bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationships of transcranial blood flow Doppler parameters with major vascular risk factors: TCD study in patients with a recent TIA or nondisabling ischemic stroke
Authors: Wijnhoud Annemarie D. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Dippel Diederik W.J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurpose:The relationship between intracranial vascular disease and cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and total serum cholesterol in patients with recent cerebral ischemia is not well established. We used transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography tests as parameters of intracranial vascular disease and investigated the relationship between these parameters and conventional cardiovascular risk factors.Methods:We prospectively studied 598 patients with a minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). In all patients, flow velocities in the left and right middle cerebral artery (MCA), and cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2 were measured by means of TCD sonography. Student's t‐test and linear regression analysis were used to determine the relationship between the baseline characteristics, vascular risk factors, and TCD parameters.Results:After adjustment for other vascular risk factors, a statistically significant relationship with mean flow velocity in the MCA was found for age (3.5 cm/s/10 years of age; 95% CI, 2.5–4.5 cm/s/10 years of age; p < 0.0001), sex (−2.9 cm/s for male sex; 95% CI, −5.5 to −0.3 cm/s; p = 0.03), diabetes (5.6 cm/s for diabetics; 95% CI, 2.1–9.1 cm/s; p = 0.002), and total serum cholesterol (2.4 cm/s per mmol increase in total serum cholesterol; 95% CI, 1.4–3.5 cm/s; p < 0.0001). Total serum cholesterol and hypertension were related to cerebrovascular reactivity to CO2.Conclusions:Cerebral flow velocity is influenced by multiple interacting factors. Results of TCD investigations should be adjusted for age, sex, diabetes, and cholesterol when used for diagnostic or prognostic purposes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:70–76, 2006
Association between varicocele and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Erdogmus Besir , Yazici Burhan , Balbay Oner , Annakkaya Ali Nihat , Ozdere Betul Ayca , Bulut Ismet 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurpose:To evaluate the relationship between varicocele and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) via color duplex sonography.Materials and Methods:Forty‐four male patients with COPD (age range, 50–89 years; mean ± SD, 66 ± 9) and 44 male healthy controls (age range, 47–75 years; mean ± SD, 65 ± 6) were evaluated with color duplex sonography for unilateral or bilateral varicocele.Results:The incidence of right, left, and bilateral varicocele was 47.7%, 65.9%, and 38.6% respectively, in the COPD group, versus 22.7%, 52.3%, and 13.6% in the control group. The incidence of right and bilateral varicocele in the COPD group was significantly higher than in the control group (p < 0.05). The incidence of varicocele also increased with increase in COPD severity.Conclusions:The incidence of varicocele in COPD patients is high. Varicocele might be one of the most important causes of scrotal pain and infertility in COPD patients. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:55–59, 2006
Color and power Doppler sonography of extracranial and intracranial arteries in moyamoya disease
Authors: Ruan Li‐Tao , Duan Yun‐You , Cao Tie‐Sheng , Zhuang Lei , Huang Lijun 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPurpose:To study the hemodynamic characteristics of moyamoya disease with color Doppler (CD) and power Doppler (PD) sonography.Methods:The hemodynamic parameters of intracranial and extracranial arteries from 17 patients with moyamoya disease confirmed via digital subtraction angiography and 30 healthy controls were studied with conventional and transcranial CD and PD.Results:The moyamoya vessels were detected as scattered color Doppler signal with low velocity and a low resistance index (RI) at the base of the brain in 10 of the 17 patients. The RI of the common carotid arteries and the internal carotid arteries of the patients was significantly higher, whereas the peak velocity was lower than in controls. The posterior carotid arteries were more frequently involved in children (43.8%) than in adults (5.6%).Conclusions:Transcranial CD and PD can be used to demonstrate the stenosis and occlusion of intracranial arteries and the abnormal vascular network at the base of the brain in most cases. Combined with the hemodynamic characteristics of extracranial arteries and the symptoms of the patients, an accurate diagnosis of moyamoya disease could be made in the majority of cases using PD. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:60–69, 2006
Management of a suprasellar arachnoid cyst identified using prenatal sonography
Authors: Fujimura Juri , Shima Yoshio , Arai Hajime , Ogawa Rei , Fukunaga Yoshitaka 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe present a rare case of suprasellar arachnoid cyst discovered incidentally on routine fetal sonographic examination. Serial sonographic and MRI scanning led to a prenatal diagnosis and appropriate endoscopic treatment at 5 months of age. The patient is currently developing normally at 3 years of age. Careful screening of fetal intracranial abnormalities is important in routine prenatal sonographic examination for early intervention, which will prevent irreversible complications such as endocrine disorders and visual impairment. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:92–94, 2006
Sonographic appearance of isolated necrotizing vasculitis of the testis
Authors: Fulgham Pat Fox , Jensen Pamela 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe presentation of necrotizing vasculitis of the testis is variable and may mimic a testicular tumor. Necrotizing vasculitis of the testis is characterized by fibrinoid necrosis of the walls of small and medium‐sized testicular arteries. We report a patient with isolated necrotizing vasculitis of the testis who presented with clinical imaging findings suspicious for testicular neoplasm. We describe the clinical course and sonographic characteristics of evolving necrotizing vasculitis of the testis, briefly review the literature, and discuss the implications for the diagnosis and management of this condition. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:99–107, 2006
Jejunal diverticulosis: Sonographic diagnosis
Authors: Sinha Rakesh 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe report the sonographic appearance of jejunal diverticulosis in 4 cases. Jejunal diverticula appear as multiple peri‐intestinal hypoechoic structures on sonographic examination. Many diverticula show communication with the bowel lumen. The diverticular neck formed by the prolapsed mucosal and submucosal layers can be seen as a parallel, echogenic structure traversing the bowel wall. Most diverticula also contain echogenic debris and air‐related artifacts. Because jejunal diverticula may be encountered during a sonographic examination, sonologists should be aware of their sonographic appearance to prevent diagnostic errors. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:84–87, 2006
Ectopic hypoplastic and multiseptate gallbladder with coexisting choledochal cyst: Evaluation with sonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography
Authors: Türkvatan Aysel , Erden Ayşe , Çelik Melda , Ölçer Tülay 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMultiseptate gallbladder, a rare congenital anomaly, may exist as an isolated anomaly or may coexist with other biliary system anomalies. We report a case of a multiseptate, ectopic, hypoplastic gallbladder associated with a choledochal cyst. The diagnosis was made using sonography and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreaticography. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 34:88–91, 2006
Performance of recalibration systems for GCM forecasts for southern Africa
Authors: Shongwe Mxolisi E. , Landman Willem A. , Mason Simon J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTwo regression‐based methods that recalibrate the ECHAM4.5 general circulation model (GCM) output during austral summer have been developed for southern Africa, and their performance assessed over a 12‐year retroactive period 1989/90–2000/01. A linear statistical model linking near‐global sea‐surface temperatures (SSTs) to regional rainfall has also been developed. The recalibration technique is model output statistics (MOS) using principal components regression (PCR) and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) to statistically link archived records of the GCM to regional rainfall over much of Africa, south of the equator. The predictability of anomalously dry and wet conditions over each rainfall region during December–February (DJF) using the linear statistical model and MOS models has been quantitatively evaluated. The MOS technique outperforms the raw‐GCM ensembles and the linear statistical model. Neither the PCR‐MOS nor the CCA‐MOS models show clear superiority over the other, probably because the two methods are closely related. The need to recalibrate GCM predictions at regional scales to improve their skill at smaller spatial scales is further demonstrated in this paper. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society.
Effect of nitrogen application rate on the content and composition of oil, essential oil and minerals in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds
Authors: Ashraf M , Ali Qasim , Iqbal Zafar 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nitrogen fertility level on the content and composition of oil, essential oil and minerals in black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seeds. Sixty‐three‐day‐old plants were supplied with varying levels of N, i.e., 0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1 soil. The fixed oil content of the seeds ranged from 32.7% to 37.8% and it remained almost unchanged at the two higher external N regimes, i.e., 60 and 90 kg N ha−1, but at 30 kg N ha−1 the oil content increased significantly. Of the saturated fatty acids analyzed, palmitic acid increased slightly at all external N levels, but in contrast stearic acid decreased considerably at 60 kg N ha−1. Of the unsaturated fatty acids of fixed oil, the predominant fatty acid was linoleic acid (18:2) followed by oleic acid (18:1). Linoleic acid and dihomolinoleic acid (20:2) showed no change in their amounts at varying levels of N. In contrast, a marked reduction in α‐linolenic acid (18:3) was found at the two higher N regimes, i.e., 60 and 90 kg N ha−1. Seed essential oil content did not vary with the change in applied N level. The major component of essential oil of black cumin seed was found to be p‐cymene, which showed an increase at 30 kg N ha−1, whereas no change in the levels of α‐pinene or β‐pinene was observed at varying levels of N. K, P, Na, Fe, Mn, and Ni were found to be predominant elements in the seeds. Ca, Mg, Cu, and Cr were present in low amounts, but Zn was present in moderate quantity. Increasing N rate did not affect the content of K, P, Ca, Mg, or Cr in the cumin seeds. In contrast, a consistent decrease in seed Mn, Zn, and Ni was observed with increase in external N level. Increasing N level had a marked effect on some of the components of black seed oil. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of rosmarinic acid and luteolin in Perilla frutescens Britton (Labiatae)
Authors: Natsume Midori , Muto Yuko , Fukuda Kumiko , Tokunaga Takahisa , Osakabe Naomi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn analytical method for measuring rosmarinic acid (RA) and luteolin (Lut), the major polyphenolic substances in Perilla frutescens Britton (Labiatae) was established. High‐performance liquid chromatography was used to determine the concentration of RA in perilla leaf solutions prepared by two successive extractions with water–acetone–hydrochloric acid (20:80:1, v/v/v). The concentration of Lut in solutions prepared by two successive extractions with ethanol–hydrochloric acid (100:1, v/v) was determined by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The mean concentrations of RA and Lut in the same samples of perilla leaves were 3.95 ± 0.42 and 0.039 ± 0.004 mg·g−1, respectively, with the concentration of RA being 100 times greater than that of Lut. It was also demonstrated that there were seasonal changes in the RA concentration of perilla leaves collected from the same field and that RA levels varied between different growing areas. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Forage quality and tannin concentration and composition of a collection of the tropical shrub legume Flemingia macrophylla
Authors: Andersson Meike S , Lascano Carlos E , Schultze‐Kraft Rainer , Peters Michael 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA collection of 23 Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.) Merrill accessions of different growth habits and contrasting digestibility and one Flemingia stricta reference accession were assessed for forage quality with particular emphasis on digestibility, condensed tannin concentration and fiber content. Large differences in in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) (356 to 598 g kg−1), content of crude protein (CP) (121 to 254 g kg−1) and extractable condensed tannins (CT) (0 to 268 g kg−1), protein‐binding capacity of extractable CT or astringency (1.7 to 7.9 protein‐binding entities) (PBE) and monomer composition of extractable CT were detected. IVDMD and extractable CT were negatively correlated and extractable CT was positively correlated with protein‐binding capacity. Prodelphinidin was positively and propelargonidin negatively correlated with protein‐binding capacity of extractable CT. The accessions CIAT 18438, CIAT 21083, CIAT 21090 and CIAT 22082 were superior to the most widely used accession CIAT 17403 in terms of forage quality and could be an option in production systems with acid infertile soils. In future evaluations, particular attention needs to be paid to chemical and structural features related to the composition of extractable CT and their effect on nitrogen utilization by ruminants. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Rheology and microstructure of achu, a food based on taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott), as affected by method of preparation
Authors: Njintang Nicolas Y , Parker Mary L , Moates Graham K , Mbofung Carl MF , Smith Andrew C , Waldron Keith W 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe functional properties of flour and the organoleptic, rheological and microscopic characteristics of traditionally made achu were compared with those of reconstituted achu prepared from the taro variety Ibo coco. Organoleptic analyses showed that reconstituted achu was generally softer in consistency and less appreciated than traditional achu. In general with respect to functional properties, the estimated water absorption capacity, bulk density, blue value index and penetrometric index were lower for traditional achu than for reconstituted achu. In contrast, the viscosity of traditional achu was significantly higher than that of reconstituted achu. Light microscopic observations revealed that reconstituted taro achu is a smooth starch gel containing broken parenchyma cells whereas in traditional achu, the paste is mainly composed of whole cells within a starch gel. Coulter particle size analyses of achu showed a peak at median 122 µm for traditional achu whereas reconstituted‐flour achu had its median at 143 µm. All the functional, rheological and microscopic analyses reflect the higher degree of starch gelatinisation in the reconstituted achu. From this study, it is suggested that boiling the whole corms before drying could improve the texture of the reconstituted achu. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the canning quality of small white beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) canned in tomato sauce by a small‐scale and an industrial method
Authors: van der Merwe Daleen , Osthoff Garry , Pretorius Apie J 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe use of laboratory canning techniques to predict the commercial canning quality of dry beans is widely accepted in bean breeding. The validation of laboratory canning procedures is determined by its relationship with commercial practices. Laboratory evaluation of the canning quality of industrially canned beans obtained from retailers stressed that canning quality standards for South African small white beans in tomato sauce need defining. Four small white bean cultivars were canned and evaluated according to laboratory procedures and the same cultivars were supplied to an industrial canner to be canned according to industrial procedures. Different canning parameters used in the laboratory (hydration coefficient, percentage washed drained weight, visual appearance, splits, size, texture and colour) and by industry (water uptake, percentage washed drained weight, splits, size) necessitated the use of multivariate analysis to compare the two sets of data. Canonical variate analyses showed the same groupings of cultivars according to canning quality for laboratory and industrial canning. Laboratory procedures were therefore as successful as industrial procedures in grouping cultivars according to canning quality. For bean breeding purposes, it was also shown that the laboratory canning and evaluation method is able to detect the same environmental and genetic effects on canning quality that also affect industrial canning. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Studies on the effect of glucose oxidase in bread making
Authors: Hanft Franziska , Koehler Peter 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo obtain insight into the dough improver effect of glucose oxidase (β‐D‐glucose:oxygen 1‐oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.3.4) different possible reaction sites of hydrogen peroxide, which is a product of reactions catalysed by glucose oxidase, were analysed and compared to the effects of other additives. A technical enzyme preparation as well as the pure enzyme were studied. Neither oxidation of tyrosine residues to dityrosine nor oxidation of thiols was promoted by glucose oxidase. The effects caused by the enzyme were intensified when it was applied in combination with its substrate, glucose. After the addition of the enzyme and glucose the effects were comparable to the addition of hydrogen peroxide alone. For the technical enzyme the decrease of monomeric ferulate was much stronger as compared to hydrogen peroxide. Therefore, in a model experiment, the activity of the technical enzyme was determined, which was as high as 0.01 U mg−1 (1 U corresponds to a ferulic acid consumption of 1 µmol min−1). This activity was not present in the pure enzyme. From these results it was assumed that side activities present in technical glucose oxidase preparations have a substantial impact on their improver effect in breadmaking. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of epiphytic lactic acid bacteria with or without different byproduct from defatted rice bran and green tea waste on napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Shumach) silage fermentation
Authors: Bureenok Smerjai , Namihira Tomoyuki , Mizumachi Susumu , Kawamoto Yasuhiro , Nakada Tadashi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA fermented juice from macerated napiergrass containing epiphytic lactic bacteria (FJLB) and napiergrass was prepared, mixed with defatted rice bran (FJLB + DRB) or dried green tea waste (FJLB + DTW) and freeze‐dried. Silage was treated with FJLB + DRB, FJLB + DTW, DRB or DTW in powder form at levels of 2, 10 and 50 g kg−1 fresh matter (FM). FJLB in liquid form was added at a level of 10 mL kg−1 FM. All treated silages were well preserved, with lower pH, acetic acid and NH3‐N content and higher lactic acid content than that of the control. Butyric acid was present only in the control silage and those treated with DRB or DTW. Without powdered FJLB additives, napiergrass silages had higher pH values, butyric acid and NH3‐N content, but low lactic acid content compared with powdered FJLB silages. Increasing the amount of all powdered additives had effect on lactic acid and NH3‐N content. It may thus be concluded that the powder form of FJLB was as effective in improving the fermentative quality of napiergrass as the liquid form. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Mineral contents of 34 species of edible mushrooms growing wild in Turkey
Authors: Dursun Nesim , Özcan M Musa , Kaşık Gıyasettin , Öztürk Celaleddin 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMineral contents of 34 species of wild mushrooms, growing particularly in the central Anatolia region in Turkey, were determined by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP‐AES). All mushrooms contained high amounts of Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg and P. The highest potassium level was 45189.4 mg kg−1 for the species Coprinus micaceus, whereas the lowest K content was 9973.8 mg kg−1 in Polyporus squamosus. Among the wild mushrooms, the highest lead level was 5.4 mg kg−1 in the species Helvella leucomelano. Iron contents of mushrooms were found in similarly small percentages in all the species analysed, ranging from 338.3 mg kg−1 in Russula delica to 8994.71 mg kg−1 in Helvella spadicea. Phosphorus content ranged from 2095.6 mg kg−1 in Polyporus squamosus to 22799.0 mg kg−1 in Helvella spadicea. Magnesium was found to be high, ranging from 458.1 mg kg−1 in Rhizopogon luteolus to 4254.9 mg kg−1 in Morchella esculenta. This study attempts to contribute to knowledge of the human nutritional properties of these mushroom species, and may be useful for the evaluation of dietary information. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Dioxin and polychlorinated biphenyl analysis: Automation and improvement of clean‐up established by example of spices
Authors: Kleinhenz Silvia , Jira Wolfgang , Schwind Karl‐Heinz 
Published: March 2006

AbstractTo analyze polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins/dibenzofurans (PCDDs/PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in spices by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry, a new clean‐up method had to be developed owing to the high content of essential oils in the samples. A solid‐phase extraction (SPE) column with activated silica endowed with sulfuric acid and sodium hydroxide was used. Under these conditions, clean‐up was achieved using at least 5–7 g of pepper and even higher amounts of other spices. The automatized clean‐up comprised three additional chromatographic steps after accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) followed by gel permeation: chromatography on a florisil SPE column, extract cleaning with the above‐mentioned silica SPE column and chromatography with an activated charcoal column. On the basis of this automatized clean‐up, a method that is more effective, rapid, simplified and economical than the available methods for PCDD/PCDF and PCB analysis is proposed. In model studies, the average recoveries for PCDDs/PCDFs ranged between 82.6% and 105.6% and for the PCBs between 71.3% and 113.3%.
Liquid chromatography with accurate mass measurement on a triple quadrupole mass‐spectrometer for the identification and quantification of N‐lactoyl ethanolamine in wine
Authors: de Rijke Eva , Ruisch Bart J. , Bouter Nico , König Thorsten 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn this study a specific taste‐modulating flavor ingredient, N‐lactoyl ethanolamine, was determined in two Beerenauslese wines using preparative LC, as a first isolation and concentration step, followed by LC‐MS/MS on a triple quadrupole in accurate mass (AM) mode. The accurate masses of the analyte and three characteristic fragments were determined with mass accuracies between 8 and 20 ppm. N‐lactoyl ethanolamine concentrations in the wines were 0.4 and 2.5 mg/L.