bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Phase behavior and network formation in a cationic surfactant‐fatty alcohol‐water system
Authors: Benton William J. , Miller Clarence A. , Wells Robert L. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOptical microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry were used to study the behavior of dilute aqueous systems containing mixtures of a long‐chain cationic surfactant and long‐chain fatty alcohols. Both alcoholrich particles with a lamellar structure and crystalline fibers containing considerable surfactant were observed, the fibers becoming more prevalent with decreasing values of the alcohol‐to‐surfactant ratio r. For values of r exceeding about two, separate fibrous and particulate regions were seen, the latter forming continuous networks throughout individual samples and hence contributing to the viscoelastic properties known to characterize these formulations. Studies of system behavior as a function of temperature showed that melting temperatures of the fibers and particles were about 55 C and 60 C, respectively.
Progressive retinal dystrophy in two sisters with glutathione synthetase (GS) deficiency
Authors: Ristoff E. , Burstedt M. , Larsson A. , Wachtmeister L. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryWe report the ophthalmological findings of two sisters with severe glutathione synthetase deficiency, an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism resulting in very low intracellular levels of the free‐radical scavenger glutathione. The patients were investigated because of declining visual acuity. The most prominent finding was progressive retinal dystrophy with hyperpigmentations and maculopathy. Generally disturbed functioning of both the outer and inner layers of the retina resulted in attenuated or nearly abolished electroretinograms. These findings agree with a rod/cone type of retinal dystrophy, and we suggest that this is due to glutathione deficiency. Treatment with antioxidants such as vitamins E and C seems to prevent the progression of CNS damage. We speculate that it might also prevent retinal dystrophy in patients with glutathione synthetase deficiency. We suggest that patients with retinal dystrophy and additional neurological signs should be investigated for a defect in glutathione metabolism. Also, we recommend that patients with low levels of glutathione should be examined for retinal dystrophy. Our results suggest that a decreased capacity for scavenging reactive oxygen species and/or increased oxidative stress may cause retinal dystrophy. If this is the case, the redox state in the retina should be a potentially useful therapeutic target to prevent reduced visual function and blindness.
The Dutch Fabry cohort: Diversity of clinical manifestations and Gb3 levels
Authors: Vedder A. C. , Linthorst G. E. , van Breemen M. J. , Groener J. E. M. , Bemelman F. J. , Strijland A. , Mannens M. M. A. M. , Aerts J. M. F. G. , Hollak C. E. M. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryBackground: Fabry disease (OMIM 301500) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder with characteristic vascular, renal, cardiac and cerebral complications. Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3) accumulates in Fabry patients as a result of α‐galactosidase A deficiency. The phenotypic variability is high, but the relationship between clinical symptoms in individual Fabry patients has not been uniformly documented. Also, the relation between the most prominent biochemical abnormalities, elevated Gb3 levels in plasma and urine, and clinical symptoms is not firmly established. Methods: Clinical and biochemical characteristics of 96 (25 deceased) Dutch Fabry patients were collected retrospectively and before the initiation of enzyme therapy. Results: Clinical assessment revealed that median life expectancy was 57 years for male and 72 years for female patients. Cerebral complications, acroparaesthesias and gastrointestinal complications, but not cardiac and auditory complications, were all seen more frequently in male than female patients. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was highly variable in male patients, including 2 patients with GFR < 30 ml/min, but median GFR did not differ between males and females (103 and 101 ml/min, respectively). Hyperfiltration was more frequently observed in the female patient group. Microalbuminuria was present in 60% of males and 45% of females. No specific pattern of combined symptoms existed except for a relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and cerebral complications (males 36%, females 32%), or proteinuria (males 35%, females 31%). Gb3 was found to be more elevated in plasma samples from male (n = 26; median 6.27 μmol/L (1.39–9.74)) than female Fabry patients (n = 37; median 2.16 (0.77–4.18)). This was also observed for urinary Gb3: males (n = 22) median 1851 nmol/24 h (40–3724); females (n = 29) median 672 (86–2052). Plasma and urinary Gb3 levels correlated with each other in both males (r = 0.4, p = 0.05) and females (r = 0.4, p = 0.03), but no correlation between elevated Gb3 levels and clinical symptoms could be detected. Conclusion: Analysis of the characteristics of the Dutch Fabry cohort has revealed that a limited relationship between various disease manifestations exists and that individual symptoms do not correlate with elevated urinary or plasma Gb3 levels, limiting their value as surrogate disease markers.
SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS DURING CHILDHOOD AND HEALTH STATUS IN ADULTHOOD: THE WROCŁAW GROWTH STUDY
Authors: LIPOWICZ ANNA , KOZIEŁ SŁAWOMIR , HULANICKA BARBARA , KOWALISKO ALICJA 
Published: January 2007

SummaryIt has been widely observed that socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with frequency of cardiovascular disease. Both men and women of low socioeconomic position have increased risk of cardiovascular disease morbidity and premature death. In this study the relationship between SES in childhood, and health status at the age of 50 years was examined. Socioeconomic status in childhood was measured using objective (father’s educational level and number of children in the family) and subjective (self-assessed SES in childhood declared in early adulthood) indicators. Data from the Wrocław Growth Study were completed when subjects were 50 years old, and information concerning health status was added. The results indicated that the objective, universally used measures of SES in childhood such as father’s educational level and size of family did not show any essential relationships with health outcomes in adulthood, both for men and women. By contrast, retrospective, self-assessed SES (as better, average or worse as compared with peers) in childhood was significantly associated with the appearance of cardiovascular disease among women aged 50 years. Women who at the beginning of their adult life declared better socioeconomic condition in childhood were significantly healthier at the age of 50 years (OR=3·43; p=0·02). Moreover, this appeared to be independent of BMI, SES and life-style in adulthood. For men, retrospective self-assessed SES showed no relation to health status at the age of 50 years. The gender differences in the relationships between self-assessed SES in childhood and health status in adulthood are explained by possible selective premature mortality among men from lower childhood SES and/or sex differences in cognitive abilities.
Between Iron Formalism and Playful Relativism: Five Recent Studies in Malay Writing
Authors: van der Putten Jan 
Published: January 2007

The heritage of traditional Malay literature: A historical survey of genres,
writings, and literary views
By VLADIMIR BRAGINSKY
Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004. Pp. xiv, 890. Notes, Bibliography, Index.John Leyden's Malay Annals
With an introductory essay by VIRGINIA MATHESON HOOKER and M. B.
HOOKER
Kuala Lumpur: MBRAS, 2001. Pp. 81, 361. Notes, Bibliography, Index.We are playing relatives: A survey of Malay writing
By HENK MAIER
Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004. Pp. viii, 542. Notes, Bibliography, Index.Bidasari: Jewel of Malay Muslim culture
Edited by JULIAN MILLIE
Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004. Pp. 310. Notes, Bibliography, Index.A merry senhor in the Malay world: Four texts of the Syair Sinyor Kosta
Edited by A. TEEUW, R. DUMAS, MUHAMMAD HAJI SALLEH, R. TOL and M. J.
VAN YPEREN
Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004. Pp. x, 467. Notes, Bibliography, Index.
Model order reduction for impact-contact dynamics simulations of flexible manipulators
Authors: Ma Ou , Wang Jiegao 
Published: January 2007

SUMMARYDynamic simulation of a flexible manipulator performing physical contact (including low-speed impact) tasks with stiff environment is very time consuming because very small integration step sizes have to be used for numerical stability. Existing model order reduction techniques cannot be readily applied due to the nonlinear nature of the contact dynamics. In this paper, a method is introduced to deal with this problem. The method first linearizes the contact force model on the right-hand side of the dynamics equations periodically. It then identifies the linear “stiffness” and “damping” terms from the linearized contact force model and combines them with the existing structural stiffness and damping matrices of the associated multibody system on the left-hand side of the equations. After such a process, the traditional modal analysis and reduction techniques for linear dynamic systems can be applied to reduce the order of the resulting dynamic system. Two numerical examples of flexible manipulators performing a contact task are presented to demonstrate the significant gain in computational efficiency and the improved output results.
Painting and Printing Living Bacteria: Engineering Nanoporous Biocatalytic Coatings to Preserve Microbial Viability and Intensify Reactivity
Authors: Flickinger Michael C. , Schottel Janet L. , Bond Daniel R. , Aksan Alptekin , Scriven L. E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractLatex biocatalytic coatings containing ∼50% by volume of microorganisms stabilize, concentrate and preserve cell viability on surfaces at ambient temperature. Coatings can be formed on a variety of surfaces, delaminated to generate stand‐alone membranes or formulated as reactive inks for piezoelectric deposition of viable microbes. As the latex emulsion dries, cell preservation by partial desiccation occurs simultaneously with the formation of pores and adhesion to the substrate. The result is living cells permanently entrapped, surrounded by nanopores generated by partially coalesced polymer particles. Nanoporosity is essential for preserving microbial viability and coating reactivity. Cryo‐SEM methods have been developed to visualize hydrated coating microstructure, confocal microscopy and dispersible coating methods have been developed to quantify the activity of the entrapped cells, and FTIR methods are being developed to determine the structure of vitrified biomolecules within and surrounding the cells in dry coatings. Coating microstructure, stability and reactivity are investigated using small patch or strip coatings where bacteria are concentrated 102‐ to 103‐fold in 5–75 μm thick layers with pores formed by carbohydrate porogens. The carbohydrate porogens also function as osmoprotectants and are postulated to preserve microbial viability by formation of glasses inside the microbes during coat drying; however, the molecular mechanism of cell preservation by latex coatings is not known. Emerging applications include coatings for multistep oxidations, photoreactive coatings, stabilization of hyperthermophiles, environmental biosensors, microbial fuel cells, as reaction zones in microfluidic devices, or as very high intensity (>100 g·L‐1 coating volume·h‐1) industrial or environmental biocatalysts. We anticipate expanded use of nanoporous adhesive coatings for prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell preservation at ambient temperature and the design of highly reactive “living” paints and inks.
Response of Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes to Fungal Extracts and Staphylococcal Superantigen B in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Douglas Richard , Bruhn Maressa , Tan Lor‐Wai , Ooi Eng , Psaltis Alkis , Wormald Peter‐John 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground: Previous studies have suggested that chronic rhinosinusitis may result from a hypersensitivity response of the nasal mucosa to the presence of fungal antigens or staphylococcal superantigens in the nasal mucus. Both of these groups of antigens are present so frequently in the nasal mucus of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis that their presence together is likely to be a common event.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether the combined presence of fungal antigens and staphylococcal superantigens exert a synergistic proinflammatory effect on peripheral blood lymphocytes from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis.Methods: Peripheral blood lymphocytes were extracted from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyposis (n = 7 for both groups) and normal controls (n = 7). These cells were cultured for 48 hours after the addition of fungal extracts (Aspergillus and Alternaria), staphylococcal superantigen type B (SEB), or a combination of these two antigens. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the level transcription of interleukinL‐5 and interferon‐γ genes.Results: Fungal extracts alone resulted in minimal changes in the levels of cytokine expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes. SEB increased the expression of IFN‐γ, and this effect was magnified by the addition of SEB and fungal extracts together to the culture medium. There were no differences in the magnitude of responses seen in patients with and without polyps nor between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and normal controls.Conclusion: SEB exerts a powerful proinflammatory effect on peripheral blood lymphocytes and fungal extracts may act synergistically to promote this action.
Visualization of Endolymphatic Hydrops in Patients With Meniere's Disease
Authors: Nakashima Tsutomu , Naganawa Shinji , Sugiura Makoto , Teranishi Masaaki , Sone Michihiko , Hayashi Hideo , Nakata Seiichi , Katayama Naomi , Ishida Ieda Maria 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: Recently, there have been many reports of intratympanic gentamicin therapy for the treatment of intractable Meniere's disease. Intratympanic administration of steroids has also been used to treat sudden sensorineural hearing loss. We attempted to visualize how the intratympanically administered drug enters the inner ear.Methods: Gadolinium hydrate diluted eightfold with saline was injected intratympanically through the tympanic membrane using a 23 G needle in nine patients with inner ear diseases. With a 3 Tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) unit, three‐dimensional fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (3D‐FLAIR) imaging was performed.Results: 3D‐FLAIR MRI clearly revealed that the gadolinium entered the perilymphatic space and delineated the perilymphatic and endolymphatic spaces of the inner ear. In patients with endolymphatic hydrops, the perilymphatic space surrounding the endolymph was small or had disappeared. Gadolinium appeared first in the scala tympani of the basal turn of the cochlea and the perilymphatic space of the vestibule. One day after the intratympanic injection of gadolinium, the gadolinium was observed in almost all parts of the perilymph. Six days after the intratympanic injection, the gadolinium had almost disappeared from the inner ear.Conclusion: We reported the first visualization of endolymphatic hydrops in patients with Meniere's disease. The relationship between the image of the endolymphatic space and functional tests, such as electrocochleography and vestibular‐evoked myogenic potential, must be examined in the near future. It is important for the development of intratympanic drug therapies for inner‐ear diseases to investigate how the drugs enter and leave the inner ear.
Comparison of different definitions of the metabolic syndrome
Authors: Sandhofer A. , Iglseder B. , Paulweber B. , Ebenbichler C. F. , Patsch J. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground  The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) published a new definition of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). For this definition we compared frequency, concordance, clinical and laboratory stigmata and carotid atherosclerosis with those of the established definitions by the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and World Health Organization (WHO).Materials and methods  A total of 1518 subjects (943 men, 575 women) from the Salzburg Atherosclerosis Prevention Program in Subjects at High Individual Risk (SAPHIR), free of clinical atherosclerosis, were included in this study. To estimate insulin sensitivity two methods, i.e. homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) and the short insulin tolerance test, were employed. Carotid intima media thickness (IMT) and plaque extent were quantified for all subjects using high‐resolution ultrasound.Results  Prevalence of the MetS was 18·7% for men and 16·2% for women for the WHO definition, 18·9% and 17·0%, respectively, for the NCEP definition, and 25·8% and 19·5%, respectively, for the IDF definition. Concordance was lower between the definitions of WHO and IDF (< 50%) than between NCEP and IDF (> 67%). Compared to subjects identified by NCEP definition, subjects identified in excess by IDF (3·1–11·7%) showed less insulin resistance and lower IMT and plaque extent indistinguishable from MetS‐free subjects.Conclusions  Our data suggest that the IDF definition includes subjects as MetS sufferers above these detected by NCEP or WHO, who exhibit considerably less insulin resistance and carotid atherosclerosis blurring the distinction between health and disease.
Helicobacter pylori‐induced apoptosis in T cells is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway independent of death receptors
Authors: Ganten T. M. , Aravena E. , Sykora J. , Koschny R. , Mohr J. , Rudi J. , Stremmel W. , Walczak H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground  Chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori is related to the pathogenesis of the noncardia carcinoma of the stomach. In this study we investigated the mechanisms of H. pylori‐induced apoptosis in T lymphocytes, which could explain a mechanism of immune evasion facilitating chronic inflammation of the mucosa and gastric carcinogenesis.Materials and methods  The supernatant of H. pylori culture was used to study the mechanism of apoptosis induction in human leukaemia T cell lines Jurkat and CEM and in primary T cells. The cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) and vacuolating cytotoxin A (Vac A) positive bacterial strain H. pylori 60190 (CagA+, VacA+) and as a control the less toxic H. pylori strain Tx30a (CagA−, VacA−) were used to produce the supernatant. Cell death was determined by DNA fragmentation and protein expression by Western blot.Results  H. pylori 60190‐induced apoptosis was neither blocked by inhibition of the death ligands TRAIL (TNF‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand), CD95L/FasL and TNF‐α (tumour necrosis factor‐a) in wild type Jurkat cells nor in FADDdef (Fas‐associated death domain protein) and caspase‐8def subclones of the Jurkat cell line. Yet, the pancaspase inhibitor zVAD‐fmk could inhibit up to 90% of H. pylori‐induced apoptosis. Stable transfection of Jurkat wild type cells with Bcl‐xL and Bcl‐2 resulted in marked reduction of H. pylori‐induced apoptosis, showing that the mitochondrial pathway is the key regulator. This is supported by the finding that surviving primary human lymphocytes upregulate Bcl‐2 when exposed to H. pylori supernatant.Conclusions  H. pylori‐induced apoptosis of T cells is mediated by the mitochondrial pathway and could create a local environment that facilitates life‐long infection by immune evasion.
Robust association of the APOEɛ4 allele with premature myocardial infarction especially in patients without hypercholesterolaemia: the Aachen study
Authors: Schmitz F. , Mevissen V. , Krantz C. , Kimmel M. , Erdmann J. , Hoffmann R. , Zerres K. , Ortlepp J. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackground  Genetic influence on the manifestation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) has been shown previously. From many candidate genes the APOE (apolipoprotein E) with the major alleles ɛ2/ɛ3/ɛ4 is in the focus of interest.Materials and methods  In 1817 patients admitted for their first left heart catheterization at a premature age (males < 55 and females < 65) the association of APOE alleles with MI was analysed. Genotyping was done by 5′ exonuclease assay (TaqMan(M)).Results  APOE was significantly associated with hypercholesterolaemia (ɛ4 72% vs. ɛ3 66% vs. ɛ2 51%; P < 0·0001), and premature MI (ɛ4 57% vs. ɛ3 50% vs. ɛ2 41%; P < 0·0001; hazard ratio 1·41, 95%CI 1·14–1·75). In patients without hypercholesterolaemia, the APOE allele ɛ4 was highly predictive for the presence of premature MI (ɛ4 55% vs. ɛ3 45% vs. ɛ2 28%; P < 0·0001; hazard ratio 1·75, 95%CI 1·19–2·57).Conclusion  The APOEɛ4 allele shows a robust association with premature MI independent of hypercholesterolaemia.
Calculation of magnetic anomalies caused by 2D bodies of arbitrary shape with consideration of demagnetization
Authors: Kostrov Nick P. 
Published: January 2007

ABSTRACTForward calculations of magnetic anomalies caused by two‐dimensional bodies of any shape and magnetic properties may be performed either without considering demagnetization as in the equivalent source technique or taking demagnetization into account as in the volume integral equation (VIE) approach, in which, for this purpose, magnetized bodies are divided into a set of rectangular prismatic cells. Ignoring demagnetization may result in distortion of the shape and the amplitude of an anomaly, whereas rectangular cells may not be an optimal representation of the source. Moreover, an inaccurate form approximation in the VIE technique may lead to inconsistent results in the near‐body region. In this paper, a method is proposed, based on the VIE approach but differing by applying triangular elementary cells. The method largely overcomes the above‐mentioned limitations of the VIE technique. It allows us to delineate large and complex structures exactly and only requires the source to be divided into a few elementary cells to take demagnetization into account satisfactorily. These improvements have been attained through analytical calculation of the Green's function in the complex plane, using the theory of the Cauchy‐type integral. Comparing numerical solutions with analytical solutions for homogeneous elliptic cylinders without remanence, the method is found to be consistent with the theory in the range of relative magnetic permeability of 2–20, not only far from but also at subcell distances from the body. The method is appropriate for modelling highly and inhomogeneously magnetized 2D bodies of any shape. It may be of value in interpreting underground measurements or topographic effects, as well as in modelling regional geomagnetic profiles, and it is also a convenient tool for testing questionable geological hypotheses. In the framework of the method, the gravitational anomaly for the same causative bodies can be easily calculated. However, at higher and geologically uncommon values of relative magnetic permeability, the algorithm may become unstable but may be stabilized with SVD regularization. The fact that discrepancies were found with the method employed is a basis for further research.