bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Repeated OGTT Versus Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Predicting Development of Stage 3 Type 1 Diabetes: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Desouter Aster K. , Keymeulen Bart , Van de Velde Ursule , Van Dalem Annelien , Lapauw Bruno , De Block Christophe , Gillard Pieter , Seret Nicole , Balti Eric V. , Van Vooren Elena R. , Staels Willem , Van Aken Sara , den Brinker Marieke , Depoorter Sylvia , Marlier Joke , Kahya Hasan , Gorus Frans K. ,   Belgian Diabetes Registry
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVE
Evidence for using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) as an alternative to oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) in presymptomatic type 1 diabetes is primarily cross-sectional. We used longitudinal data to compare the diagnostic performance of repeated CGM, HbA1c, and OGTT metrics to predict progression to stage 3 type 1 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS
Thirty-four multiple autoantibody-positive first-degree relatives (FDRs) (BMI SD score [SDS] &lt;2) were followed in a multicenter study with semiannual 5-day CGM recordings, HbA1c, and OGTT for a median of 3.5 (interquartile range [IQR] 2.0–7.5) years. Longitudinal patterns were compared based on progression status. Prediction of rapid (&lt;3 years) and overall progression to stage 3 was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) areas under the curve (AUCs), Kaplan-Meier method, baseline Cox proportional hazards models (concordance), and extended Cox proportional hazards models with time-varying covariates in multiple record data (n = 197 OGTTs and concomitant CGM recordings), adjusted for intraindividual correlations (corrected Akaike information criterion [AICc]).

RESULTS
After a median of 40 (IQR 20–91) months, 17 of 34 FDRs (baseline median age 16.6 years) developed stage 3 type 1 diabetes. CGM metrics increased close to onset, paralleling changes in OGTT, both with substantial intra- and interindividual variability. Cross-sectionally, the best OGTT and CGM metrics similarly predicted rapid (ROC-AUC = 0.86–0.92) and overall progression (concordance = 0.73–0.78). In longitudinal models, OGTT-derived AUC glucose (AICc = 71) outperformed the best CGM metric (AICc = 75) and HbA1c (AICc = 80) (all P &lt; 0.001). HbA1c complemented repeated CGM metrics (AICc = 68), though OGTT-based multivariable models remained superior (AICc = 59).

CONCLUSIONS
In longitudinal models, repeated CGM and HbA1c were nearly as effective as OGTT in predicting stage 3 type 1 diabetes and may be more convenient for long-term clinical monitoring.
Evaluation of a killed feline panleukopenia virus vaccine against canine parvoviral enteritis in dogs
Authors: Wierup Martin , Olson Pekka , Hedhammar Ake , Klingeborn Berndt , Karlsson Karl-Axel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunogenic potency of a killed feline panleukopenia virus vaccine against canine parvoviral enteritis in dogs was examined. The vaccine elicited hemagglutination-inhibition antibodies to canine parvovirus (cpv) in all of the 72 dogs which were vaccinated. The vaccine was protective in dogs against both experimentally induced and naturally occurring cpv-induced disease. By statistical analysis, 4 weeks was found to be the optimal spacing between 2 vaccinal doses resulting in hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titers up to 1:5,120. Adverse reactions to the vaccine were not observed. Atypical lymphocytes were found consistently in the cpv-infected control dogs.
Influence of physical exercise on plasma creatine kinase activity in healthy and dystrophic turkeys and sheep
Authors: Tripp Martha J. , Schmitz John A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Plasma creatine kinase (p-ck) activities were significantly increased after physical exercise in healthy turkeys and in turkeys with genetic muscular dystrophy. Activities as high as 100,500 mU/ml of plasma were observed. Activities remained high for at least 29 hours after exercise. Moderate exercise did not significantly affect p-ck activity in lambs. Increases in p-ck activity during expression of nutritional muscular dystrophy were readily distinguished from exercise effects; activity exceeded 160,000 mU/ml in lambs during expression of that condition.
Evaluation in swine of a subunit vaccine against pseudorabies
Authors: Maes Roger K. , Schutz Jeffrey C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A subunit vaccine against pseudorabies virus (prv) was prepared by treating a mixture of pelleted virions and infected cells with the nonionic detergent Nonidet P-40 and emulsifying the extracted proteins in incomplete Freund's adjuvant. Three 7-week-old pigs without antibodies against prv were given 2 im doses of this vaccine 3 weeks apart. Thirty days after the 2nd vaccination. 106 median tissue culture infective doses (tcid50) of a virulent strain of prv were administered intranasally. Tonsillar and nasal swabs were collected daily between 2 and 10 days after challenge exposure. The pigs vaccinated with the subunit vaccine were not found to shed virulent prv. Two groups of five 7-week-old pigs vaccinated with commercially available vaccines, either live-modified or inactivated virus, and subsequently exposed to 106 tcid50 of virulent prv, shed virulent virus for up to 8 days. Hie subunit vaccine induced significantly higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers than either the live-modified or inactivated virus vaccine.
Comparison of hemagglutination and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay procedures for detecting canine parvovirus in feces
Authors: Mathys A. , Mueller R. , Pedersen N. C. , Theilen G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for detection of canine parvovirus (cpv) antigen in fecal samples was developed. Fecal samples were tested by elisa and a direct hemagglutination assay, and the results compared. The tests gave the same results in 83% and 88% of the fecal samples, depending on whether the samples were treated with chloroform. The discrepancies were due to the fact that each test detected virus in certain fecal samples that was not detected by the other. The use of a monoclonal anti-cpv conjugate resulted in a highly specific test. The performance of the elisa as a competitive assay also increased the reproducibility and sensitivity over that which could be obtained from a classic sandwich-type procedure.
Comparison of inactivated Newcastle disease viral vaccines containing different emulsion adjuvants
Authors: Brugh M. , Stone H. D. , Lupton H. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chickens inoculated with inactivated-virus Newcastle disease vaccines containing different emulsion adjuvants were challenge exposed with viscerotropic velogenic Newcastle disease virus. Adjuvant activity was evident in all of 9 vaccines containing mineral oil emulsion (oe), but was not evident in 2 vaccines which contained a metabolizable lipid emulsion (le) adjuvant consisting of peanut oil, glycerol, and lecithin. Serologic responses of chickens inoculated with oe vaccines were 10- to 100-fold higher than those of chickens inoculated with le vaccines. One of 106 chickens given oe vaccine, 12 of 24 given le vaccine, and all of 24 nonvaccinated control chickens were clinically affected or died after challenge exposure. Five oe vaccines emulsified only by brief vigorous shaking had adjuvant activity similar to 4 oe vaccines emulsified by conventional homogenization.
Isolation of virus and antibody containing immune complexes from mink with Aleutian disease by affinity chromatography of equine complement Clq
Authors: Burger Dieter , Sriranganathan Nammalwar , McDonald Thomas L. , Gorham John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Affinity chromatography on immobilized equine complement Clq was used for the isolation of complement-binding immune complexes in sera of mink infected with Aleutian disease virus. Immune complexes were isolated and quantitated from 4 of 5 infected mink, as early as 2 weeks after infection and before hypergammaglobulinemia had appeared. The quantity of immunoglobulin G in these immune complexes ranged from 180 to 370 μg/ml serum. There were no Clq-binding immune complexes found in mink which were negative for Aleutian disease antibody. Using 125I-labeled BSA-anti-BSA complexes, we demonstrated that the affinity columns bound selectively immune complexes which had formed in antibody excess, whereas immune complexes in antigen excess were not bound. By neutralization of sensitized virus with anti-mink IgG serum, non-Clq-binding immune complexes were also detected, which indicates that circulating immune complexes in persistently infected mink are heterogeneous as far as their reactivity with equine Clq is concerned.
Costa as a glycogen store and probable site of energy generation in Tritrichomonas foetus
Authors: LeMoine L. A. , Hart L. T. , Larson A. D. , McCorkle-Shirley S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Costae were isolated from the parasitic protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus and were found to contain 87% of the total cellular glycogen. Radiotracer studies, using [U-14C]glucose, were performed on starved and unstarved whole cells and on costae isolated from starved and unstarved cells. During cell starvation, catabolism of labeled costal glycogen was demonstrated. Preferential utilization by the cell of costal glycogen over other cellular glycogen stores was indicated.
Epizootic bovine abortion: Histogenesis of the fetal lesions
Authors: Kennedy Peter C. , Casaro A. P. , Kimsey P. B. , Bon Durant R. H. , Bushnell R. B. , Mitchell Geoffrey M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The development of the fetal lesions of epizootic bovine abortion (eba) was studied in a series of experiment and field cases of the disease. Thirty-six experimentally infected fetuses were recovered at periods of 29 to 126 days after their dams had been infected by allowing the vector tick Ornithodorus coriaceus to feed on them. The sequential development of the fetal lesions was studied and the lesions compared with those in both naturally occurring and experimentally induced infections of the dams which either aborted or carried to term. The early changes observed in the fetuses consisted of transformation and proliferation of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. These changes were marked by 50 days after tick exposure of the dams, but fetal lesions specific enough to permit making the diagnosis of the disease did not develop until 100 days after dams were exposed by tick feeding. In the fetuses which were either aborted or carried to term after prolonged infection, acute necrotizing lesions were superimposed on the chronic proliferative fetuses. Acute necrotizing foci developed in several organs, but most commonly in lymph nodes and spleen. These foci frequently formed pyogranulomas. Acute vasculitis developed at the same time as the acute focal-necrotizing lesions. These lesions were similar to immune-mediated lesions that result from the deposition of toxic complexes in the tissues. Immunofluorescent examination demonstrated that immunoglobulins (Ig)G and IgM were present in the vascular lesions.
Isolation of bovine syncytial virus from mesenteric lymph nodes of cattle
Authors: Marshall R. G. , Gillette K. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine syncytial virus was isolated from mesenteric lymph nodes of young dairy calves, beef cattle, and mature dairy cattle. Isolations were made in cocultures of lymph node specimens and bovine embryonic lung cells or by subpassage of cocultures in which cytopathic effects were not initially detected. The bovine syncytial viral isolates after storage at −65 C for 3 months in either infected cell cultures of supemate fluids from suspensions or sonically treated infected cell monolayers were usually recovered. Bovine syncytial virus also was recovered from cell cultures after storage for 6 months at −25 C.
Using red blood cell creatine concentration to evaluate the equine erythropoietic response
Authors: Wu Ming-Jeong , Feldman Bernard F. , Zinkl Joseph G. , Jain Nemi C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Red blood cell creatine concentration was examined to determine its association with the equine erythropoietic response. Studies were conducted on 9 healthy horses, 4 healthy ponies, 24 anemic horses, and 2 horses in which anemia was experimentally induced. A modified Jaffe reaction was used to measure rbc creatine concentration. The mean rbc creatine concentration of the 9 healthy horses was 5.72 ± 0.42 mg/dl, and that of the 4 healthy ponies was 2.59 ± 0.31 mg/dl. Density-separation of erythrocytes from the healthy horses revealed significantly higher (P < 0.001) creatine content (7.72 ± 0.57 mg/dl) in the young rbc populations than in the old rbc populations (4.03 ± 0.27 mg/dl).
The rbc creatine content was assayed in 19 hot-blooded horses which were anemic due to a variety of causes. Of these anemic horses, 12 with pcv between 25% and 30% had a mean rbc creatine concentration of 6.12 ± 0.46 mg/dl. The 7 other anemic horses with pcv < 25% had a mean rbc creatine value of 6.07 ± 0.12 mg/dl.
Bone marrow films were examined from 5 anemic horses and in the 2 horses in which anemia was experimentally induced. The rbc creatine concentration correlated positively (P < 0.001) with the reticulocyte count in the bone marrow and negatively with the myeloiderythroid ratio (P < 0.001).
Natural cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the domestic cat: Properties and specificity of effector cells
Authors: Tompkins M. B. , Huber K. , Tompkins W. A. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Using a 51Cr-release microcytotoxicity assay, natural cytotoxic cell activity was demonstrated in the peripheral blood of clinically normal, nonimmune cats. Cytotoxicity was enhanced against virus-infected feline cells over that in noninfected cells. Xenogeneic mouse and hamster target cells were also susceptible to lysis. The cytotoxic activity increased as effector-to-target cell ratios were increased and required a 16-hour assay to be expressed. The specificity of the natural cytotoxicity was selective in that some, but not all, target cells tested were susceptible to lysis. Characterization of the cytotoxic cells showed them to be nonadherent and to possess Fc receptors for immunoglobulin G.
Organ blood flow and distribution of cardiac output in hypocapnic ketamine-anesthetized swine
Authors: Tranquilli William J. , Thurmon John C. , Benson G. John 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Organ blood flow and distribution of cardiac output (co) were determined in 9 awake (control) and ketamine-anesthesized swine (4 mg/kg bolus followed by continuous infusion of 0.3 mg/kg/min, iv), using 15 μ diameter radionuclide-labeled microspheres. Absolute values of blood flow (per 100 g basis) were determined for various organs and peripheral tissues. Internal organs of the swine, which constituted 8.25 ± 0.79% of the total body mass, received 55.83 ± 5.13% of the co. The fraction of co received by brain, heart, kidneys, liver (via hepatic artery), and gastrointestinal tract was 1.10%, 2.67%, 19.84%, 11.81%, and 16.84%, respectively. During ketamine anesthesia, the fraction of co perfusing the kidneys and liver (hepatic artery) increased from control and values for brain, heart, and splanchnic organs remained unchanged. Blood flow (per unit weight) of brain, cardiac, and splanchnic organs decreased; kidney and skeletal muscle blood flow was unaltered; and hepatic arterial blood flow increased from the awake (control) values. The hyperdynamic state often associated with ketamine anesthesia was not evident in these pigs during intermittent positive-pressure ventilation resulting in hypocapnia.
Transmission and control of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus
Authors: Adams D. S. , Klevjer-Anderson P. , Carlson J. L. , McGuire T. C. , Gorham J. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was isolated from goat milk and transmitted most efficiently to kids through both milk and colostrum. In addition, it appeared that transmissions through other secretions of the doe occurred, but were less important than transmission in milk and colostrum. Intrauterine infection may have occurred in 2 of 32 cesarean-derived goats, but postpartum horizontal transmission could not be ruled out. Transmission by the aerosol route was not demonstrated, and even shortterm direct contact between virus-infected bucks and virus-free does during breeding did not result in transmissin. Prolonged direct contact for over 12 months between weaned cesarean-derived goats and virus-infected goats was necessary before horizontal transmission could be demonstrated under nondairy conditions. However, when uninfected does were milked with infected does, a high percentage became infected in less than 10 months. Heat inactivation (56 C) reduced approximately 105 median tissue culture infective doses of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus to below titratable levels, and virus was not transmitted to kids fed virus-infected colostrum that had been heated at 56 C for 1 hour. A program of eradication is discussed in which kids are removed from their dams at birth, fed safe sources of colostrum and milk, and isolated from other goats until weaning.
Simultaneous cystometry and uroflowmetry (micturition study) for evaluation of the caudal part of the urinary tract in dogs: Reference values for healthy animals sedated with xylazine
Authors: Moreau Philippe M. , Lees George E. , Gross David R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Micturition studies were performed in 12 healthy dogs (6 females and 6 males). The animals were sedated with xylazine given either iv (1.1 mg/kg) or im (2.2 mg/kg). Separate antepubic catheters were used to perform bladder infusions and record intravesical pressures. Instantaneous urine flow measurements were obtained, using an apparatus specially designed and constructed for small animals.
A total of 45 simultaneous cystometric and uroflowmetric recordings were obtained, and numerical values for 16 different micturition variables were tabulated. The variables were analyzed separately on the basis of sex of the animal, route of administration of the sedative, and the fact of having had a previous bladder instrumentation-micturition study performed. Significant differences within individual dogs were not seen in these analyses. Intravesical pressures, urine flow rates, compliances, and urethral resistance were significantly different (P < 0.05) between male and female dogs.
The micturition study was a simple and reliable urodynamic testing method that could be clinically useful in dogs. In contrast to urodynamic tests previously described in veterinary medicine, this method provided evaluation of the bladder and urethra as a functional unit during both the filling and the emptying phases of micturition. A micturition study should not be regarded as an absolute measure of the physiologic activity of the caudal part of the urinary tract. However, it can provide important additional information for clinical assessment when the lower part of the urinary tract is affected by disease, injury, or drugs.
Studies of the pathogenesis of anemia of inflammation: Mechanism of impaired erythropoiesis
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. , Krehbiel Janver D. , Lund John E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cats with induced sterile abscesses developed a hematologic disorder consistent with anemia of inflammation. Serum iron concentrations decreased while the abscess was present, but erythropoietin concentrations did not change significantly.
Cobalt administration to control (healthy) cats resulted in polycythemia, reticulocytosis, and hyperferremia. Cats with abscesses responded to cobalt similarly; however, magnitudes of the polycythemia and reticulocytosis were less.
Constant infusion of ferric citrate (iv) into cats with sterile abscesses maintained serum iron concentration in the normal to high range. The iron infusion did not prevent the anemia, but did enable the bone marrow to respond to the anemia.
Transmission of equine cyathostomes (Strongylidae) in central Texas
Authors: Craig T. M. , Bowen J. M. , Ludwig K. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
After foaling, 6 mares and their foals were placed on equine parasite-free pastures. Observations of fecal nematode eggs and pasture larvae indicated peak cyathostome egg production occurred in late August and early September, with greatest numbers of larvae on the forage appearing during October. Two foals were necropsied for parasitologic evaluations at approximately 155 days of age. Both had approximately 100,000 adult cyathostomes, mostly Cylicostephanus longibursatus, Cylicocyclus nassatus and Cyathostomum catinatum. However, there were nearly 7 times more cyathostome larvae (189,004) in the foal necropsied in October, during the autumn rise in pasture larval populations, than in the foal examined in September (27,354).
Blood-gas tensions and acid-base status in ponies during treadmill exercise
Authors: Parks Christine M. , Manohar Murli 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood-gas tensions and acid-base status were examined in 8 healthy grade ponies at rest (heart rate = 55 ± 3 beats/min) and during moderate (fast trot; heart rate = 155 ± 3 beats/min) and severe (gallop; heart rate = 218 ± 7 beats/min) exercise performed on a treadmill. Arterial oxygen tension and hemoglobin-oxygen saturation of exercising ponies did not change from the resting values. Arterial oxygen content increased markedly during exercise, as a consequence of increased hemoglobin concentration. The total oxygen content, as well as the saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in the mixed venous blood, decreased at each intensity of exercise. Arterial carbon dioxide tension decreased with moderate (16%) and severe (29%) exercise, indicating hyperventilation. In galloping ponies, during steady-state severe exercise marked metabolic acidosis developed, as indicated by a sharp increase in the arterial concentration of lactic acid (11.6 ± 1.3 mM/L during severe exercise vs 0.6 ± 0.3 mM/L at rest). This increase in lactate was accompanied by a decrease in arterial pH and bicarbonate concentration.
Effects of dietary copper and molybdenum on tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea) toxicity in sheep
Authors: White R. D. , Swick R. A. , Cheeke P. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dried tansy ragwort (Senecio jacobaea), which contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (pa), was fed to sheep to determine whether pa consumption influenced liver Cu concentrations. Nine Polypay wether lambs were allotted to 3 groups according to the diets: control diet + 50 μg of Cu/g of feed (control + Cu); tansy ragwort (TR) diet + 50 μg of Cu/g of feed (TR+Cu); and TR diet + 50 μg of Cu/g of feed and 10 μg of Mo/g of feed (TR + Cu + Mo). Liver Cu concentrations were sharply increased (13-fold) after 8 weeks of feeding the diets, and then decreased slightly. There were no significant differences in concentrations of liver Cu among treatment groups. All lambs in the group fed TR + Cu + Mo died by the end of 23 weeks, with the usual signs of pa poisoning, including liver necrosis, hepatic megalocytosis, and biliary hyperplasia. The TR intake was about 2.7 to 3.0 kg/kg of their initial body weight. All lambs in the group fed the control + Cu diet survived. The results indicated that sheep fed TR do not preferentially accumulate liver Cu. There was an indication that dietary Mo increased susceptibility to TR intoxication.
Immunologic studies of progeny of atopic dogs
Authors: Schwartzman Robert M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Atopic dogs were bred to establish a colony of progeny predisposed to develop type I hypersensitivity. In a 2-year period, 72 pups were born and were monitored for clinical evidence and immunologic “markers” of atopic disease. Thirteen dogs in the colony, belonging to the oldest age group, manifested clinical signs compatible with atopic disease. Immunologic variables relative to serum IgE levels, parasitic infection, and duration of severity of clinical signs of disease were studied in this group. Analysis of this data did not identify indicators which could be used to predict the development of the atopic state in dogs.