bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of pancreatic cancer in relation to medical history and the use of tobacco, alcohol and coffee
Authors: Farrow D. C. , Davis S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population‐based case‐control study was conducted to examine the relationship between certain medical conditions, the use of tobacco, alcohol and coffee, and the incidence of pancreatic cancer. Cases (N = 148) were married men ages 20 through 74 years diagnosed with pancreatic cancer from July 1982 through June 1986. Controls (N = 188) were identified by random digit dialing. Wives, responding as surrogates for both cases and controls, were interviewed by telephone and completed, alone, a food frequency questionnaire. The risk of pancreatic cancer was increased in individuals with a history of diabetes or pancreatitis, and decreased in those with a history of tonsillectomy. Individuals who had ever smoked cigarettes were at elevated risk of disease. This excess risk was confined to current smokers, in whom the odds ratio was 3.2 (95% CI 1.8‐5.7); the risk among former smokers resembled that in those who had never smoked. There was no excess risk of pancreatic cancer among those who had ever used other forms of tobacco, including pipe tobacco, cigars and chewing tobacco. After adjustment for demographic and dietary characteristics, there was no association between pancreatic cancer risk and the intake of coffee, beer, red wine, hard liquor or all alcohol combined; a slight reduction in risk was seen among those consuming white wine daily.
Association of oral contraceptive use and human papillomaviruses in invasive cervical cancers
Authors: Hildesheim Allan , Reeves William C. , Brinton Louise A. , Lavery Carol , Brenes Maria , De La Guardia Maria Elena , Godoy Julio , Rawls William E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a study of 197 cases of histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer, 61% of biopsies were positive for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by Southern or dot‐blot hybridization. An association between detection of HPV DNA and oral contraceptive use was observed when HPV‐positive and ‐negative cases were compared. Women reporting recent or longterm (>4 yrs) oral contraceptive use were at 2.3 and 2.9‐fold increased risks of HPV positivity, respectively. An increased risk of HPV positivity was also associated with formal education and with urban residence, while long‐term smoking was negatively associated with HPV detection. A non‐significant trend of increasing risk of HPV positivity with increasing number of sexual partners of the women and of the male partners of monogamous women was observed. Detection of HPV DNA was not associated with other cervical cancer risk factors examined, including age at first coitus, number of pregnancies, and Pap smear screening history. Our findings suggest either an interaction between HPV infection and oral contraceptive use in the genesis of cervical cancer or an increased expression of HPV genome in neoplasms of oral contraceptive users. These observations also support a multifactorial model of cervical cancer causation.
Detection of a soluble form of the CD30 antigen in sera of patients with lymphoma, adult T‐cell leukemia and infectious mononucleosis
Authors: Pfreundschuh M. , Pohl C. , Berenbeck C. , Schroeder J. , Jung W. , Schmits R. , Tschiersch A. , Diehl V. , Gause A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a sandwich enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) we were able to detect a soluble form of the CD30 antigen (CD30s) in the supernatant of cell lines expressing membrane‐bound CD30 and in T and B cells after transformation with human T‐cell leukemia virus (HTLV‐1) and Epstein‐Barr‐Virus (EBV). While CD30s was not found in 250 healthy controls, it was detected in the sera of patients with Hodgkin's disease (23/100), anaplastic large‐cell (6/9), angioimmunoblastic (2/2) and one unclassified high‐grade non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), as well as in 18/20 patients with acute adult T‐cell leukemia (ATL, HTLV‐1‐positive). It was absent in a large number of patients with other high‐grade NHL, all low‐grade NHLs, acute or chronic leukemias and solid tumors. The only non‐malignant disease with detectable levels of CD30s was infectious mononucleosis (9/10). The membrane‐bound form of CD30 has a molecular weight of 120 kDa. Western blot analysis revealed that CD30s in the serum of patients has a molecular weight of 88 kDa, identical to the antigen released by cell lines in vitro. CD30s disappeared in all originally positive cases after successful treatment and reappeared in relapsing patients. Thus, CD30s may be useful as a specific marker for disease activity of certain types of lymphoma and ATL.
Transcription of biliary glycoprotein I gene in malignant and non‐malignant human liver tissues
Authors: Hinoda Yuji , Imai Kohzoh , Nakagawa Naoaki , Ibayashi Yumiko , Nakano Tatsumi , Paxton Raymond J. , Shively John E. , Yachi Akira 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBiliary glycoprotein I (BGP I) is a member of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) gene family consisting of at least II related genes. The transcription of BGP I gene was analysed in malignant and non‐malignant human liver tissues with a 396‐bp 3′‐untranslated region probe from a cDNA clone 4‐13 which was newly isolated from an adult human colon cDNA library. Among 21 tissue samples from 14 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, 16 samples were clearly shown to express a single 3.9‐kb message. This message was also found in the hepatoma cell line HuH‐7. When the malignant tissues were compared to the non‐malignant ones for the intensity of the band, no significant difference was observed. mRNAs of CEA and non‐specific cross‐reacting antigen (NCA) were not detected in 5 samples which were shown to have the message of the BGP I gene. These data suggest that the human hepatocyte and its malignant transformant produce BGP I, and that this could correspond to the cross‐reacting antigen previously detected in the liver.
Cancer incidence among medical diagnostic X‐ray workers in China, 1950 to 1985
Authors: Wang Ji‐Xian , Inskip Peter D. , Boic John D. , Li Ben‐Xiao , Zhang Jing‐Yuan , Fraumeni Joseph F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA second follow‐up of 27,011 diagnostic X‐ray workers in China revealed a 21% greater incidence of cancer than expected based on the experience of 25,782 physicians who did not routinely use X‐rays (RR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.35). This risk is lower than the 50% excess reported previously and reflects, in part, the reduced risk among workers first employed after 1965, when hospital exposures to radiation probably were lower than in earlier years. The X‐ray workers were employed between 1950 and 1985 and followed for an average of 16.1 years. Significantly elevated risks were seen for leukemia (RR = 2.4, n = 34 cases), and cancers of the esophagus (RR = 5.2, n = 19), liver (RR = 1.8, n = 65), and skin (RR = 2.8, n = 9). Cancers of the breast (RR = 1.5, n = 20), thyroid (RR = 1.7, n = 8), and bone (RR = 7.6, n = 4) also occurred more often than expected. Non‐significant deficits were observed for cancers of the oral cavity and pharynx (RR = 0.6, n = 16), colon and rectum (RR = 0.8, n = 20), stomach (RR = 0.8, n = 36), and lung (RR = 0.9, n = 45). Excess risks for leukemia and esophageal cancer were seen among men but not among women. The RR for leukemia was higher for X‐ray workers who began employment before 1970 than for those who started more recently and also for those who were young when employment began. The patterns of risk associated with duration of work, and with age and calendar time of initial employment, suggest that the excesses of leukemia and skin cancer, and, possibly, cancers of the breast and thyroid, were due to occupational exposure to X‐rays. However, there was little evidence that radiation contributed to the increased occurrences of liver or esophageal cancers.
Localization of fluorescent photofrin ii and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate in transplanted human malignant tumor LOX and normal tissues of nude mice using highly light‐sensitive video intensification microscopy
Authors: Peng Q. , Nesland Jahn M. , Moan J. , Evensen Jan F. , Kongshaug M. , Rimington C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparative kinetic observation of the in vivo biolocalization of Photofrin II (P‐II) and aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AIPCS4) in a transplanted human malignant tumor LOX and in normal tissues of nude mice has been made by means of highly light‐sensitive video intensification microscopy at various intervals after i.p. administration. In the human tumor LOX, transplanted to athymic nude mice, fluorescence of P‐II was observed on the membrane and in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, and in the stroma 4–48 hr post‐injection. From 72 hr post‐injection almost all fluorescing P‐II had disappeared from the membrane of the tumor cells while strong fluorescence was still found in the stroma. AIPCS4 fluorescence was seen mainly in tumorous stroma with none detected in the tumor cells. Almost no fluorescence was found in the tumorous stroma 24 hr after injection. In most normal tissues observed, P‐II was eliminated at a much slower rate than AIPCS4, but the in vivo biolocalization of the 2 drugs was similar. They were observed primarily where collagenous proteins are normally found, i.e. basal lamina, collagenous connective tissue, and in keratinized epithelium, renal epithelium, mononuclear phagocyte system and on the membrane of muscular cells. In addition, AIPCS4 had a strong affinity for the bronchiogenic epithelium. In the skin, P‐II was distributed in keratinized epithelium, hair, hair follicles and their accessory, collagenous connective tissue of dermis, whereas AIPCS4 was present only in hair and collagenous connective tissue of dermis. No fluorescence of P‐II or of AIPCS4 was found in the skin epidermis, nor in the transitional epithelium of the bladder mucosa.
Vitamin A supplements, fried foods, fat and urothelial cancer. A case‐referent study in Stockholm in 1985–87
Authors: Steineck Gunnar , Hagman Ulla , Gerhardsson Maria , Norell Staffan E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a population‐based case‐referent study of urothelial cancer in Stockholm during 1985‐87, information was obtained from 78% of 418 identified cases and 77% of 511 selected referents. The relative risk (with 95% confidence interval) for intake of vitamin A supplements was 0.5 (0.2–1.0), with a dose‐response relationship with increasing frequency of consumption. Increased risks of urothelial cancer were seen for several fried foods, for example fried meat [relative risk 1.4 (1.0–1.8) for weekly intake] and fried potatoes [relative risk 1.6(1.1–2.6) for weekly intake]. Subjects with a high intake of fried foods, as defined by a collapsed variable, had a relative risk of 2.4 (1.4–4.2). A dose‐response relationship was also seen with an increasing average daily intake of fat [relative risk 1.7 (1.0–2.8) in the highest quintile], but adjusting for fried foods decreased the relative risk, and it is uncertain whether the adjustment allowed for residual confounding. No association was noted for meat other than fried, but the analysis was based on small numbers.
Immunological response of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients to the Epstein‐Barr‐virus‐coded thymidine kinase expressed in Escherichia coli
Authors: Littler Edward , Newman William , Arrand John R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA bacterial expression system which produces large amounts of the Epstein‐Barr‐virus‐coded thymidine kinase has been developed and used to produce protein for Western blot analysis of a number of human antisera. Interestingly, only sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients had any detectable IgA antibody which reacted with the EBV TK. These findings provided the basis for ELISA tests using a crude lysate of the E. coli cells expressing the EBV TK as target antigen. Sera from NPC patients showed high levels of IgA reactive antibodies in this test while other sera did not.
Antibodies against the large subunit of the EBV‐encoded ribonucleotide reductase in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Ginsburg Michelle 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe open reading frame corresponding to BORF2 and encoding the large subunit of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) ribonucleotide reductase has been inserted into the prokaryotic expression vector pUCI9. A 90‐kDa protein was produced when the intact plasmid was used as a template for in vitro DNA‐directed protein synthesis. Using templates generated by restriction digests within the BORF2 open reading frame, in the same system, truncated polypeptides resulted confirming the identity of the 90‐kDa protein. The protein was then produced in a heterologous expression system and used in protein immunoblotting to screen for antibodies in sera from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) or control subjects. Twenty out of 33 NPC sera were positive for antibodies against the large subunit, 13 of these were positive for both IgG and IgA, whilst 7 were positive for IgG only. Out of 15 BL sera and 10 control sera, none were positive. These results are similar to those observed for other EBV‐encoded enzymes, including the DNase which has been used as an early marker for the development of NPC. The results presented here indicate that antibodies against the large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase could serve as an additional marker for NPC.
Serum and salivary IgA antibodies against a defined epitope of the Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen (EBNA) are elevated in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Foong Y. T. , Cheng H. M. , Sam C. K. , Dillner J. , Hinderer W. , Prasad U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Epstein‐Barr virus nuclear antigen I (EBNA I) is the only latent EBV antigen consistently expressed in malignant tissues of the nasopharynx. A 20‐amino‐acid synthetic peptide, p107 contains a major epitope of EBNA I. We tested sera from 210 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and from 128 normal individuals (NHS) for IgA antibodies to p107 using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whereas 191/210 (91%) of NPC patients had IgA antibodies to p107, only 17/128 (13.3%) of NHS had such antibodies and only 6/57 (10.5%) of sera from patients with malignancies other than NPC had IgA‐p107 reactivity. Thirty‐nine salivary samples from 46 NPC patients (84.8%) also contained IgA‐p107 antibodies whereas only 3/42 (7.1%) of normal saliva samples were IgA‐p107 positive. The results suggest that IgA antibodies to EBNA I may become a useful, easily measurable, marker for NPC.
Characterization of a 90‐100 kDa tumor‐associated antigen in the sera of melanoma patients
Authors: Euhus David M. , Gupta Rishab K. , Morton Donald L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing allogeneic antibody, we previously described a highmolecular‐weight glycoprotein in the urine of 68% of melanoma patients. This glycoprotein has been termed urinarytumor‐associated antigen (U‐TAA). A murine monoclonal antibody (MAb) specific for U‐TAA (AD1‐40F4) has been developed. By the use of AD1‐40F4, U‐TAA was detected in serum samples from 63% (33/52) of stage II and stage III melanoma patients, but from only 5% (1/20) of normal controls. This report describes the physical and immunochemical properties of U‐TAA in the serum. The antigen elutes from a DEAE‐Sephacel column in association with IgG in the void volume and as free antigen in a second peak. The molecular mass of the free antigen is 590–620 kDa and it sediments in the region of 28–29% sucrose by density gradient ultracentrifugation. Free antigen has an isoelectric point of 6.1. This high molecular weight antigen is composed of smaller subunits linked by reducible bonds. The AD1‐40F4 reactive epitope resides on a 90–100 kDa subunit. These results provide evidence that U‐TAA which is produced by melanoma cells in vitro is present in the circulation of melanoma patients.
Correlation between collagenolytic activity and grade of histological differentiation in colorectal tumors
Authors: Van Stappen Jos W. J. Der , Hendriks Thijs , Wobbes Theo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCollagenolytic activity, extracted from 55 tumor and healthy corresponding intestinal control samples, was determined by 3 different assays using soluble type I and fibrillar type I and III collagen, respectively, as substrate. The enzyme extracted from tumor‐digested collagen type I reconstituted fibrils and yielded the three‐quarter segments characteristic for the action of one of the matrix metalloproteinases: MMP‐I or mammalian collagenase. Metal‐chelating agents such as EDTA and O‐phenanthrolin indeed inhibited this activity. Collagenolytic activities were calculated on the basis of wet weight, total DNA and total extracted protein. Correlations were sought between levels of activity and both clinicopathological stage (Dukes' staging) and grade of histological differentiation. In all the assays applied, significant correlations were found between grade of histological differentiation and collagenolytic activity expressed as the tumor/control ratios: poorly‐differentiated tumors exhibited a higher tumor/control ratio than well‐differentiated tumors. Also, tumors penetrating into the serosa showed a higher tumor/control ratio than tumors invading the muscularis propria only. A relation between collagenolytic activity and clinico‐pathological stage was observed only if activities were calculated on a DNA basis. These results confirm a relationship between the histological appearance of a tumor and its enzymatic potential to degrade interstitial collagens.
Role of IL‐2, IL‐4 and IL‐6 in the growth and differentiation of tumor‐specific CD4+ T helper and CD8+ T cytotoxic cells
Authors: Selvan Rathinam S. , Nagarkatti Prakash S. , Nagarkatti Mitzi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have earlier observed that 1,3‐bis (2‐chloroethyl)‐l‐nitrosourea (BCNU), a chemotherapeutic drug, cured 90–100% of mice bearing a syngeneic la− T‐cell lymphoma (LSA) and furthermore, 100% of the BCNU‐cured mice could reject homologous tumor rechallenge. In the present study, purified CD4+ and CD8+ T cells isolated from BCNU‐cured mice were used to investigate the mechanism by which such T cells recognized and responded to the tumor‐specific antigens. The responsiveness of CD4+ T cells to LSA was dependent on processing and presentation of tumor‐specific antigens by syngeneic la+ splenic antigen‐presenting cells (APC). Such activated CD4+ T cells endogenously produced IL‐2 but not IL‐4 and only IL‐2 acted as an autocrine growth factor inasmuch as anti‐IL‐2 receptor antibodies but not anti‐IL‐4 antibodies inhibited the CD4+ T cell proliferation. In contrast, the CD8+ T cells failed to produce endogenous growth factors when stimulated with LSA alone or with LSA plus APC, and therefore failed to proliferate. However, in the presence of exogenous recombinant IL‐2 (rIL‐2), CD8+ T cells could proliferate directly in response to LSA‐stimulation, even in the absence of APC. Addition of exogenous rIL‐4 alone to cultures induced CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells to proliferate. However, rIL‐4 in the presence of rIL‐2, could synergize and induce tumor‐specific proliferation of CD8+ cells. These data suggested that for IL‐4 to act as a T‐cell growth factor, the presence of IL‐2 was essential, either in the form of endogenously secreted IL‐2 (CD4+ T cells) or exogenous IL‐2 (for CD8+ T cells). In contrast to rIL‐2 and rIL‐4, rIL‐6 failed to induce growth when used alone or in combination with rIL‐2 or rIL‐4. Furthermore, when tested individually, only rIL‐2 but not rIL‐4 or rIL‐6 could support the cytotoxic differentiation of CD8+ T cells. The present study suggests that the early events in responsiveness to LSA tumor may involve activation of the IL‐2‐producing Th1 subpopulation of CD4+ helper cells which in turn activate IL‐2 dependent CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. IL‐4 if produced subsequently, may act synergistically with IL‐2 to promote the growth of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.
Selective immortalization of a phenotypically distinct epithelial cell type by microinjection of SV40 DNA into cultured human milk cells
Authors: Bartek Jiri , Bartkova Jirina , Lalani El‐Nasir , Brezina Vitezslav , Taylor‐Papadimitriou Joyce 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn immortal cell line, MMSV‐1, has been developed which exhibits many features of the common luminal epithelial cell of the human mammary gland. The cell line was developed by microinjection of SV40 DNA into individual cells in selected colonies in cultures of human milk epithelial cells. Immunohistochemical staining shows that the MMSV‐1 cells express keratins 7,8, 18 and 19 homogeneously in organized filaments which lead into well‐developed desmosomes. They do not express vimentin or keratins found in stratified epithelia or keratin 14 found in basal cells in the mammary gland. The PEM mucin, recognized by the antibody HMFG‐1, is also expressed and appears to be processed normally. Fibronectin is detected but shows the punctate pattern typical of cultured normal milk epithelial cells. MMSV‐1 cells show a reduced requirement for added growth factors, including cyclic AMP‐elevating agents, but do not grow in agar or form tumours in nude mice. Since the transfected cells could be selected on the basis of an extended in vitro life span, antibiotic resistance markers were not introduced and the cells remain sensitive to hygromycin and neomycin.
CpG methylation of viral DNA in EBV‐associated tumours
Authors: Allday M. J. , Kundu D. , Finerty S. , Griffin Beverly E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn EBV‐immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) a small number of “latent” proteins are expressed. These are the EBV nuclear antigens, EBNAs 1–6, and a latent membrane protein, LMP. We have investigated the expression of these proteins in a variety of EBV‐associated tumours and cell lines. Whereas transplant and B‐cell lymphomas from cottontop tamarins appear to express the full range of antigens found in LCLs, we and others have found that in Burkitt's lymphomas (BL) and a nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) isolate, EBNA expression is restricted to EBNA‐1. (In NPC, but not in BL, LMP may also be expressed.) In order to ask what restricts the expression of EBNA 2–6 in NPC and BL cells it seemed reasonable to consider the possibility that the DNA sequences normally regulating expression of these antigens could be chemically modified. In this analysis, a tight inverse correlation between methylation of CpG dinucleotides in the 5′ flanking region of the EBNA‐2 gene and the expression of EBNAs 2–6 has been revealed. In the NPC tumour, CpG methylation within the gene is also observed, as is specific methylation over the EBNA‐1 region I and II binding sites (in oriP). The significance of these observations is considered.
c‐fos transfection of 3LL tumor cells turns on MHC gene expression and consequently reduces their metastatic competence
Authors: Kushtai G. , Feldman M. , Eisenbach L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTransfection with c‐fos genes of cells of a highly metastatic (H‐2K−H‐2D+) clone, D 122, of the 3LL carcinoma, causes activation of H‐2K gene expression. Experiments were carried out to test whether these transfectants exhibit reduced metastatic competence. Studying 11 mouse c‐fos, 6 mouse c‐fos and 2 v‐fos transfected clones, we observed that clones expressing high steady‐state levels of the fos mRNA also expressed elevated levels of H‐2K and H‐2D mRNA, and high levels of cell‐surface H‐2K and H‐2D glycoproteins. The transfectants were tested for generation of spontaneous metastasis following intra‐footpad inoculation of the tumor cells. Clones expressing high levels of fos and of H‐2 antigens, particularly those expressing high levels of cell‐surface H‐2Kb molecules, showed a reduction of their metastatic competence. Statistical analysis revealed that c‐fos transfectants are significantly less metastatic than the parental cells. The molecular mechanisms of c‐fos activation of H‐2 genes is briefly discussed.