bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In Situ Growth Strategy to Construct “Four‐In‐One” Separators with Functionalized Polyphosphazene Coatings for Safe and Stable Lithium–Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Dong Xinxin , Gu Weiwen , Tong Xin , Liu Guoqing , Sun Jun , Li Huihui , Gu Xiaoyu , Zhu Tao , Zhang Sheng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) are facing many challenges, such as the inadequate conductivity of sulfur, the shuttle effect caused by lithium polysulfide (LiPSs), lithium dendrites, and the flammability, which have hindered their commercial applications. Herein, a “four‐in‐one” functionalized coating is fabricated on the surface of polypropylene (PP) separator by using a novel flame‐retardant namely InC‐HCTB to meet these challenges. InC‐HCTB is obtained by cultivating polyphosphazene on the surface of carbon nanotubes with an in situ growth strategy. First, this unique architecture fosters an enhanced conductive network, bolstering the bidirectional enhancement of both ionic and electronic conductivities. Furthermore, InC‐HCTB effectively inhibits the shuttle effect of LiPSs. LSBs exhibit a remarkable capacity of 1170.7 mA h g−1 at 0.2 C, and the capacity degradation is a mere 0.0436% over 800 cycles at 1 C. Third, InC‐HCTB coating serves as an ion migration network, hindering the growth of lithium dendrites. More importantly, InC‐HCTB exhibits notable flame retardancy. The radical trapping action in the gas phase and the protective effect of the shielded char layer in the condensed phase are simulated and verified. This facile in situ growth strategy constructs a “four‐in‐one” functional separator coating, rendering InC‐HCTB a promising additive for the large‐scale production of safe and stable LSBs.
Bromine Atoms Decorated Pyene‐based Covalent Organic Frameworks for Accelerated Photocatalytic H2 Production
Authors: Deng Xile , Gao Nan , Bai Lianyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning materials with low exciton binding energy is an efficient way of improving the hydrogen production performance of COFs（Covalent Organic Frameworks. Here, it is demonstrated that the strategy of decorating bromine atoms on Pyene‐based COFs can achieve elevated photocatalytic H2 evolution rates (HER = 13.61 mmol g−1h−1). Low‐temperature fluorescence and time‐resolved fluorescence spectroscopy (TRPL) indicate that the introduction of bromine atoms can significantly suppress charge recombination. DFT (Density Functional Theory) calculation clarified that the C atoms adjacent to Br are the active sites with a reduced energy barrier in the process of formatting H intermediate species (H*). The modification strategy of Br atoms in COF furnishes a new medium for exploiting exquisite photocatalysts.
Mixed‐Transducer Micro‐Origami for Efficient Motion and Decoupled Sensing
Authors: Zhu Yi , Ghrayeb Anan , Yu Joonyoung , Yang Yiwei , Filipov Evgueni T. , Oldham Kenn R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work introduces a mixed‐transducer micro‐origami to achieve efficient vibration, controllable motion, and decoupled sensing. Existing micro‐origami systems tend to have only one type of transducer (actuator/sensor), which limits their versatility and functionality because any given transducer system has a narrow range of advantageous working conditions. However, it is possible to harness the benefit of different micro‐transducer systems to enhance the performance of functional micro‐origami. More specifically, this work introduces a micro‐origami system that can integrate the advantages of three transducer systems: strained morph (SM) systems, polymer based electro‐thermal (ET) systems, and thin‐film lead zirconate titanate (PZT) systems. A versatile photolithography fabrication process is introduced to build this mixed‐transducer micro‐origami system, and their performance is investigated through experiments and simulation models. This work shows that mixed‐transducer micro‐origami can achieve power efficient vibration with high frequency, large vibration ranges, and little degradation; can produce decoupled folding motion with good controllability; and can accomplish simultaneous sensing and actuation to detect and interact with external environments and small‐scale samples. The superior performance of mixed‐transducer micro‐origami systems makes them promising tools for micro‐manipulation, micro‐assembly, biomedical probes, self‐sensing metamaterials, and more.
Phase Engineering via Aluminum Doping Enhances the Electrochemical Stability of Lithium‐Rich Cobalt‐Free Layered Oxides for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: De Sloovere Dries , Mylavarapu Satish Kumar , D'Haen Jan , Thersleff Thomas , Jaworski Aleksander , Grins Jekabs , Svensson Gunnar , Stoyanova Radostina , Jøsang Leif Olav , Prakasha Kunkanadu Rajappa , Merlo Maximiliano , Martínez Elías , Nel‐lo Pascual Marc , Jacas Biendicho Jordi , Van Bael Marlies K. , Hardy An 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLithium‐rich, cobalt‐free oxides are promising potential positive electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries because of their high energy density, lower cost, and reduced environmental and ethical concerns. However, their commercial breakthrough is hindered because of their subpar electrochemical stability. This work studies the effect of aluminum doping on Li1.26Ni0.15Mn0.61O2 as a lithium‐rich, cobalt‐free layered oxide. Al doping suppresses voltage fade and improves the capacity retention from 46% for Li1.26Ni0.15Mn0.61O2 to 67% for Li1.26Ni0.15Mn0.56Al0.05O2 after 250 cycles at 0.2 C. The undoped material has a monoclinic Li2MnO3‐type structure with spinel on the particle edges. In contrast, Al‐doped materials (Li1.26Ni0.15Mn0.61‐xAlxO2) consist of a more stable rhombohedral phase at the particle edges, with a monoclinic phase core. For this core‐shell structure, the formation of Mn3+ is suppressed along with the material's decomposition to a disordered spinel, and the amount of the rhombohedral phase content increases during galvanostatic cycling. Whereas previous studies generally provided qualitative insight into the degradation mechanisms during electrochemical cycling, this work provides quantitative information on the stabilizing effect of the rhombohedral shell in the doped sample. As such, this study provides fundamental insight into the mechanisms through which Al doping increases the electrochemical stability of lithium‐rich cobalt‐free layered oxides.
Enhancing Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia Through Crystal Phase Engineering: Unveiling the Hydrogen Bonding Effect in δ‐FeOOH Electrocatalysis
Authors: Qu Kaiyu , Zhu Xiaojuan , Zhang Yu , Song Leyang , Wang Jing , Gong Yushuang , Liu Xiang , Wang An‐Liang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCrystal phase engineering has emerged as a powerful tool for tailoring the electrocatalytic performance, yet its impact on nitrate reduction to ammonia (NRA) remains largely uncharted territory. Herein, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to unravel the influence of the crystal phase of FeOOH on the adsorption behavior of *NO3. Inspiringly, FeOOH samples with four distinct crystal phases (δ, γ, α, and β) are successfully synthesized and deployed as electrocatalysts for NRA. Remarkably, among all FeOOH samples, δ‐FeOOH demonstrates the superior NRA performance, achieving a NH3 Faradic efficiency () of 90.2% at –1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a NH3 yield rate () of 5.73 mg h−1 cm−2 at –1.2 V. In‐depth experiments and theoretical calculations unveil the existence of hydrogen bonding interaction between δ‐FeOOH and *NOx, which not only enhances the adsorption of *NOx but also disrupts the linear relationships between the free energy of *NO3 adsorption and various parameters, including limiting potential, d‐band center (εd) and transferred charge from FeOOH to *NO3, ultimately contributing to the exceptional NRA performance.
A lightweight Intrusion Detection for Internet of Things‐based smart buildings
Authors: Murthy Amith , Asghar Muhammad Rizwan , Tu Wanqing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices into commercial or industrial buildings to create smart environments, such as Smart Buildings (SBs), has enabled real‐time data collection and processing to effectively manage building operations. Due to poor security design and implementation in IoT devices, SB networks face an array of security challenges and threats (e.g., botnet malware) that leverage IoT devices to conduct Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks on the Internet infrastructure. Machine Learning (ML)‐based traffic classification systems aim to automatically detect such attacks by effectively differentiating attacks from benign traffic patterns in IoT networks. However, there is an inherent accuracy‐efficiency tradeoff in network traffic classification tasks. To balance this tradeoff, we develop an accurate yet lightweight device‐specific traffic classification model. This model classifies SB traffic flows into four types of coarse‐grained flows, based on the locations of traffic sources and the directions of traffic transmissions. Through these four types of coarse‐grained flows, the model can extract simple yet effective flow rate features to conduct learning and predictions. Our experiments find the model to achieve an overall accuracy of 96%, with only 32 features to be learned by the ML model.
Vinyl Polymers as Key Materials in Contact Lens Design: A Review of Progress and Future Directions
Authors: Shaker Lina M. , Al‐Amiery Ahmed , Isahak Wan Nor Roslam Wan , Al‐Azzawi Waleed Khalid 
Published: March 2024

AbstractVinyl polymers, crucial in contemporary contact lens design, present unique attributes with promising implications for vision correction. This comprehensive review navigates the trajectory and future trajectories of vinyl polymer‐based contact lenses. The introduction underscores the vital role of contact lenses in vision correction and positions vinyl polymers as ideal materials due to their exceptional properties. Delving into material specifics—high oxygen permeability, optical clarity, surface wettability, and mechanical strength—the analysis emphasizes their influence on corneal health, comfort, and durability. The versatility of manufacturing techniques, encompassing spin casting, molding processes, polymerization, and surface modification, underscores their feasibility in crafting high‐quality lenses. Examining clinical applications, encompassing daily disposables, extended wear, silicone hydrogel, and specialty lenses, alongside biocompatibility assessments and user feedback, provides a nuanced understanding of vinyl polymer‐based lens effectiveness. The article candidly addresses challenges—dehydration, deposits, mechanical stability, and durability—alongside regulatory considerations. Future prospects involve novel formulations, smart materials, bioinspired designs, and noninvasive technologies to amplify comfort and performance. In conclusion, this review distills progress, acknowledges challenges, and charts a sanguine course for vinyl polymer materials in advancing contact lens design, envisioning a future marked by enhanced vision correction technologies.
Effect of Particle Diameter on Water Sorption by Rice Grains
Authors: Nagahama Tamaki , Adachi Shuji , Watanabe Yoshiyuki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWater sorption of non‐glutinous Uruchi and sticky Mochi rice grains of different diameters is kinetically analyzed using linear driving force and autocatalytic models. Water‐sorption curves are classified into two types based on their shape and according to the state of rice grains below and above the gelatinization temperature. Below the gelatinization temperature, the apparent activation energy and the frequency factor decrease with increasing rice‐particle diameter. The water sorption mechanisms of both types of rice appear to be the same in terms of the enthalpy–entropy compensation effect. Above the gelatinization temperature, it appears that the gelatinizable areas of starch granules contribute to the equilibrium moisture content, whereas the non‐gelatinizable areas affect the rate constant.
SafeNet: Towards mitigating replaceable unsafe Rust code via a recommendation‐based approach
Authors: Dong Yan , Zhang Zhicong , Cui Mohan , Xu Hui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRust is a system‐level programming language with advantages in memory safety. It ensures that any Rust programs without unsafe code should not incur undefined behaviours. However, unsafe code still plays an essential role in Rust to achieve low‐level control. Therefore, a major design pattern of Rust programs is interior unsafe, which wraps unsafe code as safe APIs and handles all undefined behaviours internally. Rust standard library already provides a rich set of safe APIs to facilitate Rust code development. Nevertheless, due to unfamiliarity with these APIs, developers may misuse unnecessary unsafe code and suffer memory‐safety risks. In this paper, we investigate an approach to mitigate replaceable unsafe code. We first analyse unsafe APIs of the Rust standard library and summarize their common usage patterns. Each pattern corresponds to one or several code samples in our knowledge base. Then, we develop an approach to automatically recognize the usage pattern and recommend corresponding code samples. Our approach leverages dataflow analysis to exclude impossible patterns and employs a BERT‐based machine learning model to find the most similar pattern among the rest. We have conducted evaluation experiments with 472 unsafe code snippets collected from GitHub projects and successfully recognized the pattern of 394 snippets. We hope our approach can assist developers in detecting unnecessary unsafe code and suggesting safe alternatives.
Effectiveness of an ecological flow regime to assure successful recruitment of anadromous Coregoninae populations in the Rupert River (northern Quebec, Canada)
Authors: Belzile Louis , Guay Jean-Christophe 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
As part of a large-scale hydroelectric project, the mean annual flow of the Rupert River (northern Quebec, Canada) was reduced by 52% at its mouth in 2009. To protect fish habitat, an ecological flow regime that was modulated according to the biological seasons was implemented downstream from the diversion point. An 8-year monitoring program, including 2 years before partial diversion, was carried out to verify the effectiveness of this mitigation measure on the total annual abundance of anadromous Coregoninae (Cisco Coregonus artedi and Lake Whitefish C. clupeaformis) larvae, which was used as biological indicator of recruitment success. The monitoring also aimed to determine the effects of flow modification on the timing of the larval drift and the spatial distribution of larvae in a river cross section.

Methods
Each year, sampling consisted of installing drift nets during the entire downstream larval migration in a river cross section of the lower Rupert River. Drift nets were systematically placed to ensure representative sampling of the river section.

Result
Prior to flow reduction, the estimated total number of larvae varied between 1.8 and 8.6 million. Over the following 6 years, the estimated larval population has remained steady at 3–4 million. Otherwise, larval drift characteristics have not changed since the flow reduction, as (1) the duration of the larval drift is the same as before, about 1 month in May and early June, with a peak period of about 8 days; (2) rise in water temperature in spring is a determining factor in the timing of larval drift; and (3) the larvae drift mainly near the surface of the water.

Conclusion
The monitoring results indicate that the ecological flow regime implemented in the Rupert River was adequate to maintain anadromous coregonine populations.
It's not just a science thing: Educating future STEM professionals through mis/disinformation responsive instruction
Authors: Herman Benjamin C. , Poor Sarah , Clough Michael P. , Rao Asha , Kidd Aaron , De Jesús Daniel , Varghese Davis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInformed scientific thinking is a vital component of engaging all socioscientific issues (SSI) such as climate change and the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, socioscientific engagement may be influenced by sociocultural factors and mis/disinformation efforts to the widespread detriment of human and environmental well‐being. The purpose of this mixed‐methods study was to determine how 506 post‐secondary life science majors' COVID‐19 related nature science (NOS) views and COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance/support and conspiracy resistance changed through pandemic responsive instruction on COVID‐19 science, viral biology, and vaccines with integrated focus on NOS and mis/disinformation. This investigation also sought to reveal factors (e.g., sociocultural group membership, NOS views) that associated with changes in those students' COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance/support and conspiracy resistance. After experiencing the pandemic responsive instruction, the students' COVID‐19 vaccine acceptance/support and conspiracy resistance and trust in COVID‐19 science and cognizance of its reliable and revisionary character (i.e., NOS) significantly improved from a small to large extent. Through the pandemic responsive instruction, the students' development of NOS views significantly associated with their development of higher levels of vaccine acceptance and conspiracy resistance and increases in students' vaccine conspiracy resistance significantly associated with increases in vaccine acceptance. Changes in students' vaccine acceptance and conspiracy resistance from before to after the pandemic responsive instruction also varied significantly based on sociocultural grouping (e.g., race/ethnicity and political orientation). Despite the promising impact demonstrated by the pandemic responsive instruction, vaccine conspiracy views and resistance appeared to linger among the students who notably were entering fields that deal with viruses, vaccines, and public health. Implications discussed include the importance for helping students to understand NOS relevant to SSI and analyze how sociocultural membership, motivated and identity protective reasoning processes, mis/disinformation, and trust in science influence socioscientific decision‐making.
Enhancing river floodplain management with nature‐based solutions: Overcoming barriers and harnessing enablers
Authors: Christopher Nikita , Vachette Astrid , Horne Avril , Kosovac Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFloodplains are regularly inundated areas of land that provide ecosystem benefits for the entire catchment area, along with numerous benefits for communities making them ideal for human settlement. The management of floodplains involves an ongoing dilemma; how best to balance the need to protect urban settlements from significant flood events with the benefits that inundation brings to the environmental and cultural values of the floodplain. These flood events have been traditionally addressed using technical flood protection measures. However, nature‐based solutions (NbS), provide a potential alternative approach. In this research, we analyze 29 global case studies centered on river floodplain management to investigate the barriers and enablers that affect the implementation of NbS, including floodplain restoration, mangroves, riparian forest restoration, wetland green infrastructure, among other strategies. The aim of this paper is to gain insights into improving floodplain management through the assessment of barriers and enablers evident in these case studies. The barriers and enablers were divided into six categories: social, technical, financial, political, institutional and economic and further into several sub‐divided categories. Social and technical categories were the most commonly described barriers and enablers closely followed by the institutional category. The discussion is centered around four topics: understanding community and decision‐maker risk perceptions, increased focus on stakeholders, managing multiple conflicting objectives, and consideration of multiple spatial scales. Further research on the uptake of NbS needs to focus on addressing risk communication and modeling, managing trade‐offs, and demonstration of delayed benefits.This article is categorized under:
Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness
Science of Water > Water and Environmental Change
Reflection of plane waves in a nonlocal double poroelastic semiconducting medium with variable thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity
Authors: Sheokand Parmender , Deswal Sunita , Choudhary Suman , Jangra Amit 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe present investigation is concerned with the reflection phenomena of plane waves in a homogeneous, isotropic, nonlocal, photothermoelastic semiconducting medium under the effects of double porosity, variable thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity. The formulation is applied to generalized thermoelasticity based on the Lord–Shulman theory. The problem is solved analytically and it is shown that there exist six coupled longitudinal waves in addition to an independent transverse wave in the considered medium. The amplitude ratios and energy ratios of these reflected waves have been calculated analytically and computed numerically for a specific material with the help of MATLAB programming. The numerical results of reflection coefficients are presented graphically to show the effects of double porosity, photothermal transport process, nonlocality, variable thermal conductivity and mass diffusivity. It is verified that during reflection phenomena, the sum of energy ratios is equal to unity at each angle of incidence and there is no energy dissipation at the boundary surface. Some special cases of interest have also been inferred from the current investigation.
Perturbative RG flows in AdS. An étude
Authors: Lauria Edoardo , Milam Michael N. , van Rees Balt C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We discuss general properties of perturbative RG flows in AdS with a focus on the treatment of boundary conditions and infrared divergences. In contrast with flat-space boundary QFT, general covariance in AdS implies the absence of independent boundary flows. We illustrate how boundary correlation functions remain conformally covariant even if the bulk QFT has a scale. We apply our general discussion to the RG flow between consecutive unitary diagonal minimal models which is triggered by the ϕ(1,3) operator. For these theories we conjecture a flow diagram whose form is significantly simpler than that in flat-space boundary QFT. In several stand-alone appendices we discuss two-dimensional BCFTs in general and the minimal model BCFTs in particular. These include both an extensive review as well as the computation of several new BCFT correlation functions.
Gravitational p → ∆+ transition form factors in chiral perturbation theory
Authors: Alharazin H. , Sun B.-D. , Epelbaum E. , Gegelia J. , Meißner U.-G. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The gravitational form factors of the transition from the proton to the ∆+ resonance are calculated to leading one-loop order using a manifestly Lorentz-invariant formulation of chiral perturbation theory. We take into account the leading electromagnetic and strong isospin-violating effects. The loop contributions to the transition form factors are found to be free of power-counting violating pieces, which is consistent with the absence of tree-level diagrams at the considered order. In this sense, our results can be regarded as predictions of chiral perturbation theory.