bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Succession of Generations of the Circassian Mamlūks (1496–1501)
Authors: Zelenev Evgeny I. , Iliushina Milana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The article focuses on the period of the Mamlūk transition of power in 1496–1501, which separates two historical eras: 1468–1496, the reign of al-Ashraf Qaytbay, which is associated with the political and cultural prosperity of the Circassian Sultanate, and 1501–1517, the reign of al-Ashraf Qanisawh al-Ghawri (r. 1501–1516), a much less successful ruler whose death ended the almost 270-year history of the independent Mamlūk Sultanate (1250–1517). The purpose of this article is to define the period of al-Ashraf Qanisawh al-Ghawri’s reign not as an exceptional phenomenon, but as a consequence of the preceding transitional period. During transitional periods, non-hereditary succession sometimes opened windows of opportunity for the Mamlūk elite to come to power. The authors aim to examine the period 1496–1501 from this perspective. The article is based on an analysis of the political competition between the Mamlūk factions (Ayalon 1975: 217–218; Levanoni 1994: 374–375; idem 2004; Conermann 2003: 22). The authors apply the generational theory of Strauss and Howe (1997) and consider the intergenerational conflict and succession of generations in the context of historical, describing it as a historical factor of primary importance.
Shiraz on the Adriatic
Authors: Pellò Stefano 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper deals with three different but interconnected cases of placement, displacement and relocation of Persian literary culture in the Eastern Mediterranean sphere: the reception of a line by Ḥāfiẓ in 1920s Cairo, as represented in a novel by Najīb Maḥfūẓ; a Modern Greek adverb, φαρσί, expressing multilingual fluency and its probable Ottoman roots; a Veneto-Balkanic net of circulation of Persian textual and linguistic heritage, focusing especially on Mostar. As the intertwined case-studies touched upon in this essay clearly show, only deep philological excavations in little-studied local microhistories can properly unearth the still obscure early modern ecology of Persian “between the Adriatic and the Nile”. By taking a multilingual approach (in which Persian, Arabic, Turkish, Bosnian, Venetian and Italian are read as a cultural continuum), and looking at the ubiquity of the prestige of Persian against the background of a “significant geography” made of both physical and linguistic spaces we throw a new light—taking a step beyond the sometimes over-used notion of the “Persianate”—on the dynamics of inscriptions of Persian in the early modern Mediterranean and Southern European realities.
Iranian Lexical Material in the Caucasus
Authors: Gippert Jost 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The paper examines a new etymology that has recently been proposed for Arm. gerezman and Caucasian “Albanian” garazman, both meaning ‘grave, tomb’, and the relationship of the latter to modern Udi gärämzä ‘id.’. It shows that the peculiar shape of the Udi word can only be explained on the basis of a morphological restructuring that involved the genitive suffix -in-. Concerning the proposed etymology of gerezman and garazman, which builds upon an Iranian (“Median”) phrase *gṛδa- zmani- ‘house of clay’, it refutes the hypothesis of a “mirroring effect” influencing vowels in the neighbourhood of r in Albanian and points out further problems in the assumed developments.
On the Etymology of the Avestan Personal Name pourušaspa-
Authors: Khanizadeh Mehrbod 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article discusses the formation and meaning of the Avestan personal name of Zarathuštra’s father, pourušaspa-. Taking side with the current scholarly view on the etymology and meaning of the word, i.e., *pourušāspa- → pourušaspa- ‘one who has grey horses’, it is argued here that the shortening of the vowel can be explained by an analogical model in Wištāsp Yašt 1.2, where pourušaspa- m. is described as pouru.aspa- ‘having many horses’. The article also challenges the view that Wištāsp Yašt 1.2 is a recent text.
An African in Rome
Authors: Dunn Geoffrey D. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
At the end of the second century, Christianity in Rome existed as a federation of individual communities, despite the narrative provided in the fourth century by Eusebius. There was a multiplicity of leaders, of social backgrounds, of languages, of beliefs, and of practices among the Christians of Rome. How did the church of Rome maintain unity internally and externally in the presence of such diversity? By the end of the second century, with Victor, that forbearance came to a dramatic end. The best-known example is the Quartodeciman controversy over the dating of Easter. Other examples include his reaction to Monarchians, Montanists, and Valentinians. In itself, this is not evidence that Victor was attempting to act as sole bishop of Rome, but simply that he used the structures of the pluralist communities to push for greater theological conformity, which contributed to the centralisation of leadership in Rome. As a qualifier, it will be argued that he was not opposed to pluralism per se, but was opposed to it when he became aware of any particular threat divergence presented to Christian life and thought.
A Rifle and a Bag of Rice: Excluding Climate Disasters from the Scope of the Responsibility to Protect
Authors: Huttunen Mari 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The connection between climate change and atrocities has recently attracted scholarly attention. To illuminate the constraints of r2p as a response to climate-induced crises, I examine two debates on the applicability of r2p to natural disasters utilising Quentin Skinner’s ideas on intentions and the English School concepts of pluralism and solidarism. I propose an idea of r2p as a social contract of which the English School concepts provide competing readings and study the debates through this framework. I examine how pluralist and solidarist convictions were used in arguing for the same conception of the scope of r2p. Although it was broadly agreed that the concept did not apply to natural disasters, the statements given exposed a division of intentions: whereas solidarists sought to keep r2p alive, pluralists strived to safeguard sovereign rights. I argue that despite r2p’s narrow focus, the links between climate change and atrocities should not be ignored.
آليّات اليقظة في التأويل
Authors: بريسول أحمد 
Published: March 2024

الملخص
‫طوَّر الذهن آليات يقظة تحمي الأفراد من الانخداع ومن المعلومات المضللة. فهي تشكل قالبًا يفحص موثوقية المرسل (المتكلم) ومصداقية المعلومات. ويمكن أن تشتمل آليات اليقظة أيضًا على مجموعة فرعية من الآليات المتخصصة تحمي المرسل إليه (السامع) من الأخطاء التأويلية التي تؤدي إلى إخفاقٍ في الفهم أو إلى سوء الفهم، وذلك بفحص معقولية الفرضيات التأويلية المناسبة ومقبوليتها على النحو الأمثل.‬
‫ونفترض أن الفهم والقَبول عمليتان تشتغلان في شكل من المعالجة المتوازية يشبه التكيّف المتبادل المتوازي بقالبين معرفيين مختلفين. وعلى الرغم من أن اليقظة المعرفية يمكن أن تزودنا بعملية موضعية أو حصرية لدمج الافتراضات المتعلقة بمعرفة المرسل (المتكلم)، فلا شيء يمكن أن يمنع عملية الفهم من الضلال إذا وقعت في مناسبة عرضية. ولتفادي هذا المشكل نتبنى مفهوم “الحيز الموسّع” لليقظة المعرفية فلا يقتصر الأمر على تقييمها من حيث مصداقية التأويل فحسب، ولكنها تُقَيِّم أيضًا مقبولية التأويل، ومن ثمّة تفاعلها مباشرة مع عملية الفهم. ونزعم أن اليقظة المعرفية ضرورية للتغلب على إخفاق الفهم أو تجنبه على المستوى الصريح والضمني للتواصل، فقد يصل المرسل إليه (السامع) إلى تأويلات خاطئة تبدو بشكل عرضي مناسبة، ويعتقد أنها كانت قصدية.‬
العبور اللّغويّ
Authors: غالي ناصر بن عبد اللّٰه بن 
Published: March 2024

ملخّص
‫غدت الخطابات النّاتجة عن التّقارب العفويّ للّغات المختلفة لحظيّة وعابرة تتجاوز في حيويّتها مفهوم التّعدّديّة اللّغويّة فتجعله غير قادر على التقاط ديناميكيّات التّواصل البشريّ في أيّامنا هذه. وهذا ما خلق إشكاليّة التّعايش المزدوج بين لغات مختلفة وجعل المتخاطبين يتجاوزون استخدام اللّغات المسمّاة بشكل منفصل، إلى التّلاعب بالفضاء اللّغويّ لإبداع تجارب خطابيّة جديدة فريدة من نوعها تعتمد الذّخيرة اللّغويّة الكاملة الّتي بحوزتهم.‬
‫ونفترض أنّ مفهوم العبور اللّغويّ يمكن أن يكون عدسةً تحليليّةً تيسّر لنا فهم السّلوكيّات اللّغويّة للأشخاص متعدّدي اللّغات في الفضاءات متعدّدة اللّغات. ونهدف، في هذا البحث، إلى إظهار أهمّيّة مفهوم العبور اللّغويّ باعتباره إطارا تحليليّا للتّفاعل اللّغويّ الاجتماعيّ في عالم اليوم المتنوّع لغويًّا وثقافيًّا فنناقش الآثار النّظريّة لاعتماد مفهوم العبور اللّغويّ في تحليل الخطاب متعدّد اللّغات، ونفحص المفاهيم التّحليليّة المختلفة المرتبطة بالعبور اللّغويّ بما يساعد على فهم هذه الممارسات وخصائصها وقضاياها.‬
Machine learning to optimize automated RH genotyping using whole-exome sequencing data
Authors: Chang Ti-Cheng , Yu Jing , Wang Zhaoming , Hankins Jane S. , Weiss Mitchell J. , Wu Gang , Westhoff Connie M. , Chou Stella T. , Zheng Yan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Rh phenotype matching reduces but does not eliminate alloimmunization in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) due to RH genetic diversity that is not distinguishable by serological typing. RH genotype matching can potentially mitigate Rh alloimmunization but comprehensive and accessible genotyping methods are needed. We developed RHtyper as an automated algorithm to predict RH genotypes using whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data with high accuracy. Here, we adapted RHtyper for whole-exome sequencing (WES) data, which are more affordable but challenged by uneven sequencing coverage and exacerbated sequencing read misalignment, resulting in uncertain predictions for (1) RHD zygosity and hybrid alleles, (2) RHCE∗C vs. RHCE∗c alleles, (3) RHD c.1136C&gt;T zygosity, and (4) RHCE c.48G&gt;C zygosity. We optimized RHtyper to accurately predict RHD and RHCE genotypes using WES data by leveraging machine learning models and improved the concordance of WES with WGS predictions from 90.8% to 97.2% for RHD and 96.3% to 98.2% for RHCE among 396 patients in the Sickle Cell Clinical Research and Intervention Program. In a second validation cohort of 3030 cancer survivors (15.2% Black or African Americans) from the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study, the optimized RHtyper reached concordance rates between WES and WGS predications to 96.3% for RHD and 94.6% for RHCE. Machine learning improved the accuracy of RH predication using WES data. RHtyper has the potential, once implemented, to provide a precision medicine-based approach to facilitate RH genotype–matched transfusion and improve transfusion safety for patients with SCD. This study used data from clinical trials registered at ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT02098863 and NCT00760656.
Machine learning natural language processing for identifying venous thromboembolism: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lam Barbara D. , Chrysafi Pavlina , Chiasakul Thita , Khosla Harshit , Karagkouni Dimitra , McNichol Megan , Adamski Alys , Reyes Nimia , Abe Karon , Mantha Simon , Vlachos Ioannis S. , Zwicker Jeffrey I. , Patell Rushad 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a leading cause of preventable in-hospital mortality. Monitoring VTE cases is limited by the challenges of manual medical record review and diagnosis code interpretation. Natural language processing (NLP) can automate the process. Rule-based NLP methods are effective but time consuming. Machine learning (ML)-NLP methods present a promising solution. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies published before May 2023 that use ML-NLP to identify VTE diagnoses in the electronic health records. Four reviewers screened all manuscripts, excluding studies that only used a rule-based method. A meta-analysis evaluated the pooled performance of each study’s best performing model that evaluated for pulmonary embolism and/or deep vein thrombosis. Pooled sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) with confidence interval (CI) were calculated by DerSimonian and Laird method using a random-effects model. Study quality was assessed using an adapted TRIPOD (Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis) tool. Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review and 8 had data available for meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity was 0.931 (95% CI, 0.881-0.962), specificity 0.984 (95% CI, 0.967-0.992), PPV 0.910 (95% CI, 0.865-0.941) and NPV 0.985 (95% CI, 0.977-0.990). All studies met at least 13 of the 21 NLP-modified TRIPOD items, demonstrating fair quality. The highest performing models used vectorization rather than bag-of-words and deep-learning techniques such as convolutional neural networks. There was significant heterogeneity in the studies, and only 4 validated their model on an external data set. Further standardization of ML studies can help progress this novel technology toward real-world implementation.
Fanconi anemia neuroinflammatory syndrome: brain lesions and neurologic injury in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Bartlett Allison L. , Wagner John E. , Jones Blaise , Wells Susanne , Sabulski Anthony , Fuller Christine , Davies Stella M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fanconi anemia (FA) is a complex inherited bone marrow failure syndrome characterized by chromosomal instability and defective DNA repair, causing sensitivity to DNA interstrand crosslinking agents. Our understanding of the full adult phenotype of the disease continues to evolve, because most patients with FA died of marrow failure in the first decade of life before more recent advances in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Herein, we report a previously undescribed, clinically concerning, progressive neurologic syndrome in patients with FA. Nine nonimmunosuppressed pediatric patients and young adults with FA presented with acute and chronic neurological signs and symptoms associated with distinct neuroradiological findings. Symptoms included, but were not limited to, limb weakness, papilledema, gait abnormalities, headaches, dysphagia, visual changes, and seizures. Brain imaging demonstrated a characteristic radiographic appearance of numerous cerebral and cerebellar lesions with associated calcifications and often a dominant ring-enhancing lesion. Tissue from the dominant brain lesions in 4 patients showed nonspecific atypical glial proliferation, and a small number of polyomavirus-infected microglial cells were identified by immunohistochemistry in 2 patients. Numerous interventions were pursued across this cohort, in general with no improvement. Overall, these patients demonstrated significant progressive neurologic decline. This cohort highlights the importance of recognizing FA neuroinflammatory syndrome, which is distinct from malignancy, and warrants careful ongoing evaluation by clinicians.
Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of contracting and dying in infection and sepsis: a Swedish population-based cohort study
Authors: Stattin Karl , Eriksson Mikael , Frithiof Robert , Kawati Rafael , Hultström Michael , Lipcsey Miklos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Sepsis is a condition where the immune response to infection becomes dysregulated and life-threatening. It is not known whether lifestyle factors influence the risk of sepsis. The aim of the present study is to investigate the association between physical activity and the risk of acquiring and dying in infection or sepsis.

Methods
The population-based Swedish Mammography Cohort and Cohort of Swedish Men sent participants lifestyle questionnaires in 1997 and have subsequently followed participants in national Swedish registers, including the National Patient Register, the Swedish Intensive Care Registry and the Cause of Death Register. The risk of contracting infection and sepsis, the risk of intensive care unit admission and the risk of death were estimated using multivariable Cox regression.

Results
Among 64,850 cohort participants, 26,124 individuals suffered at least one episode of infection or sepsis and 4708 individuals died of infection or sepsis during the study period. In adjusted analyses, compared to exercising less than one hour per week, stated exercise one hour per week was associated with lower risk of contracting infection or sepsis, hazard ratio (HR) 0.93 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.90–0.97), and lower risk of dying in infection or sepsis, HR 0.87 (95% CI 0.80–0.96). Further exercise was associated with even lower risk, and similar patterns were observed for walking. The population-attributable risks of contracting and dying in infection or sepsis for not exercising were 2.6% and 4.5%, respectively.

Conclusions
Exercise and walking demonstrate inverse dose–response associations with both the risk of contracting and dying in infection and sepsis, presenting possible preventative interventions for this critical condition.
Effects of soil on the development, survival, and oviposition of Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) mosquitoes
Authors: Pautzke Kellen C. , Felsot Allan S. , Reganold John P. , Owen Jeb P. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Water quality is known to influence the development and survival of larval mosquitoes, which affects mosquito-borne pathogen transmission as a function of the number of mosquitoes that reach adulthood and blood feed. Although water properties are known to affect mosquito development, few studies have investigated the link among soil properties, water quality, and mosquito development. Given the large number of ground-breeding mosquito species, this linkage is a potentially important factor to consider in mosquito ecology. In this study, we explored the effects of different soils on multiple life history parameters of the ground-breeding mosquito species Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Methods
Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae were reared in water combined with different soil substrates (sandy, silt, or clay loam textures) at increasing soil to water volume ratios, with and without the addition of organic matter (fish food). Gravid mosquitoes were offered different soil–water extracts to investigate soil effects on oviposition preference.

Results
Without the addition of organic matter, larval survival and development differed significantly among waters with different soil textures and volumes of substrate. Mosquitoes in water with clay loam soil survived longer and developed further than mosquitoes in other soil waters. Larvae survived for longer periods of time with increased volumes of soil substrate. Adding organic matter reduced the differences in larval survival time, development, and pupation among soil–water extracts. Adult female mosquitoes oviposited more frequently in water with clay loam soil, but the addition of organic matter reduced the soil effects on oviposition preference.

Conclusions
This study suggests soil composition affects larval mosquito survival and development, as well as the oviposition preference of gravid females. Future studies could differentiate abiotic and biotic soil features that affect mosquitoes and incorporate soil variation at the landscape scale into models to predict mosquito population dynamics and mosquito-borne pathogen transmission.

Graphical Abstract
NBS superfood: a promising adjunctive therapy in critically ill ICU patients with omicron variant of COVID-19
Authors: Mosadegh Mehrdad , Khalkhali Aref , Erfani Yousef , Nezamdoost Manije , Hashemi Seyyed Hamid , Azizi Jalilian Farid , Ansari Nastaran , Mahmoudvand Shahab , Mamani Mojgan , Abdoli Elham , Amini Razieh , Kalvandi Gholamreza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis clinical trial aimed to assess the impact of Nutrition Bio-shield superfood (NBS) on clinical status among critically ill ICU patients suffering from acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) due to the Omicron variant of COVID-19. A total of 400 patients with confirmed Omicron-related ARDS were randomly assigned to either the intervention group (n = 200) or the control group (n = 200). Patients in the intervention group received 1.5 g of NBS powder daily for 2 weeks in addition to standard antiviral treatment, while the control group received a placebo alongside standard antiviral therapy. Serum samples were collected from all patients in both groups, and various clinical and laboratory parameters, including ESR, CRP, D-Dimer, CPK, WBC count, lymphocyte count, and lymphocyte percentage, were measured using established methodologies. Following a 14-day intervention period, the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in mean serum levels of CRP (15.39 vs. 48.49; P < 0.001), ESR (14.28 vs. 34.03; P < 0.001), D-Dimer (485.18 vs. 1009.13; P = 0.001), and CPK (68.93 vs. 131.48; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Conversely, a significant increase was observed in the mean serum levels of lymphocytes (1537.06 vs. 1152.60; P < 0.001) in the intervention group after 14 days of treatment compared to the control group. The remarkable reduction in inflammatory markers and mortality rates observed with NBS supplementation alongside standard antiviral treatment underscores its crucial role in mitigating inflammation and achieving an important milestone in the fight against COVID-19.
The role of cardiac imaging in assessing the cardiac involvement of type 1 Gaucher disease: a case report with review of literature
Authors: Addou Ahmed Youssouf , El Mire Wafa , Doghmi Nawal , Benyass Aatif 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGaucher disease (GD) is a lysosomal storage disease that leads to the accumulation of glucocerebroside within reticuloendothelial cells, haematological, neurological, skeletal and abdominal organs. These clinical manifestations are common to all types of GD, but categorization depends on the absence of neurological involvement (type I) or its presence (type II and III). Cardiac involvement is rare and only reported in few cases, where valvular and aortic calcifications were associated with type IIIc. Other cardiac manifestations, such as constrictive pericarditis, pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infiltration, and restrictive cardiomyopathy, had also been reported.Case presentationWe report a case of a 72-year-old patient with known type 1 GD who presented with a sudden syncope during exercise. He reported also an exercise intolerance evolving for three months. Echocardiography found concentric left ventricular hypertrophy with segmental hypokinesis, bi-atrial enlargement, and mildly reduced ejection fraction. Mitral flow was in favour of grade II diastolic dysfunction with elevated filling pressure. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) showed interstitial fibrosis in the basal infero-septal wall, probably due to the myocardial infiltration of GD. Due to the lack of echocardiographic and CMR hallmarks of cardiac GD, we conducted a literature review on similar findings.ConclusionThis case illustrates the importance of non-invasive cardiac imaging in the diagnosis, prognosis and management of cardiac manifestations of GD.