bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Organic Additives on the Solubilities and CMC’s of Potassium Alkyl Sulfates in Water. II. Effects of Some Nonhydroxy Compounds
Authors: Shirahama Keishiro , Hayashi Makoto , Matuura Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Solubilities and critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of potassium dodecyl sulfate (KDS) and hexadecyl sulfate (KHS) were measured in aqueous solutions to which dioxane, acetone, urea, or dimethyl sulfoxide had been added over the temperature range of 5–40°C. It was found that all additives mentioned above raised solubility and CMC with an exception for dioxane which showed a slight minimum on a CMC-additive concentration curve. Solvent effects on the alkyl and ionic groups of a surfactant molecule were separated by considering the difference of the standard free energy change for the solution process of KHS and that of KDS. It was deduced that a primary effect on the alkyl group is the one that a strongly cohesive solvent, water, is replaced by a less cohesive organic solvent and other mechamisms, such as an effect on the water structure, follow as the secondary. In terms of the above considerations, effects on the Krafft point were also referred to.
Reactions of Ions in the Radiolysis of Liquid Propane
Authors: Tanno Kuniyasu , Shida Shoji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of ions, especially fragmentation of excited ions and the subsequent reactions of fragment ions in the radiolysis of liquid propane have been investigated by the use of charge scavengers such as sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) and ammonia (NH3). It has been confirmed that the fragment ions are produced by the dissociation of the excited parent ion prior to the parent ion-electron recombination. The yields of C2H5+ and C3H7+ have been measured by the use of the reaction, RH++ NH3→R+ NH4, with the results G≥0.28 and ∼1.1 respectively. These ions neutralize with electrons to form ethylene or propylene. The hydride ion transfer reaction between C2H5+ and propane may be competing with the neutralization of C2H5+ by electron in the absence of an additive. The yields of fragment ions are compared in the radiolysis of several saturated hydrocarbons.
Electron Diffraction Studies of Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde and Acetone
Authors: Kato Chuichi , Konaka Shigehiro , Iijima Takao , Kimura Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The molecular structures of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone have been investigated by the sector-microphotometer method of electron diffraction. Certain of the bonded interatomic distances, rg, were determined to be as follows: for formaldehyde, r(C–O)=1.2093±0.0033 Å and r(C-H)=1.0967±0.0535 Å; for acetaldehyde, r(C=O)=1.2085±0.0033 Å and r(C–C)=1.5142±0.0051 Å; for acetone, r(C=O)=1.2110±0.0041 Å and r(C–C)=1.5167±0.0048 Å. The value of rg(C=O) for formaldehyde was perfectly consistent wth the zero-point average distance, rz(C=O), determined by microwave spectroscopy.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Carbazole
Authors: Kurahashi Masayasu , Fukuyo Makoto , Shimada Akira , Furusaki Akio , Nitta Isamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of carbazole has been refined with three-dimensional X-ray data. Single crystals obtained from the melt are orthorhombic with four molecules in a unit cell of the dimensions a=7.772, b=19.182 and c=5.725 Å; space group is Pnma. Positional and thermal parameters were obtained by the least-squares method. The final discrepancy index R is 10.9% excluding zero intensity data. The e.s.d.’s in bond lengths not involving hydrogen atoms are 0.006–0.010 Å, and the corresponding errors in bond angles are about 0.5°. The molecule is planar within the deviation of 0.03 Å. A crystallographic mirror plane normal to the b-axis passes through the nitrogen atom and is perpendicular to the molecular plane. Comparison of the observed and theoretical bond lengths is made with discussion thereof. Some physical properties related to the crystal structure are also discussed by comparing its structure with that of fluorene. With the help of thermodynamical data, it has been argued that the hydrogen bond of N–H···N between molecules is not formed not only in the crystalline state but also in the liquid state.
Theory of Photoselection for Zeeman Split Phosphorescence
Authors: Azumi Tohru , Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
General equations applicable to photoselection experiments for Zeeman split phosphorescence are derived. The general equations are also extended to the cases where excitation and observation are effected with unpolarized light, and expressions for the ratio of phosphorescence intensities of the three split subcomponents are obtained. Some comments on experimentation are made.
The Mechanism of the Scintillation from a Benzene Solution of p-Terphenyl
Authors: Saito Tsunenari , Sato Shin 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The luminescence from a benzene solution containing p-terphenyl induced by γ-ray irradiation has been compared with that induced by UV irradiation at 2500 Å in the presence of various quenchers. The quenching efficiencies of electron and positive ion scavengers (SF6, N2O, CO2 and NH3) were found to be greater for the γ-ray excitation than for the UV excitation, while 1,3-butadiene, which is known as a quencher for excited benzene, (1B2u), showed almost the same efficiency for both modes of excitation. These results suggest that, even in a benzene solution, a series of ionic reactions is partly responsible for the formation of the scintillating state of p-terphenyl, and that the apparent quenching effect of ion scavengers is mainly due to their interference in the formation of the excited state of the benzene which is produced by the recombination reaction between the benzene cation and an electron. It was estimated that more than 30% of the excited state of benzene is formed by the recombination reaction.
ESR Studies of Bis-(N,N-diethylethylenediamine)copper(II) Perchlorate
Authors: Yokoi Hiroshi , Sai Mitsuru , Isobe Taro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ESR of bis-(N,N-diethylethylenediamine)copper(II) perchlorate has been examined in the polycrystalline state at three temperatures corresponding to the color change in the copper (II) complex due to thermochromism, in the glassy state of an aqueous solution at the temperature of liquid nitrogen, and in the magnetically-diluted state in diamagnetic bis-(N,N-diethylethylenediamine)nickel(II) perchlorate powder at three temperatures corresponding to the color change of the diluent due to thermochromism. The g and A values for square planar copper(II) complexes have been discussed in connection with the strength of the axial ligand field. The ESR results indicate that the structure of bis-(N,N-diethylethylenediamine)copper(II) perchlorate changes remarkably according to its circumstances, and possible mechanisms for the thermochromism have been suggested.
The Kinetics of the Autoxidation of Ferrous Ions in Aqueous Tripolyphosphate Solutions
Authors: Kurimura Yoshimi , Kuriyama Hideo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetics of the autoxidation of ferrous ions in tripolyphosphate solutions (pH 2–8) at an ionic strength of 0.20 m NaClO4 was studied using a spectrophotometric technique. The rate expression for the oxidation reaction is given by:
d[Fe(III)]⁄dt=4kI[FeII(Htpp4−)][O2]+4kII[FeII(Htpp4−)2][O2],
and 4kII found is to be 1.0×102 m−1 sec−1 at 15°C. The simultaneous reaction paths of
FeII(Htpp4−)+O2\xrightarrowkIFeIII(Htpp4−)+O2- and FeII(Htpp4−)2+O2\xrightarrowkIIFeIII(Htpp4−)2+O2-
are consistent with the results obtained. When there is an excess of the triphosphate solution in the pH range from 6 to 8, the latter may be the rate-determining step. The acceleration of the oxidation of the ferrous ions in the triphosphate solution may be due to the fact that the stabilization of the oxidation products, FeIII(Htpp4−) and FeIII(Htpp4−)2, is greater than that of the corresponding ferrous triphosphate complexes. As the activation parameters for the latter reaction, the experiments gave the values of ΔH\eweq∼10 kcal mol−1 and ΔS\eweq∼−25 cal mol−1. deg−1. The negative and relatively small value of the entropy of activation suggests that the activated complex is more extensively hydrated than is the ferrous complex of FeII(Htpp4−)2.
Syntheses and Reactions of N-(Phenylpyruvoyl) Amino Acids
Authors: Chigira Yasuhiro , Masaki Mitsuo , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
α-Ethoxy- and α-acetoxycinnamoyl chlorides were synthesized by treatments of α-ethoxy-and α-acetoxycinnamic acid with thionyl chloride and oxalyl chloride, respectively, and reactions of ammo acid esters with the cinnamoyl chlorides were investigated in order to seek for a synthetic method of N-(phenylpyruvoyl) amino acids. N-Hydroxy- or N-benzyloxy-Dl-alanine esters prepared from 2-bromopropionic esters and hydroxylamine or benzyloxyamine were treated with α-ethoxycinnamoyl chloride to give the corresponding N-(α-ethoxycinnamoyl) derivatives. Treatment of l-leucine ethyl ester with α-acetoxycinnamoyl chloride afforded N-(α-acetoxycinnamoyl)-l-leucine ethyl ester, the removal of the acetyl group from which was readily accomplished under mild, basic conditions, and N-(phenylpyruvoyl)-l-leucine ester was obtained. Treatment of the ester with ammonia yielded 3-benzylidene-6-isobutyl-2,5-piperazinedione.
Oscillopolarographic Behaviour of Lanthanide Ions at the Dropping and Hanging-drop Mercury Electrodes
Authors: Iwase Akio , Yokoyama Chieko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oscillopolarographic behaviour of lanthanide ions at the dropping mercury electrode and hanging-drop mercury electrode was discussed. The variations of incision depth on the oscillopolarograms with a dropping mercury electrode in KSGN, KCl, KBr and NaClO4 at pH 3.65 and 4.65 were found to depend on the first ionization potentials and the basicity of the lanthanide. On the basis of the results obtained it can therefore be presumed that the electrode reaction rate increases with the increase of the first ionization potentials.
Syntheses and Properties of Some Metal Bromo-Dithiolium Complexes
Authors: Ouchi Akira , Eguchi Hiroshi , Takeuchi Toshio , Furuhashi Akiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The bromo-3-methyl-5-phenyl-1,2-dithiol-1-ium complexes were obtained from metal benzoylacetonate, using hydrogen sulfide and bromine with a catalyst of hydrogen bromide. These complexes resemble bromo-bis(3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dithiol-1-ium) complexes and many of them are of the high-spin type. The Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes are of the ML2Br4 type (where M=metal and L=3-methyl-5-phenyl-1,2-dithiol-1-ium), like 3,5-dimethyl-1,2-dithiol-1-ium complexes, while Cu(I) is of the MLBr2 type. However the analytical results shows that the Mn(II), Fe(II) and Co(II) complexes are of the ML2Br3 type. Infrared spectra as well as electronic spectra are shown and discussed.
Methods of Preparing the 2,2′-Dipyridyl and 1,10-Phenanthroline Cobalt(III) Complexes of the [CoX2dip2]- and [CoX2phen2]-Type
Authors: Maki Nobufumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The bis(2,2′-dipyridyl) and bis(1,10-phenanthroline) cobalt(III) complexes of the [CoX2N4]-type, including the following new compounds, have been prepared: [Co(CN)2dip2]NO3·7H2O, [Co-(CN)2dip2]2SO4·12H2O, Na[Co(SO3)2dip2]·5H2O, Na[Co(S2O3)2dip2]·7H2O [Co(N3)2dip2]N3·2H2O, [Co(N3)2dip2]ClO4, [Co(N3)2dip2]2SO4·5H2O, [Co(N3)2dip2]NO3·2H2O, [Co(N3)2dip2]Cl·3H2O, [Co(SCN)2dip2]NCS·\frac52H2O, [Co(SCN)2dip2]ClO4·2H2O, [Co(SCN)2dip2]Cl·3H2O, K[Co(SO3)2phen2]·5H2O, [Co(NO2)2phen2]Cl·4H2O, Na[Co(S2O3)2phen2], [Co(N3)2phen2]N3[Co(CN)2phen2]NO3·6H2O, [Co(CN)2phen2]Cl·4H2O. The known compounds, including the cobalt(II) and cobalt(III) complexes of the luteo type, have also been prepared by methods other than those described hitherto in the literature. The absorption spectra in the visible and ultraviolet regions have been measured and compared with those of the bis(ethylenediamine)cobalt-(III) complexes. The rhodanato-cobalt(III) complexes, [Co(SCN)2dip2]ClO4·2H2O and [Co-(SCN)2phen2]NCS, have been ascertained to be the sulfur-bonded thiocyanato complexes on the evidence of the absorption spectra in the visible and infrared regions.
Reaction of N-(α-Acetoxycinnamoyl)-N-hydroxy Derivatives of Dl-Alanine Esters. Formation of Imidazolidinone and Its Transformations into Pyrrolidinedione and Oxazolidinone
Authors: Chigira Yasuhiro , Masaki Mitsuo , Ohta Masaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Treatment of N-benzyloxy-Dl-alanine ethyl ester (I) with α-acetoxycinnamoyl chloride (II) gave N-(α-acetoxycinnamoyl)-N-benzyloxy-Dl-alanine ethyl ester (III), which was treated with aqueous sodium bicarbonate, piperidine or hydroxylamine to afford N-benzyloxy-N-(phenyl-pyruvoyl)-Dl-alanine ethyl ester (IV). Reaction of III or IV with ammonia afforded 5-benzylidene-2-methyl-4-oxo-2-imidazolidinecarboxylic acid (V), which was transformed into 5-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-pyrrolidinedione (VI) by treatment with aqueous sodium hydroxide and into methyl 5-benzylidene-2-methyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolidinecarboxylate (VII) by treatment with methanolic hydrogen chloride. VI was also derived from III or IV by treatment with sodium hydroxide. N-(α-Acetoxycinnamoyl)-N-hydroxy-Dl-alanine t-butyl ester prepared from N-hydroxy-Dl-alanine t-butyl ester and II, was treated with aqueous sodium hydroxide to give t-butyl 5-benzylidene-2-methyl-4-oxo-2-oxazolidinecarboxylate.
Spectrophotometric Determination of l-Ascorbic Acid
Authors: Ogata Yoshiro , Kosugi Yoshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A novel quantitative determination of l-ascorbic acid by UV spectrophotometry in a HCl-KCl buffer has been developed. Ascorbic acid (λmax 244 mμ) of over 2×10−5 m can quantitatively be determined by this method. Several oxidizing, reducing, acidic or basic reagents and other organic compounds which may be present together with ascorbic acid in ordinary drugs and drinks do not interfere the determination.
Separation Factors of Adjacent Rare Earths between the Aqueous and Resin Phases in the Presence of EDTA
Authors: Noguchi Masaru , Yoshifuji Akashi , Hagiwara Zenzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to find the accurate separation factors of two adjacent rare earths between the aqueous and resin phases, measurements were performed at 30°C in the presence of EDTA and using Dowex 50W, X-8, 50–100 mesh. The following results were obtained under the same experimental conditions as were employed in ion-exchange system for the isolation of the rare earth series. The separation factors were 2.05 for Er-Tm, 1.88 for Dy-Ho, 1.61 for Y-Dy, 1.76 for Tb-Y, 1.30 for Eu-Gd, and 3.77 for Sm-Nd. In the Er-Tm separation factor, a fairly large discrepancy was observed between the calculated and experimental values. It is concluded from the experimental results that the separation factors of pairs of lanthanons should be directly measured.
Electrochemical Behavior of Platinum in Solutions Containing Ethylenediaminetetraacetate
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Fujisawa Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrochemical behavior of platinum in solutions of ethylenediaminetetraacetate(EDTA) has been investigated by the measurements of current-potential and current-time curves and by the controlled-potential electrolysis. EDTA gives the anodic limiting current, which is much smaller than that of one-electron transfer obtained for the ordinary diffusion-controlled electrode reaction. Platinum was detected by the spectrophotometric method in the solution which was subjected to the electrolysis at controlled potential. The results suggest that the anodic current is due to the electrolytic dissolution of the platinum electrode by the reactions,
Pt+2H2O→Pt(OH)2+2H+2e (1)
Pt(OH)2+H2Y2−→PtY2−+2H2O (2)
where Y4− represents a quadrivalent anion of EDTA.
An Automatic Chromatographic Method for the Separation of Flavonoid Compounds
Authors: Hori Masatake 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new chromatographic method for the separation of flavonoids was developed using Amberlite XAD-2 adsorption resin as the stationary phase and a gradient system of ethanolwater as the eluent. The advantage of the method lies in the fact that a number of flavonoids can be separated by a single operation with good reproducibility. The accuracy of this method determined with pure flavonoids was within ±2%. In addition, the method is useful for preparative purposes, because the solvents used are readily removable by evaporation. The elution time of 56 flavonoids was determined by this method; moreover, the method was applied to the determination of flavonoids in crude methanol extracts from plants (Scutellaria baicalenisis, Citrus aurantium and Crataegus cuneata).
Anionic Telomerizations of Styrene with Some Secondary Amines
Authors: Asahara Teruzo , Sen\={o} Manabu , Tanaka Sadayoshi , Den Norio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The anionic telomerizations of styrene with some secondary amines catalyzed by sodium metal were investigated. In this reaction a secondary amine was used as a telogen and styrene as a taxogen. Three telomers, i. e. N,N-disubstituted 2-phenylethylamine, N,N-disubstituted 2,4-diphenylbutylamine and N,N-disubstituted 2,4,6-triphenylhexylamine were separated from the mixture of the produced telomers under vacuum distillation. Proton NMR spectra of these telomers in carbon tetrachloride were consistent with the expected structural formulas. The reaction scheme was proposed to explain the formation of telomers.
The Autoxidation of Ethylbenzene in the Presence of the Aqueous Phase
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi , Ito Masayuki , Murashima Hiroaki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ethylbenzene was oxidized to acetophenone and a small amount of benzaldehyde in the presence of the aqueous phase under oxygen pressure at 190°C. The yield of acetophenone decreased in the presence of sulfuric acid, sodium sulfate, and iron and copper sulfates. The formation of benzaldehyde was promoted in the presence of iron and copper sulfates and sulfuric acid. These effects can be explained mainly by the decomposition of α-phenylethyl hydroperoxide by the solutes in the aqueous phase.
Electrolytic Polymerization of Acrylonitrile. Kinetic Approach and Effect of Supporting Electrolytes
Authors: Asahara Teruzo , Sen\={o} Manabu , Tsuchiya Mitsuru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electrolytic polymerization of acrylonitrile in constant current was examined by using several supporting electrolytes and the reaction mechanism was discussed. An explanation was given for the anomaly characteristic of the cathodic polymerization using sodium nitrate as a supporting electrolyte, which was reported by Funt. It was revealed that the polymerization is initiated by a radical mechanism at the anode and by an anionic mechanism at the cathode. The termination reaction of the anionic polymerization was analyzed by a kinetic approach and from the structural information of polymers obtained.
Studies of Ion Exchange Membranes. XXX. The Tetrahydrofuran Extraction of the Ion-exchange Membrane and Its Base Membrane Prepared by the “Paste Method”
Authors: Mizutani Yukio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to throw light on the chemical structure of the ion-exchange membrane prepared by the “Paste Method,” the ion-exchange membrane and its base membrane were extracted with tetrahydrofuran. The base membrane was composed of polyvinyl chloride and the resin component of the styrene-divinyl benzene system or of the 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine-divinyl benzene system, the ion-exchange group was introduced into this resin component. It was established that the resin component was partially extractable through a filter paper. Although the resin component and polyvinyl chloride should be entwined with each other, and although the resin component might be grafted on polyvinyl chloride, it could be concluded that the chemical structure of the ion-exchange membrane prepared by the “Paste Method” is different from that of Amberlite IR-120, i. e., the homogeneously crosslinked gel-structure.
Adsorption of Surface Active Substance at Aqueous Surface Using Tritium Labeled Compounds: Adsorption from Mixed Aqueous Solution of Sodium Dodecylsulfate and Dodecanol
Authors: Tajima Kazuo , Muramatsu Mitsuo , Sasaki Tsunetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Adsorbed amount of sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) and n-dodecanol (DOH) at the gas-solution interface of their mixed aqueous solution was directly measured as a function of bulk concentration of DOH by the radiotracer method. For this purpose the surface radioactivity of the mixed solution in which either SDS or DOH was labeled with tritium, was counted by using a 2π window-less gas-flow counter. It was found that the adsorbed amount of DOH rapidly increases with increasing bulk concentration of DOH, while that of SDS gradually decreases. The adsorption of DOH and desorption of SDS are not a simple 1 : 1 replacement. A maximum total adsorption of about 13×10−10 mol/cm2, which exceeds the amount of close-packed monolayer adsorption extends over a wide range of concentration studied. It was suggested that the adsorbed film consists of mixed monolayer or double layers. The latter film is composed of mixed monolyaer of SDS and DOH with adsorbed layer of SDS beneath. The molar ratio of adsorbed amount of DOH to SDS in the surface became unity, when the ratio of the bulk concentration of DOH to SDS was about one hundredth, which shows a stronger adsorption tendency of DOH than that of SDS.
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of the High-melting-point Isomer of Bis-(1,2-diethoxycarbonyl-ethyl)tin Dibromide
Authors: Kimura Toshihide , Ueki Tatzuo , Yasuoka Noritake , Kasai Nobutami , Kakudo Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The high-mp isomer crystal of bis-(1,2-diethoxycarbonyl-ethyl)tin dibromide (mp 122–123°C) is monoclinic: a=19.46, b=10.25, c=13.20 Å, β=121.1°; space group C2⁄c; four molecules are contained in a unit cell. The molecule has the C2 symmetry. The tin atom lies on the two-fold axis, and the coordination about the tin atom is nearly octahedral. Similar to the low-mp isomer, two bromine atoms attached to the tin atom are in cis-positions; also, two ligands, both 1,2-diethoxy-carbonyl-ethyl groups, are bound to the tin atom by oxygen and carbon atoms, forming rather puckered five-membered rings. Both rings are in either the d- or l-form, instead of consisting of one d- and one l-form, as in the low-mp isomer.
Effects of Metallic Surfaces on the Thermal Decomposition of Ethane
Authors: Nishiyama Yoshiyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of ethane was conducted in a static system at 700°C, using a silica vessel packed with a sheet of metal. Various sorts of metals were tested. The rate of ethylene formation decreased notably in the presence of metals as compared with the rate in an unpacked vessel, the decrease being larger at lower pressures. The activity of metals to reduce the rate was in order: Zr&gt;Ti&gt;Fe&gt;Cu&gt;W,Ag&gt;Pt,Mo. The rate of methane formation did not change with the packing of metals. The main reactions were assumed to be radical reactions in the gas phase. From the observed order of reaction, it was concluded that the action of metal is to catalyze the recombination of hydrogen atoms and therefore to terminate the radical-chain reactions. A similar action was noted in hydrogen dissolved in a titanium sheet.