bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monolayers of Copolymers of Methyl Acrylate and n-Butyl Acrylate and Mixed Monolayers of Thier Homopolymers
Authors: Hironaka Seiichiro , Kubota Takashi , Meguro Kenjiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Poly(methyl acrylate), poly(n-butyl acrylate), and their copolymers were prepared by radical polymerization. The monolayers of these polymers and the mixed polymers were studied at the air/water interface. The limiting areas obtained experimentally for various copolymers corresponded well to the theoretical values as calculated from the areas per methyl acrylate and butyl acrylate residues. However, those obtained for their corresponding polymer mixtures were larger than the theoretical limting areas.
Comparison of the Electronic Spectra of Geometric Isomers. II. 1,2-Disubstituted Ethylenes
Authors: Fueno Takayuki , Yamaguchi Kizashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ultraviolet absorption spectra of the cis and trans isomers of various 1,2-disubstituted ethylenes were measured in isopentane solution. Each isomer showed a single intense band assignable to the lowest π–π* transition. For the majority of the compounds studied, both energy and oscillator strength of transition are found to be greater for trans isomers than for the corresponding cis isomers, in accord with the general trend predicted by the Pariser-Parr-Pople calculations. Existence of some anomalous cases which contradict the generalization indicates a limited validity of the usual assumption of virtual orbitals.
The Mechanism of Decomposition of Hydrogen Peroxide by Iodine in Acid Solutions. The Rates of Associated Reactions
Authors: Matsuzaki Isao , Simic Radmilo , Liebhafsky Herman A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the purpose of isolating elementary reactions responsible for the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by iodine and its compounds, the reaction at 50°C of acid solutions containing I2, I−, HIO, etc. with [I−] and [I2] controlled by use of TlI(s) and I2(s) was studied. The rates of the evolution of oxygen, consumption of hydrogen peroxide and production of H+ were subjected to measurement and led to a formulation of a complex mechanism consisting of the following reactions: HIO2+H2O2→HIO+H2O+O2; H2OI++H2O2→HIO2+H++H2O; HIO+H2O2→H++I−+H2O+O2; HIO2+H++I−→2HIO; H2OI+\ightleftharpoonsHIO+H+; I−+H++H2O2→HIO+H2O; and I2+H2O\ightleftharpoonsHIO+H++I−. Absolute or relative rate constants for the first four reactions were evaluated by using equilibrium and rate constants of the others.
The Crystal Structure of the Polymerization Catalyst of Acetaldehyde and Its Derivatives. II. The Crystal and Molecular Structure of the Trimethylamine Oxide Adduct of Dimethylaluminum N-Phenylbenzimidate, [(CH3)2Al·O·C(C6H5):N(C6H5), ON(CH3)3]
Authors: Kai Yasushi , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami , Kakudo Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structure of a stereospecific (isotactic) polymerization catalyst of the acetaldehyde-Lewis base adduct [Me2Al·O·CPh:NPh,ONMe3] has been determined from three-dimensional X-ray data collected on a single crystal diffractometer. The crystal belongs to the triclinic system (space group P\bar1), with two formula units in a cell with dimensions of; a=8.517±0.004, b=10.096±0.005, c=12.256±0.005 Å, α=104.67±0.04, β=106.97±0.04, and γ=98.10±0.04°. The structure was solved by the symbolic addition method and refined by the block-diagonal, least-squares procedure. The molecule is monomeric, and both amide and ONMe3 groups are connected to the aluminum atom through oxygen atoms. The amide moiety has an imino-ether type structure and two adjacent benzene rings take trans configuration about the N–C bond. The co-ordinated ONMe3 group has a structure similar to that of the free molecule.
Topological Index and Thermodynamic Properties. I. Empirical Rules on the Boiling Point of Saturated Hydrocarbons
Authors: Hosoya Haruo , Kawasaki Keiko , Mizutani Kimiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Empirical relations are proposed for the boiling point (bp) and the topological index (ZG) of a saturated hydrocarbon as
bp=alogZG+b
or bp=(alogZG+c)⁄\sqrtN+b,
where N is the number of the carbon atoms. A number of compounds with or without ring(s) are plotted for these relations. Correlation is generally better for cyclic compounds than for chain compounds. Sterically hindered paraffins deviate appreciably. Several empirical rules on the isomeric lowering of the boiling point of saturated hydrocarbons are presented and most of them are shown to be consistent with the above relations. Several empirical formulae for the boiling point of normal paraffins are compared and discussed.
On the Viscosities of Mixtures of Oligotrifluorochloroethylene and n-Heptadecane
Authors: Yoshida Naosato , Hamada Shuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosities, ηm, of mixtures of oligotrifluorochloroethylene and n-heptadecane were expressed as follows: ηm=[(1−ΦR)−n(1−ΦR)]ηH+[ΦR+n(1−ΦR)]2⁄[ΦR⁄ηR+n(1−ΦR)ηH], where ΦR is the volume fraction of the oligotrifluorochloroethylene in the mixture; ηR and ηH, the viscosities of oligotrifluorochloroethylene and n-heptadecane respectively, and n, a parameter. The two components were considered to be comparatively well compatible with each other, because the parameter, n, was small (here about 0.1). The free-volume fractions, fT, of the mixed systems, as calculated from the WLF parameters, were larger than those calculated by assuming a simple additivity between those of the two components. This effect is considered to be caused by the mitigation of physical interactions among oligotrifluorochloroethylene molecules, which are dispersed by n-heptadecane as good compatibility is achieved between the two components.
Studies on Amino-hexoses. XVI. Synthesis of Deoxy-analogues of N-Acetyl-d-glucosamine
Authors: Arita Hitoshi , Fukukawa Kiyofumi , Matsushima Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For deoxy analogues of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine and three deoxy-analogues of phenyl N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminide were synthesized by means of chlorination with sulfuryl chloride and reduction of the chlorides with tri-n-butyltin hydride. The free sugars thus obtained failed to crystallize except for 6-deoxy and 4,6-dideoxy compounds. Phenyl glycosides were mostly crystalline. The yield of chlorination and reduction was generally high.
Studies on Mixed Chelates. I. Mixed Copper(II) Chelates with N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylenediamine and a Bidentate Ligand
Authors: Fukuda Yutaka , Sone Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Six new mixed copper(II) chelates with N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine and a bidentate ligand, i.e., [Cu tmen en] (ClO4)2, [Cu tmen en] (NO3)2·H2O, [Cu tmen en](SO4)·4H2O, [Cu tmen gly](ClO4), [Cu-tmen ox] ·4H2O and [Cu tmen aca](ClO4) were prepared, and their visible absorption spectra were compared with those of the bis-chelate ions and molecules, [Cu en2]2+, [Cu gly2], [Cu ox2]2−, and [Cu aca2]. The results obtained indicate that steric factors play an important role in the formation and structure of these mixed chelates. The effects of various organic solvents on the electronic spectra of these chelates were also studied. (tmen=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine, en=ethylenediamine, gly=glycinate ion, ox=oxalate ion, aca=acetylacetonate ion.)
The Structure of the Pteridine Glycoside from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Matsuura Sadao , Yamamoto Masaki , Kaneko Yasuyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The structures of two blue-fluorescent substances, asperopterfn-A and -B, isolated from Aspergillus oryzae were investigated. Asperopterin-B was identified as 2-amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-6-hydroxymethyl-8-methyl-4,7-dioxopteridine (7) by studying its chemical degradation, pKα values, and UV spectra; the structure was confirmed by synthesis. Asperopterin-A was shown to be the β-d-ribofuranoside of 7, 2-amino-3,4,7,8-tetrahydro-8-methyl-4,7-dioxo-6-pteridinylmethyl β-d-ribofuranoside (10).
The Photochemical Decomposition of Benzotriazoles
Authors: Tsujimoto Kazuo , Ohashi Mamoru , Yonezawa Teijiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical decomposition of several 1-substituted benzotriazoles was investigated. It was observed that in contrast to the thermolytic decompositions of 1-benzyl and 1-benzoylbenzotriazole, the intermediates produced by the loss of nitrogen from these compounds upon irradiation react with hydrogen-donating solvents to yield either reduced or substituted products. The possibility of the presence of an antiaromatic benzoazacyclopropene as an intermediate can be excluded on the basis of the fact that the photolysis of 4′,5-dichloro-l-phenylbenzotriazole gave 3,6-dichlorocarbazole as the sole product. The acetone-sensitized photolysis of 1-benzoylbenzotriazole causes a Wolff rearrangement giving a cyclopentadiene derivative. On the basis of extended Hückel molecular orbital calculations on the intermediates, it is concluded that the photochemical loss of nitrogen from benzotriazoles gives excited-state 1,3-diradicals, while the thermolytic decompositions afford ground-state ones.
Gas-Phase Charge-Transfer Complexation of Carbonyl Cyanide as Acceptor
Authors: Fueno Takayuki , Yonezawa Yoshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Charge-transfer complexations of carbonyl cyanide with furan, tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, and their sulfur homologs have been investigated in gaseous phase at temperatures 22–82°C. Thermodynamic data showed that the complexations are enthalpy-controlled in the temperature range studied and that the complexes formed from n-donors are fairly strongly bound. Both the transition and bonding energies could be interpreted in terms of the usual two-state resonance model. It has been deduced that the spatial arrangements of the components do not greatly differ for the various donors studied, despite the difference in precise nature of the bondings involved.
Butadiene Formation from Ethanol over Silica-Magnesia Catalysts
Authors: Niiyama Hiroo , Morii Saburo , Echigoya Etsuro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Butadiene formation reaction from ethanol over various kinds of silica-magnesia having different MgO contents were studied from the standpoint of its acid-base catalysis. Maximum acidity was obtained at 50% MgO, while basicity increased with the MgO content. Silica-magnesia (85% MgO) having adequate acidity and basicity gave the maximum activity. The reaction mechanism and the roles of acidic and basic sites are discussed. The rate controlling step is the acetaldehyde formation catalyzed by basic sites.
Polarographic Studies on Substituted 2,2′-Bipyridyl N-Oxides
Authors: Katiyar S S , Lalithambika M , Shukla R P 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarographic behavior of 4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyridyl 1-oxide has been investigated in 20% dioxane-water solution. Two well defined reduction waves appear in the pH range 0.76–8.8, a third wave in pH 9.3–10.4, but only one wave in more alkaline solutions. The variation of E1⁄2 with pH followed the relations (E1⁄2)1=−0.37–0.10 pH and (E1⁄2)2=0.84−0.065 pH for waves 1 and 2, respectively. The diffusion current constant for the second wave decrease with increasing pH whereas for the first wave it remains constant upto pH 7.0 and decreases afterwards. Variation of diffusion current with temperature and reservoir height indicates the diffusion controlled nature. Wave 1 is produced by the 2 electron reduction of protonated N-oxide to 4-methoxy-2, 2′-bipyridyl. This intermediate is further reduced, at more negative potentials, to 1,4′-dihydro-4-methoxy-2,2′-bipyridyl by consuming two more electrons and two hydrogen ions simultaneously. The third wave is presumably due to catalytic hydrogen evolution.
The Electric Conductivity of the H2O-B2O3 Melt
Authors: Kodama Hiroshi , Yokokawa Toshio , Niwa Kichizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Electric conductivity was measured over the whole composition range of H2O–B2O3 in the liquid state. A peculiar conductivity-temperature relation was observed in a low B2O3-to-intermediate composition. The equivalent conductance of H3BO3 increases with its content in this range. Both the concentration of proton and its mobility through the proton-jump mechanism seem to change with the composition. The comparison of the results in the B2O3-rich range with those of alkali borates indicates a low extent of the dissociation of the –B–O–H group.
Chemical Studies of Minerals Containing Rarer Elements from the Far East District. LXV. Pollucite from Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Sakurai Kin-ichi , Kato Akira , Kuwano Noriyuki , Nagashima Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The chemical analysis of pollucite found in a granite pegmatite at Nagatare, Fukuoka Prefecture, gave SiO2 46.03, Al2O3 17.76, Fe2O3 0.02, MnO 0.01, CaO 0.03, Li2O 0.16, Na2O 2.08, K2O 1.81, Rb2O 0.61, Cs2O 28.88, and H2O 2.74; total 100.13%; recalculated as (Cs,Rb)0.573(Na,K,Li,Mn,Ca)0.316(Al,Fe)0.943Si2.071O6·0.411 H2O as O=6, thus satisfying the crystallochemical formula advocated by Beger. X-ray single crystal and powder studies have shown it to be cubic, the space group is Ia3d; a0=13.674±0.005 Å. It is optically isotropic or very faintly birefringent, with n=1.520±0.002.
The Photochemical Reaction of α-Diketones
Authors: Maruyama Kazuhiro , Ono Keiichi , Osugi Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The relative photochemical reactivity of α-diketones, in particular, 9,10-phenanthraquinone, 1,2-naphthoquinone, acenaphthoquinone, benzil, 4,4′-dimethylbenzil, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzil, 2,5,2′,5′-tetramethylbenzil, 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzil, 2,4,6,2′,4′,6′-hexamethylbenzil, phenylglyoxal, 2,5-dimethylphenylglyoxal, and 2,4,6-trimethylphenylglyoxal was investigated in hydrogen donating solvents. Type of the product and relative reactivity differ widely according to the structure of α-dike tones. Whereas 9,10-phenanthraquinone gives 1,4-adduct (V) in a hydrogen donating solvent (THF), 2,5,2′,5′-tetramethylbenzil gives 2-hydroxy-2-(2′,5′-dimethylphenyl)indanone (VII) via intramolecular hydrogen abstraction in nearly quantitative yield. No photochemical reaction of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzil or 2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzil could be observed in the same solvent even under a long irradiation.
The Photochemical Reduction of Nitrobenzene and Its Reduction Intermediates. XI. The Photochemical Reduction of Azobenzene in Isopropyl Alcohol
Authors: Hashimoto Shizunobu , Kano Koji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photochemical reduction of azobenzene in isopropyl alcohol has been investigated. The n-π* transition of azobenzene caused only the cis-trans photoisomerization, while the n-π* transition caused both photoisomerization and photoreduction. The reduction product was hydrazobenzene. The photoreduction was accelerated by a small amount of oxygen and was quenched by 1,3-pentadiene. The photoreduction was sensitized by fluorene and the aromatic carbonyl compounds (benzophenone, benzaldehyde, and acetophenone). These results suggest that the π,π* excited triplet state (T2) of azobenzene abstracts a hydrogen atom.
Viscous Properties of Liquid Oligotrifluorochloroethylene
Authors: Yoshida Naosato , Hamada Shuichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosities of fractionated liquid oligotrifluorochloroethylene were measured in the molecular-weight range from 820 to 2100 at temperatures ranging from 40 to 120°C. While the relationships between logη and logMn were regarded as being approximately linear in the molecular-weight range smaller than 1090, and their slopes were much larger than unity, a considerable deviation from the approximately linear relationship was observed in the molecular-weight range larger than 1090. The temperature dependence of the viscosities was well explained in terms of the WLF equation under the present experimental conditions. The large slope in the range of the linear relationship may be caused because the reciprocals of the free-volume fractions, 1/f, increase remarkably with an increase in the molecular-weight. The free-volume per cubic centimeter, F, contributed by chain-ends increased abruptly with an increase in the molecular-weight in the range smaller than about 1200.
Vibrational Analysis of Electronic Transition Bands of Coronene
Authors: Ohno Koichi , Kajiwara Takashi , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The fluorescence and absorption spectra of coronene dissolved in organic solvents were measured at room temperature. Their vibrational structures were analyzed by reference to the Raman lines of crystalline coronene measured by means of a He-Ne gas laser, and the observed transition energies were compared with the calculated ones. It was suggested that the p-band of the absorption spectrum of coronene (23000–27000 cm−1) is composed of more than one electronic transition, in contrast with the case of benzene. The fluorescence and phosphorescence spectra of coronene in n-octane were also measured at 77°K, and their vibrational structures were successfully analyzed with some perturbing vibrations and a few totally-symmetric ones.
The Polarized Phosphorescence Spectra of Phenazine in a Phenanthrene Crystal
Authors: Ikegami Kasumi , Mikami Naohiko , Ito Mitsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polarized phosphorescence spectra of phenazine in phenanthrene was observed at 4.2 K. From the assignments of vibrations that were made on the basis of the results of polarized Raman spectra measurements for the single crystal, it was concluded that the possible mechanisms for the appearance of the vibronically-induced part of the spectrum are the following:
(Remark: Graphics omitted.)
Furthermore, it has been found that the vibrational modes which give rise to the more intense in-plane polarized bands are out-of-plane ring modes. These results seem to support the regularity found by Lim et al.
Vibration-Rotation Interaction Constants, l-Type Doubling Constants and Cubic Force Constants of CH3I and CD3I
Authors: Matsuura Hiroatsu , Overend John 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The harmonic parts of the vibration-rotation interaction constants and the l-type doubling constants were calculated for CH3I and CD3I from the harmonic force field. The harmonic parts were subtracted from the experimental values to obtain the anharmonic parts which give relations among the cubic normal-coordinate force constants. Some of the individual values for the cubic force constants associated with the bending modes were obtained by using the derived relations and the previously estimated values for the stretch-stretch-stretch cubic force constants of the methyl group.
Studies on Reactions of the N-Phosphonium Salts of Pyridines. I. A New Method for the Activation of Carboxylic Acids via the N-Phosphonium Salts by Means of the Oxidation of Tri- and Di-esters of Phosphorous Acid in the Presence of Tertiary Amines
Authors: Yamazaki Noboru , Higashi Fukuji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Carboxylic acids were found to be activated by an oxidation mixture prepared from tri- and di-esters of phosphorous acid and mercuric chloride in a pyridine solution; they yielded the corresponding anilides upon treatment with aniline, together with a nearly quantitative yield of metallic mercury. The yield of the anilides was affected by the alkyl groups in the esters and by the tertiary amines. Only a small effect of the steric factor of carboxylic acids upon the reaction was seen in the cases of the diesters, and none at all was observed in the triesters. The reaction was proposed to proceed via the N-phosphonium salts of pyridines, which were not purely isolated, but which were assumed on the basis of the IR spectra.
Adsorption and Inhibition Effect of Triton X at the Mercury/Solution Interface
Authors: Ohsaka Tetsuya , Yamamoto Hajime , Yoshida Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The time dependence of differential capacity and that of polarographic current were observed to elucidate the adsorption behavior of Triton X. The adsorption showed a relatively ideal system of the diffusion-controlled type in which semi-infinite linear diffusion was assumed. The results from the two different observations agreed approximately. The Koryta equation was applied to obtain the maximum surface concentration Γm of Triton X in the adsorption of the monolayer. logΓm decreased linearly with increasing log\barM (mean molecular weight), the slope being ca. −1. In the case of high bulk concentration, the adsorption showed unusual phenomena considered to be caused by the formation of a multi-layer which tended to become marked with the decrease of \barM. The inhibition effect of Triton X on reduction current revealed approximately the same tendency regardless of cations Cd2+ and Cu2+. Though the dependence of inhibitive action on \barM was relatively small, the degree of inhibition became somewhat small with increasing \barM in contrast to the cases of PVP and PEG. The shape of instantaneous i vs. t curve was approximately elucidated by Matsuda’s treatment of the system where the limiting current was depressed by diffusion-controlled adsorption. The i-t curve revealed that the degree of inhibition scarcely increases until attainment of a certain high coverage when a sharp increase takes place.
ESR Studies of the Negative Ions of Biphenyl Derivatives. IV. Conformation of 4,4′-Polymethylenebiphenyl Anion Radicals
Authors: Ishizu Kazuhiko , Nemoto Fujito , Hasegawa Hideo , Yamamoto Koji , Nakazaki Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron spin resonance has been observed for anion radicals of 4,4′-polymethylene bridged biphenyls which have various lengths of the polymethylene chain, from the carbon number of n=11 to that of n=16. The relation between the chain length of the methylene bridge and the ring-proton splitting were studied in order to see how the polymethylene span brings on a strain in the biphenyl ring. The geometrical structures of the sp3-hybrid bond of the β-carbons were investigated on the basis of the observed values of the β-proton splitting in each derivative. In the cases of both pentadeca and hexadeca derivatives, the magnitude of both the ortho- and the meta-ring proton splitting are comparable with those of the 4,4′-diethylbiphenyl anion radical, the open-chain model of the present derivatives. A rotation of the β-methylene sp3-bond is forbidden in this case, however, and the coupling constants of the β-methylene protons no longer exhibit an equivalent value; that is, two of these C–H bonds are placed on a coplanar biphenyl plane, but the others are twisted out by about 30° from the 2pz axis of the ring-carbon atom. When the number of the methylene groups is reduced from thirteen to twelve, the magnitude of the ortho-ring proton coupling constant is greatly reduced. The HMO calculations of the spin density were carried out. The observed tendency of the ring-proton splitting can be qualitatively understood on the assumption that the coplanar biphenyl ring may be modified by twisting the phenyl groups about the central 1-1′ bond rather than by slanting them together against the original aromatic plane. A strong beam of the polymethylene chain also causes a modification of the geometrical structure of the β-methylene sp3 bond and results in a reduction of the β-proton coupling constant to a large extent.
Transference of Water to the Nitrobenzene Phase for the Extraction of Tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron (II) and Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) Chelate Salts
Authors: Yamamoto Yuroku , Tarumoto Tsunehiko , Tarui Takao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amount of water transferred to the nitrobenzene phase was determined for the extraction of ion pairs of tris(1,10-phenanthroline)iron(II) and tris(2,2′-bipyridine) iron(II) with halide and pseudohalide anions. For both chelate systems the smaller the anion, the greater the amount of water transported, very similar results being obtained for a common anion. The results were discussed in relation to water of crystallization, extractability and temperature effect.