bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Folate fortification, plasma folate, homocysteine and colorectal adenoma recurrence
Authors: Martínez María Elena , Giovannucci Edward , Jiang Ruiyun , Henning Susanne M. , Jacobs Elizabeth T. , Thompson Patricia , Smith‐Warner Stephanie A. , Alberts David S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn 1996, the US Food and Drug Administration mandated the fortification of grain products with folic acid, a nutrient that has been associated with lower risk of colorectal neoplasia. We assessed the relation of plasma folate and homocysteine and colorectal adenoma recurrence separately in 2 studies: the first involved an intervention of a cereal supplement that contained folic acid, wheat bran fiber (WBF), and the second was conducted primarily during postfortification of the food supply using ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Analyses were stratified for multivitamin use. Results show that plasma folate and homocysteine concentrations were associated with adenoma recurrence among nonusers of multivitamins only. Among nonmultivitamin users, the odds ratio [OR] (95% confidence interval [CI]) for those in the highest versus the lowest folate quartile was 0.65 (0.40–1.06) for the WBF study and 0.56 (0.31–1.02) for the UDCA; likewise, individuals in the highest versus the lowest quartile of homocysteine had higher odds of adenoma recurrence, in both the WBF (OR = 2.25; 95% CI = 1.38–3.66) and UDCA (OR = 1.93; 95% CI = 1.07–3.49) populations. Analyses comparing multivitamin users to different plasma folate concentrations among nonusers show that odds of recurrence for supplement users was lower only when compared to nonusers who had lower concentrations. Our results show that higher plasma folate or lower homocysteine levels are associated with lower odds of recurrence among nonusers of multivitamins in both studies. Our finding, suggesting that multivitamins or supplemental folate only benefit individuals with lower plasma folate concentrations, should be taken into consideration when designing and interpreting results of intervention studies. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No association between HPV infection and the neoplastic progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Result from a cross‐sectional study in a high‐risk region of China
Authors: Gao Guo‐Fu , Roth Mark J. , Wei Wen‐Qiang , Abnet Christian C. , Chen Feng , Lu Ning , Zhao Fang‐Hui , Li Xin‐Qing , Wang Guo‐Qing , Taylor Philip R. , Pan Qin‐Jing , Chen Wen , Dawsey Sanford M. , Qiao You‐Lin 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEsophageal cancer is a leading cause of cancer death, especially in developing countries. In high‐risk regions, squamous cell carcinoma is the most common type of esophageal cancer, and its etiology remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and related precursor lesions in a high‐risk area of China. We conducted a cross‐sectional study among adult inhabitants of Linxian, China. All subjects were interviewed about potential risk factors, had the length of their esophagus sampled by a balloon cytology examination and underwent endoscopy with mucosal iodine staining and biopsy of all unstained lesions. A multivalent HPV hybridization probe, Digene Hybrid Capture II (Gaithersburg, MD), which recognizes high‐risk types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68, was used to determine the HPV infection status of the cytologic specimens, and the endoscopic biopsies were used to classify each subject's esophageal disease. 740 subjects completed the cytologic and endoscopic exams, and 702 had adequate cytologic and biopsy specimens. Using a cutpoint of ≥3.0 pg/ml of HPV DNA to define a positive test, HPV positivity was identified in 13% (61/475) of subjects without squamous dysplasia, 8% (8/102) with mild dysplasia, 7% (6/83) with moderate dysplasia, 16% (6/38) with severe dysplasia and zero (0/4) with invasive ESCC. Changing the cutpoint defining a positive test did not change the association of HPV infection and dysplasia grade. In this high‐risk population, infection of esophageal cells with high‐risk HPV types occurs in 13% of asymptomatic adults with no evidence of squamous dysplasia and a similar proportion of individuals with mild, moderate or severe dysplasia. This suggests that HPV infection is not a major risk factor for ESCC in this high‐risk Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to determine if infection with this agent is associated with neoplastic progression in a subset of cases. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interference with O‐glycosylation in RMA lymphoma cells leads to a reduced in vivo growth of the tumor
Authors: Chen Liying , Sundbäck Jonas , Olofsson Sigvard , Jondal Mikael 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCarbohydrate processing in cancer cells can influence the growth, metastatic potential, vascularization and immune recognition of such cells. Interference with N‐glycosylation has been shown both to reduce the membrane expression of MHC class I and to increase the in vitro sensitivity of tumor cells to NK cell killing. We investigated the effect of O‐glycosylation inhibition on the in vivo growth, phenotype and NK sensitivity of RMA lymphoma cells using benzyl N‐acetyl‐α‐D‐galactosamide (BAG). BAG‐treated cells were found to have a strongly reduced local growth potential in vivo. However, inhibition of O‐glycosylation caused this effect without any significant downregulation of MHC‐I and increase in sensitivity to NK killing as seen after inhibition of N‐glycosylation using Castanospermine. BAG treatment of RMA cells resulted in the removal of larger O‐linked glycans and a high expression of the T‐antigen (GalGalNAc), a target for natural antibodies (NAs) induced by the gastrointestinal bacterial flora. Whether the loss of larger O‐linked glycans, and associated functions, or of biological effects of NA contributed to the antitumor effect remains to be established. The results support the idea that inhibitors of O‐ as well as N‐linked glycosylation may be useful for the treatment of cancer, given that they can be specifically targeted to the tumor tissue. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low prevalence of (pre) malignant lesions in the breast and high prevalence in the ovary and Fallopian tube in women at hereditary high risk of breast and ovarian cancer
Authors: Hermsen Brenda B.J. , van Diest Paul J. , Berkhof Johannes , Menko Fred H. , Gille Johan J.P. , Piek Jurgen M.J. , Meijer Sybren , Winters Henri A.H. , Kenemans Peter , Mensdorff‐Pouilly Silvia von , Verheijen René H.M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo analyse the prevalence of (pre) malignant lesions occurring in breast and adnexal tissue at prophylactic surgery in women at hereditary high risk of breast and/or ovarian cancers. Tissue was obtained from 85 women who underwent prophylactic bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy (pBSO) and from 59 women who underwent prophylactic mastectomy (pM). Control tissue samples were obtained from women undergoing breast reduction surgery (N = 99) or adnexal surgery for benign reasons (N = 72). In women with a BRCA1/2 mutation, the prevalence of a (pre) malignant adnexal lesion was 50% (95% CI 26–74) if older than 40 years and 14% (95% CI 0–58) if younger. The prevalences of (pre) malignant breast lesions in women older than 40 years, with and without a BRCA1/2 mutation, were 0% (95% CI 0–16) and 47% (95% CI 21–73), respectively. No association was found between (pre) malignant lesions in breast and adnexal tissue occurring in 28 women who underwent surgery on both organs (R = 0.155, p = 0.432), but the prevalence of lesions was significantly higher in adnexal tissue than in the breast (p = 0.023). Compared to controls, women at hereditary high risk had a higher chance of (pre) malignant lesions in the breast and an even higher chance of such lesions in the adnexal tissue. There was no indication for concomitant presence of such lesions in both organs at the time of prophylactic surgery. The high frequency of (pre) malignant lesions in the adnexal tissue stresses further the importance of pBSO from the age of 40 onwards in women at hereditary high risk. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of light‐curing method on marginal adaptation, microleakage, and microhardness of composite restorations
Authors: Ritter André V. , Cavalcante Larissa M. , Swift Edward J. , Thompson Jeffrey Y. , Pimenta Luiz A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe objective of this study was to investigate the effects of different light‐curing methods on microleakage, marginal adaptation, and microhardness of composite restorations. Slot‐type preparations were made in bovine teeth, with gingival margins on dentin. Specimens were divided into 12 groups (n = 12) according to composite‐light‐curing unit (LCU) combinations. Three composites were used: Filtek Supreme, Herculite XRV, and Heliomolar. All restorations were placed using the same adhesive. Four LCUs were used: a quartz‐tungsten‐halogen (QTH) LCU (Optilux 501), a first‐generation light‐emitting diode (LED) LCU (FreeLight 1), and two second‐generation LED LCUs (FreeLight 2 and Translux Power Blue). After finishing and polishing, specimens were subjected to mechanical load cycling (100,000 cycles). Gingival margin adaptation was determined as a function of gap formation using epoxy replicas. Microleakage was evaluated by measuring dye penetration across the gingival wall in cross‐sectioned specimens. Microhardness was measured as Knoop Hardness number (KHN) at different occluso‐gingival locations in cross‐sectioned specimens. Data were analyzed for statistical significance (p = 0.05) using appropriate statistical tests. Marginal adaptation was affected by load‐cycling in most specimens, but no significant differences were observed among composites and LCUs. Microleakage was not affected by LCU, except for Heliomolar specimens which when cured with Optilux 501 resulted in higher microleakage scores than those obtained with the other LCUs. For microhardness, Translux Power Blue generally produced the highest values and the FreeLight 1 produced the lowest. The performance of the second‐generation LED LCUs generally was similar to that of the QTH control, and better than that of the first‐generation LED unit. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Microstructures of beta‐titanium orthodontic wires joined by infrared brazing
Authors: Iijima Masahiro , Brantley William A. , Kawashima Isao , Baba Naoki , Alapati Satish B. , Yuasa Toshihiro , Ohno Hiroki , Mizoguchi Itaru 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe microstructures and interdiffusion in brazed beta‐titanium orthodontic wires were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and electron probe microanalysis, respectively. Beta‐titanium wire (Ti‐11Mo‐6Zr‐4Sn) with cross‐section dimensions of 0.032 in. × 0.032 in., titanium‐based braze alloy (Ti‐30Ni‐20Cu), and silver‐based braze alloy (Ag‐22Cu‐17Zn‐5Sn) were selected for the study. Brazing was performed using infrared radiation (RS‐1) under an argon atmosphere. Specimens were etched with two solutions (2.5% HF + 2.5% HNO3 + 95% H2O; 25% HN4OH + 30% H2O2 + 45%H2O). It was found that the silver‐based braze alloy has a eutectic structure. In the diffusion layer between the beta‐titanium wire and this silver‐based braze alloy, Cu and Ti were enriched on the wire side, and Sn and Ti were enriched on the braze alloy side. The titanium‐based braze alloy has a dendritic structure. Beta‐titanium wire specimens brazed with the titanium‐based braze alloy had a thicker intermediate area compared to the silver alloy; Ti in the diffusion layer had an irregular concentration gradient, and the braze alloy side had higher Ti concentration. The original microstructure of the beta‐titanium wire was not altered with the use of either braze alloy. Infrared brazing of beta‐titanium orthodontic wire is acceptable for clinical use, since the wire microstructure did not deteriorate with either the titanium‐based or silver‐based braze alloy. The differing microstructures of the joint regions for the two braze alloys suggest that the joint strengths may also differ. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Confocal laser scanning microscopy as a tool for imaging cancellous bone
Authors: Smith I. O. , Ren F. , Baumann M. J. , Case E. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUnderstanding the bimodal structure of cancellous bone is important for tissue engineering in order to more accurately fabricate scaffolds to promote bone ingrowth and vascularization in newly forming bone. In this study, confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to create detailed images of the bimodally porous intertrabecular space of defatted and deproteinized cancellous canine bone taken from the epiphysis of the humerus. The bimodal pore structure was imaged using both reflective and fluorescent modes in CLSM, resulting in four different, but complementary image types: (1) a Z‐stack overlay, (2) a ϕ–Z scan, (3) a topographical map, and (4) a contour map. Submerging the bone in rhodamine B dye prior to fluorescent imaging enhanced the pore surface details, giving a more accurate pore size measurement. The average macropore diameter was found to be 260 ± 97 μm while the average micropore diameter was 13 ± 10 μm. When compared with common techniques, including microcomputed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, scanning electron microscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy, for imaging cancellous bone, CLSM was found to be an effective tool, given its ability to nondestructively image the surface and near‐surface pore structure. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2006
Heterotopic pancreas presenting as gastric submucosal cyst on endoscopic sonography
Authors: Yen Hsu‐Heng , Soon Maw‐Soan , Soon Anny 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA 50‐year‐old Chinese woman with vague epigastric discomfort underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy that revealed a saddle‐shaped submucosal tumor in the antrum along the greater curvature. Endoscopic sonography showed that the tumor consisted of two cystic lesions. Because of persisting symptoms, the tumor was resected 8 months later. Pathological examination revealed scattered heterotopic pancreatic acini and ducts in the submucosa and muscularis propria. We suggest that heterotopic pancreas, though rare, should be considered in the differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the gastric wall. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:203–206, 2006
Choledochocele demonstrated on conventional sonography
Authors: Kishino Tomonori , Haradome Hiroki , Mori Hideaki , Takahashi Shin'ichi , Ishida Hitoshi , Watanabe Takashi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCholedochocele is the least common form of choledochal cyst. We report a rare bile duct cyst diagnosed in a 63‐year‐old woman via CT cholangiography. Although conventional sonography initially failed to reveal abnormal findings, a subsequent detailed study clearly depicted the lesion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of choledochocele unambiguously demonstrated on transabdominal sonography. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:199–202, 2006
Sonographic diagnosis of toddler's fracture in the emergency department
Authors: Lewis David , Logan Peter 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe describe 3 cases of toddler's fracture of the tibia that were diagnosed via sonographic examination. In cases, initial radiographs did not show the fracture, whereas sonographic examination revealed a layer of low reflectivity superficial to the tibial cortex and an elevated periosteum, suggesting a fracture hematoma. The diagnosis was confirmed at 2–3 weeks with radiographs demonstrating periosteal reaction. Both fractures were treated with cast immobilization for 4 weeks and made a full recovery. The third case was diagnosed via sonography and was confirmed by the initial radiographs. These results strongly suggest that sonography can detect the presence of a fracture hematoma and thus may help diagnose this injury earlier. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:190–194, 2006
How do genes make teeth to order through development?
Authors: Mitsiadis Thimios A. , Smith Moya M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis introduction to new patterning theories for the vertebrate dentition outlines the historical concepts to explain graded sequences in tooth shape in mammals (incisors, canines, premolars, molars) which change in evolution in a linked manner, constant for each region. The classic developmental models for shape regulation, known as the ‘regional field’ and ‘dental clone’ models, were inspired by the human dentition, where it is known that the last tooth in each series is the one commonly absent. The mouse, as a valuable experimental model, has provided data to test these models and more recently, based on spatial‐temporal gene expression data, the ‘dental homeobox code’ was proposed to specify regions and regulate tooth shape. We have attempted to combine these hypotheses in a new model of the combinatorial homeobox gene expression pattern with the clone and field theories in one of ‘co‐operative genetic interaction’. This also explains the genetic absence of teeth in humans ascribed to point mutations in mesenchymally expressed genes, which affect tooth number in each series. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initiation of apoptosis and autophagy by photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kessel David , Vicente M. Graça H. , Reiners John J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThis study was designed to examine modes of cell death after photodynamic therapy (PDT).Study DesignMurine leukemia L1210 cells and human prostate Bax‐deficient DU145 cells were examined after PDT‐induced photodamage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy were used to identify changes in cellular morphology, chromatin condensation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, and formation of phagolysosomes. Western blots were used to assess the processing of LC3‐I to LC3‐II, a marker for autophagy. Inhibitors of apoptosis and/or autophagy were used to delineate the contributions of the two pathways to the effects of PDT.ResultsBoth apoptosis and autophagy occurred in L1210 after ER photodamage with the latter predominating after 24 hours. In DU145 cells, PDT conditions causing comparable cytotoxicity only initiated autophagy. PI3‐kinase inhibitors suppressed autophagy in both cell lines as indicated by inhibition of vacuolization and LC3 processing.ConclusionsBoth autophagy and apoptosis were observed in L1210 cells following ER photodamage. In the Bax‐deficient DU145 cell line only autophagy was observed. Current information suggests that autophagy can function as either a survival or death pathway. We propose that in the context of PDT, this may also be true. Lasers Surg. Med. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Shear Mechanical Properties of Main Chain Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
Authors: Rogez Daniel , Brandt Holger , Finkelmann Heino , Martinoty Philippe 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary:The behavior of the complex shear modulusG = G′ + iG″of a main chain liquid crystalline elastomer film oriented with the director in the plane of the film is investigated for the first time by shearing the film in a direction perpendicular or parallel to the director. The film exhibits a small mechanical anisotropy around the N‐I transition, which disappears slightly aboveTNI. A hydrodynamic softening of bothG′⟂andG′∥(symbols ∥ and ⟂ refer to the direction of the director parallel, respectively perpendicular, to the shear displacement) is observed in the isotropic phase nearTNIwhich is ascribed to the reorientation of the SmC domains revealed by X‐rays. These SmC domains are frozen‐in the temperature range investigated. They relax with a characteristic time which is deduced from the frequency dependence of the mechanical response of the film. It is shown that the time‐temperature superposition method does not apply and that there is no indication in favor of soft or semi‐soft elasticity. The influence of a static compression induced either mechanically on the film or by the shape change of the film as a function of temperature is also investigated. Data on the polydomain analogue complement this study.Temperature dependence ofG′∥andG′⟂at 0.2 Hz for the monodomain film.imageTemperature dependence ofG′∥andG′⟂at 0.2 Hz for the monodomain film.
Resonance phenomena in compound cylindrical waveguides
Authors: Heinzelmann Günter , Werner Peter 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe study the large time asymptotics of the solutions u(x,t) of the Dirichlet and the Neumann initial boundary value problem for the wave equation with time‐harmonic right‐hand side in domains Ω which are composed of a finite number of disjoint half‐cylinders Ω1,…,Ωr with cross‐sections Ω′1,…,Ω′r and a bounded part (‘compound cylindrical waveguides’). We show that resonances of orders t and t1/2 may occur at a finite or countable discrete set of frequencies ω, while u(x,t) is bounded as t→∞ for the remaining frequencies. A resonance of order t occurs at ω if and only if ω2 is an eigenvalue of the Laplacian −Δ in Ω with regard to the given boundary condition u=0 or ∂u/∂n=0, respectively. A resonance of order t1/2 occurs at ω if and only if (i) ω2 is an eigenvalue of at least one of the Laplacians for the cross‐sections Ω′1,…,Ωr′ with regard to the respective boundary condition and (ii) the respective homogeneous boundary value problem for the reduced wave equation ΔU+ω2U=0 in Ω has non‐trivial solutions with suitable asymptotic properties as | x | →∞ (‘standing waves’). Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simple and accurate synthesis formulas obtained by using a differential evolution algorithm for coplanar strip lines
Authors: Yildiz Celal , Akdagli Ali , Turkmen Mustafa 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn this work, a simple, fast, and accurate optimization approach based on a differential evolution (DE) algorithm is presented to obtain closed‐form formulas for the synthesis of coplanar strip (CPS) lines. The results obtained from the synthesis formulas proposed in this work are compared with the results of quasi‐static analysis and the other synthesis formulas previously published in the literature. The accuracy of the proposed synthesis formulas is found to be better than 1.22% for 2524 CPS samples. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1133–1137, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21559
Internal DTV antenna for folder‐type mobile phone
Authors: Wong Kin‐Lu , Chi Yun‐Wen , Chen Brian , Yang Sam 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBy using the upper and lower ground planes of a folder‐type mobile phone, a novel internal shorted dipole antenna for digital television (DTV) signal reception in the 470–806‐MHz band is presented. The shorted dipole antenna further comprises an internal matching circuit, which includes a chip capacitor and two narrow metal strips, for achieving improved impedance matching over the DTV band of 470–806 MHz. The proposed DTV antenna was constructed and studied. The measured return loss for the operating frequencies over the DTV band is better than 2.5:1 VSWR. In addition, good radiation characteristics are also obtained. Design considerations of the proposed internal DTV antenna are described. A parametric study of the internal matching circuit on the impedance matching of the antenna is also presented. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1015–1019, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21587