bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TP53 and p16INK4A, but not H‐KI‐Ras, are involved in tumorigenesis and progression of pleomorphic adenomas
Authors: Augello Claudia , Gregorio Valter , Bazan Viviana , Cammareri Patrizia , Agnese Valentina , Cascio Sandra , Corsale Simona , Calò Valentina , Gullo Arianna , Passantino Rita , Gargano Grazia , Bruno Loredana , Rinaldi Gaetana , Morello Vincenza , Gerbino Aldo , Tomasino Rosa Maria , Macaluso Marcella , Surmacz Eva , Russo Antonio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe putative role of TP53 and p16INK4A tumor suppressor genes and Ras oncogenes in the development and progression of salivary gland neoplasias was studied in 28 cases of pleomorphic adenomas (PA), 4 cases of cystic adenocarcinomas, and 1 case of carcinoma ex‐PA. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in the above genes were analyzed by Polymerase Chain Reaction/Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (PCR/SSCP) and sequencing and by Methylation Specific‐PCR (MS‐PCR). Mutations in TP53 were found in 14% (4/28) of PAs and in 60% (3/5) of carcinomas. Mutations in H‐Ras and K‐Ras were identified in 4% (1/28) and 7% (2/28) of PAs, respectively. Only 20% (1/5) of carcinomas screened displayed mutations in K‐Ras. p16INK4A promoter hypermethylation was found in 14% (4/28) of PAs and 100% (5/5) carcinomas. All genetic and epigenetic alterations were detected exclusively in the epithelial and transitional tumor components, and were absent in the mesenchymal parts. Our analysis suggests that TP53 mutations and p16INK4A promoter methylation, but not alterations in the H‐Ras and K‐Ras genes, might be involved in the malignant progression of PA into carcinoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cerebrospinal fluid tau, Aß, and phosphorylated tau protein for the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Formichi Patrizia , Battisti Carla , Radi Elena , Federico Antonio 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe diagnosis of AD is still largely based on exclusion criteria of secondary causes and other forms of dementia with similar clinical pictures, than the diagnostic accuracy of AD is low. Improved methods of early diagnosis are needed, particularly because drugs treatment is more effective in the early stages of the disease. Recent research focused the attention to biochemical diagnostic markers (biomarkers) and according to the proposal of a consensus group on biomarkers, three candidate CSF markers reflecting the pathological AD processes, have recently been identified: total tau protein (t‐tau), amyloid ß(1–42) protein (Aß42), and tau protein phosphorylated at AD‐specific epitopes (p‐tau). Several articles report reduced CSF levels of Aß42 and increased CSF levels of t‐tau and p‐tau in AD; the sensitivity and specificity of these data are able for discrimination of AD patients from controls. However, the specificity for other dementias is low. According to the literature analysis reported in the present review, we can conclude that the combination of the CSF markers and their ratios may significantly increase the specificity and the accuracy of AD diagnosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Human glioblastoma ADF cells express tyrosinase, L‐tyrosine hydroxylase and melanosomes and are sensitive to L‐tyrosine and phenylthiourea
Authors: Bonfigli Antonella , Zarivi Osvaldo , Colafarina Sabrina , Cimini Anna Maria , Ragnelli Anna Maria , Aimola Pierpaolo , Natali Pier Giorgio , Cerù Maria Paola , Amicarelli Fernanda , Miranda Michele 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMelanocytes and neuroblasts share the property of transforming L‐tyrosine through two distinct metabolic pathways leading to melanogenesis and catecholamine synthesis, respectively. While tyrosinase (TYR) activity has been shown to be expressed by neuroblastoma it remains to be established as to whether also glioblastomas cells are endowed with this property. We have addressed this issue using the human continuous glioblastoma cell line ADF. We demonstrated that these cells possess tyrosinase as well as L‐tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and synthesize melanosomes. Because the two pathways are potentially cyto‐genotoxic due to production of quinones, semiquinones, and reactive oxygen species (ROS), we have also investigated the expression of the peroxisomal proliferators activated receptor α (PPARα) and nuclear factor‐kB (NFkB) transcription factor as well the effect of L‐tyrosine concentration on cell survival. We report that L‐tyrosine down‐regulates PPARα expression in ADF cells but not neuroblastoma and that this aminoacid and phenylthiourea (PTU) induces apoptosis in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of structure on the tissue dynamics of the human soleus muscle observed in MRI studies during isometric contractions
Authors: Hodgson John A. , Finni Taija , Lai Alex M. , Edgerton V. Reggie , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis article investigates how the internal structure of muscle and its relationship with tendon and even skeletal structures influence the translation of muscle fiber contractions into movement of a limb. Reconstructions of the anatomy of the human soleus muscle from the Visible Human Dataset (available from the National Library of Medicine), magnetic resonance images (MRI), and cadaver studies revealed a complex 3D connective tissue structure populated with pennate muscle fibers. The posterior aponeurosis and the median septum of the soleus form the insertion of the muscle and are continuous with the Achilles tendon. The distal extremities of the pennate muscle fibers attach to these structures. The anterior aponeurosis is located intramuscularly, between the posterior aponeurosis and the median septum. It forms the origin of the muscle and contacts the proximal extremities of the soleus muscle fibers. MRI measurements of in vivo tissue velocities during isometric contractions (20% and 40% maximum voluntary contractions) revealed a similarly complex 3D distribution of tissue movements. The distribution of velocities was similar to the distribution of major connective tissue structures within the muscle. During an isometric contraction, muscle fiber contractions move the median septum and posterior aponeurosis proximally, relative to the anterior aponeurosis. The pennate arrangement of muscle fibers probably amplifies muscle fiber length changes but not sufficiently to account for the twofold difference in muscle fiber length changes relative to excursion of the calcaneus. The discrepancy may be accounted for by an additional gain mechanism operating directly on the Achilles tendon by constraining the posterior movement of the tendon, which would otherwise occur due to the increasingly posterior location of the calcaneus in plantarflexeion. J. Morphol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of the Weibull model to describe inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli by citric and lactic acid at different temperatures
Authors: Virto R , Sanz D , Álvarez I , Condón S , Raso J 
Published: January 2006

AbstractInactivation of Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli by citric (10‐150 g L−1) and lactic (1‐60 mL L−1) acids at different temperatures (4, 20, 40 °C) has been investigated. Bactericidal effect of both acids was dependent on time and temperature of exposure and acid concentration. Survival curves of L. monocytogenes treated by lactic acid were concave downward and those treated by citric acid were linear. On the other hand, survival curves of E. coli treated by both organic acids were concave upward. Shape of survival curves depended on the type of acid but not on the treatment temperature. A mathematical model based on the Weibull distribution accurately described the kinetics of inactivation of both microorganisms by both acids. This model allowed quantification and comparison of the acid resistance of L. monocytogenes and E. coli. Lactic acid was more effective than citric acid and E. coli was more sensitive to both acids than L. monocytogenes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Bioavailability of zinc from infant foods by in vitro methods (solubility, dialyzability and uptake and transport by Caco‐2 cells)
Authors: Perales Sara , Barberá Reyes , Lagarda M Jesús , Farré Rosaura 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of zinc from infant foods (adapted, follow‐up and toddler milk‐based formulas and fruit juices containing milk and cereals, FMC) using solubility, dialyzability and a model combining simulated gastrointestinal digestion and zinc uptake and transport by Caco‐2 cells. The greater solubility of zinc from infant formulas compared with fruit juices (FMC) could be due to the greater casein phosphopeptide content resulting from casein hydrolysis. The highest zinc dialysis percentage corresponded to FMC, which on the other hand had the lowest zinc contents of the analyzed samples. The presence of organic acids in samples of this kind favors the formation of soluble low molecular weight complexes with zinc, thereby increasing the solubility of the latter. Bifidobacterium addition exerted no effect upon zinc bioavailability. Transport and uptake efficiency in Caco‐2 cells were significantly greater for toddler formulas, which presented the highest casein contents. The greater efficiency in zinc transport and uptake from the powdered toddler formula compared with the liquid formulation could be explained by the effect of Maillard reaction products. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Determination of Addition and Fragmentation Rate Coefficients in RAFT Polymerization via Time‐Resolved ESR Spectroscopy after Laser Pulse Initiation
Authors: Buback Michael , Hesse Pascal , Junkers Tanja , Vana Philipp 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: A method for simultaneous determination of both the addition and fragmentation rate coefficients of the RAFT equilibrium reactions is presented, which is based on laser single pulse initiation in conjunction with microsecond time‐resolved ESR spectroscopy. The build‐up and subsequent decay in concentration of the intermediate radical are measured and kad and kβ values are deduced from fitting the concentration versus time profiles to simple kinetic models.Normalized ESR signal intensity vs. time after firing an initiating laser pulse in BMPT‐mediated butyl acrylate polymerization.magnified imageNormalized ESR signal intensity vs. time after firing an initiating laser pulse in BMPT‐mediated butyl acrylate polymerization.
Control over the Wettability of Colloidal Crystal Films by Assembly Temperature
Authors: Wang Jingxia , Wen Yongqiang , Feng Xinjian , Song Yanlin , Jiang Lei 
Published: January 2006

AbstractSummary: A facile method to fabricate colloidal crystal films with tunable wettability from an amphiphilic material polystyrene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(acrylic acid) is presented. The wettability of the film can be tuned from superhydrophilic (CA, 0°) to superhydrophobic (CA, 150.2°) by varying the assembly temperature, while the position of the photonic bandgap of the colloidal crystal films remains virtually unchanged. The method could open new application fields of colloidal crystals in diverse environments.The relationship of assembly temperature with water CA (inset is the water droplet profile of the relative water CA).magnified imageThe relationship of assembly temperature with water CA (inset is the water droplet profile of the relative water CA).
Lymphatic microsurgery for the treatment of lymphedema
Authors: Campisi C. , Davini D. , Bellini C. , Taddei G. , Villa G. , Fulcheri E. , Zilli A. , Da Rin E. , Eretta C. , Boccardo F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOne of the main problems of microsurgery for lymphedema consists of the discrepancy between the excellent technical possibilities and the subsequently insufficient reduction of the lymphoedematous tissue fibrosis and sclerosis. Appropriate treatment based on pathologic study and surgical outcome have not been adequately documented. Over the past 25 years, more than 1000 patients with peripheral lymphedema have been treated with microsurgical techniques. Derivative lymphatic micro‐vascular procedures has today its most exemplary application in multiple lymphatic‐venous anastomoses (LVA). For those cases where a venous disease is associated to more or less latent or manifest lymphostatic pathology of such severity to contraindicate a lymphatic‐venous shunt, reconstructive lymphatic microsurgery techniques have been developed (autologous venous grafts or lymphatic‐venous‐Iymphatic‐plasty ‐ LVLA). Objective assessment was undertaken by water volumetry and lymphoscintigraphy. Subjective improvement was noted in 87% of patients. Objectively, volume changes showed a significant improvement in 83%, with an average reduction of 67% of the excess volume. Of those patients followed‐up, 85% have been able to discontinue the use of conservative measures, with an average follow‐up of more than 7 years and average reduction in excess volume of 69%. There was a 87% reduction in the incidence of cellulitis after microsurgery. Microsurgical lymphatic‐venous anastomoses have a place in the treatment of peripheral lymphedema and should be the therapy of choice in patients who are not sufficiently responsive to nonsurgical treatment. Improved results can be expected with operations performed earlier at the very first stages of lymphedema. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 26: 65–69, 2006.
New double quantum coherence filter for localized detection of glutathione in vivo
Authors: Zhao Tiejun , Heberlein Keith , Jonas Carolyn , Jones Dean P. , Hu Xiaoping 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this work, a new double quantum filter for glutathione (GSH) editing is introduced, combined with the point‐resolved spectroscopy localization sequence (PRESS), and demonstrated in vivo. Compared to the conventional double quantum coherence filter, the new filter has two major advantages. First, it eliminates the need for calibration scans for optimizing the signal yield, making it more efficient and convenient for routine use. Second, it removes the influence of water saturation pulses on the GSH yield, further improving its accuracy. With this method, GSH concentrations in the left and right parietal lobes of five healthy volunteers were determined to be 0.91 ± 0.16 mM and 0.89 ± 0.16 mM, respectively, in agreement with previous studies. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of the Vaccine Analytic Unit's research agenda for investigating potential adverse events associated with anthrax vaccine adsorbed
Authors: Payne Daniel C. , Franzke Laura H. , Stehr‐Green Paul A. , Schwartz Benjamin , McNeil Michael M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPurposeIn 2002, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Vaccine Analytic Unit (VAU) in collaboration with the Department of Defense (DoD). The focus of this report is to describe the process by which the VAU's anthrax vaccine safety research plan was developed following a comprehensive review of these topics.MethodsPublic health literature, surveillance data, and clinical sources were reviewed to create a list of adverse events hypothesized to be potentially related to anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA). From this list, a consensus process was used to select 11 important research topics. Adverse event background papers were written for each of these topics, addressing predetermined criteria. These were independently reviewed and ranked by a National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) workgroup. The adverse events included in the final priority list will be the subject of observational or other post marketing surveillance studies using the Defense Medical Surveillance System (DMSS) database.ResultsA review of various information sources identified over 100 potential adverse events. The review process recommended 11 topics as potentially warranting further study. The NVAC workgroup identified the following adverse event topics for study: arthritis, optic neuritis, and Stevens–Johnson syndrome/Toxic epidermal necrolysis. Two additional topics (systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and multiple, near‐concurrent military vaccinations) were added in response to emerging public health and military concerns.ConclusionsThe experience described, while specific for establishing the VAU's research agenda for the safety of the current anthrax vaccine, may be useful and adapted for research planning in other areas of public health research. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nanotechnologies in proteomics
Authors: Ivanov Yuri D. , Govorun Vadim M. , Bykov Victor A. , Archakov Alexander I. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProgress in proteomic researches is largely determined by development and implementation of new methods for the revelation and identification of proteins in biological material in a wide concentration range (from 10−3 M to single molecules). The most perspective approaches to address this problem involve (i) nanotechnological physicochemical procedures for the separation of multicomponent protein mixtures; among these of particular interest are biospecific nanotechnological procedures for selection of proteins from multicomponent protein mixtures with their subsequent concentration on solid support; (ii) identification and counting of single molecules by use of molecular detectors. The prototypes of biospecific nanotechnological procedures, based on the capture of ligand biomolecules by biomolecules of immobilized ligate and the concentration of the captured ligands on appropriate surfaces, are well known; these are affinity chromatography, magnetic biobeads technology, different biosensor methods, etc. Here, we review the most promising nanotechnological approaches for selection of proteins and kinetic characterization of their complexes based on these biospecific methods with subsequent MS/MS identification of proteins and protein complexes. Two major groups of methods for the analysis and identification of individual molecules and their complexes by use of molecular detectors will be reviewed: scanning probe microscopy (SPM) (including atomic‐force microscopy) and cryomassdetector technology.
SELDI‐TOF MS of quadruplicate urine and serum samples to evaluate changes related to storage conditions
Authors: Traum Avram Z. , Wells Meghan P. , Aivado Manuel , Libermann Towia A. , Ramoni Marco F. , Schachter Asher D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProteomic profiling with SELDI‐TOF MS has facilitated the discovery of disease‐specific protein profiles. However, multicenter studies are often hindered by the logistics required for prompt deep‐freezing of samples in liquid nitrogen or dry ice within the clinic setting prior to shipping. We report high concordance between MS profiles within sets of quadruplicate split urine and serum samples deep‐frozen at 0, 2, 6, and 24 h after sample collection. Gage R&R results confirm that deep‐freezing times are not a statistically significant source of SELDI‐TOF MS variability for either blood or urine.
Differential protein expression in brain capillary endothelial cells induced by hypoxia and posthypoxic reoxygenation
Authors: Haseloff Reiner F. , Krause Eberhard , Bigl Marina , Mikoteit Kerstin , Stanimirovic Danica , Blasig Ingolf E. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCerebral ischemia causes functional alteration of the blood–brain barrier, formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC). Changes in protein expression and activity of selected differentially expressed enzymes were investigated in BCEC subjected to hypoxia (24 h) alone or followed by a 24‐h reoxygenation. BCEC proteins were isolated, separated by 2‐DE, and identified by MALDI‐MS. Computer‐based 2‐D gel analysis identified 21 up‐regulated proteins and 4 down‐regulated proteins after hypoxia alone and 9 proteins that were further up‐regulated after posthypoxic reoxygenation. The expression of the majority of hypoxia‐induced proteins was reduced toward control levels during reoxygenation. The most prominent changes were identified for glycolytic enzymes (e.g., phosphoglycerate kinase), proteins of the ER (e.g., calreticulin), and cytoskeletal (e.g., vimentin) proteins. The results indicate that BCEC respond to hypoxia/reoxygenation by adaptive up‐regulation of proteins involved in the glycolysis, protein synthesis, and stress response.
Vinyl‐terminated side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyethers containing mesogenic benzylideneaniline moieties
Authors: Callau Lourdes , Giamberini Marta , Reina José Antonio , Mantecón Ana 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of two vinyl‐terminated side‐chain liquid‐crystalline polyethers containing benzylideneaniline moieties as mesogenic cores was approached in two different ways: by chemically modifying poly(epichlorohydrin) with suitable mesogenic acids or by polymerizing analogous glycidyl ester or glycidyl ether derivatives. In all the conditions tested, the first approach led to materials in which the imine group was hydrolyzed. The second approach led to the desired polymers PG2a and PG2b, but only from the glycidyl ether derivatives and when the initiator was the system that combined polyiminophosphazene base t‐Bu‐P4 and 3,5‐di‐t‐butylphenol. These polymers were chemically characterized by IR and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. The estimated degrees of polymerization ranged from 30 to 36. The liquid crystalline behavior of the synthesized polymers was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy (POM) and X‐ray diffraction. Both polymers behave like liquid crystals and exhibited a single mesophase, which was recognized as a smectic C mesophase, probably with a bilayer arrangement, i.e., a smectic C2 mesophase. The crosslinking of both polymers was performed with dicumyl peroxide as initiator, which led to liquid crystalline thermosets. POM and X‐ray diffraction confirmed that the mesophase organization mantained on the crosslinked materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1877–1889, 2006
Copolymerization of ethylene with styrene catalyzed by a linked bis(phenolato) titanium catalyst
Authors: Capacchione Carmine , Proto Antonio , Ebeling Henner , Mülhaupt Rolf , Okuda Jun 
Published: January 2006

AbstractCopolymerization of ethylene with styrene, catalyzed by 1,4‐dithiabutanediyl‐linked bis(phenolato) titanium complex and methylaluminoxane, produced exclusively ethylene–styrene copolymers with high activity. Copolymerization parameters were calculated to be rE = 1.2 for ethylene and rS = 0.031 for styrene, with rE rS = 0.037 indicating preference for alternating copolymerization. The copolymer microstructure can be varied by changing the ratio between the monomers in the copolymerization feed, affording copolymers with styrene content up to 68%. The copolymer microstructure was fully elucidated by 13C NMR spectroscopy revealing, in the copolymers with styrene content higher than 50%, the presence of long styrene–styrene homosequences, occasionally interrupted by isolated ethylene units. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1908–1913, 2006