bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent advances in characterizing the crustal stress field and future applications of stress data: perspectives from North America
Authors: Lundstern Jens-Erik 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The stress field controls patterns of crustal deformation, including which faults are likeliest to cause earthquakes or transmit fluids. Since the 1950s, maps of maximum horizontal stress (
S
Hmax
) orientations have advanced dramatically, and the style of faulting (relative principal stress magnitudes) has recently been mapped in some regions as well. This perspectives paper summarizes developments in characterizing stress orientations and (relative) magnitudes, including new seismic and borehole methods, as well as progress in identifying the causes of stress variations. Despite these advances, adding far more spatiotemporal detail would allow geoscientists to address many of today's key challenges regarding natural hazards, energy development, and geodynamics. In particular, it is critically important to characterize stress heterogeneity at multiple scales while also recognizing the coherent variability of the stress field. The second part of the paper considers how more detailed stress datasets could prove essential to addressing some of the grand questions in geoscience, including deciphering the poorly understood feedbacks between crustal dynamics and surface processes, improving earthquake and eruption forecasts, and determining the origins and shared properties of plate boundaries.
Toward Bias-Agnostic Recommender Systems: A Universal Generative Framework
Authors: Wang Zhidan , Zou Lixin , Li Chenliang , Wang Shuaiqiang , Chen Xu , Yin Dawei , Liu Weidong 
Published: April 2024

User behavior data, such as ratings and clicks, has been widely used to build personalizing models for recommender systems. However, many unflattering factors (e.g., popularity, ranking position, users’ selection) significantly affect the performance of the learned recommendation model. Most existing work on unbiased recommendation addressed these biases from sample granularity (e.g., sample reweighting, data augmentation) or from the perspective of representation learning (e.g., bias-modeling). However, these methods are usually designed for a specific bias, lacking the universal capability to handle complex situations where multiple biases co-exist. Besides, rare work frees itself from laborious and sophisticated debiasing configurations (e.g., propensity scores, imputed values, or user behavior-generating process).

Towards this research gap, in this article, we propose a universal
G
enerative framework for
B
ias
D
isentanglement termed as
GBD
, constantly generating calibration perturbations for the intermediate representations during training to keep them from being affected by the bias. Specifically, a bias-identifier that tries to retrieve the bias-related information from the representations is first introduced. Subsequently, the calibration perturbations are generated to significantly deteriorate the bias-identifier’s performance, making the bias gradually disentangled from the calibrated representations. Therefore, without relying on notorious debiasing configurations, a bias-agnostic model is obtained under the guidance of the bias identifier. We further present its universality by subsuming the representative biases and their mixture under the proposed framework. Finally, extensive experiments on the real-world, synthetic, and semi-synthetic datasets have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed approach against a wide range of recommendation debiasing methods. The code is available at
https://github.com/Zhidan-Wang/GBD
.
Trends in Colorectal Cancer Screening from the National Health Interview Survey: Analysis of the Impact of Different Modalities on Overall Screening Rates
Authors: Ebner Derek W. , Finney Rutten Lila J. , Miller-Wilson Lesley-Ann , Markwat Niels , Vahdat Vahab , Ozbay A. Burak , Limburg Paul J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in adults in the United States. Despite compelling evidence of improved outcomes in colorectal cancer, screening rates are not optimal. This study aimed to characterize colorectal cancer screening trends over the last two decades and assess the impact of various screening modalities on overall colorectal cancer screening rates. Using National Health Interview Survey data from 2005 to 2021, we examined colorectal cancer screening [colonoscopy, multitarget stool DNA (mt-sDNA), fecal occult blood test (FOBT)/fecal immunochemical test, sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography] rates among adults ages 50–75 years (n = 85,571). A pseudo-time-series cross-sectional (pseudo-TSCS) analysis was conducted including a random effects generalized least squares regression model to estimate the relative impact of each modality on changes in colorectal cancer screening rates. Among 50 to 75 year olds, the estimated colorectal cancer screening rate increased from 47.7% in 2005 to 69.9% in 2021, with the largest increase between 2005 and 2010 (47.7%–60.7%). Rates subsequently plateaued until 2015 but increased from 63.5% in 2015 to 69.9% in 2018. This was primarily driven by the increased use of mt-sDNA (2.5% in 2018 to 6.6% in 2021). Pseudo-TSCS analysis results showed that mt-sDNA contributed substantially to the increase in overall screening rates (77.3%; P &lt; 0.0001) between 2018 and 2021. While colorectal cancer screening rates increased from 2005 to 2021, they remain below the 80% goal. The introduction of mt-sDNA, a noninvasive screening test may have improved overall rates. Sustained efforts are required to further increase screening rates to improve patient outcomes and offering a range of screening options is likely to contribute to achieving this goal.

Prevention Relevance:
This retrospective study highlights the importance of convenient stool-based colorectal cancer screening options to achieve the national goal of 80% for overall colorectal cancer screening rates. Empowering screening-eligible individuals with a choice for their colorectal cancer screening tests is imperative.
“A contemporaneidade não me assusta”
Authors: Martinelli Paula 
Published: April 2024

Se em nós persiste a curiosidade por flagrar a gênese, embora o trabalho de Cecilia Almeida Salles tenha-nos posto com a devida clareza e amparo teórico que a origem não é senão um grande momento mítico inatingível, compartilhamos com os leitores de Manuscrítica registros de inestimável valor genético: a correspondência que Loyola enviou a Salles em 1988, após ler o primeiro rascunho de sua tese, defendida em 1990, na PUC-SP, e intitulada Uma criação em processo: Ignácio de Loyola Brandão e ‘Não verás país nenhum’ (SALLES, 1990).
Development and Implementation of an Integrated Preclinical Atherosclerosis Database
Authors: Xiang Rachel R. , Wang Yihua , Shuey Megan M. , Carvajal Brigett V. , Wells Quinn S. , Beckman Joshua A. , Jaffe Iris Z. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Basic scientists have used preclinical animal models to explore mechanisms driving human diseases for decades, resulting in thousands of publications, each supporting causative inferences. Despite substantial advances in the mechanistic construct of disease, there has been limited translation from individual studies to advances in clinical care. An integrated approach to these individual studies has the potential to improve translational success.

METHODS:

Using atherosclerosis as a test case, we extracted data from the 2 most common mouse models of atherosclerosis (ApoE [apolipoprotein E]-knockout and LDLR [low-density lipoprotein receptor]-knockout). We restricted analyses to manuscripts published in 2 well-established journals,
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology
and
Circulation
, as of query in 2021. Predefined variables including experimental conditions, intervention, and outcomes were extracted from each publication to produce a preclinical atherosclerosis database.

RESULTS:
Extracted data include animal sex, diet, intervention type, and distinct plaque pathologies (size, inflammation, and lipid content). Procedures are provided to standardize data extraction, attribute interventions to specific genes, and transform the database for use with available transcriptomics software. The database integrates hundreds of genes, each directly tested in vivo for causation in a murine atherosclerosis model. The database is provided to allow the research community to perform integrated analyses that reflect the global impact of decades of atherosclerosis investigation.

CONCLUSIONS:
This database is provided as a resource for future interrogation of sub-data sets associated with distinct plaque pathologies, cell type, or sex. We also provide the methods and software needed to expand this data set and apply this approach to the extensive repository of peer-reviewed data utilizing preclinical models to interrogate mechanisms of diverse human diseases.
Association Between Chest Compression Pause Duration and Survival After Pediatric In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
Authors: Lauridsen Kasper G. , Morgan Ryan W. , Berg Robert A. , Niles Dana E. , Kleinman Monica E. , Zhang Xuemei , Griffis Heather , Del Castillo Jimena , Skellett Sophie , Lasa Javier J. , Raymond Tia T. , Sutton Robert M. , Nadkarni Vinay M. ,   for the pediRES-Q Investigators
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
The association between chest compression (CC) pause duration and pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest survival outcomes is unknown. The American Heart Association has recommended minimizing pauses in CC in children to <10 seconds, without supportive evidence. We hypothesized that longer maximum CC pause durations are associated with worse survival and neurological outcomes.

METHODS:
In this cohort study of index pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrests reported in pediRES-Q (Quality of Pediatric Resuscitation in a Multicenter Collaborative) from July of 2015 through December of 2021, we analyzed the association in 5-second increments of the longest CC pause duration for each event with survival and favorable neurological outcome (Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category ≤3 or no change from baseline). Secondary exposures included having any pause >10 seconds or >20 seconds and number of pauses >10 seconds and >20 seconds per 2 minutes.

RESULTS:

We identified 562 index in-hospital cardiac arrests (median [Q1, Q3] age 2.9 years [0.6, 10.0], 43% female, 13% shockable rhythm). Median length of the longest CC pause for each event was 29.8 seconds (11.5, 63.1). After adjustment for confounders, each 5-second increment in the longest CC pause duration was associated with a 3% lower relative risk of survival with favorable neurological outcome (adjusted risk ratio, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.95–0.99];
P
=0.02). Longest CC pause duration was also associated with survival to hospital discharge (adjusted risk ratio, 0.98 [95% CI, 0.96–0.99];
P
=0.01) and return of spontaneous circulation (adjusted risk ratio, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.91–0.94];
P
<0.001). Secondary outcomes of any pause >10 seconds or >20 seconds and number of CC pauses >10 seconds and >20 seconds were each significantly associated with adjusted risk ratio of return of spontaneous circulation, but not survival or neurological outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS:
Each 5-second increment in longest CC pause duration during pediatric in-hospital cardiac arrest was associated with lower chance of survival with favorable neurological outcome, survival to hospital discharge, and return of spontaneous circulation. Any CC pause >10 seconds or >20 seconds and number of pauses >10 seconds and >20 seconds were significantly associated with lower adjusted probability of return of spontaneous circulation, but not survival or neurological outcomes.
Coronary Microvascular Function Following Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Honigberg Michael C. , Economy Katherine E. , Pabón Maria A. , Wang Xiaowen , Castro Claire , Brown Jenifer M. , Divakaran Sanjay , Weber Brittany N. , Barrett Leanne , Perillo Anna , Sun Anina Y. , Antoine Tajmara , Farrohi Faranak , Docktor Brenda , Lau Emily S. , DeFaria Yeh Doreen , Natarajan Pradeep , Sarma Amy A. , Weisbrod Robert M. , Hamburg Naomi M. , Ho Jennifer E. , Roh Jason D. , Wood Malissa J. , Scott Nandita S. , Di Carli Marcelo F. 
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific hypertensive disorder associated with an imbalance in circulating proangiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins. Preclinical evidence implicates microvascular dysfunction as a potential mediator of preeclampsia-associated cardiovascular risk.

METHODS:
Women with singleton pregnancies complicated by severe antepartum-onset preeclampsia and a comparator group with normotensive deliveries underwent cardiac positron emission tomography within 4 weeks of delivery. A control group of premenopausal, nonpostpartum women was also included. Myocardial flow reserve, myocardial blood flow, and coronary vascular resistance were compared across groups. sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1) and PlGF (placental growth factor) were measured at imaging.

RESULTS:

The primary cohort included 19 women with severe preeclampsia (imaged at a mean of 15.3 days postpartum), 5 with normotensive pregnancy (mean, 14.4 days postpartum), and 13 nonpostpartum female controls. Preeclampsia was associated with lower myocardial flow reserve (β, −0.67 [95% CI, −1.21 to −0.13];
P
=0.016), lower stress myocardial blood flow (β, −0.68 [95% CI, −1.07 to −0.29] mL/min per g;
P
=0.001), and higher stress coronary vascular resistance (β, +12.4 [95% CI, 6.0 to 18.7] mm Hg/mL per min/g;
P
=0.001) versus nonpostpartum controls. Myocardial flow reserve and coronary vascular resistance after normotensive pregnancy were intermediate between preeclamptic and nonpostpartum groups. Following preeclampsia, myocardial flow reserve was positively associated with time following delivery (
P
=0.008). The sFlt-1/PlGF ratio strongly correlated with rest myocardial blood flow (
r
=0.71;
P
<0.001), independent of hemodynamics.

CONCLUSIONS:
In this exploratory cross-sectional study, we observed reduced coronary microvascular function in the early postpartum period following preeclampsia, suggesting that systemic microvascular dysfunction in preeclampsia involves coronary microcirculation. Further research is needed to establish interventions to mitigate the risk of preeclampsia-associated cardiovascular disease.
Long‐Term Clinical‐Pathologic Results of Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Prehypertrophic Fabry Disease Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Frustaci Andrea , Verardo Romina , Galea Nicola , Alfarano Maria , Magnocavallo Michele , Marchitelli Livia , Sansone Luigi , Belli Manuel , Cristina Mario , Frustaci Emanuela , Russo Matteo Antonio , Chimenti Cristina 
Published: April 2024

Background
The limited ability of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) in removing globotriaosylceramide from cardiomyocytes is recognized for advanced Fabry disease cardiomyopathy (FDCM). Prehypertrophic FDCM is believed to be cured or stabilized by ERT. However, no pathologic confirmation is available. We report here on the long‐term clinical–pathologic impact of ERT on prehypertrophic FDCM.

Methods and Results
Fifteen patients with Fabry disease with left ventricular maximal wall thickness ≤10.5 mm at cardiac magnetic resonance required endomyocardial biopsy because of angina and ventricular arrhythmias. Endomyocardial biopsy showed coronary small‐vessel disease in the angina cohort, and vacuoles in smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes ≈20% of the cell surface containing myelin bodies at electron microscopy. Patients received α‐agalsidase in 8 cases, and β‐agalsidase in 7 cases. Both groups experienced symptom improvement except 1 patients treated with α‐agalsidase and 1 treated with β‐agalsidase. After ERT administration ranging from 4 to 20 years, all patients had control cardiac magnetic resonance and left ventricular endomyocardial biopsy because of persistence of symptoms or patient inquiry on disease resolution. In 13 asymptomatic patients with FDCM, left ventricular maximal wall thickness and left ventricular mass, cardiomyocyte diameter, vacuole surface/cell surface ratio, and vessels remained unchanged or minimally increased (left ventricular mass increased by <2%) even after 20 years of observation, and storage material was still present at electron microscopy. In 2 symptomatic patients, FDCM progressed, with larger and more engulfed by globotriaosylceramide myocytes being associated with myocardial virus‐negative lymphocytic inflammation.

Conclusions
ERT stabilizes storage deposits and myocyte dimensions in 87% of patients with prehypertrophic FDCM. Globotriaosylceramide is never completely removed even after long‐term treatment. Immune‐mediated myocardial inflammation can overlap, limiting ERT activity.
Extracranial Vascular Anomalies Driven by RAS/MAPK Variants: Spectrum and Genotype–Phenotype Correlations
Authors: Schmidt Vanessa F. , Kapp Friedrich G. , Goldann Constantin , Huthmann Linda , Cucuruz Beatrix , Brill Richard , Vielsmeier Veronika , Seebauer Caroline T. , Michel Armin‐Johannes , Seidensticker Max , Uller Wibke , Weiß Jakob B. W. , Sint Alena , Häberle Beate , Haehl Julia , Wagner Alexandra , Cordes Johanna , Holm Annegret , Schanze Denny , Ricke Jens , Kimm Melanie A. , Wohlgemuth Walter A. , Zenker Martin , Wildgruber Moritz ,   for the APOLLON Investigators
Published: April 2024

Background
We aimed to correlate alterations in the rat sarcoma virus (RAS)/mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway in vascular anomalies to the clinical phenotype for improved patient and treatment stratification.

Methods and Results

This retrospective multicenter cohort study included 29 patients with extracranial vascular anomalies containing mosaic pathogenic variants (PVs) in genes of the RAS/mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway. Tissue samples were collected during invasive treatment or clinically indicated biopsies. PVs were detected by the targeted sequencing of panels of genes known to be associated with vascular anomalies, performed using DNA from affected tissue. Subgroup analyses were performed according to the affected genes with regard to phenotypic characteristics in a descriptive manner. Twenty‐five vascular malformations, 3 vascular tumors, and 1 patient with both a vascular malformation and vascular tumor presented the following distribution of PVs in genes: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (n=10), neuroblastoma ras viral oncogene homolog (n=1), Harvey rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (n=5), V‐Raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (n=8), and mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase 1 (n=5). Patients with
RAS
PVs had advanced disease stages according to the Schobinger classification (stage 3–4:
RAS
, 9/13 versus non‐
RAS
, 3/11) and more frequent progression after treatment (
RAS
, 10/13 versus non‐
RAS
, 2/11). Lesions with Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene PVs infiltrated more tissue layers compared with the other PVs including other
RAS
PVs (multiple tissue layers: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene, 8/10 versus other PVs, 6/19).

Conclusions

This comparison of patients with various PVs in genes of the RAS/MAPK pathway provides potential associations with certain morphological and clinical phenotypes.
RAS
variants were associated with more aggressive phenotypes, generating preliminary data and hypothesis for future larger studies.
The tip of the iceberg: A call to embrace anti-localizationism in human neuroscience research
Authors: Noble Stephanie , Curtiss Joshua , Pessoa Luiz , Scheinost Dustin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Human neuroscience research remains largely preoccupied with mapping distinct brain areas to complex psychological processes and features of mental health disorders. While this reductionist and localizationist perspective has resulted in several substantive contributions to the field, it has long been viewed as only a piece of the puzzle. Emerging evidence now empirically demonstrates how a historical reliance on localizationist techniques may underlie recent challenges to reproducibility and translation in human neuroscience. To advance discovery, we must collectively better incorporate complex systems and machine-learning approaches that better capture the multidimensional, dynamic, and interacting nature of the brain. Moreover, we must begin to contend with how to best integrate complementary modalities beyond the brain to better understand complex mental processes.
Venous Thromboembolism in Children and Teenagers Admitted for Trauma: A 5-Year Nationwide Perspective
Authors: Hernandez Jennifer , Quintero Luis A. , Shatawi Zaineb , Ngo Lisa , Romero Dino , Heath Rainya , Redden Anna , Levene Tamar , Lao Oliver , Parreco Joshua P. 
Published: April 2024

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) in pediatric trauma patients is under-investigated. The purpose of this study was to perform an evaluation of the risk factors for VTE after pediatric trauma, including readmissions across the United States. The Nationwide Readmissions Database for 2016-2020 was queried for all patients under the age of 18 years admitted for trauma. 276 670 patients were identified; 2063 (.8%) were diagnosed with VTE. Among those with VTE, 300 (15%) were identified during a readmission. Higher rates of VTE were seen in ages 15-17 years (n = 1,294, 1.3%, P < .001), penetrating injuries (n = 478, .9%, P < .001), and assault (n = 271, 2.7%, P < .001). The strongest risk factor for VTE was prolonged mechanical ventilation (OR 5.5 [4.9-6.3] P < .001). Our study found that a significant portion of post-traumatic VTE in children and teenagers occur during readmissions. A deeper understanding of the risk factors outlined here can guide enhanced clinical protocols, ensuring early detection and prevention of this complication.
Trajectories of intimate partner violence and their relationship to stress among young women in South Africa: An HPTN 068 study
Authors: Kelly Nicole K , Bhushan Nivedita L , Gottfredson O’Shea Nisha , Gómez-Olivé F Xavier , Aiello Allison E , Wagner Laura Danielle , Mall Sumaya , Kahn Kathleen , Pettifor Audrey E , Stoner Marie CD 
Published: April 2024

Background: One in four South African women will experience intimate partner violence (IPV) in their lifetime, potentially increasing their biological stress. In South Africa, limited IPV and stress research has utilized multiple timepoints or examined modifying factors. Cash transfers (CTs) are associated with reduced IPV and stress and may be an intervention target. Aims: We used data-driven methods to identify longitudinal IPV trajectory groups among South African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW), estimate each group’s association with stress, and assess modification by a CT. Methods: A total of 2,183 South African AGYW ages 13 to 24 years from the HIV Prevention Trials Network 068 study were randomized to a CT or control group. Physical IPV was measured five times (2011–2017), and stress was captured once (2018–2019). Stress measures included the Cohen Stress Scale and stress biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP), cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1)). Group-based trajectory modeling identified IPV trajectories; ordinal logistic regression estimated the association between trajectory group and stress. Results: A two-group quadratic trajectory model was identified (higher trajectory group = 26.7% of AGYW; lower trajectory group = 73.3%). In both groups, the probability of IPV increased from ages 13 to 17 years before declining in early adulthood. However, the higher group’s probability peaked later and declined gradually. The higher trajectory group was associated with an increased odds of elevated CRP (OR: 1.41, 95% CI [1.11, 1.80]), but not with other stress measures. The CT modified the relationship with CMV: a positive association was observed among the usual care arm (OR: 1.59, 95% CI [1.11, 2.28]) but not the CT arm (OR: 0.85, 95% CI [0.61, 1.19]). Conclusions: Sustained IPV risk during adolescence was associated with elevated CRP in young adulthood. The relationship between IPV and elevated CMV was attenuated among those receiving a CT, suggesting that CTs could possibly reduce biological stress due to IPV.