bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogenicity of Escherichia coli O115:K“V165” strains isolated from pigs with diarrhea
Authors: Fairbrother John M. , Broes André , Jacques Mario , Larivière Serge 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen strains of Escherichia coli serogroup 0115:K“V165” isolated from 1- to 8-week-old pigs with diarrhea were tested for toxigenidty, pathogenicity in pigs and mice, serum resistance, mannose-resistant hemagglutination (mrha), F165 and other surface antigens, colicin V (Col V), aerobactin, and biotype. Twelve strains were positive for heat-stable enterotoxin (STb), mrha-negative, and F 165-negative; 5 strains were enterotoxin-negative, mrha-positive, and F165-positive; and 1 strain was mrha-positive, but F165- and enterotoxin-negative. Six of the 12 STb-positive strains moderately colonized the ileum of newborn colostrum-deprived pigs within 24 hours after inoculation. Two of the colonizing strains were able to induce wateiy diarrhea. All 12 STb-positive strains were nonpathogenic for adult mice and were serum-sensitive; 11 of 12 were Col V-negative, 9 of 12 did not produce aerobactin, and 10 of 12 belonged to biotypes other than 1 or 2. All 6 enterotoxin-negative strains colonized the small and large intestines, associated with peritoneal serosal surfaces, and induced septicemia and polyserositis in newborn colostrum-deprived pigs 1 to 2 days after inoculation. In contrast, 3 STb-positive strains poorly colonized the intestines and did not induce septicemia in pigs at 3 days after inoculation. All 6 enterotoxin-negative strains were Col V-positive, produced aerobactin, and belonged to biotype 1 or 2. Of the 5 enterotoxin-negative, F165-positive strains, only 4 were pathogenic for intraperitoneally inoculated adult mice and were serum-resistant. The enterotoxin-negative, F165-negative strain was neither serum-resistant nor mouse-pathogenic. O-agglutinable mutants of the mouse-pathogenic strains were, for the most part, no longer pathogenic for adult mice, although these strains remained unchanged for biotype and production of mrha, F165, and Col V, and 3 of 4 mutant strains were serum-resistant.
Thus, E coli strains of the same serogroup isolated from diarrheic pigs may cause either intestinal or extraintestinal disease upon reinoculation of pigs, depending on the virulence attributes produced by the strains.
Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves in western Washington
Authors: Ongerth Jerry E. , Stibbs Henry H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The prevalence and intensity of Cryptosporidium infection were examined in 445 Holstein calves at 10 dairy farms in western Washington, near Seattle. Fifty-one percent (176) of calves in the 7- to 21-day-old age group (n = 342) were positive for oocysts in the feces by carbolfuchsin staining. Prevalence and intensity of infection were highest in calves 8 to 14 days old; prevalence was 60% in this group, and 48% of the Cryptosporidium-positive calves had oocyst shedding at a 4 + level. A seasonal pattern in prevalence was not evident.
Rapid decay of serum IgG recognizing gram-negative cell wall core antigens in neonatal calves
Authors: Douglas Vicki L. , Cullor James S. , Tyler Jeff W. , Thurmond Mark C. , Bushnell Robert B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum immunoglobulins of the IgG isotype recognizing common gram-negative cell core epitopes were serially measured, using a direct elisa, on samples obtained from 20 neonatal Holstein calves. An R-mutant Escherichia coli (strain J5) was used as a plate antigen in this assay. Total serum IgG concentration was measured using radial immunodiffusion. Half-lives of core antigen-specific IgG (7.56 days) and total serum IgG (22.66 days) were dramatically different (P < 0.0005). This may be an indication of cross-reactive consumption of core antigen-specific immunoglobulins.
Furazolidone-induced injury in the isolated perfused chicken heart
Authors: McCallum T. , Badylak S. F. , Van Vleet J. F. , Reed W. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The Langendorff isolated heart preparation was adapted to determine the effect of furazolidone (0.5 and 2 μg/ml of perfusate) on hearts of 3-week-old broiler chickens. Following 115 minutes of perfusion, both concentrations of furazolidone caused approximately a two-fold increase in myocardial vascular resistance and a six-fold increase in lactate dehydrogenase release into the effluent fluid, compared with a control perfused group of isolated hearts (P < 0.01). Ultrastructural alteration differences were not found between the drug-treated and control groups. It was concluded that: (i) furazolidone, at concentrations only moderately above therapeutic plasma concentrations, caused detrimental changes in myocardial vascular resistance and lactate dehydrogenase release and (ii) the isolated chicken heart preparation is an example of a cost-effective, reliable laboratory tool for screening potential cardiotoxins.
Effect of weight loading on the coronary band interstitial fluid pressure in horses
Authors: Olivier Ann , Hood David M. , Jenkins William L. , Clark Donald R. , Williams John D. , Grosenbaugh Deborah A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Interstitial fluid pressures, as a possible function of limb load, were measured at 2 sites within the digital coronary dermis of both cranial digits in 10 standing horses. Fluid pressure changes and digital load measurements were simultaneously detected and recorded by use of, respectively, modified wick-in-needle and force plate transducers coupled to a microcomputer.
Mean pressures, recorded at limb loads between 50 and 80 kg, were 2.29 ± 3.17 mm of Hg at the toe and 2.49 ± 5.91 mm of Hg at the heel. Mean pressures, recorded between 150 and 180 kg, were 5.01 ± 5.23 mm of Hg at the toe and 1.28 ± 7.69 mm of Hg at the heel. These data indicate that, in the static limb, no statistically significant change in interstitial fluid pressure occurs at loads up to 180 kg.
Effects of butorphanol tartrate on arterial pressure, jejunal blood flow, vascular resistance, O2 extraction, and O2 uptake in halothane-anesthetized ponies
Authors: Stick John A. , Loeffler Barbara S. , Arden Warwick A. , Chou Ching-Chung 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of butorphanol tartrate on arterial pressure, jejunal blood flow, vascular resistance, oxygen extraction, and. oxygen uptake were determined in 10 anesthetized ponies ventilated with a mixture of halothane and 100% oxygen using isolated autoperfused jejunal segments. Physiologic saline solution or butorphanol tartrate (0.2 mg/kg of body weight) was administered as a single bolus into the left jugular vein. By 2 minutes, butorphanol decreased arterial blood pressure and intestinal blood flow, and increased intestinal oxygen extraction. However, intestinal vascular resistance and oxygen uptake were unaffected. Results of this study indicate that butorphanol tartrate induces a hypotension that secondarily decreases intestinal blood flow, but intestinal vascular resistance and metabolism are not adversely affected. We conclude that butorphanol tartrate does not compromise intestinal viability in halothane-anesthetized ponies and, therefore, may be a good analgesic choice for the equid destined for abdominal surgery.
Blastocyst development on days 10 or 14 after consumption of zearalenone by sows on days 7 to 10 after breeding
Authors: Diekman Mark A. , Long Gerald G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sixteen primiparous sows were bred and fed either a control ration (n = 8) or a diet containing purified zearalenone (n = 8; 1 mg/kg of body weight) from days 7 to 10 after breeding. On day 7 after breeding, the jugular vein of each sow was cannulated and blood was collected at 20-minute intervals for 4 hours before feeding and 4 hours after feeding. On day 10 after breeding, blood samples were collected from 4 control sows and 4 zearalenone-fed sows at 20-minute intervals for 4 hours before collection of blastocysts. A similar blood sampling schedule was followed for the remaining 4 control and 4 zearalenone sows on day 14 after breeding. On day 10 after breeding, spherical blastocysts were recovered from all control sows and from 3 of 4 zearalenone-treated sows. Average diameter of blastocysts from zearalenone-treated sows were similar to that of control sows. On day 14 after breeding, blastocysts were recovered from all control sows and 3 of 4 zearalenone-treated sows. Blastocysts from the control sows were filamentous, whereas blastocysts from zearalenone-treated sows were fragmented and contained foci of necrosis. Incidence of luteinizing hormone (lh) secretory spikes per sow was less (P < 0.01) in zearalenone-treated sows (0.25 ± 0.25/4 h) than control sows (1.75 ± 0.25/4 h) on day 10 after breeding. Incidence of folliclestimulating hormone (fsh) secretory spikes was similar CP = 0.45) among treatments on days 7, 10, and 14 after breeding. Mean serum concentrations of lh were less on day 10 (F = 0.07) and day 14 (P < 0.01) in zearalenone-treated sows than in control sows. Mean serum concentrations of fsh were less (P = 0.07) on day 14 in zearalenone-treated sows than in control sows (3.3 ± 0.2 ng/ ml vs 6.2 ± 1.3). These data indicate that administration of zearalenone on days 7 to 10 after breeding altered secretory patterns of serum lh during days 10 and 14 after breeding, which may have contributed to the death of blastocysts by day 14 after breeding.
Effect of epidermal growth factor on healing of corneal endothelial cells in cats
Authors: Brogdon J. D. , McLaughlin S. A. , Brightman A. H. , Helper L. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Epidermal growth factor was injected intracamerally into the anterior chamber of the right eye of 9 cats. The central portion of the cornea in 8 of the 9 cats that had been cryoinjured. Effect of epidermal growth factor on the repair of endothelial cells in cats was evaluated by en-dothelial specular microscopy. Endothelial cell density and corneal thickness were studied quantitatively, as a measure of endothelial cell function. The repair process also was evaluated qualitatively by studying morphologic changes, developing as a result of reendothelialization and return to normal function. Seemingly, differences between rate of healing of cryoinjured eyes injected with epidermal growth factor and that in nontreated eyes were not significant (P = 0.86). The endothelial repair process was characterized by enlargement and migration of adjacent noninjured cells.
Immune response of the llama (Lama glama) to tetanus toxoid vaccination
Authors: Paul-Murphy Joanne , Gershwin Laurel J. , Thatcher Eileen F. , Fowler Murray D. , Habig William H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An elisa was developed to measure serum concentrations of tetanus toxoid-specific immunoglobulins. The titers obtained with this assay were compatible with those obtained by the standard mouse toxin-neutralization test. Serum samples from 123 llamas were analyzed for elisa titers to tetanus toxoid. Of the 82 vaccinated adults 75 (91%) had titers ≥ 1:50. The vaccination status and titers of weanlings and juveniles (3 to 12 months old) varied; of the 21 vaccinated, 17 (81%) had titers ≥ 1:50 and 7 of 9 (78%) unvaccinated llamas had titers < 1:50. The elisa titers of unvaccinated llamas < 8 weeks old (crias) were matched with the maternal titers. All crias with titers < 1:50 had dams with titers ≥ 1:50.
Cytotoxin activity on Vero cells among Escherichia coli strains associated with diarrhea in cats
Authors: Abaas Saleem , Franklin Anders , Kühn Inger , Ørskov Frits , Ørskov Ida 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The role of Escherichia coli as a causative agent of diarrhea in cats was investigated. Isolates of E coli from healthy and diarrheic cats were serotyped and investigated for their biochemical characters, production of cytotoxin activity on Vero cells, heat-labile enterotoxin, heat-stable enterotoxin, and hemagglutination of erythrocytes from other animal species. None of 48 investigated strains produced heat-labile enterotoxin or heat-stable enterotoxin, nor did they agglutinate erythrocytes. Most strains were hemolytic and belonged to O-serotypes 2 and 6. Cytotoxin activity on Vero cells was significantly more common and produced in greater amounts among E coli strains isolated from diarrheic cats, and was neutralized by antiShiga-like toxin I serum.
Isolation and trypsin-enhanced propagation of turkey enteric (bluecomb) coronaviruses in a continuous human rectal adenocarcinoma cell line
Authors: Dea Serge , Garzon Simon , Tijssen Peter 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Turkey enteric coronavirus (tcv) from intestinal contents of diarrheal poults was isolated and serially propagated in hrt-18 cells, an established cell line derived from a human rectal adenocarcinoma. In these cells, tcv induced cytopathic changes, including polykaryocytosis, which depended on trypsin in the medium and incubation at 41 C. Viral antigens could be demonstrated in the cytoplasm by immunofluorescence, and extracellular virus was detected by an elisa and negative electron microscopy. The cell-free virus had characteristics of tcv: shape, surface projections, buoyant density of 1.18 to 1.20 g/ml in sucrose, and hemagglutination of rat RBC. The one-step growth curve was complete by postinoculation hours 14 to 16, and maximal titers reached 9 to 9.5 log10 tcid50/ml during 5 passages, after which the titer remained stable.
Electron microscopic examination of infected cell monolayers revealed budding of typical coronavirus particles through intracytoplasmic membranes and accumulation of complete virus in cytoplasmic vesicles. Late in the infection, aggregated progeny vial particles were detected near the outer surface of infected cells. One-day-old turkey poults inoculated orally with tissue culture-adapted tcv isolates developed mild to severe diarrhea.
Evaluation of diets cocontaminated with aflatoxin and ochratoxin fed to growing pigs
Authors: Harvey Roger B. , Huff William E. , Kubena Leon F. , Phillips Timothy D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effects of dietary aflatoxin and ochratoxin, fed singly and in combination, were evaluated in growing crossbred pigs. Five barrows (7 weeks old at beginning of study) per group were fed either control feed, 2.0 mg of aflatoxin (af)/kg of feed, 2.0 mg of ochratoxin (oa)/kg of feed, or 2.0 mg of af and 2.0 mg of oa/kg of feed for 28 days. Production performance, serum biochemical, hematologic, and pathologic evaluations were made. Body weights were reduced by the combination treatment, whereas body weight gain was decreased by all toxin treatments. The effect of af and oa in combination on body weight gain was additive. Liver weights were increased by the combination treatment, whereas kidney weights were increased only in the oa group. Aflatoxin caused decreases in serum calcium, sodium, phosphorus, urea nitrogen, cholesterol, and glucose concentrations, whereas oa alone caused decreases in serum phosphorus, cholesterol, and hematologic values. The af-oa treatment induced decreases in mean corpuscular volume, packed cell volume, and in serum concentrations of phosphorus, cholesterol, and urea nitrogen. The af-oa treatment increased serum alkaline phosphatase activities and triglycerides. It was concluded that af and oa, singly or in combination, can affect clinical performance, serum biochemical and hematologic values, and organ weights of barrows. Although values of some measurements were affected more by the combination than by either toxin alone and suggested synergism or antagonism, the toxic interactions could best be described as additive.
Rapid presumptive diagnosis of anaerobic infections in animals by gas-liquid chromatography
Authors: van den Bogaard A. E. J. M. , Hazen M. J. , Maes J. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The detection of volatile fatty acids (vfa) by gas chromatography of 85 purulent specimens from abscesses or pyogenic infections in cats, dogs, rodents, and ruminants was compared with the results of bacteriologic culturing, and proved to be a rapid means of presumptively diagnosing anaerobic infections. Of 83 bacteriologically positive specimes, 52 (61%) yielded obligate anaerobes and in 50 specimens, 1 or more vfa (butyric acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, or isocaproic acid) was detected. Forty-six specimens were positive for culturing of anaerobes and for detection of 1 or more of these vfa. By contrast, pus from infections caused by (facultative) aerobic microorganisms contained no vfa or only acetic and/or propionic acid.
Differentiation of avian adenovirus type-II strains by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting
Authors: Zhang Chunlin , Nagaraja K. V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Three serologically indistinguishable viruses from the avian adenovirus type-II splenomegaly virus of chickens, marble spleen disease virus of pheasants, and hemorrhagic enteritis virus of turkeys, were analyzed by restriction endonuclease fingerprinting. The dna from these viruses were examined with 6 restriction endonucleases (Bgl II, EcoRI, HindIII, Hha I, Xho I, and BamHI). Markedly different dna cleavage patterns were found in these virus isolates with all the 5 enzymes, except with BamHI, suggesting genetic differences between isolates of adenovirus type II. Restriction endonuclease analyses were found to provide a method for distinguishing genetically different, and yet serologically similar, strains of avain adenovirus type II.
Antigenic comparisons of selected avian reoviruses by use of the plaque-reduction neutralization assay
Authors: Nersessian Bedros N. , Lukert Phil D. , Goodwin Mark A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The antigenic interrelatedness of 3 clone-purified turkey reoviruses (ng-Turkey, 82-88, and nc-tev) to each other and to 4 clone-purified chicken reoviruses (S1133, Co8, Fahey-Crawley, and avian type 2) was determined in reciprocal cross-neutralization tests, using polyclonal antisera and the plaque-reduction technique. The morphologic features of plaques formed under agar were studied for all 7 reoviruses, and size comparisons for turkey vs chicken isolates were made.
All 3 turkey reoviruses (with the exception of ng-Turkey vs Fahey-Crawley chicken reovirus) formed plaques significantly (P < 0.05) smaller than plaques produced by their chicken counterparts.
The 3 turkey reoviruses were closely related to each other and to chicken reovirus CO8. The antigenic differences between turkey reoviruses 82-88 and nc-tev and chicken reovirus S1133 were slight (minor subtype); however, the latter and ng-Turkey were serotypically distinct. The ng-Turkey and 82-88 turkey reoviruses were more related (minor subtype) to the Fahey-Crawley and avian type 2 chicken reoviruses, than was nc-tev turkey reovirus (major subtype).
Inhibition of pregnancy in heifers, using a repositol formulation of melengestrol acetate
Authors: Floyd James G. , Ott Randall S. , Weigel Ronald M. , Zinn Gene M. , Hixon James E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Efficacy of a repositol formulation of melengestrol acetate (mga) for inhibition of pregnancy was determined in one hundred 14- to 16-month-old beef heifers. Nonpregnant heifers were allocated on the basis of weight into 5 groups of 20 heifers each and were given 0, 30, 60, 90, or 120 mg of repositol mga, sc, on day 0. Four bulls, determined to be satisfactory potential breeders, were pastured with the heifers from postinjection days (pid) 7 to 177. The day of gestation was estimated for each heifer by rectal palpation at pid 59, 91, 134, 177, and 225. Heifers not pregnant by pid 177 were assigned a day of conception of > 177.
For heifers given 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg of mga, respectively, the percentage pregnant at pid 177 was 95, 95, 50, 15, and 15%, and the median day of estimated conception was pid 21, 87, 175, > 177, and > 177. Repositol mga significantly (P < 0.001) affected the distribution of conception times over all doses. Average daily gain (± sem) for 178 days was 0.28 ± 0.04 kg, 0.24 ± 0.03 kg, 0.33 ± 0.04 kg, 0.40 ± 0.03 kg, and 0.35 ± 0.03 kg for heifers given 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg of mga, respectively. Increased dose of repositol mga was associated with increased average daily gain, but this effect was not apparent when days pregnant were taken into account. Repositol mga was an effective contraceptive for pastured heifers and the duration of its effect was dose-dependent.
Variations of serum vitamin E, cholesterol, and total serum lipid concentrations in horses during a 72-hour period
Authors: Craig A. M. , Blythe L. L. , Lassen E. D. , Rowe K. E. , Barrington R. , Slizeski M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fluctuations of serum vitamin E (α-tocopherol), cholesterol, and total lipids were monitored in 12 horses at 3-hour intervals for 72 hours. Mean coefficients of variation were 12, 5, and 15%, respectively. Statistical analyses were used to conclude that instrumentation error was accountable for only a small portion of the vitamin E variation. Results indicated that a single serum sample assay is an unsatisfactory indicator of vitamin E status in horses. These data have clinical application in the evaluation of horses suspected to be affected with equine degenerative myeloencephalopathy. The large variance of serum total lipids and the lack of correlation of it with serum vitamin E over time preclude the use of vitamin E/serum total lipids ratio in assessing vitamin E status.
Effects of idazoxan, tolazoline, and yohimbine on xylazine-induced respiratory changes and central nervous system depression in ewes
Authors: Hsu Walter H. , Hanson Chip E. , Hembrough Frederick B. , Schaffer David D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We compared the ability of 3 α2-adrenoreceptor antagonists, idazoxan (0.05 mg/kg), tolazoline (2 mg/kg), and yohimbine (0.2 mg/kg) to reverse xylazine (0.3 mg/kg)-induced respiratory changes and cns depression in 6 ewes. Once weekly, each ewe was given a random iv treatment of xylazine, followed in 5 minutes by either an antagonist or 0.9% NaCl solution. Xylazine alone caused recumbency for 54.2 ± 5.3 minutes (mean ± sem). Xylazine also increased respiratory rate and decreased Paco2 for at least 45 minutes, but did not significantly change arterial pH or Paco2. Idazoxan and tolazoline were equally effective in reversing the respiratory actions of xylazine; however, yohimbine was less effective in reducing the respiratory rate and was ineffective in antagonizing the decreased Pao2. Idazoxan and tolazoline decreased the duration of xylazine-induced recumbency to 6.3 ± 0.6 and 9.5 ± 2.3 minutes, respectively, whereas yohimbine did not significantly change this effect of xylazine. Thus, at the dosages studied, idazoxan and tolazoline appeared to be more effective than yohimbine in reversing the respiratory and cns depressant actions of xylazine in sheep.
Controlled dosage titration of febantel paste in naturally parasitized cattle
Authors: Blagburn Byron L. , Hendrix Charles M. , Hanrahan Lynn A. , Lindsay David S. , Arther Robert G. , Drane J. Wanzer 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A controlled anthelmintic trial was conducted to determine the efficacy of febantel paste (45.5%) at dosage of 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mg/kg in calves harboring natural gastrointestinal nematode infections. Dosages of 5.0, 7.5 and 10.0 mg of febantel/kg of body weight were > 96% effective in removing adults of Haemonchus contortus, Ostertagia spp, Cooperia spp, and Oesophagostomum radiatum. The 2.5 mg/kg dosage was considered suboptimal because of low efficacy against Ostertagia and Cooperia spp. Efficacies against Trichostronglylus axei, Trichuris spp, Bunostomum phlebotomum, and Stronglyloides papillosus were difficult to determine because fewer numbers of these nematodes were recovered. Efficacies of febantel paste against immature bovine parasites ranged from 83.62% to 97.72%.