bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fine‐needle aspiration of brown tumor of bone: Cytologic features with radiologic and histologic correlation
Authors: Pavlovic Sasha , Valyi‐Nagy Tibor , Profirovic Jasmina , David Odile 
Published: November 2008

AbstractWe report the case of a 40‐year‐old man with tertiary hyperparathyroidism due to end stage renal disease who initially presented with acute‐onset paraplegia, elevated serum parathyroid hormone, and multiple bone abnormalities, including a large extradural intraspinal mass seen by magnetic resonance imaging. In contrast with imaging features, fine‐needle aspiration cytology showed numerous benign‐appearing multinucleated osteoclast‐type giant cells that are the characteristics of either brown tumor or benign giant cell tumor of bone. Sheets of mononuclear spindled stromal cells were also noted. A core‐needle biopsy confirmed the diagnostic features of brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Current utilization of breast FNA in a cytology practice
Authors: Simsir Aylin , Rapkiewicz Amy , Cangiarella Joan 
Published: November 2008

AbstractOver the past decade, core biopsy rapidly replaced fine needle aspiration (FNA) in evaluation of diseases of the female breast in many centers in the USA. The inability to diagnose invasive cancer by FNA, and the general feeling of unease in interpretation of cytologic specimens among pathologists who are not trained in cytopathology are among factors leading to decline in the use of FNA. At our institution, we continue to rely heavily on FNA for evaluation of breast masses. In this article, we discuss our multidisciplinary team approach which is essential in sustaining a successful breast cancer screening program. We also review the general utility of breast FNA and core biopsy in a comparative fashion. In the second part of this article which will appear in an upcoming issue, we will review the use of FNA and core biopsy in challenging breast lesions focusing on the pitfalls and limitations of both modalities in selected specific lesions. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Decentralized ℋ︁∞ controller design for large‐scale civil structures
Authors: Wang Yang , Lynch Jerome P. , Law Kincho H. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractComplexities inherent to large‐scale modern civil structures pose many challenges in the design of feedback structural control systems for dynamic response mitigation. With the emergence of low‐cost sensors and control devices creating technologies from which large‐scale structural control systems can deploy, a future control system may contain hundreds, or even thousands, of such devices. Key issues in such large‐scale structural control systems include reduced system reliability, increasing communication requirements, and longer latencies in the feedback loop. To effectively address these issues, decentralized control strategies provide promising solutions that allow control systems to operate at high nodal counts.This paper examines the feasibility of designing a decentralized controller that minimizes the ℋ︁∞ norm of the closed‐loop system. ℋ︁∞ control is a natural choice for decentralization because imposition of decentralized architectures is easy to achieve when posing the controller design using linear matrix inequalities. Decentralized control solutions are investigated for both continuous‐time and discrete‐time ℋ︁∞ formulations. Numerical simulation results using a 3‐story and a 20‐story structure illustrate the feasibility of the different decentralized control strategies. The results also demonstrate that when realistic semi‐active control devices are used in combination with the decentralized ℋ︁∞ control solution, better performance can be gained over the passive control cases. It is shown that decentralized control strategies may provide equivalent or better control performance, given that their centralized counterparts could suffer from longer sampling periods due to communication and computation constraints. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of medications with anticholinergic properties and cognitive function in a young‐old community sample
Authors: Low Lee‐Fay , Anstey Kaarin J. , Sachdev Perminder 
Published: November 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo examine whether anticholinergic medications have effects on the level of cognitive function or cognitive decline in persons in their early to mid 60s.MethodsA randomly selected community‐based sample of 2058 persons aged 60–64 at baseline was interviewed twice over four years. Anticholinergic medication use was determined from self‐report medication data using the Anticholinergic Drug Scale. Cognition was assessed with the California Verbal Learning Test I (one trial), Digits Backwards, the Symbol Digit Modalities Test, the Mini‐Mental State Exam and simple and choice reaction time. Persons meeting criteria for Mild Cognitive Impairment were identified in a clinical substudy. Mixed models adjusting for age, sex, self‐rated depression and physical health, and total number of medications were used to analyse the data.ResultsThere was a significant main effect of anticholinergic group averaged across time for the Symbol Digits Modalities Test with poorer performance among anticholinergic medication users. Main effects for the other cognitive tests and mild cognitive impairment were non‐significant. No time by anticholinergic group interactions were significant.ConclusionsThis study suggests that exposure to anticholinergic medication is associated with lower level of complex attention in the young‐old, but not with greater cognitive decline over time. Although the clinical significance of this is not clear, caution should be taken when prescribing medications with anticholinergic effects to older persons. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Early serum HBsAg drop: A strong predictor of sustained virological response to pegylated interferon alfa-2a in HBeAg-negative patients #
Authors: Moucari Rami , Mackiewicz Vincent , Lada Olivier , Ripault Marie-Pierre , Castelnau Corinne , Martinot-Peignoux Michelle , Dauvergne Agnes , Asselah Tarik , Boyer Nathalie , Bedossa Pierre , Valla Dominique , Vidaud Michel , Nicolas-Chanoine Marie-Hélène , Marcellin Patrick 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Pegylated interferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFN) may induce sustained virological response (SVR) in 20% of hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-negative chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. In addition, loss of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is achieved with a 10% yearly rate after treatment cessation in sustained responders. The aim of this study was to assess on-treatment serum HBsAg kinetics to predict SVR in HBeAg-negative patients treated with PEG-IFN. Forty-eight consecutive patients were treated with PEG-IFN (180 μg/week) for 48 weeks. Serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA (COBAS TaqMan) and HBsAg (Abbott Architect HBsAg QT assay) were assessed at baseline, during treatment (weeks 12, 24, and 48), and during follow-up (weeks 72 and 96). SVR was defined as undetectable serum HBV DNA (<70 copies/mL) 24 weeks after treatment cessation. Twenty-five percent of patients achieved SVR. They were not different from those who failed treatment regarding age, sex, ethnicity, HBV genotype, baseline serum HBV DNA and HBsAg levels, or liver histology. During treatment, serum HBsAg levels decreased only in patients who developed SVR, with mean decreases of 0.8 ± 0.5, 1.5 ± 0.6, and 2.1 ± 1.2 log10 IU/mL at weeks 12, 24, and 48, respectively. A decrease of 0.5 and 1 log10 IU/mL in serum HBsAg levels at weeks 12 and 24 of therapy, respectively, had high predictive values of SVR (negative predictive value [NPV] 90%, positive predictive value [PPV] 89% for week 12; NPV 97%, PPV 92% for week 24). HBsAg loss was observed in three patients, all with SVR. Conclusion: Early serum HBsAg drop has high predictive values of SVR to PEG-IFN in HBeAg-negative CHB patients. Serum quantitative HBsAg may be a useful tool to optimize the management of PEG-IFN therapy in these patients. (Hepatology 2009.)
Radiologic–pathologic correlation of hepatocellular carcinoma treated with internal radiation using yttrium-90 microspheres #
Authors: Riaz Ahsun , Kulik Laura , Lewandowski Robert J. , Ryu Robert K. , Giakoumis Spear Georgia , Mulcahy Mary F. , Abecassis Michael , Baker Talia , Gates Vanessa , Nayar Ritu , Miller Frank H. , Sato Kent T. , Omary Reed A. , Salem Riad 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
We present the correlation between radiologic and pathologic findings in HCC patients who underwent radioembolization with yttrium-90 (90Y) microspheres prior to resection or transplantation. Thirty-five patients with a total of 38 lesions who underwent liver explantation after 90Y radioembolization were studied. Imaging surrogates following treatment were evaluated; the explants were examined for assessment of necrosis by pathology. The correlation betwen radiologic and histologic findings of the treated lesions was analyzed. Twenty-three of 38 (61%) target lesions showed complete pathologic necrosis. All target lesions demonstrated some degree of histologic necrosis at explant. Complete histologic necrosis was seen in 89% of lesions with pretreatment size <3 cm. Complete pathologic necrosis was seen in 100%, 78%, and 93% of the lesions that were shown to have complete response by European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) necrosis criteria, partial response by World Health Organizaton (WHO) criteria, or thin rim enhancement on posttreatment imaging, respectively. In contrast, complete pathologic necrosis was seen in only 52% and 38% of the lesions that showed partial response by EASL criteria and peripheral nodular enhancement, respectively. Conclusion: Post-radioembolization imaging findings of response by EASL and WHO criteria are predictive of the degree of pathologic necrosis. Rim enhancement was an imaging characteristic that correlated well with histologic necrosis. (Hepatology 2009.)
Differential microRNA expression between hepatitis B and hepatitis C leading disease progression to hepatocellular carcinoma #
Authors: Ura Shunsuke , Honda Masao , Yamashita Taro , Ueda Teruyuki , Takatori Hajime , Nishino Ryuhei , Sunakozaka Hajime , Sakai Yoshio , Horimoto Katsuhisa , Kaneko Shuichi 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
MicroRNA (miRNA) plays an important role in the pathology of various diseases, including infection and cancer. Using real-time polymerase chain reaction, we measured the expression of 188 miRNAs in liver tissues obtained from 12 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and 14 patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related HCC, including background liver tissues and normal liver tissues obtained from nine patients. Global gene expression in the same tissues was analyzed via complementary DNA microarray to examine whether the differentially expressed miRNAs could regulate their target genes. Detailed analysis of the differentially expressed miRNA revealed two types of miRNA, one associated with HBV and HCV infections (n = 19), the other with the stage of liver disease (n = 31). Pathway analysis of targeted genes using infection-associated miRNAs revealed that the pathways related to cell death, DNA damage, recombination, and signal transduction were activated in HBV-infected liver, and those related to immune response, antigen presentation, cell cycle, proteasome, and lipid metabolism were activated in HCV-infected liver. The differences in the expression of infection-associated miRNAs in the liver correlated significantly with those observed in Huh7.5 cells in which infectious HBV or HCV clones replicated. Out of the 31 miRNAs associated with disease state, 17 were down-regulated in HCC, which up-regulated cancer-associated pathways such as cell cycle, adhesion, proteolysis, transcription, and translation; 6 miRNAs were up-regulated in HCC, which down-regulated anti-tumor immune response. Conclusion: miRNAs are important mediators of HBV and HCV infection as well as liver disease progression, and therefore could be potential therapeutic target molecules. (Hepatology 2009.)
Thyroid hormone receptor ligands induce regression of rat preneoplastic liver lesions causing their reversion to a differentiated phenotype #
Authors: Perra Andrea , Kowalik Marta Anna , Pibiri Monica , Ledda-Columbano Giovanna M. , Columbano Amedeo 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Triiodothyronine (T3), through interaction with its intracellular thyroid hormone receptors (TRs), influences various physiological functions, including metabolism, development, and growth. We investigated the effect of T3 and the selective TR-β agonist GC-1 in two models of hepatocarcinogenesis. Preneoplastic lesions were induced in F-344 rats via a single dose of diethylnitrosamine, followed by a choline-deficient (CD) diet for 10 weeks. Rat subgroups were then fed the CD diet or a CD diet containing either 4 mg/kg T3 or 5 mg/kg GC-1 for another week. Rats fed a CD diet alone showed a large number (65/cm2) of preneoplastic lesions positive for the placental form of glutathione S-transferase (GSTP). Coadministration of T3 for the last week caused an almost complete disappearance of the foci (3/cm2). A reduction of GSTP-positive foci was also observed in rats fed a CD + GC-1 diet (28/cm2 versus 75/cm2 of rats fed a CD diet alone) in the absence of significant differences in labeling or apoptotic index of preneoplastic hepatocytes between the two groups. An antitumoral effect of GC-1 was also observed with the resistant hepatocyte model of hepatocarcinogenesis. Nodule regression was associated with a return to a fully differentiated phenotype, indicated by the loss of the fetal markers GSTP and gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and reacquisition of the activity of glucose 6-phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase, two enzymes expressed in normal hepatocytes. Conclusion: Our results indicate that activated TRs negatively influence the carcinogenic process through induction of a differentiation program of preneoplastic hepatocytes. The results also suggest that TRs could be a meaningful target in liver cancer therapy. (Hepatology 2009.)
A metric for space
Authors: Moser Edvard I. , Moser May‐Britt 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNot all areas of neuronal systems investigation have matured to the stage where computation can be understood at the microcircuit level. In mammals, insights into cortical circuit functions have been obtained for the early stages of sensory systems, where signals can be followed through networks of increasing complexity from the receptors to the primary sensory cortices. These studies have suggested how neurons and neuronal networks extract features from the external world, but how the brain generates its own codes, in the higher‐order nonsensory parts of the cortex, has remained deeply mysterious. In this terra incognita, a path was opened by the discovery of grid cells, place‐modulated entorhinal neurons whose firing locations define a periodic triangular or hexagonal array covering the entirety of the animal's available environment. This array of firing is maintained in spite of ongoing changes in the animal's speed and direction, suggesting that grid cells are part of the brain's metric for representation of space. Because the crystal‐like structure of the firing fields is created within the nervous system itself, grid cells may provide scientists with direct access to some of the most basic operational principles of cortical circuits. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grid cells and theta as oscillatory interference: Electrophysiological data from freely moving rats
Authors: Jeewajee A. , Barry C. , O'Keefe J. , Burgess N. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe oscillatory interference model (Burgess et al. (2007) Hippocampus 17:801–812) explains the generation of spatially stable, regular firing patterns by medial entorhinal cortical (mEC) grid cells in terms of the interference between velocity‐controlled oscillators (VCOs) with different preferred directions. This model predicts specific relationships between the intrinsic firing frequency and spatial scale of grid cell firing, the EEG theta frequency, and running speed (Burgess,2008). Here, we use spectral analyses of EEG and of spike autocorrelograms to estimate the intrinsic firing frequency of grid cells, and the concurrent theta frequency, in mEC Layer II in freely moving rats. The intrinsic firing frequency of grid cells increased with running speed and decreased with grid scale, according to the quantitative prediction of the model. Similarly, theta frequency increased with running speed, which was also predicted by the model. An alternative Moiré interference model (Blair et al.,2007) predicts a direction‐dependent variation in intrinsic firing frequency, which was not found. Our results suggest that interference between VCOs generates the spatial firing patterns of entorhinal grid cells according to the oscillatory interference model. They also provide specific constraints on this model of grid cell firing and have more general implications for viewing neuronal processing in terms of interfering oscillatory processes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grid cell mechanisms and function: Contributions of entorhinal persistent spiking and phase resetting
Authors: Hasselmo Michael E. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThis article presents a model of grid cell firing based on the intrinsic persistent firing shown experimentally in neurons of entorhinal cortex. In this model, the mechanism of persistent firing allows individual neurons to hold a stable baseline firing frequency. Depolarizing input from speed‐modulated head direction cells transiently shifts the frequency of firing from baseline, resulting in a shift in spiking phase in proportion to the integral of velocity. The convergence of input from different persistent firing neurons causes spiking in a grid cell only when the persistent firing neurons are within similar phase ranges. This model effectively simulates the two‐dimensional firing of grid cells in open field environments, as well as the properties of theta phase precession. This model provides an alternate implementation of oscillatory interference models. The persistent firing could also interact on a circuit level with rhythmic inhibition and neurons showing membrane potential oscillations to code position with spiking phase. These mechanisms could operate in parallel with computation of position from visual angle and distance of stimuli. In addition to simulating two‐dimensional grid patterns, models of phase interference can account for context‐dependent firing in other tasks. In network simulations of entorhinal cortex, hippocampus, and postsubiculum, the reset of phase effectively replicates context‐dependent firing by entorhinal and hippocampal neurons during performance of a continuous spatial alternation task, a delayed spatial alternation task with running in a wheel during the delay period (Pastalkova et al., Science, 2008), and a hairpin maze task. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
How heterogeneous place cell responding arises from homogeneous grids—A contextual gating hypothesis
Authors: M. Hayman Robin , Jeffery Kathryn J. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHow entorhinal grids generate hippocampal place fields remains unknown. The simplest hypothesis—that grids of different scales are added together—cannot explain a number of place field phenomena, such as (1) Summed grids form a repeating, dispersed activation pattern whereas place fields are focal and nonrepeating; (2) Grid cells are active in all environments but place cells only in some, and (3) Partial environmental changes cause either heterogeneous (“partial”) remapping in place cells whereas they result in all‐or‐nothing “realignment” remapping in grid cells. We propose that this dissociation between grid cell and place cell behavior arises in the entorhinal‐dentate projection. By our view, the grid‐cell/place‐cell projection is modulated by context, both organizationally and activationally. Organizationally, we propose that when the animal first enters a new environment, the relatively homogeneous input from the grid cells becomes spatially clustered by Hebbian processes in the dendritic tree so that inputs active in the same context and having overlapping fields come to terminate on the same sub‐branches of the tree. Activationally, when the animal re‐enters the now‐familiar environment, active contextual inputs select (by virtue of their clustered terminations) which parts of the dendritic tree, and therefore which grid cells, drive the granule cell. Assuming this pattern of projections, our model successfully produces focal hippocampal place fields that remap appropriately to contextual changes. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of moisture sorption of underwear material on clothing microclimate in a hot environment
Authors: Satsumoto Yayoi , Murayama Chikako , Takeuchi Masaaki 
Published: November 2008

AbstractIn this study, to investigate the thermal comfort of underwear, it was experimentally evaluated how the moisture sorption of underwear material affected the transient condition on the clothing microclimate under the summer heat environment by using a perspiration thermal manikin. Three kinds of underwear with different mixed spinning rates of moisture absorbing synthetic fiber (MAS) were compared. It was shown that the higher the mixed spinning rate of MAS, the larger the decline of the humidity in the clothing was in insensible perspiration. In comparison, for PET70 with 100% cotton (COT100), though each of the official moisture regions was almost the same, the microclimate humidity declined more rapidly in COT100 and returned to the original humidity in a shorter time. The integration value of the humidity decline which returned to the original value was the same between the two materials. To show the effect of the initial condition of the material, the underwear in a moderate humid condition, which was 30°C, 65% RH, was compared with one in a dry condition. The fall in the clothing microclimate of the humid condition was about one third that of the dry one. In sensible perspiration, though the humidity decline was seen, it returned to the original humidity faster than in the insensible condition. A temperature rise in the clothing and a temperature drop occurred as frequently as in the standard underwear during drying on the skin surface. This suggested that the endothermic reaction occurred as moisture desorbed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20220