bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Equine sweating and anhidrosis Part 1 – equine sweating
Authors: Jenkinson David McEwan , Elder Hugh Y. , Bovell Douglas L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSweating has a variety of functions in mammals including pheromone action, excretion of waste products and maintenance of the skin surface ecosystem. In a small number of mammalian species, which includes humans and the Equidae, it also has an important role in thermoregulation. This review is focused specifically on the thermoregulatory role of sweat in Equidae and the causes of sweating failure (anhidrosis). The first part describes the glandular appearance, sweat composition, and output rates; and considers the latest theories on the glandular control and secretory mechanisms. It is concluded that the glands are not directly innervated but are controlled by the interplay of neural, humoral and paracrine factors. The secretory mechanism is not as simple as previously thought and is mediated by the dynamic interaction of activating pathways, including autocrine control not only of the secretory process but probably also of secretory cell reproduction, growth, and death.
Pyoderma caused byPseudomonas aeruginosainfection in dogs: 20 cases
Authors: Hillier Andrew , Alcorn Jessica R. , Cole Lynette K. , Kowalski Joseph J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this report we describe the historical, clinical, histopathological and microbiological features, as well as treatments and clinical outcome, of pyoderma wherePseudomonas aeruginosaalone was isolated on bacterial culture from lesional skin. Twenty dogs were included in this retrospective study. Seven dogs without prior history of systemic or skin disease presented with acute deep pseudomonal pyoderma characterized by a sudden onset of dorsal truncal pain. Skin lesions in these dogs consisted of erythematous papules, haemorrhagic bullae, ulcers and haemorrhagic crusts confined to the dorsum. An excellent clinical response was achieved with 3–4 weeks of treatment with oral fluoroquinolones. Thirteen dogs with a more gradual onset of skin lesions associated with pseudomonal pyoderma had a history of prior skin, ear or systemic disease and had previously been treated with antibiotics and/or immunomodulatory drugs. Skin lesions in these dogs were variable and similar to those described for superficial and deep staphylococcal pyoderma. In this group, one dog was euthanized prior to commencement of treatment, two dogs were lost to follow up, and 9 had resolution of lesions following treatment with topical silver sulfadiazine (one dog), fluoroquinolones (six dogs) or cephalexin (two dogs) administered orally for 3 to 12 weeks. Rod‐shaped bacteria were not always detected on cytology. Histopathology of dogs with deep pseudomonal pyoderma was characterized by severe perforating suppurative folliculitis and furunculosis.
Treatment with oral cyclosporin A of a case of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a rough collie
Authors: Font Artur , Bardagi Mar , Mascort Joan , Fondevila Dolors 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCyclosporin A (CsA) is an immunosuppressive agent that can be used as alternative treatment to glucocorticoid therapy. This case report describes a case of vesicular cutaneous lupus erythematosus in a rough collie successfully controlled with oral CsA for more than 18 months.
Raccoonpox in a Canadian cat
Authors: Yager Julie A. , Hutchison Lisa , Barrett John W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPoxvirus infections affecting the skin of cats are extremely rare in North America, in contrast to Europe where cowpox virus is well recognized as an accidental pathogen in cats that hunt small rodents. The virus or viruses responsible for the anecdotal cases in North America have never been characterized. This paper reports a case of raccoonpox infection in a Canadian cat. Biopsy of the initial ulcerative lesion on the forepaw revealed ballooning degeneration of surface and follicular keratinoctyes. Infected cells contained large eosinophilic type A inclusions. Electron microscopic examination revealed virions of an orthopoxvirus, subsequently identified as raccoonpox by polymerase chain reaction and gene sequencing. The cat made a full recovery.
Bacterial pseudomycetoma in dwarf hamster, Phodopus sungorus
Authors: Martorell Jaime , Gallifa Nuria , Fondevila Dolors , Rabanal Rosa M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA case of a dwarf hamster with two progressively growing nodules on the right fore limb is described. These were excised following ineffective medical treatment and were submitted for histopathological examination, which revealed bacterial pseudomycetoma in both nodules. To the authors’ knowledge this is the first reported case of bacterial pseudomycetoma in a dwarf hamster.
Expectations of patients and parents of children with asthma regarding access to complementary therapy information and services via the NHS: a qualitative study
Authors: Shaw Alison , Thompson Elizabeth A. , Sharp Deborah J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective  To explore the expectations of patients and parents of children with asthma regarding access to complementary therapies via the NHS.Methods  Fifty semi‐structured interviews with adults and parents of children with asthma, from a range of health‐care settings, including users and non‐users of complementary therapies. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and the data were analysed thematically.Results  Thirty‐one patients were using complementary therapies for asthma, six were using complementary therapies for other health problems and 13 were non‐users. Various therapies were used for asthma, most commonly homeopathy and breathing techniques, predominantly outside the NHS. Two broad themes emerging from the data were expectations about access to information and knowledge about complementary therapies via NHS health professionals, and expectations regarding access to complementary therapy services via the NHS. As a minimum, the majority of participants wanted NHS health professionals to be more ‘open’ towards and know more about complementary therapies than their patients – perceived as not currently usual. Most were positive about greater NHS access to complementary therapy services, for enhancing patient choice, improving equality in access for less affluent patients and facilitating patients’ self‐help. Participants who were highly sceptical about complementary therapies argued that lack of scientific evidence of effectiveness prohibited the need for greater complementary therapy knowledge or service provision within the NHS. Alongside their expectations, patients and parents expressed realistic views about facilitators and barriers to greater access.Conclusions  While health service planners and providers often express reservations about the value of complementary therapies, it is important to take patients’ preferences into account if policy discourses regarding patient‐centred care and choice are to be realized in practice.
Factor Structure of the Alcohol Urge Questionnaire Under Neutral Conditions and During a Cue‐elicited Urge State
Authors: MacKillop James 
Published: November 2006

Background: The Alcohol Urge Questionnaire (AUQ) is a promising multi‐item measure of self‐reported urges to drink in human laboratory studies; however, its factor structure has not been examined during an acute urge state. This study sought to validate the AUQ's factor structure under neutral conditions and during a cue‐elicited urge state in heavy drinkers.Methods: Participants (248 heavy drinkers; 70% male) completed the AUQ, the Alcohol Dependence Scale (ADS), and the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS) under neutral conditions. A randomly selected subsample (n=61; 74% male) then underwent a multimodal alcohol cue exposure and completed the AUQ and PANAS a second time.Results: Under neutral conditions, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) replicated the previously reported single‐factor structure, on which all items significantly loaded (p<0.001). Alcohol urges, as measured by the AUQ, exhibited significant positive associations with drinks per week and severity of dependence. Following the alcohol cue exposure, participants exhibited a significant increase in urge on the AUQ. Confirmatory factor analysis of the AUQ during the cue‐elicited urge state also supported the single factor structure, on which all items significantly loaded (p<0.001). Positive and negative affect were positively associated with urges across the experimental protocol, but at greater magnitudes during an acutely elevated urge state.Conclusions: These results further validate the use of the AUQ for real‐time measurement of alcohol craving in human laboratory research.
So close and yet so far: Health care in our nearest neighbour
Authors: Gunja Naren 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEmergency medicine is reaching out from traditional westernized birthplaces to the uncharted territories of the developing world. With ever‐increasing links with our near neighbours in Asia, a steady stream of ACEM fellows and trainees are giving their time and resources in aid of their health sector development. Papua New Guinea, being our nearest neighbour, deserves our attention not only for the stark contrast to our own health system experience, but also because of the rising specialty of emergency medicine in that country. I was lucky enough to be part of a concerted programme to train medical students and emergency medicine trainees in the fundamentals of our specialty.
Randomized comparison of the SLIPA (Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway) and the SS‐LM (Soft Seal Laryngeal Mask) by medical students
Authors: Hein Cindy , Owen Harry , Plummer John 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjective:  The aim of the study was to compare the Streamlined Liner of the Pharynx Airway (SLIPA; Hudson RCI), a new supraglottic airway device, with the Soft Seal Laryngeal Mask (SS‐LM; Portex) when used by novices.Methods:  Thirty‐six medical students with no previous airway experience, received manikin training in the use of the SLIPA and the SS‐LM. Once proficient, the students inserted each device in randomized sequence, in two separate patients in the operating theatre. Only two insertion attempts per patient were allowed. Students were assessed in terms of: device preference; success or failure; success at first attempt and time to ventilation.Results:  Sixty‐seven per cent of the students preferred to use the SLIPA (95% confidence interval 49–81%). The SLIPA was successfully inserted (one or two attempts) in 94% of patients (34/36) and the SS‐LM in 89% (32/36) (P = 0.39). First attempt success rates were 83% (30/36) and 67% (24/36) in the SLIPA and SS‐LM, respectively (P = 0.10). Median time to ventilation was shorter with the SLIPA (40.6 s) than with the SS‐LM (66.9 s) when it was the first device used (P = 0.004), but times were similar when inserting the second device (43.8 s vs 42.9 s) (P = 0.75).Conclusions:  In the present study novice users demonstrated high success rates with both devices. The SLIPA group achieved shorter times to ventilation when it was the first device they inserted, which might prove to be of clinical significance, particularly in resuscitation attempts. Although the Laryngeal Mask has gained wide recognition for use by both novice users and as a rescue airway in failed intubation, the data presented here suggest that the SLIPA might also prove useful in these areas.
Evaluation of the impact of a paediatric procedural sedation credentialing programme on quality of care
Authors: Priestley Stephen , Babl Franz E , Krieser David , Law Andrew , Miller Joanne , Spicer Maureen , Tully Melissa 
Published: November 2006

AbstractObjectives: The aim of the present study is to describe changes in documentation, risk assessment and patient care resulting from implementation of a credentialing process for medical and nursing staff in paediatric procedural sedation (PPS) in two EDs – one an urban mixed ED and the other a specialist paediatric ED.Methods: Chart review of 100 patients undergoing PPS prior to and 100 patients following introduction of the PPS programme. Information was extracted from medical records and sedation checklists. Demographics, drugs used, procedure performed and elements of the pre‐procedural, intra‐procedural and post‐procedural care were compared pre‐ and post implementation of the PPS programme.Results: Significant improvements in the post‐implementation period compared with pre‐implementation were seen in: frequency of documentation of informed consent (87vs15%,P < 0.0001); evidence of performance of a pre‐procedural risk assessment (87vs1%,P < 0.0001); and appropriate recording of vital signs (58vs27%,P < 0.0001). Improvements were also noted in documentation of weight, allergies, fasting status and recording of drug orders. There were no adverse events recorded in the pre‐programme period and 6 recorded in the post‐programme period.Conclusion: The implementation of a PPS credentialing programme into these two EDs resulted in significant improvements in risk assessment, monitoring and documentation of important information related to safe PPS. These improvements should result in improved quality and safety of PPS.
Avian influenza pandemic threat and health systems response
Authors: Bradt David A , Drummond Christina M 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAvian influenza is a panzootic and recurring human epidemic with pandemic potential. Pandemic requirements for a viral pathogen are: a novel virus must emerge against which the general population has little or no immunity; the new virus must be able to replicate in humans and cause serious illness; and the new virus must be efficiently transmitted from person to person. At present, only the first two conditions have been met. Nonetheless, influenza pandemics are considered inevitable. Expected worldwide human mortality from a moderate pandemic scenario is 45 million people or more than 75% of the current annual global death burden. Although mathematical models have predicted that an emerging pandemic could be contained at its source, this conclusion remains controversial among public health experts. The Terrestrial Animal Health Code and International Health Regulations are enforceable legal instruments integral to pandemic preparedness. Donor support in financial, material and technical assistance remains critical to disease control efforts – particularly in developing countries where avian influenza predominately occurs at present. Personal protective equipment kits, decontamination kits and specimen collection kits in lightweight, portable packages are becoming standardized. Air transport border control measures purporting to delay importation and spread of human avian influenza are scientifically controversial. National pandemic plans prioritize beneficiary access to antiviral drugs and vaccines for some countries. Other medical commodities including ventilators, hospital beds and intensive care units remain less well prioritized in national plans. These resources will play virtually no role in care of the overwhelming majority of patients worldwide in a pandemic. Prehospital care, triage and acute care all require additional professional standardization for the high patient volumes anticipated in a pandemic.
Postpartum Sexuality Concerns Among First-Time Parents from One U.S. Academic Hospital
Authors: Pastore Lisa , Owens Annette , Raymond Colleen 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual perceptions and activities are influenced by pregnancy and childbirth due to both physical and emotional changes.

Aim
Our goal was to illuminate the sexuality issues of concern to first-time parents (mothers and fathers) of healthy, singleton newborns in one U.S. academic hospital.

Main Outcome Measures
Number of sexuality concerns and self-reported degree of resolution by months postpartum and gender of parent.

Methods
Anonymous, cross-sectional postal survey of two first-time parent cohorts: 4 months postpartum (113 responses/404 mailed=28.0%) and 12 months postpartum (99 responses/394 mailed=25.1%).

Results
Approximately half of the parents reported questions or concerns on between two and eight of 19 sexuality topics. Only 11% of participating mothers and 17% of participating fathers had one or no concerns (P =0.27 by gender), and 17% of mothers and 9% of fathers had &gt;13 concerns (P =0.12 by gender). There were fewer maternal concerns if they did not live with the father (P =0.01), slightly fewer if the delivery was vaginal vs. cesarean (P =0.07), and no differences by forceps/vacuum use or episiotomy/vaginal tear. The top concerns at 4 months postpartum were quite similar by gender and included when to resume intercourse, birth control, and the sexual impact of physical recovery from delivery. At 12 months, mothers and fathers both frequently reported a sexuality impact from the mother’s body image concerns and desire discrepancy. One year postpartum, there were three sexuality topics with fairly high prevalence (more than one-third parents had this concern) that persisted (no self-reported resolution among at least one-third of parents): child-rearing differences with spouse, greater desire by the man than the woman, and the mother’s body image.

Conclusion
New mothers and fathers both have postpartum sexuality concerns/questions, many of which can be addressed by healthcare providers.
Real-Life Safety and Efficacy of Vardenafil in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction—Results from 30,010 U.S. Patients
Authors: Cheng Eric 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Clinical trials show that vardenafil produces effective and satisfactory first-dose success rates and reliability for erection and intercourse in men with erectile dysfunction (ED).

Aim
This study was conducted to evaluate real-life efficacy, safety, and acceptance of vardenafil in men with ED.

Methods
This open-label, prospective study, conducted in 6,740 U.S. centers, included an initial visit and one or two follow-up visits within a 2-month period of the first vardenafil dose. Vardenafil was administered in 5–20 mg doses.

Main Outcome Measures
Efficacy variables included first-dose success rates for vaginal penetration, maintenance of erection, and satisfaction based on physician and patient assessments. Safety was assessed by adverse events (AEs).

Results
A total of 30,010 men were included in the safety/intent-to-treat (S/ITT) analysis, with 26,043 men in the adjusted S/ITT population. Vardenafil improved erectile function in 78% of men, with 75% rating overall efficacy as “satisfying” or “very satisfying.” The overall rates of successful penetration and maintenance with vardenafil following the first dose were 78% and 68%, respectively. For men with mild and moderate ED, first-dose success rates for penetration were 89% and 82%, respectively, and for maintenance, 82% and 71%, respectively. First-dose penetration and maintenance of erection rates were 76% and 66%, respectively, for men with self-reported hypertension, and 70% and 60%, respectively, for men with diabetes mellitus. At study end, 67% of patients preferred to continue using vardenafil. The most frequently reported AEs were headache (4%) and flushing (2%). Vardenafil was well tolerated, with a “satisfied/very satisfied” tolerability rating in 75% of cases as assessed by the physician.

Conclusion
This observational study demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of vardenafil in men with ED and comorbidities. Vardenafil provided a high rate of first-dose intercourse success and a favorable safety profile in patients with and without comorbid disease.
Efficacy and Patient Satisfaction Associated with Penile Prosthesis Revision Surgery
Authors: Kava Bruce R. , Yang Yulong , Soloway Cynthia T. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Complications that arise after placement of a penile prosthesis may result in the need for revision surgery. Few contemporary penile prosthesis series have focused solely on describing the efficacy and patient satisfaction associated with penile prosthesis revision surgery.

Aim
To determine the overall success of penile prosthesis revision surgery in providing the patient with a functional implant. Device efficacy and patient satisfaction with penile prosthesis revision surgery will be assessed using psychometrically validated instruments.

Main Outcome Measures
The erectile function (EF) and satisfaction domains of the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) were used to quantify the overall efficacy and patient satisfaction with revision surgery.

Methods
Data were derived from a prospective database of consecutive patients undergoing penile prosthesis revision surgery performed by a single surgeon (B.R.K.). Eleven patients filled out the IIEF prior to surgery and 26 completed it following surgery.

Results
Thirty-nine consecutive patients underwent 55 revision procedures related to a prior penile prosthesis. Thirty-four patients (87%) have a functional implant with a median follow-up of 6.5 months (range 1–42 months). Significant improvements in the overall IIEF, EF domain, and satisfaction domain were seen in those patients studied prior to and following revision surgery. The total IIEF, EF domain, and satisfaction domain of the IIEF for the group of 26 responders were 60.7 ± 19.3, 26.6 ± 8.7, and 15.7 ± 5.6, respectively. Patients with fibrotic corporal bodies scored significantly lower on the EF and satisfaction domains than did any other group.

Conclusion
Penile prosthesis revision surgery is highly successful in providing men with a functional implant. The prostheses function well and patients are satisfied with their devices. Further study of those men with corporal fibrosis is warranted in order to determine the factors needed to improve their overall satisfaction with revision surgery.
Microbiosensors for Measurement of Microbially Available Dissolved Organic Carbon: Sensor Characteristics and Preliminary Environmental Application
Authors: Köster Marion , Gliesche Christian G. , Wardenga Rainer 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTMicrobial respiration-based microbiosensors used for quantification of available dissolved organic carbon (ADOC) instantaneously respired by microorganisms are described. The sensing membranes contained aerobic seawater microorganisms immobilized in a polyurethane hydrogel. Molecular investigations revealed that the bacterial strain used was most closely related toStaphylococcus warneri. This strain was characterized by low substrate selectivity, which was reflected in the response to various mono- and disaccharides, short-chain fatty acids, and amino acids, as determined using Biolog microplates. Specific emphasis was placed on critically assessing biosensor functioning that was affected by preconditioning of the selected bacterial strain, chemical and geometric properties of the sensing membrane (e.g., composition, permeability, and thickness), and the distribution, biomass, and physiological state of immobilized cells, as well as the exposure conditions (e.g., temperature and nutrient supply). The sensors revealed that there was a linear response up to a glucose concentration of 500 μM depending on the type, characteristics, and recent history of the sensors. The detection limit of the sensors was equivalent to about 6 to 10 μM glucose. The 90% response time ranged from 1 to 5 min. Generally, the response of the biosensors became weaker with time. The shelf lives of individual sensors were up to 2 weeks. Measurements based on optical ADOC microbiosensors revealed that in photoautotrophically dominated sandy coastal sediments, the pool sizes and turnover of ADOC were regulated by the photosynthetic activity of benthic microalgae and microbial aerobic respiration. A large increase in ADOC production was observed shortly after the microphytobenthic primary production reached the maximum value at midday, whereas ADOC was consumed by microbial respiration during the night.