bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Highly Active Aluminas far Isomerization of 1-Butene and Hydrogen Exchanges between Ethylene or Cyclopropane and Deuterium
Authors: Utiyama Masahiro , Hattori Hideshi , Tanabe Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Among eleven kinds of aluminas, alumina V prepared from aluminium sulfate with urea exhibited a pronounced activity for the isomerization of 1-butene, while alumina III or II prepared from aluminium nitrate with ammonia or urea showed the highest activities for the exchange reactions between ethylene or cyclopropane and deuterium, respectively.
Ozonization of Organic Compounds. V. Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Saito Tsuneo , Niki Etsuo , Kamiya Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ozonization of several aromatic compounds has been carried out at 30 °C in carbon tetrachloride. It was found that three processes proceeded simultaneously; that is, normal and anomalous ozonolyses to give respectively α,β-dicarbonyl and carboxylic compounds and polymerization. Carboxylic acids were the major products. Benzene and hexamethylbenzene gave formic acid and acetic acid respectively, while toluene and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene gave mixtures of these acids. As the ozonization proceeded, white gummy polymers precipitated, the molecular weight ranged from several hundreds to a few thousands. They contained high concentrations of oxygen which was incorporated into polymer as carbonyl, carboxylic acid, peroxide and/or ether. The polymers were thermally stable below 150 °C.
A Convenient Synthesis of Azuleno[2,1-b]thiophene
Authors: Yamane Kameji , Fujimori Kunihide , Takeuchi Toru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Azuleno [2,1-b]thiophene and its derivatives were prepared from ethyl 2-chloro-3-formylazulene-1-carboxylate and ethyl mercaptoacetate in a few steps.
Properties of Poly electrolyte Complexes Consisting of [2-(Diethylamino)ethyl]dextran Hydrochloride, Carboxymethyldextran, and Sodium Dextran Sulfate for Clot Formation in Vitro
Authors: Kikuchi Yasuo , Shimizu Koji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) prepared at higher hydrogen ion concentration enhanced the coagulation of blood, whereas PEC prepared at lower hydrogen ion concentration prevented coagulation of blood. This difference sholud be attributed to the difference in the molecular structures of the PEC prepared.
Stabilization of Normal Methyl Radicals after γ-Radiolysis at 300 K
Authors: Oduwole Duro A , Wiseall Barrie 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Radiolytically produced normal methyl radicals are stabilized on solid surfaces at room temperature for the first time. The remarkable stability of this species on basic and neutral alumina surfaces at 300 K and in the presence of oxygen makes this system potentially useful as an intermediate in organic synthesis.
Reaction between Aluminium Trichloride and Steam in the Vapor Phase and Properties of the Aluminium Oxide Formed
Authors: Shoji Yuichi , Matsuzaki Ryoko , Saeki Yuzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction between gaseous AlCl3 and steam, and the products formed were examined by X-ray analysis, TG, DTA, and electron microscopy. The thermal transitions of the Al2O3 formed under various conditions were also examined. The reaction between gaseous AlCl3 and steam occurs even at 150 °C and proceeds rapidly above about 400 °C. The product is amorphous Al2O3 below 600 °C, amorphous Al2O3 containing poorly crystallized γ-Al2O3 at 800 °C, γ-Al2O3 containing amorphous Al2O3 at 900 °C, and γ-Al2O3 at 1000 °C. Also, it was observed that the Al2O3 formed below 900 °C included a chloride oxide of aluminium, which decomposed in the vicinity of 830 °C to form γ-Al2O3 with the evolution of gaseous AlCl3. On heating the amorphous Al2O3 formed by the reaction between gaseous AlCl3 and steam, the transition: amorphous \xrightarrowca.700°C χ \xrightarrowca.800°C κ \xrightarrowca.1000°C α occurs; and on heating the γ-Al2O3 formed by the same reaction, the transition: γ \xrightarrowca.900°C δ \xrightarrowca.1000°C θ \xrightarrowca.700°C α occurs.
Dealkylation Reaction of Acetals, Phosphonate, and Phosphate Esters with Chlorotrimethylsilane/Metal Halide Reagent in Acetonitrile, and Its Application to the Synthesis of Phosphonic Acids and Vinyl Phosphates
Authors: Morita Tsuyoshi , Okamoto Yoshiki , Sakurai Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A mild and efficient method has been developed for carbon-oxygen bond cleavage using chlorotrimethylsilane/sodium iodide in acetonitrile. It was applied to synthetic transformation under nonaqueous and neutral conditions, such as acetal deprotection and the synthesis of phosphonic acids from the corresponding dialkyl phosphonates via methanolysis of their silyl esters. Effectiveness of various kinds of metal or ammonium iodides for this type of dealkylation was examined in the acetonitrile solution by 1H NMR. Satisfactory results were also obtained with lithium or potassium iodide in place of sodium iodide. However, copper(I) or quarternary ammonium iodide was ineffective. Chlorotrimethylsilane/lithium bromide in acetonitrile is effective for selective dealkylation of multifunctional phosphonic esters or dialkyl vinyl phosphates.
Reaction of Organic Sulfur Compounds with Hyperoxide Anion (O2\ewdot). IV. Evidence for Formation of Peroxysulfur Intermediates: Oxidation of Sulfoxides, Phosphines, and Olefins with Intermediary Peroxysulfur Species
Authors: Oae Shigeru , Takata Toshikazu , Kim Yong Hae 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Formations of peroxy-sulfenate(I), -sulfinate(II), and -sulfonate(III) as intermediates have been confirmed by stripping the peroxy oxygen with three kinds of trapping agents such as sulfoxides, phosphines, and olefins, added in the reaction systems of various organic sulfur compounds with hyperoxide anion (O2\ewdot). These sulfoxides, phosphines, and olefins were inert to O2\ewdot alone while electrophilic olefins, such as α,β-unsaturated ketones reacted readily with O2\ewdot to afford the carboxylic acid. Sulfoxides, added into the reaction system of disulfide, thiosulfinic S-ester, thiosulfonic S-ester, or sulfonyl chloride with O2\ewdot, were found to be oxidized to the sulfones with peroxysulfur intermediates formed in situ in the system. Phosphines, added into the reaction system of disuflide or sodium thiolate with O2\ewdot were also oxidized to the phosphine oxides. Not only stilbene and acenaphthylene but also chalcone and its derivatives, placed in the reactions of sulfonyl chloride, sulfinyl chloride and thiosulfonic S-ester with O2\ewdot were found to be oxidized to the corresponding epoxides. These observations suggest clearly that the intermediary peroxysulfur compounds can act as oxidizing agents which oxidize these trapping agents by the nucleophilic oxygenative oxidation. Similar intermediates were postulated and confirmed in the alkaline autoxidations of thiol and disulfide in which added phosphines and sulfoxides were also found to be oxidized to their oxides. The mechanisms of the reactions of these trapping agents with peroxysulfur intermediates are discussed.
Synthesis of 7-Alkylidene-5-oxadispiro[2.0.4.4]dodecan-6-ones
Authors: Kakiuchi Kiyomi , Yonei Takehito , Tobe Yoshito , Odaira Yoshinobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
7-Alkylidene-5-oxadispiro[2.0.4.4]dodecan-6-ones, having a cyclopropane ring, were synthesized by the α-alkylidenation of easily available 5-oxadispiro[2.0.4.4]dodecan-6-one. Also, α-alkylidene-γ-butyrolactones, containing an additional hydroxyl group, were prepared. The screening of the biological activities of these γ-lactones gave the interesting results. For instance, α-isopropylidene-γ-lactone exhibited the antiarrhythmia activity in vivo.
A Photoelectrochemical Study of Polyacetylene, (CH)x
Authors: Yamase Toshihiro , Harada Hideo , Ikawa Tsuneo , Ikeda Sakuji , Shirakawa Hideki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoelectrochemical behavior of p-type semiconducting trans-(CH)x film in the presence of N,N′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium as the solution species is described. The spectral response of the photocurrent shows a mismatch with the absorption spectrum, and the quantum yield (≈10−3) of the charge flow is extremely low. It is assumed that (CH)x film has a high trap density and that the lifetime of the photogenerated hole is limited by trapping and recombination in the space-charge region.
The Measurement of the Distribution Equilibrium Constant of Metallic Mercury for Hg(aq)\ightleftharpoonsHg(gas)
Authors: Okouchi Shoichi , Sasaki Sokichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The gas-aqueous distribution equilibrium constant of mercury(0) was determined in the temperature range from 5 to 45 °C. The experiment was made by volatilizing metallic mercury dissolved in water to the gas phase, which was connected with the absorption cell in a cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer, and by measuring the absorbance under gas-aqueous distribution equilibrium conditions. The distribution equilibrium constant, [Hg]gas/[Hg]aq, was found, e.g., to be 0.40±0.02 at 25 °C. The effect of the concentration of NaCl on the distribution equilibrium constant was measured at 25 °C. The salting-out effect was found to be expressed by the Setschenow equation, and the salting-out coefficient was found to be 0.105.
Reaction of μ-Peroxo Complexes of Palladium with Alcohols, Amines, and Thiols
Authors: Sugimoto Ryuichi , Eikawa Hajime , Suzuki Hiroharu , Moro-oka Yoshihiko , Ikawa Tsuneo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Reactions of μ-peroxo complexes of palladium with alcohols, amines, and thiols proceed at room temperature to afford hydrogen peroxide and alkoxo-, amido-, and alkylthio-bridged complexes of palladium, respectively.
Cyclodehydrogenation of 3-Cinnamoyltropolones with 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone
Authors: Imafuku Kimiaki , Yamaguchi Kazuko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
3-Cinnamoyltropolone and 3-(3-methoxycinnamoyl)tropolone were oxidized with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone to give 2-phenyl- and 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)-4,9-dihydrocyclohepta[b]pyran-4,9-diones, while 2′-and/or 4′-methoxy-substituted 3-cinnamoyltropolones gave 2-arylmethylene-2H-3,8-dihydrocyclohepta[b]furan-3,8-diones.
Temperature Dependence of the Rate Constants of H and D-Atom Additions to C2H4, C2H3D, C2D4, C2H2, and C2D2
Authors: Sugawara Ko-ichi , Okazaki Kiyoshi , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The high pressure limiting rate constants of H and D-atom additions to C2H4, C2H3D, C2D4, C2H2, and C2D2 have been measured in the temperature range from 206 to 461 K by means of the pulse radiolysis-resonance absorption method. Practically no isotope effects due to the deuteration of ethylene and acetylene could be observed. The rate constants were compared with those calculated by the activated complex theory using the potential energy surfaces provided by the ab initio calculations. Concerning the isotope effects, very poor agreement was obtained between theory and experiment. This seems to suggest that the assumptions on which the activated complex theory is based have to be reconsidered when it is applied to such reactions as H+C2H4→C2H5 and H+C2H2→C2H3.
Spherical Particles and Their Surface Properties. III. Formation of Spherical Particles of Metal Oxides by O2–H2 Flame Fusion
Authors: Kittaka Shigeharu , Morimoto Tetsuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation mechanism of spherical particles of various metal oxides through O2–H2 flame fusion was investigated. Molten droplets of Al2O3 are solidified to form spherical particles having the structure of δ- and θ-Al2O3 in the surface layer and α-Al2O3 inside. Heat treatment of the spherical particles of Al2O3 at temperatures higher than 1573 K gave rise to the transition from δ- and θ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 and made the crystal growth, but no change in the smooth surface structure was observed, contrary to the case of TiO2 where facetting of the surface occurred on heating. In the cases of NiO and Cr2O3, particles bigger than 2–3 μm in diameter are spherical, but smaller ones are apt to form single crystals. With ZnO, SnO2, and MgO, no spherical particles were formed. It is suggested that amorphous or polymorphous substances easily form spherical particles but monomorphous ones do not. Substances, which can sublime or have higher melting point, do not give pherical particles but only single crystals.
Amination of Chloromethylated Polystyrene with Amino Alcohols
Authors: Kawabe Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amination of chloromethylated polystyrene (CMPS) and benzyl chloride (BC) with amino alcohols was investigated kinetically in dioxane, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The amination rate was related mainly to the branching structure and partly to the pK of amino alcohols; ΔG\eweq and ΔH\eweq increased in the following order: 2-aminobutanol&lt;1-amino-2-propanol&lt;2-amino-1-butanol&lt;2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol&lt;tris(hydroxymethyl)methanamine&lt;triethanolamine. The rate was also related to the polarity of the solvent; ΔG\eweq and ΔH\eweq decreased in the following order: dioxane&gt;DMF&gt;DMSO. The difference in the amination rate between CMPS and BC is also discussed in terms of the activation parameters. The amination rate of the polymer partly containing quaternary ammonium groups (QCMPS) in DMSO was found to be greater than that of CMPS probably owing to the ion-dipole interaction.
Effect of Pressure on Charge-transfer Spectra and Equilibria in Solutions of Tetracyanoethylene and Styrene Derivatives
Authors: Uosaki Yasuhiro , Nakahara Masaru , Sasaki Muneo , Osugi Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Charge-transfer spectra of trans-stilbene–, cis-stilbene–, 1,1-diphenylethylene–, and α-methylstyrene–TCNE mixtures in chloroform and in 1,2-dichloroethane have been measured at high pressures at 25 °C. The spectra shifted to a lower energy (red shift) with increasing pressure, the two bands in each complex shifting almost in parallel to each other. The shifts are qualitatively interpreted by McRae’s theory. The spectral changes in intensity with pressure was analyzed taking account of reversible formation of the EDA complex and 1,4-cycloadduct; only the complex was formed in the stilbene systems. Volume changes for the complex formation are in the range of −4 to −7 cm3 mol−1 and those for the cycloaddtion are in the range of −23 to −30 cm3 mol−1. The latter slightly increase in magnitude when solvent is changed from chloroform to a more polar solvent, 1,2-dichloroethane.
Tetrahedral Transition Metal Complexes of [MW12O40]-type (M=CuII, FeIII, CoII) with Dodecatungstate as Tetrahedral Ligand
Authors: Nomiya Kenji , Miwa Makoto , Kobayashi Ryoichi , Aiso Masahiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Tetrabutylammonium salts of 12-heteropolytungstates with central transition metal ions in a tetrahedral oxygen environment, MW12O40 (M=CuII, FeIII, CoII), have been prepared and their spectroscopic data (infrared (IR), near-infrared, UV-vis, and magnetic circular dichroism (MCD)) presented.
Synthesis of o-(2-Indolyl)benzoic Acids from Indole
Authors: Itahara Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of 6H-isoindolo[2,1-a]indol-6-ones with potassium t-butoxide/t-butyl alcohol containing a small amount of water at 82°C afforded o-(2-indolyl)benzoic acids in good yields.
A Synthesis of Human Proinsulin C-Peptide
Authors: Igano Ken’ichi , Minotani Yuriko , Yoshida Nobuo , Kono Masao , Inouye Ken 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A peptide corresponding to the thirty-one amino acid sequence of human proinsulin C-peptide (positions 33–63 of proinsulin) was synthesized by the solid-phase method. The product was purified consecutively by gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The purified material behaved as a single component in reversed-phase HPLC, gave correct amino acid ratios, and was not distinguished from natural human C-peptide in terms of immunoreactivity and chromatographic behaviors. The α→β transpeptidation at the Asp-Leu sequence, possible to occur associated with the HF cleavage, was studied using model peptides to demonstrate that the formation of β-peptide was 3–4% regardless of whether the β-carboxylic acid is free or protected as a benzyl ester.
Adsorption Behavior of N-Containing Heterocycles at a Mercury/Water Interface
Authors: Ikeda Osamu , Goto Fumio , Tamura Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Adsorption behavior of 1-methylimidazole and 1-methylbenzimidazole at a mercury/water interface were investigated by electrocapillary measurement. These heterocycles showed a horizontal orientation at lower surface excesses, but at higher surface excesses a vertical one complicated by the presence of the horizontal one. In positive surface charge density, 1-methylbenzimidazole showed an anomalous behavior in which the potential drops across the inner layer, Δ2Mφ does not change with adsorption through the displacement of the water molecules on the electrode. The analysis of the electrosorption valency indicated the absence of a partial charge transfer between the electrode and the adsorbate. This anomalous behavior was interpreted by the compensation effect between the polarization of the water molecules due to the permanent dipoles and that of the 1-methylbenzimidazole molecules due to the dipoles induced in the electric field.
The Electronic Spectra of Psoralens in Their Ground and Triplet Excited States
Authors: Song Pill-Soon , Shim Sang Chul , Mantulin William W 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The first absorption band in psoralens arises from the coumarin moiety, and its location, intensity and polarization are strongly dependent on 5- and 8-substitution. The first two absorption bands in psoralen, angelicin, and methylpsoralens are polarized nearly parallel (angle between them Δθ≤20°), while methoxypsoralens display wider polarization angles.
Mössbauer Study of Solid State Photolysis of Alkali Tris(oxalato)ferrates(III)
Authors: Brar Ajaib Singh , Randhawa Balwinder Singh 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solid state photolysis of alkali tris(oxalato)ferrates(III) (Li, Na, K, Cs, and NH4) was studied with mercury radiation in the visible region by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. The intermediate K6[Fe211(ox)5] is formed in the case of potassium tris(oxalato)ferrate (III) and FeC2O4·2H2O in the case of other alkali tris(oxalato)ferrates(III) [Li, Na, Cs, and NH4].
Studies in the Molten State, Viscosities of trans-Stilbene, N-Benzylideneaniline, and N-Benzylidene-p-toluidine Melts Near Their Melting Temperatures
Authors: Kwatra Bimla , Ramakrishna Venketachari , Suri Sushil Krishan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The viscosities and densities of trans-stilbene, N-benzylideneaniline (BA) and N-benzylidene-p-toluidene (BT) melts at various temperatures near their respective melting temperatures have been determined. In all the cases, a precursor behaviour in crystal phase at temperatures below the melting temperature has been observed. The viscosity vs. temperature relationships have been discussed in two parts: one in the liquid state and the other in the supercooled region. The values of energy and entropy of viscous flow are indicative of molecular association in BA and BT. The enhanced viscosity in the supercooled region has been attributed to the cluster formation. The hinderance to molecular rotation, as a factor influencing viscosity can not be ruled out.
Flavonoids of Polygonum sieboldi and P. filiforme
Authors: Isobe Takahiko , Kanazawa Keiji , Fujimura Makoto , Noda Yukinao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Five flavonoids containing a new flavonol glycoside were isolated from Polygonum sieboldi and P. filiforme. The structure of the new compound was determined as quercetin 3-rhamnoside 2″-gallate by chemical and spectroscopic data.
Nature of Acid Sites on TiO2, and Their Reactions with OH and NH2 Groups of 3-Amino-1-propanol, 1-Propanol, and 1-Propylamine
Authors: Kantoh Toshinori , Okazaki Susumu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The IR spectra for pyridine adsorbed on the surfaces of TiO2 (SA) (anatase type), prepared from titanium tetraisopropoxide, showed the existence of only Lewis acid sites which were not converted to the Br\ddotonsted type by the addition of water. However, TiO2 (SB) (anatase type), prepared by the hydrolysis of titanium oxide sulfate, showed both Lewis and Br\ddotonsted acidities. The Lewis acidity of SB was converted to the Br\ddotonsted type by the introduction of water vapor. The 3-amino-1-propanol compound interacted with both Lewis and Br\ddotonsted acid sites on the TiO2 surfaces in a manner similar to propylamine rather than to 1-propanol. However, in the case of SA, interactions between OH groups of the amino alcohol and surface OH groups seemed to take place to some extent. The mode of the surface reaction of TiO2 differes markedly from that of SiO2 which has no surface acidity. A linear relationship between the amount of surface OH groups on SB and the amount of the reaction of 3-amino-1-propanol at 235 °C in an autoclave was observed. The formation of oriented and closely packed layers of adsorbed molecules was observed for all the combination of SB and 3-amino-1-propanol, in which some condensation (mainly dimerization) seemed to be promoted by acid sites on SB.
The Crystal Structure of N-Methylviologenium 2-Dicyanomethylene-1,1,3,3-tetracyanopropanediide, [(CH3·NC5H4·C5H4N·CH3)2+·(C10N6)2−]
Authors: Nakamura Kenichi , Kai Yasushi , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
[(CH3·NC5H4·C5H4N·CH3)2+·(C10N6)2−] crystallizes in the space group of P21⁄c, with four formula units. The unit-cell dimensions are; a=14.625(2), b=8.361(2), c=17.332(3) Å, and β=107.51(2)°. The crystal structure was established by means of the symbolic addition method. For 2767 non-zero reflections, R is 0.074. In the crystal, divalent cations and divalent anions are stacked alternately to form infinite columns which are parallel to the b axis. Short atomic contacts are mostly involved between nitrogen atoms of the anion and carbon atoms of the cation. The (C10N6)2− anion takes a three-bladed propeller shape; however, it has no symmetry, unlike those in hexahydrated calcium and quinolinium salts. In the [(CH3·NC5H4·C5H4N·CH3)2+] cation, two pyridine rings are twisted about the central C–C bond; the dihedral angle between the planes of two rings is 19.6(2)°.
Vibrational Spectra and Normal Coordinate Calculations for Trimethylgermane
Authors: Imai Yoshika , Aida Koyo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Vibrational spectra of (CH3)3GeH, (CH3)3GeD, (CD3)3GeH, and (CD3)3GeD were obtained. Assignments for all the fundamentals except internal torsions were made by assuming the C3V molecular symmetry. Normal coordinate calculations were carried out to confirm the assignments.
High-performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Organic Substances by Metal Chelate Derivatization. I. Dithiocarbamate Chelates of Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Moriyasu Masataka , Hashimoto Yohei , Endo Masaru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The use of the conversion of aliphatic primary and secondary amines into metal dithiocarbamate chelates was examined for high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of these amines. Characteristic chromatogram patterns based on the difference in the rate of ligand exchange were obtained for different central metal ions. When Hg(II) chelates were tested, trace determination of individual secondary amines was possible because only the peaks of binary complexes corresponding to each amine appeared on chromatograms. When Ni(II) and Pd(II) chelates were tested, peaks to ternary complexes as well as those of binary complexes appeared on chromatograms. This phenomenon was applied to the determination of optical purity of optically active amines. A description is given of applications to microdetermination of antiasthmatic ephedrine isomers, to determination of their optical purity in Chinese crude drugs, and to their preparation.