bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Influence of Particle Nucleation in Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Properties: Miniemulsion versus Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Fonseca Gabriela E. , McKenna Timothy F. , Dubé Marc A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMiniemulsion polymerization is a promising approach to produce and tailor pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs). In this paper, a systematic comparison of the adhesive properties of latexes produced by miniemulsion and conventional emulsion polymerization is presented. Specifically, the influence of the total surfactant concentration, chain transfer agent concentration and chemical composition on the final adhesive properties of the polymer 2‐ethyl hexyl acrylate/methyl methacrylate/acrylic acid was discerned using a 23 factorial design for each polymerization method. In addition to the adhesive properties (i.e., loop tack, peel strength and shear strength), molecular weight distribution, particle size distribution (PSD) and glass transition temperature were analyzed. The results show that under the conditions used in this work, it is possible to produce PSAs using miniemulsion polymerization, a process wherein monomer droplet nucleation is the dominant particle nucleation mechanism. The use of a miniemulsion polymerization process, as opposed to the conventional emulsion technique, produced several differences such as larger particles sizes and narrower molecular weight distributions. Focusing on the PSA films that exhibited adhesive rather than cohesive failure, the PSA films generated via miniemulsion polymerization displayed higher values of loop tack and peel strength compared to those produced via conventional emulsion polymerization. Shear strength results were strongly dependent on the amount of gel content and sol molecular weight for both cases.
Economic and healthcare forces of hospitalist movement
Authors: Bishop MD Tara F. , Kathuria Navneet 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe field of hospital medicine has become a widely accepted model for inpatient care and has grown rapidly in the past ten years. The impetus for growth has largely been pressure to contain costs for inpatient care and improve efficiency in the hospital. Studies have shown that care by hospitalists is generally more cost‐effective than care by faculty or private practice physicians without affecting quality. The field faces challenges in continuity of patient care and retention of physicians in the workforce. Mt Sinai J Med 75:424–429, 2008. © 2008 Mount Sinai School of Medicine
Inferring human stem cell behaviour from epigenetic drift
Authors: Shibata D 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAlthough conventional experimental manipulations are impractical, it may be possible to infer human stem cell fates by ‘reading’ histories recorded within their genomes. Genomes are almost perfect copies of copies, and ancestries may be surreptitiously recorded by replication errors that inevitably accumulate. The greater the number of divisions, the greater the number of replication errors (‘a molecular clock hypothesis’). Mutations rarely occur during a lifetime, but DNA methylation patterns are also copied after DNA replication and measurably drift with ageing at certain CpG sites in mitotic tissues, such as the colon. Such passenger methylation pattern variation may effectively function as ‘epigenetic’ somatic cell mitotic clocks. Replication errors can only accumulate in long‐lived stem cell lineages, so methylation pattern drift largely records stem cell behaviour. How methylation patterns may encode stem cell ancestries is illustrated with two types of small reproductive units—colon crypt niches with continuous genealogies, and hair follicles with punctuated genealogies. Potentially, the genealogy of any human cell may be inferred by ‘reading’ its genome. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Up‐regulation of gamma‐synuclein contributes to cancer cell survival under endoplasmic reticulum stress
Authors: Hua Hui , Xu Li , Wang Jiao , Jing Jing , Luo Ting , Jiang Yangfu 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPrevious studies have demonstrated that gamma‐synuclein is overexpressed in a variety of human malignancies. Overexpression of gamma‐synuclein in human breast cancer cells leads to an increase in cell motility, resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs, and mitotic checkpoint dysfunction. We report in this study that gamma‐synuclein is up‐regulated by endoplasmic reticulum stress. The up‐regulation of gamma‐synuclein expression by endoplasmic reticulum stress is mediated, at least in part, by activation transcription factor (ATF) 4. Knockdown of gamma‐synuclein sensitized human breast cancer cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis. Induction of apoptosis by endoplasmic reticulum stress when gamma‐synuclein was inhibited was dependent on JNK or caspase activation, with caspase‐3 and caspase‐7 being involved. Treatment with the JNK or caspase‐3 and caspase‐7 inhibitor partially blocked endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells transfected with or without the siRNA against gamma‐synuclein. Taken together, these data suggest that gamma‐synuclein may promote cancer progression by suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress‐induced apoptosis. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Signal transduction pathways of mantle cell lymphoma: A phosphoproteome‐based study
Authors: Cecconi Daniela , Zamò Alberto , Bianchi Elena , Parisi Alice , Barbi Stefano , Milli Alberto , Rinalducci Sara , Rosenwald Andreas , Hartmann Elena , Zolla Lello , Chilosi Marco 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is an incurable hematologic malignancy whose pathogenesis is only partly understood. The aim of the present study was to define a “core phosphoproteome” in MCL cell lines that is representative of primary MCL in order to improve knowledge of the signal transduction pathways involved in its tumorigenesis. We have analyzed phosphorylated proteins in several MCL cell lines by immobilized metal affinity chromatography and separation by 2‐D PAGE, followed by RP‐HPLC coupled with MS/MS identification. These data were correlated with information on copy number gains obtained by SNP‐chip analysis. Several of the proteins identified could be linked to a specific signal transduction pathway, and have been recently recognized as important players in MCL pathogenesis, such as nuclear factor‐kappaB (NF‐κB) and phosphoinositide‐3 kinase‐mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K‐mTOR). However, our data also implicate a number of novel proteins and pathways in the pathobiology of MCL, one of which is mitochondrial signaling. A second‐level analysis identified MAPK1, CK2, CK1, PKCzeta, and PKCepsilon as candidate upstream molecules. Our study provides new insights in MCL pathogenesis and helps to form the basis for testing new target‐specific therapeutics.
Evaluation of a new dendrimeric structure as prospective drugs carrier for intravenous administration of antichagasic active compounds
Authors: Fernandez Luciana , Calderón Marcelo , Martinelli Marisa , Strumia Miriam , Cerecetto Hugo , González Mercedes , Silber Juana J. , Santo Marisa 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the present work, we investigated a first generation of a new dendrimer as candidate for intravenous (iv) administration of a therapeutic compound (2′‐(benzo[1,2‐c] 1,2,5‐oxadiazol‐5(6)‐yl (N‐1‐oxide) methylidene]‐1‐methoxy methane hydrazide). This compound presents antichagasic activity but low water solubility. Guest–host specific interactions results in good drug solubilization. These interactions can be controlled by varying the solution pH, allowing drug deliverance. Interaction between dendrimer and human serum albumin (HSA), and the hemolytic potential of dendrimer were evaluated. The dendrimer does not interact with blood proteins, is not hemolytic, and does not produce damage in the cellular membrane. The results demonstrate that the new dendritic structure could be an appropriate carrier for the novel antichagasic drug. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Self‐diffusion coefficient of ring polymers in semidilute solution
Authors: Iyer Balaji V. S. , Shanbhag Sachin , Juvekar Vinay A. , Lele Ashish K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn a topologically constraining environment the size of a flexible nonconcatenated ring polymer (macrocycles) and its dynamics are known to differ from that of linear polymers. Hence, the diffusion coefficient of ring polymers can be expected to be different from linear chains. We present here scaling arguments for the concentration and molecular weight dependence of self‐diffusion coefficient of ring polymers in semidilute solutions, and show that contrary to expectations these scaling relations are identical to what is known for linear polymers. At higher concentrations excluded volume interactions arising from possibilities of segmental overlap can become effective for large ring polymers. In this regime the diffusion coefficient of large ring polymers shows a relatively weaker dependence on concentration and molecular weight. ©2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 2370–2379, 2008
High‐Rate SiO2 Deposition by Oxygen Cold Arc Plasma Jet at Atmospheric Pressure
Authors: Han Man H. , Noh Joo H. , Lee Tae I. , Choi Jai H. , Park Ki W. , Hwang Hyeon S. , Song Kie M. , Baik Hong K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSiO2 thin films were deposited by a cold arc plasma jet at atmospheric pressure. The cold arc plasma jet was operated with O2 gas of 30 L · min−1, while a He/TEOS mixture of 1 000 sccm was added to the plume of the plasma jet as a precursor. The plasma jet was continuously moved in the xy direction for uniform film thickness. The deposition rate at various conditions was studied by controlling the substrate distance, precursor inlet position, and substrate temperature; the physical and chemical properties of the films were characterized by SEM and XPS. A high deposition rate was attained using the cold arc plasma jet deposition system in open air; it is suggested that this originates from the abundant oxygen atoms produced in the cold arc plasma jet.magnified image
Safety and tolerability of inhaled hypertonic saline in young children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Dellon Elisabeth P. , Donaldson Scott H. , Johnson Robin , Davis Stephanie D. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundInhaled hypertonic saline (HS) improves lung function and decreases pulmonary exacerbations in older patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Initiating therapies in young patients has potential to preserve lung function. Before conducting a therapeutic trial of HS in this population, its safety must be evaluated and protocols for monitoring response must be tested.MethodsWe administered single dose 3% and 7% HS post‐albuterol to 4–7 year‐olds with CF able to perform spirometry (“preschool” group) and 4 month to 3 year‐olds (“infant” group) using the raised volume rapid thoracoabdominal compression technique (RVRTC). Vital signs and cough episodes were measured after each inhaled treatment.ResultsEight preschool subjects (mean age 5.7 ± 0.8 years) and 6 infants (1.6 ± 1.0 years) completed the 3% HS protocol, and no clinically important change in vital signs or decrease in FVC, FEV1, FEV0.5, or FEF25–75 occurred post‐HS. Preschoolers had more cough episodes post‐HS (P = 0.01). Seven preschoolers (6.1 ± 0.7 years) and 8 infants (1.6 ± 0.7 years) completed the 7% HS protocol. In the preschool group, FVC, FEV0.5, and FEF25–75 did not change significantly. A statistically significant drop in median FEV1 occurred post‐7% HS attributable to a transient >20% drop in one subject. Infant PFT parameters were unchanged post‐7% HS. Preschoolers had more cough episodes post‐HS (P = 0.03).ConclusionAcute administration of 3% and 7% HS appears to be safe and well‐tolerated in most young children with CF. Given the demonstrated benefits in older patients, a therapeutic trial in this age group is warranted. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:1100–1106. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
What I learned as an investigator with the CSB—Effective investigations
Authors: Murphy John F. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAfter almost 30 years with the Dow Chemical Company and several years in process safety consulting, I had the privilege of working as an investigator with the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB). During my 5 years at the CSB, I led four major investigations and participated in a total of nine investigations. The investigations ranged from the Reactive Hazard Investigation, which analyzed major reactive chemical incidents in the U.S. over a 20‐year period, to individual incidents that occurred in small, medium, and large companies both inside and outside the chemical processing industries. From these investigations, I have learned about the nature of chemical plant incidents and also learned how to conduct an effective investigation. This article discusses the 10 keys to effective incident investigation with examples from the investigations that I participated in. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog, 2008
Effects of substitution of Ni by Sb in MnNi
Authors: Pacurariu Roxana , Rednic Vasile , Coldea Marin , Benea Diana , Pop Viorel , Isnard Olivier , Neumann Manfred 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe structural, electronic and magnetic structures of MnNi1–x Sbx alloys and compounds have been investigated by X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, magnetization and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The substitution of Ni by Sb leads to drastic changes both in the crystallographic and electronic structure, with remarkable modifications in the magnetic properties of the investigated systems. The most important feature of the XPS spectra is the well‐defined magnetic exchange splitting of the Mn 3s core levels of all investigated alloys, giving a direct evidence of the existence of local magnetic moments in the Anderson's sense confined on Mn sites. In order to investigate the hybridization between the Mn and Ni 3d states and the Sb 5p states, the XPS valence band spectra were calculated and compared to the experimental spectra. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Coulomb oscillation of a proton in a Ti–Ni–Cu–H glassy alloy with multiple junctions
Authors: Fukuhara Mikio , Yamaura Shinichi , Inoue Akihisa 
Published: September 2008

AbstractFollowing the discovery of Coulomb oscillation by the proton tunneling in Ni–Nb–Zr–H glassy alloys, we investigated the temperature‐dependent hydrogen effect of electric conduction of the (Ti50Ni25Cu25)100–x Hx (0 ≤ x ≤ 38.6) glassy alloys. Electric current‐induced voltage oscillation at 560 kHz was observed in the current–voltage curve of nanoscopic size tunnel junctions arranged in a low‐capacitance, multiple‐junction configuration of the glassy alloys in the temperature range of 333 K to 6 K. The typical Coulomb staircase in I–V characteristics indicates typical quantum dot tunneling at room temperature. This behavior appeared to be derived from Coulomb oscillation, based on proton resonance associated with the multiple‐junctions among Ti‐tetrahedral clusters belonging to each icosahedron‐like polyhedron in the Ni–Nb–Zr glassy alloys. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Acoustic transmission in slabs of compacted composites
Authors: Salamatov E. I. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAcoustic transmission through slabs of two‐dimensional composites modeling nanoceramics obtained by compacting in the presence of a plasticizer, is studied by the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. A frequency analysis of the signal transmitted through a composite slab suggests that in the phonon spectrum of such systems there exists a gap, the position of which coincides with the gap location in an infinite disordered periodic composite. The effect of the dispersion of the grain‐size distribution function on the acoustic transmission in ceramics is investigated. The possibility of using such systems as insulators and filters for gigahertz‐range elastic waves is discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The photo‐induced phase transition in Et2Me2Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2
Authors: Ishikawa Tadahiko , Fukazawa Naoto , Matsubara Yoshitaka , Nakajima Ryohei , Onda Ken , Okimoto Yoichi , Koshihara Shin‐ya , Tamura Masafumi , Kato Reizo , Lorenc Maciej , Collet Eric 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe large photo‐induced change of reflectivity has been observed in the unique charge separated phase of the Et2Me2Sb[Pd(dmit)2]2 crystal. We observe a clear spectral change due to the disappearance of the charge separated phase by femtosecond photo‐excitation in the [Pd(dmit)2] dimer. The dynamics of the photo‐excited state depends on the excitation intensity. Obtained results strongly suggest that cooperative effect plays a key role in the photo‐excited state of this system. We tentatively classify the observed phenomena as a photo‐induced phase transition due to the melting of the charge separation. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The influence of the wind speed profile on wind turbine performance measurements
Authors: Wagner Rozenn , Antoniou Ioannis , Pedersen Søren M. , Courtney Michael S. , Jørgensen Hans E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractTo identify the influence of wind shear and turbulence on wind turbine performance, flat terrain wind profiles are analysed up to a height of 160 m. The profiles' shapes are found to extend from no shear to high wind shear, and on many occasions, local maxima within the profiles are also observed. Assuming a certain turbine hub height, the profiles with hub‐height wind speeds between 6 m s−1 and 8 m s−1 are normalized at 7 m s−1 and grouped to a number of mean shear profiles. The energy in the profiles varies considerably for the same hub‐height wind speed. These profiles are then used as input to a Blade Element Momentum model that simulates the Siemens 3.6 MW wind turbine. The analysis is carried out as time series simulations where the electrical power is the primary characterization parameter. The results of the simulations indicate that wind speed measurements at different heights over the swept rotor area would allow the determination of the electrical power as a function of an ‘equivalent wind speed’ where wind shear and turbulence intensity are taken into account. Electrical power is found to correlate significantly better to the equivalent wind speed than to the single point hub‐height wind speed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A formalism to describe design patterns based on role concepts
Authors: Kim Soon-Kyeong , Carrington David 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Design patterns are typically defined imprecisely using natural language descriptions with graphical annotations. It is also common to describe patterns using a concrete design example with implementation details. Several approaches have been proposed to describe design patterns abstractly based on role concepts. However, the notion of role differs in each approach. The behavioral aspects of patterns are not addressed in the role-based approaches. This paper presents a rigorous approach to describe design patterns based on role concepts. Adopting metamodeling and formalism, our work defines an innovative framework where generic pattern concepts based on roles are precisely defined as a formal role metamodel using Object-Z. Individual patterns are specified using these generic role concepts in terms of pattern role models. Temporal behaviors of patterns are also specified using Object-Z and integrated in the pattern role models. Patterns described this way are abstract, separating pattern realization information from the pattern description. They are also precise providing a rigorous foundation for reasoning about pattern properties. This paper also formalizes the properties that must be captured in a class model when a design pattern is deployed. These properties are defined generically in terms of role bindings from a pattern role model to a class model. They provide a precise basis for checking the validity of pattern utilisation in designs. Our work is supported by tools. We have developed an initial role metamodel using an existing modeling framework, Eclipse Modeling Framework (EMF) and have transformed the metamodel to Object-Z using model transformation techniques. Complex constraints are added to the transformed Object-Z model. More importantly, we implement the role metamodel. Using this implementation, pattern authors can develop an initial pattern role model in the same modeling framework and convert the initial model to Object-Z using our transformation rules. The transformed Object-Z model is then enhanced with behavioral features of the pattern. This tool support significantly improves the practicability of applying formalism to design patterns.
Use of an Aqueous Methionine Mobile Phase in Identification of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on a Kieselguhr Layer with Preliminary Separation from Nonionic Surfactants
Authors: Mohammad Ali , Khatoon Shumaila 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThin layer chromatography of cationic and nonionic surfactants was performed on kieselguhr ‘G’ layers. Eight amino acids at three different concentration levels were used as aqueous mobile phase systems to examine the chromatographic behavior of cationic and nonionic surfactants. Among mobile phases used, a 0.01% methionine solution was found most suitable for the separation of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) from the mixture of nonionic surfactants on kieselguhr layers. The separation is not influenced by the presence of metal cations as impurities in the sample. None of the dyes, except ammonium purpurate and malachite green, hamper the separation. The exposure of the sample to UV radiation (λ = 254 nm) also does not have any adverse effect on the separation of CPC from TritonX‐100 and Brij‐35. The RF values of surfactants were found to vary marginally on substitution of l‐methionine by its d‐isomer in the mobile phase or by the change in pH of the mobile phase (0.01% l‐methionine) from 2.9 to 8.8. The proposed method can also be used for preparative thin layer chromatography.
Antioxidant Evaluation of Coriander Extract and Ascorbyl Palmitate in Sunflower Oil Under Thermoxidation
Authors: Angelo Priscila M. , Jorge Neuza 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe objectives of this study were to evaluate isolated and synergistic antioxidant effects of coriander extract and ascorbyl palmitate (AP) in sunflower oil subjected to thermoxidation, and to verify their influence on the oxidative resistance of α‐tocopherol, which occurs naturally in safflower oil. Sunflower oil samples with 1,600 mg/kg coriander extract, 500 mg/kg AP, and a mixture of those two antioxidants were heated to 180 °C for 30 h. Samples were taken at 0, 10, 20 and 30 h and analyzed to evaluate oxidative stability, total polar compounds, and α‐tocopherol content. Results were subjected to variance analyses and Tukey tests at a 5% significance level, in a factorial scheme, to an entirely casual delineation. Coriander extract and AP delayed lipid oxidation and promoted the retention of α‐tocopherol when added separately to sunflower oil and subjected to thermoxidation. The mixture of the antioxidants showed a higher antioxidant effect, thereby demonstrating their synergy under these conditions.