bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Dual Annulation Reaction of Alkyl Nitrile‐Containing 1,2,3‐Benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐ones: A Pathway to Access Diversely Polycyclic Quinazolinone Alkaloids
Authors: Thorat Vijaykumar H. , Huang Yong‐Ran , Chao Hao‐Yu , Hsieh Jen‐Chieh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHerein, we report a nickel‐catalyzed intramolecular dual annulation reaction of alkyl nitrile‐containing 1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐4(3H)‐ones to synthesize polycyclic quinazolinones. This catalytic reaction can construct the core structure of polycyclic quinazolinone alkaloids; therefore, we also apply this reaction as the critical step to access fifteen relevant alkaloids to demonstrate efficacy.
Cp*Ir‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation of 2‐Pyridones and 1‐Isoquinolinones with Arylsilanes
Authors: Su Tongxu , Xu Heng , Dong Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA Cp*Ir‐catalyzed C−H arylation of 1‐isoquinolinone and 2‐pyridones with N‐2‐pyridyl as a directing group to afford 6‐phenylpyridin‐2(1H)‐ones and 3‐phenylisoquinolin‐1(2H)‐ones by using arylsilanes is described in this paper. This method tolerates a series of functional groups, such as halide, trifluoromethyl, C=C double bond and offers a synthetic approach to the core structure of protoberberine alkaloids. Several experiments on mechanism studies were conducted to reveal the possible process of this Cp*Ir‐catalytic cycle.
Non‐viral Gene Therapy for Melanoma Using Lysenin from Eisenia Foetida
Authors: Ren Min , Yang Ling , He Liming , Wang Jie , Zhao Wei , Yang Chunli , Yang Shuai , Cheng Hao , Huang Meijuan , Gou Maling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEarthworms, long utilized in traditional medicine, serve as a source of inspiration for modern therapeutics. Lysenin, a defensive factor in the coelom fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida, has multiple bioactivities. However, the inherent toxicity of Lysenin as a pore‐forming protein (PFP) restricts its application in therapy. Here, a gene therapy strategy based on Lysenin for cancer treatment is presented. The formulation consists of polymeric nanoparticles complexed with the plasmid encoding Lysenin. After transfection in vitro, melanoma cells can express Lysenin, resulting in necrosis, autophagy, and immunogenic cell death. The secretory signal peptide alters the intracellular distribution of the expressed product of Lysenin, thereby potentiating its anticancer efficacy. The intratumor injection of Lysenin gene formulation can efficiently kill the transfected melanoma cells and activate the antitumor immune response. Notably, no obvious systemic toxicity is observed during the treatment. Non‐viral gene therapy based on Lysenin derived from Eisenia foetida exhibits potential in cancer therapy, which can inspire future cancer therapeutics.
Ligand Relay for Nickel‐Catalyzed Decarbonylative Alkylation of Aroyl Chlorides
Authors: Wang Tian‐Zhang , Guan Yu‐Qiu , Zhang Tian‐Yu , Liang Yu‐Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTransition metal‐catalyzed direct decarboxylative transformations of aromatic carboxylic acids usually require high temperatures, which limit the substrate's scope, especially for late‐stage applications. The development of the selective decarbonylative of carboxylic acid derivatives, especially the most fundamental aroyl chlorides, with stable and cheap electrophiles under mild conditions is highly desirable and meaningful, but remains challenging. Herein, a strategy of nickel‐catalyzed decarbonylative alkylation of aroyl chlorides via phosphine/nitrogen ligand relay is reported. The simple phosphine ligand is found essential for the decarbonylation step, while the nitrogen ligand promotes the cross‐electrophile coupling. Such a ligand relay system can effectively and orderly carry out the catalytic process at room temperature, utilizing easily available aroyl chlorides as an aryl electrophile for reductive alkylation. This discovery provides a new strategy for direct decarbonylative coupling, features operationally simple, mild conditions, and excellent functional group tolerance. The mild approach is applied to the late‐stage methylation of various pharmaceuticals. Extensive experiments are carried out to provide insights into the reaction pathway and support the ligand relay process.
Ligand Chirality Transfer from Solution State to the Crystalline Self‐Assemblies in Circularly Polarized Luminescence (CPL) Active Lanthanide Systems
Authors: Caffrey David F. , Gorai Tumpa , Rawson Bláithín , Martínez‐Calvo Miguel , Kitchen Jonathan A. , Murray Niamh S. , Kotova Oxana , Comby Steve , Peacock Robert D. , Stachelek Patrycja , Pal Robert , Gunnlaugsson Thorfinnur 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe synthesis of a family of chiral and enantiomerically pure pyridyl‐diamide (pda) ligands that upon complexation with europium [Eu(CF3SO3)3] result in chiral complexes with metal centered luminescence is reported; the sets of enantiomers giving rise to both circular dichroism (CD) and circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) signatures. The solid‐state structures of these chiral metallosupramolecular systems are determined using X‐ray diffraction showing that the ligand chirality is transferred from solution to the solid state. This optically favorable helical packing arrangement is confirmed by recording the CPL spectra from the crystalline assembly by using steady state and enantioselective differential chiral contrast (EDCC) CPL Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (CPL‐LSCM) where the two enantiomers can be clearly distinguished.
Facile Tailoring of Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Förster Resonance Energy Transfer‐Driven Enhancement in Perovskite Photovoltaics
Authors: Liang Xiao , Xia Hai‐lun , Xiang Jin , Wang Fei , Ma Jing , Zhou Xianfang , Wang Hao , Liu Xiao‐Yuan , Zhu Quanyao , Lin Haoran , Pan Jun , Yuan Mingjian , Li Gang , Hu Hanlin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFörster resonance energy transfer (FRET) has demonstrated its potential to enhance the light energy utilization ratio of perovskite solar cells by interacting with metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and perovskite layers. However, comprehensive investigations into how MOF design and synthesis impact FRET in perovskite systems are scarce. In this work, nanoscale HIAM‐type Zr‐MOF (HIAM‐4023, HIAM‐4024, and HIAM‐4025) is meticulously tailored to evaluate FRET's existence and its influence on the perovskite photoactive layer. Through precise adjustments of amino groups and acceptor units in the organic linker, HIAM‐MOFs are synthesized with the same topology, but distinct photoluminescence (PL) emission properties. Significant FRET is observed between HIAM‐4023/HIAM‐4024 and the perovskite, confirmed by spectral overlap, fluorescence lifetime decay, and calculated distances between HIAM‐4023/HIAM‐4024 and the perovskite. Conversely, the spectral overlap between the PL emission of HIAM‐4025 and the perovskite's absorption spectrum is relatively minimal, impeding the energy transfer from HIAM‐4025 to the perovskite. Therefore, the HIAM‐4023/HIAM‐4024‐assisted perovskite devices exhibit enhanced EQE via FRET processes, whereas the HIAM‐4025 demonstrates comparable EQE to the pristine. Ultimately, the HIAM‐4023‐assisted perovskite device achieves an enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.22% compared with pristine devices (PCE of 22.06%) and remarkable long‐term stability under ambient conditions and continuous light illumination.
Multispectral Optoacoustic Tomography Enables In Vivo Anatomical and Functional Assessment of Human Tendons
Authors: Ivankovic Ivana , Lin Hsiao‐Chun Amy , Özbek Ali , Orive Ana , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís , Razansky Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTendon injuries resulting from accidents and aging are increasing globally. However, key tendon functional parameters such as microvascularity and oxygen perfusion remain inaccessible via the currently available clinical diagnostic tools, resulting in disagreements on optimal treatment options. Here, a new noninvasive method for anatomical and functional characterization of human tendons based on multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) is reported. Healthy subjects are investigated using a hand‐held scanner delivering real‐time volumetric images. Tendons in the wrist, ankle, and lower leg are imaged in the near‐infrared optical spectrum to utilize endogenous contrast from Type I collagen. Morphology of the flexor carpi ulnaris, carpi radialis, palmaris longus, and Achilles tendons are reconstructed in full. The functional roles of the flexor digitorium longus, hallicus longus, and the tibialis posterior tendons have been visualized by dynamic tracking during toe extension‐flexion motion. Furthermore, major vessels and microvasculature near the Achilles tendon are localized, and the global increase in oxygen saturation in response to targeted exercise is confirmed by perfusion studies. MSOT is shown to be a versatile tool capable of anatomical and functional tendon assessments. Future studies including abnormal subjects can validate the method as a viable noninvasive clinical tool for tendinopathy management and healing monitoring.
Shear Horizontal Guided Wave Sensors Based on CTGS Piezoelectric Crystal for High‐Temperature Structural Health Monitoring
Authors: Wang Guoliang , Hou Shuai , Xie Linfang , Peng Xiangkang , Li Yanlu , Zhao Xian , Zhang Shujun , Jiang Xiaoning , Yu Fapeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe development of ultrasonic‐guided wave sensors is of great significance for structural health monitoring (SHM). In this work, a shear horizontal (SH) ultrasonic guided wave sensor based on the Ca3TaGa3Si2O14 (CTGS) piezoelectric single crystal is demonstrated. The findings reveal that the CTGS‐based ultrasonic guided wave sensor is proficient in transmitting and receiving pure fundamental SH wave (SH0 wave) along two orthogonal main directions (0° and 90°) over a wide frequency range (100–350 kHz), exhibiting strong response to the SH0 wave. Under the driving voltage of 100 V, the peak‐to‐peak values of the sensor output are 110.8 and 8.0 mV at room temperature and high temperature of 600 °C, respectively. Additionally, the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) of the CTGS‐based SH0 sensor is evaluated to be >18.9 dB even at the elevated temperature of 600 °C. Moreover, the CTGS‐based SH0 sensor showcases its reasonable defect localization ability at temperatures up to 600 °C, demonstrating its great potential for application in the high temperature in‐situ SHM.
Changing Liquid Crystal Helical Pitch with a Reversible Rotaxane Switch
Authors: Chen Sujun , Katsonis Nathalie , Leigh David A. , Patanapongpibul Manee , Ryabchun Alexander , Zhang Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe transmission of chiral information between the molecular, meso and microscopic scales is a facet of biology that remains challenging to understand mechanistically and to mimic with artificial systems. Here we demonstrate that the dynamic change in the expression of the chirality of a rotaxane can be transduced into a change in pitch of a soft matter system. Shuttling the position of the macrocycle from far‐away‐from to close‐to a point‐chiral center on the rotaxane axle changes the expression of the chiral information that is transmitted across length scales; from nanometer scale constitutional chirality that affects the conformation of the macrocycle, to the centimeter scale chirality of the liquid crystal phase, significantly changing the pitch length of the chiral nematic structure.
Enhanced structural, electrical, and electrochemical performance of polyethylene oxides (PEO)‐based polymer electrolytes for solid state K+ ion batteries
Authors: Chapi Sharanappa , Murugendrappa M. V. , Rayar Ashwini , Babaladimath Gangadhar , Raghavendra Narasimha , Yazdi Mohsen Khodadadi , Ryl Jacek , Saeb Mohammad Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFlexible polymer electrolytes with effective electrochemical characteristics must be developed to meet smart electronic technology demands. The current investigation explores the solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) prepared by solution‐casting technique, using polyethylene oxides (PEO) doped with KCl salt in different weight percentages. The effect of the dopant on the chemical interactions and structural, optical, thermal, electrical, and electrochemical properties were studied using various strategies. It was found that the incorporation of KCl salt to PEO results in a three order of magnitude enhancement in ionic conductivity of polymer matrix from 10−9 to 10−6 S cm−1. The PEO doped with 20 wt.% KCl salt exhibited the highest ionic conductivity (4.32 × 10−6 S cm−1) and low activation energy (0.25 eV). According to the thermal analysis, the thermal stability of the films improved as the dopant concentration increased. Further, the electrochemical strength improved with increasing dopant concentration, according to cyclic voltammogram experiments. From the results of all the characterizations, PEO loaded with 20 wt.% KCl SPE system is a suitable candidate for use as an electrolyte in energy storage devices such as solid‐state batteries.
Parametrische Modellierung und generatives tiefes Lernen für den Brückenentwurf
Authors: Kraus Michael A. , Kuhn Sophia V. , Hodel Anna , Bischof Rafael , Maissen Alessandro , Salamanca Mino Luis , Pérez‐Cruz Fernando 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn Anbetracht der erheblichen Umweltauswirkungen des Bauwesens wird die Analyse und v. a. Optimierung der Nachhaltigkeit von Strukturen unter Beibehaltung des etablierten Zuverlässigkeitsniveaus immer wichtiger. Im Hochbausektor existieren erste Werkzeuge zur Lebenszyklusanalyse, diese sind jedoch nicht direkt übertragbar auf Brückentragwerke. Dieser Beitrag fasst die wesentlichen Ansätze und Ergebnisse von aktuellen Forschungsprojekten der Autoren an der ETH zusammen und erläutert insbesondere einen neuen Deep‐Learning‐basierten Ansatz zur Erkundung und Modellierung des Entwurfsraums parametrischer Brückenmodelle und deren Leistungsbewertungen und veranschaulicht die Anwendung für eine Mehrzieloptimierung von Stahlbetonrahmenbrücken. Zunächst werden Daten unter Verwendung eines parametrischen Brückenmodells sowie der Ankoppelung von Analysesoftware synthetisch generiert und anschließend bedingte variationelle Autoencoder (CVAE) als Metamodell trainiert. Der CVAE dient im Rahmen des konzeptionellen Brückenentwurfs als effizienter Co‐Pilot sowohl für die Vorwärts‐ als auch Rückwärtsanalyse. Die mit dem CVAE durchgeführte Sensitivitätsanalyse zeigt Beziehungen zwischen Entwurfsparametern und/oder Leistungskenngrößen sowie Optimierungspotenziale auf. Das hier vorgestellte integrierte Framework besitzt das Potenzial zur Realisierung einer effizienten Brückenplanung unter insbesondere den Kriterien der Nachhaltigkeit und Tragsicherheit und kann problemlos auf andere parametrische Fragestellungen erweitert werden.
Improving goals written for individuals with autism: Preliminary results on assessing meaningfulness and relevance to adulthood
Authors: Bahry Shanna , Gerhardt Peter F. , Weiss Mary Jane , Leaf Justin B. , Ayres Kevin M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn general, individuals with autism spectrum disorder have poor outcomes in adulthood on almost any measure assessed. Poor outcomes, in part, may be related to inadequate planning leading up to adulthood, including inappropriate goal setting, ineffective communication, and inadequate involvement of all decision‐makers needed to inform planning. The skills in the repertoires of individuals on the spectrum have been shown in the research to directly impact the trajectory of outcomes. Yet, at present there is next to no peer‐reviewed literature that identifies evidence‐based procedures to teach practitioners how to write meaningful goals that will positively impact these outcomes. The present study therefore examined the effects of a treatment package aimed at improving the quality of goals written by clinicians and students of applied behavior analysis. Overall, this study showed that for at least some participants, the independent variable improved the quality of skill acquisition goals, as measured by expert and advanced practitioner ratings as well as self‐assessed ratings. Both experiments yielded statistically significant increases in both dependent variables for the experimental group, when compared to the control group. These promising initial findings have implications for practitioners who hope to adequately plan for the future of those they serve by targeting those skills that will positively affect outcomes.
Preparation of photoluminescent nano‐biocomposite nacre from graphene oxide and polylactic acid
Authors: El‐Newehy Mohamed H. , Aldalbahi Ali , Thamer Badr M. , Abdulhameed Meera Moydeen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNano‐biocomposites of inorganic and organic components wereprepared to produce long‐persistent phosphorescent artificial nacre‐like materials. Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA), graphene oxide (GO), and nanoparticles (13–20 nm) of lanthanide‐doped aluminate pigment (NLAP) were used in a simple production procedure of an organic/inorganic hybrid nano‐biocomposite. Both polylactic acid and GO nanosheets were chemically modified to form covalent and hydrogen bonding. The high toughness, good tensile strength, and great endurance of those bonds were achieved by their interactions at the interfaces. Long‐persistent and reversible photoluminescence was shown by the prepared nacre substrates. Upon excitation at 365 nm, the nacre substrates generated an emission peak at 517 nm. When ultraviolet light was shone on luminescent nacres, they displayed a bright green colour. The high superhydrophobicity of the generated nacres was obtained without altering their mechanical characteristics.
Sn‐based chi‐rGO/SnO2 Nanocomposite as an Efficient Electrocatalyst for CO2 Reduction to Formate
Authors: Rende Kumru , Kayan Didem Balun , Colakerol Arslan Leyla , Ergenekon Pınar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning efficient and cost‐effective electrocatalysts in simple ways is very important for energy efficiency. In this sense, nano‐sized materials have been extensively utilized for the development of efficient electrodes for electrochemical CO2 reduction. In the present study, we have developed a Sn/chitosan‐reduced graphene oxide (chi‐rGO)/SnO2 composite electrode via only electrochemical techniques and tested it for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to formate. A bare Sn plate was modified with a reduced graphene oxide layer in the presence of chitosan to get a stable Sn/chi‐rGO composite structure and to get more active sites, thus an efficient reduction process was performed. The surface of the Sn/chi‐rGO composite was further modified by SnO2 nanoparticles via the potentiostatic electrodeposition method at a fixed applied potential of −0.6 V for varying periods. The calculated double‐layer capacitance (Cdl) of the Sn/chi‐rGO/SnO2 electrode was about 80 times larger than the bare Sn plate implying that the coexistence of SnO2 nanoparticles on the (chi‐rGO) structure enhanced the electrochemically active sites. The maximum Faradaic efficiency was recorded as 88 % towards the production of formate at an average current density of −7.36 mAcm−2 at −1.8 V. Electrochemical measurements and the stability test revealed that the resultant Sn/chi‐rGO/SnO2 composite structure behaves as a potential electrode material for efficient CO2 conversion to formate.The study presents a simple and low‐cost electrode preparation procedure including only electrochemical techniques which can be conducted within a very short time and without using extra energy and chemicals/additives.
Enantiomeric separation of thiourea derivatives of naringenin on amylose and cellulose polymeric chromatographic chiral columns
Authors: Ali Imran , Nabti Rekia , Belboukhari Nasser , Sekkoum Khaled , Zaid Mohammed El Amin , Kraim Khairedine , ALOthman Zeid A. , Locatelli Marcello , Demir Ersin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDue to a great demand for amylose and cellulose polymeric chromatographic chiral columns, the enantiomeric separation of thiourea derivatives of naringenin was achieved on the different amylose (Chiralpak‐IB) and cellulose chiral (Chiralcel‐OJ and Chiralcel‐OD‐3R) columns with varied chromatographic conditions. The isocratic mobile phases used were ethanol and methanol, where ethanol/hexane and methanol/hexane were used as gradient mode and were prepared in volume/volume relation. The separation and resolution factors for all the enantiomers were in the range of 1.25 to 3.47 and 0.48 to 1.75, respectively. The enantiomeric resolution was obtained within 12 min making fast separation. The docking studies confirmed the chiral recognition mechanisms with binding affinities in the range of −4.7 to −5.7 kcal/mol. The reported compounds have good anticoagulant activities and may be used as anticoagulants in the future. Besides, chiral separation is fast and is useful for enantiomeric separation in any laboratory in the world.
Patent foramen ovale closure versus drug therapy in patients over 60 years and a follow‐up of 5 years
Authors: Eichelmann Angelika , Kubini Ralf , Nachoski Dejan , Kosinski Christoph , Becker Michael , Aljalloud Ali 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe advantages of patent foramen ovale (PFO) closure as protection from a recurrence of stroke remains controversial compared to drug therapy, especially in patients over 60 years.HypothesisThe aim of the study is to compare recurrence of stroke in patients over 60 years old with PFO closure versus drug therapy alone.MethodsWe included 342 patients over 60 years who suffered a crytopgenic stroke, and were also accepted for a PFO closure. 199 patients refused a PFO closure and were treated with medical therapy alone, whereas 143 patients underwent a PFO closure procedure.ResultsThe mean follow up time was 5.5 ± 1.5 years. All patients in Group B showed persistent shunt in the follow‐up period (n = 199, 100%). In Group A, seven patients were diagnosed with residual shunt during echocardiography examination (5%). A new onset of atrial fibrillation occurred in seven patients in Group A (5%) and six patients in Group B (3%), p = .117. Recurrent stroke occurred in 3 patients in Group A (2%) and 11 patients in Group B (6%), p = .021. One patient died of unknown reason (1%) and two patients were lost due to neurological death (1%) in Group B, whereas no patients in Group A died during the follow‐up period.ConclusionOur results show that strict exclusion of patients over 60 years from PFO closure should be reconsidered. As life expectancies are increasing, patients should be considered for same treatment as younger patients, since the outcomes are improved compared to patients treated with medical therapy alone.
Returning Clinically Relevant Research Results to Participants: Guidelines for Investigators and the IRB
Authors: Waltz Amy , Johnson Bethany , Schwartz Peter H. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIn 2019, the revised Common Rule required informed consent documents for research to include a statement about whether clinically relevant research results would be returned to research participants. While there are national discussions regarding the return of results, these do not provide specific guidance about how institutional review boards (IRBs) should address this issue. Through a year‐long process involving IRB staff and leadership, science and bioethics faculty members, community IRB members, and others, Indiana University's human research protection program created a framework that offers a clear categorization of types of results for researchers to consider returning, provides language for informed consent documents, and describes an active but intentionally limited role for the IRB. In this article, we describe this framework and its rationale as a model for other universities and, more generally, as a model for balancing the need to protect human subjects with efforts to limit the burdens on researchers and the IRB.