bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A NEW SPECIES OF LYCORIELLA FREY (DIPTERA: SCIARIDAE) INFESTING CULTIVATED MUSHROOMS IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: Loudon B. J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Lycoriella agarici sp. n. from mushroom cultivation is described and figured. It is closely related to L. auripila (Winnertz), a pest of mushrooms in the United Kingdom, but can be distinguished therefrom by several morphological features. The taxonomy of L. agarici and the auripila species‐group is discussed.
A NEW SPECIES OF COORILLA DUNNET AND MARDON (SIPHONAPTERA: ISCHNOPSYLLIDAE) WITH RECORDS OF OTHER FLEAS FROM QUEENSLAND
Authors: Mardon D. K. , Allison F. R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract C. similis sp. n., a flea from small molossid bats of the genus Tadarida Rafinesque, is the second species to be described in the endemic Australian genus Coorilla. Records are given of 18 other species of fleas from Queensland, including some significant extensions in known range.
SWARMING, MATING and RESTING BEHAVIOUR OF THREE SPECIES OF BLACK FLY (DIPTERA: SIMULIIDAE)
Authors: HUNTER D. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe swarming behaviour of three species of Simuliidae in southern Queensland is described.Adult Austrosimuliumpestilens swarmed at, and rested on, trees over 1 m tall beside rivers. Males always flew close together in swarms within a zone 50 cm above or beside the upper branches of short trees, extending up to 2‐3 m in the case of taller trees. Of the three species studied, only A. pestilens males would orientate to artificial objects. Females were common in swarms early in fly outbreaks, when mating was often observed.Adult Simulium nicholsoni swarmed at trees over 2.S m tall beside rivers, at ridges or on hills. The swarms were either small and compact, when occurring below branch tips, or larger and more diffuse when orientated to larger parts of a tree. Females were rarely caught in these swarms.Adult S. ornatipes swarmed at trees over 3 m tall on rises, ridges or hilltops. Swarms resembled those of S. nicholsoni in behaviour and in female scarcity, though mating was observed once.
THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ABANTIADES LATIPENNIS (LEPIDOPTERA, FAMILY HEPIALIDAE) AND EUCALYPTUS OBLIQUA AND EUCALYPTUS REGNANS IN TASMANIA
Authors: KILE G. A. , HARDY R. J. , TURNBULL C. R. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractLarvae of Abantiades latipennis Tindale fed on callus tissue formed within lesions on the roots of two to eight year old saplings of Eucalyptus regnans F. von Mueller and E. obliqua L'Heritier in southern Tasmania. Larval feeding lesions occurred on all parts of the root system, although the majority were located on lateral roots. Roots of the larger more vigorous trees had the greatest number. Lesions could serve as infection courts for root‐rot fungi such as Armillaria sp. In the field, larvae constructed and occupied a near vertical but simple tunnel system which was associated with the host roots. The subterranean phase of the life cycle probably takes at least 18 months. The tachinid Rutilotrixa diversa Paramonov was identified as a larval parasite. Damage by A. latipennis and secondary root‐rot organisms may limit the development of some trees in fast growing even‐aged sapling stands. Large scale forest harvesting could favour an increased population of this species.
MOSAIC DOMINANCE IN THE INHERITANCE OF THE COLOUR PATTERNS OF COELOPHORA INAEQUALIS (F.) (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Houston K. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCrosses were made between six forms of Coelophora inaequalis (F.) from the Brisbane area: nine‐spotted, elongated stripe, normal, black, five‐spotted and broken stripe. It was established that the inheritance of colour patterns in C. inaequalis is governed by mosaic dominance. These six forms are governed by four alleles with a dominance order of nine‐spotted normal black, elongated stripe black, while the elongated stripe and nine‐spotted alleles and the elongated stripe and normal alleles are co‐dominant and produce the five‐spotted and broken stripe forms respectively.Examination of types confirmed the synonomy of Coccinella noxempunctata F. Coccinella religiosa Lea. Coelophora mastersi Blackburn, Coelophora ripponi Crotch and Coelophora veranioides Blackburn with Coelophora inaequalis. Lemnia desolala Mulsant is shown to be another synonym of Coelophora inaequalis.
CULICOIDES RADICITUS DELFINADO: A SYNONYM OF CULICOIDES BREV1TARSIS KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE)
Authors: DYCE A. L. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Culicoides radieitus Delfinado, 1961 is a synonym of Culicoides brevitarsis, Kieffer 1917.
SURVEY OF INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN PLODIA INTERPUNCTELLA (HUBNER), EPHESTIA CAUTELLA (WALKER) AND E. KUEHN1ELLA ZELLER (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE) IN NEW SOUTH WALES
Authors: ATTIA F. I. , SHIPP E. , SHANAHAN G. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA survey is reported of resistance to DDT, dieldrin, fenitrothion and malathion in last instar larvae from cultures of Pladia interpunctella (Hübner), Ephestia cautella (Walker) and E. kuehniella Zeller, established from samples collected in New South Wales, 1974‐1977. Resistance to DDT and dieldrin was detected in most samples. Resistance to malathion was widely distributed in P. interpunctella and E. cautella. Fenitrothion resistance in these species was not as widespread as the former resistance. Malathion resistance was diagnosed in E. kuehniella but further sampling is required to show its distribution. Fenitrothion resistance was not diagnosed in larvae of this species.Pre‐treatment of larvae with triphenyl phosphate was found to be a useful indicator of the type of malathion resistance present.
THE GENUS DACUS FABRICIUS (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)–TWO NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA AND A DISCUSSION OF SOME SUBGENERA
Authors: DREW R. A. I. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractTwo new species, Dacus (Bactrocera) allwoodi and Dacus (Didacus) hardyi, are described and figured. Subgenera Dacus Fabricius, Didacus Collart and Polistomimetes Enderlein (=Daculus Speiser syn. n.) are defined. Dacus (Dacus) armatus Fabricius, the type‐species of subgenus Dacus, Dacus (Polistomimetes) minax (Enderlein), the type‐species of subgenus Polistomimetes, are described and figured from their type specimens.
NEW DERMANYSSID MITES FROM THE EAR CANAL OF AUSTRALIAN DASYURID MARSUPIALS
Authors: Domrow Robert 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Rhodacantha gen. n. is closely related to Mesolaelaps Hirst; it is raised for two new species (R. nelsoni and R. tenax) from Antechinus swainsonii (Waterhouse) and Sminthopsis leucopus (Gray), respectively.
A NOTE ON LABORATORY CULTURE AND MAINTENANCE OF HETEROBOSTRYCHUS AEQUALIS (WATERHOUSE) (COLEOPTERA: BOSTRYCHIDAE)
Authors: CREFFIELD J. W. , HOWICK C. D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDetails of a technique used for culture and maintenance of the exotic wood borer Heterobostrychus aequalis are discussed. In view of a possible future need to determine the susceptibility of Australian timbers to this insect, cultures of H. aequalis were bred and maintained in the laboratory to assess whether adults could be produced in sufficient numbers for bioassay studies.
NEW AUSTRALIAN MELOLONTHINAE (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAE1DAE)
Authors: BRITTON E. B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractExostethus brunneus gen. et sp. n. (tribe Xylonychini) is described and a new key to the six genera of Xylonychini is provided. The following new synonymies are established: Chariochilus Brenske, 1898 =Lepidostethaspis Arrow, 1924 Chariochilus costipennis Moser, 1908 =Lepidostethaspis squamosus (Lea, 1919). Antitrogus setifrons sp. n. (tribe Melolonthini) is described.
A NEW GENUS, ACRODIPSAS, FOR A GROUP OF LYCAENIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA) PREVIOUSLY REFERRED TO PSEUDODIPSAS C. AND R. FELDER, WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF TWO NEW SPECIES FROM NORTHERN QUEENSLAND
Authors: Sands D. P. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAcrodipsas gen. n. is proposed for seven species of Lycaenidae from eastern Australia, including A. melania and A. hirtipes spp. n. Keys to the genera Pseudodipsas C. & R. Felder, Paralucia Waterhouse and Turner, and Lucia Swainson and to the species of Acrodipsas are presented. The male genitalia of all species of Acrodipsas are described and figured.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DISTRIBUTIONS OF EGGS AND LARVAE OF THE BANANA SCAB MOTH, NACOLEIA OCTASEMA (MEYRICK) (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), ON THE BANANA PLANT AND THE PROBLEM OF INSECTICIDAL CONTROL
Authors: FRANZMANN B. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe spatial and temporal distributions of the egg and larva of Nacoleia octasema (Meyrick) in relation to the banana bunch were studied in north Queensland. The preferred oviposition site is dependent on the stage of inflorescence development; in early stages of bunching the pseudostem and leaf petioles are preferred whereas later the spade leaf and bracts are preferred. The development of larvae is positively related to the development of the bunch. The difficulty of obtaining insecticidal control is discussed in relation to these distribution patterns.
STUDIES ON THE DIFFERENTIATION AND GROWTH OF THE PRETARSUS IN TRICHOLIOPROCTIA IMPATIENS (WALKER) (DIPTERA: SARCOPHAGIDAE)
Authors: CARRUTHERS G. , ROBERTS B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe morphology of the developing pretarsus of Tricholioproctia impatiens was observed throughout pharate development. The imaginal discs were fully everted at 40‐42 h, as timed from the white prepupal stage (0 h) and pupal‐adult apolysis occurred at 52‐56 h. The tissues then differentiated to form the pretarsus; the definitive size and shape of the pulvilli and claws being attained by 144 h. Volumes of the dorsal polytene nuclei increased with the development of the adult pulvillus, reached an asymptote at 144 h and remained constant during the secretion of the dorsal cuticle. Nuclear volumes of the polytene cells declined dramatically towards the end of pharate development. In all cases the volumes of nuclei from the outside of the pulvillus were significantly larger than those of the inner nuclei. The growth and differentiation of the three thoracic pretarsi proceeded at different rates and it was shown that at most times nuclear volumes from pro‐ and mesothoracic pulvilli were significantly different to the volume of nuclei from metathoracic pulvilli. The implications of these findings in relation to cytochemical studies utilizing the large dorsal polytene nuclei are discussed.
INTEGRATED PEST CONTROL IN VICTORIAN PEACH ORCHARDS: THE ROLE OF STETHORUS SPP. (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)
Authors: Field R. P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe importance of Stethorus spp. in controlling Tetranychus urticae Koch, was studied over three seasons in peach orchards in the Goulburn Valley, Victoria. In the early maturing cultivar (Riley), Stethorus spp. reduced the need for acaricide applications when less insecticide was used for the control of Cydia molesta Busck. Three species of Stethorus occurred, S. vagans Blackburn being the most abundant. No insecticide was required for the control of C. molesta between mid‐October and early January provided adequate spraying was carried out in early spring and just before harvest.
THE PLATYCEPHALUS GROUP OF THE GENUS RHABDEPYRIS KIEFFER (HYMENOPTERA: BETHYLIDAE: EPYR1NAE)
Authors: Evans Howard E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe three species of the piatycephalus group of the genus Rhabdepyris are reviewed. R. platycephalus (Westwood) is redescribed, with R. spinosimanus Kieffer and R. australiensis Kieffer as new synonyms. Two are described as new: R. perpulcher and R. peregrinus. All three species occur throughout much of mainland Australia.
THE USE OF GENETIC MARKERS TO DEMONSTRATE THE ABILITY OF FIELD POPULATIONS OF LUCILIA CUPRINA DORSALIS R.‐D. (DIPTERA: CALLIPHORIDAE) TO OVERWINTER IN SOUTH EASTERN AUSTRALIA.
Authors: FOSTER G. G. , HELMAN R. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA technique involving the genetic labelling of field populations of Lucilia cuprina dorsalis R.‐D. has been used to demonstrate the ability of this pest to overwinter in subalpine regions of south eastern Australia. The implications of this finding on the choice of strategies for genetic control of this pest are discussed.
THE IDENTITIES OF TERMES AUSTRAUS WALKER AND TERMES FUMIPENNIS WALKER (ISOPTERA)
Authors: Watson J. A. L. , Gay F. J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Termes australis Walker is a senior synonym of Eutermes exitiosus Hill, the well‐known species now called Nasutitermes exitiosus (Hill); a proposal has been put to the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature to have Walker's name suppressed. Termes fumipennis Walker is a species not of Nasutitermes Dudley, as had been claimed, but of Coptotermes Wasmann, seemingly not Australian.
A NEW SPECIES OF THE CORACINA GROUP, GENUS DROSOPHILA FALLEN (DIPTERA: DROSOPHILIDAE)
Authors: Bock Ian R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Drosophila (Scaptodrosophila) ellenae sp. n. is described from Jabiru, Northern Territory. It is a member of the coracina species‐group, which now includes the Japanese D. coracina Kikkawa and Peng and nine other Australian species. A key to the Australian species of the group is provided.
INFLUENCE OF SOIL MOISTURE ON ROOT FEEDING AND GROWTH RATE OF SERICESTHIS NIG RO LIN EAT A LARVAE (SCARABAEIDAE: COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Smith* T. J. Ridsdill , Porter M. R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGrowth and feeding by third‐instar larvae of Sericesthis nigrolineata (Scarabaeidae: Coleoptera) were compared in wet soil and dry soil in the presence and absence of perennial ryegrass plants under laboratory conditions. Larval feeding rate was similar in wet and dry soil in the presence of plants and in wet soil in their absence, but was reduced in dry soil when roots were not available. Larvae gained weight over 42 days in both wet and dry soils in the presence of plants and maintained their initial weight in wet soil and lost weight in dry soil in the absence of plants.
A REVISION OF THE TERMITOPHILOUS AUSTRALIAN GENUS LEAIOPRIA DODD (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA: DIAPRIIDAE)
Authors: Naumann I. D. , Masner L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe genus Leaiopria is redefined. The type‐species, L. termitarii Dodd, is redescribed and illustrated, and L. wildi sp. n, associated with a termite, Nasutitermes dixoni (Hill), is described from Victoria. A key to the two known species and biological notes on the genus are given. The higher classification of Leaiopria is discussed and the genus compared with Ethiopian and Oriental genera of termitophilous Diapriidae known to the authors.
NEW SPECIES AND RECORDS OF QUASIHESMA EXLEY (HYMENOPTERA: APOIDEA: EURYGLOSSINAE)
Authors: Exley Elizabeth M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTFive new species of the Australian genus Quasihesma are described: Q. melanognatha, Q. walkeri, Q. clypearis, Q. tuberculata and Q. seapata. A distribution map and a key to the 10 species in the genus, both based on males, are presented.
PRODUCTION OF DIAPAUSE EGGS BY THE AUSTRALIAN PLAGUE LOCUST AFTER MIGRATION
Authors: Hunter D. M. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACTPlague locusts, Chortoicetes terminifera (Walker), that emigrated from Longreach to Cunnamulla, Queensland, produced non‐diapause eggs. Those that emigrated further to Tottenham, N.S.W. produced diapause eggs within 7 days indicating that diapause induction is rapid and can occur in fully grown adults.
NEW RECORDS OF DACUS (AUSTRODACUS) CUCUMIS FRENCH FROM THE NORTHERN TERRITORY, AUSTRALIA (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE)
Authors: Fitt Gary P. 
Published: April 2007

ABSTRACT Dacus cucumis, a pest of cucurbits throughout coastal areas of Queensland, has been recorded only twice in the Northern Territory. Five additional records of this species from four different localities in the Northern Territory are now reported.
PUPAL DEVELOPMENT RATE OF HELIOTHIS ARMIGER (HUBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) UNDER CONSTANT AND ALTERNATING TEMPERATURES.
Authors: Foley D. H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNon‐diapausing and post‐diapausing pupae of Heliothis armiger (Hübner) were subjected to alternating and constant temperatures, and the number of days to adult emergence was recorded. For both kinds of pupae alternating temperatures of wide amplitude accelerated development rate in comparison with the relevant mean constant temperature. Non‐linearity of the developmental velocity curve at temperature extremes is discussed as one possible explanation for acceleration in development. The implication of earlier emergence under fluctuating temperatures is considered in relation to computer models for predicting emergence of H. armiger in the field.
THE RICE MEALYBUG BREVENNIA REHI (LINDINGER) NOW RECORDED FROM AUSTRALIA AND PAPUA NEW GUINEA (HEMIPTERA: COCCOIDEA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE).
Authors: Williams D. J. , Radunz L. A. J. , Brookes H. M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Brevennia rehi (Lindinger) is recorded for the first time in Australia and Papua New Guinea on grasses, but must be regarded as a possible pest of rice and sorghum in these countries because it is known to attack these crops in the Indian region.
BAITS FOR AGGREGATING LARGE NUMBERS OF SUBTERRANEAN TERMITES
Authors: French J. R. J. , Robinson P. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractArtificial baits consisting of wetted toilet rolls packed in steel drums with detachable lids, and with several small holes in the base of each drum to allow the entry of subterranean termites, were buried to about a quarter of their depth in the soil. These baits proved effective in attracting large numbers of non‐mound building termites in the area, namely Heterotermes ferox (Froggatt), Coptotermes frenchi Hill and C. acinaciformis (Froggatt) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae).
TWO NEW GENERA OF LYGAEIDAE FROM NORTHERN AUSTRALIA INCLUDING THE FIRST MEMBER OF THE PAMPHANTINI FROM THE EASTERN HEMISPHERE (HEMIPTERA: HETEROPTERA)
Authors: Slater* James A. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Austropamphantus woodwardi and Woodwardothignus gracilis are described as new genera and new species from northern Queensland. Austropamphantus is the first member of the tribe Pamphantini (subfamily Bledionotinae) from the Eastern Hemisphere. Its relationships are discussed, and the insect in dorsal view, and the spermatheca and the abdomen in dorsal and lateral views figured. A world checklist of Bledionotinae is included. Woodwardothignus is a new genus in the Heterogastrinae. Its relationships are discussed, including its apparent African affinities. The dorsal view and dorsal and ventral views of the abdomen, parameres and phallus are figured. Comments are included on previous generic keys to the Heterogastrinae.
A REVIEW OF THE NEW GUINEAN GENERA PARAKANCHIA BETHUNE‐BAKER AND SOREVTONEURA COLLENETTE (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Mackey A. P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe genera Parakanchia and Soreutoneura are endemic to New Guinea. Three species of Parakanchia [P. irregularis (Bethune‐Baker), P. cyclops Collenette and P. opaca Collenette] and one of Soreutoneura (S. daedala Collenette) are recognised. The genitalia of the known material are figured for the first time, Parakanchia is redescribed and variability in the venation is examined. The status of Soreutoneura is discussed.
PUPAL SURVIVAL OF TWO NORTHERN AUSTRALIAN TEPHRITID SPECIES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO SOIL CONDITIONS
Authors: Fitt* Gary P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe capacity for survival of the pupae of 2 species of fruit fly, D. opiliae Drew and Hardy and D. tenuifascia (May), was compared in varying soil conditions over a 14 month period covering the major climatic seasons in the Northern Territory. Dacus tenuifascia pupae demonstrated a significantly higher survival than D. opiliae pupae in shaded, dry soil but in unshaded dry soil, where temperatures were very high, neither species survived well. During wet months when soil moisture increased considerably, survival of the two species was of the same order whether in shaded or unshaded situations. Survival was directly correlated with soil moisture but soil temperatures were clearly important in some exposed situations.
RECENT CHANGES IN THE NOMENCLATURE OF ENTOMOPHTHORAN PATHOGENS (FUNGI: PHYCOMYCETES) OF APHIDS
Authors: Milner R. J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA recent major taxonomic revision of the genus Entomophthora has resulted in a redefinition of that genus, and the transfer of most of the species to 4 other genera. The taxonomy of the ‘E. aphidis’ group of aphid pathogens is clarified.
THE EFFECT OF CONSTANT TEMPERATURES ON THE DEVELOPMENT TIME OF EGGS OF HELIOTHIS ARMIGER (HÜBNER) (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Kay I. R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe development times of Heliothis armiger eggs were determined over a range of constant temperatures from 8.0°C to 39.4°C, and ranged from 443.5 h at 13.3°C to 48.8 h at 35.0°C. Using thermal summation, a development threshold temperature of 11.7°C and a thermal constant of 1039.4 deg h were calculated. The data were also fitted to Davidson's and Pradhan's formulae.
THE RESPONSES OF FRUIT FLY SPECIES (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN AUSTRALIA TO VARIOUS ATTRACT ANTS
Authors: Drew R. A. I. , Hooper G. H. S. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSpecimens of Dacinae were collected in traps containing male attractants in Queensland and the Northern Territory. The resulting species‐attractant records are given for 55 species–39 of which responded to cue‐lure and 16 to methyl eugenol. No species responded to trimedlure. Five species which did not respond to male attractants were captured at liquid food lures. Comparative responses to attractants by 7 species were studied in held cage experiments.Twenty‐three of the known Australian species did not respond to male attractants. No species was attracted to both cue‐lure and methyl eugenol. Closely related species within species complexes responded to the same attractant. The attractant responses of species within the supra specific groups corresponded with the conclusions from a previous South Pacific study (Drew 1974).
A NEW AUSTRALIAN GENUS OF KEROPLATIDAE WITH PECTINATE ANTENNAE (DIPTERA: MYCETOPHILOIDEA)
Authors: Matile* Loïc 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe first Australian keroplatid with pectinate antennae, Tamborinea commoni gen. etsp. n., is described. Its phylogenetic relationships are discussed and Tamborinea is suggested as the sister‐group of Nicholsonomyia Tonnoir.
ESTIMATING ABUNDANCE OF THE APHID APHIS EUGENIAE VAN DER GOOT ON GLOCHIDION FERDINANDI (MUELL. ARG.) (EUPHOR‐BIACEAE), USING A SUBJECTIVE AND A BIOMASS METHOD
Authors: Anderson J. M. E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAbundance of the aphid Aphis eugeniae was traced regularly for 3 years on the perennial Glochidion ferdinandi, in a reserve near Sydney. Abundance was estimated concurrently by 2 simple methods: a subjective and a biomass method, which were compared. Data from both methods were statistically correlated.
CRYPTORYCTES MINCHAMI SP. N. AND NOTES ON OTHER CRYPTORYCTES SPP. (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE: DYNASTINAE)
Authors: Carne P. B. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Cryptorycles minchami sp. n. is described from specimens of both sexes taken at the summit of Mt Serle in the North Flinders Ranges of South Australia. Additional locality data are given for Cryptorycles brittoni Carne, C. nigripennis (Lea), C. pimbus Carne, C. psilus Carne, C. tectus (Blackburn) and C. trifidus (Blackburn). The hitherto unknown female of C. nigripennis is described.
THE DURATION AND NUMBER OF THE IMMATURE STAGES OF CODLING MOTH CYDIA POMONELLA (L.) (TORTRICIDAE: LEPIDOPTERA)
Authors: Williams D. G. , McDonald G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe developmental rates of the immature stages of Cydia pomonella were determined at 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C, and the various instars were distinguished using head capsule measurements. There were 5 distinct instars at 20, 25 and 30 °C and possibly more at 35 °C. Rate of development increased with temperature up to 30 ° but declined at 35 °C. There was considerable variation in the developmental period due to the effects of temperature, apple variety and intrinsic differences.