bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Increased plasma levels of IL‐6 in bacteremic periodontis patients after scaling
Authors: Forner Lone , Nielsen Claus Henrik , Bendtzen Klaus , Larsen Tove , Holmstrup Palle 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBacteremia frequently occurs after dental treatment. Periodontal inflammation may influence the incidence, magnitude and duration of bacteremia. The presence of circulating oral bacteria or bacterial components may induce cytokine synthesis in blood cells, which may contribute to the development or exacerbation of atherosclerosis. The present study tested the hypothesis that bacteremia occurring after scaling in periodontitis patients results in altered plasma levels of cytokines. Twenty periodontitis patients were subjected to scaling. Blood samples at baseline and at 0.5, 10 and 30 minutes postscaling were examined for bacteremia whereas baseline and eight‐hour postscaling blood samples were examined for the levels of IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6, IL‐8, IL‐10 and IL‐12p70. IL‐6 levels were significantly increased eight hours after scaling, while IL‐8 was significantly decreased. No systematic changes occurred in the levels of IL‐1β, TNF–α, IL‐10 and IL‐2p70. IL‐6 levels may be increased while IL‐8 may be decreased due to scaling, which may have implications for general health.
Expression of p16 and hTERT protein is associated with the presence of high‐risk human papillomavirus in Bowenoid papulosis
Authors: Liu Houjun , Urabe Kazunori , Moroi Yoichi , Yasumoto Shinichiro , Kokuba Hisashi , Imafuku Shinichi , Koga Tetsuya , Masuda Teiichi , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Furue Masutaka , Tu Yating 
Published: August 2006

Background:  High‐risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) type E6 and E7 oncoproteins contribute to oncogenesis in multiple ways by modulating the activities of host components in cell‐cycle regulation including the expression of p16 protein (p16) and human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT). The expression of p16 and hTERT protein in Bowenoid papulosis (BP) has not been studied.Methods:  Biopsy samples of BP from 26 patients were subjected to in situ hybridization for various HPV strains and immunohistochemical staining for p16 and hTERT.Results:  Among the 26 biopsy specimens, in situ hybridization using DNA probes for HPV 16/18 revealed positivity in 18 specimens (69.2%), one of which also showed positivity with the probes for HPV 6/11. HPV 31/33/35 was found in three specimens (11.5%). Two specimens (7.7%) were positive for unclassified HPV. Twenty‐one BP specimens that were infected with hrHPV were positive for p16 and/or hTERT. Moderate or strong and diffuse immunostaining was observed for p16 in 15 hrHPV‐infected specimens and for hTERT in 16 hrHPV‐infected specimens. The expression of p16 or hTERT was each significantly associated with the presence of hrHPV.Conclusions:  hrHPVs were involved in inducing p16 and hTERT overexpression in BP. Moreover, our results suggested that immunohistochemical p16 and hTERT expression might be a useful marker of hrHPV infection in BP.
The slaty mutation affects the morphology and maturation of melanosomes in the mouse melanocytes
Authors: Hirobe Tomohisa , Abe Hiroyuki 
Published: August 2006

SummaryThe slaty (Dctslt) mutation is known to reduce the activity of dopachrome tautomerase in melanocytes and to reduce the melanin content in skin, hairs and eyes. Although the melanosomes in slaty melanocytes are reported to be eumelanosome‐like, detailed melanosome biogenesis is not well studied. To address this point, melanosomes in neonatal epidermal melanocytes from wild‐type (Dct+/Dct+) mice at the slaty locus as well as its congenic mouse mutant (Dctslt/Dctslt) in serum‐free primary culture were observed under the electron microscope. Wild‐type melanocytes possessed exclusively elliptical melanosomes with internal longitudinal structures, whereas in mutant melanocytes, numerous spherical melanosomes with globular depositions of pigment and elliptical melanosomes as well as mixed type of the two melanosomes were observed. Mature stage IV melanosomes were greatly decreased in mutant melanocytes, whereas immature stage III melanosomes were more numerous than in wild‐type melanocytes. These results suggest that the slaty mutation affects the morphology and maturation of melanosomes in mouse melanocytes.
Secular trends in cardiorespiratory fitness and body mass index in Danish children: The European Youth Heart Study
Authors: Møller N. C. , Wedderkopp N. , Kristensen P. L. , Andersen L. B. , Froberg K. 
Published: August 2006

Aim: To examine the secular trends in cardiorespiratory fitness (CF) and body fatness in Danish children. Trends were analyzed overall and across socioeconomic status (SES).Methods: Two cross‐sectional studies conducted on 589 and 458 third‐grade Danish children in 1997–1998 and 2003–2004, respectively. CF was determined by a maximal cycle‐ergometer test. The lowest sex‐specific quartile of CF in the study from 1997 to 1998 was used as a cut‐point for low CF. Body mass index (BMI) cut‐points were used to describe overweight, and SES was divided into two groups according to parents' occupation.Results: This study showed a secular decline in CF in girls overall. Increased CF, BMI, and prevalence of overweight were observed in boys with high SES, in boys with low SES, and in girls with low SES, respectively. However, after additional Bonferroni's correction, none of the statistical analyses performed across socioeconomic gradients reached significant P‐values.Conclusion: CF declined in girls overall. Although not statistically significant after additional Bonferroni's correction, results in general showed less favorable trends in low SES children. Thus, trying to describe secular trends in CF and body fatness overall without any regard to SES might disguise social‐caused differences. However, further studies are needed in order to verify this hypothesis.
Influence of Platelet‐Rich Plasma Added to Xenogeneic Bone Grafts in Periimplant Defects: A Vital Fluorescence Study in Dogs
Authors: Sánchez Andrés R. , Sheridan Phillip J. , Eckert Steven E. , Weaver Amy L. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:The use of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) has been suggested in order to increase the rate of bone deposition when sites are augmented prior to or in conjunction with dental implant placement.Purpose:The goal of this study was to investigate whether the addition of PRP to xenogeneic bone grafts would increase the rate of bone formation in dogs.Materials and Methods:Ninety endosseous dental implants were inserted in the mandibles of nine hound dogs. Subsequently, mesial and distal three‐wall periimplant defects were surgically created. Defects were randomly assigned to three groups: demineralized freeze‐dried bone graft plus platelet‐rich plasma (DFDBG plus PRP), demineralized freeze‐dried bone graft alone (DFDBG), and no treatment. Postsurgically each dog received a series of three fluorescent labels for estimation of bone cell activity at baseline and during different stages of healing, with particular attention to the bone formation rate per tissue volume (BFR/TV). Animals were sacrificed at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months, and specimens were subjected to analysis by fluorescence microscopy. Treatment effects were evaluated with analysis of variance models.Results:Overall, the average BFR/TV differed by treatment although this difference approached only minimal statistical significance (p= .057). The largest difference occurred between periimplant defects treated with DFDBG only and defects that were not treated (mean percentage BFR/TV, 0.0720% vs 0.0994%). There was no evidence of an overall treatment effect (p= .27) for the mineral apposition rate (MAR) values. The data also suggest a consistent variability in the bone formation parameters among the three groups at different healing points.Conclusion:In this animal model the addition of PRP to xenogeneic bone grafts did not demonstrate evidence of faster bone formation during healing. However, limitations of the histologic technique possibly played a negative role in the assessment of bone formation parameters.
Validation of Microfocus Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Bone Implant Specimens
Authors: Stoppie Nele , van der Waerden Jan‐Paul , Jansen John A. , Duyck Joke , Wevers Martine , Naert Ignace E. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Microfocus computed tomography (μCT) is an emerging technique owing to its speed, full three‐dimensional information, and nondestructive properties.Purpose:The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a μCT system (Philips HOMX 161™, Philips Medical Systems GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) for visualization of the bone structure around screw‐type titanium implants by comparing μCT images with their histologic homologues.Materials and Methods:Eight screw‐type titanium implants were placed in the femoral condyles of two goats. After the excised implant‐bone specimens were embedded in resin, three‐dimensional μCT of the excised implant and bone specimens was performed. Histologic sections were subsequently made. A total of 150 histologic sections were matched with μCT images.Results:Bone trabeculae were clearly visible on the μCT scans. However, bone close to the implant or present in the apical surface features of the implant could not be detected. The overall matching between μCT scans (slices) and the histologic sections was 89%.Conclusion:Investigation of trabecular bone around titanium implants by μCT can be considered highly reliable for determining trabecular bone parameters, with the exception of measuring direct bone‐to‐implant contact.
Simplified Methods of Implant Treatment in the Edentulous Lower Jaw: A 3‐Year Follow‐Up Report of a Controlled Prospective Study of One‐Stage versus Two‐Stage Surgery and Early Loading
Authors: Engquist Bo , Åstrand Per , Anzén Bengt , Dahlgren Simon , Engquist Eva , Feldmann Hartmut , Karlsson Ulf , Nord Per‐Gunnar , Sahlholm Sten , Svärdström Pia 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Interest in the use of one‐stage surgery and immediate loading of oral implants has lately been increasing.Purpose:The aim of this study was to compare the 3‐year results of one‐stage surgery versus two‐stage surgery, early loading versus loading after a 3‐month healing period, and the use of one‐piece implants versus the use of two‐piece implants.Materials and Methods:The study included 108 patients with edentulous mandibles. Each patient was treated with four Brånemark System® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) and with full fixed prostheses. Patients were consecutively treated and were distributed in four groups: group A (one‐stage surgery), group B (control group with two‐stage surgery), group C (one‐piece implants), and group D (early loading). In groups A and B Brånemark Standard implants and standard abutments were used. In group C the conical one‐piece Brånemark implant was used, and in group D the patients had Brånemark System Mk III implants together with multiunit abutments. All patients were observed for 3 years.Results:Of the 432 inserted implants, 24 were lost. Survival rates in the three experimental groups ranged from 93.2 to 93.3% whereas the survival rate in group B (the control group with two‐stage surgery) was 97.5%. The differences between the groups were not statistically significant. The changes in marginal bone level were measured from fixture insertion to the final follow‐up at 3 years. The bone loss in group D (early loading) was significantly less than in group B (the control group) whereas there were no differences in marginal bone change between the other groups.Conclusions:Early loading seemed to give good results in the anterior part of the mandible. The survival rate of the early‐loaded implants did not significantly differ from that of implants inserted with the conventional two‐stage procedure, but the mean marginal bone loss around the surviving implants was less with early loading.
An Antibacterial Surface on Dental Implants, Based on the Photocatalytic Bactericidal Effect
Authors: Suketa Naoki , Sawase Takashi , Kitaura Hideki , Naito Mariko , Baba Koumei , Nakayama Koji , Wennerberg Ann , Atsuta Mitsuru 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:It is well known that the moderately roughened surfaces of dental implants enhance direct bone‐implant contact. However, rough implant surfaces, as compared to smooth surfaces, are thought to pose a higher risk of bacterial infection when exposed to the oral cavity.Purpose:This study was focused on evaluating the photocatalytic bactericidal effects of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) on gram‐negative anaerobic bacteria known to be associated with perümplantitis.Materials and Methods:A film of photocatalytic anatase TiO2 was added onto the surface of commercially pure titanium disks by plasma source ion implantation (PSII) followed by annealing. The photocatalytic properties of the film were confirmed by the degradation of methylene blue. Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Fusobacterium nucleatum cells were incubated anaerobically and seeded on the disk. The disks were then exposed to ultraviolet A (UVA) illumination from black light in an anaerobic environment. After illumination, the number of viable cells was counted in terms of colony‐forming units.Results:The anatase TiO2 film added by the PSII method and annealing exhibited a strong photocatalytic reaction under UVA illumination. The viability of both types of bacteria on the photocatalytic TiO2 film was suppressed to less than 1% under UVA illumination within 120 minutes.Conclusion:The bactericidal effect of the TiO2 photocatalyst is of great use for sterilizing the contaminated surface of dental implants.
Tissue Engineering with Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 for Alveolar Augmentation and Oral Implant Osseointegration: Experimental Observations and Clinical Perspectives*
Authors: Wikesjö Ulf M. E. , Polimeni Giuseppe , Qahash Mohammed 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTSurgical placement of oral implants is governed by the prosthetic design and by the morphology and quality of the alveolar bone. Nevertheless implant placement often appears difficult, if at all possible, due to aberrations of the alveolar ridge. Hence prosthetically dictated implant positioning often entails augmentation of the alveolar ridge and adjoining structures. In this review we discuss recent observations of the biologic potential, clinical relevance, and perspectives of application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein‐2 (rhBMP‐2) technologies for alveolar bone augmentation and oral implant osseointegration. Using discriminating critical‐size supraalveolar defects and clinical modeling in dogs, we show that rhBMP‐2 has a substantial potential for augmenting alveolar bone and supporting osseointegration of titanium oral implants. Moreover, using clinical modeling, we demonstrate re‐osseointegration in advanced periimplantitis defects and long‐term functional loading of titanium oral implants placed into rhBMP‐2‐induced bone. Our studies suggest that inclusion of rhBMP‐2 for alveolar bone augmentation and oral implant fixation will not only enhance the predictability of existing clinical protocol but also allow new approaches to these procedures.
Simplified Treatment of the Atrophic Posterior Maxilla via Immediate/Early Function and Tilted Implants: A Prospective 1‐Year Clinical Study
Authors: Calandriello Roberto , Tomatis Massimiliano 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Posterior maxillae are often difficult to treat owing to the sinus antrum. Placing implants in remaining bone regions in the atrophic maxilla, without performing sinus grafting, is a challenge. Immediate function adds to this challenge.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to suggest and evaluate a simplified treatment concept for the rehabilitation of the atrophic maxilla using tilted implants subjected to immediate/early function.Materials and Methods:Eighteen patients were included in the study. Sixty implants were placed to support 19 fixed partial or full‐arch prostheses. Immediate/early function was applied. The patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year after prosthesis connection. Stability measurements and radiographic evaluation of the change of the marginal bone level were performed.Results:One axial and one tilted implant failed in one patient, giving a cumulative survival rate of 96.7%. No failure of provisional prostheses occurred. The mean marginal bone resorption recorded after 1 year was low (0.82 mm for axial implants and 0.34 mm for tilted implants).Conclusion:The results of the present study suggest that tilted implants placed in immediate function may be a viable treatment approach for the rehabilitation of the atrophied maxilla. Simplified treatment procedures, reduced surgical invasion, shorter treatment time, and reduced costs constitute some of the benefits for the patient and the clinician.
The Human Bone–Oxidized Titanium Implant Interface: A Light Microscopic, Scanning Electron Microscopic, Back‐Scatter Scanning Electron Microscopic, and Energy‐Dispersive X‐Ray Study of Clinically Retrieved Dental Implants
Authors: Schüpbach Peter , Glauser Roland , Rocci Antonio , Martignoni Massimiliano , Sennerby Lars , Lundgren AnnaKarin , Gottlow Jan 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Surface modification of titanium implants by anodic oxidation may lead to enhanced bone integration. For instance, in vivo studies have demonstrated formation of more bone contacts in less time than for turned control implants. In addition, oxidized implants have shown a higher resistance to torque forces, indicating a strong interlock between bone and the oxide layer. However, the structure of the oxidized titanium‐bone interface in high resolution is not known.Purpose:The aim of the study was to analyze the human bone‐oxidized titanium interface at a high‐resolution level. Of particular interest was the relationship between bone tissue and the pores of the surface oxide.Materials and Methods:Twelve clinically retrieved implants with an oxidized surface (TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Göteborg, Sweden) were used. Seven were regular dental implants and five were experimental mini‐implants and had been subjected to immediate, early, or no loading. They were retrieved after 5 to 9 months of healing and were processed and analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in normal and back‐scatter (BS‐SEM) modes, and energy‐dispersive x‐ray (EDX) analysis techniques.Results:Bone formation was observed to occur from adjacent bone structures toward the implant surface, and it was evident that bone formation had occurred at the implant surface. SEM, BS‐SEM, and EDX revealed that mineralized bone had grown into the pores of the surface oxide layer, including pores with small diameters (< 2 μm).Conclusions:The clinically retrieved oxidized implants showed evidence of bone growth into the pores of the surface oxide layer. The findings indicate the establishment of a strong interlock between the bone and the oxidized titanium implant, which is suggested to be beneficial for clinical performance.
Periimplant Soft Tissue Barrier at Experimental One‐Piece Mini‐implants with Different Surface Topography in Humans: A Light‐Microscopic Overview and Histometric Analysis
Authors: Glauser Roland , Schüpbach Peter , Gottlow Jan , Hämmerle Christoph H. F. 
Published: August 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Following connection to the oral cavity, osseointegrated dental implants and surrounding tissues are exposed to microbiologic and biomechanical challenges. The establishment of a firm functional periimplant soft tissue barrier (PSTB) is considered to be important to protect the implant's interface from invasion of bacteria. The current knowledge on the histologic architecture of the PSTB is mainly based on animal experiments.Purpose:The aim of this study was to histologically characterize the PSTB formed in humans around experimental one‐piece mini‐implants with different surface topography.Materials and Methods:Five patients received a total of 12 experimental titanium, one‐piece mini‐implants with an oxidized (n = 4), an acid‐etched (n = 4), or a machined (n = 4) surface distal to therapeutic implants. Following transmucosal healing of 8 weeks and at abutment connection of the regular implants, the mini‐implants were harvested with a layer of surrounding hard and soft tissue. The specimens were fixed and processed for histologic sectioning according to standard procedures. The most central bucco‐oral section cut in the long axis was used for morphologic analyses of the PSTB. The vertical soft tissue morphology was quantified using histometric measurements.Results:The overall height of the soft tissue, that is, the biologic width, was around 4 to 4.5 mm and consisted of an epithelial and a supracrestal connective tissue barrier. The junctional epithelium established the attachment to the implant surface, whereas the collagen fibers and fibroblasts of the connective tissue seal were oriented parallel to the implant. The epithelial attachment was shorter at the oxidized and acid‐etched surfaces compared with the machined surfaces. Accordingly, the oxidized and acid‐etched mini‐implants exhibited a longer zone of connective tissue seal.Conclusion:The periimplant soft tissue formed at the experimental one‐piece mini‐implants in humans was of a character similar to that described in animal studies. The oxidized and acid‐etched implants revealed less epithelial downgrowth and longer connective tissue seal than machined implants.