bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Global gene expression analysis of cranial neural tubes in embryos of diabetic mice
Authors: Jiang Boran , Kumar S. Dinesh , Loh Wan Ting , Manikandan J. , Ling Eng‐Ang , Tay Samuel S. W. , Dheen S. Thameem 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMaternal diabetes causes congenital malformations in various organs including the neural tube in fetuses. In this study, we have analyzed the differential gene expression profiling in the cranial neural tube of embryos from diabetic and control mice by using the oligonucleotide microarray. Expression patterns of genes and proteins that are differentially expressed in the cranial neural tube were further examined by the real‐time reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. Proliferation index and apoptosis were examined by BrdU (5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine) labeling and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick‐end labeling) assay, respectively. Embryos (E11.5) of diabetic pregnancies displayed distortion in neuroepithelia of the cranial neural tube. Microarray analysis revealed that a total of 390 genes exhibited more than twofold changes in expression level in the cranial neural tube of embryos from diabetic mice. Several genes involving apoptosis, proliferation, migration, and differentiation of neurons in the cranial neural tube were differentially expressed in embryos of diabetic pregnancy. In addition, maternal diabetes perturbed the development of choroid plexus and ventricular systems and reduced the production of proteins such as Ttr and Igf2 in the developing brain, indicating that these changes could impair the survival and proliferation of neuroepithelial cells and neurogenesis in embryos of diabetic mice. It is concluded that altered expression of a variety of genes involved in brain development is associated with cranial neural tube dysmorphogenesis that may subsequently contribute to intellectual impairment of the offspring of a diabetic mother. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen affects levels of Bcl‐2 protein and mRNA in medial amygdala of ovariectomized rats
Authors: Fan Lu , Pandey Subhash C. , Cohen Rochelle S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe survival factor Bcl‐2 is a cyclic AMP response element‐binding protein (CREB) gene product implicated in mediating some of estrogen's effects on neuroprotection. Previously, we showed an effect of estradiol benzoate (E) on numbers of neuron‐specific protein (NeuN)‐ and phosphorylated CREB (pCREB)‐positive cells in medial (MeA), but not central (CeA), amygdala of ovariectomized rats. To determine whether these effects are accompanied by an E‐induced increase in Bcl‐2, we examined the effects of E on levels of Bcl‐2 protein and mRNA in MeA and CeA of ovariectomized rats treated with E regimens resulting in moderate (2.5 μg E for 4 or 14 days) or high (10 μg E for 14 days) plasma estradiol levels. As a physiological control, we showed that all E treatments increased uterine wet weight relative to vehicle; 10 μg E for 14 days also increased uterine weight compared with that seen with lower E levels. Western blot analysis revealed that all E groups displayed an increase in uterine Bcl‐2 protein levels compared with vehicle. We found that 2.5 μg and 10 μg E for 14 days increased levels of Bcl‐2 gold immunolabeling compared with vehicle and 2.5 μg E for 4 days in MeA, but not CeA. We measured Bcl‐2 mRNA levels in vehicle and 2.5 μg E‐treated 14‐day groups. There was a significant increase in Bcl‐2 mRNA levels in MeA, but not CeA, of E‐treated ovariectomized rats compared with vehicle controls. The E‐induced increase in protein and mRNA levels of Bcl‐2 in MeA may be important for neuroprotection in this region. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intrathecal administration of sigma‐1 receptor agonists facilitates nociception: Involvement of a protein kinase C–dependent pathway
Authors: Roh Dae‐Hyun , Kim Hyun‐Woo , Yoon Seo‐Yeon , Seo Hyoung‐Sig , Kwon Young‐Bae , Kim Kee‐Won , Han Ho‐Jae , Beitz Alvin J. , Lee Jang‐Hern 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSigma sites, originally proposed as opioid receptor subtypes, are currently thought to represent unique receptors with a specific pattern of drug selectivity, a well‐established anatomical distribution and broad range of functional roles including potential involvement in nociceptive mechanisms. We have recently demonstrated that intrathecal (i.t.) treatment with a sigma‐1 receptor antagonist reduced formalin‐induced pain behavior. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of spinal sigma‐1 receptor agonists in peripherally initiated nociception and attempted to elucidate intracellular signaling mechanisms associated with spinal cord sigma‐1 receptor activation in mice. The i.t. injection of the sigma‐1 receptor agonists PRE‐084 (PRE) or carbetapentane (CAR) significantly decreased tail‐flick latency (TFL) and increased the frequency of paw withdrawal responses to mechanical stimulation (von Frey filament, 0.6 g) as well as the amount of Fos expression in the spinal cord dorsal horn induced by noxious paw‐pinch stimulation. These PRE‐ or CAR‐induced facilitatory effects on nociception were significantly blocked by i.t. pretreatment with the sigma‐1 receptor antagonist, BD‐1047, the phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor, U‐73,122, the Ca2+‐ATPase inhibitor, thapsigargin, and the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, chelerythrine. Western blot analysis further revealed that i.t. PRE or CAR injection significantly increased pan‐PKC as well as the PKCα, ϵ, and ζ isoforms in the dorsal horn. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that calcium‐dependent second messenger cascades including PKC are involved in the facilitation of nociception associated with spinal sigma‐1 receptor activation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Osteogenic potential of reamer irrigator aspirator (RIA) aspirate collected from patients undergoing hip arthroplasty
Authors: Porter Ryan M. , Liu Fangjun , Pilapil Carmencita , Betz Oliver B. , Vrahas Mark S. , Harris Mitchel B. , Evans Christopher H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIntramedullary nailing preceded by canal reaming is the current standard of treatment for long‐bone fractures requiring stabilization. However, conventional reaming methods can elevate intramedullary temperature and pressure, potentially resulting in necrotic bone, systemic embolism, and pulmonary complications. To address this problem, a reamer irrigator aspirator (RIA) has been developed that combines irrigation and suction for reduced‐pressure reaming with temperature modulation. Osseous particles aspirated by the RIA can be recovered by filtration for use as an autograft, but the flow‐through is typically discarded. The purpose of this study was to assess whether this discarded filtrate has osteogenic properties that could be used to enhance the total repair potential of aspirate. RIA aspirate was collected from five patients (ages 71–78) undergoing hip hemiarthroplasty. Osseous particles were removed using an open‐pore filter, and the resulting filtrate (230 ± 200 mL) was processed by Ficoll‐gradient centrifugation to isolate mononuclear cells (6.2 ± 5.2 × 106 cells/mL). The aqueous supernatant contained FGF‐2, IGF‐I, and latent TGF‐β1, but BMP‐2 was below the limit of detection. The cell fraction included culture plastic‐adherent, fibroblastic cells that displayed a surface marker profile indicative of mesenchymal stem cells and that could be induced along the osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. When compared to outgrowth cells from the culture of osseous particles, filtrate cells were more sensitive to seeding density during osteogenic culture but had similar capacity for chondrogenesis. These results suggest using RIA aspirate to develop improved, clinically expeditious, cost‐effective technologies for accelerating the healing of bone and other musculoskeletal tissues. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27:42–49, 2009
Surface modification of poly(dimethylsiloxane) microfluidic devices and its application in simultaneous analysis of uric acid and ascorbic acid in human urine
Authors: Liang Ru‐Ping , Gan Gui‐Hua , Qiu Jian‐Ding 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA novel and simple method based on layer‐by‐layer (LBL) technique has been developed for the modification of the channel in PDMS electrophoresis microchip to create a hydrophilic surface with a stable EOF. The functional surface was obtained by sequentially immobilizing chitosan and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) onto the microfluidic channel surface using the LBL assembly technique. Compared to the native PDMS microchips, the contact angle of the chitosan–DNA modified PDMS microchips decreased and the EOF increased. Experimental conditions were optimized in detail. The chitosan–DNA modified PDMS microchips exhibited good reproducibility and long‐term stability. Separation of uric acid (UA) and ascorbic acid (AA) performed on the modified PDMS microchip generated 43 450 and 46 790 N/m theoretical plates compared with 4048 and 19 847 N/m with the native PDMS microchip. In addition, this method has been successfully applied to real human urine samples, without SPE, with recoveries of 97–105% for UA and AA.
Analysing the Chemical Composition Distribution of Ethylene‐Acrylate Copolymers: Comparison of HT‐HPLC, CRYSTAF and TREF
Authors: Albrecht Andreas , Brüll Robert , Macko Tibor , Sinha Pritish , Pasch Harald 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHT‐HPLC is an attractive technique to analyse CCD of olefin copolymers and offers the possibility to shorten analysis times compared to fractionation techniques based on crystallisation. We have found that HT‐HPLC enables the selective elution of EMA and EBA copolymers according to their content of the polar co‐monomer. This fractionation could be confirmed by coupling the gradient HPLC system with FT‐IR spectroscopy. The CCDs obtained by this new method were then compared to the results from CRYSTAF. Both methods, HT‐HPLC and CRYSTAF, can discriminate between sets of samples having a narrow or a broad CCD. They can also prove the presence of acrylate‐poor fractions.magnified image
ARGET ATRP of Methacrylates and Acrylates with Stoichiometric Ratios of Ligand to Copper
Authors: Chan Nicky , Cunningham Michael F. , Hutchinson Robin A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAtom transfer radical polymerizations of butyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, and butyl acrylate were conducted using only ppm amounts of catalyst through the regeneration of activator via the ARGET mechanism. The polymers produced were nearly colorless, and exhibited living characteristics with copper catalyst levels as low as 6.4 ppm (relative to monomer). Polymerizations were well controlled at temperatures up to 110 °C and, contrary to previous studies, ARGET ATRP was successfully carried out using only a stoichiometric amount of ligand to catalyst. As ligand can account for a considerable portion of catalyst cost, these results demonstrate the robustness of ARGET ATRP, and its potential for industrial adoption.magnified image
New mechanisms and therapeutic potential of curcumin for colorectal cancer
Authors: Villegas Isabel , Sánchez‐Fidalgo Susana , Alarcón de la Lastra Catalina 
Published: July 2008

AbstractCurcumin is a polyphenol derived fromCurcuma longa. Over the last few years, a number of studies have provided evidence of its main pharmacological properties including chemosensitizing, radiosensitizing, wound healing activities, antimicrobial, antiviral, antifungical, immunomodulatory, antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory. More recent data provide interesting insights into the effect of this compound on cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. In fact, preclinical studies have shown its ability to inhibit carcinogenesis in various types of cancer including colorectal cancer (CRC). Curcumin has the capacity of interact with multiple molecular targets affecting the multistep process of carcinogenesis. Also, curcumin is able to arrest the cell cycle, to inhibit the inflammatory response and the oxidative stress and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. Likewise, it has been shown to possess marked antiangiogenic properties. Furthermore, curcumin potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of cyclo‐oxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors and traditional chemotherapy agents implicating another promising therapy regimen in the future treatment of CRC. However, its clinical advance has been hindered by its short biological half‐life and low bioavailability after oral administration. This review is intended to provide the reader an update of the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of curcumin and describes the recently identified molecular pathways responsible of its anticancer potential in CRC.
Reduced mammary tumor progression in a transgenic mouse model fed an isoflavone‐poor soy protein concentrate
Authors: Chiesa Giulia , Rigamonti Elena , Lovati Maria R. , Disconzi Emanuela , Soldati Sabina , Sacco Maria G. , Catò Enrica Mira , Patton Veronica , Scanziani Eugenio , Vezzoni Paolo , Arnoldi Anna , Locati Daniela , Sirtori Cesare R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDietary exposure to soy has been associated with reduced breast cancer incidence. Soy isoflavones and protein components, such as protease inhibitors and the lunasin peptide, have been indicated as potential agents reducing carcinogenesis. In this study, the effect of soy‐based diets was evaluated in a transgenic mouse model of breast carcinoma, overexpressing the neu oncogene. Neu female mice were fed for 20 wk a soy‐ and isoflavone‐free diet (IFD), 4RF21 laboratory mouse diet, soy‐based, thus isoflavone‐rich (STD), or AIN‐76‐based semisynthetic diets with a soy protein isolate (SPI) or an isoflavone‐poor soy protein concentrate (IPSP) as protein source. Mice were then sacrificed and tumors removed. Mammary tumor weights were not different in SPI versus IFD and STD fed mice. In contrast, mice fed IPSP showed reduced tumor progression versus IFD and STD groups (p < 0.05). Moreover, IPSP fed mice showed lower bromo‐2′‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into breast tumor cells compared to STD and SPI fed animals (p < 0.02). Lung metastases were detected in 80% of IFD fed mice, in 70% of mice fed STD and SPI, and only in 50% of the IPSP fed animals. These results indicate that a diet containing an isoflavone‐poor soy protein concentrate may inhibit breast tumor progression and metastasis development.
The method of fundamental solutions applied to the calculation of eigensolutions for 2D plates
Authors: Alves Carlos J. S. , Antunes Pedro R. S. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn this paper we study the application of the method of fundamental solutions (MFS) to the numerical calculation of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for the 2D bilaplacian in simply connected plates. This problem was considered in Kang and Lee (J. Sound Vib. 2001; 242(1):9–16) using wave‐type functions and in Chen et al. (Eng. Anal. Boundary Elem. 2004; 28:535–545) using radial basis functions for circular and rectangular domains. The MFS is a mesh‐free method that was already applied to the calculation of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions associated with the Laplace operator (cf. Appl. Math. Lett. 2001; 14(7):837–842; Eng. Anal. Boundary Elem. 2005; 29(2):166–174; Comput. Mater. Continua 2005; 2(4):251–266). The application of this method to the bilaplace operator was already considered in Chen and Lee (ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Meshless Methods, Lisbon, 2005) for multiply connected domains, but only for simple shapes. Here we apply an algorithm for the choice of point‐sources, as in Alves and Antunes (Comput. Mater. Continua 2005; 2(4):251–266), which leads to very good numerical results for simply connected domains. A main part of this paper is devoted to the numerical analysis of the method, presenting a density result that justifies the application of the MFS to the eigenvalue biharmonic equation for clamped plate problems. We also present a bound for the eigenvalues approximation error, which leads to an a posteriori convergence estimate. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Richardson extrapolation to the numerical solution of partial differential equations
Authors: Burg Clarence , Erwin Taylor 
Published: July 2008

AbstractRichardson extrapolation is a methodology for improving the order of accuracy of numerical solutions that involve the use of a discretization size h. By combining the results from numerical solutions using a sequence of related discretization sizes, the leading order error terms can be methodically removed, resulting in higher order accurate results. Richardson extrapolation is commonly used within the numerical approximation of partial differential equations to improve certain predictive quantities such as the drag or lift of an airfoil, once these quantities are calculated on a sequence of meshes, but it is not widely used to determine the numerical solution of partial differential equations. Within this article, Richardson extrapolation is applied directly to the solution algorithm used within existing numerical solvers of partial differential equations to increase the order of accuracy of the numerical result without referring to the details of the methodology or its implementation within the numerical code. Only the order of accuracy of the existing solver and certain interpolations required to pass information between the mesh levels are needed to improve the order of accuracy and the overall solution accuracy. Using the proposed methodology, Richardson extrapolation is used to increase the order of accuracy of numerical solutions of the linear heat and wave equations and of the nonlinear St. Venant equations in one‐dimension. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Exact solutions for nonlinear Burgers' equation by homotopy perturbation method
Authors: Biazar J. , Ghazvini H. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this article is to construct a new efficient recurrent relation to solve nonlinear Burgers' equation. The homotopy perturbation method is used to solve this equation. Because Burgers' equation arises in many applications, it is worth trying new solution methods. Comparison of the results with those of Adomian's decomposition method leads to significant consequences. Four standard problems are used to illustrate the method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2009
Chemical incorporation of copper into indium selenide thin‐films for processing of CuInSe2 solar cells
Authors: Hibberd C. J. , Ernits K. , Kaelin M. , Müller U. , Tiwari A. N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA chemical method of incorporating copper into indium selenide thin‐films has been investigated, with the goal of creating a precursor structure for conversion into CuInSe2 (CIS) layers suitable for solar cell processing. The precursor and converted layers have been investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). From these measurements, the incorporation of copper into the indium selenide layers is concluded to proceed by an ion‐exchange reaction. This reaction results in the formation of a precursor layer with a graded compositional depth‐profile containing the crystalline phases In2Se3 and Cu2−xSe. Selenisation of the precursor layer homogenises the composition and forms chalcopyrite CIS. These CIS layers exhibit a dense microstructure with rough surface morphology, which is ascribed to a non‐optimal selenisation process. Solar cells with the structure ZnO: Al/i‐ZnO/CdS/CIS/Mo/glass have been processed from the selenised layers and have exhibited efficiencies of up to 4% under simulated AM1·5 illumination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression profiles of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4 mucins in human neoplasms and their relationship with biological behavior
Authors: Yonezawa Suguru , Goto Masamichi , Yamada Norishige , Higashi Michiyo , Nomoto Mitsuharu 
Published: July 2008

AbstractMucins are high molecular weight glycoproteins that play important roles in carcinogenesis or tumor invasion. To clarify the relationship of the expression patterns of mucins in human neoplasms with their biological behavior, we examined the expression profiles of MUC1, MUC2, and MUC4 mucins in various human neoplasms using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, and compared them with clinicopathologic factors including outcome of the patients. MUC1 or MUC4 expression is related with the aggressive behavior of human neoplasms and a poor outcome of the patients. In contrast, MUC2 expression tends to be related with the indolent behavior of human neoplasms and a favorable outcome of the patients, although indolent pancreatobiliary neoplasms sometimes show invasive growth with MUC1 expression in the invasive areas. The expression of MUC2 mucin in indolent pancreatobiliary neoplasms coincided with expression of MUC2 mRNA. Our recent studies to clarify the MUC2 gene regulation mechanism disclosed that DNA methylation and histone modification in the 5′ flanking region of the MUC2 promoter may play an important role. Further studies of the epigenetics also in MUC1 and MUC4 gene expression may be needed to understand the relationship between the expression of mucins in human neoplasms with their biological behavior.
Glycosaminoglycan‐binding cytokines as tumor markers
Authors: Muramatsu Takashi , Muramatsu Hisako 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA significant proportion of cytokines bind to glycosaminoglycans such as heparin. Glycosaminoglycans are involved in signaling, stabilization and/or storage of these cytokines. Typical examples of glycosaminoglycan‐binding cytokines are basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), interleukin‐8 (IL‐8), monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF‐C, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF), midkine, and pleiotrophin. All are present in the tumor microenvironment and promote tumor growth, tumor invasion and/or tumor angiogenesis. Serum or plasma levels of glycosaminoglycan‐binding cytokines are frequently elevated in patients with various malignant tumors. High levels of these cytokines are usually correlated with the occurrence of metastasis and a poor prognosis. The mode of elevation of individual glycosaminoglycan‐binding cytokines in patients with malignant tumors is summarized here. Further studies, especially with multiple cytokines, are expected to make assays clinically useful for both early detection and prognostic prediction.
Application of a peptide‐based PF2D platform for quantitative proteomics in disease biomarker discovery
Authors: Lee Hyoung‐Joo , Kang Min‐Jeong , Lee Eun‐Young , Cho Sang Yun , Kim Hoguen , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA peptide‐based 2‐D liquid phase fractionation (PF2D) system was used in a quantitative proteomic analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma. 2‐D liquid maps of peptide specimens showed better resolution than those of proteins, leading to the identification of differentially expressed proteins. Peptide‐based PF2D gave well‐matched theoretical and experimental pI values and was proven to be a very efficient and versatile analytical tool for both large‐scale profiling and quantification of phosphoproteins in disease biomarker discovery.