bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of dietary protein level on intestinal function and inflammation in nursery pigs
Authors: Pearce Sarah C , Nisley Mitchell J , Kerr Brian J , Sparks Chris , Gabler Nicholas K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
High crude protein (CP; 21% to 26%) diets fed during the first 21 to 28 d postweaning are viewed negatively because of a perceived increase in the incidence rates of diarrhea due to increased intestinal protein fermentation and/or augmented enteric pathogen burden. This is thought to antagonize nursery pig health and growth performance. Therefore, our objective was to evaluate the impact of low vs. high dietary CP on 21-day postweaned pig intestinal function. Analyzed parameters included ex vivo intestinal barrier integrity (ileum and colon), ileal nutrient transport, tissue inflammation, and fecal DM. One hundred and twenty gilts and barrows (average body weight) were randomly assigned to one of two diets postweaning. Diets were fed for 21 d, in two phases. Phase 1 diets: low CP (17%) with a 1.4% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (LCP), or high CP (24%) with a 1.4% SID Lysine (HCP). Phase 2: LCP (17%) and a 1.35% SID lysine, or HCP (24%) formulated to a 1.35% SID lysine. Pig growth rates, feed intakes, and fecal consistency did not differ (P &gt; 0.05) due to dietary treatment. Six animals per treatment were euthanized for additional analyses. There were no differences in colonic epithelial barrier function as measured by transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran transport between treatments (P &gt; 0.05). Interleukins (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-2 IL-4, IL-6, and IL-12 were not different between treatments (P &gt; 0.05). However, IL-8 and IL-18 were higher in HCP- vs. LCP-fed pigs (P &lt; 0.05). There were no differences in fecal dry matter (DM; P &gt; 0.05) between treatments. In the ileum, there was a tendency (P = 0.06) for TER to be higher in HCP-fed pigs, suggesting a more robust barrier. Interestingly, glucose and glutamine transport were decreased in HCP- vs. LCP-fed pigs (P &lt; 0.05). FITC-dextran transport was not different between treatments (P &gt; 0.05). There were also no differences in ileal cytokine concentrations between diets (P &gt; 0.05). Taken together, the data show that low CP does not negatively impact colonic barrier function, fecal DM, or inflammation. In contrast, ileal barrier function and nutrient transport were altered, suggesting a regional effect of diet on overall intestinal function.
Some results for min matrices associated with Chebyshev polynomials
Authors: Yilmaz Fatih , Arpaci Samet , Ertaş Aybüke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present study, inspired by the studies in the literature, we consider Min matrix and its Hadamard exponential matrix family whose elements are Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind. Afterwards, we examine their various linear algebraic properties and obtain some inequalities. Furthermore, we shed light on the results we obtained to boost the clarity of our paper with the illustrative examples. In addition to all these, we give two MATLAB-R2023a codes that compute the Min matrix and the Hadamard exponential matrix with Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind entries, as well as calculate some matrix norms.
Reconstruction of luminosity function from flux-limited samples
Authors: Lu Rui-Jing , Chen Wen-Hao , Liang Wen-Qiang , Peng Cheng-Feng 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The properties of the progenitors of gamma-ray bursts and of their environment are encoded in their luminosity function and cosmic formation rate. They are usually recovered from a flux-limited sample based on Lynden-Bell’s $c^{-}$ method. However, this method is based on the assumption that the luminosity is independent of the redshift. Observationally, if correlated, people use non-parametric $\tau$ statistical method to remove this correlation through the transformation, $L^{\prime }=L/g(z)$, where z is the burst redshift, and $g(z)=(1+z)^{k}$ parametrizes the underlying luminosity evolution. However, the application of this method to different observations could result in very different luminosity functions. By the means of Monte Carlo simulation, in this paper, we demonstrate that the origin of an observed correlation, measured by the $\tau$ statistical method, is a complex combination of multiple factors when the underlying data are correlated. Thus, in this case, it is difficult to unbiasedly reconstruct the underlying population distribution from a truncated sample, unless the detailed information of the intrinsic correlation is accurately known in advance. In addition, we argue that an intrinsic correlation between luminosity function and formation rate is unlikely eliminated by a misconfigured transformation, and the $g(z)$, derived from a truncated sample with the $\tau$ statistical method, does not necessarily represent its underlying luminosity evolution.
Swift/UVOT discovery of Swift J221951−484240: a UV luminous ambiguous nuclear transient
Authors: Oates S R , Kuin N P M , Nicholl M , Marshall F , Ridley E , Boutsia K , Breeveld A A , Buckley D A H , Cenko S B , De Pasquale M , Edwards P G , Gromadzki M , Gupta R , Laha S , Morrell N , Orio M , Pandey S B , Page M J , Page K L , Parsotan T , Rau A , Schady P , Stevens J , Brown P J , Evans P A , Gronwall C , Kennea J A , Klingler N J , Siegel M H , Tohuvavohu A , Ambrosi E , Barthelmy S D , Beardmore A P , Bernardini M G , Bonnerot C , Campana S , Caputo R , Ciroi S , Cusumano G , D’Aì A , D’Avanzo P , D’Elia V , Giommi P , Hartmann D H , Krimm H A , Malesani D B , Melandri A , Nousek J A , O’Brien P T , Osborne J P , Pagani C , Palmer D M , Perri M , Racusin J L , Sakamoto T , Sbarufatti B , Schlieder J E , Tagliaferri G , Troja E , Xu D 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We report the discovery of Swift J221951−484240 (hereafter: J221951), a luminous slow-evolving blue transient that was detected by the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope (Swift/UVOT) during the follow-up of gravitational wave alert S190930t, to which it is unrelated. Swift/UVOT photometry shows the UV spectral energy distribution of the transient to be well modelled by a slowly shrinking blackbody with an approximately constant temperature of T ∼ 2.5 × 104 K. At a redshift z = 0.5205, J221951 had a peak absolute magnitude of Mu,AB = −23 mag, peak bolometric luminosity $L_{max}=1.1\times 10^{45}~{\rm erg\, s}^{-1}$ and a total radiated energy of E &gt; 2.6 × 1052 erg. The archival Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer IR photometry shows a slow rise prior to a peak near the discovery date. Spectroscopic UV observations display broad absorption lines in N  v and O  vi, pointing towards an outflow at coronal temperatures. The lack of emission in the higher H α lines, N i and other neutral lines is consistent with a viewing angle close to the plane of the accretion or debris disc. The origin of J221951 cannot be determined with certainty but has properties consistent with a tidal disruption event and the turn-on of an active galactic nucleus.
Deprojection and stellar dynamical modelling of boxy/peanut bars in edge-on discs
Authors: Dattathri Shashank , Valluri Monica , Vasiliev Eugene , Wheeler Vance , Erwin Peter 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present a new method to infer the 3D luminosity distributions of edge-on barred galaxies with boxy-peanut/X (BP/X) shaped structures from their 2D surface brightness distributions. Our method relies on forward modelling of newly introduced parametric 3D density distributions for the BP/X bar, disc and other components using an existing image fitting software package (imfit). We validate our method using an N-body simulation of a barred disc galaxy with a moderately strong BP/X shape. For fixed orientation angles, the derived 3D BP/X-shaped density distribution is shown to yield a gravitational potential that is accurate to at least 5 per cent and forces that are accurate to at least 15 per cent, with average errors being $\sim 1.5~{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ for both. When additional quantities of interest, such as the orientation of the bar to the line of sight, its pattern speed, and the stellar mass-to-light ratio are unknown they can be recovered to high accuracy by providing the parametric density distribution to the Schwarzschild modelling code FORSTAND. We also explore the ability of our models to recover the mass of the central supermassive black hole. This method is the first to be able to accurately recover both the orientation of the bar to the line of sight and its pattern speed when the disc is perfectly edge-on.
Correlated Allele Frequency Changes Reveal Clonal Structure and Selection in Temporal Genetic Data
Authors: Li Yunxiao , Barton John P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In evolving populations where the rate of beneficial mutations is large, subpopulations of individuals with competing beneficial mutations can be maintained over long times. Evolution with this kind of clonal structure is commonly observed in a wide range of microbial and viral populations. However, it can be difficult to completely resolve clonal dynamics in data. This is due to limited read lengths in high-throughput sequencing methods, which are often insufficient to directly measure linkage disequilibrium or determine clonal structure. Here, we develop a method to infer clonal structure using correlated allele frequency changes in time-series sequence data. Simulations show that our method recovers true, underlying clonal structures when they are known and accurately estimate linkage disequilibrium. This information can then be combined with other inference methods to improve estimates of the fitness effects of individual mutations. Applications to data suggest novel clonal structures in an E. coli long-term evolution experiment, and yield improved predictions of the effects of mutations on bacterial fitness and antibiotic resistance. Moreover, our method is computationally efficient, requiring orders of magnitude less run time for large data sets than existing methods. Overall, our method provides a powerful tool to infer clonal structures from data sets where only allele frequencies are available, which can also improve downstream analyses.
Stability in Folk Song Transmission
Authors: Janssen Berit , van Kranenburg Peter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In folk song traditions, melodies are circulated through transmission. In this process, parts of melodies may change, while other parts remain stable. Stability has been a long-standing point of interest in folk song research: how can stability be quantified, and can we predict which parts of a melody are stable? We review previous research studying stability in folk song melodies, and present two approaches by which we analyze and predict stability in a corpus of 4120 Dutch folk song melodies. This corpus has been categorized into tune families, or groups of closely related variants. Our first approach quantifies stability through pattern matching of folk song phrases within tune families. Our second approach makes use of annotated characteristic motifs in a subset of 360 folk songs. In both approaches, our hypotheses explain between 5% and 10% of the variation, constituting a medium-sized effect.
Chimeric mutations in grapevine ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 improve resistance to powdery mildew without growth penalty
Authors: Yu Xue-Na , Guo Ye , Yang Qianling , Yu Haiyan , Lu Meng-Jiao , Zhao Liang , Jin Zhuo-Shuai , Xu Xiang-nan , Feng Jia-Yue , Wen Ying-Qiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) incurs severe quality degradation and yield loss from powdery mildew, a major fungal disease caused by Erysiphe necator. ENHANCED DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (EDR1), a Raf-like mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase, negatively regulates defense responses against powdery mildew in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). However, little is known about the role of the putatively orthologous EDR1 gene in grapevine. In this study, we obtained grapevine VviEDR1-edited lines using CRISPR/Cas9. Plantlets containing homozygous and bi-allelic indels in VviEDR1 developed leaf lesions shortly after transplanting into the soil and died at the seedling stage. Transgenic plants expressing wild-type VviEDR1 and mutant Vviedr1 alleles as chimera (designated as VviEDR1-chi) developed normally and displayed enhanced resistance to powdery mildew. Interestingly, VviEDR1-chi plants maintained a spatiotemporally distinctive pattern of VviEDR1 mutagenesis: while almost no mutations were detected from terminal buds, ensuring normal function of the apical meristem, mutations occurred in young leaves and increased as leaves matured, resulting in resistance to powdery mildew. Further analysis showed that the resistance observed in VviEDR1-chi plants was associated with callose deposition, increased production of salicylic acid and ethylene, H2O2 production and accumulation, and host cell death. Surprisingly, no growth penalty was observed with VviEDR1-chi plants. Hence, this study demonstrated a role of VviEDR1 in the negative regulation of resistance to powdery mildew in grapevine and provided an avenue for engineering powdery mildew resistance in grapevine.
Preventing Surgical Site Infections in Geriatric Ankle Fracture Surgery with Closed-Incision Vacuum Therapy: A Pilot Study
Authors: van de Voort Jan C. , Brekelmans Wouter , Ritchie Ewan D. , Leijnen Michiel 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Ankle fractures are among the most common fractures in older adult patients that need surgical treatment. The risk of surgical site infections (SSIs) after ankle fracture surgery ranges between 0.5% and 30%; SSI incidence is higher among older adults. Further, SSIs have significant consequences for subjective functional outcomes and create a need for prolonged intravenous antibiotic therapy and wound care. Accordingly, it is critical to determine risk factors for and establish optimal postoperative wound care to prevent SSIs.

Objective
The aim of the pilot study was to examine the feasibility of closed-incision vacuum therapy (CIVT) to reduce rates of SSI in older adults.

Methods
The authors performed a pilot study of a CIVT system in a population of 10 older adult patients after ankle fracture surgery.

Results
Nine patients experienced uncomplicated wound healing of the lateral incision. One patient (10%) developed an SSI after premature removal of the vacuum system because of technical failure. Six weeks postoperation, overall satisfaction with the CIVT was high; none of the participants complained of incapacitating discomfort or disruptive limitations in postsurgical recovery.

Conclusions
The authors conclude that CIVT is a feasible, safe, and generally well-tolerated therapy to prevent SSIs in postoperative wound healing after open reduction and internal fixation in older adult patients after ankle fracture.
Preoperative Fascia Iliaca Blocks Associated with Decreased Opioid Consumption in Femoral Shaft and Distal Femur Fractures
Authors: Kolodychuk Nicholas , Dubé Michael , DiNicola Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
To examine the impact of fascia iliaca (FI) blocks performed in the emergency department on femoral shaft and distal femur fracture patients on opioid consumption, length of stay, and readmission rate.

Methods:

Design:
Prospective cohort study

Setting:
Community-based level 1 trauma center

Patient Selection Criteria:
Patients with isolated low energy femoral shaft or distal femur fractures (OTA/AO 32 and 33) presenting from January 1, 2020 to May 31, 2022 were included.

Outcome Measures and Comparisons:
Opioid consumption, length of stay, discharge disposition, and 30-day readmission rate were compared between patients undergoing fascia iliaca compartment block and not receiving the block.

Results:
136 patients were included. Twenty-four received fascia iliaca block. Both cohorts were primarily female gender 66.7% and 66.9%, respectively for the FI block and no FI block cohort. The majority of the FI block cohort (62.5%) had femoral shaft fractures, while the no FI block cohort had mostly distal femur fractures (56.2%). Mean body mass index, fracture type, and surgical procedure were similar between patients undergoing FI block and not receiving FI block The FI block group had significantly lower opioid consumption pre-operatively (36.1 vs 55.3 morphine milliequivalents (MMEs), p=0.030), post-operatively (71.7 vs 130.6 MMEs, p=0.041), over total hospital stay (107.9 vs 185.9 MMEs), and mean opioid consumption per day of hospital stay (25.9 vs 48.4 MMEs, p=0.003). There was no significant difference in length of stay (4.9 vs 5.0 days, p=0.900), discharge disposition destination (p=0.200), or 30 day readmissions (12.5% vs 4.5%, p=0.148) between groups.

Conclusions:
Undergoing fascia iliaca block in the emergency department was associated with decreased opioid consumption in patients with femoral shaft or distal femur fractures. There was no associated difference in length of stay, discharge disposition, or 30-day readmissions.

Level of Evidence:
Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Novel Technologies in Artificial Intelligence and Telemedicine for Glaucoma Screening
Authors: Christopher Mark , Hallaj Shahin , Jiravarnsirikul Anuwat , Baxter Sally L. , Zangwill Linda M. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To provide an overview of novel technologies in telemedicine and artificial intelligence (AI) approaches for cost-effective glaucoma screening.

Methods/Results:
A narrative review was performed by summarizing research results, recent developments in glaucoma detection and care, and considerations related to telemedicine and AI in glaucoma screening. Telemedicine and AI approaches provide the opportunity for novel glaucoma screening programs in primary care, optometry, portable, and home-based settings. These approaches offer several advantages for glaucoma screening, including increasing access to care, lowering costs, identifying patients in need of urgent treatment, and enabling timely diagnosis and early intervention. However, challenges remain in implementing these systems, including integration into existing clinical workflows, ensuring equity for patients, and meeting ethical and regulatory requirements. Leveraging recent work towards standardized data acquisition as well as tools and techniques developed for automated diabetic retinopathy screening programs may provide a model for a cost-effective approach to glaucoma screening.

Conclusion:
Leveraging novel technologies and advances in telemedicine and AI-based approaches to glaucoma detection show promise for improving our ability to detect moderate and advanced glaucoma in primary care settings and target higher individuals at high risk for having the disease.
Self-rated health and HIV outcomes among adults with diagnosed HIV — Medical Monitoring Project, United States
Authors: Cholli Preetam A. , Buchacz Kate M. , Harris Norma S. , Crim Stacy M. , Yuan Xin , Tie Yunfeng , Koenig Linda J. , Beer Linda 
Published: March 2024

Objective(s):
To evaluate associations between self-rated health (SRH) and care outcomes among United States adults with diagnosed HIV infection.

Design:
We analyzed interview and medical record data collected during June 2020–May 2021 from the Medical Monitoring Project, a complex, nationally representative sample of 3692 people with HIV (PWH). Respondents reported SRH on a 5-point Likert type scale (poor to excellent), which we dichotomized into “good or better” and “poor or fair”. We computed weighted percentages with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and age-adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) to investigate associations between SRH and HIV outcomes and demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral characteristics.

Results:
Nationally, 72% of PWH reported “good or better” SRH. PWH with the following characteristics had a lower prevalence of “good or better” SRH, compared with those without: any missed HIV care appointment in the last 12 months (aPR 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81–0.91), symptoms of moderate or severe depression (aPR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.43–0.59) and anxiety (aPR 0.60, 95% CI: 0.54–0.68), unstable housing or homelessness (aPR 0.77, 95% CI: 0.71–0.82), and hunger or food insecurity (aPR 0.74, 95% CI: 0.69–0.80), as well as having a mean CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 vs. CD4+ >500 cells/mm3 (aPR 0.70, 95% CI: 0.57–0.86).

Conclusions:
Though SRH is a holistic measure reflective of HIV outcomes, integrated approaches addressing needs beyond physical health are necessary to improve SRH among PWH in the United States. Modifiable factors like mental health, unstable housing or homelessness, and food insecurity warrant further study as potential high-yield targets for clinical and policy interventions to improve SRH among PWH.
Trends Over Time in Recurrence Patterns and Survival Outcomes after Neoadjuvant Therapy and Surgery for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Cass Samuel H. , Tzeng Ching-Wei D. , Prakash Laura R. , Maxwell Jessica , Snyder Rebecca A. , Kim Michael P. , Huey Ryan W. , Smaglo Brandon G. , Pant Shubham , Koay Eugene J. , Wolff Robert A. , Lee Jeffery E. , Katz Matthew H. G. , Ikoma Naruhiko 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
We aimed to determine if advances in neoadjuvant therapy affected recurrence patterns and survival outcomes after pancreatectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Background:
Data are limited on how modern multimodality therapy affects PDAC recurrence and post-recurrence survival.

Methods:
Patients who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by curative-intent pancreatectomy for PDAC during 1998-2018 were identified. Treatments, recurrence sites and timing, and survival were compared between patients who completed neoadjuvant therapy and pancreatectomy in 1998-2004, 2005-2011, and 2012-2018.

Results:
The study included 727 patients (203, 251, and 273 in the 1998-2004, 2005-2011, and 2012-2018 cohorts, respectively). Use of neoadjuvant induction chemotherapy increased over time, and regimens changed over time, with >80% of patients treated in 2012-2018 receiving FOLFIRINOX or gemcitabine with nab-paclitaxel. Overall, recurrence sites and incidence (67.5%, 66.1%, and 65.9%) remained stable, and 85% of recurrences occurred within 2 years of surgery. However, compared to earlier cohorts, the 2012-2018 cohort had lower conditional risk of recurrence in postoperative year 1 and higher risk in postoperative year 2. Overall survival increased over time (median, 30.6, 33.6, and 48.7 mo, P < 0.005), driven by improved post-recurrence overall survival (median, 7.8, 12.5, and 12.6 mo; 3-year rate, 7%, 10%, and 20%; P < 0.005).

Conclusions:
We observed changes in neoadjuvant therapy regimens over time and an associated shift in the conditional risk of recurrence from postoperative year 1 to postoperative year 2, although recurrence remained common. Overall survival and post-recurrence survival remarkably improved over time, reflecting improved multimodality regimens for recurrent disease.