bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A latest Pleistocene and Holocene glacial history and paleoclimate reconstruction at Three Sisters and Broken Top Volcanoes, Oregon, U.S.A.
Authors: Marcott Shaun A. , Fountain Andrew G. , O'Connor Jim E. , Sniffen Peter J. , Dethier David P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAt least three sets of moraines mark distinct glacial stands since the last glacial maximum (LGM) in the Three Sisters region of the Oregon Cascade Range. The oldest stand predates 8.1 ka (defined here as post-LGM), followed by a second between ∼ 2 and 8 ka (Neoglacial) and a third from the Little Ice Age (LIA) advance of the last 300 years. The post-LGM equilibrium line altitudes were 260 ± 100 m lower than that of modern glaciers, requiring 23 ± 9% increased winter snowfall and 1.4 ± 0.5°C cooler summer temperatures than at present. The LIA advance had equilibrium line altitudes 110 ± 40 m lower than at present, implying 10 ± 4% greater winter snowfall and 0.6 ± 0.2°C cooler summer temperatures.
Paleoecological evidence for abrupt cold reversals during peak Holocene warmth on Baffin Island, Arctic Canada
Authors: Axford Yarrow , Briner Jason P. , Miller Gifford H. , Francis Donna R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA continuous record of insect (Chironomidae) remains preserved in lake sediments is used to infer temperature changes at a small lake in Arctic Canada through the Holocene. Early Holocene summers at the study site were characterized by more thermophilous assemblages and warmer inferred temperatures than today, presumably in response to the positive anomaly in Northern Hemisphere summer insolation. Peak early Holocene warmth was interrupted by two cold reversals between 9.5 and 8 cal ka BP, during which multiple cold-stenothermous chironomid taxa appeared in the lake. The earlier reversal appears to correlate with widespread climate anomalies around 9.2 cal ka BP; the age of the younger reversal is equivocal but it may correlate with the 8.2 cal ka BP cold event documented elsewhere. Widespread, abrupt climate shifts in the early Holocene illustrate the susceptibility of the climate system to perturbations, even during periods of enhanced warmth in the Northern Hemisphere.
High-resolution chronology for the Mesoamerican urban center of Teotihuacan derived from Bayesian statistics of radiocarbon and archaeological data
Authors: Beramendi-Orosco Laura E. , Gonzalez-Hernandez Galia , Urrutia-Fucugauchi Jaime , Manzanilla Linda R. , Soler-Arechalde Ana M. , Goguitchaishvili Avto , Jarboe Nick 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA high-resolution 14C chronology for the Teopancazco archaeological site in the Teotihuacan urban center of Mesoamerica was generated by Bayesian analysis of 33 radiocarbon dates and detailed archaeological information related to occupation stratigraphy, pottery and archaeomagnetic dates. The calibrated intervals obtained using the Bayesian model are up to ca. 70% shorter than those obtained with individual calibrations. For some samples, this is a consequence of plateaus in the part of the calibration curve covered by the sample dates (2500 to 1450 14C yr BP). Effects of outliers are explored by comparing the results from a Bayesian model that incorporates radiocarbon data for two outlier samples with the same model excluding them. The effect of outliers was more significant than expected. Inclusion of radiocarbon dates from two altered contexts, 500 14C yr earlier than those for the first occupational phase, results in ages calculated by the model earlier than the archaeological records. The Bayesian chronology excluding these outliers separates the first two Teopancazco occupational phases and suggests that ending of the Xolalpan phase was around cal AD 550, 100 yr earlier than previously estimated and in accordance with previously reported archaeomagnetic dates from lime plasters for the same site.
Comparative evaluation of conventional versus endoscopic septoplasty for limited septal deviation and spur
Authors: Bothra R , Mathur N N 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:To compare the procedure, results and complications of conventional septoplasty with those of endoscopic septoplasty, in cases of limited septal deviation and septal spurs.Design:Prospective study; interventional type; randomised block design; comparative clinical trial.Methods:We included in the study 80 patients presenting with limited septal deviation, septal spur with nasal obstruction, or deviated septum with septal correction was required in order to access the ostio-meatal complex (OMC) for functional endoscopic sinus surgery. Of these 12 were children with septal deviation producing significant nasal obstruction. All patients were divided into two groups- with one undergoing conventional and the other endoscopic septoplasty. Post-operative assessment was carried out one month, three months and one to two years after the procedure.Result:Post-operative complications such as haemorrhage, infraorbital oedema, nasal pain and in-patient hospital was slightly more in the conventional septoplasty group.Conclusion:No statistically significant difference was found between the conventional and endoscopic septoplasty groups, as assessed by subjective and objective evaluation.
Different responses to K-10 and CIDI suggest that complex structured psychiatric interviews underestimate rates of mental disorder in old people
Authors: O'Connor D. W. , Parslow R. A. 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundEpidemiological surveys based on complex diagnostic interviews, such as the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), report very low rates of anxiety and depressive disorders in older age groups. Mental health checklists show much less change over the lifespan. This paper explores the possibility that complex interviews present a special challenge to older respondents and thereby exaggerate the decline in mental disorder with age.MethodAnalysis of data from an Australian national mental health survey with 10 641 community-resident adult respondents. Measures of interest included ICD-10 anxiety and depression diagnoses, scores on the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), agreement between K-10 and CIDI anxiety and depressive questions, and changes in agreement with age.ResultsLevels of inconsistency between simple and complex questions about anxiety and depression rose with age.ConclusionsOlder people may have difficulty attending to and processing lengthy, complex questionnaires. When in doubt, their preferred response may be to deny having experienced symptoms, thus deflating rates of diagnosed mental disorder. We recommend that simple mental health scales be included in epidemiological studies involving older age groups.
Lottery puzzles and Jesus' ‘Return’
Authors: SMITH DONALD 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper is about a puzzle – I'll call it ‘the Return’ – that puts considerable pressure upon Christians to accept a very robust scepticism about the future. Those familiar with work on so-called ‘lottery puzzles’ will notice much similarity between those puzzles and the Return. However, there is an important difference that renders the Return an especially difficult problem for a Christian who believes that he has much knowledge about the future. After introducing the Return, I'll argue that it is immune to the most promising non-sceptical approaches to more familiar lottery puzzles.
In Search of Security: Migrant Workers' Understandings, Experiences and Expectations Regarding ‘Social Protection’ in Ireland
Authors: TIMONEN VIRPI , DOYLE MARTHA 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWhile both migration and welfare states are popular topics of research, the intersection between them is rarely studied. In this article, we present the findings of a study that explored migrant workers' conceptualisation of ‘social protection’ and their relationship with the Irish welfare state. The main foci of analysis for the purposes of this article are the migrant workers' understandings, experiences and expectations regarding their social protection and the welfare state. While our findings hint at the presence of many migrant workers who are very poorly anchored into and even completely detached from the Irish welfare state, they also reveal complex and ambivalent attitudes towards component parts of the social protection system. While the findings presented here stem from a qualitative study in a single country, we hypothesise that similar patterns can be identified among the migrant populations in other, particularly liberal, welfare states.
The euthycarcinoid arthropods from Montceau-les-Mines, France: functional morphology and affinities
Authors: Racheboeuf Patrick R. , Vannier Jean , Schram Frederick R. , Chabard Dominique , Sotty Daniel 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTNew three-dimensionally preserved specimens of two euthycarcinoid arthropods, namely Schramixerxes gerem and Sottyxerxes multiplex, allow complete description of both the dorsal and ventral sides of the exoskeleton. The functional morphology is tentatively interpreted for the first time. In S. gerem, the ‘thirteenth somite’, or ‘monosomite’ is fully described and re-interpreted as the main articulatory process of the body, between the cephalic region and the preabdomen. The morphology and arrangement of the two parts of the process clearly indicate that the anterior cephalic region of the body could move laterally and bend ventrally, while posterior somites could only move ventrally. Unlike several other euthycarcinoid species, the ventral side of the head area exhibits one or two plates instead of mandibles; such distinct morphologies are indicative of different feeding mechanisms and behaviours among euthycarcinoid arthropods. Possible homologies with the labrum of Hexapoda support the hypothesis that euthycarcinoids have hexapod affinities.
Mexican Forest Inventory Expands Continental Carbon Monitoring
Authors: Uribe Alberto Sandoval , Healey Sean P. , Moisen Gretchen G. , Rivas Rigoberto Palafox , Aguilar Enrique Gonzalez , Tovar Carmen Lourdes Meneses , Davalos Ernesto S. Diaz Ponce , Mascorro Vanessa Silva 
Published: December 2008

The terrestrial ecosystems of the North American continent represent a large reservoir of carbon and a potential sink within the global carbon cycle. The recent State of the Carbon Cycle Report [U.S. Climate Change Science Program (CCSP), 2007] identified the critical role these systems may play in mitigating effects of greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuel combustion. However, there are currently large uncertainties in continental carbon models, and the scientific community's understanding of relevant carbon sources and sinks has been much less complete in Mexico than in Canada and the United States [Birdsey et al., 2007].One reason for this disparity has been a lack of systematic field data from throughout Mexico. Recently, though, new field and satellite inventory information has become available through two Mexican resource agencies, the Comisión Nacional Forestal (CONAFOR) and the Instituto Nacional de Estadstica y Geografa (INEGI). This information has the potential to support new types of analysis within Mexico and to significantly augment efforts to characterize carbon dynamics at the continental scale. Moreover, because many of the forest types and land use issues present in Mexico can be found throughout Latin America, Mexico's support of carbon monitoring may provide a relevant example as other counties within the region develop their own inventories.
Earth TV
Authors: Showstack Randy 
Published: December 2008

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is seeking participation from primary investigators working on science projects in geology, geomorphology, climate, and history for a new series, “How Earth Made Us.” According to the BBC, the aim of this follow‐up to the 2007 program “Earth: Power of the Planet” is to reveal the influence of planetary forces (geology, climate, and geomorphology) in shaping human history over the past 10,000 years. The BBC anticipates producing a series focusing on cutting‐edge science and dramatic locations that have been rarely filmed.Program producers are looking for exciting science projects under way in remote or visually stunning parts of the world; major projects or expeditions of a geological/historical nature that will take place over the next 12 months; and/or information on locations that have been rarely documented.
Mechanisms of mammalian zinc-regulated gene expression
Authors: Jackson Kelly A. , Valentine Ruth A. , Coneyworth Lisa J. , Mathers John C. , Ford Dianne 
Published: December 2008

Mechanisms through which gene expression is regulated by zinc are central to cellular zinc homoeostasis. In this context, evidence for the involvement of zinc dyshomoeostasis in the aetiology of diseases, including Type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and cancer, highlights the importance of zinc-regulated gene expression. Mechanisms elucidated in bacteria and yeast provide examples of different possible modes of zinc-sensitive gene regulation, involving the zinc-regulated binding of transcriptional activators and repressors to gene promoter regions. A mammalian transcriptional regulatory mechanism that mediates zinc-induced transcriptional up-regulation, involving the transcription factor MTF1 (metal-response element-binding transcription factor 1), has been studied extensively. Gene responses in the opposite direction (reduced mRNA levels in response to increased zinc availability) have been observed in mammalian cells, but a specific transcriptional regulatory process responsible for such a response has yet to be identified. Examples of single zinc-sensitive transcription factors regulating gene expression in opposite directions are emerging. Although zinc-induced transcriptional repression by MTF1 is a possible explanation in some specific instances, such a mechanism cannot account for repression by zinc of all mammalian genes that show this mode of regulation, indicating the existence of as yet uncharacterized mechanisms of zinc-regulated transcription in mammalian cells. In addition, recent findings reveal a role for effects of zinc on mRNA stability in the regulation of specific zinc transporters. Our studies on the regulation of the human gene SLC30A5 (solute carrier 30A5), which codes for the zinc transporter ZnT5, have revealed that this gene provides a model system by which to study both zinc-induced transcriptional down-regulation and zinc-regulated mRNA stabilization.
Albumin as a zinc carrier: properties of its high-affinity zinc-binding site
Authors: Lu Jin , Stewart Alan J. , Sadler Peter J. , Pinheiro Teresa J.T. , Blindauer Claudia A. 
Published: December 2008

Although details of the molecular mechanisms for the uptake of the essential nutrient zinc into the bloodstream and its subsequent delivery to zinc-requiring organs and cells are poorly understood, it is clear that in vertebrates the majority of plasma zinc (9–14 μM; approx. 75–85%) is bound to serum albumin, constituting part of the so-called exchangeable pool. The binding of metal ions to serum albumins has been the subject of decades of studies, employing a multitude of techniques, but only recently has the identity and putative structure of the major zinc site on albumin been reported. Intriguingly, this site is located at the interface between two domains, and involves two residues from each of domains I and II. Comparisons of X-ray crystal structures of free and fatty-acid bound human serum albumin suggest that zinc binding to this site and fatty acid binding to one of the five major sites may be interdependent. Interactive binding of zinc and long-chain fatty acids to albumin may therefore have physiological implications.
Systemic hypoxia enhances bactericidal activities of human polymorphonuclear leuocytes
Authors: Wang Jong-Shyan , Liu Huang-Chun 
Published: December 2008

ROS (reactive oxygen species) generated by hypoxia facilitate the vascular inflammatory response, but whether systemic hypoxia influences leucocyte bactericidal activity by modulating circulatory redox status remains unclear. The present study elucidates how various hypoxic interventions influence the bactericidal activity of PMNs (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) following treatment with an antioxidant, vitamin E (D-α-tocopheryl acetate). Forty healthy sedentary men were randomly assigned to vitamin E (n=20) and placebo (n=20) groups. At 1 h following oral administration of 1000 i.u. of vitamin E or placebo, each subject in the two groups was randomly exposed to 12%, 15%, 18% and 21% O2 for 2 h in a normobaric hypoxia chamber. The results demonstrated that exposure to 12% O2 in the placebo group increased urinary 8-isoprostane and plasma malondialdehyde levels and decreased plasma total antioxidant content and superoxide dismutase activity, but did not alter plasma complement-C3a desArg/C4a desArg/C5a concentrations. Moreover, this hypoxic exposure also increased the chemotaxis of PMNs by exposure to N-formyl-Met-Leu-Phe, the phagocytosis of PMNs to Escherichia coli and the release of PMN oxidant products by E. coli, processes which were accompanied by increased expressions of L-selectin, LFA-1 (lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1), Mac-1, FcγIIIBR, C1qRp and C5aR on PMNs. However, exposure to 12% O2 in the vitamin E group did not influence expression of the opsonic/complement receptors on PMNs, and the chemotactic, phagocytic or oxidative burst activities of PMN, whereas the circulatory redox status and complement fragment levels were unaltered following this hypoxic exposure and pretreatment with vitamin E. Additionally, the circulatory redox status, complement systems, PMN-mediated bactericidal processes and the opsonic/complement receptors on PMNs were constant following exposure to 15%, 18% or 21% O2 in the two groups. We conclude that exposure to 12% O2 promotes the chemotactic, phagocytic and oxidative burst activities of PMNs, possibly by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidative capacity. However, this hypoxic effect on PMN bactericidal activity is ameliorated by pretreatment with vitamin E.
Outbreak of Multidrug-ResistantPseudomonas aeruginosaColonization and Infection Secondary to Imperfect Intensive Care Unit Room Design
Authors: Hota Susy , Hirji Zahir , Stockton Karen , Lemieux Camille , Dedier Helen , Wolfaardt Gideon , Gardam Michael A. 
Published: December 2008

Background.Pseudomonas aeruginosahas been increasingly recognized for its ability to cause significant hospital-associated outbreaks, particularly since the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains. Biofilm formation allows the pathogen to persist in environmental reservoirs. Thus, multiple hospital room design elements, including sink placement and design, can impact nosocomial transmission ofP. aeruginosaand other pathogens.Methods.From December 2004 through March 2006, 36 patients exposed to the intensive care unit or transplant units of a tertiary care hospital were infected with a multidrug-resistant strain ofP. aeruginosa. All phenotypically similar isolates were examined for genetic relatedness by means of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Clinical characteristics of the affected patients were collected, and a detailed epidemiological and environmental investigation of potential sources was carried out.Results.Seventeen of the infected patients died within 3 months; for 12 (71%) of these patients, infection with the outbreak organism contributed to or directly caused death. The source of the outbreak was traced to hand hygiene sink drains, where biofilms containing viable organisms were found. Testing by use of a commercial fluorescent marker demonstrated that when the sink was used for handwashing, drain contents splashed at least 1 meter from the sink. Various attempts were made to disinfect the drains, but it was only when the sinks were renovated to prevent splashing onto surrounding areas that the outbreak was terminated.Conclusion.This report highlights the importance of biofilms and of sink and patient room design in the propagation of an outbreak and suggests some strategies to reduce the risks associated with hospital sinks.
Prevalence of Colonization With Community-Associated Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusAmong End-Stage Renal Disease Patients and Healthcare Workers
Authors: Johnson Leonard B. , Jose Jinson , Yousif Farah , Pawlak Joan , Saravolatz Louis D. 
Published: December 2008

Objective.To evaluate the prevalence, epidemiologic features, and molecular characteristics of colonization with community-associated methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(CA-MRSA) among hospitalized dialysis patients and their healthcare workers (HCWs).Design.Prospective observational clinical and laboratory study of nasal colonization.Setting.A 600-bed urban academic medical center.Subjects.One hundred twenty hospitalized dialysis inpatients and 100 HCWs.Results.Of 120 patients, 40 (33%) were colonized withS. aureus; 26 (65%) of these 40 were colonized with MRSA. Among the 26 MRSA isolates, 10 (38.5%) carried staphylococcal cassette chromosome (SCC)mectype IV (ie, CA-MRSA), and 7 of these 10 carried the genes for the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin. Patients colonized with healthcare-associated MRSA strains and those colonized with CA-MRSA strains were similar, except for a higher frequency of a history of congestive heart failure among those with healthcare-associated MRSA strains (P= .014). Among 10 patients who presented with or developed anS. aureusinfection while hospitalized, 8 were colonized withS. aureus, 7 with MRSA, and 3 with SCCmectype IV strains. Among 100 HCWs, 31 were colonized withS. aureus, including 6 with MRSA; 2 of the MRSA isolates belonged to CA-MRSA strains, and soft-tissue infections were reported in one of the HCWs and in the family member of the other HCW colonized with these strains.Conclusions.There is a high rate of colonization with MRSA and CA-MRSA among hospitalized dialysis patients and their HCWs. As other studies have found, it appears that individuals are being colonized with both CA-MRSA strains and healthcare-associated MRSA strains.
Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate Marine Protected Areas in European waters
Authors: Smith Robert J. , Eastwood Paul D. , Ota Yoshitaka , Rogers Stuart I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Smith, R. J., Eastwood, P. D., Ota, Y., and Rogers, S. I. 2009. Developing best practice for using Marxan to locate Marine Protected Areas in European waters. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 188–194. Several recent studies have investigated the use of the conservation planning software Marxan to design Marine Protected Area (MPA) networks in UK waters. The systematic conservation planning approach embodied by Marxan has a number of advantages, but these studies have highlighted the need for guidance and advice on best practice. Here, we discuss two broad topics that we feel should inform future developments in the UK and elsewhere in the European Union. First, several technical issues need to be addressed to ensure the scientific defensibility of any conservation planning project. These include identifying which conservation features should be represented in an MPA system, developing a system for setting representation targets, and identifying which data should be included to minimize conflict with human uses of the sea. Second, it is necessary for researchers to engage at an early stage with those responsible for implementation and recognize that reserve selection should be part of a broader conservation planning process centred on a stakeholder-developed implementation strategy. A more-inclusive approach will make use of technical outputs, such as those generated by Marxan, as part of the process of policy development.