bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO EVOLUTIONARY DIVERGENCE AND ENDEMISM IN SEDUM SECTION GORMANIA (CRASSULACEAE)
Authors: Denton Melinda F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAll 12 of the taxa in Sedum section Gormania are geographically restricted to western North America, occurring on a variety of rock outcrops that range in elevation from 55 to nearly 3700 meters. Evolutionary divergence of the taxa has been facilitated by temporal isolation of the flowering periods, cytological differentiation, and changes in the breeding systems. Species adaptation and restriction to particular substrates that are isolated in the geologically diverse Klamath region appear to have fostered narrow endemism of some of the taxa. Four of the taxa are putative relicts and are characterized as diploids, morphologically homogeneous, highly self‐compatible, and narrowly restricted at low elevations to a single type of substrate. Vegetative reproduction in the relictual taxa is much less than that in related taxa. Those taxa that appear to be more recently evolved have at least two of the following features: tetraploidy or hexaploidy, morphological heterogeneity, extensive vegetative reproduction, low level of self‐compatibility, occurrence on geologically recent substrates, or a wide distribution.
ACTA PHYTOTAXONOMICA SINICA—A BIBLIOGRAPHIC SUMMARY OF PUBLISHED VOLUMES
Authors: Spongberg S. A. , Boufford D. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA bibliographic summary of Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica is presented. Publication dates, numbers per volume and other pertinent information were determined in part from an examination of holdings in the Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Beijing.
COMAROSTAPHYLIS DISCOLOR (HOOKER) DIGGS (ERICACEAE), A NEW COMBINATION REPLACING C. ARGUTA ZUCC.
Authors: Diggs George M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryComarostaphylis discolor (Hooker) Diggs, a new combination based on Arbutus discolor Hooker, is shown to be the correct name for Comarostaphylis arguta Zucc. Comarostaphylis arguta and Arbutus discolor are lectotypified.
A FEW LINNAEAN SPECIFIC NAMES TYPIFIED BY THE ILLUSTRATIONS IN RHEEDE'S HORTUS INDICUS MALABARICUS
Authors: Majumdar N. C. , Bakshi D. N. Guha 
Published: April 2006

SummaryEleven specific names for plants described from South India in Hortus Indicus Malabaricus are typified with the Rheede Illustrations.
THE REDISCOVERY AND TYPIFICATION OF TETRAMICRA URBANIANA COGNIAUX (ORCHIDACEAE) FROM THE BAHAMA ISLANDS
Authors: Sauleda Ruben P. , Adams Ralph M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe rediscovery of Tetramicra urbaniana Cogniaux from Andros, Bahama Islands, is reported. The taxonomic history of this species is discussed. In the absence of a holotype, a lectotype is designated. The first comprehensive English description together with the first illustrations of T. urbaniana are included.
INFRASPECIFIC TERPENOID VARIATION INJUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM:EVIDENCE FOR PLEISTOCENE REFUGIA AND RECOLONIZATION IN WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Adams Robert P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPopulations ofJuniperus scopulorumwere sampled throughout its range and the steam volatile terpenoids removed for chemosystematic study. Canonical variate analysis revealed three major trends: isolation of the Puget Sound‐Vancouver Island populations for a considerable time; differentiation of populations from northern Mexico dating to pre‐Pleistocene (?); and a possible Pleistocene refugium in eastern Oregon for the (re)colonization of the glaciated British Columbian populations ofJ. scopulorum.Pleistocene glaciopluvial periods are reviewed as to their effects on vegetation and past distributions ofJ. scopulorum.Hybridization and introgression ofJ. scopulorumwithJ. horizontalisandJ. virginianais examined in light of both the present and past distributions of these taxa. Interspecific relationships are also examined betweenJ. scopulorum, J. blancoi, J. horizontalis, andJ. virginiana.
THE UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA HERBARIUM (GA) OPTICAL‐SCAN DATA ENCODING SYSTEM
Authors: Jones S. B. , Coile N. C. , Martin R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe development of an optical‐scan data encoding system at the University of Georgia Herbarium is discussed. Procedures have been developed which will allow encoding of the 80‐90 thousand sheets of the flora of Georgia housed at GA. The system is currently in operation. Our philosophy and experiences associated with the use of the optical‐scan system are highlighted. Feedback regarding the system is requested from the systematics community.
GEOGRAPHIC RACES OF CONOCEPHALUM (MARCHANTIALES) AS DEFINED BY FLAVONOID CHEMISTRY
Authors: Porter Lawrence J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn earlier proposal that Conocephalum conicum may exist as a group of geographic races is supported by a more extensive survey of the flavonoid glycosides isolated from samples across its Northern Hemisphere distribution. European, North American, and Asian samples are clearly distinguished, and sub‐groups may be recognised within these broad subdivisions. The local Sino‐Japanese species C. supradecompositum is clearly distinguished on the basis of flavonoid glycosides from C. conicum.
ANDROECIUM AND PISTIL CHARACTERS FOR TRIBE VICIEAE (FABACEAE)
Authors: Gunn Charles R. , Kluve Janet 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFive genera are recognized in the tribe Vicieae (Adanson) de Candolle ex Seringe (Fabaceae): Cicer Linnaeus, Lathyrus Linnaeus, Lens P. Miller, Pisum Linnaeus, and Vicia Linnaeus. A recently proposed genus, Vavilovia Fedorov, is placed in synonymy under Pisum, and a new subgenus is founded. Another recently proposed genus, Anatropostylia (Plitmann) Kupicha, is placed in synonymy under Vicia. Flowers of 261 of approximately 350 recognized species were surveyed for these characters: type of filament apex, type of androecial sheath apex, stigma shape, style shape, stylar hair pattern, type of stylar base, and ovary surface. These data are condified and illustrated.
CONSERVATION OF NOTODANTHONIA ZOTOV (GRAMINEAE)
Authors: Veldkamp J.F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA danthonoid genus of grasses with about 52 species occurs from South America through New Zealand and Australia to Malesia. Most species occur in New Zealand (23) and Australia (28), and especially in the first country are best known as Notodanthonia Zotov (1963). There are older synonyms, however. The type of Plinthanthesis Steud. (1853) is not P. urvillei Steud., but P. tenuior Steud., a Notodanthonia. Plinthanthesis is proposed for rejection and in the sense of S. T. Blake (1972) renamed Blakeochloa Veldk., nom. nov. Rytidosperma Steud. (1854) has recently been revised for South America (5 species); the type is R. lechleri Steud., identical with R. glabra (Phil.) Nicora.; Notodanthonia has been placed in its synonymy, but the necessary new combinations have not yet been made (about 50). Monostachya Merr. (1910) from Malesia (1 species) is linked by intermediate species to Notodanthonia. Notodanthonia is proposed for conservation as it is the best known for the genus, longest in general use, and the least new combinations are required.
THE LECTOTYPE OF THE GENERIC NAME BIGNONIA—AGAIN
Authors: Wilbur Robert L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDispute over the lectotypification of the Linnaean genus Bignonia has resulted in numerous conflicting nomenclatural papers during the past century. Repeated interpretations of the protologue and study of both pre‐ and post‐1753 usage have failed to provide a generally accepted type resulting in considerable nomenclatural confusion. Strict application of the Code, in my opinion, results in the acceptance of Bignonia unguis‐cati L. as the generic lectotype as it was the first species explicitly so designated. However, the usage of most current floras and botanists would be best served by conserving Bignonia capreolata L. as the lectotype of the genus Bignonia and this is recommended to the Spermatophyta Committee.
ON THE TYPIFICATION OF ALLIUM TRIQUETRUM L.
Authors: Nordenstam Bertil 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllium triquetrum L. (1753) has been typified (de Wilde‐Duyfjes 1973) by a specimen collected by Clas Alströmer in Spain in 1760. This specimen was available to Linnaeus in 1760 or 1761 and is thus unsuitable for typification purposes. Instead, the illustration in Parkinson's Paradisus terrestris (1629) would be suitable as the lectotype.
BETALAINS AND P‐TYPE SIEVE‐ELEMENT PLASTIDS: THE SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF DYSPHANIA R. BR. (CENTROSPERMAE)
Authors: Mabry Tom J. , Behnke H.‐Dietmar 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe presence of betalains and P‐type sieve‐element plastids in Dysphania indicates that it belongs with the betalain‐containing centrospermous families.
NOMENCLATURE OF FOSSIL GLYPTOSTROBUS IN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Butala James R. , Cridland Arthur A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThere are no criteria of scientific value by which Glyptostrobus oregonensis Brown and G. nordenskioldii (Heer) Brown (including G. dakotensis Brown) may be distinguished from G. europaeus (Brongniart) Heer. G. europaeus is a form species of wide geographical and geological range for fossil specimens similar to extant Glyptostrobus pensilis (Lambert) Koch. While it is possible that the fossil form species represents several biological species, specificity has not been proven for any specimen from the North American Tertiary. There is no proof that the Cretaceous Glyptostrobus comoxensis Bell is a Glyptostrobus.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON DRYOPTERIS ADANS.
Authors: Fraser‐Jenkins C. R. , Jermy A. C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe publication in October, 1873, of Polystichum pyrenaicum Miegeville in an obscure journal [Revue catholique du diocese de Tarbes No 41: 764] predates the binomial Dryopteris oreades Fomin proposed for the taxon previously known as Dryopteris abbreviata (DC.) Newm. (Fraser‐Jenkins & Jermy, 1976). However Miegeville states that he uses Polystichum pyrenaicum as a “nom provisoire”, and after examination of his earlier papers which explain what he meant by this term, we conclude that Miegeville, was not prepared to draw any conclusion regarding the rank of his “species” and did not thereby accept his own nomenclature. Thus Miegeville's names, being not accepted at species rank by the author, are not valid according to Article 34, provision 1, of the ***ICBN (Stafleu et al., 1972) and the name Dryopteris oreades still stands.
AUTOGENOUS THEORIES FOR THE ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTES
Authors: Taylor F. J. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAfter a brief resumé of the principal alternatives the author concludes that the only reasonable hypothesis for the fully autogenous development of the eukaryotes is that involving a cyanophyte‐like photosynthetic ancestor: the “Uralga.” A structurally explicit scenario for the internal events necessary to produce general eukarotic organisation within that framework is outlined. Central to the model is the progressive differentiation of membrane systems, leading to enclosure of specialised, double‐membraned metabolic compartments by engulfment during the stage in which endo‐ and exocytotic properties were attained. Some minor differences between this model and that of Cavalier‐Smith (1975) are discussed.The paper concludes with some comments about hypotheses involving endosymbiosis, including the virtues of a compromise hypothesis in which mitochondria arose autogenously, but chloroplasts arose by endosymbiosis.
STARTING POINTS FOR NOMENCLATURE OF FUNGI: A PRIMER FOR IMC2
Authors: Petersen Ronald H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe history of starting point philosophies for fungi are outlined, and a resume of proposals circulated within Subcommittee D is furnished within the context of discussion. The subjects covered are intended to serve as the basis for discussion at the Second International Mycological Congress, 1977.Under a mandate from the First International Mycological Congress at Exeter, 1972, the International Mycological Association established a Nomenclature Committee, with Dr. R. P. Korf as Secretary. Subsequently, mycologists were offered the opportunity to serve on one or more subcommittees, each to deal with specific nomenclatural problems associated with fungi. One such subcommittee (Subcommittee D) was charged with examining and discussing the subject of starting points for fungi, and with formulating proposals for consideration by the Second International Mycological Congress (Tampa, Aug./Sept., 1977) and for possible adoption by the Special Committee for Fungi and Lichens (of IAPT), and possible inclusion into the ICBN (presumably the “Sydney Code”).For over two years opinions and proposals have been circulated within Subcommittee D, and discussion has been lively. Two facts emerge, however: a) a large number of mycologists still feel unheard and/or uninformed, in spite of efforts to involve as many individuals in the subcommittee structure as possible; and b) the necessary debate scheduled for Tampa will proceed with only the Subcommittee members in possession of all the relevant proposals and opinions – a regrettable situation.As Secretary to Subcommittee D, and in order to alleviate the stresses outlined above, I have attempted to draft a “primer” for interested mycologists, concerning the subject and the problems and advantages of the major emergent philosophies. It is hoped that this publication can serve as a basis for discussion at Tampa, so that those deliberations may be conducted in orderly fashion, and to constructive ends.
SYSTEMATICS OF GRAMINEAE: A CLUSTER ANALYSIS STUDY
Authors: Hilu Khidir W. , Wright K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCluster analysis techniques were applied to 215 grass genera using 85 morphological and microscopic characters. Clustering was run on 1) gross morphological characters, 2) microscopic characters and 3) on combination of the two. Neither the morphological nor the microscopic characters alone resulted in an appreciable grouping of the genera. The microscopic characters, however, produced clusters that better approach the present subfamilial classifications. Combination of the two subsets of characters resulted in eight clusters representing the modern subfamilies Pooideae, Oryzoideae, Panicoideae, Eragrostoideae, Arundinoideae, Centostecoideae, Bambusoideae and a new potential subfamily (Nardoideae) that included Lygeum, Nardus and Diarrhena. The tribal constituents of these subfamilies are discussed in detail. It has been concluded that classification of grasses seems more natural at the level of the subfamily than tribe.
KRAMERIA (KRAMERIACEAE) FLOWERS: ORIENTATION AND ELAIOPHORE MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Simpson Beryl B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe flowers of Krameria have been misunderstood since they were first described by Loefling in 1758. Some of the misconceptions about the flowers stemmed from the failure of authors to recognize the organography of the two fleshy structures which flank the ovary. Other misinterpretations resulted from confusion about the orientation of the flowers. Twice the controversy as to whether or not the flowers of Krameria species are resupinate was raised and laid to rest, but doubts still linger. Recent morphological and anatomical studies have unequivocably shown that the flowers are not resupinate and that the three small petals are adaxial. The two abaxial petals are highly modified into the two fleshy structures that have only recently been explained. Within the last five years it has been shown that these petals are glandular and play an intricate role in the pollination biology of Krameria by secreting lipids that are collected by female bees of the genus Centris (Anthophoridae). A survey of the anatomy and morphology of the glandular petals, or elaiophores, has yielded a suite of characters that are useful in showing branching patterns within the genus because they show a sequence of specializations of the outer elaiophore surface from elongate, irregular patches of secretory cells over the entire surface covered by a cuticle that separates smoothly from the cells as oils accumulate beneath it, to either small, round or polygonal patches of secretory cells over the entire surface, or to restrictions of the secretory tissue to the distal portion of the fleshy petal. The trends in specializations of the secretory surfaces of the glandular petals show correlations with trends based on sepal arrangement, degree of fusion of the superior petals, and pollen morphology.
ON CLASSIFICATION BY COLOR
Authors: Bornstein Marc H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryClassification by color, a stable communicative referent, can be a useful tool of taxonomy. Conceptions of the arbitrariness of color designation have in the past limited the use of this classification criterion. Recent research, however, has proved these conceptions rather misconceptions. Universals of color naming and color designation which are based on visual processes have been unearthed. Consequently, practical recommendations for the systematization of classification by color can be proposed: They include standardization of nomenclature, an objective chromatic correlate system, and color vision tests for taxonomists.
POPULATION VARIATION AND INTROGRESSION IN NORTH AMERICAN TYPHA
Authors: Lee David W. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeventeen Typha populations from the United States were subjected to a detailed analysis of variation in morphology, isozymes (alcohol dehydrogenase and esterase) and fertility. The isozyme data was analyzed using numerical taxonomy. All of the three sets of data were employed in a hybrid analysis of the populations. Little morphological variation was detected compared to isozyme differences in populations of all taxa. The results led to the conclusion that the morphological characters inTyphaare tightly linked genetic packages which do not reflect a complex pattern of hybridization and introgression seen more clearly from the biochemical analysis. It was further concluded that hybridization and introgression are important reproductive phenomena between the two species, introgression occuring primarily in the direction ofT. angustifolia.The effect of human environmental disruption will be to decrease the abundance ofT. latifoliapopulations and enlarge the distribution of hybrid and introgressant populations.
TAXONOMIC NOTES ON GRACILARIA MAMMILLARIS (MONT.) HOWE AND GRACILARIA VELEROAE DAWSON (RHODOPHYTA, GIGARTINALES)
Authors: Schneider Craig W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPlants collected in North Carolina and determined to be Cracilaria mammillaris (Montagne) Howe are compared to G. veleroae Dawson of Pacific Mexico. The two species are found to be conspecific and are synonymized under the correct name G. mammillaris.
PHYTOSEROLOGIE ALS METHODE DER VERGLEICHENDEN VERWANDTSCHAFTSFORSCHUNG–EINST UND JETZT
Authors: Frohne D. , Jensen U. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPhytoserology uses the specific properties of immunosera produced by animals against plant protein characters to assess plant relationships. Unlike animal serum proteins, plant protein extracts have peculiar properties which make phytoserological work difficult. Careful experiments by early workers gave phytoserology a hopeful start but this was spoiled by the inadequate methods of the Königsberg school and the extravagant claims for their evolutionary tree. Thanks to the critical new start made by Otto Moritz in the 1950s, phytoserology is now established as a valid method in systematics just as it is in immunology and protein chemistry.
BIBLIOGRAPHY OF KAREL DOMIN'S BEITRÄGE ON AUSTRALIAN PLANTS
Authors: Henderson R. J. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBibliographic details are presented in tabular form. Effective publication of Abteilung 1 was in 1913, of Abteilung 2 in 1915 and of Abteilung 3 was from 1921 to 1929. Page numbers of Heft 89 of Bibliotheca Botanica are the numbers in brackets at the top inner edge of each page.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS L. AND D. CHINENSIS L. (CARYOPHYLLACEAE)
Authors: de Langen F. R. , Oost E. H. , Jarvis C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryLectotypes have been designated for Dianthus caryophyllus L. and its named Linnaean varieties, and for D. chinensis L. The connection between D. caryophyllus var. (e) inodorus L. and D. sylvestris Wulfen is analyzed. Some consequences and aspects of further study are discussed.
A BIBLIOGRAPHICAL CONTRIBUTION TO OUR APPRECIATION OF E. J. C. ESPER'S DIE PFLANZENTHIERE IN ABBILDUNGEN NACH DER NATUR (1788–1830) AND ITS FORTSETZUNGEN (1794–1806)
Authors: Ott Franklyn D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThrough the help of many librarians, the author was successful in locating in European and North American libraries the Lieferung wrappers to Eugen Johann Christoph Esper's Die Pflanzenthiere (1788–1830) as well as to his Fortsetzungen der Pflanzenthiere (1794–1806). These wrappers permit the numerical and signature collation of these two important works. Because of the rarity of these Lieferung wrappers and the poor quality of the paper on which they were printed which, at present, is in various deplorable stages of deterioration, the Nachricht, the Verbesserungen, and the Druckfehler are quoted in their entirety. For each respective Lieferung the complete collation of pagination and the respective plates as issued therewith are given. The value of this information resides in the fact that the plates and their respective descriptions were not issued simultaneously; it is only through the Lieferung wrappers that the relation between the text and the plates can be determined with certainty.
ANALYSIS OF THE THANIKAIMONI PALYNOLOGICAL INDICES
Authors: Skvarla John J. , Rowley John R. , Vezey Edward L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe series of five bibliographic indices for extant pollen compiled under the editorship of the late G. Thanikaimoni are analyzed with respect to instrumentation used in characterization of the angiosperm pollen wall. It is clear that scanning electron microscopy has become the most common means for examining pollen and that while the number of publications involving pollen morphology increases yearly, only a small number of genera have been studied with either scanning or transmission electron microscopes.
THE CORRECT NAME, AUTHOR, AND TYPE OF THE COMMON HENRYA (ACANTHACEAE) AND NEOTYPIFICATION OF JUSTICIA SCORPIOIDES L.
Authors: Daniel Thomas F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAuthorship of Henrya and its type, H. insularis, is attributed to Nees ex Benth. When Bentham is treated as the author of H. insularis, the type of this species becomes an illustration published in 1845. The commonly encountered name, Henrya scorpioides (L.) Nees, pertains to a species of Dicliptera. Its basionym, Justicia scorpioides L., is neotypified by a collection of William Houstoun in the Sloane Herbarium.
POL YPODIUM FLABELLIFORME RECONSIDERED
Authors: Bishop L. Earl 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe lectotypification of Polypodium flabelliforme Poiret by C. Morton has more recently been rejected by Pichi Sermolli. The latter maintains Poiret's description to have been based solely on a Plumier plate and not at all on the specimen selected by Morton. My analyses of Poiret's description, the specimen, and the plate suggests Pichi Sermolli's position to be untenable. The original lectotypification should therefore be sustained.
TYPIFICATION OF SUGARCANE, SACCHARUM OFFICINARUM L. (POACEAE)
Authors: Reveal James L. , Jarvis Charles E. , Terrell Edward E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe specimen in the Linnaean Herbarium (77.2, LINN) annotated by Linnaeus as Saccharum officinarum, the scientific name long applied to sugarcane, is actually a specimen of Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb. ex Schumann & Lauterb., a related grass. To preserve the current application of Linnaeus' name, sugarcane is lectotypified on a Sloane (1707) illustration (typotype: H.S. 2:14, BMSL) cited by Linnaeus (1753) in synonymy.
NOTES ON BIOPHYTUM (OXALIDACEAE) OF THE OLD WORLD
Authors: Veldkamp J. F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe specimen Hb. Linn. 600.38 (LINN) is proposed as the neotype for Oxalis sensitiva L. [=Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC.] (Oxalidaceae). A new species of Biophytum from Sri Lanka is described.