bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Techno-politics of Canada’s First Internet
Authors: Hilstob Kayla 
Published: March 2024

Background: Internet scholars are uncovering and connecting histories of early internets across the globe, but the Canadian context remains underexplored. Drawing on unpublished and declassified documents of the Canadian Armed Forces at Ottawa’s Directorate of History and Heritage, this article investigates the history and significance of SAMSON (Strategic Automatic Message Switching Operational Network), an early Canadian internet that experienced a series of setbacks beginning almost immediately at its advent in 1965, until the project was completed in 1984. Analysis: Canada’s internet infrastructural techno-politics are examined through Brian Larkin’s framework of examining technical ways through which the political is constituted. Conclusions and implications: This paper shows how this early internet was a techno-political system that shaped and was shaped by Canada’s pursuit of its national identity amid fears of U.S. influence and rising demands for self-determination within the Québécois and Indigenous nations.
Canada’s Nuclear Colonialism: Capitalist Realism and the Neoliberal Public Sphere
Authors: Dressler Harrison 
Published: March 2024

Background: In Canada, actors in industry, government, and civil society have proposed small modular reactors as a technological solution to climate change. Analysis: A quantitative and qualitative content analysis of New Brunswick’s mainstream newspapers indicates a profound bias in favour of perspectives drawn from actors in industry and government. The sources underemphasize the risk profile of small modular reactors, delegitimize criticism, and promote a nuclear realist project tied to the imperatives of neoliberal capitalism and colonialism. Conclusions and implications: Disproportionate coverage of pro-nuclear sources from industry and government thwarts representative public deliberation. Indigenous nations, acting as counterpublics, challenge technocratic, colonial, and neoliberal discourse.
The Crisis of Democracy Archive
Authors: Cairns James 
Published: March 2024

Background: It is now commonplace to say that democracy is in crisis. What exactly does that diagnosis mean? Analysis: Examining an archive of Google Alerts over the past three years, this commentary addresses themes and contradictions in the public debate about the so-called crisis of democracy. Conclusions and implications: The analysis shows that debate is characterized by significant disagreement on the nature of the crisis—how it started, its main symptoms, and its potential resolution. While this commentary rejects the assumption that liberal democracy is in crisis, it argues that there is radical insight and potential in this misguided view.
CYTOKINE PROFILE RESPONSE IN PATIENTS WITH FRACTURES OF LONG BONES DURING COVID-19
Authors: Guriev S.O. , Tanasienko P.V. , Skobenko E.O. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: The immune system swiftly responds to the onslaught of trauma and the infectious agents it triggers. However, the mechanisms of action of the COVID-19 virus remain unidentified to date. Distinctive alterations that occur in the immune system of trauma victims with COVID-19, setting them apart from changes observed in other diseases. This underscores the specificity of traumatic disease within this patient with COVID-19.
The study aims to assess the response of humoral immunity markers in patients with fractures of long bones and COVID-19 and to explore their role in early diagnosing infectious complications in this particular group of patients.
Materials and methods: To accomplish the study objectives, we assembled a retrospective dataset comprising 289 cases of skeletal bone fractures treated at the Kyiv City Clinical Hospital of Emergency Medical Care from March, 2020 to February, 2021, meeting the inclusion criteria for the study. The entire dataset consisted of 289 cases of skeletal bone fractures, categorized into two groups: the main group and the control group.
Results: On the first day of treatment, an increase in some pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and IL-4) with a normal level of TNF-α, normal values of IFN-γ, IFN-α and a sharp decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL was observed among the patients of the main group -10. On the third day of the treatment, there was a significant increase in all pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4 and TNF-α), both types of interferons, and an even sharper decrease in the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. On the tenth day, the growth in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines was noted, among which the level of TNF-α was the leader, a subnormal level of interferons and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 was observed. Conclusions: The dynamics of pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with long bone fractures against the background of COVID-19 tended to increase and had a maximum level on the third day of treatment. Anti-inflammatory cytokines demonstrate a tendency to depression and reache the reference value only on the 10th day of the study.
MICROBIAL AIR POLLUTION IN POLTAVA
Authors: Faustova M.O. , Loban G.A. , Benedis V.G. , Faustov Ya.Yu. 
Published: March 2024

Regular monitoring of air quality indicators, including microbial composition, is crucial for public health and should be a cornerstone of national healthcare policy. However, existing scientific literature lacks comprehensive data on microbial air pollution in Ukraine, particularly in Poltava and its surrounding areas. This study aims to assess the level of microbial air pollution across various districts within Poltava city.
Materials and methods. The Koch sedimentation method was used to assess the level of microbial air pollution in the districts of Poltava. For this purpose, atmospheric air sampling was taken in park zones of various districts in the city of Poltava during October 2023. For comparison, air samples were taken in deciduous and coniferous forests of villages adjacent to the city. According to the results of cultivation, the total microbial count (TCM) of the air in 1 m3 of each sample was calculated separately.
Statistical analysis of the obtained results was carried out using the standard Microsoft Excel 2019 and GraphPad Prism Software 10.1.0 software packages. (US, 2023).
Results. The study has revealed the greatest microbial pollution of atmospheric air was found in Pavlenkivskyi Park (Kyiv District, Poltava City). The air quality index of atmospheric air in Corpusnyi Park turned out to be 4 times lower, compared to the air index of the Kyiv district. During the cultivation of atmospheric air samples taken in the Voiniv-Afghantsiv park (Shevchenkivskyi district of the city), the TCM was determined to be 8.2 times lower than that of the Pavlenkivskyi park. Interestingly, the "Peremoha" park (Shevchenkivskyi district) exhibited the lowest levels of microbial contamination. Overall, the Podilskyi district demonstrated favorable air quality indicators, surpassed only by the "Peremoha" park. However, it's important to note the presence of hemolytic streptococci in this district, which poses a potential health risk.
Conclusion. The highest level of microbial air pollution has been found in the Kyiv district of Poltava, the lowest level is within the boundaries of the Shevchenkivskyi district on the territory of the "Peremoha" park. Microbiological air quality in Poltava's park areas exhibits an inverse relationship with proximity to the city's central roads.
CHRONIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM AND COPPER EXPOSURE ON THE HISTOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE SMALL INTESTINE IN RAT EMBRYOS
Authors: Shatorna V.F. , Tymchuk K.M. 
Published: March 2024

The search for bioantagonistic elements that mitigate cadmium toxicity and accumulation in the body is a pressing area of research. In this context, investigating the potential of trace element succinates holds promise, given their increasing application in medicine, biological experimentation, and pharmaceutical development.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic, isolated intragastric administration of cadmium chloride, and its combined administration with copper succinate, on the small intestine morphogenesis in developing rat embryos. Pregnant rats were exposed daily throughout pregnancy by oral gavage with solutions containing the respective agents at a dose of 2.0 mg/kg. Chronic daily exposure of pregnant rats to cadmium chloride via gavage resulted in structural alterations in the small intestine of embryos, evident as early as day 13 and becoming more pronounced by day 19. Compared to controls, cadmium exposure led to a thinner small intestine wall and a larger villus diameter in the intestinal mucosa. Notably, mucosal crypts were absent in the cadmium-exposed group at both time points. Conversely, the combined administration of cadmium chloride with copper succinate significantly restored most of the investigated histological parameters in the small intestine of embryos at both study days. Thus, the analysis of the obtained data has proven the effect of the isolated introduction of cadmium chloride leads to a reliable thickening of the villi of the small intestine and thinning of the mucosal walls in comparison to the control, and with the combined introduction of cadmium chloride with copper succinates, the indicators of the thickness of the mucous layer of the wall of the small intestine of the embryos had a tendency recovery to control group data. The obtained data allow us to consider copper succinate as a bioantagonist of cadmium chloride when administered intragastrically in the indicated doses in an experiment on rats.
REFINING METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO ENHANCE TEACHING QUALITY AT THE DEPARTMENT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES WITH EPIDEMIOLOGY
Authors: Poltorapavlov V.A. , Koval T.I. , Pryimenko N.O. , Marchenko O.G. , Vatsenko A.I. 
Published: March 2024

Reforming Ukrainian higher medical education is imperative, not only to address issues related to the recognition of Ukrainian diplomas abroad and to enhance the competitiveness of Ukrainian medical institutions and their graduates on the European and global job markets, but also to elevate the efficiency and quality of education. Furthermore, the recent full-scale invasion has resulted in the loss of a significant potential in medical universities across the southeastern region of Ukraine.
Amidst the ongoing reform of the Ukrainian higher education system, all institutions are transitioning towards a competency-based approach. This approach aims to cultivate and foster specific types and subtypes of competencies in students by ensuring comprehensive assimilation of essential knowledge and practical methodologies.
The training of highly skilled medical professionals encompasses multidisciplinary education, extending beyond therapy to encompass knowledge spanning over two dozen specialties. Of utmost importance is the ability to diagnose and treat patients with acute and chronic therapeutic and surgical conditions, as well as to provide urgent medical assistance.
The epidemiological landscape concerning numerous infectious diseases in various countries remains volatile. Incidences of viral hepatitis, tuberculosis, influenza, SARS, AIDS, Lyme borreliosis, among others, continue to rise in Ukraine and neighboring regions. A completely new challenge for the world community is the outbreak of Ebola fever in West Africa, monkeypox and its spread around the world. The appearance of pathogens of infectious diseases resistant to previously developed effective drugs is a cause for concern. Nowadays, the global crisis precipitated by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, underscores the urgency for education on emerging and re-emerging infections.
Given these challenges, the qualification level of future specialists in infectious diseases and epidemiology assumes paramount importance. These professionals must be equipped to organize and deliver medical care under adverse conditions such as war, pandemics, shortages of medical personnel and medications, and a dearth of theoretical and practical knowledge, especially in the face of new infections. To facilitate optimal learning amidst such crises, a phased approach is proposed that includes centralized distance education, methodological support, and practical skill acquisition. By implementing these measures, the assimilation of material and the quality of education can be enhanced for those seeking education during times of crisis.
ROLE OF LABORATORY DIAGNOSTICS IN THE DENTAL PRACTICE
Authors: Boychenko О.M. , Moshel T.M. 
Published: March 2024

Laboratory methods play a crucial role in dental practice, as the state of a patient's oral cavity frequently mirrors disruptions in metabolic processes within the body, and can also provide insights into potential pathology affecting individual organs and systems.
The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of employing laboratory methods in patients with periodontal tissue diseases.
We conducted examinations on 35 patients diagnosed with chronic generalized periodontitis of degrees II and III, along with 15 patients diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Additionally, a control group comprising 15 patients diagnosed solely through clinical examination methods with generalized periodontitis was included in the study.
All patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including general and biochemical blood tests. The investigation of periodontal pocket contents involved cytological and microbiological analyses, employing the method of successive serial rinses.
The patients diagnosed with generalized periodontitis have demonstrated a slight elevation in leukocyte count to 10-12*109/l upon the assessment of the general clinical blood test, indicating an exacerbation of the pathological process in periodontal tissues.
Furthermore, patients with generalized periodontitis have exhibited leukocyte migration in oral fluid exceeding 120, signifying disease exacerbation. Cytological examination of periodontal pocket contents revealed a notable presence of epithelial cells.
In the microbiocenoses of both gingival and periodontal pockets, representatives of aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms were predominant. Among patients diagnosed with catarrhal gingivitis, these microorganisms constituted 74.25% of the microbiota, while in those with generalized periodontitis, they accounted for 62.70%. During periods of exacerbated periodontitis, there was an increase in the proportion of anaerobes within the microflora of periodontal pockets, rising from 23.15% to 29.40%.
Research results have shown that patients with inflammatory and inflammatory-dystrophic periodontal diseases experience dysbiosis of gingival and periodontal pockets, characterized by a decrease in the antagonism of symbiont bacteria to pathogenic and potentially pathogenic microorganisms. The correct interpretation of laboratory studies carried out over time has not only diagnostic and prognostic significance, but is decisive in the choice of adequate treatment.
IMMUNOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ORAL FLUID IN PATIENTS WITH GENERALIZED PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Hlushchenko Т.А. , Batig V.М. , Kilmukhametova Yu.H. , Mytchenok О.V. , Vynogradova O.M. 
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study is to conduct an immunological analysis of oral fluid, specifically focusing on determining the interleukin status among patients with generalized periodontitis and underlying metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods. For immunological studies, 3 groups were formed: main group, comparative and control groups. The main group included 30 individuals with generalized periodontitis and metabolic syndrome, the comparison group included 30 people with generalized periodontitis without somatic pathology; 20 healthy individuals with intact periodontium made up the control group. The content of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4, TGF-β1 in the oral fluid of the subjects of the examination groups was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay using reagents of the company "Simko" (Ukraine).
Results. According to average values obtained, the highest levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α) were found in individuals with periodontal pathology and metabolic syndrome. The value of the IL-1β content in the oral fluid of the main group was 1.1 times higher than the similar indicator of the comparison group, and 1.4 times higher than the indicator of the control group. The mean IL-6 content in the oral fluid of patients with metabolic syndrome was 1.3 times higher compared to individuals without the systemic disease. Interestingly, the disparity was more pronounced in healthy individuals, with IL-6 levels differing by 2 times.
Conclusion. Patients with metabolic syndrome and periodontal pathology have significant disturbances in cytokine regulation. Cytokines are key factors in the formation of a local inflammatory reaction, therefore, an increase in the concentration of pro-inflammatory IL-1 β can be considered an immune response to the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues.
TREATMENT EFFICACY FOR PERIODONTAL DISEASES IN MIDDLE-AGED INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Horban I. , Pasichnyk M. , Mykyyevych N. I. , Mykyyevych N. O. 
Published: March 2024

The aim of the study is to evaluate and analyze the effectiveness of the proposed treatment mode for periodontal disease in middle-aged individuals.

Subjects and methods.The study comprised 62 individuals aged 46 to 60 years, including 32 men and 30 women with periodontal tissue diseases. Among them there were 24 patients diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis, and 38 patients with generalized periodontitis at the initial-I degree of development. The examinations were conducted at the Dental Medical Centre of Danylo Halytskyi Lviv National Medical University. The comparison group underwent standard treatment, while the intervention group was recommended to use the "Forteza" rinse solution and "Chlorophyllipt" tablets. Various indices were evaluated in all patients, including the Green-Vermillion index, periodontal index, and papillary bleeding index, both before treatment, immediately after treatment, and 6 months post-treatment. Results. The results obtained indicated a significant decrease (p > 0.05) in hygiene, bleeding, and periodontal indices among patients with chronic catarrhal gingivitis after treatment in both groups. However, it was noted that the baseline group exhibited superior outcomes compared to the comparison group. This difference persisted even 6 months after treatment. Similar results were obtained in patients with generalised periodontitis of the initial-I degree: the studied indices decreased in all patients immediately after treatment, but in the baseline group, the indices were significantly better immediately after treatment, and after six months.
Conclusions. The study confirmed significantly better treatment results in the baseline group. In particular, in patients with CСG, the PBI index and PI index values in six months after the treatment completion were significantly better in group I B in 1.6 times (p>0.05) than in group I A. A similar result was obtained in patients with initial, I degree, GP, namely, in group II B, the PBI was significantly better in 1.6 times (p>0.05) than in group II A, and the PI index was 1.4 times, respectively. Therefore, the prospect of further research is the implementation of an effective treatment mode for periodontal disease in the clinical practice for various age groups.
RESTORATION OF CORONAL PART IN CHEWING TEETH WITH SIGNIFICANT LOSS OF HARD TISSUES BY POST AND CORE CROWN
Authors: Yanishen I.V. , Krychka N.V. , Fedotova O.L. , Pohorila A.V. , Germanchuk S.M. 
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study was to improve the quality of orthopedic treatment of hard dental tissues of chewing teeth destroyed below the level of the gums by a post and core crown using ashless modeling plastics.
We examined 30 patients with severe destruction of the hard tissues of the crown portion of the teeth (IROPZ more than 80%) and concurrent periodontal diseases. A retrospective analysis revealed that teeth with deep subgingival defects restored by casts functioned as follows: for up to 1 year in 17 cases (14.2%), from 1 to 3 years in 36 cases (30.0%), from 3 to 5 years in 43 cases (35.8%), and for more than 5 years in 24 cases (20.0%).
The results of a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of tooth restoration with subgingival defects using ashless acrylic plastic "Modeplast" as a modeling material demonstrated the highest quality of such inserts, with most observed cases showing no signs of secondary caries. Complications, such as the dislodgement of metal inserts, were noted in 6.7% of cases, violation of marginal fit in 4.5%, and partial decementation of the structure in 8.3%. Incorrect positioning and suboptimal pin dimensions of the post and core crown occurred with approximately equal frequency: 3.5% and 3.2%, respectively. Destruction of the hard tissues of the tooth and caries relapse during restoration with metal inserts were noted in 13.3% and 29.1% of cases, respectively. Typical complications leading to tooth extraction included tooth root fractures (13.3%).
The developed method of manufacturing post and core crowns using ashless acrylic plastic "Modeplast" at the modeling stage enables to gently remove tooth tissues and atraumatic fit of the post to the gums, prevents the accumulation of dental plaque and does not have a destructive effect on periodontal tissues.