bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triblock Polymer/Acetylene Black Dual‐Assisted Preparation of Ge/C Nanocomposites with Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Zhang Mingming , Shen Kuan , Gao Mingyue , Guo Xingmei , Zhang Junhao , Gu Hongxing , Kong Qinghong , Jin Zhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAnode materials based on IV main group elements like Si, Ge, and Sn show great potential for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) due to their high specific capacity and low working potential. However, issues such as volume expansion and lattice pulverization hinder their practical usage. To address these issues for Ge, a novel F127 triblock polymer/acetylene black dual‐assisted strategy is proposed to achieve uniform dispersion of polycrystalline Ge, enabling the preparation of Ge@C nanocomposites via hydrogen reduction. The introduced F127 triblock polymer and acetylene black serves a dual purpose to enhance electrical conductivity and prevent Ge nanoparticles from agglomeration. When tested as anode material for LIBs, the Ge@C nanocomposites exhibit exceptional electrochemical performances, demonstrating a sustained specific discharge capacity of 780 mA h g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 after 100 cycles. Moreover, the capacity remains at 767 mA h g−1 even after 300 cycles at a higher current density of 0.5 A g−1. These enhanced lithium storage performances are attributed to the combined effects of well‐dispersed tiny Ge nanoparticles, uniform carbon coating, and an abundance of defects. These factors effectively mitigate the volume expansion and lattice pulverization of Ge nanoparticles and concurrently enhance their conductivity, leading to improved overall performance in LIBs.
Measuring Rational Thinking in Adolescents: The Assessment of Rational Thinking for Youth (ART‐Y)
Authors: Toplak Maggie E. , Stanovich Keith E. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTThere has been considerable conceptual and empirical progress on the measurement of rational thinking in adult samples. Studies in developmental samples have demonstrated that many of these domains and paradigms can also be assessed in children and youth, especially in adolescent samples. Here, we present an efficient rationality assessment battery for adolescents and youth—the Assessment of Rational Thinking for Youth (ART‐Y). The ART‐Y consists of five subtests: Probabilistic and Statistical Thinking, Scientific Thinking, Avoidance of Framing, Knowledge Calibration, and Rational Temporal Discounting. Two supplementary measures of thinking dispositions are included in the ART‐Y: Actively Open‐Minded Thinking (AOT) and Deliberative Thinking. The ART‐Y battery was examined in a sample of 143 adolescents (mean age = 15.4 years). The five rational thinking subtests displayed intercorrelations largely consistent with those obtained in the adult literature. Age, cognitive ability, problem solving, probabilistic numeracy, and thinking dispositions predicted variance differently across the five subtests of the ART‐Y, but again largely consistent with the adult literature. These measures, along with the ART‐Y subtests, were examined as predictors of two real‐world skills: financial literacy and academic achievement. Scientific thinking, knowledge calibration, and rational temporal discounting were significant unique predictors of financial literacy when statistically controlling for cognitive ability. Scientific thinking predicted academic achievement when statistically controlling for cognitive ability.
The molecular mechanisms regulating the assembly of the autophagy initiation complex
Authors: Yao Weijing , Feng Yuyao , Zhang Yi , Yang Huan , Yi Cong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe autophagy initiation complex is brought about via a highly ordered and stepwise assembly process. Two crucial signaling molecules, mTORC1 and AMPK, orchestrate this assembly by phosphorylating/dephosphorylating autophagy‐related proteins. Activation of Atg1 followed by recruitment of both Atg9 vesicles and the PI3K complex I to the PAS (phagophore assembly site) are particularly crucial steps in its formation. Ypt1, a small Rab GTPase in yeast cells, also plays an essential role in the formation of the autophagy initiation complex through multiple regulatory pathways. In this review, our primary focus is to discuss how signaling molecules initiate the assembly of the autophagy initiation complex, and highlight the significant roles of Ypt1 in this process. We end by addressing issues that need future clarification.
Women green entrepreneurship: Conceptualisation and use of bricolage for policy recommendations
Authors: Potluri Seema , Ananthram Subramaniam , Phani Bollempalli Venkata 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn the context of global concerns such as environmental degradation and gender inequality, international and national agencies and academicians have recognised the curative potential of green entrepreneurship and women entrepreneurship. Furthering these concepts, this paper draws from extant literature on green entrepreneurship (GE) and women entrepreneurship and supplements it with ecofeminism (a feminine trait) literature to present a more beneficial proposition of ‘women green entrepreneurship’ (WGE) that implies participation of women in GE. Additionally, the paper identifies challenges faced by women entrepreneurs in general, and women green entrepreneurs in particular, at various levels, leading the authors to propose a study that envisages use of bricolage to investigate unique behaviour and strategies of existing WGEs who have thrived despite the challenges. Catering to UN SDGs (United Nations Sustainable Development Goals) in general, and specifically oriented towards SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 13 (Climate Action) together, the article proposes and provides credence to WGE as a distinguished domain for future research, while making suggestions for international and national policies, also providing practical toolkits to aspiring WGEs.
The impact of the affordable care act and Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening: Evidence from the 5th year of Medicaid expansion
Authors: Preston Michael A. , Amoli Mahmoud Manouchehri , Chukmaitov Askar S. , Krist Alex H. , Dahman Bassam 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundColorectal cancer screening rates remain suboptimal, particularly among low‐income populations. Our objective was to evaluate the long‐term effects of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross‐sectional study analyzed data from 354,384 individuals aged 50–64 with an income below 400% of the federal poverty level (FPL), who participated in the Behavioral Risk Factors Surveillance System from 2010 to 2018. A difference‐in‐difference analysis was employed to estimate the effect of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening. Subgroup analyses were conducted for individuals with income up to 138% of the FPL and those with income between 139% and 400% of the FPL. The effect of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening was examined during the early, mid, and late expansion periods.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary outcome was the likelihood of receiving colorectal cancer screening for low‐income adults aged 50–64.ResultsMedicaid expansion was associated with a significant 1.7 percentage point increase in colorectal cancer screening rates among adults aged 50–64 with income below 400% of the FPL (p < 0.05). A significant 2.9 percentage point increase in colorectal cancer screening was observed for those with income up to 138% the FPL (p < 0.05), while a 1.5 percentage point increase occurred for individuals with income between 139% and 400% of the FPL. The impact of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening varied based on income levels and displayed a time lag for newly eligible beneficiaries.ConclusionsMedicaid expansion was found to be associated with increased colorectal cancer screening rates among low‐income individuals aged 50–64. The observed variations in impact based on income levels and the time lag for newly eligible beneficiaries receiving colorectal cancer screening highlight the need for further research and precision public health strategies to maximize the benefits of Medicaid expansion on colorectal cancer screening rates.
Switching from FOLFIRI plus cetuximab to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab based on early tumor shrinkage in RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer: A phase II trial (HYBRID)
Authors: Arai Hiroyuki , Tsuda Takashi , Sunakawa Yu , Shimokawa Mototsugu , Akiyoshi Kohei , Tokunaga Shinya , Shoji Hirokazu , Kunieda Kenji , Kotaka Masahito , Matsumoto Toshihiko , Nagata Yusuke , Mizukami Takuro , Mizuki Fumitaka , Danenberg Kathleen D. , Boku Narikazu , Nakajima Takako Eguchi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLong‐term anti‐EGFR antibody treatment increases the risk of severe dermatologic toxicities. This single‐arm, phase II trial aimed to investigate the strategy of switching from cetuximab to bevacizumab in combination with FOLFIRI based on early tumor shrinkage (ETS) in patients with RAS wild‐type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).MethodsRadiologic assessment was performed to evaluate ETS, defined as ≥20% reduction in the sum of the largest diameters of target lesions 8 weeks after the introduction of FOLFIRI plus cetuximab. ETS‐negative patients switched to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab, whereas ETS‐positive patients continued FOLFIRI plus cetuximab for eight more weeks, with a switch to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab thereafter. The primary endpoint was progression‐free survival.ResultsThis trial was prematurely terminated due to poor accrual after a total enrollment of 30 patients. In 29 eligible patients, 7 were ETS‐negative and 22 were ETS‐positive. Two ETS‐negative patients and 17 ETS‐positive patients switched to FOLFIRI plus bevacizumab 8 weeks and 16 weeks after initial FOLFIRI plus cetuximab, respectively. Median progression‐free and overall survival durations were 13.4 and 34.7 months, respectively. Six (20%) patients experienced grade ≥3 paronychia, which improved to grade ≤2 by 18 weeks. Grade ≥3 acneiform rash, dry skin, and pruritus were not observed in any patients.ConclusionsOur novel treatment strategy delivered acceptable survival outcomes and reduced severe dermatologic toxicities.
The relation between contact experiences and dual identity among German residents with a Turkish or Kurdish identity
Authors: Weber Maria‐Christina , Stroebele Leonie , Song Sonja Jia , Offner Louis , Huang Anna X. , Degner Juliane 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe present secondary analyses of data collected with German residents with Turkish and Kurdish ancestry (n = 414), who represent the largest migrant groups in Germany. The majority of our sample of mostly second‐generation migrants exhibited integrated identity profiles, with high levels of both ethnic (Turkish or Kurdish) and national (German) identification. National and ethnic identification were unrelated, and both were predicted by the frequency and quality of contact with members of the respective groups as well as the extent to which participants report daily discrimination experiences. We additionally adopted a regional bias approach (Calanchini et al., 2022), inserting regional‐level data as indicators of context variance of contact opportunity and local aggregates of racialized group attitudes into analyses. Results document that the varying level of contact opportunity did not predict individual contact experiences and social identity, whereas the local attitude aggregate predicted individual contact experiences and participants' reports of daily discrimination, which, in turn, related to both ethnic and national identifications. These results indicate the relevance of social and contextual variables on the formation and navigation of multiple identities, which has theoretical and practical implications for the current societal and political debates about migration and integration.
Chitosan and Chitooligosaccharides: Antifungal Potential and Structural Insights
Authors: de Azevedo Mayara Itala Geronimo , Souza Pedro Filho Noronha , Monteiro Júnior José Edvar , Grangeiro Thalles Barbosa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractChitosan is a cationic polysaccharide derived from chitin deacetylation. This polysaccharide and its oligosaccharides have many biological activities and can be used in several fields due to their favorable characteristics, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and nontoxicity. This review aims to explore the antifungal potential of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides along with the conditions used for the activity and mechanisms of action they use to kill fungal cells. The sources, chemical properties, and applications of chitosan and chitooligosaccharides are discussed in this review. It also addresses the threat fungi pose to human health and crop production and how these saccharides have proven to be effective against these microorganisms. The cellular processes triggered by chitosan and chitooligosaccharides in fungal cells, and prospects for their use as potential antifungal agents are also examined.
Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Coumarin Derivatives Containing Hydrazone Moiety
Authors: Zhang Zibo , Geng Dongxian , Yang Zhou , Pan Le , Jin Lu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPlant disease control mainly relies on pesticides. In this study, a series of coumarin derivatives containing hydrazone moiety were designed and synthesized. The synthesized compounds were characterized and used to evaluate the antifungal activity against four pathogens, Botrytis cinerea, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum, and Alternaria alternata. The results showed that the inhibition rate of some compounds at 100 μg/mL in 96 hours reached around 70 % against A. alternata, higher than that of the positive control. The corresponding EC50 values were found at around 30 μg/mL. Finally, the compound 3 b was screened out with the lowest EC50 value (19.49 μg/mL). The analysis of SEM and TEM confirmed that the compound 3 b can obviously damage the morphological structure of hyphae, resulting in the depletion of the cells by the destruction of morphological matrix and leakage of contents. RNA sequencing showed that compounds 3 b mainly affected the pentose phosphate pathway, which caused to destroy the layer of mitochondrial structure. Molecular docking showed that compounds 3 b fitted the binding pocket of yeast transketolase and interacted with lysine at the hydrazone structure. Our results suggested that the introduction of hydrazone was an effective strategy for the design of novel bioactive compounds.
Natural excretion of a metallic susceptor originating from an ingested heated tobacco stick
Authors: Doi Hirohito , Kakiuchi Toshihiko , Nishino Masafumi , Yoshiura Masato 
Published: April 2024

Key Clinical MessageClinicians should not only consider the presence of metallic foreign bodies within the digestive tract but also contemplate the possibility of nicotine poisoning during the diagnostic process.AbstractWhen clinicians encounter cases of accidental ingestion of some types of heated tobacco, they must consider not only nicotine poisoning but also the possibility of a metallic foreign body within the digestive tract during diagnosis. In children, even sharp or relatively large ingested foreign bodies can spontaneously pass below the esophagus. Considering that this 12‐mm metal piece is small, natural excretion may be considered rather than endoscopic removal.
Reactive Magnesium Nanoparticles to Perform Reactions in Suspension
Authors: Ritschel Christian , Donsbach Carsten , Feldmann Claus 
Published: April 2024

AbstractZerovalent magnesium (Mg(0)) nanoparticles are prepared in the liquid phase (THF) by reduction of MgBr2 either with lithium naphthalenide ([LiNaph]) or lithium biphenyl ([LiBP]). [LiBP]‐driven reduction results in smaller Mg(0) nanoparticles (10.3±1.7 nm) than [LiNaph]‐driven reduction (28.5±4 nm). The as‐prepared Mg(0) nanoparticles are monocrystalline (d101=245±5 pm) for both types of reduction. Their reactivity is probed by liquid‐phase reaction (THF, toluene) in suspension near room temperature (20–120 °C) with 1‐bromoadamantane (AdBr), chlortriphenylsilane (Ph3SiCl), trichlorphenylsilane (PhSiCl3), 9H‐carbazole (Hcbz), 7‐azaindole (Hai), 1,8‐diaminonaphthalene (H4nda) and N,N’‐bis(α‐pyridyl)‐2,6‐diaminopyridine (H2tpda) as exemplary starting materials. The reactions result in the formation of 1,1’‐biadamantane (1), [MgCl2(thf)2]×Ph6Si2 (2), [Mg9(thf)14Cl18] (3), [Mg(cbz)2(thf)3] (4), [Mg4O(ai)6]×1.5 C7H8 (5), [Mg4(H2nda)4(thf)4] (6) and [Mg3(tpda)3] (7) with 40–80 % yield. 1 and 2 show the reactivity of Mg(0) nanoparticles for C−C and Si−Si coupling reactions with sterically demanding starting materials. 3–7 represent new coordination compounds using sterically demanding N−H‐acidic amines as starting materials. The formation of multinuclear Mg2+ complexes with multidentate ligands illustrates the potential of the oxidative approach to obtain novel compounds with Mg(0) nanoparticles in the liquid phase.
Exploring a De Novo Route to Bradyrhizose: Synthesis and Isomeric Equilibrium of Bradyrhizose Diastereomers≠
Authors: Cunha Vitor L. S. , O'Doherty George A. , Lowary Todd L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA de novo asymmetric strategy for the synthesis of d‐bradyrhizose diastereomers from an achiral ketoenolester precursor is described. Key transformations used in the stereodivergent approach include two Noyori asymmetric reductions, an Achmatowicz rearrangement, diastereoselective alkene oxidations, and the first example of a palladium(0)‐catalyzed glycosylation of a vinylogous pyranone. The isomeric composition of the bicyclic reducing sugars obtained was analyzed and their behaviour was compared to the natural product, revealing key stereocentres that impact the overall distribution.
Photocatalytic Nitrate Reduction over TiO2 Layers on Glass Rings Generated by Dip‐Coating
Authors: Becker Luisa , Guci Miranda , Schwidder Michael 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe support of powdered catalysts on mold bodies facilitates their handling and reusability. In case of photocatalytic applications, such as enhanced water purification processes, transparent supports with thin layers of the active material are desirable to obtain an optimal light efficiency. For the generation of such layers a precise control of layer thickness is crucial. Here, a multi‐step dip‐coating approach for the generation of TiO2 layers with varying thickness on glass rings is reported. Additionally, the coated glass rings were tested in the photocatalytic reduction of nitrate in aqueous solution under simulated sunlight.
Combination of dasatinib and venetoclax in newly diagnosed chronic phase chronic myeloid leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , Haddad Fadi G. , Sasaki Koji , Carter Bing Z. , Alvarado Yesid , Nasnas Cedric , Nasr Lewis , Masarova Lucia , Daver Naval , Pemmaraju Naveen , Short Nicholas J. , Skinner Jeffrey , Kadia Tapan , Borthakur Gautam , Garcia‐Manero Guillermo , Ravandi Farhad , Issa Ghayas C. , Andreeff Michael , Kantarjian Hagop 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe dual inhibition of the BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase and BCL‐2 could potentially deepen the response rates of chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML‐CP). This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of the combination of dasatinib and venetoclax.MethodsIn this phase 2 trial, patients with CML‐CP or accelerated phase (clonal evolution) received dasatinib 50 mg/day for three courses; venetoclax was added in course 4 for 3 years. The initial venetoclax dose was 200 mg/day continuously but reduced later to 200 mg/day for 14 days, and to 100 mg/day for 7 days per course once a molecular response (MR)4.5 was achieved. After 3 years of combination, patients were maintained on single‐agent dasatinib. The primary end point was the rate of major molecular response (MMR) by 12 months of combination.ResultsSixty‐five patients were treated. Their median age was 46 years (range, 23–73). By 12 months of combination, the MMR, MR4, and MR4.5 rates were 86%, 53%, and 45%, respectively. After a median follow‐up of 42 months, the 4‐year event‐free and overall survival rates were 96% and 100%, respectively. Outcomes with the combination were comparable to historical outcomes with single‐agent dasatinib (cumulative 12‐months MMR rate of 79% with both strategies). The incidence of grade 3‐4 neutropenia was 22% with the combination and 11% with single‐agent dasatinib (p < .001).ConclusionsTreatment with dasatinib and venetoclax was safe and effective in CML‐CP. The cumulative response rates with the combination were similar to those with single‐agent dasatinib. Further follow‐up is needed to evaluate the rates of durable deep molecular response and treatment‐free remission.
Histological characterization and development of mesial surface sulci in the human brain at 13–15 gestational weeks through high‐resolution histology
Authors: Verma Richa , Jayakumar Jaikishan , Folkerth Rebecca , Manger Paul R. , Bota Mihail , Majumder Moitrayee , Pandurangan Karthika , Savoia Stephen , Karthik Srinivasa , Kumarasami Ramdayalan , Joseph Jayaraj , Rohini G. , Vasudevan Sudha , Srinivasan Chitra , Lata S. , Kumar E. Harish , Rangasami Rajeswaran , Kumutha Jayaraman , Suresh S. , Šimić Goran , Mitra Partha P , Sivaprakasam Mohanasankar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCellular‐level anatomical data from early fetal brain are sparse yet critical to the understanding of neurodevelopmental disorders. We characterize the organization of the human cerebral cortex between 13 and 15 gestational weeks using high‐resolution whole‐brain histological data sets complimented with multimodal imaging. We observed the heretofore underrecognized, reproducible presence of infolds on the mesial surface of the cerebral hemispheres. Of note at this stage, when most of the cerebrum is occupied by lateral ventricles and the corpus callosum is incompletely developed, we postulate that these mesial infolds represent the primordial stage of cingulate, callosal, and calcarine sulci, features of mesial cortical development. Our observations are based on the multimodal approach and further include histological three‐dimensional reconstruction that highlights the importance of the plane of sectioning. We describe the laminar organization of the developing cortical mantle, including these infolds from the marginal to ventricular zone, with Nissl, hematoxylin and eosin, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunohistochemistry. Despite the absence of major sulci on the dorsal surface, the boundaries among the orbital, frontal, parietal, and occipital cortex were very well demarcated, primarily by the cytoarchitecture differences in the organization of the subplate (SP) and intermediate zone (IZ) in these locations. The parietal region has the thickest cortical plate (CP), SP, and IZ, whereas the orbital region shows the thinnest CP and reveals an extra cell‐sparse layer above the bilaminar SP. The subcortical structures show intensely GFAP‐immunolabeled soma, absent in the cerebral mantle. Our findings establish a normative neurodevelopment baseline at the early stage.