bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and clinical correlates of neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia
Authors: Steffens David C. , Maytan Margaret , Helms Michael J. , Plassman Brenda L. 
Published: May 2006

The purpose of this research was to assess the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric and behavioral symptoms and to examine the association between preexisting medical conditions and specific neuropsychiatric symptoms in demented individuals. We studied 211 demented subjects (87.7 percent male) who were participants in epidemiological studies of dementia. Using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI), we assessed the frequency and severity of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We collected medical history information during a structured telephone interview. Our analyses focused on determining prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms by dementia diagnosis and severity. We also examined the association of history of head injury, alcohol abuse, and stroke with development of neuropsychiatric symptoms. We found that neuropsychiatric symptoms were common, with approximately three-fourths of the subjects exhibiting at least one symptom during the preceding month. Apathy (39.3 percent), agitation (31.8 percent), and aberrant motor behavior (31.1 percent) were the most frequent symptoms. Frequency and severity of symptoms were similar for the all-dementia and Alzheimer's disease–only groups. neuropsychiatric symptoms varied by severity of dementia, but generally not in a consistent ordinal pattern. History of alcohol abuse, head injury, or stroke was associated with presence of specific neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia. While psychiatric symptoms are common in dementia, they also vary by type and severity of dementia. The finding that certain medical conditions may increase risk for specific types of neuropsychiatric symptoms expands our knowledge of the natural history of dementia and should improve management of dementia in medically ill patients. Our results may also shed light on mechanisms that underlie neuropsychiatric symptoms.
Donor-derived mesenchymal stem cells are immunogenic in an allogeneic host and stimulate donor graft rejection in a nonmyeloablative setting
Authors: Nauta Alma J. , Westerhuis Geert , Kruisselbrink Alwine B. , Lurvink Ellie G. A. , Willemze Roel , Fibbe Willem E. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that have emerged as a promising tool for clinical application. Further clinical interest has been raised by the observation that MSCs are immunoprivileged and, more important, display immunosuppressive capacities. These properties may be of therapeutic value in allogeneic transplantation to prevent graft rejection and to prevent and treat graft-versus-host disease. In the present study, we examined the in vivo immunomodulatory properties of MSCs in murine models of allogeneic bone marrow (BM) transplantation. Sublethally irradiated recipients received allogeneic BM with or without host or donor MSCs. The addition of host MSCs significantly enhanced the long-term engraftment associated with tolerance to host and donor antigens. However, the infusion of donor MSCs was associated with significantly increased rejection of allogeneic donor BM cells. Moreover, we showed that the injection of merely allogeneic donor MSCs in naive mice was sufficient to induce a memory T-cell response. Although the observed engraftment-promoting effects of host MSCs in vivo support the therapeutic potential of MSCs, our results also indicate that allogeneic MSCs are not intrinsically immunoprivileged and that under appropriate conditions, allogeneic MSCs induce a memory T-cell response resulting in rejection of an allogeneic stem cell graft.
Asthma is associated with acute chest syndrome and pain in children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: Boyd Jessica H. , Macklin Eric A. , Strunk Robert C. , DeBaun Michael R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPain and acute chest syndrome (ACS) episodes are 2 of the most common causes of hospitalization in children with sickle cell anemia (SCA). However, very few potentially modifiable risk factors for either condition have been identified. In this prospective infant cohort study, we tested the hypothesis that asthma is associated with an increased incidence rate of pain and ACS episodes. An infant cohort was composed of 291 African American children with hemoglobin SS enrolled in the Cooperative Study for Sickle Cell Disease before age 6 months and followed beyond age 5 years. Asthma was defined by a physician diagnosis, an acute asthma event, or use of prescription asthma medications. The incidence rates of ACS and painful episodes were compared for children with and without asthma. A clinical diagnosis of asthma was made in 17% of the cohort. Asthma was associated with more frequent ACS episodes (0.39 vs 0.20 events per patient year, P < .001) and painful episodes (1.39 vs 0.47 events per patient year, P < .001). In conclusion, in children with SCA, asthma is associated with an increased incidence of sickle cell disease–related morbidity, including ACS and painful episodes.
Exogenous sphingomyelinase increases collagen and sulphated glycosaminoglycan production by primary articular chondrocytes: an in vitro study
Authors: Gilbert Sophie J , Blain Emma J , Jones Pamela , Duance Victor C , Mason Deborah J 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe previously established a role for the second messenger ceramide in protein kinase R (PKR)-mediated articular cartilage degradation. Ceramide is known to play a dual role in collagen gene regulation, with the effect of ceramide on collagen promoter activity being dependent on its concentration. Treatment of cells with low doses of sphingomyelinase produces small increases in endogenous ceramide. We investigated whether ceramide influences articular chondrocyte matrix homeostasis and, if so, the role of PKR in this process. Bovine articular chondrocytes were stimulated for 7 days with sphingomyelinase to increase endogenous levels of ceramide. To inhibit PKR, 2-aminopurine was added to duplicate cultures. De novo sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis were measured by adding [35S]-sulphate and [3H]-proline to the media, respectively. Chondrocyte phenotype was investigated using RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Over 7 days, sphingomyelinase increased the release of newly synthesized sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen into the media, whereas inhibition of PKR in sphingomyelinase-treated cells reduced the level of newly synthesized sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen. Sphingomyelinase treated chondrocytes expressed col2a1 mRNA, which is indicative of a normal chondrocyte phenotype; however, a significant reduction in type II collagen protein was detected. Therefore, small increments in endogenous ceramide in chondrocytes appear to push the homeostatic balance toward extracellular matrix synthesis but at the expense of the chondrocytic phenotype, which was, in part, mediated by PKR.
Prospective, randomized trial comparing fluids and dobutamine optimization of oxygen delivery in high-risk surgical patients [ISRCTN42445141]
Authors: Lobo Suzana M , Lobo Francisco R , Polachini Carlos A , Patini Daniela S , Yamamoto Adriana E , de Oliveira Neymar E , Serrano Patricia , Sanches Helder S , Spegiorin Marco A , Queiroz Marcio M , Christiano Antonio C , Savieiro Elisangela F , Alvarez Paula A , Teixeira Silvia P , Cunrath Geni S 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Preventing perioperative tissue oxygen debt contributes to a better postoperative recovery. Whether the beneficial effects of fluids and inotropes during optimization of the oxygen delivery index (DO2I) in high-risk patients submitted to major surgeries are due to fluids, to inotropes, or to the combination of the two is not known. We aimed to investigate the effect of DO2I optimization with fluids or with fluids and dobutamine on the 60-day hospital mortality and incidence of complications.

Methods
A randomized and controlled trial was performed in 50 high-risk patients (elderly with coexistent pathologies) undergoing major elective surgery. Therapy consisted of pulmonary artery catheter-guided hemodynamic optimization during the operation and 24 hours postoperatively using either fluids alone (n = 25) or fluids and dobutamine (n = 25), aiming to achieve supranormal values (DO2I > 600 ml/minute/m2).

Results
The cardiovascular depression was an important component in the perioperative period in this group of patients. Cardiovascular complications in the postoperative period occurred significantly more frequently in the volume group (13/25, 52%) than in the dobutamine group (4/25, 16%) (relative risk, 3.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.22–8.60; P < 0.05). The 60-day mortality rates were 28% in the volume group and 8% in the dobutamine group (relative risk, 3.00; 95% confidence interval, 0.67–13.46; not significant).

Conclusion
In patients with high risk of perioperative death, pulmonary artery catheter-guided hemodynamic optimization using dobutamine determines better outcomes, whereas fluids alone increase the incidence of postoperative complications.
RIFLE criteria for acute kidney injury are associated with hospital mortality in critically ill patients: a cohort analysis
Authors: Hoste Eric AJ , Clermont Gilles , Kersten Alexander , Venkataraman Ramesh , Angus Derek C , De Bacquer Dirk , Kellum John A 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Introduction
The lack of a standard definition for acute kidney injury has resulted in a large variation in the reported incidence and associated mortality. RIFLE, a newly developed international consensus classification for acute kidney injury, defines three grades of severity – risk (class R), injury (class I) and failure (class F) – but has not yet been evaluated in a clinical series.

Methods
We performed a retrospective cohort study, in seven intensive care units in a single tertiary care academic center, on 5,383 patients admitted during a one year period (1 July 2000–30 June 2001).

Results
Acute kidney injury occurred in 67% of intensive care unit admissions, with maximum RIFLE class R, class I and class F in 12%, 27% and 28%, respectively. Of the 1,510 patients (28%) that reached a level of risk, 840 (56%) progressed. Patients with maximum RIFLE class R, class I and class F had hospital mortality rates of 8.8%, 11.4% and 26.3%, respectively, compared with 5.5% for patients without acute kidney injury. Additionally, acute kidney injury (hazard ratio, 1.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.13; P < 0.001) and maximum RIFLE class I (hazard ratio, 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.88; P = 0.037) and class F (hazard ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 2.03–3.55; P < 0.001) were associated with hospital mortality after adjusting for multiple covariates.

Conclusion
In this general intensive care unit population, acute kidney 'risk, injury, failure', as defined by the newly developed RIFLE classification, is associated with increased hospital mortality and resource use. Patients with RIFLE class R are indeed at high risk of progression to class I or class F. Patients with RIFLE class I or class F incur a significantly increased length of stay and an increased risk of inhospital mortality compared with those who do not progress past class R or those who never develop acute kidney injury, even after adjusting for baseline severity of illness, case mix, race, gender and age.
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals Use Distinct Mechanisms of Action to Modulate Endocrine System Function
Authors: Henley Derek V. , Korach Kenneth S. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe term endocrine-disrupting chemicals is used to define a structurally diverse class of synthetic and natural compounds that possess the ability to alter various components of the endocrine system and potentially induce adverse health effects in exposed individuals and populations. Research on these compounds has revealed that they use a variety of both nuclear receptor-mediated and non-receptor-mediated mechanisms to modulate different components of the endocrine system. This review will describe in vitro and in vivo studies that highlight the spectrum of unique mechanisms of action and biological effects of four endocrine-disrupting chemicals–diethylstilbestrol, genistein, di(n-butyl)phthalate, and methoxyacetic acid–to illustrate the diverse and complex nature of this class of compounds.
Epigenetics, Evolution, Endocrine Disruption, Health, and Disease
Authors: Crews David , McLachlan John A. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the environment have been linked to human health and disease. This is particularly evident in compounds that mimic the effects of estrogens. Exposure to EDCs early in life can increase risk levels of compromised physical and mental health. Epigenetic mechanisms have been implicated in this process. Transgenerational consequences of EDC exposure is also discussed in both a proximate (mechanism) and ultimate (evolution) context as well as recent work suggesting how such transmission might become incorporated into the genome and subject to selection. We suggest a perspective for exploring and ultimately coming to understand diseases that may have environmental or endocrine origins.
Volumetric and Ultrasonic Studies of Molecular Interactions in Binary Mixtures of Dimethyl Sulfoxide with Some Aromatic Hydrocarbons at Different Temperatures
Authors: Ali Anwar , Nain Anil Kumar , Chand Dinesh , Ahmad Rizwan 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The densities (ρ) and ultrasonic speeds (u) of pure dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), benzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, and mesitylene, and those of their binary mixtures, with DMSO as the common component, over the whole composition range have been measured at 298.15, 303.15, 308.15, 313.15, and 318.15 K. The excess molar volume (VE), deviation in isentropic compressibility (Δks), apparent molar volume (Vφ,2), apparent molar compressibility (Kφ,2), partial molar volume (), and partial molar compressibility () of aromatic hydrocarbons in DMSO at infinite dilution have been calculated from the experimental data. The variation of these parameters with the composition and temperature of the mixtures indicates that the interaction (DMSO–aromatic hydrocarbons) follows the order: benzene &gt; toluene &gt; p-xylene &gt; m-xylene &gt; o-xylene &gt; mesitylene. The effect of the number and position of the methyl groups in these aromatic hydrocarbons on molecular interactions in these mixtures is also discussed. The VE values have also been calculated theoretically by using Flory’s statistical theory and the Prigogine–Flory–Patterson theory. The calculated VE values were found to be in good agreement with the experimental VE values for most of the mixtures.
Rapid Coprecipitation Technique with Hybrid Hydroxide System Using Ytterbium(III), Gallium(III), and Magnesium(II) for Simultaneous Concentration of 13 Elements in Concentrated Salt Solution Prior to Their Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometric Determination
Authors: Kagaya Shigehiro , Sagisaka Tatsuki , Miwa Satoshi , Morioka Kazuya , Hasegawa Kiyoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Beryllium(II), chromium(III), manganese(II), iron(III), cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), arsenic(V), selenium(IV), cadmium(II), antimony(III), and lead(II) ions in concentrated salt solutions, such as seawater or sodium chloride and sulfate solutions, were collected quantitatively by coprecipitation with hydroxides of ytterbium(III), gallium(III), and magnesium(II). In this method, a rapid coprecipitation technique combined with internal standardization was applied to simplify the operation; yttrium was used as an internal standard. The 13 elements collected were readily determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry using internal standardization. The detection limits (3σ, n = 10) were in the range of 0.003 μg (for beryllium(II)) to 0.13 μg (for zinc(II)) in the initial sample solution (up to 150 mL). The proposed method was applied to the analyses of some commercially available salts and an effluent as well as the certified reference materials; the elements ranging from 0.03–0.14 μg g−1 in the salts, 0.004–0.041 mg L−1 in the effluent, or 0.006–0.30 mg L−1 in the certified reference materials could be determined with the relative standard deviation of 7–33, 0.3–3, or 2–17%, respectively. The time required for the preconcentration was approximately 20 min.
N-Arylation of Pyridin-2(1H)-ones with Pentavalent Organobismuth Reagents under Copper-Free Conditions
Authors: Ikegai Kazuhiro , Nagata Yuzo , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
An efficient method for the N-arylation of pyridin-2(1H)-ones and the related heteroaromatic lactams has been established via ligand-coupling reactions using tri- or tetra-aryl organobismuth(V) reagents such as triarylbismuth dichlorides. Also, N-alkenylation of pyridin-2(1H)-one was achieved similarly by using alkenyltriarylbismuth(V) reagents.
Absolute Configuration and Chiroptical Properties of an Enantiopure [5-Chloro-2-(dimethylaminomethyl)phenyl]phenylborane Complex
Authors: Toyota Shinji , Ito Fumiko , Yamamoto Toshiyuki , Akashi Haruo , Iwanaga Tetsuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Enantiomers of the title intramolecular amine–borane complex with a B-pentafluoropropionyloxy ligand were resolved by chiral HPLC. X-ray analysis of the (+)-isomer revealed that the configuration of the chiral boron center was S by the Bijvoet method. Thus, the absolute configuration of this chiral borane compound was established as (S)-(+) or (R)-(−).
Isolation and Reaction of Selenobenzophenones
Authors: Okuma Kentaro , Kojima Kazuki , Kaneko Isao , Ohta Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
4,4′-Dimethoxy- and 4,4′-dimethylselenobenzophenones could be isolated in moderate yields by the reaction of the corresponding ylides with selenium. Their spectral data are described. The oxidaion of these compounds with mCPBA afforded the corresponding benzophenones in good yields. Attempted isolation of unsubstituted selenobenzophenone afforded only its dimer.
Selective Reduction of NO with Propylene on Fe-silicate Catalysts
Authors: Kikuchi Eiichi , Yogo Katsunori , Tanaka Satoru , Abe Masaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
H-form Fe-silicate catalysts showed high activity and stability for the reduction of NO with propylene in the presence of a high concentration of oxygen. The catalytic activity of Fe-silicate was hardly affected by the presence of SO2.
Visible, UV, and VUV Absorption Spectra of C60 Thin Films Grown by the Molecular-Beam Epitaxy (MBE) Technique
Authors: Achiba Yohji , Nakagawa Takashi , Matsui Yoko , Suzuki Shinzo , Shiromaru Haruo , Yamauchi Kotaro , Nishiyama Kozaburo , Kainosho Masatsune , Hoshi Hajime , Maruyama Yusei , Mitani Tadaoki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
On single-crystal alkali halide substrates, the C60 film shows a new band in visible wavelength region. The absorption spectrum of the C60 film has been extended to vacuum UV region, and several new bands and/or humps were found for the first time.
Sensing Behavior of CuO-Loaded SnO2 Element for H2S Detection
Authors: Maekawa Tomoki , Tamaki Jun , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
CuO-loaded SnO2 element was found to show extraordinary sensing properties to H2S in air, with such high sensitivity as ca. 35 000 to 50 ppm H2S at 200 °C and switching-like recovery on turning off H2S. The change of state between CuO and CuS on the surface of SnO2 seems to be responsible for such unique sensing properties.
The Baeyer–Villiger Oxidation of Ketones Catalyzed by Nickel(II) Complexes with Combined Use of Molecular Oxygen and an Aldehyde
Authors: Yamada Tohru , Takahashi Katsuya , Kato Koji , Takai Toshihiro , Inoki Satoshi , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of a nickel(II) complex coordinated with 1,3-diketone, various cyclic or acyclic ketones are converted into the corresponding lactones or esters by the Baeyer–Villiger oxidation on treatment with an atmospheric pressure of molecular oxygen (oxidant) and an aldehyde (reductant) at room temperature.
Photoswitchable Multi-response Sensor of Azobenzene-modified γ-Cyclodextrin for Detecting Organic Compounds
Authors: Fukushima Mitsuru , Osa Tetsuo , Ueno Akihiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Azobenzene-modified γ-cyclodextrin (1) can be used as a multi-response type of host-guest sensory system, which works on the basis of guest-induced circular dichroism variations of trans and cis forms of 1.
The Chiral Catalyst Control. A Significant Role of a Chiral Catalyst in the Diastereoselective Aldol Reaction Using Chiral Aldehydes
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Ohtsubo Akihiro , Mukaiyama Teruaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The stereochemistry in the aldol reaction of a silyl enol ether with chiral aldehydes is almost completely controlled by the chiral catalyst regardless of the inherent diastereofacial preference of the chiral aldehydes.
Response Time Improvement for Liquid Crystal/Polymer Composite Films Using Dual Frequency Addressable Liquid Crystals
Authors: Gotoh Tomohisa , Murai Hideya , Saitoh Goroh 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
We report a significant improvement in decay time for liquid crystal/polymer (LC/P) composite films, using dual frequency addressable liquid crystals. LC/P composite film consists of a mixture of a photoactive monomer, an oligomer and a dual frequency addressable liquid crystal. The decay time for this LC/P composite film applied 50 V of 10 kHz is about 10 times faster than the passive decay time. It is also found that the response times for the LC/P composite films are controlled by superimposing the high frequency bias voltage on the low frequency voltage.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Waste Waters by Natural and Na-Exchanged Bentonites
Authors: Álvarez-Ayuso E. , García-Sánchez A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBatch sorption studies of Cr(III), Ni(II), Zn(II), Cu(II) and Cd(II) were conducted on Ca-bentonite and Na-bentonite to determine their retention capacities for these metal cations commonly present in the waste waters of galvanic industries. The Langmuir model was found to describe the sorption process well, offering maximum sorption capacities of 44.4 mg Cr/g, 6.32 mg Ni/g, 5.75 mg Zn/g, 7.72 mg Cu/g, 7.28 mg Cd/g on Ca-bentonite and 49.8 mg Cr/g, 24.2 mg Ni/g, 23.1 mg Zn/g, 30.0 mg Cu/g, 26.2 mg Cd/g on Na-bentonite. The use of Na-bentonite in the purification of waste waters from Ni, Cr and acid-Zn electroplating processes was an effective treatment in small-scale and in semi-industrial-scale tests. This proves the worth of this method as an alternative to existing methods. In contrast, Nabentonite was not effective in Zn sorption from cyanide-containing waste waters.