bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Surgical Outcome by Interictal Epileptiform Abnormalities During Intracranial EEG Monitoring in Patients with Extrahippocampal Seizures
Authors: Bautista Ramon Edmundo D. , Cobbs Mark A. , Spencer Dennis D. , Spencer Susan S. 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: Ictal intracranial EEG recordings obtained during continuous preoperative monitoring are often used to localize the region of seizure onset for purposes of surgical resection in patients with extrahippocampal seizures. Whether interictal epileptiform abnormalities during long‐term monitoring can predict surgical outcome in this group is not established. Methods: Intracranial EEGs of patients who underwent extrahippocampal resective epilepsy surgery were reviewed for interictal epileptiform abnormalities before medication discontinuation or first seizure occurrence. Interictal abnormalities were categorized as within or beyond the confines of surgical resection. We correlated these findings with the region of seizure onset, the pathologic substrate, and surgical outcome (by using Engel criteria) at 1‐year minimum follow‐up. Results: Of 13 patients with interictal epileptiform abnormalities, six patients had interictal epileptiform discharges extending beyond the confines of surgical resection. These patients all had poor surgical outcome even if the region of electrographic seizure onset was resected. Seven patients had focal interictal epileptiform discharges, the entire extent of which were resected. All had good outcomes. All patients with structural lesions had focal interictal epileptiform abnormalities and good surgical outcomes. The spatial extent of interictal epileptiform discharges varied among patients with nonstructural lesions. However, those whose regions of interictal epileptiform abnormality were included in surgical resection also had good surgical outcome. Conclusions: The presence of interictal epileptiform discharges extending beyond the area of resection correlates with poor surgical outcome in patients with extrahippocampal epilepsy. In contrast, patients with focal interictal epileptiform discharges included in surgical resection have good surgical outcomes.
Seizure Frequency and Duration of Epilepsy are Not Risk Factors for Postoperative Seizure Outcome in Patients with Hippocampal Sclerosis
Authors: Kilpatrick Christine , Cook Mark , Matkovic Zelko , O'Brien Terence , Kaye Andrew , Murphy Michael 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: Despite accurate localization of the seizure focus, not all patients are seizure free after temporal lobectomy. This study determined risk factors for seizure recurrence in patients with proven hippocampal sclerosis. Methods: The outcome from surgery was assessed in 56 consecutive patients with proven hippocampal sclerosis. The age at surgery, duration of epilepsy, history and age of febrile seizures, age of onset of epilepsy, sex ratio, laterality of seizure focus, and seizure frequency were compared between patients seizure free and those not seizure free, and those seizure and aura free and those with seizure recurrence including auras. Results: During a mean follow‐up of 38 months, 48 (86%) of 56 are seizure free. The mean age at surgery (37 vs. 36 years), duration of epilepsy (26 vs. 22 years), age (1.6 vs. 1.1 years), and occurrence (58 vs. 75%) of febrile seizures, age of onset of epilepsy (11 vs. 14 years), sex ratio (50 vs. 75% female), laterality of seizure focus (42 vs. 50% left), greater than weekly seizures (40 vs. 38%), and a history of (69 vs. 75%) and frequency of (2.10 vs. 2.38 per year) secondarily generalized seizures did not differ significantly between the two groups. Similarly there was no significant difference between patients seizure and aura free and those with seizure recurrence including auras. Conclusions: Clinical factors such as seizure frequency and duration of epilepsy are not risk factors for postoperative seizure recurrence.
[18F]FDG‐PET and Whole‐Scalp MEG Localization of Epileptogenic Cortex
Authors: Lamusuo S. , Forss N. , Ruottinen H‐M. , Bergman J. , Mäkelä J. P. , Mervaala E. , Solin O. , Rinne J. K. , Ruotsalainen U. , Ylinen A. , Vapalahti M. , Hari R. , Rinne J. O. 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: To evaluate combined [18F]fluorodeoxy‐glucose (18F‐FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) and 122‐channel whole‐scalp magnetoencephalography (MEG) in lateralizing the epileptogenic cortex in patients whose routine presurgical evaluations gave discordant results about the location of the epileptic focus. Methods: Nine patients (five women, four men) aged 13–40 years were studied. Subdural EEG (SEEG) was recorded from eight patients. Six patients were operated on. Results: In seven of nine patients, PET and MEG agreed in localizing the epileptogenic cortex. When PET and MEG were in congruence, SEEG agreed with the findings. In five of six operated‐on patients, PET and MEG results were congruent, and the outcome of the operation was successful. Two patients had discordant PET and MEG results. In one patient, PET showed bitemporal hypometabolism, whereas MEG showed epileptiform activity in the right parietal lobe. The surgical outcome of the palliative temporal lobectomy was poor. Another patient had unilateral temporal hypometabolism in PET and bitemporal activity in MEG. She was not operated on. Conclusions: In most patients, PET and MEG were congruent in locating the epileptogenic cortex. Thus the combination of these techniques may provide useful support for the localization of the seizure onset and reduce the need for invasive procedures.
Safety and Tolerability of Gabapentin as Adjunctive Therapy in a Large, Multicenter Study
Authors: McLean Michael J. , Morrell Martha J. , Willmore L. James , Privitera Michael D. , Faught R. Edward , Holmes Gregory L. , Magnus‐Miller Leslie , Bernstein Paula , Rose‐Legatt Andrea 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: To evaluate the tolerability and safety of gabapentin (GBP) as add‐on therapy for seizure control. Methods: Conducted in an outpatient setting and reflecting usual practice, this study compared tolerability of GBP dosages ≤1,800 versus >1,800 mg/day, when these doses were required to achieve the most effective seizure control. Two analyses of adverse events are presented: tolerability and safety. In the tolerability analysis, each patient served as his or her own control to compare the occurrence of adverse events at GBP ≤1,800 versus >1,800 mg/day. The safety analysis required patients to receive at least one dose of GBP and have a follow‐up contact. Results: A total of 2,216 patients enrolled in this open‐label, 16‐week study and were evaluable for safety. Of these, 74.0% completed the 16‐week study, and 281 met the tolerability criteria. Within these 281 patients, two mutually exclusive groups were compared (a) those reporting adverse events at only≤1,800 mg/day (low dose); and (b) those reporting adverse events at only >1,800 mg/day (high dose). Three adverse events (asthenia, headache, and dizziness) were observed in a statistically significantly larger number of patients at only the low dose than in the group reporting these same adverse events at only the high dose, suggesting that patients who tolerated GBP at ≤1,800 mg/day did not experience a significant increase in adverse events with dosages >1,800 mg/day. Overall, 10.6% of the 2,216 patients in the safety population prematurely withdrew because of adverse events, and 3.5% discontinued because of lack of efficacy. Safety and tolerability of GBP was rated as excellent or good for 78.5% of all patients. Conclusions: Gabapentin doses >1,800 mg/day were as well tolerated as doses ≤1,800 mg/day and were not associated with more adverse events.
Lamotrigine‐Associated Rash: Risk/Benefit Considerations in Adults and Children
Authors: Guberman Alan H. , Besag Frank M. C. , Brodie Martin J. , Dooley Joseph M. , Duchowny Michael S. , Pellock John M. , Richens Alan , Stern Robert S. , Trevathan Edwin 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: Lamotrigine (LTG) is an antiepileptic drug (AED) recently released in several countries. It is effective for a variety of seizure types in adults and children both as an add‐on agent and in monotherapy, and is generally well tolerated. This report reviews the apparent risk factors for rash associated with LTG to determine whether and how the risk of serious rash can be minimized in practice. Methods: The panel of experts reviewed all published and unpublished data related to the incidence and risk factors for serious rash with LTG. Results: An allergic skin reaction occurs in ∼10% of patients, usually in the first 8 weeks. Rashes leading to hospitalization, including Stevens—Johnson syndrome and hypersensitivity syndrome, occurred in approximately one of 300 adults and one of 100 children in clinical trials and appeared to be increased with overrapid titration when starting therapy and with concurrent valproate (VPA). Conclusions: Recommendations are made for both minimizing the likelihood of serious rash and for management of rash in patients taking LTG. Risk of serious rash may possibly be lessened by strict adherence to manufacturer's dosing guidelines, particularly in patients who are at higher risk: those on concurrent VPA and in the pediatric population.
Prevalence of Childhood Epilepsy in Estonia
Authors: Beilmann A. , Napa A. , Sööt A. , Talvik I. , Talvik T. 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: To establish the prevalence rate (PR) and main characteristics of childhood epilepsy in Estonia. Methods: We performed a population‐based case ascertainment of all the possible sources of medical care in seven counties of Estonia from January 1995 to December 1997. Only cases of patients from 1 month to 19 years of age with active epilepsy (i.e., at least one seizure during the last 5 years, regardless of treatment) were included. All patients were examined by a pediatric neurologist. Results: Five hundred sixty cases met the study criteria on the prevalence day, December 31, 1997. The total PR was 3.6 per 1,000 population (boy/girl ratio, 1.2:1.0). The PR was the highest—4.3 per 1,000—in the 5‐to‐9‐year‐old age group. The prevalence declined markedly in children age 14 years and on. The correlation between age and PR was negative (‐0.542, p < 0.0001) by regression analyses. The most frequent seizure types in the total group were primarily generalized seizures— PR 2.1/1,000 [rate ratio (RR) 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2, 1.6]. The predominance of generalized seizures was significant in those younger than 10 years. In 14.8% of cases, there was a history of epilepsy among first‐ and second‐degree relatives. Benign rolandic epilepsy—PR 0.2/1,000—was the most frequent among idiopathic syndromes, and Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome—PR 0.08/1,000—was the most frequent among cryptogenic ones. Perinatal factors—PR 0.8/1,000 were the most frequently found cause of epilepsy. In 304 cases (54.2%), additional medical problems existed. Conclusions: The prevalence of childhood epilepsy was comparable with that found in developed countries. Generalized seizures predominated, and the main cause was perinatal factors.
Fatal Liver Failure Associated with Valproate Therapy in a Patient with Friedreich's Disease: Review of Valproate Hepatotoxicity in Adults
Authors: König S. A. , Schenk M. , Sick C. , Holm E. , Heubner C. , Weiss A. , König I. , Hehlmann R. 
Published: October 2006

Summary: Purpose: Valpróate (VPA)‐associated hepatotoxicity is usually considered a problem of young children with polytherapy, mental retardation, and underlying metabolic defects. Methods: An adult patient with fatal liver failure during treatment with VPA is presented, and a review of the literature on other adult patients is given. Results: A 29‐year‐old female patient with Friedreich's ataxia and partial seizures with acute liver failure during VPA treatment is reported. The first symptoms of liver failure (i.e., apathy during febrile upper airway infection) occurred 2 months after starting VPA therapy. VPA was discontinued 10 days later on hospital admission, when she had hepatic encephalopathy and severe bleeding diathesis. The patient died of severe liver failure and bronchopneumonia after 4 weeks of supportive treatment. Conclusions: Twenty‐six adult patients (>17 years) with VPA‐associated fatal hepatotoxicity have been reported in the literature. Of the 26 adult patients, three were receiving VPA monotherapy. The age ranged between 17 and 62 years. The duration of VPA treatment before the first symptom varied between 7 days and 6 years. Twelve of the 26 affected adults had no underlying disease or a clearly nonmetabolic and non‐hepatic disease. Therefore VPA‐associated severe side effects also must be considered in adult patients without any evidence of a metabolic defect or underlying neurologic disease.
ORGANIC ‐ INORGANIC INTERACTIONS IN OILFIELD SANDSTONES: EXAMPLES FROM TURBIDITE RESERVOIRS IN THE CAMPOS BASIN, OFFSHORE EASTERN BRAZIL
Authors: Prochnow E.A. , Remus M.V. D. , Ketzer J. M. , Gouvea J. C. R. , Schiffer de Souza R. , De Ros L. F. 
Published: October 2006

Turbidite sandstone reservoir rocks in the Campos Basin, offshore eastern Brazil, show evidence of a number of interactions among organic and mineral phases during diagenesis. These include extensive dissolution of plagioclase, precipitation of kaolinite into intergranular and intragranular pores, dissolution of carbonate cements and grains, as well as selective deposition of organic films on kaolinite aggregates, dissolved plagioclase and carbonate grains. These processes are connected with the biodegradation of hydrocarbons within the reservoir, related to the influx of meteoric fluids possibly during sea‐level lowstands, through major stratigraphic sequence boundaries and large‐scale faults. Oil biodegradation generated organic solvents responsible for mineral alteration, as well as heavy oils rich in asphaltenes. The action of organic solvents in the reservoirs is indicated by the extensive dissolution of feldspars, quartz, garnets and kaolinite, and the negative mass balance between dissolved feldspar and precipitated kaolinite, indicating aluminum mobilization. Asphaltene films and coatings may affect the wettability of the reservoir rocks and the evaluation of hydrocarbon saturation in the reservoirs by resistivity logs.These various inorganic and organic processes are apparently interrelated in the diagenesis of the Campos Basin turbidite reservoir sandstones. These interactions should be considered in future models of the basin and its petroleum system, as well as for the creation of geochemical models capable of predicting the quality of the reservoirs and the occurrence of degraded heavy oils.
THE ORIGIN OF DOLOMITE IN THE ASMARI FORMATION (OLIGOCENE‐LOWER MIOCENE), DEZFUL EMBAYMENT, SW IRAN
Authors: Aqrawi A.A.M. , Keramati M. , Ehrenberg S. N. , Pickard N. , Moallemi A. , Svånå T. , Darke G. , Dickson J.A.D. , Oxtoby N.H. 
Published: October 2006

Dolomitisation is an important factor controlling reservoir quality in the Asmari Formation in many producing fields in SW Iran. Dolostones have higher average porosities than limestones. Petrographic and geochemical studies have been used to determine the causes of Asmari dolomitisation at the Bibi Hakimeh and Marun fields and at the Khaviz anticline. The formation is generally characterized by a large‐scale trend of upward‐decreasing accommodation. Basal strata were deposited under relatively open‐marine, high‐energy conditions, whereas the Middle to Upper Asmari succession was deposited in relatively protected settings with more frequent evidence of exposure and evaporitic conditions. There is a general upward increase in the abundance of both anhydrite (occurring as nodules and cement) and dolomite.Two main types of dolomite fabric are recognised, reflecting the textures of the precursor limestones: (1) finely crystalline pervasive dolomite (commonly <20μ) replacing mud‐rich facies; and (2) combinations of finely crystalline replacive dolomite and surrounding areas of coarser dolomite cement (crystals up to 100μ) in grain‐supported facies. Fluid inclusion data indicate that finely crystalline dolomites formed at low temperatures (ca. <50°C), while the coarser dolomite formed at higher temperatures (50–;140°C).Whole rock‐carbonate oxygen and carbon isotope analyses of pure dolostone samples show no apparent correlation with either depositional or diagenetic textures: δ18O is generally 0 to 2.7‰ PDB, and δ13C is −1 to 4‰ PDB. The importance of evaporated seawater to Asmari dolomitisation is indicated by the ubiquitous occurrence of felty‐textured anhydrite nodules in dolostone beds and the presence of high‐salinity fluid inclusions in dolomite. The derivation of dolomitising fluids from contemporaneous seawater is supported by the general correspondence between age estimates derived from the strontium isotope composition of anhydrites and dolomites and those derived from stratigraphic considerations. This suggested synsedimentary dolomitisation.Dolomitisation of the upper half of the Asmari Formation may have occurred as a result of two syn‐sedimentary mechanisms: (1) by the reflux of evaporative brines concentrated in shallow lagoons or sabkhas, through immediately underlying strata (mainly during highstands); and (2) by the flushing of platform‐top carbonates by basinal evaporated waters during lowstand/early transgression. Continued dolomitisation during deeper burial is supported by the presence of high‐temperature fluid inclusions and iron‐rich crystal rims. Dolomite within the lower part of the Asmari Formation probably mostly formed during burial as a result of compaction of, and fluid exclusion from, the underlying Pabdeh marls and shales.
Accounting for regional niche variation in habitat suitability models
Authors: Murphy Helen T. , Lovett‐Doust Jon 
Published: October 2006

Ecological niche modeling has become an increasingly important tool to address issues in many fields of basic and applied ecology. The ecological niche space occupied across the geographic range, particularly for wide‐ranging species, may vary for a variety of evolutionary and non‐evolutionary reasons. However, ecological niche models are often applied over large geographic areas without regard for the potential effects of regional variation in adaptation, environmental conditions and their interactions, and species responses, thus significantly reducing their accuracy and utility. We develop regionally partitioned ecological niche models, using GARP, for the wide‐ranging North American tree Gleditsia triacanthos (Fabaceae). Models were constructed based on known tree occurrences at peripheral and range‐centre locations, as well as across the geographic range as a whole.Our results suggest that the niche space occupied by G. triacanthos varies regionally and that between some regions in particular there may be a complete absence of niche overlap. In particular, while there is some overlap between the niche space occupied by trees in the western and central regions of the range, there appears to be virtually no overlap in the niche space occupied by trees in the south of the range and that occupied by western and central trees. This lack of overlap appears to be driven primarily by regional differences in abiotic conditions, rather than regional adaptation per se. The results of our study have several important implications for the future development of habitat suitability models over large geographic areas. Spatial partitioning of data is clearly necessary to improve predictions of models where regional niche variation occurs. For wide‐ranging species in particular, regional differences in ecological characteristics may cause apparent niche variation.
Pleiotropic Role of Quorum-Sensing Autoinducer 2 inPhotorhabdus luminescens
Authors: Krin Evelyne , Chakroun Nesrine , Turlin Evelyne , Givaudan Alain , Gaboriau François , Bonne Isabelle , Rousselle Jean-Claude , Frangeul Lionel , Lacroix Céline , Hullo Marie-Françoise , Marisa Laetitia , Danchin Antoine , Derzelle Sylviane 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBacterial virulence is an integrative process that may involve quorum sensing. In this work, we compared by global expression profiling the wild-type entomopathogenicPhotorhabdus luminescenssubsp.laumondiiTT01 to aluxS-deficient mutant unable to synthesize the type 2 quorum-sensing inducer AI-2. AI-2 was shown to regulate more than 300 targets involved in most compartments and metabolic pathways of the cell. AI-2 is located high in the hierarchy, as it controls the expression of several transcriptional regulators. The regulatory effect of AI-2 appeared to be dose dependent. TheluxS-deficient strain exhibited decreased biofilm formation and increased type IV/V pilus-dependent twitching motility. AI-2 activated its own synthesis and transport. It also modulated bioluminescence by regulating the synthesis of spermidine. AI-2 was further shown to increase oxidative stress resistance, which is necessary to overcome part of the innate immune response of the host insect involving reactive oxygen species. Finally, we showed that theluxS-deficient strain had attenuated virulence against the lepidopteranSpodoptera littoralis. We concluded that AI-2 is involved mainly in early steps of insect invasion inP. luminescens.
Whole-Genome Reciprocal BLAST Analysis Reveals that
Planctomycetes
Do Not Share an Unusually Large Number of Genes with
Eukarya
and
Archaea
Authors: Fuchsman Clara A. , Rocap Gabrielle 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

The genome sequences of
Rhodopirellula baltica
, formerly
Pirellula
sp. strain 1,
Blastopirellula marina
,
Gemmata obscuriglobus
, and
Kuenenia stuttgartiensis
were used in a series of pairwise reciprocal best-hit analyses to evaluate the contested evolutionary position of
Planctomycetes
. Contrary to previous reports which suggested that
R. baltica
had a high percentage of genes with closest matches to
Archaea
and
Eukarya
, we show here that these
Planctomycetes
do not share an unusually large number of genes with the
Archaea
or
Eukarya
, compared with other
Bacteria
. Thus, best-hit analyses may assign phylogenetic affinities incorrectly if close relatives are absent from the sequence database.
Introducing SONS, a Tool for Operational Taxonomic Unit-Based Comparisons of Microbial Community Memberships and Structures
Authors: Schloss Patrick D. , Handelsman Jo 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT
The recent advent of tools enabling statistical inferences to be drawn from comparisons of microbial communities has enabled the focus of microbial ecology to move from characterizing biodiversity to describing the distribution of that biodiversity. Although statistical tools have been developed to compare community structures across a phylogenetic tree, we lack tools to compare the memberships and structures of two communities at a particular operational taxonomic unit (OTU) definition. Furthermore, current tests of community structure do not indicate the similarity of the communities but only report the probability of a statistical hypothesis. Here we present a computer program, SONS, which implements nonparametric estimators for the fraction and richness of OTUs shared between two communities.