bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of coenzyme Q10 as an antioxidant in β‐thalassemia/Hb E patients
Authors: Kalpravidh Ruchaneekorn W. , Wichit Angkana , Siritanaratkul Noppadol , Fucharoen Suthat 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThalassemia is a group of genetic disorders resulting from different mutations in the globin gene complex and leading to an imbalance in globin synthesis. Unmatched globin chains are less stable and susceptible to oxidation. Patients with β‐thalassemia/HbE are prone to increased oxidative stress as indicated by increased lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde (MDA), partly because of the presence of iron in the form of heme and hemichromes released from excess globin chains and excess iron deposition in various tissues. The level of antioxidant such as glutathione is markedly decreased while activities of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px) are increased. We have recently found that the levels of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) are also very low in thalassemia. We therefore evaluated the oxidative stress and the antioxidants in these patients before and after supplementation with 100 mg CoQ10 daily for 6 months. The results showed that the plasma level of CoQ10 significantly increased and the oxidative stress decreased as the level of MDA declined. The administration of CoQ10 led to significant improvement of biochemical parameters of antioxidant enzymes. The antioxidant supplementation will be beneficial for thalassemia patients as adjunct therapy to increase their quality of life.
Coenzyme Q10 supplementation reduces corticosteroids dosage in patients with bronchial asthma
Authors: Gvozdjáková Anna , Kucharská Jarmila , Bartkovjaková MÁRia , Gazdíková KatarÍNa , Gazdík FrantiŠEk 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory system, with disturbances in the dynamic balance of oxidant‐antioxidant capacity of the lungs. Long‐term administration of corticosteroids has been shown to result in mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative damage of mitochondrial and nuclear DNAs. We previously documented decreased coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and α‐tocopherol concentrations in plasma and blood in corticosteroid‐dependent bronchial asthma patients. In the present study we demonstrate that CoQ10 supplementation reduces the dosage of corticosteroids in these patients.Patients and methods: This was an open, cross‐over, randomized clinical study with 41 bronchial asthma patients (13 males, 28 females), ages 25–50 years. All patients suffered from persistent mild to moderate asthma. The patients were divided into two groups, one group receiving standard antiasthmatic therapy and clinically stabilized, and the second group receiving, in addition, antioxidants consisting of CoQ10 as Q‐Gel® (120 mg) + 400 mg α‐tocopherol + 250 mg vitamin C a day. The groups were crossed over at 16 weeks for a total duration of 32 weeks.Results and conclusions: Data show that patients with corticosteroid‐dependent bronchial asthma have low plasma CoQ10 concentrations that may contribute to their antioxidant imbalance and oxidative stress. A reduction in the dosage of corticosteroids required by the patients following antioxidant supplementation was observed, indicating lower incidence of potential adverse effects of the drugs, decreased oxidative stress. This study also demonstrates the significant uptake of CoQ10 by lung tissue in a rat model using hydrosoluble CoQ10 (Q‐Gel®).
Dynamics of lipid oxidation and antioxidant depletion in Mediterranean fish stored at different temperatures
Authors: Passi S. , Cataudella S. , Tiano L. , Littarru G.P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNumerous changes occur post‐mortem in fish, affecting its chemical composition and nutritional quality. In the present paper we describe the effect of storage on ice or at −30°C or −80°C on 10 species of Mediterranean fish. Water and lipid soluble antioxidants, lipid pattern and products of oxidative attack on lipids, proteins and DNA were quantified for 7 consecutive days on homogenates of fish light muscle. The earliest events were oxidation of ubiquinol and vitamin C, which disappeared almost completely within 48 hours. Ubiquinol oxidation gave rise to an initial increase of ubiquinone, which peaked at the second day: thereafter ubiquinone itslef decreased, more rapidly and to a greater extent than vitamin E. The decrease in antioxidants was accompanied by significant oxidative damage to lipids, proteins and DNA. TBARS significantly increased beginning from the third day of storage in all species and were linked to a significant reduction in the n‐3 PUFA of triglycerides (TG) and phospholipid fractions (PL). A remarkable elevation of protein carbonyls and 8OHdG occurred approximately 24 hours later than PUFA oxidation. For SOD, GPX and GSH significant depletions occurred for all species only at 6th or 7th day, but the final values were always higher than 50% compared to the initial ones.Deep‐freezing of the same species at −30°C and −80°C for up to 12 months did not significantly affect the levels of enzymatic antioxidants, the redox couple GSH/GS‐SG, n‐3 and n‐6 PUFA of TG and PL fractions of the light muscle.The only antioxidants, which at −30°C and −80°C appeared to be degraded after 6 and 12 months were ubiquinol and vitamin C. As expected their degradation was higher at −30°C than at −80°C. In fact the average decrease for ubiquinol at −80°C was 42% at 6 and 12 months respectively, whereas at −30°C the decrease was 61% and 87% For vitamin C the average decrease at −80°C was 36% and 67% at 6 and 12 months respectively, and at −30°C it was 61% and 82%.Vitamin E was considerably more stable than ubiquinol and vitamin C. The relative stability of the antioxidants, with the exceptions of ubiquionols, vitamin C and, to a certain extent, vitamin E, was accompanied by a very limited increase in oxidation products.In addition no significant hydrolysis of TG and PL fractions were observed throughout the storage time.The dynamics of lipid, protein and DNA oxidation is discussed in the light of depletion of the various antioxidant systems.
CoQ9 potentiates green tea antioxidant activities in Wistar rats
Authors: Afzal M. , Safer A. Majeed , Al‐Bloushi Shaima 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGreen tea (Camellia sinensis), and CoQ9 when given to Wistar rats produced a partial reversal on reserpine induced oxidative stress and liver damage. Green tea, with its abundant polyphenol (‐)Epigallocatechin 3‐gallate (ECGC) and other catechins, is known for its antioxidative characteristics influencing lipid metabolism. Ubiquinone, abundant in heart muscle, is also a potent antioxidant with known effects in numerous pathologies. However the combined effect of ECGC and ubiquninone has not been reported. In the present study we found that green tea extract, when given in combination with CoQ9 to Wistar rats subjected to oxidative stress, showed a statistically significant antioxidative effect. Liver cholesterol level in rats receiving combination treatment was also significantly lower than control or rats receiving green tea extract alone. Reserpine induced liver damage in Wister rats was also partially reversed by a treatment of green tea extract when combined with CoQ9. These results may have important clinical implications and may be extrapolated for the treatment of patients suffering from liver damage due to hepatitis B/C or liver cirrhosis.
6‐Gingerol prevents cisplatin‐induced acute renal failure in rats
Authors: Kuhad Anurag , Tirkey Naveen , Pilkhwal Sangeeta , Chopra Kanwaljit 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground: Nephrotoxicity is a major complication and a dose limiting factor for cisplatin therapy. Recent evidence suggests that enhanced oxidative stress caused by oxygen‐centered free radicals may contribute to the pathogenesis of cisplatin‐induced acute renal failure. 6‐Gingerol is claimed to be a potent antioxidant. The present study was performed to explore the renoprotective potential of 6‐gingerol on cisplatin‐induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction.Methods: 6‐Gingerol in dosages of 12.5, 25, 50 mg/kg was administered 2 days before and 3 days after cisplatin administration. Renal injury was assessed by measuring serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, urea clearance and serum nitrite levels. Renal oxidative stress was assessed by determining renal malondialdehyde levels, reduced glutathione levels and enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase.Results: A single dose of cisplatin resulted in marked renal oxidative and nitrosative stress and significantly deranged renal functions. 6‐Gingerol treatment significantly and dose‐dependently restored renal functions, reduced lipid peroxidation and enhanced the levels of reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase.Conclusions: The present study demonstrates the renoprotective potential of 6‐gingerol against cisplatin‐induced oxidative stress and renal dysfunction in rats. Hence, 6‐gingerol has a potential to be used as therapeutic adjuvant in cisplatin nephrotoxicity.
Relaxation and immunity enhancement effects of γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) administration in humans
Authors: Abdou Adham M. , Higashiguchi S. , Horie K. , Kim Mujo , Hatta H. , Yokogoshi H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe effect of orally administrated γ‐Aminobutyric acid (GABA) on relaxation and immunity during stress has been investigated in humans. Two studies were conducted. The first evaluated the effect of GABA intake by 13 subjects on their brain waves. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were obtained after 3 tests on each volunteer as follows: intake only water, GABA, or L‐theanine. After 60 minutes of administration, GABA significantly increases alpha waves and decreases beta waves compared to water or L‐theanine. These findings denote that GABA not only induces relaxation but also reduces anxiety. The second study was conducted to see the role of relaxant and anxiolytic effects of GABA intake on immunity in stressed volunteers. Eight acrophobic subjects were divided into 2 groups (placebo and GABA). All subjects were crossing a suspended bridge as a stressful stimulus. Immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels in their saliva were monitored during bridge crossing. Placebo group showed marked decrease of their IgA levels, while GABA group showed significantly higher levels. In conclusion, GABA could work effectively as a natural relaxant and its effects could be seen within 1 hour of its administration to induce relaxation and diminish anxiety. Moreover, GABA administration could enhance immunity under stress conditions.
Antioxidative effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts in liver of diabetic mice
Authors: Kim Sung Hee , Hyun Sun Hee , Choung Se Young 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBoth Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts are used as anti‐diabetic folk medicines. Recently, increased oxidative stress was shown to play an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications. This study was designed to examine the effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts on blood glucose, lipid peroxidation, the level of reduced glutathione and its related enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione S‐transferase), and the activity of the antioxidant enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) in the liver of db/db mice.Diabetic C57BL/Ks db/db mice were used as experimental models. Mice were divided into control (n =10), Cinnamomi cassiae (200 mg/kg/day, n = 10), and Rhodiola rosea (200 mg/kg/day, n =10) treated groups for 12 weeks of treatment. These type II diabetic mice were used to investigate the effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea on blood glucose, reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione peroxidase, lipid peroxidation, catalase and superoxide dismutase.Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts significantly decreased on blood glucose, increased levels of reduced glutathione and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione S‐transferase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase in the liver. Extract treatment also significantly decreased lipid peroxidation.Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts may be effective for correcting hyperglycemia and preventing diabetic complications.
Schisandrin B‐induced increase in cellular glutathione level and protection against oxidant injury are mediated by the enhancement of glutathione synthesis and regeneration in AML12 and H9c2 cells
Authors: Chiu Po Yee , Ko Kam Ming 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAbstract. To define the relative role of reduced glutathione (GSH) synthesis and regeneration in schisandrin B (Sch B)‐induced increase in cellular GSH level and the associated cytoprotection against oxidative challenge, the effects of L‐buthionine‐[S,R]‐sulfoximine (BSO, a specific inhibitor of γ ‐glutamate cysteine ligase (GCL)) and 1,3‐bis(2‐chloroethyl)‐1‐nitrourea (BCNU, a specific inhibitor of glutathione reductase (GR)) treatments or their combined treatment were examined in control and Sch B‐treated AML12 and H9c2 cells, without and/or with menadione intoxication. Both BSO and BCNU treatments reduced cellular GSH level in AML12 and H9c2 cells, with the effect of BSO being more prominent. The GSH‐enhancing effect of Sch B was also suppressed by BSO and BCNU treatments, with the effect of the combined treatment with BSO and BCNU being semi‐additive. While Sch B treatment increased the GR but not GCL activity in AML12 and H9c2 cells, it increased the cellular cysteine level. BSO treatment also suppressed the Sch B‐induced increase in GR activity. BSO or BCNU treatment per se did not cause any detectable cytotoxic effect, as assessed by lactate dehydrogenase leakage, but the combined treatment with BSO and BCNU was cytotoxic, particularly in H9c2 cells. The cytotoxic effect of BSO and BCNU became more apparent following the menadione challenge. The cytoprotection afforded by Sch B pretreatment was partly suppressed by BSO or BCNU treatment, or completely abrogated by the combined treatment with BSO and BCNU. In conclusion, the results indicate that the cytoprotective action of Sch B is causally related to the increase in cellular GSH level, which is likely mediated by the enhancement of GSH synthesis and regeneration.
Antioxidant and antigenotoxic activities of Angelica keiskei, Oenanthe javanica and Brassica oleracea in the Salmonella mutagenicity assay and in HCT116 human colon cancer cells
Authors: Kwon Daejoong , Yoon Sun , Carter Orianna , Bailey George S. , Dashwood Roderick H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEpidemiological studies indicate that consumption of green‐yellow vegetables rich in chlorophyll, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carotenoids reduce the risk of cancer. We sought to examine the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of chlorophyll‐rich methanol extracts of Angelica keiskei, Oenanthe javanica, and Brassica oleracea (kale). In the Salmonella mutagenicity assay, A. keiskei caused dose‐dependent inhibition against three heterocyclic amine mutagens in the presence of S9, O. javanica was antimutagenic only at the highest concentration in the assay (2 mg/plate), and B. oleracea showed no consistent inhibitory activity at non‐toxic levels. None of the extracts were effective against three direct‐acting mutagens in the absence of S9. Extracts of A. keiskei and, to a lesser extent O. javanica, inhibited two of the major enzymes that play a role in the metabolic activation of heterocyclic amines, based on ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase and methoxyresorufin‐O‐demethylase assays in vitro. All three plant extracts were highly effective in assays which measured ferric reducing/antioxidant power, oxygen radical absorbance capacity, and Fe2+/H2O2‐mediated DNA nicking. Finally, using the ‘comet’ assay, all three plant extracts protected against H2O2‐induced genotoxic damage in human HCT116 colon cancer cells. These findings provide support for the antigenotoxic and antioxidant properties of chlorophyll‐rich extracts of A. keiskei, O. javanica, and B. oleracea, through mechanisms that include inhibition of carcinogen activation and scavenging of reactive oxygen species.
The isoflavonoid aglycone‐rich fractions of Chungkookjang, fermented unsalted soybeans, enhance insulin signaling and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ activity in vitro
Authors: Kwon Dae Young , Jang Jin Sun , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Yong‐Suk , Shin Dong‐Hwa , Park Sunmin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated anti‐diabetic candidates and their mechanisms from the fractions of Chungkookjang (CKJ), a traditional fermented unsalted soybean, by investigating insulin signaling, peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ activity and glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion, in vitro. Cooked soybeans (CSB) and CKJ, fermented predominantly with Bacillus subtilis, were extracted by 70% EtOH followed by an XAD‐4 column chromatography with a serial mixture of solvents comprised of MeOH and water. During fermentation, the contents of isoflavonoid aglycones were elevated, and the fractions enriched with aglycones enhanced insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. This increase in glucose uptake resulted from stimulating a translocation of the glucose transporter (GLUT)‐4 into the plasma membrane through the phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)‐1 and Akt. Especially, daidzein enriched fractions elevated insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake by acting as PPAR‐γ agonist up to levels exhibited when 10 nM insulin is administered. Fractions containing small peptides with low polarity in CKJ slightly increased glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion. The data suggest that an increase in isoflavonoid aglycones in CKJ, in comparison to CSB, enhances glucose utilization via activating insulin signaling and stimulates PPAR‐γ activity in adipocytes. In addition, CKJ contains small peptides improving glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion in insulinoma cells. Overall, CKJ is superior to CSB in anti‐diabetic action.
Regulation of Mg2+‐independent Ca2+‐ATPase by a low molecular mass protein purified from bovine brain
Authors: Ghoshal Srabasti , Sengupta Tanusree , Sen Parimal C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe goat sperm microsomal membranes have been found to contain an Mg2+‐independent Ca2+‐ATPase, a low affinity but highly active enzyme sharing similarities with the SERCA family of ATPases. The present study reports the identification and characterization of a 14 kilodalton cytosolic protein from bovine brain which can act as an endogenous stimulator of the enzyme with an S50 (concentration producing 50% stimulation) of 0.8 μ molar. Kinetic analysis suggests that the stimulation is noncompetitive with respect to the substrate, and the binding site(s) of the stimulator and substrate are distinct. Binding of the stimulator to the enzyme is reversible. The stimulator increases the affinity of the enzyme for calcium as evident from a decrease in K0.5 of the enzyme for calcium in presence of the stimulator. Radioactive labeling of the enzyme with [γ;‐32P]‐ATP suggests that the stimulator enhances the rate of dephosphorylation of the phosphoenzyme intermediate without altering the phosphorylation reaction step. The stimulatory effect of the protein has been observed only for the Mg2+‐independent form of the enzyme, the Mg2+‐dependent form being unaffected.
Activation of redox‐systems of monocytes by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Krjukov Alexei A. , Semenkova Galina N. , Cherenkevich Sergei N. , Gerein Valentin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this work the influence of H2O2 on the ability of human blood monocytes to generate ROS upon stimulation of cells by adhesion to glass surface and fMLP was studied using the luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence (LDCL) method. Pretreatment of cells with H2O2 increased the adhesiveness of monocytes and ROS generation. Superoxide generation by cells in response to fMLP depended on the duration of pretreatment and the concentration of H2O2. The stimulatory effect on fMLP‐induced LDCL of cells further depended on the Ca2+ concentration in the medium and on the activities of phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenases, and Mek1/2.
High Resolution 1H NMR investigations of the oxidative consumption of salivary biomolecules by ozone: Relevance to the therapeutic applications of this agent in clinical dentistry
Authors: Grootveld Martin , Silwood Christopher J.L. , Lynch Edward 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHigh resolution proton (1H ) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was employed to simultaneously evaluate the oxidising actions of ozone (O3) towards a wide range of salivary biomolecules in view of its applications in dental practices, which may serve as a viable and convenient means for the treatment of dental caries. Treatment of supernatants derived from unstimulated human saliva specimens (n=12) with O3 (4.48 mmol) revealed that this reactive oxygen species gave rise to the oxidative consumption of pyruvate (generating acetate and CO2 as products), lactate (to pyruvate and sequentially acetate and CO2), carbohydrates in general (a process generating formate), methionine (giving rise to its corresponding sulphoxide), and urate (to allantoin). Further, minor O3‐induced modifications included the oxidation of trimethylamine and 3‐D‐hydroxybutyrate, the fragmentation of salivary glycosaminoglycans to NMR‐detectable saccharide fragments, and the conversion of polyunsaturated fatty acids to their ozonides. Moreover, evidence for the ability of O3 to induce the release of selected low‐molecular‐mass salivary biomolecules from macromolecular binding‐sites was also obtained. Since many of the oxidation products detectable in O3‐treated samples are identical to those arising from the attack of •OH radical on biofluid components, it appears that at least some of the modifications observed here are attributable to the latter oxidant (derived from O generated from the single electron reduction of O3).
Anti‐mitotic properties of resveratrol analog (Z)‐3,5,4′‐trimethoxystilbene
Authors: Chabert Philippe , Fougerousse André , Brouillard Raymond 
Published: December 2008

Abstract(Z)‐3,5,4′‐Trimethoxystilbene is a natural polyphenol present in five different plants, Virola cuspidata, Virola elongata, Centipeda minima, Schoenus nigricans and Rheum undulatum. This molecule was prepared in a three‐step sequence in good overall yield. The isomerisation from the (E)‐ to (Z)‐isomer is performed using UV irradiation. Biological investigations were conducted on a human colon cancer cell line (Caco‐2) with anti‐mitotic activities. Growth was completely arrested at an added 0.4 μM level of (Z)‐3,5,4′‐trimethoxystilbene. This agent is 100‐fold more active than resveratrol or (E)‐3,5,4′‐trihydroxystilbene, and the mechanism of this process involves an inhibition of tubulin polymerisation in a dose dependent manner.