bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statins And Biomarkers In Claudicants With Peripheral Arterial Disease: Cross-sectional Study
Authors: DePalma Ralph G. , Hayes Virginia W. , May Patricia E. , Treat Cafferata H. , Mohammadpour Hamid A. , Brigg Laura A. , Chow‡ Bruce K. , Shamayeva Galina , Zacharski Leo R. 
Published: August 2007

This exploratory substudy of The Iron (Fe) and Atherosclerosis Study (FeAST) compared baseline inflammatory markers, including cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP), and ferritin, in subjects with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) taking statins with subjects with PAD who were not taking statins. Inflammatory markers in the serum of 47 subjects with PAD not taking statins and a healthy cohort of 21 medication-free men were compared with 53 PAD subjects taking statins at entry to the FeAST. Healthy subjects demonstrated lower levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-R1, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and CRP. TNF-α R1 averaged 2.28 ng/mL versus 3.52 ng/mL, p  =  .0025; IL-6 averaged 4.24 pg/mL versus16.61 pg/mL, p  =  .0008; and CRP averaged 0.58 mg/dL versus 0.92 mg/dL, p  =  .0192. A higher level of IL-6 was observed in PAD statin takers versus PAD subjects not taking statins: 19.47 pg/mL versus 13.24 pg/mL, p  =  .0455. As expected, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein levels were lower in the statin-treated group, p  =  .0006 and p  =  .0001, respectively. No significant differences in inflammatory cytokines were detected for varying doses of simvastatin. Additionally, no significant differences in inflammatory biomedical markers were found in subjects with PAD alone compared with those with concomitant coronary artery disease (CAD). Unexpectedly, serum inflammatory cytokine IL-6 levels were significantly higher in PAD subjects receiving statins. There was no difference in measured inflammatory markers in PAD subjects with concomitant CAD.
Total Laparoscopic Aortic Surgery Versus Minimal Access Techniques: Review Of More Than 600 Patients
Authors: Kolvenbach Ralf , Puerschel Ariane , Fajer Simone , Lin Judith , Wassiljew Sergej , Schwierz Elizabeth , Pinter Laslo 
Published: August 2007

In the following paper we describe our experience with a large number of patients in which either a laparoscopic assisted procedure or a total laparoscopic operation was performed. From 1996 until 2005 a total number of 638 aortic patients were operated on using a total laparoscopic or a laparoscopic assisted approach. A total laparoscopic operation was accomplished in 236 cases. A laparoscopic assisted aortic operation was performed in 402 patients. In aneurysm patients a tube graft was more frequently implanted. Thirty-day mortality was significantly higher in patients with a total laparoscopic abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (3.0%) compared to a laparoscopic assisted procedure (1.8%). There was no significant difference in mortality in patients with occlusive disease and a total laparoscopic aortofemoral bypass versus a laparoscopically assisted operation. The same tendency could be observed when analyzing the incidence of major perioperative complications. Again we found no significant difference in patients with occlusive disease yet more severe complications directly related to the operation in patients with a total laparoscopic aneurysm repair. There was a significantly increased complication rate in total laparoscopic aortoiliac repair with a bifurcated prosthesis compared to a tube graft repair: a tendency we could not observe in aneurysm patients with a laparoscopic assisted operation. Our data also show that there is a lot of room for technical improvements such as stapling devices or special grafts to reduce total operating times as well as the period of aortic crossclamping. The routine use of a minilaparotomy can hardly be a solution considering the technical drawbacks such as impaired vision and long term complications like ventral hernias. Compared to open surgery the midterm results of laparoscopic aortic procedures are promising. The time has come to prove that good results can be obtained in more than a few specialized centers.
Recent advances in piezospectroscopy
Authors: Clarke David R. , Gardiner Derek J. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Strain produces small but systematic changes in the Raman and luminescence spectra of solids. Piezospectroscopy is a technique that exploits these changes for determining stresses, usually from shifts in a characteristic spectral line. In this review in honor of Wolfgang Pompe, recent advances in piezospectroscopy applied to the determination of stresses in alumina materials are described.
Characteristic Curves based on 3D Non-isothermal Flow Computations in Single-screw Extruder for Non-Newtonian Fluids
Authors: Khalifeh A. , Clermont J.-R. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
This paper presents numerical applications of a finite-volume method to steady three-dimensional non-isothermal inertial flows in geometries related to a single-screw extruder, with the purpose to provide characteristic curves related to rheological parameters, geometrical and operating conditions. We consider incompressible fluids obeying Newtonian, non-Newtonian Carreau-Yasuda equations with different shear-thinning properties. The temperature dependence is described by a Williams-Landel-Ferry (WLF) equation. For discretizing the equations and unknowns, we use a staggered grid and solve the set of governing equations by a decoupled algorithm. The numerical results are presented in different gap conditions and allow us to state the rheological parameters, the screw parameters and the rotational velocity on the flow characteristics in a screw-barrel system.
Investigation on the Structure and Properties of Different PE Blown Films
Authors: Fatahi S. , Ajji A. , Lafleur P. G. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Molecular orientation and structure development during film blowing have a major effect on mechanical and physical properties of polyethylene films. In this work the structures and morphology of three different polyethylene blown films; linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) were studied. A series of blown films were produced at different process conditions. The orientation of lamellae and lamellar stacks and the morphology of the films were characterized by SEM, AFM and X-ray diffraction. SEM images of the film plane surface MT (Machine-Transverse) and cross section slices in TN (Transverse- Normal) and MN (Machine-Normal) planes were made and compared with AFM images. It was observed that the surface morphology reflects a continuation of the bulk morphology for the cases studied. Changes in the blown film process parameters, such as take up ratio (TUR), blow up ratio (BUR) and frost line height (FLH) have an effect on structural parameters, crystallinity and mechanical properties.
Multiple trajectories of physical aggression among adolescent boys and girls
Authors: Martino Steven C. , Ellickson Phyllis L. , Klein David J. , McCaffrey Daniel , Edelen Maria Orlando 
Published: August 2007

AbstractLatent growth mixture modeling was used to identify discrete patterns of physical aggression from Grades 7 to 11 among a sample of 1,877 youth. Four trajectory classes adequately explained the development of physical aggression in both boys and girls: Low/No Aggression; Persistent High Aggression; Desisting Aggression, characterized by decreasing risk throughout adolescence; and Adolescent Aggression, characterized by low early risk that increases until Grade 9, levels out, and then declines in late adolescence. Girls were less likely than boys were to be in any trajectory besides the Low/No Aggression trajectory. Parental supervision, deviant peer association, academic orientation, impulsivity, and emotional distress at Grade 7 were all strongly associated with trajectory class membership. These associations did not differ by gender. These findings strongly suggest that the processes involved in the development of physical aggression in adolescence operate similarly in boys and girls. Aggr. Behav. 34:61–75, 2008. ©2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ICF syndrome: High variability of the chromosomal phenotype and association with classical Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Schuetz C. , Barbi G. , Barth T.F.E. , Hoenig M. , Schulz A. , Möeller P. , Smeets D. , de Greef J.C. , van der Maarel S.M. , Vogel W. , Debatin K.‐M. , Friedrich W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report on two sibs with ICF syndrome (immunodeficiency, centromeric heterochromatin instability, and facial anomalies) diagnosed in the elder brother based on the typical chromosomal abnormalities present in 56% of metaphases from cultured lymphocytes. In a previous cytogenetic analysis this diagnosis had been missed due to low manifestation of the ICF chromosomal phenotype. Hypomethylation of classical satellites 2 and 3, and of α‐satellite DNA was shown in the lymphocytes of the younger sister. At 7 years of age the boy presented with hemiplegia due to tumerous invasion of the right brachial plexus. Histopathology revealed classical Hodgkin lymphoma, a neoplasia which might have been facilitated by the underlying genetic defect. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence of encephalocele in Texas, 1999–2002
Authors: Wen Shu , Ethen Mary , Langlois Peter H. , Mitchell Laura E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractEncephaloceles are congenital malformations characterized by a sac‐like protrusion of the brain and/or its' covering membranes through an opening in the skull. The etiology of encephalocele is considered to be complex, and in most cases the causes of this condition remain elusive. The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of encephalocele among deliveries to Texas residents during 1999–2002, and to identify maternal and demographic factors associated with encephalocele. Data were examined from 125 infants and fetuses with encephalocele and no identified chromosome abnormality; identified in Texas and delivered in 1999–2002. During the same period there were 1,449,943 live births. The birth prevalence of encephalocele and both crude and adjusted prevalence ratios were estimated from these data. Compared with the offspring of White women, encephaloceles were significantly more common among the offspring of Hispanic women (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34–2.70). In addition, compared to the offspring of women 25–29 years of age, encephaloceles were more common among the offspring of women 20–24 years of age (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.52, 95% CI 1.01–2.27) and those less than 20 years of age (adjusted prevalence ratio: 1.55, 95% CI 0.98–2.45). These findings add to the existing literature on the descriptive epidemiology of encephalocele. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zellweger syndrome resulting from maternal isodisomy of chromosome 1
Authors: Turner Claire L.S. , Bunyan David J. , Thomas N. Simon , Mackay Deborah J.G. , Jones Huw P. , Waterham Hans R. , Wanders Ronald J.A. , Temple I. Karen 
Published: August 2007

AbstractZellweger syndrome (ZS) is an autosomal recessive peroxisomal disorder that results from mutations in one of the peroxisome biogenesis (PEX) genes. This is the first patient reported with uniparental disomy (UPD) resulting in ZS, in this case maternal isodisomy of chromosome 1 involving reduction to homoallelism of a frameshift mutation within PEX 10. Other reported cases of UPD1, and evidence for the imprinting of genes on chromosome 1, are reviewed. The molecular findings in this patient have important implications for molecular testing and genetic counseling in ZS. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hemineglect: take a look at the back space
Authors: Viaud‐Delmon Isabelle , Brugger Peter , Landis Theodor 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVisual hemineglect, the failure to explore the half of space, real or imagined, contralateral to a cerebral lesion with respect to body or head, can be seen as an illustration of the brain's Euclidean representation of the left/right axis. Here we present two patients with left‐sided neglect, in whom only the left hemispace in front of an imagined and/or real body position was inaccessible, but the space behind them remained fully represented. These observations suggest that of the three Euclidean dimensions (up/down, left/right, and front/back), at least the latter two are modularly and separately represented in the human brain. Ann Neurol 2007
Evolution of hippocampal CA‐1 diffusion lesions in transient global amnesia
Authors: Bartsch Thorsten , Alfke Karsten , Deuschl Guenther , Jansen Olav 
Published: August 2007

AbstractObjectiveSelective focal MR‐Signal (diffusion‐) changes in the CA‐1 sector of the hippocampus have been described in transient global amnesia (TGA), but the pathophysiological substrate of these lesions is largely unknown. As several imaging and epidemiological findings point to a vascular origin an analysis of the temporal evolution of the hippocampal apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) changes may offer new understanding of the pathomechanisms of TGA.MethodsThe time course of the ADC of hippocampal DWI lesions in TGA patients was studied using serial 3 T high‐resolution MR‐imaging within 1‐10 days as well as 4‐6 months after TGA. ADC values from 76 MR‐studies were analyzed and expressed as ratio ADC (rADC) in reference to the unaffected hemisphere.ResultsTwenty‐nine patients with TGA showed 34 DWI lesions with corresponding T2 lesions in the CA‐1 sector of the hippocampal cornu ammonis within a time window of 24‐72 h after onset. Ratio ADC decreased below 1.0 (0.66 ± 0.08) 24 h after the acute TGA episode and did show a further significant decrease to 0.57 ± 0.1 after 3 days (p < 0.05). After 72 h, rADC increased and normalized around day 10 with rADC values of 1.0 (p < 0.05).InterpretationThe temporal evolution of the rADC in hippocampal signal changes in TGA shows a time course previously described for ischemic lesions in human stroke patients. This might imply a vascular origin of diffusion changes leading to a transient perturbation of memory relevant circuits in the hippocampus. Ann Neurol 2007
Hierarchische Nanofertigung: von geformten Zeolithnanopartikeln zu hochleistungsfähigen Trennmembranen
Authors: Snyder Mark A. , Tsapatsis Michael 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSeit über einem Jahrzehnt wird verstärkt an Alternativen zu energieintensiven industriellen Trennungen geforscht, die auf der hochauflösenden Selektivität dünner Zeolithfilme beruhen. Allerdings haben Membranen aus verwachsenen, orientierten Zeolithkristallen weder eine breite kommerzielle Anwendung gefunden, noch sind sie in Nischenmärkten verbreitet. Ursache dafür sind unbefriedigende Trennleistungen, hohe Kosten und Probleme bei der Maßstabsvergrößerung. Ein rationales Materialdesign war bis vor kurzem wegen des schwer aufzuklärenden Zeolithwachstumsmechanismus kaum möglich, sodass weitgehend empirisch vorgegangen wurde. Neue Einblicke in das Zeolithwachstum und jüngste Fortschritte beim Aufbau von Kristallmikrostrukturen und ‐morphologien, bei der Konstruktion kristalliner Monoschichten und der Synthese geordneter Filme bieten jedoch gute Ansätze, um auch die strikten Anforderungen industrieller Anwendungen zu erfüllen. Im Zusammenspiel mit neuartigen Verarbeitungmöglichkeiten sollte somit die Herstellung industriell nutzbarer Zeolithmembranen in hierarchischen Verfahren möglich werden. Diese Entwicklungen eröffnen vielversprechende Perspektiven nicht nur für Trennungen, sondern auch für den Aufbau neuartiger und komplexer Funktionsmaterialien wie molekularer Sensoren, mechanisch stabiler Dielektrika und neuartiger Reaktionsdiffusionssysteme.
Synthesis and nonlinear optical characterization of copolymers containing alternating 3,4‐dialkoxythiophene and (1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl)benzene units
Authors: Udayakumar D. , Kiran A. John , Adhikari A. V. , Chandrasekharan K. , Shashikala H. D. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe report the synthesis and linear and third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) characterization of two novel copolymers containing alternating 3,4‐dialkoxythiophene and 1,4‐bis(1,3,4‐oxadiazolyl)benzene units. The copolymers were synthesized with a precursor polyhydrazide route. Both copolymers exhibited fluorescence around 430 nm under the irradiation of UV light. The NLO measurements were made with the single‐beam Z‐scan technique with Nd:YAG nanosecond laser pulses at 532 nm. The nonlinear refractive index of the investigated copolymers was negative, and the magnitude was as high as 10−10 esu. The samples exhibited strong reverse saturation absorption and very good optical limiting properties at the wavelength used. The concentration dependence of third‐order NLO parameters was studied. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Effect of thiophenol on thermal fragmentation of polyisoprene
Authors: Asano Yasuhiro , Yamazaki Hiroki , Nagasawa Tomomi , Wonmum Choi , Endo Takeshi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAs a fundamental study for chemical recycle of waste vulcanized rubber to reproduce functional polymers, polyisoprene (PI) was thermally fragmented to obtain low molecular weight PI in the presence of thiophenol (PhSH). PI (Mw = 51,000) was heated at 140°C under air atmosphere to give low molecular weight PI. The fragmentation in the presence of PhSH effectively decreased the molecular weight (Mw = 7400), which is significantly lower than that in the fragmentation in the absence of PhSH. The fragmented PI contained phenyl sulfide moieties based on the addition of phenyl thiyl radical to the hydrogen abstracted methylene or the double bond moieties. Tgs of the fragmented polymers were higher than that of the original PI, despite the lower molecular weights, probably because of the introduction of the rigid phenyl sulfide moieties and the terminal polar carbonyl groups formed by oxidation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Biodegradable foams of poly(lactic acid)/starch. II. Cellular structure and water resistance
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Feng , Sun Xiuzhi 
Published: August 2007

AbstractBiodegradable foams were prepared with poly(lactic acid) and starch by extrusion. The compression modulus of the foams was negatively related to the foam bulk density. The foam consists of both open‐ and close‐cell structures. The presence of PLA significantly improved the water resistance of the foam, and significantly improved the foam recovery capacity, especially in high‐moisture conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for operable breast cancer
Authors: Mieog J S D , van der Hage J A , van de Velde C J H 
Published: August 2007

Abstract

Background
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer can avoid mastectomy by shrinkage of tumour volume. This review assesses the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on clinical outcome.

Methods
All randomized trials comparing neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer were reviewed systematically and meta-analyses were performed.

Results
Fourteen studies randomizing 5500 women were eligible for analysis. Overall survival was equivalent in both groups. In the neoadjuvant group, the mastectomy rate was lower (relative risk 0·71 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 0·67 to 0·75)) without hampering local control (hazard ratio 1·12 (95 per cent c.i. 0·92 to 1·37)). Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was associated fewer adverse effects.

Conclusion
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy is an established treatment option for early breast cancer.
Corporate greening and changing regulatory regimes: the UK water industry
Authors: Schaefer Anja 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThis article looks at the relationship between economic regulation, environmental regulation, company strategy and the environment in the UK water and sewerage industry. The regulatory field in this industry, following privatization in 1989, is highly complex and interdependent. The paper presents three case studies of company interpretation of and response to changes in this regulatory field, focusing particularly on the third review by the economic regulator, in 1999, which involved a reduction of the prices companies were allowed to charge their customers. This had significant but complex repercussions for environmental strategy and management in the companies, with different impacts on mandatory and non‐mandatory activities. It also showed in relief the opportunities for building coalitions between companies and the environmental regulator, both in general terms and revolving around specific, local environmental issues and schemes. Companies' strategic direction was also found to have an impact on their response to the regulatory review. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Caricature video
Authors: Lee Eun‐Jung , Kwon Ji‐yong , Lee In‐Kwon 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWe make moving caricatures from videos on human faces. Using training images, we created a 3D model of an average face. This allows us to transform the image in each frame of an input video, so that it is seen from the front. Then we apply 2D exaggeration rules to caricature each face. Finally, we rotate the face in each frame back to its original position. A panel of viewers gave positive scores to a series of test videos. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and Synthesis of Cyclopeptide Analogues of the Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor FR235222
Authors: Gomez‐Paloma Luigi , Bruno Ines , Cini Elena , Khochbin Saadi , Rodriquez Manuela , Taddei Maurizio , Terracciano Stefania , Sadoul Karin 
Published: August 2007

AbstractVarious structurally modified analogues of FR235222 (1), a natural tetrapeptide inhibitor of mammalian histone deacetylases, were prepared in a convergent approach. The design of the compounds was aimed to investigate the effect of structural modifications of the tetrapeptide core involved in enzyme binding in order to overcome some synthetic difficulties connected with the natural product 1. The modifications introduced could also help identify key structural features involved in the mechanism of action of these compounds. The prepared molecules were subjected to in vitro pharmacological tests, and their potency was tested on cultured cells. Two of the components of the array were found to be more potent than the parent compound 1 and almost as efficient as trichostatin A (TSA). These results demonstrate that it is possible to synthesize highly active cyclic tetrapeptides using commercially available amino acids (with the exception of 2‐amino‐8‐oxodecanoic acid, Ahoda). The nature of the residue in the second position of the cyclic peptide and the stereochemistry of the Ahoda tail are important for the inhibitory activity of this class of cyclic tetrapeptide analogues.