bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Locally administered low-dose alendronate increases bone mineral density during distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit model
Authors: Omi H. , Kusumi T. , Kijima H. , Toh S. 
Published: August 2007

We investigated the effect of locally administered bisphosphonate on distraction osteogenesis in a rabbit model and evaluated its systemic effect. An osteotomy on the right tibia followed by distraction for four weeks was performed on 47 immature rabbits. They were divided into seven equal groups, with each group receiving a different treatment regime. Saline and three types of dosage of alendronate (low, 0.75 μg/kg; mid, 7.5 μg/kg and high 75 μg/kg) were given by systemic injection in four groups, and saline and two dosages (low and mild) were delivered by local injection to the distraction gap in the remaining three groups. The injections were performed five times weekly during the period of distraction. After nine weeks the animals were killed and image analysis and mechanical testing were performed on the distracted right tibiae and the left tibiae which served as a control group. The local low-dose alendronate group showed a mean increase in bone mineral density of 124.3 mg/cm3 over the local saline group (analysis of variance, p < 0.05) without any adverse effect on the left control tibiae. The findings indicate that the administration of local low-dose alendronate could be an effective pharmacological means of improving bone formation in distraction osteogenesis.
Revision total hip replacement using cemented collarless double-taper femoral components
Authors: Howie D. W. , Wimhurst J. A. , McGee M. A. , Carbone T. A. , Badaruddin B. S. 
Published: August 2007

We investigated 219 revisions of total hip replacement (THR) in 211 patients using a collarless double-taper cemented femoral component. The mean age of the patients was 72 years (30 to 90). The 137 long and 82 standard length stems were analysed separately. The mean follow-up was six years (2 to 18), and no patient was lost to follow-up. Survival of the long stems to re-revision for aseptic loosening at nine years was 98% (95% confidence interval (CI) 94 to 100), and for the standard stems was 93% (95% CI 85 to 100). At five years, one long stem was definitely loose radiologically and one standard stem was probably loose. Pre-operative femoral bone deficiency did not influence the results for the long stems, and corrective femoral osteotomy was avoided, as were significant subsidence, major stress shielding and persistent thigh pain. Because of these reliable results, cemented long collarless double-taper femoral components are recommended for routine revision THR in older patients.
The internervous safe zone for incision of the capsule of the hip
Authors: Kampa R. J. , Prasthofer A. , Lawrence-Watt D. J. , Pattison R. M. 
Published: August 2007

In order to determine the potential for an internervous safe zone, 20 hips from human cadavers were dissected to map out the precise pattern of innervation of the hip capsule. The results were illustrated in the form of a clock face. The reference point for measurement was the inferior acetabular notch, representing six o’clock. Capsular branches from between five and seven nerves contributed to each hip joint, and were found to innervate the capsule in a relatively constant pattern. An internervous safe zone was identified anterosuperiorly in an arc of 45° between the positions of one o’clock and half past two. Our study shows that there is an internervous zone that could be safely used in a capsule-retaining anterior, anterolateral or lateral approach to the hip, or during portal placement in hip arthroscopy.
Testing of Composite Stone Faced Aluminum Honeycomb Panels
Authors: Scheffler Michael J. , Kneezel Daren S. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Physical and mechanical testing was conducted on composite stone faced aluminum honeycomb panels manufactured in the United States for use as exterior veneer panels on buildings. Testing was conducted on specimens cut from new stone faced panels as well as stone faced panels removed from service. For comparison purposes specimens cut from new unfaced honeycomb panels were also tested. The purpose of the testing was to measure certain strength, durability, and performance characteristics of the faced honeycomb panel’s composite construction. The stone faced specimens tested included those faced with travertine, limestone, and granite. Old travertine faced specimens had been in service for more than 18 years. The results very strongly suggest that the structural performance of the composite panel is dominated by the aluminum honeycomb portion. The stone portion is essentially a thin veneer adhered to the honeycomb that provides little if any structural strength.
Dynamics of a Recovering Lake Trout Population in Eastern Wisconsin Waters of Lake Superior, 1980–2001
Authors: Linton Brian C. , Hansen Michael J. , Schram Stephen T. , Sitar Shawn P. 
Published: August 2007

Abstract
Lake trout Salvelinus namaycush are important in Lake Superior because of their economic and ecological value. Lake trout populations collapsed in the early 1950s due to overexploitation by the commercial fishery and predation by sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus. Efforts to rehabilitate a self-sustaining lake trout population included stocking of hatchery-reared lake trout, control of sea lamprey populations, and closure of the lake trout fishery. To quantify and describe the dynamics of the recovering lake trout population in eastern Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior between 1980 and 2001, we used statistical catch-at-age analysis to estimate abundance, recruitment, mortality, and fishery selectivity of wild and stocked lake trout. We found that estimated wild lake trout abundance increased, whereas estimated stocked lake trout abundance decreased. Estimated wild lake trout recruitment was erratic, while estimated stocked lake trout recruitment decreased until stocking was discontinued in 1996. Natural mortality was the largest component of estimated wild lake trout total mortality, where commercial fishing mortality was the largest component of estimated stocked lake trout total mortality. Wild lake trout abundance in Wisconsin waters of Lake Superior is on par with precollapse abundance levels, and total mortality rates are below rehabilitation target levels; however, wild lake trout recruitment is still below the level thought necessary to sustain the population.
Comparisons of FST and QST of Growth‐Related Traits in Two Populations of Coho Salmon
Authors: McClelland Erin K. , Naish Kerry A. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractUnderstanding the mechanisms driving population divergence may be an important step in achieving conservation goals. Estimates of population divergence at neutral markers (FST) can be compared with divergence at quantitative traits (QST) to determine whether population differentiation is being driven by neutral processes such as genetic drift or by selection. We examined growth‐related fitness traits, specifically length, weight, and condition factor, at various life history stages in coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. Fish from two populations originating in different evolutionarily significant units and with different histories of selection were reared in a common environment, and weight and length measurements were collected for the alevin and juvenile stages during the first year of growth. Divergence at neutral markers was estimated from 10 microsatellite loci typed in each of the two populations (FST = 0.089, 95% confidence interval = 0.056‐0.0123). While QST tended to be greater than FST across all sample dates, this relationship was only significant when juvenile traits were combined for all sample dates (QST = 0.406, 95% confidence interval = 0.305‐0.468). These results suggest that diversifying selection is driving the differentiation between the two populations examined for the juvenile growth traits measured.
Delays in Cancer Diagnosis in Underinsured Young Adults and Older Adolescents
Authors: Martin Sean , Ulrich Corinne , Munsell Mark , Taylor Sarah , Lange Georgia , Bleyer Archie 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course the reader will be able to: Describe the relative lack of progress in survival improvement in young adults and older adolescents with cancer.Explain the variability in the time to diagnosis of cancer among young adults and older adolescents.Identify the potential role of health insurance in determining the time to cancer diagnosis in young adults and older adolescents.Discuss the impact that universal health insurance may have in shortening the time to cancer diagnosis and treatment in young adults and older adolescents.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Presurgical Chemotherapy in Patients Being Considered for Liver Resection
Authors: Kemeny Nancy 
Published: August 2007

Learning Objectives
Describe the approach to patients with unresectable liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Identify the hepatotoxicities associated with chemotherapy. Explain what happens to metastatic sites when there is a response.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Determination of potassium in fatty acid methyl esters applying an ion-selective potassium electrode
Authors: Rapta P. , Paligová J. , Rotheneder H. , Cvengroš J. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAn easy and inexpensive method of potassium determination in fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) applying an ion-selective potassium electrode (ISE-K) is presented. FAME are considered alternative fuel for diesel engines. Simple apparatus and procedure were developed to avoid contact of ester samples with the sensitive ISE-K membrane, which can damage the ISE membrane surface in long time operation. Using different FAME samples with a wide range of known potassium content a calibration curve was constructed. Among all samples, ISE-K satisfactory predicted potassium content in FAME as identified by the AAS reference method.
Properties of fructosyltransferase from Aureobasidium pullulans immobilized on an acrylic carrier
Authors: Onderková Z. , Bryjak J. , Polakovič M. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractOptimization of immobilization conditions was carried out for covalent binding of Aureobasidium pullulans fructosyltransferase to a copolymer of butyl acrylate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate using a glutaraldehyde method. It was found that the highest activity of the preparation could be obtained for the immobilization pH 6.0 and initial protein amount 8.5 g per dm3 of the carrier. Effects of the reaction pH, temperature, and initial sucrose concentration on the activity and stability of the preparation were analyzed. Further investigations involved storage stability and operational stability in a mechanically stirred-tank reactor.
A detailed analysis of volatile constituents of Aquilegia pancicii Degen, a Serbian steno-endemic species
Authors: Radulović N. , Dekić M. , Zlatković B. , Dekić S. , Dekić V. , Palić R. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractChemical composition of the essential oil of Aquilegia pancicii Degen endemic to Serbia is reported. Essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from the aerial parts was analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents were hexadecanoic acid (24.3 %) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (14.1 %), among 130 identified compounds, representing 90.3 % of the total essential oil. The oil was marked by the presence of 69 fatty acid derivatives and low content of terpenoids representing 60.4 % and 7.8 % of the oil, respectively.
Functionalization of Cubic Ia3d Mesoporous Silica for Immobilization of Penicillin G Acylase
Authors: Lü Y. , Lu G. , Wang Y. , Guo Y. , Guo Y. , Zhang Z. , Wang Y. , Liu X. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractFunctionalized cubic Ia3d mesoporous silica (FCIMS) with glycidoxypropyl groups was prepared and characterized by powder XRD, N2 adsorption, TGA, FT‐IR spectroscopy, solid state 13C NMR spectroscopy and TEM, and studied as the support for the immobilization of Penicillin G acylase (PGA). The results show that the glycidoxypropyl groups have been chemically bonded to the silicon atoms on the surface of cubic Ia3d mesoporous silica (CIMS). The FCIMS materials possess the mesoporous structure with pore diameter of 8 nm which is ∼ 1 nm less than that of CIMS (9 nm). The influence of the amount of glycidoxypropyl groups on the initial specific activity and operational stability of PGA immobilized on FCIMS were examined for the hydrolysis of penicillin G potassium salt. The results show that PGA has been successfully immobilized covalently on the FCIMS materials, and the initial specific activity of PGA/FCIMS is 835 IU g–1 and PGA/CIMS is 624 IU g–1. After repeated use for 10 times, PGA/FCIMS retains 72 % of its initial specific activity and PGA/CIMS retains only 58 %.
Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles Based Fabrication of Gecko Foot‐Hair‐Inspired Polymer Nanofibers
Authors: Kustandi T. S. , Samper V. D. , Yi D. K. , Ng W. S. , Neuzil P. , Sun W. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractWafer‐scale polymer nanofabrillar structures have been fabricated using the combination of colloidal nanolithography, deep‐silicon etching, and nanomolding to mimic the nanostructure of gecko foot‐hairs. The artificial surface features densely packed polymeric nanofibrils with super‐hydrophobic, water‐repellent, and “easy‐to‐clean” characteristics. The lateral dimension of the nanofibrils is as small as 250 nm and an aspect‐ratio as high as 10:1 has been achieved without lateral collapse between neighboring fibrils. The method allows both fabrication of synthetic structures over a large area and direct integration of a flexible membrane to assist the array of nanofibrils in making intimate contact with uneven surfaces. A single nanofibril exhibits a mean adhesive force ranging from (0.91 ± 0.34) nN to (1.35 ± 0.37) nN. In the macroscopic scale, the nanostructured surface can adhere firmly to a smooth glass substrate and inherits the in‐use, self‐cleaning property of the setal nanostructures found in gecko lamellae.
Shape Control of Platinum Nanoparticles
Authors: Ramirez E. , Eradès L. , Philippot K. , Lecante P. , Chaudret B. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of shape controlled platinum nanoparticles has been investigated through an organometallic approach starting from the complex Pt2(dba)3 and using a long alkyl chain amine, hexadecylamine (HDA), as stabilizer. The influence of the experimental parameters (reactive gas and solvent nature, stabilizer/metal ratio, reactants concentration, temperature) on the shape of the Pt nanoparticles has been studied. Various shaped platinum nanostructures such as isolated nanoparticles, dendrites or crystalline nanowires were obtained, depending on the reaction conditions. This method takes profit of the mild conditions of chemistry in solution and allows obtaining regular nanostructures, most of them being homogeneous in shape as well as in size (isolated nanoparticles) or diameter/length (nanowires). Transmission electron microscopy and wide‐angle X‐ray scattering were used as characterization techniques. Beside the Knight‐shift effect of platinum, NMR solution investigations clearly evidenced the coordination of the amine at the Pt particles surface and its mobility. This mobility, increased when H2 is used as reactive gas for the precursor decomposition, favors the particles coalescence into nanowires. This phenomenon is also favored by the “soft” template character of the amine in particular in toluene solution.
Synthesis of Inorganic and Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hollow Particles Using a Cationic Surfactant with a Partially Fluorinated Tail
Authors: Tan B. , Vyas S. M. , Lehmler H.‐J. , Knutson B. L. , Rankin S. E. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractA new partially fluorinated cationic surfactant, 1‐(10‐perfluorooctyldecyl)pyridinium bromide monohydrate, is synthesized and used as the template for mesoporous ceramic and inorganic–organic hybrid particles. Several hydrolyzed alkoxide precursors are shown to co‐assemble with this surfactant to form hollow vesicle‐like particles, and the effect of changing the alkoxide chemical structure on the formation of these particles is examined. Tetramethoxysilane produces cubic or columnar particles without hollow cavities, but all other tetra‐n‐alkoxysilanes tested up to the n‐butoxide produce hollow particles. As the alkoxide length increases, the shell structure changes from multilayered (with Si(OC2H5)4) to a single thin layer (with Si(OC3H7)4) to a single thick layer (with Si(OC4H9)4). The stability of the fluorocarbon bilayers allows similar vesicular structures to be obtained in organic–inorganic hybrids prepared with bridged alkoxysilanes. Ethylene‐bridged silanes display similar structures to tetraalkoxysilanes. However, the hollow structures appear to partially collapse when the bridging chain is too long (octylene) and no hollow particles are formed with bis(trialkoxysilylpropyl)amines.
Preparation of Multicomponent Metal Oxides Using Nozzle Spray and Microwaves
Authors: Espinal L. , Malinger K. A. , Espinal A. E. , Gaffney A. M. , Suib S. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractMulticomponent metal oxide (MMO) crystallites are prepared by spraying a reactant solution into a receiving solution or into air under microwave radiation at atmospheric pressure. The injection of a nitric acid solution through an ultrasonic nozzle into a receiving solution of metal precursor and the use of microwave radiation are combined to form a novel preparation technique called the nozzle‐spray/microwave (NMW) method. The inclusion of an additional step, the in situ mixing of precursor solutions prior to their injection through the ultrasonic nozzle spray, leads to another procedure called the in situ/nozzle‐spray/microwave (INM) method. For comparison, MMO materials with the same metal constituents as those prepared by our novel techniques are prepared by conventional hydrothermal (CH) methods. Fresh materials prepared by NMW, INM, and CH methods were heat treated to study the effect of calcination. All materials were characterized before and after calcination using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, and inductively coupled plasma elemental analysis. The NMW method produces particles with rodlike morphologies different from those obtained using CH methods. The INM method produces an amorphous material that crystallizes after calcination into small (ca. 200 nm) particles with interesting morphologies. Notably, calcination of materials prepared by both NMW and INM reduces the particle size and increases the surface area. The work presented in this paper paves the way to use NMW and INM to prepare MMOs with unique morphologies.
Versatile Supramolecular Nanovalves Reconfigured for Light Activation
Authors: Nguyen T. D. , Leung K. C.‐F. , Liong M. , Liu Y. , Stoddart J. F. , Zink J. I. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractAll autonomous machines share the same requirement—namely, they need some form of energy to perform their operations and nanovalves are no exception. Supramolecular nanovalves constructed from [2]pseudorotaxanes—behaving as dissociatable complexes attached to mesoporous silica which acts as a supporting platform and reservoir—rely on donor‐acceptor and hydrogen bonding interactions between the ring component and the linear component to control the ON and OFF states. The method of operation of these supramolecular nanovalves involves primarily the weakening of these interactions. The [2]pseudorotaxane [BHEEEN ⊂ CBPQT]4+ [BHEEEN ≡ 1,5‐bis[2‐(2‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy]naphthalene and CBPQT4+ ≡ cyclobis(paraquat‐p‐phenylene)], when this 1:1 complex is tethered on the surface of the mesoporous silica, constitutes the supramolecular nanovalves. The mesoporous silica is charged against a concentration gradient with luminescence probe molecules, e.g., tris(2,2′‐phenylpyridyl)iridium(III), Ir(ppy)3 (ppy = 2,2′‐phenylpyridyl), followed by addition of CBPQT·4Cl to form the tethered [2]pseudorotaxanes. This situation corresponds to the OFF state of the supramolecular nanovalves. Their ON state can be initiated by reducing the CBPQT4+ ring with NaCNBH3, thus weakening the complexation and causing dissociation of the CBPQT4+ ring away from the BHEEEN stalks on the mesoporous silica particles MCM‐41 to bring about ultimately the controlled release of the luminescence probe molecules from the mesoporous silica particles with an average diameter of 600 nm. This kind of functioning supramolecular system can be reconfigured further with built‐in photosensitizers, such as tethered 9‐anthracenecarboxylic acid and tethered [Ru(bpy)2(bpy(CH2OH)2)]2+ (bpy = 2,2′‐bipyridine). Upon irradiation with laser light of an appropriate wavelength, the excited photosensitizers transfer electrons to the near‐by CBPQT4+ rings, reducing them so that they dissociate away from the BHEEEN stalks on the surface of the mesoporous silica particles, leading subsequently to a controlled release of the luminescent probe molecules. This control can be expressed in both a regional and temporal manner by the use of light as the ON/OFF stimulus for the supramolecular nanovalves.
Engineering of Self‐Assembled Domain Architectures with Ultra‐high Piezoelectric Response in Epitaxial Ferroelectric Films
Authors: Ouyang J. , Slusker J. , Levin I. , Kim D.‐M. , Eom C.‐B. , Ramesh R. , Roytburd A. L. 
Published: August 2007

AbstractSubstrate clamping and inter‐domain pinning limit movement of non‐180° domain walls in ferroelectric epitaxial films thereby reducing the resulting piezoelectric response of ferroelectric layers. Our theoretical calculations and experimental studies of the epitaxial PbZrxTi1–xO3films grown on single crystal SrTiO3demonstrate that for film compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary it is possible to obtain mobile two‐domain architectures by selecting the appropriate substrate orientation. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and piezoelectric force microscopy revealed that the PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3films grown on (101) SrTiO3substrates feature self‐assembled two‐domain structures, consisting of two tetragonal domain variants. For these films, the low‐field piezoelectric coefficient measured in the direction normal to the film surface (d33) is 200 pm V–1, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions. Under externalACelectric fields of about 30 kV cm–1, the (101) films exhibit reversible longitudinal strains as high as 0.35 %, which correspond to the effective piezoelectric coefficients in the order of 1000 pm V–1and can be explained by elastic softening of the PbZrxTi1–xO3ferroelectrics near the morphotropic phase boundary.