bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF FREQUENCY AND DURATION OF SIMULATED ACIDIC RAINFALLS ON SOYBEAN YIELDS
Authors: EVANS LANCE S. , LEWIN KEITH F. , SANTUCCI KAREN A. , PATTI MITCHELL J. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryAn experiment to determine the effects of simulated acidic rain, applied at two frequencies and durations, on seed yields of two commercial cultivars of soybeans was performed during the summer of 1983. Plants were shielded from all ambient rainfalls automatically by two moveable exclusion covers and exposed to simulated rainfalls in quantities equal to the average amount of rainfall that occurs at the site during the growing season. Seed yields of soybeans (cv. Amsoy) exposed twice weekly to simulated rain of pH 41, 3.3 and 2.7 were, respectively, 0, 10 and 17 % below yields of plants exposed to simulated rain of pH 5.6. The linear treatment‐response function of seed yield versus rainfall pH for Amsoy was + 9.18 + 0.74x and had a correlation coefficient of 0.86 y is seed mass per plant and x is the pH of the simulated rain). The linear component of pH treatment differences showed a highly significant decrease in yield (P= 0.0034). For Amsoy plants exposed to simulated rainfalls daily, plants exposed to pH 4.1, 3.3 and 2.7 exhibited yields 10, 19 and 12%, respectively, below those exposed to simulated rainfalls of pH 56. A treatment‐response function (P= O.0713) of seed yield vs rainfall pH was y+ 7.35 + 0.56x and had a correlation coefficient of 0.84. Seed yields of the Williams cultivar were not affected by rainfall acidity. In both cultivars the daily, short duration rainfall regimen resulted in significantly lower yields compared with the twice weekly, longer duration rainfalls. The major portion of the differences in seed yield can be accounted for by the observed differences in number of pods per plant.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL AND HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES OF TRANSFER CELLS IN THE CALLUS AND APOGAMOUS SPOROPHYTES OF PHYSCOMITRIUM COORGENSE BROTH.
Authors: LAL M. , NARANG A. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryUltrastructural and histochemical studies reveal that apogamous sporophytes develop spontaneously from gametophytic callus cells of Physcomitrium coorgense which have accumulated starch and developed wall ingrowths. Plasmodesmatal connections are retained between the apogamous outgrowths and the subtending callus. Although apogamous sporophytes lack a recognizable foot, the peripheral cells in the lower part of the seta develop wall ingrowths similar to those in the placental region in sporophytes of sexual origin.
INTERFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTHY AND RUSTED GROUNDSEL (SENECIO VULGARIS L.) WITHIN MIXED POPULATIONS OF DIFFERENT DENSITIES AND PROPORTIONS
Authors: PAUL N. D. , AYRES P. G. 
Published: May 2006

SUMMARYPlants of groundsel (Senecio vulgaris L.), either inoculated with rust Puccinia lagenophorae Cooke or uninoculated, were grown to capitulum production at a range of densities up to 2240 plants m−2, both in monoculture and together in mixture. Rust infection reduced vegetative growth and capitulum production in monocultures and mixtures. However, in mixture, unequal interference between inoculated and uninoculated plants amplified the effect of rust infection on growth. The relative crowding coefficient of uninoculated over rusted groundsel consistently exceeded unity but showed no clear trend in response to planting density. Rust infection resulted in bimodal frequency distributions of plant height, particularly in mixture, i.e. many rusted plants were stunted and were confined to the lowest layers of the shoot canopy. Thus, the reduced yield of the inoculated component of mixtures resulted from the very severe inhibition of growth of a proportion of rusted plants. However, it appeared that suppressed, rusted plants remained able to respond to limitation of available resources since both dry weight partitioning to the roots and specific leaf area increased. Perhaps because of the ability of groundsel to adapt to unfavourable environmental conditions, rust infection resulted in little mortality. Thus, even heavily rusted suppressed plants were able to produce some capitula and, potentially, seed.
POLLEN CATCHMENT IN RELATION TO LOCAL VEGETATION: CEANN EAR, MONACH ISLES N.N.R., OUTER HEBRIDES
Authors: RANDALL R. E. , ANDREW R. , WEST R. G. 
Published: May 2006

SUMMARYThe relation between pollen deposition and phytosociology of 11 plant communities on the island of Ceann Ear, Monach Isles, has been studied. The relation of the phytosociology (frequency, Domin rating) of each community to the pollen analysis of a sample within it is described and the recognition of each community by its pollen spectrum is discussed. The representation of each pollen taxon in the pollen analyses in relation to the flora is tabulated, resulting in a classification of types of representation, from widespread to local to absent.The minimum percentage of pollen of off‐island taxa is low (16%), over half being longdistance transport of Betula and Pinus. The frequency of off‐island pollen is considered in relation to the frequency of community and out‐community pollen, and various features of a plant community are suggested as possible factors in determining the relationship: height of vegetation, exposure, rate of local pollen deposition and the nature of the material trapping pollen.The significance of the results for the interpretation of fossil pollen spectra with high non‐tree pollen frequencies (cold stages, post‐Mesolithic clearances) is considered in relation to the reflection of a mosaic of plant communities and of regional plant communities in the pollen rain, to long‐distance pollen transport and to grazing.
BIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF A MERCURY FUNGICIDE ON A N2‐FIXING BLUE‐GREEN ALGA NOSTOC MUSCORUM: ISOLATION AND PRELIMINARY CHARACTERIZATION OF A Hg‐RESISTANT MUTANT
Authors: PRASAD A. B. , SAMANTA R. , VISHWAKARMA M. L. , VAISHAMPAYAN A. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryMercuric chloride, which is used as a fungicide in tropical paddy‐fields, inhibits growth (in N2, i.e. molecular nitrogen, and 5 mM KNO3 media) and heterocyst formation (in N8 medium) in the blue‐green alga Nostoc muscorum at a concentration of 0.3 μg ml−1and above. These inhibitory effects were reversed on supplementation with 3 mM exogenous glucose. A mercury resistant mutant of this alga has been obtained, which is stable through repeated cell transfers in N2 medium. It is suggested that a Hg‐inducible protein/enzyme system is responsible for the intracellular mercury‐resistance of this mutant.
15N DILUTION METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE ABSORPTION OF ATMOSPHERIC NO2 BY PLANTS
Authors: OKANO K. , FUKUZAWA T. , TAZAKP T. , TOTSUKA T. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryThe 15N dilution method was used for the quantitative estimation of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) absorbed by Helianthus annuus and Zea mays during a relatively long period. The relationships between the amount of NO2 absorbed and the concentration of NO2 and length of exposure were investigated, in order to ascertain the reliability of this method.The total amount of NO2‐nitrogen absorbed by the plants over two weeks (from two to four weeks after the sowing) increased with increasing concentrations of NO2. The rate of absorption of NO2 per unit leaf area also increased linearly with increasing concentrations of NO2 from 0 to 1 μl l−1. This means that the diffusive resistances of stomata or mesophyll tissues were not changed by the continuous exposure to NO2 at 1 μl l−1for two weeks. The absorption rate per unit leaf area in H. annuus was about three times greater than that in Z. mays.The total amount of NO2‐nitrogen absorbed by the plants which were continuously exposed to 0.5 μl l −1NO2 rose not linearly but exponentially as the exposure time increased from zero to three weeks. This might in part have reflected the growth characteristics of the plants, since dry weight and leaf area increased exponentially during the period of exposure to the pollutant. The absorption rate per unit leaf area remained constant during the first two weeks, but thereafter increased significantly, probably due to the uptake of NO2‐nitrogen through the air‐soil‐root pathway.These results demonstrated that the values estimated by the15N dilution method were reliable, and this method can be recommended for the quantitative determination of NO2 absorbed by plants during a long period.
THE MECHANISM OF ACTION OF CALCIUM IN THE INHIBITION OF HIGH TEMPERATURE‐INDUCED LEAKAGE OF BETACYANIN FROM BEET ROOT DISCS
Authors: COOKE A. , COOKSON A. , EARNSHAW M. J. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryEffective inhibition of high temperature‐induced leakage of betacyanin from beet root discs occurs at concentrations of about 100 mM K+, Na+ or choline+, about 10 mM inorganic divalent cations in which Mn2+ Ca2+ Sr2+ Ba2+ Mg2+, and about 1 mM, Ln3+. Thermal protection is also afforded by a range of sugars and sugar alcohols suggesting that the action of monovalent cation salts, in particular, is at least partially due to an osmotic lowering of cell turgor pressure. Inorganic divalent cation specificity, as well as the ineffectiveness of the organic cations, decamethonium2+ and tris(ethylendiamine)cobaltic III, suggest that screening of membrane surface charge is not involved in decreasing betacyanin leakage. It is suggested that Ca2+, and other inorganic multivalent cations, act by binding to membrane components which may produce a decrease in membrane fluidity.
Electroanatomic Characteristics of Atrial Premature Beats Triggering Atrial Fibrillation in Patients with Persistent Versus Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: PAK HUI‐NAM , HWANG CHUN , LIM HONG EUY , KIM JIN WON , LEE HYUN SOO , KIM YOUNG‐HOON 
Published: May 2006

Background: Although the electrical disconnection between the left atrium (LA) and pulmonary veins (PVs) by radiofrequency catheter ablation has been proven to be effective in controlling atrial fibrillation (AF), the recurrence rate is higher in patients with persistent AF (PeAF) than with paroxysmal AF (PAF). We hypothesized that the origin of the atrial premature beats (APBs) that trigger AF and the pattern of their breakthrough into the LA differ between PAF and PeAF. Methods: We mapped 75 APBs (53 APBs triggering AF, 22 isolated APBs) from the LA and PVs in 26 patients with AF (age: 49.5 ± 9.6, males: 23, PAF = 17, PeAF = 9), using a noncontact endocardial mapping (NCM) system. The location of the preferential conduction (PC) sites and their conduction velocity (CV) were compared. Results: In patients with PeAF, the earliest activation (EA) site and exit of the PC were more frequently located on the LA side of the LA–PV junction as compared with PAF (P < 0.001). Eighty‐one percent of the PCs were located in the area between the left and right superior PVs. The incidence of PCs was similar between the PeAF and PAF patients (P = NS). PCs were more commonly found with APBs inducing AF (63.3%) than with those not inducing AF (35.2%, P = 0.01). The CV of the PC was slower for PeAF than PAF (P < 0.001). The CV in the LA during sinus rhythm was also slower for PeAF than PAF (P < 0.01). Conclusion: PeAF was more frequently triggered by APBs from the LA side of the LA–PV junction than PAF and resulted in slower conduction than did PAF. These findings may help explain the higher potential for recurrence after electrical PV isolation in patients with PeAF.
Experimental Model Simulating Right Ventricular Outflow Tract Tachycardia: A Novel Technique to Initiate RVOT‐VT
Authors: ZHOU JING , SCHERLAG BENJAMIN J. , YAMANASHI WILLIAM , WU RICHARD , HUANG YAN , LAZZARA RALPH , JACKMAN WARREN M. , PO SUNNY S. 
Published: May 2006

Objective: To simulate right ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (RVOT‐VT) in experimental animals. Background: The mechanism(s) whereby a discrete area of myocardium in the RVOT becomes arrhythmogenic remains unknown. Methods: In 13 dogs, a circular catheter was placed in the proximal pulmonary artery (PA) to contact the endovascular circumference of the PA. A 50‐msec train of high‐frequency stimulation (HFS, 200 Hz), coupled to atrial pacing, was applied at each bipolar pair of the circular catheter. The coupling interval was adjusted so that the 50‐msec train occurred during the ventricular refractory period, that is, the QRS complex, in order to prevent stimulation of the myocardial sleeve within the proximal PA. Results: In all dogs, HFS induced ventricular premature depolarizations and VTs with a left bundle branch block (LBBB) morphology and inferior axis (average 6.8 ± 1.6 V). Earliest activation was consistently recorded from the proximal PA. Esmolol, a short‐acting beta‐blocker (1 mg/kg), was administered intravenously in 11 dogs. The inducible ventricular ectopy was abolished in 10 dogs (>12 V, P < 0.05) and the response to HFS was blunted in one dog (10–11 V). After 30 minutes, the response to HFS returned to pre‐esmolol levels. Conclusions: Stimulation of the sympathetic input to the proximal PA induces ventricular ectopy and VTs exhibiting a left bundle branch block morphology and inferior axis, closely simulating clinical RVOT‐VT. Beta‐blockade either abolishes or blunts this response, corroborating the sympathetic etiology in this model and in some clinical cases of RVOT tachycardias.
Plantar warts in twins after successful bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency
Authors: Marini Alessandra , Niehues Tim , Stege Helger , Ruzicka Thomas , Hengge Ulrich R. 
Published: May 2006

SummaryNine‐year‐old twin sisters presented with long‐standing severe plantar warts following bone marrow transplantation for severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID). Combination therapy with keratolysis, cidofovir and water‐filtered infrared coagulation (WIRA) led to complete clearance after 8 months of therapy. This dermatologic problem and the treatment of SCID including gene therapy are discussed.
Assessment of the Impact of Sildenafil Citrate on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men with Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Mulhall John P. , Guhring Patricia , Parker Marilyn , Hopps Carin 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sildenafil citrate is an effective and well-tolerated oral erectogenic medication. Through phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibition, it induces relaxation in penile smooth muscle, resulting in erection. Due to its mild affinity for other PDE enzymes, it may cause smooth muscle relaxation in a number of other organs. Recent data suggest an association between erectile dysfunction (ED) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). Anecdotally some patients cite improvement in LUTS while using sildenafil.

Aim
This study was conducted to assess the impact of Viagra on LUTS, using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measure
International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and IPSS inventories.

Methods
Men presenting to a sexual dysfunction clinic who were candidates and opted for treatment with sildenafil completed the IIEF and IPSS. Men with the IPSS scores greater than 10 were enrolled and completed the IPSS and IIEF questionnaires at least 3 months after the commencement of sildenafil. Comparisons were made between pre- and posttreatment scores in the IPSS and erectile function (EF) domain of the IIEF.

Results
Forty-eight men were enrolled, with a mean age of 62 ± 11 years. The mean improvement in the EF domain score was 7 points (P = 0.01). The mean improvement in the IPSS score was 4.6 points (P = 0.013) and in quality of life (QOL) score was 1.4 points (P = 0.025). In total, 60% of men improved their IPSS score, and 35% had at least a 4-point improvement in their score. The mean number of uses of sildenafil per week was 2.0 ± 0.6. No significant correlation was seen between the degree of the IPSS improvement and baseline IPSS, baseline EF domain score, or magnitude of improvement in EF domain score.

Conclusions
These data indicate a positive impact of Viagra on men with mild to moderate LUTS. It is presumed, although unproven, that the medication’s effect is mediated through bladder neck/prostatic smooth muscle relaxation.
ANDROTEST©: A Structured Interview for the Screening of Hypogonadism in Patients with Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Corona Giovanni , Mannucci Edoardo , Petrone Luisa , Balercia Giancarlo , Fisher Alessandra D. , Chiarini Valerio , Forti Gianni , Maggi Mario 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Detecting hypogonadism, which is important in the general population, becomes crucial in patients with sexual dysfunctions, because hypogonadism can have a causal role for them and testosterone (T) substitution represents a milestone for the therapy.

Aim
No inventories are available for the screening of hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction. We wished to set up a brief structured interview providing scores useful for detecting hypogonadism defined as low total T (&lt;10.4 nmol/L, 300 ng/dL) in a symptomatic population (sexual dysfunction).

Methods
A minimum set of items was identified within a larger structured interview through iterative receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, with assessment of sensitivity and specificity for hypogonadism in a sample of 215 patients.

Main Outcome Measures
Sensitivity and specificity were verified in a further sample of 664 patients. Correlation of test scores with prostate-specific antigen (PSA), testis volume, and others clinical and psychological parameters, was assessed for concurrent validity.

Results
In the validation sample, the final 12-item version of the interview (ANDROTEST ©) had a sensitivity and specificity of 68% and 65%, in detecting low total T (&lt;10.4 nmol/L) and of 71% and 65%, in the screening for low free T (&lt;37 pmol/L). Furthermore, patients with a pathological test (i.e., score &gt;8) showed higher prevalence of hypogonadism-related signs, such as lower testis volume and higher depressive symptoms. Finally, when only younger patients (&lt;54 years, which represents the median age of the sample) were considered, Log10 [PSA] levels were significantly lower in those with ANDROTEST © score &gt;8.

Conclusion
ANDROTEST © is a quick and easy-to-administer interview that provides scores for the screening of male hypogonadism in patients with sexual dysfunction.
Prescriptive patterns of nurse practitioners and physicians
Authors: Running Alice , Kipp Catherine , Mercer Victoria 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurpose: To compare the prescriptive patterns of nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians in a primary care setting for the treatment of sinusitis, bronchitis, musculoskeletal injury, and back pain.Data sources: One hundred charts were reviewed for each condition for a total of 400 charts (200 of the charts were for NP providers, and 200 were for physician providers).Conclusions: While the mean scores of the differences in prescriptive patterns were found to be statistically significant in only one instance, the overall findings indicate slight differences in the administration of medications for patients. Additionally, NPs prescribed more over‐the‐counter medications and provided more nonpharmacotherapeutic interventions for their patients than the physicians.Implications for practice: The results, although statistically significant in only one category, indicate that NPs may be more cautious in their prescriptive interventions and provide more teaching for patients.
Comparison of the traits of physically active and inactive women
Authors: Purath Janet 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurpose: To explore the determinants of physical activity for working women and to compare traits of active with inactive women.Data sources: Original research articles, books, government reports, and self‐report survey data from 373 university employees who attended an employer‐sponsored health screening.Conclusions: Active women had lower body mass indexes and more beneficial high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol when compared to inactive women. They were more likely to have a past history of sustained physical activity. Significant psychosocial determinants to physical activity included time constraints, confidence in finding an activity that can be enjoyed in bad weather, and not being too tired at the end of the day to engage in physical activity.Implications for practice: Nurse practitioners are in key positions to help women increase their levels of physical activity. Knowing the traits of active women can help busy clinicians focus interventions that address those traits, leading to greater efficiency and effectiveness.
Management of chronic hepatitis B virus infection: Current perspectives for the nurse practitioner
Authors: Perrillo Robert 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPurpose: To address the clinical management of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Data sources: Studies from the National Library of Medicine that examine the natural history, prevention, and antiviral therapy of chronic HBV infection, with emphasis on recent studies.Conclusions: Chronic infection with HBV is a frequent cause of cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver‐related mortality worldwide. Strategies to prevent infection, screen for liver cancer in HBV carriers, and treat chronic hepatitis B are all important in managing this disorder.Implications for practice: Much can be done to prevent and treat infection. Both classes of drugs to treat hepatitis B, nucleoside analogues and interferons, have advantages and disadvantages. Selection of therapy should be based on biochemical, histological, and virological parameters as well as consideration of several practical issues.
Fecal Bacterial Diversity in a Wild Gorilla
Authors: Frey Julie C. , Rothman Jessica M. , Pell Alice N. , Nizeyi John Bosco , Cranfield Michael R. , Angert Esther R. 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACT

We describe the bacterial diversity in fecal samples of a wild gorilla by use of a 16S rRNA gene clone library and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Clones were classified as
Firmicutes
,
Verrucomicrobia
,
Actinobacteria
,
Lentisphaerae
,
Bacteroidetes
,
Spirochetes
, and
Planctomycetes
. Our data suggest that fecal populations did not change temporally, as determined by T-RFLP.
Characterization of the ArsRS Regulon ofHelicobacter pylori, Involved in Acid Adaptation
Authors: Pflock Michael , Finsterer Nadja , Joseph Biju , Mollenkopf Hans , Meyer Thomas F. , Beier Dagmar 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTThe human gastric pathogenHelicobacter pyloriis extremely well adapted to the highly acidic conditions encountered in the stomach. The pronounced acid resistance ofH. pylorirelies mainly on the ammonia-producing enzyme urease; however, urease-independent mechanisms are likely to contribute to acid adaptation. Acid-responsive gene regulation is mediated at least in part by the ArsRS two-component system consisting of the essential OmpR-like response regulator ArsR and the nonessential cognate histidine kinase ArsS, whose autophosphorylation is triggered in response to low pH. In this study, by global transcriptional profiling of an ArsS-deficientH. pylorimutant grown at pH 5.0, we define the ArsR∼P-dependent regulon consisting of 109 genes, including the urease gene cluster, the genes encoding the aliphatic amidases AmiE and AmiF, and therocFgene encoding arginase. We show that ArsR∼P controls the acid-induced transcription ofamiEandamiFby binding to extended regions located upstream of the −10 box of the respective promoters. In contrast, transcription ofrocFis repressed by ArsR∼P at neutral, acidic, and mildly alkaline pH via high-affinity binding of the response regulator to a site overlapping the promoter of therocFgene.