bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Screening of atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer by serum pepsinogen, gastrin‐17 and Helicobacter pylori immunoglobulin G antibodies
Authors: CAO Qin , RAN Zhi Hua , XIAO Shu Dong 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  Currently the screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer and atrophic gastritis are mainly made by endoscopy and biopsy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of serum tests: serum pepsinogen I (PGI pepsinogen I/II ratio (PGR), gastrin‐17 (G‐17) and H. pylori‐immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to screen atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer.METHODS:  A total of 458 patients were recruited, and each underwent endoscopy with biopsies before the serum tests were performed. These patients were divided into five groups based on the endoscopic and histological findings: 92 patients in the atrophic gastritis group, 58 in the gastric ulcer group, 90 in the duodenal ulcer group, 141 in the gastric cancer group (40 early gastric cancer and 101 advanced gastric cancer) and 77 (including mild non‐atrophic gastritis) served as a control group. Serum samples for PGI and II, G‐17, and H. pylori‐IgG antibodies estimation were analyzed by ELISA.RESULTS:  PGI and PGR values decreased significantly both in atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer groups (P < 0.01). For the best discrimination of atrophic gastritis, the cut‐off values of PGI and PGR were 82.3 µg/L and 6.05, respectively. The PGI, PGR and G‐17 values were related significantly with the grades and/or sites of atrophic gastritis (P < 0.01). Patients with atrophic corpus gastritis had low PGI and PGR values and high G‐17 level, and patients with atrophic antral gastritis had low G‐17 level. G‐17 increased significantly in the gastric cancer group (P < 0.01). PGI and PGR values were significantly lower in patients with advanced gastric cancer than in patients with early gastric cancer, while there was no difference in G‐17 level between them. The positivity rate of H. pylori‐IgG antibodies was 54.55% in the control group. The PGI level was higher in H. pylori positive patients than in H. pylori negative ones (P < 0.001), while there was no difference in G‐17 level between them. The positivity rates of H. pylori‐IgG antibodies were over 85% in all other four groups.CONCLUSIONS:  Low serum PGI, PGR and G‐17 values are biomarkers of atrophic antral gastritis. Atrophic corpus gastritis can be screened by lower serum PGI, PGR and high G‐17 values. [Correction added after online publication on 2 February 2007: the preceding sentence has replaced one that read ‘Atrophic be screened by serum PGI and PGR values’]. Gastric cancer can be screened on the basis of increased serum G‐17 and remarkedly low serum PGI and PGR values. The H. pylori infection is related to the change of PG level.
Preliminary study on the clinical and pathological relevance of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma
Authors: GAO Ya Bo , ZHANG Ding Fang , JIN Xiao Long , XIAO Jia Cheng 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  To appraise the histological characteristics and clinical features of gastric hepatoid adenocarcinoma (GHAC) and their relevance with prognosis.METHODS:  From January 2001 to December 2003, six patients were diagnosed and confirmed pathologically in Ruijin Hospital as having a gastric hepatoid carcinoma. All these six patients, together with 30 randomly selected patients with gastric poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma (GPDA) and 30 with a primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who served as controls, were studied and analyzed clinically, histologically and immunohistologically.RESULTS:  The average age of the six patients with GHAC was 66.8 years, and their serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level was 84–2230 ng/mL. Of these six patients, two had a recurrence of cancer and two had liver metastasis. Their average survival period was 17 months. Morphologically, the histological appearance was similar to that of HCC, with glycogen granules and hyaline globules arranged in a solid or trabecular pattern and an abundance of blood vessels and sinusoids, while blood vessel or lymphatic invasion were more often seen. Immunohistological staining showed that the tumor cells were positive for AFP and negative for Hepatocyte paraffin 1 (HepPar1), and the tumor cells were separated by CD34‐positive blood vessels into a small trabecular pattern. The GPDA had a solid nest or diffuse distribution pattern and was negative for both AFP and HepPar1. In the HCC, the histological feature was manifested as solid, small and large trabecular patterns with abundance of blood vessels and sinusoids; immunohistochemical staining showed the tumor cells were positive for HepPar1.CONCLUSION:  Serum AFP‐positive GHAC occurred more frequently in older patients with higher rates of recurrence and liver metastasis and a poor prognosis. Histologically, GHAC was similar to HCC. The tumor cells that were positive for AFP but negative for HerPar1 could be used to differentiate with GPDA (both AFP and HerPar1 negative) and primary HCC (most AFP and HerPar1 positive).
Effects of all‐trans‐retinoic on human gastric cancer cells BGC‐823
Authors: ZHANG Jin Ping , CHEN Xiang Yu , LI Jian Sheng 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  To determine the inhibitory effects of all‐trans‐retinoic acid (ATRA) on cell growth, cell cycle and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the human gastric cancer cell line BGC‐823 in vitro.METHODS:  Human gastric cancer BGC‐823 cells were treated with various concentrations of ATRA and the cell growth was then determined using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl tetrazolium bromide viability assay. The cell cycle distribution was analyzed using a flow cytometer. The VEGF mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by semi‐quantitative RT‐PCR and Western blotting, respectively.RESULTS:  ATRA at concentrations of 0.1–10 µmol/L inhibited the growth of BGC‐823 cells grown in culture; a time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibitory influence was found. ATRA arrested BGC‐823 cells at the G0/G1 phase in a dose‐dependent way. Both VEGF mRNA and protein were decreased by ATRA in a dose‐dependent way.CONCLUSION:  The anti‐tumor effects of ATRA on human gastric cancer cells are associated with G0/G1 phase arrest and decreased VEGF expression.
Colonoscopic and histologic features of colonic Crohn's disease in Chinese patients
Authors: ZHENG Jia Ju , CU Xing Qi , SHI Xiao Hua , WANG Yu Ming , JIA Li Ming , ZHOU Xun Li , WANG Fong Ming 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  An attempt was made to provide a better insight into endoscopic and histological features and to enhance the understanding of the diagnostic value of colonoscopy combined with biopsy for colonic Crohn's disease.METHODS:  As presented in our 27 cases of colonic Crohn's disease (Crohn's colitis), the endoscopic findings and histological changes of biopsy specimens were analyzed. As collated with correspondent results of biopsy and surgical specimens, the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopy was evaluated.RESULTS:  Of these patients, 26 involvements of the colon (often combined with other sites of the bowel) were observed (96.3%). However, involvements limited to the colon alone were seen in only four cases (14.8%). Endoscopically, diverse patterns of multi‐staged‐segmental distributed and multi‐sited inflammatory lesions, both destructive and proliferative/regenerative changes were observed in the bowel of the same patient. The diaganostic accuracy of colonoscopy, as confirmed by the histological examination of biopsy and resected specimens, was 66.7%. The major characteristic features of mucosal biopsy were the focal distribution of inflammatory infiltration and lymphoid aggregate. Otherwise, it may include edematous and widened submucosa, deep fissuring ulcers and hyperplasia, fibrosis and granulomas (detected in 30% of the group), among others.CONCLUSION:  The colonic involvement of Crohn's disease was common. Colonoscopy may be valuable in establishing a diagnosis and in assessing the extent and severity of such colonic involvement. Biopsy is helpful to confirm a diagnosis conducted by colonoscopy. Colonoscopy combined with biopsy may replace radiology as the initial test of choice in many clinical situations.
Hepatitis C virus genotypes and the development of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: STANKOVIC‐DJORDJEVIC Dobrila , DJORDJEVIC Nebojsa , TASIC Gordana , DINIC Marina , KARANIKOLIC Aleksandar , PESIC Milica 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in our geographic area, and to determine if there is a correlation between HCV genotypes and the development of HCC.METHODS:  Thirty‐six patients with HCV‐related HCC and 35 controls with HCV‐associated cirrhosis without HCC were studied. The diagnosis of HCV infection was performed by the enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay test for the detection of anti‐HCV antibodies and by reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction for the detection of HCV‐RNA. HCV genotyping was performed by line probe assay‐Inno‐LIPA HCV II. The diagnosis of underlying disease in the patients with HCC was performed on the basis of clinical, biochemical or histological evidence.RESULTS:  Genotype 1b was found in 28 (77.77%) patients with HCC, and in 16 (45.71%) controls. There was significant difference in the prevalence of genotype 1b between the patients with HCC and those with cirrhosis without HCC (P < 0.05). Having analyzed the diagnosis of underlying diseases, underlying cirrhosis in 29 (80.55%) and chronic active hepatitis in 7 (19.44%) patients with HCC was found.CONCLUSION:  Results of the present study suggest that there is a correlation between HCV genotype 1b and the development of HCC. Our findings also add support to the hypothesis that cirrhosis is a major step in liver carcinogenesis associated with HCV, which suggests an indirect role of HCV in the pathogenesis of HCC.
Effect of a novel phyto‐compound on mucosal candidiasis: Further evidence from an ex vivo study
Authors: NAKAJIMA Juntaro , PAPAAH Pete , YOSHIZAWA Masako , MAROTTA Francesco , NAKAJIMA Teriyuki , MIHARA Shin , MINELLI Emilio 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  To isolate, identify and determine the prevalence of yeasts in the oral cavity of individuals and to test the minimum inhibitory dilution (MID) of Kolorex against the yeasts isolated.METHODS:  Twenty‐nine individuals of both sexes aged on average 61.3 years were evaluated at the dental clinic in order to isolate and identify yeasts from their oral cavity, with and without lesions, and to determine the MID of the commercial phyto‐product Kolorex against the strains isolated. The antifungal activity of the product tested was determined by the technique of dilution on a solid medium. Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1) was measured by biotinylated antibody assay by an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).RESULTS:  Yeasts of the genus Candida were detected in the saliva of 45.4% of the 11 individuals with a clinically healthy mouth and in 88.2% of 17 individuals with oral lesions. In the group with oral candidiasis we isolated in tongue and lesion, respectively, for each species: C. tropicalis (5.8% and 11.7%), C. glabrata (5.8% and 5.8%) and C. parapsilosis (0% and 5.8%), in addition to C. albicans as the only species or in association with others, respectively (64.7% and 70.5%). The total clonal formation unit (CFU) (counts/mL) in the saliva showed a higher mean value in the group with oral candidiasis (158.3 × 103) than in the control group (64.6 × 103). Most of the 70 test strains (95.7%) were sensitive to Kolorex by presenting a MID of 1:20. Sixty percent of strains from the 70 healthy sites showed results similar to those obtained with strains from oral lesions. Different results were mainly observed among different species. Patients with oral lesions showed a significant time‐course increase of the level of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP 1) as compared to those without lesions or to healthy people in whom Candida has not been detected (P < 0.05). Co‐culture with Kolorex using aliquots from the same patients with oral lesions inhibited such event (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:  Although this study was focused on oral cavity candidiasis, the results indicate the possibility of a broader use of the antifungal Kolorex in the prevention and treatment of mucosal candidiasis located elsewhere.
Apolipoprotein AI‐CIII‐AIV gene cluster polymorphisms in relation to cholesterol gallstone
Authors: YAO You Gui , QIU Xiong , MA Ming Kun , PU Dao Sheng , XIAO Lu Jia 
Published: January 2007

OBJECTIVE:  To investigate the frequency of variants at Xmn I, Msp I sites of apolipoprotein (Apo), A I‐CIII‐AIV gene cluster, and its relation to cholesterol gallstones in Chinese patients.METHODS:  Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLP) at Xmn I, Msp I sites of ApoAI‐CIII‐AIV gene cluster were studied using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in 161 patients with cholesterol gallstones and 94 healthy subjects from a Chinese population in Sichuan Province.RESULTS:  In both the cholesterol gallstone group and the healthy control group, X1 and M1 alleles were the major alleles and homozygous X1X1 and M1M1 genotypes were the most frequent. However, the frequency of X2 allele mutation in female patients of the cholesterol gallstones group was significantly higher than that in women in the healthy control group (P < 0.05), but no difference was found in the frequency of M2 alleles mutation (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION:  The data showed that Xmn I RFLP of ApoAI‐CIII‐AIV gene cluster is associated to some extent with cholesterol gallstones in female Chinese patients.
Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in Malaysia: A demographic, anthropometric, metabolic and histological study
Authors: MALIK Abdul , CHEAH Phaik‐Leng , HILMI Ida Normiha , CHAN Siew Pheng , GOH Khean‐Lee 
Published: January 2007

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing rapidly in the Asia–Pacific region. There has been a paucity of studies from the region. The aims of this study were to define the demographic, anthropometric, metabolic and histological characteristics of patients with NAFLD in our local population and to determine independent predictors of severe liver fibrosis.METHODS: Patients with persistently raised liver enzymes and/or fatty liver detected on ultrasonography with exclusion of other liver disorders were prospectively recruited. Their insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance score. A liver biopsy was performed in all cases for grading (for steatohepatitis) and staging (for fibrosis) of NAFLD. Independent risk factors for fibrosis were determined using multiple logistic regression analysis.RESULTS: Seventy‐five patients were recruited: 39 men (52%) and 36 women (48%). The mean age of the patients was 47.0 ± 12.2 years. Of these, 58 patients (77.3%) were centrally obese, 29 patients (38.7%) were diabetic and 15 patients (20.0%) had impaired glucose tolerance. Insulin resistance was diagnosed in 62 out of 64 (96.9%) patients. Benign steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and cirrhosis were diagnosed in three (4.3%), 59 (84.3%) and eight (11.4%) of 70 patients, respectively. Significant independent predictors of liver fibrosis were; male sex (P = 0.019, OR = 5.55, CI = 1.33–23.18) and Indian race (P = 0.013,OR = 8.21,CI = 1.56–43.16).CONCLUSIONS: The full histological spectrum of NAFLD was seen in our patients. The majority of patients were insulin resistant, centrally obese and either diabetic or had impaired glucose tolerance. The predictors of severe liver fibrosis were male sex and Indian race.
Interparental Conflict and Preschoolers’ Peer Relations: The Moderating Roles of Temperament and Gender
Authors: David Kevin M. , Murphy Bridget C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe relations between destructive interparental conflict (IPC) and three‐ to six‐year‐olds’ (N = 62) peer relations were examined as a function of child temperament and gender. Regression analyses indicated that effortful control moderated the relations of IPC with children's amount of peer interaction as well as with their problematic relations with peers. Specifically, high IPC was associated with low amount of interaction and high problematic relations for preschoolers low in effortful control, but it was related to high amount of interaction and low problems for those high in effortful control. Additionally, gender differences in the relations between IPC and the amount of peer interaction indicated that IPC was negatively related to the amount of interaction for girls but positively related to the amount for boys. The findings highlight the need for examining individual differences in the relations between IPC and the development of early peer relations.
Self‐enhancement of Peer Acceptance: Implications for Children's Self‐worth and Interpersonal Functioning
Authors: Kistner Janet , David Corinne , Repper Karla 
Published: January 2007

AbstractChanges in feelings of self‐worth and peer acceptance associated with self‐enhancing perceptions of their peer acceptance were examined for a normative sample and for a group of peer‐rejected children. Whether the correlates of self‐enhancement differed as a function of the way in which perceptions were assessed (i.e., general versus specific measures of self‐enhancement) or by the degree of enhancement were also studied. Using a longitudinal design, 670 students in grades 3 through 5 were assessed across an academic year. For the normative sample, general self‐enhancement of peer acceptance was associated with positive outcomes; specific self‐enhancement of peer acceptance was unrelated to changes in outcomes. Both general and specific self‐enhancement scores were associated with gains in one or more outcome measures in the rejected group. No support was found for the hypothesis that mild to moderate self‐enhancement is predictive of adjustment whereas extreme self‐enhancement is related to maladjustment.
Theory of Mind, Self‐worth and the Mother–Child Relationship
Authors: Cahill Katherine R. , Deater‐Deckard Kirby , Pike Alison , Hughes Claire 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe tested the hypothesis that mother–child warmth and responsiveness would moderate the link between young children's theory of mind skills and self‐worth. Participants included 125 same‐sex pairs of 3.5 year‐old twins and their mothers. A battery of tests was individually administered to measure the children's theory of mind skills and verbal intelligence, and their self‐reported self‐worth was assessed using a puppet interview. Following visits to the families' homes, the observers completed ratings of warm responsive mother–child behavior based on videotaped unstructured and structured observations. As expected, warm responsive behavior moderated the relation between their theory of mind and the child's self‐worth. Their theory of mind was positively associated with self‐worth in warm responsive mother–child dyads, and there was weaker evidence that their theory of mind may be negatively associated with self‐worth in less warm, unresponsive mother–child dyads.
False Belief and Emotion Understanding in Post‐institutionalized Children
Authors: Tarullo Amanda R. , Bruce Jacqueline , Gunnar Megan R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDeficits in social cognition may impair the ability to negotiate social transactions and relationships and contribute to socio emotional difficulties experienced by some post‐institutionalized children. We examined false belief and emotion understanding in 40 institutional care‐adopted children, 40 foster care‐adopted children and 40 birth children. Both groups of adopted children were adopted internationally. Controlling for verbal ability, post‐institutionalized children scored lower than birth children on a false belief task. Almost half of the post‐institutionalized children performed below chance levels. The foster care group did not differ from either group on false belief understanding. The groups did not differ on emotion understanding after controlling for verbal ability. The results suggest that some post‐institutionalized children are delayed in false belief understanding.
‘Would Others Think It Is Okay to Express My Feelings?’ Regulation of Anger, Sadness and Physical Pain in Gujarati Children in India
Authors: Raval Vaishali V. , Martini Tanya S. , Raval Pratiksha H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDespite the recognition of cultural influences on emotional development, very little is known regarding emotion regulation in children from different cultures. This study examined beliefs regarding social acceptability and regulatory behaviors in 80 children (aged five to six years and eight to nine years) from two urban communities (suburban and old city) in Gujarat, India. The children's explicit reasons and their preferred methods of expression and control were also investigated. The results revealed that the children considered others to be less accepting of their expressions of anger and sadness and, in turn, they reported controlling their anger and sadness more than their physical pain. The remarkable congruence between children's beliefs regarding acceptability and reported behaviors was consistent with the notion that cognitions that focus on evaluations of others are particularly salient in guiding socioemotional behavior in a collectivist culture like India. Within‐culture differences were also imperative, indicating that the children in the old city considered others to be less accepting of all of their expressions, and reported controlling these expressions more than the children in the suburban community. These differences are discussed in the context of variations in broader cultural values (i.e., the extent of collectivist orientation and adherence to Hindu ideology) in the two communities.
Positive Peer Relationships and Risk of Victimization in Chinese and South Korean Children's Peer Groups
Authors: Abou‐ezzeddine Tania , Schwartz David , Chang Lei , Lee‐Shin Yoolim , Farver JoAnn , Xu Yiyuan 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis study examined the moderating role of positive peer relationships in the relation between behavioral or academic risk factors and victimization in Asian children's peer groups. We recruited 296 children (161 boys, 135 girls) from Tianjin, China (mean age of 11.5 years) and 122 children (66 boys, 56 girls) from Seoul, South Korea (approximate mean age of 11 years). The children's behavioral, academic and social functioning were assessed with a multi‐informant approach. Their behavioral and academic vulnerabilities were associated with their victimization by peers. However, these effects were mitigated for children who were able to establish positive relationships with their peers. Taken together, our findings highlight the potential buffering role of peer relationships in the cultural contexts examined.
Developmental Trends in Self‐regulation among Low‐income Toddlers
Authors: Raikes H. Abigail , Robinson JoAnn L. , Bradley Robert H. , Raikes Helen H. , Ayoub Catherine C. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe attainment of self‐regulatory skills during the toddler years is an understudied issue, especially among low‐income children. The present study used growth modeling to examine the change over time and the final status in children's abilities to self‐regulate, in a sample of 2,441 low‐income children aged 14 to 36 months. Positive growth in their self‐regulation occurred between 14 and 36 months, but individual variation was observed in both the growth rates and final status. Children who showed high degrees of negativity at 14, 24 and 36 months grew at slower rates than other children. Boys and children high in negativity had lower scores in self‐regulation at 36 months than girls and children with low negativity, whereas higher quality mother–child interactions at 14 and 24 months were associated with better self‐regulation at 36 months. The results suggest that some children may be at risk for developing problems in regulation because of mother–child interaction patterns and child characteristics such as high negativity.