bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Training Techniques for Responders—Critical Thinking or Algorithmic
Authors: Smith M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The aim of the responder is to quickly turn an emergency into a project that is under control, this is critical to the evolution of a response; given this is the method of training used for oil spill responders due for review? In this paper the author will look at training methods for responders and if there should be a step change in the way the industry train people for varying roles in spill response.
The initial phase of a response can define its success. Handled correctly the need for a fast, visible, and coordinated response will be met. The initial response can also be a time for panic when a sense of calm is needed. In similar emergency response industries where coolness and composure are required, different training methods are currently employed. This paper will analyse various methods of training in the medical sector, namely the algorithmic training of paramedics, in order to evaluate these emergency strategies for the purposes of comparison and learning.
The later stages of a spill require the same management skills as any project; where actions can be planned and implemented with a calm and composed mindset using a detailed project plan. However a key difference in thinking is required to tackle both the initial emergency response and project areas of a spill. In the project phase of a spill critical thinking is a necessity. This critical thinking is the process of applying and analyzing information gathered from observation or communication, as a guide to actions. Good critical thinking should show clarity, accuracy, precision, consistency, relevance and fairness. The mindset involved in this phase is difficult to teach and evaluate. The author will look into how this can be achieved by referring again to the medical sector, namely the diagnostics and accident and emergency divisions.
With the two distinct stages of spills and the need to transfer rapidly from emergency to project phases the author will look into the advantages and disadvantages of adopting new distinct training techniques for responders for both periods of a spill. The function of this paper will be to provoke thought into changing the way the industry look at training people for purpose. It aims to discuss the possibilities of increasing logical step-by-step thinking for first responders creating set parameters that will then define deliverable information to those trained in critical thinking and spill management.
A Simple Mechanistic Model for Void Fraction and Pressure Gradient Prediction in Vertical and Inclined Gas/Liquid Flow
Authors: Khasanov Mars , Khabibullin Rinat , Krasnov Vitaly , Pashali Alexander , Guk Slava 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A new mechanistic model for two-phase flow in vertical and inclined pipes was proposed based on Drift-Flux approach. The proposed model, unlike the other mechanistic models (Ansari et al.1, Xiao et al.2, Unified Mechanistic Model3), which incorporate a system of nonlinear equation to solve, uses an explicit equation for liquid holdup prediction thus reducing computation time significantly. Coupled with some simplified assumptions on PVT, such simple form of liquid holdup prediction formula enables analytical integration of pressure gradient in two-phase flow along the pipe. This procedure is usually used to speed-up calculation of bottom-hole pressure for large number wells for oil production optimization purposes4.
Drift-flux approach can predict liquid holdup for bubbly flow quite accurately. But for slug flow, it usually underestimates the void fraction. Since slug flow is the most common in producing wells, this leads to the pressure drop being overestimated significantly, that can be proved comparing computational results to the experimental data and mechanistic models. Small gas bubbles in liquid slugs should be taken into account to predict liquid holdup for slug flow more accurately. Gas in slug body is considered by adding a proper term to the void fraction expression. This term is based on correlation for liquid holdup in slug body. The model was evaluated using Rosneft field data and TUFFP databank. Evaluation of the model was made in comparison with three other mechanistic models for multiphase flow
Occupational Exposure Hazards Related to the Use of Drilling Fluids Presented with Remedial Risk Management Guidelines
Authors: James R. , Nistov A. , Smulders C. , Walker K. , Schei T. , Leblond N. , Sopko M. , Fonneland T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The occupational exposure risk of chemicals to personnel during well construction operations is managed and controlled. The control of exposure of personnel to chemicals during well construction operations has not always been given the same focus as environmental issues. To some extent the reduction of environmental risks has also resulted in reduced health and safety risks. The containment of fluids for disposal, rather than immediate discharge may increase occupational exposure. It is important to conduct comprehensive risk assessments of drilling fluid systems that consider health, environmental and safety issues.
A significant quantity of the chemicals supplied to the well site are used during drilling operations. As a result, drilling operations give rise to the greatest occupational exposure to drilling fluids. In this paper the general background of drilling fluids and the various categories of base fluids and additives in use today are discussed. The paper examines trends in use, human exposure, best practices in fluid use, monitoring of health hazards and effects, and recommends some risk reduction measures.
What to do when People Deliberately Violate Safety Rules
Authors: Veley Carl 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
One of a manager’s most difficult activities occurs when his or her subordinates know exactly what behavior is expected of them, fully understand the reasons behind that expectation, and nevertheless deliberately do something else. The chances are that the manager has to deal with a group norm.
A quick search of Internet resources will produce many thousands of links to scholarly discussions of group norms and associated phenomena, but busy managers may not be interested in such academic pursuits. They just want a simple method of dealing with a group of employees who routinely and knowingly take shortcuts, skip contingency planning, ignore PPE requirements, or otherwise deliberately violate safety rules.
One method of dealing with group norm problems is to hold a norm-changing meeting. This method does not require advanced education in the human behavior sciences, but it does require the manager to understand a few basic points about how people react when their way of doing things is challenged.
This paper presents a step-by-step example of a typical norm-changing meeting. People seeking an in-depth understanding will want to research the subject further, but the information given here should be enough for an average manager to utilize the methodology.
The author has had occasion to apply this technique by facilitating norm-changing meetings in North and South America, Europe, Africa, and Asia and has so far found it applicable in all cultures.
Logging While Drilling Measurements: From Correlation to Evaluation
Authors: Tollefsen Ed , Weber Amanda , Kramer Aron , Sirkin Gerald , Hartman Don , Grant Lisa 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Since their origin in 1912, wireline-conveyed logging tools have firmly established themselves as the industry preferred tools and often the only accepted formation evaluation method. Since its inception over 25 years ago, Logging While Drilling (LWD) formation evaluation measurements have been often viewed as correlation only. This "correlation stigma" is caused by a number of factors including a lack of accounting for environmental effects, formation changes, and evolving tool capabilities. These issues are compounded by low resolution and sparse real-time data resulting from transmission rates that have been as low as 1/2 bit per second (bps).
This paper will review the fundamental differences in LWD and wireline conveyed measurements. It addresses the environmental corrections being applied to LWD measurements by the industry today; the positive effects that new drilling technology can have on the logging environment; the changes to the formation that occur between drilling with LWD tools and wireline evaluation; the advancements in real-time capabilities; the evolution of LWD tools that enable real-time formation evaluation; and the need to develop physical measurements in LWD.
Better understanding of these areas will allow direct well-to-well comparisons regardless of the method of conveyance of the formation evaluation measurements and will enable operators to make more informed decisions as to which technology applies best for each well environment.
Guidelines to Evaluate Oil Spill Contingency Plan Adequacy, Response Competency, and Sustained Readiness
Authors: Owens E. H. , Taylor E. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The ability to respond effectively and efficiently to an oil spill depends on good planning and preparedness. A number of guidelines and recommendations have been developed to assist with plan and strategy development, equipment suitability, and training procedures but there are no internationally recognized standards against which readiness can be evaluated. Such standards and the procedures by which competency are evaluated generally exist in countries with a well developed regulatory environment. For many projects the instigation and maintenance of an appropriate level of oil spill response (OSR) readiness in line with best international practice is the responsibility of the operator or owner of the project. Guidelines are presented to evaluate competency and effectiveness in: (1) the Planning Phase, during which objectives and strategies are developed and response resources are identified; (2) the Implementation Phase, in which the various different management and operational components are acquired, assembled, and trained; and (3) the Sustained Readiness Phase, that continues through the life of the project as standards are maintained, monitored, and improvements are introduced. Three response readiness elements common to the three project phases are (i) management, (ii) operation, and (iii) evaluation. Each of these elements is as important as the others and a deficiency in one affects the overall adequacy of the response system as a whole. The evaluation tools used in each phase include matrices and checklists for oil spill response plans (OSRPs) and related documents, performance assessment of drills and exercises to test the implementation of the plans and proposed strategies, and monitoring for sustained management and operational readiness.
Corporate Personal Health Management
Authors: Banon A. S. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The lifestyle related disorders are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in Malaysia. The development of these diseases such as ischaemic heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes is significantly attributed by unhealthy lifestyles. The shift from traditional infectious diseases to these `modern diseases’ is mainly caused by changes in lifestyle patterns and increase in the aging population in Malaysia.
Smoking, lack of exercise and fast food are now becoming very much a part of our culture. Many workers are obese and medically unfit and they impose a huge burden on company’s annual budget. Apart from promoting a healthy lifestyle at the national level, a systematic approach to managing this issue must be done at the industry level. An integrated medical programme using a `Therapeutic Lifestyles Changes (TLC)’ strategy has been designed to alleviate this issue. The objective of this programme is to reduce the identified risks by monitoring the progress and effectiveness of intervention parameters and to manage them accordingly once the deranged intervention parameters are identified. Emphasis is given on the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle comprising a healthy diet, weight control and increased physical activity. The programme is conducted by a team of expert in various disciplines like occupational health physician, dietician and fitness instructor.
The overall risk of cardiovascular disease and its co-morbidities is very alarming. It is hoped that the Corporate Personal Health Management Programme can benefit the participants.
Occupational Health Aspects of Emergency Preparedness and Response
Authors: Jones D. S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper outlines some general principles of emergency preparedness and response that are relevant to occupational health. This is followed by a brief summary of what ‘occupational health’ means. It then discusses occupational health aspects of emergency preparedness and response from two perspectives; firstly, when occupational health supports the impacted business line, and secondly, when occupational health itself might be affected by an emergency and needs to address its own business continuity.
Utilising E-Medicine in Remote Location
Authors: Nicosia Vincenzo , Mika Frano , De Sanctis Sabatino , Lesma Alessandro , Consentino Massimo 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Saipem is one of the biggest contractor company in Oil and Gas industry. Within it’s organisation, and as part of the QHSE, Saipem has developed an in-house medical department, whose main objective, apart the management of medical emergencies, is prevention, health protection and promotion. In order to make these principals available and applicable at all 119 working site scattered world wide Saipem decided to initiate and develop the implementation of e-medicine in its daily operations. The aim of Saipem’s e-medicine project is to provide assistance to physicians working in remote areas, where medical equipment is often the basic one and the local health care system is mostly rudimentary. Groups like Saipem have a very high percentage of International employees working in foreign countries, as well as local staff. In sites like offshore drilling platforms or desert production fields, it is often difficult to manage health care needs and prevention. Local surveys are carried out before any operations in a new region begin, in order to evaluate: 1) Local medical – epidemiological issues with data relating to the morbidity and mortality of the main endemic pathologies. 2) geographical and environmental risk factors. 3) Risk factors related to the operational activities. 4) Hygiene conditions in the workplace, accommodation, recreational areas, canteen, stores and warehouses. 5) Supply, conservation and distribution of food and water. 6) Waste disposal. 7) Availability, accessibility, effectiveness, quality and reliability of local medical facilities and local doctors. 8) Management of medical emergencies and medical evacuations. 9) Impact and effect of industrial activities on the health of local community.
Saipem ensure healthcare and medical assistance to its workforce by means of agreements with local health facilities responding to the Corporate’s Minimum Standards of quality, partnership with International Companies operating in the same area and in – house setting and running its own health programs and its own medical facilities.
Development of Globally Accepted Standards for Emergency Medical Response Systems
Authors: Luppen Kevin 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The search for energy resources in more remote areas of the world has created significant challenges to provide adequate and appropriate emergency medical services as inherent high risks require a timely response. A major incident could lead to mass casualties and in a location with a poor or inaccessible health infrastructure chances of survival are seriously diminished. Business, project and HSE managers are under significant time and cost pressures, and without guidelines, may choose an inefficient or inappropriate delivery model. Without consistent competence and resource expectations in medical delivery systems across the world, project planning becomes very difficult and the risks for poor medical outcomes increase. Guidelines providing a practicable model assist in achieving compliance with global standards and assurance that risks are adequately managed.
You Can't Get the Staff These Days!
Authors: Greenwood Bob 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The stereotypical white male middle-class board serves most companies at a time when nearly all significant businesses face intense competition.
Are boards really changing for the better? The evidence is only moderately encouraging. Too many boards remain staffed by men of similar education, career paths and social tribe.
There are sound commercial reasons for promoting diversity in the boardroom. Not least of these is the fact that organisations reflect their boards.
The Oil & Gas industry is far from embracing and utilising difference in its widest sense. The temptation to recruit known and trusted people remains strong.
As the UK's leading Headhunter, Odgers see too few organisations positively seeking people from outside the sector.
The most forward-looking organisations are those that not only recognise the changing demographic trends and availability of skills, but also understand benefits to be gained in employing a more diverse workforce. Odgers advise our clients on how valuing diversity emphasises inclusion and mutual respect and makes business sense, and we help broaden the candidate pool.
This has many advantages.
Professionals hired from other industries bring a different mindset and often introduce other best practices which add significant value to a workforce.
Candidates from outwith the Oil & Gas sector are often easier to attract because their remuneration packages are frequently smaller. They are therefore easier to attract, motivate and retain.
Odgers will present success stories from across our business, including Oil & Gas, and other Private and Public Sector clients, to illustrate the benefits of such an approach. Odgers will show how organisations have successfully embraced diversity to measurable benefit.
We will also explain our success in the demystification of the Oil & Gas industry when attracting non sector candidates, and how challenging the Industry mindset influences ‘Management’ into being more receptive to a diverse workforce.
Combining Expandable and Intelligent Completions To Deliver a Selective Multizone Sandface Completion, Subsea Nigeria
Authors: Innes Gareth , Lacy Rodger , Neumann Juergen , Guinot Frederic 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
In order to comply with local regulation, production volumes from each reservoir in the Okowri field offshore Nigeria, must be identifiable. Addax Petroleum's strategy for their Okwori subsea field development project was to produce a number of stacked reservoirs in each of the wells, using selective completions to facilitate testing and fingerprinting of individual zones.
Due to the unconsolidated nature of the reservoir, downhole sand control was required for all wells. A technical study of all available technology at the time of design showed that expandable sand screen deployed inside the casedhole could deliver the combination of reservoir zonal isolation and internal diameter for integration with selective downhole control flow valves and isolation packer. This combination of expandable and intelligent completion technologies was an industry first.
The initial completion design was based on casing and cementing the entire productive interval prior to perforating each of the target reservoir sands. Expandable sand screens [ESS®] were then placed across each interval spaced out with blank pipe. Isolation packers were set within the string to provide zonal isolation. Following installation of the sandface completion, downhole flow control valves were run through the expanded sand screens and the producing interval isolated, with packers set in the blank pipe run between the sections of expandable sand screen. This completion configuration delivered zonal isolation and surface control over each zone, facilitating selective production and fingerprinting.
This paper describes the initial casedhole completion design, systems installation and subsequent performance as well as the engineering and project management that are required in order to deliver this combination new technology system. Further, the paper will also discuss how the original completion design has evolved with the introduction of the latest openhole zonal isolation devices to deliver a true openhole sandface completion with intelligent selectivity.
The CFD Approach for the Risk Analysis of a Blowout Event
Authors: Borello Lorenzo , Bonuccelli Michele , Morale Gianni 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The uncontrolled blow-out of a well is one of the most critical accidents that can occur during both exploration and exploitation of hydrocarbon fields. Significant HSE issues are associated to this event that introduces safety risks for field operators, potential health injury for the population and impacts on the environment.
Blowouts need to be evaluated through specific models: commercial packages may lead to a non-exhaustive analysis and underestimate the effects. Some phenomena that occur during a blow-out event are not sufficiently treated in literature, so that experimental or CFD investigations are sometime necessary to allow an exhaustive analysis and the expansion of a specific database, useful to develop and validate simplified models. ENI E&P has been carrying out a specific R&D project since 1998.
This paper describes some blow-out jet simulations, and the associated methodology, carried out applying the CFD approach. The jet development into atmosphere affects strongly the cloud evolution, in terms of shape and concentration, and then the flammable/toxic gas dispersion as well as heat radiation.
Different release conditions have been analyzed:
horizontal and vertical jet, both ignited and unignited; free and restrained jet; heavy and neutral gas dispersion.
Jet direction has a strong effect on cloud formation and dispersion: for example if a horizontal jet take place near the ground, it can remain glued on it (KOANDA effect), resulting in high concentration. This phenomena take place also in case of ignited jet: the flame remains glued to the ground, resulting in high temperature and radiation level. Moreover, totally restrained jet could generate a heavy-gas cloud, resulting in high concentration in the near-field. In this case, the cloud formation happens in different consequent stages, and a transition analysis is necessary to reproduce the event correctly, in terms of risk area evaluation.
Electromagnetic Prospect Scanning—Seabed Logging Moves from Risk Reduction to Value Creation
Authors: Lindom B. P. , Lie J. E. , Ridyard D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Seabed logging is an emerging technology that measures subsurface resistivity prior to drilling. The technique has been commercially available for over 5 years, and has been proven to reduce drilling risk in many offshore geologic environments.
Electromagnetic scanning is a new application of this proven technology. Sparse spatial sampling and wide azimuth geometry can be used to apply seabed logging to find and accelerate delivery of new prospects in frontier areas.
In this paper, we evaluate the costs and benefits of various geometries and show results from the Campos basin in Brasil.