bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Youth alcohol and other drug use in the United States and Australia: a cross‐national comparison of three state‐wide samples
Authors: TOUMBOUROU J. W. , BEYERS J. M. , CATALANO R. F. , HAWKINS J. D. , ARTHUR M. W. , EVANS‐WHIPP T. , BOND L. , PATTON G. C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAlthough youth drug and alcohol harm minimization policies in Australia are often contrasted with the abstinence and zero tolerance policies adopted in the United States, there has been little research directly comparing youth substance use behaviour in the two countries. Three state representative samples in Victoria, Australia (n = 7898) and in the US states of Oregon (n = 15 224) and Maine (n = 16 245) completed a common cross‐sectional student survey. Rates of alcohol use (lifetime alcohol use, recent use in the past 30 days), alcohol use exceeding recommended consumption limits (binge drinking: five or more drinks in a session), other licit drug use (tobacco use), and norm‐violating substance use (substance use at school, use in the past 30 days of marijuana or other illicit drug use) were compared for males and females at ages 12–17. Rates were lower (odds ratios 0.5‐0.8) for youth in Maine and Oregon compared to Victoria for lifetime and recent alcohol use, binge drinking and daily cigarette smoking. However, rates of recent marijuana use and recent use of other illicit drugs were higher in Maine and Oregon, as were reports of being drunk or high at school. In contradiction of harm minimization objectives, Victoria, relative to the US states of Oregon and Maine, demonstrated higher rates of alcohol use exceeding recommended consumption limits and daily tobacco use. However, findings suggested that aspects of norm‐violating substance use (substance use at school, marijuana use and other illicit drug use) were higher in the US states compared to Victoria.
BioContrasts: extracting and exploiting protein–protein contrastive relations from biomedical literature
Authors: Kim Jung-jae , Zhang Zhuo , Park Jong C. , Ng See-Kiong 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Motivation: Contrasts are useful conceptual vehicles for learning processes and exploratory research of the unknown. For example, contrastive information between proteins can reveal what similarities, divergences and relations there are of the two proteins, leading to invaluable insights for better understanding about the proteins. Such contrastive information are found to be reported in the biomedical literature. However, there have been no reported attempts in current biomedical text mining work that systematically extract and present such useful contrastive information from the literature for exploitation.
Results: Our BioContrasts system extracts protein–protein contrastive information from MEDLINE abstracts and presents the information to biologists in a web-application for exploitation. Contrastive information are identified in the text abstracts with contrastive negation patterns such as ‘A but not B’. A total of 799 169 pairs of contrastive expressions were successfully extracted from 2.5 million MEDLINE abstracts. Using grounding of contrastive protein names to Swiss-Prot entries, we were able to produce 41 471 pieces of contrasts between Swiss-Prot protein entries. These contrastive pieces of information are then presented via a user-friendly interactive web portal that can be exploited for applications such as the refinement of biological pathways.
Availability: BioContrasts can be accessed at . It is also mirrored at
Supplementary information: Supplementary materials are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: skng@i2r.a-star.edu.sg; park@cs.kaist.ac.kr
Bayesian sparse hidden components analysis for transcription regulation networks
Authors: Sabatti Chiara , James Gareth M. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Motivation: In systems like Escherichia Coli, the abundance of sequence information, gene expression array studies and small scale experiments allows one to reconstruct the regulatory network and to quantify the effects of transcription factors on gene expression. However, this goal can only be achieved if all information sources are used in concert.
Results: Our method integrates literature information, DNA sequences and expression arrays. A set of relevant transcription factors is defined on the basis of literature. Sequence data are used to identify potential target genes and the results are used to define a prior distribution on the topology of the regulatory network. A Bayesian hidden component model for the expression array data allows us to identify which of the potential binding sites are actually used by the regulatory proteins in the studied cell conditions, the strength of their control, and their activation profile in a series of experiments. We apply our methodology to 35 expression studies in E.Coli with convincing results.
Availability:
Supplementary information: The supplementary material are available at Bioinformatics online.
Contact: csabatti@mednet.ucla.edu
The Completely Opacified Frontal or Sphenoid Sinus: A Marker of More Severe Disease in Chronic Rhinosinusitis?
Authors: Bhattacharyya Neil 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective: Determine whether complete opacification of the sphenoid or frontal sinus is associated with increased clinical severity of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).Methods: Adult patients undergoing evaluation for CRS prospectively completed the rhinosinusitis symptom inventory (RSI) and underwent computed tomography of the paranasal sinuses. A cohort with at least one completely opacified frontal sinus was identified. To each patient in this opacified cohort, a control patient without complete frontal sinus opacification was matched with corresponding Lund score. Symptom scores for headache, facial pressure, RSI symptom domains, and medical resource consumption were statistically compared. Similar analysis was conducted for patients with complete sphenoid sinus opacification.Results: Fifty‐four patients with at least one completely opacified frontal sinus were matched for Lund score to the control group (mean Lund score 17.1). There was no statistically significant difference in headache (2.1 vs. 2.8) or pressure scores (2.0 vs. 2.3) or in the RSI symptom domains between those patients with completely opacified frontal sinuses and controls, respectively. Although completely opacified patients received more antibiotic treatment and missed more workdays, only the increased numbers of physicians visits (4.0 vs. 2.1, P = .02) was significant. Thirty‐four of 35 completely opacified sphenoid patients were matched to control patients (mean Lund score 16.7). Again, differences in symptom scores for headache (2.5 vs. 2.5), facial pressure (2.3 vs. 2.3), and RSI symptom domains were not statistically significant. Increased use of antibiotics (9.6 vs. 3.9, P = .036) and physician visits (5.8 vs. 1.8, P = .024) for sphenoid opacification patients was statistically significant.Conclusions: Patients with a completely opacified sphenoid or frontal sinus do not necessarily manifest more severe clinical symptoms of CRS. Thus, a higher radiographic stage should not be automatically assigned to patients with a completely opacified sphenoid of frontal sinus in CRS.
The Influence of Ethnicity and Generational Status on Parent and Family Relations Among Chinese and Filipino Adolescents
Authors: Willgerodt Mayumi Anne , Thompson Elaine Adams 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to explore the influence of ethnic and generational differences on perceptions about parent and family relationships in a nationally representative sample of Chinese and Filipino adolescents living in the United States. Design: This was a cross‐sectional descriptive study, utilizing data from the National Longitudinal Study on Adolescent Health. Sample: The sample was weighted to produce a nationally representative sample, based on 216 self‐identified Chinese and 387 self‐identified Filipino adolescents. Results: Results indicated that generational status plays a role in predicting how adolescents perceive the parent–adolescent relationship. Conclusions: Findings provide a basis by which community health nurses can begin to understand the uniqueness of Asian subgroups, as well as generations of immigrant youth.
Predicting Smoking Status in a College‐Age Population
Authors: Ridner S. Lee 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that predict smoking group membership in a college‐age population. Design: A nonexperimental cross‐sectional design was used to examine factors that distinguished among four groups: never established (n = 591), former (n = 41), nondaily (n = 80), and daily (n = 76) cigarette smokers. Sample: A pencil and paper questionnaire was returned by 788 randomly selected college students, 18–24 years of age. Results: Significant differences were found among the groups on their mothers', fathers', siblings', and peers' smoking behaviors and attitudes toward smoking. The nondaily and daily smoking groups reported a greater number of risk behaviors than the never established and former smoking groups. The two groups of current smokers also were more likely to report an increased level of depressive symptoms compared with the nonsmoking groups. The number of high school and college friends who smoke and self‐reported high‐risk alcohol and drug behaviors predicted smoking group membership in a polytomous logistic regression. Conclusions: Strategies to alter the social environment and decrease the exposure of nonsmoking students to others who model smoking behaviors may help decrease smoking initiation and prevent relapse on college campuses.
Re‐Evaluating Current Public Health Policy: Alternative Public Health Nursing Approaches to Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing for Teens and Males who Have Sex with Males
Authors: O'Byrne Patrick , Holmes Dave 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Objective:
Due to a recent increase in the rates of reportable sexually transmitted infections (STI) across Canada, and the movement of public health nursing initiatives to a health promotion/illness prevention model, this paper proposes alternative strategies to current public health initiatives to encourage individuals who are labelled as at‐risk by public health discourses, such as teens and males who have sex with males (MSM), to undertake preventative screening. Theoretical Design: To undertake this task, we approached Health Canada's (2002) determinants of health utilizing Lupton's (1995) post‐structuralist work on public health to suggest that for some members of these groups, health is not an imperative. Conclusions: As such, we propose that increasing anonymous testing and its advertisement would provide one means of providing population‐sensitive care and could thus increase the screening rates of individuals within groups who reject the public health “healthy” disquisition.
Health‐Risk Behaviors in a Sample of First‐Time Pregnant Adolescents
Authors: Kaiser Margaret M. , Hays Bevely J. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the frequency of prenatal health‐risk behaviors (substance use, sexual risk taking, and prenatal class attendance) among a nonrandom sample of first‐time pregnant adolescents. Design: The design is descriptive. Sample: 145 ethnically diverse first‐time pregnant adolescents aged 15–18 years. Measurement: Health behavior questions modified from the Center for Disease Control's Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System. Results: The health‐risk behavior most modified during pregnancy was alcohol use (64/145 drank but quit and 1/145 did not quit). Of the 52/145 who used street drugs, nine continued despite pregnancy. Of the 75/145 who smoked early in pregnancy, 39 continued. The majority did not use a condom at last sexual intercourse. Approximately half attended a prenatal class and half attended a teen parenting class. Conclusion: Health‐risk behaviors captured by birth certificate data are thought to be underreported for all age groups, and the prevalence of health‐risk behaviors in this sample of pregnant teens was often greater than the most recent national trend data available. The magnitude of the effects of health‐risk behaviors on pregnancy outcomes necessitates improved data gathering to enhance planning and evaluation of research and interventions at community, system, and individual/family levels.
A hepatocarcinogenic tryptophan–pyrolyzate component, Trp‐P‐1, decreases serum total testosterone level and induces hepatic Cyp1a2 in male mice
Authors: Degawa Masakuni , Hanaki Koji , Sekimoto Masashi 
Published: December 2005

Male (BALB/c × DBA/2) F1 mice were given 3‐amino‐1,4‐dimethyl‐5H‐pyrido [4,3‐b] indole acetate (Trp‐P‐1; 20 mg/kg body weight) by gavage at 24‐h intervals for 1 or 2 weeks, and the effects of Trp‐P‐1 on the levels of serum total testosterone and hepatic cytochrome P4501a2 (Cyp1a2) were examined. A significant decrease in serum total testosterone level was observed after treatment with Trp‐P‐1 for 2 weeks, but not for 1 week. Likewise, gene expression levels of testicular androgenic enzymes, including cholesterol side chain cleavage cytochrome P450, 3β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and steroid 17α‐hydroxylase/C17‐20 lyase, decreased only in the mice treated with Trp‐P‐1 for 2 weeks. In contrast, levels of the mRNA and apoprotein of hepatic Cyp1a2 and its enzyme activity for O‐demethylation of methoxyresorufin significantly increased in the mice treated with Trp‐P‐1 for 2 weeks, but only a small increase was observed in mice treated for 1 week. In the present study, we demonstrate for the first time that treatment of male mice with Trp‐P‐1 results in a decrease in serum total testosterone level through suppression of the gene expression of testicular enzymes responsible for androgen biosynthesis, and this then leads to induction of hepatic Cyp1a2. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 32–37)
SUCI02 inhibits the erbB‐2 tyrosine kinase receptor signaling pathway and arrests the cell cycle in G1 phase in breast cancer cells
Authors: Zhu Xiao‐Feng , Wang Jing‐Song , Cai Li‐Ling , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Yang Dajun 
Published: December 2005

The erbB‐2 gene encodes tyrosine kinase receptor p185neu. Overexpression of erbB‐2 plays a key role in tumorigenesis and the progression of tumors such as breast cancer and ovarian cancer. Our investigation suggests that the anti‐inflammatory agent N‐(4‐ethoxyphenol)‐2‐hydroxy‐acid amide (SUCI02) reversibly represses tyrosine phosphorylation of erbB‐2 in a dose‐dependent manner, with half maximal inhibition occurring at a concentration of 21.05 µmol/L without reduced erbB‐2 receptor expression. Activation of mitogen‐activated protein kinase and protein kinase B, downstream molecules of the erbB‐2‐mediated signal transduction pathway, was inhibited following exposure to SUCI02. In contrast, tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) was relatively unaffected by SUCI02. Proliferation of erbB‐2‐overexpressing BT474 cells was inhibited to a greater extent than proliferation of EGFR‐overexpressing A431 cells following exposure to SUCI02. SUCI02 induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase with upregulation of p27 and downregulation of pRb phosphorylation. Systemic administration of SUCI02 in nude mice resulted in inhibition of erbB‐2 tyrosine kinase phosphorylation of subcutaneous human breast cancer BT474 xenografts. We conclude that SUCI02 inhibits erbB‐2 tyrosine kinase phosphorylation in vitro and in vivo, shuts down the erbB‐2 downstream pathway and induces cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. These results suggest that SUCI02 is a potential novel anticancer agent that deserves further investigation. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 84–89)
Poor correlation of supratherapeutic international normalised ratio and vitamin K‐dependent procoagulant factor levels during warfarin therapy
Authors: Sarode Ravindra , Rawal Ajay , Lee Ray , Shen Yu‐Min , Frenkel Eugene P 
Published: December 2005

SummaryPatients with a supratherapeutic international normalised ratio (ST‐INR) are at risk for bleeding. ST‐INR is corrected by withholding warfarin therapy and often by supplementing vitamin K or providing vitamin K‐dependent factors; the exact therapeutic decision is based on the extent of the prolonged INR. Currently, ST‐INRs are frequently observed in clinical practice due to the use of sensitive recombinant tissue thromboplastin reagents and automation. However, there are scant data correlating an ST‐INR with various vitamin K‐dependent factors. This prospective cohort study, set in a large tertiary care teaching hospital for the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, defined the relationship between ST‐INR (>5·0) and measured vitamin K‐dependent procoagulant factors. Prothrombin time, INR and vitamin K‐dependent factors II, VII, IX and X were measured in 78 patients with an INR > 5·0 (ST‐INR) who were on warfarin therapy for more than 2 months. There was no significant relationship between the ST‐INR and levels of important vitamin K‐dependent factors II and X. These data support the recent guidelines that the management of an INR > 5·0 should be driven by the clinical determinants rather than specific INR values per se.
Glatiramer acetate reduces lymphocyte proliferation and enhances IL-5 and IL-13 production through modulation of monocyte-derived dendritic cells in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Sanna A , Fois M L , Arru G , Huang Y-M , Link H , Pugliatti M , Rosati G , Sotgiu S 
Published: December 2005

Summary
Dendritic cells (DC), as the most effective antigen presenting cells, are protagonists of the complex immune network involved in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion formation. Glatiramer acetate (GA), a synthetic random copolymer, is thought to exert its therapeutical effect in MS by favouring both Th2 cell development and IL-10 production from peripheral lymphocytes as well as by systemically affecting the antigen presenting cells. In the present study we further analysed the mechanisms of action of GA by using an autologous DC-lymphocytes (Ly) coculture system from 11 MS patients and 12 matched healthy controls (HC). We found that, in MS patients, pretreatment with GA significantly decreases the in vitro proliferative effect of DC on lymphocytes as compared to HC and to unpulsed or myelin basic protein (MBP)-pulsed DC from MS patients (P &lt; 0·05). In addition, GA-treated DC from both MS patients and HC significantly increase the lymphocyte production of IL-5 and IL-13 as compared to MBP-treated DC (P &lt; 0·05). In conclusion our in vitro study may provide new therapeutical mechanisms of GA on lymphocytes, antiproliferative and Th2-favouring effects, which are mediated by monocyte-derived DC.
Effects of hexachlorocyclohexane on rhizosphere fungal propagules and root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Plantago lanceolata
Authors: Sainz M. J. , González‐Penalta B. , Vilariño A. 
Published: December 2005

SummaryLindane (γ‐hexachlorocyclohexane or γ‐HCH) is an organochlorine insecticide previously used extensively for the control of agricultural pests. We studied the effects of soil HCH contamination on vegetation and its associated arbuscular mycorrhizas (AM). The polluted and unpolluted plots had similar plant cover, with the same species richness and abundance. Plantago lanceolata plants were selected for mycorrhizal analysis because of their presence in both plots and known mycotrophy. The presence of HCH appeared to have no significant effect on the extent of colonization of Plantago roots by AM, suggesting a similar functionality of the fungal symbionts. However, infective AM propagules, the density of AM spores and viable AM hyphae in the rhizosphere were much less in the HCH‐polluted soil than in the unpolluted plot. Pre‐inoculation of four plant species with an isolate of Glomus deserticola obtained from the HCH‐contaminated soil resulted in increased growth and fungal colonization of roots compared with plants pre‐inoculated with the introduced fungus G. macrocarpum or colonized by the consortium of indigenous AM fungal species, when those plants were transplanted to an HCH‐contaminated soil. This suggests that the fungus increases the tolerance of plants to the toxic soil environment. We conclude that herbaceous and woody plants can grow in soil with little P contaminated with <100 mg HCH kg−1 with the help of tolerant AM, despite the detrimental effect of HCH on AM fungal propagules in soil. The effects of AM fungi on plant growth and soil microbial community structure in HCH‐polluted sites could be important for remediation of the pollutant through the microbial activity in the rhizosphere.
Investigating microbial community structure in soils by physiological, biochemical and molecular fingerprinting methods
Authors: Singh B. K. , Munro S. , Reid E. , Ord B. , Potts J. M. , Paterson E. , Millard P. 
Published: December 2005

SummarySeveral biochemical and molecular methods are used to investigate the microbial diversity and changes in microbial community structure in rhizospheres and bulk soils resulting from changes in management. We have compared the effects of plants on the microbial community, using several methods, in three different types of soils. Pots containing soil from three contrasting sites were planted with Lolium perenne (rye grass). Physiological (Biolog), biochemical (PLFA) and molecular (DGGE and TRFLP) fingerprinting methods were employed to study the change in soil microbial communities caused by the growth of rye grass. Different methods of DNA extraction and nested PCR on TRFLP profiles were examined to investigate whether they gave different views of community structure. Molecular methods were used for both fungal and bacterial diversity. Principal component analysis of Biolog data suggested a significant effect of the plants on the microbial community structure. We found significant effects of both soil type and plants on microbial communities in PLFA data. Data from TRFLP of soil bacterial communities showed large effects of soil type and smaller but significant effects of plants. Effects of plant growth on soil fungal communities were measured by TRFLP and DGGE. Multiple Procrustes analysis suggested that both methods gave similar results, with only soil types having a significant effect on fungal communities. However, TRFLP was more discriminatory as it generated more ribotype fragments for each sample than the number of bands detected by DGGE. Neither methods of DNA extraction nor the nested PCR had any effect on the evaluation of soil microbial community structure. In conclusion, the different methods of microbial fingerprinting gave qualitatively similar results when samples were processed consistently and compatible statistical methods used. However, the molecular methods were more discriminatory than the physiological and biochemical approaches. We believe results obtained from this experiment will have a major impact on soil microbial ecology in general and rhizosphere–microbial interaction studies in particular, as we showed that the different fingerprinting methods for microbial communities gave qualitatively similar results.