bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effectiveness of maternal regulatory attempts in the development of infant emotion regulation
Authors: Segal Shira C. , Moulson Margaret C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCaregivers are instrumental in the development of infant emotion regulation; however, few studies have focused on delineating the real‐time effectiveness of strategies that caregivers use to reduce infant distress. It is also unclear whether certain caregiver traits facilitate engagement in more successful regulation strategies. This study addressed these gaps by: (1) examining the differential effectiveness of maternal regulatory attempts (MRAs; behavioral strategies initiated by mothers to assist infants with regulating emotional states) in reducing 12‐ to 24‐month‐old infants' frustration during a toy removal task; and (2) assessing whether maternal mind‐mindedness (mothers' attunement to their infant's mental state) predicted mothers' selection of MRAs. Multilevel modeling revealed that distraction and control were the most effective MRAs in reducing infant negative affect across 5‐s intervals (N = 82 dyads; M infant age = 18 months; 45 females). Greater use of non‐attuned mind‐related speech predicted less engagement in effective MRAs, supporting a link between caregivers' socio‐cognitive skills and provision of in‐the‐moment regulation support. These findings highlight the value of considering caregiver regulatory behaviors as a target for elucidating how maternal socialization of emotion regulation occurs in real‐time. They also underscore mothers' important role as socializing agents in the development of this foundational developmental ability.
What discourses shape and reshape men's experiences of accessing mental health support?
Authors: Ferris‐Day Philip , Harvey Clare , Minton Claire , Donaldson Andrea 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe research employs a single embodied case study design with the aim to examine the discourse of men accessing and receiving mental health support alongside those who are the providers of the support. Three groups of adults were interviewed: men who had experienced mental health problems and had attempted to access mental health support; lay people who supported them, such as partners and non‐mental health professionals and professionals, such as mental health nurses, social workers, clinical psychologists and general practitioners. Critical discourse analysis (CDA) is used to identify discourses around three emergent themes: well‐being, power and dominance and social capital. Participants seeking mental health support often referred to mental health services as not listening or that what was offered was not useful. A lack of belonging and community disconnectedness was apparent throughout all participant interviews. The study is reported according to the COREQ guidelines.
The Future of the Philosophy of Work
Authors: Furendal Markus , Brouwer Huub , van der Deijl Willem 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTWork has always been a significant source of ethical questions, philosophical reflection, and political struggle. Although the future of work in a sense is always at stake, the issue is particularly relevant right now, in light of the advent of advanced AI systems and the collective experience of the COVID‐19 pandemic. This has reinvigorated philosophical discussion and interest in the study of the future of work. The purpose of this survey article is to provide an overview of the emerging philosophical field that engages with the future of work, with a special focus on equality and justice, and to outline a research agenda that can help the field to develop further. Section 2 provides some historical context for the current surge in interest in the topic. Then, we discuss what work is and whether there is a philosophy of work (Section 3). The four main sub‐debates we then turn to concern the value of work (Section 4), distributive justice and work (Section 5), productive justice (Section 6), and institutional reforms prompted by changes in how work is organized (Section 7). The final section discusses the importance of the distinction between ideal and non‐ideal theory in philosophical investigations into the future of work.
Engeletin alleviates depressive‐like behaviours by modulating microglial polarization via the LCN2/CXCL10 signalling pathway
Authors: Zhang Jie , Song Zheng , Huo Yanchao , Li Guangqiang , Lu Liming , Wei Chuanmei , Zhang Shuping , Gao Xinfu , Jiang Xingyue , Xu Yangyang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMicroglial polarization and associated inflammatory activity are the key mediators of depression pathogenesis. The natural Smilax glabra rhizomilax derivative engeletin has been reported to exhibit robust anti‐inflammatory activity, but no studies to date have examined the mechanisms through which it can treat depressive symptoms. We showed that treatment for 21 days with engeletin significantly alleviated depressive‐like behaviours in chronic stress social defeat stress (CSDS) model mice. T1‐weighted imaging (T1WI), T2‐weighted imaging (T2WI) imaging revealed no significant differences between groups, but the bilateral prefrontal cortex of CSDS mice exhibited significant increases in apparent diffusion coefficient and T2 values relative to normal control mice, with a corresponding reduction in fractional anisotropy, while engeletin reversed all of these changes. CSDS resulted in higher levels of IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐a production, enhanced microglial activation, and greater M1 polarization with a concomitant decrease in M2 polarization in the mPFC, whereas engeletin treatment effectively abrogated these CSDS‐related pathological changes. Engeletin was further found to suppress the LCN2/C‐X‐C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10) signalling axis such that adeno‐associated virus‐induced LCN2 overexpression ablated the antidepressant effects of engeletin and reversed its beneficial effects on the M1/M2 polarization of microglia. In conclusion, engeletin can alleviate CSDS‐induced depressive‐like behaviours by regulating the LCN2/CXCL10 pathway and thereby altering the polarization of microglia. These data suggest that the antidepressant effects of engeletin are correlated with the polarization of microglia, highlighting a potential avenue for future design of antidepressant strategies that specifically target the microglia.
Irradiated riboflavin over nonradiated one: Potent antimigratory, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects on glioblastoma cells
Authors: Kacar Sedat , Hacioglu Ceyhan , Kar Fatih 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRiboflavin is a water‐soluble yellowish vitamin and is controversial regarding its effect on tumour cells. Riboflavin is a powerful photosensitizer that upon exposure to radiation, undergoes an intersystem conversion with molecular oxygen, leading to the production of ROS. In the current study, we sought to ascertain the impact of irradiated riboflavin on C6 glioblastoma cells regarding proliferation, cell death, oxidative stress and migration. First, we compared the proliferative behaviour of cells following nonradiated and radiated riboflavin. Next, we performed apoptotic assays including Annexin V and caspase 3, 7 and 9 assays. Then we checked on oxidative stress and status by flow cytometry and ELISA kits. Finally, we examined inflammatory change and levels of MMP2 and SIRT1 proteins. We caught a clear antiproliferative and cytotoxic effect of irradiated riboflavin compared to nonradiated one. Therefore, we proceeded with our experiments using radiated riboflavin. In all apoptotic assays, we observed a dose‐dependent increase. Additionally, the levels of oxidants were found to increase, while antioxidant levels decreased following riboflavin treatment. In the inflammation analysis, we observed elevated levels of both pro‐inflammatory and anti‐inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, after treatment, we observed reduced levels of MMP2 and SIRT. In conclusion, radiated riboflavin clearly demonstrates superior antiproliferative and apoptotic effects on C6 cells at lower doses compared to nonradiated riboflavin.
Temperature‐related increase in growth rate in four freshwater lake fish species
Authors: Tien Nicola S. H. , de Leeuw Joep J. , van Rijssel Jacco C. , van der Hammen Tessa , Volwater Joey J. J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGrowth is one of the most direct and common ways fish respond to climate change, as fish growth is intimately linked to the temperature of the environment. Observational studies on the effect of shifts in temperature on fish growth are scarce for freshwater fish, and particularly lacking for lake populations. Here, changes in growth rate of bream (Abramis brama), perch (Perca fluviatilis), pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), and roach (Rutilus rutilus) over three decades were studied and compared with changes in temperature in the two largest lakes of western Europe: Lake IJsselmeer and Lake Markermeer in the Netherlands. In the autumnal survey catches of bream, perch, and roach, the mean length of YOY increased significantly between 1992 and 2021 in both lakes, but for YOY pikeperch, no temporal changes were found. In a length‐stratified dataset of age groups of bream, roach, and perch, the relationship between length and age differed significantly between time periods. In the more recent time periods, indications for higher growth rates across multiple ages were found. Temperature during the growth season increased in the same decades and showed significant correlations with the YOY mean length, for bream, perch, and roach in both lakes, and for pikeperch in Lake Markermeer. These results point toward consistent temperature‐induced increases in growth over the age groups for bream, roach, and perch. These increases were found despite the simultaneous process of de‐eutrophication in this water system and its potential negative effect on food production. For pikeperch, it is hypothesized that the absence of temporal increase in YOY growth rate is related to its necessary switch to piscivory and subsequent food limitation; the lower thermal range of its main prey smelt, Osmerus eperlanus, is hypothesized to have inhibited food availability for YOY pikeperch and its opportunity to achieve higher growth rates.
Sertoli–Leydig tumor and DICER1 gene mutation: A case series and literature review
Authors: Durden Andrew A , Cass Gemma K. , Newton Claire 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveSertoli–Leydig cell tumors (SLCTs) are rare neoplasms occurring in young women with 60% associated with DICER1 mutations. This is only the second published case series of patients with SLCTs with associated DICER1 gene alterations. DICER1 syndrome is a rare inherited tumor‐susceptibility syndrome affecting organs such as the ovaries. We use this case series to inform readers on this increasingly important condition in gynecology.Methods and ResultsWe present three young females presenting with secondary amenorrhoea, hirsutism, acne and in one case tonic–clonic seizures. All cases had high testosterone levels and an adnexal mass on ultrasound. Following surgical removal, pathology confirmed SLCTs and genetic testing followed. All three patients had DICER1 syndrome with two patients subsequently found to be related.DiscussionThe prevalence of DICER1 syndrome in the population is estimated to be 1 in 10 000 with a spectrum of sex cord stromal tumors affecting young women. The associated pathological classifications and management. This paper describes the DICER1 gene and the associated tumor predisposition syndrome alongside a surveillance protocol for use in clinical practice. It promotes discussion over the importance of early clinical genetics involvement in sex‐cord stromal tumors and the associated difficulties in counseling in a young patient population. Genetic testing and early detection are imperative for targeted surveillance of at‐risk organs to be performed but despite this there is no international guidance. The cases highlight the psychological impact of tumors in young patients and provokes an ethical discussion over DICER1 gene's inclusion in preimplantation genetics.ConclusionsDICER1 syndrome is a rare but increasingly important condition in pediatric and adolescent gynecology with a paucity of published data and case reports. This makes international consensus on management and surveillance difficult.
A case study in developmental discontinuity: PROSPER Interventions and adolescent substance use trajectories shape young adult substance use and mental health problems
Authors: Fosco Gregory M. , Fang Shichen , Chen Lan , Feinberg Mark E. , Spoth Richard 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe loss of John Schulenberg reverberates across the developmental and prevention sciences. In honor of his many contributions, this paper applies his ideas of developmental continuity and discontinuity to understand the process by which PROSPER delivered universal prevention programs (delivered in Grades 6 and 7) affect young adult outcomes. Guided by these developmental models, we deconstructed adolescent substance use initiation trajectories into two discrete phases–early and late adolescence, demarcated by substance use initiation levels at the end of 9th grade. We evaluated the effects of PROSPER interventions on these phases, and in turn, the effects of adolescent substance use initiation on young adult antisocial behavior, alcohol and drug use consequences, and depression symptoms. This sample included 1,984 young adults who participated in the PROSPER intervention trial in Grade 6 (two cohorts, 2002 and 2003), followed over 8 adolescent measurement occasions (Fall and Spring of Grade 6; Spring of Grades 7–12). Young adult outcomes were averaged across three waves (collected at ages 20, 23, and 25). PROSPER interventions were associated with reduced substance use initiation in early adolescence, but not escalation during late adolescence. In turn, substance use in both early and late adolescence was uniquely associated with young adult antisocial behavior, depression symptoms, and substance use consequences. PROSPER interventions were associated with young adult antisocial behavior and problematic substance use via reduced risk for early initiation status. Findings are discussed in terms of developmental continuity and discontinuity.
Maryland School Health partners' Perspectives on the Impact of COVID‐19 on School Health Services for Grades K‐12
Authors: Ambrosino Christina , Beharry Kelly , Kallem Medha , Johnson Sara B. , Connor Katherine A. , Collins Megan E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe COVID‐19 pandemic disrupted routine school operations, including school health programs. This study aims to describe the pandemic's impact on school health service delivery from the perspective of Maryland school health partners.METHODSWe conducted semi‐structured interviews with health service representatives from public schools (K‐12) between July and December 2021. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and coded through an iterative process to develop analytic themes.RESULTSTwenty school health partners from 15 Maryland school districts participated. Participants identified key impacts of COVID‐19 on school health: (1) COVID‐19 disrupted delivery of services such as dental, mental health, and preventative care, (2) COVID‐19 necessitated changes in service delivery platforms, (3) COVID‐19 affected school health staff through increased responsibilities and staffing shortages, and (4) COVID‐19 prompted schools to become hubs for community outreach and health education.IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITYConsideration of school health service disruptions and the increased demands on service providers may inform future priorities for school administrators, health departments, and policymakers.CONCLUSIONSCOVID‐19 impacted the timing and method of service delivery as well as the roles of school health staff and schools themselves in public health and education.
Comparison of culture‐dependent and ‐independent bacterial detection results on nasal swabs in dogs with nasal discharge
Authors: Vangrinsven E. , Duprez J. N. , Meex C. , Taminiau B. , Daube G. , Billen F. , Mainil J. , Clercx C. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectivesThe role of bacterial communities in the pathophysiology of canine nasal disease is still unclear. How and when to treat dogs with suspected secondary bacterial rhinitis and on which test to rely before making a decision to treat with antimicrobials has not been established. The objective is to compare the results of bacterial identification using agar‐plate cultures and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing in dogs with nasal discharge suspected to be of bacterial origin.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐nine client‐owned dogs presented for investigation of nasal disease were included in the study. Paired swabs were collected from the same affected nasal cavity. One swab was streaked on 4 agar media (Columbia Blood Agar, MacConkey, Chapman and Edward's). The other swab was stored in a sterile cryotube at −80°. Extracted DNA underwent a polymerase chain reaction targeting the V1‐V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene.ResultsAt least one of the species detected by amplicon sequencing with a relative abundance of >10% was also identified by culture in 14 cases (48.3%), in association with marked predominance of one taxon (>80% relative abundance) in six of 14 cases. In 12 dogs (41.4%), the cultured isolates were rare or undetected components of the corresponding sequence libraries. A negative culture in the face of bacterial predominance (>50% relative abundance) of a potentially pathogenic bacteria detected by sequencing occurred in 17% (n=5) of cases; however, the use of other agar media may have decreased this percentage.Clinical SignificanceStandard culture does not reliably predict the bacterial profile detected by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
A scoping review and theory‐informed conceptual model of professional identity formation in medical education
Authors: Sarraf‐Yazdi Shiva , Pisupati Anushka , Goh Chloe Keyi , Ong Yun Ting , Toh You Ru , Goh Suzanne Pei Lin , Krishna Lalit Kumar Radha 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionProfessional identity formation (PIF) is a central tenet of effective medical education. However, efforts to support, assess and study PIF are hindered by unclear definitions and conceptualisations of what it means to ‘think, act, and feel like a physician’. Gaps in understanding PIF, and by extension, its support mechanisms, can predispose individuals towards disengaged or unprofessional conduct and institutions towards short‐sighted or reactionary responses to systemic issues.MethodsA Systematic Evidence‐Based Approach‐guided systematic scoping review of PIF theories was conducted related to medical students, trainees and practising doctors, published between 1 January 2000 and 31 December 2021 in PubMed, Embase, ERIC and Scopus databases.ResultsA total of 2441 abstracts were reviewed, 607 full‐text articles evaluated and 204 articles included. The domains identified were understanding PIF through the lens of pivotal theories and characterising PIF by delineating the underlying factors that influence it and processes that define it.ConclusionsBased on regnant theories and frameworks related to self‐concepts of identity and personhood, the relationships between key PIF influences, processes and outcomes were examined. A theory‐backed integrated conceptual model was proposed to delineate the interconnected relationships among these, aiming to untangle some of the complexities inherent to PIF, to shed light on existing practices and to identify shortcomings in our understanding so as to develop mechanisms in support of its multifaceted, interlinked components.
Aligning goals with care: Advance directives in older adults with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators
Authors: Backman Warren D. , DiCaro Michael V. , Zuo Xintong , Peralta Adelqui , Orkaby Ariela R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundPatients ≥80 with implantable cardioverter‐defibrillators (ICDs) have high rates of hospitalization and mortality, yet few have documented advance directives. We sought to determine the prevalence of advance directives in adults ≥80 years with ICDs, focusing on those with frailty and cognitive impairment.MethodsProspective cohort study (July 2016–May 2019) in an electrophysiology clinic. Presence of advance directives (health care proxies [HCP] and living wills [LW], or medical orders for life‐sustaining treatment [MOLST]) was determined by medical record review. Frailty and cognitive impairment were screened using 4‐m gait speed and Mini‐Cog.Results77 Veterans were evaluated. Mean age 84 years, 100% male, 70% frail. Overall, 52 (68%) had an HCP and 37 (48%) had a LW/MOLST. Of 67 with cognitive testing, 36% were impaired. HCP documentation was similar among frail and non‐frail (69% vs. 65%). LW/MOLST was more prevalent among frail versus non‐frail (52% vs. 39%). There was no difference in HCP documentation by cognitive status (67%). A LW/MOLST was more frequent for cognitively impaired versus non‐impaired (50% vs. 42%). Among 19 Veterans who were frail and cognitively impaired, 14 (74%) had an HCP and 11 (58%) had a LW/MOLST.ConclusionsMost Veterans had a documented advance directive, but a significant minority did not. Simple frailty and cognitive screening tools can rapidly identify patients for whom discussion of advance directives is especially important.
Radiofrequency for chronic lumbosacral and cervical pain: Results of a consensus study using the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method
Authors: de Andrés Ares Javier , Eldabe Sam , Helsen Nicky , Baranidharan Ganesan , Barat Jean‐Luc , Bhaskar Arun , Cassini Fabrizio , Gillner Sebastian , Kallewaard Jan Willem , Klessinger Stephan , Mavrocordatos Philippe , Occhigrossi Felice , Van Zundert Jan , Huygen Frank , Stoevelaar Herman 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundDespite the routine use of radiofrequency (RF) for the treatment of chronic pain in the lumbosacral and cervical region, there remains uncertainty on the most appropriate patient selection criteria. This study aimed to develop appropriateness criteria for RF in relation to relevant patient characteristics, considering RF ablation (RFA) for the treatment of chronic axial pain and pulsed RF (PRF) for the treatment of chronic radicular pain.MethodsThe RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method (RUAM) was used to explore the opinions of a multidisciplinary European panel on the appropriateness of RFA and PRF for a variety of clinical scenarios. Depending on the type of pain (axial or radicular), the expert panel rated the appropriateness of RFA and PRF for a total of 219 clinical scenarios.ResultsFor axial pain in the lumbosacral or cervical region, appropriateness of RFA was determined by the dominant pain trigger and location of tenderness on palpation with higher appropriateness scores if these variables were suggestive of the diagnosis of facet or sacroiliac joint pain. Although the opinions on the appropriateness of PRF for lumbosacral and cervical radicular pain were fairly dispersed, there was agreement that PRF is an appropriate option for well‐selected patients with radicular pain due to herniated disc or foraminal stenosis, particularly in the absence of motor deficits. The panel outcomes were embedded in an educational e‐health tool that also covers the psychosocial aspects of chronic pain, providing integrated recommendations on the appropriate use of (P)RF interventions for the treatment of chronic axial and radicular pain in the lumbosacral and cervical region.ConclusionsA multidisciplinary European expert panel established patient‐specific recommendations that may support the (pre)selection of patients with chronic axial and radicular pain in the lumbosacral and cervical region for either RFA or PRF (accessible via https://rftool.org). Future studies should validate these recommendations by determining their predictive value for the outcomes of (P)RF interventions.