bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Initial Vertical and Horizontal Position of Palatally Impacted Maxillary Canine and Effect on Periodontal Status Following Surgical-Orthodontic Treatment
Authors: Zasciurinskiene Egle , Bjerklin Krister , Smailiene Dalia , Sidlauskas Antanas , Puisys Algirdas 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the impact of surgical-orthodontic treatment and the initial vertical and mesiodistal position of palatally impacted maxillary canines on the periodontal health of impacted canines and adjacent teeth.Materials and Methods: The study group consisted of 32 patients with unilateral palatally impacted maxillary canines. The initial position of the impacted canines was assessed on panoramic images. The treatment protocol of the impacted canines included surgical exposure with the closed-eruption technique and fixed orthodontic appliances.Results: A significant increase in pocket depth was found at the canine mesiopalatal point after surgical-orthodontic treatment. Also, a correlation was found between the initial mesiodistal and vertical position of the impacted canine and the posttreatment periodontal status of the impacted canine, the adjacent lateral incisor, and the first premolar.Conclusions: A combined surgical-orthodontic approach in the treatment of impacted maxillary canines produces clinically acceptable periodontal conditions. The average increase in pocket depth was less than 4 mm and clinically unimportant for most patients.
Dentofacial Changes after Orthodontic Intervention with Eruption Guidance Appliance in the Early Mixed Dentition
Authors: Keski-Nisula Katri , Keski-Nisula Leo , Salo Hannu , Voipio Kati , Varrela Juha 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate skeletal and dentoalveolar changes induced by the eruption guidance appliance in the early mixed dentition.
Materials and Methods: Pre- and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs of 115 consecutively treated children, 62 boys and 53 girls, were compared with those obtained from a control group of 104 children, 52 boys and 52 girls. Pretreatment radiographs were taken at the deciduous-mixed dentition interphase (T1) and after full eruption of all permanent incisors and first molars (T2). The mean age of the children in both groups was 5.1 years at T1 and 8.4 years at T2.
Results: A significant difference between the groups at T2 was found in the mandibular length, midfacial length, and maxillomandibular differential. The increase in mandibular length was 11.1 mm in the treatment group and 7.2 mm in the control group. No differences were found in measurements of maxillary position or size. There was a significant shift toward a Class I relationship in the treatment group. Labial tipping and linear protrusion of the mandibular incisors was evident in the treatment group at T2. There was no effect on the inclination or position of the maxillary incisors.
Conclusions: Occlusal correction was achieved mainly through changes in the dentoalveolar region of the mandible. In addition, the appliance enhanced condylar growth resulting in a clinically significant increase in mandibular length. No effect was observed on maxillary position, maxillary size, inclination or protrusion of the maxillary incisors, or facial height.
Bond Strength of an Amorphous Calcium Phosphate–Containing Orthodontic Adhesive
Authors: Foster Jeff A. , Berzins David W. , Bradley Thomas G. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine whether an amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-containing adhesive has an acceptable level of shear bond strength to be used as an orthodontic adhesive.
Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted premolars were randomly divided into three groups for orthodontic bonding. Group 1 used a composite resin adhesive (Transbond XT), group 2 was bonded with an ACP-containing adhesive (Aegis Ortho), and group 3 used a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji Ortho LC). All bonded teeth were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 40 ± 2 hours prior to debonding. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) were recorded for each specimen.
Results: The mean shear bond strengths for the three test groups were: group 1 (15.2 ± 3.6 MPa), group 2 (6.6 ± 1.5 MPa), and group 3 (8.3 ± 2.8 MPa). A one-way analysis of variance showed a significant difference in bond strengths between the groups. A post hoc Tukey test showed group 1 to be significantly (P &lt; .001) greater than groups 2 and 3. A Kruskal-Wallis test and a Mann-Whitney U-test showed groups 1 and 3 exhibited lower ARI scores than group 2, but a majority of specimens in each group had greater than 50% of the cement removed along with the bracket during debonding.
Conclusions: The ACP-containing adhesive demonstrated a low, but satisfactory bond strength needed to function as an orthodontic adhesive.
Rapid Maxillary Expansion Effects on Nocturnal Enuresis in Children
Authors: Schütz-Fransson Ulrike , Kurol Jüri 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: To assess the effects of 10–14 days of rapid maxillary expansion (RME) on nocturnal enuresis (NE) in children who have long-standing resistance to medical therapy and to evaluate the long-term success rate after 10 years.Materials and Methods: Twenty-three children with NE, aged 6–15 years old (mean age = 10), who wet their bed almost every night and had never been dry were referred from pediatric specialists. Mean RME was 6.5 mm (range = 5–8), but only 7 of the 23 patients had lateral crossbites. Rhinomanometric measurements were taken before and after RME, and patients were interviewed 10 years after treatment.Results: Positive effects of RME were observed in nearly 50% of the patients within 1 month of treatment: six were completely dry and five had notable improvements. Relapse in the overexpanded arches to a normal transversal occlusion was noted within 1 year. No correlation was found between success and improved airways, familial heritage, school performance, or other social factors. Younger children responded better to the treatment. Results were stable at the 10-year follow-up, and no adverse reactions were reported.Conclusion: Orthodontic RME is a new option for treating children with NE who are resistant to medical therapy; the treatment has no adverse side effects.
Impacts on Daily Performances Attributed to Malocclusions Using the Condition-Specific Feature of the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index
Authors: Bernabé Eduardo , Tsakos Georgios , Messias de Oliveira Cesar , Sheiham Aubrey 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To assess the prevalence, intensity, and extent of sociodental impacts attributed to malocclusions by sex, socioeconomic status, and normative orthodontic treatment need level.
Materials and Methods: One thousand sixty 15- to 16-year-old adolescents without history of previous or current orthodontic treatment were randomly selected from all secondary schools in Bauru, Brazil. Interviews were done to collect information about sociodemographic variables and sociodental impacts on quality of life attributed to malocclusions using the Oral Impacts on Daily Performances Index. Adolescents were also clinically examined using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Statistical comparison by covariables was performed using χ2 and Kruskal-Wallis tests.
Results: The prevalence of condition-specific impacts (CSIs) was 24.6%. Among adolescents with CSIs, 52.1% reported severe or very severe intensity and 77.4% reported impacts on only one daily performance, commonly, smiling. The prevalence, intensity, and extent of CSIs differed by level of normative orthodontic treatment need but not by sex or socioeconomic status. However, among adolescents with definite normative orthodontic treatment need, 24.5% reported CSIs of severe or very severe intensity, whereas among those with moderate or slight/no need, 13.0% and 7.9%, respectively, experienced CSIs of severe or very severe intensity.
Conclusions: Untreated malocclusions have physical, psychological, and social consequences on quality of life of Brazilian adolescents. However, because adolescents with a definite normative orthodontic need are considered by orthodontists as in need of care, these results raise the issue of whether all these adolescents should be considered for orthodontic attention since most had no perceived impacts on performing their daily life activities.
Class II Non-Extraction Patients Treated with the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device Versus Intermaxillary Elastics
Authors: Jones Graham , Buschang Peter H. , Kim Ki Beom , Oliver Donald R. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device (FRD) as a compliance-free alternative to Class II elastics.
Materials and Methods: A sample of 34 (14 female, 20 male) consecutively treated nonextraction FRD patients (12.6 years of age) were matched with a sample of 34 (14 female, 20 male) consecutively treated nonextraction Class II elastics patients (12.2 years of age) based on four pretreatment variables (ANB, L1-GoMe, SN-GoMe, and treatment duration). Pretreatment and posttreatment cephalometric radiographs were traced and analyzed using the pitchfork analysis and a vertical cephalometric analysis. t-Tests were used to evaluate group differences. Group differences were evaluated using t-tests.
Results: No statistically significant differences were found in the treatment changes between the groups. There was a general trend for mesial movement of the maxilla, mandible, and dentition during treatment for both groups. The mandibular skeletal advancement and dental movements were greater than those in the maxilla, which accounted for the Class II correction. Lower incisor proclination was evident in both groups. Vertically, the maxillary and mandibular molars erupted during treatment in both groups, while lower incisors proclined. With the exception of lower molar mesial movements and total molar correction, which were significantly (P &lt; .05) greater in the Forsus group, there were no statistically significant group differences in the treatment changes.
Conclusions: The Forsus FRD is an acceptable substitute for Class II elastics for noncompliant patients.
Displaced Premolars in Panoramic Radiography—Fact or Fallacy?
Authors: Nohadani Nasila , Pohl Yango , Ruf Sabine 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the null hypothesis that there is no difference between premolar position visualized on panoramic radiographs (PRs) and lateral headfilms (LHs).
Materials and Methods: The prevalence of differences in the direction of crown angulation between PR and LH was assessed. Furthermore, brass wire markers with different sagittal and transverse angulations were placed in a dry skull. With the markers in place, LHs and PRs were taken.
Results: A difference in the direction of crown angulation of unerupted second premolars between PR and LH occurred in 19.5% of patients. The reason for the angulation differences is a buccolingual orientation of the tooth, which appears as a mesiodistal angulation on the PR.
Conclusion: The null hypothesis was rejected since in one-fifth of the patients premolar projection differs between the panoramic radiograph and the lateral headfilm.
Does Rapid Maxillary Expansion Affect the Eruption of Upper Third Molars?
Authors: Sökücü Oral , Öztürk Fırat , Babacan Hasan , Bıçakçı Ali Altuğ 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the movement of the upper third molars between rapid maxillary expansion (RME) and non-RME patients.
Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 30 patients divided into two groups. The study group included 20 patients who had maxillary narrowness and bilateral maxillary third molars and who had undergone RME application. The control group of 10 patients had a bilateral crossbite, had bilateral maxillary third molars, and did not receive orthodontic treatment. The records included lateral and frontal cephalometric films and maxillary plaster models. In the study group, records were taken before expansion (T1), after expansion (T2), and at the retention period (T3). T2 records were not taken in the control group because this period was too short to observe any changes. Friedman tests were used to observe within groups, and the Mann-Whitney U-test was used to see the differences between groups on films and casts.
Results: Frontal films showed that vertical eruption occurred after the retention period in the RME cases. Cephalometric films revealed that the angular eruption occurred immediately after expansion. However, the results were not significant with respect to the control group.
Conclusion: The hypothesis was rejected. Rapid maxillary expansion affects maxillary third molar movement during and after the RME procedure. RME may indicate upper third molar eruption, but the final position of third molar was not different compared to the normal growth pattern.
Immediate Skeletal and Dentoalveolar Effects of the Crown- or Banded Type Herbst Appliance on Class II division 1 Malocclusion
Authors: Barnett Gregory A. , Higgins Duncan W. , Major Paul W. , Flores-Mir Carlos 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the relative skeletal and dental changes produced by the crown- or banded-type Herbst appliance in growing Class II division 1 malocclusion cases.
Materials and Methods: Several electronic databases were searched with the help of a health sciences librarian, without language limitation. Abstracts that appeared to fulfill the initial selection criteria (Herbst use and clinical trial) were selected by consensus, and their original articles were then retrieved. Clinical trials were selected that used lateral cephalograms to assess immediate skeletal and dental changes from the use of either crown or banded Herbst appliances. Clinical trials that employed other simultaneous potentially growth-modifying appliances or surgery were excluded. A comparable untreated Class II division 1 malocclusion control group was required to factor out normal growth changes. References from the selected articles were also hand searched.
Results: Only three articles meet the selection criteria. Proclination and anterior movement of the lower incisors, overjet reduction, and improvement of first molar relationship thorough mesial movement of the first molars, reduction of ANB angle, and an increase in the mandibular plane angle were reported. There were mixed findings as to mandibular sagittal length and position and increases in lower face height, both anteriorly and posteriorly. No statistically significant changes were noted in the sagittal length or position of the skeletal maxilla.
Conclusions: Dental changes have more impact than skeletal changes in the correction of Class II division 1 malocclusions with the crown or banded Herbst appliance.
Clinical Effect of CO2 Laser in Reducing Pain in Orthodontics
Authors: Fujiyama Koji , Deguchi Toru , Murakami Takashi , Fujii Akihito , Kushima Kazuhiko , Takano-Yamamoto Teruko 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To test the hypothesis that there is no difference in the pain associated with orthodontic force application after the application of local CO2 laser irradiation to the teeth involved.
Materials and Methods: Separation modules were placed at the distal contacts of the maxillary first molars in 90 patients in this single-blinded study. In 60 of these patients (42 females and 18 males; mean age = 19.22 years) this was immediately followed by laser therapy. The other 30 patients (18 females and 12 males; mean age = 18.8 years) did not receive active laser irradiation. Patients were then instructed to rate their levels of pain on a visual analog scale over time, and the amount of tooth movement was analyzed.
Results: Significant pain reductions were observed with laser treatment from immediately after insertion of separators through day 4, but no differences from the nonirradiated control side were noted thereafter. No significant difference was noted in the amount of tooth movement between the irradiated and nonirradiated group.
Conclusions: The hypothesis was rejected. The results suggest that local CO2 laser irradiation will reduce pain associated with orthodontic force application without interfering with the tooth movement.
Anterior Open Bite and Speech Disorders in Children with Down Syndrome
Authors: López-Pérez Rubén , Borges-Yáñez S. Aida , López-Morales Patricia 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To estimate the prevalence and to determine if there is an association between anterior open bite and the presence of speech disorders in a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DS).
Materials and Methods: The subjects were a group of Mexican children with Down syndrome (DG) and a control group (CG) of Mexican pediatric patients without disabilities matched by age. The children in both groups came from families having children with anterior open bite and children without it. A parental questionnaire, dental study casts, and a speech test were used to measure the studied variables. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test (χ2 test), and one-way analyses of variance (ANOVA), followed by the Tukey post hoc test.
Results: Prevalence of anterior open bite was 31.6% in the DG and 22.8% in the CG. The total speech errors by omissions, substitutions, distortions, and additions indicated that there were significant differences between both groups (F = 31.68, P &lt; .001). In general, no significant difference in speech disorders was observed between the DG and the CG regardless of the presence of anterior open bite.
Conclusions: No association existed between speech disorders and anterior open bite in the samples studied.
Witkop Tooth and Nail Syndrome and Orthodontics
Authors: Altug-Atac Ayse T. , Iseri Haluk 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis case report presents the orthodontic treatment of a patient with Witkop syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by the absence of several teeth and abnormalities of the nails. The patient, a 6-year 4-month-old boy, was referred to our clinic for treatment of severe overjet and openbite. Radiographic and clinical evaluations showed peg-shaped maxillary lateral incisors and the congenital absence of three mandibular incisors as well as spoon-shaped fingernails. Treatment of openbite and overjet was initiated with functional appliances, and fixed orthodontic appliances were inserted at age 10 years 3 months. The edentulous spaces are being maintained for implants that will be provided once the patient's growth is complete. Evaluations of long-term treatment results to date have indicated improvements in both facial and dental esthetics.
Polarized Versus Nonpolarized Digital Images for the Measurement of Demineralization Surrounding Orthodontic Brackets
Authors: Benson Philip Edward , Ali Shah Anwar , Robert Willmot Derrick 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjective: To compare the assessment of demineralized white lesions surrounding orthodontic brackets using images produced with and without polarizing filters to reduce incidental flash reflection.Materials and Methods: Thirty teeth with orthodontic brackets and a systematic arrangement of artificially induced demineralization were used. Standardized digital images of the teeth were taken with and without a cross-polarizing filter. These were repeated after 1 week. All the images were randomly numbered and assessed by an investigator, unaware as to the nature of the study. The presence or absence of demineralization was recorded and compared with the actual demineralization pattern. The lesion area and degree of whiteness (LI%) were measured using computerized image analysis. Twenty images from each group were randomly chosen and duplicated for an assessment of measurement error.Results: The positive and negative predictive values were better from the polarized images (0.97 and 0.84, respectively) than from the nonpolarized images (0.90 and 0.74, respectively). The percentage agreements for the repeat assessments of the same slide were better for the polarized images (96%) than for the nonpolarized images (89%). The limits of agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients between measurements of repeated images were lower for lesion area from cross-polarized images, suggesting better reproducibility, but not for LI%.Conclusion: A cross-polarization filter enhances the subjective assessment of demineralized lesions surrounding an orthodontic bracket and improves the reproducibility of measuring the lesion area. The filter did not improve the assessment of changes in enamel gray levels with demineralization.
Mathematical Analyses of Dental Arch Curvature in Normal Occlusion
Authors: AlHarbi Seba , Alkofide Eman A. , AlMadi Abdulaziz 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To present a comprehensive mathematical analysis of dental arch curvature in subjects with normal occlusion.
Materials and Methods: The materials studied were 40 sets of upper and lower plaster dental casts of subjects presenting with normal occlusion. The sample was equally divided into casts from male and female subjects with an age range from 18 to 25 years. Curve-fitting analyses was carried out and four main categories of functions were considered: the beta function, natural cubic splines, polynomial equations, and Hermite cubic splines.
Results: The polynomial function (fourth order) was found to be a reasonable analysis when the objective is to describe the general smooth curvature of the dental arch, while a Hermite cubic spline is more appropriate when it is desired to track arch irregularities, such as evaluating treatment changes.
Conclusions: Due to its advantage in providing a more naturally smooth curve, the fourth-order polynomial function may be used as a guide to fabricate customized arch wires, or even an entire fixed orthodontic appliance system.
Thermocycling Effects on Shear Bond Strength of a Self-Etching Primer
Authors: Elekdag-Turk Selma , Turk Tamer , Isci Devrim , Ozkalayci Nurhat 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Objective: To determine the effects of thermocycling on shear bond strengths (SBSs) of a self-etching primer (SEP) after 0, 2000, and 5000 thermal cycles.
Materials and Methods: Brackets were bonded to bovine incisors with two etching protocols. In the control group (conventional method) teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. In the experimental group, an SEP (Transbond Plus) was applied as recommended by the manufacturer. Brackets were bonded with light-cure adhesive paste (Transbond XT) and light cured for 20 seconds in both groups. The SBSs were measured after water storage at 37°C for 24 hours, after 2000 and 5000 cycles of thermocycling between 5°C and 55°C. Bond failure location was determined with the Adhesive Remnant Index (ARI).
Results: In the control group, SBSs did not show any significant differences among 0, 2000, and 5000 thermal cycles. However, in group SEP, SBSs decreased with 2000 and 5000 thermal cycles, and these decreases were significantly different from no thermocyling (P &lt; .001). A significant difference was observed between ARI scores of the control group with 5000 thermal cycles and group SEP with no thermal cycles (P &lt; .003). In addition, a significant difference was found between group SEP with no thermocycling and with 5000 thermal cycles (P &lt; .003).
Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the SEP (Transbond Plus) provides clinically acceptable bond strength values compared with the conventional method after thermocycling.