bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
3D Characterization of Spatiotemporally Coupled High Harmonic Attosecond Pulses
Authors: Yan Mingdong , Hu Yaodan , Wei Zijuan , Li Zhengyan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractManipulation of ultrafast laser fields across the temporal, spatial, and spectral domains can result in a spatiotemporally coupled structure of light, which cannot be mathematically decomposed into the product of spatial and temporal profiles. However, this spatiotemporal coupling effect may degrade the focusability of ultrafast laser pulses at large‐scale laser facilities. As ultrafast science has advanced from femtosecond to attosecond time scales, coherent attosecond optical pulses have become accessible through high harmonic generation, an extremely nonlinear optical process that produces an enhanced spatiotemporal coupling effect. Limited studies have explored the spatiotemporal coupling of high harmonic attosecond pulses owing to the lack of 3D characterization of attosecond optical fields. This study addresses this limitation by providing a 3D characterizing of the spatiotemporal optical field profiles of high harmonic attosecond pulses and investigating their physical spatiotemporal coupling effects. The spatiotemporal coupling of high harmonic attosecond pulses is quantitatively evaluated via a newly defined parameter that incorporates phase contributions in the time‐space domain, which may likely correlate with the inhomogeneous intrinsic atomic dipole phase determined by the driving laser intensity. This physical insight, combined with the 3D optical field metrology, can potentially benefit extreme UV nonlinear optics and attosecond dynamic imaging.
Chinese reference population: Open‐source age‐dependent computational phantoms of reference Chinese population
Authors: Huang Siyi , Liu Qian , Xie Tianwu 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPurposeComputational phantoms have been widely used in radiation protection, radiotherapy, medical imaging, surgery navigation, and digital anatomy. However, current Chinese phantoms lack representation for all sensitive groups including adults, children, and pregnant women. This manuscript aims to address this gap by developing novel open‐access computational phantoms representing the Chinese population.Acquisition and validation methodsThe Chinese reference population (CRP) developed in this study includes 30 phantoms, available in both voxel and nonuniform rational B‐spline (NURBS) formats, with ages in 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 15, 18 years, and adult male and female, as well as four pregnant women in early pregnancy, first trimester, second trimester, and third trimester. The development process involved image segmentation, NURBS reconstruction, and voxelization based on whole‐body computed tomography (CT) scans of 22 original individual patients. Reference organ masses were directly obtained from the Chinese Reference Human Anatomical Physiological and Metabolic Data, as well as international commission on radiological protection (ICRP) Publication 89.Data format and usage notesVoxelized phantoms are accessible in DAT format as raw data, which can be opened by medical imaging softwares such as a medical image data analysis tool (AMIDE). Excel files contain descriptive information (ages, genders, phantom sizes, voxel sizes, organ masses, densities) and organ absorbed doses on application. All data in this study can be obtained from our official website (https://alldigitaltwins.com) and Zenodo (https://zenodo.org/records/14268606).Potential applicationsThis work offers a collection of open‐source age‐dependent phantoms featuring anatomical data specific to the Chinese population. Researchers can utilize this dataset to modify and adapt the phantoms for specific applications, fostering innovation and progress, and enhancing accuracy and applicability in various fields.
Current Controversies in Prenatal Diagnosis 2: Conventional Postmortem Examination Remains the Gold Standard for the Anatomical Examination of Fetal Loss
Authors: Hutchinson J. Ciaran , Potocki Lorraine , Van den Veyver Ignatia B. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA comprehensive postmortem examination is an essential component of a work‐up after stillbirth. Its findings can support accurate counseling of parents about causes and risk of recurrence. It also supports providers' decisions about most appropriate testing and management plans for future pregnancy to prevent recurrence. Informing parents about fetal autopsy and obtaining their consent is challenging, and conducting a fetal autopsy requires expertise that is, not universally available. Newer non‐invasive or minimally invasive methods such as postmortem MRI and targeted biopsies can replace or supplement autopsies, but one must recognize that expertise in these methods is likewise not broadly available. This prompts the question whether a conventional postmortem examination should remain the gold standard for the anatomical examination of fetal loss. This report summarizes the “for” and “against” arguments made by two experts during a debate at the 28th International Conference on Prenatal Diagnosis and Therapy. Arguments favoring comprehensive fetal autopsy include the need to obtain the most complete and accurate information about the cause of the stillbirth. Arguments in favor of less invasive post‐mortem examinations using other technologies include sufficiency in many instances and a more equitable and cost‐effective approach to postmortem examination. While both debaters weighed the balance of these conflicting arguments differently, they agreed that more research in this area is needed.
Estimation of the Restricted Mean Duration of Response (RMDoR) in Oncology
Authors: Daletzakis Antonios , Roes Kit C. B. , Jonker Marianne A. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe duration of response (DoR) is defined as the time from the onset of response to treatment up to progression of disease or death due to any reason, whichever occurs earlier. The expected DoR could be a suitable estimand to measure the efficacy of a treatment but is in practice difficult to estimate, since patients' follow‐up times are often right‐censored. Instead, the restricted mean duration of response (RMDoR) is often used. The RMDoR in a time is equal to the expected DoR restricted to the interval . In this paper, we consider the behaviour of the RMDoR as a function of and its suitability as a measure to quantify the efficacy of a treatment. Besides, we focus on the estimation of the RMDoR. In oncology, the events response to treatment and progression of disease are typically detected through time‐scheduled scans and are therefore interval‐censored. We describe multiple estimators for the RMDoR that deal with the interval censoring in different ways and study the performance of these estimators in single arm trials and randomised controlled trials.
Epigallocatechin‐3‐Gallate Promotes Recanalization in Deep Vein Thrombosis by Modulating Endothelial Progenitor Cell Ferroptosis Through the Nrf2 Pathway
Authors: Li Da , Mao Youjun , Zhang Xiaosong , Wang Yusheng , Tang Hao , Huang He , Huang Xiaomin , Zhang Honggang 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTEndothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) provide a promising therapeutic choice for deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Their number is increased by epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) in patients with diabetes. Although EGCG is effective against doxorubicin‐induced ferroptosis and cardiotoxicity, its efficacy in DVT treatment has not been well studied. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of EGCG on EPC ferroptosis and recanalization in a DVT model. EPCs were treated with EGCG, and their proliferation and migration, angiogenesis, and apoptosis were evaluated using cell counting kit‐8 and colony formation, Transwell, tube formation, and flow cytometry assays. Levels of iron, ferroptosis markers, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were measured. Expression of ferroptosis‐related genes and proteins was analyzed using qRT‐PCR and western blotting, respectively. Promoter activation was evaluated using a dual‐luciferase reporter system. Thrombus recanalization was examined in the DVT mouse model via hematoxylin and eosin staining and digital subtraction angiography. EGCG promoted EPC proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis and suppressed apoptosis. It attenuated ferroptosis by reducing iron and ROS accumulation, increasing ΔΨm, and regulating the expression of ferroptosis‐related genes and proteins (ALOX15, ACSL4, and FTH1). EGCG enhanced the expression of Nrf2 and its targets, Slc7A11, HO‐1, and GPX4. EGCG inhibited thrombogenesis and promoted recanalization in DVT mice, an effect mediated through the Nrf2 pathway and enhanced upon EPC transplantation. Transplantation of EGCG‐pretreated EPCs facilitates DVT resolution via ferroptosis blockade. EGCG‐pretreated EPC‐based therapy may provide a novel option for patients with DVT.
Refining COVID‐19 Lesion Segmentation in Lung CT Scans Using Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Algorithms
Authors: Gtifa Wafa , Fradi Marwa , Sakly Anis , Machhout Mohsen 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundAccurately identifying lung lesions in CT (Computed Tomography) scans remains crucial during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic. Swarm intelligence algorithms offer promising tools for this purpose.MethodsThis study compares four swarm intelligence algorithms Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA), Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm (BFOA), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for segmenting COVID‐19 lung lesions.ResultsGA, GSA, and BFOA achieved accuracies exceeding 90.5%, while the PSO algorithm further improved segmentation accuracy, reaching 91.45%, with an exceptional F1 score of 95.54%. Overall, the approach achieved up to 99% segmentation accuracy.ConclusionsThe findings demonstrate the effectiveness of swarm and evolutionary algorithms in segmenting COVID‐19 lesions, contributing to enhanced diagnostic accuracy and treatment efficiency.
Efficient and Selective Synthesis of Metribuzin and Its Isomer via Simple Acid‐Base Regulation Strategy
Authors: Qi Liang , Li Na , Li Hai‐Yan , Qin Hao‐Yu , Shen Lei‐Lei , Wang Jin , Yu Fan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAn efficient and highly selective method for the synthesis of metribuzin and its isomer has been outlined. This innovative process affords the precise modulation of the production of either substance through the facile adjustment of pH conditions. By utilizing a straightforward acid‐base regulation, metribuzin and its isomer were effectively synthesized in an outstanding yield of 99%.
State‐of‐the‐Art in Co₃O₄ Nanoparticle Synthesis and Applications: Toward a Sustainable Future
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Kaur Arshdeep , Gaur Jyoti , Singh Pritpal , Kaur Harpreet , Kaushal Sandeep , Dalal Jasvir , Misra Mrinmoy 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co₃O₄ NPs) have emerged as highly versatile materials, recognized for their unique physicochemical properties, including superior thermal stability, magnetic characteristics, and exceptional catalytic activity. These properties have driven extensive research into their applications across diverse fields, such as environmental remediation, energy storage, and biomedical treatments. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of Co₃O₄ nanoparticle synthesis, focusing on both conventional physicochemical methods and advanced green synthesis approaches. Each synthesis method is critically assessed for its impact on particle morphology, size, and environmental compatibility, while addressing key challenges in achieving scalable and eco‐friendly production. The functional applications of Co₃O₄ NPs are explored in detail, particularly their roles in photocatalytic pollutant degradation, antibacterial applications, and energy devices, where their distinctive spinel structure is pivotal. This review consolidates recent advancements in the field and emphasizes the innovation potential of Co₃O₄ NPs as a sustainable material solution for next‐generation technologies.
Hierarchical Flower‐Like Cu3BiS3@ppy as High‐Performance Anode for Sodium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Zhao Zhipeng , Fan Zhaobao , Zheng Jinfeng 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBimetallic sulfides (BMSs) with exceptional conductivity and abundant redox active sites are the potential anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). Herein, the polypyrrole‐coated hierarchical flower‐like Cu3BiS3 composite (Cu3BiS3@ppy) had been synthesized with the use of hydrothermal method and organic polymerization process. The synergistic effects of hierarchical BMSs and conductive carbon layer provide convenient diffusion channels for Na+, abundant Na+ reaction active sites, and buffering the volumetric variation which reflect in the impressive electrochemical performance with high reversible capacity of 327 mA h g−1 after 1000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Furthermore, the Cu3BiS3@ppy exhibited excellent rate capacity of 331 mA h g−1 at 10 A g−1. Kinetic analysis also clarified that Cu3BiS3@ppy possesses ultrafast sodiation property, which revealed the potential to be a promising candidate for electrode material of SIBs.
Ln(HCOO)3 (Ln = Y, Gd, Ce, and La) With Triangular Configuration Exhibits Excellent UV Nonlinear Optical Performance
Authors: Bai Xue , Wen Xin , Lin Chensheng , Yan Yuchen , Shi Xuemei , Cao Xue , Chen Jindong , Yang Guangsai , Hu Zhanggui , Wang Jiyang , Ye Ning , Peng Guang 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIdentifying an ideal structure is essential for developing outstanding nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals, which typically involve the selection of microscopic functional building blocks (FBUs) and constructing excellent crystal structures. This often presents significant challenges. Herein, the long‐neglected π‐conjugated [HCOO]− is selected as the UV NLO‐active FBU, and a series of isomorphic anhydrous rare earth formates, Ln(HCOO)3 (Ln = Y, Gd, Ce, and La) with the space group R3m, are synthesized and characterized. This crystal series exhibits a desired delicate balance between strong second‐harmonic generation (SHG) effects (2.41–3.89 × KH2PO4), large band gaps (4.20–5.45 eV), and suitable birefringence (0.064–0.081@1064 nm). Besides, such a unique structure exhibits a significant structure‐property correlation, revealing that the ionic radius of Ln3+ is inversely related to the SHG effect, and a smaller ionic radius corresponds to stronger SHG effects.
Effect of calcined clay reactivity on the risk of restrained shrinkage‐induced early‐age concrete cracking
Authors: Canda Emily , Nguyen Quang Dieu , San Nicolas Rackel , Rasekh Haleh , Castel Arnaud 
Published: February 2025

AbstractA combination of limestone and calcined clay has emerged as a promising supplementary cementitious material due to its abundant availability to replace traditional supplementary cementitious materials such as fly ash or ground‐granulated blast‐furnace slag in reducing concrete's carbon footprint. Although different properties have been considered, very limited attention was paid to the early‐age cracking behavior of limestone calcined clay cement (LC3) concretes. This study aims to investigate the influence of calcined clay reactivity on the early‐age cracking potential of LC3 concretes using the restrained ring test. Mechanical properties, time to cracking, tensile creep coefficient, and total shrinkage were measured. Results showed that the reactivity of calcined clay significantly impacted total shrinkage, creep coefficients, and time to cracking. LC3 concretes exhibited higher tensile creep coefficients than pure ordinary Portland cement concrete, which can provide beneficial tensile stress relaxation delaying concrete cracking. An apparent calcined clay reactivity coefficient (Rapp) was proposed correlating well with the time to cracking of the restrained LC3 concrete rings, thus offering practical guidance for the selection of suitable calcined clays and mix designs for specific high‐risk applications.
Learning Computational Thinking Through Unplugged Algorithmic Explanations of Natural Selection
Authors: Peel Amanda , Sadler Troy D. , Friedrichsen Patricia 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTComputational thinking (CT) is becoming increasingly important for K‐12 science education, thus warranting new integrations of CT and science content. This intervention study integrated CT through unplugged, or handwritten, algorithmic explanations of natural selection. As students investigated natural selection in varying contexts (specific and context‐general), students created explanations based on evidence of natural selection by using algorithm concepts and engaging in CT practices. Students' CT learning over time was analyzed through algorithmic explanations created during the unit. Research questions guiding the investigation were: (1) How do students learn CT over the course of a CT and science integrated unit? (2) What are students' perspectives of learning CT in an integrated unit? (3) How do students come to think about CT and its applications? Students' CT competencies significantly increased from pre‐ to post‐unit. Students indicated creating algorithmic explanations helped them learn natural selection and develop CT competencies. At the end of the unit, students recognized the universal application of CT as a way to logically and clearly explain processes. Implications of this work are that CT can be used as a science practice that helps students simultaneously learn science and CT practice competencies. Moreover, these student learning outcomes can be achieved with unplugged, or computer‐free, CT.
Giving Generic Language Another Thought
Authors: Neufeld Eleonore , Bosse Anne , Del Pinal Guillermo , Sterken Rachel 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTAccording to an influential research program in cognitive science, philosophy, and linguistics, there is a deep, special connection between generics and pernicious aspects of social cognition, such as stereotyping. Specifically, generics are thought to exacerbate our propensity to essentialize, lead us to overgeneralize based on scarce evidence and to other epistemically dubious patterns of inference. Recently, however, several studies have put empirical and theoretical pressure on some of the main tenets of this research program. The goal of this paper is to bring these results together in a comprehensive narrative and systematically evaluate their impact on the hypothesis that generics have a uniquely problematic effect on our social and cognitive capacities.
Storm Lyly, the first storm with observed hurricane‐force winds in Finland
Authors: Laurila Terhi K. , Rantanen Mika , Punkka Ari‐Juhani 
Published: February 2025

AbstractOn 1 November 2024, Storm Lyly set a Finnish record for 10min average wind speeds (33.5ms−1 in Rauma Kylmäpihlaja), marking Finland’s first hurricane‐force winds and causing significant damage. The storm featured a strong pressure gradient over the Gulf of Bothnia and, while the low‐pressure centre was distant from the strong winds, thpotentially a secondary low over the Bothnian Bay. The flow of cold air over relatively warm sea led to steep low‐tropospheric lapse rates. Combined with a strong low‐level jet, this allowed strong and gusty winds in the upper parts of the boundary layer to reach the surface.
Microplastics occurrence in commercial crab Scylla serrata from Kaveri River of Tamil Nadu: An emerging concern for community health
Authors: Ragu Prasath Arunagiri , Selvam Kandasamy , Sudhakar Chinnappan 
Published: February 2025

AbstractMicroplastic (MPs) pollution has engulfed global aquatic systems, and the concerns about MPs translocation and bioaccumulation in fish, crabs, and other marine organisms are now an unpleasant truth. In the past few years, MPs pollution in freshwater systems, particularly rivers, and subsequently in freshwater organisms, especially in crabs, has caught the attention of researchers. Rivers provide livelihood to approximately 40% of the global population through food and potable water. Hence, assessment of emerging contaminants like MPs in waterways and the associated fauna is crucial. This study assessed MPs in crab S. serrata across the largest riverine system of south India, the Kaveri River. The MPs were characterized by optical microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy‐energy dispersive X‐ray (FESEM–EDX) analysis for their number, shape, size, and color. Polymer composition was analyzed using attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy. Polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were the dominant plastic polymers in the crab intestine. Additionally, the FE‐SEM analysis revealed that the MPs have differential surface morphology with rough surfaces, porous structures, fissures, and severe damage. Most MPs comprised Na, Si, Mg, Cl, K, and Ca, according to EDX analyses. The findings might provide insight into the status of MPs in S. serrata at Kavery river that could help in formulating regulations for MPs reduction and contamination in rivers eventually to protect the environment and human health.Practitioner Points
The first findings on the identity and properties of MPs in crabs from the Kaveri River at Mettur Dam.
A simple and cost‐effective approach for extracting microplastics from crab samples from Mettur Dam, Kaveri River, Salem District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Microplastics were detected using optical microscopy, ATR‐FTIR, and FE‐SEM.
Investigating the Effects of Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery on Systemic Immune‐Inflammation Index and Its Relationship With Smoking
Authors: Toprak Hatice , Toprak Şükrü S. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPurposeThe contribution of obesity to inflammation may play a role in the progression of obesity‐associated medical problems. The systemic immune inflammation index (SII) has recently been identified as a prognostic indicator for many adverse conditions. The primary purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of metabolic and bariatric surgeries on white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), lymphocyte (LYN), neutrophil (NEU), neutrophil/lymphocyte (NLR), platelet/neutrophil (PLR), and systemic immune inflammation index (SII). The secondary aim was to evaluate the effects of sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and gastric bypass (GB) surgeries, the most commonly performed metabolic and bariatric procedures, on individual inflammation parameters and their relationship with smoking status.MethodsThe blood inflammatory markers of the participants who underwent surgery were analyzed using the data evaluated during routine clinic follow‐ups in the preoperative period and postoperative 1st, 3rd, 6th, and 12th months.ResultsThe primary result was a statistically significant decrease in WBC, NEU, NLR, and SII values in the 3rd postoperative month in those who underwent metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) (p values for each parameter: 0.000, 0.000, 0.028, and 0.006, respectively). A statistically significant decrease in WBC, NEU, and SII values in the 3rd postoperative month compared to preoperative values in nonsmoking individuals with obesity who underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery was presented as our secondary result (p values for each parameter: 0.000, 0.000, and 0.015, respectively).ConclusionIn our study, MBS provided significant regression in inflammation parameters at 3 months after surgery in people smoking less than 10 cigarettes per day, although this effect did not seem to persist long term.Clinical Trial RegistrationACTRN12623000162617