bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alkali‐Phosphorverbindungen und ihr reaktives Verhalten, XXIX. [N‐Phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl]‐phosphine
Authors: Issleib Kurt , Harzfeld Georg 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPhenylisothiocyanat reagiert mit sek. Phosphinen R2PH (Rc‐C6H11, C6H5, C6H5) unter Bildung der [N‐Phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl]‐phosphine R2PC(S)NHC6H5. Sie setzen sich mit LiC6H5 unter Metallierung zu den entsprechenden Lithium‐[N‐phenyl‐thiocarbamoyll‐phosphinen um. Dieser Verbindungstyp ent‐steht auch aus Alkaliphosphiden MePR2 und C6H5NCS, wobei u. a. weiteres 2NCS und Lösungsmittel addiert werden. Sowohl inP(c‐11)2]Li⊕ als auch in [C6H5NC(S⊖)N((C6H5)C(S)PR2]Me⊕ (Rc‐C6H11, 2; MeLi, K) liegen mesomeriefähige Anionen vor, die sich mit 2J zu R2PC(S2)N2 oder mit 2OH zu R2PC(S)NHC6H5 umsetzen. Sek. Diphosphine und prim. Phosphine bilden mit Phenylisothiocyanat ebenfalls [N‐Phenyl‐thiocarbamoyl)‐phosphine C6H5HNC(S)PR[CH2]nPRC(S)NH2, RP[C(S)NHC6H5]2 und RHPC(S)NHC6H5 (RC6H5, c‐C6H11).
Metallhydrazide, VIII. Synthese von Amidrazonen aus Nitrilen und Natriumhydrazid
Authors: Kauffmann Thomas , Spaude Siegfried , Wolf Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAromatische und aliphatische Mononitrile werden durch Umsetzen mit Natriumhydrazid in Diäthyl‐ oder Diisopropyläther bei 0–60° und Hydrolyse der gebildeten Addukte mit Wasser in guter Ausbeute in die Amidrazone übergeführt.
Über Verbindungen mit Urotropin‐Struktur, XXXI. Herstellung von Derivaten des 1‐Phenyl‐adamantans
Authors: Stetter Hermann , Weber Johannes , Wulff Claus 
Published: June 2007

Abstractp‐[Adamantyl‐(1)]‐anilin erhält man sowohl ausgehend von 1‐Phenyl‐adamantan als auch durch direkte Umsetzung von 1‐Brom‐adamantan mit Acetanilid ohne Katalysatorzusatz und anschließende Verseifung. Unter den gleichen Bedingungen gelingt auch die Alkylierung von Acet‐o‐toluidid und Toluol in hohen Ausbeuten. Ausgehend von den durch direkte Alkylierung erhaltenen Reaktions‐produkten werden eine Reihe weiterer Derivate des 1‐Phenyl‐adamantans hergestellt.
Reaktion der Carbene mit Diazoalkanen, III
Authors: Reimlinger Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBei der Reaktion von Chloroform und Base mit Diaryl‐diazomethanen entstehen die gem. Dihalogenäthylene und bei sterischer Abschirmung des basischen C‐Atoms daneben 1‐Dichlormethylen‐2‐diarylmethylen‐hydrazine (gemischte Azine). Die relativ hohe Stabilität der letzteren bestätigt den postulierten Carben‐Chemismus nicht nur für diese Reaktion, sondern auch für die DOERING‐Reaktion. Die Thermolyseprodukte dieser gemischten Azine weisen auf einen Zerfall in Dichlorcarben und Diaryl‐diazomethan hin. 1.3‐Diphenyl‐imidazolidinyliden‐(2) addiert sich, wie auch gleichzeitig H. W. WANZLICK zeigen konnte, an den Diazostickstoff unter Bildung des gemischten Azins.
Stickstoffhaltige Steroide, VIII. Darstellung von Aziridinen
Authors: Ponsold Kurt 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Reduktion von vicinalen Azidoalkohol‐methansulfonsäureestern mit Hydrazinhydrat/Raney‐Nickel führt zu Aziridinen. Die Struktur der Aziridine wurde durch Desaminierung mit salpetriger Säure zu den entsprechenden ungesättigten Verbindungen gesichert. Einige Derivate der Aziridine wurden dargestellt.
Umsetzung von Steroidketonen mit Sulfonium‐Yliden
Authors: Drefahl Günther , Ponsold Kurt , Schick Hans 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie Umsetzung von Δ5‐Androstenol‐(3β)‐on‐(17) und 5α‐Androstanol‐(3β)‐on‐(17) mit Dimethylsulfonium‐methylid zu 17β.20‐Epoxy‐21‐nor‐pregnan‐Derivaten wird beschrieben. Die Reduktion der 17β.20‐Epoxy‐21‐nor‐pregnan‐Derivate führt zu 17β‐Hydroxy‐17α‐methyl‐androstan‐Derivaten und eröffnet einen neuen Syntheseweg für 17α‐Methyl‐testosteron.
Über N‐metallierte sek. Amine als Hydrid‐Donatoren
Authors: Wittig Georg , Frommeld Hans‐Dieter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDie über drei Stufen sich vollziehende Umsetzung von Benzophenon mit Lithiumdiäthylamid zu Benzhydrol und der Schiffschen Base III wurde eingehender untersucht, wobei sich zeigte, daß der Prozeß bei 0° innerhalb von einer Min. über alle Phasen hinweg beendet war. Nachdem festgestellt worden war, daß metallierte Anilinderivate zwar langsamer, aber im Falle des N‐[n‐Butyl]‐anilins praktisch quantitativ mit Benzophenon bis zu den Aldoladdukten durchreagierten, konnte am Lithium‐N‐benzyl‐anilid/Benzophenon‐Paar der in der ersten Stufe ablaufende Redoxvorgang in kinetischen Messungen als Reaktion zweiter Ordnung ermittelt werden.
Synthesen von 1‐Hydroxy‐dehydrochinolizinium‐, Oxa‐ und Aza‐dehydrochinoliziniumsalzen
Authors: Kröhnke Fritz , Schnegelberger Harald , Weis Willi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEs werden Wege zu 1‐Hydroxy‐dehydrochinolizinium‐ sowie zu Aza‐ und Oxadehydrochinoliziniumsalzen noch nicht bekannten Typs beschrieben.
Treatment of mechanical valve thrombosis during pregnancy
Authors: Choi Calvin , Midwall Scott , Chaille Peter , Conti C. R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPregnant patients with mechanical valves require anticoagulation. The risk of bleeding and embryopathy associated with oral anticoagulation must be weighed against the risk of valve thrombosis. In the presence of a mechanical valve thrombosis, an appropriate treatment modality must be selected, as it is critical for the health of mother and fetus. In this review, we present a pregnant patient with mechanical valve thrombosis (MVT) who underwent thrombolytic therapy, subsequent anticoagulation according to available guidelines, and delivered a healthy baby at full term. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Initial Heart Rate and Systolic Blood Pressure Predict Outcomes in Chronic Heart Failure Patients who are Evaluated for Cardiac Transplant
Authors: Aranda Juan M. , McIntyre Stephen E. , Klodell Charles T. , York Kaki M. , Dragstedt Carl A. , Chaille Peter J. , Conti Jamie B. , Pauly Daniel F. , Hill James A. , Schofield Richard S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundHeart rate (HR) and systolic blood pressure (SBP) are currently not considered among common clinical indicators of prognosis in patients referred for heart transplant (Htx). We sought to determine whether an initial hemodynamic profile of HR and SBP could be used to predict outcomes in chronic heart failure patients evaluated for Htx.MethodsWe analyzed the medical records of patients evaluated for Htx and obtained demographic and clinical data collected at the initial transplant clinic visit or inpatient encounter. We assigned patients to groups based on their HR and SBP. Groups were compared after follow‐up for differences in freedom from death or Htx.ResultsFrom 1999 to 2003, 400 consecutive patients were considered by the local Htx medical review board. The median duration of follow‐up was 26 months (interquartile range 1 to 45 months). Patients with initial ≥ 90 beats per minute (bpm) and initial SBP < 100 mmHg ((n = 34) had worse New York Heart Association functional class (p=0.02), lower cardiac output ((p =0.02 ), and greater hyponatremia (>0.001;). These patients were more likely to be hospitalized at the time of referral (p >0.001) and more likely to have experienced death or Htx during follow‐up than patients with other hemodynamic profiles (p = 0.001).ConclusionsA hemodynamic profile of HR and SBP can be used with other prognostic indicators to identify high‐risk patients at the time of initial evaluation for Htx. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cardiac Manifestations of Parasitic Infections Part 3: Pericardial and Miscellaneous Cardiopulmonary Manifestations
Authors: Franco‐Paredes. Carlos , Rouphael Nadine , Méndez José , Folch Erik , Rodríguez‐Morales Alfonso J. , Santos José Ignacio , Hurst J. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis is part three of a three‐part series discussing parasites of the heart. In this section, we present an overview on parasitic diseases involving predominantly the pericardium and other miscellaneous cardiopulmonary manifestations such as some pulmonary hypertension syndromes and endomyocardial fibrosis. Copyright © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Three‐dimensional Mohr–Coulomb limit analysis using semidefinite programming
Authors: Krabbenhøft K. , Lyamin A. V. , Sloan S. W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractRecently, Krabbenhøft et al. (Int. J. Solids Struct. 2007; 44:1533–1549) have presented a formulation of the three‐dimensional Mohr–Coulomb criterion in terms of positive‐definite cones. The capabilities of this formulation when applied to large‐scale three‐dimensional problems of limit analysis are investigated. Following a brief discussion on a number of theoretical and algorithmic issues, three common, but traditionally difficult, geomechanics problems are solved and the performance of a common primal–dual interior‐point algorithm (SeDuMi (Appl. Numer. Math. 1999; 29:301–315)) is documented in detail. Although generally encouraging, the results also reveal several difficulties which support the idea of constructing a conic programming algorithm specifically dedicated to plasticity problems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley
& Sons, Ltd.
Generation of a germ cell‐specific mouse transgenic Cre line, Vasa‐Cre
Authors: Gallardo Teresa , Shirley Lane , John George B. , Castrillon Diego H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCell type‐specific genetic modification using the Cre/loxP system is a powerful tool for genetic analysis of distinct cell lineages. Because of the exquisite specificity of Vasa expression (confined to the germ cell lineage in invertebrate and vertebrate species), we hypothesized that a Vasa promoter‐driven transgenic Cre line would prove useful for the germ cell lineage‐specific inactivation of genes. Here we describe a transgenic mouse line, Vasa‐Cre, where Cre is efficiently and specifically expressed in germ cells. Northern analysis showed that transgene expression was confined to the gonads. Cre‐mediated recombination with the Rosa26‐lacZ reporter was observed beginning at ∼e15, and was >95% efficient in male and female germ cells by birth. Although there was a potent maternal effect with some animals showing more widespread recombination, there was no ectopic activity in most adults. This Vasa‐Cre transgenic line should thus prove useful for genetic analysis of diverse aspects of gametogenesis and as a general deletor line. genesis 45:413–417, 2007. Published 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Helicobacter pylori polyclonally activates murine CD4+ T cells in the absence of antigen‐presenting cells
Authors: Rosenplänter Christine , Sommer Frank , Kleemann Peter , Belkovets Anna , Schmidt Annette , Lohoff Michael 
Published: June 2007

AbstractHelicobacter pylori is a Gram‐negative bacterium that causes a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, such as duodenal ulcer and gastric carcinoma. The T cell response against H. pylori is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of these diseases. Here, we show that mouse‐adapted H. pylori is able to polyclonally activate murine CD4+ T lymphocytes, irrespective of their antigen specificity. Murine T helper cell clones as well as short‐term cultured, polyclonal Th1 and Th2 cell lines and a human T cell clone, but not naive CD4+ T cells, could be activated in this manner. The effect was independent of antigen‐presenting cells and required direct contact between H. pylori and T cells. Only whole cells of H. pylori, but not lysates or sonicates were able to activate T cells. The activity was lost after long‐term culture of H. pylori on agar‐plates. Degradation of H. pylori proteins with specific peptidases dramatically reduced the stimulating ability, implicating that the responsible molecule is likely to be a protein. This unexpected polyclonal T cell stimulatory mechanism may contribute to the T cell‐mediated pathogenicity characteristic for H. pylori–mediated diseases.
A Facile and Reliable Method for the Synthesis of Tetrabenzoporphyrin from 4,7‐Dihydroisoindole
Authors: Filatov Mikhail A. , Cheprakov Andrei V. , Beletskaya Irina P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA new route to tetrabenzoporphyrins from the closest possible precursor of the unstable isoindole was developed. A key feature of this route is a dramatic facilitation of thearomatization of annelated rings, which is the most serious bottleneck in previous syntheses of tetrabenzoporphyrins. The capabilities of the new method are illustrated by the synthesis of meso‐tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins, as well as the first unambiguous synthesis and characterization of 5,15‐diphenyltetrabenzoporphyrin.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Amphiphilic Pyrene‐Functionalized Dendrons: Synthesis and Intermolecular Interactions
Authors: Ebel Alexander , Donaubauer Wolfgang , Hampel Frank , Hirsch Andreas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of new functional amphiphiles 4 and 7 synthesized by DCC coupling of pyrenebutyric acid with first‐ and second‐generation Newkome‐type aminodendrons is reported. The crystal structure of the free amphiphilic tricarboxylic acid 4 exhibits efficient and cooperative usage of all possible hydrogen‐bonding sites as well as π‐stacking interactions. In contrast, no face‐to‐face π‐stacking is observed in the single‐crystal structure of the tert‐butyl‐protected precursor molecule 3. As determined by DOSY‐NMR spectroscopy, the second‐generation amphiphile 7 forms small micelles in aqueous solutions with a diameter of about 4 nm. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic investigations show that amphiphile 7 is able to promote the transfer of the apolar perylene dye 8 into the aqueous phase. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Stereoselective Syntheses of the Octahydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine DE Core of 'Upenamide via a Stannous Chloride‐Induced Deacetalisation–Cyclisation Procedure
Authors: Ménard‐Moyon Cécilia , Taylor Richard J. K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo stereoselective syntheses of the octahydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine DE hemiaminal core of the macrocyclic alkaloid 'upenamide are described. The syntheses proceeded through an efficient stannous chloride‐induced deacetalisation–cyclisation procedure. The aza‐annulation was stereoselective affording a single stereoisomer having the same relative configuration as in the natural product. The cis ring junction and the cis relationship between 2‐H and 8a‐H were established by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. An asymmetric synthesis of the octahydropyrano[2,3‐b]pyridine ring system is also disclosed.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
The Prevalence of Disordered Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in Black‐American and White‐American College Women: Ethnic, Regional, Class, and Media Differences
Authors: Edwards‐Hewitt Terilee , Gray James J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe prevalence of eating disorders and severely distorted eating attitudes and behaviours in both white‐American and black‐American populations is reported to have increased during the past decade. College students of different racial groups were studied to examine the levels of clinical and subclinical eating disorders. Three college populations were used: Two from predominantly black‐American universities, and one from a predominantly white‐American university in the United States. The tendency toward anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa in behaviours and attitudes in black‐American and white‐American college women was compared as well as the subjects' socioeconomic status, region, race, cultural identification, and influences by the media and friends.A questionnaire was completed by 379 female students. Attitudes and behaviours about eating, dieting, and body image were measured using standardized tests of disordered eating. An acculturation measure was also completed by each subject. Differences were found between racial groups for the behaviours and attitudes of bulimia nervosa and binge eating: White‐Americans were more likely to be identified with the behaviours of bulimia nervosa than black‐Americans, and white‐Americans were significantly more likely to binge eat than black‐Americans. Subjects with the behaviours and attitudes of subclinical eating disorders were more likely to know friends with eating disorders, while those subjects with the behaviours and attitudes of bulimia nervosa and subclinical eating disorders read significantly more articles in magazines about eating disorders. In addition, subjects from the South region of the United States scored significantly lower on the Body Dissatisfaction subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory than subjects from the Northeast or North Central regions. There were no significant differences due to socioeconomic status, acculturation, or television influences in the occurrence of eating disorders.
The link between anorexia nervosa and excessive exercise: A review
Authors: Le Grange Daniel , Eisler Ivan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA frequent theme in the literature is the link between anorexia nervosa and other disorders, such as affective illness. In recent years, however, more specific proposals have been made suggesting that some individuals who engage in high levels of sporting activity (in particular long distance running) might themselves have a disorder which is in some ways analogous to anorexia nervosa. There is a certain innate appeal to this proposal and it would appear as if there are many descriptive similarities between patients with anorexia nervosa and individuals who exercise to excess. Excessive physical activity has long been known to be one of the features commonly found amongst those suffering from an eating disorder. In this paper we review the literature and critically explore the link between excessive exercise (EXE) and anorexia nervosa (AN). Directions for future research in this area are also pointed out.
Eating disorders in boarding schools: A survey of school matrons
Authors: Stewart Mary , Troop Nicholas , Todd Gillian , Treasure Janet 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA questionnaire survey was conducted among 160 boarding school matrons to investigate how many had encountered eating disorders amongst their pupils, as well as how they had managed these cases. Of the 114 usable responses, 78 (68 per cent) reported coming across a pupil with either anorexia or bulimia. Although medical care was the most frequent course of action, only 24 respondents (21 per cent) felt it had been helpful. Fifty‐one per cent of matrons who had encountered a pupil with an eating disorder felt that there was not enough help available, most calling for more information and education about eating disorders. The findings highlight the role that schools have in recognizing eating disorders at an early stage and have implications for prevention programmes.
A controlled evaluation of hypnobehavioural treatment for bulimia nervosa: Immediate pre‐post treatment effects
Authors: Griffiths Rosalyn A. , Hadzi‐Pavlovic Dusan , Channon‐Little Lorna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study reports the pre‐post findings from a controlled comparative evaluation of treatments for bulimia nervosa. These pre‐post results allow comparison of the hypnobehavioural and cognitive behavioural treatments with a waiting list control group and a comparison of the immediate effects of the two modalities. One hundred and thirty subjects were screened to enter the study. Seventy‐eight subjects entered the investigation after being randomly allocated to either a waiting list control group, or to hypnobehavioural or cognitive behavioural groups. The treatments were delivered individually and matched in duration (8 weeks) and the number of sessions. Pre to posttreatment outcome indicated significant differences between the control group and the two treatments in reductions in bulimic behaviours and related eating pathology. The immediate effects of both treatments were equal. There were no differences at posttreatment between the treatments in abstinence from either bingeing or purging. The treatment effects were also similar to the immediate effects obtained by longer therapeutic approaches.
Bulimic attitudes among Asian and Caucasian schoolgirls
Authors: Waller Glenn , Coakley Margaret , Richards Lorna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCultural issues appear to play an important role in the eating problems of adolescents. Asian adolescent girls living in the U.K. have unusually high levels of eating psychopathology, with a particular emphasis on bulimic behaviours and attitudes. This study examines these cultural differences in bulimic eating patterns in more detail among a group of adolescent schoolgirls living in the U.K. A complex pattern of eating attitudes emerged. Asian girls were more likely to fast, but Caucasian girls binged more often than the Asians. Possible explanations for these two patterns of bulimic psychopathology are considered, including cultural differences in normal eating practices and in responses to emotional stressors.
Binge eating disorder: Description and proposed treatment
Authors: Romano Steven J. , Quinn Linda 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBinge eating disorder affects a significant proportion of obese individuals seeking treatment. Current approaches to the treatment of obesity can often frustrate, even exacerbate binge eating. Clarification of associated eating disturbances and description of the syndrome of binge eating disorder are discussed. A proposed treatment for group psychotherapy is described, based on effective cognitive‐behavioural therapy of bulimia nervosa.
Training in classical dance in childhood and adolescence: What influence on bulimia nervosa in adult patients?
Authors: Archinard Marc , Scherer Ursula 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEDI‐scores of two groups of patients (one with no or relatively short and one with extended training in classical ballet dancing in the past) in treatment at an outpatient clinic for eating disorders were compared. The two groups were not different on main clinical characteristics or on a composite variable Bulimic Syndrome (based on a factor analysis) in which scores on the EDI‐subscales Bulimia, Body Dissatisfaction, and Interpersonal Distrust were combined. Significant differences were found for Emotional Deficiency (Interoceptive Awareness and Maturity Fears) and Performance Striving (Drive for Thinness, Perfectionism, and Ineffectiveness), patients with extended ballet training in the past having significantly higher scores.
Dissociation, dieting disorders and hypnosis: A review
Authors: Griffiths Rosalyn A. , Channon‐Little Lorna D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis paper gives an account of the relationship between hypnosis, hypnotizability, dissociation and disordered eating. A detailed update of the outcome of studies employing hypnotic techniques in the treatment of the two dieting disorders anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa is provided. The role of dissociation and the contribution of hypnosis is evaluated.
Disordered eating behaviour and attitudes towards weight and shape in polish Women
Authors: Wlodarczyk‐Bisaga Katarzyna , Dolan Bridget , McCluskey Sara , Lacey Hubert 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo groups of Polish women, 198 factory workers and 196 students completed the EAT‐26, the BITE (Bulimia Investigatory Test‐Edinburgh) and the HAD (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Questionnaire). Group comparison showed that the students had significantly higher levels of disordered eating attitudes and bulimic symptoms. In the students, 16 per cent scored above clinical cut‐off point on the EAT and 69 per cent on the BITE (workers 3 per cent and 2 per cent respectively). The EAT scores of the students were significantly positively correlated with ratings of anxiety and depression whilst for the working women there was no significant association. We discuss how recent socio‐cultural and political changes may be pertinent to our findings, yet request caution when imposing Western classifications without investigating culturally indigenous categories of illness.