bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Building a World-Class EHS Management System after Environmental Crisis
Authors: Varella Irani , Fonseca Rui , Espinosa Beatriz , Cantarino Anderson , Botelho Tatiana , Slocum Dean 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Petrobras, one of the world's leading oil and gas producers, strives to also be a leader in environmental, health, and safety (EHS) performance. A series of accidents in 2000 and 2001 have prompted Petrobras to totally rethink and rebuild its EHS function and means of delivering EHS assurance. The results to date include bold changes, including a re-organization of the corporate EHS function, an EHS strategy and integration of objectives and EHS targets into its corporate strategy/business plan, and development of a series of target, world-class management programs and capital improvement projects. This paper highlights some of the advances to date and how they have been realized.
Implementation of Hazardous Materials Communication (HAZCOM) Program in A Petroleum Company Facilities
Authors: Al-Safwani M. A. , Ayalp Ahmet 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Scope:
This paper introduces Hazardous Materials Communication Program (HAZCOM) program that was introduced to the oil company management to develop hazardous materials communications in 1999. The Hazardous Materials Communication Program is a comprehensive system for communication of the hazards to employees by providing information, concepts, and training program for employees on the safe handling and use of hazardous substances throughout in an industrial work environment. The HAZCOM program is one of the fundamental elements of the occupational health and safety practices and procedures in today's industrial work environment. The program elements are: Chemical risk assessment (CRA).Training of all employees.HAZCOM in-house labeling for all chemical containers.Development of Chemical Hazard Bulletins (CHBs).Field audit.

Methods:
HAZCOM Program implementation was introduced at company major facilities including five refineries, nine gas plants and one oil producing plant. Designated project team for each facility performed a chemical risk assessment including (1) identification of hazardous materials and a complete inventory, (2) a risk assessment, (3) chemical storage conditions and compatibility, (4) methods of transfer, handling and unloading, (5) hazard control measures, and (6) use and maintenance of personal protective equipment. Conclusions and recommendations were made allowing potential problems to be prevented. The remaining elements of HAZCOM Program were also implemented by the project team who is responsible for each facility as per implementation plan. The HAZCOM Program implementation started in 1999 and completed at fifteen facilities by end of 2001. The program implementation for the remaining major facilities is in progress during the year of 2002.

Results & Conclusion:
The potential problems identified by the chemical risk assessment are to be addressed within the guidelines of three industrial hygiene programs: (1) a hazardous materials communication program, (2) a comprehensive occupational health hazard assessment program, and (3) a chemical emergency response preparedness program. These three programs make a comprehensive Hazardous Materials Protection Program encompassing an effective strategy to control workplace hazards, prevent accidents, and protect the worker health and environment.
The HAZCOM Program including chemical risk assessment establishes potential chemical risk to employees and facilities for a new plant process or the status of chemical risk at existing facilities. Properly designed and applied programs targeting these hazards can effectively control hazards and reduce the risk to employees and the work environment.

Areas of Interest: Health and the Working Environment:
45-Chemicals and Other Workplace hazards, 51-Industrial Hygiene, 48- Exposure Assessment
Bioremediation Study of Olefins, Mineral Oils, Iso-Paraffin Fluids and Diesel Oils Used for Land-based Drilling
Authors: Visser S. , Lee B. , Hall J. , Krieger D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Increasing concerns over health and safety, as well as environmental impacts of diesel oil-based muds in land-based drilling applications, has prompted a search for safer drilling mud base fluids. There are two challenges. First, the drilling fluid must satisfy technical requirements. Second, it must reduce environmental health and safety risks. This paper summarizes research aimed at finding a synthetic base fluid that satisfies both requirements. Laboratory studies evaluated the degradability of diesel and synthetic base fluids, and the toxicities of the same fluids to a range of terrestrial flora and fauna. More specifically, biodegradation, seed germination and root elongation of two plant types, earthworm survival, and response of bioluminescent bacteria (Microtox™) were determined in a typical landfarm receiving soil containing the test fluids. Olefins demonstrated the fastest biodegradation and lowest toxicity after bioremediation, whilst iso-paraffin fluids and mineral oil degraded less readily and developed extreme toxicity during the three-month bioremediation period. Although 71% of the diesel oil disappeared through volatilization and biodegradation, it remained extremely toxic after bioremediation.
Reducing Leaks Offshore - A U.K. Regulatory Initiative
Authors: Pratt Derek B 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In April 2000 the UK's Health and Safety Executive launched two initiatives, aimed at reducing the number of hydrocarbon leaks from offshore installations on the UK Continental Shelf. It was recognised that despite the progress made by the industry in improving safety in recent years, a plateau had been reached in what was previously a declining number of hydrocarbon releases.
The two initiatives were: inspection by HSE of all permanently-manned production installations on the UKCS, looking in detail at ten aspects of process integrity management, andinvestigation by HSE of all hydrocarbon releases occurring offshore within a 12-month period, to identify trends and root causes.
Both projects have had good support and co-operation from operating companies, many of whom have developed internal leak-reduction programmes which parallel the HSE work. HSE challenged the industry to reduce the number of "major" and "significant" releases by 50% by 31 March 2004, and itself pledged to devote a large proportion of it's inspection resources to this aim.
The inspection results so far show that a significant mismatch exists between what onshore management believe is the status of existing systems and procedures, and what actually happens offshore. Good policies and work methods are often not implemented properly. A particular problem is measuring performance - management often do not know how well their staff are doing. Likewise auditing is not being effectively used to identify weak areas, and communication of good practice and new standards is patchy.
The 2000–2001 release figures show "major" releases down 33% and "significant" releases down 8% - an encouraging start. Nearly half of all releases were from holes in the containment envelope, and nearly half occurred outside normal production operations. The main immediate causes were degradation of material properties and fatigue/vibration. The principal underlying causes were design deficiencies and inadequate condition monitoring.
Remediation of Sungai Bera Holding Basin, Brunei
Authors: Tandon Ashok , Ibrahim Pg. A. Hjh Masnah PAH , Morehouse Daniel , Seymour Mike 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents the strategy adopted and execution of a project to remediate the Sungai Bera Holding Basin (SBHB). The site is located at Seria, Brunei Darussalam, and is situated on the west bank of the river Sungai Bera, adjacent to the South China Sea. The SBHB consisted of three unlined shallow holding basins, covering an area of approximately six hectares, and containing approximately 95,000 cubic metres of oily sludges and petroleum contaminated soils.
Remediation employs Low Temperature Thermal Desorption (LTTD) technology for treatment of the waste and recovery of the oil for recycling. The project is being undertaken by a Bruneian and Canadian joint venture company, and is due for completion by the end of 2002.
The tribulations and lessons learned from managing a remediation project of this scale from inception to completion are shared. The project represents the first major environmental remediation of this scale in Brunei, a small country without clearly defined environmental legislation. This paper discusses the project experiences with: Project execution strategy;Determining remedial objectives and the most appropriate clean-up standards;Establishing fit-for-purpose treatment technologies and methods;Characterising the basin contents, volumes and extent of contamination;Ensuring full alignment of all stakeholders expectations:Developing a robust QA/QC scheme, including external verification;Developing and implementing HSE plans;Local capacity building and sustainable development.
The results from this successful project are shared with the intention to assist other companies operating in SE Asia to develop strategies aimed at successful implementation of remediation projects.
Sustainable Technology – E&P Steps up to the Challenge
Authors: Waterfall Kevin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Sustainable development is about ensuring a better quality of life for all. This means a fundamental balancing of our economic, environmental and social responsibility. The paper explores why this is important to Shell and how technologies in E&P demonstrate our commitment to contribute to sustainable development, particularly in their contribution to: ■Efficiency improvement■Reduced footprint■Emission reduction
The paper addresses the fundamentals of technologies for the reduction of emissions and discharges, as well as those that improve reservoir recovery, improved economics, well performance and surface operations techniques and methodologies. These are illustrated by examples selected from around the world, both onshore and offshore.
Technology examples assessed include Virtual Reality, 4D seismic, Smart Wells and Expandable tubulars from downhole as well as surface facilities technologies, like ‘Twister" and new technologies such as fuel cells and the Hydrogen Economy. Implementation through "Gamechanger" and Realise the Limit methodologies are addressed, as is project risk management using Value Assurance Reviews from a Sustainable Development perspective, utilising the concepts of total risk management.
Remediation is also illustrated with some specific examples of how this is applied and due relevance is given to the social dimension of Sustainable Development.
Contributing to Sustainable Development means a fundamental commitment to balancing our economic, environmental and social responsibility and this paper demonstrates how E&P technology plays a significant role in contributing to the sustainable future.
Culture and HSE Management
Authors: Berg Sigurd K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In petroleum related businesses the HSE management philosophies in the United Kingdom and Norway are in principle the same. In spite of this, there are indications that there are big differences in how the HSE management is performed between these countries.
Two offshore fabrication yards in UK and two similar yards and one offshore installation site in Norway have been compared. The statistics in this work are too small to generalise for the respective nations, but they do show a pattern that is worthy of concern.
Two projects were used as the basis of the comparison; both projects were both partly carried out in UK and Norway. The end product was located in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea.
The issues reviewed in this study include the following: ■UK and Norwegian legislation■HSE programs and policies developed by the client and the construction yard■Interaction between management groups and foremen versus the blue-collar workers■Behaviour, attitudes and group dynamics.
Even though the Statutory requirements and policies in both countries were more or less equal, the performance, attitude and behaviour related to HSE matters showed differences between UK sites and Norwegian sites.
The UK management teams were more aimed on statistics and the formal way of complying with the requirements than the Norwegian management teams.
The Norwegian foremen showed a mutual understanding of group dynamics related to the HSE goals and strategies. The UK foremen understood their personal responsibilities but not as a group. Their interpretation of the HSE policy sET a limit for the blue-collar workers commitment to safety.
The UK workers were aware of their own responsibility and the consequences if they did not comply with the requirements, but there was little group understanding for the same requirements. They had a strong invisible culture that governed their attitude and behaviour
The Norwegian blue-collar workers were also aware of their responsibility; they had good group relations, but that was related to the trade union understanding of HSE requirements, rights and demand.
The interaction between industrial culture, employment, organisation and the trade unions seems to be an important factor in the outcome of good HSE management and HSE control.
Study on the Main Environmental Pollutants in Produced Water Discharged from Petroleum Exploration and Production Activities at White Tiger and Dragon Fields
Authors: Huynh Nguyen Duc , Thuy Bui Thi Thu , Diem Bui Hong 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Petroleum production and wastewater (produced water and industrial water) treatment on White Tiger and Dragon field
Field location
White Tiger and Dragon Fields are located in Block 9 of Vietnam Southern Sea, about 120km far from Vung Tau.
White Tiger Field has been produced from 1986, more than 100 wells have been drilled with production output of 20,000 tons/day.
Dragon Field was discovered in 1993 and has been produced from 1994.
The Population, Energy and Environment Program – Progress achieved in a Tripartite Dialogue in the Amazon Basin
Authors: Alba E. Mayorga , Santiago M. A. , Potes V. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Program "Población, Energía y Ambiente" (PEA) is a response from the countries sharing the Amazon to the challenge of developing an oil industry compatible with the objectives of sustainable development. It is a joint initiative by OLADE – The Latin American Energy Organization- and the World Bank, aiming at supporting governments, industry and indigenous peoples in their dialogue for developing common criteria to improve the handling of environmental and social impact of oil operations.
At the origin, governments appointed high level official – National Coordinators (NC)- who comparing their difficulties in dealing with the social impact of oil operations agreed on the need of a long-term action plan, involving the key stakeholders from industry and indigenous peoples organizations. The PEA has hosted three meetings gathering the NC, company representatives, ARPEL – the regional industry association-, indigenous peoples organizations and COICA – the coordinating organization of the Amazon indigenous federations. As a result, the PEA has generated a tripartite dialogue that is paving the way for joint activities: National dialogues to open communications among key stakeholders inside countries,Development of an information network,Preparation of Reference Documents to harmonize industry regulations, andA training program to improve social and environmental standards and existing dialogue.
Complementarily, the PEA include other efforts, such as loans to governments wishing to engage in consultations prior to licensing blocks and a study comparing the distribution mechanism of oil rents focusing on the shares received by oil provinces and indigenous peoples affected by the industry.
The PEA Program is facilitating constructive tripartite dialogues – at national and regional level- and thus is increasingly becoming a platform for the identification and dissemination of Best Practices in dealing with the social impact. The proposed paper will present the background, progress achieved and challenges of this unique Program.
Implementation of Environmental Performance Evaluation and Its Challenges in an E&P Company
Authors: Lee Tzee Wan , Yusof M Radzuan b 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
PCSB adopts the EPE approach to environmental management as part of the continuous improvement process practiced under the company's Health, Safety & Environment Management System (HSEMS). EPE is a useful internal management tool which focuses on key issues. The process is easily implementable, especially when the HSEMS is already established. EPE enables the company to reduce environmental impact due to its operations in specific and measurable manner. The most challenging task in implementating EPE is identifying the right indicators. Identification of the right indicators will provide environmental data which the management can monitor and act on easily without requiring significant resources and unnecessary work on the part of the company staff.
Environmental Sensitivity Map (scale 1/250,000) for the Area from Ke Ga Cape to Ca Mau Cape Used for Oil Spill Response
Authors: Huynh Nguyen Duc , Manh Dao Duy , Thanh Tran Thi Xuan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In parallel with the great economic value created by oil and gas industry, the environmental protection in oil and gas activities including prevention and response of emergency situation - a cause of environmental pollution at high level, is also attached a special attention. In Vietnam, most of oil and gas exploration and production activities concentrate in the Southeast sea, where marine transportation is very active. Consequently, in this area, the risk of oil spill is particularly high. In order to respond with oil spill immediately and effectively, the establishment of an environmental sensitivity map for the areas that may be impacted is very necessary. This map will constitute basics to select priority areas for response and suitable response measures.
Explosives Safety: Safety Strategies for Operating Electroexplosive Devices in a Radio-Frequency Environment
Authors: Dickes Raymond 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Transmitters operating in the radio-frequency (RF) spectrum create the potential for accidental detonation of electroexplosive devices (EEDs). This risk is magnified with the widespread use of EEDs in oil and gas-well perforating services, the potential for an EED to be ballistically connected to other explosives, and the proliferation of radio transmitters.
To prevent accidental detonations while using an EED in such an environment, one or more safety strategies are necessary. At least three different strategies—radio silence, site risk analysis, and RF-immune EED—have been used over the past 50 years. All three, when properly implemented, are successful in improving safety during EED use, but each strategy has the potential for disaster when not fully implemented.
This paper reviews the RF environment and the potential for accidental detonation of an EED caused by RF energy. It describes the problems and risks associated with the strategies of radio silence, site risk analysis, and RF-immune EEDs, and explains how the key elements of each strategy address these issues.
Oil and Gas Processing Facilities for New Field Developments in the Gulf of Campeche (México)
Authors: Nieto Jorge , Reyes Antonio , Verdejo Jorge 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The new fields under development are situated in the Gulf of Campeche (Mexico) approximately 77 kms from Maritime Terminal of Dos Bocas, in water depths ranging from 0 to 40 mts, the main objective of these projects is to increase the gas production in the fields operated by PEMEX-Exploration & Production (PEP). It is proposed to perform processing the produced hydrocarbons mixture on an offshore platform to obtain transportable oil and gas streams, which are injected into separate pipelines. The processing scheme developed includes multistage separation and gas compression. The analysis of the processing scheme shows that the separated gas produced is rich in liquefiable components; therefore it must undergo condensate recovery. Cooling the gas to condense liquids carries out condensate removal. Gas cooling is performed by a refrigeration plant, which uses the propane as working fluid. Condensate produced is injected into the oil pipeline. Crude oil stabilization is performed onshore. The proposed system has several advantages over those that have been traditionally used in the installations operated by PEP. The production scheme proposed maximizes oil production and decreases compressor power requirements. Simultaneously, problems such as undesirable flow pattern in pipelines (slug and plug flow) and the presence of corrosive fluids (sour wet fluids) in pipelines are solved in the production scheme developed in the present paper.
A New Comprehensive, Mechanistic Model for Underbalanced Drilling Improves Wellbore Pressure Predictions
Authors: Pérez-Téllez C. , Smith J. R. , Edwards J. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
It is generally accepted that the success of underbalanced drilling (UBD) operations is dependent on maintaining the wellbore pressure between boundaries determined by the formation pressure, wellbore stability, and the flow capacity of the surface equipment. Therefore, the ability to accurately predict wellbore pressure is critically important for both designing the UBD operation and predicting the effect of changes in the actual operation. Most of the pressure prediction approaches used in current practice for UBD are based on empirical correlations, which frequently fail to accurately predict the wellbore pressure. Consequently, the current trend is toward increasing use of prediction methods based on phenomenological or mechanistic models.
This paper presents an improved, comprehensive, mechanistic model for pressure predictions throughout a well during UBD operations. The comprehensive model is composed of a set of state-of-the-art mechanistic steady-state models for predicting flow patterns and calculating pressure and two-phase flow parameters in bubble, dispersed bubble, and slug flow. In contrast to other mechanistic methods developed for UBD operations, the present model takes into account the entire flowpath including downward two-phase flow through the drill string, two-phase flow through the bit nozzles, and upward two-phase flow through the annulus. Additionally, more rigorous, analytical modifications to the previous mechanistic models for UBD give improved wellbore pressure predictions for steady state flow conditions. The results of using the new, comprehensive model were validated against two real wellbore configurations with different flow areas. Field data from a Mexican well, drilled with the simultaneous injection of nitrogen and a non-Newtonian fluid and full-scale experimental data from the literature validate the improved model predictions. Additionally, a comparison of the model results against two commercial UBD simulators, which rely on empirical correlations, confirm the expectation that mechanistic models perform better in predicting two phase flow parameters in UBD operations.