bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Reconstructive Surgery in Lower Extremity Soft Tissue Sarcoma
Authors: Rinkel W. D. , Martin E. , Krijgh D. D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Soft tissue sarcomas (STS) are relatively rare cancers, commonly occurring in the extremities. Over the last decades a shift in the treatment of extremity STS has occurred, from limb amputations toward so-called limb salvage surgery (LSS). This review provides an overview of the current surgical treatment options for lower extremity STS and how the role of reconstructive surgery may evolve in the coming years toward optimizing functional outcomes and improving the quality of life in these patients.

Recent Findings
Recent research has shown that having a low threshold for advanced reconstructive techniques, with the goal of bringing well-vascularized tissue to the defect, may lower the wound complication rates, especially in preoperatively irradiated tumors. Careful preoperative planning should not only include an optimal balance between complete surgical resection and preservation of vital structures, but also the possibilities of restoring anticipated loss of function. Such functional reconstructions may include the use of free functional muscle transfers but also tendon transfers and any type of nerve reconstruction. A more recent development is lymphatic surgery for STS patients to prevent or treat lymphorrhea and lymphedema. Future prospective studies should further study the indications, the timing of the surgery, and measure the outcomes of the lymphatic surgical techniques to further gain insights into the efficacy.

Summary
Novel techniques such as functional reconstructions, nerve transfers, and lymphatic surgery are within the realms of reconstructive options and therefore, it is important that patients with a STS are taken care of in centers that have a multidisciplinary team with a reconstructive surgeon as a member.
Spatter reduction in deep penetration welding of pure copper using blue-IR hybrid laser
Authors: Fujio Shumpei , Sato Yuji , Sudo Mao , Takenaka Keisuke , Tojo Koji , Pasang Timotius , Tsukamoto Masahiro 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBead-on-plate welding of pure copper with a blue-IR hybrid laser was conducted to achieve a spatter suppression in deep penetration welding of pure copper for the performance improvement of battery and power device of e-mobility. This hybrid laser combines an infrared (IR) laser and a blue diode laser as the welding source and preheating source, respectively. Preheating increases the light absorptivity of pure copper in the IR region. A 1.5-kW blue diode laser was employed to increase the light absorptivity by changing the phase of the preheated area from solid phase to liquid and gas phase. By experimentally investigating the influence of the blue diode laser intensity, the phase effects of the preheated area on pure copper welding with a blue-IR hybrid laser are elucidated. As a result, it was found that a liquid preheated area minimizes spatter during deep penetration welding.
Upper Marianian (Cambrian Series 2) trilobites from the Totanés–Noez area (Central Iberian Zone, Toledo province, Spain): systematics and intercontinental correlation
Authors: Sepúlveda Alexandre , Chirivella Martorell Juan B. , Collantes Luis , Mayoral Eduardo , Liñán Eladio , Gozalo Rodolfo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMarianian (Cambrian Series 2) trilobites from the area between Totanés and Noez (Central Iberian Zone) are described and their biostratigraphical significance is discussed. The trilobites come from eight localities and can be divided into two main assemblages: the first is characterised bySerrodiscus bellimarginatus,Chelediscuscf.garzoni,Atops calanus,Pseudatops reticulatusand indeterminate polymeroid trilobites. The second assemblage consists ofSerrodiscus bellimarginatus,Triangulaspiscf.fusca,Andalusiana palaciosin. sp.,Termierella totanesensisn. sp. andAcanthomicmaccasp. Both fossil associations indicate a late Marianian age in the regional stratigraphic scheme for the Cambrian of the Iberian Peninsula, asSerrodiscus,ChelediscusandPseudatopshave been recorded from the upper Marianian substage, whileTriangulaspis,Andalusiana,TermierellaandAcanthomicmaccaare indicative of the middle to upper Marianian. The taxa considered here have regional and intercontinental correlation potential. The presence of the globally distributed genusSerrodiscusallows correlation in the Cambrian Series 2. The first assemblage, composed ofSerrodiscus,Chelediscus,AtopsandPseudatops, has been reported from the Ossa-Morena Zone, Avalonia, Laurentia, Baltica and Siberia, improving the correlation between these regions. The second assemblage ofAndalusiana,Termierella,TriangulaspisandSerrodiscusis comparable to other assemblages from the Ossa-Morena Zone, the Iberian Chains and Morocco, withTriangulaspisalso reported from Newfoundland and Siberia. In addition, the proposal of the ISCS regarding the co-occurrence ofHebediscus,Calodiscus,SerrodiscusandTriangulaspisas a potential marker for the base of the Cambrian Stage 4 may imply that the upper Marianian of Iberia could be approximately correlated with the base of this stage.
Review on pressure drop through a randomly packed bed of crushed rocks
Authors: Hassan Elzubeir B. E. , Hoffmann Jaap 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPredicting the pressure drop across a packed bed of crushed rock is regarded as a crucial parameter for estimating pump power and packed bed capacity. This paper critically evaluates the most prominent correlations for predicting the pressure drop across a packed bed of crushed rock, drawing from both numerical and experimental studies found in the literature. It also explores the various parameters that significantly affect the measurement of pressure drop. The study identifies that the size and shape of the particles, bed dimensions, and packing arrangement are key determinants in the measurement of pressure drop. Additionally, it is observed that the orientation of the particles within the bed plays a crucial role, indicating that traditional correlations may not provide accurate predictions for pressure drops in crushed rock. The paper demonstrates that applying the porous media approach, where the inertial and viscous terms in the pressure drop correlation are treated as tensors rather than constants, offers superior results. Finally, the study underscores the necessity for further research to comprehensively comprehend the flow within packed beds of crushed rock.
Improving Breast Cancer Diagnosis Accuracy by Particle Swarm Optimization Feature Selection
Authors: Kazerani Reihane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBreast cancer has been one of the leading causes of death among women in the world. Early detection of this disease can save patient’s lives and reduce mortality. Due to the large number of features involved in the diagnosis of this disease, the breast cancer diagnosis process can be time consuming. To reduce cost and time and improving accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis, this paper propose a feature selection algorithm based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) combined with machine learning methods for selection the most effective features for breast cancer diagnosis among all features. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed feature selection method, it was tested on three most common breast cancer datasets available in the University of California, Irvine (UCI) repository named: Coimbra dataset (CD), Wisconsin Diagnostic Breast Cancer dataset (WDBC) and Wisconsin Prognostic Breast Cancer dataset (WPBC). In the Coimbra dataset with all its 9 features and without PSO feature selection algorithm the highest obtained accuracy was 87% by Support Vector Machine method, while with PSO feature selection algorithm the accuracy reached to 91% and the number of features was reduced from 9 to 4. In the WDBC dataset with all its 30 features and without PSO feature selection algorithm the highest obtained accuracy was 99% by Random Forest method, while with PSO feature selection algorithm the accuracy reached to 100% and the number of features was reduced from 30 to 19. In the WPBC dataset with all its 33 features and without PSO feature selection algorithm the highest obtained accuracy was 94% by Support Vector Machine method, while with PSO feature selection algorithm the accuracy reached to 96% and the number of features was reduced from 33 to 17. The results of this paper indicated that the proposed feature selection algorithm based on PSO algorithm can improve the accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. While it has selected fewer and more effective features than the total number of features in the original datasets.
Uniqueness of Nonlinear Inverse Problem for Sturm–Liouville Operator with Multiple Delays
Authors: Gao Chenghua , Du Gaofeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The inverse problem concerns how to reconstruct the operator from given spectral data. The main goal of this paper is to address nonlinear inverse Sturm–Liouville problem with multiple delays. By using a new technique and method: zero function extension, we establish the uniqueness result and practical method for recovering the nonlinear inverse problem from two spectra.
The acceptability of behavioural interventions in financial decision-making
Authors: de Jonge Patricia , Ungureanu Olga , Zeelenberg Marcel , Verlegh Peeter W. J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFinancial policymakers increasingly rely on behavioural insights to protect the interests of consumers. However, little is known about how citizens feel about interventions designed to nudge their financial behaviour. Most literature on the acceptability of behavioural interventions focuses on the health domain. To address this gap, we present the results of an experiment on the acceptability of seven financial behavioural interventions (N = 684, members of a panel of the Dutch Authority for the Financial Markets). We investigate the role of the agent implementing the intervention (policymaker versus financial company) and perceived effectiveness in relation to the acceptability of these interventions. The acceptability of behavioural interventions in financial decision-making appears to be lower than the acceptability levels found in previous studies. We find no effect of the agent on acceptability. Perceived effectiveness is strongly correlated with acceptability, but only perceived effectiveness in influencing one's own decisions has a consistently positive relationship with acceptability. Perceived effectiveness in influencing others' decisions has either no, a positive, or a negative relationship with acceptability. These results highlight that acceptability appears to be at least partly domain-specific and show that we have only just begun understanding the acceptability of behavioural interventions and its drivers.
Medical-Legal Partnerships Reinvigorate Systems Lawyering Using an Upstream Approach
Authors: Mitchell L. Kate , Chopp Debra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe upstream framework presented in public health and medicine considers health problems from a preventive perspective, seeking to understand and address the root causes of poor health. Medical-legal partnerships (MLPs) have demonstrated the value of this upstream framework in the practice of law and engage in upstream lawyering by utilizing systemic advocacy to address root causes of injustices and health inequities. This article explores upstreaming and its use by MLPs in reframing legal practice.
The Constitutionality of Medicare Drug-Price Negotiation under the Takings Clause
Authors: Bhargava Raj , Brown Nathan , Kapczynski Amy , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Lim Stephanie Y. , Morten Christopher J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent months, pharmaceutical manufacturers have brought legal challenges to a provision of the 2022 Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) empowering the federal government to negotiate the prices Medicare pays for certain prescription medications. One key argument made in these filings is that price negotiation is a “taking” of property and violates the Takings Clause of the US Constitution. Through original case law and health policy analysis, we show that government price negotiation and even price regulation of goods and services, including patented goods, are constitutional under the Takings Clause. Finding that the IRA violates the Takings Clause would radically upend settled constitutional law and jeopardize the US’s most important state and federal health care programs.
Shaping Global Health Law through United Nations Governance: The UN High-Level Meeting on Pandemic Prevention, Preparedness and Response
Authors: Meier Benjamin Mason , Finch Alexandra , Schwalbe Nina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe United Nations (UN) General Assembly High-Level Meeting (HLM) on pandemic prevention, preparedness and response (PPPR) was a missed opportunity to bring high-level commitment and momentum to the global governance of health emergencies. Intended to bring much-needed attention to a policy issue that is rapidly slipping down the international agenda, the fraught diplomacy among member states, lack of consensus on key issues, and weak UN Political Declaration in New York foreshadow a difficult road ahead for upcoming negotiations under the World Health Organization (WHO) in Geneva. This column chronicles the evolving engagement of the UN in global health governance, examines the diplomatic process leading to the UN HLM on PPPR, and assesses the contributions and missed opportunities of its resulting Political Declaration.
Taking the Long Way Around: Towards A Depathologized Ethical Framework of Gender-Affirming Care for Trans Youth
Authors: Kariyawasam Navin , Rai Nanky 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolitical debate regarding trans youth’s access to gender-affirming care (GAC) has pushed many to advocate for GAC by pointing to tragic, pathological outcomes of non-treatment, namely suicide. However, these pathologized arguments are a harmful ethical “shortcut” which should be replaced by a meaningful engagement with the ethics of providing GAC to youth.
Cognition in trichotillomania: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ali Aliza , Ioannidis Konstantinos , Grant Jon E. , Chamberlain Samuel R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveTrichotillomania (TTM) is a mental health disorder characterized by repetitive urges to pull out one’s hair. Cognitive deficits have been reported in people with TTM compared to controls; however, the current literature is sparse and inconclusive about affected domains. We aimed to synthesize research on cognitive functioning in TTM and investigate which cognitive domains are impaired.MethodsAfter preregistration on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO), we conducted a comprehensive literature search for papers examining cognition in people with TTM versus controls using validated tests. A total of 793 papers were screened using preestablished inclusion/exclusion criteria, yielding 15 eligible studies. Random-effects meta-analysis was conducted for 12 cognitive domains.ResultsMeta-analysis demonstrated significant deficits in motor inhibition and extradimensional (ED) shifting in people with TTM versus controls as measured by the stop-signal task (SST) (Hedge’s g = 0.45, [CI: 0.14, 0.75], p = .004) and ED set-shift task (g = 0.38, [CI: 0.13, 0.62], p = .003), respectively. There were no significant between-group differences in the other cognitive domains tested: verbal learning, intradimensional (ID) shifting, road map spatial ability, pattern recognition, nonverbal memory, executive planning, spatial span length, Stroop inhibition, Wisconsin card sorting, and visuospatial functioning. Findings were not significantly moderated by study quality scores.ConclusionsMotor inhibition and ED set-shifting appear impaired in TTM. However, a cautious interpretation of results is necessary as samples were relatively small and frequently included comorbidities. Treatment interventions seeking to improve inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility merit exploration for TTM.
The association between dairy intake in adolescents on inflammation and risk markers of type 2 diabetes during young adulthood: results of the DONALD study
Authors: Hohoff Eva , Jankovic Nicole , Perrar Ines , Schnermann Maike , Herder Christian , Nöthlings Ute , Libuda Lars , Alexy Ute 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective:
The aim of this analysis was to investigate whether habitual intake of total dairy (TD) or different dairy types (liquid, solid, fermented, non-fermented, low-fat, high-fat, low-sugar and high-sugar dairy) during adolescence is associated with biomarkers of low-grade inflammation as well as risk factors of type 2 diabetes in young adulthood.

Design:
Multivariable linear regression analyses were used to investigate prospective associations between estimated TD intake as well as intake of different types of dairy and a pro-inflammatory score, based on high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-18, leptin and adiponectin, and insulin resistance assessed as Homeostasis Model Assessment Insulin Resistance in an open-cohort study.

Setting:
Dortmund, Germany.

Participants:
Data from participants (n 375) of the DOrtmund Nutritional and Anthropometric Longitudinally Designed (DONALD) study were included, for whom at least two 3-d weighed dietary records during adolescence (median age: 11 years) and one blood sample in young adulthood (>18 years) were available.

Results:
There was no statistically significant association between TD intake or intake of any dairy type and the pro-inflammatory score (all P > 0·05). TD intake as well as each dairy type intake and insulin resistance also showed no association (all P > 0·05).

Conclusions:
The habitual intake of dairy or individual types of dairy during adolescence does not seem to have a major impact on low-grade systemic inflammation and insulin resistance in the long term. There was no indication regarding a restriction of dairy intake for healthy children and adolescents in terms of diabetes risk reduction.
Dynamics and Controls of Methane Oxidation in the Aerobic Waters of Eastern China Marginal Seas
Authors: Liu Qiao , Du Guanxiang , Li Xiao‐Jun , Liu Jiarui , Meng Ni , Li Chun‐Yang , Liu Xiting , Zhang Guiling , Yang Gui‐Peng , Joye Samantha , Zhuang Guang‐Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAerobic methane oxidation (MOx) mediated by methanotrophs is a crucial mechanism in controlling methane emissions from the surface ocean to the atmosphere. Coastal waters dominate global oceanic methane emissions, but the dynamics, controls and roles of MOx remain largely unconstrained in the marginal seas around China. Here, we conducted a variety of biogeochemical analyses to investigate the controls of methane cycling and the dynamics of methanotrophic activity in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. Methane was supersaturated in the surface seawater and the concentrations ranged from 2.8 to 19.8 nM. The distribution of methane was regulated by the sources and sinks, which were influenced largely by hydrological and biogeochemical factors. Methane was turned over rapidly with high rates (k: 5 × 10−4–0.04 d−1), indicating the enzymatic capability of methanotrophic biomass to metabolize methane. Rates of MOx varied significantly between sites (1 × 10−3–0.60 nM d−1) and relatively high MOx rates were observed in shallow waters. MOx exhibited the Michaelis‐Menten kinetics with the V
max of 0.30 nM d−1 and a K
m of 78.3 nM. Methanotrophic activity was impacted by environmental factors such as methane availability, nutrient levels, bacterial production and temperature. Nutrient addition experiments demonstrated that phosphate elevated MOx rates, while the activity was largely inhibited by ammonium probably due to competitive inhibition of the methane monooxygenase by ammonia. Comparing the depth‐integrated MOx rates with the air‐sea fluxes at selected sites showed that methane consumed through microbial oxidation accounted for up to 78.1% of the total methane loss (=sum of MOx rates and air‐sea flux), highlighting the role of MOx as a microbial filter for methane emissions.
TAB182 regulates glycolytic metabolism by controlling LDHA transcription to impact tumor radiosensitivity
Authors: Chen Shi , Xie Da-Fei , Li Saiyu , Luo Jinhua , Han Yang , Guo Hejiang , Gao Shuaining , Huang Xin , Guan Hua , Huang Ruixue , Zhou Ping-Kun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetabolic reprogramming, a hallmark of cancer, is closely associated with tumor development and progression. Changes in glycolysis play a crucial role in conferring radiation resistance to tumor cells. How radiation changes the glycolysis status of cancer cells is still unclear. Here we revealed the role of TAB182 in regulating glycolysis and lactate production in cellular response to ionizing radiation. Irradiation can significantly stimulate the production of TAB182 protein, and inhibiting TAB182 increases cellular radiosensitivity. Proteomic analysis indicated that TAB182 influences several vital biological processes, including multiple metabolic pathways. Knockdown of TAB182 results in decreased lactate production and increased pyruvate and ATP levels in cancer cells. Moreover, knocking down TAB182 reverses radiation-induced metabolic changes, such as radioresistant-related lactate production. TAB182 is necessary for activating LDHA transcription by affecting transcription factors SP1 and c-MYC; its knockdown attenuates the upregulation of LDHA by radiation, subsequently suppressing lactate production. Targeted suppression of TAB182 significantly enhances the sensitivity of murine xenograft tumors to radiotherapy. These findings advance our understanding of glycolytic metabolism regulation in response to ionizing radiation, which may offer significant implications for developing new strategies to overcome tumor radioresistance.
Stabilization of N6 and N8 anionic units and 2D polynitrogen layers in high-pressure scandium polynitrides
Authors: Aslandukov Andrey , Aslandukova Alena , Laniel Dominique , Khandarkhaeva Saiana , Yin Yuqing , Akbar Fariia I. , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Bright Eleanor Lawrence , Giacobbe Carlotta , Wright Jonathan , Comboni Davide , Hanfland Michael , Dubrovinskaia Natalia , Dubrovinsky Leonid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNitrogen catenation under high pressure leads to the formation of polynitrogen compounds with potentially unique properties. The exploration of the entire spectrum of poly- and oligo-nitrogen moieties is still in its earliest stages. Here, we report on four novel scandium nitrides, Sc2N6, Sc2N8, ScN5, and Sc4N3, synthesized by direct reaction between yttrium and nitrogen at 78-125 GPa and 2500 K in laser-heated diamond anvil cells. High-pressure synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction reveals that in the crystal structures of the nitrogen-rich Sc2N6, Sc2N8, and ScN5 phases nitrogen is catenated forming previously unknown N66− and N86− units and $${\!\,}_{\infty }{\!\,}^{2}({{{{{\rm{N}}}}}}_{5}^{3-})$$

∞

2

(

N

5

3
−

)

anionic corrugated 2D-polynitrogen layers consisting of fused N12 rings. Density functional theory calculations, confirming the dynamical stability of the synthesized compounds, show that Sc2N6 and Sc2N8 possess an anion-driven metallicity, while ScN5 is an indirect semiconductor. Sc2N6, Sc2N8, and ScN5 solids are promising high-energy-density materials with calculated volumetric energy density, detonation velocity, and detonation pressure higher than those of TNT.