bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Replacement Therapy with Virus—Inactivated Plasma Concentrates in von Willebrand Disease
Authors: Rodeghiero Francesco , Castaman Giancarlo , Meyer Dominique , Mannucci Pier Mannuccio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn von Willebrand disease, the goal of treatment is to correct the two laboratory hallmarks of abnormal hemostasis, i.e. the deficiency of factor VIII (F VIII) and the prolonged bleeding time (BT). Since desmopressin (DDAVP) is able to achieve both these goals in the majority of patients, it is the treatment of choice. Some patients, however, are not responsive or become refractory to DDAVP. In these, blood products maintain an important therapeutic role, and there is a need to assess the efficacy of the recently available virus‐inactivated plasma concentrates, which contain both F VIII and von Willebrand factor and carry a low risk of transmitting blood‐borne viruses. Our survey of the data reported in the literature indicates that all available concentrates are similarly effective in attaining high and sustained levels of FVIII after infusion. Although they often shorten or normalize the prolonged BT, that effect is less uniform. Since concentrates appear efficacious in the majority of clinical situations that require the use of blood products, they should be preferred, because of their greater safety, to cryoprecipitate produced by blood banks, which cannot be virus inactivated.
Early Antihepatitis C Virus Response with Second—Generation C200/C22 ELISA
Authors: Van der Poel C. L. , Bresters D. , Reesink H. W. , Plaisier A. A. D. , Schaasberg W. , Leentvaar‐Kuypers A. , Choo Q.‐L. , Quan S. , Polito A. , Houghton M. , Kuo G. , Lelie P. N. , Cuypers H.T.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDetection of early antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) by a new second‐generation C200/C22 anti‐HCV enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a four‐antigen recombinant immunoblot assay (4‐RIBA) was compared with the first‐generation anti‐HCV C100 ELISA using sequential serum samples of 9 recipients who were infected with HCV, as detected by polymerase chain reaction after transfusion of blood products. Within 26 weeks after transfusion, 9/9 (100%) recipients seroconverted with C200/22 ELISA, and 6/9 (67%) seroconverted with C100 ELISA. Compared with C100 ELISA, C200/C22 ELISA seroconversion occurred simultaneously in 3 cases, 5–6 weeks earlier in 3 other cases, and 20 weeks earlier in 1 case. Seven of 9 (78%) recipients became positive, and 2/9 (22%) became indeterminate with 4‐RIBA. In 8 cases with clinical posttransfusion hepatitis non‐A, non‐B (PTH‐NANB), anti‐HCV C200/C22 ELISA seroconversion occurred 2–17 (mean 6) weeks after the onset of hepatitis. In 6 cases of PTH‐NANB, anti‐HCV C100 ELISA seroconversion occurred 2–26 (mean 9) weeks after the onset of hepatitis. It is concluded that the second‐generation C200/C22 ELISA is more sensitive than the C100 ELISA for the detection of antibody during early HCV infection. Indeterminate 4‐RIBA results are found in the early phase of HCV infection.
Enhanced Sensitivity of a Second Generation ELISA for Antibody to Hepatitis C Virus
Authors: Bresters D. , Cuypers H. T. M. , Reesink H.W. , Schaasberg W. P. , van der Poet C. L. , Mauser‐Bunschoten E. P. , Houghton M. , Choo Q.‐L. , Kuo G. , Lesniewski R. , Troonen H. , Lelie P. N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA second generation ELISA for combined detection of antibodies to three hepatitis C virus (HCV) recombinant proteins, i.e. C100, C33c and core, was compared with a first generation anti‐HCV ELISA in which only antibodies to C100 are detected. The results of the ELISAs were evaluated in 225 haemophilia patients (panel A) and 44 patients with non‐A, non‐B (NANB) hepatitis (panel B). HCV infection was established by cDNA‐polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (in panel B only) and by studying the anti‐HCV reaction patterns in 4 separate ELISAs for detection of antibodies to the recombinant proteins C100, C33c, core and a combination of two synthetic peptides sp67/65 derived from the C100 region. The sensitivity for the detection of HCV infection had increased from 0.92 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.87–0.95] to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.98–1.00) in haemophiliacs and from 0.84 (95% CI: 0.66–0.95) to 1.00 (95% CI: 0.89–1.00) in NANB hepatitis patients when the second generation ELISA was used instead of the first generation ELISA. Concurrently the chance of a false negative result was reduced in panel A and B from 0.37 to 0 and from 0.28 to 0, respectively. Analysis of anti‐HCV reaction patterns revealed that 172 of 206 (83.5%) anti‐HCV ELISA‐reactive haemophilia patients had antibodies to all 4 antigens tested. In the NANB hepatitis patients 18 of 31 (58.1%) anti‐HCV ELISA‐reactive subjects reacted with 4 antigens. In the PCR tested panel of NANB hepatitis patients 2 subjects who showed antibody reactivity to only one antigen and 5 patients with reactivity to 2 antigens were PCR‐positive. On the other hand, 1 NANB hepatitis patient showed antibody reactivities to all 4 antigens tested, but was PCR‐negative. Antibodies to core were the most prevalent in the two populations studied. We conclude that the introduction of the second generation anti‐HCV ELISA will significantly reduce the likelihood of unrecognized HCV infection.
Hepatitis C Viraemia in United Kingdom Blood Donors: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Garson J. A. , Clewley J. P. , Simmonds P. , Zhang L. Q. , Mori J. , Ring C. , Follett E. A. C. , Dow B. C. , Martin S. , Gunson H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOf 10,633 blood donations tested in three regional blood transfusion centres with two commercial first generation screening assays for antibodies to the hepatitis C virus (HCV), 65 (0.61%) were found to be repeatedly reactive in one or both assays. Five of the 65 were confirmed positive by recombinant immunoblot assay (Ortho RIBA‐2) and a further 4 were judged indeterminate. All 5 RIBA‐2 positive donations and 1 of the 4 RIBA‐2 indeterminates were shown to be viraemic by HCV‐RNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays performed at three independent reference laboratories. The remaining 56 screen test reactive donations proved negative by RIBA‐2 and, with 1 exception, negative by PCR. We conclude that while first generation anti‐HCV screening assays generate a high proportion of false reactions when screening low prevalence populations, results of the RIBA‐2 confirmatory test correlate well with PCR findings and thus indirectly with both hepatitis C viraemia and infectivity.
Bone Marrow Fractionation by the Haemonetics System: Reduction of Red Cell Mass before Marrow Freezing, with Special Reference to Pediatric Marrow Volumes
Authors: Saarinen U.M. , Lähteenoja K.M. , Juvonen E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFor purposes of freezing autologous marrow or transplants of allogeneic marrow with major ABO blood group incompatibility, 54 freshly harvested bone marrows from children of 7–65 kg of weight were depleted of their red cells with the Haemonetics V50 system. The marrow volumes ranged from 230 to 1,145 ml, with 17 small (200–399 ml), 18 intermediate (400–799 ml) and 19 large (800–1,200 ml) volumes. After processing, the median recoveries were: volume 24%, red cell mass 18%, and nucleated cells 75%. In the small marrow volume group, a good nucleated cell recovery was achieved at the expense of red cell depletion. The colony‐forming units, granulocytes‐macrophages (CFU‐GM) were normal after thawing of processed, cryopreserved marrows, and good engraftment of both allogeneic and autologous marrows were achieved. We conclude that marrow processing with the Haemonetics V50 system results in adequate red cell depletion and good nucleated cell recovery without open‐air contact of marrow or excessive time consumption. For small marrow volumes, however, the red cell depletion was suboptimal, and a bowl size smaller than 125 ml is desirable for pediatric use.
Transfusion Results of Filtered and Subsequently Stored Random Platelet Suspensions Prepared from Buffy Coats
Authors: Novotny V.M.J. , van Doom R. , Rozier Y. , D'Amaro J. , Harvey M.S. , Brand A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThere is almost general agreement that removal of leukocytes from blood components reduces the incidence of HLA‐antibody formation and refractoriness to random platelet transfusions. Recently filters have become available, which are able to reduce leukocyte contamination in platelet suspensions with acceptable platelet loss. We evaluated a cellulose acetate (CA) and a polyester (PE) filter, and stored buffy coat‐derived platelet suspensions after filtration. Both filters are effective for the removal of leukocytes to levels below 5 times 106 per transfusate. For the CA filter, platelet recovery was 73+13% yielding 256+53 times 109 platelets per transfusate from 6 donors. For the PE filter, platelet recovery was 90+9% and 327+51 times 109 platelets per transfusate. When a loading dose of less than 5 times 108 leukocytes was applied, 98% of the CA‐filtered suspensions and 100% of the PE‐filtered suspensions contained less than 5 times 106 residual leucocytes. In 123 patients transfusion results of CA‐filtered platelet suspensions stored for 72 h, were compared with those obtained by non‐stored, non filtered, random platelet suspensions which had been leukocyte depleted by differential centrifugation. Platelet increments 1 and 20 h after transfusion showed no statistical difference between CA‐filtered platelet transfusions stored for 72 h and non‐stored, non‐filtered platelet transfusions. In a new cohort of 117 patients, two filters and various postfiltration storage times were compared. Using both filters, the 1‐hour posttransfusion increments decreased to approximately 60% after 96 h of storage compared to results of storage periods of 72 h or less. Moreover, gradually decreasing platelet survical, as measured from 20‐hour post‐transfusion increments, was observed with increased storage time, from 24 h onwards. This decrease in platelet survival was associated with a decrease in pH. Because the pH and storage interval are strongly related, pH could not be evaluated as an independent parameter. The storage‐related decreased platelet survival, however, was more severe after PE filtration than after CA filtration, whereas pH was better maintained after PE filtration. In 164 cases the bleeding time was measured after transfusion of platelet stored for ≥72 h. Provided that a posttransfusion increment of ≥15 times 109/l was reached after transfusion with filtered, stored platelets, bleeding times shortened, indicating the hemostatic activity of filtered and subsequently stored platelets.
Granulocyte Serology Findings in Juvenile Symptomatic Idiopathic Autoimmune Neutropenia Using a Multiassay Procedure: Report on 21 Cases
Authors: Borzini Piero , Assali Giorgio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe serological findings on 21 children with idiopathic autoimmune neutropenia are reported. A multiassay procedure was adopted including agglutination, immunofluorescence and cytotoxicity tests. Beside a cause‐effect correlation between granulocyte antibodies and clinical course, a serologic polymorphism was found. As the sensitivity of each assay seemed to be related to the characteristics of the involved antigens and antibodies, as well as to the intrinsic sensitivity of the tests, the performance of a multiassay procedure appears to be advisable for the diagnosis and the follow‐up of autoimmune neutropenia.
Immunoglobulin Classes and Subclasses of Platelet Antibodies in a Case of Post‐Transfusion Purpura
Authors: Porretti L. , Marangoni F. , Cofrancesco E. , Neri M.C. , Rebulla P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA multiparous white woman developed severe thrombocytopenia following transfusion of red blood cells. Six ineffective platelet transfusions (a total of 42 random donor concentrates) were given from day 0 to day +6, high‐dose steroids from day +1, progressively tapered until day +30, and a total of 150 g of intravenous immunoglobulins from day +2 to day +6. As platelet count had not increased significantly by day +8, four plasma exchange procedures, each consisting of 2,000 ml of plasma exchanged with 5% albumin solution, were performed on days +8, +10, +14 and +18. Platelet count was 5, 50, 100 and 234 times 109/1 on days +8, +14, +26 and +32 (discharge), respectively. The patient's acute phase serum contained increased levels of platelet alloantibodies with anti‐HPA‐la (PlA1, Zwa) specificity and a titer of 3,200. IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 subclasses of platelet‐reactive antibodies in the patient's serum were elevated, whereas IgG4, IgM and IgA were within the reference values. Levels of IgG1, IgG2 and IgG3 of antiplatelet antibodies showed a marked and parallel reduction during treatment, but were still above the reference values at the end of treatment and 1 year later, when the patient platelet count was normal. Although a failure of intravenous immunoglobulins cannot be proven in this case, plasma exchange seems to have contributed more than intravenous immunoglobulins to clinical remission.
Do HLA Antigens Play a Role in Intermediate Uveitis?
Authors: Arocker‐Mettinger E. , Mayr W.R. , Huber‐Spitzy V. , Steurer‐Georgiew L. , Grabner G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA total of 52 nonrelated Caucasian patients (21 male, 31 female, age at onset of the disease: 7–74 years, average: 31.6 years) suffering from intermediate uveitis were tissue typed for 56 different HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR‐antigens.No significant association between any specific HLA‐antigen and the disease, both when comparing the total patient group with a large, healthy control population, or any of the different subgroups (male vs. female, early vs. late onset, mild vs. severe course) could be demonstrated.
Correlation between Anti‐HBc Titers and HBV DNA in Blood Units without Detectable HBsAg
Authors: Iizuka Hisao , Ohmura Kazuyo , Ishijima Ayako , Satoh Koei , Tanaka Takeshi , Tsuda Fumio , Okamoto Hiroaki , Miyakawa Yuzo , Mayumi Makoto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA was tested for in 294 blood units which had antibody against hepatitis B core antigen (anti‐HBc) as the isolated serological marker of HBV infection. After amplification by polymerase chain reaction, HBV DNA was detected in 12 (6.9%) of 175 units that were positive for anti‐HBc with hemagglutination inhibition titers ≧26, significantly more often than in none of 119 units with titers ≦25 (p<0.01). These results indicate that the exclusion of blood units with isolated high‐titer anti‐HBc would be effective for further decreasing the risk of post‐transfusion hepatitis B.
Thrombocytopenia Due to Platelet Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa‐Reactive Autoantibodies Non‐Reactive with Platelets from EDTA Blood
Authors: Kuijpers R. W. A. M. , Ouwehand W. H. , Peelen W. , Michiels J. J. , Engelfriet C. P. , von dem Borne A. E. G. Kr. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe describe 2 patients with thrombocytopenia and autoantibodies in the blood against platelet membrane glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa, in whom reactivity of the antibodies with their antigen was greatly diminished in the presence of sodium EDTA. One patient also showed a marked thrombocytopathy, suggesting a functional blocking of GP IIb/IIIa by these autoantibodies. These observations show that some immunologically important autoantibodies can easily be missed in routine serological investigations in which EDTA blood is used, obscuring the autoimmune nature of a thrombocytopenia and possibly of a thrombopathy as well.
Plasma Levels of the Lipid Mediators, Leukotriene B4 and Lyso Platelet‐Activating Factor, in Intraoperative Salvaged Blood
Authors: Sieunarine K. , Lawrence‐Brown M. M. , Goodman M. A. , Prendergast F. J. , Rocchetta Silvana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIt has been shown that white cells and platelets release their granules into the plasma of salvaged blood. Whether this release is due to destruction alone or a combination of destruction and activation is not known. Lipid mediators, platelet‐activating factor and leukotriene B4, are produced by activated white cells and platelets and have effects on the cardiovascular, respiratory and immune systems and the microcirculation. The aim was to determine if white cells and platelets are activated in salvaged blood by measuring the levels of these lipid mediators. Ten patients undergoing aortic surgery, where intraoperative salvage was used, were studied. Blood samples were taken from the patient's circulation and the salvaged blood before and after washing. The levels of leukotriene (LTB4) and lyso platelet‐activating factor (PAF, the stable degradation product of PAF) were measured in the samples by a radioimmunoassay and a bioassay, respectively. The levels of both these substances increased in the unwashed salvaged blood (mean patient levels: LTB4 27±4.3 ng/ml and L‐PAF 73±8.5 ng/ml; mean unwashed blood levels: LTB4 95±12.2 ng/ml and L‐PAF 172.9±26.4 ng/ml) and were reduced by washing of the collected blood (mean washed blood levels of LTB4, 23.9±4.8 ng/ml, and L‐PAF 18±5 ng/ml).The increase of the lipid mediators in the unwashed salvaged blood indicates that white cells and platelets are activated and releasing lipid mediators. Washing of the collected blood is effective in removing the lipid mediators.
Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Antibody Positivity in Blood Donors in a Low‐Risk Country
Authors: Kolho E. K. , Krusius T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDemographic variables, sexual risk behavior and prevalence of parenteral risk factors were studied in 305 randomly selected donors seronegative for hepatitis C virus, in 170 randomly selected donors reactive on solely enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA C‐100), in 71 consecutive donors reacting indeterminately according to the second‐generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II) and in 46 consecutive donors found to be positive using the RIBA II. Donors who were positive by RIBA II had significantly more often a risk factor, for example use of intravenous drugs or previous blood transfusion, than donors reacting indeterminately (34 out of 46) (73.9%) versus 14 out of 71 (19.7%, p = 0.0000). Donors reacting indeterminately by RIBA II had one of those risk factors significantly more often than seronegative donors (14 out of 71) (19.7%) versus 23 out of 280 (7.8%, p<0.005). When donors either positive or indeterminate by RIBA II were compared with donors negative for hepatitis C antibodies, the odds ratio for a possible parenteral source of infection was 7.6 (p = 0.0000). Subjects who had received a poor education (odds ratio 0.3, p<0.001) or who lived in southern Finland (odds ratio 2.3, p<0.05) were also at higher risk for being positive or indeterminate in RIBA II. First‐time donors were also prone to having antibodies according to RIBA II (odds ratio 2.2, p = 0.1), whereas sexual risk behavior, gender, age, occupational class and type of residential area were not risk factors for hepatitis C antibodies in RIBA. It is concluded, that a possible parenteral source of infection is the major risk factor for having antibodies to hepatitis C virus as tested by RIBA.
Process‐Scale Purification of Immunoglobulin M Concentrate
Authors: Ng Paul K. , O'Rourke Peter E. , Andersen John D. , Tsay Grace C. , Dobkin Milton B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn IgM concentrate was purified from Cohn fraction III. Efficiency of euglobin precipitation was shown to be controlled by pH and ionic strength. Prekallikrein activator activity in the product was insignificant. Overall yield from the octanoic acid supernate and purity of the concentrate were 66 ± 8 (n = 16) and 50 ± 5% (n = 16), respectively. Solvent‐detergent treatment to inactivate lipid‐enveloped viruses was demonstrated and implemented into the process. Process studies to control residual virucidal agents and C4a generating activity are presented.
Studies in Red Blood Cell Preservation
Authors: Greenwalt T.J. , Dumaswala U.J. , Dhingra N. , Allen C.M. , Silberstein E.B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractStudies were conducted to examine whether an experimental additive solution (EAS‐2) containing, in mM: 20 NH4Cl, 30 Na2HPO4, 2 adenine, 110 dextrose, 55 mannitol, pH 7.15, would be useful to extend the storage shelf life of human RBCs. With 6 pairs of split units, ATP concentrations were better maintained for 12 weeks with EAS‐2 than with Adsol® (1.8 vs. 1.1 μmol/gHb, respectively, p = 0.002). Autologous 24‐hours 51Cr viability values for split units in the same donors were: on 6 paired units at 8 weeks, EAS‐2 87.0±4.5%, Adsol 72.6±2.3%, p = 0.004; on 11 paired units at 9 weeks, EAS‐2 79.5±7.1%, Adsol 68.2±10.1%, p = 0.0003. The data suggest that packed RBCs stored for 9 weeks with EAS‐2 will be suitable for transfusion following the removal of supernatant with a single washing step.
Improved Removal of Anti‐A and Anti‐B Antibodies from Plasma Using Blood‐Group‐Active Haptens
Authors: Blomberg L. , Bratt T. , Chester M. A. , Hansson B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHighly efficient anti‐blood group A and B immunoadsorbents for extracorporeal treatment were developed by immobilizing A and B trisaccharide and A tetrasaccharide haptens on Sepharose 4FF and Fractogel TSK using three different methods. The adsorption of the IgG and IgM anti‐A antibodies was essentially the same regardless of the A hapten used or the method of oligosaccharide coupling. The adsorption of IgM anti‐A was found to be more sensitive than IgG anti‐A to changes in column flow rate. The binding of both the IgM and IgG antibodies was slightly lower at 37°C than at 22°C. An anti‐A/anti‐B adsorbent column potentially suitable for treatment of patients was prepared. A column switching system resulted in a more efficient adsorption of antibodies. Hapten leakage from the column was very low. No nonspecific adsorption of plasma proteins to the column (other than traces of albumin) could be detected.
Direct Agglutination of Weak D Red Cells by Tetramolecular Complexes Containing Monoclonal IgG Anti‐D
Authors: Lemieux Réal , Verrette Sylvain , Broly Hervé , Perron Serge 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe capacity of blood group antibodies to agglutinate red cells suspended in saline is largely dependent on the antibody isotype. The immunological cross‐linking of IgG antibodies has previously been described as a means to increase the reactivity of IgG in many situations. We have prepared anti‐D‐containing complexes by blending a human IgG anti‐D monoclonal antibody (mAb) and a murine anti‐human IgG mAb. In standard red cell serology assays, the anti‐D complexes exhibited a very high avidity and could agglutinate weak D‐positive red cells in direct saline testing. These results indicate that potent saline hemagglutinating reagents of RhD and eventually of other blood group specificities can be prepared from IgG mAbs.