bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of the amount of valgus correction for medial compartment knee osteoarthritis on clinical outcome, knee kinetics and muscle co‐contraction after opening wedge high tibial osteotomy
Authors: Briem Kristin , Ramsey Dan K. , Newcomb William , Rudolph Katherine S. , Snyder‐Mackler Lynn 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe goal of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) is to reduce excessive loading on the medial compartment of the knee by correcting varus deformity, thereby reducing pain and improving function. Although surgical outcome is reportedly poor in cases of under‐ or overcorrection, the recommended alignment varies. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the degree of frontal plane knee alignment following open wedge HTO surgery on muscle co‐contraction, joint moments, and self‐reported functional outcome. Sixteen patients with medial compartment osteoarthritis (OA), who were scheduled for an opening wedge osteotomy, were recruited for participation in the study. Data were collected using an optoeletric motion analysis system and varus and valgus angulations of the knee were measured, using standing, long cassette, radiographs of the lower extremities. Results showed that physical function improved significantly overall (p < 0.001). However, those subjects whose knee alignment was further away from the group's postoperative mean tended to improve less in their Knee Outcome Survey‐Activities of Daily Living Scale (KOS‐ADLS) scores than those closer to the mean (p = 0.07). They also had higher medial and lateral co‐contractions and higher adduction moments one year after surgery (p ≤ 0.009 and p = 0.048, respectively) and were more likely to show a change towards increased medial muscle co‐contraction following surgery, when compared to presurgical values. This outcome may contribute to accelerated degeneration of the knee for this group of people. © 2006 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 2007
A colorimetric study of oenin copigmented by procyanidins
Authors: Berké Bénédicte , de Freitas Victor 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA colorimetric method was used to analyse the influence of procyanidin structure on colour changes of malvidin 3‐O‐glucoside (oenin) solution resulting from copigmentation. The study was performed in hydroalcoholic citrate/phosphate buffer solution (120 g L−1) at pH 3.6 and ionic strength 0.2 mol L−1. Chromatic L*, a* and b* coordinates (CIELAB, D65/10° illuminant/observer condition) obtained from spectral curves recorded between 360 and 830 nm allowed the calculation of lightness L*, chroma C* and hue angle hab. In general, addition of copigment induced colour enhancement (loss of lightness and increased chroma). The prevailing parameters affecting colour changes were lightness and chroma for monomers and lightness and hue for procyanidins B5 and B8 (C4–C6 dimers). A small blueing effect was observed only for catechin monomer‐copigmented solutions. For procyanidin copigments, as the structural complexity of the copigment increased, the hue angle moved to yellower values. The ester gallate of dimer B2 produced the strongest modification of colour attributes of oenin solution. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of plastic film mulching cultivation under non‐flooded condition on rice quality
Authors: Lu Xinghua , Wu Lianghuan , Pang Linjiang , Li Yongshan , Wu Jianguo , Shi Chunhai , Zhang Fusuo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPlastic film mulching cultivation under non‐flooded condition (PFMC), a new high‐efficiency and water‐saving cultivation technique, has been adopted and developed in many regions of china since the 1980s. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of PFMC on rice quality in three agro‐ecosystems (plain, basin and mountainous area) in 2001. The experiment consisted of three treatments, which were conventional flooded cultivation (CFC), PFMC and non‐mulching cultivation (NMC) under non‐flooded condition in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Compared with CFC, PFMC increased head‐milled rice recovery (with the exception of plain area), rice transparency and alkali spreading value, but slightly decreased gel consistency and obviously decreased chalky grain rate. Compared with NMC, those quality traits under PFMC were changeable at different sites. There were no significant differences for brown rice rate (except hilly area), milling rice quality and amylose content across treatments. In addition, nutritional quality under PFMC was notably improved in comparison with CFC and NMC. With few exceptions, the protein content, total amino acid content, individual amino acid content and Lys content of rice decreased in the order of PFMC > NMC > CFC. In general, rice quality is affected by each agro‐ecosystem and cultivation system to different degrees. PFMC had more influence on rice quality in hilly region than plain and basin regions. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
A coupled system for electrical circuits. Numerical simulations
Authors: Selva Soto Monica 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe are interested in the numerical simulation of electrical circuits modelled by a coupled system of differential algebraic equations and partial differential equations. The partial differential equations describe the semiconductor devices in the circuit. When solving this problem numerically we discretize in space the partial differential equations in the system and solve the resulting differential algebraic equation. In this paper a brief description of the model is given and some of its properties are presented. Some numerical simulations are also shown. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Solar cell efficiency tables (version 29)
Authors: Green Martin A. , Emery Keith , King David L. , Hishikawa Yoshihiro , Warta Wilhelm 
Published: December 2006

AbstractConsolidated tables showing an extensive listing of the highest independently confirmed efficiencies for solar cells and modules are presented. Guidelines for inclusion of results into these tables are outlined and new entries since June 2006 are reviewed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rheology of isothermally crystallized poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites with clay loadings under the percolation threshold
Authors: Wu Defeng , Zhou Chixing , Zhang Ming 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article describes the structural evolution of clay in poly(butylene terephthalate) nanocomposites (PCNs) with clay loadings lower than the percolation threshold during the isothermal crystallization process. The study of the structure and rheological properties has revealed that the intercalation and detachment levels of clay are enhanced in samples crystallized at a high temperature (210 °C), in contrast to those of the original PCN, and this results in the formation of a rheological percolation network. However, for PCNs crystallized at a low temperature (190 °C), the further structural evolution of the tactoids is very small. All the experimental results indicate that the morphologies of clay can further evolve during the crystallization process, but the evolution level is strongly dependent on the crystallization temperature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 229–238, 2007
Nornicotine inhibition of dopamine transporter function in striatum via nicotinic receptor activation
Authors: Middleton Lisa S. , Crooks Peter A. , Wedlund Peter J. , Cass Wayne A. , Dwoskin Linda P. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNornicotine, a tobacco alkaloid andN‐demethylated nicotine metabolite, releases DA from superfused rat striatal slices in a mecamylamine‐sensitive manner, indicating nicotinic receptor (nAChR) modulation of this response. The current study determined the effect of nornicotine on rat striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) function using in vivo voltammetry. In a dose‐related and mecamylamine‐sensitive manner, nornicotine (0.35–12.0 mg/kg, s.c.) decreased DA clearance, suggesting that nornicotine inhibits striatal DAT function via a nAChR–mediated mechanism. Furthermore, the nAChRs mediating the nornicotine‐induced inhibition of DAT function appear to be different from those activated by nicotine which increases DA clearance. Understanding the actions of nornicotine in brain may have significance for emerging therapeutics and for the management of nicotine dependence. Synapse 61:157–165, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Questionnaire ratings of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adults are associated with spatial working memory
Authors: Dowson Jonathan H. , Blackwell Andrew D. , Turner Danielle C. , Harvey Elizabeth , Malhotra Tina , Robbins Trevor W. , Sahakian Barbara J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveData related to brain function may have the potential to improve the reliability and validity of assessments for the aetiologically and clinically heterogeneous syndrome of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study investigated associations between questionnaire assessments of behavioural features of adults with ADHD and an aspect of neurocognitive performance which has been reported to be impaired in adults with ADHD.MethodsFifty-nine adult patients with a DSM-IV diagnosis of ADHD, and their informants, completed questionnaires related to aspects of severity of ADHD. Associations were examined between questionnaire ratings and performance on a computer-administered task of spatial working memory (SWM).ResultsCorrelations between ratings of ADHD and SWM indicated moderate but significant correlations for patients' ratings, but not for informants' ratings. Also, patients who reported a past history of ‘self-harm’ (N = 33) had a significantly worse mean performance on both measures of SWM (p = 0.004, 0.003).ConclusionsThe results indicate that aspects of impulsivity, i.e. self-ratings of ‘emotive’ behaviour (involving rapid response to stimuli and marked reactivity of mood) and of past ‘self-harm’, show relatively strong associations with SWM performance in adults selected on the basis of an ADHD diagnosis. A profile of neurocognitive performances may have a role in the assessment of ADHD.
Familial aggregation of depression, but no familial aggregation of individual depressive symptoms
Authors: Heun Reinhard , Hein Sandra 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundFamilial aggregation of major depression might indicate a genetic liability for the disorder. The complete disorder or, alternatively, only some individual symptoms might be inherited. Under the latter condition, an increased frequency of inherited symptoms might consecutively increase the likelihood to reach the threshold for depression in relatives and, thus, might cause the familial aggregation of depression. Up to now, no study investigated the possibility of a relationship between individual depressive symptoms and the familial aggregation of depression.MethodsThe familial aggregation of early-onset depression (age-at-onset < 60 years, EOD) but less so of late-onset depression (LOD) has been shown in this sample. To assess the hypothesis of an inheritance of individual depressive symptoms as a possible cause of the familial aggregation of depression, frequencies of symptoms were compared in relatives of depressed patients and of controls using forward logistic regression analyses.ResultsSome individual depressive symptoms showed clustering in relatives of patients with depression, but the pattern of inheritance was inconsistent, i.e. the clustering of symptoms was different between non-depressed and depressed relatives of patients with EOD and LOD, respectively. No intra-familial clustering of specific depressive symptoms within families of depressed subjects could be observed.ConclusionsDue to the inconsistencies in the clustering of individual symptoms in non-depressed and depressed relatives and the lack of intra-familial clustering, the familial aggregation of depression is unlikely to be caused by the aggregation of individual depressive symptoms. An inheritance of the vulnerability for complete depressive disorders influenced by environmental factors is more likely.
Overnight urinary cortisol release in women with borderline personality disorder depends on comorbid PTSD and depressive psychopathology
Authors: Wingenfeld Katja , Driessen Martin , Adam Bettina , Hill Andreas 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFree cortisol was investigated in BPD patients and healthy controls. A positive association was found between cortisol and depression scores, while the number of PTSD symptoms was negatively correlated with cortisol release. These findings suggest that alterations in cortisol release in BPD are strongly associated with the severity of psychopathology.
Evaluation of multiple management objectives for Northeast Atlantic flatfish stocks: sustainability vs. stability of yield
Authors: Kell L.T. , Pastoors M.A. , Scott R.D. , Smith M.T. , Van Beek F.A. , O'Brien C.M. , Pilling G.M. 
Published: December 2006

Abstract
This paper describes a simulation study that evaluated the ICES scientific advisory process used to recommend total allowable catches (TACs) for flatfish stocks. Particular emphasis is given to examining the effects on stock biomass, yield and stability of constraining interannual variation in TACs. A “management strategy evaluation” approach is used where an operating model is used to represent the underlying reality, and pseudo data are generated for use within a management procedure. The management procedure comprises a stock assessment that uses data to estimate parameters of interest and a decision rule to derive TAC recommendations for the following year. Bounds on TAC of between 20% and 40% have little effect on yields or stability, while a 10% bound on TAC can affect the ability to achieve management targets and result in low-frequency cycling in the stock. In the short term, performance is highly dependent on current stock status but bounds have less effect if the stock is close to equilibrium for a target fishing mortality (F). In addition, it was shown that current ICES biomass and fishing mortality reference points are not always consistent, and several are clearly inappropriate. Importantly, including realistic sources and levels of uncertainty can result in far from optimal management outcomes based on the current procedures. Results also conflicted with expert opinion, in suggesting that management based on a fixed F regime could result in relatively stable yields despite fluctuations in year-class strength and that the management feedback process itself is implicated in causing fluctuations in the system due to significant time-lags in this process. We therefore emphasize that providing more precise population estimates or developing harvest control rules alone will not necessarily help in achieving management objectives, rather management procedures that are robust to uncertainty and tuned to meet management objectives need to be developed. Operating models in these simulations were constrained to be based on existing ICES methods and perceptions of stock dynamics, but we recommend that, in future, operating models that represent the best available understanding of the actual system dynamics be used to evaluate models and rules considered for application.
The expression and binding of kainate receptors is modified in different brain regions by glutamate neurotoxicity during postnatal rat development
Authors: Beas‐Zárate C. , Ureña‐Guerrero M.E. , Flores‐Soto M. , Armendariz‐Borunda J. , Ortuño‐Sahagún D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractKainic acid receptor (KA‐R) subunits are differentially expressed during brain development, and they modulate both neural growth and survival. High concentrations of glutamate in the brain can induce neuronal injury through these receptors, altering normal development. However, it is unclear whether KAR subunit expression itself is also modified by neonatal exposure to high glutamate. To analyze this, monosodium glutamate (4 mg/g of body weight) was subcutaneously administered on postnatal days 1, 3, 5 and 7, and the expression of GluR5, GluR6, KA1 and KA2, as well as [3H]‐kainic acid (KA‐R) binding, was evaluated on postnatal days 14, 21, 30 and 60 in different regions of rat brain. As a result, high levels of GluR5 expression associated with strong [3H]‐kainic acid binding were observed on postnatal days 30 and 60 in the cerebral cortex of rats exposed to glutamate. Similarly, the changes induced by glutamate administration in the expression of the KA1 and KA2 subunits were paralleled by those of [3H]‐kainic acid binding in the striatum at postnatal days 21 and 30. In contrast, while KAR subunits were over expressed in the hippocampus, no changes were observed in [3H]‐kainic acid binding in adult rats that had been exposed to glutamate. Therefore, glutamate modifies both the expression of kainic acid receptor subunits and kainic acid binding in a determined spatial and temporal manner, which may be indicative of a regional susceptibility to glutamate neurotoxicity.
Customer expectations in online auction environments: An exploratory study of customer feedback and risk
Authors: Finch Byron J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe importance of understanding the needs of the customer is a widely‐accepted pre‐requisite to providing quality products and services. For product purchases through traditional channels, customers are known to have expectations for the product they are buying as well as for the services associated with its purchase. Online transactions, in which the buyer has no prior knowledge of the seller, are becoming increasingly common and are fraught with risks not present in traditional channels. Feedback about sellers in these risky markets contains a mix of product‐related and service‐related comments. This exploratory study identifies preliminary relationships between customers’ emphases on product or service dimensions of quality in their feedback and the risks to which the customer is exposed.
Rhinoclemmysnema n. g. and three new species of nematodes of the family Atractidae (Cosmocercoidea), with notes on the helminth fauna of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima (Testudines: Bataguridae) in Costa Rica
Authors: Gibbons L.M. , Platt T.R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractRhinoclemmysnema n. g. and three new species of atractid nematodes, namely, Atractis costaricaensis n. sp., Orientatractis asymmetrica n. sp. and Rhinoclemmysnema multilabiatum were recovered from the small and large intestine of Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima, the painted wood turtle in the Guanacaste Conservation Area, Costa Rica. The genera and three species are characterized by the features of the cephalic region and male tail. Neopolystoma fentoni (conjuctival sac) and Heronimus mollis (lungs) were also collected.
Helminth communities of Nectomys squamipes naturally infected by the exotic trematode Schistosoma mansoni in southeastern Brazil
Authors: Júnior A. Maldonado , Gentile R. , Fernandes-Moraes C.C. , D'Andrea P.S. , Lanfredi R.M. , Rey L. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe water rat Nectomys squamipes is endemic in Brazil and found naturally infected with Schistosoma mansoni. Helminth communities, their prevalences, intensity of infection and abundance in N. squamipes in an endemic area of schistosomiasis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil were studied. Four species of nematodes (Physaloptera bispiculata, Syphacia venteli, Hassalstrongylus epsilon and Litomosoides chagasfilhoi) were recovered in 85.3%, two trematodes (Schistosoma mansoni and Echinostoma paraensei) in 38.8% and one cestode species (Raillietina sp.) in 1.7% of rats examined. Rats were infected with up to five helminth species each, and these were highly aggregated in distribution. For H. epsilon and S. venteli, intensities and abundances were higher in adult male and subadult female hosts, respectively. Hassaltrongylus epsilon, P. bispiculata, S. venteli and S. mansoni were classified as dominant species, L. chagasfilhoi and E. paraensei as co-dominant and Raillietina sp. as subordinated. No significant correlation was found in the intensity of infecton between each pair of helminth species. Schistosoma mansoni was not related to any other helminth species according to their infection rates, althougth S. mansoni was well established in the natural helminth comunity of the water rat.
The effect of an indirect anthelmintic treatment on parasites and breeding success of free-living pheasants Phasianus colchicus
Authors: Draycott R.A.H. , Woodburn M.I.A. , Ling D.E. , Sage R.B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn Great Britain free-living common pheasants Phasianus colchicus are often managed at high densities owing to their popularity as a quarry species. They are prone to infection by a range of parasite species including Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp. and Syngamus trachea. In 1995 the efficacy of an indirect anthelmintic technique for controlling parasitic worm burdens of pheasants was determined in a pilot study on a shooting estate in the south of England. Between 2000 and 2003 a large-scale field experiment was conducted on nine estates in eastern England to determine the effect of the technique on parasite burden and pheasant breeding success. In the absence of anthelmintic treatment worm burdens increased rapidly through March and April, whereas birds given anthelmintic-treated grain had lower worm burdens during the same period. The breeding success of pheasants was significantly higher on plots provided with anthelmintic treatment, although no long-term increases in population densities were observed. The burdens of the most common parasite H. gallinarum were significantly lower in pheasants from treatment plots six weeks after the anthelmintic treatment had ceased, but spring treatment did not influence parasite burden in the following winter.
The ultrastructure of hypersymbionts on the monogenean Gyrodactylus salaris infecting Atlantic salmon Salmo salar
Authors: Bakke T.A. , Cable J. , Østbø M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThere is increasing pressure to develop alternative control strategies against the pathogen Gyrodactylus salaris, which has devastated wild Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in Norway. Hyperparasitism is one option for biological control and electron microscopy has revealed two ectosymbionts associated with G. salaris: unidentified rod-shaped bacteria, and the protist, Ichthyobodo necator. No endosymbionts were detected. The flagellate I. necator occurred only occasionally on fish suffering costiosis, whereas bacterial infections on the tegument of G. salaris were observed throughout the year, but at variable densities. Bacteria were seldom observed attached to fish epidermis, even when individuals of G. salaris on the same host were heavily infected. Wounds on salmon epidermis caused by the feeding activity of bacteria-infected G. salaris did not appear to be infected with bacteria. On heavily infected gyrodactylids, bacteria were most abundant anteriorly on the cephalic lobes, including the sensory structures, but no damaged tissue was detected by transmission electron microscopy in the region of bacterial adherence. Furthermore, transmission and survival of infected G. salaris on wild salmon did not appear to be influenced by the bacterial infection. The lack of structural damage and impact on G. salaris biology indicates that these bacteria are not a potential agent for control of gyrodactylosis. However, this may not be the case for all gyrodactylid–bacterial interactions and a review of bacterial infections of platyhelminths is presented.