bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The profiles and patterns of detrusor overactivity and their association with overactive bladder symptoms in men with benign prostatic enlargement associated with detrusor overactivity
Authors: Shahab Nouval , Seki Narihito , Takahashi Ryosuke , Kajioka Shunichi , Takei Mineo , Yamaguchi Akito , Naito Seiji 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsTo investigate the association of both the urodynamic profiles and patterns of detrusor overactivity (DO) with the severity of the symptoms related to overactive bladder (OAB) in men with benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) associated with DO.MethodsA total of 777 men with symptomatic BPE who had undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) were retrospectively analyzed. All 231 cases of the 317 cases associated with DO were enrolled into the final analysis. The severity of the preoperative symptoms related to OAB were graded based on the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS). The correlation between DO profiles and the severity of OAB related symptoms were analysed using Spearman's correlation test while the association of the DO patterns with the severity of symptoms related OAB were analysed using the Mann Whitney test. Values of P less than 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant.ResultsA significant negative correlation was found between the severity of nocturia symptoms and bladder filling volume at the beginning of the first DO. The severity of nocturia symptoms, the amplitude of DO pressure and DOtime were significantly increased with increasing age. The severity of nocturia symptom was significantly higher in single DO in comparison to that in multiple DO.ConclusionsThe significant association of the severity of nocturia symptoms with bladder filling volume at the beginning of the first DO, age and the number of DO pattern was established. The amplitude and duration of DO may affect the severity of the symptoms. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:953–958, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The clinical significance of poor bladder compliance
Authors: Cho Sung‐Yong , Yi Jun‐Seok , Oh Seung‐June 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAimsThere is limited data on bladder compliance associated with lower urinary tract dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the decrease in bladder compliance, and the clinical relationship between patterns of increased pressure with neurological disease.Materials and MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed in 5,027 patients with voiding dysfunction between June 2002 and April 2008. The patients with poor compliance (PC) were categorized according to the detrusor pattern of increased pressure: group A (gradual increase), group B (terminal increase), and group C (abrupt increase and plateau).ResultsPatients with PC were found in 170 (3.4%) cases (76 males and 94 females) with 46.5% in group A 44.7%, group B, and 8.8% group C. Bladder trabeculation was more prevalent in patients with PC than among those with normal compliance. Group A had the highest correlation with the incidence of spinal cord injury compared to the other groups. Group B had a higher correlation with a history of pelvic irradiation, radical prostatectomy, and tethered cord syndrome compared to the others. Vesicoureteral reflux was more frequently detected in group A and group C. Group C was positively correlated with the presence of detrusor overactivity and nocturnal enuresis.ConclusionsPoor compliance was correlated with the presence of neurological conditions. The gradual increase of detrusor pressure was associated with the development of spinal cord injury, and the terminal increase had an association with a history of treatment to the pelvic cavity. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:1010–1014, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uroflowmetry in healthy women: Development and validation of flow–volume and corrected flow–age nomograms
Authors: Barapatre Yogesh , Agarwal Mayank Mohan , Singh Shrawan Kumar , Sharma Suresh Kumar , Mavuduru Ravimohan , Mete Uttam Kumar , Kumar Santosh , Mandal Arup Kumar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroductionVoiding dysfunction is common among women. However, unlike men, no universally accepted nomogram is available for them. This study was undertaken to establish normal reference values of urinary flow parameters for healthy Indian female population in menstrual age group.Materials and MethodsWomen volunteers of menstrual age group, including hospital staff, nursing students, visitors and relatives of patients, underwent free uroflowmetry using digital uroflowmeter (Solar Silver, Medical Measurement System, The Netherlands). Women with voiding symptoms, urinary tract infection within last 4 weeks, neurological/non‐neurological diseases or medication affecting voiding function and abnormal uroflows were excluded. One micturition was obtained per proband in a sitting position to determine various uroflow variables.ResultsOf total 343 women enrolled in the study, data of 308 was available for final analysis. Their mean (±SD) age was 33 ± 8.63 years, voided volume 289.79 ± 166.52 ml, maximum flow‐rate (Qmax) 23.06 ± 9.40 ml/sec, average flow‐rate (Qave) 13.08 ± 6.00 ml/sec, voiding time 23.50 ± 12.52 sec, time to Qmax 8.56 ± 6.55 sec, and post‐void residue 2.92 ± 3.69 ml. Corrected Qmax and corrected Qave were computed to be 1.41 ± 0.43 and 0.80 ± 0.27, respectively. Confidence limit flow–volume nomograms were developed and validated using data of asymptomatic (n = 25) as well as symptomatic women (n = 22). Corrected Qmax and corrected Qave to age nomograms were also introduced.ConclusionThese nomograms would help clinicians evaluate flow rates over a wide‐range of voided volume as well as age, enabling effective screening of women for voiding dysfunction, and evaluating response to medical or surgical treatment. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:1003–1009, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of lumbar epidural administration of neostigmine on lower urinary tract function
Authors: Agarwal Mayank Mohan , Singh Shrawan Kumar , Batra Yatindra Kumar , Mavuduru Ravimohan , Mandal Arup Kumar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackgroundNeostigmine is cholinomimetic and is used for postoperative analgesia. Its urodynamics effects on voiding function have not been elucidated.Materials and MethodsAdult patients without bothersome voiding symptoms planned for rigid cystoscopy under local anesthesia were enrolled. They underwent multichannel urodynamics (filling cystometry and pressure‐flow study) before and 30 min after lumbar epidural administration of Neostigmine (2 µg/kg).ResultsIndications for cystoscopy were check examination for follow up of carcinoma urinary bladder (n = 3), staging for carcinoma cervix (5), and removal of ureteral stent (4). Patients' mean age was 51.9 ± 11.7 years and international Prostatic symptom score 2.34 ± 3.41. A trend of decreased maximum cystometric capacity (MCC) was observed after Neostigmine (413.50 ± 142.45 ml vs. 357.00 ± 145.62 ml; P = 0.056) without any change in end‐filling pressure. Five patients developed detrusor overactivity (DO) and one had increase in its amplitude (P = 0.031). Four patients developed rhythmic rectal contractions and one had increase in its amplitude (P = 0.219). There was no difference in any of the voiding parameters. Mean Visual Analog Pain Score (VAS scale 0–10) during cystoscopy for this group was significantly lower than that in a similar group of patients who did not receive Neostigmine prior to rigid cystoscopy (1.16 ± 0.94 vs. 4.57 ± 1.45; P = 0.0001). The drug was well tolerated in majority of the patients.ConclusionEpidural Neostigmine is effective in providing analgesia during diagnostic rigid cystoscopy. It leads to development of DO and decrease in bladder capacity without any effect on voiding function. These findings may help clinicians to use it for transurethral procedure‐related pain relief without apprehension of voiding difficulty. Neurourol. Urodynam. 29:443–448, 2010. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Understanding the human salivary metabolome
Authors: Takeda Ienaka , Stretch Cynthia , Barnaby Pamela , Bhatnager Kriti , Rankin Kathryn , Fu Hao , Weljie Aalim , Jha Naresh , Slupsky Carolyn 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSaliva is a readily accessible biofluid that is important for the overall health, aiding in the chewing, swallowing, and tasting of food as well as the regulation mouth flora. As a first step to determining and understanding the human saliva metabolome, we have measured salivary metabolite concentrations under a variety of conditions in a healthy population with reasonably good oral hygiene. Using 1H NMR spectroscopy, metabolite concentrations were measured in resting (basal) and stimulated saliva from the same subject and compared in a cohort of healthy male non‐smoking subjects (n = 62). Almost all metabolites were higher in the unstimulated saliva when compared to the stimulated saliva. Comparison of the salivary metabolite profile of male smokers and non‐smokers (n = 46) revealed citrate, lactate, pyruvate, and sucrose to be higher and formate to be lower in concentration in smokers compared with non‐smokers (p < 0.05). Gender differences were also investigated (n = 40), and acetate, formate, glycine, lactate, methanol, propionate, propylene glycol, pyruvate, succinate, and taurine were significantly higher in concentration in male saliva compared to female saliva (p < 0.05). These results show that differences between male and female, stimulated and unstimulated, as well as smoking status may be observed in the salivary metabolome. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel technique to monitor carboxypeptidase G2 expression in suicide gene therapy using 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Mancini Laura , Davies Lawrence , Friedlos Frank , Falck‐Miniotis Maria , Dzik‐Jurasz Andrzej S , Springer Caroline J. , Leach Martin O. , Payne Geoffrey S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDevelopment and evaluation of new anticancer drugs are expedited when minimally invasive biomarkers of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour are available. Gene‐directed enzyme prodrug therapy (GDEPT) is a suicide gene therapy in which the anticancer drug is activated in the tumor by an exogenous enzyme previously targeted by a vector carrying the gene. GDEPT has been evaluated in various clinical trials using several enzyme/prodrug combinations. The key processes to be monitored in GDEPT are gene delivery and expression, as well as prodrug delivery and activation. {4‐[bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino]‐3,5‐difluorobenzoyl}‐L‐glutamic acid, a prodrug for the GDEPT enzyme carboxypeptidase‐G2 (CPG2; Km = 1.71 µM; kcat = 732 s−1), was measured with 19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). The 1 ppm chemical shift separation found between the signals of prodrug and activated drug (4‐[bis(2‐chloroethyl)amino]‐3,5‐difluorobenzoic acid) is sufficient for the detection of prodrug activation in vivo. However, these compounds hydrolyze rapidly, and protein binding broadens the MR signals. A new CPG2 substrate was designed with hydroxyethyl instead of chloroethyl groups (Km = 3.5 µM, kcat = 747 s−1). This substrate is nontoxic and stable in solution, has a narrow MRS resonance in the presence of bovine and foetal bovine albumin, and exhibits a 1.1 ppm change in chemical shift upon cleavage by CPG2. In cells transfected to express CPG2 in the cytoplasm (MDA MB 361 breast carcinoma cells and WiDr colon cancer cells), well‐resolved 19F MRS signals were observed from clinically relevant concentrations of the new substrate and its nontoxic product. The MRS conversion half‐life (470 min) agreed with that measured by HPLC (500 min). This substrate is, therefore, suitable for evaluating gene delivery and expression prior to administration of the therapeutic agent. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A collocation method to solve higher order linear complex differential equations in rectangular domains
Authors: Sezer Mehmet , Yalçinbaş Salih 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, a collocation method is developed to find an approximate solution of higher order linear complex differential equations with variable coefficients in rectangular domains. This method is essentially based on the matrix representations of the truncated Taylor series of the expressions in equation and their derivates, which consist of collocation points defined in the given domain. Some numerical examples with initial and boundary conditions are given to show the properties of the method. All results were computed using a program written in scientific WorkPlace v5.5 and Maple v12. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
Nonlinear heat equation for nonhomogeneous anisotropic materials: A dual‐reciprocity boundary element solution
Authors: Ang Whye‐Teong , Clements David L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA dual‐reciprocity boundary element method is presented for the numerical solution of initial‐boundary value problems governed by a nonlinear partial differential equation for heat conduction in nonhomogeneous anisotropic materials. To assess the validity and accuracy of the method, some specific problems are solved. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010
The governance of public affairs
Authors: Bell Stephen , Hindmoor Andrew 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Government and governance are frequently treated as synonyms. Governing is what governments do in formulating and implementing policies. A burgeoning political science literature uses the term governance in a different way to describe the growing tendency of governments to govern in partnership with a range of non‐state actors and, as a purported consequence, the marginalization of governments within policy‐making processes. Here, some writers go so far as to talk about ‘governance without government’. In a forthcoming book, Rethinking Governance: Bringing the State Back In, Stephen Bell and I argue that this dominant ‘society‐centred’ perspective on governance is flawed. In our view whilst governments are indeed now more likely to forge relationships with a larger range of non‐state actors, they nevertheless remain the central players in governance arrangements. Indeed we argue that governments have been strengthened through the relationships they have developed. This article reviews some of the extant literature on governance and specifies the basic terms of our ‘state‐centric relational’ approach.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and photopolymerization kinetics of lower odor benzophenone derivative photoinitiators
Authors: Wang Chengyun , Wei Ling , Lai Guoqiao , Zhong Tiangui , Shen Yongjia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSeven lower odor benzophenone (BP) derivatives (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 3a, 3b, 3c) based on 4‐hydroxybenzophenone(1) were synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR, Mass, UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy was carried out to research the photopolymerization mechanism. The kinetics of photopolymerization was studied by differential scanning photocalorimetry (photo‐DSC). The results showed that 2a–d with uni‐BP moiety were more effective photoinitiators (PIs) than 3a–c with bi‐BP moieties, and 2c was the most effective one which could be a promising candidate for BP alternative in practical application. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparative isolation of six major saponins from Platycodi Radix by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography
Authors: Ha Young Wan , Kim Yeong Shik 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroductionPlatycosides, the primary constituents of Platycodi Radix, are known to have numerous and varied biological activities, exerting anti‐inflammation, anti‐allergy, anti‐tumour, anti‐obesity and anti‐hyperlipidemia effects. However, effective methods for isolating and purifying platycosides from Platycodi Radix are not currently available.ObjectiveTo develop an efficient method for the preparative separation of six platycosides from Platycodi Radix by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with an evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) system.MethodologyPreparative separation was performed by water extraction using reversed‐phase C18 column chromatography on an HSCCC‐ELSD system. A two‐phase solvent system comprised hexane–n‐butanol–water (1:40:20, v/v) and (1:10:5, v/v) was employed. Two other key parameters, revolution speed of the separation column and flow‐rate of the mobile phase, were also investigated for optimum HSCCC performance. Each peak fraction obtained from separation of the platycosides was collected according to the ELSD elution profile and determined by HPLC.ResultsUsing the described method, six platycosides, all with purities of over 94%, could be isolated from 300 mg of the platycoside‐enriched fraction. Their structures were characterized by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS), 1H‐NMR and 13C‐NMR.ConclusionSix of the main bioactive platycosides in Platycodi Radix could be isolated and purified systematically by HSCCC. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microwave‐assisted extraction of glucosinolates from Eruca sativa seeds and soil: comparison with existing methods
Authors: Omirou Michalis , Papastylianou Ioannis , Iori Renato , Papastephanou Chara , Papadopoulou Kalliope K. , Ehaliotis Costantinos , Karpouzas Dimitrios G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIntroductionGlucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that are abundant in brassicas and their hydrolysis products, isothiocyanates, are toxic to soil pathogens. Efficiency and extraction time are critical for routine analysis of GSLs in plant tissues. Robust analytical procedures are required for the extraction of GSL from soil.ObjectiveDevelopment and optimisation of a microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE) method for the recovery of GSL from plant tissues and soil and comparison of its efficiency with other established extraction methods.MethodologySolvents, temperature, microwave power and extraction time were examined as parameters controlling MAE efficiency. In rocket seeds the efficiency of MAE was determined through recovery of GSLs from seeds and of sinigrin (1) that was used as internal standard. MAE was then compared with the certified ISO‐9167 method and an ultrasonic‐assisted extraction (UAE). MAE was also applied for the extraction of GSLs from soils fortified with 1 at three fortification levels. The efficiency of MAE was compared with a recently proposed agitation–filtration (AGIT) extraction method.ResultsThe optimum conditions identified for extraction of GSLs from seeds were: methanol extraction at 250 W and 80°C for 10 min. MAE and ISO methods showed comparable efficiencies and higher than UAE. In soil, both methods resulted in nearly 100% recovery of 1 at all fortification levels, although MAE achieved this recovery after a single extraction step compared with AGIT, which required two.ConclusionsThe MAE developed is a simple and rapid method for the extraction of GSLs from plant tissues and soil that can be applied to a large number of samples, thus reducing the time of analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of low‐frequency melt vibration on HDPE morphology
Authors: Li Youbing , Shen Kaizhi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: A low‐frequency vibration‐assisted injection‐molding (VAIM) device was developed to explore the morphology of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) injection moldings. Scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize structure‐property relationships of final products prepared under different VAIM processing conditions (vibration frequency and vibration pressure amplitude) with conventional injection molding for comparison.RESULTS: It was found that increasing the vibration frequency at constant vibration pressure amplitude was beneficial for obtaining ‘shish‐kebab’ structures in the core region of VAIM specimens, and increasing the vibration pressure amplitude at constant vibration frequency was a prerequisite for achieving HDPE specimens with large‐scale lamellas, more pronounced orientation and high crystallinity.CONCLUSION: Both preferred orientation lamellas and increased crystallinity allow one to obtain strong injection moldings with the application of the melt vibration technique. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Shotgun mass mapping of Lactobacillus species and subspecies from caries related isolates by MALDI‐MS
Authors: Schmidt Frank , Fiege Thomas , Hustoft Hanne K. , Kneist Susanne , Thiede Bernd 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA taxonomical study of 90 isolates of lactobacilli isolated from soft and hard carious dentine of 70 deciduous molars is presented. The Lactobacillus strains were determined by shotgun mass mapping (SMM). This method based on MALDI‐MS analysis of Lactobacillus isolates treated with trypsin followed by database comparison against a library of mass spectra derived from 20 reference strains. The SMM method allowed to discriminate different Lactobacillus subspecies. The method was used to analyse Lactobacillus isolates of unknown identity derived from carious dentine. Application of the SMM method to isolates from hard carious dentine revealed a nearly similar distribution of L. paracasei ss paracasei (29%), L. paracasei ss tolerans (32%) and L. casei ss rhamnosus (23%) as dominant subspecies. On the other hand, samples derived from soft carious dentine showed a clear bias only to L. paracasei ss paracasei (60%), whereas L. paracasei ss tolerans (14%) and L. casei ss rhamnosus (12%) were clear minorities. Compared to existent methods, SMM has unique potential for the analysis of Lactobacillus strains on subspecies level.
Ratio‐dependent significance thresholds in reciprocal15N‐labeling experiments as a robust tool in detection of candidate proteins responding to biological treatment
Authors: Kierszniowska Sylwia , Walther Dirk , Schulze Waltraud X. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMetabolic labeling of plant tissues with15N has become widely used in plant proteomics. Here, we describe a robust experimental design and data analysis workflow implementing two parallel biological replicate experiments with reciprocal labeling and series of 1:1 control mixtures. Thereby, we are able to unambiguously distinguish (i) inherent biological variation between cultures and (ii) specific responses to a biological treatment. The data analysis workflow is based on first determining the variation between cultures based on15N/14N ratios in independent 1:1 mixtures before biological treatment is applied. In a second step, ratio‐dependent SD is used to definep‐values for significant deviation of protein ratios in the biological experiment from the distribution of protein ratios in the 1:1 mixture. This approach allows defining those proteins showing significant biological response superimposed on the biological variation before treatment. The proposed workflow was applied to a series of experiments, in which changes in composition of detergent resistant membrane domains was analyzed in response to sucrose resupply after carbon starvation. Especially in experiments involving cell culture treatment (starvation) prior to the actual biological stimulus of interest (resupply), a clear distinction between culture to culture variations and biological response is of utmost importance.