bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Frequency of root‐filled teeth and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult Turkish population
Authors: Gulsahi K. , Gulsahi A. , Ungor M. , Genc Y. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  To report the frequency and distribution of root‐filled teeth as well as the prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult population in Turkey.Summary  Digital panoramic radiographs of 1000 patients who were examined at the Baskent University Faculty of Dentistry between December 2004 and May 2005 were evaluated. Patients ageing <15 years and those with less than nine remaining teeth were excluded. The coronal and periapical status of all the teeth with the exception of third molars was examined according to the criteria proposed by De Moor et al. (2000). Statistical analysis was performed with the Rao and Scott adjusted chi‐square test for the comparison of clustered binary data. In all, 24 433 teeth were examined. A total of 346 teeth (1.4%) had radiographic signs of apical periodontitis, and 812 were root filled (3.3%). Of the 812 root‐filled teeth, 148 (18.2%) had apical periodontitis. Of the 23 621 nonroot‐filled teeth, 198 (0.8%) had apical periodontitis. The number of root‐filled teeth in male subjects was significantly less than that in female subjects (P < 0.001), but the presence of apical periodontitis in male subjects was significantly higher than that in female subjects (P < 0.05).Key learning points

The prevalence of apical periodontitis and the frequency of root‐filled teeth with apical periodontitis were lower than in comparable populations in other countries.
The number of root‐filled teeth was comparable to that found in other epidemiologic studies.
The relative importance of environment, human activity and space in explaining species richness of South African bird orders
Authors: Wilson John W. , Van Rensburg Berndt J. , Ferguson J. Willem H. , Keith Mark 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  To assess the relative importance of environmental (climate, habitat heterogeneity and topography), human (population density, economic prosperity and land transformation) and spatial (autocorrelation) influences, and the interactions between these predictor groups, on species richness patterns of various avifaunal orders.Location  South Africa.Methods  Generalized linear models were used to determine the amount of variation in species richness, for each order, attributable to each of the different predictor groups. To assess the relationships between species richness and the various predictor groups, a deviance statistic (a measure of goodness of fit for each model) and the percentage deviation explained for the best fitting model were calculated.Results  Of the 12 avifaunal orders examined, spatially structured environmental deviance accounted for most of the variation in species richness in 11 orders (averaging 28%), and 50% or more in seven orders. However, orders comprising mostly water birds (Charadriiformes, Anseriformes, Ciconiformes) had a relatively large component of purely spatial deviance compared with spatially structured environmental deviance, and much of this spatial deviance was due to higher‐order spatial effects such as patchiness, as opposed to linear gradients in species richness. Although human activity, in general, offered little explanatory power to species richness patterns, it was an important correlate of spatial variation in species of Charadriiformes and Anseriformes. The species richness of these water birds was positively related to the presence of artificial water bodies.Main conclusions  Not all bird orders showed similar trends when assessing, simultaneously, the relative importance of environmental, human and spatial influences in affecting bird species richness patterns. Although spatially structured environmental deviance described most of the variation in bird species richness, the explanatory power of purely spatial deviance, mostly due to nonlinear geographical effects such as patchiness, became more apparent in orders representing water birds. This was especially true for Charadriiformes, where the strong anthropogenic relationship has negative implications for the successful conservation of this group.
Shifts in the ecological behaviour of plant species between two distant regions: evidence from the base richness gradient in mires
Authors: Hájková Petra , Hájek Michal , Apostolova Iva , Zelený David , Dítě Daniel 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  Water pH and conductivity are known to be major environmental factors controlling the species composition of nutrient‐poor wetlands. Based on the analysis of two large data sets of species co‐occurrence, sampled along the entire pH/calcium gradient, we explored whether species exhibit similar or different ecological behaviour in the two regions.Location  West Carpathians (central Europe) and Bulgaria (south‐eastern Europe), situated 800 km apart. Bulgaria represents a range margin for many mire species.Methods  The probability of occurrence of the 41 most common species along the pH and conductivity gradients was assessed using logistic regression fitted by means of generalized additive models. The species optimum and amplitude were determined. To check the possible effect of competitive release, we estimated where the potential maximum number of species (maximum overlap in realized niches) occurs along the base richness gradient.Results  Most of the 41 frequently occurring species showed a significant response to water pH and ln‐transformed conductivity (approximating total mineral richness) in both regions. Eight species showed a shift in pH optimum greater than one unit, while 12 species showed the same or a larger shift along the conductivity gradient. Nearly all these striking shifts were connected to an extension of species tolerance towards mineral‐poor acid habitats in Bulgaria, which causes links between species and measured factors to be conspicuously weaker in Bulgaria than in the West Carpathians. Regarding ecological amplitude, 24 species exhibited a wider tolerance to water conductivity in the West Carpathians, whereas 17 species exhibited a wider tolerance in Bulgaria.Main conclusions  A distinctive variation in the realized niche was observed in a large portion of the species examined. Niche shifts between local populations of the same species were similar to those of closely related vicariant species. Ecotypic adaptation within species is a possible explanation for this pattern. Other possible explanations (competitive release, specific habitat conditions, compensation for climate) seem to be less justified. The local populations of rich‐fen species may have adapted to mineral‐poor acid conditions in the high crystalline mountains of Bulgaria during dry periods of pleniglacials.Nomenclature  Marhold & Hindák (1998); for Balkan elements not included in this source, Andreev et al. (1992).
Patterns of post‐glacial spread and the extent of glacial refugia of European beech (Fagus sylvatica)
Authors: Magri Donatella 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  Establishing possible relationships between the magnitudes of the glacial distribution of the European beech, Fagus sylvatica L., and its post‐glacial spread.Location  Europe.Methods  A database of over 400 pollen records has been used to locate Fagus populations at the end of the last glacial and during the post‐glacial in Europe and to assess the areal extent of their past distribution.Results  The rate of late‐glacial and post‐glacial increase in the number of pollen sites where Fagus was locally present conforms well to a logistic model of population growth. This suggests that the area occupied by beech populations expanded exponentially from the glacial refugia for a duration of over 10,000 years, until about 3500 yr bp. In the past three millennia beech populations increased at a slower rate, tending towards an equilibrium value.Main conclusions  The conformity of the increase in beech distribution to the classical logistic model of population growth indicates that: (1) a multiplicative biological process was the main factor shaping the pattern of the post‐glacial expansion of F. sylvatica in Europe, (2) climate conditions, human activity and competition may have influenced its rate of spread, and (3) beech populations did not expand with a moving closed front, but with a diffuse spread from scattered nuclei. The distribution of Fagus in Europe at the end of the last glacial appears to have been of two orders of magnitude less extensive than at present. Pleistocene refugia were likely to have been a mosaic of sparse stands of small populations scattered in multiple regions. Fagus populations appear to have increased very slowly and to a moderate extent in southern Europe, where they are now declining slightly. The central European populations increased quickly and extensively, reaching northern Europe, and are now approaching their carrying capacity.
Predicting cover types in a mountain range with long evolutionary grazing history: a GIS approach
Authors: Cingolani A. M. , Renison D. , Tecco P. A. , Gurvich D. E. , Cabido M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  To determine how the distribution and cover of different vegetation types are affected by physical factors and livestock in a mountain range with a long evolutionary history of grazing.Location  Upper vegetation belt of the Córdoba mountains (1700–2800 m a.s.l., 31º34′ S, 64º50′ W) in central Argentina.Methods  Using GIS, we analysed the relationships of plant cover types to physical features (physiography and topography) and indicators of accumulated livestock pressure (distance to human settlements and roads) through multinomial logistic regression. We predicted a present vegetation map which was validated with a real map. We then constructed two maps simulating minimum and maximum values of accumulated livestock pressure for the whole area. Map comparisons allowed evaluation of the possible influence of livestock, both in extension and intensity.Results  Both physical features and livestock pressure influenced the occurrence of vegetation units. The overall accuracy of the predicted map at the pixel level was low (26%) indicating low habitat specificity of the vegetation units. We suggest that some part of the unaccounted for variance was due to livestock pressure patterns that were not fully captured by our indicators. Our models proved adequate for predicting the total percentages of vegetation units at coarser scales. The extrapolations showed that under a history of low livestock pressure, such as in sites far away from human settlements and roads, the area would be dominated by woodlands, tussock grasslands and natural rock outcrops. Under a history of heavy livestock pressure, in turn, rock exposed by erosion, tussock grasslands and natural rock outcrops would dominate.Main conclusions  Vegetation units showed low habitat specificity, and were associated with accumulated livestock pressure, indicating that livestock and its associated activities are important factors structuring the landscape and have important consequences for the integrity of the ecosystem. Results suggest that although this system evolved with large herbivores, it has experienced irreversible degradation processes, and intensification of current domestic livestock pressure is likely to lead to even more land degradation.
Distribution patterns of the genus Pacifigorgia (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): track compatibility analysis and parsimony analysis of endemicity
Authors: Vargas Sergio , Guzman Hector M. , Breedy Odalisca 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAim  We analysed the distribution patterns of the eastern Pacific octocoral genus Pacifigorgia and deduced its ancestral distribution to determine why Pacifigorgia is absent from the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean of central America, and the Antilles. We also examined the current patterns of endemism for Pacifigorgia to look for congruence between hot spots of endemism in the genus and generally recognized areas of endemism for the eastern Pacific.Location  The tropical eastern Pacific and western Atlantic, America.Methods  We used track compatibility analysis (TCA) and parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) to derive ancestral distribution patterns and hot spots of endemism, respectively. Distributional data for Pacifigorgia were gathered from several museum collections and from fieldwork, particularly in the Pacific of Costa Rica and Panama.Results  A single generalized track joined the three main continental eastern Pacific biogeographical provinces and the western Atlantic. This track can be included within a larger eastern Atlantic–eastern Pacific transoceanic track that may be the oldest transoceanic track occurring in the region. PAE results designate previously recognized eastern Pacific biogeographical provinces as Pacifigorgia hot spots of endemism. The number of endemic species, which for other taxonomic groups is similar among the eastern Pacific provinces, is higher in the Panamic province for Pacifigorgia.Main conclusions  We propose that the absence of Pacifigorgia from the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean of central America, and the Antilles is the result of an ancient absence of the genus from these areas rather than the consequence of a major, recent, extinction episode. The Cortez province and the Mexican province appear together as a result of either non‐response to vicariance or dispersal across the Sinaloan Gap. We posit that the Central American Gap acts as a barrier that separates the Panamic province from the northern Cortez–Mexican province.
Cross‐cultural adaptation of a pre‐school screening instrument: comparison of Korean and US populations
Authors: Heo K. H. , Squires J. , Yovanoff P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Accurate and efficient developmental screening measures are critical for early identification of developmental problems; however, few reliable and valid tests are available in Korea as well as other countries outside the USA. The Ages and Stages Questionnaires (ASQ) was chosen for study with young children in Korea.Methods  The ASQ was translated into Korean and necessary cross‐cultural adaptations were made. The translated version was then distributed and completed by 3220 parents of young children between the ages of 4 months and 5 years. Reliability was studied including domain correlations, internal consistency, and performance of identification cut‐off scores for the Korean population. Rasch analyses including tests of Differential Item Functioning, contrasting Korean and US samples were also performed.Results  In general, internal consistency of the Korean ASQ was high, with overall correlations 0.75 for communication, 0.85 for gross motor, 0.74 for fine motor, 0.72 for problem solving, and 0.65 for personal‐social. Validity, including concurrent validity, also had strong evidence. Mean scores of children on the Korean translation of the ASQ and the US normative sample were generally similar. Rasch analyses indicated the majority of items functioned similarly across the Korean sample.Conclusions  In general, the ASQ was translated with cultural appropriateness in mind and functioned as a valid and reliable parent‐completed screening test to assist in early identification of young children with developmental delays. Further research is needed to confirm these results with a larger and more diverse Korean sample.
Psychiatric morbidity and social functioning among adults with borderline intelligence living in private households
Authors: Hassiotis A. , Strydom A. , Hall I. , Ali A. , Lawrence‐Smith G. , Meltzer H. , Head J , Bebbington P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Approximately one‐eighth of the population will have DSM‐IV borderline intelligence. Various mental disorders and social disability are associated with it.Method  The paper uses data (secondary analysis) from a UK‐wide cross‐sectional survey of 8450 adults living in private households. Data were collected on psychiatric disorders, intellectual level, social functioning and service use.Results  In total, 12.3% of the sample had borderline intelligence. The prevalence of psychotic disorder was not significantly increased, but the group showed significant social disadvantage and increased rates of neurotic disorders, substance misuse and personality disorders when compared with their counterparts of normal intelligence. The borderline group was more likely to receive psychiatric medication, but not talking therapies. They appear to use significantly more services, including emergency services.Conclusion  Adults with borderline intelligence are more likely to suffer from treatable mental disorders and an excess of substance misuse. Services should be aware of hidden morbidity in this group.
Statistical analysis of sand grain/bed collision process recorded by high‐speed digital camera
Authors: WANG DAWEI , WANG YUAN , YANG BIN , ZHANG WEI , Lancaster Nick 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA high‐speed digital camera was employed to record the sand grain/bed collision process. With image processing and a statistical method, a series of parameters of the collision process were obtained. The results show that the collision process of a grain with rebounding can be represented by two parameters: the kinetic energy restitution coefficient and the collision angle. Both parameters satisfy a normal distribution, and they are dependent on one another. With an increase of the collision angle, the distribution of the kinetic energy restitution gradually reduces from a broad to a narrow range with low values. The percentage of vertical velocity restitution coefficients greater than 1 can reach 70% or more, which ensures that the settling time of the sand grains in the air increases and that they receive more energy from the air to progress the saltation movement.
Authigenic seep‐carbonates cementing coarse‐grained deposits in a fan‐delta depositional system (middle Miocene, Marnoso‐arenacea Formation, central Italy)
Authors: CONTI S. , FONTANA D. , LUCENTE C.C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSeep‐carbonates (13C‐depleted) are present at different levels within the Miocene terrigenous succession of Deruta (Marnoso‐arenacea Formation, central Italy); they are associated with pebbly sandstones and conglomerates in a tectonically active fan‐delta slope depositional system. Most of these seep‐carbonates are included in slide/slump horizons as scattered blocks. The occurrence of seep‐carbonates is clear evidence of the flow of methane‐rich fluids pervading the sediments. Fluids, probably of biogenic origin, may have reached the sea‐bottom through thrust faults and selectively infiltrated the more permeable coarse‐grained horizons deposited along the slope. Different stages of fluid emissions are documented: slow flux stage, corresponding to the development of large carbonate bodies and dense chemosynthetic communities; and fast fluid flow associated with intense carbonate brecciation, pipes and veins. Large amounts of authigenic carbonates are reworked by slope failures triggered by tectonics and fluids reducing sediment strength; in situ cementation of slide blocks may also have occurred due to remobilization of methane‐rich fluids by mass‐wasting processes.
Do head lice spread in swimming pools?
Authors: Canyon Deon , Speare Richard 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the potential for head lice transmission in swimming pools using an in vitro experiment and a field trial. In the former study, head lice were submerged for 20 min in aqueous solutions at 25 ± 1 °C: deionized water, sea water, salt solutions (30, 60, 120 and 240 g/l), and chlorinated water (0.2, 2 and 5 mg/l). In all trials, lice located on cut hairs became immobile and did not respond to physical prodding. After entering stasis, no movement was observed until after rescue from submersion and a brief recovery period (0–1 min). Upon recovery, all lice fed and no mortality was observed within the next 4 h. In the field trial, four naturally infected individuals swam in a chlorinated pool for 30 min. No loss of lice or head to head transfer was observed. These results indicated that although head lice survive immersion, head lice transmission is unlikely to occur via the water of swimming pools.
Depression and anxiety in patients with Behçet's disease compared with that in patients with psoriasis
Authors: Taner Ender , Coşar Behcet , Burhanoğlu Sabri , Çalıkoğlu Emel , Önder Meltem , Arıkan Zehra 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Behçet's disease (BD) is a chronic, episodic disease with an often devastating course. The aim of this study was to evaluate the depression and anxiety levels in patients with BD and to compare them with those in patients with psoriasis.Methods  Patients were collected from the Dermatology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey. One hundred and twelve patients with BD and 95 patients with psoriasis were enrolled in the study. Patients were evaluated by Beck's depression inventory (BDI), Beck's anxiety inventory (BAI), automatic thoughts questionnaire (ATQ), and Beck's hopelessness scale (BHS).Results  The group with BD had higher scores for BDI, BAI, ATQ, and BHS than the group with psoriasis (P < 0.05). Almost one‐half of the patients with BD had depression. BAI only was higher in the younger BD group than in the corresponding psoriasis group, whereas all test scores were higher in the older BD group than in the corresponding psoriasis group. There was a strong correlation between the duration of BD and BDI, ATQ, and BHS scores, which was not observed in the psoriasis patients. BD increased the depression risk four‐fold in this sample, and BD with a duration of over 3 years increased the depression risk 12‐fold.Conclusions  In the present study, BD patients had higher levels of psychopathology than did psoriasis patients in terms of psychologic test scores. The duration of illness affected the severity of the psychiatric symptoms in the BD group, but not in the psoriasis group. The duration of illness was a major risk factor for the development of depression in BD. These findings indicate the need for early recognition of psychiatric symptoms in patients with BD.
Xeroderma pigmentosum: a Turkish case series
Authors: Gül Ülker , Kılıç Arzu , Gönül Müzeyyen , Çakmak Seray Külcü , Soylu Seçil 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackground  Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) is a rare, autosomal recessive genodermatosis in which affected individuals exhibit sun sensitivity, cutaneous pigment abnormalities, and a high incidence of skin cancers of sun‐exposed skin.Methods  We studied the clinical features of 12 XP patients from Turkey, who were followed for 5 years.Results  Consanguinity was confirmed in 10 cases. The onset of hyperpigmented macules and photosensitivity was between the ages of 6 months and 5 years (average age, 25 months). The first appearance of cutaneous tumors was at 3–28 years of age (average age, 12 years). In nine of the 12 patients, cutaneous malignancies were confirmed histopathologically, and all nine were squamous cell carcinomas. One patient developed both squamous cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma.Conclusions  This study presents the epidemiological and clinical features of Turkish XP patients. We believe this study will provide new data for further studies in the future.