bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analgesic, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects induced by caudal epidural administration of meperidine hydrochloride in mares
Authors: Skarda Roman T. , Muir III William W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the analgesic, hemodynamic, and respiratory effects induced by caudal epidural administration of meperidine hydrochloride in mares.Animals—7 healthy mares.Procedure—Each mare received meperidine (5%; 0.8 mg/kg of body weight) or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution via caudal epidural injection on 2 occasions. At least 2 weeks elapsed between treatments. Degree of analgesia in response to noxious electrical, thermal, and skin and muscle prick stimuli was determined before and for 5 hours after treatment. In addition, cardiovascular and respiratory variables were measured and degree of sedation (head position) and ataxia (pelvic limb position) evaluated.Results—Caudal epidural administration of meperidine induced bilateral analgesia extending from the coccygeal to S1 dermatomes in standing mares; degree of sedation and ataxia was minimal. Mean (± SD) onset of analgesia was 12 ± 4 minutes after meperidine administration, and duration of analgesia ranged from 240 minutes to the entire 300-minute testing period. Heart and respiratory rates, rectal temperature, arterial blood pressures, Hct, PaO2, PaCO2, pHa, total solids and bicarbonate concentrations, and base excess were not significantly different from baseline values after caudal epidural administration of either meperidine or saline solution.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Caudal epidural administration of meperidine induced prolonged perineal analgesia in healthy mares. Degree of sedation and ataxia was minimal, and adverse cardiorespiratory effects were not detected. Meperidine may be a useful agent for induction of caudal epidural analgesia in mares undergoing prolonged diagnostic, obstetric, or surgical procedures in the anal and perineal regions. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1001–1007)
Effects of enalaprilat on cardiorespiratory, hemodynamic, and hematologic variables in exercising horses
Authors: Muir III William W. , Sams Richard A. , Hubbell John A. E. , Hinchcliff Kenneth W. , Gadawski Jennifer 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the effects of IV administration of enalaprilat on cardiorespiratory and hematologic variables as well as inhibition of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity in exercising horses.Animals—6 adult horses.Procedure—Horses were trained by running on a treadmill for 5 weeks. Training was continued throughout the study period, and each horse also ran 2 simulated races at 120% of maximum oxygen consumption. Three horses were randomly selected to receive treatment 1 (saline [0.9% NaCl] solution), and the remaining 3 horses received treatment 2 (enalaprilat; 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, IV) before each simulated race. Treatment groups were reversed for the second simulated race. Cardiorespiratory and hematologic data were obtained before, during, and throughout the 1-hour period after each simulated race. Inhibition of ACE activity was determined during and after each race in each horse.Results—Exercise resulted in significant increases in all hemodynamic variables and respiratory rate. The pH and PO2of arterial blood decreased during simulated races, whereas PCO2remained unchanged. Systemic and pulmonary blood pressure measurements and arterial pH, PO2, and PCO2returned to baseline values by 60 minutes after simulated races. Enalaprilat inhibited ACE activity to < 25% of baseline activity without changing cardiorespiratory or blood gas values, compared with horses administered saline solution.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Enalaprilat administration almost completely inhibited ACE activity in horses without changing the hemodynamic responses to intense exercise and is unlikely to be of value in preventing exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1008–1013)
Use of an antineoepitope antibody for identification of type-II collagen degradation in equine articular cartilage
Authors: Billinghurst R. Clark , Buxton Elizabeth M. , Edwards Michael G. , McGraw Megan S. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To develop an antibody that specifically
recognizes collagenase-cleaved type-II collagen in
equine articular cartilage.

Sample Population—Cartilage specimens from
horses euthanatized for problems unrelated to the
musculoskeletal system.

Procedure—A peptide was synthesized representing
the carboxy- (C-) terminus (neoepitope) of the equine
type-II collagen fragment created by mammalian collagenases.
This peptide was used to produce a polyclonal
antibody, characterized by western analysis for
reactivity to native and collagenase-cleaved equine
collagens. The antibody was evaluated as an antineoepitope
antibody by ELISA, using peptides ± an
amino acid at the C-terminus of the immunizing peptide.
Collagen cleavage was assayed from equine
articular cartilage cultured with interleukin-1 (IL-1), ± a
synthetic MMP inhibitor, BAY 12-9566. Cartilage
specimens from osteoarthritic and nonarthritic joints
were compared for antibody staining.

Results—An antibody, 234CEQ, recognized only collagenase-
generated 3/4-length fragments of equine
type-II collagen. This was a true antineoepitope antibody,
as altering the C-terminus of the immunizing
peptide significantly decreased competition for binding
in an inhibition ELISA. The IL-1-induced release of
type-II collagen fragments from articular cartilage was
prevented with the MMP inhibitor. Cartilage from an
osteoarthritic joint of a horse had increased staining
with the 234CEQ antibody, compared with normal
articular cartilage.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—We generated
an antineoepitope antibody recognizing collagenase-
cleaved type-II collagen of horses. This antibody
detects increases in type-II collagen cleavage in diseased
equine articular cartilage. The 234CEQ antibody
has the potential to aid in the early diagnosis of
arthritis and to monitor treatment responses. (Am J
Vet Res 2001;62:1031–1039)
Barrier pressure at the gastroesophageal junction in anesthetized dogs
Authors: Pratschke Kathryn M. , Bellenger Christopher R. , McAllister Hester , Campion Deirdre 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effect of body position on
barrier pressure at the gastroesophageal junction in
anesthetized Greyhounds and to assess alterations in
barrier pressure following gastropexy.

Animals—8 adult Greyhounds.

Procedure—Barrier pressure at the gastroesophageal
junction was measured by fast (1 cm/s)
and slow (1 cm/10 s) withdrawal of a subminiature
strain gauge transducer through the gastroesophageal
junction in 8 anesthetized dogs. The
effect of body position was measured. Each dog then
was placed in right-lateral recumbency, and gastropexy
was performed in the left flank. Additional
measurements were obtained 1, 5, 10, 20, and 30
minutes after gastropexy.

Results—Barrier pressure for dogs positioned in sternal
recumbency (mean ± SEM, 1.1 ± 0.53 mm Hg)
was significantly less than for dogs positioned in right
lateral or left lateral recumbency. Following gastropexy,
there was a steady increase in barrier pressure.
Thirty minutes after gastropexy, barrier pressure
was significantly higher (13.36 ± 3.46 mm Hg), compared
with the value before surgery.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Barrier pressure
in anesthetized dogs is highly variable and influenced
by body position. This is most likely the result
of anatomic interrelationships between the
diaphragm, stomach, and terminal portion of the
esophagus. Gastropexy also increases barrier pressure
in the immediate postoperative period, which
may be clinically relevant in terms of understanding
how resolution of gastroesophageal reflux disease
associated with hiatal hernia may be affected by gastropexy
combined with hernia reduction. (Am J Vet
Res 2001;62:1068–1072)
Relationship between degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with experimentally induced bovine viral diarrhea virus infection
Authors: Walz Paul H. , Bell Thomas G. , Wells Jennifer L. , Grooms Daniel L. , Kaiser Lana , Maes Roger K. , Baker John C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare degree of viremia and disease manifestations in calves with type-I and -II bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection.Animals—16 calves.Procedure—Colostrum-deprived calves obtained immediately after birth were assigned to 1 control and 3 treatment groups (4 calves/group). Calves in treatment groups were inoculated (day 0) by intranasal instillation of 107median tissue culture infective dose BVDV 890 (type II), BVDV 7937 (type II), or BVDV TGAN (type I). Blood cell counts and virus isolation from serum and leukocytes were performed daily, whereas degree of viremia was determined immediately before and 4, 6, 8, and 12 days after inoculation. Calves were euthanatized on day 12, and pathologic, virologic, and immunohistochemical examinations were performed.Results—Type-II BVDV 890 induced the highest degree of viremia, and type-I BVDV TGAN induced the lowest. Virus was isolated more frequently and for a longer duration in calves inoculated with BVDV 890. A parallel relationship between degree of viremia and rectal temperature and an inverse relationship between degree of viremia and blood cell counts was observed. Pathologic and immunohistochemical examinations revealed more pronounced lesions and more extensive distribution of viral antigen in calves inoculated with type-II BVDV.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Degree of viremia induced during BVDV infection is associated with severity of clinical disease. Isolates of BVDV that induce a high degree of viremia may be more capable of inducing clinical signs of disease. Strategies (eg, vaccination) that reduce viremia may control clinical signs of acute infection with BVDV. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1095–1103)
Use of an orally administered combined sugar solution to evaluate intestinal absorption and permeability in cats
Authors: Johnston Karen L. , Ballèvre Olivier P. , Batt Roger M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate intestinal permeability and absorption in healthy cats in association with diet and normal intestinal microflora.Animals—6 healthy domestic shorthair cats.Procedure—A sugar solution containing D-xylose, 3- 0-methyl-D-glucose, L-rhamnose, lactulose, and51Cr- EDTA was administered intragastrically to healthy cats, and urinary excretion of ingested sugars was determined 5 hours after administration. After the same cats had received metronidazole for 1 month, the study was repeated. A final study was performed while cats were maintained on a new diet differing in composition and processing.Results—Lactulose-to-rhamnose ratios, reflecting intestinal permeability, were higher in cats, compared with values for humans or dogs, and values obtained before and after metronidazole administration (mean ± SEM; before, 0.40 ± 0.08; after, 0.45 ± 0.09) were not significantly different. Intestinal absorption also was unaltered after antibiotic administration, and the xylose-to-glucose ratio was 0.70 ± 0.03 before and 0.71 ± 0.06 after metronidazole administration. Sugar recovery did not differ significantly while cats were maintained on canned or dry food.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reference ranges were established for the percentage urinary recovery of orally administered D-xylose, 3-0-methyl-Dglucose, L-rhamnose, lactulose, and51Cr-EDTA obtained after 5 hours in healthy cats. The intestines of cats appear to be more permeable than those of other species, although the normal bacterial microflora does not appear to influence the integrity or function of the feline intestine, because values obtained for the measured variables before or after antibiotic administration were not significantly different. In addition, differences were not detected when the diet was completely altered. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:111–118)
Determination of optimal immobilizing doses of a medetomidine hydrochloride and ketamine hydrochloride combination in captive reindeer
Authors: Ryeng Kathrine A. , Arnemo Jon M. , Larsen Stig 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To establish optimal immobilizing doses of medetomidine hydrochloride (MED) with ketamine hydrochloride (KET) for hand- and dart-administered injections in captive reindeer.Animals—12 healthy 6- to 9-month-old reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).Procedure—An optimal dose was defined as a dose resulting in an induction time of 150 to 210 seconds, measured from the time of IM injection until recumbency. Initially, each stalled reindeer was immobilized by hand-administered injection. If the induction time was > 210 seconds, the dose was doubled for the next immobilization procedure. If it was < 150 seconds, the dose was halved for the next immobilization procedure. This iteration procedure was continued for each reindeer until an optimal dose was found. Later the reindeer was placed in a paddock and darted with its optimal dose as determined by hand-administered injection. Adjusting to a linear relationship between dose and induction time, optimal darting doses for each reindeer were predicted and later verified.Results—The established mean optimal hand- and dart-administered doses were 0.10 mg of MED/kg of body mass with 0.50 mg of KET/kg, and 0.15 mg of MED/kg with 0.75 mg of KET/kg, producing mean induction times of 171 seconds and 215 seconds, respectively. The mean induction time after darting was 5 seconds greater than the upper limit of the predefined time interval.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The higher dose requirement of MED-KET administration outdoors, compared with indoors, was explained by factors inherent in the darting technique and the different confinements. The iteration and the prediction methods seem applicable for determination of optimal doses of MED-KET in reindeer. The iteration and the prediction procedures may be used to reduce the number of experimental animals in dose-response studies in other species. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:119–126)
Cloning and characterization of a Moraxella bovis cytotoxin gene
Authors: Angelos John A. , Hess John F. , George Lisle W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To identify theMoraxella boviscytotoxin gene.Procedure—Hemolytic and nonhemolytic strains ofM boviswere compared by use of western blotting to identify proteins unique to hemolytic strains. Oligonucleotide primers, designed on the basis of amino acid sequences of 2 tryptic peptides derived from 1 such protein and conserved regions of theCandBgenes from members of the repeats in the structural toxin (RTX) family of bacterial toxins, were used to amplify cytotoxin-specific genes fromM bovisgenomic DNA. Recombinant proteins were expressed, and antisera against these proteins were produced in rabbits.Results—Several proteins ranging in molecular mass from 55 to 75 kd were unique to the hemolytic strain. An open reading frame encoding a 927-amino acid protein with a predicted molecular mass of 98.8 kd was amplified fromM bovisgenomic DNA. The deduced amino acid sequence encoded by this open reading frame was homologous to RTX toxins. Antisera against the recombinant carboxy terminus encoded by this open reading frame neutralized hemolytic and cytolytic activities of nativeM boviscytotoxin.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—A gene was identified inM bovisthat encodes a protein with sequence homology to other RTX toxins. Results of cytotoxin neutralization assays support the hypothesis thatM boviscytotoxin is encoded by this gene and belongs in the RTX family of bacterial exoproteins. Identification of this gene and expression of recombinant cytotoxin could facilitate the development of improved vaccines against infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1222–1228)
Assessment of lithium dilution cardiac output as a technique for measurement of cardiac output in dogs
Authors: Mason Douglas J. , O'Grady Micheal , Woods J. Paul , McDonell Wayne 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To determine agreement of cardiac output
measured by use of lithium dilution cardiac output
(LiDCO) and thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO)
techniques in dogs and to determine agreement of
low- and high-dose LiDCO with TDCO.

Animals—10 dogs (7 males, 3 females).

Procedure—Cardiac output was measured in anesthetized
dogs by use of LiDCO and TDCO techniques.
Four rates of cardiac output were induced by occlusion
of the caudal vena cava, changes in depth of
anesthesia, or administration of dobutamine. Lithium
dilution cardiac output was performed, using 2 doses
of lithium chloride (low and high dose). Each rate of
cardiac output allowed 4 comparisons between
LiDCO and TDCO.

Results—160 comparisons were determined of
which 68 were excluded. The remaining 92 comparisons
had values ranging from 1.10 to 12.80 L/min.
Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between lowdose
LiDCO and TDCO was 0.9898 and between
high-dose LiDCO and TDCO was 0.9896. When all
LiDCO determinations were pooled, ICC was 0.9894.
For determinations of cardiac output < 5.0 L/min, ICC
was 0.9730. Mean ± SD of the differences of TDCO
minus LiDCO for all measurements was -0.084 ±
0.465 L/min, and mean of TDCO minus LiDCO for cardiac
outputs < 5.0 L/min was -0.002 ± 0.245 L/min.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The LiDCO
technique is a suitable substitute for TDCO to measure
cardiac output in dogs. Use of LiDCO eliminates
the need for catheterization of a pulmonary artery and
could increase use of cardiac output monitoring,
which may improve management of cardiovascularly
unstable animals. (Am J Vet Res 2001;62:1255–1261)
Characteristics and management practices associated with milk production in dairy herds in Ohio enrolled in official Dairy Herd Improvement Association programs
Authors: Khaitsa Margaret L. , Wittum Thomas E. , Smith Kenneth L. , Henderson Janet L. , Hoblet Kent H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine herd characteristics and management practices associated with milk production in dairy herds enrolled in official Dairy Herd Improvement Association (DHIA) programs in Ohio. Sample Population—186 dairy farms in Ohio.Procedure—All herds in official DHIA programs in 9 counties were invited to participate. Information regarding herd characteristics and management practices was obtained, using a standardized questionnaire. Bulk-tank milk samples were obtained for bacteriologic culture. Official DHIA test-day records were obtained, and associations were identified, using multivariable ANOVA procedures.Results—Of 479 eligible producers, 186 (39%) participated, and consecutive bulk-tank milk samples were available for culture from 172 (36%).Streptococcus agalactiae and Mycoplasmaspp were not recovered from bulk-tank milk samples, but Staphylococcus aureuswas recovered from 64 (37%) herds. Mean (± SD) number of lactating cows in participating herds was 97 ± 66, with 123 (66%) herds milking < 100 cows. The RHA was significantly associated with number of cows in milk, estimated percentage of herd detected in estrus, reported annual percentage of heifer calves born alive that died before 8 weeks old, percentage days in milk, use of bovine somatotropin during the preceding 2 years, and sex of the person completing the questionnaire.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study, the strongest indicator of milk production was number of cows in milk. However, merely adding cows to a herd should not be considered to guarantee increased milk production, because other management traits could be confounded with increased number of cows in a herd. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1262–1266)
Use of monoclonal antibodies to refine flow cytometric differential cell counting of canine bone marrow cells
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objectives—To evaluate use of monoclonal antibodies
to increase accuracy of flow cytometric differential
cell counting of canine bone marrow cells.

Sample Population—Bone marrow specimens from
15 dogs.

Procedures—Specimens were labeled with monoclonal
antibodies that detected CD18, major histocompatability
antigen class-II (MHC class-II), CD14,
and Thy-1. Location of fluorescent and nonfluorescent
cells within gates of a template developed for canine
bone marrow differential cell counting was determined,
the template was revised, and 10 specimens
were analyzed by use of the old and revised templates
and by labeling cells with anti-MHC class-II and
anti-CD14.

Results—Data confirmed the presumptive location of
marrow subpopulations in scatter plots, permitted
detection of lymphocytes and monocytemacrophages,
and was used to revise the analysis
template used for differential cell counting. When differential
cells counts determined by the original and
revised templates were compared with results of
manual differential cell counts, the revised template
had higher correlation coefficients and more similar
mean values. Labeling cells with anti-MHC class-II
and anti-CD14 permitted identification of lymphoid
and monocyte-macrophages cells in bone marrow
specimens.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of the
revised flow cytometric analysis template combined
with anti-CD14 and anti-MHC class-II antibody labeling
provides reliable differential cell counts for clinical
bone marrow specimens in dogs. These techniques
have potential applications to clinical bone marrow
examination and preclinical toxicity studies. (Am J Vet
Res 2001;62:1273–1278)
Use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry for noninvasive body composition measurements in clinically normal dogs
Authors: Lauten Susan D. , Cox Nancy R. , Brawner William R. , Baker Henry J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine quantitative values for components of body composition in clinically normal dogs of various breeds by use of dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and validate the precision and accuracy of DEXA technology in dogs.Animals—103 clinically normal sexually intact adult dogs.Procedure—In a cross-sectional study, Beagles, Pembroke Welsh Corgis, Golden Retrievers, Great Danes, Pointers, Rottweilers, and nonpurebred dogs received total body DEXA scans. For the validation portion of the study, the results of DEXA scans of 6 dogs were compared with values obtained by chemical analyses of tissues from euthanatized dogs to determine the accuracy of this modality in dogs.Results—Results (coefficient of variation) of the precision tests ranged from 0.10% for lean tissue to 5.19% for fat tissue, whereas accuracy tests revealed a difference between percentage bone mineral content and ash values. Body composition differed by sex, such as higher lean tissue and bone mineral content in males within some breeds, and among breeds. Regardless of body size or weight, the percentage of body weight that was bone mineral ranged from 3 to 4.0%.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results of this cross-sectional study provide valuable body composition data for clinically normal adult dogs, which may have research and clinical applications. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:1295–1301)