bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Differentially expressed genes in embryonic cardiac tissues of mice lacking Folr1gene activity
Authors: Zhu Huiping , Cabrera Robert M , Wlodarczyk Bogdan J , Bozinov Daniel , Wang Deli , Schwartz Robert J , Finnell Richard H 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Background
Heart anomalies are the most frequently observed among all human congenital defects. As with the situation for neural tube defects (NTDs), it has been demonstrated that women who use multivitamins containing folic acid peri-conceptionally have a reduced risk for delivering offspring with conotruncal heart defects [1–3]. Cellular folate transport is mediated by a receptor or binding protein and by an anionic transporter protein system. Defective function of the Folr1 (also known as Folbp1; homologue of human FRα) gene in mice results in inadequate transport, accumulation, or metabolism of folate during cardiovascular morphogenesis.

Results
We have observed cardiovascular abnormalities including outflow tract and aortic arch arterial defects in genetically compromised Folr1 knockout mice. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the failure to complete development of outflow tract and aortic arch arteries in the Folr1 knockout mouse model, we examined tissue-specific gene expression difference between Folr1 nullizygous embryos and morphologically normal heterozygous embryos during early cardiac development (14-somite stage), heart tube looping (28-somite stage), and outflow track septation (38-somite stage). Microarray analysis was performed as a primary screening, followed by investigation using quantitative real-time PCR assays. Gene ontology analysis highlighted the following ontology groups: cell migration, cell motility and localization of cells, structural constituent of cytoskeleton, cell-cell adhesion, oxidoreductase, protein folding and mRNA processing. This study provided preliminary data and suggested potential candidate genes for further description and investigation.

Conclusion
The results suggested that Folr1 gene ablation and abnormal folate homeostasis altered gene expression in developing heart and conotruncal tissues. These changes affected normal cytoskeleton structures, cell migration and motility as well as cellular redox status, which may contribute to cardiovascular abnormalities in mouse embryos lacking Folr1 gene activity.
A novel subgroup Q5 of human Y-chromosomal haplogroup Q in India
Authors: Sharma Swarkar , Rai Ekta , Bhat Audesh K , Bhanwer Amarjit S , Bamezai Rameshwar NK 
Published: November 2007

Abstract

Background
Y-chromosomal haplogroup (Y-HG) Q is suggested to originate in Asia and represent recent founder paternal Native American radiation into the Americas. This group is delineated into Q1, Q2 and Q3 subgroups defined by biallelic markers M120, M25/M143 and M3, respectively. Recently, a novel subgroup Q4 has been identified which is defined by bi-allelic marker M346, representing HG Q (0.41%, 3/728) in Indian population. With scanty details of HG Q in Asia, especially India, it was pertinent to explore the status of the Y-HG Q in Indian population to gather an insight to determine the extent of diversity within this region.

Results
We observed 15/630 (2.38%) Y-HG Q individuals in India with an ancestral state at M120, M25, M3 and M346 markers, indicating an absence of already known Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4 sub-haplogroups. Interestingly, we further observed a novel 4 bp deletion/insertion polymorphism (ss4 bp, rs41352448) at 72,314 position of human arylsulfatase D pseudogene, defining a novel sub-lineage Q5 (in 5/15 individuals, i.e., 33.3 % of the observed Y-HG Q) with distributions independent of the social, cultural, linguistic and geographical affiliations in India.

Conclusion
The study adds another sublineage Q5 in the already existing arrangement of Y-HG Q in literature. It was quite interesting to observe an ancestral state Q* and a novel sub-branch Q5, not reported elsewhere, in Indian subcontinent, though in low frequency. A novel subgroup Q4 was identified recently which is also restricted to Indian subcontinent. The most plausible explanation for these observations could be an ancestral migration of individuals bearing ancestral lineage Q* to Indian subcontinent followed by an autochthonous differentiation to Q4 and Q5 sublineages later on. However, other explanations of, either the presence of both the sub haplogroups (Q4 and Q5) in ancestral migrants or recent migrations from central Asia, cannot be ruled out till the distribution and diversity of these subgroups is explored extensively in Central Asia and other regions.
Parathyroid adenoma apoplexy as a temporary solution of primary hyperparathyroidism: a case report
Authors: Pereira Francisco A , Brandão Daniel F , Elias Jorge , Paula Francisco JA 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIntroductionThe natural history of patients with spontaneous parathyroid necrosis is unknown. In this case report we describe the clinical course, laboratory, radiographic, bone densitometry tests, parathyroid ultrasonography and scintigraphy examinations of a patient performed over a period of eight years after she first presented with a sudden episode of spontaneous resolution of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Case presentationA 24-year-old woman with a clinical history and laboratory and radiographic tests compatible with PHPT suffered a sudden episode of cervical pain and presented with clinical evidence of hypocalcemia. Biopsy of a cervical nodule revealed necrotic material compatible with ischemia of the parathyroid. The follow-up of the patient presented four distinct phases: the first, which lasted two years, was compatible with a period of bone hunger during which it was necessary to introduce calcitriol and calcium carbonate. During this period, the patient showed bone mass gain. The second phase was characterized by normalization of calcium and parathyroid hormone levels and its end was difficult to define. During the third phase there was a recurrence of hypercalcemia associated with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and loss of bone mass. The last phase corresponded to the interval after parathyroidectomy, which was characterized by normalization of serum levels of calcium and PTH, as well as bone mass gain.ConclusionThis case report indicates that spontaneous resolution of PHPT by adenoma necrosis is potentially temporary. Thus, in cases in which a conservative approach is chosen, clinical and laboratory follow-up is indispensable. Bone mass measurement is a useful tool in the follow-up of these cases. However, this option exposes the patient to a potential roller-coaster ride of bone mass gain and loss, whose long term consequences are still unknown.
Equations of motion for singular systems of massed and massless bodies
Authors: Zhechev M M 
Published: November 2007

In many cases, mechanical systems include elements that differ greatly in inertia characteristics. It seems to be quite natural for a researcher who has to deal with such a system to have the desire to neglect its comparatively small inertia characteristics by putting them equal to zero. On such a simplification, the researcher has to do with a mechanical system that, along with ‘massed’ bodies (all inertia characteristics of which are distinct from zero), also includes ‘massless’ bodies (some inertia characteristics of which are zero). An important feature of systems of massed and massless bodies is that they may turn out to be singular. The analysis of systems of this type, in comparison with regular ones, involves some additional problems, whose solution, despite currently available methods of study of singular and singularly perturbed equations, may present a considerable challenge. In the current paper, the notion of the ‘rank of a system of massed and massless bodies’ is introduced, and an approach to the solution of the above problems based on this notion is proposed. This approach makes it possible to write generalized Lagrange equations for singular mechanical systems, to identify conditions for going from singularly perturbed equations of motion to singular ones to be correct, to identify conditions for the unique existence of the solution of the resulting singular equations of motion and to write them in normal form.
Identification of equivalent modal damping for a wind turbine at standstill using Fourier and wavelet analysis
Authors: Murtagh P J , Basu B 
Published: November 2007

The current paper presents approaches to evaluate the equivalent modal viscous damping ratios for a wind turbine tower, using Fourier and wavelet analysis based linear regression. In the Fourier analysis, the estimated damping ratios are constant, but in the wavelet analysis, temporally varying damping ratios using a time-segmented least squares approach can be identified. The estimation of time varying damping is important in assessing the risk of negative aeroelastic damping in wind turbines. In absence of experimental data, the proposed approaches have been illustrated on numerically simulated response obtained from a simple wind turbine model. The model used for generating the response time history data for the wind turbine tower is composed of a flexible tower and rotor blade system, inter-connected using a substructuring technique, which facilitates the blade/tower coupling. A model order reduction technique is first used to model each of the two substructures (tower/nacelle and rotor system) as single-degree-of-freedom systems (DOF), allowing both systems to be later coupled together to form an equivalent two-DOF coupled tower/blade wind turbine tower model with equivalent viscous damping. A wind-induced forced vibration analysis of the coupled system is then carried out using artificially generated wind drag time histories. Two identification procedures based on (a) Fourier and (b) wavelet analysis, and linear regression, are used to solve the inverse problem for evaluating the first- and second-equivalent modal damping ratios of the coupled system. For the numerical example presented in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approaches, good agreement was observed between the originally specified modal damping ratios and the subsequently estimated values. The estimation of damping using wavelet analysis techniques can be applied to situations where damping may vary with time. The proposed approaches can be used without any limitation on response data obtained for more complex models of turbines and loadings or on experimentally measured data from wind turbines.
Effects of Thermal History on Thermal Anomaly in Solid of Ionic Liquid Compound, [C4mim][Tf2N]
Authors: Shimizu Yoshitaka , Ohte Yoko , Yamamura Yasuhisa , Saito Kazuya 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Heat capacity of [C4mim][Tf2N] (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) was measured by adiabatic calorimetry. Broad heat capacity anomaly and change in spontaneous endothermic effect were observed for crystal phase. The relation between these anomalies and thermal history after crystallization is described.
Structural Tuning of the Imido Bonds in (Arylimido)vanadium(V) Compounds
Authors: Moriuchi Toshiyuki , Ishino Kenta , Hirao Toshikazu 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
Structural characterization of (arylimido)vanadium(V) compounds was demonstrated to elucidate the ligand effect on the nature of the imido bonds. In the case of the triisopropoxide ligand, the nitrogen of the imido bond is suggested to possess an sp-hybridized character although the participation of an sp2-hybridized character is indicated with the imido nitrogen derived from the triethanolaminate ligand.
Provably Near-Optimal Sampling-Based Policies for Stochastic Inventory Control Models
Authors: Levi Retsef , Roundy Robin O. , Shmoys David B. 
Published: November 2007

In this paper, we consider two fundamental inventory models, the single-period newsvendor problem and its multiperiod extension, but under the assumption that the explicit demand distributions are not known and that the only information available is a set of independent samples drawn from the true distributions. Under the assumption that the demand distributions are given explicitly, these models are well studied and relatively straightforward to solve. However, in most real-life scenarios, the true demand distributions are not available, or they are too complex to work with. Thus, a sampling-driven algorithmic framework is very attractive, both in practice and in theory. We shall describe how to compute sampling-based policies, that is, policies that are computed based only on observed samples of the demands without any access to, or assumptions on, the true demand distributions. Moreover, we establish bounds on the number of samples required to guarantee that, with high probability, the expected cost of the sampling-based policies is arbitrarily close (i.e., with arbitrarily small relative error) compared to the expected cost of the optimal policies, which have full access to the demand distributions. The bounds that we develop are general, easy to compute, and do not depend at all on the specific demand distributions.
To Wait or Not to Wait? The Bicriteria Delay Management Problem in Public Transportation
Authors: Ginkel Andreas , Schöbel Anita 
Published: November 2007

Assume that a train reaches a station with delay. At the station there is a bus ready to depart. The question of whether the bus should wait for the delayed train or depart on time is called the delay management problem. Different single objective functions for this problem have been introduced and analyzed. In this paper, we present a bicriteria model for the delay management problem, taking into account both the delay of the vehicles and the number of passengers who miss a connection. Our model does not depend on detailed data about the passengers and hence can be easily implemented in practice. To analyze the problem, we present an integer programming formulation and a graph-theoretic approach that is based on discrete time/cost trade-off project networks. Using results of project planning, we develop an efficient solution method. We tested our procedure using real-world data. The results show the applicability of the approach.
Mechanochemical Additive-Assisted Reconditioning Effects and Mechanism on Worn Ferrous Surfaces
Authors: Yuansheng Jin , He Yang , Shenghua Li 
Published: November 2007

Abstract
An additive package of reconditioning functionality for worn ferrous surfaces has been designed in light of the mechanochemical reaction principle. The package is formulated from a fine-powdery multicomponent mixture of Serpentine minerals, surfactants, and catalysts. The main reconditioning component in the package is magnesium silicate hydroxide (Mg6(Si4O10)(OH)8), with the surfactants for dispersing the main component into bulk lubricant and the catalysts for facilitating interfacial mechanochemical reactions, particularly oil pyrolysis and carbonization. With commercial fully-formulated engine oils as benchmark, the reconditioning effects of the reconditioner package have been demonstrated in both laboratory tribotestings and in real-world heavy-duty (locomotive diesel engine) scenarios. Surface examination of sampled worn surfaces on both laboratory test specimens and cylinder bore of locomotive diesel engine has shown that a nano-crystalline layer has been generated which possesses nanometric roughness, higher surface hardness, and proper H/E ratio. Advanced analyses have indicated that the layer is composed of Fe3O4 and FeOOH nanoparticles which are dispersed on the Fe-C matrix. The smoother surface mitigates asperity interlocking which would otherwise induce high friction; the high surface hardness and appropriate H/E ratio result in less elastic deformation within nanocrystalline contact regions, which effectively lessens friction and wear arisen from plastic plowing and adhesion. Further characterization of sampled worn cylinder bore surface and analysis of used oils have suggested that generation of the nanocrystalline layer in presence of Mg6(Si4O10)(OH)8 involves three interwoven processes: oxidative mechanical polishing, lubricant carbonization and graphitization, and mechanical alloying.
Delayed Diagnosis of Kawasaki Disease: What Are the Risk Factors?
Authors: Minich L. LuAnn , Sleeper Lynn A. , Atz Andrew M. , McCrindle Brian W. , Lu Minmin , Colan Steven D. , Printz Beth F. , Klein Gloria L. , Sundel Robert P. , Takahashi Masato , Li Jennifer S. , Vetter Victoria L. , Newburger Jane W. ,   for the Pediatric Heart Network Investigators
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE. Because late diagnosis of Kawasaki disease increases the risk for coronary artery abnormalities, we explored the prevalence of and possible risk factors for delayed diagnosis by using the database of the Pediatric Heart Network trial of corticosteroid treatment for Kawasaki disease.
METHODS. We collected sociodemographic and clinical data at presentation for all patients who were treated for presumed Kawasaki disease at 8 centers (7 in the United States, 1 in Canada). Delayed diagnosis was evaluated by total number of illness days to diagnosis and by the percentage of patients who were treated after day 10 of illness. Independent predictors of delayed diagnosis were identified by using multivariate linear and logistic regression.
RESULTS. Of the 589 patients who received intravenous immunoglobulin, 27 were treated before screening for the trial and excluded; 562 patients formed the cohort for analysis. Kawasaki disease was diagnosed at 7.9 ± 3.9 days, 92 (16%) cases after day 10. Centers were similar with respect to patient age and gender. Centers differed in the patient percentage with incomplete Kawasaki disease; clinical criteria of cervical adenopathy, oral changes, and conjunctivitis; and distance of residence from the center. Independent predictors of greater number of illness days at diagnosis included center, age of &lt;6 months, incomplete Kawasaki disease, and greater distance from the center. Independent predictors of diagnosis after day 10 were age of &lt;6 months, incomplete Kawasaki disease, and greater distance). Socioeconomic variables had no association with delayed diagnosis.
CONCLUSIONS. Even after adjustment for patient factors, illness duration at diagnosis varies by center. These findings underscore the need to maintain a high index of suspicion of Kawasaki disease in the infant who is younger than 6 months and has prolonged fever even with incomplete criteria. Outreach educational programs may be useful in promoting earlier recognition and treatment of Kawasaki disease.
Vascular Peptide Endothelin-1 Links Fat Accumulation With Alterations of Visceral Adipocyte Lipolysis
Authors: van Harmelen Vanessa , Eriksson Anna , Åström Gaby , Wåhlén Kerstin , Näslund Erik , Karpe Fredrik , Frayn Keith , Olsson Tommy , Andersson Jonas , Rydén Mikel , Arner Peter 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE— Visceral obesity increases risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This may partly be due to a region-specific resistance to insulin's antilipolytic effect in visceral adipocytes. We investigated whether adipose tissue releases the vascular peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) and whether ET-1 could account for regional differences in lipolysis.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— One group consisted of eleven obese and eleven nonobese subjects in whom ET-1 levels were compared between abdominal subcutaneous and arterialized blood samples. A second group included subjects undergoing anti-obesity surgery. Abdominal subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissues were obtained to study the effect of ET-1 on differentiated adipocytes regarding lipolysis and gene and protein expression.
RESULTS— Adipose tissue had a marked net release of ET-1 in vivo, which was 2.5-fold increased in obesity. In adipocytes treated with ET-1, the antilipolytic effect of insulin was attenuated in visceral but not in subcutaneous adipocytes, which could not be explained by effects of ET-1 on adipocyte differentiation. ET-1 decreased the expression of insulin receptor, insulin receptor substrate-1 and phosphodiesterase-3B and increased the expression of endothelin receptor-B (ETBR) in visceral but not in subcutaneous adipocytes. These effects were mediated via ETBR with signals through protein kinase C and calmodulin pathways. The effect of ET-1 could be mimicked by knockdown of IRS-1.
CONCLUSIONS— ET-1 is released from human adipose tissue and links fat accumulation to insulin resistance. It selectively counteracts insulin inhibition of visceral adipocyte lipolysis via ETBR signaling pathways, which affect multiple steps in insulin signaling.
Mas Deficiency in FVB/N Mice Produces Marked Changes in Lipid and Glycemic Metabolism
Authors: Santos Sérgio Henrique S. , Fernandes Luciana Rodrigues , Mario Érica Guilhen , Ferreira Adaliene Versiani M. , Pôrto Laura Cristina J. , Alvarez-Leite Jaqueline Isaura , Botion Leida Maria , Bader Michael , Alenina Natalia , Santos Robson Augusto S. 
Published: November 2007

OBJECTIVE— Metabolic syndrome is characterized by the variable coexistence of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. It is well known that angiotensin (Ang) II is importantly involved in the metabolic syndrome. However, the role of the vasodilator Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis is not known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic deletion of the G protein–coupled receptor, Mas, in the lipidic and glycemic metabolism in FVB/N mice.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Plasma lipid, insulin, and cytokine concentrations were measured in FVB/N Mas-deficient and wild-type mice. A glucose tolerance test was performed by intraperitoneally injecting d-glucose into overnight-fasted mice. An insulin sensitivity test was performed by intraperitoneal injection of insulin. Uptake of 2-deoxy-[3H]glucose by adipocytes was used to determine the rate of glucose transport; adipose tissue GLUT4 was quantified by Western blot. Gene expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, type 1 Ang II receptor, and angiotensinogen (AGT) were measured by real-time PCR.
RESULTS— Despite normal body weight, Mas-knockout (Mas-KO) mice presented dyslipidemia, increased levels of insulin and leptin, and an ∼50% increase in abdominal fat mass. In addition, Mas gene–deleted mice presented glucose intolerance and reduced insulin sensitivity as well as a decrease in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by adipocytes and decreased GLUT4 in adipose tissue. Mas−/− presented increased muscle triglycerides, while liver triglyceride levels were normal. Expression of TGF-β and AGT genes was higher in Mas-KO animals in comparison with controls.
CONCLUSIONS— These results show that Mas deficiency in FVB/N mice leads to dramatic changes in glucose and lipid metabolisms, inducing a metabolic syndrome–like state.