bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aripiprazole monotherapy in acute mania: 12-week randomised placebo- and haloperidol-controlled study
Authors: Young Allan H. , Oren Dan A. , Lowy Adam , McQuade Robert D. , Marcus Ronald N. , Carson William H. , Spiller Nina H. , Torbeyns Anne F. , Sanchez Raymond 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundWell-tolerated and effective therapies for bipolar mania are required.AimsTo evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of aripiprazole as acute and maintenance of effect therapy in patients with bipolar I disorder experiencing manic or mixed episodes.MethodPatients were randomised to double-blind aripiprazole (15 or 30 mg/day; n=167) placebo (n=153) or haloperidol (5–15 mg/day, n=165) for 3 weeks (trial registration NCT00097266). Aripiprazole- and haloperidol-treated patients remained on masked treatment for 9 additional weeks.ResultsMean change in Young Mania Rating Scale Total score (primary end-point) at week 3 was significantly greater with aripiprazole (–12.0; P<0.05) and haloperidol (–12.8; P<0.01) than with placebo (–9.7). Improvements were maintained to week 12 for aripiprazole (–17.2) and haloperidol (–17.8). Aripiprazole was well tolerated. Extrapyramidal adverse events were more frequent with haloperidol than aripiprazole (53.3% v. 23.5%).ConclusionsClinical improvements with aripiprazole were sustained to week 12. Aripiprazole was generally well tolerated.
Family participation in treatment, post-discharge appointment and medication adherence at a Nigerian psychiatric hospital
Authors: Adeponle Ademola B. , Thombs Brett D. , Adelekan Moruf L. , Kirmayer Laurence J. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIn low-income countries, clinicians must seek strategies to improve treatment adherence that are non-resource intensive and easily integrated into existing treatment structures. We conducted a prospective observational cohort study to investigate the relationship of family engagement in treatment during hospitalisation with post-discharge appointment and medication adherence in 81 patients from a Nigerian psychiatric hospital. After controlling for gender, diagnosis, mental state at discharge, and marital status, family involvement was significantly associated with appointment (P=0.047) but not medication adherence (P=0.590). Studies are needed to determine whether interventions based on engaging families in treatment can improve post-discharge adherence in this setting.
Excess mortality, causes of death and prognostic factors in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Papadopoulos Fotios C. , Ekbom Anders , Brandt Lena , Ekselius Lisa 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundAnorexia nervosa is a mental disorder with high mortality.AimsTo estimate standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) and to investigate potential prognostic factors.MethodSix thousand and nine women who had in-patient treatment for anorexia nervosa were followed-up retrospectively using Swedish registers.ResultsThe overall SMR for anorexia nervosa was 6.2 (95% CI 5.5– 7.0). Anorexia nervosa, psychoactive substance use and suicide had the highest SMR. The SMR was significantly increased for almost all natural and unnatural causes of death. The SMR 20 years or more after the first hospitalisation remained significantly high. Lower mortality was found during the last two decades. Younger age and longer hospital stay at first hospitalisation was associated with better outcome, and psychiatric and somatic comorbidity worsened the outcome.ConclusionsAnorexia nervosa is characterised by high lifetime mortality from both natural and unnatural causes. Assessment and treatment of psychiatric comorbidity, especially alcohol misuse, may be a pathway to better long-term outcome.
SUMO-Specific Protease 1 (SENP1) Reverses the Hormone-Augmented SUMOylation of Androgen Receptor and Modulates Gene Responses in Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Kaikkonen Sanna , Jääskeläinen Tiina , Karvonen Ulla , Rytinki Miia M. , Makkonen Harri , Gioeli Daniel , Paschal Bryce M. , Palvimo Jorma J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe acceptor sites for small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) are conserved in the N-terminal domains of several nuclear receptors. Here, we show that androgens induce rapid and dynamic conjugation of SUMO-1 to androgen receptor (AR). Nuclear import of AR is not sufficient for SUMOylation, because constitutively nuclear apo-ARs or antagonist-bound ARs are only very weakly modified by SUMO-1 in comparison with agonist-bound ARs. Of the SUMO-specific proteases (SENP)-1, -2, -3, -5, and -6, only SENP1 and SENP2 are efficient in cleaving AR-SUMO-1 conjugates in intact cells and in vitro. Both SENP1 and -2 are nuclear and found at sites proximal to AR. Their expression promotes AR-dependent transcription, but in a promoter-selective fashion. SENP1 and -2 stimulated the activity of holo-AR on compound androgen response element-containing promoters. The effects of SENP1 and -2 on AR-dependent transcription were dependent on catalytic activity and required intact SUMO acceptor sites in AR, indicating that their coactivating effects are mainly due to their direct isopeptidase activity on holo-AR. In prostate cancer cells, ectopic expression of SENP1, but not that of SENP2, increased the transcription activity of endogenous AR. Silencing of SENP1 attenuated the expression of several AR target genes and blunted androgen-stimulated growth of LNCaP cells. Our results indicate that SENP1 reverses the ligand-induced SUMOylation of AR and helps fine tune the cellular responses to androgens in a target promoter-selective manner.
Redesign of the Velodrome in Abuja, Job Report
Authors: Stimpfle Bernd 
Published: December 2008

The original roof, finalized in 2003 did fail shortly after the installation process during a thunderstorm. The complete membrane was destroyed but the main masts were still in place and not damaged. It was then decided to replace this roof by a more redundant system, but with the same appearance. Main goal for the redesign was to avoid any modification on the main masts, and ideally no replacement of the main suspension cables. The design was started with the evaluation of different types of large scale cable nets, to achieve a system with a comparable load bearing behaviour. It ended up with a pentagon and hexagon pattern, forming a similar shape like the previous membrane roof, and so with a comparable geometric stiffness.
Corporate Architecture and Limited Liability
Authors: Couwenberg Oscar 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
This paper studies the effect of limited liability on corporate architecture. Corporate architecture is to be interpreted as the organizational instruments firms use to organize themselves into a coordinating, hierarchical ordered association of people. In this paper, it specifically refers to the use of four governance instruments within the firm to control the behavior of employees. These four are decision control rights, reward schemes, information systems and conflict resolution rules. Limited liability influences the way in which an incorporated group of firms employs each of these instruments. The most important effects are that limited liability makes it advantageous to allocate decision rights lower in the organization, use higher-powered reward schemes and economize on information systems. The effects lead to a saving of coordination costs within incorporated groups compared to unincorporated groups. Corporate groups thus differ in their governance arrangement from firms that have not organized in corporate groups. Alternatives that restrict limited liability have the effect of centralizing rights, flattening reward schemes and increasing investment in information systems. If corporate groups have attuned their architecture optimally, then restricting, or abolishing, limited liability generates additional coordination costs.
The Demographics of Tort Reform
Authors: Rubin Paul H. , Shepherd Joanna M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Tort reform may not affect all segments of society equally. Studies have shown that many tort reforms disproportionately reduce compensation to women, children, the elderly, disadvantaged minorities, and less affluent people. This study goes beyond tort reform’s disproportionate effect on compensation, to explore whether tort reform also has a disproportionate effect on accidental death rates. We explain that, theoretically, tort reform’s care-level effects and activity-level effects may disproportionately impact the accident rates of different groups. Using the most accurate, comprehensive data on medical malpractice tort reforms and state-level data from 1980-2000, we examine empirically whether tort reforms indeed have such a disproportionate effect. The results from our empirical analysis are consistent with our theoretical predictions. We find that the impact of tort reform varies substantially among demographic groups. When we consider the net effect of all the reforms in our study together, our results suggest that women, children, and the elderly do not enjoy tort reform’s benefits as much as men and middle-aged people. In fact, they might even be harmed by reform.
RC Model-based Comparison Tests of the Added Compliance Method with Computer Simulations and a Standard Method
Authors: Pałko Krzysztof , Rogalski Andrzej , Zieliński Krzysztof , Glapiński Jarosław , Kozarski Maciej , Pałko Tadeusz , Darowski Marek 
Published: December 2008

RC Model-based Comparison Tests of the Added Compliance Method with Computer Simulations and a Standard Method
Ventilation of the lungs involves the exchange of gases during inhalation and exhalation causing the movement of respiratory gases between alveolars and the atmosphere as a result of a pressure drop between alveolars and the atmosphere. During artificial ventilation what is most important is to keep specific mechanical parameters of the lungs such as total compliance of the respiratory system Cp
(consisting of the lung and the thorax compliances) and the airway resistance Rp
when the patient is ventilated. Therefore, as the main goal of this work and as the first step to use our earlier method of added lung compliance in clinical practice was: 1) to carry out computer simulations to compare the application of this method during different expiratory phases, and 2) to compare this method with the standard method for its accuracy.
The primary tests of the added-compliance method of the main lung parameters measurement have been made using the RC mechanical model of the lungs.
Mathematical Modelling of the Infusion Test
Authors: Cieslicki Krzysztof 
Published: December 2008

Mathematical Modelling of the Infusion Test
The objective of this paper was to improve the well established in clinical practice Marmarou model for intracranial volume-pressure compensation by adding the pulsatile components. It was demonstrated that complicated pulsation and growth in intracranial pressure during infusion test could be successfully modeled by the relatively simple analytical expression derived in this paper. The CSF dynamics were tested in 25 patients with clinical symptoms of hydrocephalus. Basing on the frequency spectrum of the patient's baseline pressure and identified parameters of CSF dynamic, for each patient an "ideal" infusion test curve free from artefacts and slow waves was simulated. The degree of correlation between simulated and real curves obtained from clinical observations gave insight into the adequacy of assumptions of Marmarou model. The proposed method of infusion tests analysis designates more exactly the value of the reference pressure, which is usually treated as a secondary and of uncertain significance. The properly identified value of the reference pressure decides on the degree of pulsation amplitude growth during IT, as well as on the value of elastance coefficient. The artificially generated tests with various pulsation components were also applied to examine the correctness of the used algorithm of identification of the original Marmarou model parameters.
Measurement of Transit Time of a Gammamed-Plus Remote Afterloading High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Source
Authors: Supe Sanjay , Shwetha B. , Bijina T. , Varatharaj C. , Sathiyan S. , Ganesh K. , Arunkumar T. , Ravikumar M. 
Published: December 2008

Measurement of Transit Time of a Gammamed-Plus Remote Afterloading High Dose Rate Brachytherapy Source
Accurate measurement of transit time of the HDR brachytherapy source of a remote after-loading unit is necessary to calculate the total radiation dose given to the treatment volume. Presently, most of the HDR brachytherapy treatment planning systems neglect the transit time in the computation of dose. The aim of this investigation is to use a well type ionization chamber to measure the transit time during the source movement between two dwell positions. As well type ionization chamber and a precision electrometer (manufacturer CD instruments, Bangalore) were used to measure the charge generated during the movement of the Ir-192 source of a Gammamed HDR brachytherapy unit with an interstitial needle. Effective transit time and effective speed were determined on the basis of methodology described by Sahoo [2]. Corrections were done on the basis of relative sensitivity values for varaious dwell position in the ionization chamber. In the present study the variation of effective speed with interdwell distance was minimal as compared with that of Sahoo [2]. The effective transit times were 0.129, 0.182, 0.301, 0.402, 0.701, and 0.993 seconds for 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 cm interdwell separations respectively. The effective transit times in the present study were higher than those of Sahoo [2]. Software modification accounting for the dynamic dose should be incorporated into all HDR planning systems. Such an improvement would enhance the safety and accuracy of HDR brachytherapy.
A Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Physiological and Malignant Breast Tissues Imaged by an Optical Polarimeter
Authors: Soltysiński Tomasz , Golnik Andrzej , Pałko T. 
Published: December 2008

A Multiscale Entropy Analysis of Physiological and Malignant Breast Tissues Imaged by an Optical Polarimeter
There are indications in the literature that polarimetric observations of neoplastic changes in biological tissues may support early diagnosis of cancer. In the present studies, samples of human breast tissue were observed in a polarized light. The images of healthy and malignant tissues were decomposed by a à trous wavelet algorithm. When a multiscale representation of tissue images is determined, their autocorrelation functions are also compared. A comparison of new observables, multiscale entropy and mean entropy vectors are presented. It was found that these observables might be considered as possible indicators of the malignant transformation in tissue.
The Procedure for SPECT and BEAM Images Adjustment Visualisation of EEG Electrodes in SPECT Images
Authors: Goszczyńska Hanna , Królicki Leszek , Bajera Adam , Zalewska Ewa , Kowalczyk Leszek , Walerjan Piotr , Rysz Andrzej , Kolebska Krystyna 
Published: December 2008

The Procedure for SPECT and BEAM Images Adjustment Visualisation of EEG Electrodes in SPECT Images
Preliminary results of research to devise a method allowing spatial alignment of BEAM maps obtained from EEG examinations with SPECT data are presented. The main concept of the method presented lies in simultaneous recording of multi-channel EEGs during SPECT examination, and also in visualizing location of EEG electrodes on SPECT images that provide spatial three dimensional coordinates assignment. The proposed methodology of simultaneous SPECT and EEG examinations could be a significant complement to results of epileptic focus localisation obtained with the ISAS method used for the last few years. The ISAS method allows localisation of focuses with 80% confidence, but it requires carrying out MRI examinations for alignment of compared anatomical structures on two SPECT images. Complementing these results with a BEAM map analysis would improve significantly the effectiveness of the examinations. This work presents results of experiments carried out on the Jaszczak phantom.
Exit Dose Measurement in Therapeutic High Energy Photon Beams and Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays
Authors: Sathiyan S. , Ravikumar M. 
Published: December 2008

Exit Dose Measurement in Therapeutic High Energy Photon Beams and Cobalt-60 Gamma Rays
To estimate the skin dose to the patient from the treatment planning, the knowledge about exit dose is essential, which is calculated from the percentage depth dose. In this study 6 MV and 18 MV beams from linear accelerator and cobalt-60 beams were used. The ionometric measurements were carried out with parallel plate chamber of sensitive volume 0.16 cc. Parallel plate chamber was fitted in to 30 x 30 cm2 polystyrene phantom at a fixed FSD with the measuring entrance window facing farther from the source. The field size for this measuring condition was maintained at 10 x 10 cm2. The ionization measurements were also carried out by changing the thickness of the polystyrene phantom at the entrance side of the point of measurement. In order to find out the variation of relative exit dose (RED) with field size the measurements were carried out without and with the full back-scattering material (27.2 gm/cm2) placed beyond the entrance window of the chamber. The measurements were also done for the entrance polystyrene phantom thicknesses of 10, 20 and 30 cm for the field size ranging from 5 x 5 cm2 to 30 x 30 cm2. The dose at the exit surface with no backscatter material is about 4.4%, 3.7% and 5.8% less than the dose with the full backscatter material present beyond the point of measurement for 6 MV, 18 MV X-rays and cobalt-60 gamma rays. The reduction in exit dose does not depend much of the phantom thickness through which the beam traverses before exiting at the chamber side. Dose enhancements of about 1.03 times were observed for a field size of 5 x 5 cm2 for 6 MV, 18 MV X-rays and cobalt-60 gamma rays. The dose enhancement factor (DEF) values were noticed to vary with field size beyond 15 x 15 cm2 for all the energies studied. Also it can be observed that the dose enhancement factor (DEF) values do not depend on the thickness of the phantom material through which the beam has traversed. The DEF values were found to vary marginally for different phantom material thickness for the particular field size. The study indicates that a reduction of 4.4% and 3.7% in relative exit dose when there is no backscatter material present for 6 and 18 MV X-rays for most of the clinically used radiotherapy portals. The measured exit dose was found to be mostly independent of field size and the thickness of the phantom material through which the beam gets transmitted at the entrance side. An addition of backscatter material of thickness equal to two-thirds of the dmax
depth of the radiation beam concerned results in full dose at the exit side.
Coronary Artery Diagnosis Aided by Neural Network
Authors: Stefko Kamil 
Published: December 2008

Coronary Artery Diagnosis Aided by Neural Network
Coronary artery disease is due to atheromatous narrowing and subsequent occlusion of the coronary vessel. Application of optimised feed forward multi-layer back propagation neural network (MLBP) for detection of narrowing in coronary artery vessels is presented in this paper. The research was performed using 580 data records from traditional ECG exercise test confirmed by coronary arteriography results. Each record of training database included description of the state of a patient providing input data for the neural network. Level and slope of ST segment of a 12 lead ECG signal recorded at rest and after effort (48 floating point values) was the main component of input data for neural network was. Coronary arteriography results (verified the existence or absence of more than 50% stenosis of the particular coronary vessels) were used as a correct neural network training output pattern. More than 96% of cases were correctly recognised by especially optimised and a thoroughly verified neural network. Leave one out method was used for neural network verification so 580 data records could be used for training as well as for verification of neural network.
Voir plutôt que croire.
Authors: Guiheneuf Hervé 
Published: December 2008

Qui est Yvon, quel est le personnage qui se cache derrière le pseudonyme de l’auteur de L’U.R.S.S. telle qu’elle est ? L’article se propose d’apporter un éclairage sur ce personnage peu connu. Yvon, pseudonyme de Robert Guiheneuf, est un autodidacte qui a grandi dans la mouvance anarchiste. Cependant l’engagement de Robert Guiheneuf au sein du Parti Communiste, dès 1921, s’est concrétisé par la volonté de visiter puis de vivre en « Russie Rouge » dans les années 1920, où il a croisé presque tous les Français vivant en U.R.S.S., comme Pierre Pascal ou Boris Souvarine. En effet, Robert Guiheneuf a voulu voir comment concrètement le peuple russe vivait sa révolution. Durant son séjour de dix ans, Robert Guiheneuf a été membre de plusieurs réseaux, dont la commune anarchiste de Yalta et les espérantistes russes. Menuisier en France, Robert Guiheneuf a travaillé comme ouvrier puis cadre dans différents trusts du bois, tant en Russie qu’en Sibérie. C’est là que lui vint l’idée d’un témoignage, d’abord sous forme d’articles dans la Révolution prolétarienne, puis dans un livre. L’écho de ce témoignage se retrouve dans les nombreuses critiques parues dans la presse française et francophone de 1938, la plupart saluant la rigueur du témoignage et la richesse de la documentation.
L'encre, la pierre et la parole.
Authors: Conord Fabien 
Published: December 2008

Malgré les évolutions connues par le parti socialiste en France et dans l’Allier, les militants de ce département ont conservé les mêmes pratiques politiques tout au long du second XXe siècle. Cet article se propose de mettre en lumière les moyens d’expression et les temps forts de cette culture politique, où l’histoire est instrumentalisée au service de l’action politique du moment. L’autocélébration (anniversaires des premières conquêtes municipales, biographies des principaux leaders, noms de rues) est doublée d’une volonté de récupération de l’épopée du mouvement ouvrier (Commune de Paris, 1er mai). L’utilisation politique de l’histoire est étudiée à travers ses différents supports : publications (érudition, brochures diverses), monuments en place publique, discours et manifestations.
Musique et socialisme en Italie (1880-1922)
Authors: Gervasoni Marco 
Published: December 2008

Notre article montre les rapports entre les socialistes italiens et la musique. En premier lieu, il analyse les considérations de la presse socialiste sur l’opéra italien et étranger, à partir de Verdi considéré comme père de la patrie. Ici l’opposition à Verdi est représentée par Wagner, considéré par les socialistes italiens comme un artiste révolutionnaire et « communiste ». En deuxième lieu, il montre comment la musique participe des pratiques militantes et quotidiennes des chefs socialistes, des permanents et des militants, comment la musique est utilisée dans les fêtes de parti. Enfin, il analyse la fonction des chants politiques produits par des intellectuels socialistes, leur diffusion à l’intérieur du parti et à l’intérieur de la société italienne, leur usage comme arme identitaire et politique contre les ennemis.