bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Problem behavior as a precursor of male criminality
Authors: Hämäläinen Minna , Pulkkinen Lea 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe participants (originally 196 boys and 173 girls) in an ongoing longitudinal study were examined using peer nomination and teacher rating at ages 8 and 14 years. Criminal records were collected at age 27 years. The results showed that (a) criminal offenses were best predicted if the accumulation of behavior problems over the school years was considered; (b) the risk for different types of offenses was highest for boys who exhibited escalating conduct problems and school failure over the school years; (c) norm-breaking behavior in early adolescence was strongly related to a propensity to later criminal offenses; (d) childhood aggressiveness did not predict arrests without the presence of other problems. When followed by norm-breaking in early adolescence, it predicted violent offenses, and when followed by poor school success, it predicted property offenses; (e) interestingly, low prosociality turned out to have a significant independent relationship to arrests; and (f) the distinction between an early-onset path and a late-onset path proved to be valid.
Troubled family interaction during toddlerhood
Authors: Belsky Jay , Woodworth Sharon , Crnic Keith 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTo examine the antecedents and consequences of troubled family interaction during the “terrible twos,” 64 of 69 families rearing firstborn sons who were observed in the child's second year of life were observed again in the child's third year. Cluster analysis of parent and child behavior scores was used once more to identify families whose parent-child interactions during parental efforts to control the child looked “troubled” at 27 and/or 33 months so that chronicity of troubled family interaction across the second and third year of life could be appraised. Nine predictor variables suggested by Belsky's model of the determinants of parenting, measured at the end of the first year of life, along with social class, were found to powerfully discriminate families that were troubled never or once from those who were troubled twice from those who were troubled three to four times across the four measurement occasions. Child externalizing problem behavior at 3 years of age was found to be almost monotonically related to chronicity of troubled family interaction, irrespective of whether problem behaviors were reported by mothers, fathers, or daycare providers.
Sexual abuse as a factor in child maltreatment by adolescent mothers of preschool aged children
Authors: Spieker Susan J. , Bensley Lillian , McMahon Robert J. , Fung Hellen , Ossiander Eric 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe examined the role of a history of sexual abuse as a predictor of child maltreatment by adolescent mothers in a prospective study of 104 mother-child dyads. Mothers were interviewed about any experienced abuse, and the mother-child dyads were observed in a teaching interaction and in the Strange Situation when the children were 1 year old. Three and a half years later, the mothers were interviewed about their Child Protective Service (CPS) contacts since the birth of their children. The percentage of mothers reporting CPS contacts for their own children was 15.4%, 38.5%, and 83.3%, respectively, for those mothers with no history of sexual abuse, a history of a single incident or brief duration of sexual abuse, and those mothers with a history of chronic sexual abuse (median 24 months duration; test of increasing trend significant atp< .000009). Mothers who reported having been chronically sexually abused as children were significantly more likely to have CPS contacts for their own children, after controlling for history of physical abuse, quality of early teaching interactions, and infant attachment security (both of which also predicted CPS contacts), race, IQ, welfare status at 1 year postpartum, and history of foster care.
Attachment and teacher-reported behavior problems during the preschool and early school-age period
Authors: Moss Ellen , Parent Sophie , Gosselin Catherine , Rousseau Denise , St-Laurent Diane 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe association between attachment and behavior problems was examined for a nonclinical, diverse sociocconomic status (SES) French-Canadian sample of 77 children. Attachment classifications were assigned on the basis of reunion behavior with mother when the children were between 5 and 7 years of age. Teachers rated children's problem behavior using the Socioaffective Profile within 3 months of the attachment assessment (Time 2) and 2 years earlier (Time 1). Results indicated that children with a D classification were more likely than secures or other insecure groups (A or C) to be classified in the problem group at both ages. A majority (80%) of the D group showed problem behavior at some point during the 3–7 year period compared with a minority of A, B, or C children. However, only about 30% of controlling children (like other insecures) had stable problems. Analyses of subclinical scores showed that both controlling and avoidant groups were lower than secures in social competence at Time 1. At Time 2, A group children were lower in externalizing behavior, and C group children were higher. These results extend the association between the D classification and maladaptation previously found for clinical and high-risk samples to a nonclinical, mixed SES sample.
Psychosocial correlates of dyslexia across the life span
Authors: Boetsch Elizabeth A. , Green Phyllis A. , Pennington Bruce F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis series of four studies examined the psychosocial functioning of children, adolescents, and adults with developmental dyslexia. One sample of nonreferred dyslexic and nondyslexic men, and three different samples of dyslexic and normally achieving control children and adolescents were studied. The child samples included both clinic-referred and nonreferred populations, and sibling and nonsibling control designs. Variables assessed included depressive and ADHD symptomatology, self-concept and, in the adult sample, socioeconomic status and other life adjustment variables.We found that, across three samples, children and adolescents report lower global self-worth and lower perceived competence in scholastic domains, more depressive symptomatology, and (both by self- and parent report) more ADHD symptomatology than normal achievers. In contrast, adult dyslexic men, while also perceiving themselves as less intelligent than their peers, reporting more generalized psychological distress, and showing less social mobility, were nonetheless comparable to their peers in terms of global self-worth, depressive symptomatology, and other indices of adult adjustment and satisfaction. Results are discussed in terms of a developmental “niche-finding” model, in which the shift into adult life may foster more constructive experiences and internal processes.
Early risk factors and pathways in the development of early disruptive behavior problems
Authors: Shaw Daniel S. , Owens Elizabeth B. , Vondra Joan I. , Keenan Kate , Winslow Emily B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study examined risk factors from infancy associated with the development of preschool disruptive behavior problems across child, parent, and sociodemographic domains. Risk factors that consistently were associated with the prediction of disruptive behavior at age 5 years included disorganized attachment classification at 12 months, and maternal personality risk and child-rearing disagreements during the second year. In addition, infants with disorganized attachment status at 12 months whose mothers perceived them as difficult in the second year showed significantly higher aggressive problems at age 5 years than those with only one of the two risk factors present. When pathways leading to clinically elevated aggression at age 5 were explored, infant disorganized attachment status, maternal personality risk, and child-rearing disagreements demonstrated equivalent predictive validity as child aggression assessed at age 3 years.
Early behavior problems: Pathways to mental disorders in adolescence
Authors: Egeland Byron , Pianta Robert , Ogawa John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFrom teachers' rating in kindergarten through third grade, mutually exclusive groups of internalized, externalized, and mixed behavior problems were examined as pathways to three groups of psychiatric diagnosis in later adolescence: depression/anxiety, conduct/oppositional defiant, and other disorders. In looking both forward and backwards, the relation between behavior problems in the early school years, regardless of type, and psychopathology in adolescence, regardless of diagnosis, was very strong. The relations between type of early problems and specific outcomes were weak. The findings provided support for both the constructs of multifinality and equifinality; however the nature of the pathways differed somewhat by disorder. There was a substantial amount of multifinality (dispersion of outcomes) for the early internalizing pathway. There was less multifinality for the externalizing pathway, in that there was greater correspondence between early externalizing and later antisocial outcomes than for the internalizing pathway and depressed/anxious outcomes.
Multiple pathways to self-reported depression and psychological adjustment among adolescents
Authors: Harter Susan , Whitesell Nancy R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study built upon earlier work documenting a theoretically derived model of four antecedents of depression, defined by a composite of global self-worth, affect (cheerful to depressed, and hope (hopefulness or hopelessness), among normative samples of adolescents. The four antecedents were: (a) perceived competence/adequacy in peer-salient domains (perceived appearance, peer likability, and athletic competence); (b) peer support; (c) perceived competence/adequacy in parent-salient domains (scholastic competence and behavioral conduct); and (d) parent support. However, not all components are observed in the profiles of individual adolescents. Thus, in this study, we examined the multiple pathways among those reporting depressive reactions (defined by the composite) as well as the different routes to positive adjustment, among those with high scores on the composite. Six profiles were identified among each group. For those reporting depressive reactions, perceived deficiencies in both peer- and parent-salient domains were particularly critical predictors. In contrast, for those reporting positive adjustment, peer and parent support were central components. The discussion emphasized the need to consider individual profile differences in planning interventions for adolescents at risk.
Other evidence for at least two alcoholisms II: Life course variation in antisociality and heterogeneity of alcoholic outcome
Authors: Zucker Robert A. , Ellis Deborah A. , Fitzgerald Hiram E. , Bingham C. Raymond , Sanford Keith 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWithin the framework of a cumulation/nesting theory for the emergence of adult psychopathology, a typing structure for alcoholism based upon variations in life course continuity of antisocial behavior over childhood and adulthood was examined for its ability to differentiate symptomatic and life history variations among alcoholic and nonalcoholic men accessed by way of a population-based recruitment strategy. Results supported the theory and identified two alcoholic types, one high on lifetime antisociality (antisocial alcoholic = AAL), the other low (nonantisocial alcoholic = NAAL), and a third nonalcoholic type with low lifetime antisociality. Types differed in age of onset, severity, number, and life course of alcohol problems, measures of social adaptation, amount and severity of other psychopathology, and salience of family history load of alcoholism. Antisociality and alcoholism tended to be nested characteristics.
Operations on records
Authors: Cardelli Luca , Mitchell John C. 
Published: March 2009

We define a simple collection of operations for creating and manipulating record structures, where records are intended as finite associations of values to labels. A second-order type system over these operations supports both subtyping and polymorphism. We provide typechecking algorithms and limited semantic models.Our approach unifies and extends previous notions of records, bounded quantification, record extension, and parametrization by row-variables. The general aim is to provide foundations for concepts found in object-oriented languages, within a framework based on typed lambda-calculus.
Admissible and derivable rules in intuitionistic logic
Authors: Rozière Paul 
Published: March 2009

This paper gives some sufficient conditions for admissible rules to be derivable in intuitionistic propositional calculus. For example, if the premises are Harrop formulas, the rule is admissible only if it is derivable.In deriving the results, a particular class of substitutes is introduced, which are also useful when dealing with other questions of admissibility.
Introduction to distributive categories
Authors: Cockett J. R. B. 
Published: March 2009

Distributive category theory is the study of categories with two monoidal structures, one of which “distributes” over the other in some manner. When these are the product and coproduct, this distribution is taken to be the lawwhich asserts that the obvious canonical map has an inverse. A distributive category is here taken to mean a category with finite products and binary coproducts such that this law is satisfied.In any distributive category the coproduct of the final object with itself, 1 + 1, forms a boolean algebra. Thus, maps into 1 + 1 provide a boolean logic: if each such map recognizes a unique subobject, the category is a recognizable distributive category. If, furthermore, the category is such that these recognizers classify detachable subobjects (coproduct embeddings), it is an extensive distributive category.Extensive distributive categories can be approached in various ways. For example, recognizable distributive categories, in which coproducts are disjoint or all preinitials are isomorphic, are extensive. Also, a category X having finite products and binary coproducts satisfying the slice equation (due to Schanuel and Lawvere) is extensive. This paper describes a series of embedding theorems. Any distributive category has a full faithful embedding into a recognizable distributive category. Any recognizable distributive category can be "solidified" faithfully to produce an extensive distributive category. Any extensive distributive category can be embedded into a topos.A peculiar source of extensive distributive categories is the coproduct completion of categories with familial finite products. In particular, this includes the coproduct completion of cartesian categories, which is serendipitously, therefore, also the distributive completion. Familial distributive categories can be characterized as distributive categories for which every object has a finite decomposition into indecomposables.
D-oids: a model for dynamic data-types
Authors: Astesiano Egidio , Zucca Elena 
Published: March 2009

We propose a semantic framework for dynamic systems, which, in a sense, extends the well-known algebraic approach for modelling static data structures to the dynamic case. The framework is based on a new mathematical structure, called a d-oid, consisting of a set of instant structures and a set of dynamic operations. An instant structure is a static structure, e.g. an algebra; a dynamic operation is a transformation of instant structures with an associated point to point map, which allows us to keep track of the transformations of single objects and thus is called a tracking map. By an appropriate notion of morphism, the d-oids over a dynamic signature constitute a category.It is shown that d-oids can model object systems and support an abstract notion of possibly unique object identity; moreover, for a d-oid satisfying an identity preserving condition, there exists an essentially equivalent d-oid where the elements of instant structures are just names.
Datatype laws without signatures
Authors: Fokkinga Maarten M. 
Published: March 2009

Using the well-known categorical notion of ‘functor’, one may define the concept of datatype (algebra) without being forced to introduce a signature (that is, names and typings for the individual sorts (types) and operations involved). This has proved to be advantageous for those theory developments where one is not interested in the syntactic appearance of an algebra.The categorical notion of ‘transformer’ developed in this paper allows the same approach to laws: without using signatures one can define the concept of law for datatypes (lawful algebras), and investigate the equational specification of datatypes in a syntax-free manner. A transformer is a special kind of functor and also a natural transformation on the level of dialgebras. Transformers are quite expressive, satisfy several closure properties, and are related to naturality and Wadler'' Theorems For Free Theorem. In fact, any colimit is an initial lawful algebra.
Reproducibility of food and nutrient intake estimates using a semi-quantitative FFQ in Australian adults
Authors: Ibiebele Torukiri I , Parekh Sanjoti , Mallitt Kylie-ann , Hughes Maria Celia , O’Rourke Peter K , Webb Penelope M ,   for the Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group and the Australian Cancer Study
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo assess the reproducibility of a 135-item self-administered semi-quantitative FFQ.DesignControl subjects who had previously completed an FFQ relating to usual dietary intake in a nationwide case–control study of cancer between November 2003 and April 2004 were randomly selected, re-contacted, and invited to complete the same FFQ a second time approximately one year later (between January and April 2005). Agreement between the two FFQ was compared using weighted kappa statistics and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for food groups and nutrients. Summary questions, included in the FFQ, were used to assess overall intakes of vegetables, fruits and meat.SettingGeneral community in Australia.SubjectsOne hundred men and women aged 22–79 years, randomly selected from the previous control population.ResultsThe weighted κ and ICC measures of agreement for food groups were moderate to substantial for seventeen of the eighteen food groups. For nutrients, weighted κ ranged from 0·44 for starch to 0·83 for alcohol while ICC ranged from 0·51 to 0·91 for the same nutrients. Estimates of meat, fruit and vegetable intake using summary questions were similar for both survey periods, but were significantly lower than estimates from summed individual food items.ConclusionsThe FFQ produced reproducible results and is reasonable in assessing the usual intake of various foods and nutrients among an Australian adult population.
The multidimensional background of malnutrition among rural older individuals in Bangladesh – a challenge for the Millennium Development Goal
Authors: Ferdous Tamanna , Kabir Zarina Nahar , Wahlin Åke , Streatfield Kim , Cederholm Tommy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the associations and relative impact of illness, socio-economic and social indicators for nutritional status among elderly persons in rural Bangladesh.DesignA multidisciplinary, cross-sectional study employing home interviews to collect information on demographic, socio-economic and social status; clinical examination to classify medical diagnoses; and Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) to assess the nutritional status of each participant.SettingMatlab, Bangladesh.SubjectsA total of 625 randomly selected individuals (≥60 years of age) participated in home interviews and 473 underwent clinical examination. Complete information on nutritional status was available for 457 individuals, median age 68 years, 55 % women.ResultsTwenty-six per cent of the elderly participants were undernourished and 62 % were at risk of malnutrition according to MNA. More than three-quarters of the participants had acute infections, 66 % suffered from chronic illnesses, 36 % had sensory impairments and 81 % were suffering from gastrointestinal disorders. Acute infections (P < 0·001), gastrointestinal disorders (P < 0·01), depressive symptoms (P < 0·001) and impaired cognitive function (P < 0·01) were significantly and independently associated with poorer nutritional status. Moreover, female gender (P < 0·05), having no income (P < 0·01), being illiterate (P < 0·01) and not receiving regular financial support (P < 0·05) were also independently associated with poor nutritional status.ConclusionsMalnutrition among elderly people in rural Bangladesh is associated with female gender, medical, psychological, socio-economic and social indicators. A multidimensional approach is probably needed to reduce undernutrition in older populations in low-income countries like Bangladesh.
Management of Adult Vocal Fold Nerve Injury
Authors: Woo Peak , Carroll Linda M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDiagnosis and management of nerve impairment in adults can be difficult due to the myriad of other diagnoses that must be considered. Accurate diagnosis of severity of a nerve impairment and determination of prognostic indicators for return of adequate function are paramount to best management. The strongest prognostic test of nerve function is electromyography. Team management by an otolaryngologist and speech-language pathologist of vocal fold paralysis needs to be sensitive to the patient's needs, both short-term and long-term. This article summarizes the current diagnostic tests and options. Case studies are included to guide the reader through team management and surgical options.
Comprehensive discard reconstruction and abundance estimation using flexible selectivity functions
Authors: Aarts G. , Poos J. J. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Aarts, G., and Poos, J. J. 2009. Comprehensive discard reconstruction and abundance estimation using flexible selectivity functions. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 763–771. The additional mortality caused by discarding may hamper the sustainable use of marine resources, especially if it is not accounted for in stock assessment and fisheries management. Generally, long and precise time‐series on age-structured landings exist, but historical discard estimates are often lacking or imprecise. The flatfish fishery in the North Sea is a mixed fishery targeting mainly sole and plaice. Owing to the gear characteristics and a minimum landing size for these species, considerable discarding occurs, especially for juvenile plaice. Discard samples collected by on-board observers are available since 1999 from a limited number of commercial fishing trips. Here, we develop a statistical catch-at-age model with flexible selectivity functions to reconstruct historical discards and estimate stock abundance. We do not rely on simple predefined selectivity ogives, but use spline smoothers to capture the unknown non-linear selectivity and discard patterns, and allow these to vary in time. The model is fitted to the age-structured landings, discards, and survey data, the most appropriate model is selected, and estimates of uncertainty are obtained.