bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parkinsonism‐dystonia‐2: Case‐series study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: Almuqbil Mohammed A. , Tabassum Sadia , Muthaffar Osama Y. , Ghamdi Fouad , Al Masseri Zainab , Alsaman Abdulaziz , Alkhater Reem A. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractParkinsonism‐dystonia‐2 PKDYS2 is an autosomal‐recessive disorder, caused by pathogenic biallelic variants in SLC18A2 which encodes the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2) protein. PKDYS2 is a treatable neurotransmitter disease, and the rate of diagnosis of this disorder has increased significantly with the advance of genomic technologies. Our report highlights a novel pathologic variant in one case and a novel finding on MRI Brain, consisting of a normal symmetrical signal intensity in the dorsal brainstem and pons, and it substantiates the significance of genetic testing in the evaluation of children with developmental delays, which influences clinical decisions to enhance patient outcomes.
Loneliness as neurobehavioral issue in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Consonni Monica , Faltracco Veronica , Dalla Bella Eleonora , Telesca Alessandra , Bersano Enrica , Nigri Anna , Demichelis Greta , Medina Jean P. , Bruzzone Maria G. , Lauria Giuseppe 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveIn elderly people loneliness represents a risk factor for dementia and may negatively impact on mental and physical health. The specific contribute of loneliness to cognitive and behavioral functioning have not yet been determined in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Our hypothesis was that loneliness may be related to motor dysfunction with a negative impact on cognitive and behavioral decline, possibly related to specific cortical involvement.MethodsIn 200 ALS patients (ALSpts) and 50 healthy controls (HCs) we measured loneliness, mood, and quality of life (QoL). ALSpts underwent comprehensive clinical, genetic, and neuropsychological assessment to define phenotypes. Seventy‐seven ALSpts performed 3T MRI scans to measure cortical thickness. Between‐group, partial correlation and regression analyses were used to examined clinical, neuropsychological, and cortical signatures of loneliness.ResultsFeelings of loneliness were documented in 38% of ALSpts (ALS/L+pts) and in 47% of HCs. In both groups loneliness was associated with anxiety (P < 0.001), depression (P ≤ 0.005), and poor QoL (P < 0.001). ALS/L+pts had similar motor dysfunctions and cognitive abilities than non‐lonely ALSpts, but distinct behavioral profiles (P ≤ 0.005) and frontoparietal involvement (P < 0.05). Loneliness in ALS is related to behavioral changes, apathy, and emotional dysregulation (P < 0.001).InterpretationOur cross‐sectional study indicates that, in ALS, the satisfaction of social environment is associated with a sense of life well‐being that is not limited to the motor status, proving instead that loneliness can impact on disease‐related neurobehavioral changes with a possible flashback on brain architecture. This suggests that sociality could promote personal resilience against behavioral and affective decline in ALS.
Boosting Selective Na+ Migration Kinetics in Structuring Composite Polymer Electrolyte Realizes Ultrastable All‐Solid‐State Sodium Batteries
Authors: Guo Junhong , Feng Fan , Jiang Xinyi , Wang Rui , Chu Dongkun , Ren Yufeng , Chen Fangfang , He Peng , Ma Zi‐Feng , Chen Suli , Liu Tianxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractComposite polymer electrolytes demonstrate the predictable potential for achieving high‐performance all‐solid‐state sodium metal batteries (ASSMBs). However, the insufficient ionic conductivity resulting from the sluggish Na+ transport kinetics and the inferior interfacial stability caused by simultaneous Na+ and anion transport have hindered practical applications. Herein, a rational structural design strategy is proposed to construct an anion‐trapping boron‐contained covalent organic framework (B‐COF) network in the polymer matrix to facilitate selective Na+ migration and interfacial compatibility for ASSMBs. The abundant Lewis‐acid sites on the B‐COF network can promote the dissociation of sodium salt and simultaneously constrain the migration of TFSI− anions through the strong anion‐capturing effect. Moreover, the well‐defined ion‐conducting channel formed by the in situ generation of intimately packed B‐COF combined with the above synergistic effects can afford continuous and accessible pathways for selectively rapid Na+ transport, which significantly elevates the ionic conductivity and Na+ transference number, respectively. Surprisingly, the Na plating/stripping with small polarization is retained under 0.1 mA cm−2 for more than 365 d (>8800 h), representing a record‐high cycling stability for ASSMBs. As proof of applied studies, the ASSMBs exhibit a high capacity retention (≈81.2%) after 1200 cycles at 1 C, signifying promising application in all‐solid‐state electrochemical energy storage systems.
Magneto‐Responsive Bistable Structures with Rate‐Dependent Actuation Modes
Authors: Perez‐Garcia Carlos , Aranda‐Ruiz Josue , Lopez‐Donaire Maria Luisa , Zaera Ramon , Garcia‐Gonzalez Daniel 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStructural instabilities can be used to provide rapid responses activated by mechanical force or displacement thresholds. The emergence of responsive materials has opened the door for adapting such structural instabilities to actuators that will abruptly deform guided by external stimuli. However, fast configurational transitions between equilibrium states imply important viscoelastic roles at the material level that inevitably scale up to the structural level. A comprehensive understanding of viscoelastic effects is provided on bistable structural transitions combining a new experimental perspective and a thorough modeling analysis. The insights from these results are here translated to magneto‐responsive bistable structures offering a route‐map to design effective actuation conditions. The bistable transition functionally depends on the combination of magnetic field amplitude and application rate. The understanding of the viscoelastic and magneto‐mechanical coupling provides efficient actuation via temporal magnetic pulses, removing the need of generating continued magnetic fields. Finally, these insights are combined to develop a responsive structure whose transient and steady bistable transitions can be modulated by the application rate of external magnetic stimuli.
Simultaneous Regulation of Coordination Environment and Electrode Interface for Highly Stable Zinc Anode Using a Bifunctional Citrulline Additive
Authors: Chen Jingzhu , Liu Ning , Dong Wujie , Xu Yang , Cao Yuge , Zhang Shicong , Hou Jingshan , Bi Hui , Lin Tianquan , Huang Fu‐Qiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc ion batteries are promising candidates for large‐scale energy storage. Nonetheless, the stability of Zn anodes in aqueous electrolytes is compromised by dendritic growth and undesirable side reactions. In this article, citrulline (Cit), a biocompatible compound, is investigated as an electrolyte additive to achieve superior stability of Zn anodes. Experimental results and theoretical calculations demonstrate that the Cit, serving as a bifunctional additive, possesses abundant highly polar groups (─NH2 and ─COOH) that facilitate strong interactions with Zn2+ and Zn metal. This dual regulation of the Zn2+ solvation shell and the electrical double layer at the anode/electrolyte interface effectively mitigates dendrite growth and suppresses interface side reactions, resulting in exceptional stability of Zn anode. Consequently, Zn||Zn symmetric batteries incorporating the Cit additive exhibit stable operation for over 1600 h at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 1.0 mAh cm−2, and maintain stable cycling for 650 h even under demanding conditions of 10.0 mA cm−2 and 10.0 mAh cm−2, corresponding to an ultra‐high cumulative plated capacity of 3.25 Ah cm−2. Furthermore, Zn||Cu asymmetric batteries achieve a remarkable Coulombic efficiency of 99.6% at 1.0 mA cm−2 and 0.5 mAh cm−2. These advancements also extend to the improved performance of assembled full batteries.
Robust Multi‐Halide Methylammonium‐Free Perovskite Solar Cells on an Inverted Architecture
Authors: Jeronimo‐Rendon Jose J. , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Pascual Jorge , Girolamo Diego Di , Flatken Marion A. , Köbler Hans , Hempel Wolfram , Li Meng , Carlo Aldo Di , Boix Pablo P. , Mora‐Seró Iván , Abate Antonio , Saliba Michael 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient wide‐bandgap perovskites is critical to exploit the benefits of a multi‐absorber solar cell and engineering commercially attractive tandem solar cells. Here, a robust, additive‐free, methylammonium‐free triple halide composition for the fabrication of close‐to‐ideal wide‐bandgap perovskites (1.64 eV) is reported. The introduction of low percentages of chloride into the perovskite layer avoided photoinduced halide segregation and lead to an evident improvement in the crystallization process, reaching enhanced open‐circuit voltages as high as 1.23 V. A perovskite of these characteristics is introduced for the first time in a p‐i‐n single‐junction configuration using a self‐assembled monolayer, with devices achieving photoconversion efficiencies of up to 22.6% with ultra‐high stability, retaining ≈80% of their initial efficiency after >1000 h of continuous operation unencapsulated in a nitrogen atmosphere at 85 °C. This result paves the way toward highly efficient multi‐junction tandem solar cells, bringing perovskite technology closer to commercialization.
Enabling Stable Zn Anode with PVDF/CNTs Nanocomposites Protective Layer Toward High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Jinchang , Peng Jingsong , Huang Weifeng , Liang Hanqin , Hao Yida , Li Jiefei , Chu Haibin , Wei Hang , Zhang Yuanyuan , Liu Jian 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDue to its abundance of natural resources, high theoretical capacity, and suitable redox potential (−0.76 V vs SHE), Zn anode has received extensive attention both from academy and industry. However, the coexistence of Zn and H2O, which is unfortunately thermodynamically unstable, always involves severe metal corrosion, H2 evolution, dendrite growth, resulting in low reversibility of Zn anode. Herein, a phase transfer method is adapted to design a porous conductive protective layer on the Zn anode, denoted as (PVDF (Polyvinylidene fluoride)/CNTs(Carbon Nanotubes)‐PT(phase transfer) @ Zn). Based on in situ characterization, COMSOL simulation, and migration energy barrier calculation, it can be demonstrated that PVDF/CNTs‐PT @ Zn effectively inhibited the production of Zn dendrites and the side reactions triggered by H2O, achieving uniform deposition. Especially, the full picture of Zn deposition is observed using in situ computed tomography (CT). The symmetrical cell using the PVDF/CNTs‐PT @ Zn demonstrates dendrite‐free plating/stripping and possesses much better cycle stability than the bare Zn. A stable rechargeable full battery is demoed through coupling the PVDF/CNTs‐PT @ Zn anode with commercial V2O5. The strategy showcases a feasible pathway to inhibit Zn dendrite and side reactions in aqueous Zn ion battery, opening a promising avenue for the construction of metal anode protection layer.
Bioinspired Gas Manipulation for Regulating Multiphase Interactions in Electrochemistry
Authors: Long Zhiyun , Yu Cunming , Cao Moyuan , Ma Jun , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe manipulation of gas in multiphase interactions plays a crucial role in various electrochemical processes. Inspired by nature, researchers have explored bioinspired strategies for regulating these interactions, leading to remarkable advancements in design, mechanism, and applications. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of bioinspired gas manipulation in electrochemistry. It traces the evolution of gas manipulation in gas‐involving electrochemical reactions, highlighting the key milestones and breakthroughs achieved thus far. The paper then delves into the design principles and underlying mechanisms of superaerophobic and (super)aerophilic electrodes, as well as asymmetric electrodes. Furthermore, the applications of bioinspired gas manipulation in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR), and other gas‐involving electrochemical reactions are summarized. The promising prospects and future directions in advancing multiphase interactions through gas manipulation are also discussed.
From Nature‐Sourced Polysaccharide Particles to Advanced Functional Materials
Authors: Ma Yingshan , Morozova Sofia M. , Kumacheva Eugenia 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPolysaccharides constitute over 90% of the carbohydrate mass in nature, which makes them a promising feedstock for manufacturing sustainable materials. Polysaccharide particles (PSPs) are used as effective scavengers, carriers of chemical and biological cargos, and building blocks for the fabrication of macroscopic materials. The biocompatibility and degradability of PSPs are advantageous for their uses as biomaterials with more environmental friendliness. This review highlights the progresses in PSP applications as advanced functional materials, by describing PSP extraction, preparation, and surface functionalization with a variety of functional groups, polymers, nanoparticles, and biologically active species. This review also outlines the fabrication of PSP‐derived macroscopic materials, as well as their applications in soft robotics, sensing, scavenging, water harvesting, drug delivery, and bioengineering. The paper is concluded with an outlook providing perspectives in the development and applications of PSP‐derived materials.
Sedimentation‐Based Confinement of Individual Giant Unilamellar Vesicles in Microchamber Arrays with a Dynamically Exchangeable Outer Medium
Authors: Ali Syed Kaabir , Sella Catherine , Dilhas Vadim , Jacková Barbara , Mariconti Marina , Gomez‐Cruz Clara , Thouin Laurent , Morel Mathieu , Baigl Damien , Yamada Ayako 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) are an ideal model to study cellular membrane functions in vitro, yet difficult to manipulate due to their fragile nature, especially when subjected to dynamic change of their external microenvironment. Here, an original microfluidic concept is introduced for constraint‐free confinement of individual GUVs in microchambers with a dynamically exchangeable outer medium. GUVs self‐confine in an array of laterally separated microchambers by sedimentation, avoiding any mechanical constraint while allowing diffusion‐based exchange of the outer medium via a microfluidic channel and time‐resolved microscopy observation. The geometric and flow parameters optimizing medium exchange while preventing GUV from lifting out are numerically established. Different aqueous solutions separated by air plugs can be flowed into the channel by taking advantage of a polydimethylsiloxane‐based hydrophilic channel wall. The possibility to manipulate microliter sample volumes for in situ observation of protein cell‐free expression is also exploited. It is found that the membrane‐targeting sequence of Bacillus subtilis MinD binds to GUVs and induces extensive membrane tubulation. This technically simple method offers a robust way to confine GUVs and dynamically control their outer medium, thus constituting an ideal platform to study the spatio‐temporal response of reconstituted membranes and/or synthetic cell studies subjected to dynamic micro‐environments.
Electrolyte Degradation During Aging Process of Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Characterization, and Quantitative Analysis
Authors: Liao Yiqing , Zhang Huiyan , Peng Yufan , Hu Yonggang , Liang Jinding , Gong Zhengliang , Wei Yimin , Yang Yong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGiven that the non‐aqueous electrolyte in Li‐ion battery plays a specific role as an ion‐transport medium and interfacial modifier for both cathode and anode, understanding and evaluating the evolution and degradation of electrolytes throughout the life cycle is a fundamental concern within the lithium‐ion battery (LIB) community. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the electrolyte decomposition processes, mechanisms, effects of electrolyte degradation on the battery performance, characterization techniques, and modeling analysis. First, it thoroughly discusses the processes and mechanisms involved in electrolyte degradation from two primary perspectives: 1) the formation of the electrode‐electrolyte interphase and 2) the decomposition of the bulk electrolyte. Subsequently, it systematically outlines the effects of electrolyte degradation on the battery performance. The article further introduces cutting‐edge characterization and detection techniques used to assess electrolyte degradation, with a specific emphasis on quantitative methods for analyzing residual electrolytes in practical cells. Moreover, it summarizes advanced physical models of electrolyte decomposition. Finally, the paper concludes by offering insights into future trends and potential challenges in battery degradation research, it offers valuable references and guidance for further exploration of electrolyte degradation in LIBs.
Insights into the Jahn‐Teller Effect in Layered Oxide Cathode Materials for Potassium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Yunshan , Xie Huixian , Li Junfeng , Hui Kwan San , Yu Zhenjiang , Xu Huifang , Dinh Duc Anh , Ye Zhengqing , Zha Chenyang , Hui Kwun Nam 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPotassium‐ion batteries (PIBs) have attracted increasing interest as promising alternatives to lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) in large‐scale electrical energy storage systems due to the potential price advantages, abundant availability of potassium resources, and low standard redox potential of potassium. However, the pursuit of suitable cathode materials that exhibit desirable characteristics such as voltage platforms, high capacity, and long cycling stability is of utmost importance. Recently, layered transition‐metal oxides for PIBs offer great potential due to their high theoretical capacity, suitable voltage range, and eco‐friendliness. Nevertheless, the progress of KxMO2 cathodes in PIBs faces obstacles due to the detrimental effects of structural disorder and irreversible phase transitions caused by the Jahn‐Teller effect. This review provides a brief description of the origin and mechanism of the Jahn‐Teller effect, accompanied by the proposed principles to mitigate this phenomenon. In particular, the current status of KxMO2 cathodes for PIBs, is summarized highlighting the challenges posed by the Jahn‐Teller effect. Furthermore, promising strategies, such as composition modulation, synthesis approaches, and surface modification, are proposed to alleviate and suppress the Jahn‐Teller effect. These strategies offer valuable insights into the prospects of innovative cathode materials and provide a foundation for future research in the field of PIBs.
Non‐destructive and deep learning‐enhanced characterization of 4H‐SiC material
Authors: Ye Xiaofang , Zhang Aizhong , Huang Jiaxin , Kang Wenyu , Jiang Wei , Li Xu , Yin Jun , Kang Junyong 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe silicon carbide (SiC) crystal growth is a multiple‐phase aggregation process of Si and C atoms. With the development of the clean energy industry, the 4H‐SiC has gained increasing attention as it is an ideal material for new energy automobiles and optoelectronic devices. The aggregation process is normally complex and dynamic due to its distinctive formation energy, and it is hard to study and trace back in a non‐destructive and comprehensive way. Here, this work developed a non‐destructive and deep learning‐enhanced characterization method of 4H‐SiC material, which was based on micro‐CT scanning, the verification of various optical measurements, and the convolutional neural network (ResNet‐50 architecture). Harmful defects at the micro‐level, polytypes, micropipes, and carbon inclusions could be identified and orientated with more than 96% high performance on both accuracy and precision. The three‐dimensional visual reconstruction with quantitative analyses provided a vivid tracing back of the SiC aggregation process. This work demonstrated a useful tool to understand and optimize the SiC growth technology and further enhance productivity.
Dimerization extends π‐conjugation of electron donor‐acceptor structures leading to phototheranostic properties beyond the sum of two monomers
Authors: Li Heng , Li Qing , Gu Ying , Wang Mengying , Tan Pu , Wang Hengtao , Han Liang , Zhu Yulin , He Feng , Tian Leilei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR)‐II fluorescence imaging‐guided photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted great research interest, and constructing donor‐acceptor (D‐A) electronic configurations has become an established approach to lower bandgap and realize NIR‐II emission. However, very few π‐conjugated phototheranostic agents can realize efficient NIR‐II guided PTT using a clinically safe laser power density, implying that sufficient photothermal performance is still desired. In addition to the continuously refreshed photothermal conversion efficiency levels, the strategies that focus on enhancing light absorptivity have been rarely discussed and endow a new direction for enhancing PTT. Herein, a dimerization π‐extension strategy is raised to synthesize π‐conjugated dimers with A‐D‐A monomers. We observe that the light absorptivity (ε) of the dimers is strengthened three times owing to the enhanced electronic coupling effect as a result of the π‐conjugation extension, thereby surpassing the 2‐fold increase in chromophore numbers from the monomer to dimers. Thanks to the enhancement in light absorption, the dimers could generate much more photothermal heat than the monomer in in vivo PTT treatments. Therefore, an efficient anti‐tumor outcome has been fulfilled by using dimers under a low laser power (0.3 W/cm2). Moreover, the dimers with extended π‐conjugation structures become more favorable to the radiative excited state decay, thus exhibiting a distinguishing improvement in NIR‐II imaging compared with monomer. Collectively, due to the improved light absorptivity, the dimers can gain superior NIR‐II fluorescence brightness and photothermal performance over the recently reported material, which goes beyond the monomer in double doses for in vivo applications. All these results prove that dimerization is an effective strategy for designing high‐performance phototheranostic materials.
Hybrid Orbital Formation and Multicenter Bonding of Hydrogen Atoms and Molecules in Ti3C2${\rm Ti}_{3}{\rm C}_{2}$ MXenes
Authors: Nickel Norbert H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe formation and stability of solids and molecules is not possible without chemical bonds, which are divided into covalent, ionic, metallic, and van der Waals bonds. A special type of intermolecular bond is hydrogen bonding, which plays a crucial role for chemical, biological, and physical processes. However, hydrogen shows a far more complex behavior when it is present in solids. In this paper, it is shown that the chemical bonding of hydrogen atoms and molecules extends far beyond the simple picture of conventional, ionic, covalent, and multicenter bonds. The interaction of H with its host material is particularly important for hydrogen storage in metallic materials such as MXenes. Hydrogen atoms and molecules form multicenter bonds in . On the surface and between two sheets this is limited to the formation of H–Ti bonds. However, H and on interstitial sites form multicenter bonds not only with nearest neighbor Ti atoms but also with carbon atoms. Interestingly, the H–C bonds are characterized by the formation of s–p hybrid orbitals. For molecules, multicenter bond formation is accompanied by an increase of the bond length to 2.07 and 1.85 Å for on the surface and at the interstitial site, respectively. On the other hand, placing between two sheets of leads to dissociation. For all H and complexes the vibrational eigenmodes are calculated. Their frequencies are in the range of 890 to 1610 , which indicates that the bonds are remarkably strong.