bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Hyperfine Interactions in the Electronic Spectrum of AIF
Authors: J M Brown  , I Kopp  , C Malmberg  , B Rydh  
Published: January 2007

Lines in theb3Σ+-a3II andc3Σ+-a3II systems of AlF show partially resolved hyperfine structure. This structure has been attributed to magnetic interactions involving the27Al nucleus for whichI= 5/2. About twenty unblended lines from the (0, 0) bands of the two systems have been analysed in detail, using a computer programme to simulate the profiles by calculating the frequencies and intensities of individual hyperfine transitions. For low values of the rotational quantum number, the lines show a simple triplet structure, which reflects the case (bβS) coupling in the3Σ states. Analysis of these lines gives values for the Fermi contact parameters in the two states involved (bF= 0.049 cm-1and 0.057 cm-1in theb3Σ+andc3Σ+states respectively). As the rotational quantum number increases, the hyperfine patterns become less regular, indicating a departure from case (bβS) coupling in the3Σ states and from case (aβ) coupling in the3II state. By reproducing the details of these line-shapes, it has also proved possible to determine values for the electron spin-spin and spin-rotation parameters in the two3Σ states:b3Σ+λ = -0.025(10)cm-1γ = 0.0000(3)cm-1c3Σ+λ = 0.00(1)cm-1γ = 0.0015(10)cm-1The experimental values for the Fermi contact parameter of AlF in thea3II andb3Σ+states are well produced by a simple single configuration molecular orbital calculation but the value for thec3Σ state is rather larger than expected on this basis.
Eruptive Phenomena near the Galactic Centre
Authors: J H Oort  
Published: January 2007

Four categories of expanding features are described: (a) Features observed in the 21 cm radiation of atomic hydrogen, (b) agglomerations of dense molecular clouds, (c) an extended ionized-hydrogen feature, (d) high-velocity "clouds" of ionized gas within ∼ 1/2 pc from the centre. (a) These lie between R ∼ 1 and ∼ 4 kpc, in a region where there is little or no normally rotating gas. The velocity components in radial direction are between 50 and 170 km s-1 and are usually, if not always, directed away from the centre. The largest have masses ranging from two to eighty million times that of the Sun. They have arm-like structures. These seem to be no expanding H I features within R ∼ 750 pc. The hydrogen within this distance appears to be quiescent, and rotates with the circular velocity. It permits derivation of the gravitational field. (b) Dense molecular clouds exist within R ∼ 250 pc. Their distribution is extremely asymmetrical. Velocities are much lower than the circular velocities; they must move along highly excentric paths, and have probably been expelled from the centre. Direct evidence for such expulsion is given by a dense molecular ring at R = 190 pc which expands at an average velocity of 150 km s-1. (c) Ionized hydrogen shows an arc-like structure at R ∼ 40 pc, presumably likewise ejected from the centre. (d) Observations of a Ne II line at 12.8 μm show highly turbulent gas with random velocities up to at least 200 km s-1 in a region extending to about 1/2 pc from the centre. These clouds are reminiscent of the conditions in type II Seyfert nuclei, though on a very much smaller linear scale. In the same region there is a strong concentration of radiation at wavelengths of 10 μm and longer, due to dust, probably heated by supergiants or star clusters.
A noteworthy property of the central region is that the expanding H I- and molecular features, and probably also the rotating H I disk, lie in a plane which is inclined to the general galactic plane; the inclination is about 10°.
The radio source at the galactic centre (Sagittarius A) contains an extremely compact component. The diameter of this nucleus is about 0 Prime-.001, corresponding to 10 astronomical units, or 1.5 × 109 km. It may contain the energy source for the observed expulsion phenomena. These require initial kinetic energies between 1054 and 1055 erg, to be imparted at intervals of a few million years.
The Large Scale Structure of Extra-Galactic Radio Sources (>1 Arcsecond)
Authors: A G Willis  
Published: January 2007

Current data on the structures of extended extragalactic radio sources are reviewed. The major technique used to study such sources is aperture synthesis. Thus the review begins with a brief description of the techniques used in aperture synthesis and the advantages and disadvantages of the method.
Section 2 contains a discussion of the source properties which can be derived from multi-wavelength aperture synthesis observations of an individual radio source. The following Sections 3 and 4 describe the general morphological characteristics of extended extragalactic radio sources. Some recent observations from the Westerbork radio telescope are used to illustrate these properties. Finally, Section 5 attempts to relate both morphological characteristics and integrated source parameters directly to activity within the nuclei of radio galaxies and quasars.
Structure and Time Variations of Compact Radio Sources in Galaxies and Quasars
Authors: K I Kellermann  
Published: January 2007

High resolution observations made with intercontinental arrays of up to seven radio telescopes permit resolutions better than one thousandth of an arc second, and have disclosed remarkably complex structure in the nuclei of galaxies and quasars. Dimensions as small as a few hundredths of a parsec have been measured for the nuclei of some nearby galaxies; the source at the nucleus of our own Galaxy contains a component only 7 A.U. across and puts a limit on the size of the fundamental energy machine at the Galactic nucleus.In some compact sources, individual components appear to separate with linear velocities well in excess of the speed of light. Although a variety of explanations have been offered, none are entirely satisfactory.
Study of S VII in the Vacuum Ultraviolet
Authors: H P Garnir  , Y Baudinet-Robinet  , P D Dumont  , M Eidelsberg  
Published: January 2007

The spectrum of S VII has been observed between 500 and 1200 Å using the beam-foil excitation and the triggered-spark source. Twelve new lines have been observed and classified as transitions between 2p53s, 3pand 3dconfigurations.Energies and designations are given for 12 new levels of these configurations. Lifetimes have been measured for 7 levels.
Inhibin: Regulation of reproductive function and practical use in females
Authors: MEDAN Mohamed S. , ARAI Koji Y. , WATANABE Gen , TAYA Kazuyoshi 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTInhibins are gonadal glycoprotein hormones selectively and potently inhibiting follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the pituitary gland. Inhibins are produced mainly by the ovary and are purified from follicular fluid. Inhibins were shown to be produced in two forms through dimeric assembly of an α‐subunit and one of two closely related β‐subunits to form inhibin A (α‐βA) and inhibin B (α‐βB). Although inhibin subunits are expressed in various tissues, the gonads are the major source of circulating inhibins. While inhibins may act as a paracrine or autocrine factor in some tissues, their best understood roles are as endocrine regulators of pituitary FSH. In this review we focus our attention on more recent developments in inhibin research. We describe patterns of inhibin A and B secretion during the estrous cycle. We also review the immunization against inhibin α subunit as a practical method for superovulation. Superovulation has been induced successfully by passive or active immunization against the inhibin α‐subunit in several species such as mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, cows, mares, ewes and goats. Furthermore, several studies have shown that oocytes superovulated with immunization against inhibin α‐subunit have the ability to develop normally, suggesting that inhibin immunization could be used as a practical method for superovulation in a wide range of animal species.
Mechanisms involved in the cytosolic calcium ion elevation induced by activating factors in chicken and rat phagocytes
Authors: YONG Sheng , ABE Asaki , KONDO Yasuhiro 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTThe aim of the present study was to determine the mechanism of cytosolic calcium ion concentration [Ca2+]ielevation in chicken and rat phagocytes stimulated with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), leukotriene B4(LTB4), formyl‐methionyl‐leucyl‐phenylananine (fMLP) andSaccaromyces cerevisiaeculture supernatant (SCS). Pretreatment with EGTA completely suppressed the PMA‐induced [Ca2+]ielevation in rat and chicken phagocytes, suggesting that all the [Ca2+]ielevation induced in the PMA‐stimulated rat and chicken phagocytes was attributable to the influx of extracellular Ca2+. On the other hand, the elevation of LTB4‐, FMLP‐ and SCS‐induced [Ca2+]iwas only partially suppressed by ethyleneglycol‐bis (β‐aminoethyl)‐N,N,N′,N′‐tetraacetic acid ethylene (EGTA) pretreatment of phagocytes. The results indicated that two pathways of [Ca2+]ielevation, recruitment from the intracellular Ca2+store and influx of extracellular Ca2+, are involved in the [Ca2+]ielevation of LTB4‐, fMLP‐ and SCS‐stimulated phagocytes. In fMLP‐stimulated rat neutrophils, [Ca2+]ielevation showed a two‐phase pattern in which the time lag between the first and second phase was approximately 1 min. The EGTA treatment of the fMLP‐stimulated cells induced a reduction of the first phase level and a disappearance of the second phase. The reason for the special influence of EGTA observed in fMLP‐stimulated cells is unknown, but the disappearance of the second phase of the [Ca2+]imay be elicited by the EGTA‐induced decrease of the first phase [Ca2+]ielevation that depends on IP3and diacylglycerol induced by fMLP.
Evidence‐based implementation of adult asthma guidelines in the emergency department: A controlled trial
Authors: Doherty Steven R , Jones Peter D , Davis Lin , Ryan Nicholas JV , Treeve Verity 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective:  To determine if an evidence‐based implementation (EBI) strategy could lead to the successful implementation of guidelines for the management of adult asthma in a large rural ED.Methods:  This was a pre‐ and post‐intervention trial, comparing data for seven clinical indicators from a study hospital and a control hospital. Retrospective pre‐intervention audits were conducted at the study hospital for 3 months (1 April−30 June 2004) and the control hospital for 4 months (1 March−30 June 2004). The effect of an EBI to implement established guidelines for the management of asthma at the study hospital was compared with the effect of a mail‐out of guideline booklets and wall charts to the control hospital. Post‐intervention audits were then performed at both hospitals. Sustainability of the EBI was gauged by 12 month follow‐up data at the study hospital.Results:  There were 55 presentations of adult asthma at the study hospital in the pre‐intervention phase and 67 post‐intervention. The corresponding numbers for the control hospital were 51 and 42, respectively. Following the EBI there were significant improvements at the study hospital for the documentation of severity (27–99%, P < 0.01), use of spirometry (38–84%, P < 0.01), medication delivery via spacer device (0–26%, P < 0.01), use of systemic steroids (66–84%P < 0.05), use of written short‐term asthma plans (14–82%, P < 0.01), reduction of ipratropium use in mild asthma (43–16%, P < 0.05) and reduction in antibiotic use in afebrile asthmatics (37–6%, P < 0.01). For the control hospital there was a significant increase in spirometry use from 2% to 40% (P < 0.01). For seven clinical indicators combined, compliance with the guideline increased from 38% to 79.1% (P < 0.01) at the study hospital, whereas there was no change at the control hospital, 44.3% to 43% (P = 0.75) There were 68 presentations at 12 month follow up at the study hospital and compliance with the seven clinical indicators was 78.2%.Conclusion:  An EBI significantly improved compliance at the study hospital with no improvement noted in the control hospital. These improvements were maintained at 12 month follow up. An EBI can lead to significant improvements in the management of asthma at a large rural referral hospital ED and might have implications for hospitals with similar roles and profiles.
Psychosocial Care Needs of Children With Recent‐Onset Asthma
Authors: McNelis Angela M. , Musick Beverly , Austin Joan K. , Larson Polly , Dunn David W. 
Published: January 2007

PURPOSE.  To examine psychosocial care needs of children with recent‐onset asthma. DESIGN/METHODS.  Data were collected over 2 years from 63 children ages 8–14 years. RESULTS.  Children's need for attention to specific aspects of their asthma care remained high over the 2 years, as did their perceived needs for information and support and their concerns and fears. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Children have many needs, and healthcare professionals may not be providing care that addresses these needs. The Child Report of Psychosocial Care can be used as a quick tool to assess and guide interventions related to specific areas of need.
Maturing Responsibility in Young Teens Participating in an Asthma Camp: Adaptive Mechanisms and Outcomes
Authors: Buckner Ellen B. , Simmons Sharon , Brakefield Jennifer A. , Hawkins Ashley K. , Feeley Christine , Kilgore Laura A. Frizzell , Holmes Suzanne , Bibb Melissa , Gibson Linda 
Published: January 2007

PURPOSE.  The purpose of this study was to describe adolescent adaptation in the four adaptive modes of the Roy Adaptation Model in campers attending a Young Teen Asthma Camp and relate that adaptation to the acquisition of asthma responsibility. DESIGN AND METHODS.  The camp experience included asthma education and an opportunity to grow socially. A quasi‐experimental design investigated ratings of self‐efficacy and responsibility from before to after camp. RESULTS.  Improvements in self‐efficacy supported adaptation in self‐concept and role function. Adolescents demonstrated maturing responsibility in asthma management in interdependence mode. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS.  Asthma camps are effective for delivering asthma education, enhancing maturation, and assisting with normalizing life experiences. Nurses can be instrumental in facilitating adolescents’ participation.
Presence of a Surface-Exposed Loop Facilitates Trypsinization of Particles of Sinsiro Virus, a Genogroup II.3 Norovirus
Authors: Kumar Shantanu , Ochoa Wendy , Kobayashi Shinichi , Reddy Vijay S. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACT
Noroviruses (NoVs) are the causative agents of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in humans. NoVs that belong to genogroup II (GII) are quite prevalent and prone to undergo recombination, and their three-dimensional structure is not yet known. Protein homology modeling of Sinsiro virus (SV), a member of the GII.3 NoVs, revealed the presence of a surface-exposed 20-amino-acid (aa) insertion in the P2 domain of the capsid protein (CP) relative to the Norwalk virus (NV) CP, which is a well known hot spot for mutations to counter the host immunological response. To further characterize the role of the long insertion in SV, the capsid protein gene was expressed using the recombinant baculovirus system. Trypsinization of the resultant virus-like particles yielded two predominant bands (31.7 and 26.1 kDa) in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Western blot analysis. N-terminal sequencing and analysis of the mass spectroscopic data indicated that these fragments correspond to residues 1 to 292 (26.1 kDa) and 307 to 544 (31.7 kDa). In addition, the above data taken together with the comparative modeling studies indicated that the trypsin cleavage sites of the Sinsiro virus CP, Arg292 and Arg307, are located at the beginning of and within the 20-aa insertion in the P2 domain, respectively. This study demonstrates that the presence of the surface-exposed loop in the GII.3 NoVs facilitates the trypsinization of the capsid protein in the assembled form. The SV particles remain intact even after trypsin digestion and retain the suggested receptor binding linear epitope of residues 325 to 334. The above results are distinct from those obtained from the trypsinization studies performed earlier on the NV (GI) and VA387 (GII) viruses, both of which lack the large surface insertion and associated basic residues. These new observations may have implications for host receptor binding, cell entry, and norovirus infection in general.
Cancer mortality in a synthetic spinning plant in Besançon, France
Authors: Hours M , Févotte J , Lafont S , Bergeret A 
Published: January 2007

Objectives:To assess the mortality of a cohort of workers in a synthetic textile spinning plant and to evaluate the relationship between mortality from lung, liver and bladder cancer and the processes or the products used.Methods:The study population consisted of male workers present for at least 6 months in the plant from 1968 to 1984. The cohort was followed until 1999. Vital status and the causes of death were determined by consulting national registries. The population of the Franche-Comté region was used for comparison. In total, 17 groups of exposure were assessed by the industrial hygienist, based on the consensus of an expert group that determined the exposure levels of each job to selected occupational hazards. Each worker was assigned to one or several groups, according to his occupational history. Confounding factors could not be assessed. Standardised mortality ratios (SMR) and 95% bilateral confidence intervals were calculated based on an assumed Poisson distribution of the number of cases to compare the plant mortality and the population mortality. Internal analyses were performed with Cox models in order to assess the risks of death related to the various exposures.Results:In the whole cohort, mortality from all malignant neoplasms was lower than expected, but this was not significant. All the estimated SMRs were lower than or close to 1. The “hot -line fitters” (RR = 2.13; n = 9; 1.06 to 4.29) and the “fibre-drawing workers” (RR = 1.83; n = 20;1.09 to 3.07) experienced a statistically significant excess in mortality from lung cancer. A slightly elevated but not significant risk of death related to lung cancer (RR = 1.5; n = 41; 0.8 to 2.7) was observed in the groups with the highest exposure to mineral fibres. A statistically significant increase in cancer deaths was observed for workers with high exposure to dust (higher intensity: RR = 1.42; n = 79; 1.06 to 1.89).Conclusion:Some findings, mainly of lung cancer, justify further exploration in other plants in this industry,
Auxin regulates lateral meristem activation in developing gametophytes ofCeratopteris richardii
Authors: Gregorich Michele , Fisher Roxanne 
Published: January 2007

This study investigates the auxin regulation of lateral meristem activation in the gametophytes of the fern Ceratopteris richardii Brongn. Exogenous auxin in the form of α-naphthaleneacetic acid or 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy-acetic acid repressed the activation of the lateral meristem, and generated a male-like body plan. The auxin antagonist p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid reduced activity of both the apical and lateral meristems, and produced a circular-shaped gametophyte. Disrupting auxin transport with 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid led to a time lag in lateral meristem activation, while disrupting auxin transport with n-1-naphthylphthalamic acid produced several different body plans generated by the formation of a second lateral meristem. These findings suggest auxin mediates the activation of the lateral meristem and regulates lateral meristem function. In addition, auxin transport may be necessary for communication between the lateral meristem and other regions of the developing gametophyte. Auxin also controls the position of rhizoids produced by the gametophyte, and exogenous auxin interferes with the sexual differentiation of the gametophyte. These results are summarized in a model of how auxin regulates lateral meristem activation and meristem activity during gametophyte development in C. richardii.
Reproductive consequences of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (Ascomycota) infection on wild bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Authors: Bénard-Capelle Julien , Soubeyrand Samuel , Neema Claire 
Published: January 2007

Fungal plant parasites can have strong reproductive consequences on their hosts, but little is known about the amount of parasite-induced fitness loss under natural conditions. We present data from wild populations of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum Sacc. & Magn., a fungal parasite that attacks the wild common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). We estimated disease prevalence in two populations and fungal virulence by examining naturally infected plants for three fitness-related traits: number of seeds per pod, mass of seed per pod, and germination rate. We observed that C. lindemuthianum infected nearly all plants in the study populations, but that the amount of infected pods per plant varied greatly. In addition, infection was associated with a reduction of host fitness-related traits only in pods with sporulating lesions. These findings suggest that C. lindemuthianum may constitute a significant selection pressure in wild populations, and that impact of spore production on host fitness may influence virulence evolution in this fungus.
Unraveling theAsteromenia peltataspecies complex with clarification of the generaHalichrysisandDrouetia(Rhodymeniaceae, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Saunders Gary W. , Lane Christopher E. , Schneider Craig W. , Kraft Gerald T. 
Published: January 2007

The senior author was fortunate in 1996 to dive on the remote Houtman Abrolhos Islands of Western Australia and view in situ the stunning “ Asteromenia peltata ” that is so strikingly illustrated by John Huisman (viewable on AlgaeBase). Five years later, during excursions to Bermuda and Lord Howe Island (tropical eastern Australia), he observed and collected specimens referable to this species in both these localities. Based on their respective appearances in the field, it seemed unlikely that these entities from geographically remote regions represented the same species. Our molecular results not only confirm this suspicion, but further indicate that A. peltata sensu lato constitutes a complex of at least five distinct species. We restrict A. peltata to one of two species found in the western (sub)tropical North Atlantic, the second described herein as A. bermudensis sp. nov. Samples from Western Australia represent an undescribed species, A. exanimans sp. nov., while two entities collected from Lord Howe Island (A. anastomosans (Weber-van Bosse) comb. nov. and A. pseudocoalescens sp. nov.) conform to records variously reported as Asteromenia peltata and Drouetia coalescens . Specimens of D. coalescens from South Africa are also not representative of the genus Drouetia , but form a novel lineage within the Rhodymeniaceae. We included two species of Halichrysis in our molecular analyses and, in combination with observations of salient anatomical features, provide arguments for maintaining Asteromenia, Drouetia, and Halichrysis as distinct genera.