bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Experience with gabapentin for neuropathic pain in adolescents: report of five cases
Authors: BUTKOVIC DIANA , TOLJAN SANJA , MIHOVILOVIC‐NOVAK BEATA 
Published: October 2005

SummaryGabapentin is an antiepileptic drug indicated for the treatment of partial seizures in children. Many studies have proved its analgesic action in the treatment of neuropathic pain in adults and we have noticed an analgesic action of gabapentin in neuropathic pain in children. Five patients treated in the Children's Hospital Pain Control Service for intractable neuropathic pain were included in gabapentin treatment. Four were cancer patients and one suffered from neuropathic pain in the neck (C3). The visual analog scale (VAS) scores of pain were compared before and during treatment with gabapentin. We noticed a rapid improvement, in 1 week, of our patients’ VAS scores (from 9 or 10 to 4 or 3) with minimal adverse effects. In the follow‐up period of 6 months we gradually reduced the dose of gabapentin. Our findings are that gabapentin should be included earlier in the treatment of neuropathic pain in adolescents, because it rapidly improves analgesia and has minimal side effects.
Use of dexmedetomidine in awake craniotomy in adolescents: report of two cases
Authors: EVERETT LUCINDA L. , VAN ROOYEN INGE F. , WARNER MOLLY H. , SHURTLEFF HILLARY A. , SANETO RUSSELL P. , OJEMANN JEFFREY G. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryAwake craniotomy is a key tool in resection of lesions near critical functional regions, particularly the speech area. Craniotomy with an awake portion for mapping may be performed in carefully selected adolescents and preteenaged children. A number of different regimens may be used for sedation and anesthesia in these cases. We describe two adolescent patients in whom awake craniotomy was performed using an intravenous anesthesia technique with dexmedetomidine and without need for airway instrumentation.
Postoperative morphine consumption in children with sickle‐cell disease
Authors: CRAWFORD MARK W. , GALTON SETH , NASER BASEM 
Published: October 2005

SummaryBackground : Effective pain control is a primary goal in the perioperative management of patients with sickle‐cell disease. To understand analgesic requirements better, the authors compared postoperative morphine consumption and pain scores in sickle and nonsickle children who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods : We reviewed the medical records of all sickle and nonsickle children referred to the Acute Pain Service of a tertiary care teaching hospital for patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) following laparoscopic cholecystectomy from 1996 to 2003. Data collected included postoperative morphine consumption, visual analogue pain scores, and perioperative outcome.Results : Total postoperative morphine consumption in sickle children (n = 12) (1.58 ± 0.78 mg·kg−1) was more than double when compared with nonsickle children (n = 10) (0.65 ± 0.32 mg·kg−1) (P < 0.005). Duration of PCA use among sickle children (51 ± 25 h) was more than double when compared with nonsickle children (21 ± 11 h) (P < 0.005). Sickle patients had greater pain scores in the initial 24 h after surgery (P < 0.05) and used more adjuvant analgesics (P < 0.05). Duration of postoperative hospital stay was 3.4 ± 1.6 days and 1.5 ± 0.5 days for sickle and nonsickle children, respectively (P < 0.005).Conclusions : Sickle children self‐administered more than double the amount of morphine, reported more intense pain, and remained hospitalized for more than twice as long as nonsickle children undergoing the same surgical procedure. These findings probably have a multifactorial origin, and might be attributable in part to alterations in pain perception, opioid pharmacokinetics, opioid tolerance, and psychosocial variables.
Video assisted fiberoptic intubation for temporomandibular ankylosis
Authors: KUNDRA PANKAJ , VASUDEVAN A. , RAVISHANKAR M. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryIn the era of fiberoptics, securing of the airway under general anesthesia in small children with temporomandibular joint ankylosis without a flexible pediatric fiberoptic endoscope requires considerable skill. We describe the use of an adult flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope with a video camera system to visualize the glottis from one nostril while the tracheal tube was passed from the other nostril.
Ascomycete communities in the rhizosphere of field‐grown wheat are not affected by introductions of genetically modified Pseudomonas putida WCS358r
Authors: Viebahn Mareike , Doornbos Rogier , Wernars Karel , Van Loon Leendert C. , Smit Eric , Bakker Peter A. H. M. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryA long‐term field experiment (1999–2002) was conducted to monitor effects on the indigenous microflora of Pseudomonas putida WCS358r and two transgenic derivatives constitutively producing phenazine‐1‐carboxylic acid (PCA) or 2,4‐diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). The strains were introduced as seed coating on wheat into the same field plots each year. Rhizosphere populations of ascomycetes were analysed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). To evaluate the significance of changes caused by the genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs), they were compared with effects caused by a crop rotation from wheat to potato. In the first year, only the combination of both GMMs caused a significant shift in the ascomycete community. After the repeated introductions this effect was no longer evident. However, cropping potato significantly affected the ascomycete community. This effect persisted into the next year when wheat was grown. Clone libraries were constructed from samples taken in 1999 and 2000, and sequence analysis indicated ascomycetes of common genera to be present. Most species occurred in low frequencies, distributed almost evenly in all treatments. However, in 1999 Microdochium occurred in relatively high frequencies, whereas in the following year no Microdochium species were detected. On the other hand, Fusarium‐like organisms were low in 1999, and increased in 2000. Both the DGGE and the sequence analysis revealed that repeated introduction of P. putida WCS358r had no major effects on the ascomycete community in the wheat rhizosphere, but demonstrated a persistent difference between the rhizospheres of potato and wheat.
Comparative in situ analysis of ipdC–gfpmut3 promoter fusions of Azospirillum brasilense strains Sp7 and Sp245
Authors: Rothballer Michael , Schmid Michael , Fekete Agnes , Hartmann Anton 
Published: October 2005

SummaryInoculation of wheat roots with Azospirillum brasilense results in an increase of plant growth and yield, which is proposed to be mainly due to the bacterial production of indole‐3‐acetic acid in the rhizosphere. Field inoculation experiments had revealed more consistent plant growth stimulation using A. brasilense strain Sp245 as compared with the strain Sp7. Therefore, the in situ expression of the key gene ipdC (indole‐3‐pyruvate decarboxylase) was examined in these two strains. Within the ipdC promoter of strain Sp245 a region of 150 bases was identified, which was missing in strain Sp7. Thus, three different translational ipdC promoter fusions with gfpmut3 were constructed on plasmid level: the first contained the part of the Sp245 promoter region homologous to strain Sp7, the second was bearing the complete promoter region of Sp245 including the specific insertion and the third comprised the Sp7 promoter region. By comparing the fluorescence levels of these constructs after growth on mineral medium with and without inducing amino acids, it could be demonstrated that ipdC expression in A. brasilense Sp245 was subject to a stricter control compared with strain Sp7. Microscopic detection of these reporter strains colonizing the rhizoplane documented for the first time an in situ expression of ipdC.
Occurrence and distribution of endobacteria in the plant‐associated mycelium of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N
Authors: Bertaux J. , Schmid M. , Hutzler P. , Hartmann A. , Garbaye J. , Frey‐Klett P. 
Published: October 2005

SummaryFluorescence in situ hybridization, associated with confocal laser scanning microscopy or epifluorescence microscopy with deconvolution system, has allowed the detection of a community of intracellular bacteria in non‐axenic samples of the ectomycorrhizal fungus Laccaria bicolor S238N. The endobacteria, mainly α‐proteobacteria, were present in more than half of the samples, which consisted of ectomycorrhizae, fungal mats and fruit bodies, collected in the glasshouse or in the forest. Acridine orange staining suggests that the endobacteria inhabit both live and dead fungal cells. The role of these endobacteria remains to be clarified.
Diversity of N‐acyl homoserine lactone‐producing and ‐degrading bacteria in soil and tobacco rhizosphere
Authors: D’Angelo‐Picard Cathy , Faure Denis , Penot Isabelle , Dessaux Yves 
Published: October 2005

SummaryIn Gram‐negative bacteria, quorum‐sensing (QS) communication is mostly mediated by N‐acyl homoserine lactones (N‐AHSL). The diversity of bacterial populations that produce or inactivate the N‐AHSL signal in soil and tobacco rhizosphere was investigated by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of amplified 16S DNA and DNA sequencing. Such analysis indicated the occurrence of N‐AHSL‐producing strains among the α‐, β‐ and γ‐proteobacteria, including genera known to produce N‐AHSL (Rhizobium, Sinorhizobium and Pseudomonas) and novel genera with no previously identified N‐AHSL‐producing isolates (Variovorax, Sphingomonas and Massilia). The diversity of N‐AHSL signals was also investigated in relation to the genetic diversity of the isolates. However, N‐AHSL‐degrading strains isolated from soil samples belonged to the Bacillus genus, while strains isolated from tobacco rhizospheres belonged to both the Bacillus genus and to the α subgroup of proteobacteria, suggesting that diversity of N‐AHSL‐degrading strains may be modulated by the presence of the tobacco plant. Among these rhizospheric isolates, novel N‐AHSL‐degrading genera have been identified (Sphingomonas and Bosea). As the first simultaneous analysis of both N‐AHSL‐degrading and ‐producing bacterial communities in a complex environment, this study revealed the coexistence of bacterial isolates, belonging to the same genus or species that may produce or degrade N‐AHSL.
Azospirillum brasilense does not affect population structure of specific rhizobacterial communities of inoculated maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Herschkovitz Yoav , Lerner Anat , Davidov Yaacov , Okon Yaacov , Jurkevitch Edouard 
Published: October 2005

SummaryPositive response of plant species to plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria have led to an increased interest in their use as bacterial inoculants. However, the introduction of exogenous bacteria into natural ecosystems may perturb bacterial populations within the microbial community and lead to the disruption of indigenous populations performing key functional roles. In this study the effect of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation on maize (Zea mays) rhizosphere Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, α‐Proteobacteria, Pseudomonas and Bdellovibrio spp. was assessed using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) approach in conjunction with group‐specific primers. The DGGE fingerprints analysis revealed that the introduction of A. brasilense did not alter or disrupt the microbial system at the group‐specific level. However, some communities such as the α‐Proteobacteria and Bdellovibrio were influenced by plant age while the other bacterial groups remained unaffected. Based on these as well as previous data, it can be inferred that inoculation with A. brasilense does not perturb the natural bacterial populations investigated.
Plasmid‐associated genes in the model micro‐symbiont Sinorhizobium meliloti 1021 affect the growth and development of young rice seedlings
Authors: Perrine Francine M. , Hocart Charles H. , Hynes Michael F. , Rolfe Barry G. 
Published: October 2005

Summary Sinorhizobium meliloti strain 1021 and its closely related strain Rm2011 inhibit rice seedling (Oryza sativa L. cv. Pelde) growth and development under certain rice‐growing conditions. Experiments showed that inoculation of seedlings with approximately less than 10 cells of 1021 was sufficient to cause this inhibition. By using a series of plasmid‐cured and plasmid‐deleted derivatives of Rm2011, it was found that interactions between genes encoded on pSymA, and possibly pSymB, of Rm2011, affected rice growth and development by affecting both/either the plant and/or the bacteria. Further studies found that genes potentially related to indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) synthesis and nitrate metabolism, encoded on pSymA, were involved in rice growth inhibition in Sm1021‐ and Sm2011‐treated rice seedlings. We conclude that the rice growth inhibition by S. meliloti Sm1021 is pSymA‐associated and is induced by environmental nitrate.
A molecular biological protocol to distinguish potentially human pathogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from plant‐associated Stenotrophomonas rhizophila
Authors: Ribbeck‐Busch Kathrin , Roder Anja , Hasse Dirk , De Boer Wietse , Martínez José Luis , Hagemann Martin , Berg Gabriele 
Published: October 2005

SummaryIn recent years, the importance of the Gram‐negative bacterium Stenotrophomonas as an opportunistic pathogen as well as in biotechnology has increased. The aim of the present study was to develop new methods for distinguishing between strains closely related to the potentially human pathogenic Stenotrophomonas maltophilia and those closely related to the plant‐associated Stenotrophomonas rhizophila. To accomplish this, 58 strains were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing and amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), and the occurrence of specific functional genes. Based on 16S rDNA sequences, an ARDRA protocol was developed which allowed differentiation between strains of the S. maltophilia and the S. rhizophila group. As it was known that only salt‐treated cells of S. rhizophila were able to synthesize the compatible solute glucosylglycerol (GG), the ggpS gene responsible for GG synthesis was used for differentiation between both species and it was confirmed that it only occurred in S. rhizophila strains. As a further genetic marker the smeD gene, which is part of the genes coding for the multidrug efflux pump SmeDEF from S. maltophilia, was used. Based on the results we propose a combination of fingerprinting techniques using the 16S rDNA and the functional genes ggpS and smeD to distinguish both Stenotrophomonas species.
The nodPQ genes in Azospirillum brasilense Sp7 are involved in sulfation of lipopolysaccharides
Authors: Vanbleu Els , Choudhury Biswa P. , Carlson Russell W. , Vanderleyden Jos 
Published: October 2005

SummaryHere we report on the presence of sulfated lipopolysaccharide molecules in Azospirillum brasilense, a plant growth‐promoting rhizosphere bacterium. Chemical analysis provided structural data on the O‐antigen composition and demonstrated the possible involvement of the nodPQ genes in O‐antigen sulfation.
REUSE OF SAMPLES: ETHICAL ISSUES ENCOUNTERED BY TWO INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS REVIEW COMMITTEES IN KENYA1
Authors: LANGAT SIMON K. 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTThere is growing concern about the reuse and exportation of biological materials (human tissues) for use in research worldwide. Most discussions about samples have taken place in developed countries, where genetic manipulation techniques have greatly advanced in recent years. There is very little discussion in developing countries, although collaborative research with institutions from developed countries is on the increase. The study sought to identify and describe ethical issues arising in the storage, reuse and exportation of samples in a developing country. Research protocols presented to two Ethics Review Committees in Kenya during a period of two years were reviewed. A record was made of the protocol title, sample collected, request for storage, reuse or exportation and whether or not subject consent was sought. The findings indicated that about 25% out of the 388 protocols sought permission for reuse and only half of those actually informed subjects of the contemplated re‐use. Less than 20% requested storage and again, about half of them sought consent from subjects. There is an indication that investigators do not see the need to seek consent for storage, reuse and exportation of samples. It is proposed that these issues should be addressed through policy interventions at both the national and global levels.
Monitoring Falls in Cohort Studies of Community‐Dwelling Older People: Effect of the Recall Interval
Authors: Ganz David A. , Higashi Takahiro , Rubenstein Laurence Z. 
Published: October 2005

Objectives: To determine whether the interval over which patients are asked to remember their falls affects fall reporting.Design: Systematic literature review.Setting: Community.Participants: Individuals being monitored for falls in prospective studies that asked participants to recall falls over varying intervals.Measurements: Sensitivity and specificity of retrospective recall compared with a criterion‐standard prospective assessment using some form of ongoing fall monitoring.Results: Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Recall of falls in the previous year was specific (specificity 91–95%) but less sensitive (sensitivity 80–89%) than the criterion standard of ongoing prospective collection of fall data using fall calendars or postcards. Patients with injurious falls were more likely to recall their falls. Lower Mini‐Mental State Examination score was associated with poorer recall of falls in the one study addressing this issue.Conclusion: Whenever accurate data on all falls are critical, such as with interventions to decrease the rate of falls, researchers should gather information on falls every week or every month from study participants. The optimal method of fall monitoring—postcard, calendar, diary, telephone, or some combination of these—remains unknown.
Cloning and sequencing of the cynomolgus monkey prostate specific antigen cDNA
Authors: Marshall Deborah J. , Rudnick Kelly A. , Lu Jin , Snyder Linda A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is an invaluable tumor marker for the detection of early prostate cancer, and can be a target for active immunotherapy of prostate cancer. We wanted to assess the usefulness of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) as a relevant animal model to evaluate PSA‐specific therapies.Methods RNA was isolated from the prostate of cynomolgus monkeys, and PSA gene products were amplified by reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction using primers from conserved regions of human and rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) PSA genes. These amplified products were then sequenced.Results The cynomolgus PSA amino acid sequence is 89.7% identical to the human PSA gene, and 99.2% identical to the rhesus PSA amino acid sequence. Like the human and rhesus PSA genes, an open‐reading frame of 261 amino acids was identified for the cynomolgus gene. Expression of the cynomolgus PSA gene appears to be restricted to the prostate, as it is in humans.Conclusions The high identity between human and cynomolgus PSA sequences suggests that the cynomolgus monkey should be studied further for its potential as a large animal model to evaluate PSA‐specific therapies.
Comparison of BMP‐2 and ‐4 for rat mandibular bone regeneration at various doses1
Authors: Arosarena O , Collins W 
Published: October 2005

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Arosarena O, Collins WObjective –  To compare mandibular bone regeneration with bone morphogenetic proteins‐2 and ‐4 (BMP‐2 and ‐4) at varying doses.Study Design –  Defects were created in the left hemi‐mandibles of 82 Sprague–Dawley rats. The defects were filled with a hyaluronic acid polymer loaded with 0.01, 0.1, 1, or 10 μg of BMP‐2 or ‐4. Control groups consisted of animals with unfilled defects, or with defects filled with the hyaluronic acid sponges loaded with growth factor dilution buffer. Animals were killed after 8 weeks, and the hemi‐mandibles were analyzed histologically using stereologic techniques.Results –  Mandibles implanted with carriers containing 10 μg of BMP‐2 or ‐4 differed significantly from controls in terms of new bone area (p = 0.01 and p = 0.0001, respectively). Marrow space development occurred in a dose‐dependent fashion (p < 0.0001 for both growth factors), and this effect was more pronounced for BMP‐2 at larger doses (p < 0.0001 at 1 and 10 μg doses). New bone areas and volumes did not differ significantly between the growth factors. While defects implanted with BMP‐4 tended to have thicker cortical bone and more trabecular bone, at least partial defect bridging was achieved in a greater number of defects implanted with BMP‐2 (47%) than with BMP‐4 (35%).Conclusion –  Although similar areas and volumes of new bone were induced with BMP‐2 and ‐4, differences were noted in the quality of bone generated with each growth factor. The results indicate a threshold dose for acute administration between 1 and 10 μg BMP‐2 for bony union in this model, and ≥10 μg for BMP‐4.Significance –  These findings suggest that differences in bone growth factor osteogenic potential deserve further study and may have an impact on the translation of osteoinductive protein therapy into clinical practice.
Current concepts in periodontal bioengineering
Authors: Taba M , Jin Q , Sugai JV , Giannobile WV 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAuthors –  Taba Jr M, Jin Q, Sugai JV, Giannobile WVRepair of tooth supporting alveolar bone defects caused by periodontal and peri‐implant tissue destruction is a major goal of reconstructive therapy. Oral and craniofacial tissue engineering has been achieved with limited success by the utilization of a variety of approaches such as cell‐occlusive barrier membranes, bone substitutes and autogenous block grafting techniques. Signaling molecules such as growth factors have been used to restore lost tooth support because of damage by periodontal disease or trauma. This paper will review emerging periodontal therapies in the areas of materials science, growth factor biology and cell/gene therapy. Several different polymer delivery systems that aid in the targeting of proteins, genes and cells to periodontal and peri‐implant defects will be highlighted. Results from preclinical and clinical trials will be reviewed using the topical application of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP‐2 and BMP‐7) and platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB (PDGF) for periodontal and peri‐implant regeneration. The paper concludes with recent research on the use of ex vivo and in vivo gene delivery strategies via gene therapy vectors encoding growth promoting and inhibiting molecules (PDGF, BMP, noggin and others) to regenerate periodontal structures including bone, periodontal ligament and cementum.
Neue und etablierte Indikationen der UV‐B‐311‐nm‐Phototherapie
Authors: Berneburg Mark , Brod Corinna , Benedix Frauke , Röcken Martin 
Published: October 2005

ZusammenfassungUV‐B‐Breitband‐Phototherapie (280 – 320 nm) stellt eine effektive und sichere Therapiemöglichkeit für zahlreiche entzündliche Erkrankungen der Haut dar. Neben der UVB‐Breitband‐Phototherapie hat insbesondere die UV‐B‐Schmalspektrum‐Therapie, mit einem Emissionsspektrum zwischen 310 – 315 nm, für die Behandlung der Psoriasis, der atopischen Dermatitis und der Vitiligo zunehmend an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die UV‐B‐Schmalspektrumphototherapie, auch als UV‐B‐311‐nm‐Phototherapie bezeichnet, hat sich in den letzten Jahren auch bei weiteren Erkrankungen, wie Mycosis fungoides, polymorpher Lichtdermatose, Pruritus und GvHD, als effektiv erwiesen. Die unterschiedlichen Effekte der Schmalspektrum‐UV‐B‐Therapie im Vergleich zu anderen etablierten Phototherapien sowie neue und etablierte Indikationen werden in diesem Artikel diskutiert.