bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Environmental exposure to glyphosate does not inhibit human acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase
Authors: Kolić Dora , Pehar Vesna , Kovarik Zrinka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Glyphosate has remained the leading herbicide on the global market to date, despite the continuous debate between consumers, scientific community, and regulatory agencies over its carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, environmental persistence, and the role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders. Chemically, glyphosate belongs to a large family of organophosphorus pesticides, which exert a neurotoxic effect by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), enzymes of the cholinergic system essential for maintaining neurotransmission. Although research shows that glyphosate is a weak cholinesterase inhibitor in fish and mammals compared to other OP compounds, no conclusive data exist concerning the inhibition of human AChE and BChE. In our study we analysed its inhibitory potency on human AChE and BChE, by establishing its IC50 and reversible inhibition in terms of dissociation inhibition constants. Glyphosate concentration of 40 mmol/L caused near total inhibition of enzyme activity (approx. 10 % activity remaining). Inhibition dissociation constants (K
i) of glyphosate-AChE and -BChE complexes were 28.4±2.7 mmol/L and 19.3±1.8 mmol/L, respectively. In conclusion, glyphosate shows a slight binding preference for BChE but exhibits inhibition only in a high concentration range. Our results are in line with studies reporting that its neurotoxic effect is not primarily linked to the cholinergic system.
Impact of TBTs on Trade in ICT Goods: Differentiating by Regulatory Objectives
Authors: Ghodsi Mahdi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper analyses how different types of technical barriers to trade (TBTs) imposed on imports of information and communications technology (ICT) goods globally affected the value and volume of imported goods during the period of 1996–2018. Key words cited in the TBTs give an indication of the aims behind the imposition of TBTs. The results indicate that TBTs have a strong positive impact on the value of imports. While many key words cited in TBTs notified to the World Trade Organization (WTO) affect the value and volume of imports in a positive way, certain other TBTs function as trade barriers.
Laju pertumbuhan benih ikan jelawat (Leptobarbus hoevenii Blkr.) dengan pemberian pakan berbasis tepung maggot
Authors: Khotimah Husnul , Yanti Ari Hepi , Setyawati Tri Rima , Kustiati Kustiati 
Published: March 2024

Hoven’s carp or the mad barb (Leptobarbus hoevenii Blkr.) is a species of local fish with slow growth. Maggot is a phase of the insect life cycle that can be developed as feed. Maggot in the form of flour is known to have a high protein content which can stimulate fish growth. This study aims to determine the growth rate of specific length (LPPS), growth rate of specific weight (LPBS), and the survival rate of jelawat fish juvenille treated with control feed (A), feed based on unfermented maggot flour (B) and feed based on fermented maggot flour (C). Based on the results, jelawat fish juvenille have the highest LPPS 0.88±0.04% and the highest LPBS 0.71±0.01% and the juvenille survival rate was 100% in treatment C, followed by treatment B with 0,49±0,04% of LPPS and 0.39±0.01% of LPBS and 95% of juvenille survival rate. The lowest growth was experienced by juvenille on control feed treatment (A) with 0.38%±0.01 of LPPS, 0.28±0.01% of LPBS, and 75% of juvenille survival rate. Based on this, the use of fermented maggot flour in feed has a significant effect on the growth rate of jelawat fish juvenille%.
Traditional and Vernacular Architecture in Bali
Authors: Baskaya Öznur 
Published: March 2024

The study of Bali's traditional and vernacular architecture requires a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach to reveal the complex expressions of this culturally diverse island. Influenced by Hindu, Buddhist and indigenous beliefs, Bali's architecture is closely interwoven with its lush landscape, characterised by terraced rice fields, volcanic mountains and a tropical climate. The theoretical foundations are based on vernacular architecture and emphasise the importance of indigenous knowledge, local materials and cultural, social and environmental factors. The study focuses on the classification and functions of more than 20,000 Hindu temples or "pura", which reflect the island's deep cultural roots and rituals based on the Balinese calendar. An examination of small villages such as Pengotan reveals a nuanced architecture with sacred and profane zones clustered around temple areas, residential areas and cemeteries. The concentration of family units in sacred spaces and the meticulous adherence to the luan concept reveal the intricacies of traditional Balinese architecture. However, the preservation of this architectural heritage is being challenged by rapid modernisation and a booming tourism industry. The influx of tourists, which has increased from 2.5 million in 2010 to 14 million in 2017, poses a threat to Bali's traditional building practices and materials. The environmental impact of increasing waste and inadequate infrastructure, exacerbated by the growing number of foreign visitors, requires sustainable planning. The government's ambitious goal of creating '10 new Balis' to double the number of tourists raises concerns about environmental protection and proper waste management. The methodological approach of this study is deeply rooted in vernacular architecture and aims to decipher the nuances and preserve Bali's architectural heritage. Balancing the demands of modernisation and tourism with the need for environmental sustainability is critical to the protection of the heritage.

Index Terms— Vernacular Architecture, Bali, Tourism, Traditions
INCIDENCE OF HYPOTENSION AND NAUSEA VOMITING IN SUBARACHNOID BLOCK ANESTHESIA TECHNIQUE IN CESAREAN SURGERY
Authors: Nandaswari Ni Made Nilam , Parami Pontisomaya , Suranadi I Wayan , Senapathi Tjokorda Gde Agung 
Published: March 2024

Hypotension and nausea vomiting are common side effects in patients undergoing cesarean surgery with subarachnoid block anesthesia techniques. Cases of hypotension and nausea vomiting in this case are often found but research data in Indonesia, especially in Bali, is still very limited. Therefore, this research is important to do with the aim of knowing the incidence of hypotension and nausea vomiting in cesarean surgery with the subarachnoid block anesthesia technique at Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G Ngoerah General Hospital Denpasar.
This study used a prospective cross-sectional observational descriptive method. The study data were taken from the presence or absence of hypotension and nausea vomiting during and after cesarean surgery from April 2022 – June 2022. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2013 software to obtain characteristics of patient demographic data in the form of maternal age and gestational age, patient distribution based on height of sensory blockade, type and dose of antiemetics, type and dose of opioids, bleeding, incidence of hypotension, and incidence of nausea vomiting.
The results showed that the number of patients who experienced hypotension was 13 people (28.3%), and those who did not experience hypotension were 33 people (71.7%). A total of 30 people (65.2%) patients did not experience nausea vomiting, 8 people (17.4%) experienced nausea and 8 people (17.4%) experienced vomiting. By taking good precautions, it can reduce the side effects of hypotension and nausea vomiting.
THE EFFECT OF JOHAR PLANT FLOWER EXTRACT “CASSIA SIAMEA” ON THE DEGREE OF PLASMODIUM BERGHEI PARASITEMIA IN VIVO
Authors: Pandango Ivana Griselarosa Koni , Laksemi Dewa Ayu Agus Sri , Sudarmaja I Made , Diarthini Ni Luh Putu Eka 
Published: March 2024

Malaria is a disease caused by a parasite of the genus Plasmodium sp. that spreads through the bite of the female Anopheles mosquito. Malaria is still a global problem because almost half of the world’s population is at risk of malaria which is endemic to 86 tropical and subtropical countries. In addition, resistance to antimalarial drugs that occur in some places makes many researchers try to find antimalarial drugs made from natural ingredients so that they can reduce the risk of resistance with minimal effects. One natural ingredient that is thought to be used as an antimalarial drug is the johar flower (Cassia siamea). The objective of this study is to determine the effect of johar flower extract (Cassia siamea) at doses of 10 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 1000 mg/kgBW on the degree of parasitemia in male mice Balb/c strain infected with Plasmodium berghei. This study is an experimental study in vivo using the design of the Randomized Post-test Only Controlled Group method using 24 samples of mice which were divided into four groups, one negative control group and three treatment groups. The average degree of parasitemia was obtained in the control group of 24.9%, the 10 mg/kgBW dose treatment group of 13.4%, the 100 mg/kgBW dose treatment group of 10.3% and the 1000 mg/kgBW dose treatment group of 12.2%. Based on the results of the analysis with One-way ANOVA, an average difference was found between the control and treatment groups with a p-value <0.001. The result showed that giving johar flower extract (Cassia siamea) had an influence on antimalarial activity in reducing the percentage of parasitemia of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei by looking at the average difference between the control group and the treatment and obtained the average results of the treatment group of 100 mg/kgBW and 1000 mg/kgBW had the highest influence in reducing the degree of parasitemia.

Keywords: Cassia siamea, Antimalaria, Plasmodium berghei, Degree of Parasitemia
The role of environmental volunteering in the transformation of the higher education system of Kazakhstan
Authors: Мусина С.К. , Акимиш Д.Е. 
Published: March 2024

Экологическое волонтерство играет важную роль в трансформации системы высшего образования в Казахстане. Активная форма участия студентов, преподавателей и сотрудников в специальных проектах и мероприятиях, направленных на охрану природы, экологическое образование и устойчивое использование ресурсов позволяет не только приобрести новые знания и навыки в области экологии, но и осознать свою ответственность за окружающую среду. Проведение данных мероприятий направлено на развитие гражданской ответственности и трансформации системы высшего образования Казахстана. Следуя трендам международной практики университеты развивают волонтерское движение. Одной из главных задач экологического волонтерства в системе высшего образования Казахстана является интеграция экологических аспектов в учебные программы и научные исследования. Авторами проанализированы реализуемые мероприятия по развитию эковолонтеской деятельности в университетах Казахстана. Рассмотрено результаты участия казахстанских университетов в международных рейтингах, таких как UI GreenMetric World University Rankings и QS Sustainability University Rankings, являющимися важными показателями их вклада в области устойчивого развития и эко-ориентированного подхода к образованию. В настоящее время все вузы мира должны быть ориентированы на создание «зеленого университета», который имеет свои показатели. Нами был изучен международный опыт создания и развития «зеленого университета».
Environmental volunteering plays an important role in the transformation of the higher education system in Kazakhstan. An active form of participation of students, teachers and staff in special projects and events aimed at nature conservation, environmental education and sustainable use of resources allows not only to acquire new knowledge and skills in the field of ecology, but also to realize their responsibility for the environment. Carrying out these events is aimed at developing civic responsibility and transforming the higher education system in Kazakhstan. Following trends in international practice, universities are developing the volunteer movement. One of the main objectives of environmental volunteering in the higher education system of Kazakhstan is the integration of environmental aspects into educational programs and scientific research. The authors analyzed the ongoing activities for the development of ecovolunteer activities at universities in Kazakhstan. The results of the participation of Kazakhstani universities in international rankings, such as UI GreenMetric World University Rankings and QS Sustainability University Rankings, which are important indicators of their contribution to sustainable development and an eco-oriented approach to education, are considered. Currently, all universities in the world should be focused on creating a “green university”, which has its own indicators. We studied international experience in creating and developing a “green university”.
Bilingualism and its impact on the cognitive development of students in Russia
Authors: Сардалова Л.Р. , Арсалиева Э.Х. 
Published: March 2024

В последние годы все больше внимания уделяется исследованию влияния билингвизма на когнитивное развитие личности. Данная статья посвящена изучению особенностей влияния раннего билингвального обучения на развитие познавательных способностей студентов вузов Чеченской Республики. Цель данного исследования заключалась в выявлении закономерностей формирования когнитивных навыков у молодых людей, получавших начальное образование на двух языках. В исследовании приняли участие 120 студентов естественно-научных факультетов ЧГУ и ЧГПУ в возрасте от 18 до 22 лет. Для оценки когнитивных способностей испытуемых были проведены тестирования по шести параметрам: гибкости мышления, объема и удержания внимания, пространственной ориентировки, рабочей памяти, скорости обработки информации и уровня развития логического мышления. Результаты тестирования показали статистически достоверное преимущество билингвов по таким показателям как гибкость и объем мышления, рабочая память и скорость обработки информации. Таким образом, можно сделать вывод о положительном влиянии раннего билингвального обучения на формирование ряда важных когнитивных навыков.
In recent years, more and more attention has been paid to the study of the influence of bilingualism on the cognitive development of an individual. This article is devoted to studying the features of the influence of early bilingual education on the development of cognitive abilities of university students in the Chechen Republic. The purpose of this study was to identify patterns of development of cognitive skills in young people who received primary education in two languages. The study involved 120 students of the natural science faculties of ChSU and ChSPU, aged 18 to 22 years. To assess the cognitive abilities of the subjects, testing was carried out on six parameters: flexibility of thinking, volume and retention of attention, spatial orientation, working memory, speed of information processing and level of development of logical thinking. Test results showed a statistically significant advantage for bilinguals in such indicators as flexibility and scope of thinking, working memory and speed of information processing. Thus, we can conclude that early bilingual education has a positive impact on the formation of a number of important cognitive skills.
ANALISIS FAKTOR PENYEBAB EKSTERNAL DAN INTERNAL KEBANGKRUTAN EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY
Authors: Maylinasari Lely , Meisaputri Ratna , Fahmi Fiqih Zulfikar , Firky Alfandio 
Published: March 2024

Analysis of the factors that influence customer satisfaction using Eastman Company Tow Matrix analysis, External Factor Evaluation analysis is used to determine the company's external factors related to opportunities and threats. This analysis aims to find out and analyze what factors are opportunities and threats that will be faced by the company using Tows, EFE, IFE analysis. The method used in the analysis process is the Tows, EFE, IFE process by using a predetermined table. The results show that sequentially the analysis used affects the company using Tows analysis, EFE, IFE are Opportunities, Threads, Strengths, Weaknesses. Therefore the analysis that affects the company can develop.
Keywords: customer satisfaction; Eastman Company's Tow Matrix analysis; EFE; IFE
Implementasi Model EICCoIE Dalam Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP – Universitas Mataram
Authors: Suyantri Eni , Sri Handayani Baiq , Ayu Lestari Tri 
Published: March 2024

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan kegiatan kewirausahaan mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi FKIP Universitas Mataram. Model pelatihan yang digunakan adalah EICCoIE yaitu exploration, identification, collaboration, coaching clinic, implementation dan evaluation. Terdapat 8 bidang usaha yang teridentifikasi dari hasil pelatihan yaitu bidang kuliner, kecantikan, fashion, handycraft, jasa, souvenir, transportasi dan alat tulis kantor. Dari 8 ide awal yang teridentifikasi dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok bidang usaha yaitu kuliner, kecantikan, fashion dan jasa. Kolaborasi mahasiswa pada masing-masing bidang diperlukan untuk mengembangkan bidang usaha tersebut dan mengatasi segala permasalahan yang muncul. Coaching clinic dilaksanakan 2 tahap yaitu tahap pemberian materi dan pendampingan praktek pembuatan produk. Implementasi kegiatan usaha mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi yaitu dengan dibukanya warung mini Kebun Kopi Biologi yang menjual produk hasil pelatihan serta produk mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, keuntungan yang didapatkan tiap bulan yaitu sebesar Rp 1.250.000,00. Disepakati pembagian keuntungan sebesar 30% untuk pengelola usaha, 50% untuk pemilik produk dan 20% untuk Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi. Keuntungan program studi selanjutnya nantinya akan digunakan untuk pengembangan usaha bagi kelompok mahasiswa usaha berikutnya sehingga kewirausahaan mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Biologi dapat dilaksanakan secara berkelanjutan.
Um Desfecho Infeliz de um Diagnóstico Evitável: Caso Clínico
Authors: Pedrosa Rita , Marques João , Vaz Teresa , Silva Ricardo 
Published: March 2024

O vírus da imunodeficiência humana (VIH) constitui uma das infeções sexualmente transmissíveis com maior impacto na vida do doente, sendo fundamental o diagnóstico precoce de forma a iniciar terapêutica antirretroviral atempadamente e evitar a evolução da doença.Apresentamos o caso de uma mulher de 60 anos com quadro de epigastralgia, ageusia e perda ponderal de 9% com 3 meses de evolução. Foi solicitado estudo analítico, endoscopia digestiva alta e baixa e radiografia do tórax, que revelaram hérnia do hiato volumosa e linfopenia ligeira. Um mês depois desenvolveu dispneia, confusão temporoespacial e alteração da fala, tendo recorrido ao serviço de urgência onde foi diagnosticada infeção por VIH. Durante o internamento objetivou-se infeção por Pneumocystis jirovecci e diagnóstico de linfoma primário do sistema nervoso central, ambas doenças definidoras da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida (SIDA).Com este caso pretendemos alertar para a exclusão do diagnóstico de VIH em doentes com sintomas constitucionais e para o seu rastreio não só em populações de risco como também, pelo menos uma vez durante a vida, em adultos dos 18 aos 64 anos sem fatores de risco.
Analisis Gaya Belajar Peserta Didik dalam Pembelajaran di Kelas
Authors: Retnowati Endah , Nugraheni Nursiwi 
Published: March 2024

Gaya belajar dapat mempengaruhi peserta didik untuk menerima informasi dari guru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi gaya belajar peserta didik dalam pembelajaran di kelas V SDN Purwoyoso 06. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mendeskripsikan atau menjabarkan gaya belajar peserta didik. Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa peserta didik di kelas V SDN Purwoyoso 06 mempunyai variasi gaya belajar, dimana peserta didik dengan gaya belajar auditori sebesar 48%, gaya belajar visual sebesar 31%, dan gaya belajar kinestetik 21%. Disimpulkan bahwa gaya belajar peserta didik didominasi oleh gaya belajar visual, dimana peserta didik lebih mudah memahami materi pembelajaran sesuai dengan yang dilihat daripada yang didengar. Guru harus memahami gaya belajar peserta didiknya guna menentukan strategi dan media yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Orang tua dapat mendorong dan menciptakan lingkungan belajar kondusif sesuai dengan kebutuhan anak, sehingga menjadi lebih kondusif dalam proses belajar.
HAJI DI MASA KOLONIAL: ORDONASI DAN RESOLUSI
Authors: Harahap Nur Ikwana 
Published: March 2024

Haji pada abad ke 19 merupakan alat untuk mentransmisikan budaya dan doktrin agama. Tantangan yang di hadapi oleh calon jamaah haji yaitu berasal dari bangsa belanda sebagai pengelolah haji. Peraturan yang diterapkan mulai dari sebelum berangkat haji sampai sepulang dari tanah suci sangat mempersulit jamaah. Naiknya status sosial setelah menunaikan haji memiliki pengaruh tersendiri bagi masyarakat, Haji memiliki makna dan pengaruh yang signifikan pada abad ke 19 mampu menggerakkan kekuatan sosial dan kultural untuk melawan belanda oleh karena itu belanda membuat peraturan kebijakan khusus terkait ibadah haji yang tujuannya untuk meminilisir jumlah jamaah haji dari indonesia dan pada akhirnya kebijakan tersebut tidak berpengaruh bagi jamaah haji sehinggah muncul perlawanan-perlawanan umat Islam yang di pimpin oleh para pemuka agama islam yang bertitel haji. Ibadah Haji memiliki pengaruh besar terhadap indonesia salah satunya di bagian Politik, Ekonomi dan pendidikan. Dibagian Pendidikan banyak masyarakat indonesia yang telah haji kemudian menetap di makkah untuk menuntuk ilmu setelah itu di amalkan atau dilaksanakan ilmu tersebut ke Indonesia. Dibagian Politik dengan adanya ibadah Haji Kolonial masyarakat Indonesia untuk membentuk organisasi-organisasi Islam diantara SI. Dibagian Ekonomi dengan adanya ibadah Haji membuat perekonomian meningkat terutama di pelayaran, hal ini dikarenakan masyarakat arab dan inggris banyak yang berdagang di pelayaran pada saat keberangkan ibadah Haji.
Using coherent processing algorithms for direction finding of UAV acoustic signals
Authors: Kartashov V.М. , Rybnykov M.V. 
Published: March 2024

Small UAVs are often used in a group, since their signals are highly correlated, their resolution is reduced when using non-coherent processing.
The article analyzes the well-known methods of coherent processing of acoustic signals in order to increase the resolution in the direction finding of signals with a high degree of correlation. Obtaining qualitative indicators of the analyzed algorithms was carried out by the method of statistical computer modeling in the Matlab environment.
Based on the simulation results, it is shown that coherent signal processing methods are the most stable in conditions of low signal-to-noise ratios, while non-coherent ones show the best results in the region of high signal-to-noise ratio, while coherent algorithms can potentially distinguish more targets. the WAVES coherent algorithm performs better in the high signal-to-noise ratio region, but loses to the CSSM algorithm in the low signal-to-noise region.
To increase the efficiency of coherent processing of multipath signals, it applies spatial filtering of the inputsignal.