bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The relationship between leader‐member exchange and outcomes as rated by leaders and followers
Authors: Schyns Birgit , Wolfram Hans‐Joachim 
Published: September 2008

PurposeLeader‐member exchange (LMX) is positively related to outcome criteria in many studies. In most of these studies, these correlations were obtained using solely follower‐rated LMX. This paper aims to include both follower and leader ratings of LMX and to address the question of the extent to which these are related to a variety of outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted a questionnaire study among a sample of employees and their supervisors in banks and insurances.FindingsIt was found that follower‐rated LMX is related to followers' attitudes and followers' well‐being whereas leader‐rated LMX is related to the performance of the group.Research limitations/implicationsA common source bias could be assumed from the results, as only data stemming from the same source (leader versus follower) are significantly related. On the other hand, it could also be assumed that LMX is related to followers' attitudes and well‐being in a different way than it is related to performance, perhaps because the two parties involved in LMX may consider different outcomes to be important for their mutual relationship.Practical implicationsFor followers, LMX may “need” a kind of support that leads to positive attitudes and well‐being, whereas for the leader, performance is a part of LMX. This differentiated conception can also be found in literature dealing with other dyadic leadership approaches.Originality/valueThe study sheds light on the different relationships that follower‐ and leader‐rated LMX has on other concepts. It is one of the few studies that comprise both follower and leader ratings of LMX.
The internationalization process in companies located at the borders of emerging and developed countries
Authors: Reiner Gerald , Demeter Krisztina , Poiger Martin , Jenei István 
Published: September 2008

PurposeDespite geographical proximity, major economic differences exist between Western European countries and the formerly socialist Eastern European countries. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of internationalization decision processes in this specific context.Design/methodology/approachBy means of multiple case study research, six Austrian and five Hungarian companies in order to extend and refine existing theory on internationalization decisions given the current situation in Central Europe are analyzed. In particular, the paper uses extant literature to build a conceptual framework from which we derive propositions as a basis and a guide for data collection and analysis.FindingsIn addition to cost considerations, process and product innovations are becoming increasingly important dimensions in explaining the reasons for internationalization projects. The reasons for internalization and solutions (relocated products and processes, entry mode and location) are closely interrelated.Originality/valueAlthough this framework for the internationalization decision process is applied in a very specific context, the authors believe that the framework can also be very helpful in understanding these decision processes in a more general setting. In particular, companies in other regions where developed and emerging countries are relatively close to one another might be able to utilize our framework and results (in Asia or America).
Managing the tension between performance measurement and strategy: coping strategies
Authors: Johnston Robert , Pongatichat Panupak 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore an important but relatively uncharted territory: the actual functioning of performance measurement systems (PMS) in their organisational context. The objective of the paper is to document the ways in which managers go about aligning operational measures with their organisation's strategy in practice.Design/methodology/approachThis research adopts an interpretive multiple‐case approach in order to gather rich data on the strategies used in managing operational PMS. Data were collected from detailed interviews with managers and supervisors in four government agencies.FindingsThe expectations were that the operations managers would adjust their performance measures to support the changes in strategy. This was not the case. All the interviewees employed one or more tactics to cope with the tensions between strategy and performance measures. The ten tactics identified are collected into three strategies; do‐nothing strategy, pseudo‐realigning strategy, and distracting strategy.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper casts some doubt on the practice, rather than the principle, of strategy‐aligned performance management. More work needs to be carried out to ascertain how other, both for profit and public sector, organisations deal with these tensions in practice.Practical implicationsFrom a practitioner point of view it raises the question as to whether senior managers are exerting sufficient control over the alignment issue or providing suitable tools, methods or indeed incentives to bring alignment about.Originality/valueThe paper highlights a gap between theory and practice and suggests that the way to ensure implementation of “modern management methods,” might be to deal firstly with the issues of relevance, timeliness, structure, integration, and symmetry.
International growth strategies of service and manufacturing firms
Authors: Kathuria Ravi , Joshi Maheshkumar P. , Dellande Stephanie 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the differences in growth strategies – domestic and international – of manufacturing and service firms. Hardly any literature exists that empirically investigates the differences on account of the distinctive characteristics of goods and services, and such studies rarely draw from the operations management field.Design/methodology/approachMultiple analysis of variance is used to analyze longitudinal data from multiple secondary sources.FindingsMixed services, such as banks, focus more on domestic growth and less on international growth. Manufacturers, such as chemical firms, focus more on international activities as compared to domestic activities. Mixed service firms seem to prefer collaborative approaches, whereas goods producers prefer wholly owned ventures.Research limitations/implicationsThe data collection methodology applied in this study may be applicable to many other topics of operations management. Future researchers may examine internationalization of services from front and back office perspectives, and compare information‐processing, possession‐processing, and people‐processing services in their choices of mode of entry and resultant performance differences.Practical implicationsThe findings are relevant for developing operations strategy, including location alternatives, for both manufacturing and service firms as different nations become a part of the global village. Appropriate modes of entry in an international arena for both service and manufacturing firms are identified.Originality/valueA cross‐functional study that uses longitudinal data from secondary sources in an innovative way with significant implications for operations managers and researchers.
Theory of constraints: a theory for operations management
Authors: Gupta Mahesh C. , Boyd Lynn H. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to suggest that the theory of constraints (TOC) can serve as a general theory in operations management. The paper first investigate linkages between TOC and the core concepts/components of operations management (OM) and show how OM concepts can be integrated with TOC using examples from the published TOC literature. A second important purpose is to show that TOC, as a theory, has properties essential for a good theory.Design/methodology/approachUsing a commonly accepted categorization of operations decisions (process, quality, inventory and capacity), traditional views, and approaches to operations decisions to those inherent in the TOC are compared.FindingsThe paper concludes that the TOC provides approaches to operations decisions that avoid pitfalls of local optimization by reaching across functional boundaries in organizations. In addition, while the TOC appears to meet the criteria of a good theory, it has not been empirically tested for the most part.Originality/valueThe TOC can serve as a unifying theory or theme for operations management, providing new insights for researchers and an organizing principle for teachers.
Are recessions harmful to health after all?
Authors: Economou Athina , Nikolaou Agelike , Theodossiou Ioannis 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of national unemployment rates on overall age and cause‐specific mortality rates in a panel sample of 13 European Union countries.Design/methodology/approachA fixed‐effects model is used to control for unobserved time‐invariant characteristics within countries. In addition, controls such as lifestyle risk factors, urbanisation and medical intervention indicators, for potential confounders are used.FindingsContrary to some recent evidence this study shows that there is a strong, positive relationship between adverse economic conditions and mortality. This is in contrast to findings about the US case.Originality/valueThis paper revisits the issue of the unemployment‐mortality relationship by utilising fixed effect models with controls for various indicators that are expected to affect mortality, in contrast to previous studies.
ISO 9000 certification and technical efficiency of foreign‐financed manufacturing firms in southern China
Authors: Yeung Godfrey , Mok Vincent 
Published: September 2008

PurposeBased on a sample of foreign‐financed manufacturing firms in southern China, the purpose of this paper is to study the effects of ISO certification on productivity.Design/methodology/approachThe paper employs the stochastic frontier approach to estimate frontier efficiency scores at firm level.FindingsThe empirical results suggest that the implementation of ISO was able to improve firms' productivity in the form of a wholly disembodied shift of the production frontier. The results further show that there was a mildly positive embodied shift of the production frontier due to the effects of ISO on the marginal product of labor. However, the embodied effects of ISO on the marginal product of capital were not significant.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample size is small and the data were collected from southern China. A generalization of results to other parts of China should be interpreted with caution. Despite the limited degree of generalization, firms with ISO certifications are suggested to be aware of certain flexibility in the implementation of the ISO documented procedures.Practical implicationsThe findings of the paper should be of general interest to firms seeking or adopting ISO system or other international standards.Originality/valueThe originality of the paper resides in the fact that the empirical work investigates the embodied effects of ISO certification on the marginal product of labor and capital.
Disability and the labour market: a review of the empirical evidence
Authors: Jones Melanie K. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to identify and draw together key themes in the literature relating to the impact of disability on labour market outcomes. In doing so it provides an overview of issues in estimation in empirical work relating to disability.Design/methodology/approachThis paper reviews the existing international evidence relating to the impact of disability on labour market outcomes.FindingsRegardless of country, data source or time period disability serves to reduce labour market prospects. Understanding the reasons for this requires consideration of issues such as separating discrimination from unobserved differences in productivity and preferences, the influence of heterogeneity within the disabled group and the dynamic effects of disability.Practical implicationsThe paper also reviews recent evidence concerning the labour market impact of significant changes in legislation affecting the disabled, particularly the introduction of the Americans with Disabilities Act in the USA. This evidence is particularly useful to policymakers.Originality/valueThe paper provides a comprehensive review of the empirical evidence relating to the labour market impact of disability and the influence of recent changes in legislation.
Oil exploration in challenging environments
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the technologies currently used in geological exploration for oil and gas.Design/methodology/approachAfter outlining the principles and practice of seismology, the paper describes recent developments in seismic array technology and considers the software used in analysing the data. The non‐contact technique of gravity gradient imaging is described, and some instrumentation used in quality control of seismic equipment is reviewed.FindingsBasic seismic technology was developed in the 1950s, but modern computers extend its power and immediacy. MEMS‐based seismic sensors have the advantage of working at any tilt angle, and wireless connectivity gives access to difficult terrain. Gravity gradient gradiometry is a powerful technique that detects subsurface mass anomalies from an aircraft or ocean survey vessel.Originality/valueThe paper introduces seismology, and reviews oil discovery techniques for the general scientific reader.
Gas sensing and particle detection
Authors: Connolly Christine 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore various techniques for detecting gases and particles, with particular application to environmental measurements.Design/methodology/approachThe technique and application of infrared absorption sensing of gases is presented, followed by sorbent‐based, catalytic and electrochemical methods. Airborne particle detection techniques are then reported, including filtration, laser scattering and light detection and ranging.FindingsVarious long‐term environmental monitoring programmes measure atmospheric composition and pollution levels. Atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased by 20 per cent since 1958. Hand‐held sensors provide timely warning in fire‐fighting and industrial leakage situations.Originality/valueHelps the engineer understand the principles of gas and particle detection and the capabilities of portable sensors, and extends general knowledge of environmental programmes.
Automatic digital terrain model generation using Cartosat‐1 stereo images
Authors: Gianinetto Marco 
Published: September 2008

PurposeCartosat‐1 is the first Indian Remote Sensing satellite, developed for topographic mapping, able to collect in‐track high‐resolution stereo images with a 2.5 m pixel size. In the framework of the Cartosat‐1 Scientific Assessment Programme (C‐SAP), the Politecnico di Milano University (Italy) evaluated the performances of the Cartosat‐1 satellite in the generation of digital terrain models (DTMs) from stereo‐couples. The purpose of this paper is to describe in detail the outcomes for the Salon de Provence (France) test site, with respect to existing standards and products actually used in France and also to provide a comparison with the global Shuttle Radar Topography Mission's DTM freely available from by NASA.Design/methodology/approachThe Cartosat‐1 data processing was done using the commercial off‐the‐shelf software ENVI®, selected for investigating the capabilities and limits of the system using standard image processing tools, so from the point of view of a typical remote sensing user. The data processing involved the following aspects: data pre‐processing; optimization of the DTM's extraction procedure; analysis of the influence of ground control points' (GCPs) in the generated DTMs; analysis of the influence of the DTM's resolution in the elevation accuracy; and post‐processing refinement.FindingsWhen generating relative DTMs an error was observed in elevation of some hundreds of meters. After georeferencing, the root mean square error (RMSE) was between 9.0 and 14.2 m and the LE90 between 16.1 and 19.0 m. When generating absolute DTMs, the optimum number of GCPs was found to be 9, with a regular geometric distribution (4.6 m RMSE and 6.5 m LE90 for 10 m grid cell size). Post‐processing may be applied to enhance results (1.6 m RMSE and 2.0 m LE90 for 10 m grid cell size). In this case, the absolute DTMs fulfilled and also overcame the standards required for the IGNs and Spot Image's Reference 3D®.Originality/valueThis paper describes the outcomes of the C‐SAP led by the International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing and the Indian Space Research Organisation for evaluating the capabilities of the last Cartosat‐1 satellite. The aim is to provide remote sensing users a comprehensive study about the potentialities and limits of the Cartosat‐1 images for multi‐resolution DTM generation (from 5 to 90 m grid cell size).
Sensing in nature: using biomimetics for design of sensors
Authors: Lenau Torben , Cheong Hyunmin , Shu Li 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate how biomimetics can be applied in sensor design. Biomimetics is an engineering discipline that uses nature as an inspiration source for generating ideas for how to solve engineering problems. The paper reviews a number of biomimetic studies of sense organs in animals and illustrates how a formal search method developed at University of Toronto can be applied to sensor design.Design/methodology/approachUsing biomimetics involves a search for relevant cases, a proper analysis of the biological solutions, identification of design principles and design of the desired artefact. The present search method is based on formulation of relevant keywords and search for occurrences in a standard university biology textbook. Most often a simple formulation of keywords and a following search is not enough to generate a sufficient amount of useful ideas or the search gives too many results. This is handled by a more advanced search strategy where the search is either widened or it is focused further mainly using biological synonyms.FindingsA major problem in biomimetic design is finding the relevant analogies to actual design tasks in nature.Research limitations/implicationsBiomimetics can be a challenge to engineers due to the terminology from another scientific discipline.Practical implicationsUsing a formalised search method is a way of solving the problem of finding the relevant biological analogies.Originality/valueThe paper is of value as most present biomimetic research is focused on the understanding of biological phenomena and does not have as much focus on the engineering design challenges.
Noise modelling of improved detection scheme for displacement optic sensors
Authors: Puscas N.N. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to propose modelling of the noise of an improved method for the measurement of small displacement and vibrations. It is based on a novel method for overcoming DC drift in RF subcarrier phase detection scheme.Design/methodology/approachThe method works in open loop and is characterized by low distortions, good signal‐to‐noise ratio and rather low cost.FindingsConsidering a stationary Gaussian stochastic process, the paper evaluated and modelled the power spectral density and the probability density against the phase error and the phase noise parameter.Practical implicationsThis offers an improvement of vibration, displacement and seismic sensors.Originality/valueBased on a novel method for overcoming DC drift in RF sub‐carrier phase detection scheme for fibre optic sensors, an improved method for displacement and vibration measurement is proposed. The presented method is characterized by rather low distortions in the modulation process and small distances measurement, low distortions and low‐cost electronic systems.
Design and optimization of eddy current sensor for instrumented pipeline inspection gauge
Authors: Keshwani Rajesh , Bhattacharya Shiben 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to introduce an in line non‐destructive inspection tool instrumented pipeline inspection gauge (IPIG) and the need for secondary sensors in it; and to design a proper configuration of eddy current based secondary sensor under given design constraints.Design/methodology/approachThe objective is achieved by designing a simple configuration, testing it experimentally and modifying it as per requirements.FindingsAn optimized configuration is arrived at under given set of constraints.Originality/valueThis paper presents a novel method to design an eddy current sensor, and especially addresses electromagnetic experts involved in coil based sensor designs.
A self‐healing mobile wireless sensor network using predictive reasoning
Authors: Coles Matthew , Azzi Djamel , Haynes Barry 
Published: September 2008

PurposeThe paper aims to investigate performance benefits associated with adopting a mobile wireless sensor network (WSN). Sensor nodes are generally energy constrained due to the latter being acquired from onboard battery cells. If one or more sensor nodes fail, possible coverage holes may be created which could invariantly lead to a reduced network lifetime. The paper proposes that instead of rendering the entire WSN inoperative, sensor nodes should physically change position within the region of interest thus adaptively altering the WSN topology with a view of recovering from failures. This type of motion will be referred to as “self healing”.Design/methodology/approachThis paper presents a mobility scheme based on Bayesian networks for predictive reasoning (BayesMob) which is essentially a distributed self healing algorithm for coordinating physical relocation of sensor nodes. Using the algorithm, sensor nodes can predict the performance of the WSN in terms of coverage given that the node moves in a given direction. The evidence for this hypothesis is acquired from local neighborhood information.FindingsThe paper compares BayesMob with an alternative algorithm – Coverage Fidelity Algorithm – and shows that BayesMob maintains a higher level WSN coverage for a greater percentage of failures, thus increasing the useful lifetime of the WSN.Research limitations/implicationsThe physical relocation of sensor nodes will incur energy overhead, therefore the tradeoffs between all application criteria should be investigated before implementation.Originality/valueThis paper presents a Bayesian network based motion coordination algorithm for WSN which repairs coverage holes caused by energy exhaustion and/or abrupt node failures.
A paradigm shift for inspection: complementing traditional CMM with DSSP innovation
Authors: Griffa Alberto F. 
Published: September 2008

PurposeAdvances in non‐contact measurement technology, processes and techniques have created momentum in the application of digital shape sampling and processing (DSSP) for driving a competitive advantage for manufacturing in a variety of industries from automotive and aerospace to consumer products. DSSP has been defined as the convergence of 3D scanning and digital processing of coordinate points by the Society of Manufacturing Engineers in an SME Bluebook authored by Peter Marks of Design Insight. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how DSSP, a potentially disruptive technology innovation, complements traditional inspection methodologies without being disruptive.Design/methodology/approachThe paper compares traditional and new measurement processes and asks how modern techniques can become more efficient, faster and more economical.FindingsThis paper shows how inspection is evolving by integrating multiple methodologies to benefit manufacturing productivity and improve product quality to new levels.Originality/valueThe paper defines the current state of the art.