bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compression Therapy after Thermal Ablation of Varicose Veins: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Su Li , Zhang Ling , Yuan Tao , Ji Li‐Ping , Liu Meng , Li Rong‐Zhen , Lv Hai‐Ling , Guo Shu‐Yun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate whether compression therapy after thermal ablation of varicose veins can improve the prognosis of patients.MethodsSystematic research were applied for Chinese and English electronic databases(PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP Databases). Eligible prospective studies that comparing the efficacy of compression therapy and non‐compression therapy on patients after thermal ablation of varicose veins were included. The interest outcome such as pain, quality of life (QOL), venous clinical severity score (VCSS), time to return to work and complications were analyzed.Results10 studies were of high quality, and randomized controlled trials involving 1,545 patients met the inclusion criteria for this study. At the same time, the meta‐analysis showed that the application of compression therapy improved pain (SMD: ‐0.51, 95% CI: ‐0.95, ‐0.07) but exhibited no statistically significant effect on QOL (SMD: 0.04, 95% CI: ‐0.08, 0.16), VCSS (MD: ‐0.05, 95% CI: ‐1.19, 1.09), time to return to work (MD: ‐0.43, 95% CI: ‐0.90, 0.03), total complications (RR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.27, 1.09), and thrombosis (RR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.62).ConclusionCompression therapy after thermal ablation of varicose veins can slightly relieve pain, but it has not been found to be associated with improvement in other outcomes.
Characterization of blue‐green blood leukocyte inclusions and accompanying clinical, hematologic, and serum biochemical changes in dogs
Authors: Sebastian Kimberley N. , Lucidi Cynthia A. , Scott Michael A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLipofuscin‐like cytoplasmic inclusions have been reported in human blood neutrophils and monocytes but have not been described in dogs. In people, these “green granules of death” have been associated with moderate to severe hepatocellular injury and high mortality.ObjectivesTo describe clinicopathologic abnormalities, diagnoses, and outcomes of dogs with greenish inclusions in blood neutrophils or monocytes, and to determine if the inclusions have features of lipofuscin.MethodsClinical cases were identified prospectively through routine evaluation of CBC samples. Leukocyte inclusions were characterized with routine staining and assessed for iron and autofluorescence. Additional cases were identified by examination of archived blood smears from dogs meeting search criteria for hepatocellular injury, and clinicopathologic findings were recorded.ResultsAll 7 prospectively identified dogs with inclusions had inflammation and moderate to marked increases in serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, as did the 4 dogs identified from the 97 meeting retrospective search criteria. The inclusions were Prussian blue–negative (5/5) with broad‐spectrum autofluorescence (5/5) and the appearance of lipofuscin with and without Wright staining. Most clinical diagnoses involved hepatic disorders (5/7 prospective and 3/4 retrospective cases) or pancreatitis (3/7 prospective and 2/4 retrospective cases), and some involved both; 8 of 11 dogs died within 7 days of admission.ConclusionsBlue‐green cytoplasmic inclusions uncommonly found in blood neutrophils ± monocytes of routine canine blood smears have stained and unstained properties of lipofuscin and suggest the presence of hepatocellular injury, often severe. Reporting these inclusions is recommended to guide clinical management.
Characterization of the zebrafish as a model of ATP-sensitive potassium channel hyperinsulinism
Authors: Juliana Christine A , Benjet Joshua , De Leon Diva D 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionCongenital hyperinsulinism (HI) is the leading cause of persistent hypoglycemia in infants. Current models to study the most common and severe form of HI resulting from inactivating mutations in the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP) are limited to primary islets from patients and theSur1-/-mouse model. Zebrafish exhibit potential as a novel KATPHI model since they express canonical insulin secretion pathway genes and those with identified causative HI mutations. Moreover, zebrafish larvae transparency provides a unique opportunity for in vivo visualization of pancreatic islets.Research design and methodsWe evaluated zebrafish as a model for KATPHI using a genetically encoded Ca2+sensor (ins:gCaMP6s) expressed under control of the insulin promoter in beta cells of anabcc8-/-zebrafish line.ResultsWe observed significantly higher islet cytosolic Ca2+in vivo inabcc8-/-compared withabcc8+/+zebrafish larvae. Additionally,abcc8-/-larval zebrafish had significantly lower whole body glucose and higher whole body insulin levels compared withabcc8+/+controls. However, adultabcc8-/-zebrafish do not show differences in plasma glucose, plasma insulin, or glucose tolerance when compared withabcc8+/+zebrafish.ConclusionsOur results identify that zebrafish larvae, but not adult fish, are a demonstrable novel model for advancement of HI research.
Influence of diabetes and other risk factors on in-hospital mortality following kidney transplantation: an analysis of the Spanish National Hospital Discharge Database from 2016 to 2020
Authors: Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Jimenez-Garcia Rodrigo , Lopez-Herranz Marta , Zamorano-Leon José Javier , Carabantes-Alarcon David , Hernandez-Barrera Valentin , de Miguel-Diez Javier , Carricondo Francisco , Romero-Gomez Barbara , Cuadrado-Corrales Natividad 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionTo assess time trends in incidence, clinical characteristics, complications, and hospital outcomes among patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and patients without diabetes who underwent kidney transplant (KT); to identify variables associated with in-hospital mortality (IHM); and to determine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.Research design and methodsWe used a nationwide discharge database to select KT recipients admitted to Spanish hospitals from 2016 to 2020. We stratified patients according to diabetes status. We used multivariable logistic regression to identify the variables associated with IHM.ResultsA total of 14 594 KTs were performed in Spain (T2D, 22.28%; T1D, 3.72%). The number of KTs rose between 2016 and 2019 and and decreased from 2019 to 2020 in all groups. In patients with T2D, the frequency of KT complications increased from 21.08% in 2016 to 34.17% in 2020 (p<0.001). Patients with T2D had significantly more comorbidity than patients with T1D and patients without diabetes (p<0.001). Patients with T1D experienced KT rejection significantly more frequently (8.09%) than patients with T2D (5.57%).COVID-19 was recorded in 26 out of the 2444 KTs performed in 2020, being found in 6 of the 39 patients deceased that year (15.38%) and in 0.83% of the survivors.The variables associated with IHM were comorbidity and complications of KT. The presence of T1D was associated with IHM (OR 2.6; 95% CI 1.36 to 5.16) when patients without diabetes were the reference category. However, T2D was not associated with a higher IHM (OR 0.86; 95% CI 0.61 to 1.2).ConclusionsThe COVID-19 pandemic led to a decrease in the number of transplants. Patients with T1D have more rejection of the transplanted organ than patients with T2D. Fewer women with T2D undergo KT. The presence of T1D is a risk factor for IHM.
Tale of two zones: investigating the clinical outcomes and research gaps in peripheral and transition zone prostate cancer through a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Amin , Elumalai Thiraviyam , Venkatesulu BhanuPrasad , Hekman Lauren , Mistry Hitesh , Sachdeva Ashwin , Oliveira Pedro , Clarke Noel , Baena Esther , Choudhury Ananya , Bristow Robert G 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo assess pathological characteristics, clinical features and outcomes of patients diagnosed with peripheral zone (PZ) and transition zone (TZ) prostate cancer after prostatectomy.Methods and analysisWe systematically reviewed PubMed, EMBASE and MEDLINE. Primary endpoints were biochemical relapse-free survival (bRFS) and distant metastases rate; secondary endpoints included clinical and pathological features.ResultsTen retrospective cohort studies were identified, six reported HRs for bRFS between PZ and TZ tumours. Patients with TZ tumours had significantly better bRFS (pooled HR 0.57 (0.47, 0.68)) than those with PZ tumours. Two studies reported a lower proportion of distant metastasis in patients diagnosed with TZ tumours compared with PZ tumours (1.5% vs 4.9% (median follow-up 7.0 years) and 0% vs 5% (median follow-up 7.8 years)). PZ tumours presented higher Gleason group and T staging more frequently, while TZ tumours were associated with higher prostate specific antigen levels at diagnosis.ConclusionPZ tumours were associated with poorer prognostic clinical features and outcomes. Despite adjusting for poor prognostic clinical features, PZ tumours consistently showed worse clinical outcomes than TZ tumours. Our systematic review underscores the need for further research comparing PZ and TZ prostate cancer to understand the underlying differences and refine clinical practice.
History and its relevance to contemporary and future leadership
Authors: Bricknell Martin 
Published: April 2024

Background/AimThis paper argues that an inquisitiveness into the history of medicine and healthcare organisation is an important characteristic of a leader seeking to understand why facts are as they are, before embarking on leading change. I had the privilege of 34 years of service in the UK Defence Medical Services, culminating in the most senior role of Surgeon General. I, and many of my military medical colleagues, are members of the Faculty of Medical Leadership and Management. Through this, I hope that we have been able to add an interesting dimension to the practice of medical leadership in UK health organisations.MethodsThis paper is a reflection on my personal experience suggesting that studying the history of military medicine can provide insights into the collective knowledge of previous generations, the process of organisational development during war, and the clinical and system innovations needed for the next war.ResultsThis paper summarises my personal experience of the relevance of the history of military medicine in clinical practice and policy development within the UK Defence Medical Services. It has five sections starting with history as a trajectory of knowledge, and how this links to my personal career. I then show how history informed my leadership influence on policy and practice in four topics: the prevention of heat illness, the organisation of medical services, partnerships in military medicine, and organisational learning. The paper is framed around my personal experience over a career that spanned clinical practice, policy development, leadership on military operations, and finally senior strategic roles.ConclusionWhile I have placed my argument in the context of military medical leadership, I suggest that understanding history is just as important in civilian medical leadership.
Precise QCD predictions for W-boson production in association with a charm jet
Authors: Ridder A. Gehrmann-De , Gehrmann T. , Glover E. W. N. , Huss A. , Garcia A. Rodriguez , Stagnitto G. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe production of a W-boson with a charm quark jet provides a highly sensitive probe of the strange quark distribution in the proton. Employing a novel flavour dressing procedure to define charm quark jets, we compute W+charm-jet production up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) in QCD. We study the perturbative stability of production cross sections with same-sign and opposite-sign charge combinations for the W boson and the charm jet. A detailed breakdown according to different partonic initial states allows us to identify particularly suitable observables for the study of the quark parton distributions of different flavours.
Understanding the Potential of FPGA-based Spatial Acceleration for Large Language Model Inference
Authors: Chen Hongzheng , Zhang Jiahao , Du Yixiao , Xiang Shaojie , Yue Zichao , Zhang Niansong , Cai Yaohui , Zhang Zhiru 
Published: April 2024

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) boasting billions of parameters have generated a significant demand for efficient deployment in inference workloads. While hardware accelerators for Transformer-based models have been extensively studied, the majority of existing approaches rely on temporal architectures that reuse hardware units for different network layers and operators. However, these methods often encounter challenges in achieving low latency due to considerable memory access overhead.
This article investigates the feasibility and potential of model-specific spatial acceleration for LLM inference on field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). Our approach involves the specialization of distinct hardware units for specific operators or layers, facilitating direct communication between them through a dataflow architecture while minimizing off-chip memory accesses. We introduce a comprehensive analytical model for estimating the performance of a spatial LLM accelerator, taking into account the on-chip compute and memory resources available on an FPGA. This model can be extended to multi-FPGA settings for distributed inference. Through our analysis, we can identify the most effective parallelization and buffering schemes for the accelerator and, crucially, determine the scenarios in which FPGA-based spatial acceleration can outperform its GPU-based counterpart.
To enable more productive implementations of an LLM model on FPGAs, we further provide a library of high-level synthesis (HLS) kernels that are composable and reusable. This library will be made available as open-source. To validate the effectiveness of both our analytical model and HLS library, we have implemented Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT) and Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPT2) on an AMD Xilinx Alveo U280 FPGA device. Experimental results demonstrate our approach can achieve up to 13.4× speedup when compared to previous FPGA-based accelerators for the BERT model. For GPT generative inference, we attain a 2.2× speedup compared to Design for Excellence, an FPGA overlay, in the prefill stage, while achieving a 1.9× speedup and a 5.7× improvement in energy efficiency compared to the NVIDIA A100 GPU in the decode stage.
Applications and Opportunities for Immune Cell CAR Engineering in Comparative Oncology
Authors: Rotolo Antonia , Atherton Matthew J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T–adoptive cell therapy has transformed the treatment of human hematologic malignancies. However, its application for the treatment of solid tumors remains challenging. An exciting avenue for advancing this field lies in the use of pet dogs, in which cancers that recapitulate the biology, immunological features, and clinical course of human malignancies arise spontaneously. Moreover, their large size, outbred genetic background, shared environment with humans, and immunocompetency make dogs ideal for investigating and optimizing CAR therapies before human trials. Here, we will outline how challenges in early clinical trials in patients with canine lymphoma, including issues related to autologous CAR T-cell manufacturing, limited CAR T-cell persistence, and tumor antigen escape, mirrored challenges observed in human CAR T trials. We will then highlight emerging adoptive cell therapy strategies currently under investigation in dogs with hematological and solid cancers, which will provide crucial safety and efficacy data on novel CAR T regimens that can be used to support clinical trials. By drawing from ongoing studies, we will illustrate how canine patients with spontaneous cancer may serve as compelling screening platforms to establish innovative CAR therapy approaches and identify predictive biomarkers of response, with a specific emphasis on solid tumors. With increased funding for canine immunotherapy studies, multi-institutional investigations are poised to generate highly impactful clinical data that should translate into more effective human trials, ultimately benefiting both human and canine cancer patients.
The 3D Revolution in Cancer Discovery
Authors: Wang Linghua , Li Mingyao , Hwang Tae Hyun 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
The transition from 2D to 3D spatial profiling marks a revolutionary era in cancer research, offering unprecedented potential to enhance cancer diagnosis and treatment. This commentary outlines the experimental and computational advancements and challenges in 3D spatial molecular profiling, underscoring the innovation needed in imaging tools, software, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to overcome implementation hurdles and harness the full potential of 3D analysis in the field.
Somatic Mutations in Normal Tissues: Calm before the Storm
Authors: Rahal Zahraa , Scheet Paul , Kadara Humam 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
We explore the phenomenon of somatic mutations, including those in cancer driver genes, that are present in healthy, normal-appearing tissues and their potential implications for cancer development. We also examine the landscape of these somatic mutations, discuss the role of clonal cell competition and external factors like inflammation in enhancing the fitness of mutant clones, and conclude by considering how understanding these mutations will aid in prevention and/or interception of cancer.
Cell States in Cancer: Drivers, Passengers, and Trailers
Authors: Gargiulo Gaetano , Serresi Michela , Marine Jean-Christophe 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Cancer is traditionally perceived through a genetic lens, with therapeutic strategies targeting oncogenic driver mutations. We advocate an overarching framework recognizing tumors as comprising driver, passenger, and trailer cell states: Tailoring therapies to simultaneously target driver genetics and cell states may enhance effectiveness and durability.
Chemotherapy and the Extra-Tumor Immune Microenvironment: EXTRA-TIME
Authors: Phan Tri Giang , Weilbaecher Katherine N. , Aft Rebecca , Croucher Peter I. , Chaffer Christine L. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Understandably, conventional therapeutic strategies have focused on controlling primary tumors. We ask whether the cost of such strategies is actually an increased likelihood of metastatic relapse.
Phase-Separated Biomolecular Condensation in Cancer: New Horizons and Next Frontiers
Authors: Bivona Trever G. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Beyond lipid membrane compartments, cells including cancer cells utilize various membraneless compartments, often termed biomolecular condensates, to regulate or organize key cellular processes underlying physiologic or pathologic phenotypes. In this commentary, the emergence of biomolecular condensation in cancer biology is highlighted, with a focus on key unanswered questions and with implications for improving the understanding of cancer pathogenesis and developing innovative cancer management strategies.
Advancing Cancer Interception
Authors: Domchek Susan M. , Vonderheide Robert H. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Rapid advances in technology and therapeutics, along with better methods to discern who is at risk for cancer by genetic testing and other means, has enabled the development of cancer interception. Targeted therapies and “immuno-interception” may eliminate premalignant lesions and require clinical trial and treatment paradigms altogether distinct from current approaches.
Elucidating the Cell Surfaceome to Accelerate Cancer Drug Development
Authors: Geri Jacob B. , Pao William 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
Cell surface proteins represent ideal therapeutic targets because of their accessibility to antibodies, T cell–directed therapies, and radiotherapies, but there are only 25 therapeutically relevant cell surface targets for which cancer therapies are approved in the United States or European Union. This commentary calls for intensified research into mapping the universe of cell surface proteins – the cell surfaceome – in order to accelerate cancer drug development.
The Biden Cancer Moonshot: American Progress, Global Commitment
Authors: Young Catharine G. , Carnival Danielle M. 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
The Biden Cancer Moonshot is mobilizing efforts toward achieving two clear goals that President Joe Biden and First Lady Jill Biden set: prevent more than 4 million cancer deaths by 2047 and improve the experience of people who are touched by cancer. To achieve these ambitious but achievable goals, the Biden Cancer Moonshot is driving progress across the cancer journey utilizing all facets of the oncology community – federal agencies, and departments, private companies, healthcare providers, patient groups, and philanthropies - to end cancer as we know it here in the United States and all around the world.
The Neo-Open Reading Frame Peptides That Comprise the Tumor Framome Are a Rich Source of Neoantigens for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Martin Michael V. , Aguilar-Rosas Salvador , Franke Katka , Pieterse Mark , Langelaar Jamie van , Schreurs Renée , Bijlsma Maarten F. , Besselink Marc G. , Koster Jan , Timens Wim , Khasraw Mustafa , Ashley David M. , Keir Stephen T. , Ottensmeier Christian H. , King Emma V. , Verheij Joanne , Waasdorp Cynthia , Valk Peter J.M. , Engels Sem A.G. , Oostenbach Ellen , van Dinter Jip T. , Hofman Damon A. , Mok Juk Yee , van Esch Wim J.E. , Wilmink Hanneke , Monkhorst Kim , Verheul Henk M.W. , Poel Dennis , Hiltermann T. Jeroen N. , Kempen Léon C.L.T. van , Groen Harry J.M. , Aerts Joachim G.J.V. , Heesch Sebastiaan van , Löwenberg Bob , Plasterk Ronald , Kloosterman Wigard P. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Identification of immunogenic cancer neoantigens as targets for therapy is challenging. Here, we integrate the whole-genome and long-read transcript sequencing of cancers to identify the collection of neo-open reading frame peptides (NOP) expressed in tumors. We termed this collection of NOPs the tumor framome. NOPs represent tumor-specific peptides that are different from wild-type proteins and may be strongly immunogenic. We describe a class of hidden NOPs that derive from structural genomic variants involving an upstream protein coding gene driving expression and translation of noncoding regions of the genome downstream of a rearrangement breakpoint, i.e., where no gene annotation or evidence for transcription exists. The entire collection of NOPs represents a vast number of possible neoantigens particularly in tumors with many structural genomic variants and a low number of missense mutations. We show that NOPs are immunogenic and epitopes derived from NOPs can bind to MHC class I molecules. Finally, we provide evidence for the presence of memory T cells specific for hidden NOPs in peripheral blood from a patient with lung cancer. This work highlights NOPs as a major source of possible neoantigens for personalized cancer immunotherapy and provides a rationale for analyzing the complete cancer genome and transcriptome as a basis for the detection of NOPs.