bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of a chromatin‐associated TCF7L1 complex in human embryonic stem cells
Authors: Vuong Linh M. , Pan Songqin , Sierra Robert A. , Waterman Marian L. , Gershon Paul D. , Donovan Peter J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHuman embryonic stem cells (hESCs) resemble the pluripotent epiblast cells found in the early postimplantation human embryo and represent the “primed” state of pluripotency. One factor that helps primed pluripotent cells retain pluripotency and prepare genes for differentiation is the transcription factor TCF7L1, a member of a small family of proteins known as T cell factors/Lymphoid enhancer factors (TCF/LEF) that act as downstream components of the WNT signaling pathway. Transcriptional output of the WNT pathway is regulated, in part, by the activity of TCF/LEFs in conjunction with another component of the WNT pathway, β‐CATENIN. Because TCF7L1 plays an important role in regulating pluripotency, we began to characterize the protein complex associated with TCF7L1 when bound to chromatin in hESCs using rapid immunoprecipitation of endogenous proteins (RIME). Data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD047582. These data identify known and new partners of TCF7L1 on chromatin and provide novel insights into how TCF7L1 and pluripotency itself might be regulated.
Tracheostomy and inpatient outcomes among children with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome: A kids' inpatient database study
Authors: Tsou Po‐Yang , Tapia Ignacio E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractStudy ObjectivesCongenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS) is a rare disease predisposing children to respiratory failure due to abnormal ventilatory drive. Variability in hypoventilation and respiratory support need have been reported. We aim to identify clinical variables associated with incident tracheostomy and common etiologies of hospitalization among children with CCHS.MethodsHospital discharge records were obtained for children (<21 years) with CCHS hospitalized between 2006 and 2019 from the Kid's Inpatient Database. Primary diagnostic categories for hospitalizations with CCHS were summarized. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore risk factors associated with incident tracheostomy.ResultsAmong 2404 hospitalizations with CCHS, 133 (5.5%) had incident tracheostomy, 1230 (51.2%) had established tracheostomy, and 1041 (43.3%) had no tracheostomy. Compared with children without tracheostomy, those with incident tracheostomy were younger, had a history of prematurity, congenital heart disease, laryngeal, glottic, and subglottic stenosis (LGSS), congenital airway anomalies, neuromuscular weakness, gastroesophageal reflux disease. Children without tracheostomy had higher mortality than those with tracheostomy status (2.19% vs. 0.66%). Multivariable‐adjusted analyses showed that incident tracheostomy was associated with infancy (0–1 years), neuromuscular weakness, and congenital heart disease. Most common diagnostic categories include (1) diseases of the respiratory system (30.23%), (2) injury and poisoning (9.35%), and (3) diseases of the nervous system and sense organs (6.71%).ConclusionsChildren with CCHS who received incident tracheostomy are more likely to be younger and with LGSS, neuromuscular weakness and congenital heart disease. Clinicians should be aware of these risk factors representing more severe CCHS with earlier manifestation needing tracheostomy. Higher mortality among nontracheostomy group highlights the need for considering tracheostomy in caring for children with CCHS.
Cystic fibrosis in Iceland and the high prevalence of the N1303K variant
Authors: Elidottir Helga , Bjarnadottir Selma R. , Baldursson Olafur , Jonsdottir Brynja 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is most common in populations of Northern European ancestry where the F508del variant predominates. In 2020, Iceland became a member of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society Patient Registry, and we launched an epidemiological study of CF in Iceland. The study aimed to determine the prevalence and the genetic variants present in the country. Furthermore, we aimed to describe the previous and the current situation regarding lung function, infections, complications, treatment, and follow‐up to understand the strengths and weaknesses of CF care in Iceland.MethodsThis retrospective study included all individuals in Iceland with a confirmed CF diagnosis between 1955 and 2021. We conducted a medical records search for CF diagnosis codes and found 30 people with CF who were included in the study. Two hundred sixteen clinical variables were registered. A descriptive analysis of these was performed.ResultsThe prevalence of CF in Iceland is 0.372:10,000 inhabitants. The F508del is the most common CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) variant (46.4%), closely followed by N1303K (44.6%). Staphylococcus aureus was the most common airway pathogen, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Nasal polyps and CF‐related diabetes were the most common complications. Modern CF medications, including the recent CFTR modulators, are available.ConclusionEven though Iceland has a relatively low prevalence of CF, it holds the highest known prevalence of the N1303K variant in Europe. Access to necessary treatment is satisfactory, but improvements are advisable for some aspects of the routine assessments by best practice guidelines.
Outcomes of 10 years of PSA screening for prostate cancer in Norwegian men with Lynch syndrome
Authors: Grindedal Eli Marie , Zucknick Manuela , Stormorken Astrid , Rønne Elin , Tandstad Nora M. , Isaacs William B. , Axcrona Karol , Mæhle Lovise 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPathogenic germline variants in the mismatch repair (MMR) genes are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer (PCa). Since 2010 we have recommended MMR carriers annual PSA testing from the age of 40. Prospective studies of the outcome of long‐term PSA screening are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the incidence and characteristics of PCa in Norwegian MMR carriers attending annual PSA screening (PSA threshold >3.0 ng/mL) to evaluate whether our recommendations should be continued.MethodsThis is a prospective observational study of 225 male MMR carriers who were recommended annual PSA screening by the Section of Inherited Cancer, Oslo University Hospital from 2010 and onwards. Incidence and tumor characteristics (age, PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score, TNM score) were described. IHC and MSI‐analyses were done on available tumors. Standardized incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated based on data from the Cancer Registry of Norway.ResultsTwenty‐two of 225 (9.8%) had been diagnosed with PCa, including 10/69 (14.5%) MSH2 carriers and 8/61 (13.1%) MSH6 carriers. Ten of 20 (50%) tumors had Gleason score ≥4 + 3 on biopsy and 6/11 (54.5%) had a pathological T3a/b stage. Eight of 17 (47.1%) tumors showed abnormal staining on IHC and 3/13 (23.1%) were MSI‐high. SIR was 9.54 (95% CI 5.98–14.45) for all MMR genes, 13.0 (95% CI 6.23–23.9) for MSH2 and 13.74 for MSH6 (95% CI 5.93–27.08).ConclusionsOur results indicate that the MMR genes, and especially MSH2 and MSH6, are associated with a significant risk of PCa, and a high number of tumors show aggressive characteristics. While the impact of screening on patient outcomes remains to be more firmly established, the high SIR values we observe provide support for continued PSA screening of MSH2 and MSH6 carriers. Studies are needed to provide optimal recommendations for PSA‐threshold and to evaluate whether MLH1 and PMS2 carriers should not be recommended screening.
Detection and recognition of the invasive species, Hylurgus ligniperda, in traps, based on a cascaded convolution neural network
Authors: Zhang Xiahui , Li Zhengyi , Ren Lili , Liu Xuanxin , Zeng Tian , Tao Jing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDHylurgus ligniperda, an invasive species originating from Eurasia, is now a major forestry quarantine pest worldwide. In recent years, it has caused significant damage in China. While traps have been effective in monitoring and controlling pests, manual inspections are labor‐intensive and require expertise in insect classification. To address this, we applied a two‐stage cascade convolutional neural network, YOLOX‐MobileNetV2 (YOLOX‐Mnet), for identifying H. ligniperda and other pests captured in traps. This method streamlines target and non‐target insect detection from trap images, offering a more efficient alternative to manual inspections.RESULTSTwo cascade convolutional neural network models were employed in two stages to detect both target and non‐target insects from images captured in the same forest. Initially, You Only Look Once X (YOLOX) served as the target detection model, identifying insects and non‐insects from the collected images, with non‐insect targets subsequently filtered out. In the second stage, MobileNetV2, a classification network, classified the captured insects. This approach effectively reduced false positives from non‐insect objects, enabled the inclusion of additional classification terms for multi‐class insect classification models, and utilized sample control strategies to enhance classification performance.CONCLUSIONApplication of the cascade convolutional neural network model accurately identified H. ligniperda, and Mean F1‐score of all kinds of insects in the trap was 0.98. Compared to traditional insect classification, this method offers great improvement in the identification and early warning of forest pests, as well as provide technical support for the early prevention and control of forest pests. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Salivary proteins NlSP5 and NlSP7 are required for optimal feeding and fitness of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens
Authors: Liu Xin‐Yang , Cai Xin‐Yu , Wu Hui‐Jie , Wan Yi , Wei Sheng‐Fei , Xu Hai‐Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSaliva has a crucial role in determining the compatibility between piercing–sucking insects and their hosts. The brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens, a notorious pest of rice in East and Southeast Asia, secretes gelling and watery saliva when feeding on rice sap. Nlsalivap‐5 (NlSP5) and Nlsalivap‐7 (NlSP7) were identified as potential planthopper‐specific gelling saliva components, but their biological functions remain unknown.RESULTSHere, we showed by transcriptomic analyses that NlSP5 and NlSP7 were biasedly expressed in the salivary glands of BPHs. Using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9‐mediated genome‐editing system, we constructed NlSP5 and NlSP7 homozygous mutants (NlSP5−/− and NlSP7−/−). Electrical penetration graph assay showed that NlSP5−/− and NlSP7−/− mutants exhibited abnormal probing and feeding behaviors. Bioassays revealed that the loss‐of‐function of NlSP5 and NlSP7 significantly reduced the fitness of BPHs, with extended developmental duration, shortened lifespan, reduced weight, and impaired fecundity and hatching rates.CONCLUSIONThese findings deepen our understanding of the BPH–host interaction and may provide potential targets for the management of rice planthoppers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
The pyrexia channel remodels egg‐laying of Liriomyza huidobrensis in response to temperature change
Authors: Wu Yaxi , Wang Huimin , Hu Zhihao , Pan Mengchen , Wu Yanan , Guo Xiaojiao , Ge Jin , Wang Zhengjun , Yang Meiling 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe pea leafminer, Liriomyza huidobrensis, is one of the most important insect pests on vegetables and ornamentals. The survival and egg‐laying behavior of leafminers are markedly affected by the environment temperature. However, the mechanisms underlying the relationship between egg‐laying and temperature are still largely unknown.RESULTSHere, we find that leafminers have evolved an adaptive strategy to overcome the stress from high or low temperature by regulating oviposition‐punching plasticity. We further show that this oviposition‐punching plasticity is mediated by the expression of pyx in the ovipositor when subjected to disadvantageous temperature. Specifically, down‐regulation of pyx expression in leafminers under low temperature stress led to a significant decrease in the swing numbers of ovipositor and puncture area of the egg spot, and consequently the lower amount of egg‐laying compared to leafminers at ambient temperature. Conversely, activation of pyx expression under high temperature stress increased the swing numbers and puncture area, still resulting in a reduction of egg‐laying amount.CONCLUSIONThereby, leafminers are able to coordinate pyx channel expression level and accordingly depress the oviposition. Our study uncovers a molecular mechanism underlying the adaptive strategy in insects that can avoid disadvantageous temperature for reproducing offspring. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Tumor growth and overall survival modeling to support decision making in phase Ib/II trials: A comparison of the joint and two‐stage approaches
Authors: Marchand Mathilde , Gonçalves Antonio , Mercier François , Chanu Pascal , Jin Jin Y. , Guedj Jérémie , Bruno René 
Published: April 2024

AbstractModel‐based tumor growth inhibition (TGI) metrics are increasingly used to predict overall survival (OS) data in Phase III immunotherapy clinical trials. However, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the differences between two‐stage or joint modeling methods to leverage Phase I/II trial data and help early decision‐making. A recent study showed that TGI metrics such as the tumor growth rate constant KG may have good operating characteristics as early endpoints. This previous study used a two‐stage approach that is easy to implement and intuitive but prone to bias as it does not account for the relationship between the longitudinal and time‐to‐event processes. A relevant alternative is to use a joint modeling approach. In the present article, we evaluated the operating characteristics of TGI metrics using joint modeling, assuming an OS model previously developed using historical data. To that end, we used TGI and OS data from IMpower150—a study investigating atezolizumab in over 750 patients suffering from non‐small cell lung cancer—to mimic randomized Phase Ib/II trials varying in terms of number of patients included (40 to 15 patients per arm) and follow‐up duration (24 to 6 weeks after the last patient included). In this context, joint modeling did not outperform the two‐stage approach and provided similar operating characteristics in all the investigated scenarios. Our results suggest that KG geometric mean ratio could be used to support early decision‐making provided that 30 or more patients per arm are included and followed for at least 12 weeks.
Comparing various Bayesian random‐effects models for pooling randomized controlled trials with rare events
Authors: Yao Minghong , Jia Yulong , Mei Fan , Wang Yuning , Zou Kang , Li Ling , Sun Xin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe meta‐analysis of rare events presents unique methodological challenges owing to the small number of events. Bayesian methods are often used to combine rare events data to inform decision‐making, as they can incorporate prior information and handle studies with zero events without the need for continuity corrections. However, the comparative performances of different Bayesian models in pooling rare events data are not well understood. We conducted a simulation to compare the statistical properties of four parameterizations based on the binomial‐normal hierarchical model, using two different priors for the treatment effect: weakly informative prior (WIP) and non‐informative prior (NIP), pooling randomized controlled trials with rare events using the odds ratio metric. We also considered the beta‐binomial model proposed by Kuss and the random intercept and slope generalized linear mixed models. The simulation scenarios varied based on the treatment effect, sample size ratio between the treatment and control arms, and level of heterogeneity. Performance was evaluated using median bias, root mean square error, median width of 95% credible or confidence intervals, coverage, Type I error, and empirical power. Two reviews are used to illustrate these methods. The results demonstrate that the WIP outperforms the NIP within the same model structure. Among the compared models, the model that included the treatment effect parameter in the risk model for the control arm did not perform well. Our findings confirm that rare events meta‐analysis faces the challenge of being underpowered, highlighting the importance of reporting the power of results in empirical studies.
Using spatiotemporal information in weather radar data to detect and track communal roosts
Authors: Perez Gustavo , Zhao Wenlong , Cheng Zezhou , Belotti Maria Carolina T. D. , Deng Yuting , Simons Victoria F. , Tielens Elske , Kelly Jeffrey F. , Horton Kyle G. , Maji Subhransu , Sheldon Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe exodus of flying animals from their roosting locations is often visible as expanding ring‐shaped patterns in weather radar data. The NEXRAD network, for example, archives more than 25 years of data across 143 contiguous US radar stations, providing opportunities to study roosting locations and times and the ecosystems of birds and bats. However, access to this information is limited by the cost of manually annotating millions of radar scans. We develop and deploy an AI‐assisted system to annotate roosts in radar data. We build datasets with roost annotations to support the training and evaluation of automated detection models. Roosts are detected, tracked, and incorporated into our developed web‐based interface for human screening to produce research‐grade annotations. We deploy the system to collect swallow and martin roost information from 12 radar stations around the Great Lakes spanning 21 years. After verifying the practical value of the system, we propose to improve the detector by incorporating both spatial and temporal channels from volumetric radar scans. The deployment on Great Lakes radar scans allows accelerated annotation of 15 628 roost signatures in 612 786 radar scans with 183.6 human screening hours, or 1.08 s per radar scan. We estimate that the deployed system reduces human annotation time by ~7×. The temporal detector model improves the average precision at intersection‐over‐union threshold 0.5 (APIoU = .50) by 8% over the previous model (48%→56%), further reducing human screening time by 2.3× in its pilot deployment. These data contain critical information about phenology and population trends of swallows and martins, aerial insectivore species experiencing acute declines, and have enabled novel research. We present error analyses, lay the groundwork for continent‐scale historical investigation about these species, and provide a starting point for automating the detection of other family‐specific phenomena in radar data, such as bat roosts and mayfly hatches.
Fabrication of Highly Porous and Sheet Like Fe3O4‐Carbon Nanocomposites: A Versatile Catalyst for Electrocatalytic Oxygen Evolution Reactions
Authors: Shanmugapriya S. A. T. , Kumar Anand , Afzal Mohd , Chaudhary Ratiram Gomaji , Kumar Mandari Kotesh , Mondal Aniruddha , Mondal Sudip 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFuel cells and metal‐air batteries are examples of renewable energy technologies that depend on having highly effective electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In this study, a mesoporous nanostructure composed of Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites was synthesised using a simple and economically viable approach at a relatively low temperature. The observed catalytic activity of the prepared defected Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites mesoporous nanostructure was found to be remarkable. Additionally, the nanostructure exhibited a high tolerance to methanol and demonstrated durability towards the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media. In the course of the experiment, it was observed that the catalyst exhibited noteworthy activity in the Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) when compared to the commercially available RuO2 catalyst. This was evident through a more overpotential value of 325 mV at current density of 10 mA/cm2. The catalyst‘s notable capacity for high oxygen reaction activity may potentially enhance the synergistic effect resulting from the combination of defect sites and the porous structure of Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites. The findings of this study indicate that the Fe3O4‐Carbon nanocomposites nanostructures exhibit promising attributes as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in real‐world scenarios.
Green Synthesis of Baby Pumpkin Derived Fluorescent Carbon Dots – A Potent Label‐Free Probe for Cd2+ Determination
Authors: Liao Shihua , Hu Jing , Long Xiang , Wu Shaogui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study demonstrates a facile solvothermal approach to synthesizing green fluorescent carbon dots (G‐CDs) using baby pumpkin as a natural precursor. The G‐CDs exhibit strong fluorescence emission at 547 nm under excitation at 467 nm, and the highest quantum yield reaching 17.5 % in acetone, making them suitable for a range of applications including sensing, bioimaging, catalysis, and drug delivery. The G‐CDs demonstrate excellent stability under various conditions, such as prolonged light exposure, high salt concentration, extended periods, and elevated temperatures. Furthermore, the G‐CDs show a good linear relationship with Cd2+ within the concentration range of 0 to 16.5 μmol/L, with a linear correlation coefficient of 0.9920. The detection limit (LOD) was calculated to be 0.68 μmol/L. The recovery rate ranges between 85.66% to 97.43%, indicating their potential for use in environmental metal ion detection. This study provides a convenient and economical method for the synthesis of G‐CDs using baby pumpkin as a precursor, offering a sustainable alternative for various applications in sensing, imaging, catalysis, and drug delivery.
Assessing the Impact of π‐Conjugation Length on Aggregation Induced Emission and Self‐Assembly Formation of α‐Cyanostilbene and Bis‐Cyanostilbene
Authors: Waghchoure Aishwarya P. , Narode Hanuman , Sangale Vijay B. , Siddiqui Zahir Ali , Sarkhel Sanchita , Pardeshi Satish K. , Jaiswal Amit , Sekar Nagaiyan , More Sandeep , Bhosale Rajesh S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this work, short π‐conjugated (Z)‐2‐(4‐(2‐cyano‐2‐phenylvinyl)phenoxy)‐N‐(1‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐(methyl sulfonyl)ethyl)acetamide (CYS) and large π‐conjugated 2,2′‐(((1Z,1′Z)‐1,4‐phenylenebis(2‐cyanoethene‐2,1‐diyl))bis(4,1‐phenyl ene))bis(oxy))bis(N‐(1‐(3‐ethoxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐(methyl sulfonyl)ethyl)acetamide (BCYS) compounds were synthesized. Furthermore, the influence of π‐conjugation length on CYS and BCYS absorption, fluorescence, aggregation induced emission (AIE) characteristics, and self‐assembly was examined. The large π‐conjugated BCYS (π‐conjugation length=18.71 Å) exhibits AIE property getting on in the DMSO−Water solvent combination as the volume % of water increases and demonstrated production of self‐assembled bundle of micro fibrous structure of around 5 to 6 microns long and 200 to 500 nm wide. Short π‐conjugated CYS (π‐conjugation length=10.80 Å), on the other hand, exhibits aggregation caused quenching (ACQ) in the DMSO−Water solvent combination as the volume % of water increases and the creation of self‐assembled nanostructured crystalline asymmetrical particles. Moreover, the cytotoxicity study of CYS and BCYS revealed that BCYS had superior biocompatibility than CYS.