bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The electronic structure and magnetism of a rocksalt FeN(001) surface: A density functional study
Authors: Lee J. I. , Bialek B. , Kim I. G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigated the electronic structure and magnetism of the rocksalt FeN(001) surface. We considered both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic configurations. We calculated the electronic structure using the full‐potential linearized augmented plane wave method within generalized gradient approximation. We found that the antiferromagnetic phase is more stable than the ferromagnetic one, as in bulk, with an energy difference of 0.14 eV per the considered slab. The magnetic moments of the Fe atoms in the antiferromagnetic phase slab are 2.90 μB, −2.26 μB and 2.37 μB for the surface, subsurface, and center layers, respectively, while the values for the ferromagnetic one are 2.85 μB, 1.81 μB, and 2.37 μB, respectively. The detailed electronic structures for ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases are compared and discussed with the calculated spin‐densities and density of states. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A theoretical study of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer used as a tunnel barrier in a magnetic tunnel junction
Authors: Noh E. S. , Ulloa S. E. , Lee H. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAn amorphous aluminium oxide layer is assumed to be a condensed gas phase composed of (AlOx)N molecules. The total energy and the electron affinity of (AlOx)N molecules is calculated by using a DFT program. The effective tunnel barrier height in the MTJ is presumed from a difference between the work function of the ferromagnetic metal and the electron affinity of (AlOx)N molecules. By using a quantum‐mechanical free electron model the TMR and the R×A product are calculated as a function of the thickness of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer in the F/I/F tunnel junction. It is inferred that the tunnel barrier width determined by subtracting 6 Å from the thickness of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer is more suitable to explain an experimental report qualitatively than the tunnel barrier width equivalent to the thickness of an amorphous aluminium oxide layer. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magnetic inhomogeneities in crystalline bulk and nanometer sized La0.7Ca0.3MnO3: ESR probing
Authors: Rozenberg E. , Shames A. I. , Jung G. , Mukovskii Ya. M. , Sominski E. , Gedanken A. , Lee Cheol Eui 
Published: December 2007

AbstractElectron spin resonance was studied on three (two bulk and one nanometer sized) samples of the same La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 manganite compound aiming to compare their magnetic homogeneities. The results obtained show that both ceramic and single crystalline bulk samples are less homogeneous than nano‐crystalline one. Except for higher homogeneity, the nano sample demonstrates also a weaker magnetic anisotropy. As a result, well pronounced coexistence of different magnetic phases (coexistence of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic resonance signals) is observed in bulk samples, while it is absent in nano. It is suggested that such strong difference is directly connected to the difference in structural state of the samples. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural and magnetic properties of electron‐doped manganites La0.85Te0.15Mn1–xCuxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20)
Authors: Yang J. , Li Y. , Lee Y. P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe effects of Cu doping at the Mn site on the structural and the magnetic properties of electron‐doped manganites La0.85Te0.15Mn1–xCuxO3 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) have been studied. The structural parameters were obtained by fitting the XRD data with space group $ R \bar 3 c $ by the Rietveld method. Upon cooling, all the samples undergo the paramagnetic‐ferromagnetic phase transition. The magnetization measurements under an applied field of 0.1 and 4.5 T show that the Curie temperature TC decreases with increasing the Cu‐doping level, whereas the magnitude of magnetization at low temperatures increases as the Cu content increases from x = 0 to 0.10 but decreases when x > 0.10. We consider that these interesting phenomena are intrinsic. The results can be understood by the opening of new double‐exchange channel between Mn3+‐O‐Mn4+ due to the introduction of Mn4+ ion caused by the substitution of Cu2+ for Mn3+. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A Gate‐Current Model for Advanced MOSFET Technologies Implemented into HiSIM2
Authors: Inagaki Ryosuke , Sadachika Norio , Navarro Dondee , Miura‐Mattausch Mitiko , Inoue Yasuaki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA gate leakage current model for advanced MOSFETs has been developed and implemented into the Hiroshima‐university STARC IGFET Model (HiSIM), the first complete surface‐potential‐based model. The model consists of four tunneling mechanisms, the gate to channel/bulk/source/drain, and requires totally 15 model parameters covering all bias conditions. Simulation results reproduce measurement for any device size and temperature without binning. Validity of the model has been tested with circuits that are sensitive to the change of stored charge due to tunneling current. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Investigation of Electrical Resistivity Changes of Human Blood during Dynamic Exercise
Authors: Yamagata Tomohisa , Fujisaki Hirohisa 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to clarify the main cause of blood resistivity changes during exercise. Hematocrit and blood resistivity were measured during dynamic bicycle exercise, and plasma resistivity was estimated from those measurements. Further, this paper presents an investigation on the effects of hematocrit and plasma on the blood resistivity changes: The mixture function, which is a mixture factor of red blood cells was not correlated with the blood resistivity, but the plasma resistivity was correlated significantly with the blood resistivity. This shows that the plasma resistivity changes strongly and influences the behavior of blood resistivity changes. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Applications of Sinusoidal Neural Network and Momentum Genetic Algorithm to Two‐wheel Vehicle Regulating Problem
Authors: Chau Sam Duong , Kinjo Hiroshi , Uezato Eiho , Yamamoto Tetsuhiko 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to enhance the performance of neural network (NN), we propose a sinusoidal activation function for NN and apply a fast genetic algorithm (GA) with uses of momentum offspring (MOS) and constant‐range mutation (CRM) for training the NN. The proposed methods are aimed at designing a neurocontroller (NC) for regulating a two‐wheel vehicle system, known as nonholonomic system, in the viewpoint that it is necessary to improve the control process of the system even though several control methods, including applications of NN and GAs, have been developed.The learning performances of NCs are evaluated through the successful evolutionary rates of the control process based on the values of the squared errors. In order to compare the conventional methods with our proposed approaches and verify the effects of momentum GA on NC training, various numerical simulations will be carried out with different numbers of generations in GAs and different activation functions of NCs. Finally, the controllability of NC is investigated with certain sets of initial states. The simulations show that sinusoidal NC trained by momentum GA has a good performance regardless of the small values of population size and generations in GA. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Evaluation of Humidity Correction Factor of Disruptive Discharge Voltage of Standard Sphere Air Gaps
Authors: Fujii Osamu , Hayakawa Student Takahiro , Mizuno Yukio , Naito Katsuhiko 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe humidity correction method prescribed in the existing IEC standard is based on experimental data obtained under absolute humidity between 5 and 12 g/m3. A discussion on the humidity correction method is needed for higher absolute humidity regions, which is experienced during summer in Japan, and also throughout the year in tropical countries. The effect of absolute humidity on disruptive discharge voltages of standard sphere air gaps has been studied experimentally for several years under conditions of natural humidity, between 2 and 22 g/m3. In the cases of a.c. and lightning impulse voltage application, it was found that the existing IEC humidity correction method seems to be proper for most of the gap spacings studied under absolute humidity up to 22 g/m3. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A Low‐Loss Medium‐Voltage Inverter Applying Series Connected General Purpose 1.2 kV Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors with Accurate Voltage Balancing Techniques
Authors: Abe Yasushi , Matsubara Kunio , Sasagawa Kiyoaki , Matsuse Kouki 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a medium‐voltage inverter applying series connected general‐purpose 1.2 kV insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) as a switching device to achieve low switching losses compared to inverters applying high‐voltage IGBTs with over 3 kV rating. Gate signal synchronization, which is essential to keep the balance of collector‐emitter voltages across the IGBTs, is achieved by magnetically coupling all gate lines using a simple two‐windings transformer. In order to obtain better voltage balancing, influence of stray capacitance distribution associated with an insulating substrate in a two‐in‐one IGBT module on the voltage sharing is investigated, and an optimized layout of heat sinks for the IGBT modules is proposed. To validate some performances concerning the device losses and the voltage sharing, a 170 kVA inverter based on three 1.2 kV IGBTs connected in series is built and evaluated. The experimental results are shown. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A novel stepwise analysis procedure of genome‐wide expression profiles identifies transcript signatures of thiamine genes as classifiers of mitochondrial mutants
Authors: Eijssen L. M. T. , Lindsey P. J. , Peeters R. , Westra R. L. , van Eijsden R. G. E. , Bolotin‐Fukuhara M. , Smeets H. J. M. , Vlietinck R. F. M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo extract functional information on genes and processes from large expression datasets, analysis methods are required that can computationally deal with these amounts of data, are tunable to specific research questions, and construct classifiers that are not overspecific to the dataset at hand. To satisfy these requirements, a stepwise procedure that combines elements from principal component analysis and discriminant analysis, was developed to specifically retrieve genes involved in processes of interest and classify samples based upon those genes. In a global expression dataset of 300 gene knock‐outs in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the procedure successfully classified samples with similar ‘cellular component’ Gene Ontology annotations of the knock‐out gene by expression signatures of limited numbers of genes. The genes discriminating ‘mitochondrion’ from the other subgroups were evaluated in more detail. The thiamine pathway turned out to be one of the processes involved and was successfully evaluated in a logistic model to predict whether yeast knock‐outs were mitochondrial or not. Further, this pathway is biologically related to the mitochondrial system. Hence, this strongly indicates that our approach is effective and efficient in extracting meaningful information from large microarray experiments and assigning functions to yet uncharacterized genes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of the Frying Stability of Standard Palm Olein and Special Quality Palm Olein
Authors: Ahmad Tarmizi Azmil Haizam , Ismail Razali 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe main goal of this work was to investigate the stability of standard palm olein (SPOo) and special quality palm olein (SQPOo) under continuous frying conditions. The rate of free fatty acid (FFA) formation was slightly higher for SPOo than SQPOo during 56 h of frying. An equilibrium state was reached at around 40 h for SPOo and 32 h for SQPOo, whereby FFA varied within a narrow range of 0.30–0.32 and 0.22–0.25%, respectively. Smoke point of SPOo and SQPOo progressively dropped from 212 to 184 °C and from 227 to 191 °C. Tocols of SPOo and SQPOo declined from 550 to 273 mg kg−1 and from 720 to 447 mg kg−1 after 56 h of frying, respectively. Oxidative stability of both oils decreased after the successive frying. Induction time of SPOo dropped from 22.3 to 14.9 h while SQPOo decreased from 25.5 to 18.3 h. Polar and polymer compounds increased as frying progressed. The SPOo had higher levels of polar compounds, averaging 11.8%, compared to the 10.2% in SQPOo. However, SPOo had lower levels of polymer compounds compared to SQPOo, averaging 2.1 and 2.5%, respectively. Hence, this work confirms that frying performance using SPOo was comparable to SQPOo for use in industrial production of snack foods (potato chips).
Précis ofEvolution in Four Dimensions
Authors: Jablonka Eva , Lamb Marion J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn his theory of evolution, Darwin recognized that the conditions of life play a role in the generation of hereditary variations, as well as in their selection. However, as evolutionary theory was developed further, heredity became identified with genetics, and variation was seen in terms of combinations of randomly generated gene mutations. We argue that this view is now changing, because it is clear that a notion of hereditary variation that is based solely on randomly varying genes that are unaffected by developmental conditions is an inadequate basis for evolutionary theories. Such a view not only fails to provide satisfying explanations of many evolutionary phenomena, it also makes assumptions that are not consistent with the data that are emerging from disciplines ranging from molecular biology to cultural studies. These data show that the genome is far more responsive to the environment than previously thought, and that not all transmissible variation is underlain by genetic differences. InEvolution in Four Dimensions(2005) we identify four types of inheritance (genetic, epigenetic, behavioral, and symbol-based), each of which can provide variations on which natural selection will act. Some of these variations arise in response to developmental conditions, so there are Lamarckian aspects to evolution. We argue that a better insight into evolutionary processes will result from recognizing that transmitted variations that are not based on DNA differences have played a role. This is particularly true for understanding the evolution of human behavior, where all four dimensions of heredity have been important.
Only three dimensions and the mother of invention
Authors: Foss Jeff 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlthough the first three dimensions of evolution outlined by Jablonka & Lamb (J&L) are persuasively presented as aspects of evolutionary science, the fourth dimension, symbolic evolution, is problematic: Though it may in some metaphorical sense be happening, there cannot be a science of symbolic evolution. Symbolic evolution essentially involves meaning, which, besides being nonphysical, resolutely resists scientific categorization.
Extended evolutionary theory makes human culture more amenable to evolutionary analysis
Authors: Mesoudi Alex 
Published: December 2007

AbstractJablonka & Lamb's (J&L's) extended evolutionary theory is more amenable to being applied to human cultural change than standard neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory. However, the authors are too quick to dismiss past evolutionary approaches to human culture. They also overlook a potential parallel between evolved genetic mechanisms that enhance evolvability and learned cognitive mechanisms that enhance learnability.
Animal innovation and rationality: Distinguishing productivity from efficiency
Authors: Khalil Elias L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFor the authors of the target article, innovations are underdetermined by environmental inducement – but are still adopted in the future. For a productive technology to be adopted, the technology must also be efficient. To be efficient, it must be determined by constraints or environmental inducements. However, this contradicts the authors' notion of “underdetermination.” To make matters clear, we need to distinguish between two kinds of determination: the “source” of the innovation as opposed to “inducement” that makes the organism adopt it in the future.
Is all learning innovation?
Authors: Rendell Luke , Hoppitt William , Kendal Jeremy 
Published: December 2007

AbstractResearch on animal innovation is an underdeveloped field, and for this reason we welcome the efforts Ramsey and colleagues have made to stimulate its study in wild populations. However, we feel that in attempting to find an operational definition the authors have overstretched the idea of what we should consider innovation in some areas and over-restricted it in others.
The animal variations: When mechanisms matter in accounting for function
Authors: Viciana Hugo , Claidiere Nicolas 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe contend that Ramsey et al.'s definition of animal innovationsensuprocess may be partially misleading when investigating mechanisms underlying animal innovation. By excluding social learning from the “process” of innovation, they may be reproducing a dichotomous schema that does not accurately correspond to our knowledge of the acquisition of novel behavioral variants. This gives us some reason to doubt the functional specification of the defined process of innovation.
Observation and Analysis of RW Doradus
Authors: Marino B. F. , Walker W. S. G. , Bembrick C. , Budding E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPhotometry of the short-period (P ∼0.285 d) low-mass (M1 ∼0.67, M2 ∼0.48 M⊙) W UMa-type eclipsing binary RW Dor, mainly involving a good series of observations in 1987–88, using standard B and V filters at the Auckland Observatory, is examined. Analysis via light curve fittings alone permits both transit (near main sequence) and occultation (W-type contact binary) solutions. Consideration of proximity or other effects on the relatively small number of measured radial velocities gives rise to a more detailed review of the alternatives, though the (W-type) configuration determined by Hilditch, Hill & Bell (1992) is still confirmed. Further implications of this configuration are examined, given an apparent general trend to period decrease (Δ P/P ∼6 × 10−11), and some light curve asymmetry. This is consistent with the initially low-mass companion, Case-B scenario of Budding (1984). The evidence does suggest irregularity of the period variation however, and further detailed surveillance, including more spectroscopy, is desirable.
Science with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder
Authors: Johnston S. , Bailes M. , Bartel N. , Baugh C. , Bietenholz M. , Blake C. , Braun R. , Brown J. , Chatterjee S. , Darling J. , Deller A. , Dodson R. , Edwards P. G. , Ekers R. , Ellingsen S. , Feain I. , Gaensler B. M. , Haverkorn M. , Hobbs G. , Hopkins A. , Jackson C. , James C. , Joncas G. , Kaspi V. , Kilborn V. , Koribalski B. , Kothes R. , Landecker T. L. , Lenc E. , Lovell J. , Macquart J.-P. , Manchester R. , Matthews D. , McClure-Griffiths N. M. , Norris R. , Pen U.-L. , Phillips C. , Power C. , Protheroe R. , Sadler E. , Schmidt B. , Stairs I. , Staveley-Smith L. , Stil J. , Taylor R. , Tingay S. , Tzioumis A. , Walker M. , Wall J. , Wolleben M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe future of centimetre and metre-wave astronomy lies with the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), a telescope under development by a consortium of 17 countries that will be 50 times more sensitive than any existing radio facility. Most of the key science for the SKA will be addressed through large-area imaging of the Universe at frequencies from a few hundred MHz to a few GHz. The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is a technology demonstrator aimed in the mid-frequency range, and achieves instantaneous wide-area imaging through the development and deployment of phased-array feed systems on parabolic reflectors. The large field-of-view makes ASKAP an unprecedented synoptic telescope that will make substantial advances in SKA key science. ASKAP will be located at the Murchison Radio Observatory in inland Western Australia, one of the most radio-quiet locations on the Earth and one of two sites selected by the international community as a potential location for the SKA. In this paper, we outline an ambitious science program for ASKAP, examining key science such as understanding the evolution, formation and population of galaxies including our own, understanding the magnetic Universe, revealing the transient radio sky and searching for gravitational waves.
A Periodic-Transient Method for High-Resolution Heat Transfer Measurement on Two-Dimensional Curved Surfaces
Authors: Röger M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMeasurement of heat transfer distribution is frequently required in engineering. However, some heat transfer techniques are not able to measure accurately on two-dimensional curved surfaces. In this field, periodic-transient measurement methods are advantageous. This paper describes the development of a periodic-transient technique for high-resolution heat transfer measurement and its application to multiple air-jet cooling of a concave solar receiver window. In contrast to other measurement techniques, the periodic-transient technique requires neither homogenous heating nor quantitative measurement of surface or fluid temperatures. The heat transfer coefficient is determined by periodically heating the substrate and evaluating the phase shift between the heat flux penetrating the substrate and the resulting temperature response. Equations for a hollow-sphere and flat-plate substrates are derived. The curved window surface is periodically heated by a simple device with standard light bulbs. A procedure for taking the transient heating characteristic into consideration is described. The distribution of surface temperature fluctuation is measured nonintrusively by thermography. For the sample application of air-jet cooling, a detailed uncertainty estimation is presented. The relative measurement uncertainty of the local, convective heat transfer coefficient ranges from −2.4% to +14.1% for h=10W∕(m2K) and from −2.3% to +9.7% for h=200W∕(m2K). The uncertainty of the spatially averaged heat transfer coefficient lies between +2.0% and +9.8% for hm=10W∕(m2K) and between +0.7% and +6.7% for hm=200W∕(m2K). The periodic-transient method described complements established techniques for high-resolution heat transfer measurements on two-dimensional curved surfaces.