bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variables included in cerebral palsy registries globally: A scoping review
Authors: Katangwe Thembi J. , Kruger Mariana , Chimowa Takondwa , Maposa Innocent , Van Toorn Ronald , Solomons Regan , Donald Kirsten A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimTo identify cerebral palsy (CP) variables collected in CP registries from high‐income countries (HICs) and low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) to assist with the development of a regional CP registry relevant to the African region.MethodA systematic search of online databases to identify peer‐reviewed publications and grey literature about CP risk‐factor variables, using Ovid MEDLINE, Embase Ovid, CINAHL, and Google Scholar.ResultsA total of 197 studies published from global CP registries between 1990 and 2023 were identified. CP registries both from HICs and from LMICs included variables on prenatal CP risk factors. LMIC registries focused more on socioeconomic factors (the physical structure of the family home [21.1%, n = 8, in LMICs vs 1.7%, n = 2, in HICs]). Prenatal modifiable and non‐modifiable risk factors were emphasized in HICs. LMIC registries included more postnatal CP risk‐factor variables than HIC registries, including history of postnatal jaundice (15.8%, n = 6, in LMICs vs 6.9%, n = 8, in HICs) and postnatal head trauma (10.5%, n = 4, in LMICs vs 5.2%, n = 6, in HICs).InterpretationCP registries are currently more available in HICs than in LMICs. Differences in CP risk factors account for most of the differences in variables included in HICs and LMICs. Comparing variables used by CP registries in HICs and LMICs suggests the importance of understanding contextually relevant factors for regional registry design.
Maladaptive response following glucose overload in GLUT4‐overexpressing H9C2 cardiomyoblasts
Authors: Stratmann Bernd , Eggers Britta , Mattern Yvonne , de Carvalho Tayana Silva , Marcus‐Alic Katrin , Tschoepe Diethelm 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGlucose overload drives diabetic cardiomyopathy by affecting the tricarboxylic acid pathway. However, it is still unknown how cells could overcome massive chronic glucose influx on cellular and structural level.Methods/MaterialsExpression profiles of hyperglycemic, glucose transporter‐4 (GLUT4) overexpressing H9C2 (KE2) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (KE230L) and wild type (WT) cardiomyoblasts loaded with 30 mM glucose (WT30L) were compared using proteomics, real‐time polymerase quantitative chain reaction analysis, or Western blotting, and immunocytochemistry.ResultsThe findings suggest that hyperglycemic insulin‐sensitive cells at the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy present complex changes in levels of structural cell‐related proteins like tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases‐1 (1.3 fold), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (1.8 fold), type‐IV‐collagen (3.2 fold), chaperones (Glucose‐Regulated Protein 78: 1.8 fold), autophagy (Autophagosome Proteins LC3A, LC3B: 1.3 fold), and in unfolded protein response (UPR; activating transcription factor 6α expression: 2.3 fold and processing: 2.4 fold). Increased f‐actin levels were detectable with glucose overload by immnocytochemistry. Effects on energy balance (1.6 fold), sirtuin expression profile (Sirtuin 1: 0.7 fold, sirtuin 3: 1.9 fold, and sirtuin 6: 4.2 fold), and antioxidant enzymes (Catalase: 0.8 fold and Superoxide dismutase 2: 1.5 fold) were detected.ConclusionIn conclusion, these findings implicate induction of chronic cell distress by sustained glucose accumulation with a non‐compensatory repair reaction not preventing final cell death. This might explain the chronic long lasting pathogenesis observed in developing heart failure in diabetes mellitus.
Selective reporting of placebo tests in top economics journals
Authors: Dreber Anna , Johannesson Magnus , Yang Yifan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPlacebo tests provide incentives to underreport statistically significant tests, a form of reversed p‐hacking. We test for such underreporting in 11 top economics journals between 2009 and 2021 based on a pre‐registered analysis plan. If the null hypothesis is true in all tests, 2.5% of them should be significant at the 5% level with an effect in the same direction as the main test (and 5% in total). The actual fraction of statistically significant placebo tests with an effect in the same direction is 1.29% (95% CI [0.83, 1.63]), and the overall fraction of statistically significant placebo tests is 3.10% (95% CI [2.2, 4.0]).
Host aphid immunosuppression by Aphidius ervi venom
Authors: Russo Elia , Becchimanzi Andrea , Magoga Giulia , Montagna Matteo , Di Lelio Ilaria , Pennacchio Francesco 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe host immunosuppression by parasitic wasps is an important component of the host regulation strategy. The venom injected at the oviposition is one of the key‐factors involved in this host alteration and, in some parasitoids, its immunosuppressive role is complemented by wasp's symbionts. Most studies in this research area are related to hosts belonging to Lepidoptera and Diptera, for which a strong immune response is observed, whereas little is known for hemimetabolous host species, characterized by apparently much weaker defense barriers. To fill this research gap, here we focus on the host–parasitoid system Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) – Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). We functionally characterized a serine protease homolog (AeSPH) protein in vivo, identified in the venom of the aphid endoparasitoid A. ervi, generating AeSPH‐depleted female wasps by RNA interference and evaluating their capacity to successfully parasitize the host. Parasitism success rate was negatively affected by AeSPH knockdown and associated with an increased phenoloxidase (PO) cascade activation in aphids, scored by measuring PO enzymatic activity and the expression of phenoloxidase activating factor 2, a proPO‐activating gene upregulated in response to A. ervi parasitism. Our results indicate that AeSPH contributes to parasitism success by inhibiting the melanization response of the host, which is therefore an important component of the defense barriers involved in the parasitoid egg suppression. The ongoing studies on other virulence factors in A. ervi venom will allow to further characterize the immunosuppression strategy and its possible broader role in the host regulation through its action on aphid symbiont development.
Sequential sampling plans for Orgyia trigotephras infesting Quercus coccifera forests in North Africa
Authors: Ezzine Olfa , Mannu Roberto , Hammami Sonia , Francesconi Ana Helena Dias , Lentini Andrea , Ben Jamâa Mohamed Lahbib 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe tussock moth, Orgyia trigotephras Boisduval (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), is one of the main emerging pests of kermes oak, Quercus coccifera L. (Fagaceae), in the Mediterranean area, where it can cause the defoliation of several hectares of forests during its population outbreaks. Despite this, no specific sampling procedures to properly estimate the population density of this pest have been developed yet. The aims of this research were to develop and compare enumerative and binomial sequential sampling plans to estimate the population density of O. trigotephras in forest environments. Data were collected in four forest stands dominated by Q. coccifera in Tunisia for 7 years (from 2013 to 2019) to take into consideration the potential spatio‐temporal variability in pest density. Plant community composition was determined at the beginning of the experimental trials, and enumerative and binomial sampling plans were developed at precision levels of 0.15 and 0.25. Over the entire sampling period, the average O. trigotephras egg batch density differed significantly among sites. Sample sizes of enumerative sampling plans were approximately 39 and 109 trees to estimate an average density of 0.50 O. trigotephras egg batches per tree at the precision levels of 0.25 and 0.15, respectively. Instead, binomial sequential sampling plans required smaller sampling sizes than the enumerative sampling plan. Our findings represent the baseline to develop a program for monitoring O. trigotephras at a large spatial scale.
Parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with their mental health: A dyadic coping perspective
Authors: Lippold Melissa A. , Jensen Michaeline , Chase Gregory E. , Wyman Kacey , Jenkins Melissa R. , Mohanty Somya , Bodenmann Guy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmerging adults (EAs) are at high risk for mental health challenges and frequently reach out to their parents for support. Yet little is known about how parents help emerging adults manage and cope with daily stressors and which strategies help and which hinder EA mental health. In this cross‐sectional pilot study of students at a 2‐ and 4‐year college (ages 18–25, N = 680, mean age = 19.0), we extend models of dyadic coping from intimate relationships to the parent‐emerging adult relationship and test whether six specific parent strategies to help emerging adults manage stress are associated with EA mental health. Emerging adults with parents who provided problem and emotion‐focused supportive dyadic coping, delegated dyadic coping, and common/joint dyadic coping reported fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression, as well as higher levels of psychological well‐being. In contrast, college‐attending emerging adults who reported higher levels of parent‐provided negative dyadic coping reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms and lower psychological well‐being. Parent‐emerging adult dyadic coping is a fruitful area for future research and intervention development.
Overlooked seed‐dispersal modes and underestimated distances
Authors: González‐Varo Juan P. , Rumeu Beatriz , Bracho‐Estévanez Claudio A. , Acevedo‐Limón Lucía , Baltzinger Christophe , Lovas‐Kiss Ádám , Green Andy J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLong‐distance seed dispersal is a crucial process determining the distribution of plant biodiversity and, therefore, of major interest in biogeography and macroecology. A recent data article on Global Ecology and Biogeography presented a database of estimated seed‐dispersal distance classes for the European flora, where the classes are defined by the morphological dispersal syndrome of species associated with a single dispersal mode. We explain how this article overlooks literature on the unreliable capacity of dispersal syndromes for predicting key dispersal modes involved in long‐distance seed dispersal. Consequently, the published database does not consider the possibility that individual species can naturally be dispersed through multiple modes (polychory). Most importantly, the database consistently omits seed‐dispersal modes that can mediate dispersal distances several orders of magnitude longer than the mode predicted by the syndromes. This is the case of many terrestrial and aquatic plants dispersed by animals, notably ungulates and waterbirds, and that of coastal plants dispersed by the sea. We thus urge caution when using this database to model potential plant dispersal because long‐distance seed dispersal is underestimated in many species.
Using focus groups to inform a peer health navigator service for people who are transgender and gender diverse in Saskatchewan, Canada
Authors: Rose Gwen , McCarron Michelle , Reid Mel , Fayant‐McLeod T. , Gulka Emily , Young James , Clark Megan , Madill Stéphanie J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated healthcare access and quality for people who are transgender and gender‐diverse (PTGD) in Saskatchewan (SK), Canada, to inform a larger project that was piloting two peer health navigators for PTGD.MethodsTwo online focus groups were held. Nineteen participants were recruited to represent a broad range in age, gender and location in SK. Transcripts of the focus groups were analyzed using a thematic approach.ResultsThe core theme that was identified was participants' desire for culturally safe healthcare. This core theme had two component themes: (1) systemic healthcare factors and (2) individual healthcare provider (HCP) factors. The healthcare system primarily acted as a barrier to culturally safe healthcare. HCPs could be either barriers or facilitators of culturally safe care; however, negative experiences outweighed positive ones.ConclusionsPTGD in SK face discrimination, with delays and barriers to care at all levels of the healthcare system. Peer health navigators can address some of these discrepancies; however, greater support is required for PTGD to be able to access culturally safe healthcare.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with lived experience/PTGD were involved in all stages of this project. They were included on the team as community researchers and co‐developed the research project, conducted the focus groups, participated in the analyses and are co‐authors. As well, both navigators and all the participants in the focus groups were also PTGD.
Fluctuating salience in those living with genetic risk of motor neuron disease: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Howard Jade , Mazanderani Fadhila , Keenan Karen Forrest , Turner Martin R. , Locock Louise 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMotor neuron disease (MND) (also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) is a life‐limiting neurodegenerative condition. In up to 20% of people with MND, a pathogenic variant associated with autosomal dominant inheritance can be identified. Children of people carrying a pathogenic variant have a 50% chance of inheriting this and a higher, although harder to predict, chance of developing the disease compared to the general adult population. This paper explores the experience of living with the genetic risk of MND.MethodsWe undertook a UK‐based interview study with 35 individuals, including: 7 people living with genetically‐mediated forms of MND; 24 asymptomatic relatives, the majority of whom had an increased risk of developing the disease; and 4 unrelated partners.ResultsWe explore how individuals make sense of genetic risk, unpacking the interplay between genetic knowledge, personal perception, experiences of the disease in the family, age and life stage and the implications that living with risk has for different aspects of their lives. We balance an emphasis on the emotional and psychological impact described by participants, with a recognition that the salience of risk fluctuates over time. Furthermore, we highlight the diverse strategies and approaches people employ to live well in the face of uncertainty and the complex ways they engage with the possibility of developing symptoms in the future. Finally, we outline the need for open‐ended, tailored support and information provision.ConclusionsDrawing on wider literature on genetic risk, we foreground how knowledge of MND risk can disrupt individuals' taken‐for‐granted assumptions on life and perceptions of the future, but also its contextuality, whereby its relevance becomes more prominent at critical junctures. This research has been used in the development of a public‐facing resource on the healthtalk.org website.Patient or Public ContributionPeople with experience of living with genetic risk were involved throughout the design and conduct of the study and advised on aspects including the topic guide, sampling and recruitment and the developing analysis. Two patient and public involvement contributors joined a formal advisory panel.
β‐Catenin alterations in testicular Leydig cell tumour: a immunohistochemical and molecular analysis
Authors: Kitagawa Yukiko , De Biase Dario , Ricci Costantino , Cornejo Kristine M , Fiorentino Michelangelo , Collins Katrina , Idrees Muhammad T , Colecchia Maurizio , Ulbright Thomas M , Acosta Andres Martin 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundTesticular Leydig cell tumours (LCTs) are the most common type of sex cord–stromal tumour in men, representing 1%–3% of all testicular neoplasms. Among testicular sex cord–stromal tumours, CTNNB1 mutations and nuclear expression of β‐catenin have been typically associated with Sertoli cell tumour. Recent genomic analyses have shown that CTNNB1 variants are also identified in a subset of LCTs; however, the frequency and clinicopathologic associations of β‐catenin alterations remain incompletely understood in this tumour type.MethodsIn this study, we evaluated 32 LCTs (five malignant/metastasizing, 27 nonmetastasizing) using β‐catenin immunohistochemistry and DNA sequencing.ResultsImmunohistochemistry revealed focal or multifocal nuclear β‐catenin expression in 47% of the tumours. Diffuse nuclear β‐catenin expression (in >50% of the tumour cells) was not detected in any of the cases analysed herein. Comparison of β‐catenin‐positive and β‐catenin‐negative cases did not show significant differences in the frequency of adverse histopathologic findings or malignant clinical behaviour. DNA sequencing performed de novo on a subset of seven cases revealed the presence of exon 3 CTNNB1 variants in four of them (4/7, 57%), with variant allele frequencies (VAF) ranging from 7 to 33%. Two additional β‐catenin‐positive cases that had been sequenced as part of a previous study harboured exon 3 CTNNB1 variants at VAF of 28% and 7%, respectively.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that β‐catenin alterations are relatively common in LCT, most likely occurring as subclonal events that are not enriched in cases with aggressive features. Further studies are needed to clarify the oncogenic role of β‐catenin in this tumour type.
Preparation of resistant starch‐type III from jackfruit seed starch as a promising prebiotic for the treatment of diabetes
Authors: Vu Minh‐Tan , Nguyen Thi Kim‐An , Nguyen Manh‐Ha , Nguyen Thi‐Huong , Nguyen Thanh‐Tung , Pham Thi Thu‐Ha , Nguyen Trung‐Duc , Nguyen Ngoc‐Tuan , Nguyen Phan‐Hang 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIn efforts to treat diabetics, foods containing anti‐digestible ingredients are a promising approach. Resistant starch (RS) is one of the prebiotic ingredients that has the ability to resist digestion and pass through the colon, reducing fat accumulation. The production of RS from natural ingredients is of interest. The results of producing RS from jackfruit seeds show that the RS content increased from 25.97% to 52.26% by heat‐moisture treatment. After the modification process, the starch granules remained undeformed but exhibited agglomeration and the crystalline structure changed from type A to type C. The thermal properties of the starch were improved (85.16–90.42 °C), and higher gelatinisation temperature, around 2–7 °C. However, its swelling and solubility decreased by 35.32–72.59% and 15.83–79.10%, corresponding.
The impact of labor market reforms on firm training for nonregular and regular workers
Authors: Ko Hyejin , Weaver Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNonstandard employment is typically associated with reduced opportunities for workers to accumulate human capital via job training. One policy response is to require equal access to training for nonstandard employees. In this study, we investigate the impact of a 2007 Korean labor‐market reform that required such access for nonstandard employees. Using a difference‐in‐difference methodology, we find that, overall, the reform reduced the incidence of employer‐provided training for both regular and nonregular workers. At the employer level, the negative effect for regular workers attenuates over time, implying some type of adaptation or evasion by employers that preserves differential rates of training. Although the main effects on training were negative, we find considerable heterogeneity in outcomes. Specifically, the presence of a union is associated with a significantly greater probability of postreform training for nonregular workers, while the presence of performance‐pay systems is associated with a significantly lower probability for nonregular workers and a higher probability for regular workers. Ultimately, these results imply that the success of labor‐market reforms that seek to improve nonstandard job quality depends upon employer and labor‐market characteristics. Such reforms may be most successful in situations where unions can help assure compliance with legislative intent.
Caregiver encouragement to act on objects is related with crawling infants' receptive language
Authors: Lopez Lukas D. , Walle Eric A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe progression from crawling to walking in infancy is associated with changes in infant language development. One possible explanation for such change is the infant's language environment. Prior research indicates that caregivers use more action directives with walking infants compared to crawling infants, but the relations of such parental speech with infant vocabulary is unknown. Here, we present findings from day‐long home audio recordings (Study 1) and laboratory observations (Study 2) of same‐aged crawling and walking infants to explore how caregiver language, specifically action directives, were associated with parent reported infant vocabulary size. Findings in both studies indicated that caregiver action directives were associated with crawling, but not walking infants' receptive vocabulary sizes. Specifically, action directives about objects occurring when the infant and caregiver were not jointly engaged were associated with higher receptive vocabulary scores for crawling infants, but no such pattern was found for walking infants. The replication of results in distinct samples with different research methodologies strengthens the findings. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that caregiver social engagement specific to infant motoric development is related with infant language learning.
Dancing at the crossroads: Lessons from Ireland on collective labour law reform
Authors: Eustace Alan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe past 20 years were convulsive for industrial relations in Ireland: from boom to bust and back again, with the Financial Crisis killing off national bargaining; the Supreme Court first undermining sectoral bargaining, then shifting back in favour of it; and of course, the Covid‐19 pandemic generating an overhaul of working conditions across society. All along, widespread industrial unrest has been notable by its absence. Long‐term decline in Irish trade union density continues, despite recent research showing significant popular support for trade unions, particularly among young workers. Now, the obligation to transpose the Directive on Adequate Minimum Wages has brought Ireland to a crossroads in collective labour law and industrial relations reform. How Ireland has responded to these pressures, internal and external, holds lessons for other jurisdictions, of which this article highlights three: a commitment to pragmatic adaptation over principled coherence makes measuring the success of any reform project difficult; different methods of reform enjoy varying levels of legitimacy; and disjunction between different levels of bargaining generates pressure on the system, including risks to the legitimacy of the system itself and the actors within it—particularly beleaguered trade unions.