bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Should contingency management protocols and dissemination practices be modified to accommodate rising stimulant use and harm reduction frameworks?
Authors: Khazanov Gabriela Kattan , McKay James R. , Rawson Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundStimulant‐related overdoses have increased dramatically, with almost 50% of overdoses in the United States now involving stimulants. Additionally, harm‐reduction approaches are increasingly seen as key to reducing the negative impact of substance use. Contingency management (CM), the provision of financial incentives for abstinence, is the most effective treatment for stimulant use disorder, but historically has not been widely implemented. Many recent, large‐scale implementation efforts have relied upon foundational CM protocols that may not sufficiently account for recent increases in the prevalence and lethality of stimulant use nor the growing preference for harm reduction versus abstinence‐only frameworks.ArgumentWe argue the need to (1) consider whether and how CM protocols might be modified to address rising stimulant use and harm reduction frameworks and (2) make CM widely accessible so that it can reduce population‐level stimulant use while ensuring that it is delivered with fidelity to its basic principles. Proposed changes include changing CM reinforcement schedules to emphasize treatment engagement and reductions in use in addition to abstinence, changing guidelines on the duration of and re‐engagement in CM, investing in research on virtual CM, incentivizing providers and health systems to deliver CM, making it easier to purchase and use point‐of‐care drug screens, using direct‐to‐consumer marketing to increase demand for CM and adapting CM to the community in which it is being implemented.ConclusionsOur proposed modifications to contingency management (CM) protocols and accessibility may more effectively address rising stimulant use and align CM more closely with harm‐reduction frameworks. Given the urgent need to reduce overdose deaths, developing and testing modified CM protocols may need to rely upon methods other than randomized controlled trials. Efforts to disseminate CM widely to reduce population‐level stimulant use must be balanced with the need to maintain fidelity to CM’s basic principles.
Management of advanced prostate cancer in the Asia‐Pacific region: Summary of the Asia‐Pacific Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2023
Authors: Chiong Edmund , Murphy Declan G. , Buchan Nicholas , Chen Kenneth , Chen Sarah S. , Chua Melvin L. K. , Hamid Agus Rizal , Kanesvaran Ravindran , Khochikar Makarand , Letran Jason , Lojanapiwat Bannakij , Mallik Indranil , Ng Chee Fai , Ong Teng Aik , Poon Darren M. C. , Pu Yeong‐Shiau , Saad Marniza , Schubach Kathryn , Takahara Kiyoshi , Tey Jeremy , Thang Sue‐Ping , Toh Poh Choo , Türkeri Levent , Vinh Nguyễn Tuấn , Williams Scott , Ye Dingwei ,   ANZUP Cancer Trials Group, Davis Ian D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimThe aim of the third Asia‐Pacific Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APAC APCCC 2023) was to discuss the application in the Asia‐Pacific (APAC) region of consensus statements from the 4th Advanced Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference (APCCC 2022).MethodsThe one‐day meeting in July 2023 brought together 27 experts from 14 APAC countries. The meeting covered five topics: (1) Intermediate‐ and high‐risk and locally advanced prostate cancer; (2) Management of newly diagnosed metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer; (3) Management of non‐metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer; (4) Homologous recombination repair mutation testing; (5) Management of metastatic castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Pre‐ and post‐symposium polling gathered APAC‐specific responses to APCCC consensus questions and insights on current practices and challenges in the APAC region.ResultsAPAC APCCC highlights APAC‐specific considerations in an evolving landscape of diagnostic technologies and treatment innovations for advanced prostate cancer. While new technologies are available in the region, cost and reimbursement continue to influence practice significantly. Individual patient considerations, including the impact of chemophobia on Asian patients, also influence decision‐making.ConclusionThe use of next‐generation imaging, genetic testing, and new treatment combinations is increasing the complexity and duration of prostate cancer management. Familiarity with new diagnostic and treatment options is growing in the APAC region. Insights highlight the continued importance of a multidisciplinary approach that includes nuclear medicine, genetic counseling, and quality‐of‐life expertise. The APAC APCCC meeting provides an important opportunity to share practice and identify APAC‐specific issues and considerations in areas of low evidence where clinical experience is growing.
eviQ Cancer Treatments Online: Providing evidence‐based information to improve cancer patient outcomes
Authors: Shingleton Julia V. , Stapleton Brooke W. , Kelly Aisling P. , Ward Robyn L. , Lean Cynthia L. , Rushton Shelley A. , O'Brien Tracey A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo understand the current usage of eviQ Cancer Treatments Online (www.eviQ.org.au), an Australian, open‐access website providing evidence‐based and consensus‐driven cancer treatment protocols and information, and the extent to which it is meeting its intended outcomes and providing value to its users.MethodsA mixed‐method evaluation was conducted in 2020−2022 which included a review of key program documentation and website usage data, and delivery of a focused online survey to its users.ResultsIn 2022, 329 clinicians representing all Australian states and territories contributed to eviQ content development and review. eviQ content continues to grow with a 15.2% increase in total content from 2019 to 2022. eviQ website users continue to grow with 90,000 total monthly users in 2022, representing a 166% increase from 2018. The proportion of international users compared to Australian users continues to grow with 57% of total users in Australia and 43% international in 2022.Of 466 survey responses, the most cited reason for eviQ use was for information on side effects/toxicity (67%). Ninety‐three percent (93%) of respondents either agreed or strongly agreed that eviQ contributed to both health professionals providing the best evidence‐based treatment and care and improving the standardization of treatment and care provided.Conclusion eviQ is embedded in Australian clinical practice, highly valued, and relied upon by users. Users agree that eviQ has a positive impact on patients by supporting the delivery of evidence‐based treatment and that eviQ contributed to patients’ improved health outcomes and quality of life. eviQ's increasing international usage should be explored.
The Voice of Risk: Wall Street CEOs' Voice Pitch and the 2008 Financial Crisis*
Authors: Kim Andy , Kang Min Jung , Cao Sijia , Park Soohyun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe pitch of a male voice is an honest signal of his threat potential coming from testosterone. Recognizing endogenous matches between firms and CEOs, we propose to use voice pitch of the CEO as a proxy for the unobservable risk‐taking strategy of the firm. Using digitally analyzed male CEO voice pitch in 167 CNBC interviews during the 2008 global financial crisis, we find that deep‐voiced Wall Street CEOs (i) managed riskier firms, (ii) received more equity‐based compensation before the crisis and (iii) were more likely to be fired after the crisis, controlling for economic incentives, overconfidence, and narcissism.
Implication of viruses in the etiology of preeclampsia
Authors: Motomura Kenichiro , Morita Hideaki , Naruse Katsuhiko , Saito Hirohisa , Matsumoto Kenji 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPreeclampsia is one of the most common disorders that poses threat to both mothers and neonates and a major contributor to perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Viral infection during pregnancy is not typically considered to cause preeclampsia; however, syndromic nature of preeclampsia etiology and the immunomodulatory effects of viral infections suggest that microbes could trigger a subset of preeclampsia. Notably, SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is associated with an increased risk of preeclampsia. Herein, we review the potential role of viral infections in this great obstetrical syndrome. According to in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, viral infections can cause preeclampsia by introducing poor placentation, syncytiotrophoblast stress, and/or maternal systemic inflammation, which are all known to play a critical role in the development of preeclampsia. Moreover, clinical and experimental investigations have suggested a link between several viruses and the onset of preeclampsia via multiple pathways. However, the results of experimental and clinical research are not always consistent. Therefore, future studies should investigate the causal link between viral infections and preeclampsia to elucidate the mechanism behind this relationship and the etiology of preeclampsia itself.
Decentralised clinical trials in rural Australia: Opportunities and challenges
Authors: Walsh Sandra , Dettwiller Pascale , Puah Lee , Beks Hannah , Versace Vincent , Jones Martin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTo present opportunities and a model to redress the under‐representation of rural communities and people in Australian clinical trials.ContextClinical trials are essential for building and understanding the health evidence base. The lack of representation of rural people in clinical trials is evident in other countries. Examining the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) suggests this is also the case in Australia.ApproachWe propose an approach that empowers rurally based academics and clinicians to co‐design clinical trials and increase rural Australians' participation in clinical trials to address this inequality of access. A case study of a decentralised, co‐designed clinical trial is presented to support this approach.ConclusionDecentralising clinical trials could improve access to clinical trials, strengthen the social capital of rural communities and help address the health inequalities that exist between rural and metropolitan communities.
Regional practice variation in hysterectomy and the implementation of less invasive surgical procedures: A register‐based study in the Netherlands
Authors: Vink Maarten D. H. , Portrait France R. M. , Hehenkamp Wouter J. K. , van Wezep Tim , Koolman Xander , Bongers Marlies Y. , van der Hijden Eric J. E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionMany women experience bleeding disorders that may have an anatomical or unexplained origin. Although hysterectomy is the most definitive and common treatment, it is highly invasive and resource‐intensive. Less invasive therapies are therefore advised before hysterectomy for women with fibroids or bleeding disorders. This study has two aims related to treating bleeding disorders and uterine fibroids in the Netherlands: (1) to evaluate the regional variations in prevalence and surgical approaches; and (2) to assess the associations between regional rates of hysterectomies and less invasive surgical techniques to analyze whether hysterectomy can be replaced in routine practice.Material and methodsWe completed a register‐based study of claims data for bleeding disorders and fibroids in women between 2016 and 2020 using data from Statistics Netherlands for case‐mix adjustment. Crude and case‐mix adjusted regional hysterectomy rates were examined overall and by surgical approach. Coefficients of variation were used to measure regional variation and regression analyses were used to evaluate the association between hysterectomy and less invasive procedure rates across regions.ResultsOverall, 14 186 and 8821 hysterectomies were performed for bleeding disorders and fibroids, respectively. Laparoscopic approaches predominated (bleeding disorders 65%, fibroids 49%), followed by vaginal (bleeding disorders 24%, fibroids 5%) and abdominal (bleeding disorders 11%, fibroids 46%) approaches. Substantial regional differences were noted in both hysterectomy rates and the surgical approaches. For bleeding disorders, regional hysterectomy rates were positively associated with endometrial ablation rates (β = 0.11; P = 0.21) and therapeutic hysteroscopy rates (β = 0.14; P = 0.31). For fibroids, regional hysterectomy rates were positively associated with therapeutic hysteroscopy rates (β = 0.10; P = 0.34) and negatively associated with both embolization rates (β = −0.08; P = 0.08) and myomectomy rates (β = −0.03; P = 0.82).ConclusionsRegional variation exists in the rates of hysterectomy and minimally invasive techniques. The absence of a significant substitution effect provides no clear evidence that minimally invasive techniques have replaced hysterectomy in clinical practice. However, although the result was not significant, embolization could be an exception based on its stronger negative association.
Prospective evaluation of patients with non‐cirrhotic portal hypertension: A single centre study
Authors: Mironova Maria , Gopalakrishna Harish , Viana Rodriguez Gracia Maria , Abdul Majeed Nehna , Hitawala Asif A. , Fuss Ivan J. , Bergerson Jenna R. E. , Faust Alison J. , Laurin Jacqueline M. , Norman‐Wheeler Jaha , Scott Shani , Hercun Julian , Redd Bernadette , Kleiner David E. , Koh Christopher , Heller Theo 
Published: April 2024

SummaryBackgroundNon‐cirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH) is a spectrum of liver diseases, including porto‐sinusoidal vascular disorder, with portal hypertension (PH) in the absence of cirrhosis. The natural history and diagnostic approach to NCPH are not well understood.AimWe aimed to evaluate disease progression and outcomes in NCPH.MethodsPatients with or at risk for NCPH were enrolled in a single centre prospective study; two groups were formed based on the presence of specific features of PH, such as varices, collaterals, portal hypertensive gastropathy or portal hypertensive bleeding. All participants underwent a baseline liver biopsy. Liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and imaging were repeated every 6–12 months.ResultsFifteen patients without specific features of PH (Group I), and 35 patients with specific features (Group II) were enrolled. The median follow‐up time was 50 months. Group II had higher hepatic venous pressure gradients, non‐invasive measures of PH and a lower platelet count (PLT) when compared to Group I. Rates of survival and decompensation were similar in both groups. Patients with PLT ≤100 K/mcL had lower survival compared to those with PLT >100 K/mcL. Patients with LSM ≥10 kPa had lower survival and survival without decompensation when compared to patients with LSM <10 kPa.ConclusionsPatients irrespective of specific features of PH had similar survival or survival without decompensation. Patients without specific features are at risk for disease progression and should be monitored closely. Thrombocytopenia and increased LSM are associated with severe forms of liver disease, which are strongly associated with outcomes.
Adjuvant intravesical therapy in intermediate‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Laukhtina Ekaterina , Gontero Paolo , Babjuk Marko , Moschini Marco , Teoh Jeremy Yuen‐Chun , Rouprêt Morgan , Trinh Quoc‐Dien , Chlosta Piotr , Nyirády Péter , Abufaraj Mohammad , Soria Francesco , Klemm Jakob , Bekku Kensuke , Matsukawa Akihiro , Shariat Shahrokh F. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of adjuvant therapy on oncological outcomes in patients with intermediate‐risk non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), as due to the poorly‐defined and overlapping diagnostic criteria optimal decision‐making remains challenging in these patients.Patients and MethodsIn this multicentre study, patients treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumour for Ta disease were retrospectively analysed. All patients with low‐ or high‐risk NMIBC were excluded from the analysis. Associations between adjuvant therapy administration with recurrence‐free survival (RFS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) rates were assessed in Cox regression models.ResultsA total of 2206 patients with intermediate‐risk NMIBC were included in the analysis. Among them, 1427 patients underwent adjuvant therapy, such as bacille Calmette–Guérin (n = 168), or chemotherapeutic agents, such as mitomycin C or epirubicin (n = 1259), in different regimens up to 1 year. The median (interquartile range) follow‐up was 73.3 (38.4–106.9) months. The RFS at 1 and 5 years in patients treated with adjuvant therapy and those without were 72.6% vs 69.5% and 50.8% vs 41.3%, respectively. Adjuvant therapy was associated with better RFS (hazard ratio [HR] 0.79, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.70–0.89, P < 0.001), but not with PFS (P = 0.09). In the subgroup of patients aged ≤70 years with primary, single Ta Grade 2 <3 cm tumours (n = 328), adjuvant therapy was not associated with RFS (HR 0.71, 95% CI 0.50–1.02, P = 0.06). While in the subgroup of patients with at least one risk factor including patient age >70 years, tumour multiplicity, recurrent tumour and tumour size ≥3 cm (n = 1878), adjuvant intravesical therapy was associated with improved RFS (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.68–0.88, P < 0.001).ConclusionIn our study, patients with intermediate‐risk NMIBC benefit from adjuvant intravesical therapy in terms of RFS. However, in patients without risk factors, adjuvant intravesical therapy did not result in a clear reduction in the recurrence rate.
Fungal endophytes can modulate plant invasion
Authors: Bard Nicholas W. , Cronk Quentin C. B. , Davies T. Jonathan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTSymbiotic organisms may contribute to a host plant's success or failure to grow, its ability to maintain viable populations, and potentially, its probability of establishment and spread outside its native range. Intercellular and intracellular microbial symbionts that are asymptomatic in their plant host during some or all of their life cycle – endophytes – can form mutualistic, commensal, or pathogenic relationships, and sometimes novel associations with alien plants. Fungal endophytes are likely the most common endosymbiont infecting plants, with life‐history, morphological, physiological, and plant‐symbiotic traits that are distinct from other endophytic guilds. Here, we review the community dynamics of fungal endophytes during the process of plant invasion, and how their functional role may shift during the different stages of invasion: transport, introduction (colonisation), establishment, and spread. Each invasion stage presents distinct ecological filters that an alien plant must overcome to advance to the subsequent stage of invasion. Endophytes can alternately aid the host in overcoming stage‐specific filters, or contribute to the barriers imposed by filters (e.g. biotic resistance), thereby affecting invasion pathways. A few fungi can be transported as seed endophytes from their native range and be vertically transmitted to future generations in the non‐native range, especially in graminoids. In other plant groups, alien plants mostly acquire endophytes via horizontal transmission from the invaded plant community, and the host endophyte community is shaped by host filtering and biogeographic factors (e.g. dispersal limitation, environmental filtering). Endophytes infecting alien plants (both those transported with their host and those accumulated in the non‐native range) may influence invasion success by affecting plant growth, reproduction, environmental tolerance, and pathogen and herbivory defences; however, the direction and magnitude of these effects can be contingent upon the host identity, life stage, ecological conditions, and invasion stage. This context dependence may cause endophytic fungi to shift to a non‐endophytic (e.g. pathogenic) functional life stage in the same or different hosts, which can modify alien–native plant community dynamics. We conclude by identifying paths in which alien hosts can exploit the context dependency of endophyte function in novel abiotic and biotic conditions and at the different stages of invasion.
Live archives: Freedom of information requests as political methodology
Authors: Schmidt Jeremy J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFreedom of information requests are an important research tool yet receive comparably little methodological scrutiny relative to other methods commonly used by geographers. This article considers two methodological aspects to freedom of information requests. The first is how they operate as “live archives” that take shape as batches of files are compiled in ways that reflect search terms, negotiations over the scope of requests, bureaucratic processes, and considered judgments of researchers in response to variables both within and beyond their control. The second considers how freedom of information requests operate as a political methodology through the encounter they produce with state bureaucracies. Using examples that cut across these concerns and illuminate some of the ways that methodological scrutiny matters, the article discusses how freedom of information requests present overlapping yet distinct concerns for qualitative research on issues of reflexivity, ethics, and positionality. The methodological concerns that arise are not frequently discussed but, as with other methods, are important to understanding the limits and reach of data collection, analysis, and accessibility both for researchers and for the communities who may have interest in, or be impacted by, geographic research.
Inter and intra‐operator reliability of Lekholm and Zarb classification and proposal of a novel radiomic data‐driven clustering for qualitative assessment of edentulous alveolar ridges
Authors: Troiano Giuseppe , Rapani Antonio , Fanelli Francesco , Berton Federico , Caroprese Marino , Lombardi Teresa , Zhurakivska Khrystyna , Stacchi Claudio 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present study was conducted to evaluate the reproducibility of Lekholm and Zarb classification system (L&Z) for bone quality assessment of edentulous alveolar ridges and to investigate the potential of a data‐driven approach for bone quality classification.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six expert clinicians were asked to classify 110 CBCT cross‐sections according to L&Z classification (T0). The same evaluation was repeated after one month with the images put in a different order (T1). Intra‐ and inter‐examiner agreement analyses were performed using Cohen's kappa coefficient (CK) and Fleiss' kappa coefficient (FK), respectively. Additionally, radiomic features extraction was performed from 3D edentulous ridge blocks derived from the same 110 CBCTs, and unsupervised clustering using 3 different clustering methods was used to identify patterns in the obtained data.ResultsIntra‐examiner agreement between T0 and T1 was weak (CK 0.515). Inter‐examiner agreement at both time points was minimal (FK at T0: 0.273; FK at T1: 0.243). The three different unsupervised clustering methods based on radiomic features aggregated the 110 CBCTs in three groups in the same way.ConclusionsThe results showed low agreement among clinicians when using L&Z classification, indicating that the system may not be as reliable as previously thought. The present study suggests the possible application of a reproducible data‐driven approach based on radiomics for the classification of edentulous alveolar ridges, with potential implications for improving clinical outcomes. Further research is needed to determine the clinical significance of these findings and to develop more standardized and accurate methods for assessing bone quality of edentulous alveolar ridges.