bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative assessment of human serum high‐abundance protein depletion
Authors: Stempfer Rene , Kubicek Markus , Lang Irene M. , Christa Noehammer , Gerner Christopher 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study is to quantify the effectivity of the depletion of human high‐abundance serum and plasma proteins for improved protein identification and disease marker candidate discovery and to assess the risk of concomitant removal of relevant marker proteins. 2‐DE and bottom‐up shotgun MS combining 2‐D capillary chromatography with MS/MS were applied in parallel for the analysis of fractions resulting from the depletion procedure. For many proteins the factors of enrichment by the depletion were obvious allowing their enhanced detection and identification upon high‐abundance protein depletion. Nano‐liquid chromatography linked MS allowed the efficient identification of several low‐abundant proteins that were not identified on the 2‐DE gels. Resolving the fractions that were eluted from the matrix upon depletion indicated unspecific binding of disease relevant proteins in plasma samples from acute myocardial infarction patients. The unspecific binding to the depletion matrix of inflammatory markers spiked into the serum was found to depend on the type of capturing agent used. Polyclonal avian antibodies (IgY) displayed the least unspecific binding due to the high immunogenicity of mammalian proteins in avian hosts.
Simultaneous determination of seven pesticides in waters using multi‐walled carbon nanotube SPE and NACE
Authors: Asensio‐Ramos María , Hernández‐Borges Javier , Ravelo‐Pérez Lidia M. , Rodríguez‐Delgado Miguel Ángel 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIn this work, NACE with UV detection is combined with SPE using multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) as stationary phase to determine a group of seven pesticides (pirimicarb, pyrifenox, penconazol, carbendazim, cyromazine, pyrimethanil and cyprodinil) in mineral water samples using ametryn as internal standard. The optimized BGE, consisting of a mixture of MeOH and ACN (1:2 v/v) with 90 mM SDS and 20.5 mM HClO4, was satisfactory to get a good resolution of the seven compounds in less than 13 min. On‐line preconcentration was carried out by electrokinetic injection of the sample dissolved in 78:22 v/v MeOH/ACN, 1.11 mM HClO4. Repeatability was studied for the same day (n=4), for nine different days (n=36) and for four different capillaries. RSD values were appropriate in all cases, i.e. in the range 4.3–9.4% between different capillaries. MWCNT of 10–15 nm od, 2–6 nm id and 0.1–10 μm length were used as SPE materials for the preconcentration of these pesticides from water samples. SPE parameters influencing the enrichment were optimized and the most favorable conditions were as follows: the amount of stationary phase, eluent, sample pH and sample volume were 40 mg MWCNT, 10 mL ACN and 10 mL dichloromethane containing 5% v/v formic acid, pH 8.0, and 750 mL, respectively. Mean recovery values ranged between 53 and 94% for Milli‐Q water and between 47 and 93% for mineral waters (RSD values were in the range 2–16%). The method allowed the determination of these pesticides at concentrations below the maximum residue limits established by the European Union legislation (LOD in the range 27–58 ng/L). When the cost, amount and type of the carbon nanotubes used in this work are compared with those carbon nanotubes previously used in the literature it is clear that the proposed materials can be used as economical stationary phases, even cheaper than conventional SPE cartridges.
SPE and large‐volume sample stacking in MEKC for determination of doxycycline in biological fluids: Comparison of direct injection to SPE‐MEKC
Authors: Injac Rade , Karljikovic‐Rajic Katarina , Strukelj Borut 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA novel and simple method has been developed for the determination of doxycycline (DOX) in biological fluids. The method is based on SPE, large‐volume sample stacking (LVSS) and MEKC with UV‐DAD detection. Six SPE cartridges have been used in investigation for sample clean up and pre‐concentration (Supelco® LC‐8, LC‐18, LC‐SCX, and LC‐WCX, as well as Strata™‐X and X‐C). DOX was determined on a 56 cm (effective length 50 cm)×50 μm id fused‐silica capillary. The BGE was 20 mM borate buffer, pH 9.3, containing 80 mM SDS and 7.5% v/v of methanol (30 s×50 mbar), and the temperature and voltage were 25°C and 30 kV, respectively. The analytical wavelength was set at 210 nm. Under optimized conditions it is possible to determine DOX in human serum, urine, semen, tears and saliva with recovery of 97.5% (RSD 2.5%). The method was shown to be sensitive (LOD is 1 μg/L) and precise (intra‐day RSD 0.2 and 2.4%; inter‐days 0.4 and 3.5% for migration time and peak area, respectively). Results for developed SPE‐LVSS‐MEKC were compared with LVSS‐MEKC method with direct sample injection. The new LVSS‐MEKC method is presented as a useful technique for rapid determination without extraction procedure of DOX in human urine and serum, using 80 mM of SDS, 10% v/v of methanol and 40 mM borate buffer (pH 9.3; 30 s×50 mbar; 25°C; 30 kV; 350 nm), but not for the other biological fluids, according to lower sensitivity of the method and because of the sample composition.
Dimensioning of data networks: a flow‐level perspective
Authors: Lassila Pasi , Penttinen Aleksi , Virtamo Jorma 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTraditional network dimensioning formulations have applied the Erlang model where the connections reserve capacity in the network. Until recently, tractable stochastic network models where the connections share the capacity in the network did not exist. The latter are becoming increasingly important as they can be applied to characterise file transfers in current data networks (e.g. IP networks). In particular, they can be utilised for dimensioning of networks with respect to the file transfer performance. To this end, we consider a model where the traffic consists of elastic flows (i.e. file transfers). Flows arrive randomly and share the network resources resulting in stochastically varying transmission rates for flows. Our contribution is to develop efficient methods for capacity planning to meet the performance requirements expressed in terms of the average transmission rate of flows on a given route, i.e. the per‐flow throughput. These methods are validated using ns2 simulations. We discuss also the effects of access rate limitations and how to combine the elastic traffic requirements with those of real‐time traffic. Finally, we outline how the methods can be applied in wireless mesh networks. Our results enable a simple characterisation of the order‐of‐magnitude of the required capacities, which can be utilised as a first step in practical network planning and dimensioning. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stress differentially regulates the effects of voluntary exercise on cell proliferation in the dentate gyrus of mice
Authors: Kannangara Timal S. , Webber Alina , Gil‐Mohapel Joana , Christie Brian R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt has been well‐established that cell proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult mouse dentate gyrus (DG) can be regulated by voluntary exercise. Recent evidence has suggested that the effects of voluntary exercise can in turn be influenced by environmental factors that regulate the amount of stress an animal is exposed to. In this study, we use bromodeoxyuridine and proliferating cell nuclear antigen immunohistochemistry to show that voluntary exercise produces a significant increase in cell proliferation in the adult mouse DG in both isolated and socially housed mice. This effect on proliferation translates into an increase in neurogenesis and neuronal branching of new neurons in the mice that exercised. Although social condition did not regulate proliferation in young adult mice, an effect of social housing could be observed in mice exposed to acute restraint stress. Surprisingly, only exercising mice housed in isolated conditions showed an increase in cellular proliferation following restraint stress, whereas socially housed, exercising mice, failed to show a significant increase in proliferation. These findings indicate that social housing may increase the effects of any stressful episodes on hippocampal neurogenesis in the mouse DG. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A role for hilar cells in pattern separation in the dentate gyrus: A computational approach
Authors: Myers Catherine E. , Scharfman Helen E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present a simple computational model of the dentate gyrus to evaluate the hypothesis that pattern separation, defined as the ability to transform a set of similar input patterns into a less‐similar set of output patterns, is dynamically regulated by hilar neurons. Prior models of the dentate gyrus have generally fallen into two categories: simplified models that have focused on a single granule cell layer and its ability to perform pattern separation, and large‐scale and biophysically realistic models of dentate gyrus, which include hilar cells, but which have not specifically addressed pattern separation. The present model begins to bridge this gap. The model includes two of the major subtypes of hilar cells: excitatory hilar mossy cells and inhibitory hilar interneurons that receive input from and project to the perforant path terminal zone (HIPP cells). In the model, mossy cells and HIPP cells provide a mechanism for dynamic regulation of pattern separation, allowing the system to upregulate and downregulate pattern separation in response to environmental and task demands. Specifically, pattern separation in the model can be strongly decreased by decreasing mossy cell function and/or by increasing HIPP cell function; pattern separation can be increased by the opposite manipulations. We propose that hilar cells may similarly mediate dynamic regulation of pattern separation in the dentate gyrus in vivo, not only because of their connectivity within the dentate gyrus, but also because of their modulation by brainstem inputs and by the axons that “backproject” from area CA3 pyramidal cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rat hippocampal theta rhythm during sensory mismatch
Authors: Zou D. , Aitake M. , Hori E. , Umeno K. , Fukuda M. , Ono T. , Nishijo H. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractIt has been suggested that sensory mismatch induces motion sickness, but its neural mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this issue, theta waves in the hippocampal formation (HF) were studied during sensory mismatch by backward translocation in awake rats. A monopolar electrode was implanted into the dentate gyrus in the HF, from which local field potentials were recorded. The rats were placed on a treadmill affixed to a motion stage translocated along a figure 8‐shaped track. The rats were trained to run forward on the treadmill at the same speed as that of forward translocation of the motion stage (a forward condition) before the experimental (recording) sessions. In the experimental sessions, the rats were initially tested in the forward condition, and then tested in a backward (mismatch) condition, in which the motion stage was turned around by 180° before translocation. That is, the rats were moved backward by translocation of the stage although the rats ran forward on the treadmill. The theta (6–9 Hz) power was significantly increased in the backward condition compared with the forward condition. However, the theta power gradually decreased by repeated testing in the backward condition. Furthermore, backward translocation of the stage without locomotion did not increase theta power. These results suggest that the HF might function as a comparator to detect sensory mismatch, and that alteration in HF theta activity might induce motion sickness. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐Tocopherol‐enriched mixed tocopherol diet inhibits prostate carcinogenesis in TRAMP mice
Authors: Barve Avantika , Khor Tin Oo , Nair Sujit , Reuhl Kenneth , Suh Nanjoo , Reddy Bandaru , Newmark Harold , Kong Ah‐Ng 
Published: October 2008

Abstractγ‐tocopherol (γ‐T) alone or in combination with α‐tocopherol has been shown to suppress biomarkers of oxidative stress in asthamatics and human subjects with metabolic syndrome. Oxidative stress has been implicated as a key event in prostate carcinogenesis. Hence, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of γ‐tocopherol‐enriched mixed tocopherol diet on prostate carcinogenesis in a murine prostate cancer model (TRAMP). 8 week old TRAMP males were fed 0.1% γ‐T‐enriched mixed tocopherol diet that contained 20‐fold higher levels of γ‐tocopherol, and roughly 3‐fold higher levels of α‐tocopherol. The effect of such diet on tumor and PIN development was observed. The expression of phase II detoxifying, antioxidant enzymes and Nrf2 mRNA and protein were determined by RT‐PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting techniques. Treatment with γ‐T‐enriched mixed tocopherols significantly suppressed the incidence of palpable tumor and Prostate Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN) development without affecting the expression of the transgene (SV‐40). Tumor progression occurred with a significant suppression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, heme‐oxygenase‐1 and phase II detoxifying enzymes. Treatment with γ‐T‐enriched mixed tocopherol diet upregulated the expression of most detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes. Nrf2—a redox sensitive transcription factor known to mediate the expression of phase II detoxifying enzymes, was also significantly upregulated following treatment with γ‐T‐enriched mixed tocopherol diet. γ‐T‐enriched mixed tocopherols significantly up‐regulated the expression of Nrf2 and its related detoxifying and antioxidant enzymes thereby suppressing PIN and tumor development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor‐specific cytotoxic T cell generation and dendritic cell function are differentially regulated by interleukin 27 during development of anti‐tumor immunity
Authors: Shinozaki Yukari , Wang Sen , Miyazaki Yoshiyuki , Miyazaki Kohji , Yamada Hisakata , Yoshikai Yasunobu , Hara Hiromitsu , Yoshida Hiroki 
Published: October 2008

AbstractInterleukin (IL‐) 27 is a member of IL‐12 cytokine family with Th1‐promoting and anti‐inflammatory effects. IL‐27 has been shown to facilitate tumor‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) induction against various tumors. However, IL‐27 suppresses cytokine production of lymphocytes and antigen‐presenting function of dendritic cells (DCs). To examine the in vivo role of IL‐27 in generation of anti‐tumor immunity, we examined IL‐27‐mediated antitumor‐effects using WSX‐1 (IL‐27 receptor α chain)‐deficient (WSX‐1−/−) mice. In WSX‐1−/− mice inoculated with B16 melanoma cells, tumor growth was higher than in wild‐type (WT) mice. Accordingly, tumor‐specific CTL generation was lower in WSX‐1−/− mice than in WT mice. CTL induction in WSX‐1−/− mice was not restored by transfer of WT DCs pulsed with TRP2 peptide, indicating that IL‐27 is directly required for generation of tumor‐specific CTLs. However, when transferred into tumor‐bearing mice, WSX‐1−/− DCs pulsed with TRP2 peptide was more potent than WT DCs in tumor growth inhibition and generation of CTLs, indicating suppressive effects of IL‐27 on DC function. Finally, the combination of WT CD8+ T cells and KO DCs is more potent in generation of antigen‐specific CTLs than any other combinations. Expression of perforin gene and percentages of tumor‐specific CD8+ T cells were also the highest in the combination of WT CD8+ T cells and WSX‐1−/− DCs. It was thus revealed that IL‐27 promotes CTL generation while suppressing DC function during generation of tumor immunity. The combination of WT T cells and IL‐27 signal‐defective DCs may have therapeutic potential against tumors. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decreased expression of angiogenesis antagonist EFEMP1 in sporadic breast cancer is caused by aberrant promoter methylation and points to an impact of EFEMP1 as molecular biomarker
Authors: Sadr‐Nabavi Ariane , Ramser Juliane , Volkmann Juliane , Naehrig Joerg , Wiesmann Frank , Betz Beate , Hellebrand Heide , Engert Stefanie , Seitz Susanne , Kreutzfeld Rene , Sasaki Takako , Arnold Norbert , Schmutzler Rita , Kiechle Marion , Niederacher Dieter , Harbeck Nadia , Dahl Edgar , Meindl Alfons 
Published: October 2008

AbstractEGF‐containing fibulin‐like extracellular matrix protein 1 (EFEMP1) was recently described as an antagonist of angiogenesis. Motivated by a strong dependence of tumor growth and metastasis on angiogenesis, we investigated the role of EFEMP1 in human breast cancer. We applied RNA microarray expression analysis and quantitative real‐time PCR (QRT) in a total of 45 sporadic breast cancer tissues and found EFEMP1 down‐regulation in 59% and 61% of the analyzed tissues, respectively. This down‐regulation was confirmed on protein level. Immunohistochemistry in 211 breast cancer tissues resulted in reduced or even abolished EFEMP1 expression in 57–62.5% of the tumors. Bisulphite genomic sequencing in breast cancer cell lines and primary breast cancer tissues revealed promoter methylation as the major cause of this down‐regulation. Furthermore, analysis of 203 clinically well characterized primary breast cancers displayed a significant correlation of reduced EFEMP1 protein expression with poor disease‐free (p = 0.037) and overall survival (p = 0.032), particularly in those node‐positive patients who received adjuvant anthracycline‐based chemotherapy, but not in those treated by either cyclophosphamide‐methotrexate‐5‐fluorouracil (CMF) or Tamoxifen. In summary, the presented data demonstrate for the first time the reduced EFEMP1 expression on RNA and protein level in a substantial number of sporadic breast carcinomas and its correlation with epigenetic alterations. Furthermore, these data point towards a possible predictive impact of EFEMP1 expression in primary breast cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Combined anti‐PDGFRα and PDGFRβ targeting in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Reinmuth Niels , Liersch Ruediger , Raedel Miriam , Fehrmann Frauke , Fehrmann Nicole , Bayer Michael , Schwoeppe Christian , Kessler Torsten , Berdel Wolfgang , Thomas Michael , Mesters Rolf M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractActivation of the platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF)‐receptors is critically involved into various stromal cell functions including recruitment of stromal cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induction in tumor and perivascular cells. To evaluate the effects of combined PDGFRα and ‐β inhibition in a non‐small cell lung cancer model, we stably transfected A549 lung cancer cells with the PDGF‐A mutant PDGF‐0. PDGF‐0 has been generated by substituting amino acids in the binding region of PDGF‐A with the corresponding VEGF‐A region, leading to a decreased receptor‐binding affinity and activation. Compared with control vector transfected cells, transfection with PDGF‐0 had no impact on monolayer growth and apoptosis in vitro, but significantly impaired the number of colony formation in soft agar. After subcutaneous injections, all mice developed tumors within 5 days. While control vector transfected A549 cells were characterized by constant tumor growth, PDGF‐0 transfected A549 revealed a reduced tumor mass (p < 0.001) with no further growth beyond 14 days (2 months observation time) and complete regressions in 7 of 13 cases. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that PDGF‐0 transfected tumors demonstrated decreased recruitment of periendothelial cells, while the tumor invasion zone was similar to control vector transfectants. Similarly, conditioned medium from PDGF‐0 transfected cells induced significantly less migration of smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts in vitro. Interestingly, in PDGF‐0 transfectants, neither total vessel count nor VEGF expression were significantly altered. These studies demonstrate that combined inhibition of PDGFRα and ‐β results in markedly decreased tumor growth in vivo because of impaired recruitment of periendothelial cells. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Down‐modulation of keratin 8 phosphorylation levels by PRL‐3 contributes to colorectal carcinoma progression
Authors: Mizuuchi Eri , Semba Shuho , Kodama Yoshinori , Yokozaki Hiroshi 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPhosphatase of regenerating liver‐3 (PRL‐3) is a member of the PRL protein tyrosine phosphatase family and has been proposed to promote the invasiveness and metastastic capability of colorectal cancers (CRCs); however, the underlying mechanisms and target molecules of PRL‐3 protein remain unknown. On the basis of the biological significance of PRL‐3 phosphatase activity confirmed by the catalytically inactive PRL‐3 mutant (C104S) and a PRL‐3 inhibitor in CRC‐derived SW480 cells, we performed protein expression profiling to search for PRL‐3‐mediated effector proteins. By a comparative study of phosphorylated proteins that differentially expressed in wild type and C104S mutant PRL‐3‐transfected SW480 cells; the cytoskeletal intermediate filament keratin 8 (KRT8) was identified as a physiological PRL‐3‐interacting protein. Indeed, treatment with the PRL‐3 inhibitor effectively suppressed the phosphorylation of KRT8 at S73 and S431. Moreover, we detected the physiological interaction between PRL‐3 and KRT8 and their colocalization at cellular lamellipodias and ruffles in vivo. In CRC tissue samples, tumor cells with high PRL‐3 expression showed reduction or loss of phosphorylated KRT8 expression, particularly at the invasive front and in the liver metastases. In conclusion, our results indicate that PRL‐3 may play an important role for the promotion of CRC cell migration and metastatic potential through direct KRT8 dephosphorylation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A‐FABP, a candidate progression marker of human transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, is differentially regulated by PPAR in urothelial cancer cells
Authors: Boiteux Guillaume , Lascombe Isabelle , Roche Emmanuelle , Plissonnier Marie‐Laure , Clairotte Anne , Bittard Hugues , Fauconnet Sylvie 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSuperficial pT1 bladder tumors are characterized by a high risk of recurrence and progression in grade and stage. Few studies provided evidence that loss of adipocyte‐fatty acid binding protein (A‐FABP) expression was associated with bladder cancer progression. A‐FABP is a lipid binding protein playing a role in intracellular lipid transport and metabolism, as well as in signal transduction. We reported from bladder tumors that decrease of A‐FABP transcript level significantly correlated to tumor stage and to histologic grade (p < 0.05). Namely, in poor prognosis high grade pT1 tumors there was a loss of A‐FABP expression compared to good prognosis tumors suggesting that re‐expression of A‐FABP could be a therapeutic approach in early stage bladder cancer to prevent disease progression. We demonstrated for the first time that this marker is upregulated by Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor (PPAR) α, β and γ in T24 cells (derived from an undifferentiated grade III carcinoma) and only by PPARβ in RT4 cells (derived from a well differentiated grade I papillary tumor). This effect occurred through a PPAR‐dependent transcriptional mechanism without modifying mRNA stability and interestingly required de novo protein synthesis. Data as a whole suggest a prognostic significance of A‐FABP in bladder cancer outcome and the potential utility of overexpression of this protein by PPAR agonists open up new perspectives in the treatment of bladder cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.