bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A real‐time human movement transfer system for an omnidirectional display
Authors: Sakamoto Naohisa , Yasuhara Yukio , Kukimoto Nobuyuki , Ebara Yasuo , Koyamada Koji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a system in which a human image with movement is captured by a multiviewpoint camera and is converted in real time to three‐dimensional data, which are sent by network transfer so that the image can be displayed at a remote site in three dimensions, using an omnidirectional display device. In the proposed system, the target human image is reconstructed in voxelwise, using parallel volume intersection for multiple images. The reconstructed voxels represent only the presence or absence of the object. Then coloring is required, based on texture information that is obtained by projecting the voxel on each image plane. The judgment as to whether the voxel is visible is important in the coloring process. In this study we attempt to achieve real‐time processing from imaging to display. A parallel coloring procedure is developed by using a human image buffer in each camera, so that the visibility of the voxels is judged in real time. In order to investigate the effectiveness of the system, an experimental system for multiviewpoint image processing was constructed using five cameras and six PCs. A human image with movement was captured and a performance of 2.63 FPS was achieved for reconstruction with a spatial resolution of 96×96×96 (a voxel size of 10 mm). The reconstructed data were directly transferred to the omnidirectional display device without being stored in memory, and were displayed, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 77–86, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20416
HMM‐based text segmentation using variational Bayes learning and its application to audio‐visual indexing
Authors: Koshinaka Takafumi , Okumura Akitoshi , Isotani Ryosuke 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecent progress in large‐vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) has raised the possibility of applying information retrieval techniques to the resulting text. This paper presents a novel unsupervised text segmentation method. Assuming a generative model of a text stream as a left‐to‐right hidden Markov model (HMM), text segmentation can be formulated as model parameter estimation and model selection using the text stream. The formulation is derived based on the variational Bayes framework, which is expected to work well with highly sparse data such as text. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through a series of experiments, where broadcast news programs are automatically transcribed and segmented into separate news stories. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 1–11, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20421
Performance improvement approach for dependable computing system with optical voting circuit
Authors: Yanagawa Yoshimitsu , Takahara Takuya , Mizuno Takahide , Saito Hirobumi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a new voting method using light that makes possible the realization of a high‐performance computing system equipped with both flexibility and dependability. Soft errors inside computers due to terrestrial radiation have become a problem in recent years. We have proposed a highly dependable triple voting‐type computing system that can be used even in the strong radiation environment of space. While this system uses reconfigurable SRAM‐based FPGA to achieve high flexibility, the system operation speed was limited by synchronization problems in voting circuits located on parallel buses, and by the bottleneck of a limited upper speed for the radiation‐tolerant device used in the voting logic circuit. As a result, we study the use of a serial bus, and propose a voting circuit using light that is suitable for a high‐speed serial bus. This optical voting circuit is highly compatible with the high‐speed serial interfaces provided on recent FPGAs, and is easily configurable using existing optical communications devices. In operations tests using an optical communications module, we obtained voting performance at a 1 Gbit/s communication speed, and estimated that the upper speed limit for the test system is 2.14 Gbit/s. Use of a higher speed optical communication module and circuit optimization should make it possible to achieve even higher speeds. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 35–46, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20422
Color photometric stereo and virtual image rendering using neural networks
Authors: Kawanaka Haruki , Iwahori Yuji , Woodham Robert J. , Funahashi Kenji 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper we extend the application of neural network‐based photometric stereo founded on the principle of empirical photometric stereo to color images proposing a method for computing both the normal vectors of a target object and its color reflectance coefficients. This method is able to render objects that have non‐Lambert reflectance properties without using any parametric reflectance function as a reflectance model. In addition, we propose a novel neural network‐based rendering method that allows the generation of realistic virtual images of an object with arbitrary light source direction and from arbitrary viewpoints based on the physical reflectance properties of the actual object and perform a comparative evaluation with approximations by existing models, the Phong model, and the Torrance–Sparrow model. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 47–60, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20423
A dynamic background extraction method for indoor intruder detection
Authors: Shimada Ryuya , Kawaguchi Naohiro , Kaga Kenta , Yamada Hiromitsu , Mori Terunori 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWith recent increases in criminal activity, research and development efforts are required for detection of intruders. This paper proposes an element technique for developing a cheap intruder detection system with high performance. The following three functions are developed in this study. (1) The system can deal with smooth changes of illumination, including movement of the light source. (2) For a slowly moving intruder, the region of presence is clearly detected. (3) For an intruder pausing his movement, the region of presence is clearly detected. Functions (1) and (2) are apparently contradictory. The basic idea of the method is to detect the region of presence of the intruder based on the difference image between the background image without the intruder and the present input image. The crucial point then is how to update accurately and simply the present background image, and there has been no method that realizes the above three functions at the same time. In contrast, we realized these functions by an approach in which weighted averaging is not applied to the detected intruder region and its boundary in the background image. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 61–76, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20424
Model generation interface for simulation of left ventricular motion
Authors: Amano Akira , Kanda Kenichi , Shibayama Tsukasa , Kamei Yuu , Matsuda Tetsuya 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the field of life science, a tremendous amount of quantitative data related to biological systems continues to accumulate. There are still many aspects of biological phenomena which are not fully analyzed, due to interaction between various phenomena and mechanisms. The simulation technique provides useful approaches to the analysis of such phenomena, in which the model describing the phenomenon and the model parameters are adjusted. Usually, however, simulation models for biological functions are very complex, and a tremendous amount of time is required in comprehensively adjusting the model and its parameters and then evaluating the simulation results. This study aims at construction of a model for the left ventricular motion, and considers the left ventricular shape model, the cell orientation model, and the coronary artery model as its components. An interface is constructed by which the above models and the model parameters can be adjusted. Using this interface, it is possible to evaluate the simulation model efficiently. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 87–98, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20425
Learning of color transformation considering local illumination changes for interactive object recognition
Authors: Makihara Yasushi , Shirai Yoshiaki , Shimada Nobutaka 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a learning method of color transformation considering local illumination changes in a scene for interactive object recognition. We deal with refrigerator scenes with external and internal light. The external illumination changes are expressed in terms of locations in the refrigerator and the parameters are learned. Because the intensity of the internal illumination depends not only on the location but also on the transmissivity of target objects and existence of shading objects, we try recognizing objects by changing the intensity and determine one at which the object is successfully recognized. Experiments of object detection show the effectiveness of our method. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 99–110, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20426
Effectiveness of an evolutionary algorithm for the multi‐objective rectangular packing problem
Authors: Watanabe Shinya , Hiroyasu Tomoyuki , Miki Mitsunori 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis paper considers the rectangular packing problem and investigates the effectiveness of the neighborhood cultivation genetic algorithm (NCGA). NCGA, which we proposed, is a new algorithm in which the unique mechanism of neighborhood crossover is combined with effective mechanisms for search in multi‐objective GA proposed in the past. The effectiveness of the proposed method in typical test problems has already been investigated with satisfactory results in past studies. The rectangular packing problem, on the other hand, is applied to floor planning, such as chip area minimization in large‐scale integrated circuits. It is a kind of discrete combinatorial problem in which it is known that the search is difficult and a very long time is required until the solution is obtained. This paper formulates the rectangular packing problem as a multi‐objective problem with the vertical and horizontal lengths of the placement configuration as the objectives. The sequence‐pair is used as the block placement representation, and PPEX is used as the crossover procedure. Using these processes, the effectiveness of NCGA is investigated. For comparison, three other methods—NSGA‐II, SPEA2, and non‐NCGA (NCGA without neighborhood crossover)—are investigated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 111–120, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20427
A computer simulation of relative backscattering coefficients of sea surfaces in satellite altimetry
Authors: Fukuda Kazunobu , Fujisaki Kiyotaka , Tateiba Mitsuo 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to establish a method for estimating the sea wave period by satellite radar altimetry. The backscatter coefficient, which is closely related to the period, is evaluated by computer simulation. Specifically, the following method is presented. The sea wave is modeled on the basis of the Pierson–Moskowitz spectrum. The average received power is determined by radar altimetry simulation of our proposal. It is shown that the backscatter coefficient of the sea surface can be calculated on a relative basis. Using the data for the relative received power calculated from various sea wave parameters, the relation between the significant wave height and the backscatter coefficient, and also the relation between the significant wavelength and the backscatter coefficient, are derived. Thus, the possibility of observing the sea wave period by using satellite radar altimetry is demonstrated. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 90(12): 121–128, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecjb.20428
The role of political myth in the international conflict over genetically modified foods and crops
Authors: Lieberman Sarah , Gray Tim 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAlthough the controversy over genetically modified (GM) foods and crops has generated some well known myths, such as ‘frankenfoods’, there has been little analysis of the political role played by these myths. Yet the significance of myth in the GM debate is considerable: indeed, by reflecting and reinforcing the political stances of the major protagonists, myths have themselves become important components in the conflict. With the aid of theoretical tools derived from Laclau, we examine the notion of political myth, and find that it has three levels: factual error, social meaning and political hegemony. We apply this theory to the GM controversy, distinguishing between substantive GM myths, such as frankenfoods, and procedural GM myths, such as the EU moratorium on GM products. We conclude that if such political myths become powerful enough, they could transform themselves into dominant hegemons – i.e. what Laclau calls social imaginaries – and begin to dictate GM policies across the globe. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
1D and 2D FeII Azide Coordination Polymers with Ferromagnetic Canting
Authors: Abu‐Youssef Morsy A. M. , Langer Vratislav , Luneau Dominique , Shams Eman , Goher Mohamed A. S. , Öhrström Lars 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe two compounds [FeII(pyridine)2(N3)2(H2O)] (1) and [FeII(4‐acetylpyridine)2(N3)2] (2) were prepared. The X‐ray crystal structures show end‐to‐end (EE) bridging azides in both cases with a 1D Fe–NNN–Fe chain for 1 and a 2D Fe–NNN–Fe net in 2. Both compounds show similar magnetic behaviour where the high‐temperature data are consistent with antiferromagnetic couplings and the low‐temperature data indicate ferrimagnetic ordering based on spin canting at 20 and 45 K. Compound 2 also shows a hysteresis loop. These findings are compared to the related 3D coordination polymer [Fe(N3)2(4,4′‐bipyridine)]. According to network analyses the latter compound was shown to contain the new uninodal six‐connected‐network topology (510 · 64 · 7)‐jsm. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Intramolecular Host–Guest Dynamics of FeCp(CO)2X (X = I and CH3) and Mo2Cp2(CO)6 Included in β‐ or γ‐Cyclodextrin
Authors: Aime Silvio , Chierotti Michele R. , Gobetto Roberto , Masic Admir , Napolitano Fabio , Canuto Holly C. , Heyes Stephen J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractVariable‐temperature 13C CPMAS NMR spectra of the metal–carbonyl complexes FeCp(CO)2X (where X = I, CH3) and Mo2Cp2(CO)6 included in β‐ or γ‐cyclodextrin (CD) cavities were investigated in the temperature range 133 to 293 K. The motion of the guest molecule inside the CD can be detected by comparing these spectra with the static crystalline patterns of FeCp(CO)2I and Mo2Cp2(CO)6. In the case of FeCp(CO)2CH3, solid‐state plastic crystal behaviour is noted for the free guest; the molecular motion is further modified by inclusion within the CD cavity. The nature of the molecular motion found within the metal–carbonyl/CD adducts was shown to be dependent on the symmetry, size and orientation of the guest molecule within the host cavity. In the case of Mo2Cp2(CO)6 included in γ‐CD, the two [MoCp(CO)3] ends of the dimer may be considered as separate dynamic entities: one half of the moiety within the CD cavity exhibits a greater freedom of motion, whereas the other end of the dimer is anchored. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Control of Structure and Magnetic Interaction Through Ligand Design: One‐Dimensional Complexes from Ferromagnetic to Antiferromagnetic Coupling
Authors: Wang Wen‐Zhen , Ismayilov Rayyat Huseyn , Lee Gene‐Hsiang , Wang Hsin‐Ta , Wang Rui‐Ren , Peng Shie‐Ming 
Published: November 2007

AbstractFour unsymmetrical pyrazine‐ and/or 4‐picoline‐modulated N,N′‐bis(α‐pyridyl)‐2,6‐diaminopyridine ligands (PMN5) were synthesized and their 1D copper(II) complexes studied. When pyrazine is a terminal ring, the ligands showed in‐plane and out‐of‐plane coordination modes and led to a one‐dimensional zigzag chain polymer. The orthogonal overlap of orbitals through a bridging pyrazine ring resulted in ferromagnetic interaction. Middle‐ring pyrazine‐modulated ligands resulted in straight one‐dimensional compounds and had antiferromagnetic coupling. The EPR spectra of the compounds showed significant covalency in the Cu–N bonds.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
[Bis(guanidine)]zinc Complexes and Their Application in Lactide Polymerisation
Authors: Börner Janna , Herres‐Pawlis Sonja , Flörke Ulrich , Huber Klaus 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe bis(guanidine)‐stabilised zinc complexes [N1,N2‐bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine]dichloridozinc(II), [Zn(DMEG2e)Cl2] (C1), diacetato[N1,N2‐bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine]zinc(II),[Zn(DMEG2e)(CH3COO)2] (C2), and bis[N1,N2‐bis(1,3‐dimethylimidazolidin‐2‐ylidene)ethane‐1,2‐diamine]zinc(II) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonate), [Zn(DMEG2e)2](CF3SO3)2(C3), have been synthesised and completely characterised by means of X‐ray structure analysis, NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. These [bis(guanidine)]zinc complexes were investigated regarding their activity in the bulk polymerisation ofD,L‐lactide. It could be shown that these compounds are able to act as initiators for lactide polymerisation, and polylactides with molecular weights (Mw) of around 18000–59000 g/mol could be obtained. Variation of the reaction temperature revealed that the molecular weights decrease with increasing temperature. Additionally, the correlation of the intrinsic viscosity with the molecular weight demonstrates that the obtained polymers are linear and structurally homogeneous.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Formation of Boronate Ester Polymers with Efficient Intrastrand Charge‐Transfer Transitions by Three‐Component Reactions (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 33/2007)
Authors: Christinat Nicolas , Croisier Emmanuel , Scopelliti Rosario , Cascella Michele , Röthlisberger Ursula , Severin Kay 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe cover picture shows the formation of deeply colored boronate ester polymers by three‐component reactions of boronic acids with 1,2,4,5‐tetrahydroxybenzene and dipyridyl compounds. The strong color of the polymers is due to efficient intrastrand charge transfer excitations from the tetraoxobenzene to the dipyridyl linker. Upon dissolution of the polymers in hot chloroform, most of the B–N connections are broken, which indicates that polymer formation is a reversible process. More details on these reactions are described in the article by K. Severin et al. on page 5177 ff.
Synthesis of New Trisubstituted 4‐Aminopiperidines as PAF‐Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Benmehdi Houcine , Lamouri Aazdine , Serradji Nawal , Pallois Frédérique , Heymans Françoise 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTwo novel classes of 4‐aminopiperidines substituted in the 3‐position by groups bearing either a carbamate or a ureido function have been synthesized from ethyl 4‐oxo‐3‐piperidinecarboxylate and 3,3′‐iminobis(propanenitrile), respectively. The key step in this synthesis, the reduction of the piperidinic β‐enamino ester or nitrile, occurred readily. In contrast to published works, the free primary amines could be isolated from the corresponding β‐amino ester or nitrile. Regioselective amidification of the amino group offered two pairs of diastereoisomers which were successfully separated and identified. Measurement of PAF‐receptor antagonist activity gave interesting results with an IC50 close to the micromolar.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
A Convenient Method for the Synthesis of Stable α‐Fluoro Enamines of Nucleobases
Authors: Wójtowicz‐Rajchel Hanna , Koroniak Henryk , Katrusiak Andrzej 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTreatment of a whole set of nucleic acid bases and related derivatives 4, 9 and 10 with electron‐deficient hexafluoropropene or 1,1,3,3,3‐pentafluoropropene in the presence of sodium hydride gave the corresponding N1 and N9 stable fluorinated enamines with high regioselectivity. This alkylation is a result of a Michael type addition–elimination process and gave the desired products 2a–10a and 2b–10b as E/Z mixtures. Unexpectedly, treatment of 2b with tert‐butyllithium and subsequently with [D4]methanol gave different results for E and Z stereoisomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Online Mechanistic Investigations of Catalyzed Reactions by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry: A Tool to Intercept Transient Species in Solution
Authors: Santos Leonardo S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDuring the last two decades there has been considerable growth in the development of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS) as a practical method for studying reaction mechanisms. This tool allows interception and characterization of several key intermediates, either as transient species or as protonated/deprotonated forms of neutral species. Reaction pathways shown by ESI‐MS(/MS) have been probed by gas‐phase ion/molecule reactions, and expanded mechanisms have been elaborated based on mass spectrometric data. The successful application of ESI‐MS in revealing, elucidating, and helping to consolidate proposed mechanisms of organic reactions is emphasized. This is meant to serve as a foundation for future investigations in this rapidly developing area of research. Outstanding features and advantages of ESI‐MS make it one of the most suitable tools for the fast screening of intermediates directly from solution; it has significantly increased the chemical information available to organic chemists. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Design, Synthesis and Recognition Properties of Urea‐Type Anion Receptors in Low Polar Media
Authors: Pescatori Luca , Arduini Arturo , Pochini Andrea , Ugozzoli Franco , Secchi Andrea 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe binding efficiency of simple receptors bearing two NH hydrogen‐bond donor groups, of general formula PhCH2NH–Y–NHPh (Y = C=N–Ts, SO2, CS, CO), towards selected anion guests has been evaluated in chloroform solution in order to assess the effect of the nature of different binding sites incorporated into the receptor scaffold. Experimental results together with molecular mechanics and quantum chemical calculations have revealed that the nature of the spacer Y induces important electronic effects and conformational changes that lead to different degrees of preorganisation of the NH binding groups. In addition, the synthesis and binding properties of new lipophilic urea‐based receptors, having electron‐withdrawing alkylsulfonyl substituents (SO2C8H17) and characterised by enhanced NH hydrogen‐bond donor ability, is reported.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)