EHS were at a risk of early experiencing decreased mHLA‐DR early. A nomogram based on mHLA‐DR with GCS was developed to facilitate early identification and timely treatment of individuals with potentially poor prognosis.
Effects of oropharyngeal administration of own mother's milk on oral microbial colonization in very low birth weight infants fed by gastric tube: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Xiyang , Zhao Qian , Mu Xiaohe , Yang Chuanzhong , Ning Yan , Xiong Xiaoyun , Qin Xiaoling , Chen Lilian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsThe aim of the present study was to explore the effect of oropharyngeal mother's milk administration on oral microbial colonization in infants fed by gastric tube at different time points.MethodsInfants (n = 116) with birth weight <1500 g were randomly allocated into two groups which both received breast milk for enteral nutrition. The control group (n = 51) accepted oropharyngeal normal saline administration. The experimental group (n = 53) accepted oropharyngeal mother's milk administration before fed by gastric tube once every 3 h over 21 days after birth. We analyzed the oral microbiota at initiation and 7 and 14 and 21 days later using 16S DNA amplicon sequencing.ResultsThere were no difference in oral microbial diversity between the two groups at any time point, but diversity decreased significantly over time in both groups. On the first day of life, the oral microbiota of the infant in the experimental and control groups consisted mainly of Firmicutes (7.75%, 6.18%) and Proteobacteria (68.65%, 68.69%), respectively. As time increases to 21 days after birth, Firmicutes (77.67%, 77.66%) had replaced Proteobacteria (68.65%, 68.69%) as the predominant phylum.DiscussionFrom birth to 21 days after birth, oropharyngeal mother's milk administration did not change the diversity and structural composition of the oral microbiota. The oral microbial diversity of infants declined significantly over time. Firmicutes had replaced Proteobacteria as the predominant phylum.
Preparation of BiOBrxCl1‐x solid solution photocatalyst with oxygen vacancies for degradation of methyl orange under simulated sunlight
Authors: Ren Kunhua , Shao Fubo , Li Hui , Mao Xiqiang , Yang Jian , Fan Ximei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiOBrxCl1‐x solid solution with oxygen vacancies was synthesized using a simple one‐step hydrothermal method. The sample was characterized using comprehensive characterization techniques, and the results showed that the solid solution material was successfully prepared. Adjusting the relative proportion of halogens in BiOBrxCl1‐x solid solution has a significant impact on the morphology, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity of the sample, and oxygen vacancies are introduced into the material. The presence of oxygen vacancies improves the separation efficiency of charge carriers and facilitates the activation of oxygen molecules into superoxide radicals. Among them, BiOBr0.2Cl0.8 showed flower‐like microspheres morphology and exhibited the best photocatalytic activity. After 30 min of dark adsorption and 1 h of simulated sunlight exposure, the removal rate of methyl orange (MO) was 92.5%, which was 2.38 times higher than that of pure BiOBr (38.9%) and 2.09 times higher than that of pure BiOCl (44.3%), respectively.
Highly efficient recovery of vanadium from Abu Zeneima ferruginous siltstone, Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, by a novel polyimine‐based chelating ligand
Authors: Atia Bahig M. , Radwan Hend A. , Kassab Walaa A. , Sarhan Hazem K. A. , Gado Mohamed A. , Goda Adel E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo extract V5+ ions from the ferruginous siltstone in the Abu Zeneima region of Southwestern Sinai, Egypt, a chelating polyimine ligand (PVAm‐Ben) was synthesized via a condensation reaction involving polyvinyl amine and α‐hydroxy ketone (Benzoin). The structure of PVAm‐Ben underwent comprehensive characterization employing various techniques, namely; FT‐IR, 1H‐NMR, 13C‐NMR, and GC/MS analyses. Experimental factors controlling such as pH, time, initial concentration, dosage, temperature, and stripping, were systematically optimized to enhance measurement accuracy. Under conditions of 25°C, 0.015 mol/L, and 30 minutes, PVAm‐Ben/C2H4Cl2 exhibited remarkable retention capacity at pH 3. Linear regression analysis results suggested the release of a mole of H+ during the extraction process. The stability constant (log β = 2.1882) of the PVAm‐Ben/V5+ complex was determined, yielding a value of 154.24. The stoichiometry mechanism between PVAm‐Ben and V5+ ions displayed a linear correlation (slope: 0.9922), signifying 1 mole of PVAm‐Ben reacting with 1 mole of vanadium. The pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model indicated an exothermic, spontaneous, and advantageous extraction process at low temperatures. Efficient stripping of PVAm‐Ben/C2H4Cl2 loaded with vanadium was achieved using 0.05 M NaOH with a 99% efficiency rate. Ultimately, enhanced variables were employed to yield a V2O5 concentrate with a vanadium content of 55% and a purity level of 98.21%.
The generalization‐across‐dimensions model applied to conditional temporal discrimination
Authors: Davison Michael , Cowie Sarah 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCan simple choice conditional‐discrimination choice be accounted for by recent quantitative models of combined stimulus and reinforcer control? In Experiment 1, two sets of five blackout durations, one using shorter intervals and one using longer intervals, conditionally signaled which subsequent choice response might provide food. In seven conditions, the distribution of blackout durations across the sets was varied. An updated version of the generalization‐across‐dimensions model nicely described the way that choice changed across durations. In Experiment 2, just two blackout durations acted as the conditional stimuli and the durations were varied over 10 conditions. The parameters of the model obtained in Experiment 1 failed adequately to predict choice in Experiment 2, but the model again fitted the data nicely. The failure to predict the Experiment 2 data from the Experiment 1 parameters occurred because in Experiment 1 differential control by reinforcer locations progressively decreased with blackout durations, whereas in Experiment 2 this control remained constant. These experiments extend the ability of the model to describe data from procedures based on concurrent schedules in which reinforcer ratios reverse at fixed times to those from conditional‐discrimination procedures. Further research is needed to understand why control by reinforcer location differed between the two experiments.
Enhancing intersex healthcare: A qualitative study of parental perspectives on the role of genetics
Authors: Horowitz Kayla , Zayhowski Kimberly , Palmour Nicole , Haghighat Darius , Joly Yann 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntersex individuals, encompassing people with diverse sex characteristics that do not fit binary frameworks of sex, have long faced a history of medical secrecy, discrimination, and societal stigma, contributing to their limited social visibility. In recent years, increased awareness of intersex issues and a robust advocacy movement have drawn significant attention to the experiences of intersex individuals and their families. This study contributes to the existing literature by examining the experiences and needs of parents of intersex individuals within genetic healthcare systems, bridging a critical gap, and advocating for more comprehensive and supportive healthcare practices. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with 14 parents of intersex individuals, and reflexive thematic analysis was used to inductively generate four major themes. Themes highlighted the need for improved accessibility of intersex healthcare, the importance of multidisciplinary healthcare teams, and the significance of clinical diagnosis provided by genetics professionals. Furthermore, the study highlighted the necessity of a thoughtful approach to information provision and the impact of genetic investigations on family dynamics. Genetics professionals can play a pivotal role in raising awareness about intersex variations, improving diagnostic processes, collaborating within healthcare teams, and providing specialized support to address psychosocial concerns. The study underscores the importance of treating families as a collective entity and addressing the impact of genetic investigations on the family unit. By addressing the challenges and implementing the recommendations outlined, healthcare institutions can create a more compassionate, inclusive, and effective healthcare environment for the intersex community.
Social and structural drivers of HIV vulnerability among a respondent‐driven sample of feminine and non‐feminine presenting transgender women who have sex with men in Zimbabwe
Authors: Parmley Lauren E. , Miller Sophia S. , Chingombe Innocent , Mapingure Munyaradzi , Mugurungi Owen , Rogers John H. , Musuka Godfrey , Samba Chesterfield , Hakim Avi J. , Harris Tiffany G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionWe sought to characterize social and structural drivers of HIV vulnerability for transgender women (TGW) in Zimbabwe, where TGW are not legally recognized, and explore differences in vulnerability by feminine presentation.MethodsA secondary analysis was conducted with a sub‐sample of participants recruited from a 2019 respondent‐driven sampling survey that comprised men who have sex with men, TGW and genderqueer individuals assigned male sex at birth, from two cities in Zimbabwe. Survey questionnaires captured information related to socio‐demographics, sexual and substance use behaviours, and social and structural barriers to HIV services. Secondary analyses were restricted to participants who identified as female, transfemale or transwomen (236/1538) and were unweighted. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate sample estimates and chi‐square and Fisher's exact tests were used to assess differences in vulnerability by feminine presentation.ResultsAmong 236 TGW, almost half (45.3%) presented as feminine in the 6 months preceding the survey and 8.5% had ever used hormones to affirm their gender identities. Median age among TGW was 23 years (interquartile range: 20–26). Feminine presenting TGW in our sample had higher prevalence of arrest (15.9% vs. 3.9%), rejection by family/friends (38.3% vs. 14.0%), employment termination (11.2% vs. 3.9%), employment refusal (14.0% vs. 3.9%), denial of healthcare (16.8% vs. 2.3%), physical, sexual or verbal harassment or abuse (59.8% vs. 34.1%), alcohol dependence (32.7% vs. 12.4%), recent transactional sex with a male or TGW partner (30.8% vs. 13.3%) and recent non‐injection drug use (38.3% vs. 20.2%) than non‐feminine presenting TGW (all p‐value <0.05).ConclusionsFindings suggest that TGW, particularly feminine presenting TGW, experience social and structural inequities which may contribute to HIV vulnerability. Interventions aimed at addressing inequities, including trans competency training for providers and gender‐affirming, psychosocial and legal support services for TGW, might mitigate risk.