bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of magnetic storminess at Gjöahavn, 1904
Authors: Wasserfall K. F. 
Published: February 2008

The present paper attempts an approximate derivation of the storm‐time part of magnetic disturbances at the station Gjöahavn (latitude 68°.6 north, longitude 264°.1 east), in north polar regions. This task is rendered difficult since the data for Gjöahavn extend over only about a year, whereas Moos [see 1 of “References” at end of paper] used data for the years 1882 to 1905, yielding over 300 storms, in effecting a determination of the storm‐time variation in equatorial regions.In obtaining the storm‐time variation, which is the part of a storm proceeding according to time reckoned from the commencement of the disturbance, it is convenient in the present instance to remove first from selected days of storm the quiet‐day diurnal variation, the disturbance or storminess diurnal variation, and the influences of irregular disturbances or storminess.
Sitka Magnetic Observatory April to June, 1942
Authors: Gebhardt Robert E. 
Published: February 2008

April 2—A small disturbance began gradually at about 08h GMT and continued until about 14h. A K‐index of 7 was recorded for the disturbance.April 4—A small magnetic storm began abruptly at 04h 38m GMT, April 4, and continued with large bays and superimposed short‐period vibrations until the close of April 4. K‐indices of 8 were recorded for three consecutive three‐hour intervals.
Committee on Coordination of Cosmic‐ray Investigations
Authors: Fleming J. A. 
Published: February 2008

This special Committee (consisting of Dr. Walter S. Adams, Dr. Fred E. Wright, and the author) was appointed in December 1932 by Dr. J. C. Merriam, then President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, to consider coordination of possible continued support by the Institution of research on cosmic rays. Various conferences of the Committee and consultations with interested investigators who had submitted proposals for research in this field were held. The first report of the Committee was submitted in January 1933 with various memoranda regarding possible procedure and estimates of funds required for the year 1933.The Committee felt strongly that what may be called the geographical reconnaissance in cosmic‐ray research had yielded profitable results but that the principal need was more precise and continuous series of records at a selected number of stations (6 or 8). It seemed desirable that such stations should be well distributed both as regards latitude and longitude in order that the data obtained continuously and simultaneously at the various points for rather long periods might be subjected, to the most careful analysis from the statistical viewpoint. Thus the observations so far reported indicated features of the phenomena which, while infrequent and while differing materially from the majority of data obtained during short series, represented something definitely real. A correct interpretation of such features could not be expected from short series of observations at different seasons in different localities. Another feature was that of diurnal variation or change from day to night, regarding which available data were not conclusive, and which apparently could be thoroughly studied only through continuous photographic registration at several stations in high altitudes over long periods, supported by shorter series of continuous records at different altitudes in the neighborhood of the selected stations. In addition to continuous records at different altitudes at such fixed stations, it appeared desirable to augment data in the higher atmosphere, such as had been obtained by Regener in pilot‐balloons, by Millikan in airplanes, and by Kolhörster in manned balloons, although it is manifestly impossible to obtain continuous records for any great length of time at fixed altitudes by such means.
An investigation of the disturbance daily variations of magnetic storms at Cape Town (ϕ = 33°.9 S. λ = 18°.5 E. Φ= −32°.7)
Authors: Gotsman B. 
Published: February 2008

In a previous paper, the disturbance daily variations for the period 1933–40 were derived by subtracting the five international quiet‐day variations from the five international disturbed‐day variations. In this note, however, the disturbance daily variations of the three elements H, D, and Z have been derived from 65 sudden‐commencement storms distributed throughout the same period.The H‐ranges of the storms chosen‐exceed 100γ and the international character‐number of each day was greater than 1.5. Also the times of the commencement of these storms were fairly evenly distributed over the 24 hours of the Greenwich day.
American magnetic character‐figure, CA, three‐hour‐range indices, K, and mean K‐indices, KA, for July to September, 1942
Authors: Johnston H. F. 
Published: February 2008

Summaries of American URSI broadcasts have appeared regularly in this JOURNAL since the issue for December, 1930.As set forth in this JOURNAL for June, 1937, “The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey with the cooperation of the United States Army and the United States Navy communication‐services and several amateur radio stations have undertaken to supply the American character‐figure based upon the reports of the seven American‐operated observatories—those of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Huancayo in Peru and at Watheroo in Western Australia, and those of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey at Cheltenham (Maryland), Honolulu (Hawaii), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Sitka (Alaska), and Tucson (Arizona).” This character‐figure is being designated CA, and its values for the first twelve, the second twelve, and all twenty‐four hours of each Greenwich day for July to September, 1942, are given in Table 1.
Huancayo Magnetic Observatory July to September, 1942
Authors: Ledig Paul G. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 12° 02′.7 S., longitude 76° 20′4 or 5h 01m.4 W. of Gr.)July 11—This slight disturbance beginning at 00h GMT, July 11, was characterized by a complete absence of the normal daylight maximum in H and by irregular moderate‐size peaks and bays until after 22h. The effects on D and Z were very small. It was followed by two days of somewhat lower values in H.
Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, July to September, 1942
Authors: Ogg A. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 34° 25′.2 S., longitude 19° 13′.5 or 1h 16m.9 E. of Gr.)July 2—At 20h 35m GMT, July 2, small bays with small oscillations or pulsations began to form on all traces.
Tucson Magnetic Observatory October to December, 1942
Authors: Nelson J. H. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 32° 14′.8 N., longitude 110° 50′.1 or 7h 23m.3 W. of Gr.)October 2–5—A moderate magnetic storm began at 02h 47m GMT, October 2, with a small but definite increase in H (about 17 gammas). The activity was slight until about 12h, October 2, at which time the disturbance became quite pronounced. The principal activity was over by 12h, October 3, but minor variations in D and H continued until about 14h, October 5. Ranges: D, 16′; H, 141 gammas; Z, 46 gammas.
Archaeologica Geomagnetica—II
Authors: Chapman Sydney 
Published: February 2008

The second of this series of translations or reproductions of old classic works on magnetism is, like the first*, a translation, by, H. D. Harradon, of a work reproduced by G. Hellmann in his “Rara Magnetica.”** This is Chapter VIII of Part II of Francisco Falero's treatise “Tratado del Esphera y del arte del marear,” written in Spanish and printed in Seville in A. D. 1535 by Juan Cromberger.Hellmann, who reproduced also the title‐page of this book, refers to it as the first real treatise on navigation; and in his article on the beginnings of magnetic observation,† he states that though it was printed in 1535, after permission to publish had been granted in 1532, it appears to have been written much earlier, before 1519, when Magellan seems to have taken a copy of it with him on his journey round the world.
Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory, January to March, 1943
Authors: Hershberger John 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 38° 44′.0 N., longitude 76° 50′.5 or 5h 07m.4 W. of Gr.)January 20–22—A moderate disturbance began with a small bay in each of the three elements at about 06h GMT, January 20, and appeared to have ended by 17h, January 21, except that there was a deep bay in D and H between 00h and 02h, January 22. The highest K‐index recorded during the storm was 6, for the first three‐hour period of January 21.
COMMITTEE ON COORDINATION OF COSMIC‐RAY INVESTIGATIONS
Authors: Fleming J. A. 
Published: February 2008

This special Committee (consisting of Dr, Walter S. Adams, Dr. Fred E. Wright, and the author) appointed in December, 1932, by Dr. J. C. Merriam, at that time President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, to consider coordination of possible continued support by the Institution of research on cosmic rays, pursued its activities on a somewhat reduced scale during the year ended June 30, 1943. Although the greater part of the interested personnel was assigned to war‐reasearch problems, some progress was made.There is only a remote possibility that research on cosmic rays may find application to war‐research problems. It is essential, nevertheless, in view of past experience, that as far as possible continuity of permanent records obtained with cosmic‐ray meters be maintained for future theoretical and statistical investigation. Under the general supervision of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism the cosmic‐ray meters at Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey, Huancayo Magnetic Observatory (Peru) of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, Amberley Branch of the Christchurch Observatory (New Zealand), National Astronomical Observatory at Tacubaya (Mexico), and Godhavn Observatory (Greenland) of the Danish Meteorological Institute, were kept in operation.
SOLAR AND MAGNETIC DATA, JULY TO SEPTEMBER, 1943, MOUNT WILSON OBSERVATORY
Authors: Nicholson Seth B. , Mulders Elizabeth Sternberg 
Published: February 2008

During the third quarter of 1943 the Earth's magnetic field was moderately disturbed. Although disturbances lasting several days occurred, only two were called storms.At the beginning of the storm of August 8‐9, group No. 7599 was 17° east of the central meridian. During the storm of August 28‐September 1, a small group of spots, 15° south, was observed on August 28 (35° west), 29, and 30 (65° west); no spots were seen on August 31 and September 1.
TUCSON MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY JULY TO SEPTEMER, 1943
Authors: Nelson J. H. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 32° 14′.8 N., longitude 110° 50′.1 or 7h 23m.3 W. of Gr.)July 4‐6—Following several hours of slight activity a moderately severe storm began suddenly at 09h 54m GMT, July 4, with an increase of 40 gammas in H. Except for some short‐period activity superimposed on the longer‐period variations, there was no outstanding characteristic of the storm. The major disturbance ended late in the Greenwich day July 6. Ranges: D, 17′.5; H, 143 gammas; Z, 39 gammas.
HUANCAYO MAGNETIC OBSERVATORY JULY TO SEPTEMBER, 1943
Authors: Ledig Paul G. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 12° 02′.7 S., longitude 76° 20′.4 or 5h 01m.4 W. of Gr.)August 28‐31—Several days of moderate magnetic disturbance began at about 4.5h GMT, August 28, with irregular changes in the H‐trace which developed to a sharp maximum at 08h and a deep minimum at 10h 12m, with a range of 251 gammas between the two, but no other marked large changes before quieting down again at about 19h. There was only very mild disturbance for two days until the late hours of August 30, when a series of slow deep bays and moderately high peaks began with a minimum at 01h 47m. At about 08h the disturbance quieted down until 11h.5. Thereafter a series of moderate peaks and bays were encountered until about 21h. There was only a slight decrease in H‐values after the storm and D and Z showed mildly marked variations only during the daylight hours of August 28 and 31.
Preliminary Summary, Auroral Observations, Meanook, Canada, December 1, 1932, to June 30, 1933
Authors: Vestine E. H. 
Published: February 2008

1—Introduction; site of observationsVisual observations of aurora at Meanook (geographic latitude 54°.6 north and longitude 246°.7 east; geomagnetic latitude 61°.8 north and longitude 301°.0 east) were undertaken at 03h and 05h GMT, from December 1, 1932, to June 30, 1933. Observations at other hours and for other periods of the Second International Polar Year were made as opportunity afforded and were incidental to the regularly scheduled magnetic and meteorological observations. A continuous nightly watch was not maintained because of shortage of personnel. Many observations additional to those scheduled were undertaken, however, and a preliminary short summary is presented here for the use of those interested in the rough indications of the results, obtained for this geographic region.The Meanook Magnetic Observatory is located on a plateau at the top of a hill some miles in cross‐section, approximately on the height of land separating the Saskatchewan and MacKenzie river‐systems. Northwards from the Observatory the land slopes downward about 120 meters in the 14‐km distance to the Athabasca River. To the east the land slopes off, more gradually at first, about 120 meters to the bottom of the sharply marked Tawatinaw Valley, running approximately north and south. In directions due south and to southwest there are gently rolling hills which obstruct slightly the view of the level horizon before the land again slopes downward over a distance of about 200 km. A shallow valley extends for some km immediately to the west. In directions northwest, north, and around to the southeast the view of the terrain is unobstructed for from 30 to 50 km; in other directions an adequate view of the level horizon is available.
Extracts on Magnetic Observations from Log‐Book of João de CastroASTRO, 1538–1539 and 1541
Authors: de Sampaio Ferraz J. 
Published: February 2008

Lisbon to Goa, 1538At dawn, on Saturday, April 13, we saw Palma, which is one of the Canary Islands, hastening to set up the dial‐plate and shadow‐instrument [1]a, a gift from the very excellent Prince, the Infante Dom Luiz, moved by the intense desire to ascertain two things: First, if on this island the needles varied or not [2], for many pilots usually found that in this place and meridian the needles sought the true pole of the Earth [3]; second, if the rule established by Doctor Pedro Nunes was true and accurate, that at every hour of the day in which shadows are obtainable, the altitude of the pole can be determined [4]. With which instrument were made the following observations, with no wind, so that the ship could not be steered all day.First observation before noonThe Sun being in altitude 57°, the style cast its shadow at 71°, reckoning from north to west.
Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory, April to June, 1944
Authors: Hershberger John 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 38° 44′.0 N., longitude 76° 50′.5 or 5h 07m.4 W. of Gr.)April 1–3—A disturbance, which at first seemed insignificant, began near 18h GMT, April 1. At about 06h, April 2, the disturbance became more violent than any recorded here in some time. After 13h the storm again was of only moderate severity until it ended at about 09h, April 3. Two K‐indices of 7 were recorded during the most violent part of the storm; also an index of 6 for the first three‐hour period of April 3.
Tucson Magnetic Observatory, April to June, 1944
Authors: Nelson J. H. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 32° 14′.8 N., longitude 110° 50′.1 or 7h 23m.3 W. of Gr.)April 1–3—A severe storm began suddenly at 23h 25m GMT, April. 1, with an increase in H of 22 gammas in about four minutes. Large‐amplitude swings in D and H, accompanied by some activity in Z, occurred during the 8‐hour period beginning at 05h, April 2. This was followed by rapid small‐amplitude variations for about sixteen hours, the storm ending about 08h, April 3. Ranges: D, 28′; H, 165 gammas; Z, 50 gammas.
Apia Magnetic Observatory, April to June, 1944
Authors: Sapsford H. Bruce 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 13° 4′.48 S., longitude 171° 46′.5 or 11h 27m.1 W. of Gr.)April 1–2—This storm began at 23h 31m GMT, April 1, and continued until 23h 50m, April 2. The maximum in H occurred at the beginning of the storm after which it decreased with fluctuations to a minimum at 08h 46m, April 2. Thereafter H increased with fluctuations until the end of the storm. Vertical intensity was disturbed over the whole period with a minimum at 08h 21m and a maximum at 14h 03m, April 2. Declination was only slightly disturbed during the period of the storm. Ranges3 H, 240 gammas; Z, 50 gammas.
Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, January to March, 1944
Authors: Ogg A. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 34° 25′.2 S., longitude 19° 13′.5 or 1h 16m.9 E. of Gr.)January 1—There were disturbances from 09h to 21h GMT, January 1. There was a K‐index of 5 for the fifth three‐hour period.
Committee on Coordination of Cosmic‐Ray Investigations
Authors: Fleming J. A. 
Published: February 2008

This Committee (consisting of Walter S. Adams, J. A. Fleming, and Fred E. Wright) appointed in December, 1932, by Dr. J. C. Merriam, at that time President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, to consider coordination of continued support by the Carnegie Institution of Washington of research on cosmic rays, continued its activities on a somewhat reduced scale during the year ended June 30, 1944. Despite the assignment of the interested personnel to war‐research problems, good progress was made by several of the groups with which the Institution has cooperated.The operation of cosmic‐ray meters at Cheltenham, Huancayo, Teoloyucan, Christchurch, and Godhavn was maintained, almost without interruption by the collaborating agencies. The supplying of recording paper, replacement of batteries and parts, and filing and copying of records to make them promptly available for any current and future use were effected by the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism.
American Magnetic Character‐Figure, CA Three‐Hour‐Range Indices, K, and Mean K‐Indices, KA, for October to December, 1944, and Summary for Year 1944
Authors: Johnston H. F. 
Published: February 2008

Summaries of American URSI broadcasts have appeared regularly in this JOURNAL since the issue for December, 1930.As set forth in this JOURNAL for June, 1937, “The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism and the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey with the cooperation of the United States Army and the United States Navy communication‐services and several amateur radio stations have undertaken to supply the American character‐figure based upon the reports of the seven American‐operated observatories—those of the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism at Huancayo in Peru and at Watheroo in Western Australia, and those of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey at Cheltenham (Maryland), Honolulu (Hawaii), San Juan (Puerto Rico), Sitka (Alaska), and Tucson (Arizona).” This character‐figure is being designated CA, and its values for the first twelve, the second twelve, and all twenty‐four hours of each Greenwich day for October to December, 1944, are given in Table 1.
The General Isogonic Map of the Katanga for Epoch January 1, 1941
Authors: van der Straeten J. 
Published: February 2008

The general isogonic map of the Katanga, on the scale of 1:5,000,000, was prepared by using the observations of magnetic declination which were made at most of the triangulation‐points established during 1919 to 1942 by the “Service Géographique et Géologique du Comité Spécial du Katanga.” The observations made by the Lemaire Mission (1899–1909) were also used.The declination‐measures were made with the magnetic needles with which every theodolite in use by the Service is fitted. These measures were corrected as follows:
Solar and Magnetic Data, October to December, 1944, Mount Wilson Observatory
Authors: Nicholson Seth B. , Mulders Elizabeth Sternberg 
Published: February 2008

No solar activity was identified with the magnetic storm of October 11.The great magnetic storm of December 15–18 began when a complex bipolar sunspot‐group, Mount Wilson No. 7695, was 1.6 days past the central meridian, in latitude 22° south. This group, the largest of the new cycle thus far observed, was first seen at the east limb on December 8, having developed on the other side of the disk. Solar flares were observed near It on December 10 and 13.
Sitka Magnetic Observatory, October to December, 1944
Authors: Ludy Carl A. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 57° 03′.0 N., longitude 135° 20′.1 or 9h 01m.3 W. of Gr.)December 16—A storm beginning gradually at about 10h GMT, December 16, become violent at 13h. During the 18th hour the storm moderated and ended during the 22nd hour, Kindices of 9 were recorded for two three‐hour periods. The storm was accompanied by an aurora.
Apia Observatory, July to December, 1944
Authors: Sapsford H. Bruce 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 13° 48′.4 S., longitude 171° 46′.5 or 11h 27m.1 W. of Gr.)August 2–3—The H‐trace became slightly disturbed at about 12h GMT, August 2, and continued so until 02h 09m, August 3, when large fluctuations commenced and continued until 10h 24m, August 3, after which the trace gradually returned to normal. The maximum and minimum in horizontal intensity occurred at 09h 16m and 03h 22m, August 3. Vertical intensity was disturbed over the same period with a minimum at 02h 42m and a maximum at 09h 12m, August 3. There were only very slight disturbances in declination. Ranges: H, 104 gammas; Z, 26 gammas.
Cheltenham Magnetic Observatory, January to March, 1945
Authors: Hershberger John 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 38° 44′.0 N., longitude 76° 50′.5 or 5h 07m.4 W. of Gr.)January 15—A moderate disturbance began very indefinitely in the beginning hours of January 15, GMT, and ended roughly at the end of that day. A K‐index of 6 was recorded for the seventh three‐hour period of the day.
Watheroo Magnetic Observatory, January to March, 1945
Authors: Parkinson W. C. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 30° 19′.1 S., longitude 115° 52′.6 or 7h 43m.5 E. of Gr.)March 12–13— This small disturbance began with a movement which was sudden in H at 09h 46m GMT, March 12, It was a more gradual beginning in D and Z. Irregular fluctuations of generally small magnitude ensued during the next fifteen hours, none of which is worthy of special mention except for a sharp double wave between 00h 40m and 00h 50m on March 13. The range of the double wave was 6′.6 in declination, 20 gammas in H, and 28 gammas in Z. The disturbance ended at 0lh 10m, March 13. Ranges: D, 16′.3; H, 83 gammas; Z, 103 gammas.
Magnetic Observatory, Hermanus, October, 1944, to March, 1945
Authors: Ogg A. 
Published: February 2008

(Latitude 34° 25′.2 S., longitude 19° 13′.5 or 1h 16.9m.9 E. of Gr.)September 30–October 1—A small gradual‐commencement storm, which began about 09h GMT, September 30, continued until 24h, October 1. The maximum K‐indices were 5 for the periods 12h‐15h and 21h‐24h, September 30.