bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessment of surface water dynamics through satellite mapping with Google Earth Engine and Sentinel-2 data in Manipur, India
Authors: Pandey Vanita , Pandey Pankaj Kumar , Lepcha Pema Tshering , Devi Naorem Nirmala 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Accurate surface water mapping is crucial for watershed planning and safeguarding regional water resources. The study aimed to extract the extent of seasonal surface water, focusing on selected districts of Manipur, northeast India from 2016 to 2021, utilizing Sentinel-2 data in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. Employing multiple indices and the Random Forest classifier, the methodology addressed challenges such as cloud and shadow interference, particularly in high-altitude regions. Results revealed Bishnupur had the maximum surface water extent (124 km2) and Tengnoupal had the minimum (0.24 km2) during the study period. A notable 6% gain in Bishnupur surface water was observed from pre- to post-monsoon in 2016, while changes in other districts were negligible. Conversely, a maximum loss of 7% occurred in Bishnupur during pre-monsoon from 2016 to 2021. Overall, post-monsoon expansion exceeded that of pre-monsoon in all districts. Discrepancies were evident in both seasons in 2021. The applied techniques proved reliable and innovative, ensuring accurate surface water extent mapping. The GEE platform facilitated enhanced access to satellite data, significantly expediting processing through machine learning algorithms. The findings of this study have the potential to inform surface water planning and management, offering valuable insights for efficient resource utilization.
NAD Pathways in Diabetic Coronary Heart Disease: Unveiling the
Key Players
Authors: Liu Yuan , Zhan Wenjing , Wang Lexun , Wang Weixuan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Diabetic coronary heart disease is a global medical problem that poses a serious
threat to human health, and its pathogenesis is complex and interconnected. Nicotinamide
adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important small molecule used in the body
that serves as a coenzyme in redox reactions and as a substrate for non-redox processes.
NAD levels are highly controlled by various pathways, and increasing evidence has
shown that NAD pathways, including NAD precursors and key enzymes involved in
NAD synthesis and catabolism, exert both positive and negative effects on the pathogenesis
of diabetic coronary heart disease. Thus, the mechanisms by which the NAD pathway
acts in diabetic coronary heart disease require further investigation. This review
first briefly introduces the current understanding of the intertwined pathological mechanisms
of diabetic coronary heart disease, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia,
oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and intestinal flora dysbiosis. Then, we mainly
review the relationships between NAD pathways, such as nicotinic acid, tryptophan, the
kynurenine pathway, nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase, and sirtuins, and the
pathogenic mechanisms of diabetic coronary heart disease. Moreover, we discuss the potential
of targeting NAD pathways in the prevention and treatment of diabetic coronary
heart disease, which may provide important strategies to modulate its progression.
Diagnosis of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis by Flow Cytometry Serology using the rMELEISH Multiepitope Antigen Coupled in a Functional Bead
Authors: Moura Henrique Bonifácio , Ker Henrique Gama , Ramos Luana S. , Nogueira Lais M. , Machado Juliana M. , Dias Daniel S. , Rodrigues Rita Alaíde Leandro , da Paz Mariana Campos , Teixeira-Neto Rafael Gonçalves , Reis Alexandre Barbosa , Galdino Alexsandro S. , Silva Eduardo S. 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonotic disease, with dogs being the
main reservoir of the Leishmania infantum parasite.

Objective:
To develop a new flow cytometry test to diagnosis canine VL (CVL) diagnosis.

Methods:
The current study addresses a new flow cytometry test using beads coupled to the
multiepitope antigen rMELEISH.

Results:
In the study set of samples a sensitivity (87.1%) and specificity (89.9%) was observed.
Considering the dogs’ clinical status, 20/20 (100.0%) of the symptomatic sera tested positive,
while 19/22 (86.4%) of the oligosymptomatic and 16/20 (80.0%) of asymptomatic were positive.
In the non-infected control, all samples (0/30) tested as negative. In the cross-reaction control,
the test was more efficient in dogs infected with L. braziliensis (2/10) and Trypanosoma cruzi
(0/10), than those with Babesia canis (4/10) and Ehrlichia canis (4/10). Dogs immunized with
different vaccines (Leishmune, Leish-Tec®, or LBSap) did not present serological reactivity.

Conclusion:
The flow cytometry serology through coupling the antigen rMELEISH in functional
beads showed high accuracy in diagnosing CVL.
Molecular Players at the Sorting Stations of Malaria Parasite ‘Plasmodium falciparum’
Authors: Kaur Jasweer , Mishra Prakash Chandra , Hora Rachna 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
The apicomplexan pathogenic parasite ‘Plasmodium falciparum’ (Pf) is responsible for
most of the malaria related mortality. It resides in and refurbishes the infected red blood cells (iRBCs)
for its own survival and to suffice its metabolic needs. Remodeling of host erythrocytes involves
alteration of physical and biochemical properties of the membrane and genesis of new parasite
induced structures within the iRBCs. The generated structures include knobs and solute ion
channels on the erythrocyte surface and specialized organelles i.e. Maurer’s clefts (MCs) in the iRBC
cytosol. The above processes are mediated by exporting a large repertoire of proteins to the
host cell, most of which are transported via MCs, the sorting stations in parasitized erythrocytes.
Information about MC biogenesis and the molecules involved in maintaining MC architecture remains
incompletely elucidated. Here, we have compiled a list of experimentally known MC resident
proteins, several of which have roles in maintaining its architecture and function. Our short review
covers available data on the domain organization, orthologues, topology and specific roles of
these proteins. We highlight the current knowledge gaps in our understanding of MCs as crucial
organelles involved in parasite biology and disease pathogenesis.
Electroacupuncture Alleviates Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion Injury by
Regulating the S1PR2/TLR4/NLRP3 Signaling Pathway via m6A Methylation
of lncRNA H19
Authors: Zhang Han-Rui , Ma Gu-Quan , Lv He-Qun , Feng Yao-Ting , Peng Yong-Jun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Electroacupuncture (EA) treatment plays a protective role in cerebral ischemiareperfusion
(CIR) injury. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not fully elucidated.

Methods:
All rats were randomly divided into five groups: the SHAM group, MCAO group,
MCAO+EA (MEA) group, MCAO+METTL3 overexpression+EA (METTL3) group and
MCAO+lncRNA H19 overexpression+EA (lncRNA H19) group. The middle cerebral artery
occlusion (MCAO) rats were established to mimic CIR injury. The overexpression of lncRNA
H19 and METTL3 was induced by stereotactic injection of lentiviruses into the rat lateral ventricles.
The rats in the MEA, METTL3, and lncRNA H19 groups were treated with EA therapy on
“Renzhong” (DU26) and “Baihui” (DU20) acupoints (3.85/6.25Hz; 1mA). Besides, the neurological
deficit scoring, cerebral infarction area, pathological changes in brain tissue, total RNA
m6A level, and the expression of METTL3, S1PR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and lncRNA H19 were detected
in this experiment.

Results:
EA improved the neurological deficit scoring, cerebral infarction area, and pathological
injury in MCAO rats, while these beneficial effects of EA on CIR injury were attenuated by the
overexpression of METTL3 or lncRNA H19. More importantly, EA down-regulated the total
RNA m6A level and the expression of METTL3, S1PR2, TLR4, NLRP3 and lncRNA H19 in
MCAO rats. Instead, the overexpression of METTL3 or lncRNA H19 was found to reverse the
EA-induced down-regulation.

Conclusion:
The findings indicated that EA might down-regulate the S1PR2/TLR4/NLRP3 signaling
pathway via m6A methylation of lncRNA H19 to alleviate CIR injury. Our findings provide
a new insight into the molecular mechanism of EA on CIR injury.
Thyroid Metastases from Breast Cancer Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Guan Yumei , Ma Qinjun , Zhang Yiqing , Zhao Jiuda , Guo Xinjian 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Thyroid metastasis arising from primary breast cancer is a rare phenomenon,
with only a handful of cases documented in both national and international literature. The
management approach and prognosis of this occurrence have sparked debates and uncertainties.

Case Presentation:
Herein, we report the case of a 55-year-old woman with breast cancer. She previously
underwent extensive excision of the breast lesion with adjuvant chemotherapy and endocrine
therapy. After 9 years, she presented with neck discomfort and examination suggested
right thyroid metastasis and lymph node metastasis in the neck. Imaging showed pulmonary and
bone metastases. Furthermore, the patient received endocrine therapy. After 7 months of follow-
up, the patient survived without any new distant metastases. Thyroid metastases originating
from breast cancer often unfold with a subtle, intricate nature, making early detection challenging.
They tend to emerge inconspicuously, intertwining with widespread systemic metastases, hinting
at a less favorable prognosis.

Conclusion:
Given the unusual clinical indicators, identifying heterochronic thyroid metastases in
patients with tumors poses a distinct challenge, requiring clinicians to navigate the follow-up process
with heightened sensitivity. The key lies in timely detection and early intervention, factors
that can significantly enhance the overall quality of life for patients.
The Advancement and Obstacles in Improving the Stability of
Nanocarriers for Precision Drug Delivery in the Field of Nanomedicine
Authors: Mahajan Kalpesh , Bhattacharya Sankha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Nanocarriers have emerged as a promising class of nanoscale materials in the fields of
drug delivery and biomedical applications. Their unique properties, such as high surface area- tovolume
ratios and enhanced permeability and retention effects, enable targeted delivery of therapeutic
agents to specific tissues or cells. However, the inherent instability of nanocarriers poses
significant challenges to their successful application. This review highlights the importance of
nanocarrier stability in biomedical applications and its impact on biocompatibility, targeted drug
delivery, long shelf life, drug delivery performance, therapeutic efficacy, reduced side effects, prolonged
circulation time, and targeted delivery. Enhancing nanocarrier stability requires careful design,
engineering, and optimization of physical and chemical parameters. Various strategies and
cutting-edge techniques employed to improve nanocarrier stability are explored, with a focus on
their applications in drug delivery. By understanding the advances and challenges in nanocarrier
stability, this review aims to contribute to the development and implementation of nanocarrier-
based therapies in clinical settings, advancing the field of nanomedicine.
Selective Hydrogenation Reaction: Utilizing a Microreactor for
Continuous Flow Synthesis of Nickel Nanoparticles
Authors: Srivastava Vivek 
Published: February 2024

Introduction:
In this investigation, we employed a continuous flow reactor to synthesize
nickel (Ni) nanoparticles exhibiting uniform size distribution and excellent stability. Our focus centered
on exploring the impact of reactant dilution and flow rate on the synthesis process.

Result:
It was observed that the optimization of these parameters played a pivotal role in obtaining
small-sized Ni nanoparticles. Specifically, we achieved successful synthesis using a solution of
0.00025 M NiCl2·6H2O and 0.002 M NaBH4, with a flow rate of 25 mL/h. The resulting Ni nanoparticles
were effectively coated with the CTAB surfactant, as confirmed through thorough analysis
using TEM and PSD techniques. Additionally, the interaction between the surfactant and nanoparticles
was verified via FTIR analysis. We subjected them to high-pressure alkene hydrogenation to
assess the catalytic activity of the synthesized Ni nanoparticles.

Method:
Encouragingly, the Ni nanoparticles exhibited excellent performance, producing hydrogenated
products with high yields. Moreover, we capitalized on Ni nanoparticles' catalytic effect for
synthesizing two natural compounds, brittonin A and dehydrobrittonin A. Remarkably, both compounds
were successfully isolated in quantifiable yields. This synthesis protocol boasted several advantages,
including low catalyst loading, omission of additives, broad substrate scope, straightforward
product separation, and the ability to recover the catalyst up to eight times. In summary, this
study effectively showcased the potential of continuous flow reactor technology in synthesizing stable
and uniformly distributed nanoparticles.

Conclusion:
Additionally, it highlighted the effectiveness of Ni nanoparticles as catalysts in various
chemical reactions. The findings from this study hold significant implications for developing more
efficient and sustainable chemical synthesis protocols.
Neurological Manifestations of Influenza Virus and RSV Infections in Children
Authors: Xerra Federica , Cafarella Giulia , Ferrante Federica , Macchione Gaetano , Amato Melania , Lugarà Cecilia , Randazzese Simone Foti , Gambadauro Antonella , Giorgianni Ylenia 
Published: February 2024

:
The most significant viral contributors to acute respiratory tract infections in children
are Respiratory Syncytial Viruses (RSV) and influenza virus, causing substantial seasonal respiratory
infections annually. Furthermore, severe neurological complications, notably seizures and encephalopathy,
can be attributed to these viruses. Children with chronic or pre-existing neurological
conditions are particularly susceptible to increased morbidity and sequelae. An active area of
research to date is focused on the potential mechanisms of viral neurological invasion, which
could be relevant for future therapeutic strategies. Influenza virus is frequently an important cause
of epidemic or pandemic disease causing high costs of hospitalization and primary care. Furthermore,
different subtypes of influenza viruses can induce various influenza-associated neurological
complications, varying from mild (i.e. headache) to severe (i.e. meningoencephalitis and acute necrotizing
encephalopathy), both in adults and children. While affecting the respiratory tract, RSV
can also give rise to neurological manifestations, potentially resulting in long-term neurological
impairment. Neurological changes associated with RSV encompass seizures, lethargy, ataxia, febrile
or epileptic states, central apnea, difficulties in feeding or swallowing, tone abnormalities,
strabismus, abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid, and encephalopathy. Patients infected with RSV
can also develop neuromotor difficulties or present learning impairment. In conclusion, viral respiratory
infections can result in significant extrapulmonary symptoms, potentially leading to enduring
health consequences in affected children. Substantial research efforts are necessary to prevent
or treat these infections, particularly within the most vulnerable populations.
Effects of Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia in Physiological Conditions - A Review
Authors: Hazra Sayan , Chakraborthy Gunosindhu 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an autoimmune manifestation defined by
persistent hyperglycemia and alterations in protein, fatty substances, and carbohydrate metabolism
as an effect of problems with the secretion of insulin action or both. Manifestations include
thirst, blurred eyesight, weight loss, and ketoacidosis, which can majorly lead to coma. There are
different types of diabetes according to class or by cellular level. They are interrelated with hyperlipidemia
as they are involved in the metabolism and regulation of physiological factors.
Most parameters are seen at cellular or humoral levels, yet the underlying concern remains the
same.

Objective:
To create a systematic correlation between the disease and locate the exact mechanism
and receptors responsible for it. So, this article covers a proper way to resolve the conditions
and their manifestation through literacy and diagrammatic.

Conclusion:
Hence, this will be an insight for many scholars to understand the exact mechanism
involved in the process.
Development and Evaluation of Celecoxib Emulgel by Using Natural Oil
Authors: Rajput Aarti , Gaur Rishabh , Kulshreshtha Mayank , Jadaun Sumedha Singh , Kumari Vibha 
Published: February 2024

Background:
Emulgel combines the qualities of an emulsion with those of a gel. In order to create an emulgel w/o or o/w, emulsions have to be formulated, which are then com-bined with a gelling agent, resulting in a dual-control drug release. Celecoxib exhibits analge-sic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory activities and is used to treat osteoarthritis, severe pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and other medical conditions.

Methods:
Celecoxib Emulgel was developed and evaluated by using natural oil and carbopol-940 as a gelling agent in different concentrations. The screening of various oils, co-surfactants and surfactants was performed to determine the solubility. The essential oils (eucalyptus oil and turpentine oil) were used as penetration modifiers. Studies on compatibility with polymers have been conducted, and the results indicate that there should be no physical or chemical interactions between the polymers and the drug substance. For the preparation of emulgel, various emulsions were prepared with Smix (cosurfactant and surfactant) ratios (1:1, 2:1 and 3:1). The selection of a gelling agent was done by incorporating the selected emulsion system ratio of 1:1 with the combinations of polymers carbapol 940, carbapol 934, and HPMC (0:1:0, 0:0.5:1, 0:0:3, 0.5:0:1, 1:0:0) gel base to make a homogenous emulgel.

Results:
The emulgel was examined visually to see if it had any phase behaviour, feel, spread-ability, and grittiness by applying its thin layer to a slide. Then, all six formulations of emulgel were prepared with the selected gelling agent. All emulgels were evaluated for pH, physical properties (consistency, homogeneity, colour, texture), drug content, spreadability, extrudabil-ity, swelling index, viscosity, stability and centrifugation. A Franz diffusion cell and an egg membrane were used to perform in-vitro drug release.

Conclusion:
Among all prepared formulations, EG1 had a better release, higher viscosity, higher drug content, and a higher swelling index than the others. The formulation EG1 showed higher drug release (91.25%) within 8 hours.
Machine Learning (ML) Techniques in Healthcare Systems: A Mini Review
Authors: Singha Partha Sarathi , Panda Barsha , Firdaus Syed Benazir , Ghosh Debosree 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Artificial intelligence (AI) has made its own place in the present world. Almost in every
field, AI is being utilized for betterment and advancement. Machine learning (ML) is a part of AI
and has been applied extensively currently in various fields of science and technology including
healthcare system. ML is the technique that uses AI to analyze, interpret and make decisions.
To summarize the applications of ML in various healthcare systems in order to understand the
strength and loopholes of the use of ML in medical science.
The mechanisms and methods of ML approach in various medical issues have been analyzed and
discussed. ML technique is being used to make decisions in medical cases, for determining the
treatment regime of a particular patient, for designing and developing drugs, in personalized medicine,
in designing and selecting diagnoses for any particular disease, for automated tracking of patient's
recovery. Available clinical data and history are being used by ML techniques to compare,
classify, select and execute results for any task being assigned. In a nutshell, ML uses earlier available
information and data about the disease, the treatment protocols followed, and the results in correspondence
with the clinical symptoms and pathological findings.
Several achievements using ML in the healthcare system, yielded significant novel results that have
been patented. There have been several thousand patents in the field of application of ML in
healthcare systems from the years 2012 to 2023.
Though, ML in healthcare comes with some risks and unknown possibilities yet, restricted and monitored
application of ML in healthcare may hasten the healthcare system, save time, help to make
efficient decisions in non-invasive ways, and may open up new possibilities in the healthcare system.
Learning Framework for Joint Optimal Node Placement and Resource
Management in Dynamic Fog Environment
Authors: S Sheela , Kumar S. M. Dilip 
Published: February 2024

Background:
With recent improvements in fog computing, it is now feasible to offer
faster response time and better service delivery quality; however, the impending challenge is to
place the fog nodes within the environment optimally. A review of existing literature showcases
that consideration of joint problems such as fog node placement and resource management are less
reported. Irrespective of different available methodologies, it is noted that a learning scheme facilitates
better capability to incorporate intelligence in the network device, which can act as an enabling
technique for superior operation of fog nodes.

Objective:
The prime objective of the study is to introduce simplified and novel computational
modelling toward the optimal placement of fog nodes with improved resource allocation mechanisms
concerning bandwidth

Methods:
Implemented in Python, the proposed scheme performs predictive operations using the
Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) method. Markov modelling is used to frame the model.
OpenAI Gym library is used for environment modelling, bridging communication between the
environment and the learning agent.

Results:
Quantitative results indicate that the proposed scheme performs better than existing
schemes by approximately 30%.

Conclusion:
The prime innovative approach introduced is the implementation of a reinforcement
learning algorithm with a Markov chain towards enriching the predictive analytical capabilities of
the controller system with faster service relaying operations a.
Exploring the Depths of Marine Biotechnology: Discoveries, Diversity, and
Future Horizons
Authors: Mishra Manoj Kumar , Shukla Ajay Kumar , Dev Suresh Kumar , Ahmad Razi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract:
Among the various technological advancements in different fields that help fulfill our
needs further, marine biotechnology is one that has brought a significant change in the overall
bleak outlook of the limited resources that the oceans have to offer. Marine biotechnology has not
just revolutionized the method of farming and increased productivity, but it has also ensured a consistent
supply to various cuisines throughout the world. In recent years, marine biotechnology has
outgrown its traditional image in the seafood-related industry to one that caters to a plethora of industries
such as enzyme technology, pharmaceuticals, tanning industry, cancer therapeutics, cosmetic
industry, biodegradable polymers, and bioremediation. These are a few among a broad spectrum
of industries where it finds applications and many more are yet to be explored. Remarkably,
marine biotechnology has not only helped restore the normal local flora and fauna of the oceans
but has also contributed extensively to conservation efforts. In this review, an attempt has been
made to follow the trails of the wide applicability of marine biotechnology as well as its impact on
various sectors in recent years.