bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Study of the Vibrational Spectra and Determination of Thermodynamic Functions of 2-Pyridone and 2-Pyridone-N-d
Authors: Medhi Kanak Chandra 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared spectra in the polycrystalline state (4000–50 cm−1), in melt and in solution and the Raman spectra in the solid state and in melt of the substances have been studied for 2-pyridone and 2-pyridone-N-d. A vibrational assignment of the observed frequencies is given. Ideal gas state thermodynamic functions of the two isotopic molecules based on the observed fundamental frequencies have been determined in the temperature range 200–1500 K.
Reaction of Amidine Phenylogous with p-Benzoquinones
Authors: El-Din Ahmed M Nour , Mourad Aboul-Fetouh E , Hassan Alaa A , Gomaa Mohsen A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
N-(4-Dimethylaminobenzylidene)anilines and N1-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)-N1,N2-diphenylformamidine reacted with tetrachloro-, tetrabromo,- and tetrafluoro-p-benzoquinones via charge-transfer complexes formation giving 2-monoarylamino-3,5,6-trihalo-p-benzoquinones and 2,5-bis(arylamino)-3,6-dihalo-p-benzoquinones. The course of the reaction leading to the formation of the products has been interpreted.
Effects of Six-Membered Chelate Rings in the Oxidant Cobalt(III) Complexes on the Stereoselective Oxidation of [Co(en)3]2+
Authors: Tatehata Akira , Akita Hiromi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stereoselectivities in the oxidation of [Co(en)3]2+ by chiral cobalt(III) complexes containing six-membered chelate ligands, such as malonate, β-alaninate, and acetylacetonate ions, were examined. All of the oxidant complexes with the Δ-configuration studied here, like the corresponding oxalato and glycinato complexes containing five-membered chelate rings, led to an excess of Λ-[Co(en)3]3+, with the exception of Δ-[Co(ox)(acac)2]−.
Solvent Bulkiness Effect on N,N-Dimethylformamide Exchange of the o-Phenylenediamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetatoferrate(III) Complex as Studied by a High-Pressure NMR Method
Authors: Mizuno Masafumi , Funahashi Shigenobu , Nakasuka Noriyuki , Tanaka Motoharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Activation parameters for solvent exchange of the title complex in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) have been determined as follows: k(25°C)=(3.4±0.2)×107 s−1, ΔH\eweq=18±3 kJ−1 mol−1, ΔS\eweq=−40±10 J K−1 mol−1, and ΔV\eweq=10±2 cm3 mol−1. The positive value of ΔV\eweq indicates that the DMF exchange proceeds via a dissociative interchange mechanism.
Epoxidation of 2-Butene-1,4-diones with Hydrogen Peroxide in the Presence of a Catalytic Amount of Quaternary Ammonium Iodide
Authors: Sayama Shinsei , Inamura Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The epoxidation of 1,4-disubstituted 2-butene-1,4-diones with 30% aq H2O2 in the presence of a catalytic amount of quaternary ammonium iodide afforded 2,3-epoxy-1,4-butanediones in high yield.
Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Give Unstable Carbon Oxides. An Attempt of Capture of Unstable Carbon Oxides Formed by the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide with Benzoin Carbanion Using Phenyliodonium Bis(phenylsulfonyl)methylide
Authors: Akiyama Fuminori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Capture of unstable carbon oxides formed by the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) with benzoin carbanion using phenyliodonium bis(phenylsulfonyl)methylide (1) was tried. In this reaction decomposition of the ylide 1 by the unstable carbon oxides was observed to give phenylsulfonylcarbene : CH(SO2Ph).
Synthesis of Phosphorus-Containing Polymers with Aziridine Ring
Authors: Trendafilova-Gercheva Dimitrina , Troev Koljo , Georgieva Milka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been established that phosphorus containing alkylammonium salts obtained by alkylation of primary amines with bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphonate or alkyl 2-chloroethyl phosphonate can be transformed into corresponding compounds with aziridine ring.
Elucidation of Solvatochromism for the Ligand Field Absorption Bands of Polyamine-N-polycarboxylato Cobaltate(III) and Chromate(III) Complexes of [M(N)2(O)4] Type
Authors: Kaizaki Sumio , Koine Norio , Sakagami Narumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solvatochromism of the first ligand field absorption bands and/or the solvent dependence of 13C and 59Co NMR shifts for trans- and cis-[M(N)2(O)4] type complexes of cobalt(III) or chromium(III) with various kinds of polyamine-N-polycarboxylato ligands was elucidated in terms of the angular overlap model (AOM) parametrization. On the basis of the difference in the solvent-dependence of spectroscopic data of the complexes studied in various solvents, it was found that the solvatochromism could result from variations of the metal-ligand σ and/or π bond interactions (expressed by the eσ(O), eσ(N), and anisotropic eπ(O) AOM parameter values) due to the preferential solvation toward the oxygen Pπ orbitals coplanar with the M(O)2 coordinate planes.
Synthesis and Reactions of Titanoxycarbene–Metal Carbonyl Complexes
Authors: Mashima Kazushi , Jyodoi Kouki , Ohyoshi Akira , Takaya Hidemasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A family of titanoxycarbene–metal carbonyl complexes of formula Cp*2TiOC(=MLn)CH2CH2 (3), where Cp*=η5-C5Me5 and MLn=Cr(CO)5, Mo(CO)5, W(CO)5, Mn2(CO)9, and Re2(CO)9, has been prepared by the treatment of titanocene-ethylene complex 1 with metal carbonyls of group 6 and 7. Complex 3b crystallizes in space group P2⁄a (Z=8) with cell constants a=30.401(1), b=9.251(1), c=27.561(5) Å, β=105.73(1)°, and V=7460(2) Å3 (data taken at −40 °C, 6715 reflections, R=0.069). Two independent molecules of 3b in crystal make an enantiomorphic pair. A notable feature of the structure is the long distance of Ti–O bond coupled with the short distance of C(2)–O bond, which is characterized by a large contribution of zwitterionic canonical form 7. Thermal decomposition of 3 affords ethylene and the corresponding metal carbonyls, indicating that the C(carbenic)–C(3) bond fission occurred selectively, which is rather unusual for conventional Fischer-type carbene complexes. Complexes 3 react rapidly with atmospheric pressure of carbon monoxide below −30°C to produce cyclic acyltitanium complexes 12. The reverse reactions occur even below −30°C upon replacement of carbon monoxide by argon. Complex 3b also reacts with t-butyl isocyanide with a cleavage of the Ti–O bond to give 1 : 2 adduct 17, whose molecular structure has been elucidated by X-ray crystallography [P21⁄n with cell constants a=14.964(2), b=26.207(4), c=14.719(3) Å, β=100.30(1)°, and V=5679(2) Å3 (measured at −120°C, 5311 reflections, R=0.068)], revealing that it has a novel zwitterionic structure possessing (η2-imidoyl)titanium cation and anionic acyldirhenium carbonyl moieties linked by an ethylene bridge. The controlled experiments show that complex 16 in which acyl ligand is trans to the Re–Re bond is the precursor of complex 17. Complex 18, a tungsten analogue of 17, has also been prepared. Reactions of 3b and 3e with acetylenes are also described.
Stability Constants of Imidazole– and Alkylimidazole–Copper(II) Complexes
Authors: Imai Hiromu , Tamura Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stability constants of imidazole (HIm)– and alkylimidazoles–copper(II) acetate complexes were calculated from the potentiometric titration data with the aid of the SUPERQUAD computer program. The stability constants of ionic species of [CuALr]+ type (A : CH3COO, L : HIm a, 1-CH3·Im b, 2-CH3·HIm c, 4-CH3·HIm d, 2-C2H5·HIm e, 2-(CH3)2CH·HIm f, r=1, 2, 3, and 4) detected from the complexes were ascertained to be decreased in the order of b(1-substituted)≥d(4-substituted)&gt;c(2-substituted) relating to the position of methyl group bonded to the imidazole ring, and c(2-CH3)&gt;e(2-C2H5)&gt;f(2-(CH3)2CH) relating to the kinds of alkyl group substituted on 2-position, respectively. The stability of these ionic species was discussed from the neutralization effect of the charge and the steric effect of alkyl group or acetate ion. The stability constants of the hydroxo species of [CuL2(OH)2] type indicated the extremely small values, and its order did not indicate a similar tendency with those of ionic species of [CuALr]+ types. The distribution of these complex species was investigated as a function of pH.
Archaebacterial Lipids: Surface Pressure–Surface Area Isotherms of 1,1′-(1,32-Dotriacontanediyl)bis[2-[(3RS,7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphochoIine]
Authors: Yamauchi Kiyoshi , Yamada Katsu , Kinoshita Masayoshi , Kamikawa Tadao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1,1′-(1,32-Dotriacontanediyl)bis[2-[(3RS,1R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine] (the tetramethylhexadecyl group=phytanyl) was synthesized conveniently by reactions involving etherification of 1,1′-(1,32-dotriacontanediyl)bis(3-benzyl-sn-glycerol) (1) with (7R,11R)-3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecenyl bromide and hydrogenation of the resulting unsaturated ether with p-tolylsulfonylhydrazine; a total yield from 1, 7–10%. Unlike usual monopolar double-chain-amphiphiles, the bipolar lipid bent into a U-form in a water–air interface to produce the Langmuir membrane, exhibiting peculiar surface pressure–surface area isotherms.
Syntheses and Properties of Dimethyl and Tetramethyl Anthra[1,9-cd : 4,10-c′d′]bis[1,2]dichalcogenoles and Their Charge-Transfer Complexes
Authors: Takimiya Kazuo , Aso Yoshio , Otsubo Tetsuo , Ogura Fumio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The dimethyl and tetramethyl derivatives of a series of anthra[1,9-cd : 4,10-c′d′]bis[1,2]dithiole, diselenole, and ditellurole have been prepared as a new type of electron donor. The introduced methyl groups serve to enhance not only the donor strength, but also the solubility, enabling a ready formation of their charge-transfer complexes with various electron acceptors such as 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ), its 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro derivative, 2,5-dimethyl derivative (DMTCNQ), 2,5-dimethoxy derivative (DMOTCNQ), 2,6-bis(dicyanomethylene)-2,6-dihydronaphthalene (TNAP), 3,3′-dichloro-5,5′-bis(dicyanomethylene)-Δ2.2′-bi(3-thiolene) (DCBT), and 3,3′-dibromo-5,5′-bis(dicyanomethylene)-Δ2.2′-bi(3-selenolene) (DBBS). Although the resulting complexes are mostly 1:1 stoichiometrical, the TCNQ complexes tend to favor a composition rich in acceptors; on the contrary, the DMTCNQ and DMOTCNQ complexes tend to favor a composition rich in donors. Their electrical conductivities range widely from 8 to 10−9 S cm−1, being apparently dependent on appropriate combinations of the donors and the acceptors. In general, the present donors have a tendency to form highly conductive complexes with TCNQ, TNAP, DCBT, and DBBS. These highly conductive complexes mostly show a broad electron absorption in the infrared region, being characteristic of a segregated stacked structure in a mixed valence state. On the other hand, the X-ray analyses of DMTCNQ complexes of 3,4-dimethyl, 8,9-dimethyl, and 3,4,8,9-tetramethylanthra[1,9-cd : 4,10-c′d′]diselenoles and 3,4,8,9-tetramethylanthra[1,9-cd : 4,10-c′d′]dithiole have revealed that all of the crystal structures have mixed stack columns of donor–donor–acceptor type. Of them, the 3,4-dimethyl derivative complex shows an unusually high conductivity (0.53 S cm−1) for a mixed stacked structure, which is considered to be due to strong heteroatomic interactions of the intra- and inter-columns.
Structural Studies of a Liquid Crystalline Compound, 2-(4-Cyanophenyl)-5-(4-butylphenyl)-1,3,2-dioxaborinane, by Means of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Analyses
Authors: Matsubara Hiroshi , Tanaka Takanori , Takai Yoshio , Sawada Masami , Seto Koji , Imazaki Hideyuki , Takahashi Shigetoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal and molecular structure of the title nematogen (1), has been determined by an X-ray analysis. Compound 1 belongs to the triclinic system with space group P-1, a=9.798(2), b=11.579(2), c=9.716(2) Å, α=74.081(13), β=117.766(14), γ=108.179(13)°, and with two molecules in the unit cell. The geometry around the boron atom is planar, and the plane defined by O2BC is parallel to the phenyl ring bonded to the boron atom. The angle between two phenyl rings is 74.3°. The molecules are in their most extended conformation, with nearest neighbors oriented antiparallel to each other. The 1H NMR studies have indicated that the half-chair conformation of the dioxaborinane is kept in a solution even at 125°C where 1 forms a nematic phase, and the rigidity is essential for the formation of mesophases.
Amidoselenation of Olefins Using p-Toluenesulfonamide as a Nitrogen Nucleophile
Authors: Toshimitsu Akio , Kusumoto Takehiro , Oida Tatsuo , Tanimoto Shigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of olefins, benzeneselenenyl chloride, and p-toluenesulfonamide in the presence of zinc(II) chloride affords N-[2-(phenylseleno)alkyl]-p-toluenesulfonamides in good to excellent yields. When combined with alkylation on the carbon atom bearing the phenylseleno group thus introduced and subsequent oxidative or reductive removal of the selenium moiety, this reaction can be utilized in the preparation of a wide range of allylic or saturated amides.
1-Chloroalkyl p-Tolyl Sulfoxides as Acetylide Anion Equivalent: A Novel Synthesis Including Asymmetric Synthesis of Propargylic Alcohols from Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Hayashi Yasumasa , Yamakawa Koji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Addition of the carbanion of 1-chloroalkyl p-tolyl sulfoxide to carbonyl compounds gave the adducts, which were heated in refluxing toluene or xylene to give vinyl chlorides in high overall yield. Dehydrochlorination of the vinyl chlorides with excess n-BuLi afforded propargylic alcohols in high yields. Asymmetric synthesis of both enantiomers of the propargylic alcohols was realized using optically active 1-chloroalkyl p-tolyl sulfoxide and aldehyde.
Mechanism of Production of Singlet Oxygen on Photoexcitation of Drugs Inducing Photosensitivity
Authors: Arai Tatsuo , Nishimura Yoshinobu , Sasaki Masako , Fujita Hitoshi , Matsuo Itsuro , Sakuragi Hirochika , Tokumaru Katsumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mechanism and active species of drug-induced photosensitive reactions were investigated by measuring the absorption spectra of the transient species on photoexcitation as well as by determining the efficiency of singlet oxygen production on quenching by oxygen of the excited state of drugs. The quantum yields of singlet oxygen production were determined for chlorpromazine hydrochloride, mequitazine, and afloqualone as 0.27, 0.28, and 0.14, respectively. These rather high yields of singlet oxygen suggest its important role in photosensitivity of the drugs. On the basis of the transient-spectroscopic investigations the quenching mechanism of excited-state drugs by oxygen was discussed.
β-α Photoisomerization of Cobaloxime Complexes in the Solid State. III. Accelerated Reaction Rate by Hydrogen Bond
Authors: Sekine Akiko , Ohashi Yuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structures of two cobaloxime complexes with different axial base ligands have been determined by X-ray analysis at room temperature. I: (3-Aminopyridine)(2-cyanoethyl)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III); the cystal is monoclinic, the space group being C2⁄c, Z=8 with a=28.849(8), b=7.746(2), c=18.429(5) Å, and β=105.71(3)°. II: (Aniline)(2-cyanoethyl)bis(dimethylglyoximato)cobalt(III) aniline solvate; the crystal is monoclinic, the space group being P21⁄c, Z=4 with a=14.228(7), b=11.426(4), c=14.178(3) Å, and β=91.92(3)°. Both structures were refined by a full-matrix least-squares method to final R values of 0.070 and 0.074 for 3886 and 3311 observed reflections, respectively. Their photoisomerization rates in the solid state obtained from changes in the IR spectra, 3.2 and 4.2×10−4 s−1, respectively, are significantly greater than those of the related compounds. The hydrogen bonds between the reactive 2-cyanoethyl groups and the atoms of the neighboring molecules in the two crystals should be responsible for the greater reaction rates. Taking into account the role of the hydrogen bonds, a probable isomerization mechanism is proposed.
Characterization of Molecular-Sieving Carbon for CO2-Adsorbers in Controlled Atmosphere Storage System
Authors: Tanahashi Ichiro , Nakama Hiroto , Nishino Atsushi , Takeda Jun 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Molecular sieving carbon (MSC) has been characterized for CO2-adsorbers in a controlled atmosphere storage (CA storage) system by a gas-adsorption method. Experimental data were analyzed by means of the Dubinin-Astakhov equation, the t-method, and the micropore analysis method. The BET surface area of MSC was 592 m2 g−1. In the pore size distribution curve of MSC, the most common pore diameter was 0.68 nm. The temperature and the space velocity dependence of adsorbers with MSC have been investigated. The CO2 adsorption capacity of adsorbers was determined by the gas-flow method. The capacity of the adsorbers at 60°C decreased to 55%, compared with that at 20°C; it decreased with increasing space velocity.
Silicon Effects. II. Structure and Stability of 1-Phenyl-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl Cation in Solution
Authors: Shimizu Nobujiro , Watanabe Shin-ichiro , Tsuno Yuho 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solvolysis rates have been measured in various solvents at 25°C for 1-(substituted phenyl)-2-(trimethyl-silyl)ethyl trifluoroacetates (1a–1g; R=H, 4-Me, 4-Cl, 4-Br, 3-Cl, 3,4-Cl2, and 3,5-Cl2, respectively) and structurally related compounds, 1-phenylethyl-, 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenylbutyl-, and 1-(4-methylphenyl)ethyl trifluoroacetates (3a, 4, and 5). In dioxane/water mixtures 1g solvolyzes with the same sensitivity to the change in solvent ionizing power as that for a kc substrate 5. The solvolyses of 1e and 5 exhibit almost identical α-deuterium kinetic isotope effects (kH⁄kD) of 1.18–1.19 in aq dioxane. Substituent effect on the solvolysis of 1 in 90% aq dioxane is expressed by an LArSR equation: logkX⁄kH=−3.05 (σ°+1.05Δ\barσR+) (R=0.9997). These findings are consistent with kc mechanism for the solvolysis of 1. Relative rates for the solvolysis of 1a, 3a, and 4 in 30% aq dioxane are 2.99×105 : 2.84 : 1.0 indicating solvolytic generation of α-(trimethylsilylmethyl)benzyl cation to be about 7 kcal mol−1 energetically more favorable than that of the corresponding α-alkylbenzyl cations.
Photochemical Trifluoromethylation of 1-Methylimidazoles and 1-Methylpyrroles Containing Methylthio Groups
Authors: Nishida Masakazu , Kimoto Hiroshi , Fujii Shozo , Hayakawa Yoshio , Cohen Louis A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The title reaction was achieved by UV (254 nm) irradiation with CF3I. The methylthio group was introduced to increase electron density and to limit available reactive sites in the rings. Following trifluoromethylation, the methylthio groups were readily removed by hydrogenolysis (Raney Ni) to give the desired trifluoromethyl heterocycles.
A Synthesis of 5′-O-Acryloyl-5-fluorouridine by Use of p-Methoxybenzyl Group as an N3-Imide Protecting Group of 5-Fluorouridine
Authors: Akiyama Takahiko , Takesue Yasuhiro , Kumegawa Masahiro , Nishimoto Hiroyuki , Ozaki Shoichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
5′-O-Acryloyl-5-fluorouridine was prepared by use of p-methoxybenzyl (PMB) group as an N3-imide protecting group of 5-fluorouridine. PMB group was introduced chemoselectively by use of N,N-diisopropylethylamine or DBU as a base. A new deprotection method was developed by means of AlCl3–anisole system at room temperature.
CO Hydrogenation over TiO2-Supported Ultrafine Fe3O4 Particle Catalysts Prepared by a Colloid Chemical Method
Authors: Chang Byong-tae , Kim Sung-jin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The properties of TiO2 supports and the H2 reduction temperature of Fe3O4/TiO2 catalysts were found to play imortant roles in determining their activity and light olefin selectivity. For each catalyst, a good linear relationship was observed between the CO conversion and the light olefin selectivity. The sequence of the latter under identical conditions was JRC-TIO-5&gt;TIO-3&gt;TIO-4.
A Theorem on p-Densities in the Hückel Model of Linear Chains
Authors: Isihara Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The hyperivial condition upon p-densities is applied to the simple Hiickel model of linear chains. The invariance of the modified p-density is derived in fully generalized form. Any bond order between nonadjacent sites is shown expressible in terms of two electron densities or two bond orders between adjacent sites.
Intercalation of Enzymes in γ-Titanium(IV) Phosphate
Authors: Kanzaki Yasushi , Abe Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The intercalation of enzymes with molecular weights of 23000–240000 was examined for layered inorganic compounds. The intercalation of papain and catalase into γ-type titanium(IV) phosphate was achieved by coexisting pro-pylamine in an aqueous medium. The intercalation compound of papain was enzyme active for N-benzoyl-l-arginine ethyl ester and a catalase intercalation compound for H2O2 decomposition.
Synthesis of d-Altrose via d-Altrosan from Levoglucosenone
Authors: Matsumoto Katsuya , Ebata Takashi , Koseki Koshi , Kawakami Hiroshi , Matsushita Hajime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The stereoselective reduction and cis-dihydroxylation of levoglucosenone (1,6-anhydro-3,4-dideoxy-β-d-glycero-hex-3-enopyranos-2-ulose), gave d-altrosan (1,6-anhydro-β-d-altropyranose), which could be converted to d-altrose in high yield.
Emission Spectra of Fluorobenzenes by Controlled Electron Impact
Authors: Fukuzumi Takahiro , Nakashima Keiji , Ogawa Teiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence emission spectra of fluorobenzene, p-difluorobenzene and hexafluorobenzene excited in collisions with electrons were measured for the study of the dynamics of the exciting aromatic system. These spectra showed a band assignable to the S1→S0 transition of the parent molecule. The bands of fluorobenzene and p-difluorobenzene were intense and showed a pronounced vibrational structure and the intense vibrational transitions were optically allowed. Whereas, that of hexafluorobenzene was broad and weak and did not show any clear vibrational structure.
Combustion Reactions in Silane–Air Flames I. Flat Premixed Flames
Authors: Fukutani Seishiro , Uodome Yasuhiro , Kunioshi Nílson , Jinno Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In this work the combustion mechanism of silane–air flames is elucidated through a simulation employing a detailed chemical scheme. Two different pathways for the consumption of silane were found: SiH4→SiH3→SiH2O→HSiO, which proceeds in low-temperature regions, and SiH4→SiH2→HSiO, occurring at high temperatures; this supports results previously reported in the literature. It was also found that some reactions occur over wide ranges of temperature and that the governing step for the whole silane combustion is the reaction of silane with hydroxyl radicals. A least square fitting to the burning velocities and adiabatic flame temperatures obtained for the four investigated mixtures, with equivalence ratios of 2.0, 1.43, 1.0, and 0.5, indicated that a mixture with equivalence ratio of about 1.2 would have the largest burning velocity and the highest flame temperature.
Combustion Reactions in Silane–Air Flames II. Counterflow Diffusion Flame
Authors: Fukutani Seishiro , Kunioshi Nílson , Uodome Yasuhiro , Jinno Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A detailed chemical reaction scheme and a full set of governing equations for fluid dynamics were used to elucidate the chemical and physical phenomena involved in a silane–air counterflow diffusion flame, where the fuel and air issue from the lower and upper nozzles, respectively. It was found that a stagnation surface, where the axial velocities fall down to zero, is kept in a position slightly shifted to the upper side, dividing the system into two zones: the upper air side and the lower fuel side; after leaving the nozzle silane begins to dissociate itself into SiH2 and H2 when it reaches the region of rising temperature; oxygen penetrates into the fuel side by diffusion and reacts with H2 forming OH radicals and H atoms. The produced SiH2 is further dehydrogenated to SiO via HSiO; comparing with premixed flames, the diffusion flames have large local equivalence ratios, so that the combustion reactions in the latter flames occur through a different mechanism.