bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preparative isolation and purification of chemical components from Aconitum coreanum by high‐speed counter‐current chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Tang Qingfa , Yang Chunhua , Ye Wencai , Liu Jinghan , Zhao Shouxun 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAconitum coreanum (Lèvl.) Rapaics (Guanbaifu in Chinese) is a widely used, centuries‐old Chinese herb. A preparative high‐speed counter‐current chromatography (HSCCC) coupled with evaporative light scattering detection (ELSD) method was employed for isolation and purification of alkaloids from the crude extract of Aconitum coreanum (Lèvl.) Rapaics using ethyl acetate–n‐butanol–methanol–0.2 m HCl (7:2:2:7, v/v) as a two‐phase solvent system. Six alkaloids, including GFO, GFQ, GFZ, hetisinone, hetisine and GFAA, were obtained in one‐step separation. The purity of these compounds was 97.6, 93.8, 91.8, 91.9, 96.2 and 91.1%, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cancer patients' reluctance to disclose their emotional distress to their physicians: a study of Japanese patients with lung cancer
Authors: Okuyama Toru , Endo Chiharu , Seto Takashi , Kato Masashi , Seki Nobuhiko , Akechi Tatsuo , Furukawa Toshiaki A. , Eguchi Kenji , Hosaka Takashi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPurpose: To explore cancer patients' concerns about emotional disclosure (ED) to their physicians, and to investigate the factors associated with them.Subjects and Methods: Randomly selected ambulatory patients with lung cancer participated in this study. An 18‐item questionnaire to assess patients' beliefs regarding ED to their physicians was developed for this study. Factor analysis was used to extract the underlying factors of this scale. Patients were asked to answer this questionnaire along with other self‐administered questionnaires.Results: Complete data were available from 104 patients. Four factors were extracted by factor analysis: ‘Hesitation to disturb the physicians by ED’, ‘No perceived need for ED’, ‘Negative attitude towards ED’, and ‘Fear of a negative impact of ED’. All factors reached standards of internal consistency. The prevalence of the above concerns, in that order, among the patients was 68, 67, 46, and 20%. Patients with high distress levels were significantly more likely to endorse ‘Negative impact’ (p=0.02). Older patients were more likely to report ‘Negative attitude’ (p=0.06), whereas male patients were more likely than females to report ‘Hesitation’ (p=0.05).Conclusion: Knowledge of such patient‐related barriers should better prepare physicians to build good communication channels with their cancer patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimism and psychological well‐being among parents of children with cancer: an exploratory study
Authors: Fotiadou Maria , Barlow J. H. , Powell L. A. , Langton H. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAims: To identify the characteristics of optimistic parents of children with cancer. To examine the relationship between optimism, anxiety, depression, life satisfaction, coping and subjective health perception in parents of children with cancer and parents of healthy children.Methods: One hundred parents of children with cancer were recruited during attendance at Oncology Out‐patient Clinics at a UK Regional Cancer Centre. A comparison group of 117 parents of healthy children was also recruited. All parents completed a questionnaire, providing demographic and medical information relating to the child, dispositional optimism, psychological distress, life satisfaction, coping and subjective health perception.Results: Parents of children with cancer had higher levels of anxiety, depression, optimism, satisfaction with life and subjective health perception than the comparison group. Optimism was significantly correlated with satisfaction with life, subjective health perception, anxiety and depression in both groups.Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of optimism in relationship to psychological distress in parents of children with cancer. Interventions targeting parents' optimism are recommended as a potential source of coping with adversity within this population. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional functioning of parents of children with cancer: the first five years of continuous remission after the end of treatment
Authors: Maurice‐Stam Heleen , Oort Frans J. , Last Bob F. , Grootenhuis Martha A. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aim of this study is to investigate parental emotional functioning during the first five years of continuous remission after the end of their child's treatment and to identify predictors of parental emotional functioning.Methods: Psychological distress and situation‐specific emotional reactions were assessed in 122 mothers and 109 fathers from 130 families. Longitudinal mixed model analyses were performed to investigate to what extent generic and disease‐related coping, family functioning and social support were predictive of parental emotional functioning over time.Results: Initial elevated levels of distress, disease‐related feelings of uncertainty and helplessness returned to normal levels during the first two years after the end of treatment. Being more optimistic about the further course of the child's disease (predictive control) was correlated with lower psychological distress and less negative disease‐related feelings, while more passive reaction patterns were correlated with higher psychological distress and more negative disease‐related feelings.Conclusions: Although in general the parents of children with successfully treated cancer showed adequate emotional resilience, support for these parents should not stop when treatment ends. Parents in need of help can be identified on the basis of their coping abilities. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth of InN films on spinel substrates by pulsed laser deposition
Authors: Mitamura K. , Ohta J. , Fujioka H. , Oshima M. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe have grown InN films on MgAl2O4(111) substrates with atomically flat surfaces using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) and compared their structural properties with those grown on (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4(111) substrates. It has been revealed that InN(0001) films grow on MgAl2O4(111) with an in‐plane epitaxial relationship of InN[1$ \bar 1 $00] // MgAl2O4[1$ \bar 1 $0], achieving a lattice mismatch minimum. The InN films exhibited a clear sixfold rotational symmetry, without 30° rotational domains and with a full width at half maximum value of the InN 0002 rocking curve being 17.5 arcmin. Comparison between InN films grown on MgAl2O4 and those on (Mn,Zn)Fe2O4 led us to conclude that suppression of the interfacial reactions between the InN films and the substrate is inherently important to obtain high quality InN on substrates with a spinel structure. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties of [(K0.4725Na0.4725)Li0.055]NbO3–(Ag0.5Li0.5)TaO3 lead‐free ceramics
Authors: Wu Jiagang , Wang Yuanyu , Xiao Dingquan , Zhu Jianguo 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNew lead‐free piezoelectric (1 – x)[(K0.4725Na0.4725)Li0.055]NbO3– x (Ag0.5Li0.5)TaO3 [(1 – x)KNNL–x ALT] ceramics were prepared by conventional sintering. Piezoelectric and ferroelectric properties and Curie temperature of the ceramics were studied. The (1 – x)KNNL–x ALT (x = 0.04) ceramics exhibit good properties (d33 ∼ 252 pC/N, kp ∼ 41%, TC ∼ 471 °C, To–t = 47 °C, Pr = 33.1 μC/cm2, Ec = 10.6 kV/cm). These results show that (1 – x)KNNL–x ALT (x = 0.04) ceramic is a promising lead‐free piezoelectric material for high temperature application. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Identification of sulfoglycolipids from the alga Porphyridium purpureum by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation quadrupole ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Naumann Ivonne , Darsow Kai H. , Walter Christian , Lange Harald A. , Buchholz Rainer 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSulfoglycolipids, isolated from different phototrophic organisms, particularly plants and algae, have already been identified as bioactive compounds. In addition to their antiviral activity their influence on the immune response in mammalian cells is the focus of many studies. For the first time it has been possible to investigate purified sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDGs) from the microalga Porphyridium purpureum by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI) in the negative ion reflectron mode. Thereby, different solid and ionic liquid matrices have been tested to improve signal intensity during the laser ionisation. By using the MALDI Trap time‐of‐flight (ToF) multiple‐stage (MSn) hybrid mass spectrometer the fatty acid compositions of the SQDGs were analysed by MS, and confirmed by MS2 and MS3 experiments. Thereby, hexadecanoic acid (C16:0), octadecadienoic acid (C18:2), eicosatetraenoic acid (C20:4), and eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5) were detected in the purified fraction of SQDGs. The localisation of hexadecanoic acid (C16:0) at the sn‐2 position, and unsaturated fatty acids at the sn‐1 position of the SQDGs, determined by specific enzymatic hydrolysis, marks a procaryotic biosynthesis of SQDGs in the eucaryotic alga cells. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization ion trap multiple‐stage mass spectrometric fragmentation pathways of leucine and isoleucine: an ab initio computational study
Authors: Armirotti Andrea , Scapolla Carlo , Benatti Umberto , Damonte Gianluca 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWe recently demonstrated the possibility to distinguish between leucine and isoleucine in several tryptic peptides by means of consecutive tandem mass steps (Armirotti et al. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 2007; 18: 57), exploiting a gas‐phase rearrangement of the immonium ion of Ile. In the present paper we explore the tandem mass spectrometric behaviour of the two amino acids. We propose a plausible structure for the diagnostic m/z 69 ion of Ile, that was reported for the first time in 1996 (Hulst and Kientz J. Mass. Spectrom. 1996; 31: 1188), and we explain why its formation is favoured with respect to Leu. Our conclusions are supported by ab initio quantum chemistry calcultations and isotope‐labelled standards experiments. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural analysis of monoterpene glycosides extracted from Paeonia lactiflora Pall. using electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Dong Hongjuan , Liu Zhiqiang , Song Fengrui , Yu Zhan , Li Huilin , Liu Shuying 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPaeoniflorin standard was first investigated by electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐FTICR‐MS/MS) using a sustained off‐resonance irradiation (SORI) collision‐induced dissociation (CID) method at high mass resolution. The experimental results demonstrated that the unambiguous elemental composition of product ions can be obtained at high mass resolution. Comparing MS/MS spectra and the experimental methods of hydrogen and deuterium exchange, the logical fragmentation pathways of paeoniflorin have been proposed. Then, the extracts of the traditional Chinese medicine Paeonia lactiflora Pall. were analyzed by high‐performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/ESI‐MS/MS). By comparison with the ESI‐FTICR‐MS/MS data of paeoniflorin, the isomers paeoniflorin and albiflorin in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. have been identified using HPLC/MS with CID in an ion trap and in‐source CID. Furthermore, using the characteristic fragmentation pathways, the retention times (tR) in HPLC and MS/MS spectra, the structures of three other kinds of monoterpene glycoside compounds have been identified on‐line without time‐consuming isolation. Thus an HPLC/ESI‐MS method for the analysis of constituents in Paeonia lactiflora Pall. has been established. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone from biological fluids as the oxime derivatives using high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Kalhorn Thomas F. , Page Stephanie T. , Howald William N. , Mostaghel Elahe A. , Nelson Peter S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA sensitive liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC/ESI‐MS/MS) method for the simultaneous quantitative analysis of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and testosterone (T) from biological fluids has been developed. Commercially available deuterated analogues were used as internal standards. Steroids were extracted from serum or testicular fluid with hexane/ethyl acetate, evaporated to dryness, and treated with hydroxylamine to form their oxime derivatives. Upon chromatographic separation, the compounds were quantified using selected reaction monitoring (SRM). For T, the [M+H]+ ion at m/z 304 and the fragment ion at m/z 124 were used as the precursor and product ions. For DHT the ion cluster [M+H+ACN]+ at m/z 347 and the dissociated ion [M+H]+ at m/z 306 were used as the precursor and product ions, respectively. The limits of detectability on‐column were in the sub‐femtomole range for both compounds and the intra‐day coefficient of variation (CV) for analysis from serum was less than 7% for both compounds. Given its high reproducibility, sensitivity, and relative simplicity, this assay should be of use in determining androgen levels in biospecimens, particularly in settings where sample quantity or steroid concentration are low. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analyses of macrolide antibiotic residues in eggs, raw milk, and honey using both ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry and high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Wang Jian , Leung Daniel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTwo liquid chromatography mass spectrometric techniques, i.e. ultra‐performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q‐Tof MS) and high‐performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS), were used for quantification, confirmation or identification of six macrolide antibiotic residues and/or their degradation products in eggs, raw milk, and/or honey. Macrolides were extracted from food samples by acetonitrile or phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 8.0), and sample extracts were further cleaned up using solid‐phase extraction cartridges. UPLC/Q‐Tof data were acquired in Tof MS full scan mode that allowed both quantification and confirmation of macrolides, and identification of their degradation products. LC/MS/MS data acquisition was achieved using multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), i.e. two transitions, to provide a high degree of sensitivity and repeatability. Matrix‐matched standard calibration curves with the use of roxithromycin as an internal standard were utilized to achieve the best accuracy of the method. Both techniques demonstrated good quantitative performance in terms of accuracy and repeatability. LC/MS/MS had advantages over UPLC/Q‐Tof MS in that its limits of detection were lower and repeatability was somewhat better. UPLC/Q‐Tof provided ultimate and unequivocal confirmation of positive findings, and allowed degradation product identification based on accurate mass. The combination of the two techniques can be very beneficial or complementary in routine analysis of macrolide antibiotic residues and their degradation products in food matrices to ensure the safety of food supply. Copyright © 2007 Crown in the right of Canada. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
6D SLAM—3D mapping outdoor environments
Authors: Nüchter Andreas , Lingemann Kai , Hertzberg Joachim , Surmann Hartmut 
Published: September 2007

Abstract6D SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) or 6D concurrent localization and mapping of mobile robots considers six dimensions for the robot pose, namely, the x, y, and z coordinates and the roll, yaw, and pitch angles. Robot motion and localization on natural surfaces, e.g., driving outdoor with a mobile robot, must regard these degrees of freedom. This paper presents a robotic mapping method based on locally consistent 3D laser range scans. Iterative Closest Point scan matching, combined with a heuristic for closed loop detection and a global relaxation method, results in a highly precise mapping system. A new strategy for fast data association, cached kd‐tree search, leads to feasible computing times. With no ground‐truth data available for outdoor environments, point relations in maps are compared to numerical relations in uncalibrated aerial images in order to assess the metric validity of the resulting 3D maps. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quantifying synergism/antagonism using nonlinear mixed‐effects modeling: A simulation study
Authors: Boik John C. , Newman Robert A. , Boik Robert J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCancer drugs are commonly administered in the clinic in the form of mixtures, also called cocktails or combinations. Assessment of synergistic and antagonistic interactions between drugs is therefore an important aspect of cancer research. Numerous methods have been proposed to assess drug interactions, each one based on a null (or additive) model. In this paper, the Loewe additivity index is used as a basis. Parameters of concentration–response curves, used as input to the Loewe equation, are estimated with a nonlinear mixed‐effects model. The use of a nonlinear mixed‐effects model, in combination with the Loewe index and a procedure to calculate confidence intervals of the index, is referred to as the ‘MixLow’ method. Simulations of a sham mixture of a drug with itself show that the MixLow method provides parameter estimators that are more precise than those produced by the Median‐Effect method, a popular approach that uses log linearization of the concentration–response curves. Coverage of confidence intervals for the interaction index is acceptable for the MixLow method but poor for the Median‐Effect method. This is the first comparison report of coverage of confidence intervals for the Loewe interaction index. A mixture of vincristine and topotecan is also analyzed by the MixLow method and the results are compared with those previously published. The MixLow method can be used to quantify drug interactions in any fixed‐ratio drug combination study that includes within‐group and between‐group replicates, and where responses follow a sigmoidal pattern. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Viable, lyophilized lactobacilli do not increase iron absorption from a lactic acid-fermented meal in healthy young women, and no iron absorption occurs in the distal intestine
Authors: Bering Stine , Sjøltov Laila , Wrisberg Seema S. , Berggren Anna , Alenfall Jan , Jensen Mikael , Højgaard Liselotte , Tetens Inge , Bukhave Klaus 
Published: September 2007

Lactic acid-fermented foods have been shown to increase Fe absorption in human subjects, possibly by lowering pH, activation of phytases, production of organic acids, or by the viable lactic acid bacteria. In this study the effect of a heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruel with and without added viable, lyophilizedLactobacillus plantarum299v on non-haem Fe absorption was investigated. Furthermore, Fe absorption in the distal intestine was determined. In a randomized, double-blinded crossover trial eighteen healthy young women aged 22 (sd3) years with low Fe status (serum ferritin < 30 μg/l) were served the two test gruels, extrinsically labelled with59Fe and served with two enterocoated capsules (containing55Fe(II) and55Fe(III), respectively) designed to disintegrate in the ileum. The meals were consumed on two consecutive days, e.g. in the order AA followed by BB in a second period. Non-haem Fe absorption was determined from59Fe whole-body retention and isotope activities in blood samples. The concentrations of Fe, lactate, phytate, and polyphenols, and the pH were similar in the heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruels with and without addedL. plantarum299v, and no difference in Fe absorption was observed between the test gruels (1·4 and 1·3 %, respectively). Furthermore, no absorption of Fe in the distal intestine was observed. In conclusion, addition of viable, lyophilized lactobacillus to a heat-inactivated lactic acid-fermented oat gruel does not affect Fe absorption, and no absorption seems to occur in the distal part of the intestine from low Fe bioavailability meals in these women.
ARISTOTLE AND SLAVERY IN ATHENS
Authors: MILLETT PAUL 
Published: September 2007

The New York Daily Tribune for 20 December 1859 reported a pro-slavery meeting held the day before under the banner of ‘Justice for the South’ (the Civil War was less than eighteen months away). A lawyer named O'Connor spoke as follows:Now, Gentlemen, to that condition of bondage the Negro is assigned by Nature…. He has strength, and he has the power to labour; but the Nature which created that power has denied him either the intellect to govern or the willingness to work. (Applause)…. And that Nature which denied him the will to labour gave him a master to coerce that will, and to make him a useful servant in the clime in which he was capable of living useful for himself and for the master who governs him…. I maintain that it is not injustice to leave the Negro in the condition in which Nature placed him, to give him a master to govern him…nor is it depriving him of any of his rights to compel him to labour in return, and afford to that master just compensation for the labour and talent employed in governing him and rendering him useful to himself and to the society.That thoroughly Aristotelian defence of black slavery was identified as such by Karl Marx, reprinted in Kapital as a modern commentary on Aristotle's thinking on the role of the slave-owner.
Knowledge, Belief, and Faith
Authors: Kenny Anthony 
Published: September 2007

AbstractIs belief in God reasonable? Richard Dawkins is right to say that traditional arguments for the existence of God are flawed; but so is his own disproof of the existence of God, and there are gaps in neo-Darwinian explanations of the origin of language, of life, and of the universe. The rational response is neither theism nor atheism but agnosticism. Faith in a creed is no virtue, but mere belief in God may be reasonable even if false.
Determinism as a Thesis about the State of the World from Moment to Moment
Authors: Levi Don S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDeterminism, as the thesis that given the state of the world at a moment there is only one way it can be at the next moment, is problematic. After explaining why the thesis is defined as it is, the paper goes on to raise questions about the terms in which it is defined. Is the ‘world’ to be understood as constituted by whatever figures in our talk or thought, or to what is reconstituted by an ontology seemingly derived from the sciences? Either way of understanding it is shown to be inadequate.
Realism and Empiricism in Hume's Account of Causality
Authors: McBreen Bernard 
Published: September 2007

AbstractHume's empirical approach seems to drain the concept of causality of all content, so that causality in objects is reduced to constant conjunction. His use of language of causality, which is necessarily realist, is undermined by his account of causality, which is not realist. The realist intepretation of Hume, by philosophers such as Galen Strawson, is rejected because it is incompatible with empiricism. However, if Hume's view that we do not have any sensory experience of causing is challenged, then the way is open to give an account of causality which is both empiricist and realist.