bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A snapshot of information use patterns of academics in British universities
Authors: Gardiner Donna , McMenemy David , Chowdhury Gobinda 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to study information behaviour of academics in the digital age. Compares information behaviour of British university academics in three disciplines – computer and information sciences, business/management, and English literature.Design/methodology/approachDiscusses information behaviour of academics in the digital age.FindingsEnglish academics make higher use of printed information resources, such as text and reference books, than academics of any other discipline included in this study; they generally tended to be the least frequent users of electronic resources such as full‐text databases, indexing and abstracting databases, search engines, and internet sites. CIS academics generally tended to make greatest use of electronic‐based information resources, and the least use of print‐based information resources, and business/management academics fell somewhere in between these two disciplines. CIS academics were generally the most enthusiastic about the benefits of electronic resources, whereas English academics were the least enthusiastic about them. Nearly a quarter of English academics disagreed to some extent that electronic information was easier to use than printed resources, which might go some way to explain their lower use of electronic materials, and higher use of printed materials.Research limitations/implicationsResults of the quantitative study should have been supported and substantiated by quantitative analyses. Similar studies involving users from many more disciplines could show better discipline‐wise differences in user behaviour.Originality/valueThis is a research paper based on a nation‐wide survey of academics in British universities.
The incremental value relevance of firm‐specific risk measures in pricing junk IPOs
Authors: Feroz Ehsan H. , Johnston Jarrod , Reck Jacqueline L. , Wilson Earl R. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to describe a study which examined the effects of underwriter reputation market segments on the value relevance of firm specific risk measures in the pricing of initial public offerings (IPOs).Design/methodology/approachThe study abandons the notion of a homogenous market for IPOs and focuses instead on the differential demand for information across identifiable segments of the IPO market in the pre‐market offering period leading to the first day trading closing prices. Ordinary least square (OLS) regressions were used to test the two hypotheses developed in the paper.FindingsIt was found that firm‐specific risk measures are associated with the initial trading day returns of IPOs managed by low reputation underwriters, but not those by high reputation underwriters. However, as expected, these risk measures are impounded in initial trading day returns only for a sub‐sample of high‐risk junk IPOs that were marked down in price by the underwriter prior to the offering in order to make them more attractive to investors.Research limitationsAs with all empirical studies the tests are joint tests of the hypotheses stipulated and econometric assumptions underlying OLS. The findings of the study may not be generalized to an unrelated domain.Practical implicationsThe findings suggest that ex ante risk measures are useful in picking among junk IPOs those with the best chances of survival, and thus earning an initial trading return on those IPOs.Originality/valueThis is the first study to look at junk IPOs in a systematic manner using a quasi‐experimental design.
Interaction fluency: a customer performance measure of multichannel service
Authors: Cassab Harold , MacLachlan Douglas L. 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThe paper seeks to show an empirical test of customer‐based measures of Interaction Fluency developed by the authors to contribute to the assessment of customer service performance across multiple contact points upon the implementation of relationship management practices and technologies.Design/methodology/approachIn the paper the measures are developed using the critical incident technique and adapting existing scales in the service literature. A model is tested empirically with survey data from airline customers (n=284) using an Ordered Logit approach.FindingsThe paper finds that empirical results suggest that the ability of front‐line employees to smooth interactions with customers, as well as the efficacious performance of self‐service channels, are strong drivers of customers' loyalty intentions.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings in this paper are restricted to the airline context in an environment of familiarity with automated service tools such as found in the USA. Future research needs to be conducted using actual loyalty behavior as the dependent variable.Originality/valueThis paper considers the customer's perspective of the multichannel service interaction to propose a new construct of “interaction fluency” and builds a model to capture the functional form of the relationship between operational measures of the new construct and customer loyalty intentions.
Developing a new model for selecting public relations firms in the high‐tech industry
Authors: Hsu Pi‐Fang 
Published: September 2006

PurposeThis study develops a new model for selecting public relations (PR) firms based on high‐tech industrial perceptions.Design/methodology/approachThe proposed model comprises two parts. The first part employs the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) for criteria weighting. The second part applies the grey relational analysis (GRA) to rank alternatives and select the optimum PR firm in the high‐tech industry.FindingsAnalytical results indicate that high‐tech enterprises consider criteria in the following order of priority: media ability, campaign ability, strategic planning, service team, cost consciousness and relationship maintenance. Furthermore, this study uses the example of a renowned high‐tech communications manufacturer in Taiwan to demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in PR firm selection.Originality/valueThe proposed model helps high‐tech enterprises to effectively select PR firms, making it highly applicable in academia and commerce.
An eddy covariance mesonet to measure the effect of forest age on land–atmosphere exchange
Authors: GOULDEN MICHAEL L. , WINSTON GREGORY C. , McMILLAN ANDREW M. S. , LITVAK MARCY E. , READ EDWARD L. , ROCHA ADRIAN V. , ROB ELLIOT J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe deployed a mesonet of year‐round eddy covariance towers in boreal forest stands that last burned in ∼1850, ∼1930, 1964, 1981, 1989, 1998, and 2003 to understand how CO2 exchange and evapotranspiration change during secondary succession. We used MODIS imagery to establish that the tower sites were representative of the patterns of secondary succession in the region, and Landsat images to show that the individual stands have changed over the last 22 years in ways that match the spatially derived trends. The eddy covariance towers were well matched, with similar equipment and programs, which maximized site‐to‐site precision and allowed us to operate the network in an efficient manner. The six oldest sites were fully operational for ∼90% of the growing season and ∼70% of the dormant season from 2001 or 2002 to 2004, with most of the missing data caused by low battery charge or bad signals from the sonic anemometers. The rates of midday growing‐season CO2 uptake recovered to preburn levels within 4 years of fire. The seasonality of land–atmosphere exchange and growing‐season length changed markedly with stand age. The foliage in the younger stands (1989, 1998, and 2003 burns) was almost entirely deciduous, which resulted in comparatively short growing seasons that lasted ∼65 days. In contrast, the older stands (1850, 1930, 1964, and 1981) were mostly evergreen, which resulted in comparatively long growing seasons that lasted ∼130 days. The eddy covariance mesonet approach we describe could be used within the context of other ecological experimental designs such as controlled manipulations and gradient comparisons.
Topology and maturation of filamentous haemagglutinin suggest a new model for two‐partner secretion
Authors: Mazar Joseph , Cotter Peggy A. 
Published: September 2006

SummaryTwo‐partner secretion (TPS) is the most widely distributed secretion pathway known. These systems export large exoproteins through highly conserved channel‐forming β‐barrel proteins. Filamentous haemagglutinin (FHA), expressed by Bordetella species, is the prototypical TPS family member. Here we show that the C‐terminus of mature FHA, as opposed to the N‐terminus as previously proposed, is exposed on the cell surface and is required for mediating adherence to cultured epithelial cells. We show that the C‐terminus of the FHA pro‐protein (FhaB) is required for FHA function in vitro and in vivo and we show that cleavage of FhaB to form FHA is not the mechanism by which FHA is released from the cell. Based on these data, we propose a new model for TPS. This model provides an explanation for the energetics of export of globular protein domains across membranes in the absence of ATP and it suggests a new mechanism for the control of protein folding.
Pointing out new news, old news, and absent referents at 12 months of age
Authors: Liszkowski Ulf , Carpenter Malinda , Tomasello Michael 
Published: September 2006

Abstract There is currently controversy over the nature of 1‐year‐olds’ social‐cognitive understanding and motives. In this study we investigated whether 12‐month‐old infants point for others with an understanding of their knowledge states and with a prosocial motive for sharing experiences with them. Declarative pointing was elicited in four conditions created by crossing two factors: an adult partner (1) was already attending to the target event or not, and (2) emoted positively or neutrally. Pointing was also coded after the event had ceased. The findings suggest that 12‐month‐olds point to inform others of events they do not know about, that they point to share an attitude about mutually attended events others already know about, and that they can point (already prelinguistically) to absent referents. These findings provide strong support for a mentalistic and prosocial interpretation of infants’ prelinguistic communication.
Characterizing regeneration in the vertebrate ear
Authors: Metcalfe Anthony D. , Willis Hayley , Beare Alice , Ferguson Mark W. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe have previously shown that MRL/MpJ mice have a capacity for regeneration instead of scar formation following an ear punch wound. Understanding the differences that occur between scar‐free regeneration or repair with scarring will have great impact upon advances in skin tissue engineering. A key question that remains unanswered in the MRL/MpJ mouse model is whether regeneration was restricted to the ear or whether it extended to the skin. A histological analysis was conducted up to 4 months post‐wounding, not only with 2‐mm punch wounds to the ear but also to the skin on the backs of the same animals. MRL/MpJ mouse ear wounds regenerate faster than control strains, with enhanced blastema formation, a markedly thickened tip epithelium and reduced scarring. Interestingly, in the excisional back wounds, none of these regenerative features was observed and both the C57BL/6 control and MRL/MpJ mice healed with scarring. This review gives an insight into how this regenerative capacity may be due to evolutionary processes as well as ear anatomy. The ear is thin and surrounded on both sides by epithelia, and the dorsal skin is devoid of cartilage and under greater tensile strain. Analysis of apoptosis during ear regeneration is also discussed, assessing the role and expression of various members of the Bcl‐2 family of proteins. Ongoing studies are focusing on de novo cartilage development in the regenerating ear, as well as understanding the role of downstream signalling cascades in the process. Identification of such signals could lead to their manipulation and use in a novel tissue‐engineered skin substitute with scar‐free integration.
Function, ontogeny and canalization of shape variance in the primate scapula
Authors: Young Nathan M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPrimates have shoulders adapted to a wide range of locomotor functions from terrestrial pronograde quadrupedalism to highly arboreal suspensory behaviours. The shape of the scapula tightly follows these functional differences. Previous analyses of primate postcrania, including the scapula, indicate that quadrupedal monkeys are less variable than non‐quadrupeds. It was previously suggested that this difference was due to a relationship between the strength of stabilizing selection and the functional demands of the upper limb. Here it is shown that intraspecific scapular shape variance is highly correlated with the degree of committed quadrupedalism. Primates that engage in frequent suspensory behaviours (e.g. apes and ateline monkeys) average twice the amount of shape variance as quadrupeds (e.g. Old World monkeys and Saimiri). Because this difference in intraspecific shape variance is apparent in infants and does not increase or decrease appreciably over ontogeny, it is not likely that differences in postnatal growth, neuromuscular control or environmental factors such as habitat structure/composition are the primary contributors to differences in adult shape variance. Instead variance in embryonic factors that affect the shape/size of the scapula or epigenetic factors associated with muscle attachments are more likely candidates. In particular, the heterogeneous functional demands of the non‐quadrupedal shoulder probably reduce the stringency of stabilizing selection, resulting in the persistence into adulthood of increased amounts of embryonically generated scapular shape variance.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the Harderian gland in piglets
Authors: Munkeby Berit H. , Smith Hans‐Jørgen , Winther‐Larssen Eldrid H. , Bjørnerud Atle , Bjerkås Inge 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe main purpose of the present study was to investigate the value and effectiveness of functional and morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), in order to assess the extent of brain injury in a hypoxic–ischaemic piglet model, and further to validate that the ischaemic injury was successfully induced. In this way, we also characterized the Harderian gland. MRI was performed at 1.5 T in anaesthetized piglets (n = 10, 12–36 h of age). Magnetic resonance perfusion and diffusion imaging were performed at different time points, before, during and after the induction of hypoxia–ischaemia. The effects following bilateral clamping of the carotid arteries were also assessed by contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Morphological assessment included T1‐ and T2‐weighted imaging, and fat‐suppressed T1‐weighted imaging before and after contrast medium enhancement. Morphological MRI revealed a prominent, well‐defined structure located at the eyeball. Magnetic resonance angiography reconstructed with volume rendering showed this structure to be partially enclosed by large venous sinuses. At dissection, when compared with the magnetic resonance images, the deep gland of the third eyelid, the Harderian gland, corresponded to this structure both in topography and in size. By contrast, the lacrimal gland proper presented as a small, soft and pale structure that was difficult to distinguish from the surrounding connective tissue. At histological examination, the Harderian gland consisted mainly of compact areas of tubuloacinar glands with abundant eosinophilic granules. The present MRI demonstration of the Harderian gland was an accidental finding during an investigation to assess the extent of brain injury in a hypoxic–ischaemic piglet model. The combination of MRI and histology made it possible to detect and describe the Harderian gland in pig. It has generally been studied in rodents and lower vertebrates and is reported to possess various endocrine and exocrine functions.
Unilateral right‐hand contractions cause contralateral alpha power suppression and approach motivational affective experience
Authors: Harmon‐Jones Eddie 
Published: September 2006

AbstractContractions of the left hand induce sadness and bias judgments negatively, whereas contractions of the right hand induce positive affect and assertiveness and bias judgments positively. These results have been explained as resulting from activation of right and left frontal cortices, respectively. However, no research has tested this explanation. The present experiment provided such a test by having participants contract the right or left hand while electroencephalographic activity was recorded. Results indicated that right‐hand contractions produced greater left than right frontal activity, whereas left‐hand contractions produced greater right than left frontal activity (inverse of alpha power). Similar activations occurred in central regions, perhaps due to mu rhythms. Moreover, as compared to left‐hand contractions, right‐hand contractions caused greater self‐reported approach affect to a mildly positive radio editorial.
The Press as a Watchdog for Accounting Fraud
Authors: MILLER GREGORY S. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper investigates the press's role as a monitor or “watchdog” for accounting fraud. I find that the press fulfills this role by rebroadcasting information from other information intermediaries (analysts, auditors, and lawsuits) and by undertaking original investigation and analysis. Articles based on original analysis provide new information to the markets while those that rebroadcast allegations from other intermediaries do not. Consistent with a dual role for the press, I find that business‐oriented press is more likely to undertake original analysis while nonbusiness periodicals focus primarily on rebroadcasting. I also investigate the determinates of press coverage, finding systematic biases in the types of firms and frauds for which articles are published. In general, the press covers firms and frauds that will be of interest to a broad set of readers and situations that are lower cost to identify and investigate.
Safety of live‐virus vaccines for children with immune deficiency
Authors: Luthy Karlen E. , Tiedeman Mary E. , Beckstrand Renea L. , Mills Debra Ann 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurpose: Conduct an integrative literature review to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of live‐virus vaccines, namely, the measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella vaccines, in children who are immune compromised by exogenous medication either posttransplant or while undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for leukemia.Data sources: Medline, MedlinePlus, EBSCO, PubMed, MD Consult, CINAHL, Clinical Pharmacology, ERIC, Biomedical Reference Collection‐Basic, Health Source‐Consumer Edition, Health Source‐Nursing/Academic Edition, Ovid, CANCERLIT, and the Cochrane Library Online.Conclusions: Because measles infection has a low incidence rate in the United States, it may be advisable not to vaccinate children who are immunocompromised and risk side effects of the vaccine. In contrast to measles infection, varicella has a higher incidence rate and poses a more imminent threat to those who are immunocompromised. Children who are immunosuppressed can receive the varicella vaccination; however, they should have regular titers drawn to confirm adequate protection against the disease and should receive boosters as deemed appropriate.Implications for practice: The number of solid organ transplant recipients is steadily increasing with more than 600,000 solid organ transplantations worldwide since the first renal transplant in 1954. The steadily increasing numbers of pediatric patients surviving transplantation, coupled with increased life expectancy, accelerate the need for nurse practitioners to understand the management of these delicate patients following release from the transplant unit.
APPARATUS FOR TEACHING PHYSICS: Overhead Projection in the Teaching of High School Physics
Authors: Easter Ronald 
Published: September 2006

Physics teachers are finding that the overhead projector can help them teach physics. These quiet, trouble-free projectors provide bright, clear images even in lighted rooms. It is practical to use them for projecting images from large, transparent slides, as well as for projecting images of many three-dimensioned objects of physics.
Here is a visual aid that projects directly the ideas of the teacher. The teacher is an integral part of the entire process but with a larger and more colorful impact.
K-rasmutations and cell kinetics inHelicobacter pyloriassociated gastric intestinal metaplasia: a comparison before and after eradication in patients with chronic gastritis and gastric cancer
Authors: Watari J , Tanaka A , Tanabe H , Sato R , Moriichi K , Zaky A , Okamoto K , Maemoto A , Fujiya M , Ashida T , Das K M , Kohgo Y 
Published: September 2006

Background:Helicobacter pylorirelated gastric intestinal metaplasia (IM) is considered to be a precancerous lesion.Aims:To identify the effects ofH pylorieradication on K-rasmutations, cell kinetics in IM and histological changes in patients with and without gastric cancers in a one-year prospective study.Methods:Patients included group A (n = 39), chronic gastritis, and group B (n = 53), intestinal-type early gastric cancer patients who had all undergone endoscopic mucosal resection (n = 25) or surgical resection (n = 28). K-rascodon 12 mutations in IM were examined, followed by DNA sequencing analysis. Proliferating and apoptotic cells were detected with anti-Ki-67 antibody and using the TUNEL method, respectively.Results:The incidence of K-rasmutations in the cancer was only 3.8%. The mutant K-rasin IM was observed more frequently in group A (46.2%) than in group B patients (1.9%) (p<0.005). After eradication, the K-rasmutations significantly declined to 12.8% in group A (p<0.005). The mutation pattern of K-rascodon 12 before eradication was that GGT was mainly changed to AGT (50%) in group A. AGT transformation was not affected by treatment. Apoptosis in IM showed an increase afterH pylorieradication in both groups (p<0.05 in group A) although no histological improvement in IM was observed. The monocyte score was significantly higher in group A than in group B (p<0.05); the score improved significantly after eradication.Conclusions:K-rasmutations in IM do not always play a role in gastric carcinogenesis but cell kinetics, especially apoptosis, in IM may contribute to it. There are early events in K-rasmutations which are influenced byH pyloriinfection; some mutations may also be selected by eradication. These unstable K-rasmutations in IM may be related to lymphocyte infiltration caused byH pyloriinfection.