bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
BIOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON “SOTETSU” (Cycas revoluta Thunb.). IV. ON SOTETSU-EMULSIN
Authors: Nishida Kôtaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The principal experimental results described above are summarized as follows:
(1) Sotetsu-seed contains a glucoside of formaldehyde and this substance splits off formaldehyde by the action of sotetsu-emulsin.
(2) The emulsin was easily prepared from sotetsu-seed and some of its properties were studied in the case of salicin as substrate.
(3) The sotetsu-emulsin exhibited maximum activity in the solution of pB. near 5.0.
(4) It was observed that the optimum temperature of sotetsuemulsin for salicin hydrolysis is 55–60°C. near the optimum hydrogen ion concentration.
(5) In the reaction course of sotetsu-emulsin for salicin hydrolysis, the monomolecular reaction constant increased in course of time.
(6) The reaction velocity of salicin hydrolysis is proportional to the amount of sotetsu-emulsin.
(7) The salicin in 15 c.c. of 1% solution was completely hydrolysed by the action of sotetsu-emulsin in 5 c.c. of 0.8% solution, at the end of 8 hours in the digestion mixture of pH value 4.8 and temperature 37°C.
THE HIGHLY UNSATURATED ACIDS IN SARDINE OIL. X. THE SEPARATION OF HIGHLY UNSATURATED C24-ACIDS
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A concentrated fraction of highly unsaturated acids was separated from sardine oil by means of sodium-soap-acetone method, and was distilled as its methyl esters up to 215°/2 mm. The residue from the distillation consisted mainly of the methyl esters of highly unsaturated C24-acids and some polymerised products. The free fatty acids liberated from the residue were separated into the fractions of different degrees of unsaturation by means of fractional precipitation of sodium soaps in acetone. The fraction of the highest degree of unsaturation consisted of nisinic acid C24H36O2. Examination of other fractions seemed to indicate the presence of some less unsaturated acids, such as C24H38O2 and C24H40O2, but no individual acids other than nisinic acid were separated.
HEXADECENOL AND TETRADECENOL IN SPERM HEAD OIL
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Hexadecenol and tetradecenol have been isolated from the unsaponifiable matter of sperm head oil, and the acetates of these alcohols have been oxidised with potassium permanganate in glacial acetic acid. From the results of an examination of the oxidation products, the constitutions of these alcohols have been established as follows:
Δ 9:10-Hexadecenol (zoomaryl alcohol) CH3·(CH2)5CH=CH·(CH2)7·CH2OH
Δ 5:6-Tetradecenol (physeteryl alcohol) CH3·(CH2)7CH=CH·(CH2)3·CH2OH
It is thus seen that hexadecenol and tetradecenol in sperm head oil are the mono-ethylenic alcohols corresponding to zoomaric acid (Δ9:10-hexadecenoic acid) and physeteric acid (Δ5:6-tetradecenoic acid) respectively.
THE ELECTROLYTIC FORMATION OF SODIUM PERBORATE. Part I
Authors: Matsuda Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) It is shown that under certain conditions there is no distinction between electrolysis with diaphragm and that without it as regard to the current efficiency of perborate production and it is possible to disuse diaphragm without affecting the current efficiency.
(2) The presence of a comparatively large amount of potassium chromate is harmful to the perborate production. When present in a small amount, however, it is not harmful but, then, advantage owing to its presence is not so considerable as was generally accepted.
(3) Effects of adding potassium sulphate and potassium chloride are studied.
(4) Current efficiency is increased, when a solution containing sodium carbonate and borax is electrolysed, by replenishing borax and carbon dioxide.
(5) Electrolyses of metaborate solutions, rates of thermal decomposition of percarbonate and perborate solutions as well as stability of perborate in the course of electrolysis are studied and consequently it is concluded that perborate is probably, in the electrochemical process, a secondary product of the anodic reaction, the primary one being percarbonate.
ON THE OIL OF HOKKE (Pleurogrammus monopterygius, Pallas), WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THE OCCURRENCE OF NEW HIGHLY UNSATURATED C28-FATTY ACIDS
Authors: Ueno Sei-ichi , Iwai Masayoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical and physical characteristics of a sample of the oil of “Hokke” (pleurogrammus monopterygius, Pallas) have been determined. In the investigation of higher fraction and distillation residue, the authors have recognized the probable existences of highly unsaturated fatty acids of higher molecules such as nisinic acid C24H36O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)6), scoliodonic acid C24H38O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)5), thynnic acid C26H40O2 ((Remark: Graphics omitted.)6), sibic acid C26H42O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)5), and highly unsaturated fatty C28-acid such as C28H46O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)5), etc. In addition to these compounds, it appears also to contain C28H42O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)7), C28H44O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)6), etc. Highly unsaturated C28-fatty acids have not yet been reported as occurring in any other oils.
Since the authors found shortly before scoliodonic acid C24H38O2((Remark: Graphics omitted.)5), in a shark liver oil (Scoliodon laticaudus Müller and Henle), the research of these kinds of highly unsaturated fatty acids of higher molecules became to arous interest in our country. Thus, Y. Toyama and T. Tsuchiya(6) found nisinic acid C24H36O2 and scoliodonic acid C21H38O2 in herring oil, sardine oil and other fish oils, S. Ueno and C. Yones(7) detected not only these new acids, but also thynnic acid C26H40O2, sibic acid C26H42O2, etc.
In consideration of the distribution of constituent acids in several kinds of fish oils, the general distribution curves of fatty acid shown in Fig. 2 can be assumed. From curve III, it is evident that the highly unsaturated C28-acids have a possible existence. Nevertheless, to our vexation in the present experiment, these compounds have not been isolated in a pure state, but their occurrence could only be suggested by the bromine contests of bromides.
Unsaponifiable substance contain 35.4% of cholesterol C27H46O, and the remainder, which is in liquid state, seems to be composed chiefly of oleyl alcohol C18H38OH.
It is a characteristic of this oil that it contains comparatively large quantities of higher molecular C20- and C22-acids, among which the authors have isolated an acid C22H42O2, undoubtedly cetoleic acid.
THE HIGHLY UNSATURATED ACIDS IN SARDINE OIL. XIII. OXIDATION OF METHYL CLUPANODONATE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IN ACETONE SOLUTION
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Methyl clupanodonate has been oxidised with potassium permanganate in acetone solution. Among the oxidation products propionic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid and methyl hydrogen succinate have been identified. Of these compounds acetic acid is believed to be formed by the secondary decomposition of malonic acid. Accordingly the presence of above-mentioned oxidation products gives an indication of the presence of the following groups in clupa-nodonic acid jointed by ethylenic linkings thus: CH3·CH2·CH=, =CH·CH2CH=, three of =CH·(CH2)2·CH=, and =CH·(CH2)2·COOH. These results agree fully with those obtained in a previous experiment of the ozonolysis of amyl clupanodonate.
THE HIGHLY UNSATURATED ACIDS IN SARDINE OIL. XIV. OXIDATION OF POTASSIUM CLUPANODONATE WITH POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION
Authors: Toyama Yoshiyuki , Tsuchiya Tomotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Potassium clupanodonate has been oxidised with potassium permanganate in alkaline solution under cooling. Among the oxidation products, propionic, acetic and succinic acids have been separated. Also the presence of malonic acid is indicated. Of these compounds acetic acid is believed to be formed by a further degradation of malonic acid, and consequently the above results show that the respective groups jointed by the ethylenic linkings in clupano-donic acid are CH3·CH2·CH=, =CH·CH2·CH=, three of =CH·(CH2)2·CH=, and =CH·(CH2)2·COOH, provided the terminal group containing the carboxyl group is assumed to be =CH·(CH2)2·COOH. The results of the present experiment agree fully with those obtained in tile previous experiments of the ozonolysis of amyl clupanodonate and the permanganate oxidation of methyl clupanodonate in acetone solution.
On the Silver Oxide Positive of the Alkaline Accumulator. I
Authors: Kinoshita Kyôji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) A cell was constructed from the silver positive and iron negative in KOH solution, and the charge and discharge curves of the positive were examined.
(2) It was known that the discharge curve runs in two steps in general, which can be interpreted by assuming that there occurs the following consecutive chemical reactions.
Ag_2O_2→Ag_2O→2Ag
(3) The chemical analysis of the active material of charged silver positive supports the above consideration.
(4) The coefficient of utility of the active material of the silver positive is much higher than that of the lead peroxide positive of the lead acid cell.
Cryoscopic Studies on the Transition Points of the Compounds of Organic Solvents with Salts. III. The Congruent Melting Points of some Alcoholates of Alkali Halides
Authors: Oosaka Hazime 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The lowerings of the congruent melting points of the alcoholates: LiCl·3CH3OH, LiCl·3CH3OH, LiCL·4C2H5OH, LiBr·4C2H5OH, and LiBr·4n-C3H7OH by the addition of foreign substances have been measured and the molecular depressions referred to 100 g. of each alcohol have been determined.
(2) From these cryoscopic constants the heats of fusion of the alcoholates have been calculated.
(3) When homologues of the solvent alcohol have been used as solutes, abnormally low values have been obtained for the cryoscopic constant. This discrepancy may be considered as due to the formation of a solid solution between the alcoholate and the solute alcohol and this fact has been semi-quantitatively verified.
Studies on the Flow of Gaseous Mixtures through Capillaries. I The Viscosity of Binary Gaseous Mixtures
Authors: Adzumi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Viscosities of six following simple gases and seven binary gaseous mixtures have been measured by the transpiration method over the temperature range between 20° and 100 °C.
&H_2,CH_4,C_2H_2,C_3H_6,C_3H_8,H_2∼CH_4,H_2∼C_2H_2,
&H_2∼C_2H_6,H_2∼C_3H_6,CH_4∼C_2H_2,C_2H_2∼C_3H_6,C_3H_6∼C_3H_8.
(2) The viscosities of the first four mixtures attain maximum values at definite compositions, which are about 20% of H2 for the mixture H2∼CH4 and about 70–80% of H2 for the other three.
(3) Of several formulae proposed to express the viscosity of gaseous mixtures, that in which Kuenen’s consideration of the persistence of molecular velocity is introduced seems to be the most appropriate. The results of observation can be expressed satisfactorily by that formula, if we take a proper value for one of Sutherland’s constants which is due to the attraction between the different molecules and can not be determined directly.
(4) The theoretical consideration of this Sutherland’s constant by Schmick and London have been examined by thirty-two examples.
(5) The conditions for the occurrence of a maximum and a minimum points have been obtained from the discussion of the viscosity formula and these have been examined numerically for fifty-five mixtures, and found to be always correct except for only five cases.
The viscosity-composition curve deviates in general from a straight line. The deviation depends on the ratios of molecular weights, molecular diameters, and Sutherland’s constants of two component gases. Especially the maximum point is very liable to occur if the ratio of two molecular weights is great.
(6) It has been shown that, if the persistence of molecular velocity be neglected, the condition for the occurrence of a maximum point cannot be fulfilled and the consideration of the persistence is absolutely necessary to explain this point.
(7) The composition of the maximum point displaces with the change of temperature. This is found to be due to the difference of Sutherland’s constants of two component gases.
(8) The mean free path of each component gas has been calculated. Generally the smaller mean free paths increases in the presence of molecules with the greater mean free paths and vice versa, excepting a few cases.
Adsorption of Solvent Vapour by the Solute Crystal
Authors: Uhara Ituro , Nakamura Morizumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) When some quantity of the solvent vapour is adsorbed by the solute crystal, a sort of solution is formed in the adsorbed layer.
(2) Lumping of the powder, surface conductivity of the crystal, and the increase of the velocity of reactions between solids are explained as the result of the mobility of ions (or molecules) in this layer at the crystal surface.
Studies on the Flow of Gaseous Mixtures through Capillaries. II. The Molecular Flow of Gaseous Mixtures
Authors: Adzumi Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The quantities of the following simple gases and gaseous mixtures flowing through the capillary at very low pressures have been measured.
H2, C2H2, C3H6, H2∼C2H2, H2∼C3H6.
(2) The rates of the molecular flow of simple gases are expressed satisfactorily by Knudsen’s formula.
(3) The rates of the molecular flow of mixtures are considered to be additive of the components. This consideration has been confirmed by the measurements of the quantities of flow of mixtures.
(4) The changes of the compositions of the mixtures after flowing through the capillary at low pressures have been measured and the results show also the validity of the additivity law.
Studies on the Aqueous Solutions of Some Chromic Salts. II. Modified Green Chromic Sulphate, Ol Green Chromic Chloride and Green Chromic Sulphate
Authors: Sueda Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) For the modified green chromic sulphate, the formula μ-olmono- or di-sulphato-di-chromic sulphate has been deduced (i) from its absorption spectra, (ii) from the quantities of sulphuric acid produced when this salt is formed from violet chromic sulphate, and (iii) from the sulphate ions which is precipitated by barium chloride in various dilutions.
(2) When hydroxo-pentaquo chromic chloride solution was heated, the author recognized the production of ol-compound, to which the formula di-ol-octaquo-di-chromic chloride has been given.
(3) The modification of the green chromic sulphate in aqueous solution, produced on standing, or on heating, or on adding sodium hydroxide, has been discussed.
X-Ray Spectroscopic Determination of Lanthanum, Neodymium and Gadolinium in the Presence of Other Rare Earth Elements
Authors: Kimura Kenjiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Lanthanum in a rare earth mixture can be determined by comparing the intensity of its Lβ2 line with that of the cerium Lβ3 line.
(2) Neodymium in a rare earth mixture can be determined by comparing the intensity of its La1 line with that of the cerium Lβ1 line.
(3) Gadolinium in a rare earth mixture can be determined by comparing the intensity of its La1 line with that of the neodymium Lβ2 line.
Studies on the Oiliness of Liquids. V. Lubricants Consisting of Two or Three Chemical Compounds
Authors: Akamatu Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The static boundary frictions were measured when some binary or ternary mixtures were placed on the glass surfaces. The results suggest that: (i) the friction is governed by the surfaces with adsorbed layer of lubricant, and (ii) the reducing power of friction depends upon the individual molecular constitution of the molecules which are adsorbed preferentially by the friction surface, rather than the stability of the film.
Selective adsorption by the glass surface has been investigated, and some examples has been reported.
Polymerisation of Tung Oil. I
Authors: Tatimori Monzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Tung oil was polymerised up to gelation at various temperatures from 206 to 245°C. In the course of cooking, density, iodine value, relative viscosity, and refractive index were measured.
(2) Density, iodine value, and refractive index change rather quickly at the beginning but slowly towards the end of polymerisation. The viscosity changes, however, in opposite sense.
(3) The constants of raw oil and of polymerised oil just before the gelation are as follows.
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
(4) A new method to obtain the reaction constant is proposed for reactions of the type A + A→A2.
(5) This method was applied to the polymerisation of tung oil and the following conclusions were obtained.
(6) The polymerisation is a second order reaction as determined by both refractive index and iodine value.
(7) The polymerisation velocity was calculated between 206 and 245°C.
(8) The heat of activation was found to be ca. 24,000 cal.
(9) The temperature coefficients of the reaction per ten degrees is 1.55–1.67, in the temperature range from 210 to 240°C.
A Study of Passivity of Iron Using Electron Diffraction
Authors: Iimori Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The transmissional electron diffraction pattern of the isolated film from passive iron and the reflectional one obtained from iron rendered passive in a chromate solution are in both cases either γ-Fe2O3 or Fe3O4. Collaborating with the author’s previous work and consideration of the passivity of Fe3O4, the protective oxide film is believed to be γ-Fe2O3.
Absorption Spectra of Co-ordination Compounds. I
Authors: Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The origins of absorption bands of co-ordination compounds have been discussed.
(2) The first band is attributed to electron transitions in the unsaturated transition shell of the central ion. The band, therefore, appears only when the central ion is of a transition element.
(3) The shift of the first band by substitution of ligands may be explained by postulating that the electron transitions are more or less depressed by the negative field of the ligand, which may conveniently be represented by P, the energy of approach of the ligand, i.e., the work done by the ligand if it were to approach from infinity to the seat of coordination. The ascending order of P i.e., the sequence of hypsochromic effect, is theoretically
NH_3, H_2O, F^-, Cl^-, Br^-, I^-.
The empirically obtained order of hypsochromic effect on the first band is
& NO_2^-, NH_3, ONO^-, H_2O, NCS^-, NO_3^-, SO_4^-,
& OH^-, C_2O_4^-, CO_3^-, S_2O_3^-, Cl^-, CrO_4^-, Br^-.
All the experimental rules so far obtained of the shifts of the first bands by substitutions of ligands may be explained by the hypothesis.
(4) The first is more or less additive. The complexes which have ligands situated far apart in the spectrochemical series have broader and less symmetrical first bands than those which contain only one kind of ligands.
(5) The second band may be attributed to the co-ordination electrons, and is, therefore, the most general characteristic which a co-ordination compound should possess. Postulating that by absorption of a quantum hv2(v2=frequency of the second band) the co-ordinate linkage is broken to produce an excited metastable ligand in the original seat of co-ordination, the following relations have been derived:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
and S=hν2
where Q = heat of formation per co-ordination, R = activation energy, S = co-ordination energy, Φ = lattice energy of the co-ordination compound Φ1’s= lattice energies of the component compounds of first order, and n = co-ordination number.
The Formation of d-Erythrulose
Authors: Iwadare Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) d-Erythrulose was formed by the hydrolysis of diazo-ketone which was obtained by condensing diazo-methane with acetone-d-glyceric acid chloride.
(2) Potassium salt of acetone-d-glyceric acid ([α]D15 = +23.7°), acetone-d-glyceric acid chloride ([α]D15) = +14.9°) and acetone-d-glyceric acid amide ([α]D16 = +39.1°) were obtained.
Chemical Studies by Means of Molecular Beams. VIII. A Method of Measuring the Intensity of Potassium Atomic Beams with an Incandescent Tungsten Surface. Part 2
Authors: Kodera Kumasaburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In these experiments on the measurement of the intensity of potas？ium atomic beams with a tungsten ribbon, the following results have been obtained:
(1) The ionization efficiency of adsorbed potassium atoms by flashing is found to be in good agreement with the calculated one, if the correct values of the work function and those of the contact potential of the tungsten surface are used.
(2) Adsorbed potassium atoms begin to migrate on the surface of the ribbon when the latter is heated to 500–700 °C. This effect enables us to obtain a perfect ionization even with a concentration higher than θ=0.04.
(3) A simple method of determining the heat of activation of the surface migration is proposed.
From the above facts, it has been concluded that this method is the most suitable for measuring all at one time weak atomic beams of large cross sections.
Studies on Rhythmic Precipitates
Authors: Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The conditions of the formation of various examples of rhythmic precipitates have been studied. The effects were tested of the change of species and concentrations of gel, inner electrolyte and outer electrolyte, the temperature, the light intensity and the hydrogen ion concentrations of medium and outer electrolyte solution.
(2) The regularity of spacing between bands has been studied. The distance between bands is expressed empirically by the quadratic equation concerning the ordinal number of it. The same equation was deduced from a theoretical standpoint, the physical meaning of the equation being considered.
(3) Classification of the rhythmic precipitates by the cause of formation and by the structure has been proposed. Secondary bands were investigated and discussed.
(4) New examples of rhythmic precipitate have been described, i.e. barium chromate, cobalt phosphate, lead carbonate, lead phosphate, lead iodate, silver arsenate, silver carbonate, silver iodate and silver capronate in gelatine gel, and bismuth chromate, bismuthyl chloride, bismuthyl nitrate, cobalt phosphate, cobalt sulphide, copper carbonate, copper iodate, cerium iodate, calcium phosphate, calcium oxalate, strontium oxalate, ferric ferrocyanide, lead carbonate, lead iodate, lead phosphate, nickel dimeihylglyoxime, silver arsenate, silver ferrocyanide, silver phosphate, silver iodate, uranyl phosphate and uranyl arsenate in silicic acid gel. The conditions for the formation of these rhythmic precipitates have been thoroughly investigated.
The Isomerization of Dimethyl Maleate by Hydrogen Bromide and by Hydrogen Chloride
Authors: Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) No isomerization of isostilbene to stilbene occurs with hydrogen chloride in the presence of either reduced nickel or oxygen.
(2) Hydrogen bromide and hydrogen chloride cause the isomerization of dimethyl maleate to the fumarate either in absence of solvents or in carbon tetrachloride solution.
(3) Oxygen has no effect on the isomerization of dimethyl maleate by hydrogen halides.
(4) The isomerization of dimethyl maleate by hydrogen halides belongs to another type of catalyzed cis-trans isomerization apparently distinct from that of isostilbene by hydrogen bromide and oxygen.
(5) A hypothesis has been proposed concerning the mechanism of the isomerization of dimethyl maleate caused by hydrogen halides.
In conclusion, the author wishes to express his sincere thanks to Prof. Y. Urushibara for his kind guidance and encouragements throughout the work and to Prof. S. Mizushima for valuable advices. Thanks are also due to the Japan Society for the Promotion of Scientific Research (Nippon Gakujutsu Shinko-Kwai) and to Ozi Seisi Company for grants.