bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tissue Lipid Content and Fatty Acid Composition of Penaeus monodon Fabricius Broodstock from the Wild
Authors: Millamena Oseni M. , Pascual Felicitas P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTissues (hepatopancreas, muscle, gonad) of wild Penacus mordon females with ovaries in different stages of development and males were analyzed for Upid content and fatty acid composition. Hepatopancreatic tissue had the highest mean levels of lipid at 15.72–25.20% in females and averaged 46.20 ± 1.53% in males. Levels of Lipid in the muscle were low with no marked variation throughout the maturation s‐es. Ovarian lipid levels increased significantly at stage II (early maturing ovaries) and remained high through stage IV (fully mature ovaries). Peak lipid level was found at stage III (late maturing ovaries) and coincided with a decline in hepatopancreas lipid. Ovarian and hepatopancreatic lipids declined drastically in spent females. Profiles of fatty acid in the tissues consistently showed the presence of PUFA 204n‐6, 20:5n‐3 and 22611‐3, with high levels in the polar lipid fraction of vitellogenic ovaries. These values were reflected in the male testis and spawned eggs. The finding suggest storage and utilization of lipids for maturation and spawning processes and that the phospholipids were mainly responsible for increases in ovarian lipids. The type of fatty acids present in maturing prawn ovaries is indicative of their importance in reproductive physiology.
Kemp's Ridley Sea Turtle Waste Characterization Study: Precursor to a Recirculating Holding System Design
Authors: Malone Ronald F. , Rusch Kelly A. , Burden Daniel G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe decreasing population of the endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempi) has necessitated research into more cost effective captive nurseries. Captive nurseries are an attempt to increase the survival of the Kemp's ridley past the first year of life. Presently, Kemp's ridleys are reared in captivity at the Headstart rearing facility in Galveston, Texas. This facility consists of a labor intensive, flow‐through system. Alternatively, recirculating systems permit development of inshore facilities with decreased labor and operating costs. This paper presents baseline excretion data necessary for designing filtration units required for water quality maintenance in recirculating holding systems. The total ammonia nitrogen excretion rate based on a 24 hour isolation period (fed) was fairly constant at 0.19 mg N/g‐turtle‐day, while the BOD5 loading rate was highly variable, averaging nearly 0.50 mg O2/g‐turt1e‐day. In addition, comparisons of filtered versus nonfiltered samples suggest that a suspended solids removal mechanism prior to the filtration unit would dramatically decrease BOD5 and, thus, improve filter efficiency and increase its capacity.
Effects of Size and Age of Juvenile Freshwater Prawns Macrobrachium rosenbergii at Stocking on Population Structure and Production in Polyculture Ponds
Authors: Hulata Gideon , Karplus Ilan , Wohlfarth Giora W. , Halevy Amir 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEffects of size and age of juvenile freshwater prawns on their growth in polyculture ponds were investigated. Post‐larvae were nursed at two commercial nurseries, during either 66 or 129 days, to final mean weights of about 0.25 and 0.5 g, for each age group. Nursed prawns were stocked in ponds at a density of 2/m2 and polycultured with carps and tilapias for 148 days.No significant effect of age or size, or their interaction, was detected in mean harvest weight and gross income, although small age effect was noted in survival and total yield.
Preliminary Evaluation of Production Systems and Forages for Culture of Orconectes virilis, the Northern or Fantail Crayfish
Authors: Brown Paul B. , Hooe Michael L. , Blythe William G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCulture potential of Orconectes virilis, the northern or fantail crayfish, was evaluated in deep ponds and simulated shallow ponds during the summer and fall. Adult crayfish were stocked in the deep ponds in October and known numbers of juvenile crayfish were stocked in the shallow ponds in May. Triplicate groups of crayfish in each system were either not fed (negative control) or fed corn silage or wheat straw. Production in either system was not significantly different between treatments, but production in the shallow tanks (790 kg/ha) was almost double that observed in the deep ponds (401 kg/ha) and may have been due to different stocking strategies. Juvenile crayfish were generally of minimal marketable size at the end of one growing season. The shallow tanks were restocked in October and drained in March to evaluate overwinter survival in this type of system. Survival averaged 78.9% for both males and females, and most (97.1%) age 1 females were carrying eggs.
The Introduced Fish Problem and the Aquarium Fish Industry
Authors: Courtenay Walter R. , Stauffer Jay R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOf the 46 species of foreign fishes known to be established as reproducing populations in open waters of the contiguous United States, approximately 65% are known or presumed to have originated from the aquarium fish trade. Many escaped or were released from aquarium fish culture facilities and some were introduced by aquarists. More than 50 additional, non‐established fishes, mostly aquarium species, have been collected in the wild. These introductions, with established populations, have not been restricted to the so‐called Sun Belt states, but have occurred throughout the U.S.Because many introductions have resulted in serious negative impcts to native fishes, and most have the potential to do so, it is imperative that the aquarium fish industry and trade take measures to curtail such releases. The means of accomplishing this goal are relatively inexpensive. Industry must assist in public education to reduce introductions by aquarists.
The Effect of Different Dietary Energy Levels on Growth and Survival of Eyestalk Ablated and Intact Juvenile Lobsters Homarus americanus
Authors: Koshio Shunsuke , O'Dor Ron K. , Castell John D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWhen fed formulated diets containing 45% protein derived from the rock crab Cancer irroratus, wheat gluten, gelatin, lipids adjusted from 3–14% and carbohydrates adjusted from 5–24%, the average survival of bilaterally eyestalk ablated juvenile lobsters and intact controls were 91% and 99%, respectively over a 90‐day experiment. Photopenad (13 light: 11 dark vs 3 light: 21 dark) did not have a significant effect on growth or survival of ablated or intact lobsters. The optimal digestible energy levels and protein/energy ratio for the greatest growth in both ablated and intact lobsters were 3.7 to 3.8 (kcal/g dry) and 0.12 [g protein/(kcal/g)], respectively. The best feed conversion ratios (0.97 and 1.40 diet given/weight gain) for ablated and intact lobsters were obtained with diets containing 3.83 kcal/g and 3.63 kcal/g diet, respectively. The present study also demonstrated that crab protein served as a good protein source for intact and ablated lobsters.
Bioencapsulation of Therapeutic Quantities of the Antibacterial Romet‐30 in Nauplii of the Brine Shrimp Artemia and in the Nematode Panagrellus redivivus
Authors: Mohney Leone L. , Lightner Donald V. , Williams Rodney R. , Bauerlein Michael 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNauplii of the brine shrimp, Artemia, and cultures of the soil nematode, Panagrellus redivivus, were fed a suspension of the water‐insoluble antibacterial Romet‐30 (sulfadimethoxine plus ormetoprim) to determine if they could be used as a mechanism for delivery of the drug to larval penaeid shrimp.Romet‐30 was added to groups of brine shrimp nauplii and nematodes in 1 L beakers to achieve a concentration of 3 mg of drug per ml of seawater. After a 4 h uptake period, predetermined numbers of organisms were assayed for antibiotic content using the micro‐plate diffusion method and a Romet‐30 sensitive strain of Vibrio alginolyticus as the indicator. The resulting zones of inhibition were compared to that of a standard Kirby‐Bauer sensitivity disc containing 25 μg of the drug that was placed on each plate as standard control. Negative controls consisted of equal numbers of nauplii and nematodes that were not exposed to the antibiotic. Artemia nauplii and nematodes accumulated approximately 0.1 μg of the drug per nauplius and approximately 0.25 μg per nematode. They exhibited no signs of toxicity from exposure to the drug and contained the antibiotic in sufficient quantity to provide a theoretical therapeutic dose of the drug when fed to penaeid larvae.In subsequent tests, normal and diseased larval Penaeus stylirostris readily accepted Romet‐30 enriched Artemia. Diseased larvae fed the drug in this manner exhibited a statistically greater overall survival and a greater survival to the post‐larval stage by Student's t‐test at the 5% significance level.
Preliminary Investigations into the Socio‐Economic Feasibility of Saltwater Cage Culture of Florida Red Tilapia in Haiti
Authors: Brass Jane L. , Rust Michael B. , Olla Bori L. , Wicklund Robert I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to investigate the socio‐economic feasibility of saltwater cage culture of Florida red tilapia as a new production activity in Haiti. Market outlets and potential prices for saltwater‐reared red tilapia in Haiti were examined. Availability and prices of inputs to production were considered. Although this information was collected in the context of Haiti, it is relevant to other developing countries when assessing the potential for a mariculture industry.Two types of market outlets for saltwater‐reared red tilapia were found to exist in Haiti. The predominant rural market sector treated red tilapia as a low‐value species and paid an average price ($0.90/kg roundweight) similar to that for freshwater black tilapia. Urban specialty markets treated red tilapia as a premium quality fish and paid an average price ($2.20/kg cleaned) equal to that for snapper and grouper.Comparison of production costs to potential market prices indicates that saltwater cage culture of tilapia is not economically feasible on an artisanal scale and is a high financial risk on a commercial scale. Break‐even prices are higher than prices in the large rural market sector. No data exists to indicate sufficient demand in the smaller urban specialty market sector or export markets.
Use of Dietary Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nitrogen by Lake Trout
Authors: Rumsey Gary L. , Hughes Steven G. , Kinsella John L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn a 12 week experiment, lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) were fed diets in which 50% of the nitrogen was provided by one of six preparations of Saccharomyces yeast. Fish fed baker's yeast with disrupted cell walls grew at a rate equal to that of fish fed the control diet and faster than fish fed intact yeast cells. Fish fed a diet containing disrupted yeast cells previously washed in a saline solution did not perform as well. The results of this study indicated that it may be possible to use more than 50% yeast in the diets of salmonid fishes.
An Econometric Estimation of Market Growth for the U.S. Processed Catfish Industry
Authors: Zidack Walter , Hatch Upton 
Published: April 2007

AbstractInadequate information pertaining to the growth potential of the US. processed catfish industry has been a major factor leading to cyclical periods of excess supply or demand resulting in misal‐location of resources and price instability. Better information for industry planners (e.g., producers, processors, government regulatory agencies, and university researchers) on future sales potential would assist in decreasing the misuse of resources. An econometric model of wholesale demand for US. processed catfish was developed to provide estimates of future sales under various scenarios. In addition to the standard variables included in models of demand for food items—price, income, and population—the effects of product life cycle and industry‐sponsored generic advertising are quantitatively incorporated. Seasonality of demand and rigidities in marketing and consumer behavior are additional considerations explicitly modeled via monthly dummy variables and a Ner‐lovian partial adjustment mechanism, respectively.Model results indicate the impact of alternative future price scenarios on wholesale processed caffish sales. At the mean real wholesale price of $1.60 (December 1988 dollars) for whole‐dressed caffish and a real generic advertising expenditure of one million dollars postulated for 1995, projected aggregate sales are 219.2 million pounds, a 23% increase over 1989 sales. Projected 1995 wholesale sales are very sensitive to price with alternative price postulations of $1.40 and $1.80 resulting in projected sales of 252.3 and 193.6 million processed pounds, respectively. An estimated 7% average increase in wholesale sales of catfish was attributed to the industry‐sponsored generic advertising campaign. Model projection estimates and impacts are posed as a quantitative source of information to be used with other information in resource allocation issues faced by industry decision makers.
Effects of Diffused Aeration and Stocking Density on Growth, Feed Conversion, and Production of Florida Red Tilapia in Cages
Authors: Hargreaves John A. , Kakocy James E. , Bailey Donald S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effects of four levels of diffused aeration (0, 6, 12, and 24 hours/day) and two stocking densities (400 and 600 fish/m3) on the culture performance of caged Florida red tilapia were evaluated in 1 m3 cages in a 2 ha watershed pond on St. Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. Fish obtained a nutritionally‐complete (36% protein), floating feed from demand feeders for 143 to 146 days. Diffused aeration had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on fish growth, survival, feed conversion, and production in cages. Combined across all levels of diffused aeration, fish stocked at 400/cage had a greater growth rate (2.21 vs. 1.97 g/day), larger final body weight (370 vs. 335 g), and a lower feed conversion ratio (1.69 vs. 1.80) than fish stocked at 600/cage (P < 0.05). The final biomass of fish stocked at the higher density (181 kg/m3) was greater than at the lower density (140 kg/m3). The enhancement of water exchange rates by diffused aeration did not increase tilapia growth rate or production in cages.
Lethal Effect of Nitrite on Metapenaeus ensis Larvae
Authors: Chen Jiann‐Chu , Nan Fan‐Hua 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Metupenaeus ensis larvae at different stages were exposed to a series of nitrite‐N (nitrite as nitrogen) concentrations in static renewal toxicity tests. Larvae at zoea stage were the most susceptible, and postlarvae were the most tolerant to nitrite among the larvae tested. The 24 h LC50s were 31.29, 16.05, 47.60 and 70.06 mg/L nitrite‐N for third nauplius substage (N3). second zoea substage (Z2), second mysis stage (M2), and first postlarva substage (PL1), respectively, in 33 ppt seawater at a pH of 8.20 and a water temperature of 30 C. The 48 h LC50 for M2 and PL1 were 20.67 and 27.10 mg/L nitrite‐N, respectively. The “threshold time” was 108 h, and the “incipient LC50” for M. ensis PL1 was 7.06 mg/L nitrite‐N. A “safe level” for rearing M. ensis larvae was estimated to be 0.71 mg/L nitrite‐N in the hatchery.
Water Quality and Microbial Dynamics in Shrimp Ponds Receiving Bagasse‐Based Feed
Authors: Visscher Pieter T. , Duerr Eirik O. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPond water quality and associated microbial biomass were studied in relation to the type of feed applied during the culture of the marine shrimp Penaeus vannamei. The feeds tested included conventional feedlot manure as well as two feeds based on bagasse, a sugarcane waste product. Physical and chemical parameters were studied during a 100 day trial in 200 m2 earthen ponds. Both bagasse‐based feeds supported a significantly larger microbial community as measured by specific biomass numbers (P < 0.01), ATP content (P < 0.001) and amount of the particulate organic matter present on pond bottoms (P < 0.025). For both bagasse‐based treatments, the estimated bacterial cell number in the flocculent layer was 3.11 ± 1012/m2, compared to the much lower cell number of 7.53 ± 1010/m2 for control ponds. Harvest data suggest that bagasse forms a potential base for feeds when applied to extensive shrimp cultures.
Production Characteristics of PanSize Channel Catfish in Cages and Open Ponds1
Authors: Davis Scott A. , Schwedler Thomas E. , Tomasso Joseph R. , Collier John A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractProduction characteristics of pan‐size (approximately 227 g) channel catfish (Ictalurus puncturus) were determined in cages and open ponds stocked with fingerlings to densities of 20,000 and 12,500 fish/ha. After 145 days, mean fish weight in all treatments exceeded 227 g. Mean survival was similar in all treatments. Food conversion ratios were significantly better in ponds than in cages but density did not affect the ratios. Neither density nor production system affected production (as measured by total weight produced) when initial density differences were considered (analysis of covariance). Variability in total length at harvest was similar between production systems; however, low density treatments were less variable than high density treatments. Results of this study indicate that pan‐size channel catfish can be cultured efficiently at stocking densities well above the 12,500 fish/ha (5,000 fishlacre) generally used when culturing fish to larger sizes.
Effects of Dietary Magnesium on Growth and Tissue Magnesium Content of Blue Tilapia Oreochromis aureus
Authors: Reigh Robert C. , Robinson Edwin H. , Brown Paul B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractJuvenile blue tilapia Oreochrornis aureus (mean weight 0.5 ± 0.05 g) were stocked into 38 liter glass aquaria receiving Row‐through well water containing 0.1 mg magnesium/L and fed semipurified, casein‐based diets containing graded levels of magnesium (0.003, 0.008, 0.023, 0.037, 0.050 and 0.065% magnesium, dry weight). Magnesium supplements were provided as anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4). No treatment‐related mortalities occurred and no visible magnesium deficiency symptoms were observed in any treatment group during the 18 week experimental period. Magnesium concentrations in scale and bone of tilapia fed diets containing 0.023 to 0.065% magnesium were greater (P < 0.05) than in fish fed diets containing 0.003 to 0.008%. Scale and bone magnesium concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) among fish that received dietary magnesium levels of 0.023% or greater. The magnesium content of muscle was higher (P < 0.05) in fish fed 0.037 to 0.065% magnesium than in those fed 0.003 to 0.008% magnesium. Muscle magnesium concentrations did not differ (P > 0.05) among fish that received 0.037% or more dietary magnesium. Adequate weight gain and superior feed efficiency occurred in fish fed 0.05 to 0.065% magnesium. Results indicated that diets for O. aureus should contain at least 0.05% magnesium (500 mg Mg/kg dry diet) for optimum growth and normal tissue mineralization.
Effect of Source and Dietary Concentration of Ascorbic Acid on Tissue Concentrations of Ascorbic Acid in Channel Catfish
Authors: El Naggar Gamal O. , Bvell Richard T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSemipurified diets containing either no ascorbic acid or supplemental amounts of 11, 22, 44 and 132 mg/kg from Gascorbic acid (AA), L‐ascorbyl‐2‐monophosphate (AAP) or L‐ascorbyl‐2‐sulfate (AAS) were fed to channel catfish fingerlings (13 ± 2.1 g average initial weight) in aquaria. After a feeding period of 14 wk, weight gain was measured and ascorbic acid content of liver and anterior kidney of the fish was determined. Growth was normal for fish fed all dietary levels of AA and AAP, but lower in fish fed the control and diets supplemented with all levels of AAS; however, growth improved as the concentration of AAS increased. Liver and kidney ascorbic acid increased with level of dietary supplementation in fish fed AA and AAP but only traces or no detectable levels were found in the tissues of fish fed AAS or the controls. Liver and kidney levels of ascorbic acid were significantly higher in fish fed AAP than in fish fed corresponding levels of ascorbic acid from AA. Regression of liver ascorbic acid content on diet concentration indicated that the potency of AAP for maintaining liver storage of ascorbic acid at a minimum acceptable level is 1.74 times higher than that of AA on an ascorbic acid equivalent basis. These results demonstrate that AAP and AA have similar vitamin activity for growth in channel catfish, but AAP is markedly more effective for maintaining tissue levels of ascorbic acid, and that AAS has limited vitamin activity for growth and its contribution to the tissue ascorbic acid pool is negligible.
Geosmin Production by Cyanobacteria (Blue‐green Algae) in Fish Ponds at Auburn, Alabama
Authors: van der Ploeg Martine , Boyd Claude E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractStudies on production of geosmin, the compound responsible for earthy‐muddy flavor in water and fish, were carried out at the Auburn University Fisheries Research Station. Water was collected from ponds during 44 cyanobacterial bloom periods from April to September. Geosmin (trans‐1, 10‐dimethyl‐trans‐9‐decalol) was detected at levels averaging 4.77 μg/L when Anabaena species with straight trichomes were predominant. Lower geosmin concentrations were associated with blooms of Anabaena species with coiled trichomes, Microcystis aeruginosa, and Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae, and averaged 0.24, 0.12, and 0.07 μg/L, respectively. Study of four Anabaena blooms over a period of 4–8 weeks showed that changes in geosmin were correlated significantly with changes in trichome abundance. Geosmin disappeared from the water in seven days when Anabaena died. Comparison of geosmin concentrations in raw and filtered water showed that, on average, 90% of the geosmin could be associated with the particulate fraction. Dissolved geosmin concentrations ranged from 0.07–0.85 μg/L.
Increasing Yields of Channel Catfish Using a Combination of Cage and Open Pond Production Systems1
Authors: Terhune Jeffery s. , Tomasso Joseph R. , Schwedler Thomas E. , Collier John A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractChannel catfish (lctalurus punctatus) fingerlings stocked at a rate of 450 fish/0.04 ha pond were simultaneously cultured with fingerlings stocked in 1.25 m3 cages (0, 250, 350, or 450 fishlcage; one cage/pond). The fish in the cages were cultured and harvested for a 90–330 g (whole fish) market. The fish in the open ponds were cultured and harvested for a 490–1,140 g market. Harvest weights of open pond fish in all treatments were similar indicating that the presence of the caged fish and the associated higher daily pond feeding rates did not affect open pond production. Ninety‐five to 99% of the caged fish and 96 to 98% of the open pond fish were of marketable size at harvest. Survival and food conversion ratios were similar among treatments. Results of this study indicate that total pond production can be increased (in this case up to 19%) by using a combination of open pond and cage techniques and by simultaneously producing fish for two markets.