bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Power or opportunity? Perceived inequality on life satisfaction explained by reduced trust in South Korea
Authors: Park Joonha , Joshanloo Mohsen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper presents new evidence linking different aspects of perceived inequality (education, employment, law enforcement, income and wealth, power, and gender) to life satisfaction. Using large‐scale national survey data, we examined the relationships between the six aspects of perceived inequality, life satisfaction, and generalized trust among South Koreans (N = 17,357). Exploratory structural equation modelling identified a two‐factor structure of perceived inequality: Opportunity Inequality (inequalities in education and employment) and Power Inequality (inequalities in income and wealth, law enforcement, power, and gender). Results from mediation analysis suggested that both aspects of inequality negatively predicted life satisfaction via reduced generalized trust. Those processes were consistent regardless of household income. The study underscores the critical impact that public perceptions of (in)equality in various opportunity and power aspects have on well‐being and trust and emphasizes the urgency of government and policy action to address the growing problem of inequality in South Korean society. The findings highlight the urgent need to address disparities and promote social harmony and well‐being in countries facing similar challenges.
Higher incidence of paediatric inflammatory bowel disease by increasing latitude in Norway, but stable incidence by age
Authors: Larsen Johanne Hartwedt , Andersen Svend , Perminow Gøri , Mundal Håkon Stangeland , Mårild Karl , Stabell Niklas , Størdal Ketil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo examine possible geographical and temporal differences in the incidence of childhood‐onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Norway, motivated by previous research indicating relevant environmental factors explaining changing epidemiology.MethodsWe analysed data from children born in Norway from 2004 to 2012 (n = 541 036) in a registry‐based nationwide study. After validating registry diagnoses against medical records, we defined IBD as ≥2 entries of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision (ICD‐10) codes K50, K51 and K52.3 in the Norwegian Patient registry. We estimated hazard ratios (HR) for IBD across four geographical regions with a south‐to‐north gradient and the incidence by period of birth.ResultsBy the end of follow‐up on 31 December 2020, 799 IBD diagnoses were identified (Crohn's disease: n = 465; ulcerative colitis, n = 293, IBD: unclassified, n = 41). Compared to children in the southernmost region, there was almost a two‐fold HR for IBD in children in the most Northern region (HR = 1.94, 95% Cl = 1.47–2.57; Mid region: HR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.29–2.19, ptrend <0.001). These estimates remained largely unchanged after adjustment for potential confounding factors. The cohorts born in 2004–2006 and 2010–2012 had comparable cumulative incidences, with a slightly higher incidence for those born in 2007–2009.ConclusionWe observed an increase in the risk of IBD by increasing latitude which may suggest that environmental factors influence the development of IBD, although non‐causal explanations cannot be ruled out.
Communicating CSR relationships in COVID‐19: The evolution of cross‐sector communication networks on social media
Authors: Sun Jingyi , Shin Jieun , Li Yiqi , Qu Yan , Zhen Lichen , Kim Hye Min , Yang Aimei , Liu Wenlin , Saffer Adam J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCross‐sector relationship building is an important strategy in corporate social responsibility initiatives, and communicating cross‐sector relationships on social media can help raise the visibility of collaborative relationships. A noticeable gap in the literature is how social media enables and constrains the formation patterns of cross‐sector connections. To understand how businesses communicate their relationships with government agencies and nonprofits about social issues on social media, we propose a theoretical framework that centers public attention as a critical resource and considers different sectors' interests in the COVID‐19 issue. We tested this framework with a nationally representative sample of 1,980 organizations on Twitter. The analysis reveals that the increase in public attention to the COVID‐19 issue was accompanied by a greater likelihood of cross‐sector ties. Specifically, firms severely affected by COVID‐19 were more likely to build ties with government agencies, and the increase in public attention also drove firms to build more ties with nonprofits, especially advocacy nonprofits. Our findings suggest managers of social media communication should observe the volatile public attention and design communicative strategies accordingly.
Advances and current research in primary thromboprophylaxis to prevent hospital‐associated venous thromboembolism
Authors: Roberts Lara N. , Arya Roopen , Hunt Beverley J. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryHospital‐associated venous thromboembolism (VTE) is defined as any case of VTE occurring during hospital admission and for up to 90 days post discharge. It accounts for over 50% of all cases of VTE internationally; indeed, there are an estimated 10 million cases of hospital‐associated VTE annually. Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in improving VTE risk assessment and thromboprophylaxis. This review summarises all the recent and ongoing major research studies and future challenges in the different areas, including medical, surgical and obstetric patients, as well as special areas such as lower limb immobilisation. We include sections on both pharmacological and mechanical thromboprophylaxis.
“This might be cliché, but it was a sense of family”: Gang involvement among Indigenous young adults and their search for attachment, community, and hope
Authors: Foster Seeley , Grekul Jana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIndigenous communities in Canada continue to feel the ongoing impacts of colonialism, including socio‐economic disadvantage, high rates of violent victimization, systemic racism and discrimination, overrepresentation in the criminal justice system, and intergenerational trauma. Based on in‐depth interviews with 10 gang‐involved Indigenous young adults, using attachment theory as a guiding framework, we explore how colonialism continues to negatively impact the attachment these young people have to their families, communities, and social institutions, and leads to their gang involvement which perpetuates violence and trauma. Yet, they exhibit hope for a better future. Drawing on participant experiences we suggest key points at which provision of supports and resources can assist with increasing attachments and facilitating gang desistance. We share these insights while acknowledging the continued structural, embedded violence many Indigenous youth experience today that necessitates a commitment to decolonization at all levels of Canadian society.
Genotypic and phenotypic features of 39 Chinese patients with glycogen storage diseases type I, VI, and IX
Authors: Yu Jindan , Ling Xiuxin , Chen Lingli , Fang Youhong , Lin Haihua , Lou Jingan , Ren Yanqi , Chen Jie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are abnormally inherited glycogen metabolism mainly affecting the liver, muscles, and heart. Deficiency of proteins involved in glycogen metabolism caused by genetic mutations are responsible for different subtype of GSDs. However, there are still some challenges in diagnosing GSD. This study includes 39 suspected GSDs patients from unrelated families in China. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS) was used to investigate the reason for their diseases at the genetic level. Finally, all 39 patients were diagnosed with GSDs, including 20 GSD‐Ia, 4 GSD‐VI, and 15 GSD IX (12 GSD‐IXa patients and 3 GSD‐IXb patients). Thirty‐two mutations in G6PC1, PYGL, PHKA2, and PHKB genes were identified, with 14 of them being novel variants. The pathogenicity of novel variants was classified according to ACMG guildlines and predicted by in slico algorithms. Mutations p.L216L and p.R83H in G6PC1 gene may be the hot spot mutation in Chinese. Hearing impairment is a rare clinical feature of GSD Ia, which has also been observed in our cohort. The severity of GSD VI and IX was indicated by our patients. Close follow‐up should be applied to GSD VI and IX patients. Our findings provided evidence for building the phenotype–genotype of GSDs and expanded the mutation spectrum of related genes.
The role of self‐referential and social processing in the relationship between pubertal status and difficulties in mental health and emotion regulation in adolescent girls in the UK
Authors: Ahmed Saz P. , Piera Pi‐Sunyer Blanca , Moses‐Payne Madeleine E. , Goddings Anne‐Lise , Speyer Lydia G. , Kuyken Willem , Dalgleish Tim , Blakemore Sarah‐Jayne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAdolescence is marked by the onset of puberty, which is associated with an increase in mental health difficulties, particularly in girls. Social and self‐referential processes also develop during this period: adolescents become more aware of others’ perspectives, and judgements about themselves become less favourable. In the current study, data from 119 girls (from London, UK) aged 9–16 years were collected at two‐time points (between 2019 and 2021) to investigate the relationship between puberty and difficulties in mental health and emotion regulation, as well as the role of self‐referential and social processing in this relationship. Structural equation modelling showed that advanced pubertal status predicted greater mental health and emotion regulation difficulties, including depression and anxiety, rumination and overall difficulties in emotion regulation, and in mental health and behaviour. Advanced pubertal status also predicted greater perspective‐taking abilities and negative self‐schemas. Exploratory analyses showed that negative self‐schemas mediated the relationships between puberty and rumination, overall emotion regulation difficulties, and depression (although these effects were small and would not survive correction for multiple comparisons). The results suggest that advanced pubertal status is associated with higher mental health and emotion regulation problems during adolescence and that negative self‐schemas may play a role in this association.Research Highlights
This study investigates the relationship between puberty, mental health, emotion regulation difficulties, and social and self‐referential processing in girls aged 9–16 years.
Advanced pubertal status was associated with worse mental health and greater emotion regulation difficulties, better perspective‐taking abilities and negative self‐schemas.
Negative self‐schemas may play a role in the relationships between advanced pubertal status and depression, and advanced pubertal status and emotion regulation difficulties, including rumination.
The relation between number line performance and mathematics outcomes: Two meta‐analyses
Authors: Ünal Zehra E. , Terzi Züleyha , Yalvaç Beyzanur , Geary David C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the magnitudes represented by numerals is a core component of early mathematical development and is often assessed by accuracy in situating numerals and fractions on a number line. Performance on these measures is consistently related to performance in other mathematics domains, but the strength of these relations may be overestimated because general cognitive ability has not been fully controlled in prior studies. The first of two meta‐analyses (162 studies, 33,101 participants) confirmed a relation between performance on whole number (r = 0.33) and fractions number (r = 0.41) lines and overall mathematics performance. These relations were generally consistent across content domains (e.g., algebra and computation) and other moderators. The second (71 studies, 14,543 participants) used meta‐analytic structural equation modeling to confirm these relations while controlling general cognitive ability (defined by IQ and working memory measures) and, in one analysis, general mathematics competence. The relation between number line performance and general mathematics competence remained significant but reduced (β = 0.13). Controlling general cognitive ability, whole number line performance consistently predicted competence with fractions but not performance on numeracy or computations measures. The results suggest an understanding of the magnitudes represented by whole numbers might be particularly important for students’ fractions learning.Research Highlights
Two meta‐analyses examined the link between the number line and mathematics performance.
The first revealed significant relations across domains (e.g., algebra and computation).
The second controlled for general cognitive ability and resulted in reduced but still significant relations.
The relation between number line and fractions performance was stronger than relations to other domains.
ArcheD, a residual neural network for prediction of cerebrospinal fluid amyloid‐beta from amyloid PET images
Authors: Tagmazian Arina A. , Schwarz Claudia , Lange Catharina , Pitkänen Esa , Vuoksimaa Eero ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: April 2024

AbstractDetection and measurement of amyloid‐beta (Aβ) in the brain is a key factor for early identification and diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to develop a deep learning model to predict Aβ cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) concentration directly from amyloid PET images, independent of tracers, brain reference regions or preselected regions of interest. We used 1870 Aβ PET images and CSF measurements to train and validate a convolutional neural network (“ArcheD”). We evaluated the ArcheD performance in relation to episodic memory and the standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) of cortical Aβ. We also compared the brain region's relevance for the model's CSF prediction within clinical‐based and biological‐based classifications. ArcheD‐predicted Aβ CSF values correlated with measured Aβ CSF values (r = 0.92; q < 0.01), SUVR (rAV45 = −0.64, rFBB = −0.69; q < 0.01) and episodic memory measures (0.33 < r < 0.44; q < 0.01). For both classifications, cerebral white matter significantly contributed to CSF prediction (q < 0.01), specifically in non‐symptomatic and early stages of AD. However, in late‐stage disease, the brain stem, subcortical areas, cortical lobes, limbic lobe and basal forebrain made more significant contributions (q < 0.01). Considering cortical grey matter separately, the parietal lobe was the strongest predictor of CSF amyloid levels in those with prodromal or early AD, while the temporal lobe played a more crucial role for those with AD. In summary, ArcheD reliably predicted Aβ CSF concentration from Aβ PET scans, offering potential clinical utility for Aβ level determination.
Cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum play an important role in the acquisition of duration memory
Authors: Nishioka Masahiko , Hata Toshimichi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe present study aimed to examine the effect of cholinergic interneuron lesions in the dorsal striatum on duration‐memory formation. Cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum may be involved in the formation of duration memory since they are among the main inputs to the dorsal striatal muscarinic acetylcholine‐1 receptors, which play a role in the consolidation of duration memory. Rats were sufficiently trained using a peak‐interval 20 s procedure and then infused with anti‐choline acetyltransferase–saporin into the dorsal striatum to cause selective ablation of cholinergic interneurons. To make the rats acquire new duration‐memories, we trained them with a peak interval 40 s after lesion. Before lesion, the peak times (an index of duration memory) for sham‐lesioned and lesioned groups were similar at approximately 20 s. In the peak interval 40 s session, the peak times for the sham‐lesioned and lesioned groups were approximately 30 and 20 s, respectively. After additional peak interval 40 s sessions, the peak times of both groups were shifted to approximately 40 s. Those results suggest that the cholinergic interneuron lesion delayed new duration‐memory acquisition. Subsequent experiments showed that cholinergic interneuron lesions did not retard the shift of peak time to the original target time (20 s). Following experiment without changing the target time after lesion showed that cholinergic interneuron lesions did not change their peak times. Our findings suggest that cholinergic interneurons in the dorsal striatum are involved in new duration‐memory acquisition but not in the utilization of already acquired duration memory and interval timing.
Database for marine and coastal restoration projects in Australia and New Zealand
Authors: Purandare Jemma , de Sousa de Saboya Roquelina , Bayraktarov Elisa , Boström‐Einarsson Lisa , Carnell Paul E. , Eger Aaron M. , Le Port Agnes , Macreadie Peter I. , Reeves Simon E. , van Kampen Peter , Waltham Nathan J. , Wartman Melissa , McLeod Ian M. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe United Nations has declared 2021–2030 as the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration and the Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development. These declarations emphasise the importance of restoring degraded marine and coastal ecosystems and supporting research and knowledge. The number and scale of marine and coastal restoration projects have been increasing in Australia and New Zealand over the past 40 years. However, the lack of a central repository of projects and their results limits opportunities to share knowledge to improve effectiveness. To address this gap, we developed the Australian and New Zealand Marine and Coastal Restoration Database. Information for this database was gathered from publicly available documents (peer‐reviewed journal articles and technical reports) and discussions with key organisations that lead projects in Australia and New Zealand. For each project, we recorded the start date, duration, spatial scale, location, details on monitoring, and success criteria. The database includes information up until 1 June 2020. It is available online via the Australian Coastal Restoration Network website.
Structural and functional indicators in freshwater ecosystem monitoring programs
Authors: Cheung Wing Chun Derek , Burrows Ryan M. 
Published: April 2024

SummaryEcosystem function is a foundational part of ecosystem health, but it is often neglected in the practice of ecosystem monitoring. We conducted a review of freshwater ecosystem management literature, analysing 60 documents across multiple organisations to understand the prevalence of function in conceptualisations and measures of ecosystem health. Only 28% (n = 13) of analysed documents included definitions of waterway health that included function, and only 30% (n = 18) integrated function into their conceptualisations of waterway health. More generally, we observed noticeable deviation in analysed documents from management best practices advocated for by contemporary ecosystem science – including unclear rationales, vague language, and imprecise metrics for assessing waterway health. We discuss these findings in broader ecosystem management contexts. Our findings support previous observations of a strong structural bias in current ecosystem health monitoring and suggest the need for closer examinations into the processes and rationales by which such an important factor could be absent from monitoring programs.
Phenological similarity and distinctiveness facilitate plant invasions
Authors: Park Daniel S. , Huynh Kimberly M. , Feng Xiao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimDarwin posited that invaders similar to native species are less likely to be successful due to competitive exclusion. A key axis across which such competition occurs across angiosperms is the timing of flowering, or reproductive phenology. It has been hypothesized that temporal isolation facilitates the establishment of introduced species. However, our knowledge of how the timing of flowering may influence invasion success is lacking at broader geographic and larger taxonomic scales. To address this impasse, we investigated: (i) how flowering phenology differs between native and non‐native species; (ii) whether the flowering phenology of successful invaders is distinct from native taxa; and (iii) whether invasive species tend to be more closely related to natives than other less successful, non‐invasive introduced species are.LocationCalifornia, USA.Time PeriodPresent.Major Taxa StudiedAngiosperms.MethodsWe compiled phenological data for over 6000 angiosperm species across California, a highly invaded biodiversity hotspot, from published flora. Using these data, we assessed the degree of phenological and phylogenetic similarity among native, non‐invasive introduced, and invasive species. We also examined how this similarity varies with climate.ResultsBoth non‐invasive introduced and invasive species were more phenologically and phylogenetically distant from natives than natives were from each other. However, invasive plants tend to be more similar to native species in terms of flowering phenology and phylogenetic relationships than non‐invasive introduced species. Further, the degree of similarity between native and non‐native species was mediated by climate, where phenological and phylogenetic similarities were greater in cooler regions.Main ConclusionsTogether, our results demonstrate that both similarity and distinctiveness can facilitate plant invasions and that invaders just similar enough to the native flora are more likely to be successful.
Is uniform pricing by competing retailers perceived as fair?
Authors: Wong Phoebe , Vanharanta Markus , Ng Peggy M. L. , Wong Tony 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite the enormous negative economic influence on consumer well‐being, price‐fixing remains a largely unexplored area in consumer research. Previous research showed that consumers perceive different prices for the same product as unfair. However, our findings counterintuitively indicate that consumers may also perceive uniform prices as unfair. Two experimental studies examined the effect of price uniformity (uniform/nonuniform) and price patterns over time (increase/no change) on the perception of price unfairness and third‐party complaint intention. The findings show that consumers perceive prices as unfair when retailers increase a uniform price simultaneously. This pricing strategy by retailers increases consumers' intention to report suspected price‐fixing activities to authorities, that is, third‐party reporting. Based on the findings, implications for marketing practices and tactics to enhance public policy are discussed.
Effect of probiotics and synbiotics on complications of wound infection after colorectal surgery: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Jiang Junqiu , Ren Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWound infection is a serious complication that impacts the prognosis of patients after colorectal surgery (CS). Probiotics and synbiotics (Pro and Syn) are live bacteria that produce bacteriostatic agents in the intestinal system and have a positive effect on postoperative wound infections. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of Pro and Syn on complications of wound infection after CS. In November 2023, we searched relevant clinical trial reports from Pubmed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases and screened the retrieved reports, extracted data, and finally analysed the data by using RevMan 5.3. A total of 12 studies with 1567 patients were included in the study. Pro and Syn significantly reduced total infection (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.35, 0.56; p < 0.00001), surgical incision site infection (SSI) (OR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.45, 0.81; p = 0.002), pneumonia (OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.25, 0.72; p = 0.001), urinary tract infection (OR, 0.28; 95% CI, 0.14, 0.56; p = 0.0003), and Pro and Syn did not reduce anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.50, 1.41; p = 0.51). Pro and Syn can reduce postoperative wound infections in patients with colorectal cancer, which benefits patients' postoperative recovery.