bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible role of exogenous cAMP to improve vascular endothelial dysfunction in hypertensive rats
Authors: Shah Dhvanit I. , Singh Manjeet 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe study has been designed to investigate the effect of 8‐Br‐cAMP, an activator of protein kinase A, in hypertension‐induced vascular endothelial dysfunction. Rats were uninephroctomized and desoxycortisone acetate (DOCA) (40 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered to rats to produce hypertension (mean arterial blood pressure > 140 mmHg). Vascular endothelial dysfunction was assessed using isolated aortic ring preparation, electron microscopy of thoracic aorta and serum concentration of nitrite/nitrate. The expression of mRNA forp22phoxandeNOSwas assessed by using reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Serum thiobarbituric acid reactive substances concentration and aortic superoxide anion concentration were estimated to assess oxidative stress. 8‐Br‐cAMP (5 mg/kg, i.p.) or atorvastatin (30 mg/kg, p.o.) prevented hypertension‐induced attenuation of acetylcholine‐induced endothelium‐dependent relaxation, impairment of vascular endothelial lining, decrease in expression of mRNA for endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), serum nitrite/nitrate concentration and increase in expression of mRNA for p22phox, superoxide anion and serum TBARS. The ameliorative effect of 8‐Br‐cAMP was prevented byN‐nitro‐l‐arginine methyl ester (25 mg/kg, i.p.) and glibenclamide (30 mg/kg, i.p.). It may be concluded that 8‐Br‐cAMP may stimulate expression and activity of eNOS and suppress expression of p22phox subunit of NADPH oxidase to reduce oxidative stress and subsequently improve vascular endothelial dysfunction.
Forty-two Thousand and One Dalmatians: Fads, Social Contagion, and Dog Breed Popularity
Authors: Herzog Harold 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLike other cultural variants, tastes in companion animals (pets) can shift rapidly. An analysis of American Kennel Club puppy registrations from 1946 through 2003 (N = 48,598,233 puppy registrations) identified rapid but transient large-scale increases in the popularity of specific dog breeds. Nine breeds of dogs showed particularly pronounced booms and busts in popularity. On average, the increase (boom) phase in these breeds lasted 14 years, during which time annual new registrations increased 3,200%. Equally steep decreases in registrations for the breeds immediately followed these jumps in popularity. The existence of extreme fluctuations in preferences for dog breeds has implications for understanding changes in attitudes toward companion animals, veterinary epidemiology, and canine evolution.
Host status of six major weeds to Meloidogyne chitwoodi and Pratylenchus penetrans, including a preliminary field survey concerning other weeds
Authors: Kutywayo Vhukile , Been Thomas H. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
A glasshouse experiment was carried out to investigate the host status of six
important weeds in intensive agricultural cropping systems to Meloidogyne
chitwoodi and Pratylenchus penetrans. Senecio vulgaris L., Capsella
bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic. and Solanum nigrum L. were hosts of M. chitwoodi
with reproduction factors of 2.5, 2.6 and 7.8, respectively. Echinochloa
crusgalli (L.) Beauv. and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. were non-hosts for M.
chitwoodi as no galls or eggs were observed. Galinsoga parviflora Cav. is
considered a poor host with one out of eight plants producing an egg mass,
but maintaining significantly higher population densities in the soil than
were recorded in the fallow pots. Echinochloa crusgalli, S. nigrum and S.
vulgaris were hosts of P. penetrans with multiplication factors of 1.6, 1.82
and 4.29, respectively. The multiplication rate of P. penetrans on S.
vulgaris was similar to the one recorded on maize, the susceptible control.
Galinsoga parviflora, S. media and C. bursa-pastoris were non-hosts as no
specimen of the target nematode was found in the roots. After 16 weeks, only
1.22 and 0.08% of the original population was still alive for P. penetrans
and M. chitwoodi, respectively. In conjunction with the pot experiment, a
field survey was conducted at two sites, each of which was known to be
highly infested with either M. chitwoodi or P. penetrans. Based on the
survey results, Cirsium arvense Scop. and C. bursa-pastoris can also be
considered to be hosts of M. chitwoodi, whilst Cirsium arvense, Chenopodium
album L. and Polygonum convolvulus L. were recorded as hosts of P.
penetrans. These results call attention to the possibility of weeds acting
as carriers and point sources of possible high population densities of
plant-parasitic nematodes. It emphasises the importance of adequate weed
control in an integrated programme for management of M. chitwoodi and P.
penetrans and the possible failure of the successful use of non-host crops
and fallow in crop rotations when weed control is inadequate.
Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. (Nematoda: Parasitaphelenchidae) associated with Hylobius sp. from Pinus pinaster in Portugal
Authors: Penas Ana Catarina , Metge Kai , Mota Manuel , Valadas Vera 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. is described and illustrated. Dauer juveniles
were isolated from the body of the large pine weevil, Hylobius sp.,
collected from maritime pine (Pinus pinaster) stumps, in Portugal.
Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. was reared and maintained in P. pinaster
wood segments and on Petri dish cultures of the fungi Botrytis cinerea and
Monilinia fructicola. The new species is characterised by a relatively small
body length of ca 583 μ m (females) and 578 μ m (males), a lateral field
with two incisures, presence of a small vulval flap and a conoid female tail
with a rounded or pointed terminus. Males have stout spicules with a
disc-like cucullus and seven caudal papillae arranged as a single midventral
precloacal papilla, one precloacal pair and two postcloacal pairs. In the
character of the lateral field, B. antoniae sp. n. comes close to B.
abietinus, B. rainulfi and B. hylobianum, whilst spicule characters place it
within the piniperdae-group sensu Ryss et al. Morphologically, B. antoniae
sp. n. is closest to B. hylobianum; the spicules of these two species having
flattened, wing-like, alae on the distal third of the lamina.
Bursaphelenchus antoniae sp. n. is distinguished from B. hylobianum on the
arrangement of the caudal papillae (two vs three pairs). ITS-RFLP profiles
and the failure to hybridise support the separation of the two species.
Phylogenetic analysis of the new species, based on the 18S rDNA sequence,
supports the inclusion of this new species in the B. hylobianum-group sensu
Braasch. Sequence analysis of the 28S rDNA D2/D3 domain did not place the
new species in a definite group.
Studies on nematodes of the family Aulolaimoididae (Nematoda: Dorylaimida) with descriptions of five new species
Authors: Mushtaq Peerzada , Baniyamuddin Md , Ahmad Wasim 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Five new and two known species belonging to the family Aulolaimoididae are
described and illustrated from India and Costa Rica. Adenolaimus minor sp.
n. is characterised by the short body (L = 0.38-0.46 mm), stoma supported by
minute ribs, monoopisthodelphic female genital system with a small
pre-uterine sac, obtusely rounded tail and male with slender spicules.
Adenolaimus loofi sp. n. is characterised by the 0.66-0.72 mm long body;
stoma and pharyngeal walls supported by minute rib-like structures; truncate
lip region; 4.0 μ m long odontostyle; odontophore with basal flanges;
mono-opisthodelphic female genital system with anterior uterine sac 0.7-1.0
times corresponding body diam. long; short hemispheroid tail and males with
two, spaced, ventromedian supplements. Adenolaimus clavatus sp. n. is
characterised by the 0.90-1.01 mm long body; stoma and pharyngeal walls
supported by minute rib-like structures; continuous, rounded, lip region;
5.5-6.0 μm long odontostyle; odontophore with basal flanges;
mono-opisthodelphic female genital system with a small anterior uterine sac
and short clavate tail. Adenolaimus tropicus sp. n. is characterised by the
0.75-0.80 mm long body; lip region rounded and offset by depression; 5 μm
long odontostyle; pharyngeal bulb not constricted; anterior genital branch
reduced to an uterine sac and short hemispherical tail. Oostenbrinkia parva
sp. n. is characterised by the small body (L = 0.440.49 mm); 4.0 μm long
odontostyle with forked base, flanged odontophore; post-median vulva; vagina
with two slender sclerotised pieces; amphidelphic genital system and short,
hemispheroid, tail. Two known species, Aulolaimoides elegans and Adenolaimus
orthus are redescribed and the generic diagnosis of Oostenbrinkia is
emended. A species compendium and key to the genera and species of
Aulolaimoididae are provided.
On Being a Couple: A Dialogal Inquiry
Authors: SayreLamboNavarre GeorgeDeborahHeather 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn expanded conceptualization of the dialogal research methodology was used to gain a deeper understanding of the dyadic experience of Being a couple. Twenty-two committed couples from a variety of backgrounds were interviewed, responding to the question: “What does it mean to ‘Be’ a couple?” The interviews were videotaped, allowing the researchers to engage with both verbal and nonverbal interpersonal expression. The authors describe the dialogal process used, and identify and discuss three core themes expressed by the couples regarding the meaning of being a couple: commitment, morphogenesis, and transcending paradox through witness.
The Management of Nationalism during the Jiang Era (1994–2002) and Its Implications On Government and Regime Legitimacy
Authors: Esteban Mario 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper aims to provide a detailed explanation of how the promotion of different nationalist discourses in China entails distinct repercussions on both government and regime legitimacy, looking for the rationale of governmental appeal to both affirmative and assertive nationalism within the context of general legitimacy crisis suffered by communism in the last years.Through the analysis of case studies including the return of Hong Kong and Macao under Chinese sovereignty and the success of Beijing's bid for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, this paper regards the rise of affirmative nationalism as beneficial for the legitimacy of both the Jiang government and the CCP regime as a whole. However, the increasing relevance of assertive nationalism, discussed with reference to the Diaoyu dispute with Japan, and the diplomatic crisis with the US after the bombing of the Chinese embassy in Belgrade and the unauthorised landing of a US surveillance plane on Hainan, has put a challenge on Jiang's government, since it has been effectively used by the leftist wing of the party for gaining more leverage within the CCP with regard to the reformists. At the same time, assertive nationalism has reinforced regime legitimacy, providing effective ammunition to criticise the liberals.
Settlement of Disputes Relating to the Delimitation of the Outer Continental Shelf: The Role of International Courts and Arbitral Tribunals
Authors: Rangel Vicente Marotta 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis presentation gives an assessment of the actual judicial control concerning the delimitation of the continental shelf. Before interpreting the role of International Courts and Arbitral Tribunals, the author gives a brief overview over the different categories of delimitation, the coastal state's rights over its continental shelf and outlines historic precedents of international disputes. Today, the Convention provides an comprehensive dispute settlement system. This system will be illuminated and reviewed by the presentation with special reference to the judicial control over the Commission's recommendations.
The revised International Prognostic Index (R-IPI) is a better predictor of outcome than the standard IPI for patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma treated with R-CHOP
Authors: Sehn Laurie H. , Berry Brian , Chhanabhai Mukesh , Fitzgerald Catherine , Gill Karamjit , Hoskins Paul , Klasa Richard , Savage Kerry J. , Shenkier Tamara , Sutherland Judy , Gascoyne Randy D. , Connors Joseph M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDiffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a heterogeneous entity, with patients exhibiting a wide range of outcomes. The addition of rituximab to CHOP chemotherapy (R-CHOP)has led to a marked improvement in survival and has called into question the significance of previously recognized prognostic markers. Since randomized controlled trials of R-CHOP in DLBCL have included select subgroups of patients, the utility of the International Prognostic Index (IPI) has not been reassessed. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with DLBCL treated with R-CHOP in the province of British Columbia to assess the value of the IPI in the era of immunochemotherapy. The IPI remains predictive, but it identifies only 2 risk groups. Redistribution of the IPI factors into a revised IPI (R-IPI) provides a more clinically useful prediction of outcome. The R-IPI identifies 3 distinct prognostic groups with a very good (4-year progression-free survival [PFS] 94%, overall survival [OS] 94%), good (4-year PFS 80%, OS 79%), and poor (4-year PFS 53%, OS 55%) outcome, respectively (P < .001). The IPI (or R-IPI) no longer identifies a risk group with less than a 50% chance of survival. In the era of R-CHOP treatment, the R-IPI is a clinically useful prognostic index that may help guide treatment planning and interpretation of clinical trials.
Acquisition of antigen presentasome (APS), an MHC/costimulatory complex, is a checkpoint of memory T-cell homeostasis
Authors: Mostböck Sven , Catalfamo Marta , Tagaya Yutaka , Schlom Jeffrey , Sabzevari Helen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractImmunologic memory is associated with the activation and expansion of antigen-specific T cells, followed by clonal deletion and survival of a small number of memory T cells. This study establishes that effector and rested memory T cells can acquire major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/CD80 molecules (antigen presentasome [APS]) upon activation in vitro and after vaccination in vivo. We demonstrate for the first time that acquisition of APS by rested memory T cells is correlated with increased levels of apoptosis in vivo and up-regulation of caspase-3, bcl-x, bak, and bax in our in vitro studies. Moreover, our results demonstrate that memory T cells with acquired APS can indeed become cytotoxic T lymphocytes and kill other cells through perforin-mediated lysis. In addition, they retained the production of interferon γ and T-helper 2 (Th2) type cytokines. The acquisition of APS by memory T cells might be an important checkpoint leading to the clonal deletion of the majority of effector T cells, possibly allowing the surviving cells to become long-term memory cells by default.
An optimized grapevine RNA isolation procedure and statistical determination of reference genes for real-time RT-PCR during berry development
Authors: Reid Karen E , Olsson Niclas , Schlosser James , Peng Fred , Lund Steven T 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundAccuracy in quantitative real-time RT-PCR is dependent on high quality RNA, consistent cDNA synthesis, and validated stable reference genes for data normalization. Reference genes used for normalization impact the results generated from expression studies and, hence, should be evaluated prior to use across samples and treatments. Few statistically validated reference genes have been reported in grapevine. Moreover, success in isolating high quality RNA from grapevine tissues is typically limiting due to low pH, and high polyphenolic and polysaccharide contents.ResultsWe describe optimization of an RNA isolation procedure that compensates for the low pH found in grape berries and improves the ability of the RNA to precipitate. This procedure was tested on pericarp and seed developmental series, as well as steady-state leaf, root, and flower tissues. Additionally, the expression stability of actin, AP47 (clathrin-associated protein), cyclophilin, EF1-α (elongation factor 1-α), GAPDH (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase), MDH (malate dehydrogenase), PP2A (protein phosphatase), SAND, TIP41, α-tubulin, β-tubulin, UBC (ubiquitin conjugating enzyme), UBQ-L40 (ubiquitin L40) and UBQ10 (polyubiquitin) were evaluated onVitis viniferacv. Cabernet Sauvignon pericarp using three different statistical approaches. Although several of the genes proved to be relatively stable, no single gene outperformed all other genes in each of the three evaluation methods tested. Furthermore, the effect of using one reference gene versus normalizing to the geometric mean of several genes is presented for the expression of an aquaporin and a sucrose transporter over a developmental series.ConclusionIn order to quantify relative transcript abundances accurately using real-time RT-PCR, we recommend that combinations of several genes be used for normalization in grape berry development studies. Our data support GAPDH, actin, EF1-α and SAND as the most relevant reference genes for this purpose.
Annealing Effect of Cermet Membranes on Hydrogen Permeability
Authors: Song Sun-Ju , Wachsman Eric D , Lee Tae H , Chen Ling , Dorris Stephen E , Balachandran U (Balu) 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Ni–SrCe0.8Yb0.2O3−δ cermet membranes are being developed to separate hydrogen from hydrogen-containing gas mixtures at high temperature. The hydrogen flux of an annealed membrane showed higher flux than that of an as-sintered membrane. The major contribution to overall flux was from ambipolar diffusion through the metal-to-oxide grain boundary. The higher hydrogen permeation flux of an annealed membrane may be understood by its larger metal grains and lower tortuosity, leading to a less-effective length for proton diffusion.
Preparation of Phenyl-modified Siloxane Glasses with Softening Temperature Controlled by Rapid Heat Treatment (RHT)
Authors: Kuniyoshi Minoru , Takahashi Masahide , Tokuda Yomei , Yoko Toshinobu 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Thermosoftening phenylpolysiloxane glasses with controlled softening temperature have been obtained by a heat treatment at temperatures close to the decomposition temperature of organic component for several minutes, which we call a rapid heat treatment (RHT). Precursor glasses for RHT should be silanol-free, which were prepared by polycondensation of fully hydrolyzed small oligomers. The softening temperature (Ts) and weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of the obtained glasses could be controlled by the RHT at 400–500 °C for 5 min. The decrease of the molecular weight through the rearrangement of siloxane network was responsible for a decrease of the softening temperature by RHT.
Solvothermal Fabrication of Monodisperse Zinc-blende CdS Nanocrystals
Authors: Chen Ming , Pan Lijia , Cao Jieming , Zheng Mingbo , Chen Yongping , Cao Yulin , Zhang Haiqian 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Nearly monodisperse CdS semiconductor nanocrystals have been successfully fabricated by a simple solvothermal route using cheap and low-cost normal inorganic compounds as precursors. The reaction temperature is demonstrated to be critical for the fabrication of the monodisperse nanocrystals. The nanocrystals were characterized by XRD, TEM, UV–vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. Without involving special conditions, this method can be expected to make considerable contribution to the fabrication of various nanocrystals and nanocrystals-related research.
Enhancement of the Photocatalytic Reactivity of Unique Rectangular Column-structured TiO2 Photocatalysts by Incorporating Nanosized Metal Particles
Authors: Kudo Takeshi , Kudo Yuko , Hasegawa Akira , Anpo Masakazu 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Highly efficient rectangular column-structured TiO2 photocatalysts have been developed by loading various metal nanoparticles on TiO2, such as copper (Cu/TiO2) or platinum (Pt/TiO2), by a photodeposition method. It was observed that with a Cu-loaded Cu/TiO2 photocatalyst, there was less decrease in the photocatalytic activity due to the poisoning of the photo-formed inorganics than with unloaded TiO2 catalysts.
A Novel Transmetallation of Triarylstibanes into Arylboronate: Boro-induced Ipso-deantimonation and Its Theoretical Calculation
Authors: Yasuike Shuji , Nakata Kazuhide , Qin Weiwei , Kaji Toshiyuki , Kurita Jyoji 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Treatment of triarylstibanes with boron trichloride followed by derivatization with methanol and 1,3-propanediol afforded arylboronates in good yield with all three aryl groups on the antimony being utilized. Theoretical calculation of the reaction pathway revealed that the transformation proceeds through boro-induced ipso-deantimonation and the reactivity of Ph3M (M = P, As, Sb, and Bi) should be governed by the stability of the corresponding cations Ar2M+.
Electrochemical Evaluation of the Structural Difference in Azurins-1 and -2 from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans GIFU 1051 in Aqueous Solution Using Self-assembled Monolayers of Optically Active CoIII Complexes
Authors: Takahashi Isao , Inomata Tomohiko , Funahashi Yasuhiro , Ozawa Tomohiro , Masuda Hideki 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Two types of azurins (azurins-1 and -2), derived from Alcaligenes xylosoxidans GIFU 1051, were first discriminated electrochemically using Au electrode modified with the optically active CoIII complexes with (S)-/(R)-phenylalanine derivatives. They indicated the different redox behaviors induced by small difference in the structural environment around type-1 Cu.
Long‐term results of treatment for glomus jugulare and glomus vagale tumors with radiotherapy
Authors: Cole James M. , Beiler David 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSince 1954, 39 cases of glomus jugulare or vagale tumor have been treated by the authors with radiotherapy. The initial results with orthovoltage (280 kV) therapy were unpredictable, but 30 patients with 32 tumors treated with megavoltage radiotherapy (Cobalt‐60 [60Co] or linear accelerator) have shown either no evidence of recurrence or complications, with one exception, or died of causes unrelated to their glomus tumor. Megavoltage radiotherapy is recommended for primary treatment of all glomus tumors that present with evidence of bone invasion or nerve involvement.
External beam irradiation alone or combined with neck dissection for base of tongue carcinoma: An alternative to primary surgery
Authors: Hinerman Russell W. , Parsons James T. , Mendenhall William M. , Million Rodney R. , Stringer Scott P. , Cassisi Nicholas J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFrom 1964 to 1990, 134 patients were treated at the University of Florida with continuous‐course external beam irradiation, alone or followed by a planned neck dissection, for T1 (n = 17), T2 (n = 47), T3 (n = 49), or T4 (n = 21) carcinoma of the base of tongue.The 5‐year rate of local control was 90% for stage T1, 92% for T2, 73% for T3, and 35% for T4. Probability of control above the clavicles at 5 years according to modified American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage was 100% for stages I and II, 75% for stage III, 84% for stage IVa, and 52% for stage IVb. Probability of relapse‐free survival at 5 years was 100% for stages I and II, 68% for stage III, 81% for stage IVa, and 37% for stage IVb. Severe complications occurred in 2% of patients.Compared with surgical resection of the primary tumor, external beam radiotherapy results in similar rates of local control and survival with a lower risk of severe complications.