bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human mummified brain from a medieval tomb with lime‐soil mixture barrier of the Joseon Dynasty, Korea
Authors: Kim M. J. , Oh C. S. , Lee I. S. , Lee B. H. , Choi J. H. , Lim D.‐S. , Yi Y. S. , Han W.‐J. , Kim Y.‐S. , Bok G. D. , Lee S. D. , Shin D. H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAlthough all of the Korean medieval mummies found up to the present time have shown relatively well‐preserved brains, relevant biomedical information has been difficult to acquire owing to the obstacles to obtaining permission to conduct invasive investigations. However, recently we were able to secure permission to investigate, through various forms of examination including dissection, a well‐preserved brain found in a lime‐soil mixture barrier (LSMB) tomb in Yongin, Korea, because the remains found within the tomb were mostly skeletal. As in the cases of mummified brains from tombs found in other countries, the current Yongin case showed well‐preserved grey and white matter within well demarcated brain lobes, on which sulci and gyri could be identified. On histological examination, we found that the remaining brain tissue was composed mainly of lipids, which seems to correspond to the preserved myelin sheath. The present paper is the first report on the general preservation status of a mummified brain found in Korea. Moreover, because mummified brains are found quite frequently in LSMB medieval tombs, this study could provide a good basis upon which further such palaeo‐neuropathological studies can be progressed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Establishment of a PF2D‐MS/MS platform for rapid profiling and semiquantitative analysis of membrane protein biomarkers
Authors: Lee Hyoung‐Joo , Kwon Min‐Seok , Lee Eun‐Young , Cho Sang Yun , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCurrent proteome profiling techniques have identified relatively few mammalian membrane proteins despite their numerous important functions. To establish a standard throughput‐potential profiling platform for membrane proteins, Triton X‐100‐solubilized rat liver microsomal proteins were separated on a 2‐D separation system (2‐D liquid phase fractionation (PF2D)) in two different pH ranges (4.0–8.5 and 7.0–10.5). This system produced 182 proteins with more than two transmembrane domain (TMD), including 16 TMDs with high confidence. Comparative 2‐D liquid maps with high resolution and reproducibility have been constructed for liver microsome from the phenobarbital (PB) treated rats. PF2D was also found to be useful for the semiquantification of some representative cytochrome P450 family proteins (e.g., cytochrome P450 2B2) that were induced by PB treatment compared with untreated controls. Thus, the combination of both high‐detection capacity and rapid preliminary semiquantification in a PF2D platform could become a standard system for the routine analysis of membrane proteins.
Measurements on Particle Size Distribution and Concentration by Transmission Fluctuation Spectrometry with Temporal Correlation
Authors: Yu Bin , Shen Jianqi , Xu Yamin , Riebel Ulrich , Guo Xiaoai 
Published: June 2008

AbstractTransmission fluctuation spectrometry with temporal correlation (TFS‐TC) is a new method for particle analysis. When a narrow light beam irradiates on a particle dispersion flow, the variation of the number of particles in the small measuring zone will cause the transmitted light to fluctuate, which includes the complete information on both particle size distribution (PSD) and particle concentration. The method may be used for real‐time, inline/online applications due to its simplicity of measuring principle and experimental setup. Until recently, the theory has been limited to low particle concentrations. In this work, an experimental study of the TFS‐TC measurement is presented for a very wide range of the particle concentrations. By introducing an empirical correction including the high concentration effects and considering the effect from rheological conditions in the inversion algorithm, the particle size distribution and particle concentration are reconstructed, resulting in the coverage of a broad range of particle size and concentration.
Protocol for Automated Kinetic Investigation/Optimization of the RAFT Polymerization of Various Monomers
Authors: Becer Caglar Remzi , Groth Andrew M. , Hoogenboom Richard , Paulus Renzo M. , Schubert Ulrich S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA standard protocol for the parallel optimization of Reversible Addition–Fragmentation Chain Transfer (RAFT) polymerization conditions using an automated synthesizer is described in this report. Experimental design based on the knowledge obtained from previous screening experiments and the literature is the most effective initial step of the High‐Throughput Experimentation (HTE) cycle. In this paper, the polymerization procedure is explained step‐by‐step including preparation of stock solutions, inertization of the reactors and synthesizer environment, liquid transfers to or from the reactor vessels including sampling, as well as termination of the polymerization. Automated characterization techniques for the determination of monomer conversion and the molecular weight distribution of the polymers are discussed to complete the HTE cycle. Consequently, analysis of the data obtained from parallel screening of reactions and their products will result in the design of the next experimental cycle.
Monte Carlo localization in outdoor terrains using multilevel surface maps
Authors: Kümmerle Rainer , Triebel Rudolph , Pfaff Patrick , Burgard Wolfram 
Published: June 2008

AbstractWe propose a novel combination of techniques for robustly estimating the position of a mobile robot in outdoor environments using range data. Our approach applies a particle filter to estimate the full six‐dimensional state of the robot and utilizes multilevel surface maps, which, in contrast to standard elevation maps, allow the robot to represent vertical structures and multiple levels in the environment. We describe probabilistic motion and sensor models to calculate the proposal distribution and to evaluate the likelihood of observations. We furthermore describe an active localization approach that actively selects the sensor orientation of the two‐dimensional laser range scanner to improve the localization results. To efficiently calculate the appropriate orientation, we apply a clustering operation on the particles and evaluate potential orientations on the basis of these clusters. Experimental results obtained with a mobile robot in large‐scale outdoor environments indicate that our approach yields robust and accurate position estimates. The experiments also demonstrate that multilevel surface maps lead to a significantly better localization performance than standard elevation maps. They additionally show that further accuracy is obtained from the active sensing approach. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Convenient Synthesis and Properties of Polypropyleneimine Dendrimer‐Functionalized Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Larpent Chantal , Cannizzo Caroline , Delgado Anne , Gouanvé Fabrice , Sanghvi Paresh , Gaillard Cédric , Bacquet Gérard 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA simple synthesis of polymer core–dendrimer shell nanoparticles (NPs) in the 15–20‐nm‐diameter range is presented. Amine‐terminated polypropyleneimine (PPI) dendrimers DAB‐dendri‐(NH2)4 and DAB‐dendri‐(NH2)16 (DAB4 and DAB16) are covalently attached to the surface of primary polystyrene‐based NPs bearing reactive chlorobenzyl groups produced by microemulsion polymerization in the presence of a cationic surfactant. The grafting readily proceeds under mild conditions and leads to translucent aqueous suspensions of core–shell‐type NPs with a high density of peripheral amine groups that have been characterized relative to their size and chemical composition. The dendritic shell acts as a protective ionizable outer layer and provides an improvement of the colloidal stability in neutral and acidic media. The metal‐binding capacity of the PPI dendrimers is retained, and spectrophotometric titrations show that the dendrimer‐grafted NPs can trap a large number of Cu2+ ions (more than 900 Cu per NP‐DAB16). These properties make them potentially valuable templates for the elaboration of hybrid nanomaterials. The reactivity of the external amine groups is used to link covalently azobenzene chromophores (disperse Red 1 residues) through aza‐Michael addition in aqueous suspension. This simple method gives access to colored NPs with high dye contents in the outer layer (up to 1000–1500 dye molecules per NP), which indicates that dendrimer‐functionalized NPs are valuable building blocks for the construction of multifunctional nanomaterials.
Histopathological alterations in the liver of the sharptooth catfish Clarias gariepinus from polluted aquatic systems in South Africa
Authors: Marchand M. J. , van Dyk J. C. , Pieterse G. M. , Barnhoorn I. E. J. , Bornman M. S. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere is a need for sensitive bio‐monitoring tools in toxicant impact assessment to indicate the effect of toxicants on fish health in polluted aquatic ecosystems. Histopathological assessment of fish tissue allows for early warning signs of disease and detection of long‐term injury in cells, tissues, or organs. The aim of this study was to assess the degree of histopathological alterations in the liver of C. gariepinus from two dams in an urban nature reserve, (Gauteng, South Africa). Two dams (Dam 1 and Dam 2) were chosen for their suspected levels of toxicants. Water and sediments were sampled for metal and potential endocrine disrupting chemical analysis. A quantitative and qualitative histology‐based health assessment protocol was employed to determine the adverse health effects in fish. The analysis of blood constituents, fish necropsy, calculation of condition factors, and hepatosomatic indices were employed to support the findings of the qualitative and quantitative histological assessment of liver tissue. Assessment of the liver tissue revealed marked histopathological alterations including: structural alterations (hepatic cord disarray) affecting 27% of field specimens; plasma alterations (granular degeneration 98% and fatty degeneration 25%) of hepatocytes; an increase in melanomacrophage centers (32%); hepatocyte nuclear alterations (90%); and necrosis of liver tissue (14%). The quantitative histological assessment indicated that livers of fish collected from Dam 1 were more affected than the fish livers collected from Dam 2. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2009.
Difference in the sensitivity to chemical compounds between female and male neonates of Daphnia magna
Authors: Ikuno Erika , Matsumoto Takeru , Okubo Tomohiro , Itoi Shiro , Sugita Haruo 
Published: June 2008

AbstractDaphnia magna usually produce female offspring by parthenogenesis, and thus only female neonates are used to evaluate the environmental toxicity to chemicals. Additionally, it is known that male daphnids are induced by exposure to a juvenile hormone, methyl farnesoate, during late ovarian development. In this study, we investigated the concentration of methyl farnesoate in a 24‐h exposure producing 100% males, and the difference in sensitivity to chemical compounds, potassium dichromate, pentachlorophenol, and paraquat, between females and males, referring to OECD Test Guideline 202. The results show that the minimum concentration for 100%‐male induction of methyl farnesoate in adult females was 50 μg/L. In addition, acute toxicity tests (immobility test) with the other chemicals showed that male neonates have higher tolerance to potassium dichromate and pentachlorophenol than females for at least 24 h after birth, while no sex difference was observed in the sensitivity to paraquat. The differences in the median effective concentrations in these compounds between female and male neonates suggest two different overall modes of action. Using female daphnids for environmentally toxicity testing seems reasonable, since the females are more sensitive to chemicals than males. Furthermore, the method of male induction established in this study could be used for screening of endocrine disruptors. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.
Radioactivity concentrations in sediments on the coast of the Iranian province of Khuzestan in the Northern Persian Gulf
Authors: Pourahmad Jalal , Motallebi Abbasali , Asgharizadeh Farid , Eskandari Gholam Reza , Shafaghi Bijan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractGamma‐ray spectrometric analyses were performed on sediment samples from the coast of Khuzestan province (south west of Iran, neighbor to Iraq and Kuwait) to study the concentration of natural as well as man‐made radioactive sources. The coast of Khuzestan, which extends for ∼400 km is mainly soft areas of mud flats within different ecosystems including river mouth, estuaries, creeps, and small bays. Suspended material from the Iranian rivers including Arvand (Karun), Bahmanshir, Jarrahi, and Zohreh has settled to form these extensive soft areas. Eighty three samples were taken at different points along the coast in undisturbed areas at intervals of about 5 km since Fall 2005 to Winter 2006. Collection was carried out during low‐tide, where it was possible to collect sediments from the wet region that was covered by sea water during the high tide. At each of the sample sites, a sampling area of about 1 m2was considered. All samples were of a muddy nature, and were left to dry in open air before drying in the oven at 105°C for 2–3 days to remove all water content. The average activity concentration of the radionuclides226Ra (30 Bq/Kg),232Th (11 Bq/kg),238U (18 Bq/kg), and137Cs (2.6 Bq/kg) along the shore of Khuzestan reaches are much less than the values commonly assigned as the world average. Nevertheless in case of40K which is a long lived naturally occurring radionuclide, the result (481 Bq/kg) was higher than the world average which could be due to a large Kuwaiti oil spill and also fallout and deposition of tremendous amount of fly ashes which resulted from ignited Kuwaiti oil fields during the 2nd Persian Gulf war (1990–91). For man‐made137Cs and naturally occurring232Th, the western and eastern parts of Khuzestan shore showed higher concentrations than the middle part (Khooriat or creeps). For the long lived naturally occurring radionuclide40K and Gulf war238U (anti armor shells), there were no significant differences (P< 0.05) among the three regions. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.
Isolation and characterization of naphthalene‐degrading bacteria from sediments of Cadiz area (SW Spain)
Authors: Nair D. , Fernández‐Acero F. J. , García‐Luque E. , Riba I. , Del Valls T. A. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPetroleum hydrocarbon contamination of harbor sediments from shipping activity, fuel oil spills, and runoffs are becoming a great concern because of the toxicity and recalcitrance of many of the fuel components. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of most concern due to their toxicity, low volatility, resistance to degradation, and high affinity for sediments. Microorganisms, especially bacteria, play an important role in the biodegradation of these hydrocarbons. The objective of the present study was to characterize and isolate PAH‐(naphthalene) degrading bacteria in the coastal sediments of Cadiz (SW Spain), since this area is mostly polluted by PAH occurrence. A total of 16 naphthalene‐utilizing bacteria were isolated from these sites. Introduction of bacteria isolated from contaminated sediments into mineral medium contributed to the increased rate of hydrocarbon utilization. The bacterial isolates obtained from these sites are very potent in utilizing naphthalene and crude oil. It would be interesting to assess if the selected naphthalene‐degrading isolates may degrade other compounds of similar structure. Hence these isolates could be very helpful in bioremediating the PAH‐contaminated sites. Further pursue on this work might represent eco‐friendly solution for oil contamination on sea surface and coastal area. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol, 2008.
Effect of heat and frying on sunflower, oil stability
Authors: Robertson James A. , Morrison W. H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSunflowers are one of the most important sources of vegetable oils in the world, second only to soybeans. Although in use throughout many parts of the world, sunflower seed are just now beginning to attact attention and use in the United States. Composition of the oil appears to be dependent on area of production. Sunflower oil from seed grown in northern US typically contains 70% linoleic acid. In contrast, oil from seed produced in the South generally contains 40–50% linoleic acid and is higher in mono‐unsaturated fats. For most of the edible oil market, sunflower oil appears to have an advantage over most other vegetable oils. Lightly hydrogenated sunflower oil was compared with a cottonseed‐corn oil mixture for frying potato chips. Organoleptic evaluation indicated that chips did not differ significantly. We also evaluated the useful life of various sunflower seed oils for deep‐fat frying. Hydrogenated and unhydrogenated sunflower oils and a commercial shortening were used to deep‐fry raw potatoes. A plot of the log of the Active Oxygen Method (AOM) values of the oils versus time gave a straight line, the slope of which reflects the oxidizability of the oil. Data indicated that lightly hydrogenated northern sunflower oil was much less prone to oxidation after abuse than the commercial shortening and was useful for a longer time. The southern oil deteriorated faster than the northern sunflower oil, but the two oils were processed differently. Thus, in recent work, care was taken to process both northern and southern grown sunflower seed under identical conditions. Frying studies indicated that oil from southern grown seed was more stable than that from northern seed as would be expected from their fatty acid composition.
Improving the nutritional properties of rapessed
Authors: Slinger S. J. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractCanadian plant breeders have recently succeeded in producing rapeseed with <1% erucic acid in the oil and with a very low level of glucosinolates in the meal. One suchBrassica napus cultivar, ‘Tower,’ is now licensed. The meal from ‘Tower’ seed has been subjected to extensive chemical and biological testing and has proven to be a markedly superior product as compared with conventional rapeseed meals. This new cultivar is less goitrogenic and more palatable and gives satisfactory productive performance in animals at use levels well in excess of older varieties. The presence of high levels of erucic acid in older varieties made the oils undesirable, particularly because this compound is not well metabolized by cardiac and certain other tissues and results in pathological changes in a number of experimental animals. ‘Tower’ rapeseed oil is less cardiotoxic than high erucic oils and appears to be no more detrimental when used at the 20% level in animal diets than a number of other oils used in human foods.
Viscosity of linseed oil as a function of mineral spirits and temperature
Authors: Gallagher T. , Kline D. E. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract and SummaryThe viscosities of raw linseed oil, boiled linseed oil, and combinations of raw or boiled linseed oil with mineral spirits were measured as a function of temperature. In general, the viscosity data for these solutions were found to follow the equation n=BeE/RT, where n is viscosity, B is a constant, E is the activation energy of flow, and T is absolute temperature. The viscosity values interpolated from the regression equations at 25 C, 40 C, and 60 C were analyzed as a function of percent mineral spirits for raw and boiled linseed oils. The results suggest that linseed oilmineral spirits mixtures behave as ideal solutions.
Nitrogen balance of women consuming cottonseed protein
Authors: Alford B. B. , Kim S. , Onley K. 
Published: June 2008

Abstract and SummaryThis study investigated the ability of cottonseed protein in liquid formula diets to maintain the nitrogen balance of twelve young women at the level of protein intake usually eaten by adults in the United States. Four levels of defatted cottonseed flour (0, 30, 60, and 100%) and R1–5, a commercially available protein product presumed to be adequate to support nitrogen balance, were used to provide 10 grams of nitrogen. After equilibration each diet was fed for 7 days. Mean daily nitrogen balances were −0.05, S.D. 1.28, +0.76, S.D. 1.62; +0.35, S.D. 2.46; and +1.42, S.D. 1.88 for the 0, 30, 60, and 100% cottonseed diets. The ratios of essential to nonessential amino acids were 0.82, 0.76, 0.67, and 0.59 for the diets from 0 to 100% cottonseed. At the level fed in this study, cottonseed protein adequately maintained nitrogen equilibrium in young adult women.
Long‐term complications of septal dermoplasty in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
Authors: Levine Corinna G. , Ross Douglas A. , Henderson Katharine J. , Leder Steven B. , White Robert I. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveSeptal dermoplasty has been recommended as the treatment of choice for life‐threatening epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. This study evaluates the complications of septal dermoplasty in the management of transfusion‐dependent epistaxis.Study DesignConsecutive retrospective study.Subjects and MethodsBetween 1994 and 2006, septal dermoplasty was performed on 106 consecutive patients with transfusion dependent epistaxis. Of 103 potential patients, 37 either died or were lost to follow‐up, which left 66 patients for study. Data on complications and quality of life were collected on 50 (76%) of 66 patients (mean follow‐up, 3.75 years) via phone interview.ResultsSeventy‐eight percent experienced nasal odor; 72% had nasal crusting; 58% had decreased sense of smell; 30% noted worsened sinus infection; 88% could breathe through their nose; 86% stated improved quality of life.ConclusionSeptal dermoplasty remains an effective way of treating transfusion dependent epistaxis in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and subjectively improves their quality of life.
Traumatic neuroma of the tympanic (Jacobson's) nerve as a possible cause of otalgia
Authors: Naraev Boris G. , Linthicum Fred H. 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo show that traumatic neuroma of the tympanic (Jacobson's) nerve may be a cause of recurrent intractable otalgia in patients following radical mastoidectomies.Study DesignHistologic evaluation of four temporal bones from three patients with a history of recurrent otalgia following radical mastoidectomy.Subjects and MethodsThe medical records of three patients with multiple middle ear surgeries in four ears because of recurrent otalgia were reviewed. Histopathologic studies of the four temporal bones were performed.ResultsAll four of the temporal bones that underwent multiple surgeries were found to have traumatic neuromas of the tympanic (Jacobson's) nerve.ConclusionRecurrent otalgia in patients after radical middle ear surgery may be caused by a traumatic neuroma of the tympanic (Jacobson's) nerve.© 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology‐Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.