bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Evaluation of Revegetation Success on Bauxite Residue
Authors: Courtney Ronan , Mullen George , Harrington Tom 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe current study was undertaken to evaluate the success of a revegetation program on three sites within the Bauxite Residue Disposal Area at the Aughinish Alumina Ltd. refinery. This was achieved by determining botanical diversity, substrate conditions, and plant uptake. Two sites revegetated in 1999, with and without the use of gypsum, were assessed and compared to a site revegetated in 1997. Compared to an initial 6 species used in seeding, a total of 47 species were recorded growing on the three sites with greatest diversity on the 1997 site. There was limited variation in the residue properties of the three treatments indicating that diversity was most influenced by succession and not substrate conditions. Limited available manganese was found in all treatments and significantly lower exchangeable magnesium in the gypsum‐amended treatment. Exchangeable sodium, aluminum, and pH in the substrate were not at levels of concern. Appreciable nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium were found as a result of a fertilizing program. Dominant species in the 1999 treatments,Holcus lanatusandTrifolium pratense, were analyzed for elemental composition. Compared to previous studies, foliar nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and calcium were adequate and sodium levels were low. Manganese and magnesium levels were low, and availability should be assessed as part of the monitoring program. Furthermore, the effect of a fertilizing regime on plant uptake and substrate conditions needs to be assessed.
Observance of Antiplatelet Therapy after Stent Implantation in Patients under Chronic Oral Anticoagulant Treatment
Authors: VALENCIA JOSÉ , MAINAR VICENTE , BORDES PASCUAL , PINEDA JAVIER , GÓMEZ SILVIA , SOGORB FRANCISCO 
Published: April 2008

Purpose: Patients undergoing coronary stenting must take dual antiplatelet therapy during a variable period. The combination of chronic oral anticoagulants (COA) with antiplatelet therapy has been related to an increased risk of hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of the antiplatelet therapy observance in those patients and the incidence of adverse events after 1 year.
Methods: Patients with prior COA treatment with coronary lesions suitable for stenting were included. Clinical assessment was performed on admission, with follow‐up at 1, 6, and 12 months. Antiplatelet and COA treatment, adverse cardiac events, and hemorrhagic episodes were registered.
Results: A total of 70 patients were included. Mean age was 70.5 ± 8.7 years. The most common cause of COA was atrial fibrillation. Conventional stents were used in 40% and drug‐eluting stents (DES) in 60%. Treatment at discharge was: ASA + clopidogrel + COA 64.2%, ASA + clopidogrel 25.4%, COA + clopidogrel 7.5%, and COA + ASA 3%. Observance of antiplatelet and COA therapy at 1‐6‐12 month follow‐up after conventional stent was: COA 73.1‐70.8‐69.6%; ASA 92.3‐75.4‐65.2%; clopidogrel 92.3‐62.5‐43.5%. In patients receiving DES, it was: COA 76.9‐78.9‐80.6%, ASA 79.5‐65.8‐55.7%, and clopidogrel 94.9‐84.2‐61.1%. Dual antiplatelet therapy in patients with DES over these periods was taken in 79.5‐51.4‐27.8%, respectively. The incidence of adverse events was minor bleeding 11.4%, major bleeding 8.6%, myocardial infarction 4.3%, stent thrombosis 1.4%, and death 12.8%.
Conclusions: There is a great variability in the treatment prescribed at discharge. Low observance with dual antiplatelet therapy has been detected in these patients, particularly after DES implantation, and they present a very high rate of complications in the follow‐up.
Managing the Hazard of Marine Oil Pollution in Alaska
Authors: Busenberg George J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThis study examines the development of safeguards against marine oil pollution in Alaska since the 1989 Exxon Valdez disaster, in which oil spilled from the tanker Exxon Valdez polluted more than 2,000 kilometers of Alaskan coastline. Since 1989, a series of enduring institutional reforms have contributed to major enhancements in the safeguards against the continuing hazard of marine oil pollution in Alaska. This study is the first to comprehensively examine these new institutions and safeguards in two regions of Alaska with marine oil transportation systems. The major oil production streams of Alaska are transported through these two regions. In comparing the development of oil pollution safeguards in these two regions, this study finds a pattern of enduring yet unequal policy reforms.
Chlorhexidine with an anti discoloration system after periodontal flap surgery: a cross‐over, randomized, triple‐blind clinical trial
Authors: Cortellini Pierpaolo , Labriola Antonella , Zambelli Raffaella , Pini Prato Giovanpaolo , Nieri Michele , Tonetti Maurizio S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe use of chlorhexidine (CHX) has been recommended for a number of clinical applications including plaque control in the post‐operative period. However, the use of CHX is burdened by some side effects that could affect the compliance of the patient. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the side effects, the staining in particular, the patient acceptance, and the efficacy of a 0.2% CHX mouthwash containing an anti discoloration system (ADS) compared with a 0.2% CHX alone, after periodontal flap surgery.Material and Methods: This single‐centre, cross‐over, triple‐blind randomized clinical trial was carried out on 48 consecutive patients. After periodontal flap surgery, the patients were prescribed to rinse two times per day for 1 min for 1 week with 10 ml of test or control CHX, contained in anonymous bottles coded K or M and assigned randomly. No brushing and interdental cleaning of the surgical area was allowed. At week 1, after suture removal, patients received full‐mouth prophylaxis and were given a second anonymous bottle, reversing the products, with the same instructions as at baseline. Patients resumed tooth‐brushing but not interdental cleaning. At the end of week 2, prophylaxis was repeated, mouth rinsing was discontinued and patients resumed normal oral hygiene. At weeks 1 and 2, the following variables were recorded: presence of pigmentation, gingival parameters at the surgically treated sites (gingival inflammation, tissue inflammation around the sutures, gingival swelling and presence of granulation tissue), patient perception and acceptance of the 2 mouthwashes.Results: Forty‐seven patients completed the study. The difference between treatments related to gingival variables was not statistically significant. The test CHX caused consistently less pigmentations than the control CHX in all the evaluated areas of the dental surfaces (odds ratio (OR)=0.083 p<0.0001 in the incisal area, OR=0.036 p<0.0001 in the approximal area and OR=0.065 p<0.0001 in the gingival area). The CHX ADS was found to be more tolerated by patients than the control mouthwash and to cause less food alteration, less alterations to the perception of salt and to be less irritant for the oral tissues.Conclusions: (1) CHX ADS caused less pigmentation, was burdened by less side effects and was more agreeable than the control CHX; (2) CHX ADS was as effective as CHX without ADS in reducing gingival signs of inflammation in the post‐surgical early healing phase; (3) the use of CHX ADS could be of value in treatment protocols in which the patient compliance with a CHX mouthwash prescription is relevant.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE: Alterations in RCAS1 Serum Concentration Levels During the Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Lack of Analogical Changes in Ovarian Endometriosis
Authors: Wicherek Lukasz 
Published: April 2008

Problem  The selective suppression phenomenon of the cytotoxic immune response may be brought about by an increase in sRCAS1 blood serum concentration. Such an increase has been observed during cancer progression and decidualization. The aim of this study has been to evaluate alterations in RCAS1 blood serum concentration in women during normal menstrual cycle (NMC) phases and to compare the levels found with those in patients with ovarian endometriosis.Method of study  The sRCAS1 blood serum concentration level was determined for both 147 patients with ovarian endometriosis and a healthy control group.Results  Fluctuations in sRCAS1 blood serum concentration levels correlating with the NMC phases were demonstrated. The highest level of sRCAS1 was found during menstruation and the lowest during the proliferative cycle phase. However, no such fluctuations correlating with menstrual cycle phases were observed in the patients with endometriosis. The level of sRCAS1 in patients with endometriosis remained almost constant. Moreover, the sRCAS1 blood serum concentration level has been shown to increase, as ovarian endometriosis progresses.Conclusion  RCAS1 blood serum concentration may be a useful indicator of the selective suppression of the immune cytotoxic cell phenomenon associated with the development of endometriosis.
Design of the Economic Evaluation for the Interventional Management of Stroke (III) Trial
Authors: Mauldin Patrick D. , Simpson Kit N. , Palesch Yuko Y. , Spilker Judy S. , Hill Michael D. , Khatri Pooja , Broderick Joseph P. 
Published: April 2008

Rationale Stroke is a common and costly condition where an effective early treatment may be expected to affect patients' future quality of life, the cost of acute medical treatment, and the cost of rehabilitation and any supportive care needed for their remaining lifetime. To assist in informing discussions on early adoption of potential treatments, economic analyses should accompany investigations that seek to improve outcomes for stroke patients. Aims The primary aim is to assess whether i.v./i.a. rt-PA therapy is cost-effective at 3 months compared with i.v. rt-PA, and provides cost-savings or is cost-neutral by 12 months. Design Cost-effectiveness of the two treatment arms will be measured at months 3, 6, 9, and 12. Cost-effectiveness will be calculated using
Left ventricular function in the post‐infarct failing mouse heart by magnetic resonance imaging and conductance catheter: a comparative analysis
Authors: Winter E. M. , Grauss R. W. , Atsma D. E. , Hogers B. , Poelmann R. E. , Van Der Geest R. J. , Tschöpe C. , Schalij M. J. , Gittenberger‐de Groot A. C. , Steendijk P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAim:  Murine myocardial infarction (MI) models are increasingly used in heart failure studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and pressure–volume loops by conductance catheter (CC) enable physiological phenotyping. We performed a comparative analysis of MRI vs. CC to assess left ventricular (LV) function in the failing mouse heart.Methods:  MI was created by LAD ligation. MRI (day 14) and CC (day 15) were used to determine LV end‐diastolic volume (EDV), end‐systolic volume (ESV) and ejection fraction (EF).Results:  Pooled data yielded moderate‐to‐strong linear correlations: EDV: R = 0.61; ESV: R = 0.72; EF: R = 0.81. We analysed three groups, no MI (sham, n = 10), small MI (<30% of LV, n = 14) and large MI (>30%, n = 20). Volumes and EF were consistently lower by CC than by MRI, but group differences were evident for both techniques. Receiver‐operating characteristic analysis indicated good sensitivity and specificity for both techniques, with superior results for MRI.Conclusions:  CC and MRI are highly valuable for evaluation of LV volume and function. MRI is recommended for longitudinal studies, accurate absolute volumes and anatomical information. Unique features of CC are its online signal with high temporal resolution, and advanced analysis of LV function and energetics.
Social Psychological Face Perception: Why Appearance Matters
Authors: Zebrowitz Leslie A. , Montepare Joann M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe form first impressions from faces despite warnings not to do so. Moreover, there is considerable agreement in our impressions, which carry significant social outcomes. Appearance matters because some facial qualities are so useful in guiding adaptive behavior that even a trace of those qualities can create an impression. Specifically, the qualities revealed by facial cues that characterize low fitness, babies, emotion, and identity are overgeneralized to people whose facial appearance resembles the unfit (anomalous face overgeneralization), babies (babyface overgeneralization), a particular emotion (emotion face overgeneralization), or a particular identity (familiar face overgeneralization). We review studies that support the overgeneralization hypotheses and recommend research that incorporates additional tenets of the ecological theory from which these hypotheses are derived: the contribution of dynamic and multi‐modal stimulus information to face perception; bidirectional relationships between behavior and face perception; perceptual learning mechanisms and social goals that sensitize perceivers to particular information in faces.
Intraoperative efficacy of recombinant activated factor VII in a microcythemic patient: a case report
Authors: DAVID ANTONIO , LUCCHETTI BRUNA , SINARDI ANGELO U. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYRecombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) was initially developed for the treatment of hemorrhagic episodes in hemophilic patients with inhibitors to factors VIII and IX. After its introduction, it has also been used off‐label to enhance hemostasis in bleeding episodes not responsive to conventional therapy. Evidence so far indicates that the use of rFVIIa in hemophilic and nonhemophilic patients is both safe and effective in controlling bleeding. However, no data exist for the use of rFVIIa in critical bleeding in microcythemic (beta‐thalassemia) patients. We report a case of uncontrolled intra‐abdominal hemorrhage during urgent explorative laparotomy, 10 days after endoscopic sphincterotomy and open coledocotomy in the treatment of common bile duct lithiasis following colecystectomy, in a microcythemic patient. While the conventional methods to achieve hemostasis failed, the use of rFVIIa successfully controlled the bleeding. Further research is needed to determine the use of rFVIIa in microcythemic patients.
Heat Generation in Ferrous Metal Piles
Authors: Gollahalli S. R. , Francis J. E. , Varshney D. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A laboratory-scale experimental study of the basic processes and controlling parameters involved in the spontaneous heating of a pile of ferrous metal turnings during their marine transport is presented. The results indicate that the salinity of seawater, the amount of moisture coming in contact with the turnings, the surface area of turnings, the volume of container, and the bulk density of the pile affect the temperature rise in the ferrous material.
A Quasi-Three-Dimensional Approach to Predict the Performance of
Steam Surface Condensers
Authors: Zhang C. , Zhang Y. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
A quasi-three-dimensional numerical procedure is proposed to simulate the fluid flow and heat transfer in the shell-side of steam surface condensers. The proposed procedure is applied to an experimental steam surface condenser to evaluate its predictive capability. The predicted results give good general agreement with the experimental data. The governing equations are solved in primitive variable form using a semi-implicit consistent control-volume formulation in which a segregated pressure correction linked algorithm is employed. The modeling of the geometries of condensers, including tube bundles and baffle plates, is carried out based on porous media concepts using flow, heat and mass transfer resistances.
Binary-Flashing Geothermal Power Plants
Authors: Yuan Z. , Michaelides E. E. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Binary-flashing units utilize new types of geothermal power cycles, which may be used with resources of relatively low temperatures (less than 150°C) where other cycles result in very low efficiencies. The thermodynamic cycles for the binary flashing units are combinations of the geothermal binary and flashing cycles. They have most of the advantages of these two conventionally used cycles, but avoid the high irreversibilities associated with some of their processes. Any fluid with suitable thermodynamic properties may be used in the secondary Rankine cycle. At the optimum design conditions binary-flashing geothermal power plants may provide up to 25 percent more power than the conventional geothermal units.
Identification of a Porcine Calicivirus Related Genetically to Human Sapoviruses
Authors: Martella V. , Lorusso E. , Banyai K. , Decaro N. , Corrente M. , Elia G. , Cavalli A. , Radogna A. , Costantini V. , Saif L. J. , Lavazza A. , Di Trani L. , Buonavoglia C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT
Whether animals may act as reservoirs for human caliciviruses is unclear. By sequence analysis of a short fragment of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) region, porcine sapovirus (SaV) strains that genetically resemble human SaVs have been detected in piglets, but more-informative sequences (capsid gene) were not available for a precise characterization. In this study, the 3′ terminus (the 3′ end of open reading frame 1 [ORF1], including the polymerase complex and the complete capsid; ORF2; and the 3′ untranslated region) of one such human SaV-like strain, 43/06-18p3/2006/It, was determined, revealing that these viruses are more related genetically to human (47.4 to 54.9% amino acid identity) than to animal (35.2 to 44.7% amino acid identity) SaVs in the capsid gene. In addition, the recombination-prone RdRp-capsid junction region was highly conserved with those of human SaVs of genogroup GI. The presence of porcine viruses similar to human SaVs is a significant finding because of the potential for zoonotic infections or generation of porcine/human recombinants.
Evaluation of New Commercial Real-Time PCR Quantification Assay for Prenatal Diagnosis of Cytomegalovirus Congenital Infection
Authors: Ducroux Aurélie , Cherid Samira , Benachi Alexandra , Ville Yves , Leruez-Ville Marianne 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT
A new commercial real-time human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) PCR kit was evaluated after automated DNA extraction of 153 amniotic fluids in parallel with an in-house real-time PCR assay. The commercial kit displayed 100% sensitivity/specificity compared to the “in-house” assay and was suitable for prenatal diagnosis of HCMV congenital infection.
Priming of CD8+T Cells during Central Nervous System Infection with a Murine Coronavirus Is Strain Dependent
Authors: MacNamara Katherine C. , Bender Susan J. , Chua Ming Ming , Watson Richard , Weiss Susan R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTVirus-specific CD8+T cells are critical for protection against neurotropic coronaviruses; however, central nervous system (CNS) infection with the recombinant JHM (RJHM) strain of mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) elicits a weak CD8+T-cell response in the brain and causes lethal encephalomyelitis. An adoptive transfer model was used to elucidate the kinetics of CD8+T-cell priming during CNS infection with RJHM as well as with two MHV strains that induce a robust CD8+T-cell response (RA59 and SJHM/RA59, a recombinant A59 virus expressing the JHM spike). While RA59 and SJHM/RA59 infections resulted in CD8+T-cell priming within the first 2 days postinfection, RJHM infection did not lead to proliferation of naïve CD8+T cells. While all three viruses replicated efficiently in the brain, only RA59 and SJHM/RA59 replicated to appreciable levels in the cervical lymph nodes (CLN), the site of T-cell priming during acute CNS infection. RJHM was unable to suppress the CD8+T-cell response elicited by RA59 in mice simultaneously infected with both strains, suggesting that RJHM does not cause generalized immunosuppression. RJHM was also unable to elicit a secondary CD8+T-cell response in the brain following peripheral immunization against a viral epitope. Notably, the weak CD8+T-cell response elicited by RJHM was unique to CNS infection, since peripheral inoculation induced a robust CD8+T-cell response in the spleen. These findings suggest that the failure of RJHM to prime a robust CD8+T-cell response during CNS infection is likely due to its failure to replicate in the CLN.
Rapid Sequence Change and Geographical Spread of Human Parvovirus B19: Comparison of B19 Virus Evolution in Acute and Persistent Infections
Authors: Norja Päivi , Eis-Hübinger Anna Maria , Söderlund-Venermo Maria , Hedman Klaus , Simmonds Peter 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACT

Parvovirus B19 is a common human pathogen maintained by horizontal transmission between acutely infected individuals. However, B19 virus can also be detected in tissues throughout the life of the host, although little is understood about the nature of such persistence. In the current study, we created large VP1/2 sequence data sets of plasma- and tissue (autopsy)-derived variants of B19 virus with known sample dates to compare the rates of sequence change in exogenous virus populations with those in persistently infected individuals. By using linear regression and likelihood-based methods (such as the BEAST program), we found that plasma-derived B19 virus showed a substitution rate of 4 × 10
−4
and an unconstrained (synonymous)-substitution rate of 18 × 10
−4
per site per year, several times higher than previously estimated and within the range of values for mammalian RNA viruses. The underlying high mutation frequency implied by these substitution rates may enable rapid adaptive changes that are more commonly ascribed to RNA virus populations. These revised estimates predict that the last common ancestor for currently circulating genotype 1 variants of B19 virus existed around 1956 to 1959, fitting well with previous analyses of the B19 virus “bioportfolio” that support a complete cessation of genotype 2 infections and their replacement by genotype 1 infections in the 1960s. In contrast, the evolution of B19 virus amplified from tissue samples was best modeled by using estimated dates of primary infection rather than sample dates, consistent with slow or absent sequence change during persistence. Determining what epidemiological or biological factors led to such a complete and geographically extensive population replacement over this short period is central to further understanding the nature of parvovirus evolution.