bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DISPERSAL OF HORMOSIRA BANKSII (PHAEOPHYCEAE) VIA DETACHED FRAGMENTS: REPRODUCTIVE VIABILITY AND LONGEVITY1
Authors: McKenzie Prudence F. , Bellgrove Alecia 
Published: September 2008

Drifting, fertile thalli are well documented to be the primary long‐distance dispersal vector for many marine macroalgae, but little information about reproductive viability of drift is known. This study examined the reproductive viability and longevity of floating fragments of the intertidal Australasian fucoid Hormosira banksii (Turner) Decne. Beach wrack surveys and field experiments were conducted to test the model that long‐distance dispersal is achieved in H. banksii via floating, fertile fronds. High densities of beach wrack fragments were evident during summer compared to autumn. The majority of beach wrack occurred on sandy beaches rather than rocky shores. Both male and female fragments were present in the beach wrack. Detached fronds were capable of releasing gametes up to 8 weeks after detachment. Beach wrack produced high fertilization rates and recruited successfully onto artificial panels. Results suggest that detached fragments are reproductively viable and that floating, fertile fronds may be an important mechanism for facilitating long‐distance dispersal in this species. Nevertheless, the frequency of fronds reaching a suitable habitat and contributing to gene flow between populations, or colonizing new populations, may not be proportional to the total density of beach wrack.
Renal Net Acid Excretion Capacity Is Comparable in Prepubescence, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood but Falls with Aging
Authors: Berkemeyer Shoma , Vormann Jürgen , Günther Anke L. B. , Rylander Ragnar , Frassetto Lynda A. , Remer Thomas 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether renal net acid excretion capacity (NAEC) varies across different age groups and, specifically, whether it falls in elderly people.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional observational study.SETTING: Community‐based.PARTICIPANTS: Young participants were from the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed Study, Dortmund, Germany; elderly participants were from Gothenburg, Sweden.MEASUREMENTS: Twenty‐four‐hour urine pH, net acid excretion (NAE), urinary phosphorus, total nitrogen excretion, and anthropometric data were measured in healthy elderly people (aged 55–75; n=85), young adults (aged 18–22; n=117), adolescents (aged 13–14; n=112), and prepubescent children (aged 6–7; n=217). NAEC was determined as 24‐hour NAE adjusted for urine pH using the residual method.RESULTS: In elderly participants 24‐hour urinary pH (5.9±0.53) was lower (P<.05) and NAE (60±27 mEq/d) higher (P<.05) than in the three other groups. In a regression model adjusted for age, sex, and body surface area, NAEC showed a clear decrease with age, with highest values in prepubescents and lowest in elderly participants. However, NAEC remained significantly lower only in elderly participants (P<.001) after the inclusion of total nitrogen excretion, a protein intake index, which was included because protein intake is known to modulate renal function. NAEC was approximately 8 mEq/d lower in healthy elderly participants than in young adults.CONCLUSION: The capacity to excrete net endogenous acid does not vary markedly from childhood to young adulthood but falls significantly with age, implying that elderly people may require higher daily alkalizing mineral intake to compensate for renal function losses.
Comparison of Fatigue Levels in Patients with Stroke and Patients with End‐Stage Heart Failure: Application of the Fatigue Assessment Scale
Authors: Smith Otto R. F. , Van Den Broek Krista C. , Renkens Mariëlle , Denollet Johan 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVES: To examine the assessment of fatigue using the Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) in patients with stroke and to compare the levels of fatigue reported by patients with stroke, patients with chronic heart failure (CHF), and healthy controls.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional analysis.SETTING: Stroke rehabilitation unit, heart failure outpatient clinic, general Dutch population.PARTICIPANTS: Three different samples were included: 80 patients with stroke, 137 patients with CHF, and 160 healthy controls.MEASUREMENTS: Fatigue was measured according to the FAS at baseline and at 2‐month follow‐up. Depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline using the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).RESULTS: The internal consistency (α) of the FAS was 0.77 at baseline and at 2‐month follow‐up. Test–retest reliability was 0.81 for a 2‐month interval. Factor analysis of the combined pool of FAS and BDI items revealed two distinct factors that measure fatigue and depression as two separate constructs. Patients with stroke (15.3±7.6) and patients with CHF (16.5±7.9) reported similar levels of fatigue (P=.44). The level of fatigue in patients with stroke and patients with CHF was considerably higher than in healthy controls (9.2±5.6; P<.001). Using the healthy controls as a reference group, multivariable logistic regression revealed that patients with stroke were at six times greater risk (odds ratio (OR)=6.18, 95% confidence interval (CI)=3.31–11.55; P<.001) and patients with CHF were at eight times greater risk (OR=8.03; 95% CI=4.63–13.94; P<.001) for having fatigue symptoms.CONCLUSION: The FAS is an adequate measure of fatigue in patients with stroke. Levels of fatigue in patients with stroke are similar to levels in patients with CHF, emphasizing its clinical significance in stroke.
Female German cockroaches join conspecific groups based on the incidence of auditory cues
Authors: Wijenberg Rosanna , Takács Stephen , Cook Melissa , Gries Gerhard 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInsects deciding whether to approach and join a group of conspecifics may utilize olfactory and auditory signals, or cues, from that group as indicators of its size or the suitability of its shelter. Here we show (1) that German cockroaches,Blattella germanicaL. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), in groups wing‐fan; (2) that the incidence of wing‐fanning (WF) increases proportionately to group size; and (3) that gravid females utilize auditory cues associated with WF behaviour when they decide whether or not to enter a shelter. In binary choice arena bioassays, proportionately more gravid females avoided shelters associated with play‐back of high‐incidence male‐ or female‐produced WF sound, indicating a high‐density group of conspecifics, but sought shelters associated with play‐back of low‐incidence WF sound, indicating a low‐density group of conspecifics. These auditory cues seem to convey information on group size or density, avoid sensory fatigue in enclosed environments, and allow sonotactic orientation to the group's location.
Establishment and characterization of immortalized human gingival keratinocyte cell lines
Authors: Gröger S. , Michel J. , Meyle J. 
Published: September 2008

Background and Objective:  Primary human keratinocytes are used to analyze the properties of the oral epithelium and the early stages of oral bacterial infections. In vitro, these cells are characterized by their short life span and restricted availability. Approaches for culturing these cells will end after approximately 6–10 passages as a result of entry into apoptosis. For this reason, it is important to generate cell lines suitable for obtaining an unlimited source of cells. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to generate gingival keratinocyte cell lines and to compare their in vitro behaviour with those of primary human gingival keratinocytes.Material and Methods:  Primary human gingival keratinocytes were immortalized with a combination of the human papilloma virus onkoproteins E6 and E7. The pattern of the cytokeratins, involucrin and filaggrin was investigated by intracellular staining using flow cytometry. This method allows quantitative analysis of the expression of a variety of intracellular or extracellular markers.Results:  The immortalized cell lines showed many morphological similarities, expressing a cytokeratin pattern that is comparable with that of primary gingival keratinocytes. Furthermore, they developed transepithelial electrical resistance, which is a marker for the generation of tight junctions. These results indicate that the cells might be able to act as an epithelial barrier, reflecting the reaction of primary human cells.Conclusion:  The establishment of a continuous line of human gingival epithelial cells with functional characteristics of the epithelial barrier provides a valuable in vitro model for using to study the early steps of gingival/periodontal infections.
Effects of supplemental L‐methionine on E‐64 [trans‐epoxysuccinyl‐1‐leucyl‐amido (4‐guanido) butane]‐induced dysmorphology in rat embryos cultured in vitro
Authors: Yoshidome Kouichi , Kobae Hidehiko , Yamamoto Kimie , Sameshima Kiyoko , Miyata Koichiro , Kawano Yoshifumi 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACT E‐64 [trans‐epoxysuccinyl‐1‐leucylamido (4‐guanido) butane] is teratogenic, inducing a spectrum of malformations in vivo and producing similar effects in vitro. Numerous studies support the concept that E‐64‐induced malformations result from embryonic nutritional deficiency, without affecting the maternal nutritional status. This has provided a useful model with which to investigate the nutritional requirements of the early embryo, as well as the role of various nutrients in the etiology of congenital defects.In the current investigation, we examined effects of L‐methionine on E‐64‐induced embryotoxicity in vitro. For these experiments, we cultured rat embryos 9.5 days postconception (p.c.) for 48 hours with E‐64 and/or L‐methionine. We found that the addition of L‐methionine to E‐64‐exposed cultures reduced optic abnormality and increased embryo protein. These results suggest that embryopathy largely results from a deficiency of L‐methionine although E‐64 limits the supply of all amino acids to the embryo. Furthermore, although endocytosis and degradation of proteins by the visceral yolk sac (VYS) supply most amino acids to the embryo, free amino acids may be compensatory when this source is reduced. These results support those of previous investigations that suggest L‐methionine is a limiting nutrient for embryonic development.
The Role of Route of Vitamin E Administration on the Plasma Antioxidant Activity and Lipid Peroxidation in Newborn Calves
Authors: Mokhber‐Dezfouli Mohammad Reza , Rahimikia Edris , Asadi Farzad , Nadalian Mohammad Gholi 
Published: September 2008

Abstract:  The aim of our study was to evaluate plasma values of α‐tocopherol, malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidant activity after a single‐dose administration of vitamin E as intramuscular injection, oral supplementation and intramuscular injection plus oral supplementation at 4 hr after birth. Thirty calves were bled at birth and assigned to treatments as follows: control (n = 8), intramuscular injection (40 IU/kg, n = 7), oral supplementation (25 IU/kg, n = 7) and intramuscular injection (20 IU/kg) plus oral supplementation (12.5 IU/kg, n = 8). Blood was collected at 12 and 24 hr after birth and plasma α‐tocopherol, MDA and antioxidant activity values were determined. Results showed that no changes in MDA values were observed after oral administration (P > 0.05). However, antioxidant activity values showed an increase at both 12 (9.57 ± 0.65 mmol/l) and 24 hr (10.42 ± 0.54 mmol/l) after birth when compared to control (3.73 ± 0.75 mmol/l). Injection with or without oral supplementation increased serum antioxidant activity values at 12 (about 102%, 46%) and 24 hr (94%, 115%) after birth, when compared to control. In addition, MDA values were found to be lower in those animals receiving an injection of vitamin E or injection plus oral supplementation of vitamin E as compared to control at both time‐points (P < 0.001). Injection of vitamin E provided beneficial effects to plasma antioxidant activity and MDA values. Therefore, injection may be the best method of vitamin E administration in newborn calves for protecting them in the stressful postnatal condition.
Implementation and Evaluation of an Individualized Developmental Care Program in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Bredemeyer Sandie , Reid Shelley , Polverino Jan , Wocadlo Crista 
Published: September 2008

PURPOSE.  This study aims to detect differences in outcomes for very preterm infants after the introduction of developmental care in a neonatal nursery, and to evaluate the effect of developmental care on parental well‐being.DESIGN AND METHODS.  Prospective before and after cohort study of very preterm babies, with education for all staff between cohorts.RESULTS.  No significant differences were found between cohorts for short‐term outcomes for babies or parental anxiety levels or depression. All infants scored within normal temperament ranges at 4 months.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Developmental care is a safe practice model. The interdisciplinary study facilitated professional development and increased the knowledge of nurses.
The Effect of Kangaroo Care on Behavioral Responses to Pain of an Intramuscular Injection in Neonates
Authors: Kashaninia Zahra , Sajedi Firoozeh , Rahgozar Mehdi , Noghabi Fariba Asadi 
Published: September 2008

PURPOSE.  This study aims to assess the efficacy of Kangaroo Care (KC) on behavioral responses of term neonates to the pain of an intramuscular injection.DESIGN AND METHODS.  One hundred healthy term neonates were enrolled and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the neonate was held in KC for 10 min before the injection and remained in KC for the duration of the procedure. The primary outcome measure was the cumulative Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS) score immediately after injection.RESULTS.  The cumulative NIPS score immediately after injection in the intervention group was significantly lower (p < .001) than in the control group.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  KC given before injection seems to effectively decrease pain and should be considered for minor invasive procedures in neonates.
The Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Hill‐Rodriguez Deborah , Messmer Patricia R. , Williams Phoebe D. , Zeller Richard A. , Williams Arthur R. , Wood Maria , Henry Marianne 
Published: September 2008

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this descriptive study was to assess whether the Humpty Dumpty Falls Scale (HDFS) identifies hospitalized pediatric patients at high risk for falls.DESIGN AND METHODS.  The study was a matched case–control design. A chart review of 153 pediatric cases who fell and 153 controls who did not fall were pair‐matched by age, gender, and diagnosis.RESULTS.  High‐risk patients fell almost twice as often as low‐risk patients (odds ratio 1.87, confidence interval = 1.01, 3.53, p = .03).PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  A Falls Prevention Pediatric Program with the HDFS tool addresses the Joint Commission Patient Safety Goals, but further research is needed to examine HDFS sensitivity‐specificity.
Disc instabilities and semi-analytic modelling of galaxy formation
Authors: Athanassoula E. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The Efstathiou, Lake and Negroponte (1982) criterion cannot distinguish bar stable from bar unstable discs and thus should not be used in semi-analytic galaxy formation simulations. I discuss the reasons for this, illustrate it with examples and point out shortcomings in the recipes used for spheroid formation. I propose an alternative, although much less straightforward, possibility.
Four Myths about Subjective Well‐being
Authors: Lucas Richard E. , Dyrenforth Portia S. , Diener Ed 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSubjective well‐being is a broad construct that reflects an individual's subjective evaluation of the quality of his or her life. Psychologists know a great deal about the causes and correlates of well‐being, but some important misconceptions have developed and are often repeated. The purpose of this article is to address the evidence for four such misconceptions that we believe reflect ‘myths’ about subjective well‐being. These myths include the idea that well‐being measures are strongly influenced by irrelevant contextual factors, the idea that money is not an important correlate of well‐being, the idea that social relationship variables are a particularly strong correlate of well‐being, and the idea that well‐being cannot change.
Applying the Cognitive‐Affective Processing Systems Approach to Conceptualizing Rejection Sensitivity
Authors: Ayduk Özlem , Gyurak Anett 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Cognitive‐Affective Processing Systems or CAPS theory (Mischel & Shoda, 1995) was proposed to account for the processes that explain why and how people's behavior varies stably across situations. Research on Rejection Sensitivity is reviewed as a programmatic attempt to illustrate how personality dispositions can be studied within the CAPS framework. This research reveals an if ... then ... (e.g., if situation X, he does A, but if situation Y, he does B) pattern of rejection sensitivity such that high rejection sensitive people's goal to prevent rejection can lead to accommodating behavior; yet, the failure to achieve this goal can lead to aggression, reactivity, and lack of self‐concept clarity. These situation–behavior relations or personality signatures reflect a stable activation network of distinctive personality processing dynamics. These dynamics link fears and expectations of rejection, perceptions/attributions of rejection, and affective/behavioral overreactions to perceived rejection. Self‐regulatory and attentional mechanisms may interact with these dynamics as buffers against high rejection sensitivity, illustrating how multiple processes within a CAPS network play out in behavior.
Adult Attachment and Cognitive and Affective Reactions to Positive and Negative Events
Authors: Shaver Phillip R. , Mikulincer Mario 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe review theory and research concerning the relation between attachment style, measured in terms of the two dimensions of insecurity (attachment anxiety and avoidance) and emotions that arise in response to threats and dangers, relationship separations and losses, interpersonal offenses and transgressions, and positive personal and interpersonal events. The review indicates that attachment theory systematically organizes research findings associated with emotional appraisals, feelings, and expressions.
Accounting for Victimization: Social Constructionist Perspectives
Authors: Dunn Jennifer L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews research and theory on the social construction of victims and victimization. There are four areas of inquiry: victims’ self‐processes, the collaborative accomplishment of victimization, social problems claims‐making, and social movement framing. Scholars in each area take a symbolic interactionist perspective. Because victimization is potentially stigmatizing, much of this research and analysis draws on the literature on vocabularies of motive, aligning activities, and accounts. Literature on self‐processes examines how victims come to see themselves as victims and their situations as deviant. Often, when they try to establish their victim identities with others, they can be discredited or blamed if they do not meet expectations of typical victims. When people want to show that a social problem exists, they use images of victims to evoke sympathy and other emotions. Sometimes, collective identities may not be sympathetic, and also need to be managed, through the framing work of activists.
In Families or as Individuals? Theoretical and Methodological Problems in the Incorporation of Women in Class Analysis
Authors: Albright Karen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe issue of how to properly include women in class analysis has posed a significant problem for social scientists for the past 40 years. A lack of consensus on this issue has informed the debate regarding women's subjective class identification as well as that regarding their objective class location. The failure to resolve it highlights a deeper problem in the study of social class: an uncertainty regarding whether the proper unit of class analysis should be the family or the individual. This article discusses the theoretical and methodological problems in the study of women's class and suggests further development of the dynamic conception of class offered by an ‘individuals in families’ approach.
What has the ECRHS told us about the childhood risks of asthma, allergy and lung function?
Authors: Svanes C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFew studies investigate how environmental factors in childhood may influence adult respiratory health. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) is a longitudinal multi‐centre study of Western world adults, including retrospective assessment of early life factors.Analyses of the ECRHS showed both beneficial and harmful long‐term effects of childhood factors on adult asthma, allergy and lung function. Childhood pets were associated with less adult atopy and hay fever; beneficial effects were also indicated for growing up on a farm and for early exposure to other children. The findings have contributed to further development of the hygiene hypothesis and further understanding of the mechanisms relating microbial stimulation to allergy; however, the public health consequences may be limited. Harmful effects of early life factors on adult asthma and lung function were indicated for severe respiratory infections early in life, parental smoking and long‐term dog keeping. Intervention with regard to parental smoking and vaccination against common lower airways infections may improve respiratory health in the population.Thus, early life environment had permanent beneficial and adverse effects on adult respiratory health. The multi‐centre structure of the ECRHS, the large sample size, the extensive information about each participant and follow‐up until the age of 56 years, have given the basis for convincing conclusions, and made possible publication of unsuspected findings in spite of the problems related to adult recall of childhood events. The ECRHS have contributed substantially to increased knowledge about the early life origins of allergy and obstructive pulmonary disease, providing a basis for prevention.Please cite this paper as: Svanes C. What has the ECRHS told us about the childhood risks of asthma, allergy and lung function? The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 34–44.
Phenotypes of obstructive lung disease
Authors: Janson C. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecently, there has been much emphasis on the fact that there are many different phenotypes in asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this review is to investigate some aspects of phenotyping in these two diseases.Epidemiological studies show a quite different risk factor pattern in allergic and non‐allergic asthma. Several studies also indicated that there are pathophysiological differences between these two types of asthma: such as eosinophil inflammation in allergic and neutrophil predominance in non‐allergic asthma. Neutrophil inflammation may also be a marker of severe asthma. At least one study indicates that non‐allergic asthmatics are less responsive to inhaled corticosteroids than allergic asthmatics. Recently, it has been emphasized that COPD also has manifestations other than lung function decline and that this also needs to be taken into account in severity characterisation. Dyspnea, weight loss, psychological status and co‐morbidity are factors that seem to be of large prognostic importance independently of the level of airflow obstruction in COPD.Progress has been made in understanding how asthma develops, but effective measures for primary preventions is still lacking. Better phenotyping in asthma will hopefully enable us to make progress in this area. Phenotyping is also important for assessment of prognosis in both asthma and COPD.Please cite this paper as: Janson C. Phenotypes of obstructive lung disease. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2008; 2: 88–91.