bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Residual strains in the arterial wall: A 3D finite element model
Authors: He Fan , Li Xiao‐Yang 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe objective of the study is to set up a three‐dimensional (3D) finite element model to study the effects of residual strains on the circumferential stresses and strains in the arterial wall. The 3D model will make numerical calculations of interaction between blood and the vessel wall with residual strains easier in the future. The arterial wall was assumed to be isotropic and linear elastic, and then residual strains were applied in three steps while the physiological point was set to 100 mmHg. The measurements of the circumferential stress and strain distributions were performed under six different blood pressures, namely 80, 100, 120, 150, 180 and 200 mmHg. The circumferential stress levels changed from 50–150 kPa to −11–80 kPa, but the circumferential strain levels remained 0.05–0.15 in the 80–200 mmHg pressure range. The opening angle of the arterial ring was 7°. Residual strains make the circumferential stress and strain distributions in the arterial wall more uniform across the wall thickness. The proposed 3D finite element model gives valid results. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mixed crystal of bis(μ2‐N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato‐S,S,S′)‐bis(N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato‐S,S′)‐di‐zinc(II) and bis(μ2‐N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiopercarbamato‐S,O,O′)‐bis(N,N‐di‐n‐butyldithiocarbamato‐S,S′)‐di‐zinc(II)
Authors: Emmerling F. , Becker R. , Reck G. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe title compounds Zn2[S2CN(n‐C4H9)2]4 1 and Zn2[(S(SO)CN(n‐C4H9)2)(S2CN(n‐C4H9)2)]2 3 build mixed crystals in the ratio 0.42: 0.58. Each compound forms dimers, in which the monomer moieties are related via a two‐fold axis, coinciding with that of the monoclinic space group C2/c. The lattice parameters are a = 23.581(9), b = 17.112(5), c = 16.372(9) Å, and β = 128.33(3)°. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Synthesis of zinc oxide crystals with different shapes from zincate aqueous solutions stabilized with triethanolamine
Authors: Ban Takayuki , Sakai Tomoyuki , Ohya Yutaka 
Published: August 2007

AbstractZnO crystals were synthesized from basic aqueous solutions including zincate ions stabilized with triethanolamine (N(C2H4OH)3, teaH3) by heating at 60°C. The influence of the basicity of the solutions on the morphology of the ZnO crystals was examined. The aqueous solutions were prepared using ZnSO4·7H2O, N(CH3)4OH (TMAOH), and teaH3 as a zinc source, a base, and a stabilizer, respectively, at a zinc concentration of 0.2 M at a teaH3 / Zn molar ratio of 4. Clear solutions were obtained at a molar ratio of TMAOH / Zn ≥ 3.0. When the clear solutions, in which glass or polyester substrates were placed, were heated at 60°C, agglomerates of ZnO crystals were deposited on the substrates in the TMAOH / Zn range from 3.0 to 3.6. With increasing the TMAOH / Zn ratio, the shape of the resulting ZnO crystals changed from a short asymmetric column with a hexagonal flat edge and a rounded one, through a rocket‐like shape formed by intergrowth, to a hexagonal rod. Although no films of ZnO were formed, ZnO crystals with different shapes were synthesized. When the glass substrates pre‐coated with a ZnO thin film by a sol‐gel method were used, highly oriented, dense ZnO films were formed. The films consisted of rod‐like crystals aligned normal to the substrate surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Benzene‐di‐N‐substituted carbamates as conformationally constrained analogs of Pseudomonas lipase substrates
Authors: Lin Ming‐Cheng , Hwang Mei‐Ting , Chang Han‐Ging , Lin Chung‐Sheng , Lin Gialih 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBenzene‐1,2‐, ‐1,3‐, and ‐1,4‐di‐N‐substituted carbamates (1–15) are synthesized as the constrained analogs of gauche, eclipsed, and anti conformations of diesters of ethylene glycol, respectively. Carbamates 1–15 are characterized as the pseudo‐substrate inhibitors of Pseudomonas species lipase. Long‐chain carbamates are more potent inhibitors than short‐chain ones. Different geometries of benzene‐di‐substituted carbamates, such as benzene‐1,2‐di‐N‐octylcarbamate (3) (ortho compound), benzene‐1,3‐di‐N‐octylcarbamate (8) (meta compound), and benzene‐1,4‐di‐N‐octylcarbamate (13) (para compound), show similar inhibitory potencies for the enzyme. In other words, kinetic data suggest that the enzyme does not discriminate ortho, meta, and para geometries of these constrained analogs.
High‐sensitivity detection of biological amines using fast Hadamard transform CE coupled with photolytic optical gating
Authors: Braun Kevin L. , Hapuarachchi Suminda , Fernandez Facundo M. , Aspinwall Craig A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractHere, we report the first utilization of Hadamard transform CE (HTCE), a high‐sensitivity, multiplexed CE technique, with photolytic optical gating sample injection of caged fluorescent labels for the detection of biologically important amines. Previous implementations of HTCE have relied upon photobleaching optical gating sample injection of fluorescent dyes. Photolysis of caged fluorescent labels reduces the fluorescence background, providing marked enhancements in sensitivity compared to photobleaching. Application of fast Hadamard transform CE (fHTCE) for fluorescein‐based dyes yields a ten‐fold higher sensitivity for photolytic injections compared to photobleaching injections, due primarily to the reduced fluorescent background provided by caged fluorescent dyes. Detection limits as low as 5 pM (ca. 18 molecules per injection event) were obtained with on‐column LIF detection using fHTCE in less than 25 s, with the capacity for continuous, online separations. Detection limits for glutamate and aspartate below 150 pM (1–2 amol/injection event) were obtained using photolytic sample injection, with separation efficiencies exceeding 1×106 plates/m and total multiplexed separation times as low as 8 s. These results strongly support the feasibility of this approach for high‐sensitivity dynamic chemical monitoring applications.
Dating currency crises with ad hoc and extreme value‐based thresholds: East Asia 1970–2002 [Dating currency crises]
Authors: Lestano  , Jacobs Jan P. A. M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractGenerally a currency crisis is defined to occur if an index of currency pressure exceeds a threshold. This paper compares currency crisis dating methods. For two definitions of currency pressure we contrast ad hoc and extreme value‐based thresholds. We illustrate the methods with data of six East Asian countries for the January 1970–December 2002 period, and evaluate the methods on the basis of the IMF chronology of the Asia crisis in 1997–1999. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public debt indexation and denomination, the case of Brazil: a comment
Authors: Cysne Rubens Penha 
Published: August 2007

AbstractIn this work I analyse the model proposed by Goldfajn to study the choice of the denomination of the public debt. The main purpose of the analysis is to point out possible reasons why new empirical evidence provided by Bevilacqua et al., regarding a more recent time period, gives less empirical support to the model. I also provide a measure of the overestimation of welfare gains from hedging the debt caused by the simplified time frame of Goldfajn's model. Assuming a time‐preference parameter of 0.9, for instance, consumption gains associated with a hedge to the debt that reduces by half a one‐time 20%‐of‐GDP shock to government spending run around 1.43% under the no‐tax‐smoothing structure of the model. Under a Ramsey allocation, though, consumption increases by just 0.05%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acoustic videodensitometric parameters correlate with abnormalities of left ventricular filling in hypertensive patients assessed via doppler tissue imaging
Authors: Coulon Paul , Lasserre Raphael , Gosse Philippe 
Published: August 2007

AbstractPurposeUsing a videodensitometric technique developed in our center we investigated whether the amplitude of variation of gray levels in the interventricular septum was related to functional parameters, especially ventricular filling as studied by doppler tissue imaging (DTI) in hypertensive patients.Methods and ResultsWe included 35 hypertensive patients from whom we recorded a two dimensional sequence of the left ventricle from the short axis parasternal view and a doppler tissue scan of the mitral ring. Two‐dimensional sections were then analyzed with Iodp software to measure variations in levels of gray in the septum. We observed significant correlations between these variations and the velocity of the Ea wave on DTI of the lateral wall (r = 0.49, p < 0.002). On dividing this population into three sub‐groups according to the Appleton classification of ventricular filling, we noted a tendency to a reduction in amplitude of variations of gray of the septum in cases with abnormalities of relaxation. This was even more marked in cases with a restrictive or pseudo‐normal profile.ConclusionThese observations point to the interest of sonographic videodensitometry in the evaluation of hypertensive cardiopathy. Further studies will be required to determine whether it can define the extent of the abnormalities of myocardial structure and the degree of fibrosis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Maximum number of colorings of (2k, k2)‐graphs
Authors: Lazebnik Felix , Pikhurko Oleg , Woldar Andrew 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLet ${\cal F}_{{2}{k},{k}^{2}}$ consist of all simple graphs on 2k vertices and ${k}^{2}$ edges. For a simple graph G and a positive integer $\lambda$, let ${P}_{G}(\lambda)$ denote the number of proper vertex colorings of G in at most $\lambda$ colors, and let $f(2k, k^{2}, \lambda) = {\rm max} \{{P}_{G}(\lambda):{G} \in {\cal F}_{{2}{k},{k}^{2}}\}$. We prove that $f(2{k}, {k}^{2}, 3) = {P}_{{K}_{{k}, {k}}}(3)$ and ${K}_{{k},{k}}$ is the only extremal graph. We also prove that $f({2}{k}, {k}^{2}, 4) = ({6}+{o}(1)){4}^{k}$ as ${k}\to \infty$. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 56: 135–148, 2007
In vitro analysis of an allogenic scaffold for tissue‐engineered meniscus replacement
Authors: Maier Dirk , Braeun Klaus , Steinhauser Erwin , Ueblacker Peter , Oberst Michael , Kreuz Peter C. , Roos Nadine , Martinek Vladimir , Imhoff Andreas B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractScaffolds play a key role in the field of tissue engineering. Particularly for meniscus replacement, optimal scaffold properties are critical. The aim of our study was to develop a novel scaffold for replacement of meniscal tissue by means of tissue engineering. Emphasis was put on biomechanical properties comparable to native meniscus, nonimmunogenecity, and the possibility of seeding cells into and cultivating them within the scaffold (nontoxicity). For this purpose, native ovine menisci were treated in vitro in a self‐developed enzymatic process. Complete cell removal was achieved and shown both histologically and electron microscopically (n = 15). Immunohistochemical reaction (MHC 1/MHC 2) was positive for native ovine meniscus and negative for the scaffold. Compared to native meniscus (25.8 N/mm) stiffness of the scaffold was significantly increased (30.2 N/mm, p < 0.05, n = 10). We determined the compression (%) of the native meniscus and the scaffold under a load of 7 N. The compression was 23% for native meniscus and 29% for the scaffold (p < 0.05, n = 10). Residual force of the scaffold was significantly lower (5.2 N vs. 4.9 N, p < 0.05, n = 10). Autologous fibrochondrocytes were needle injected and successfully cultivated within the scaffolds over a period of 4 weeks (n = 10). To our knowledge, this study is the first to remove cells and immunogenetic proteins (MHC 1/MHC 2) completely out of native meniscus and preserve important biomechanical properties. Also, injected cells could be successfully cultivated within the scaffold. Further in vitro and in vivo animal studies are necessary to establish optimal cell sources, sterilization, and seeding techniques. Cell differentiation, matrix production, in vivo remodeling of the construct, and possible immunological reactions after implantation are subject of further studies. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1598–1608, 2007
Functional tissue engineering for tendon repair: A multidisciplinary strategy using mesenchymal stem cells, bioscaffolds, and mechanical stimulation
Authors: Butler David L. , Juncosa‐Melvin Natalia , Boivin Gregory P. , Galloway Marc T. , Shearn Jason T. , Gooch Cynthia , Awad Hani 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOver the past 8 years, our group has been continuously improving tendon repair using a functional tissue engineering (FTE) paradigm. This paradigm was motivated by inconsistent clinical results after tendon repair and reconstruction, and the modest biomechanical improvements we observed after repair of rabbit central patellar tendon defects using mesenchymal stem cell‐gel‐suture constructs. Although possessing a significantly higher stiffness and failure force than for natural healing, these first generation constructs were quite weak compared to normal tendon. Fundamental to the new FTE paradigm was the need to determine in vivo forces to which the repair tissue might be exposed. We first recorded these force patterns in two normal tendon models and then compared these peak forces to those for repairs of central defects in the rabbit patellar tendon model (PT). Replacing the suture with end‐posts in culture and lowering the mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) concentration of these constructs resulted in failure forces greater than peak in vivo forces that were measured for all the studied activities. Augmenting the gel with a type I collagen sponge further increased repair stiffness and maximum force, and resulted in the repair tangent stiffness matching normal stiffness up to peak in vivo forces. Mechanically stimulating these constructs in bioreactors further enhanced repair biomechanics compared to normal. We are now optimizing components of the mechanical signal that is delivered in culture to further improve construct and repair outcome. Our contributions in the area of tendon functional tissue engineering have the potential to create functional load‐bearing repairs that will revolutionize surgical reconstruction after tendon and ligament injury. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1–9, 2008
Resistance to aerobic deterioration of total mixed ration silage inoculated with and without homofermentative or heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Nishino Naoki , Hattori Hirotaka 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWet brewers grains were stored as a total mixed ration (TMR) in laboratory silos with lucerne hay, cracked maize, sugar beet pulp, soya bean meal and molasses at 5:1:1:1:1:1 on fresh weight basis. The TMR mixture was inoculated with or without Lactobacillus casei or Lactobacillus buchneri to obtain silages with differing fermentation and stability after exposure to air. In the first experiment, ensiling was stopped at 10, 20 and 60 days, and the stability was tested for the following 7 days. Ethanol and lactic acid were the main products in untreated TMR silage, while addition of L. casei and L. buchneri increased lactic and acetic acid, respectively. No silages deteriorated in the presence of air over 7 days, regardless of inoculation, ensiling period and the level of yeasts determined at unloading. In the second experiment, silos were opened at 14 days and then subjected to aerobic stability test for 14 days. Resistance to deterioration was sustained in the untreated control, even with a high population (>104 cfu g−1) of yeasts throughout the 14‐day test. Spoilage was found in L. casei‐treated silage at about 5 days, while increase of yeasts preceded the distinct heating (degradation). In L. buchneri‐treated silage, no yeasts were detected at unloading or after exposure to air. These results suggest that substantial stability can be expected in TMR silage with or without inoculation of lactic acid bacteria. This property is not associated with the counts of yeasts at loading and the characteristics of silage such as alcoholic and lactic acid fermentation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Expression of granule‐bound starch synthase in developing rice grain
Authors: Jeng Toong Long , Wang Chang Sheng , Tseng Tung Hai , Sung Jih Min 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe expression of granule‐bound starch synthase (GBSS) in rice (Oryza sativa) genotype Tainung 67 (200 g kg−1 grain amylose content) and its two NaN3‐induced mutants SA419 and SA418 were examined. G/T polymorphism analysis indicated that SA418 (300 g kg−1 grain amylose content) carried Wxa allele. The insertion of 23 base pairs sequence was found only in SA419 (80 g kg−1 grain amylose content), suggesting that it was a waxy mutant. Microsatellite polymorphisms (CT)n were also detected on the Wx gene encoding GBSS in the tested genotypes. The activities of several key enzymes involving starch biosynthesis in developing grains of field‐grown rice plants were also compared during grain filling period. Significant genotypic differences were only found in the expression of GBSS. The content of amylose in SA418 grain was higher than Tainung 67 and SA419 grains throughout the entire grain filling period, possibly due to its superiority to synthesize amylose through GBSS. The lowest amylose content of SA 419 grain was attributable to its extremely low activity of GBSS in comparison with the two other genotypes. The mutation effects on the expression of GBSS were confirmed by two‐dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Transition from conventional farming to organic farming using bahiagrass
Authors: Katsvairo Tawainga W , Wright David L , Marois James J , Rich Jimmy R 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe necessity of ecologically friendly farming systems coupled with the desire for foods free from synthetic chemicals has made organic farming one of the fastest‐growing agricultural enterprises. The transition from conventional agriculture to organic farming is a difficult period for several reasons, (1) since it occurs at a time of least experience for the growers getting into organic farming, (2) because predator–prey links are not fully developed, (3) because farmers usually do not receive a full premium for their products and (4) because initial yields may be low. Transitioning from conventional to organic farming is at the very least region‐specific and frequently farm‐specific in nature. In the southeastern USA the use of perennial grasses such as bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Fluegge) has been shown to have several benefits that may be useful in the transition process. Bahiagrass improves soil health by reducing erosion, increasing soil organic matter, recovering and conserving plant nutrients and promoting good soil structure. Furthermore, since bahiagrass is a non‐host to most soil‐borne pathogens, it reduces disease and nematode infestations. The resultant increase in soil organic matter from bahiagrass increases the abundance of beneficial organisms, which enables the new system to reach equilibrium quickly. Leguminous cover crops grown during the winter dormancy of bahiagrass provide the necessary nitrogen during the transitional stage. Cover crops also reduce weed emergence and improve soil structure and water retention. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
New Strategy for Controlling Biodegradability of Biodegradable Polyesters by Enzyme‐Catalyzed Surface Grafting
Authors: Tsuji Hideto , Nishikawa Misato , Osanai Yasushi , Matsumura Shuichi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA novel preparation method for the core‐shell type biodegradable polyesters or biodegradable materials grafted with biodegradable polyesters was developed by alkaline surface treatment of biodegradable polyester films and subsequent enzymatic polymerization of aliphatic lactones, one example of which is shown in this study, i.e., the preparation of poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) film grafted with poly(ε‐caprolactone). It is revealed that only alkaline surface treatment or the combination of alkaline surface treatment and enzyme‐catalyzed grafting, the former and the latter, respectively accelerating and delaying the enzymatic degradation of PLLA, will give PLLA materials having a wide variety of biodegradability. Also, the specificity of the enzyme used for hydrolysis could be used to confirm the grafted chain species.magnified image
Hierarchical Structure‐within‐Structure Morphologies in A‐block‐(B‐graft‐C) Molecules
Authors: Huang Ching‐I , Lin Yu‐Chih 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have used dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) to simulate the self‐assembling behavior of A‐block‐(B‐graft‐C) coil‐comb molecules, in which each B segment is covalently bonded with one C segment. In addition to the composition, we found that by varying any of the interaction parameters between each pair of components I and J, where I, J = A, B, C, we can also induce a series of morphology transitions associated with two length scales. Moreover, we observed that if the length of the BC‐comb block is not long enough, the resulting morphology is mainly in the large‐length‐scale, ordering between the A‐rich and C‐rich domains with most of the B in the interfaces. By increasing the length of the BC‐comb block, one may expect that both B and C can pack orderly to form a lamellar structure. As a result, various experimentally observed structure‐within‐structures have been simulated via DPD.magnified image
Effect of Hydrophilic Shells on the Formation of Colloidal Crystals by Monodisperse Core‐Shell Polymer Microspheres
Authors: Meng Qingbin , Li Zhanyong , Li Gang , Zhu Xiao Xia 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe have found that a soft, hydrophilic shell is necessary in the formation of three‐dimensional colloidal crystals by polymeric microspheres prepared by surfactant‐free emulsion copolymerization. The core‐shell microspheres contain a hard, hydrophobic polystyrene core and a soft, hydrophilic shell made of polyacrylamide or poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). Dilution of the particles induced a red shift of the diffraction peak. We have found a pH switching effect for the formation of colloidal crystals by the microspheres with a PAA shell. When the carboxylic‐acid groups are protonated, the colloidal crystals lose their order. The same effect is observed when a poor solvent is added to the colloidal crystals formed by the microspheres with a polyacrylamide shell.magnified image