bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Kontinuierliche Herstellung von kosmetischen Fettsäureestern mittels Reaktivdestillation und Pervaporation
Authors: von Scala C. , Fässler P. , Gerla J. , Maus E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEs konnte ein Verfahren realisiert und zum Patent angemeldet werden, das das Potenzial hat, den herkömmlichen diskontinuierlichen Produktionsprozess von Fettsäureestern in vielen Fällen abzulösen. Das Zusammenfassen der chemischen Reaktion und der destillativen Stofftrennung in einer Reaktivdestillationskolonne erlaubt eine kontinuierliche Betriebsweise. Diese führt zu konstant hoher Produktqualität und ist gleichzeitig einfacher in der Handhabung und der Prozesssteuerung, was sich besonders bei größeren Produktionskapazitäten auszahlt. Die Pervaporationsmembrananlage zur Aufbereitung des Destillatstroms ersetzt zwei Destillationskolonnen und reduziert damit zusätzlich die Investitions‐ und Betriebskosten der Anlage. Weiterhin wird die benötigte Installationsfläche der Anlage wesentlich verringert.
Numerical simulation on joint motion process of various modes of caisson breakwater under wave excitation
Authors: Yuan‐Zhan Wang , Nan‐Nan Chen , Li‐Hua Chi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA caisson breakwater may experience various modes of motions under wave action. The elementary motion modes are classified into two categories, i.e. the horizontal and rotational vibration coupled motion and the horizontal slide and rotational vibration coupled motion. The motion modes of caisson will transform from one to another depending on the wave forces and the motion behaviours of a caisson. The numerical models of the two motion modes of caisson are developed, the numerical simulation procedure for joint motion process of the two modes of caisson breakwater under wave excitation is presented and tested by a physical model experiment. It is concluded that the simulation procedure is reliable and can be applied to the dynamic stability analysis of caisson breakwaters. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An effective composite laminated curved beam element
Authors: Kim Jin‐Gon 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this study, we present a new highly accurate composite laminated hybrid‐mixed curved beam element. The present element, which is based on the Hellinger–Reissner variational principle and the first‐order shear deformation lamination theory, employs consistent stress parameters corresponding to cubic displacement polynomials with additional nodeless degrees of freedom in order to resolve the numerical difficulties due to the spurious constraints. The stress parameters are eliminated and the nodeless degrees are condensed out to obtain the (6 × 6) element stiffness matrix. Several numerical examples confirm the superior behaviour of the present hybrid‐mixed laminated curved beam element. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Algorithms for automatic generating interior nodal points and Delaunay triangulation using advancing front technique
Authors: Li S. S. , Shi John Z. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new algorithm is proposed for generating interior nodal points within an arbitrary two‐dimensional domain. The algorithm is based on a background triangle mesh and the contours on the background mesh. The newly generated points are exactly within the domain with smooth point densities and a good quality of the final mesh. An improved Delaunay triangulation algorithm using advancing front technique is also proposed. The present algorithm is more general and robust. A FORTRAN 90 program based on the present algorithms is developed and has been successfully applied in many projects. Examples are given to show the effectiveness and robustness of the algorithms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interactions between sleeping position and feeding on cardiorespiratory activity in preterm infants
Authors: Fifer William P. , Myers Michael M. , Sahni Rakesh , Ohira‐Kist Kiyoko , Kashyap Sudha , Stark Raymond I. , Schulze Karl F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInfants sleeping in the prone position are at greater risk for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). Sleep position‐dependent changes in cardiorespiratory activity may contribute to this increased risk. Cardiorespiratory activity is also affected by feeding. Twenty prematurely‐born infants were studied at 31–36 weeks postconceptional age while sleeping in the prone and supine positions. Heart rate, respiratory rate, and patterns of variability were recorded during interfeed intervals, and effects of position and time after feeding were analyzed by repeated measures analyses of variance. There were significant effects of both sleeping position and time after feeding. Heart rate is higher and heart period variability is lower in the prone position, and the effects of sleeping position on cardiac functioning are more pronounced during the middle of the intrafeed interval. In preterm infants, autonomic responses to nutrient processing modulate the cardiorespiratory effects of sleeping position. Prone sleeping risk may vary with time after feeding. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 47: 288–296, 2005.
Evolution and developmental patterning of the vertebrate skeletal muscles: Perspectives from the lamprey
Authors: Kusakabe Rie , Kuratani Shigeru 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe myotome in gnathostome vertebrates, which gives rise to the trunk skeletal muscles, consists of epaxial (dorsal) and hypaxial (ventral) portions, separated by the horizontal myoseptum. The hypaxial portion contains some highly derived musculature that is functionally as well as morphologically well differentiated in all the gnathostome species. In contrast, the trunk muscles of agnathan lampreys lack these distinctions and any semblance of limb muscles. Therefore, the lamprey myotomes probably represent a primitive condition compared with gnathostomes. In this review, we compare the patterns of expression of some muscle‐specific genes between the lamprey and gnathostomes. Although the cellular and tissue morphology of lamprey myotomes seems uniform and undifferentiated, some of the muscle‐specific genes are expressed in a spatially restricted manner. The lampreyPax3/7gene, a cognate of gnathostomePax3, is expressed only at the lateral edge of the myotomes and in the hypobranchial muscle, which we presume is homologous to the gnathostome hypobranchial muscle. Thus, the emergence of some part of a hypaxial‐specific gene regulatory cascade might have evolved before the agnathan/gnathostome divergence, or before the evolutionary separation of epaxial and hypaxial muscles. Developmental Dynamics 234:824–834, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bidirectional fusion of the heart‐forming fields in the developing chick embryo
Authors: Moreno‐Rodriguez R.A. , Krug E.L. , Reyes L. , Villavicencio L. , Mjaatvedt C.H. , Markwald R.R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIt is generally thought that the early pre‐tubular chick heart is formed by fusion of the anterior or cephalic limits of the paired cardiogenic fields. However, this study shows that the heart fields initially fuse at their midpoint to form a transitory “butterfly”‐shaped, cardiogenic structure. Fusion then progresses bi‐directionally along the longitudinal axis in both cranial and caudal directions. Using in vivo labeling, we demonstrate that cells along the ventral fusion line are highly motile, crossing future primitive segments. We found that mesoderm cells migrated cephalically from the unfused tips of the anterior/cephalic wings into the head mesenchyme in the region that has been called the secondary heart field. Perturbing the anterior/cranial fusion results in formation of a bi‐conal heart. A theoretical role of the ventral fusion line acting as a “heart organizer” and its role in cardia bifida is discussed. Developmental Dynamics 235:191–202, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Zebrafish id2 developmental expression pattern contains evolutionary conserved and species‐specific characteristics
Authors: Chong Shang‐Wei , Nguyen Thi‐Thu‐Hang , Chu Lee‐Thean , Jiang Yun‐Jin , Korzh Vladimir 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe inhibitor of differentiation or inhibitor of DNA binding (Id) family are members of the helix–loop–helix (HLH) group of transcription factors that play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle control, and apoptosis. They modulate the formation of active class A–class B basic HLH (bHLH) complexes. Ids lack the amino‐terminal associated basic region necessary for DNA binding, thus sequestering the class A factors, inhibiting the formation of active class A–class B heterodimers and, therefore, are considered to act as dominant‐negative regulators of differentiation pathways. We isolated zebrafish id2, and its expression during development was characterized. id2, in addition to regions of expression detected in Xenopus and mice, is also expressed in the tegmentum; midbrain–hindbrain boundary; cerebellum; rhombomeres 2,3,4,6; notochord; and corpuscles of Stannius. Furthermore, we show that expression of id2 is repressed in mind bomb mutants, suggesting a role of Notch upstream of Id2. Developmental Dynamics 234:1055–1063, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Bulimia nervosa in an elderly male: A case report
Authors: Morgan C. Don , Marsh Connie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractObjectiveThere is increasing knowledge regarding demographics, comorbid psychiatric disorders, and symptoms characteristic of males suffering from eating disorders.MethodThe current case report describes the history, symptom progression, and successful treatment of an elderly bulimic male whose presentation was atypical.ResultsThis case underscores the need to consider the presence of an eating disorder regardless of age and gender, when a patient complains of unexplained nausea, abdominal pain, or vomiting. © 2005 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dehydroepiandrosterone replacement in patients with Addison's disease has a bimodal effect on regulatory (CD4+CD25hi and CD4+FoxP3+) T cells
Authors: Coles Alasdair J. , Thompson Sara , Cox Amanda L. , Curran Suzanne , Gurnell Elli M. , Chatterjee V. Krishna 
Published: October 2005

AbstractOral replacement of the near‐total deficiency of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in patients with Addison's disease (adrenal insufficiency) enhances mood and well‐being and reduces fatigue. We studied the immunological effects of 12 wk of oral DHEA treatment in ten patients with Addison's disease receiving their normal mineralo‐ and glucocorticoid hormone replacement. We found that baseline circulating regulatory T cells were reduced in Addison's disease patients compared to controls, a hitherto unrecognised defect in this disorder. Oral DHEA treatment had a bimodal effect on naturally occurring regulatory (CD4+CD25hiFoxP3+) T cells and lymphocyte FoxP3 expression. Oral DHEA replacement restored normal levels of regulatory T cells and led to increased FoxP3 expression. These effects were probably responsible for a suppression of constitutive cytokine expression following DHEA withdrawal. In contrast, oral DHEA treatment led to reduced FoxP3 expression induced by TCR engagement and so augmented the cytokine response, but without a bias towards the Th1 or Th2 phenotype. NK and NKT cell numbers fell during DHEA treatment, and homeostatic lymphocyte proliferation was increased. We conclude that DHEA replacement in Addison's disease has significant immunomodulatory properties and propose that it has a greater impact on the human immune system than would be expected from its classification as a dietary supplement.
Thermo‐Mechanical Model of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Fed with Methane
Authors: Laurencin J. , Morel B. , Bultel Y. , Lefebvre‐Joud F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInternal steam reforming induces an inhomogeneous temperature distribution in SOFC cell. A thermo‐mechanical model has been developed to determine both the temperature gradient and the stress field within an anode supported cell structure fed with methane. Residual stresses due to manufacturing process and thermal stresses induced by the mismatch in thermal expansion coefficients have been taken into account. Mechanical external loading of the cell has been neglected.The results of this study have shown a cooling area at the inlet of the cell due to the endothermic steam reforming reaction. However, in our conditions of simulation, the temperature gradient in the cell has been found relatively low (0.2 °C mm–1). Consequently, thermal stresses in the three layers of the cell are mainly due to the heating from room temperature to the operating one.Mechanical calculations have been performed considering a low compressive residual stress in the thin electrolyte at room temperature. In these conditions, a high tensile stress has been calculated in the thin electrolyte at operating temperature. Its value is nearly homogenous all over the layer and exceeds the limit strength of the Yttria Stabilised Zirconia. The brittle fracture of electrolyte layer in one thermal cycle has been analysed by a Weibull distribution. The failure probability reaches 66% for a 60 micrometer electrolyte thickness. However, this result depends strongly on the layer thickness. Moreover, a singular stress field analysis has allowed determining an important tensile stress at the anode edge (on the circumferential free surface). It has been shown that fracture can be initiated at defects in this tensile surface, if the fracture toughness of the anodic cermet is inferior to 0.41 MPa √m.
t(3;14)(p14;q32) Results in aberrant expression of FOXP1 in a case of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma
Authors: Fenton James A. L. , Schuuring Ed , Barrans Sharon L. , Banham Alison H. , Rollinson Sara J. , Morgan Gareth J. , Jack Andrew S. , van Krieken J. Han. J. M. , Kluin Philip M 
Published: October 2005

AbstractStrong expression of Forkhead box‐P1 (FOXP1), a winged‐helix transcription factor, has been identified as an independent prognostic factor in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). However, possible mechanisms of deregulation of this gene, on 3p14.1, have yet to be elucidated. We have identified a breakpoint at the IGA1 gene in the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus at 14q32 that was juxtaposed to the FOXP1 gene locus in a gastric DLBCL that showed strong expression of FOXP1. This may be one possible mechanism of deregulating FOXP1 expression by placing it under the control of IGH enhancers. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen inducibility of Fgf8 in Shionogi carcinoma 115 cells correlates with an adjacent t(5;19) translocation
Authors: Erdreich‐Epstein Anat , Ganguly Amit K. , Shi Xiang‐He , Zimonjic Drazen B. , Shackleford Gregory M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractFgf8 (fibroblast growth factor 8) was initially cloned from a mouse mammary tumor cell line derived from the androgen‐dependent Shionogi carcinoma 115. The androgen‐inducible expression of Fgf8 in this tumor controls its androgen‐dependent phenotype, thus stimulating interest in this gene as a possible factor in human prostate cancer and other androgen‐sensitive cancers. However, apart from Shionogi carcinoma 115, the androgen inducibility of Fgf8 is controversial. In the present study, having not detected androgen‐inducible expression of Fgf8 in other mouse mammary cell lines or mouse prostate, we examined the Shionogi carcinoma 115‐derived S115 cell line for mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) insertions or other nearby DNA rearrangements that might explain the androgen inducibility of Fgf8 in these cells. Southern blotting did not detect MMTV insertions near Fgf8 but did reveal a specific DNA rearrangement 3.7 kb upstream of Fgf8 in S115 cells and in other cells (SC115) independently derived from Shionogi carcinoma 115. Spectral karyotyping of S115 cells and sequencing of the cloned rearrangement junctions indicate that Fgf8 is involved in a t(5;19) translocation. The chromosome 5 sequence joined to Fgf8 is immediately adjacent to Smr2 (submaxillary gland androgen‐regulated protein 2) and includes Muc10 (mucin 10), two genes that we show are testosterone inducible in S115 cells, suggesting that the androgen‐dependent expression of Fgf8 in Shionogi carcinoma 115 and derivative cells results from this translocation. Together, these results suggest that androgen inducibility is not an inherent property of the Fgf8 gene, which has implications regarding this gene's proposed role in the etiology of hormone‐responsive cancers. Published 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic and functional changes of human melanoma xenografts induced by DNA hypomethylation: Immunotherapeutic implications
Authors: Coral Sandra , Sigalotti Luca , Colizzi Francesca , Spessotto Alberto , Nardi Gianpaolo , Cortini Enzo , Pezzani Laura , Fratta Elisabetta , Fonsatti Ester , Di Giacomo Anna Maria , Nicotra Maria Rita , Natali Pier Giorgio , Altomonte Maresa , Maio Michele 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEmerging in vitro evidence points to an immunomodulatory activity of DNA hypomethylating drugs in human malignancies. We investigated the potential of 5‐aza‐2′‐deoxycytidine (5‐AZA‐CdR) to modulate the expression of cancer testis antigens (CTA) and of HLA class I antigens by melanoma xenografts, and the resulting modifications in immunogenicity of neoplastic cells. Three primary cultures of melanoma cells, selected for immune phenotype and growth rate, were grafted into BALB/c nu/nu mice that were injected intraperitoneally with different dose‐ and time‐schedules of 5‐AZA‐CdR. Molecular analyses demonstrated a de novo long‐lasting expression of the CTA MAGE‐1, ‐2, ‐3, ‐4, ‐10, GAGE 1–6, NY‐ESO‐1, and the upregulation of MAGE‐1, MAGE‐3, and NY‐ESO‐1 levels in melanoma xenografts from 5‐AZA‐CdR‐treated mice. Serological and biochemical analyses identified a de novo expression of NY‐ESO‐1 protein and a concomitant and persistent upregulation of HLA class I antigens and of HLA‐A1 and ‐A2 alleles. Immunization of BALB/c mice with 5‐AZA‐CdR‐treated melanoma cells generated high titer circulating anti‐NY‐ESO‐1 antibodies. Altogether, the data obtained identify an immunomodulatory activity of 5‐AZA‐CdR in vivo and strongly suggest for its clinical use to design novel strategies of CTA‐based chemo‐immunotherapy for melanoma patients. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 58–66, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular evolution of evolutionary novelties: the vagina and uterus of therian mammals
Authors: Wagner Günter P. , Lynch Vincent J. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInnovations are an integral part of the evolutionary process if we accept the fact that more complex organisms derived from anatomically simple ones. All major taxa are distinguished not only by their closer genealogical relatedness relative to other species but also by the possession of novel anatomical and physiological features. The question is whether the origin of these novel characters can be simply understood as adaptations, like all other phenotypic differences that arise by natural selection, or whether the origin of these characters requires more profound genetic changes. In this paper, we argue that innovations constitute a distinct class of evolutionary processes that require a research program complementary to the study of adaptation. The distinguishing feature of innovations is the origin of novel organ identity gene functions specific to the novel character. By implication, research into the origin of novel characters has to identify the developmental regulatory links that were involved in the evolution of these characters. We suggest that novel regulatory links will include the evolution of cis‐regulatory elements as well as novel protein–protein interactions among transcription factor proteins. The latter hypothesis suggests that innovations should leave a trace in the evolution of the protein coding regions of transcription factor genes. We illustrate this idea with results on the evolution of HoxA‐11 and HoxA‐13 in the stem lineage of placental mammals. These genes are essential for female reproductive tract development and function. We show that, as predicted, these genes experience strong directional selection in the stem lineage of placental mammals and that these amino acid substitutions affect residues at the surface of the protein, consistent with their expected role in protein–protein interactions. We conclude that a careful analysis of sequence variation in developmental genes can aid in testing which developmental changes were instrumental in the origin of novel morphological characters. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 304B, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of the year 2004 commercial optical biosensor literature
Authors: Rich Rebecca L. , Myszka David G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe year 2004 represents a milestone for the biosensor research community: in this year, over 1000 articles were published describing experiments performed using commercially available systems. The 1038 papers we found represent a ∼10% increase over the past year and demonstrate that the implementation of biosensors continues to expand at a healthy pace. We evaluated the data presented in each paper and compiled a ‘top 10’ list. These 10 articles, which we recommend every biosensor user reads, describe well‐performed kinetic, equilibrium and qualitative/screening studies, provide comparisons between binding parameters obtained from different biosensor users, as well as from biosensor‐ and solution‐based interaction analyses, and summarize the cutting‐edge applications of the technology. We also re‐iterate some of the experimental pitfalls that lead to sub‐optimal data and over‐interpreted results. We are hopeful that the biosensor community, by applying the hints we outline, will obtain data on a par with that presented in the 10 spotlighted articles. This will ensure that the scientific community at large can be confident in the data we report from optical biosensors. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enantiomeric composition studies in Lavandula species using supercritical fluids
Authors: Flores Gema , Blanch Gracia Patricia , Ruiz del Castillo Maria Luisa , Herraiz Marta 
Published: October 2005

AbstractCharacteristic aroma compounds in plants and essential oils of Lavandula from different varieties were examined. The study of the qualitative and quantitative composition of the major volatile components was faced by developing a method based on the use of supercritical fluid extraction‐GC‐MS (SFE‐GC‐MS). The optimization of a variety of parameters affecting SFE extraction enabled RSDs from three replicates lower than 2% to be achieved. Equally, recoveries of up to 59% were obtained by applying the proposed method. The use of multidimensional GC was necessary to enantiomerically resolve the target compounds. The obtained results showed enantiomeric purities >90% for all studied compounds in all varieties considered, proving the natural invariability of the enantiomeric composition of the compounds of interest. This information can be useful in authenticity studies as well as in selecting natural sources of enantiomerically pure compounds.
Chiral separation of 1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol and its analogue on molecular imprinting monolithic columns by HPLC
Authors: Ou Junjie , Tang Shouwan , Zou Hanfa 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTwo molecular imprinting polymer (MIP) monolithic columns with (S)‐(–)‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol and (R)‐(+)‐5,5′,6,6′,7,7′,8,8′‐octahydro‐1,1′‐bi‐2‐naphthol as the templating molecules, respectively, have been prepared by in situ polymerization using 4‐vinylpyridine and ethylene dimethacrylate as functional monomer and cross‐linker, respectively. The columns with good flow‐through properties were obtained by changing the molar ratio of the functional monomer and the template molecule. The effects of mobile‐phase composition on separation of enantiomers were systematically investigated. The results indicate that hydrophobic interaction in aqueous solution and hydrogen‐bonding interaction in ACN between the enantiomers and polymers could play important roles in the retention and resolution. The effects of chromatographic conditions, such as flow rate, column temperature, sample loading, on the enantioseparation were also studied. Further, these two MIP columns show a cross‐reactivity.