bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Automatic and robust estimation of sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs using a multi-task deep learning network: a study on a South Korean population
Authors: Park Se-Jin , Yang Su , Kim Jun-Min , Kang Ju-Hee , Kim Jo-Eun , Huh Kyung-Hoe , Lee Sam-Sun , Yi Won-Jin , Heo Min-Suk 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSex and chronological age estimation are crucial in forensic investigations and research on individual identification. Although manual methods for sex and age estimation have been proposed, these processes are labor-intensive, time-consuming, and error-prone. The purpose of this study was to estimate sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs automatically and robustly using a multi-task deep learning network (ForensicNet). ForensicNet consists of a backbone and both sex and age attention branches to learn anatomical context features of sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs and enables the multi-task estimation of sex and chronological age in an end-to-end manner. To mitigate bias in the data distribution, our dataset was built using 13,200 images with 100 images for each sex and age range of 15–80 years. The ForensicNet with EfficientNet-B3 exhibited superior estimation performance with mean absolute errors of 2.93 ± 2.61 years and a coefficient of determination of 0.957 for chronological age, and achieved accuracy, specificity, and sensitivity values of 0.992, 0.993, and 0.990, respectively, for sex prediction. The network demonstrated that the proposed sex and age attention branches with a convolutional block attention module significantly improved the estimation performance for both sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs of elderly patients. Consequently, we expect that ForensicNet will contribute to the automatic and accurate estimation of both sex and chronological age from panoramic radiographs.
Continuity of care for children with anorexia nervosa in the Netherlands: a modular perspective
Authors: Lennips A. J. , Peters V. J. T. , Meijboom B. R. , Nissen A. C. , Bunt J. E. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCare provision for children with anorexia nervosa is provided by outpatient care teams in hospitals, but the way these teams are organized differs per hospital and hampers the continuity of care. The aim of this study is to explore the organization and continuity of care for children with anorexia nervosa in the Netherlands by using a modular perspective.We conducted a qualitative, exploratory case study and took the healthcare provision for children with anorexia nervosa, provided by outpatient care teams, as our case. We conducted nine interviews with healthcare professionals involved in outpatient care teams from six hospitals. A thematic analysis was used to analyze the data.The modular perspective offered insights into the work practices and working methods of outpatient care teams. We were able to identify modules (i.e. the separate consultations with the various professionals), and components (i.e. elements of these consultations). In addition, communication mechanisms (interfaces) were identified to facilitate information flow and coordination among healthcare professionals. Our modular perspective revealed gaps and overlap in outpatient care provision, consequently providing opportunities to deal with unnecessary duplications and blind spots. Conclusion: A modular perspective can be applied to explore the organization of outpatient care provision for children with anorexia nervosa. We specifically highlight gaps and overlap in healthcare provision, which in turn leads to recommendations on how to support the three essential parts of continuity of care: informational continuity, relational continuity, and management continuity.

What is Known:• Care provision for children with anorexia nervosa requires a network of health care professionals from different organizations, as a result the organization and provision of care faces challenges.

What is New:• Modular care provision sheds light on the complexity and organization of outpatient care provision and supports the three dimensions of continuity of care as experienced by children with anorexia nervosa and their parents/caregivers.
Why state-of-the-art analytical models for eddy current losses in PM of PMSM are insufficient for variable speed motors
Authors: Königs Mike , Löhlein Bernd 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis is the third paper in a series on novel methods for calculating eddy current losses in permanent magnets (PM) and the shortcomings of previously conducted analyses. In the first paper, Ruoho’s work on homogeneous materials was discussed. The distribution of fields has been expanded to include the reaction field of the eddy currents within the permanent magnets. This approach was based on the methods of the harmonic complex AC calculation. In the second paper, the models were expanded to enable a harmonic calculation of eddy current losses in permanent magnets for homogeneous fields including the effects of eddy current losses in an adjacent ferromagnetic material, leakage flux factors, and source behavior. In this third and final publication, a look at state-of-the-art analytical models will be taken. With regard to the results of the second publication of this series, it can be shown that established analytical models are insufficient when calculating inverter-related eddy current losses in permanent magnets of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM). Furthermore, a short introduction to eddy current loss mechanics in permanent magnets of PMSM will be given.
Environmental harshness does not affect the propensity for social learning in great tits, Parus major
Authors: Isaksson Emil , Morand-Ferron Julie , Chaine Alexis 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
According to the harsh environment hypothesis, natural selection should favour cognitive mechanisms to overcome environmental challenges. Tests of this hypothesis to date have largely focused on asocial learning and memory, thus failing to account for the spread of information via social means. Tests in specialized food-hoarding birds have shown strong support for the effects of environmental harshness on both asocial and social learning. Whether the hypothesis applies to non-specialist foraging species remains largely unexplored. We evaluated the relative importance of social learning across a known harshness gradient by testing generalist great tits, Parus major, from high (harsh)- and low (mild)-elevation populations in two social learning tasks. We showed that individuals use social learning to find food in both colour-associative and spatial foraging tasks and that individuals differed consistently in their use of social learning. However, we did not detect a difference in the use or speed of implementing socially observed information across the elevational gradient. Our results do not support predictions of the harsh environment hypothesis suggesting that context-dependent costs and benefits as well as plasticity in the use of social information may play an important role in the use of social learning across environments. Finally, this study adds to the accumulating evidence that the harsh environment hypothesis appears to have more pronounced effects on specialists compared to generalist species.
Psychometrics and diagnostics of the Italian version of the Alternate Verbal Fluency Battery (AVFB) in non-demented Parkinson’s disease patients
Authors: Aiello Edoardo Nicolò , Mameli Francesca , Ruggiero Fabiana , Zirone Eleonora , Zago Stefano , Piacentini Sylvie , Poletti Barbara , Reitano Maria Rita , Santangelo Gabriella , Ticozzi Nicola , Silani Vincenzo , Priori Alberto , Ferrucci Roberta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Verbal fluency (VF) tasks are known as suitable for detecting cognitive impairment (CI) in Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study thus aimed to evaluate the psychometrics and diagnostics of the Alternate Verbal Fluency Battery (AVFB) by Costa et al. (2014) in an Italian cohort of non-demented PD patients, as well as to derive disease-specific cut-offs for it.

Methods
N = 192 non-demented PD patients were screened with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and underwent the AVFB—which includes phonemic, semantic and alternate VF tests (PVF; SVF; AVF), as well as a Composite Shifting Index (CSI) reflecting the “cost” of shifting from a single- to a double-cued VF task. Construct validity and diagnostics were assessed for each AVFB measure against the MoCA. Internal reliability and factorial validity were also tested.

Results
The MoCA proved to be strongly associated with PVF, SVF and AVF scores, whilst moderately with the CSI. The AVFB was internally consistent and underpinned by a single component; however, an improvement in both internal reliability and fit to its factorial structure was observed when dropping the CSI. Demographically adjusted scores on PVF, SVF and AVF tests were diagnostically sound in detecting MoCA-defined cognitive impairment, whilst this was not true for the CSI. Disease-specific cut-offs for PVF, SVF and AVF tests were derived.

Discussion
In conclusion, PVF, SVF and AVF tests are reliable, valid and diagnostically sound instruments to detect cognitive impairment in non-demented PD patients and are therefore recommended for use in clinical practice and research.
Huang Qin decoction increases SLC6A4 expression and blocks the NFκB-mediated NLRP3/Caspase1/GSDMD pathway to disrupt colitis-associated carcinogenesis
Authors: Tao Yili , Wang Lai , Ye Xiaofeng , Qian Xin , Pan Danye , Dong Xiaoyu , Jiang Qian , Hu Po 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHuang Qin decoction (HQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating colitis, but the effects and molecular mechanism of action of HQD in colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of HQD on CAC in mice and to reveal the underlying mechanism involved. AOM/DSS was used to induce CAC in mice, and the effects of HQD on tumorigenesis in mice were examined (with mesalazine serving as a positive control). Mesalazine or HQD treatment alleviated body weight loss and decreased the disease activity index in mice induced by AOM/DSS. Mesalazine or HQD treatment also suppressed the shortening of colon tissue length, the number of tumors, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The genes targeted by HQD were predicted and verified, followed by knockout experiments. Elevated SLC6A4 and inhibited serotonin production and inflammation were observed in HQD-treated mice. HQD inhibited the NFκB and NLRP3/caspase1/GSDMD pathways. The therapeutic effect of HQD was diminished in SLC6A4-deficient AOM/DSS mice. Additionally, the downregulation of SLC6A4 mitigated the inhibitory effect of HQD-containing serum on MODE-K cell pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that SLC6A4 is a pivotal regulator of HQD-alleviated CAC via its modulation of the NLRP3/caspase1/GSDMD pathway.
Emerging patterns of genetic diversity in the critically endangered Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni)
Authors: Allberry Kate , Rovie-Ryan Jeffrine Japning , Ali Nur Alizati Nabila Giarat , Elias Nurul-Ain , Darmaraj Mark Rayan , Wong Christopher Chai Thiam , Fong Lau Ching , Smith Olutolani , Mohamed Khairul Amirin Bin , Mukri Mohamad Izereen Bin Amat , Yazid Muhammad Hafiz Bin Mohd , Struebig Matthew J. , Ogden Rob , Groombridge Jim J. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSoutheast Asia experiences some of the highest deforestation in the world. Loss of tropical forest typically leads to widespread habitat fragmentation, with detrimental effects on dispersal ability and gene flow—particularly for large carnivores. We conducted mtDNA and microsatellite analysis to assess—for the first time—contemporary patterns of genetic diversity in the Malayan tiger. We collected 295 suspected carnivore samples in Peninsular Malaysia, from which we identified 26 as originating from tiger using 16 polymorphic microsatellite loci, comprising 22 individual tigers. Despite limitations of the study, our findings suggest tiger subpopulations in the north of the peninsula maintain some genetic connectivity and migration between two putative geographic subpopulations in the Main Range and Greater Taman Negara, with negligible population segregation due to dispersal barriers such as road infrastructure. We identified consistently lower levels of genetic diversity in tigers in the Greater Taman Negara region compared to tigers in the Main Range and small but emerging differences in nuclear and mitochondrial genetic diversity. Our mtDNA haplotype and nuclear DNA analyses suggest the levels of genetic diversity in Malayan tigers may be amongst some of the lowest of the surviving tiger subspecies, though the study is limited both in scale and genomic loci. Our findings are consistent with an expected lag between the rapid decline of tigers in Peninsular Malaysia by over 95% in the last 70 years and observed differences in their levels of genetic diversity.
Square root computation in finite fields
Authors: Adiguzel-Goktas Ebru , Ozdemir Enver 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this paper, we present a review of three widely-used practical square root algorithms. We then describe a unifying framework where each of these well-known algorithms can be seen as a special case of it. The framework with singular curves offers a broad perspective to compare and further improve the existing methods in addition to offering a new avenue for square root computation algorithms in finite fields.
Monomial isomorphism for tensors and applications to code equivalence problems
Authors: D’Alconzo Giuseppe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStarting from the problem of d-tensor isomorphism (d-$$\textsf {TI}$$
TI
), we study the relation between various code equivalence problems in different metrics. In particular, we show a reduction from the sum-rank metric ($$\textsf {CE}_{\textsf {sr}}$$

CE
sr

) to the rank metric ($$\textsf {CE}_{\textsf {rk}}$$

CE
rk

). To obtain this result, we investigate reductions between tensor problems. We define the monomial isomorphism problem for d-tensors (d-$$\textsf {TI}^*$$

TI
∗

), where, given two d-tensors, we ask if there are $$d-1$$

d
-
1

invertible matrices and a monomial matrix sending one tensor into the other. We link this problem to the well-studied d-$$\textsf {TI}$$
TI
and the $$\textsf {TI}$$
TI
-completeness of d-$$\textsf {TI}^*$$

TI
∗

is shown. Due to this result, we obtain a reduction from $$\textsf {CE}_{\textsf {sr}}$$

CE
sr

to $$\textsf {CE}_{\textsf {rk}}$$

CE
rk

. In the literature, a similar result was known, but it needs an additional assumption on the automorphisms of matrix codes. Since many constructions based on the hardness of Code Equivalence problems are emerging in cryptography, we analyze how such reductions can be taken into account in the design of cryptosystems based on $$\textsf {CE}_{\textsf {sr}}$$

CE
sr

.
Community-Led Adaptations of a Promotora-Delivered Intervention for Latino Families of Youth with Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Rangel Elizabeth , Rieth Sarah , Mejia Yesenia , Cervantes Laura , Bello Vazquez Brenda , Brookman-Frazee Lauren 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThere is a need to address the disparities in service use for Latino youth with developmental disabilities and their families. The PUENTE program is a multi-agency service model that utilized an 11-session Promotora-delivered curriculum (Parents Taking Action, Magaña et al., 2017) to promote service utilization among underserved Latino families of youth with developmental disabilities. This study applied two implementation adaptation frameworks (FRAME; Stirman et al., 2019; FRAME-IS; Miller et al., 2021) to elicit feedback from community partners and characterize adaptations for scale up and sustainment. Mixed qualitative and quantitative methods were used to characterize adaptations used and recommended for future use. Promotoras reported adaptations made during the delivery of the intervention via end-of-service surveys for 20 families. Respondents, including Promotoras (n = 5), caregivers (n = 11), and staff (n = 2), were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Rapid analysis of qualitative data was conducted and integrated with quantitative data to generate and categorize adaptations. Using FRAME and FRAME-IS, adaptations were noted at multiple levels of the program (e.g., content, context, and training). The most common Promotora-reported adaptations were Covering One Topic Across Multiple Sessions (M = 1.65, SD = 1.35) and Adding Content (M = 1.00, SD = 0.86). Additional adaptation themes from the qualitative data, such as the context-level adaptation recommendation of Individualizing for Engagement, converged with the quantitative data. This study builds on a multi-phase, community partnered approach to reducing disparities in access to services for Latino youth with developmental disabilities. These adaptations will be incorporated as part of a large-scale implementation effort to ensure that the program successfully addresses community needs.
A voltage-based Event-Timing-Dependent Plasticity rule accounts for LTP subthreshold and suprathreshold for dendritic spikes in CA1 pyramidal neurons
Authors: Tomko Matus , Benuskova Lubica , Jedlicka Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLong-term potentiation (LTP) is a synaptic mechanism involved in learning and memory. Experiments have shown that dendritic sodium spikes (Na-dSpikes) are required for LTP in the distal apical dendrites of CA1 pyramidal cells. On the other hand, LTP in perisomatic dendrites can be induced by synaptic input patterns that can be both subthreshold and suprathreshold for Na-dSpikes. It is unclear whether these results can be explained by one unifying plasticity mechanism. Here, we show in biophysically and morphologically realistic compartmental models of the CA1 pyramidal cell that these forms of LTP can be fully accounted for by a simple plasticity rule. We call it the voltage-based Event-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (ETDP) rule. The presynaptic event is the presynaptic spike or release of glutamate. The postsynaptic event is the local depolarization that exceeds a certain plasticity threshold. Our model reproduced the experimentally observed LTP in a variety of protocols, including local pharmacological inhibition of dendritic spikes by tetrodotoxin (TTX). In summary, we have provided a validation of the voltage-based ETDP, suggesting that this simple plasticity rule can be used to model even complex spatiotemporal patterns of long-term synaptic plasticity in neuronal dendrites.
Pre-Pandemic and Recent Oral and Medical Health Care Utilization among Young American Indian Children and Their Caregivers
Authors: Barger Steven D. , Kirby Christine , Thomas Heather , Camplain Carolyn , Young Sara , Morrison Gerlinda , Hyeoma Stephanie , Bordeaux Skyler J. , Horowitz Chloe , Baldwin Julie A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractChildren from diverse ethnic groups are at significantly increased risk for dental caries. In particular, American Indian (AI) children have the highest incidence of detal caries of any ethnic group. The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically restricted health care access, including preventive oral health care. Given this context, it is unclear whether or not preventive oral health care for AI children has resumed since lockdown. To address this question, we surveyed adult AI caregivers (N = 152) of children aged 0–5 years, assessing recent (12-month) and pre-COVID (for caregivers of children aged 3–5 years) preventive oral and medical health services. We also examined medical health care access and utilization among caregivers. Among children aged 3–5 years old, both pre-pandemic and past year medical care utilization were generally high (80 and 90%, respectively) as was any oral health care utilization (64 & 78%, respectively). Oral health check-ups were more common over the last year (62%) compared to pre-COVID (44%). Recent health care utilization among children 1–5 years old in this sample were generally comparable to national estimates, except for higher reported preventive medical care (99% vs. 87.6%, respectively) and higher preventive oral care (96% vs. 59.6%, respectively). More caregivers reported delaying or foregoing needed health care due to COVID (28–38%) versus due to cost (8–17%). In this survey of AI caregivers, recent child preventive health care utilization was high, and changes in utilization following the lockdown phases of the pandemic were comparable for oral and medical health care.
Pointwise Error Estimates of Numerical Solutions to Linear Quadratic Optimal Control Problems
Authors: Hofmann S. , Borzì A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn auxiliary optimal control problem is formulated that provides with its unique solution, a continuous representation of the global error of a numerical approximation to the solution of a linear quadratic optimal control problem. The resulting error functions are characterized as the unique solutions to an optimality system that is reformulated as a boundary value problem. With this formulation, reliable pointwise error estimates can be generated utilizing well-established techniques of defect control. A novel algorithm based on defect correction and defect control is presented that generates pointwise approximations to the global error of numerical optimal control solutions on a uniform grid. It is proven and numerically validated that this algorithm can generate pointwise estimates that approximate the true global error with a prescribed accuracy.
Do Patterns of Adolescent Participation in Arts, Culture and Entertainment Activities Predict Later Wellbeing? A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Thornton Emma , Petersen Kimberly , Marquez Jose , Humphrey Neil 
Published: March 2024

AbstractParticipation in arts, culture, and entertainment (PACE) activities may promote adolescent wellbeing. However, little is known about how such activities cluster together, and previous research has used small samples, cross-sectional designs, focused on single activities, and/or has not considered the influence of socio-demographic factors on participation. Using latent class analysis, the aims of this study were to establish: (i) classes of adolescent PACE activities; (ii) associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification; and, (iii) whether PACE classification predicts later wellbeing. Longitudinal data from the #BeeWell study (N = 18,224 adolescents; mean age at T1 = 12 years 7 months (±3.56 months); 50.54% female) were analyzed. Four latent classes were established: the ‘Dynamic Doers’ (high, wide-ranging participation; 11.87%); the ’Mind and Body Crew’ (reading, arts, videogames, sports/exercise; 39.81%); the ‘Game and Gain Squad’ (videogames and sports/exercise; 29.05%); and the ‘Activity Free Adolescents’ (uniformly low participation; 19.27%). Associations between socio-demographic characteristics and PACE classification were observed (e.g., socio-economic disadvantage increased the likelihood of Activity Free Adolescents classification, compared to Game and Gain Squad classification). Finally, PACE classification predicted later wellbeing (e.g., Dynamic Doers reported significantly higher wellbeing than Activity Free Adolescents). These findings are discussed in relation to the need to improve accessibility and appeal of arts, culture, and entertainment provision for adolescents as a means to optimize their wellbeing.Pre-registrationThe analysis plan for this study was pre-registered on the Open Science Framework and can be found here:https://osf.io/2jtpd