bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Study of Dental Implants in Medically Treated Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Attard Nikolai J. , Zarb George A. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the success outcomes of implants and prosthodontic treatment placed in patients with a previous history of hypothyroidism that was being controlled with medications. Materials and Methods: Twenty‐seven female patients with a medically confirmed history of primary hypothyroid disease who were on replacement medications at the time of implant surgery were selected as the study group. They were matched with 29 control patients by age, gender, location (jaw and zone) of implants, type of prosthesis, and dental status of the opposing arch. Additional factors studied were medical history, medications, smoking habits, and bone quality and quantity. Results: There was no statistical difference in the number of implant failures between the two groups (p =.781). The hypothyroid patients had more soft tissue complications (p =.018) following stage 1 surgery. More bone loss around implants in the hypothyroid patients was recorded after year 1 of loading when compared with loss in their matched controls (p =.017). Conclusions: This study suggests that medically controlled hypothyroid female patients treated with dental implants are not at higher risk of implant failure when compared with matched controls, and that a history of controlled hypothyroidism does not appear to be a contraindication for implant therapy with endosseous implants.
“All‐on‐Four” Immediate‐Function Concept with Brånemark System® Implants for Completely Edentulous Mandibles: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Maló Paulo , Rangert Bo , Nobre Miguel 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Immediate‐function Brånemark System® implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) have become an accepted alternative for fixed restorations in edentulous mandibles, based on documented high success rates. Continuous development is ongoing to find simple protocols for their use.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to develop and document a simple, safe, and effective surgical and prosthetic protocol for immediate function (within 2 hours) of four Brånemark System implants supporting fixed prostheses in completely edentulous mandibles: the “All‐on‐Four” concept.Materials and Methods:This retrospective clinical study included 44 patients with 176 immediately loaded implants, placed in the anterior region, supporting fixed complete‐arch mandibular prostheses in acrylic. In addition to the immediately loaded implants, 24 of the 44 patients had 62 rescue implants not incorporated in the provisional prostheses but incorporated in final prostheses later on.Results:Five immediately loaded implants were lost in five patients before the 6‐month follow‐up, giving cumulative survival rates of 96.7 and 98.2% for development and routine groups, respectively. The prostheses' survival was 100%, and the average bone resorption was low.Conclusions:The high cumulative implant and prostheses survival rates indicate that the “All‐on‐Four” immediate‐function concept with Brånemark System implants used in completely edentulous mandibles is a viable concept.
Early Function of Splinted Implants in Maxillas and Posterior Mandibles Using Brånemark System® Machined‐Surface Implants: An 18‐Month Prospective Clinical Multicenter Study
Authors: Vanden Bogaerde Leonardo , Pedretti Giorgio , Dellacasa Paolo , Mozzati Marco , Rangert Bo 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:There are limited clinical data available for immediately or early loaded implants placed in posterior mandibles and maxillas. This is probably because bone density often is low in these areas, making it difficult to establish good initial implant stability. By eliminating countersinking and using slightly tapered implants (Brånemark System®, Mk IV, Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden), however, high initial implant stability might be achieved in these regions.Purpose:The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of early application of implant function in oral locations where the bone density is often low, namely the maxilla and posterior mandible.Materials and Methods:Thirty‐one patients were included consecutively in the study, and 36 edentulous areas in maxillas and posterior mandibles were treated. All patients were nonsmokers in good general health. Bruxism and uncontrolled periodontal disease were exclusion criteria. One hundred twenty‐four machined‐surface implants were placed using an insertion torque of at least 40 Ncm. Temporary prostheses with narrow occlusal platforms, flat cusps, and light occlusal contacts were generally placed within 1 week and not exceeding 20 days from implant placement.Results:Of the 124 implants installed, 4 failed, 1 in each of four patients, giving an overall survival rate of 96.8% after 18 months. Two implants failed in maxillas and two in mandibles. One implant in a maxilla and one in a mandible were lost in an early stage, and the other two were lost a few months after placement. The prostheses' survival was 100%.Conclusions:This study shows that early implant function rehabilitation in maxillas and posterior mandibles is viable using the present clinical protocol. The results are comparable with those of conventional two‐stage protocols.
Nobel Perfect™ Esthetic Scalloped Implant: Rationale for a New Design
Authors: Wöhrle Peter S. 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Over the past 20 years, there have been relatively few changes in implant designs. Most systems are manufactured from commercially pure titanium with turned threads, are sprayed with plasma, are coated with hydroxyapatite, or have an oxide surface. The majority of dental implants have not been designed for differing bone morphologies. Today patients have high esthetic demands that require modifications of implant designs to fulfill their expectations.Purpose:This article evaluates the problems encountered when trying to achieve an optimum esthetic outcome with dental implants. Implants and abutment designs, biologic width, ridge anatomy, and timing of implant placement all affect esthetic results. Each of these factors is discussed and is related to the introduction of a new scalloped implant design. The purpose of the scalloped design is to keep or create interdental bony peaks that support the soft tissue, thereby maintaining or creating interimplant papillae.Methods:Clinical documentation of patients treated with the scalloped implant is presented. The esthetic outcome can be determined by comparing clinical documentation prior to and after treatment.Conclusions:The scalloped implant provides clinicians and patients with the option of improving esthetic outcomes. Placement and restoration of this implant are important when planning implant treatment in the esthetic zone.
3‐Year Prospective Multicenter Study on One‐Stage Implant Surgery and Early Loading in the Edentulous Mandible
Authors: Raghoebar Gerry M. , Friberg Bertil , Grunert Ingrid , Hobkirk John A. , Tepper Gabor , Wendelhag Inger 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: The long‐term success rates achieved in dental implantology suggest that flexibility might well exist within the various implant systems to a degree that an altered protocol (ie, one‐stage surgery and immediate or early loading) can be performed under controlled conditions. However, before variations of the protocol can be considered for general use, they must be subjected to critical analysis, particularly with respect to the predictability of osseointegration, alteration of soft tissue barrier, and relative change in bone height around the implants. Purpose: The aim of this prospective multicenter study was to evaluate implant survival and periimplant conditions around endosseous implants placed in a one‐stage surgical procedure and early loading. Materials and Methods: A total of 170 implants were placed in 40 patients with mandibular edentulism and were functionally loaded within 6 weeks with overdentures (n = 30) or fixed prostheses (n = 10). All patients and prosthetic constructions were evaluated according to a standardized protocol during 3 years of follow‐up. Cumulative implant survival rates were calculated, and implant loss in relation to implant size and bone quality and quantity were evaluated. Furthermore, the protocol included assessment of clinical (plaque and bleeding scores, prosthesis stability) and radiographic parameters. Results: Over a period of 3 years, the implant survival rate was 93% for both implants and prostheses (fixed or removable). No implants were lost after the first year of loading. The periimplant tissues were in a healthy condition. Mean marginal bone resorption from the time of loading to the 3‐year follow‐up was 0.41 mm (SD 0.52). Conclusions: From this study it may be concluded that early loading results in good implant survival and proper periimplant health in edentulous mandibles.
Immediate/Early Loading of Dental Implants: a Report from the Sociedad Espanola de Implantes World Congress Consensus Meeting in Barcelona, Spain, 2002
Authors: Aparicio Carlos , Rangert Bo , Sennerby Lars 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Immediate/early loading protocols are becoming frequently used in implant dentistry, but the prerequisites for achieving good results and the limitations of such protocols are not fully known. Moreover, the terminology used in immediate/early loading is still confusing. Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present the outcome of a consensus meeting on immediate/early loading. Materials and Methods: A consensus meeting was organized during the Sociedad Espanola de Implantes World Congress in Barcelona on May 23, 2002, with the objective to present and discuss the experiences from immediate/early loading protocols in dental implant treatment. The purpose was also to discuss definitions of the terminology used in immediate/early loading. The consensus meeting agenda included presentations from invited experts, followed by a consensus discussion. Results: A consensus statement was agreed on. Conclusions: Multiple independent investigators have demonstrated that immediate/early loading of implants is possible in many clinical situations; however, additional documentation is required.
Measurements of Buccal Tissue Volumes at Single‐Implant Restorations after Local Bone Grafting in Maxillas: A 3‐Year Clinical Prospective Study Case Series
Authors: Jemt Torsten , Lekholm Ulf 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure changes in buccal and proximal tissue volumes after local bone grafting and single‐implant treatment. Materials and Methods: Ten patients were provided with buccal bone grafts 6 months prior to implant treatment in central upper incisor regions. Following a healing time of 6 months, abutments and single‐implant crowns were installed and followed up for 2 years. Clinical photographs and impressions were taken prior to the surgical intervention as well as after crown placement and at first and second annual checkups. The photographs and study models were analyzed with regard to papilla regeneration and changes in buccal crest volume during the study period by means of a clinical papilla index and optical scanning of study models. Results: All bone grafts healed without problems. A significant reduction of the buccal crest volume (‐50%, p <.01) was observed in the grafted area before abutment connection. However, a significant increase of tissue volume (+100%, p <.05) was noticed at the subsequent crown placement, followed by a second but slow reduction of the volume during the following 2 years of function. The interdental papillae increased significantly (p <.05) in volume during the first year, almost completely filling up the embrasure areas after 2 years. Conclusions: It may be concluded that local bone grafting seems to be a valuable protocol to create sufficient bone volume for implant placement. However, significant resorption of the graft may be present, which reduces the impact of grafting on the esthetic outcome. Instead, placement of the abutment cylinder and the crown seems to play a more important role for reestablishing the tissue volume at the implant‐supported single crowns.
Histologic Analysis of Clinically Retrieved Immediately Loaded Titanium Implants: A Report of 11 Cases
Authors: Degidi Marco , Scarano Antonio , Petrone Giovanna , Piattelli Adriano 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Several investigators have reported high survival rates for early or immediately loaded dental implants. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to analyze histologically the periimplant tissue reactions and the bone‐titanium interface of clinically retrieved immediately loaded titanium implants. Materials and Methods: Eleven implants were inserted in the posterior jaw regions of six patients, serving as the most distal abutments of fixed provisional bridges and subjected to immediate occlusal loading. After a 10‐month loading period, all 11 implants were retrieved with a trephine. Results: Mature bone was present at the interface of all implants. Some vertical bone loss was observed; this was more pronounced for cylindric implants. The bone‐implant contact was approximately 60 to 65 for all implants. Conclusions: The results demonstrate that osseointegration of dental implants can occur during immediate loading.
Periimplant Bone Healing under Experimental Hepatic Osteodystrophy Induced by a Choline‐Deficient Diet: A Histomorphometric Study in Rats
Authors: Gorustovich Alejandro , de los Angeles Esposito Maria , Guglielmotti María Beatriz , Juan Giglio Maximo 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Osseointegration and success of an implant involve the interaction of local and systemic factors such as bone metabolic diseases. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of experimental hepatic osteodystrophy induced by a choline‐deficient diet on periimplant bone healing. Materials and Methods: Laminar titanium implants were placed in the tibias of five groups of Wistar rats: those with a (1) controlled diet for 15 days; (2) choline‐deficient diet for 15 days; (3) controlled diet for 30 days; (4) choline‐deficient diet for 30 days; (5) choline‐deficient diet for 15 days and a controlled diet for 15 days (refeeding). Body weight and food intake, hematocrit, and hemoglobinemia were evaluated. The animals were killed at 15 or 30 days post implantation. The liver, kidneys, and tibias were resected and fixed in 20% formalin solution. The tibias were radiographed and processed for histomorphometric evaluation of the periimplant bone area. Results: Histologic studies revealed steatosis in the liver but no alterations in the kidneys. Rats fed a choline‐deficient diet showed periimplant bone healing with marked qualitative and quantitative alterations. The periimplant bone area was 28% and 75% lower in experimental animals than in controls at 15 and 30 days, respectively. Conclusions: Liver alterations caused by a choline‐deficient diet alter periimplant osteogenesis qualitatively and quantitatively.
Enhancement of Osseointegration of Implants Placed into Extraction Sockets of Healthy and Periodontally Diseased Teeth by Using Graft Material, an ePTFE Membrane, or a Combination
Authors: Tehemar Sherif , Hanes Philip , Sharawy Mohamed 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACT Background: Advanced periodontal disease as well as failed endodontic teeth are the most common reasons for tooth removal and simultaneous implant placement. Purpose: To determine whether the addition of a bone substitute graft material and/or a guided bone regeneration membrane added to the site of an immediately placed implant would increase the development of lamellated bone, particularly in the presence of bone defects. Materials and Methods: Four treatment modalities associated with the immediate placement of hydroxyapatite‐coated endosteal screw implants into extraction sockets of healthy (C/H) and periodontally diseased teeth (T/PD) were tested. Five dogs with healthy teeth and five dogs with naturally occurring periodontitis were chosen for the study. Each dog received eight implants after extraction of four mandibular and four maxillary premolars. Four implants were submerged for 3 months and four for 6 months. The implants were either inserted alone (subgroup A); surrounded by a GORETEX membrane (subgroup B; W.L. Gore & Associates Inc., Flagstaff, AZ, USA); surrounded by PepGen P‐15 (Dentsply Friadent CeraMed Dental Co. Denver, CO, USA) at coronal area (subgroup C); or surrounded by a combination of graft material and the ePTFE membrane (subgroup D). Implants in group A were osseointegrated in both C/H and T/PD groups with similar bone‐implant contact ratios (BICRs). Results: ePTFE membrane significantly improved the BICR of the 6‐months implants, whereas graft material significantly increased the BICR at 3 months and maintained the gain thereafter. The graft material and membrane combination further improved the BICR and significantly increased lamellated bone in crestal bone of all implants. Conclusions: This study provides experimental evidence in support of use of graft material with immediately placed implants, particularly in presence of bone defects that initially reduce the BICR such as in periodontitis. Adding an ePTFE membrane to graft material resulted in a greater replacement of woven bone by lamellated bone. Clinical trials in humans are recommended as a follow‐up of this experimental study.
A 5‐Year Prospective Follow‐Up Study of Implant‐Supported Fixed Prostheses in Patients Subjected to Maxillary Sinus Floor Augmentation with an 80:20 Mixture of Bovine Hydroxyapatite and Autogenous Bone
Authors: Hallman Mats , Zetterqvist Lars 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:Prospective long‐term follow‐up studies evaluating the use of bone substitutes to enable dental implant placement and integration are rare.Purpose:This study was undertaken to evaluate the survival rate of dental implants placed 6 months after maxillary sinus floor augmentation using a mixture of 80% bovine hydroxyapatite (BH) and 20% autogenous bone (AB).Material and Methods:Twenty patients subjected to 30 maxillary sinus floor grafting procedures using fibrin glue and an 80:20 mixture of BH and AB to enable placement of dental implants 6 months later were followed for 5 years of functional loading. Clinical and radiographic examinations of the grafts and implants were performed.Results:After 5 years of functional loading with fixed bridges, 15 of 108 implants had been lost, giving a cumulative survival rate of 86%. The mean marginal bone loss after 5 years was 1.3 ± 1.1 mm.Conclusion:Grafting of the maxillary sinus with a mixture of BH and AB and later placements of turned implants could be performed with predictable long‐term results. All but one of the patients who were observed had functional fixed bridges after 5 years of functional loading.
Biomechanical Measurements of Calcium‐Incorporated Oxidized Implants in Rabbit Bone: Effect of Calcium Surface Chemistry of a Novel Implant
Authors: Sul Young‐Taeg , Byon Eung‐Sun Eung‐Sun , Jeong Yongsoo Yongsoo 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTBackground:In oral implantology there has been a general trend away from machine‐turned minimally rough and acid‐etched and blasted implants toward intermediary roughened surfaces. Mechanical interlocking at micron resolution is claimed to be the dominant reason for the fixation of such implants in bone. However, clinical demands for stronger and faster bone bonding to the implant (eg, in immediately loaded and compromised bone cases) have motivated the development of novel surfaces capable of chemical bonding.Purpose:The purpose of the present study is to investigate bone tissue reactions to a newly developed calcium‐incorporated oxidized implant. The specific aim is to assess the effect of calcium surface chemistry on the bone response.Materials and Methods:Calcium (Ca) ion‐incorporated implants were prepared by micro arc oxidation methods. Surface oxide properties were characterized by using various surface analytic techniques involving scanning electron microscopy, x‐ray diffractometry, x‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and optical interferometry. Twenty screw‐shaped commercially pure (CP) titanium implants (10 turned implants [controls] and 10 Ca‐incorporated implants [tests]) were inserted in the femoral condyles of 10 New Zealand White rabbits.Results:After a healing period of 6 weeks, resonance frequency analyses and removal torque measurements of the Ca‐incorporated oxidized implants demonstrated statistically significant improvements of implant integration with bone in comparison to machine‐turned control implants (p = 0.013 and p = 0.005, respectively).Conclusions:The Ca‐reinforced surface chemistry of the oxidized implants significantly improved bone responses in a rabbit model. The present study suggests that biochemical bonding at the bone‐implant interface, in combination with mechanical interlocking, may play a dominant role in the fixation of Ca‐incorporated oxidized implants in bone. The observed rapid and strong integration of test Ca implants may have clinical implications for immediate or early loading and improved performance in compromised bone.
An Image‐Guided System‐Drilled Surgical Template and Trephine Guide Pin to Make Treatment of Completely Edentulous Patients Easier: A Clinical Report on Immediate Loading
Authors: Fortin Thomas , Isidori Michel Michel , Blanchet Eric Eric , Perriat Michel Michel , Bouchet Hervé Hervé , Coudert Jean Loup Jean Loup 
Published: October 2006

ABSTRACTPurpose:An image‐guided system has been developed to drill a conventional surgical guide following a preoperative three‐dimensional plan for accurate placement of implant on bone. The aim of this study is to illustrate how this system facilitates treatment of completely edentulous patients by modifying both surgical and prosthetic protocols, thereby making flapless surgery possible as well as the preparation of the transitional prosthesis before surgery.Materials and Methods:This system was tested on 10 consecutive patients, placing all planned implants without raising the mucoperiosteal flap and with the connection of all implants to pre‐angulated abutments.Results:A 1‐year follow‐up demonstrated stable and properly functioning prostheses in all cases.Conclusions:This technique can be expected to flourish because implantology makes the highest demands on comfort, precision, and safety.