bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic factors in occupational group therapy identified by patients discharged from a psychiatric day centre and their significant others
Authors: Eklund Mona 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTherapeutic factors in occupational group therapy have only been subjected to minimal investigation [AUTHOR –I'VE REWRITTEN THE FIRST SENTENCE AS THE ORIGINAL SOUNDED ODD IN ENGLISH. IS THIS OK?]. Previous research (Howe & Schwartzberg, 1986) indicated that these factors accord with factors recognized in group psychotherapy, but additional specific occupational therapy factors were distinguished as well. The aim of the present study was to examine factors in treatment identified by patients and their significant others as therapeutic. Interviews with 20 mentally ill individuals and 12 significant others were conducted when the patients were discharged from a psychiatric day‐care unit. Four therapeutic dimensions emerged from an inductive analysis of statements from the interviews: the group, the occupational, the treatment milieu, and the individual therapy. The majority of the statements were categorized in the group or occupational dimension. Important factors of the group dimension were group interaction, talking in a group, and the therapist's attitude and behaviour. The group factors were consistent with factors previously identified in group psychotherapy research studies. Being occupied, being engaged in certain activities, and developing new skills were significant within the occupational dimension. Since knowledge of which factors are perceived as helping the patients is important a) future replication studies are needed to determine how the occupational dimension should be specified into therapeutic factors, and b) research is required that makes clear how interventions can be improved by such factors. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A congruent model for health promotion in occupational therapy
Authors: Thibeault Rachel , Hébert Michèle 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe past two decades have seen the rise of new approaches, such as health promotion and managed care, and their gradual supplanting and reshaping of traditional health care delivery. To survive within the emerging system, occupational therapists must shift perspectives and adapt to the prevailing philosophies. But are the currently proposed strategies compatible with occupational therapy foundations? Contrasting health promotion, managed care and occupational therapy on their respective principles, paradigms, values, and applications, the authors discuss the congruence, or lack thereof, amongst the three.The authors describe the relationship between basic health promotion principles, the constructivist paradigm, occupational therapy values, and community‐based practice in a conceptually congruent sequence leading to more coherent interventions. They will also highlight the discrepancies between managed care and occupational therapy. Finally, they explore the use of participant‐action research as a means for providing innovative outcome measures. Copyright © 1997 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The effect of nitrogen fertilization and cutting age on dry matter yield and protein content of Rhodes grass at Awassa, southern Ethiopia
Authors: Tolera Adugna , Kidane Alemayehu , Tesfamariam Woldegebriel 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe crude protein content of Rhodes grass was highest when 69 kg N/ha was applied. The dry matter content of the fresh forage increased with increasing age of regrowth. The crude protein yield did not vary between the different ages of regrowth as the increasing yield offset the decreasing protein content. Overall, the application of 69 kg N/ha appears to be the optimum level of nitrogen fertilizer in terms of dry matter yield and nutritive value of the grass. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Caffeine modulates potassium currents in Drosophila neurons
Authors: Alshuaib Waleed B. , Mathew Mini V. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe investigated the effects of caffeine on the delayed‐rectifier potassium current (IKDR) which is important in repolarizing the membrane potential, and the transient A‐type potassium current (IKA) which regulates neuronal firing threshold and the rate of repetitive action potentials. The whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique was used to measure the currents from cultured Drosophila neurons derived from embryonic neuroblasts. The currents were measured from neurons before and after the application of 1 mM caffeine to the external saline of the same neuron. IKDR measured in the caffeine‐containing solution (470 ± 36 pA, n = 18), was smaller than that measured in the control 6K/0Ca Tris solution (745 ± 51 pA, n = 18). IKA measured in the caffeine‐containing solution (17 ± 2 pA, n = 16) was smaller than that measured in the control 6K/0Ca Tris solution (35 ± 4 pA, n = 16).These results indicate that caffeine reduces IKDR and IKA amplitudes and possibly leads to increased action potential frequency and enhanced neuronal excitability.
A stereoscopic visual study of coherent structures in turbulent shear flow
Authors: Praturi Ananda K. , Brodkey Robert S. 
Published: April 2006

A visual study of a turbulent boundary-layer flow was conducted by photographing the motions of small tracer particles using a stereoscopic medium-speed camera system moving with the flow. In some experiments, dye injection at the leading edge of the flat plate helped to delineate the outer edge of the boundary layer. The technique allowed the three-dimensional aspects of the flow to be studied in some detail, and in particular allowed axial vortex motions in the wall region to be identified.The flow was found to exhibit three characteristic regions which can be roughly divided into the wall and outer regions of the boundary layer and an irrotational region, unmarked by dye, outside the instantaneous edge of the boundary layer. Briefly, the outer region of the boundary layer was dominated by transverse vortex motions that formed as a result of an interaction between low-speed and high-speed (sweep) fluid elements in that region. The present results clearly show that bulges in the edge of the boundary layer are associated with transverse vortex motions. In addition, the transverse vortex motions appear to induce massive inflows of fluid from the irrotational region deep into the outer region of the boundary layer. The outer edge of the boundary layer thus becomes further contorted, contributing to the intermittency of the region. Furthermore, the outer-region motions give rise to the conditions necessary for the dominant wall-region activity of ejections and axial vortex motions. It is not the energetic wall-region ejections that move to the outer region and give rise to the contorted edge of the boundary layer as has been suggested by others.The wall-region axial vortex motions were intense and lasted for a time short compared with the lifetime of outer-region transverse vortex motions. The present results strongly suggest that wall-region vortex motions are a result of interaction between the incoming higher-speed fluid from the outer region of the boundary layer and the outflowing low-speed wall-region fluid. This is in direct contrast to all models that suggest that axial vortex pairs in the wall region are the factor that gives rise to the outflow of low-speed fluid trapped between.Although all the elements necessary to make up a horseshoe vortex structure riding along the wall were present, such a composite was not observed. However, this could be visualized as a possible model to represent the ensemble average of the flow.Finally, the massive inflows from the irrotational region were observed to precede the appearance of low- and high-speed fluid elements in the boundary layer, thus completing the deterministic cycle of individual coherent events.
Seroprevalance and Identification of Influenza A Virus Infection from Migratory Wild Waterfowl in China (2004–2005)
Authors: Chen H.‐X. , Shen H.‐G. , Li X.‐L. , Zhou J.‐Y. , Hou Y.‐Q. , Guo J.‐Q. , Hu J.‐Q. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOutbreaks of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) were reported in birds in more than eight Asian countries. We sought to identify the origin of this infection, and herein report the results of serological and virological monitoring of migrant wild waterfowl in mainland China. From a total of 493 serum samples, collected from 15 migratory wild waterfowl species for 9 months (from June 2004 to May 2005) in mainland China, we detected only low‐level antibodies against influenza subtypes H2, H9 and H10 in the relict gull, little egret, black‐crowned night heron, bar‐tailed godwit, whimbrel and the common greenshank. No virus was identified from the 1052 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs except dead bar‐headed geese. These data show that the influenza type A virus subtypes H2–H13 did not circulate at detectable levels within the sampled population.
Glaucoma prescribing trends in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Carroll Stuart C , Gaskin Brent J , Goldberg Ivan , Danesh‐Meyer Helen V 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPurpose:  To summarize current practice styles and patterns associated with glaucoma management in ophthalmologists of Australia and New Zealand as derived from a survey.Method:  A questionnaire was sent to all Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists, which anonymously assessed demographic characteristics and prescribing patterns for each major class of glaucoma medication.Results:  A total of 761 questionnaires were sent with a response rate of 51%. Of respondents 14% were glaucoma subspecialists. In 69%, the first‐line drug‐class of choice was a prostaglandin analogue. New Zealand ophthalmologists favoured beta‐blockers as their first‐line agent because of cost, government restrictions and familiarity. Most respondents stated ‘hypotensive efficacy’ as the most important factor in class choice. Alpha‐2‐agonists, carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and miotics were considered second‐line agents, because of side‐effects and lack of hypotensive potency.Conclusions:  The choice of first‐line agent for the treatment of glaucoma differed between Australian and New Zealand ophthalmologists, in part as the result of government restriction of prostaglandin‐class drugs. Practice patterns seen in Australasia parallel the current evidence base reported in peer‐reviewed literature.
Cost‐benefits of reduced aphicide usage on dwarf hops susceptible and partially resistant to damson‐hop aphid
Authors: BARBER A , CAMPBELL C A M , CRANE H , DARBY P , LILLEY R 
Published: April 2006

SummarySoil‐applied imidacloprid at full (125 g a.i. ha−1) and half approved doses gave levels of control of damson‐hop aphid, (Phorodon humuli), similar to that provided by foliar spray(s) of tebufenpyrad on the aphid‐susceptible dwarf hop cvs First Gold and Herald. On those cultivars, aphid control was unreliable on plots treated with quarter dose imidacloprid and was generally no better than on untreated plants. Aphids were virtually eliminated from the leaves by the end of July each year in all treatments consistent with the action of natural enemies. Aphid contamination of cones reflected the numbers on foliage at flowering time, but varied widely between years. Yields and percentage α‐acids content of dried hops were unaffected by the numbers of aphids on leaves early in the season and in cones at harvest, but aphid contamination reduced the economic values of crops by as much as 80%. Few P. humuli colonised the partially aphid‐resistant breeding line 23/90/08 before their numbers were regulated and consistent with natural enemy activity. Yields, percentage α‐acids content, and commercial value of harvested cones were similar in all treatments on 23/90/08 whether or not plants were treated with aphicides. The commercial risks posed by P. humuli preclude substantial reductions in aphicide usage on aphid‐susceptible dwarf hop cultivars, but future cultivars expressing a similar level of partial resistance to aphids as 23/90/08 should not need treatment with aphicides.
Genes regulated by estrogen in breast tumor cells in vitro are similarly regulated in vivoin tumor xenografts and human breast tumors
Authors: Creighton Chad J , Cordero Kevin E , Larios Jose M , Miller Rebecca S , Johnson Michael D , Chinnaiyan Arul M , Lippman Marc E , Rae James M 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Background
Estrogen plays a central role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Although many studies have characterized the estrogen regulation of genes using in vitro cell culture models by global mRNA expression profiling, it is not clear whether these genes are similarly regulated in vivo or how they might be coordinately expressed in primary human tumors.

Results
We generated DNA microarray-based gene expression profiles from three estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer cell lines stimulated by 17β-estradiol (E2) in vitro over a time course, as well as from MCF-7 cells grown as xenografts in ovariectomized athymic nude mice with E2 supplementation and after its withdrawal. When the patterns of genes regulated by E2 in vitro were compared to those obtained from xenografts, we found a remarkable overlap (over 40%) of genes regulated by E2 in both contexts. These patterns were compared to those obtained from published clinical data sets. We show that, as a group, E2-regulated genes from our preclinical models were co-expressed with ERα in a panel of ERα+ breast tumor mRNA profiles, when corrections were made for patient age, as well as with progesterone receptor. Furthermore, the E2-regulated genes were significantly enriched for transcriptional targets of the myc oncogene and were found to be coordinately expressed with Myc in human tumors.

Conclusion
Our results provide significant validation of a widely used in vitro model of estrogen signaling as being pathologically relevant to breast cancers in vivo.
Preparation and Properties of η3-Allyl(halo)tris(trimethylphosphine)ruthenium(II) Complexes and Their Derivatives
Authors: Maruyama Yooichiroh , Shimizu Isao , Yamamoto Akio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Oxidative addition of allyl halides to Ru(cod)(cot) (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, cot = 1,3,5-cyclooctatriene) in the presence of trimethylphosphine at 50 °C in benzene gives Ru(η3-allyl)(PMe3)3X (X = Br, Cl), which reacted with PhCHO to yield homoallylic alcohols, and with CO to afford an η2-acyl complex, RuBr(CO)(PMe3)2(η2-COCH2CH=CH2), and an (η1-allyl)ruthenium(II) complex, RuBr(CO)2(PMe3)2(η1-allyl).
Luminescence Properties of Divalent Europium Complexes of Polymer Ligands Containing [2.2.2] and [2.2.1] Cryptand Units
Authors: Iwamura Ryo , Higashiyama Nobuyuki , Takemura Kazuki , Tsutsumi Shuji , Kimura Keiichi , Adachi Gin-ya 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Divalent europium (Eu2+) complexes with polymer ligands containing 4,7,13,16,21,24-hexaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane ([2.2.2] cryptand) and 4,7,13,16,21-pentaoxa-1,10-diazabicyclo[8.8.5]tricosane ([2.2.1] cryptand) have been synthesized. The complexes emitted ca. 450 nm luminescence by ultra violet excitation. A Eu2+-[2.2.2] cryptate-attaching polymer had high luminescence efficiency and its maximum relative emission intensity was ca. 19% with respect to an NBS standard, CaWO4:Pb.
Bifurcated Bridging Cyano Group and Network of Hydrogen-bonded Water Molecules in a Novel Framework Host Inclusion Compound Triaquacadmium(II) Tricyanocuprate(I)-Acetonitrile (1/1)
Authors: Nishikiori Shin-ichi , Iwamoto Toschitake 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The dimeric structure unit of [Cu2(CN)6]4− in the title inclusion compound involves two bifurcated CN groups respectively linked to two Cu(I) at the C and a Cd(II) at the N to form the framework host accommodating the CH3CN whose orientation is regulated with the hydrogen bonds among the guest and the waters of coordination in the host.
Stereoselective Addition of Alcohol to Alkyne Catalyzed by Dicationic Platinum and Palladium Complexes
Authors: Kataoka Yasutaka , Matsumoto Osamu , Ohashi Masataka , Yamagata Tsuneaki , Tani Kazuhide 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In the presence of the dicationic catalysts derived from PtCl2(ligand) or PdCl2(ligand) (ligand = 2PPh3, diphosphine) and excess AgPF6 addition of MeOH to dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate smoothly proceeded under mild conditions to give dimethyl methoxyfumarate selectively. The dicationic platinum catalysts were more catalytically active for the addition reaction than the corresponding palladium catalysts.
Utilization of Me3SiSnBu3-F− in Organic Synthesis. Reaction of an Allyl Anion Generated from Me3SiSnBu3 and CsF
Authors: Kinoshita Atsushi , Mori Miwako 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The intramolecular cyclization of an allyl halide having a carbonyl group proceeded smoothly via an allyl anion in the presence of Me3SiSnBu3 and CsF in DMF. The resultant products were converted into useful compounds for the synthesis of natural products.
Asymmetric Hydrolyses of 1,2-Diacetoxycyclohexanes by the Cultured Suspension Cells of Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Gotoh Shisei , Aoki Masahiro , Iwaeda Tomoko , Izumi Shunsuke , Hirata Toshifumi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The enantioselectivity in the hydrolyses of cis- and trans-1,2-diacetoxycyclohexanes by the cultured suspension cells of Marchantia polymorpha was very high. The acetoxyl groups at the stereogenic center of (R)-configuration were preferentially hydrolyzed.
Structure Revision of Polypodoside A. Major Sweet Principle of Polypodium glycyrrhiza
Authors: Nishizawa Mugio , Yamada Hidetoshi , Yamaguchi Yukiko , Hatakeyama Susumi , Lee Ik-Soo , Kim Jinwoong , Kinghorn A Douglas 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The aglycone stereochemistry of an intensely sweet saponin, polypodoside A isolated from the fern Polypodium glycyrrhiza, was revised from 22S, 25R, 26S to 22R, 25S, 26R based on a direct chemical correlation with a related sweet saponin, osladin.
Perfluoroalkylation of Benzene by 185 nm Photolysis of Perfluoroazooctane
Authors: Nakamura Takako , Yabe Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Perfluoroazooctane was photolyzed in benzene upon low pressure Hg lamp irradiation to generate perfluorooctyl radicals, which reacted with an excess of benzene to afford perfluorooctylbenzene. The investigation on the wavelength and light intensity dependence revealed that this photolysis proceeded effectively upon 185 nm irradiation by two photon absorption.
Aggregate Formation of Pyrene-1-Carboxylic Acid in an Ion-complexed Langmuir-Blodgett Film Induced by Contact with HCl Gas
Authors: Niidome Yasuro , Fujihira Masamichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Ion-complexation between a cationic amphiphile and pyrene-1-carboxylate (PyCOO−) dispersed the PyCOO− anions homogeneously in a Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer film. By bringing the film into contact with HCl gas, formation of fluorescent spots in the monolayer was observed by fluorescence microscopy. With an atomic force microscope, the spots were found to be topographically much higher than the monolayer level, and concluded to be aggregates formed by lateral diffusion of neutralized pyrene-1-carboxylic acid (PyCOOH) molecules in the monolayer.
Facile and Practical Total Syntheses of (±)-Mukulol and (±)-Cembrene by Low-valent Titanium-induced Keto Ester Cyclization
Authors: Li Weidong , Li Ying , Li Yulin 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A direct approach of low-valent titanium-induced intramolecular keto ester cyclization was first applied to the total syntheses of macrocyclic diterpenoids, by which (±)-mukulol and (±)-cembrene were synthesized from geranylacetone by a short and efficient route.
C-Terminal Sequencing of Peptides and Proteins by Successive Degradation with Heptafluorobutyric Anhydride Vapor
Authors: Nabuchi Yoshiaki , Yano Hiroyuki , Kamo Masaharu , Takamoto Keiji , Satake Kazuo , Tsugita Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A chemical C-terminal sequencing method of proteins, involving cyanogen bromide cleavage of proteins, selective isolation of the C-terminal peptide and the C-terminal successive degradation with heptafluorobutyric anhydride vapor is presented. FAB/MS analysis of the C-terminal truncated peptide mixture clearly indicated the C-terminal sequence of a protein.
Concentration of Copper(II) Ion in Water Using a Water-Soluble Chelating Polymer and a Microporous Hollow Fiber
Authors: Tomida Tahei , Inoue Tatsuya , Fujita Kazuhisa , Masuda Seizo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A new method using a water-soluble chelating polymer and a microporous hollow fiber was developed for concentration of copper(II) ion in water. The copper(II) ion recovered into a chelating polymer (polyacrylic acid) solution could be determined directly with ICP or UV-spectrophotometer. Cu(II) in a sample solution was calculated from the rate of concentration. It was demonstrated that this method was useful for concentration of Cu(II) existing in dilute solutions (1–1000 μg dm−3).
Combined Use of Diphenyltin Sulfide or Lawesson’s Reagent and Silver Perchlorate as Effective Catalyst Systems in Aldol Reaction
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Saito Katsuyuki , Kitagawa Hideo , Shimomura Naoyuki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Catalytic aldol reactions of several aldehydes with trimethylsilyl enol ethers are effectively performed by combined use of diphenyltin sulfide (Ph2Sn=S) and silver perchlorate (AgClO4) or Lawesson’s reagent (2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-diphosphetane-2,4-disulfide) and silver perchlorate under mild conditions.
Preparation and Characterization of Rhodium C60 Complexes [Rh(acac)(L)2(C60)] (L = py, 4-Mepy, 3,5-Me2py)
Authors: Ishii Youichi , Hoshi Hidenori , Hamada Yasushi , Hidai Masanobu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A series of novel C60 rhodium complexes [Rh(acac)(L)2(η2-C60)] (L = pyridine, 4-methylpyridine, 3,5-dimethylpyridine) were prepared by the reaction of [Rh(acac)(C2H4)2] with C60 followed by treatment with pyridine or its derivatives. The molecular structure of [Rh(acac)(3,5-Me2py)2(η2-C60)]·C6H6 was determined by the X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Heteroannulation of α,β-Unsaturated Carbene Complexes. [3+2] Dipolar Cycloaddition of Methoxy(α,β-alkynyl)tungsten Carbene Complexes with 1,3-Thiazolium-4-olates
Authors: Jung Ill-Yun , Yoon Yong-Jin , Rhee Kyu Seo , Shin Gap Cheol , Shin Sung Chul 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A novel [3+2] dipolar cycloaddition of methoxy(α,β-alkynyl)tungsten carbene complexes with 1,3-thiazolium-4-olates, synthetic equivalents of thiocarbonyl ylide affords methoxy(thienyl)tungsten carbene complexes or methoxy(pyridyl)tungsten carbene complexes depending on the electronic nature of a substituent at N-3 on the 1,3-thiazole nucleus.
Generation and ESR Spectrum of a Persistent and Oxygen-Insensitive Free Radical. 2,7-Di-t-butyl-1-pyrenoxy
Authors: Miura Yozo , Yamano Eiji , Miyazawa Akira , Tashiro Masashi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of 2,7-di-t-butyl-1-hydroxypyrene yields persistent and oxygen-insensitive 2,7-di-t-butyl-1-pyrenoxy radical (2) with the following ESR parameters: (aH) 0.532, 0.449, 0.430, 0.389, 0.164, 0.110, and 0.095 mT (aH), and 2.0037 (g). Radical 2 is isolated as a diamagnetic dimer which, upon dissolution, dissociates into 2 at room temperature. The ΔH and ΔS values for the dimer−1 and −35 ± 15 J mol−1 K−1, respectively. The negative ΔS value is briefly discussed.2 radical equilibrium are determined to be 7.2 ± 2.0 kJ mol
Synthesis of (Z)-1,2-Dihalo-1-alkenes by the Reaction of (Z)-(β-Halovinyl)phenyliodonium Salts with n-Bu4NX or KX/CuX. Competitions between Nucleophilic Vinylic Substitutions and Aromatic Substitutions
Authors: Ochiai Masahito , Oshima Kunio , Masaki Yukio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Nucleophilic vinylic substitutions of (Z)-(β-halovinyl)phenyliodonium salts with tetrabutylammonium halides proceed in a stereoselective manner with retention of configuration yielding vicinal (Z)-vinyl dihalides. This reaction competes with nucleophilic aromatic substitutions. Similar competition was observed in the reactions with potassium halides/cuprous halides.