bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dental Implants in Edentulous Adults with Cognitive Disabilities: Report of a Pilot Project
Authors: Durham Timothy M. , King Thomas , Salinas Thomas , Franco Theodore , Ross Jason 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIndividuals with cognitive disabilities face many barriers to oral care, often suffering from partial or complete edentulism. While the use of implant reconstruction is becoming more common in the general population, such care is still being used infrequently in individuals with intellectual impairment. A pilot project in 1995 surgically placed and restored implant‐supported prostheses in six edentulous adults who had varying degrees of cognitive impairment. This report presents the dentists' reconstruction experiences and the patients' follow‐up care, and discusses the results in relationship to current literature. Experiences from these patients suggest that behavior during the restorative process, prosthetic complications post placement, and patients' oral hygiene practices should influence patient selection and prosthetic design. Anteriorly placed fixtures and removable designs, which make self‐care and repair easier, can be used to treat an edentulous population.
Fractures of the mandible in the aging population
Authors: Sidal Tarkan , DMD Donald A. Curtis 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTMaxillofacial trauma in elderly patients represents a significant social concern, as it uses one‐third of all medical resources allocated to trauma care. Studies have shown the incidence of maxillofacial trauma in the elderly population has been increasing over the past 30 years.A common injury in patients who present with maxillofacial trauma is fracture of the mandible. The etiology, demographics, and management of elderly patients with mandibular fractures differ from younger cohorts. Falls are the primary reason for mandibular fracture in the elderly with 30% of individuals over 65 years of age falling each year. This increases to more than 40% in persons 80 years and older. Elderly persons with atrophic mandible have less osteogenic capability and reduced blood flow, and may have a complex medical history, so that management of a fracture of the mandible may require special considerations.The purpose of this review paper was to examine demographic patterns and the etiology of mandibular fractures in the elderly; and to evaluate treatment strategies.
The efficacy of oral lumenoscopy™ (ViziLite®) in visualizing oral mucosal lesions
Authors: Epstein Joel B. , Gorsky Meir , Lonky Stewart , Silverman Sol , Epstein Joshua D. , Bride Mark 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEarly diagnosis of oral mucosal lesions has been advocated as a means of improving outcomes of cancer therapy. Improved visualization of mucosal lesion* may aid in diagnosis by guiding tinue sampling or referral. This multi‐center study reports the effect of chemiluminescent light (ViziLite) upon visualization of mucosal lesions. The cftemiluminescent light did not appear to improve visualization of red lesions, but white lesions and lesions that were both red and white showed enhanced brightness and sharpness.
Prevalence of oral diseases in Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome
Authors: Ho William , Cheretakis Chrisovalantou , Durie Peter , Kulkarni Gajanan , Glogauer Michael 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and severity of oral diseases in patients with Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome (SDS). Thirty‐five persons with SDS were compared to 20 healthy contrais. A cross‐sectional survey was carried out using self‐reporting questionnaires and dental radiographs collected from the subjects and their dentists. Overall, oral diseases were more prevalent among subjects with SDS when compared to contrais (p<0.001). Persons with SDS also had more caries in both primary (p<0.03) and permanent dentitions (p<0.01), and also had delayed dental development (p<0.04). Oral soft tissue pathoses, such as recurrent oral ulcerations (p<0.00) and gingival bleeding upon brushing (p<0.00), were significantly more prevalent in subjects with SDS. Pain on eating was also more frequent amongst persons with SDS (p<0.008) and was often associated with oral ulcerations (p<0.002). In conclusion, based on self‐completed subject and dentist questionnaires, diseases of oral hard and soft tissues were more prevalent and severe in persons with SDS when compared with healthy contrais.
The prevalence and antibiotic sensitivity of oral Viridans streptococci in healthy children and children with disabilities in Kuwait
Authors: Salako Nathanael O. , Rotimi Vincent , Philip Leeba , Haidar Hussien A. , Hamdan Hussien M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to compare the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Viridans streptococci (VS) isolated from the oral cavity of healthy children and children with disabilities in Kuwait. Plaque samples were collected from the tooth and tongue surfaces of 102 healthy children and 102 children who were intellectually disabled and institutionalized. The resistance to seven antibiotics (amoxicillin, cephalothin, clindamycin, erythromycin, penicillin G, tetracycline, and vancomycin) was tested.A total of 330 (44.5%) VS were isolated from the children who were healthy and 411 (55.5%) from children with disabilities. The most common isolates were S. salivarias (27.3%) in healthy children; S. sanguis (22.6%) was predominant among children who were disabled. S. mutans was found in 12.1% of the healthy children and in 16.5% of the children who were disabled. The combined percentage of resistant strains (healthy and disabled) was found to be highest with amoxicillin (43%) and lowest with vancomycin (12%). S. sanguis, S. mitis and S. oralis were more resistant in healthy children (45%, 56%, and 55% respectively) than in children with disabilities (40%, 47% and 47% respectively). S. mutans was the least resistant species to all antibiotics in both groups of children. About 56% of ali streptococci isolated from both groups were resistant to at least one of the antibiotics tested.The data showed that there was a diference in the level of resistance of oral VS isolated from healthy children and children with disabilities to some antibiotics commonly used in dentistry.
Denture‐handling ability of elderly persons with dementia: Examination of time spent inserting and removing dentures
Authors: Kubo Kin‐ya , Linuma Mitsuo , Shibutani Toshiaki , Ito Masaki , Iwaku Fumihiko 
Published: March 2008

ARSTRACTTo evaluate the effects of dementia on denture‐handling ability, we measured the amount of time that elderly subjects spent inserting and removing dentures. Elderly subjects with dementia tended to take more time inserting and removing dentures than those who were not demented. Only elderly patients who were severely demented needed signifi‐cantly more time removing partial dentures than they did removing complete dentures. There was no significant difference between the time spent inserting dentures and removing dentures. The greater amount of time required to inseri or remove dentures for subjects with dementia was due to dis‐orientation. The results indicate that elderly people with mild to moderate dementia are able to insert and remove their dentures without help.
Salivary parameters in infants aged 12 to 60 months with Down syndrome
Authors: Siqueira Walter Luiz , Siqueira Michelle Foigel , Mustacchi Zan , de Oliveira Elisabeth , Nicolau José 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to measure certain components in whole saliva from children with Down syndrome aged 12 months to 60 months. Twenty children with Down syndrome were compared with 18 children without Down syndrome. Whole saliva was collected under slight suction and the salivary pH was measured with a portable pH meter soon after collection. Electrolyte concentrations were determined by inductively coupled argon plasma with atomic emission spectrometry. Sialic acid was determined by thiobarbituric acid assay. Amylase was assayed measuring the maltose produced by the breakdown of starch and peroxidase with ortho‐dianisidine.No statistically significant differences were observed in sialic acid, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium concentrations between the group with Down syndrome and the control group. Protein and sodium concentration were higher in the group with Down syndrome compared to the control group. On the other hand, the flow rate, pH, amylase and peroxidase activities and potassium concentration were lower in those with Down syndrome compared to those children in the control group.
Oral health needs and barriers to dental care in hospitalized children
Authors: Nicopoulos Martine , Brennan Michael T. , Kent M. Louise , Brickhouse Tegwyn H. , Rogers Mary K. , Fox Philip C. , Lockhart Peter B. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to examine the oral health status and utilization of dental care reported by hospitalized children.A bedside oral examination was performed on hospitalized children. Past dental treatment and current oral health needs were assessed. The mean age (± SD) of 120 enrolled patients was 6.7 (± 2.9) years (range 3 to 12); 60% were males. The age of the patients' first dental office visit was 3.5 t 1.8 years, with 28% having never seen a dentist. Unmet oral health needs (e.g., untreated dental caries) were noted in 42% of children, and soft tissue (mucosal) abnormalities in 59% of children. Children with chronic medical conditions reported barriers to receiving dental care more often (24%) than children with acute medical conditions (3.5%) (p=0.04).A high prevalance of unmet oral health needs and soft tissue abnormalities was identified in a hospitalized pediatric population. Children with chronic medical conditions were more likely to experience barriers to obtaining dental care.
Bone resorption and serum levels of vitamin D metabolites in the hypophosphataemic rat
Authors: Malcolm Alan , Reynolds Eric 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe supplementation of a low phosphate diet with vitamin D has been shown to result in an increase in bone resorption in the hypophosphataemic rat. The aim of the present study was to determine if administration of vitamin D to rats fed a vitamin D and phosphate‐depleted diet would result in an increase in the circulatory levels of the active vitamin D metabolite 1,25(OH)2D3 and an associated increase in bone resorption. Three groups of weanling Sprague‐Dawley rats were used. The first group consisted of control animals on a normal laboratory stock diet and the second and third groups were experimental animals receiving a vitamin D‐and phosphate‐deficient diet with the third group receiving vitamin D supplementation. All animals were housed in the dark. After 30 days on the diet the experimental animals received 0.1 mmol NaH2PO4 by intraperitoneal injection. Blood was sampled at zero, 3, 6, 18 and 48 h post‐injection and analysed for the vitamin D metabolites 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, calcium and inorganic phosphate (Pi). The serum analyses revealed that the level of 25(OH)D3 in the hypophosphataemic animals was significantly lower than that of the control animals. However the 1,25(OH)3D3 level was initially significantly higher, then dropped to the control level at 18 h post‐intraperitoneal injection of phosphate. Further, the serum levels of 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2D3, calcium and Pi in the hypophosphataemic animals supplemented with vitamin D were significantly higher than those of the vitamin D‐deficient animals. Also the vitamin D‐supplemented animals exhibited significantly greater levels of bone resorption. These results therefore, are consistent with a role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in bone resorption in hypophosphataemic rats.
Serious complications of endodontic infections: Some caustionary tales
Authors: Walsh L. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhile endodontic (dentoalveolar) abscesses can cause significant morbidity, in susceptible individuals they can pose life‐threatening problems. This paper provides an overview of the more serious sequelae of endodontic abscesses, and provides examples of ‘high risk’ situations in practice in which these serious complications are more likely to occur.
Periodontal and prosthetic therapy in severely advanced periodontitis by the use of the crown sleeve coping telescope denture. A longitudinal case report
Authors: Hou Guey‐Lin , Tsai Chi‐Cheng , Weisgold Arnold S. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe crown and sleeve‐coping (CSC) telescope denture is a removable prosthesis that is supported by both selectively retained teeth and the residual ridge or mucosa. Limited information regarding longitudinal studies of the CSC telescope denture has been reported as to the response of the abutments and their surrounding periodontal tissues to this type of design. The authors have documented a longitudinal ten‐year follow‐up of a case which was considered ‘hopeless’ for oral rehabilitation because of advanced periodontitis. The CSC telescope denture used in this case resulted in a significant improvement to the remaining dentition. The beneficial results of this form of treatment can be considered for a wide variety of clinical applications for the severely advanced periodontitis case.
The effects of die‐Spacidng on post‐cementation crown elevation and retention
Authors: Carter Steven M. , Wilson Peter R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThis paper reviews the relevant dental literature concerning the effect fo die‐spacing on crown elevation and pre‐ and post‐cementation crown retention. Techniques of providing die‐spacing and measurement of the thickness of the role of the provision of a cement space in reducing post‐cementation crown elevation is presented. Factors which may affect crown retnetion prior to and following cementation are also reviewed. The influence of variables in techniques and experimental design on the results of the studies reviewed is discussed.
Infection control and contaminated waste disposal practices in Southern Sydney Area Health Service Dental Clinics
Authors: Cannata Santo , Bek Mark , Baker Pamela , Fett Michael 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe sterilization and contaminated waste disposal practices in all 14 dental clinics operated by the Southern Sydney Area Health Service were surveyed. All of the clinics used autoclaves for sterilization. All hand instruments, handpieces and triplex syringes were autoclaved between patients. Chemical disinfection solutions were used in 12 of the 14 dental clinics, mainly for surface decontamination. Five dental clinics had separate storage areas for contaminated waste which compiled with contaminated waste separation and disposal guidelines. The practice of recapping needles with fingers and some inadequate washing facilites are areas that require particular attention.
Paediatric dentistry: Coronal radiolucency. Case reports
Authors: Rutar J. E. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCases have been reported in the literature in which a coronal defect has been noted in unerupted permanent teeth. This paper reports on two cases which were treated by professional intervention. Knowledge of the existence of this condition, early recognition of its radiographic characteristics, and appropriate treatment is a major factor in achieving a successful outcome.
Clinical and electron microscope comparison of silk sutures and n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate in human musosa
Authors: Giray C. B. , Atasever A. , Durgun B. , Araz K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe use of tissue adhesives as an alternative to or replacement for sutures in wound closure has long been an area of interest. One of these tissue adhesives is a cyanoacrylate. In 15 patients, who underwent root resections of the upper incisors on both sides, the incision lines were closed with silk sutures on one side and by n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate on the other side of the frenum. Clinical comparison was made on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st postoperative days. On the seventh postoperative day following the removal of sutures and the coating, small punch biopsies were obtained from n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate treated and sutured sides. The tissue specimens were examined under transmission electron microscope. Clinical observations revealed that on the third and seventh postoperative days epithelialization was better on the sides treated with n‐butyl‐2‐cyanoacrylate. On the twenty‐first postoperative day it was observed that the scar formation was significantly more marked and there was more local inflammation during the healing period on the sutured side. Electron microscopic observations of both tissue specimens revealed normal ultrastructural morphology.
The current status of low level laser therapy in detistry. Part 2. Hard tissue applications
Authors: Walsh L. J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWhile most application of low level laser therapy (LLLT) in dentistry are directed toward soft tissues, in recent years there has been increasing interest in tooth‐related or hard tissue applications of LLLT. This reprt provides an overview of application of LLLT in the treatment of dentine hypersensitivity and pain arising from the periodontal ligament, and describes the phenomenon of lethal laser photosensitization and its applications in the treatment of dental caries. Technical aspects of LLLT equipment and safety concerns are also discussed.
Cysticercosis in labial tissue. Case report
Authors: Pinswasdi Prapas , Charoensiri Darunee Jintakanon 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCysticercosis is a condition in which a human acts as the intermediate host of Taenia solium, a pork tapeworm. The larvae infestation sites frequently include cerebral tissue, ocular organs, and muscles. The present case report describes a rare incidence of cysticercosis in the oral region.
Direct resin‐bonded, fibre‐reinforced anterior bridges: A clinical report
Authors: Culy Graham , Tyas Martin J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDirect resin composite cantilever bridges were placed in patients to replace 26 single upper anterior teeth and one upper premolar. Twenty‐four bridges were simple cantilevers, and three were fixed‐fixed bridges. The bridges were constructed with hybrid resin composite placed around a resinimpregnated plasma‐etched polyalkane fibre bundle bonded to the abutment tooth enamel by the acid‐etch technique. Twenty‐five bridges were assessed at 10±1 months. Two had fractured due to trauma, however, in both cases the pontic remained attached to the abutment tooth by the fibre bundle. This method of tooth replacement is viewed as a rapid, simple, cost‐effective means of replacing anterior teeth in selected patients.
Combined endodontic‐orthodontic and prosthodontic treatment of fractured teeth. Case report
Authors: Kocadereli Ilken , Taşman Füugen , Güner Sibel Başhan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA case history of a 10 year old patient who accidentally injured his maxillary left central incisor is presented. The fracture of the crown extended about 4 mm below the crest of the alveolar bone. After pulpectomy and root canal therapy, a screw was cemented into the canal of the incisor. By means of a removable orthodontic appliance, the fractured tooth was extruded and the fracture line was brought above the level of the alveolar bone. The tooth was then restored with a veneer crown over a post core. A tooth that would have been extracted routinely was thus saved and restored through the use of a collaborative approach.
The prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in practising dental staff and dental students
Authors: Lin Shao K. , Lambert John R. , Schembri Mark A. , Nicholson Lesley , Johnson Ian H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRecent studies suggest Helicobacter pylori is spread by faecal‐oral or oral‐oral transmission. Gastroenterologists who are exposed to gastric secretions and saliva have a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. Venous blood was obtained from 92 dentists, 40 dental nurses, 33 fifth year and 30 first year dental students. An ELISA assay was used to detect H. pylori IgG antibodies. Results were compared with an age and sex matched normal population. The prevalence of H. pylori infection in dentists, dental nurses, fifth year dental students and first year dental students were 23 per cent, 18 per cent, 18 per cent and 16 per cent, respectively. There were no significant differences when compared with the normal population controls. The prevalence of H. pylori antibody was not significantly increased with years of practice or patient contact time in dentists and dental nurses. Helicobacter pylori infection is uncommon in dental professionals working in the oral cavity.
A new cavity classification
Authors: Mount Graham J. , BDS W. Rory Hume 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWith the development of adhesive restorative materials and a far better understanding of the action of the fluoride ion it is suggested that the time has arrived for a reassessment of the traditional cavity classification as set out by G. V. Black over one hundred years ago. When preventive measures and remineralization fail and a carious lesion has progressed through the enamel into the dentine there is a need to remove the infected dentine, and possibly some of the affected dentine as well, to eliminate cavitation and avoid further accumulation of plaque. In most situations this will involve removal of enamel to achieve access to the infected dentine but, in the presence of fluoride, both enamel and dentine are capable of being remineralized and therefore conserved, at least to a degree.The principle of minimal extension must be encouraged to allow maximum preservation of natural tooth structure. A new cavity classification is proposed which is designed to make the most of the potential for healing which is inherent in both enamel and dentine. However, it must be accepted that a considerable proportion of restorative dentistry is carried out to replace failed restorations and, in this case, cavity design will be complicated by existing loss of tooth structure.
Thegosis ‐ A critical review
Authors: Murray Christopher G. , Sanson Gordon D. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe evidence for tooth sharpening has been examined and it has been concluded that there is no evidence for a posterior tooth sharpening mechanism which is independent of masticatory function and improves the efficiency of that function.Anterior tooth sharpening may occur in some species as behavioural activity but it is not accepted that this sharpening is directed towards the production of new incisiform weapons as distinct from the improvement of existing caniniform weapons, or more efficient tools for the manipulation of food. Thegosis (from the Greek, thego to whet or sharpen) is a term which could be used to describe the sharpening of anterior teeth under specific often socially context driven situations. Stress is accepted as a cause of non‐masticatory tooth to tooth contact as is the suggestion that excessive tooth grinding and clenching is pathological and stress related. Bruxism and pathological thegosis are suggested synonymous terms for this activity.
Cracked tooth syndrome—Incidence, clinical findings and treatment
Authors: BDSc C. I. (Kip) Homewood 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCracked tooth syndrome (CTS) is a common occurrence in modern general practice. This article reviews the forces placed on the human dentition and the effect restorative dentistry has on the strength of tooth structure. The study reports on the incidence of CTS in a general practice, finding a far higher incidence in teeth which have not. marginal ridge restored than those which have had the marginal ridge restored those which have not. The various types of treatment modalities advocated and their relative merits are discussed.