bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Untersuchungen zur biologischen Bekämpfung von Heterobasidion annosum an Fichte (Picea abies) mit antagonistischen Pilzen II. Interaktionstests auf Holz
Authors: Holdenrieder Von O. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Investigations on biological control of Heterobasidion annosum in Norway spruce with antagonistic fungi. II. Interaction experiments in wood. Seventeen fungal species were examined for antagonism against H. annosum in wood. After inoculation of stem sections and stumps by conidia and dowels, the distribution patterns of the mycelia within the wood were recorded. In spruce‐wood antagonism was shown only by Hypholoma capnoides, Bjcrkandera adusta, Resinicium bicolor and Trichoderma spp. near the site of inoculation. As the distance from this site increased H. annosum became more dominant. Inoculations by dowels yielded more infections than inoculations by spores. The patterns of myeelial distribution within the wood were similar in stem sections and in stumps. Spruce stumps were colonized naturally mainly by Resinicium bicolor, Armillaria mellea s. I. and Nectria fuckeliana. In stem sections of Pinus sylvestris, however, Phlebiopsis gigantea displaced H. annosum effectively.
Effect of temperature on the ability of Gremmeniella abietina to survive and to colonize host tissue
Authors: Blenis P. V. , Patton R. F. , Spear R. N. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Gremmeniella abietina was able to survive in vitro for four weeks at average temperatures less than 30° C. At higher temperatures, survival time was inversely proportional to temperature. The fungus survived for 23–28 months inside asymptomatic trees. Freezing, or freezing and thawing, of inoculated trees, may have promoted symptom development.
Pathological changes and defense responses in poplar tissues caused by Ceratocystis fimbriata1
Authors: Przybyl Krystyna 
Published: June 2007

AbstractStructural changes in cells affected by the fungus C. fimbriata, involving the cell wall, cytoplasm and plastids were investigated. In the necrotic tissues a high number of fat drops was observed. The progress of hyphae of the fungus in poplar clones differing in their resistance depended on the presence of a cork layer, tannins and starch content.
Integrated pest management of Japanese pine wilt disease
Authors: Ikeda T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA review is given of historical aspects of the epidemic pine wilt disease and the associated control activities in Japan. Critical assessments of currently available control tactics, a summary of on‐going research and an account of the prospects for integrated pest management of the disease are given. Research on the most appropriate application of direct control tactics are emphasized in this review, in addition to the necessity for long‐term, intensive work on the environmental impact of chemicals.
The influence of pine twist rust (Melampsora pinitorqua) on growth and development of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris)
Authors: Martinsson O. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe influence of pine twist must (Alelampsora pinitorqsat) on growth and development of Scots pine was studied during three consecutive years. The experimental material included three provenances from natural stands and one open pollinated seed orchrd progeny.Trees severely affected by pine twist must reached an average of 38% lower height than did not‐affected trees. while mildly affected trees grew somewhat better, on the average, than did non‐affected trees. Pine twist must caused tha greatest loss of height increment in the seed orchard progeny.
An outbreak of Gremmeniella abietina in central Finland
Authors: Kallio T. , Häkkinen R. , Heinonen J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract G. abietina has damaged P. sylvestris forests in central Finland. The denser the stand, the greater the number of recoverable trees. Artificially regenrated stands were more infected than naturally regenerated ones. Forest fertilization decresed the proportion of recoverable trees.
Die Wasser‐Zugspannungs‐Insuffizienz Hypothese zum Waldsterben1
Authors: Tributsch H. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract A water cohesion insufficiency hypothesis to explain forest decline. A hypothesis on a possible cause of forest decline is presented. It is supposed, that small “middle ions”, which produced in industrial waste gases cause a functional disturbance in the capillary water supply system of trees.
Investigations on viruses from declining beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) in Rhineland and Westfalia, Federal Republic of Germany
Authors: Nienhaus F. , Ebrahim‐Nesbat F. , Fricke M. , Büttner C. , Welter K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractViruses of the Poty‐, Potex‐ and Tobamo‐virus groups, and presumably Nepoviruses could be isolated from degenerating beech trees (Fagus sylvatica L.) in West‐Germany. They are discussed as predisposing factors of tree decline.
Remote sensing in plant diseases using infrared colour aerial photography: applications trials in the Ivory Coast to root diseases of Hevea brasiliensis1
Authors: Nandris D. , Canh Tran van , Geiger J.‐P. , Omont H. , Nicole M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn spite of numerous aeroplane flights and different incerpretations of the infrared colour photographs obtained, the remote sensing of root rotting fungi of rubber tree has failed in practice in the Ivory Coast. The reasons for this failure and conclusions on the efficiency of this method are discussed.
Les Champignons agents de pourridiés en Afrique de l'Ouest
Authors: Mallet B. , Geiger J. P. , Nandris D. , Nicole M. , Renard J. L. , van Canh Tran 
Published: June 2007

Abstract The fungal agents of root rots in West Africa. Characteristics of the main root rot fungi infecting forests and plantations in West Africa are described. The biological cycle of the parasites, type of decay, detection and control methods are reviewed and discussed.
Etude de la spécialisation d'Armillaria mellea (Vahl) Kumm. et Armillaria obscura (Secr.) Herink en phase saprophytique et en phase parasitaire
Authors: Guillaumin J. J. , Lung Brigitte 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Investigation into specialisation of Armillaria obscura and Armillaria mellea. Two isolates of A. mellea proved more aggressive than two of A. obscura as regards vine, peach and northern oak. Inversely, the isolates of obscure were more aggressive than those of mellea towards Norway spruce and Maritune pine.On the other hand no type of specialisation was found when investigating the saprophytic phase: oak wood is better than pine wood as regards rhizomorph production for A. observe as well as A. mellea.
Une nouvelle méthode de lutte contre le pourridié des racines d'hévéa dûe au Rigidoporus lignosus
Authors: Tran‐van‐Canii  
Published: June 2007

Abstract New method of direct control of Rigidoporus lignosus, causing agent of white root rot of Hevea. A new method of direct control of Hevea whith root disease caused by Rigidoporus lignosts (Kl.) Imaz is being used in many countries in Africa; after detection and marking diseased trees and trees in direct contact, the treatment consists of pouring 21 of 0.5% calixin cmulsion into the cuvette 2 times every 6 months. This method which has been used in field trials for 3 years, seems to give encouraging results. and has confirmed the efficiency of Calisin for direct control of the white root disease.
Recherche d'un moyen de lutte biologique contre la maladie de l'encre par utilisation de la symbiose mycorhizienng
Authors: Vrot Francelinv , Grente J. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Research for a method of biological control against ink disease by using mycorrhizal symbiosis. The utilisation of mycorthizal symbiosis against a swect chestunut pathogen scvems to be the only type of biological control possible. The antagonism of mycorrhizal or peritrophie fungi as regands Phytoph thoni cinumuni was studied in the laboratory. The resistance of plants moculucd with such fngi was tested in grecnhouse trials and by planting in plox of contanimared soil.
Effect of sulphur dioxide on the partitioning of assimilates in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings of different susceptibility to this gas1
Authors: Lorenc‐Plucinska Gabriela 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe influence of various SO2 concentrations was investigated on the process of metabolites transport, particularly on the translocation of total and free sugars in SO2‐sensitive and SO2‐tolerant seedlings of Scots pine. It was observed that regardless of the SO2 concentration used and the duration of time since the termination of fumigation the transport of 14C‐products underwent stronger disturbances due to the action of SO2 than 14CO2 uptake. Inhibition of the transport of 14C‐sugars led to a decrease in the quantity of sugars supplied from the needles to the roots but it did not affect the qualitative composition of the transported sugars. These disturbances were greater in the SO2‐sensitive seedlings than in the tolerant ones.
La fonte des semis en pépinière forestière
Authors: Perrin R. , Sampangi R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDamping off in forest nurseries. A survey of conifers damping off in French nurseries revealed that the principal pathogens involved were Fusarium oxysporum, Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Larch, spruce, and pines in general were most susceptible host species. No correlation was observed between disease severity and causal agents involved with factors such as sampling year, host species, seedling age, and location of nurseries. The disease intensity, independant of soil type, was mainly related to local weather conditions prevailing at the period of seedling emergence.Disease prediction and preventive treatment were difficult to realize in practice. Improved control measures could be expected from a better understanding of disease epidemiology.
Changes in the humidity response characteristics of Picea abies (L.) Karst. produced by fumigation with SO21
Authors: Koch W. , Maier‐Maercker U. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe humidity response of individual twigs was determined in “clean” air and subsequently during exposure to SO2 (0.3 to 0.05 ppm). Changes in regression were related to the effect of SO2 on stomatal movement.In short‐term experiments, the response of the twig to SO2 varied with the prevailing humidity of the air. During long‐term fumigations there were three distinct behavioural phases, a first with suppressed, a second with high, but erratic transpiration eventually followed by low rates and visible symptoms of injury.
Delignification of subsidiary and guard cell walls by SO2 and probable implication on the humidity response of Picea abies (L.) Karst.1
Authors: Maier‐Maercker Uta , Koch W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReduced UV absorbance indicated partial delignification in the walls of guard and subsidiary cells in material damaged in the natural environment. After fumigation of healthy young plants with 0.3 ppm SO2 for 20 days the symptoms were basically the same. The loss of lignin is related to malfunctionings of the stomatal control system.
Ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in and near necrotic spots on otherwise green needles of Norway spruce
Authors: Sutinen Sirkka 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe fine structure of mesophyll cells in and near necrotic spots on otherwise green needles of Picea abies were studied. The main changes were seen in the chloroplasts, which were extremely flat and smaller than normally. The stroma was minute and the envelopes were degenerating or degenerated. Furthermore, ribosome‐like particles were accumulated both in the stroma and in the degenerated cytoplasm. The character of the changes suggests the action of ozone. The necrotic spots with typical fine structural injuries were seen before the wintering of the youngest needles suggesting that the spots here can not be primarily caused by winter coldness.
Infektionsversuche mit Ascocalyx abietina und Ascocalyx laricina
Authors: Bazzigher Von G. , Kanzler Esther , Lawrenz P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInfection experiments with Ascocalyx abietina and A. laricina, on cembra pine, mountain pine, and larch between 1979 and 1985 gave very varying results from one year to another. Moderate to very severe disease only occurred after incubation on favourable sites in the subalpine zone. The intensity of disease may depend on local site and microclimatic conditions for infection. Successful infections occurred especially in autumn. An annual infection rate of 10 to 15 percent can endanger an afforestation: in an afforestation in Avers, 50 percent of the trees were killed in some 5 years.
Cronartium flaccidum on Pinus spp.: relation of inoculum concentration to symptom development
Authors: Ragazzi A. , Fedi Irene Dellavalle , Mesturino Iaura 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn experiment on the effect of eight inoculum concentrations of basidiospores of Cronartium flaccidum, on development of symptoms on P. nigra spp. nigricans var. austriaca, P. nigra ssp. italica, P. nigra ssp. laricio var. calabrica (from Calabria and Corsica) showed that 60000 basidiospores/ml was the optimum concentration and P. nigra ssp. laricio was the most sensitive.
Colonization of Phellinus weirii‐infested stumps by Trichoderma viride.
Authors: Nelson E. E. , Thies W. G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDouglas‐fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] stumps infested with Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. were inoculated with pellets formulated from fermented barley and spores of three isolates of Trichoderma viride Pers.: Fr. After one year, Trichoderma spp. were isolated from stumps inoculated in June less frequently (12 %) than those inoculated in February (23 %) or in October (29 %). Isolations of Trichoderma spp. from stumps with advanced decay were more frequent (46 %) than from stained stumps (12 %) or from sound stumps (2 %). Isolation success was directly related to wood decay at point of sampling, nearness to source of inoculum, and nearness to stump surface.
Industrial air pollution and peroxidase activity in Scots pine needles – two case studies
Authors: Nyman B. F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe peroxidase activity (EC 1.11.1.7) in homogenates from Scots pine needles (Pinus sylvestries L.) were studied in relation to needle age and sampling locations around two different sources of industrial air pollution. Increased enzyme activity was associated with both increased needle age and proximity to the emission sources. Fluorine contamination in one of the cases was not correlated with enhanced enzyme activity. Enzyme activity levels were considered in relation to variations between trees and between different parts of the same trees.
Inhibition of Ceratocystis ulmi by mansonones A, C, D, E, F, and G isolated from Ulmus americana
Authors: DUMAS M. T. , STRAUNZ G. M. , HUBBES M. , JENG R. S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSix mansonoes, previously isolated from Ulmus americana L. infected by Ceratocystis ulmi (Buis.) C. Moreau, were assayed for their inhibitory activity against several strains of the fungus. Mansonone A was most effective in inhibiting the linear growth of six strains of C. ulmi tested. A mixture of the pure mansonones, recombined at their original concentrations, was less inhibitory to the three aggressive strains of C. ulmi than the non‐aggressive ones. The total mansonone fraction accounted for all the inhibition of the three non‐aggressive strains.
Effects on seedling development of direct contact of Pinus resinosa seeds or young seedlings with Captan1
Authors: Kozlowski T. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCaptan, at concentrations up to 2500 ppm did not affect seed germination of Pinus resinosa Ait. However, concentrations of 500 ppm or higher injured roots, stems, and cotyledons within 13 days. Root injury consisted of collapse of root hair cells, epidermal cells, and cortical cells; cotyledon injury of collapse of epidermal and mesophyll cells.
Tissue and cell injuries caused by chlorine water to Scots pine needles
Authors: Reinikainen J. , Kärenlampi L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effects of chlorine water on mesophyll cells of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) were studied with light and electron microscopy. The treatment caused necrotic flecks formed by collapsed cells. Less injured cells showed increase in number of plastoglobuli, swelling of the thylakoids and vacuolization of the cytoplasm.
Wachstumshemmung von Stammfäulepilzen und von Gremmeniella abietina durch Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Von Siepmann R. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Inhibition of butt rot causing Basidiomycetes and of Gremmeniella abietina by Bacillus subtilis. A zone of inhibition was observed when the fungi were inoculated into the test plates with malt agar either together with B. subtilis (fast growing Basidiomycetes) or two weeks before B. subtilis (slow growing fungi). With some of the fast growing Basidiomycetes a zone of inhibition was observed only during the early growth phase. Sparassis crispa, either not growing or with restricted growth when transferred to the plates together with B. subtilis, completely suppressed the Bacillus culture when inoculated into the plates two weeks before B. subtilis.
Les Venturia des peupliers de la section Leuce
Authors: Morelet Par M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractVenturia species on poplars of the section Leuce II. Cultural study. Monospore strains ofV. macularis(Fr.: Fr.) Müller and v. Arx,V. viennotiiMorelet,V. tremulaeAderh., var.tremulae, var.populi‐albaeMorelet, and var.grandidentataeMorelet, are compared in vitro for their growth and fruit‐body induction (anamorph and teleomorph) under different conditions.
Ascospore release in Mycosphaerella cryptica (Cooke) Hansford
Authors: Cheah L.‐H. , Hartill W. F. T. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractData obtained from spore trapping studies in the field and in controlled climate chambers indicated that leaf wetting was the most important factor controlling ascospore release in Mycosphaerella cryptica. Temperature was also important, no spores being released at <10°C or >30°C. There was no diurnal or nocturnal pattern of ascospore discharge.
Foliage browning and shoot death in Sitka spruce and other conifers in northern Britain during winter 1983–84
Authors: Redfern D. B. , Gregory S. C. , Pratt J. E. , Macaskill G. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA hitherto undescribed form of injury to Sitka spruce and other conifers occurred in plantations throughout northern Britain during the dormant season 1983–84. Damage consisted primarily of shoot death which was typically concentrated in a zone of variable extent below the upper few whorls of the tree. It occurred predominantly in forests in the west and was most severe in older crops at high elevation. Possible causes are discussed and it is concluded that the damage was probably climatic in origin.
Observation de sensibilités differentielles de quelques organes de Platanus acerifolia vis‐à‐vis de Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani
Authors: Vigouroux A. , Rouhani H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDifferences in susceptibility against Ceratocystis fimbriata f. platani between organs of Platanus acerifolia.Artificial inoculations in various organs of young plane‐tree seedlings showed different degrees of susceptibility for different tissues. While herbaceous and slightly lignified parts (leaves, stem top) proved to be relatively resistant, rootlets were very effective sites of infection. The theoretical and epidemiological consequences of these findings are pointed out.
Ultrastructural modifications in Cupressus sempervirens tissues invaded by Seiridium cardinale
Authors: Mutto S. , Panconesi A. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Seiridium cardinale, inoculated in the bark of Cupressus sempervirens causes deterioration in the cell walls of parenchyma, parenchyma rays, sieve elements and cambium. The cytoplasm of the cells quickly aegeiierates. The wall of fibers and xylem elements seem not to be affected.
Investigations on epicuticular waxes of differently damaged spruce needles
Authors: Grill D. , Pfeifhofer H. , Halbwachs G. , Waltinger H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEpicuticular waxes of spruce needles were studied with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Needle samples originated from differently SO2‐polluted areas. The results show that the wax structures of the damaged trees are destroyed. The erosions of the waxes are not exclusively caused by air pollution; the wax structures are influenced also by the vitality of the individual tree.
Infection of Norway spruce by Armillaria under controlled conditions
Authors: Zollfrank U. , Hock B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA method for the infection of Norway spruce by Armillaria under defined conditions is described. The joint culture of seedlings and Armillaria rhizomorphs on a Spbagnum‐Perlite substrate under a controlled light‐dark and temperature regime guaranteed a high yield of infections, which became visible in the root system within 6 months. The localisation of the fungus was achieved by means of immunofluorescent techniques using anti‐Armillaria antibodies raised in rabbits.
The in‐vitro‐mycorrhization of Pinus sylvestris L. and its dependence on the pH‐value
Authors: Metzler B. , Oberwinkler F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEctomycorrhizae of Pinus sylvestris with Cenococcum geophilum, Amanita muscaria, and Pisolithus tinctorius were synthesized in substrates of different acidity (pH 3‐6). The mycorrhizae which then formed were counted respectively. Morphology and ultrastructure are described and discussed. Meristematic abortion in root tips as an indicator of acidity in the substrate is presented in brief.
Fluctuation of temperature inside poplar stems in relation to air temperature
Authors: Diamandis S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo Euramerican poplar clones, ‘I‐214’and ‘I‐45/51′, were badly damaged by frost cracks in 1981 and 1985. Thermocouples attached to 12 trees showed that clone ‘I‐45/51’was more resistant to winter and late frosts, possibly due to its significantly thicker and rougher bark in comparison to ‘I‐214′.
Ultrastructure of mesophyll cells of spruce needles exposed to O3 alone and together with SO2
Authors: Sutinen Sirkka 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMesophyll cells of spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] needles fumigated for two months with O3 alone and together with SO2 were studied with electron microscope. The observations showed the specific type of injuries for both pollutants, the dependency of severity of injuries both on the concentration of the pollutant and the duration of daily exposure as well as enhanced effects with combined O3 and SO2 in the older needles.
Change in forest structure in the boreal montane ecosystem of Mount Mitchell, North Carolina1
Authors: Bruck R. I. , Robarge W. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSurveys were undertaken on Mt. Mitchell, N. C. (USA) from Spring 1984 through 1987 to determine the extent and rate of decline and mortality of red spruce and Fraser fir ecosystems. Data indicate that regardless of cause and effect mechanisms the physical structure and integrity of the boreal montane forest has greatly deteriorated over the past 4 years. Along ridges, and particularly on west facing aspects greater than 80% of all mature stands are dead. No definitive conclusions can be made concerning etiological agents; however, current hypotheses include biotic factors, climatic abberations, and/or the acute or chronic stress from anthropogenic pollutants.
Tiarosporella parca (Berk. and Br.) Whitneyerster Nachweis in Österreich
Authors: Cech Von T. , Tomiczek C. 
Published: June 2007

Abstract Tiarosporella parca (Berk. et Br.) Whitney—first record for Austria. In a diseased mixed stand of Norway spruce near Salzburg city Tiarosporella parca could be recorded the first time for Austria. Connections with the “Yellowing” of spruce needles and frequency of fructifications of the fungus are discussed.