bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Direct in vivo access to potential gene targets of the RPD3 histone deactylase using fitness‐based interferential genetics
Authors: Daniel Jacques 
Published: May 2007

AbstractUsing the fitness‐based interferential genetics (FIG) approach in yeast, potential in vivo gene targets of the Rpd3 histone deacetylase were selected. In agreement with previous studies using different methods, three genes were found to be involved in the translational machinery (MRPL27, FHL1 and RDN1). Moreover, other selected genes are linked to cell‐cycle control (CSE4, AMN1, VAC17 and GRR1). In addition to playing a crucial role in cell cycle progression to the S phase and participating in the G2–M transition, GRR1 has important functions related to nutrient import to the cell via the the derepression of hexose transporters and the induction of amino acid permeases. Consistent with this, FIG selection also retrieved: the PMA1 gene, encoding the plasma H+‐membrane ATPase; FOL2 and FOL3, involved in folic acid biosynthesis; and UBR2, which indirectly downregulates the proteasome genes. Finally, the other selected genes, ISU1, involved in the biosynthesis of the iron–sulphur cluster in mitochondria, and the less well functionally defined BSC5 and YBR270c, may participate in the cell's antioxidant and stress defence. The genes emerging from this FIG selection thus appear to be part of the downstream molecular mechanisms of the TOR signalling pathway, accounting for its effects on cell proliferation and longevity. From our results on gene expression under conditions of RPD3 overexpression, and by comparison with the available pharmacogenomics studies, it is proposed that FIG could be an invaluable approach for contributing to our understanding of complex cell regulatory systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic characterization of commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae isolates recovered from vineyard environments
Authors: Schuller Dorit , Pereira Leonor , Alves Hugo , Cambon Brigitte , Dequin Sylvie , Casal Margarida 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOne hundred isolates of the commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain Zymaflore VL1 were recovered from spontaneous fermentations carried out with grapes collected from vineyards located close to wineries in the Vinho Verde wine region of Portugal. Isolates were differentiated based on their mitochondrial DNA restriction patterns and the evaluation of genetic polymorphisms was carried out by microsatellite analysis, interdelta sequence typing and pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Genetic patterns were compared to those obtained for 30 isolates of the original commercialized Zymaflore VL1 strain. Among the 100 recovered isolates we found a high percentage of chromosomal size variations, most evident for the smaller chromosomes III and VI. Complete loss of heterozygosity was observed for two isolates that had also lost chromosomal heteromorphism; their growth and fermentative capacity in a synthetic must medium was also affected. A considerably higher number of variant patterns for interdelta sequence amplifications was obtained for grape‐derived strains compared to the original VL1 isolates. Our data show that the long‐term presence of strain VL1 in natural grapevine environments induced genetic changes that can be detected using different fingerprinting methods. The observed genetic changes may reflect adaptive mechanisms to changed environmental conditions that yeast cells encounter during their existence in nature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bemerkungen über die Methode von G. Duffing zur Integration von Differentialgleichungen
Authors: Pflanz Erwin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBei der Duffingschen Lösungsmethode des Anfangswertproblems einer Diffgl. y′ (x) = f (x, y) mit y (x1) = y1 ergibt sich für eine Näherung Y von y (x) (x = x1 + h) eine Gleichung, in der auch Ableitungen von f auftreten. Diese und ähnliche Bestimmungsgleichungen für Näherungen Y (beliebig hoher Ordnung in h) von y lassen sich auch aus einer Verallgemeinerung der Taylorentwicklung für Funktionen einer Variablen entnehmen. Unter Voraussetzung der Monotonie einer gewissen Ableitung von f im betreffenden Intervall kann man den genauen Wert y (x1 + h) durch solche Näherungen Y in Schranken einschließen. Nach Übertragung der verallgemeinerten Taylorentwicklung auf Funktionen zweier Variablen werden damit zwei Verfahren (2. und 4. Ordnung) zur Lösung partieller Differentialgleichungen 1. Ordnung hergeleitet.
Fehlertrennung durch Wahrscheinlichkeitsbetrachtung
Authors: Meurers Joseph 
Published: May 2007

AbstractEs wird eine Methode angegeben, die Fehler zweier voneinander verschiedener Meßweisen ein und derselben Größe zu trennen, wenn keine Anhaltspunkte dafür vorliegen, wie sich in der Praxis der beiden Meßarten die Fehler in den Meßresultaten auswirken. Durch eine Analyse der Wahrscheinlichkeiten in der Verteilung der Differenzen, welche die Messungen der betreffenden Größe nach beiden Methoden ergeben, über die zu messenden Argumente der beiden Meßweisen ist es möglich, diejenigen Wertintervalle für die zu messende Größe zu finden, in denen sich die eine bzw. die andere Meßmethode besonders durch ihre Fehler bemerkbar macht.
Über Bewegungen eines Schwingers unter dem Einfluß von Schwarz‐Weiß‐Regelungen I. Bewegungen eines Schwingers von einem Freiheitsgrad; Regelung mit Stellungszuordnung ohne Schaltverschiebungen
Authors: Flügge‐Lotz I. , Klotter K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSogenannte Schwarz‐Weiß‐Regelungen (auch Ja‐Nein‐Regelungen genannt) werden wegen ihres einfachen konstruktiven Aufbaus vielfach stetigen Regelungen vorgezogen. Wir beschränken uns in der vorliegenden Arbeit darauf, eine „ideale”︁ Regelung zu untersuchen, bei der das Stellglied dem Kommando, das durch die „Regelungsfunktion”︁ gegeben wird, sofort gehorcht. Die Schwingungseigenschaften des Stellgliedes und die Unvollkommenheiten im Gestänge, Fühler und Mischaggregat werden also zunächst vernachlässigt. Demnach erfolgt die Bewegung des Stellgliedes, solange auch für die Praxis die Abweichungen von der „idealen”︁ Regelung vernachlässigt werden können, im Takt der Bewegung des Hauptsystems. Das Ziel unserer Untersuchung ist, eine Übersicht über den Einfluß der System‐und Regelbeiwerte auf das zu erreichende Abklingverhalten zu gewinnen.
Pfeil‐Diagramme für Zylinderfunktionen
Authors: Emde Fritz 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDiagramme für verschiedene Zylinderfunktionen desselben Arguments mit gleichen oder entgegengesetzt gleichen Parametern. Polardiagramm für eine Besselsche oder Hankelsche Funktion festen rein imaginären Arguments mit stetig veränderlichem Parameter. Umlaufs‐Diagramme.
Reduced Neuronal Innervation in the Distal End of the Proximal Esophageal Atretic Segment in Cases of Esophageal Atresia with Distal Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Boleken Mehmet , Demirbilek Savas , Kirimiloglu Hale , Kanmaz Turan , Yucesan Selcuk , Celbis Osman , Uzun Ibrahim 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundEsophageal dysmotility is a common occurence after surgical repair of proximal esophageal atresia (EA) and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). The etiology of this motility disorder, however, remains controversial. Esophageal dysmotility also is present in isolated TEF or EA before surgery, suggesting a congenital cause. However, there is no information available in the literature with regard to the intramural nervous system of the human esophagus in EA‐TEF.Patients and MethodsWe examined the distal end of proximal esophageal atretic segment of neonates undergoing EA‐TEF repair for intrinsic neuronal innervation. Using specific antibodies, we studied neuronal markers of specimens from nine cases of EA‐TEF and 9 cases of normal esophagus by immunohistochemistry using neurofilament (NF), synaptophysin (SY), S100, and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF).ResultsIn the atretic segment, specimens staining with hematoxylin and eosin showed that there were marked hypoganglionosis and immature ganglion cells in the myenteric plexus. GDNF immunoreactivity in the atretic esophagus were markedly reduced in both the muscular layer and myenteric plexus. SY and NF‐immunorective nerve fibers were distributed throughout the myenteric plexus of the normal esophagus, but the scarcity of these immunoreactive nerve fibers in the atretic esophagus was apparent. In contrast, the density of immunorective nerve fibers for S100 in the myenteric plexus and muscular layer was increased in the distal end of the atretic esophagus.ConclusionWe concluded that the distribution of ganglion cells and some nerve fibers in the distal end of the atretic esophageal segment is deficient. Inadequate and abnormal neuronal innervation of the esophagus could be related to the esophageal dysmotility seen in EA. Because GDNF is a survival factor for central and peripheral neurons, defective expression of GDNF could have an important role in the defective and/or abnormal neuronal innervation of atretic esophageal segment.
Strength of Esophageal Closure Techniques With and Without Tissue Reinforcement
Authors: Yeginsu Ali , Ergin Makbule , Erkorkmaz Unal 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of esophagotomy closure techniques on the esophageal bursting pressure.Materials and methodsAltogether, 122 freshly dead sheep esophagi received from the local slaughterhouse were prepared for manual closure. After esophagotomy, the specimens were divided into four groups. An interrupted mucosal suture pattern (n = 30), an interrupted mucosal‐submucosal suture pattern (n = 30), an interrupted mucosal‐submucosal + over‐over continuous muscular suture pattern (n = 32), and an interrupted mucosal‐submucosal + reinforcement with a diaphragmatic part with full‐thickness interrupted U suture pattern (n = 30) were used for esophagotomy closure; 4‐0 silk was used in all specimens. Bursting pressures were measured with a sphygmomanometer.ResultsWe found a statistically significant difference among the bursting pressures of all groups (p < 0.001). The bursting pressure values gradually increased from group 1 to group 4 (47.6 ± 22.7, 86.2 ± 49.5, 185.4 ± 53.5, and 226.8 ± 62.4 mmHg, respectively). Reinforcing the esophageal suture line with tissue significantly increased the bursting pressure compared to the other groups.ConclusionsEach layer of the esophagus significantly contributes to strengthening esophageal wall tension with primary esophageal closure, and reinforcement of the esophageal suture with tissue provides an additional significant increase in the bursting pressure of the esophagus.
Serum Levels of Uric Acid and Diabetes Mellitus Influence Survival after Surgery for Primary Hyperparathyroidism: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Bergenfelz Anders , Bladström Anna , Their Mark , Nordenström Erik , Valdemarsson Stig , Westerdahl Johan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundPrimary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is associated with an increased mortality attributable to cardiovascular disease (CVD), suggested to be alleviated by surgery. The exact mechanism of the beneficial influence of parathyroidectomy on survival is unknown. Furthermore, studies suggest that there is no increased mortality compared to the mortality rate in the general population during recent years. This study therefore investigated relative survival (RS), as well overall mortality associated with the clinical and biochemical variables in patients undergoing operation for sporadic pHPT. Furthermore, the influence of surgery on biochemical variables associated with pHPT was analyzed.MethodsA group of 323 patients with sporadic pHPT operated between September 1989 and July 2003 were followed from surgery over a 10‐year period. The median and mean follow‐up time was 69 and 70 months, respectively (range: 1–120 months). Relative survival (RS) was calculated, and the impact of clinical and biochemical variables on overall death were evaluated.ResultsPostoperatively, serum levels of triglycerides and uric acid decreased. Glucose levels and glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged. A decreased RS was evident during the latter part of the 10 year follow‐up period. In the multivariate Cox‐analysis, diabetes mellitus (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.8, 95%; confidence interval [CI] 1.2–6.7), and the combination of an increased level of serum uric acid and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (HR = 8.6, 95%; CI 1.5–49.7) was associated with a higher mortality. The increased risk of death was evident for patients with persistently increased levels of uric acid postoperatively (HR = 4.8, 95%; CI = 1.4–16.01)ConclusionsPatients undergoing operation for pHPT had a decreased RS during a 10‐year follow‐up compared to the general population. This decrease in RS is associated with diabetes mellitus and increased levels of uric acid pre‐and postoperatively.
The Influence of High Serum Testosterone Levels on the Long‐term Prognosis in Male Patients Undergoing Hepatectomy for Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma without Vascular Invasion
Authors: Lin Min‐Che , Wu Cheng‐Chung , Cheng Shao‐Bin , Liu Tse‐Jia , P’eng Fang‐Ku 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe influence of high serum testosterone levels on the long‐term prognosis in male patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to conduct a retrospective investigation of the impact of high serum testosterone levels on the risk of tumor recurrence and long‐term prognosis in male patients undergoing hepatectomy for early stage HCC without vascular invasion.MethodsBetween August 1995 and March 1999, 42 male patients undergoing curative hepatectomy for HCC of tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stages I and II without vascular invasion were enrolled in the study. Preoperative serum testosterone concentration was measured. The clinicopathological features, tumor recurrence rates, and 5‐year disease‐free and actuarial survival after hepatectomy were compared between the patients with serum testosterone levels in the upper half (group I, n = 21) and the patients in the lower half (group II, n = 21).ResultsThe background and clinicopathological features did not differ significantly between groups I and group II. All survivors were followed up for more than 5 years. Until March 2005, patients in group I, with serum testosterone levels in the upper half, had a significantly higher percentage of 5‐year tumor recurrence than group II, with lower testosterone levels (76.2% versus 28.6%; p < 0.005). The patients in group I also had a significantly inferior 5‐year disease‐free (p < 0.01) and actuarial (p < 0.05) survival rates than patients in group II.ConclusionsMale patients with high serum testosterone levels undergoing hepatectomy for early stage HCC without vascular invasion have significantly higher 5‐year tumor recurrence rates and an inferior long‐term prognosis than patients with low testosterone levels. These findings signal a strategy of adjuvant anti‐androgen treatment selectively targeted for the male patients with high serum testosterone levels after hepatectomy for early stage HCC without vascular invasion to achieve better long‐term outcome.
Inhibition of oxidation in 10% oil‐in‐water emulsions by β‐carotene with α‐ and γ‐tocopherols
Authors: Heinonen Marina , Haila Katri , Lampi Anna‐Maija , Piironen Vieno 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe effects of low concentrations of β‐carotene, α‐, and γ‐tocopherol were evaluated on autoxidation of 10% oil‐in‐water emulsions of rapeseed oil triacylglycerols. At concentrations of 0.45, 2, and 20 µg/g, β‐carotene was a prooxidant, based on the formation of lipid hydroperoxides, hexanal, or 2‐heptenal. In this emulsion, 1.5, 3, and 30 µg/g of γ‐tocopherol, as well as 1.5 µg/g of α‐tocopherol, acted as antioxidants and inhibited both the formation and decomposition of lipid hydroperoxides. Moreover, at a level of 1.5 µg/g, γ‐tocopherol was more effective as an antioxidant than α‐tocopherol. At levels of 0.5 µg/g, both α‐ and γ‐tocopherol significantly inhibited the formation of hexanal but not the formation of lipid hydroperoxides. Oxidation was effectively retarded by combinations of 2 µg/g β‐carotene and 1.5 µg/g γ‐ or α‐tocopherol. The combination of β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol was significantly better in retarding oxidation than α‐tocopherol alone. While γ‐tocopherol was an effective antioxidant, a synergistic effect between β‐carotene and γ‐tocopherol could not be shown. The results indicate that there is a need to protect β‐carotene from oxidative destruction by employing antioxidants, such as α‐ and γ‐tocopherol, should β‐carotene be used in fat emulsions.
Consumption of cholesterol oxides from fast foods fried in beef fat in New Zealand
Authors: Lake R. J. , Scholes P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLevels of cholesterol oxides were determined in samples of beef dripping used for deep frying in retail fast‐food outlets in Christchurch, New Zealand. The average levels (n = 8) of cholesterol oxides were: β‐epoxy cholesterol (15 mg/kg), α‐epoxy cholesterol, 7β‐hydroxy cholesterol, 7‐keto cholesterol (10 mg/kg each), 7α‐hydroxy cholesterol (5 mg/kg), and cholestane triol, 25‐hydroxy cholesterol (1 mg/kg each). Based on the amount of fat in a typical deep‐fried “fish and chips” meal, the amounts of individual cholesterol oxides consumed would then range from 0.05–0.7 mg. This is three to nine times less than reported in a test meal experiment with humans but could still be expected to cause detectable increases in plasma cholesterol oxide levels.
Isomerization of α‐pinene to camphene
Authors: Findik S. , Gündüz G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe catalytic isomerization reaction of α‐pinene to camphene over a clinoptilolite catalyst was investigated in a batch reactor open to the atmosphere between 130 and 155°C. The catalyst was selective to the isomerization of α‐pinene to camphene. The effects of several variables, such as reaction temperature, amount of catalyst, stirring speed and catalyst particle size, on the conversion of α‐pinene and selectivity to camphene were determined. The reaction fits a first‐order parallel reaction with rate constants of k1 = 3.020·10−2e−33381.6/RT for the production of camphene and of k2 = 1.576·10−2e−31096.53/RT for the production of limonene.
Relationship between seed mass and linolenic acid in progeny of crosses between cultivated and wild soybean
Authors: Pantalone V. R. , Rebetzke G. J. , Wilson R. F. , Burton J. W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSoybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil from current commercial cultivars typically contains ca. 8% linolenic acid (18:3). Applications of plant biotechnology have enabled plant breeders to develop germplasm having as low as 2.0% 18:3. Oils that are naturally low in 18:3 exhibited improved flavor characteristics and greater oxidative stability in high‐temperature frying applications compared to hydrogenated soybean oil. As an extension of that research, efforts are underway to characterize genes in soybean that govern expression of higher than normal 18:3 concentration. Such oils may be of interest to the oleochemicals industry for various nonfood applications. Relatively high 18:3 in seed oil is a characteristic trait of the ancestor of modern soybean cultivars, Glycine soja (Sieb. and Zucc.). Accessions of this species have rarely been utilized in soybean improvement, and thus represent a virtually untapped genetic resource for genes governing 18:3 synthesis. We have hybridized cultivated soybean with wild soybean plant introductions. F3:4 seed from the resultant G. max × G. soja populations exhibited a wide segregation pattern for 18:3 and seed mass. A strong negative association was found between 18:3 concentration and seed mass. Oil concentration was positively correlated with seed mass. Evaluation of glycerolipid composition revealed that high 18:3 was not associated with an altered proportion of phospholipid and triacylglycerol among lines segregating for seed mass. Thus, smaller seed mass may be a convenient trait to distinguish future soybean cultivars with highly polyunsaturated oils from other cultivars in production.
Utilization of high‐melting palm stearin in lipase‐catalyzed interesterification with liquid oils
Authors: Ghosh S. , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPalm stearin with a melting point (m.p.) of 49.8°C was fractionated from acetone to produce a low‐melting palm stearin (m.p.=35°C) and a higher‐melting palm stearin (HMPS, m.p.=58°C) fraction. HMPS was modified by interesterification with 60% (by weight) of individual liquid oils from sunflower, soybean, and rice bran by means of Mucor miehei lipase. The interesterified products were evaluated for m.p., solid fat content, and carbon number glyceride composition. When HMPS was interesterified individually with sunflower, soybean or rice bran at the 60% level, the m.p. of the interesterified products were 37.5, 38.9, and 39.6°C, respectively. The solid fat content of the interesterified products were 30–35 at 10°C, 17–19 at 20°C, and 6–10 at 30°C, respectively. The carbon number glyceride compositions also changed significantly. C48 and C54 glycerides decreased remarkably with a corresponding increase of the C50 and C52 glycerides. All these interesterified products were suitable for use as trans acid‐free and polyunsaturated fatty acid‐rich shortening and margarine fat bases.
Medium‐chain fatty acid‐rich glycerides by chemical and lipase‐catalyzed polyester‐monoester interchange reaction
Authors: Ghosh S. , Bhattacharyya D. K. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractMedium‐chain triglycerides (MCT) that contain caprylic acid (C8:0) and capric acid (C10:0) have immense medicinal and nutritional importance. Coconut oil can be used as a starting raw material for the production of MCT. The process, based on the interchange reaction between triglycerides and methyl esters of medium‐chain fatty acids by chemical catalyst (sodium methoxide) or lipase (Mucor miehei) catalyst, appears to be technically feasible. Coconut oils with 25–28.3% (w/w) and 22.1–25% (w/w) medium‐chain fatty acids have been obtained by chemical and lipase‐catalyzed interchange reactions. Coconut olein has also been modified with C8:0 and C10:0 fatty acids, individually as well as with their mixtures, by chemical and lipase‐catalyzed interchange reactions. Coconut olein is a better raw material than coconut oil for production of mediumchain fatty acid‐rich triglyceride products by both chemical and lipase‐catalyzed processes.
Δ5‐olefinic acids in the edible seeds of nut pines (Pinus cembroides edulis) from the United States
Authors: Wolff Robert L. , Marpeau Anne M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe fatty acid composition of the edible seeds from Pinus cembroides edulis (a nut pine), that might have been a commercial source of Δ5‐olefinic acids in the United States, has been established. The dehulled seeds are rich in oil (64% by weight) and are characterized by high levels of both oleic and linoleic acids (ca. 47 and 41%, respectively), with only 10% of saturated acids. Δ5‐Olefinic acids, which were not reported previously in this species, are exceptionally low as compared to most other conifer species: 5,9‐18:2 acid, 0.1%; 5,9,12‐18:3 acid, 0.4%; 5, 11, 14‐20:3 acid, 0.3%. In this respect, P. cembroides edulis seed oil closely resembles that of P. pinea (a circum‐Mediterranean species), which emphasizes the morphological and taxonomic relationship between the sections to which the two species belong (Parryana and Pinea, respectively).
The magnetic field as an additional selectivity parameter in fat hydrogenation
Authors: Jart Aage 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn investigation of the influence of a magnetic field on selectivity ratios (SR) in the nickel‐catalyzed hydrogenation process of fats is presented. Sesame oil and soybean oil were hydrogenated in an AC field of 300 oersted. The SR SR=K2/K3 and linolenic SR=K1/K2 obtained were higher than those without a field because the magnetization of the nickel particles reduced the concentration of hydrogen on the catalyst surface.