bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further observations on the treatment of lupus nephritis with prednisone and combined prednisone and azathioprine
Authors: Donadio James V. , Holley Keith E. , Wagoner Richard D. , Ferguson Richard H. , McDuffie Frederic C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn extending an initial 6‐month study to 3 years, treatment of patients with lupus nephritis by a combination of prednisone and azathioprine did not control the systemic or renal manifestations any better than did treatment with prednisone alone. There were no differences in major renal disease flares between the two treatment groups. The incidence and duration of systemic, nonrenal flares were greater in the combined treatment group but did not increase after treatment with azathioprine was discontinued.
Prophylactic colchicine therapy of intercritical gout. A placebo‐controlled study of probenecid‐treated patients
Authors: Paulus Harold E. , Schlosstein Lee H. , Godfrey Robert G. , Klinenberg James R. , Bluestone Rodney 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe serum urate‐lowering effect of probenecid was used to monitor compliance in a placebo‐controlled study of prophylactic colchicine therapy for intercritical gout. Although all patients included in the analysis had satisfactory control of hyperuricemia, 20 patients receiving 1.5 mg of colchicine daily averaged 2.3 attacks of acute gout per year of therapy, compared to 18 placebo‐treated patients who averaged 6 attacks per year (P < 0.05), confirming the effectiveness of prophylactic colchicine in this situation.
The articular cartilage in familial chondrocalcinosis. Light and electron microscopic study
Authors: Reginato Antonio J. , Schumacher H. Ralph , Martinez Virginia A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCartilage has been studied from 12 patients with different degrees of chondrocalcinosis. Degenerative changes and patches of decreased saphranin 0 staining were present even in areas without calcium deposits. Alkaline phosphatase was identified only in the basal layer and was slightly decreased. By electron microscopy mildly involved cartilage showed small diameter isolated crystals lying in a finely granular material. Similar granular material, staining dark with ruthenium red, was present around the crystalline deposits of the knee menisci. No intracellular crystals were seen and no relationship between crystals and the matrix vesicles was observed. This study suggests that the inital deposition of calcium pyrophosphate crystals is in the interstitium of the cartilage. The smallest deposits lie in a yet unidentified dense material that may be glycosaminoglycan.
Septic arthritis due to nonencapsulated cryptococcus neoformans with coexisting sarcoidosis
Authors: Levinson D. J. , Silcox D. C. , Rippon J. W. , Thomsen S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA patient with septic arthritis of the knee due to a nonencapsulated strain of Cryptococcus neoformans neoformans is reported. Predisposing factors included repeated trauma and sarcoidosis. Serologic tests and pathologic examination were consistent with the mutant strains recovered from infected tissue. The organism was eradicated by combined synovectomy and chemotherapy with amphotericin B and 5‐fluorocytosine. The significance of capsular material is discussed. To our knowledge this is the first reported example of human infection caused by a nonencapsulated C neoformans.
Nature of cold‐reactive antibodies to lymphocyte surface determinants in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Winfield John B. , Winchester Robert J. , Wernet Peter , Fu Shu Man , Kunkel Henry G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntilymphocyte antibodies in serum from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), as detected by microcytotoxicity and indirect immunofluorescence, were predominantly cold reactive and of the IgM class. These IgM antibodies were most active at 4°C. IgG antibodies were infrequent, and were only minimally lymphocytotoxic. Most sera were cytotoxic for autologous lymphocytes and were equally reactive with normal and SLE lymphocytes, as well as with B‐ and T‐cell preparations. Separate T‐ and B‐cell specificities, which appeared not to be related to HL‐A determinants, were identified by differential absorption experiments. The functional significance of these antilymphocyte antibodies is discussed.
Azathioprine in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hunter Thomas , Urowitz Murray B. , Gordon Duncan A. , Smythe Hugh A. , Ogryzlo Metro A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1973 we reported the beneficial effects of azathioprine in a double blind, cross‐over study in 17 patients with classic rheumatoid arthritis. During subsequent follow‐up over a mean period of 40 months, 4 patients had discontinued therapy because of poor therapeutic response and 1 because of nausea. Eleven of the 12 patients still taking azathioprine had maintained their initial beneficial response or showed further improvement. Adverse side effects during the follow‐up period were minor. They included nausea in 1 patient and leukopenia with thrombocytopenia in another. An increased incidence of chromosomal abormalities was detected in those patients still receiving azathioprine.
Long‐term maintenance therapy with azathioprine in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Ginzler Ellen , Sharon Ezra , Diamond Herbert , Kaplan David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOne hundred ten patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were classified into two groups, patients with central nervous system (CNS) or severe renal disease (usually associated with a poor prognosis) and patients without these manifestations, to define criteria for azathioprine therapy. Fifty‐four of 68 patients with a poor prognosis received azathioprine. Azathioprine‐treated patients showed improved longterm survival (72% vs 29%, P <.005) and fewer hospitalizations (0.24/patient‐years vs 0.89/patient‐years, P <.d001). Azathioprine therapy in 19 of 42 patients with a good prognosis was associated with fewer hospitalizations (.02/patient‐years vs.17/patient‐years, P <.05), but no decrease in maintenance prednisone requirement. Progression from a good to a poor prognosis was less frequent (1 of 20 vs 11 of 34, P <.05) among azathioprine‐treated patients. Toxicity of azathioprine was minimal. Azathioprine therapy is indicated in patients with CNS or severe renal disease, and in patients whose prognosis was good with frequent hospitalizations or a maintenance prednisone requirement greater than 15 mg/day.
Immunoglobulin deposits in skin in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Wierzchowiecki M. O. , Quismorio F. P. , Friou G. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulin deposits in the dermal‐epidermal junction of clinically normal skin from patients with SLE were eluted by acid buffer. The eluates contained antinuclear and antibasement membrane antibody activities. The anti‐BM antibody reacted with skin and esophageal but not glomerular basement membrane. Enzymatic studies indicated that the antibody reacted with carbohydrate moeities in the basement membrane. The anti‐BM antibody was not present in corresponding sera of SLE patients.
Monozygotic twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Yocum Michael W. , Grossman Jay , Waterhouse Christine , Abraham George N. , May‐June Allyn G. , Condemi John J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pair of monozygotic twins discordant for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied and no differences noted in their immune response to tetanus toxoid, keyhole lympet hemocyanin, DNCB, delayed sensitivity, or antibody titers to viruses. Both were noted to have biologically false positive serology at an early age, but only one twin developed SLE. The clinically unaffected twin underwent castration at an early age, suggesting that ovarian hormones May‐June play an important role in the development of SLE.
Cell‐mediated immunity in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Lockshin M. D. , Eisenhauer A. C. , Kohn R. , Weksler M. , Block S. , Mushlin S. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLymphocyte responses to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen were tested in normal patients and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), scleroderma (PSS), other connective tissue disease, and other illnesses. The relationship of lymphocyte response to diagnosis, therapy, and T‐ and B‐lymphocyte populations was analyzed. Additional studies included the determination of proliferative responses of various combinations of purified T and B lymphocytes cultured with plant mitogens. Lymphocytes from patients with RA and SLE incorporated significantly less thymidine in the presence of plant mitogens as compared to normal and comparably ill subjects. Treatment had no effect on mitogen response. Responses to all three mitogens correlated closely in patients with RA, SLE, or PSS; no correlation was noted between the response to mitogen of lymphocytes in culture and the number of T cell ultured.
Connective tissue response to immobility
Authors: Woo Savio L‐Y , Matthews John V. , Akeson Wayne H. , Amiel David , Richard Convery F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe biomechanical changes in rabbit knee confracture were measured after 9 weeks of immobilization. These results were correlated with the biochemical composition of periarticular connective knee tissue of the same knees. The loss of total hexosamine correlates significantly with joint stiffness on an animal‐to‐animal basis. Total hexosamine also correlates with the energy required cyclicly to flex and to extend the experimental joints. Of the individual glycosaminoglycan fractions, only hyaluronic acid showed significant correlation with the biomechanical data. The possible mechanism of contracture formation was postulated based on these results.
Depressed synovial fluid levels of properdin and properdin factor b in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Ruddy Shaun , Fearon Douglas T. , Austen K. Frank 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo proteins in the properdin system, properdin and factor B, and complement components C4 and C3 were measured by radial immunodiffusion in serums and synovial fluids from 21 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and positive tests for rheumatoid factor, 9 patients with seronegative RA, and 10 with degenerative joint disease. In addition to depressions of synovial fluid C4 which correlated with lowered C3 in seropositive RA, consistent with activation of the classic pathway, low synovial fluid levels of factor B and properdin in seropositive RA indicate intraarticular activation of the properdin pathway as well.
Antibody levels to parainfluenza, rubella, measles, and influenza a virus in children with polymyositis
Authors: Koch Milton , Brody Jacob A. , Nemo George J. , Sever John L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe CF and HI antibody titers to rubella and measles viruses, the CF titers to influenza A, and the HI titers to parainfluenza 1, 2, and 3 were carried out on the sera of 20 patients with childhood polymyositis and their matched controls. The titers for measles, parainfluenza 1, and influenza A were slightly higher for patients than for controls. The control group had antibody titers to rubella and parainfluenza 2 and 3 higher than or similar to those of patients. Strong patterns or significant differences for a given virus or virus group were not encountered.
Aseptic meningitis in systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Canoso Juan J. , Cohen Alan S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree patients with aseptic meningitis were subsequently diagnosed as having lupus erythematosus. One patient had a single meningitic episode, another had chronic meningitis, and the third two acute episodes 5 years apart. All 3 patients developed further neuropsychiatric manifestations of SLE, leading to death in 1. Aseptic meningitis appears to be an early manifestation of SLE and may herald more serious brain damage. No new cases of aseptic meningitis occurred in this series after initiation of therapy for SLE. In contrast, bacterial meningitis did occur as a late complication of the disease.
Freeze‐etch study of collagen
Authors: Belton John C. , Michaeli Dov , Fudenberg H. Hugh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe freeze‐fracture technique was used to study the fine structure of native collagen from rat tendon and lung. The collagen filaments were organized into a spiraled lamellar substructure within each fibril. Small particles, representing the broken ends of the collagen filaments, were found in nearly straight rows when the lamellae were broken tranversely. Filamentous connections were shown which span the interfibrillar matrix and unite all of the fibrils into a reticular network. The fibrils were coated with material that was greatly hydrated in vivo. Sublimation occurred more rapidly from some portions of the coating substance than from others, resulting in a banding pattern with a 610 Å repeat distance.
Changes in the lipids of human articular cartilage with age
Authors: Bonner Walter M. , Jonsson Haldor , Malanos Cynthia , Bryant Max 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHistochemical and chemical studies demonstrated a significant increase in the lipids of articular cartilage with advancing age. Triglycerides, cholesterol, and phospholipids were identified chemically and were shown by comparative staining procedures to be present in intracellular and extracellular lipids. The distribution and the composition of the extracellular lipids were interpreted as indicating that the extracellular lipids are of cellular origin. Glycolipids were extracted from cartilage of all ages and were shown to account for a portion of the increase in total lipid with age. Glycolipids extracted from aged cartilage were partially characterized. Cerebrosides, sulfatides, and gangliosides were detected. Glycolipids were estimated to comprise from 5 to 10% of the total lipid of articular cartilage. Arachidonic acid concentrations increased markedly with age in the surface of cartilage but were present in trace amounts in deep cartilage, demonstrating clear‐cut differences in the levels as well as the location of this fatty acid precursor of the prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2α).
Mechanism of action of colchicine
Authors: Chang Yi‐Han 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColchicine suppresses the development of carrageenan‐induced edema in the rat with a minimum effective oral dose of 6.0 mg/kg. The slope of the dose‐response regression line for colchicine differs significantly from that of indomethacin and phenylbutazone. Based on the dosages required to achieve a 50% suppression of this inflammation, colchicine is 0.6 and 1.5 times as potent as indomethacin and phenylbutazone, respectively. In the reversed passive Arthus reaction in the rat, the suppressive activity of colchicine is at least 50 times that of indomethacin and 100 times that of phenylbutazone. The possible significance of these results with regard to the unique effectiveness of colchicine in the treatment of gout is discussed.
Wegener' granulomatosis
Authors: Reza Michael J. , Dornfeld Leslie , Goldberg Leonard S. , Bluestone Rodney , Pearson Carl M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTen patients with Wegener' granulomatosis were treated with cyclophosphamide and followed for periods up to 7 years. In all cases cyclophosphamide induced complete remissions. The mean duration of remission (to date) was 38 months. Six patients have been in remission for a mean of 46 months after cyclophosphamide was discontinued; 2 have been disease‐free for 7 years. Of the 10 patients treated, only 1 relapsed and she responded to a second course of cyclophosphamide. These results indicate that cyclophosphamide is the drug of choice in Wegener' granulomatosis. The long‐term effectiveness of this drug suggests that it may induce permanent remissions in certain patients with Wegener' granulomatosis.
Antibodies to dna in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Bell Carolyn , Talal Norman , Schur Peter H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntibodies to double‐stranded DNA (DSDNA) were found in 18 patients with RA, in 5 patients with JRA, and in 5 patients with undiagnosed connective tissue disease. Five patients had clinical features consistent with both RA and SLE, 11 with only RA, and 5 with only JRA. Based on these observations, the presence of serum anti‐DSDNA antibodies should not be used as a sole criterion in the diagnosis of SLE.
Relapsing polychondritis
Authors: Shaul Stephen R. , Schumacher H. Ralph 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLight microscopic and for the first time electron microscopic (EM) studies of involved elastic ear cartilage in a patient with relapsing polychondritis confirm the superficial location of the inflammatory reaction. EM studies of deep cartilage were identical to those on controls except for a rare necrotic cell. Superficial cartilage showed a finely granular electron‐dense material. This material, which may be protein, possibly of enzyme or immunoglobulin origin, also surrounded some elastic fibrils. Findings of predominantly superficial changes and the multisystem disease in the present patient and in many others suggest that the cartilage destruction is part of a systemic inflammatory disease.
Electron microscopic observations of immunoreactive cells in the rheumatoid synovial membrane
Authors: Ishikawa Hitoshi , Ziff Morris 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe perivascular infiltrates of the rheumatoid synovium were examined in the electron microscope. Lymphocyte‐rich, plasma cell‐rich, and transitional areas were observed. The transitional areas contained lymphocytes, plasma cells, blast cells, macrophages, and fibroblasts. Although lymphoblasts were frequent, the blast cells were predominantly plasmablasts. Marked degeneration of fibroblasts in the vicinity of lymphoblasts suggested the liberation of a lymphotoxin by the lymphoblasts. There was close contact between blast cells and macrophages and between macrophages and lymphocytes. The close association of lymphoblasts, plasmablasts, and macrophages in the transitional areas suggests that these are sites of T‐ and B‐cell interaction in the rheumatoid synovial immune response.
Experimental hemarthrosis in the knee of the mature canine
Authors: Convery F. Richard , Woo Savio L‐Y , Akeson Wayne H. , Amiel David , Malcom Lawrence L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe knee joints of 14 skeletally mature mongrel dogs were subjected to a continuous hemarthrosis. Minimal morphologic changes of the articular cartilage did not occur until after 16 weeks. As early as 4 weeks, biochemical analyses showed a significant decrease in glycosaminoglycans (GAG) that became progressively more severe with time, whereas total collagen was not significantly altered until after 12 and 16 weeks. Bioengineering measurements of the experimental cartilage surfaces showed that the tissue becomes more deformable as well as less resistive to shear than the control at 8 weeks. These differences increased as the duration of hemarthrosis increased.
Absent factor II in systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunologic studies and response to corticosteroid therapy
Authors: Natelson Ethan A. , Cyprus Gerald S. , Hettig Robert A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis report describes a patient with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who evidenced severe bleeding consequent to a profound and isolated reduction in plasma factor II (prothrombin) activity. Absence of the factor is documented by immunologic means and its return after corticosteroid therapy is demonstrated. The authors recommend inclusion of this acquired coagulopathy among other more traditional diagnostic manifestations of SLE.
Dermatoglyphic study of systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Dubois Robert W. , Weiner John M. , Dubois Edmund L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDermatoglyphic patterns were analyzed from two races of patients with SLE: a Mexican‐American series of 27 females with SLE and 28 matched controls, and a Caucasian series of 28 females with SLE and 26 matched controls. Eighty‐five measurements and 23 indices were analyzed. From these data, eleven parameters were statistically significant, four separating the Mexican‐American SLE group from their controls and seven separating the Caucasian SLE group from their controls (P values < 0.002 to < 0.05). Only two parameters were significantly different between the two normal series, but nine parameters differentiated the Mexican‐American SLE from the Caucasian SLE groups. A multiple linear discriminant function was computed using the most significant parameters. A misclassification rate of 25–30% was observed between patients and matched controls. Dermatoglyphic patterns have been shown to be genetically controlled. These data suggest a genetic abnormality associated with SLE.
Hemarthrosis associated with sodium warfarin therapy
Authors: Wild James H. , Zvaifler Nathan J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree patients with hemarthrosis of the knee joint complicating sodium warfarin oral anticoagulation therapy are described. In all 3 the prothrombin time was at least 2.4 times the control value at the time of hemarthrosis. After initial bleeding was controlled, 2 patients had recurrences at times when their prothrombin times were again more than 2.5 times greater than those of the normal control subject. Joint symptoms persisted in all patients until the warfarin dose was substantially decreased or discontinued. Underlying joint disease was present in 1 individual and may have predisposed him to the occurrence of hemarthrosis. No long‐term joint damage was recognized as resulting from the hemarthrosis at followup 1 to 2 years later. The authors conclude that hemarthrosis associated with oral anticoagulant therapy occurs when the prothrombin time is excessively prolonged and may remain symptomatic until anticoagulation is reduced or discontinued. Management includes careful diagnostic aspiration, despite the prolonged prothrombin time, and discontinuation of anticoagulation.
Perforation of nasal septum in rheumatic diseases
Authors: Willkens Robert F. , Roth Gilbert J. , Novak Alvin , Walike Joseph W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPerforation of the nasal septum was noted in 12 patients with rheumatic disease, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS), and mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD). Biopsies were taken from the rim of the perforation in 7 of the 12 and revealed no vasculitis, immunoglobulin deposition, or consistent abnormality. Nasal septal perforation is an occassional finding in rheumatic disease and the cause is unknown.
Esophageal varices in felty's syndrome. A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Klofkorn Raymond W. , Steigerwald James C. , Mills David M. , Smyth Charley J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA case of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage secondary to esophageal varices in a patient with Felty's syndrome prompted a review of the pathogenesis and treatment of this condition. Six previously reported cases of this association were found. The clinical picture is that of long‐standing rheumatoid arthritis with severe articular and extraarticular manifestations including splenomegaly, depression of the blood elements, mild liver function abnormalities, portal hypertension without cirrhosis or portal vein obstruction, an elevated splenic blood flow, and a reduction in portal hypertension by simple splenectomy. The presence of portal hypertension with varices may be another indication for splenectomy in patients with Felty's syndrome.