bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech Development in Prelingually Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants
Authors: Bouchard Marie‐Eve , Ouellet Christine , Cohen Henri 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSince the early 1980s, cochlear implantation has been an approved method for treating profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss in children. It is widely believed that the use of this device would significantly benefit young deaf children's development of speech and ability to participate in aural–oral communication. However, whereas significant improvement in speech reception and perception skills following implantation has been widely documented, cochlear prostheses as speech production aids have been studied less extensively. The main objective of this article is to review the work conducted on speech produced by prelingually deaf children following cochlear implantation. Cochlear implants and their functioning are described, as are the cognitive, social and clinical factors known to play a role in successful implantation of children. It is concluded that cochlear implantation may speed up speech production to near normal rates, but initial delays are not totally reversible. In addition, the variability in all performance measures is high, and the reasons for good and poor outcomes are only partly understood.
Polyfluoroorganoboron-Oxygen Compounds. 7. Studies of Conversion of [(C6HnF5-n)B(OMe)3]- Into [(C6HnF5-n)2B(OMe)2]- (n = 0, 1)
Authors: Adonin Nicolai Yu. , Bardin Vadim V. , Frohn Hermann-Josef 
Published: December 2008

Conversion of salts Li[(C6HnF5-n)B(OMe)3] (n = 0, 1) into (Li·DME)[(C6HnF5-n)2B(OMe)2] was studied in dichloromethane-DME solution. The observed rate constants k decrease from (21.4 ± 0.9) × 10-3 l mol-1 s-1 (Li[C6F5B(OMe)3]) over (6.99 ± 0.11) × 10-3 l mol-1 s-1 (Li[(2,3,5,6-C6HF4)B(OMe)3]) to (2.94 ± 0.05) × 10-3 l mol-1 s-1 (Li[(2,3,4,6-C6HF4)B(OMe)3]), while Li[(2,3,4,5-C6HF4)B(OMe)3] does not undergo any transformation. Hydrolysis of (Li·DME)[(C6HnF5-n)2B(OMe)2] leads to corresponding borinic acids, whereas treatment of them with aqueous solution of M[HF2] (M = Bu4N, K) acidified with HF results in M[(C6HnF5-n)2BF2] in high yields.
HFPO Trimer-Based Alkyl Triflate, a Novel Building Block for Fluorous Chemistry. Preparation, Reactions and 19F gCOSY Analysis
Authors: Kysilka Ondřej , Rybáčková Markéta , Skalický Martin , Kvíčalová Magdalena , Cvačka Josef , Kvíčala Jaroslav 
Published: December 2008

Triflate 4, CF3(CF2)2O-CF(CF3)CF2O-CF(CF3)CH2-OTf (RFOCH2OTf), of the HFPO trimer-based alcohol 3 (RFOCH2OH) is a novel highly fluorinated building block for fluorous chemistry. In analogy to similar polyfluorinated triflates with methylene spacer, its reactivity is limited to strong and soft nucleophiles. Whereas reactions with cyanide anion, phenolate anion, enolate of diethyl malonate or lithium salt of benzaldehyde bis(phenylsulfanyl)acetal were unsuccessful, the corresponding imidazole 5, iodide 6 or azide 7 were prepared in good yields. Reaction of imidazole 5 with (perfluorohexyl)methyl triflate (9) afforded highly fluorinated non-crystalline imidazolium salt 8, TfO-RFOCH2-(C3H3N2)+-CH2C6F13-n, which could be employed as fluorous ionic liquid or intermediate for fluorous carbenes. Complete assignment of complex 19F NMR spectra of all compounds employed was accomplished using 19F gCOSY NMR method.
Sport-specific assessment of lactate threshold and aerobic capacity throughout a collegiate hockey season
Authors: Durocher John J. , Leetun Darin T. , Carter Jason R. 
Published: December 2008

The purpose of this study was to examine lactate threshold (LT) and maximal aerobic capacity with a sport-specific skating protocol throughout a competitive season in collegiate hockey players. We hypothesized that maximal aerobic capacity and skating velocity at LT would increase as the season progressed. Sixteen Division I college hockey players performed a graded exercise skating protocol to fatigue at 3 different times (pre-, mid-, and postseason). Subjects skated for 80 s during each stage, followed by 40 s of rest to allow for blood lactate sampling. Velocity at LT was similar during preseason (4.44 ± 0.08 m·s–1) and postseason (4.52 ± 0.05 m·s–1) testing, but was significantly elevated at midseason (4.70 ± 0.08 m·s–1; p < 0.01), compared with preseason. In contrast, LT as a percentage of maximal heart rate (HRmax) was unchanged throughout the season. HRmax remained constant throughout the season, at approximately 190 beats·min–1. Preseason maximal aerobic capacity (48.7 ± 0.8 mL·kg–1·min–1) was significantly higher than that at postseason (45.0 ± 1.1 mL·kg–1·min–1; p < 0.01). In conclusion, skating velocity at LT improved from pre- to midseason, but this adaptation was not maintained at postseason. Additionally, maximal aerobic capacity was reduced from pre- to postseason. These findings suggest a need for aerobic training throughout the college hockey season.
Development of chloride binding capacity in cement pastes and influence of the pH of hydration products
Authors: Song H. W. , Lee C. H. , Jung M. S. , Ann K. Y. 
Published: December 2008

This study deals with the chloride binding capacity of cementitious materials. The binding capacities of ordinary Portland cement (OPC), 30% pulverized fuel ash (PFA), 60% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and 10% silica fume (SF) pastes were monitored for 150 d using the water extraction method and the pH of the suspension (ground sample in distilled water) was simultaneously measured at 150 d. Results show that the binding capacity always increased with time, irrespective of binder, and the order of binding capacity with binders was 60% GGBS > 30% PFA > OPC > 10% SF. The pH of suspensions increased with time up to about 10 d, presumably due to a leaching out of alkalis, and then kept a certain value that was dependent on binder type. It was also found that an increase in the concentration of hydroxyl ions, derived from the pH of the suspension, resulted in a decrease in the mole ratio of free chloride to hydroxyl ions, reflecting the lower risk of steel corrosion.
Individual safety and health outcomes in the construction industry
Authors: McCabe Brenda , Loughlin Catherine , Munteanu Ramona , Tucker Sean , Lam Andrew 
Published: December 2008

Between 2004 and 2006, 911 self-administered questionnaires were collected from 84 nonresidential Ontario construction sites. Each questionnaire contained 105 questions and took approximately 15 min to complete. This paper presents one study from that research project that seeks to understand the relationship among worker demographics, worker safety attitudes, and worker health and safety outcomes (e.g., worker well-being and accidents). The participants had an average age of 38.3 years with 15.1 years experience in the industry. Short job tenure, age, experience, and job position were highly related to safety outcomes. Apprentices experienced more accidents, whereas supervisors reported more work-related psychological symptoms. Among the situational factors, higher work pressure, high interpersonal conflict, and low-quality leadership were most strongly associated with work-related health outcomes and accidents. Regression models were developed with a maximum adjusted coefficient of determination of 0.28. A graphical means of modeling the data was demonstrated in the form of a Bayesian belief network.
Beneficial effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone on dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice
Authors: Xiao Hong-Bo , Sun Zhi-Liang , Lu Xiang-Yang , Li Da-Zhi , Xu Jian-Ping , Hu Ya-Ping 
Published: December 2008

Previous investigations have shown that decreased expression of angiopoietin-like protein 3 (Angptl3) is protective against dyslipidemia in atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to test the effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone, a xanthone compound, on dyslipidemia in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE−/−) mice. Forty mice were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 10): control group (C57BL/6J mice), ApoE−/−mice group, and two groups of ApoE−/−mice treated with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (10 or 30 mg/kg per day). Eight weeks after treatment, lipid levels in the blood and liver, expression of hepatic Angptl3, and adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase (LPL) were determined. Treatment with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (10 or 30 mg/kg) significantly decreased plasma and hepatic total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, increased plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and significantly downregulated expression of Angptl3 mRNA and protein concomitantly with upregulated expression of LPL mRNA. In addition, T0901317 (a liver X receptor ligand) caused elevated expression of hepatic Angptl3 mRNA and protein, and the effect of T0901317 was also abrogated by 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone in vivo and in vitro. The present results suggest that the beneficial effect of 3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone on dyslipidemia may be related to reduced expression of Angptl3.
Diet of two insectivorous bats, Myotis lucifugus and Myotis keenii, in relation to arthropod abundance in a temperate Pacific Northwest rainforest environment
Authors: Burles D. W. , Brigham R. M. , Ring R. A. , Reimchen T. E. 
Published: December 2008

We assessed the diet of two morphologically similar bats ( Myotis lucifugus (LeConte, 1831) and Myotis keenii (Merriam, 1895)), which both used hydrothermally heated nursery roosts at Gandll K’in Gwaayaay (Hotspring Island), Haida Gwaii (Queen Charlotte Islands), British Columbia, in 1998 and 1999. Our purpose was to determine if they fed opportunistically or actively selected prey, and whether they partitioned prey resources. We determined diet by analyzing feces collected from captured bats and compared it with the relative abundance of insects captured in light traps. Myotis lucifugus fed mainly on lepidopterans, medium-sized to large dipterans, neuropterans, and hymenopterans, while M. keenii fed on lepidopterans, arachnids, medium-sized to large dipterans, and neuropterans. We found that both species were selecting prey, although selection may have been more a function of prey size than particular taxa. Arachnids occurred in feces of both species, implying that both were capable of gleaning prey from surfaces, although only M. keenii regularly fed on spiders. We concluded from the preponderance of flying insects in the diet of M. lucifugus that it was primarily aerial hawking prey, while we took the frequent occurrence of both flying insects and spiders in the diet of M. keenii to indicate that it was both aerial hawking and gleaning prey. Weather conditions between years affected relative abundance of insects and bat diet, with species diversity being lower in light-trap samples and diet of M. lucifugus in 1999, which was cooler and wetter than in 1998. Species diversity in the diet of M. keenii was higher in 1999. Similarities in diet indicated that some interspecific competition was occurring, although this competition was likely minimized by their different foraging strategies.
Flow upscaling in highly heterogeneous reservoirs
Authors: Zhang P. , Pickup G. E. , Monfared H. , Christie M. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In the early stages of field development, there are many uncertainties and the current trend is to generate coarse-scale models so that many simulations can be run rapidly in order to determine the main sensitivities in a model. However, at a later stage, more data are available and there is less uncertainty in the model, so a more detailed modelling approach is desirable. In this paper, we discuss two modelling procedures which are suitable for different stages of the life of a field, and address the problem of upscaling at each stage. First, we consider a novel approach for generating coarse-scale models for evaluating uncertainty. When there is a large amount of uncertainty, the generation of fine-scale models is too time-consuming, and upscaling them by large factors may produce large errors. We demonstrate an alternative approach for modelling at a coarse scale, while preserving the heterogeneity of the fine-scale distribution, in such a way as to reproduce the fine-scale flow results. Secondly, we focus on more detailed geological models, generated at a later stage of field development. These models may comprise millions of grid cells, and may be highly heterogeneous. Such models require upscaling, but traditional methods may be very inaccurate. We have developed a method for upscaling using well-drive boundary conditions. Tests of this method show that it can reliably reproduce the fine-scale recovery in a range of models.
Scenario-based reservoir modelling: the need for more determinism and less anchoring
Authors: Bentley Mark , Smith Simon 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The scenario-based reservoir modelling method places a strong emphasis on the deterministic control of the model design, contrasting with strongly probabilistic approaches in which effort is focused on the ‘richness’ of a geostatistical algorithm to derive multiple stochastic realizations. Scenario-based approaches also differ from traditional ‘rationalist’ modelling, which often involves the construction of only a single, best-guess or base-case model. The advantage of scenario modelling is that there is no requirement to anchor on a preferred, base-case model, and it is argued here that selection of a base case is detrimental to achieving appropriately wide uncertainty ranges. Multiple-deterministic scenario modelling also carries the advantage of maintaining explicit dependency between model parameters and the ultimate model outcome, such as a development plan. The approach has been applied widely to new fields, where multiple deterministic reservoir simulations of a suite of static models can be easily handled. The approach has also been extended to mature fields, in which practical approaches to multiple-history matching are required. Mature field scenario modelling, in particular, illustrates the weaknesses of base-case modelling, and delivers a strong statement on the non-uniqueness of modelling in general. Current issues are the need to develop better methodologies for multiple-history matching, and for linking discrete, deterministic, scenario-based outcomes to probabilistic reporting. Experimental design methods offer a solution to the latter issue, and a simple, practical workflow for its application is described.
A method for quantifying geological uncertainties in assessing remaining oil targets: a case study from the Glitne Field, North Sea
Authors: Keogh K. J. , Berg F. K. , Petek Glitne 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Evaluating the static volume potential of a field from a single geological reservoir model can be a risky business. Each piece of input data used to build the model carries an uncertainty that is not expressed in a single deterministic realization. In evaluating the technical and economic feasibility of drilling a new production well on the StatoilHydro operated Glitne Field, a quantified assessment of the range in expected volumes was undertaken. A geological uncertainty study was initiated to identify and quantify the input parameters of greatest impact on static volumetric uncertainty in the reservoir model and to identify potential upsides or downsides that would strongly affect the economics of the potential well target areas. For each geological input parameter, a high-case and low-case scenario was established to capture the end members (approximating to P90–P10) in that parameter uncertainty. IRAP RMS was used in combination with an in-house Microsoft Excel macro together with @Risk to produce a quantitative analysis of the uncertainty range in STOIIP and a ranking of the parameters most affecting the uncertainty in this range. This study has contributed to making a better-informed decision for drilling a new production well on the Glitne Field and thus increasing ultimate recovery and field life further. The workflow used has its limitations but this study shows that a geological uncertainty study can be performed relatively simply using only a limited number of software applications. This study also hopes to highlight the importance of having these studies undertaken by company asset teams as part of their reservoir characterization routines.
The Schiehallion Field: lessons learned modelling a complex deepwater turbidite
Authors: Freeman Paul , Kelly Sean , Macdonald Chris , Millington John , Tothill Mike 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The need for a new Schiehallion full field reservoir simulation model was driven by the requirement to re-evaluate the reserves in the field: the existing model indicated that the modelled volumes were potentially too conservative. This, coupled with a 50% increase in the wells database through ongoing development drilling, was the main reason for building the new model. An integrated multidisciplinary team consisting of BP and Shell staff was set up to build a new full-field reservoir simulation model for reserves re-evaluation. The paper outlines the workflow employed in building the new model, FFM2003, and describes elements of this workflow in more detail, concentrating on lessons learned during the process.
Using multiple-point statistics to build geologically realistic reservoir models: the MPS/FDM workflow
Authors: Strebelle Sebastien , Levy Marjorie 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Building geologically realistic reservoir models that honour well data and seismic-derived information remains a major challenge. Conventional variogram-based modelling techniques typically fail to capture complex geological structures while object-based techniques are limited by the amount of conditioning data. This paper presents new reservoir facies modelling tools that improve both model quality and efficiency relative to traditional geostatistical techniques. Geostatistical simulation using Multiple-Point Statistics (MPS) is an innovative depositional facies modelling technique that uses conceptual geological models as training images to integrate geological information into reservoir models. Replacing the two-point statistic variogram with multiple-point statistics extracted from a training image enables to model non-linear facies geobody shapes such as sinuous channels, and to capture complex spatial relationships between multiple facies. In addition, because the MPS algorithm is pixel-based, it can handle a large amount of conditioning data, including many wells, seismic data, facies proportion maps and curves, variable azimuth maps, and interpreted geobodies, thus reducing the uncertainty in facies spatial distribution. Facies Distribution Modelling (FDM) is a new technique to generate facies probability cubes from user-digitized depositional maps and cross-sections, well data, and vertical facies proportion curves. Facies probability cubes generated by FDM are used as soft constraints in MPS geostatistical modelling. They are critical, especially with sparse well data, to ensure that the spatial distribution of the simulated facies is consistent with the depositional facies interpretation of the field. A workflow combining MPS and FDM has been successfully used in Chevron to model important oilfield assets in both shallow- and deep-water depositional environments. Sedimentary environments can be characterized by a succession of deposition of elements, or rock bodies, through time. These elements are traditionally grouped into classes, commonly named ‘depositional facies’, based on their lithology, petrophysical properties, and biological structures. For example, the typical depositional facies encountered in fluvial environments are high permeability sand channels, with levées and crevasse splays, having a more variable range of permeability and net-to-gross ratio, within a background of low permeability shaley facies.
Calibration and validation of reservoir models: the importance of high resolution, quantitative outcrop analogues
Authors: Jones Richard R. , Mccaffrey Kenneth J. W. , Imber Jonathan , Wightman Ruth , Smith Steven A. F. , Holdsworth Robert E. , Clegg Phillip , De Paola Nicola , Healy David , Wilson Robert W. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Rapidly developing methods of digital acquisition, visualization and analysis allow highly detailed outcrop models to be constructed, and used as analogues to provide quantitative information about sedimentological and structural architectures from reservoir to subseismic scales of observation. Terrestrial laser-scanning (lidar) and high precision Real-Time Kinematic GPS are key survey technologies for data acquisition. 3D visualization facilities are used when analysing the outcrop data. Analysis of laser-scan data involves picking of the point-cloud to derive interpolated stratigraphic and structural surfaces. The resultant data can be used as input for object-based models, or can be cellularized and upscaled for use in grid-based reservoir modelling. Outcrop data can also be used to calibrate numerical models of geological processes such as the development and growth of folds, and the initiation and propagation of fractures.
IκB Kinase-α Regulates Endothelial Cell Motility and Tumor Angiogenesis
Authors: DeBusk Laura M. , Massion Pierre P. , Lin P. Charles 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is constitutively activated in many types of cancers and has been implicated in gene expression important for angiogenesis, tumor growth, progression, and metastasis. Here, we show that the NF-κB activator, IκB kinase-α (IKKα), but not IKKβ, promotes endothelial cell motility and tumor angiogenesis. IKKα is elevated in tumor vasculature compared with normal endothelium. Overexpression of IKKα in endothelial cells promoted cell motility and vascular tubule formation in a three-dimensional culture assay, and conversely, knockdown of IKKα in endothelial cells inhibited cell motility, compared with controls. Interestingly, blocking NF-κB activation totally abolished IKKα-induced angiogenic function. Furthermore, using a tumor and endothelial cell cotransplantation model, we show that overexpression of IKKα in endothelial cells significantly increased tumor vascular formation compared with controls, which contributed to increased tumor growth and tumor cell proliferation, and decreased tumor cell apoptosis. Collectively, these findings have identified a new function for IKKα through the canonical NF-κB pathway in tumor angiogenesis. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10223–8]
Coordinated Regulation of Cell Cycle Transcripts by p53-Inducible microRNAs, miR-192 and miR-215
Authors: Georges Sara A. , Biery Matthew C. , Kim Soo-yeon , Schelter Janell M. , Guo Jane , Chang Aaron N. , Jackson Aimee L. , Carleton Michael O. , Linsley Peter S. , Cleary Michele A. , Chau B. Nelson 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Cell cycle arrest in response to DNA damage is an important antitumorigenic mechanism. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were recently shown to play key regulatory roles in cell cycle progression. For example, miR-34a is induced in response to p53 activation and mediates G1 arrest by down-regulating multiple cell cycle–related transcripts. Here we show that genotoxic stress promotes the p53-dependent up-regulation of the homologous miRNAs miR-192 and miR-215. Like miR-34a, activation of miR-192/215 induces cell cycle arrest, suggesting that multiple miRNA families operate in the p53 network. Furthermore, we define a downstream gene expression signature for miR-192/215 expression, which includes a number of transcripts that regulate G1 and G2 checkpoints. Of these transcripts, 18 transcripts are direct targets of miR-192/215, and the observed cell cycle arrest likely results from a cooperative effect among the modulations of these genes by the miRNAs. Our results showing a role for miR-192/215 in cell proliferation combined with recent observations that these miRNAs are underexpressed in primary cancers support the idea that miR-192 and miR-215 function as tumor suppressors. [Cancer Res 2008;68(24):10105–12]