bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Entrepreneurial prototyping: the role of purpose, prototype recycling, and skills bricolage
Authors: Paust Steffen , Korsgaard Steffen , Thrane Claus 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This paper explores how entrepreneurs engage in prototyping as part of the venture development process. We conduct a qualitative field study of 156 instances of prototyping across eight venture development processes. From a theoretical perspective, we build on alternative and complementary views of entrepreneurial action and their implicit modes of prototyping, emphasizing experimentation and transformation. Our findings identify three important themes in the prototyping process. These include purposes where the entrepreneurs use prototyping for either flexible experimentation or directed transformation. Further, the entrepreneurs predominantly engage in prototype recycling and skills bricolage when prototyping. Accordingly, the studied entrepreneurs carefully navigate purpose and resource investments in prototyping, making extensive use of their existing resource base of skills and prototypes. After noting the positive aspects of prototyping, we also discuss the potentially destructive outcomes of misapplied prototyping in the form of prototyping myopia and problematic path dependencies of the different ways of prototyping.
NaCl elicitation enhances metabolite accumulation and stress resilience in Inula crithmoides L. shoot cultures: implications for its nutritional and medicinal value
Authors: Rodrigues Maria João , Neng Nuno , Custódio Luísa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explored the impact of sodium chloride (NaCl) elicitation on the accumulation of primary and secondary metabolites and the oxidative stress responses of Inula crithmoides L. (golden samphire) in vitro shoot cultures. Elicitation involved applying different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50, 100, and 200 mM) for 4 weeks. This was followed by assessing its impact on plant growth, physiological parameters (pigments, hydrogen peroxide content, total soluble sugars and proteins, and proline), and secondary metabolism (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity, shikimic acid, phenolics, flavonoids, and hydroxycinnamic acids) in the shoots. The extracts were also analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The NaCl elicitation did not affect shoot growth but increased physiological functions such as photosynthesis and oxidative stress management under moderate salinity levels. In addition, NaCl treatments increased the synthesis of soluble sugars and proteins, particularly proline, as well as bioactive phenolics such as gentisic acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, and naringenin-7-O-glucoside. The NaCl elicitation in golden samphire shoot cultures offers a significant method for enhancing the production of important nutritional and bioactive compounds. This underscores the species’ potential for cultivation in saline environments and provides valuable prospects for its utilization in the health and nutrition sectors.
Spatiotemporal use of urban rivers by local bat populations in a large city (Cracow, Southern Poland)
Authors: Kohyt Joanna , Karczmarz Justyna , Pereswiet-Soltan Andrea , Pierzchała Ewa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUrban watercourses are an essential part of blue-green infrastructure (BGI) that can mitigate the negative impact of habitat loss resulting from urbanization. Many studies on temperate urban bats activity did not concern its seasonal variations. Our work evaluated the bats’ activity and occurrence in different urban riverside environments throughout the vegetation period. Our results showed that long-range echolocators were represented mainly by Nyctalus noctula. Their activity peak occurred in late summer in open habitats of high anthropogenic pressure levels, and at least part of the population was present year-round in the city. Recently reported from Cracow: Hypsugo savii and Pipistrellus kuhlii were confirmed in the medium-range echolocators. The high occurrence of P. pygmeus with a relatively low P. pipistrellus was noteworthy and is probably a result of the low competitiveness of the latter in the presence of P. kuhlii. Two spring and late summer activity peaks on different rivers suggest different migration corridors from and to hibernacula. However, the autumn activity in the city center may also indicate partial hibernation in the old town. The activity peak of short-range echolocators occurred in spring, as expected - mainly in a narrow riverbed and low anthropogenic pressure environments. However, ambiguous spring and late summer activity in the open with the highest anthropogenic pressure environment may result from the rapidly progressing synurbization of M. daubentonii. Our results indicate the need to monitor the bat adaptation process to the cities in the context of dynamic climatic and environmental changes.
Determination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in paper recycling grades using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry
Authors: Mofokeng Nondumiso Nomonde , Madikizela Lawrence Mzukisi , Tiggelman Ineke , Sanganyado Edmond , Chimuka Luke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlobally, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)–related research on paper products has focused on food packaging with less consideration on the presence of PFAS at different stages of the paper recycling chain. This study analysed the prevalence of PFAS in paper grades used for the manufacture of recycled paperboard. The presence of PFAS was attributed to the use of PFAS-containing additives, consumer usage, exposure to packed goods as well as contamination during mingling, sorting, collection, and recovery of paper recycling material. Q Orbitrap mass spectrometry was used to analyse the paper samples after accelerated solvent extraction and solid phase extraction. The distribution and possible propagation of 22 PFAS were determined in pre-consumer, retail and post-consumer paper products. Post-consumer samples had the highest combined average concentration (ΣPFAS) at 213 ng/g, while the ΣPFAS in retail (159 ng/g) and pre-consumer samples (121 ng/g) was detected at lower concentrations. This study showed that waste collection and recycling protocols may influence PFAS propagation and that measures must be developed to minimise and possibly eliminate exposure opportunities.
Experimental determination of hypoplastic parameters and cyclic numerical analysis for railway bridge backfills
Authors: Stastny A. , Knittel L. , Meier T. , Tschuchnigg F. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLong integral bridges experience an enhanced cyclic soil structure interaction with their granular backfills, especially due to seasonal thermal loading. For numerical modelling of this interaction behaviour under cyclic loading, it is important to employ a suitable constitutive model and calibrate it thoroughly. However, up to the present, experimental data and calibrated soil models for this purpose with focus on typical well-graded coarse-grained bridge backfill materials are rarely available in the literature. Therefore, one aim of this paper is to present results of a comprehensive cyclic laboratory testing programme on highly compacted gravel backfill material. Based on this, a hypoplastic constitutive model with intergranular strain extension for small strain and cyclic behaviour is calibrated and evaluated against the experimental test data. The soil model’s abilities and limitations are discussed at element test level. In addition, cyclic FE analyses of an integral bridge are conducted with several hypoplastic parameter sets from the literature and compared to the calibrated gravel backfill material. The investigation highlights that poorly-graded sands show significantly smaller cyclic earth pressures compared to well-graded gravels intended for the backfilling of a bridge. The soil structure interaction behaviour is clearly governed by the general soil model stiffness, including the small strain stiffness.
Plasmonic Sensor System Embedded with Orthogonal Mode Couplers for Simultaneous Monitoring of Temperature and Refractive Index
Authors: Butt Muhammad Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe significance of plasmonic sensors lies in their ability to enhance sensitivity and precision in detecting minute variations in the refractive index of surrounding media. In this work, a novel plasmonic sensor design utilizing a metal-insulator-metal (MIM) waveguide and two circular cavities is presented, specifically tailored for refractive index and temperature sensing applications. Each cavity serves as an individual and autonomous sensing unit. Tailored for temperature sensing, a designated cavity is filled with polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), while a separate cavity is exclusively allocated for biosensing and contains a liquid with distinct refractive indices. This dual-cavity system allows for precise and specialized sensing functionalities, ensuring accurate measurements and diverse applications. Furthermore, this work integrates orthogonal mode couplers into the plasmonic device, providing an essential capability to seamlessly transform the dielectric mode into a plasmonic mode and vice versa. The device exhibits a refractive index sensitivity of 737.71 nm/RIU and a temperature sensitivity of − 0.336 nm/°C. Additionally, its Q-factor is determined at 20.5 for the refractive index sensing module and 16.5 for the temperature sensing module.
Anatomical assessment of local recurrence site in breast cancer patients after breast reconstruction and post-mastectomy radiotherapy: implications for radiation volumes and techniques
Authors: Salvestrini Viola , Valzano Marianna , Meattini Icro , Becherini Carlotta , Visani Luca , Francolini Giulio , Morelli Ilaria , Bertini Niccolò , Orzalesi Lorenzo , Bernini Marco , Bianchi Simonetta , Simontacchi Gabriele , Livi Lorenzo , Desideri Isacco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) improves local control rates and survival in patients with adverse prognostic features. The dose coverage to target volumes is critical to yield maximum benefit to treated patients, increasing local control and reducing risk of toxicity. This study aims to assess patterns of breast cancer relapse in patients treated with mastectomy, breast reconstruction and PMRT.

Methods
Breast cancer patients treated with PMRT between 1992 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical and pathological characteristics of patients were collected. Recurrences were defined as “in field,” “marginal” or “out of field.” Survival analyses were performed in relation to progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Correlation between baseline features was explored.

Results
Data of 140 patients are collected. After a median follow-up time of 72 months, median PFS and OS of 63 and 74 months were detected, respectively. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, lympho-vascular space invasion (LVI) and size of primary tumor were all significantly associated with worst PFS and OS. Ten patients developed local recurrence: 30% "in field," 30% marginal recurrences, 20% "out of field" and 20% both “in field” and “out of field.” No recurrence was detected under the expander, 80% above the device and 20% patients relapsed on IMN chain. The mean distant relapse-free survival was 39 months. Overall, 39 of 140 patients developed distant metastases.

Conclusions
The onset of local–regional relapses occurred mainly above the expander/prosthesis, underlying the importance of inclusion of the subcutaneous tissues within the target volume. In order to refine new contouring recommendations for PMRT and breast reconstruction, future prospective studies are needed.
Ost- und Westdeutsche für immer? Zu Wahrnehmungen von Unterschieden und Konflikten zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschen
Authors: Mau Steffen , Lux Thomas , Heide Julian 
Published: April 2024

ZusammenfassungDie Unterschiede und Ungleichheiten zwischen Ost- und Westdeutschland wurden nach der Deutschen Einheit als Übergangsstadium verstanden; insbesondere Mentalitätsunterschiede sollten sich im Laufe der Jahre angleichen. Der Beitrag analysiert, wie Ost- und Westdeutsche das Verhältnis zueinander wahrnehmen und inwiefern sich hier Kohortenunterschiede zeigen. Konzeptionell unterscheiden wir drei zentrale Hypothesen, die jeweils eigene empirische Muster nahelegen. Die Sozialisationshypothese geht davon aus, dass es durch die deutsche Teilung einerseits, aber auch durch das Aufwachsen im Staatssozialismus und die Transformationserfahrungen in Ostdeutschland andererseits wahrnehmungsprägende Erfahrungen gibt, die allerdings für nachfolgende Kohorten an Relevanz verlieren. Die Othering-Hypothese besagt, dass sich Ost-West-Differenzen durch Reaktanz auf die (auch diskursive) Dominanz der westdeutschen Mehrheitsgesellschaft immer wieder erneuern und somit für alle Altersgruppen in Ost und West salient bleiben. Die These ostdeutscher Persistenz und Verhärtung schließlich vermutet, dass es nicht zwingend darauf ankommt, selbst in der DDR gelebt zu haben, sondern dass ein ostdeutsches Narrativ in Familien und sozialen Netzwerken weitergegeben wird. Die Salienz des Themas sollte demnach vor allem im Osten nach wie vor hoch sein. Mit neuen Daten aus dem Jahr 2022 können wir zeigen, dass die deutsch-deutschen Trennlinien in der Kohortenfolge unter jungen Westdeutschen verblassen, bei den jungen Ostdeutschen dagegen ein Fortwirken von Unterschieds- und Konfliktwahrnehmungen erkennbar ist. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf die These der ostdeutschen Persistenz und Verhärtung hin, wohingegen für die Westdeutschen die Sozialisationshypothese plausibel erscheint.
How do we reinforce climate action?
Authors: Zhao Jiaying , Radke Jade , Chen Frances S. , Sachdeva Sonya , Gershman Samuel J. , Luo Yu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHumanity has a shrinking window to drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions, yet climate action is still lacking on both individual and policy levels. We argue that this is because behavioral interventions have largely neglected the basic principles of operant conditioning as one set of tools to promote collective climate action. In this perspective, we propose an operant conditioning framework that uses rewards and punishments to shape transportation, food, waste, housing, and civic actions. This framework highlights the value of reinforcement in encouraging the switch to low-emission behavior, while also considering the benefit of decreasing high-emission behavior to expedite the transition. This approach also helps explain positive and negative spillovers from behavioral interventions. This paper provides a recipe to design individual-level and system-level interventions to generate and sustain low-emission behavior to help achieve net zero emissions.
Management of acute exacerbations of COPD in the emergency department and its associations with clinical variables
Authors: Freund Ophir , Melloul Ariel , Fried Sabrina , Kleinhendler Eyal , Unterman Avraham , Gershman Evgeni , Elis Avishay , Bar-Shai Amir 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) is a common cause for emergency department (ED) visits. Still, large scale studies that assess the management of AECOPD in the ED are limited. Our aim was to evaluate treatment characteristics of AE-COPD in the ED on a national scale. A prospective study as part of the COPD Israeli survey, conducted between 2017 and 2019, in 13 medical centers. Patients hospitalized with AECOPD were included and interviewed. Clinical data related to their ED and hospital stay were collected. 344 patients were included, 38% females, mean age of 70 ± 11 years. Median (IQR) time to first ED treatment was 59 (23–125) minutes and to admission 293 (173–490) minutes. Delayed ED treatment (> 1 h) was associated with older age (p = 0.01) and lack of a coded diagnosis of COPD in hospital records (p = 0.01). Long ED length-of-stay (> 5 h) was linked with longer hospitalizations (p = 0.01). Routine ED care included inhalations of short-acting bronchodilators (246 patients, 72%) and systemic steroids (188 patients, 55%). Receiving routine ED care was associated with its continuation during hospitalization (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, predictors for patients not receiving routine care were obesity (adjusted odds ratio 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.8, p = 0.01) and fever (AOR 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.6, p < 0.01), while oxygen saturation < 91% was an independent predictor for ED routine treatment (AOR 3.6, 95% CI 2.1–6.3, p < 0.01). Our findings highlight gaps in the treatment of AECOPD in the ED on a national scale, with specific predictors for their occurrence.
Metaverse in Mental Health: The Beginning of a Long History
Authors: Cerasa Antonio , Gaggioli Andrea , Pioggia Giovanni , Riva Giuseppe 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
We review the first pilot studies applying metaverse-related technologies in psychiatric patients and discuss the rationale for using this complex federation of technologies to treat mental diseases. Concerning previous virtual-reality applications in medical care, metaverse technologies provide the unique opportunity to define, control, and shape virtual scenarios shared by multi-users to exploit the “synchronized brains” potential exacerbated by social interactions.

Recent Findings
The application of an avatar-based sexual therapy program conducted on a metaverse platform has been demonstrated to be more effective concerning traditional sexual coaching for treating female orgasm disorders. Again, a metaverse-based social skills training program has been tested on children with autism spectrum disorders, demonstrating a significant impact on social interaction abilities.

Summary
Metaverse-related technologies could enable us to develop new reliable approaches for treating diseases where behavioral symptoms can be addressed using socio-attentive tasks and social-interaction strategies.
Employee Grievance Redressal and Corporate Ethics: Lessons from the Boeing 737-MAX Crashes
Authors: Chary Shreesh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTwo Boeing 737-MAX passenger planes crashed in October 2018 and March 2019, suspending all 737-MAX aircraft. The crashes put Boeing’s corporate practices and culture under the spotlight. The main objective of this paper is to use the case of Boeing to highlight the importance of efficient employee grievance redressal mechanisms and an independent external regulator. The methodology adopted is a qualitative analysis of statements of various whistleblowers and Boeing and the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) stakeholders. It suggests that employee feedback flowing up the chain of command should be more flexible and dealt with more seriousness. It recommends that companies adopt a cooling-off period or a lifetime restriction for employees who have gone through the revolving door between regulators and the industry. The Boeing 737-MAX case, which emphasizes the ethical obligations of the job, can offer value to engineers, engineering educators, managers, ombudsmen, and human resource professionals.
Representation Gap in Standardized Affective Stimuli Sets: A Systematic Literature Review of Visual Sexual Stimuli
Authors: Prantner Sabine , Giménez-García Cristina , Espino-Payá Alejandro , Ballester-Arnal Rafael , Pastor M. Carmen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVisual sexual stimuli (VSS) are often used to induce affective responses in experimental research, but can also be useful in the assessment and treatment of sexual disorders (e.g., sexual arousal dysfunctions, paraphilic disorders, compulsive sexual behaviors). This systematic literature review of standardized sets containing VSS was conducted by searching electronic databases (PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science) from January 1999 to December 2022 for specific keywords [("picture set" OR "picture database" OR "video set" OR "video database" OR "visual set" OR "visual database") AND ("erotic stimuli" OR "sexual stimuli" OR "explicit erotic stimuli" OR "explicit sexual stimuli")]. Selected sets were narratively summarized according to VSS (modality, duration, explicitness, shown sexes, sexual practices, physical properties, emotion models, affective ratings) and participants’ characteristics (gender, sexual orientation and sexual preferences, cultural and ethnic diversity). Among the 20 sets included, researchers can select from ~ 1,390 VSS (85.6% images, 14.4% videos). Most sets contain VSS of opposite- and some of same-sex couples, but rarely display diverse sexual practices. Although sexual orientation and preferences strongly influence the evaluation of VSS, little consideration of both factors has been given. There was little representation of historically underrepresented cultural and ethnic groups. Therefore, our review suggests limitations and room for improvement related to the representation of gender, sexual orientation, sexual preferences, and especially cultural and ethnic diversity. Perceived shortcomings in experimental research using VSS are highlighted, and recommendations are discussed for representative stimuli for conducting and evaluating sexual affective responses in laboratory and clinical contexts while increasing the replicability of such findings.
Stream of Consciousness: Some Propositions and Reflections
Authors: Royle Nicholas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis short communication explores the idea of “stream of consciousness” and considers some of the ways in which scientific writing relies – even or perhaps especially insofar as it does not signal this fact – on the resources of literary language and literary thinking. Particular attention is given to notions of literal and figurative or metaphorical language, including “hydrological” and “ontic” metaphor. A crucial figure is simile (the “like”), discussed here in relation to the Thomas Nagel’s “What is it Like to Be a Bat?”, Todd Feinberg and Jon Mallatt’s Consciousness Demystified, and Anil Seth’s Being You: A New Science of Consciousness. Neuroethics cannot restrict itself to the domain of technology and the human. The deconstruction of anthropocentrism, already underway in literary modernism, calls for responsibility in relation to non-human as well as human life-forms. Virginia Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway provides rich and multifarious resources for exploring these issues. Woolf’s novel is considered as a kind of literary water music, in which sense and feeling is not limited to the human, and distinctions between consciousness and the environment are susceptible to dissolution. Woolf’s work is concerned with a conception of stream of consciousness as telepathic fluidity, as “merging minds” but without restitution of the individual or collective.
Comparison of Outcomes Between Robot-Assisted Language Learning System and Human Tutors: Focusing on Speaking Ability
Authors: Iio Takamasa , Yoshikawa Yuichiro , Ogawa Kohei , Ishiguro Hiroshi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study explores how much current mainstream Robot-Assisted Language Learning (RALL) systems produce outcomes compared to human tutors instructing a typical English conversation lesson. To this end, an experiment was conducted with 26 participants divided in RALL (14 participants) and human tutor (12 participants) groups. All participants took a pre-test on the first day, followed by 30 min of study per day for 7 days, and 3 post-tests on the last day. The test results indicated that the RALL group considerably improved lexical/grammatical error rates and fluency of speech compared to that for the human tutor group. The other characteristics, such as rhythm, pronunciation, complexity, and task achievement of speech did not indicate any differences between the groups. The results suggested that exercises with the RALL system enabled participants to commit the learned expressions to memory, whereas those with human tutors emphasized on communication with the participants. This study demonstrated the benefits of using RALL systems that can work well in lessons that human tutors find hard to teach.