bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Computer‐Assisted Adult Learning and the Community College Response
Authors: Heermann Barry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractInstitutions that try to serve adult learners in the 1980s and 1990s with 1960 style educations will be diminishing service to adults, communities, and the nation. The preoccupation with new programs of study must give way to new ways of learning highly individualized, self paced, computer‐assisted experiences that respond to adults' changing needs.
Stent thrombosis following the STAR technique in a complex RCA chronic total occlusion
Authors: Erlich Ilana , Strauss Bradley H. , Butany Jagdish 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFour drug‐eluting stents were deployed in the right coronary artery (RCA) of a symptomatic young woman who presented with a chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the RCA. The occlusion was successfully crossed using the recently described STAR technique. However, the patient died suddenly 15 hr later. Autopsy demonstrated a long segment of subintimal stenting in the proximal and mid RCA that was intraluminal in the distal vessel. Acute stent thrombosis in the subintimal stents was responsible for sudden death. This case highlights the potential risk of performing extensive subintimal stenting for CTO. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ad Hoc percutaneous coronary interventions in patients with stable coronary artery disease—A study of prevalence, safety, and variation in use from the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC‐NCDR®)
Authors: Krone Ronald J. , Shaw Richard E. , Klein Lloyd W. , Blankenship James C. , Weintraub William S. ,   on behalf of the American College of Cardiology—National Cardiovascular Data Registry®, Bethesda, MD
Published: October 2006

AbstractObjective: To utilize the American College of Cardiology National Cardiovascular Data Registry (ACC‐NCDR®) to monitor the performance and safety of ad hoc PCIs. Background: The performance of ad hoc PCI remains controversial. Patients' preference, cost, and vascular access issues favor an ad hoc strategy. Adequate time for thoughtful decision‐making, scheduling complexity, informed consent, and physician reimbursement favor PCI on a subsequent day. Methods: We analyzed results in 68,528 patients with stable angina entered in the ACC‐NCDR from 2001–2003. Ad hoc PCI was evaluated in many clinical and nonclinical subgroups. A multivariable analysis was performed to determine whether ad hoc PCI had an independent relationship with complications or procedure success. Results: Overall, 60.6% of patients underwent ad hoc PCI. There was no difference in ad hoc PCI mortality, renal failure, or vascular complications from staged PCI. A lower percentage of patients at high vs. low risk and with vs. without renal failure underwent ad hoc PCIs (58.6% vs.63.0% and 50.7% vs. 60.9% respectively). There was wide variation in the performance of ad hoc PCIs according to payer (70.2–60.3%), hospital PCI volume (67–50.2%), hospital owner (89.7–59.6%), and geographic area (75.5–47.4%). Ad hoc PCI per se was not independently related to PCI success or complications. Conclusions: PCI success was related to patient/lesion related factors and not to the performance of ad hoc PCIs per se. Although ad hoc PCI can be performed in more patients than at present, this strategy will never be possible in all patients at all times. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalytic Enantioselective Domino Oxa‐Michael/Aldol Condensations: Asymmetric Synthesis of Benzopyran Derivatives
Authors: Sundén Henrik , Ibrahem Ismail , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Eriksson Lars , Córdova Armando 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe first direct organocatalytic asymmetric domino oxa‐Michael/aldol condensation reaction is presented. The unprecedentedly simple, chiral, pyrrolidine‐catalyzed asymmetric domino reactions between salicylic aldehyde derivatives and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes proceed with high chemo‐ and enantioselectivities to give the corresponding chromene‐3‐carbaldehyde derivatives in high yields and witheevalues of 83–98 %.
Enantioselective Michael Addition of α‐Substituted Cyanoacetates to Vinyl Ketones Catalyzed by Bifunctional Organocatalysts
Authors: Liu Tian‐Yu , Li Rui , Chai Qian , Long Jun , Li Bang‐Jing , Wu Yong , Ding Li‐Sheng , Chen Ying‐Chun 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA highly enantioselective Michael addition of α‐substituted cyanoacetates to vinyl ketones was accomplished in the presence of simple bifunctional thiourea/tertiary amine organocatalysts. A number of α‐aryl or alkyl cyanoacetates have been successfully applied to give multifunctional compounds with an all‐carbon‐substituted quaternary stereocenter in excellent enantioselectivities (82–97 % ee) and yields (61–99 %). The optical pure adducts could be smoothly converted to variously structured β2,2‐amino acid esters. Moreover, an interesting reaction model involving multiple hydrogen‐bonding interactions amongst the thiourea/tertiary amine catalyst and the reactants has been proposed based on the absolute configuration of the adduct and computational studies.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Molecular Bismuth Phosphorus Compounds Containing Bi2 Units with Bi–Bi Single and Double Bonds
Authors: von Hänisch Carsten , Nikolova Donna 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe compound [BiP(SiPh2tBu)2]2 (1), featuring a Bi–Bi double bond and two Bi–P single bonds, has been obtained from thereaction of BiCl3 with the lithium phosphanide LiP(SitBuPh2)2.As a byproduct of this transmetallation/redox reaction the diphosphane P2(SitBuPh2)4 (2) has been isolated. This compound shows a remarkably short P–P bond due to π interactions of the phosphorus atoms. The reaction of the dilithium phosphandiide Li2PSitBuPh2 with BiCl3 yielded the bicyclic compound [Bi2(PSiPh2tBu)4] (3), exhibiting a Bi–Bi single bond. NMR studies of 3 show the availability of four different P atoms, as observed in the crystal structure. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Editors' notes
Authors: Mallette Bruce I. , Howard Richard D. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIntercollegiate athletics in the United States have been a part of college life for over 100 years. Athletics have become such a dominant force in higher education that, outside of academe, an institution's recognition is often a function of its athletic accomplishments. While their history is long and proud, college sports have also been the victim of scandal, mismanagement, and a will to win at any cost. The prestige that a successful athletics program brings to an institution, coupled with the financial incentives provided by television in the past decade, has led to allegations that ‘big‐time athletics have lost their bearings.’ As a result, the integrity of intercollegiate athletics, as well as higher education itself, is being questioned from governing bodies of local campuses to the U.S. Congress.
Institutional researchers' roles in the twenty‐first century
Authors: Matier Michael W. , Clinton Sidle C. , Hurst Peter J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBecause of a fundamental shift in the way decisions are being made in colleges and universities, institutional researchers can no longer be content to merely collect, analyze, and disseminate information to support decision making. In addition, institutional researchers must also become information architects, change agents, and consultants of choice within their respective institutions.
Rabbit lung after inhalation of lithium chloride
Authors: Johansson Anne , Camner Per , Curstedt Tore , Jarstrand Connie , Robertson Bengt , Urban Teresa 
Published: October 2006

AbstractRabbits were exposed to aerosols of lithium chloride in metal concentrations of 0.6 and 1.9 mg/m3 (mass median aerodynamic diameter of 1 μm) for 4–8 weeks, 5 days/week, 6 h/day. The lungs were studied by light and electron microscopy, with particular reference to inflammatory changes, structure of alveolar macrophages and alveolar epithelial cells. Macrophages recovered by lung lavage were studied by light and electron microscopy and their oxidative metabolic activity was measured. The content of phospholipids was analysed in lung tissue. Exposure to lithium produced no significant effects. It thus seems that Li+ is less toxic to the lung than the other metals investigated with the same test system, e.g. Ni2+, Cd2+, Co2+, Cr3+ and Cr6+.
Synthèse de l'amino‐5 tétrazole 14C
Authors: Nam Nguyen Hoang , Xuong Nguyen Dat , Herbert M. , Pichat L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractL'action de la cyanamide 14C sur L'azothydrate de sodium, en solution aqueuse acide à 70‐75 °C, fournit L'amino‐5 tétrazole 14C. Après purification sur résine échangeuse Dowex 50‐ W‐12, le rendement radioactif est de 76% par rapport à Ba 14CO3. L'activité spécifique est de 21,8 mCi/mM. On récupère comme produit secondaire de L'urée 14C avec un rendement de 11% par rapport à Ba 14CO3.
A convenient procedure for the biosynthesis and isolation of 35S‐adenosylmethionine
Authors: Schlenk F. , Zydek C. R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract35S‐(5′‐Deoxyadenosine‐5′)‐L‐methionine (35S‐adenosylmethionine, C15H23N6O5S+) has been isolated in useful amounts from yeast cells which were cultivated in a medium containing 35SO—‐4. Procedures for purification and analysis are reported.
Tritiations by HTO‐promoted aluminium chloride. III1. Uracil, adenine, glycine, di‐ and triglycine
Authors: Mǎntescu C. , Genunche A. , Balaban A. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTritiations by means of tritiated water in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3 in dichloroethane were extended to products which are insoluble in the reaction medium. In the tritiation of uracil and adenine, the molar ratios substrate : HTO : AlCl3 were varied systematically. It appears that the highest specific activities are obtained with small amounts of AlCl3 (less than one mole per mole of substrate).
Preparation of L‐Djenkolic acid‐3H
Authors: Brody K. R. , Spencer R. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractL‐djenkolic acid (a cystine analogue with an ‐S‐CH2‐S‐ linkage) was tritiated by the Wilzbach technique. Tritiation was accompanied by considerable degradation as revealed by discoloration and multiple chromatographic spots. Using a modification of a literature method for djenkolic acid synthesis, the crude material was reprocessed for purification. A 60% yield of the pure tritiated amino acid was obtained (purity checked by elemental analysis, lack of ‐SH groups and chromatographic behavior). The levo configuration was maintained as shown by the optical rotation. The tritiated compound was unstable. Cold and an inert atmosphere did not offer significant stabilization.
Isotopic exchange of active methyl hydrogens. IV(1). Preparation of 1,3‐di‐d3‐methylnaphthalene, d9‐mesitylene and d9‐mesitylene derivatives from 2,4,6‐tri‐d3‐methylpyrylium perchlorate
Authors: Barabas A. , Gǎrd Eugenia , Vasilescu Alice , Balaban A. T. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStarting from the easily available 2,4,6‐tri‐d3‐methylpyrylium perchlorate, the following methyl‐deuterated compounds were prepared : 1,3‐dimethylnaphthalene III, nitromesitylene IV, mesidine V, mesitylenediazonium hydrogen sulphate VI, mesitylene VII, mesitol VIII and I‐mesityleneazo‐2‐naphthol IX. Their infrared spectra and deuterium analyses show that some dedeuteration occurs during the reaction of pyrylium salts.A new naphthalene synthesis from benzylmagnesium chloride and 1,3‐diketones is reported.
Synthese von N‐(Methyl‐14C)‐valin
Authors: Elias H. , Chang W. S. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractN‐(Methyl‐14C)‐valin wurde durch Methylierung von N‐Tosyl‐valin mit Methyljodid‐14C dargestellt. Die chemische Ausbeute bzw. radiochemische Ausbeute lag bei 44% bzw. 23 %. Die spezifische Aktivität lag bei 0,125 mCi/mM. (=specifische Aktivität der verwendeten Methyljodids).
Synthesis and enzymatic resolution of DL‐2‐phenylglycine‐1‐14C
Authors: Billings Ruth , Sullivan Hugh R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDL‐2‐Phenylglycine‐1‐14C was prepared in good yield employing a modified Strecker synthesis. The resolution of DL‐2‐phenylglycine into its pure enantiomorphs was accomplished by the stereoselective enzymatic hydrolysis of the N‐chloroacetyl derivative of the L‐optical isomer using hog kidney acylase.
Preparation of thymidine and deoxyuridine labelled with 14C in base
Authors: Filip Jiři , Zdeněkňejedlÿ  
Published: October 2006

AbstractDeoxyribosides of thymine and uracil labelled with 14C of specific activity identical with that of the original radioactive base were prepared by single‐step enzymatic synthesis. When employing 2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐riboso‐l‐phosphate of dicyclohexylamine salt, the enzymatic preparation isolated from Escherichia coli B gives satisfactory yields in the synthesis of both deoxyribonucleosides. Studies were made of the time course of reactions, as well as of the effects of some components on the yields. It has been found that the enzymatic preparation from Escherichia coli B facilitates the transfer of the deoxyribosylase group between thymine and thymidine. The employed technique separation allows preparation of radioactive uracil and thymine deoxyribosides of a radiochemical purity exceeding 99 per cent.
Trans‐n‐deoxyribosylase activity in dairy cultures of lactobacillus helveticus
Authors: Nejedlý Z. , Ekl J. , FíLíp J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn excellent communication dealing with the enzymatic preparation of deoxyribonu‐. cleosides labelled with 14C in the base, using a crude enzyme extract of Lactobacillus helveticus has been published in this Journal (1) quite recently by Cardinaud and Viswanthan. The most important result was a high degree of conversion of pyrimidine bases to the corresponding deoxyribosides.In connection with this work we wish to present some observations from the same field made in our Laboratory (2). It was the purpose of our work to isolate the enzyme trans‐N‐deoxyribosylase from a Lactobacillus helveticus culture grown just in sterile milk without any additives, to test the enzymatic activity of the isolated enzyme and its suitability for rapid enzymatic synthesis of deoxyribonucleosides labelled with radiocarbon 14C.
Automatic radio‐chromatographic separation and determination of chemically synthesized 1,2‐14C‐phosphorylethanolamine
Authors: Porcellati G. , di Jeso F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn automatic radio‐chromatographic method for the purification, separation and quantitative determination of chemically synthesized 14C‐labelled phosphorylethanolamine is described. The chromatographic effluent from a cationic ion‐exchange resin is automatically radio‐determined by passage through a flow‐cell filled with anthracene crystals and fitted on an automatic liquid scintillation spectrometer. The principal features of the system, and the methods used for the determination of the radioactivity content are also described.The yield of the radioactive product has been calculated to be about 75%, the rapidity of the whole process satisfactory. The processing which has been described may be applied also for the synthesis, purification and separation of other chemically synthesized 14C‐labelled “phospholipid phosphoric esters”.
Determination of the pattern of labelling of carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 and 6 of D‐[U‐14C] glucose by chemical methods
Authors: Turner J. C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUniformly labelled D‐[14C] glucose obtained from Canna Indica and from Chlorella was converted into several derivatives and degraded by chemical methods to yield products that separately contained carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 and 6. The specific activities of the various compounds were determined by liquid scintillation counting and from the results the pattern of labelling in carbon atoms 1, 2, 3 and 6 of the two glucose samples was obtained. The labelling was found to be uniform within the limits of experimental error.
Preparation of tritiated water, sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid
Authors: Dugger H. A. , Schwarz H. J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA safe, efficient and inexpensive method for preparing small quantities of tritiated water, sulfuric acid and trifluoroacetic acid is described. The preparation involves introducing the preassayed tritium sample into a carrier gas, 0.5% hydrogen in air, passing over a palladium catalyst heated to 800° C. The resulting tritiated water is gradually eluted from the catalyst and collected in suitable traps.
Synthesis of N‐(Mercaptomethyl)‐Phthalimide‐Carbonyl‐14C‐S‐(O,O‐Dimethylphosphorodithioate)
Authors: Leaffer M. A. , Skinner W. A. , Menn J. J. , McBain J. B. , Fancher L. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractN‐ (mercaptomethyl) ‐phthalimide‐carbonyl‐14C‐S‐ (O,O‐Dimethylphosphorodithioate) has been synthesized. The starting material was carboxyl labelled o‐toluic acid which was oxidized to o‐phthalic acid. Phthalimide (carbonyl‐14C) was prepared from o‐phthalic acid by subliming the ammonium salt of the acid. When 14C phthalimide was reacted with aqueous formaldehyde, N‐hydroxymethyl phthalimide was formed. The final product was obtained when the N‐hydroxymethyl derivative was reacted with thionyl chloride, followed by reaction with sodium dimethyl phosphorodithioate.
Préparation de chlorure de deutérium de teneur isotopique élevée et contrǒle de sa pureté
Authors: Bengsch E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLe chlorure de deutérium a été préparé à partir d'eau lourde et de chlorure de benzoyle avec un rendement de 90 % et une pureté isotopique pratiquement identique à celle de l'eau lourde de départ. Deux problèmes annexes sont traités : une relation est établie entre la teneur en poids de DCl dans la solution et la normalité de celle‐ci. Les conditions du dosage de traces d'acide benzoïque dans DCl ont été déterminées.
Preparation of [1‐13C], [3‐13C], [1‐D] and [3‐D] Enriched Cyclobutenes
Authors: Bak Børge , Led Jens Jørgen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThree isotopically enriched samples of cyclobutene have been prepared, namely, a mixture containing 20 % [1‐13C]cyclobutene, 20 % [3‐13C]cyclobutene and 60 % parent molecule; a second mixture of 75 % [1‐D]cyclobutene and 25 % parent molecule; and a third mixture of 50 % [3‐D]cyclobutene and 50 % parent molecule. Proton magnetic resonance and infrared spectra showed the samples to be of high purity (> 95 %). The preparations successfully have been used for high‐resolution microwave studies. The observed microwave line intensities also agreed with the percentage compositions given above.
The synthesis of bis (Tri‐N‐butyl)tin‐113 oxide
Authors: Tenny Kenneth S. , Tenny Alfred M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBis(tri‐n‐butyl)tin‐113 oxide was prepared from tetrabutyltin and tin‐113 tetrachloride by redistribution reaction between alkyl groups, with the formation of the intermediate tri‐n‐butyltin‐113 chloride, which was hydrolyzed to form the desired product. Purification of the reaction mixture by alumina column chromatography, followed by thin layer chromatography, revealed a pure sample. The sample was also distilled under vacuum as a further check on the efficiency of the purification methodology; radioactivity resided in the bis(tri‐n‐butyl)tin oxide fraction. Infra‐red analysis of similarly prepared non‐radioactive sample showed the SnOSn bond; the spectra agreed with published spectra, and with the spectra obtained in our laboratory from commercial samples.
Synthesis of tritium labelled metaraminol, α‐ methylnoradrenaline and their corresponding β‐ desoxyderivatives
Authors: Hallhagen G. , Waldeck B. 
Published: October 2006

Abstractm‐hydroxy‐α‐oximinopropiophenone was hydrogenated by tritium gas in the presence of Pd on carbon catalyst. The crude product was chromatographed on a cation‐exchange column. Two major peaks were obtained. Subsequent radio‐paper chromatography revealed that these peaks were identical with metaraminol and α‐methyl‐m‐tyramine respectively. When 3,4‐dibenzyloxy‐α‐oximinopropiophenone was used as starting material both erythro and threo α‐methylnoradrenaline as well as α‐methyldopamine were obtained.
Synthèse simplifiée de L'Acide Trans‐Cinnamique 14C‐3
Authors: Herbert M. , Rochas G. , Pichat L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractL'acide benzoïque carboxyle 14C (5 mM) est réduit par LiAlH4 en alcool benzylique 14C‐7. L'oxydation de ce dernier par le tétracétate de plomb dans la pyridine donne le benzaldéhyde 14CO lequel, sans être isolé, est condensé avec l'acide malonique. L'acide cinnamique 14C‐3 obtenu avec un rendement global de 86%, purijié par sublimation est homogtke dans trois solvants de chromatographie sur papier. Activité spécifique 10 mCi/;mM.
Synthesis of 14C‐labelled heterocyclic analogues of phenylalanine with pyrazole and furan rings
Authors: Tolman V. , Hanuš J. , Vereš K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDiethyl acetamidomalonate‐2‐14C was alkylated by l‐chloromethylpyrazole and the reaction intermediate hydrolyzed to give DL‐3‐(1′‐pyrazolyl)‐alanine‐2‐14C. By the same method, but using 3‐chloromethylpyrazole instead of the 1‐isomer, DL‐3‐(3′‐pyrazolyl)‐alanine‐2‐14C was prepared. Condensation of furfural with hydantoin‐5‐14C gave 5‐(2′‐furylidene)‐hydantoin‐5‐14C, which was subsequently reduced to 5‐(2′‐furyl)‐hydantoin‐5‐14C and this compound was hydrolyzed to DL‐3‐(2′‐furyl)‐alanine‐2‐14C. Methods for isolation and purification of the final products on microscale are described.
Synthèse de l'Acide p‐chloromercuribenzoïque (Carboxyle 14C)
Authors: Herbfrt M. , Pichat L. , Fabignon Mlle C. 
Published: October 2006

Carbonation of p‐bromophenylmagnesium chlorure with 14CO2 leads to p‐chlorobenzoic acid carboxyl 14C (1) with a 97 % yield. The latter, treated in a sealed tube by concentrated ammonia in presence of sodium iodide and cuprous chloride at 140° C provides p‐aminobenzoic acid caboxyl 14C (2) with a 67 % yield. The synthesis proceeds by diazotation in fluoboric acid in order to obtain p‐carboxy‐14C benzenediazonium fluoborate (3). This salt, treated in acetone, water solution, by a mixture of mercuric chloride and stannous chloride leads to the final compound (4). It is purified by extraction in D. M. F. and precipitation by water addition. Overall yield is 51 % based on (2) or 30–35 % based on Ba 14CO3. Specific activity: 10 mCi/mM. The radiochemical purity has been checked by paper radiochromatography.La carbonatation par 14CO2 du chlorure de p‐bromophénylmagnésium donne l'acide p‐chlorobenzoïque (carboxyle 14C) (1) avec un rendement de 97 %. Ce dernier est ensuite traité en tube scellé par l'ammoniaque en présence d'iodure de sodium et de chlorure cuivreux à 140°C, ce qui fournit l'acide p‐aminobenzoïque (carboxyle 14C) (2) avec un rendement de 67 %. La synthèse se poursuit par la diazotation dans l'acide fluoborique pour obtenir le fluoborate de p‐carboxy‐14C benzènediazonium (3); ce sel, traité en solution dans l'acétone aqueuse, par le mélange chlorure mercurique, chlorure stanneux conduit au produit final (4) qui est purifié par extraction dans le D. M. F. et précipitation par l'eau. Le rendement global est de 51 %; par rapport à (2), soit 30–35 % par rapport à 14CO3Ba. Activité spécifique : 10mCi/mM. La pureté radiochimique a été contrǒlée par radiochromatographie sur papier.
Préparation de composés acétyléniques deutériés. III : Obtention d'aldéhydes α‐acétyléniques deutériés, sur la fonction aldéhydique
Authors: Vallet A. , Janin A. , Romanet R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLes essais de préparation des aldéhydes α‐acétyléniques deutériés sur la fonction aldéhyde, ou alcyne‐2 al‐1(D‐1), par oxydation des alcools primaires α‐acétyléniques, par réduction des acides, des esters, des chlorures d'acides et des nitriles α‐acétyléniques n'ont pas donné le résultat cherché. Par contre l'échange indirect de l'hydrogène aldéhydique d'un alcyne‐2 al‐1, pris sous forme de son acétal, avec le deutérium de l'eau lourde a pu ětre réalisé par l'intermédiaire du dérivé de substitution en position 2 du dithiane‐1,3. Ce dérivé est obtenu par action de l'acétal sur le propanedithiol‐1,3.