bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF OESTROGEN ON PITUITARY FUNCTION IN THE THYROIDECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Amesbury O. F. , Contopoulos A. N. , Koneff A. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of oestrogen administration on normal and thyroidectomized male rats were studied and compared with control groups. Determinations of trophic hormones in plasma and anterior pituitary glands were attained by bioassay procedures.
In the intact rat injected with oestrogen, the growth hormone content of the anterior pituitary gland was decreased, whereas in the thyroidectomized male rats the content was elevated to levels above normal. It was found that the growth promoting potency of plasma from thyroidectomized male animals could be restored to normal levels by the administration of oestrogen.
The administration of oestrogen to the thyroidectomized rat did not affect the TSH content of pituitary glands or plasma, whereas in the intact rat, resulted in a decrease in the TSH content of the pituitary gland.
Administration of oestrogen decreased the gonadotrophic content of the pituitary gland in the normal and thyroidectomized rat.
Pituitary glands from thyroidectomized rats injected with oestrogens showed reappearance of acidophils coupled with the typical development of post-thyroidectomy basophils.
3β-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN FOETAL TESTIS
Authors: Baillie A. H. , Niemi M. , Ikonen M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Sections of testes from nine human foetuses ranging in crown-rump length from 3.0 to 18.3 cm were incubated to determine 3β-hydroxy-steroid dehydrogenase activity histochemically with the following steroids:
3β-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (pregnenolong). 3β,17α-dihydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (17α-hydroxypregnenolone). 3β-hydroxy-androst-5-en-17-one (DHA). 3β,17β-dihydroxy-androst-5-ene (androstenediol). 3β-sulphoxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (pregnenolone sulphate). 3β-sulphoxy-1 7α-hydroxy-pregn-5-en-20-one (17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone sulphate) 3β-sulphoxy-androst-5-en-17-one (DHAsulphate). 3β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one (epiandrosterone).
Pregnenolone and DHA gave a colour reaction in the interstitium of all testes studied. 17α-hydroxypregnenolone was utilised by testes from foetuses of C-R length 8.8 cm and over, androstenediol by testes from foetuses of C-R length 6.1 cm and over. These facts are thought to support the concept of separate substrate-specific 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the testis.
Pregnenolone sulphate was used by the interstitial cells of all testes studied but gave a stronger reaction than the free steroid. 17α-hydroxy-pregnenolone sulphate was used by all foetal testes surveyed. DHA sulphate was not well used by the interstitial cells. The utilisation of steroid sulphates in a different manner from the free steroids in this histochemical system may mean that the presence of a sulphate group affects enzyme-substrate binding or that a steroid sulphatase is involved.
Intense formazan deposition followed incubation with epiandrosterone in all testes studied. This seems to imply that a δ5 configuration is not necessary for enzyme-substrate binding.
DISSOCIATION OF THE CALORIGENIC ACTION OF THYROID HORMONES FROM THE DEIODINATION OF L-THYROXINE IN VIVO
Authors: Anbar M. , Inbar M. , Tata J. R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The rate of deiodination of L-thyroxine was measured in vivo in normal and thyroidectomized rats by a technique of double isotope (125I and 131I) labelling. Small doses of Actinomycin D administered at the same time as 3,5,3′-triiodo-L-thyronine or L-thyroxine almost completely abolished the stimulatory effect of the hormones on basal metabolic rate (B. M. R.) but slightly elevated the rate of deiodination of L-thyroxine. When studied sequentially, the stimulation of B. M. R. preceded the increase in rate of deiodination of the hormone following a single injection of triiodothyronine to thyroidectomized rats. These results suggest that the rate of deiodination is not directly associated with the action of thyroid hormones.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS ON PITUITARY-THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE RAT
Authors: de Jong W. , Moll J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to determine more precisely the areas and possible neural pathways involved in pituitary-thyroid activity, lesions were made in a variety of locations within the hypothalamus by means of stereotaxy and high frequency coagulation. Lesions were either single midline lesions or double bilaterally placed lesions. Single midline lesions which destroyed the area between the fornix bundles at the level of the paraventricular nuclei (PVN), resulted in a reduction in the rate of thyroidal radioiodine release in rats maintained at room temperature and such lesions also blocked the thyroidal response to cold (4° C). A comparison was made between the effects of these lesions and of similar lesions located immediately anterior, posterior, superior, inferior and lateral to the PVN site. Single midline lesions just inferior to the PVN caused inhibition of the thyroid response to cold but at room temperature they appeared to be less effective than midline lesions at the level of the PVN. When lesions were made anterior to the PVN, the cold response was partially blocked, but there was no effect on thyroid activity at room temperature. In contrast, complete absence of any effects on thyroid activity was observed, following coagulation of midline structures either superior or posterior to the PVN site. Bilaterally placed lesions, located laterally to the PVN were also ineffective provided the region immediately adjacent to the midline was left intact.
When animals with lesions of the PVN site were placed on a diet containing 0.3 % methylthiouracil (MTU), goitre development was retarded at 2 and at 4 weeks, but thyroid weight equalled that of the control animals after 40 days of MTU treatment. After still longer periods on MTU, goitres seemed to regress again to some extent in the lesioned rats. Thyroxine administration to rats bearing identical lesions resulted in inhibition of the radioiodine release rate. However, injection of 2 μg of thyroxine daily was insufficient to cause inhibition of iodine release in the lesioned rats, although such a dose was effective in the control animals.
THE EXTRATHYROIDAL DISTRIBUTION OF 131I THYROXINE
Authors: Blomstedt B. , Plantin L. O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The elimination of radioactivity from the blood stream has been examined in 6 subjects after intravenous administration of 131I-thyroxine. About 50 per cent of the radioactivity left the blood within 60–90 minutes and 75 per cent within 6 hours. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments there was a rapid linking of the labelled thyroxine to the serum proteins.
The elimination of radioactivity from the blood and the excretion in urine and faeces was followed in 12 subjects for 12 days. To calculate the distribution and exchange of the labelled thyroxine between the various extrathyroidal pools, a model comprising 4 pools was constructed. The working of the model was analysed by means of an analogue computer. There was a close agreement between the curves thus obtained and those yielded by empirical methods. According to the 4-pool model 6 – 7 times the intravascular thyroxine pool was exchanged with the extravascular pool in 24 hours.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF ADRENALECTOMY AND GONADECTOMY ON THYROID FUNCTION IN THE RAT
Authors: Grunt Jerome A. , Cunningham Russell D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Thyroid function has been evaluated in male and female rats which had been either sham operated, gonadectomized, adrenalectomized, or adrenalectomized and gonadectomized on day 25, and killed at 180 days of age. No hormonal replacement therapy was utilized. Animals without adrenals showed increased thyroid weights, increased cell heights of follicular epithelium and decreased resin binding of 131I labeled triiodothyronine without significant changes in BEI. Possible mechanisms for these changes in thyroid function are discussed.
THE PRESENCE OF A »GONADOTROPHIN INHIBITING SUBSTANCE« IN PINEAL GLAND EXTRACTS
Authors: Soffer Louis J. , Fogel Marvin , Rudavsky Amiel Z. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A bovine pineal gland extract was found to inhibit the stimulatory effect of both human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) on mouse uterine weight, while melatonin displayed no such inhibitory activity. The pineal gland extract did not inhibit the stimulatory effect of oestrone.
ICSH-BESTIMMUNGEN IN HYPOPHYSEN VON REHBÖCKEN (CAPREOLUS CAPREOLUS) UND HIRSCHEN (CERVUS ELAPHUS) UNTER BERÜCKSICHTIGUNG DES SAISONEINFLUSSES
Authors: Brüggemann J. , Adam A. , Karg H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ICSH-content was determined in the pituitary glands of 24 adult male roe-deers as well as in 22 adult and 15 juvenile male red-deers. In the adult animals the highest ICSH concentration appeared within 10 weeks before the rutting-season. During the rutting-season a marked decrease in the ICSH concentration was observed, associated with a maximum development of the Leydig interstitial cells, of the testes and of the vesicular glands. These findings are discussed in relation to the endocrine feedback mechanism.
The ICSH determinations were carried out by the ascorbic-acid-depletion test. Preliminary investigations revealed that the addition of large amounts of FSH may act synergistically with LH.
EFFECTS OF ADMINISTRATION OF METOPIRON AND OF DELIVERY ON HUMAN PLASMA CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Holmdahl Tore H:son 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The ACTH activity of human peripheral blood was assayed during two types of stimuli: 1) administration of SU-4885 (Metopiron® CIBA), 2) normal delivery. Metopiron produced an increase of plasma ACTH activity in 3 normal subjects but failed to do so in 1 case of pituitary tumour. Of the 7 cases of normal delivery studied, 4 showed a significant increase in plasma ACTH activity at the time of delivery.
INHIBITION OF FERTILITY IN MICE BY STEROID IMPLANTS
Authors: Pi A. Folch , Oriol A. , Lasso L. Herrera , Maqueo M. , Dorfman Ralph I. , Kincl Fred A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Inhibition of fertility in female mice by steroid implants has been studied. 19-Norprogesterone, 10% and 20 % pellets, and testosterone, 15% and 45 % pellets, were effective fertility inhibitors in female mice. Two important antifertility steroids, chlormadinone and 17α-acetoxypregn-4,6-diene-3,20-dione were only moderately effective. The present data on a relatively limited number of compounds indicate that the anti-fertility activity of progestational agents in normal female mice is a parameter independent of the basic progestational activity, anti-ovulatory activity and anti-oestrogenic activity.
GENERAL EFFECTS OF α-MELANOCYTE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE RABBIT
Authors: Dyster-Aas H. K. , Krakau C. E. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In addition to the previously described permeability disturbance in the blood aqueous barrier of the eye, measured as an increase of the aqueous flare, a series of transitory systemic effects have been recorded following the subcutaneous injection of synthetic α-MSH:
marked increase of the free fatty acids in plasma, decrease in the serum calcium level, decrease in the blood pressure, increase in the skin temperature, increased frequency and diminished amplitude of respiration, presence of slow waves in the EEG.
There is a correlation between the magnitude of the aqueous flare increase and the increase of free fatty acids in plasma and also between the aqueous flare and the minimum serum calcium level.
THE EFFECT OF STEROIDS ON MOUSE SEX ACCESSORY FRUCTOSE LEVELS
Authors: Thomas John A. , Strauss Albert J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The administration of testosterone to the intact mouse produced alterations in the levels of fructose in seminal vesicles and prostate glands. A ten day injection period was more effective in causing increases in fructose levels in sex accessory organs than was a five day injection period. The added stimulation of fructose observed in the intact mouse treated for the more extended period of injection was not due simply to the increased amount of testosterone. A comparison of fructose levels in testosterone treated castrate mice with those of the intact series of mice suggests the presence of endogenous substances other than testosterone capable of stimulating the secretion of this sugar in sex accessory organs. Castration led to a more rapid fructose reduction in seminal vesicles than in anterior lobes of the prostate gland. Testosterone, testosterone propionate and methyl testosterone were capable of restoring fructose levels to essentially normal values in the castrate mouse. Norethandrolone, norethindrone and ethisterone caused progressive increases in organ fructose, but were less effective than either testosterone or testosterone propionate. Progesterone or norethynodrel had little effect upon fructose metabolism. Structural modifications of the testosterone molecule result in diminished fructose forming properties in sex accessory organs of the castrate mouse.
THE EXTRACTION OF PROLACTIN FROM HUMAN PITUITARY GLANDS
Authors: Apostolakis M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A method for the extraction of prolactin from human pituitary glands is described. It is based on acetone drying, distilled water extraction, acetone and isoelectric precipitation. Two main products are obtained: Fraction R8 with a mean prolactin activity of 12.2 IU/mg and fraction U8 with a mean prolactin activity of 8.6 IU/mg. The former fraction does not contain any significant gonadotrophin activity and the latter contains on an average 50 HMG U/mg. In both cases contamination with ACTH and MSH is minimal. The growth hormone activity of both these fractions is low. It is postulated that in man too, prolactin and growth hormone are two distinct hormones. A total of 1250 human pituitary glands have been processed by this method. The mean prolactin content per pituitary gland has been found to be 73 IU.
METABOLISM OF OESTRONE AND OESTRADIOL IN THE HUMAN FOETO-PLACENTAL UNIT AT MIDPREGNANCY
Authors: Schwers J. , Eriksson G. , Diczfalusy E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In four cases of therapeutic abortion by laparotomy, tracer amounts of oestrone-6,7-3H and 17β-oestradiol-16-14C were injected into the umbilical vein 20 minutes prior to the interruption of gestation, and the radioactive material recovered from the placenta and various foetal tissues was analysed.
More than 92 per cent of the radioactive material recovered from the foetus, but less than 15 per cent of that present in the placenta, was in a conjugated form. Among the foetal tissues studied, the highest percentage of unconjugated (free) radioactive material (25 per cent) occurred in the adrenals.
Determination of the isotopic ratios revealed that complete interconversion of injected material was approached only by the oestrone and 17β-oestradiol isolated from the conjugated fraction of the liver. Approximately 10 per cent of the radioactive material recovered from the foetal liver and smaller amounts of that found in the placenta and residual foetal tissues were isolated and identified as oestriol. The isotopic ratio of oestriol isolated from different sources approached very closely that of conjugated oestrone and 17β-oestradiol in the foetal liver, but was distinctly different from the isotopic ratio of free and conjugated oestrone and 17β-oestradiol in all other tissues.
At least 9 additional metabolites were detected in the conjugated fraction of the foetal liver. One of them was identified as 15α-hydroxy-17β-oestradiol, another one as 16- (or possibly 17-) epioestriol, and two were ring D ketolic oestrogens, most probably 16α-hydroxyoestrone and 16-oxo-17β-oestradiol. The isotopie ratios of all identified compounds were similar to those of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol isolated from the same fraction.
It is concluded that in the foeto-placental unit at midpregnancy, the liver is the main site of oestrone and 17β-oestradiol metabolism and that this metabolism takes place predominantly in a conjugated form, most probably in form of 3-sulphates.
THE EFFECT OF A SINGLE LARGE DOSE OF 9α-FLUOROPREDNISOLONE ON NUCLEODEPOLYMERASE ACTIVITY AND NUCLEIC ACID CONTENT OF THE RAT THYMUS
Authors: Wiernik Peter H. , MacLeod Robert M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The injection of male rats with 25 mg 9α-fluoroprednisolone/kg body weight caused a 29 % decrease in thymus RNA concentration 20 hours after injection. At this time, acid RNase activity had increased to more than twice control values. Alkaline RNase activity in whole thymus homogenates were increased 4 hours post injection. The removal of an alkaline RNase inhibitor from thymus homogenates greatly altered the response to steroid. Control values of alkaline RNase activity were 6 fold greater in homogenates from which the inhibitor had been removed. No effect of steroid on alkaline RNase activity was detected in homogenates from which the inhibitor was removed.
DNase II activity was significantly elevated 2 hours post injection and reached a peak 2 hours later. No decrease in DNA concentration of thymus homogenates could be demonstrated.
ACTION DES DÉRIVÉS ACÉTYLÉS DE L'HORMONE THYRÉOTROPE SUR LA STIMULATION DE LA CELLULE THYROIDIENNE PAR L'HORMONE THYRÉOTROPE
Authors: Rodesch F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Whereas acetylated thyrotrophin preparations antagonize thyrotrophin in vivo (Sonenberg & Money 1957, 1960), we have demonstrated that this inhibitory activity of acetylated thyrotrophin preparations against thyrotrophin does not exist in vitro.
The material studied was the thyroid glands of dogs.
STEROID TRANSFORMATIONS IN VITRO BY TESTICULAR TISSUE FROM TWO CASES OF TESTICULAR FEMINISATION
Authors: Neher R. , Kahnt F. W. , Roversi G. D. , Bompiani A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cryptorchid testicular and testicular adenoma tissue obtained from two patients with the testicular feminisation syndrome was incubated with 3Hor 14C-labelled pregnenolone, 17-hydroxy-pregnenolone, progesterone and androstenedione. In the tissue of both patients a similar steroid transformation pattern was observed.
There was abundant biosynthesis of testosterone from androstenedione but rather little from the other precursors. Oestrone and oestradiol were formed only from androstenedione. There is ample evidence of both 17-hydroxylation and side-chain splitting, in particular with the δ5-precursors. From the ratio of the δ5- and δ4-steroids identified, it is concluded that there was, however, little dehydrogenation of the 3β-hydroxyl group.
Though there seems to be no qualitative difference as compared with what is known about the possible pathways in testicular tissue from various species, our findings contrast to some extent with those reported previously by other investigators in a few cases of testicular feminisation. The possible role of anti-androgens is discussed.
INHIBITION OF SEXUAL DEVELOPMENT IN MALE AND FEMALE RATS TREATED WITH VARIOUS STEROIDS AT THE AGE OF FIVE DAYS
Authors: Kind Fred A. , Pi A. Folch , Maqueo M. , Lasso L. Herrera , Oriol A. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of various steroids injected into 5 day old male and female rats was evaluated at the age of 45 days. In the males the degree in which testes and accessory sex tissues were atrophied, and in the females the degree of inhibition of luteinization were the indices.
Various synthetic oestrogens were potent inhibitors of sexual development in both sexes while androgens were less active. The activity of several oestrogens in this test does not correlate with oestrogenic potency as measured in the uterotrophic test. Testosterone propionate produced moderate atrophy of testes and accessory sex tissue but spermatogenesis was not impaired.
COMPARATIVE ICSH-ESTIMATIONS IN THE SERUM OF GONADECTOMIZED MALE AND FEMALE RATS WITH A TRANSPLANTED OVARY
Authors: Swelheim T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In adult female rats an ICSH-peak in the serum was found in the afternoon of pro-oestrus (preliminary experiments). ICSH was determined by the ventral prostate assay. Comparative ICSH-determinations were carried out in the serum of adult gonadectomized male and female rats with an ovarian transplant. Gonadectomy and transplantation of an ovary into the right hind-leg had been carried out two months previously. Irrespective as to whether there were corpora lutea in the transplants of castrated males, the ICSH-level in the serum of the males did not differ from the base level in the serum of the females. The ICSH-peak in the serum of the females (afternoon of pro-oestrus) exceeded this level.
The relation between the ICSH-peak in the serum and ovulation was demonstrated by the fact that there was no ICSH-peak on the day of prooestrus in spayed females with an ovarian transplant, which in previous cycles had passed through a two days' oestrus.
It is suggested that the difference in behaviour between ovarian transplants in spayed females and castrated males might be an expression of the same sex difference as that which appears in response to a single high dose of oestrogen.
DOSAGE DE L'HORMONE LUTEINISANTE DANS LE PLASMA HUMAIN. RESULTATS CHEZ LES SUJETS NORMAUX DES DEUX SEXES
Authors: Louchart Jean , Truffert Jacqueline , Decourt Jacques 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An assay method for luteinizing hormone in human plasma is described. The results in healthy men and women are reported: in ten men, a significant level is constantly found, varying from 5 to 14 μg/2.5 ml of plasma. In three women with normal menses, a very low level is found during the preovulatory period, rising significantly at mid-cycle to return afterwards to lower levels, these remaining higher than preovulatory ones.
STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF NIDATION. XVI.
Authors: Kraicer P. F. , Shelesnyak M. C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
One mg of ergocornine methanesulphate was injected into pseudopregnant rats; the time at which the vaginal smear became pro-oestrous was noted. Pro-oestrus appeared two days after the injection of ergocornine, independent of whether the drug was administered on days L1, L2, L3, L4 or L5 (L1 = first day of leucocytic vaginal smear). Injection of 5 mg/d progesterone delayed, but did not usually prevent, the onset of pro-oestrus. Pro-oestrus appeared 3 days after the last injection of progesterone. These results show that ergocornine induces the appearance of oestrus by effecting progesterone withdrawal rather than by direct activation of folliculotrophins.
COMPARISON OF THE ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE, HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND AN ANABOLIC STEROID IN HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED RATS
Authors: Reiss M. , Sideman M. B. , Plichta E. S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and an anabolic steroid did not raise the weight of hypophysectomized rats: those substances, however, prevented the weight decrease seen in the first 3 weeks after operation of 200 g rats which were maintained both pre- and post-operatively on the same routine diet. HCG did not have this effect on hypophysectomized animals which had been also castrated.
It is assumed that the growth promoting action seen after HCG or anabolic steroid is due in normal animals and patients to an endogenous stimulation of growth hormone production by the pituitary anterior lobe.
URINARY EXCRETION OF INDIVIDUAL 17-KETOSTEROIDS IN CHILDREN
Authors: Vestergaard Per 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Data are presented for chromatographically separated urinary 17-ketosteroids from 35 normal, healthy children. All 17-ketosteroids present in adult urine were found in the childrens urine. In a few cases unidentified peaks were encountered.
The children showed a much higher variability than the adults, both in absolute excretion values and in steroid patterns.