bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Amelogenin positive cells scattered in the interstitial component of odontogenic fibromas
Authors: Kabasawa Y , Nagumo K , Takeda Y , Kawashima N , Okada N , Omura K , Yamaguchi A , Katsube K 
Published: March 2008

Background:Odontogenic tumours are often biphasic, consisting of epithelial and interstitial components, with an origin that is not well understood. Odontogenic fibromas are rich in mesenchymal component, but also have many epithelial nests.Aims:To investigate the origin of this tumour by immunohistochemistry.Methods:The expression of several odontogenic and epithelial markers, including amelogenin, was investigated by immunofluorescent studies.Results:Immunohistochemical analysis showed that epithelial nests exhibited E-cadherin expression, but not amelogenin. Amelogenin positive cells were scattered in the fibrous tissue, which did not exhibit epithelial marker expression except for epithelial membrane antigen. In one case that had received a test biopsy before whole resection of tumour, amelogenin positive cells were distributed in the regenerating mucosal epithelium or subepithelial tissue.Conclusions:Results indicate that amelogenin positive cells of odontogenic fibromas have an epithelial origin and may have the potential for epithelial mesenchymal transition, which has not to date been investigated in benign tumours.
Endothelial Differentiation of Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells from Patients with Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Ria Roberto , Piccoli Claudia , Cirulli Teresa , Falzetti Franca , Mangialardi Giuseppe , Guidolin Diego , Tabilio Antonio , Di Renzo Nicola , Guarini Attilio , Ribatti Domenico , Dammacco Franco , Vacca Angelo 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Vasculogenesis is a physiologic process typical of fetal development in which new blood vessels develop from undifferentiated precursors (or angioblasts). In tumors, near angiogenesis, vasculogenesis contributes to the formation of the microvascular plexus that is important for diffusion. Here, we show that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) of multiple myeloma (MM) patients are able to differentiate into cells with endothelial phenotype on exposure to angiogenic cytokines.
Experimental Design: Circulating HSPCs were purified with an anti-CD133 antibody from patients with newly diagnosed MM before autologous transplantation and exposed to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor-2 and insulin-like growth factor in a 3-week culture.
Results: HSPCs gradually lost CD133 expression and acquired VEGF receptor-2, factor VIII–related antigen, and vascular endothelial-cadherin expression. The expression pattern overlapped with paired MM endothelial cells (MMEC). During culture, cells adhered to fibronectin, spread, and acquired an endothelial cell shape. Differentiated HSPCs also became capillarogenic in the Matrigel assay with maximal activity at the third week of culture. Bone marrow biopsies revealed HSPCs inside the neovessel wall in patients with MM but not in those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance.
Conclusions: In patients with MM, but not in those with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, HSPCs contribute to the neovessel wall building together with MMECs. Therefore, besides angiogenesis, HSPC-linked vasculogenesis contributes to neovascularization in MM patients. Tentatively, we hypothesize that in HSPC cultures a multipotent cell population expressing low VEGF receptor-2 levels corresponds to the endothelial progenitor cell precursor and seems to be the MMEC precursor.
Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated and p21CIP1 Modulate Cell Survival of Drug-Induced Senescent Tumor Cells: Implications for Chemotherapy
Authors: Crescenzi Elvira , Palumbo Giuseppe , de Boer Jasper , Brady Hugh J.M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Purpose: Premature or stress-induced senescence is a major cellular response to chemotherapy in solid tumors and contributes to successful treatment. However, senescent tumor cells are resistant to apoptosis and may also reenter the cell cycle. We set out to find a means to specifically induce senescent tumor cells to undergo cell death and not to reenter the cell cycle that may have general application in cancer therapy.
Experimental Design: We investigated the mechanisms regulating cell survival in drug-induced senescent tumor cells. Using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry–based techniques, we established the status of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) signaling pathway in these cells. We assayed the requirement of ATM signaling and p21CIP1 expression for survival in premature senescent tumor cells using pharmacologic inhibitors and antisense oligonucleotides.
Results: The ATM/ATR (ATM- and Rad3-related) signaling pathway was found to be constitutively active in drug-induced senescent tumor cells. We found that blocking ATM/ATR signaling with pharmacologic inhibitors, including the novel ATM inhibitors KU55933 and CGK733, induced senescent breast, lung, and colon carcinoma cells to undergo cell death. We show that the mechanism of action of this effect is directly via p21CIP1, which acts downstream of ATM. This is in contrast to the effects of ATM inhibitors on normal, untransformed senescent cells.
Conclusions: Blocking ATM and/or p21CIP1 following initial treatment with a low dose of senescence-inducing chemotherapy is a potentially less toxic and highly specific treatment for carcinomas.
A novel B-RAF inhibitor blocks interleukin-8 (IL-8) synthesis in human melanoma xenografts, revealing IL-8 as a potential pharmacodynamic biomarker
Authors: Crawford Shelby , Belajic Daniel , Wei Jianmei , Riley Jason P. , Dunford Paul J. , Bembenek Scott , Fourie Anne , Edwards James P. , Karlsson Lars , Brunmark Anders , Wolin Ronald L. , Blevitt Jonathan M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
B-RAF mutations have been identified in the majority of melanoma and a large fraction of colorectal and papillary thyroid carcinoma. Drug discovery efforts targeting mutated B-RAF have yielded several interesting molecules, and currently, three compounds are undergoing clinical evaluation. Inhibition of B-RAF in animal models leads to a slowing of tumor growth and, in some cases, tumor reduction. Described within is a novel series of diaryl imidazoles with potent, single-digit nanomolar, anti-B-RAF activity. One compound from this series has been detailed here and has been shown to block B-RAFV600E-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation in SK-MEL-28 melanoma cells as well as soft agar colony formation and proliferation. Importantly, interleukin-8 (IL-8) was identified by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA as a product of the elevated mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in these cells. Plasma concentrations of IL-8 in mice bearing melanoma xenografts were significantly reduced following exposure to B-RAF inhibitors. Taken together, these data suggest that IL-8 could serve as a tractable clinical biomarker. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(3):492–9]
Gene-Viral Cancer Therapy Using Dual-Regulated Oncolytic Adenovirus with Antiangiogenesis Gene for Increased Efficacy
Authors: Su Changqing , Na Manli , Chen Jie , Wang Xinghua , Liu Yongjing , Wang Weiguo , Zhang Qi , Li Linfang , Long Ju , Liu Xinyuan , Wu Mengchao , Fan Xiaolong , Qian Qijun 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAD) represents a promising approach for cancer therapy. Several CRADs controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter have been developed. However, because of their replicative capacity, the importance of cancer specificity for CRADs needs to be further emphasized. In this study, we have developed a novel dual-regulated CRAD, CNHK500-mE, which has its E1a and E1b gene controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter and the hypoxia response element, respectively. It also carries a mouse endostatin expression cassette controlled by the cytomegalovirus promoter. These properties allow for increased cancer cell targeting specificity and decreased adverse side effects. We showed that CNHK500-mE preferentially replicated in cancer cells. Compared with a replication-defective vector carrying the same endostatin expression cassette, CNHK500-mE–mediated transgene expression level was markedly increased via viral replication within cancer cells. In the nasopharyngeal tumor xenograft model, CNHK500-mE injection resulted in antitumor efficacy at day 7 after therapy. Three weeks later, it led to significant inhibition of xenograft tumor growth due to the combined effects of viral oncolytic therapy and antiangiogenesis gene therapy. Pathologic examination showed that most cancer cells were positive for adenoviral capsid protein and for apoptotic terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase–mediated dUTP nick end labeling in the CNHK500-mE–treated tumor tissues, and the microvessels in these tumor tissues were diminished in quantity and abnormal in morphology. These results suggest that, as a potential cancer therapeutic agent, the CNHK500-mE is endowed with higher specificity to cancer cells and low cytotoxicity to normal cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):568–75)
CXCL16 Functions as a Novel Chemotactic Factor for Prostate Cancer Cells In vitro
Authors: Lu Yi , Wang Jianhua , Xu Yang , Koch Alisa E. , Cai Zhong , Chen Xue , Galson Deborah L. , Taichman Russell S. , Zhang Jian 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
A variety of tumor cells produce chemokines that promote tumor cell proliferation and chemotaxis. We previously reported that CXCL16 production is increased in aggressive prostate cancer cells compared with the less aggressive tumor cells and benign cells as identified in a cytokine antibody array. The functional contribution of CXCL16 in prostate cancer development has not yet been evaluated. Accordingly, mRNA expression of CXCL16 and its receptor, CXCR6, were determined by real-time reverse transcription-PCR in various cancer cell lines, including prostate cancer and tissues obtained from localized and metastatic prostate cancer. Consistent with our finding on CXCL16 protein production by prostate cancer cells, aggressive prostate cancer C4-2B and PC3 cells, as well as bone and liver metastatic tissues, expressed higher levels of both CXCL16 and CXCR6 mRNA compared with the less aggressive prostate cancer LNCaP cells, nonneoplastic PrEC and RWPE-1 cells, and benign prostate tissues, respectively. Furthermore, CXCR6 and CXCL16 protein expressions were examined in tissue specimens by immunohistochemistry. Immunohistochemical examination of CXCR6 expression showed strong epithelial staining that correlated with Gleason score, whereas CXCL16 staining was not. Finally, we found that both interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α significantly induced CXCL16 production by prostate epithelial cells, thereby indicating that inflammatory cytokines may play a role in the CXCL16 induction. CXCL16 was found to promote prostate cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro. Therefore, we concluded that CXCL16 functions, through CXCR6, as a novel chemotactic factor for prostate cancer cells. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(4):546–54)
Glycaemic control improves fibrin network characteristics in type 2 diabetes – A purified fibrinogen model
Authors: Covic Namukolo , van der Westhuizen Francois , Nagaswami Chandrasekaran , Baras Yelena , Loots Du , Jerling Johann , Elgar Dale , Edmondson Kathryn , van Zyl Danie , Rheeder Paul , Weisel John , Pieters Marlien 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDiabetic subjects have been shown to have altered fibrin network structures. One proposed mechanism for this is non-enzymatic glycation of fibrinogen due to high blood glucose. We investigated whether glycaemic control would result in altered fibrin network structures due to decreased fibrinogen glycation. Twenty uncontrolled type 2 diabetic subjects were treated with insulin in order to achieve glycaemic control. Twenty age- and body mass index (BMI)-matched non-diabetic subjects were included as a reference group. Purified fibrinogen, isolated from plasma samples was used for analysis. There was a significant decrease in fibrinogen glycation (6.81 to 5.02 mol glucose/mol fibrinogen) with a corresponding decrease in rate of lateral aggregation (5.86 to 4.62) and increased permeability (2.45 to 2.85 × 10−8 cm2) and lysis rate (3.08 to 3.27 μm/min) in the diabetic subjects after glycaemic control. These variables correlated with markers of glycaemic control. Fibrin clots of non-diabetic subjects had a significantly higher ratio of inelastic to elastic deformation than the diabetic subjects (0.10 vs. 0.09). Although there was no difference in median fiber diameter between diabetic and non-diabetic subjects, there was a small increase in the proportion of thicker fibers in the diabetic samples after glycaemic control. Results from SDS-PAGE indicated no detectable difference in factor XIIIa-crosslinking of fibrin clots between uncontrolled and controlled diabetic samples. Diabetic subjects may have altered fibrin network formation kinetics which contributes to decreased pore size and lysis rate of fibrin clots. Achievement of glycaemic control and decreased fibrinogen glycation level improves permeability and lysis rates in a purified fibrinogen model
Error Negativity Does Not Reflect Conflict: A Reappraisal of Conflict Monitoring and Anterior Cingulate Cortex Activity
Authors: Burle Borís , Roger Clémence , Allain Sonia , Vidal Franck , Hasbroucq Thierry 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Our ability to detect and correct errors is essential for our adaptive behavior. The conflict-loop theory states that the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) plays a key role in detecting the need to increase control through conflict monitoring. Such monitoring is assumed to manifest itself in an electroencephalographic (EEG) component, the “error negativity” (N e or “error-related negativity” [ERN]). We have directly tested the hypothesis that the ACC monitors conflict through simulation and experimental studies. Both the simulated and EEG traces were sorted, on a trial-by-trial basis, as a function of the degree of conflict, measured as the temporal overlap between incorrect and correct response activations. The simulations clearly show that conflict increases as temporal overlap between response activation increases, whereas the experimental results demonstrate that the amplitude of the N e decreases as temporal overlap increases, suggesting that the ACC does not monitor conflict. At a functional level, the results show that the duration of the N e depends on the time needed to correct (partial) errors, revealing an “on-line” modulation of control on a very short time scale.
Bursaphelenchus chengi sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) isolated at Nanjing, China, in packaging wood from Taiwan
Authors: Li Hongmei , Trinh Phap Quang , Waeyenberge Lieven , Moens Maurice 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Bursaphelenchus chengi sp. n. is described and illustrated. Dauer juveniles
were isolated from imported wood packaging materials from Taiwan to Nanjing
Port, China. Bursaphelenchus chengi sp. n. was reared and maintained on
Petri dish cultures of the fungus Botrytis cinerea. The new species is
characterised by the medium body size in both sexes, the presence of only
two incisures in the lateral field and the robust and strongly curved
spicules. The spicule lamina is angular distally, the rostrum digitate and
the condylus rounded. The tail is arcuate with a pointed terminus. The bursa
is usually truncate with the posterior margin indented in some specimens or
rounded with a fine axial point. Females have a small vulval flap formed by
a short extension of the cuticle of the anterior lip, and a conical tail
that gradually tapers to an almost straight or slightly recurved, pointed or
rounded terminus. Because of the presence of two lateral lines, similar
spicule shape, tapering female tail and the presence of a small vulval flap,
B. chengi sp. n. should be grouped in the abietinus-group sensu Braasch.
together with B. abietinus, B. antoniae, B. hellenicus, B. hylobianum and B.
rainulfi. ITS-RFLP profiles support the proposal of the new species, and
phylogenetic analysis of the 28S rDNA D2/D3 domain sequence places it close
to B. antoniae and other species of the abietinus-group.
A Reexamination of the Jordan Mean Tropical Sounding Based on Awareness of the Saharan Air Layer: Results from 2002
Authors: Dunion Jason P. , Marron Christopher S. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The Jordan mean tropical sounding has provided a benchmark for representing the climatology of the tropical North Atlantic and Caribbean Sea since 1958. However, recent studies of the Saharan air layer (SAL) have suggested that the tropical atmosphere in these oceanic regions may contain two distinct soundings (SAL and non-SAL) with differing thermodynamic and kinematic structures and that a single mean sounding like Jordan’s does not effectively represent these differences. This work addresses this possibility by examining over 750 rawinsondes from the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the 2002 hurricane season. It was found that a two-peak bimodal moisture distribution (dry SAL and moist non-SAL) exists in this region and that the Jordan sounding does not represent either distribution particularly well. Additionally, SAL soundings exhibited higher values of geopotential height, unique temperature profiles, and stronger winds (with an enhanced easterly component) compared to the moist tropical non-SAL soundings. The results of this work suggest that the Jordan mean tropical sounding may need to be updated to provide a more robust depiction of the thermodynamics and kinematics that exist in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea during the hurricane season.
Thermal Contrast between the Middle-Latitude Asian Continent and Adjacent Ocean and Its Connection to the East Asian Summer Precipitation
Authors: Cheng Huaqiong , Wu Tongwen , Dong Wenjie 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
To analyze the middle-to-lower-troposphere atmospheric thermal contrast between the middle latitude over the Asian continent and over its eastern adjacent ocean near Japan, an empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) data of the June–August (JJA) 500-hPa geopotential height over the Asia–Pacific area (10°–80°N, 60°–180°E) during 1958–2000 was done. It shows that the dominating pattern of the thermal contrast may well be represented by a “seesaw” of 500-hPa geopotential height anomalies between a land area (40°–55°N, 75°–90°E) and an oceanic area (35°–42.5°N, 140°– 150°E). An index showing the difference between the two areas is defined as the middle-latitude land–sea thermal contrast index (LSI). The LSI has significant interannual and interdecadal variability. Its interannual variation is mainly attributed to the atmospheric thermal condition over the ocean, which has a remarkably regional unique feature, while the interdecadal variability is greatly attributed to that over the land.
The LSI has a close connection to the East Asian summer precipitation. The results show that large (small) LSI is related to high (low) summer precipitation in the middle to lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Korea, Japan, and its eastern adjacent ocean at the same latitude, and low (high) precipitation in the South China Sea and tropical western Pacific, as well as low (high) precipitation in north China and high-latitude northeast Asia. The pattern of correlation between LSI and precipitation resembles the spatial distribution of the principle EOF mode of year-to-year precipitation variations. Furthermore, the variation of LSI is highly correlated to the time series of the first EOF mode of summer precipitation anomalies. This suggests that the middle-latitude land–sea thermal contrast is one of important factors to influence on the summer precipitation variations over the area from the whole East Asia to the western Pacific. The possible physical mechanisms of the land–sea thermal contrast impacting the East Asian summer monsoon precipitation are also investigated.
Convective Systems of the North Australian Monsoon
Authors: Pope Mick , Jakob Christian , Reeder Michael J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
The climatology of convection over northern Australia and the surrounding oceans, based on six wet seasons (September–April), is derived from the Japanese Meteorological Agency Geostationary Meteorological Satellite-5 (GMS-5) IR1 channel for the years from 1995/96 to 2000/01. This is the first multiyear study of this kind. Clouds are identified at two cloud-top temperature thresholds: 235 and 208 K. The annual cycle of cloudiness over northern Australia shows an initial (October–November) buildup over the Darwin region before widespread cloudiness develops over the entire region during the monsoon months (December–February), followed by a northward contraction during March and April. Tracking mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) reveals that both the size of the cloud systems and their lifetimes follow power-law distributions. For short-lived MCSs (less than 12 h), the initial expansion of the cloudy area is related to the lifetime, with mergers important for long-lived MCSs (greater than 24 h). During periods of deep zonal flow, which coincide with the active phase of the monsoon, the number of convective elements in the Darwin region peaks in the early afternoon, which is characteristic of the diurnal cycle over land. In contrast, when the zonal flow is deep and easterly and the monsoon is in a break phase, the areal extent of the convective elements in the Darwin region is greatest in the late morning, which is more typical of maritime convection.
Extreme Helicity and Intense Convective Towers in Hurricane Bonnie
Authors: Molinari John , Vollaro David 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Helicity was calculated in Hurricane Bonnie (1998) using tropospheric-deep dropsonde soundings from the NASA Convection and Moisture Experiment. Large helicity existed downshear of the storm center with respect to the ambient vertical wind shear. It was associated with veering, semicircular hodographs created by strong, vortex-scale, radial-vertical flow induced by the shear. The most extreme values of helicity, among the largest ever reported in the literature, occurred in the vicinity of deep convective cells in the downshear-left quadrant. These cells reached as high as 17.5 km and displayed the temporal and spatial scales of supercells.
Convective available potential energy (CAPE) averaged 861 J kg−1 downshear, but only about one-third as large upshear. The soundings nearest the deep cells were evaluated using two empirical supercell parameters that make use of CAPE, helicity, and/or shear. These parameters supported the possible existence of supercells as a consequence of the exceptional helicity combined with moderate but sufficient CAPE. Ambient vertical wind shear exceeded 12 m s−1 for 30 h, yet the hurricane maintained 50 m s−1 maximum winds. It is hypothesized that the long-lived convective cells enabled the storm to resist the negative impact of the shear.
Supercells in large-helicity, curved-hodograph environments appear to provide a useful conceptual model for intense convection in the hurricane core. Helicity calculations might also give some insight into the behavior of vortical hot towers, which share some characteristics with supercells.