bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Attempts to detect virus‐specific DNA in human tumors. I. Nucleic acid hybridizations with complementary RNA of human wart virus
Authors: Hausen Harald Zur , Meinhof Wolf , Scheiber Wiltrud , Bornkamm Georg W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman wart virus was isolated from plantar warts. After extraction of its DNA, component I was transcribed into radioactive complementary RNA (cRNA) with the aid of Escherichia coli RNA polymerase. The resulting cRNA annealed specifically to wart viral DNA and was used as a probe for the detection of wart viral DNA in human warts, condylomata acuminata, laryngeal papillomas and some malignant human tumors. High concentrations of hybridizing DNA were found in plantar warts. Verrucae vulgares annealed to a considerably lower extent only, indicating that very few genome equivalents were present in those papilloma cells. Some verrucae vulgares were found to be completely negative in this test. Condylomata acuminata, as well as laryngeal papillomas and all malignant tumors tested, did not hybridize with wart viral cRNA.
Genetic control of susceptibility to 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced subcutaneous sarcomas
Authors: Kouri Richard E. , Ratrie Harry , Whitmire Carrie E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing a genetic system in which aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH) inducibility segregates, it was observed that inducible mice are approximately 12 times more sensitive to 3‐methylcholanthrene‐induced tumorigenesis than their non‐inducible littermates. The type of parental cross (maternal influence) plays no role in this sensitivity. Hostregulated expression of the group‐specific (gs) antigen of type‐C RNA viruses, although also segregating in this genetic system, does not seem to play a major role in this enhanced susceptibility to 3‐methylcholanthrene carcinogenesis. Results are discussed with the view that the enhanced sensitivity of the AHH‐inducible animals probably results from rapid and efficient metabolism of the chemical to its ultimate carcinogenic form.
Radiation‐killed BCG in the treatment of transplanted rat tumours
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Cook A. J. , Hopper D. G. , Pimm M. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth of syngeneic transplants of methylcholanthrene‐induced sarcomas and an aminoazo‐dye‐induced hepatoma in rats was suppressed when tumour cells were injected in admixture with BCG vaccine containing living organisms, or vaccine sterilized by exposure to 1 to 3 × 106 R γ‐irradiation. Rejection of mixed inocula containing viable or radiation‐killed BCG induced immunity to further challenge with tumour cells. Also pulmonary tumour growth produced by intravenous injection of sarcoma cells was controlled by intravenous injection of living or radiation‐killed BCG. These studies indicate that radiation‐sterilized preparations may replace viable vaccine in immuno‐therapy, at least where tumour suppression results from contact with BCG. The use of sterilized vaccine in comparable clinical situations would remove any danger of the generalized BCG infection which has recently been reported in patients receiving BCG immunotherapy.
Relationship between Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA and the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) in Burkitt lymphoma biopsies and other lymphoproliferative malignancies
Authors: Lindahl Tomas , Klein George , Reedman Beverley M. , Johansson Bo , Singh Surjit 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwenty‐six of 27 African Burkitt lymphomas with histologically confirmed diagnosis contained relatively large amounts of EBV DNA (10–101 viral genomes per cell), as determined by nucleic acid hybridization. Twenty‐five of the 26 EBV DNA‐positive lymphomas contained the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen, EBNA, in the majority of the nuclei. Technical reasons may have accounted for the apparent EBNA‐negativity of one EBV DNA‐positive biopsy. Four African lymphoma biopsies, one with a definite diagnosis of Burkitt's lymphoma and three with a questionable diagnosis of the same disease, were all EBV DNA‐ and EBNA‐negative. The same was true for a collection of Swedish cases of Hodgkin's disease, lymphocytic lymphoma, chronic lymphatic leukemia and some other lymphoproliferative malignancies. Thus, there is excellent agreement between the presence of EBV DNA and of EBNA in tumor biopsies. The EBNA antigen test therefore appears a relatively simple way of testing for the presence of the virus genome, provided it is carried out with appropriate controls. Several of the EBV‐genome and EBNA‐negative cases came from patients with high serum titers of EBV antibodies. It is concluded that the virus does not really travel along with malignant lymphomas as a passenger in the seropositive patients. In comparison with other lymphomas, African Burkitt's lymphoma of the high endemic areas is unique in that the tumors (with rare exceptions) represent the proliferation of an EBV‐genome carrying clone. These findings stress the necessity to distinguish between EBV‐seropositive status and evidence for EBV‐genome‐carrying neoplastic cells.
Detection of Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV)‐associated nuclear antigen in human lymphoblastoid cell lines by means of an 125I‐IgG‐binding assay
Authors: Brown T. D. K. , Ernberg I. , Lamon E. W. , Klein G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe elution at low pH of human EBV‐positive 125I‐IgG bound to preparations of EBV‐carrying non‐producer lymphoblastoid cell lines has been investigated. Specific binding was demonstrated. A number of approaches were used to confirm the specificity. The stoichiometry of binding and elution was studied. The sub‐cellular location of the EBV‐associated antigen (s) detected by this method was shown to be predominantly nuclear. This confirms other studies demonstrating the presence of a nuclear antigen in non‐producer lymphoblastoid cell lines carrying the EBV genome.
Establishment and characteristics of two unique cell lines from patients with lymphosarcoma
Authors: Nilsson Kenneth , Sundström Christer 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo human cell lines, U‐698 M and U‐715 M, with unique characteristics were derived from two patients with lymphosarcoma. The presented morphological and functional characteristics closely resemble those of lymphosarcoma cells in short‐term culture and also distinguish both lines from Epstein‐Barr virus‐carrying lymphoblastoid lines obtainable from normal and malignant lymphoid tissue. It is therefore proposed that the lines originate from the donors' tumor‐cell population.
Circulating immune complexes in human neuroblastoma: Direct assay and role in blocking specific cellular immunity
Authors: Jose David G. , Seshadri R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEight children with neuroblastoma and five with Wilms' tumour, or osteogenic sarcoma, had serum taken at diagnosis (progressor sera) and again several weeks after the start of treatment (remission sera). Progressor sera, which specifically blocked in vitro, lymphocytotoxic immunity for autochthonous tumour cells, contained immune complexes of tumour‐specific antigen and antibody. Blocking progressor sera from five patients contained both complexes and free antigen, while maximum blocking activity was found in three progressor sera which contained complexes but neither free antigen nor free antibody. Remission sera contained neuroblastoma‐specific antibody which specifically bound antigenic protein spontaneously released from autochthonous tumour‐cell membranes in vitro, and also bound soluble antigen in progressor serum. Neuroblastoma‐specific immune complexes, formed by titration of autochthonous remission serum and membrane‐turnover antigen, produced maximum blocking of autochthonous lymphocytotoxic immunity at antigen‐antibody equivalence. Complexes formed in antigen excess showed moderate blocking activity while complexes formed in antibody excess showed minimal blocking activity. The ability of a malignant tumour to generate local or systemic excess of membrane‐derived antigen may assist successful escape from specific cellular immune destruction.
Analysis of papers in major cancer research journals
Authors: Honda Shinako 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe following analysis was performed to investigate which, at the moment, are the main centers of cancer research from the international point of view. The criterion was the number of contributions to research papers in five leading cancer journals which are considered to have a high standard. The research reports in these five journals originated from many countries and can be regarded as being international. According to the results, USA is the leading country contributing with 70% of all the papers published in the five journals. However, it has to be noted that three of the five investigated journals are published in the USA. The countries which followed were England, Canada, France, Japan and Sweden, which together contributed 16% of the papers. The remaining 14% of the papers originated from 58 other countries.
Tumors formed by human rhabdomyosarcoma cells in chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated hens' eggs
Authors: McAllister R. M. , Peer M. , Gilden R. V. , Klement V. , Landing B. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCultured human rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cells were seeded on the chorioallantoic membrane of embryonated hens' eggs at the 10th to 12th day of incubation. When the membranes were harvested after 18 to 19 days' incubation, tumors had formed in eggs seeded with 5 × 105 to 10 × 106 RD cells. The microscopic appearance of the tumors was similar to that of the rhabdomyosarcoma of the patient from whom the cell line was derived. In contrast to cell lines derived from RD cell tumors which formed in a cat or an NIH‐Swiss mouse and released the endogenous viruses of the cat and mouse, respectively, none of 36 cell lines derived from 13 tumors formed on the chorioallantoic membrane of hens' eggs released a type‐C virus and none contained the avian virus group‐specific antigen.
Sensitization to tumour‐associated antigens in human breast carcinoma
Authors: Cochran A. J. , Grant R. M. , Spilg W. G. , Mackie R. M. , Ross C. E. , Hoyle D. E. , Russell J. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have used the leukocyte migration technique to examine the leukocytes of 138 breast cancer patients and 157 control donors for sensitization to breast carcinoma associated antigens. A majority of breast cancer patients (54%) showed sensitization while only 15% of the control donors reacted. Reactions were as frequent with autologous combinations of antigen and leukocytes as with homologous combinations, suggesting that transplantation antigens are relatively unimportant in the system and that breast cancers share structurally similar antigens. Reactions were less frequent with leukocytes from patients who had visceral metastases; however, patients with local recurrences were as frequently reactive as those with localized disease. Extracts of mastopathic breasts and fibroadenomas infrequently inhibited the leukocytes of cancer patients and of control donors. Macroscopically normal breast from the tissue around breast cancers may contain antigens similar to the tumour‐associated antigens.
Enhancing effect of green monkey kidney cell extract on the transformation of mouse cells by SV40
Authors: Hagiwara Akio , Kitahara Tsunehiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExtracts of green monkey kidney cells enhance the transformation of mouse cells by SV40. An enhancing activity is also detected in cell extracts from human embryonic lung, mouse embryo or hamster embryo cells. The activity of green monkey kidney cell extract is sensitive to trypsin, but not deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease or heating at 56° C for 30 min. Since the extract has no effect on early events such as virus adsorption, penetration, uncoating and T antigen formation, the enhancing factor(s) may act on the other processes required for transformation.
Control of normal differentiation of myeloid leukemic cells. V. Normal differentiation in aneuploid leukemic cells and the chromosome banding pattern of D+ and D− clones
Authors: Hayashi Makoto , Fibach Eitan , Sachs Leo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA line of mouse myeloid leukemic cells in culture contained two types of clones. One type can be induced by the differentiation‐inducing protein MGI to undergo normal differentiation to mature macrophages and granulocytes (D+ clones), whereas the other type could not be induced to differentiate (D− clones). D+ clones can segregate some D− progeny and D− clones can segregate some D+ progeny. The segregant clones were more unstable in their ability to differentiate, than the stable parental clones from which they were derived. The chromosome banding pattern has been analyzed in 10 stable and six unstable clones. The clones had a modal chromosome number of 39, 40 or 41, and none of the clones, not even those with 40 chromosomes, showed a normal diploid banding pattern. Stable D+ and D− clones had different karyotypes. However, the banding patterns of the unstable D+ and D− segregants were not detectably different from the parental clones from which they were derived. The results indicate that normal differentiation can occur in aneuploid myeloid leukemic cells; that the initial segregation from D+ to D− and from D− to D+ was due to a hereditary change which did not show chromosome changes detectable by the banding technique; and that detectable chromosome changes were associated with hereditary stabilization of the difference between D+ and D−.
Segregation of the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA) in somatic cell hybrids derived from the fusion of a mouse fibroblast and a human burkitt lymphoma line
Authors: Klein George , Wiener Francis , Zech Lore , Hausen Harald Zur , Reedman Beverley 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFour independently derived hybrids between the mouse fibroblast line A9 and the human, Burkitt‐lymphoma‐derived lymphoblastoid cell line Daudi were studied for the presence of the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) genome, the EBV‐determined nuclear antigen (EBNA), other EBV‐associated antigens, human surface immunoglobulin and the presence of human chromosomes. The four lines differed in the number of their EBV genomes. There was a parallelism between this number, as detected by c/RNA/DNA hybridization, and the frequency of EBNA‐positive nuclei. None of the other EBV‐antigens, EA, VCA or MA, was expressed at any time, either in the untreated hybrid cells or after IUDR‐treatment. The hybrids did not carry detectable surface‐associated immunoglobulin or EBV‐receptors. The presence of the EBV genome was coincident with the maintenance of human chromosomes, but the hybrids that have lost detectable viral genomes and EBNA still contained a considerable number of human chromosomes, suggesting that the viral genome may be associated with a few chromosomes only.
Dual susceptibility of a 3T3 mouse cell line to infection by N‐ and B‐tropic murine leukemia virus: Apparent lack of expression of the FV‐1 gene
Authors: Gisselbrecht S. , Bassin R. H. , Gerwin B. I. , Rein A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA murine sarcoma virus‐transformed S+L—3T3FL cell line has previously been shown to be equally susceptible to infection with both N‐ and B‐tropic variants of murine leukemia virus, unlike all other mouse cells so far described (Krontiris et al., 1973). Transformed S+L—‐BALB/3T3 and S+L‐ NIH/3T3 cell lines were isolated and were found to retain the same resistance to N‐ or B‐tropic viruses as that exhibited by their non‐transformed parent lines. This, coupled with the fact that normal, uninfected 3T3FL cells also show a dual susceptibility, indicates that the presence of the S+L—MSV genome is not responsible for the enhanced permissiveness. Clones of 3T3FL cells are themselves dually susceptible, indicating that this cell line is not simply a mixture of B‐ and N‐type cells. Apparently, the Fv‐1 gene, which is responsible for MuLV host‐range restriction in this system, is either missing or not expressed in 3T3FL cells. The enhanced susceptibility of normal and S+L—3T3FL cells makes these cell lines ideal for titrations of murine leukemia viruses and their MSV “pseudotypes”.
Transplantation immunity to individually unique antigens of chemically induced bladder tumors in mice
Authors: Wahl D. V. , Chapman W. H. , Hellström I. , Hellström K. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have previously shown that lymphocyte‐mediated immunity to common bladder tumor antigens can be demonstrated in vitro. In this study we used two carcinomas and two sarcomas of the urinary bladder of BALB/c mice to immunize syngeneic animals against tumor‐specific transplantation antigens (TSTA) in order to determine whether common and/or individually unique antigens could be detected by resistance of the mice to challenge with tumor cells. Strong transplantation resistance was induced against each individual tumor line by immunizing with the respective line. No evidence could be obtained for the presence of TSTA common to the two carcinomas or to the two sarcomas (or to all four tumors).
Cell‐surface antigens of murine sarcoma‐virus‐transformed non‐producer cells: Further evidence for lack of transplantation immunity
Authors: Greenberger Joel S. , Stephenson John R. , Aoki Tadao , Aaronson Stuart A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPrevious studies have indicated that cells transformed by murine sarcoma virus (MSV) in the absence of virus production lack detectable transplantation antigens. Recent findings that antibodies to a surface antigen associated with MSV‐transformed cells can be elicited by hyperimmunization, led to the present studies. Attempts were made to detect transplantation immunity to MSV‐transformed cells in animals producing this antibody. Mice, hyperimmunized with an MSV‐transformed non‐producer clone of BALB/3T3, failed to demonstrate a higher resistance than BALB/3T3 hyperimmunized mice to tumor induction by either the homologous non‐producer cell or MSV itself. Under these conditions, both MSV non‐producer cell hyperimmunized tumor‐bearing and non‐tumor‐bearing mice showed antibodies to the MSV‐associated cell surface antigen. Thus, even in mice possessing this antibody, there is no transplantation immunity to MSV non‐producer cells.
The growth and metastasis of an allografted lymphoma in normal, deprived and reconstituted mice
Authors: Weston B. J. , Carter R. L. , Easty G. C. , Connell D. I. , Davies A. J. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe growth of the EL4 lymphoma has been studied in thymus‐deprived, reconstituted and normal CBA/Lac mice. In normal mice the lymphoma grew slowly and progressively after intradermal injection, killing the host between 39 and 64 days later, depending upon the number of cells injected: no metastases were seen. In deprived mice the tumour grew more rapidly and killed all mice between 17 and 20 days: 50% had distant metastases. Reconstituted mice resembled normal mice. Intravenous injection of lymphoma cells was also followed by early death, within 16 days, of deprived mice: all had widespread tumour growth in the viscera. Normal and reconstituted mice survived considerably longer, some being free of tumour at over 200 days after injection; death was associated with localized tumour growth in soft tissues. Studies of the clearance of 125IUDR‐labelled tumour cells and an examination of early histological changes showed that this difference in the distribution of tumour growth was not due to differences in rate of clearance of cells from the blood or lungs. It appeared likely that the differences between thymus‐deprived and reconstituted mice were due to the survival of rather small numbers of tumour cells in a variety of tissues.
Cytogenetic studies in permissive and abortive infections by adenovirus type 12
Authors: McDouoall J. K. , Vause K. E. , Gallimore P. H. , Dunn A. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChromosome re‐arrangements have been found in human cells infected in vitro with adenovirus type 12. Dicentric and ring chromosomes and chromatid re‐arrangements were induced in cells infected during transition from GI to S phase. In non‐permissive hybrid cells the development of monoclonal stem lines, associated with the persistence of the viral genome, has been demonstrated. Persistence of the virus in these cells results in continued induction of the uncoiler region of human chromosome E17. The association of viral nucleic acid with host‐cell chromosomes has been confirmed by the in situ hybridization method.
Specific and non‐specific immunologic reactivity of regional lymph‐node lymphocytes in human malignancy
Authors: Ambus U. , Mavligit G. M. , Gutterman J. U. , McBride C. M. , Hersh E. M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe in vitro blastogenic responses of lymphocytes from peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and lymph‐node leukocytes (LNL) of cancer patients were examined simultaneously in paired studies. The lymph nodes were obtained at the time of surgical tumor extirpation from the area draining or adjacent to the tumor, but were determined to be tumor‐free. There was an inverse relationship between the responses of PBL and LNL to tumor cells (TC). In those subjects where the PBL responses to TC were positive (stimulation index >3), the responses of LNL were usually negative and significantly lower. In those subjects where the LNL responses to TC were positive, the PBL responses were usually negative and significantly lower. A positive response by LNL to TC correlated with a significantly higher mixed lymphocyte culture response among LNL than among PBL. There was no correlation of these responses to TC with the PBL or LNL responses to phytohemagglutinin. There was a trend for the PBL response to TC to be higher than that of the LNL in patients with gastrointestinal cancer and melanoma and lower than that of LNL in patients with breast and squamous cell carcinoma. Stage of disease and age also influenced these results.
Detection of cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the EL4 mouse leukemia system: Increased activity of immune spleen and peritoneal cells following preincubation and cell fractionation procedures
Authors: Vasudevan D. M. , Brunner K. Theodor , Cerottini Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cytotoxic activity of spleen and peritoneal cells from C57Bl/6 mice immunized with irradiated syngeneic EL4 leukemia cells was tested in vitro on 51Cr labelled target cells following various fractionation and purification procedures. At the peak of the response, immune spleen cells showed very low cytotoxic activities. Fractionation on a simple BSA density gradient yielded a low‐density (less than 1.08 g/cm3) spleen‐cell population with a five‐ to 10‐fold increased cytotoxic activity. A similar increase was observed after preincubation of immune spleen cells for 24 h at 37° C, confirming results of Ortiz de Landazuri and Herberman (1972). A successive application of preincubation followed by BSA gradient separation resulted in a cumulative 30‐ to 100‐fold increase in cytotoxicity. Removal of high‐density small lymphocytes before preincubation led to populations with considerably decreased activity, suggesting the formation of low‐density cytotoxic lymphocytes from high‐density precursors during preincubation. Immune peritoneal cells showed a three‐ to five‐fold increase in cytotoxicity after (1) removal of phagocytic cells, (2) 24 h preincubation followed by removal of adherent cells, and (3) removal of phagocytic cells followed by preincubation. This indicated that adherent cells were not involved in but appeared to inhibit the cytotoxic activity of immune peritoneal cells. Treatment of preincubated or gradient‐separated immune spleen and peritoneal cells with anti‐θ serum and complement and passage through Sephadex lg‐anti‐Ig columns demonstrated the T‐cell nature of the cytotoxic effector cells. In vitro studies also showed an enhanced protective effect of pretreated immune spleen cells when compared to the original population.