bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 9‐Oxo‐9,13b‐dihydro‐7H‐benzo[3,4]azepino[2,1‐a]isoindole‐6‐carboxylic Acid Derivatives from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Gowrisankar Saravanan , Lee Ka Young , Kim Jae Nyoung 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Kadsuphilactones A (I) and B (II), Two New Triterpene Dilactones from Kadsura philippinensis.
Authors: Shen Ya‐Ching , Lin Yu‐Chi , Chiang Michael Y. , Yeh Sheau Farn , Cheng Yuan‐Bin , Liao Chia‐Ching 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of Some Carbonucleoside Analogues.
Authors: Martins Alho Miriam A. , Errea Maria I. , Sguerra Vanesa L. , D'Accorso Norma B. , Talarico Laura B. , Garcia Cybele C. , Damonte Elsa B. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Xanthomicrol (I) Is the Main Cytotoxic Component of Dracocephalum kotschyii and a Potential Anticancer Agent.
Authors: Jahaniani Fereshteh , Ebrahimi Soltan Ahmed , Rahbar‐Roshandel Nahid , Mahmoudian Massoud 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Molecular Self‐Assembly with Modularization and Directionality: Vector‐Manipulation at Metal Centers
Authors: Yu Shu‐Yan , Li Sheng‐Hui , Huang Hai‐Ping , Zhang Zhong‐Xing , Jiao Qing , Shen Hong , Hu Xi‐Xue , Huang Hui 
Published: November 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Measurements of the Heat Capacity of an Azeotropic Mixture of Water and n‐Butanol from 78 to 320 K
Authors: Nan Zhao‐Dong , TAN Zhi‐Cheng , Xing Jun 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMolar heat capacities of n‐butanol and the azeotropic mixture in the binary system [water (x=0.716) plus n‐butanol (x=0.284)] were measured with an adiabatic calorimeter in a temperature range from 78 to 320 K. The functions of the heat capacity with respect to thermodynamic temperature were established for the azeotropic mixture. A glass transition was observed at (111.9±1.2) K. The phase transitions took place at (179.26±0.77) and (269.69±0.14) K corresponding to the solid‐liquid phase transitions of n‐butanol and water, respectively. The phase‐transition enthalpy and entropy of water were calculated. A thermodynamic function of excess molar heat capacity with respect to temperature was established, which took account of physical mixing, destructions of self‐association and cross‐association for n‐butanol and water, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess thermodynamic ones of the binary systems relative to 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity and the calculated excess heat capacity with respect to temperature.
Rapid Phosphodiester Hydrolysis Catalyzed by Lanthanum(III)
Authors: Kou Xing‐Ming , Hu Yan , Huang Zhong , Meng Xiang‐Guang , Zeng Xian‐Cheng 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe catalytic hydrolysis of bis(4‐nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP) by lanthanum(III) ion in the presence of amino‐alcoholic ligands: diethanolamine (DEA) and triethanolamine (TEA), was investigated kinetically at 30 °C. The results indicated that the dinuclear dihydroxo complexes formed by lanthanum(III) ion with aminoalcoholic ligands might be the catalytically active species which catalyze the hydrolysis of BNPP to different extents and the catalytic mechanism was believed to involve the synergism of double Lewis acid activation of the substrate and an intramolecular nucleophilic attack of a bridging oxo ligand.
Theoretical Studies of the Aminolysis for N‐Methyl β‐Sultam in Solution
Authors: He Mao‐Xia , Feng Da‐Cheng , Wang Huan‐Jie , Cai Zheng‐Ting 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe aminolysis and the effect of water on the aminolysis processes of n‐methyl β‐sultam have been studied using density functional theory (DFT) method at the B3LYP/6‐31G* level. The stationary structures and energies have been investigated for both reactions to find two different reaction channels. Specific and general solvent effects have been evaluated and the most favored pathway was found. The presence of solvent disfavors the reaction, whereas the participation of water in the aminolysis reaction plays a positive role and reduces the activation energy greatly. All transition states in the assisted aminolysis are 35–70 kJ/mol lower than those for the non‐assisted reaction.
Influence of Molar Ratio of Zn/Al/Tyr on the Formation of Tyr/Zn‐Al‐LDH Nanohybrids
Authors: li Shu‐Ping , Xu Jing‐Juan , Zhao Ge , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe intercalation of amphoteric amino acid tyrosine (Tyr) into LDH by co‐precipitation method was systematically studied. The influence of initial molar ratios (R) of LDH to Tyr has also been examined. Powder X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, specific surface areas and pore size distributions, and thermal analysis have been employed for the characterization of the nanocomposites. The nanohybrids were found to have an expanded layered structure except the samples prepared with low R values, indicating that the biomolecules were intercalated into the gallery as anions. The intercalation of amino acids resulted in the increase of the surface areas and pore volumes, and the value of surface areas and pore volumes increased with enhancement of biomolecules intercalated. TEM analysis revealed that with increasing biomolecules into the gallery, the nanohybrids were changed from hexagonal particles to spherical ones. Moreover, the configuration of Tyr anions was varied under different R values, changed from monolayer to bilayers with more biomolecules intercalating into the gallery.
Solubility of Rubidium Nitrate in CH3OH or C2H5OH Aqueous Solutions at Different Temperatures
Authors: Li Shu‐Ni , Hu Man‐Cheng , Jin Li‐Hua , Zhang Xiao‐Lei , Jiang Yu‐Cheng 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe solubilities of rubidium nitrate in water, water plus methanol, and water plus ethanol have been determined using a simple accurate analytical method at different temperatures. In all cases, the presence of either methanol or ethanol significantly reduced the solubility of rubidium nitrate in aqueous solution. A four‐parameter equation was adjusted to the experimental data satisfactorily. Refractive index was also determined for the two ternary systems both in saturated and unsaturated solutions with varied salt concentrations. Furthermore the values for refractive index were correlated with the proportions of alcohol and the concentrations of salt.
Theoretical Study on the Protonation of Platinated Adenine
Authors: He Qin , Zhou Li‐Xin , Zhang Zhi‐Qiang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe influence of a series of square planar metal adducts on the protonation ability of adenine has been investigated using ab initio calculation. The results showed that the protonation ability was mainly influenced by the long‐range electrostatic effect in gas phase, no strong influence of different metals has been detected for the system studied, and the solvent effect calculations showed that the polar solvent could efficiently compensate for the long‐range electrostatic effect dominant in gas phase. The NBO population analysis indicated that the protonation ability was mainly affected by changes of the electron density on selected atoms.
New Type of Polymeric Chain Constructed by Exo‐bidentate Binaphthol Derivative
Authors: Gong Ya‐Qiong , Han Lei , Wang Rui‐Hua , Lou Ben‐Yong , Wu Ben‐Lai , Hong Mao‐Chun 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe self‐assembly of a racemic exo‐bidentate ligand 2,2′‐bis(4‐pyridylmethyloxy)‐1,1′‐binaphthyl, namelyRac‐L, with cadmium(II) salt gave rise to a new one‐dimensional polymer, which has been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. The polymer crystallizes in a triclinic space groupP‐1 with unit cell parameters:a=0.6976(1) nm,b=1.30160(14) nm,c=1.71146(17) nm,α=105.141(3) °,β=94.263(5)°,γ=100.405(4)°,V=1.4633(2) nm3,Z=2, C32H29CdCl2N2O4.5,M=696.88,Dc=1.584 g/cm3,F(000) =708,μ(Mo Kα) =0.972 mm−1. The finalRandwRare 0.0498 and 0.1282 for 5079 observed reflections withI≥δ(I).
Study on the Molecular Recognition of α,α,α,β‐ZnT(o‐BocThr)APP toward Imidazole Derivatives and Amino Acid Esters
Authors: Ruan Wen‐Juan , Zhao Xiao‐Jing , Wang Shu‐Jun , Zhang Ying‐Hui , Zhang Zhi‐Huia , Nan Jing , Zhu Zhi‐Ang , Wang Jian‐Guo , Ma Yi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMolecular Recognition of α,α,α,β‐ZnT(o‐BocThr)APP (1) toward a series of imidazole derivatives and amino acid esters was investigated. Association constants were determined in chloroform by means of UV‐Vis titration method. The association constants of 1 with imidazole derivatives are larger than those of 1 with amino acid esters. 1H NMR spectra were investigated to describe the binding mode of the recognition system, showing that all the protons of the guests were shifted to upfield. The circular dichroism spectra of 1‐L‐/D‐ValOMe showed a split cotton effect in Soret region, while those of 1‐L‐/D‐PheOMe showed no split cotton effect. Molecular modeling was performed to understand chiral recognition on a molecular level. Quantum chemical calculation was carried out based on the stable conformations of these recognition systems, which gave a reasonable explanation for the behavior of molecular recognition. The results indicated that the conformation of 1‐D‐ValOMe was more stable than that of 1‐L‐ValOMe.
Novel Organic‐inorganic Hybrid Coordination Polymer [(DBU‐H)(PbI3)]n: Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure and Quantum Chemical Investigation
Authors: Li Hao‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Rong , Li Jun‐Qian , Huang Chang‐Cang , Xiao Guang‐Can , Hu Xiao‐Lin , Zhao Bin , Xiao Fu‐Xian 
Published: November 2005

Abstract The coordination polymer [(DBU‐H)(PbI3)]n (DBU=catena‐(1,8‐diazabicyclo[5,4,0]‐undec‐7‐ene) was synthesized by self‐assembly reaction of DBU and PbI2 at room temperature with pH=6.0 and structurally characterized by means of X‐ray single crystal diffraction. It crystallizes in monoclinic system with space group P21/c and crystal parameters a=1.1940(2) nm, b=1.7409(4) nm, c=0.81347(16) nm, β=100.32(3)°, chemical formula C9H17N2I3Pb and Mr=741.15, V=1.6635(6) nm3, Z=4, Dc=2.959 g/cm3, F(000) =1304, µ(Mo Kα) =15.687 mm−1, the final R=0.0389 and wR=0.0635 for 2279 observed reflections with I>2δ(I). Structure analysis shows that the inorganic anion chain consists of distorted PbI6 octahedra, which shares the same faces with adjacent PbI6 units to form one‐dimensional infinite chains along the c‐axis. Anion chains are surrounded by protonated (DBU‐H)+ cations. Anion chains and cations are in combination with each other by static attracting forces in the crystal to form so‐called organic‐inorganic hybrid structure. According to the crystal structure data, quantum chemical calculation with DFT at B3LYP level was used to reveal the electronic structure of title compound.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Characterization of [ZnL2Cl2]·2H2O (L=N′‐Benzoylpyridine‐4‐hydrazide)
Authors: Bian He‐Dong , Guo Gui‐Quan , Yu Qing , Liang Hong , Yang Xiao‐E , Zhu Li‐Gang , Wang Da‐Qi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn the title complex, the zinc(II) ion is four coordinated in a distorted tetrahedron geometry. The neighboring molecules are connected by the hydrogen bonds to form an infinite three‐dimensional system. Moreover, there are π‐π interactions between adjacent molecule planes, pyridyl and phenyl rings of the complex, which are arranged in a face‐to‐face fashion. The ligand and the complex could emit blue light with an emission maximum at λ=480 nm in solid state.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pyridine Coordinated Sandwich‐type Heteropolyanion {[Na(H2O)2]3[Ni(C5H5N)]3(AsW9O33)2}9−
Authors: Liu Xue‐Mei , Wang Chong‐Ren , Liu Bin , Xue Gang‐Lin , Hu Huai‐Ming , Wang Ji‐Wu , Fu Feng 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe pyridine coordinated sandwich‐type heteropolytungstate Na7[Ni(H2O)6]{[Na(H2O)2]3[Ni(C5H5N)]3‐ (AsW9O33)2}·28H2O was obtained by the reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O, NaAsO2 and pyridine with NiCl2·6H2O at pH=7.0 and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV‐Vis, 1H NMR spectra and magnetic measurement. The structure of this heteropolytungstate was determined by X‐ray diffraction analysis, which crystallized in triclinic system, space group $ P {\bar 1} $ with a=1.3153(9) nm, b=1.7228(12) nm, c=2.6866(19) nm, α=74.130(11)°, β=78.032(12)°,γ=73.179(12)° and Z=2, R1=0.0604, wR2=0.0915 [I>2δ(I)]. Polyanion {[Na(H2O)2]3[Ni(C5H5N)]3‐(AsW9O33)2}9− has approximately C3 symmetry, and three pyridine coordinated Ni(C5H5N)2+and three Na(H2O) 2+ are encapsulated between two AsW9O339−. Magnetic measurements show that central Ni3 unit in the polyanion exhibits ferromagnetic NiNi exchange interactions (J=6.17 cm−1).
Study on Structure and Biological Activities of Novel Triazole Compounds Containing 1,3‐Dithiolane Ring
Authors: Xu Liang‐Zhong , Xu Feng‐Ling , Li Kai , Lin Qiang , Zhou Kai 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSeven novel triazole compounds containing 1,3‐dithiolane groups were synthesized according to the biological isosterism. Their structures were confirmed by means of elemental analysis, MS, 1H NMR, IR and X‐ray crystallography. The results of preliminary biological tests showed that all of these compounds possess some antifungal and plant growth regulatory activities.
Photocatalytic Oxidation for Determination of Chemical Oxygen Demand Using Nano‐TiO2Film
Authors: Ding Hong‐Chun , Chai Yi‐Hao , Zhang Zhong‐Hai , Liu Mei‐Chuan , Xian Yue‐Zhong , Pan Zhen‐Sheng , Jin Li‐Tong 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA photocatalytic oxidation method for determination of chemical oxygen demand (COD) using nano‐TiO2film, based on the use of a nano‐TiO2‐Ce(SO4)2system and electrochemical detection, was proposed. The technique was originated from the direct determination of the Ce(III) concentration change resulting from photocatalytic oxidation of organic compounds. Ce(III), which was produced by photocatalytic reduction of Ce(SO4)2, could be measured at a multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) chemically modified electrode (CME). The COD values by this method were calculated from the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) current of Ce(III) at the CME. Under the optimal operation conditions, the detection limit of 0.5 mg·L−1COD with the linear range of 1–600 mg·L−1was achieved. This method was also applied to determination of various COD of ground water and wastewater samples. The results were in good agreement with those from the conventional COD methods,i.e., permanganate and dichromate ones.
Charge Transfer in Excited Donor‐acceptor Phenothiazine Derivatives
Authors: Liu Tao , Wei Yong‐Gang , Yuan Yan‐Qiu , Guo Qing‐Xiang 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA series ofN‐bonded donor‐acceptor derivatives of phenothiazine containing phenyl (PHPZ), anisyl (ANPZ), pyridyl (PYPZ), naphthyl (NAPZ), acetylphenyl (APPZ), and cyanophenyl (CPPZ) as an electron acceptor have been synthesized. Their photophysical properties were investigated in solvents of different polarities by absorption and emission techniques. These studies clearly revealed the existence of an intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) excited state in the latter four compounds. The solvent dependent Stokes shift values were analyzed by the modified Lippert‐Mataga equation to obtain the excited state dipole moment values. The large excited state dipole moment suggests that the full (or nearly full) electron transfer take place in the A‐D systems. In the system of A‐D phenothiazine derivatives, the transition dipole momentsMfluwere determined mainly by direct interactions between the solvent‐equilibrated fluorescence1CT state and ground state because of their lack of significant change with increase of the solvent polarity. The electron structure and molecular conformation of phenothiazine derivatives will be significantly changed with the increase of the electron affinity of the N‐10 substituent.
Superabsorber aus nachwachsenden Rohstoffen. Die gezielte Synthese mit nachwachsenden Rohstoffen
Authors: Zeuke Michael 
Published: November 2005

AbstractStärke [1, 2] kann als natürlicher Rohstoff zur Herstellung von superabsorbierenden Makromolekülen verwendet werden. Die nachwachsenden Rohstoffe werden durch die gezielte Einführung hydrophiler Gruppen wasserlöslicher und lassen sich durch Vernetzung in stabile Gele umwandeln. Durch moderne Aufnahmetechniken kann die Struktur abgebildet werden [3].
Hochschulen und Hochschul‐Prüfungen in Schweden
Authors: Schmidt Hans‐Jürgen 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNachdem der kleine Ruster von Schweden nach Deutschland zurückgekehrt war, erzählte er gerne von dem wunderbaren Land im Norden. Die Menschen seien dort so groß wie die Kirchtürme, die Schwalben so groß wie Adler und die Bienen wie Gänse.„…und die Bienenkörbe?”︁„Die Bienenkörbe? … die sind wie gewöhnliche Bienenkörbe.”︁„Wie können die Bienen da aber hineinkommen?”︁„…das ist ihre Sache”︁, sagte der kleine Ruster.Selma Lagerlöf (1858 – 1940), Gösta Berling, stark verändertIn Schweden gehen die Uhren anders – auch im Bildungswesen. Der vorliegende Artikel basiert zum einen auf Erfahrungen, die der Autor in fünf Jahren als Gastprofessor für Chemiedidaktik an der Universität Karlstad in Schweden gesammelt hat. Zum anderen werden veröffentlichte Dokumente ausgewertet, um zu allgemein gültigen Aussagen zu kommen. Zur Illustration werden Beispiele aus den Chemie‐Studiengängen herangezogen.
Himbeere, Waldmeister oder doch Zitrone? Die Verwendung von Brausepulver und Gummibärchen als Indikatoren
Authors: Ducci Matthias 
Published: November 2005

AbstractDie Verwendung von Haushaltschemikalien im Chemieunterricht birgt ein großes Motivationspotenzial, das für Lernprozesse genutzt werden sollte. Entsprechend findet man in der fachdidaktischen Literatur etliche Versuchsvorschriften, in denen Labor‐ durch Alltagschemikalien ersetzt werden. An dieser Stelle seien exemplarisch die Konzeption „Chemie fürs Leben”︁ von Flint sowie die umfangreiche Zusammenstellung von Experimenten mit Haushaltschemikalien von Schwedt genannt [1, 2].Auch Indikatoren werden vom erfahrenen Lehrer nur dann im Chemikalienhandel gekauft, wenn die Kasse für die Verbrauchsmaterialien am Ende des Rechnungsjahres noch einen Überschuss aufweist. Andernfalls greift er auf Versuchsanleitungen zurück, mit Hilfe derer die Herstellung von Indikatoren selbst vorgenommen werden kann, z. B. aus Rotkohl oder Radieschen [3, 4].Im Folgenden wird aufgezeigt, dass auch die im Ahoj‐Brausepulver der Geschmacksrichtung Himbeere sowie in roten Gummibärchen eingesetzten Farbstoffe als Säure‐Base‐Indikatoren verwendet werden können.
Semisynthesis and Screening of a Small Library of Pro‐Apoptotic Squamocin Analogues: Selection and Study of a Benzoquinone Hybrid with an Improved Biological Profile.
Authors: Derbré Séverine , Duval Romain , Roué Gaël , Garofano Aurelio , Poupon Erwan , Brandt Ulrich , Susin Santos A. , Hocquemiller Reynald 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAcetogenins of Annonaceae, including squamocin (1), exert spectacular cytotoxicity and the most potent inhibition of NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase known so far. Cell death induced by these natural products was identified as apoptosis and was thought to be linked to alterations in mitochondrial function. Quinone–squamocin hybrid compounds were semisynthesized and evaluated for their pro‐apoptotic properties with a screening method based on dissipation of the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm). Herein, we report a short one‐step synthesis of a squamocin carboxylic acid analogue. For the first time on a natural product, the radical decarboxylation and quinone addition reaction has enabled preparation of a library of squamocin–quinone hybrids and four other analogues. Squamoquinone, tenfold more potent than squamocin as an inducer of apoptosis, emerged as a promising compound, as it induces apoptosis through a mitochondrial caspase‐dependent pathway.
Survivin expression and its relation with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis in brain gliomas
Authors: Zhen Hai‐Ning , Zhang Xiang , Hu Pei‐Zhen , Yang Tong‐Tao , Fei Zhou , Zhang Jian‐Ning , Fu Luo‐An , He Xiao‐Sheng , Ma Fu‐Cheng , Wang Xi‐Ling 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDAn unbalance of cell proliferation and cell apoptosis is an important mechanism in carcinogenesis, and angiogenesis also plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Recently, survivin has been identified as an important member of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. Although it has been shown that survivin is highly expressed in gliomas, and is associated with tumorigenesis, progression, and poor prognosis of gliomas, as yet the relation of survivin expression with proliferation, apoptosis, and angiogenesis of gliomas it is still unclear.METHODSEighty‐three cases of brain glioma were chosen and protein expressions of survivin and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in glioma cells and Factor VIII‐related antigen (FVIII‐RAg) in vascular endothelial cells were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Apoptotic cells of brain glioma were screened by TdT‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL), and survivin immunoreactivity score (IRS), proliferative index (PI), apoptotic index (AI), overall daily growth (ODG), and microvessel density (MVD) in brain gliomas were measured.RESULTSThe survivin IRS, PI, AI, ODG, and MVD of brain gliomas were 3.75 ± 3.89, 28.39 ± 19.49%, 1.00 ± 0.80%, 12.19 ± 10.21%, and 62.75 ± 31.50, respectively, and all of them increased markedly with an increase in the pathologic grade of brain gliomas (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD in the survivin‐positive group were significantly higher than those in the survivin‐negative group (P < 0.001 for all). PI, ODG, and MVD were positively correlated with survivin IRS (P < 0.001 for all). Although there was no significant difference between AI in the survivin‐positive group or in the survivin‐negative group (P = 0.108), AI was inversely correlated with survivin IRS (P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONSSurvivin is overexpressed in brain gliomas, which may play an important role in malignant proliferation, antiapoptosis, and angiogenesis of brain gliomas. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.
Transdermal fentanyl in the management of children with chronic severe pain
Authors: Finkel Julia C. , Finley Allen , Greco Christine , Weisman Steve J. , Zeltzer Lonnie 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe current study was conducted to assess the safety and tolerability of a transdermal fentanyl delivery system for the relief of chronic pain in a pediatric population, and also to validate titration recommendations and conversion to transdermal fentanyl from oral opioid therapy.METHODSThis 15‐day (with 3‐month extension), single‐arm, open‐label trial was conducted at 66 sites in 10 countries. A total of 199 pediatric patients (ages 2–16 years) with both malignant and nonmalignant conditions who were receiving oral or parenteral opioids for moderate to severe chronic pain were enrolled. Transdermal fentanyl doses were titrated upward according to the rescue medication consumed during the previous application period. Degree of pain was assessed by patients and parents/guardians using visual and numeric scales. Level of play and quality of life were assessed using the Play Performance Scale (PPS) and the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Adverse events were monitored on Days 1–15. Hypoventilation and sedation were monitored every 4 hours during the first 72 hours of the study.RESULTSA total of 173 patients completed the primary treatment period and 130 entered the extension phase. The average daily pain intensity scores were reported to have decreased by Day 16 and improvements in the mean PPS scores were observed to the end of the extension period. The CHQ scores demonstrated improvements in 11 of 12 domains after Month 1 of the extension period.CONCLUSIONSTransdermal fentanyl was found to be a safe and well tolerated alternative to oral opioid treatment for children ages 2–16 years who were previously exposed to opioid therapy. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.