bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Robust and efficient CAD topology generation using adaptive tolerances
Authors: Patel Paresh S. , Marcum David L. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA topology generation algorithm, commonly known as geometry repairing/healing, is presented to detect commonly found geometrical and topological issues like cracks, gaps, overlaps, intersections, T‐connections and no/invalid topology in the model, process them and build correct topological information. The present algorithm is based on the iterative vertex pair contraction and expansion operations calledstitchingandfilling, respectively. The algorithm closes small gaps/overlaps via thestitchingoperation and fills larger gaps by adding faces through thefillingoperation to process the model accurately. Moreover, the topology generation algorithm can process manifold as well as non‐manifold models, which makes the procedure more general and flexible. Most of the existing techniques use a constant tolerance for topology generation and suffer from the reliability issues and cannot preserve small details of the same size of gaps/overlaps. This algorithm uses an automatic and adaptive tolerance that enhances reliability of the process and preserves small features in the model. In this way, the combination of generality, accuracy, reliability and efficiency of this algorithm seems to be a significant improvement over existing techniques. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Convergence of asynchronous variational integrators in linear elastodynamics
Authors: Focardi Matteo , Mariano Paolo Maria 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWithin the setting of linear elastodynamics of simple bodies, we prove that the discrete action functional obtained by following the scheme of asynchronous variational integrators converges in time. The convergence in space is assured by standard arguments when the finite element mesh is progressively refined. Our strategy exploits directly the action functional. In particular, we show that, if the asynchronicity of time steps and nodal initial data satisfy a boundedness condition, any sequence of stationary points of the discrete action functional is pre‐compact in the weak−* W1,∞ topology and all its cluster points are stationary points for the continuous (in time) action. In this sense our proof is new with respect to existing ones. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
For the inf‐sup condition on mesh‐dependent norms on a nonconvex polygon
Authors: Choi Sungkyu , Kweon Jae Ryong 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is shown that the inf‐sup condition, called the Babuska–Brezzi condition, is valid for certain mesh‐dependent norms on a nonconvex polygonal domain. A bilinear form that is derived by inserting the corner singularity expansion into the Laplace equation is considered. A mesh‐dependent fractional norm related to the least order of the corner singularity at a concave vertex is considered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2008
Shape memory effect and reversible phase crystallization process in SMPU ionomer
Authors: Zhu Yong , Hu Jinlian , Choi Ka‐fai , Meng Qinghao , Chen Shaojun , Yeung Kwok‐wing 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIt is the first attempt to reveal the effect of reversible phase crystallization process on shape memory effect in shape memory polyurethane (PU) ionomer. Thereof the cyclic tensile testing was conducted with various cooling time to fix the temporary deformation for assessing shape memory function. The crystallization process of the reversible phase, poly (ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) in shape memory PU ionomers composed of different ionic group contents, 1,4‐butanediol, 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenyl isocyanate) and PCL, was investigated by using isothermal crystallization kinetics under the thermal routine similar to that for the cyclic tensile testing. The results demonstrate that the ionic groups within hard segments significantly slow down the crystal growth of the reversible phase. When the physical crosslink is strong enough, the crystallization rate would be a predominant factor determining the shape fixity ratio after various cooling time. Instead, when physical crosslink is weakening, the influence of crystallization rate is much less on the cooling time dependence of fixity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emulsion electrospinning: composite fibers from drop breakup during electrospinning
Authors: Angeles Melissa , Cheng Hsin‐Ling , Velankar Sachin S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe evaluate the feasibility of electrospinning oil‐in‐water type emulsions. The emulsions had an aqueous solution of polyethylene oxide (PEO) as the continuous phase, and either mineral oil or a polystyrene (PS) in toluene solution as the drop phase. The Taylor cones and electrified liquid jets were stable even when the emulsion drops were as large as a few‐ten microns in diameter. The resulting electrospun PEO fibers incorporated the dispersed phase of the emulsion in the form of drops (in case of mineral oil), or in the form of solid particles (in case of PS). Mineral oil drops appear to be completely encapsulated in the PEO fibers, whereas the PS particles are either incompletely encapsulated, or covered by only a very thin layer of PEO. Calculations show that in both cases, the initially large emulsion drops are broken during the electrospinning process. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of a comprehensive transcranial doppler screening program for children with sickle cell anemia
Authors: McCarville M. Beth , Goodin Geoffrey S. , Fortner Gail , Li Chin‐Shang , Smeltzer Matthew P. , Adams Robert , Wang Winfred 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundAlthough transcranial Doppler ultrasonography (TCD) screening is effective in identifying children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) who are at high risk of stroke, not all children are screened. In 2003, we instituted a comprehensive TCD screening program designed to screen all at‐risk children treated at our sickle cell center.ProcedureWe evaluated the efficacy of our program by comparing the number of patients screened per year and incidence of first stroke across three periods defined by TCD usage: (1) pre‐dating TCD screening, (2) sporadic TCD screening, and (3) comprehensive TCD screening.ResultsDuring Period 2, an average of 52 patients/year were screened. In Period 3, an average of 95 patients/year were screened representing 99% of the at‐risk population. Eighteen strokes occurred in Period 1, 22 in Period 2 and three in Period 3. The first stroke incidence was significantly lower in Period 3 compared to Periods 1 and 2 (P = 0.047). Furthermore, of the 25 patients in Periods 2 and 3 who had stroke, only six had received TCD screening (four in Period 2, two in Period 3). These six either declined prophylactic transfusion therapy (n = 2), had co‐existing stroke risk factors (n = 2), or did not return for appropriate TCD follow‐up (n = 2). Therefore, strokes that occurred were not the result of a failure of TCD screening per se.ConclusionsIt is possible to perform TCD screening of most children with SCA. TCD screening is effective in reducing first stroke incidence in these children. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:818–821. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial testing (stage 1) of the BH3 mimetic ABT‐263 by the pediatric preclinical testing program
Authors: Lock Richard , Carol Hernan , Houghton Peter J. , Morton Christopher L. , Kolb E. Anders , Gorlick Richard , Reynolds C. Patrick , Maris John M. , Keir Stephen T. , Wu Jianrong , Smith Malcolm A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundABT‐263 is a potent (Ki < 1 nM) small‐molecule BH3 mimetic that inhibits the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL and Bcl‐w. The structurally related Bcl‐2 inhibitor ABT‐737 exhibits single‐agent preclinical activity against lymphoma, small‐cell lung carcinoma, and chronic lymphocytic leukemia and displays synergistic cytotoxicity with chemotherapeutics and radiation.MethodsABT‐263 was tested at concentrations ranging from 1.0 nM to 10.0 µM using 23 cell lines from the PPTP in vitro panel and was tested in 44 xenograft models representing nine distinct histologies using daily gavage administration of ABT‐263 (100 mg/kg) or vehicle for 21 days.ResultsABT‐263 was active against approximately one‐half of the cell lines of the PPTP in vitro panel. The median IC50 for all of the lines in the panel was 1.91 µM. ABT‐263 induced significant prolongation of the EFS distribution in 9 of 35 (26%) of the solid tumor xenografts, and in 5 of 6 (83%) of the evaluable ALL xenografts. ABT‐263 induced no objective responses in the solid tumor panels, but induced CRs in 3 of 6 evaluable xenografts in the ALL panel, including two that were maintained for an additional 3 weeks following treatment cessation.ConclusionsABT‐263 demonstrated in vitro activity against a range of cell lines, with the ALL cell lines showing the greatest sensitivity. ABT‐263 demonstrated limited single agent in vivo activity against the PPTP's solid tumor panels but showed significant activity against xenografts in the ALL panel. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1181–1189. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Weight No More: a randomised controlled trial for people with type 2 diabetes on insulin therapy
Authors: Cheyette C 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThis study investigated whether a newly developed, dietitian led, weight management programme ‘Weight No More’ was effective at helping patients with type 2 diabetes, who are established on insulin therapy, to lose weight in both the short and long term.Forty‐nine patients were recruited to this randomised controlled trial using convenience volunteer sampling. Patients were randomised into either a control group (n = 20) or an intervention group (n = 29). The intervention group underwent the Weight No More programme consisting of eight 11/2 hour group teaching sessions. The control group received their standard diabetes care of an appointment with the dietitian on an annual basis.Measurements of outcome variables were taken at baseline, four months (end of intervention), six months and 12 months post‐intervention. At four months the intervention group saw a significant decrease in weight of 2.2kg (p<0.01) and in HbA1c of 0.9% (p<0.01), and insulin use reduction of 10.1 units (p<0.01). The control group also had a significant decrease in HbA1c of 0.3% (p<0.01), although this was less than the intervention group; no other significant changes were seen. At six and 12 months post‐intervention there were no significant differences when compared to baseline measurements in either group.The Weight No More programme is an effective short‐term treatment option for overweight patients with diabetes. However, when compared to standard care, the beneficial effects of the programme are lost after six months and 12 months follow up. Further research is required to establish weight maintenance strategies and cost effectiveness. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
ABCD position statement on lipid modifying drug therapy in diabetes
Authors: Feher MD , Winocour PH 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention in diabetes is a major therapeutic issue. There are currently several UK based published guidelines for the management of cardiovascular risk in diabetes. Treatment thresholds and targets for the use of lipid modifying drugs vary according to which guideline is consulted. In the light of the variations between guidelines, ABCD endorses an individual ‘tailored’ approach, underpinned by clinical and economic pragmatism. Assessment should include the presence of CVD and other risk factors as well as management of conditions which may alter the lipid profile.Compelling reasons to use statins in adults with diabetes include: clinically manifest CVD; high or marked elevation of LDL (often from a defined genetic cause); treated hypertension, or those with persistent proteinuria (microalbuminuria or proteinuria) or reduced filtration function (eGFR <60 ml/min); and include the majority of diabetes patients above 50 years of age without additional CVD risk factors. Due to limited trial data assessing lipid lowering and clinical outcome in the 30–50 year age group, a ‘tailored’ approach to statin use rather than a ‘statin for all’ should be applied to those with type 1 diabetes. Statin therapy for younger type 2 diabetes (children and those aged up to 40) also needs further clarification and should currently be restricted to those at highest CVD risk. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Alterations of oestradiol, testosterone, gonadotrophins and SHBG by type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women
Authors: Gooding KM , Spyer G , Tooke JE , Macleod KM 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSex hormones influence cardiovascular risk and bone mineral density. Total oestradiol is increased in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes, whereas its impact on androgens, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and gonadotrophins in postmenopausal women is not so clearly understood. This study aims to clarify the impact of type 2 diabetes on sex hormone levels in Caucasian postmenopausal women.Type 2 diabetic (n=42) and non‐diabetic (n=45) postmenopausal women were recruited. Venous blood samples were drawn and assayed for total oestradiol, total testosterone, luteinising hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and SHBG. Ratio of total testosterone to SHBG was used as an index of free testosterone (FT).Total oestradiol and FT were significantly higher in diabetic subjects compared to controls— oestradiol median: 59.5(25th,75th centiles: 41.5,74.5) vs 42.5(37.0,59.8)pmol/L, p=0.009 Mann‐Whitney test; and FT: 0.038(0.021,0.070) vs 0.022(0.012,0.036), p=0.003. SHBG, FSH and LH were lower in diabetic subjects compared to controls— SHBG: 32(23.3,47.3) vs 55(37,70)nmol/L, p<0.001; FSH: 54.8(42.2,68.7) vs 71.8(55.9,98.9)iu/L, p=0.001; and LH: 27.9(20.6,39.7) vs 39.2(30.9,48.1)iu/L, p=0.011— but total testosterone was not different. The differences in oestradiol, SHBG and FSH remained when subjects were matched for BMI and age (n=29).Preliminary sub‐group analysis suggests that these differences may be influenced by form of diabetic therapy and glycaemic control. Type 2 diabetes is associated with altered levels of total oestradiol, FT, SHBG, FSH, LH, in postmenopausal women. However, further research is required to determine the impact of diabetic therapy and glycaemic control, and also the clinical relevance of these alterations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Recurrent diabetic ketoalkalosis in type 1 diabetes and gastroparesis
Authors: Elmalti AYM , Mansfield MW 
Published: December 2007

AbstractUsually, absolute insulin deficiency in type 1 diabetes rapidly leads to hyperglycaemia and ketosis. We describe a patient who has recurrently presented with diabetic ketoalkalosis, an infrequently described metabolic derangement. He was admitted with a series of three acute presentations over a one‐year period with persistent vomiting, abdominal pain, hyperglycaemia, ketonuria and biochemical evidence of metabolic alkalosis (pH >7.68, plasma bicarbonate >36mmol/L, chloride 65–84mmol/L). There was no history of alkaline ingestion. On each occasion he was treated with intravenous insulin and 0.9% sodium chloride rehydration, which corrected his biochemical abnormality. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy after the first episode showed duodenal ulceration with no pyloric obstruction, for which he was treated with a proton pump inhibitor. Because of his recurrent vomiting and clinical signs of gastric outlet obstruction he underwent gastric emptying studies after a period of in‐patient euglycaemia. These showed significant delay in solid and liquid phase gastric emptying.We propose that his recurrent presentation with ketoalkalosis and hypochloraemia is due to gastroparesis leading to vomiting of gastric hydrochloric acid in excess of duodenal bicarbonate loss. The alkalosis is exacerbated by potassium depletion and by hypovolaemia resulting from persistent vomiting and glucose driven osmotic diuresis (contraction alkalosis). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Electro‐synthesized PEDOT/glutamate chemically modified electrode: a combination of electrical and biocompatible features
Authors: Che Jianfei , Xiao Yinghong , Zhu Xufei , Sun Xiaojie 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Neural prosthetic devices have been developed that can facilitate the stimulation and recording of electrical activity when implanted in the central nervous system. The key parts of the devices are metal (gold) electrodes; however, surface modification of the gold electrode is desired. Conducting polymers are promising candidates for this purpose.RESULTS: A conducting polymer, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), was electro‐polymerized onto gold electrodes with a neural transmitter of glutamate (Glu) as dopant. A protocol of ion exchange was employed due to the difficulty of direct incorporation of Glu into PEDOT. Sodium p‐toluenesulfonate (TSNa) was chosen as the first dopant and subsequent incorporation of Glu was accomplished via ion exchange. The electrochemical properties of the resultant PEDOT/Glu were studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The purpose of incorporating Glu was to improve the biocompatibility of the coated electrode. The PEDOT/Glu‐coated electrode showed better cell attachment compared with a PEDOT/TSNa‐coated electrode in in vitro cell culture of PC12. The stability of PEDOT was studied by immersing the coated electrode in a biologically relevant reducing agent of glutathione.CONCLUSION: The charge capacity of the coated electrode had an initial slight decrease and then remained unchanged. Good electro‐activity was conserved, indicating the superior stability of PEDOT in the biological environment. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteome analysis of Streptococcus suis serotype 2
Authors: Jing Hong‐Bo , Yuan Jing , Wang Jie , Yuan Yuan , Zhu Li , Liu Xian‐Kai , Zheng Yu‐Ling , Wei Kai‐Hua , Zhang Xue‐Min , Geng Hong‐Ran , Duan Qing , Feng Shu‐Zhang , Yang Rui‐Fu , Cao Wu‐Chun , Wang Heng‐Liang , Jiang Yong‐Qiang 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOutbreaks in humans, caused by Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2), were reported in 1998 and 2005 in China. However, the mechanism of SS2‐associated infection remains unclear. For the first time, a 2‐D gel approach combined with MS was used to establish a comprehensive 2‐D reference map for aiding our understanding of the pathogenicity of SS2. The identification of 694 out of 834 processed spots revealed 373 proteins. Most of the identified proteins were located in the cytoplasm and were involved in energy metabolism, protein synthesis, and cellular processes. Proteins that were abundant in the 2‐DE gels could be linked mainly to housekeeping functions in carbohydrate metabolism, protein quality control and translation. 2‐DE of secretory proteins was performed using IPG strips of pH 4–7. Among the 102 protein spots processed, 87 spots representing 77 proteins were successfully identified. Some virulence‐associated proteins of SS2 were found, including arginine deiminase, ornithine carbamoyl‐transferase, carbamate kinase, muramidase‐released protein precursor, extracellur factor, and suilysin. Enolase and endopeptidase have been proposed as putative virulence‐associated factors in this study. The 2‐D reference map might provide a powerful tool for analyzing the virulence factor and the regulatory network involved in the pathogenicity of this microorganism.
Comparison of human platelet membrane‐cytoskeletal proteins with the plasma proteome: Towards understanding the platelet‐plasma nexus
Authors: Greening David W. , Glenister Kristen M. , Kapp Eugene A. , Moritz Robert L. , Sparrow Rosemary L. , Lynch Garry W. , Simpson Richard J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPlatelets are essential for maintaining vascular integrity. Given the anucleate nature of platelets, definition of their proteome is essential for understanding platelet pathophysiology. We describe here a detailed MS‐based proteomic analysis of the platelet membrane/cytoskeletal sub‐proteome from purified, normal, non‐activated human platelets. In contrast to previous platelet proteomic purification strategies, the buffy‐coat method was utilized in this study to isolate and purify minimally activated platelets, yielding significantly reduced contaminants for leukocytes (0.02 ± 0.007×106/L) and erythrocytes (0.21 ± 0.02%). Using a false discovery rate of 1%, 203 proteins were identified and characterized with respect to their subcellular localization, biological function, and cellular processes. Of these, 16 have not been identified in previous human platelet proteome studies. As a first approach towards understanding the dynamic platelet‐plasma protein composition nexus, we re‐analysed the entire HUPO plasma proteome project dataset (647 plasma proteins identified) and compared these data with our platelet proteome dataset. Co‐identified proteins (41) were further analysed with respect to their relative abundances (exponentially modified protein abundance index) and functional enrichment in these two proteomes, as well as their correlation with the platelet transcriptome. Both platelet membrane/cytoskeletal and plasma proteome reference datasets, comprising both processed and unprocessed MS/MS spectra, are publicly accessible (http://www.ludwig.edu.au/archive/).
Using nuclear morphometry to predict the need for treatment among men with low grade, low stage prostate cancer enrolled in a program of expectant management with curative intent
Authors: Makarov Danil V. , Marlow Cameron , Epstein Jonathan I. , Miller M. Craig , Landis Patricia , Partin Alan W. , Carter H. Ballentine , Veltri Robert W. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractPURPOSEWe assessed the use of quantitative clinical and pathologic information to predict which patients would eventually require treatment for prostate cancer (CaP) in an expectant management (EM) cohort.EXPERIMENTAL DESIGNWe identified 75 men having prostate cancer with favorable initial biopsy characteristics; 30 developed an unfavorable biopsy (Gleason grade > 6, >2 cores with cancer, >50% of a core with cancer, or a palpable nodule) requiring treatment and 45 maintained favorable biopsies throughout a median follow‐up of 2.7years. Demographic, clinical data and quantitative tissue histomorphometry determined by digital image analysis were analyzed.RESULTSLogistic regression (LR) modeling generated a quantitative nuclear grade (QNG) signature based on the enrollment biopsy for differentiation of Favorable and Unfavorable groups using a variable LR selection criteria of Pz < 0.05. The QNG signature utilized 12 nuclear morphometric descriptors (NMDs) and had an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC‐AUC) of 87% with a sensitivity of 82%, specificity of 70% and accuracy of 75%. A multivariable LR model combining QNG signature with clinical and pathological variables yielded an AUC‐ROC of 88% and a sensitivity of 81%, specificity of 78% and accuracy of 79%. A LR model using prostate volume, PSA density, and number of pre‐diagnosis biopsies resulted in an AUC‐ROC of 68% and a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 37% and accuracy of 56%.CONCLUSIONSQNG using EM prostate biopsies improves the predictive accuracy of LR models based on traditional clinicopathologic variables in determining which patients will ultimately develop an unfavorable biopsy. Our QNG‐based model must be rigorously, prospectively validated prior to use in the clinical arena. Prostate 68: 183–189, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.