bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using an experience-based co-design approach to identify touchpoints and develop strategies for implementing an intravenous iron intervention for pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia in Malawi
Authors: Mamani-Mategula Elisabeth , Von-Dinklage Naomi , Sanabovic Hana , Verbunt Ebony , Prang Khic-Houy , Chipeta Effie , Manda-Taylor Lucinda 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
In low- and middle-income countries, women experiencing anaemia during pregnancy are recommended to take 30 mg to 60 mg of oral iron daily throughout pregnancy. However, oral iron tablets are often poorly tolerated, resulting in low adherence. An alternative to oral iron is intravenous (IV) iron, which is commonly used in high-income countries to enable the rapid restoration of the body’s iron stores. A randomised controlled trial in Malawi is underway to investigate the effectiveness and safety of IV iron compared to standard of care oral iron supplementation to pregnant women with moderate and severe anaemia in in the third trimester (REVAMP-TT). However, strategies for informing the successful implementation of REVAMP-TT trial remain largely unknown. This study used a co-design approach to address this gap.
Methodology:
The co-design process involved two phases: 1) Information gathering—which included conducting interviews with key informants and gathering previous findings from a qualitative formative study on the perceptions and experiences of IV iron treatment for pregnant women experiencing anaemia in Malawi (n = 52) to identify the touchpoints; 2) Two co-design workshops with end-users (n = 20) and healthcare providers (n = 20) to develop strategies for the implementation of REVAMP-TT trial. We mapped the touchpoints to the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 2.0 (CFIR 2.0) and matched the strategies to Expert Recommendations for Implementing Change (ERIC) according to the CFIR-ERIC matching tool.
Results
The following touchpoints were identified: cost of IV iron, lack of available resources and knowledge, local attitudes including myths and misconceptions of IV iron, local conditions affecting access to antenatal care, lack of political will and buy-in from high-level leaders, lack of capability from healthcare providers to deliver IV iron and lack of male involvement to support pregnant women accessing care. The suggested strategies included: providing financial strategies, developing stakeholder relationships, training and educating stakeholders, supporting clinicians, and engaging end-users.
Conclusion
We found that the ability of pregnant women in Malawi to access anaemia screening and treatment depends on the ability to address the perceived obstacles. We developed information, education and communication materials about the risks and consequences of anaemia during pregnancy and treatment to improve the recruitment of pregnant women with anaemia in REVAMP-TT trial. Engaging end-users and relevant stakeholders ensured that the IV iron intervention is tailored to meet their needs, and the implementation strategies are culturally appropriate.
Actinomyces Peritonitis In Setting of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter
Authors: Baumgard Zachary , Horn Cody , Patten Eric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: A patient presents with an exceptionally rare Actinomycesperitoneal dialysis infection, which has only been recorded 4 times prior in literature.
Case presentation: A 46-year-old female with end stage kidney disease on peritoneal dialysis presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath. She recently was hospitalized due to her peritoneal dialysis catheter malfunctioning. During the hospitalization Computed Tomography of her abdomen showed a small amount of ascites around the newly placed peritoneal dialysis catheter. The patient was treated with intraperitoneal ceftriaxone for a total of four total weeks of therapy. The patient had good clinical response and repeat cultures and cell count were unremarkable.
Conclusions: Intraperitoneal antibiotics may be an effective treatment for peritoneal dialysis catheter peritonitis caused by Actinomyces. If the Actinomycesorganism is susceptible to ceftriaxone, it could be a good option for intraperitoneal dialysis due to its once daily dosing and was successful in this case.
Predictors for success and failure in international medical graduates: a systematic review of prognostic factor studies
Authors: Schabort Inge , Abdar Meysam , Couban Rachel , Roberts Nia , Heneghan Carl , Arora Neha , Ashoorion Vahid 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
International Medical Graduates (IMG) are an essential part of the international physician workforce, and exploring the predictors of success and failure for IMGs could help inform international and national physician labour workforce selection and planning.
Methods
We searched 11 databases, including Medline, Embase and LILACS, from inception to February 2022 for studies that explored the predictors of success and failure in IMGs. We reported baseline probability, effect size in relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) and absolute probability change for success and failure across six groups of outcomes, including success in qualifying and certificate exams, successful matching into residency, retention in practice, disciplinary actions, and outcomes of IMG clinical practice.
Results
Twenty-five studies (375,549 participants) reported the association of 93 predictors of success and failure for IMGs. Female sex, English proficiency, graduation recency, higher scores in USMLE step 2 and participation in a skill assessment program were associated with success in qualifying exams. Female sex, fluency in English, previous internship and results of qualifying exams were associated with success in certification exams. Retention to work in Canada was associated with several factors, including male gender, graduating within the past five years, and completing residency over fellowships. In the UK, IMGs and candidates who attempted PLAB part 1, ≥4 times vs first attempters, and candidates who attempted PLAB part 2, ≥3 times vs first attempters were more likely to be censured in future practice. Patients treated by IMGs had significantly lower mortalities than those treated by US graduates, and patients of IMGs had lower mortalities [OR: 0.82 (95% CI: 0.62, 0.99)] than patients of US citizens who trained abroad.
Conclusions
This study informed factors associated with the success and failure of IMGs and is the first systematic review on this topic, which can inform IMG selection and future studies.
Systematic review registration
PROSPERO: CRD42021252678
Photoemission Evidence of a Novel Charge Order in Kagome Metal FeGe
Authors: Jiang Juan , Zhao Zhisheng , Li Tongrui , Li Peng , Wu X. L. , Yao Jianghao , Chen Ziyuan , Yan Ya-Jun , Cui Shengtao , Sun Zhe , Yang Yichen , Jiang Zhicheng , Liu Zhengtai , Louat Alex , Kim Timur , Cacho Cephise , Wang Aifeng , Wang Yilin , Shen Dawei , Feng Donglai 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

A charge order has been discovered to emerge deep into the antiferromagnetic phase of the kagome metal FeGe. However, due to the existence of defects, the as-grown FeGe sample shows a nano-scale phase separation with a short range charge order behavior and this can be removed by annealing procedure where long range charge order phase will be stabilized. Thus, to study its intrinsic origin, the evolution of the low-lying electronic structure across the charge order phase transition of the annealed FeGe sample is investigated with angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. We do not find signatures supporting nesting mechanism between Fermi surface sections or van-Hove singularities for the charge order formation in FeGe. However, two obvious changes in the band structure have been detected, i.e., one electron-like band around the K point and another one around the A point move upward in energy position when the charge order forms. These features can be well reproduced by our density-functional theory calculations, where the charge order is primarily driven by magnetic energy saving via large dimerizations of a quarter of Ge1-sites (in the kagome plane) along the c-axis. Our results provide strong support for this novel charge order formation mechanism in FeGe, in contrast to the conventional nesting mechanism.
Deep learning algorithm for detecting obstructive coronary artery disease using fundus photographs
Authors: Zeng Yong , Ding Yaodong , zhou Sijin , Zhang Gong , Ma Tong , Ju Lie , Cheng Shengjin , Liu Xianxia , Liu Yajuan , Zhang Qihua , Chen Yuzhong , Ge Zongyuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Previous studies validating fundus photographs to provide information about coronary artery disease (CAD) risk are limited. Deep learning further facilitates and enhances the use of fundus photography. Therefore, we aimed to design and prospectively validate a deep learning model for detecting obstructive CADin patients with suspected coronary artery disease.The algorithm was trained to predict obstructive CAD using fundus photographs of 4808 participants in validation group and 1385 patientsin external test group. The performance of the model was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) with the cardiologist's diagnosis as the reference standard and compared to pre-test probability models. The algorithm had an AUC of 0.833 and 0.751 for detecting obstructive CAD in the validation and external test groups, respectively, which was higher than the Updated Diamond Forrester Method and the Duke Clinical Score. The proposed deep learning model has a moderate performance in diagnosing obstructive CAD. The results from this multicenter study advance the development of clinically applicable and interpretable deep learning systems for detecting obstructive CAD from fundus photographs.
Clinical predictors of treatment outcome in Melanesian adults with Tuberculous Meningitis at the Kundiawa General Hospital in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Jnr Stanley Aiwara , Aglua Izzard 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Tuberculous meningitis is the most severe form of extrapulmonary TB and accounted for 5% of 10 million global TB cases in the WHO 2018 report, with mortality as high as 19% in children and 30% in adults. Clinicians in resource-poor settings are often challenged by limited diagnostic and therapeutic options for optimal patient care, and often rely on clinical parameters for diagnosis, treatment, monitoring and outcome.
Aim
This study was done to identify potential clinical predictors of i) 28-day mortality and ii) length of hospitalization, amongst Melanesian adults with TB meningitis at a provincial hospital in Papua New Guinea.
Method
A retrospective observational study was conducted on 65 Melanesian adults with TB meningitis at a provincial hospital in Papua New Guinea between 2015 and 2019.
Result
High case fatality (49%) and mortality rates (2.22 per 100 000 per year) for TB Meningitis were observed in this study. Even higher case fatality of 93% observed for HIV-TBM co-infection. 28-day mortality associated with HIV-TBM co-infection (p-value=0.007, 95% CI 2.49-289.19), positive fluid balance 24-hours after admission (p-value=0.019, 95% CI 1.23-10.19) and admission GCS ≤10 (p-value=0.049, 95% CI 1.01-16.58).
Conclusion
Study showed high case fatality (49%) and mortality rates (2.22 per 100,000 per year) for TB Meningitis in Melanesian adults, with significantly high case fatality (93%) for HIV-TBM co-infection. HIV-TBM co-infection was strongly associated with 28-day mortality whilst a positive fluid balance 24-hours after admission and admission-GCS ≤10 were weakly associated with 28-day mortality.
Elucidating the biotechnological potential of the genera Parageobacillus and Saccharococcus through comparative genomic and pan-genome analysis
Authors: Mol Michael , De Maayer Pieter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background:The genusGeobacillusand its associated taxa have been the focal point of numerous thermophilic biotechnological investigations, both at the whole cell and enzyme level. By contrast, comparatively little research has been done on its recently delineated sister genus,Parageobacillus.Here we performed phylogenomic and pan-genomic analyses on a subset of publicly availableParageobacillusgenomes to elucidate their biotechnological potential.Results:Phylogenomic analysis delineated the compared taxa intotwo distinct genera,ParageobacillusandSaccharococcus. Both genera present open pan-genomes, with the speciesP. toebiibeing characterized with the highest novel gene accrual. Diversification of the two genera is driven through the variable presence of plasmids, bacteriophages and transposable elements. Both genera present a range ofpotentially biotechnologically relevant features, including a source of novel antimicrobials, thermostable enzymes including DNA-active enzymes, carbohydrate active enzymes, proteases, lipases and carboxylesterases. Furthermore, they present a number of metabolic pathways pertinent to degradation of complex hydrocarbons and xenobiotics and for green energy production.Conclusions:Comparative genomic analyses suggest thatParageobacillusandSaccharococcuscan be delineated as two distinct genera, both of which can serve as a rich source of biotechnologically and industrially relevant secondary metabolites, thermostable enzymes and metabolic pathways that warrant further investigation.
Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Optimization for Dispersion Stability of SnO2 nanodispersions using Plackett Burman and Central Composite Design Method
Authors: Ong Chinkhai , Lee Wengnam , Ohberg Patrik , Hayashi Yasuhiko , Nishikawa Takeshi , Yap Yuenkiat 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

This study delves into optimizing the dispersion stability of SnO2 nanoparticles using Response Surface Methodology in two different solvents—deionized water and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone. The critical factors influencing SnO2 dispersion stability, specifically the concentration of nanoparticles, sonication time, and the addition of a surfactant, were considered. The respond surface methodology optimization process involved two stages: a Plackett Burman Design and a Central Composite Design. The Plackett Burman Design identified significant factors impacting the dispersion stability, while the Central Composite Design optimized these factors and quantified their effects. The results demonstrate that, under optimized conditions, SnO2 exhibits better dispersion stability in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone compared to deionized water. Zeta potential measurements further support this, with SnO2 in deionized water showing − 13.5 mV (threshold of agglomeration) and SnO2 in N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone showing − 30.5 mV (moderate stability). This research not only enhances our understanding of the impact of sonication time and the addition of the surfactant in nanoparticle dispersion but also highlights the effectiveness of respond surface methodology in tailoring conditions for stability. The insights gained have broad applications in materials science, paving the way for improved optimization strategies in nanoparticle dispersion studies.
Towards person-centred maternal and newborn care in Ethiopia: a mixed method study of satisfaction and experiences of care
Authors: Eshetu Tigist , Fekadu Eshcolewyine , Abdella Ahmed , Mulushoa Adiyam , Medhin Girmay , Belina Merga , Alem Atalay , Keynejad Roxanne , Robbins Tanya , Seward Nadine , Shennan Andrew , Howard Louise M , Prince Martin , Sandall Jane , Hanlon Charlotte 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Person-centred maternal care is associated with positive experiences in high-income countries. Little is known about the transferability of this concept to non-Western, low-income settings. We aimed to explore women’s experiences of care and investigate satisfaction with antenatal care (ANC) in relation to person-centred care and unmet psychosocial needs in rural Ethiopia.
Methods
Design: facility-based, convergent mixed-method study. A cross-sectional survey included 2079 consecutive women attending ANC at eight health centres. Service satisfaction was measured using a 21-item validated measure. Independent variables: (1) person-centred care (1A: receipt of information; 1B: perceived adequacy of health worker responses) and (2) unmet psychosocial needs (2A: Patient Health Questionnaire for depressive symptoms; 2B: screening questionnaire for intimate partner violence (IPV)). Linear mixed effect regression assessed hypothesized associations between person-centred care/unmet psychosocial needs and service satisfaction, accounting for clustering at the health centre level. A linked qualitative study comprised eight in-depth interviews with women accessing ANC. Structured observations of ANC consultations rated health worker competencies (n = 65) and adherence to guidance promoting person-centred care (n = 53). Qualitative data were analysed thematically and triangulated with quantitative and observational data.
Results
Women reported lowest satisfaction in relation to family involvement (71.5% dissatisfied) and continuity of care (65.7% dissatisfied). As hypothesised, satisfaction increased with more information received (adjusted regression coefficient (ARC) 0.96 95%CI 0.71,1.20) but reported adequacy of help from health workers did not show a dose-response relationship (test-for-trend p = 0.157). Undetected depressive symptoms (ARC − 0.21 95%CI -0.27,-0.15) and IPV (ARC − 1.52; 95%CI -2.43,-0.61) were associated with lower service satisfaction scores. Most observed consultations scored low on most indicators of person-centred care. In qualitative interviews, women valued respectful and responsive communication from health workers, which affected their willingness to disclose psychosocial problems. Triangulation of findings indicated a mismatch between what women valued about care, their reported satisfaction with care and the actual care they were observed to receive.
Conclusions
Systems strengthening interventions to support person-centred maternal care appear contextually relevant but need to increase women’s expectations of care and agency to demand change. Prioritization of person-centred care could improve women’s experience of maternal care and better address psychosocial needs.
Temozolomide-induced glioma cytotoxicity is enhanced by inhibition of Sirt7, which is involved in growth and progression and is regulated by miR-148a-3p
Authors: Wang Jiangting , Sun Kai , Cheng Gang , Li Haima , Lv Wenying , Liang Lei , Gao Mou , Zhang Jianning 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
Glioma is a highly malignant primary nervous system tumor. Temozolomide（TMZ） is a commonly used chemotherapy drug, but drug resistance is increasing. Therefore, finding effective biomarkers can help us to better stratify and individualize treatment. Sirt7 is the latest member of sirtuins, which mainly plays the role of NAD+-dependent histone deacetylase. In recent years, Sirt7 has been reported to be related to the proliferation and oncogenic activity of malignant tumors such as melanoma and colon cancer, but it has been less reported in glioma. This study aimed to explore the role of Sirt7 in glioma by determining its effects on glioma cell proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression; whether Sirt7 knockdown increases the cytotoxicity of TMZ; and the regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) upstream of Sirt7.
Methods
We found that Sirt7 expression was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues and cells and was correlated with tumor grade and patient Survival. We constructed Sirt7 overexpression and knockdown lentivirus for the infection of U87, U251, and LN229 cells, Expression levels of Sirt7 and miR-148a-3p were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blotting. Cell proliferation was measured using the CCK-8 assay. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry. We verified the effect of changes in Sirt7 expression on the cytotoxic effects of TMZ on glioma. Dual luciferase gene reporter assays were used to investigate the targeted regulation of Sirt7 by miR-148a-3p. The effect of SIRT7 on TMZ toxicity in glioma tumorigenesis were assessed using mouse xenotransplantation.
Results
Sirt7 expression was positively correlated with the pathological grade of glioma patients and negatively correlated with patient survival. Both knockdown and overexpression of Sirt7 affected the proliferation, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression in glioma cells and enhanced TMZ-induced cytotoxicity. Sirt7 is a target of miR-148a-3p, and miR-148a-3p expression in glioma tissues and cells was significantly decreased. In xenograft models, knockdown of Sirt7 inhibited tumor growth and enhanced TMZ-mediated antitumor effects.
Conclusion
This study deepens our understanding of the molecular functions of Sirt7, provides evidence that Sirt7 enhances TMZ-induced cytotoxicity in glioma, and demonstrates the potential of Sirt7 as a therapeutic target.
Revealing pore size distribution in cellulose and lignin-cellulose man-made fibers – effect of draw ratio and lignin content
Authors: Bengtsson Jenny , Johnsson Erica , Ulmefors Hanna , Köhnke Tobias , Maloney Thaddeus 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

There are limited methods available for measurement of the porosity of cellulose fibers, even more so for obtaining a pore size distribution. Conventional pore analysis methods require dry samples, with intact pores. However, pores in cellulose fibers collapse when dried from water and thus present a challenge for sample analysis. Furthermore, the pore collapse is partially irreversible (hornification) which should be accounted for in the analysis. In this study, analysis of pore structure was carried out in the wet state with thermoporosimetry and also for critical point dried samples, analyzed with N2 sorption.
This study determines the effect of fiber lignin content and certain spinning parameters on the pore size distribution of spun fibers before and after drying. It could also be concluded that solvent exchange, drying from a non-polar solvent will result in an altered pore size distribution, with a total pore volume greater than if dried from water, however not representative of the never-dried state. It is concluded that thermoporosimetry together with the water retention value (WRV) measurement is a powerful combination to acquire insights to the pore size distribution of spun fiber.
Employing the H-type finned heat exchangers with the circular tube for energy-saving purposes of the spray dryers
Authors: Moghaddam Hossein Reza , Javaherdeh Kourosh 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In this paper, two heat exchangers along with 50% recirculation of exhaust air are used to recover the exhaust heat from the spray dryers and use them to preheat the atomizing and drying air. The H-type finned heat exchangers with circular holes are used here. All of the results are extracted by two different approaches, including standard k-ε and SST k-ω models. First, the influence of different parameters on the performance of the first and second heat exchangers is evaluated. It is shown that the Nusselt number increases by increasing the Reynolds number. While the friction factor of both heat exchangers decreases. Then, the influence of adding heat exchangers on the energy consumption of the factory and spray dryer is estimated. It is shown that the suggested system can be effectively used to 23.52% decrease the energy consumption of the spray dryer.