bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ERM proteins regulate growth cone responses to Sema3A
Authors: Mintz C. David , Carcea Ioana , McNickle Daniel G. , Dickson Tracey C. , Ge Yongchao , Salton Stephen R.J. , Benson Deanna L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAxonal growth cones initiate and sustain directed growth in response to cues in their environment. A variety of events such as receptor internalization, kinase activation, and actin rearrangement can be stimulated by guidance cues and are essential for mediating targeted growth cone behavior. Surprisingly little is known about how such disparate actions are coordinated. Our data suggest that ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERMs), a family of highly homologous, multifunctional proteins may be able to coordinate growth cone responses to the guidance cue Semaphorin 3A (Sema3A). We show that active ERMs concentrate asymmetrically in neocortical growth cones, are rapidly and transiently inactivated by Sema3A, and are required for Sema3A‐mediated growth cone collapse and guidance. The FERM domain of active ERMs regulates internalization of the Sema3A receptor, Npn1, and its coreceptor, L1CAM, while the ERM C‐terminal domain binds and caps F‐actin. Our data support a model in which ERMs can coordinate membrane and actin dynamics in response to Sema3A. J. Comp. Neurol. 510:351–366, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Liraglutide: a new option in the management of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Piya Milan K , Tahrani Abd A , Barnett Anthony H 
Published: August 2008

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a global epidemic with an expected prevalence of 380 million in 2025 worldwide1 and over 2.5 million by 2010 in the UK.2 Diabetes is a progres‐sive disease which leads to macro and microvascular complications and reduced life expectancy.2 Furthermore, diabetes‐related complications have been shown to worsen patients' quality of life.3,4 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methylnaltrexone for opioid induced constipation
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEndogenous opioid peptides are believed to mediate gastrointestinal motor activity and the transport of fluid and electrolytes via μ, kappa and sigma opioid receptors.1 Opioid analgesics have multiple actions on intestinal function, including suppression of neuronal excitability, inhibition of excitatory and inhibitory neuronal inputs to gastrointestinal muscle and mucosa, reduced propulsive peristalsis and increased circular contractions, increased fluid absorption and depression of secretory activity. The net effect is to prolong the oral‐caecal transit time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alitretinoin in the treatment of hand eczema
Authors: English John 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHand eczema is an umbrella term for dermatoses of different clinical sub‐types involving the hands. It varies in severity from mild changes affecting a few fingers to a severe blistering, itchy eruption involving the entire hand.1 Hand eczema has a major impact on earnings and quality of life, often resulting in repeated con‐sultations, unemployment, time off work and interference with leisure activities.2,3 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trastuzumab: preparation and planning will avoid chaos
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTrastuzumab has been shown to improve disease‐free, and overall, survival in women with early HER2‐positive breast cancer. It is undergoing rapid appraisal by NICE with the aim of providing prompt guidance for use within the NHS. The DOH has pledged to support its use, yet without increasing PCT funding for support services and additional drug costs. The criteria by which PCTs can decide or decline to pay for treatment remain unclear. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving CVD risk assessment with eGFR
Authors: Lyon Sue 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA quiet revolution is taking place within the NHS as laboratories grad‐ually switch from serum creatinine to estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as the prime measure of renal function. This change follows recommendations in the National Service Framework for Renal Services,1 but the move will have an impact far beyond the renal com‐munity, affecting health profess‐ionals and patients throughout primary and secondary care. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tigecycline: a novel broad spectrum antibiotic
Authors: Nathwani Dilip 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHealthcare associated infections (HAIs) affect around 2 million people admitted to acute care hospitals in the USA.1 Approximately 9 per cent of patients in UK hospitals suffer from an infection acquired during their hospital stay,2 many of which are due to multi‐resistant, Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative patho‐gens. The incidence of colonisation and infection with these pathogens continues to rise due to failures in hospital hygiene, selective pressures created by overuse of antibiotics, and mobile elements that can enc‐ode bacterial resistance mechanisms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Treatment options in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Toshner Mark 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, severe and progressive disease characterised by raised pressures in the arteries in the lungs leading to right heart failure and, historically, a median life expectancy of 2.8 years with‐out targeted treatment.1 Pathologically, it is characterised by a thickening of the muscular layer of the arteries, dysfunction of the vessel walls, and abnormal growth of supporting cells such as fibroblasts. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
HIV management: emerging therapies in an evolving field
Authors: Gompels Mark , Chisholm Alison 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEfforts to combat the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) began in earnest in the late 1980s following the identification and isolation of HIV as the pathogen of the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Multiple‐drug therapy, known as highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), became available in the 1990s and has become the backbone of HIV medication treatment. Understanding of how to optimise its use and effectiveness continues to grow, and is reflected by the emergence of novel agents and new classes of drugs. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Interface Ltd
Gliptins: DPP‐4 inhibitors to treat type 2 diabetes
Authors: Green Brian , Flatt Peter , Bailey Clifford 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGliptins represent an emerging new class of oral agents to treat type 2 diabetes. They act by inhibiting the enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4). This enzyme inactivates the incretin hormones glucagon‐like peptide‐1 (GLP‐1) and glucose‐dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These hormones are released from the intestine during a meal and act on the pancreas to increase nutrient‐stimulated insulin secretion. Thus DPP‐4 inhibitors serve as incretin enhancers; they delay inactivation of GLP‐1 and GIP, increasing the insulin response to a meal, which improves glycaemic control. This therapeutic approach carries a low risk of interprandial hypoglycaemia and does not cause weight gain. The first gliptin, sitagliptin (Januvia), was introduced in the UK in April 2007 as ‘add‐on’ therapy for patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with metformin or a thiazolidinedione. Other gliptins, notably vildagliptin (Galvus), saxagliptin and alogliptin are advanced in clinical development. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
IL‐6 inhibition in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Taylor Peter 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe armentarium of potential therapeutics for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has grown with the identification of relevant disease molecules. Of these, biologic therapeutics targeting tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐alpha), particularly when used in combination with oral methotrexate, have enjoyed notable success in suppressing inflammation and markedly inhibiting the progression of structural damage previously thought to be an unavoidable characteristic of RA.1,2 However, despite the unprecedented clinical and commercial successes of TNF inhibitors, their availability is restricted by high costs and the failure of a substantial proportion of patients to demonstrate significant clinical responses. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fentanyl buccal tablet for cancer breakthrough pain
Authors: Zeppetella Giovambattista 
Published: August 2008

AbstractPain is one of the most common symptoms of advanced cancer and has significant adverse effects on patients' functioning and quality of life.1 A number of studies have established that pain can be controlled in the majority of patients using the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines,2 however, even when background pain is well controlled, 70–90 per cent of patients with advanced cancer also experience brief episodes or flares of severe pain, known as breakthrough pain.3 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rivaroxaban: a new orally active direct inhibitor of Factor Xa
Authors: Chaplin Steve 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDeep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a common complication in hospital patients who do not receive thromboprophylaxis. Due to the shortcomings of the available evidence the true incidence is unclear, but data from the placebo arms of randomised trials of thromboprophylaxis, believed to be the best source,1 show that the incidence varies by specialty (Table 1). The risk in medical inpatients is often underestimated: the incidence of DVT is particularly high among patients admitted with stroke, heart failure or myocardial infarction.2 However, patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery are at greatest risk, with DVT occurring in approximately one‐quarter to one‐half. There is also evidence to suggest that individual risk is influenced by a large number of risk factors (Table 2).1 Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The endocannabinoid system: a therapeutic target in patients with abdominal obesity?
Authors: Haslam David 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a relatively recently discovered endogenous system involved in energy balance and homeostasis. The discovery of the receptors and endogenous agonists for this system in the late 1980s and 1990s prompted intense research into the modulation of this system for therapeutic benefit. This research bore fruition with the characterisation; clinical development programme; and, in 2006, licensing, of the first cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) blocker, rimonabant (Accomplia; sanofiaventis). Rimonabant was licensed in 12 European countries, as well as Argentina, Mexico, Columbia, Chile, the United Arab Emirates and Hong Kong, and is licensed in Europe as an adjunct to diet and exercise for the treatment of obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥30kg per m2) or overweight patients (BMI >27kg per m2) with associated risk factors, such as type 2 diabetes or dyslipidaemia. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commonality in the LME aluminum and copper volatility processes through a FIGARCH lens
Authors: Figuerola‐Ferretti Isabel , Gilbert Christopher L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractDynamic representation of spot and three‐month aluminum and copper volatilities is considered. Aluminum and copper are the two most important metals traded in the London Metal Exchange. They share common business cycle factors and are traded under identical contract specifications. The bivariate FIGARCH model, which allows parsimonious representation of long memory volatility processes, is applied. The results show that spot and three‐month aluminum and copper volatilities follow long memory processes, that they exhibit a common degree of fractional integration and that the processes are symmetric. However, there is no evidence that the processes are fractionally cointegrated. This high degree of commonality may result from the common LME trading process. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:935–962, 2008
An examination of the complementary volume–volatility information theories
Authors: Chen Zhiyao , Daigler Robert T. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe volume–volatility relationship during the dissemination stages of information flow is examined by analyzing various theories relating volume and volatility as complementary rather than competing models. The mixture of distributions hypothesis, sequential arrival of information hypothesis, the dispersion of beliefs hypothesis, and the noise trader hypothesis all add to the understanding of how volume and volatility interact for different types of futures traders. An integrated picture of the volume–volatility relationship is provided by investigating the dynamic linear and nonlinear associations between volatility and the volume of informed (institutional) and uninformed (the general public) traders. In particular, the trading behavior explanation for the persistence of futures volatility, the effect of the timing of private information arrival, and the response of institutional traders to excess noise trading risk is examined. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:963–992, 2008
Realized volatility and correlation in energy futures markets
Authors: Wang Tao , Wu Jingtao , Yang Jian 
Published: August 2008

AbstractUsing high‐frequency returns, realized volatility and correlation of the NYMEX light, sweet crude oil, and Henry‐Hub natural gas futures contracts are examined. The unconditional distributions of daily returns and daily realized variances are non‐Gaussian, whereas the distributions of the standardized returns (normalized by the realized standard deviation) and the (logarithms of) realized standard deviations appear approximately Gaussian. The (logarithms of) standard deviations exhibit long‐memory, but the realized correlation between the two futures does not, implying rather weak inter‐market linkage in the long run. There is evidence of asymmetric volatility for natural gas but not for crude oil futures. Finally, realized crude oil futures volatility responds with an increase in the weeks immediately before the OPEC events recommending price increases. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 28:993–1011, 2008
Pregnancy and sexual health among homeless young injection drug users
Authors: Hathazi Dodi , Lankenau Stephen E. , Sanders Bill , Jackson Bloom Jennifer 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTResearch on pregnancy and sexual health among homeless youth is limited. In this study, qualitative interviews were conducted with 41 homeless young injection drug users (IDUs) in Los Angeles with a history of pregnancy. The relationship between recent pregnancy outcomes, contraception practices, housing status, substance use, utilization of prenatal care, and histories of sexual victimization are described. A total of 81 lifetime pregnancies and 26 children were reported. Infrequent and ineffective use of contraception was common. While pregnancy motivated some homeless youth to establish housing, miscarriages and terminations were more frequent among youth who reported being housed. Widespread access to prenatal and medical services was reported during pregnancy, but utilization varied. Many women continued to use substances throughout pregnancy. Several youth reported childhood sexual abuse and sexual victimization while homeless. Pregnancy presents a unique opportunity to encourage positive health behaviors in a high‐risk population seldom seen in a clinical setting.
Community structural instability, anomie, imitation and adolescent suicidal behavior
Authors: Thorlindsson Thorolfur , Bernburg Jón Gunnar 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThe current study examines the contextual effects of community structural characteristics, as well as the mediating role of key social mechanisms, on youth suicidal behavior in Iceland. We argue that the contextual influence of community structural instability on youth suicidal behavior should be mediated by weak attachment to social norms and values (anomie), and contact with suicidal others (suggestion‐imitation). The data comes from a national survey of 14–16 years old adolescents. Valid questionnaires were obtained from 7018 students (response rate about 87%). The findings show that the community level of residential mobility has a positive, contextual effect on adolescent suicidal behavior. The findings also indicate that the contextual effect of residential mobility is mediated by both anomie and suggestion‐imitation. The findings offer the possibility to identify communities that carry a substantial risk for adolescent suicide as well as the mechanisms that mediate the influence of community structural characteristics on adolescent risk behavior.
Screen media time usage of 12–16 year‐old Spanish school adolescents: Effects of personal and socioeconomic factors, season and type of day
Authors: Devís‐Devís José , Peiró‐Velert Carmen , Beltrán‐Carrillo Vicente J. , Tomás José Manuel 
Published: August 2008

ABSTRACTThis study examined screen media time usage (SMTU) and its association with personal and socioeconomic factors, as well as the effect of season and type of day, in a Spanish sample of 12–16 year‐old school adolescents (N= 323). The research design was a cross‐sectional survey, in which an interviewer‐administered recall questionnaire was used. Statistical analyses included repeated measures analyses of variance, analysis of covariance and structural equation models. Results showed an average of 2.52 h per day of total SMTU and partial times of 1.73 h per day in TV viewing, 0.27 h per day in computer/videogames, and 0.52 h per day in mobile use. Four significant predictors of SMTU emerged. Firstly, the type of school was associated with the three media of our study, particularly students from state/public school spent more time on them than their private schools counterparts. Secondly, older adolescents (14–16 years old) were more likely to use computer/videogame and mobile phone than younger adolescents. Thirdly, the more accessibility to household technology the more probable computer/videogames and mobile phone were used. Finally, boys spent significantly more time in mobile phone than girls. Additionally, results revealed that adolescents seemed to consume more TV and computer/videogames in autumn than in winter, and more TV and mobile phones on weekends than on weekdays, especially among state school students. Findings from this study contribute to the existing knowledge on adolescents' SMTU patterns that can be transferred to families and policies.
Social bonds and Internet pornographic exposure among adolescents
Authors: Mesch Gustavo S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractConcern has grown regarding possible harm to the social and psychological development of children and adolescents exposed to Internet pornography. Parents, academics and researchers have documented pornography from the supply side, assuming that its availability explains consumption satisfactorily. The current paper explored the user's dimension, probing whether pornography consumers differed from other Internet users, as well as the social characteristics of adolescent frequent pornography consumers. Data from a 2004 survey of a national representative sample of the adolescent population in Israel were used (n= 998). Adolescent frequent users of the Internet for pornography were found to differ in many social characteristics from the group that used the Internet for information, social communication and entertainment. Weak ties to mainstream social institutions were characteristic of the former group but not of the latter. X‐rated material consumers proved to be a distinct sub‐group at risk of deviant behaviour.
Gender‐specific differences in left ventricular remodelling and fibrosis in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: Insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Schulz‐Menger Jeanette , Abdel‐Aty Hassan , Rudolph Andre , Elgeti Thomas , Messroghli Daniel , Utz Wolfgang , Boyé Philipp , Bohl Steffen , Busjahn Andreas , Hamm Bernd , Dietz Rainer 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground:Gender is an independent risk factor for heart failure mortality in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).Aims:To explore the interaction between gender, myocardial fibrosis and remodelling in HCM.Methods:We studied 64 HCM patients (28 females, aged 51 ± 16 years) categorized as non‐obstructive (HNCM, n=31) or obstructive (HOCM, n=33) and 60 healthy subjects (31 females, aged 43 ± 14 years). Cine imaging was performed to assess left ventricular volumes and mass. LV remodelling index (LVRI) was calculated. Extension of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was quantified.Results:Females in the control group and in the HNCM group had a lower LVRI than males (control: 0.7±0.1 vs. 0.9±0.2 g/ml, <0.002; HNCM: 1.1±0.2 vs. 1.5±0.5 g/ml, p<0.001). In contrast, HOCM females had a similar LVRI compared to males (1.8±0.5 vs. 1.7±0.4 g/ml, p=ns). Thus the increase in LVRI was more pronounced in females compared to males. LGE was noted in 70% of the patients. No relation was found between the presence or the quantity of myocardial fibrosis and gender in any of the patient subgroups.Conclusion:Our data suggest a disproportionate degree of remodelling in different forms of HCM depending on gender. Gender does not appear to influence the quantity of fibrosis as defined by LGE.
Non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia as a predictor of sudden cardiac death in patients with left ventricular dysfunction: A meta‐analysis
Authors: de Sousa Marcos R. , Morillo Carlos A. , Rabelo Fábio T. , Filho Antônio M. Nogueira , Ribeiro Antonio L.P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground:Identifying patients at risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD) remains a challenge.Aim:To evaluate the performance of non‐sustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT) from 24 hour ambulatory electrocardiography as a predictor of SCD in patients with heart failure or non‐ischaemic dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD).Methods and results:Study search and selection were performed by independent reviewers using a validated strategy. Eleven prognostic studies with > 100 patients with good quality data and multivariate analysis of predictors of SCD were included. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot with Kendall's tau b test. A summary ROC (sROC) curve was built to evaluate predictive performance of NSVT. There was threshold effect (Spearman's correlation between sensitivity and specificity=−0.818, p<0.01) which indicates that combining sensitivity and specificity was not appropriate. The area of 0.68±0.02 under the sROC curve indicates a statistically significant contribution of NSVT in the prediction of SCD. The true negative rate varied from 89 to 97%. Multivariate analysis and meta‐regression suggested that the contribution of NSVT to risk stratification is independent of ejection fraction.Conclusions:Absence of NSVT indicated a low probability of SCD in patients with LVSD. A risk score including NSVT should be evaluated in prospective studies.