bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phototherapy in the management of atopic dermatitis: a systematic review
Authors: Meduri N. Bhavani , Vandergriff Travis , Rasmussen Heather , Jacobe Heidi 
Published: June 2007

Background/purpose: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common and extremely burdensome skin disorder with limited therapeutic options. Ultraviolet (UV) phototherapy is a well tolerated, efficacious treatment for AD, but its use is limited by a lack of guidelines in the optimal choice of modality and dosing. Given this deficit, we aim to develop suggestions for the treatment of AD with phototherapy by systematically reviewing the current medical literature.Methods: Data sources: All data sources were identified through searches of MEDLINE via the Ovid interface, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and a complementary manual literature search.Study selection: Studies selected for review met these inclusion criteria, as applied by multiple reviewers: controlled clinical trials of UV phototherapy in the management of AD in human subjects as reported in the English‐language literature. Studies limited to hand dermatitis and studies in which subjects were allowed unmonitored use of topical corticosteroids or immunomodulators were excluded.Data extraction: Included studies were assessed by multiple independent observers who extracted and compiled the following data: number of patients, duration of treatment, cumulative doses of UV radiation, adverse effects, and study results. Data quality was assessed by comparing data sets and rechecking source materials if a discrepancy occurred.Results: Nine trials that met the inclusion criteria were identified. Three studies demonstrated that UVA1 is both faster and more efficacious than combined UVAB for treating acute AD. Two trials disclosed the advantages of medium dose (50 J/cm2) UVA1 for treating acute AD. Two trials revealed the superiority of combined UVAB in the management of chronic AD. Two additional studies demonstrated that narrow‐band UVB is more effective than either broad‐band UVA or UVA1 for managing chronic AD.Conclusion: On the basis of available evidence, the following suggestions can be made: phototherapy with medium‐dose (50 J/cm2) UVA1, if available, should be used to control acute flares of AD while UVB modalities, specifically narrow‐band UVB, should be used for the management of chronic AD.
Prediction tool for bacteraemia in children aged 3–36 months
Authors: Stathakis Tina , Acworth Jason P , Barnett Adrian G 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPurpose:  The present study aimed to determine which parameter is the most reliable predictor of bacteraemia in children aged 3–36 months and to develop a simple tool to assess risk of bacteraemia.Method:  A retrospective review was performed on patients aged 3–36 months who presented to a paediatric ED between July 1999 and April 2004. Children with a febrile illness who had a blood culture and full blood count performed were included in the study. Data were collected from the pathology database (AUSLAB) and Emergency Department Information System (EDIS). Variables examined were age, sex, temperature at presentation, white cell count, neutrophil count and blood culture result. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the independent predictors of bacteraemia. Non‐linear regression analysis was applied to explore alternative patterns of bacteraemia risk.Results:  Of the 1488 patients in the dataset, 43 were bacteraemic (2.9%). The most common organism was pneumococcus (74.4%). Sex was evenly distributed (male 52.4%, female 47.6%). Mean temperature at presentation was 38.8°C (95% confidence interval 35.5–41.4°C). The optimal logistic regression model identified neutrophil count as the variable most predictive of bacteraemia, with the odds of bacteraemia increasing by 1.11 for each one‐unit increase in neutrophil count.Conclusions:  Neutrophil count is the strongest predictor of bacteraemia in febrile children aged 3–36 months. Based on this, a simple prediction tool can be used to risk stratify this population, and assist in clinical decision making.
Relational Aggression, Gender, and the Developmental Process
Authors: Bowie Bonnie H. 
Published: June 2007

TOPIC:  Defining and exploring the concept of relational aggression, or the purposeful intent to inflict harm on another through a social relationship. PURPOSE:  This study aims to describe the concept of relational aggression as it has been shaped through recent research, to contrast relational aggression with other types of aggression, and to explore the influence of gender and the formation of a self‐concept in the development of relational aggression. SOURCES:  A review of the literature from 1969 to 2005 from selected nursing, child development, women's studies, and psychology publications. CONCLUSIONS:  Some degree of relational aggression seems to be a normal response to conflict for many girls, from preschool through adolescence; however, more research needs to be conducted to determine at what level, or what subtypes, of relational aggression are predictive of future deviant behavior.
ANALYSIS OF ADULTERATION OF VIRGIN COCONUT OIL BY PALM KERNEL OLEIN USING FOURIER TRANSFORM INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: MANAF MARINA ABDUL , MAN YAAKOB BIN CHE , HAMID NAZIMAH SHEIKH ABDUL , ISMAIL AMIN , ABIDIN SYAHARIZA ZAINUL 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Virgin coconut oil, a relative newcomer in the fats and oil market, is fast becoming a valuable oil next to virgin olive oil. Therefore, it is important to establish reliable purity criteria to assure its premium quality. A study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in detecting adulteration of virgin coconut oil with palm kernel olein as a potential adulterant. Multibounce attenuated total reflectance measurements were made on pure and adulterated samples of virgin coconut oil. Detection of adulteration up to 1% was possible. Discriminant analysis using 10 principal components was able to classify pure and adulterated samples on the basis of their spectra. A partial least square calibration demonstrated good linear regression of actual value against that predicted by FTIR with coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9875 and root mean square error of cross validation of 1.70. Discriminant analysis was also equally effective in designing virgin coconut oil samples as distinct from other vegetable oils.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIHEPATOMA ACTIVITIES OF PALM OIL EXTRACT
Authors: WU SHU‐JING , NG LEAN TEIK 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Palm oil extract (POE) at different concentrations (0.1–500 µg/mL) was evaluated for antioxidant and antihepatoma activities. Results showed that POE exhibited a greater antioxidant activity than α‐tocopherol in all model systems tested. At concentrations of 0.1–100 µg/mL, POE showed a superoxide radical scavenging activity ranging from 50.6 to 100%, with an IC50 value (0.09 µg/mL) lower than α‐tocopherol (0.51 µg/mL). In the xanthine oxidase inhibition test, POE (IC50 = 0.67 µg/mL) also exhibited a stronger inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidase activity than α‐tocopherol (IC50 = 0.83 µg/mL). At concentrations of 0.1 µg/mL and above, POE showed significant ability in inhibiting the oxidative damage to lipids induced by ascorbate‐Fe2+ than α‐tocopherol in rat liver (IC50 = 0.53 µg/mL versus 0.94 µg/mL), brain (IC50 = 0.10 µg/mL versus 52.52 µg/mL) and plasma (IC50 = 77.17 µg/mL versus 190.81 µg/mL). In the antihepatoma studies, POE showed a greater potency than α‐tocopherol in inhibiting Hep G2, Hep 3B and PLC/PRF/5 cells. The antiproliferative effect of POE against these human hepatoma cells was dose‐dependent, with IC50 values varying from 4.86 to 68.44 µg/mL. The present results demonstrate that POE is an effective natural antioxidant supplement for protecting cellular membranes against oxidative damage and inhibiting hepatoma cell proliferation.
QUALITY AND OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF AUSTRALIAN OLIVE OIL ACCORDING TO HARVEST DATE AND IRRIGATION
Authors: AYTON JAMIE , MAILER RODNEY J. , HAIGH ANTHONY , TRONSON DEIRDRE , CONLAN DAMIAN 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT Harvest time plays a key role in the quality and oxidative stability of olive oil. Olive producers can control oil quality by using appropriate harvest times. Fruits from three olive cultivars, Corregiolla, Mission and Paragon growing in the southwestern region of New South Wales, Australia, were harvested at six different times during the season, over 3 years and immediately processed in a laboratory scale mill. The oils were then analyzed for total polyphenol content, induction time, chlorophyll content and fatty acid profile. The maturity index of the fruit was also determined. Most parameters measured, including polyphenols, induction time and fatty acids, showed a significant year effect. Cultivar effects were also apparent with total polyphenols content in cv. Mission being consistently higher than in the other cultivars studied. There was a strong interaction between the parameters studied, particularly between total polyphenol content and induction time, with high polyphenol content increasing oil oxidative stability. The fatty acid profiles of the oils were found to be strongly influenced by the growing season. Generally, as the fruit matured, the oil became less stable due to decreasing total polyphenol content, increasing polyunsaturates (mainly linoleic acid), and decreasing chlorophyll content.
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF ORIGANUM SIPYLEUM L. EXTRACT, AND ITS ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: OZKAN GULCAN , SAGDIC OSMAN , EKICI LUTFIYE , OZTURK ISMET , OZCAN M. MUSA 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT The flowers of Origanum sipyleum L., which is an endemic species in Turkey, are traditionally used as a beverage and medicinal tea. The extract was analyzed by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography. The main phenolic compounds of O. sipyleum contained 6.81 ± 1.95, 3.94 ± 1.65, 6.78 ± 1.53, 6.71 ± 1.01, 4.95 ± 3.30, 870.22 ± 82.66, 19.47 ± 1.77 and 1017.33 ± 93.06 mg/100 g herb of apigenin, caffeic acid, carvacrol (phenolic monoterpene), hesperidin, naringenin, rosmarinic acid, rutin and vitexin, respectively. However, acecetin, apigenin 7‐glucoside, carnosic acid, eriodictyol, gallic acid, genistin, luteolin and naringin were not determined. In this study, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of O. sipyleum extract were determined, and their phenolics identified. Total phenolics, scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and the antioxidant capacity by the formation of phosphomolybdenum complex of the extract were determined. The phenolic content was 226.66 ± 1.18 mg gallic acid equivalents/g in the dried extract. At 100‐ppm concentration, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of extract was 73.98 ± 2.66%. The antioxidant capacity of the extract was 335.33 ± 2.87 mg/g. This extract was investigated for its antibacterial activity by using agar diffusion method against 15 species of bacteria. Statistical differences within the bacteria were significant at P < 0.05. The extract was effective against all the bacteria tested, except for Yersinia enterocolitica.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSDietary phenolic compounds have generally been considered as non‐nutritive substances, and their possible benefit to human health has recently been considered. There is now much interest in the biological effects of phenolic compounds since evidence was found that diets rich in fruit, vegetables, spice and herbs appear to protect against cardiovascular disease, some forms of cancer and degenerative health factors associated with aging. Nowadays, the consumption of foods rich in phytochemicals like herbs and spices is regarded as important and good for health. Phytochemicals are not absolutely required to be part of the diet, but may confer health benefits such as antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The bioactivity of O. sipyleum identified in this study has great potential for human and animal health because of its broad‐range antibacterial activity against some bacteria and antioxidant capacity.
OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF NATURAL AND CHEMICALLY INTERESTERIFIED COTTONSEED, PALM AND SOYBEAN OILS
Authors: BASTURK AYHAN , JAVIDIPOUR ISSA , BOYACI ISMAIL H. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT The effect of interesterification on oxidative stability of cottonseed, palm and soybean oils stored under oven conditions at 45, 60 and 75C was evaluated by measuring the peroxide values (PV), anisidine values (AV) and Totox values at different time intervals. Fatty acid composition and tocopherol contents of oil samples were determined before and after interesterification. Interesterification reduced the tocopherol content of oils. The interesterified oils showed lower PV and AV than their non‐interesterified counterparts in all temperatures and time intervals. The primary and secondary oxidation reaction constants and reaction orders were investigated as a function of the reaction temperature. The interesterified oils showed lower reaction rate constants than the non‐interesterified samples. Based on PV, AV and reaction rate constants, the oxidative stability of interesterified oils were higher than their non‐interesterified counterparts. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe actual shelf‐life of oils can be evaluated by following the deterioration process as a function of time and temperature. Kinetic models were predicted for further estimation of oxidation rate of natural and interesterified oils. It was observed that the reaction order dramatically decreased from first order to zero order as the reaction temperature increased from 45 to 75C. It means that the oxidation process is more concentration dependent at lower temperatures. However, according to our observations, reducing the tocopherol content during interesterification does not inversely affect the oxidative stability of cottonseed, palm and soybean oils, but interesterification reduces the nutritional value of oils. α‐Tocopherol has the highest vitamin E activity. Tocopherol supplementation of interesterified oils with equal amounts of eliminated tocopherols can be applied by related industries. Tocopherol loss is the most important and probably the only known disadvantage of chemical interesterification.
EVOLUTION AND PETROLEUM POTENTIAL OF WESTERN GREECE
Authors: Karakitsios V. , Rigakis N. 
Published: June 2007

This paper reviews previous data on the geological evolution of Western Greece, with special emphasis on the petroleum potential of the Pre‐Apulian zone (including new data) and the Ionian zone, the two most external portions of the Hellenide fold‐and‐thrust belt. From the Triassic to the Late Cretaceous, Western Greece constituted part of the southern passive margin of Tethys, and siliceous facies are widely associated with organic‐carbon rich deposits. Pelagic Late Jurassic units rich in marine organic matter constitute important hydrocarbon source rocks in the pelagic‐neritic Pre‐Apulian zone succession. Oil‐oil correlation with an Apulian zone oil sample (from Aquila, Italy) indicates similar geochemical characteristics. Thus, the significant volumes of oil generated by the rich and mature source rock intervals identified in the Pre‐Apulian zone are likewise expected to be of good quality. In the Ionian zone, four organic‐carbon rich intervals with hydrocarbon potential have been recorded.The tectonic history of the Pre‐Apulian zone, which is characterised by the presence of large anticlines, is favourable for the formation of structural traps. By contrast, locations suitable for the entrapment of hydrocarbons in the Ionian zone are restricted to small anticlines within largerscale synclinal structures. Hydrocarbon traps may potentially be present at the tectonic contacts between the Ionian zone and both the Pre‐Apulian and Gavrovo zones. Major traps may also have been formed between the pre‐evaporitic basement and the evaporite‐dominated units at the base of both the Pre‐Apulian and the Ionian zone successions. The degree of participation of the subevaporitic basement in the deformation of the Pre‐Apulian and Ionian sedimentary cover will determine the location and size of these traps.Various scenarios regarding the deformation of the sub‐evaporitic succession are examined in order to determine the hydrocarbon trapping possibilities of each model. The hypothesis of continental subduction (Early to Late Miocene) of the shared pre‐evaporitic basement of the Pre‐Apulian and Ionian zone eastwards of the Ionian zone is regarded favourably, as it appears to be compatible with the presence of a Phyllite ‐ Quartzite ‐ dominated (HP/LT) metamorphic unit beneath the Gavrovo‐Tripolis zone carbonates in Peloponnesus and Crete.
GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NATURAL GAS AT GIANT ACCUMULATIONS IN CHINA
Authors: Dai J. , Li J. , Ding W. , Hu G. , Luo X. , Hou L. , Tao S. , Zhang W. , Zhu G. 
Published: June 2007

A total of six giant gasfields each with proven reserves of more than 100 billion cubic metres are present in the Ordos and Tarim Basins, China. The gasfields are Sulige, Yulin, Wushenqi, Da'niudi and Jingbian in the Ordos Basin, and Kela 2 in the Tarim Basin. In this paper, we report on the geochemical characteristics of the natural gas at these fields based on studies of gas composition (150 samples), together with stable isotope data (143 samples) and helium isotope data (21 samples). Results show that the gases have high contents of C1‐4 alkanes (generally over 90%) and minor contents of CO2 (below 3%). The generally high δ13C values of C1‐C4 hydrocarbons indicates a significant contribution from humic source rocks such as Permian‐Carboniferous and Mid‐Lower Jurassic coal measures. δ13 C1, δ13C2, δ13C3 and δ13C4 values for gases in Upper Palaeozoic reservoirs were ‐35 to ‐32‰, ‐28 to ‐24‰, ‐27 to ‐24‰, and ‐23.5 to ‐22‰, respectively. The δ13CiC4 value is higher than that of the δ13CnC4•He3/He4 ratios vary from 10‐7 to 10‐8, indicating that the helium is of crustal (as opposed to mantle) origin. The CH4/ He3 ratio is 1010 ‐ 1011, indicating that the CH4 is of biogenic origin. None of the data is consistent with an abiogenic origin for gas in the Ordos Basin.
Viable “Haemophilus somnus” Induces Myosin Light-Chain Kinase-Dependent Decrease in Brain Endothelial Cell Monolayer Resistance
Authors: Behling-Kelly E. , McClenahan David , Kim K. S. , Czuprynski C. J. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT“Haemophilus somnus” causes thrombotic meningoencephalitis in cattle. Our laboratory has previously reported thatH. somnushas the ability to adhere to, but not invade, bovine brain endothelial cells (BBEC) in vitro. The goal of this study was to determine ifH. somnusalters brain endothelial cell monolayer integrity in vitro, in a manner that would be expected to contribute to inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS). Monolayer integrity was monitored by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and albumin flux. BBEC incubated withH. somnusunderwent rapid cytoskeletal rearrangement, significant increases in albumin flux, and reductions in TEER. Decreased monolayer TEER was preceded by phosphorylation of the myosin regulatory light chain and was partially dependent on tumor necrosis factor alpha and myosin light-chain kinase but not interleukin-1β. Neither heat-killedH. somnus, formalin-fixedH. somnus, nor purified lipooligosaccharide altered monolayer integrity within a 2-h incubation period, whereas conditioned medium fromH. somnus-treated BBEC caused a modest reduction in TEER. The data from this study support the hypothesis that viableH. somnusalters integrity of the blood-brain barrier by promoting contraction of BBEC and increasing paracellular permeability of the CNS vasculature.
Autoinducer 2 Is Required for Biofilm Growth ofAggregatibacter(Actinobacillus)actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Shao Hanjuan , Lamont Richard J. , Demuth Donald R. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTAutoinducer 2 (AI-2) is required for the growth ofAggregatibacter(Actinobacillus)actinomycetemcomitansin culture under conditions of iron limitation. However, in vivo this organism thrives in a complex multispecies biofilm that forms in the human oral cavity. In this report, we show that adherent growth ofA. actinomycetemcomitanson a saliva-coated surface, but not planktonic growth under iron-replete conditions, is defective in a LuxS-deficient background. Biofilm growth of theluxSmutant exhibited lower total biomass and lower biofilm depth than those for the wild-type strain. Normal biofilm growth of theluxSmutant was restored genetically by introduction of a functional copy ofluxSand biochemically by addition of partially purified AI-2. Furthermore, introduction ofS-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, which restores the metabolism ofS-adenosylmethionine in the absence of LuxS, intoA. actinomycetemcomitansdid not complement theluxSmutation unless AI-2 was added intrans. This suggests that AI-2 itself is required for biofilm growth byA. actinomycetemcomitans. A biofilm growth deficiency similar to that of the LuxS-deficient strain was also observed when a gene encoding the AI-2-interacting protein RbsB or LsrB was inactivated. Biofilm formation byA. actinomycetemcomitanswas virtually eliminated upon inactivation of bothrbsBandlsrB. In addition, biofilm growth by wild-typeA. actinomycetemcomitanswas reduced in the presence of ribose, which competes with AI-2 for binding to RbsB. These results suggest that RbsB and LsrB function as AI-2 receptors inA. actinomycetemcomitansand that the development ofA. actinomycetemcomitansbiofilms requires AI-2.
Protease-Activated Receptor 2 Mediates Human Beta-Defensin 2 and CC Chemokine Ligand 20 mRNA Expression in Response to Proteases Secreted byPorphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Dommisch Henrik , Chung Whasun O. , Rohani Maryam G. , Williams David , Rangarajan Minnie , Curtis Mike A. , Dale Beverly A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThe oral pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalissecretes proteases such as Arg-gingipain B (RgpB) that activate protease-activated receptors (PARs). Human beta-defensins (hBDs) and the macrophage inflammatory protein 3α/CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) produced by epithelial cells are antimicrobial peptides that provide cytokine function and play an important role in innate immunity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether specific members of the PAR family mediate the expression of these innate immunity markers in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) when exposed toP. gingivaliscell-free culture supernatant or purified RgpB. hBD-2 mRNA in GECs was induced in response to supernatant and purified RgpB fromP. gingivalis(P= 0.02 andP= 0.016, respectively). This effect was abrogated by the protease inhibitor tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) (P< 0.05). In response toP. gingivalissupernatant and to purified RgpB, the hBD-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in PAR-2 gene knockdown cells, whereas no change was detected in PAR-1 gene knockdown cells. CCL20 mRNA expression also increased in response to the supernatant ofP. gingivalis, and this effect was blocked by the protease inhibitor, TLCK (P= 0.05 andP= 0.024, respectively), and was blocked in PAR-2 gene knockdown cells. Our data indicate that hBD-2 and CCL20 mRNA up-regulation byP. gingivalissupernatant and purified RgpB was mediated via PAR-2, but not via PAR-1, and that proteases play a role in the regulation of innate immune responses in GECs. GECs use PARs to recognizeP. gingivalisand mediate cell responses involved in innate immunity.