bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Role of Environmental Costs and Liabilities in the Decision Making Process of Oil & Gas Exploration and Production Companies
Authors: Borghini S. , Bartolomeo M. , Molinari M. , Ratti S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper investigates the opportunities of using management accounting as an environmental management tool in oil and gas exploration and production industries and in particular its possible relevance in improving both business decision making process and environmental performances. The empirical research relied on the case study of a representative firm: the largest Italian industry involved in the petroleum production (ENI-Agip Exploration & Production Division). The focus of this case study is the corporate environmental costs recording and the role of environmental costs and liabilities in decision making process at unit and corporate level. The results of the research demonstrated that when pooling is done at operating level managers have a good understanding of the environmental costs for which are responsible and that environmental liabilities can be included in the long term project assessment.
Health Aspects of Work In Extreme Cold Within the E&P Industry
Authors: Barbey A. , Clyde D. , Covil M. , Dahl-Hansen E. , Dawson D. , de Jong G. , Dugelay F. , Jones D. S. , Keech J. , Murray W. , Reinertsen R. , Rodier J. , Ross J. , Thomas I. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Company and contractor have a joint commitment to health risk management stated in health polices and should develop a health management system which needs to be based on a full and careful appraisal of the health hazards to which personnel will be exposed.
One of these health hazards is the climate in which people live and work. A set of guidelines on cold has been prepared for member companies of the Exploration and Production Forum. Future guidelines are in preparation concerning work in hot climates.
Work in the cold poses a certain number of acute daily problems. As long as the employee is in a protected environment (base, housing, camp), the risk is minimal. However, as soon as he or she steps out into the extreme cold, he or she is exposed to a large number of potential problems.
These guidelines, which target line management as well as the company health professionals, aim at preventing accidents, illness and loss of life by providing useful information.
It is important to remember that these guidelines are primarily aimed at the protection and maintenance of health and that, in certain situations, additional measures may be required to ensure effective and efficient performance.
Staying healthy in the cold for days and weeks is possible, providing one is physically and mentally prepared and has access to the correct equipment. However, one's condition is also dependant on the application of sensible precautions based on knowledge of the local conditions and of personal limitations.
A New, Risk Based Management System for the Health, Safety and Environmental Assurance of Third Party Services
Authors: Pine T. K. , Sealy I. M. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Over the past four years a new program for the management of health, safety and environmental performance of companies directly, or indirectly contracted to BPX(Alaska) has been developed. This program introduced substantial and fundamental changes in the roles and responsibilities of the parties involved.
Historically the E&P company, or customer, identified the risks related to a contract. Contractor programs frequently lacked structure, contractual responsibilities were often loosely defined and requirements varied amongst contracts. The introduction of new, global corporate performance expectations, the need to improve contractor incident rates, changing regulatory requirements, fundamental changes in customer - contractor relationships and a desire to achieve a zero-incident workplace were among the motivations for the development of a new contractor HSE system.
The cornerstones of the new program are a uniform set of contractor expectations and the use of contract specific risk identification, performed by the customer and contractor in partnership. An eight step process has been developed: definition of scope-of-work; analysis of gaps between customer expectations and contractor systems; identification of hazards related to contracted activities; assessment of risks associated with identified hazards; development of a Plan to manage risks; agreement of interfaces between customer, contractor and other parties; communication of the Plan and Interfaces; periodic review.
The paper describes, in detail both the development and the application of the new program. The implementation of the program in a group of fifteen contracts, representing direct, third-party or sub-contractor and alliance relationships with BPX(Alaska) is used as a case study. This case study: considers the ability of the various organizations involved in the process to understand and learn from the assurance process; compares the risk based safety management process to the previous, rules based process; reviews the impact of the variety of contractor management systems in use amongst the subject organizations.
A New Model for Integrity in Management Systems
Authors: Hudson P. , Riley E. D. , Gidley J. K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The need for a simplified approach to the development and implementation of management systems is described. The potential benefit to be derived from a set of core organizational and management competencies is outlined. The systems approach and competencies are designed to actively eradicate or minimize the latent or potential causes of operational loss, such as service failures, environmental incidents, and accidents.
This paper discusses the reasoning for adopting an integrated approach to management systems for regulatory compliance, health, environment, quality, and safety. It describes the derivation and development of a "principle" based management process that encompasses the planning, implementation and execution of change and continuous improvement.
Developing an EHS Advantage for International Operations
Authors: Wills Thomas L. , Glencross Colette M. , Farrell Don 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Texaco International Production (TIP) is an upstream organization with operating companies in a number of non-U.S. locations. These diverse operations present challenges in effectively managing environment, health and safety (EHS) issues in a manner that supports, integrates and aligns with the respective business objectives of the individual country organizations while achieving EHS success. These challenges lie in the diversity among the country organizations. They arise as a result of language and cultural differences, disparate operational needs, the degree of sophistication and self-sufficiency of the EHS component within the country organization, and differences in the legal and regulatory climate among the various countries.
This paper describes TIP's development of a system called EHS Advantage developed to create and roll-out EHS initiatives designed to accomplish the full alignment and integration of EHS issues into the line operations of the company. The process is built on the active involvement of senior management, operations management and EHS professionals within TIP. Further, it includes an array of guidance materials, resources, measures and "tools" that are made available to the country business units in a timely and very usable format. Finally EHS Advantage establishes compelling incentives to all parties to make the system succeed and, as a direct result, enable TIP to succeed. Throughout the system the emphasis of EHS Advantage is placed on promoting support and achievement of TIP business objectives.
Investing in Natural Systems: Using Trees and Forests to Achieve Environmental Objectives
Authors: Falconer John 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The interaction between man and his natural surroundings has been an issue for millennia as we have sought to build our economy while maintaining the values of our natural resources. Over the past several decades, public perceptions about the need for environmental improvement have focused on limiting the negative impact that humans have on natural values, such as wildlife, biological diversity, and air and water quality. As we approach the end of this millennium, our environmental paradigm is beginning to encompass the use of natural systems to achieve broader objectives.
This paper considers two important environmental issues: Global climate change and urban development. Both issues are tied to population growth and energy use, where many of the response strategies are focused. Below we explore strategies for addressing these issues through forestry projects that provide low cost, multiple benefit alternatives that are good for both business and the environment.
Health, Safety and Environment Integrated Management System in Amazônia
Authors: da Fonseca Venina Velosa , Filho Jorge Amorim Pereira 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The PETROBRÁS Exploration and Production procedures in Brazilian Amazon Rain Forest started in the 80‘s. In 1987. a group of scientists sponsored by PETROBRÁS visited the area and suggested some actions in order to minimize environment's impacts due E&P activities. A productive pilot project started the Petroleum commercial extraction in 1988 and during the last 10 years these advises have been conducted.
The E&P – Amazon Exploration and Production activities are located in Solimões and Amazon Basin embodying the Urucu's Oil and Gas Province, in the Municipality of Coari. Amazonas State.
Between January 1997 and January 1998 the Exploration and Production management implanted an administration system which linked environment, security and health to the business. His systems is based on normative criterions of NBR IS014001 / 1996 version e BS 8800 / 1996 version The system covers all the Operation Unit in all legal capacity area, it represents a closely total of 2.390.500 square kilometers, allocated in ten states.
In 1998. January the Bureau Veritas Quality International credential the system with the subsequent scope:
"Petroleum and natural gas exploration and production in Amazon region, concerning the following activities: geophysical and geological data acquisition and processing, geological interpretation (evaluation), reserves and reservoir managing, well drilling, oil, gas and diesel, production and processing."
Evaluation Process of the Safety Systems in the Brazilian Oil Industry
Authors: Igrejas Lopes Filho Luiz 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
With the goal to promote the search for continual improvement to the Industrial Safety function in an oil company with 42,000 employees, the Board of Directors of Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. - PETROBRAS established an evaluation process which considers assessment, every two years, of the Industrial Safety Management Systems of facilities. The process includes the rewarding of the operational unit that highlights the best Safety Management System.
The article will describe the methodologies used in the evaluation process, which is based on the British Standard BS 8800 - Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems (1) and on the evaluation procedures of the National Criteria for Performance Excellence which emulates the American Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award (2). The paper will also present the evaluation process methodology from the beginning: the first requirements, the development of the presentation report, the training scheme of the auditors and the field evaluation step, up to the definition of the facilities which got the most distinction in relation to Industrial Safety Management. The goals achieved by PETROBRAS with the establishment of this award will also be shown.
This work started in 1995 and it is in its second evaluation edition and due to its results PETROBRAS was rewarded with the ALASEHT - Associação Latino Americana de Segurança e Higiene no Trabalho distinction.
Environmental Regulation of the Oil and Gas Industry in Venezuela
Authors: Slocum Dean A. , Sanchez Juan Carlos , Barrios Rosalba 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The opening ("apertura") process for Venezuela's industries has brought a rush of foreign investment and companies to the country's oil fields, mines, manufacturing enterprises, and other industries. Accompanying these changes, Venezuela's government has sought to clarify its environmental legislation and make it more specific to new industrial activities, including oil industry ventures. The resulting developments in Venezuela's environmental regulations, standards, and expectations has been the subject of much speculation and concern by international oil companies interested in entering Venezuela through the apertura.
This paper provides a perspective of how environmental regulations and expectations affect international oil industry ventures in Venezuela. In addition to highlighting the key features of the present regulations pertaining to the industry, the authors will identify the key stakeholders influencing the application of environmental standards, and consider the implications or impacts of these regulations on the success of oil industry ventures. Some of the impacts that have been observed, for example, include: The increasing stringency in environmental regulation and expectations has not diminished the initiative of international industries to enter into new ventures in VenezuelaMany international companies which have successfully entered ventures in Venezuela through the opening believe that one factor for their success in being selected for entry and gaining necessary financing is their strong environmental programs and track record (i.e., this has been a competitive advantage for them in Venezuela)
Finally, we will present our view of certain environmental management and project management practices that may be particularly successful responses to the challenges presented by the growing expectations.
Crisis Management Systems for Emergency Scenarios in International Operations
Authors: Carrithers Jon R. , DeHart Robert E. , Geaneas Paul Z. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A crisis management system has been developed that adapts the Incident Command System (ICS) to the management of a multitude of crisis or emergency scenarios that may impact international exploration and producing (E&P) operations. The system provides processes to mitigate and manage health, safety, environmental, security and business interruption emergencies that may occur to businesses operating in diverse worldwide locations. An Emergency Preparedness Plan (EPP) template was developed to provide the structure and resources to aid venture management and staff to accomplish notifications, establish integrated response teams at tiered levels, identify emergency response actions, implement documentation systems, plan for site safety, organize and track response logistics, and accomplish post-incident assessment. Tactical and strategic issues are defined in detail for seventeen incident scenarios to include terrorism, medical, aircraft, fire and spill incidents, among others. The Emergency Preparedness Plan development process and subsequent training of affiliate personnel is described. Economy of scale benefits to Mobil worldwide businesses and the results of implementation are discussed.
A New Standard in Rig Communication and Safety Signs Designed to Cross National Language and Cultural Boundaries, Enhancing Rig Safety Information and Hazard Awareness
Authors: van Rooyen James F. , Lace Neil 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper presents an innovative rig communication and safety sign standard developed by Schlumberger, Sedco Forex in conjunction with Seaward Safety for use on their Drilling Units operating Worldwide. This standard has been specifically designed to enhance personnel awareness of hazardous areas and operations, mandatory requirements and prohibited actions. Although initially designed for Drilling Operations, the concept for the Safety Sign Standard could be used in any industry throughout the World.
Historically on Schlumberger, Sedco Forex drilling units, safety signs were installed on an "as and when" required basis in various languages and formats often with little or no consideration to content and culture, ergonomic effectiveness and the visual impact of these signs on rig personnel.
The multitude of signs posted at a rig site was compounded by frequent relocation's and movements of the rig from one country to another, from successive clients, each with their own specific requirements for Safety Signs. This often resulted in an over abundance and duplication of Safety Signs leading to a confused appearance with significant loss of visual impact and effectiveness.
Study of World Class HES Practices
Authors: Strand Finn 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
To support company HES policies and goals Statoil in 1996/97 carried out an extensive benchmarking project studying "state of the art" world wide. The project aimed at comparing Statoil with world-class companies in terms of HES performance, but even more important, to identify the practices which had yielded good results at these companies, and then to lay the basis for implementing new and better practices at Statoil. It should be emphasised that the good practice we found in our partners did not represent unfamiliar or revolutionary approaches to HES work. Many of the principles, systems and measures we identified in these companies are known – and have also been adopted in Statoil. However, what characterises HES management at our partners is a consistent, systematic and purpose for use of measures which yield good results.
Environmental Impact Assessment of Deepwater Exploratory Drilling Offshore Nigeria from Desktop Studies
Authors: Imevbore V. O. , Omole O. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The need to explore and develop the Nigerian offshore hydrocarbon resource potential has resulted in the award, in the last five years, of Nigerian deepwater offshore-blocks to a number of international oil and gas exploration and production companies. As activities aimed at resource exploitation in developed and developing countries increase, the associated potential environmental degradation continues to generate concern. That economic development and environmental management should be pursued hand in hand, has led to increased oil industry awareness and activities towards complying with a plethora of local and international regulations.
Although not a permit requirement in Nigeria, desktop Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) have been carried out for a number of deepwater exploratory drilling activities.
The paper presents the typical scope and content of a desktop EIA study for deepwater exploratory drilling offshore Nigeria. The general features of the deepwater physical, chemical, biological and socio-economic environments, the use of oil spill drift and weathering simulations, and based on the perceived activity/environment interactions and resource sensitivity, the impacts of deepwater exploratory drilliing are briefly discussed.
The desktop studies meet basic EIA requirements in that they contain an inventory of pertinent environmental attributes, evaluate activity/environment interactions in terms of potential deleterious effects such activities may have on the environment and recommend environmental degradation mitigation measures where applicable.
Underground Storage of Natural Gas in Unlined Hard Rock Caverns
Authors: Heath S. M. , Hodrien R. C. , Kostakis E. , Harrison J. P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Gas migration through a water filled fracture has been studied. An experimental facility was used which comprised of an acrylic cast of a natural fracture, this allowed viewing of bubble migration. Various pressure and flow rate conditions were investigated, together with the effects of changes in the fracture inclination angle.
A literature review highlighted that there are no models currently available which can estimate bubble growth rate, bubble size at the entrance to a fracture, or for discrete bubble flow. A mathematical model was developed to this end.
This paper describes the experimental processes undertaken, the development of the mathematical model, and a comparison between both experimental and predicted results.
Salt Solution Caverns for Petroleum Industry Toxic Granular Solid Waste Disposal
Authors: Duyvestyn Glenn M. , Davidson Brett C. , Dusseault Maurice B. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Placement of solid wastes in dissolved caverns in salt is increasingly being viewed as an environmentally secure technology for low-toxicity wastes such as foundry sands (heavy metals), contaminated soil and other granular solid waste streams. Costs of salt cavern disposal probably eliminates their use for large volumes of non-toxic wastes, but permanent entombment of toxic materials in salt caverns is economically competitive to other alternative disposal or storage approaches. Salt caverns in Alberta and Saskatchewan at depths of 1,200-1,500 m are being used for disposal of non-toxic materials (non-hazardous oilfield wastes) and for storage of natural gas and liquids (propane, glycol, etc.). Low to medium toxicity oilfield wastes can be economically and securely placed in salt solution caverns using an engineered slurry approach. Effective cavern disposal requires a design and monitoring strategy to optimize cavern utilization and to demonstrate environmental security for waste containment.
This article is conceptual in nature; however, its conclusions and observations are based firmly on extensive laboratory, field, and modeling experience in salt rocks, applied to caverns and to underground mines.
P. 239
Modelling of Effects of Drilling Fluid Temperature on Wellbore Stability
Authors: Choi S.K. , Tan C.P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A numerical thermo-poro-elasticity model which can model time-dependent changes in stresses and pore fluid pressure induced by thermal and fluid diffusion has been developed. The model results agree well with analytical solutions for the instantaneous fluid injection of a poro-elastic medium. The results of some simple numerical experiments show that the computed changes in effective stresses, strains and pore pressure satisfy the constitutive equations for the thermo-poroelastic medium used in the model.
The model results showed that difference in temperature between drilling fluid and formation can induce significant changes in pore fluid pressure and effective stresses around the wellbore wall. The extent of the effects vary significantly with thermal diffusivity of the formation. In general, cooling the formation tend to increase the stability of the wellbore while the reverse applies to heating of the formation. The results also show the importance of considering the geothermal gradient, and thermal and fluid transport properties of shales in wellbore stability analysis and development of recommendations to manage instability.
P. 471