bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Public relations models and persuasion ethics: a new approach
Authors: Fawkes Johanna 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to review public relations and related literature to examine attitudes to persuasion and propaganda as part of a long‐term project to produce an integrated ethical framework.Design/methodology/approachA critical approach to existing literature, examining assumptions and value judgments underpinning core texts and other writing. The limitations of systems, marketplace and relationship theory are briefly examined.FindingsThe dominance of systems theory and its reluctance to engage with persuasion has created a vacuum which is filled by critics, such as Stauber and Rampton. The common models of public relations – boundary spanner, advocate, relationship manager and propagandist – have limited discussion of persuasion and persuasion ethics, with the exception of the rhetorical version of advocacy which has produced considerable material of interest. However, rhetoric is rarely taught in the UK and the marketplace approach is more common. Social psychology has useful insights into persuasion and the Maletzke model is adapted to suggest future direction for an integrated ethical framework.Research limitations/implicationsThese are preliminary findings, based on literature, which will underpin the PhD started in July 2007. The application of the model is explored but has not yet been tested in practice.Practical implicationsIf practitioners internalise particular versions of public relations and adopt ethical assumptions connected with each model, competing views of PR ethics will undermine an integrative approach. The adapted model proposed in this paper can be used either as a tool for analysing communication ethics or as a practical guide to professional behaviour.Originality/valueOthers (L'Etang, Piezska, Moloney, Weaver, Edgett) have covered some of these issues. This paper links ethical approaches with models of public relations and suggests the use of a communication model rarely referenced in PR literature.
Officers at work in a multicultural police force
Authors: Heijes Coen 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this exploratory paper is to examine cross‐cultural perception and cooperation between black, Curaçaoan and white Dutch police officers in The Netherlands. It also compares the findings with similar research carried out in the Dutch Internal Revenue Service.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a multiple ethnographic case study using participant observation, interviews and literature review.FindingsThe paper finds a problematic cooperation between black Curaçaoans and white Dutch in the police. These are based neither on cultural differences nor on the traditional white, male organization type; instead, they are related to the specific, organizational culture in the police and the hierarchical position of both groups in the organization.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper shares the general limitations of case‐study research. However, the findings allow one to draw conclusions beyond this limited population and challenge researchers to engage in further study on cross‐cultural cooperation in relation to organizational culture and to more general theories on in‐group versus out‐group behaviour. This line of research could focus on different ethnic groups, as well as other countries and organizations, and introduce longitudinal studies.Practical implicationsThe paper shows that the depth of the troublesome cross‐cultural cooperation and the role of organizational culture can help police managers and administrators in decisions involving research, training, management and evaluation.Originality/valueThe paper sees that, with most research in this area based on studies in the USA and UK and limited to the police force as such, this paper fills a gap in examining cross‐cultural perception and cooperation in The Netherlands, including a comparative analysis with a similar government organization. The work also adds to the growing body of qualitative research and gives voice to officers at work in a multicultural police force.
The criminal justice degree and policing: conceptual development or occupational primer?
Authors: Carlan Philip E. 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the value that police officers with criminal justice degrees place on their personal educational experiences, while also comparing those perceptions with officers educated in other academic disciplines. Its focus also rests on the degree's contribution to conceptual and managerial skills, as opposed to mere occupational expertise. Disagreement between the academic and law enforcement communities concerning the value of criminal justice education creates an imbalance eroding potential benefits. Recent studies highlight this division as even pre‐service majors regard the degree as unrelated to most policing functions.Design/methodology/approachPolice departments with 50 or more sworn officers from across the State of Alabama (United States) were the data collection sites (n=21). In total, 16 departments participated and 1,114 officers (57 percent) responded to a mail survey (2002).FindingsThe paper finds that officers with criminal justice degrees (n=299) reported that the degree substantially improved their knowledge and abilities on a wide range of areas from the criminal justice system to conceptual and managerial skills. Responses did not differ significantly from officers educated in non‐criminal justice academic disciplines.Practical implicationsThe paper demonstrates that college‐educated police officers regard the criminal justice degree as more than mere occupational training.Originality/valueThe paper equips police managers with tangible findings that police officers with criminal justice college degrees value its mental and conceptual contributions.
Citizen oversight, procedural justice, and officer perceptions of the complaint investigation process
Authors: De Angelis Joseph , Kupchik Aaron 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine data from a survey of police officers in a Western US city, showing the factors that shape police officers' satisfaction with their city's system for investigating and resolving citizen complaints alleging officer misconduct. Specifically, it tests whether perceptions of legitimate authority and procedural justice influence overall satisfaction, and how these two theoretical perspectives fare relative to a distributive justice perspective.Design/methodology/approachThis paper uses anonymous mailed surveys to examine the attitudes of a sample of 373 police officer respondents from one large urban police department.FindingsThe findings support the importance of both procedural justice and perceived legitimacy by finding that both perspectives shape officers' satisfaction more than the actual outcomes reached on their cases. Attitudes toward oversight were not found to be related to satisfaction with the complaint process.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focuses on only one city and has a relatively small number of respondents.Originality/valueIn this paper the analyses expand these theoretical perspectives by applying them to a unique and important group, the police themselves, whose attitude toward citizen complaints and police accountability has been largely neglected by the prior research.
Measuring and diagnosing innovation excellence – simple contra advanced approaches: a Danish study
Authors: Martensen Anne , Dahlgaard Jens J. , Mi Park‐Dahlgaard Su , Grønholdt Lars 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine two approaches to measure and diagnose innovation excellence.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a conceptual model for innovation excellence and a measurement system is developed. A Danish survey forms the empirical basis for the study, where a simple approach (by using stated importance of different innovation activities) and an advanced approach (by using derived importance based on structural equation modelling and PLS estimation) are demonstrated, discussed and compared.FindingsThe findings in this paper indicate good support for the developed model. When comparing the two approaches for identifying and prioritising improvements, both equalities and differences are found and discussed.Research limitations/implicationsThis study in this paper is limited to one Danish manufacturing company, which is considered to be one of the most innovative and excellent companies in Denmark. However, it is desirable to apply the model in other companies and industries.Practical implicationsThis paper offers a model to understand and measure innovation results and its enablers, and the application of the model will give companies a better chance of attaining innovative excellence.Originality/valueThe paper provides a novel model for innovation excellence, which is based on a solid theoretical foundation, has been proven in practice, and can be an effective framework for identifying and prioritising improvements within innovation.
Mobile customer relationship management: underlying issues and challenges
Authors: Sinisalo Jaakko , Salo Jari , Karjaluoto Heikki , Leppäniemi Matti 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe purpose of this study is twofold. First, in order to guarantee a coherent discussion about mobile customer relationship management (mCRM), this paper presents a conceptualization of mCRM delineating its unique characteristics. Second, the authors develop the empirically grounded framework of the underlying issues in the initiation of mCRM.Design/methodology/approachA single‐case‐study method is used for the empirical component of the study in order to gain a holistic view of the case and access to latent and confidential information of the company under scrutiny. Semi‐structured interviews of the key informants of the company form the main data source through which the issues are identified and the proposed framework is built.FindingsThe proposed framework identifies issues that can be divided into three categories (exogenous, endogenous and mCRM‐specific) the company has to take into account when moving towards mCRM.Research limitations/implicationsSince, this is a single‐case study the findings cannot be generalized and used in other contexts without reservation.Practical implicationsWhen planning to initiate mCRM, the illustrated framework includes all the vital issues that should be considered and serves as a preliminary guideline from which to approach mobile CRM.Originality/valueThis paper shed light on the emerging phenomenon known as mCRM.
Mobile technology in field customer service
Authors: Rossi Matti , Kristiina Tuunainen Virpi , Pesonen Marju 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to look at the development of a mobile information system for a tobacco wholesaler in the Baltic region, focusing on understanding the issues involved in deploying a new system into a traditionally operating work force in a transition economy.Design/methodology/approachTo overcome the problems in billing cycle in the case company, an action research approach was used to develop a new process for sales documentation and employed advanced mobile technologies in the process. The research approach followed an action research cycle of diagnosis, action planning, action taking, evaluation, and specifying learning.FindingsThe findings highlight the importance of the change in the mind‐sets of the employees when using a new technology, and the obstacles of the use of advanced mobile technologies. They also stress the problems encountered while considering more or less experimental technologies for day‐to‐day operations of a business. The key finding is that new technology is much easier to take into use, when it is accompanied with a small but visible enhancement in both the work routines of individuals and the operations of the organization.Practical implicationsThe Amer case highlights the importance of considering technological implications of mobile technology already in planning stage of the new solution. Furthermore, there are special features related to mobility including, for instance, usability of advanced mobile technology, reliability, transmission mode, level of auxiliary devices and user adaptability.Originality/valueThis paper describes a unique case of business use of mobile technology in connection to re‐engineering field sales processes, and can be of use both to practitioners as well as researchers and students in the field.
The link between hospital quality and services profitability
Authors: Hegji Charles E. , Self Donald R. , Findley Carolyn Sara (Casey) 
Published: November 2007

PurposeThe paper aims to study the relationship between hospital quality and hospital profits for a sample of 88 Alabama hospitals.Design/methodology/approachQuality is measured by three groups of procedures performed on newly admitted patients as suggested by the health quality alliance (HQA). Profit is measured for eight hospital services. Regression analyses tested the underlying relationships.FindingsQuality of care for newly admitted cardiac and pneumonia patients are indicators of quality translatable into profits. Given a choice between the two, the pneumonia procedures were more effective in predicting profits.Originality/valueAs one of the early extensions of the HQA methodology, this paper does demonstrate linkages between quality and profits. Total number of employees was not significant, but governmental versus non‐governmental hospital analyses provide promise for future research.
E‐healthcare: an analysis of key themes in research
Authors: Mukherjee Avinandan , McGinnis John 
Published: November 2007

PurposeHealthcare is among the fastest‐growing sectors in both developed and emerging economies. E‐healthcare is contributing to the explosive growth within this industry by utilizing the internet and all its capabilities to support its stakeholders with information searches and communication processes. The purpose of this paper is to present the state‐of‐the‐art and to identify key themes in research on e‐healthcare.Design/methodology/approachA review of the literature in the marketing and management of e‐healthcare was conducted to determine the major themes pertinent to e‐healthcare research as well as the commonalities and differences within these themes.FindingsBased on the literature review, the five major themes of e‐healthcare research identified are: cost savings; virtual networking; electronic medical records; source credibility and privacy concerns; and physician‐patient relationships.Originality/valueBased on these major themes, managerial implications for e‐healthcare are formulated. Suggestions are offered to facilitate healthcare service organizations' attempts to further implement and properly utilize e‐healthcare in their facilities. These propositions will also help these stakeholders develop and streamline their e‐healthcare processes already in use. E‐healthcare systems enable firms to improve efficiency, to reduce costs, and to facilitate the coordination of care across multiple facilities.
Distortion of flavin geometry is linked to ligand binding in cholesterol oxidase
Authors: Lyubimov Artem Y. , Heard Kathryn , Tang Hui , Sampson Nicole S. , Vrielink Alice 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo high‐resolution structures of a double mutant of bacterial cholesterol oxidase in the presence or absence of a ligand, glycerol, are presented, showing the trajectory of glycerol as it binds in a Michaelis complex‐like position in the active site. A group of three aromatic residues forces the oxidized isoalloxazine moiety to bend along the N5‐N10 axis as a response to the binding of glycerol in the active site. Movement of these aromatic residues is only observed in the glycerol‐bound structure, indicating that some tuning of the FAD redox potential is caused by the formation of the Michaelis complex during regular catalysis. This structural study suggests a possible mechanism of substrate‐assisted flavin activation, improves our understanding of the interplay between the enzyme, its flavin cofactor and its substrate, and is of use to the future design of effective cholesterol oxidase inhibitors.
Designing Electrical Power Systems for Survivability and Quality of Service
Authors: DOERRY NORBERT 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe primary aim of the design of a shipboard electric power system has traditionally been survivability and continuity of the electrical power supply. Survivability relates to the ability of the power system, when damaged by a threat, to support the ship's ability to continue its missions. Power continuity relates to the ability of the power system to reliably provide power to ship systems under normal operations. This paper proposes new metrics for survivability and continuity of service that enable a better definition of power system requirements linked to the operational needs of the ship. For survivability, the threats for which a ship is designed are its design threats, and the required residual capability following damage from a design threat is the design threat outcome. Quality of service serves as a metric of the continuity of the electrical power supply under normal operation. Quality of service is measured in terms of a mean time between service interruption. A service interruption is defined as any interruption in the supply or deviations outside normal bounds of power quality that prevent a load from performing its assigned function.
High‐Speed Generators for Power‐Dense, Medium‐Power, Gas Turbine Generator Sets
Authors: CALFO RAY M. , SMITH MATT B. , TESSARO JOHN E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractConcepts to improve turbine generator (TG) set power density (PD) are identified, developed, and evaluated. The evaluation focuses on the TG set as a part of overall system optimization, with weight and volume penalties for special auxiliaries. PD is given priority, while other attributes such as efficiency, acoustics, and total system cost are also assessed. The strengths and weaknesses of each concept are assessed based on technical viability, potential for PD improvement, and risk. Sixty‐one generator concepts over four generator types—air‐cooled wound field, water‐cooled wound field, permanent magnet (PM), and high‐temperature superconducting (HTS)—are evaluated with three ship‐level electrical distribution architectures—high‐frequency AC and active‐ and passive‐rectified DC. A prime mover of 14 MW at 7,000 r.p.m. is assumed. The study assesses generator size enabled by directly coupling the generator to the prime mover, eliminating the typical gear required in TG sets with engine speeds greater than 3,600 r.p.m. Technology approaches are described and trends in the design data are identified. Advanced PM and superconducting rotor technologies are evaluated. For the power, speed, and system requirements studied, these technologies do not differ significantly from water‐cooled designs in size and weight. A water‐cooled generator would be compatible with a range of future power distribution systems such as high‐frequency AC, rectified DC, or 60 Hz AC (using a rectifier and an inverter).
Hybrid Electric Drive for DDG‐51 Class Destroyers
Authors: McCOY TIMOTHY , ZGLICZYNSKI JIM , JOHANSON NILES W. , PUHN FREDERICK A. , MARTIN THOMAS W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe first of the Arleigh Burke class destroyers is nearing its mid‐life. This class of ships was designed during the late 1970s through the 1980s to meet the threats that were prevalent at that time. Since entering service in 1991, these ships have shown themselves to be extremely versatile and the class now consists of nearly 60 ships in service. Their combat systems have been continually upgraded and adapted to meet the new threats the United States faces today. However, in order to keep these platforms viable throughout the first half of the 21st century, their operating costs must be reduced. Manpower, maintenance, and fuel are three of the top operating cost drivers. Most surface combatants spend very little of their underway time operating at full speed or even close to that. Over 1/3 of their underway time is spent at 12 knots and under. This is less than half of their maximum speed and only a fraction of the maximum power owing to the cubic speed–power relationship. Although the existing mechanical drive system is reasonably efficient, the main gas turbines are extremely inefficient at these very low power levels. A shaft‐mounted auxiliary electric propulsion system (EPS) can take advantage of excess capacity in the ship service generators to reduce the main engine operating hours. Enabling bi‐directional power flow from this auxiliary electric drive will provide additional generation capacity for ship service loads at a modest additional cost. It also provides a “cross‐connect” capability from one shaft to the other. This paper will explore one prospect for reducing the operating cost of the DDG‐51 class of ships by installing an auxiliary EPS that would powered by the ship service electrical plant. This additional system would serve to reduce both underway fuel usage as well as maintenance on the gas turbine main engines by reducing the number of operating hours on each engine. We will examine the technology trade‐offs in this ongoing study.
Phylogeny of bird‐grasshopper subfamily Cyrtacanthacridinae (Orthoptera: Acrididae) and the evolution of locust phase polyphenism
Authors: Song Hojun , Wenzel John W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLocust phase polyphenism is an extreme form of density‐dependent phenotypic plasticity in which solitary and cryptic grasshoppers can transform into gregarious and conspicuous locusts in response to an increase in local population density. We investigated the evolution of this complex phenotypic plasticity in a phylogenetic framework using a morphological phylogeny of Cyrtacanthacridinae, which contains some of the most important locust species, and a comprehensive literature review on the biology and ecology of all known members of the subfamily. A phylogenetic analysis based on 71 morphological characters yielded a well‐resolved tree and found that locust phase polyphenism evolved multiple times within the subfamily. The literature review demonstrated that many cyrtacanthacridine species, both locust and sedentary, are capable of expressing density‐dependent color plasticity. When this color plasticity was divided into two smaller components, background coloration and development of black pigmentation, and when these plastic traits were optimized on to the phylogeny, we found that the physiological mechanisms underlying this plasticity were plesiomorphic for the subfamily. We also found that different locust species in Cyrtacanthacridinae express both similarities and differences in their locust phase polyphenism. Because locust phase polyphenism is a complex syndrome consisting of numerous plastic traits, we treat it as a composite character and dissected it into smaller components. The similarities among locust species could be attributed to shared ancestry and the differences could be attributed to the certain components of locust phase polyphenism evolving at different rates.© The Willi Hennig Society 2007.