bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experimentally induced Cassia roemeriana poisoning in cattle and goats
Authors: Rowe Loyd D. , Corrier Donald E. , Reagor John C. , Jones Larry P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The dried, ground aerial portions of the plant Cassia roemeriana were administered to each of seven calves at a dosage of 10 g/kg of body weight/day for 2 to 10.5 days and to each of six goats at a dosage of 10 g/kg/day for 5 days or 5 or 7 g/kg/day for 23 to 25 days. Experimentally induced C roemeriana poisoning in both species resulted in hepatopathic poisoning characterized by a brief survival period (3.9 to 7.9 days), moderate-to-severe hepatocellular damage, and little or no evidence of injury to skeletal muscle or resulted in myopathic poisoning characterized by a longer period of survival, mild-to-severe skeletal myopathy, and mild hepatocellular injury. The minimal dosage that induced hepatopathic poisoning (also the minimal lethal dosage) was 10 g/kg/day for 3 days in calves and for 5 days in goats. The minimal dosage that induced the myopathic syndrome (as determined by the earliest increase in serum creatine kinase activity) was 10 g/kg/day for 6 days for calves and 5 g/kg/day for 10 to 16 days for goats.
Pathogenicity and immunogenicity of a mutagen-attenuated Rift Valley fever virus immunogen in pregnant ewes
Authors: Morrill J. C. , Jennings G. B. , Caplen H. , Turell M. J. , Johnson A. J. , Peters C. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A mutagenized clone of Rift Valley fever virus (rvfv; MV P12) used in inoculation of 3 pregnant ewes was immunogenic, nonpathogenic, and nonabortogenic. In contrast, inoculation of a matched group of 3 pregnant ewes with parent rvfv induced clinical disease and abortions. Ewes given MV P12 delivered healthy lambs that had rvfv antibody titers of < 1:10 at birth, increasing to s 1:80 after ingestion of colostrum. Ewes inoculated with parent rvfv developed marked viremia, followed by rvfv antibody titers s 1:1,280; ewes inoculated with MV P12 developed low viremia titers and rvfv antibody titers of 1:80 to 1:320. Postpartum challenge exposure of the previously MV P12-inoculated ewes with virulent Zagazig human 501 strain rvfv indicated that the ewes were protected from clinical disease. The rvfv-susceptible female Culex pipiens that fed on the MV P12-inoculated ewes failed to transmit rvfv to hamsters; mosquitoes that fed on the parent rvfv-inoculated ewes became infected and transmitted rvfv to hamsters.
Bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease in white-tailed deer from Oklahoma: Serologic evaluation and virus isolation
Authors: Kocan A. Alan , Castro Anthony E. , Shaw Michael G. , Rogers Sandra J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples were collected from 194 white-tailed deer from 27 locations in Oklahoma from 1977 through 1984. Sixty-eight (35%) of the deer had antibody against blue-tongue virus (btv) and 78 (40%) had antibody against epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus. Seropositive deer were detected in each of the 4 geographic quadrants of the state. Virus isolation was attempted in 40 deer from the northeast quadrant of Oklahoma (1983 through 1984); btv was isolated from 11 deer, but epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus was not isolated. The isolation of btv serotype 11 from these deer from 1983 through 1984 coincided with reported isolations of this serotype in other ruminants in Oklahoma during this time.
Ceftiofur sodium, a broad-spectrum cephalosporin: Evaluation in vitro and in vivo in mice
Authors: Yancey Robert J. , Kinney Mary L. , Roberts Barbara J. , Goodenough Kenneth R. , Hamel Judith C. , Ford Charles W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ceftiofur sodium, a broad-spectrum β-lactamase-resistant cephalosporin, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo in mice. Ceftiofur is the sodium salt of (6R, 7R)-7{[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)-Z-(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino}-3-{[(2-furanylcarbonyl)thio]methyl}-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo-[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate. Minimal inhibitory concentration values were obtained with 264 strains representing 9 genera and 17 species of bacterial pathogens from cattle, swine, sheep, horses, poultry, dogs, cats, and human beings. Ceftiofur was more active than was ampicillin against all strains tested including β-lactamase-producing organisms. In mice with systemic infections, ceftiofur was more active than or equivalent to ampicillin, cephalothin, cefamandole, cloxacillin, cefoperazone, or pirlimycin. These protection tests included infections with Escherichia coli, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae, H somnus, Pasteurella haemolytica, P multocida, Salmonella typhimurium, or Staphylococcus aureus. In infant mice with E coli-induced lethal diarrhea and in mice with S aureus and E coli-induced mastitis, ceftiofur was comparable or more active than was ampicillin.
Effects of treatment with cobra venom factor on experimentally induced feline leukemia
Authors: Kraut Eric H. , Rojko Jennifer L. , Olsen Richard G. , Tuomari Darrell L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five- to six-month-old specific-pathogen-free cats were exposed to cobra venom factor (cvf) alone (4 cats), Rickard feline leukemia virus (FeLV; 9 cats), or cvf and FeLV (6 cats). Host-virus relationships were evaluated by monitoring the development of viremia, production of antibody against feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen, and amount of circulating immune complexes (cic).
Exposure to cvf induced complement depletion, which lasted 8 to 15 days. However, complement depletion did not promote the development of persistent viremia nor alter the production of antibody to feline oncornavirus-associated cell membrane antigen or cic. Results indicated that the complement system did not protect cats during their initial exposure to FeLV and that an intact complement system was not necessary for the development of antibody against feline oncornavirus-associated antigen or for the formation of cic.
In vitro immune serum-mediated protection of pig monocytes against African swine fever virus
Authors: Knudsen Richard C. , Genouesi Eugene V. , Whyard Terry C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum samples from pigs that had recovered from infection with a Dominican Republic isolate of African swine fever virus (asfv) were mixed with dilutions of the virus, then assayed in microcultures of normal pig mononuclear leukocytes to determine whether the samples contained antibodies that protected monocytes against the virus. Protection was determined by the difference in titer (log10) between virus mixed with healthy pig serum and virus mixed with immune pig serum, using 50% cytopathogenic effect end points; protection was expressed as an immune serum-protection index. After addition of virus-serum mixtures to mononuclear leukocyte microcultures, a time-dependent decrease in protective index and production of infectious virus (determined by use of yield reduction assays) were observed. Protective effects were associated with the immunoglobulin fraction of serum, were rapidly lost on dilution, and were independent of complement. Antibody was most protective for the homologous Dominican Republic isolate of asfv, with decreased protection against Lisbon '60 asfv, and no protection against foot-and-mouth disease virus or bluetongue virus. Low concentrations of protective antibody were found during the acute viremic phase in infected pigs; antibody increased to maximal concentrations as the viremia decreased.
Posologie evaluation of clindamycin, using a canine model of posttraumatic osteomyelitis
Authors: Braden T. D. , Johnson C. A. , Gabel C. L. , Lott G. A. , Caywood D. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Posttraumatic osteomyelitis attributable to Staphylococcus aureus infection was experimentally induced in 30 dogs, after which the dogs were treated with clindamycin at various dosage regimens. Of the regimens evaluated, oral administration of 11 mg of clindamycin/kg of body weight twice daily for 28 days was the most effective treatment for the osteomyelitis.
Technique for repeated collection of blood that has just perfused the pineal gland of sheep
Authors: Colombo Gaetano , Cozzi Bruno , Cremonesi Fausto , Reiter Russel J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A long catheter was inserted into the superior sagittal sinus of sheep and was maneuvered to the level of the rectus sinus. The catheter was then secured to the head, neck, and shoulder of the animal. The distal end of the catheter was connected to a 3-way valve through which blood samples were collected and heparin was injected. Blood loss during surgery was minimal; recovery was quick and complete. The simple surgical technique enabled the collection of blood that has just perfused the pineal gland.
Identification of bluetongue virus protein-specific antibody responses in sheep by immunoblotting
Authors: Adkison Mark A. , Stott Jeffery L. , Osburn Bennie I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A western immunoblotting procedure was developed for identifying bluetongue virus protein-specific antibody responses in sheep. Assay conditions were optimized and included electrophoretic transfer of viral proteins to a nitrocellulose membrane (ncm), blocking of unbound sites on the ncm, and detection of ncm-bound primary immune complexes. A biotin-avidin-enzyme system was determined to be superior in terms of sensitivity for identification of the ncm-bound virus protein-antibody complexes. The biotin-avidin-enzyme detection system made use of biotinylated rabbit anti-sheep IgG and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated egg white avidin. This system permitted identification of antibodies specific for up to 10 bluetongue virus-associated proteins, 4 of which have not been characterized.
Regulation of murine macrophage phagocytosis of sheep erythrocytes by T-2 toxin
Authors: Corrier Donald E. , Holt Peter S. , Mollenhauer Hilton H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of a single oral dose of 4 mg of T-2 toxin/kg of body weight on in vivo phagocytosis of sheep rbc by peritoneal macrophages was evaluated in nonsensitized mice and in mice sensitized with sheep rbc. T-2 toxin treatment had no effect on the viability or phagocytic activity of resident peritoneal macrophages in nonsensitized mice. However, a significant (P < 0.005) increase in phagocytic activity occurred in cells from mice treated with toxin and subsequently sensitized with sheep rbc. In contrast, phagocytosis of sheep rbc was significantly (P < 0.05) suppressed in cells from mice treated with toxin after sensitization. Toxin treatment induced necrosis of lymphocytes and significant decreases in thymus and spleen weights. Seemingly, T-2 toxin, administered at a dose that caused marked lymphoid depletion, suppressed or enhanced in vivo macrophage phagocytic activity in antigenically sensitized mice, and enhancement or suppression of phagocytosis was a function of the time of toxin treatment in relation to antigenic stimulation.
Buccal mucosa bleeding times of healthy dogs and of dogs in various pathologic states, including thrombocytopenia, uremia, and von Willebrand's disease
Authors: Jergens Albert E. , Turrentine Mark A. , Kraus Karl H. , Johnson Gary S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The buccal mucosa bleeding time (bmbt; duration of hemorrhage from standardized cuts made with a spring-loaded disposable device in the mucosal surface of the upper lip) was used to evaluate the hemostatic competence of dogs. The mean (± sd) bmbt for 34 healthy dogs was 2.62 ± 0.49 minutes. The bmbt of healthy dogs anesthetized with halothane or tranquilized with xylazine were not significantly different from the bmbt of healthy dogs evaluated without chemical restraint. The bmbt was significantly (P < 0.01) prolonged 21 hours after aspirin (10 mg/kg of body weight) was administered orally to 10 healthy dogs; however, the mean aspirin-induced increase in bmbt was only 0.40 minutes. The bmbt of 28 of 30 dogs with various diseases not traditionally associated with hemostatic deficiencies were near or within the range of bmbt for healthy dogs; however, 2 dogs had bmbt of > 8 minutes. In contrast, bmbt were prolonged in most dogs with diseases known to induce deficient primary hemostasis; the 3 dogs with thrombocytopenia (≤ 20,000 platelets/μl), the 7 Doberman Pinschers with von Willebrand's disease (von Willebrand factor antigen; ≤ 18 U/dl), and 5 of the 6 dogs with severe azotemia (serum urea nitrogen; ≥ 124 mg/dl) had prolonged bmbt. The bmbt of 16 dogs were determined immediately before they were subjected to various surgical procedures, and the severity of the hemorrhage encountered during these procedures was subjectively evaluated; the amount of hemorrhage from 12 of the 16 dogs was considered to be appropriate for the corresponding surgical procedures, but the remaining 4 dogs bled excessively during surgery. The mean bmbt for the 12 dogs that had normal hemostasis during the surgical procedures was 3.00 ± 1.20 minutes, which was significantly shorter (P < 0.05) than the mean bmbt of the 4 dogs with deficient hemostasis during surgical procedures (9.36 ± 6.36 minutes).
Alterations in selected serum biochemical constituents in equids after induced hepatic disease
Authors: Hoffmann Walter E. , Baker Gordon , Rieser Suzanne , Dorner Joseph L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of induced cholestasis and hepatocellular necrosis and of fasting on serum biochemical constituents including bile acids, IgA, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyltransferase (ggt), arginase, and the clearance of sodium sulfobromophthalein were studied in 4 groups of equids. The reference value for serum bile acids, as determined by an enzymatic colorimetric procedure for horses and ponies was 5.94 ± 2.72 μmol/L, there being no statistical difference for horses and ponies. Sample collection at time of feeding had no effect on serum bile acid concentration. Seemingly, serum bile acids, arginase, and ggt were the most sensitive indicators of cholestasis and/or hepatocellular necrosis and would form an essential minimum effective battery of tests to diagnose and prognose hepatic disease in equids. These tests provided a measure of hepatobiliary transport function (bile acids), cell necrosis (arginase), and cholestasis (ggt and bile acids).
Monoclonal antibodies: Cell surface markers for canine keratinocytes
Authors: Suter Maja M. , Wilkinson John E. , Greenberger Leah , Smith Christina A. , Lewis Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma membranes were isolated from cultured canine keratinocytes by paraformaldehyde-induced membrane vesiculation. The isolated plasma membrane vesicles retained cell surface antigens (eg, a pemphigus vulgaris antigen). These membrane vesicles were used as an antigen source for the production of monoclonal antibodies. Eight antibodies that had specific reactivity to the cytoplasmic membrane of keratinocytes on frozen sections of canine esophagus were identified by use of an indirect immunoperoxidase method. The stratified squamous epithelium of the esophageal mucosa had 4 staining patterns. When applied to frozen sections of canine skin, lip, and tongue, the antibodies had different tissue specificities for differing stratified squamous epithelia. Using sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis and the western blot technique, one of the antibodies was specific for a 60-kD cell surface molecule. Therefore, such monoclonal antibodies may be useful in defining heterogeneity between different stratified squamous epithelia, in identifying biologically important surface antigens, or in the diagnosis of tumors.
Multimeric analysis of von Willebrand factor before and after desmopressin acetate (DDAVP) administration intravenously and subcutaneously in male Beagle dogs
Authors: Kraus Karl H. , Turrentine Mark A. , Johnson Gary S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight adult male Beagles were given 1 μg of 1-deamino-8-d-arginine vasopressin (ddavp)/kg of body weight, sc or by slow iv infusion on separate occasions. Both routes of administration induced highly significant increases (P < 0.0001) in plasma concentrations of von Willebrand factor (vWf) antigen (Ag) and botrocetin cofactor (BCf) activity, an indication of platelet-associated vWf activity. In most instances, increases in plasma vWf:Ag and BCf values induced by sc injection were as large as or larger than those induced by slow iv infusion. With both routes of administration, BCf activity increased more than the vWf:Ag concentration, so that high BCf-to-vWf:Ag ratios were found in plasma after ddavp administration. In plasma samples obtained before ddavp administration, sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis resolved the vWf into a series of multimeric proteins with molecular weights similar to those of human vWf. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis of plasma samples obtained after ddavp administration revealed mainly the larger molecules of vWf that were increased by ddavp administration.
Efficacy of levamisole and netobimin against Haemonchus contortus in lambs in Louisiana
Authors: Miller James E. , Hembry F. Glen , Kearney Michael T. , Williams James C. , Stagg Lois C. , Sims David 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Efficacy of levamisole was evaluated in a suspected levamisole-resistant population of Haemonchus contortus in the Louisiana State University sheep flock. The efficacy of netobimin also was evaluated against this population of Haemonchus. In trial 1,5 lambs naturally infected with H contortus were given 8 mg of levamisole/kg of body weight as a drench, and 5 lambs were not treated (controls). Nematode recovery after slaughter indicated 0% efficacy against H contortus.
In trial 2, 30 nematode-free lambs were each given 8,300 F1 generation infective larvae of H contortus, which were derived from parent H contortus that survived 2 levamisole treatments in lambs being maintained in a nematode-free environment. Ten lambs were treated with 8 mg of levamisole/kg as a drench, 10 were treated with 20 mg of netobimin/kg as a drench, and 10 were not treated (control). Nematode recovery after slaughter revealed 62.3% and 99.8% efficacy for levamisole and netobimin, respectively, against H contortus.
Effects of polysulfated glycosaminoglycan on chemical and physical defects in equine articular cartilage
Authors: Yovich John V. , Trotter Gayle W. , McIlwraith C. Wayne , Norrdin Robert W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of intra-articular polysulfated glycosaminoglycan (psg) on repair of chemical and physical articular cartilage injuries was evaluated in 8 horses. In each horse, a partial- and a full-thickness articular cartilage defect was made on the distal articular surface of the radial carpal bone. In the contralateral middle carpal joint, a chemical articular cartilage injury was induced by injecting 50 mg of Na monoiodoacetate (mia). Four of the 8 horses were not treated (controls), and 4 horses were treated by intra-articular injection of 250 mg of psg into both middle carpal joints once a week for 5 treatments starting 1 week after cartilage injury. Horses were maintained for 8 weeks.
There was less joint circumference enlargement in psg-treated horses in mia-injected and physical defect carpi, compared with that in controls. In mia-injected joints, there was less articular cartilage fibrillation and erosion, less chondrocyte death, and greater safranin-O staining for glycosaminoglycans in psg-treated horses. Evalution of joints in which physical defects were made revealed no differences between control and psg-injected joints. None of the partial-thickness defects had healed. Full-thickness defects were repaired with fibrous tissue (which was more vascular and cellular in psg-injected joints) and occasionally small amounts of fibrocartilage. Seemingly, psg had chondroprotective properties in a model of chemically induced articular cartilage damage, whereas psg had no obvious effect in a physical articular cartilage-defect model.
Pneumonia in pigs induced by intranasal challenge exposure with Pseudorabies virus and Pasteurella multocida
Authors: Fuentes Martha C. , Pijoan Carlos 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The interaction between Pseudorabies virus (prv) and Pasteurella multocida was investigated to determine whether single or combined infections result in pneumonia in 6- to 7-week-old pigs. The effect of the prv-P multocida challenge exposure on feed consumption, rate of gain, and extent of pneumonic lesions appeared dependent on the prv dose; however, pneumonic lesions were of bacterial pneumonia. Pigs inoculated with a virulent strain of prv plus P multocida developed severe pneumonia, whereas pigs given prv only did not develop pneumonia. Modified-live prv vaccine had no effect on the occurrence of pneumonia. Average daily gain was most depressed in pigs given the highest dose of virulent prv plus P multocida.
Specificity of the indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Pseudorabies virus antibodies in pigs exposed to bovine herpesvirus-1
Authors: Afshar A. , Wright P. F. , Myers D. J. , Bouffard A. , Dulae G. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Six 5-week-old pigs were inoculated intranasally (in) with 107.6 tcid50 of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1). Three of the pigs also were inoculated iv with a similar dose of bhv-1. Clinical responses were not observed in these 6 pigs before oronasal challenge exposure with 107.8 tcid50 of virulent Pseudorabies virus (prv) at postinoculation day 42. Two pigs inoculated in with bhv-1 and challenge exposed with prv remained healthy, whereas the remaining 4 pigs developed severe clinical signs of Pseudorabies and were moribund at postinoculation day 50 (8 days after challenge exposure). Anti-bhv-1 antibodies were demonstrable by elisa in all 6 pigs and by serum neutralization (sn) in 5 pigs before challenge exposure with prv. Anti-prv antibody was not detected by elisa or sn before challenge exposure to prv. After challenge exposure to prv, pigs with humoral antibody to bhv-1 responded anamnestically, and anti-prv antibody activity was demonstrable by elisa and sn in the 2 surviving pigs.
Histochemical morphologic features of growth cartilages in long bones of pigs of various ages
Authors: Hill Michael A. , Ruth George R. , Van Sickle David C. , Hilley Harvey D. , Torrison Jerry L. , Bagent Jack K. , Lemon Alan D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Growth cartilages were obtained from humeri, femora, and ulnae of 31 pigs between 1 and 169 days old. On the basis of stain uptake and distribution, distinct layers were identified in articular-epiphyseal cartilage complexes and growth plates. The laminated appearance was dependent on stain uptake by territorial and interterritorial matrices and was more distinct in pigs > 15 days old. There was morphologic heterogeneity, which probably represented a functional heterogeneity, among chondrocytes in all layers and zones of both types of growth cartilage. The laminar appearance of growth cartilages and the distribution of different types of cells were similar for all pigs in each age category and for all sites.