bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hinged Ilizarov External Fixation for Correction of Antebrachial Deformities
Authors: MARCELLIN‐LITTLE DENIS J. , FERRETTI ANTONIO , ROE SIMON C. , DEYOUNG DAVID J. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To evaluate hinged circular external fixation for correction of antebrachial deformities in dogs.Study Design—Uncontrolled clinical trial.Animal Population—Seven client‐owned dogs.Methods—Six dogs had one radius corrected and one dog had both radii corrected. Preoperative planning included measurement of the craniocaudal and mediolateral angular deformities, rotational deformity, length deficit, origin of deformity, graphical or mathematical determination of the amplitude and direction of the actual limb deformity, and frame assembly.Results—Preoperatively, function and cosmesis were assessed to be fair to poor in all dogs. Deformity correction started 48 to 60 hours postoperatively and ranged from 0.46 mm to 1.36 mm twice daily. Hospitalization time ranged from 4 to 6 days. Corrections were mostly made by the owners, at home. Lengthening and angular correction ranged from 3 to 38 mm and 18° to 48°. Mean residual deformities were 2.7% of radial length and 2.7°. The time duration with the circular external fixators in place ranged from 29 to 71 days. Two additional surgeries were necessary in one dog because of wire breakage. Mean follow‐up was 40 months. Long‐term function and cosmesis were good to excellent in all dogs.Conclusion—Although complications were present in six of seven dogs, the outcome of hinged Ilizarov external fixation was successful in all dogs treated for deformities of the antebrachium.Clinical Relevance—Despite complex preoperative planning, the placement of hinged circular external fixators is straightforward, and allows precise correction of complex antebrachial deformities with minimal tissue trauma.
Single‐Stage Revision Using an Uncemented, Porous‐Coated, Anatomic Endoprosthesis in Two Dogs
Authors: MASSAT BRUNO J. , MILLER RICHARD T. , DEYOUNG BONNIE A. , SCHILLER RICHARD A. , ABERMAN HAROLD M. , DEYOUNG DAVID J. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To describe the clinical and radiographic features of septic and aseptic failure of two femoral endoprostheses and their successful revision.Study Design—Case report.Animals or Sample Population—Two skeletally mature male research dogs.Methods—An uncemented porous‐coated anatomic (PCA) endoprosthesis was implanted in a single‐stage revision procedure after thorough debridement and lavage of the femoral canal. An autogenous cancellous bone graft was used in dog 2 (aseptic loosening). Serial clinical and radiographic examinations were performed postoperatively. The dogs were euthanatized 1 year (dog 1) and 2 years (dog 2) after revision surgery, and necropsy was performed. High‐resolution contact radiographs and histopathologic evaluation of femoral sections were obtained.Results—The cause of implant failure was septic loosening in dog 1 and aseptic loosening in dog 2. In both dogs, clinical function returned to normal after revision. Serial radiographic assessment after revision documented disappearance of the bone pedestal and the periprosthetic lucency. Cancellous hypertrophy seen adjacent to the proximal porous‐coated region of the implants provided radiographic evidence of bony fixation. Histological evaluation of femoral sections documented successful implant integration with bone and fibrous tissue.Conclusion—Revision with an uncemented implant in a single‐stage procedure was successful in the two dogs described in this report.Clinical Relevance—This report provides a detailed description of the clinical course and serial radiographic assessment of septic and aseptic loosening of two femoral endoprostheses. Single‐stage revision is a potential treatment for either condition as demonstrated by the successful outcome in these two dogs.
Holding Power of Different Pin Designs and Pin Insertion Methods in Avian Cortical Bone
Authors: DEGERNES LAUREL A. , ROE SIMON C. , ABRAMS C. FRANK 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To measure pullout strength of four pin types in avian humeri and tibiotarsi bones and to compare slow‐speed power and hand insertion methods.Study Design—Axial pin extraction was measuredin vitroin avian bones.Animal Population—Four cadaver red‐tailed hawks and 12 live red‐tailed hawks.Methods—The pullout strength of four fixator pin designs was measured: smooth, negative profile threaded pins engaging one or two cortices and positive profile threaded pins. Part 1: Pins were placed in humeri and tibiotarsi after soft tissue removal. Part 2: Pins were placed in tibiotarsi in anesthetized hawks using slow‐speed power or hand insertion.Results—All threaded pins, regardless of pin design, had greater pullout strength than smooth pins in all parts of the study (P< .0001). The cortices of tibiotarsi were thicker than the cortices of humeri (P< .0001). There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between threaded pin types within or between bone groups. There were no differences between the pullout strength of pins placed by slow‐speed power or by hand.Conclusions—There is little advantage of one threaded pin type over another in avian humeri and tibiotarsi using currently available pin designs. There were few differences in pin pullout strengths between humeri and tibiotarsi bones. It is possible that the ease of hand insertion in thin cortices minimizes the potential for wobbling and therefore minimizes the difference between slow‐speed drill and hand insertion methods.Clinical Relevance—Threaded pins have superior bone holding strength in avian cortices and may be beneficial for use with external fixation devices in birds.
Cardiovascular Effects of Enoximone and Epinephrine on Heparin Reversal With Protamine in Conscious Dogs
Authors: SARITAS ZÜLFIKAR , SAMSAR ERDOGAN , GÖKGE PERRAN , KATIRCIOGLU S. FEHMI 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To compare enoximone with epinephrine as treatments for the cardiotoxic effects of protamine sulfate.Study Design—Prospective randomized study.Animal Population—12 healthy cross‐bred dogs weighing 23 ± 4 kg.Methods—The dogs were anesthetized with xylazine and ketamine to allow instrumentation. Femoral arterial and venous catheters were inserted for pressure monitoring and to allow drug infusion. A thermodilution catheter mounted with a fast response thermistor was inserted into the pulmonary artery via the jugular vein to measure cardiac output and right ventricular volumes. Heparin 300 units/kg followed by protamine 4.5 mg/kg were administered 45 minutes after the xylazine/ketamine. Four animals were not treated (controls), four received enoximone, and four were given epinephrine. Cardiopulmonary parameters were monitored for a period of 30 minutes.Results—Cardiac index was 104 ± 15 mL/kg/min in the enoximone group, 72 ± 13 mL/kg/ min in the epinephrine group, and 63 ± 10 mL/kg/min in the control group (P < .05 enoximone versus control and epinephrine). Right ventricular end systolic volume was 18 ± 3, 27 ± 4, and 29 ± 6 mL in the enoximone, epinephrine, and control groups (P < .05 enoximone versus control and epinephrine). There were no differences in mean arterial pressure or pulmonary and systemic vascular resistance between the groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In this study, enoximone was more effective than epinephrine at reversing the hemodynamic changes associated with protamine sulfate administration.
Urinary Bladder Marsupialization for Treatment of Obstructive Urolithiasis in Male Goats
Authors: MAY K.A. , MOLL H.D. , WALLACE L.M. , PLEASANT R.S. , HOWARD R.D. 
Published: February 2008

Objectives—To describe a surgical procedure for urinary bladder marsupialization and to report the results obtained from its use in the treatment of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.Study Design—Retrospective evaluation.Animals or Sample Population—Male goats with obstructive urolithiasis.Methods—Medical records of male goats that had urinary bladder marsupialization for the treatment of obstructive urolithiasis were reviewed. Data retrieved from the medical records included signalment, postoperative treatment, duration of hospitalization, and short‐term and long‐term complications. Median values for measured variables were calculated.Results—A total of 18 of 19 goats survived. Urinary flow was re‐established in all 19 goats at the conclusion of surgery. Short‐term postoperative complications (bladder mucosal prolapse and death) were observed in 2 goats. Long‐term postoperative complications (cystitis and fibrotic stomal closure) occurred in 2 animals. Median duration of hospitalization was 4 days. At the time of follow‐up, mild urine scald was reported for all goats. Clinical signs of upper urinary tract disease or obstruction were not reported. A total of 15 of 17 owners were satisfied with the procedure.Conclusions—Urinary bladder marsupialization provided long‐term resolution of urinary outflow obstruction in all goats with acceptable morbidity.Clinical Relevance—Urinary bladder marsupialization is a procedure that provides a good prognosis for long‐term resolution of obstructive urolithiasis in male goats.
Comparison of High Performance Liquid Chromatography and Immunoassay Methods for Measurement of Cyclosporine A Blood Concentrations After Feline Kidney Transplantation
Authors: McANULTY JONATHAN F. , LENSMEYER GARY L. 
Published: February 2008

Objective—To compare two methods of whole blood cyclosporine A (CsA) measurement in cats. Study Design—Whole blood samples were analyzed for CsA concentrations with use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and monoclonal immunoassay methods. Animals—Blood (n = 36 samples) was obtained from six cats after renal transplantation. Methods—Results were compared by linear regression analysis using both pooled and individual patient data. Eight samples were off‐scale on the immunoassay and were excluded. Results—There was significant correlation between CsA measured using HPLC and immunoassay methods (P < .001; r= .942; r2= .887). However, individuals varied nonrandomly from the mean pooled patient data. Correlation between the assay methods was higher for individual patients using data only from that specific individual (mean r value = .976; r2= .955). Clinical utility of the immunoassay (ie, results would prompt an appropriate CsA dosage adjustment) was good when based on individually derived conversion factors (27 of 28 [96.5%] of decision events).Conclusion—HPLC is superior for measurement of blood CsA concentrations in cats after kidney transplantation. However, an immunoassay may provide reliable information for CsA management if a comparative database (HPLC v immunoassay) has been previously determined in a specific patient. Clinical Relevance—Locally available monitoring of CsA by immunoassay in cats may provide significant advantages when shipping of blood samples to distant locations is required to obtain analysis by HPLC. These advantages may include cost and timeliness of results in circumstances where daily blood CsA concentrations may be desired, such as when managing an acute rejection reaction.
A Prospective Study of the Impact of Multiple Patient Transports on Care Provided during Aeromedical Transport
Authors: Hooker Edmond A. , Drigalla Dorian , O’Brien Daniel J. , Hignite Jodie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  The purpose of the current study was to determine reasons for multiple‐patient transports using a helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) and to observe for any negative impact on patient care caused by the presence of the second patient.Methods:  The study was a prospective observational study of all two‐patient trauma transports (doubles) over a 12‐month period, from January 2004 through December 2004. The authors selected a sample of 20% of single‐patient transports (singles) from the same time period for comparison. Flight crews completed a study form after the flight. Information requested included Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Revised Trauma Score (RTS), and negative impact on care of the primary patient caused by transporting the secondary patient. Data were analyzed using Mann‐Whitney rank test and descriptive statistics.Results:  There were a total of 59 double‐trauma transports. A total of 269 single‐trauma transports were identified for comparison. Although there was no statistically significant difference in GCS score or RTS (single vs. primary double), doubles never included the most severely injured trauma patients. The secondary patients from the doubles were the least severely injured. There were nine patients in whom the crew felt there was a negative impact from the second patient. Need for trauma center evaluation of the second patient and distance of transport were common reasons for double transports.Conclusions:  Patients transported as doubles do not include the most severely injured trauma patients. In only a small percentage of doubles did the second patient have a perceived impact on care of the primary patient.
Rapid Polymerase Chain Reaction‐based Screening Assay for Bacterial Biothreat Agents
Authors: Yang Samuel , Rothman Richard E. , Hardick Justin , Kuroki Marcos , Hardick Andrew , Doshi Vishal , Ramachandran Padmini , Gaydos Charlotte A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  To design and evaluate a rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐based assay for detecting Eubacteria and performing early screening for selected Class A biothreat bacterial pathogens.Methods:  The authors designed a two‐step PCR‐based algorithm consisting of an initial broad‐based universal detection step, followed by specific pathogen identification targeted for identification of the Class A bacterial biothreat agents. A region in the bacterial 16S rRNA gene containing a highly variable sequence flanked by clusters of conserved sequences was chosen as the target for the PCR assay design. A previously described highly conserved region located within the 16S rRNA amplicon was selected as the universal probe (UniProbe, Integrated DNA Technology, Coralville, IA). Pathogen‐specific TaqMan probes were designed for Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, and Francisella tularensis. Performance of the assay was assessed using genomic DNA extracted from the aforementioned biothreat‐related organisms (inactivated or surrogate) and other common bacteria.Results:  The UniProbe detected the presence of all tested Eubacteria (31/31) with high analytical sensitivity. The biothreat‐specific probes accurately identified organisms down to the closely related species and genus level, but were unable to discriminate between very close surrogates, such as Yersinia philomiragia and Bacillus cereus.Conclusions:  A simple, two‐step PCR‐based assay proved capable of both universal bacterial detection and identification of select Class A bacterial biothreat and biothreat‐related pathogens. Although this assay requires confirmatory testing for definitive species identification, the method has great potential for use in ED‐based settings for rapid diagnosis in cases of suspected Category A bacterial biothreat agents.
Systematic Bias Introduced by the Informed Consent Process in a Diagnostic Research Study
Authors: Mitchell Alice M. , Kline Jeffrey A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  To determine population characteristics, outcomes, and reasons for unsuccessful enrollment among potential study subjects approached for written, informed consent in a minimal‐risk emergency department (ED) study. The authors hypothesized that the prevalence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) would be lower among study participants and that medical acuity and refusal to provide a blood sample would be the most common reasons for nonparticipation.Methods:  The authors requested prospective, written, informed consent for a blood sample and follow‐up from consecutive ED patients undergoing evaluation for pulmonary embolism (PE) and recorded spontaneously stated reasons for refusal. VTE was diagnosed or excluded using a combination of D‐dimer testing and selective computed tomography (CT) angiography of the chest with venography of the lower extremities. The primary outcome was defined by the number of CT scans positive for VTE among ED patients evaluated for PE.Results:  Over 16 weeks, 260 of 287 (91%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 87 to 94%) eligible patients were approached and consent was obtained from 183 patients (64%, 95% CI = 58% to 69%). The prevalence of VTE was 6% among participants and 13% among nonparticipants (95% CI [of the difference] = 1% to 15%). The proportions of African Americans, uninsured, and Medicaid patients were significantly higher among nonparticipants. No significant differences were found in the proportions of nonparticipants who disliked or distrusted research or desired financial reimbursement, compared to those not enrolled due to medical acuity or refused a blood sample.Conclusions:  These data implicate the written, informed consent process as a significant source of bias on estimated disease prevalence.
Revisiting the Emergency Medicine Services for Children Research Agenda: Priorities for Multicenter Research in Pediatric Emergency Care
Authors: Miller Steven Zane , Rincón Helena , Kuppermann Nathan ,   the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN)
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjectives:  To describe the creation of an Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC) research agenda specific to multicenter research. Given the need for multicenter research in EMSC and the unique opportunity afforded by the creation of the Pediatric Emergency Care Applied Research Network (PECARN), the authors revisited existing EMSC research agendas to develop a PECARN‐specific research agenda. They sought to prioritize PECARN research efforts, to guide investigators planning to conduct research in PECARN, and to describe the creation of a prioritized EMSC research agenda specific for multicenter research.Methods:  The authors used the Nominal Group Process and Hanlon Process of Prioritization (HPP), which are recognized research prioritization methods incorporating both quantitative and qualitative data collection in group settings. The formula used to generate the final priority list heavily weighted practicality of conduct in a multicenter research network. By using size, seriousness, and practicality measures of each health priority, PECARN was able to identify factors that could be scored individually and were weighted relative to each other.Results:  The prioritization processes resulted in a ranked list of 16 multicenter EMSC research topics. Top among these priorities were 1) respiratory illnesses/asthma, 2) prediction rules for high‐stakes/low‐likelihood diseases, 3) medication error reduction, 4) injury prevention, and 5) urgency and acuity scaling.Conclusions:  The PECARN prioritization process identified high‐priority EMSC research topics specific to multicenter research. PECARN has the capacity to answer long‐standing, important clinical controversies in EMSC, largely due to its ability to conduct randomized controlled trials and observational studies on a large scale.
Diabetes and schizophrenia – effect of disease or drug? Results from a randomized, double‐blind, controlled prospective study in first‐episode schizophrenia
Authors: Saddichha S. , Manjunatha N. , Ameen S. , Akhtar S. 
Published: February 2008

Objective:  There have been innumerable advances in the pharmacotherapy of schizophrenia, but problems have emerged hand‐in‐glove, such as the presence of treatment‐emergent glucose intolerance and frank diabetes mellitus (DM).Method:  Medication‐naïve patients with schizophrenia (n = 99) underwent baseline fasting and 2 h post‐prandial plasma glucose measurements repeated after 6 weeks after randomization to receive olanzapine, risperidone or haloperidol. The results were compared with a matched healthy control group.Results:  A significant difference (P = 0.002) in baseline 2 h post‐prandial blood sugar (PPBS) was noted between the control group and the treatment group along with a significant increase in weight (P < 0.001), fasting blood sugar (P = 0.01) and 2 h PPBS (P < 0.001) from baseline to endpoint between the groups. A statistical significance in the incidence of DM at endpoint by the WHO criteria (10.1%) was also noted.Conclusion:  Male patients with schizophrenia are liable to develop DM. Antipsychotic treatment leads to the development of DM in a significant 10.1% within 6 weeks.
Concordant loss of heterozygosity of DNA repair gene, hOGG1, in melanoma in situ and atypical melanocytic hyperplasia
Authors: Pashaei Shayesteh , Li Liwen , Zhang Haihong , Spencer Horace J. , Schichman Steven A. , Fan Chun‐Yang , Smoller Bruce R 
Published: February 2008

Background:  One major risk factor for cutaneous melanoma is chronic sun‐exposure and oxidative stress. Among various oxidative DNA damages, 8‐oxoquanine is the most abundant and is potentially mutagenic if not sufficiently repaired. The human 8‐oxoquanine DNA glycosylase 1 (hOGG1) gene specifically repairs 8‐oxoguanine, and this gene shows frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human tumors. In this study, we investigate whether hOGG1 LOH occurs in melanoma in situ (MIS) and adjacent atypical melanocytic hyperplasia (AMH).Methods:  Twelve skin biopsies with MIS and adjacent AMH were included. DNA samples derived from manual microdissection of tissues were subjected to polymerase chain reaction amplification using three fluorescent‐labeled microsatellite makers, followed by fragment analysis.Results:  Five of 12 cases were informative for both telomeric (3S1297) and centromeric (3S1289 or 3S1300) markers, bordering the hOGG1 locus. Among them, four (80%) MIS and three (60%) AMH showed hOGG1 LOH at both markers.Conclusions:  These results shows that LOH at hOGG1 gene is associated with MIS and AMH and suggest that the hOGG1 gene may play a role in melanocytic tumor progression.
Immunohistochemistry in ocular carcinomas
Authors: Sramek Brett , Lisle Allison , Loy Timothy 
Published: February 2008

Background:  The distinction between ocular sebaceous carcinoma, poorly differentiated ocular squamous cell carcinoma and ocular basal cell carcinoma can be challenging. An appropriate immunohistochemical panel may help to differentiate these lesions.Methods:  To determine the distribution and use of several immunostains in these specimens, formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue from several of each was studied using an immunohistochemical technique.Results:  Positive staining for cytokeratin (CK)7 was seen in 100% of sebaceous carcinomas, 77.8% of basal cell carcinomas and 67.7% of squamous cell carcinomas. One hundred percent of sebaceous and basal cell carcinomas were positive for cytokeratin CAM 5.2, while only 83.3% of squamous cell carcinomas were positive. Using epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), 100% of squamous cell carcinomas and 80% of sebaceous carcinomas were positive, while basal cell carcinomas were uniformly negative. One hundred percent of basal cell carcinomas and 80% of sebaceous carcinomas were positive for Ber‐EP4, while all squamous cell carcinomas were negative. Finally, 77.8%, 20% and 16.7% of basal cell carcinomas, sebaceous carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas showed immunoreactivity for the androgen receptor.Conclusion:  An EMA positive, Ber‐EP4 positive immunophenotype supports sebaceous carcinoma, EMA positive, Ber‐EP4 negative result supports squamous cell carcinoma and an EMA negative, Ber‐EP4 positive result supports basal cell carcinoma.