bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ON THE CATALYTIC ACTION OF JAPANESE ACID EARTH. IX. THE PROMOTION AND POISONING OF THE CATALYTIC ACTION
Authors: Ishimura Koshiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The catalytic action of Japanese acid earth on naphthalene is greatly promoted when it contains the “retained water”, designated temporarily by the present author.
(2) The molecules of the “retained water” may be replaced by those of several other neutral substances containing oxygen in their molecules, the catalytic activity of the earth being thereby raised to a greater or smaller extent according to the nature of the substance.
(3) The term “degree of promotion” has been introduced, and the relation between the degree of promotion and molecular affinity has been discussed.
(4) The nitrogen-containing substances such as ammonia, methylamine, acetonitrile, and amyl nitrite have been found to be strong poisons to the catalysis, while the acidic substances such as hydrogen chloride and acetic acid have proved to be quite weak poisons.
(5) Chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene, and many hydrocarbons have been found indifferent to the catalytic action.
STUDIES OF THE RAMAN EFFECT. PART II. THE RAMAN EFFECT OF PHENYL-ACETATES, PHENYL-PROPIONATE, CINNAMATES, PHTHALATES, SALICYLATES AND PHENYLMETHYLCARBINOL
Authors: Matsuno Kichimatsu , Han Kwan 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1)The Raman spectra of methyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylacetate, ethyl phenylpropionate, ethyl cinnamate, iso-propyl cinnamate, dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, methyl salicylate, ethyl salicylate and methyl phenyl carbinol were studied.
(2) The constitutive influences exerted on the C–H of the benzene ring were observed. It was found that the carbon with the double bond (Remark: Graphics omitted.) attached to the benzene ring (Remark: Graphics omitted.), such as in the case of C6H5·CO·O·R and C6H5·CH=CH·CO·O·R gave the higher frequency (Δν=3070) than that (Δν=3055) in the case of C6H5·CH2·(Remark: Graphics omitted.)O–R and other compounds of the type, C6H5·CH2–X which have no carbon with double bond directly attached to the benzene ring.
(3) The constitutive influences exerted on the carbonyl group were observed.
(4) Disappearance of 615 cm.−1 in diderivatives and appearance of 560 cm.−1 in salicylates, o-kresyl acetate, o-kresyl benzoate and cinnamate were observed.
(5) Estimation of the valency frequencies of the (Remark: Graphics omitted.) linkage was confirmed.
Adherence and Persistence with Single-Dosage Form Extended-Release Niacin/Lovastatin Compared with Statins Alone or in Combination with Extended-Release Niacin
Authors: LaFleur Joanne , Thompson Clinton J , Joish Vijay N , Charland Scott L , Oderda Gary M , Brixner Diana I 
Published: July 2006

Background: Lipid-lowering therapies have been shown to reduce cardiovascular events and mortality; patient cooperation with therapy varies. A fixed-dose combination product, extended-release niacin/lovastatin (ERNL), has been shown to be beneficial in lipid management; however, little is known regarding patient behavior with ERNL therapy. Objective: To evaluate patient adherence and persistence with ERNL, statin monotherapy (SM), extended-release niacin (ERN) monotherapy, and ERN plus a statin (ERN-S). Methods: Prescription claims for lipid-lowering therapies were obtained from a pharmacy benefits manager between 2002 and 2003. Claims for a total of 2389 patients were analyzed for adherence and persistence, using medication possession ratios (MPRs) and proportions of days covered (PDCs). Adherence and persistence were defined, respectively, as an MPR or PDC greater than or equal to 0.80. Logistic regression was conducted to detect differences among groups. Covariates included age, gender, copay, and number of lipid-lowering therapies, a surrogate for disease severity. Results: Average MPR scores were relatively high in all groups at 0.88, 0.81, 0.89, and 0.90 for ERNL, SM, ERN, and ERN-S, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio for adherence was lowest for SM (0.69), which was statistically significant compared with ERN-S (1.43), but not ERNL (1.00) or ERN (0.74). Persistence outcomes were poor in all groups. By the fourth quarter, patients receiving ERN-S (OR 1.31) had significantly greater persistence than those receiving ERN (OR 0.41) and SM (0.61), but not those receiving ERNL (OR 1.00). Conclusions: Managed care patients tended to be adherent to chronic lipid-lowering therapies, based on a mean MPR greater than 0.8. However, most patients failed to persist for at least 6 months.
Maternal Gametophytic baseless1 Is Required for Development of the Central Cell and Early Endosperm Patterning in Maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Gutiérrez-Marcos José F , Costa Liliana M , Evans Matthew M S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In angiosperms, double fertilization of an egg cell and a central cell with two sperm cells results in the formation of a seed containing a diploid embryo and a triploid endosperm. The extent to which the embryo sac controls postfertilization events in the seed is unknown. The novel gametophytic maternal-effect maize mutation, baseless1 (bsl1) affects central cell development within the embryo sac, frequently by altering the position of the two polar nuclei. Despite this irregularity, fertilization is as efficient as in wild type. The spatial expression of basal endosperm-specific transcripts is altered in free-nuclear and cellular mutant endosperms. At later stages of seed development, bsl1 predominantly affects development of the basal endosperm transfer layer (BETL). When bsl1/+ diploid plants were pollinated by wild-type tetraploid plants, the BETL abnormalities observed in bsl1/bsl1/+/+ tetraploid endosperms were diverse and of variable severity. Moreover, the frequency of kernels with severely perturbed BETL development correlated with the percentage of severely affected bsl1 central cells. Therefore, BSL1 is likely required in the central cell before fertilization for correct BETL patterning to occur. These findings provide new genetic evidence that a maternal gametophytic component is necessary for correct endosperm patterning.
Arabidopsis SHORT INTEGUMENTS 2 Is a Mitochondrial DAR GTPase
Authors: Hill Theresa A , Broadhvest Jean , Kuzoff Robert K , Gasser Charles S 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Arabidopsis short integuments 2-1 (sin2-1) mutant produces ovules with short integuments due to early cessation of cell division in these structures. SIN2 was isolated and encodes a putative GTPase sharing features found in the novel DAR GTPase family. DAR proteins share a signature DAR motif and a unique arrangement of the four conserved GTPase G motifs. We found that DAR GTPases are present in all examined prokaryotes and eukaryotes and that they have diversified into four paralogous lineages in higher eukaryotes. Eukaryotic members of the SIN2 clade of DAR GTPases have been found to localize to mitochondria and are related to eubacterial proteins that facilitate essential steps in biogenesis of the large ribosomal subunit. We propose a similar role for SIN2 in mitochondria. A sin2 insertional allele has ovule effects similar to sin2-1, but more pronounced pleiotropic effects on vegetative and floral development. The diverse developmental effects of the mitochondrial SIN2 GTPase support a mitochondrial role in the regulation of multiple developmental pathways.
Regulation of the Drosophila melanogaster Protein, Enhancer of Rudimentary, by Casein Kinase II
Authors: Gelsthorpe Mark E , Tan Zehui , Phillips Anthony , Eissenberg Joel C , Miller Ashley , Wallace Janell , Tsubota Stuart I 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster gene enhancer of rudimentary, e(r), encodes a conserved protein, ER. Most ER homologs share two casein kinase II (CKII) target sites. In D. melanogaster, these sites are T18 and S24. A third CKII site, T63, has been seen only in drosophilids. The conservation of these CKII sites, particularly T18 and S24, suggests a role for these residues in the function of the protein. To test this hypothesis, these positions were mutated either to alanine as a nonphosphorylated mimic or to glutamic acid as a phosphorylated mimic. The mutations were tested individually or in double or triple combinations for their ability to rescue either a wing truncation characteristic of the genotype e(r)p1 rhd1-12 or the synthetic lethal interaction between e(r)p2 and the Notch allele Nnd-p. All of the substitutions as single mutations rescued both mutant phenotypes, arguing that individually the phosphorylation of the three residues does not affect ER activity. The double mutants T18A-S24A and T18E-S24E and the triple mutants T18A-S24A-T63A and T18E-S24E-T63E failed to rescue. Together the data support the following model for the regulation of ER by CKII. ER that is unphosphorylated at both T18A and S24 is inactive. CKII activates ER by phosphorylating either T18 or S24. Further phosphorylation to produce the doubly phosphorylated protein inactivates ER.
Health Professionals’ Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life Values for Oral Clefting by Age Using a Visual Analogue Scale Method
Authors: Wehby George L. , Ohsfeldt Robert L. , Murray Jeffrey C. 
Published: July 2006

Objective To elicit health-related quality of life (HRQL) values associated with oral clefting by age using a visual analogue scale, and to explore the appropriateness of using health professionals as evaluators. Methods A representative group of health professionals working on craniofacial and/or cleft palate teams in the United States was sampled. Values (between 0 and 1) representing the HRQL associated with isolated and nonisolated oral clefting for infants, children, adolescents, and adults were obtained. The relationships between selected evaluator characteristics and values were also assessed. Results Of 330 professionals surveyed, 133 (40%) completed and returned reliable evaluations. Overall, HRQL values were clustered toward the right tail of the scale, indicating modest decreases in HRQL. Most evaluators reported feeling confident in completing the evaluations. HRQL values seemed to vary by team type (cleft palate only versus cleft palate/craniofacial care) and geographic location, but no major differences were found overall for any selected evaluator characteristics. Conclusions This study provides HRQL values for oral clefting based on preferences of health professionals that may be useful in evaluating the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies, including those carried out in clinical trial studies. The clustered pattern of HRQL values suggests either a consensus among evaluators of a limited burden of oral clefting or an overall lack of understanding of the evaluation task.
Development of a retrobulbar injection technique for ocular surgery and analgesia in dogs
Authors: Accola Peter J. , Bentley Ellison , Smith Lesley J. , Forrest Lisa J. , Baumel Cheryl A. , Murphy Christopher J. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To develop and compare 3 techniques for retrobulbar injection of local anesthetic agents for ocular surgery and analgesia in dogs.
Design—Prospective study.
Animals—17 dogs (including 9 cadavers).
Procedures—Inferior-temporal palpebral (ITP), perimandibular, and combined superior-inferior peribulbar injection techniques were compared by assessing the distribution of latex after injection into the orbits of 5 canine cadavers; magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation of the distribution of contrast agent after injection in the retrobulbar space of 4 canine cadavers; and assessment of the efficacy and MRI evaluation of the anatomic distribution of injections of a lidocainecontrast agent mixture in 4 anesthetized, nonrecovery dogs. By use of the preferred technique (ITP), the ocular effects of lidocaine anesthesia were evaluated in 4 dogs; during a 2-week period after treatment, dogs underwent ophthalmic examination, Schirmer tear testing (STT), intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement, and Cochet–Bonnet esthesiometry.
Results—Of the 3 techniques, the ITP technique was the preferred method for retrobulbar administration of anesthetic agent in dogs because it was efficacious (pupil dilation and central rotation of the globe achieved in all eyes), easiest to perform, and provided thorough coverage of the intraconal retrobulbar space without complication. During the 2-week follow-up period, the ITP injection did not significantly affect STT, IOP, or Cochet-Bonnet esthesiometry values in dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs, retrobulbar administration of anesthetic agents via the ITP technique is a potential alternative to systemic administration of neuromuscular blocking agents for ophthalmic surgery and provides the additional benefit of local ocular analgesia.
Evaluation of palliative stenting for management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs
Authors: Weisse Chick , Berent Allyson , Todd Kim , Clifford Craig , Solomon Jeffrey 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate use of balloon-expandable and self-expanding metallic stents in management of malignant urethral obstructions in dogs.
Design—Original study.
Animals—12 dogs with malignant urethral obstructions.
Procedures—The extent and location of urethral obstructions and the diameter of adjacent unaffected luminal segments were determined by use of fluoroscopically guided wires and measuring catheters. Stents were chosen to extend approximately 1 cm proximal and distal to the obstruction. Stent diameters were chosen to be approximately 10% greater than the diameter of healthy portions of the urethra to prevent displacement. Stents were placed in the urethra under fluoroscopic guidance to restore luminal patency.
Results—3 dogs received balloon-expandable metallic stents, and 9 dogs received self-expanding metallic stents. The placement procedures were rapid, safe, and effective at restoring luminal patency and were not associated with major complications. Complications included recurrent urethral obstruction secondary to blood clot formation and urethral edema in 1 dog and stent dislodgement into the urinary bladder in 1 dog. All dogs were able to urinate immediately after the procedure. Nine dogs (3/4 females and 6/8 males) were continent or mildly incontinent after stent placement. Of the remaining 3 dogs, 2 developed severe incontinence and 1 had an atonic bladder. Seven dogs were considered to have good to excellent outcome, 3 had fair outcome, and 2 had poor outcome.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Transurethral placement of metallic stents was a safe and effective palliative treatment option for dogs with malignant urethral obstructions.
Colonic seromuscular augmentation cystoplasty following subtotal cystectomy for treatment of bladder necrosis caused by bladder torsion in a dog
Authors: Pozzi Antonio , Smeak Daniel D. , Aper Rhonda 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 5-year-old Labrador Retriever was evaluated because of a 3-day history of lethargy, anorexia, vomiting, stranguria, and anuria after routine ovariohysterectomy.
Clinical Findings—On initial examination, signs of abdominal pain and enlargement of the urinary bladder were detected. Clinicopathologic abnormalities included leukocytosis, azotemia, and hyperkalemia. Radiography and surgical exploration of the abdomen revealed urinary bladder torsion at the level of the trigone; histologically, there was necrosis of 90% of the organ.
Treatment and Outcome—After excision of the necrotic wall of the urinary bladder (approx 0.5 cm cranial to the ureteral orifices), the remaining bladder stump was closed with a colonic seromuscular patch. Eleven weeks later, cystoscopy revealed an intramural ureteral stricture, for which treatment included a mucosal apposition neoureterocystostomy. Thirteen months after the first surgery, the dog developed pyelonephritis, which was successfully treated. By 3 months after subtotal cystectomy, the dog's urinary bladder was almost normal in size. Frequency of urination decreased from 3 to 4 urinations/h immediately after surgery to once every 3 hours after 2 months; approximately 4 months after the subtotal cystectomy, urination frequency was considered close to normal.
Clinical Relevance—Urinary bladder torsion is a surgical emergency in dogs. Ischemia of the urinary bladder wall may result from strangulation of the arterial and venous blood supply and from overdistension. Subtotal resection of the urinary bladder, preserving only the trigone area and the ureteral openings, and colonic seromuscular augmentation can be used to successfully treat urinary bladder torsion in dogs.
Ventricular pneumocephalus and septic meningoencephalitis secondary to dorsal rhinotomy and nasal polypectomy in a dog
Authors: Fletcher Daniel J. , Snyder Jessica M. , Messinger Jennifer S. , Chiu Alexander G. , Vite Charles H. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old sexually intact female French Bulldog was evaluated because of lethargy, anorexia, and chronic rhinitis-sinusitis. The dog had nasal discharge of 18 months' duration; dorsal rhinotomies were performed 3 months and 2 weeks prior to referral.
Clinical Findings—On initial evaluation, intraventricular pneumocephalus and sinusitis were diagnosed; CSF analysis revealed high total protein concentration and mononuclear pleocytosis. The dog's condition improved with treatment. Two weeks after discharge, it was treated by a local veterinarian because of upper airway obstruction; 3 days later, the dog was referred because of seizures. Computed tomography revealed a large fluid-filled, left lateral ventricle and a soft tissue mass protruding through a cribriform plate defect. The mass was histologically consistent with brain tissue. Findings of clinicopathologic analyses were unremarkable. Results of cytologic examination of a CSF sample were indicative of septic, suppurative inflammation, and bacteriologic culture of CSF yielded Escherichia coli.
Treatment and Outcome—Amputation of the herniated olfactory bulb and antimicrobial treatment resolved the septic meningoencephalitis, but neurologic deficits recurred 6 weeks later. Definitive correction of the cribriform plate defect with bone and fascial grafts was attempted. Postoperative rotation of the bone graft resulted in cerebral laceration and hemorrhage, and the dog was euthanized.
Clinical Relevance—Findings suggest that following dorsal rhinotomy and nasal polypectomy surgery, the dog developed herniation of the left olfactory bulb, intra-ventricular pneumocephalus, and septic meningo-encephalitis because of a cribriform plate defect. Care must be taken to prevent rotation of bone grafts used in cribriform defect repair.
Vacuolar hepatopathy in dogs: 336 cases (1993–2005)
Authors: Sepesy Lisa M. , Center Sharon A. , Randolph John F. , Warner Karen L. , Erb Hollis N. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine disorders associated with vacuolar hepatopathy (VH), morphologic hepatic and clinicopathologic abnormalities, and affiliation with steroidogenic hormone excess in dogs.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—336 dogs with histologically confirmed moderate or severe VH.
Procedures—Information on signalment, results of diagnostic testing, definitive diagnoses, and exposure to glucocorticoids (ie, exogenous glucocorticoid administration or high endogenous concentrations of steroidogenic hormones) was obtained from medical records. Dogs were grouped by underlying disorder, glucocorticoid exposure, acinar zonal distribution of lesions, and histologic severity.
Results—12 disease groups (neoplastic, acquired hepatobiliary, neurologic, immune-mediated, gastrointestinal tract, renal, infectious, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus, portosystemic vascular anomaly, adrenal gland dysfunction, and miscellaneous disorders) were identified. There were 186 (55%) dogs with and 150 (45%) dogs without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. Acinar zonal distribution of hepatic vacuolation and clinicopathologic values did not differ between dogs with and without evidence of glucocorticoid exposure. However, a 3-fold increased likelihood of severe VH was associated with steroidogenic hormone exposure. Of 226 dogs with high serum alkaline phosphatase activity, 102 (45%) had no evidence of glucocorticoid exposure.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that neoplasia and congenital or acquired hepatobiliary disease are common in dogs with VH and provide support for the suggestion that VH, high alkaline phosphatase activity, and illness-invoked physiologic stress may be associated. Histologic confirmation of VH should initiate a diagnostic search for a primary disease if glucocorticoid treatment and hyperadrenocorticism are ruled out.
Hemoperitoneum in horses: 67 cases (1989–2004)
Authors: Dechant Julie E. , Nieto Jorge E. , Le Jeune Sarah S. 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate clinical findings, underlying causes, and short-term outcome associated with hemoperitoneum in horses.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—67 horses with hemoperitoneum.
Procedures—Medical records of horses with hemo-peritoneum (excluding postoperative abdominal hemorrhage) from 1989 through 2004 were analyzed. Information obtained included history, signalment, physical examination findings, diagnostic test results, and short-term outcome.
Results—Breed distribution was 28 Thoroughbreds, 13 Arabians, 10 Quarter Horses, 5 Warmbloods, 3 Appaloosas, and 1 each of 8 other breeds. There were 40 mares, 23 geldings, and 4 stallions. Median age was 12 years (range, 1 month to 40 years). Signs of abdominal discomfort were the primary complaint in 79% of horses. Clinical findings included shock (60%) and pale mucous membranes (60%). Median heart rate was 76 beats/min (range, 30 to 216 beats/min), median respiratory rate was 30 breaths/min (range, 8 to 92 breaths/min), median Hct was 31% (range, 10.5% to 73.0%), and total protein concentration was 5.8 g/dL (range, 3.3 to 8.7 g/dL). Cause of hemoperitoneum was attributed to trauma (25.4%), neoplasia (17.9%), uterine artery rupture (13.4%), mesenteric injury (11.9%), disseminated intravascular coagulopathy (6.0%), other causes (3.0%), and idiopathic causes (22.4%). Fifty-one percent of horses survived to hospital discharge, 37% were euthanized, and 12% died. Poor short-term outcome was significantly associated with high respiratory rate and certain underlying causes.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Hemoperitoneum is an infrequent but important cause of abdominal discomfort in horses. Predominant underlying causes were trauma, neoplasia, and idiopathic causes. Identification of underlying cause is important because of its association with outcome.