bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of a Neurovirulent Human Coronavirus OC43 from an Infectious cDNA Clone
Authors: St-Jean Julien R. , Desforges Marc , Almazán Fernando , Jacomy Hélène , Enjuanes Luis , Talbot Pierre J. 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

This study describes the assembly of a full-length cDNA clone of human coronavirus (HCoV)-OC43 in a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC). The BAC containing the full-length infectious cDNA (pBAC-OC43
FL
) was assembled using a two-part strategy. The first step consisted in the introduction of each end of the viral genome into the BAC with accessory sequences allowing proper transcription. The second step consisted in the insertion of the whole HCoV-OC43 cDNA genome into the BAC. To produce recombinant viral particles, pBAC-OC43
FL
was transfected into BHK-21 cells. Recombinant virus displayed the same phenotypic properties as the wild-type virus, including infectious virus titers produced in cell culture and neurovirulence in mice.
Comparison of the Mutation Rates of Human Influenza A and B Viruses
Authors: Nobusawa Eri , Sato Katsuhiko 
Published: March 2006

ABSTRACT

Human influenza A viruses evolve more rapidly than influenza B viruses. To clarify the cause of this difference, we have evaluated the mutation rate of the nonstructural gene as revealed by the genetic diversity observed during the growth of individual plaques in MDCK cells. Six plaques were studied, representing two strains each of type A and B viruses. A total of 813,663 nucleotides were sequenced, giving rates of 2.0 × 10
−6
and 0.6 × 10
−6
mutations per site per infectious cycle, which, when extended to 1 year, agree well with the published annual evolutionary rates.
The use of extracorporeal life support in the treatment of influenza-associated myositis/rhabdomyolysis
Authors: Augustin Simon L , Horton Stephen , Thuys Clarke , Bennett Martin , Claessen Catie , Brizard Christian 
Published: March 2006

A 13-year-old girl presented to the emergency department with fatigue, headaches and muscle stiffness after returning from a family camping trip. Within 24 h, she was transferred to ICU with general oedema and low saturations, where she had a cardio-respiratory arrest and was placed on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). The patient was successfully supported with ECMO for profound myocardial dysfunction and haemofiltration for rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. Patients who present with profound myocardial dysfunction and myoglobinuria as a consequence of viral infection can be successfully supported with ECMO.
Parent—Child Interactions With Anxious Children and With Their Siblings: An Observational Study
Authors: Barrett Paula M. , Fox Tara , Farrell Lara J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the present study, parent–child interactions with anxious children were compared to parent–child interactions with the anxious children's nonsymptomatic siblings and parent–child interactions with nonclinic children. Participants included 33 anxious children, their parents and siblings, and 14 nonclinic children and their parents. Parent–child interactions were observed during two discussion tasks related to anxiety-provoking or challenging situations. Parent–child interactions were coded for the following variables: control, warmth, reward of coping behaviour and task involvement. Consistent with previous research, parents in the anxious group showed more control, less paternal warmth and less maternal reward of coping behaviour toward their anxious child compared to parents of nonclinic children. Parent–child interactions with the anxious child were similar to parent–child interactions with the nonsymptomatic sibling, with the exception of fathers who exhibited more control toward their anxious child. Parent–sibling interactions, however, also resembled the nonclinic parent–child interactions, with mothers of anxious children showing more control toward their nonsymptomatic child than mothers of nonclinic children. These findings suggest that the relationships of each parent and their anxious child may be influenced by how the parent and child interact with each other. Suggestions for future research are discussed.
Use of simultaneous fluoroscopic and echocardiographic guidance during transarterial coil placement for embolization of patent ductus arteriosus in dogs
Authors: Szatmári Viktor , Stokhof Arnold A. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the use of simultaneous fluoroscopic and transthoracic echocardiographic guidance during transarterial coil placement for embolization of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in dogs.
Design—Descriptive report.
Animals—3 dogs with PDA.
Procedure—Each dog was anesthetized, and a femoral artery was exposed for vascular access. By use of an introducer, a catheter was placed in the thoracic portion of the descending aorta with fluoroscopic guidance, and subsequently, a bolus of iodinated radiographic contrast material was injected to outline the ductus. Under fluoroscopic guidance, 1 coil was positioned in the ductus, but not released. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to ensure that 1 loop of the coil was located in the pulmonary artery. When > 1 loop or no loops were detected in the pulmonary artery, the coil was retrieved and repositioned; when 1 loop of the coil was detected in the pulmonary artery, the coil was detached. After catheter removal, the femoral artery was ligated and the wound was closed.
Results—In all 3 dogs, successful embolization of the PDA was achieved. Echocardiography prevented unintentional pulmonary artery embolization in 1 dog and suboptimal coil placement in the other 2 dogs.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In addition to fluoroscopic control, transthoracic echocardiography appears to aid the appropriate positioning of a transarterial coil for treatment of PDA in dogs. Although transesophageal echocardiography would likely provide better images of the ductus, transthoracic echocardiography is a much cheaper, less specialized, and more widely available alternative.
Evaluation of dysmyelopoiesis in cats: 34 cases (1996–2005)
Authors: Weiss Douglas J. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Objective—To further classify dysmyelopoiesis as diagnosed by use of a general classification scheme and to determine clinical features and laboratory test results that could be used to differentiate between the various forms of dysmyelopoiesis in cats.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Sample Population—Bone marrow slides from 34 cats.
Procedures—Medical records of cats in which dysmyelopoiesis was diagnosed on the basis of blood and bone marrow analyses from 1996 to 2005 were reviewed. Criteria for inclusion in the study were findings of > 10% dysplastic cells in 1 or more hematologic cell lines in the bone marrow and concurrent cytopenias in the blood. Cats that met these criteria were classified into subcategories of myelodysplastic syndromes or secondary dysmyelopoiesis on the basis of reevaluation of slides.
Results—Of 189 bone marrow slides reviewed, 34 (14.9%) had > 10% dysplastic cells in 1 or more cell lines. Cats were subcategorized as having myelodys-plastic syndrome with excessive numbers of blast cells (n = 13), myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenias (8), a variant form of myelodysplastic syndrome (1), and secondary dysmyelopoiesis (12). Findings of dysmyelopoiesis and autoagglutination in cats with myelodysplastic syndrome and in those with immune-mediated anemia complicated differentiating between the 2 conditions.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Differentiating cats with myelodysplastic syndromes from cats with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia was difficult because severe anemia and autoagglutination may be concurrent findings in both conditions. Differentiating between myelodysplastic syndrome with excessive numbers of blast cells and myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenias was useful in predicting clinical outcome.
Arthroscopically assisted arthrodesis of the distal interphalangeal joint with transarticular screws inserted through a dorsal hoof wall approach in a horse
Authors: Busschers Evita , Richardson Dean W. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 16-year-old Thoroughbred gelding was examined because of chronic right forelimb lameness.
Clinical Findings—On radiographs of the right front foot, the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint space was narrow, and osteophytes and periarticular bony proliferation indicative of severe osteoarthritis were seen. Arthrodesis of the right DIP joint was recommended to improve the horse's comfort on the limb.
Treatment and Outcome—The horse was anesthetized, and palmar and dorsal arthroscopic approaches were used to remove as much of the articular cartilage as was accessible. Holes were then drilled through the dorsal aspect of the hoof wall, and 3 transarticular, 5.5-mm cortical screws were placed in lag fashion through these holes across the distal phalanx and into the middle phalanx. Defects in the hoof wall were filled with gentamicin-impregnated polymethyl methacrylate plugs and sealed with cyanoacrylate. Eight months after surgery, fusion of the DIP joint was evident radiographically and the horse was sound at a walk.
Clinical Relevance—Transarticular placement of cortical screws through a dorsal hoof wall approach combined with arthroscopically guided cartilage removal can result in fusion of the DIP joint in horses.
Uniform Hexagonal Plates of Vaterite CaCO3 Mesocrystals Formed by Biomimetic Mineralization
Authors: Xu A.‐W. , Antonietti M. , Cölfen H. , Fang Y.‐P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractVaterite mesocrystals with hexagonal morphology and uniform size have been successfully synthesized in the presence of a N‐trimethylammonium derivative of hydroxyethyl cellulose via aggregation‐mediated crystallization using a simple gas‐diffusion method. The uniform hexagonal plates display sharp facets and edges, even though they are formed by the aggregation of nanocrystals. The results demonstrate that each vaterite plate can be explained as consisting of aggregates of nanoparticles that share the same three‐dimensional orientation. A mechanism for the formation of hexagonal vaterite mesocrystals made of primary nanoparticles and hexagonal units is also presented. An understanding of the mesoscale transformation process will be helpful in controlling the aggregation‐driven formation of complex higher‐order structured materials and will provide new insights into biomineralization mechanisms. For example, the spines of sea urchins can be discussed within the framework of the mesocrystal concept. This study could provide an additional tool for designing advanced materials and could be used for the synthesis of more complex crystalline three‐dimensional structures.
Real‐time optimization of a tubular reactor with distributed feed
Authors: Cougnon P. , Dochain D. , Guay M. , Perrier M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractAn adaptive extremum seeking control scheme for a class of nonlinear distributed parameter systems is presented. It addresses the real‐time optimization of a parallel chemical reaction system in an isothermal tubular reactor with uniform distributed feed described by a set of hyperbolic partial differential equations. Only limited knowledge of the kinetics is assumed. An adaptive learning technique is introduced to design an extremum seeking algorithm that drives the system states to a set point that maximizes the value of an objective function. Lyapunov's stability theorem is used in the design of the extremum seeking controller structure and the development of the parameter learning laws. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Drunken detainees in police custody: is brief intervention by the forensic medical examiner feasible?
Authors: Deehan Ann , Stark Margaret , Marshall E. Jane , Hanrahan Brian , Strang John 
Published: March 2006

AbstractEnglish ‘Health of the Nation’ targets to reduce the proportion of adults consuming alcohol above the recommended ‘sensible’ guidelines are not being met and alternative methods of reaching the target population need to be explored. This paper examines the feasibility of forensic medical examiners (FMEs) expanding their role to include the routine detection of problem drinking by detainees in police custody. The study identified the considerable extent of contact of the FME with potential problem drinkers. The FMEs in this study are not averse to the detection of alcohol misuse; the majority feel trained to offer advice and to care for the drunken detainee, despite their awareness of the difficulty in getting such detainees to take advice seriously. Ultimately, the police custody suite, like the general hospital, the accident and emergency department or the general practitioner's surgery, offers a setting in which there is great scope for early identification and brief intervention with a ‘Health of the Nation’ target group whom doctors have failed to have an impact on. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Repetitive shoplifting in Stockholm, Sweden: a register study of 1802 cases
Authors: Sarasalo Elina , Bergman Bo , Toth Janos 
Published: March 2006

AbstractShoplifting is a major problem for the retail trade in western countries. However, knowledge about shoplifting and the intermediate stages between shoplifting and kleptomania is poor. The aim of the present study was to illuminate repetitive shoplifting, the crimes and the persons behind the crimes, some of whom may be kleptomaniacs. Kleptomania has strong compulsive features. Thus, we decided to base this study on suspects caught shoplifting three times or more in 1993 according to the Stockholm Police Department's register. During the study period 78 females and 299 males had been caught shoplifting three times or more, totalling 1802 occasions. The police register contained information about when and where the crime took place, the value and type of goods, the name, address and age of the suspect and if he or she denied the crime. Males stole more electronic items and the females more clothes, perfume and cosmetics. The value of the stolen items was about the same between the sexes, however. Monday to Thursday, as well as late afternoons were the most common times for being caught. In the majority of cases the shoplifters were unemployed. The shoplifting episodes were further divided into those which took place far from home and those which took place in the vicinity of the shoplifter's home. Housewives and old‐age pensioners shoplifted in the vicinity of their homes more often than others which tends to indicate transportation limitations. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Psychodynamic perspectives on staff response to inpatient misdemeanour
Authors: Crichton John H.M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPsychiatric inpatient misdemeanour, especially violence, is a common problem. The characteristics of such behaviour have been exhaustively examined in the literature, yet, outside specialist journals, there has been little discussion of how psychodynamic theory may help to understand rule‐breaking and improve staff response to it. This paper aims to describe classical psychodynamic theory on the formation and function of the super‐ego and how the countertransference of staff can be linked to parental models of control. There is particular discussion about the management of psychopaths, where rule breaking is a defining characteristic, and the merits of therapeutic community models of care. Finally, the traditional defences used by nursing staff to contain anxiety are discussed. The paper concludes that those traditional defences need to be replaced by systems that allow reflective understanding of patients' challenging behaviour and how staff respond. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Substance misuse and violence: a comparison of special hospital inpatients diagnosed with either schizophrenia or personality disorder
Authors: Corbett Mark , Duggan Conor , Larkin Emmet 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere is increasing interest in the relationship between schizophrenia, substance misuse and serious violence. We compared the pattern of substance misuse in inpatients with schizophrenia convicted of serious offences with that of a matched group with personality disorder. We also compared those with and without a history of substance misuse in their use of drugs or alcohol at the time of their violent index offence. We matched 75 substance misusing patients with schizophrenia with a group of patients with personality disorder and compared the types of substances misused in both groups. We compared these two groups with a larger sample of inpatients without a history of substance misuse to determine the presence of substance misuse at the time of the index offence. No differences were found between the matched groups in their choice of drugs. Drug abusing male inpatients with a personality disorder were significantly more likely to have consumed alcohol at the time of the violent offence compared with the other groups. Although the reporting of substance misuse was unexpectedly low, our data (a) showed no evidence that patients with schizophrenia preferentially choose to misuse specific types of drugs compared with personality disordered patients and (b) that intoxication with alcohol at the time of the violent offence may be important in male patients with a personality disorder and a history of substance misuse. Copyright © 1998 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
The search for the age of ‘onset’ of physical aggression: Rousseau and Bandura revisited
Authors: Tremblay Richard E. , Japel Christa , Perusse Daniel , Mcduff Pierre , Boivin Michel , Zoccolillo Mark , Montplaisir Jacques 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundStudies of aggression often confound physical aggression with verbal aggression, indirect aggression, relational aggression, opposition, competition and other externalizing behaviours. Developmental models of aggression have suggested that onset of physical aggression occurs after the onset of hyperactive, stubborn and oppositional behaviour. Yet little is known about the onset and development of physical aggression before school entry.MethodThe age of onset and frequency of physical aggression was studied in a population sample of 17‐month‐old children.ResultsThe 511 maternal reports on 11 physically aggressive behaviours indicated that the rate of cumulative onset of physically aggressive behaviours increased substantially from 12 to 17 months after birth. By 17 months of age, onset of physical aggression was reported for close to 80% of the children. However, the sex of the child and the presence of a sibling appeared to influence age of onset.ConclusionsThese results, and those of other studies of preschool children, suggest that the notion of increased probability of ‘onset’ of physical aggression as children approach adolescence needs to be reconsidered. Most children have had their ‘onset’ of physical aggression by the end of their second year after birth, and most have learned to inhibit physical aggression by school entry. Thus, there may be two main developmental trajectories of physical aggression: childhood limited, and life‐course persistent. This may be an indication that there is a sensitive period for learning to inhibit physically aggressive behaviour. To understand and prevent cases of chronic physical aggression, which appear most at risk of violent criminal behaviour, we need to study the factors which help children learn to inhibit physical aggression during the preschool years. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
Intraindividual growth in covert antisocial behaviour: a necessary precursor to chronic juvenile and adult arrests?
Authors: Patterson Gerald R. , Yoerger Karen 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground/MethodsIn the Oregon Youth Study (OYS) during the interval from Grades 4 to 12, there was significant growth in covert antisocial behaviour. Mothers' ratings collected each year defined intraindividual growth curves for 206 boys living in high‐crime areas. The growth curves were grouped into five categories. The category ‘chronic’ covert growth described boys who initiated the growth early and scored above the mean for five or more points in time. The category was associated with both juvenile (49%) and adult recidivism (41%). Those growth curves categorized as at only 'moderate risk' showed 16% juvenile and 9% adult recidivism.Results/ConclusionsWe hypothesized that the significant correlation between childhood measures of overt antisocial behaviour and adult arrest would be mediated by the level of growth in covert antisocial behaviour. The findings supported a mediational model. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A test of the social development model to predict problem behaviour during the elementary school period
Authors: Catalano Richard F. , Oxford Monica L. , Harachi Tracy W. , Abbott Robert D. , Haggerty Kevin P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThis paper presents a test of the social development model which is a general theory of human behaviour that hypothesizes that similar developmental processes lead to either prosocial or antisocial outcomes. The model is a synthesis of social learning, social control and differential association theories. Earlier papers have examined the fit of the model during adolescence, but the model has not been tested in childhood.MethodThis paper examines the fit of a modified version of the model measuring social development constructs in the family in predicting early antisocial behaviour in primary school. The model is tested with data from the Raising Healthy Children project, a longitudinal study of the aetiology of positive and problem behaviour with an experimental intervention nested within the study.ResultsIn the first analysis the prosocial path of the SDM was examined; the model fitted well, and explained 25% of the variance in early antisocial behaviour. However, the path between skills and rewards from the family was not significant, and a better fit was obtained when the model included two additional paths from skills to beliefs and skills to antisocial behaviour. In the second analysis the sample was split into two groups, those whose parents modelled problem behaviour and those who did not.ConclusionsTwo differences emerged between the two groups. First, the strength of the path between skills and problem behaviour was significantly stronger for children whose parents modelled problem behaviours. Second, the path between belief in family values and antisocial behaviours was not significant for children whose parents modelled problem behaviour. The implications for theory and practice are discussed. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.
A typology of offenders: a test of Moffitt's theory among males and females from childhood to age 30
Authors: Kratzer Lynn , Hodgins Sheilagh 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe present study tests Moffitt's theory regarding age‐related patterns of male offending in a Swedish cohort of 7101 males and 6751 females.MethodFour groups of offenders were identified: stable early‐starters (ES), adolescence‐limited (AL), adult‐starters (AS), and discontinuous offenders (DO). Information on childhood problems and patterns of offending was prospectively collected.ResultsConsistent with Moffitt's theory, ES offenders committed more crimes and a greater diversity of crimes than other offender groups. Childhood problems and low global scores of intelligence distinguished ES offenders from AL, AS offenders and non‐offenders.ConclusionsMoffitt's typology of offenders appears to better describe male than female offenders. For example, among females, AS not ES offenders were responsible for the largest proportion of crimes and childhood variables played a role in AL offending. Inconsistent with Moffitt's theory, ES males and females were convicted of more offences than AL offenders during adolescence, and ES males obtained lower scores on numeric and spatial as well as verbal subtests of intelligence. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.