bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fatty acid‐induced defects in insulin signalling, in myotubes derived from children, are related to ceramide production from palmitate rather than the accumulation of intramyocellular lipid
Authors: Sabin Matthew A. , Stewart Claire E.H. , Crowne Elizabeth C. , Turner Stephen J. , Hunt Linda P. , Welsh Gavin I. , Grohmann Malcolm J. , Holly Jeff M.P. , Shield Julian P.H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe elevation of free fatty acids (FFAs), observed in childhood obesity results in intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) accumulation with consequent insulin resistance. Using in vitro differentiated myotubes from normal weight pre‐pubertal children (n = 8), we examined the effects of saturated (palmitate) and unsaturated (oleate) FFAs on insulin‐stimulated AKT phosphorylation (pAKT) and IMCL accumulation. Palmitate decreased pAKT (Mean [SEM] % change pAKT with palmitate 750 µM vs. control; pThr308 site −50.5% [28.7] and pSer473 site −38.7% [11.7]; P < 0.001) with no effect on IMCL formation. Equimolar bromopalmitate did not effect pAKT and blocking ceramide production abolished the palmitate‐induced reduction in signalling, suggesting that ceramide synthesis is critical for palmitate's actions. Oleate did not effect pAKT (1,000 µM oleate; pSer473 site −3.4% [11.4]; P = NS) but increased IMCL accumulation (+32.3% [7.1%]; P < 0.001). Co‐administration of oleate diminished the reduction in pAKT seen with palmitate (+36.4% [23.6] vs. −13.3% [13.6]; P = 0.28), with similar IMCL levels to oleate alone. Co‐administration also caused a significant reduction in 14C‐ceramide synthesis from 14C‐palmitate (101.6 [21.6] vs. 371.5 [122.4] DPM/mg protein; P < 0.001). In summary, palmitate appears to cause insulin resistance in children's myotubes via its metabolism to ceramide, and this process appears unrelated to IMCL formation and is ameliorated by oleate. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 244–252, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amelioration of inflammation, angiogenesis and CTGF expression in an arthritis model by a TSP1‐derived peptide treatment
Authors: Rico Mario C. , Castaneda Julian L. , Manns Joanne M. , Uknis Audrey B. , Sainz Irma M. , Safadi Fayez F. , Popoff Steve N. , DeLa Cadena Raul A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the effect of a thrombospondin 1 (TSP1)‐derived peptide on inflammation and angiogenesis in an animal model of erosive arthritis and to assess the relationship between TSP1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: Erosive arthritis in Lewis rats was induced by peptidoglycan‐polysaccharide (PG‐PS). Animals were divided into four groups: (1) negative control and groups receiving, (2) no treatment, (3) treatment with a TSP1‐derived peptide, and (4) treatment with a scrambled peptide. Samples obtained from ankle joint, spleen and liver were studied using histology, histomorphometry, immunohistochemistry and RT‐PCR. Results: Histological data indicated that the TSP1‐derived peptide treatment decreased neovascularization, leukocyte infiltration and thickening of the synovial lining of the joint, and reduced granuloma formation in the spleen and liver when compared to control groups. Higher concentrations of CTGF and TSP1 proteins were observed in the affected areas of animals which did not receive TSP1‐derived peptide treatment. Also, immunofluorescence and RT‐PCR analyses showed an increase in CTGF protein expression and regulation, respectively, in the tissues of untreated animals when compared to the TSP1‐derived peptide treated animals. By immunofluorescence, TSP1 expression was decreased in the TSP1‐derived peptide treated animals. Moreover, macrophage/monocyte‐specific staining revealed a decrease in cell infiltration in the articular tissue of the TSP1‐derived peptide treated animals. Conclusion: Both inflammation and angiogenesis were decreased after TSP1‐derived peptide treatment indicating a potential pathway by which TSP1 interaction with neutrophils induces CTGF in RA affected tissues. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 504–512, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ClassicalXenopus laevisprogesterone receptor associates to the plasma membrane through its ligand‐binding domain
Authors: Martinez Silvana , Pastén Pamela , Suarez Karina , García Andrea , Nualart Francisco , Montecino Martín , Hinrichs María Victoria , Olate Juan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDuring the last decade, considerable evidence is accumulating that supports the view that the classic progesterone receptor (xPR‐1) is mediatingXenopuslaevisoocyte maturation through a non‐genomic mechanism. Overexpression and depletion of oocyte xPR‐1 have been shown to accelerate and to block progesterone‐induced oocyte maturation, respectively. In addition, rapid inhibition of plasma membrane adenylyl cyclase (AC) by the steroid hormone, supports the idea that xPR‐1 should be localized at the oocyte plasma membrane. To test this hypothesis, we transiently transfected xPR‐1 cDNA into Cos‐7 cells and analyzed its subcellular distribution. Through Western blot and immunofluorescence analysis, we were able to detect xPR‐1 associated to the plasma membrane of transfected Cos‐7 cells. Additionally, using Progesterone‐BSA‐FITC, we identified specific progesterone‐binding sites at the cell surface of xPR‐1 expressing cells. Finally, we found that the receptor ligand‐binding domain displayed membrane localization, in contrast to the N‐terminal domain, which expressed in similar levels, remained cytosolic. Overall, these results indicate that a fraction of xPR‐1 expressed in Cos‐7 cells, associates to the plasma membrane through its LBD. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 560–567, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ANG II‐stimulated DNA synthesis is mediated by ANG II receptor‐dependent Ca2+/PKC as well as EGF receptor‐dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 signal pathways in mouse embryonic stem cells
Authors: Han Ho Jae , Han Ji Yeon , Heo Jung Sun , Lee Sang Hun , Lee Min Young , Kim Yun Hee 
Published: January 2007

AbstractEffect of angiotensin II (ANG II) on mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell proliferation was examined. ANG II increased [3H] thymidine incorporation in a time‐ (>4 h) and dose‐ (>10−9 M) dependent manner. The ANG II‐induced increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation was blocked by inhibition of ANG II type 1 (AT1) receptor but not by ANG II type 2 (AT2) receptor, and AT1 receptor was expressed. ANG II increased inositol phosphates formation and [Ca2+]i, and translocated PKC α, δ, and ζ to the membrane fraction. Consequently, the inhibition of PLC/PKC suppressed ANG II‐induced increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation. The inhibition of EGF receptor kinase or tyrosine kinase prevented ANG II‐induced increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation. ANG II phosphorylated EGF receptor and increased Akt, mTOR, and p70S6K1 phosphorylation blocked by AG 1478 (EGF receptor kinase blocker). ANG II‐induced increase in [3H] thymidine incorporation was blocked by the inhibition of p44/42 MAPKs but not by p38 MAPK inhibition. Indeed, ANG II phosphorylated p44/42 MAPKs, which was prevented by the inhibition of the PKC and AT1 receptor. ANG II increased c‐fos, c‐jun, and c‐myc levels. ANG II also increased the protein levels of cyclin D1, cyclin E, cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) 2, and CDK4 but decreased the p21cip1/waf1 and p27kip1, CDK inhibitory proteins. These proteins were blocked by the inhibition of AT1 receptor, PLC/PKC, p44/42 MAPKs, EGF receptor, or tyrosine kinase. In conclusion, ANG II‐stimulated DNA synthesis is mediated by ANG II receptor‐dependent Ca2+/PKC and EGF receptor‐dependent PI3K/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K1 signal pathways in mouse ES cells. J. Cell. Physiol. 211: 618–629, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Backbone colorings for graphs: Tree and path backbones
Authors: Broersma Hajo , Fomin Fedor V. , Golovach Petr A. , Woeginger Gerhard J. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe introduce and study backbone colorings, a variation on classical vertex colorings: Given a graph G = (V,E) and a spanning subgraph H of G (the backbone of G), a backbone coloring for G and H is a proper vertex coloring V → {1,2,…} of G in which the colors assigned to adjacent vertices in H differ by at least two. We study the cases where the backbone is either a spanning tree or a spanning path. We show that for tree backbones of G the number of colors needed for a backbone coloring of G can roughly differ by a multiplicative factor of at most 2 from the chromatic number χ(G); for path backbones this factor is roughly ${{3}\over{2}}$. We show that the computational complexity of the problem “Given a graph G, a spanning tree T of G, and an integer ℓ, is there a backbone coloring for G and T with at most ℓ colors?” jumps from polynomial to NP‐complete between ℓ = 4 (easy for all spanning trees) and ℓ = 5 (difficult even for spanning paths). We finish the paper by discussing some open problems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 137–152, 2007
The influence of dietary hazelnut kernel oil on the performance and fatty acid composition of broilers
Authors: Erener Guray , Ocak Nuh , Garipoglu Ali Vaiz 
Published: January 2007

AbstractA total of 360 one‐day‐old broilers (Ross 308) were allocated to three treatment groups with four replicates each of 30 chicks to evaluate the effects of the dietary hazelnut kernel oil (HKO) inclusion on the performance and the composition of fatty acid of meat in broilers. Treatments were diets with (1) soybean oil (SO), (2) HKO, or (3) HKO + SO (in equal amount, HKSO) added to the basal diets. There were no significant differences in weight gain, feed per gain, dressing percentage, abdominal fat weight, and mortality among the different dietary oil sources. Dietary HKO decreased (P < 0.01) linoleic and linolenic acids contents and the ratio of SFA:MUFA (saturated fatty acids:unsaturated fatty acids) of breast meats in broiler, and increased oleic acid content compared to SO. The result indicates that meat from broiler chickens fed diets containing HKO, singly or combined with SO could be an important source of oleic acid for human diets. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of fresh and predegenerated muscle‐vein‐combined guides for the repair of rat median nerve
Authors: Tos P. , Battiston B. , Nicolino S. , Raimondo S. , Fornaro M. , Lee J.M. , Chirila L. , Geuna S. , Perroteau I. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOver the last 10 years, we have investigated a particular type of bioengineered nerve guide, the muscle‐vein‐combined tube, which is made by filling a vein with skeletal muscle. In our previous studies we have always used fresh skeletal muscle to fill vein conduits. In the present study we compared the use of fresh and predegenerated (freeze‐thawed) skeletal muscle for muscle‐vein‐combined nerve guides. In this study, a 10‐mm‐long rat median nerve defect was repaired using either type of nerve guide. The samples were analyzed 5 and 30 days after surgery by light and electron microscopy. In addition, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was carried out to investigate the expression of mRNAs coding for glial markers, as well as glial growth factor (NRG1) and its receptors (erbB2 and erbB3). Results showed differences between the two types of nerve guides at postoperative day 5; however, no difference was detected at day 30 suggesting that both types of tissue‐engineered conduit are effective for repairing peripheral nerve defects in this experimental model. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery, 2007.
Improved cine displacement‐encoded MRI using balanced steady‐state free precession and time‐adaptive sensitivity encoding parallel imaging at 3 T
Authors: Kim Daniel , Kellman Peter 
Published: January 2007

AbstractCine displacement‐encoded MRI is a promising modality for quantifying regional myocardial function. However, it has two major limitations: low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and data acquisition efficiency. The purpose of this study was to incrementally improve the SNR and the data acquisition efficiency of cine displacement‐encoded MRI through the combined use of balanced steady‐state free precession (b‐SSFP) imaging, 3T imaging, echo‐combination image reconstruction, and time‐adaptive sensitivity encoding (TSENSE) parallel imaging. Phantom experiments were performed to empirically determine the optimal excitation angle (α) and to estimate the measurement errors in the presence of 130 Hz peak‐to‐peak static magnetic field (B0) variation. The optimal α was determined to be 20°. The intrinsic phase correction in the echo‐combination effectively reduced the phase error, which produced small displacement errors (0.11 versus 0.11 mm) and negligible strain errors (−0.001 versus −0.002). Six healthy volunteers were imaged in three short‐axis levels of the heart to evaluate the SNR and the relative accuracy of strain calculations. Compared with the 24‐heartbeat cine echo‐planar imaging acquisition, the 24‐heartbeat non‐accelerated b‐SSFP acquisition yielded approximately 65% higher SNR, and the 12‐heartbeat twofold accelerated b‐SSFP acquisition yielded approximately 28% higher SNR. The 12‐heartbeat twofold accelerated b‐SSFP acquisition yielded functional maps with spatial resolution of 3.6 × 3.6 mm, temporal resolution of 35 ms, and relatively high SNR (31.2 ± 5.4 at end diastole; 19.9 ± 3.6 at end systole; 10.3 ± 1.1 at late diastole; mean ± SD). The left ventricular strain values between the non‐accelerated and twofold accelerated b‐SSFP acquisitions correlated strongly (slope = 0.99; bias = 0.00; R2 = 0.91) and were in excellent agreement. The combined implementation of b‐SSFP imaging, 3T imaging, echo‐combination image reconstruction, and TSENSE parallel imaging can be used to incrementally improve the cine displacement‐encoded MRI pulse sequence. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A new finite element based on the theory of a Cosserat point—extension to initially distorted elements for 2D plane strain
Authors: Boerner E. F. I. , Loehnert S. , Wriggers P. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis paper describes an improvement of the Cosserat point element formulation for initially distorted, non‐rectangular shaped elements in 2D. The original finite element formulation for 3D large deformations shows excellent behaviour for sensitive geometries, large deformations, coarse meshes, bending dominated and stability problems without showing undesired effects such as locking or hourglassing, as long as the initial element shape resembles that of a rectangular parallelepiped. In the following, an extension of this element formulation for 2D plane strain is presented which has the same good properties also for the case of non‐rectangular initial element shapes. Results of numerical tests are presented, that clearly show the advantages of the improved Cosserat point element compared to the standard displacement elements and the original version of the Cosserat point element. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quartic B‐spline collocation algorithms for numerical solution of the RLW equation
Authors: Saka Bülent , Dağ İdris 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe collocation method based on quartic B‐spline interpolation is studied for numerical solution of the regularized long wave (RLW) equation. The time‐split RLW equation is also solved with the quartic B‐spline collocation method. Numerical accuracy is tested by obtaining the single solitary wave solution. Then, interaction, undulation and evolution of solitary waves are studied. Solutions are compared with available results. Conservation quantities are computed for all test experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Extrapolation of the bilinear element approximation for the Poisson equation on anisotropic meshes
Authors: Lin Qun , Lin Jia‐fu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe bilinear finite element approximation for the Poisson equation has an asymptotic error expansion on the anisotropic rectangular meshes. Extrapolation can be obtained based on this expansion and the postprocessing interpolation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
An iterative method for the reconstruction of a stationary flow
Authors: Johansson Tomas , Lesnic Daniel 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article, an iterative algorithm based on the Landweber‐Fridman method in combination with the boundary element method is developed for solving a Cauchy problem in linear hydrostatics Stokes flow of a slow viscous fluid. This is an iteration scheme where mixed well‐posed problems for the stationary generalized Stokes system and its adjoint are solved in an alternating way. A convergence proof of this procedure is included and an efficient stopping criterion is employed. The numerical results confirm that the iterative method produces a convergent and stable numerical solution. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Multiresolution schemes for strongly degenerate parabolic equations in one space dimension
Authors: Bürger Raimund , Kozakevicius Alice , Sepúlveda Mauricio 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn adaptive finite volume method for one‐dimensional strongly degenerate parabolic equations is presented. Using an explicit conservative numerical scheme with a third‐order Runge‐Kutta method for the time discretization, a third‐order ENO interpolation for the convective term, and adding a conservative discretization for the diffusive term, we apply the multiresolution method combining two fundamental concepts: the switch between central interpolation or exact computing of numerical flux and a thresholded wavelet transform applied to cell averages of the solution to control the switch. Applications to mathematical models of sedimentation‐consolidation processes and traffic flow with driver reaction, which involve different types of boundary conditions, illustrate the computational efficiency of the new method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2007
Consumer attitudes towards self‐referral with early signs of cancer: implications for symptom awareness campaigns
Authors: Eadie Douglas , MacAskill Susan 
Published: January 2007

Abstract

Traditionally, secondary prevention programmes have employed mass screening approaches to assess for asymptomatic signs of cancer. It has been suggested that early detection strategies, involving public education and self‐referral may prove more cost‐effective, with low‐risk populations for cancers with symptomatic presentation. The success of public education approaches is dependent on careful consideration of the psycho‐social factors of self‐examination and referral. This paper presents the findings from an exploratory study, using qualitative methods with an at‐risk population of older people living in deprived communities in west‐central Scotland. The study examines consumer perceptions of the early detection of cancer and the cultural barriers to self‐referral, as well as response to aspects of communication strategy. The implications for design of symptom awareness campaigns, including use of message appeals, specification of target symptoms, identification of target audience and selection of communication channels, are discussed.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biopolymers as fillers for rubber blends
Authors: Kramárová Z. , Alexy P. , Chodák I. , Špirk E. , Hudec I. , Košíková B. , Gregorová A. , Šúri P. , Feranc J. , Bugaj P. , Ďuračka M. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPolymeric materials from renewable resources have been tested as additives for rubber blends and vulcanisates. Their influence on the vulcanisation process, tensile strength properties and dynamical‐mechanical properties has been studied and compared with silica. The corn starch, collagen hydrolysate, corn protein and various types of lignin have been added to natural and styrene butadiene rubber in order to find convenient fillers for rubber blends which are able to modify the properties of rubber products. Correlation between Wolf activity coefficient and mechanical properties of vulcanisates is discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthetic, layered nanoparticles for polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs)
Authors: Utracki L. A. , Sepehr M. , Boccaleri E. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis review discusses preparation and use of the synthetic layered nanoparticles in polymer matrices, i.e., in the polymeric nanocomposites (PNCs). Several types of synthetic or semi‐synthetic layered materials are considered, namely the phyllosilicates (clays), silicic acid (magadiite), layered double hydroxides (LDHs), zirconium phosphates (ZrPs), and di‐chalcogenides. The main advantage of synthetic clays is their chemical purity (e.g. absence of amorphous and gritty contaminants, as well as arsenic, iron, and other heavy metals), white to transparent color that assures reproducibly of brightly colored products, as well as a wide range of aspect ratios, p = 20 to ≤6000. Several large scale production facilities have been established. The synthetic clay and LDH industries are oriented toward big volume markets: catalysis, foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, toiletry, etc. The use of these materials in PNCs is limited to synthetic clays and LDHs, mainly for reinforcement, permeability control, reduction of flammability, and stabilization, e.g. during dehydrohalogenation of chlorinated macromolecules. The use of lamellar ZrPs and di‐chalcogenides is at the laboratory stage of functional polymeric systems development, e.g. for electrically conductive materials, catalysts or support for catalysts, in photochemistry, molecular and chiral recognition, or in fuel cell technologies, etc. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Changes in albumin precursor and heat shock protein 70 expression and their potential role in response to corneal epithelial wound repair
Authors: Mushtaq Shamim , Naqvi Zulfiqar A. , Siddiqui Anwar A. , Palmberg Carina , Shafqat Jawed , Ahmed Nikhat 
Published: January 2007

AbstractMany proteins displayed differential expression (either up‐ or down‐regulation) when proteome of migrating and non‐migrating epithelium was assessed using 2‐DE and ESI‐Q‐TOF MS/MS. From the up‐regulated set, we have identified for the first time a 69‐kDa albumin precursor protein with four peptides sequences and 70‐kDa heat shock protein (hsp70) with one peptide in the active phase of cell migration (48 h) during the healing process. Western blot analysis was used to further characterize these proteins at different phases (24, 48 and 72 h) of healing. An increase in the mRNA expression (measured using RT‐PCR) in the active migration phase (48 h) for albumin precursor and hsp70 was also observed. Furthermore, co‐immunoprecipitation studies with anti‐albumin precursor and anti‐hsp70 antibodies, followed by immunoblotting with anti‐fibronectin antibody demonstrated a novel and biologically relevant interaction between albumin precursor protein and fibronectin in corneal epithelial wound healing but not with hsp70. The increased gene and protein expression of albumin and hsp70 during the active phase of cell migration (48 h) in the corneal epithelium suggests their possible role in corneal wound healing. These findings may have broader implications for developing therapeutic strategies for treating wound healing disorders.