bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regional and systemic effects of short‐term intense muscular work on plasma concentration and content of total and ionized calcium
Authors: LJUNGHALL S. , JOBORN H. , LUNDIN L. , RASTAD J. , WIDE L. , ÄKERSTRÖM G. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Isokinetic work with one leg was carried out with maximal force for 2 min by five healthy subjects. The concentrations of plasma total calcium and of ionized calcium in the effluent from the leg increased by a mean of 13middot;6 ± 1middot;8% (SD) and 16middot;2 ± 2middot;0%, respectively. The corresponding rises in the resting arm were 7middot;7 ± 4middot;3% and 8middot;1 ± 3middot;0%. There was a close correlation (r= 0–86; P<0middot;001) between the degree of exercise‐induced acidosis and the rise in plasma ionized calcium. However, the calcium values normalized both in the leg and in the arm within 5 min after the exercise and were similar at the two measuring sites despite a lower pH in the leg sample.During work there was a reduction of the plasma volume of 11middot;2 ± 6middot;0% in the regional (femoral) and 12middot;4 ± 4middot;2% in the systemic (antecubital) sample (P<0middot;001 compared to baseline values for both measurements). When adjustments were made for the reduction in plasma volume as well as for acidosis it was evident that, despite the apparent increases in the calcium concentrations, there was a net reduction of the plasma ionized calcium content (the total amount of plasma ionized calcium). This decrease was significantly (P<0middot;05) more pronounced in the exercising leg than in the systemic circulation but the difference could largely be explained by higher calcium‐lactate complex formation in the leg.
Relationship between turnover rate and oxidation rate of alanine in the post‐absorptive state and during parenteral nutrition before and after surgery
Authors: SAUERWEIN H. P. , MICHELS R. P. J. , CEJKA V. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The influence of total parenteral nutrition and stomach resection on alanine turnover rate and alanine oxidation rate was measured in ten patients after single injection of U‐14 C‐alanine. Sequential studies were done in three patients. During parenteral nutrition alanine turnover was significantly higher than in the post‐abortive state (14·75 ± 2·56 μmol kg‐1 min‐1 and 8·48 ± 1·88 μmol kg‐1 min‐1, respectively; P<0·01, mean ± s.d.)‐ Surgery had no additional significant influence on alanine turnover. In the post‐absorptive state 4·71 ± 0·71 /μmol kg‐1 min‐1 was oxidized, during parenteral feeding before surgery 7·93 ± 1·93 μmol kg‐1 min‐1 (P<0·01 v. post‐absorptive state), and during parenteral feeding after surgery 7·67 ± 1·67 μmol kg‐1 min‐1. The percentages of alanine turnover used for oxidation in the post‐absorptive state and during parenteral feeding before and after surgery were 57 ± 11%, 54 ± 7% and 45 ±11%, respectively (no significant differences).It is concluded that the degree of alanine oxidation seems to be directed by the degree of alanine turnover. A discussion about differences in alanine oxidation under different circumstances must therefore include a discussion about changes in alanine turnover.
Stimulatory cholinergic effect on the release of antiaggregatory activity into the circulation of cat and man and its modification by β‐adrenergic antagonists
Authors: SWIES J. , RADOMSKI M. , DEMBIŃSKA‐KIEĆ A. , KORBUT R. , GRYGLEWSKI R. J. , BRANDT R. , NOWAK J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The release of PGI2‐like activity into the circulation in response to cholinergic agonists and modification of this response by β‐adrenergic antagonists was investigated in anaesthetized cats and healthy humans. Antiaggregatory activity in the arterial blood was continuously assayed by measuring platelet aggregation on blood superfused collagen strip. In some of the human experiments, after the administration of the drugs, the conversion of [14C]‐arachidonate to [14C]‐prostaglandins in the pulmonary vascular bed was studied.Cholinergic agonists stimulated the release of PGI2‐like activity into the circulation, which effect was potentiated in cats by β‐adrenergic antagonists. In humans the latter agents did not stimulate the conversion of [14C]‐arachidonate to prostaglandins in the pulmonary circulation and, moreover, inhibited the stimulatory cholinergic effect. The results suggest that an interplay between cholinergic and β‐adrenergic mediators may be involved, although in a different way in cats and in humans, in the release of PGI2‐like activity into the systemic circulation.
Effect of captopril on the cerebral circulation in chronic heart failure
Authors: PAULSON O. B. , JARDEN J. O. , VORSTRUP S. , HOLM S. , GODTFREDSEN J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Cerebral blood flow (CBF) was investigated in 8 patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) (functional class III) and in twelve controls before and after administration of 6·25 mg and 25 mg captopril, respectively. In four controls, CBF was measured by the intracarotid xenon‐133 (133Xe) injection technique using stationary external detectors, while inhalation of 133Xe and single photon emission computer tomography was used in the remaining cases. In the control group, the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen was calculated from measurements of the arterio‐venous oxygen difference as well. Mean CBF was significantly (P < 0·01) lower in the patients with CHF as compared to our controls. Following captopril administration the mean arterial blood pressure decreased in the CHF patients, ranging from 5 to 40%. Three patients showed decreases of blood pressure to values of 56, 65, and 76 mm Hg, but no symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion were elicited. CBF was unchanged after captopril administration, even in the patients showing a marked reduction in blood pressure. In the control group, the blood pressure, CBF and the cerebral metabolic rate for oxygen remained essentially constant following captopril administration.It is concluded that the cerebral circulation is well preserved during captopril treatment of chronic heart failure. This might be explained by a shift of the lower limit of CBF autoregulation towards lower blood pressure levels.
Effect of oral prostaglandin E2 on DNA turnover in gastric and intestinal epithelia of the rat
Authors: JOHANSSON C. , URIBE A. , RUBIO C. , ISENBERG J. I. , Unit G.I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The mucosal incorporation and clearance of a DNA precursor was examined in the rat stomach and intestine following oral treatment with natural prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) or 15(R) 15 methyl prostaglandin E2 (Me PGE2). Control groups received vehicle or pentagastrin. After five days of treatment animals were labelled with methyl‐3H‐thymidine. Groups of rats were killed at 0·75, 24, 72,96 and 120 h after labelling. Treatments continued until killed. Mucosal scrapings were analysed for radioactivity and DNA. Morphometric measurements were performed and plasma levels of gastrin and somatostatin determined.PGE2 and its stable analogue produced hyperplasia within one week of treatment, in particular of the gastric antrum and changed the incorporation and clearance of radioactive thymidine from gastric and intestinal epithelia. The most consistent finding was a delayed elimination of thymidine from the mucosa, indicating a slowing of the DNA turnover. The DNA synthesis was differently affected along the gastrointestinal tract, being unchanged or reduced in the stomach and moderately increased in the intestine.Prostaglandin treatment was associated with a three‐ to ten‐fold increase of the gastric acid contents and with elevated plasma levels of gastrin and somatostatin. It is concluded that E2 prostaglandins produce hyperplasia of gastric and intestinal epithelia in the rat by prolonging the cell survival time rather than by increasing new cell production. Hypergastrinemia is not a likely mediator of trophic actions of E2 prostaglandins, which develop despite elevated plasma levels of somatostatin.
Time‐course of alterations of high density lipoproteins (HDL) during thyroxine administration to hypothyroid women
Authors: VERDUGO CECILIA , PERROT L. , PONSIN G. , VALENTIN CATHERINE , BERTHEZENE FRANÇOIS 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Serum HDL cholesterol, apolipoproteins AI and All and post heparin lipolytic activities (PHLA) have been measured in a group of fourteen hypothyroid women without ovarian oestrogen secretion before and during a 2‐month thyroxine treatment. The more rapid and consistent observed event was a decrease in apo Al levels (164 ± 5 vs. 149±5 mg dl‐1, mean ± SEM, P<0·05) correlated (r=0·79, P<0·05) to a slight increment of PHLA. A slight decrease in apo All concentration was seen only after 5 days (25 ± 2 vs. 22 ± 2 mg dl‐1, P < 0·05) and in HDL cholesterol only after 60 days (1·3±0·6 vs. 1·1±0·5 mmol l‐1, P<0·05).Apo AI, HDL2 and HDL3 cholesterol were measured in another group of seven hypothyroid post‐menopausal women before and after a 2‐month thyroxine treatment. We observed a decrease in HDL2 cholesterol (1·69 ± 0·20 vs. 1·17±0·09 mmol l‐1, P<0·02) with no changes in HDL3 cholesterol (0·88±0·09 vs. 0·99±0·06 mmol l‐1, NS). The decrease in HDL2 cholesterol correlated (r= 0·72, P= 0·05) with that for apo AI.The differential influence of thyroxine (T4) administration on the major HDL components might reflect changes in HDL composition due to the multiple effects of thyroid hormones on lipid metabolism. It can be hypothesized that the decrease in apo AI and HDL2 cholesterol concentrations are due, at least in part, to the increase in hepatic lipase activity.
Transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements in type I diabetic patients for early detection of functional diabetic microangiopathy
Authors: BREUER H.‐W. M. , BREUER J. , BERGER M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeventy‐six type I diabetic patients free of peripheral artery disease and 82 age‐matched healthy volunteers were studied by means of transcutaneous oxygen pressure measurements. Two transcutaneous probes were attached to the skin at the subclavian region and at the supramalleolar region. Basal transcutaneous oxygen pressure values and values during breathing of 5 and 10 1 O2min‐1, the rate of rise of oxygen pressure and the time required from the beginning of the oxygen pressure increase to the achievement of its maximum were recorded, and a regional perfusion index was calculated.Nearly all the measured transcutaneous oxygen parameters showed significant differences between diabetic and control subjects. The differences were most pronounced with the transcutaneous oxygen pressure values during oxygen breathing. Even patients with a diabetes duration of less than 1 year and free of any detectable microangiopathic complication, differed significantly from control subjects. These findings may indicate a microcirculatory disturbance in diabetic patients, which might be considered as the manifestation of a functional diabetic microangiopathy preceeding any morphological alterations of the vasculature in diabetes mellitus.
Improved haemorheology associated with a reduction in plasma fibrinogen and LDL in patients being treated by heparin‐induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP)*
Authors: SCHUFF‐WERNER P. , SCHÜTZ E. , SEYDE W. C. , EISENHAUER TH. , JANNING G. , ARMSTRONG V. W. , SEIDEL D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Heparin‐induced Extracorporeal LDL‐Pre‐cipitation (HELP) is an effective procedure for the elimination of both plasma LDL and fibrinogen.In 10 adult patients with severe type II hyperlipoproteinemia, a single HELP treatment of 3 1 plasma led to an acute decrease in the average plasma viscosity (PV) from 1.30 to 1.1 mPas. At the same time, an even more marked decrease in the mean erythrocyte aggregation rate from a pathological value of 7.9% to a value of 3.7% (normal range <5%) was observed. Long‐term studies on five patients demonstrated a lasting improvement in these two haemorheological variables. The acute rheological changes were also accompanied by an improvement in polarographically determined muscle oxygen tension. Mean oxygen tension values measured in both the m.biceps brachii and the m.tibia‐lis anterior in five patients before and after a single HELP treatment increased from 30.4 to 37.7 mmHg and from 27.2 to 31.3 mmHg respectively.These results may provide an explanation for the rapid improvement in patients' clinical symptoms such as angina pectoris and in stress electrocardiogram which have been observed during HELP therapy.
Hypertension in chronic idiopathic glomerulonephritis: analysis of 311 biopsied patients
Authors: RAMBAUSEK M. , RHEIN CHRISTINE , WALDHERR R. , GOETZ R. , HEIDLAND A. , RITZ E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Prevalence of hypertension and relation of hypertension to renal function, type of glomerulonephritis or histological features were evaluated in 311 patients with idiopathic chronic glomerulonephritis. The overall prevalence of hypertension was 49 8%. At least in women, prevalence of hypertension was increased even at serum creatinine levels < 1.1 mg dl‐1 compared with the local general population. Prevalence of hypertension was 2.12 and 8.6‐fold higher at serum creatinine 1.1–1.4 mg dl‐1 in males and females respectively. In patients with untreated hypertension, a relation was found between mean blood pressure and subsequent decline of estimated GFR.Furthermore, in patients with arterial sclerosis, but not in patients without, a significant relation was found between blood pressure and subsequent increase in serum creatinine.
Isoforms of creatine kinase: MM in the study of skeletal muscle damage
Authors: PAGE S. , JACKSON M. J. , COAKLEY J. , EDWARDS R. H. T. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Isoforms of creatine kinase (CK) MM have been analysed in plasma from normal subjects and patients with muscular dystrophy using isoelectric focusing techniques. Most plasma samples analysed contained three isoforms of CK‐MM of isoelectric points 7.26 (MMI), 6.85 (MMII) and 6.45 (MMIII) although in some plasma samples two additional isoforms of isoelectric points 7.12 and 6.65 were seen. Patients with muscular dystrophy were found to have a generally higher proportion of CK‐MMI in their plasma than normal subjects and this was relatively unaffected by large variations in the total creatine kinase activity. By comparison eccentric exercise in normal subjects was found to result in a large increase in total plasma CK activity which then declined to normal over a period of approximately 6 days. CK‐MMI was found to increase initially followed by CK‐MMII and CK‐MMIII. Analysis of the isoforms in biopsy samples of human muscle revealed the presence of two of the bands found in plasma (CK‐MMI and MMII) and a third muscle specific isoform, while incubation of muscle homogenates in plasma induced the formation of CK‐MMIII and the two isoforms of pi 7.12 and 6.65.It is concluded that analyses of CK‐MM isoforms in human plasma can provide useful information on the extent and relative time course following an episode of muscle damage but that in patients with muscular dystrophy the large variations in plasma CK activity are not reflected in the proportion of CK found in each isoform. This implies that even during the large falls of total CK activity seen in plasma of patients with muscular dystrophy substantial muscle damage is still occurring.
Mobilizable lead in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: KOSTER J. , ERHARDT A. , STOEPPLER M. , MOHL C. , RITZ E. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Blood lead (Pb) and urinary Pb before and after i.v. infusion of 1 g of Na2Ca EDTA were determined (atomic absorption) in 46 control subjects and 91 patients with various stages of renal failure (median serum creatinine 2.5 mg dl‐1). Under baseline conditions, patients with renal failure had higher blood Pb levels (112 ng ml‐1, range 44–272 vs. 76; 36–187 in controls; P<0.001) and lower urinary Pb (16.2 nmol 24 h‐1 1.73 m‐2, 4.86–66.8 vs. 33; 11–91 in controls; P= 0.001). The increment in urinary Pb after EDTA infusion (mobilizable Pb) was higher (795 nmol 4 days‐1 1.73 m‐2, range 155–5611 vs. 307; 131–1587 in controls; P= 0.001). In 12 patients with renal failure (13%) mobilizable Pb was above the highest value in controls. Mobilizable urinary Pb correlated (r= 0.68) significantly (P= 0.001) with blood Pb, but only marginally with serum creatinine (r= 0.32; P < 0.007). Mobilizable Pb was higher in patients with renal failure and a history of smoking or occupational Pb exposure and tended to be higher in patients with alcoholism. Ten of 91 patients had gout; increased mobilizable Pb was present in three of the 10.The data confirm relatively high prevalence of elevated body Pb burden in European patients with chronic renal failure. The question is unresolved whether Pb plays a role in the progression of renal failure.
Risk factors for coronary artery disease: a study comparing hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia in angiographically characterized patients
Authors: BREIER CH. , PATSCH J. R. , MÜHLBERGER V. , DREXEL H. , KNAPP E. , BRAUNSTEINER H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Fifty‐two male patients undergoing coronary angiography were allocated to four groups each consisting of 13 subjects: group I had normal coronary arteries and patients in groups II‐IV exhibited coronary artery disease. In group II, plasma cholesterol was below 250 mg dl‐1 and triglycerides below 160 mg dl‐1; in group III, cholesterol was above 270 mg dl‐1 and triglycerides under 160 mg dl‐1; and in group IV, cholesterol was under 270 mg dl‐1 and triglycerides above 180mgdl‐1.The hypertriglyceridaemic group IV had the highest coronary score. In addition, it had lowest lipoprotein lipase activity, lowest HDL‐cholesterol and lowest high‐density lipoproteins‐2 (HDL‐2) levels, suggesting that this type of hypertriglyceridaemia is caused—at least, in part—by lipoprotein lipase deficiency with impaired removal of the triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins and increased catabolism of HDL‐2. Our findings point towards a type of hypertriglyceridaemia strongly associated with coronary artery disease which should therefore be treated accordingly.
New form of dual porphyria:coexistent acute intermittent porphyria and porphyria cutanea tarda*
Authors: DOSS M. O. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A previously unrecognized form of dual porphyria has been identified in four patients. One male and one female with acute symptoms were diagnosed as having acute intermittent porphyria (AIP), and two males with cutaneous and acute symptoms were diagnosed as having porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT). Biochemically, the excretion of haem precursors showed a complex constellation, with signs characteristic of both AIP and PCT. In one male, a clinical course with both overt PCT and acute manifestations of AIP was observed. Enzyme studies of haem biosynthesis in erythrocytes revealed a dual deficiency, with decreased activity of both porphobilinogen deaminase, as seen in AIP, and uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, as seen in PCT. A family study showed that the two disorders do not consistently segregate together.These findings suggest that the dual porphyria reflects a double heterozygous condition of coexistent AIP and PCT genes in the same subject.
Improved haemorheology associated with a reduction in plasma fibrinogen and LDL in patients being treated by heparin‐induced extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP)*
Authors: SCHUFF‐WERNER P. , SCHÜTZ E. , SEYDE W. C. , EISENHAUER TH. , JANNING G. , ARMSTRONG V. W. , SEIDEL D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Heparin‐induced Extracorporeal LDL‐Pre‐cipitation (HELP) is an effective procedure for the elimination of both plasma LDL and fibrinogen.In 10 adult patients with severe type II hyperlipoproteinemia, a single HELP treatment of 3 1 plasma led to an acute decrease in the average plasma viscosity (PV) from 1.30 to 1.1 mPas. At the same time, an even more marked decrease in the mean erythrocyte aggregation rate from a pathological value of 7.9% to a value of 3.7% (normal range < 5%) was observed. Long‐term studies on five patients demonstrated a lasting improvement in these two haemorheological variables. The acute rheological changes were also accompanied by an improvement in polarographically determined muscle oxygen tension. Mean oxygen tension values measured in both the m.biceps brachii and the m.tibia‐lis anterior in five patients before and after a single HELP treatment increased from 30±4 to 37±7 mmHg and from 27±2 to 31±3 mmHg respectively.These results may provide an explanation for the rapid improvement in patients' clinical symptoms such as angina pectoris and in stress electrocardiogram which have been observed during HELP therapy.
Analysis of cysteinyl leukotrienes in human urine:enhanced excretion in patients with liver cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome*
Authors: HUBER M. , KÄSTNER S. , SCHöLMERICH J. , GEROK W. , KEPPLER D. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The cysteinyl leukotrienes, comprising leuk‐otriene C4 and its metabolites, are biologically most active mediators, eliminated from the blood circulation by the liver and the kidneys. The urine of normal subjects and of patients with hepatic and/or renal failure was analysed for endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes. The leukotriene metabolites were separated by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography and subsequently quantified by radioimmunoassay.Leukotreine E4 was detected in all urine samples analysed. Its mean concentration increased from 0.3 nmol I‐1 in healthy subjects to 0.8 nmol 1‐1in patients with liver cirrhosis. In patients with hepatorenal syndrome leukotriene E4 averaged 7.8 nmol I‐1; in addition, N‐acetyl‐leukotriene E4 was detected in an average amount of 1.5 nmol ‐1. The mean leukotriene E4/creatinine ratio in urine increased from 0.02 in healthy subjects to 0.11 in patients with liver cirrhosis and to 1.2 µmol leukotriene E4 mol‐1 creatinine in patients with hepatorenal syndrome. These results indicate that cysteinyl leukotrienes may play an important role in the mediator network responsible for the development of the hepatorenal syndrome in patients with severe liver disease.
Increased hepatic efficacy of urea synthesis from alanine in insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: ALMDAL T. P. , JENSEN T. , VILSTRUP H. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The relation of urea synthesis rate to blood alanine concentration was assessed in seven healthy controls and in 18 patients with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus (HbAlc = 8.4±1.0% (mean±SD)).Following an overnight fast alanine was infused at 2 mmol h−1 kg−1 body weight. The hourly rate of urea synthesis was determined as the urinary excretion of urea corrected for accumulation of urea in total body water and intestinal hydrolysis. The functional hepatic nitrogen clearance, i.e. the relation of urea synthesis rate to blood alanine concentration, was calculated as the slope of linear regression of urea synthesis rates on blood alanine concentrations.Fasting glucagon concentrations were 85 + 26 ng 1−1 in controls and 161 ±35 ng 1−1 (P<0.01) in patients.The functional hepatic nitrogen clearances were 21.8 ± 4.4 1 h−1 in controls and 44.7±12.41 h−1 (P<0.001) in patients.By multiple step‐wise linear regression analysis the functional hepatic nitrogen clearance was found to correlate independently to fasting glucagon concentration, duration of diabetes, change in blood glucose and insulin following alanine infusion (r2 = 0.74). In a simple linear regression analysis the functional hepatic nitrogen clearance correlated strongly to fasting glucagon concentration (r2 = 0.54).In conclusion the kinetics of urea synthesis in insulin‐dependent diabetes is changed in favour of increased conversion of alanine‐N to urea‐N at any blood amino acid concentration. The increased FHNC correlates strongly with hyperglucagonaemia.