bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phylogeography and cryptic variation within the Lacerta viridis complex (Lacertidae, Reptilia)
Authors: Böhme Manja U. , Fritz Uwe , Kotenko Tatiana ,   Georg Džukić, Ljubisavljević Katarina , Tzankov Nikolay , Berendonk Thomas U. 
Published: October 2006

It is well known that the current genetic pattern of many European species has been highly influenced by climatic changes during the Pleistocene. While there are many well known vertebrate examples, knowledge about squamate reptiles is sparse. To obtain more data, a range‐wide sampling of Lacerta viridis was conducted and phylogenetic relations within the L. viridis complex were analysed using an mtDNA fragment encompassing part of cytochrome b, the adjacent tRNA genes and the noncoding control region. Most genetic divergence was found in the south of the distribution range. The Carpathian Basin and the regions north of the Carpathians and Alps are inhabited by the same mitochondrial lineage, corresponding to Lacerta viridis viridis. Three distinct lineages occurred in the south‐eastern Balkans — corresponding to L. v. viridis, L. v. meridionalis, L. v. guentherpetersi— as well as a fourth lineage for which no subspecies name is available. This distribution pattern suggests a rapid range expansion of L. v. viridis after the Holocene warming, leading to a colonization of the northern part of the species range. An unexpected finding was that a highly distinct genetic lineage occurs along the western Balkan coast. Phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian, maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony) suggested that this west Balkan lineage could represent the sister taxon of Lacerta bilineata. Due to the morphological similarity of taxa within the L. viridis complex this cryptic taxon was previously assigned to L. v. viridis. The distribution pattern of several parapatric, in part highly, distinct genetic lineages suggested the existence of several refuges in close proximity on the southern Balkans. Within L. bilineata sensu stricto a generally similar pattern emerged, with a high genetic diversity on the Apennine peninsula, arguing for two distinct refuges there, and a low genetic diversity in the northern part of the range. Close to the south‐eastern Alps, three distinct lineages (L. b. bilineata, L. v. viridis, west Balkan taxon) occurred within close proximity. We suggest that the west Balkan lineage represents an early offshoot of L. bilineata that was isolated during a previous Pleistocene glacial from the more western L. bilineata populations, which survived in refuges on the Apennine peninsula.
Investigation of the Multidimensional Model of Job Insecurity in China and the USA
Authors: Lee Cynthia , Bobko Philip , Chen Zhen Xiong 
Published: October 2006

Il y a plus d’une décennie, Ashford, Lee, and Bobko (1989) ont développé un outil de mesure standard permettant évaluer des niveaux individuels d’insécurité au travail. Les années suivantes, des chercheurs se sont demandé si la totalité des mesures composant cet instrument était nécessaire. Nous avons donc examiné l’utilité des différentes dimensions du test multidimensionnel de l’Insécurité au travail de Ashford et al. (1989) aux Etats Unis et en Chine, en éprouvant et élargissant les conclusions antérieures. Nos résultats suggèrent qu’éliminer les dimensions “caractéristiques du travail” et “impuissance” de l’instrument multidimensionnel initial est prématuré dans les deux cultures. D’autres recherches s’avèrent donc nécessaires pour déterminer l’utilité de cet outil dans sa version complète. Les implications de nos résultats sont discutées.Over a decade ago, Ashford, Lee, and Bobko (1989) developed a standard measure for those interested in assessing levels of individual job insecurity. In ensuing years, some researchers have questioned whether the entire measure is necessary. We examined the usefulness of the components of Ashford et al.'s (1989) multidimensional measure of job insecurity in both the United States and China, as well as replicating and extending prior findings regarding antecedents and consequences. Our results suggest that the call to eliminate job features or powerlessness from the fully composite measure of job insecurity is premature in both cultures. We call for more research on the utility of the fully operationalised measure. Implications of our findings are discussed.
Who Cares about Justice? The Moderating Effect of Values on the Link between Organisational Justice and Work Behaviour
Authors: Fischer Ronald , Smith Peter B. 
Published: October 2006

On s’est demandé, dans cette recherche, si les valeurs modérent la relation entre les perceptions de la justice procédurale et les variables d’intervention au travail. Selon le modèle relationnel d’autorité (Tyler et Lind 1992), l’effet de la justice procédurale sur l’engagement dans l’organisation, sur les aspects facilitants et dynamiques du comportement extra‐rôle dépendraient des orientations axiologiques des individus. Les résultats montrent que les employés de structures britanniques et germaniques qui font montre d’ouverture au changement (Schwartz 1992) sont plus influencés dans leur engagement dans leur entreprise et le comportement extra‐rôle par l’absence de justice perçue que ceux qui n’endossent pas les valeurs d’ouverture au changement. Les effets du comportement extra‐rôle étaient plus forts parmi les sujets britanniques. Les valeurs de conservation atténuent la relation entre la justice et l’engagement dans l’organisation uniquement chez les Allemands. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre la façon dont la mesure des valeurs peut expliquer des différences culturelles dans les effets de la perception de la justice.This study examined whether values moderate the relationship between procedural justice perceptions and work outcome variables. Based on the relational model of authorities (Tyler & Lind, 1992), it was predicted that the effect of procedural justice on organisational commitment and on self‐reported compliant and proactive aspects of extra‐role behaviour would depend on the value orientations of individuals. It was found that employees from British and German organisations who endorsed Schwartz's (1992) openness to change values were more influenced in their organisational commitment and compliant extra‐role behaviour by the absence of perceived justice than those who do not endorse openness values. The effects found for extra‐role behaviour were stronger among UK respondents. Conservation values moderated the relation between justice and organisational commitment only among Germans. These moderation findings extend our understanding of the way that value measures can explain cultural differences in the effects of perceived organisational justice.
Corporate Governance and Information Efficiency in Security Markets
Authors: Cai Charlie X. , Keasey Kevin , Short Helen 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis paper investigates a neglected topic in corporate governance research; namely, do governance characteristics affect the market reaction to news? The topic is important given the emphasis by governance regulations and codes of best practice on the need for greater transparency of corporate activities. For the first time in the corporate governance literature, we show that corporate governance characteristics (particularly the presence of founding family directors and gender diverse boards) affect the market reaction to company specific news. The results of the paper point to the analysis of the impact of governance characteristics on the market reaction to news being a new and complementary research agenda within corporate governance.
New advances in fluorochrome sequential labelling of teeth using seven different fluorochromes and spectral image analysis
Authors: Pautke Christoph , Tischer Thomas , Vogt Stephan , Haczek Cornelia , Deppe Herbert , Neff Andreas , Horch Hans‐Henning , Schieker Matthias , Kolk Andreas 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFluorochrome sequential labelling of mineralizing tissues is commonly used in different fields of clinical and basic research. Recently we improved polychrome fluorescent sequential labelling of bone by applying spectral image analysis to discriminate seven different fluorochromes. Although basic mineralization processes of bone and teeth follow comparable principles, the respective tissues differ in terms of matrix composition and mineral assembly. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the feasibility of this new technique for polychrome sequential labelling of teeth and to demonstrate the advantages in the field of dentistry. Furthermore, the exact labelled area of each fluorochrome could be measured, even in regions of overlapping fluorochromes. The technique presented may provide a basis for further investigations of mineralization processes of different anatomical dental structures.
Evaluating the Contributions of State‐of‐the‐Art Assessment Techniques to Predicting Memory Outcome after Unilateral Anterior Temporal Lobectomy
Authors: Lineweaver Tara T. , Morris Harold H. , Naugle Richard I. , Najm Imad M. , Diehl Beate , Bingaman William 
Published: October 2006

Summary:  Purpose: Although anterior temporal lobectomy (ATL) is an effective treatment for many patients with medically refractory temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), one risk associated with this procedure is postsurgical decline in memory. A substantial number of past studies examined factors that predict memory decline after surgery, but few have investigated multiple predictors simultaneously or considered measures that are currently in use. Methods: This study compared the relative contributions made by presurgical neuropsychological test scores, MRI‐based hippocampal volumetric analysis, and Wada test results to predicting memory outcome after ATL in a group of 87 patients. Results: Logistic regression analyses indicated that noninvasive procedures (neuropsychological testing and MRI) made significant contributions to improving the prediction of memory outcome in this sample. The results from the Wada procedure did not significantly improve prediction once these other factors were considered. The only exception was in predicting memory for visual information after a delay, in which Wada results improved prediction accuracy from 78% to 81%. Conclusions: Current neuropsychological tests and MRI volumetric measures predict changes in verbal and visual memory after ATL. The relatively small change in correct classification rates when Wada memory scores are considered calls into question the benefits of using Wada test results to predict memory outcome when the results of noninvasive procedures are available.
Transfusion‐associated transmission of West Nile virus, United States 2003 through 2005
Authors: Montgomery Susan P. , Brown Jennifer A. , Kuehnert Matthew , Smith Theresa L. , Crall Nicholas , Lanciotti Robert S. , Macedo de Oliveira Alexandre , Boo Thomas , Marfin Anthony A. ,   the 2003 West Nile Virus Transfusion‐Associated Transmission Investigation Team
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND: National blood donation screening for West Nile virus (WNV) started in June 2003, after the documentation of WNV transfusion‐associated transmission (TAT) in 2002.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Blood donations were screened with investigational nucleic acid amplification assays in minipool formats. Blood collection agencies (BCAs) reported screening results to state and local public health authorities. Donor test results and demographic information were forwarded to CDC via ArboNET, the national electronic arbovirus surveillance system. State health departments and BCAs also reported suspect WNV TATs to CDC, which investigated these reports to confirm WNV infection in blood transfusion recipients in the absence of likely mosquito exposure.RESULTS: During 2003 to 2005, a total of 1,425 presumptive viremic donors were reported to CDC from 41 states. Of 36 investigations of suspected WNV TAT in 2003, 6 cases were documented. Estimated viremia levels were available for donations implicated in four TAT cases; the median estimated viremia was 0.1 plaque‐forming units (PFUs) per mL (range, 0.06‐0.50 PFU/mL; 1 PFU equals approximately 400 copies/mL).CONCLUSIONS: National blood screening for WNV identified and removed more than 1,400 potentially infectious blood donations in 2003 through 2005. Despite the success of screening in 2003, some residual WNV TAT risk remained due to donations containing very low levels of virus. Screening algorithms employing selected individual‐donation testing were designed to address this residual risk and were fully implemented in 2004 and 2005. Continued vigilance for TAT will evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies.
Water industry asset management: a proposed service‐performance model for investment
Authors: Heather A. I. J. , Bridgeman J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe water industry in England and Wales has developed over the last century, from small organisations serving local communities to large integrated companies in private ownership, overseen by a government regulator. Asset management practice has developed greatly in the 17 years since privatisation, with companies able to plan their operations and investment as they believe appropriate for the provision of customer services, subject to justifying their plans to the economic, quality and environmental regulators. Investment has flowed into the industry to replace deteriorated assets and to improve the quality of drinking water and rivers. The asset base is complex and, with a replacement value of approximately £231 billion at the 2002–2003 price base index suitable approaches are required to ensure that both the water service and the sewerage service are delivered at the most appropriate long‐term cost. The 2004 UK water industry price review was supported by the introduction of a Capital Maintenance Planning Common Framework to help companies understand and explain their maintenance investment requirement. In this paper, a service‐performance model is proposed to improve managers' understanding of the way in which businesses and the environment change over time, taking account of maintenance and other strategic requirements. Although developed with the water industry in mind, the model is equally applicable to other asset‐intensive industries.
Similarity Solution of Laminar Axisymmetric Jets With Effect of
Viscous Dissipation
Authors: Kalteh A. M. , Abbassi A. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
In this work the similarity solution of the thermal boundary layer for a laminar axisymmetric jet with viscous dissipation is derived and solved numerically, using a fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. The results are compared with the existing solutions, in which viscous dissipation is neglected. After that the effects of Reynolds and Prandtl numbers of the incoming hot jet on the temperature profile of the jet is investigated. It is seen that inclusion of viscous dissipation term results in a more rapid heat exchange between the incoming jet and quiescent fluid than the case where the viscous dissipation term is neglected. Also, it is observed that by increasing the Reynolds and Prandtl numbers of the jet, the heat penetrates better in locations near the symmetry line, whereas in locations farther from the symmetry axis the penetration is less.
Modeling the Influence of Drying Conditions on the Stress Buildup
During Drying of Paperboard
Authors: Östlund Magnus 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
This paper concerns the drying process in the manufacturing of paperboard. Of particular interest are the effects of through-thickness property variation in paperboard during drying. In addition, resulting average properties from different drying histories are discussed. A mathematical model of the drying process is presented. It allows the moisture and temperature histories, the stress and strain histories, and the buildup of mechanical properties to be simulated. The temperature of the heating medium, the humidity and pressure of the ambient air, and either applied loads or prescribed strains are required input data. For symmetric convective drying, the ambient temperature, the humidity, and the thickness of the board were varied. For drying on a heated plate, the temperature of the plate and the thickness of the board were varied. Results regarding the moisture history, the stiffness development, and the buildup of residual stresses are presented and compared to literature experimental data. Also, sheets with a varying fiber base through the thickness, which affects both the moisture history and the influence of moisture on shrinkage, were studied. The model was shown to yield predictions qualitatively inline with empirical knowledge.
Host-Derived Pentapeptide Affecting Adhesion, Proliferation, and Local pH in Biofilm Communities Composed of
Streptococcus
and
Actinomyces
Species
Authors: Drobni Mirva , Li Tong , Krüger Carina , Loimaranta Vuokko , Kilian Mogens , Hammarström Lennart , Jörnvall Hans , Bergman Tomas , Strömberg Nicklas 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

Salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) attach commensal
Actinomyces
and
Streptococcus
species to teeth. Here, gel filtration, mass spectrometry and Edman degradation were applied to show the release of a pentapeptide, RGRPQ, from PRP-1 upon proteolysis by
Streptococcus gordonii
. Moreover, synthetic RGRPQ and derivatives were used to investigate associated innate properties and responsible motifs. The RGRPQ peptide increased 2.5-fold the growth rate of
S. gordonii
via a Q-dependent sequence motif and selectively stimulated oral colonization of this organism in a rat model in vivo. In contrast, the growth of
Streptococcus mutans
, implicated in caries, was not affected. While the entire RGRPQ sequence was required to block sucrose-induced pH-decrease by
S. gordonii
and
S. mutans
, the N-terminal Arg residue mediated the pH increase (i.e., ammonia production) by
S. gordonii
alone (which exhibits Arg catabolism to ammonia). Strains of commensal viridans streptococci exhibited PRP degradation and Arg catabolism, whereas cariogenic species did not. The RGRPQ peptide mediated via a differential Q-dependent sequence motif, adhesion inhibition, and desorption of PRP-1-binding strains of
A. naeslundii
genospecies 2 (5 of 10 strains) but not of
S. gordonii
(
n
= 5). The inhibitable
A. naeslundii
strains alone displayed the same binding profile as
S. gordonii
to hybrid peptides terminating in RGRPQ or GQSPQ, derived from the middle or C-terminal segments of PRP-1. The present findings indicate the presence of a host-bacterium interaction in which a host peptide released by bacterial proteolysis affects key properties in biofilm formation.
Schistosoma japonicum
Reinfection after Praziquantel Treatment Causes Anemia Associated with Inflammation
Authors: Leenstra Tjalling , Coutinho Hannah M. , Acosta Luz P. , Langdon Gretchen C. , Su Li , Olveda Remigio M. , McGarvey Stephen T. , Kurtis Jonathan D. , Friedman Jennifer F. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT

There is a relationship between schistosomiasis and anemia, although the magnitude and exact mechanisms involved are unclear. In a cohort of 580
Schistosoma japonicum
-infected 7- to 30-year-old patients from Leyte, The Philippines, we evaluated the impact of reinfection with
S. japonicum
after treatment with praziquantel on the mean hemoglobin level, iron-deficiency (IDA) and non-iron-deficiency anemia (NIDA), and inflammatory markers. All participants were treated at baseline and followed up every 3 months for a total of 18 months. At each follow-up, participants provided stools to quantify reinfection and venous blood samples for hemograms and measures of iron status and inflammation. After 18 months, reinfection with
S. japonicum
was associated with a lower mean hemoglobin level (−0.39 g/dl; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], −0.63 to −0.16) and 1.70 (95% CI, 1.10 to 2.61) times higher odds of all-cause anemia than those without reinfection. Reinfection was associated with IDA for high reinfection intensities only. Conversely, reinfection was associated with NIDA for all infection intensities. Reinfection was associated with serum interleukin-6 responses (
P
< 0.01), and these responses were associated with NIDA (
P
= 0.019) but not with IDA (
P
= 0.29). Our results provide strong evidence for the causal relationship between
S. japonicum
infection and anemia. Rapidly reinfected individuals did not have the positive treatment effect on hemoglobin seen in nonreinfected individuals. The principle mechanism involved in
S. japonicum
-associated anemia is that of proinflammatory cytokine-mediated anemia, with iron deficiency playing a role in high-intensity infections. Based on the proposed mechanism, anemia is unlikely to be ameliorated by iron therapy alone.
Characterization of Host Cell Death Induced byChlamydia trachomatis
Authors: Ying Songmin , Fischer Silke F. , Pettengill Matthew , Conte Debye , Paschen Stefan A. , Ojcius David M. , Häcker Georg 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTChlamydiaare obligate intracellular bacteria that modulate apoptosis of the host cell. Strikingly, chlamydial infection has been reported both to inhibit and to induce apoptosis. Although the ability to inhibit apoptosis has been corroborated by the identification of cellular targets, confirmation of cell death induction has been complicated by a mixture of apoptotic features and atypical cell death during infection, as well as by differences in the experimental techniques used to measure cell death. Here we use a panel of well-established approaches in the study of apoptosis to define the form of cell death induced byChlamydia trachomatisinfection. Infected cells displayed apoptotic features such as nuclear condensation and fragmentation, as well as positive TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) staining. Fragmentation of genomic DNA occurred, but was atypical. Clear evidence against the activation of effector caspases was found. Nuclear changes were measured in fibroblasts lacking one or both of the effectors of mitochondrial apoptosis, Bax and Bak. A slight reduction in nuclear changes was observed in Bax-deficient cells and in Bax/Bak double-deficient cells. Most surprisingly, this reduction was almost complete in Bak-deficient cells. Finally, dying infected cells were efficiently taken up by professional phagocytes, suggesting thatChlamydia-induced host-cell death could play a role in the immune response. In conclusion, chlamydial infection can induce cell death. AlthoughChlamydia-induced cell death has certain morphological features of apoptosis, it does not result from activation of the apoptotic pathway.
Antigenic Variation of TprK V Regions Abrogates Specific Antibody Binding in Syphilis
Authors: LaFond Rebecca E. , Molini Barbara J. , Van Voorhis Wesley C. , Lukehart Sheila A. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTThetprKgene in the syphilis spirochete,Treponema pallidumsubsp.pallidum, undergoes antigenic variation in seven variable (V) regions.tprKis highly variable withinT. pallidumstrains, and a method has been developed to derive clones ofT. pallidumthat express a single, uniquetprKsequence. Rabbits were infected with three differentT. pallidumclones or the parent strain from which the clones were derived, and their sera were examined by immunoassay for antibody reactivity against synthetic peptides representing the TprK V regions from each clone. The parent strain expresses many different V region sequences, and infection with this strain induced antibody responses against a wide variety of V regions. In rabbits infected with the Chicago C clone, antibodies developed against all of the V regions except V1, while antibodies developed against only V5, V6, and V7 in Chicago A-infected rabbits. During Chicago B infection, antibodies developed against all of the V regions except V1 and V3. Antibodies were highly specific for the V regions of the infecting clone, and cross-reactivity was rare. The demonstration that the V regions elicit a variant-specific antibody response supports the hypothesis that TprK variants may help organisms to avoid the developing immune response in infected individuals, contributing to the ability ofT. pallidumto establish chronic infection.