bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Silicon applications in rice plants alter the stylet probing behaviors of Glyphepomis spinosa (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: Coutinho Walter Baida Garcia , da Silva Franciele Cristina , Barrigossi José Alexandre Freitas , de Sousa Almeida André Cirilo , Gonçalves de Jesus Flávio 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The stink bug Glyphepomis spinosa Campos & Grazia (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) is a potential rice pest in Brazil. This study evaluates the interaction between silicon sources and 3 rice cultivars (BRS Esmeralda, Canela de Ferro, and IRGA 417) and examines how increasing silicon levels affect the stylet probing behavior of G. spinosa. The experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with a 3 × 3 factorial scheme (silicon sources: calcium silicate, potassium silicate, a control, and 3 rice cultivars). Fertilizing rice plants with Si altered the probing behavior of the stink bug G. spinosa. The cultivar interaction by Si source was significant in a few variables. This was evidenced by longer periods without ingestion, prolonged time to the first stylet probe (initial probing), and less time spent in cellular maceration. This result supports the use of electropenetrography as a tool to evaluate resistance inducers in plants.
Conditional Rebates and Intel: A Step Backwards by any Standard?
Authors: Cole Matthew 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper considers the law on conditional rebates. It sets out the changes introduced by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) Intel decision and how these have been applied in the General Court Intel Renv case. It is explained that the changes are part of a broader move to bring EU competition law in line with a Consumer Welfare Standard (CWS). An analysis of the new test then reveals that it is flawed for five reasons: the new test ignores the fact that low prices and exclusion are separable. The test incorporates the As-Efficient Competitor test, which only protects firms with low costs, not those that are more competitive as a whole. The test introduces a new standard of harm, which means that the law no longer prevents the restriction of competition, but rather prevents making it impossible for a firm with the same costs as the dominant undertaking to compete, which is a different standard. The new standard diminishes the deterrent effect of the law. Finally, compared with the original test, the CJEU test fails to maximize consumer surplus (despite that being the aim of the CWS). Therefore, there is no reason to retain the test and it is recommended that it is reversed.
School-Based Mobile Clinics to Improve Vaccine Access: A Cross-sectional Study of COVID-19 Vaccination
Authors: Mohareb Amir M , Deukmejian Miriam , Guerra Castillo Cesar , Brown Tyler S , LaRocque Regina , Taveras Elsie , Sarin Gupta Priya 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
School-based COVID-19 vaccine clinics were more likely to vaccinate children who identified as a racial minority, who lacked a regular source of primary care, and who lacked private insurance compared to those vaccinated in non-school-based community locations.
Medical statisticians: Always on tap but never on top?
Authors: Bunce Catey , Price Gill , Day Simon , Kanaan Mona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Working life for some medical statisticians can be dissatisfying, with a sense of playing second fiddle, according to research described here by Catey Bunce, Gill Price, Simon Day and Mona Kanaan on behalf of the Royal Statistical Society Medical Section
The story of the R number: How an obscure epidemiological figure took over our lives. Part 2: Modelling
Authors: Freeguard Gavin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How do you build a complex epidemiological model in record time with little or no reliable data? In the second instalment of his six-part series, Gavin Freeguard describes how different modelling groups in the UK used different data sources and assumptions to try to understand Covid-19 infection rates, and how this diversity proved to be a strength rather than a weakness
Show and tell: Stats communicators share their stories
Authors: Bennett Hayley , Chivers Tom 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One of the biggest challenges facing any statistician is communicating their work to people who don’t eat, sleep and breathe data to the extent they do. Even the most thorough courses in statistics can leave students – be they undergraduates or PhD candidates – at a loss as to how to share their knowledge effectively and persuasively, be it via a work presentation or TED talk, personal blog or magazine article, newsletter, X thread, or even just a conversation with a boss or friend.
So how do we help the non-expert get their head around complex statistics, and at the same time find our voices as messengers? In this special feature, we ask three of the best stats communicators working today to tell us what they do, and how and why they do it. Because rarely does the data speak for itself.
What happens when you combine creativity with data nous? Daniel Parris tells Hayley Bennett about his unorthodox journey into the statistics world, and why he started his must-read newsletter for numerate culture-vultures
Want to create more memorable data viz? Take your time, go for a walk and remember it’s OK to suck at the start, Alli Torban tells Hayley Bennett
As a science writer for British newspapers, author of popular books on statistical matters and twice winner of the Royal Statistical Society’s award for statistical excellence in journalism, Tom Chivers is versed in demystifying complex concepts for mainstream readers. His latest book explains Bayes’ theorem to the non-statistician.
Similarity to earthquakes again: periodic radio pulses of the magnetar SGR 1935+2154 are accompanied by aftershocks like fast radio bursts
Authors: Tsuzuki Yuya , Totani Tomonori , Hu Chin-Ping , Enoto Teruaki 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
It was recently discovered that the time correlations of repeating fast radio bursts (FRBs) are similar to earthquake aftershocks. Motivated by the association between FRBs and magnetars, here we report correlation function analyses in the time-energy space for the 563 periodic radio pulses and the 579 X-ray short bursts from the magnetar SGR 1935+2154, which is known to have generated FRBs. Although radio pulses are concentrated near the fixed phase of the rotational cycle, we find that when multiple pulses occur within a single cycle, their correlation properties (aftershock production probability, aftershock rate decaying in power of time, and more) are similar to those of extragalactic FRBs and earthquakes. A possible interpretation is that the radio pulses are produced by rupture of the neutron star crust, and the first pulse within one cycle is triggered by external force periodically exerted on the crust. The periodic external force may be from the interaction of the magnetosphere with material ejected in an outburst. For X-ray bursts, we found no significant correlation signal, though correlation on the same time-scale as radio pulses may be hidden due to the long event duration. The aftershock similarity between the periodic radio pulsation and FRBs is surprising, given that the two are energetically very different, and therefore the energy sources would be different. This suggests that the essence of FRB-like phenomena is starquakes, regardless of the energy source, and it is important to search for FRB-like bursts from neutron stars with various properties or environments.
Liquid biopsy for improving diagnosis and monitoring of CNS lymphomas: A RANO review
Authors: Nayak Lakshmi , Bettegowda Chetan , Scherer Florian , Galldiks Norbert , Ahluwalia Manmeet , Baraniskin Alexander , von Baumgarten Louisa , Bromberg Jacoline E C , Ferreri Andrés J M , Grommes Christian , Hoang-Xuan Khê , Kühn Julia , Rubenstein James L , Rudà Roberta , Weller Michael , Chang Susan M , van den Bent Martin J , Wen Patrick Y , Soffietti Riccardo 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The utility of liquid biopsies is well documented in several extracranial and intracranial (brain/leptomeningeal metastases, gliomas) tumors.

Methods
The RANO (Response Assessment in Neuro-Oncology) group has set up a multidisciplinary Task Force to critically review the role of blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)–liquid biopsy in CNS lymphomas, with a main focus on primary central nervous system lymphomas (PCNSL).

Results
Several clinical applications are suggested: diagnosis of PCNSL in critical settings (elderly or frail patients, deep locations, and steroid responsiveness), definition of minimal residual disease, early indication of tumor response or relapse following treatments, and prediction of outcome.

Conclusions
Thus far, no clinically validated circulating biomarkers for managing both primary and secondary CNS lymphomas exist. There is need of standardization of biofluid collection, choice of analytes, and type of technique to perform the molecular analysis. The various assays should be evaluated through well-organized central testing within clinical trials.
Managing gender-inclusive, just energy transitions in South Asia
Authors: Mohideen Reihana , Kolantharaj Jaimes 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The demand for a Just Transition (JT) is gaining momentum internationally and has important implications for the energy and power sectors. This paper draws on &gt;10 years of practice integrating gender equality and social inclusion considerations in the energy and power sectors in low- and middle-income countries in South Asia and examines JTs in the energy and power sectors with a focus on gender equality. It includes a brief history of JT frameworks. The paper outlines the energy transition in South Asia, including progress towards net zero based on countries’ Nationally Determined Contributions and some country strategies for integrating gender elements. It includes a brief energy audit that examines trends towards the incorporation of greater shares of renewables over the past two decades, the gender-related implications of distributed generation and demand-side participation, and the gender-related impacts on employment. Drawing on this landscape, the paper goes on to examine the transformation of the energy sector in the Maldives as a case study, with a focus on gender considerations, and draws out some key lessons for a gender-inclusive just energy transition (JET). The paper then proposes a gender and socially inclusive domains framework to guide policy and planning.
Novel Surface Topographic Assessment of Lung Volume and Pulmonary Function Tests in Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Heyer Jessica H. , Wisch Jenna L. , Nagra Kiran K. , Thakur Ankush , Hillstrom Howard J. , Groisser Benjamin N. , Zucker Colson P. , Cunningham Matthew E. , Hresko M. Timothy , Haddas Ram , Blanco John S. , Di Maio Mary F. , Widmann Roger F. 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
Severe spinal deformity results in restrictive pulmonary disease from thoracic distortions and lung-volume limitations. Though spirometry and body plethysmography are widely accepted tests for pulmonary function tests (PFTs), they are time-consuming and require patient compliance. This study investigates whether surface topographic [surface topography (ST)] measurements of body volume difference (BVD) and torso volume difference between maximum inhale and exhale correlate to values determined on PFTs.

Methods:
This study included patients with idiopathic scoliosis and thoracic/thoracolumbar curves ≥40 degrees. Patients received ST scans, clinical examinations, and EOS biplanar radiographs on the same day. PFTs were performed within 3 months of ST/radiographic analysis. Univariate linear regression analysis was used to examine relationships between BVD, PFT values, and mean curves.

Results:
Sixteen patients (14.6 ± 2.2 y, 69% females) with idiopathic scoliosis and mean thoracic/thoracolumbar curves of 62 degrees ± 15˚ degrees (45 degrees to 93 degrees) were assessed. BVD displayed statistically high-positive positive correlations with forced vital capacity (R = 0.863, P < 0.0001), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (R = 0.870, P < 0.001), vital capacity (R = 0.802, P < 0.0001), and TLC (R = 0.831, P < 0.0001. Torso volume difference showed similarly high positive correlations to forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 second, vital capacity, and TLC, but not residual volume. No correlations emerged between the mean thoracic/thoracolumbar curve and BVD or PFT values.

Conclusion:
This study strongly endorses further investigation into ST scanning as an alternative to traditional PFTs for assessing pulmonary volumes. The noncontact and noninvasive nature of ST scanning presents a valuable alternative method for analyzing thoracic volume, particularly beneficial for patients unable to cooperate with standard PFTs.

Level of Evidence:
Level II—prognostic.
Are Generative Pretrained Transformer 4 Responses to Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip Clinical Scenarios Universal? An International Review
Authors: Luo Shaoting , Canavese Federico , Aroojis Alaric , Andreacchio Antonio , Anticevic Darko , Bouchard Maryse , Castaneda Pablo , De Rosa Vincenzo , Fiogbe Michel Armand , Frick Steven L. , Hui James H. , Johari Ashok N. , Loro Antonio , Lyu Xuemin , Matsushita Masaki , Omeroglu Hakan , Roye David P. , Shah Maulin M. , Yong Bicheng , Li Lianyong 
Published: April 2024

Objective:
There is increasing interest in applying artificial intelligence chatbots like generative pretrained transformer 4 (GPT-4) in the medical field. This study aimed to explore the universality of GPT-4 responses to simulated clinical scenarios of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) across diverse global settings.

Methods:
Seventeen international experts with more than 15 years of experience in pediatric orthopaedics were selected for the evaluation panel. Eight simulated DDH clinical scenarios were created, covering 4 key areas: (1) initial evaluation and diagnosis, (2) initial examination and treatment, (3) nursing care and follow-up, and (4) prognosis and rehabilitation planning. Each scenario was completed independently in a new GPT-4 session. Interrater reliability was assessed using Fleiss kappa, and the quality, relevance, and applicability of GPT-4 responses were analyzed using median scores and interquartile ranges. Following scoring, experts met in ZOOM sessions to generate Regional Consensus Assessment Scores, which were intended to represent a consistent regional assessment of the use of the GPT-4 in pediatric orthopaedic care.

Results:
GPT-4’s responses to the 8 clinical DDH scenarios received performance scores ranging from 44.3% to 98.9% of the 88-point maximum. The Fleiss kappa statistic of 0.113 (P = 0.001) indicated low agreement among experts in their ratings. When assessing the responses’ quality, relevance, and applicability, the median scores were 3, with interquartile ranges of 3 to 4, 3 to 4, and 2 to 3, respectively. Significant differences were noted in the prognosis and rehabilitation domain scores (P < 0.05 for all). Regional consensus scores were 75 for Africa, 74 for Asia, 73 for India, 80 for Europe, and 65 for North America, with the Kruskal-Wallis test highlighting significant disparities between these regions (P = 0.034).

Conclusions:
This study demonstrates the promise of GPT-4 in pediatric orthopaedic care, particularly in supporting preliminary DDH assessments and guiding treatment strategies for specialist care. However, effective integration of GPT-4 into clinical practice will require adaptation to specific regional health care contexts, highlighting the importance of a nuanced approach to health technology adaptation.

Level of Evidence:
Level IV.
Skin–Tarsus–Skin Combined with Orbicularis–Tarsus–Orbicularis Fixation Technique Creates a Double Eyelid: A Case Series
Authors: Xiong Tingfeng , Ye Qing 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The skin–tarsus–skin and orbicularis–tarsus–orbicularis fixation methods are widely used in double-eyelid surgery. Both methods have limitations. In this study, the two surgical methods were integrated and applied to form a stable double eyelid that mimics the natural physiological structure with minimal visible scarring.

Methods:
At the inner, middle, and outer sites of the double-eyelid line, 7-0 silk sutures were passed successively through the orbicularis oculi muscle at the lower edge of the incision, the tarsus/anterior tarsus tissue, and the orbicularis oculi muscle at the upper edge of the incision, and the skin was sutured with 8-0 thread. The remaining parts were fixed with 8-0 silk sutures successively passed through the skin at the lower edge of the incision, tarsus/anterior tarsus tissue, and skin at the upper edge of the incision. Scar formation, incidence of complications, and patient satisfaction were observed and recorded during follow-up.

Results:
Fifty-eight patients were included. The follow-up ranged from 3 to 24 months (mean, 8 months) with 47 patients undergoing primary and 11 secondary/revision surgery. Twelve cases showed slight linear scars and in 46 cases, surgical marks were almost invisible, and there were no dynamic depressed scars. Evaluation of patient satisfaction showed high satisfaction scores (VAS score, 8.56 ± 0.51). The main reason for dissatisfaction was asymmetry of the double eyelid. There were no significant complications.

Conclusion:
A skin–tarsus–skin combined with orbicularis–tarsus–orbicularis fixation technique can produce a long-lasting, natural-looking double eyelid.
Training in Vascular Microsurgery: The Ex Vivo Biological Model on Domestic Turkey Leg (Meleagris gallopavo)
Authors: La Torre Francesca , Manfellotto Vincenzo , Mazzarella Vincenzo , Sorbino Luigi , D’Alessio Matteo , Petroccione Carlo , Nicoletti Maria Maddalena , Ferraro Giuseppe Andrea , Pieretti Gorizio 
Published: April 2024

Summary:
There are various models for practicing microsurgical anastomoses, from synthetic to ex vivo and in vivo biological ones. In this study, we present the domestic turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) as an ex vivo biological model in the practice of surgical anastomoses. In our opinion, it represents a model that is very similar to a human one, low cost, and easy to find. In fact, our study shows that the diameters of the arteries and veins used for anastomoses (tibial artery diameter: 2.5 ± 0.6 mm; tibial vein diameter: 3.5 ± 1.2 mm) are similar to those of human arteries and veins most frequently used in microsurgical free flaps. So, we believe that this animal model is a great model for microsurgical training for doctors who approach this difficult and long to learn discipline.
Extending the Range of Measurement for Minimally Invasive Treatments by Adding New Concepts to FACE-Q Aesthetics Scales
Authors: Klassen Anne F. , Pusic Andrea L. , Kaur Manraj , Rae Charlene , Poulsen Lotte , Mansouri Jasmine , Tsangaris Elena , Dayan Steven , Klok Jennifer , Armstrong Kathleen , Santosa Katherine , Cano Stefan 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The Satisfaction with Face Overall and Psychological Function scales are the most frequently used FACE-Q Aesthetics module scales. This study aimed to extend their range of measurement by adding and testing new concepts. We aimed to create FACE-Q Aesthetics item libraries.

Methods:
In-depth concept elicitation interviews were conducted. Concepts were formed into items and refined through multiple rounds of patient and expert input. The items were tested with people living in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom who had minimally invasive facial aesthetic treatments. Participants were recruited through an online platform (ie, Prolific). Psychometric properties were examined using Rasch measurement theory analysis, test–retest reliability, and construct validity.

Results:
We conducted 26 interviews. New concepts were developed into items and refined with input from 12 experts, 11 clinic patients, and 184 Prolific participants. A sample of 1369 Prolific participants completed 52 appearance and 22 psychological items. After removing 10 and 2 items respectively, the psychometric tests provided evidence of reliability with the person separation index, Cronbach alpha, and test–retest reliability values without extremes of 0.88 or more. For validity, lower scores were associated with looking older than one’s age, being more bothered by facial skin laxity, treatment wearing off, and having deeper lines on Merz Assessment scales. Short-form scales formed from the 42 appearance items provide examples of item library application.

Conclusions:
This study provides an innovative means to customize scales to measure appearance and psychological function that maximizes content validity and minimizes respondent burden in the context of minimally invasive treatments.
Association of Chronotype and Shiftwork With COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Quan Stuart F. , Weaver Matthew D. , Czeisler Mark É. , Barger Laura K. , Booker Lauren A. , Howard Mark E. , Jackson Melinda L. , Lane Rashon I. , McDonald Christine F. , Ridgers Anna , Robbins Rebecca , Varma Prerna , Rajaratnam Shantha M.W. , Czeisler Charles A. 
Published: April 2024

Objective
This study assesses whether chronotype is related to COVID-19 infection and whether there is an interaction with shift work. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional survey of 19,821 U.S. adults. Results: COVID-19 infection occurred in 40% of participants, 32.6% morning and 17.2% evening chronotypes. After adjusting for demographic and socioeconomic factors, shift/remote work, sleep duration, and comorbidities, morning chronotype was associated with a higher (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.10–1.21) and evening chronotype with a lower (aOR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.78–0.87) prevalence of COVID-19 infection in comparison to an intermediate chronotype. Working exclusively night shifts was not associated with higher prevalence of COVID-19. Morning chronotype and working some evening shifts was associated with the highest prevalence of previous COVID-19 infection (aOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.28–2.74). Conclusion: Morning chronotype and working a mixture of shifts increase risk of COVID-19 infection.
Metastatic Lung Adenocarcinoma Received Combined 177Lu-FAP-2286 Radiation Therapy and Targeted Therapy
Authors: Yang Hongyu , Liu Huipan , Zhang Yu , Zhang Yu , Chen Yue 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A 56-year-old man with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma received combined 177Lu-FAP-2286 radiation therapy and targeted therapy. After 1 treatment cycle, improvement of symptoms and radiological remission was observed. Moreover, the patient did not report any adverse effects.