bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma Visfatin Concentrations in Severely Obese Subjects Are Increased After Intestinal Bypass
Authors: García‐Fuentes Eduardo , García‐Almeida Jose M. , García‐Arnés Juan , García‐Serrano Sara , Rivas‐Marín Jose , Gallego‐Perales Jose L. , Rojo‐Martínez Gemma , Garrido‐Sánchez Lourdes , Bermudez‐Silva Francisco J. , de Fonseca Fernando Rodríguez , Soriguer Federico 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Visfatin has shown to be increased in obesity and in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to determine the change in plasma visfatin in severely obese (SO) persons after weight loss following bariatric surgery in relation to glucose concentration.Research Methods and Procedures: Visfatin and leptin were studied in 53 SO persons (BMI, 54.4 ± 6.8 kg/m2) before and 7 months after bariatric surgery and in 28 healthy persons (BMI, 26.8 ± 3.8 kg/m2). All of the patients underwent bariatric surgery with biliopancreatic diversion or gastric bypass.Results: The pre‐surgery levels of visfatin in the SO group were greater than in the control group (55.9 ± 39.9 vs. 42.9 ± 16.6 ng/mL, p = 0.024). This increase was significant in the SO group with impaired fasting glucose (63.4 ± 36.6 ng/mL) and diabetes (60.0 ± 46.0 ng/mL). SO patients with normal fasting glucose had similar levels of visfatin to the controls. Seven months after surgery, visfatin levels were significantly increased (84.8 ± 32.8 ng/mL, p < 0.001). This increase was independent of the pre‐surgical glucose levels. The type of bariatric surgery had no influence on visfatin levels. Post‐surgical visfatin was significantly correlated with the post‐surgery plasma concentrations of leptin (r = 0.39, p = 0.014).Discussion: Plasma levels of visfatin in the SO group were increased but only when accompanied by high glucose levels, even in the range of impaired fasting glucose. Bariatric surgery causes an increase in visfatin, which is correlated mainly with the changes produced in the leptin concentration.
Adiponectin and Ghrelin Levels and Body Size in Normoglycemic Filipino, African‐American, and White Women
Authors: Araneta Maria Rosario G. , Barrett‐Connor Elizabeth 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Prior studies have reported ethnic differences in adiponectin and ghrelin, but few have assessed the role of body size in normoglycemic women. We compared fasting adiponectin and ghrelin concentrations in normoglycemic 40‐ to 80‐year‐old Filipino, African‐American, and white women.Methods: Participants included women from the Rancho Bernardo Study (n = 143), the University of California‐San Diego Filipino Women's Health Study (n = 136), and the Health Assessment Study of African‐American Women (n = 212). A 2‐hour oral glucose tolerance test was administered; glucose, insulin, lipid, and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Fasting adiponectin and ghrelin were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results: Whites and Filipinas had similar BMI (23.7 and 24.3 kg/m2, respectively), waist girth (75.6 and 77.2 cm, respectively), and total body fat (27.4 and 28.5%, respectively); African‐Americans had significantly larger BMI (28.8 kg/m2), waist girth (86.3 cm), and body fat (39.6%, p < 0.0001). Adiponectin was lower in Filipinas (8.90 µg/mL) and African‐Americans (9.67 µg/mL) compared with whites (15.6 µg/mL, p < 0.001) after adjusting for age, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR), and waist‐to‐hip ratio. Compared with whites, Filipinas (β = −5.06, p < 0.0001) and African‐Americans (β = −6.85, p < 0.0001) had significantly lower adiponectin levels after adjusting for age, waist‐to‐hip ratio, HOMA‐IR, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, exercise, and alcohol use. Ghrelin was significantly lower in Filipinas compared with African‐Americans (1146.9 vs. 1412.2 pg/mL, p < 0.001), and this observation persisted in multivariable analysis (β = −245.4, p < 0.0001). Ghrelin levels did not differ between whites (1356.9 pg/mL) and either ethnic group.Discussion: Normoglycemic Filipino and African‐American women had significantly lower adiponectin concentrations than white women, and Filipinas had lower ghrelin levels than African‐Americans, independently of body size or indices of insulin resistance or lipids.
BMI and Seatbelt Use
Authors: Schlundt David G. , Briggs Nathaniel C. , Miller Stephania T. , Arthur Carlotta M. , Goldzweig Irwin A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Seatbelt use among obese persons may be reduced because seatbelts are uncomfortable. We investigated the association between obesity and seatbelt use with data from the 2002 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Survey.Research Methods and Procedures: Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for seatbelt use among overweight (BMI, 25.0 to 29.9), obese (BMI, 30.0 to 39.9), and extremely obese (BMI ≥ 40.0) persons, relative to a non‐overweight/non‐obese reference group (BMI ≤ 24.9), adjusted for age, race, gender, education, and state seatbelt law.Results: Adjusted odds ratios for seatbelt use were 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85 to 0.93) for overweight, 0.69 (0.66 to 0.73) for obese, and 0.45 (95% CI, 0.40 to 0.50) for extremely obese persons. Interaction effects were evident for all covariates, with stronger associations between increasing BMI and decreasing seatbelt use for women, increasing age, higher education, and residence in states with a secondary seatbelt law. There was a linear decrease in seatbelt use with increasing BMI for all subgroups except persons 18 to 24 years old.Discussion: Lack of seatbelt can be added to the list of risk factors associated with obesity. Effective preventive interventions are needed to promote seatbelt use among overweight and obese persons.
Effects of Dietary Lactose on Long‐term High‐fat‐diet‐induced Obesity in Rats
Authors: Goseki‐Sone Masae , Maruyama Rieko , Sogabe Natsuko , Hosoi Takayuki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: In this study, we examined the effects of lactose on long‐term high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity in rats.Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 112 Sprague‐Dawley strain female rats (6 weeks old) were divided into four groups: a basic control diet group (Cont), 10% lactose diet group (Lac), high‐fat diet group (Fat), and high‐fat with 10% lactose diet group (Fat+Lac). After 0, 7, 14, and 84 days from starting the experimental diet, the animals were fasted overnight and killed by bleeding from the abdominal aorta under anesthesia (n = 8 or 9/group).Results: After 84 days, the addition of lactose to the high‐fat diet decreased the final body weight, body weight gain, fat accumulation, and the levels of serum leptin, serum triglycerides, and serum glucose significantly (p < 0.05). Although there was no significant difference in the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus between the Fat and Fat+Lac groups, lumbar vertebral bone mineral density was significantly higher in the Fat+Lac group than in the Cont group on Day 82. Interestingly, the level of serum 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the Fat+Lac group on Day 84 was reduced by 74% compared with the Fat group (p < 0.01), while there was no significant difference in serum parathyroid hormone levels between the Fat and Fat+Lac groups.Discussion: This is the first study to suggest that the addition of lactose to a long‐term high‐fat diet may regulate not only calcium metabolism but also fat deposition. Further studies on the mechanism of dietary lactose in the regulation of adiposity would provide valuable data for the prevention of long‐term high‐fat‐diet‐induced obesity.
Effects of Subcutaneous Leptin Injections on Hypothalamic Gene Profiles in Lean and ob/ob Mice
Authors: Duan Jiuhua , Choi Yang‐Ho , Hartzell Diane , Della‐Fera Mary Anne , Hamrick Mark , Baile Clifton A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Leptin‐deficient ob/ob mice are more sensitive to exogenous leptin than lean mice and leptin treatment normalizes many of the phenotypic characteristics of ob/ob mice. The primary objective of this experiment was to investigate whether this altered leptin sensitivity in ob/ob mice was reflected in the hypothalamic mRNA profile.Research Methods and Procedures: Fifteen‐week‐old female ob/ob and lean mice were treated with 14 days of subcutaneous (sc) infusion of phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) or leptin (10 µg/d) using osmotic pumps. Real‐time Taqman reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) (ABI Microfluidic cards) was used to quantitatively compare the mRNA levels of selected hypothalamic genes in these groups.Results: Hypothalamic mRNA levels for ob/ob control mice were higher for agouti‐related protein (AGRP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), and arginine vasopressin (AVP), and lower for cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript (CART), cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)‐1, proopiomelanocortin (POMC)‐1, and urocortin (UCN)‐3 compared with lean controls. In leptin‐treated ob/ob mice, hypothalamic mRNA levels were reduced for NPY, AGRP, AVP, and increased for suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) compared with ob/ob controls. Leptin treatment dramatically up‐regulated hypothalamic mRNA level of POMC1 in both lean and ob/ob mice. Strong correlations were observed between hypothalamic Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) and CREB1, STAT3 and CREB1, JAK2 and STAT3, NPY and AVP in all samples.Discussion: ob/ob and lean mice have different hypothalamic mRNA expression patterns (particularly those of feeding‐related genes), and selected genes in ob/ob mice are more sensitive to exogenous leptin stimulation compared with lean mice.
Prolonged Decrease of Adipocyte Size after Rosiglitazone Treatment in High‐ and Low‐Fat‐Fed Rats
Authors: Johnson Julia A. , Trasino Steven E. , Ferrante Anthony W. , Vasselli Joseph R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The anti‐diabetic thiazolidinediones (TZDs) stimulate adipocyte differentiation and decrease mean adipocyte size. However, whether these smaller, more insulin‐sensitive adipocytes maintain their size after TZD therapy is discontinued has not been studied.Research Methods and Procedures: Adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed a low‐fat (10% fat) diet or, to elevate body weight (BW), a high‐fat (HF) diet (45% fat) for 6 weeks. Rats were initially randomized to groups (n = 12) fed either low‐fat or HF diets, with or without the TZD rosiglitazone (ROSI; 5 mg/kg per day), for 6 weeks. ROSI was then discontinued, and all animals were fed HF for another 6 weeks before sacrifice. Retroperitoneal (RP) adipose tissue morphology was determined from tissue collected by serial biopsies before and after 6 weeks of ROSI treatment and at sacrifice.Results: Measures of BW and adiposity did not differ among groups 6 weeks after stopping ROSI treatment. However, during treatment, ROSI in both diets significantly decreased RP adipocyte size and increased RP DNA content, and these effects continued to be observed after discontinuing treatment. ROSI administration also decreased circulating insulin, leptin, and triglycerides and increased circulating adiponectin levels; however, these effects were reversed on stopping treatment.Discussion: These results demonstrated that TZD‐induced effects on adipocyte size and number were maintained after discontinuing treatment, even with consumption of an obesigenic diet. However, additional studies are needed to determine whether TZD‐treated animals eventually achieve an adipocyte size similar to that of untreated animals at the expense of a higher BW.
Regional Body Volumes, BMI, Waist Circumference, and Percentage Fat in Severely Obese Adults
Authors: Wang Jack , Gallagher Dympna , Thornton John C. , Yu Wen , Weil Rich , Kovac Betty , Pi‐Sunyer F. Xavier 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: This study presents total body volume (TBV) and regional body volume, and their relationships with widely used body composition indices [BMI, waist circumference (WC), and percentage body fat (% fat)] in severely obese adults (BMI ≥35 kg/m2).Research Methods and Procedures: We measured TBV, trunk volume (TV), arm volume (AV), leg volume (LV), and WC and estimated % fat in 32 severely obese persons with BMI 36 to 62 kg/m2 (23 women; age, 19 to 65 years; weight, 91 to 182 kg) and in 58 persons with BMI <35 kg/m2 (28 women; age, 18 to 83 years; weight, 48 to 102 kg) using a newly validated 3‐day photonic image scanner (3DPS, Model C9036–02, Hamamatsu Co., Japan) and calculated TV/TBV, AV/TBV, and LV/TBV.Results: Men had significantly larger TBV and higher TV/TBV and AV/TBV, but significantly lower LV/TBV than women, independently of BMI. TV/TBV increased while AV/TBV and LV/TBV decreased with increasing BMI, WC, and % fat, and the rate of increase in TV/TBV per % fat was significantly greater in severely obese individuals than in individuals with BMI <35 kg/m2. The relationships for TBV with % fat were much lower than with BMI or WC.Conclusion: Body volume gains were mainly in the trunk region in adults, irrespective of sex or BMI. For a given BMI, WC, or % fat, men had a significantly larger TV than women. The implication is that men could have higher health risks due to having higher trunk body weight as a proportion of total body weight compared with severely obese or less severely obese women.
Association of Lipin 1 Gene Polymorphisms with Measures of Energy and Glucose Metabolism
Authors: Loos Ruth J.F. , Rankinen Tuomo , Pérusse Louis , Tremblay Angelo , Després Jean‐Pierre , Bouchard Claude 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine the importance of lipin 1 (LPIN1) gene variation in energy and glucose metabolism. Transgenic animal models have shown that lipin, a protein encoded by the LPIN1 gene, promotes fat synthesis and storage in adipose tissue while decreasing energy expenditure and lipid oxidation in skeletal muscle. Lpin1 was identified as the mutated gene in the fatty liver dystrophy mouse, which exhibits lipin deficiency and features of human lipodystrophy.Research Methods and Procedures: We genotyped five LPIN1 polymorphisms and tested for association with resting metabolic rate (RMR), fat oxidation, fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentration, and obesity‐related phenotypes, including BMI, body fat percentage, sum of six skinfolds, and waist circumference in 712 subjects of the Quebec Family Study.Results: The strongest results were generation‐specific. In parents, RMR of the G/G IVS13 + 3333A>G homozygotes was 107 kcal/d higher than in A/A homozygotes and 39 kcal/d higher than in A/G heterozygotes (p = 0.0003). In offspring, carriers of the C allele of the IVS18 + 181C>T variant had significantly higher (p < 0.0003) insulin levels than T/T homozygotes. These associations remained significant after adjusting for multiple testing. Several other associations between body composition measures and the IVS18 + 181C>T variant were significant (p = 0.05 to 0.003), suggesting a strong pattern of relationships.Discussion: These findings support the hypothesis that sequence variation in the LPIN1 gene contributes to variation in RMR and obesity‐related phenotypes potentially in an age‐dependent manner.
First Nationwide Survey of Prevalence of Overweight, Underweight, and Abdominal Obesity in Iranian Adults
Authors: Janghorbani Mohsen , Amini Masoud , Willett Walter C. , Gouya Mohammad Mehdi , Delavari Alireza , Alikhani Siamak , Mahdavi Alireza 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The goal was to estimate the prevalence of overweight, obesity, underweight, and abdominal obesity among the adult population of Iran.Research Methods and Procedures: A nationwide cross‐sectional survey was conducted from December 2004 to February 2005. The selection was conducted by stratified probability cluster sampling through household family members in Iran. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) of 89,404 men and women 15 to 65 years of age (mean, 39.2 years) were measured. The criteria for underweight, normal‐weight, overweight, and Class I, II, and III obesity were BMI <18.5, 18.5 to 24.9, 25 to 29.9, 30 to 34.9, 35 to 39.9, and ≥40 (kg/m2), respectively. Abdominal obesity was defined as WC ≥102 cm in men and ≥88 cm in women.Results: The age‐adjusted means for BMI and WC were 24.6 kg/m2 in men and 26.5 kg/m2 in women and 86.6 cm in men and 89.6 cm in women, respectively. The age‐adjusted prevalence of overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25) was 42.8% in men and 57.0% in women; 11.1% of men and 25.2% of women were obese (BMI ≥30), while 6.3% of men and 5.2% of women were underweight. Age, low physical activity, low educational attainment, marriage, and residence in urban areas were strongly associated with obesity. Abdominal obesity was more common among women than men (54.5% vs. 12.9%) and greater with older age.Discussion: Excess body weight appears to be common in Iran. More women than men present with overweight and abdominal obesity. Prevention and treatment strategies are urgently needed to address the health burden of obesity.
Forecasting the Obesity Epidemic in the Aging U.S. Population
Authors: Wang Y. Claire , Colditz Graham A. , Kuntz Karen M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to forecast BMI distribution in the U.S. population along with demographic changes based on past race‐, sex‐, and birth cohort‐specific secular trends.Research Methods and Procedures: We compiled data from 44,184 subjects from 4 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES; 1971 to 2004). By race and sex, we fit regression models to create smoothed mean BMI curves by age for 1970 to 2010. Linking corresponding birth cohorts across age‐ and year‐specific mean BMI projections, we estimated the trajectory of relative BMI throughout each cohort's lifetime. These projections were validated using actual cohorts in the Nurses’ Health Study and Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. Combined with U.S. census, we predicted BMI distributions in 2010 and examined the joint impact of the obesity epidemic and population aging.Results: BMI secular trends in the past 3 decades differ significantly by birth cohort, sex, and race. If these trends continue, the prevalence of obesity is expected to reach 35%, 36%, 33%, and 55% in 2010 among white men, white women, black men, and black women, respectively, far from the Healthy People 2010 goal of 15%. Such forecasts translate into 9.3 million more obese adults 20 to 74 years of age than in 2000, 8.3 million of whom would be 50 years of age or older, and 8.5 million of whom would be white. The mean age among obese men and women is also expected to rise from 47 to 49 years among whites and from 43 to 44 years among blacks.Discussion: As the baby boom generation approaches retirement age, the continuing obesity epidemic signals a likely expansion in the population with obesity‐related comorbidities. A framework to combine BMI and demographic trends is essential in evaluating the burden and disparity associated with the epidemic in the aging U.S. population.
Interaction of DIO2 T92A and PPARγ2 P12A Polymorphisms in the Modulation of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Fiorito Mirella , Torrente Isabella , De Cosmo Salvatore , Guida Valentina , Colosimo Alessia , Prudente Sabrina , Flex Elisabetta , Menghini Rossella , Miccoli Roberto , Penno Giuseppe , Pellegrini Fabio , Tassi Vittorio , Federici Massimo , Trischitta Vincenzo , Dallapiccola Bruno 
Published: July 2008

AbstractType 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (DIO2) converts thyroid prohormone tetraiodothyronine into the biologically active triiodothyronine hormone, which increases insulin sensitivity at the skeletal muscle level. The DIO2 T92A polymorphism modulates deiodinase activity and has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance. Also, the P121A polymorphism of the peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR) γ2 gene, which encodes a transcription factor involved in insulin signaling, has been inconsistently associated with insulin resistance. This study was aimed at evaluating the combined effect of DIO2 T92A and PPARγ2 P12A polymorphisms on insulin resistance‐related features in 590 non‐diabetic whites. A significant gene‐gene interaction was observed in the modulation of systolic (p = 0.01) and diastolic (p = 0.02) blood pressure and metabolic syndrome (p = 0.02), with carriers of both DIO2 A92 and PPARγ2 A12 variants showing the worst phenotype. This latter interaction was also shown by multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis (p = 0.0045). A peroxisome proliferator response element in the DIO2 promoter was identified by in silico analysis and confirmed by in vitro gel shift mobility assay, thus providing a biological plausibility for the observed gene‐gene interaction. If confirmed in other populations, comprising several thousand individuals, these data may help identify individuals at risk for insulin resistance‐related abnormalities.
Overweight in Swiss Children and Associations With Children's and Parents’ Characteristics
Authors: Lasserre Aurélie M. , Chiolero Arnaud , Cachat François , Paccaud Fred , Bovet Pascal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity in children in a canton of Switzerland and the association with various characteristics of the parents and the children.Research Methods and Procedures: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted in all children of the sixth school grade of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Weight and height were measured, and selected lifestyle variables were assessed with a self‐administered semiquantitative questionnaire. Information on children's parents was gathered through a mailed structured questionnaire. Overweight and obesity were based on the International Obesity Task Force criteria.Results: Of 6873 eligible children, 5207 (76%) participated (2621 boys, 2586 girls; mean age, 12.3 years; standard deviation, 0.5 year). The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 15.0% (95% confidence interval, 13.7% to 16.4%) in boys and 12.4% (11.1% to 13.7%) in girls, and the prevalence of obesity was 1.8% (1.3% to 2.3%) and 1.7% (1.2% to 2.2%), respectively. In both univariate and multivariate analyses, overweight was strongly associated with high television viewing time and selected characteristics of the parents (overweight, low educational level, and foreign nationality).Discussion: The prevalence of pediatric overweight and obesity was lower in this region of Switzerland than in several European countries. The correlates of overweight found in this region suggest areas for potential interventions.