bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Social interactions of information systems development teams: a performance perspective
Authors: Sawyer Steve , Guinan Patricia J. , Cooprider Jay 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWe report results from a longitudinal study of information systems development (ISD) teams. We use data drawn from 60 ISD teams at 22 sites of 15 Fortune 500 organizations to explore variations in performance relative to these teams’ social interactions. To do this, we characterize ISD as a form of new product development and focus on team‐level social interactions with external stakeholders. Drawing on cluster analysis, we identify five patterns of team‐level social interactions and the relationships of these patterns to a suite of objective and subjective measures of ISD performance. Analysis leads us to report three findings. First, data indicate that no one of the five identified patterns maximizes all performance measures. Second, data make clear that the most common approach to ISD is the least effective relative to our suite of performance measures. Third, data from this study show that early indications of ISD project success do not predict actual outcomes. These findings suggest two issues for research and practice. First, these findings indicate that varying patterns of social interactions lead to differences in ISD team performance. Second, the findings illustrate that singular measures of ISD performance are an oversimplification and that multiple measures of ISD performance are unlikely to agree.
Biogeographical patterns of rocky intertidal communities along the Pacific coast of North America
Authors: Blanchette Carol A. , Melissa Miner C. , Raimondi Peter T. , Lohse David , Heady Kristen E. K. , Broitman Bernardo R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim  Our aim in this paper is to present the first broad‐scale quantification of species abundance for rocky intertidal communities along the Pacific coast of North America. Here we examine the community‐level marine biogeographical patterns in the context of formerly described biogeographical regions, and we evaluate the combined effects of geographical distance and environmental conditions on patterns of species similarity across this region.Location  Pacific coast of North America.Methods  Data on the percentage cover of benthic marine organisms were collected at 67 rocky intertidal sites from south‐eastern Alaska, USA, to central Baja California Sur, Mexico. Cluster analysis and non‐metric multidimensional scaling were used to evaluate the spatial patterns of species similarity among sites relative to those of previously defined biogeographical regions. Matrices of similarity in species composition among all sites were computed and analysed with respect to geographical distance and long‐term mean sea surface temperature (SST) as a measure of environmental conditions.Results  We found a high degree of spatial structure in the similarity of intertidal communities along the coast. Cluster analysis identified 13 major community structure ‘groups’. Although breaks between clusters of sites generally occurred at major biogeographical boundaries, some of the larger biogeographical regions contained several clusters of sites that did not group according to spatial position or identifiable coastal features. Additionally, there were several outliers – sites that grouped alone or with sites outside their region – for which localized features may play an important role in driving community structure. Patterns of species similarity at the large scale were highly correlated with geographical distance among sites and with SST. Importantly, we found community similarity to be highly correlated with long‐term mean SST while controlling for the effects of geographical distance.Main conclusions  These findings reveal a high degree of spatial structure in the similarity of rocky intertidal communities of the north‐east Pacific, and are generally consistent with those of previously described biogeographical regions, with some notable differences. Breaks in similarity among clusters are generally coincident with known biogeographical and oceanographic discontinuities. The strong correlations between species similarity and both geographical position and SST suggest that both geography and oceanographic conditions have a large influence on patterns of intertidal community structure along the Pacific coast of North America.
Primary succession of subarctic vegetation and soil on the fast‐rising coast of eastern Hudson Bay, Canada
Authors: Laliberté Ann‐Catherine , Payette Serge 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim  The objectives of the study are: (1) to evaluate the dynamics of the maritime tree line and forest limit of white spruce, Picea glauca, within the dual framework of primary succession induced by the rapid post‐glacial land emergence on the eastern coast of Hudson Bay and the impacts of recent and past climate changes; and (2) to determine the time lapse between land emergence and seedling, tree, and forest establishment in the context of the primary chronosequence occurring on rising, well‐drained sandy beaches and terraces.Location  The study area was located on the eastern coast of Hudson Bay (56°20′ N, 76°32′ W) in northern Québec, Canada.Methods  We evaluated the colonization dynamics of white spruce as seedlings, tree‐line trees and primary‐forest trees at eight sites distributed along a 200‐km latitudinal gradient based on a mean land emergence rate of 1.2 m century−1. A 30‐m wide by 140–300‐m long quadrat was positioned at random at the centre of each site. The elevation above sea level, position and age of all individuals of spruce present in the quadrat areas were determined, and the soils of each chronosequence were described.Results  The main stages of primary succession along the emerging coast were common to all the sites, regardless of latitude, but occurred at different elevations above sea level (a.s.l.). White spruce seedlings colonized near‐shore beaches 2 m a.s.l., whereas the tree line and forest limit tended to form only at about 3–4 m and 4–8 m a.s.l., corresponding approximately to 180–825 years and 310–1615 years after land emersion, respectively. White spruce establishment at the tree line occurred about 50 years ago. Climatic conditions at this time were probably more favourable to tree colonization than when the species established at the forest limit. Soil formation was influenced primarily by distance from the seashore and elevation above sea level, with podzolization being accelerated by white spruce cover.Main conclusions  The current tree‐line and forest‐limit positions on the rising coast of eastern Hudson Bay correspond to ecological limits established during the course of primary succession within a context of changing climatic conditions. The recent establishment of trees at the tree line and forest limit at relatively old coastal sites is associated with warmer conditions over the last 100 years. Although white spruce was present nearby, coastal sites were devoid of trees before the 20th century.
A test of host‐associated differentiation across the ‘parasite continuum’ in the tri‐trophic interaction among yuccas, bogus yucca moths, and parasitoids
Authors: ALTHOFF DAVID M 
Published: July 2008

AbstractParasitic taxa span an antagonistic continuum, with some parasites inflicting no fitness costs to some that kill the host after feeding. Host‐associated differentiation is postulated as a major process facilitating speciation in many parasitic taxa. Here, I examined the importance of host‐associated differentiation in a parasitoid wasp that develops on yucca moths in the genus Prodoxus. Prodoxus are specialists on Yucca, and moth speciation is closely tied to differences in microhabitat use within a plant and among host plant species. Parasitoids in the genus Eusandalum have been reared from Prodoxus species distributed across Yucca. Estimates of host‐use patterns obtained through rearings of adult wasps were combined with surveys of mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I sequence data and amplified fragment length polymorphism markers to determine if populations of Eusandalum were genetically structured based on host use. Eusandalum populations were genetically structured based on geographical distance rather than moth host species, microhabitats within plants, or Yucca species. The results are contrary to the patterns observed in the host genus Prodoxus. Although parasitoids exhibit parasite‐like characteristics, these results suggest that Eusandalum may be best viewed as a predator. Female wasps are able to utilize any moth species present at a given locality, and there is little likelihood that host specialization may facilitate population subdivision and speciation.
Landscape genetic analyses reveal cryptic population structure and putative selection gradients in a large‐scale estuarine environment
Authors: McCAIRNS R. J. SCOTT , BERNATCHEZ LOUIS 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDisentangling the relative contributions of selective and neutral processes underlying phenotypic and genetic variation under natural, environmental conditions remains a central challenge in evolutionary ecology. However, much of the variation that could be informative in this area of research is likely to be cryptic in nature; thus, the identification of wild populations suitable for study may be problematic. We use a landscape genetics approach to identify such populations of three‐spined stickleback inhabiting the Saint Lawrence River estuary. We sampled 1865 adult fish over multiple years. Individuals were genotyped for nine microsatellite loci, and georeferenced multilocus data were used to infer population groupings, as well as locations of genetic discontinuities, under a Bayesian model framework (geneland). We modelled environmental data using nonparametric multiple regression to explain genetic differentiation as a function of spatio‐ecological effects. Additionally, we used genotype data to estimate dispersal and gene flow to parameterize a simple model predicting adaptive vs. plastic divergence between demes. We demonstrate a bipartite division of the genetic landscape into freshwater and maritime zones, independent of geographical distance. Moreover, we show that the greatest proportion of genetic variation (31.5%) is explained by environmental differences. However, the potential for either adaptive or plastic divergence between demes is highly dependent upon the strength of migration and selection. Consequently, we highlight the utility of landscape genetics as a tool for hypothesis generation and experimental design, to identify focal populations and putative selection gradients, in order to distinguish between phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation.
The hydraulic architecture of Juniperus communis L. ssp. communis: shrubs and trees compared
Authors: BEIKIRCHER BARBARA , MAYR STEFAN 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT Juniperus communis ssp. communis can grow like a shrub or it can develop a tree‐like habit. In this study, the hydraulic architecture of these contrasting growth forms was compared. We analysed the hydraulic efficiency (leaf‐specific conductivity, kl; specific conductivity, ks; Huber value, HV) and the vulnerability to cavitation (the water potential corresponding to a 50% loss of conductivity, Ψ50), as well as anatomical parameters [mean tracheid diameter, d; mean hydraulic diameter, dh; cell wall reinforcement (t/b)h2] of shrub shoots, tree stems and tree branches. Shrub shoots were similar to tree branches (especially to lower branches) in growth form and conductivity (kl = 1.93 ± 0.11 m2 s−1 MPa−1 10−7, ks = 5.71 ± 0.19 m2 s−1 MPa−1 10−4), but were similar to tree stems in their vulnerability to cavitation (Ψ50 = −5.81 ± 0.08 MPa). Tree stems showed extraordinarily high kl and ks values, and HV increased from the base up. Stem xylem was more vulnerable to cavitation than branch xylem, where Ψ50 increased from lower (Ψ50 = −6.44 ± 0.19 MPa) to upper branches (Ψ50 = −5.98 ± 0.13 MPa). Conduit diameters were correlated with kl and ks. Data indicate that differences in hydraulic architecture correspond to changes in growth form. In some aspects, the xylem hydraulics of tree‐like Juniperus communis differs from that of other coniferous tree species.
N‐acyl‐L‐homoserine lactones: a class of bacterial quorum‐sensing signals alter post‐embryonic root development in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: ORTÍZ‐CASTRO RANDY , MARTÍNEZ‐TRUJILLO MIGUEL , LÓPEZ‐BUCIO JOSE 
Published: July 2008

ABSTRACT N‐acyl‐homoserine lactones (AHLs) belong to a class of bacterial quorum‐sensing signals important for bacterial cell‐to‐cell communication. We evaluated Arabidopsis thaliana growth responses to a variety of AHLs ranging from 4 to 14 carbons in length, focusing on alterations in post‐embryonic root development as a way to determine the biological activity of these signals. The compounds affected primary root growth, lateral root formation and root hair development, and in particular, N‐decanoyl‐HL (C10‐HL) was found to be the most active AHL in altering root system architecture. Developmental changes elicited by C10‐HL were related to altered expression of cell division and differentiation marker lines pPRZ1:uidA, CycB1:uidA and pAtEXP7:uidA in Arabidopsis roots. Although the effects of C10‐HL were similar to those produced by auxins in modulating root system architecture, the primary and lateral root response to this compound was found to be independent of auxin signalling. Furthermore, we show that mutant and overexpressor lines for an Arabidopsis fatty acid amide hydrolase gene (AtFAAH) sustained altered growth response to C10‐HL. All together, our results suggest that AHLs alter root development in Arabidopsis and that plants posses the enzymatic machinery to metabolize these compounds.
Large‐scale intertidal polygonal features of the Abu Dhabi coastline
Authors: LOKIER STEPHEN , STEUBER THOMAS 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis study provides the first quantitative description of modern giant polygons. These large‐scale, up to 166 m diameter, sedimentological features are described here in detail from the intertidal zone of the Arabian Gulf near Abu Dhabi. These features form by the displacive carbonate cementation of carbonate sand below a 3 to 5 cm thick cover of unconsolidated sediment. The oxygen isotopic composition of cements is consistent with precipitation from evaporated sea water. Cementation proceeds via a poorly consolidated layer that grades downward into an 8 to 14 cm thick, well‐cemented grainstone. The margins of this expanding hardground form the overlapping borders of the polygons. Tepee structures at the borders of polygons are only occasionally preserved, as supporting sediment is removed by strong tidal currents and high‐energy events, such as storms, that erode the unsupported tepees. These observations have clear implications for the use of tepees in the interpretation of ancient polygons and their associated environments. When preserved in the sedimentary record, tepee structures are interpreted to indicate lower energy depositional environments than that observed in this study.
Size‐dependent sex allocation in Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae): physiological basis and effects of maternal family and environment
Authors: Zhao Z.‐G. , Meng J.‐L. , Fan B.‐L. , Du G.‐Z. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractTheory predicts size‐dependent sex allocation (SDS): flowers on plants with a high‐resource status should have larger investment in females than plants with a low‐resource status. Through a pot experiment with Aconitum gymnandrum (Ranunculaceae) in the field, we examined the relationship between sex allocation of individual flowers and plant size for different maternal families under different environmental conditions. We also determined the physiological base of variations in plant size. Our results support the prediction of SDS, and show that female‐biased allocation with plant size is consistent under different environmental conditions. Negative correlations within families showed a plastic response of sex allocation to plant size. Negative genetic correlations between sex allocation and plant size at the family level indicate a genetic cause of the SDS pattern, although genetic correlation was influenced by environmental factors. Hence, the size‐dependency of sex allocation in this species had both plastic and genetic causes. Furthermore, genotypes that grew large also had higher assimilation ability, thus showing a physiological basis for SDS.
To treat or not to treat – critically ill patients with candiduria
Authors: Hollenbach Eike 
Published: July 2008

SummaryThe prevalence of candiduria has increased in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs) and it has emerged as a common nosocomial infection among critically ill patients. Generally, urinary candidiasis should be regarded as a risk factor for invasive candidiasis, but not as a disease that needs to be treated on its own. However, decision‐making in critically ill patients with candiduria may become a balancing act, because candiduria may be the only indication for invasive candidaemia with significant morbidity and mortality. Of further concern, there is a worldwide increase in the incidence of non‐albicans spp. isolated from urine with highly variable susceptibility to fluconazole, which has been the first‐line therapy for Candida infections during the last decades. This article discusses everyday problems with urinary candidiasis in interdisciplinary ICUs.
Posaconazole in intensive care patients I: invasive fungal infections in surgical intensive care and case presentation
Authors: Störzinger Dominic , Lichtenstern Christoph , Swoboda Stefanie , Weigand Markus A. , Hoppe‐Tichy Torsten 
Published: July 2008

SummaryCritically ill patients after extended surgical procedures are at high risk for postoperative infections. Fungal infections play a substantial role for immunocompromised patients, e.g. after solid organ transplantation or under chronic corticoid therapy. Posaconazole, a new broad‐spectrum triazole effective against Aspergillus and Candida species as well as many fungi that are resistant to other antifungals, is well tolerated and can be used as an alternative in salvage therapy. Posaconazole can be administered via gavage so that antifungal therapy can be switched from an expensive intravenously applied antifungal to oral posaconazole at an early stage. Two case reports are presented, which show that posaconazole was efficacious and well tolerated following antifungal therapy with another azole. It was administered without difficulty via gavage to a patient receiving artificial respiration and dialysis.
Candida infection in HIV positive patients 1985–2007
Authors: Traeder Christian , Kowoll Susann , Arastéh Keikawus 
Published: July 2008

SummaryInfection with Candida species remains a major problem in HIV infected patients. The analysis of over 15000 hospitalisations (1985–2007) in the AVK cohort shows an increasing incidence of non‐albicans species in candida esophagitis. Although our analysis shows a decreasing incidence of opportunistic infections like PCP, cerebral toxoplasmosis and others since the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy the incidence of candida esophagitis remains as high as in the years before the HAART era. This observation might reflect the development of resistance against fluconazole and the selection of non‐albicans species as a consequence of a long‐term prophylactic treatment of HIV+ patients over years.
Core Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Score (CLSS) questionnaire: A reliable tool in the overall assessment of lower urinary tract symptoms
Authors: Homma Yukio , Yoshida Masaki , Yamanishi Tomonori , Gotoh Momokazu 
Published: July 2008

Objectives:  To identify the symptoms of higher relevance in patients complaining of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).Methods:  A questionnaire covering 25 LUTS as defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) terminology committee was administered to 1000 adults complaining of LUTS and 360 not complaining (controls). Symptoms were defined as ‘highly relevant (core LUTS)’ when indicated by at least 25% of symptomatic patients with nine common diseases/conditions as one of the three symptoms that had a significant impact on their daily life.Results:  Ten symptoms (daytime frequency, nocturia, urgency, urgency incontinence, stress incontinence, slow urinary stream, straining, feeling of incomplete emptying, bladder pain, and urethral pain) were selected as being of high relevance. Core LUTS all showed significantly higher scores in the symptomatic patients than in the controls and they were not correlated with other more prevalent symptoms. The Core LUTS score (CLSS) questionnaire derived from these 10 symptoms was confirmed as showing test‐retest reliability.Conclusions:  Of 25 LUTS defined by the ICS committee, 10 symptoms were selected as core LUTS. The CLSS, a questionnaire for core LUTS, provides an overall assessment of relevant symptoms without significant omissions. It might be useful for new patients, those with multiple diseases, and those without a definite diagnosis, as well as before and after interventions that may cause other symptoms.
Risk factors associated with preterm delivery in women with pregestational diabetes
Authors: Matsushita Erina , Matsuda Yoshio , Makino Yasuo , Sanaka Mayumi , Ohta Hiroaki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAim:  The primary objective of this study was to compare the rates of spontaneous and indicated preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation. A second objective was to identify prenatal events associated with preterm delivery at less than 35 weeks of gestation in women with diabetes mellitus (DM).Methods:  A case–control study was conducted on 219 pregnant women with type 1 and type 2 DM, who were treated at a single medical center. The rate of preterm delivery at less than 37 weeks of gestation was determined. Preterm delivery was categorized into spontaneous and indicated for the purpose of the study. The distributions of relevant variables were compared between women who had preterm delivery at less than 35 weeks of gestation (n = 16) and the controls (n = 203).Results:  Thirty‐three women (15.1%) gave birth at less than 37 weeks of gestation. These patients were divided into two groups: seven cases (3.2% of the study sample) of spontaneous preterm delivery, and 26 cases (11.9%) of indicated preterm delivery. The presence of vascular disease (odds ratio [OR] 5.7; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3, 25.7), and pre‐eclampsia/superimposed pre‐eclampsia (OR 12.3; CI 3.1, 49.3) were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery at less than 35 weeks of gestation.Conclusions:  In this case–control study, the presence of vascular disease, or pre‐eclampsia/superimposed pre‐eclampsia, was found to be correlated with an increase in the risk of preterm delivery at less than 35 weeks of gestation in diabetic pregnancies.