bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of a Perioperative Fungal Prophylaxis Protocol Change in Orthotopic Liver Transplant
Authors: Singlar Megan M. , Xhemali Xhilda , Brizendine Kyle D , Eckardt Jamie , Ward Jessica , Palm Nicole 
Published: February 2025

Background: Orthotopic liver transplant (OLT) carries a risk for invasive fungal infections (IFI). A targeted antifungal prophylaxis protocol can identify OLT patients who warrant antifungal prophylaxis. The optimal protocol and appropriate risk factors have yet to be confirmed. Objective: This study aimed to describe the impact of a targeted antifungal prophylaxis protocol post OLT on rates of IFI and protocol adherence. Methods: This was a retrospective observational cohort study of patients ≥18 years old with an OLT at Cleveland Clinic. Pre-protocol was defined as June 1, 2019 to May 31, 2020 and post-protocol was June 1, 2021 to May 31, 2022. The primary objective was to determine adherence to the prophylaxis protocol on postoperative day (POD) 0. Secondary objectives included comparing the 90-day incidence of proven or probable IFI post-OLT between groups. Results: The pre-protocol group included 134 patients, whereas the post-protocol group included 166. Prior to protocol implementation, 73% received clotrimazole, 13% fluconazole, 13% micafungin, and 1% nystatin. After protocol implementation, 63% received clotrimazole, 16% fluconazole, and 21% micafungin. Adherence to the protocol was 66% on POD0 and increased to 84% over the duration of prophylaxis. Rates of IFI development decreased to 3.6% after implementation from 6.7% prior to the protocol ( P = 0.22). Median time to IFI was 8 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 2-19) pre-protocol and 15 days (IQR = 6-17) post-protocol. Conclusions and Relevance: The implementation of a post-OLT–targeted antifungal prophylaxis protocol can promote consistency in antifungal prophylaxis. This study showed an 84% adherence rate to the implemented protocol, with numerically lower rates of IFIs post-protocol compared with pre-protocol.
Predicting Factors Affecting the Behavior of Healthcare Employees in the Use of Personal Protective Equipment During Epidemics Based on Godin et al’s Model: A Study in Iran
Authors: Ahmadi Marzaleh Milad , Bastani Peivand , Raeyat Mohtashami Abolfazl , Farhadi Payam , Ghanbari Saeed , Ravangard Ramin 
Published: February 2025

Background: Protecting healthcare employees and preventing infection transmission are paramount concerns during epidemics. Predicting healthcare employees’ behavior regarding the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and identifying the related effective factors can guide educational and administrative strategies and enable timely interventions during outbreaks. This study aimed to predict factors affecting the healthcare employees’ behavior in the use of PPE at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in Iran, based on Godin et al’s model. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical study. After reviewing the related articles and interviewing the experts and based on the model of Godin et al. (2008), a questionnaire was developed, validated, and tested for reliability using face and content validity as well as Cronbach’s alpha. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS v.21 and modeled by Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) via SPSS v.21 and Smart PLS v.3 software. Results: The questionnaire was valid (CVI = 86.42, CVR = 81.71) and reliable (α = .85). The model exhibited appropriate measurement, structural, and overall fit. Beliefs about consequences, social influences, habits/past behavior, role and identity, characteristics of employees, moral norms, and beliefs about capabilities indirectly and significantly influenced behavior ( P < .001). Additionally, beliefs about capabilities ( P < .001), habits/past behavior ( P = .001), and intention ( P = .001) directly and significantly influenced PPE use behavior during epidemics. Conclusion: The results emphasized the necessity of targeted interventions based on the studied model constructs within healthcare organizations. By promoting positive beliefs about PPE effectiveness and encouraging appropriate intentions and behaviors, healthcare organizations can significantly improve employee’s adherence to PPE use during pandemics.
Real-world safety of linaclotide in Chinese patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a multicenter, single-arm, prospective observational study
Authors: Xiao Yinglian , Meng Xianmei , Luo Qingfeng , Hou Xiaohua , Jin Jie , Zhong Xianfei , Gong Wei , Li Xiuling , Chen Minhu 
Published: February 2025

Background: Linaclotide, a guanylate cyclase-C agonist, is indicated for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, real-world data on the safety and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) of linaclotide are scarce in Chinese patients with IBS-C. Objectives: To assess the real-world safety and PROs of linaclotide in the Chinese IBS-C population. Design: Multicenter, prospective observational study. Methods: Adults with IBS-C who had taken or planned to take at least one dose of linaclotide 290 μg were enrolled and followed up for 3 months. Face-to-face visits were conducted at baseline (V1), Week 4 ± 7 days (V2), and Week 12 ± 7 days (V3). Primary endpoints included the incidences of adverse events (AEs), AEs by severity, adverse drug reactions (ADRs), serious AEs (SAEs), and AEs leading to treatment interruption, discontinuation, and death. Secondary endpoints included mean treatment satisfaction at V2 and V3, and mean overall Irritable Bowel Syndrome-Quality of Life (IBS-QoL) at V2. Results: Out of 3000 enrolled patients, 2963 took at least one dose of linaclotide and were analyzed. Overall, 712 patients (24.0%) reported 1095 AEs, which were mostly mild (89.9%). Diarrhea, reported in 297 out of the 2963 patients analyzed (10.0%), was the most common AE. No severe diarrhea was reported. Totally, 319 patients (10.8%) reported ADRs. Forty-six patients (1.6%) reported 50 SAEs and two cases were considered related to linaclotide treatment. Fifty-one (1.7%) and 70 patients (2.4%) interrupted and discontinued treatment due to AEs, respectively. One patient died of hepatic cancer, which was considered unrelated to linaclotide treatment. During the follow-up, the mean (±SD) treatment satisfaction increased numerically and continuously (V1, 2.8 ± 1.3 ( n = 1721); V2, 3.5 ± 1.1 ( n = 1705); V3, 3.9 ± 1.0 ( n = 833)). The mean (±SD) overall IBS-QoL increased numerically from 73.2 ± 16.6 ( n = 1924) at V1 to 80.2 ± 15.5 ( n = 1738) at V2. Conclusion: In the Chinese real-world setting, linaclotide was safe and well tolerated in patients with IBS-C. Numerically, there are trends toward improvement in PROs with linaclotide treatment.
Speciation-dependent molecular mechanism of electron transfer from the c-type cytochrome MtrC to U(VI)-ligand complexes
Authors: Molinas Margaux , Lederballe Meibom Karin , Brown Ashley , Abriata Luciano A. , Prüßmann Tim , Bernier-Latmani Rizlan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Members of the Shewanella genus transfer electrons to metal and actinide electron acceptors such as hexavalent uranium, U(VI), via c-type cytochromes. The intracellular mechanism of electron transfer is well studied but the delivery of electrons to external electron acceptors less well so. MtrC, a decaheme c-type cytochrome located on the cell surface side of the outer membrane of many Shewanella species, and extending to the extracellular medium, transfers electrons to U(VI), both in vivo and in vitro when purified. However, it is unclear how the electron transfer between the terminal heme(s) of the protein and extracellular U(VI) occurs. In particular, the type of interaction between MtrC and U(VI), and the parameters controlling electron transfer remain to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the kinetics of U(VI) reduction by S. baltica MtrC in solution for U(VI) complexed with one of five ligands: carbonate, hydroxyl, citrate, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). We observed two initial reaction rates, one more rapid for U-citrate, U-NTA and U-EDTA, and another slower for U-carbonate and U-hydroxo. By combining Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy and M4-edge High Resolution X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure spectroscopy, we attributed these differences to the type of interaction between the U-ligand complex and MtrC, i.e., probably electrostatic interaction with the ligand of U-EDTA, hydrogen bonding to the ligand of U-citrate and U-NTA, and covalent bonding with U-carbonate and U-hydroxo. We also demonstrate the persistence of U(V) in the U-carbonate system when interacting with MtrC. Overall, we showed that the mechanism of electron transfer depended on the chemistry of the soluble U(VI) complex serving as the substrate.
Fluorine-rich hydrogarnet, prehnite and pumpellyite in monzodioritic basement of the Rhine Rift Valley produced by in-situ low-grade metamorphism at 200 °C and 5 km depth
Authors: Bucher Kurt , Hofer Moritz , Ladner Florentin , Stober Ingrid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The Basel-1 geothermal deep well has been drilled in 2006 to a final depth of 5 km. The recovered core material from 4.9 km depth shows coarse grained biotite-hornblende quartz-monzodiorite from the Variscan basement. The primary igneous rock is locally altered and contains prehnite, pumpellyite, mica and chlorite as major alteration products. Locally small amounts of hydrogarnet formed from pyrite oxidation and fluorine derived from the alteration of primary F-rich biotite. The local low-grade alteration products are consistent with the in-situ measured temperature of about 200 °C. The assemblage of low-grade minerals formed in distinct zones separated by sharp reaction fronts from the primary monzodiorite. The bulk of the alteration zones may have formed from reaction of the monzodiorite with the pre-drilling formation fluid. However, also the external stimulation fluid rapidly readjusted its composition by reaction with the rock at depth. This follows from the temperature derived from fluid composition thermometers applied to recovered stimulation fluid which is consistent with measured temperatures at depth.
Machine learning reveals sex differences in distinguishing between conduct-disordered and neurotypical youth based on emotion processing dysfunction
Authors: Kohls Gregor , Elster Erik M. , Tino Peter , Fairchild Graeme , Stadler Christina , Popma Arne , Freitag Christine M. , De Brito Stephane A. , Konrad Kerstin , Pauli Ruth 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Theoretical models of conduct disorder (CD) highlight that deficits in emotion recognition, learning, and regulation play a pivotal role in CD etiology. With CD being more prevalent in boys than girls, various theories aim to explain this sex difference. The “differential threshold” hypothesis suggests greater emotion dysfunction in conduct-disordered girls than boys, but previous research using conventional statistical analyses has failed to support this hypothesis. Here, we used novel analytic techniques such as machine learning (ML) to uncover potentially sex-specific differences in emotion dysfunction among girls and boys with CD compared to their neurotypical peers.

Methods
Multi-site data from 542 youth with CD and 710 neurotypical controls (64% girls, 9–18 years) who completed emotion recognition, learning, and regulation tasks were analyzed using a multivariate ML classifier to distinguish between youth with CD and controls separately by sex.

Results
Both female and male ML classifiers accurately predicted (above chance level) individual CD status based solely on the neurocognitive features of emotion dysfunction. Notably, the female classifier outperformed the male classifier in identifying individuals with CD. However, the classification and identification performance of both classifiers was below the clinically relevant 80% accuracy threshold (although they still provided relatively fair and realistic estimates of ~ 60% classification performance), probably due to the substantial neurocognitive heterogeneity within such a large and diverse, multi-site sample of youth with CD (and neurotypical controls).

Conclusions
These findings confirm the close association between emotion dysfunction and CD in both sexes, with a stronger association observed in affected girls, which aligns with the “differential threshold” hypothesis. However, the data also underscore the heterogeneity of CD, namely that only a subset of those affected are likely to have emotion dysfunction and that other neurocognitive domains (not tested here) probably also contribute to CD etiology.

Clinical trial number
Not applicable.
Investigating mental health disparities in rural sexual and gender minority adults: protocol for the rural exploration and approaches to LGBTQ + Mental Health (REALM) prospective cohort study
Authors: Fine Shoshanna L. , Willis Kalai , Lucas Iaah L. , Siebach Kirsten F. , Glick Jennifer L. , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Winter Savannah , Smith Michael , Waltz Thomas , Herring Gina Bailey , Hannah Marissa , Wilcox Holly C. , Sanchez Travis , Baral Stefan D. , Murray Sarah M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Sexual and gender minority (SGM) persons experience substantial mental health disparities throughout the life course, including increased vulnerability to depression and suicide. Few existing studies, however, have explored how pervasive experiences of SGM-related stigma, discrimination, and trauma (i.e., minority stress) contribute to adverse mental health outcomes among diverse sub-populations of SGM adults living in rural areas of the United States. This paper describes the protocol for a prospective cohort study, “Rural Exploration and Approaches for LGBTQ + Mental Health (REALM),” that will explore minority stress in relation to mental health conditions and suicidal behaviors among rural SGM adults.

Methods
Online processes will be used to recruit and enroll a diverse sample of up to 2,500 SGM adults aged 18 + living in rural counties and small metropolitan areas in the United States to complete an online baseline survey. This will include: up to 1,000 cisgender sexual minority persons (up to n = 500 each cisgender women and cisgender men); and up to 1,500 gender minority persons (up to n = 500 persons who were assigned male at birth and identify as a woman, female, and/or transfeminine; up to n = 500 persons who were assigned female at birth and identify as a man, male, and/or transmasculine; and up to n = 500 persons who identify as some other gender, including non-binary, gender non-conforming, and/or agender regardless of sex assigned at birth). All enrolled participants will subsequently be followed over a 12-month period, with repeated surveys at three-month intervals. Included survey measures will focus on sociodemographic information, mental health, substance use, suicidal behaviors, minority stressors, psychological processes, and other related risk and protective factors.

Discussion
This study presents a critical opportunity to better understand how minority stress contributes to adverse mental health outcomes among populations that remain underrepresented in research and programs in 2024. Results will be used to create more targeted, acceptable, and impactful intervention content and strategies that mitigate stigma, promote mental health, and prevent suicidal behaviors among rural SGM adults.
Psychosocial work characteristic profiles and health outcomes in registered nurses at different stages of their careers: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Lönnqvist Katri , Sinervo Timo , Kaihlanen Anu-Marja , Elovainio Marko 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Individual psychosocial work characteristics have been associated with the health and well-being of registered nurses. However, it remains to be determined whether different types of psychosocial work characteristics form patterned profiles and whether the profiles are associated with registered nurses’ health and welfare at different stages of their careers. The purpose of this study was to identify latent psychosocial work characteristic profiles and examine whether the profiles are associated with a certain career stage and health outcomes.

Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted with 624 early-career registered nurses and 1,016 later-career registered nurses. Data were collected using an electronic survey with internationally validated measures including the Organizational Justice Scale, the Nurse Stress Index Scale, the Job Content Questionnaire, the Team Climate Inventory, the Psychological Distress Questionnaire, the Sleep Problems Questionnaire, and the Self-Rated Health Questionnaire. Latent profile analysis was conducted to identify subgroups with similar psychosocial work characteristic profiles. Multinomial and linear regression analyses were used to examine the association between latent work characteristics profiles, stage of career, and health outcomes.

Results
We identified five profiles. The profiles were named based on class descriptions. The low strain/high support profile group and the moderate strain/high support profile group had statistically better self-rated health (p = < 0.001), less psychological distress (p = < 0.001) and less sleep problems (p = < 0.001) compared to the high strain/low support profile group.

Conclusions
Low to moderate strain, high interactional and procedural justice, and participative safety in teams form patterned profiles associated with better health in registered nurses. High strain, a lack of justice and a lack of participation safety form a risk combination pattern profile that may lead to health problems in registered nurses. Promoting procedural and interactional justice, and participation safety in teams seems efficient in enhancing the health and well-being of registered nurses. The findings indicate no significant correlation between career stages and work characteristic profiles. It is crucial to identify stressors specific for career stages and develop tailored interventions.
Anxiety disorder, depression and coronary artery disease: associations and modification by genetic susceptibility
Authors: Nakada Shinya , Ward Joey , Strawbridge Rona J. , Welsh Paul , Celis-Morales Carlos , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Associations of anxiety disorder and depression with coronary artery disease (CAD) are heterogeneous between populations. This study investigated how genetic susceptibility to CAD alters these associations with incident CAD, comparing and combining anxiety disorder and depression.

Methods
This is a prospective cohort study using UK Biobank. Diagnoses of anxiety disorder and depression were ascertained through linked hospital admission data. Incident CAD was ascertained through hospital admission and death certificate data after baseline. CAD polygenic risk score (PRSCAD) was obtained from CARDIoGRAMplus4 and categorised into low, intermediate, and high. Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine associations between anxiety disorder and depression and CAD.

Results
Both anxiety disorder (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.92–2.78) and depression (HR 2.15, 95% CI 1.90–2.24) were associated with CAD after adjusting for sociodemographic confounders. There was an addictive interaction between depression and PRSCAD (RERI 0.97, 95% CI 0.12–1.81) such that the association between depression and CAD was strongest among those with a high PRSCAD whilst there was no such evidence for anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder only (HR 1.68, 95% 1.16–2.44), depression only (HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.72–2.64), and concomitant anxiety disorder and depression (HR 3.85, 95% CI 2.48–5.98) were associated with CAD even among people with a low PRSCAD. Adjusting for potential mediators attenuated all these associations across PRS categories.

Conclusions
CAD genetic susceptibility might partly contribute to the clustering of depression and CAD but does not provide a full explanation, nor does it explain the association between anxiety disorder and CAD. Therefore, other mechanisms should be explored.
HIV, smoking, and the brain: a convergence of neurotoxicities
Authors: Orlinick Benjamin L. , Farhadian Shelli F. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Purpose of review
The purpose of this review is to characterize the combined effects of tobacco smoking and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in people with HIV (PWH) and identify possible therapeutic targets through shared mechanisms for neurotoxicity.

Recent findings
HIV and tobacco smoke can exert neurotoxicity through shared mechanisms such as brain volume changes, microglial dysregulation, and dysregulation of the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) through the alpha7-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR). Evidence also suggests the potential for synergistic effects of HIV and tobacco smoking on neurotoxicity.

Summary
People with HIV (PWH) are disproportionately affected by both neurocognitive impairment (NCI) and tobacco smoking compared to the general population. Both HIV and tobacco smoking are known to have neurotoxic effects and have the potential for clinically significant impacts on brain health and cognitive functioning. Less, however, is known about how PWH may be uniquely affected by the interactive neurotoxic effects of both HIV and tobacco smoking. Evidence suggests that smoking and HIV can have synergistic effects on neurotoxicity and NCI in PWH. Some mechanisms for neurotoxicity include increased oxidative stress from microglial activation and dysfunction in the alpha7- nAChR cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway leading to increased neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis. Mechanisms may vary by cell type and brain region, however, and there is a need for more human-facing, longitudinal studies on smoking in PWH.