bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Precipitation mechanism of stable and metastable polymorphs of L‐glutamic acid
Authors: Roelands C. P. Mark , ter Horst Joop H. , Kramer Herman J. M. , Jansens Pieter J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractPrecipitation of the polymorphic compound L‐glutamic acid was initiated by premixing aqueous solutions of sodium L‐glutamate and sulfuric acid. Samples of the supersaturated solution were either subjected to vigorous post‐stirring or left under quiescent conditions. For low supersaturation (S ≤ 13) without post‐stirring aggregated platelet‐shaped crystals of the stable beta polymorph formed while post‐stirring generated large prismatic crystals of the metastable alpha polymorph. For high supersaturation (S ≥ 17) first smooth spheres were observed which transformed into rough spherulitic crystals of the beta phase. For high supersaturation it is proposed that the spheres are a metastable phase consisting of droplets formed by liquid‐liquid phase separation. Subsequently from these spheres crystals of the stable beta phase nucleate. For low supersaturation without post‐stirring aggregated beta platelets form according to the same mechanism, while with post‐stirring concentration fluctuations are equalized and metastable alpha crystals nucleate from the homogenized solution. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007.
The application of ecological momentary assessment to the study of night eating
Authors: Boseck Justin J. , Engel Scott G. , Allison Kelly C. , Crosby Ross D. , Mitchell James E. , de Zwaan Martina 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjective:Night eating syndrome (NES) was first described in 1955 by Albert Stunkard and colleagues. NES consists of either overeating at night or waking up during the night and eating.Method:In the current study we used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to describe 14 self‐defined night‐eaters. The participants in the current study completed an EMA protocol of approximately two weeks.Results:We found that ratings of hunger appeared to be higher during night awakenings than in the evening. Also, both affect and arousal generally decreased throughout the day and were lowest during awakening episodes.Conclusion:The current study adds interesting data in describing the experience of night‐eating behavior with ecological momentary assessments from self‐described night‐eaters.© 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Phase Sensitive Alternating Current Polarography: A Chemometric Approach for the Selection of Phase Angles
Authors: Garrigosa Anna Maria , Alberich Arístides , Ariño Cristina , Díaz‐Cruz José Manuel , Esteban Miquel 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA method based on the combined use of multivariate curve resolution by alternating least squares (MCR‐ALS) with phase sensitive alternating current polarography (ACP) is proposed to evaluate the phase angle where capacitive current is minimized in a much more accurate way than the visual inspection of ACP signals. The method allows, through the analysis of series of AC polarograms measured at different phase angles out the potential, to distinguish between faradaic and capacitive contributions. Then the angle at which the capacitive current is negligible can be shown and, in some cases, the influence of adsorption on measured currents minimized.
Nitrate content and potential microbial signature of rock glacier outflow, Colorado Front Range
Authors: Williams M. W. , Knauf M. , Cory R. , Caine N. , Liu F. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractHere we characterize the nutrient content in the outflow of the Green Lake 5 rock glacier, located in the Green Lakes Valley of the Colorado Front Range. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was present in all samples with a mean concentration of 0·85 mg L−1 . A one‐way analysis of variance test shows no statistical difference in DOC amounts among surface waters (p = 0·42). Average nitrate concentrations were 69 µmoles L−1 in the outflow of the rock glacier, compared to 7 µmoles L−1 in snow and 25 µmoles L−1 in rain. Nitrate concentrations from the rock glacier generally increased with time, with maximum concentrations of 135 µmoles L−1 in October, among the highest nitrate concentrations reported for high‐elevation surface waters. These high nitrate concentrations appear to be characteristic of rock glacier outflow in the Rocky Mountains, as a paired‐difference t‐test shows that nitrate concentrations from the outflow of 7 additional rock glaciers were significantly greater compared to their reference streams (p = 0·003). End‐member mixing analysis suggest that snow was the dominant source of nitrate in June, ‘soil’ solution was the dominant nitrate source in July, and base flow was the dominant source in September. Fluoresence index values and PARAFAC analyses of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are also consistent with a switch from terrestrial DOM in the summer time period to an increasing aquatic‐like microbial source during the autumn months. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative effects of dimethylsulfoxide on metabolism and toxicity of carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane
Authors: Kim Sun J. , Jung Young S. , Yoon Mi Y. , Kim Young C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe effects of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) on the metabolism and toxicity of chlorinated methanes were examined. Male mice were treated with DMSO (1, 2.5 or 5 ml kg−1, i.p.) prior to challenge with dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) or carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). Blood carboxyhemoglobin elevation resulting from metabolic conversion of CH2Cl2 to carbon monoxide was inhibited dose‐dependently by DMSO pretreatment. The elevation of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities induced by CCl4 (0.1 mmol kg−1) was not changed in mice pretreated with DMSO at 1 ml kg−1, but depressed significantly at a greater dose of DMSO. However, DMSO failed to alter the hepatotoxicity of CCl4 injected at a dose of 0.2 mmol kg−1. DMSO induced the microsomal p‐nitrophenol hydroxylase and p‐nitroanisole O‐demethylase activities as early as 2 h following the treatment. Microsomal disposition of CH2Cl2 and CCl4 was measured using a vial equilibration technique. The disappearance of CH2Cl2 was inhibited competitively by addition of DMSO. But DMSO did not affect the metabolic degradation of CCl4. The results indicate that DMSO has multiple effects on metabolism and toxicity of xenobiotics. DMSO induces the hepatic metabolizing activity mediated by CYP2E1, but the presence of this solvent in the enzyme site may inhibit directly the enzymatic interaction with a substrate. The toxicological significance of DMSO‐induced effects on such an interaction may be variable depending on the properties of each substrate. The invulnerability of CCl4 metabolism to the effects of DMSO appears to be related to its high affinity for the lipophilic CYP enzyme site. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of diesel exhaust particles on cytokine production by splenocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Inoue Ken‐ichiro , Takano Hirohisa , Yanagisawa Rie , Sakurai Miho , Ueki Naoko , Yoshikawa Toshikazu 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIt was previously shown that pulmonary exposure of mice to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) enhances inflammatory conditions induced by allergens or bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide: LPS) via enhanced local expression of cytokines. However, resolution of the underlying mechanisms, in which DEP exaggerate inflammation, remains uncompleted. Investigation of the actions of DEP on mouse‐derived mononuclear cells may provide a clue to the mechanisms, because mononuclear cells produce and release several types of cytokines. The present study elucidated the effects of DEP on mononuclear cell reactions stimulated with LPS in vitro. ICR mouse‐derived mononuclear cells, isolated from splenocytes, one of the secondary lymphoid tissues, were co‐cultured with LPS (1 μg ml−1) and DEP (1, 10 or 100 μg ml−1). The protein levels of interferon (IFN)‐γ, interleukin (IL)‐2, IL‐10, and IL‐13 in the culture supernatants were measured 72 h after the co‐culture. LPS significantly increased the protein levels of IFN‐γ, IL‐2 and IL‐10. In the presence of LPS, DEP decreased the protein levels in a concentration‐dependent manner with an overall trend, whereas DEP (1, 10 μg ml−1) moderately elevated the IL‐13 level. These results suggest that DEP suppress cytokine production from mononuclear cells stimulated with LPS and provide a possible hint for DEP facilitation on inflammatory conditions, especially related to Th2 response, in vivo. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of laser processing of single‐crystal natural diamonds using micro‐Raman spectroscopic investigations
Authors: Sudheer S. K. , Pillai V. P. Mahadevan , Nayar V. U. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe application of lasers for processing diamond has revolutionized the diamond industry and its applications in microelectronics, microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and microoptoelectromechanical system (MOEMS) technologies. The process quality can be evaluated using spectroscopic techniques. In the present investigation, four different types of Q‐switched solid‐state lasers (with different beam parameters), namely, a lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, a lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at second harmonically generated 532 nm, a diode‐pumped Nd:YVO4 laser operating at 1064 nm and a diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser operating at 1064 nm, have been employed for the processing of a single‐crystal, gem‐quality, natural diamond. The main objective behind the selection of these lasers with different beam parameters was to study the effect of wavelength, pulse width, pulse energy, peak power and beam quality factor (M2 factor) on various aspects of processing (such as microcracking, material loss and cut surface quality) and their relative merits and demerits. The overall weight loss of the diamond and formation of microcracks during processing have been studied for the above four cases. The characteristics of the graphite formed during processing, elemental analysis, surface morphology of the cut surface and process dynamics have been studied using micro‐Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We observed that laser cutting of single‐crystal diamonds used for industrial applications can be accomplished without microcracking or surface distortion using Q‐switched Nd:YAG lasers. This allows direct processing without extensive postgrinding and polishing stages. Very efficient diamond processing is possible using diode‐pumped lasers, which results in the lowest possible breakage rate, good accuracy, good surface finish and low weight loss. From the micro‐Raman and SEM studies, it is concluded that the surface quality obtained is superior when diode‐pumped Nd:YVO4 laser is used, owing to its extremely high peak power. The maximum graphite content is observed while processing with lamp‐pumped Nd:YAG laser at 532 nm. An overall comparison of all the laser sources leads to the conclusion that diode‐pumped Nd:YAG laser is a superior option for the efficient processing of natural diamond crystals. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multisection vialess microstrip‐line balun with backside aperture and floating patches
Authors: Sun S. , Zhu L. , Wei L. , Peng H. , Ang K. S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel multisection vialess balun without any via‐hole is presented based on the microstrip structure. It consists of three cascaded quarter‐wave (λ/4) edge‐coupled line sections. In the middle section, a backside aperture is constituted to increase even‐mode impedance of a coupled line while two unequal patches are formed inside the aperture to reduce its relevant odd‐mode impedance. This balun is then designed and measured to show its good balance performance in amplitude and phase. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 253–254, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22104
Bandpass filter using composite right/left‐handed transmission lines
Authors: Li JiuSheng 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel bandpass filter based on composite right/left‐handed transmission line is proposed, fabricated, and measured. This designed bandpass filter provides low passband insertion loss, very sharp transitions at the edges of the passband, easy fabrication, and low cost. The performances of the proposed filter are demonstrated by measured results, which are in good agreement with the simulated ones. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 274–276, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22109
Design of lowpass filter using a novel split‐ring resonator defected ground structure
Authors: Wu Bian , Li Bin , Liang Changhong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel square split‐ring resonator (SRR) defected ground structure (DGS) cell model is presented and analyzed in detail. Then an improved SRR DGS cell model loaded with open stubs is proposed in order to enhance the out‐band suppression. Based on this structure, an S‐band microstrip lowpass filter with low in‐band loss and high out‐band suppression is designed and fabricated effectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 288–291, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22111
Analysis on a novel ultra‐wide bandwidth antenna of double‐printed circular disc
Authors: Lu Yi‐Min , Yang Xue‐Xia , Zheng Guo‐Xin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel ultra‐wide bandwidth antenna of double‐printed circular disc is presented in this article. Some reasonable theoretical analyses are proposed. Printed on the dielectric substrate and fed by a microstrip line, the antenna has been demonstrated to provide an UWB with return loss less than −10 dB from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz and the satisfactory radiation properties. In addition, an even better impedance matching can be got by improved the feed point, which is quite valuable for broadband antennas design. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 311–313, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22115
CG‐FFT algorithm for EM scattering by small dielectric particles with high permittivity and permeability
Authors: Zhao Lei , Cui Tie Jun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe have proposed a fast algorithm to study the electromagnetic (EM) scattering problems involving three‐dimensional dielectric targets with inhomogeneous permittivity and permeability. Based on the volume equivalence principle, coupled volume integral equations are derived for the equivalent electric and magnetic current densities. Such integral equations are then solved using the conjugate gradient method combined with the fast Fourier transform (FFT), where the memory requirement is of the order N ‐ the number of unknowns and the computational complexity is of the order N log N. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed algorithm are verified by comparing numerical results with analytical results from the Mie series for dielectric spheres. We have applied the algorithm to investigate the EM scattering by small dielectric particles with high permittivity and permeability, which may be important to realize the artificial left‐handed materials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 305–310, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22116
Simultaneous observation of inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in LiNbO3 waveguides
Authors: Wang Jian , Sun Junqiang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe propose and demonstrate simultaneously inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion of picosecond pulses in periodically poled LiNbO3 waveguides. By only use of sum‐frequency generation, inverted wavelength conversion from the signal wavelength to pump wavelength both within the 1.5‐μm band is experimentally verified. By exploiting cascaded sum‐ and difference‐frequency generation (SFG + DFG), both inverted and noninverted wavelength conversion are observed in the experiments. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 295–298, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22119
Dual‐frequency shorted patch antenna for WLAN applications
Authors: Sim Chow‐Yen‐Desmond , Tu Shu‐Yang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA dual‐frequency shorted patch antenna for WLAN applications is proposed. The dual‐frequency operation is achieved by inserting an additional shorting pin to a slotted planar inverted‐F antenna. The lower and upper operating frequencies of the proposed dual‐frequency antenna are related to PIFA and top‐loaded monopolar modes, respectively, in which both exhibits near omni‐directional radiation patterns. Both the case of embedding U and Y‐shaped slots into the shorted patch are studied and compared. Simulated results are also provided to validate the measured results. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 389–391, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22124
Integrated internal patch antenna for UMTS mobile phone application
Authors: Su Saou‐Wen , Chen Austin , Wong Kin‐Lu , Lin Yuan‐Chih 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel design of the internal patch antenna mounted above and integrated with the shielding metal case for mobile phone application is presented. The antenna mainly comprises a simple rectangular patch as the antenna's top radiating patch and a shielding metal case as part of the antenna's ground plane. The antenna is integrated to the shielding metal case through short‐circuiting and occupies almost no board space on the system circuit board. In addition, possible electronic components or conducting elements in the mobile phone can be assembled in close proximity to the integration design at no expense of the antenna performance. Detailed results of the design example for universal mobile telecommunication system (1920–2170 MHz) operation in a mobile phone are presented and discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 349–351, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22128
Inverse scattering by dielectric circular cylinder using support vector machine approach
Authors: Zhang Qing‐He , Xiao Bo‐Xun , Zhu Guo‐Qiang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new method for the solution of inverse scattering by dielectric circular cylinder is proposed. The original problem is recast into a regression estimate one by means of a regression technique based on the use of support vector machine. The proposed method, after a proper training procedure, is able to reconstruct the unknown dielectric objects and their dielectric permittivities inside a given investigation domain. Numerical results show the accuracy and efficiency of the approach. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 372–375, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22131
Apodization technique for the periodically coupled resonators in photonic crystals
Authors: Li H. H. , Xu K. , Wu J. , Lin J. T. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractSidelobes exist in the reflection spectrum of optical system composed of resonators periodically placed both sides of line photonic crystal waveguide. Sidelobes can be suppressed by apodization technique from traditional grating and distributed feedback structures. The optical systems exhibit box‐like reflection spectrum without sidelobes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 397–399, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22138
A UWB multi‐frequency transformer and its application in transition design
Authors: Fan Y. J. , Ooi B. L. , Leong M. S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel multi‐frequency transformer is developed based on the dual frequency transformer technique. The transmission line analysis shows that for a return loss of −10 dB, the three‐pole transformer can achieve 160% bandwidth when compared with 60% of the dual frequency transformer. For verification, a novel UWB LTCC multilayer transition from CPW to microstrip is developed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 329–332, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22142
5.2 GHz high isolation SiGe BiCMOS CMFB Gilbert mixer
Authors: Meng Chinchun , Wu Tzung‐Han , Wu Tse‐Hung , Huang Guo‐Wei 
Published: December 2006

AbstractActive PMOS loads with common mode feedback to stabilize the bias points are employed in the Gilbert mixer loads to increase the mixer gain. Good device matching and the deep trench isolation technique in the SiGe HBT technology can improve the port‐to‐port isolations. A 16 dB conversion gain, IP1dB = −21 dBm and IIP3 = −11 dBm using 0.35 μm SiGe BiCMOS Gilbert downconversion micromixer is demonstrated when RF = 5.2 GHz and LO = 5.17 GHz with −66 dB LO‐IF, −52 dB LO‐RF, and −24 dB RF‐IF isolations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 450–451, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22152
Quasi‐elliptic DSPSL lowpass filter with shunt stepped‐impedance stubs
Authors: Chen Jian‐Xin , Chin Ching‐Hong K. , Xue Quan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA quasi‐elliptic lowpass filter using offset double‐sided parallel‐strip lines (DSPSL) is proposed in this article. The shunt stepped‐impedance stubs of DSPSL are added to realize quasi‐elliptic characteristics and to generate transmission zero near to the passband edge, hence improving the selectivity of the proposed lowpass filter. The simulated and measured results are presented with good agreements. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 476–477, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22156
High linearity and high power added efficiency power amplifier by employing adaptive bias and PBG structure
Authors: Cho Sunghee , Seo Chulhun 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this article, adaptive bias circuit and PBG structure have been employed to achieve high power added efficiency (PAE) and high third‐order intermodulation (IM3) suppression in power amplifier simultaneously. The dc bias voltage of the gate in FET has been controlled by envelope of the input signal. The PBG structure has been employed to suppress IM3 on the output port of the power amplifier. The PBG structure was optimized to suppress the second harmonics of the amplifier. IM3 and PAE of the proposed power amplifier using adaptive bias circuit and PBG structure has been improved by 2.73 dBc, and by 35.54%, respectively. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 443–446, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22158
An efficient state‐space ADI‐PML algorithm for truncating DNG metamaterial FDTD domains
Authors: Ramadan Omar 
Published: December 2006

AbstractEfficient and unconditionally stable formulations of the anisotropic perfectly matched layer are presented for truncating double negative (DNG) metamaterial finite difference time domain (FDTD) grids. In the proposed formulations, the state‐space equations are employed in the alternating direction implicit FDTD algorithm to obtain update equations for the field equations in the DNG metamaterial domains. Numerical example carried out in one‐dimensional Lorentzian type DNG metamaterial domain is included to show the validity of the proposed formulations. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 494–498, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22162