bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enasidenib‐induced hepatitis in an individual with Type II D2‐hydroxyglutaric aciduria
Authors: Gold Jessica I. , Stefanatos Arianna K. , Fraser Jamie L. , Vanderver Adeline , Cuddapah Sanmati 
Published: April 2024

AbstractType II D‐2‐Hydroxyglutaric aciduria (T2D2HGA) is caused by a gain‐of‐function pathogenic variant in Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2). Patients with T2D2HGA commonly present with developmental delay, seizures, cardiomyopathy, and arrhythmias. The recently approved IDH2‐inhibitor Enasidenib targets the p.Arg140Gln pathogenic IDH2 variant and decreases production of D2HGA. We present a 7‐year‐old female with T2D2HGA due to the p.Arg140Gln variant. She was diagnosed at 3‐years‐old after presenting with global developmental delay, leukoencephalopathy, communicating hydrocephalus, seizures, and dilated cardiomyopathy. At age 3 years 11 months, 50 mg Enasidenib daily was initiated. Primary outcomes included seizure frequency, hospital admissions, development, and cardiac structure. Laboratories were monitored biweekly for common Enasidenib side effects. Our patient tolerated Enasidenib well. Urine 2‐HGA decreased significantly from 244 mg/g creatinine to undetectable within 2 weeks of treatment. Inpatient admissions decreased from 8 during the 2 years preceding treatment to 1 during treatment. She has been seizure‐free since Enasidenib initiation. Echocardiography showed improvement in dilated cardiomyopathy with normal left ventricular systolic function. Developmental assessment demonstrated improvements in gross motor, fine motor, language, and socialization domains. Treatment was complicated by mild elevations in alanine transaminase (118 IU/L, range 0–28) and creatine kinase (334 U/L, range 45–198) that resolved by decreasing Enasidenib dosing frequency to three times weekly. Enasidenib is a viable treatment for Type II D2HGA with benefits including developmental gains, fewer acute medical interventions, and cardiomyopathy improvement. While drug‐induced hepatitis is a novel adverse effect of Enasidenib, it can be ameliorated by decreasing dose frequency.
Study on single‐mode transmission in non‐radiative dielectric waveguide
Authors: Kazama Keisuke , Patwary Md. Iquebal Hossain , Iguchi Akito , Tsuji Yasuhide 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to develop millimeter‐wave integrated circuits, low‐loss and compact waveguide devices have been intensively investigated in recent years. Non‐radiative dielectric waveguide (NRD guide) is expected to be a platform for millimeter‐wave and THz‐wave circuits because of its non‐radiative nature. However, conventional NRD guides support and modes simultaneously and mode conversion between these modes often occurs at bends and discontinuities. Therefore, circuit devices have to be carefully designed not to excite unwanted mode. In this paper, we propose a sub‐wavelength grating NRD guide (SWG‐NRD guide) to achieve single‐mode transmission band of mode. SWG structure can easily control dispersion property of transmission modes and cut‐off frequency of mode can be greatly shifted to higher frequency side. The designed SWG‐NRD guide achieves a wide transmission band of 20 GHz with a central frequency of 60 GHz. We also propose a taper waveguide to connect SWG‐NRD guide with the conventional NRD guide with low reflection. Finally, we present the propagation characteristics of the SWG‐NRD guide bend. The proposed SWG‐NRD guide shows high transmission efficiency and overcomes the problems of mode conversion in NRD guides.
Enhanced gelling property and freeze–thaw stability of potato, tapioca and corn starches modified by mild heating in aqueous ethanol solution
Authors: Park Han‐Jun , Cho Dong‐Hwa , Chung Hyun‐Jung , Lim Seung‐Taik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDPhysically modified starches can be classified as natural ingredients on food labels and clean label products. Thus, the market demand for physically modified starch is increasing. Potato, tapioca and corn starches were physically modified by mild heat treatment in an alcoholic solution to enhance their gelling property and freeze–thaw stability.RESULTSDuring mild heating of starch suspension (40% w/w) in 10% ethanol solution at the onset gelatinization temperature, granular swelling of starch occurred, followed by amylose leaching with medication of the surface structure of the starch granules. All treated starches exhibited increased gelatinization and pasting temperatures and decreased breakdown for pasting as a result of improved stability against shear and heat. The treated starches had higher hardness, cohesiveness and springiness of gel than the respective native starches, and these gel properties were more pronounced in potato starch than in tapioca and corn starches. The treated starches showed substantially reduced gel syneresis during freeze–thawing.CONCLUSIONPhysical modification of starch by mild heat treatment in an alcoholic solution substantially improved its gelation ability and freeze–thaw stability. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Apigetrin alleviates intervertebral disk degeneration by regulating nucleus pulposus cell autophagy
Authors: Xu Tao , Zhao Hongqi , Li Jian , Fang Xuan , Wu Hua , Hu Weihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disk degeneration (IVDD) is a common spine disease, and inflammation is considered to be one of its main pathogenesis. Apigetrin (API) is a natural bioactive flavonoid isolated from various herbal medicines and shows attractive anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative properties; whereas, there is no exploration of the therapeutic potential of API on IVDD. Here, we aim to explore the potential role of API on IVDD in vivo and in vitro.MethodsIn vitro, western blotting, real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and immunofluorescence analysis were implemented to explore the bioactivity of API on interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1β)‐induced inflammatory changes in nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). In vivo, histological staining and immunohistochemistry were employed to investigate the histological changes of intervertebral disk sections on puncture‐induced IVDD rat models.ResultsIn vitro, API played a crucial role in anti‐inflammation and autophagy enhancement in IL‐1β‐induced NPCs. API improved inflammation by inhibiting the nuclear factor‐kappaB and mitogen‐activated protein kinas pathways, whereas it promoted autophagy via the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase/AKT/mammalian target of the rapamycin pathway. Furthermore, in vivo experiment illustrated that API mitigates the IVDD progression in puncture‐induced IVDD model.ConclusionsAPI inhibited degenerative phenotypes and promoted autophagy in vivo and in vitro IVDD models. Those suggested that API might be a potential drug or target for IVDD.
Automatic grading of intervertebral disc degeneration in lumbar dog spines
Authors: Niemeyer Frank , Galbusera Fabio , Beukers Martijn , Jonas René , Tao Youping , Fusellier Marion , Tryfonidou Marianna A. , Neidlinger‐Wilke Cornelia , Kienle Annette , Wilke Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundIntervertebral disc degeneration is frequent in dogs and can be associated with symptoms and functional impairments. The degree of disc degeneration can be assessed on T2‐weighted MRI scans using the Pfirrmann classification scheme, which was developed for the human spine. However, it could also be used to quantify the effectiveness of disc regeneration therapies. We developed and tested a deep learning tool able to automatically score the degree of disc degeneration in dog spines, starting from an existing model designed to process images of human patients.MethodsMRI midsagittal scans of 5991 lumbar discs of dog patients were collected and manually evaluated with the Pfirrmann scheme and a modified scheme with transitional grades. A deep learning model was trained to classify the disc images based on the two schemes and tested by comparing its performance with the model processing human images.ResultsThe determination of the Pfirrmann grade showed sensitivities higher than 83% for all degeneration grades, except for grade 5, which is rare in dog spines, and high specificities. In comparison, the correspondent human model had slightly higher sensitivities, on average 90% versus 85% for the canine model. The modified scheme with the fractional grades did not show significant advantages with respect to the original Pfirrmann grades.ConclusionsThe novel tool was able to accurately and reliably score the severity of disc degeneration in dogs, although with a performance inferior than that of the human model. The tool has potential in the clinical management of disc degeneration in canine patients as well as in longitudinal studies evaluating regenerative therapies in dogs used as animal models of human disorders.
Assessment of atopic dermatitis in all phototypes using line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM)
Authors: Ouellette Samantha , Truong Thu Minh , Khan Samavia , Ragi Sara , Razi Shazli , Rao Babar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTheclinical presentation of atopic dermatitis (AD) varies in different skin phototypes and has been evaluated previously using reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM). Line‐field confocal optical coherence tomography (LC‐OCT) is a new noninvasive imaging modality with additional capabilities.ObjectivesThis prospective cohort study aimed to assess the capabilities of LC‐OCT and RCM in visualizing and quantifying microscopic features of AD lesions.MethodsTen patients with clinically diagnosed AD and visible active lesions were included in the study. LC‐OCT and RCM imaging were performed on lesional and perilesional skin during routine dermatology visits. Image analysis included quantitative measurements of living and total epidermal thickness and dermo‐epidermal junction (DEJ) undulation using LC‐OCT, as well as visual assessment of characteristic features such as spongiosis, exocytosis, perivascular inflammation, and atypical blood vessels using both LC‐OCT and RCM.ResultsLC‐OCT provided precise measurements of epidermal landmarks and shared similar microscopic features compared to RCM. AD lesions exhibited increased stratum corneum thickness, living epidermis thickness, total epidermis thickness, and DEJ undulation compared to clinically normal skin. Spongiosis, exocytosis, perivascular inflammation, blood vessel proliferation, and dilation were prominent features observed in AD lesions on both LC‐OCT and RCM images. Interestingly, some inflammatory features were also detected in the visually normal skin of AD patients.ConclusionsLC‐OCT showed potential as a fast and noninvasive imaging tool for assessing inflammatory skin pathologies, including AD. Its ability to visualize microscopic features and quantify epidermal changes may aid in diagnosis and treatment monitoring. These findings suggest that LC‐OCT could provide valuable insights, particularly for patients with darker skin types where clinical severity assessment may be challenging. Further studies are warranted to explore the full potential of LC‐OCT and its integration into clinical practice.
Effects of tendon elongation on plantar pressure and clinical outcomes: A comparative analysis between open repair and minimally invasive surgery
Authors: Karlidag Taner , Bingol Olgun , Kulakoglu Burak , Keskin Omer Halit , Durgal Atahan , Ozdemir Guzelali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aim of this study was to assess whether variances in Achilles tendon elongation are linked to dissimilarities in the plantar pressure distribution following two different surgical approaches for an Achilles tendon rupture (ATR).MethodsAll patients who were treated with open or minimally invasive surgical repair (MIS) and were over 2 years post their ATR were eligible for inclusion. A total of 65 patients with an average age of 43 ± 11 years were included in the study. Thirty‐five patients were treated with open repair, and 30 patients were treated with MIS. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) and ATR Score (ATRS). Achilles tendon elongation was measured using axial and sagittal magnetic resonance imaging scans. Plantar pressure measurements for the forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot during gait were divided into percentages based on total pressure, measured in g/cm2 for each area.ResultsThe average AOFAS score was found ‘excellent’ (93 ± 2.8) in the MIS group, while it was found ‘good’ (87.4 ± 5.6) in the open repair group. In addition, the MIS group showed significantly superior ATRS scores (78.8 ± 7.4) compared to the open repair group (56.4 ± 15.4) (p < 0.001). The average tendon elongation in the MIS group was 11.3 ± 2 mm, while it was 17.3 ± 4.3 mm (p < 0.001) in the open repair group. While the open repair group showed significantly higher plantar pressure distribution in the initial contact and preswing phases compared to uninjured extremities, there was no significant difference between the uninjured extremities and the MIS group.ConclusionIn conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrated that minimally invasive surgery was associated with less tendon elongation, more proximity to the plantar pressure distributions of the uninjured extremity and superior clinical outcomes compared to open surgical repair. Therefore, minimally invasive surgery may be considered a more suitable option for acute Achilles tendon repair to achieve overall better outcomes.Level of EvidenceLevel III.
Revegetation of disturbed land reclaimed with suboptimal topsoil replacement depth and organic amendments
Authors: Nawu Takudzwa , Zvomuya Francis , Adesanya Theresa , Renault Sylvie , Amarakoon Inoka , Bekele Asfaw 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSuccessful reclamation and revegetation of disturbed sites depends on the availability of sufficient topsoil. Current regulations in western Canada require the replacement of ≥80% of the original topsoil depth (TRD) to restore pre‐disturbance productivity. However, salvaged topsoil at many legacy and other disturbed sites is often insufficient to achieve the 80% TRD (TRD80). This 5‐year study examined vegetation responses to 50% TRD without organic amendment (TRD50) or amended with either peat (PTRD50) or biochar (BTRD50), relative to the TRD80 treatment, following borrow site reclamation in northeastern Alberta, Canada. Amendments were applied once at rates calculated to bring organic carbon in the topsoil to concentrations approximating those in the TRD80 treatment. Tree and shrub seedling mixes were transplanted following amendment application and vegetation attributes were measured annually thereafter. Results showed that PTRD50 performed as well as TRD80 and outperformed BTRD50 with respect to native species' canopy cover and tree seedling height. Canopy covers of forb and non‐native species decreased significantly whereas those of graminoid and native species increased over time for all treatments. Across treatments, native plant species richness increased by 5% per year while non‐native species richness decreased by 19% per year. Overall, peat showed a satisfactory rate of recovery and a trajectory toward the natural boreal forest, indicating its potential to improve reclamation success at disturbed boreal sites where salvaged soil is insufficient to attain equivalent land capability. This finding will provide an additional tool for regulators seeking to refine land reclamation guidelines for such sites in boreal forest regions.
Dynamics of resource allocation–firm performance relationship: Panel autoregressive distributed lag approach
Authors: Kaur Navjot , Singh Balwinder 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study aims to unravel the intricacies of the resource allocation–firm performance relationship by examining the impact of resource allocation to research and development (R&D), advertising, inventories, and wages and salaries on firm performance, considering both short‐term and long‐term dynamics This work is conducted using a sample of 240 listed Indian manufacturing firms over a time span of 18 years, that is, from 2006 to 2023. Based on the empirical findings from the dynamic panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, it is revealed that, in the short term, allocating resources to areas such as R&D, advertising, inventories, and wages and salaries has a detrimental effect on sales. However, in the long term, these resource allocations show a positive impact on sales. Regarding stock market performance, both R&D and advertising exert a negative influence on Tobin's Q in the short term, but their impact becomes positive in the long term. In the case of inventories and wages and salaries, their effects evolve over time: Initially, in the short term, both have a positive impact on Tobin's Q, but this effect switches to negative and becomes significant in the long term. The key contribution of this study revolves around a model‐driven approach aimed at tackling the complex issue of resource allocation and its dynamic impact on performance outcomes.
Factors promoting and hindering resilience in youth with inflammatory bowel disease: A descriptive qualitative study
Authors: You Lili , Wang Siyao , Wang Yangyang , Zhu Lingling , Wang Tiantian , Yu Xiang , Dong Jing , Guan Yuxia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo explore factors promoting and hindering resilience in youth with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) based on Kumpfer's resilience framework.DesignA descriptive qualitative study design with an interpretative approach was used.MethodsParticipants consisted of 10 youths with IBD from a tertiary hospital in Beijing (China) recruited using the purposive sampling method. Data were collected by semi‐structured interviews from December 2020 to March 2021. The directed content analysis was performed for data analysis.ResultsBoth promoting factors and hindering factors could be divided into personal factors and environmental factors. Thirteen themes were identified. The promoting factors included acceptance of illness, strict self‐management, previous treatment experience, life goals, family support, medical support and peer encouragement. Stigma, lack of communication, negative cognition, societal incomprehension, economic pressure and academic and employment pressure were hindering factors.ConclusionHealth care professionals need to develop greater awareness of factors, stemming from both the individual and the outside world, that hinder or promote resilience in order to aid young patients with IBD. Building targeted nursing measures to excavate the internal positive quality of patients, provide external support and promote the development of resilience.
Portrait of a Surgeon: Artificial Intelligence Reflections
Authors: Farlow Janice L. , Abouyared Marianne , Rettig Eleni M. , Kejner Alexandra , Edwards Heather A. , Patel Rusha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractText‐to‐image artificial intelligence (AI) programs are popular public‐facing tools that generate novel images based on user prompts. Given that they are trained from Internet data, they may reflect societal biases, as has been shown for text‐to‐text large language model programs. We sought to investigate whether 3 common text‐to‐image AI systems recapitulated stereotypes held about surgeons and other health care professionals. All platforms queried were able to reproduce common aspects of the profession including attire, equipment, and background settings, but there were differences between programs most notably regarding visible race and gender diversity. Thus, historical stereotypes of surgeons may be reinforced by the public's use of text‐to‐image AI systems, particularly those without procedures to regulate generated output. As AI systems become more ubiquitous, understanding the implications of their use in health care and for health care‐adjacent purposes is critical to advocate for and preserve the core values and goals of our profession.
Bridging the relationship between physical exercise and mental health in adolescents based on network analysis
Authors: Yang Mengbi , Si Shubin , Zhang Kechuang , Xi Min , Zhang Weixia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough physical exercise has been recommended as a useful means of enhancing the mental health of adolescents, the exact mechanisms through which physical exercise plays a role are unclear. Both physical exercise and mental health are complex concepts with multiple facets, and traditional methods may constrain the manifestations of their mapping relationships. This research aimed to find the bridging connections between physical exercise and mental health. Mental health and physical exercise behaviors were assessed using the Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL‐90) and the Adolescent Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ‐A) in 9072 Chinese adolescents, respectively. Network analysis was utilized to construct the mental health‐physical exercise network and to analyze the relationships between individual physical exercise behaviors and mental health symptoms. Core and bridging nodes were identified based on expected influence (EI) and bridge expected influence (BEI). Gender differences were also examined. The results revealed specific and distinct pathways between physical exercise and mental health (e.g., winter sports–obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, winter sports–phobia). For both males and females, anxiety, depression, interpersonal sensitivity, ball sports, and evening activity were the most central symptoms/behaviors, reflecting their relative significance in their respective associations. The nodes with the highest BEI were obsessive‐compulsive symptoms and physical education, showing negative associations with nodes in the other community. Furthermore, in the male group, somatization and winter sports stood out as the most positive bridge nodes. Conversely, in the female group, interpersonal sensitivity and sports games were the most positive bridge nodes. These findings illuminate the pathways linking physical exercise and mental health, supporting the implementation of physical exercise in a more elaborate way.
Overcoming optical‐electrical grid design trade‐offs for cm2‐sized high‐power GaAs photonic power converters by plating technology
Authors: Helmers Henning , Oliva Eduard , Schachtner Michael , Mikolasch Gabriele , Ruiz‐Preciado Luis A. , Franke Alexander , Bartsch Jonas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe optimization of III‐V‐based photovoltaic cells involves addressing the trade‐off between optical losses due to grid shading and electrical losses due to series resistance. In this work, we overcome the boundary conditions of this optimization problem by increasing the grid line height. Contrary to a few micrometer high evaporated metal grid lines, distributed circuit modeling of 1‐cm2 GaAs photonic power converters suggests that 15‐μm high grid lines yield the best performances, especially for high‐current operation in the 1 to 10 A cm−2 range. We have successfully implemented a silver plating process into the fabrication scheme of these devices. Current–voltage measurements under intense illumination demonstrate fill factors above 80% at currents up to 35.8 A, highlighting the capability to extract such high currents without major series resistance losses. Under equivalent monochromatic input power of 62.6 W, this results in a maximum power output of 35.5 W from the 1‐cm2 single‐junction photovoltaic cell. This development enables optical power links with largely increased power densities, reducing the material demand of precious semiconductors and associated costs.