bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
p‐type conducting ZnO:P microwires prepared by direct carbothermal growth
Authors: Cao B. Q. , Lorenz M. , Brandt M. , von Wenckstern H. , Lenzner J. , Biehne G. , Grundmann M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPhosphorous‐doped (ZnO:P) and undoped ZnO wires with diameter of several micrometers and length of several hundred micrometers were thermally grown directly on phosphorus pentoxide doped and undoped ZnO:graphite targets, respectively. The cathodoluminescence spectra of single ZnO:P microwires show three typical acceptor‐related emissions which are attributed to (A0, X), (e, A0), and DAP. Three‐terminal, gate voltage dependent electrical measurements of back‐gate field effect transistors with the microwires as channels indicate reproducibly that undoped ZnO and ZnO:P microwires are n‐type and p‐type conductive, respectively. The p‐type conductivity was found to be stable over more than six months. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Truths, Facts and Values
Authors: Reinhardt Lloyd 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe paper suggests a revival of the 17th century distinction between truths of reason and truths of fact. Some points are made which seem to me show it obviously false that a fact is merely a true proposition. Truths of fact, contingent truths, are rightly seen as corresponding to facts. Other truths, including ethical truths of right and wrong are, if true, necessarily true. In general, necessarily true statements, including those of mathematics are wrongly construed as factual.Ethics and aesthetics, it is maintained, can be construed as noncognitive; but not because claims in these domains are other than claims to truth. They are, in large part, not claims to knowledge, which does not bar them from being claims to truth.
Solution NMR studies of apo‐mSin3A and ‐mSin3B reveal that the PAH1 and PAH2 domains are structurally independent
Authors: He Yuan , Radhakrishnan Ishwar 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe evolutionarily conserved mammalian Sin3 (mSin3) transcriptional corepressor interacts with a diverse array of transcription factors mainly through two PAH (paired amphipathic helix) domains located near the N terminus. Previous studies suggested the possibility of interdomain interactions involving the PAH domains. Here, we show that the domains are structurally independent and the properties of the individual domains, such as the conformational heterogeneity and the ability of mSin3A PAH2 to homodimerize, are preserved in constructs that span both PAH domains. Our results thus suggest that the N‐terminal segments of the Sin3 proteins are broadly available for interactions with other proteins and that the PAH domains are organized into structurally independent modules. Our data also rule out any heterotypic association between the paralogous mSin3A and mSin3B proteins via interactions involving the mSin3A PAH2 domain.
Physiological Basis for Differences in Resistance to Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels and Hallett in Two Androgenic Genotypes of Festulolium Derived from Tetraploid F1 Hybrids of Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum (Festulolium)
Authors: Pociecha E. , Płażek A. , Janowiak F. , Janeczko A. , Zwierzykowski Z. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the physiological basis for differences in resistance to pink snow mould (Microdochium nivale) in two androgenic genotypes of Festulolium (Festuca pratensis × Lolium multiflorum) which differed in terms of their resistance to M. nivale. Genotype 716 was more resistant than genotype 729. The study consisted of two experiments. The aim of the first experiment was to estimate the ability of the plants to survive winter conditions. The aim of the second experiment was to find physiological markers of resistance to snow mould. Festulolium plants were infected with M. nivale mycelium after pre‐hardening and hardening. After 2 weeks in the dark at 2°C, there was a sharp increase in the phenolic content in both genotypes. The increase was greater in the more resistant genotype 716 than in genotype 729. Phenolics therefore may play a very important role in overwintering in grasses, similar to carbohydrates. Based on the differences between the two genotypes, potential indicators of resistance to M. nivale in Festulolium include increased soluble carbohydrate content, increased phenolic content, increased hydrogen peroxide accumulation, decreased catalase activity, increased abscisic acid content and reduced heat emission.
Factors influencing Willow Tit Poecile montanus site occupancy: a comparison of abandoned and occupied woods
Authors: LEWIS ALEX J. G. , AMAR ARJUN , CORDI‐PIEC DANIEL , THEWLIS RICHARD M. 
Published: November 2007

The British Willow Tit Poecile montanus kleinschmidti underwent a decline of 85% between 1970 and 2003. The cause of this decline is unknown. However, several hypotheses have been put forward to account for it: competition from other tit species, predation by Great Spotted Woodpeckers Dendrocopos major and habitat change. In order to test these, woods that are currently occupied by Willow Tits were paired with woods (within 50 km) that had been abandoned by Willow Tits five or more years previously. Point counts for other tit species (potential competitors) and woodpecker species (potential predators) were carried out at ten evenly spaced points throughout each wood. Habitat variables were collected within a 50‐m radius of where a Willow Tit was located (in the occupied woods) or where maps showed a Willow Tit had been located (for abandoned woods). No evidence was found for differences in numbers of potential competitor or potential predator species in abandoned and occupied woods. Soil water content was found to be higher at occupied sites. No other habitat features differed between the two categories of site. The drying up of British woods could therefore be implicated in the Willow Tit decline and this warrants further investigation.
Wireless Sensor Networks: Realizing the Dream
Authors: Gaura E. , Newman R. M. 
Published: November 2007

This paper presents a thought experiment as to the feasibility of using large scale wireless sensor networks as a vehicle for high level scientific investigation. The discussion is framed by a demanding scenario, that of planetary exploration, and the assessment of feasibility is driven by the available	micromachining technologies and recent advances in the areas of ad-hoc networking, communications and intelligent sensing. Following the development of the mission, the next question addressed is that of how MEMS and VLSI technologies may be integrated to provide a self-contained space probe, 40mm in length. A sensor payload is proposed, which includes seismic, chemical, temperature and visual exploration. Possible means are discussed for developing integrated sensors to address these sensing requirements. The energy and communications systems are also discussed, based on the needs of a mission profile, which provides no special 'base statio n' nodes on the surface, requiring each sensor package to be capable of communication with an orbiting satellite. It is concluded that the sensor node hardware would appear to be feasible, with current levels of MEMS and VLSI technologies. It is hoped that the study will enthuse and encourage researchers from a variety of domains, including micro-engineering and the computer sciences to explore in depth the potential of the wireless sensor networks and give them some high level awareness as to the constraints the design of such systems impose.
Characterization of a-SiC:H as Masking Material in MEMS Applications
Authors: Reyes-Betanzo C. , Zuñiga-Islas C. , Pérez-Trejo A. , Rosas-Guevara G. , Itzmoyotl-Toxqui A. , Calleja-Arriaga W. , Torres-Jácome A. 
Published: November 2007

In this work a characterization of silicon carbide films (a- SiC:H) to be used as masking material in wet etching of silicon and glass	for MEMS applications is presented. Silicon carbide was deposited by	PECVD from silane and methane mixture diluted with hydrogen, at low RF frequency. Film chemical bondings were characterized by IR	spectrophotometry and UV/visible transmitance, the surface quality of films was estimated by AFM. A correlation among the Si-C bonding concentration, grain density on film surface, and the films etching resistant was observed. In	order to pattern the silicon carbide, samples were dry etched	in a RIE/ICP system with CF4 gas, and etch rates as high as 1000 Aå/min were achieved. Silicon carbide films with low rate of silane in the mixture proved to be more resistant to wet solutions of KOH and HF:Cl for etching of silicon and glass, respectively.
Fabrication of an Electro-Optical Temperature Sensor Based on Silicon Oxynitride Films Deposited by PECVD
Authors: Martins G. S. , Mina A. M. , Alayo M. I. 
Published: November 2007

We present the fabrication and characterization of an electro-optical temperature sensor based on silicon oxynitride dielectric films deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition at low temperatures (~300oC). The temperature sensor is basically a Mach-Zehnder interferometer such that a temperature difference between its arms produces a phase difference between the electromagnetic waves traveling through each arm thus originating a variation in the output optical power. In order to analyze the feasibility of this	sensor, a temperature difference is imposed by applying a heating element in one of the arms. The results show that it is possible to control the optical device output through the adequate control of the heating element. Furthermore, the influence of heat propagation, multimode noise and methods to obtain monomode optical waveguides and self-sustained Mach- Zehnder structures are discussed in this work.
Sigma-Delta Analog to Digital Converter for use in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices for Biochemical Clinical Analyses
Authors: Minas G. , Rocha J. G. 
Published: November 2007

This paper describes a sigma-delta analog to digital converter, which was designed for use in lab-on-a-chip devices, especially in low- cost measurement of biochemical substances in biological fluids by spectrophotometric analysis. The optical sensors were integrated in the same fabrication CMOS process with the analog to digital converters, which are based on sigma-delta modulators. Signals proportional to the intensity of the transmitted light through the biological fluids, which are proportional to the biochemical substance concentration, are	available at the output in the form of bit streams allowing simple computer	interfacing. Although the sigma-delta converters designed for this project have a very simple architecture, they have other advantages relatively to other interfacing devices used with the same purpose, namely, the	noise that is integrated with the signal and then digitally filtered, which means that, except for its small quantity in the signal band, it is eliminated by the device.
Channel Length Reduction Influence on Harmonic Distortion of Graded-Channel Gate-All-Around Devices
Authors: Doria R. T. , Pavanello M. A. , Cerdeira A. , Raskin J. P. , Flandre D. 
Published: November 2007

This work compares the linearity of conventional and Graded- Channel (GC) Gate-All-Around (GAA) devices for analog operation as in an amplifier when the channel length is scaled. The study has been performed through two-dimensional process and device simulations. Total harmonic distortion (THD) and third order harmonic distortion (HD3) have been evaluated. When taking into account similar bias the performance of GC GAA transistors remains better than the uniformly doped GAA for any channel length. Although scaling the devices tends to degrade the harmonic distortion, significant results were obtained for the GC	configuration measured as an improvement of more than 15 dB in	total harmonic distortion-to-gain ratio operating in the same	region	with channel length of 1μm and with lightly doped region length	of 0.3 μm.
Influence of the Tunneling Gate Current on C-V Curves
Authors: Rodrigues Michele , Sonnenberg Victor , Martino João A. 
Published: November 2007

This paper presents a study of the tunneling gate current	influence on the Capacitance vs. Voltage curve in deep submicrometer CMOS technology. Two-dimensional numerical simulations are performed considering thin gate oxide and N+ polysilicon as a gate material. The influence of the tunneling gate current on the polysilicon depletion region is also	analysed. It is observed that the tunneling current masks the	polysilicon depletion effect due to the large increase of the	substrate silicon depletion region.
Influence of Nucleation Parameters in Ge NCs Formation by LPCVD
Authors: Marins E S. , Mestanza S. N. , Teixeira R. C. , Doi I. 
Published: November 2007

In this work, we study the nucleation phase that precedes the growth of	Ge nanostructures (ns) on SiO2 matrix by LPCVD (Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition). The influence of the nucleation parameters	on size and spatial distribution of Ge ns is analyzed. Results	of atomic force microscopy (AFM) show that a high ns density of 3.6x1010 cm-2, with a mean size of 11 nm, can be obtained with the set of the following	parameters: 600o C/5 Torr/10 sccm SiH4. Results of high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) show that obtained Ge ns are nanocrystals (NCs).
Effects of Non-Uniform Size Distrubution on the Spectral Optical Gain Properties of InGaAs/InGaAsP Quantum Dots
Authors: Mialichi J. R. , Frateschi N. C. 
Published: November 2007

We present the theoretical study of optical gain in quantum dots based on the InGaAs/InGaAsP system. A complete computational tool was	developed to allow the analysis of the effects of the size distribution of the dots. Spectral gain curves are generated for InGaAs/InGaAsP	dots where high optical gain and high independence of spectral characteristics are obtained for a uniform distribution of dots. With typical non-uniform	distribution, we show a reduction in gain by a factor of 3. Also, we	predict the onset of new transition peaks and a red shift in the most probable operating lasing wavelength.
Magnetic Nanocomposite Thin Films Prepared by Sol-Gel Process
Authors: Seara Luciana M. , Ardisson José D. , Mohallem Nelcy D. 
Published: November 2007

Nanostructure oxide thin films have potential technological use due to their unique properties, diverse from those of similar polycrystalline materials. The use of an inorganic matrix as a	nanocrystalline particle host allows uniform particle size, and homogeneous distribution and dispersion. Nickel and cobalt ferrite and ferrite composite thin films	using silica matrix were prepared by sol-gel process using tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as a precursor of silica, and metallic nitrates as precursors of ferrite. The films were prepared and deposited on various substrates using the dip- coating process. The films obtained were adherent, transparent,	homogeneous and free of microcracks and presented crystalline	NiFe2O4, CoFe2O4, NiFe2O4/SiO2 and NiFe2O4/SiO2 phases and other phases in minor proportion.
Formation of Anodically Self-Assembled Oxidized Aluminum for Photonic Crystal Fabrication
Authors: Raimundo Daniel S. , Fernandez Francisco J. , Salcedo Walter J. 
Published: November 2007

The aim of the present work was to contribute to the nanostructured selfassembled systems fabrication to photonic and optoelectronic applications. Self-assembled porous alumina structures were obtained. These structures	were fabricated by electrochemical technique (anodization of aluminum substrates). The effects of acid type and anodizing voltage on the formation of porous alumina film were analyzed. It was	discussed the possible mechanism of self-assembled pores formation.
Reactive Ion Etching of Polyscrystalline Silicon Using Thinning Technology in Fluorine Based Mixtures
Authors: Nunes A. M. , Moshkalyov S. A. , Tatsch P. J. , Daltrini A. M. 
Published: November 2007

This work presents the results of the study of etching profile evolution using the thinning technology for Si-poly structures with SF6/CF4/CHF3 gas mixtures. Structures with a aspect ratio	(height/width) up to 5 and widths in the range of 0.1 - 0.3 μm	were produced. High anisotropy of etched Si-poly structures (anisotropy factor up to 0.92-0.98) was demostrated. The method	can be used for fabrication of sub-micron Si-poly gates in CMOS.
Study of the Silicon Etch Rate and Mechanisms When Using Aluminium, Tin and Copper Electrodes
Authors: Verdonck Patrick , Ruas Ronaldo 
Published: November 2007

Silicon plasma etching is an important technique in the fabrication of integrated circuits and micro-electronic-mechanical systems. The influence of three electrode materials, aluminium, tin and copper, on the silicon etch rate was studied in a capacitively coupled plasma system.	When applying SF6 plasmas, the etch rate was, in general, highest when using a tin electrode and lowest with a copper electrode. But with a CF4 plasma, the etch rate was highest for the aluminium electrode and lowest for the tin electrode. Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy indicated that for both plasmas, a very thin and stable aluminium fluoride film was formed on the aluminium electrode; for SF6 plasmas, S was adsorbed or absorbed by the tin electrode, liberating more free fluorine, while copper consumed fluorine and for CF4 plasmas, both copper and tin electrodes consumed fluorine. These mechanisms could explain the differences in the silicon etch rates for the three electrode materials.
Global Model in Low-Pressure Oxygen Discharges
Authors: Roberson Geraldo , Roberto Marisa , Verboncoeu John , Minnich Austin 
Published: November 2007

We use a global model (volume averaged) to study plasma discharges in molecular oxygen gas in the pressure range of 1- 78 mTorr. This model determines positive ions O2+, O+, negative	ion O-, and electron densities, ground state O2 and O atoms and metastable O2(a1Δg) and O(1D) densities, and electron temperature as function of gas pressure and input power, for a cylindrical discharge. We apply the model to O2 discharges and the results are compared to experimental data and a more elaborated volume-averaged global model developed at the University of California at Berkeley.
Complex inheritance pattern of dyskeratosis congenita in two families with 2 different mutations in the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene
Authors: Du Hong-Yan , Pumbo Elena , Manley Peter , Field Joshua J. , Bayliss Susan J. , Wilson David B. , Mason Philip J. , Bessler Monica 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in the telomerase components TERT, the reverse transcriptase, and TERC, the RNA template, cause autosomal dominant dyskeratosis congenita due to telomere shortening. Anticipation, whereby the disease severity increases in succeeding generations due to inheritance of shorter telomeres, is a feature of this condition. Here we describe 2 families in which 2 TERT mutations are segregating. Both families contain compound heterozygotes. In one case the proband is homozygous for a novel mutation causing a P704S substitution, while his father's second allele encodes an H412Y mutation. The proband in the second family has mutant alleles Y846C and H876Q. Transfection studies show codominant expression of the mutated alleles with no evidence of a dominant negative effect or of intragenic complementation. Thus in these families the expression of both TERT alleles and the inherited telomere length contribute to the clinical phenotype.
Ocular pathology of uncommon hematologic malignancies: a case series
Authors: Head James E , Shen Defen , Santiago-Maysonet Maribel , Bishop Rachel J , Chan Chi-Chao 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Introduction
In general, ocular complications of hematologic malignancies such as leukemia are well documented. However, reports of ocular involvement in such diseases as lymphomatoid granulomatosis and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia are uncommon. Here we present cases of these two relatively rare hematologic malignancies demonstrating clinical and subclinical ocular involvement.

Case Presentation
In the first case, a 54-year-old man with a previous diagnosis of lymphomatoid granulomatosis presented with a new-onset conjunctival lesion while his systemic disease was thought to be in remission. A biopsy was taken that revealed heavy infiltrates of B and T cells at the site of the lesion. Molecular analysis confirmed that these cells were positive for both Epstein-Barr viral DNA and immunoglobulin heavy chain gene rearrangement, consistent with a manifestation of his systemic disease. In the second case, a 51-year-old man with chronic myelomonocytic leukemia died after a waxing and waning clinical course. Post-mortem studies revealed the presence of atypical monocytes in the choroidal and subretinal spaces, consistent with his previous diagnosis.

Conclusion
While ocular involvement in hematologic malignancies is not uncommon, these two cases describe involvement of the eye by two relatively rare neoplasms. We herein emphasize novel findings in each case, including conjunctival involvement as the first sign of recurrent lymphomatoid granulomatosis and the combination of subretinal and choroidal myelomonocytic leukemic infiltration. With the evolution of new antineoplastic therapies that may prolong life, these cases exemplify the importance of eye care in patients diagnosed with hematologic malignancies.
Integrative analysis for finding genes and networks involved in diabetes and other complex diseases
Authors: Bergholdt Regine , Størling Zenia M , Lage Kasper , Karlberg E Olof , Ólason Páll Í , Aalund Mogens , Nerup Jørn , Brunak Søren , Workman Christopher T , Pociot Flemming 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe have developed an integrative analysis method combining genetic interactions, identified using type 1 diabetes genome scan data, and a high-confidence human protein interaction network. Resulting networks were ranked by the significance of the enrichment of proteins from interacting regions. We identified a number of new protein network modules and novel candidate genes/proteins for type 1 diabetes. We propose this type of integrative analysis as a general method for the elucidation of genes and networks involved in diabetes and other complex diseases.
The Bible and the Caesurae of Time
Authors: Mosès Stéphane 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
I The Sabbath
The Sabbath, the sabbatical year, and the jubilee are all fundamental Biblical commandments which have in common the fact that they structure time according to the same original rhythm of six units of work followed by a unit of rest. In fact, here it is a question of one and the same principle applied successively to three temporal cycles: the succession of days, the succession of years, and the succession of epochs. The Sabbath, the basic temporal unit, confers its particular cadence to the passing of days, which would otherwise be amorphous and which, if left to themselves, would all resemble each other. The sabbatical year (shmita) interrupts the course of years and institutes a festive exception in which the earth and its inhabitants are delivered from the habitual servitude which governs their relations. The jubilee (yovel) comes at the end of a historical period (fifty years represent on average the time of a generation and a half, the time it takes for an individual to be born, to grow, to procreate, and to see his children attain adulthood) and inaugurates a new historical period. However, in contrast to the Sabbath and the shmita, which occur at the beginning of the seventh moment of the cycle (the Sabbath begins on the evening of the sixth day, while the shmita begins on the first day of the first month of the seventh year), the jubilee begins at the start of the fiftieth year and not of the forty-ninth. From the point of view of the succession of historical epochs then, the jubilee marks not the end of a cycle but already the beginning of the following one. While the Sabbath and the shmita come in a way to fulfil and to crown the unity of time, the jubilee inaugurates a new phase, which is unknown with respect to the one that precedes it.