bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase III Study Comparing Exemestane With Tamoxifen As First-Line Hormonal Treatment of Metastatic Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women: The European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Breast Cancer Cooperative Group
Authors: Paridaens Robert J. , Dirix Luc Y. , Beex Louk V. , Nooij Marianne , Cameron David A. , Cufer Tanja , Piccart Martine J. , Bogaerts Jan , Therasse Patrick 
Published: September 2008

Purpose This phase III randomized open-label clinical trial was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the steroidal aromatase inactivator exemestane versus the antiestrogen tamoxifen as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer (MBC) in postmenopausal women. Patients and Methods The study was conducted at 81 centers and enrolled postmenopausal patients with measurable hormone-sensitive metastatic or locally advanced breast cancer. Prior adjuvant chemotherapy and/or tamoxifen were allowed. One previous chemotherapy regimen and no prior hormone therapy for advanced disease were permitted. Patients were randomly assigned to receive exemestane 25 mg or tamoxifen 20 mg orally once daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity occurred. Results A total of 371 patients enrolled at 79 sites (182 exemestane, 189 tamoxifen) were included in the analysis. Both treatments were generally well tolerated without major toxicity. Overall response rate was greater for exemestane than for tamoxifen treatment (46% v 31%; odds ratio = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.21 to 2.82; P = .005). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was longer with exemestane (9.9 months; 95% CI, 8.7 to 11.8 months) than with tamoxifen (5.8 months; 95% CI, 5.3 to 8.1 months). However, these early differences (Wilcoxon P = .028) did not translate to a longer-term benefit in PFS, the primary study end point (log-rank P = .121). There was also no difference in survival between both study arms. Conclusion Exemestane is an effective and well-tolerated first-line hormonal treatment for postmenopausal women with MBC and offers significant early improvement in time to tumor progression when compared with tamoxifen.
Occurrence of Autoantibodies to Annexin I, 14-3-3 Theta and LAMR1 in Prediagnostic Lung Cancer Sera
Authors: Qiu Ji , Choi Gina , Li Lin , Wang Hong , Pitteri Sharon J. , Pereira-Faca Sandra R. , Krasnoselsky Alexei L. , Randolph Timothy W. , Omenn Gilbert S. , Edelstein Cim , Barnett Matt J. , Thornquist Mark D. , Goodman Gary E. , Brenner Dean E. , Feng Ziding , Hanash Samir M. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeWe have implemented a high throughput platform for quantitative analysis of serum autoantibodies, which we have applied to lung cancer for discovery of novel antigens and for validation in prediagnostic sera of autoantibodies to antigens previously defined based on analysis of sera collected at the time of diagnosis.Materials and MethodsProteins from human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 lysates were subjected to extensive fractionation. The resulting 1,824 fractions were spotted in duplicate on nitrocellulose-coated slides. The microarrays produced were used in a blinded validation study to determine whether annexin I, PGP9.5, and 14-3-3 theta antigens previously found to be targets of autoantibodies in newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer are associated with autoantibodies in sera collected at the presymptomatic stage and to determine whether additional antigens may be identified in prediagnostic sera. Individual sera collected from 85 patients within 1 year before a diagnosis of lung cancer and 85 matched controls from the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial (CARET) cohort were hybridized to individual microarrays.ResultsWe present evidence for the occurrence in lung cancer sera of autoantibodies to annexin I, 14-3-3 theta, and a novel lung cancer antigen, LAMR1, which precede onset of symptoms and diagnosis.ConclusionOur findings suggest potential utility of an approach to diagnosis of lung cancer before onset of symptoms that includes screening for autoantibodies to defined antigens.
EGFR Mutations Predict Survival Benefit From Gefitinib in Patients With Advanced Lung Adenocarcinoma: A Historical Comparison of Patients Treated Before and After Gefitinib Approval in Japan
Authors: Takano Toshimi , Fukui Tomoya , Ohe Yuichiro , Tsuta Koji , Yamamoto Seiichiro , Nokihara Hiroshi , Yamamoto Noboru , Sekine Ikuo , Kunitoh Hideo , Furuta Koh , Tamura Tomohide 
Published: September 2008

Purpose This study evaluated whether the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations is a predictive marker for survival benefit from gefitinib and/or a prognostic marker in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma. Patients and Methods Overall survival (OS) was compared between patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma who began first-line systemic therapy before and after gefitinib approval in Japan (January 1999 to July 2001 and July 2002 to December 2004, respectively). Deletional mutations in exon 19 or the L858R mutation in exon 21 of EGFR were evaluated using high-resolution melting analysis. Results EGFR mutations were detected in 136 (41%) of the 330 patients included in this study. OS was significantly longer among the EGFR-mutant patients treated after gefitinib approval compared with the OS of patients treated before gefitinib approval (median survival time [MST], 27.2 v 13.6 months, respectively; P < .001), whereas no significant survival improvement was observed in patients without EGFR mutations (MST, 13.2 v 10.4 months, respectively; P = .13). A significant interaction between the presence of EGFR mutations and a survival improvement was seen (P = .045). Among patients treated before gefitinib approval, those with EGFR mutations lived longer than those without EGFR mutations (MST, 13.6 v 10.4 months, respectively; P = .034). The response rates to first-line cytotoxic chemotherapy were not significantly different between patients with and without EGFR mutations (31% v 28%, respectively; P = .50). Conclusion EGFR mutations significantly predict both a survival benefit from gefitinib and a favorable prognosis in patients with advanced lung adenocarcinoma.
Prospective Randomized Study Comparing Docetaxel, Estramustine, and Prednisone With Docetaxel and Prednisone in Metastatic Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer
Authors: Machiels Jean-Pascal , Mazzeo Filomena , Clausse Marylene , Filleul Bertrand , Marcelis Luc , Honhon Brigitte , D’Hondt Lionel , Dopchie Catherine , Verschaeve Vincent , Duck Lionel , Verhoeven Didier , Jousten Peter , Bonny Marie-Alix , Moxhon Anne-Marie , Tombal Bertrand , Kerger Joseph 
Published: September 2008

Purpose To assess the efficacy and toxicity of the addition of estramustine to docetaxel (D) for the treatment of metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Patients and Methods One hundred fifty patients were randomly assigned to D alone (35 mg/m2 on days 2 and 9, every 3 weeks) or D in combination with estramustine (D/E; 280 mg orally three times a day on days 1 to 5 and 8 to 12, every 3 weeks). All patients received prednisone (10 mg/d). The primary end point was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response rate, which was defined as a decrease in PSA ≥ 50% from baseline. The study was powered to test the hypothesis that D/E would improve the PSA response rate by 25%. Results The PSA response rate was not statistically different between the two groups. PSA of less than 4 ng/mL occurred in 29 (41%) of 71 patients receiving D/E and in 17 (25%) of 69 patients receiving D (P = .05). No significant differences were found for median time to PSA progression (D/E, 6.9 months; D, 7.3 months) or median overall survival time (D/E, 19.3 months; D, 21 months). More patients had at least one grade 3 or 4 toxicity with D/E (45%) compared with D (21%; P = .005), mainly as a result of grade 3 or 4 GI toxicity (P = .05). Serious adverse events were more frequent with D/E (n = 20) than with D (n = 9; P = .04). Conclusion The addition of estramustine to weekly D does not provide any clinically relevant advantage. Both regimens are well tolerated, although the toxicity profile favors D without estramustine.
Outcome After Surgical Resections of Recurrent Chest Wall Sarcomas
Authors: Wouters Michael W. , van Geel Albert N. , Nieuwenhuis Lotte , van Tinteren Harm , Verhoef Cees , van Coevorden Frits , Klomp Houke M. 
Published: September 2008

Purpose Sarcomas of the chest wall are rare, and wide surgical resection is generally the cornerstone of treatment. The objective of our study was to evaluate outcome of full-thickness resections of recurrent and primary chest wall sarcomas. Patients and Methods To evaluate morbidity, mortality, and overall and disease-free survival after surgical resection of primary and recurrent chest wall sarcomas, we performed a retrospective review of all patients with sarcomas of the chest wall surgically treated at two tertiary oncologic referral centers between January 1980 and December 2006. Patient, tumor, and treatment characteristics, as well as the follow-up of these patients, were retrieved from the patients’ original records. Results One hundred twenty-seven patients were included in this study, 83 patients with a primary sarcoma and 44 patients with a recurrence. Age, sex, tumor size, histologic type, grade and localization on the chest wall were similar for both groups. Fewer neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies were used in the treatment of recurrences. Chest wall resection was more extensive in the recurrent group, which did not result in more complications (23%) or more reinterventions (5%). Microscopically radical resection was achieved in 80% of the primary sarcomas and 64% of the recurrences. With a median follow-up of 73 months, disease-free survival after surgery for recurrences was 18 months versus 36 months for primary sarcomas, with 5-year survival rates of 50% and 63%, respectively. Conclusion Although chances for local control are lower after surgical treatment of recurrent chest wall sarcoma, chest wall resection is a safe and effective procedure, with an acceptable survival.
Grafting Poly(ethylene glycol) to a Glass Surface via a Photocleavable Linker for Light-induced Cell Micropatterning and Cell Proliferation Control
Authors: Kikuchi Yukiko , Nakanishi Jun , Nakayama Hidekazu , Shimizu Takahiro , Yoshino Yutaro , Yamaguchi Kazuo , Yoshida Yasuhiko , Horiike Yasuhiro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This paper describes a glass substrate having a photocleavable poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) designed for light-induced cell micropatterning. The substrate changed from non-cell-adhesive to cell-adhesive by the photocleavage of PEG. Cellular patterns maintained for more than 17 days, and they were able to be changed to control cell migration and proliferation at multi- and single-cell levels by irradiating their adjacent regions during cell cultivation.
Facile Synthesis of Alkyl 1-Oxo-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylate through Palladium-catalyzed Carboalkoxylation from 2-Bromo-3-phenylinden-1-ones
Authors: Yum Eul Kgun , Park Woul Seong , Kim Se Hoan , Kang Seung Kyu , Kim Sung Soo , Ahn Jin Hee 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Palladium-catalyzed carboalkoxylation of 2-bromo-3-phenylindenones in various alcoholic solvents afforded diverse alkyl 1-oxo-3-phenyl-1H-indene-2-carboxylates in high yields.
Coexistence of S–H···O and N–H···O Blue-shifted Hydrogen Bonds in a Small System: HSO···HNO
Authors: Yang Yong 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Theoretical study indicates that the HSO···HNO complex possesses simultaneously two substantial blue-shifted H bonds: S–H···O and N–H···O. The blue shift of the S(N)–H stretching frequencies is due to an intricate combination of two shortening effects of the electron density decrease in the σ*[S(N)–H] and the rehybridization of spn S(N)–H hybrid orbitals.
Stereospecific Synthesis of sec- and tert-Alkyl Azides from Alcohols and Trimethylsilyl Azide by a New Type of Oxidation–Reduction Condensation Using Phenyl Diphenylphosphinite and Trimethylsilylmethyl Azide
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Kuroda Kiichi , Maruyama Yuji , Hayashi Yujiro 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
A novel method for the preparation of alkyl azides from alcohols and trimethylsilyl azide by a new type of oxidation–reduction condensation using phenyl diphenylphosphinite and trimethylsilylmethyl azide is described. Chiral secondary and tertiary alcohols are converted into the corresponding chiral azides with almost complete inversion of configuration under mild and neutral conditions.
Fabrication of Hollow Platinum Nanospheres as Electrocatalyst for Conductometric Immunoassay of Interleukin-6 in Human Serum
Authors: Liang Ke-Zhong , Mu Wei-Jun 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
This letter describes the preparation of hollow platinum (Pt) nanospheres as electrocatalyst for conductometric immunoassay of interleukin-6 (IL-6), as a model protein, in human serum.
Efficient Computation of Sparse Hessians Using Coloring and Automatic Differentiation
Authors: Gebremedhin Assefaw H. , Tarafdar Arijit , Pothen Alex , Walther Andrea 
Published: September 2008

The computation of a sparse Hessian matrix H using automatic differentiation (AD) can be made efficient using the following four-step procedure: (1) Determine the sparsity structure of H, (2) obtain a seed matrix S that defines a column partition of H using a specialized coloring on the adjacency graph of H, (3) compute the compressed Hessian matrix B ≡ HS, and (4) recover the numerical values of the entries of H from B. The coloring variant used in the second step depends on whether the recovery in the fourth step is direct or indirect: a direct method uses star coloring and an indirect method uses acyclic coloring. In an earlier work, we had designed and implemented effective heuristic algorithms for these two NP-hard coloring problems. Recently, we integrated part of the developed software with the AD tool ADOL-C, which has recently acquired a sparsity detection capability. In this paper, we provide a detailed description and analysis of the recovery algorithms and experimentally demonstrate the efficacy of the coloring techniques in the overall process of computing the Hessian of a given function using ADOL-C as an example of an AD tool. We also present new analytical results on star and acyclic coloring of chordal graphs. The experimental results show that sparsity exploitation via coloring yields enormous savings in runtime and makes the computation of Hessians of very large size feasible. The results also show that evaluating a Hessian via an indirect method is often faster than a direct evaluation. This speedup is achieved without compromising numerical accuracy.
Nucleus-Satellite Analysis and Conjugation Mediation in Coptic and Later Egyptian
Authors: Grossmann Eitan 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The syntactic analysis of the class of elements known as 'preverbal extensions,′ 'conjugation mediators′ or 'preverbals′ is known to be problematic, specifically with regard to nucleus-satellite analysis. In short, it is a matter of debate whether or not the conjugation mediator is to be analyzed as the head of its construction. In the first section of this article, the specific criteria for assessing nuclear status are made explicit, and it is suggested that the conjugation mediators cannot be analyzed as heads or satellites, as for the most part, they do not belong to the verb phrase as such and do not contract a relationship of dependence with the verbal lexeme itself. In the second section, a Demotic construction is analyzed as a pre-Coptic conjugation modifier, closest to Bohairic 'je′. In the third section, some Late Egyptian patterns involving pre-lexemic spatial adverbials are discussed in light of conjugation mediation. The Demotic and Late Egyptian evidence suggests that the phenomenon of conjugation mediation is not an innovation of Coptic, but rather existed as a structural option already in pre-Coptic Egyptian.
A Ramesside Administrative Document (P. Cambridge University Library MS. Add. 4167)
Authors: Hagen Fredrik 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
The article presents a previously unpublished Ramesside administrative papyrus from the Cambridge University Library (P. CUL MS. Add. 4167). The document is a list of food and drink given to various named individuals, mainly controllers and their wives, as well as a stable master, 'by the hand of′ several soldiers. Its social context is not known, but it may be connected with riverbank trading. Photographs, transcription and translation with commentary are included.
Domitian at the Contra-Temple of Karnak
Authors: Klotz David 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
A new translation of the Roman Period inscriptions on the Eighteenth Dynasty contra-temple of Karnak, attached to the rear of the Akh-Menu. These religious texts lead to a reconsideration of the cultic function of this and other contra-temples, previously considered exclusively as locations for popular worship. The inscriptions from the reign of Domitian are primarily solar, associating the contra-temple with the nearby horned altar, sole obelisk, and East temple of Ramesses II, in the section of Karnak called ′the Benben temple.′ The form of Amun in this section was simultaneously ,Amun who hears prayers′ and the newly reborn sundisk who massacres his enemies in the Eastern horizon. The dual role of Amun as healer and punisher (i. e. ,Good Ka, Bad Ka′) combines Heliopolitan theology with the traditional role of gates as places for administering justice, appropriate for the one location where Amun of Karnak could approach the masses, both the faithful and the wicked.
Ambiguous Speech and Eloquent Silence: The Queerness of Tchaikovsky's Songs
Authors: Bullock Philip Ross 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThis article considers a number of Tchaikovsky's songs—specifically those with texts by Apukhtin, Romanov, Heine, Goethe, and Tchaikovsky himself—to explore how silence constitutes a powerful yet elusive form of expression. It argues that Tchaikovsky's songs, an underappreciated and underexplored aspect of his output (at least in the West), are characterized by a degree of literary and musical sophistication seldom attributed to the composer. Their self-consciousness is held to be the product of a combination of three main social and aesthetic forces characteristic of Russian culture in the second half of the nineteenth century. Drawing first on the work of Bakhtin, the article argues that the nature of Tchaikovsky's songs as lyric forms in an age dominated by the realist novel invests them with a creative tension between the need to conceal (an imperative inherited from the lyric poetry of the 1820s and 1830s) and the need to reveal (a feature of the novel's tendency to intimacy and confession). Then, turning to the work of Foucault, it traces how a coherent discourse of homosexual identity (as opposed to an otherwise unrelated series of individual homosexual acts) arose in the later nineteenth century, forcing queer artists to address (whether consciously or otherwise) the question of how best to relate this identity to their creativity. Finally, it looks at the evolving status of the artist in late Imperial Russia and suggests that an uneasy relationship between revealing and concealing was imposed upon personalities in the public eye by an audience that wished to feel close to the artist, yet also required discretion and the avoidance of scandal.At the heart of the article lies a study of silence as a particularly expressive form of apparent non-expression, dealing with frequent instances in Tchaikovsky's songs of silence as a poetic trope, as well as with equivocation on matters of gender and identity in lyric forms as indicative of a potentially queer sensibility. Also, the article refuses to reimpose a categorically and reductively homosexual reading, posited on some presumed opposed heterosexual norm. Rather, it argues that Tchaikovsky was able to discern the peculiar appeal of lyric forms as referentially incomplete yet aesthetically self-sufficient fragments, and that he approached such lyrics in a way that emphasized qualities of ambiguity, allusion, and the uncanny. Although drawing extensively on literary models, the article also considers how music is paradoxically well placed to enact poetic silence. The relationship between words and music, and between composition, performance, and reception, is a further instance of how song became an apt medium in which the thoughtful composer could explore issues of personal and creative identity in an age of profound artistic and social transformation.
Bayesian Comparisons of Codon Substitution Models
Authors: Rodrigue Nicolas , Lartillot Nicolas , Philippe Hervé 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
In 1994, Muse and Gaut (MG) and Goldman and Yang (GY) proposed evolutionary models that recognize the coding structure of the nucleotide sequences under study, by defining a Markovian substitution process with a state space consisting of the 61 sense codons (assuming the universal genetic code). Several variations and extensions to their models have since been proposed, but no general and flexible framework for contrasting the relative performance of alternative approaches has yet been applied. Here, we compute Bayes factors to evaluate the relative merit of several MG and GY styles of codon substitution models, including recent extensions acknowledging heterogeneous nonsynonymous rates across sites, as well as selective effects inducing uneven amino acid or codon preferences. Our results on three real data sets support a logical model construction following the MG formulation, allowing for a flexible account of global amino acid or codon preferences, while maintaining distinct parameters governing overall nucleotide propensities. Through posterior predictive checks, we highlight the importance of such a parameterization. Altogether, the framework presented here suggests a broad modeling project in the MG style, stressing the importance of combining and contrasting available model formulations and grounding developments in a sound probabilistic paradigm.
Owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments in dogs with spinal cord injuries
Authors: Levine Jonathan M. , Budke Christine M. , Levine Gwendolyn J. , Kerwin Sharon C. , Hettlich Bianca F. , Slater Margaret R. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate changes over time in owner-perceived, weighted quality-of-life assessments in dogs with spinal cord injuries and determine whether scores were associated with underlying etiology or with veterinarian-assigned scores for severity of neurologic dysfunction.
Design—Cohort study.
Animals—100 dogs with spinal cord injury.
Procedures—Duration of dysfunction, modified Frankel neurologic injury score, and etiology were recorded. At initial and recheck (4- to 6-week) evaluations, owners were asked to identify 5 areas or activities they believed had the most influence on their dogs' quality of life, assess their dogs' current status in each area, and provide a weighting for the importance of each area; results were used to construct a weighted quality-of-life score. Owners were also asked to provide a quality-of-life score with a visual analog scale (VAS).
Results—At initial and recheck evaluations, weighted quality-of-life scores were higher for ambulatory than for nonambulatory dogs. However, scores did not differ among groups when dogs were grouped on the basis of underlying etiology or duration of injury. Dogs with an increase in Frankel score between the initial and recheck evaluations had a significant increase in weighted quality-of-life score, whereas for dogs that did not have any change in Frankel score, initial and recheck weighted quality-of-life scores were not significantly different.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that owner-assigned, weighted quality-of-life scores for dogs with spinal cord injuries did not vary significantly on the basis of underlying etiology or duration of injury but were higher for ambulatory than for nonambulatory dogs.