bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Important Risk Factors of Liver Cirrhosis in HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfected Patients: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mehraeen Esmaeil , Janfaza Nazanin , Shahidi Ramin , Afzalian Arian , Varshochi Sanaz , Jashaninejad Reyhaneh , Pashaei Ava , Tantuoyir Marcarious M. , Camara Muhammed , Paranjkhoo Parinaz , Parmoon Zohal , Elnaz Shahmohamadi , Salmani Roghayeh , Matini Parisa , Mirzapour Pegah , Ebrahimi Hooman , Moradi Ali , SeyedAlinaghi SeyedAhmad , Jahanfar Shayesteh 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the leading cause of chronic hepatitis and liver fibrosis. Due to shared modes of transmission with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), HIV-HCV coinfection is also common worldwide. Multiple studies have shown that the rates of liver fibrosis and associated complications increase considerably in this sub-population compared to a single HCV infection. Thus, in this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review of possible associated important risk factors of accelerated liver cirrhosis among HIV-HCV coinfected subjects.

Methods
A systematic review of published studies relevant to the main risk factors of liver cirrhosis progression in HIV and hepatitis C coinfected patients was performed using databases of PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase were searched using keywords and their combinations. We retrieved all the relevant papers and reports published in English till 27 June 2022, which were examined by applying inclusion/exclusion criteria for data extraction after a two-step screening process.

Results
The long-term or chronic hepatitis C and HIV coinfection is a substantial risk factor for Cirrhosis. Primary etiologies identified causing fibrosis, and the rapid progression of Cirrhosis in HIV/HCV coinfected patients include high-risk alcohol consumption, chronic elevation of ALT, AST, Aspartate Aminotransferase to Platelet Ratio Index (APRI) and Gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), Body Mass Index (BMI), older age, high HIV and HCV viral loads, lower CD4+ count (<250/mm3), and male gender. Comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and high visceral fat area are suggested etiologies of cirrhosis.

Conclusion
The results showed that HIV accelerates the progression of HCV-related liver disease independent of its effect on the immune system. This effect is somehow dependent on age, gender, BMI, duration of HIV infection, and CD4 count.
Systematic Review on Public Health Problems and Barriers for Sex Workers
Authors: Mokhwelepa Leshata Winter , Ngwenya Mxolisi Welcome , Sumbane Gsakani Olivia 
Published: April 2024

Background
The phenomenon of healthcare and social struggles among sex workers in communities of South Africa is a critical concern. Sex workers are often stigmatised, discriminated against, and violated. This study stems from the observation that sex workers experience daily healthcare and social challenges due to their line of work. This involves prejudice and stigma from the general public and medical professionals. Despite government efforts to raise the calibre of healthcare services, some healthcare systems remain problematic.

Objective
The study intended to critically review the publications on public health problems and barriers faced by sex workers.

Methodology
The systematic review methodology was used in the investigation. Identification of the problem, literature search, data evaluation, data analysis, and presentation were the five stages of the systematic review that were carried out. The following electronic databases were used to conduct a thorough search of the literature from 2013 to 2022: CINAHL, Medline, PubMed, JStore, and Embase. The search phrases included “sex workers,” “health problems,” “barriers,” “experiences,” “challenges,” “Mental Health,” and “systematic review”. Studies that were published prior to 2013 did not focus on the challenges, barriers, and social and health problems of sex workers and were not reported in English were excluded. Following the critical review evaluation, 30 studies were selected for this study out of a total of 85 studies. The categories were constructed using Creswell's Tesch method of data analysis.

Results
The analysis yielded two themes and seven subthemes: (1) public social problems that sex workers must navigate, including violence, criminalisation of sex work, stigma, prejudice, and linguistic and cultural hurdles, (2) high rates of HIV and STIs, a lack of comprehensive knowledge of reproductive and health issues, problems with mental health, and challenging access to care are some examples of the complexity of public healthcare.

Conclusion
A multipronged approach, including legal reform, destigmatisation, and increased access to healthcare and social support services, is required to address the healthcare and social struggles of sex workers.
In Silico Validation Studies of Cyanobacterial Bioactive Compounds Against Α-amylase and Α-glucosidase Markers in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmad Suhail , Akhtar Salman , Farooqui Alvina 
Published: April 2024

Aim
The study aims to assess the binding efficiency of cyanobacterial compounds against key Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) targets, α-amylase and α-glucosidase, using an in-silico approach. Additionally, it aims to design drugs with minimal adverse effects or no toxicity to inhibit the complications and help in the management of T2DM.

Methods
Twenty-five (25) cyanobacterial bioactive compounds were sourced from various cyanobacterial strains via the PubChem database. The three-dimensional structures of the target proteins, α-amylase (1KB3) and α-glucosidase (1QOX) were obtained from RCSB PDB and visualized using Discovery Studio Visualizer 3.0. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock 4.2 and Cygwin.

Results
Studies revealed that Ethyl tumonoate A, Debromoaplysiatoxin, and Scytoscalalrol exhibited higher binding interactions with α-amylase (1KB3), while Ambiguine I Isonitrile, Scytoscalalrol, and Cylindrospermopsin displayed higher binding affinities with α-glucosidase (1QOX) among the tested cyanobacterial bioactive compounds. These compounds exhibited greater binding affinities compared to synthetic drugs like metformin (-7.66 kcal/mol) and acarbose (-8.86 kcal/mol).

Conclusion
Our findings suggest that cyanobacterial bioactive compounds, particularly Ethyl tumonoate A, Ambiguine I Isonitrile, Cylindrospermopsin, and Scytoscalalrol, possess potential binding affinities with T2DM-related targets, making them promising lead compounds for the development of novel drugs with fewer side effects for the management of T2DM and its associated complications.
Time-Varying Network Models for the Temporal Dynamics of Depressive Symptomatology in Patients With Depressive Disorders: Secondary Analysis of Longitudinal Observational Data
Authors: Siepe Björn Sebastian , Sander Christian , Schultze Martin , Kliem Andreas , Ludwig Sascha , Hegerl Ulrich , Reich Hanna 
Published: April 2024

Background
As depression is highly heterogenous, an increasing number of studies investigate person-specific associations of depressive symptoms in longitudinal data. However, most studies in this area of research conceptualize symptom interrelations to be static and time invariant, which may lead to important temporal features of the disorder being missed.

Objective
To reveal the dynamic nature of depression, we aimed to use a recently developed technique to investigate whether and how associations among depressive symptoms change over time.

Methods
Using daily data (mean length 274, SD 82 d) of 20 participants with depression, we modeled idiographic associations among depressive symptoms, rumination, sleep, and quantity and quality of social contacts as dynamic networks using time-varying vector autoregressive models.

Results
The resulting models showed marked interindividual and intraindividual differences. For some participants, associations among variables changed in the span of some weeks, whereas they stayed stable over months for others. Our results further indicated nonstationarity in all participants.

Conclusions
Idiographic symptom networks can provide insights into the temporal course of mental disorders and open new avenues of research for the study of the development and stability of psychopathological processes.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND NATURAL HISTORY OF Tantilla schistosa (SQUAMATA: COLUBRIDAE)
Authors: MacKnight Maisie , Luna-Reyes Roberto , Clause Adam 
Published: April 2024

AAlthough snakes of the genus Tantilla are widespread throughout much of the Western Hemisphere, many aspects of their distribution and ecology remain unknown. Here, we present additional distribution records of Tantilla schistosa in the state of Chiapas, Mexico. We also explore the inconsistent literature regarding the distributional and elevational range of the species, and augment knowledge of its habitat, predator-prey relationships, and conservation status. Our work highlights the value of using multiple data sources to produce a better understanding of the geographic distribution and natural history of little-known species
Características psicométricas de la Escala de Depresión, Ansiedad y Estrés (DASS-21) en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Salinas-Muñoz Joel , Livia Segovia José Héctor , Campos-Uscanga Yolanda , Argüelles-Nava Vianey Guadalupe , Contreras-Alarcón Guillermo , Mota-Morales María De Lourdes 
Published: April 2024

Introducción: Los estados emocionales negativos como el estrés, la ansiedad y la depresión son cada vez más frecuentes en los jóvenes y su detección es prioritaria, tanto por las afecciones al bienestar como por su relación con otros daños a la salud. Aunque existen algunas escalas para su medición, en México no se dispone de evidencias de validación para este grupo poblacional.
Objetivo: Determinar las características psicométricas de la versión abreviada de la Escala de depresión, ansiedad y estrés (DASS-21) en estudiantes universitarios de ciencias de la salud de una universidad del estado de Veracruz, México.
Método: Se realizó un estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo para determinar las características psicométricas de la escala DASS-21. Se aplicó a una muestra de 135 estudiantes universitarios. Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio mediante el método de extracción mínimos cuadrados no ponderados con rotación promax, posteriormente se analizó la validez de criterio.
Resultados: El análisis factorial confirmatorio estableció un modelo de tres factores, que explican el 59.9% de la varianza, con pesos factoriales mayores a .30. El análisis de ecuaciones estructurales permitió corroborar el modelo, con índices de ajustes de acuerdo con lo esperado. Asimismo, las dimensiones establecen una correlación positiva entre los mismos y el puntaje total. Los índices de fiabilidad alpha de Cronbach, omega de McDonald y confiabilidad compuesta son mayores a .70, lo cual refleja la consistencia de las puntuaciones para cada factor.
Conclusiones: Las características psicométricas de las subescalas depresión, ansiedad y estrés confirmaron la validez interna y de criterio, asimismo las puntuaciones son consistentes.
Disentangling Carbon Concentration Changes Along Pathways of North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water
Authors: Reijnders Daan , Bakker Dorothee C. E. , Sebille Erik Van 
Published: April 2024

North Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water (NASTMW) serves as a major conduit
for dissolved carbon to penetrate into the ocean interior by its
wintertime outcropping events. Prior research on NASTMW has concentrated
on its physical formation and destruction, as well as Lagrangian
pathways and timescales of water into and out of NASTMW. In this study,
we examine how dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentrations are
modified along Lagrangian pathways of NASTMW on subannual timescales. We
introduce Lagrangian parcels into a physical-biogeochemical model and
release these parcels annually over two decades. For different pathways
into, out of, and within NASTMW, we calculate changes in DIC
concentrations along the path (ΔDIC), distinguishing contributions from
vertical mixing and biogeochemical processes. While the mean ΔD for
parcels that persist within NASTMW in one year is relatively small at +6
µmol/L, this masks underlying dynamics: individual parcels undergo
interspersed DIC depletion and enrichment, spanning several timescales
and magnitudes. The strongest ΔDIC is during subduction of water parcels
(+101 µmol/L in one year), followed by transport out of NASTMW due to
increases in density in water parcels (+10 µmol/L). Most DIC enrichment
and depletion regimes span timescales of weeks, related to phytoplankton
blooms. However, mixing and biogeochemical processes often oppose one
another at short timescales, so the largest net DIC changes occur at
timescales of more than 30 days. Our new Lagrangian approach complements
bulk Eulerian approaches, which average out this underlying complexity,
and is relevant to other biogeochemical studies, for example on marine
carbon dioxide removal.
Discretization of Laplacian Operator on 19 Points Stencil Using Cylindrical Mesh System with the Help of Explicit Finite Difference Scheme
Authors: Soomro Inayatullah , Mallah Rabnawaz , Muhammad Javed Iqbal  , Ahmed Waqar , Abdul Ghafoor  
Published: April 2024

Abstract.
In research and technology, discretization is essential for describing and numerically assessing mathematical models. To provide promising numerical formulations with computationally efficient, mathematical models, which are frequently constructed using partial differential equations need to be discretized on curved meshes. Achieving isotropic discrete solutions is crucial for numerical evaluations of partial differential equations in many mathematical models, since it guarantees stability, correctness, and efficiency. This work revolves around the Laplacian operator, a fundamental mathematical operation in models such as Cell Dynamic simulations, Self-Consistent Field theory, and Image Processing. In this work, we utilize the explicit finite difference approach due of its correctness and computational ease. Using a cylindrical mesh structure, the Laplacian is discretized on a 19-point stencil with mixed derivatives. On cylindrical mesh systems, the numerical formulations developed here can be used to approximate solutions of partial differential equations of the first and second order. Significant isotropy, stability, and precision in computational findings for the Laplacian operator are guaranteed by the computational molecule proposed in this work. Potential applications of this formulation include the numerical analysis of different mathematical models employing the Laplacian operator.
Micro-shear Bond Strength of an Alternative Self-etch Application of “No Wait” Universal Adhesive to Caries-affected and Sound Dentin in Permanent and Primary Teeth
Authors: Bahadır HS , Tuğutlu EC 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY

Objective:
This study aimed to compare the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of caries-affected dentin (CAD) and sound dentin (SoD) in primary and permanent teeth using an alternative self-etch application of “no wait” universal adhesive.

Methods and Materials:
Flat midcoronal dentin surfaces from 72 permanent third molars and 72 second primary molars were distributed randomly into 12 groups according to the substrate SoD and artificially-created CAD (pH cycling for 14 days) and the adhesive system (GLUMA Bond5, a two-step etch & rinse adhesive, GLUMA Bond, a one-step self-etch adhesive, and Tokuyama Universal Bond, a one-step self-etch adhesive) (n=12). Bonded dentin resin discs were put through micro-shear bond strength testing after 10,000 thermocycles. The results were evaluated using two-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni test with a significance level of α = 0.05.

Results:
When compared to SoD, the etch & rinse system's test results on artificially created CAD showed a statistically significant poorer bonding performance in both permanent and primary teeth in all groups (p&lt;0.05). While the bond strengths of permanent teeth using total-etch adhesive on sound dentin were statistically significantly higher than those using Tokuyama Universal Bond adhesive (p&lt;0.05), there was no significant difference in sound dentin in primary teeth (p&gt;0.05).

Conclusions:
The etch & rinse system performed the poorest of all adhesive systems on CAD. The Tokuyama Universal Bond's adhesive strength was similar in SoD and CAD on primary teeth. The use of Tokuyama Universal Adhesives can speed up restorative treatment in pediatric dentistry.
Influence of Varied Silane Commercial Brands and Adhesive Application on Bond Strength and Stability to Lithium Disilicate Glass Ceramic
Authors: Calixto ET , Kelmer VF , Komegae GH , Pacheco RR , Pini NIP , Sundfeld D 
Published: April 2024

SUMMARY

Objectives:
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of various commercial silane brands with varied chemical compositions with or without the application of an adhesive layer on the microshear bond strength and durability of a resin luting agent to lithium disilicate glass ceramic.

Methods and Materials:
Lithium disilicate glass ceramic discs (EMX, IPS e.max Press, Ivoclar Vivadent) measuring 10 mm in diameter and 3 mm in thickness were fabricated (n=240). Surfaces were etched using 5% hydrofluoric acid and randomly assigned to 10 groups based on the commercial brand of silane used (n=24): [RP] RelyX Ceramic Primer (3M ESPE); [PS] Prosil (FGM); [SA] Silano (Angelus); [SM] Silano (Maquira); [SU] Silane (Ultradent); [GL] GLUMA Ceramic Primer (Kulzer); [CB] Ceramic Bond (VOCO); [MB] Monobond N (Ivoclar Vivadent); [CP] Clearfil Ceramic Primer (Kuraray); and [DE] 2-step silane (Dentsply Sirona). Half of the EMXs (n=12) received a thin adhesive layer (+) after the silane and prior to resin luting agent, while the other half (n=12) did not receive an adhesive layer (-). For the microshear bond strength test (μSBS), four light-cured resin luting agent cylinders (1 mm in diameter) were created on each EMX surface. Half of these specimens were tested after 24 hours, while the other half were stored in deionized water for 6 months. The μSBS test was conducted using a universal testing machine (DL 500, EMIC) at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min until failure. The obtained data underwent statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test (α=0.05).

Results:
There was significant influence of the silane commercial brand on bond strength. Notably, “universal primers” yielded lower bond strength results compared to “pure” silane solutions. Water storage had a detrimental effect on microshear bond strength for certain silane commercial brands. Additionally, the application of an adhesive layer negatively impacted bond strength results for all silanes.

Conclusions:
This study confirms the importance of both silane commercial brand and chemical composition in relation to bond strength of resin luting agents to lithium disilicate glass ceramic. Furthermore, the application of an adhesive layer may have an adverse effect on bond stability over time.
POLA FLUKTUASI POPULASI WERENG HIJAU (Nephotettix virescens Distant) DAN KEBERADAAN PENYAKIT TUNGRO DI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Rosida Nur , Kuswinanti Tutik , Nasruddin Andi 
Published: April 2024

Penyakit tungro merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman padi yang disebarkan secara semi-persisten oleh vektor wereng hijau (Nephotettix virescens Distant) dan disebabkan oleh dua macam virus, yaitu rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) dan rice tungro spherical virus (RTSV). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola fluktuasi populasi vektor dan keberadaan penyakit tungro di Sulawesi Selatan. Dilaksanakan di lahan petani (Pinrang, Sidrap, Gowa dan Maros) dan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biokimia Balai Besar Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Bogor, sejak bulan Januari 2019 sampai Maret 2020. Survei populasi vektor dan insiden tungro dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dan sistematic sampling. Vektor tungro dikumpulkan dengan sweep net sebanyak 20 kali ayunan kemudian dihitung populasinya di masing-masing lokasi, sedangkan persentase kejadian tungro ditentukan dengan cara menghitung jumlah tanaman bergejala tungro dibagi total tanaman yang diamati per areal pengamatan dikali 100%. Keberadaan RTBV dan RTSV dideteksi dengan metode PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi wereng hijau (0 – 23 ekor/20 ayunan) dan persentase insiden tungro (0,01-0,13%) di Pinrang, Sidrap, Gowa dan Maros tergolong rendah. Dibandingkan tahun-tahun sebelumnya, pola fluktuasi populasi vektor tungro cenderung berubah. Puncak populasi vektor di Pinrang dan Sidrap terjadi pada pertengahan Februari dan awal Agustus sedangkan di Gowa dan Maros terjadi pada akhir Februari dan akhir Juni. Persentase kejadian tungro berbanding lurus dengan fluktuasi populasi vektornya. Dari 40 sampel tanaman padi yang dikumpulkan dari empat kabupaten di Sulawesi Selatan hanya 4 sampel yang positif RTBV dan tidak ada sampel yang positif RTSV.
PENGARUH NUTRIPRIMING PADA BENIH DENGAN ZINC (Zn) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN VEGETATIF TANAMAN JAGUNG UNGU HIBRIDA
Authors: Sion Rusdi , Agustiansyah Agustiansyah , Timotiwu Paul Benyamin 
Published: April 2024

Priming benih adalah perlakuan awal pada benih untuk meningkatkan perkecambahan dan vigor tanaman. Zinc (Zn) memiliki peran penting dalam pertumbuhan tanaman, dan kekurangan Zn dapat menyebabkan gejala seperti klorosis dan pertumbuhan abnormal. Nutripriming adalah salah satu teknik yang melibatkan perendaman benih dalam larutan nutrisi untuk meningkatkan kualitas benih. Beberapa penelitian belakangan ini menunjukkan bahwa priming benih dengan Zn sulfat dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kandungan Zn dalam tanaman seperti padi dan jagung. hal ini tentunya memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman, kualitas benih, dan hasil panen. Penelitian ini memiliki 3 perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi kontrol, nutripriming Zn 0,5%, dan nutripriming Zn 1%. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 6 kali. Total satuan percobaan yang terdapat pada penelitian ini yang terdiri dari 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan adalah sebanyak 18 petak. Masing masing petak terdiri dari 14 tanaman jagung ungu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa perlakuan nutripriming 0,5% meningkatkan metabolisme tanaman yang dilihat dari tren peningkatan persentase daya kecambah benih pada minggu pertama, tren peningkatan tinggi tanaman, tren jumlah daun tanaman, tren tingkat kehijauan daun dan laju asimilasi daun per unit luas daun.