bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Indwelling rumino-reticulum bolus radio beacon
Authors: Kath Gary S. , Egerton John R. , Geiger Richard 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A miniature battery-powered radio beacon attached to a stainless steel bolus housing an osmotic pump is described. When the bolus, of sufficient size and density to be retained in the reticulum, is administered to ruminants the radio signal can be received, using a standard AM broadcast receiver up to a range of 1.5 m. The unit allows making a simple and inexpensive verification that the drug delivery system is still within the rumino-reticulum during long-term drug delivery studies and making an external estimation of the internal anatomic location of the device.
Preliminary study of the pharmacokinetics and toxicopathy of deoxynivalenol (vomitoxin) in swine
Authors: Coppock R. W. , Swanson S. P. , Gelberg H. B. , Koritz G. D. , Hoffman W. E. , Buck W. B. , Vesonder R. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Study was made of the pharmacokinetics and toxicopathy of deoxynivalenol (don, vomitoxin) given iv to swine. In the 24 hours after swine were given don, clinical signs of vomiting, diarrhea, muscular weakness, tremors, and twilight coma were similar to those observed with other 12, 13-epoxytrichothecenes. Hypoglycemia and pancreatic islet cell lesions were observed which indicated that don-induced changes in intermediary metabolism may be an insidious aspect of don intoxication. Histopathologic examination of all organ systems revealed pancreatic acinar and islet cell necrosis and mild lympholysis of the mesenteric lymph nodes. The renal excretion of don was altered by iv infusion of saline solution. Pharmacokinetic findings may indicate that don was both secreted and reabsorbed by the renal tubules. The half-life of don ranged from 2.08 to 3.65 hours. Residues of don were not found in skeletal muscle of swine at 24 hours after dosing.
Isolation and identification of caliciviruses from dogs with enteric infections
Authors: Evermann J. F. , McKeirnan A. J. , Smith A. W. , Skilling D. E. , Ott R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Caliciviruses were isolated from 7 dogs and 1 captured coyote with enteritis. There was a high fatality rate in dogs 4 to 16 weeks of age. The occurrence in these dogs of concurrent infection with known enteric pathogens such as Salmonella sp, canine parvovirus, canine coronavirus, and canine rotavirus did not allow making any conclusions regarding the pathogenicity of this newly recognized calicivirus. The caliciviruses were characterized by electron microscopy and were further identified as being closely related to feline calicivirus by immunoelectron microscopy with specific antibody.
Staphylococci in canine urolithiasis: Species identification, using a commercially available tray micromethod
Authors: Case Lisa C. , Ling Gerald V. , Biberstein Ernst L. , Ruby Annette L. , Jang Spencer S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifty-one coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from canine urinary calculi or from the urine of dogs with documented urolithiasis, and 17 coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates from human beings and cattle were identified by a commercially available tray micromethod, as well as by conventional methods. Canine isolates had previously been classified as Staphylococcus aureus on the basis of a positive tube coagulase test. After 5 hours’ incubation, the tray method identified all 51 canine urolithiasis isolates as S intermedius, rather than S aureus. All human and bovine isolates were identified as S aureus. Conventional methods supported these findings.
Arthritis associated with ovine progressive pneumonia
Authors: Cutlip Randall C. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. , Wood Richard L. , Brogden Kim A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chronic nonsuppurative arthritis developed in carpal and tarsal joints of border Leicester sheep that were naturally or experimentally infected with ovine progressive pneumonia (opp) virus. Clinical signs of arthritis began at 1 to 6.2 years of age (1 to 5.7 years after inoculation of opp virus) and slowly progressed in severity until the sheep died or were killed. The joint lesions were characterized by edema, hyperemia, hyperplasia, and necrosis of the synovial membrane; by necrosis and erosion of articular bone; by necrosis and fibrosis of subchondral bone; and by extensive periarticular fibrosis. The opp virus alone was isolated from arthritic joints. In 7 of 14 sheep, the arthritis was associated with interstitial pneumonitis induced by the virus. Therefore, it was concluded that opp virus was the cause of arthritis in this group of sheep.
Single intravenous and multiple intramuscular dose pharmacokinetics and tissue residue profile of gentamicin in sheep
Authors: Brown Scott A. , Riviere J. Edmond , Coppoc Gordon L. , Hinsman Edward J. , Carlton William W. , Steckel Robert R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Single and multiple dose gentamicin regimens were compared in sheep to determine the relevant pharmacokinetic differences. Seven mature sheep were given 10 mg/kg of gentamicin by iv bolus. Serum concentrations were monitored for 19 days. Four weeks after the initial bolus, gentamicin was administered im (3 mg/kg every 8 hours) for 7 days. Ewes were euthanatized and necropsied at 1, 8, and 15 days after termination of the im regimen and the tissues were assayed for gentamicin. Serum concentrations were analyzed using a triexponential equation. The iv kinetic studies revealed an α half-life (t½) of 0.31 ± 0.14 hours, β t½ of 2.4 ± 0.5 hours, and γ t½ of 30.4 ± 18.9 hours. Multiple im dose kinetic studies revealed a β t½ of 2.8 ± 0.6 hours and γ t½ of 82.1 ± 17.8 hours. After multiple dosing, γ t½ was significantly longer than after the single iv bolus (P < 0.05), Twenty-four hour urine collection accounted for 75% to 80% of the total iv dose. Renal cortical gentamicin concentration reached 224 μg/g of tissue and then decreased, with a 90-hour t½. Renal medullary gentamicin concentration reached 18 μg/g with a 42-day t½. After multiple dosing, liver gentamicin concentration reached 11 μg/g and skeletal muscle concentrations were ≤ 0.6 μg/g. Route or duration of administration significantly affected the γ-phase serum concentrations, which may influence gentamicin nephrotoxicosis. The present study also illustrated the complexities in predicting aminoglycoside withdrawal times for food-producing animals before slaughter.
Iron and transferrin in acute experimental Salmonella cholerae-suis infection in pigs
Authors: Kramer Theodore T. , Griffith Ronald W. , Saucke Lois 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of experimental Salmonella cholerae-suis inoculation with a virulent and an avirulent strain on serum iron (si), total iron-binding capacity (tibc), and transferrin (tf) were evaluated.
Inoculation of virulent strain 38 was followed by significant (P < 0.05) decreases of si, tibc, and tf. Exposure to avirulent strain 33 was followed by moderate decreases of si, tibc, and tf. When exposure to avirulent strain 33 was followed by challenge exposure with virulent strain 38, the si, tibc, and tf values remained at initial values or were higher. Negative correlation was observed between rectal temperature and si and tibc values, but was significant (P < 0.0001) only 7 days after inoculation of the virulent strain 38.
Antifungal sensitivity testing for equine keratomycosis
Authors: Coad Christopher T. , Robinson Nettie M. , Wilhelmus Kirk R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We evaluated 31 fungal specimens obtained from equine corneas over a 10-year period, 1973 to 1983. More than half were received in late summer and early autumn, and the number tended to increase in frequency during the 1980s. These isolates included 13 different genera and 20 different species. The prevalent genus was Aspergillus (35%). On the basis of examinations for tube-dilution minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal fungicidal concentrations of 16 fungal isolates, the imidazole antibiotics such as miconazole and ketoconazole consistently showed the lowest geometric mean titers for filamentous fungi. Because fungal sensitivities varied considerably among different species in vitro sensitivity testing is suggested as an aid in the determination of optimal therapy.
Cross-reactivity of a monoclonal antibody with bovine, equine, ovine, and porcine peripheral blood B lymphocytes
Authors: Lewin Harris A. , Calvert C. Chris , Bernoco Domenico 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ficoll-thrombin purified suspensions of bovine, equine, ovine, and porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes were fractionated on nylon-wool columns. The percentages of surface immunoglobulin (SIg+)-bearing lymphocytes in the adherent (B-cell enriched) and nonadherent (T-cell enriched) fractions were determined for individual animals using fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated species-specific anti-Ig sera. Subsequently, the human leukocyte antigen DR-specific monoclonal antibody, H4, was tested for its ability to recognize a cross-reactive antigen on the fractionated lymphocytes, using the microcytotoxicity technique. The H4 plus complement killed a percentage of lymphocytes equivalent to the percentage of SIg+ lymphocytes in the adherent and nonadherent fractions.
In a parallel experiment, a 2 fluorochrome technique was used to visualize bovine lymphocytes that were SIg+ and H4+. Lymphocytes that were SIg+ also stained with ethidium bromide (orange fluorescence) after complement-mediated cytotoxicity. Seemingly, H4 recognizes an evolutionarily conserved major histocompatibility complex encoded class-II-like determinant on the B lymphocytes of cattle, horses, sheep, and swine.
Base excess as a prognostic and diagnostic indicator in cows with abomasal volvulus or right displacement of the abomasum
Authors: Simpson D. F. , Erb H. N. , Smith D. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The case records of 102 cows with abomasal volvulus and 71 cows with right-side displacement of the abomasum (rda) were examined to determine whether the preoperative base-excess concentration of the extracellular fluid could be used both as a prognostic indicator for postoperative recovery in cattle with abomasal volvulus and as an aid in differentiating between abomasal volvulus and rda. The survival rate of cows with abomasal volvulus decreased as the base excess concentration decreased (P = 0.08); the lowest survival rate was observed in cows with base excess ≤ −0.1 mEq/L. There was a significant difference (0.01 < P < 0.025) among base excess ranges between abomasal volvulus and rda. All cows with preoperative base-excess concentrations ≤ −5.0 mEq/L had abomasal volvulus, rather than rda.
Effect of hydrocortisone on circulating lymphocyte numbers and their mitogen-induced blastogenesis in lambs
Authors: Collins Michael T. , Suàrez-Güémes Francisco 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of hydrocortisone on the number of circulating lymphocytes and their blastogenic response was studied in 20 feedlot lambs given combinations of 3 treatments: hydrocortisone (25 mg/kg of body weight, 4 times a day, im), feed changes (100% roughage to 90% concentrate over a 6-day period), and oral inoculation of Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T (109 to 1011 bacteria/day via stomach tube) to develop a model for reproduction of septicemic pasteurellosis.
Hydrocortisone caused lymphopenia and inhibited the blastogenic response of peripheral blood lymphocytes to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A mitogens. A synergistic effect was observed between hydrocortisone injections and feed changes resulting in higher than expected serum hydrocortisone concentrations and lower circulating lymphocyte counts. Seemingly, stress-induced increases in serum hydrocortisone concentrations cause suppression of the immune response of feedlot lambs. The combined effect of feed changes and stress on the immune response of lambs may explain the role of these 2 factors in the pathogenesis of septicemic pasteurellosis.
Delayed-type hypersensitivity responses induced by bovine colostral components
Authors: Radosevich Jeanette K. , Scott Gerald H. , Olson George B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Transfer factor-type substances obtained from leukocytic cells and fluid portions of bovine colostrum caused effective passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses across species barriers. Passive transfer of Brucella abortus sensitivity was obtained with equal regularity when using components derived from peripheral blood and colostrum of dams sensitized at 3 and 9 months of age. Colostral feedings to calves caused the passive transfer of delayed-type hypersensitivity as early as 2 days after parturition. The findings indicated that colostral components were important in the process of cell-mediated immunity.
Dermal responses to Ostertagia ostertagi in Ostertagia ostertagi- and Cooperia punctata-inoculated calves
Authors: Snider Theron G. , Klesius Phillip H. , Haynes T. Barry 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Calves harboring patent Ostertagia ostertagi or Cooperia punctata were given intradermal injections of O ostertagi 3rd-stage larval antigen. The initial injections were followed 30 days later by a 2nd series of injections. Skin thickness was measured at injection sites for 72 hours after injection. Selected injection sites including saline solution control sites were biopsied at 30 minutes, at 3, 24, 48, and 72 hours, and at 30 days after injection.
After the 1st series of injections, there was a clear distinction in dermal reactions between O ostertagi-inoculated calves and C punctata-inoculated calves; after 24 hours, reactions were not seen in the C punctata-inoculated calves. Marked dermal reactions occurred in the O ostertagi-inoculated calves. The reactions at 30 minutes and 3 hours were characterized by slight-to-extensive infiltration of neutrophils and dermal edema. The 24-hour cellular reaction was principally due to neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration with edema and necrosis. Reactions at 48 to 72 hours were due to eosinophils and perivascular accumulations of macrophages and lymphocytes. Necrosis, neutrophils, and edema were present in foci where fragments of nematodes were located. On reinjection, a clear distinction in dermal reactions between calves was not seen based on the type of nematode infection.
Thirty days after dermal inoculation, large nodules developed at the site of the initial antigen injection. The nodules were characterized by marked intradermal proliferation of lymphocytes in a follicular pattern with occasional macrophages and rare multinucleated giant cells.
Bovine herpesvirus-1 infection of cattle; Kinetics of antibody formation after intranasal exposure and abortion induced by the virus
Authors: Guy James S. , Potgieter Leon N. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The kinetics of antibody formation in Holstein heifers after primary and secondary intranasal inoculation of bovine herpesvirus-1 (bhv-1) and after bhv-1-induced abortion was determined. Sera were fractionated by gel filtration and ion-exchange chromatography. The antibody activity within serum immunoglobulin (Ig) isotypes was assessed, using a plaque-reduction neutralization assay.
The primary immune response to bhv-1 infection was characterized by the appearance of IgM and IgG antibodies in serum by postinoculation day (pid) 7. Maximal IgG antibody activity occurred at pid 35 in nonpregnant heifers and at pid 14 in pregnant heifers. Thereafter, IgG antibody activity declined slowly in both groups of heifers. Maximal IgM antibody activity occurred at pid 14 in both groups of heifers and declined rapidly thereafter. The IgG antibody activity during primary immune responses was restricted to the IgG1 subclass.
Secondary responses were characterized by anamnestic IgG antibody responses. Antibody activity was present within the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses during secondary immune responses, but the increase in antibody activity during this period was primarily in the IgG2 subclass. Secondary IgM antibody formation was elicited by abortion induced by the intra-amniotic inoculation of bhv-1, but not by reexposure by the intranasal route.
Abortion occurred in 1 heifer 28 days after intranasal bhv-1 inoculation. Abortion in this heifer was not associated with a secondary antibody response.
The nature of bhv-1 antigenic exposure in the bovine determined the relative distribution of anti-bhv-1 antibody activity in serum IgM, IgG1, and IgG2. The formation of IgM antibody, with the exception of secondary intranasal exposure, indicated recent bhv-1 antigenic exposure. Primary immune responses were differentiated from secondary immune responses by the presence of IgGl antibody and by the absence of IgG2 antibody.
Impairment of sympathetic pulmonary vasoconstriction by 3-methylindole in cattle
Authors: Perry Michael B. , Atwal Onkar S. , Eyre Peter 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixteen Holstein cattle allotted into 4 groups (4 cattle/group) were each given a single oral dosage of 0.2 g of 3-methylindole (3MI)/kg of body weight. The groups were killed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours, respectively, after 3MI administration. Comparison of clinical signs, pathologic pulmonary lesions, and in vitro pulmonary artery responses to pharmacologic stimuli was made between the 4 treated groups and 8 control Holstein cattle of similar age.
Clinical signs of pulmonary distress first appeared 8 to 12 hours after 3MI administration. After 20 hours, clinical signs included dyspnea, moderate depression, and a marked expiratory grunt. A partial remission of these clinical signs was seen between 30 and 45 hours after 3MI administration. After remission, the cattle had clinical signs of severe dyspnea and depression and expiratory grunts were more pronounced.
Pathologic pulmonary lesions, including heavy rubbery lungs, dilated interlobular septae, and subplural air bullae characteristic of pulmonary edema and interstitial emphysema were observed. The lungs of treated cattle did not collapse when the thorax was incised at necropsy.
In vitro pulmonary artery strips contracted dose dependently to norepinephrine (ne). Group I tissues (12 hours after 3MI administration) responded similarly to control samples. Group II tissues (24 hours after 3MI administration) had a significant inhibition (P < 0.05) in response to ne stimulation as compared with controls, Group III samples (48 hours after 3MI administration) had a return to normal in ne sensitivity, which correlated positively with the remission of clinical signs as observed just before euthanasia of group III cattle. Group IV tissues (72 hours after 3MI administration) had a marked (P < 0.05) inhibition in ne sensitivity that correlated with severe clinical signs.
The concurrent clinical remission and return in α-adrenoceptor functions may indicate that the pulmonary homeostatic sympathoadrenal response to 3MI is a significant component in 3MI-induced pulmonary disease. The data indicated that the pulmonary vasculature may be an important primary target of 3MI-induced pneumotoxicosis.
Pathologic changes associated with induced small intestinal strangulation obstruction and nonstrangulating infarction in horses
Authors: Sullins Kenneth E. , Stashak Ted S. , Mero Kendall N. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Arteriovenous (ischemic strangulation obstruction, iso) or venous (hemorrhagic strangulation obstruction, hso) occlusions were created in the jejunum of 5 anesthetized horses and were left in situ for 1-, 2-, or 3-hour intervals. Segments were evaluated grossly for color, thickness, and motility. The horses were euthanatized, and the degree of mucosal slough, edema, congestion, and hemorrhage was determined histologically.
Segments subjected to iso became dark, but did not contain edema or hemorrhage. Segments subjected to hso were characterized by progressive congestion, edema, and hemorrhage especially in the mucosal layer. Histologically, the mucosal epithelium was affected approximately equally by iso or hso, although more gross changes were evident in segments subjected to hso.
Parasites in lungs of dead equids in Kentucky; Emphasis on Dictyocaulus arnfieldi
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Tolliver S. C. , Drudge J. H. , Swerczek T. W. , Crowe M. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prevalence of natural infections of parasites from the lungs of 488 dead Thoroughbreds in Kentucky was investigated. The horses varied from 1 to 32 years of age; 419 horses were from 215 farms and 69 horses were from 68 individual sources for which a specific farm was not identified. Examinations of the lungs were made from Mar 1, 1983 through Feb 29, 1984.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi was recovered from 56 (11%) of the horses. Other parasites found were larvae of Parascaris equorum in 37 (8%) and of Habronema/Draschia in 67 (14%) of the horses. The possible effect of ivermectin treatment on the prevalence of D arnfieldi in the lungs is discussed.
Presence of D arnfieldi in 20 other selected dead equids was also investigated.
Variation of fiber types in the triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris of horses
Authors: Hoven R. van den , Wensing Th. , Breukink H. J. , Meijer A. E. F. H. , Kruip T. A. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The distribution of type-I and type-II fibers in 9 different parts of the musculi triceps brachii, longissimus dorsi, gluteus medius, and biceps femoris was studied to determine whether biopsies from these muscles give reliable information. All 4 investigated muscles were not homogeneous in their fiber-type distribution. Large differences existed among different muscle parts. The percentage of type-I fibers increased toward the deeper and cranial parts of the muscles. In the same zone of the gluteus muscle, differences of 30% were found for type-I fibers. Therefore, results obtained by biopsies of muscles must be interpreted with caution.
Simultaneous cecostomy and ileal cannulation with a modified flexible T cannula in gilts
Authors: Hamilton Calvin R. , Dove Charles R. , Zinn Gene M. , Veum Trygve L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A surgical procedure was developed for the simultaneous cannulation of the ileum and fistulation of the cecum in breeding-age gilts to study the effects of enteric microflora on the nutritional requirements and/or status of the pig. Flexible T-shaped cannulae were made from plastic tubing, placed surgically in the caudal part of the ileum, and exteriorized in the right paralumbar fossa. After the exteriorization of the cecal apex in the right flank area, a cecal fistual was made caudoventral to the ileal cannula. Prececocolonic contents could be collected from the ileal cannulae and/or substances could be infused into the cecum. The flexible cannulae were light weight (35 g), were easily replaced when dislodged with minimal tissue trauma and minimal discomfort to the animal, and had good animal tolerance and patency in long-term experiments. The cecal fistulae allowed the direct introduction of various substances into the cecum. There was little external projection from the abdominal wall, and the fistulae were subject to minimal leakage. The procedure did not adversely affect the subsequent health or performance of the 43 gilts used in the experiment. Postmortem examination of gilts euthanatized 12 to 26 weeks postoperatively revealed normal tissue adhesions around the surgical sites with no detrimental effects on the gastrointestinal tract.