bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Facial electromyographic responses to emotional information from faces and voices in individuals with pervasive developmental disorder
Authors: Magnée Maurice J.C.M. , De Gelder Beatrice , Van Engeland Herman , Kemner Chantal 
Published: July 2007

Background:  Despite extensive research, it is still debated whether impairments in social skills of individuals with pervasive developmental disorder (PDD) are related to specific deficits in the early processing of emotional information. We aimed to test both automatic processing of facial affect as well as the integration of auditory and visual emotion cues in individuals with PDD.Methods:  In a group of high‐functioning adult individuals with PDD and an age‐ and IQ‐matched control group, we measured facial electromyography (EMG) following presentation of visual emotion stimuli (facial expressions) as well as the presentation of audiovisual emotion pairs (faces plus voices). This emotionally driven EMG activity is considered to be a direct correlate of automatic affect processing that is not under intentional control.Results:  Our data clearly indicate that among individuals with PDD facial EMG activity is heightened in response to happy and fearful faces, and intact in response to audiovisual affective information.Conclusions:  This study provides evidence for enhanced sensitivity to facial cues at the level of reflex‐like emotional responses in individuals with PDD. Furthermore, the findings argue against impairments in crossmodal affect processing at this level of perception. However, given how little comparative work has been done in the area of multisensory perception, there is certainly need for further exploration.
Hepatitis B virus DNA–positive, hepatitis B surface antigen–negative blood donations intercepted by anti‐hepatitis B core antigen testing: the Canadian Blood Services experience
Authors: O'Brien Sheila F. , Fearon Margaret A. , Yi Qi‐Long , Fan Wenli , Scalia Vito , Muntz Irene R. , Vamvakas Eleftherios C. 
Published: July 2007

BACKGROUND: The benefit of introducing anti‐hepatitis B core antigen (HBc) screening for intercepting potentially infectious donations missed by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) screening in Canada was studied.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Anti‐HBc testing of all donations was implemented in April 2005, along with antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen (anti‐HBs) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA supplemental testing of anti‐HBc repeat‐reactive, HBsAg‐negative donations. The proportion of potentially infectious donations intercepted by anti‐HBc over the initial 18 months of testing was calculated based on three assumptions relating infectivity of HBV DNA–positive units to anti‐HBs levels. Lookback was conducted for all DNA‐positive donations.RESULTS: Of 493,344 donors, 5,585 (1.13%) were repeat‐reactive for the presence of anti‐HBc, with 29 (0.52%) being HBV DNA–positive and HBsAg‐negative. The proportion of potentially infectious donations intercepted by anti‐HBc screening was 1 in 17,800 if all HBV DNA–positive donations were infectious, 1 in 26,900 if infectivity was limited to donations with an anti‐HBs level of not more than 100 mIU per mL, and 1 in 69,300 if only donations with undetectable anti‐HBs were infectious. For 279 components in the lookback study, no traced recipients were HBsAg‐positive and 7 recipients were anti‐HBc–reactive in association with 4 donors, 3 of whom had an anti‐HBs level of more than 100 mIU per mL and 1 of whom had a level of 61 mIU per mL.CONCLUSION: Implementation of anti‐HBc screening reduced the risk of transfusing potentially infectious units by at least as much as had been expected based on the literature. The lookback did not provide proof of transfusion transmission of HBV from HBV DNA–positive, anti‐HBc–reactive, HBsAg‐negative donors but it did not establish lack of transmission either.
Influence of Temperature on Methods for Determining Silicon Solar Cell Series Resistance
Authors: Sabry M. , Ghitas Ahmed E. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Series resistance (Rs) is considered to be one of the most important parameters affecting solar cell performance, especially those operating under concentrated solar radiation. Many methods have been proposed where the estimated Rs values do not coincide or even come close to each other. In this paper, seven methods for determining Rs are reviewed and verified experimentally using a commercial single-crystal silicon solar cell (104cm2 of total area). Their differences lie principally in: (1) number of diodes quoted in the solar cell model; (2) other assumptions (constant ideality factor or not, infinite, or finite shunt resistance); and (3) simultaneous determination of other parameters or not. Based on these methods, Rs values were derived by extracting the necessary parameters from the measured I–V characteristics of the cell at different illuminations and cell temperatures. According to these methods, the obtained Rs values varied greatly in comparison with each other as well as its trend with temperature variation.
Severe
Toxoplasma gondii
I/III Recombinant-Genotype Encephalitis in a Human Immunodeficiency Virus Patient
Authors: Genot Séverine , Franck Jacqueline , Forel Jean-Marie , Rebaudet Stanislas , Ajzenberg Daniel , de Paula Andre Maues , Dardé Marie-Laure , Stein Andreas , Ranque Stéphane 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The reactivation of an uncommon type I/III recombinant-genotype
Toxoplasma gondii
strain resulted in unusually severe encephalitis and chorioretinitis associated with a cerebral salt wasting syndrome in an African human immunodeficiency virus patient. This observation suggests an influence of the parasite genotype on disease expression in immunocompromised patients.
Multiplex, Bead-Based Suspension Array for Molecular Determination of Common
Salmonella
Serogroups
Authors: Fitzgerald Collette , Collins Marcus , van Duyne Susan , Mikoleit Matthew , Brown Teresa , Fields Patricia 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

We report the development and evaluation of a
Salmonella
O-group-specific Bio-Plex assay to detect the six most common serogroups in the United States (B, C
1
, C
2
, D, E, and O13) plus serotype Paratyphi A. The assay is based on
rfb
gene targets directly involved in O-antigen biosynthesis; it can be completed 45 min post-PCR amplification. The assay correctly and specifically identified 362 of 384 (94.3%) isolates tested in comparison to traditional serotyping. Seventeen isolates (4.4%) produced results consistent with what is known about the molecular basis for serotypes but different from the results of traditional serotyping, and five isolates (1.3%) generated false-negative results. Molecular determination of the serogroup for rough isolates was consistent with a common serotype in most instances, indicating that this approach has the potential to provide O-group information for isolates that do not express an O antigen. We also report the sequence of the O-antigen-encoding
rfb
gene cluster from
Salmonella enterica
serotype Poona (serogroup O13). Compared with other, previously characterized
rfb
regions, the O13
rfb
gene cluster was most closely related to
Escherichia coli
O127 and O86. The O-group Bio-Plex assay described here provides an easy-to-use, high-throughput system for rapid detection of common
Salmonella
serogroups.
Serotype IX, a Proposed New
Streptococcus agalactiae
Serotype
Authors: Slotved Hans-Christian , Kong Fanrong , Lambertsen Lotte , Sauer Susanne , Gilbert Gwendolyn L. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

We identified three isolates of
Streptococcus agalactiae
(group B streptococcus [GBS]), of human origin, which failed to react with antisera against any of the nine known GBS serotypes. Polyclonal rabbit antisera raised against these isolates and standard GBS typing sera were used in capillary precipitation and Ouchterlony tests to compare the strains with known GBS serotype reference strains. All three previously nontypeable isolates reacted with all three new antisera, producing lines of identity in the Ouchterlony test. Weak cross-reactions with antisera against several GBS serotypes were observed but were removed by absorption with corresponding antigens. The new antisera were used to test 227 GBS isolates that had been nontypeable or difficult to type using standard antisera. Of these, five reacted with the new antisera. These results suggested that all eight isolates belong to the previously unrecognized GBS serotype. They were tested by Western blotting for the Cα and Cβ proteins and by PCR to identify molecular serotypes and surface protein antigen genes. Two segments of the
cps
gene cluster (3′ end of
cpsE
-
cpsF
and 5′ end of
cpsG
, approximately 700 bp; 3′ end of
cpsH
and 5′ end of
cpsM
, approximately 560 bp) were sequenced. All eight isolates expressed Cα, and seven expressing the Cβ protein and the corresponding genes,
bca
and
bac
, respectively, were identified. They all share the same, unique partial
cps
sequence. These results indicate that these eight isolates represent a new
S. agalactiae
serotype, which we propose should be designated serotype IX.
Use of Multiple-Displacement Amplification and Checkerboard DNA-DNA Hybridization To Examine the Microbiota of Endodontic Infections
Authors: Brito L. C. N. , Teles F. R. , Teles R. P. , França E. C. , Ribeiro-Sobrinho A. P. , Haffajee A. D. , Socransky S. S. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Multiple-displacement amplification (MDA) has been used to uniformly amplify bacterial genomes present in small samples, providing abundant targets for molecular analysis. The purpose of this investigation was to combine MDA and checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization to examine the microbiota of endodontic infections. Sixty-six samples were collected from teeth with endodontic infections. Nonamplified and amplified samples were analyzed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization for levels and proportions of 77 bacterial taxa. Counts, percentages of DNA probe counts, and percentages of teeth colonized for each species in amplified and nonamplified samples were computed. Significance of differences for each species between amplified and nonamplified samples was sought with Wilcoxon signed-rank test and adjusted for multiple comparisons. The amount of DNA in the samples ranged from 6.80 (± 5.2) ng before to 6.26 (± 1.73) μg after MDA. Seventy of the 77 DNA probes hybridized with one or more of the nonamplified samples. All probes hybridized with at least one sample after amplification. Most commonly detected species at levels of >10
4
in both amplified and nonamplified samples were
Prevotella tannerae
and
Acinetobacter baumannii
at frequencies between 89 and 100% of samples. The mean number of species at counts of >10
4
in amplified samples was 51.2 ± 2.2 and in nonamplified samples was 14.5 ± 1.7. The endodontic microbiota was far more complex than previously shown, although microbial profiles at teeth with or without periradicular lesions did not differ significantly. Species commonly detected in endodontic samples included
P. tannerae, Prevotella oris
, and
A. baumannii
.
TR1.3 Viral Pathogenesis and Syncytium Formation Are Linked to Env-Gag Cooperation
Authors: Murphy Samuel L. , Gaulton Glen N. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Infection with murine leukemia virus (MLV) TR1.3 or the related molecular construct W102G causes severe neuropathology in vivo. Infection is causally linked to the development of extensive syncytia in brain capillary endothelial cells (BCEC). These viruses also induce cell fusion of murine cell lines, such as SC-1 and NIH 3T3, which are otherwise resistant to MLV-induced syncytium formation. Although the virulence of these viruses maps within the
env
gene, the mechanism of fusion enhancement is not fully determined. To this end, we examined the capacity of the syncytium-inducing (SI) TR1.3 and W102G MLVs to overcome the fusion inhibitory activity inherent in the full-length Env cytoplasmic tail. These studies showed that the TR1.3 and W102G Envs did not induce premature cleavage of p2E, nor did they override p2E fusion inhibition. Indeed, in the presence of mutations that disrupt p2E function, the TR1.3 and W102G Envs significantly increased the extent of cell fusion compared to that with the non-syncytium-inducing MLV FB29. Surprisingly, we also observed that TR1.3 and W102G Envs failed to elicit syncytium formation in these in vitro assays. Coexpression of
gag-pol
with
env
restored syncytium formation, and accordingly, mutations within
gag-pol
were used to examine the minimal functional requirements for the SI phenotype. The results indicate that both
gag
-dependent particle budding and cleavage of p2E are required to activate the SI phenotype of TR1.3 and W102G viruses. Collectively, these data suggest that the TR1.3 and W102G viruses induce cell fusion by the fusion-from-without pathway.
A Vectored Measles Virus Induces Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Antibodies While Protecting Macaques against Measles Virus Challenge
Authors: del Valle Jorge Reyes , Devaux Patricia , Hodge Gregory , Wegner Nicholas J. , McChesney Michael B. , Cattaneo Roberto 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) acute and chronic infections remain a major worldwide health problem. Towards developing an anti-HBV vaccine with single-dose scheme potential, we engineered infectious measles virus (MV) genomic cDNAs with a vaccine strain background and expression vector properties. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) expression cassettes were inserted into this cDNA and three MVs expressing HBsAg at different levels generated. All vectored MVs, which secrete HBsAg as subviral particles, elicited humoral responses in MV-susceptible genetically modified mice. However, small differences in HBsAg expression elicited vastly different HBsAg antibody levels. The two vectors inducing the highest HBsAg antibody levels were inoculated into rhesus monkeys (
Macaca mulatta
). After challenge with a pathogenic MV strain (Davis
87
), control naive monkeys showed a classic measles rash and high viral loads. In contrast, all monkeys immunized with vaccine or a control nonvectored recombinant vaccine or HBsAg-expressing vectored MV remained healthy, with low or undetectable viral loads. After a single vaccine dose, only the vector expressing HBsAg at the highest levels elicited protective levels of HBsAg antibodies in two of four animals. These observations reveal an expression threshold for efficient induction of HBsAg humoral immune responses. This threshold is lower in mice than in macaques. Implications for the development of divalent vaccines based on live attenuated viruses are discussed.
Horizontal Transmission of Marek's Disease Virus Requires U
S
2, the U
L
13 Protein Kinase, and gC
Authors: Jarosinski Keith W. , Margulis Neil G. , Kamil Jeremy P. , Spatz Stephen J. , Nair Venugopal K. , Osterrieder Nikolaus 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Marek's disease virus (MDV) causes a general malaise in chickens that is mostly characterized by the development of lymphoblastoid tumors in multiple organs. The use of bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) for cloning and manipulation of the MDV genome has facilitated characterization of specific genes and genomic regions. The development of most MDV BACs, including pRB-1B-5, derived from a very virulent MDV strain, involved replacement of the

U
S
2

gene with mini-F vector sequences. However, when reconstituted viruses based on pRB-1B were used in pathogenicity studies, it was discovered that contact chickens housed together with experimentally infected chickens did not contract Marek's disease (MD), indicating a lack of horizontal transmission. Staining of feather follicle epithelial cells in the skins of infected chickens showed that virus was present but was unable to be released and/or infect susceptible chickens. Restoration of

U
S
2

and removal of mini-F sequences within viral RB-1B did not alter this characteristic, although in vivo viremia levels were increased significantly. Sequence analyses of pRB-1B revealed that the

U
L
13

,

U
L
44

, and

U
S
6

genes encoding the U
L
13 serine/threonine protein kinase, glycoprotein C (gC), and gD, respectively, harbored frameshift mutations. These mutations were repaired individually, or in combination, using two-step Red mutagenesis. Reconstituted viruses were tested for replication, MD incidence, and their abilities to horizontally spread to contact chickens. The experiments clearly showed that

U
S
2

,

U
L
13

, and
gC
in combination are essential for horizontal transmission of MDV and that none of the genes alone is able to restore this phenotype.
Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are associated with endothelial dysfunction during the development of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Okon Elena B. , Chung Ada W.Y. , Zhang Hongbin , Laher Ismail , van Breemen Cornelis 
Published: July 2007

Diabetes mellitus impairs endothelial function, which can be considered as the hallmark in the development of cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia are believed to contribute to endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, we investigated the possible links among these plasma metabolic markers and endothelial function in a mouse model during the development of type 2 diabetes. C57BL/6J-Lepob/ob mice at 8, 12, and 16 weeks were used to study endothelial function during the establishment of type 2 diabetes. Endothelial function was accessed in vitro in the thoracic aorta by measuring acetylcholine (ACh)-stimulated vasodilatation. Blood plasma was obtained for the measurements of glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol levels. Correlation and multiple regression analysis revealed strong negative associations between the ACh responsiveness and the plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles at the age of 8 weeks. Associations were observed at neither older age nor in C57BL/6J mice. In conclusion, the increase in plasma levels of glucose, insulin, and lipids is associated with the impairment of the endothelial function during the early stage of the development of type 2 diabetes. The loss of correlation at an older age suggests multifactorial regulation of endothelial function and cardiovascular complications at later stages of the disease.
Efficacy of moclobemide in a rat model of neurotoxicant-induced edema
Authors: Girard Philippe , Verniers Danielle , Pansart Yannick , Gillardin Jean-Marie 
Published: July 2007

The potent antidepressant effect of moclobemide, a selective and reversible type A monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor, is clinically established. In view of the ongoing debate on the neuroprotective properties of MAO inhibitors, the present study was undertaken to further define the protective effect of moclobemide in a rat model of neurotoxicant-induced edema. In this model, daily oral triethyltin (TET) administration for 5 consecutive days strongly perturbed the rat behaviour and induced a cerebral edema at the 5th day. Oral coadministration of moclobemide (2 × 100 mg·kg–1·day–1) with TET blocked the development of brain edema and the increase in the cerebral chloride content induced by TET. Moreover, moclobemide reduced the increase in the cerebral sodium content and attenuated the neurological deficit. In conclusion, moclobemide possesses potent protective properties in this rat model of cerebral edema, suggesting potential clinical utility as a neuroprotectant.
A Phase Ib and Pharmacokinetic Trial of Patupilone Combined with Carboplatin in Patients with Advanced Cancer
Authors: Forster Martin , Kaye Stan , Oza Amit , Sklenar Ivo , Johri Anandhi , Cheung Wing , Zaknoen Sara , Gore Martin 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Patupilone is a microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutic agent with clinical activity in a broad range of taxane-sensitive/resistant tumor types. The present phase Ib study examined the safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics of patupilone in combination with carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors.
Experimental Design: Patients with advanced cancer received patupilone via a 5- to 10-min i.v. infusion at doses of 3.6 to 6.0 mg/m2 q3w, immediately followed by carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) 5 or 6 mg/mL/min.
Results: Of the 37 patients enrolled, the majority previously received taxanes (81%) and/or platinum-containing drugs (97.3%). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of patupilone with carboplatin AUC 6 was 4.8 mg/m2; additional patients were enrolled to consolidate experience at this dose. Of the 22 patients who received the MTD, the most common nonhematologic adverse events were fatigue in six (27.3%) and diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and neuropathy in one each (4.5%; all grade 3); hematologic toxicities included two patients (9.1%) with grade 3 neutropenia. The pharmacokinetics of patupilone were similar to those in a previous study of patupilone monotherapy. Of the 26 patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer, tumor response was assessable by response evaluation criteria in solid tumors in 17; 1 patient (6%) achieved a complete response, and 10 (59%) achieved a partial response.
Conclusions: The combination of patupilone 4.8 mg/m2/carboplatin AUC 6 was well tolerated and showed antitumor activity similar to established regimens in patients with recurrent platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer. The optimal dose for this regimen is currently being further refined in phase II trials.
Thirty-Gene Pharmacogenomic Test Correlates with Residual Cancer Burden after Preoperative Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer
Authors: Peintinger Florentia , Anderson Keith , Mazouni Chafika , Kuerer Henry M. , Hatzis Christos , Lin Feng , Hortobagyi Gabriel N. , Symmans W. Fraser , Pusztai Lajos 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Purpose: We examined whether the response predicted by a 30-gene pharmacogenomic test correlated with the residual cancer burden (RCB) after preoperative chemotherapy with paclitaxel, 5-fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (T/FAC).
Experimental Design: Gene expression profiling was done at diagnosis in 74 patients with stages I to III breast cancer and was used to calculate a pharmacogenomic score and predict response to chemotherapy [pathologic complete response (pCR) or residual disease (RD)]. All patients received 6 months of preoperative T/FAC. Following pathologic review, a RCB score was calculated based on residual tumor and lymph node features. Four RCB classes were assigned; RCB-0 (pCR), RCB-I (near-PCR), RCB-II (moderate RD), and RCB-III (extensive RD). The correlations between the pharmacogenomic score, predicted pathologic response, RCB score, and RCB class were examined.
Results: Thirty-three patients were predicted to have pCR, and 40 were predicted to have RD. Observed responses were RCB-0: n = 20 (27%); RCB-I: n = 5 (7%); RCB-II: n = 36 (49%); and RCB-III: n = 13 (16%) patients. Pharmacogenomic and RCB scores were correlated (Pearson's R = −0.501, P &lt; 0.0001). There was no difference between the mean genomic predictor scores for RCB-0/I groups (P = 0.94), but these were different from the mean scores of the RCB-II/III groups (P &lt; 0.001). Among the 25 patients with RCB-0/I response, 19 (76%) were predicted to achieve pCR. The pharmacogenomic test correctly predicted RD in 92% of the patients with RCB-III, which corresponds to chemotherapy-resistant disease.
Conclusions: The 30-gene pharmacogenomic test showed good correlation with the extent of residual invasive cancer burden measured as both continuous and categorical variables.