bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The provision of promotive and preventative healthcare services by private primary care physicians in the era of the national health insurance program
Authors: Artha Ketut Ary Diana , Suarjana I Ketut , Januraga Pande Putu 
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: In addition to their duties in addressing the curative and rehabilitative needs of the community, private primary care physicians (PCP) play an important role in providing promotive and preventative healthcare services. This study aims to determine the behaviours, enabling and inhibiting factors involved with the provision of promotive and preventative services by PCP in the era of national health insurance (JKN) implementation.
Methods: This research is a mix method study using a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative surveys were conducted with all PCPs already in working collaboration with the Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) in the Denpasar City area (61 people). Data analysis techniques used descriptive techniques in order to explore the kinds of promotion and preventative services provided by PCPs. Qualitative research was conducted through in-depth interviews of 8 informants selected by purposive sampling and analyzed thematically to discover the enabling and inhibiting factors of the provision of promotive and preventative services by PCPs.
Results: The results showed that 91.8% of PCPs did perform promotive and preventative services in their practice site. PCPs who did not carry out promotive and preventative services demonstrate perceptions, beliefs and motivations categorized as low and weak as well as attitudes that do not support the implementation of such services. Enabling factors of promotion and preventative services by PCPs, include among others, quality of facilities and infrastructure, the receipt of awards from BPJS and capitation systems that benefit physicians financially. Inhibiting factors include a low willingness of the patient to carry out doctor's advice, limitations in the PCPs work time and limited funds to perform preventative/promotive services.
Conclusions: Promotive and preventative services are not being optimally carried out by PCPs in Denpasar. This is due to the low willingness of the patients, the limited time of the doctor, and the limited allocated funds for promotive and preventative services and low capitation.
The role of communication contact in capitation implementation at public health centres in Denpasar
Authors: Purlimaningsih Ni Putu , Suarjana I  Ketut , Januraga Pande Putu 
Published: April 2024

care is the contact between the provider and the recipient (communication contact). Targets set regarding communication contacts are often not achieved which in turn results in consequent cuts in the capitation rates received by the public health centres (PHCs). The purpose of this research is to understand the implementation, inhibiting and enabling factors of supporting communication contact in the era of National Health Insurance (Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional/JKN).
Methods: This study used a qualitative explorative design through in-depth interviews and focus group discussion (FGD) with 22 informants consisting of heads of PHCs, PHCs staff, Head of Denpasar Health Office, Head of Social Security Administering Agency (BPJS) Denpasar Branch and JKN members. This research was conducted at 11 PHCs in Denpasar City from April to July 2017. The informants were chosen purposively and the data were analysed thematically to explore aspects of implementation, the inhibiting and enabling factors of communication contact.
Results: Communication contacts can be assessed both inside and outside the PHCs buildings. The inhibiting factor of communication contact implementation related to difference in understanding of the concept of PHCs working area, the absence of a standard operational procedure (SOP) for communication contact, heavy workload of PHCs service providers, lack of optimal means of supporting application of pcare convoluted and confusing information from BPJS, and lack of understanding from JKN enrolees on the particulars of the administration and desire for speedy service. Supporting factors are the availability of media, training and orientation for the implementing staff and the feedback from BPJS to PHCs staff. Driving factors are the effective authority of the PHCs head, commitment and motivation from government agencies and cross-sectoral support.
Conclusions: Implementation of communication contact is influenced by both inhibiting and enabling factors, from the BPJS stakeholders and the members of the BPJS. Achieving the target of communication contact requires synergy of central government policy and BPJS managers.
The Relationship between Inpatient Expectations of Staff Responsiveness and Empathy with Inpatient Satisfaction at Wangaya District Hospital Denpasar
Authors: Wira Dwidyaniti , Suarjana I Ketut , Wijaya I Putu Ganda 
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: The evaluation of quality of service within inpatient and outpatient services is very critical to be done. This research aims to explore the relationship between inpatient expectations of the quality of nursing service and inpatient satisfaction, in the third-class ward Wangaya District General Hospital, Denpasar.
Methods: This research was a quantitative study using cross-sectional design. A sample of 111 were selected by simple random sampling. The data was analysed by using univariate, bivariate, and multivariate analysis with logistic regression.
Results: The analysis indicated that the level of actual satisfaction compared to inpatient expectations was as low as 45%. Perception of responsiveness with OR=2.404 (95%CI: 1.076–5.373) and perception of empathy with OR=2.594 (95%CI: 1.165-5.779) had a significant relationship with inpatient satisfaction.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the patient satisfaction rate is moderate and found to have significant correlation with perceptions of responsiveness and empathy.
The Relationship between Pharmaceutical Services and Satisfaction of Customers Accessing Pharmacy Services in Denpasar
Authors: Arimbawa Eka , Suarjana Ketut , Wijaya I Putu Ganda 
Published: April 2024

Background and purpose: Pharmaceutical care has been shifted from product or drug oriented paradigm into patient oriented to ensure that every customer will be able get the most effective medication. This research aims to explore the relationship between pharmaceutical services and satisfaction of customers accessing the pharmacy services in Denpasar.
Methods: This research was analytic study using cross sectional design. The samples consisted of 116 customers taken from 20 pharmacies at Denpasar. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data was analyzed using logistic regression.
Results: The analysis indicated that the level of customer satisfaction was 46.55%. There was a significant relationship between aspects of pharmaceutical services like pharmacy appearance (OR=12.819, 95%CI: 2.791-58.870), drug information services (OR=16.157, 95%CI: 3.279-79.620), the availability of drugs (OR=6.811, 95%CI: 1.571-29.460), and speed of service (OR=43.432, 95%CI: 7.197-262.095) with satisfaction levels of customers accessing the pharmacyservices.
Conclusion: It is recommended that there is an upgrade of facilities in order to enhance customer satisfaction including an increase in staff numbers attending to customers that are able to provide adequate information so as to optimize service provision.
Risk Factors of Pulmonary Smear Positive Tuberculosis Incidence in Dili District Timor Leste 2014
Authors: Guterres Jacinta dos Santos , Wulandari Luh Putu Lila , Wirawan Dewa Nyoman 
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives: According to the WHO, the pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in Timor-Leste is estimated to have the highest mortality rate in the region which is 45 per 100,000 populations. The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for pulmonary tuberculosis in the Dili District.
Methods: The study design was a case-control. Cases were patients with positive BTA pulmonary tuberculosis, and controls were non TB patients registered at two TB clinics (Motael and Bairro-Pite) and the three public health centers (Comoro, Formosa and Becora) in Dili, July 2013 - February 2014. Numbers of samples were 138 people consisting of 46 cases and 92 controls (1:2). Risk factors studied were smoking habits, contact with patients, nutritional status, family income, population density, sun lighting, ventilation and the use of firewood for cooking. Data were collected through interviews, observation and measurement. Bivariate analysis was performed to determine the similarity between cases and controls and to calculate the crude OR. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression was performed to determine adjusted risk factors that contribute to the increasing TB patients.
Results: There were no significant differences between cases and control groups in age, gender, education and occupation (p>0.05). Bivariate analysis showed that the risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis were the contact with patients (OR=2.809; 95%CI: 1.337-5.900), nutritional status (OR=2.380; 95%CI: 1.096-5.169), the sun lighting (OR=8.090; 95%CI: 3.468-18.872) and ventilation (OR=6.141; 95%CI: 2.709-13.924). Multivariate analysis showed that the significant risk factors were the contact with patients (OR=3.428; 95%CI: 1.455-8.075) and exposure to sunlight (OR=4.601; 95% CI: 1.336-15.845).
Conclusion: The contact with patients and the exposure to sunlight were the risk factors for pulmonary TB of positive BTA at the Dili District of Timor Leste.
A study on the impact of digital financial inclusion on inclusive growth in China: The mediating effect of innovation
Authors: Wang Qian , Yu Han-Hsing 
Published: April 2024

This study empirically explores the impact, regional variations and transmission mechanisms of digital financial inclusion on inclusive growth. A provincial panel dataset encompassing 31 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021 was collected from the wind database, the China statistical yearbook and the China regional financial operation report to analyze the relationship between digital financial inclusion and inclusive growth by using individual fixed effects and mediating effects. This study reveals that digital financial inclusion significantly influences the growth of China’s east, central, west regions and economic growth, income distribution and opportunity equality. Moreover, digital financial inclusion can enhance inclusive growth through the transmission mechanism of innovation. Developing digital financial inclusion, comprising coverage breadth, usage depth and digital level will promote the level of inclusive growth in China. Meanwhile, the increasing level of innovation, especially the number of invention patents can support digital financial inclusion by fostering inclusive growth. The study focuses on Chinese provinces and reliance on a specific timeframe (from 2011 to 2021) might limit the generalizability of the findings. The implications for broader economic contexts need further exploration. Accelerating progress towards inclusive growth can be achieved by fostering the development of digital financial inclusion and elevating the level of innovation. This study contributes by highlighting the positive relationship between digital financial inclusion, regional disparities and its impact on inclusive growth, emphasizing the role of innovation in this relationship and suggesting policy directions for achieving inclusive growth.
Gestão de pessoas e educação ambiental como pressupostos ao desenvolvimento empresarial e social
Authors: Alves Rodrigo Antonio Rodrigues , Rodrigues Domingos Benedetti , Mera Claudia Maria Prudêncio de , Peranzoni Vaneza Cauduro , Silva Daniela da , Menezes Luana Possamai , Agnolin Fernanda Marques Milesi , Silva Joice Nara Rosa , Palmeiro Paolo Gomes , Herter Cátia da Silva 
Published: April 2024

O presente artigo aborda a gestão de pessoas e a educação ambiental, como sendo pressupostos ao desenvolvimento empresarial e social. Justifica-se a importância da temática, pois as questões de meio ambiente pouco tem sido objeto da formação e qualificação dos gestores de pessoas das organizações empresariais e sociais da atualidade. Pela necessidade urgente do desenvolvimento sustentável e pelas determinações legais internacionais e brasileiras, a educação ambiental passa a ser parte integrante na formação dos gestores de pessoas. O objetivo geral é demonstrar que a gestão de pessoas sob o enfoque da educação ambiental, se constitui em pressupostos contemporâneos favoráveis ao desenvolvimento empresarial e social e a emancipação humana. A metodologia empregada para a realização da pesquisa, consiste no método dedutivo e no método auxiliar histórico. Quanto a sua natureza, ela é descritiva e bibliográfica e quanto as suas técnicas, é qualitativa e teórica. Administração de recursos humanos, no Brasil, precisa evoluir de acordo com fatos políticos, econômicos e sociais de cada época. A gestão estratégica de pessoas na atualidade, principalmente em decorrência do desenvolvimento das organizações e de um maior nível de complexidade do mercado de trabalho, necessita a inclusão das questões de meio ambiente, que envolve as organizações, a qual passou a exigir um contínuo processo de formação dos gestores de pessoas numa visão de emancipação profissional. Para tanto, o processo de formação-emancipação do gestor de pessoas, das pessoas e dos consumidores/cidadãos, deve ser permanente e de acordo com as novas demandas ambientais, direitos e obrigações que vão surgindo, para que a sociedade possa desenvolver-se de forma sustentável e duradoura a partir do seu lugar.
Isolation and Characterization of Antibiotic producing Lysobacter
Authors: Cheema Nimra , Qureshi Asma Waheed 
Published: April 2024

Lysobacter species, known for their cosmopolitan distribution across diverse habitats, are promising sources of antibiotics and bioactive compounds. They showcase lytic activity against a wide range of microorganisms including human pathogens. Objective: To isolate and characterize the antibiotic producing Lysobacter bacteria. Methods: A total of 51 rhizosphere soil samples were collected from district Sialkot. The duration of this study was 7 months from April to October 2022. Out of these samples 18 antibiotics producing Lysobacter bacteria were isolated. These isolates were characterized morphologically and biochemically by standard methods. Antibiotic activity of Lysobacter was evaluated against gram negative and positive pathogenic bacteria. Four pathogens i.e., E. coli, S. aureus, S. typhi and P. vulgaris were used in this study to evaluate antibiotic activity of Lysobacter. Results: The most sensitive pathogen towards antibiotics produced by Lysobacter isolates was E. coli while the P. vulgaris showed some resistance. All antibiotics producing Lysobacter isolates were gram negative and rod shaped. The colonies of isolates were circular, mucoid and color ranges from cream white to pale yellow. All strains were catalase and oxidase positive except S14 that was oxidase negative. Conclusions: The results of this study revealed that the antibiotics producing Lysobacter isolate are effective inhibitors for both gram negative and gram positive human pathogens.
Article: View on Regulations Concerning Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) Service in Civil Aviation
Authors: Petrović Goran 
Published: April 2024

This article presents the overall regulatory environment related to the provision of Communication, Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) services in civil aviation. Through the evolution of international standards established by the Chicago Convention and through the development of CNS services, insight was given into the importance ofCNSservices in ensuring safe and efficient air traffic.The functions of the CNS system are presented and explained, as well as the key contribution of international organizations such as ICAO and International Telecommination Union (ITU) in the development of these services.

Through research on the complexity of CNS services, the evolution in the past decades, the text explains the legal aspects related to civil aviation, but also international telecommunications and space activities that are related to civil aviation. The legal framework that regulates space activities, that is, the use of satellites in air traffic management, is especially covered. airspace (CNS/ATM). ICAO initiatives are additionally addressed, particularly the integration of satellite technology through Future Air Navigation Systems (FANS) and the legal significance of resolutions such as A32-19 on Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) services from the 1998 Rio Conference.
The narrative further examines the implementation of CNS/ATM concepts, legal considerations in air-ground communications, harmonization efforts, and the consolidation of resolutions for effective global implementation. The text concludes by highlighting ICAO’s ongoing commitment to align technological advancements with legal frameworks, promoting the seamless utilization of CNS/ATM systems worldwide. The significance of regional and national regulations, with a focus on European CNS regulations, is underscored for enhancing air traffic safety and fostering the development of CNS services.
CNS Services, Chicago Convention, ICAO international standards, Annex 10, ICAO resolutions, CNS/ATM, ITU, FANS, GNSS, regional and national regulations
Article: The Application of an Emission Trade Scheme in the Indian Aviation Sector
Authors: Sen Nilanjan , Ahuja Sumeir , Dutta Shubhamay , Chaudhary Kunal 
Published: April 2024

This article ponders over the applicability of EU-ETS influenced schemes in the Indian Aviation Sector. In the first three sections it discusses the various policies of the Indian government for ensuring sustainable development. While mentioning these schemes, the authors underscore that these policies are not sufficient to keep a check on the emissions from the rapidly growing aviation sector and there is a need for a policy on the lines of EU’s ‘trade and cap’ principle to ensure sustainable development of the sector. A ‘trade and cap’ policy can ensure active participation of government and private entities in the sector, whereas such a policy can increase investment in sustainability and reduction of emissions. In the following sections, the authors, while dissecting the policy governing the European Union Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), highlight pros and cons of the system and how it can be applied in the Indian aviation sector. The paper also dwells into the trade and cap policies already implemented by India, such as in the chemical industry. Finally, measures will be suggested which should be included in a trade and cap policy for the Indian aviation sector in order to achieve a significant and holistic growth of the sector while keeping environmental goals in mind. Also, airlines should be incentivized to invest in sustainable techniques and contribute substantially to the reduction cumulative sectoral emissions.
India, Aviation, Sustainability, Trade and Cap, CORSIA, EU-ETS
Article: Competition on the Merits
Authors: Colomo Pablo Ibáñez 
Published: April 2024

This article examines the meaning and contemporary relevance of the notion of competition on the merits in Article 102 TFEU case law. It also considers whether a finding of abuse presupposes that a practice is “abnormal” or amounts to a “wrongful act”. The analysis identifies friction between the old and the most recent case law. This friction was exposed in Servizio Elettrico Nazionale. Seminal rulings such as Hoffmann-La Roche, where the notion of competition on the merits was introduced, are grounded on the assumption that it is possible to distinguish, ex ante and in the abstract, between lawful and unlawful conduct. The case law that followed moved away from these ideas and clarified that whether or not a practice amounts to an abuse is typically a context-dependent inquiry.Against this background, the article provides a structure that reconciles the old and the newstrands of case law and shows that there is a place for competition on the merits within Article 102TFEU.
Competition on the merits, Article 102 TFEU, unlawful conduct, abuse of dominant position
Article: Legal Certainty in Tax and Customs Judgments of the Court of Justice
Authors: Lasiński-Sulecki Krzysztof 
Published: April 2024

Legal certainty is one of the general principles of European Union law. It is common to the Member States’ constitutional orders. It is of utmost importance in the spheres of tax and customs law where the application of legal rules entails financial consequences. The understanding and significance of this principle have been developed since the early case-law of the Court of Justice. Delineating its precise scope of application reveals certain inconsistencies that are worthy of analysis.
general principles, legal certainty, legitimate expectations, directive, linguistic interpretation, multilingualism, vacation legis, retroactivity, abuse of law, fraud
Regulating Industrial Emissions, Water Management or Aquatic Biodiversity? Navigating the Evolving European Legal Landscape on Waters
Authors: Paloniitty Tiina , Kaavi Susanna , Yuan Li 
Published: April 2024

The EU Green Deal has direct and indirect impact on EU environmental law. We examine the future of EU regulatory activity on waters in this era from the viewpoint of industrial water pollution. We simultaneously explore the feasibility of Gunningham’s classic categorization of environmental law, regulation, and governance in the novel reality created by Green Deal and Nature Restoration Law (NRL). In the EU, the relations between the regulation (Water Framework Directive, WFD) and law (Industrial Emissions Directive) (IED) layers have been particularly tense. Although the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has attempted to clarify the situation, significant diversity remains at the Member States level, as our account from two Member States, Finland and Germany, illustrate. Though the EU has opted for and continues to embrace integrated and holistic water management integrated water resources management (IWRM), it would also be possible to adopt other regulatory strategies. An example of this, and of collaborative governance, is China, where the River Chief System (RCS) has moved on from IWRM. The EU’s chosen path seems, however, to lie elsewhere, as our function analysis of the proposed NRL shows. Through the NRL, the EU regulator declares to ‘fill the gaps’ of the WFD. This new reality of EU ‘aquatic biodiversity governance’ seems to create another layer in the traditional categorization of environmental law and governance, where all pre-existing EU environmental law is harnessed to combat (aquatic) biodiversity loss. Instead of managing waters, the NRL seeks to perfect the WFD but does not address its shortcomings, leaving room for concern.
Nature Restoration Law, Water Framework Directive, River Chief System, Industrial Emissions Directive, biodiversity, water law