bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of a psychological intervention on depression in infertile couples
Authors: Noorbala Ahmad A. , Ramazanzadeh Fatemeh , Malekafzali Hossein , Abedinia Nasrin , Forooshani Abbas R. , Shariat Mamak , Jafarabadi Mina 
Published: March 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo determine factors affecting depression in infertile couples and the impact of a psychological intervention before or during infertility treatment.MethodsIn a cross‐sectional study with 638 infertile couples assessed for depression, 140 couples with a member who had a Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score of 17 or higher were randomized to receive psychological treatment either before or during infertility treatment. Logistic regression was performed to eliminate confounding factors.ResultsDepression was initially found in 48% of women and 23.8% of men. The mean ± SD Beck scores fell from 18.7 ± 9.7 to 10.7 ± 5.8 (P < 0.001) in the group psychologically treated before they received infertility treatment.ConclusionThe psychological intervention was found useful in alleviating depression in infertile couples before they received infertility treatment.
From medicine to natural philosophy: Francis Hauksbee's way to the air-pump
Authors: BRUNDTLAND TERJE 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFrancis Hauksbee (1660–1713) is well known for his double-barrelled air-pump. However, the origin of this pump, and Hauksbee's background, are often described as a mystery. This text seeks to dispel the riddle. It is argued that Hauksbee's competence as an exceptional maker of air-pumps was developed between 1699 and 1703 as a result of his experiences with the construction, manufacturing and sale of cupping-glasses. His cupping utensils embodied a new design, where syringes were used to evacuate the glasses, instead of the traditional way by fire or mouth suction. These syringes, which in fact were small air-pumps, were perfected between 1699 and 1701. A larger syringe, introduced in 1701, served as a transition from the cupping-syringe to his first air-pump for use in natural philosophy. This syringe was described as a ‘combined engine’, which could serve as an air-pump, a condensing engine and a syringe for injecting air, wax or mercury into pathological specimens. Hauksbee's first air-pump was a single-barrelled model introduced in 1702, based on the combined engine. Its various features, such as easy and convenient leak-tightening, exact pressure measurements by an in-built barometer and an air-inlet function for readmission of air into the receiver, are discussed. Finally, it is shown that these activities gave Hauksbee the reputation of being an outstanding instrument-maker, years before the double-barrelled air-pump was in sight.
Hypolipidaemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of lupin proteins in a rabbit model
Authors: Marchesi Marta , Parolini Cinzia , Diani Erika , Rigamonti Elena , Cornelli Lorena , Arnoldi Anna , Sirtori Cesare R. , Chiesa Giulia 
Published: March 2008

The biological activities of a protein isolate from lupin (Lupinus albus) were studied in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Focal plaque development was induced at both common carotid arteries by perivascular injury. After surgery, animals were fed three different diets for 90 d, all with 1 % cholesterol, 15 % SFA and 20 % protein; the protein source was casein (CAS), lupin proteins (LUP) or 50 % CAS+50 % LUP (CAS+LUP). Lower cholesterolaemia was detected in the LUP v. the CAS group at 60 and 90 d of treatment ( − 40·3 and − 33·5 %, respectively; P < 0·05). Cryosection analyses of the carotids indicated a significant reduction in focal lesion progression in the LUP v. the CAS group ( − 37·4 %; P < 0·05). In summary, in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis, a protein isolate from L. albus reduced cholesterolaemia and exerted a remarkable protective activity against atherosclerosis progression.
What we imagine versus how we imagine, and a problem for explaining counterfactual thoughts with causal ones
Authors: Herrmann Winston Chang and Patricia 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCausal and counterfactual thoughts are bound together in Byrne's theory of human imagination. We think there are two issues in her theory that deserve clarification. First, Byrne describes which counterfactual possibilities we think of, but she leaves unexplained the mechanisms by which we generate these possibilities. Second, her exploration of “strong causes” and enablers gives two different predictions of which counterfactuals we think of in causal scenarios. On one account, we think of the counterfactuals which we have control over. On the other, which counterfactuals we think of depends on whether something is a strong cause or an enabler. Although these two accounts sometimes give the same predictions, we present cases in which they differ, and we would like to see Byrne's theory provide a way of reconciling these differences.
Beyond rationality: Counterfactual thinking and behavior regulation
Authors: Epstude Kai , Roese Neal J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCounterfactual thinking may be described as disciplined, realistic, and rational, but we move a step further to describe a theoretical perspective centering on behavior regulation. According to this perspective, counterfactual thinking primarily centers on coordination of ongoing behavior. In short, most “if only” thoughts in daily life center on the acquisition of goals; hence, counterfactual thinking may be illuminated by considering the large literature on goal cognition.
Semifactual: Byrne's account of even-if
Authors: Handley Simon J. , Feeney Aidan 
Published: March 2008

AbstractByrne's approach to the semifactual conditional captures the reasoning data. However, we argue that it does not account for the processes or principles by which people arrive at representations of even-if conditionals, upon which their reasoning is said to be based. Drawing upon recent work on the suppositional conditional we present such an account.
Differential focus in causal and counterfactual thinking: Different possibilities or different functions?
Authors: Mandel David R. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn The Rational Imagination, Byrne proposes a mental models account of why causal and counterfactual thinking often focus on different antecedents. This review critically examines the two central propositions of her account, finding both only weakly defensible. Byrne's account is contrasted with judgment dissociation theory, which offers a functional explanation for differences in the focus of causal and counterfactual thinking.
Is considering true possibilities a truly explanatory principle for imaginative thought?
Authors: Ward Thomas B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractByrne (2005) demonstrates that reasoning and imagination are logical and governed by the same processing principles. In extending those principles to other forms of imaginative functioning, however, problems arise. The meaning of “true possibility” is stretched, and the causal role of the principles is not well established. Nevertheless, consideration of the extent to which ordinary cognitive processes govern creative functioning is valuable.
On weak non-equivalence of wavelet–like systems in L1
Authors: GOGYAN SMBAT , WOJTASZCZYK P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe show that in $L_1(\R)$ the Haar wavelet basis is not equivalent to any permutation with any signs of the Strω wavelet basis. We also construct a Haar-type system in L1[0,1] which is not equivalent to any subsequence with signs of the classical Haar basis.
Spatial and temporal patterning of bank vole demography and the epidemiology of the Puumala hantavirus in northeastern France
Authors: AUGOT D. , SAUVAGE F. , BOUE F. , BOULOY M. , ARTOIS M. , DEMERSON J. M. , COMBES B. , COUDRIER D. , ZELLER H. , CLIQUET F. , PONTIER D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYEpidemiological data from bank voles,Myodes glareolus, naturally infected by the hantavirus Puumala (PUUV) were collected by a capture–mark–recapture protocol from 2000 to 2002 in the French department of Ardennes. Four monitored trapping sites were established in two forests located in two cantons (Flize and Monthermé). We captured 912 bank voles corresponding to 557 different individuals during 8820 trapping nights for an overall trapping success of 10·34%. The average PUUV seroprevalence was 22·4%. Characteristics of the system reported in North European countries are confirmed in France. PUUV seroprevalence and abundance of rodents appeared weakly linked. Adult voles were more frequently antibody-positive, but no difference between sexes was established. Anti-PUUV seropositive voles were captured and high seroprevalence was observed from both forests, without human infection reported in Flize canton during the study. One site among the four exhibited peculiar infection dynamics, where vole weight and infection risk were negatively correlated.
Absence ofMycobacterium bovisinfection in dogs and cats residing on infected cattle farms: Michigan, 2002
Authors: WILKINS M. J. , BARTLETT P. C. , BERRY D. E. , PERRY R. L. , FITZGERALD S. D. , BERNARDO T. M. , THOEN C. O. , KANEENE J. B. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA cross-sectional field study was performed to evaluate infection in dogs and cats living on farms withMycobacterium bovis-infected cattle. The purpose was to determine pet infection status and assess their risk to farm families and/or tuberculosis-free livestock. Data and specimens were collected from 18 cats and five dogs from nine participating farms. ELISA testing forM. bovisandM.aviumwas conducted. Fifty-one biological samples were cultured; all were negative forM. bovis, although otherMycobacteriumspecies were recovered. No radiographic, serological or skin test evidence of mycobacterial infection was found. These negative results may be due to the low level ofM. bovisinfection in the cattle and the limited duration of exposure of pets to infected cattle residing on the same farm. No evidence was found to indicate that pets residing onM. bovis-infected Michigan cattle farms pose a risk to humans orM. bovis-free livestock; however, precautionary advice for farm owners was provided.
Dengue virus in Mexican bats
Authors: AGUILAR-SETIÉN Á. , ROMERO-ALMARAZ M. L. , SÁNCHEZ-HERNÁNDEZ C. , FIGUEROA R. , JUÁREZ-PALMA L. P. , GARCÍA-FLORES M. M. , VÁZQUEZ-SALINAS C. , SALAS-ROJAS M. , HIDALGO-MARTÍNEZ A. C. , PIERLÉ S. AGUILAR , GARCÍA-ESTRADA C. , RAMOS C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIndividuals belonging to five families, 12 genera, and 19 different species of bats from dengue endemic areas in the Gulf and Pacific coasts of Mexico were examined by ELISA, RT–PCR, and for the presence of dengue virus (DV) NS1 protein. Nine individuals from four species were seropositive by ELISA: three insectivorous,Myotis nigricans(four positives/12 examined),Pteronotus parnellii(3/19), andNatalus stramineus(1/4), and one frugivorousArtibeus jamaicensis(1/35) (12·86% seroprevalence in positive species). DV serotype 2 was detected by RT–PCR in four samples from three species (all from the Gulf coast – rainy season): two frugivorous,A. jamaicensis(2/9), andCarollia brevicauda(1/2), and one insectivorous,M. nigricans(1/11). The latter was simultaneously positive for NS1 protein. DV RT–PCR positive animals were all antibody seronegative.M. nigricansshowed positive individuals for all three tests. This is the first evidence suggesting the presence of DV in bats from Mexico.
Vibrio cholerae and Aeromonas: do they share a mutual host?
Authors: Senderovich Yigal , Gershtein Yana , Halewa Etti , Halpern Malka 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Species of the genus Aeromonas are native inhabitants of aquatic environments and have recently been considered as an emergent human pathogen. It is estimated that aeromonads cause up to 13% of reported gastroenteritis cases in the United States. Although the autochthonous existence of Aeromonas in the aquatic environment has been established, its natural reservoir is as yet unknown. Chironomids are closely related to mosquitoes except they do not bite and they are the most widely distributed insects in freshwater. They infest drinking water systems in Israel and all over the world. Vibrio cholerae inhabit chironomids and are able to degrade their egg masses. The degradation of the egg masses is followed by failure of the eggs to hatch. In the current study, egg masses from a waste stabilization pond and a river in northern Israel were collected and cultured during a five-month period. Bacterial colonies were randomly chosen and checked for their egg mass degradation abilities. In addition to V. cholerae, most of the other isolates that had the ability to degrade the egg masses were identified as Aeromonas species, thus, demonstrating that Aeromonas species are natural inhabitants of chironomid egg masses. The following virulence-associated genes were detected in Aeromonas species that were isolated from chironomid egg masses: alt (78%); ahpB (76%); act/aerA/hlyA (65%); fla (59%); pla/lipH3/apl-1/lip (43%); and ast (2%). These findings indicate that the Aeromonas species inhabiting chironomid egg masses pose a potential health risk. Understanding the natural reservoir of Aeromonas will help to develop methods to monitor and control the bacteria in fresh and drinking water reservoirs and to better understand the relationships between chironomids, V. cholerae and Aeromonas populations.
Copying behind during Dictation
Authors: Poulton E. C. 
Published: March 2008

Simple prose was presented in groups of one, three, or six words, with silent intervals between groups. The overall rate of presentation was equated for these three conditions at about twice as fast as the subjects could print in capital letters. They were instructed to continue printing until they could not remember what came next, and then to start again at once with the next word which they heard. The same passages were presented three times. On the first presentation an error-free ear-hand span of 14 words was found. This is within the range of the extreme spans reported by Bryan and Harter, and is larger than the spans reported for other receptors and effectors. Presenting six words at a time gave only slightly larger spans than presenting fewer words more frequently. The subjects tended to give up at positions related to punctuation, presumably because they stored the material according to its syntax and meaning. The small size of the differences found between the three methods of presentation was partly attributed to this.
Stimulus Set and Response Set: The Alternation of Attention
Authors: Broadbent D. E. , Gregory Margaret 
Published: March 2008

Recently Gray and Wedderburn showed that if a meaningful phrase of three words was presented together with three digits, in such a way that each ear received some items of each of the two types of material, it was no harder to recall the items grouped by type than it was to recall them grouped by ear. This finding is repeated and confirmed in several forms, culminating in the use of three letters of the alphabet and three digits as the six items presented. It is also shown, however, that even when all material is presented to one ear, it is harder to recall a list made up of alternate items of two classes than it is to recall the same items arranged as two successive sub-lists. Thus Gray and Wedderburn's result does not appear to reveal a situation in which alternation of attention between the ears is especially easy, but rather one in which continued attention to one ear is especially difficult because it requires alternation between classes of item. A further series of experiments showed that a reduction in the presentation rate of stimuli produced a much greater improvement in performance when the items were of two alternated classes than when the classes were left separate. Equally, a slow presentation rate is more helpful when alternation between ears is required than when each ear is to be dealt with separately. These results support the idea that attention takes time to shift; but require a separate kind of attention, to a class of item rather than to a source of stimulation.
The Size-Constancy of Underwater Swimmers
Authors: Ross Helen E. 
Published: March 2008

The size-constancy of divers was measured by requiring them to adjust the distance between two disks of unequal size so that they appeared phenomenally equal. In clear water divers showed greater constancy-ratios than on land. In murky water, where visibility was reduced by suspended particles, constancy-ratios were the same as, or less than, on land. It is suggested that these effects may be due to changes in apparent distance: in clear water objects appear nearer through refraction, but in murky water they appear further away because of the distance cues provided by the visibility gradient. The orientation of the display, or of the diver's body, did not affect constancy under water, though it does on land. It is argued that the effect on land is due to visual and proprioceptive cues which are absent in the water.
Inferior Clinical Outcome of the CD4+ Cell Count–Guided Antiretroviral Treatment Interruption Strategy in the SMART Study: Role of CD4+ Cell Counts and HIV RNA Levels during Follow-up
Authors:   The Strategies for Management of Antiretroviral Therapy (SMART) Study Group
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Background and methodsThe SMART study compared 2 strategies for using antiretroviral therapy—drug conservation (DC) and viral suppression (VS)—in 5472 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients with CD4+ cell counts &gt;350 cells/μL. Rates and predictors of opportunistic disease or death (OD/death) and the relative risk (RR) in DC versus VS groups according to the latest CD4+ cell count and HIV RNA level are reported
ResultsDuring a mean of 16 months of follow-up, DC patients spent more time with a latest CD4+ cell count &lt;350 cells/μL (for DC vs. VS, 31% vs. 8%) and with a latest HIV RNA level &gt;400 copies/mL (71% vs. 28%) and had a higher rate of OD/death (3.4 vs. 1.3/100 person-years) than VS patients. For periods of follow-up with a CD4+ cell count &lt;350 cells/μL, rates of OD/death were increased but similar in the 2 groups (5.7 vs. 4.6/100 person-years), whereas the rates were higher in DC versus VS patients (2.3 vs. 1.0/100 person-years; RR, 2.3 [95% confidence interval, 1.5–3.4]) for periods with the latest CD4+ cell count ⩾350 cells/μL—an increase explained by the higher HIV RNA levels in the DC group
ConclusionsThe higher risk of OD/death in DC patients was associated with (1) spending more follow-up time with relative immunodeficiency and (2) living longer with uncontrolled HIV replication even at higher CD4+ cell counts. Ongoing HIV replication at a given CD4+ cell count places patients at an excess risk of OD/death
Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00027352
On Krein’s example
Authors: Kostrykin Vadim , Makarov Konstantin 
Published: March 2008

In his 1953 paper [Matem. Sbornik 33 (1953), 597–626] Mark Krein presented an example of a symmetric rank one perturbation of a self-adjoint operator such that for all values of the spectral parameter in the interior of the spectrum, the difference of the corresponding spectral projections is not trace class. In the present note it is shown that in the case in question this difference has simple Lebesgue spectrum filling in the interval

[
−
1
,
1
]

[-1,1]

and, therefore, the pair of the spectral projections is generic in the sense of Halmos but not Fredholm.
Radial limits of inner functions and Bloch spaces
Authors: Doubtsov Evgueni 
Published: March 2008

Let

f
f

be an inner function in the unit ball

B
n

⊂

C

n

B_n \subset \mathbb {C}^n

,

n
≥
1

n\ge 1

. Assume that
\[

sup

z
∈

B
n

|

R

f
(
z
)

|

(
1
−

|

z

|

2

)

1
+
β

(
1
−

|

f
(
z
)

|

2

)

2

>
∞
,

\sup _{z\in B_n} \frac {|\mathcal {R} f(z)|(1-|z|^2)^{1+\beta }}{\left (1-|f(z)|^2 \right )^2} > \infty ,

\]
where

β
∈
(
0
,
1
)

\beta \in (0,1)

and

R

f

\mathcal {R} f

is the radial derivative. Then, for all

α
∈
∂

B
1

\alpha \in \partial B_1

, the set

{
ζ
∈
∂

B
n

:

f
∗

(
ζ
)
=
α
}

\{\zeta \in \partial B_n:\, f^*(\zeta ) =\alpha \}

has a non-zero real Hausdorff

t

2
n
−
1
−
β

t^{2n-1-\beta }

-content, and it has a non-zero complex Hausdorff

t

n
−
β

t^{n-\beta }

-content.
Distribution of Farey fractions in residue classes and Lang–Trotter conjectures on average
Authors: Cojocaru Alina , Shparlinski Igor 
Published: March 2008

We prove that the set of Farey fractions of order

T
T

, that is, the set

{
α

/

β
∈

Q

:

gcd
⁡
(
α
,
β
)
=
1
,

1
≤
α
,
β
≤
T
}

\{\alpha /\beta \in \mathbb {Q}\ : \ \operatorname {gcd}(\alpha , \beta ) = 1, \ 1 \le \alpha , \beta \le T\}

, is uniformly distributed in residue classes modulo a prime

p
p

provided

T
≥

p

1

/

2
+
ε

T \ge p^{1/2 +\varepsilon }

for any fixed

ε
>
0

\varepsilon >0

. We apply this to obtain upper bounds for the Lang–Trotter conjectures on Frobenius traces and Frobenius fields “on average” over a one-parametric family of elliptic curves.
Predicting proteolytic sites in extracellular proteins: only halfway there
Authors: Kliger Yossef , Gofer Eyal , Wool Assaf , Toporik Amir , Apatoff Avihay , Olshansky Moshe 
Published: March 2008

Abstract
Motivation: Many secretory proteins are synthesized as inactive precursors that must undergo post-translational proteolysis in order to mature and become active. In the current study, we address the challenge of sequence-based discovery of proteolytic sites in secreted proteins using machine learning.
Results: The results revealed that only half of the extracellular proteolytic sites are currently annotated, leaving over 3600 unannotated ones. Furthermore, we have found that only 6% of the unannotated sites are similar to known proteolytic sites, whereas the remaining 94% do not share significant similarity with any annotated proteolytic site. The computational challenges in these two cases are very different. While the precision in detecting the former group is close to perfect, only a mere 22% of the latter group were detected with a precision of 80%. The applicability of the classifier is demonstrated through members of the FGF family, in which we verified the conservation of physiologically-relevant proteolytic sites in homologous proteins.
Contact: kliger@compugen.co.il; yossef.kliger@gmail.com
Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Biology of the skates Bathyraja brachyurops and B. griseocauda in waters around the Falkland Islands, Southwest Atlantic
Authors: Arkhipkin Alexander I. , Baumgartner Nina , Brickle Paul , Laptikhovsky Vladimir V. , Pompert Joost H. W. , Shcherbich Zhanna N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractArkhipkin, A. I., Baumgartner, N., Brickle, P., Laptikhovsky, V. V., Pompert, J. H. W., and Shcherbich, Z. N. 2008. Biology of the skates Bathyraja brachyurops and B. griseocauda in waters around the Falkland Islands, Southwest Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 560–570. The distributions and length compositions of two large, abundant skates, broadnose skate Bathyraja brachyurops and grey-tail skate B. griseocauda, were studied using an extensive dataset (∼48 000 skates) collected from the commercial fishery and research cruises on the southeastern Patagonian Shelf around the Falkland Islands between 1992 and 2006. Bathyraja brachyurops mostly inhabit the shelf at depths shallower than 250 m, whereas B. griseocauda are found deeper (>250 m), off the shelf break and slope. Small individuals of both species are most segregated spatially. Growth increments on caudal thorns and vertebral centra revealed that B. brachyurops grow slower and have a shorter lifespan, attaining a maximum total length of 125 cm at 20 years, compared with B. griseocauda (∼150 cm at 28 years). Maturity is attained at 8–10 years for male and female B. brachyurops, and at 15 and 17 years for B. griseocauda, respectively. Spawning takes place on spatially segregated spawning grounds, B. brachyurops reproducing above the shelf break, and B. griseocauda just below the shelf break throughout the year, with a smaller proportion of females of both species laying eggs in winter.