bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Obese Taste Bud study: Objectives and study design
Authors: Kersten Alexander , Lorenz Andrea , Nottmeier Cita , Schmidt Michael , Roesner Anuschka , Richter Florian Christoph , Röhrborn Kristin , Witte A. Veronica , Hahnel Sebastian , Koehne Till , Blüher Matthias , Stumvoll Michael , Rohde‐Zimmermann Kerstin , Schamarek Imke 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimsTaste modifies eating behaviour, impacting body weight and potentially obesity development. The Obese Taste Bud (OTB) Study is a prospective cohort study launched in 2020 at the University of Leipzig Obesity Centre in cooperation with the HI‐MAG Institute. OTB will test the hypothesis that taste cell homeostasis and taste perception are linked to obesity. Here, we provide the study design, data collection process and baseline characteristics.Materials and MethodsParticipants presenting overweight, obesity or normal weight undergo taste and smell tests, anthropometric, and taste bud density (TBD) assessment on Day 1. Information on physical and mental health, eating behaviour, physical activity, and dental hygiene are obtained, while biomaterial (saliva, tongue swap, blood) is collected in the fasted state. Further blood samples are taken during a glucose tolerance test. A stool sample is collected at home prior to Day 2, on which a taste bud biopsy follows dental examination. A subsample undergoes functional magnetic resonance imaging while exposed to eating‐related cognitive tasks. Follow‐up investigations after conventional weight loss interventions and bariatric surgery will be included.ResultsInitial results show that glycated haemoglobin levels and age are negatively associated with TBD, while an unfavourable metabolic profile, current dieting, and vegan diet are related to taste perception. Olfactory function negatively correlates with age and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol.ConclusionInitial findings suggest that metabolic alterations are relevant for taste and smell function and TBD. By combining omics data from collected biomaterial with physiological, metabolic and psychological data related to taste perception and eating behaviour, the OTB study aims to strengthen our understanding of taste perception in obesity.
A comprehensive exploration of artificial intelligence competence frameworks for educators: A critical review
Authors: Mikeladze Tamar , Meijer Paulien C. , Verhoeff Roald P. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRecent literature underscores the need for teachers to develop AI competencies with a recognition of the current lack of well‐defined competence frameworks. This critical review investigates teachers' Artificial Intelligence (AI) competence frameworks (AI CFTs), analysing their strengths, weaknesses and practical applications for researchers, educators and policymakers. It identifies five distinct types of AI CFTs within Competence Construct Claims (Child, S., & Shaw, S. 2023). A conceptual approach to validating competence frameworks. Research Matters: A Cambridge University Press & Assessment publication, 35, 27–40.), each addressing the complexities of AI in its early stages. Notably, frameworks derived from empirical data offer detailed descriptions of competencies, while those based on conceptual models provide broader overviews. Highlighting the need for further empirical research, this review helps identify and understand existing approaches to teacher AI competence development and paves the way for integrating AI CFTs into teacher education, ultimately enhancing educators' preparedness to harness AI in their teaching practices.
A scalable spiking amygdala model that explains fear conditioning, extinction, renewal and generalization
Authors: Duggins Peter , Eliasmith Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe amygdala (AMY) is widely implicated in fear learning and fear behaviour, but it remains unclear how the many biological components present within AMY interact to achieve these abilities. Building on previous work, we hypothesize that individual AMY nuclei represent different quantities and that fear conditioning arises from error‐driven learning on the synapses between AMY nuclei. We present a computational model of AMY that (a) recreates the divisions and connections between AMY nuclei and their constituent pyramidal and inhibitory neurons; (b) accommodates scalable high‐dimensional representations of external stimuli; (c) learns to associate complex stimuli with the presence (or absence) of an aversive stimulus; (d) preserves feature information when mapping inputs to salience estimates, such that these estimates generalize to similar stimuli; and (e) induces a diverse profile of neural responses within each nucleus. Our model predicts (1) defensive responses and neural activities in several experimental conditions, (2) the consequence of artificially ablating particular nuclei and (3) the tendency to generalize defensive responses to novel stimuli. We test these predictions by comparing model outputs to neural and behavioural data from animals and humans. Despite the relative simplicity of our model, we find significant overlap between simulated and empirical data, which supports our claim that the model captures many of the neural mechanisms that support fear conditioning. We conclude by comparing our model to other computational models and by characterizing the theoretical relationship between pattern separation and fear generalization in healthy versus anxious individuals.
Pippin's The Culmination, ‘logic as metaphysics’, and the unintelligibility of Dasein
Authors: McManus Denis 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRobert Pippin's new book, The Culmination, examines Heidegger's reading and critique of Kant and Hegel. Since Pippin is perhaps best known as one of the most influential contemporary advocates for the importance of engaging with the difficult work of Hegel in particular, it will no doubt surprise quite a few of his readers that, on some fundamental points, the book concludes that “Heidegger is right” (p. xi). In the present piece, I explore some intriguing issues that Pippin's book raises. Although the disagreement between his principal parties is obviously central to his discussion, my main focus is on a possible point of important agreement that that discussion also opens up, in light of which Heidegger might be fruitfully interpreted as pursuing a variant of a Kantian/Hegelian project, though this will also lead me to make a number of critical points about Pippin's reading of Heidegger: although there are grounds for thinking that Pippin's Heidegger does subscribe to such a project, some of the considerations that Pippin advances in arguing that “Heidegger is right” sit uncomfortably—it seems to me—with that project.
What is Alzheimer's disease? An analysis of nosological perspectives from the 20th and 21st centuries
Authors: Villain Nicolas , Michalon Robin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundRecent US proposals suggest defining Alzheimer's disease (AD) based on β‐amyloidosis alone. This sparked debates that echoed historical ones about the significance of brain lesions and clinical phenotype.MethodsThis review covers debates on AD nosology through three key periods: AD's discovery in German‐speaking countries in the early 20th century, its redefinition in Anglo‐Saxon countries in the 1960s–1980s, and current debates on the biological or clinicobiological definitions of AD. Key players' opinions are focused on.ResultsAt the beginning of the 20th century, AD was defined as a clinicopathological entity. Debates arose around the pathological anchor, which included extended neurofibrillary tangles versus neuritic plaques (Alzheimer vs. Fischer) and its association with senile dementia (Kraepelin). In the 1960s–1980s, the debate shifted towards whether AD could be diagnosed using qualitative or quantitative neuropathological features and whether it was a unique process (Terry and Katzman) or had subtypes (Roth). The current definition proposed by the US Alzheimer's Association is based purely on biological β‐amyloid abnormalities and represents a double break: from the historical clinicopathological definition of AD and from the historical emphasis on tau or combined tau and β‐amyloid high levels of pathology. Conversely, the clinicobiological proposal of the International Working Group remains aligned with historical concepts of AD.ConclusionsThis historical perspective illustrates the unresolved questions surrounding AD pathogenesis, role of lesions, and the clinical phenotype, especially for sporadic cases. The intense nosological debates throughout the history of AD also illustrate the diversity of theoretical frameworks for defining disease in medicine.
Relationships Among Parental Self‐Efficacy, Home Learning Activities, and Child Skills
Authors: Gessulat Juliane , Kluczniok Katharina , Oppermann Elisa , Anders Yvonne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo investigate relationships among parental self‐efficacy, home learning activities, and children's socioemotional and language skills for preschool children.BackgroundHigher parental self‐efficacy is often related to better child skills and with more home learning activities. However, the relationships between parental self‐efficacy, home learning activities, and children's skills have not yet been investigated.MethodThe path models draw on data from 727 parents of preschool children (full sample: 85.1% female, 50.9% employed, 24.8% non‐German family language) and a subsample of 108 parents of preschool children who soon transition to elementary school in Germany. The self‐report data come from the German evaluation study “Language Daycare Centers.”ResultsWe found significant positive links among (a) general parental self‐efficacy with home learning activities and children's language skills, (b) language supporting parental self‐efficacy with home learning activities and children's socioemotional skills, and (c) a negative link between language supporting parental self‐efficacy and children's socioemotional problems.ConclusionThe more self‐efficacious parents felt, the more often they offered home learning activities and the higher they rated their children's language skills at age 5 years.ImplicationThe findings highlight the importance of parental self‐efficacy for engaging with children and the positive parental assessment of children's skills. Promoting parental self‐efficacy might stimulate home learning activities and improve the home learning environment.
A hybrid frequency‐time domain life prediction method based on the critical plane theory
Authors: Wang Yantian , Qiu Yuanying , Li Jing , Bai Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study proposes a multiaxial rainflow counting method to realize simultaneous counting of four‐channel data. The power spectral density (PSD) expressions of stresses and strains in different planes are derived according to multiaxial theories to address the fatigue problems under random vibration loading. This study takes the plane with maximum variance of shear strain PSD as the critical plane and proposes a hybrid frequency‐time domain life prediction method for calculating the life under random vibration loading in combination with the proposed new multiaxial rainflow counting method. Both the feasibilities of the proposed multiaxial rainflow counting method and hybrid frequency‐time domain life prediction method are verified by using the multiaxial fatigue experimental results of 6061‐T6 and 7075‐T6 aluminum alloys under random loading. Meanwhile, the calculation results and efficiencies of the proposed life prediction method are summarized, and the prediction effects of the different multiaxial fatigue models are evaluated, and different rainflow counting methods are compared.
Safeguarding proprietary information in the supply chain and relationship‐specific investments
Authors: Jang In Ji , Minnick Kristina , Nemani Alok 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe examine whether the risk of losing proprietary information through the supply chain affects relationship‐specific investment (RSI) decisions by supply chain partners. Using state courts' staggered adoption of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine (IDD) as a shock to the firm's ability to protect proprietary information, we find that customers increase RSI when their supplier is headquartered in a state that adopts IDD. The effect is more substantial for customers who face a higher risk of losing proprietary information and with suppliers that are difficult to substitute. IDD also plays a more prominent role in the absence of alternate mechanisms that reduce contracting frictions, such as shared directors, common ownership, or joint ventures. Our results are robust to using cross‐citation measures of RSI and alternative estimations that mitigate potential biases arising from the staggered difference‐in‐difference approach. Our findings suggest that proprietary information protection enables firms to reduce contracting frictions arising in supply chain relations.
Multimethod Analysis of NSZD and Enhanced SZD by Solar‐Powered Bioventing at the Guadalupe Restoration Project
Authors: McAlexander Benjamin , Daniels Eric J. , Sihota Natasha , Eichert Justin , Smith Chris 
Published: April 2024

AbstractActive remediation at sites with light non‐aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) often leaves residual hydrocarbons in the subsurface, necessitating long‐term management. While much of the effort in recent years has focused on natural source zone depletion (NSZD) as the primary method for demonstrating continued hydrocarbon removal, the same data collection methods can quantify biodegradation enhancements that can sustainably increase the rate of SZD. This approach has been applied at the Guadalupe Restoration Project, one of the first sites at which NSZD measurements and monitoring technology were demonstrated. Sitewide NSZD quantification was conducted using CO2 efflux measurements and subsurface temperature profiling. The results fell within the range of previously reported estimates that were based on soil‐gas profiling in the early 2000s, demonstrating the viability of the new methods at this site. The data collection methods were then deployed during pilot testing of solar‐powered bioventing. The system used seven 400‐W solar panels to power a regenerative blower that delivered approximately 0.85 cubic meter per minute (30 cfm) air to the LNAPL‐impacted vadose soil near the interface with the groundwater table. Soil‐gas data indicated an upward fanning of injected air toward ground surface. Elevated temperature due to hydrocarbon oxidation yielded an approximate 10.2 kg day−1 source depletion rate above the baseline NSZD mass removal rate over an approximate 30 m (100 ft) radius of influence, which aligned well with a 8.2 kg day−1 rate estimated from CO2 efflux measurements. Introduction of O2 via bioventing substantially increased the LNAPL biodegradation rate from baseline NSZD processes by almost an order of magnitude. The results demonstrate that site management can proceed along a sequenced program that began with aggressive hydraulic recovery of hydrocarbon product, transitions to enhanced SZD in areas with poorly recoverable LNAPL, and then to NSZD without intervention to address residual LNAPL across the full footprint of the LNAPL bodies.
Chain‐mediating effects of kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy on pain catastrophizing and physical activity in haemophilia patients
Authors: Zhang Wenjing , Zhu Tienan , Wang Shujie , Zhang Yanbin , Chen Wenkun , Li Kuixing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is a lack of research on the relationship between pain catastrophizing, kinesiophobia, and physical activity (PA) in people with haemophilia (PWH), and the underlying mechanisms connecting these variables remain unclear.AimThe study's aim was to clarify the roles of kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy in the relationship between pain catastrophizing and PA in PWH.MethodsThis cross‐sectional study included adult PWH at the Haemophilia Centre of a Tertiary hospital in Beijing, China. The following questionnaires were used to collect data: the general information, the International Physical Activity Short Questionnaire, the Pain Catastrophizing Scale, the Tampa Scale of Kinesiophobia Scale, and the Exercise Self‐Efficacy Scale.ResultsThe study included a total of 187 PWH, including 154 having haemophilia A and 33 having haemophilia B. The median interquartile range of PA was 594 (198, 1554) MET‐min/wk. There were significant differences in PA of patients based on age stage, treatment modality, highest pain score within the last seven days, and presence of haemophilic arthropathy (p < .05). It was showed that pain catastrophizing could directly predict PA (p < .001), accounting for 38.13% of the total effect. Pain catastrophizing also had indirect effects on PA through the mediating factors of kinesiophobia or self‐efficacy, and through the chain‐mediating effect of kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy, accounting for 38.40%, 17.07%, and 6.40%, respectively.ConclusionThe study discovered that PWH have limited PA due to pain catastrophizing. This not only directly affects their activity but also indirectly influences it through kinesiophobia and self‐efficacy.
A comprehensive study of melt foaming in E‐glass batch‐to‐melt conversion process: Effects of sulfate content and chemistry of raw materials
Authors: Demirok Gülin , Li Hong , Solak Nuri 
Published: April 2024

AbstractControl of sulfate‐induced melt fining without excessive foaming is one of the critical steps in maintaining the stability of E‐glass fiber manufacturing processes. Besides, the efficiency of combustion or energy utilization is directly affected by the extent of the melt‐foaming. A fundamental understanding of key factors affecting melt foaming under the simulated oxy‐fuel combustion environment will enable commercial E‐glass fiber production to optimize both batch chemistry and operation conditions to achieve adequate furnace control. In this study, six types of E‐glass batches with the same target glass composition were prepared by using four different CaO sources; calcined limes with different SO3 contents, limestone, limestone with sodium sulfate, and a mixture of limestone and calcined lime. All batch samples were examined by HTMOS‐EGA system (high temperature melting observation system with evolved gas analysis). HTMOS enables monitoring batch‐to‐melt conversation steps by using a high‐resolution camera and EGA detects the evolved reaction gaseous, such as CO, CO2, and SO2 via an Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) gas analyzer. Gases of water vapor, N2, and O2 were introduced accordingly into the fused quartz crucible to simulate similar oxy‐fuel atmosphere of the furnace operation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different SO3 contents in batches and different raw material chemistries on the foam formation in E‐glass melts under the oxy‐fuel atmosphere. Different raw materials were characterized by mineralogical analysis, chemical analysis, particle size distribution, chemical oxygen demanding (COD) level, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis. Although some of the batches contained the same SO3 content, different foam formations resulted from the effect of the batch chemistry. Our detailed HTMOS‐EGA investigations show that not only SO3 content in the batch affects foam formation in E‐glass melts, but also raw material chemistry and particle size have strong effects on the melt foaming in E‐glass batch melting, especially for those of ingredients having hydroxide phases and/or finer particles with higher specific areas.
Enhancing students' learning achievements, self‐efficacy, and motivation using mobile augmented reality
Authors: Aldeeb Fatimah H. , Sallabi Omar M. , Elaish Monther M. , Hwang Gwo‐Jen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThis paper examines the use of augmented reality (AR) as a concept‐association tool in schools, with the aim of enhancing primary school students' learning outcomes and engagement. Conflicting findings exist in previous studies regarding the cognitive load of AR‐enriched learning, with some reporting reduced load and others indicating increased demand and poorer performance. Understanding these implications is essential for effectively leveraging AR in education. The study offers a fresh perspective on the potential of AR technology in improving educational experiences.ObjectivesThe primary goal of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of an AR‐assisted concept‐association strategy for improving essential knowledge acquisition and skills outcomes, increasing cognitive load, and increasing self‐efficacy and learning motivation among primary school students.MethodsA quasi‐experimental design with a control group was employed to investigate the effectiveness of the intervention.Results and ConclusionsThe results demonstrate that the implementation of the AR‐assisted concept‐association strategy effectively enhanced essential knowledge acquisition and skills outcomes, increased cognitive load, and increased self‐efficacy and learning motivation among primary school students. These findings highlight the potential of AR technology to improve the learning experience and engagement of primary school students. The study contributes to the existing literature on the effectiveness of AR technology in education, suggesting future research directions. Ultimately, it offers a practical solution for improving the learning experience by presenting a new approach for teaching using AR technology.
Thin‐layer mathematical modeling for drying of turmeric slices in infrared dryer
Authors: Venkateshwari T. , Thirupathi V. , Balakrishnan M. , Ravikumar R. , Uma D. , Karthikeyan S. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDrying is an important unit operation in the turmeric processing chain. This research investigates the kinetics of drying turmeric slices using infrared dryer. The drying was performed at temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C for slice thickness of 2, 4, and 6 mm. The drying temperature 70°C and slice thickness of 2 mm showed the highest drying rate. The highest curcumin and oleoresin yield with color retention was observed at the drying temperature of 60°C at 2‐mm slice thickness. Thirteen thin‐layer drying models were employed to evaluate the experimental drying kinetics of turmeric slices. The model Verma et al. showed the best fit with an R2 value of 0.99 with the least RMSE and chi‐squared values as 0.0193 and 3.73E−04, respectively. The activation energy for the turmeric slices of thickness 2, 4, and 6 mm ranged between 37.31 and 52.95, 48.78 and 57.51, and 46.79 and 57.37 kJ/mol for 50, 60, and 70°C, respectively.Practical applicationsThis research offers significant potential for improving the efficiency and quality of turmeric drying in industrial settings. The infrared drying enables accelerated drying of turmeric. The optimized infrared drying conditions (60°C and 2‐mm slice thickness) can significantly reduce drying time compared to conventional methods. This translates to increased throughput and minimized postharvest losses, especially in large‐scale turmeric processing facilities. The preservation of curcumin, oleoresin, and color at the optimized conditions ensures the production of high‐value turmeric products with superior nutritional and sensory attributes. This can lead to increased consumer appeal, brand differentiation, and potentially higher market prices for turmeric‐based foods, supplements, and nutraceuticals. The infrared drying technology can be prescribed to the industries over the existing industrial drying techniques. The cost‐effectiveness of the method, coupled with its potential for quality improvements and reduced drying time, makes it a viable option for turmeric processors seeking to enhance their operations.