bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Changes in phenolic metabolites of Scots‐pine phloem induced by Ophiostoma brunneo‐ciliatum, a bark‐beetle‐associated fungus
Authors: Lieutier F. , Sauvard D. , Brignolas F. , Picron V. , Yart A. , Bastien C. , Jay‐Allemand C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryChanges in soluble phenol contents of Scots‐pine (Pinus sylvestris) phloem were studied after inoculation with Ophiostoma brunneo‐ciliatum, a fungus associated with Ips sexdentatus. They were compared to the length of the fungus‐induced reaction zone of the phloem, taken as an estimation for the trees' response efficiency against aggression.Five clones consisting of 14 trees were studied, and eight soluble phenolic metabolites were analysed in detail in reaction zones and in unwounded phloem sampled 3 weeks after inoculation.The stilbenes pinosylvin and pinosylvin monomethylether, and the flavonoid pinocembrin, were detected in reaction zones only. Concentrations of two p‐coumaric‐acid esters and an acetophenone glycoside decreased after inoculation. Variations of the flavonoids taxifolin and 3' taxifolin glucoside were inconsistent.One tree had longer reaction zones and a phenolic content different from the others. In unwounded phloem, concentrations of some phenolic compounds and in particular the ratio between the two p‐coumaric‐acid esters could be markers for trees' response efficiency. In the reaction zone, markers could be the ratios between concentrations of certain preformed compounds and concentrations of newly synthesized pinosylvin and pinocembrin.
Random amplified microsatellites (RAMS) — a novel method for characterizing genetic variation within fungi
Authors: Hantula J. , Dusabenyagasani M. , Hamelin R. C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA novel method, Random Amplified Microsatellites (RAMS, due to the nature of amplified markers as two randomly amplified microsatellites with the intervening sequence), was applied to generate DNA markers in a variety of fungi (Armillaria cepistipes, Gremmeniella abietina, Heterobasidion annosum, Pbytophthora cactorum, Phlebiopsis gigantea, and Stereum sanguinolentum). It is based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and uses primers containing microsatellite sequences and degenerate anchors at the 5' end. The method is highly reproducible, applicable to all tested fungal species including members of the Phycomycetes, Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes, and allows detection of interspecific and intraspecific DNA‐polymorphisms.
F group of Heterobasidion annosum found in Poland
Authors: Lakomy P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe F intersterility group of Heterobasidion annosum, specialized to Abies species and earlier reported from southern parts of Europe, was identified from Abies alba and Picea abies in the Carpathian Mountains in southern Poland, close to northern limit of the natural distribution of A. alba. However, the fungus is not common in this area and seems to be primarily a saprophyte, growing on stumps and dead trees.
Structure‐activity relationships of some congeners of 4‐phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid against aspen decay and stain fungi
Authors: Trifonov L. S. , Ayer W. A. , Chakravarty P. , Hiratsuka Y. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Phellinus tremulae is the most important decay fungus on Populus tremuloides. In forest industries using aspen wood chips, two blue‐stain fungi Ophiostoma crassivaginatum and Ophiostoma piliferum cause considerable reduction in the value of the end product. Thirty‐eight homologues and analogues of 4‐phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid were studied against P. tremulae, O. crassivaginatum, and O. piliferum. Varied inhibition of the in vitro growth of these fungi was observed at 1–1000 μg/ml. The wood‐chip colonization by P. tremulae was not affected by the six most active compounds at 1 μg/ml, however, at 10 and 100 μg/ml the growth of P. tremulae on wood chips was totally arrested. 4‐Phenyl‐3‐butenoic acid and 4‐phenyl‐3‐butynoic acid prevented blue‐stain development on wood chips at 1 μg/ml.
A trial of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate for the control of Heterobasidion annosum
Authors: Pratt J. E. , Quill K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe extent of heartwood infection of Sitka spruce Picea sitchensis stumps following inoculation with basidiospores of Heterobasidion annosum was significantly reduced by application of 2% and 4% solutions of disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) immediately after felling. Infection of sapwood was so rare in all treatments, including controls, that the effectiveness of DOT in this tissue could not be judged. The results of this trial suggest that DOT may be toxic to H. annosum at lower levels of borate loading than previously thought possible. Over the 10 months of the experiment the borate loading in the stumps appeared to reach an equilibrium that was independent of the initial concentration applied. Stump‐surface fruiting of Melanotus proteus, a potential fungal competitor of H. annosum, was not inhibited by these treatments.
Growth and ultrastructural modifications to chestnut calli induced by culture filtrates of virulent and hypovirulent Cryphonectria parasitica strains
Authors: Piagnani C. , Faoro F. , Sant S. , Vercesi A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCallus cultures of two susceptible Castanea sativa cultivars, ‘Garrone rosso’ and ‘Clone 71’ were grown on culture medium supplemented to 50% with culture filtrates (CFs) from E4 virulent (E4‐V) or E13 hypovirulent (E13‐H) Cryphonectria parasitica strain, respectively. E13‐H CFs caused a reduction in fresh weight and an increase in dry weight on calli of both genotypes. E4‐V CFs did not induce any modification of these parameters compared with the control, but fresh weight of ‘Clone 71’ was reduced. Light and electron microscopy observation showed the presence of large osmiophilic aggregates in the vacuoles and, sometimes, the ruptured tonoplast in the E4‐V treated calli. Calli grown on El 3‐H CFs had a meristematic‐like appearance, with small, scarcely vacuolated cells containing altered mitochondria and plasmalemma proliferations.
Interactions between Agrobacterium tumefaciens and coniferous defence compounds α‐pinene and trans‐stilbene
Authors: Aronen T. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe ability of Agrobacterium species to infect gymnosperms is generally poor, but as a gene transfer vector Agrobacterium would have several advantages. This study characterizes interactions between coniferous defence compounds, a monoterpene α‐pinene and a phenolic constituent trans‐stilbene, and Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Of the chemical constituents studied, α‐pinene in doses equal to the concentrations found in wounded trees prevented the growth of A. tumefaciens. Neither α‐pinene nor trans‐stilbene inhibited virulence gene induction in A. tumefaciens, but both compounds caused a reduction in the frequency of gall formation in susceptible woody model plants (birch seedlings) when applied after the vir‐induction. This effect was smaller with the strain A281(pTVK291) containing extra copies of the virA, virB, virG, and virC genes than with the wild‐type strain A28l. The efficiency of Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation in a model gymnosperm, Scots pine, could not be enhanced by using the strains containing a constitutive mutant of virG gene or extra copies of virA and virG. The results suggest that the inefficiency of Agrobacterium spp. in infecting many conifers is not the result of insufficient vir‐gene induction but rather is the result of interference by chemical defence compounds during the later stages of T‐DNA‐transformation.
Phytopbthora cactorum on walnut seedlings in Italian nurseries
Authors: Belisario A. , Caciola S. O. , Magnano Disan Lio G. 
Published: June 2007

Summary Phytophthora cactorum was consistently isolated from basal stem tissues of walnut seedlings affected by collar and root rot. The isolates were identified on the basis of morphological and cultural characteristics and of electrophoretic patterns in polyacrylamide slab gels of total native mycelial proteins and isozymes (arylesterase, malate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase). The electrophoretic phenotypes of walnut isolates were identical or very similar to those of P. cactorum isolates from different hosts (apple, loquat, pineapple‐guava and strawberry). In pathogenicity tests, P. cactorum isolates from walnut proved to be highly pathogenic for seedlings of English walnut (Juglans regia) and moderately pathogenic for seedlings of eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra); moreover, they did not rot apple seedlings, suggesting host‐specificity. Poor soil drainage and excessive irrigation can be considered as predisposing factors to collar and root rot incited by P. cactorum.
Leaf necrosis and sucker and twig dieback of Alnus glutinosa incited by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.
Authors: Scortichini M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn central Italy, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae was isolated from Alnus glutinosa that showed, in spring, leaf necrosis and also sucker and twig dieback. The trees were located near a lake and a stream. Biochemical tests were consistent with those characterizing the pathovar. Pathogenicity tests yielded necrotic lesions on A. glutinosa and Syringa vulgaris leaves and also on lemon and orange fruits. In addition, whole‐cell protein profiles of the isolates and P. s. pv. syringae reference strains were identical. Some isolates showed positive ice‐nucleation activity. This is the first record of this pathogen on black alder.
Characterization of Cryphonectria parasitica strains by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique and conventional methods
Authors: Wronski R. , Kudera U. , Wlhelm E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn recent years damage to Austrian Castanea sativa populations caused by Cryphonectria parasitica has increased. A total of 34 isolates out of 13 observation plots of this phytopathogen in the south‐east of Austria were examined for laccase activity, virulence, number of vegetative compatibility groups and for the existence of hypovirulence associated dsRNA. Furthermore, the applicability of the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique for investigating population structure was tested. Small dsRNA fragments were found in two Austrian strains. The same two strains exhibited reduced virulence. Seven vegetative compatibility groups were found in the areas examined. RAPD analysis proved to be an efficient method for distinguishing between different C. parasitica genotypes.
The effect of acid rain treatments on the susceptibility of Pinus sylvestris to Gremmeniella abietina
Authors: Vuorinen M. , Uotila A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryScots pine (Pinus sylvestris) seedlings were planted in a nursery bed 20 cm thick. The substrate had been removed from an illuvial horizon in the soil underlying a stand of Scots pine in Finland, which had suffered from severe infection by Gremmeniella abietina. The seedlings were irrigated for 3 years, applying three pH levels (2.5, 3.5, and 4.5) using sulphuric acid, nitric acid, and a 3:1 mixture of sulphuric and nitric acid. The pH of the pure water used in the control treatment was 6.1–6.4. The seedlings were inoculated with the conidiospores of G. abietina to find out their susceptibility to infection with the Scleroderris canker disease.Because to the adequacy of its buffering capacity, the soil was observed to become more acidic only in the treatments at pH 2.5. The concentrations of extractable Ca and Mg cations decreased while the concentration of Al and Fe increased with soil acidification during the 3‐year experiment. Acidification did not increase the susceptibility of Scots pine to infection by the Scleroderris canker. Seedling growth was at its maximum in the acidification treatments where most nitrogen was added.
Susceptibility of different provenances ofPinus sylvestris, Pinus ContortaandPicea abiestoGremmeniella abietina
Authors: Hansson P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn a randomized block factorial experiment, 1200 seedlings from four provenances, each ofPinus sylvestris, Pinus contortaandPicea abieswere inoculated with conidia (2 × 104and 1 × 106conidia/seedling) ofGremmeniella abietina (Brunchorstia pinea), isolated fromP. contortaplantations in northern Sweden. A further 600 seedlings were left as controls. The occurrence of symptoms and the extension of dead tissues on the annual shoots were recorded 13 months after inoculation. Only the higher spore dose resulted in significant infection.P. sylvestrisandP. contortaseedlings were equally susceptible (53% infected), and significantly more infected thanP. abiesseedlings (39%). The annual shoots ofP. sylvestrisandP. abieswere affected to 43% and 37% of their length, which was significantly more than 15% of the length of P.Contortashoots. The frequency of affected seedlings differed between the most southern and northern provenances ofP. sylvestrisandP. abies, and between the northwestern and the south‐eastern provenance of P.contortaTwenty‐six months after inoculation, a higher proportion ofP. contortaseedlings thanP. sylvestrisandP. abiesseedlings had recovered, and a lower proportion ofP. contortathanP. sylvestrisandP. abiesseedlings had died. This paper discusses whyP. sylvestriswas found to be more susceptible toG. abietinathanP. contortain this experiment, while the reverse is found in plantations in northern Sweden.
Tree vigour and the susceptibility of Douglas fir to Armillaria root disease
Authors: Rosso P. , Hansen E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this study the effects of thinning, fertilization and pruning on the vigour of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and its susceptibility to Armillaria root disease were explored. Tree vigour was defined as the relative capacity for tree growth, expressed as the above‐ground biomass increment per unit of photosynthetic tissue, or growth efficiency (GE). It has been hypothesized that trees with higher GE can better resist pathogen attack, and that GE can be used as a predictor of tree susceptibility to disease. In a previous study, four Douglas fir plantations were thinned, fertilized and pruned in all combinations, and the effects of these treatments on tree vigour were measured after 10 years. Root disease was not a factor in the initial study design, and mortality was ignored until 8 years after the treatments were applied. The results of an earlier study were utilized and the correlation between Armillaria root disease incidence and the effects of earlier stand treatments on tree growth was tested. Armillaria ostoyae was the primary mortality agent in the study area. Disease incidence on infested subplots ranged from 2 to 20%. Armillaria ostoyae incidence was the highest at medium tree density (6.1%), slightly lower on the low density (5.6%), and lowest on the unthinned plots (3.8%). There were no significant correlations between disease incidence and previous tree growth. The vigour of trees that became symptomatic or died by 1993 was not significantly different in 1983–85 from the vigour of trees that remained asymptomatic. On these sites, in areas of infestation, A. ostoyae is killing the largest, fastest growing trees, as well as less vigorous trees. Armillaria continues to cause mortality, regardless of the growth efficiency or growth rate of the host.
Accumulation of a porin‐like mRNA and a metallothionein‐like mRNA in various clones of Norway spruce upon long‐term treatment with ozone
Authors: Buschmann K. , Etscheid M. , Riesner D. , Scholz F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn a long‐term study six Norway spruce (Picea abies) clones from two different provenance regions were exposed to 150/μg/m3 and 300μg/m3 ozone in open top chambers. Differential screening of subtractive cDNA libraries made from mRNA of ozone‐treated trees identified several cDNA clones of ozone‐responsive genes, two of which were studied in more detail. One cDNA clone corresponded to a porin‐like mRNA, the other to a metallothionein‐like mRNA. Under moderate ozone exposure the accumulation of these two mRNAs was already detectable before damage symptoms became visible. The spruce clones varied in the level of accumulation for the mRNAs. This is discussed under the aspect of ozone‐induced early senescence rather than a defense reaction suppressing symptoms, because the two phenotypically most ozone‐‘tolerant’ spruce clones showed the lowest levels of accumulation for both mRNAs.
Relating germination dynamics of Melampsora pinitorqua teliospores to temperature and rainfall during overwintering
Authors: Desprez‐Loustau M.‐L. , Capron G. , Dupuis F. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe influence of overwintering conditions on the dynamics of Melampsora pinitorqua teliospore germination in spring was assessed in the Landes forest (south‐western France), over 3 years. January accumulated temperature was the variable most strongly linked to the date of optimum germinability (JDOG), in a negative direction. A linear regression using accumulated degree‐days and number of rainy days in January accounted for nearly 70% of overall variation in JDOG. Accumulated temperature from October 1 and January 1 to the date of optimum germinability showed lower coefficients of variation than JDOG. The best predictions of JDOG in an independent data set were obtained by using the accumulated temperature from January 1 to the date of optimum germinability or a linear regression based on accumulated temperature in January. The mean square root error of prediction was approximately 5 days. The ecological significance of the temperature‐dependent model is discussed in relation to the synchronization of rust and pine phenologies.
The 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 expression may enhance the sensitivity to non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug‐induced apoptosis in colorectal cancers from patients who are treated with the compounds
Authors: Yoshinaga Masahiro , Murao Hiroyuki , Kitamura Yosuke , Koga Koutaro , Tsuruta Satoru , Igarashi Hisato , Nakamura Kazuhiko , Takayanagi Ryoichi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent colorectal cancer (CRC), but their effect is limited. Recent studies have shown the involvement of 15‐lipoxygenase‐1 (15‐LOX‐1) in NSAID‐induced apoptosis in colorectal carcinoma cells. We evaluate whether 15‐LOX‐1 expression influences the sensitivity of NSAID‐induced apoptosis in CRCs.Methods:  In 22 CRC surgical samples from NSAID users who had been constant for more than 5 years and 28 CRC surgical samples from NSAID non‐users, the expressions of 15‐LOX‐1, cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2), beta‐catenin, and p53 were analyzed using immunohistochemistry. TUNEL assay was also performed for samples. The effects of the transient transfection of 15‐LOX‐1 cDNA on indomethacin‐induced apoptosis were certified in HCT‐116 cells. The effects of adding 13‐S‐hydroxyoctadecadinoic acid (13‐S‐HODE) on indomethacin‐induced apoptosis were also examined in HCT‐116 cells. The levels of apoptosis were determined by the analysis of the floating‐cells ratio and DNA gel electrophoresis.Results:  The expression of 15‐LOX‐1 on CRCs from NSAID users was significantly decreased compared with those from NSAID non‐users; however, the expressions of other molecules were not significantly different between two groups. The levels of TUNEL scoring in samples from NSAID users were similar to those from NSAID non‐users. Indomethacin (100 μM) induced less apoptosis in mocked cells, whereas the same concentrations of indomethacin enhanced the level of apoptosis in 15‐LOX‐1‐transfected cells. 13‐S‐HODE also increased the level of indomethacin‐induced apoptosis in cells.Conclusion:  Results suggest that 15‐LOX‐1 expression may be one of the mechanisms which enhance the sensitivity to NSAID‐induced apoptosis in CRCs from patients who are treated with the compounds.
Role of ISGF3 in modulating the anti‐hepatitis B virus activity of interferon‐alpha in vitro
Authors: Zhang Quan , Wang Yan , Wei Lai , Jiang Dong , Wang Jiang Hua , Rao Hui Ying , Zhu Ling , Chen Hongsong , Fei Ran , Cong Xu 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Although interferon‐α (IFN‐α) is an effective treatment for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, its precise mechanism of action has not been identified. In this study, we investigated the role of signal transduction pathways in the activation of anti‐HBV responses mediated by IFN‐α.Methods:  Using an oligo microarray, we found that four genes in the IFN‐α signal pathway were markedly upregulated by IFN‐α in human hepatoma cells regardless of whether they had been transfected with a plasmid containing the HBV genome: signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), interferon regulatory factor‐9 (IRF‐9, also called ISGF3γ or P48), IFN‐α‐inducible protein 15 (IFI‐15) and IFN‐α‐inducible protein 6–16 (IFI‐6‐16). We also investigated the role of IFN‐stimulated gene factor3 (ISGF3) complex in IFN‐α‐mediated anti‐HBV responses in human hepatoma cells by measuring the mRNA of the three genes within ISGF3 (STAT1, STAT2 and IRF‐9) using semiquantitative reverse‐transcription PCR (RT‐PCR), and expression of the three proteins by western blot, and the mRNA and protein of dsRNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR).Results:  STAT1, STAT2, IRF‐9 and PKR mRNA as well as protein levels were upregulated by IFN‐α treatment. When cells were pretreated with genistein, STAT1, STAT2 and IRF‐9 mRNA levels remained unchanged after IFN‐α stimulation, but PKR mRNA levels decreased, and the expression of the STAT1, P‐STAT2, IRF‐9 and PKR proteins decreased. Levels of HBV DNA decreased in the supernatants of cells treated with IFN‐α, while ISGF3 levels increased. The quantity of HBV DNA remained unchanged by pretreating with genistein.Conclusions:  These observations suggested that the Janus tyrosine kinase–STAT (JAK‐STAT) pathway may play a major role in mediating the effects of IFN‐α against HBV, and that ISGF3 might be a key factor.
Prospective multicenter clinical trial of Uretex Sup for surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Cortesse Ariane , Jacquetin Bernard , Grise Philippe , Le Normand Loïc , Richard François , Haab François 
Published: June 2007

Aim:  To evaluate in a prospective multicenter study the efficacy and safety of the suburethral support Uretex (Sofradim, Trevoux, France) delivered by a suprapubic approach in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence.Methods:  Between March 2002 and March 2003, 57 patients were treated for stress urinary incontinence with Uretex. Preoperative evaluation included urodynamic examination and questionnaires (symptoms and quality of life, Contilife). Forty patients had pure stress urinary incontinence and 17 mixed urinary incontinence. No associated procedure was performed. The objective cure rate was evaluated by clinical examination and pad‐test, and the subjective cure rate was assessed through questionnaires at 1, 3 and 12 months.Results:  The mean follow‐up was 13 months (range 11–24 months). During follow up, chronic urinary retention requiring a tape section occurred in one patient, and in another patient a delay of vaginal healing was followed by a sling exposure and resection at 4 months. No infection or urethral erosion was reported. The objective cure rate was 96.2%, and the subjective cure rate was 79.2%; four patients reported low leakage on stress and nine patients complained of urge incontinence (four de novo and five persistent).Conclusion:  The suprapubic Uretex Sup procedure is a safe and effective treatment for women with stress urinary incontinence.