bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lessons learned from conducting a community‐based, nurse‐led HIV prevention trial with youth experiencing homelessness: Pivots and pitfalls
Authors: Santa Maria Diane M. , Fernandez‐Sanchez Higinio , Nyamathi Adey , Lightfoot Marguerita , Quadri Yasmeen , Paul Mary , Jones Jennifer Torres 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis article highlights key lessons learned while conducting a nurse‐led community‐based HIV prevention trial with youth experiencing homelessness (YEH), focusing on sexually transmitted infections testing and treatment, intervention sessions, community partnerships, and participant recruitment and retention.DesignThe insights and experiences shared aim to inform future research and the design of interventions targeting populations at high risk, particularly when facing unanticipated challenges. By addressing these areas, the article contributes to the decision‐making for the design and delivery of effective strategies to improve the health outcomes among marginalized populations.ResultsThe findings underscore the importance of flexibility and active participant engagement, cultivating strong relationships with community partners, utilizing technology and social media, and fostering a diverse research team that represents the heterogeneity of youth experiencing homelessness across race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, and lived experiences.ConclusionsThese recommendations aim to enhance participant access, engagement, and retention, while promoting rigorous research and meaningful study outcomes for YEH.
Genome‐wide association study of adult plant resistance to spot blotch in an elite Canadian two‐row barley germplasm collection
Authors: Tucker James R. , Badea Ana , Fernando W. G. Dilantha , Hiebert Colin W. , Woitas Alexander C. , Beattie Aaron D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSpot blotch, caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is a growing concern for barley (Hordeum vulgare) production in most humid, temperate growing regions of the world. Under epidemic conditions, this disease can reduce yields significantly. Reduction of kernel plumpness is associated with lower malt extract and consequently grain quality. Enhanced resistance to this disease is a major goal of western Canadian two‐row barley breeding programmes; however, two‐row barley is considered to be more susceptible than six‐row barley. Plant–pathogen interactions observed for Canadian germplasm are polygenic, where quantitative breeding methods could be beneficial for the development of resistant germplasm. A germplasm panel consisting of 200 two‐row, spring barley genotypes with differential reaction to spot blotch was evaluated at Brandon, Manitoba (MB), and Melfort, Saskatchewan (SK), over eight site years. Genome‐wide association study was conducted using a 50k single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) Illumina iSelect genotyping array. The most‐resistant germplasm was found to carry Midwest Six‐rowed Durable Resistant Haplotype (MSDRH) alleles at the loci located on chromosomes 1H (Rcs‐qtl‐1H‐11_10764), 3H (Rcs‐qtl‐3H‐11_10565) and 7H (Rcs‐qtl‐7H‐11_20162, Rcs5 locus), where the 3H locus was found to be the most under‐represented in Canadian germplasm. Additional marker‐trait associations within nurseries were identified on chromosomes 1H, 2H and 4H. Several of the SNP markers identified were found to be polymorphic within the Canadian two‐row germplasm panel and thus could be useful for enhancing spot blotch resistance in two‐row barley for development of resistant cultivars.
Reviewing workplace innovation as a plea for a practical approach
Authors: Oeij Peter R. A. , Dhondt Steven 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWorkplace innovation (WPI) approaches share the ‘advancement’ of work as a commonality, that is, the notion of good jobs and its relation with good business performance. How WPI approaches contribute to the advancement of work is discussed in this ‘narrative review’ of the WPI literature, which intends to provide direction to future study and implementation of advanced work. A human‐centric theoretical position is chosen with regard to WPI, good work and well‐performing organisations. The heart of the review is investigating the roots of WPI and its historical development along the lines of four different research streams: sociology and organisation research, safety science and organisation research, economic strategy and human resources research, and psychology and behavioural research. These streams are evaluated from their contribution to advanced work, ‘good jobs’. In this review of WPI as a plea for a practical approach, we conclude how the streams connect to the conceptualisation of WPI and human‐centricity, discuss the implications for practice and some limitations, and make recommendations for future research.
Efflux pump effects on levofloxacin resistance in
Mycobacterium abscessus
Authors: Teng Tianlu , Chen Suting , Huo Fengmin , Jia Junnan , Zhao Liping , Jiang Guanglu , Wang Fen , Chu Naihui , Huang Hairong 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium abscessus (M. abscessus
) inherently displays resistance to most antibiotics, with the underlying drug resistance mechanisms remaining largely unexplored. Efflux pump is believed to play an important role in mediating drug resistance. The current study examined the potential of efflux pump inhibitors to reverse levofloxacin (LFX) resistance in
M. abscessus
. The reference strain of
M. abscessus
(ATCC19977) and 60 clinical isolates, including 41
M. abscessus
subsp.
abscessus
and 19
M
.
abscessus
subsp.
massilense
, were investigated. The drug sensitivity of
M. abscessus
against LFX alone or in conjunction with efflux pump inhibitors, including verapamil (VP), reserpine (RSP), carbonyl cyanide 3-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), were determined by AlarmarBlue microplate assay. Drug-resistant regions of the
gyrA
and
gyrB
genes from the drug-resistant strains were sequenced. The transcription level of the efflux pump genes was monitored using qRT-PCR. All the tested strains were resistant to LFX. The drug-resistant regions from the
gyrA
and
gyrB
genes showed no mutation associated with LFX resistance. CCCP, DCC, VP, and RSP increased the susceptibility of 93.3% (56/60), 91.7% (55/60), 85% (51/60), and 83.3% (50/60) isolates to LFX by 2 to 32-fold, respectively. Elevated transcription of seven efflux pump genes was observed in isolates with a high reduction in LFX MIC values in the presence of efflux pump inhibitors. Efflux pump inhibitors can improve the antibacterial activity of LFX against
M. abscessus in vitro
. The overexpression of efflux-related genes in LFX-resistant isolates suggests that efflux pumps are associated with the development of LFX resistance in
M. abscessus
.
ABC transporter inhibition by beauvericin partially overcomes drug resistance in
Leishmania tropica
Authors: Al Khoury Charbel , Thoumi Sergio , Tokajian Sima , Sinno Aia , Nemer Georges , El Beyrouthy Mark , Rahy Kelven 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease infecting the world’s poorest populations. Miltefosine (ML) remains the primary oral drug against the cutaneous form of leishmaniasis. The ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are key players in the xenobiotic efflux, and their inhibition could enhance the therapeutic index. In this study, the ability of beauvericin (BEA) to overcome ABC transporter-mediated resistance of
Leishmania tropica
to ML was assessed. In addition, the transcription profile of genes involved in resistance acquisition to ML was inspected. Finally, we explored the efflux mechanism of the drug and inhibitor. The efficacy of ML against all developmental stages of
L. tropica
in the presence or absence of BEA was evaluated using an absolute quantification assay. The expression of resistance genes was evaluated, comparing susceptible and resistant strains. Finally, the mechanisms governing the interaction between the ABC transporter and its ligands were elucidated using molecular docking and dynamic simulation. Relative quantification showed that the expression of the ABCG sub-family is mostly modulated by ML. In this study, we used BEA to impede resistance of
Leishmania tropica
. The IC
50
values, following BEA treatment, were significantly reduced from 30.83, 48.17, and 16.83 µM using ML to 8.14, 11.1, and 7.18 µM when using a combinatorial treatment (ML + BEA) against promastigotes, axenic amastigotes, and intracellular amastigotes, respectively. We also demonstrated a favorable BEA-binding enthalpy to
L. tropica
ABC transporter compared to ML. Our study revealed that BEA partially reverses the resistance development of
L. tropica
to ML by blocking the alternate ATP hydrolysis cycle.
Loss of function of metabolic traits in typhoidal
Salmonella
without apparent genome degradation
Authors: Machado Leopoldo F. M. , Galán Jorge E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A are the cause of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans, which are systemic life-threatening illnesses. Both serovars are exclusively adapted to the human host, where they can cause life-long persistent infection. A distinct feature of these serovars is the presence of a relatively high number of degraded coding sequences coding for metabolic pathways, most likely a consequence of their adaptation to a single host. As a result of convergent evolution, these serovars shared many of the degraded coding sequences although often affecting different genes in the same metabolic pathway. However, there are several coding sequences that appear intact in one serovar while clearly degraded in the other, suggesting differences in their metabolic capabilities. Here, we examined the functionality of metabolic pathways that appear intact in
S
. Typhi but that show clear signs of degradation in
S
. Paratyphi A. We found that, in all cases, the existence of single amino acid substitutions in
S
. Typhi metabolic enzymes, transporters, or transcription regulators resulted in the inactivation of these metabolic pathways. Thus, the inability of
S
. Typhi to metabolize Glucose-6-Phosphate or 3-phosphoglyceric acid is due to the silencing of the expression of the genes encoding the transporters for these compounds due to point mutations in the transcriptional regulatory proteins. In contrast, its inability to utilize glucarate or galactarate is due to the presence of point mutations in the transporter and enzymes necessary for the metabolism of these sugars. These studies provide additional support for the concept of adaptive convergent evolution of these two human-adapted
S. enterica
serovars and highlight a limitation of bioinformatic approaches to predict metabolic capabilities.

IMPORTANCE

Salmonella enterica
serovar Typhi and Paratyphi A are the cause of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in humans, which are systemic life-threatening illnesses. Both serovars can only infect the human host, where they can cause life-long persistent infection. Because of their adaptation to the human host, these bacterial pathogens have changed their metabolism, leading to the loss of their ability to utilize certain nutrients. In this study we examined the functionality of metabolic pathways that appear intact in
S
. Typhi but that show clear signs of degradation in
S
. Paratyphi A. We found that, in all cases, the existence of single amino acid substitutions in
S
. Typhi metabolic enzymes, transporters, or transcription regulators resulted in the inactivation of these metabolic pathways. These studies provide additional support for the concept of adaptive convergent evolution of these two human-adapted
S. enterica
serovars.
Neogene to modern foreland basin development in the Sub-Andean zone of southern Bolivia and northern Argentina, 21–23°S
Authors: Ferroni Felipe R. , DeCelles Peter G. , Veramendi Jaime Oller 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Sub-Andean retroarc region is a unique example of an active continental-scale retroarc foreland basin system. Heavily targeted for hydrocarbon exploration, the region hosts a large volume of subsurface data coupled to surface studies dedicated to refining its evolution in time and space. This paper presents a regional correlation of stratigraphic markers from seismic reflection and well logs across the Sub-Andean foothills at 23–21°S in southern Bolivia and northern Argentina, which reveals the contrasting along-strike history of Mesozoic to Cenozoic tectonics that preceded the foreland basin setting. Supported by published geochronological data and new zircon U-Pb maximum depositional ages, we describe the depositional transition from pre-Andean to Andean stratigraphy and discrete episodes of foreland basin subsidence and shortening. Based on interpreted stratigraphic breaks, we define the extent and stepwise evolution of this foreland basin, which was characterized by the progressive eastward migration of foreland basin depozones. Based on restored thickness profiles, we present flexural models of basin subsidence for the Sub-Andean foothills region. The modeling of discrete episodes of foreland basin subsidence refines the widely accepted bimodal elastic strength in the foreland basin at 21–23°S, which is weaker in the western ranges (~20 km effective elastic thickness) and stronger eastward (&gt;40 km). Modeling results also reveal minimum values of subsidence rates (up to 1.2 mm/yr) in the sequential foredeep depozones and suggest that the modeled tectonic load migration—as constrained by the record of syntectonic strata—probably increased over time through the incorporation of Sub-Andean rocks into the orogenic wedge.
Supplemental Material: Recycling of Paleo-Tethyan oceanic crust: Geochemical record from Early–Middle Triassic igneous rocks in the East Kunlun Orogen in western China
Authors: Yedan Hu , Ma Li-Tao , et al.  
Published: April 2024

<p>Analytical methods, Figures S1–S6, and Tables S1–S7. </p>
Comparative effectiveness of sotrovimab versus no treatment in non-hospitalised high-risk COVID-19 patients in north west London: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Drysdale Myriam , Galimov Evgeniy R , Yarwood Marcus James , Patel Vishal , Levick Bethany , Gibbons Daniel C , Watkins Jonathan D , Young Sophie , Pierce Benjamin F , Lloyd Emily J , Kerr William , Birch Helen J , Kamalati Tahereh , Brett Stephen J 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundWe assessed the effectiveness of sotrovimab vs no early COVID-19 treatment in highest-risk COVID-19 patients during Omicron predominance.MethodsRetrospective cohort study using the Discover dataset in North West London. Included patients were non-hospitalised, aged ≥12 years and met ≥1 National Health Service highest-risk criterion for sotrovimab treatment. We used Cox proportional hazards models to compare HRs of 28-day COVID-19-related hospitalisation/death between highest-risk sotrovimab-treated and untreated patients. Age, renal disease and Omicron subvariant subgroup analyses were performed.ResultsWe included 599 sotrovimab-treated patients and 5191 untreated patients. Compared with untreated patients, the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation/death (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.24, 1.06; p=0.07) and the risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation (HR 0.43, 95% CI 0.18, 1.00; p=0.051) were both lower in the sotrovimab-treated group; however, statistical significance was not reached. In the ≥65 years and renal disease subgroups, sotrovimab was associated with a significantly reduced risk of COVID-19 hospitalisation, by 89% (HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.02, 0.82; p=0.03) and 82% (HR 0.18, 95% CI 0.05, 0.62; p=0.007), respectively.ConclusionsRisk of COVID-19 hospitalisation in sotrovimab-treated patients aged ≥65 years and with renal disease was significantly lower compared with untreated patients. Overall, risk of hospitalisation was also lower for sotrovimab-treated patients, but statistical significance was not reached.
Understanding three approaches to reporting sudden unexpected infant death in the USA
Authors: Erck Lambert Alexa B , Parks Sharyn , Bergman Kristin , Cottengim Carri , Woster Andrew , Shaw Esther , Ma Hongyan , Heitmann Rachel , Riehle-Colarusso Tiffany , Shapiro-Mendoza Carrie 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIn the USA each year, there are approximately 3400 sudden unexpected infant (<1 year of age) deaths (SUID) which occur without an obvious cause before an investigation. SUID includes the causes of death (COD) undetermined/unknown, sleep-related suffocation/asphyxia and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS); these are often called SUID subtypes. Three common ways SUID subtypes are grouped (SUID subtype groups) include International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Codes, SUID Case Registry Categories or Child Death Review (CDR)-Assigned Causes. These groups are often used to monitor SUID trends and characteristics at the local, state and national levels. We describe and compare the characteristics of these three SUID subtype groups.DiscussionSUID subtype groups are distinct and not directly interchangeable. They vary in purpose, strengths, limitations, uses, history, data years available, population coverage, assigning entity, guidance documentation and information available to assign subtypes.ConclusionMaking informed decisions about which SUID subtype group to use is important for reporting statistics, increasing knowledge of SUID epidemiology and informing prevention strategies.
A Mixed-Criticality Traffic Scheduler with Mitigating Congestion for CAN-to-TSN Gateway
Authors: Yan Wenyan , Wei Dongsheng , Fu Bin , Li Renfa , Xie Guoqi 
Published: April 2024

The network architecture that Time-Sensitive Networking (TSN) is used as the backbone network and the Controller Area Network (CAN) serves as the intra-domain network is considered as the CAN-TSN interconnection network architecture, which has gained considerable attention within industrial embedded networks, such as spacecraft, intelligent automobiles, and factory automation. The architecture employs the CAN-TSN gateway as a central hub for transmitting and managing a significant volume of communications between the CAN domains and TSN. However, the CAN-TSN gateway faces a high congestion challenge due to the rapid growth in data volume, making it difficult to effectively support different time planning mechanisms provided by TSN. In this article, we propose a two-stage mixed-criticality traffic scheduler. The scheduler in the first stage adopts a Message Optimization Algorithm (MOA) to aggregate multiple CAN messages into a single TSN message (including the aggregation of critical and non-critical CAN messages), which reduces the number of CAN messages requiring transmission. In the second stage, the scheduler proposes a Message Scheduling Optimization Algorithm (MSOA) to schedule critical TSN messages. This algorithm reassembles all the critical CAN messages (within the un-schedulable TSN messages) to generate new TSN messages for rescheduling. Experimental results show that our proposed scheduler effectively improves the acceptance ratio of critical and non-critical CAN messages and outperforms the state-of-the-art message scheduling method in terms of acceptance ratio while improving the bandwidth utilization and the number of schedule table entries. We further construct a hardware platform to evaluate the performance of MSOA. The consistency between practical results and theoretical results shows the effectiveness of MSOA.
Representation of Indian Christians and their ‘othering’ in Mainstream Indian Cinema, a Critical Evaluation
Authors: Belladi Sunil , John Hannah Sarasu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The recent changing tides of social and political climate across the globe has impacted the influence of media and culture (Michael Gurevitch, 1982), and in effect, the social fabric of our globalised society. This paper uses theories from Sturcturalism to understand better the larger socio-cultural structures that lay deeply embedded into our understanding of society as a whole. This cultural understanding is important to look at media (and by extension film) through its power dynamics and capital it provides to the groups that it represents and the groups that it does not. The study of these representations as being in opposition to each other in the way of ‘in’ and ‘out’ groups to understand the ways in which culture and cinema receive minorities, and for this paper, the Indian Christian identity in India. Mainstream cinema or Bollywood helps in the translation of in and out groups into the ‘othering’ of religious minorities (Brons, 2015) while also presenting and confirming the already existing ideas of the identity of minorities. This paper looks to identify the importance of alternative cinema, in this case regional Malayalam Cinema, for minorities that have been marginalised by the media and their role in the repairing the self-image of these minorities. The intrinsic binary between the alternative and mainstream cinema here are representative of the power and lack thereof for these minorities in terms of their social and self-perception. This paper goes a step further by not just looking at Indian Christians as a homogeneous whole but also determining the difference in portrayal and representation of the different denominations of the Indian Christian community. Therefore, this paper attempts to explain the reasons for the invisibility of Indian Christian representation or its ‘other-ing’ in mainstream film while also understanding the binary in the internal cultural dynamics within the Christian population through the lens of popular culture and regional or alternative cinema.
Spatial Imagination, Embedded Female Agency, and Women’s Networks in Early Christianity
Authors: Maier Harry O. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Using spatial and intersectional analysis as well as theory dedicated to embedded gender agency, this article argues that the religious identities of female Christians were dynamic and pluriform not static and singular. These tools help to identify the ways in which one or more aspects of simultaneously co-existing female gendered identities became salient in different situations, through specific social practices. Documents for analysis include references to urban women in Pauline literature with special attention to widows/single women in 1 Timothy, ascetical women rejecting marriage as represented by the apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla, and the representations of female Christ followers and the gendering of Christianity by first and second century Greek and Roman polemicists/magistrates against Christ religion (Celsus, Lucian, Caecilius, Pliny).
Women’s Agency in the Cults of the Greco-Egyptian Deities in Hellenistic Athens
Authors: Neumann Sabine 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cults for Greco-Egyptian gods such as Isis, Sarapis, Anubis, and Harpocrates enjoyed great interest in the Greek world of the Hellenistic period. This article analyses the agency of women in these cults in Hellenistic Athens and Delos. It poses the question whether the agency of women can be directly compared to the agency of men. It identifies, first, reservations in modern scholarship about women in positions of religious power, and, second, institutional boundaries that excluded women from official priestly positions. It demonstrates the ways in which women nonetheless held agency within family networks, and, third, possessed ritual competencies beyond formal offices and a relationship to deities on a personal level.