bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ICH S1 prospective evaluation study: weight of evidence approach to predict outcome and value of 2-year rat carcinogenicity studies. A report from the regulatory authorities subgroup
Authors: Bourcier Todd , McGovern Timothy , Cavaliero Tania , Ebere Geoffrey , Nishikawa Akiyoshi , Nishimura Jihei , Ogawa Kumiko , Pasanen Markku , Vespa Alisa , Van der Laan Jan Willem 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) initiated a process in 2012 to revise the S1B Guideline “Testing for Carcinogenicity of Pharmaceuticals”. Previous retrospective analysis indicated the importance of histopathological risk factors in chronic toxicity studies, evidence of endocrine perturbation, and positive genetic toxicology results as potentially predictive indicators of carcinogenic risk. In addition, a relationship between pharmacodynamic activity and carcinogenicity outcome in long-term rodent studies has been reported. It was postulated that these factors could be evaluated in a Weight-of-Evidence (WoE) approach to predict the outcome of a 2-year rat study.Methods: The ICH S1B(R1) Expert Working Group (EWG) conducted a Prospective Evaluation Study (PES) to determine the regulatory feasibility of this WoE approach. Drug Regulatory Authorities (DRAs) evaluated 49 Carcinogenicity Assessment Documents (CADs), which describe the WoE for submitted pharmaceutical compounds. Each compound was categorized into a carcinogenic risk category including a statement of the value of the 2-year rat study. The outcome of the completed 2-year rat studies was evaluated in relation to the prospective CAD to determine the accuracy of predictions.Results: Based on the results of the PES, the EWG concluded that the evaluation process for assessing human carcinogenic risk of pharmaceuticals described in ICH S1B could be expanded to include a WoE approach. Approximately 27% of 2-year rat studies could be avoided in cases where DRAs and sponsors unanimously agreed that such a study would not add value.Discussion: Key factors supporting a WoE assessment were identified: data that inform carcinogenic potential based on drug target biology and the primary pharmacologic mechanism of the parent compound and major human metabolites; results from secondary pharmacology screens for this compound and major human metabolites that inform carcinogenic risk; histopathology data from repeated-dose toxicity studies; evidence for hormonal perturbation; genotoxicity data; and evidence of immune modulation. The outcome of the PES indicates that a WoE approach can be used in place of conducting a 2-year rat study for some pharmaceuticals. These data were used by the ICH S1B(R1) EWG to write the R1 Addendum to the S1B Guideline published in August 2022.
Paired metagenomic and chemical evaluation of aflatoxin-contaminated dog kibble
Authors: Ottesen Andrea , Kocurek Brandon , Reed Elizabeth , Commichaux Seth , Mammel Mark , Ramachandran Padmini , McDermott Patrick , Flannery Brenna M. , Strain Errol 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionIdentification of chemical toxins from complex or highly processed foods can present ‘needle in the haystack’ challenges for chemists. Metagenomic data can be used to guide chemical toxicity evaluations by providing DNA-based description of the wholistic composition (eukaryotic, bacterial, protozoal, viral, and antimicrobial resistance) of foods suspected to harbor toxins, allergens, or pathogens. This type of information can focus chemistry-based diagnostics, improve hazard characterization and risk assessment, and address data gaps. Additionally, there is increasing recognition that simultaneously co-occurring mycotoxins, either from single or multiple species, can impact dietary toxicity exposure. Metagenomic data provides a way to address data gaps related to co-occurrence of multiple fungal species.MethodsPaired metagenomic and chemical data were used to evaluate aflatoxin-contaminated kibble with known levels of specific mycotoxins. Kibble was ground to a fine powder for both chemical and molecular analyses. Chemical analyses were performed with Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) and according to the AOAC Official method 2005.08: Aflatoxins in Corn, Raw Peanuts, and Peanut Butter using Liquid Chromatography with Post-Column Photochemical Derivatization. Metagenomes were created from DNA extracted from ground kibble and sequenced on an Illumina NextSeq 2000 with an average sequence depth of 180 million reads per replicate.Results and discussionMetagenomic data demonstrated that the abundance of DNA from putative aflatoxigenic Aspergillus spp. correlated with the levels of aflatoxin quantified by LCMS. Metagenomic data also identified an expansive range of co-occurring fungal taxa which may produce additional mycotoxins. DNA data paired with chemical data provides a novel modality to address current data gaps surrounding dietary mycotoxin exposure, toxigenic fungal taxonomy, and mycotoxins of emerging concern.
Incidence of Pocket Infection after Implantation of Permanent Pacemaker
Authors: Hameed Ullah  , Nasir Ali  , Talia Mansoor  , Romana  , Muhammad Idrees Khan  , Zahoor Ahmad Khan  
Published: April 2024

Objective: The research aimed to enhance clinical awareness and optimise preventive strategies in permanent pacemaker (PPM) implantation
Methodology: We followed the patient on 2nd and 4th weeks after implantation of PPM. A total of 500 patients were followed over a 1-year period of time. We defined pocket PPM infection as the presence of local oedema and redness or swelling with and without systemic signs of infection that required antibiotic therapy and/or device removal.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 55.4 ± 14.2 years, and 58% were male. The most common indications for PPM implantation were atrioventricular block (42%), sick sinus syndrome (32%), and atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response (18%). The median follow-up time was 12 months. The overall incidence of PPM infection was 2.4% (12 cases).
Conclusion: PPM pocket infection is a rare but serious complication that occurs mainly within the 2 weeks after implantation. Diabetes mellitus, renal failure, and the use of temporary pacing wires are significant risk factors for PPM infection. Prevention strategies and close follow-up are essential to reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with this complication.
Transplante de células-tronco e suas possibilidades na endodontia
Authors: De Souza Andrade Brandão Maria Gabriela , Do Nascimento Santos Joab Gabriel , Azevedo da Silva Louise Bárbara , Santos Lopes Sabrina Adrielly , Morais Rodrigues Melo Lucas , Santana Santos Isaias , Macari Conde Juliana , Da Silva Costa de Oliveria Joyce , Da Hora Sampaio Hosana , Maltez de Oliveira Santos Évellyn , Rebouças de Moura Julia Amanda , De Souza Oliveira Valquiria , De Nazaré Sales de Miranda Carvalho Érika , Silva de Lima Yasmim Kallyne 
Published: April 2024

Introdução: Manter a vitalidade dos dentes é fundamental para garantir a saúde bucal e o bem-estar geral. Um dente vital é aquele que conserva sua capacidade de nutrição, sensibilidade e autorreparação, graças à presença de uma polpa dentária saudável no seu interior. Contudo, se essa função for comprometida por cáries profundas, traumas ou infecções, é crucial intervir com restaurações dentárias para prevenir a perda irreversível. Preservar a saúde do dente é essencial para manter a estrutura óssea e a estabilidade da arcada dentária, além de prevenir complicações futuras como infecções graves, abscessos e até mesmo a perda dos dentes. Nesse contexto, o transplante de células-tronco desponta como uma opção promissora para revitalizar tecidos pulpares danificados, devido à sua capacidade única de se diferenciar em diversos tipos celulares, trazendo um grande potencial de reparação e regeneração tecidual. Objetivo: Diante disso, este estudo objetiva analisar as possibilidades e aplicações do transplante de células-tronco na endodontia, com o intuito de destacar suas indicações específicas, procedimentos envolvidos e os benefícios resultantes para pacientes que sofrem com alguma condição pulpar. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica exploratória, de caráter descritivo, desenvolvida a partir de artigos contidos nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e SciELO. A busca por artigos foi realizada fazendo uso dos descritores “Transplantes de células-tronco mesenquimais”, “Endodontia regenerativa” e “Doenças da polpa dentária”. Foram incluídos artigos originais, revisões de literatura e relatos de caso, em português, inglês e espanhol. Foram descartados artigos duplicados e que fugiam do tema central da pesquisa. Resultado: As células-tronco podem ser classificadas em embrionárias ou adultas, que residem em alguns tecidos do organismo, inclusive no pulpar. Essas células podem ser isoladas de dentes permanentes (DPSCs) ou decíduos (SHEDs) e usadas no tratamento restaurador de dentes com perda de vitalidade pulpar. Conclusão: É fundamental conduzir estudos para aprimorar as técnicas de isolamento, cultivo e transplante, bem como avaliar a segurança e eficácia desses procedimentos a longo prazo. Além disso, é necessário levar em conta questões regulatórias e éticas.

Palavras-chave: Transplantes de células-tronco mesenquimais; Endodontia regenerativa; Doenças da polpa dentária.
REABILITAÇÃO ORAL EM PACIENTES COM SEQUELAS DE TRAUMATISMOS BUCOMAXILOFACIAIS
Authors: Pedro Henrique de Souza Honório Justino  , Renata Mendes de Abreo Honório  , Paulo César Gajo Júnior  , Wendersom da Silva do Amaral  , Louise Cunha Mascarenhas de Araújo  , Iago Sarti Martins  , Ester Denyse da Silva Franco  , Tândara Pereira Fernandes  , Maria Idaiana Carvalho Alencar  , Diego César Marques  , Peterson Rodrigues Ferreira  , Fabiana Ribeiro da Silva  , Jefferson Giovani da Veiga  , Cinthya Santos de Deus  , Tito Marcel Lima Santos  , Amanda Soares Bandeira  , Túlio Marcos Kalife Coelho  , Marcelo Silva Pinheiro Júnior  , Matheus Benfica Macharete  , Nielly Cristina Rosa  
Published: April 2024

A reabilitação oral em pacientes com sequelas de traumatismos bucomaxilofaciais é um processo multidisciplinar que busca restaurar função e estética, impactando positivamente a qualidade de vida. Envolve uma equipe diversificada, incluindo cirurgiões bucomaxilofaciais, protesistas e psicólogos, trabalhando em conjunto para planejar tratamentos personalizados. A avaliação inicial, com exames detalhados, guia o desenvolvimento de um plano de tratamento específico para cada paciente. Implantes dentários e próteses são comuns para recuperar a função mastigatória e estética. Além disso, é crucial abordar aspectos psicológicos, oferecendo suporte emocional para ajudar o paciente a lidar com as consequências do trauma facial. A colaboração eficaz entre os membros da equipe é fundamental para alcançar resultados satisfatórios e melhorar a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.
Influence of dowel group configuration on the stability of reinforced slopes
Authors: Kharichkin A. I. , Chernyatin D. V. , Galimov I. M. , Babich D. D. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction. Slope reinforcement with dowels is the most economical and environmentally friendly method of their stabilization. However, the lack of theoretically substantiated schemes for optimal placement of dowels in groups, confirmed by tests in various conditions, leads to inefficient, often excessive use of the material in the arrangement of engineering protection.Aim. To determine the most effective arrangement of dowels in groups with regard to the overall stability of the reinformed soil mass. To assess quantitatively the stability depending on the spacing and shape of dowels in the group.Materials and methods. A review of international and Russian literature on the problem of assessing the influence of geometric parameters of dowel and anchor groups was carried out. According to the results of the review, primary calculations with the use of numerical simulation in the PLAXIS 3D software package was carried out.Results. The available publications mainly analyze configurations of screw anchor groups, paying insufficient attention the use of dowels of cylindrical cross-section. This fact substantiates further research in this field. The conducted numerical simulation allowed the slope stability provided by five dowel group configurations to be compared. The calculation results show that the slope stability depends on the configuration and the number of dowels in the group. The difference between the stability factors for the polygonal and triangular three-row configuration was 0.072 %, with the polygonal configuration requiring three dowels less. Selection of optimal dowel placement contributes to increased landslide control efficiency and reduced costs.Conclusions. The relevance and importance of studying the effect of dowel group configuration on slope stability, emphasizing the need for more in-depth and comprehensive research in this area.
Evolved Massive Stars at Low Metallicity. VII. The Lower Mass Limit of the Red Supergiant Population in the Large Magellanic Cloud
Authors: Yang 杨 Ming 明 , Zhang 章 Bo 博 , Jiang 姜 Biwei 碧沩 , Gao 高 Jian 健 , Ren 任 Yi 逸 , Wang 王 Shu 舒 , Lam 林 Man I 敏仪 , Tian 田 Hao 浩 , Luo 罗 Changqing 常青 , Chen 陈 Bingqiu 丙秋 , Wen 文 Jing 静 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The precise definition of the lower mass limit of red supergiant stars (RSGs) is an open question in astrophysics and does not attract much attention. Here, we assemble a spectroscopic evolved cool star sample with 6602 targets, including RSGs, asymptotic giant branch stars, and red giant branch stars, in the Large Magellanic Cloud based on Gaia DR3 and Sloan Digital Sky Survey IV/APOGEE-2. The reference spectrum of each stellar population is built according to the quantile range of relative intensity (1% ∼ 99%). Five different methods, e.g., χ
2, cosine similarity, machine learning (ML), equivalent width, and line ratio, are used in order to separate different stellar populations. ML and χ
2 provide the best and relatively consistent prediction of a certain population. The derived lower limit of the RSG population is able to reach the K

s
-band tip of the red giant branch (K

s
≈12.0 mag), indicating a luminosity as low as about 103.5
L
⊙, which corresponds to a stellar radius of only about 100 R
⊙. Given the mass–luminosity relation of

L

/

L

⊙

=
f

(
M

/

M

⊙

)

3

with f ≈ 15.5 ± 3 and taking into account the mass loss of faint RSGs up to now, the minimal initial mass of the RSG population would be about 6.1 ± 0.4 M
⊙, which is much lower than the traditional threshold of 8 M
⊙ for the massive stars. This is the first spectroscopic evidence, indicating that the lower mass limit of the RSG population is around 6 M
⊙. However, the destinies of such faint RSGs are still elusive and may have a large impact on stellar evolutionary and supernova models.
The XMM-Newton Line Emission Analysis Program (X-LEAP). II. The Multiscale Temperature Structures in the Milky Way Hot Gas
Authors: Qu Zhijie , Pan Zeyang , Bregman Joel N. , Liu Jifeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the multiscale temperature structures in the Milky Way (MW) hot gas, as part of the XMM-Newton Line Emission Analysis Program, surveying the O vii, O viii, and Fe-L band emission features in the XMM-Newton archive. In particular, we define two temperature tracers, I
OVIII/I
OVII (O87) and I
FeL/(I
OVII + I
OVIII) (FeO). These two ratios cannot be explained simultaneously using single-temperature collisional ionization models, which indicates the need for multitemperature structures in hot gas. In addition, we show three large-scale features in the hot gas: the eROSITA bubbles around the Galactic center (GC), the disk, and the halo. In the eROSITA bubbles, the observed line ratios can be explained by a log-normal temperature distribution with a median of

log
T

/

K
≈
6.4

and a scatter of σ

T
≈ 0.2 dex. Beyond the bubbles, the line ratio dependence on the Galactic latitude suggests higher temperatures around the midplane of the MW disk. The scale height of the temperature variation is estimated to be ≈2 kpc assuming an average distance of 5 kpc for the hot gas. The halo component is characterized by the dependence on the distance to the GC, showing a temperature decline from

log

T

/

K

≈
6.3

to 5.8. Furthermore, we extract the autocorrelation and cross-correlation functions to investigate the small-scale structures. O87 and FeO ratios show a consistent autocorrelation scale of ≈5° (i.e., ≈400 pc at 5 kpc), which is consistent with the expected physical sizes of X-ray bubbles associated with star-forming regions or supernova remnants. Finally, we examine the cross-correlation between the hot and UV-detected warm gas and show an intriguing anticorrelation.
An Algorithm for the Determination of Coronal Mass Ejection Kinematic Parameters Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Lin 林 Rongpei 荣沛 , Yang 杨 Yi 易 , Shen 沈 Fang 芳 , Pi Gilbert , Li 李 Yucong 雨淙 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Coronal mass ejections (CMEs) constitute the major source of severe space weather events, with the potential to cause enormous damage to humans and spacecraft in space. It is becoming increasingly important to detect and track CMEs, since there are more and more space activities and facilities. We have developed a new algorithm to automatically derive a CME’s kinematic parameters based on machine learning. Our method consists of three steps: recognition, tracking, and the determination of parameters. First, we train a convolutional neural network to classify images from Solar and Heliospheric Observatory Large Angle Spectrometric Coronagraph observations into two categories, containing CME(s) or not. Next, we apply the principal component analysis algorithm and Otsu’s method to acquire binary-labeled CME regions. Then, we employ the track-match algorithm to track a CME’s motion in time-series images and finally determine the CME’s kinematic parameters, e.g., velocity, angular width, and central position angle. The results of four typical CME events with different morphological characteristics are presented and compared with a manual CME catalog and several automatic CME catalogs. Our algorithm shows some advantages in the recognition of CME structure and the accuracy of the kinematic parameters. This algorithm can be helpful for real-time CME warnings and predictions. In the future, this algorithm is capable of being applied to CME initialization in magnetohydrodynamic simulations to study the propagation characteristics of real CME events and to provide more efficient predictions of CMEs’ geoeffectiveness.
Comprehensive Analysis of a Filament-embedding Solar Active Region at Different Stages of Evolution
Authors: Zhao Jie , Yu Fu , Gibson Sarah E. , Fan Yuhong , Su Yang , Li Ying , Dai Jun , Li Hui , Li Chuan , Chen Pengfei , Ding Ming-De , Fang Cheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Active regions are the brightest structures seen in the solar corona, so their physical properties hold important clues to the physical mechanisms underlying coronal heating. In this work, we present a comprehensive study for a filament-embedding active region as determined from observations from multiple facilities including the Chinese Hα Solar Explorer. We find three types of dynamic features that correspond to different thermal and magnetic properties, i.e., the overlying loops—1 MK cool loops, the moss region—2–3 MK hot loops’ footprints, and the sigmoidal filament. The overlying cool loops, which have a potential field, always show Doppler blueshifts at the east footprint and Doppler redshifts at the west, indicating a pattern of “siphon flow.” The moss-brightening regions, which sustain the hot loops that have a moderate sheared field, always show downward Doppler redshifts at the chromosphere, which could be a signature of plasma condensing into the inner region adjacent to the filament. The sigmoidal filament, which has strongly sheared field lines along the polarity inversion line, however, shows a different Doppler velocity pattern in its middle part, i.e., an upward Doppler blueshift at the double-J-shaped stage indicating tether-cutting reconnection during the filament channel formation and then a downward redshift showing the plasma condensation for the sigmoidal filament formation. The present work shows overall properties of the filament-embedding active region, constraining the heating mechanisms of different parts of the active region and providing hints regarding the mass loading of the embedded filament.
NICER, NuSTAR, and Insight-HXMT Views to Black Hole X-Ray Binary SLX 1746–331
Authors: Peng Jing-Qiang , Zhang Shu , Shui Qing-Cang , Zhang Shuang-Nan , Chen Yu-Peng , Kong Ling-Da , Yu Zhuo-Li , Ji Long , Wang Peng-Ju , Ge Ming-Yu , Qu Jin-Lu , Tao Lian , Chang Zhi , Li Jian , Li Zhao-sheng , Yan Zhe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We study the spectral and temporal properties of the black hole (BH) X-ray transient binary SLX 1746–331 during the 2023 outburst with NICER, NuSTAR, and Insight-HXMT observations. Through the joint fitting of the spectra from NICER, NuSTAR, and Insight-HXMT, the spin and inclination angles are measured for the first time as 0.85 ± 0.03 and 53° ± 0.°5, respectively. Accordingly, the mass of the compact star is updated from the previous lower limit of 3.3 ± 2.1M
⊙ to 5.5 ± 3.6M
⊙, which is consistent with 5.2 ± 4.5M
⊙ measured with an empirical mass–luminosity correlation of BH samples. With more NICER observations covering the later decay of the outburst, we confirm that the entire outburst was dominated by the disk emissions, and the thermal spectrum follows

F
∝

T

in

3.974
±
0.003

, until a luminosity of over 2 magnitudes lower than the maximum of the outburst.
Ultradeep Cover: An Exotic and Jetted Tidal Disruption Event Candidate Disguised as a Gamma-Ray Burst
Authors: Eyles-Ferris R. A. J. , Nixon C. J. , Coughlin E. R. , O’Brien P. T. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are traditionally classified as either short GRBs with durations ≲2 s that are powered by compact object mergers or long GRBs with durations ≳2 s that are powered by the deaths of massive stars. Recent results, however, have challenged this dichotomy and suggest that there exists a population of merger-driven long bursts. One such example, GRB 191019A, has a t
90 ≈ 64 s, but many of its other properties—including its host galaxy, afterglow luminosity and lack of associated supernova—are more consistent with a short GRB. Here we propose an alternative interpretation: that GRB 191019A (which is located in the nucleus of its host) is an atypical jetted tidal disruption event (TDE). In particular, we suggest the short timescale and rapid decline, not expected for standard TDEs, are the result of an “ultradeep” encounter, in which the star came well within the tidal radius of the black hole and promptly self-intersected, circularized, accreted, and launched a relativistic outflow. This model reproduces the timescale and luminosity through a prompt super-Eddington accretion phase and accounts for the lack of late optical emission. This would make GRB 191019A only the fifth jetted TDE and the first discovered ultradeep TDE. The ultradeep TDE model can be distinguished from merger-driven long GRBs via the soft X-ray flash that results from prompt self-intersection of the debris stream; the detection of this flash will be possible with wide-field and soft-X-ray satellites such as Einstein Probe or SVOM.