bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why did my seizures start now? Influences of lesion connectivity and genetic etiology on age at seizure onset in focal epilepsy
Authors: Macdonald‐Laurs Emma , Warren Aaron E. L. , Leventer Richard J. , Harvey A. Simon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivePatients with focal, lesional epilepsy present with seizures at variable ages. Larger lesion size and overlap with sensorimotor or default mode network (DMN) have been associated with younger age at seizure onset in cohorts with mixed types of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). Here, we studied determinants of age at seizure onset in patients with bottom‐of‐sulcus dysplasia (BOSD), a discrete type of FCD with highly localized epileptogenicity.MethodsEighty‐four patients (77% operated) with BOSD were studied. Demographic, histopathologic, and genetic findings were recorded. BOSD volume and anatomical, primary versus association, rostral versus caudal, and functional network locations were determined. Normative functional connectivity analyses were performed using each BOSD as a region of interest in resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of healthy children. Variables were correlated with age at seizure onset.ResultsMedian age at seizure onset was 5.4 (interquartile range = 2–7.9) years. Of 50 tested patients, 22 had somatic and nine had germline pathogenic mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway variants. Younger age at seizure onset was associated with greater BOSD volume (p = .002), presence of a germline pathogenic variant (p = .04), DMN overlap (p = .04), and increased functional connectivity with the DMN (p < .05, false discovery rate corrected). Location within sensorimotor cortex and networks was not associated with younger age at seizure onset in our relatively small but homogenous cohort.SignificanceGreater lesion size, pathogenic mTOR pathway germline variants, and DMN connectivity are associated with younger age at seizure onset in small FCD. Our findings strengthen the suggested role of DMN connectivity in the onset of FCD‐related focal epilepsy and reveal novel contributions of genetic etiology.
Modification of brain conductivity in human focal epilepsy: A model‐based estimation from stereoelectroencephalography
Authors: Lagarde Stanislas , Modolo Julien , Yochum Maxime , Carvallo Andres , Ballabeni Alice , Scavarda Didier , Carron Romain , Villeneuve Nathalie , Bartolomei Fabrice , Wendling Fabrice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveWe have developed a novel method for estimating brain tissue electrical conductivity using low‐intensity pulse stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) stimulation coupled with biophysical modeling. We evaluated the hypothesis that brain conductivity is correlated with the degree of epileptogenicity in patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy.MethodsWe used bipolar low‐intensity biphasic pulse stimulation (.2 mA) followed by a postprocessing pipeline for estimating brain conductivity. This processing is based on biophysical modeling of the electrical potential induced in brain tissue between the stimulated contacts in response to pulse stimulation. We estimated the degree of epileptogenicity using a semi‐automatic method quantifying the dynamic of fast discharge at seizure onset: the epileptogenicity index (EI). We also investigated how the location of stimulation within specific anatomical brain regions or within lesional tissue impacts brain conductivity.ResultsWe performed 1034 stimulations of 511 bipolar channels in 16 patients. We found that brain conductivity was lower in the epileptogenic zone (EZ; unpaired median difference = .064, p < .001) and inversely correlated with the epileptogenic index value (p < .001, Spearman rho = −.32). Conductivity values were also influenced by anatomical site, location within lesion, and delay between SEEG electrode implantation and stimulation, and had significant interpatient variability. Mixed model multivariate analysis showed that conductivity is significantly associated with EI (F = 13.45, p < .001), anatomical regions (F = 5.586, p < .001), delay since implantation (F = 14.71, p = .003), and age at SEEG (F = 6.591, p = .027), but not with the type of lesion (F = .372, p = .773) or the delay since last seizure (F = 1.592, p = .235).SignificanceWe provide a novel model‐based method for estimating brain conductivity from SEEG low‐intensity pulse stimulations. The brain tissue conductivity is lower in EZ as compared to non‐EZ. Conductivity also varies significantly across anatomical brain regions. Involved pathophysiological processes may include changes in the extracellular space (especially volume or tortuosity) in epileptic tissue.
Artificial intelligence‐enabled smart city management using multi‐objective optimization strategies
Authors: Pinki  , Kumar Rakesh , Vimal S. , Alghamdi Norah Saleh , Dhiman Gaurav , Pasupathi Subbulakshmi , Sood Aarna , Viriyasitavat Wattana , Sapsomboon Assadaporn , Kaur Amandeep 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article outlines an integrated strategy that combines fuzzy multi‐objective programming and a multi‐criteria decision‐making framework to achieve a number of transportation system management‐related objectives. To rank fleet cars using various criteria enhancement, the Fuzzy technique for order of preference by resemblance to optimum solution are initially integrated. We then offer a novel Multi‐Objective Possibilistic Linear Programming (MOPLP) model, based on the rankings of the vehicles, to determine the number of vehicles chosen for the work while taking into consideration the constraints placed on them. The search for optimal solutions to MOPs has benefited from the decades‐long development of classical optimisation techniques. As a result of its potential for use in the real world, multi‐objective optimisation (MOO) under uncertainty has gained traction in recent years. Recently, fuzzy set theory has been used to solve challenges in multi‐objective linear programming. In this paper, we present a method for solving MOPs that makes use of both linear and non‐linear membership functions to maximize user happiness. A hypothetical case study of transportation issue is taken here. This innovative approach improves management for the betterment of transportation networks in smart cities. The method is a more robust and versatile approach to the complex difficulties of contemporary urban transportation because it incorporates the TOPSIS method for vehicle ranking and then using Distance Operator and variable Membership Functions in fuzzy goal programming operation on the selected vehicles. The results provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of each technique, facilitating informed decision‐making in real‐world optimization scenarios.
Evaluation of the full set of habitat suitability models for vulnerable marine ecosystem indicator taxa in the South Pacific high seas
Authors: Bennion Matthew , Anderson Owen F. , Rowden Ashley A. , Bowden David A. , Geange Shane W. , Stephenson Fabrice 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the high seas, regional fishery management organisations are required to implement measures to prevent significant adverse impacts on vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs). Our objectives were to develop habitat suitability models for use in the spatial management of bottom fisheries in the South Pacific and to evaluate these and existing models using independent data from high‐quality seafloor imagery. Presence‐only models for seven VME indictor taxa were developed to complement previous modelling. Evaluation of habitat suitability models using withheld data indicated high mean True Skill Statistic scores of 0.44–0.64. Most habitat suitability models performed adequately when assessed with independent data on taxon presence and absence but were poor surrogates for abundance. We therefore advocate caution when using presence‐only models for spatial management and call for more systematically collected data to develop abundance models.
Trophic impact of an invasive mysid shrimp depends on zooplankton community composition: A mesocosm experiment
Authors: Patonai Katalin , Endrédi Anett , Horváth Zsófia , Borza Péter , Pálffy Károly , Dobosy Péter , Vad Csaba F. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Invasive species are a major threat to the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems, yet their functional roles in the invaded habitats are often poorly understood, especially in omnivores. Their impact on the invaded ecosystems may be strongly dependent on local species composition, but so far there is little evidence to support this.

We ran a mesocosm experiment to test whether the top‐down effect of the widespread omnivorous mysid shrimp of Ponto‐Caspian origin, Limnomysis benedeni, is the function of community composition of the invaded community. Zooplankton communities with different initial composition, dominated by either Cladocera or Copepoda, were crossed with the presence/absence of L. benedeni.

We found that the effect of L. benedeni depended on community composition by suppressing zooplankton biomass only in communities dominated by Cladocera. This is presumably related to the differences in predator avoidance abilities, specifically that the dominant Daphnia species were less efficient in escaping predation by L. benedeni compared to Copepoda. While the elimination of such large planktonic grazers may cascade down to the level of primary producers, we did not find clear evidence for this, as phytoplankton biomass was mostly unaffected during the 2‐week experimental duration.

Based on our results, we urge further proof‐of‐principle experiments coupled with field observations to be able to better predict the effects of invaders on different local communities.
Finding balance: Tree‐ring isotopes differentiate between acclimation and stress‐induced imbalance in a long‐term irrigation experiment
Authors: Vitali Valentina , Schuler Philipp , Holloway‐Phillips Meisha , D'Odorico Petra , Guidi Claudia , Klesse Stefan , Lehmann Marco M. , Meusburger Katrin , Schaub Marcus , Zweifel Roman , Gessler Arthur , Saurer Matthias 
Published: March 2024

AbstractScots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is a common European tree species, and understanding its acclimation to the rapidly changing climate through physiological, biochemical or structural adjustments is vital for predicting future growth. We investigated a long‐term irrigation experiment at a naturally dry forest in Switzerland, comparing Scots pine trees that have been continuously irrigated for 17 years (irrigated) with those for which irrigation was interrupted after 10 years (stop) and non‐irrigated trees (control), using tree growth, xylogenesis, wood anatomy, and carbon, oxygen and hydrogen stable isotope measurements in the water, sugars and cellulose of plant tissues. The dendrochronological analyses highlighted three distinct acclimation phases to the treatments: irrigated trees experienced (i) a significant growth increase in the first 4 years of treatment, (ii) high growth rates but with a declining trend in the following 8 years and finally (iii) a regression to pre‐irrigation growth rates, suggesting the development of a new growth limitation (i.e. acclimation). The introduction of the stop treatment resulted in further growth reductions to below‐control levels during the third phase. Irrigated trees showed longer growth periods and lower tree‐ring δ13C values, reflecting lower stomatal restrictions than control trees. Their strong tree‐ring δ18O and δ2H (O–H) relationship reflected the hydrological signature similarly to the control. On the contrary, the stop trees had lower growth rates, conservative wood anatomical traits, and a weak O–H relationship, indicating a physiological imbalance. Tree vitality (identified by crown transparency) significantly modulated growth, wood anatomical traits and tree‐ring δ13C, with low‐vitality trees of all treatments performing similarly regardless of water availability. We thus provide quantitative indicators for assessing physiological imbalance and tree acclimation after environmental stresses. We also show that tree vitality is crucial in shaping such responses. These findings are fundamental for the early assessment of ecosystem imbalances and decline under climate change.
Continuum of care to advance women as leaders in male‐dominated industries
Authors: O’Brien Wendy , Hanlon Clare , Apostolopoulos Vasso 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWomen who enter professions that have previously been male‐dominated often struggle to rise through ranks to leadership positions. Herein, we present the findings of a 12‐month cross‐sector intervention focused on embedding practices into organizations to create an inclusive organizational environment that fostered the development of women leaders. The intervention focused on three male‐dominated sectors, sport, surgery and trades. Managing the intervention was an Advisory Group that comprised researchers, and leaders from a national member Association and Organization within each sector. The Advisory Group's goal was to provide support and guidance to assist Organizations with the task of changing and challenging their values toward a feminist orientation. Post‐intervention interviews were conducted with women leaders and Advisory Group Members, to examine how Organizations can build their capacity to embed practices and policies to encourage women as leaders. Extending on a conceptualization of continuum of care across three focus areas we discuss how capabilities were affirmed through visible and accessible career pathways; the empowering potential of mentoring and networking; and creating cultures of belonging through addressing unconscious bias.
Understanding the quality‐of‐life experiences of older or frail adults following a new dens fracture: Nonsurgical management in a hard collar versus early removal of collar
Authors: Closs Mia , Brennan Paul , Niven Angela , Shenkin Susan , Eborall Helen , Lawton Julia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroductionIn the United Kingdom, fractures of the cervical dens process in older and/or frail patients are usually managed nonsurgically in a hard collar. However, hard collars can lead to complications and this management approach is now being questioned, with growing interest in maximising patients' short‐term quality‐of‐life. It is vital that patients' perspectives are considered; yet, there is a dearth of literature examining the aspect. To help inform wider decision‐making about use of collar/no collar management of dens fractures in older/frail people, we explored older/frail people's experience of the two management approaches and how they affected their perceived quality‐of‐life.MethodsWe interviewed older and/or frail adults with a recent dens fracture (aged ≥65 years or with a clinical frailty score of ≥5) or their caregiver. Participants were recruited from both arms of a clinical trial comparing management using a hard collar for 12 weeks (SM) with early removal of the collar (ERC) and were interviewed following randomisation and again, 12–16 weeks later. Data were analysed using a framework approach.ResultsBoth participant groups (SM/ERC) reported substantial, negative quality‐of‐life (QoL) experiences, with the fall itself and lack of access to care services and information being frequent major contributory factors. Many negative experiences cut across both participant groups, including pain, fatigue, diminished autonomy and reduced involvement in personally meaningful activities. However, we identified some subtle, yet discernible, ways in which using SM/ERC reinforced or alleviated (negative) QoL impacts, with the perceived benefits/burdens to using SM/ERC varying between different individuals.ConclusionStudy findings can be used to support informed decision‐making about SM/ERC management of dens fractures in older/frail patients.Patient or Public ContributionPublic and patient involvement contributors were involved in the study design, development of interview topic guides and interpretation of study findings.
The impact of bone grafting with/without barrier membrane placement on the outcome of apical surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Flynn Richard , Foschi Federico , Maloney Brian , Creavin Greg , Duncan Henry F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundRegenerative techniques are increasingly being advocated in endodontic apical surgery (AS) to enhance the healing of periapical lesions. Various grafting and membrane materials are employed as adjuncts to modern AS.ObjectivesThis systematic review aimed to answer the following PICO question: In patients with apical periodontitis (P) what is the impact of bone grafting with/without barrier membrane materials (I) compared with surgery without grafting materials (C) on the outcome of AS evaluated clinically and radiographically (O).MethodsA systematic search was conducted in four databases (Embase, Web of Science, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) until 1 August 2023. Google Scholar was also manually searched. Studies with a prospective randomized design were included. Cochrane risk‐of‐bias (RoB) tool 2.0 assessed bias. Two independent reviewers performed the study selection, data extraction and appraisal of studies. Meta‐analysis was performed using R3.5.1 software.ResultsFrom the identified 2582 studies, eight randomized clinical trials were included for meta‐analysis. Two studies had low RoB, while six had some concerns. Analysis revealed significantly better outcomes when surgery involved bone regeneration techniques than conventional surgery (OR = 2.18, 95% CI: 1.32–4.31, p = .004). Subgroup analyses on individual grafts (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: −0.99 to 1.44, p = .720) (OR = −0.09, 95% CI: −1.42 to 1.23, p = .885) and membranes (OR = −1.09, 95% CI: −2.94 to 0.76, p = .247) and their combinations (OR = 0.03, 95% CI: −1.50 to 1.55, p = .970) did not yield any significant results. The type of membrane used did not significantly impact the outcome (OR = −1.09, 95% CI: −2.94 to 0.76, p = .247) nor did altering the combination of graft/membrane.DiscussionThis systematic review examined the effects of bone grafting with/without membrane placement on the outcome of AS. It highlights the potential advantages of regenerative techniques and the need for further research in this area.ConclusionsBased on current evidence, bone grafting with/without barrier membrane placement significantly improves healing after AS. Subgroup analysis of resorbable membranes or grafting did not significantly influence the outcome. The combination of membrane and graft was also not significant. Future well‐designed, randomized controlled trials in this area are essential before these materials can be recommended for routine use to enhance healing outcomes in AS.RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42021255171).
Exploring the difference: Immigrant peers and the imagination of natives
Authors: Alanis‐Amaya Ana , Vargas‐Silva Carlos 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUsing data for the United States, we explore how interactions with immigrants during school age affect imagination during adulthood for native children. The analysis uses The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health survey and focuses on the impact of differences in the number of immigrants across cohorts within schools. Results suggest that exposure to immigrant classmates has positive effects on the long‐term imagination of natives. Increasing the number of immigrants in the grade by 20 students, would increase the likelihood of reporting a high level of imagination during adulthood by three percentage points. We suggest that the effect is not coming via direct friendship with immigrant students, but through increasing exposure to diverse ideas and experiences.
Scopes of practice for advanced practice nursing and advanced practice midwifery in Kenya: A gap analysis
Authors: Ndirangu‐Mugo Eunice , Kimani Rachel Wangari , Onyancha Catherine , Mutwiri Benard Daniel , May Beatrice , Kambo Isabel , Tallam Edna , Koech Nicholas , Mukuna Ann , Henderson Colette , Shumba Constance Sibongile 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is increasing global evidence on the impact of advanced nursing and midwifery practitioners, and Kenya's healthcare system has an excellent opportunity to develop scopes of practice and other regulatory frameworks for the integration of these roles.ObjectiveThe primary purpose of this gap analysis was to explore the existing evidence on opportunities and threats toward the integration of the advanced practice nursing (APN) and advanced practice midwifery (APM) roles in Kenya's healthcare system.MethodsThe study team conducted a structured electronic database search of PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, EBSCOhost Academic Search Complete, and PsycINFO to retrieve articles and credible websites for reports highlighting the opportunities and threats toward the integration of the APN and APM roles in Kenya's healthcare systems. The retrieved articles were screened for relevance and synthesized for reporting using the traditional literature review approach.ResultsThe Kenya Health Policy Framework 2014–2030, growing population needs, and implementation of universal health coverage provide an opportunity to harness and leverage advanced practice roles in nursing and midwifery. There is also momentum to develop advanced practice because of strategic alliances and global evidence showing the contributions and quality of services offered by advanced practice nurses and advanced practice midwives. However, lack of financial support, structural challenges, and lack of national policies, regulations, and legislation continue to obstruct progress.Conclusion and implications for nursing policyDeveloping scopes of practice for APN and APM in Kenya will benefit the professions, the country's healthcare delivery system, and the population. Achieving universal health coverage depends on a health workforce trained and practicing at optimal levels in tandem with education and training to deliver quality care.
Employment strategies in response to the first Covid lockdown: A typology of French workplaces
Authors: Askenazy Philippe , Brébion Clément , Courtioux Pierre , Erhel Christine , Mofakhami Malo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis research connects the literature on crisis management and on firm flexibility to investigate human resource (HR) strategies in response to unexpected crises such as the Covid‐19 pandemic. Leveraging data from French workplaces we identify five main types of strategies implemented during the first lockdown, which go beyond the massive use of teleworking or the use of short‐time work. The analysis demonstrates that a combination of preexisting HR practices (teleworking agreements, wage levels, risk exposure, and health and safety committees) and public policies (short‐time programs, legislation on short‐time contracts, and temps) influences which of these five strategies firms adopt.