bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Peritoneal dissemination after a curative gastrectomy in patients with undifferentiated adenocarcinoma of the stomach
Authors: Ohno Shinji , Maehara Yoshihiko , Ohiwa Hisao , Oshiro Tatsuo , Kakeji Yoshihiro , Baba Hideo , Furusawa Motonosuke , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPeritoneal dissemination is the major pattern of recurrence in patients with gastric cancer. Among the 1,337 patients with gastric cancer who underwent a curative resection, a multivariate analysis showed that the independent risk factors for the occurrence of peritoneal dissemination were an undifferentiated tissue type and serosal invasion. We focus our attention on 477 patients with undifferentiated type tumor, in which the postoperative prognosis and the pattern of recurrence after curative resection were evaluated with regard to the depth of the cancerous invasion in the gastric wall. Patients with tumors limiting to the subserosal layer had a satisfactory post‐operative course, with five‐year survival rates of 98.5%, 97.4%, and 82.5% in patients with tumors limiting to the submucosal layer, the muscularis propria and subserosal layer, respectively. In 179 patients with tumors invading to the subserosal layer, however, the five year survival rate was only 48.2%. Seventy‐one died of peritoneal dissemination, while 24 and 15 were due to hematogenous and local recurrences, respectively. Only 50 (27.9%) survived over 5 years without any recurrence. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prognosis of patients with gastric cancer and pyloric stenosis: Histological differentiation
Authors: Watanabe Akihiro , Oshiro Tatsuo , Oiwa Hisao , Ohno Shinji , Adachi Yosuke , Anai Hideaki , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe clinicopathology of gastric cancer with pyloric stenosis was examined with special reference to histological differentiation. One hundred sixteen patients treated in Department of Surgery II, Kyushu University Hospital, were classified into differentiated (DT: n = 47) and undifferentiated types (UT: n = 69). The UT group was significantly younger than the DT group (P < 0.05). There were no differences in the incidence of serosal invasion, liver metastasis, lymph node metastasis, and the clinical stage between the groups. The incidence of peritoneal dissemination of the UT group was 41% (28/69), a value significantly higher than the 23% (11/47) for the DT group (P < 0.05). The 5‐year survival rates of the DT and UT groups were 27% and 16%, respectively, with survival time for the UT group being significantly less than that of the DT group (P < 0.05).In patients with pyloric stenosis and an undifferentiated adenocarcinoma with the risk of peritoneal dissemination, intensive adjuvant chemotherapy seems essential to improve the prognosis. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helix pomatia agglutinin binding activity and lymph node metastasis in patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Kakeji Yoshihiro , Maehara Yoshihiko , Tsujitani Shunichi , Baba Hideo , Ohno Shinji , Watanabe Akihiro , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe made use of Helix pomatia agglutinin (HPA) staining to examine 218 gastric cancer tissues (163 primary tumors and 55 metastatic lymph nodes), using the avidin‐biotin‐peroxidase complex method. The positive HPA staining rate was 59% (96/163) for the primary tumors, and this positive staining correlated well (with statistical significance) with lymphatic invasion and metastasis (P < 0.01). In the metastatic lymph nodes, the majority of cancer cells (49/55: 89%) stained positively for HPA. Tumors with positive HPA staining often metastasized to lymph nodes. Patients with gastric cancer and positive HPA staining of their tumor tissues lived for a shorter time than did those with a negative staining, even in the absence of metastasis to the lymph nodes (P < 0.01). Careful follow‐up and aggressive therapy are required postoperatively for patients with an HPA‐positive gastric cancer. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gastric cancer in a general hospital in Japan
Authors: Ikeda Yoichi , Haraguchi Yukiaki , Mori Masaki , Kajiyama Kiyoshi , Yamagata Motoyuki , Adachi Yosuke , Sugimachi Keizo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring 20 years from 1971 to 1990, 605 patients with gastric cancer were treated by gastric resection at a medium‐size general hospital by one surgeon. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 61.9%. The 5‐year survival rates in the first 10 years (n = 261) and the second 10 years (n = 344) were 53.7% and 67.9%, respectively (P < 0.01). In the second 10 years there was a significant increase in the patients with early gastric cancer (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, operative procedure or R2 or R3 lymph node dissection did not show any improvement of the 5‐year survival rates. These results indicate that the prognosis for gastric cancer was relatively good at a general hospital which does not specialize in cancer research, and that much of the improvement in the prognosis could be attributed to the increase in the incidence of patients with early gastric cancer. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Diet and adenomatous polyp risk
Authors: Nelson Richard L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStudies of risk factors for colonic adenomatous polyps have been reported in greater numbers in 1993 than in all previous years combined. This explosion in interest in polyps has not arisen because polyps themselves cause serious illness. They are in the vast majority of cases asymptomatic. However, adenomas have become the surrogate for colon cancer in a number of phase III dietary intervention trials. These trials were undertaken at a time when very little was known of adenoma risk factors. Data accumulated in the past 18 months in general demonstrate a similarity in risk factors for cancer and polyp. Since it has also been recently established that polypectomy diminishes colon cancer risk, the adenomatous polyp has been established as an ethical and convenient surrogate for cancer of the colon. Prevention of colorectal cancer is the goal of all the above studies, and it is hoped that the dietary intervention trials currently under way will generate the data that will make prevention possible. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colorectal cancer recurrence and perioperative blood transfusions: A critical reappraisal
Authors: Busch Olivier R. C. , Marquet Richard L , Hop WIM C. J. , Jeekel Johannes 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe last 2 decades the immunomodulatory effect of blood transfusions has been investigated intensively. The effect of blood transfusions on the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients is reviewed in this paper. We made an evaluation of the material from animal and from clinical studies present in the literature. The results from clinical randomized trials dealing with this subject, which have been published recently, are discussed as well. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Causes of death and postsurgical survival in familial adenomatous polyposis: Results from the italian registry
Authors: Bertario Lucio , Presciuttini Silvano , Sala Paola , Rossetti Carlo , Pietroiusti Marcello 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCauses of death were evaluated among 350 deceased patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) recorded in the Italian Polyposis Registry: 78.1% were due to colorectal cancer, 9.5% to extracolonic cancer (more than half of the upper gastrointestinal tract), 3.6% to desmoid tumors, and 8.8% to other causes. The age at diagnosis among 604 patients was studied in relation to presence of symptoms at presentation and presence of colonic cancer at surgery. In asymptomatic patients younger than 30 years the risk of colonic cancer was 3.3% and in symtomatic patients older than 40 it was 80%. A life‐table analysis showed that postsurgical survival among patients without cancer at colectomy was 68% after 30 years, whereas that of patients with cancer was 41% after 10 years. The alternative prophylactic treatments of total colectomy with ileorectal anastomosis versus total proctocolectomy (IRA vs. IAA) were compared in terms of postsurgical survival. Both treatments showed a survival of 83% after 10 years. The risk of cancer in the rectal stump after IRA was 14.5% after 15 years and 25.2% after 25 years; the corresponding risks of dying from it were 4.3% and 9.3%, respectively. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Anal adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive review
Authors: Tarazi Raed , Nelson Richard L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenocarcinoma of the anal canal is a rare form of a rare tumor. It remains less prevalent than both basaloid and keratinizing tumors of the anal canal. Within the category of anal adenocarcinomas, uniformity in histology, biology, or etiology is lacking. This makes subdivision of this rare entity by various parameters necessary. Several etiologic associations have been described, such as chronic fistula‐in‐ano, anal Crohn's disease, and anal sexual intercourse, raising the issue of cancer prevention and early detection.Various available therapeutic options are also discussed with emphasis on the seemingly promising results of preoperative chemo‐ and radiation therapy. Because of the rarity and apparent heterogeneity of this tumor, no comparative or analytic epidemiologic studies have been conducted that might resolve these issues.Whether histology differentiates anal adenocarcinoma from anal squamous or cloacogenic tumors in the determination of natural history and allocation to optimal therapy remains unclear. It may be that the gross anatomic location of the tumor alone determines the above and histology is superfluous. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolution of screening for epithelial ovarian carcinoma: The quest for early diagnosis
Authors: Look Katherine Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEpithelial ovarian carcinoma remains the most fatal of gynecologic malignancies, causing approximately 13,300 deaths annually. This high mortality rate is due to the presence of advanced stage disease at time of diagnosis. Symptoms early in the course of the disease are frequently nonspecific and go unrecognized by both the patient and the physician. The cause‐specific mortality may decrease if a sufficiently sensitive screening modality can be developed to allow early diagnosis and curative therapy. The ideal screening tests or algorithm utilizing several tests must have sufficient specificity to minimize false positives, which contribute to patient anxiety and inefficient use of health care dollars. The development and refinement of the various methodologies used in screening of epithelial ovarian carcinoma will be the subject of this review. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Second‐line chemotherapy for refractory cancer: Intraperitoneal chemotherapy
Authors: Markman Maurie 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOver the past decade intraperitoneal therapy in the management of ovarian cancer has evolved from a pharmacokinetic concept into a rationale treatment strategy for a specific subset of patients with this disease. Patients with small‐volume residual ovarian cancer (microscopic disease only or macroscopic tumor with largest tumor nodule ≤ 0.5 cm in maximum diameter) when treatment is initiated are reasonable candidates to be considered for this therapeutic strategy. At least for salvage platinum‐based intraperitoneal therapy, a documented prior response to systemic cisplatin or carboplatin helps to define a patient population who would be anticipated to have the greatest opportunity to respond to a regional treatment approach. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer of the ovary
Authors: Morton Gerard , Thomas Gillian M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe initial management of carcinoma of the ovary is surgical. The need for further treatment is determined by a consideration of tumor stage, grade, and the presence of residual disease. Approximately one‐third of patients are suitably managed by primary post‐operative radiotherapy directed to the entire abdomen and pelvis with curative intent. Patients are mainly derived from stages i and ii. Stage iii patients are also included if the tumor is of low grade and there is no pelvic residuum. The dose which can be safely delivered to the upper abdomen is limited by normal tissue tolerance. Curative radiation is inappropriate for patients with upper abdominal disease and/or more than small volume residuum in the pelvis. These patients are best managed with chemotherapy. Suitably selected patients have a ten‐year relapse‐free survival of 68% following radiotherapy. Acute gastrointestinal symptoms are common during the treatment, but are usually amenable to symptomatic management. Long term morbidity is infrequent, and with modern techniques the incidence of treatment‐related small bowel obstruction is around 5%. Radiotherapy to the abdomen and pelvis has also a potential role as consolidative treatment in patients with advanced disease, following a favourable response to chemotherapy © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular determinants of soft tissue sarcoma proliferation
Authors: Pollock Raphael E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoft tissue sarcoma is an extremely rare malignant disease that includes more than 15 distinct histologic subtypes. While all share a propensity for metastasis to the lungs, the clinical presentation and pattern of spread for the specific subtypes are remarkably viable. Little is known about the etiology of soft tissue sarcoma other than several well described epidemiological associations between ionizing and other toxic agents and several of the soft tissue sarcoma histologic subtypes. The key to understanding the etiologic factors driving soft tissue sarcoma proliferation and dissemination lies in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying these oncologic processes. Progress in this regard has been difficult because of the rarity of this disease. This report reviews the current state of knowledge for three of the most important considerations involving the molecular etiology of soft tissue sarcoma: growth factors and their receptors, nuclear and cytoplas‐mic oncogenes, and tumor suppressor genes. As we learn more about these molecular mechanisms leading to proliferation and dissemination of soft tissue sarcoma, molecularly based genetic therapies will become a reality for this all too devastating, albeit rare, disease. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Operative management of soft tissue sarcomas: Impact of anatomic site
Authors: Lawrence Walter 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOperative management of soft tissue sarcomas begins with the surgical biopsy. Incisional biopsy of an undiagnosed soft tissue mass allows optimal later definitive resection, this resection including the entire biopsy wound, as well as accomplishing an “adequate” margin around the sarcoma. The principles employed for this resection are those that lead to adequate gross and microscopic margins of normal tissue around the sarcoma while considering the limitations, in terms of physical disability, from the procedure itself. This operative strategy is described for various anatomic locations, such as the extremities, trunk, retroperitoneum, and head and neck; special problems with each of these primary sites are discussed. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Retroperitoneal sarcomas
Authors: McGrath Patrick C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRetroperitoneal sarcomas are rare malignant tumors, accounting for approximately 10‐20% of all soft tissue sarcomas. Because of their anatomic location and indolent nature, these tumors are usually quite extensive when first detected with little hope of improvement in the early detection rate. Improved survival rates will therefore depend on obtaining better local control through an aggressive surgical approach, making every effort to achieve a complete resection with histologic negative margins, which in most cases will require the resection of adjacent organs or vascular structures. Even with such aggressive surgical approach, continued problems with local recurrence are reported and it is important to follow patients who had undergone surgical resection very carefully in order to identify those who would benefit from reresection. The results of postoperative adjuvant irradiation and/or chemotherapy have so far been discouraging. Until there is a national registry and a national intergroup study to develop strategies and innovative trials for the effective treatment of these tumors, it is unlikely that there will be much improvement in the current survival rates. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sarcomas related to the heart and vasculature
Authors: Raaf Heather N. , Raaf John H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSoft tissue sarcoma is the most common malignant neoplasm of the heart, pericardium, and great vessels. Its presentation is infrequent, nonspecific, and subtle. For example, emboli from these tumors to the lungs or peripheral arteries may mimic thrombotic embolic disease. New noninvasive techniques such as echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aid in diagnosis and preoperative assessment. Angiosarcoma, the most common cardiac sarcoma, is aggressive and usually arises in the right atrium. Kaposi's sarcoma of the heart has been found in patients with AIDS and in immunosuppressed organ transplant recipients. Most primary sarcomas of the aorta and pulmonary artery (the elastic arteries) show minimal differentiation and are classified as “intimal sarcomas,” whereas leiomyosarcomas predominate in the muscular arteries and great veins. Surgical resection of any sarcoma of the vasculature, when feasible, is technically challenging but may result in cure or palliation. Adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy can also relieve symptoms and prolong survival. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic surgery for colorectal neoplasms
Authors: Ambroze Wayne L. , Orangio Guy R. , Armstrong David , Schertzer Marion , Lucas George 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLaparoscopy is being used to assist in an increasing number and variety of bowel procedures. However, when being used for neoplastic disease concerns of margins and adequacy of mesenteric dissection must be addressed. We've performed 110 laparoscopic‐assisted bowel procedures, with 45 of these performed for neoplastic disease. Ninety‐two bowel resections were performed including 24 subtotal, total, or proctocolectomies. In this chapter we review the results of our series, as well as other reported series, and discuss some of the controversies involved with laparoscopy for neoplastic disease. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of laparoscopy in diagnosis and treatment of primary or metastatic liver cancer
Authors: Eubanks Steve 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLaparoscopy is considered a modality complimentary to the current staging techniques. Radiology offers sophisticated evaluations such as CT, MRI, ultrasound, and invasive vascular radiologic procedures. Laparoscopy when applied appropriately can provide a diagnosis with increased accuracy and eliminate unnecessary delays in formulating a treatment plan. If a patient appears to have a resectable lesion or lesions and is deemed an acceptable surgical candidate, it is appropriate for laparoscopy to be performed just prior to opening the abdomen for purposes of hepatic resection. The techniques of biopsy, laparoscopic intra‐abdominal ultrasound, and the limitations of laparoscopy are discussed in detail. Lastly, the role of laparoscopic hepatic resection and its application, particularly in superficial or peripheral lesions, is presented. The role of laparoscopy in hepatic lesions is evolving where it is obvious that it offers benefits not available through other means in evaluating the liver tumor. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic nephrectomy and adrenalectomy
Authors: Albala David M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLaparoscopic surgery is a rapidly evolving technique in minimally invasive surgery. In the 1970s and 1980s, the greatest advances in laparoscopy were achieved by the gynecologists. Urologist, however, have used the laparoscope for many diagnostic as well as therapeutic procedures. The initial urological procedures performed included the localization of undescended testicles. Following this, procedures such as pelvic lymphadenectomy and varix ligation became common. This paper will review the current applications of laparoscopic nephrectomy and adrenalectomy. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Laparoscopic staging of prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Schoborg Thomas W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCurrent treatment of prostate cancer is highly controversial, however accurate assessment of pelvic lymph node status is important to determine early in the course of therapy if adjuvant hormonal ablation is necessary. Indications for laparoscopic assessment of pelvic lymph nodes are now better defined and the technique requires a high degree of technical skill and expertise. A series of 50 patients who underwent laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy is presented. A greater than 40% chance of node positivity was found in a group of patients who had either a clinical stage B2, C, DO, or a prostate‐specific antigen level greater than 40 ng/dl, or a total Gleason score of 7, 8, 9, or 10. Laparoscopic pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the current method to accurately stage lymph node involvement in prostate carcinoma.©1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radical prostatectomy or deferred treatment?
Authors: Studer Urs E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractScreening for prostate cancer has intensified, due both to increased patient and physician awareness and to the availability of new, more sensitive diagnostic tools (prostate‐specific antigen [PSA], rectal ultrasound, etc.). Consequently, the number of newly diagnosed cases of prostatic cancer is rising rapidly, whereas the frequency of death due to prostate cancer remains almost stable. It must therefore be assumed that the number of patients in whom a diagnosed prostate cancer will not be fatal is also increasing. Consequently, not every prostatic carcinoma requires radical treatment when diagnosed. Also, it must be concluded that not every man who is a long‐term survivor after radical prostatectomy owes his survival to the treatment. Long‐term survival may reflect the relatively benign biological potential of this disease in an individual patient. Therefore there is an inherent risk of overtreat‐ing patients and this must be weighed against the costs, the postoperative morbidity, and the mortality, albeit low, of a radical prostatectomy. Nevertheless, as long as we do not have diagnostic tools which, at an early stage of prostatic cancer, enable us to determine whether a carcinoma will ultimately have a fatal outcome, we are obliged to offer a radical prostatectomy to younger patients (who have a life expectancy of more than 10 years) as long as they have organ‐confined disease. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Radiotherapy of prostate cancer: Established results and new developments
Authors: Dearnaley David P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRadical radiotherapy has been established as an effective modality for eradicating localised prostate cancer. No satisfactory comparisons have been made with patients treated by total prostatectomy, but in surgically staged patients with negative lymph nodes survival after radiotherapy exceeds that of an aged matched population, cancer deaths occurring in only 6–15% of patients and 85% remaining free of local recurrence after 10 years. Results are predictably less satisfactory in surgically unstaged cases and for more advanced localised presentations. Nevertheless, radical radiotherapy achieves local control of disease in the majority of patients. Improved local control may be obtained by increasing radiation dose but at the expense of increased radiation‐induced side‐effects. Conformai radiotherapy and combined modality treatment with the neoadjuvant or adjuvant androgen deprivation show considerable promise as novel methods to improve the therapeutic ratio, and prospective randomised studies are underway to test these approaches. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.