bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of adenovirus immobilization strategies for in situ gene therapy
Authors: Hu Wei‐Wen , Lang Michael W. , Krebsbach Paul H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundRegenerative gene therapy using viral vectors enables transduced cells to express bioactive factors in vivo. Viral delivery with spatial control can enhance transduction efficiency and may limit systemic infection. Consequently, we tethered biotinylated adenovirus via interactions with avidin on chitosan surfaces to gain robust control for in situ transduction.MethodsAvidin was either directly conjugated to chitosan (virus–biotin–avidin‐material; VBAM) or indirectly docked on biotinylated chitosan surfaces (virus–biotin–avidin–biotin‐material; VBABM) to tether biotinylated adenovirus. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and spectroscopic analysis were performed to demonstrate the binding profiles. Biotin‐alkaline phosphatase and biotinylated adenovirus were used as different sized particles to evaluate binding efficiencies and were compared by the Sips isotherm adsorption method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination illustrated virus distribution, and the transduction efficiency was determined by in vitro cell transduction.ResultsELISA and spectroscopic analysis both demonstrated that the VBAM system led to multilayer avidin formation on biomaterial surfaces, whereas VBABM formed a monolayer of avidin. Sips isotherm adsorption indicated that the VBAM method increased heterogeneity and steric hindrance of binding sites. By contrast, the VBABM method docked avidin on chitosan surfaces and orientated the binding sites to facilitate ligand binding. In addition, SEM images illustrated that the VBABM method led to more even viral distribution. In vitro cell infection experiments also demonstrated that the VBABM system enhanced virus immobilization and thus improved cell transduction efficiency over the VBAM system.ConclusionsThe VBABM strategy is a superior method for in situ transduction from biomaterials. This strategy could be adapted for use with a variety of biomaterials as well as viral vectors, and thus may be an alternative method for in vivo regenerative gene therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Circular chromatic index of type 1 Blanuša snarks
Authors: Mazák Ján 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe determine the exact value of the circular chromatic index of generalized Blanuša snarks of type 1 introduced by Watkins more than two decades ago. In this case, the index takes infinitely many values and can get arbitrarily close to 3. Generalized Blanuša snarks are the first explicit class with this property; until now only finitely many values of the circular chromatic index of snarks have been known. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 59: 89–96, 2008
Live single‐cell video‐mass spectrometry for cellular and subcellular molecular detection and cell classification
Authors: Mizuno Hajime , Tsuyama Naohiro , Harada Takanori , Masujima Tsutomu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe molecular content from the cytoplasm of a live, single mammalian cell and its organelle were trapped with a nano‐electrospray ionization (ESI) tip acting as a micropipette under a video microscope, and hundreds of small molecular peaks were detected by direct nano‐ESI mass spectrometry (MS). Granule‐ or cytoplasm‐specific peaks in a mast cell (RBL 2H3) model were extracted by paired t‐test to demonstrate their specific localization. Some of the typical and specific molecules were successfully identified by MS/MS analysis. This method was also applied to the cell classification of seven types of cell lines at the single‐cellular level by principal component analysis (PCA), revealing seven clusters in the multivariate score plot. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavior of hippocampal stem/progenitor cells following grafting into the injured aged hippocampus
Authors: Shetty Ashok K. , Rao Muddanna S. , Hattiangady Bharathi 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMultipotent neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs) from the embryonic hippocampus are potentially useful as donor cells to repopulate the degenerated regions of the aged hippocampus after stroke, epilepsy, or Alzheimer's disease. However, the efficacy of the NSC grafting strategy for repairing the injured aged hippocampus is unknown. To address this issue, we expanded FGF‐2‐responsive NSCs from the hippocampus of embryonic day 14 green fluorescent protein–expressing transgenic mice as neurospheres in vitro and grafted them into the hippocampus of 24‐month‐old F344 rats 4 days after CA3 region injury. Engraftment, migration, and neuronal/glial differentiation of cells derived from NSCs were analyzed 1 month after grafting. Differentiation of neurospheres in culture dishes or after placement on organotypic hippocampal slice cultures demonstrated that these cells had the ability to generate considerable numbers of neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Following grafting into the injured aged hippocampus, cells derived from neurospheres survived and dispersed, but exhibited no directed migration into degenerated or intact hippocampal cell layers. Phenotypic analyses of graft‐derived cells revealed neuronal differentiation in 3%–5% of cells, astrocytic differentiation in 28% of cells, and oligodendrocytic differentiation in 6%–10% cells. The results demonstrate for the first time that NSCs derived from the fetal hippocampus survive and give rise to all three CNS phenotypes following transplantation into the injured aged hippocampus. However, grafted NSCs do not exhibit directed migration into lesioned areas or widespread neuronal differentiation, suggesting that direct grafting of primitive NSCs is not adequate for repair of the injured aged brain without priming the microenvironment. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development of active plastic crate and evaluation of phytopathogenic and pathogenic food spoilage micro‐organism inhibition
Authors: Pinto Michele da Silva , Ferreira Soares Nilda de Fátima , Filomeno Fontes Edimar Aparecida , Maia Geraldine Robson , Baffa Júnior José Carlos , Ramos Melo Nathália 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The plastic crates used in fruit and vegetable shipping can be vehicles of disease dissemination among production fields, since there is a chance of phytopathogenic micro‐organism adhesion on the crate surfaces when in contact with soil, contaminated produce or handling. The aim of this study was to develop an active plastic crate incorporated with a triclosan‐based antimicrobial agent and to evaluate its efficiency of micro‐organism inhibition.RESULTS: Staphylococcus aureus (a human pathogen), Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis and Erwinia carotovora ssp. carotovora (phytopathogens) were the most sensitive micro‐organisms when in contact with samples of plastic crate incorporated with 30 g kg−1 of antimicrobial agent. They presented diameters of approximately 5.0, 3.5 and 3.5 cm respectively in the halo test. Mean specific growth rates decreased in samples with 30 g kg−1 of antimicrobial agent, compared with control samples, from 1.13 to 0 h−1 for S. aureus, from 1.26 to 0.47 h−1 for Escherichia coli and from 1.75 to 0.18 h−1 for Listeria monocytogenes. The antimicrobial agent did not influence the mechanical properties of the crates.CONCLUSION: The active plastic crate has great potential to contribute to the safety of horticultural produce by restraining the proliferation of micro‐organisms among production fields. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance evaluation for aged environmentally adapted lubricants in bronze‐steel sliding contacts
Authors: McCarthy D. M. C. , Glavatskih S. B. , Pach M. , Dmitriev A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractEnvironmentally adapted lubricants (EALs) are becoming of increasing interest to the industry as legislation demands the replacement of mineral oil lubricants. However, little or nothing is known about the influence of ageing on the performance of these fluids in mixed and boundary lubricated tribological contacts. In this study, samples of three fully formulated lubricating oils, both in their ‘unaged’ form and ‘aged’ by means of an oxidation process in the laboratory, were utilized in a detailed study whereby variations in relative lubrication performance were examined. Standard laboratory pin‐on‐disc equipment was utilized in order to allow comparisons to be made and the definition of conclusions for a sliding tin bronze on steel contact. This simulated the interaction between an oil‐lubricated bronze bushing and steel shaft as found in the vane adjustment mechanism of a Kaplan turbine. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis was employed to assess the effect on surface layer structural chemistry. Results showed, for the specific application being investigated, that EALs continue to function well in terms of their friction and wear performance even at high acid numbers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In hospital outcomes after pancreatectomies: An analysis of a national database from 1996 to 2004
Authors: Turaga Kiran , Kaushik Manas , Forse R. Armour , Sasson Aaron R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntroductionNational complication rates following pancreatectomies have not been systematically reported.MethodsWe queried the national hospital discharge survey (NHDS) database to analyze risk factors associated with mortality and length of stay after pancreatectomies.ResultsAn estimated 49,346 pancreatectomies were performed from 1996 to 2004. The national mortality rate is 9% with an average length of stay 15 days (Interquartile range 10–23) while the morbidity is 35%. Size of the hospital (<300 beds) (OR 2.76 (95% CI 1.14–6.70, P = 0.02)), post‐operative pulmonary edema (OR 2.80 (95% CI 1.28–6.12, P = 0.01)) and sepsis (OR 5.22 (95% CI 1.94–14.11, P = 0.001)) are associated with higher mortality. Patients in larger hospitals (>500 beds) (Rate ratio 0.87 (95% CI 0.83–0.91, P < 0.001)) had a shorter hospital stay. Temporal trends reveal a shorter hospital length of stay in 2004 (Rate ratio 0.86 (95% CI 0.78–0.94, P = 0.001)) as compared to 1996. The percentage of pancreatectomies performed at larger hospitals in 1996 (40%) and 2004 (41%) has remained constant.ConclusionThe national mortality and morbidity rates after pancreaticoduodenectomy are 9% and 35%, respectively. Larger hospital size and absence of pulmonary edema and sepsis improves mortality. Larger hospitals have better outcomes although the trend for regionalization is not apparent. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:156–160. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A rationale for the targeted treatment of oligometastases with radiotherapy
Authors: MacDermed Dhara M. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Salama Joseph K. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAn oligometastatic state has been proposed wherein patients with metastases limited in number and location may benefit from local therapy directed at all known sites of metastases. We describe here the clinical and biological basis for the oligometastatic state. We present evidence for a potentially curative approach to patients with oligometastases using stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and we review the literature for SBRT directed at specific metastatic sites in the lungs, liver and multiple organs. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:202–206. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The analysis of status and clinical implication of KIT and PDGFRA mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST)
Authors: Du Chun‐Yan , Shi Ying‐Qiang , Zhou Ye , Fu Hong , Zhao Guangfa 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and objectiveto analyze the frequency and spectrum of KIT and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor‐alpha (PDGFRA) gene in a large series of study and to explore the clinical implication of mutations in the gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) in China.MethodA total of 141 GISTs were subject to mutation analysis of KIT (exons 9, 11, 13, and 17) and PDGFRA (exons 12 and 18) using PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Clinicopathologic characteristics were correlated to gene mutations.ResultsOf the 141 tumors studied, approximately 76.6% had KIT gene mutations, 2.8% had PDGFRA gene mutations and 20.6% had a wild‐type gene of KIT and PDGFRA. Among those with KIT gene mutations, 70.2% occurred in exon 11, 5.7% in exon 9, 0.7% in exon 13, and no mutation was detected in exons 17. The most frequent sites of mutation were in exon 11 and the mutations clustered in the classic “hot spot” at the 5′end of the exon mostly heterogeneous and the second “hot spot” were internal tandem duplications (ITD) at the 3′end of the exon. The overall mutation rate was significantly lower in GISTs originated from colorectum or extra‐gastrointestinal tract (χ2 = 6.728, P = 0.009; χ2 = 4.059, P = 0.044), however, mutation rate on exon 11 was significantly increased in gastric stromal tumor (χ2 = 5.713, P = 0.017; χ2 = 4.341, P = 0.037). There were no significant differences in terms of age, gender, tumor size, mitotic counts, grade of malignant potential and liver metastasis in patients with or without gene mutations.ConclusionKIT and PDGFRA gene were frequently found in patients with GISTs. Gene mutation rate varies in originated organ. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:175–178. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Upstaging benefits and accuracy of sentinel lymph node mapping in colorectal adenocarcinoma nodal staging
Authors: Quadros Claudio Almeida , Lopes Ademar , Araujo Iguaracyra , Fregnani Jose Humberto , Fahel Fernanda 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesSentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping is an additional method for improving colorectal cancer nodal staging. The purpose of the study was to define the method's accuracy in nodal staging, its upstaging benefits and to identify the predictive factors for its failure.MethodsLymphatic mapping was performed using technetium‐99m‐phytate and patent blue in 52 consecutive colorectal adenocarcinoma patients. Enhanced pathological examination was carried out on SLNs with hematoxylin–eosin step‐sectioning and immunochemistry.ResultsThe patients studied had an average tumor size of 6.5 cm; 85% had T3/T4 tumors; and rectal tumors represented 57.7% of the group. Overall SLN mapping accuracy was 79.5%, with sensitivity of 65.2% and 34.8% false negatives. Upstaging with SLN mapping was 23.1%. Colon tumors had an SLN identification rate of 90.9% and rectal tumors had 63.3% (P = 0.023). Multivariate statistical analysis identified lower rectal tumor (P = 0.009), neoadjuvant treatment (P = 0.029) and tumor size (P = 0.036) as independent risk factors for the inability to detect SLNs.ConclusionsUpstaging benefits of SLN mapping should be considered in colon and mid‐ and upper rectal tumors. The method should be avoided in patients with lower rectal tumors, large tumors and having had neoadjuvant therapy. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;98:324–330. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic liquid phase nanoextraction coupled to GC/MS for rapid analysis of methoxyacetophenone and anisaldehye isomers in urine
Authors: Wu Hui‐Fen , Yen Jyh‐Hao 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study introduces a novel extraction technique in the nanoscale and challenges the limits of solvent extraction in the GC/MS using electronic ionization (EI) method for quantitative determination of six methoxyacetophenone (MAP) and anisaldehye (AAH) isomers in one drop of water and urine. This technique is termed as dynamic liquid phase nanoextraction (DLPNE). The optimum parameters for the DLPNE technique were: selection of solvent, toluene; sampling volume, 0.44 μL; dwell time, 2 s; number of sampling, 15; extraction time, 1.5 min; volume of extraction solvent, 60 nL; and no salt addition. The LODs for this technique were 5–20 ng/mL. The RSDs were in the range of 9.7–12.6% (n = 6). The linear dynamic range of the calibration curve of DLPNE is from 0.02 to 0.5 μg/mL with correlation coefficient (r2) >0.9705. The advantages of the DLPNE technique are rapidity, ease of operation, simple device, and extremely little solvent and sample consumption. This technique was also compared with the static liquid phase nanoextraction (SLPNE) while the SLPNE failed to detect any signal for the six isomers. We believe that this technique can be very useful for the detection of volatile organic compounds in environmental science from microscale of water or it can be applied to clinical or pharmaceutical application such as diagnosis of microamount of urine or blood samples by GC/MS.
Efficient enrichment of α,β‐unsaturated bovine insulins‐(C12)n using tweezing adsorptive bubble separation (TABS) with bovine serum albumin
Authors: Nicolai Andreas , Friess Albrecht , Parlar Harun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlkyl‐substituted insulin molecules are depository preparations used in the treatment of diabetes. The isolation and purification of these active compounds is performed on the hand of several complicated separation steps. In this work, nonmodified and new synthesized α,β‐unsaturated bovine insulins‐(C12)n were selectively isolated from aqueous solution using tweezing adsorptive bubble separation (TABS) with BSA, which enabled reversible binding with the unpolar side chains of bovine insulin and its derivates. The bovine insulin/serum albumin complex could be efficiently transferred into the foam phase at pH 8 with an enrichment factor of 2.6 and a recovery of 89.7%. Experiments with alkylated α,β‐unsaturated bovine insulins‐(C12)n performed at pH 9 enriched even quantitatively the complex under equal experimental conditions, accompanied with an enrichment factor of 3.3. Additionally performed radio immunoassay tests revealed that the immunological activity of α,β‐unsaturated bovine insulins‐(C12)n remained unchanged after foaming.
Poisson's effects in electrical field flow fractionation
Authors: Biernacki Joseph J. , Mellacheruvu P. Manikya , Mahajan Satish M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRecent and earlier models of electrical field flow fractionation (ELFFF) have assumed that the electric field within the fluid domain is governed by Laplace's equation. This assumption results in a linear potential and a spatially constant field across the channel and is generally true for very dilute systems and relatively high effective potentials. Experimental studies show, however, that the effective potential within the channel may be less than 1% of the applied potential; this is apparently due to double layer formation and charge buildup at the poles. In such cases, local analyte concentrations can, nonetheless, be orders of magnitude higher than the bulk mean and the local potential small, both of which can lead to a nonlinear spatial distribution of the field strength. In such cases Poisson's equation must be used rather than Laplace's equation. Steady‐state ELFFF simulations were performed using a Poisson's equation‐based model. The domain in which Laplace's equation is valid was identified and the effects of concentration and effective field strength on device performance were explored.
Analysis of yohimbine alkaloid from Pausinystalia yohimbe by non‐aqueous capillary electrophoresis and gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Qinhua , Li Peng , Zhang Zhuo , Li Kaijun , Liu Jia , Li Qiang 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn the present work, the qualitative and quantitative analysis of Pausinystalia yohimbe‐type alkaloids in the barks of Rubiaceae species is presented using different analytical approaches. Extracts of P. yohimbe were first examined by GC‐MS and the major alkaloids were identified. The quantitation of yohimbine was then accomplished by non‐aqueous CE (NACE) with diode array detection. This approach was selected in order to use a running buffer fully compatible with samples in organic solvent. In particular, a mixture of methanol containing ammonium acetate (20 mM) and glacial acetic acid was used as a BGE. The same analytical sample was subjected to GC‐MS and NACE analysis; the different selectivity displayed by these techniques allowed different separation profiles that can be useful in phytochemical characterization of the extracts. The linear calibration ranges were all 10–1000 μg/mL for yohimbine by GC‐MS and NACE analysis. The recovery of yohimbine was 91.2–94.0% with RSD 1.4–4.3%. The LOD for yohimbine were 0.6 μg/mL by GC‐MS and 1.0 μg/mL by NACE, respectively. The GC‐MS and NACE methods were successfully validated and applied to the quantitation of yohimbine.
Optimizing protein extraction from plant tissues for enhanced proteomics analysis
Authors: Wang Wei , Tai Fuju , Chen Shaoning 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPlant tissues usually contain high levels of proteases and secondary metabolites that severely interfere with protein extraction, separation, and identification. Preparation of high‐quality protein samples from plant tissues for proteomic analysis represents a great challenge. This article briefly describes the critical points in protein separation, especially secondary metabolites in plant tissues, and removal strategy. It provides an updated overview of three total protein extraction methods and their applications in proteomic analysis of various recalcitrant tissues.
Porous polymer monoliths for extraction: Diverse applications and platforms
Authors: Potter Oscar G. , Hilder Emily F. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPolymer monoliths are becoming increasingly popular as sorbent materials, and, along with silica monoliths, they are sometimes touted as replacements for the particulate stationary phases used in HPLC. This critical and prospective review shows how polymer monoliths are in fact finding numerous extraction roles that do not resemble HPLC. They are showing great promise as extractors in a remarkable range of platforms, formats and hyphenated systems with functions ranging from chromatographic preconcentration to large‐scale preparative extraction. Monolith surface chemistry, morphology and the approaches to monolith synthesis are discussed with regards to these emerging roles.
Hyphenation in sample preparation: Advancement from the micro to the nano world
Authors: Ali Imran , Gupta Vinod.K. , Aboul‐Enein Hassan Y. , Hussain Afzal 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAnalysis at trace levels, an ideal area of application for hyphenated techniques, is steadily gaining importance. Many sample pre‐concentration and clean‐up methods have been hyphenated with core analytical techniques to accomplish the task of low level detection. The present article describes the state of the art of hyphenation of various techniques such as solid phase extraction, micro‐solid phase extraction, dialysis, and chromatographic modalities etc. with liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and spectroscopic methods. Besides, attempts have been made to address the hyphenation approach in microfluidic devices.
Traditional Chinese medicine and separation science
Authors: Liu Shao , Yi Lun‐Zhao , Liang Yi‐Zeng 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTraditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) are getting more and more popular nowadays in the whole world for improving health condition of human beings as well as preventing and healing diseases. TCM is a multi‐component system with components mostly unknown, and only a few compounds are responsible for the pharmaceutical and/or toxic effects. The large numbers of other components in the TCM make the screening and analysis of the bioactive components extremely difficult. So, separation and analysis of the desired chemical components in TCM are very important subjects for modernization research of TCM. Thus, many novel separation techniques with significant advantages over conventional methods were introduced and applied to separation and analysis of the chemical constituents in TCM. This review presents just a brief outline of the applications of different separation methods for the isolation and analysis of TCM constituents.