bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Unusual Corynebacterium mucifaciens isolated from ear and nasal specimens
Authors: Morinaka Setsuko , Kurokawa Manabu , Nukina Masafumi , Nakamura Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2006

ObjectiveCorynebacterium mucifaciens was first proposed as a novel Corynebacterium species in 1997. This report describes our experience with the unexpectedly frequent isolation of C mucifaciens.Study DesignBy using agar supplemented with several antibiotics, microbiological studies were performed on specimens collected from the ear and nose.SettingA primary and secondary referral hospital.ResultsThe organisms grew slowly. Five strains of C mucifaciens were found in specimens of middle ear effusion (MEE) from patients with otitis media with effusion (OME), and four strains were isolated from the nasal polyps and nasal discharge of patients with chronic sinusitis (CRS).ConclusionsC mucifaciens was isolated from nine otorhinological specimens.SignificanceThis is the first report about the isolation of C mucifaciens from MEE, nasal polyps, and nasal discharge. Although its pathogenetic role is unknown, the characteristics of this microorganism might make it a potential cause of OME and/or CRS, so further studies are necessary.EBM rating: C‐4
Human serum for tissue engineering of human nasal septal cartilage
Authors: Alexander Thomas H. , Sage August B. , Schumacher Barbara L. , Sah Robert L. , Watson Deborah 
Published: September 2006

ObjectiveTo compare the chondrogenic and proliferative effects of pooled human serum (HS) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) on tissue‐engineered human nasal septal chondrocytes.Study Design and SettingHuman chondrocytes were expanded for one passage in monolayer in medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 2% HS, 10% HS, or 20% HS. Cells were then suspended in alginate beads for 3D culture for 2 weeks with 10% FBS, 2% HS, 10% HS, or 20% HS.ResultsMonolayer cell yields were greater with HS than FBS. In alginate, cellular proliferation, glycosaminoglycan production per cell, and type II collagen were significantly higher with 10% HS compared to 10% FBS controls.ConclusionHS results in increased proliferation and production of cartilaginous extracellular matrix by tissue‐engineered human nasal septal chondrocytes, compared to FBS controls.SignificanceCulture with human serum may facilitate creation of neocartilage constructs that more closely resemble native tissue.
Using Learning Style Preferences for Perioperative Clinical Education
Authors: Brazen Linda , Roth Rosemary Ann 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTIndividuals who use the assimilator learning style prefer to use abstract conceptualization and reflective observation in learning situations. They are logical thinkers who evaluate and carefully observe situations and concepts rationally before making judgments. The authors constructed theoretical models that perioperative nurses who are assimilators could follow in learning important concepts, such as recommended practices. AORN J 61 (Jan 1995) 189–195.
Systems Approach to Resolving Conduct Issues Among Staff Members
Authors: Thorsness Remar , Sayers Betty 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACTThis article describes the outcomes of a foundation grant directed toward strengthening hospital nursing groups to improve patient care. The OR director and the grant‐sponsored group facilitator at MeritCare Hospital, Fargo, ND, describe a systems approach to resolving pervasive conduct issues (eg, verbal abuse) in the surgical suite, thereby cultivating a positive work environment for perioperative staff members. AORN J 61 (Jan 1995) 197–209.
QUEENSHIP IN EARLY MODERN ENGLAND AND SCOTLAND
Authors: MCLAREN ANNE 
Published: September 2006

The last medieval queens: English queenship, 1445–1503. By J. L. Laynesmith. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004. Pp. xxviii+294. ISBN 0-19-924 737-4. £35.00.The marrying of Anne of Cleves: royal protocol in Tudor England. By Retha M. Warnicke. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Pp. xiv+343. ISBN 0-521-77037-8. £19.95.Mary of Guise in Scotland, 1548–1560: a political career. By Pamela E. Ritchie. East Lothian: Tuckwell Press, 2002. Pp. xii+306. ISBN 1-86232-184-1. £20.00.My heart is my own: the life of Mary Queen of Scots. By John Guy. London: Fourth Estate, 2004. Pp. xii+574. ISBN 1-84115-752-X. £20.00.Queenship in Britain, 1660–1837. Edited by Clarissa Campbell Orr. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2002. Pp. xii+300. ISBN 0-7190-5769-8. £49.99.Therefore if any man be in christ, let him be a new creature.Old things are passed away: behold, all things are become new.2 Cor. 5:17, Geneva BibleThe Reformation's claim to be, in Patrick Collinson's words, the ‘greatest geological fault line in European civilisation’ rests not on the fact that it proposed a new set of answers to old questions, but rather that it proposed old answers in a new world – the one that came into being with the advent of printing. This confluence transformed the ways in which the yearning for purification and renewal endemic to the religious impulse was enacted and institutionalized during the early modern period. Most radically, the Reformation challenged the socio-political hierarchies of degree, descent, and gender that had ordered medieval society. These hierarchies were most powerfully symbolized by the person of the king. In important ways they were perceived to be embodied in and dependent on him and, through him, on the women who came to be queens. To understand early modern queenship, we must bear this cultural context in mind. Too often, however, historians fail to do so, writing instead of kings and queens in terms more suited to modern political biography. This limits our ability to comprehend not only the phenomenon of kingship, but also – for as long as personal monarchy remained the dominant form of European government – political culture more generally. This review article provides an opportunity to address this historiographical deficiency. I therefore want to begin by sketching out the contours of early modern queenship, before turning my attention to the books under review.
Purification of Densonucleosis Virus by Tangential Flow Ultrafiltration
Authors: Grzenia David L. , Carlson Jonathan O. , Czermak Peter , Han Binbing , Specht Rachel K. , Wickramasinghe S. Ranil 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPurification at commercial scale of viruses and virus vectors for gene therapy applications and viral vaccines is a major separations challenge. Tangential flow ultrafiltration has been developed for protein purification. Here tangential flow ultrafiltration of parvoviruses has been investigated. Because these virus particles are small (18–26 nm), removal of host cell proteins will be challenging. The results obtained here indicate that 30, 50, and 100 kDa membranes reject the virus particles, whereas 300 kDa membranes allow some virus particles to pass into the permeate. The decrease in permeate flux for the 300 kDa ultrafiltration membrane is much greater than for the 30, 50, and 100 kDa membranes, indicating possible entrapment of virus particle in the membrane pores. The permeate flux and level of protein rejection is strongly affected by the cell culture growth medium. The results indicate that when developing a new process, it is essential that the cell culture and purification operations be developed in parallel.
Role of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in diffuse axonal injury
Authors: Ezaki Y. , Tsutsumi K. , Morikawa M. , Nagata I. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose: To determine whether the signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), T2*-weighted gradient echo (GE) imaging, and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in diffuse axonal injury (DAI) patients correlate with the clinical outcome. Material and Methods: We diagnosed patients with DAI based on the following criteria: 1) a loss of consciousness from the time of injury that persisted beyond 6 h; 2) no apparent hemorrhagic contusion on computed tomography (CT); 3) the presence of white matter injury on MRI. Twenty-one DAI patients were analyzed (19 M, 2 F, mean age 34 years) with MRI (FLAIR, T2*-weighted GE imaging, and DWI). Results: 325 abnormalities were detected by MRI within a week after injury. The T2*-weighted GE imaging was significantly more sensitive than FLAIR and DWI in diagnosing DAI. DWI detected only 32% of all lesions, but could depict additional shearing injuries not visible on either T2*-weighted GE imaging or FLAIR. The mean number of lesions in brainstem detected by DWI in the favorable group (good recovery/moderately disabled) was significantly smaller than in the unfavorable group (severely disabled/vegetative survival/death). This trend was not observed on the T2*-weighted GE imaging and FLAIR findings. Conclusion: DWI cannot detect all DAI-related lesions, but is a potentially useful imaging modality for both diagnosing and assessing patients with DAI.
A simple technique for shoulder arthrography
Authors: Berná-Serna J. D. , Redondo M. V. , Martínez F. , Reus M. , Alonso J. , Parrilla A. , Campos P. A. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose: To present a systematic approach to teaching a technique for arthrography of the shoulder. Using an adhesive marker-plate with radiopaque coordinates, precise sites for puncture can be identified and the need for fluoroscopic guidance obviated. Material and Methods: Forty-six glenohumeral arthrograms were performed in 45 patients; in 1 case involving examination of both shoulders. The stages of the technique are described in detail, as are the fundamental aspects of achieving an effective glenohumeral injection. Pain intensity was measured in all patients using a verbal description scale. Results: Shoulder arthrography was successful in all cases. Average time taken for the procedure was 7 min, with no difference in the respective times required by an experienced radiologist and a resident. The procedure was well tolerated by most patients, with slight discomfort being observed in a very few cases. Conclusion: The arthrographic technique used in this study is simple, safe, rapid, and reproducible, and has the advantage of precise localization of the site for puncture without need for fluoroscopic guidance. The procedure described in this study can be of help in teaching residents and can reduce the learning curve for radiologists with no experience in arthrographic methods. It also reduces the time of exposure to fluoroscopy.
Impact of the number of readers on mammography interpretation
Authors: Hukkinen K. , Kivisaari L. , Vehmas T. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of the number of readers on sensitivity and specificity, and compare it with conference consensus reading. Material and Methods: Eight readers read mammography films of 200 women (including 35 false-negative and 16 screen-detected cancers). The sensitivities and specificities of the two methods were calculated: either at least a single cancer-positive opinion within the group (summarized independent reading) or the cancer-positive opinion of the reader majority (conference consensus reading) was considered decisive. Results: The mean sensitivity for summarized independent readings of different groups was 64.7% as compared to the 43.1% mean sensitivity of conference consensus readings. The mean specificities were 92.4% and 97.7%, respectively. The greatest sensitivity of 74.5% was achieved when the readings of the four best-performing readers were combined. Conclusion: The sensitivity of reading is maximal when any positive opinion within a pair or a group of readers is taken into consideration. Discordant double reading may best be judged as screening positive, and the value of a third opinion should be questioned.
The iodinated radiographic contrast medium iohexol mimics the vasodilator effect seen with small increases in extracellular K+ in the isolated rabbit central ear artery
Authors: Frønes S. , Støen R. , Gregersen M. , Refsum H. , Krane J. , Karlsson J. O. G. 
Published: September 2006

Purpose: To investigate whether iodinated radiographic contrast media (IRCM) mimic the hyperpolarizing and vasodilator effects of K+ by comparing the vasodilator effect of a transient rise in extracellular K+ with that of the IRCM iohexol. Material and Methods: Immersed rabbit central ear arterial rings with and without endothelium and pre-contracted with phenylephrine (PE) were used to investigate the dependency of the endothelium in K+-induced vasodilatation. Perfused rabbit central ear arteries, pre-contracted with PE, were used to study the effects of bolus administrations of the IRCM iohexol or KCl on arterial tone under conditions that mimic those employed during clinical arteriography. Results: A small rise in K+ caused an endothelium-independent and ouabain-sensitive relaxation of PE-constricted rabbit central ear artery rings. The relaxation was not changed in the presence of barium. The IRCM iohexol and KCl, injected as boluses into perfused PE-constricted rabbit ear arteries, caused transient decreases in perfusion pressure. Iohexol- and K+-induced pressure decreases were significantly reduced in the presence of 10 µM ouabain alone or in combination with 30 µM barium. Neither iohexol- nor K+-induced pressure decrease was significantly changed in the presence of barium alone compared to controls. Conclusion: The vasodilator effect of IRCM mimics the vasodilator effect seen upon small increase in extracellular K+. Under the experimental conditions employed in the present study, a considerable part of the IRCM-induced vasodilatation appears to be due to activation of Na+/K+-ATPase in the smooth muscle cells.
Visually Enhanced Vestibulo‐Ocular Reflex: A Diagnostic Tool for Migraine Vestibulopathy
Authors: Arriaga Moisés A. , Chen Douglas A. , Hillman Todd A. , Kunschner Lara , Arriaga Rebecca Y. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectives: 1) To compare the incidence of elevated visually enhanced vestibular‐ocular reflex (VVOR) rotational gain during rotational chair testing in a normal control group versus a group of patients diagnosed with migraine vestibulopathy; 2) to discuss the possible application of VVOR gain during rotational chair testing for diagnosing migraine vestibulopathy.Study Design: Prospective normal control group and retrospective cohort comparison.Methods: 1) Prospective rotational chair studies including VVOR in 20 normal control patients; 2) retrospective review of vestibular studies including VVOR in 100 consecutive patients with migraine vestibulopathy.Results: Twenty of the normal controls and 69 of the migraine vestibulopathy patients met all inclusion criteria. One of 20 (5%) normal control patients had elevated VVOR gain, whereas 49 of 69 (71%) of migraine vestibulopathy patients had elevated VVOR gain.Conclusions: VVOR gain normal criteria were appropriate in 95% of our normal control test group. VVOR gain was more frequently elevated in migraine vestibulopathy patients than in the normal controls, and the difference was significant (P < .001). VVOR gain elevation was the most common vestibular test abnormality in this cohort of patients with migraine vestibulopathy. Because VVOR measures visual‐vestibular interaction and its central connections, this parameter may be a useful diagnostic tool for migraine vestibulopathy in patients manifesting disequilibrium and motion sensitivity.
Glucocorticoids Inhibit Diastrophic Dysplasia Sulfate Transporter Activity in Otosclerosis by Interleukin‐6
Authors: Imauchi Yutaka , Lombès Marc , Lainé Pascale , Sterkers Olivier , Ferrary Evelyne , Grayeli Alexis Bozorg 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHypothesis/Objective: Otosclerosis is a bone remodeling disorder localized to the otic capsule and associated with inflammation. In vitro, increased activity of the diastrophic dysplasia sulf/te transporter (DTDST), which is implicated in bone metabolism, has been reported. Because glucocorticoids modulate the bone turnover and inhibit inflammatory processes, we investigated the effect of dexamethasone (Dex) on interleukin‐6 and DTDST in otosclerosis.Study Design: The authors conducted a prospective, case–control study.Materials and Methods: Primary cell cultures were obtained from stapes and external auditory canals in otosclerosis (n = 21) and control patients (n = 18). Assays with [3H]Dex evaluated specific binding sites in otosclerotic and control stapes. The effects of Dex (10−9 to 10−6 M) and RU486 (10−7 M), a glucocorticoid antagonist, were studied on DTDST activity by sulfate uptake. IL‐6 secretion was measured in culture media before and after Dex (10−7 M, 24 hours). The effect of IL‐6 (10−7 M, 24 hours) was assessed on DTDST activity in control stapes.Results: The number of specific Dex‐binding sites was similar in all stapedial cultures. Dex inhibited DTDST activity (19.4 ± 1.02 vs. 29.4 ± 3.94 pmol/μg prot/5 minutes) only in otosclerotic stapes. This effect was dose‐dependent, antagonized by RU 486 and only observed 24 hours after Dex exposure. Interleukin (IL)‐6 stimulated DTDST activity in normal stapes, whereas Dex inhibited IL‐6 production only in otosclerotic stapes.Conclusion: Dex inhibits the DTDST activity, at least in part, through a reduction of IL‐6 secretion only in otosclerotic cells. This effect is mediated through the glucocorticoid receptors and may lead to the reduction of bone turnover.
Organotypic (Raft) Culture of Biopsy‐Derived Upper Respiratory Epithelium
Authors: Schweinfurth John Mark , Meyers Craig 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: The objective of this study was to derive a reliable technique for culturing biopsy‐derived upper respiratory epithelium in a system that supports epithelial differentiation and simulates the normal epithelial life cycle.Study Design: The authors conducted a prospective study of modification and development of an in vitro tissue culture method.Methods: Thirty biopsy specimens from 16 individuals with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis and chronic tonsillitis, pretreated to prevent bacterial and fungal overgrowth, were digested with trypsin to create a supernatant of individual cells. The cells were plated and incubated. At 14 to 16 days, the resulting colonies were placed on a wire cloth raft and fed through diffusion from the underlying culture medium in an air–liquid interface.Results: Eight specimens were successfully cultured for an average of over 32 days. The longest duration of sustained growth was 60 days. Low‐risk human papillomavirus specimen‐based cultures reproduced infection in cultured squamous epithelium with corresponding histopathologic features indicating a high level of stratification and differentiation.Conclusions: Unlike commercially available cell lines, biopsy‐derived material is predisposed to contamination, and successful in vitro culture and experimentation creates many unique challenges. An organotypic culture system, capable of reproducing the differentiation‐dependent replication cycle of human papillomavirus, may be used for culturing biopsy‐derived specimens for a variety of studies.
Retropharyngeal Pseudomeningocele Presenting as Dysphagia After Atlantooccipital Dislocation
Authors: Cognetti David M. , Enochs W Scott , Willcox Thomas O. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEducational Objective: At the conclusion of this paper, the readers should be able to recognize a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele as a potential complication of atlanto occipital dislocation.Objectives: To demonstrate how a retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele may present as dysphagia in a patient who is recovering from atlanto occipital dislocation as well as to discuss the treatment options in this situation.Study Design: Case report and literature review.Methods: Analysis of a case through medical record and literature review.Results: A retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele is a very rare complication of atlanto occipital dislocation. It may develop weeks after the initial injury and can present with respiratory or swallowing difficulties. Decompression via a ventriculoperitoneal or lumboperitoneal shunt facilitates resolution of the cerebral spinal fluid collection.Conclusions: A retropharyngeal pseudomeningocele should be considered in all patients status post‐atlanto occipital dislocation who are experiencing respiratory distress or dysphagia.
Vocal Fold Healing after Laser Cordectomy with Adjuvant Cryotherapy
Authors: Knott P Daniel , Byrd Michael C. , Hicks David G. , Strome Marshall 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjectives: To understand the effect of adjuvant cryotherapy on glottic wound healing after endoscopic CO2 laser cordectomy.Study Design: Canine acute injury model with videolaryngostroboscopic and histopathologic outcomes analysis.Methods: Twelve adult male dogs underwent bilateral endoscopic CO2 laser transmuscular cordectomy followed by randomized unilateral endoscopic glottic cryotherapy. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and underwent videolaryngostroboscopy followed by sacrifice at 0, 2, 6, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Three untreated male dogs served as controls. Histopathologic sections were prepared with Alcian blue, Giemsa, hematoxylin‐eosin, movat's, Masson's trichrome, and picrosirius stains.Results: Videostroboscopy demonstrated an earlier restoration of glottic volume and a return of mucosal waves among vocal folds treated with combined therapy by 6 weeks posttreatment. The mean depth of inflammatory reaction in the vocal cords treated with combined therapy was 1.07 mm versus 1.15 mm in vocal cords treated with CO2 laser therapy alone. At 2 and 6 weeks postoperatively, combined treatment was associated with a decreased volume of collagen. At 12 weeks postoperatively, combined treatment was associated with greater collagen organization, normalized collagen histoarchitecture, and decreased keratinization.Conclusions: Adjuvant cryotherapy appears to alter glottis‐specific wound healing, leading to decreased and more organized collagen formation and decreased keratinization with a resultant improvement in glottic function, when compared with CO2 laser surgery alone, in an acute canine injury model. Studies in humans are ongoing to further evaluate the clinical potential of cryotherapy on glottic wound healing.
Lateral Tympanoplasty for Total or Near‐Total Perforation: Prognostic Factors
Authors: Angeli Simon I. , Kulak Jessica L. , Guzmán Jose 
Published: September 2006

AbstractObjective: To identify prognostic factors affecting outcome in lateral tympanoplasty for total or near‐total tympanic membrane perforation.Study Design: Retrospective case series.Methods: Patients were those presenting with total or near‐total tympanic membrane perforation undergoing lateral tympanoplasty from 1999 to 2004. We systematically collected demographic, clinical, audiologic, and outcome information. Student t test was used to determine group differences. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between success of grafting (dependent variable) and the independent variables. Multiple regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG) and independent variables.Results: There were seventy‐seven cases (58 primary and 19 revision cases) with average follow‐up of 17 months. Successful tympanic membrane grafting occurred in 91% of cases. None of the independent variables studied was predictive of the success of graft incorporation (P > .05). The mean preoperative ABG was 29.8 ± 10 dB and improved to a postoperative ABG of 16.5 ± 11 dB (P < .001). Smaller preoperative ABG and normal malleus handle were associated with smaller postoperative ABG. In revision cases, mastoidectomy was associated with better functional results.Conclusions: Successful grafting of near‐total and total tympanic membrane perforations occurred in 91% of the cases and was independent of demographic, disease, and technical variables. Disease variables (preoperative ABG and status of malleus handle) had a greater prognostic value on postoperative ABG than other variables. In revision tympanoplasty, mastoidectomy is associated with a better functional outcome.