bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Refractoriness of Both Uterus and Mammary Gland of the Cow to Prostaglandin F2α Administration: Clinical Implication
Authors: Eiler H. , Oden J. , Schaub R. , Sims M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Uterine and mammary pressure changes were simultaneously measured in lactating nonpregnant cows injected (iv) with different doses (0.1 to 32.0 mg) of prostaglandin F2α (pgf2α). The total work of the uterus increased up to 250% of base-line value as the dose of pgf2α was increased. But, a dose-response relationship was not seen in the uterus. Partial refractoriness was developed in the uterus, and total refractoriness was developed in the mammary gland. Further challenge with oxytocin (30 U) elicited significant responses in both the uterus and the mammary gland.
Because of the development of refractoriness and side effects, pgf2α is not recommended as a drug to be used when mechanical evacuation (free of endocrine effect) of the uterus or mammary gland (or both) is indicated.
Histochemical Differentiation of Fiber Types in Neonatal Canine Skeletal Muscle
Authors: Braund Kyle G. , Lincoln Clint E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Differentiation of fiber types in developing canine skeletal muscle was studied, using morphologic, morphometric, and histochemical techniques. Sample collections were made from 6 muscles from the pectoral and pelvic limbs of 16 healthy pups between 1 day and 12 weeks of age. In newborn pups, 90% to 95% of the fibers in the 6 muscles were classified as undifferentiated or type IIC; the remaining fibers were classified either normal or large-size type I. Large-size type I fibers usually accounted for 2% to 4% of the total population and were considered analogous with the B fiber of Wohlfart. These fibers were larger than all other fiber types and disappeared after pups reached 4 to 5 weeks of age. After 2 to 4 weeks, the number of undifferentiated fibers decreased with the appearance of, and the concomitant numerical increases of, normal size type I and type IIA fibers. The percentages of type I and IIA fibers approached proportions of the adult dog by 12 weeks, at which time a type IIA fiber predominance was present in biceps femoris, lateral head of the gastrocnemius, cranial tibial, and long head of the triceps. Type I fibers predominated in medial head of the triceps and superficial digital flexor after 4 to 5 weeks.
The mean fiber diameters of type I and IIA fibers were similar in any given muscle throughout the postnatal development.
All fiber types stained uniformly with the oxidative stain nicotinamide adeninedinucleotide-tetrazolium reductase during the first 12 weeks of life, whereas a distinction between type I and II fibers was evident after 3 to 4 weeks with the periodic acid-Schiff stain reaction.
Lasalocid and Monensin in Finishing Diets for Early Weaned Lambs with Naturally Occurring Coccidiosis
Authors: Horton G. M. J. , Stockdale P. H. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Early weaned male crossbred lambs (n = 90) with an average weight of 14 kg were used in 6 groups to evaluate the efficacy of monensin (22 mg/kg of feed) and lasalocid (12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg of feed) on naturally occurring coccidiosis. Average 24-hour oocyst output at the start of the experiment ranged from 5.7 × 106 to 156.7 × 106 for monensin-treated and 100-mg lasalocid-treated groups, respectively. Monensin and lasalocid were effective against Eimeria ninakohlyakimovae and E ahsata.
To day 103, body weight gains were similar for the 4 groups fed lasalocid (336 g/day) and averaged 6% higher (P > 0.05) than did gains in control and monensin-treated lambs. Feed efficiency averaged 9% higher (P < 0.05) for lambs fed 25, 50, and 100 mg of lasalocid/kg of feed and 7% higher (P > 0.05) for lambs fed monensin and 12.5 mg of lasalocid/kg of feed. There were no treatment effects on digestibility, although lasalocid tended to increase (P > 0.05) crude protein digestibility (values were higher on day 76 than on day 28). Lasalocid and monensin were potent manipulators of rumen fermentation. Increasing the amount of lasalocid in the feed was associated with successive increases (P < 0.05) in molar proportions of propionic acid and decreases (P < 0.05) in acetic acid.
Lasalocid and monensin controlled naturally occurring coccidiosis and improved performance in early weaned lambs (45 days old) under feedlot conditions.
Serologic Response of Pigs to Experimental Infection with Yersinia enterocolitica Serotype O9 and Brucella abortus
Authors: Mittal K. R. , Tizard I. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Groups of young pigs were inoculated with either Brucella abortus or Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 and their serum was analyzed to identify techniques by which infections with these organisms could be distinguished. Yersinia enterocolitica was capable consistently of inducing a significant anti-Brucella agglutinin response. By means of microplate agglutination, it was shown that homologous titers usually exceeded or were equal to heterologous titers. This technique was also capable of detecting Yersinia flagellar agglutinins. When a group of serum samples from healthy pigs was surveyed, it was found that none of the techniques tested were capable of unequivocally distinguishing between the 2 infections.
In Vitro Properties of Low- and High-Passaged Strains of Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus of Swine
Authors: Laude H. , Gelfi J. , Aynaud J. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Low- and high-passaged cell culture strains of transmissible gastroenteritis virus were examined for stability toward digestive enzymes and at low pH. Correlation could not be made between the level of resistance and the cell passage status of the strains. Results of experiments on thermosensitivity of replication and thermolability did not permit separating the strains into 2 groups.
Toxic Effects of Lasalocid in Horses
Authors: Hanson L. J. , Eisenbeis H.G. , Givens S.V. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Lasalocid was given to horses in a series of sequentially increasing single oral doses ranging between 5 and 30 mg/kg of body weight, with an appropriate washout period between treatments. One of 5 horses died after a dosage of 15 mg/kg, 1 of 3 horses died after 21 mg/kg, 1 of 3 horses died after 22 mg/kg, and 1 of 2 horses died after 26 mg/kg. The ld50 of lasalocid for horses was estimated to be 21.5 mg/kg.
Monensin was given to horses in a similar manner at dosages of 1, 2, and 3 mg/kg of body weight. One of 2 horses died after a dosage of 2 mg/kg and 1 horse died after a dosage of 3 mg/kg.
The clinical signs of toxicosis observed in horses given either drug were progressive and included depression, ataxia, paresis, and paralysis with partial anorexia. Intermittent profuse sweating was observed before death in horses given monensin.
Influence of Parenteral Administration of Mineral Oil Adjuvant in Parturient Cattle on Immunoglobulin Secretion in Colostrum and Milk
Authors: De Cueninck Bernard J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pregnant heifers were sensitized to egg albumen by subcutaneous injection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant, as a water-in-oil emulsion containing aluminum hydroxide, was injected subcutaneously on the 4th day of the subsequent lactation. The treatment with adjuvant, without incorporated antigen, raised the serum egg-albumen antibody titers and resulted in a prolongation of specific antibody secretion in milk; the treatment did not affect the mammary secretion of exogenous radiolabeled IgG1, indicating that the phenomenon was based on stimulation of immunoglobulin synthesis.
Turkey Respiratory Tract Adenoviruses: Purification and Some Biochemical Properties
Authors: Sutjipto S. , Simmons D. G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation of 3 purified turkey respiratory tract adenoviruses resulted in 3 distinct bands of identity for each virus. Complete virus particles were contained in the band with a buoyant density of 1.34 g/cm3. The complete virus particles had the morphology of adenoviruses, as determined by electron microscopy. The buoyant densities of extracted viral DNA from the 3 viruses were estimated to be 1.7089, 1.7154, and 1.7132 g/cm3, which corresponded to guanine + cytosine contents of 51%, 57%, and 55%, respectively.
Inhibition of Gastric Hydrochloric Acid Secretions in the Rat Given Ostertagia ostertagi (a Gastric Parasite of Cattle) Extract
Authors: Eiler H. , Baber W. , Lyke W. A. , Scholtens R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The immersion of freshly collected Ostertagia ostertagi adults into saline solution (NaCl, 0.9%; pH 1.0) resulted in 100% mortality of worms within a 10-minute period. At pH 7.0, mortality was 58% after 270 minutes. At pH 2.2, which approximates the usual abomasal pH, 100% mortality resulted within 60 minutes.
In the stomach of rats injected with an extract of O ostertagi (from the abomasum of cattle), there were decreased total secretion of hydrogen ions and volume of secretion (P < 0.05) and increased mean pH of gastric secretion (P < 0.05). These effects were similar to those found in stomach of rats treated with cimetidine.
Results indicated that the pH of the abomasum was detrimental to parasitic survival and that hypochlorhydria found during ostertagiosis may be mediated partially by a chemical released from the parasite.
Decline in Assayable Progesterone in Bovine Plasma: Effect of Time, Temperature, Anticoagulant, and Presence of Blood Cells
Authors: Vahdat F. , Hurtgen J. P. , Whitmore H. L. , Seguin B. E. , Johnston S. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Jugular vein blood samples collected from 5 Holstein-Friesian cows during the luteal phase of the estrous cycle were incubated at 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C for 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 hours. Blood samples were centrifuged after each incubation period, and plasma was frozen for later progesterone assay. Mean progesterone concentration in blood samples incubated at 4 C, 22 C, and 37 C decreased from 5.7 ng/ml at 0 hour to minimum concentrations of 3.5 ng/ml at 12 hours, 0.9 ng/ml at 12 hours, and 1.0 ng/ml at 8 hours, respectively. The first progesterone concentration which was significantly different from the initial value (0 hour) was at the 8-hour incubation period for blood samples incubated at 4 C and at the 1-hour incubation period for blood samples incubated at 22 C and 37 C.
Progesterone concentration decreased similarly when blood samples were collected into heparinized tubes or EDTA tubes and incubated at 22 C for 0, 6, and 12 hours.
Incubating harvested plasma or serum for 0 or 6 hours at 37 C had no effect on progesterone concentrations (7.9 and 8.2 ng/ml for plasma, and 6.9 and 6.6 ng/ml for serum).
Technique for Reversible Vagal Blockade in the Standing Conscious Pony
Authors: Derksen F. J. , Robinson N. E. , Stick J. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A surgical technique is described for preparation of chronic cervical vagal loops in ponies. Vagal blockade was induced by circulating methanol (—2 C) through coils which enclosed the loops. Vagal blockade increased tidal volume, heart rate, and systemic blood pressure and decreased respiratory rate. Atropine, given at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg iv, increased heart rate and systemic pressure but did not alter respiratory variables, indicating that vagal cooling caused both afferent and efferent blockade. The effects of vagal blockade were rapidly reversed when refrigerated coils were removed.
Transmission of Babesia bovis, Using Undifferentiated Embryonic Cells from Boophilus microplus Tick Eggs
Authors: Ronald N. C. , Cruz D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An intact Hereford calf was inoculated with undifferentiated embryonic cells from Boophilus microplus tick eggs derived from Babesia bovis-infected Boophilus microplus. The eggs were incubated for 8 to 10 days at 26 C and for 80 hours at 37 C before inoculation into the calf. The calf subsequently developed typical signs of babesiosis and a maximum parasitemia of 5.0%.
Anemia of Inflammatory Disease in the Dog: Ferrokinetics of Adjuvant-Induced Anemia
Authors: Feldman Bernard F. , Kaneko J. J. , Farver T. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Anemia of inflammatory disease induced by injection of adjuvant was characterized by decreases in hematocrit (mean ± 1 sd, 37.5 ± 2.7%, as compared with base-line values of 49.8 ± 2.4%) and hemoglobin (12.54 ± 1.22 g/dl, as compared with base line of 16.87 ± 0.96 g/dl) and was classified as unresponsive, normocytic, and normochromic.
Disordered iron metabolism was manifest by decreases in serum iron (62.3 ± 13.6 g/dl, as compared with base line of 113.0 ± 8.2 g/dl) and shortened mean radioiron clearance half-times (50.0 ± 12.6 minutes, as compared with base line of 74.0 ± 13.6 minutes) in the presence of increased bone marrow reticuloendothelial iron. Shortened radioiron clearance half-times reflected maximal extraction of iron from the plasma by the erythroid marrow due to suboptimal iron supply, since extraction of iron by other tissues is minor.
Shortened mean marrow transit times (2.79 ± 0.46 days, as compared with base line of 5.4 ± 0.64 days) were indicative of adequate erythropoietin stimulation in the anemia of inflammatory disease. Increases in plasma iron turnover rate over base line (1.73 ± 0.33 mg/dl/day) to 1.51 ± 0.34 mg/dl/day), erythron iron turnover rate (1.50 ± 0.27 mg/ dl/day, as compared with base line of 0.99 ± 0.27 mg/dl/ day), and rbc iron utilization (86 ± 8.3%, as compared with base-line utilization of 65 ± 9.3%) indicated erythroid marrow proliferation was effective. The magnitude of erythroid response appeared to be limited mainly by iron supply.
Susceptibility of Vaccinated Swine and Mice to Generalized Infection with Specific Serotypes of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Authors: Wood R. L. , Booth G. D. , Cutlip R. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Swine were vaccinated with adsorbate bacterin made from Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae of serotype 2 and were subsequently allotted to 4 exposure groups, each of which was exposed to 1 of the strains of E rhusiopathiae of serotypes 1, 2, 9, or 10. Mice were vaccinated with the same bacterin and were subsequently allotted to 60 exposure groups which were exposed to 60 strains of E rhusiopathiae, comprising 10 strains each of serotypes 1, 2, 4, 9, 10, and 11. Response to challenge of immunity in swine was determined by the presence of clinical signs of acute generalized erysipelas; response in mice was determined by the quantal (live-dead) method.
Vaccinated swine were as susceptible to the strain of serotype 10 as were nonvaccinated control swine, whereas vaccinated swine were immune and control swine were susceptible to the strains of serotypes 1 and 2. The strain of serotype 9 was not sufficiently virulent to induce acute generalized erysipelas, even in control swine. Arthritis was not prevented by vaccination, but its frequency and severity were less in vaccinated swine exposed to strains of serotype 1 or 2 than in those exposed to strains of serotype 9 or 10. Vaccinated mice were significantly (P < 0.05) more susceptible to the strains of serotype 10 than to those of any other serotype tested.
Potential Blood Supply to Muscles in Horses and Dogs and Its Relation to Athletic Ability
Authors: Gunn H. M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A modification of the histochemical reaction to demonstrate myosin adenosine triphosphatase activity in skeletal (striated) muscle was used to define the density of capillaries in transverse sections of 3 muscles (semitendinosus, diaphragm, and pectoralis transversus) of horses and dogs. Thoroughbred horses and Greyhound dogs, breeds noted for their speed in running, were compared with other members of their respective species. Thoroughbred cross horses were grouped with non-Thoroughbreds for comparison with Thoroughbreds.
The area of muscle supplied by a capillary was remarkably similar in muscles of all groups of animals, except at early stages of growth. Adult Thoroughbreds had a greater capillary/fiber ratio in semitendinosus and pectoralis transversus than did other adult horses. Intermuscular differences in capillary/fiber ratio and the area per capillary within adults and young of each type of horse were negligible with one exception: the capillary/fiber ratio was less in the pectoralis transversus than in the semitendinosus of young non-Thoroughbreds.
There was little between-type difference in capillary density in adult dog muscles, although the capillary/fiber ratio was greater in the semitendinosus of Greyhounds. Although the capillary/fiber ratio increases with growth, the area per capillary did not alter markedly. Cessation of training increased the area per capillary in the pectoralis transversus of Greyhounds. In all adult dogs, capillary/fiber ratios in the diaphragm were less than they were in the semitendinosus and the pectoralis transversus. In adult Greyhounds, this was compensated by a smaller area per capillary in the diaphragm. Seemingly, the ability for high speed running by the Thoroughbred and Greyhound was not associated with an enhanced potential blood supply to skeletal muscle.
Reversible Detachment of Blood-Derived Bovine Macrophages by Replacement of Culture Medium with Phosphate-Buffered Saline Solution
Authors: Bendixen P. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood-derived bovine macrophages adhering to the surface of culture chambers were brought into suspension for enumeration and experimental use by replacement of culture medium with phosphate-buffered saline solution. Immediately after suspension in culture medium, cells were able to adhere to surfaces and to phagocytize particles.
Exercise-Induced Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Racing Thoroughbreds: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Pascoe John R. , Ferraro G. L. , Cannon J. H. , Arthur R. M. , Wheat J. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 235 Thoroughbred racehorses examined with a flexible fiberoptic endoscope within 2 hours of racing to determine the frequency of exercise-induced pulmonary hemorrhage (eiph), 103 (43.8%) had various degrees of hemorrhage in the tracheal lumen. Two of these horses (0.8%) subsequently had blood flow from the nostrils. Blood seemed to originate from the lung. Statistical analysis of frequency data for 191 horses which finished in 1st, 2nd, and 3rd places did not show any relationship between eiph and horse’s age, sex, or finishing position. However, a trend toward an increased frequency of eiph with age was shown, by a greater proportion of horses 5 years and older having eiph. This trend is thought to reflect the chronicity of the pulmonary lesions and an inability of the lung to repair damaged regions while training and racing continued. The efficacy of furosemide for the treatment of eiph was questioned, since 30 of 56 furosemide-treated horses which were examined had evidence of pulmonary hemorrhage. Nineteen (8%) horses had visible functional abnormalities of the upper respiratory tract.
Plasma Clot-Promoting Effect of Collagen in Relation to Collagen-Platelet Interaction
Authors: Gentry P. A. , Schneider M. D. , Miller J. K. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The hemostatic function of several acid-soluble collagen preparations and a fibrillar-form collagen preparation have been compared. Pepsin-treated acid-soluble collagen isolated from burro and horse aortic tissue and acid-soluble collagen isolated from human umbilical cord readily promoted platelet aggregation, but failed to activate the coagulation mechanism even after prolonged incubation with plasma at 37 C. By contrast, fibrillar-form collagen isolated from burro aorta was both an efficient stimulant for the induction of platelet aggregation and a potent clot-promoting agent. Similar results were found for all the collagen preparations irrespective of whether the studies were conducted with sheep or with burro plasma. Heat denaturation studies showed that the hemostatic function of the fibrillar-form collagen was dependent on an intact triple-helical structure.
Pharmacology of Narcotic Analgesics in the Horse: Selective Blockade of Narcotic-Induced Locomotor Activity
Authors: Combie Joan , Shults Theodore , Nugent Edith C. , Dougherty John , Tobin Thomas 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The locomotor responses of horses given morphine and fentanyl were blocked or lessened by administration of naloxone or acepromazine. Naloxone given at the dosage of 0.015 mg/kg completely blocked the locomotor activity induced in horses given fentanyl (0.020 mg/kg of body weight).
The locomotor stimulation produced by morphine given at the dosage of 2.4 mg/kg was reduced by 75% by naloxone (0.020 mg/kg).
Acepromazine partially blocked the locomotor responses to fentanyl and morphine. This blockade activity reached its peak about 30 minutes after acepromazine was given (iv) and lasted more than 6 hours. Simultaneous administration of acepromazine and morphine was associated with substantial respiratory depression for more than 4 hours after administration of both drugs.
In other experiments, fentanyl did not add to the partial locomotor response observed after large doses of pentazocine were given—this being consistent with the concept that pentazocine possesses both antagonist and agonist actions at the narcotic receptor. Furosemide and phenylbutazone, given at usually used clinical doses, had no effect on the locomotor response to fentanyl, indicating that the usual clinical dosages of neither drug exerted stimulant or depressant actions.
Biochemical and Coagulation Changes in a Canine Model of Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis
Authors: Feldman B. F. , Attix E. A. , Strombeck D. R. , O’Neill S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Acute necrotizing (hemorrhagic) pancreatitis was induced in 12 dogs by infusing oleic acid into their pancreatic ducts. There were decreases in blood pH, complement, antithrombin III, blood platelets, 24- and 48-hour plasminogen, and 24-hour haptoglobin and modest decreases in serum albumin. There were increases in fibrinogen, 48- to 120-hour haptoglobin, and 96-hour and 120-hour plasminogen and prolongations of prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. The latter 2 changes together with decreases in antithrombin III, platelet numbers, and complement were indicative of consumption coagulopathy. A clinically innocuous but statistically significant decrease in serum total and ionized calcium despite significant acidosis was noted. This indicates that serum total and ionized calcium is helpful in making the diagnosis of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Methemalbuminemia of 6 mg/dl at 24 hours and 7 mg/dl at 48 hours indicates that methemalbuminemia is a valuable diagnostic and prognostic finding in association with acute necrotizing pancreatitis.