bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Flue Gases from Stationary Sources
Authors: Gabrielsson Pär , Pedersen Henrik Guldberg 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Emissions from Stationary Sources

Drivers for Flue Gas Cleaning Technology

The
USA

E
urope

A
sia

C
hina

J
apan

NO

x

Removal Technologies

Nitrous Oxide (N
2
O)

Selective Catalytic Reduction (
SCR
)

SCR
Technology

SCR
Catalysts

Different Catalyst Types

Choice of Carrier

Optimization of Activity

The Effect of Increasing V
2
O
5
Loading

Activation Energy as a Function of Vanadium Content

The Effect of Co‐Oxides

SCR
Reaction Mechanism for Vanadium Catalysts: the Eley–Rideal Route

Global Kinetics

The Importance of
B
rønsted Acidity

The Influence of Reoxidation or
NO
2

The Influence of Gas Composition on Reaction Rate

The Influence of Water

The Influence of
O
2

Modeling

Definition of Different Model Types

Estimation of Interphase Mass Transfer

Intraporous Mass Transfer

Kinetic Expressions

The Feasibility of Different Models

Deactivation

Chemical Poisoning

Surface Fouling, Pore and Channel Clogging

Sintering

Catalyst Management and Regeneration

SCR
Catalyst Testing

Laboratory‐ and Bench‐Scale Testing

Pilot‐Scale Testing

Slip‐Stream Reactors

Full‐Scale Catalyst Testing

Gas Sampling and Analysis

Other Emissions

Sulfur Removal

The Wet Sulfuric Acid (
WSA
) Process and Combined
WSA
and
De
NO

x

(
SNOX
)

Hydrogen Sulfide

Carbon Monoxide

Carbon Dioxide

Hydrocarbons

Dioxins

Hg
Oxidation and Capture

Hg
Oxidation Thermodynamics

Hg
Removal from Coal‐Fired Power Plants

A
Conventional Flue Gas Cleaning Processes

B
Sorbent Injection, Coal Additives, and Coal Blending

Hg
Oxidation Mechanism and Catalysis

Alternative Processes

Multipollutant Processes

The
DESONOX
Process

Other Combined Processes

Catalytic Filters

New Technologies

Plasma‐Assisted Processes

Photocatalytic Processes
Solid Catalysts for the Oxidation of Volatile Organic Compounds
Authors: Spivey James J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Significance of the Problem

Applications of Catalytic Oxidation for
VOC
Control

Catalytic Oxidation

Scope of this Chapter

Reactors and Process Configurations for Catalytic Oxidation Systems

Reactors

Process Configurations

General Considerations

Specific Problems in Chlorinated
VOC
(
CVOC
) Oxidation

Catalyst Deactivation in
CVOC
Oxidation

Byproducts

Higher Temperatures

Mixture Effects

Deactivation

Noble Metal Catalysts

Pt
catalysts

Effect of Synthesis Conditions

Support Effects

Pt
‐Based Catalysts: Catalyst Deactivation

Pd
Catalysts

Effect of Reduction

Effect of Promoters

Pd
Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Metal Oxide Catalysts

Vanadium‐Based Catalysts

V
‐Based Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Ceria‐Based Catalysts

Manganese‐Based Catalysts

Mn
‐Based Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Effect of Water Vapor

Byproducts

Effect of Support Acidity

Chlorine Retention

Zeolite‐Supported
Mn
versus
Mn
Perovskites

Chromia‐Based Catalysts

Cr
‐Based Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Effect of Support

Deactivation

Copper‐Based Catalysts

Cu
‐Based Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Cobalt‐Based Catalysts

Co
‐Based Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Nickel‐Based Catalysts

Tungsten‐Based Catalysts

Uranium‐Based Catalysts

U
‐Based Catalysts:
CVOC
Oxidation

Kinetics

L
angmuir–
H
inshelwood (
L
–
H
) Models

M
ars–van
K
revelen (
M
–
v
K
) Model

Summary
Heterogeneous Catalysis in the Troposphere
Authors: Parmon Valentin M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

The Atmosphere as a Global Catalytic and Photocatalytic Reactor

Thermal Heterogeneous Catalytic Processes over Ice Particles, and Liquid and Solid Aerosols

Hydrolytic Reactions

Redox Reactions

Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Organic Compounds over Aerosols

Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Reactions in the Troposphere

Role of Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Processes in the Global Chemistry of the Atmosphere

Experimental Data on Photocatalytic Reactions of Atmospheric Components

Photocatalytic Reactions of the Main Atmospheric Components over Semiconductor Oxides

Photocatalytic Reactions of Trace Components of the Atmosphere over Semiconductor Oxides

Photocatalysis over Compounds with Wide Band Gaps

Photocatalysis by Dissolved Transition Metal Ions

Photogenerated Catalysis

Destructive Photoadsorption by Alkaline Earth Oxides

Role of Thermal Absorption and Adsorption in Tropospheric Catalysis and Photocatalysis

Conclusions
Hydrogen Sulfide to Sulfur (Claus Process)
Authors: Jüngst Eckhard , Nehb Wolfgang 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Occurrence of Hydrogen Sulfide

Hydrogen Sulfide Removal from Gases

History of the Claus Process

Chemistry of the Claus Process

Typical Claus Plant

Claus Catalysts

Desirable Properties of Claus Catalysts

Deactivation of Claus Catalysts

Classification of Claus Catalysts

Surface Reactions on a Claus Catalyst

Adsorption of Sulfur Dioxide

Adsorption of Hydrogen Sulfide

Adsorption of Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrogen Sulfide (Claus Reaction)

Typical Design of a Claus Reactor

Sulfur Recovery Increase

Claus and Oxygen Fit Together

Superclaus and Euroclaus Process

Tail Gas Treating Units
Müller–Rochow Synthesis: The Direct Process to Methylchlorosilanes
Authors: Kalchauer Wilfried , Pachaly Bernd 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFormation of MethylchlorosilanesReaction MechanismCopper CatalystPromoters and InhibitorsReactants and Raw MaterialsInfluence of Temperature and PressureApplications in the Silicones IndustryIndustrial ProcessParameters and Process ControlCourse of Production RunsByproduct Utilization and Waste TreatmentOutlook
Catalytic Decomposition of Energetic Compounds: Gas Generators and Propulsion1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chpater
Authors: Batonneau Yann , Kappenstein Charles J. , Keim Wilhelm 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionEnergetic CompoundsPropellantsGas generatorsExplosive MaterialsIgnition systemsScope of the Chapter, and Literature DataUnitsSome Propulsion ElementsA Short Introduction to Propulsion TheoryComparison of Propulsion Types and PropellantsPropulsion System TypesPropellantsAdvantages of Catalytic PropulsionA Brief History of Rocketry and Catalytic PropulsionThe Current Supremacy of HydrazineIntroductionCatalystsHeterogeneous Catalysis: General StudiesMechanistic ConsiderationsALiterature OverviewBThermodynamic DataCIsotope‐Related StudiesDSingle‐Crystal StudiesECatalytic Cycle ProposalsIridium‐Based Industrial CatalystsAShell 405 Catalyst (USA)BKaliChemieKC12GACatalyst (Germany)CCnesro Catalyst (France)DGIPKhCatalysts (formerUSSR)New Hydrazine Decomposition CatalystsHomogeneous Catalysis and Coordination Chemistry of HydrazineApplications of Hydrazine Catalytic DecompositionGas GeneratorsUse in Fuel CellsCorrosion ProtectionDrawbacks of Hydrazine“Green” Propellants as Hydrazine ReplacementsIntroductionEnergetic Aqueous Ionic LiquidsThermal DecompositionCatalytic Decomposition ofHAN,ADN, andHNFAHydroxyl Ammonium Nitrate (HAN)BHydrazinium NitroFormate (HNF)CAmmonium DiNitramide (ADN)Development of Tools for Catalyst EvaluationThe Comeback of Hydrogen PeroxideIntroductionThermal and Catalytic DecompositionCatalysts for Monopropellant EnginesKinetic Rate of DecompositionHybrid EngineHypergolic Bipropellant EngineEffect of Stabilizers on Catalytic DecompositionNitrous Oxide (N2O) for Monopropellant Engines or Hybrid EnginesIntroductionCatalystsUse of N2O as a MonopropellantUse of N2O for Hybrid EngineFuture Prospective Applications of Catalytic PropulsionNew Energetic LiquidsCatalysts for Air‐Breathing Supersonic or Hypersonic JetsCatalysts for Pulse Detonating EngineIgnition of Gaseous Hydrogen–Oxygen MixturesGas Generator to Power Micropumps through Small TurbinesConclusion: A Biological System using H2O2Decomposition for Tactical DefenseAcknowledgement
Steam Reforming1A list of abbreviations/acronyms used in the text is provided at the end of the chapter.
Authors: Rostrup‐Nielsen Jens Richard 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Reactions

Thermodynamics

Applications

Industrial Developments

The Reforming Process

The Tubular Reformer

Convective Reformers

Reforming Rates and New Reformer Concepts

Catalysts

Catalyst Activity

Non‐Metal Catalysts

Kinetics

Industrial Catalysts

Major Catalyst Problems

Sintering

Sulfur Poisoning

Carbon Formation

Catalyst Promotion

The Active Site

Step Sites

Carbon Formation

Blockage of Step Sites

Geometric and Electronic Effects
Water Gas Shift and
COS
Removal
Authors: Hinrichsen Kai‐Olaf , Kochloefl Karl , Muhler Martin 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Thermodynamics

High‐Temperature Shift (
HTS
)

Fe

Cr
Catalysts

Kinetics and Mechanism

Industrial Realization

Co

Cr
Catalysts

Chromium‐Free Catalysts

Low‐Temperature Shift (
LTS
)

Copper Catalysts

Kinetics and Mechanism

Industrial Realization

“Sour Gas” Shift

Molybdenum Catalysts

Kinetics and Mechanism

Industrial Realization

COS
Removal

Thermodynamics

Catalysts

Kinetics and Mechanism

Industrial Realization

WGS
over Supported Noble Metals

Platinum Catalysts

Gold Catalysts
Gas‐to‐Liquids
Authors: Remans Tom J. , Jenzer Gregor , Hoek Arend 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroduction toGTLBasic Steps inGTLSynthesis Gas Production and PurificationPurification of Natural GasSulfur RemovalHydrocarbon RemovalTrace Components RemovalPresent Syngas Generation TechnologiesNon‐catalytic Partial Oxidation (POX)Autothermal Reforming (ATR)DevelopmentsPurification of SyngasFischer–Tropsch ReactionReactor TypesCatalystsActive MetalsCarriersPromotersReaction Mechanisms and KineticsCatalyst PoisonsSulfur CompoundsOthersMild HydrocrackingProcess DescriptionCatalystsCompositionOther RequirementsReaction MechanismReactorProductsLPGNaphthaKeroseneBase OilsGas OilChallenges inGTL,CTLandBTL
Oxidative Coupling of Methane
Authors: Kondratenko Evgenii V. , Baerns Manfred 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Fundamentals of the
OCM
Reaction

Catalytic Materials and Their Performance

Mechanistic Aspects

Oxygen Species in the
OCM
Reaction

Structural Defects and Related Physicochemical Properties

New Approaches in Catalyst Design

Reaction and Process Engineering

Chemical Kinetics

Modeling, Simulation and Performance of Catalytic Reactors

Distributed Oxygen Supply to a Catalytic Fixed‐Bed Reactor

Counter‐Current Moving‐Bed Reactor

Fluidized‐Bed Reactors

Membrane Reactors

Process Concepts

Conclusion
Catalysis in Direct Coal Liquefaction
Authors: Haenel Matthias W. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Coal Structure

Organic Structure

Inorganic Structure

Physical Structure

Fundamental Transformations in Direct Coal Liquefaction

Coal Properties

Primary Liquefaction Products

Solvent

Catalysis in Direct Coal Liquefaction

Dissolution Catalysts in the First Liquefaction Stage

Supported Catalysts

Dissolved Catalysts

Perspectives for Direct Coal Liquefaction
Fuel Processors
Authors: Peters Ralf 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionEnergy Carriers for Fuel CellsThermodynamic CalculationsReforming Processes for Hydrogen ProductionThermodynamic Equilibrium CalculationsCarbon Formation and DepositionFuel Pre‐ProcessingRemoval of Harmful Species from Methanol and WaterDesulfurizationEvaporation of Liquid FuelsMethanol Steam ReformingCatalysts for Methanol Steam ReformingReaction Path of Methanol Steam Reforming onCu/ZnOCatalystsActive Sites ofCu/ZnOCatalystsPd/ZnOCatalystsKinetics of Methanol Steam ReformingReformer Design Based on Laboratory‐Scale ExperimentsExample of Methanol Steam Reformer DevelopmentAutothermal Reforming of Gasoline and DieselInternal Steam Reforming of Methane forSOFCSystemsGas Treatment forPEFCSystemsWater‐Gas Shift ReactionCOFine CleaningAH2Separation MembranesBPreferentialCOOxidationCSelectiveCOMethanationCatalytic Combustion of Fuel Cell Tail GasesComponent and System DesignHeat Exchanger NetworksInnovative Reactor ConceptsDynamic System ModelingOutlookAcknowledgments
Aromatization of Light Alkanes
Authors: O'Connor Cyril T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionThermodynamics of Alkane AromatizationCatalystsGa/HZSM‐5Pt/KLOther Catalysts for Alkane AromatizationAromatization of Alkanes in the RangeC3C8Aromatization of PropaneAromatization of EthaneAromatization of ButaneAromatization of HexaneAromatization of Pentanes, Heptanes and OctanesCommercial Applications of Aromatization of Light AlkanesConclusion
Ring Opening of Aromatics
Authors: Weitkamp Jens 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionFundamentals of Hydrodecyclization of CycloalkanesHydrogenolysis on MetalsHydrocracking on Bifunctional CatalystsCracking and Activation of Hydrogen on Monofunctional Acidic CatalystsRing Opening of Aromatics in Diesel and Jet FuelsBifunctional CatalystsMetal CatalystsAcid CatalystsRing Opening of Aromatics in Gasoline Without Degradation of the Carbon NumberRing Opening of Aromatics in Pyrolysis Gasoline Followed by Hydrocracking into a Synthetic Steam‐Cracker FeedHydrodecyclization and Hydrocracking of Cycloalkanes on Acid ZeolitesDirect Ring Opening of Aromatics on Bifunctional ZeolitesConclusionsAcknowledgments
Alkylation of Aromatics
Authors: Clark Michael C. , Smith C. Morris , Stern David L. , Beck Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Alkylation of Benzenes, Phenols and Anilines

Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylbenzenes

General Aspects

A
Mechanistic Considerations

B
Kinetic Considerations

C
Substrate Selectivity

D
Positional Selectivity

E
Depolyalkylation

F
Monoalkylation and Polyalkylation

Commercial Processes

A
Ethylbenzene

B
Isopropylbenzene

C
Ethyltoluene

D
Isopropyltoluene

E
Diisopropylbenzene

F
Higher Alkylbenzenes

Base‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Alkylbenzenes

General Aspects

Synthesis of Styrene from Toluene with Methanol

Isobutylbenzene

tert
‐Amylbenzene

Butenylation of Alkylaromatics

Alkylphenols

Methylphenols

Higher Alkylphenols

Alkylanilines

Alkylation of Binuclear Aromatics

Alkylation of Naphthalene

Alkylation of Biphenyl

Conclusions
Isomerization and Transalkylation of Alkylaromatics
Authors: Stern David L. , Brown Stephen H. , Beck Jeffrey S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionCatalystsCatalyst Acid StrengthCatalyst StructureShape Selectivity and Diffusional RestrictionXylenesAromatic Feedstocks and Reformate SeparationsXylene SeparationsToluene Conversion to BenzeneXylene IsomerizationFundamentals of Xylene IsomerizationEthylbenzene Conversion in Xylene Isomerization ProcessesEthylbenzene Hydrocracking Processes in Xylene IsomerizationEthylbenzene Hydroisomerization Processes in Xylene IsomerizationEthylbenzene Disproportionation Processes in Xylene IsomerizationMethylaromatics TransalkylationFundamental Aspects of Methylaromatics TransalkylationMethylaromatics Transalkylation Catalysts and Process ChemistryMethylaromatics Transalkylation ProcessesSelective Toluene Disproportionation (STDP)Shape Selectivity inSTDPSelective Toluene Disproportionation ProcessesEthylbenzene and Cumene TransalkylationCatalysts for Ethylbenzene and Cumene TransalkylationFeeds and Products of Ethylbenzene and Cumene TransalkylationEthylbenzene and Cumene Transalkylation Processesp‐DiethylbenzeneDiisopropylbenzeneMechanisms of Aromatic TransformationsRelative Reactivity of AlkylaromaticsInitiation of Alkylaromatic Conversion ChemistryUnimolecular Aromatic Conversion ChemistryBimolecular Aromatic Conversion ChemistryProcess Implications of Alkylaromatic Transformation MechanismsXylene IsomerizationConversion of Ethylbenzene to XylenesMethylaromatic TransalkylationEthylbenzene Disproportionation to DiethylbenzeneMethylnaphthalene and Dimethylnaphthalene Isomerization and TransalkylationOlefin Reactivity and Coking in Transformations of AlkylaromaticsLight and Heavy Product Distributions in Selective Toluene Disproportionation (STDP)Byproduct Formation in Ethylbenzene and Cumene TransalkylationCatalyst CokingConclusions
Dehydrogenation of Alcohols: Formaldehyde
Authors: Dai Weilin , Ren Liping 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Direct Dehydrogenation of Methanol to Formaldehyde

Silver‐Containing Catalysts

Copper‐Containing Catalysts

Zinc‐Containing Catalysts

Other Catalysts

Industrial Applications
Oxyfunctionalization of Alkanes
Authors: Schunk Stephan Andreas 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionAnalyzing the Challenge of Heterogeneously Catalyzed Alkane OxidationAnalysis on a Microscopic Basis of the Critical Steps of Paraffin Oxidation Utilizing Solid Catalysts Utilizing Solid CatalystsAActivation of Oxygen and ParaffinBModels for the Active SiteCThe Role ofCo‐Feeds in the Educt StreamDThe Role of the Crystalline Nature and the Admixture of Different Crystalline Phases for the CatalystEThe Role of the Acid–Base Interaction of Reactant and CatalystAnalysis of the Technical Challenges of Paraffin Oxidation Utilizing Solid CatalystsConversion of Butane to Maleic Anhydride: An Overview of a Mature TechnologyManufacturing Technologies forMAfromn‐ButaneTheVPO‐Catalyst: Structural Basis and Synthetic PathwaysTheVPO‐Catalyst: Reaction Pathways and Potential Active Sites of the CatalystPropane Oxidation to Acrylic Acid and Acrylonitrile: Getting Closer to a Technical SolutionRutile‐Based Structures for Selective Propane OxidationComplex Bronze Structures Based on Molybdenum for Selective Propane OxidationEthane to Acetic Acid: The Search for a Viable PathwayOutlookAcknowledgments
Acetoxylation of Ethylene
Authors: Schunk Stephan Andreas , de Oliveira Armin Lange 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

History of the Process and Overview of Related Technologies

The
B
ayer Process

Early Developments: The Liquid Phase Route to Vinyl Acetate

The
B
ayer Process: Process and Catalyst

A
Description of the
B
ayer Process

B
Description of the Catalyst Employed in the
B
ayer Process

Steps Towards Process Intensification: The
BP
Processes

A Schematic Overview of the Fluid‐Bed
BP
Process to Vinyl Acetate

The Catalyst System Used in the Fluid‐Bed
BP
Process to Vinyl Acetate

One Step Further: Vinyl Acetate from Ethylene or Ethane in an Integrated Process Scheme

A Structural Insight into the Catalyst System

Palladium Catalysts

Palladium–Gold Catalysts

Palladium Catalysts in Related Acetoxylation Reactions

A Mechanistic Insight into the Gas‐Phase Acetoxylation of Ethylene

Acetoxylation of Ethylene in Supported Liquid Phase

Rate Laws for the Acetoxylation of Ethylene

Reaction Mechanisms for the Acetoxylation of Ethylene in the Gas Phase

Beyond Ethylene Acetoxylation: Reaction Mechanisms for the Acetoxylation of Related Substrates

Mechanisms Effective in the Homogeneous Liquid‐Phase Acetoxylation of Ethylene

Conclusions and Outlook

Acknowledgments
Oxidation of Low‐Molecular‐Weight Hydrocarbons
Authors: Grasselli Robert K. , Burrington James D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionOxidation of Propylene to Acrolein and Acrylic AcidGeneralActive Phases and Reaction MechanismOxidation of Propane to Acrylic AcidIntroductionTheMoVNbTeOCatalyst SystemReaction Mechanism overMoVNbTeOCatalystsFuture ApproachesEpoxidation of Propene to Propene OxideOxidation of Isobutene to Methacrolein and Methacrylic AcidOxidation of Isobutane to Methacrylic AcidAcknowledgments
Ammoxidation
Authors: Grasselli Robert K. , Tenhover Michael A. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionAmmoxidation of AlkenesGeneralPropene Ammoxidation to AcrylonitrileTheSOHIOAcrylonitrile ProcessKey Catalytic FunctionalitiesRole of Lattice Oxygen‐Catalyst as Redox SolidGeneralized Mechanism of Alkene AmmoxidationBifunctional Nature of Active SitesAmmoxidation Mechanism (Molybdates, Antimonates)Molybdate CatalystsMulticomponent MolybdatesRole of Excess MolybdenumCommercial Molybdate CatalystsAntimonate CatalystsRole of Excess AntimonyCommercial Antimony CatalystsAmmoxidation of Substituted AlkenesIsobutene Ammoxidation to Methacrylonitrileα‐Methylstyrene Ammoxidation to AtroponitrileAmmoxidation of AlkanesStructure ofMoVNbTeOCatalystsSymbiosis betweenM1andM2PhasesReaction Network and MechanismFuture ResearchAmmoxidation of AromaticsToluene Ammoxidation to BenzonitrileXylene Ammoxidation to Corresponding Mono‐ and Di‐nitrilesAmmoxidation of Heteroaromatics3‐Methylpyridine Ammoxidation to NicotinonitrileAmmoxidation of 4‐Methylthiazole to 4‐CyanothiazoleAcknowledgments
Ammoximation
Authors: Grasselli Robert K. , Trifirò Ferruccio , Forni Laura 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Cyclohexanone Ammoximation to Cyclohexanone Oxime

Vapor‐Phase Ammoximation with
O
2

Liquid‐Phase Ammoximation with
O
2

Liquid‐Phase Ammoximation with H
2
O
2
Oxidation of Alcohols with Molecular Oxygen
Authors: Mallat Tamas , Baiker Alfons 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Oxidation in the Gas Phase

Metals

Oxides

Phosphates

Zeolites

Oxidation in the Liquid Phase

Platinum‐Group Metals

Gold

Oxides

Molecular Sieves

Hydrotalcites

Phosphates and Apatites

Heterogenized Metal Complexes

Summary
Phenol Hydroxylation and Related Oxidations
Authors: Bellussi Giuseppe , Perego Carlo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Early Industrial Processes for Dihydroxybenzenes

Phenol Hydroxylation with H
2
O
2
: Homogeneous Catalysis

Phenol Hydroxylation with H
2
O
2
: Heterogeneous Catalysis

The
E
ni
C
hem Synthesis Process

TS
‐1 Catalyst and Reaction Mechanism

Phenol Hydroxylation with N
2
O

Conclusions
Acylation of Aromatics
Authors: Kouwenhoven Herman W. , van Bekkum Herman 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionZeolite‐Catalyzed Acylation of AromaticsAcylation of AlkylbenzenesAcylation of NaphthaleneAcylation of Aromatic EthersAcylation of Phenols and Fries RearrangementRing Closure to Coumarin DerivativesAcylation of HeteroarenesOrdered Mesoporous Materials as Catalysts in Aromatics AcylationSulfated Zirconium Oxide CatalystsHeteropolyacid CatalystsActivated ClaysNafion®‐Type MaterialsConclusions
Chiral Surfaces and Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Mallat Tamas , Diezi Simon , Baiker Alfons 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionApproaches to Induce Enantioselectivity at SurfacesIntrinsically Chiral SurfacesPreparation of a Chiral Solid in the Presence of a Chiral AuxiliaryMetal on a Chiral SupportChirally Modified SurfacesChiral Reconstruction of an Achiral SurfaceChirally Modified Metals: Application Range and MechanismPlatinumAApplication RangeBChiral ModifiersCMechanistic IdeasDKinetics and the Role of Side ReactionsEInversion of EnantioselectivityFThe Non‐Linear PhenomenonPalladiumAα,β‐Unsaturated KetonesBα,β‐Unsaturated and Heteroaromatic Carboxylic Acids and EstersC2‐PyronesIridium, Rhodium, and RutheniumNickelACatalyst Preparation, Application RangeBMechanistic ConsiderationsSummary and Outlook