bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Caffeic acid phenethyl ester modulatesHelicobacter pylori‐induced nuclear factor‐kappa B and activator protein‐1 expression in gastric epithelial cells
Authors: Abdel‐Latif Mohamed M M , Windle Henry J , Homasany Basma S El , Sabra Kamal , Kelleher Dermot 
Published: October 2005

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), an active component of propolis from honeybee hives (honeybee resin), has anti‐inflammatory, anti‐carcinogenic and anti‐bacterial properties. This study was designed to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effects of CAPE onHelicobacter pylori‐induced NF‐κB and AP‐1 in the gastric epithelial cell line AGS.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to measure NF‐κB‐ and AP‐1‐DNA binding activity. Western blotting was used to detect IκB‐αand COX‐2 expression in AGS cells cocultured withH. pylori. The antiproliferative effect of CAPE was measured by MTT assay.Our results showed that caffeic phenethyl ester inhibitsH. pylori‐induced NF‐κB and AP‐1 DNA‐binding activity in a dose (0.1–25 μg ml−1∼0.35–88 μM) and time‐ (15–240 min) dependent manner in AGS cells. Maximum inhibition by CAPE was observed at concentrations of 25 μg ml−1(∼88 μM) CAPE preventedH. pylori‐ and cytokine‐induced degradation of IκB‐αprotein.Pretreatment of AGS cells with CAPE also blocked cytokine‐ and mitogen‐induced NF‐κB and AP‐1 expression. Furthermore, CAPE suppressedH. pylori‐induced cell proliferation and production of the cytokines TNF‐αand IL‐8. In addition, CAPE blockedH. pylori‐induced COX‐2 expression.The inhibition of such transcription by CAPE could result in suppression of many genes duringH. pylori‐induced inflammation, and also provide new insights into the anti‐cancer and anti‐inflammatory properties of CAPE.British Journal of Pharmacology(2005)146, 1139–1147. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706421
The Financial Economics of Privatization
Authors: Megginson William Leon 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This book explores the different aspects of privatization. It charts the emergence of privatization and looks at how and why countries privatize their state-owned enterprises (SOEs). It examines the impact of privatization on financial markets, and transition and nontransition economies. It analyzes the privatization experiences of five industries that have seen the largest number of state ownership sales: telecommunications, banking, oil and gas, electricity production and distribution, and commercial airlines. The key lessons of privatization based on experience and empirical research as well as unresolved issues in privatization policy and research are discussed.
Privatization Industry Studies
Authors: Megginson William Leon 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines why governments are choosing to privatize state-owned banks (SOBs), how they are selling SOBs, and whether these sales have achieved the goals set by the divesting governments. The overall impact of state ownership of banks has been disastrous in almost every country. Reducing state influence on credit allocation decisions is essential for countries seeking to establish a more efficient and market-oriented economy. Privatizing governments should completely divest their ownership in banks whenever and wherever it is politically feasible to do so. Privatization is also associated with performance improvements in divested banks, though the extent of improvement varies by region and stage of national development.
Conversionist Churches and Social Action
Authors: Unruh Heidi Rolland , Sider Ronald J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe current conversation about faith-based initiatives calls for closer attention to socially active conversionist churches—those that serve society alongside, or motivated by, a desire to save souls. Five main dialectical qualities depict these churches' public mission: engaged orthodoxy that balances this-worldly engagement with anticipation of other-worldly salvation; a whole-person anthropology, concerned with meeting both spiritual and social needs; invitational voluntarism that recruits others to Christian faith while respecting their free will; expressive relationalism that promotes caring relationships as a channel for communicating the gospel; and expanded individualism that values personal regeneration and structural reform as mutually reinforcing objectives. These attributes help to explain how conversionist churches are able to adapt and diversify their outreach strategies to expand their access to secular resources. The impact of socially engaged conversionist churches is likely disproportionate to their number, particularly among evangelical, inner-city and ethnic minority congregations.
Six Myths about Informal Networks— and How to Overcome Them
Authors: Cross Rob , Nohria Nitin , Parker Andrew 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter dispels six commonly held assumptions about networks in organizations. These myths include: (i) to build better networks, we have to communicate more; (ii) everyone should be connected to everyone else; (iii) we can't do much to aid informal networks; (iv) how people fit into networks is a matter of personality (which can't be changed); (v) central people who have become bottlenecks should make themselves more accessible; and (vi) I already know what is going on in my network.
Keeping Communities of Practice Afloat: Understanding and Fostering Roles in Communities
Authors: Fontaine Michael A. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter illustrates the importance of formal and informal roles within a community of practice. These roles, which range from planning community events to maintaining a community website, can help foster community participation and ensure that both individuals and organizations are making the most of their community investment. The chapter describes a study of communities in eighteen firms, which led to the identification of eleven formal and informal community roles.
Knowledge Resource Exchange in Strategic Alliances
Authors: Parise Salvatore , Henderson John C. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the different types of knowledge that are shared within an alliance relationship, and how the knowledge exchanges between different partners can influence the development of a larger alliance strategy. It presents a conceptual model, the Partner Resource Exchange Model, that addresses the nature of the knowledge resource exchange based on three critical dimensions of knowledge (tacitness, specificity, and complexity), as well as the role of the partner in an industry context (complementor, competitor, supplier, customer, and other). Alliance announcements from two major computer hardware firms: Sun Microsystems, Inc. and Dell Computer Corporation, from 1990 to 1998, were analyzed to illustrate the application of the model.
The Rite of Dedication
Authors: Bado-Fralick Nikki 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis chapter discusses the Rite of Dedication, the first formal, ritualized step toward initiation into the coven. This ceremony of self-blessing and dedication to study marks a change in the status of the student from the merely curious to the serious seeker. The rite formally blesses and dedicates the student to a path of self-discovery that may lead to initiation. Dedication marks a significant step in the acquisition of skills for the student and demands an intensified commitment to the learning process from both the student and the teaching Witch.
The Slaying of Meghanada
Authors: Datta Michael Madhusudan 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
“The poem is rising into splendid popularity. Some say it is better than Milton — but that is all bosh — nothing can be better than Milton; many say it licks Kalidasa; I have no objection to that. I don't think it impossible to equal Virgil, Kalidasa, and Tasso.” Michael Madhusudan Datta wrote this in a letter to a friend about his verse narrative, The Slaying of Meghanada (1861). The epic, a Bengali version of the Ramayana story in which Ravana, not Rama, is the hero, has become a classic of Indian literature. Datta lived in Bengal at the height of what is frequently called the Bengal Renaissance, a time so labeled for its reinvigoration and reconfiguration of the Hindu past and for the florescence of the literary arts. It was also a period when the Bengali city of Kolkata was a center of world trade-the second city of the British empire — and thus a site of cultural exchange between India and the West. Datta was the perfect embodiment of this time and place. The Slaying of Meghanada is deeply influenced by western epic tradition, and is sprinkled with nods to Homer, Milton, and Dante. Datta's deft intermingling of western and eastern literary traditions brought about a sea change in South Asian literature, and is generally considered to mark the dividing line between pre-modern and modern Bengali literature. Datta's masterpiece is now accessible to readers of English in this translation, which captures both the sense and the spirit of the original. The poem is supplemented by an extensive introduction, notes, and a glossary.
Shall They Till with Their Own Hoes?
Authors: Mwase Isaac M. T. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter recounts the development of a Baptist community in Zimbabwe, founded by Southern Baptist missionaries from the United States. Missionaries built religious institutions to support extensive denominational work: a theological seminary, a hospital, a media center, bookstores, and schools. Following Zimbabwe’s formation out of formerly white-ruled southern Rhodesia, the Southern Baptists began to hand over the work to local leaders and began to reduce subsidies for the mission-founded institutions. Most have declined or disbanded, but Zimbabwean Baptists have struggled to sustain theological education. Debates ensued over the meaning of partnership and the problem of dependency, and a significant tension has grown in the cross-cultural relationship between the Zimbabwean and the Southern Baptist churches.
Christian Witness in the Public Sphere
Authors: Bediako Kwame 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter describes the role of Christian churches, leaders and ideas in the democratization of Africa, with a focus on Ghana. The author argues first that African Christianity needs to be understood on African terms. European and American assumptions about religion and politics are framed by the history of the “Christendom” cultural ideal and the current secular outlook of the North Atlantic world and thus are less relevant for African politics. There is a new public theology arising that contests the tendency in traditional Africa to vest political power with sacred authority. Recounting the election of a democratic challenger to succeed Ghana’s authoritarian president, Jerry Rawlings, Bediako sees evidence that this new Christian public theology is changing the political culture in a genuinely democratic direction.
The Damage of Moral Damage
Authors: Tessman Lisa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis chapter explores problems with utilizing the concept of moral damage for discussing oppressed people. Highlighting what are actually wounds due to oppressive conditions can unintentionally lend credibility to a victim-blaming stance that attributes a group’s subordination to an inherent or self-perpetuating inferiority. Indeed, this is exactly the fate met by African-Americans who have been persistently portrayed as damaged and as exhibiting character traits such as “criminality” and “dependency.” Even if one exposes the systemic sources of moral damage and points to this moral damage in the oppressed as evidence of injustices against them, such an argument may not be heard against a background in which the supposed character flaws of members of subordinated groups have been used to condemn these groups as the source of their own problems. And yet, simply denying that there is anything wrong with the self obscures from the view of liberatory thinkers the need to theorize what sort of a self one ought to try to be to survive and resist oppression, and steers activists away from projects—difficult as they may be—of transforming the self.
Two Baptist Girls
Authors: Smith Christian , Denton Melinda Lundquist 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter presents the stories of two white 16-year-old Baptist girls, who shared their views about various topics including their families, school, religion, and sex. Their stories provide a human face to the statistics presented in this book, and highlight the central themes that emerged from interviews with various American teenagers. Among these are that American teens experience and represent in their lives various religious and spiritual beliefs, practices, experiences, identities, and attitudes; that there are many adolescents in the United States for whom religion and spirituality are important; and that religious faith and practice in American teenagers’ lives operate in a social and institutional environment that is highly competitive for time, attention, and energy.
Mapping the Big Picture
Authors: Smith Christian , Denton Melinda Lundquist 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter presents data from the National Survey of Youth and Religion. Among the survey’s findings are that three quarters of U.S. teens between 13 and 17 years old are Christians. About one-half are Protestant, and one-quarter are Catholic. Teenagers who are pagan or Wiccan represent less than one-third of 1 percent of U.S. teens. The Protestant denominations of the congregations teens attend, religious self-identities of the parents of teens, belief similarity of religions adolescents, religious tradition, religious service attendance, characteristics of religious faith, religious and spiritual beliefs and experiences, personal religious practices, religious groups activities, and teens’ evaluations of religious congregations are discussed.
Spiritual Seekers, the Disengaged, and Religiously Devoted Teens
Authors: Smith Christian , Denton Melinda Lundquist 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter examines three specific groups of American teenagers: “religious seekers” who claim to be “spiritual but not religious”, teenagers who identify themselves as nonreligious and who never attend religious services, and teens who are highly religiously active and devoted. It is shown that most American teenagers espouse rather inclusive, pluralistic, and individualistic views about religious truth, identity boundaries, and need for religious congregation. Parents of teenagers strongly influence the character of their children’s religious lives. Teens who are more religiously serious and active are also more likely to be involved in a larger number of other programs — clubs, hobby groups, sports, or other organized activities; less religiously active teens tend to be involved in fewer.
God, Religion, Whatever
Authors: Smith Christian , Denton Melinda Lundquist 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter explores American adolescents’ thoughts, beliefs, and feelings about and experiences of religious faith and spirituality, drawing from interviews of 267 teens in 45 states. In most cases, teenage religion and spirituality in the US can be seen as a reflection of the world of adult religion, especially parental religion. Few teenagers are rejecting or reacting against the adult religion into which they are being socialized. Rather, most are living out their religious lives in very conventional and accommodating ways.
On Catholic Teens*
Authors: Smith Christian , Denton Melinda Lundquist 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter explores the question of why U.S. Catholic teenagers seem less religiously engaged than their teenage counterparts in other U.S. Christian traditions. Several reasons were identified to explain the lack of religious engagement of Catholic teens. One is that Catholic teenagers significantly reflect the relative religious laxity of their parents. Thus, the evident “problem” of Catholic teens can be viewed in part as a larger challenge of Catholic adults generally, and parents specifically.
Concluding Unscientific Postscript
Authors: Smith Christian , Denton Melinda Lundquist 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter discusses some of the possible implications of the National Study of Youth and Religion’s survey for communities of faith. Religious communities should stop presuming that U.S. teenagers are actively alienated by religion, are dropping out of their religious congregations in large numbers, cannot relate to adults in their congregations, and need some radically new “postmodern” type of program or ministry. Instead, parents, pastors, ministers, religious educators, and congregational leaders must improve their ability to engage and challenge the youth already at their disposal, and help them make faith a more active and relevant part of their lives.
Quantities of Lifetime Wellbeing
Authors: Broome John 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis chapter defines a quantitative notion of a person’s lifetime wellbeing. It does so on the basis of betterness among uncertain prospects, using expected utility theory (which the chapter explains) and a theorem of John Harsanyi. It adopts the assumption of Daniel Bernoulli that wellbeing is risk-neutral. It gives an account of interpersonal comparisons of wellbeing.
On the Chances of Ethnocultural Justice in East Central Europe
Authors: Várady Tibor 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter argues that ethnocultural neutrality and group-neutral regulation cannot accommodate cultural pluralism nor guarantee stability and peace between ethnic majorities and minorities in East Central Europe. Traditional liberal attitudes lack empathy towards maintaining diversity. When faced with the hard facts of ethnic pluralism and rivalry, traditional liberal precepts are unable to find viable models of accommodation and cohabitation.
Ethnocultural Justice in East European States and the Case of the Czech Roma
Authors: Barša Pavel 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This paper comments on the proposals put forth by Kymlicka’s paper. It shows that a desired reconstruction of liberalism cannot be completed unless liberal nationalism is assessed alongside the liberal neutralism criticised by Kymlicka. It defends the distinction between immigrant and European countries as empirically important. It then applies Kymlicka’s approach of ethnocultural diversity to Czech Roma to show that these concepts and their practical implications are helpful, even for the descriptive and normative assessment of groups that do not fit neatly into either of the two basic categories he proposes.
Universal Thought, Eastern Facts: Scrutinizing National Minority Rights in Romania
Authors: Andreescu Gabriel 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This paper analyses minority rights in Romania. It argues that the costs of minority rights are not very high, and that many societies can pay them. Minority rights are often a matter of political will rather than cost; real limits exist only under circumstances of severe scarcity. This is true to a certain extent in Romania, and its main minorities — the Hungarians and the Roma. Although there is no real financial obstacle to solving the Hungarian demand for a Hungarian language state university, there are limits in promoting an affirmative action programme for the Roma.
Can Will Kymlicka Be Exported to Russia?
Authors: Opalski Magda 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This paper examines how liberal political theory addresses the issue of ethnocultural diversity in Russia. Russian liberals are still in the early stage of efforts to articulate a vision of post-Soviet Russia. Slow to liberate itself from the legacy of the Soviet system, the culture relies on the language of institutionalised ethnicity, ethnic federalism, and ethnic group rights. Built on assumptions of ascribed status, collectivism, and primordialism, Russia’s current political culture provides not fertile soil for the adoption of Kymlicka’ model of liberal pluralism.
Arbitrage Theory in Continuous Time
Authors: Björk Tomas 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This book presents an introduction to arbitrage theory and its applications to problems for financial derivatives. This second edition includes more advanced materials; appendices on measure theory, probability theory, and martingale theory; and a new chapter on the martingale approach to arbitrage theory. The chapters cover the binomial model, a general one period model, stochastic integrals, differential equations, portfolio dynamics, arbitrage pricing, completeness and hedging, parity relations and delta hedging, the martingale approach, incomplete markets, dividends, currency derivatives, barrier options, stochastic optimal control, bonds and interest rates, short rate models, forward rate models, and LIBOR and swap market models.
Completeness and Hedging
Authors: Björk Tomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn the previous chapter, the derivation of the pricing equation required the assumption that the derivative asset a priori possessed a price process, and actually was traded on the market. This chapter examines arbitrage pricing from a different perspective, which eliminates the need for the aforementioned assumption, and explains the fact that the simple claims investigated earlier can be given a unique price. Practice exercises are included.
Parity Relations and Delta Hedging
Authors: Björk Tomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe structure of the hedging portfolio is quite complicated, and is continuously rebalanced. This continuous rebalancing presents a problem since real life trading has a cost. For managerial purposes, it would be better to replicate a claim with a portfolio that remains constant over time — the buy-and-hold portfolio. This chapter analyses the buy-and-hold portfolio, sensitivity measures known as “the greeks”, and delta and gamma hedging. Practice exercises are included.
Multidimensional Models: Martingale Approach
Authors: Björk Tomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis chapter analyses a multidimensional model using the martingale machinery of Chapter 10. This model is more general than the one used in the previous chapter to obtain more general results, and enhance the understanding of the pricing and hedging problems for Wiener driven models. A self-contained proof of the Second Fundamental Theorem is presented. A practice exercise is included.
Forward Rate Models
Authors: Björk Tomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe drawbacks associated with short rate models have prompted various authors to propose models that use more than one state variable. In the method proposed by Heath-Jarrow-Morton (HJM), the entire forward rate curve is chosen as the (infinite dimensional) state variable. This chapter discusses the HJM framework, martingale modelling, and the Musiela parameterization. Practice exercises are included.
LIBOR and Swap Market Models
Authors: Björk Tomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA number of models have been successfully developed wherein the theoretical prices for caps, floors, and swaptions produced by the model are of the Black-76 form. In these models, discrete market rates are modelled like LIBOR rates in the LIBOR market models or forward swap rates in the swap market models; and under a suitable choice of numeraires, market rates can be modelled log normally. LIBOR caps and the market practice for pricing and quoting these instruments are discussed. It is shown that given a swap market model, the LIBOR rates will not be lognormal; thus, LIBOR market models and swap models are generally incompatible. Practice exercises are included.
The Life and Thought of Evagrius Ponticus
Authors: Dysinger OSB Luke 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
This chapter discusses the life and writings of Evagrius Ponticus. The main source of information on Evagrius’ life is Palladius, Bishop of Helenopolis, who spent nine years as a disciple of Evagrius in the desert of Kellia. Evagrius’ writings are classified along a spectrum, with narrative treaties at one end, and collections of gnomic sentences at the other. His understanding of the spiritual life is summarized as ‘the mind’s long journey to the Holy Trinity’.