bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and susceptibility to gallbladder cancer in a Chinese population
Authors: Jiao Xingyuan , Huang Jiefu , Wu Shengli , MingdeLv  , Hu Yize , Jianfu  , Su Xiaokang , Luo Canqiao , Broelsch CE 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe human oxoguanine glycosylase 1(hOGG1) gene encodes a DNA glycosylase that is involved in excision repair of 8‐OH‐dG (8‐hydroxy‐2‐deoxyguanine) from oxidatively‐damaged DNA. To determine whether hOGG1 plays a role in the risk for adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder, we tested the association of this polymorphism with gallbladder cancer in a Chinese population‐based, case control study of 204 cases and 209 controls. The subjects were genotyped with a polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR–RELP) assay. The association between the genetic polymorphism of this gene and risk of the cancer was examined by using a multivariate analysis. We found that the distribution of hOGG1 Ser326Cys genotypes among controls (Ser/Ser, 37.3%; Ser/Cys, 53.6% and Cys/Cys, 9.1%) was significantly different from that among gallbladder cancer cases (Ser/Ser, 43.1%; Ser/Cys, 36.3% and Cys/Cys, 20.6%). Significantly increased risk for gallbladder cancer was both the hOGG1 326Ser/Cys (Odds ratio [OR] = 1.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.0–3.7) and hOGG1 326Cys/Cys genotypes (OR = 4.5, 95% CI = 1.1–22.4). We observed no statistically significant association between hOGG1 genotype and gallbladder cancer association in gallstone absence. In contrast, a near‐significant increase in risk for gallbladder cancer was observed for gallstone presence with the hOGG1 326Ser/Cys genotype (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.4–3.5) whereas a significant increase in association for gallbladder cancer was observed for gallstone presence with the 326Cys/Cys genotype (OR = 6.1, CI = 2.1–27.2). These data corresponded with the fact that a significant trend towards increased association for gallbladder cancer was observed with potentially higher‐risk hOGG1 genotypes in gallstone presence(p < 0.001, χ2 trend test)but not in gallstone absence(p = 0.89, χ2 trend test). A significant increase in risk for gallbladder cancer was observed for larger gallstone (those with stone diameters 2 cm or greater) with the hOGG1 326Ser/Cys(OR = 1.9, 95% CI = 1.1–2.9) and hOGG1 326Cys/Cys genotypes(OR = 5.9, 95% CI = 1.6–18.0). These data are consistent with the observation that a significant trend towards increased risk for gallbladder cancer was observed with potentially higher‐risk hOGG1 genotypes in gallbladder cancer patients with larger gallstone (p < 0.001, χ2 trend test). However, we observed no statistically significant association between hOGG1 genotype and gallbladder cancer risk in gallbladder cancer patients with smaller gallstone (those with stone diameters 2 cm smaller) (hOGG1 326Ser/Cys:OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 0.8–4.0; hOGG1 326Cys/Cys:OR = 2.9, 95% CI = 0.6–29.4; p = 0.06, χ2 tread test). These results suggest that hOGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism is associated with gallbladder cancer risk. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High rate of centrosome aberrations and correlation with proliferative activity in patients with untreated B‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Hensel Manfred , Zoz Martin , Giesecke Christian , Benner Axel , Neben Kai , Jauch Anna , Stilgenbauer Stephan , Ho Anthony D. , Krämer Alwin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractB‐cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by a high rate of clonal genomic alterations and a low proliferative activity with cell cycle arrest in G0/G1phase. Recently, centrosome aberrations have been described as a possible cause of chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in many human malignancies. To investigate whether centrosome aberrations do occur in CLL and whether they correlate with common prognostic factors and disease activity, we examined peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 70 patients with previously untreated CLL using an antibody to γ‐tubulin. All 70 CLL samples displayed significantly more cells with centrosome aberrations (median: 26.0%, range 11.0–41.5%) as compared to peripheral blood B lymphocytes from 20 age‐matched, healthy individuals (median: 2.0%, range 0–6%;p< 0.001). The extent of centrosome aberrations correlated with the proliferative activity of the CLL cases as measured by lymphocyte doubling time (p= 0.02) as well as with time to first treatment (p= 0.05). Accordingly, more centrosome aberrations were found in PHA‐stimulated T lymphocytes from healthy individuals as well as in B cells from surgically removed tonsil tissue of patients with acute tonsillitis as compared to the peripheral blood B lymphocytes from the control group. In contrast, no correlation was observed between centrosome aberrations andimmunoglobulin VH genemutation status or cytogenetically defined risk groups. These findings suggest that, despite the common observation of most CLL cells remaining in G0/G1phase, their centrosome replication process is deregulated and correlates to the proliferative activity of CLL cells. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postnatal evaluation of schizencephaly by transfontanellar three‐dimensional sonography
Authors: Júnior Edward Araujo , Leite Alexis Paiva , Pires Cláudio Rodrigues , Filho Hélio Antonio Guimarães , Filho Sebastião Marques Zanforlin , Nardozza Luciano Marcondes Machado , Moron Antonio Fernades 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSchizencephaly is a rare anomaly of neuronal migration characterized by the presence of brain clefts that communicate with the lateral ventricles. Type I is characterized by clefts with fused lips or margins, not communicating with the subarachnoid space. Type II is characterized by longer clefts that communicate with the subarachnoid space. Neonatal diagnosis of schizencephaly on transfontanellar two‐dimensional (2D) sonography is rare, with only 1 report in the medical literature. The major limitation of 2D sonography is its inability to assess neonatal prognosis. There are no reports on MEDLINE about the use of transfontanellar three‐dimensional (3D) sonography in the assessment of schizencephaly. We present a case of type II schizencephaly diagnosed on the 29th week of gestation with 2D sonography and describe the main findings with 3D sonography in surface and transparency modes performed in the neonatal period via the fontanel. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Sonographic spectrum of scrotal abnormalities in infertile men
Authors: Qublan Hussein S. , Al‐Okoor Khalil , Al‐Ghoweri Ahmad S. , Abu‐Qamar Adnan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPurpose.To use sonography to detect scrotal abnormalities in infertile men.Material and Methods.Two hundred thirty‐four infertile men, including 176 oligospermic (sperm count < 10 × 106/ml), 58 azoospermic, and 150 normospermic men (control group) were evaluated prospectively for the presence of intra‐ and extratesticular abnormalities using high‐frequency transducers and color Doppler imaging. Medical and surgical history, testicular volume, semen parameters, and hormonal levels were recorded.Results.A statistically significant increase in the prevalence of abnormal scrotal findings detected with sonography was observed in the study group compared with controls. These included variocele in 35.5% versus 16% (p < 0.01), hydrocele in 16.7% versus 8.7% (p < 0.05), testicular microlithiasis in 9.8% versus 2% (p < 0.01), epididymal enlargement in 9% versus 2.6% (p < 0.05), and epididymal cyst in 7.7% versus 2% (p < 0.05). Testicular tumor was not seen in either group. A statistically significant decrease in testicular volume, sperm concentration, normal morphology, and forward motility of the sperm was noted in the study group compared with controls (p < 0.01).Conclusion.The various intra‐ and extratesticular abnormalities were demonstrated in infertile men. Sonography should be used routinely in the work‐up of male infertility. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Comparative anatomy, homologies and evolution of the pectoral muscles of bony fish and tetrapods: A new insight
Authors: Diogo Rui , Abdala Virginia 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Osteichthyes, including bony fishes and tetrapods, is a highly speciose group of vertebrates, comprising more than 42,000 living species. The anatomy of osteichthyans has been the subject of numerous comparative studies, but most of these studies concern osteological structures; much less attention has been paid to muscles. The most detailed comparative analyses of osteichthyan pectoral muscles that were actually based on a direct observation of representatives of various major actinopterygian and sarcopterygian groups were provided several decades ago by authors such as Howell and Romer. Despite the quality of their work, these authors did not have access to much information that is now available. In the present work, an updated discussion on the homologies and evolution of the osteichthyan pectoral muscles is provided, based on the authors' own analyses and on a survey of the literature, both old and recent. It is stressed that much caution should be taken when the results obtained in molecular and developmental studies concerning the pectoral muscles of model actinopterygians such as the teleostean zebrafish are discussed and compared with the results obtained in studies concerning model sarcopterygians from clades such as the Amphibia and/or the Amniota. This is because, as shown here, as a result of the different evolutionary routes followed within the actinopterygian and the sarcopterygian clades none of the individual muscles found, for example, in derived actinopterygians such as teleosts is found in derived sarcopterygians such as tetrapods. It is hoped that the information provided in the present work may help in paving the way for future analyses of the pectoral muscles in taxa from different osteichthyan groups and for a proper comparison between these muscles in those taxa. J. Morphol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of television brand placement on brand image
Authors: van Reijmersdal Eva A. , Neijens Peter C. , Smit Edith G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA survey as well as an experiment was conducted to study the effects of television brand placement on brand image. The studies showed that the integration of a brand into the editorial content of a program had a significant effect on brand image: As people watched more episodes, the brand image became more in agreement with the program image. These results confirm the applicability of learning and human associative memory theories to brand placement. Another important finding is that brand memory and brand image were not related. Thus, brand image became more positive regardless of viewers' memory of the brand placements, which implies that brand image was implicitly affected. This has important theoretical implications for the understanding of the working of brand placement. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Nucleolar development and allocation of key nucleolar proteins require de novo transcription in bovine embryos
Authors: Svarcova Olga , Laurincik Jozef , Avery Birthe , Mlyncek Milos , Niemann Heiner , Maddox‐Hyttel Poul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe goal of the present study was to investigate whether key nucleolar proteins involved in ribosomal RNA (rRNA) transcription and processing are transcribed de novo or from maternally inherited messenger RNAs (mRNA) in bovine embryos, and to which extent de novo transcription of these proteins mRNA is required for the development of functional nucleoli during the major activation of the embryonic genome. Immunofluorescence for localization of key nucleolar proteins, autoradiography for detection of transcriptional activity, and transmission electron microscopy were applied to in vitro produced bovine embryos cultured from the 2‐cell stage with or without (control groups) α‐amanitin, which blocks the RNA polymerases II and III transcription and, thus the synthesis of mRNA. In the control groups, weak autoradiographic labeling was initially observed in the periphery of few nuclei at the 4‐cell and the early 8‐cell stage, and the entire nucleoplasm as well as nucleolus precursor bodies (NBBs) were prominently labelled in all late 8‐cell stages. The NPBs displayed initial transformation into fibrillo‐granular nucleoli. In the α‐amanitin group, lack of autoradiographic labeling was seen at all developmental stages and disintegrated NPBs stage were found at the late 8‐cell. Our immunofluorescence data indicate that RNA polymerase I, UBF, topoisomerase I and fibrillarin are transcribed de novo whereas nucleolin and nucleophosmin are maternally inherited as demonstrated by α ‐amanitin inhibition. However, localization of these two proteins to the nucleolar compartments was negatively affected by the α‐amanitin treatment. Consequently, functional nucleoli were not established. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 1428–1435, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Successful treatment of refractory immune hemolysis following unrelated cord blood transplant with Campath‐1H
Authors: Chao Mwe Mwe , Levine John E. , Ferrara James L. , Cooling Laura , Cooke Kenneth R. , Hutchinson Raymond J. , Yanik Gregory A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractImmune‐mediated hemolytic anemia is a well‐recognized complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report on a 6‐year‐old boy with X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy who developed severe delayed alloimmune hemolytic anemia associated with immune‐mediated neutropenia and thrombocytopenia following major ABO incompatible unrelated cord blood transplantation. The patient's cytopenias were refractory to treatment with corticosteroids, cyclosporine, intravenous immune globulin, rituximab, and pentostatin. After one course of Campath‐1H his hematologic parameters normalized, suggesting that the compound may be an effective therapy for complex immunohematologic disorders complicating hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The case also emphasizes the importance of T‐cells in transplant associated immune cytopenias. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:917–919. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Precursor natural killer cell leukemia
Authors: Liang Xiayuan , Greffe Brian , Garrington Timothy , Graham Douglas K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNatural killer (NK) cell tumors are a rare and heterogeneous group of disorders. Immature NK cell tumors are less common, and are less recognized and defined than mature NK cell tumors. There is insufficient experience of diagnosis and treatment with immature NK cell tumors, especially in pediatric patients. Here we describe a pediatric patient with precursor NK cell leukemia and review the literature of the previously reported cases in children to further help characterize the diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:876–878. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Significance of pleural effusion in neuroblastoma
Authors: Gupta Himesh , Conrad John , Khoury Joseph D. , McGregor Lisa M. , Krasin Matthew J. , Dome Jeffrey S. , Santana Victor M. , Davidoff Andrew M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBackgroundPleural effusion is uncommon at diagnosis of neuroblastoma in children. Because the presence of malignant cells in pleural fluid may significantly change the management and outcome of patients with neuroblastoma, we retrospectively analyzed a cohort of neuroblastoma patients who presented with pleural effusion at the time of diagnosis to determine the incidence, presentation, stage, treatment, and outcome of these patients.MethodsWe reviewed the presenting features of 295 patients with the diagnosis of neuroblastoma who received treatment at St. Jude Children's Research Hospital between 1991 and 2005. Patients were chosen for further analysis if pleural effusion had been identified on chest radiographs or computed tomography (CT) scans at diagnosisResultsThirty‐one out of 295(10.5%) patients with neuroblastoma had pleural effusion identified at time of presentation. International neuroblastoma staging system (INSS) risk stratification was high risk in 29 cases and intermediate risk and low risk in 1 case each. The primary site of disease was abdomen in 26 patients; mediastinum in 5. We conducted cytologic analysis of pleural fluid of nine patients; the specimen of seven contained malignant cells. Eighteen of 31 patients died of progressive or recurrent disease.ConclusionIn patients with neuroblastoma, pleural effusion is usually associated with unfavorable biologic features and high‐risk disease. Pleural fluid should be examined cytologically and at a time when the results would change the risk stratification. There was no statistically significant difference in the survival rate of the patients with high‐risk neuroblastoma with or without malignant pleural effusion. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:906–908. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calculations of diffusion coefficients of cyclic poly(dimethylsiloxanes)
Authors: Dodgson Keith , Edwards Christopher J. C. , Stepto Robert F. T. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Kirkwood equation and a Monte‐Carlo technique which employs Metropolis sampling have been used to calculate diffusion coefficients (D) for low molar mass cyclic poly(dimethylsiloxanes). Correlations between calculated and experimental values of D show that the effective segment size is larger for cyclic than for linear PDMS. Thus, free‐draining flow is reduced for the cyclic species consistent with its greater segment density. The cyclic molecules also show enhanced diffusion coefficients at very low molar masses which may be associated with the rigid toroidal shapes of these molecules.
The molecular characteristics of hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene
Authors: Regan Peter R. , Teo Hoon Hong , Booth Colin , Cunliffe Anthony V. , Hudd Alan L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThree samples of a commercial hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene, Arco R45M. were characterised with respect to number‐average and weight‐average molar mass, intrinsic viscosity, number‐average hydroxyl functionality and effective functionality for gelation. Two of the samples were fractionated on the basis of solubility in toluene/methanol mixtures, and the fractions were characterised with respect to number‐average molar mass, intrinsic viscosity and number‐average hydroxyl functionality. For both sets of fractions, the average functionality was practically independent of average molar mass. It is concluded that the functionality distribution is almost identical at all points in the molar mass range of Arco R45M.
End‐groups in polymers of 2‐vinylnaphthalene and 4‐vinylbiphenyl, prepared by polymerisations initiated by azobis(isobutyronitrile)
Authors: Bevington John C. , Huckerby Thomas N. , Hunt Barry J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPolymerisations of 2‐vinylnaphthalene and 4‐vinylbiphenyl and copolymerisations of these monomers with methyl methacrylate have been initiated by azobis(isobutyronitrile) enriched in its methyl groups with carbon‐13. The environments of (CH3)2C(CN)‐ end‐groups in the copolymers have been examined by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. It has been concluded that both aromatic monomers are more than twice as reactive as methyl methacrylate towards the primary radical.
The concentration dependence of biopolymer gel modulus
Authors: Clark Allan H. , Ross‐Murphy Simon B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGel formation from aqueous biopolymer solutions is a common phenomenon and one of practical importance, yet it is much less well understood and characterised than the condensation of synthetic polymer precursors to form networks. There are many reasons for this, including the complexity of the aggregating species, the diversity of crosslinking mechanisms, the physical nature of the attractive forces, and the complexities introduced by having water as a solvent. In the present paper, however, an attempt is made to adapt classical theories of gelation and of rubber elasticity to treat the biopolymer case and to describe the shear modulus‐versus‐concentration behaviour of such non‐ideal materials. Modulus data for cold‐set gels formed from the polysaccharide agar and the protein gelatin are presented and analysed, as are similar data for substantially different gels formed by heating solutions of globular proteins. It is demonstrated how, by assuming a crosslinking equilibrium, such diverse sets of data can be reduced to a dimensionless master curve form, and the limiting concentration dependence of the modulus at high concentration is discussed in the light of the present work and of a recent theoretical description based on the osmotic scaling relationship.
The condensation of lignin model compounds with hexamethylene diisocyanate
Authors: Detoisien Marlène , Pla Fernand , Gandini Alessandro , Cheradame Hervé , Monzie Pierre 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnalysis by infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric estimation of the condensation products of hexamethylene diisocyanate and certain lignin model compounds bearing a free phenolic hydroxyl (prepared both in the melt at 100°C and in refluxing methylene chloride solution) shows that stoichiometric proportions give high yields of bisurethanes. These products decompose below 160°C to regenerate the starting materials.
The effect of additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)
Authors: Manley T. R. , Guy A. , Clark L. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe effect of a range of organic additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride), both with and without a chloroparaffin extender, was studied using a number of experimental techniques. Of the additives used the best overall balance was provided by pentaerythritol, which increased stability when the extender was present and had no effect when it was absent. The congo red test emerged as the most suitable technique, being consistent and inexpensive and able to screen several additives simultaneously. Isothermal differential thermal analysis correlated with the congo red test but required more expensive equipment, was time‐consuming and demanded good mixing of the poly(vinyl chloride) compound to give reproducible results. Thermogravimetry was not sufficiently sensitive and the heat stability test was the least useful of all.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Cure Studies of Tetra‐N‐glycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane Epoxy Resins. Part 1 ‐ Reaction with 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylsulphone
Authors: Barton John M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRates and extents of cure are determined using differential scanning calorimetry in the isothermal mode over the temperature range 170–220°C, and from d.s.c. scans at various heating rates. The isothermal data are consistent with an autocatalytic mechanism at conversions up to about 20–30%. Data from d.s.c. scans fit a simple kinetic model which indicates that the apparent activation energy (E) for cure increases with increasing conversion, consistent with an increasing degree of diffusion control. At low levels of conversion the isothermal and dynamic data both provide estimates for E of about 70 kJ mol−1. The heat of cure is about 105 kJ mol−1 epoxide, and is constant over a wide range of amine concentration. This indicates that any parallel or competing processes which occur must have the same heat of reaction.
Differential Scanning Calorimetry Cure Studies of Tetra‐N‐glycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane Epoxy Resins Part 2 ‐ Reaction with 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylsulphone Accelerated by Borontriofluoride‐Ethylamine
Authors: Barton John M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe curing reaction was monitored by differential scanning calorimetry scans at various heating rates and from isothermal experiments in the range 130–170°C. The catalysed isothermal cure is an initially rapid reaction which approximates to first‐order kinetics. Above about 30% conversion there is a transition to a much slower first‐order reaction. The differential scanning calorimetry scans show multiple exotherm peaks, indicative of a complex reaction. However, data at a given conversion can be described by a simple general kinetic model. The heat of reaction shows a decreasing trend with increasing catalyst concentration.