bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rare earth element geochemistry of scleractinian coral skeleton during meteoric diagenesis: a sequence through neomorphism of aragonite to calcite
Authors: WEBB GREGORY E. , NOTHDURFT LUKE D. , KAMBER BALZ S. , KLOPROGGE J. T. , ZHAO JIAN‐XIN 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRare earth element geochemistry in carbonate rocks is utilized increasingly for studying both modern oceans and palaeoceanography, with additional applications for investigating water–rock interactions in groundwater and carbonate diagenesis. However, the study of rare earth element geochemistry in ancient rocks requires the preservation of their distribution patterns through subsequent diagenesis. The subjects of this study, Pleistocene scleractinian coral skeletons from Windley Key, Florida, have undergone partial to complete neomorphism from aragonite to calcite in a meteoric setting; they allow direct comparison of rare earth element distributions in original coral skeleton and in neomorphic calcite. Neomorphism occurred in a vadose setting along a thin film, with degradation of organic matter playing an initial role in controlling the morphology of the diagenetic front. As expected, minor element concentrations vary significantly between skeletal aragonite and neomorphic calcite, with Sr, Ba and U decreasing in concentration and Mn increasing in concentration in the calcite, suggesting that neomorphism took place in an open system. However, rare earth elements were largely retained during neomorphism, with precipitating cements taking up excess rare earth elements released from dissolved carbonates from higher in the karst system. Preserved rare earth element patterns in the stabilized calcite closely reflect the original rare earth element patterns of the corals and associated reef carbonates. However, minor increases in light rare earth element depletion and negative Ce anomalies may reflect shallow oxidized groundwater processes, whereas decreasing light rare earth element depletion may reflect mixing of rare earth elements from associated microbialites or contamination from insoluble residues. Regardless of these minor disturbances, the results indicate that rare earth elements, unlike many minor elements, behave very conservatively during meteoric diagenesis. As the meteoric transformation of aragonite to calcite is a near worst case scenario for survival of original marine trace element distributions, this study suggests that original rare earth element patterns may commonly be preserved in ancient limestones, thus providing support for the use of ancient marine limestones as proxies for marine rare earth element geochemistry.
Clinical, histopathological and epidemiological study of canine straelensiosis in the Iberian Peninsula (2003–2007)
Authors: Ramírez Gustavo A. , Altimira Jaume , García Beatriz , Fernández Marcos , Vilafranca Miquel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractStraelensiosis is a relatively new disease described in dogs and produced by a trombiculid larva known as Straelensia cynotis. Few cases have been reported in the English literature. Straelensiosis has been observed in Southern France and Northern Portugal causing a distinctive nodular dermatitis. The present study describes the clinical, histopathological and epidemiological features of 19 cases diagnosed as straelensiosis in the north of Spain and Portugal (2003–2007). A follow‐up of the animals after diagnosis was carried out. Differences with previously described cases were observed, especially concerning epidemiology and histopathology. The grade of response to different treatments and new microscopic features are discussed. The study concludes that S. cynotis can cause a nodular dermatitis in rural and hunting dogs in Spain and Portugal and is associated with particular seasonal and geographical factors.
Superficial necrolytic dermatitis associated with extrapancreatic glucagonoma in a dog
Authors: Mizuno Takuya , Hiraoka Hiroko , Yoshioka Chihiro , Takeda Yoshiho , Matsukane Yuki , Shimoyama Natsumi , Morimoto Masahiro , Hayashi Toshiharu , Okuda Masaru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn 11‐year‐old Shih Tzu presented with crusting and erythema, mainly on the abdomen and the root of the tail. Based on histopathological findings, blood examinations and necropsy findings, the condition was diagnosed as superficial necrolytic dermatitis associated with a glucagon‐secreting extrapancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. Gross necropsy revealed tumour invasion into the spleen, liver, adrenal glands and mesenteric lymph nodes. Immunohistochemical analysis of the neoplastic cells revealed that the tumour was a glucagonoma, consistent with earlier findings of persistent glucagonaemia and hypoaminoacidaemia.
Plasma and ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin in dogs with chronic end‐stage otitis externa after intravenous administration of enrofloxacin
Authors: Cole Lynette K. , Papich Mark G. , Kwochka Kenneth W. , Hillier Andrew , Smeak Daniel D. , Lehman Amy M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to measure the concentrations of enrofloxacin and its metabolite ciprofloxacin following intravenous administration of enrofloxacin in the plasma and ear tissue of dogs with chronic end‐stage otitis undergoing a total ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy. The goals were to determine the relationship between the dose of enrofloxacin and the concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and determine appropriate doses of enrofloxacin for treatment of chronic otitis externa and media. Thirty dogs were randomized to an enrofloxacin‐treatment group (5, 10, 15 or 20 mg kg−1) or control group (no enrofloxacin). After surgical removal, ear tissue samples (skin, vertical ear canal, horizontal ear canal, middle ear) and a blood sample were collected. Concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in the plasma and ear tissue were measured by high performance liquid chromatography. Repeated measures models were applied to log‐transformed data to assess dosing trends and Pearson correlations were calculated to assess concentration associations. Ear tissue concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than plasma concentrations. Each 5 mg kg−1increase in the dose of enrofloxacin resulted in a 72% and 37% increase in enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin concentrations, respectively. For bacteria with an minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.12–0.15 or less, 0.19–0.24, 0.31–0.39 and 0.51–0.64 µg mL−1, enrofloxacin should be dosed at 5, 10, 15 and 20 mg kg−1, respectively. Treatment with enrofloxacin would not be recommended for a bacterial organism intermediate or resistant in susceptibility to enrofloxacin since appropriate levels of enrofloxacin would not be attained.
Extended genetic analysis of BTNL2 in sarcoidosis
Authors: Li Y. , Pabst S. , Lokhande S. , Grohé C. , Wollnik B. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSingle nucleotide polymorphisms in the BTLN2 gene have been recently associated with the risk for sarcoidosis. We now aimed to study additional genetic alterations in BTLN2 as putative genetic risk. The CNV_ID 507, which was highlighted for its possible involvement in sarcoidosis because of its partly deletion of the BTNL2 gene, was tested for association in a cohort of 89 sarcoidosis patients and 89 matched controls, but our results indicated that CNV_ID 507 does not affect the genomic structure of BTLN2 as previously described. Additionally, we identified a heterozygous 1 bp deletion in exon 3, c.450delC. We genotyped 210 patients and 201 controls for c.450delC and observed similar genotype frequencies in both groups without a significant difference (P = 0.4996).
Pitfalls in understanding the functional significance of genital allometry
Authors: EBERHARD W. , RODRIGUEZ R. L. , POLIHRONAKIS M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe male genitalia of arthropods consistently show negative static allometry (the genitalia of small males of a species are disproportionally large, and those of large males are disproportionally small). We discuss relations between the ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ hypothesis to explain this allometry and the regimes of selection that may be acting on genitalia. We focus on the contrasts between directional vs. stabilizing selection, and natural vs. sexual selection. In addition, we point out some common methodological problems in studies of genital allometry. One‐size‐fits‐all types of arguments for negative allometry imply net stabilizing selection, but the effects of stabilizing selection on allometry will be weaker when the correlation between body size and the trait size is weaker. One‐size‐fits‐all arguments can involve natural as well as sexual selection, and negative allometry can also result from directional selection. Several practical problems make direct tests of whether directional or stabilizing selection is acting difficult. One common methodological problem in previous studies has been concentration on absolute rather than relative values of the allometric slopes of genitalia; there are many reasons to doubt the usefulness of comparing absolute slopes with the usual reference value of 1.00. Another problem has been the failure to recognize that size and shape are independent traits of genitalia; rapid divergence in the shape of genitalia is thus not paradoxical with respect to the reduced variation in their sizes that is commonly associated with negative allometric scaling.
Phenotypic plasticity of a cooperative behaviour in bacteria
Authors: KÜMMERLI R. , JIRICNY N. , CLARKE L. S. , WEST S. A. , GRIFFIN A. S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThere is strong evidence that natural selection can favour phenotypic plasticity as a mechanism to maximize fitness in animals. Here, we aim to investigate phenotypic plasticity of a cooperative trait in bacteria – the production of an iron‐scavenging molecule (pyoverdin) by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pyoverdin production is metabolically costly to the individual cell, but provides a benefit to the local group and can potentially be exploited by nonpyoverdin‐producing cheats. Here, we subject bacteria to changes in the social environment in media with different iron availabilities and test whether cells can adjust pyoverdin production in response to these changes. We found that pyoverdin production per cell significantly decreased at higher cell densities and increased in the presence of cheats. This phenotypic plasticity significantly influenced the costs and benefits of cooperation. Specifically, the investment of resources into pyoverdin production was reduced in iron‐rich environments and at high cell densities, but increased under iron limitation, and when pyoverdin was exploited by cheats. Our study demonstrates that phenotypic plasticity in a cooperative trait as a response to changes in the environment occurs in even the simplest of organisms, a bacterium.
Sex and asymmetry in humans: what is the role of developmental instability?
Authors: VAN DONGEN S. , CORNILLE R. , LENS L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBecause asymmetric individuals are less attractive and may suffer from reduced fitness, bilateral asymmetry is widely believed to affect human sexual selection. Its evolutionary significance is based on the presumed relationship with developmental instability (DI). Yet, relationships between DI and bilateral asymmetry are often weak and possibly confounded by asymmetric mechanical loadings because of handedness. We related asymmetry in hands and faces to degrees of handedness and sexual behaviour in 100 humans. Handedness correlated to levels of asymmetry, thereby likely invalidating the use of asymmetry to estimate DI. For facial asymmetry, applying existing theoretical models refuted a link between asymmetry and DI. Explicit statistical modelling at the level of DI confirmed the absence of a link between DI and aspects of sexual behaviour. Nevertheless, asymmetries in both hands and face correlated significantly with sexual behaviour. We conclude that bilateral asymmetryper se, rather than its presumed link with DI, more likely relates to measures of human sexual behaviour. Because lateralization of behaviour appears widespread, evaluating the role of DI in evolution and ecology relies on a very critical selection of traits whose asymmetry can reliably reflect DI.
Effects of CIDR‐G and Melatonin Implants, and their Combination on the Efficacy of Oestrus Induction and Fertility of Kilis Goats
Authors: Cetin Y , Sagcan S , Gungor O , Ozyurtlu N , Uslu BA 
Published: December 2008

ContentsThe objective of this study was to compare the efficiency of oestrus induction protocols on Kilis dairy goats kept on a goat farm situated close to Kilis, Turkey. Eighty goats were assigned randomly into four groups of 20 animals each in a factorial arrangement: (i) untreated control (CON), (ii) melatonin implant (MEL), (iii) CIDR‐G (CIDR) and (iv) melatonin implant plus CIDR‐G (MC). Experiments were performed in mid‐anoestrus season under natural photoperiod environment. The differences among treatment groups in oestrus response were significant. Oestrus response was higher in the MC group than in other groups (p < 0.05). A significant difference was observed in the time interval from cessation of treatment to the onset of oestrus among treatments. The CIDR‐G treatment reduced intervals from buck introduction to oestrus. The time to onset of oestrus in both the MC and CIDR groups was significantly shorter, compared with the MEL and CON groups (p < 0.05). The number of does kidding and fertility were not different among treatment groups (p > 0.05). Fecundity was similar among goats in all groups. Prolificacy and twining rates showed similar trends as fecundity rates, with no differences (p > 0.05) between treatments. The results of this study showed that oestrus in Kilis does can be effectively induced by using melatonin and CIDR combined treatment, and fertility will not be adversely affected. However, this treatment did not improve fecundity, prolificacy and twining rates.
Bacteria beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet
Authors: Lanoil Brian , Skidmore Mark , Priscu John C. , Han Sukkyun , Foo Wilson , Vogel Stefan W. , Tulaczyk Slawek , Engelhardt Hermann 
Published: December 2008

SummarySubglacial environments, particularly those that lie beneath polar ice sheets, are beginning to be recognized as an important part of Earth's biosphere. However, except for indirect indications of microbial assemblages in subglacial Lake Vostok, Antarctica, no sub‐ice sheet environments have been shown to support microbial ecosystems. Here we report 16S rRNA gene and isolate diversity in sediments collected from beneath the Kamb Ice Stream, West Antarctic Ice Sheet and stored for 15 months at 4°C. This is the first report of microbes in samples from the sediment environment beneath the Antarctic Ice Sheet. The cells were abundant (∼107 cells g−1) but displayed low diversity (only five phylotypes), likely as a result of enrichment during storage. Isolates were cold tolerant and the 16S rRNA gene diversity was a simplified version of that found in subglacial alpine and Arctic sediments and water. Although in situ cell abundance and the extent of wet sediments beneath the Antarctic ice sheet can only be roughly extrapolated on the basis of this sample, it is clear that the subglacial ecosystem contains a significant and previously unrecognized pool of microbial cells and associated organic carbon that could potentially have significant implications for global geochemical processes.
Central venous access to the cranial vena cava via the omobrachial vein in the dog
Authors: Radlinsky MaryAnn G. , Koenig Amie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground– The omobrachial vein is a superficial vein that crosses the brachial region of the dog. It terminates in the cranial vena cava, offering a novel site for central venous catheterization into the cranial thorax.Case Summary– The omobrachial vein served as a point of access to the cranial vena cava for treatment and monitoring of a critical canine patient in this report. The omobrachial vein was catheterized using the modified‐Seldinger technique due to contamination of or lack of availability of commonly used central venous catheter insertion sites.Conclusion– Access to the cranial vena cava via the omobrachial vein was easily achieved, and the catheter was maintained without complication for 10 days. Although the site was successfully used in the patient in this report, omobrachial vein anatomy is not consistent in all dogs.
Hemorrhagic bile pleuritis and peritonitis secondary to traumatic common bile duct rupture, diaphragmatic tear, and rupture of the spleen in a dog
Authors: Peddle Gordon D. , Carberry Carol A. , Goggin Justin M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective– To describe the diagnosis and successful treatment of bile pleuritis and peritonitis secondary to traumatic rupture of the common bile duct and a diaphragmatic tear in a young dog.Case Summary– A 1‐year‐old German Shepherd dog was referred for evaluation of vomiting and icterus 4 days after being hit by a car. Thoracic radiographs, thoracic and abdominal ultrasonographic examinations, thoraco‐ and abdominocentesis, and positive contrast celiogram indicated hemorrhagic pleuritis and peritonitis, left dorsal diaphragmatic tear, and rupture and infarct of the spleen. Surgical exploration of the abdomen confirmed these findings in addition to a circumferential tear of the common bile duct, leading to a diagnosis of hemorrhagic bile pleuritis and peritonitis. Aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture of the abdominal fluid yielded no growth. Surgical correction of the traumatic injuries was achieved via common bile duct anastomosis, cholecystojejunostomy, repair of the diaphragm, and splenectomy. The dog developed postoperative signs consistent with aspiration pneumonia but was successfully treated and discharged from the hospital. Clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities resolved and the dog was alive and healthy 8 months after discharge.New or Unique Information Provided– Bile pleuritis is rare in dogs and cats and is usually associated with penetrating, not blunt, abdominal trauma. Multiple organ injury in cases of traumatic bile duct rupture is uncommon; in this dog, rupture of the common bile duct was accompanied by rupture of the diaphragm and spleen.
Helium‐oxygen gas‐carrier mixture (heliox): a review of physics and potential applications in veterinary medicine
Authors: Byers Christopher G. , Romeo Katelyn , Johnson Anthony S. , Campoy Luis 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackground –To review the physics of helium with regard to airway physiology, as well as known human and potential veterinary applications of administration of inhaled helium‐oxygen gas‐carrier mixture (heliox).Data Sources –Human and veterinary studies.Human Data Synthesis –Helium‐oxygen mixtures have been used in human medicine for over 70 years as an adjunct therapy in various upper and lower respiratory disorders. Helium's low density promotes laminar flow through partially obstructed airways, resulting in a decreased work of breathing.Veterinary Data Synthesis –Little to no evidence‐based medicine exists to support or oppose the use of heliox in veterinary species. However, domestic animal species and humans share several common pathophysiologic aspects of various obstructive airway disorders. Thus, veterinary patients may also ultimately and significantly benefit from this novel therapy.Conclusion –Prospective studies are needed in veterinary medicine to determine the utility of heliox in clinical scenarios.
Successful management of saltwater submersion injury in a dog using mechanical ventilation
Authors: Haas Sharlee A. , Davidow Elizabeth 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective–To describe successful management of saltwater near‐drowning in a dog using mechanical ventilation.Case Summary–A 7‐year‐old spayed female Golden Retriever weighing 37 kg was referred for mechanical ventilation after saltwater submersion injury. The dog had a history of rare seizures characterized by pre‐ictal agitation. On the morning of the event, the dog became agitated and ran toward Puget Sound. The owners discovered the dog unconscious in approximately 25.4 cm (10 in) of water, with her head submerged. The owners estimated that the dog was submerged for approximately 30 seconds. The dog was presented immediately to the nearest emergency facility where initial diagnostic testing and treatment included venous blood gases, nasal oxygen, and IV fluids. The dog was dyspneic despite nasal oxygen administration and was referred for mechanical ventilation. Upon arrival the patient was cyanotic with an arterial partial pressure of oxygen of 38 mm Hg (reference interval 85–100 mm Hg) and oxygenation saturation of 62% (reference interval >95%). Thoracic radiographs were taken and revealed severe, bilateral pulmonary infiltrates. The patient was ventilated for 70 hours and was discharged 4 days later. Complications included pneumonia and phlebitis at the site of a cephalic IV catheter. Follow up thoracic radiographs 10 days after discharge were within normal limits and the owners report a full recovery at 1 year.New or Unique Information Provided–Submersion injury can result in acute respiratory distress syndrome in dogs. Mechanical ventilation provided critical support during pulmonary recovery in this dog.
Rauwolfia serpentinatoxicity in a dog
Authors: Good Jennifer M. , Mandell Deborah C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective–To describe the clinical manifestations and treatment ofRauwolfia serpentinatoxicity in a dog.Case Summary–A 9‐month‐old intact male mixed breed dog was presented following ingestion of an antihypertensive medication containing alkaloids fromR. serpentina. R. serpentinaalkaloids cause depletion of the biologic amines: norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin. The dog experienced hypotension, mental depression, bradycardia, diarrhea, bronchoconstriction, and gastrointestinal ulceration similar to the adverse effects reported in humans. The dog was released from the hospital after 4 days of supportive care.New Information Provided–This is the first case of accidentalR. serpentinatoxicity in a dog reported in the literature. This case had a good clinical outcome with supportive care and monitoring of all the subsequent adverse effects.
Medical and surgical management of severe barium aspiration in a dog
Authors: Meola Stacy D. , Mazzaferro Elisa M. , Wheeler Jason L. , McKiernan Brendan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective– To describe the medical and surgical management of a unique case of barium sulfate aspiration pneumonia in a dog.Case Summary– A 5‐year‐old spayed female black Labrador Retriever weighing 33 kg was presented for evaluation of barium aspiration pneumonia. Approximately 200 mL of barium had been instilled into the caudal lung lobes via an improperly placed orogastric tube. Right caudal, right middle, and accessory lung lobectomies were performed, and the dog was managed intensively for 19 days in the hospital.New or Unique Information Provided– This is the first report of a complete diagnostic work‐up including bronchoscopy, bronchoalveolar lavage, culture, thoracotomy, and pulmonary histopathology for severe barium sulfate aspiration in a dog with an excellent outcome.