bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p-adic Brownian motion is a scaling limit
Authors: Weisbart David 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A p-adic Brownian motion is a continuous time stochastic process in a p-adic state space that has a Vladimirov operator as its infinitesimal generator. The current work shows that any such process is the scaling limit of a discrete time random walk on a discrete group. Earlier work required the exponent of the Vladimirov operator to be in

(
1
,
∞
)

, and the convergence was the weak convergence of probability measures on the Skorohod space of paths on a compact time interval. The current approach simplifies the earlier approach, allows for any positive exponent, eliminates the restriction to compact time intervals, and establishes some moment estimates for the discrete time processes that are of independent interest.
The overlap of generalized coherent states of any rank one simple Lie algebra and its classical limit
Authors: Pranzini Nicola 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We provide a formula for computing the overlap between two generalized coherent states of any rank one simple Lie algebra. Then, we apply our formula to spin coherent states (i.e.

su

(
2
)

algebra), pseudo-spin coherent states (i.e.

su

(
1
,
1
)

algebra), and the

sl

(
2
,

R

)

subalgebras of Virasoro. In all these examples, we show the emergence of a semi-classical behavior from the set of coherent states and verify that it always happens when some parameter, depending on the algebra and its representation, becomes large.
Moments based entanglement criteria and measures
Authors: Wang Yiding , Zhang Tinggui , Huang Xiaofen , Fei Shao-Ming 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Quantum entanglement plays a key role in quantum computation and quantum information processing. It is of great significance to find efficient and experimentally friend separability criteria to detect entanglement. In this paper, we firstly propose two easily used entanglement criteria based on matrix moments. The first entanglement criterion only uses the first two realignment moments of a density matrix. The second entanglement criterion is based on the moments related to the partially transposed matrix. By detailed examples we illustrate the effectiveness of these criteria in detecting entanglement. Moreover, we provide an experimentally measurable lower bound of concurrence based on these moments. Finally, we present both bipartite and genuine tripartite entanglement measures based on the moments of the reduced states. By detailed examples, we show that our entanglement measures characterize the quantum entanglement in a more fine ways than the existing measures.
Quadratic hyper-surface kernel-free large margin distribution machine-based regression and its least-square form
Authors: He Hao , Wang Kuaini , Jiang Yuzhu , pei Huimin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

ε-Support vector regression (ε-SVR) is a powerful machine learning approach that focuses on minimizing the margin, which represents the tolerance range between predicted and actual values. However, recent theoretical studies have highlighted that simply minimizing structural risk does not necessarily result in well margin distribution. Instead, it has been shown that the distribution of margins plays a more crucial role in achieving better generalization performance. Furthermore, the kernel-free technique offers a significant advantage as it effectively reduces the overall running time and simplifies the parameter selection process compared to the kernel trick. Based on existing kernel-free regression methods, we present two efficient and robust approaches named quadratic hyper-surface kernel-free large margin distribution machine-based regression (QLDMR) and quadratic hyper-surface kernel-free least squares large margin distribution machine-based regression (QLSLDMR). The QLDMR optimizes the margin distribution by considering both ε-insensitive loss and quadratic loss function similar to the large-margin distribution machine-based regression (LDMR). QLSLDMR aims to reduce the cost of the computing process of QLDMR, which transforms inequality constraints into an equality constraint inspired by least squares support vector machines (LSSVR). Both models combined the spirit of optimal margin distribution with kernel-free technique and after simplification are convex so that they can be solved by some classical methods. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the optimal margin distribution combined with the kernel-free technique in robustness, generalization, and efficiency.
Nikishin’s theorem and factorization through Marcinkiewicz spaces
Authors: Mastyło Mieczysław , Sánchez Pérez Enrique 
Published: April 2024

Consider

L
0

L^0

, the

F
F

-space of all equivalence classes of measurable functions on a finite measure space equipped with the topology of convergence in measure. Inspired by Nikishin’s classical result on the factorization of sublinear continuous operators from a Banach space to

L
0

L^0

, we prove a theorem that characterizes those maps from any quasi-metric space into

L
0

L^0

that factor strongly through Marcinkiewicz weighted spaces. We show applications to sublinear operators on a certain class of quasi-Banach spaces with generalized Rademacher type generated by Orlicz sequence spaces.
Cuntz algebra automorphisms: Graphs and stability of permutations
Authors: Brenti Francesco , Conti Roberto , Nenashev Gleb 
Published: April 2024

We characterize the permutative automorphisms of the Cuntz algebra

O

n

\mathcal {O}_n

(namely, stable permutations) in terms of two sequences of graphs that we associate to any permutation of a discrete hypercube

[
n

]
t

[n]^t

. As applications we show that in the limit of large

t
t

(resp.

n
n

) almost all permutations are not stable, thus proving Conj. 12.5 of Brenti and Conti [Adv. Math. 381 (2021), p. 60], characterize (and enumerate) stable quadratic

4
4

and

5
5

-cycles, as well as a notable class of stable quadratic

r
r

-cycles, i.e. those admitting a compatible cyclic factorization by stable transpositions. Some of our results use new combinatorial concepts that may be of independent interest.
Colength one deformation rings
Authors: Le Daniel , Le Hung Bao , Morra Stefano , Park Chol , Qian Zicheng 
Published: April 2024

Let

K

/

Q

p

K/\mathbb {Q}_p

be a finite unramified extension,

ρ
¯

:

G
a
l

(

Q

¯

p

/

K
)
→

G
L

n

(

F

¯

p

)

\overline {\rho }:\mathrm {Gal}(\overline {\mathbb {Q}}_p/K)\rightarrow \mathrm {GL}_n(\overline {\mathbb {F}}_p)

a continuous representation, and

τ
\tau

a tame inertial type of dimension

n
n

. We explicitly determine, under mild regularity conditions on

τ
\tau

, the potentially crystalline deformation ring

R

ρ
¯

η
,
τ

R^{\eta ,\tau }_{\overline {\rho }}

in parallel Hodge–Tate weights

η
=
(
n
−
1
,
⋯
,
1
,
0
)

\eta =(n-1,\cdots ,1,0)

and inertial type

τ
\tau

when the shape of

ρ
¯

\overline {\rho }

with respect to

τ
\tau

has colength at most one. This has application to the modularity of a class of shadow weights in the weight part of Serre’s conjecture. Along the way we make unconditional the local-global compatibility results of Park and Qian [Mém. Soc. Math. Fr. (N.S.) 173 (2022), pp. vi+150].
Whole brain morphologic features improve the predictive accuracy of IDH status and VEGF expression levels in gliomas
Authors: Zhang Simin , Chen Di , Sun Huaiqiang , Kemp Graham J , Chen Yinying , Tan Qiaoyue , Yang Yuan , Gong Qiyong , Yue Qiang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Glioma is a systemic disease that can induce micro and macro alternations of whole brain. Isocitrate dehydrogenase and vascular endothelial growth factor are proven prognostic markers and antiangiogenic therapy targets in glioma. The aim of this study was to determine the ability of whole brain morphologic features and radiomics to predict isocitrate dehydrogenase status and vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels. This study recruited 80 glioma patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase wildtype and high vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels, and 102 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and low vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels. Virtual brain grafting, combined with Freesurfer, was used to compute morphologic features including cortical thickness, LGI, and subcortical volume in glioma patient. Radiomics features were extracted from multiregional tumor. Pycaret was used to construct the machine learning pipeline. Among the radiomics models, the whole tumor model achieved the best performance (accuracy 0.80, Area Under the Curve 0.86), while, after incorporating whole brain morphologic features, the model had a superior predictive performance (accuracy 0.82, Area Under the Curve 0.88). The features contributed most in predicting model including the right caudate volume, left middle temporal cortical thickness, first-order statistics, shape, and gray-level cooccurrence matrix. Pycaret, based on morphologic features, combined with radiomics, yielded highest accuracy in predicting isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation and vascular endothelial growth factor levels, indicating that morphologic abnormalities induced by glioma were associated with tumor biology.
An extended continuum-mechanics standard linear solid rheology for fluid-saturated porous rock
Authors: Deng Wubing , Morozov Igor B , Fu Li-Yun , Cao Danping 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY
In a large body of rock-physics research, seismic wave velocity dispersion and attenuation in fluid-saturated porous rock are studied by constructing analytical or numerical models for time- or frequency-dependent dynamic (effective, or viscoelastic) moduli. A key and broadly used model of such kind is the Zener's, or the standard linear solid (SLS). This model is qualitatively successful in explaining many field and laboratory observations and serves as the key element of many generalizations such as the Burgers model for plastic deformations or the generalized SLS explaining band-limited or near-constant seismic attenuation. However, as a physical model of fluid-saturated porous rock, the SLS has several major limitations: disregard of inertial effects, absence of secondary wave modes and lack of key physical parameters such as porosity and Skempton coefficients. Grainy and porous rock is an unconsolidated material in which the effective density is frequency-dependent, and its effects on wave velocities may exceed those of the dynamic modulus. To overcome these limitations of the empirical SLS, we propose a rigorous rheologic model based on classical continuum mechanics and called the extended SLS, or eSLS. This rheology explains the available attenuation and dispersion observations equally well, but it is also close to Biot's model, honours all poroelastic relations, includes inertial effects, and reveals several new physical properties of the material. Detailed comparison of the eSLS and Biot's models gives a physical-mechanism-based classification of wave-induced fluid flow (WIFF) phenomena. In this classification, the so-called ‘global-scale’ flows occur in Biot's type structures within the material, whereas the ‘local-scale’ WIFF occurs in eSLS-type structures. Combining Biot's and eSLS models gives a broad class of rheologies for linear anelastic phenomena within rock with a single type of porosity. The model can be readily generalized to multiple porosities and different types of internal variables, such as describing squirt flows, wetting or thermoelastic effects. Modelling is conducted with relatively little effort, using a single matrix equation similar to a mechanical form of the standard SLS. By combining the eSLS and Biot's models, observations of dynamic-modulus dispersion and attenuation can be inverted for macroscopic mechanical properties of porous materials.
Further reactions of organoboranes
Authors: Thomas Susan E. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the process of isomerization. On heating, alkylboranes isomerize and the boron atom moves to a position where steric interactions are minimized. The chapter argues that heating an alkylborane facilitates the elimination of the boron and alpha hydrogen atom to give a boron-hydrogen bond an alkene. The chapter then moves to explore the carbonylation reactions. Carbonylation reactions of alkylboranes are some of the most widely applicable and synthetically useful reactions of these molecules. The chapter shows how carbonylation transforms alkylboranes into many products including aldehydes, ketones, and tertiary alcohols. The chapter concludes by elaborating on the process of cyanidation. It also studies the reaction of trialkylboranes with dichloromethyl methyl ether, and the reaction of an alkylborane with alpha-halocarbonylcompounds.
Mild obesity does not affect perinatal outcome in gestational carrier cycles
Authors: Clain E , Kaizer L K , Sammel M D , Wang J , Homer M , Uhler M , Hoyos L R , Devine K , Polotsky A J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

STUDY QUESTION
Does BMI of gestational carriers (GCs) affect perinatal outcomes after embryo transfer?

SUMMARY ANSWER
Overweight and class I obesity in GCs does not affect the rate of good perinatal outcomes.

WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY
The use of GCs is increasing, but uniform guidance regarding optimal BMI for GCs is lacking. Women with obesity who conceive without fertility treatment or through autologous or donor in vitro fertilization are at higher risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes, but data on obesity in GCs are very limited.

STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION
We performed a retrospective cohort study of 1121 GC cycles from January 2015 to December 2020 at US Fertility, the largest national partnership of fertility practices in the USA.

PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS
All GC cycles performed at a large network of fertility practices were reviewed. Same-sex partners undergoing co-IVF were excluded. The primary outcome was good perinatal outcome from the first embryo transfer, defined as a singleton live birth at ≥37 weeks of gestation with birth weight between 2500 and 4000 g. Secondary outcome measures included frequencies of live birth, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, full-term birth, low birth weight, large for gestational age, and cesarean delivery. A generalized linear model (log-binomial) was used for each to compare outcomes across BMI groups using normal BMI (20–24.9 kg/m2) as the reference group. Risk ratios and 95% CIs were estimated for each category group relative to normal BMI.

MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE
We identified 1121 cycles in which GCs underwent first embryo transfer, of which 263 (23.5%) were in GCs with BMI &gt;30. Demographics and reproductive history for GCs did not differ by BMI groups. The age of intended parents, use of frozen eggs, and fresh embryo transfers were higher with increasing BMI group. There were no statistically significant associations between BMI and good perinatal outcomes, live birth, clinical pregnancy, biochemical, spontaneous abortion, or low birth weight. However, among live births, higher BMI was significantly associated with birth by cesarean (P = 0.015) and large for gestational age infants (P = 0.023).

LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION
This was a retrospective study, and there may be unmeasured confounders. The number of patients with BMI &lt;20 or ≥35 was small, limiting the power for these groups. We were not able to assess all maternal and fetal outcomes.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS
In this study, we did not identify any significant impact of BMI on the chances of having a good perinatal outcome. Prior research studies have been inconsistent and this is the largest study to date.

STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S)
No external funding was received for this work. The authors do not have any conflicts of interest to declare.

TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
N/A.
A 17-month longitudinal surface sampling study carried out on public transport vehicles operating in England during the COVID-19 pandemic identified low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA contamination
Authors: Aranega-Bou Paz , Pottage Thomas , Fenwick Abigail , D'Costa Wilhemina , Brown Natalie F , Yaxley Nicola , King Marco-Felipe , Parker Simon T , Miller Daniel , López-García Martín , Noakes Catherine J , Moore Ginny , Bennett Allan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Aims
To monitor severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA contamination in vehicles operating in England during the pandemic, to better understand transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 on public transport.

Methods and results
We collected 1314 surface samples between December 2020 and April 2022 on trains and buses managed by five different transport operators. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA was investigated through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was found on 197 (15%) of the 1314 surfaces sampled, including seat head rests, handholds, and air extract grilles, but the levels of RNA recovered on those samples (median value of 23.4, interquartile range: 14.3–35.4, N gene copies per extraction) made the presence of infectious virus at the time of sampling extremely unlikely. However, detection rates varied over time with peaks broadly coinciding with times of high community transmission, when it was more likely that people infected with SARS-CoV-2 were travelling on public transport.

Conclusion
During the pandemic, and as in other public spaces, low levels of SARS-CoV-2 RNA were found on surfaces associated with public transport.
What Makes Linguistic Inferences Robust?
Authors: Marty Paul , Romoli Jacopo , Sudo Yasutada , Breheny Richard 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Sentences involving embedded disjunctions give rise to distributive and free choice inferences. These inferences exhibit certain characteristics of Scalar Implicatures (SIs) and some researchers have proposed to treat them as such. This proposal, however, faces an important challenge: experimental results have shown that the two inferences are more robust, faster to process, and easier to acquire than regular SIs. A common response to this challenge has been to hypothesise that such discrepancies among different types of SIs stem from the type of alternative used to derive them. That is, in contrast to regular SIs, distributive and free choice inferences are computed on the basis of sub-constituent alternatives, which are alternatives that are formed without lexical substitutions. This paper reports on a series of experiments that tested this hypothesis by comparing positive, disjunctive sentences giving rise to the two inference types to variants of these sentences involving either negation and conjunction, or negation and disjunction, for which the implicature approach predicts similar inferences on the basis of the same type of alternatives. The investigation also included deontic and epistemic modality, different positions of negation, and was extended to similar comparisons with simple disjunctions and the related ignorance inferences they give rise to. Our results show that, while the inferences are indeed quite robust in the disjunctive cases, regardless of whether negation is present or not, the inferences that their negative, conjunctive variants give rise to are not. These findings are challenging for the hypothesis that the type of alternatives involved in SI computation is a major factor responsible for differences in robustness. We outline two possible alternative explanations of our data.
Article 101 TFEU: Substantive Appraisal
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This chapter examines the relationship between Article 101(1) and Article 101(3). It looks at the central question of which agreements, decisions and concerted practices have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition for the purposes of Article 101(1) and at the issue of which agreements are held to infringe Article 101(1) but meet the critera for exemption from the prohibition set out in Article 101(3). The chapter looks at the way in which the interpretation of ‘object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition’ has changed since the early days of EEC competition law and at the problems of identifying which agreements are restrictive by object and which restrictive by effect. It examines the recent and controversial case law on this matter and the difficulties which remain including the doctrine of ancillary restraints. It then focuses on the analysis of the effect of agreements which are not restrictive by object, including the concept of appreciability and the de minimis notice. The chapter then considers the matter of which restrictive agreements may neverthess escape the prohibition in Article 101(1) because they meet the criteria in Article 101(3) in that they improve the production or distribution of goods or the promotion of technical or economic progress, how this criterion is distinguished from the agreement not having restrictive effects that bring it within Article 101(1) in the first place, and whether the Article 101(3) criteria can encompass socio-political or public policy matters. The chapter considers the application of the Article 101(3) criteria, the shifting of the burden of proof between Article 101(1) and 101(3), and the existence and importance of block exemptions.
Article 102 TFEU: Introduction and Dominant Position
Authors: Jones Alison , Sufrin Brenda , Dunne Niamh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Article 102 TFEU deals with the unilateral conduct of undertakings with substantial market power. It thus prohibits one or more undertakings which hold a dominant position in the internal market or a substantial part of it abusing that position insofar as it may affect inter-Member State trade. This chapter discusses the role of Article 102 and the controversy attending its application, and introduces the elements which must be established before the prohibition applies. The Commission’s review of Article 102 and the publication of its Guidance Paper on enforcement priorities, and the relationship between Article 102 and Article 101, are also considered. The chapter then explores in detail one of the principal limbs of the Article 102 prohibition, namely the concept of an undertaking holding a ‘dominant position’ in a relevant market. The definition of a dominant position in the case law of the Court is discussed, alongside its relation to the concept of substantial market power, including the Commission’s treatment in the Guidance Paper. The chapter then considers how dominance is established, addressing, inter aliai, the definition of the relevant market for the purposes of Article 102; the role of market share in establishing dominance; barriers to entry and other factors indicating dominance; and dominant positions in the digital economy. Article 102