bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Isolated Impaired Fasting Glucose and Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity
Authors: Kim Sun H. , Reaven Gerald M. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—In a recent consensus statement, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) concluded that individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) have “normal muscle insulin sensitivity.” To subject this conclusion to further validation, we evaluated the relationship between glucose tolerance categories and peripheral insulin sensitivity in a large nondiabetic population.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Insulin sensitivity was directly quantified by determining the steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration during an insulin suppression test in 446 nondiabetic individuals divided into four groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT, n = 318), isolated IFG (n = 63), isolated impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, n = 33), and combined IFG and IGT (IFG/IGT, n = 32).
RESULTS—Insulin sensitivity was significantly different in all three groups with pre-diabetes (IFG, IGT, IFG/IGT) as compared with NGT (P &lt; 0.05). Using tertiles of SSPG concentration in the NGT group as operational definitions of insulin resistance (highest tertile) and insulin sensitivity (lowest tertile), there was considerable heterogeneity within the pre-diabetic groups. Thus, 57% of IFG individuals were insulin resistant, and 13% were insulin sensitive. The IFG/IGT group was most homogeneous, with 94% classified as insulin resistant and only 3% as insulin sensitive.
CONCLUSIONS—Peripheral insulin sensitivity varies considerably in nondiabetic individuals, with IFG individuals showing the most heterogeneity within the pre-diabetes group. We believe that this heterogeneity in insulin sensitivity, and the relatively few patients in whom insulin sensitivity has been measured directly in the past, explain the discrepancy between our findings and those of the recent ADA consensus statement.
Effect of Supplementation of Coccinia cordifolia Extract on Newly Detected Diabetic Patients
Authors: Kuriyan Rebecca , Rajendran Ramaswamy , Bantwal Ganapathi , Kurpad Anura V. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Coccinia indica (synonym Coccinia cordifolia), an herb growing abundantly in India, has been used in traditional treatment of diabetes. However, carefully controlled studies of its efficacy are lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Coccinia cordifolia on blood glucose levels of incident type 2 diabetic patients requiring only dietary or lifestyle modifications.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Sixty incident type 2 diabetic subjects (aged 35–60 years) were recruited from St. Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India. The subjects were randomly assigned into the placebo or experimental group and were provided with 1 g alcoholic extract of the herb for 90 days. Anthropometric, biochemical, dietary, and physical activity assessment were carried out at baseline and were repeated at days 45 and 90 of the study. All subjects were provided with standard dietary and physical activity advice for blood sugar control.
RESULTS—There was a significant decrease in the fasting, postprandial blood glucose and A1C of the experimental group compared with that of the placebo group. The fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels of the experimental group at day 90 significantly decreased, by 16 and 18%, respectively. There were no significant changes observed in the serum lipid levels.
CONCLUSIONS—This study suggests that Coccinia cordifolia extract has a potential hypoglycemic action in patients with mild diabetes. However, further studies are needed to elucidate mechanisms of action.
Decreased Non–Insulin-Dependent Glucose Clearance Contributes to the Rise in Fasting Plasma Glucose in the Nondiabetic Range
Authors: Jani Rucha , Molina Marjorie , Matsuda Masafumi , Balas Bogdan , Chavez Alberto , DeFronzo Ralph A. , Abdul-Ghani Muhammad 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—To assess the contribution of decreased glucose clearance to the rise in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the nondiabetic range.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 120 subjects with normal glucose tolerance received an oral glucose tolerance test and euglycemic insulin clamp with 3-[3H]glucose. The basal and insulin-stimulated rates of glucose appearance, glucose disappearance, and glucose clearance and the basal hepatic insulin resistance index were calculated. Simple Pearson's correlation was used to assess the relationship between variables.
RESULTS—The increase in FPG (range 75–125 mg/dl) correlated (r = 0.32, P &lt; 0.0001) with the increase in BMI (20–50 kg/m2). The fasting plasma insulin (FPI) concentration also increased progressively with the increase in BMI (r = 0.62, P &lt; 0.0001). However, despite increasing FPI, the basal glucose clearance rate declined and correlated with the increase in BMI (r = −0.56, P &lt; 0.0001). Basal hepatic glucose production (HGP) decreased with increasing BMI (r = −0.51, P &lt; 0.0001) and correlated inversely with the increase in FPI (r = −0.32, P &lt; 0.0001). The hepatic insulin resistance (basal HGP × FPI) increased with rising BMI (r = 0.52, P &lt; 0.0001). During the insulin clamp, glucose disposal declined with increasing BMI (r = −0.64, P &lt; 0.0001) and correlated with the basal glucose clearance (r = 0.39, P &lt; 0.0001).
CONCLUSIONS—These results demonstrate that in nondiabetic subjects, rising FPG is associated with a decrease (not an increase) in basal hepatic glucose production and is explained by a reduction in glucose clearance.
Bone Fractures and Hypoglycemic Treatment in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Monami Matteo , Cresci Barbara , Colombini Angela , Pala Laura , Balzi Daniela , Gori Francesca , Chiasserini Veronica , Marchionni Niccolò , Rotella Carlo Maria , Mannucci Edoardo 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—Hypoglycemic treatments could modulate the risk for fractures in many ways. Most studies have not explored the effect on the incidence of bone fractures of individual oral hypoglycemic agents, rather all oral treatments as a whole. The aim of this case-control study, nested within a retrospective cohort, is the assessment of the risk for bone fractures associated with exposure to insulin or different oral hypoglycemic agents.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A case-control study nested within a cohort of 1,945 diabetic outpatients with a follow-up of 4.1 ± 2.3 years was performed, comparing 83 case subjects of bone fractures and 249 control subjects matched for age, sex, duration of diabetes, BMI, A1C, comorbidity, smoking, and alcohol abuse. Exposure to hypoglycemic drugs during the 10 years preceding the event (or matching index date) was assessed.
RESULTS—In a model including treatment with insulin secretagogues metformin and insulin for at least 36 months during the previous 10 years, no significant association was observed between bone fractures and medications. In an alternative model considering treatments at the time of fracture, insulin treatment was significantly associated with bone fractures in men (OR 3.20 [95% CI 1.32–7.74]) but not in women (1.41 [0.73–2.73]).
CONCLUSIONS—Insulin-sensitizing treatment with metformin is not associated with a higher incidence of bone fractures, suggesting that the negative effect of thiazolidinediones is due to a specific action on bone metabolism rather a reduction of insulinemia. Conversely, current treatment with insulin increases the risk of fractures; at the same time, exposure to this agent in the longer term does not appear to affect bone frailty.
Aspirin and Mortality in Patients With Diabetes Sustaining Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Cubbon Richard M. , Gale Christopher P. , Rajwani Adil , Abbas Afroze , Morrell Christine , Das Raj , Barth Julian H. , Grant Peter J. , Kearney Mark T. , Hall Alistair S. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—We sought to compare mortality reduction associated with secondary prevention in patients with and without diabetes after acute coronary syndrome (ACS).
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We conducted a cohort study involving 2,499 patients with ACS recruited from 11 U.K. hospitals. Multivariable analysis comparing all-cause mortality risk reduction associated with pharmacologic agents in patients with and without diabetes.
RESULTS—Aspirin was not associated with significant mortality benefit in diabetes sufferers (95% CI 0.50–1.08); nondiabetic patients derived a 48% mortality reduction (P &lt; 0.001). The interaction between diabetes and aspirin use was statistically significant (P = 0.037), indicating that patients with diabetes experience less effective mortality reduction from aspirin use.
CONCLUSIONS—Aspirin, but not other secondary prevention agents, is associated with less effective mortality reduction in patients with diabetes and unstable coronary artery disease.
Impact of Diabetes on Physical Function in Older People
Authors: Sinclair Alan J. , Conroy Simon P. , Bayer Antony J. 
Published: January 2008

OBJECTIVE—To explore the nature of functional impairment in older people with diabetes.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A population-based case-control study with detailed assessment of diabetes and functional status was undertaken.
RESULTS—Altogether, 403 case subjects and 403 matched control subjects were studied (median age 75 years, 51% female). Subjects with diabetes had more comorbidities than control subjects (mean 2.5 vs. 1.9, P &lt; 0.0001) and were more likely to have severe functional impairment (4 vs. 1%, Barthel score &lt;5, P &lt; 0.001). Health status pertaining to physical function was reduced in case subjects (SF36 60 vs. 40, P &lt; 0.0001). In a multivariate model controlling for age, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, osteoarthritis, and dementia, diabetes remained significantly associated with mobility limitation (odds ratio 2.1, P &lt; 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS—Older people with diabetes have considerable functional impairment associated with reduced health status. This population may benefit from comprehensive geriatric assessment and tailored diabetes management.
Inferring relationships between native plant diversity and Lonicera japonica in upland forests in north Mississippi, USA
Authors: Surrette Sherry. B. , Brewer J. Stephen 
Published: January 2008

Question: Do anthropogenic disturbances interact with local environmental factors to increase the abundance and frequency of invasive species, which in turn exerts a negative effect on native biodiversity?Location: Mature Quercus‐Carya and Quercus‐Carya‐Pinus (oak‐hickory‐pine) forests in north Mississippi, USA.Methods: We used partial correlation and factor analysis to investigate relationships between native ground cover plant species richness and composition, percent cover of Lonicera japonica, and local and landscape‐level environmental variables and disturbance patterns in mature upland forests. We directly measured vegetation and environmental variables within 34 sampling subplots and quantified the amount of tree cover surrounding our plots using digital color aerial photography.Results: Simple bivariate correlations revealed that high species richness and a high proportion of herbs were associated with low Lonicera japonica cover, moist and sandy uncompacted soils, low disturbance in the surrounding landscape, and periodic prescribed burning. Partial correlations and factor analysis showed that once we accounted for the environmental factors, L japonica cover was the least important predictor of composition and among the least important predictors of species richness. Hence, much of the negative correlation between native species diversity and this invasive species was explained by soil texture and local and landscape‐level land‐use practices.Conclusions: We conclude that negative correlations between the abundance of invasive species and native plant diversity can occur in landscapes with a gradient of human disturbance, regardless of whether there is any negative effect of invasive species on native species.
Autism spectrum conditons in myotonic dystrophy type 1: A study on 57 individuals with congenital and childhood forms
Authors: Ekström Anne‐Berit , Hakenäs‐Plate Louise , Samuelsson Lena , Tulinius Már , Wentz Elisabet 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMyotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder, caused by an expansion of a CTG triplet repeat in the DMPK gene. The aims of the present study were to classify a cohort of children with DM1, to describe their neuropsychiatric problems and cognitive level, to estimate the size of the CTG expansion, and to correlate the molecular findings with the neuropsychiatric problems. Fifty‐seven children and adolescents (26 females; 31 males) with DM1 (CTG repeats > 40) were included in the study. The following instruments were used: Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R), 5–15, Griffiths Mental Development Scales, and the Wechsler Scales. Based on age at onset and presenting symptoms, the children were divided into four DM1 groups; severe congenital (n = 19), mild congenital (n = 18), childhood (n = 18), and classical DM1 (n = 2). Forty‐nine percent had an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autistic disorder was the most common diagnosis present in 35% of the subjects. Eighty‐six percent of the individuals with DM1 had mental retardation (MR), most of them moderate or severe MR. ASD was significantly correlated with the DM1 form; the more severe the form of DM1, the higher the frequency of ASD. The frequency of ASD increased with increasing CTG repeat expansions. ASD and/or other neuropsychiatric disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Tourette's disorder were found in 54% of the total DM1 group. In conclusion, awareness of ASD comorbidity in DM1 is essential. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the molecular etiology causing neurodevelopmental symptoms such as ASD and MR in DM1. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dendrimer adsorption on charged particulate surfaces
Authors: Barnes Timothy J. , Ametov Igor , Prestidge Clive A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe adsorption of a negatively charged poly‐L‐lysine dendrimer SPL‐7013 on alumina particle surfaces was investigated as a function of solution ionic strength and pH. The Langmuir model satisfactorily describes experimental adsorption isotherms; the free energies of adsorption ΔGads, surface affinity constants, maximum adsorbed amounts, and areas per adsorbed dendrimer molecule were calculated. ΔGads for various solution conditions were in the range of − 46 to − 59 kJ mol−1; these are significantly greater in magnitude than for small molecules and reflect the multivalent nature and strong adsorption affinity of dendrimer to oppositely charged surfaces, thus confirming electrostatic attraction as a major driving force. The adsorption affinity and interfacial packing of the dendrimer increase with increased solution salt concentration due to the screening of the electrostatic forces and increased surface charge density of the adsorbent. Similarly, increased adsorption at low pH is ascribed to a greater adsorption site density on alumina. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved dewaterability of iron oxide dispersions: the role of polymeric flocculant type, pH and shear
Authors: McGuire Melanie J. , Addai‐Mensah Jonas , Bremmell Kristen E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSubstantial amounts of recyclable water are trapped in mineral waste tailings dams annually due to less than effective dewatering processes. To address this, a study has been conducted of the flocculation performance of four high molecular weight (>5 × 106 Da) polyacrylamides, non‐ionic homopolymer (PAM N), anionic carboxylate substituted copolymer (PAM A), anionic sulfonate substituted copolymer (PAM S), and cationic trimethyl amino ethyl substituted copolymer (PAM C), on the dewaterability of iron oxide suspensions as a function of pH. Significant polymer structure‐mediated and pH‐dependent trends were observed.Upon flocculation with up to 500 g polymer/t solid, settling rates in the range of 3–100 m/h were observed, along with sediment solid loading in the range 35–40 wt%. Settling rates varied depending on polymeric flocculant type, and were higher for anionic and cationic polymers than for non‐ionic polymers. Settling was most efficient at and below the iso‐electric point (iep, pH 8.5). Polymer structure type did not have any noticeable impact on the extent of pulp consolidation. Moderate shear significantly improved the consolidation (55 wt% solid) of pre‐sedimented pulps. For the selection of a flocculant, a polymer that displayed an opposite charge to that of the particles appeared to provide improved flocculation and dewatering performance. Copyright © 2008 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymerization of methyl methacrylate with Nickel(II)α‐benzoinoxime complex
Authors: Harrar‐Ferfera Hafida , Amrani Farouk 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPolymerizations of methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer initiated by a novel Ni(II)α‐benzoinoxime complex have been achieved under homogeneous conditions in the 25–60°C temperature range. The activity for polymerization increases with reaction temperature and by carrying out the polymerization in solution of low‐polarity solvents without any induction time. The obtained polymers have weight‐average molecular weights about 105 and slight broad polydispersity indexes (2.2 ≤ Mw/Mn ≤ 3.3). Dependence of rate constants polymerization and decomposition of initiator (kapp and kd, respectively) on temperature was investigated and activation parameters were computed from Arrhenius plot. 1H‐NMR analysis of PMMA revealed a syndio‐rich atactic microstructure in agreement with conventional radical process. Radical scavenger TEMPO effect together with microstructure and molecular weight distributions data supported that the polymerization proceed via free radical mechanism. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
The influence of acrylic acid groups on the microstructure of HDPE/BT system studied by positron annihilation
Authors: Wang Hongmei , Chen Zhe , Fang Pengfei , Wang Shaojie , Xu Yuzhen , Fang Zhengping 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTwo types of composites, high‐density polyethylene (HDPE)/Bentonite (BT) and high‐density polyethylene grafted with acrylic acid (HDPE‐g‐AA)/(BT), are prepared by melt compounding. The microstructure of the composite has been studied by the means of positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS). It has been found that the mean free volume size is nearly the same in composites and HDPE matrices with different BT concentration. While the ortho‐positronium (o‐Ps) intensity decreased for HDPE‐g‐AA and its lifetime distribution is narrower than that for pure HDPE. With the increasing of BT content, the o‐Ps intensity increases for HDPE‐g‐AA/BT composites and the o‐Ps intensity decreases for HDPE/BT composites. It is found that the carboxyl group of Acrylic acid plays a significant chemical inhibition on positronium formation. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of crosslinking agents and inert diluents on the characteristics of crosslinked polystyrene copolymers
Authors: Tank R. , Beldar A. , Saxena A. , Gupta D. C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe suspension copolymerization of styrene with various vinyl crosslinking monomers, that is, dimethacrylates and divinylbenzene, was carried out with poly (vinyl alcohol) as the suspending agent. The effect of the crosslinking monomers on the characteristics of the styrene copolymers was also studied, and the styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers were found to be the most thermally stable. Inert diluents were added during styrene and divinylbenzene copolymerization to achieve porous, crosslinked polystyrene. Furthermore, the influence of the diluents on the formation of porous styrene–divinylbenzene copolymers was investigated by surface area, pore volume, pore diameter, apparent density, swelling percentage, and compressive strength measurements and the surface morphology. It was observed that among the inert diluents studied, cyclohexanol was the most effective diluent, leading to the styrene–divinylbenzene copolymer beads with maximum porosity. A surface morphology study of the polystyrene copolymer beads supported the porosity in these copolymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Deacetylation of konjac glucomannan by mechanochemical treatment
Authors: Pan Zhidong , He Ke , Wang Yanmin 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis article presents the experimental results on deacetylation of a konjac glucomannan (KGM) powder with alkali in mechanochemical (MC) treatment by a dry vibrating mill. It is indicated that the acetyl group of the KGM powder could be removed by means of the MC method. In addition, some characteristics, such as gel rheology, particle size/conformation, water absorbency, and thermal behavior, of the deacetylated KGM are analyzed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Flame retardant finishing of cotton fleece fabric. II. Inorganic phosphorus‐containing compounds
Authors: Wu Xialing , Yang Charles Q. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCotton fleece is not able to meet the federal flammability standard for general apparels (CFR 1610) without flame retardant treatment. Consequently, cotton fleece is not available in the market in spite of high demands. In our previous research, we studied the application of a hydroxyl‐functional organophosphorus oligomer as a flame retardant finishing agent for cotton fleece. In this research, we investigated the use of aluminum hydroxyphosphate (AHP) formed in situ on cotton by the reaction of aluminum sulfate and sodium phosphates to reduce the flammability of cotton fleece. We found that the AHP formed on cotton is effective in reducing the cotton fleece's flammability from “Class 3” to “Class 1.” Elemental analysis of aluminum and phosphorus in the AHP shows that the mole ratio of Al/P changes as the pH value of the sodium phosphates solution changes. The pH of the sodium phosphate solutions also affect the quantity of AHP formed on the cotton fleece. The treated cotton fleece retains “Class 1” flammability after one home laundering or the combination of dry‐cleaning and hand washing procedures. The treatment increases the whiteness of the cotton fleece whereas it reduces its bursting strength. The cotton fleece thus treated is also investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biocomposites composed of epoxidized soybean oil cured with terpene‐based acid anhydride and cellulose fibers
Authors: Takahashi Tsutomu , Hirayama Ken‐ichi , Teramoto Naozumi , Shibata Mitsuhiro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractEpoxidized soybean oil (ESO) was cured with a terpene‐based acid anhydride (TPAn) at 150°C, and the thermal and mechanical properties of the cured product were compared with ESO cured with hexahydrophthalic anhydride (HPAn), maleinated linseed oil (LOAn), or thermally latent cationic polymerization catalyst (CPI). The ESO‐TPAn showed a higher glass transition temperature (67.2°C) measured by dynamic mechanical analysis than ESO‐HPAn (59.0°C), ESO‐LOAn (−41.0°C), and ESO‐CPI (10.0°C). The storage modulus at 20°C of ESO‐TPAn was higher than those of ESO‐LOAn and ESO‐CPI. Also, ESO‐TPAn showed higher tensile strength and modulus than the other cured ESOs. Regarding the biodegradability measured by biochemical oxygen demand in an activated sludge, ESO‐TPAn possessed some biodegradability, which was lower than that of ESO‐LOAn. Next, biocomposites composed of ESO‐TPAn and regenerated cellulose (lyocell) fabric were prepared by compression molding method. The tensile strength of ESO‐TPAn/lyocell composites increased with increasing fiber content. The tensile strength and modulus of ESO‐TPAn/lyocell composite with fiber content 75 wt % were 65 MPa and 2.3 GPa, which were three times higher than those of ESO‐TPAn. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008