bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of the Hydrocarbon Saturation in Low Resistivity Formation via Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Shokir E. M. El-M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The major problem that concerns log analysts is their interpretation for shaly formations. The previous models that were used to estimate the hydrocarbon saturation in shaly formation revealed a wide area of discrepancies. Shaly sand models based on shale volume fraction (Vsh) fail to consistently predict representative values of hydrocarbon saturation from wire line data. Cation exchange capacity-based models require laboratory-determined concentration of sodium exchange cation associated with clay (Qv) value which is not commonly available to the log analyst. In addition, different laboratory techniques are found to yield different Qv values for the same core sample. Moreover, Louisiana State University (LSU ) model is very complex in their calculation and depends on the determination of Qv by using a complicated technique. Also, the theoretical model such as Berg's model, use a repeated complicated iteration technique. Therefore, a new shaly model is presented named ANN's model. It is built a non-linear model to predict water saturation as a function of conventional well logs. The neural network was trained and tested over a wide range of Bahariya formation, which characterized by high clay content. The resulting models provide an excellent correlation between the inputs and outputs. The accuracy of results derived from the ANN's model is highly exceeds that of the previously published shaly sand models. In general, an ANN's model displayed a correlation coefficient of 0.9968 where 1.0 is a perfect match. Moreover, maximum absolute error of less than two percent were observed.
An Operator's Targeted Development of Low-Cost 3D Rotary Steerable Systems
Authors: Travis John T. (Tim) , Moss Jeff H. , Browning Greg M. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
The many benefits of 3Dimensional Rotary Steering Systems (3D RSS) are well documented.1 ExxonMobil Development Company (EMDC) Drilling continues to expand utilization of 3D RSS in our daily drilling operations.
Our worldwide drilling operations include a variety of well architectures in both the high cost (deepwater) and low cost (platform/land) markets. Due to the high price of the current systems on the market, we are unable to justify the use of these systems in our lower cost wells. Lost-In-Hole costs of these systems can also easily exceed the total well Authorization For Expenditure (AFE) and further limit applications.
However, the low cost market would benefit from the higher Rates Of Penetration (ROP) and reduced risk through:
Improved hole cleaning Reduced wellbore tortuosity More efficient directional control
This paper describes the strategy EMDC Drilling used to identify promising lower priced systems and our efforts to assist these systems in entering the market.
Lessons Learned from Mature Carbonates for Application to Middle East Fields
Authors: Wilkinson J. R. , Genetti D. B. , Henning G. T. , Broomhall R. W. , Lawrence J. J. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Some of the key challenges facing producing organizations are to increase recovery from existing fields and to optimize the utilization and value of existing infrastructure. The Middle East is uniquely positioned to help supply world energy demand through efficient application of secondary and tertiary recovery techniques in super-giant carbonate reservoirs. Three long-life carbonate fields in the USA are offered as examples of the benefits achieved by a continuous process of data collection, studies, and systematic application of available technologies. This continuous process has progressively increased ultimate recovery. The example fields will achieve a range of incremental increases in the recovery factor of between 8 and 20 percent original oil-in-place (% OOIP) or up to 50% OOIP increase over conventional primary recovery. A systematic and integrated approach to reservoir management has been employed to understand the basic rock and fluid physics of each reservoir and the key parameters that impact performance. The development plan for each of the example fields has then been implemented in a way that maximizes both hydrocarbon recovery and value of the assets while utilizing best available technologies. The Jay Field, in the southeastern United States is a deep, heterogeneous, carbonate that was discovered and put on production in the 1970's. The field is geologically complex, including cemented zones associated with stylolites that restrict vertical flow. Using sophisticated 3D-geostatistical models and advanced reservoir simulation, we were able to optimize the performance of both a waterflood and a miscible nitrogen (N2) flood over the field life. As a result, we expect to achieve a recovery of more than 60% OOIP. Currently, the field has produced over 50% OOIP.The Salt Creek Field in West Texas is a carbonate that provides an example of the benefits of successive implementation of infill drilling and improved recovery processes to increase recovery. Acquired in the late 1970's, the field was the subject of two infill-drilling programs and development of a flank residual oil zone (ROZ). Studies were conducted to balance injection and withdrawal and to better understand the complex stratigraphy. The field is expected to achieve a recovery factor of greater than 60% OOIP using a carbon dioxide (CO2) water-alternating-gas (WAG) process. Currently, the field has produced over 50% OOIP.The Means Field in West Texas is a carbonate with low permeability and high viscosity oil and an underlying aquifer. An infill-drilling program, improved waterflood, and a CO2 WAG flood in a portion of the field significantly increased recovery. The field is expected to achieve a recovery factor of about 45% OOIP within the CO2 project area. Currently, the field has produced over 30% OOIP.
Lessons learned are summarized and a process is recommended to address the challenges of improving recovery from similar Middle Eastern carbonate fields.
Rock Typing as an Effective Tool for Permeability and Water-Saturation Modeling: A Case Study in a Clastic Reservoir in the Oriente Basin
Authors: Guo Genliang , Diaz Marlon A. , Paz Francisco , Smalley Joe , Waninger Eric A. 
Published: January 2008

Summary
In clastic reservoirs in the Oriente basin, South America, the rock-quality index (RQI) and flow-zone indicator (FZI) have proved to be effective techniques for rock-type classifications. It has long been recognized that excellent permeability/porosity relationships can be obtained once the conventional core data are grouped according to their rock types. Furthermore, it was also observed from this study that the capillary pressure curves, as well as the relative permeability curves, show close relationships with the defined rock types in the basin. These results lead us to believe that if the rock type is defined properly, then a realistic permeability model, a unique set of relative permeability curves, and a consistent J function can be developed for a given rock type. The primary purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the procedure for implementing this technique in our reservoir modeling.
First, conventional core data were used to define the rock types for the cored intervals. The wireline log measurements at the cored depths were extracted, normalized, and subsequently analyzed together with the calculated rock types. A mathematical model was then built to predict the rock type in uncored intervals and in uncored wells. This allows the generation of a synthetic rock-type log for all wells with modern log suites. Geostatistical techniques can then be used to populate the rock type throughout a reservoir.
After rock type and porosity are populated properly, the permeability can be estimated by use of the unique permeability/porosity relationship for a given rock type. The initial water saturation for a reservoir can be estimated subsequently by use of the corresponding rock-type, porosity, and permeability models as well as the rock-type-based J functions. We observed that a global permeability multiplier became unnecessary in our reservoir-simulation models when the permeability model is constructed with this technique. Consistent initial-water-saturation models (i.e., calculated and log-measured water saturations are in excellent agreement) can be obtained when the proper J function is used for a given rock type. As a result, the uncertainty associated with volumetric calculations is greatly reduced as a more accurate initial-water-saturation model is used. The true dynamic characteristics (i.e., the flow capacity) of the reservoir are captured in the reservoir-simulation model when a more reliable permeability model is used.
ACE I/D polymorphism in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Trebunova Marianna , Slaba Eva , Habalova Viera , Gdovinova Zuzana 
Published: January 2008

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) has been reported to show altered activity in patients with neurological diseases. The recent studies found that a 287 bp insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism of the ACE gene may be associated with susceptibility to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) but the results have been heterogenous between studies in Europe. In the present study we examined for the first time the association of ACE I/D polymorphism along with APOE genotype in 70 sporadic AD and 126 control subjects in Slovak Caucasians (Central Europe). An increased risk for AD was observed in subjects with at least one APOE*E4 allele (OR=3.99, 95% CI=1.97–8.08). No significant differences for the genotype distribution or the allele frequency were revealed comparing controls and patients for ACE gene. Gene-gene interaction analysis showed increase of the risk to develop AD in subjects carrying both the ACE DD genotype and the APOE*E4 allele (OR=10.32, 95% C.I. 2.67–39.81).
A Technique for Obtaining Feedback from Students Using a Computer Program in a Veterinary Anesthesia Course
Authors: Wilson Deborah V. , Sneed Steven R. 
Published: January 2008

Introduction – The College of Veterinary Medicine at Michigan State University has been using computer-aided instructional programs in our pre-clinical veterinary anesthesia course. We describe an embedded feedback collection module (FCM) that facilitates the process of formative evaluation of the program. Methods – The instructional program was divided into discrete sections. The FCM was accessed easily from all sections of the program. Instructions for use of the FCM were delivered orally to all users of the instructional program and were included in the introduction section of the program. Results – Feedback was obtained from successive classes of veterinary students over four years, using our computer-aided instructional program. Students in each class were required to use the program either in class or for review and to leave at least one comment in the FCM. Of the 653 responses, 293 were positive and expressed appreciation for the program, 209 contained specific comments or suggestions, and 151 were questions relating to the subject material contained within the program. Written survey feedback was also obtained from some students in these classes. Conclusion – Our FCM was effective and easy to implement. It proved an easy way to obtain user feedback, which was used in the ongoing process of program design and content improvement.
Teaching Dairy Herd Health Dynamics Using a Web-Based Program
Authors: Allore Heather G. , Haferkamp-Wise Claudia , Gröhn Yjrö , Warnick Lorin D. 
Published: January 2008

Introduction - This course teaches veterinary students basic principles of epidemiology. Dynamic relationships of dairy herd performance parameters are demonstrated. Methodology - Courseware combines lectures (both in-class and Web-based) and problem-based exercises using two computer simulation models. The format of this eight-week, one-credit course is a lecture followed by exercises in a computer laboratory working with simulation models. Currently, Cornell University and nine test sites use the courseware. Current status - The course has been taught for two years, with students and experts providing evaluations and critical feedback for courseware modification.
Book Reviews
Authors: Gingrich Andre , Vettori Brigitte , Schober Elisabeth , Setur Luisa 
Published: January 2008

Christian Giordano and Andrea Boscoboinik (eds.), Constructing risk, threat, catastrophe: Anthropological perspectivesAndre Gingrich and Marcus Banks (eds.), Neo-nationalism in Europe and beyond: Perspectives from anthropology and Andre Gingrich and Richard G. Fox (eds.), Anthropology, by comparisonSheba Mariam George, When women come first: Gender and class in transnational
Dispersion and catalytic activity of MoO3on TiO2‐SiO2binary oxide support
Authors: Wang Shengping , Liu Yue , Shi Yun , Ma Xinbin , Gong Jinlong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe authors present results of an investigation into the dispersion of MoO3on TiO2‐SiO2composite and its reactivity in transesterification of dimethyl oxalate (DMO) with phenol to produce methyl phenyl oxalate (MPO) and diphenyl oxalate (DPO). They examined the effects of support composition, MoO3content, and reaction time on activities of the transesterification. The results show that MoO3/TiO2‐SiO2is more active and selective than MoO3/TiO2, MoO3/SiO2, and TiO2/SiO2catalysts in the transesterification reaction. The best catalytic performance is obtained over a 12%MoO3/8%TiO2‐SiO2, providing a 71.8% DMO conversion and 59.0%, 40.1% selectivities for MPO and DPO, respectively. Through employing X‐ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma‐optic emission spectrometry, they show evidence strongly suggesting that improvement of catalytic reactivity over the TiO2‐modified SiO2support can be ascribed to the enhanced metal oxide support interactions and the increased dispersion capacity of MoO3phase. They also present evidence showing that incorporation of TiO2in SiO2can elevate the monolayer dispersion capacity of MoO3on SiO2. Thus, they conclude that increased DPO selectivity from MoO3/TiO2‐SiO2catalysts can be primarily attributed to the improvement of MoO3dispersion and the synergistic effect between amorphous MoO3and amorphous TiO2. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Synthesis, physico‐chemical and biological study of trialkylsiloxyalkyl amine coated iron oxide/oleic acid magnetic nanoparticles for the treatment of cancer
Authors: Segal Izolda , Zablotskaya Alla , Lukevics Edmunds , Maiorov Mikhail , Zablotsky Dmitry , Blums Elmars , Shestakova Irina , Domracheva Ilona 
Published: January 2008

AbstractNew original water‐soluble magnetic nanoparticles based on natural components, magnetite–oleic acid–biologically active silyl modified alkanolamine, were synthesized. Physico‐chemical characterization, i.e. magnetic properties, concentration of magnetite, size of iron oxide core, of the nanoparticles synthesized and the corresponding magnetic fluids obtained, was carried out. Magnetic fluids were screened for in vitro cytotoxicity concerning human fibrosarcoma (HT‐1080), mouse hepatoma (MG‐22A) monolayer tumour cell lines and normal mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3). They possess low or moderate cytotoxic effects, are non‐toxic, exhibit high NO‐induction ability and strongly change tumour cell morphology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of the addition of LiCl and CsCl salts on the mechanical properties and morphology of poly(styrene‐co‐methacrylate) ionomers
Authors: Kim Jung‐Won , Song Ju‐Myung , Kim Joon‐Seop 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe effects of the addition of LiCl and CsCl salts to Li‐ and Cs‐neutralized styrene‐co‐methacrylate ionomers, respectively, on the mechanical properties and morphology of the ionomers were studied. It was observed that with increasing inorganic salt contents, the ionic modulus increased, and this indicated that the inorganic salts in the ionomers acted as fillers. However, the type of salt did not affect the increase in the ionic modulus. It was also found that the addition of the inorganic salts did not change the matrix glass‐transition temperatures of the ionomers strongly but reduced the cluster glass‐transition temperature significantly and slowly for the LiCl‐ and CsCl‐containing ionomers, respectively. In addition, with increasing salt contents, a small‐angle X‐ray scattering peak shifted to slightly lower angles. These findings suggested that some of the inorganic salts resided in the multiplet with the ionic groups of the ionomers, acting as plasticizers. The presence of an X‐ray diffraction peak for the polymers containing a relatively large amount of CsCl indicated that the CsCl salt formed phase‐separated domains at sufficiently high salt contents. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Characterization of magnetic poly(methyl methacrylate) microspheres prepared by the modified suspension polymerization
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hung , Liu Yi‐You , Lin Rong‐Hsien , Yen Fu‐Shan 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe study focuses on the characterization of the superparamagnetic microspheres of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) prepared by the modified suspension polymerization. The nano‐sized oleic acid‐coated magnetite particles (OMP) mixed with methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomers and divinylbenzene were employed to produce the nonporous superparamagnetic PMMA microspheres. The morphology, composition and magnetic properties of the magnetic PMMA microspheres were characterized with the scanning electron microscopy, particle size analyzer, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and superconductor quantum interference device. As a result, the obtained PMMA microspheres had the average particle size of 1.8–6.8 μm and magnetite content of 4.74–10.85 wt %. The corresponding saturation magnetization of the PMMA microspheres was in the range of 2.04–8.51 emu/g. The diameter of the PMMA microspheres showing the polydispersity significantly decreased with the higher weight ratio of OMP to MMA. On the contrary, the magnetite content and saturation magnetization of the PMMA microspheres would increase with the higher weight ratio of OMP to MMA. Furthermore, the distinct relationships between the characteristics of magnetic PMMA microspheres and the weight ratio of OMP to MMA have been proposed. The magnetic PMMA microspheres show the good stability in the solution with the pH region of 2.1–12.9. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Environment‐friendly soy flour‐based resins without formaldehyde
Authors: Amaral‐Labat G. A. , Pizzi A. , Gonçalves A. R. , Celzard A. , Rigolet S. , Rocha G. J. M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGlyoxalated soy flour adhesives for wood particleboard added with a much smaller proportion of glyoxalated lignin or tannin and without any addition of either formaldehyde or formaldehyde‐based resin are shown to yield results satisfying the relevant standard specifications for interior wood boards. Adhesive resin formulations in which the total content of natural material is either 70 or 80% of the total resin solids content gave good results. The resins comprising 70% by weight of natural material can be used in a much lower proportion on wood chips and can afford pressing times fast enough to be significant under industrial panel pressing conditions. The best formulation of all the ones tried was the one based on glyoxalated precooked soy flour (SG), to which a condensed tannin was added in water solution and a polymeric isocyanate (pMDI), where the proportions of the components SG/T/pMDI was 54/16/30 by weight. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Scaling rules in the science system: Influence of field‐specific citation characteristics on the impact of research groups
Authors: Raan Anthony F.J. van 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA representation of science as a citation density landscape is proposed and scaling rules with the field‐specific citation density as a main topological property are investigated. The focus is on the size‐dependence of several main bibliometric indicators for a large set of research groups while distinguishing between top‐performance and lower‐performance groups. It is demonstrated that this representation of the science system is particularly effective to understand the role and the interdependencies of the different bibliometric indicators and related topological properties of the landscape.
Perceived influence of the use of electronic information resources on scholarly work and publication productivity
Authors: Vakkari Pertti 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThis study explores how the use of electronic information resources has influenced scholars' opinion of their work, and how this is connected to their publication productivity. The data consist of a nationwide Web‐based survey of the end‐users of FinELib, the Finnish Electronic Library, at all universities in Finland. Scholars feel that the use of electronic literature has improved their work considerably in several ways. This influence can be differentiated into two dimensions. The first one is improved accessibility and availability of literature, and the second is more directly related to the content and quality of scholarly work. The perceived improved access is positively associated with the number of international publications produced, among doctoral students in particular. The more direct influence of e‐resource use on the content of scholarly work is, however, not associated with publication productivity. The results seem to imply that investments in academic digital libraries are beneficial for the researchers and for the universities.
Unique Reactivity of the Mukaiyama Glycosidation Catalyst (SnCl3ClO4) Toward β‐Mannopyranosides
Authors: Wang Yonghui , Cheon Hwan‐Sung , Kishi Yoshito 
Published: January 2008

AbstractGlycosidation of a mannosyl donor in the presence of the Mukaiyama catalyst was found to give exceptionally high α/β selectivity. A systematic study was conducted to reveal that selective β‐to‐α anomerization accounts for the observed high α/β stereoselectivity. Furthermore, the Mukaiyama catalyst was shown to exhibit an unusual level of substrate and anomer selectivity for the anomerization. On the basis of the combined anomeric and Δ2 effects, a mechanistic rationale was proposed, thereby suggesting the minimum structural moiety essential for the anomerization in question. With this analysis, β‐talo‐, β‐altro‐, and β‐idopyranosides are predicted to exhibit a reactivity profile similar to β‐mannopyranosides, but all other pyranosides should not. This prediction was verified by using β‐ and α‐talopyranosides as an example.