bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Der Einfluss von Zwischenhölzern auf das Biegedrillknickverhalten zweiteiliger Brettschichtholzträger
Authors: Eilering Siegfried 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDas Biegedrillknickverhalten von zweiteiligen Brettschichtholzträgern lässt sich durch die Anordnung von Zwischenhölzern deutlich günstiger gestalten. Die Ursache hierfür stellt hauptsächlich die elastische Schubkopplung der beiden Trägerelemente in Längsrichtung dar. Darüber hinaus bewirken die Zwischenhölzer eine elastische Drillkopplung, die dazu führt, dass der Kippvorgang der einzelnen Trägerteile neben den üblichen Verdrehungen und Horizontalverschiebungen zusätzlich auch durch Vertikalverschiebungen bestimmt wird, die zusätzliche Formänderungsarbeit erfordern. In diesem Beitrag werden für ein praxisnahes Trägersystem mit unterschiedlichen Ausführungen der Kopplungen mit Hilfe der Finite‐Elemente‐Methode zum einen die Verzweigungslasten bestimmt und zum anderen auch nichtlineare Elastizitätsberechnungen nach Theorie II.Ordnung durchgeführt, um die für die Auslegung der verwendeten Verbindungsmittel erforderlichen Kopplungskräfte und ‐momente zu erhalten. Die Ergebnisse der Untersuchungen demonstrieren die beachtlichen laststeigernden Effekte der Trägerkopplungen. Zudem zeigt sich, dass bereits die rechnerische Berücksichtigung von ausschließlich an den Auflagern vorhandenen Zwischenhölzern eine nennenswerte Steigerung der Biegedrillknicklasten bewirken kann.
Verdichtungserddruck bei leichter Verdichtung
Authors: Franke Dietrich 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDer Erddruck auf hinterfüllte Wände wird durch die Verdichtung der Hinterfüllung erhöht. In vielen Fällen reicht eine leichte Verdichtung zur Vermeidung größerer Setzungen aus. In Auswertung entsprechender Erddruckmessungen, die in der Vergangenheit in Stuttgart und Dresden durchgeführt wurden, lassen sich die Angaben der neuen DIN 4085 für leichte Verdichtung ergänzen, wenn bestimmte Einschränkungen bei der Auswahl der Verdichtungsgeräte eingehalten werden.
Chitosan – A Sizing Agent in Fabric Production – Development and Ecological Evaluation
Authors: Stegmaier Thomas , Wunderlich Werner , Hager Tom , Siddique Abu Bakr , Sarsour J. , Planck Heinrich 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChitosan, a natural polymer, was investigated as a possible sizing agent in fabric production by appropriate modification in the textile industry. Based on recipe developments at a laboratory‐scale, the ecological and economical potential of mainly cotton yarns were demonstrated and developed. Subsequent tests within the scope of industrial production confirmed the findings of the basic developments. As an interesting alternative to the conventional sizing process involving the removal of the size after weaving, the use of appropriate processing technologies makes it possible to apply chitosan in the form of a sizing agent resistant to wash‐out processes. Therefore, the wash‐out process and the combined wastewater loading can be avoided and the properties of chitosan can be used beneficially in the later applications of the fabric. The traditional method of sizing and weaving developments as well as the analyses of material recycling showed the possibilities of using closed circuits in textile production involving sizing agent and water. It is possible that a chitosan‐specific enzyme suitable for production conditions, which facilitates the wash‐out process in combination with the biodegradation of the wastewater in a sewage plant, could be developed.
Challenge Future – Technical Progress and Globalization
Authors: Jischa Michael F. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCentral elements of the challenges of the future are the population, supply and disposal trap, the question of how the increasing world population will be supplied with long‐lasting and effective sources of energy, raw materials and food? How do we deal with the problems of greenhouse effect, ozone hole, forest dieback, ground erosion, desertification and other environmental threats? Driven by the dynamics of the technical progress the world is in the midst of experiencing the transition from an industrial to an information society. The process of globalization is intrinsically tied to the information society and plays a vital role in the path to a new, digital development of the world. Therefore, new challenges have been added to the traditional ecological challenges at the beginning of the 21st century, which the world community must react swiftly to.
Correlates of patient satisfaction and provider trust after breast‐conserving surgery
Authors: Waljee Jennifer F. , Hu Emily S. , Newman Lisa A. , Alderman Amy K. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlthough breast‐conserving therapy (BCS) is considered the standard of care for early‐stage breast cancer, up to 20% of patients are dissatisfied. The effect of treatment‐related factors on patient satisfaction with their healthcare experiences is unclear.METHODSAll BCS patients at the University of Michigan Medical Center who were treated between January 2002 and May 2006 were surveyed (n = 714; response rate, 79.5%). Patients were queried regarding 4 aspects of their decision for surgery: satisfaction with the decision, decision regret, decisional conflict, and trust in surgeons. Independent variables included the number of re‐excisions, the occurrence of postoperative complications, and postoperative breast appearance, which was assessed by using the Breast Cancer Treatment and Outcomes scale. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of the independent variables on each outcome controlling for demographic and clinical characteristics.RESULTSBreast asymmetry after BCS was correlated significantly with patient satisfaction with their treatment experiences and patient distrust in surgeons. Women who reported pronounced asymmetry were significantly less likely to be satisfied with the decision for surgery compared with women who reported minimal asymmetry (odds ratio [OR], 0.43; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 0.21–0.89). Women with pronounced asymmetry were less likely to be certain about their surgical decision (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.21–0.60) and to believe that they were prepared to make the decision for surgery (OR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.14–0.43). Increasing breast asymmetry was associated with higher surgeon distrust scores (2.14 vs 2.30 vs 2.35; P = .04) and with the occurrence of postoperative complications (distrust score: 2.23 vs 2.35; P = .03). Reoperation after BCS was not associated with patient satisfaction or trust in providers.CONCLUSIONSEsthetic result after BCS was associated more profoundly with aspects of satisfaction than either surgical therapy or the occurrence of postoperative complications. The current findings indicated that surgeons who care for patients with breast cancer should identify the women at an increased risk for breast asymmetry preoperatively to effectively address their expectations of treatment outcomes. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Treatment with bevacizumab and irinotecan for recurrent high‐grade glial tumors
Authors: Bokstein Felix , Shpigel Shulim , Blumenthal Deborah T. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDResponse rates to second‐line chemotherapy in recurrent high‐grade glial tumors are low and new effective treatments are needed. The objective of this study was to evaluate response rates and tolerability of chemotherapy with bevacizumab and irinotecan in recurrent high‐grade gliomas.METHODSTwenty patients with recurrent gliomas were treated with bevacizumab 5 mg/kg and irinotecan 125 mg/m2 every 2 weeks. The response was evaluated by gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging performed every 4 cycles of treatment.RESULTSThe patients received 1 to 22 cycles of treatment. Nine of 19 patients available for response evaluation (47.3%) showed an objective radiologic response: 2 patients (10.5%) a complete response (CR), and 7 patients (36.8%) a partial response (PR). Two additional patients showed stable disease (SD) for 2 and 6 months, respectively. Eight patients developed rapid progression after 1 to 4 cycles of treatment. Median time to progression on treatment was 4.7 months. The 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 25% and 55%, respectively. The adverse effects were mild and in all but 2 cases were no more than grade 2. There were no thrombotic complications or significant bleeding other than epistaxis.CONCLUSIONSThe preliminary data show a promising high response rate of recurrent high‐grade gliomas to chemotherapy with bevacizumab and irinotecan. The regimen is associated with minimal toxicity. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
A unique cell population in the mouse olfactory bulb displays nuclear β‐catenin signaling during development and olfactory sensory neuron regeneration
Authors: Booker‐Dwyer Tiara , Hirsh Sarah , Zhao Haiqing 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOlfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the nose form precise connections with neurons in the brain. However, mechanisms that account for the formation of such precise neuronal connections are incompletely understood. Recent studies implicate the function of Wnt growth factors in the formation of neuronal connections. To assess the role of Wnt signaling in the olfactory system, we examined the expression of β‐galactosidase (β‐gal) in the TOPGAL mouse, a transgenic strain in which β‐gal expression reports the activation of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway. In the olfactory epithelium, no β‐gal expression was observed at any developmental stages. In the olfactory bulb (OB), β‐gal expression was observed in a population of cells located at the interface of the olfactory nerve layer and the glomerular layer. The β‐gal expression was developmentally regulated with the peak expression occurring at late embryonic and early postnatal stages and a greatly reduced expression in adulthood. Further, forced OSN regeneration and subsequent reinnervation of the OB led to a reactivation of β‐gal expression in mature animals. The temporal coincidence between the peak of β‐gal expression and formation of OSN connections, together with the spatial localization of these cells, suggests a potential role of these cells and canonical Wnt signaling in the formation of OSN connections in the OB during development and regeneration. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 control the development of Reelin expressing cortical interneurons
Authors: Cubelos Beatriz , Sebastián‐Serrano Alvaro , Kim Seonhee , Redondo Juan Miguel , Walsh Christopher , Nieto Marta 
Published: March 2008

AbstractHomeodomain transcription factors play important roles in the specification and differentiation of neuronal subpopulations. In the cerebral cortex, the expression patterns of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) suggest a role for these transcription factors in the development of interneurons, a heterogeneous neuronal population. In this report, we describe expression of Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 proteins in Reelin‐secreting interneurons of the cortical plate, but not in calretinin or parvalbumin subpopulations. The role of Cux genes in the development of Reelin positive neurons was studied using Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 knockout mice. These experiments demonstrate that Cux‐1−/−; Cux‐2−/− double mutation is embryonically lethal. Although this phenotype is highly penetrant, a small proportion of mice develop to birth (P0). Analysis of these animals demonstrate that expression of Reelin is completely absent in layers II–IV of Cux‐1−/−; Cux‐2−/− double mutant mice, but it is not affected in the cortex of Cux‐1−/− or Cux‐2−/− single mutants. No Cux‐1−/−; Cux‐2−/− double‐mutant were collected after P0. Since, GABA‐ergic populations mature at late postnatal stages, this did not allow us to analyze the expression of subclass specific markers and define the affected interneuron subpopulations. Our analysis of Cux‐1−/−; Cux‐2−/− double mutant thus demonstrates essential yet redundant roles for Cux‐1 and Cux‐2 in specifying Reelin expressing cortical interneurons. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol, 2008.
A mouse model for tracking nigrostriatal dopamine neuron axon growth
Authors: Vives Joaquim , Sasajala Piriya , Chang Kuo Hsuan , Zhao Suling , Li Meng 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe midbrain dopaminergic system, which consists of neurons of the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area, is a subject of intense interest, since the loss of neurons from the substantia nigra results in motor disorders characteristic of Parkinson's disease. We have generated a knock‐in reporter mouse line with the tau‐lacZ fusion gene inserted into the Pitx3 locus via homologous recombination. This approach permitted the visualisation of midbrain specific dopaminergic axonal tracts from both the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental area in phenotypically normal heterozygous Pitx3‐taulacZ brain tissues, either in situ or following culture in vitro, by a simple and sensitive β‐galactosidase enzyme reaction. Thus the Pitx3‐taulacZ mice could serve as a valuable tool for the identification of molecules regulating midbrain dopaminergic neuritogenesis, either in vivo in combination with genetic manipulation in mice, or in vitro using organ cultures. genesis 46:125–131, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous Cre‐mediated conditional knockdown of two genes in mice
Authors: Steuber‐Buchberger Patricia , Wurst Wolfgang , Kühn Ralf 
Published: March 2008

AbstractOne of the most promising techniques to manipulate gene expression in vivo is the use of RNA interference (RNAi). Various approaches were developed to use RNAi in the mouse, including vector‐based expression of short hairpin RNAs and the Cre/loxP recombination system. We combined these two approaches to create a vector system that allows the time‐ and tissue‐specific control of two genes at the same time. For this purpose two independent conditional shRNA expression cassettes are combined into a single construct. By the use of different, incompatible pairs of lox sites that flank transcriptional stop cassettes, Cre recombinase can independently activate both short hairpins. Here, we show that Cre simultaneously activates both shRNAs in vitro and in vivo. We applied this technique to silence the widely coexpressed gene pairs Gsk‐3α/Gsk‐3β and Erk1/Erk2 in murine embryonic stem cells and in the mouse brain. genesis 46:144–151, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamic rearrangement of surface proteins is essential for cytokinesis
Authors: Bauer Tobias , Motosugi Nami , Miura Koichi , Sabe Hisataka , Hiiragi Takashi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCytokinesis is a complex process that involves dynamic cortical rearrangement. Our recent time‐lapse recordings of the mouse egg unexpectedly revealed a high motility of the second polar body (2pb). Experiments to address its underlying mechanism show that neither mechanical compression by the zona pellucida nor the connection via the mid‐body is required for the 2pb movement. Time‐lapse recordings establish that the 2pb moves together with the cell membrane. These recordings, in which cell surface proteins are labeled with fluorescent latex‐microbeads or monovalent antibodies against whole mouse proteins, indicate that the majority of the surface proteins dynamically accumulate in the cleavage furrow at every cell division. Comparable dynamics of the cell surface proteins, and specifically of E‐cadherin, are also observed in cultured epithelial cells. The surface protein dynamics are closely correlated with, and dependent on, those of the underlying cortical actin. The cortical actin network may form a scaffold for membrane proteins and thereby transfer them during contractile ring formation toward the cleavage furrow. Immobilization of surface proteins by tetravalent lectin‐mediated crosslinking results in the failure of cleavage, demonstrating that the observed protein dynamics are essential for cytokinesis. We propose that dynamic rearrangement of the cell surface proteins is a common feature of cytokinesis, playing a key role in modifying the mechanical properties of the cell membrane during cortical ingression. genesis 46:152–162, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidoperoxidotungsten(VI) Complexes with Secondary Hydroxamic Acids: Synthesis, Structure and Catalytic Uses in Highly Efficient, Selective and Ecologically Benign Oxidation of Olefins, Alcohols, Sulfides and Amines with H2O2 as a Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Maiti Swarup K. , Dinda Subhajit , Banerjee Surajit , Mukherjee Alok K. , Bhattacharyya Ramgopal 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe reaction of a solution of freshly precipitated WO3 in H2O2 separately with the secondary hydroxamic acids N‐benzoyl‐N‐phenylhydroxamic acid (BPHAH), N‐benzoyl‐N‐ortho‐tolylhydroxamic acid (BOTHAH), N‐benzoyl‐N‐meta‐tolylhydroxamic acid (BMTHAH), N‐benzoyl‐N‐para‐tolylhydroxamic acid (BPTHAH) and N‐cinnamyl‐N‐phenylhydroxamic acid (CPHAH) afforded [WO(O2)(BPHA)2] (1), [WO(O2)(BOTHA)2] (2), [WO(O2)(BMTHA)2] (3), [WO(O2)(BPTHA)2] (4) and [WO(O2)(CPHA)2] (5), respectively. Aqueous tungstate solution, on reaction with all these hydroxamic acids, produced [W(O)2(hydroxamato)2] (6). The complexes show excellent catalytic functions in the oxidation of (a) olefins at room temperature in the presence of NaHCO3 as promoter, (b) alcohols, sulfides and amines, at reflux, with H2O2 as a terminal oxidant, yielding a high turnover number (TON), the highest being for olefin‐to‐epoxide conversion. An attempt to synthesize peroxide‐rich complexes of the type PPh4[WO(O2)2(hydroxamato)] (7), for example PPh4[WO(O2)2BMTHA] (7C), resulted in the isolation of PPh4[WO(O2)2(C6H5COO)] (8), which was probably obtained by the hydrolysis of coordinated BMTHA.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Effect of olive fruit freezing on oxidative stability of virgin olive oil
Authors: Poerio Alba , Bendini Alessandra , Cerretani Lorenzo , Bonoli‐Carbognin Matteo , Lercker Giovanni 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have suggested that the phenolic fraction plays an important role during storage and therefore in the shelf life of virgin olive oil. This investigation examines the effect of freezing olives (–18 °C) before processing into oil on the transfer of the phenolic compounds into the subsequent oil, and the consequential changes in oxidative stability. Oil samples obtained from frozen olives (24 h at –18 °C), crushed with and without preliminary thawing, were compared to a control sample; both oils were obtained using a two‐phase low‐scale mill. The oxidative stability in different samples was assessed in terms of primary and secondary oxidation products as measured by peroxide values and oxidative stability index times, respectively. The quality of the oil samples was also checked through the percentage of free acidity and the phenolic content. Phenols were determined by both spectrophotometric assays (total phenols and o‐diphenols) and HPLC‐DAD/MSD. The antiradical capacity of the phenolic fraction was determined by DPPH and ABTS spectrophotometric tests. These analyses showed that thawing of olives before oil extraction led to a significant loss of oxidative stability and phenols; in contrast, samples obtained from frozen olives that were not thawed before crushing showed qualitative characteristics similar to control samples.
Small molecule c‐MET inhibitor PHA665752: Effect on cell growth and motility in papillary thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Chattopadhyay Chandrani , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Williams Michelle D. , Clayman Gary L. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBackgroundc‐Met is upregulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and can be an attractive therapeutic target. We tested the effects of the small molecule c‐met inhibitor PHA665752 in blocking c‐met–dependent phenotypic effects in PTC cell lines.MethodsPTC patient tissues and cell lines were evaluated for c‐met expression. The effect of PHA665752 on c‐met phosphorylation, downstream signaling, hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)–dependent cell growth, and induction of apoptosis was studied. The IC50 of PHA665752 in c‐met–expressing PTC cells was determined, and growth curves at 0.1×, 1×, and 10× IC50 concentrations were obtained. Poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase (PARP) and caspase‐9‐processing post‐PHA665752 treatment were studied as markers of apoptosis, and assays analyzing HGF‐dependent cell invasion and migration in the presence and absence of PHA665752 were done.Resultsc‐Met was upregulated in most of the patient tissues with PTC and in many PTC cell lines. PHA665752 specifically inhibited c‐met phosphorylation, c‐met–dependent cell growth, signal transduction, cell survival, cell invasion, and migration in PTC cells with high c‐met.ConclusionsPHA665752 is an effective and specific inhibitor of c‐met in PTC cells with high levels of c‐met expression. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2008
Lytic lesions in the femoral neck: Importance of location and evaluation of a novel minimally invasive repair technique
Authors: Kaneko Tadashi S. , Skinner Harry B. , Keyak Joyce H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractProximal femoral metastases can lead to pathologic fracture. The goals of this study were to improve guidelines for assessing pathologic hip fracture risk by quantifying the effect of location of femoral neck metastases on hip strength under single‐limb stance loading and to evaluate the effectiveness of a proposed minimally invasive surgical repair technique for restoring hip strength. Twelve matched pairs of human cadaveric proximal femora were used to create a total of 564 finite element models before and after introduction and repair of simulated lytic defects, modeled as spherical voids, at various locations within the femoral neck. Defect site greatly affected hip strength (p < 0.001). Defects in the inferomedial aspect of the neck and in the dense trabecular bone near the base of the femoral head had the greatest effect, with hip strengths 23% to 72% and 43% to 64% that of the intact strength, respectively, for 20‐mm diameter defects. Even so, the proposed percutaneous repair technique restored static strength of femora with defects at all of the studied locations. These findings may lead to a reduction in the number of patients who suffer a preventable pathologic fracture, a decreased likelihood of unnecessary surgery, and a less invasive prophylactic surgical procedure. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1127–1132, 2008
In vivo cartilage contact deformation of human ankle joints under full body weight
Authors: Wan Lu , de Asla Richard J. , Rubash Harry E. , Li Guoan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractQuantitative data on in vivo deformation of articular cartilage is important for understanding the articular joint function and the etiology of degenerative joint diseases such as osteoarthritis. This study experimentally determined the in vivo cartilage thickness distribution and articular cartilage contact strain distribution in human ankle joints under full body weight loading conditions using a combined dual fluoroscopic and magnetic resonance imaging technique. The average cartilage thickness with the joint non–weight bearing was found to be 1.43 mm ± 0.15 mm and 1.42 mm ± 0.18 mm in the distal tibial and proximal talar cartilage layers, respectively. During weight bearing on a single leg, the strain distribution data revealed that 42.4% ± 15.7% of the contact area had contact strain higher than 15% in the ankle joint. Peak cartilage contact strain reached 34.5% ± 7.3%. This quantitative data on in vivo human cartilage morphology and deformation demonstrated that the cartilage may undergo large deformations under the loading conditions experienced in human ankle joints during daily activities. The in vivo cartilage contact deformation can be used as displacement boundary conditions in three‐dimensional (3D) finite element models of the joint to calculate in vivo 3D articular cartilage contact stress/strain distributions. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:1081–1089, 2008