bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Informed consent to psychotherapy: Protecting the dignity and respecting the autonomy of patients
Authors: Fisher Celia B. , Oransky Matthew 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWell‐implemented informed consent procedures demonstrate psychotherapists' respect for clients' right to self‐determination and can initiate meaningful contributions to treatment through enhancing mutual trust, building rapport, and facilitating a sense of ownership. This article details key components of informed consent to psychotherapy by placing them within real‐world psychotherapy scenarios. We provide information on client–therapist discussions of the nature and course of therapy, fees and payment policies, the involvement of third parties, confidentiality policies, and new and untested treatments. In addition, this article addresses informed consent procedures for individuals with impaired cognitive capacities and under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) regulations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol:In Session 64: 1–13, 2008.
High doses of nicotinamide prevent oxidative mitochondrial dysfunction in a cellular model and improve motor deficit in a Drosophila model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Jia Haiqun , Li Xin , Gao Hongxiang , Feng Zhihui , Li Xuesen , Zhao Lei , Jia Xu , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Jiankang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNicotinamide, the principal form of niacin (vitamin B3), has been proposed to be neuroprotective in Parkinson's disease. However, the effects and mechanisms of nicotinamide on motor function in animals and on mitochondrial function in cellular systems have not been well studied. We hypothesized that niacin‐derived NAD(P)H as antioxidants and enzyme cofactors could inhibit oxidative damage and improve mitochondrial function and thus protect neurodegeneration and improve motor function. In the present study, the effects of nicotinamide on mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were studied in a 1‐methyl‐4‐phenylpyridinium (MPP+)–induced cellular model of Parkinson's disease, and the effects of improving motor dysfunction were studied in an α‐synuclein transgenic Drosophila Parkinson's model. Mitochondrial function was tested by measuring the activity of mitochondrial complex I and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, and oxidative damage was tested by measuring reactive oxygen species, DNA damage (8‐oxo‐7,8‐dihydro‐2′‐deoxyguanosine and Comet assay), and protein oxidation (protein carbonyls) levels. Nicotinamide at a relatively higher concentration, that is, 100‐fold of the level in the cell culture medium (101 mg/L), significantly protected SK‐N‐MC human neuroblastoma cells from an MPP+‐induced decrease in cell viability, complex I and α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity, and an increase in oxidant generation, DNA damage, and protein oxidation. In the Drosophila model, nicotinamide at 15 and 30 mg/100 g diet significantly improved climbing ability. These results suggest that nutritional supplementation of nicotinamide at high doses decreases oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial and motor function in cellular and/or Drosophila models and may be an effective strategy for preventing and ameliorating Parkinson's disease. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role for nitric oxide in permeability of hippocampal neuronal hemichannels during oxygen glucose deprivation
Authors: Zhang Le , Deng Tongle , Sun Yiguo , Liu Kezhou , Yang Yi , Zheng Xiaoxiang 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIncreased hemichannel opening induced by oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) was reported in the hippocampal pyramidal neuron. It was suggested that the pannexin1 hemichannel opening could mediate ionic flux dysregulation, anoxic depolarization, and energy‐depleting efflux of glucose and ATP for ischemic neurons. However, the regulatory mechanisms of pannexin1 hemichannel opening have been poorly understood. Here we showed that excessive generation of nitric oxide (NO) during ischemia could induce the calcein leakage from neurons, which was markedly reduced by NO synthase inhibitor. The calcein leakage from neurons during OGD was also attenuated by the application of N‐ethylmaleimide (NEM), an SH‐alkylating agent, and dithiothreitol (DTT), a reducer of oxidized sulfhydryl groups. However, the soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) inhibitor had a minor effect on the calcein leakage during OGD. Furthermore, the elevated intracellular but not extracellular levels of glutathione could also inhibit the calcein leakage during OGD. Similar results were observed in metabolic inhibition (MI), which is another ischemic‐like condition. Finally, immunocytochemical and immunoblotting analysis revealed that, after 1 hr of OGD stimulation, the distribution and expression of pannexin1 showed no significant difference compared with control. However, the pannexin1 mRNA expression was elevated after 1 hr of OGD and a sustained increase was maintained during reperfusion. These results implied that the reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially NO, might be involved in the enhanced pannexin1 hemichannel opening and that the S‐nitrosylation but not the NO/cGMP pathway played a more important role in this event. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Volatile compounds from the integument of White Leghorn Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.): Candidate attractants of ornithophilic mosquito species*
Authors: Bernier Ulrich R. , Allan Sandra A. , Quinn Brian P. , Kline Daniel L. , Barnard Donald R. , Clark Gary G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCandidate kairomones of ornithophilic mosquito species are reported from GC/MS analysis of compounds from the skin on the back, the feet, and feathers from the back of White Leghorn chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Hexane and ether extracts of chicken feathers differ significantly in attractiveness of Culex spp. mosquitoes. The active (hexane) extracts contained an abundance of alcohols, ketones, and diones. The inactive (ether) extracts contained aldehydes, which also were in the hexane extracts. Analysis of hexane extracts from chicken feet, skin, and feathers demonstrated the qualitative similarity in the compounds collected with subtle differences observed in the quantitative amounts of these compounds. Aldehydes and carboxylic acids were detected in a concentrated ether extract of feathers in quantitatively similar ratios within each compound class for the corresponding series of C6–C9 aldehydes and acids.
6‐Oxy‐(acetyl ethylenediamine) fluorescein, a novel fluorescent derivatization reagent for carboxylic acids and its application in HPLC
Authors: Du Xiao‐Lan , Wang Hong , Ma Ming , Deng Ying‐Hua , Zhang Hua‐Shan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA novel fluorescent derivatization reagent for carboxylic acids, 6‐oxy‐(acetyl ethylenediamine) fluorescein (AEF), was well designed, synthesized, and applied to HPLC. The derivatization reaction with 12 fatty acids, including n‐valeric acid (C5), n‐hexanoic acid (C6), n‐heptanoic acid (C7), n‐octanoic acid (C8), n‐nonanoic acid (C9), n‐decanoic acid (C10), lauric acid (C12), myristic acid (C14), palmitic acid (C16), stearic acid (C18), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2), was completed at 55°C within 40 min. The derivatives of fatty acids were separated on a C18 RP column and detected by fluorescence detection. The LODs attained were 0.4–1.2 nM (S/N of 3). It has been demonstrated that AEF is a prominent derivatization reagent for carboxylic acids which is suitable for HPLC.
Effect of temperature on the chromatographic retention of ionizable compounds. III. Modeling retention of pharmaceuticals as a function of eluent pH and column temperature in RPLC
Authors: Gagliardi Leonardo G. , Castells Cecilia B. , Ràfols Clara , Rosés Martí , Bosch Elisabeth 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe propose a general simple equation for accurately predicting the retention factors of ionizable compounds upon simultaneous changes in mobile phase pH and column temperature at a given hydroorganic solvent composition. Only four independent experiments provide the input data: retention factors measured in two pH buffered mobile phases at extreme acidic and basic pH values (e. g., at least ± 2 pH units far from the analyte pKa) and at two column temperatures. The equations, derived from the basic thermodynamics of the acid–base equilibria, additionally require the knowledge of the solute pKa and enthalpies of acid–base dissociation of both the solute and the buffer components in the hydroorganic solvent mixture. The performance of the predictive model is corroborated with the comparison between theoretical and experimental retention factors of several weak acids and bases of important pharmacological activity, in mobile phases containing different buffer solutions prepared in 25% w/w ACN in water and at several temperatures.
Screening of anti‐platelet aggregation agents from Panax notoginseng using human platelet extraction and HPLC–DAD–ESI‐MS/MS
Authors: Wang Jing , Huang Zhao‐gang , Cao Hui , Wang Yi‐tao , Hui Ping , Hoo Chai , Li Shao‐ping 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRoot of Panax notoginseng (Sanqi in Chinese) is a highly valued and commonly used Chinese medicine. It has been widely used for treatment of cardio‐ and cerebro‐vascular diseases. In this study, a method involving human platelet extraction and HPLC–DAD–ESI‐MS/MS was developed for screening potential anti‐platelet aggregation agents in Sanqi. Five compounds which could interact with human platelets were found, and four were identified as adenosine, guanosine, ginsenoside Rh1, and ginsenoside F1, respectively. The effects on rabbit platelet aggregation induced by arachidonic acid, adenosine diphosphate, and thrombin were also investigated in vitro. The results showed that the nucleosides adenosine and guanosine mainly contributed to the anti‐platelet aggregation of Sanqi. The data suggest that human platelet extraction combined with HPLC–DAD–ESI‐MS/MS is a useful method for screening anti‐platelet aggregation agents from Chinese medicines.
Preparation of nitrocellulose (NC) immuno‐affinity membrane for purification of rAPC antibody
Authors: Sun Haixiang , Ge Baosheng , Liu Shengnan , Chen Huanlin 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, recombinant allophycocyanin (rAPC) with a purity of 98% was transferred from a gel to a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane to develop a simple and efficient immuno‐affinity membrane. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the surface topography of the affinity membrane and its characterization indicated that rAPC easily forms trimers or hexamers on the membrane surface on use of the given transfer method. The hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the rAPC aggregation was equal to 103 nm or 365 nm according to dynamic light scattering (DLS), which was in agreement with the result obtained by AFM. Based on the specific immunological reaction of antigen and antibody, anti‐APC antibodies were purified from rabbit polyclonal serum in a single step. The amount of absorbed antibody was 5.79 mg/g membrane according to analysis by ELISA methods. The purity of antibodies was up to 98% according to SDS‐PAGE. The adsorption‐desorption cycle of rAPC was repeated six times using the same immuno‐affinity membrane, and there was no significant loss in adsorption capacity. The method provides a novel and efficient immunological affinity membrane for the purification of antibodies.
Instability of hexane–acetonitrile mobile phases used for the chromatographic analysis of triacylglycerides
Authors: Harfmann Robert G. , Julka Samir , Cortes Hernan J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractComprehensive 2‐D LC is an emerging separation technique that has seen a rapid increase in applications in the last decade. The technique has been applied for the separation of numerous complex mixtures including triacylglycerides (TAG). Determination of TAG in food products such as rice, palm, and canola oils have been previously described and the technique of choice utilizes a silver‐modified silica column with hexane–ACN as the mobile phase. Repeated retention time inconsistencies were experienced in our studies when this mobile phase was applied to the separation of natural and synthetic mixtures containing TAG. The present report summarizes a study performed to determine the relative stability of ACN, propionitrile (PCN), and butyronitrile (BCN) at concentrations ranging from 0.43 to 2.8% in hexane and heptane. The data obtained suggest that unless evaporative loss of the mobile phase is prevented, TAG retention time irreproducibility can be significant when using mobile‐phase mixtures prepared with ACN or PCN. BCN should be used as the solvent modifier in cases where evaporation cannot be prevented.
Coatings for Solderable Wires for the Modern Electric Industry
Authors: Rost Simon 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe scientific and industrial history of polyurethane wire enamels during the previous six decades is reviewed. Their main use is as coatings for wires in miniature electrical devices and in electronics, where fast solderability at low temperatures is crucial. Market trends for polyurethane enamels are discussed, and an outlook is provided as to how future developments might influence the industrial use of polyurethane wire enamels.magnified image
Supramolecular Materials Comprising Nucleic Acid Biopolymers
Authors: Smitthipong Wirasak , Neumann Thorsten , Chworos Arkadiusz , Jaeger Luc , Tirrell Matthew 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe have generated a supramolecular self‐assembling film by exchanging the counter‐ions of the phosphate moieties in nucleic acid with those of cationic amphiphiles as didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (or DDAB). SAXS and WAXS data for all film samples showed similar harmonic peaks suggesting a lamellar multilayer structure with layers of nucleic acids being separated by lipid bilayers of DDAB. AFM height images also showed that double stranded nucleic acid film can form the step or plateau type of structure and shorter nucleic acid film showed shorter step feature. Moreover, the length and the molecular structure of DNA and RNA can be used to manipulate the mechanical properties of these self‐assembled films.
Effects of Modified MMT on Mechanical Properties of EVA/MMT Nanocomposites and Their Foams
Authors: Xu Zheng Run , Park Hae Youn , Kim Ho Young , Seo Kwan Ho 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this study, nanocomposites of poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) with two kinds of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT) were prepared by melt intercalation. Their structures and mechanical properties were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and tensile test respectively. Especially, foaming of these nanocomposites mixed with chemical blowing agent was carried out through compression molding. Influences of OMMT on foaming ratio and mechanical properties were investigated by density test, tensile test and tear test. Results revealed that both kinds of OMMT with proper content increased tensile strength and Young's modulus of nanocomposites without a compromise of elongation at break. For foaming, OMMTs apparently improved foaming ratio and in particular, one of them can improve tear strength, tensile strength, Young's modulus and elongation although the density was decreased.
Polypropylene Composites for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates
Authors: Yeetsorn Rungsima , Fowler Michael , Tzoganakis Costas , Yuhua Wang , Taylor Mali 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) holds tremendous promise for a variety of mobile and stationary power generation applications and is the cornerstone of the anticipated hydrogen economy. One of the major factors limiting fuel cell commercialization is the development of bipolar plates since bipolar plates account for approximately 70% of the PEMFC weight, and 60% of the stack manufacturing and materials cost. The objective of this research is to investigate a feasibility of a conductive composite family to be used as bipolar plates in a PEMFC, in order to get the highly conductive, light weight, and low cost bipolar plates. This work utilized a combination of a polypropylene and low cost conductive filler materials: graphite, conductive carbon black, and carbon fibers. The components were combined in a batch mixer and injection molded into samples for testing with loadings up to 65%wt of fillers. The novel blends were tested for electrical conductivity, hydrophobicity, rheology, and actual plates (16 cm2) were tested in fuel cell testing trials. The impact of different types of fillers on the composite properties was evaluated, as well as the synergetic effect of mixtures of fill types within a polypropylene matrix. From the results, the highest conductivity, 1900 S/m (in‐plane) and 156 S/m (through plane), was obtained with the 65% composite. Moreover, the effects of additives such as coupling agents, and intrinsically conductive polymer (polypyrrole) were observed in this work. The electrical conductivity was influenced by polypyrrole added to the polypropylene composite.
Effect of Blending Factors on Eri Silk and Cotton Blended Yarn and Fabric Characteristics
Authors: Chollakup Rungsima , Suesat Jantip , Ujjin Suchada 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEri cocoons were prepared into short fibers and subsequently blended with cotton fiber in order to develop the new fiber blended yarn in the short spinning system. The Eri and cotton fibers were blended using the drawframe blending with varying blending factors, viz. blending composition (0–100%) and yarn counts (30 and 50 tex). The results showed that Eri fiber which was longer and stronger than cotton fiber, affected the fiber distribution in the yarn cross‐section. The mechanical properties of the blended fibers and yarns increased with increasing silk content. Longer fibers of Eri silk tended to move towards the yarn core, especially at silk content higher than 50%. Moreover, stronger and more extensible Eri silk fiber gave an advantage to the improvement of mechanical properties of those blended yarns with silk content higher than 50%. However, with increasing silk content, the blended yarns were more irregular as shown in %CV. Concerning the yarn count effect, the higher yarn count of 50 tex resulted in a more regular yarn with higher yarn strength than that of 30 tex. The plain‐woven fabrics were prepared using the blended yarns as a weft yarn and the cotton yarn or silk yarn as a warp yarn. The mechanical properties of those woven fabrics were characterized in order to study the influence of silk contents. The results showed that tensile strength, %elongation and tear strength of woven fabrics using the blended yarn were increased with an increase in silk content. This is an advantage of Eri silk in the aspect of rendering the strength to the blended yarns and fabrics.
Isotactic Poly(propylene)/Wood Sawdust Composite: Effects of Natural Weathering, Water Immersion, and Gamma‐Ray Irradiation on Mechanical Properties
Authors: Phiriyawirut Manisara , Saenpong Puriphat , Chalermboon Suradet , Sooksakoolrut Ruangdet , Pochanajit Nikorn , Vuttikit Leartprakit , Thongchai Apichate , Supaphol Pitt 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIsotactic poly(propylene) (iPP)/wood sawdust composite containing 30 wt.% of the natural fibers was first prepared by melt‐mixing in a twin screw extruder and later molded into various shaped specimens by injection molding machine. The effect of natural weathering, water immersion, and gamma‐ray irradiation on mechanical properties of the specimens were studied. All of the tensile properties were improved with initial increase in the exposure time of natural weathering of up to 30 days and decreased afterwards. Similarly, the tensile strength and the Young's modulus of the composite increased with initial increase in the radiation dosage and decreased afterwards. On the contrary, the tensile strength and the elongation at break of the composite were unchanged after having been immersed in water for the first 15 days, but increased slightly afterwards. The alteration in these properties were postulated to be a result of the interplay between the cross‐linking and the chain scission reactions that occurred during natural weathering and gamma‐ray irradiation and the plasticizing effect of the absorbed water molecules during water immersion.
Effect of Silane Coupling Agent and Compatibilizer on Properties of Short Rossells Fiber/Poly(propylene) Composites
Authors: Jarukumjorn Kasama , Sutapun Wimonlak , Ruksakulpiwat Yupaporn , Kluengsamrong Jongrak 
Published: April 2008

AbstractRossells fiber reinforced polypropylene composites were prepared by melt mixing. The fiber content was 20 wt%. Octadecyltrimethoxysilane (OTMS) and maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (MAPP) were used to improve the adhesion between poly(propylene) (PP) and the fiber. The mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties, and heat distortion temperature (HDT) of the composites were investigated. Tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strength and HDT of MAPP modified PP composites increased with an increase in MAPP content. However, no remarkable effect of MAPP content on the Young's modulus of the composites was found. OTMS resulted in small decreases of tensile strength and Young's modulus, and increase in impact strength. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that MAPP enhanced surface adhesion between the fiber surface and PP matrix.
Preparation and Properties of Pyrene‐Modified Multi‐ Walled Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Resin Nanocomposites
Authors: Choi Deok‐Kyu , Jin Sung‐Hun , Lee Dai‐Soo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNanocomposites of multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/bis‐phenol A type epoxy resin were prepared and physical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated. For the fine dispersion of MWCNT in the epoxy resin, MWCNT was modified with pyrene butyric acid (PBA) in the supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). The physical adsorption of PBA on the surface of MWCNTs was studied with a thermogravimetric analyzer and a transmission electron microscopy. The electrical surface resistivities of the nanocomposites showed threshold decreases due to percolations above the critical concentration of the MWCNT. The resistivities showed maximum depending on the concentration and the modification of the surface of the MWCNT with PBA. It is postulated that the dispersion of the MWCNT in epoxy resins resulted in dispersion systems which exhibit rheological properties similar to lyotropic liquid crystalline polymers. The surface resistivities of the MWCNT/epoxy systems reflected the morphological characteristics of the systems which also determined rheological properties of the systems.
Synthesis and Characterization of Amino Acid Modified Chitooligosaccharides
Authors: Ngamviriyavong Patcharee , Uppanan Paweena , Janvikul Wanida 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAmino acid modified chitooligosaccharides were synthesized by the new synthetic route. The chloroacetyl‐chitooliogosaccharide intermediates were prepared under a mild condition via a reaction between chitooligosaccharide (COS) and chloroacetic anhydride. The intermediates were subsequently reacted with a variety of amino acids, e.g., glycine, aspartic acid, alanine, arginine, and serine, under a basic condition, yielding amino acid modified COS products. The degree of chloroacetylation was calculated based on new 1H NMR absorption peaks at 3.80 and 3.94 ppm, corresponding to NHCOCH2Cl and OCOCH2Cl, respectively. The degrees of chloroacetylation determined were 0.40, 0.44, 0.62, and 0.93 when the mole ratios of chloroacetic anhydride to COS were 0.5, 1, 2, and 4, respectively. The chemical structures of the COS derivatives were also determined using 1H NMR spectroscopy. The biological properties of the derivatives were evaluated. Cytotoxicity of the derivatives was assessed by a direct contact, using L929 cells. An MTT assay was a method of choice to evaluate the efficacy of the derivatives to enhance the proliferation of L929 cells.