bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CART Cells and Other Cell Therapies (ie MSC, Tregs) in Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Greco Raffaella , Farge Dominique 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAuto-immune diseases (AD) are heterogeneous conditions, characterized by polyclonal activation of the immune system with a defect of B or T lymphocyte selection and altered lymphocytic reactions to auto-antigens components (Burnet 1959a, b), although it is rare to identify a single antigenic epitope. The native immune system and its tissue environment play an important role to determine if exposure to a given antigen will induce an immune response or tolerance or anergy. The role of the genes coding for the major histocompatibility system molecules, but also of many other genes, is important in the regulation of the immune response, although this does not explain all the observed phenomena during loss of tolerance (Matzinger 1994; Rioux and Abbas 2005).
Food Loss, Food Waste, and Sustainability in Food Supply Chains
Authors: Akkerman Renzo , Cruijssen Frans 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConsidering that food supply chains are a major part of many discussions about sustainability, it is worrying that a lot of the food that is produced does not actually make it to consumption. This means that related environmental impacts were made in vain, while at the same time food insecurity is a main problem in many parts of the world. In this chapter, we discuss food loss and waste (FLW) in the context of sustainable supply chain management. We provide an overview of the drivers behind FLW for different supply chain stages. Subsequently, we discuss potential actions to prevent or reduce FLW in food supply chains as well as provide a brief outlook towards the future of sustainable food supply chains. Many of the FLW reduction strategies lead to the development of novel and different supply chains, dealing with redistribution of surplus food, valorization of FLW streams, management of novel processing and packaging technologies, developing intelligent pricing strategies, extending product assortments, and changing procurement practices. From an operations and supply chain perspective, these issues provide many challenges and opportunities for practitioners and researchers alike.
Australia Catches Up, and What Hope for the Future?
Authors: Sawer Marian , Maley Maria 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhile slow to begin, Australia has undertaken systematic standards reform since 2021. The Australian parliament is putting in place a set of interlocking new rules and institutions which aim to establish, for the first time, independent regulation and accountability in the parliamentary workplace. An authoritative cross-party body leads the reform process, providing a high level of accountability and driving consensus. The reform agenda draws on a more comprehensive review of parliamentary workplaces than seen elsewhere. The Jenkins Review framed parliament as a workplace in which rights to safety existed and it named gender inequality as a key driver of toxicity. Australian reformers drew on experiences in other Westminster parliaments, especially the UK. One of Australia’s distinctive innovations is an independent centralised Human Resources (HR) body, able to make policies and mandate professional employment practices for parliament. While formal institutions have changed across the Westminster world, informal norms such as adversarialism are resilient. There is conscious policy borrowing amongst Westminster reformers, but improving toxic parliaments will be an ongoing project, requiring sustained and committed leadership.
The cosine addition and subtraction formulas on non-abelian groups
Authors: Ajebbar Omar , Elqorachi Elhoucien , Stetkær Henrik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLet G be a topological group, and let C(G) denote the algebra of continuous, complex valued functions on G. We determine the solutions $$f,g,h \in C(G)$$

f
,
g
,
h
∈
C
(
G
)

of the Levi-Civita equation $$\begin{aligned} g(xy) = g(x)g(y) + f(x)h(y), \ x,y \in G, \end{aligned}$$

g
(
x
y
)
=
g
(
x
)
g
(
y
)
+
f
(
x
)
h
(
y
)
,

x
,
y
∈
G
,

that extends the cosine addition law. As a corollary we obtain the solutions $$f,g \in C(G)$$

f
,
g
∈
C
(
G
)

of the cosine subtraction law $$g(xy^*) = g(x)g(y) + f(x)f(y)$$

g

(
x

y
∗

)

=
g

(
x
)

g

(
y
)

+
f

(
x
)

f

(
y
)

, $$x,y \in G$$

x
,
y
∈
G

where $$x \mapsto x^*$$

x
↦

x
∗

is a continuous involution of G. That $$x \mapsto x^*$$

x
↦

x
∗

is an involution, means that $$(xy)^* = y^*x^*$$

(
x
y
)

∗

=

y
∗

x
∗

and $$x^{**} = x$$

x

∗

∗

=
x

for all $$x,y \in G$$

x
,
y
∈
G

.
Bioengineered MSCCxcr2 transdifferentiated keratinocyte-like cell-derived organoid potentiates skin regeneration through ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling in diabetic wound
Authors: Choudhury Subholakshmi , Dhoke Neha R. , Chawla Shilpa , Das Amitava 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSkin regeneration is severely compromised in diabetic foot ulcers. Allogeneic mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is limited due to the poor engraftment, mitogenic, and differentiation potential in the harsh wound microenvironment. Thus, to improve the efficacy of cell therapy, the chemokine receptor Cxcr2 was overexpressed in MSCs (MSCCxcr2). CXCL2/CXCR2 axis induction led to the enhanced proliferation of MSCs through the activation of STAT3 and ERK1/2 signaling. Transcriptional upregulation of FGFR2IIIb (KGF Receptor) promoter by the activated STAT3 and ERK1/2 suggested trans-differentiation of MSCs into keratinocytes. These stable MSCCxcr2 in 2D and 3D (spheroid) cell cultures efficiently transdifferentiated into keratinocyte-like cells (KLCs). An in vivo therapeutic potential of MSCCxcr2 transplantation and its keratinocyte-specific cell fate was observed by accelerated skin tissue regeneration in an excisional splinting wound healing murine model of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Finally, 3D skin organoids generated using MSCCxcr2-derived KLCs upon grafting in a relatively avascular and non-healing wounds of type 2 diabetic db/db transgenic old mice resulted in a significant enhancement in the rate of wound closure by increased epithelialization (epidermal layer) and endothelialization (dermal layer). Our findings emphasize the therapeutic role of the CXCL2/CXCR2 axis in inducing trans-differentiation of the MSCs toward KLCs through the activation of ERK1/2 and STAT3 signaling and enhanced skin regeneration potential of 3D organoids grafting in chronic diabetic wounds.
LncRNA CARMN inhibits abdominal aortic aneurysm formation and vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic transformation by interacting with SRF
Authors: Liu Shenrong , Zhou Haobin , Han Dunzheng , Song Haoyu , Li Yuanqing , He Shangfei , Du Yipeng , Wang Kai , Huang Xingfu , Li Xin , Huang Zheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhenotypic transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays a crucial role in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation. CARMN, a highly conserved, VSMC-enriched long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), is integral in orchestrating various vascular pathologies by modulating the phenotypic dynamics of VSMCs. The influence of CARMN on AAA formation, particularly its mechanisms, remains enigmatic. Our research, employing single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing, has uncovered a significant suppression of CARMN in AAA specimens, which correlates strongly with the contractile function of VSMCs. This reduced expression of CARMN was consistent in both 7- and 14-day porcine pancreatic elastase (PPE)-induced mouse models of AAA and in human clinical cases. Functional analyses disclosed that the diminution of CARMN exacerbated PPE-precipitated AAA formation, whereas its augmentation conferred protection against such formation. Mechanistically, we found CARMN's capacity to bind with SRF, thereby amplifying its role in driving the transcription of VSMC marker genes. In addition, our findings indicate an enhancement in CAMRN transcription, facilitated by the binding of NRF2 to its promoter region. Our study indicated that CARMN plays a protective role in preventing AAA formation and restrains the phenotypic transformation of VSMC through its interaction with SRF. Additionally, we observed that the expression of CARMN is augmented by NRF2 binding to its promoter region. These findings suggest the potential of CARMN as a viable therapeutic target in the treatment of AAA.
Graphical abstract
Sex differences in DNA methylation across gestation: a large scale, cross-cohort, multi-tissue analysis
Authors: Czamara Darina , Dieckmann Linda , Lahti-Pulkkinen Marius , Cruceanu Cristiana , Henrich Wolfgang , Plagemann Andreas , Räikkönen Katri , Braun Thorsten , Binder Elisabeth B. , Lahti Jari , Entringer Sonja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBiological sex is a key variable influencing many physiological systems. Disease prevalence as well as treatment success can be modified by sex. Differences emerge already early in life and include pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. The placenta is a critical organ for fetal development and shows sex-based differences in the expression of hormones and cytokines. Epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), may underlie the previously reported placental sexual dimorphism. We associated placental DNAm with fetal sex in three cohorts. Individual cohort results were meta-analyzed with random-effects modelling. CpG-sites differentially methylated with sex were further investigated regarding pathway enrichment, overlap with methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs), and hits from phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS). We evaluated the consistency of findings across tissues (CVS, i.e. chorionic villus sampling from early placenta, and cord blood) as well as with gene expression. We identified 10,320 epigenome-wide significant sex-differentially methylated probes (DMPs) spread throughout the epigenome of the placenta at birth. Most DMPs presented with lower DNAm levels in females. DMPs mapped to genes upregulated in brain, were enriched for neurodevelopmental pathways and significantly overlapped with meQTLs and PheWAS hits. Effect sizes were moderately correlated between CVS and placenta at birth, but only weakly correlated between birth placenta and cord blood. Sex differential gene expression in birth placenta was less pronounced and implicated genetic regions only marginally overlapped with those associated with differential DNAm. Our study provides an integrative perspective on sex-differential DNAm in perinatal tissues underscoring the possible link between placenta and brain.
A Mathematical Framework for Quantum Hamiltonian Simulation and Duality
Authors: Apel Harriet , Cubitt Toby 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Analogue Hamiltonian simulation is a promising near-term application of quantum computing and has recently been put on a theoretical footing alongside experiencing wide-ranging experimental success. These ideas are closely related to the notion of duality in physics, whereby two superficially different theories are mathematically equivalent in some precise sense. However, existing characterisations of Hamiltonian simulations are not sufficiently general to extend to all dualities in physics. We give a generalised duality definition encompassing dualities transforming a strongly interacting system into a weak one and vice versa. We characterise the dual map on operators and states and prove equivalence ofduality formulated in terms of observables, partition functions and entropies. A building block is a strengthening of earlier results on entropy preserving maps—extensions of Wigner’s celebrated theorem- –to maps that are entropy preserving up to an additive constant. We show such maps decompose as a direct sum of unitary and antiunitary components conjugated by a further unitary, a result that may be of independent mathematical interest.
Sensitivity and wave propagation analysis of the time-fractional (3+1)-dimensional shallow water waves model
Authors: Şenol Mehmet , Gençyiğit Mehmet , Demirbilek Ulviye , Az-Zo’bi Emad A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study investigates the exact solutions of the time-fractional (3+1)-dimensional combined Korteweg–de Vries Benjamin–Bona–Mahony (KdV-BBM) equation. The considered model describes the long surface gravity waves of small amplitude, which portrays the two-way propagation of waves. The modified generalized Kudryashov method and the exp(-$$\varphi (\xi $$

φ
(
ξ

))-expansion methods are employed to resolve the aforementioned issue because of their effectiveness and simplicity. For generality, the time fractional version is studied; more advanced solutions that do not exist in the literature were obtained. As a result, a variety of the exact wave solutions of the conformable (3+1)-dimensional KdV-BBM equation are obtained. The dynamical behaviors of some obtained solutions are represented with the proper parameter values. The used methods yield noteworthy results in obtaining the analytical solutions of fractional differential equations under various conditions. Besides, the sensitivity of regarding dynamical system is assessed to show the numerical stability effects.
Sharp corner singularity of the White–Metzner model
Authors: Evans Jonathan D. , Jones Christian A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe stress singularity is determined using matched asymptotics for complete flow of a White–Metzner (WM) fluid around a re-entrant corner. The model is considered in the absence of a solvent viscosity, with power-law forms for the relaxation time and polymer viscosity. In this form, the model shares the same stress singularity as the upper convected Maxwell (UCM) model, but its wall boundary layers may be thinner or thicker than those for UCM depending upon the relative difference in the power-law exponents. If the exponent for the relaxation time is greater than that for the polymer viscosity, the boundary layer is narrower, whilst it is thicker if the polymer viscosity exponent exceeds that of the relaxation time. When the exponents are the same, the WM boundary layer thickness is the same size as that for UCM. A self-similar solution is derived for the stress and velocity fields and matched to both upstream and downstream boundary layers. Restrictions on the sizes of the power-law exponents are also given for validity of this solution.
Vermittlung kommunikativer Kompetenzen in der Lehre der HNO-Heilkunde
Authors: Gür Deniz , Offergeld Christian , Fabry Götz , Wünsch Alexander 
Published: April 2024

Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Kommunikative Kompetenzen gehören zu den wichtigsten Schlüsselqualifikationen der ärztlichen Tätigkeit. Inwieweit diese im medizinischen Unterricht der Hals‑, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde auch online erworben werden können, wird in dieser Studie untersucht.

Fragestellung
Ein freiwilliges Online-Training zur Vermittlung kommunikativer Fertigkeiten wurde mit einem entsprechenden Präsenzformat verglichen. Dabei wurde der Frage nachgegangen, inwieweit sich Akzeptanz der beiden Formate sowie die Selbsteinschätzung der Studierenden hinsichtlich ihrer kommunikativen Fertigkeiten unterscheiden.

Material und Methoden
Im Online-Training wurden die Studierenden über ein Video asynchron auf die Thematik vorbereitet. Danach konnten sie Gespräche mit Simulationspatient*innen online und synchron führen. Die Präsenzveranstaltung war in Aufbau und Dauer vergleichbar und fand in einem früheren Semester statt. Die Akzeptanz der jeweiligen Seminare wurde mit einem Fragebogen mit 19 Items erhoben, dabei wurde eine 5‑stufige Likert-Skala verwendet. Die Selbsteinschätzung der Kommunikationsfertigkeiten wurde über eine 10 cm lange visuelle Analogskala prä/post mit 16 Items erfasst.

Ergebnisse
Beide Formate erreichten eine hohe Akzeptanz mit einer Durchschnittsnote (M) von 2,08 (Standardabweichung, SD: 0,54) für das Online-Format und M = 1,97 (SD = 0,48) für die Präsenzveranstaltung. Die Selbsteinschätzungen der Studierenden zu kommunikativen Fertigkeiten haben in der Online-Gruppe (M = 1,54, SD = 0,94) einen doppelten Zuwachs gegenüber der Präsenzgruppe gezeigt (M = 0,75, SD = 0,87).

Schlussfolgerung
Diese Studie zeigt, dass die Vermittlung von kommunikativen Kompetenzen im Online-Format gut angenommen wurde und zu signifikanten Veränderungen in der Selbsteinschätzung der Kommunikationsfertigkeiten der Studierenden führte.
Square compactness and Lindelöf trees
Authors: Marun Pedro E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe prove that every weakly square compact cardinal is a strong limit cardinal, and therefore weakly compact. We also study Aronszajn trees with no uncountable finitely splitting subtrees, characterizing them in terms of being Lindelöf with respect to a particular topology. We prove that the class of such trees is consistently non-empty and lies between the classes of Suslin and Aronszajn trees.
Asymptotic strictly pseudoconvex CR structure for asymptotically locally complex hyperbolic manifolds
Authors: Pinoy Alan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we build a compactification by a strictly pseudoconvex CR structure for a complete and non-compact Kähler manifold whose curvature tensor is asymptotic to that of the complex hyperbolic space. To do so, we study in depth the evolution of various geometric objects that are defined on the leaves of some foliation of the complement of a suitable convex subset, called an essential subset, whose leaves are the equidistant hypersurfaces above this latter subset. With a suitable renormalization which is closely related to the anisotropic nature of the ambient geometry, the above mentioned geometric objects converge near infinity, inducing the claimed structure on the boundary at infinity.
Lefschetz-type theorems for the effective cone on Hyperkähler varieties
Authors: Baltes Jonas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this paper we show some Lefschetz-type theorems for the effective cone of Hyperkähler varieties. In particular we are able to show that the inclusion of any smooth ample divisor induces an isomorphism of effective cones. Moreover we deduce a similar statement for some effective exceptional divisors, which yields the computation of the effective cone of e.g. projectivized cotangent bundles or some projectivized Lazarsfeld–Mukai bundles.
Trefftz discontinuous Galerkin discretization for the Stokes problem
Authors: Lederer Philip L. , Lehrenfeld Christoph , Stocker Paul 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe introduce a new discretization based on a polynomial Trefftz-DG method for solving the Stokes equations. Discrete solutions of this method fulfill the Stokes equations pointwise within each element and yield element-wise divergence-free solutions. Compared to standard DG methods, a strong reduction of the degrees of freedom is achieved, especially for higher polynomial degrees. In addition, in contrast to many other Trefftz-DG methods, our approach allows us to easily incorporate inhomogeneous right-hand sides (driving forces) by using the concept of the embedded Trefftz-DG method. On top of a detailed a priori error analysis, we further compare our approach to other (hybrid) discontinuous Galerkin Stokes discretizations and present numerical examples.
Exposure to Sublethal Concentrations of Lead (Pb) Affects Ecologically Relevant Behaviors in House Sparrows (Passer domesticus)
Authors: Di Liberto Joseph F. , Griffith Simon C. , Hall Cara J. , Mendelsohn Alexandra S. , Swaddle John P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobal contamination of environments with lead (Pb) poses threats to many ecosystems and populations. While exposure to Pb is toxic at high concentrations, recent literature has shown that lower concentrations can also cause sublethal, deleterious effects. However, there remains relatively little causal investigation of how exposure to lower concentrations of environmental Pb affects ecologically important behaviors. Behaviors often represent first-line responses of an organism and its internal physiological, molecular, and genetic responses to a changing environment. Hence, better understanding how behaviors are influenced by pollutants such as Pb generates crucial information on how species are coping with the effects of pollution more broadly. To better understand the effects of sublethal Pb on behavior, we chronically exposed adult wild-caught, captive house sparrows (Passer domesticus) to Pb-exposed drinking water and quantified a suite of behavioral outcomes: takeoff flight performance, activity in a novel environment, and in-hand struggling and breathing rate while being handled by an experimenter. Compared to controls (un-exposed drinking water), sparrows exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of Pb exhibited decreases in takeoff flight performance and reduced movements in a novel environment following 9–10 weeks of exposure. We interpret this suite of results to be consistent with Pb influencing fundamental neuro-muscular abilities, making it more difficult for exposed birds to mount faster movements and activities. It is likely that suppression of takeoff flight and reduced movements would increase the predation risk of similar birds in the wild; hence, we also conclude that the effects we observed could influence fitness outcomes for individuals and populations altering ecological interactions within more naturalistic settings.
Influence of combined abiotic/biotic factors on decay of P. aeruginosa and E. coli in Rhine River water
Authors: Gao Sha , Sutton Nora B. , Wagner Thomas V. , Rijnaarts Huub H. M. , van der Wielen Paul W. J. J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Understanding the dynamic change in abundance of both fecal and opportunistic waterborne pathogens in urban surface water under different abiotic and biotic factors helps the prediction of microbiological water quality and protection of public health during recreational activities, such as swimming. However, a comprehensive understanding of the interaction among various factors on pathogen behavior in surface water is missing. In this study, the effect of salinity, light, and temperature and the presence of indigenous microbiota, on the decay/persistence of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Rhine River water were tested during 7 days of incubation with varying salinity (0.4, 5.4, 9.4, and 15.4 ppt), with light under a light/dark regime (light/dark) and without light (dark), temperature (3, 12, and 20 °C), and presence/absence of indigenous microbiota. The results demonstrated that light, indigenous microbiota, and temperature significantly impacted the decay of E. coli. Moreover, a significant (p<0.01) four-factor interactive impact of these four environmental conditions on E. coli decay was observed. However, for P. aeruginosa, temperature and indigenous microbiota were two determinate factors on the decay or growth. A significant three-factor interactive impact between indigenous microbiota, temperature, and salinity (p<0.01); indigenous microbiota, light, and temperature (p<0.01); and light, temperature, and salinity (p<0.05) on the decay of P. aeruginosa was found. Due to these interactive effects, caution should be taken when predicting decay/persistence of E. coli and P. aeruginosa in surface water based on a single environmental condition. In addition, the different response of E. coli and P. aeruginosa to the environmental conditions highlights that E. coli monitoring alone underestimates health risks of surface water by non-fecal opportunistic pathogens, such as P. aeruginosa.

Key points

Abiotic and biotic factors interactively affect decay of E. coli and P. aeruginosa

E.coli and P.aeruginosa behave significantly different under the given conditions

Only E. coli as an indicator underestimates the microbiological water quality