bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and safety of filgotinib for ulcerative colitis: A real‐world multicenter retrospective study in Japan
Authors: Akiyama Shintaro , Yokoyama Kaoru , Yagi Soichi , Shinzaki Shinichiro , Tsuruta Kozo , Yoshioka Shinichiro , Sako Minako , Shimizu Hiromichi , Kobayashi Mariko , Sakurai Toshiyuki , Nomura Kei , Shibuya Tomoyoshi , Takahara Masahiro , Hiraoka Sakiko , Sugai Kyohei , Yanai Shunichi , Yoshida Atsushi , Koroku Miki , Omori Teppei , Saruta Masayuki , Matsumoto Takayuki , Okamoto Ryuichi , Tsuchiya Kiichiro , Fujii Toshimitsu 
Published: March 2024

SummaryBackground and AimsWhile filgotinib, an oral Janus kinase (JAK) 1 preferential inhibitor, is approved for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC), real‐world studies assessing its short‐ and long‐term efficacy and safety are limited.MethodsThis is a multicenter, retrospective study of UC patients who started filgotinib between March 2022 and September 2023. The primary outcome was clinical remission, defined as a partial Mayo score ≤1 with a rectal bleeding score of 0, or Simple Clinical Colitis Activity Index (SCCAI) ≤2 with a blood‐in‐stool score of 0. Secondary outcomes included clinical response, corticosteroid‐free remission, and endoscopic improvement. Outcomes were assessed at 10, 26, and 58 weeks based on patients with available follow‐up. Adverse events were evaluated.ResultsWe identified 238 UC patients and 54% had prior exposure to biologics/JAK inhibitors. The median baseline partial Mayo score and SCCAI were 5 (IQR 3–6) and 4 (IQR 2–7). Clinical remission rates based on per‐protocol analysis at 10, 26, and 58 weeks were 47% (70/149), 55.8% (48/86), and 64.6% (31/48), respectively. At a median follow‐up of 28 weeks (IQR 10–54) with a discontinuation rate of 39%, the rates of clinical remission, clinical response, corticosteroid‐free remission, and endoscopic improvement were 39.9% (81/203), 54.7% (111/203), and 36.5% (74/203), and 43.5% (10/23), respectively. These rates were comparable between biologic/JAK inhibitor‐naïve and ‐experienced patients. While three patients (1.3%) developed herpes zoster infection, no cases of thrombosis or death were reported.ConclusionsReal‐world data demonstrate favourable clinical and safety outcomes of filgotinib for UC.
Safe suprapancreatic lymph node dissection for gastric cancer with ectopic common hepatic artery
Authors: Toyota Kazuhiro , Ishida Hayato , Mori Masayuki , Okamoto Nobuyuki , Kuraoka Norimasa , Yano Raita , Kobayashi Hironori , Hashimoto Yasushi , Sakashita Yoshihiro , Yokoyama Yujiro , Murakami Yoshiaki , Ishida Hiroshi , Takahashi Shinya , Miyamoto Katsunari 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSuprapancreatic lymph node dissection for patients with gastric cancer in whom the common hepatic artery is located neither at the suprapancreatic margin nor in front of the portal vein is a more difficult procedure than when the common hepatic artery is in a more typical position. There is an increased risk of injury to the vessels that need to be preserved and inadequate lymph node dissection. Measures that have been reported for use in this situation are preoperative diagnosis with three‐dimensional computed tomography angiography, dissection using the portal vain as a guide, and safe exposure of the portal vein with dissection to preserve the nerves at the suprapancreatic margin and in front of the portal vein. We review the literature and report our experience with a patient whose common hepatic artery was not located in the suprapancreatic margin who safely underwent suprapancreatic lymph node dissection using these methods.
Evolution of snake skin: Role of cutaneous tactile corpuscles in Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789)
Authors: Alesci Alessio , Marino Sebastian , Di Fresco Dario , Miller Anthea , Saccardi Laura , Famulari Sergio , Albano Marco , Di Paola Davide , Spanò Nunziacarla , Lauriano Eugenia Rita 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe skin of snakes acts as the first interface between these reptiles and the environment they live in. It plays an important role in the ecology of these organisms, and specialised structures, such as tactile corpuscles, are crucial in the sensing of a wide variety of stimuli. This study, by examining the presence, localisation and colocalisation of serotonin, substance P, PGP 9.5 and tubulin, wants to demonstrate the sensory role that these structures play in the ecology of the Green whip snake Hierophis viridiflavus (Lacépède, 1789). This study presents the first evaluation of nerve and immune molecules (TLR2) in the tactile corpuscles of H. viridiflavius ventral skin, indicating a potential defence role of these structures. These findings provide valuable information on the ecology of snakes, their defence systems, and their evolutionary morphostructural adaptations. Additionally, the identification of these corpuscles could provide valuable support for taxonomic recognition. Furthermore, this study expands the knowledge about stimuli sensing in snakes.
Health care professionals' knowledge and attitudes towards antibiotic prescribing for the treatment of urinary tract infections: A systematic review
Authors: Mwape Angela Kabulo , Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Brown Celia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposePrevious models identify knowledge and attitudes that influence prescribing behaviour. The present study focuses on antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections (UTIs) to describe levels of health care professionals' knowledge and attitude factors in this area and how those levels are assessed.MethodsA systematic search was conducted to identify studies assessing the identified knowledge or attitude factors influencing health care professionals' antibiotic prescribing for urinary tract infections up to September 2022. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Data were extracted about the types of factors assessed, the levels indicated and how those levels were assessed. Data were synthesized using counts, and levels were categorized as ‘poor’, ‘moderate’, ‘high’ or ‘very high’.ResultsSeven studies were identified, six of which relied entirely on closed‐ended items. Levels of knowledge factors assessed were poor, for example, their ‘knowledge of condition’ and ‘knowledge of task environment’ were poor. Levels of the attitude factors assessed varied, for example, while health care professionals expressed moderate confidence in providing optimal patient care and appropriate attitude of fear towards the problem of antibiotic resistance, they expressed a poor attitude of complacency by giving into patient pressure to prescribe an antibiotic.ConclusionsPresent evidence suggests that clinicians have poor levels of knowledge and varying levels of attitudes about antibiotic prescribing for UTIs. However, few studies were identified, and assessments were largely limited to closed‐ended types of questions. Future studies that assess more factors and employ open‐ended question types could better inform future interventions to optimize antibiotic prescribing.
The Emotional Content of Children's Writing: A Data‐Driven Approach
Authors: Dong Yuzhen , Hsiao Yaling , Dawson Nicola , Banerji Nilanjana , Nation Kate 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmotion is closely associated with language, but we know very little about how children express emotion in their own writing. We used a large‐scale, cross‐sectional, and data‐driven approach to investigate emotional expression via writing in children of different ages, and whether it varies for boys and girls. We first used a lexicon‐based bag‐of‐words approach to identify emotional content in a large corpus of stories (N>100,000) written by 7‐ to 13‐year‐old children. Generalized Additive Models were then used to model changes in sentiment across age and gender. Two other machine learning approaches (BERT and TextBlob) validated and extended these analyses, converging on the finding that positive sentiments in children's writing decrease with age. These findings echo reports from previous studies showing a decrease in mood and an increased use of negative emotion words with age. We also found that stories by girls contained more positive sentiments than stories by boys. Our study shows the utility of large‐scale data‐driven approaches to reveal the content and nature of children's writing. Future experimental work should build on these observations to understand the likely complex relationships between written language and emotion, and how these change over development.
Recursive Numeral Systems Optimize the Trade‐off Between Lexicon Size and Average Morphosyntactic Complexity
Authors: Denić Milica , Szymanik Jakub 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuman languages vary in terms of which meanings they lexicalize, but this variation is constrained. It has been argued that languages are under two competing pressures: the pressure to be simple (e.g., to have a small lexicon) and to allow for informative (i.e., precise) communication, and that which meanings get lexicalized may be explained by languages finding a good way to trade off between these two pressures. However, in certain semantic domains, languages can reach very high levels of informativeness even if they lexicalize very few meanings in that domain. This is due to productive morphosyntax and compositional semantics, which may allow for construction of meanings which are not lexicalized. Consider the semantic domain of natural numbers: many languages lexicalize few natural number meanings as monomorphemic expressions, but can precisely convey very many natural number meanings using morphosyntactically complex numerals. In such semantic domains, lexicon size is not in direct competition with informativeness. What explains which meanings are lexicalized in such semantic domains? We will propose that in such cases, languages need to solve a different kind of trade‐off problem: the trade‐off between the pressure to lexicalize as few meanings as possible (i.e, to minimize lexicon size) and the pressure to produce as morphosyntactically simple utterances as possible (i.e, to minimize average morphosyntactic complexity of utterances). To support this claim, we will present a case study of 128 natural languages' numeral systems, and show computationally that they achieve a near‐optimal trade‐off between lexicon size and average morphosyntactic complexity of numerals. This study in conjunction with previous work on communicative efficiency suggests that languages' lexicons are shaped by a trade‐off between not two but three pressures: be simple, be informative, and minimize average morphosyntactic complexity of utterances.
Evaluating the Relative Importance of Wordhood Cues Using Statistical Learning
Authors: Pankratz Elizabeth , Kirby Simon , Culbertson Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIdentifying wordlike units in language is typically done by applying a battery of criteria, though how to weight these criteria with respect to one another is currently unknown. We address this question by investigating whether certain criteria are also used as cues for learning an artificial language—if they are, then perhaps they can be relied on more as trustworthy top‐down diagnostics. The two criteria for grammatical wordhood that we consider are a unit's free mobility and its internal immutability. These criteria also map to two cognitive mechanisms that could underlie successful statistical learning: learners might orient themselves around the low transitional probabilities at unit boundaries, or they might seek chunks with high internal transitional probabilities. We find that each criterion has its own facilitatory effect, and learning is best where they both align. This supports the battery‐of‐criteria approach to diagnosing wordhood, and also suggests that the mechanism behind statistical learning may not be a question of either/or; perhaps the two mechanisms do not compete, but mutually reinforce one another.
Acute cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic responses to resistive breathing: Effect of loading type and intensity
Authors: Pongpanit Karan , Korakot Manta , Nitilap Peerakan , Puplab Nopparat , Charususin Noppawan , Yuenyongchaiwat Kornanong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the acute impact of distinct loading breathing types and intensities on cardiac autonomic function and hemodynamic responses in healthy young adults.MethodsA randomized, crossover trial involved 28 participants who underwent inspiratory resistive breathing, expiratory resistive breathing (ERB) and combined resistive breathing, each at 30% and 60% of maximal respiratory pressures. Data on heart rate variability (HRV) and hemodynamic parameters were collected during each trial.ResultsThe study revealed significant main and interaction effects for both the performed task and the intensity across all measured variables (all p < 0.001). ERB at 60% load demonstrated significantly higher HRV values in the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal RR intervals, the square root of the mean squared difference of successive normal‐to‐normal RR intervals and high‐frequency power, as well as significantly lower values in heart rate, stroke volume, stroke volume index, cardiac output, cardiac index, end‐diastolic volume and end‐diastolic volume index, compared to other loaded protocols (all p < 0.001).ConclusionThese findings highlight the acute effect of type‐specific and load‐dependent resistive breathing on cardiac autonomic and hemodynamic functions, where ERB at 60% intensity showed the most significant cardiovagal modulation while causing the least hemodynamic alterations.
SOX‐1 antibodies positive Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome with occult small cell lung cancer: A case report
Authors: Zhao Liming , He Hongyan , Han Weixin , Meng Yizhe , Kang Lifei , Chen Yanqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) is a rare paraneoplastic neurological syndrome of the neuromuscular transmission. The symptoms often progress slowly and can be misdiagnosed in early stage. Seropositive SOX‐1 antibodies are support for the diagnosis of LEMS and have high specificity for small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this paper, we report a case of a 56‐year‐old man with smoking history who was admitted to hospital with progressive muscle weakness of the proximal legs. LEMS was diagnosed by repetitive nerve stimulation (RNS) testing and seropositive SOX‐1 antibodies. Primary screening with chest computed tomography (CT) and integrated PET/CT did not reveal any tumor. After continuous follow‐up, SCLC was found by chest CT and confirmed with pathological examination 10 months after the diagnosis of LEMS. Long‐term follow‐up and screening for occult SCLC in LEMS patients with positive SOX‐1 antibodies are very important.
First‐in‐human study of JNJ‐67571244, a CD33 × CD3 bispecific antibody, in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome
Authors: Narayan Rupa , Piérola Ana Alfonso , Donnellan William B. , Yordi Antonieta Molero , Abdul‐Hay Maher , Platzbecker Uwe , Subklewe Marion , Kadia Tapan Mahendra , Alonso‐Domínguez Juan Manuel , McCloskey James , Bradford Kathryn , Curtis Martin , Daskalakis Nikki , Guttke Christina , Safer Karim , Hiebert Brett , Murphy Joseph , Li Xiang , Duchin Ken , Esteban Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRelapsed/refractory (r/r) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) outcomes remain poor. A targeted cluster of differentiation (CD)33 × CD3 bispecific antibody, JNJ‐67571244, was assessed to identify the maximum tolerated dose (MTD), recommended phase II dose (RP2D), safety and tolerability, and preliminary clinical activity in patients with r/rAML or r/rMDS. This first‐in‐human, open‐label, phase I, dose‐escalation/dose‐expansion study included patients with r/rAML or r/rMDS who were ineligible for or had exhausted standard therapeutic options. JNJ‐67571244 was administered intravenously or subcutaneously using step‐up dosing until ≥1 discontinuation condition was met. Outcomes included safety/tolerability, preliminary clinical activity, and systemic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. The study was terminated after evaluating 10 dose‐escalation cohorts (n = 68) and before starting dose‐expansion. Overall, 11 (16.2%) patients experienced ≥1 dose‐limiting toxicity; all experienced ≥1 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE; treatment related: 60 [88.2%]); and 64 (94.1%) experienced ≥1 TEAE of Grade ≥3 toxicity (treatment related: 28 [41.2%]). Although some patients had temporary disease burden reductions, no responses were seen. JNJ‐67571244 administration increased multiple cytokines, which coincided with incidence of cytokine release syndrome, infusion‐related reactions, and elevated liver function tests. A prolonged step‐up strategy was tested to improve tolerability, though this approach did not prevent hepatotoxicity. T‐cell activation following treatment suggested target engagement but did not correlate with clinical activity. Safely reaching the projected exposure level for JNJ‐67571244 efficacy was not achieved, thus MTD and RP2D were not determined.
Contextual predictors of self‐management and independence trajectories in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida
Authors: Ridosh Monique M. , Adams William , Payne Allison D. , Hilderbrand Taylor L. , Magaña Fabiola , Sawin Kathleen J. , Holmbeck Grayson N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo examine socioeconomic, condition‐related, and neuropsychological predictors of self‐management trajectories in adolescents and young adults with spina bifida.MethodIn this longitudinal study, participants completed the Adolescent/Young Adult Self‐Management and Independence Scale interview. Socioeconomic status (SES), shunt status, lesion level, and executive functioning were assessed. Growth in self‐management was estimated using linear mixed‐effects models.ResultsParticipants (n = 99) were aged 18 to 27 years. Approximately half (52.5%) were female and White; 15.2% were Black; and 32.3% Hispanic or Latino. Although none of the predictors were associated with growth in self‐management from ages 18 to 27 years (p > 0.05), several factors were associated with the intercept at age 18 years for total self‐management. Higher SES at baseline predicted a higher total self‐management score at age 18 years (b = 0.03, standard error [SE] = 0.01; p < 0.001). On average, participants at age 18 years with a shunt scored lower than those without a shunt (b = −0.90, SE = 0.32; p = 0.01); those with a thoracic lesion scored lower than those with lower lesion levels (lumbar: b = −1.22, SE = 0.34; sacral: b = −1.20, SE = 0.36; p = 0.001 for both). Better parent‐reported and teacher‐reported executive functions predicted higher total self‐management (metacognitive: b = −0.03, SE = 0.01; behavioral regulation: b = −0.04, SE = 0.01; p < 0.05 for both).InterpretationOn average, all participants improved in self‐management over time. Additionally, baseline superiority in self‐management for adolescents and young adults without a shunt, less severe lesions, better executive functions, and higher SES persisted over time.What this paper adds

Higher socioeconomic status at baseline predicted higher self‐management scores at age 18 years.
Participants with a shunt scored lower than those without a shunt.
Participants with a thoracic lesion scored lower than those with other, less severe lesions.
Better parent‐reported and teacher‐reported executive functions predicted higher self‐management scores at age 18 years.
Growth in self‐management was not moderated by socioeconomic, condition‐related, or neuropsychological variables.
The GPR40 novel agonist SZZ15‐11 improves non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease by activating the AMPK pathway and restores metabolic homeostasis in diet‐induced obese mice
Authors: Lei Lei , Gao Xuefeng , Zhai Jiayu , Liu Shuainan , Liu Quan , Li Caina , Cao Hui , Feng Cunyu , Chen Leilei , Lei Liran , Pan Xuan , Li Pingping , Liu Zhanzhu , Huan Yi , Shen Zhufang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimNon‐alcoholic fatty liver is the most common cause of chronic liver disease. GPR40 is a potential therapeutic target for energy metabolic disorders. GPR40 is a potential therapeutic target for energy metabolic disorders. SZZ15‐11 is a newly synthesized GPR40 agonist. In this study, we estimate the potency of SZZ15‐11 in fatty liver treatment.MethodsIn vivo, diet‐induced obese (DIO) mice received SZZ15‐11 (50 mg/kg) and TAK875 (50 mg/kg) for 6 weeks. Blood glucose and lipid, hepatocyte lipid and liver morphology were analysed. In vitro, HepG2 cells and GPR40‐knockdown HepG2 cells induced with 0.3 mM oleic acid were treated with SZZ15‐11. Triglyceride and total cholesterol of cells were measured. At the same time, the AMPK pathway regulating triglycerides and cholesterol esters synthesis was investigated via western blot and quantitative polymerase chain reaction in both liver tissue and HepG2 cells.ResultsSZZ15‐11 was found to not only attenuate hyperglycaemia and hyperlipidaemia but also ameliorate fatty liver disease in DIO mice. At the same time, SZZ15‐11 decreased triglyceride and total cholesterol content in HepG2 cells. Whether examined in the liver of DIO mice or in HepG2 cells, SZZ15‐11 upregulated AMPKα phosphorylation and then downregulated the expression of the cholesterogenic key enzyme 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and inhibited acetyl‐CoA carboxylase activity. Furthermore, SZZ15‐11 promotes AMPK activity via [cAMP]i accumulation.ConclusionThis study confirmed that SZZ15‐11, a novel GPR40 agonist, improves hyperlipidaemia and fatty liver, partially via Gs signalling and the AMPK pathway in hepatocytes.
Cerebral amyloid angiopathy decades after red blood cell transfusions: a report of two cases from a prospective cohort
Authors: Kaushik K. , Wermer M. J. H. , van Etten E. S. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposePatients who underwent red blood cell (RBC) transfusion from donors who later developed multiple spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages (ICHs) have recently been identified to have increased risk of ICH themselves. This increased risk of ICH was hypothesized to be related to iatrogenic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (iCAA) transmission. Two cases are presented who had RBC transfusion as an infant and presented with CAA at a relatively young age decades later.MethodCases were identified by prospectively asking all patients at our CAA outpatient clinic (November 2023 to January 2024) about a medical history with RBC transfusion or history with a high likelihood for RBC transfusion (e.g., hemolytic disease, trauma with massive hemorrhage). Eligible patients were all diagnosed with CAA, CAA with concomitant hypertensive arteriopathy or iCAA, and without hereditary CAA.ResultsBetween November 2023 and January 2024, 2/35 (6%, 95% confidence interval 2%–19%) outpatient clinic patients had a history of RBC transfusion and none had a high likelihood medical history. The cases presented at age 47 and 57 and had already developed severe CAA.ConclusionsRed blood cell transfusion might be a possible mechanism for iCAA; however, further prospective data collection and experimental evidence concerning blood transmission of amyloid‐β are needed.