bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Between football and martyrdom: the bi‐focal localism of an Arab‐Palestinian town in Israel
Authors: Sorek Tamir 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStudies of the relationship between nationalism and localism have brought evidence that these orientations might maintain either relations of opposition or congruence. By conceiving of localism mainly as a strategy, this paper argues that localism can be used alternately as an anchor of nationalist narrativeoras an alternative to nationalism by the exact same community. This argument is illustrated by the case of Sakhnin, an Arab‐Palestinian town in Israel. Local pride in Sakhnin has developed around two separate foci: a nationalist heroic narrative of martyrdom and the success of the local football team. These two foci developed in complete isolation, since the first is embedded in a Palestinian nationalist narrative while the latter is oriented toward the Israeli Jewish public. An ethnographic study follows the construction of these separate spheres and a survey conducted among 174 men in the town confirms that involvement in the football sphere correlates with both local pride and integrative orientations.
Auditory streaming affects the processing of successive deviant and standard sounds
Authors: Müller Dagmar , Widmann Andreas , Schröger Erich 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis study investigated the temporal relation between two early mechanisms of auditory information processing: the segregation of the auditory input into streams and the automatic deviance detection indicated by the mismatch negativity (MMN). To address this question the processing of successive deviant and standard tones within streaming and nonstreaming conditions was analyzed. In the streaming condition the amplitude reduction of MMN elicited by the second of two successive deviants was found to be smaller for successive deviants presented in different than in same streams. No corresponding MMN differences were obtained in a nonstreaming condition. These results demonstrate that stream segregation precedes deviance detection. Moreover, modulations of the N1 amplitudes elicited by successive standard tones in the streaming condition demonstrate that not only deviance‐related processing but even initial sound processing is affected by streaming.
Meaningful gestures: Electrophysiological indices of iconic gesture comprehension
Authors: Wu Ying Choon , Coulson Seana 
Published: November 2005

AbstractTo assess semantic processing of iconic gestures, EEG (29 scalp sites) was recorded as adults watched cartoon segments paired with soundless videos of congruous and incongruous gestures followed by probe words. Event‐related potentials time‐locked to the onset of gestures and probe words were measured in two experiments. In Experiment 1, participants judged the congruency between gestures and cartoons. Gestures elicited an N400‐like component (gesture N450) that was larger for incongruent than congruent items, as well as a late positivity that was larger for congruent items. In Experiment 2, participants assessed the relatedness between probe words and preceding cartoon‐gesture pairs. N450 effects to gestures were observed without overlapping positivity. These findings suggest that iconic gestures are subject to semantic processes analogous to those evoked by other meaningful representations, such as pictures and words.
Long‐term memory is the representational basis for semantic verbal short‐term memory
Authors: Cameron Katherine A. , Haarmann Henk J. , Grafman Jordan , Ruchkin Daniel S. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe present study supports activation models of verbal short‐term memory that include a semantic contribution to the retention process. Event‐related brain potentials were used to probe the level of activation of semantic representations of a series of words in a delay interval following their presentation. The levels of activation were compared in two tasks: (1) a short‐term memory task that involved a semantic judgment in the recall phase following the delay interval, and (2) a nonmemory control task. The level of semantic activation during the delay interval was higher in the short‐term memory task, indicating that enhanced activation of semantic representations is involved in the short‐term storage of verbal information. This result implies that activated long–term memory provides a representational basis for semantic verbal short‐term memory, and hence supports theories that postulate that short‐ and long‐term stores are not separate.
An ERP indicator of processing relevant gestalts in masked priming
Authors: Verleger Rolf , Görgen Stefani , Jaśkowski Piotr 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBriefly presented arrows, made indistinguishable by masks that contain arrows, inversely prime responses to following visible arrows. This inverse effect might reflect general regularities of masked priming or be either due to the task‐relevant elements of the mask or to special features of arrows. Here we report a slow negative EEG potential recorded from the scalp above the visual cortex, which is evoked by masks that contain arrows. Even being evoked when arrows masks were presented in isolation, this “Nd‐mask” appeared to be an obligatory response. Yet Nd‐mask was enhanced when primes and targets were arrows and was reduced in the other cases, and even reversed its polarity with appropriate control stimuli. These findings provide support both for the special status of arrows and for the notion of mask relevance. Nd‐mask might be one instance of negative EEG potentials evoked by stimuli with familiar gestalts.
Analgesia and sedation in the critically ill
Authors: Hansen Bernard D. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective:To summarize the challenges to recognizing pain in critically ill patients, the rationale for treatment even in the absence of signs of pain, and the therapeutic options available in the intensive care environment.Etiology:Pain is one of many stressors challenging the critically ill patient, and may in turn be multifactorial in nature. Common causes include local and systemic inflammation, injuries, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, immobilization, and thrombosis.Diagnosis:Critically ill animals with pain may not demonstrate overt behavioral or physiologic signs of distress. Therefore, pain must be assumed to be present for animals whose condition puts them at risk.Therapy:Currently available analgesic and sedative drugs and methods of delivery are described. Several useful analgesics and sedatives may be co‐administered as fluid additives to provide continuous therapy.Prognosis:There is growing evidence that the neuroendocrine stress response to severe injury or illness may become sufficiently intense to contribute to morbidity and mortality. Many therapeutic analgesic and sedation options provide good control of pain and stress, and in some circumstances this may improve the outcome of critical illness.
Potential interactions between non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs and other drugs
Authors: Trepanier Lauren A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractObjective:The objective of this review is to summarize what is known in human and veterinary patients regarding the potential interactions of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with clinically important drugs.Data sources:Relevant articles as identified through searches of Medline, 1985 to present.Human data synthesis:Hemodynamic drug interactions are most likely to cause clinically relevant problems in humans, in which NSAIDs blunt the response to anti‐hypertensive agents and diuretics in patients with cardiovascular disease, or cause renal decompensation in patients with hypovolemia. In addition, NSAIDs enhance the ulcerogenic effects of glucocorticoids or other recently administered NSAIDs, and can increase bleeding from anti‐coagulant drugs or from herbs with platelet inhibitory activities.Veterinary data synthesis:Although there are numerous studies examining the safety and efficacy of various NSAIDs in healthy or arthritic dogs, there are very few studies that address the safety of these agents in veterinary patients receiving medication for other acute or chronic conditions.Conclusions:Based upon what is known in humans, more studies are needed in veterinary patients to assess the safety of NSAIDs in those animals being treated with anti‐hypertensive, diuretic or anti‐coagulant drugs.
Deformation‐enhanced metamorphic reactions and the rheology of high‐pressure shear zones, Western Gneiss Region, Norway
Authors: TERRY M. P. , HEIDELBACH F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMicrostructural and petrological analysis of samples with increasing strain in high‐pressure (HP) shear zones from the Haram garnet corona gabbro give insights into the deformation mechanisms of minerals, rheological properties of the shear zone and the role of deformation in enhancing metamorphic reactions. Scanning electron microscopy with electron backscattering diffraction (SEM–EBSD), compositional mapping and petrographic analysis were used to evaluate the nature of deformation in both reactants and products associated with eclogitization. Plagioclase with a shape‐preferred orientation that occurs in the interior part of layers in the mylonitic sample deformed by intracrystalline glide on the (0 0 1)[1 0 0] slip system. In omphacite, crystallographic preferred orientations indicate slip on (1 0 0)[0 0 1] and (1 1 0)[0 0 1] during deformation. Fine‐grained garnet deformed by diffusion creep and grain‐boundary sliding. Ilmenite deformed by dislocation glide on the basal and, at higher strains, prism planes in the a direction. Relationships among the minerals present and petrological analysis indicate that deformation and metamorphism in the shear zones began at 500–650 °C and 0.5–1.4 GPa and continued during prograde metamorphism to ultra‐high‐pressure (UHP) conditions. Both products and reactants show evidence of syn‐ and post‐kinematic growth indicating that prograde reactions continued after strain was partitioned away. The restriction of post‐kinematic growth to narrow regions at the interface of garnet and plagioclase and preservation of earlier syn‐kinematic microstructures in older parts layers that were involved in reactions during deformation show that diffusion distances were significantly shortened when strain was partitioned away, demonstrating that deformation played an important role in enhancing metamorphic reactions. Two important consequences of deformation observed in these shear zones are: (i) the homogenization of chemical composition gradients occurred by mixing and grain‐boundary migration and (ii) composition changes in zoned metamorphic garnet by lengthening diffusion distances. The application of experimental flow laws to the main phases present in nearly monomineralic layers yield upper limits for stresses of 100–150 MPa and lower limits for strain rates of 10−12 to 10−13 s−1 as deformation conditions for the shear zones in the Haram gabbro that were produced during subduction of the Baltica craton and resulted in the production of HP and UHP metamorphic rocks.
Palaeoproterozoic evolution of the Challenger Au deposit, South Australia, from monazite geochronology
Authors: MCFARLANE C. R. M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMonazite in granulite facies metatexite migmatites (Christie Gneiss) hosting the Challenger Au deposit, South Australia, records a series of growth and resorption stages over a c. 60 Myr period between 2470 and 2410 Ma. A combination of electron microprobe X‐ray mapping and in situ ion‐microprobe dating was used to delineate and date five compositional domains. The oldest prograde metamorphic components are preserved in granoblastic gneisses surrounding the deposit, and as small high‐Y cores in large monazite grains in Au‐bearing migmatites. In metatexite leucosomes, these cores were partially resorbed prior to the growth of large high‐Th monazite domains that crystallized during partial melting and stromatic migmatite development at c. 2443 Ma. Subsequent heating to biotite dehydration conditions (c. 850 °C at 7 kbar) caused further partial melting roughly 10–15 Myr later, giving rise to c. 2428 Ma domains surrounding partly resorbed 2443 Ma grains that were entrained in the higher‐temperature melts. This period of partial melting coincided with isoclinal folding culminating in dextral transpression and represents the most likely window for remobilization of Au‐bearing polymetallic sulphide melts into low‐strain domains. Localized reaction of residual melt with the granulite facies assemblage during cooling gave rise to narrow high‐Y rims dated at 2414 ± 7 Ma. Although monazite from unmineralized granoblastic gneisses and migmatitic ore zones display the same range of U‐Pb dates, monazite in migmatites displays a higher overall Ca + Th + U content, indicating that compositional heterogeneities between ore zones and host rocks developed prior to 2470 Ma, perhaps a consequence of the hydrothermal alteration inferred to have accompanied gold mineralization.
An In Vitro Biomechanical Comparison of a Prototype Equine Metacarpal Dynamic Compression Plate Fixation with Double Dynamic Compression Plate Fixation of Osteotomized Equine Third Metacarpal Bones
Authors: SOD GARY A. , HUBERT JEREMY D. , MARTIN GEORGE S. , GILL MARJORIE S. 
Published: November 2005

ObjectivesTo compare the monotonic biomechanical properties of a prototype equine third metacarpal dynamic compression plate (EM‐DCP) fixation with a double broad dynamic compression plate (DCP) fixation to repair osteotomized equine third metacarpal (MC3) bones.Study DesignIn vitro biomechanical testing of paired cadaveric equine MC3 with a mid‐diaphyseal osteotomy, stabilized by 1 of 2 methods for fracture fixation.PopulationTwelve pairs of adult equine cadaveric MC3 bones.MethodsTwelve pairs of equine MC3 were divided into 3 test groups (4 pairs each) for (1) 4‐point bending single cycle to failure testing, (2) 4‐point bending cyclic fatigue testing, and (3) torsional testing. The EM‐DCP (10‐hole, 4.5 mm) was applied to the dorsal surface of one randomly selected bone from each pair. Two DCPs, 1 dorsally (10‐hole, 4.5 mm broad) and 1 laterally (9‐hole, 4.5 mm broad) were applied to the contralateral bone from each pair. All plates and screws were applied using standard AO/ASIF techniques to MC3 bones that had mid‐diaphyseal osteotomies. Mean test variable values for each method were compared using a paired t‐test within each group. Significance was set atP<.05.ResultsMean 4‐point bending yield load, yield bending moment, bending composite rigidity, failure load and failure bending moment of the EM‐DCP fixation were significantly greater (P<.0001) than those of the double broad DCP fixation. Mean cycles to failure in 4‐point bending of the EM‐DCP fixation was significantly greater (P<.0008) than that of the double broad DCP fixation. Mean yield load, composite rigidity, and failure load in torsion of the EM‐DCP fixation were significantly greater (P<.0035) than that of the double broad DCP fixation.ConclusionThe EM‐DCP provides increased stability in both static overload testing and cyclic fatigue testing.Clinical RelevanceResults of this in vitro study support the conclusion that the prototype EM‐DCP fixation is biomechanically superior to the double broad DCP fixation for the stabilization of osteotomized equine MC3.
Subtotal Ostectomy of Dorsal Spinous Processes Performed in Nine Standing Horses
Authors: PERKINS JUSTIN D. , SCHUMACHER JIM , KELLY GER , POLLOCK PATRICK , HARTY MARIE 
Published: November 2005

Objective— To describe and evaluate subtotal ostectomy of dorsal spinous processes (DSP) performed in standing horses.Study Design— Retrospective study.Sample Population— Nine adult horses.Methods— The diseased portions of the DSP were removed with the horses standing and sedated after infiltrating a local anesthetic agent around the affected DSP. Medical records of affected horses were reviewed to determine history, findings of physical and radiographic examination, surgical technique, postoperative complications, and outcome.Results— Five horses had subtotal ostectomy of DSP because of osteomyelitis, and 4 because of impingement and/or fracture of DSP. Affected portions of DSP were removed safely and effectively, with no apparent discomfort to the horses; hemorrhage was minimal.Conclusions— Subtotal ostectomy of DSP can be performed safely in standing, conscious horses and the risks associated with general anesthesia are eliminated. Hemorrhage is minimal compared to that which occurs when the procedure is performed with horses anesthetized and in lateral recumbency.Clinical Relevance— Access and visibility are better when subtotal ostectomy of the DSP is performed with the horse standing rather than anesthetized and in lateral recumbency. Performing subtotal ostectomy of diseased DSP with the horse standing avoids the expense and risks of general anesthesia.
Exfoliation syndrome in Nordic countries: a comparative histopathological study of Danish and Finnish eyes with absolute glaucoma and uveal melanoma
Authors: Alyahya Ghassan Ayish , Hietanen Jaana , Heegaard Steffen , Kivelä Tero , Prause Jan Ulrik 
Published: November 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To compare the frequency of exfoliation syndrome (EXS) in Denmark and Finland in eyes enucleated for absolute glaucoma and uveal melanoma and to correlate these results to reported clinical prevalence rates. Methods:  The material consisted of 304 and 39 eyes consecutively removed because of absolute glaucoma and of 240 and 149 eyes enucleated because of uveal melanoma in Denmark and Finland, respectively. Histological sections of all eyes were stained with haematoxylin‐eosin and periodic acid‐Schiff and examined under a light microscope for EXS. Diagnosis of EXS was made by the consensus of the investigators. Results:  In absolute glaucoma eyes, EXS was observed in 12 out of 304 eyes (3.9%, 95% CI 2.1–6.8) in Denmark, and in 16 out of 39 eyes (41%, 95% CI 26–58) in Finland (p < 0.0001). In the melanoma eyes, EXS was noted in two out of 240 eyes (0.8%, 95% CI 0.1–3.0) in Denmark and in nine out of 149 eyes (6.0%, 95% CI 2.8–11) (p < 0.0037) in Finland. Conclusions:  The frequency of EXS was significantly higher in eyes removed for absolute glaucoma and malignant melanoma in Finland than in Denmark. This supports the clinical impression that EXS is rare in Denmark compared to other Nordic countries.
Choroidal schwannoma
Authors: Lee Sang‐Hyeok , Hong Jeong‐Seok , Choi Joon‐Hyuk , Chung Wha‐Sun 
Published: November 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  Schwannoma is rarely encountered as an intraocular tumor arising from uveal tract. We describe a case of choroidal schwannoma. Methods:  A 74‐year‐old woman presented with rapidly decreasing visual acuity and proptosis for 2 months. To further delineate the tumor, she underwent enucleation of the eyeball. The tumor was examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy and immunohistochemical study. Results:  Microscopically, the tumor was composed of a mixture of cellular solid component (Antoni A) and loose myxoid component (Antoni B). Immunohistochemical study revealed a positive reaction for S‐100 protein. Ultrastructurally, the tumor cells showed prominent, continuous basal lamina. Conclusions:  We enucleated the eyeball with a clinical diagnosis of choroidal amelanotic melanoma, but the tumor was finally diagnosed as schwannoma. We think that currently available ancillary studies are still little value in definitely differentiating schwannoma from other choroidal tumors.
Feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children using continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) and fast threshold strategy
Authors: Wabbels B. K. , Wilscher S. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  Visual field testing in children is always a challenge as testing is hampered by fatigue effects, easy distraction and lack of comprehension. For that reason new testing strategies for automated perimetry have mainly been evaluated on adults. We tested the feasibility and outcome of automated static perimetry in children in a standard clinical setting. Methods:  Twenty‐eight children aged 5–14 years were examined at the Twinfield perimeter, including healthy children, children with unilateral pathologies (normal eye tested) and children with strabismus. Fast threshold strategy (FT) and continuous light increment perimetry (CLIP) strategy were used in a randomized order. One eye per subject was examined and each test was performed twice. Results:  Reliable results were obtained in many children starting from the age of 8 years. In children aged 13 years and over, adult testing strategies were possible in most cases with good reproducibility. No significant difference was found between the children with strabismus and the other children. Mean sensitivity (MS) increased and fixation losses decreased as a function of age. Continuous light increment perimetry showed a lower number of abnormal fields and fewer false‐positive errors compared to FT. Conclusion:  Automated static perimetry is possible in many children in a clinical setting using a commercially available Twinfield perimeter in a session of clinically practical duration. Test performance was not only dependent on age, but also on the child's maturity and ability to concentrate. Especially in children up to the age of 8 years, testing with the ramp stimulus (CLIP) was easier than with a staircase strategy (FT).
Clinical characteristics of subretinal deposits in central serous chorioretinopathy
Authors: Wang Maria , Sander Birgit , La Cour Morten , Larsen Michael 
Published: November 2005

Abstract.Purpose:  To describe abnormal subretinal material in central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC). Design:  Retrospective observational case series. Participants:  168 consecutive patients (336 eyes) with a definite diagnosis of serous foveal detachment attributable to CSC in one or both eyes, on one or more occasions. Methods:  Review of all cases seen during a six‐year period. Grading of the amount of subretinal material at presentation as absent, questionable, mild, moderate or severe. Results:  Of 168 patients with CSC, 133 (79%) were men and 35 (21%) women. The median age was 45.2 years (range 22–70 yrs). The median duration of symptoms was 2 months (range 0.1–144 months). Subretinal material was found in the symptomatic eye or, in bilateral cases, in the eye that had most recently become symptomatic in 138 patients and in increasing amounts with increasing duration of symptoms (p < 0.001) but unrelated to age or sex. A substantial fraction of the material was shown by optical coherence tomography to be attached to the photoreceptor outer segments of the detached retina. Conclusions:  Increasing amounts of subretinal material are found with increasing duration of symptoms in eyes with CSC. This suggests that early granular deposits may be composed of fragments of photoreceptor outer segments that accumulate when the phagocytosis photoreceptor outer segment material is disrupted by the serous detachment of the retina. Other possible origins that cannot be excluded include plasma proteins excluding from the choriocapillaris, inflammatory debris, and lipid exudate originating from occult choroidal neovascularization secondary to CSC.