bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Temporally‐resolved inkjet drop impaction on surfaces
Authors: Dong Hongming , Carr Wallace W. , Bucknall David G. , Morris Jeffrey F. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractImpaction on smooth solid substrates of drops formed by the drop‐on‐demand (DOD) method was investigated over a wide range of impaction speeds (U0 = 2.21–12.2 m/s), surface contact angles (θ = 6–107°), and drop diameters (D0 = 40.8–50.5 μm). The experimental results were compared with several existing equations for predicting maximum spreading. The dimensionless time to reach maximum spreading ratio, scaled by D0/U0, ranged from 0.6 to 2.99, depending on Weber number and contact angle. Micron and millimeter drop impactions were compared, and the results indicate that scaling based on three dimensionless numbers (We, Re or Oh, and cos θ) is valid, but spreading ratios of millimeter drops are usually slightly larger during the whole process. The difference is ascribed mainly to the effect of gravity. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Modified wheat gluten as a binder in particleboard made from reed
Authors: El‐Wakil Nahla A. , Abou‐Zeid Ragab E. , Fahmy Yehia , Mohamed A. Y. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the utilization of reed in environmental friendly high‐density particleboard, modified wheat gluten was used with urea‐formaldehyde as a binder in different ratios, applying the optimum conditions obtained on using UF resin alone. The scanning electron microscopy of the reed fibers showed that the fibers are cylindrical in shape, which helps in enhancing the adhesion between the binder and the inner and outer surfaces of the fibers. The dependence of the mechanical properties (modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and the internal bond) and the physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) on the urea‐formaldehyde/modified gluten ratios was studied. Addition of 1% and 2% boric acid as a fungicide to the binder mixture resulted in no significant change in the mechanical properties and slight improvement in the physical properties of the produced particleboard. Thermogravimetric analyses of selected samples were done to study the thermal stability of the particleboard bonded with the modified binder with and without boric acid. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Experimental study on dielectric relaxation in alfa fiber reinforced epoxy composites
Authors: Arous M. , Amor I. Ben , Boufi S. , Kallel A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractInvestigation on dielectric properties and behavior of thermoset epoxy composite based on cellulosic fibers has been carried on. Dielectric spectra were measured in the frequency range 0.1 Hz–100 kHz and at temperature intervals from ambient to 200°C. For the composite, four relaxations processes were identified, namely the orientation polarization imputed to the presence of polar water molecules in Alfa fiber, the α mode relaxation associated with the glass transition of the epoxy resin matrix, the relaxation process associated with conductivity occurring as a result the carriers charges diffusion noted for high temperature above glass transition and low frequencies, and interfacial or Maxwell‐Wagner‐Sillars relaxation that is attributable to the accumulation of charges at the Alfa fibers/epoxy resin interfaces. Dielectric relaxation analysis revealed evolution in water relaxation and it is thus concluded that the chemical treatment of the fiber can strongly influence the dielectrical properties and interfacial polarization processes in composites. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Epoxylsilane crosslinking of rigid poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Li Lanjun , He Bobing , Chen Xian 
Published: August 2007

AbstractCrosslinking is an effective way to improve the qualities of poly(vinyl chloride). A crosslinking system consisting of R‐glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) has been first used to introduce crosslinking into rigid poly(vinyl chloride). Different thermal stabilizers (organotin, Ca/Zn stearate, and Ba/Zn stearate) as well as sodium bisulfite additive were tried to promote the grafting of epoxyl group and enhance the degree of crosslinking. FTIR spectra showed that grafting and crosslinking of KH560 with poly(vinyl chloride) could take place, and a gel content of 40% could be obtained when more than 10 phr epoxylsilanes were used in the condition of 2 : 1 (parts by weight) ratio of BaSt2/ZnSt2 and 1 : 1M ratio of NaHSO3/KH560, while the premature crosslinking was avoided. Thermal properties had been studied. The results showed that the Vicat softening temperature of crosslinked PVC could be improved about 10°C when 5 phr epoxylsilane was added, and thermal degradation could be delayed with increase in gel content. Therefore, epoxylsilane‐crosslinked PVC will have the potential for extensive applications © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Biologic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and the risk of malignancy: Analyses from a large US observational study
Authors: Wolfe Frederick , Michaud Kaleb 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveInduction of malignancy is a major concern when rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is treated with biologic therapy. A meta‐analysis of RA biologic clinical trials found a general increased risk of malignancy, but this risk was not found in a large observational study. We undertook this study to assess the risk of malignancy among biologic‐treated patients in a large US observational database.MethodsWe studied incident cases of cancer among 13,001 patients during ∼49,000 patient‐years of observation in the years 1998–2005. Cancer rates were compared with population rates using the US National Cancer Institute SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End‐Results) database. Assessment of the risk of biologic therapy utilized conditional logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) as estimates of the relative risk, further adjusted for 6 confounders: age, sex, education level, smoking history, RA severity, and prednisone use.ResultsBiologic exposure was 49%. There were 623 incident cases of nonmelanotic skin cancer and 537 other cancers. The standardized incidence ratios and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) compared with SEER data were as follows: all cancers 1.0 (1.0–1.1), breast 0.8 (0.6–0.9), colon 0.5 (0.4–0.6), lung 1.2 (1.0–1.4), lymphoma 1.7 (1.3–2.2). Biologics were associated with an increased risk of nonmelanotic skin cancer (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.8) and melanoma (OR 2.3, 95% CI 0.9–5.4). No other malignancy was associated with biologic use; the OR (overall risk) of any cancer was 1.0 (95% CI 0.8–1.2).ConclusionBiologic therapy is associated with increased risk for skin cancers, but not for solid tumors or lymphoproliferative malignancies. These associations were consistent across different biologic therapies.
Comparison of ROC Umbrella Volumes with an Application to the Assessment of Lung Cancer Diagnostic Markers
Authors: Alonzo Todd A. , Nakas Christos T. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractReceiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis is widely used to assess the ability of diagnostic markers to correctly classify into one of two disease classes. ROC surfaces and umbrella surfaces generalize the utility of ROC analysis when there are three disease classes. Identification of lung cancer diagnostic markers is an active area of research since prognosis for those diagnosed with lung cancer is so poor and there is not an accurate method for early detection of lung cancer. A study conducted for the assessment of DNA methylation markers motivated the comparison of ROC umbrella surfaces which is developed in this article using U‐statistics and bootstrap methodology. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Blinded Sample Size Reestimation in Non‐Inferiority Trials with Binary Endpoints
Authors: Friede Tim , Mitchell Charles , Müller‐Velten Günther 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSample size calculations in the planning of clinical trials depend on good estimates of the model parameters involved. When the estimates of these parameters have a high degree of uncertainty attached to them, it is advantageous to reestimate the sample size after an internal pilot study. For non‐inferiority trials with binary outcome we compare the performance of Type I error rate and power between fixed‐size designs and designs with sample size reestimation. The latter design shows itself to be effective in correcting sample size and power of the tests when misspecification of nuisance parameters occurs with the former design. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Testing and Estimating the Non‐Disjunction Fraction in Meiosis I using Reference Priors
Authors: Loschi Rosangela H. , Monteiro João V. D. , Rocha Gustavo H. M. A. , Mayrink Vinicius D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this paper we analyze the fraction of non‐disjunction in Meiosis I assuming reference (non‐informative) priors. We consider Jeffreys's approach to built a non‐informative prior (Jeffreys's prior) for the fraction of non‐disjunction in Meiosis I. We prove that Jeffreys's prior is a proper distribution. We perform Monte Carlo studies in order to compare Bayes estimates obtained assuming Jeffreys's and uniform priors. We consider full Bayesian significance test (FBST) and Bayes factor (BF) for testing precise hypothesis on the fraction of non‐disjunction in Meiosis I. The ultimate goal of this paper is to compare these two test procedures through simulation studies using both prior specifications. An application to Down Syndrome data is also presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High Pressure for Dispersing and Deagglomerating Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Sauter C. , Schuchmann H. P. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractDispersing particles in a solution is a key requirement for a great variety of industrial products and processes, including pigments in coating applications or fillers in polymers. To be highly functional in the finished product, nanoparticles are required to be finely and homogeneously dispersed. As nanoparticles are often highly aggregated due to van der Waals interactions and sintering bonds, high stresses must be exerted on the constituent particles. High pressure dispersion is a promising new technology for deagglomerating and reducing process time and energy. Taking account of the influence of different mechanisms causing aggregate disruption, homogenizing pressure and nozzle geometry are the key process parameters. Therefore, adapting the nozzle geometry can lead to a targeted improvement of dispersion efficiency.
α‐Phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone‐Type Derivatives Bound to β‐Cyclodextrins: Syntheses, Thermokinetics of Self‐Inclusion and Application to Superoxide Spin‐Trapping
Authors: Bardelang David , Charles Laurence , Finet Jean‐Pierre , Jicsinszky Laszlo , Karoui Hakim , Marque Sylvain R. A. , Monnier Valérie , Rockenbauer Antal , Rosas Roseline , Tordo Paul 
Published: August 2007

Abstractα‐Phenyl‐N‐tert‐butylnitrone (PBN) derivatives bound to β‐cyclodextrin derivatives have been synthesized. Inclusion of the PBN group into the β‐cyclodextrin moiety is host‐ and temperature‐dependent. In the case of the nitrone linked to permethylated cyclodextrin (Me3CD‐PBN), the thermokinetic parameters are in favour of a slow chemical exchange between a tight and a loose complex. In contrast, 2,6‐di‐O‐Me‐β‐cyclodextrin‐grafted PBN (Me2CD‐PBN) exists either in a fast exchange or as a strongly self‐associated complex. The covalent cyclodextrin–PBN compounds have been used to trap carbon and oxygen‐centred free radicals. The self‐associated forms of the β‐CD‐spin‐traps are compatible with effective spin‐trapping, affording spin‐adducts with enhanced EPR signal intensities relative to noncovalent CD–nitrone systems or the nitrone alone. This kind of cyclodextrin‐bound nitrone is the first type of covalent supramolecular spin‐trap and should open new possibilities for the study of biological free radicals in vivo.
Expression of the homeodomain transcription factor Meis2 in the embryonic and postnatal retina
Authors: Bumsted‐O'Brien Keely M. , Hendrickson Anita , Haverkamp Silke , Ashery‐Padan Ruth , Schulte Dorothea 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMembers of the Meis subfamily of homeodomain‐containing transcription factors play important roles during development and disease. Here we report that the Meis family protein Meis2 is expressed by a subpopulation of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic amacrine (AM) cells in the adult and embryonic retina of different vertebrate species. In mice, Meis2‐expressing (Meis2+) AM cells are not cholinergic or dopaminergic, but some are immunoreactive for neuronal nitric oxide synthase (bNOS). About 50% of the mouse Meis2+ AM cell population expresses the calcium‐binding protein calretinin, and some Meis2+ AM cells show characteristics of Type II CD‐15+ cells. AM cell expression of Meis2 is lost in a conditional knockout mouse model for Pax6, indicating a dependency upon Pax6. Bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling experiments and immunohistochemical staining for the neuronal marker NeuN in embryonic mouse retinae indicate that Meis2 is an early marker for newly postmitotic AM cells. In addition, taking advantage of the protracted retinal development in humans, we show that newly generated AM cells express Meis2 before adopting the GABAergic or glycinergic neurotransmitter phenotype. As development proceeds, some AM cells lose Meis2 expression concomitantly with the appearance of glycine, while other AM cells retain Meis2 expression after they express GABA. These data identify Meis2 as a suitable marker for the study of AM cell diversity and development in addition to providing evidence for the stepwise specification of the glycinergic and GABAergic neurotransmitter phenotypes during AM cell differentiation. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:58–72, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glutamate and its metabotropic receptor in Drosophila clock neuron circuits
Authors: Hamasaka Yasutaka , Rieger Dirk , Parmentier Marie‐Laure , Grau Yves , Helfrich‐Förster Charlotte , Nässel Dick R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIdentification of the neurotransmitters in clock neurons is critical for understanding the circuitry of the neuronal network that controls the daily behavioral rhythms in Drosophila. Except for the neuropeptide pigment‐dispersing factor, no neurotransmitters have been clearly identified in the Drosophila clock neurons. Here we show that glutamate and its metabotropic receptor, DmGluRA, are components of the clock circuitry and modulate the rhythmic behavior pattern of Drosophila. The dorsal clock neurons, DN1s in the larval brain and some DN1s and DN3s in the adult brain, were immunolabeled with antibodies against Drosophila vesicular glutamate transporter (DvGluT), suggesting that they are glutamatergic. Because the DN1s may communicate with the primary pacemaker neurons, s‐LNvs, we tested glutamate responses of dissociated larval s‐LNvs by means of calcium imaging. Application of glutamate dose dependently decreased intracellular calcium in the s‐LNvs. Pharmacology of the response suggests the presence of DmGluRA on the s‐LNvs. Antibodies against DmGluRA labeled dissociated s‐LNvs and the LNv dendrites in the intact larval and adult brain. The role of metabotropic glutamate signaling was tested in behavior assays in transgenic larvae and flies with altered DmGluRA expression in the LNvs and other clock neurons. Larval photophobic behavior was enhanced in DmGluRA mutants. For adults, we could induce altered activity patterns in the dark phase under LD conditions and increase the period during constant darkness by knockdown of DmGluRA expression in LNvs. Our results suggest that a glutamate signal from some of the DNs modulates the rhythmic behavior pattern via DmGluRA on the LNvs in Drosophila. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:32–45, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) signaling components in Drosophila: Immunocytochemical localization of GABAB receptors in relation to the GABAA receptor subunit RDL and a vesicular GABA transporter
Authors: Enell Lina , Hamasaka Yasutaka , Kolodziejczyk Agata , Nässel Dick R. 
Published: August 2007

Abstractγ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in insects and is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). GABA acts on ion channel receptors (GABAAR) for fast inhibitory transmission and on G‐protein‐coupled ones (GABABR) for slow and modulatory action. We used immunocytochemistry to map GABABR sites in the Drosophila CNS and compared the distribution with that of the GABAAR subunit RDL. To identify GABAergic synapses, we raised an antiserum to the vesicular GABA transporter (vGAT). For general GABA distribution, we utilized an antiserum to glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD1) and a gad1‐GAL4 to drive green fluorescent protein. GABABR‐immunoreactive (IR) punctates were seen in specific patterns in all major neuropils of the brain. Most abundant labeling was seen in the mushroom body calyces, ellipsoid body, optic lobe neuropils, and antennal lobes. The RDL distribution is very similar to that of GABABR‐IR punctates. However, the mushroom body lobes displayed RDL‐IR but not GABABR‐IR material, and there were subtle differences in other areas. The vGAT antiserum labeled punctates in the same areas as the GABABR and appeared to display presynaptic sites of GABAergic neurons. Various GAL4 drivers were used to analyze the relation between GABABR distribution and identified neurons in adults and larvae. Our findings suggest that slow GABA transmission is very widespread in the Drosophila CNS and that fast RDL‐mediated transmission generally occurs at the same sites. J. Comp. Neurol. 505:18–31, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Numerical analysis for dynamic transmissibility of a mixed nonlinear shock absorber
Authors: Yang Ping 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to present a systematic numerical analysis for a mixed nonlinear model of shock absorber under vibration excitation. The mixed nonlinear model is presented for attenuating vibration by considering the coupling of quadratic damping, viscosity damping, Coulomb damping and nonlinear spring forces. An approximate computational analytical solution for the dynamic transmissibility of the shock absorber was deduced by combining Fourier transforms and the harmonic balance method with deterministic excitation. The mathematical characteristics of the dynamic transmissibility were analyzed to illustrate the dynamic performance of the shock absorber. The results show multiple solutions, especially the low‐frequency attenuation characteristics below the resonance frequency. The results
provide a theoretical basis for the design of nonlinear shock absorbers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A definition of and linguistic support for partial quiescence
Authors: Man Billy Yan‐Kit , Chan Hiu Ning (Angela) , Gallagher Andrew J. , Goundan Appu S. , Keen Aaron W. , Olsson Ronald A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe global quiescence (GQ) of a distributed computation (or distributed termination detection) is an important problem. Some concurrent programming languages and systems provide GQ detection as a built‐in feature so that programmers do not need to write special synchronization code to detect quiescence. This paper introducespartial quiescence(PQ), which generalizes quiescence detection to a specified part of a distributed computation. PQ is useful, for example, when two independent concurrent computations that both rely on GQ need to be combined into a single program. The paper describes how we have designed and implemented a PQ mechanism within an experimental version of the JR concurrent programming language, and have gained experience with several representative applications. Our early results are promising qualitatively and quantitatively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemivannusal and Prevannusadials – New Sesquiterpenoids from the Marine Ciliate Protist Euplotes vannus: The Putative Biogenetic Precursors of Dimeric Terpenoid Vannusals
Authors: Guella Graziano , Callone Emanuela , Di Giuseppe Graziano , Frassanito Rita , Frontini Francesco P. , Mancini Ines , Dini Fernando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHemivannusal (6), a bicyclic sesquiterpenoid with an unprecedented skeleton, has been isolated from the marine ciliate Euplotes vannus (strain TB6). The relative configuration of 6 has been established through an extended conformational search performed by molecular mechanics and refined through ab initio quantum chemical calculations. Another strain (CM1) of the same morphospecies has been found to produce the linear prevannusadial A (7) and the monocyclic prevannusadial B (8), which could represent key intermediates for the biosynthesis both of hemivannusal (6) and of the C30 terpenoids vannusals A and B (5a and 5b), the latter pair being metabolites isolated from conspecific strains (Sil21 and BUN3) of the same E. vannus morphospecies. The occurrence of hemivannusal (6) in mass cell cultures both of an E. vannus endosymbiont‐free strain and of a penicillin‐treated E. vannus bacteria‐infected strain strongly suggests that its biosynthesis is coded by the ciliates and not by prokaryotic endosymbiont genes. The pattern of the secondary metabolites isolated so far from different strains of E. vannus allows us not only to assign them a chemotaxonomic significance, but also to propose a unifying picture of their biogenesis.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Efficient, Rhodium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of α‐Dehydroamino Acid Esters with Chiral Monodentate Aminophosphanes Bearing Two Binaphthyl Groups
Authors: Eberhardt Luc , Armspach Dominique , Matt Dominique , Toupet Loic , Oswald Benoît 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAll four stereoisomers of 4‐{4,5‐dihydro‐3H‐dinaphtho[2,1‐c:1′,2′‐e]azepin‐4‐yl}dinaphtho[2,1‐d:1′,2′‐f][1,3,2]dioxaphosphepine have been prepared from (R or S)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diyl chlorophosphite and the appropriate dinaphtho‐azepine. When reacted with [Rh(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)2]BF4, highly active catalysts for the hydrogenation of α‐dehydroamino acid esters were obtained. The highest enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) were achieved with the phosphoramidites having two chiral binaphthyl groups with opposite configurations. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Power system harmonics research: a survey
Authors: Singh G. K. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe increased use of power electronic controlled equipment, such as variable speed drives, automated production lines, personal computers and non‐linear electronic devices in power systems has given rise to a type of voltage and current waveform distortion called as ‘harmonics’. Harmonic can be defined as the undesirable components of a distorted periodic waveform whose frequencies are the integer multiples (non‐integer multiples in case of inter‐harmonics, and the frequency less than fundamental frequency in case of sub‐harmonics) of the fundamental frequency. Presence of these harmonics results in increased losses, equipment heating and loss‐of‐life, and interference with protection, control and communication circuits as well as customer loads. The research has been underway since very beginning for control of power system harmonics and to supply consumers with reliable and ‘clean’ fundamental‐frequency sinusoidal electric power that does not represent a damaging threat to their equipment. This paper, therefore, reviews the progress made in power system harmonics research and development since its inception. Attempts are also made to highlight the current and future issues involved in the development of quality and reliable electric power technology for future applications. A list of 145 research publications on the subject is also appended for a quick reference. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.