bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
How applicable is the general adaptation syndrome to the unicellular Tetrahymena?
Authors: Csaba György , Pállinger Éva 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHormone receptors, hormones and signal transduction pathways characteristic of higher vertebrates can be observed also in the unicellular Tetrahymena. Previous work showed that stress conditions (starvation, high temperature, high salt concentration, formaldehyde or alcohol treatment) elevated the intracellular level of four hormones (ACTH, endorphin, serotonin and T3). Here, the effect of other stressors (CuSO4 poisoning, tryptophan hydroxylase inhibitor parachlorphenylalanine (PCPA) treatment) on the same and other hormones (epinephrine, insulin, histamine) was studied, using immunocytochemistry and flow cytometric analysis. It was found, that each effect increased the intracellular hormone contents, but some hormones (histamine, T3) were less reactive. Insulin—which is a life‐saving factor for Tetrahymena—itself provoked elevation of hormone amounts in association with a stressor, further increased the level of hormones. It was concluded that the ancestor of Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) can be found already at unicellular level, and this possibly has a life saving function. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse impact of vascular stent “mass effect” on airways
Authors: Ferandos Christine , El‐Said Howaida , Hamzeh Rabih , Moore John W. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectives:To report our experience with bronchial compression secondary to vascular stent implantation within the mediastinum of patients with congenital heart disease.Background:Stents are routinely used to correct native and postsurgical vessel stenoses. However, the “mass effect” of stents on adjacent structures within the chest has not been consistently appreciated nor evaluated.Methods:A retrospective review of patients who had stent implantation and subsequent computerized tomographic angiography (CTA) at Rady Children's Hospital was performed.Results:From August 2005 to November 2007, 147 stents were implanted to correct vessel stenoses within the chests of 120 patients. Among these 120 patients, 21 had CT angiograms performed after stent implantation. Clinical indications for poststent CT imaging included inability to wean from ventilator support, significant coughing episodes, continued hypoxia, and follow‐up study after complex repairs. Six of the twenty one patients (29%) had adverse mass effects from stents causing compression of adjacent bronchial structures. Two of the six patients expired. One patient required a tracheostomy, two patients were slow to wean from the ventilator, while one was clinically asymptomatic. Five of the six patients had had an aortic arch anomaly with subsequent arch reconstruction or hybrid intervention.Conclusions:Stent implantation in vascular structures within the chest may have adverse mass effects on adjacent bronchial structures. Clinical sequelae may range from silent to catastrophic. Pre‐and/or poststent implantation imaging of vascular structures and airways should be considered in selected patients. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pneumopericardial tamponade resulting from a spontaneous gastropericardial fistula
Authors: Bruhl Steven R. , Lanka Kiranmayee , Colyer William R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPneumopericardium is a rare but serious cause of morbidity and mortality. Untreated, it can lead to cardiac tamponade and thus must be promptly identified to treat the underlying etiology. Here, we report a case of spontaneous pneumopericardium secondary to gastric ulcer perforation in association with a hiatal hernia. The diagnosis of pneumopericardium was first made under fluoroscopy during cardiac catheterization and a follow‐up CT of the chest revealed a gastropericardial fistula as the initiating event. The patient underwent emergent thoracotomy and partial esophagogastrectomy which eventually resulted in a full recovery and discharge on postoperative day 19. Our unique experience with this rare and often fatal disease suggests that early diagnosis combined with an early and aggressive surgical strategy is critical for minimizing morbidity and mortality. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High Throughput Screening for the Design and Optimization of Chromatographic Processes: Automated Optimization of Chromatographic Phase Systems
Authors: Susanto A. , Treier K. , Knieps‐Grünhagen E. , von Lieres E. , Hubbuch J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChromatographic processes can be optimized in various ways. However, the two most prominent approaches are either based on statistical data analysis or on experimentally validated simulation models. Both approaches heavily rely on experimental data, the generation of which usually imposes a significant bottleneck on rational process design. Hence, here a closed‐loop optimization strategy is proposed in that an automated high throughput liquid handling platform is combined with a genetic algorithm. This setup enables process optimization on the mini‐scale and thus saves time as well as material costs. The practicability and robustness of the proposed high throughput method is demonstrated with two exemplary optimization tasks: first, optimization of the buffer composition in the capture step for a binary protein mixture (lysozyme and cytochrome), and second, optimization of multilinear gradient elution for the separation of a ternary mixture (ribonuclease and cytochrome, and lysozyme).
Hydrodynamics of a Novel Biomass Autothermal Fast Pyrolysis Reactor: Flow Pattern and Pressure Drop
Authors: Zhang H.‐Y. , Xiao R. , Pan Q.‐W. , Song Q.‐L. , Huang H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA novel biomass, autothermal, fast pyrolysis reactor with a draft tube and an internal dipleg dividing the reactor into two interconnected beds is proposed. This internally interconnected fluidized beds (IIFB) reactor is designed to produce high‐quality bio‐oil using catalysts. Meanwhile, the pyrolysis by‐products, i.e., char, coke and non‐condensable gases, are expected to burn in the combustion bed to provide the heat for the pyrolysis. On the other hand, the catalysts can be regenerated simultaneously. In this study, experiments on the hydrodynamics of a cold model IIFB reactor are reported. Geldart group B and D sand particles were used as the bed materials. The effects of spouting and fluidizing gas velocities, particle size, static bed height and the total pressure loss coefficient of the pyrolysis bed exit, on the flow patterns and pressure drops of the two interconnected beds are studied. Six distinct flow patterns, i.e., fixed bed (F), periodic spouted/bubbling bed (PS/B), spouted bed with aeration (SA), spout‐fluidized bed (SF), spout‐fluidized bed with slugging (SFS) and spouted bed with backward jet (SBJ) are identified. The investigations on the pressure drops of the two beds show that both of them are seen to increase at first (mainly in the F flow pattern), then to decrease (mainly in the PS/B and SA flow patterns) and finally to increase again (mainly in the SA and SF flow patterns), with the increase of the spouting gas velocity. It is observed that a larger particle size and lower static bed height lead to lower pressure drops of the two beds.
New Attempt to Reduce the Harm of Smoking: Reducing the Nitrosamines Level in Tobacco Smoke by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Gao Ling , Wang Ying , Xu Jia Hui , Xu Yang , Cao Yi , Yun Zhi Yu , Hong Chao , Zhu Jian Hua 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn order to protect the environment and public health, microwave irradiation was investigated as a means of reducing the nitrosamines level of tobacco smoke under mild conditions where the microwave energy was 1 kW and the irradiation time was shorter than 2 min. The microwave‐induced elimination of nitrosamines such as N‐nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and N‐nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPA) was investigated and the impact of the presence of water and salt in the medium on the reduction was assessed in detail. The existence of water in the medium was crucial for the microwave‐induced reduction of NDPA, because the rapid movement of water molecules under the influence of microwaves strongly affects the adjacent nitrosamines leading to their decomposition. This was the first time that microwaves have been used to directly irradiate cigarettes sealed in their packaging, and the nitrosamines content of tobacco and smoke of these irradiated cigarettes were analyzed with care. Irradiation for 90 s with microwave energy of 1kW was seen to reduce 25 to 30% of the nitrosamines in tobacco and 50 to 60% of the levels present in the mainstream smoke of the cigarette. Moreover, lower mutagenic activity and higher CHO cell livability were found for the irradiated cigarettes in comparison with the control according to the results of in vitro tests.
Chemical Characterization of Biosolids from Three Spanish WWTPs: Transfer of Organics and Metallic Pollution from Urban Wastewater to Biosolids
Authors: Galvín Rafael Marín , Cardenete López Juan Manuel , Rodríguez Mellado José Miguel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe production of biosolids in three Spanish wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) has been investigated. Biosolids produced from the treatment of urban wastewater in Spain are usually intended for agricultural use. The reliable production of biosolids mainly depends on both the quantity of suspended solids and the organic load influent to the treatment systems. The quality of the generated biosolids was independent of both the amount of treated water and the treatment process applied, with 20 to 25% dried matter, and 60 to 75%, 7% and 4% of organic matter, N and P, respectively, of the total matter. The biosolids contained ca. 11 to 19 g/kg of total metals in the dry matter, with Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn representing 97% of all of the metals present, and Hg being the minority metal. Such biosolids had the ability to concentrate the organic matter and metals from the wastewater up to 417 and 869 times, respectively, and thus, can be used in agricultural practice.
Studies on the Removal of Iron from Drinking Water by Electrocoagulation – A Clean Process
Authors: Vasudevan Subramanyan , Lakshmi Jothinathan , Sozhan Ganapathy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study describes an electrocoagulation process for the removal of iron from drinking water using magnesium as the anode and galvanized iron as the cathode. Experiments were carried out as a function of pH, temperature and current density. The adsorption capacity was evaluated using both the Langmuir and the Freundlich isotherm models. The results show that the maximum removal efficiency of 98.4% was achieved at a current density of 0.06 A dm–2, at a pH of 6.0. The adsorption of iron was better explained by fitting the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, which suggests a monolayer coverage of adsorbed molecules. The adsorption process followed a second‐order kinetics model. Temperature studies showed that adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous in nature.
Phase 2 open‐label study of single‐agent sorafenib in treating advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B–endemic Asian population
Authors: Yau Thomas , Chan Pierre , Ng Kelvin K. , Chok Sin Ho , Cheung Tan To , Fan Sheung Tat , Poon Ronnie T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:The current study was a phase 2 open–label study to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of single‐agent sorafenib in the treatment of advanced HCC patients in a hepatitis B–endemic Asian population.METHODS:Patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) received sorafenib at a dose of 400 mg twice daily in 4‐week cycles. Tumor response was assessed every 3 cycles using Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criteria.RESULTS:Fifty‐one patients were enrolled in the study and were treated with sorafenib for at least 12 weeks. The median age was 56 years (range, 28‐79 years). Approximately 90% had hepatitis B virus–related HCC. Thirty‐six (71%) patients had underlying Child‐Pugh A cirrhosis, 13 (26%) Child‐Pugh B, and 2 (3%) Child‐Pugh C. Four (8%) patients achieved partial responses, and 9 (18%) patients had stable disease for at least 12 weeks. The median overall survival was 5 months (range, 4‐17 months). Patients without extrahepatic spread, particularly without lung metastasis (P<.01), are more likely to benefit from sorafenib treatment. The most common toxicities were diarrhea (67%), malaise (55%), and hand‐foot‐skin reaction (54%). The majority of patients had transient liver function derangement. Patients with and without underlying portal vein thrombosis had similar therapeutic benefits and likewise shared a similar treatment‐related toxicity profile with sorafenib treatment.CONCLUSIONS:Single‐agent sorafenib demonstrates good efficacy and acceptable tolerability in treating an advanced HCC patient population in a hepatitis B–endemic area. The presence of lung metastasis predicts poor response to sorafenib in advanced HCC patients. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Genetic susceptibility of lung cancer associated with common variants in the 3′ untranslated regions of the adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) and ABCC1 candidate transporter genes for carcinogen export
Authors: Wang Haijian , Jin Guangfu , Wang Haifeng , Liu Gaifen , Qian Ji , Jin Li , Wei Qingyi , Shen Hongbing , Huang Wei , Lu Daru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Tobacco‐specific nitrosamine 4‐(methylnitrosamino)‐1‐(3‐pyridyl)‐1‐butanone (NKK) is a well defined carcinogen that can induce lung cancer. Genetic polymorphisms in its disposition pathways could modify the risk of developing lung cancer. The authors of this report previously catalogued the sequence variations of the adenosine triphosphate‐binding cassette B1 (ABCB1) and ABCC1 candidate transporter genes for carcinogen export in the Chinese population and screened out common variants with potential function in their 5′ flanking and 3′ untranslated regions. The objective of the current study was to test the hypothesis that these common variants are associated with lung cancer risk.METHODS:The genotyping analyses for 6 common regulatory variants (reference single‐nucleotide polymorphism 4728709 [rs4728709] and rs2188524 in the 5′ flanking region of ABCB1 and rs3842 in its 3′ untranslated region; rs3743527, rs212090, and rs212091 in the 3′ untranslated region of ABCC1) was conducted in a case‐control study of 500 patients with incident lung cancer and 517 cancer‐free controls in a Chinese population.RESULTS:Compared with the wild adenosine/adenosine (A/A) genotype, the variant rs3842 genotype (adenosine/guanosine [A/G] + G/G) of ABCB1 was associated with a statistically significant increased risk of developing lung cancer (odds ratio [OR]. 1.36; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.06‐1.76). Also evident was the association between cancer susceptibility and the variant rs212090 genotype (adenosine/thymidine [A/T] + T/T) of ABCC1 (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.83). Haplotype‐based association analysis also emphasized that 2 common haplotypes carrying the culprit alleles of the 2 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms were associated with an increased risk of cancer. In addition, stratification analysis demonstrated a remarkable association of ABCB1 rs3842 with the risk of cancer manifested in women (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 1.36‐4.85), in the histologic type of adenocarcinoma (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03‐1.99), and in individuals aged <60 years (OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.05‐2.14).CONCLUSIONS:The current study demonstrated that common polymorphisms in the 3′ untranslated region of ABCB1 and ABCC1 may contribute to the etiology of lung cancer, providing further support for the hypothesis that genetic components in the metabolism and the disposition of NNK may modify the risk of lung cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma among women. Functional studies are warranted to elucidate whether aberrant expression and dysfunction of ABC transporters for carcinogen export may play a role in the development of lung cancer. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Autoantibodies in autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I patients react with major brain neurotransmitter systems
Authors: Fetissov Sergueï O. , Bensing Sophie , Mulder Jan , Le Maitre Erwan , Hulting Anna‐Lena , Harkany Tibor , Ekwall Olov , Sköldberg Filip , Husebye Eystein S. , Perheentupa Jaakko , Rorsman Fredrik , Kämpe Olle , Hökfelt Tomas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPatients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1) often display high titers of autoantibodies (autoAbs) directed against aromatic L‐amino acid decarboxylase (AADC), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Neurological symptoms, including stiff‐man syndrome and cerebellar ataxia, can occur in subjects with high levels of GAD autoAbs, particularly when patient sera can immunohistochemically stain γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) neurons. However, it was not known if APS1 sera can also stain major monoamine systems in the brain. Therefore, in this work we applied sera from 17 APS1 patients known to contain autoAbs against AADC, TH, TPH, and/or GAD to rat brain sections and processed the sections according to the sensitive immunohistochemical tyramide signal amplification method. We found that autoAbs in sera from 11 patients were able to stain AADC‐containing dopaminergic, serotonergic, and noradrenergic as well as AADC only (D‐group) neurons and fibers in the rat brain, in several cases with a remarkably high quality and sensitivity (dilution up to 1:1,000,000); and, since they are human antibodies, they offer a good opportunity for performing multiple‐labeling experiments using antibodies from other species. Six APS1 sera also stained GABAergic neuronal circuitries. Similar results were obtained in the mouse and primate brain. Our data demonstrate that many APS1 sera can immunostain the major monoamine and GABA systems in the brain. Only in a few cases, however, there was evidence that these autoAbs can be associated with neurological manifestations in APS1 patients, as, e.g., shown in previous studies in stiff‐man syndrome. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:1–20, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Components and properties of the G3 ganglion cell circuit in the rabbit retina
Authors: Hoshi Hideo , Mills Stephen L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEach point on the retina is sampled by about 15 types of ganglion cell, each of which is an element in a circuit also containing specific types of bipolar cell and amacrine cell. Only a few of these circuits are well characterized. We found that intracellular injection of Neurobiotin into a specific ganglion cell type targeted by fluorescent markers also stained an asymmetrically branching ganglion cell. It was also tracer‐coupled to an unusual type of amacrine cell whose dendrites were strongly asymmetric, coursing in a narrow bundle from the soma in the dorsal direction only. The dendritic field of the ganglion cell stratifies initially in sublamina b (the ON layers), but with few specializations and branches, and then more extensively in sublamina a (the OFF layers) at the level of the processes of the coupled amacrine cell. Intersections of the ganglion and amacrine cell processes contain puncta immunopositive for Cx36. Additionally, we found that the dopaminergic amacrine cell makes contact with both the ganglion cell and the amacrine cell, and that a bipolar cell immunopositive for calbindin synapses onto the sublamina b processes of the ganglion cell. Dopamine D1 receptor activation reduced tracer flow to the amacrine cells. We have thus targeted and characterized two poorly understood retinal cell types and placed them with two other cell types in a substantial portion of a new retinal circuit. This unique circuit comprised of pronounced asymmetries in the ganglion cell and amacrine cell dendritic fields may result in a substantial orientation bias. J. Comp. Neurol. 513:69–82, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Experimental determination of laws of color harmony. Part 3: Harmony content of different hue pairs
Authors: Nemcsics Antal 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAt the Budapest University of Technology and Economics in 1956, we decided to start large‐scale experiments on color harmony. The experiments and the processing of the experimental data were completed in 2006. The experiments described in this article were based on a long established experience that harmony content of different hue pairs greatly differ from each other. The vast majority of former research activities on the subject of color harmony narrowed down mostly to investigations of saturated color pairs. Color samples of our experiments have been defined within the color space of the Coloroid color system, built on harmony thresholds. The compositions, prepared for the experiments, always consisted of two saturated hues and three low saturation colors of each hue at varying brightness, making it a total of eight colors. Within the framework of the experiments, 48 hues were used. Out of these, each of the 24 was formed into composition pairs with the remaining 48 hues, forming a total of 852 compositions. The paired‐comparison experiments were conducted with the use of the compositions prepared by collage technique. Color samples made of painted paper, between 1980 and 1985, have been repeated between 2002 and 2006 with the same color selection but with computer‐generated pseudorandom patch system compositions. It has been established that harmony content of hue pairs can be expressed by the relative angle of their hue planes in the Coloroid color space. The harmony content of hue pairs exceeds that of other pairs, when this angle is below 10°, between 30° and 40°, between 130° and 140° or near to 180°. Those color pairs of which hue planes are between 60° and 90° to each other in Coloroid color space, exhibit the least harmony content. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 33–44, 2009.
Using Appearance Maps drawn from goniocolorimetric profiles to predict sensory appreciation of red and blue paints
Authors: Eterradossi Olivier , Perquis Stéphane , Mikec Véronique 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this article, we test the ability of a sensorialy calibrated version of Appearance Maps, a recently suggested tool based on Multidimensional Scaling and Procrustes Analysis, to understand and predict the sensory evaluation of automotive paints by trained subjects. This tool has been applied to a set of 13 industrial samples representing three shades: two effect shades, both at 4 levels of quality, and one solid shade at 5 levels of quality, which were evaluated for their overall appearance relative to the distinctness of image and the “Orange Peel” effect. The results of descriptive analysis performed on the samples by a panel of 15 trained panelists (paint experts and sensory assessors) are compared with information taken from the maps. One of the Appearance Map coordinates is shown to correlate well with mean sensory evaluations. Different relations (either sigmoid curves or power laws) between map coordinate considered as a stimulus and sensory scores taken as perception are found for the different shades, and comments on possible similarities between the observed relations and known models are made. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 68–74, 2009.