bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of novel hybrid thermoplastic poly(ether urethane)/poly(vinylidene fluoride) elastomers, and their application as solid polymer electrolytes
Authors: Lin Ye , Qian Qin , Zeng‐Guo Feng , Xiao‐Wen Zhang , Ying Bai , Feng Wu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA comb‐like polyether, poly(3‐2‐[2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxymethyl‐3′‐methyloxetane) (PMEOX), was reacted with hexamethylene diisocyanate and extended with butanediol in a one‐pot procedure to give novel thermoplastic elastomeric poly(ether urethane)s (TPEUs). The corresponding hybrid solid polymer electrolytes were fabricated through doping a mixture of TPEU and poly(vinylidene fluoride) with three kinds of lithium salts, LiClO4, LiBF4 and lithium trifluoromethanesulfonimide (LiTFSI), and were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The ionic conductivity of the resulting polymer electrolytes was then assessed by means of AC impedance measurements, which reached 2.1 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C and 1.7 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C when LiTFSI was added at a ratio of O:Li = 20. These values can be further increased to 3.5 × 10−4 S cm−1 at 30 °C and 2.2 × 10−3 S cm−1 at 80 °C by introducing nanosized SiO2 particles into the polymer electrolytes. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
cTrans: Generating polypeptide databases from cDNA sequences
Authors: Xu Haibin , Yang Liming , Xu Pei , Tao Ye , Ma Zhengqiang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractcTrans is a comprehensive utility used to generate polypeptide databases from cDNA sequences. The goal is achieved through integrating four main functions, including retrieving sequences of species of interest from the downloaded packages from dbEST of GenBank, format conversion, checking and deleting vector and adaptor contamination, and translating the cDNA sequences in all six frames and selecting specific translations for database construction in a user‐defined length threshold. In addition, this utility is also applicable to cDNA sequences produced by users themselves.
Expert system for fire and reactivity MSDS text
Authors: Prine B. , Kalos A. , Powers J.B. , Kalnins R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractManaging comprehensive and consistent material safety data sheet (MSDS) content for thousands of different chemical products is a significant challenge for any corporation. For a multinational company, the hazard information for each product should be consistent, no matter where it is sold. This paper will focus on one approach that has been successfully used to achieve this goal for the topics of fire and reactivity hazards.This paper discusses the development of an expert system to assist with the selection of fire and reactivity statements. The selection process is dependent upon the physical properties of the material as well as thermal stability and chemical reactivity information. In this paper, milestones in the development of this approach will be reviewed in addition to desirable features of expert system shells. The key properties used in the evaluations for each major topic are listed. Lessons learned from developing this approach are summarized and a few examples of topics triggered by selected properties are presented. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2007
Antiproliferative Effect of Furanocoumarins from the Root of Angelica dahurica on Cultured Human Tumor Cell Lines
Authors: Kim Young‐Kyoon , Kim Young Sup , Ryu Shi Yong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA bioassay‐guided fractionation of the root extract of Angelica dahurica (Umbelliferae) led to the isolation of six furanocoumarins as active ingredients responsible for the antitumoral property. The hexane soluble part of the extract demonstrated a signicant inhibition on the proliferation of cultured human tumor cells such as A549 (non small cell lung), SK‐OV‐3 (ovary), SK‐MEL‐2 (melanoma), XF498 (central nervous system) and HCT‐15 (colon) in vitro, whereas the remaining water soluble part exhibited poor inhibition. Intensive investigation of the hexane soluble part of the extract yielded six furanocoumarins, i.e. isoimperatorin, cnidicin, imperatorin, oxypeucedanin, byakangelicol, oxypeucedanin hydrate, all of which exhibited a signicant inhibition on cell proliferation in a dose‐dependent manner. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topiramate reduces ethanol consumption by C57BL/6 mice
Authors: Nguyen Shaun A. , Malcolm Robert , Middaugh Lawrence D. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackground: Previous reports indicate that topiramate (TPM) might be an effective treatment for alcohol dependence, perhaps due to a decrease alcohol's rewarding effects resulting from inhibition mesocorticolimbic dopamine (DA) release. Additional reports indicate that TPM antagonizes chronic changes induced by alcohol at the α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methylisoxazole‐4‐propionic acid (AMPA) and kainate receptors. In the present study, a C57BL/6 (B6) murine model (n = 40) was used to evaluate the effect of TPM on the consumption of 12% alcohol over a 21‐h period. Methods: TPM (0, 10, 30, 90 mg/kg) injected subcutaneously into B6 mice 60 min prior to access to a 12% ethanol solution (v/v) over 8 days produced dose‐responsive reduction in consumption during the first 2‐h period after injection. Results: Across the 8 days of treatment ethanol intake (g/kg) for SAL, T10, T30, and T90, respectively, was 1.34, 1.03, 0.72, and 0.67. This reduction appears to require systemically available TPM since it was not statistically supported when assessed over the entire 21‐h period of ethanol availability. None of the TPM doses affected food consumption or body weight, and T90 dose did not reduce motor activity either by itself or in combination with ethanol. Conclusions: Unlike previous experiments using the same B6 mouse model to assess naltrexone or tiagabine, there was no evidence that mice developed tolerance to the TPM‐induced reductions in ethanol consumption. Thus, in the B6 mouse, TPM reduced ethanol intake at doses with no readily apparent adverse side effects, an effect consistent with recent clinical reports. Additional study will be directed toward characterizing TPM as a treatment for alcohol dependence. Synapse 61:150–156, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The phospholipid composition of pig lung surfactant
Authors: Body D. R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSurface active material (surfactant), which contained 80% lipid material, was isolated from pig lungs by the saline perfusion procedure. The lipids were analyzed by column, thin layer and paper chromatography, followed by gas liquid chromatography to determine the fatty acid composition of the major phospholipid fractions. It was found that this pig lung surfactant contained the phospholipid constituents known to be present in mammalian tissues and in addition, phosphatidylglycerol (1.5%) and lyso‐bisphosphatidic acid (2.0%) were also found. These two components occurred in higher proportions in the surfactant lipids than in the lipids of the whole lung tissues.
Determination ofcis andtrans in monoene and diene fatty esters by gas chromatography
Authors: Emken E. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA GC method has been developed for quantitative determination of thecis andtrans content in monoene and diene C18 fatty esters. In order to achieve separation of thecis‐ andtrans‐monoene and diene isomers, the fatty esters are first epoxidized with peracetic acid. The epoxidation procedure is simple and stereoselective. Positional and geometric isomerization of the double bond does not occur. The GC analysis requires no exotic equipment, reagents or techniques and utilizes standard columns packed with EGSS‐X. Satisfactory analyses were obtained for synthetic mixtures containing oleate‐elaidate andtrans,trans‐, cis,trans‐ andcis,cis‐dienes.
Sterols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, and fatty acids of a nonphotosynthetic diatom,Nitzschia alba
Authors: Tornabene T. G. , Kates M. , Volcani B. E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe unsaponifiable lipids and total fatty acids of a nonphotosynthetic diatom,Nitzschia alba, have been examined. The major fatty acids were found to be 14∶0, 16∶0, 18∶1, and 20∶5; small amounts of 15∶0, 16∶1, 18∶0, 18∶2, 18∶3, and 20∶4 acids also were present. The unsaponifiable lipids consisted mostly of sterols, with only traces (<0.1%) of hydrocarbons (chiefly C16, C18, and C28 normal olefins). The sterols contained brassicasterol (major) and clionasterol (minor), as well as traces of an unidentified sterol; clionasterol was present only in glycosidically bound form.
The relationship between eosinophilic leukocytes and phospholipase B activity in some rat tissues
Authors: Ottolenghi Athos 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSpleen, peritoneal fluid, uterus and bone marrow of the rat have been studied for their content in phospholipase B (E.C. 3.1.1.5) and the presence of eosinophilic leukocytes. A close correlation has been found between cell counts performed on fixed and stained histological sections or cell suspensions and enzymatic activity of the same preparations. Equivalent values of phospholipase B activity per unit cell are found in spleen, uterus and peritoneal fluid. A lower average value is indicated for the bone marrow eosinophils. A tentative explanation for this discrepancy is offered on the basis of histochemical evidence showing that a fraction of the eosinophilic cells do not stain for phospholipase B activity. The number of these cells is approximately equal to that of the precursor immature cells of the eosinophilic leukocyte system. The evidence indicates that in normal conditions a major portion, if not all, of the phospholipase B activity of the organs studied is contributed by the eosinophilic leukocytes present in the tissue.
Variation of triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters in silkworm eggs during embryonic development
Authors: Suzuki Mieko , Kobayashi Masatoshi , Kekawa Nobuo I. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractNeutral lipid composition of silkworm eggs showed remarkable differences with stages of embryonic development, such as one day after oviposition, diapausing, before incubation and before hatching. Large amounts of fatty acid methyl esters were found in lipids of eggs just before hatching, and fatty acid compositions in both triglycerides and fatty acid methyl esters varied with the lapse of time of the embryonic development. Polyunsaturated fatty acids were present in large amounts in fatty acid methyl ester fractions from eggs just before hatching and absent in those from diapausing and 1 day old eggs, while a large amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids was present in triglycerides in diapausing and 1 day old eggs and only small amounts were present in eggs just before hatching. The methyl esters were not formed as artifacts from free fatty acids and glycerides in silkworm lipids during the extraction procedure.
Accumulation of acidic phospholipids in a case of hyperlipidemia with hepatosplenomegaly
Authors: Yamamoto Akira , Adachi Susumu , Ishibe Takeshi , Shinji Yoshitake , Kaki‐Uchi Yoshiyuki , Seki Ko‐Ichi , Kitani Teruo 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe results of studies made on an adult patient with hepatosplenomegaly, hyperlipidemia and accumulation of acidic phospholipids in the liver are presented. Storage of a lipoid substance was demonstrated histologically in lymph nodes, the liver and the bone marrow. Lipid analysis of the biopsy specimen from the liver revealed marked elevations of free cholesterol and two classes of acidic phospholipids: phosphatidyl inositol and another one which was tentatively identified as lysobisphosphatidic acid. Electron microscopic examination showed cytoplasmic inclusions with concentrically laminated structure.
Enzymatic hydrolysis of 1‐monoacyl‐SN‐glycerol‐3‐phosphorylcholine (1‐lysolecithin) by phospholipases from peanut seeds
Authors: Strauss H. , Gershon Z. Leibovitz‐Ben , Heller M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHydrolysis of 1‐lysolecithin (1‐acyl glycerophosphorylcholine [1‐acyl GPC]) by preparations of phospholipase D from peanut seeds was investigated. 1‐Lysolecithin was hydrolyzed at a much slower rate than phosphatidylcholine (lecithin). Although Ca+2 ions are required for the cleavage of lecithin by the enzyme, their effect on the hydrolysis of lysolecithin depended upon the concentrations of the substrate: at 0.2 mM 1‐lysolecithin, Ca+2 ions increased the reaction rates, whereas at concentrations of the substrate lower than 0.1 mM, Ca+2 ions were inhibitory. A broad pH activity curve between 5 and 8 was obtained with higher rates in the alkaline range, both in the absence and presence of Ca+2 ions. The increased hydrolysis of lysolecithin due to Ca+2 was noticed over the entire pH range. Upon storage of the enzyme solutions at 4 C, decreased rates of hydrolysis of lecithin were observed, with t 1/2 values of ca. 50 and 100 days depending on the purity of the preparation. During the same period, no reduction occurred in the activity of these preparations on lysolecithin as substrate. The effects of Ca+2 ions and the analysis of the products of 1‐acyl GPC cleavage by the enzyme preparations revealed by the enzyme preparations revealed the presence of more than one enzyme and the formation of the following compounds: lysophosphatidic acids (1 acyl glycerophosphoric acids), free fatty acids, glycerophosphorylcholine, and choline. The possible pathways leading to the degradation of lysolecithin and the formation of these products include reactions catalyzed by lysophospholipase A1 (lysophosphatidylcholine 1‐acyl hydrolase, E.C. 3.1.1.5) and a phosphodiesterase (L‐3‐glycerylphosphorylcholine glycerophosphohydrolase, E.C. 3.1.4.2), in addition to phospholipase D (phosphatidylcholine phosphatidohydrolase, E.C. 3.1.4.4).
Glycosphingolipids of human plasma lipoproteins
Authors: Chatterjee Subroto , Kwiterovich Peter O. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe content and structure of glycosphingolipids (GSL) in human plasma lipoproteins were studies. The quantitative distribution of the neutral GSL(Glc‐Cer, Gal‐Glc‐Cer, Gal‐Gal‐Glc‐Cer, and GalNAc‐Gal‐Gal‐Glc‐Cer) and the principal ganglioside (AcNeu‐Gal‐Glc‐Cer) within the different lipoprotein classes was similar to that of whole plasma. The total amounts (μmol glucose/100 ml plasma) of GSL in the plasma lipoproteins of three normal subjects were VLDL (very low density lipoproteins) (trace to 0.46), LDL (low density lipoproteins) (1.08–1.48), HDL2 (high density lipoproteins2) (0.62–0.85), and HDL3 (high density lipoproteins3) (trace to 0.28). In subjects with Lp(a) lipoproteins, HDL2 rather than HDL3 contained most of the GSL in HDL. When the data were corrected for differences in the plasma concentrations of the lipoproteins, the total amounts of GSL(nmol glucose/mg lipoprotein cholesterol) were VLDL(trace to 21.20), LDL(11.70–15.36), HDL2(8.50–9.10), and HDL3(3.12). No GSL were detected in lipoprotein deficient plasma. Mass spectrometry of the trimethylsilyl derivatives of the GSL in LDL showed major fragment ions characteristic of their individual structural components. The elevated plasma levels of the GSL(2–18 fold), in a homozygote for familial hypercholesterolemia, resided in LDL which contained an absolute increase (per mg lipoprotein cholesterol) of GSL. Most, if not all, of the plasma GSL are associated with plasma lipoproteins and may have an important role in their biological functions.
A radical scavenging reaction of α‐tocopherol with methyl radical
Authors: Urano Shiro , Matsuo Mitsuyoshi 
Published: December 2006

AbstractTo study a radical scavenging reaction of α‐tocopherol, it was reacted with methyl radical in dimethyl sulfoxide. Two main products, a geminal dimethyl cyclohexadienone and methyl ether of α‐tocopherol, were obtained and these structures were determined by13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The radical methylation data of α‐tocopherol suggested that a delocalized radical species would be an intermediate.
Quantitative determination of organic solvent soluble lipofuscin pigments in tissues
Authors: Csallany A. Saari , Ayaz K. Lund 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLipofuscin pigment determination in tissue extracts was quantitated by the use of its property of fluorescence. Chloroform: methanol tissue extracts were purified on Sephadex LH‐20 columns before quantitative fluorescence measurements of the lipofuscin pigments. Interfering compounds separated by chromatography were retinol and a lower mol wt fluorescent compound. Irradiation of tissue extracts with ultraviolet light was not sufficient to eliminate the interference caused by retinol and the lower mol wt compound. Purified lipofuscin pigments from blood, lung, liver, spleen, brain, heart, and kidney tissues demonstrated distinct fluorescent emission maximum at 435 nm and excitation maxima between 345 and 350 nm.
Effect of lactation on lipolysis in rat adipose tissue
Authors: Smith R. W. , Walsh Ann 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids and glycerol in rat parametrial adipose tissue increased at peak lactation. Adipose tissue from lactating rats showed higher rates of release of nonesterified fatty acids and glycerol when incubated in vitro than did tissue from nonlactating rats, but there was a substantial increase in the esterification of fatty acids during involution. These results support earlier evidence that fat reserves were mobilized during lactation.
Syntheses of tetra‐ and hexadeuterated octadecenoates
Authors: Dejarlais W. J. , Emken E. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA study of the metabolism in man ofcis andtrans monoenoic acids required the synthesis of tetra‐ and hexadeutero‐9‐octadecenoates. Preparation of methyl 9‐octadecenoate‐8,8,11,11‐d4 (90 mol % deuterium) by the Wittig reaction was accompanied by deuterium scattering with sodium methoxide as the base but not with alkyllithium. Scattering occurred in both the aldehyde and phosphorane moieties only when the aldehyde contained deuterium on the alpha carbon. Methyl 9‐octadecenoate‐8,8,13,13,14‐14‐d6 (98 mol % deuterium) was also prepared by the Wittig reaction. The deuterated octadecenoates were formed principally ascis isomers. Thetrans isomers were produced by nitrogen oxide isomerization and separation on a silver ion column.
Phospholipid composition ofCulex quinquefasciatus andCulex tritaeniorhynchus cells in logarithmic and stationary growth phases
Authors: Jenkin H. M. , McMeans E. , Anderson L. E. , Yang T. K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCulex quinquefasciatus andCulex tritaeniorhynchus cells were grown in spinner culture and harvested in logarithmic and stationary phases of growth. The phospholipids were extracted from the cells, and the fatty acid profiles of the phospholipid classes were determined and compared. The major components were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, constituting≥80% of the phospholipid. The fatty acid profiles of lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, and cardiolipin showed changes with aging of the Culex cells and between the species. In the lysophosphatidylcholine fraction, there was an increase in saturation of the fatty acids of theC. quinquefasciatus cells, and chain lengthening occurred in both species from the logarithmic to stationary phases of growth. In the phosphatidylinositiol fraction, both Culex species showed a decrease in monoenes and an increase in polyenes, while only theC. tritaeniorhynchus cells showed an increase in fatty acid chain length with aging. TheC. quinquefasciatus cells had an increase in polyenes with aging in the cardiolipin fraction. Differences in the percentage composition of the fatty acids were shown in all the phospholipid fractions between the Culex species in the logarithmic phase of growth and all except the phosphatidylinositiol and cardiolipin fractions in the stationary phase.
Oleic and vaccenic acid levels in lipid classes of tumors
Authors: Wood Randall 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe isomeric octadecenoate composition of triglyceride, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine classes from a variety of rat and mouse tumors was examined. Phosphatidylethanolamine from the tumors contained a higher percentage of octadecenoate than reported for many normal tissues. The octadecenoate fractions of the three lipid classes from various tumors consisted of ca. 75% or greater oleate, with vaccenate making up the balance. These data indicate that the loss of lipid class specificity for isomeric octadecenoates reported in hepatomas (Lipids 10∶746, 1975, andLipids 9∶987, 1974) also occurs in other tumors.
Formation oftrans‐12,13‐epoxy‐9‐hydroperoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acid from 13‐L‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid catalyzed by either a soybean extract or cysteine‐FeC13
Authors: Gardner H. W. , Weisleder D. , Kleiman R. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA soybean extract or an ethanolic solution of cysteine and ferric chloride catalyzed the conversion of 13‐L‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecadienoic acid to numerous products among which wastrans‐12,13‐epoxy‐9‐hydroperoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acid. When this fatty acid was treated further with the cysteine‐ferric chloride solution, 9‐hydroxy‐12,13‐epoxy‐10‐octadecenoic and 9‐oxo‐12,13‐epoxy‐10‐octadecenoic acids were formed. Thus,trans‐12,13‐epoxy‐9‐hydroperoxy‐trans‐10‐octadecenoic acid probably is an intermediate in the formation of the latter two compounds. Additionally, theerythro andthreo isomers oftrans‐12,13‐epoxy‐11‐hydroperoxy‐cis‐9‐octadecenoic acid tenatatively were identified as products.
Reaction between peroxidized phospholipid and protein: I. Covalent binding of peroxidized cardiolipin to albumin
Authors: Nielsen Henning 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA system is described for study of the reaction of peroxidized cardiolipin (diphosphatidylglycerol) with albumin. Covalent binding of peroxidized cardiolipin to albumin occurs in this system as evidenced partly by a decrease in lipid‐extractable P and partly by lipid P being inseparable from the albumin by gel filtration in the presence of a detergent (sodium deoxycholate) under conditions known to separate the lipid moiety and apoprotein of lipoproteins. Based on analyses of the decrease in lipid‐extractable P, the average number of cardiolipin molecules bound covalently per molecule of albumin is about 5 when peroxidized cardiolipin (4 moles O2/mol cardiolipin) at about 10 times molar excess is allowed to react with albumin. However, the data of the gel filtration experiment indicate that the bound peroxidized cardiolipin molecules may not be evenly distributed on the albumin molecules. Therefore, the number of cardiolipin molecules bound per albumin molecule may actually vary over a range and be considerably higher for part of the albumin. The findings have been discussed in relation to peroxidation in vivo.
Occurrence of dolichol in human tissues
Authors: Rupar C. A. , Carroll K. K. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe concentration of dolichol has been determined in various human tissues obtained at autopsy. The highest levels (∼3000 μg/g wet weight) were found in testes. Liver and several other endocrine tissues contained about 1000 μg/g. Lower levels were present in other tissues examined. Only a small proportion of the total dolichol in human tissues was esterified to fatty acids.
Origin of the high saturated fatty acid content of rat fecal lipids
Authors: Grigor M. R. , Dunckley G. G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids and the preferential absorption of unsaturated fatty acids over long chain saturated fatty acids from the gut have been investigated to find the origin of the high saturated fatty acid content of the facal lipids of rats fed soybean oil. Label from dietary (1‐14C)‐linoleic acid was recovered in the saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids of the fecal lipid. However, when (9,10‐3H)‐stearic acid and (1‐14C)‐linoleic acid were fed together, the isotope ratio (3H/14C) of the fecal lipid was 1.9 times that of the diet. It is concluded that both processes occur.