bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Energy Intake and Meal Portions: Associations with BMI Percentile in U.S. Children
Authors: Huang Terry T‐K , Howarth Nancy C. , Lin Biing‐Hwan , Roberts Susan B. , McCrory Megan A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: We examined relationships of eating patterns and reported energy intake (rEI) with BMI percentile in U.S. children.Research Methods and Procedures: Two 24‐hour dietary recalls from the Continuing Surveys of Food Intakes by Individuals 1994 to 1996 and 1998 (1005 boys, 990 girls) were averaged, and children were categorized into three age groups: 3 to 5 years (n = 1077), 6 to 11 years (n = 537), and 12 to 19 years (n = 381). Physiologically implausible reports due to reporting bias or abnormal intake (rEI outside ±18% to 23% of predicted energy requirements; pER) were identified.Results: rEI averaged 109 ± 34% and 100 ± 10% of pER in the total and plausible samples, respectively. EI was overreported more in younger children and underreported more in overweight older children. Children with plausible rEI (45.3% of sample) averaged 4.7 eating occasions/d, 589 kcal/meal, 223 kcal/snack, and 2038 kcal/d. rEI was not associated with BMI percentile in the total sample. In the plausible sample, rEI, meal portion size, and meal energy were positively associated with BMI percentile in boys 6 to 11 years and in children 12 to 19 years. No relationships were found in children 3 to 5 years and girls 6 to 11 years. Relationships were more consistent and stronger in the plausible compared with the total sample.Discussion: Excluding implausible dietary reports may be necessary for discerning dietary associations with BMI percentile. EI and meal, but not snack, patterns may play a quantitatively greater role in weight regulation as children age.
Sustained Weight Loss in Obese Subjects Has Benefits That Are Independent of Attained Weight
Authors: Dixon John B. , Anderson Margaret , Cameron‐Smith David , O'Brien Paul E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To explore the hypothesis that sustained weight loss in severely obese patients may have benefits that are independent of their attained BMI.Research Methods and Procedures: We conducted a comparison of two weight‐stable groups with BMI in the 30 to 35 kg/m2 range. Subjects (n = 79) were selected obese patients 3 years after laparoscopic adjustable gastric band surgery, and controls (n = 79) were obese patients seeking weight loss therapy. Subjects were selected in a de‐identified manner from our database to best match the control group. A range of clinical, biochemical, and questionnaire measures were obtained to assess obesity‐related health statusResults: Subjects maintained a mean weight loss of 32.8 ± 18 kg after surgery. The weight loss subjects had significantly lower fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations, along with higher high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels and better indirect measures of insulin sensitivity when compared with controls (p < 0.05 for all). In addition, aminotransferase levels, neutrophil counts, and globulin levels were also significantly lower in weight loss subjects. All differences in laboratory variables remained significant after controlling for BMI. The subjects also reported better health‐related quality of life, fewer symptoms of depression, and greater satisfaction with their appearance than controls.Discussion: These findings suggest that the post‐weight loss state conveys benefits that are greater than predicted by the attained BMI. These findings may have important implications regarding the expectations of weight loss therapy, and mechanisms for this effect should be carefully sought.
Epidemiology of Overweight and Obesity in a Greek Adult Population: the ATTICA Study
Authors: Panagiotakos Demosthenes B. , Pitsavos Christos , Chrysohoou Christina , Risvas Grigoris , Kontogianni Meropi D. , Zampelas Antonis , Stefanadis Christodoulos 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the status of overweight and obesity in a Greek random sample.Research Methods and Procedures: From 2001 to 2002, 1514 men (20 to 87 years old) and 1528 women (20 to 89 years old) were enrolled into the study. Among several sociodemographic, lifestyle, and bioclinical factors, anthropometric characteristics were also recorded. Overweight and obesity were defined according to the World Health Organization classification.Results: The prevalences of overweight and obesity were 53% and 20% in men and 31% and 15% in women (p for gender differences < 0.05). The age‐adjusted peak prevalence of obesity was observed in men older than 40 years old and women between 50 and 59 years old (Bonferonni α < 0.001). Central obesity prevailed in 36% of men and 43% of women (p for gender differences < 0.001). Obesity varied from 10% in rural to 25% in urban areas, but this difference was explained mainly by differences in occupational status (p = 0.9). Moreover, obese and overweight participants were older, less educated, more frequently sedentary, consumed higher quantities of alcoholic beverages, and were devoted to an unhealthier diet as compared with those of normal weight (all p < 0.05). A positive association was also observed between BMI and diastolic and systolic blood pressures, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and glucose levels (all p < 0.001).Discussion: Overweight and obesity seem to be a great health problem in the Greek population, especially in middle‐aged and older adults. Unfavorable lifestyle habits, low education, and the classical cardiovascular risk factors were associated with the prevalence of these health conditions.
Moderate and Severe Obesity Have Large Differences in Health Care Costs
Authors: Andreyeva Tatiana , Sturm Roland , Ringel Jeanne S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To analyze health care use and expenditures associated with varying degrees of obesity for a nationally representative sample of individuals 54 to 69 years old.Research Methods and Procedures: Data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationwide biennial longitudinal survey of Americans in their 50s, were used to estimate multivariate regression models of the effect of weight class on health care use and costs. The main outcomes were total health care expenditures, the number of outpatient visits, the probability of any inpatient stay, and the number of inpatient days.Results: The results indicated that there were large differences in obesity‐related health care costs by degree of obesity. Overall, a BMI of 35 to 40 was associated with twice the increase in health care expenditures above normal weight (about a 50% increase) than a BMI of 30 to 35 (about a 25% increase); a BMI of over 40 doubled health care costs (∼100% higher costs above those of normal weight). There was a difference by gender in how health care use and costs changed with obesity class. The primary effect of increasing weight class on health care use appeared to be through elevated use of outpatient health care services.Discussion: Obesity imposes an increasing burden on the health care system, and that burden grows disproportionately large for the most obese segment of the U.S. population. Because the prevalence of severe obesity is increasing much faster than that of moderate obesity, average estimates of obesity effects obscure real consequences for individuals, physician practices, hospitals, and health plans.
Diet‐induced Obesity Delays Cardiovascular Recovery from Stress in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Šedová Lucie , Bérubé Julie , Gaudet Daniel , Dumont Marc , Tremblay Johanne , Hamet Pavel , Pausová Zdenka 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) responses to stress are significant predictors of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Because obesity is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, we examined whether diet‐induced obesity alters the BP and HR responses to stress and whether these alterations are associated with augmented cardiovascular morbidity in the rat.Research Methods and Procedures: Adult male spontaneously hypertensive rats were fed either a normal diet or high‐fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks. At weeks 0 and 12, body weight was measured, and BP and HR were recorded by radiotelemetry throughout three consecutive day and night periods and in response to 30‐minute immobilization stress. At the end of the 12‐week intervention, the rats were sacrificed, and their organs and sera were collected.Results: With the intervention, HFD rats showed a significantly greater increase in body weight (as expected) and circulating leptin and free fatty acid levels compared with normal diet rats. In addition, they showed similar increases in BP and HR elevations during stress but significantly slower BP and HR decreases after stress. These HFD‐induced delays in stress recovery were associated with BP and HR elevations during the night (behaviorally active) period and with augmentations in cardiac mass.Discussion: The results of this study indicate that, in spontaneously hypertensive rats, dietary obesity delays cardiovascular recovery from stress, and, in parallel, it promotes the development of nocturnal hypertension as well as cardiac hypertrophy. This suggests that dietary obesity may significantly potentiate the impact of daily stressful experiences on the cardiovascular system.
Weight and BMI over 6 years in Korean Children: Relationships to Body Image and Weight Loss Efforts
Authors: Lee Kayoung , Sohn Haesook , Lee Sangyeoup , Lee Jinkyoung 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate the relationships among longitudinal weight status, body dissatisfaction, and attitude to weight loss among Korean children from the age of 7‐8 to 13‐14 years old.Research Methods and Procedures: 351 Korean school children's heights and weights were measured at the ages of 7‐8 and 13‐14 years old; at the age of 13‐14, they completed a questionnaire about body dissatisfaction and weight loss efforts.Results: At the age of 7‐8, 15.7% of children were overweight by International Obesity Task Force standards, as compared with 26.2% at the age of 13‐14. Of the 55 7‐ to 8‐year‐old overweight children, 85.5% were still overweight at the age of 13‐14 years old. Greater concerns about body image and stronger desires to be thinner were observed among stable overweight children and among those in whom there had been a rapid increase in BMI over the 6‐year study period. Girls favored thinner shapes than did boys, regardless of their weight status or BMI changes. In girls, the level of body dissatisfaction was related only to weight loss desire, regardless of weight status or changes in BMI. In boys, however, weight loss desire was related only to weight loss attempts and was independent of weight status, BMI changes, and level of body dissatisfaction.Discussion: Regardless of weight status, changes in BMI should be considered when dealing with body dissatisfaction and attitudes to weight loss in children.
Investigation of Obesity Candidate Genes On Porcine Fat Deposition Quantitative Trait Loci Regions
Authors: Kim Kwan‐Suk , Thomsen Hauke , Bastiaansen John , Nguyen Nguyet Thu , Dekkers Jack C.M. , Plastow Graham S. , Rothschild Max F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectives: To investigate possible obesity candidate genes in regions of porcine quantitative trait loci (QTL) for fat deposition and obesity‐related phenotypes.Research Methods and Procedures: Chromosome mapping and QTL analyses of obesity candidate genes were performed using DNA panels from a reference pig family. Statistical association analyses of these genes were performed for fat deposition phenotypes in several other commercial pig populations.Results: Eight candidate genes were mapped to QTL regions of pig chromosomes in this study. These candidate genes also served as anchor loci to determine homologous human chromosomal locations of pig fat deposition QTL. Preliminary analyses of relationships among polymorphisms of individual candidate genes and a variety of phenotypic measurements in a large number of pigs were performed. On the basis of available data, gene‐gene interactions were also studied.Discussion: Comparative analysis of obesity‐related genes in the pig is not only important for development of marker‐assisted selection on growth and fat deposition traits in the pig but also provides for an understanding of their genetic roles in the development of human obesity.
Sarcopenic Obesity Predicts Instrumental Activities of Daily Living Disability in the Elderly
Authors: Baumgartner Richard N. , Wayne Sharon J. , Waters Debra L. , Janssen Ian , Gallagher Dympna , Morley John E. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To determine the association of sarcopenic obesity with the onset of Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) disability in a cohort of 451 elderly men and women followed for up to 8 years.Research Methods and Procedures: Sarcopenic obesity was defined at study baseline as appendicular skeletal muscle mass divided by stature squared <7.26 kg/m2 in men and 5.45 kg/m2 in women and percentage body fat greater than the 60th percentile of the study sample (28% body fat in men and 40% in women). Incident disability was defined as a loss of two or more points from baseline score on the IADL. Subjects with disability at baseline (scores < 8) were excluded. Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to determine the association of baseline sarcopenic obesity with onset of IADL disability, controlling for potential confounders.Results: Subjects with sarcopenic obesity at baseline were two to three times more likely to report onset of IADL disability during follow‐up than lean sarcopenic or nonsarcopenic obese subjects and those with normal body composition. The relative risk for incident disability in sarcopenic obese subjects was 2.63 (95% confidence interval, 1.19 to 5.85), adjusting for age, sex, physical activity level, length of follow‐up, and prevalent morbidity.Discussion: This is the first study, to our knowledge, to indicate that sarcopenic obesity is independently associated with and precedes the onset of IADL disability in the community‐dwelling elderly. The etiology of sarcopenic obesity is unknown but may include a combination of decreases in anabolic signals and obesity‐associated increases in catabolic signals in old age.
The Eating Inventory and Body Adiposity from Leanness to Massive Obesity: a Study of 2509 Adults
Authors: Bellisle France , Clément Karine , Le Barzic Michelle , Le Gall Annie , Guy‐Grand Bernard , Basdevant Arnaud 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To examine how chronic dietary restraint, disinhibition, and hunger, as assessed by the Eating Inventory, vary over a broad range of BMI values from leanness to massive obesity, in subjects with family obesity. Eating Inventory factors were also studied as a function of personal weight history.Research Methods and Procedures: Subjects were 2509 participants in a genetic study of obesity. BMIs ranged from 15 to 87 kg/m2. Six BMI groups were formed (<27, 27 to 30, 30 to 35, 35 to 40, 40 to 45, and >45).Results: Multivariate analyses showed that restraint and disinhibition were significantly associated with BMI in men, whereas only disinhibition was in women. Disinhibition scores correlated strongly with hunger scores in both genders in all BMI categories; dietary restraint tended to correlate with the other two factors positively in leaner subjects and negatively in the highest BMI categories. Highly restrained normal‐weight subjects were likely to exhibit disinhibition and hunger, whereas massively obese persons with very high disinhibition scores showed high hunger but little restraint. The highest restraint scores were observed in nonobese adult women with previous obesity in childhood and/or adolescence.Discussion: The factor most strongly associated with BMI in this large population was disinhibition, suggesting that obesity treatment should target behaviors associated with disinhibition, especially in individuals showing a low level of dietary restraint. High restraint scores in formerly obese normal‐weight women suggest that dietary restraint may exert a beneficial influence on body weight control under conditions that deserve further investigation.
Anthropometric, Parental, and Psychosocial Correlates of Dietary Intake of African‐American Girls
Authors: Cullen Karen W. , Baranowski Tom , Klesges Lisa M. , Watson Kathy , Sherwood Nancy E. , Story Mary , Zakeri Issa , Leachman‐Slawson Deborah , Pratt Charlotte 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: This paper identifies the anthropometric, parental, and psychosocial characteristics and meal practices (e.g., breakfast skipping and number of meals and snacks consumed) associated with consumption of total energy, percent energy from fat, fruit, 100% fruit juice, vegetables, sweetened beverages, and water among 8‐ to 10‐year‐old African‐American girls.Research Methods and Procedures: This study included 114 8‐ to 10‐year‐old African‐American girls and a parent or primary caregiver. Girls and a parent or primary caregiver completed several dietary questionnaires. Two 24‐hour dietary recalls were conducted with each girl. Height and weight were measured. Separate hierarchical regression analyses were conducted for each dependent dietary variable; potential field center differences were examined.Results: The number of meals and snacks consumed was correlated with energy intake. Lower BMI was related to higher vegetable consumption, and the number of snacks consumed was positively related to sweetened beverage consumption. Greater low‐fat food preparation practices reported by parents were related to lower consumption of fat as a percentage of total energy.Discussion: Dietary behavior differed across geographic areas. Low‐fat food preparation practices in the home seemed to be an important influence on the percentage of energy consumed from fat. Greater vegetable consumption was associated with lower BMI. Interventions to prevent excessive weight gain in African‐American girls should encourage low‐fat food preparation in the home and greater consumption of vegetables.
Trends in Childhood Obesity in Japan over the Last 25 Years from the National Nutrition Survey
Authors: Matsushita Yumi , Yoshiike Nobuo , Kaneda Fumi , Yoshita Katsushi , Takimoto Hidemi 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To describe the 25‐year changes in BMI (measured in kilograms per meters squared) and the prevalence of obesity in Japanese children with special reference to urban‐rural differences.Research Methods and Procedures: We used the data sets from the cross‐sectional annual nationwide surveys (National Nutrition Survey, Japan) conducted from 1976 to 2000 and comprising 29, 052 boys and 27, 552 girls between 6 and 14 years of age. We carried out the trend analyses with the data on sex and age groups and on residential areas according to the size of the municipality (metropolitan areas, cities, and small towns).Results: The mean (age‐adjusted) BMI increased by +0.32 kg/m2 per 10 years in boys and by +0.24 kg/m2 per 10 years in girls, increases that were remarkable in small towns. The prevalence of obese boys and girls increased from 6.1% and 7.1%, respectively, in the time‐period 1976 to 1980, to 11.1% and 10.2% in 1996 to 2000. The increasing trend was most evident in 9‐ to 11‐year‐old children of both sexes living in small towns, whereas no changes were observed in girls in metropolitan areas.Discussion: Our data clearly show increasing trends in obesity prevalence in Japanese school children. Degrees of the increasing trends, however, differed across sex and age groups and residential areas, demonstrating a particular phenomenon that girls in metropolitan areas were unlikely to become obese. These epidemiological aspects indicate the priorities for intervention in population strategies to control obesity in children.
Early Sexual Maturation, Body Composition, and Obesity in African‐American Girls
Authors: Himes John H. , Obarzanek Eva , Baranowski Tom , Wilson Darrell M. , Rochon James , McClanahan Barbara S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: To describe associations between sexual maturation and body composition in a sample of African‐American girls who were participants in phase 1 pilot interventions of the Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies.Research Methods and Procedures: Stature, weight, and waist circumference were measured. Pubic hair and breast development were assessed, and body composition was measured by DXA for 147 African‐American girls who were 8 to 10 years of age from three field centers. Participants had BMI ≥25th percentile for age (one site) or BMI ≥50th percentile for age.Results: Girls Health Enrichment Multisite Studies girls had greater BMI, fat mass, and percentage body fat than national norms and relatively earlier initiation of breast development and pubic hair. Increasing stages of breast development, but not stages of pubic hair, were related to increased stature, waist circumference, BMI, lean mass, fat mass, and percentage of body fat. Pubescent girls (breast stage ≥ 2) were greater than six times as likely to be classified as at risk of overweight (BMI ≥ 85th percentile) and greater than eight times as likely to be classified as overweight (BMI ≥ 95th percentile) as prepubescent counterparts. Adjusted odds ratios for advanced breast development [breast stage ≥ 2 (8 years) or ≥ 3 (9 and 10 years)] were 3.6 for risk of overweight and for overweight compared to girls with average or less than average breast development.Discussion: Sexual maturation is important to consider in understanding the classification of overweight and the development of obesity during adolescence. Breast development and pubic hair development should be considered separately for their associations with growth and body composition.
Assessing Weight‐Related Biochemical Cardiovascular Risk Factors in African‐American Girls
Authors: Wilson Darrell M. , Wang Yun , Cullen Karen W. , Baranowski Tom , Himes John H. , Gross Myron , McClanahan Barbara S. , Robinson Thomas N. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Hyperinsulinemia/insulin resistance is a risk factor for future type 2 diabetes. Fasting insulin and blood lipids serve as direct indicators of subsequent risk and as biochemical markers of metabolically significant adiposity. We examined the feasibility of obtaining fasting blood samples and report correlates of these biochemical markers in an understudied population sample.Research Methods and Procedures: Fasting samples were requested from African‐American girls, 8.00 to 10.99 years of age, for insulin, glucose, and lipid concentrations. Indices of insulin sensitivity and secretion were calculated and correlated with anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, and body composition data.Results: Samples were obtained from 119 of 210 (57%) girls, varying from 5% to 86% across the four field centers. Glucose ranged from 71 to 104 mg/dL. Eleven percent had insulin concentrations >20 mU/liter. One girl had a triglyceride concentration >130 mg/dL. Thirteen percent had total cholesterol >200 mg/dL, whereas all subjects had high‐density lipoprotein (HDL)‐cholesterol of ≥35 mg/dL. Fourteen percent had low‐density lipoprotein levels >130 mg/dL. Insulin concentrations showed consistently strong associations with measures of body weight (rs = 0.54 to 0.67); glucose, HDL, and LDL showed weaker correlations (rs = −0.11 to 0.22). Insulin concentration was highly correlated with indices of both insulin secretion and resistance (rs = 0.99).Discussion: Fasting blood samples in young African‐American girls were obtained with reasonable cooperation in three of the four field centers involved in this community‐based study. Fasting insulin, glucose, LDL, and HDL concentrations may help evaluate future diabetes and cardiovascular risk in children of this age.