bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The emergence of ectomesenchyme
Authors: Blentic Aida , Tandon Panna , Payton Sarah , Walshe Jennifer , Carney Tom , Kelsh Robert N. , Mason Ivor , Graham Anthony 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the head, neural crest cells generate ectomesenchymal derivatives: cartilage, bone, and connective tissue. Indeed, these cells generate much of the cranial skeleton. There have, however, been few studies of how this lineage is established. Here, we show that neural crest cells stop expressing early neural crest markers upon entering the pharyngeal arches and switch to become ectomesenchymal. By contrast, those neural crest cells that do not enter the arches persist in their expression of early neural crest markers. We further show that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is involved in directing neural crest cells to become ectomesenchymal. If neural crest cells are rendered insensitive to FGFs, they persist in their expression of early neural crest markers, even after entering the pharyngeal arches. However, our results further suggest that, although FGF signaling is required for the realization of the ectomesenchymal lineages, other cues from the pharyngeal epithelia are also likely to be involved. Developmental Dynamics 237:592–601, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cellular and molecular determinants targeting the Caenorhabditis elegans PHR protein RPM‐1 to perisynaptic regions
Authors: Abrams Benjamin , Grill Brock , Huang Xun , Jin Yishi 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCaenorhabditis elegans RPM‐1 is a member of a conserved protein family, the PHR proteins, that includes human Pam, mouse Phr1, zebrafish Esrom, and Drosophila Highwire. PHR proteins play important roles in the development of the nervous system. In particular, mutations in rpm‐1 cause a disruption of synaptic architecture, affecting the distribution of synaptic vesicles and the number of presynaptic densities. Using antibodies against RPM‐1, we determined the localization of the endogenous RPM‐1 protein in wild‐type and in several mutants that affect synaptic development. Our analyses show that, in mature neurons, RPM‐1 resides in a distinct region that is close to, but does not overlap with, the synaptic exo‐ and endocytosis domains. The localization of RPM‐1 occurs independently of several proteins that function in the transport or assembly of synapse components, and its abundance is partially dependent on its binding partner the F‐box protein FSN‐1. RPM‐1 has been shown to target the MAPKKK DLK‐1 for degradation. We show that activated DLK‐1 may be preferentially targeted for degradation. Furthermore, using transgene analysis, we identified a critical role of the conserved PHR domain of RPM‐1 in its subcellular localization. Developmental Dynamics 237:630–639, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Temporal and spatial localization of three germline‐specific proteins in medaka
Authors: Aoki Yumiko , Nagao Issei , Saito Daisuke , Ebe Youko , Kinjo Masataka , Tanaka Minoru 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe show that germline‐specific proteins, olvas (vasa), nanos, and tdrd1 (tudor), alter their localization in the cytoplasm during germline development in the medaka (Oryzias latipes). By immunohistochemical analysis, these three germline‐specific proteins were detectable on granule‐like structures in the cytoplasm of migrating primordial germ cells. In the germ cells of the gonadal primordia, these granules formed a hollow area lacking these three protein components. During the sexual differentiation of the female gonads, the granules were found to be reduced in size in the germ cells undergoing cystic division and they showed a perinuclear localization in the oocytes. However, the germ cells in the male gonads retained their hollow granules during this early sex differentiation stage. We further demonstrate the differential localization of olvas, nanos, and tdrd1 on these granules during medaka germline development. Developmental Dynamics 237:800–807, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Large‐Scale Synthesis of Water Dispersible Ceria Nanocrystals by a Simple Sol–Gel Process and Their Use as a Chemical Mechanical Planarization Slurry
Authors: Yu Taekyung , Park Yong Il , Kang Min‐Cheol , Joo Jin , Park Jin Kyung , Won Ho Youn , Kim Jae Jeong , Hyeon Taeghwan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCeria nanocrystals with a cube shape were synthesized from the hydrolytic sol–gel reaction of cerium salt in the presence of oleylamine. The overall synthetic process is very simple and readily applicable to the large‐scale synthesis of tens of grams of product in a single reaction in air. These ceria nanocrystals are readily dispersible in aqueous media without the addition of any extra dispersing agent. The aqueous dispersion of the ceria nanocrystals was successfully used as a chemical mechanical polishing slurry, and it exhibited high removal selectivity between silicon oxide and silicon nitride at pH 7.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Versatility of Laser Pyrolysis Applied to the Synthesis of TiO2 Nanoparticles – Application to UV Attenuation
Authors: Pignon Bruno , Maskrot Hicham , Guyot Ferreol Véronique , Leconte Yann , Coste Servane , Gervais Monique , Pouget Thierry , Reynaud Cécile , Tranchant Jean‐François , Herlin‐Boime Nathalie 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTiO2 nanoparticles show interesting catalytic and optical properties and are therefore highly demanded for several applications. In this paper, we show that pure and N‐doped TiO2 powders with an average diameter as low as 8 nm can be synthesized by laser pyrolysis, with the use of an aerosol of TTIP (titanium tetraisopropoxide) as the main precursor sensitized by C2H4. We demonstrate the possibility to control the anatase/rutile phase ratio over a large range, which was not achieved before, by tuning the experimental parameters. N‐doped particles have also been produced for the first time by this method by using a one‐step process through addition of NH3. First results illustrating the consequences in terms of UV absorption properties are also presented and correlated with the structural evolution and the presence of a doping element.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Solid‐State Organic/Inorganic Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Poly(octylthiophene) and Dye‐Sensitized Nanobrookite and Nanoanatase TiO2 Electrodes
Authors: Lancelle‐Beltran Emmanuelle , Prené Philippe , Boscher Christophe , Belleville Philippe , Buvat Pierrick , Lambert Sébastien , Guillet François , Marcel Corinne , Sanchez Clément 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe performance of solid‐state hybrid dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSC), based on polythiophene polymers as hole‐transporting materials, have been compared by varying TiO2 mesoporous n‐semiconductor film microstruture parameters such as the crystalline phase (brookite and anatase), initial crystallite size and sintering temperature conditions. For both crystalline phases a rise in the TiO2 mesoporous film curing temperature from 450 °C to 600 °C produces a twofold increase in the energy conversion efficiency leading to a significant current density improvement. When using the same solar‐cell preparation process and a 500‐nm‐thick photoactive layer, the cells made up of brookite and anatase mesoporous materials give a reproducible solar energy conversion efficiency that reaches 0.48 % and 0.74 %, respectively (at standard AM 1.5).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Antimony Amide Oxide and Antimony Chloride Oxide Wrapped in an Organoaluminum Framework
Authors: Singh Sanjay , Nembenna Sharanappa , Jancik Vojtech , Roesky Herbert W. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSyntheses of trimetallic aluminum and antimony compounds containing an Al2O2SbN and an Al2O2SbCl core in [LAl(Me)(μ‐O)]2Sb(NMe2) and [LAl(Me)(μ‐O)]2SbCl, respectively, are reported. The former compound represents an example of an amide oxide of antimony and the latter is an example of a chloride oxide of antimony incorporated in an organoaluminum framework which in turn is supported by a sterically encumbered β‐diketiminate ligand L {L = HC[C(Me)N‐2,6‐iPr2C6H3]2}. The solid‐state structure of [LAl(Me)(μ‐O)]2Sb(NMe2) was elucidated by the aid of single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction technique which shows the molecule to crystallize in the triclinic space group P$\bar {1}$. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
The influence of self‐efficacy on the effects of framed health messages
Authors: Riet Jonathan van 't , Ruiter Robert A.C. , Werrij Marieke Q. , de Vries Hein 
Published: January 2008

AbstractHealth promoting messages can be framed in terms of the gains that are associated with healthy behaviour, or the losses that are associated with unhealthy behaviour. In this study, we examined the influence of self‐efficacy to quit smoking on the effects of gain framed and loss framed anti‐smoking messages in a randomized controlled trial among 539 adult smokers. Participants with a high self‐efficacy to quit smoking reported higher levels of motivation to quit smoking after receiving a loss framed message than after receiving a gain framed message or no message. For these participants receiving a gain framed message did not result in a higher motivation to quit smoking than receiving no message. For participants with a low self‐efficacy to quit smoking there were no differences in motivation to quit smoking between the gain framed message condition, loss framed message condition and control condition. Our results suggest that self‐efficacy can moderate the effects of message framing on persuasion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forecasting market impact costs and identifying expensive trades
Authors: Bikker Jacob A. , Spierdijk Laura , Hoevenaars Roy P. M. M. , Van der Sluis Pieter Jelle 
Published: January 2008

AbstractOften, a relatively small group of trades causes the major part of the trading costs on an investment portfolio. Consequently, reducing the trading costs of comparatively few expensive trades would already result in substantial savings on total trading costs. Since trading costs depend to some extent on steering variables, investors can try to lower trading costs by carefully controlling these factors. As a first step in this direction, this paper focuses on the identification of expensive trades before actual trading takes place. However, forecasting market impact costs appears notoriously difficult and traditional methods fail. Therefore, we propose two alternative methods to form expectations about future trading costs. Applied to the equity trades of the world's second largest pension fund, both methods succeed in filtering out a considerable number of trades with high trading costs and substantially outperform no‐skill prediction methods. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐tumor activity of an anti‐endoglin monoclonal antibody is enhanced in immunocompetent mice
Authors: Tsujie Masanori , Tsujie Tomoko , Toi Hirofumi , Uneda Shima , Shiozaki Ken , Tsai Hilda , Seon Ben K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn the present study, we investigated the mechanisms by which anti‐endoglin (EDG; CD105) monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) suppress angiogenesis and tumor growth. Antihuman EDG mAb SN6j specifically bound to murine endothelial cells and was internalized into the cells in vitro. SN6j effectively suppressed angiogenesis in mice in the Matrigel plug assay. We found that SN6j is more effective for tumor suppression in immunocompetent mice than in SCID mice. We hypothesized that T cell immunity is important for effective antitumor efficacy of SN6j in vivo. To test this hypothesis, we investigated effects of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) and depletion of CD4+ T cells and/or CD8+ T cells on antitumor efficacy of SN6j in mice. Systemic (i.v.) administration of a relatively small dose (0.6 μg/g body weight/dose) of SN6j suppressed growth of established s.c. tumors of colon‐26 in BALB/c mice and improved survival of the tumor‐bearing mice. Addition of CpG ODN to SN6j synergistically enhanced antitumor efficacy of SN6j. In contrast, such enhancing effects of CpG ODN were not detected in SCID mice. Antitumor efficacy of SN6j in BALB/c mice was abrogated when CD4+ T cells and/or CD8+ T cells were depleted; effect of CD8+ T cell depletion was stronger. Interestingly, CD4‐depletion decreased tumor growth while CD8‐depletion enhanced tumor growth in the absence of SN6j. SN6j induced apoptosis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose‐dependent manner which indicates an additional mechanism of antiangiogenesis by SN6j. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Induction of protective and therapeutic antitumor immunity by a DNA vaccine with a glioma antigen, SOX6
Authors: Ueda Ryo , Kinoshita Eiko , Ito Rena , Kawase Takeshi , Kawakami Yutaka , Toda Masahiro 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWe previously reported identifying SOX6 as a glioma antigen by serological screening using a testis cDNA library. Its preferential expression and frequent IgG responses in glioma patients indicate that SOX6 may be a useful target for immunotherapy. To examine whether cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) responses specific for SOX6 to destroy glioma can be generated in vivo, we treated glioma‐bearing mice by vaccination with a plasmid DNA encoding murine full‐length SOX6 protein. Following SOX6‐DNA vaccination, CTLs specific for SOX6‐expressing glioma cells were induced, while normal autologous‐cells that had restrictedly expressed SOX6 during embryogenesis were not destroyed. Furthermore, DNA vaccination with SOX6 exerted protective and therapeutic antitumor responses in the glioma‐bearing mice. This antitumor activity was abrogated by the depletion of CD4 positive T cells and/or CD8 positive T cells. These results suggest that the SOX6 protein has multiple CTL and helper epitopes to induce antitumor activity and the effectiveness of SOX6‐DNA vaccine for the prevention and treatment of glioma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mitochondrial D310 mutations in colorectal adenomas: An early but not causative genetic event during colorectal carcinogenesis
Authors: Legras Antoine , Lièvre Astrid , Bonaiti‐Pellié Catherine , Cottet Vanessa , Pariente Alexandre , Nalet Bernard , Lafon Jacques , Faivre Jean , Bonithon‐Kopp Claire , Goasguen Nicolas , Penna Christophe , Olschwang Sylviane , Laurent‐Puig Pierre 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSomatic mutations of the D310 sequence of the mitochondrial DNA are reported in human cancers, including colorectal cancers (CRC). The presence of these mutations at early or late steps of colorectal carcinogenesis is unknown. Their prevalence increased significantly with the number of cytosines in the D310 sequence of the matched normal tissue (D310 polymorphism), suggesting that this polymorphism could be a risk factor for CRC. The aim of this study was (i) to investigate the prevalence of D310 mutations in 64 colorectal adenomas and 36 liver metastases from 15 CRC patients, (ii) to assess the relation between D310 polymorphism and the risk of colorectal adenoma in a case‐control study including 613 cases with colorectal adenoma and 572 polyp‐free (PF) controls. D310 mutations were found in colorectal adenomas and liver metastases from CRC patients in 27 and 33%, respectively and so are an early genetic event in colorectal carcinogenesis. The frequency of the mutations increased significantly with the number of cytosines in the matched normal tissue D310 sequence (p < 0.001) but the distribution of D310 polymorphisms was not significantly different between adenoma cases (large (>9 mm) and small (<5 mm) adenomas) and PF controls (C4‐C7TC6: 47, 52 and 49%; C8TC6: 44, 39 and 41%; C9‐C10TC6: 9, 9 and 10%, respectively; p > 0.05), suggesting that germline D310 polymorphism is not a risk factor for colorectal adenomas. Considering their high frequency in colorectal adenomas, mitochondrial D310 mutations could represent a biomarker for early detection of CRC although their causative role in colorectal carcinogenesis remains uncertain. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
CCL17 and CCL22 chemokines within tumor microenvironment are related to accumulation of Foxp3+ regulatory T cells in gastric cancer
Authors: Mizukami Yoshiki , Kono Koji , Kawaguchi Yoshihiko , Akaike Hidenori , Kamimura Kazuyasu , Sugai Hidemitsu , Fujii Hideki 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt has been reported that an increased population of regulatory T cells (Tregs) is one of the reasons for impaired anti‐tumor immunity. Recently, Foxp3 has been reported as a reliable marker of Tregs. The authors investigated the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs within CD4+ cells in TILs, regional lymph nodes and PBLs of gastric cancer patients (n = 45). Furthermore, to elucidate the mechanisms behind Treg accumulation within tumors, they evaluated the relationship between CCL17 or CCL22 expression and the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in gastric cancer. CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs as a percentage of CD4+ cells were counted by flow cytometry and evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, an in vitro migration assay using Tregs derived from gastric cancers was performed in the presence of CCL17 or CCL22. As a result, the frequency of Foxp3+ Tregs in TILs was significantly higher than that in normal gastric mucosa (12.4% ± 7.5% vs. 4.1% ± 5.3%, p < 0.01). Importantly, the increase in Tregs in TILs occurred to the same extent in early and advanced disease. Furthermore, the frequency of CCL17+ or CCL22+ cells among CD14+ cells within tumors was significantly higher than that of normal gastric mucosa, and there was a significant correlation between the frequency of CCL17+ or CCL22+ cells and Foxp3+ Tregs in TILs. In addition, the in vitro migration assay indicated that Tregs were significantly induced to migrate by CCL17 or CCL22. In conclusion, CCL17 and CCL22 within the tumor are related to the increased population of Foxp3+ Tregs, with such an observation occurring in early gastric cancer. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor effector functions of T cells are dependent on in vivo priming and restricted T‐cell receptor expression
Authors: Lüking Carolin , Kronenberger Konrad , Frankenberger Bernhard , Nößner Elfriede , Röcken Martin , Mocikat Ralph 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTumor‐specific T cells are crucial for immunologic control of malignant disease. T cells can be induced in vivo by vaccination or adoptively transferred after activation ex vivo. We investigated the requirements for generating T cells with optimal antitumor effector functions in a murine lymphoma model. Using adoptive transfer, we show that in vivo efficacy of T cells cannot be predicted by tumor reactivity in vitro. A restricted T‐cell receptor β chain repertoire of T‐cell populations stimulated ex vivo against tumor cells was necessary but not sufficient for tumor protectivity. Tumor elimination furthermore required vaccination of donor mice, hence in vivo priming. The in vivo priming step may allow tumor‐specific T cells to accumulate in vitro more rapidly and to survive for longer periods after withdrawal of the antigenic stimulus and adoptive transfer. A possible survival benefit of in vivo induced T cells may be ascribed to the responsiveness to homeostatic cytokines and to unique cytokine milieus encountered in vivo. Most importantly, monoclonal T cells cannot inhibit tumor growth. A prerequisite of tumor rejection was the expression of at least 2 T‐cell receptor β chains by transferred T‐cell populations. This finding has implications for designing adoptive transfer strategies for the clinic. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Designing antibodies for the inhibition of gastrin activity in tumoral cell lines
Authors: Barderas Rodrigo , Shochat Susana , Timmerman Peter , Hollestelle Martine J. , Martínez‐Torrecuadrada Jorge L. , Höppener Jo W.M. , Altschuh Danièle , Meloen Rob , Casal José Ignacio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGastrin and its derivatives are becoming important targets for immunotherapy of pancreatic, gastric and colorectal tumors. This study was conducted to design antibodies able to block gastrin binding to the gastrin/cholecystokinin‐2 (CCK‐2) receptor in order to delay tumor growth. The authors have used different gastrin molecules, combined with the diphtheria toxoid, to generate and select human single chain variable fragments (scFvs) as well as mouse monoclonal antibodies and scFvs against different regions of gastrin. There was a remarkable conservation in the antibody repertoire against gastrin, independently of the approach and the species. The germlines most frequently used in gastrin antibody formation were identified. Three different epitopes were identified in the gastrin molecule. The resulting mouse monoclonal antibodies and scFvs were analyzed for gastrin neutralization using Colo 320 WT cells, which overexpress the CCK‐2 receptor. The gastrin neutralizing activity assay showed that N‐terminal specific mouse monoclonal antibodies were more efficient to inhibit proliferation of Colo 320 WT cells than the anti‐C terminal antibodies. Moreover, the human antigastrin scFvs obtained in this study inhibited significantly the proliferation of Colo 320 tumoral cells. These findings should contribute to a more rational design of antibody‐based antigastrin therapies in cancer, including passive administration of human antibodies with blocking activity. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Forensic issues in infant mental health: Challenging systems, clinical risk, future collaborations
Authors: Stafford Brian , Zeanah Charles H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMuch clinical work in infant mental health includes working with families of young children involved in the complex arenas of the legal and child protection systems. These systems have their own distinctive languages, cultures, and values, but they share a concern with clinicians about the best interest of the child. This special issue explores selected topics in this area, calling attention to research, policy, and clinical issues in forensic infant mental health. The purpose of the issue is to stimulate additional thinking and additional scholarly attention to these vital issues that have such importance for families around the world.
Infant mental health, child maltreatment, and the law: A jurisprudent therapy analysis
Authors: Clark James J. , Sprang Ginny 
Published: January 2008

AbstractScholarly and clinical discussions of the legal issues facing infant mental health professionals typically focus on the seemingly intractable differences in philosophies, goals, and approaches inherent in the law and the mental health professions. We argue that forensically informed approaches to practice with very young children can potentially enhance many mental health and child welfare outcomes. This article describes the relatively new conceptual frameworks known as “therapeutic jurisprudence” and “jurisprudent therapy.” Using these conceptual frameworks, we analyze representative problems that are typical in infant mental health practice with maltreated children through case examples drawn from their evaluations of children and families in the child protection and legal systems. Demonstrations of how such dilemmas can be approached with enhanced analytic decision‐making and practice approaches are presented. We argue that applying such jurisprudent therapy approaches opens up fresh perspectives for evidence‐based practices that facilitate creative, rigorous, and intellectually stimulating clinical work.