bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Huguenots, Jesuits and Tyrants: Notes on the Vindiciae contra Tyrannos in Early Modern England
Authors: Tutino Stefania 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe first edition of the Vindiciae contra Tyrannos was published in 1579. In 1690 a pamphlet entitled Political Aphorisms was printed: this work, constructed by mixing entire passages from the Huguenot text and John Locke's first and second Treatise of government, presented a radical and secular theory of government as a contract between governors and governed. In this essay I want to explain the genesis of Political Aphorisms, or, in other words, I seek to elucidate part of the story of the Vindiciae contra Tyrannos in early modern England. More specifically, I argue that in order to understand the complexity and the problematic character of the French text in the English context scholars need to take into account the role of Catholic political thought. Catholic political theorists, in fact, appropriated for themselves many of the arguments put forward by the Huguenot author, and used them to undermine, in theory as well as in practice, the authority of the English sovereign. Understanding the role of English and European Catholic political thought can offer important insight into the current historiographical debate over the secular character of the theory of contract expressed in the Huguenot pamphlet.
Glutathione S-transferase omega in the lung and sputum supernatants of COPD patients
Authors: Harju Terttu H , Peltoniemi Mirva J , Rytilä Paula H , Soini Ylermi , Salmenkivi Kaisa M , Board Philip G , Ruddock Lloyd W , Kinnula Vuokko L 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
The major contribution to oxidant related lung damage in COPD is from the oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and possibly impaired antioxidant defence. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the most important antioxidants in human lung and lung secretions, but the mechanisms participating in its homeostasis are partly unclear. Glutathione-S-transferase omega (GSTO) is a recently characterized cysteine containing enzyme with the capability to bind and release GSH in vitro. GSTO has not been investigated in human lung or lung diseases.

Methods
GSTO1-1 was investigated by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis in 72 lung tissue specimens and 40 sputum specimens from non-smokers, smokers and COPD, in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and in plasma from healthy non-smokers and smokers. It was also examined in human monocytes and bronchial epithelial cells and their culture mediums in vitro.

Results
GSTO1-1 was mainly expressed in alveolar macrophages, but it was also found in airway and alveolar epithelium and in extracellular fluids including sputum supernatants, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, plasma and cell culture mediums. The levels of GSTO1-1 were significantly lower in the sputum supernatants (p = 0.023) and lung homogenates (p = 0.003) of COPD patients than in non-smokers.

Conclusion
GSTO1-1 is abundant in the alveolar macrophages, but it is also present in extracellular fluids and in airway secretions, the levels being decreased in COPD. The clinical significance of GSTO1-1 and its role in regulating GSH homeostasis in airway secretions, however, needs further investigations.
Improving gene set analysis of microarray data by SAM-GS
Authors: Dinu Irina , Potter John D , Mueller Thomas , Liu Qi , Adewale Adeniyi J , Jhangri Gian S , Einecke Gunilla , Famulski Konrad S , Halloran Philip , Yasui Yutaka 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background

Gene-set analysis evaluates the expression of biological pathways, or a priori defined gene sets, rather than that of individual genes, in association with a binary phenotype, and is of great biologic interest in many DNA microarray studies. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) has been applied widely as a tool for gene-set analyses. We describe here some critical problems with GSEA and propose an alternative method by extending the individual-gene analysis method, Significance Analysis of Microarray (SAM), to gene-set analyses (SAM-GS).

Results
Using a mouse microarray dataset with simulated gene sets, we illustrate that GSEA gives statistical significance to gene sets that have no gene associated with the phenotype (null gene sets), and has very low power to detect gene sets in which half the genes are moderately or strongly associated with the phenotype (truly-associated gene sets). SAM-GS, on the other hand, performs very well. The two methods are also compared in the analyses of three real microarray datasets and relevant pathways, the diverging results of which clearly show advantages of SAM-GS over GSEA, both statistically and biologically. In a microarray study for identifying biological pathways whose gene expressions are associated with p53 mutation in cancer cell lines, we found biologically relevant performance differences between the two methods. Specifically, there are 31 additional pathways identified as significant by SAM-GS over GSEA, that are associated with the presence vs. absence of p53. Of the 31 gene sets, 11 actually involve p53 directly as a member. A further 6 gene sets directly involve the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways, 3 involve the cell-cycle machinery, and 3 involve cytokines and/or JAK/STAT signaling. Each of these 12 gene sets, then, is in a direct, well-established relationship with aspects of p53 signaling. Of the remaining 8 gene sets, 6 have plausible, if less well established, links with p53.

Conclusion
We conclude that GSEA has important limitations as a gene-set analysis approach for microarray experiments for identifying biological pathways associated with a binary phenotype. As an alternative statistically-sound method, we propose SAM-GS. A free Excel Add-In for performing SAM-GS is available for public use.
Effect of antioxidants on knee cartilage and bone in healthy, middle-aged subjects: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Hodge Allison M , Wluka Anita E , English Dallas R , Giles Graham G , O'Sullivan Richard , Forbes Andrew , Cicuttini Flavia M 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to examine the effect of dietary antioxidants on knee structure in a cohort of healthy, middle-aged subjects with no clinical knee osteoarthritis.Two hundred and ninety-three healthy adults (mean age = 58.0 years, standard deviation = 5.5) without knee pain or knee injury were selected from an existing community-based cohort. The intake of antioxidant vitamins and food sources by these individuals was estimated from a food frequency questionnaire at baseline. The cartilage volume, bone area, cartilage defects and bone marrow lesions were assessed approximately 10 years later using magnetic resonance imaging.In multivariate analyses, higher vitamin C intake was associated with a reduced risk of bone marrow lesions (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.29–0.87, P = 0.01) and with a reduction in the tibial plateau bone area (β = -35.5, 95% CI = -68.8 to -2.3, P = 0.04). There was an inverse association between fruit intake and the tibial plateau bone area (β = -27.8, 95% CI = -54.9 to -0.7, P = 0.04) and between fruit intake and the risk of bone marrow lesions (odds ratio = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.52–0.99, P = 0.05). Neither fruit intake nor vitamin C intake was significantly associated with the cartilage volume or cartilage defects. Lutein and zeaxanthin intake was associated with a decreased risk of cartilage defects (odds ratio = 0.71, 95% CI = 0.51–0.99, P = 0.04), and vitamin E intake tended to be positively associated with the tibial plateau bone area (β = 33.7, 95% CI = -3.1 to 70.4, P = 0.07) only after adjusting for vitamin C intake. The β-cryptoxanthin intake was inversely associated with the tibial plateau bone area after adjusting for vitamin E intake (β = -33.2, 95% CI = -63.1 to -3.4, P = 0.03). Intake of vegetables and other carotenoids was not significantly associated with cartilage or bone measures.The present study suggests a beneficial effect of fruit consumption and vitamin C intake as they are associated with a reduction in bone size and the number of bone marrow lesions, both of which are important in the pathogenesis of knee osteoarthritis. While our findings need to be confirmed by longitudinal studies, they highlight the potential of the diet to modify the risk of osteoarthritis.
Accuracy of computed tomography perfusion in assessing metastatic involvement of enlarged axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer
Authors: Liu Yun , Bellomi Massimo , Gatti Giovanna , Ping Xuejun 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Introduction
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomography (CT) perfusion in differentiating metastatic from inflammatory enlarged axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer.

Methods
Twenty-five patients with 26 locally advanced breast tumors and clinically palpable axillary lymph nodes underwent dynamic multi-detector CT (LightSpeed 16; General Electric Company) at one scan per second for 150 seconds at the same table position after 40 ml intravenous contrast injection at 4.0 ml/second. Semi-automatic calculation of values of perfusion parameters – blood flow (BF), blood volume (BV), mean transit time (MTT), and permeability surface (PS) – was performed. Results were compared with pathology and with Her-2/neu and Ki-67 levels in a surgical specimen of the primary tumor.

Results
Examined lymph nodes were inflammatory in 8 cases and metastatic in 18. Mean values of perfusion parameters in inflammatory and metastatic nodes, respectively, were BF of 76.18 (confidence interval [CI], 31.53) and 161.60 (CI, 40.94) ml/100 mg per minute (p < 0.05), BV of 5.81 (CI, 2.50) and 9.15 (CI, 3.02) ml/100 mg (not significant [n.s.]), MTT of 6.80 (CI, 1.55) and 5.50 (CI, 1.84) seconds (p = 0.07), and PS of 25.82 (CI, 4.62) and 25.96 (CI, 7.47) ml/100 mg per minute (n.s.). Size of nodes, stage of breast cancer, Ki-67 and Her-2/neu levels in breast cancer, and expression of primary tumor activity were not correlated to any perfusion parameter in metastatic nodes.

Conclusion
CT perfusion might be an effective tool for studying enlarged axillary lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer. It gives information on vascularization of lymph nodes, helping to understand the changes occurring when neoplastic cells implant in lymph nodes.
Does obesity influence the outcome after the operative treatment of ankle fractures?
Authors: Strauss E. J. , Frank J. B. , Walsh M. , Koval K. J. , Egol K. A. 
Published: July 2007

Many orthopaedic surgeons believe that obese patients have a higher rate of peri-operative complications and a worse functional outcome than non-obese patients. There is, however, inconsistency in the literature supporting this notion. This study was performed to evaluate the effect of body mass index (BMI) on injury characteristics, the incidence of complications, and the functional outcome after the operative management of unstable ankle fractures. We retrospectively reviewed 279 patients (99 obese (BMI ≥ 30) and 180 non-obese (BMI < 30) patients who underwent surgical fixation of an unstable fracture of the ankle. We found that obese patients had a higher number of medical co-morbidities, and more Orthopaedic Trauma Association type B and C fracture types than non-obese patients. At two years from the time of injury, however, the presence of obesity did not affect the incidence of complications, the time to fracture union or the level of function. These findings suggest that obese patients should be treated in line with standard procedures, keeping in mind any known associated medical co-morbidities.
Morphological analysis of the femoral trochlea in patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella using three-dimensional computer models
Authors: Yamada Y. , Toritsuka Y. , Yoshikawa H. , Sugamoto K. , Horibe S. , Shino K. 
Published: July 2007

We investigated the three-dimensional morphological differences of the articular surface of the femoral trochlea in patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella and a normal control group using three-dimensional computer models. There were 12 patients (12 knees) and ten control subjects (ten knees). Three-dimensional computer models of the femur, including the articular cartilage, were created. Evaluation was performed on the shape of the articular surface, focused on its convexity, and the proximal and mediolateral distribution of the articular cartilage of the femoral trochlea. The extent of any convexity, and the proximal distribution of the articular cartilage, expressed as the height, were shown by the angles about the transepicondylar axis. The mediolateral distribution of the articular cartilage was assessed by the location of the medial and lateral borders of the articular cartilage. The mean extent of convexity was 24.9° sd 6.7° for patients and 11.9° sd 3.6° for the control group (p < 0.001). The mean height of the articular cartilage was 91.3° sd 8.3° for the patients and 83.3° sd 7.7° for the control group (p = 0.03), suggesting a wider convex trochlea in the patients with recurrent dislocation of the patella caused by the proximally-extended convex area. The lateral border of the articular cartilage of the trochlea in the patients was more laterally located than in the control group. Our findings therefore quantitatively demonstrated differences in the shape and distribution of the articular cartilage on the femoral trochlea between patients with dislocation of the patella and normal subjects.
Winery effluent treatment at an anaerobic hybrid USBF pilot plant under normal and abnormal operation
Authors: Molina F. , Ruiz-Filippi G. , García C. , Roca E. , Lema J.M. 
Published: July 2007

A 1.1 m3 hybrid USBF fully instrumented pilot plant has been used for the treatment of diluted wine for four years. In this work, the performance of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) during start up and operation (normal operation and overload experiments) is shown. A complete description of the treatment process behaviour (gas and liquid phase composition and anaerobic sludge characteristics) is given by on-line and off-line monitoring of 28 process variables.
The results presented here demonstrate the reliability of this technology for the treatment of wastewater from seasonal processes, such as winery wastewaters, during a long period of time (four years). Furthermore, the USBF reactor presented very short start up periods after short and long shut down of the WWTP and rapidly turned back to normal operation after suffering a complete destabilization due to organic overload.
Both effluent and biogas were of good quality. Dissolved organic carbon concentration in the effluent was always lower than 100 mg DOC l−1 under normal operation, while methane concentration in the biogas was in the range 70–74%, making it suitable for energy recovering.
Vaccination Externalities
Authors: Boulier Bryan L. , Datta Tejwant S. , Goldfarb Robert S 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Vaccination provides indirect benefits to the unvaccinated. Despite its important policy implications, there is little analytical or empirical work to quantify this externality, nor is it incorporated in a number of cost-benefit studies of vaccine programs. We use a standard epidemiological model to analyze how the magnitude of this externality varies with the number of vaccinations, vaccine efficacy, and disease infectiousness. We also provide empirical estimates using parameters for influenza and mumps epidemics. The pattern of the externality is complex and striking, unlike that suggested in standard treatments. The size of the externality is not necessarily monotonic in the number vaccinated, vaccine efficacy, nor disease infectiousness. Moreover, its magnitude can be remarkably large. In particular, the marginal externality of a vaccination can be greater than one case of illness prevented among the nonvaccinated, so its omission from policy analyses implies serious biases.
Soil nematodes inhabiting an original dry meadow and an abandoned vineyard in the National Park Seewinkel, Eastern Austria
Authors: Zolda P. , Háněl L. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Nematode communities of cultivated vineyards showed characteristics typical for cultivated ecosystems, e.g. predominance of plant parasitic nematodes followed by bacterivores. The abandoned vineyard showed a reverse trophic structure: bacterivorous nematodes with short life cycles (cp 2) predominated and the population of plant parasites was small. The nematode trophic structure of the dry meadow was similar to the abandoned vineyard. Nevertheless, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that differences in nematode communities were still detectable at the generic level, with some genera occurring solely in one or the other site (e.g. Xiphinema). Thus, soil nematodes indicated a recovery of primary production and decomposition processes in the formerly cultivated vineyard soil, because plant parasites consuming plant tissues decreased, and organic matter breakdown was slower, as in low-input grasslands. Communities of soil nematodes were also compared with intensively cultivated vineyards previously surveyed in Eastern Austria.
From cestodes to nematodes: 15 years of scientific collaboration between the Parasitological Institute SAS and the Section of Parasitology of the Sapienza University of Rome
Authors: D’Amelio S. , Šnábel V. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
The Parasitological Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the Section of Parasitology (formerly Institute of Parasitology) of the Department of Public Health Sciences of the Sapienza University of Rome have had a long term collaboration within several projects, starting with the first visiting fellowships in 1992 in Rome. Since then, the collaboration between the two institutions has continuously developed and has been focused mainly on the systematics of cestodes, starting in particular with the studies on the genetic polymorphism of fish Proteocephalus tapeworms in different host populations examined by enzyme electrophoresis. Some molecular studies have been later carried out on Eubothrium spp. and Echinococcus multilocularis, and most of our joint interest has been focused on Echinococcus granulosus and more recently, on Ascaris nematodes. The major achievements obtained during these years of collaboration are herein reported.
Some results on ℚ-groups
Authors: Darafsheh M. , Sharifi H. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
A finite group G whose irreducible characters are rational valued is called a ℚ-group. In this paper we will be concerned with the structure of a finite ℚ-group that contains a strongly embedded subgroup and the structure of a finite ℚ-group satisfying the property that none of its sections is isomorphic to
$$\mathbb{S}_4 $$
.
Patient‐controlled analgesia versus continuous infusion of morphine during vaso‐occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease, a randomized controlled trial
Authors: van Beers Eduard J. , van Tuijn Charlotte F.J. , Nieuwkerk Pythia T. , Friederich Philip W. , Vranken Jan H. , Biemond Bart J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIntravenous morphine is the treatment of choice for severe pain during vaso‐ occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease (SCD). However, side effects of morphine may hamper effective treatment, and high plasma levels of morphine are associated with severe complications such as acute chest syndrome. Furthermore, adequate dosing remains a problem since no objective measurement of pain severity exists and analgesia should be titrated upon the patient's reported pain. Patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) may therefore be an interesting alternative since patients can titrate the level of analgesia themselves. In this randomized controlled study, the efficacy of intravenous morphine administration with PCA was compared with continuous infusion (CI) of morphine in patients with SCD during vaso‐occlusive crisis. Twenty five consecutive episodes of vaso‐occlusive crisis in 19 patients with SCD were included in the study. Patients in the PCA‐group had a markedly and significant lower mean and cumulative morphine consumption when compared with the patients in the CI‐group (0.5 mg/hr versus 2.4 mg/hr (P < 0.001) and 33 mg versus 260 mg (P = 0.018, respectively). The mean daily pain scores were comparable (4.9 versus 5.3). The lower mean and cumulative morphine consumption in the PCA‐group led to significant less nausea and constipation during treatment when compared with the CI‐group (area under the curve, respectively, 11 versus 18 (P = 0.045) and 30 versus 45 (P = 0.021). Furthermore, a nonsignificant reduction in the duration of hospital admission of 3 days was observed in the PCA‐group. PCA results in adequate pain relief at a much lower morphine consumption and should considered to be the first choice in morphine administration to sickle cell patients admitted with vaso‐occlusive crisis. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nonmyeloablative allogeneic stem cell transplantation in elderly patients with hematological malignancies: Results from the GITMO (Gruppo Italiano Trapianto Midollo Osseo) multicenter prospective clinical trial
Authors: Falda Michele , Busca Alessandro , Baldi Ileana , Mordini Nicola , Bruno Benedetto , Allione Bernardino , Rambaldi Alessandro , Morello Enrico , Narni Franco , Santarone Stella , Locatelli Franco , Bacigalupo Andrea 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a nonmyeloablative conditioning consisting of fludarabine and TBI in patients aged ≥60 years.A total of 32 patients (median age 62 years; range 60–70) with hematological malignancies were treated with fludarabine (30 mg/m2 × 3–5 days) and 200 cCy TBI followed by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from a matched‐sibling donor. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and mycophenolate. Neutrophil recovery occurred in all patients at a median time of 16 days (range 9–34). Six patients did not become granulocytopenic. On day +30, 10 patients had >95% donor chimerism and 19 patients had mixed chimerism. The cumulative probabilities of Grade II–IV acute GVHD and chronic GVHD were 48 and 83%, respectively. Transplant‐related mortality at 100 days and 1 year was 6 and 10%, respectively. The probabilities of 2‐year overall (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 39 and 35%, respectively. The estimated 2‐year probability of OS and PFS for patients in early disease stages were 77 and 64%, respectively, which were significantly higher than the survival and PFS estimates of 0% obtained in patients with advanced disease stages at the time of transplant. Our analysis would suggest that for patients older than 60, this regimen is well tolerated and associated with a low incidence of transplant‐related mortality. The leukemic burden at time of transplant has proven to be the most important risk factor for the outcome. Am. J. Hematol. 82:863–866, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An association of Hutchinson–Gilford progeria and malignancy
Authors: Shalev Stavit A. , De Sandre‐Giovannoli Annachiara , Shani Ayelet Adir , Levy Nicolas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMutations in the LMNA gene encoding lamins A/C are responsible for a variety of disorders, commonly referred to as “laminopathies,” including the segmental premature aging syndrome Hutchinson–Gilford progeria. We describe in this report the rare association of osteosarcoma and slowly progressing progeria in an 11‐year‐old girl carrying a truncating heterozygous c.1868C > G (p.T623S) prelamin A mutation. These findings are discussed in light of recent data on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying progeria and “physiological” aging in human, as well as previous data on other well‐known segmental aging syndromes. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.