bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Writing Alone Can Be Lonely: An Introduction to Coauthoring
Authors: Zaragoza Nina , Voigt Robert , Zaragoza Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNina Zaragoza (and her co‐authors) describes the power of co‐authoring as an approach to developing writing. Much of what she says is expressed through the voice of a child as he gets involved in co‐authoring in his classroom. This gives an authentic feel to this description and offers powerful insights into the instructional and social environment of the classroom.
Newspapers in Education and Children's Writing
Authors: Wray David , Medwell Jane 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEmphasis upon authenticity in children's writing leads us to consider the possibilities in engaging children in producing authentic texts such as newspapers. In this article David Wray and Jane Medwell discuss their research into the effects of three approaches to this newspaper production, one of which involved the collaboration of a teacher with a worker from the Newspapers in Education scheme. The very positive outcomes of this partnership are stressed.
Genres and Learning to Read
Authors: Kirk Lynne , Pearson Henry 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe issue of text genre has begun to loom larger in thinking about literacy development, especially with the foregrounding of range in the latest National Curriculum orders for English. Lynne Kirk and Henry Pearson describe their investigation into the effects of text genre upon children's reading and conclude that, although story is the most immediately attractive genre, no one genre has all the qualities for helping children to learn to read.
The Fifteen Minutes a Day Individual Reading Programme
Authors: Grant Kate 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn these days of rising class sizes, many teachers are making use of assistants and parent volunteers in their classes to lighten the teaching load. Kate Grant reports here on her evaluation of a scheme to train such volunteers and assistants to work with children on a more structured basis. The success she reports should encourage schools to develop similar approaches which seem to enhance children's experiences rather than threaten teacher professionalism.
Teachers’Choice of Storybooks: What Messages do Children Hear?
Authors: Kirby Phillip 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn important dimension to the teaching of literacy must be the quality of the texts provided for children to read. The features of reading texts in schools have only recently become the object of sustained inquiry but it appears there are some interesting issues in the different perceptions children and teachers may have of these texts. Phil Kirby explores some of these issues in this article and provides excellent evidence that choice of story books is not the simple issue it might appear.
Reading: A Pastime of the Past?
Authors: Robertson Chris , Morris Debbie , Nuttall Carole 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt is somewhat of a truism to say that reading is not what it used to be. ‘Texts’for reading now include many other media than simply print on pages and this fact has occasioned some concern among those who fear that reading television or computer‐based texts may reduce or impoverish children's overall reading experience. Chris Robertson and her students have been investigating these issues through interviews with children and have found that reading and technology are not actually in conflict but can be mutually supportive. This article suggests that teachers need to think more creatively about how to use alternative texts in developing children's reading.
Literature Circles: Reducing Reading Stress
Authors: Keefe Charlotte Hendrick 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe concept of literature circles is now familiar in American and Australian literature about reading, but it does not as yet have great currency in this country. This article by Charlotte Keefe may do much to change this as it very lucidly explains the benefits of and teaching strategies underlying the use of literature circles. As Charlotte points out, they may do much to alleviate those of children's problems with reading which stem from not seeing the point and deriving little pleasure from the experience.
Policy Documents: On the Wall or in the Waste Bin?
Authors: Keating Iris , Roberts Ivy , Robertson Chris , Shenton Lesley 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has always been quite fashionable to have a disparaging view about school policy documents and many teachers will have had experiences of being given such documents with great flourish and then never opening them again. Yet, as Iris Keating and her colleagues point out, policy documents could be extremely helpful to teachers as guides to appropriate classroom action and ensurers of a continuity of approach. They clearly need further study as objects in their own right.
Developing the Social Economy in Ireland?
Authors: TEAGUE PAUL 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter examining the arguments in favour of social economy activities, this article argues that recent initiatives in this area in the Republic of Ireland have not reached maximum potential. Three factors are regarded as holding back performance. One is that the necessary institutional conditions to promote the social economy have not been established. Another is that many initiatives are overburdened with unrealistic objectives, which have given rise to what is termed social economy failures. Finally, many of the community‐based employment initiatives designed to improve labour market access for disadvantaged individuals have not been ambitious enough. Government and civic associations are identified as the main culprits for the underperforming social economy. The conclusion suggests that fresh thinking and new approaches are required on the topic.
Working the Socio‐Natural Relations of the Urban Waterscape in South Africa
Authors: LOFTUS ALEX 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this article I seek to bring together recent work on ‘the production of nature’ with feminist standpoint theories. I do this in order to explore some of the potentials for democratic change in the South African city of Durban. In spite of the shared methodological assumptions of the two bodies of work, there has been little effort to develop a dialogue. In initiating this, I begin by outlining some of the theoretical foundations underlying the two theories. Then I go on to suggest some of the ways in which a relational approach to urban environments sheds light upon the politics of water service provision in Durban. From this, I suggest that a feminist standpoint approach might open up different possibilities for democratic change. However, I argue that this should begin not from a romantic view of some untainted or non‐reified consciousness of the socio‐natural but rather from the situated knowledges that emerge from the struggle to survive in a world defined by both capitalist and non‐capitalist social relationships.
The Vulnerability and sexual abuse of people with learning disabilities
Authors: Peckham Nicholas Guy 
Published: February 2007

Accessible summary

People with learning disabilities are more likely to experience sexual things happening to them when they do not want them to. This is called sexual abuse.
A group was started to help some women who have been sexually abused.
Women who wanted to attend the group were given information about it and asked on three separate occasions if they wanted to attend. Their carers helped them and went to a different group upstairs in the same building.
We found that the group helped the women feel less scared and depressed and helped the women's carers understand them better.
This research matters because it helped the women move on with their lives and will help others who want to start a group.

SummaryIn his capacity as a Clinical Psychologist the author provides psychological support to people with learning disabilities living in hospital and in the community. Frequently, the problem behaviour highlighted in referral letters (such as sexualized behaviour, anger management or self‐harm) is formulated as relating to a past history of abuse and neglect which they had experienced. In view of increasing client referrals and a limited research literature the author established a small team, developed and then piloted a survivors’ group for women with a learning disability. The pilot achieved ethical approval and the survivors’ group ran concurrently with an educational support group for their carers. For more details about this pilot study see Peckham (2005)Developing, delivering and evaluating a survivors group pilot in Northumberland for women with significant learning disabilities who have been sexually abused. Unpublished DClinPsych Thesis, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne; and Peckham et al. (2007). These articles summarize the research literature in the area of sexual abuse and describe, in detail, the problem of delivering and evaluating a survivors' group for women with learning disabilities.
Variation in mammalian proximal femoral development: comparative analysis of two distinct ossification patterns
Authors: Serrat Maria A. , Reno Philip L. , McCollum Melanie A. , Meindl Richard S. , Lovejoy C. Owen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe developmental anatomy of the proximal femur is complex. In some mammals, including humans, the femoral head and greater trochanter emerge as separate ossification centres within a common chondroepiphysis and remain separate throughout ontogeny. In other species, these secondary centres coalesce within the chondroepiphysis to form a single osseous epiphysis much like the proximal humerus. These differences in femoral ontogeny have not been previously addressed, yet are critical to an understanding of femoral mineralization and architecture across a wide range of mammals and may have key implications for understanding and treating hip abnormalities in humans. We evaluated femora from 70 mammalian species and categorized each according to the presence of a ‘separate’ or ‘coalesced’ proximal epiphysis based on visual assessment. We found that ossification type varies widely among mammals: taxa in the ‘coalesced’ group include marsupials, artiodactyls, perissodactyls, bats, carnivores and several primates, while the ‘separate’ group includes hominoids, many rodents, tree shrews and several marine species. There was no clear relationship to body size, phylogeny or locomotion, but qualitative and quantitative differences between the groups suggest that ossification type may be primarily an artefact of femoral shape and neck length. As some osseous abnormalities of the human hip appear to mimic the normal morphology of species with coalesced epiphyses, these results may provide insight into the aetiology and treatment of human hip disorders such as femoroacetabular impingement and early‐onset osteoarthritis.
Healthier futures: primary care nurses’ food knowledge and patient advice
Authors: Lyon Phil , Alho Eija‐Riitta , Hillman Marjatta , Colquhoun Anne 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn Finland there are valid questions being asked about the sustainability of the current provision in state healthcare systems. Structurally, lower birth rates and greater longevity mean that populations age and present the challenge of chronic illness management in later life for a larger proportion of the population. Culturally, some 50 years after the introduction of a state healthcare system, ageing populations will have greater expectations of service quality than their predecessors. Paradoxically, they will also have a greater engagement with lifestyles which themselves will bring new challenges to long‐term health status. There is no single solution to the complex problem of service sustainability but undoubtedly health education provides some potential to limit future demands. Diet‐related illness and incapacity are specific health challenges for the coming decades but the problems can be substantially reduced by changing current behaviour. To make such changes possible, knowledge needs to be communicated effectively in terms of simplicity, accuracy and with appropriate timing. Health education can make a major contribution to service sustainability. This paper reports a study of primary care nurses (n = 50) in the Tampere area and examines their capacity to provide healthy eating advice. In this sample, nurses often demonstrated good levels of nutritional knowledge on which to base patient advice, but there was considerable variation. Arguably, focused in‐service training would provide updating on theory and practice for more consistent advice and better prospects for behavioural change.
Cross‐cultural evaluation of factors driving intention to purchase new food products – Beijing, China and south‐east England
Authors: Eves Anita , Cheng Li 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been reported that consumers in different countries have distinctive perceptions of, and attitudes to, products. This study investigated consumers’ thoughts on new food products in south‐east England (n = 222) and Beijing, China (n = 139), using a questionnaire‐based largely on the Theory of Reasoned Action. Results indicated that consumers in both countries believe it is necessary for the food industry in their respective countries to introduce new food products and they would like to try new products. There appears to be great interest in new products among the Beijing Chinese, with most interest in new healthy food products. The influences on choices suggest that a marketing focus on quality, utility and health benefits would be most fruitful, as personal beliefs were more important in intention to purchase than the influence of other people. Results point away from the expected result that the Chinese, as a collectivist culture, would place more emphasis on others’ opinions than their own beliefs. This may be linked to food not being an item of conspicuous consumption, or to a cultural shift among urban Chinese.
Competent consumers? Consumer competence profiles in Norway
Authors: Berg Lisbet 
Published: February 2007

AbstractConsumer competence is increasingly important in today’s commercialized society. This paper refers to some main findings from a national representative survey on consumer competences and practices in Norway. To be a competent consumer, it is decisive to be informed about products and to be familiar with how markets function. In this paper, consumers’ self‐reported efforts to keep themselves informed about specific markets is treated as an indicator of consumer competence. First, the results indicate that Norwegian consumers’ competence, according to their own judgement, is rather mediocre. Second, different groups of consumers seem to have different consumer competence profiles. Accordingly, we find that some consumers are price‐conscious in their daily purchases, others are price‐conscious when they make their yearly dispositions in the financial markets, while a third group is community‐oriented and active in the environmentally friendly and ethical product markets. Third, the analysis indicates that consumer competence is an important indicator of how market‐rational and reflective consumers’ choices and practices are.
Temporal change in gene expression in the rat dentate gyrus following passive avoidance learning
Authors: O’Sullivan Niamh C. , McGettigan Paul A. , Sheridan Graham K. , Pickering Mark , Conboy Lisa , O’Connor John J. , Moynagh Paul N. , Higgins Desmond G. , Regan Ciaran M. , Murphy Keith J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA learning event initiates a cascade of altered gene expression leading to synaptic remodelling within the hippocampal dentate gyrus, a structure vital to memory formation. To illuminate this transcriptional program of synaptic plasticity we used microarrays to quantify mRNA from the rat dentate gyrus at increasing times following passive avoidance learning. Approximately, 500 known genes were transcriptionally regulated across the 24 h post‐training period. The 0–2 h period saw up‐regulation of genes involved in transcription while genes with a role in synaptic/cytoskeletal structure increased 0–6 h, consistent with structural rearrangements known to occur at these times. The most striking feature was the profound down‐regulation, across all functional groups, 12 h post‐training. Bioinformatics analysis identified the likely transcription factors controlling gene expression in each post‐training period. The role of NFκB, implicated in the early post‐training period was subsequently confirmed with activation and nuclear translocation seen in dentate granule neurons following training. mRNA changes for four genes, LRP3 (0 h), alpha actin (3 h), SNAP25 and NSF (6–12 h), were validated at message and/or protein level and shown to be learning specific. Thus, the memory‐associated transcriptional cascade supports the cardinal periods of synaptic loosening, reorganisation and selection thought to underpin the process of long‐term memory consolidation in the hippocampus.
Temporal and mechanistic dissociation of ATP and adenosine release during ischaemia in the mammalian hippocampus1
Authors: Frenguelli Bruno G , Wigmore Geoffrey , Llaudet Enrique , Dale Nicholas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenosine is well known to be released during cerebral metabolic stress and is believed to be neuroprotective. ATP release under similar circumstances has been much less studied. We have now used biosensors to measure and compare in real time the release of ATP and adenosine duringin vitroischaemia in hippocampal slices. ATP release only occurred following the anoxic depolarisation, whereas adenosine release was apparent almost immediately after the onset of ischaemia. ATP release required extracellular Ca2+. By contrast adenosine release was enhanced by removal of extracellular Ca2+, whilst TTX had no effect on either ATP release or adenosine release. Blockade of ionotropic glutamate receptors substantially enhanced ATP release, but had only a modest effect on adenosine release. Carbenoxolone, an inhibitor of gap junction hemichannels, also greatly enhanced ischaemic ATP release, but had little effect on adenosine release. The ecto‐ATPase inhibitor ARL 67156, whilst modestly enhancing the ATP signal detected during ischaemia, had no effect on adenosine release. Adenosine release during ischaemia was reduced by pre‐treament with homosysteine thiolactone suggesting an intracellular origin. Adenosine transport inhibitors did not inhibit adenosine release, but instead they caused a twofold increase of release. Our data suggest that ATP and adenosine release during ischaemia are for the most part independent processes with distinct underlying mechanisms. These two purines will consequently confer temporally distinct influences on neuronal and glial function in the ischaemic brain.
Formation of cellular projections in neural progenitor cells depends on SK3 channel activity
Authors: Liebau Stefan , Vaida Bianca , Proepper Christian , Grissmer Stephan , Storch Alexander , Boeckers Tobias M. , Dietl Paul , Wittekindt Oliver H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIon channels are potent modulators for developmental processes in progenitor cells. In a screening approach for different ion channels in neural progenitor cells (NPCs) we observed a 1‐ethyl‐2‐benzimidazolinone (1‐EBIO) activated inward current, which could be blocked by scyllatoxin (ScTX, IC50 = 2 ± 0.3 nmol/L). This initial evidence for the expression of the small conductance Ca2+ activated K+‐channel SK3 was confirmed by the detection of SK3 transcripts and protein in NPCs. Interestingly, SK3 proteins were highly expressed in non‐differentiated NPCs with a focused localization in lamellipodia as well as filopodial structures. The activation of SK3 channels using 1‐EBIO lead to an immediate filopodial sprouting and the translocation of the protein into these novel filopodial protrusions. Both effects could be prevented by the pre‐incubation of NPCs with ScTX. Our study gives first evidence that the formation and prolongation of filopodia in NPCs is, at least in part, effectively induced and regulated by SK3 channels.
Neurodegeneration of mouse nigrostriatal dopaminergic system induced by repeated oral administration of rotenone is prevented by 4‐phenylbutyrate, a chemical chaperone
Authors: Inden Masatoshi , Kitamura Yoshihisa , Takeuchi Hiroki , Yanagida Takashi , Takata Kazuyuki , Kobayashi Yuka , Taniguchi Takashi , Yoshimoto Kanji , Kaneko Masahiko , Okuma Yasunobu , Taira Takahiro , Ariga Hiroyoshi , Shimohama Shun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is primarily characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Previous studies have demonstrated that chronic systemic exposure of Lewis rats to rotenone produced many features of PD, and cerebral tauopathy was also detected in the case of severe weight loss. The present study was designed to assess the neurotoxicity of rotenone after daily oral administration for 28 days at several doses in C57BL/6 mice. In addition, we examined the protective effects of 4‐phenylbutyrate (4‐PBA) on nigral dopamine (DA) neurons in rotenone‐treated mice. 4‐PBA was injected intraperitoneally daily 30 min before each oral administration of rotenone. Chronic oral administration of rotenone at high doses induced specific nigrostriatal DA neurodegeneration, motor deficits and the up‐regulation of α‐synuclein in the surviving DA neurons. In contrast to the Lewis rat model, cerebral tauopathy was not detected in this mouse model. 4‐PBA inhibited rotenone‐induced neuronal death and decreased the protein level of α‐synuclein. These results suggest that this rotenone mouse model may be useful for understanding the mechanism of DA neurodegeneration in PD, and that 4‐PBA has a neuroprotective effect in the treatment of PD.
Brain pyruvate recycling and peripheral metabolism: an NMR analysis ex vivo of acetate and glucose metabolism in the rat
Authors: Serres Sébastien , Bezancon Eric , Franconi Jean‐Michel , Merle Michel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe occurrence of pyruvate recycling in the rat brain was studied in either pentobarbital anesthetized animals or awake animals receiving a light analgesic dose of morphine, which were infused with either [1‐13C]glucose + acetate or glucose + [2‐13C]acetate for various periods of time. Metabolite enrichments in the brain, blood and the liver were determined from NMR analyses of tissue extracts. They indicated that: (i) Pyruvate recycling was revealed in the brain of both the anesthetized and awake animals, as well as from lactate and alanine enrichments as from glutamate isotopomer composition, but only after infusion of glucose + [2‐13C]acetate. (ii) Brain glucose was labelled from [2‐13C]acetate at the same level in anaesthetized and awake rats (∼4%). Comparing its enrichment with that of blood and liver glucose indicated that brain glucose labelling resulted from hepatic gluconeogenesis. (iii) Analysing glucose 13C‐13C coupling in the brain, blood and the liver confirmed that brain glucose could be labelled in the liver through the activities of both pyruvate recycling and gluconeogenesis. (iv) The rate of appearance and the amount of brain glutamate C4–C5 coupling, a marker of pyruvate recycling when starting from [2‐13C]acetate, were lower than those of brain glucose labelling from hepatic metabolism. (v) The evaluation of the contributions of glucose and acetate to glutamate metabolism revealed that more than 60% of brain glutamate was synthesized from glucose whereas only 7% was from acetate and that glutamate C4–C5 coupling was mainly due to the metabolism of glucose labelled through hepatic gluconeogenesis. All these results indicate that, under the present conditions, the pyruvate recycling observed through the labelling of brain metabolites mainly originates from peripheral metabolism.