bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early infant feeding and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus—a nationwide population‐based case–control study in pre‐school children
Authors: Rosenbauer J. , Herzig P. , Giani G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBackgroundThe evidence on the role of environmental factors in the development of type 1 diabetes is conflicting. Reducing potential bias and the variety of exposures, we investigated the association between type 1 diabetes risk and nutritional and environmental exposures in pre‐school children.MethodsThis nationwide population‐based case–control study included 760 cases under 5 years of age newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes during 1992–1995. From the general population, 1871 controls were randomly selected and individually matched on age ( ± 1 year), sex, and residence. Information on infant diet, foetal, perinatal and socio‐economic factors, and familial diabetes was obtained by a parent‐administered questionnaire. Data were analysed by multiple conditional logistic regression.ResultsDuration of breastfeeding and age at introduction of bottle‐feeding were inversely associated with type 1 diabetes risk according to a dose‐response relationship (trend test p < 0.05). Adjusted odd ratios (95% CI) for a long breastfeeding period and a late introduction of bottle‐feeding (≥5 month versus < 2 weeks) were 0.71 (0.54–0.93) and 0.80 (0.62–1.04), respectively. Familial type 1 diabetes, maternal age > 40 years, and low birth weight were found more frequently among diabetic than among control children. Current cow's milk consumption, higher social status, and a larger family were associated with a reduced diabetes risk. Up to one half of the diabetic cases in the population could be attributed to modifiable exposures.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that infant feeding is associated with type 1 diabetes risk and that a considerable part of new type 1 diabetic cases is potentially preventable. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Magnetic Study of μ1,1‐Azido‐Bridged Dinuclear Manganese(II) Complexes Based on Tripyridyl Ligands
Authors: Yu Ming‐Ming , Ni Zhong‐Hai , Zhao Chong‐Chao , Cui Ai‐Li , Kou Hui‐Zhong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThree azido‐bridged MnII complexes of formulas [Mn2(N3)4(ttp)2] (1), [Mn2(N3)4(ttp‐N3)2] (2) and [Mn2(N3)4(ttp‐N3)2]3[MnIII(ttp‐N3)(N3)3]2 (3), where ttp and ttp‐N3 represent 4′‐p‐tolyl‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine and 4′‐p‐azidomethylphenyl‐2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine, were synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis and magnetic studies. The Mn ions in complexes 1 and 2 are coordinated by three N atoms of the ttp or ttp‐N3 ligands, and they are connected by double end‐on (EO) azide ligands; this forms a dinuclear MnII system with Mn–N–Mn bridging angles of 103.5 and 103.1°. The Br atoms of the –CH2Br ligands were replaced by azido groups during the formation of complexes 2 and 3. The structure of complex 3 comprises two structurally similar MnII dimers with double end‐on bridging azide groups and one mononuclear MnIII structure. The bridging Mn–N–Mn angles in 3 are 104.2, 105.1, and 106.73°. Magnetic studies indicate the presence of intramolecular ferromagnetic superexchange. The strength of ferromagnetic coupling within the Mn2 cores in 1–3 is dependent on the Mn–N–Mn bridging angles. The magnetic coupling constants for intermolecular exchange are 2.46(4), 2.25(2), and 1.92(4) cm–1 for 1, 2, and 3, respectively, on the basis ofHamiltonian Ĥ = –2JŜ1Ŝ2.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Perceived collective continuity: seeing groups as entities that move through time
Authors: Sani Fabio , Bowe Mhairi , Herrera Marina , Manna Cristian , Cossa Tiziana , Miao Xiulou , Zhou Yuefang 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis paper presents two studies, conducted in two different countries, investigating perceptions of ingroups as enduring, temporally persistent entities, and introduces a new instrument measuring ‘perceived collective continuity’ (PCC). In Study 1 we show that perceptions of ingroup continuity are based on two main dimensions: perceived cultural continuity (perceived continuity of norms and traditions) and perceived historical continuity (perceived interconnection between different historical ages and events). This study also allows the construction of an internally consistent PCC scale including two subscales tapping on these two dimensions. Study 2 replicates findings from the first study; it also reveals that PCC is positively correlated to a set of social identity‐related measures (e.g., group identification and collective self‐esteem), and that its effects on these measures are mediated by perceived group entitativity. Overall, these two studies confirm that PCC is an important theoretical construct, and that the PCC scale may become an important instrument in future research on group processes and social identity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hippocampal signaling cascades are modulated in voluntary and treadmill exercise rats
Authors: Chen Wei‐Qiang , Viidik Andrus , Skalicky Monika , Höger Harald , Lubec Gert 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSystematic protein expression studies in the brain of exercising and sedentary animals have not been carried out for far. Signaling proteins are main structures regulating hippocampal function and we decided to determine differences in signaling protein levels in rat hippocampus by a proteomic approach. Aged, male Sprague–Dawley rats, 23 months old, were used for the study: the first group consisted of sedentary rats, the second of rats with voluntary exercise from 5 to 23 months and the third was performing involuntary exercise on a treadmill from 5 to 23 months. 2‐DE with subsequent mass spectrometrical identification of spots followed by quantification of spots was carried out. Annexin A5, A3, phosphatidylethanolamine‐binding protein, guanine nucleotide‐binding protein G(I)/G(S)/G(T), 14‐3‐3 protein gamma, 14‐3‐3 protein zeta/delta, prohibitin, visinin‐like 1, protein phosphatase 1, septin 8, phosphoprotein enriched in astrocytes 15, transcription factor Pur‐beta, EEA1 protein, SH3 domain‐binding glutamic acid‐rich‐like protein 2, and cell division cycle 42 showed differential protein levels in the three groups. These results form the basis for functional studies elucidating mechanisms and links between exercise and hippocampal signaling and function.
Analysing the Relationship Between Typhoon‐Triggered Landslides and Critical Rainfall Conditions
Authors: Chang Kang‐tsung , Chiang Shou‐Hao , Lei Feng 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMany landslides are triggered by rainfall. Previous studies of the relationship between landslides and rainfall have concentrated on deriving minimum rainfall thresholds that are likely to trigger landslides. Though useful, these minimum thresholds derived from a log–log plot do not offer any measure of confidence in a landslide monitoring or warning system. This study presents a new and innovative method for incorporating rainfall into landslide modelling and prediction. The method involves three steps: compiling radar reflectivity data in a QPESUMS (quantitative precipitation estimation and segregation using multiple sensors) system during a typhoon (tropical hurricane) event, estimating rainfall from radar data and using rainfall intensity and rainfall duration as explanatory variables to develop a landslide logit model. Given the logit model, this paper discusses ways in which the model can be used for computing probabilities of landslide occurrence for a real‐time monitoring system or a warning system, and for delineating and mapping landslides. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Accounting for haplotype phase uncertainty in linkage disequilibrium estimation
Authors: Kulle B. , Frigessi A. , Edvardsen H. , Kristensen V. , Wojnowski L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe characterization of linkage disequilibrium (LD) is applied in a variety of studies including the identification of molecular determinants of the local recombination rate, the migration and population history of populations, and the role of positive selection in adaptation. LD suffers from the phase uncertainty of the haplotypes used in its calculation, which reflects limitations of the algorithms used for haplotype estimation. We introduce a LD calculation method, which deals with phase uncertainty by weighting all possible haplotype pairs according to their estimated probabilities as evaluated by PHASE. In contrast to the expectation‐maximization (EM) algorithm as implemented in the HAPLOVIEW and GENETICS packages, our method considers haplotypes based on the entire genetic information available for the candidate region. We tested the method using simulated and real genotyping data. The results show that, for all practical purposes, the new method is advantageous in comparison with algorithms that calculate LD using only the most probable haplotype or bilocus haplotypes based on the EM algorithm. The new method deals especially well with low LD regions, which contribute strongly to phase uncertainty. Altogether, the method is an attractive alternative to standard LD calculation procedures, including those based on the EM algorithm. We implemented the method in the software suite R, together with an interface to the popular haplotype calculation package PHASE. Genet. Epidemiol. 2008. ©2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of an interdisciplinary educational program on antipsychotic prescribing among nursing home residents with dementia
Authors: Monette Johanne , Champoux Nathalie , Monette Michèle , Fournier Lynn , Wolfson Christina , du Fort Guillaume Galbaud , Sourial Nadia , Le Cruguel Jean‐Pierre , Gore Brian 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the effect of an interdisciplinary educational program in reducing the use of antipsychotics in nursing home residents with dementia.MethodsWe conducted a longitudinal pilot study to test the implementation of a 7‐month interdisciplinary educational program in a fixed cohort of residents with dementia receiving antipsychotics. The program included consciousness‐raising, educational sessions, and clinical follow‐up. Administrators, physicians, pharmacists, nursing staff, and personal care attendants were involved. The effect of the program was assessed over a 6‐month period, in terms of the proportion of discontinuations and dose reductions of antipsychotics. Repeated measures for use of other psychotropics and restraints, frequency of disruptive behaviors, and stressful events experienced by nursing staff and personal care attendants were simultaneously assessed.ResultsAmong the 81 residents still present at the end of the program, there were 40 (49.4%) discontinuations and 11 (13.6%) dose reductions. No significant changes were found in the use of other psychotropics, the use of restraints, or in the number of stressful events experienced by nursing staff and personal care attendants. The frequency of disruptive behaviors decreased significantly over the 6‐month period (p < 0.001).ConclusionsOur interdisciplinary educational program led to a substantial reduction in the number of residents receiving antipsychotics and to a decrease in the frequency of disruptive behaviors. Our findings suggest that implementation of recognized practice guidelines could be an effective way to target residents who might not benefit from antipsychotics or who may tolerate a dose reduction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rain‐gauge network evaluation and augmentation using geostatistics
Authors: Cheng Ke‐Sheng , Lin Yun‐Ching , Liou Jun‐Jih 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRain‐gauge networks are often used to provide estimates of area average rainfall or point rainfalls at ungauged locations. The level of accuracy a network can achieve depends on the total number and locations of gauges in the network. A geostatistical approach for evaluation and augmentation of an existing rain‐gauge network is proposed in this study. Through variogram analysis, hourly rainfalls are shown to have higher spatial variability than annual rainfalls, with hourly Mei‐Yu rainfalls having the highest spatial variability. A criterion using ordinary kriging variance is proposed to assess the accuracy of rainfall estimation using the acceptance probability defined as the probability that estimation error falls within a desired range. Based on the criterion, the percentage of the total area with acceptable accuracy Ap under certain network configuration can be calculated. A sequential algorithm is also proposed to prioritize rain‐gauges of the existing network, identify the base network, and relocate non‐base gauges. Percentage of the total area with acceptable accuracy is mostly contributed by the base network. In contrast, non‐base gauges provide little contribution to Ap and are subject to removal or relocation. Using a case study in northern Taiwan, the proposed approach demonstrates that the identified base network which comprises of approximately two‐thirds of the total rain‐gauges can achieve almost the same level of performance (expressed in terms of percentage of the total area with acceptable accuracy) as the complete network for hourly Mei‐Yu rainfall estimation. The percentage of area with acceptable accuracy can be raised from 56% to 88% using an augmented network. A threshold value for the percentage of area with acceptable accuracy is also recommended to help determine the number of non‐base gauges which need to be relocated. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Water table and transpiration dynamics in a seasonally inundated Melaleuca quinquenervia forest, north Queensland, Australia
Authors: McJannet David 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWater table fluctuations and transpiration were monitored in a seasonally inundated Melaleuca quinquenervia floodplain forest at Cowley Beach, north Queensland, Australia. Techniques were developed to reconstruct inundation duration and seasonal and inter‐annual variability at this site using long‐term stream flow data. It was estimated that the median duration of inundation in any year was 75 days with maximum and minimum durations of 167 days and 8 days, respectively. Measurements of individual tree transpiration using heat‐pulse techniques showed a strong relationship between tree size and tree water use, which was used for scaling to stand transpiration. Stand transpiration rates were found to be closely tied to atmospheric drivers of evaporation, and transpiration of M. quinquenervia was found to be unaffected by inundation. This ability to transpire during inundation may be due to physiological adaptations of this species. These adaptations are believed to include dynamic root systems that can quickly respond to rising and falling water tables and dense networks of fine apogeotropic roots, which grow on and within the papery bark. Rates of stand transpiration remained low throughout the study (0·46 mm d−1, 164 mm y−1) despite the fact that transpiration was not limited by solar energy inputs or soil moisture deficit. Low stand transpiration was attributed to the low density, stunted nature and small sapwood area of trees at this site. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From subordination to parity: an international comparison of equity securities law claims in insolvency proceedings
Authors: Sarra Janis 
Published: October 2007

AbstractSecurities law claims in insolvency proceedings raise important questions of allocation of risk and remedies. In the ordinary course of business, equity claims come last in the hierarchy of claims during insolvency. What is less clear is whether this should encompass claims arising from the violation of public statutes designed to protect equity investors. Discerning the optimal allocation of risk is a complex challenge if one is trying to maximize the simultaneous advancement of securities law and insolvency law public policy goals. From a securities law perspective, there must be confidence in meaningful remedies for capital markets violations if investors are to continue to invest. From an insolvency perspective, creditors make their pricing and credit availability choices based on certainty regarding their claims and shifting those priorities may affect the availability of credit. The critical question is the nature of the claim advanced by the securities holder and whether subordination of securities law claims gives rise to inappropriate incentives for corporate officers within the insolvency law regime. A comparative analysis reveals that the U.S. has provided a limited statutory exception to complete subordination through the fair funds provision of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act by allowing SEC claims for penalties and disgorgement to rank equally with unsecured claims even though the funds are distributed to shareholders. The U.K. and Australian schemes permit shareholders to claim directly as unsecured creditors for fraudulent acts and misrepresentation by the issuer. In contrast, Canadian law is underdeveloped in its treatment of such claims. The paper canvasses the policy options available to reconcile securities law and insolvency law claims, including a discussion of the appropriate gatekeeping role for regulatory authorities and the courts, and the need for a framework that offers fair and expeditious resolution of such claims. If the public policy goal of both securities law and insolvency law is to foster efficient and cost‐effective capital markets, it seems that the systems need to be better reconciled than currently. The paper also examines the codified response to the time and resources consumed in various common law tracing claims by customers in a securities firm insolvency. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of hydroxyapatite additive content on the bioactivity and biomechanical compatibility of bioactive nano‐titania ceramics
Authors: Li Zhensheng , Qu Yang , Yang Bangcheng , Zhang Bo , Kim Hyun‐Min , Zhao Haibo , Zhang Xingdong 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBioactive nano‐titania ceramics with excellent biomechanical compatibility and bioactivity were prepared by using hydroxyapatite (HA) additive as grain growth inhibitor with different contents. After sintered at 1000 °C with pressureless sintering method, the grain size of nano‐titania ceramic was less than 70 nm. Mechanical test results showed that compressive strengths of the nano ceramics were from 137.5 to 275.6 MPa, elastic moduli from 7 to 8 GPa, and bending strengths from 38.67 to 111.96 MPa by increasing HA additive content from 1 to 20%. The mechanical properties of nano‐titania ceramics were analogous to that of the human bone. The content of HA additive played an important role in adjusting the grain/particle size of nano‐titania ceramics, which had a great effect on the osteoblasts proliferation in the cell culture experiments. The cell culture experiments also demonstrated that the bioactive HA additive itself also had a great effect on the cytocompatibility of the nano‐titania ceramics. The results of the present study indicated that the content of HA additive not only had effect on the bioactivity of the nano‐titania ceramics because of the bioactivity of the additive itself, but also had effect both on the biomechanical compatibility and bioactivity of the nano‐titania ceramics by adjusting the grain/particle size of the ceramics. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Preparation and immobilization of soluble eggshell membrane protein on the electrospun nanofibers to enhance cell adhesion and growth
Authors: Jia Jun , Duan Yuan‐Yuan , Yu Jian , Lu Jian‐Wei 
Published: October 2007

AbstractNonwoven poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning technology, and a novel natural bioactive material, soluble eggshell membrane protein (SEP), which is made from natural eggshell membrane (ESM), was then immobilized on the nanofibers after the surface modification. The SEP‐immobilized fibrous mat was observed and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurement, Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy (ATR‐FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and tensile mechanical tests. Then the primary human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) were cultured to evaluate the in vitro biocompatibility of SEP‐grafted electrospun PCL nanofibers. The results confirmed the successful immobilization of SEP on the nanofibers and also indicated that the hydrophilicity of the PCL nanofibers has been greatly improved by the SEP grafting. The results of MTT testing, SEM, and laser scanning confocal microscope (LSCM) showed that SEP immobilization can obviously enhance the attachment, spreading, and proliferation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) compared with the pristine material. The SEP‐grafted PCL nanofibers can be expected to biomimic and regenerate the natural structure of eggshell membrane and to be a potential material for tissue engineering scaffold and guided tissue regeneration barrier membrane. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008
Incorporation of titanium into calcium silicate improved their chemical stability and biological properties
Authors: Wu Chengtie , Ramaswamy Yogambha , Soeparto Andhika , Zreiqat Hala 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCalcium silicate (CaSiO3) is regarded as a potential bioactive material. However, its poor chemical stability and cytocompatibility limits its biological applications. The aim of this study is to incorporate Titanium (Ti) into CaSiO3 to produce a ceramic with improved chemical stability and biological properties. Sphene (CaTiSiO5) ceramics were prepared by sintering sol–gel‐derived CaTiSiO5 powder compacts and their chemical stability was assessed by measuring the ions released and weight loss after soaking CaTiSiO5 in simulating body fluid for 1, 3, 7, and 14 days. Results indicated that CaTiSiO5 has a significantly improved chemical stability, compared with CaSiO3. The ability of CaTiSiO5 ceramics to support human bone‐derived cells (HBDC) attachment, proliferation, and differentiation was assessed using scanning electron microscopy, MTS, and alkaline phosphatase activity assays, respectively. CaTiSiO5 ceramics supported HBDC attachment and significantly enhanced their proliferation and differentiation, compared with CaSiO3 ceramics. Taken together, this study demonstrates that the newly developed CaTiSiO5 ceramics possess excellent chemical stability and bioactivity, suggesting their potential use in skeletal tissue regeneration and as coating onto currently available orthopedic/dental implants. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2008