bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perinatal factors and adult‐onset lupus
Authors: Simard Julia F. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Costenbader Karen H. , HerNán Miguel A. , Stampfer Meir J. , Liang Matthew H. , Mittleman Murray A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveSome evidence suggests that perinatal factors, including birth weight and breastfeeding, may influence the occurrence of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. However, few studies have investigated these factors in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Therefore, we evaluated the role of birth weight, being breastfed, and preterm birth on the incidence of SLE in participants in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and the Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII).MethodsWe studied 87,411 NHS participants and 98,413 NHSII participants without SLE at baseline who provided information on perinatal exposures. Among these women, during 26 (NHS) and 14 (NHSII) years of followup, 222 incident SLE cases were confirmed (136 NHS and 86 NHSII) by medical record review using American College of Rheumatology criteria. We used stratified Cox models to estimate the association of perinatal factors with SLE, adjusting for race, early passive cigarette smoke exposure, and parents' occupation. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was used to compute combined estimates across the 2 cohorts.ResultsAfter adjustment for multiple potential confounders, high birth weight (≥10 pounds) was associated with increased rates of SLE compared with normal birth weight (7–8.5 pounds; rate ratio [RR] 2.7, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.2–5.9), as was being born ≥2 weeks preterm (RR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2–3.0); however, being breastfed was not (RR 0.8, 95% CI 0.6–1.1).ConclusionBirth weight ≥10 pounds and preterm birth were both positively associated with incident SLE among women.
Cardiovascular, rheumatologic, and pharmacologic predictors of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A nested, case–control study
Authors: Nadareishvili Zurab , Michaud Kaleb , Hallenbeck John M. , Wolfe Frederick 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine the risk of stroke in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and risk factors associated with stroke.MethodsWe performed nested case–control analyses within a longitudinal databank, matching up to 20 controls for age, sex, and time of cohort entry to each patient with stroke. Conditional logistic regression was performed as an estimate of the relative risk of stroke in RA patients compared with those with noninflammatory rheumatic disorders, and to examine severity and anti–tumor necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) treatment effects in RA.ResultsWe identified 269 patients with first‐ever all‐category strokes and 67 with ischemic stroke, including 41 in RA patients. The odds ratio (OR) for the risk of all‐category stroke in RA was 1.64 (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.16–2.30, P = 0.005), and for ischemic stroke was 2.66 (95% CI 1.24–5.70, P = 0.012). Ischemic stroke was predicted by hypertension, myocardial infarction, low‐dose aspirin, comorbidity score, Health Assessment Questionnaire score, and presence of total joint replacement, but not by diabetes, smoking, exercise, or body mass index. Adjusted for cardiovascular and RA risk factors, ischemic stroke was associated with rofecoxib (P = 0.060, OR 2.27 [95% CI 0.97–5.28]), and possibly with corticosteroid use. Anti‐TNF therapy was not associated with ischemic stroke (P = 0.584, OR 0.80 [95% CI 0.34–1.82]).ConclusionRA is associated with increased risk of stroke, particularly ischemic stroke. Stroke is predicted by RA severity, certain cardiovascular risk factors, and comorbidity. Except for rofecoxib, RA treatment does not appear to be associated with stroke, although the effect of corticosteroids remains uncertain.
Grainyhead genes and mammalian neural tube closure
Authors: Gustavsson Peter , Copp Andrew J. , Greene Nicholas D. E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Grainyhead genes encode a family of transcription factors that are well conserved from fly to human. The three mammalian homologues, Grainyhead‐like‐1, ‐2, and ‐3 are expressed in various ectodermal and endodermal cell types during embryonic development and in adult skin. Gene targeting in mice has demonstrated functional roles for Grhl1 and Grhl3 in epidermal integrity and wound healing ability of the epidermis, which appear functionally related to the role of Drosophila grainyhead in production and healing of the epidermal cuticle. Importantly, targeted null mice for Grhl3 also display NTDs, comprising severe spina bifida as well as occasional exencephaly. The chromosomal location of Grhl3 and the finding of NTDs in null embryos suggested that Grhl3 could be allelic with the mouse mutant curly tail, a well known model for NTDs. Expression analysis and transgenic rescue suggest that curly tail is a hypomorphic allele of Grhl3. The functional role and downstream mediators of Grhl3 in neural tube closure are largely unknown. However, the developmental and cellular basis of NTDs in curly tail mutants is well established, involving a proliferation defect in the hindgut endoderm. CONCLUSIONS: On this basis, it is possible that Grhl3 has a direct regulatory function in cell proliferation in the hindgut endoderm. Identification of the transcriptional targets of Grhl3 will serve not only to further our understanding of the mechanisms of mammalian neural tube closure, but also to identify potential molecular factors involved in the pathogenesis of NTDs in human. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Advanced monitoring of high‐rate anaerobic reactors through quantitative image analysis of granular sludge and multivariate statistical analysis
Authors: Costa J.C. , Moita I. , Abreu A.A. , Ferreira E.C. , Alves M.M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFour organic loading disturbances were performed in lab‐scale EGSB reactors fed with ethanol. In load disturbance 1 (LD1) and 2 (LD2), the organic loading rate (OLR) was increased between 5 and 18.5 kg COD m−3 day−1, through the influent ethanol concentration increase, and the hydraulic retention time decrease from 7.8 to 2.5 h, respectively. Load disturbances 3 (LD3) and 4 (LD4) were applied by increasing the OLR to 50 kg COD m−3 day−1 during 3 days and 16 days, respectively. The granular sludge morphology was quantified by image analysis and was related to the reactor performance, including effluent volatile suspended solids, indicator of washout events. In general, it was observed the selective washout of filamentous forms associated to granules erosion/fragmentation and to a decrease in the specific acetoclastic activity. These phenomena induced the transitory deterioration of reactor performance in LD2, LD3, and LD4, but not in LD1. Extending the exposure time in LD4 promoted acetogenesis inhibition after 144 h. The application of Principal Components Analysis determined a latent variable that encompasses a weighted sum of performance, physiological and morphological information. This new variable was highly sensitive to reactor efficiency deterioration, enclosing variations between 27% and 268% in the first hours of disturbances. The high loadings raised by image analysis parameters, especially filaments length per aggregates area (LfA), revealed that morphological changes of granular sludge, should be considered to monitor and control load disturbances in high rate anaerobic (granular) sludge bed digesters. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 445–456. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Characterization of electrochemically active bacteria utilizing a high‐throughput voltage‐based screening assay
Authors: Biffinger Justin , Ribbens Meghann , Ringeisen Bradley , Pietron Jeremy , Finkel Steven , Nealson Kenneth 
Published: August 2008

AbstractMetal reduction assays are traditionally used to select and characterize electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) for use in microbial fuel cells (MFCs). However, correlating the ability of a microbe to generate current from an MFC to the reduction of metal oxides has not been definitively established in the literature. As these metal reduction assays may not be generally reliable, here we describe a four‐ to nine‐well prototype high throughput voltage‐based screening assay (VBSA) designed using MFC engineering principles and a universal cathode. Bacterial growth curves for Shewanella oneidensis strains DSP10 and MR‐1 were generated directly from changes in open circuit voltage and current with five percent deviation calculated between each well. These growth curves exhibited a strong correlation with literature doubling times for Shewanella indicating that the VBSA can be used to monitor distinct fundamental properties of EAB life cycles. In addition, eight different organic electron donors (acetate, lactate, citrate, fructose, glucose, sucrose, soluble starch, and agar) were tested with S. oneidensis MR‐1 in anode chambers exposed to air. Under oxygen exposure, we found that current was generated in direct response to additions of acetate, lactate, and glucose. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 436–444. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hand‐painted animation with intelligent brushes
Authors: Laerhoven Tom Van , Fiore Fabian Di , Reeth Frank Van 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this paper we argue for the concept of brushes and pigments enhanced with behavioural intelligence as a complement to established 2D computer animation techniques. Our approach allows the user to enrich and animate interactively created images by semi‐autonomously embedding procedural animation into them. This way, artistic skills of trained animators become within reach of everyone in the digital world, even to completely novice users. To exemplify this concept, we elaborate on several special‐purpose brushes and animated pigment for painting with animation. These include a programmable semi‐autonomous brush used to paint variations of strokes in successive frames (e.g. flames of fire), the moving‐dab brush which enables dabs of paint to follow a user‐defined path (e.g. smoke puffs) and animated pigment to produce secondary motion such as vibrant or waving paint textures. We believe our system offers a new fresh perspective on 2D computer aided animation production and associated tools. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of observer metamerism on colour matching of display and surface colours
Authors: Oicherman Boris , Luo M. Ronnier , Rigg Bryan , Robertson Alan R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe studied the individual variability of asymmetric metameric colour matching between computer displays and object colour stimuli in conditions typical for the surface colour industries. Using two different computational techniques, we assessed the contribution of observer metamerism to this variability. In the studied conditions of spatially separated computer display and surface colour stimuli, this contribution was found to be insignificant for all colours but neutrals. In the chromaticness plane, the range of matches made by different observers practically coincides with the range of matches made by an individual observer. Consequently, we conclude that in the task of matching spatially separated display and surface colours, the range of matches made by a group of observers cannot be determined from variations in their colour‐matching functions, and thus the paradigm of the Standard Deviate Observer is shown to be inapplicable to the studied conditions. We suggest that individual variability in these conditions is governed by mechanisms of chromatic discrimination, and can be modeled by advanced colour difference formulae with suitably adjusted parametric coefficients. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 346–359, 2008
Repairing gamut problems in CIECAM02: A progress report
Authors: Brill Michael H. , Süsstrunk Sabine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe color‐appearance model CIECAM02 has several problems, which can result in mathematical instabilities, due to the position of the chromatic‐adaptation primaries relative to the spectrum locus and to the presumed physiological cone primaries. To keep a corresponding (adapted) color within the positive gamut given by the chromatic adaptation primaries, the gamut must lie within the cone primary octant. To contain adapted colors within the positive cone‐primary octant, it suffices to truncate the action of adaptation at the boundary of that octant. Such modifications may be needed to avoid the mathematical problems in CIECAM02. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 424–426, 2008
Hue, saturation, lightness, and building exterior preference: An empirical study in Turkey comparing architects' and nonarchitects' evaluative and cognitive judgments
Authors: Cubukcu Ebru , Kahraman Ilker 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study investigated architects' and nonarchitects' evaluative and cognitive judgments of color on building exteriors. Thirty architects and 30 high school teachers living in Izmir, Turkey participated in the study. The experiment had two phases. First, participants viewed eight images, in which the color of a building exterior was manipulated with hues selected from HSB (hue, saturation, and brightness) color space. Participants were then asked to rate each image on 7‐point semantic differential scales measuring preference (like–dislike), arousal (arousing–sleepy), naturalness (natural–artificial), and relaxation (relaxing–distressing). Second, participants viewed the same building in nine saturation and lightness levels for each hue and picked the most preferred lightness and saturation level for each hue. Findings showed that for a building exterior: (1) yellow and blue were the most liked colors, (2) some hues were rated as more arousing, more natural, and more relaxing over the others, (3) gender had an effect on color preference and semantic ratings of naturalness and relaxation, (4) architects and nonarchitects differed in their color preference and semantic ratings of arousal and naturalness, and (5) full bright and moderate to low saturated colors and full saturated and moderate to high bright colors were preferred more. The results have practical implications for architects and urban designers. A successful coloration of a building exterior may increase its use frequency and economical value. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 33, 395–405, 2008
Postnatal lead effects on the development of visual spatial acuity in rhesus monkeys (Macaca Mulatta)
Authors: Laughlin Nellie K. , Luck Melissa L. , Lasky Robert E. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractHigh lead levels adversely affect visual function in humans and laboratory animals. The effects of lower lead levels are less certain. This study compared the development of photopic spatial acuity in rhesus monkeys exposed to lead (n = 43) with monkeys (n = 23) not exposed to lead. Lead exposure began at Day 8 postpartum and continued daily throughout the first 26 weeks of postnatal life achieving target blood lead levels of 35–40 µg/dl by about 15 weeks. Photopic spatial acuity was evaluated by a preferential looking technique used clinically to assess spatial acuity in human infants. Acuity increased rapidly over the first few postnatal weeks achieving the maximum acuity level assessed (26.3 c/deg) by 7 weeks of age for most monkeys. Postnatal lead exposure at the dosages and durations studied did not affect the development of photopic spatial acuity. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 50: 608–614, 2008.
Grid cells in mice
Authors: Fyhn Marianne , Hafting Torkel , Witter Menno P. , Moser Edvard I. , Moser May‐Britt 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe medial entorhinal cortex (EC) is a part of the neural network for the representation of self‐location in the rat. The key cell type of this system is the grid cell, whose multiple firing fields span the environment in a remarkably regular triangular or hexagonal pattern. The basic properties of grid cells and other cell types have been described, but the neuronal mechanisms responsible for the formation and maintenance of the place code remain elusive. These mechanisms can be investigated by genetic intervention strategies, where specific components of the entorhinal‐hippocampal network are activated or silenced. Because of the common use of knockout mice for such targeted interventions, we asked if grid activity is expressed also in the mouse. Principal neurons in the superficial layers of mouse medial EC had stable grid fields similar to those of the rat. Neighboring grid cells shared a common spacing and orientation but had a different spatial phase, such that a small number of grid cells collectively represented all locations in the environment. The spacing of the grid increased with distance from the dorsal border of the medial EC. The lowest values for grid spacing, recorded at the dorsal end, were comparable to those of the rat, suggesting that grid fields do not scale up proportionally with body size. Grid cells were colocalized with head‐direction cells and conjunctive place × head‐direction cells, as in the rat. The demonstration of grid cells in mice prepares the ground for transgenic analyses of the entorhinal‐hippocampal network. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Perspectives of parents and tutors on a self‐management program for parents/guardians of children with long‐term and life‐limiting conditions: “a life raft we can sail along with”
Authors: Barlow Julie , Swaby Laura , Turner Andrew 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe lay‐led, community‐based Supporting Parents Programme (SPP) aims to assist parents caring for children with long‐term or life‐limiting conditions through support and cognitive behavioral techniques. The value of the SPP from the perspectives of parent participants and tutors was examined in focus groups and telephone interviews. Data were analyzed using framework analysis. Parents perceived a commonality of emotions and practical issues, valued meeting similar others, felt less isolated, more positive, motivated, and more calm; some had found the “real me again.” Changes were attributed to techniques learned. Parents were anxious of being cast adrift at the end of SPP. Tutors needed more support and additional training around child protection and confidentiality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Counteracting “Not in My Backyard”: the positive effects of greater occupancy within mutual‐help recovery homes
Authors: Jason Leonard A. , Groh David R. , Durocher Megan , Alvarez Josefina , Aase Darrin M. , Ferrari Joseph R. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGroup homes sometimes face significant neighborhood opposition, and municipalities frequently use maximum occupancy laws to close down these homes. This study examined how the number of residents in Oxford House recovery homes impacted residents' outcomes. Larger homes (i.e., eight or more residents) may reduce the cost per person and offer more opportunities to exchange positive social support, thus, it was predicted that larger Oxford Houses would exhibit improved outcomes compared to smaller homes. Regression analyses using data from 643 residents from 154 U.S. Oxford Houses indicated that larger House size predicted less criminal and aggressive behavior; additionally, length of abstinence was a partial mediator in these relationships. These findings have been used in court cases to argue against closing down larger Oxford Houses. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Family violence prevention programs in immigrant communities: perspectives of immigrant men
Authors: Simbandumwe Louise , Bailey Kim , Denetto Shereen , Migliardi Paula , Bacon Brenda , Nighswander Maggie 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe Strengthening Families in Canada Family Violence Prevention Project was aimed at engaging immigrant and refugee communities in family violence prevention. The project, which received support from the Community Mobilization Program, National Crime Prevention Strategy, involved a partnership of four community health and education organizations. The project had three streams: women's, youth, and men's. The women's and youth streams were composed of educational sessions on violence prevention. The third stream consisted of a qualitative research project examining immigrant and refugee men's views of family violence and their suggestions for prevention education. The authors present findings from this research and offer suggestions for future implementation of prevention programming for immigrant and refugee families. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Help‐seeking behavior of west African Migrants
Authors: Knipscheer Jeroen W. , Kleber Rolf J. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn this article, the authors present essential aspects of the help‐seeking behavior with regard to mental health problems of Ghanaian migrants in the Netherlands. Samples of citizens in the general population (n=97) and outpatients treated in mental health care facilities (n=36) were included. Data were acquired by administering a semi‐structured interview. Quantified data were analysed using hierarchical multiple regression analyses and direct (standard) logistic analyses. Help‐seeking pathways are multi‐determined. Being involved in Dutch society may determine an individual's attitude toward health care and the time before taking action. Particularly, socio‐demographic variables (e.g., age, unemployment, urbanicity) and acculturative demands (integrative skills, normative orientation) shape the help‐seeking orientation and service utilization in multiethnic settings. A liaison between mental health services, traditional healers, religious leaders and self‐help groups might therefore benefit patients. By identifying and emphasizing the specific social and acculturation components that facilitate or deter health behaviours, we are better able to implement health care interventions among different ethnic and cultural communities. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The structure and quality of social network support among mental health consumers of clubhouse programs
Authors: Pernice‐Duca Francesca M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThis study explored the structure and quality of social network support among a group of adult consumers of community‐based mental health programs known as clubhouses. The structure and quality of social network support was also examined by diagnosis, specifically between consumers living with and without schizophrenia. The study involved a sample of 221 consumers across 15 clubhouse programs. Social network nominations were collected using a semistructured social network interview strategy. Over 97% of the participants identified at least one source of support in their social network with an average of five nominations. Family members were identified as the most common source of support whereas fellow clubhouse members were least likely to be nominated. Clubhouse members with schizophrenia were less likely to identify family members and were more likely to rate their support networks as more important and engage in greater levels of contact than consumers with other diagnoses. The structure and quality of social network supports were not associated with level of social functioning, length of clubhouse membership or level of participation or other selected demographic variables typically associated with the size and quality of support. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.