bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of microwave heat/moisture treatment on physicochemical properties of Canna edulis Ker starch
Authors: Zhang Juan , Wang Zheng‐Wu , Shi Xian‐Ming 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Microwave heat/moisture treatment (MWT) is being used increasingly in food processing, but very little research has been carried out on its effect on tuber starches. In this study, Canna edulis Ker tuber starch was subjected to MWT with moisture contents ranging from 20 to 45% (w/w), and the effects of MWT on the physicochemical properties of the starch, including the extent of amylose leaching, enzymatic digestibility, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) characteristics, were determined.RESULTS: In the process of MWT, temperature exhibited a positive correlation with microwave power and moisture content. When amylose leaching was used as an index, a moisture content of 40%, a treatment time of 15 min and a microwave power of 800 W were found to be the optimal conditions for MWT of C. edulis starch. The enzymatic digestibility changed under different treatment conditions. Furthermore, XRD measurements revealed a change in crystalline structure from type B to type A and an increased degree of crystallinity. Thermal (DSC) studies showed higher values of To, Tp and Tc of endothermic peaks, and exothermic peaks were also observed.CONCLUSION: MWT increased the degree of crystallinity, resulting in more resistant fractions in C. edulis starch, which will be beneficial to human health. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Production of lipase‐catalyzed solid fat from mustard oil and palm stearin with linoleic acid by response surface methodology
Authors: Alim Abdul Md , Lee Jeung Hee , Lee Ki‐Teak 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Solid fat was produced from mustard oil and palm stearin through lipase‐catalyzed reaction, in which linoleic acid was intentionally incorporated. For optimizing the reaction condition of melting point and ω6/ω3 fatty acids, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed with three reaction variables such as substrate mole ratio of mustard oil (MO) to palm stearin (PS) (X1), reaction temperature (X2) and reaction time (X3).RESULTS: The predictive model for melting point of solid fat was adequate and reproducible due to no significant lack of fit (P = 0.0764), P‐value (0.0037) of the model, and satisfactory level of coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.92). For the ω6/ω3 ratio model, R2 and P‐value were 0.89 and 0.0132, respectively, but lack of fit was significant (P = 0.0389). The melting point of the produced solid fat was affected by substrate mole ratio, whereas reaction temperature and time had no significant effect. The ω6/ω3 ratio of solid fat was influenced by substrate mole ratio and reaction temperature but not by reaction time. Based on ridge analysis, lower ω6/ω3 ratio was predicted by decreasing substrate mole ratio and reaction time, and by increasing reaction temperature.CONCLUSIONS: For producing solid fat with a specific melting point of 34.57 °C, a combination of 1:2 (X1), 65.17 °C (X2) and 21.46 h (X3) was optimized, and the optimization was confirmed under the same reaction conditions. The solid fat contained palmitic (37.8%), linoleic (24.8%), oleic (21.3%), and erucic acid (9.7%), and its solid fat content was 30.3% and 10.3% at 20 and 30 °C, respectively. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis of Polybutadiene Nanocomposites: In situ Polymerization of 1,3‐Butadiene Catalyzed by Phyllosilicate Interlayer Spacing‐Confined Cobalt(II) Phosphine Complexes
Authors: Leone Giuseppe , Boglia Aldo , Bertini Fabio , Canetti Maurizio , Ricci Giovanni 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHeterogeneous phyllosilicate interlayer spacing‐confined cobalt catalysts were prepared by reaction of cobalt phosphine complexes with methylaluminoxane‐modified clay. The catalytic systems obtained were used for the in situ polymerization of 1,3‐butadiene. The polymerization taking place within the silicate galleries separates the pristine layer aggregates, allowing for the design of polybutadiene‐based nanocomposites through the intercalation of the active polymerization centers. Depending on the type of cobalt complex used (i.e., type of phosphine bond to the metal) it is possible to control the microstructure (1,2 content) and the tacticity (percentage of rr, mr and mm triads) of the polymer growing directly in between the inorganic silicate host lamellae.magnified image
Fabrication of Compositional‐Gradient Biodegradable Polymeric Films Showing Self‐Bending Deformation
Authors: Yamazaki Kenichi , Dong Tungalag , Asakawa Naoki , Inoue Yoshio , Yazawa Koji 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA compositional graded film of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) with 4,4′‐thiodiphenol (TDP), in the film thickness direction, was fabricated by self‐diffusing of TDP in the PCL melt. We found out the self‐bending deformation of the gradient film, which bent into a rolled‐up shape by itself. The initial shape of the film was flat when the sample was quenched from the melt. Upon the fast crystallization of PCL, the gradient film bent to the side with low TDP content. Then, after PCL crystallized the film bent to the opposite direction, that is, to the side with high TDP content. This bending to the TDP rich region was induced by not only the crystallization of PCL but also mass transfer due to the diffusion of TDP from TDP rich region to poor region.magnified image
An approximation of the analytic solution of some nonlinear heat transfer in fin and 3D diffusion equations using HAM
Authors: Bararnia H. , Domairry G. , Gorji M. , Rezania A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this article, the approximate solution of nonlinear heat diffusion and heat transfer equation are developed via homotopy analysis method (HAM). This method is a strong and easy‐to‐use analytic tool for investigating nonlinear problems, which does not need small parameters. HAM contains the auxiliary parameter ħ, which provides us with a simple way to adjust and control the convergence region of solution series.By suitable choice of the auxiliary parameter ħ, we can obtain reasonable solutions for large modulus. In this study, we compare HAM results, with those of homotopy perturbation method and the exact solutions. The first differential equation to be solved is a straight fin with a temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity and the second one is the two‐ and three‐dimensional unsteady diffusion problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010
Legendre wavelet method for numerical solutions of partial differential equations
Authors: Liu Nanshan , Lin En‐Bing 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe introduce an orthogonal basis on the square [−1, 1] × [‐1, 1] generated by Legendre polynomials on [−1, 1], and define an associated expression for the expansion of a Riemann integrable function. We describe some properties and derive a uniform convergence theorem. We then present several numerical experiments that indicate that our methods are more efficient and have better convergence results than some other methods. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Maternal health conditions during pregnancy and acute leukemia in children with Down syndrome: A Children's Oncology Group study
Authors: Ognjanovic Simona , Puumala Susan , Spector Logan G. , Smith Franklin O. , Robison Leslie L. , Olshan Andrew F. , Ross Julie A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundChildren with Down syndrome (DS) have about a 20‐fold increased risk of developing leukemia. Early childhood infections may protect against acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) in children with and without DS. We examined whether maternal infections and health conditions during pregnancy were associated with acute leukemia in children with DS.ProcedureWe conducted a case–control study of 158 children with DS and leukemia (including 97 cases with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 61 cases with acute myeloid leukemia (AML)) and 173 children with DS during the period 1997–2002. Maternal interview included information about 14 maternal conditions during gestation that are likely to induce an inflammatory response. We evaluated their prevalence in cases and controls. Five of these were common enough to allow analyses by leukemia subtype.ResultsVaginal bleeding was the most frequent (18% cases, 25% controls) and was associated with a reduced risk (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.33–0.99) for all cases combined. Other variables, while showing a potential trend toward reduced risk had effect estimates, which were imprecise and not statistically significant. In contrast, amniocentesis was marginally associated with an increased risk of AML (OR = 2.06, 95% CI = 0.90–4.69).ConclusionsData from this exploratory investigation suggest that some health conditions during pregnancy may be relevant in childhood leukemogenesis. Larger epidemiological studies and other model systems (animal, clinical studies) may provide a clearer picture of the potential association and mechanisms. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:602–608. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exploiting apoptosis pathways for the treatment of pediatric cancers
Authors: Fulda Simone 
Published: January 2009

AbstractResistance to apoptosis (programmed cell death) is a characteristic feature of human cancers including childhood malignancies. Further, evasion of apoptosis is a frequent cause of treatment resistance, since most anti‐cancer therapies, for example chemo‐ or radiotherapy act primarily by inducing apoptosis in cancer cells. Over the last two decades, the dissection of apoptosis pathways in pediatric tumors has resulted in the identification of many key molecules that may serve as molecular targets for drug discovery. Accordingly, components of the apoptotic cascade are currently exploited for the development of rationally designed molecular targeted therapies. This approach is expected to open new and more effective approaches for the treatment of childhood cancers. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:533–536. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oral iron chelation and the treatment of iron overload in a pediatric hematology center
Authors: Raphael Jean L. , Bernhardt M. Brooke , Mahoney Donald H. , Mueller Brigitta U. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundRecent advances have led to the development of oral iron chelators, which have changed clinical practice. The objective of this study was to descriptively assess the use of one such agent, deferasirox, as standard of care treatment in a large pediatric hematology center.ProcedureWe retrospectively studied all patients at the Texas Children's Hematology Center who were previously or currently treated with deferasirox. We gathered data on demographics, clinical diagnoses, length of time on chronic transfusions, previous use of deferoxamine, adherence to therapy, and reasons for discontinuation. We also assessed changes in serum ferritin, liver function tests, and creatinine for those on deferasirox for a minimum of 12 months.ResultsFifty‐nine patients were studied. Eighty‐one percent of patients treated with deferasirox had a diagnosis of sickle cell disease. The mean baseline ferritin level for our study population was 2,117 ng/ml (range 754–7,211). Fifty‐three percent of patients had been previously treated with deferoxamine. Adherence to oral therapy was documented in 76% of patients. For those on deferasirox for a minimum of 12 months, serum ferritin decreased in 30% of patients (44% of compliant patients, 11% of poorly compliant patients). Changes in creatinine and liver function tests were mild and did not result in long‐term discontinuation of deferasirox in any cases.ConclusionsOutside of controlled clinical trials, deferasirox can be utilized safely as an oral iron chelator in children although adherence to therapy and the complex interaction of factors that contribute to iron overload still present challenges for clinicians. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:616–620. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis masquerading as tuberculosis: A diagnostic dilemma resulting in inappropriate anti‐tubercular therapy
Authors: Sharma Prashant , Dhingra Kajal Kiran , Sural Sumit , Mandal Ashish Kumar , Singh Tejinder 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLangerhans cell histiocytosis is known to mimic many other conditions. We present two patients where anti‐tubercular therapy was instituted when clinical and radiological features suggested tuberculosis. The correct diagnosis of histiocytosis was reached only on further work‐up including immunohistochemistry following un‐responsiveness to treatment. In retrospect it was felt that an inordinately high index of suspicion for tuberculosis, clinical and radiological overlap between the two entities, an urgency to start empirical therapy in a rapidly deteriorating patient and pathological similarities between epithelioid histiocytes and pathologic Langerhans cells led to the diagnostic and therapeutic errors. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;53:111–113. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Butanolysis of 2‐methylbenzenediazonium ions: product distribution, rate constants of product formation, and activation parameters
Authors: Pastoriza‐Gallego M. José , Bravo‐Díaz Carlos 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have determined the product distributions, the rate constants of product formation and substrate loss, and the activation parameters for the butanolysis of 2‐methylbenzenediazonium, 2MBD, tetrafluoroborate in aqueous 1‐Butanol (BuOH) solutions by combining UV–VIS spectroscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and a derivatization protocol that traps unreacted 2MBD as a stable azo dye. BuOH/H2O solutions are miscible over a narrow composition range, but in reverse micelles composed of sodium dodecyl sulfate, SDS, BuOH, and water, are miscible between 45–80%. Two major and two minor dediazoniation products are observed, 2‐cresol, ArOH, 2‐butyl‐tolyl‐ether, ArOBu, and small amounts of 2‐chlorobenzene, ArCl (from HCl added to control solution acidity) and toluene, ArH (a reduction product). Product yields depend on experimental conditions, but quantitative conversion to products is achieved over the entire composition ranges investigated. The observed rate constants, kobs, obtained by monitoring 2MBD loss or by monitoring ArOH or ArOBu formation, are the same and they are only modestly affected by changes in the solution composition. The activation parameters obtained from the effect of temperature on kobs show that the enthalpy of activation is relatively high compared to those found in bimolecular reactions and the entropy of activation is small but positive. The results suggest that 2MBD is mainly sampling in the BuOH‐H2O rich interfacial region of the reverse micelle and are consistent with 2MBD decomposing through a DN + AN mechanism, i.e., a rate limiting formation of an aryl cation that reacts immediately with nucleophiles. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chiral tetraphenylethenes as novel dopants for calamitic and discotic liquid crystals
Authors: Schreivogel Alina , Dawin Ute , Baro Angelika , Giesselmann Frank , Laschat Sabine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThree series of novel chiral tetraphenylethenes have been prepared: citronellyl‐derived ethers 1a, b, lactate‐derived ethers 2d, g, h, i and lactate‐derived esters 3a–c, e–h. Helical twisting powers (HTPs) were determined for those derivatives of 1–3, which were sufficiently miscible with the nematic host 5CB 13 or the discotic nematic host hexayne 14. For binary solutions HTP values of 5.7–10.4 µm−1 for 13/1, 12.8–16.5 µm−1 for 13/2, 8.0–28.7 µm−1 for 13/3 and 2.1–2.9 µm−1 for hexayne 14/3 were determined, indicating a much stronger interaction between the C4‐symmetrical propeller‐shaped tetraphenylethenes 1–3 with the calamitc host 5CB 13 than with the discotic C6‐symmetrical propeller‐shaped host hexayne 14. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
N‐σ versus πconfiguration in mono‐ and bis‐pyrrole and imidazole derivatives of alkaline earth metals
Authors: Blanco Fernando , Alkorta Ibon , Elguero Jose 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA theoretical study of the preferred N‐σorπconfiguration of the mono‐ and bis‐pyrrole and imidazole derivatives of alkaline earth metals has been carried by means of DFT andab initiomethods, up to G2 computational level. The energetic results show that the beryllium derivatives prefer the N‐σconfiguration while the calcium ones prefer theπone. In the case of magnesium, both configurations present similar stability. The calculated dissociation enthalpies correspond to the fact that the metallic atom is strongly bonded to the azoles in both configurations. The NBO analysis shows that the systems can be considered as formed by the azolates interacting with the charged metallic atom and thus the Natural Energy Decomposition Analysis (NEDA) indicates that the main attractive force is the electrostatic. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Familial interstitial disease with I73T mutation: A mid‐ and long‐term study
Authors: Abou Taam Rola , Jaubert Francis , Emond Sophie , Le Bourgeois Muriel , Epaud Ralph , Karila Chantal , Feldmann Delphine , Scheinmann Pierre , de Blic Jacques 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjectives:To describe the long‐term course and the management in children of chronic interstitial lung disease associated with I73T mutation.Materials and Methods:Clinical, radiological, and histological data from one family including five children and two adults were analyzed retrospectively for three patients and prospectively for the others.Results:Mean age of onset of respiratory symptoms for children was 6 months (2–15 months). The follow up was 14 months to 15 years (mean 55 months). The children were treated by intravenous high dose methylprednisolone pulses (6–15, mean 12). Four received oral prednisolone (mean 16 months) and hydroxychloroquine, one of these had additional mycophenolate mofetil. One adult with mild respiratory symptoms in infancy and another who was symptom free were also diagnosed. Both of them received no treatment. BAL fluids were obtained in all children: pro‐SPC and SPB were positive in all. Lung biopsies were performed in two children respectively at 7 months, showing interstitial pneumonia features with endoluminal macrophage and type II alveolar cells hyperplasia, and at 33 months, showing subpleural microbullae, areas of interstitial pneumonia and type II alveolar cells hyperplasia. Immunohistochemistry showed for both an increased SPB and TTF1 staining in type II cells nuclei and a faint staining for pro‐SPC and for ABCA3. Genetic diagnosis obviated the need for biopsy in other cases. The clinical status progressively improved and oxygen supplementation could be stopped after 3–14 months (mean 9 months). The CT scans initially showed ground glass opacities, then reduction in the ground glass pattern associated with clinical improvement and development of cysts.Conclusion:This kindred illustrates the variability of respiratory involvement and prognosis. It confirms the value of genetic screening for surfactant protein genes mutations. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2009; 44:167–175. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temperature dependent high resolution resonant spectroscopy on a charged quantum dot
Authors: Kroner M. , Weiss K. M. , Seidl S. , Warburton R. J. , Badolato A. , Petroff P. M. , Karrai K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe present temperature dependent high resolution resonant optical spectroscopy on a single, negatively charged InGaAs quantum dot. We performed laser transmission measurements yielding the natural linewidth of the excitonic ground state transition of a quantum dot in a temperature range from 4.2 K up to 25 K. Here, we describe the linewidth evolution and the temperature induced red shift of the resonance energy with simple models based on the exciton–phonon coupling in the quantum dot. The resonant spectroscopy measurements are complemented with results from non‐resonant PL measurements on the very same quantum dot. Here we observe a simple linear behavior of the linewidth according to an effect of a fluctuating environment. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Modified Subtotal Cholecystectomy: Results of a Laparotomy Procedure During the Laparoscopic Era
Authors: Di Carlo Isidoro , Pulvirenti Elia , Toro Adriana , Corsale Giuseppe 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundLaparoscopic cholecystectomy is now indisputably the gold standard for managing most gallbladder diseases. However, subversion of the Calot triangle anatomy cannot always be managed by laparoscopy and often requires a laparotomy conversion. This report discusses our patients treated with our personal technique.MethodsPatients undergoing subtotal cholecystectomy performed by the same surgeon with a personal technique from January 1999 to December 2007 were considered for the present study. Sex, age, symptoms, co‐morbidities, diagnostic modality, time between hospitalization and surgery, length of postsurgical hospitalization, morbidity and mortality, and follow‐up were assessed.ResultsFour men and six women, aged 23 to 88 years, were included. Every patient had symptoms of acute cholecystitis. Four patients had had symptoms for an average of 2.5 days and six for an average of 5.1 h. All patients were studied by ultrasonography, and seven underwent computed tomography. The operation was performed within 48 h in all patients. The average hospital stay from surgery to discharge was different for patients who underwent primary open cholecystectomy (10 days, range 5–16 days) and those having a conversion after a laparoscopic attempt (7.8 days, range 4–16 days). During the postoperative period only one patient presented a self‐limiting biliary leak. No postoperative mortality occurred. At follow‐up, any recurrences of stone in the biliary tract or newly formed pouch were recorded.ConclusionsThe results suggest that this new approach can be considered effective in every instance of subversion of the normal anatomy of Calot’s triangle.
Radiation interception and conversion to biomass in two potassium-deficient cotton crops in South Benin
Authors: GERARDEAUX E. , JORDAN-MEILLE L. , PELLERIN S. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYA potassium fertilizer field trial of rain-fed cotton crop was carried out on ferrasols at two sites in Benin. The measurements focused on leaf formation patterns and their ability to convert intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) into biomass. The results highlighted the role of K in plant architecture and leaf area development. On K deficient plots, the reduction in leaf area was mostly the result of a decreased number of leaves and, to a lesser extent, leaves of a smaller individual size. During vegetative growth, leaf senescence did not differ between treatments. Biomass partitioning to different plant compartments was found to be affected by potassium deficiency, in favour of leaves. No significant effect of K treatment was observed on the conversion of intercepted radiation into biomass.