bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Online Professional Master of Science in Food Safety Degree Program at Michigan State University: An Innovative Graduate Education in Food Safety
Authors: Mather Edward C. , McNiel Pattie A. 
Published: January 2008

A market-research study conducted in 2000 indicated a need for a degree program in food safety that would cover all aspects of the food system, from production to consumption. Despite this, such a program was not enthusiastically supported by employers, who feared losing their valued employees while they were enrolled in traditional on-campus graduate programs.A terminal professional degree was successfully created, offered, and modified over the succeeding five years. The innovative, non-traditional online program was developed to include a core curriculum and leadership training, with elective courses providing flexibility in specific areas of student interest or need.The resulting Professional Master of Science in Food Safety degree program provides a transdisciplinary approach for the protection of an increasingly complex food system and the improvement of public health. Enrollment in the program steadily increased in the first three years of delivery, with particular interest from industry and government employees.The curriculum provides a platform of subject material from which certificate programs, short-courses, seminars, workshops, and executive training programs may be delivered, not only to veterinarians but also to related food and health specialists. The program has fulfilled a need for adult learners to continue as working professionals in the workforce. The benefit to the employer and to society is an individual with enhanced knowledge and networking and leadership skills.
Increased Student Self-Confidence in Clinical Reasoning Skills Associated with Case-Based Learning (CBL)
Authors: Patterson Jon S. 
Published: January 2008

Second-year veterinary students were surveyed at the beginning and end of a 15-week semester regarding their confidence in performing three clinical reasoning skills: (1) making Problem Lists; (2) making Rule-Out Lists; and (3) selecting appropriate diagnostic tests. Each week during the semester, these skills were practiced in small-group case discussions. Changes in self-confidence were analyzed and studied in light of faculty assessments of student competence in performance of the three skills. Rationale – The purpose of the study was to determine if students’ self-confidence in performing three clinical reasoning skills increased with practice. Methodology – On the first and last days of class, students rated their confidence in each of the three skills on a scale of 0 to 10. Mean confidence scores for the whole class both for time points and for each of the three skills were analyzed. Results – There were significant increases in students’ self-confidence in all three clinical reasoning skills over the semester each year. A greater percentage of students expressed improved confidence in selecting appropriate diagnostic tests than in the other two skills in three of the four years studied. Conclusions – Students’ self-confidence in performing three clinical reasoning skills improved over the course of a semester in which they practiced the skills in a CBL format. Subjective faculty assessment of students’ competence in these skills generally indicated improvement. However, no meaningful conclusions about the correlation of skill competence and student confidence could be drawn because of inadequacies in the measurement of student performance.
Forecasting Veterinary School Admission Probabilities for Undergraduate Student Profiles
Authors: Green William H. , Watson Susan E. , Kennedy Gary A. , Miceli Claire A. , Taboada Joseph 
Published: January 2008

Increased competition for veterinary school admission has created a need to determine whether individual students are likely to be successful candidates for veterinary school admission early in their undergraduate careers. Students invest considerable time and money in pre-veterinary courses of study, hoping for acceptance into professional veterinary school. A forecasting model was developed to predict the likelihood of students with particular characteristics gaining acceptance. Characteristics such as gender, age, size of high school, and ACT, are known upon entrance into college and can be used to determine the likelihood of an individual's being accepted. Data were gathered from the Louisiana State University College of Veterinary Medicine (LSU-CVM) admissions for all students applying to veterinary school for the classes of 2006 through 2008 from the top two agricultural programs in the state in terms of quantity of applicants to veterinary school: Louisiana State University and Louisiana Tech University. A one-way ANOVA was used to examine whether there were any statistical differences between known demographic and performance variables and acceptance into veterinary school. A logit forecasting model was then estimated to predict the likelihood of gaining acceptance into veterinary school based only on variables known early in the student's undergraduate career. Age, gender, and ACT scores were determined to be important variables in determining the likelihood of gaining admission. Overall, the forecasting model is of use in assigning probabilities of acceptance into veterinary school for specific student profiles, which can assist in one-on-one assistance from advisor to student.
Miscible displacements with a chemical reaction in a capillary tube
Authors: Nagatsu Yuichiro , Hosokawa Yuji , Kato Yoshihito , Tada Yutaka , Ueda Toshihisa 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMiscible displacement of a more‐viscous liquid by a less‐viscous one with a chemical reaction in a capillary tube was investigated experimentally and theoretically. In such a flow field, the less‐viscous liquid continuously leaks from the tip of the finger‐shaped boundary between the two liquids to form another thin finger depending on flow condition. This is called a “spike.” Experimental results show that in the spike product is clearly or scarcely observed when the initial reactant concentration in the less‐viscous liquid is sufficiently larger or smaller than the stoichiometry, respectively. On the basis of theoretical results, a model is proposed in which the difference in the reaction plane's location in either the less‐viscous liquid or in the boundary (determined by the variation in the initial reactant concentrations) results in a significant difference between the locations of the boundary and the reaction plane, this difference being affected by the spike configuration of the boundary. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
A multicenter retrospective clinical study of CD5/CD10‐negative chronic B cell leukemias
Authors: Goldaniga Maria , Ferrario Andrea , Cortelazzo Sergio , Guffanti Andrea , Pavone Enzo , Ambrosetti Achille , Marcheselli Luigi , Rossi Francesca , Luminari Stefano , Rossi Andrea , Cro Lilla , Federico Massimo , Lambertenghi Deliliers Giorgio , Baldini Luca 
Published: January 2008

AbstractCD5‐negative chronic B cell lymphoproliferative disorders in leukemic phase (B‐CLPD) are heterogeneous and relatively uncommon pathologies that often lack a histopathological definition because of the absence of accessible pathological tissue. We describe the clinical features and evolution‐related variables of 156 patients with CD5/CD10‐negative B‐CLPD (median age 66 years, range 25–86). The median follow‐up was 51 months (range 6–216), and overall 3‐ and 5‐year survival was respectively 87 and 76%; 50 patients needed therapy at diagnosis, 56 during follow‐up, and 50 remained untreated until the last control. A combined clinical, histological, cytomorphological, immunophenotypical, and cytogenetic diagnostic approach allowed the complete classification of only a minority of patients as being affected by splenic marginal zone or lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma; the majority of cases remained unclassifiable. Multivariate analysis showed that the clinicohematological variables adversely related to overall survival were serum LDH levels and age, whereas high serum LDH levels, hemoglobin levels of <11 g/dl, and splenomegaly related to treatment‐free time (in “wait and see” cases); only splenomegaly related to time to progression (in treated patients). In conclusion, our retrospective study describes the clinical features and variables related to evolution in a large group of patients with CD5/CD10‐negative chronic B‐cell lymphoid leukemias and underlines the fact that a probable lymphoplasmacytic or marginal zone normal cell origin can be supposed in such leukemic forms, but never surely demonstrated. Am. J. Hematol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lithium response and genetic variation in the CREB family of genes
Authors: Mamdani Firoza , Alda Martin , Grof Paul , Young L. Trevor , Rouleau Guy , Turecki Gustavo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBipolar disorder (BD) is a severe psychiatric disorder that affects 1% of the population. Recently, there have been many attempts to identify specific genes that are involved in BD; however, the task of finding susceptibility genes is not easy due to the complexity of the disorder. Since lithium (Li) has been used for over 40 years now as an effective prophylactic agent and response to Li treatment seems to be, at least in part, genetically determined, classification according to Li response is a manner through which more homogeneous populations can be obtained for investigation. It has previously been suggested that Li exerts an effect on signal transduction pathways, such as the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pathway. We carried out an association study of BD with CREB1, CREB2 and CREB3 genes, located at ch 2q32.3‐q34, 22q13.1 and 9pter‐p22.1, respectively. A total of three promoter single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP), 14 SNPs in the UTR, 6 exonic and 15 intronic SNPs were investigated for their frequency and haplotype distribution in a BD sample of 180 lithium responders and 69 nonresponders and 127 controls using a SNaPshot multiplex reaction from Applied Biosystems, a modified fluorescent single base pair extension procedure. Following correction for multiple testing, our results suggest that the CREB1‐1H SNP (G/A change, P < 0.002) and the CREB1‐7H SNP (T/C change, P < 0.002) may be associated with BD and/or lithium response. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
No evidence for involvement of genetic variants in the X‐linked neuroligin genes NLGN3 and NLGN4X in probands with autism spectrum disorder on high functioning level
Authors: Wermter Anne‐Kathrin , Kamp‐Becker Inge , Strauch Konstantin , Schulte‐Körne Gerd , Remschmidt Helmut 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSeveral lines of evidence indicate a role of mutations in the two X‐linked genes neuroligin 3 (NLGN3) and neuroligin 4 (NLGN4X) in the etiology of autistic spectrum disorders. To analyze whether genetic variants in the NLGN3 and NLGN4X genes occurs in patients with autistic disorders on high functioning level, we performed a mutation screen of both genes using SSCP in 107 probands with Asperger syndrome, high‐functioning autism and atypical autism. We identified four polymorphisms (rs2290488, rs7049300, rs3747333, rs3747334) and one novel synonymous variant (A558) in the NLGN4X. The polymorphisms rs7049300, rs3747333, and rs3747334 did not cause any amino acid substitutions in the total of the eight detected carriers. A family‐based association study for rs2290488 in 101 trios did not reveal association of this polymorphism with autistic disorders on high functioning level. We conclude that there is no evidence for an involvement of NLGN3 and NLGN4X genetic variants with autism spectrum disorder on high functioning level in our study group. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical issues raised by incorporation of genetics into the National Birth Defects Prevention Study
Authors: Jenkins Mary M. , Rasmussen Sonja A. , Moore Cynthia A. , Honein Margaret A. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractInvestigators involved in public health research must conduct high‐quality studies that advance scientific knowledge for the collective benefit of the public's health, while at the same time ensuring that the individual rights of human subjects are protected. Successful completion of the Human Genome Project provides greater opportunity to incorporate the study of genetic factors into public health research. Integration of DNA specimen collection into epidemiological studies of complex disorders, such as birth defects, is necessary to identify genetic risk factors that affect susceptibility to potentially modifiable environmental risk factors, but collection of DNA samples often heightens concerns about ethical issues. Some of these issues include ensuring informed consent in an ongoing study as new genetic risk factors and novel genetic technologies for study continue to be identified, achieving a balance between improving participation using incentives and avoiding coercion, ensuring confidentiality of individual genetic data, and considering when and how to report research results to study participants. We present a discussion of ethical issues addressed by investigators of the National Birth Defects Prevention Study, a multisite, population‐based, case–control study of risk factors for birth defects, which has incorporated the study of genetic risk factors. Study participants include infants and young children whose parents consent on their behalf, increasing the complexity of the ethical issues. Discussion of these issues and the methods employed to ensure protection of human subjects might be helpful to other investigators working to integrate genetics into large epidemiological studies. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
“You're one of us now”: Young people describe their experiences of predictive genetic testing for Huntington disease (HD) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)
Authors: Duncan Rony E. , Gillam Lynn , Savulescu Julian , Williamson Robert , Rogers John G. , Delatycki Martin B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThere has been much debate about the psychosocial effects of predictive genetic testing in minors. The majority of this debate has been theoretical, with little empirical evidence published. We conducted in‐depth interviews with 18 young people who had undergone testing, to explore the range of harms and benefits that they perceived were associated with their tests. Participants were eight individuals who were tested for Huntington disease (two gene‐positive, six gene‐negative) and ten who were tested for familial adenomatous polyposis (five gene‐positive, five gene‐negative). At the time of their test they ranged from 10 to 25 years of age. When interviewed they ranged from 14 to 26 years of age. Harms described included knowledge of future illness, witnessing distress in parents, negative effects on family relationships and friendships, effects upon employment and school, experiencing regret, feeling guilty and having to confront difficult issues. Benefits included knowledge of gene‐negative status, relief from uncertainty, witnessing relief in parents, feeling able to plan for the future, positive effects on family relationships and friendships, feeling empowered and experiencing a sense of clarity about what is important in life. Harms were described in relation to gene‐negative test results, as were benefits in relation to gene‐positive test results. The testing process itself had several positive and negative effects for young people, distinct from the actual test result. Future research concerning the effects of predictive genetic testing in young people must remain broad and should aim to measure the beneficial as well as the harmful effects that resonate for young people themselves. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ethical implications of including children in a large biobank for genetic‐epidemiologic research: A qualitative study of public opinion
Authors: Kaufman David , Geller Gail , LeRoy Lisa , Murphy Juli , Scott Joan , Hudson Kathy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe National Institutes of Health and other federal agencies are considering initiating a cohort study of 500,000 people, including 120,000 children, to measure genetic and environmental influences on common diseases. A community engagement pilot study was conducted to identify public attitudes and concerns about the proposed cohort study, including the ethics of involving children. The pilot included 15 focus groups where the inclusion of children in the proposed cohort study was discussed. Focus groups, conducted in six cities, included 141 adults of different ages, incomes, genders, ethnicities, and races. Many of the concerns expressed by participants mirrored those addressed in pediatric research guidelines. These concerns included minimizing children's fear, pain, and burdens; whether to include young children; and how to obtain children's assent. There was little agreement about which children can assent. Some voiced concern about children's privacy, but most expected that parents would have access to children's study results. Some believed children would not benefit from participating, while others identified personal and societal benefits that might accrue. A few people believed that children's participation would not advance the study's goals. To successfully include children, proposed cohort study would need to address children's changing capabilities and rights as they grow and reach the age of consent. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tribological behavior of a carbon‐nanofiber‐modified santoprene thermoplastic elastomer under dry sliding and fretting conditions against steel
Authors: Karger‐Kocsis J. , Felhös D. , Thomann R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractVapor‐grown carbon nanofiber (CNF) was incorporated in concentrations of 0.9 and 4.5 wt % into a thermoplastic dynamic vulcanizate (TPV), Santoprene 8201‐80HT, by melt blending. CNF was introduced from its aqueous dispersion with crumb ethylene/propylene/diene rubber as the carrier. The dispersion of the CNF was studied with transmission electron microscopy. The TPV compounds were characterized by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, hardness measurements, and tensile and tear tests. For their tribotesting, different test configurations (pin on plate and roller on plate, where the plate was always the rubber) were adopted. The oscillation wear (fretting) of the CNF‐modified TPVs was also studied. The coefficient of friction and specific wear rate of the TPVs were determined for each tribotest. These friction and wear parameters strongly depended on the tribotests' configurations. With increasing CNF content, the coefficient of friction and wear rate decreased for the pin‐on‐plate configuration. On the other hand, no such clear tendency could be deduced for the roller‐on‐plate configuration and fretting. The worn surfaces of the specimens were inspected with scanning electron microscopy, and the related mechanisms were discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Application of fractional calculus to the modeling of the complex rheological behavior of polymers: From the glass transition to flow behavior. I. The theoretical model
Authors: Reyes‐Melo M. E. , González‐González V. A. , Guerrero‐Salazar C. A. , García‐Cavazos F. , Ortiz‐Méndez U. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA model based on the concept of fractional calculus is proposed for the description of the dynamic elastic modulus (E* = E′ + iE″, where E* is the complex modulus, E′ is the storage modulus, or real part of the complex modulus, and E″ is the loss modulus, or imaginary part of the complex modulus) under isothermal and isochronal conditions for amorphous polymers, including both the glass transition process and the flow behavior. The differential equations obtained for this model, which we call the extended fractional Zener model (EFZM), have differential and/or integral operators of fractional order between 0 and 1. The application of the Fourier transform to the fractional equation of the EFZM, the association of their parameters to the relaxation times of the cooperative or noncooperative molecular movements of polymer chains, and the isothermal and isochronal diagrams of E′ and tan δ = E″/E′ were evaluated. These theoretical diagrams were typical curves that clearly showed the glass‐transition (α‐relaxation) and flow behavior. The EFZM will enable us to analyze the complex rheological behavior of amorphous polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and characterization of polyimide/Al2O3 hybrid films by sol–gel process
Authors: Ma Pengchang , Nie Wei , Yang Zhenghua , Zhang Peihong , Li Gang , Lei Qingquan , Gao Lianxun , Ji Xiangling , Ding Mengxian 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA sol–gel process has been developed to prepare polyimide (PI)/Al2O3 hybrid films with different contents of Al2O3 based on pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and 4,4′‐oxydianiline (ODA) as monomers. FESEM and TEM images indicated that Al2O3 particles are relatively well dispersed in the polyimide matrix after ultrasonic treatment of the sol from aluminum isopropoxide and thermal imidization of the gel film. The dimensional stability, thermal stability, mechanical properties of hybrid PI films were improved obviously by an addition of adequate Al2O3 content, whereas, dielectric property and the elongation at break decreased with the increase of Al2O3 content. Surprisingly, the corona‐resistance property of hybrid film was improved greatly with increasing Al2O3 content within certain range as compared with pure PI film. Especially, the hybrid film with 15 wt % of Al2O3 content exhibited obviously enhanced corona‐resistance property, which was explained by the formation of compact Al2O3 network in hybrid film. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Converting waste plastic containing acrylonitrile into a water‐absorbent polymer
Authors: Inagaki Yasuhito 
Published: January 2008

AbstractWaste ABS (acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene) resin and waste AS (acrylonitrile‐styrene) resin used for videocassettes were converted into a water‐absorbent polymer. Concretely, these waste resins containing acrylonitrile were made to react with heated high‐concentration sulfuric acid. In this chemical modification, the acrylonitrile portion and the styrene portion in the AS resin were hydrolyzed and sulfonated, respectively. We studied the relationship between the water absorbency of the modified waste AS and the conditions of chemical modification. It was confirmed that the water absorbency greatly depends on the degree of hydrolysis of the acrylonitrile portion in the waste AS resin. We have succeeded in developing a water‐absorbent polymer, which can absorb water of about 800 times of its own weight by the chemical modification of the waste AS resin. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.
Physicochemical study of the complexation of poly(acrylic acid) with Cu2+ ions in water
Authors: Iatridi Z. , Bokias G. , Kallitsis J. K. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe complexation of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) with Cu2+ ions in a dilute aqueous solution has been investigated as a function of the mixing molar ratio of the two species and the neutralization degree (i) of PAA by means of turbidimetry, viscometry, potentiometry, and ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometry. Turbidimetry reveals that, for i > 0.1, phase separation takes place when the mixing ratio approaches the critical value of two carboxylate ions per Cu2+ ion, which is indicative of the formation of a 2 : 1 polymer/metal complex. This complex is very compact, as evidenced by the very low reduced viscosity values obtained just before phase separation. The variation of the fraction of complexed carboxylate anions and complexed Cu2+ ions can be followed as a function of the mixing ratio and i from the analysis of the potentiometric results for i < 0.5. Finally, the combination of the potentiometric and UV–vis spectrophotometric results supports the idea that both mononuclear and binuclear PAA/Cu2+ complexes are formed in an aqueous solution, depending on the mixing ratio and i. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008