bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of glucose tolerance and intestinal luminal membrane glucose transporter function in horses with equine motor neuron disease
Authors: Benders Nikkie A. , Dyer Jane , Wijnberg Inge D. , Shirazi-Beechey Soraya P. , van der Kolk Johannes H. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To confirm whether the plasma glucose concentration curve obtained during oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in horses with equine motor neuron disease (EMND) is decreased, compared with that obtained in clinically normal horses, and determine whether that decrease is a result of defective glucose metabolism or intestinal glucose transport dysfunction.Animals—8 horses with EMND and 44 matched control horses.Procedure—Electromyography and OGTTs were performed in all 8 affected horses and 10 control horses. Intravenous GTTs (IVGTTs) were performed in 6 affected horses and another 11 control horses. The activity and levels of jejunal luminal membrane glucose transporter (Na+/glucose cotransporter isoform 1 [SGLT1]) were measured in 2 affected horses and 23 control horses.Results—In horses with EMND, generalized neuropathy was detected via quantitative electromyography; the mean increase in plasma glucose concentration during the OGTT was significantly decreased, compared with the value in control horses. During the IVGTT, the mean increase in plasma glucose concentration was significantly lower than that of control horses. The activity and levels of SGLT1 in 2 affected horses were similar to those of control horses. Diagnosis of EMND was confirmed postmortem in all affected horses.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Data suggest that the decreased plasma glucose curve obtained in horses with EMND during OGTTs (compared with control horses) is a result of overall enhanced glucose metabolism or abnormalities in the facilitated glucose transporters; definitive identification of the underlying mechanisms could aid in the development of appropriate treatments of EMND in horses. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:93–99)
Isolation and preliminary characterization of a novel Helicobacter species from swine
Authors: Krakowka Steven , Ringler Susan S. , Flores Joel , Kearns Robert J. , Eaton Kathyrn A. , Ellis John A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether aHelicobactersp similar toHelicobacter pyloriin the stomachs of humans could be isolated from the stomachs of pigs.Animals—4 young conventionally reared and 21 gnotobiotic pigs.Procedure—Gastric mucosal homogenates (10% wt/vol) from 4 young conventionally reared pigs were cultured on Skirrow medium under microaerophilic conditions to assess the presence ofHelicobacterspp. Colonies with morphologic features compatible withHelicobacterorganisms were selected, tested for urease activity, and subpassaged on Skirrow medium. Isolates were examined via SDS-PAGE electrophoresis and reciprocal western blot analyses involving convalescent sera from monoinfected gnotobiotic pigs.Results—Urease- and catalase-positive, gram-negative, microaerophilic, small, curved rod bacteria were isolated from the gastric mucosa of young healthy pigs. The first isolate (2662) was structurally and immunologically closely related toH pyloriisolated from humans. The second isolate (1268) displayed an SDS-PAGE profile dissimilar to that ofH pyloriand isolate 2662, yet it shared limited immunologic crossreactivity with these microbes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings of this study indicate that development of gastric mucosal ulcers and ulceration of the nonglandular pars esophagea in pigs may be associated with gastric colonization by swine-originHelicobacterspp, which are similar toH pyloriisolated from humans. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:938–944)
Use of quantitative two-dimensional color tissue Doppler imaging for assessment of left ventricular radial and longitudinal myocardial velocities in dogs
Authors: Chetboul Valerie , Sampedrano Carolina Carlos , Concordet Didier , Tissier Renaud , Lamour Thierry , Ginesta Jacques , Gouni Vassiliki , Nicolle Audrey P. , Pouchelon Jean-Louis , Lefebvre Hervé P. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine left ventricular free wall
(LVFW) radial and longitudinal myocardial contraction
velocities in healthy dogs via quantitative 2-dimensional
color tissue Doppler imaging (TDI).

Animals—100 dogs.

Procedure—TDI was used by a single trained observer
to measure radial and longitudinal myocardial
movement in the LVFW. Radial myocardial velocities
were recorded in segments in the endocardial and
epicardial layers of the LVFW, and longitudinal velocities
were recorded in segments at 3 levels (basal,
middle, apical) of the LVFW.

Results—LVFW velocities were higher in the endocardial
layers than in the epicardial layers. Left ventricular
free wall velocities were higher in the basal
segments than in the middle and apical segments.
Radial myocardial velocity gradients, defined as the
difference between endocardial and epicardial velocities,
were (mean ± SD) 2.5 ± 0.8 cm/s, 3.8 ± 1.5 cm/s,
and 2.3 ± 0.9 cm/s in systole, early diastole, and late
diastole, respectively. Longitudinal myocardial velocity
gradients, defined as the difference between basal
and apical velocities, were 5.9 ± 2.2 cm/s, 6.9 ± 2.5
cm/s, and 4.9 ± 1.7 cm/s in systole, early diastole, and
late diastole, respectively. A breed effect was detected
for several systolic and diastolic TDI variables. In all
segments, systolic velocities were independent of
fractional shortening.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—LVFW
myocardial velocities decreased from the endocardium
to the epicardium and from base to apex, thus
revealing intramyocardial radial and longitudinal velocity
gradients. These indices could enhance conventional
echocardiographic analysis of left ventricular
function in dogs. Breed-specific reference intervals
should be defined. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:953–961)
Duplex ultrasonography of the common carotid artery and external jugular vein of cows
Authors: Braun Ueli , Föhn Josef 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine blood flow patterns in the common carotid artery and external jugular vein in cows before and after sedation achieved by administration of xylazine hydrochloride.Animals—30 clinically normal Swiss Braunvieh cows.Procedure—A 5.0-MHz sector transducer was used to examine the common carotid artery and external jugular vein before and after cows were sedated by administration of xylazine. Several variables were calculated, including diameter of the blood vessels, blood flow velocity, and flow-time volume.Results—The common carotid artery before sedation had a maximum systolic velocity of 89 ± 8.5 cm/s, maximum diastolic velocity of 36 ± 6.0 cm/s, mean velocity of 35 ± 5.4 cm/s, and flow-time volume of 28.2 ± 3.48 cm3/s. In all cows, sedation achieved by administration of xylazine resulted in a significant decrease in velocity of arterial blood flow and flowtime volume. The external jugular vein before sedation had a maximum velocity of 65 ± 8.3 cm/s, maximum velocity of retrograde venous blood flow of 20 ± 6.6 cm/s, and flow-time volume of 29.7 ± 5.42 cm3/s. These values decreased significantly after cows were sedated by administration of xylazine.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Doppler ultrasonography is particularly suitable for evaluation of blood flow patterns in the common carotid artery and external jugular vein of healthy cows. The results reported here provide a basis for use in examination of cows with cardiac and blood vessel disease. (Am J Vet Res2005;66:962–965)
Cardiopulmonary changes induced during one-lung ventilation in anesthetized dogs with a closed thoracic cavity
Authors: Riquelme Miriam , Monnet Eric , Kudnig Simon T. , Gaynor James S. , Wagner Ann E. , Corliss Denise , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To evaluate the effects of one-lung ventilation
(OLV) on oxygen delivery (DO2) in anesthetized
dogs with a closed thoracic cavity.

Animals—7 clinically normal adult Walker Hound
dogs.

Procedure—Dogs were anesthetized. Catheters
were inserted in a dorsal pedal artery and the pulmonary
artery. Dogs were positioned in right lateral
recumbency. Data were collected at baseline (PaCO2
of 35 to 45 mm Hg), during two-lung ventilation, and
15 minutes after creating OLV. Hemodynamic and respiratory
variables were analyzed and calculations performed
to obtain DO2
, and values were compared
among the various time points by use of an ANOVA
for repeated measures.

Results—OLV induced a significant augmentation of
shunt fraction that resulted in a significant reduction
in PaO2, arterial oxygen saturation, and arterial oxygen
content. Cardiac index was not significantly changed.
The net result was that DO2 was not significantly
affected by OLV.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Use of OLV in
healthy dogs does not induce significant changes in
DO2, which is the ultimate variable to use when evaluating
tissue oxygenation. One-lung ventilation can
be initiated safely in dogs before entering the thoracic
cavity during surgery. Additional studies are necessary
to evaluate OLV in clinically affected patients and
variations in age, body position, and type of anesthetic
protocol. (Am J Vet Res 2005;66:973–977)
Effects of aerosolized class C fly ash in weanling goats
Authors: Purdy Charles W. , Straus David C. , Ayers J. R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine effects of repeated aerosol
exposures to fly ash dust on respiratory tracts of tent-confined
goats.

Animals—12 weanling Boer-Spanish crossbred
goats.

Procedure—Goats were randomly assigned to 2
groups: fly ash treatment group (principal goats,
n = 6) or control group (control goats, 6). Aerosolized fly
ash dust was provided during a 4-hour period for each
of 6 applications given over 3 months and one 2-hour
application prior to necropsy. Fly ash particle diameters
ranged from 0.1 to 130 µm and averaged 17.8 µm, with
1.5% of fly ash particles in the 0.1- to 5-µm-diameter
range. A mean ± SD of 748 ± 152 g/treatment was
delivered inside a tent containing principal goats; control
goats were placed inside a similar tent for 4-hour
treatments without dust. Following treatment, rectal
temperatures were taken at 0, 4, 6, 8, 24, and 72
hours; Hcts were recorded at 0, 24, and 72 hours.

Results—Rectal temperatures were significantly
increased at 4, 6, and 8 hours and decreased at 72
hours, compared with 0 hours. Mean ± SEM Hct values
were significantly increased for principal goats
(37.47 ± 0.39%), compared with control goats (36.17
± 0.42%). A significant increase in the mean area of
gross atelectatic lung lesions (1,410 mm2) was found
in principal goats (n = 6), compared with control goats
(440 mm2; 5).

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An increase
in atelectatic lung lesions was observed in principal
goats, compared with control goats; however, overall,
fly ash dust effects were nontoxic. ( Am J Vet Res 2005;66:991–995)
Cytokine gene transcription in feline nasal tissue with histologic evidence of inflammation
Authors: Johnson Lynelle R. , De Cock Hilde E. V. , Sykes Jane E. , Kass Philip H. , Maggs David J. , Leutenegger Christian M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To correlate gene transcription of
cytokines and chemokines with histologic inflammation
in nasal biopsy specimens of cats.

Animals—25 study cats and 4 specific pathogen–free
cats.

Procedure—One nasal biopsy specimen from each
cat was submitted for routine histologic evaluation; a
second was submitted for evaluation by use of a
quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction
analysis with a fluorogenic probe (ie, TaqMan) for
detection of cytokines and chemokines (interleukin
[IL]-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IL-16, IL-18, interferon
[IFN]-γ, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]-α, and the regulated
on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted
[RANTES] protein). Specimens were grouped histologically
by degree of inflammation (none, mild,
moderate, or severe). Linearized TaqMan signals for
each gene were compared among histologic groups.

Results—Nasal biopsy specimens from specific
pathogen–free cats were histologically normal, and
cytokine transcription was low in these samples. As
nasal inflammation in study cats worsened from
absent (n = 3) to mild (4) to moderate (8) or severe
(10), progressively and significantly increasing transcription
of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12 p40, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and the
RANTES protein was detected. Transcription of IL-4, IL-
5, IL-16, and IL-18 did not correlate with worsened histologic
inflammation.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transcription
of specific cytokines and chemokines in nasal tissue
of cats progressively increased with severity of histologic
evidence of inflammation, and IL-6, IL-10, IL-12
p40, IFN-γ, TNF-α, and the RANTES protein were
markers of inflammation. Our data suggest that the
nasal cavity of cats is biased toward a Th1 cytokine
profile that is augmented by inflammation. (Am J Vet
Res 2005;66:996–1001)
Effect of the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose on control of glycemia in dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus
Authors: Nelson Richard W. , Robertson Jane , Feldman Edward C. , Briggs Carolyn 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate effect of acarbose on control of glycemia in dogs with diabetes mellitus.Design—Prospective randomized crossover controlled trial.Animals—5 dogs with naturally acquired diabetes mellitus.Procedure—Dogs were treated with acarbose and placebo for 2 months each: in 1 of 2 randomly assigned treatment sequences. Dogs that weighed ≤ 10 kg (22 lb; n = 3) or > 10 kg (2) were given 25 or 50 mg of acarbose, respectively, at each meal for 2 weeks, then 50 or 100 mg of acarbose, respectively, at each meal for 6 weeks, with a 1-month interval between treatments. Caloric intake, type of insulin, and frequency of insulin administration were kept constant, and insulin dosage was adjusted as needed to maintain control of glycemia. Serum glucose concentrations, blood glycosylated hemoglobin concentration, and serum fructosamine concentration were determined.Results—Significant differences in mean body weight and daily insulin dosage among dogs treated with acarbose and placebo were not found. Mean preprandial serum glucose concentration, 8-hour mean serum glucose concentration, and blood glycosylated hemoglobin concentration were significantly lower in dogs treated with insulin and acarbose, compared with insulin and placebo. Semisoft to watery feces developed in 3 dogs treated with acarbose.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Acarbose may be useful as an adjunctive treatment in diabetic dogs in which cause for poor glycemic control cannot be identified, and insulin treatment alone is ineffective. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1265–1269)
Association of high-speed exercise with racing injury in Thoroughbreds
Authors: Cohen Noah D. , Berry Scott M. , Peloso John G. , Mundy George D. , Howard Ian C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine the association between high-speed exercise and risk of injury while racing among Thoroughbreds in Kentucky.Design—Matched case-control study.Animals—206 Thoroughbreds that sustained a musculoskeletal injury while racing and 412 Thoroughbreds that were not injured during the same races.Procedure—Data regarding official timed workouts and races and the Beyer's numbers for the 3 races before the race during which injury occurred were extracted from past performance charts and compared between injured horses and control horses.Results—For injured horses, cumulative distance of high-speed exercise during the 1- and 2-month periods prior to the race in which injury occurred was significantly less than that of control horses; for either period, a difference of 10 furlongs was associated with approximately 2-fold greater risk of injury. Beyer's numbers were significantly higher for injured horses than for control horses. These effects remained significant after adjusting for age and results of prerace physical inspection.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In Kentucky, injured horses had significantly less cumulative highspeed exercise than did control horses during the 1- and 2-month periods prior to the race in which injury occurred. These results differ from those observed in California. The association of injury with cumulative high-speed exercise appears to vary among regions in the United States. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000; 216:1273–1278)
Effects of pulmonary abscesses on racing performance of horses treated at referral veterinary medical teaching hospitals: 45 cases (1985–1997)
Authors: Ainsworth Dorothy M. , Erb Hollis N. , Eicker Steven W. , Yeagar Amy E. , Viel Laurent , Sweeney Corinne R. , Lavoie Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether results of physical or radiographic examination or biochemical analyses in adult racehorses with primary lung abscesses were associated with ability to race following treatment.Design—Multiple-center retrospective study.Animals—25 Standardbreds and 20 Thoroughbreds.Procedure—Medical records of horses with a primary lung abscess that were admitted to any of 4 veterinary teaching hospitals were reviewed. Results of physical examination, laboratory testing, and thoracic radiography were reviewed. Racing performance after treatment was compared with performance before illness and with performance of the general population of racehorses of similar age, sex, and breed.Results—23 of 25 Standardbreds and 13 of 20 Thoroughbreds raced after diagnosis and treatment of a lung abscess. Most horses had a solitary abscess in the dorsal to caudodorsal lung fields. Results of initial physical examination, biochemical analyses, and culture and identification of the microbial isolate were not associated with whether a horse returned to racing. For horses that had raced prior to the illness, race performance after treatment of the lung abscess was not significantly different from performance before the illness.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—On the basis of racing performance in those horses that resumed racing after treatment, long-term residual lung damage did not develop in horses with primary lung abscesses that were treated appropriately. It is not known whether horses that recovered would be more likely to bleed from the site of a prior infection when resuming strenuous exercise and whether lung abscesses contributed to a failure to resume racing. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1282–1287)
Long-bone fractures in llamas: six cases (1993–1998)
Authors: Johnson Christopher R. , Baird Aubrey N. , Baird Debra K. , Wenzel James G. W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine clinical and radiographic findings, treatment, and outcome for llamas with long-bone fractures.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—6 llamas.Procedure—Medical records of llamas admitted between 1993 and 1998 because of long-bone fractures were reviewed. Data collected included age, sex, type of fracture, method of fracture repair, and postoperative complications. The Fisher exact test was used to compare age and sex of the llamas with long-bone fractures with those of the hospital population of llamas. All owners were contacted by telephone to determine perceived postoperative problems and whether the llamas were able to perform as expected.Results—Mean age was 160.8 days (range, 23 to 365 days). There was 1 male and 5 females. Fractures were more likely to occur in young llamas (≤ 1 year old) than in adults. Five of the fractures were attributed to traumatic episodes. Long bones affected included the tibia (n = 2), radius (2), femur (1), and humerus (1). Internal fixation with lag screws, plating, or both was performed on fractures of all llamas except 1; that llama was treated by use of confinement to a stall. None of the llamas had intraoperative complications, but postoperative complications were reported in 2 llamas. All fractures healed eventually, and clients were pleased with outcomes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Long-bone fractures in llamas are uncommon. Several types of long bone fractures can be successfully repaired by use of internal fixation, resulting in few complications and minimal convalescent time. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1291–1293)
Breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks in the United States between 1979 and 1998
Authors: Sacks Jeffrey J. , Sinclair Leslie , Gilchrist Julie , Golab Gail C. , Lockwood Randall 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To summarize breeds of dogs involved in fatal human attacks during a 20-year period and to assess policy implications.Animals—Dogs for which breed was reported involved in attacks on humans between 1979 and 1998 that resulted in human dog bite-related fatalities (DBRF).Procedure—Data for human DBRF identified previously for the period of 1979 through 1996 were combined with human DBRF newly identified for 1997 and 1998. Human DBRF were identified by searching news accounts and by use of The Humane Society of the United States' registry databank.Results—During 1997 and 1998, at least 27 people died of dog bite attacks (18 in 1997 and 9 in 1998). At least 25 breeds of dogs have been involved in 238 human DBRF during the past 20 years. Pit bull-type dogs and Rottweilers were involved in more than half of these deaths. Of 227 reports with relevant data, 55 (24%) human deaths involved unrestrained dogs off their owners' property, 133 (58%) involved unrestrained dogs on their owners' property, 38 (17%) involved restrained dogs on their owners' property, and 1 (< 1%) involved a restrained dog off its owner's property.Conclusions—Although fatal attacks on humans appear to be a breed-specific problem (pit bull-type dogs and Rottweilers), other breeds may bite and cause fatalities at higher rates. Because of difficulties inherent in determining a dog's breed with certainty, enforcement of breed-specific ordinances raises constitutional and practical issues. Fatal attacks represent a small proportion of dog bite injuries to humans and, therefore, should not be the primary factor driving public policy concerning dangerous dogs. Many practical alternatives to breed-specific ordinances exist and hold promise for prevention of dog bites. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;217:836–840)
Prevalence of heartworm infection in healthy cats in the lower peninsula of Michigan
Authors: Kalkstein Tina S. , Kaiser Lana , Kaneene John B. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine prevalence of heartworm
infection among healthy, client-owned cats in the
lower peninsula of Michigan.

Design—Cross-sectional prevalence study.

Animals—1,348 healthy cats examined at private veterinary
practices throughout the lower peninsula of
Michigan.

Procedure—Sera were tested by use of an ELISAbased
antigen test kit to determine infection and 2
commercially available antibody detection kits to
determine exposure. A questionnaire was used to collect
data to assess risk factors associated with infection.

Results—25 cats had positive results for heartworm
antigen, yielding an observed prevalence of 1.9%.
Neither antibody test was reliable or provided reproducible
results, and neither yielded positive results for
more than 20% of the antigen-positive heartworminfected
cats. Multivariate regression indicated that
cats from southeastern Michigan and cats ≥ 2 years
old had a higher risk of infection.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated
that most (80%) heartworm-infected cats in the
lower peninsula of Michigan were from the southeastern
part of the state, a pattern that closely paralleled
the prevalence of heartworm infection in dogs.
Therefore, knowledge of the regional prevalence of
heartworm infection in dogs may be useful in assessing
the risk of infection in cats. Results also suggested
that currently available in-clinic heartworm antibody
detection kits have limited utility in the diagnosis
of heartworm infection in cats. (J Am Vet Med
Assoc 2000;217:857–861)