bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Trans-glycosylation through the Reduction of C-1 Position of Sialic Acid
Authors: Kikkawa Muneyoshi , Yoshino Teruo 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Rapid and α-selective trans-glycosylation of C-1 sialoside alcohol with solvent alcohol was found, because 2-p-methoxyphenoxy group has good leaving-group properties. The kinetic studies by 1H and 2H NMR showed that the process was a single reaction, and proved the existence of intermediate epoxide to govern the α-selectivity.
Hydration of α-Pinene in a Triphasic System Consisting of α-Pinene, Water, and Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40–SiO2 Composite
Authors: Horita Naoto , Kamiya Yuichi , Okuhara Toshio 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40–SiO2 composite combined with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane exhibited greater activity and selectivity for hydration of α-pinene at 333 K in a triphasic system (α-pinene/water/solid acid) compared to previously reported water-tolerant catalysts such as zeolites, polymer-resins (Amberlyst 15 and Nafion-H), oxides, and liquid acids such as H3PW12O40 and H2SO4. The selectivity toward alcohols, including mono- and dialcohols, was approximately 80% over Cs2.5H0.5PW12O40–SiO2 composite.
The Thermodynamic Studies of the Molecular Interactions of Tetracyanoethylene with Free Base meso-Tetraarylporphyrins
Authors: Zabardasti Abedien , Mirzaeian Mohammam 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The interactions of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE) with 4-substituted meso-tetraphenylporphyrins (H2T(4-X)PP) results adducts of composition 2:1 of TCNE to H2T(4-X)PP, [(TCNE)2H2T(4-X)PP)]. Formation constants, K, as well as other thermodynamic parameters, ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG° of adducts were determined by UV–vis titration method. Adducts have positive values of ΔS° and ΔH°. These interactions are favorable with considerable negative values of ΔG°. Adducts stabilities are in the order: H2T(4-OCH3)PP &gt; H2T(4-CH3)PP &gt; H2TPP &gt; H2T(4-Cl)PP.
Cochlear histopathology in the labyeinthectomized ear: Implications for cochleae implantation
Authors: Chen Douglas A. , Linthicum Fred H. , Rizer Franklin M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLimited damage to the cochlea and preservation of hearing after labyrinthectomy have been the subject of many case reports. One might hypothesize that, even when hearing is lost, there may be less damage to the cochlea than anticipated, and some neural elements that can be electrically stimulated may be preserved. Four labyrinthectomized temporal bones on file at the House Ear Institute were evaluated histopathologically. All had some remaining spiral ganglion cell population, the neural element that we think is stimulated by the intracochlear electrode. We also examined the population of hair cells and dendrites and the presence and extent of cochlear ossification, factors that may influence the performance of a cochlear implant. This is the first study of its type. Results indicate that cochlear implantation in the labyrinthectomized ear may be feasible.
In vitro effectiveness of 13 agents in otomycosis and review of the literature
Authors: Stern Jordan C. , Lucente Frank E. , Shah Mahendra K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMany agents have been recommended for treating otomycosis, but no preparation has been widely accepted. To compare the effectiveness of many recommended preparations, we performed an in vitro study using 15 species of fungi and yeast cultured from patients presenting with otomycosis during the past year. By measuring zones of inhibition, we assessed the effectiveness of aqueous Merthiolate®, Burow's solution (2%), VoSol® HC, VoSol® plain, Cortisporin® suspension, clotrimazole 1%, Mycostatin®, amphotericin B, ethanol 95%, miconazole, tolnaftate 1%, natamycin, and flucytosine.Most otic preparations showed little or no growth inhibition. However, Merthiolate® was very effective against all organisms tested, clotrimazole was very effective against most yeast and fungi tested, and nystatin had the widest spectrum of activity among the antifungals. Tolnaftate was ineffective. Vigorous cleaning of the external auditory canal remains the mainstay in treating otymycosis, but proper laboratory identification and suitable topical therapy are also important in dealing with this capricious infection.
Long‐term effects of destruction of the endolymphatic sac in a primate species
Authors: Swart Johannes G. , Schuknecht Harold F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe endolymphatic sacs of ten vervet monkeys were surgically ablated unilaterally, and the animals were assigned predetermined survival times ranging from G months to 5 years. The left and right ears were prepared in anatomical continuity for light microscopic study. Four experimental ears had openings in their membranous labyrinths of unknown etiology and were not considered acceptable for correlative studies. The remaining five experimental ears showed mild cochlear endolymphatic hydrops, which was localized to the apical regions or was more severe in the apical regions than elsewhere. Four ears also showed saccular endolymphatic hydrops. The sensory and neural structures in both experimental and control ears were normal, and none of the control ears showed endolymphatic hydrops. None of the animals developed severe endolymphatic hydrops or the cochleovestibular symptoms that occur in human subjects with Meniere's disease. The results of this experiment indicate that dysfunction of the endolymphatic sac may be a contributing factor, but probably is not the sole cause of Meniere's disease.
Intact canal wall tympanoplasty with mastoidectomy for cholesteatoma: Long‐term follow‐up
Authors: Kinney Sam E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOne hundred four ears operated for cholesteatoma using the intact wall technique were studied in 1981. In the 1981 study, there was a 7% recurrence rate in adults and a 25% recurrence rate in children after a 5‐year follow‐up. Recognizing that chronic otitis media is often not controlled by surgery, long‐term follow‐up is necessary to evaluate a particular operative approach to control the disease and restore function.The purpose of this study is to reexamine the series of patients studied in 1981 and evaluate the status of the ear, as well as long‐term functional results.
Correlates of vestibular evaluation results during the first year of life
Authors: Brookhouser Patrick E. , Cyr David G. , Peters Jo E. , Schulte Laura E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPrenatal and perinatal correlates of abnormal auditory brainstem responses in neonates have been studied extensively. In contrast, vestibular function during the first year of life has received sparse attention. Using a specially modified vestibular test battery, 65 infants (17 low‐risk, 48 high‐risk) were initially evaluated during their first 6 months of life. Results revealed normal vestibular function in 46 infants (13 low‐risk, 33 high‐risk) and abnormal findings at either 3 or 6 months in 19 infants (4 low‐risk, 15 high‐risk). Correlations between vestibular results and variables such as auditory brainstem response results, birth history, and postnatal course in the neonatal intensive care unit were analyzed statistically. While some differences were mildly significant, none were highly significant. The lack of significant correlation between abnormal auditory brainstem response and vestibular results is of particular interest.
Pulsatile tinnitus: Recent advances in diagnosis
Authors: Sismanis Aristides , Smoker Wendy R. K. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPulsatilea tinnitus can often be a diagnostic problem. This communication reports the authors' experience on 100 patients with pulsatile tinnitus and describes a practical and effective diagnostic approach. Better understanding of the various etiologies of pulsatile tinnitus, coupled with the introduction of magnetic resonance angiography, in conjunction with magnetic resonance imaging, have made a major impact on the evaluation of this symptom in recent years. Cerebral angiography, previously performed on the majority of patients, is presently indicated in selected cases only. Intracranial hypertension, glomus tumors, and carotid atherosclerosis were the most common diagnoses made in our patients.
The contralateral slip
Authors: MacLean J. G. B. , Reddy S. K. 
Published: October 2006

Between July 1994 and June 2004, 60 patients with 76 slipped upper femoral epiphyses were managed within the adult trauma service of three hospitals. Treatment was by a single cannulated screw. Of these cases, 53 were unilateral, in 17 of which uncomplicated prophylactic fixation of the contralateral hip was performed. Of the other 36 cases, nine presented with a subsequent slip despite ongoing out-patient care. The subsequent slip was unpredictable in timing and unrelated to the age at the initial slip. It was more often unstable and in one case avascular necrosis developed. The overall rate of avascular necrosis, although in accordance with the literature, was 60% in acute unstable slips with a slip angle greater than 40°. In our experience, prophylactic fixation was safer than continued observation of the contralateral hip.
Very low-dose computed tomography for planning and outcome measurement in knee replacement
Authors: Henckel J. , Richards R. , Lozhkin K. , Harris S. , Baena F. M. Rodriguez y , Barrett A. R. W. , Cobb J. P. 
Published: October 2006

Surgeons need to be able to measure angles and distances in three dimensions in the planning and assessment of knee replacement. Computed tomography (CT) offers the accuracy needed but involves greater radiation exposure to patients than traditional long-leg standing radiographs, which give very little information outside the plane of the image. There is considerable variation in CT radiation doses between research centres, scanning protocols and individual scanners, and ethics committees are rightly demanding more consistency in this area. By refining the CT scanning protocol we have reduced the effective radiation dose received by the patient down to the equivalent of one long-leg standing radiograph. Because of this, it will be more acceptable to obtain the three-dimensional data set produced by CT scanning. Surgeons will be able to document the impact of implant position on outcome with greater precision.
Quadriceps sparing total knee replacement
Authors: Chen A. F. , Alan R. K. , Redziniak D. E. , Tria A. J. 
Published: October 2006

The aim of this study was to compare the results in patients having a quadriceps sparing total knee replacement (TKR) with those undergoing a standard TKR at a minimum follow-up of two years. All patients who had a TKR with a high-flex posterior-stabilised prosthesis prior to December 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 57 patients available for follow-up. Those with a quadriceps sparing TKR had less pain peri-operatively with a greater degree of flexion at all the post-operative visits and at the final follow-up, but their operations took longer, with less accurate radiological alignment. There was no difference in the complications and in the Knee Society scores between the two groups at the final follow-up. Total knee replacement through a quadriceps sparing approach has some peri-operative advantages over the standard incision. At a minimum follow-up of two years the clinical results were similar to those with a standard incision, but the radiological outcomes of the quadriceps sparing group were inferior.
Traumatic occipitocervical disruption: a new technique for stabilisation
Authors: Anderson A. J. , Towns G. M. , Chiverton N. 
Published: October 2006

Traumatic atlanto-occipital dislocation in adults is usually fatal and survival without neurological deficit is rare. The surgical management of those who do survive is difficult and controversial. Most authorities recommend posterior occipitoaxial fusion, but this compromises cervical rotation. We describe a case in which a patient with a traumatic atlanto-occipital disruption but no neurological deficit was treated by atlanto-occipital fusion using a new technique consisting of cancellous bone autografting supported by an occipital plate linked by rods to lateral mass screws in the atlas. The technique is described in detail. At one year the neck was stable, radiological fusion had been achieved, and atlantoaxial rotation preserved. The rationale behind this approach is discussed and the relevant literature reviewed. We recommend the technique for injuries of this type.
Re-attachment of the tuberosities of the humerus following hemiarthroplasty for four-part fracture
Authors: Abu-Rajab R. B. , Stansfield B. W. , Nunn T. , Nicol A. C. , Kelly I. G. 
Published: October 2006

This study evaluated the effect on movement under load of three different techniques for re-attachment of the tuberosities of the humerus using test sawbones. In the first, the tuberosities were attached both to the shaft and to each other, with one cerclage suture through the anterior hole in the prosthesis. The second technique was identical except for omission of the cerclage suture and in the third the tuberosities were attached to the prosthesis and to the shaft. An orthogonal photogrammetric system allowed all segments to be tracked in a 3D axis system. The humeri were incrementally-loaded in abduction, and the 3D linear and angular movements of all segments were calculated. Displacement between the tuberosities and the shaft was measured. The first and second techniques were the most stable constructs, with the third allowing greater separation of fragments and angular movement. Separation at the midpoint of the tuberosities was significantly greater using the latter technique (p < 0.05). The cerclage suture added no further stability to the fixation.
L2 Tasks and Orientation to Form
Authors: Adams Rebecca 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTask-based language teaching has been advocated as a means of promoting learning through learner interactions in the classroom. However, characteristics of the design and implementation of communicative tasks have been shown to influence learner orientation to form. One task characteristic that may affect learner attention to form, modality, is examined here to determine whether it influences learners' tendency to focus on second language form. Forty-four adult ESL learners engaged in information gap tasks targeted at specific second language forms that required the learners to collaboratively achieve both an oral and a written outcome. Analysis of orientation to form in both spoken and written sections of the task indicated that task modality plays a role in influencing learner orientation to form.
Taking Text to Task
Authors: Byrnes Heidi , Crane Cori , H. Maxim Hiram , Sprang Katherine A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis article argues that the construct of task can provide a principled and effective foundation for the development of extended, multi-year curricula and pedagogies for second/foreign language learning of adults. That assertion is made with an important condition: "task" must be expanded, both theoretically and empirically, toward issues that arise in conjunction with textuality and literacy rather than being grounded primarily in psycho linguistic, sentence-oriented processing considerations, as original proposals by Long and Crookes (1992) had suggested.The article presents that overall theoretical argument and then describes how genre-based tasks have been used (1) for selection and sequencing decisions within an existing contentoriented collegiate curriculum in the German Department at Georgetown University; (2) as a way to inform pedagogical choices that target advanced levels of L2 ability, particularly the crucial area of vocabulary development; and (3) to devise genre-based tasks that assess L2 learners' language abilities and content knowledge across the curriculum and also help to further specify learning objectives and curricular choices.
Phylogenetic analyses within three sections of the genus Vicia
Authors: Sakowicz Tomasz , Cieślikowski Tomasz 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe averaged genomic similarities based on multilocus randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) were calculated for eight species representing three sections of the genus Vicia: faba, bithynica and narbonensis. The frequency of appearance of the sequences corresponding to 25 decamers selected at random from genomes of different Fabace species was checked, and a high correlation with the frequency observed for Vicia allowed us to assume their similar weight in typing Vicia species. The RAPD-based similarity coefficients compared with those related to whole genome hybridization with barley rDNA and those based on restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) revealed similar interspecies relationships. The averaged RAPD-based similarity coefficient (Pearson’s) was 0.68 for all the species, and was sectionspecific: 0.43 (bithynica), 0.50 (faba) and 0.73 (narbonensis). The averaged similarity coefficient for V. serratifolia (0.63) placed it apart from the rest (0.75) of its section. The results correspond to the interspecies relationships built upon non-genetic data. The averaged similarity coefficient for particular RAPD was related to the presence and type of tandemly repeated motif in a primer: 0.7–0.8 for heterodimers (GC, AG, CA, GT, CT), 0.5–0.6 for homodimers (CC, GG) and 0.6 for no repeat, indicating the sensitivity of diversity range to the type of target sequences.
When a trauma becomes a key to identity: enhanced integration of trauma memories predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms
Authors: Berntsen Dorthe , Rubin David C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe Centrality of Event Scale (CES) measures the extent to which a traumatic memory forms a central component of personal identity, a turning point in the life story and a reference point for everyday inferences. In two studies, we show that the CES is positively correlated with severity of PTSD symptoms, even when controlling for measures of anxiety, depression, dissociation and self‐consciousness. The findings contradict the widespread view that poor integration of the traumatic memory into one's life story is a main cause of PTSD symptoms. Instead, enhanced integration appears to be a key issue. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anionenkoordination mit Amidliganden
Authors: Kang Sung Ok , Begum Rowshan Ara , Bowman‐James Kristin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDie Anionenerkennung ist ein aktives Forschungsgebiet der supramolekularen Chemie. Mittlerweile stehen ausreichend viele Strukturdaten zur Verfügung, um die Anionenkoordination formal nach Koordinationszahl und Koordinationsgeometrie einzuteilen, und zwar auf Basis der Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen Wirt (Ligand) und Gast (Anion). In diesem Kurzaufsatz wird nur eine Anionenrezeptorart behandelt, nämlich Amidliganden. Für fünf Anionenformen werden die Strukturdaten nach der Koordinationszahl aufgelistet und Gemeinsamkeiten innerhalb einer gegebenen Anionentopologie ermittelt. Dabei zeigen sich Ähnlichkeiten zwischen der Koordination von Anionen und der von Übergangsmetallionen.
Sequential interpenetrating polymer network based on styrene butadiene rubber and polyalkyl methacrylates
Authors: Patri M. , Reddy C. V. , Narasimhan C. , Samui A. B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of sequential interpenetrating polymer network (IPNs) based on styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) and polyalkyl (methyl, ethyl, and butyl) methacrylates have been prepared by using tetraethylene glycol dimethacrylate as crosslinker. The IPNs were characterized by infrared spectrophotometer, dynamic mechanical analyzer, thermogravimetric analyzer, and swelling study. IPNs have exhibited higher tensile properties compared with pure SBR. IPNs based on PMMA have shown higher tensile strength compared with others. Dynamic mechanical analysis has shown that the IPNs have superior dynamic properties than SBR. Because of IPN formation, tan δ peak shifted inward between SBR and acrylates. Although the magnitude of tan δ decreased, the peaks were broadened because of micro heterogeneous phase separation. At higher concentration of methacrylate, splitting in tan δ peak was noticed because of phase separation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1120–1126, 2007
Morphology, structure, and kinetic analysis of nonisothermal cold‐ and melt‐crystallization of syndiotactic polystyrene
Authors: Cai Jiali , Han Ying 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNonisothermal cold‐ and melt‐crystallization of syndiotactic polystyrene (sPS) were carefully carried out by Perkin–Elmer Diamond differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microcopy (POM), and wide angle X‐ray diffraction. The experimental data subjected to the two types of processing were thoroughly analyzed on the basis of Avrami, Tobin, Ziabicki, and combination of Avrami and Ozawa models. Avrami, Tobin, and Ziabicki analyses indicate that nonisothermal cold‐crystallization (A) characterizes smaller Avami and Tobin exponent and larger Ziabicki kinetic crystallizability index G than those obtained from nonisothermal melt‐crystallization (B) possibly due to the existence of partially ordered structures in the quenched samples. Kissinger and the differential isoconversional method (DICM) of Friedman's were utilized to obtain effective energy barrier of A, in good agreement with that obtained by using Arrhenius equation to analyze the isothermal cold‐crystallization, indicating that Kissinger and Friedman equations can be applied to obtain activation energy from A of sPS. X‐ray diffraction analysis indicates that cold‐crystallization mainly produces α‐type crystal but for melt‐crystallization the contents of α‐type and β‐type crystals depend on the cooling rates. The POM also indicates the difference of end morphology of the sample between A and B. At the same time, the DICM of Friedman's was applied to analyze experimental data of B, which were divided into two groups with 20 K/min as the threshold, and it was found that the formation of β‐type crystal possesses larger absolute value of effective activation barrier than the formation of α‐type crystal. © 2006Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1311–1324, 2007
Effect of compounding procedure on mechanical properties and dispersed phase morphology of poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone blends containing peroxide
Authors: Semba Takeshi , Kitagawa Kazuo , Ishiaku Umaru S. , Kotaki Masaya , Hamada Hiroyuki 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSide feeding technique was applied to poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) blends containing peroxide. Feeding procedures attempted were blanket and split feeding. In the former procedure, all the materials were fed into the main hopper at once. On the other hand, the feeding of materials was split by using main hopper and side feeder in the later procedure. The results indicated that static tensile properties were not dependent on feeding procedure, but the impact strength was superior in the case of the split feeding samples. It is noteworthy that the impact strength of the split feeding sample was considerably affected as it was four times better. Coarse dispersions such as continuous filament and layer dispersions were formed in the blend specimens without peroxide. On the other hand, fine dispersions were formed in the blend specimens containing peroxide which served as compatibilizer in this blend system. Peroxide addition through the side feeder brought about fine dispersions, promoted adhesion at the interface, and increased viscous nature of the PCL phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1066–1074, 2007