bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Communitarian Constitution
Authors: Cullen Daniel 
Published: October 2005

The Communitarian Constitution. By Beau Breslin. Baltimore:
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 288p. $48.00.Beau Breslin desires to make a breakthrough in the
“communitarian-liberal debate” by moving it to the plane of
constitutional discourse (pp. 18–19, 109). He describes his study as
a work of constitutional theory, but of a generic sort; his
constitutionalist standard owes more to John Rawls than to James Madison.
“Constitutionalism” refers varyingly to an architectonic
vision of political perfection (or “modeling”) and to the
limits on political power. The communitarian constitution is caught in a
dilemma that arises from these conflicting imperatives.
The Nature of Political Theory
Authors: Thiele Leslie Paul 
Published: October 2005

The Nature of Political Theory. By Andrew Vincent. Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2004. 354p. $65.00.Survey texts exercise considerable violence upon the thinkers and
works they assess. Andrew Vincent is no pacifist. Yet his book succeeds
admirably in gaining breadth without unduly sacrificing depth and
subtlety. Vincent's encyclopedic knowledge (with more than 500 titles
in the bibliography) is coupled with a sharp critical eye and refreshingly
blunt appraisals. The result is a thoughtful and wide-ranging
interpretation of twentieth-century Western political thought.
Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National Identity
Authors: Segura Gary M. 
Published: October 2005

Who Are We? The Challenges to America's National
Identity. By Samuel P. Huntington. New York: Simon and Schuster,
2004. 448p. $27.00.Samuel Huntington suggests in this book that American national
identity is threatened by a tidal wave of Latino—primarily
Mexican—immigrants who are refusing to assimilate to American
“Anglo-Protestant” values, and who are facilitated in this
resistance by the erosion of elite support for those very same values.
That erosion is a consequence of the “cults of multiculturalism and
diversity” (p. 144) that have collectively “denounced the idea
of Americanization,” “downgraded the centrality of
English,” and “advocated legal recognition of group rights and
racial preferences” (p. 142), strong charges indeed.
Oral Arguments and Decision Making on the United States Supreme
Court
Authors: Langran Robert W. 
Published: October 2005

Oral Arguments and Decision Making on the United States Supreme
Court. By Timothy R. Johnson. Albany: State University of New York
Press, 2004. 180p. $35.00.This book makes a persuasive thesis that the oral arguments presented
in cases before the United States Supreme Court are used by the justices
to help them arrive at substantive legal and policy decisions that closely
parallel their preferred outcomes. Although that would seem to be logical,
the author documents that many scholars who write about the Court do not
share this thesis. Those scholars, such as the so-called attitudinalists,
posit that oral arguments have no effect on justices' votes. In order
to reinforce his thesis, Timothy Johnson uses the strategic model of
decision making, namely, that justices are goal oriented, they are
strategic, and they account for institutional rules. He then goes on to
explain that because the briefs presented to the Court from both the
litigants and from amici curiae are understandably biased in behalf of
their particular points of view, the oral arguments serve to solve this
problem.
The Invention of the United States Senate
Authors: Harris Fred R. 
Published: October 2005

The Invention of the United States Senate. By Daniel Wirls
and Stephen Wirls. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2004. 288p.
$49.95 cloth. $18.95 paper.In a meeting in Moscow some years ago, the former Soviet Union's
principal Americanologist, Georgi Arbatov, complained to me quite
seriously, “We study your system, and we still do not know how it
works.” Probably one reason for Arbatov's expressed puzzlement
had to do with the role played in the American governmental system by the
United States Senate, of which, at the time of our conversation, I was a
member.
Helping Children Left Behind: State Aid and the Pursuit of
Educational Equality
Authors: Wirt Frederick M. 
Published: October 2005

Helping Children Left Behind: State Aid and the Pursuit of
Educational Equality. Edited by John Yinger. Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 2004. 145p. $40.00.The role of state courts in defining educational finances is the focus
of this book that results from a 2001 conference in the Maxwell School of
Citizenship at Syracuse University. The author explores the role of state
appellate courts since the seminal case of Serrano v. Priest
(1971) challenging the constitutionality of local property taxation to
fund local schools. About one-half of subsequent state courts followed
suit, but the other half did not.
Becoming Europe: Immigration, Integration, and the Welfare
State
Authors: Wiener Antje 
Published: October 2005

Becoming Europe: Immigration, Integration, and the Welfare
State. By Patrick Ireland. Pittsburgh: Pittsburgh University Press,
2004. 288p. $27.95.Patrick Ireland begins this detailed and clearly presented discussion
about belonging in relation to patterns of European Union migration by
raising a critical issue with the concept of ethnicity, defined as a
“collective group consciousness that imparts a sense of belonging
derived from membership in a community bound putatively by common descent
and culture” (pp. 2–3). Ireland's study finds that
belonging is context specific, rather than derived from common descent.
This finding implies that there is by definition no readily available
general policy applicable to one type of immigrants, say, Turks or
Moroccans across all EU member states. Instead, each country's
possibilities for integration differ. To Ireland, ethnicity “is not
so much a category as a dynamic, elastic entity. Its value as a social,
economic, and political resource varies; the appraisal depends
considerably on institutions and policies.” (pp. 4–5).
Deterrence
Authors: Desch Michael C. 
Published: October 2005

Deterrence. By Lawrence Freedman. Cambridge, MA: Polity
Press, 2004. 160p. $59.95 cloth, $24.95 paper.The concept of deterrence—the effort to make an adversary's
costs and risks of going to war greater than the political incentives
pushing in that direction—was the centerpiece of academic national
security studies and the core policy concern of Western governments
throughout much of the Cold War. Today, in the post-9/11 world,
deterrence has taken a back seat to a different set of strategic concepts:
preemption and prevention. Both involve destroying an enemy's
capabilities before he can harm you, the former when the threat is
imminent, the latter when it is potential (pp. 85–89). In his timely
and useful book, Lawrence Freedman offers a compelling account of the
decline of deterrence and creatively seeks to revitalize it as a subject
of scholarly inquiry and as a viable policy in the post-9/11
world.
The Limits of International Law and The Politics of
International Law
Authors: Sriram Chandra Lekha 
Published: October 2005

The Limits of International Law. By Jack L. Goldsmith and
Eric A. Posner. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004. 272p. $29.95.The Politics of International Law. Edited by Christian
Reus-Smit. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2004. 344p. $75.00 cloth,
$29.99 paper.Is international law really law? If it is law, is it effective in
constraining state behavior against interest? These two questions have
vexed international lawyers and those international relations scholars
interested in international law who until the last 15 years or so were
relatively few in number. There has been a proliferation of scholarship on
these questions, and on bridging the gap between international relations
and international law (IL). (To note only one recent survey piece, see
Anne-Marie Slaughter, Andrew Tulumello, and Stephan Wood,
“International Law and International Relations Theory: A New
Generation of Interdisciplinary scholarship,” American Journal
of International Law 92 [July 1998]: 367–397).
Resisting Rebellion: The History and Politics of
Counterinsurgency
Authors: Stubbs Richard 
Published: October 2005

Resisting Rebellion: The History and Politics of
Counterinsurgency. By Anthony James Joes. Lexington: The University
Press of Kentucky, 2004. 360p. $35.00.At the end of this book, Anthony James Joes has written a two-page
epilogue entitled “Conflict in Iraq,” which notes the enormous
task that the U.S. government has set itself in the long-term construction
of a democratic order in the face of violent opposition and internal
social conflict. And while the bulk of the book was obviously written
prior to the war in Iraq, it can be read as a constructive critique of
U.S. counterinsurgency policy in the months following the invasion. Joes
draws on a wide range of cases from over two centuries of guerrilla
warfare to illustrate what he sees as the key reasons for the success or
failure of numerous counterinsurgency campaigns. His thoughtful and
informative analysis provides a useful basis for a comparative perspective
that has been largely absent from many of the assessments of the guerrilla
war in Iraq and America's counterinsurgency policies.
Ethnic Politics in Europe: The Power of Norms and Incentives
Authors: Safran William 
Published: October 2005

Ethnic Politics in Europe: The Power of Norms and Incentives.
By Judith G. Kelley. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2004. 264p.
$35.00.The subject of this study by Judith Kelley is the international factor
in ethnic minority politics—the role of external institutions and
norms in the democratic development of several countries and the policies
regarding their ethnic minorities. These institutions, more specifically
the European Union, the Council of Europe (CE), and the European Security
Conference, have secured commitments and undertakings from national
governments regarding human rights in general and the protection of
minority groups in particular. This is especially true of the CE, which
has admitted a number of states on the basis of promises only.
Economic Governance in the Age of Globalization
Authors: Wade Robert Hunter 
Published: October 2005

Economic Governance in the Age of Globalization. By William
Tabb. New York: Columbia University Press, 2004. 528p. $69.50 cloth,
$29.50 paper.Martin Wolf, the influential economic correspondent of Financial
Times, concludes his book Why Globalization Works (2004):
“What the successful countries all share is a move towards the
market economy, one in which private property rights, free enterprise and
competition increasingly took the place of state ownership, planning and
protection. They chose, however haltingly, the path of economic
liberalization and international integration. This is the heart of the
matter. All else is commentary” (pp. 143–44).
Crude Awakenings: Global Oil Security and American Foreign
Policy
Authors: Noreng Øystein 
Published: October 2005

Crude Awakenings: Global Oil Security and American Foreign
Policy. By Stephen A. Yetiv. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,
2004. 256p. $35.00.Steve Yetiv's central argument is that oil stability has improved
in recent years in the sense that the market is resilient, enjoying a
self-reinforcing equilibrium by its ability to deter, mitigate, and
contain threats to supplies. The author explicitly distinguishes oil
supply stability from oil price stability, as oil prices have become more
volatile while supply volumes have stabilized. Implicitly, he argues that
price flexibility stabilizes supplies and that the world oil market has
become more competitive and less rigid, so that relations between oil
exporters and importers have become more pragmatic and less politicized.
Attention is on the physical availability of oil: Disruptions are
unlikely, not on oil prices or their impact on incomes, inflation rates,
and trade balances, but historically, oil has always been available in the
world market, at a price. The book would have benefited from a more
systematic elaboration of the key argument, early on. He examines the oil
market from the perspective of international relations, emphasising the
projection of U.S. military power in the Middle East.
Simultaneous Saccharification and Co‐Fermentation of Crystalline Cellulose and Sugar Cane Bagasse Hemicellulose Hydrolysate to Lactate by a Thermotolerant Acidophilic Bacillus sp.
Authors: Patel Milind A. , Ou Mark S. , Ingram Lonnie O. , Shanmugam K. T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPolylactides produced from renewable feedstocks, such as corn starch, are being developed as alternatives to plastics derived from petroleum. In addition to corn, other less expensive biomass resources can be readily converted to component sugars (glucose, xylose, etc.) by enzyme and/or chemical treatment for fermentation to optically pure lactic acid to reduce the cost of lactic acid. Lactic acid bacteria used by the industry lack the ability to ferment pentoses (hemicellulose‐derived xylose and arabinose), and their growth and fermentation optima also differ from the optimal conditions for the activity of fungal cellulases required for depolymerization of cellulose. To reduce the overall cost of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of cellulose, we have isolated bacterial biocatalysts that can grow and ferment all sugars in the biomass at conditions that are also optimal for fungal cellulases. SSF of Solka Floc cellulose by one such isolate, Bacillus sp. strain 36D1, yielded l(+)‐lactic acid at an optical purity higher than 95% with cellulase (Spezyme CE; Genencor International) added at about 10 FPU/g cellulose, with a product yield of about 90% of the expected maximum. Volumetric productivity of SSF to lactic acid was optimal between culture pH values of 4.5 and 5.5 at 50 °C. At a constant pH of 5.0, volumetric productivity of lactic acid was maximal at 55 °C. Strain 36D1 also co‐fermented cellulose‐derived glucose and sugar cane bagasse hemicellulose‐derived xylose simultaneously (SSCF). In a batch SSCF of 40% acid‐treated hemicellulose hydrolysate (over‐limed) and 20 g/L Solka Floc cellulose, strain 36D1 produced about 35 g/L lactic acid in about 144 h with 15 FPU of Spezyme CE/g cellulose. The maximum volumetric productivity of lactic acid in this SSCF was 6.7 mmol/L (h). Cellulose‐derived lactic acid contributed to about 30% of this total lactic acid. These results show that Bacillus sp. strain 36D1 is well‐suited for simultaneous saccharification and co‐fermentation of all of the biomass‐derived sugars to lactic acid.
Integration of Ozonation and an Anaerobic Sequencing Batch Reactor (AnSBR) for the Treatment of Cherry Stillage
Authors: Álvarez Pedro M. , Beltrán Fernando J. , Rodríguez Eva M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCherry stillage is a high strength organic wastewater arising from the manufacture of alcoholic products by distillation of fermented cherries. It is made up of biorefractory polyphenols in addition to readily biodegradable organic matter. An anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (AnSBR) was used to treat cherry stillage at influent COD ranging from 5 to 50 g/L. Different cycle times were selected to test biomass organic loading rates (OLRB), from 0.3 to 1.2 g COD/g VSS·d. COD and TOC efficiency removals higher than 80% were achieved at influent COD up to 28.5 g/L but minimum OLRB tested. However, as a result of the temporary inhibition of acetogens and methanogens, volatile fatty acids (VFA) noticeably accumulated and methane production came to a transient standstill when operating at influent COD higher than 10 g/L. At these conditions, the AnSBR showed signs of instability and could not operate efficiently at OLRB higher than 0.3 g COD/g VSS·d. A feasible explanation for this inhibition is the presence of toxic polyphenols in cherry stillage. Thus, an ozonation step prior to the AnSBR was observed to be useful, since more than 75% of polyphenols could be removed by ozone. The integrated process was shown to be a suitable treatment technology as the following advantages compared to the single AnSBR treatment were observed: greater polyphenols and color removals, higher COD and TOC removal rates thus enabling the process to effectively operate at higher OLR, higher degree of biomethanation, and good stability with less risk of acidification.
Stochastic Modeling ofS. cerevisiaeInactivation by Supercritical CO2
Authors: Spilimbergo S. , Mantoan D. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPasteurization ofS. cerevisiaein a simple substrate with supercritical CO2was performed at 36 °C on a laboratory multibatch apparatus of a total volume of 150 mL. The pressure values ranged from 100 to 300 bar. The results show a clear dependence between inactivation ratio and increase of pressure. A mathematical modeling of the process was exploited to fit the experimental evidences: inactivation curves were analyzed using a stochastic model based on the multihit model (1). The nonlinear survival curve shows a shoulder and a tail which represent the lag and the resistant phase, respectively. The meaning of the nonlinear relationship between inactivation ratio and time is also discussed; the effect of pressure on the values assumed by the parameters of the model proposed was investigated.
Cell‐Free Production of Aggregation‐Prone Proteins in Soluble and Active Forms
Authors: Kang Sang‐Hyeon , Kim Dong‐Myung , Kim Hyo‐Jin , Jun Soo‐Youn , Lee Ki‐Young , Kim Hye‐Jin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe have developed an efficient cell‐free protein synthesis system for the production of soluble and active eukaryotic proteins that are predominantly produced as inclusion bodies in bacteria. S30 extracts (indicating the supernatant of cell homogenate when centrifuged at 30,000g) for cell‐free protein synthesis were prepared from Escherichia coli that was modified to overexpress a set of chaperones (GroEL/ES or DnaK/J‐GrpE) and disulfide isomerase (leader sequence‐free mature DsbC expressed in the cytoplasm). The solubility and biological activity concentration (biological activity per unit volume of cell‐free protein synthesis reaction mixture) of the protein synthesized by the new cell‐free protein synthesis system showed a dramatic improvement. Solubility enhancement was most dramatic with the existence of DnaK/J‐GrpE. It shows that the co‐translational interaction with DnaK/J‐GrpE prior to folding trial is important in maintenance of the aggregation‐prone protein in a folding‐competent soluble state. For maximizing the biological activity concentration of the expressed protein, the additional presence of GroEL/ES and DsbC was required. When human erythropoietin was expressed in the developed cell‐free protein synthesis system including endogenously overexpressed chaperones and/or DsbC, the biological activity concentration of erythropoietin was enhanced by 700%. It implies that the post‐translational folding and disulfide bond reshuffling as well as co‐translational folding are important in acquiring functionally active protein from cell‐free expression system. This is the first report of using S30 extracts including endogenously overexpressed chaperones and/or disulfide isomerase for the efficient production of soluble and active proteins in cell‐free protein synthesis. This new cell‐free protein synthesis system was capable of introducing much larger amounts of chaperones and disulfide isomerase compared to a conventional method that supplements them separately. The developed cell‐free protein synthesis system supported efficient expression of the eukaryotic proteins in soluble and active forms without the need of any exogenous addition or coexpression of folding effectors.
Design and Testing for a Nontagged F1‐V Fusion Protein as Vaccine Antigen against Bubonic and Pneumonic Plague
Authors: Powell Bradford S. , Andrews Gerard P. , Enama Jeffrey T. , Jendrek Scott , Bolt Chris , Worsham Patricia , Pullen Jeffrey K. , Ribot Wilson , Hines Harry , Smith Leonard , Heath David G. , Adamovicz Jeffrey J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA two‐component recombinant fusion protein antigen was re‐engineered and tested as a medical counter measure against the possible biological threat of aerosolized Yersinia pestis. The active component of the proposed subunit vaccine combines the F1 capsular protein and V virulence antigen of Y. pestis and improves upon the design of an earlier histidine‐tagged fusion protein. In the current study, different production strains were screened for suitable expression and a purification process was optimized to isolate an F1‐V fusion protein absent extraneous coding sequences. Soluble F1‐V protein was isolated to 99% purity by sequential liquid chromatography including capture and refolding of urea‐denatured protein via anion exchange, followed by hydrophobic interaction, concentration, and then transfer into buffered saline for direct use after frozen storage. Protein identity and primary structure were verified by mass spectrometry and Edman sequencing, confirming a purified product of 477 amino acids and removal of the N‐terminal methionine. Purity, quality, and higher‐order structure were compared between lots using RP‐HPLC, intrinsic fluorescence, CD spectroscopy, and multi‐angle light scattering spectroscopy, all of which indicated a consistent and properly folded product. As formulated with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant and administered in a single subcutaneous dose, this new F1‐V protein also protected mice from wild‐type and non‐encapsulated Y. pestis challenge strains, modeling prophylaxis against pneumonic and bubonic plague. These findings confirm that the fusion protein architecture provides superior protection over the former licensed product, establish a foundation from which to create a robust production process, and set forth assays for the development of F1‐V as the active pharmaceutical ingredient of the next plague vaccine.
Aqueous Extraction of Recombinant Human Proinsulin from Transgenic Maize Endosperm
Authors: Farinas Cristiane S. , Leite Adilson , Miranda Everson A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDifferent plant species have been used as systems to produce recombinant proteins. Maize is a crop considered to have a large potential to produce high levels of recombinant proteins and is the host for the recombinant proteins from plants currently available on the market. In the development of a plant system to produce a recombinant proteins it is important to consider the costs related to downstream processing. Also, the steps necessary to achieve the protein purity required will be highly influenced by the quality of the extract obtained. In this study, we analyzed aqueous extracts from the endosperm of transgenic maize expressing recombinant human proinsulin (rhProinsulin). A study of the effects of the variables pH and ionic strength on the extraction efficiency was carried out using experimental design and response surface methodology. Besides the concentration of the recombinant protein, the characteristics of the extracts were evaluated in terms of concentration of native components (proteins, carbohydrates, and phenolic compounds) and extract filterability. The highest rhProinsulin concentration (97.33 ng/mL) was found with a 200 mM NaCl pH 10.0 extraction solution. Under this experimental condition the concentrations of total soluble proteins, carbohydrates, and phenolics were 2.01 mg/mL, 2.21 mg/mL, and 0.11 mmol/L, respectively.