bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE PUBLICATION DATES OF THE BULLETIN DE LA SOCIÉTÉ BOTANIQUE DE FRANCE (VOLS. 41–61, 1894–1914)
Authors: Leussink Jan A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFor each of Vols. 41–61 of the Bulletin de la Sociéte botanique de France the publication dates of the instalments, as well as some other bibliographical particulars, are assembled in a table. For most instalments an editorial note with information about the precise or approximate publication date was available. In several cases more precise publication dates were obtained through reconstruction on the basis of internal and/or external evidence from several sources.As was shown earlier for Vols. 1–40, in Vols. 41–61 too the year of publication on the title page of the volumes is unreliable. For each volume some instalments were published in the next year only, or even still later. During a calendar‐year temporal overlap of successive volumes often occurred. The usual sequence of binding of the instalments of a volume differs from their original sequence of publication.The Mémoires de la Société botanique de France, which sometimes are considered to constitute an independent serial, actually are an integral part of the Bulletin. In this paper the Mémoires published with Vols. 52–61 are treated in the same manner as the other instalments of those volumes. A survey of Mémoires 1–26, with pagination and publication dates, is added.
RE‐ASSESSMENT OF CRATAEGUS FLAVA AITON AND ITS NOMENCLATURAL IMPLICATIONS FOR THE CRATAEGUS SERIAL NAME FLAVAE (LOUD.) REHD. AND ITS SECTIONAL EQUIVALENT
Authors: Phipps J. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryResearch at Kew and the British Museum has turned up the type and other authentic material of Crataegus flava Aiton. The discovery that this is a quite different species from that commonly called C. flava in the North American literature, indeed that it cannot belong to the same series, necessitates a new name for series Flavae, auctt. Amm. This new serial name is Lacrimatae Phipps based on C. lacrimata Small. Whether C. flava Aiton should be reassigned to the series Pulcherrimae (Beadle ex Sarg.) Robertson or to Intricatae (Sarg. ex Sarg.) Rehd. awaits the revision of these series.
BIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE CUBAN BRYOPHYTE FLORA
Authors: Pôcs Tamás 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA distribution pattern analysis of 377 Cuban liverworts and 386 mosses shows a relatively high rate of endemism (11.4% and 12.2%, respectively), which is comparable to the rate of endemism in Cuban ferns but much lower than phanerogamic endemism (51.4%). In the Cuban bryoflora neotropical and Caribbean elements as well as Antillean subendemics prevail. The species/genus ratio (4:1 for the liverworts and 2:7 for the mosses), and the relatively high insularity index (3:1 for liverworts and 5:0 for mosses) are indicative of long‐term isolation of the Cuban bryophyte flora and the large size of the island.
DATABASE DESIGN FOR MONOGRAPHS AND FLORAS
Authors: Pankhurst R. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe extent to which it is possible to apply the use of databases to a flora project at the present time is illustrated by means of an example of the genus Rubus (Rosaceae) for Flora Mesoamericana. Databases are included for the nomenclature, bibliography, herbarium label data and the morphological descriptions. These data are used and analysed in a great many different ways, all of which are immediately practical on a desktop microcomputer.
ON THE ORGANISATION AND FINANCIAL ARRANGEMENTS OF ORGANISATIONS RESPONSIBLE FOR BOTANICAL AND ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE
Authors: Ride W. D. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA review is provided of the nature and support of the international structures responsible for botanical and zoological nomenclature. In the case of botany these are the Nomenclature Section of the International Botanical Congress, the Division of Botany of the International Union of Biological Sciences (IUBS), the Permanent Committee for Botanical Nomenclature, the Commission on the Nomenclature of Plants, and the International Association of Plant Taxonomy (IAPT). In the case of zoology there are the Division of Zoology of IUBS, the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature, and the International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature. A comparison is made to draw out the essential differences between the structures.
NOMENCLATURAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THREE SPECIES OF COLPOMENIA (SCYTOSIPHONALES, PHAEOPHYTA)
Authors: Vandermeulen H. , DeWreede R. E. , Cole K. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryVariable thallus form and anatomy within three species of the genus Colpomenia (Endlicher) Derbès et Solier has generated some confusion as to their true identity. Herbarium specimens representing the original species concepts of Colpomenia sinuosa (F. C. Mertens ex Roth) Derbès et Solier, C. bullosa (Saunders) Yamada and C. peregrina (Sauvageau) Hamel were examined in detail according to soral shape, form of plurilocular reproductive tissue and presence or absence of a cuticle covering reproductive tissue. Colpomenia sinuosa is the only one of the three species with a cuticle. Colpomenia bullosa has a diffuse soral pattern and very distinctive plurilocular cells. Colpomenia peregrina has a diffuse soral pattern but its reproductive tissue differs from C. bullosa. Although some intermediate morphs may exist between these three taxa, we conclude that three separate species should be recognized.
CORRECTED ATTRIBUTION AND TYPIFICATION OF CORNICULARIELLA (SPHAERONAEMA) SPINA (COELOMYCETES)
Authors: Illman W. I. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySphaeria spina Schweinitz was cited by Berkeley as basionym for the new combination Sphaeronaema spina (‘Sphaeronema spina’) Berk, and Ravenel. This and subsequent transfers to other genera of coelomycetes ought to recognize this basionym for which an extant neotype is designated. Sphaeronaema spiniforme (‘Sphaeronema spinaeforme’) Berk, and Curtis is available for the microconidial anamorph of undetermined relationship. Interpretation of Sphaeria spina as a pyrenomycete is based upon a misunderstanding of its true nature. ‘Sphaeronema’ (spherical thread), a meaningless and misleading perversion of the original Sphaeronaema Fr.: Fr. (referring to the globoid gelatinous flux of extruded conidia), cannot be followed, Art. 75.
NOMENCLATURE OF THE TRIBE ULMARIEAE, INCLUDING FILIPENDULEAE (ROSACEAE)
Authors: Panigrahi G. , Purohit K. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryFilipendula Miller is the correct name when Filipendula Mill. (1754) and Ulmaria Mill. (1754) are treated as congeneric. But Filipenduleae Schulze‐Menz (1964), at the tribal rank, must be reduced as a taxonomic synonym of the tribe Ulmarieae Vent. (1799), for which the tribe Ulmarieae Focke (1888) is an isonym.
NOTES ON LECTOTYPIFICATION OF HYMENACHNE P. BEAUV. (POACEAE)
Authors: Panigrahi G. , Dubey A. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCitation of Agrostis myuros Lam. as the type species of Hymenachne P. Beauv. by Farr et al. (1979) is established as an error. Similarly, selection of A. myuros Lam. [Hymenachne myuros (Lam.) Nees] as the lectotype species of Hymenachne P. Beauv. by Pfeiffer (1874) is in conflict with the protologue and has, in consequence, to be superseded by the selection of Agrostis monostachya Poir. [H. amplexicaulis (Rudge) Chase, Panicum amplexicaule Rudge] as the lectotype species of the genus, by Chase (1908) (Art. 8.1).
APOLOGIA MEA PROPTER NOMINA SPURIA NON RITE FACTA SECUNDUM NOTULAS QUAE IN LEGIBUS SYDNEIIS (ANNO 1983) INVENIENDAE SUNT
Authors: Radcliffe‐Smith A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe paper on two new Euphorbia hybrids which appeared in Kew Bulletin 40(2): 445 (1985) under my authorship recently appears to contain 2 names incorrectly formed according to the Sydney Code (1983), as has been pointed out by P. F. Yeo in a paper recently submitted to this prestigious nomenclatural journal. With my apologies for this lamentable lapsus cerebri come the needed rectifications. Furthermore, a number of extra terms governing hybrid‐designation are used herein. Their use is self‐explanatory.
TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON THE SPERMACOCE HISPIDA‐ARTICULARIS COMPLEX AND S. STRICTA‐PUSILLA COMPLEX (RUBIACEAE)
Authors: Sivarajan V. V. , Nair R. Vasudevan 
Published: April 2006

SummarySpermacoce hispida L. and S. articularis L. f., traditionally treated as conspecific are segregated and S. articularis reinstated. The circumscription of S. stricta L. f. and S. pusilla Wall., is elucidated and the taxon hitherto erroneously described under S. stricta is given a new name, S. ramanii.
AN ALGORITHM FOR IMPROVING THE REPRESENTATION BY ORDINATION OF RESEMBLANCE DISTANCES
Authors: Newman K. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhen ordination methods are used to reduce dimensionality, distortion usually occurs in the representation of resemblance distances. The seriousness of this distortion might not be revealed by examination of a matrix correlation co‐efficient. A method is described and illustrated for reducing distortion and improving the representation by an ordination of resemblance distances.
SYRRHOPODON BURMENSIS, THE CORRECT NAME FOR SYRRHOPODON ROBUSTIUSCULUS (MUSCI: CALYMPERACEAE)
Authors: Reese William D. , Tan Benito C. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySyrrhopodon burmensis (Hampe) Reese & Tan is a new combination, based on Calymperes burmense Hampe, for S. robustiusculus (Broth.) Reese & Tan. New synonyms for this species include C. calcuttense Bartr. & Gangulee, C. saigonense Par. & Broth., and C. svihlae Bartr. This moss is endemic to southern and southeastern Asia.
NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN TWO INDIAN ORCHIDS
Authors: Kumar C. Sathish , Manilal K. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA new name, Habenaria indica Sathish Kumar et Manilal, and a new combination, Eria chandrasekharanii (Bhargavan & Mohanan) Sathish Kumar et Manila!, are proposed for two Indian orchids.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF THE TYPE OF MAURANDYA (SCROPHULARIACEAE — ANTIRRHINEAE)
Authors: Elisens Wayne J. , Regueiro Antonio M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA lectotype is selected for Usteria scandens Cav. The type is conserved in the Herbario del Real Jardín Botánico de Madrid (MA) and represents material on which the name was based.
THE ASCRIPTIONS OF PLUMIER'S FERN PLATES
Authors: Lellinger David B. , Proctor George R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryRecent research by the authors on West Indian pteridophytes has made it possible to identify for the first time or to correct prior misidentifications of many illustrations of ferns and a few fern‐allies from Hispaniola and Martinique which were published by Plumier in his “Traité des Fougères de l'Amérique.” Many of these plates serve as types for species published by Linnaeus and other early authors, and so their identity is of considerable nomenclatural importance.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OFBRASSICA RAPAL.,B. CAMPESTRISL. AND NEOTYPIFICATION OFB. CHINENSISL. (CRUCIFERAE)
Authors: Oost E. H. , Brandenburg W. A. , Reuling G. T. M. , Jarvis C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAs part of a taxonomic study of cultivatedBrassica, B. rapaL. is lectotypified by a Matthiolus illustration, the lectotype ofB. campestrisL., chosen by Jonsell, is restricted to a single specimen in LINN and a neotype is designated forB. chinensisL. from the Bailey Herbarium.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF THE BEECH BARK FUNGUS: A SOLUTION TO THE COMPLEX CASE OF ASCODICHAENA, DICHAENA AND POLYMORPHUM
Authors: Hawksworth David L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe nomenclature of the common north‐temperate beech bark fungus, which also occurs on oak twigs, is reviewed. It has a pleomorphic life cycle and changes in the Code effected at the Sydney Congress in Arts. 10, 13 and 59 affect its nomenclature. It is concluded that the correct generic name for the teleomorph is Ascodichaena Butin, and that for the anamorph is Polymorphum Chev. (syn. Dichaena Fr.). The correct species name for the teleomorph is Ascodichaena rugosa Butin (syn. Lichen rugosus L.), while the name Polymorphum quercinum (Pers.) Chev. is to be applied to the anamorph. All generic and specific epithets are reviewed and revised synonymies presented. In the course of this study it was discovered that the name Opegrapha vulgata (Ach.) Ach. was illegitimate and must be referred to A. rugosa; the correct name for this common lichen was not investigated. The name Dichaenopsis notarisii Paoli was based on stremata of A. rugosa invaded by the Stagonospora‐like anamorph of Keissleriella bavarica Butin.
THE DEMOULIN RULE AND NEWLY MANDATED COMBINATIONS IN ERIOGONUM (POLYGONACEAE)
Authors: Reveal James L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe amended Art. 19 Prop. C, passed at the Nomenclature Section ofthe XIII International Botanical Congress in Sydney, mandating that an autonym will automatically acquire priority over the name of an equivalent rank which established it (herein called the Demoulin Rule) has unforeseen ramifications on nomenclatural stability and radically alters past understandings of priority. Hundreds if not thousands of new combinations will have to be proposed since most workers using the modern codes heretofore have not considered autonyms to have priority. Application of the new Article 19 to the genus Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) is presented.
DOCUMENTATION OF TWO RECENT NEW GENERIC NAMES IN THE RUBIACEAE
Authors: Kirkbride Joseph H. , Robbrecht Elmar 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA survey of the repercussion of the publication of Index Nominum Genericorum on the nomenclature of the Rubiaceae is given. Coccochondra Rauschert and Pleiocoryne Rauschen are accepted as the valid names for Chondrococcus Steyermark and Polycoryne Keay. Polysolen Rauschert is a superfluous name.
DIDEA‐FR, A COMPUTER PROGRAM SYSTEM IN DIALOGUE MODE FOR BOTANICAL GARDENS
Authors: Vogellehner Dieter , Speck Thomas 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA software package called DIDEA‐FR was written using dBase III/dBase III Plus. DIDEA‐FR includes 36 interconnected program files and is subdivided into two ranges (subdirectories), one for the management of plant data (including seedlists) comprising 11 subranges, the other for the management of address data comprising five subranges. All subranges (input, search for and change of data, print out of various list types, of the seedlist (Index Seminum) and of seed and address labels) work in dialogue mode and automatically. DIDEA‐FR can be managed by a trained part time user.
DETERMINATIONS OF RHAMNACEAE OF THE TORNER COLLECTION OF SESSÉ AND MOCIÑO BIOLOGICAL ILLUSTRATIONS
Authors: Johnston Marshall C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTen drawings from the collection were studied. Nine evidently pertain to the Rhamnaceae, and one to the Celtidaceae. All are assigned confidently to genus, and six to species, but four remain doubtful as to species. No nomenclatural novelty is required.
LECTOTYPIFICATION OF PALICOUREA GALEOTTIANA M. MARTENS (RUBIACEAE) AND A NEW NAME FOR THIS COMMON SPECIES
Authors: Taylor Charlotte M. , Lorence David 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe name Palicourea galeottiana M. Martens is generally applied to the common yellow‐flowered Central American species of Palicourea, but this usage is incorrect. Palicourea galeottiana is typified by two discordant elements, neither of which represents this yellow‐flowered species. Based on Martens's original description, Galeotti 2602 is designated the lectotype of this name. Based on this choice, the new combination Psychotria galeottiana replaces the later synonym Psychotria persearum Standley & Steyermark; the correct name for the common yellow‐flowered species is Palicourea padifolia (Roemer & Schultes) comb. nov.
SYSTEMATICS OF BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMATICS (OR, TAXONOMY OF TAXONOMY)
Authors: Small Ernest 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTaxonomy and systematics, which clarify organization among organisms by analysis of relationships, classification, and naming, ironically themselves require clarification of these parameters. The following are concerns: circumscription of research area; relationship with other biological sciences—whether overlapping or not, and whether hierarchical or not; subdisciplinary classification; and nomenclatural analysis of the disciplinary titles: taxonomy, systematics, biosystematics, experimental taxonomy, genecology, and population genetics. Taxonomy and systematics, and their internal subdivisions, may be conceived variously in their relationships to each other and to other sciences. All such systematizations suffer from the same problem as does biological classification: complex, overlapping, and indeed evolving relationships are distorted for the purpose of simplification. Systematic disciplinary titles are problematical, including G. G. Simpson's widely employed definitions of systematics and taxonomy. Systematics and taxonomy have been interpreted as equivalent, mutually exclusive, containing each other (most desirably with taxonomy as a subfield of systematics concerned with formal classification), and overlapping. There should be encouragement for the trend of using biosystematics as a synonym of biological systematics, rather than in any of the numerous ways the word has been employed.
Lectotypification of Festuca capillifolia Dufour (Poaceae)
Authors: Gutiérrez Villarías María Isabel 
Published: April 2006

SummaryGutiérrez Villarías, M. I.: Lectotypification of Festuca capillifolia Dufour (Poaceae). ‐Taxon 41: 332–333. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Festuca capillifolia Dufour and F. scaberrima Lange have been considered as synonyms. Original material in Dufour's herbarium was found to be mixed and a lectotype is designated, confirming usage.
An emended description, chromosome counts, and a key to South American Galinsoga (Asteraceae, Heliantheae)
Authors: Canne‐Hilliker Judith M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCanne‐Hilliker, J. M: An emended description, chromosome counts, and a key to South American Galinsoga (Asteraceae, Heliantheae). ‐ Taxon 41: 661‐666. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.An emended description of Galinsoga boliviensis is provided based on data from recent collections from the vicinity of Sucre, Bolivia. The species is one of two in the genus known to be hexaploid (n = 24). The chromosome number of G. mandonii is reported as n = 16. An updated key to South American species of Galinsoga is given.
Report of the Special Committee 3 on Lectotypification
Authors: Isoviita P. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIsoviita, P.: Report of the Special Committee 3 on Lectotypification. ‐ Taxon 41: 725‐727. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.A general discussion is given of the background and work of the three Subcommittees comprising this Committee: 3A Lectotypification, 3B Retroactivity of Lectotypification and Illegitimacy, and 3C Lectotypification of Linnaean Generic Names.
Art. 7.15 and the lectotypification of Linnaean names ‐ a reply to Heath
Authors: Jarvis C. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryJarvis, C. E.: Art. 7.15 and the lectotypification of Linnaean names ‐ a reply to Heath. ‐ Taxon 41: 63–64. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Some species names would be nomina nuda if there was not a reference to an earlier publication with a validating description. These, under Art. 7.15, must be typified by an element from the context of the referenced description. Most Linnaean species names, specifically the ones cited by Heath, are validated by simultaneously published description/diagnoses. These are to be typified from original material used by Linnaeus, even if the description/diagnosis was copied from earlier literature.
The identity of Riddelia Raf. and remarks on Corchorus L. (Tiliaceae)
Authors: Dorr Laurence J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryDorr, L. J.: The identity of Riddelia Raf. and remarks on Corchorus L. (Tiliaceae). ‐ Taxon 41: 80–83. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Riddelia Raf., long considered to be a taxonomic synonym of Melochia L. (Sterculiaceae), is a synonym of Corchorus L. (Tiliaceae). Its type, R. antiphyla Raf., is conspecific with Corchorus hirtus L.
Article 59: reinterpretation or revision?
Authors: Reynolds Don R. , Taylor John W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryReynolds, D. R. & Taylor, J. W.: Article 59: reinterpretation or revision? ‐ Taxon 41: 91–98. 1992. ‐ ISSN 0040‐0262.Nomenclatural priority in pleomorphic fungi is regulated by Article 59 of the Code. We show that Article 59 can be interpreted in more than one way. By the broad interpretation in current use, the potential for pleomorphy is assumed of all fungi and the Article is applied to all fungi. Fungi without a demonstrated sexual state are classified in the form taxon, Deuteromycotina, until a sexual state is found. With an alternative and strict interpretation, however, Article 59 would apply only to fungal species that have been actually demonstrated to be pleomorphic. Under the latter interpretation, sexual, asexual, and pleomorphic fungi would be classified together and form taxa would not be necessary.
Classification of evolutionary groups: the Uniter program's approach to greater resolving power
Authors: Hall A. V. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHall, A. V.: Classification of evolutionary groups: the Uniter program's approach to greater resolving power. – Taxon 42: 609–625. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.Severe criticisms are made of the present state of computer‐assisted classification methods. The literature gives little clarity on which of many available computer methods is best, and serious problems have come to light in cladistics. Classifiers used to expect a high standard of help from computers but actual results now engender a growing crisis of confidence. Since well‐made groups are crucial in all fields of study, ways of improving the resolving power of grouping methods are discussed. Evolutionary groups are often riddled with inconsistencies, making them polythetic. The Uniter computer program, just released, provides for this by clustering using homogeneity, which allows dilation due to contexts of external allies. Uniter puts the clusters it reveals into sequences, and evaluates the quality of each cluster, giving a guide to placing the boundaries of formal taxa. The program's interactive treatments for a variety of situations are outlined, including a new method for de‐weighting coarsely coded properties with few states. It is concluded that these treatments are essential for high resolving power and programs that lack them should not be used for classifying evolutionary groups.
An Internet botanical specimen data server
Authors: Beach James H. , Ozminski Stephan J. , Boufford David E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryBeach, J. H., Ozminski, S. J. & Boufford, D. E.: An Internet botanical specimen data server. – Taxon 42: 627–629. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The E‐mail data server is a database system that delivers specimen data over the Internet within electronic mail. Using electronic mail as a vehicle for delivering queries and for returning data permits unlimited access to remote databases for any scientist with network mail service. This “open‐access” approach contrasts with database systems which require pre‐arranged accounts and passwords for access, and takes advantage of existing research data networks. Three specimen databases are available for queries: (1) type specimens of the Lamiaceae (and soon other families) in the Harvard University herbaria, (2) the complete catalog of Michigan State University's Kellogg Biological Station herbarium, and (3) the Flora of Mt. Kinabalu (Borneo) specimen database.
Validation of Prochloron didemni (Cyanophyta) and nomenclatural discussion of correlated names at the higher ranks
Authors: Hoffmann L. , Greuter W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHoffmann, L. & Greuter, W.: Validation of Prochloron didemni (Cyanophyta) and nomenclatural discussion of correlated names at the higher ranks. – Taxon 42: 641–645. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.The name Prochloron didemni, previously only effectively published, is here validly published. Valid publication of correlated names at the higher ranks is assessed under the provisions of both the Botanical and the Bacteriological Code.