bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE EFFECT OF ORAL ADMINISTRATION OF NORETHISTERONE IN OLIGOSPERMIC MALES
Authors: Apostolakis M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of norethisterone (20 mg daily per os for 25-70 days) in 6 oligospermic males has been studied. As a result of this treatment:
1) The gonadotrophin excretion in all subjects fell significantly within two weeks and remained low as long as the steroid was administered. 2) In two cases a significant decrease of 17-ketosteroid excretion occurred, the other four subjects remaining, however, virtually unaffected in this respect. 3) No statistically significant effect on 17-hydroxycorticosteroid and oestrogen excretion could be demonstrated. 4) Azoospermia was observed in 5 subjects, the sixth also showing a substantial decrease in spermatozoa concentration. 5) It was further observed that the decrease of gonadotrophin excretion preceded (4 cases), or coincided (2 cases) with the reduction of the sperm count. In no single case did the diminution of the spermatozoa concentration in the semen precede the fall in the amount of gonadotrophin in the urine. 6) No effect on the concentration of fructose in the sperm plasma was noted.
FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR THE EXISTENCE OF SEVERAL ACTIVE COMPONENTS IN SHEEP PITUITARY INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONE
Authors: Jutisz Marian , Squire Phil G. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Studies of the chromatographic behaviour of ovine interstitial cell-stimulating hormone (ICSH) on hydroxylapatite have confirmed and extended the concept of the existence of a multiplicity of physico-chemically distinguishable protein components possessing equal biological activity.
EXPERIMENTAL INDUCTION OF MAMMOGENESIS AND LACTOGENESIS IN THE DWARF MOUSE
Authors: Pissott Lillian E. , Nandi Satyabrata 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The response of the mammary glands to exogenous hormones was studied in genetically hormone-deficient intact dwarf mice. Some ductal growth was observed after the administration of thyroxin alone or in combination with ovarian and adrenocortical steroids. Combinations of steroids without thyroxin did not induce appreciable growth of the mammary gland. Addition of pituitary somatotrophin or mammotrophin to the combinations containing steroids and thyroxin resulted in further ductal stimulation and some alveolar development.
Lactogenesis could be induced in the mammary glands of dwarf mice by injecting an initial hormone combination which would result in lobuloalveolar development and following this by a combination of pituitary and adrenocortical hormones which induces milk secretion. The most effective treatment for the induction of lactogenesis was oestradiol-17β + progesterone + cortisol acetate + mammotrophin + somatotrophin + thyroxin followed by mammotrophin + somatotrophin + cortisol acetate. Mammotrophin and somatotrophin were observed to be equally effective in inducing mammogenesis and lactogenesis in the dwarfs.
The response of the mammary gland of the dwarf mouse to exogenous pituitary hormones (excluding thyroxin-containing combinations) seems similar to that of hypophysectomized mice of various strains in which the mammary cancer incidence is high in virgin as well as breeding females.
The significant growth of mammary glands as a result of thyroxin treatment alone and the increased mammogenic effect of thyroxin-containing steroid combinations suggest that thyroxin promotes manufacture and/or release of somatotrophin and gonadotrophin from the anterior pituitary glands of dwarf mice.
GROWTH HORMONE AND RADIO-SULFATE INCORPORATION IN COSTAL CARTILAGE
Authors: Collins Elliott J. , Baker Vernon F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The characteristics and nature of the effect of growth hormone on the incorporation of radio-sulfate into the costal cartilage of hypophysectomized rats has been studied. The time-response studies indicate that a reliable estimation of growth hormone activity can be ascertained within a 24 hour period, and a reproducible dose-related response can be obtained at dosage levels ranging from 12-48 μg. Growth hormone stimulates the synthesis of organic sulfates and accumulation of inorganic sulfates within 48 hours.
TREATMENT OF UNDESCENDED TESTIS WITH HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN
Authors: Bergstrand C. G. , Qvist O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
During the period 1953 to 1960, 52 boys with cryptorchism were treated with human chorionic gonadotrophin. The majority of patients were treated after the age of eleven. The material presented is in several respects a selected one as patients with retractile testes and with mechanical obstruction to the descent were as far as possible excluded. The total dose of gonadotrophin varied between 6600 and 17400 IU which is considered a moderate dose. The results was satisfactory with regard to testicular position, size and consistency in only 10 patients or expressed in terms of individual testes in 16 cases. Factors that may have influenced the incidence of descent are discussed.
DETERMINATION OF PLASMA TESTOSTERONE
Authors: Oertel Georg W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A chemical method for the determination of testosterone in plasma is described. In this method testosterone is separated by paper chromatography. After further purification by chromatography on aluminum oxide a micro modification of the reaction of Koenig et al. (1941) is applied for quantitation. By the present procedure as little as 0.2 μg testosterone can be determined with adequate accuracy in appropriate plasma volumes.
ADRENAL STEROID SYNTHESIS IN AMYLOID DEGENERATION LOCALISED EXCLUSIVELY TO THE ZONA RETICULARIS
Authors: Ofstad J. , Lamvik J. , Støa K. F. , Emberland R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a 47-year-old male suffering from bronchiectasis, pulmonary fibrosis and renal amyloidosis, post-mortem examination of the adrenals revealed amyloid degeneration of the zona reticularis, the other adrenocortical zones being apparently intact.
A thorough analysis of the endocrine functions during the last period of his life showed an abnormally low production of C19-steroids, even following corticotrophin stimulation. The formation of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was found to be normal, while, on the other hand, the aldosterone excretion was elevated. These findings may imply that the synthesis of adrenal C19-steroids takes place in the reticular zone, while the C21-steroids apparently can be formed predominantly in the zona fasciculata.
RELATIVE THYMOLYTIC ACTIVITIES OF CORTISOL AND PREDNISOLONE DERIVATIVES IN THE ADRENALECTOMIZED RAT
Authors: Dorfman Ralph I. , Dorfman Adeline S. , Agnello E. J. , Figdor S. K. , Laubach G. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A two-day assay using immature male adrenalectomized rats, is described for the determination of thymolytic activity of steroids which has a mean index of precision of 0.26.
The relative potencies of 14α-hydroxy, Δ6-dehydro, and certain water soluble derivatives of cortisol and prednisolone are reported.
THE ANABOLIC, ANDROGENIC AND ANTIGONADOTROPHIC PROPERTIES OF FIVE SYNTHETIC 19-NORTESTOSTERONE ANALOGS
Authors: Perrine J. W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anabolic, androgenic and antigonadotrophic properties of 19-nortestosterone analogs were assessed in parabiotic rats. The steroids studied possessed the 17α-side chains: methyl, ethyl, propyl, vinyl or ethynyl. The materials were administered subcutaneously to the castrated male partner in amounts of 50 mg/rat/day, beginning the day the animals were parabiotically united, and continued for 10 days.
An increase or decrease in the length of the two carbon side chain at the 17α-position reduced both the anabolic/androgenic ratio and the ability to inhibit gonadotrophins. Antigonadotrophic activity was maximal when the 17α-side chain was an ethynyl configuration; however, none of the 19-norsteroids tested was as active as testosterone in inhibiting ovarian growth.
No significant change in ovarian or uterine weight was observed in the nonparabiotic animals given 167 mg of 17α-ethyl-19-nortestosterone per day for three days.
EFFETS DE LA FLUOXYMESTERONE ET DE LA METHYLTESTOSTERONE APPLIQUEES PAR VOIE ORALE CHEZ LE RAT MALE HYPOPHYSECTOMISE
Authors: Krähenbühl Ch. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Fluoxymesterone and methyltestosterone, given by oral route, display the following properties in the male hypophysectomized rat:
The activity of fluoxymesterone, as compared with that of methyltestosterone, shows a ratio of 9 : 1 in the bulbocavernosus muscle, 5 : 1 in the seminal vesicle, and 1 : 1 in the ventral prostate, all these three sites being androgenic receptors; the activity ratio in the levator ani muscle, an anabolic receptor, is 16 : 1.
Whereas methyltestosterone does not exert any significant action on the testicles when given in a dose that is definitely androgenic, fluoxymesterone produces growth of the gonad and multiplication of the cells of the seminiferous tubules when administered in a threshold dose as regards effect on the sexual adnexa. This spermatogenic effect, which is of very variable degree, leads in some cases to the formation of mature spermatozoa; it represents a reactivation and not merely a maintenance of this process.
These observations shed fresh light on the action of these two androgens, indicating a qualitative difference between them.
PERINATAL MORTALITY IN DIABETIC PREGNANCY
Authors: Brandstrup Ebbe , Osler Mogens , Pedersen Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The length of treatment in the ward during the latter part of pregnancy has a considerable influence on the perinatal mortality in diabetic pregnancy. Thus, in the present New Series (1946–1960) comprising 486 babies the mortality decreased from 29 to 18 and 12 per cent respectively, when the series was divided in three groups with increasing length of treatment in hospital.
The prognosis for the baby born of a diabetic mother is best in the foetal age group 252–266 days and the birth weight group 3500–3950 g. In the total series of 643 babies (1926–1960) 106 babies fulfilled both criteria, and only one of these babies died. The good result in this group did not depend on the length of treatment during the later part of pregnancy, in contradistinction to the mortality outside the favourable group.
An attempt to define maternal factors which might determine the baby being born just with the ideal weight and age was unsuccessful. At the present the cause of the low »inborne« mortality of this group is unknown. From a practical point of view it is of interest that whenever a baby of a diabetic mother is born with a foetal age of 252–266 days and a birth weight of 3500–3950 g it is practically certain that it will not die during the neonatal period.
FAMILIAL DIABETES AND PERINATAL MORTALITY IN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: Nygaard A. , Felbo M. , Pedersen J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In a study of 173 pregnancies in 130 diabetic mothers of White's groups B, C and D who had received long-term treatment during pregnancy, the authors found cases of diabetes – in addition to the mother – in the maternal family, in the father and his family, or in the maternal as well as paternal family in a total of 100 pregnancies (57 %). The perinatal mortality was only slightly – and not significantly – higher among infants whose families included other diabetics than the mother. This higher mortality was found only among male infants of whom there was a preponderance in pregnancies with familial diabetes, but this was also not statistically significant. Thus, the result indirectly indicates that the primary cause of the high mortality among the infants of diabetic women must be the fact that the foetus develops in a diabetic environment.
EXCRETION OF OESTRIOL IN THE URINE IN NEWBORN BOYS AND GIRLS AND IN CASES OF CONGENITAL DISLOCATION OF THE HIP
Authors: Borglin N. E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The excretion of oestriol (oestra-1,3,5(10)-triene-3,16α,17β-triol) in the urine during the first few days of life was determined in 21 healthy boys and 23 healthy girls. The excretion was found to vary widely not only between different individuals but also from day to day in one and the same individual. The excretion of oestriol was on the average highest in both sexes on the second day of life. After the third day the excretion fell rapidly. No difference was found between the sexes during the first three days of life. The excretion of oestriol in 18 newborns with congenital dislocation of the hip was of the same order as that in normal infants.
EFFECT OF LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE ON ADRENOCORTICAL AND ADRENAL MEDULLARY FUNCTION IN THE DOG
Authors: Ganong William F. , Goldfien Alan , Halevy Al , Davidson Julian M. , Boryczka Angela 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) on adrenal cortical and medullarv function in anaesthetized dogs has been determined by measuring the output of 17-hydroxycorticoids and epinephrine and norepinepbrine in the adrenal vein before and after the administration of 50 μg/kg of LSD or control injections of saline. A slight rise in 17-hydroxycorticoid secretion was observed following LSD administration; epinephrine and norepinephrine secretion values did not differ significantly from the low values found in the controls. The increase in 17-hydroxycorticoid secretion produced by a subsequent laparotomy and the administration of corticotrophin was unaffected by LSD.
STUDIES ON LUTEINIZING HORMONE RELEASE AND INHIBITION
Authors: Giuliani G. , Martini L. , Pecile A. , Fochi M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Secretion of LH, as measured by ovarian ascorbic acid depletion in mature female rats with luteinized ovaries, is induced by pitressin and adrenaline. Other drugs (pitocin, histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, salycilate, insulin) and stress procedures (formalin, ether anaesthesia, unilateral and total adrenalectomy, laparatomy, asphyxia and electric shock) are without effect in this test.
No LH activity is detectable by the ovarian ascorbic acid method in 0.5 ml of serum of normal female rats; LH becomes detectable in 0.5 ml of serum 2 weeks after castration; high titers of blood LH are observed in female animals which have been castrated for more than 12 months.
No LH is present in the blood of female castrated rats treated with progesterone.
HYPOTHALAMIC LESIONS AND ADRENAL FUNCTION IN THE CAT
Authors: Krieger Dorothy T. , Wagman Irving H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Bilateral electrolytic lesions limited to the median eminence were produced stereotaxically in four cats which had previously shown positive responses (as measured by blood corticoid elevations) to exogenous corticotrophin (ACTH) and insulin hypoglycaemia. Following operation these animals exhibited low basal corticoid levels and an inability to respond to ACTH and an impaired response to stress. At autopsy they showed an increase in adrenal size and stainable cortical lipid. Operated controls had normal responses to both exogenous ACTH and insulin hypoglycaemia and had normal adrenal histology. Thus a lesion of the median eminence depresses adrenal cortical function by interference with release of steroid from the adrenal and not by inducing adrenal atrophy. This may be explained in part by the observation that median eminence lesions interfere with the adrenal response to exogenous ACTH.
EIN VEREINFACHTES VERFAHREN ZUR KLINISCHEN ROUTINEBESTIMMUNG VON OESTROGENEN IM HARN UNTER PAPIERCHROMATOGRAPHISCHER AUFTRENNUNG IN OESTRIOL, OESTRADIOL UND OESTRON
Authors: Thewalt K. , Zimmermann W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A routine method for the determination of urinary oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol has been developed. After acid hydrolysis, extraction, and purification of the extracted material oestrogens are separated into oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol fractions, using paper chromatography in formamide/chlorbenzene. Following the elution of single fractions from paper by means of a special extractor the Ittrich modification of the Kober reaction is applied for fluorimetric quantitation. Recovery of oestrone, oestradiol, and oestriol, added to urine was found to be 86 ± 13.6% for oestrone, 81 ± 6.4 % for oestradiol, and 80 ± 7.5 % for oestriol.
EVALUATION OF ANDROGENIC PROPERTIES OF PROGESTATIONAL COMPOUNDS IN THE RAT BY THE FEMALE FOETAL MASCULINIZATION TEST
Authors: Schöler H. F. L. , de Wachter A. M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A study was made of the effect of nine progestational compounds on the genital tract of female foetuses.
The progestins were injected subcutaneously into pregnant rats from the 15th to the 21st day. The influence of these compounds was studied on the female foetuses by:
I measuring of the ano-genital distance at birth II inspection of the gonads III histological examination of the lower part of the body, the ovaries and the clitoris.
It appears that classification of sex by assuming that the ano-genital distance of more than 3 mm is always of the male species is incorrect, as shown by examination of the gonads. Furthermore that new-borns with a normal ano-genital distance and rightly classified as females may show histological changes in the genital tract, indicative of masculinization.
It is concluded that the study of the masculinizing effect of progestins should be carried out by inspection of the gonads and serial sections of appropriate organs and tissues.
THE INFLUENCE OF ENDEMIC GOITER ON THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY, LABOUR AND PUERPERIUM
Authors: Dokumov Stoyan I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The influence of endemic goiter on the course of pregnancy, labour and birth is still unsettled, the informations in the literature being scanty and incomplete. Investigation into the course of pregnancy, labour and the puerperium on 2101 pregnant women from 4 different areas with different incidence of endemic goiter shows conclusively that endemic goiter has an unfavourable influence on the course of pregnancy, birth and the puerperium. The following conclusions are drawn: Endemic goiter brings about a greater incidence of complications in pregnancy (imminent abortions, early and later toxaemia of pregnancy), an increase in the number of prolonged labours and a decrease in the number of shortened labours, a higher incidence of birth complications (retention of placenta, retention of placental parts, postpartum uterine atony, lacerations of the soft genital tissues) and an increase in the complications of the puerperium.
DISSOZIATION DER BIOLOGISCHEN UND ENZYMINDUZIERENDEN AKTIVITÄTEN VON PREDNISON-21-GLYCYLGLYCINAT UND ANDROST-4-EN-3-ON-17-AMINO
Authors: Oriol-Bosch A. , Voigt K. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
1. The biological effects and the induction of the glutamic-pyruvic-transaminase (G. P. T.) of the liver and of the carbonic-acid-anhydratase (C. A.) of the seminal vesicle produced by the administration of prednisone-21-glycylglycinate (PGG), androst-4-en-3-one-17-amino (aminotestosterone) and the corresponding free steroid alcohols has been investigated in intact and adrenalectomized male golden hamsters and in intact male rats. 2. The administration of PGG has no effect on the survival period in adrenalectomized animals and does not lead to adrenal cortex atrophy in intact animals. However, it increases the weight of the liver and induces an increase of the G. P. T. of the liver significantly. 3. Although aminotestosterone and testosterone increase the concentration of the C. A. of the seminal vesicles to the same degree, aminotestosterone was found to have only very weak androgenic and anabolic activity. 4. The significance of the dissoziation between the enzyme inducing and the biological activities of the compounds studied is discussed.
A COMPARISON OF THE MYOTROPHIC AND ANDROGENIC ACTIVITIES OF THE PHENYLPROPIONATES AND DECANOATES OF TESTOSTERONE AND NANDROLONE
Authors: Overbeek G. A. , de Visser J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparison was made of the anabolic (myotrophic) and androgenic properties of 1. the phenylpropionates of testosterone (17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one) and nandrolone (17β-hydroxy-estr-4-en-3-one) and 2. the decanoates (= caprinates) of testosterone and nandrolone after the subcutaneous injection of a single dose into rats.
The question to what extent scientifically justifiable potency ratios can be calculated is discussed. The difference in activities can in any case, be convincingly shown by means of graphs.
Both nandrolone esters were relatively much more anabolic and less androgenic than the corresponding testosterone esters.
The decanoates had a much longer duration of action than the phenylpropionates.
THE GLUCOSE METABOLISM IN THE ISLETS OF LANGERHANS. I. IN VITRO STUDIES OF THE FATE OF UNIFORMLY 14C-LABELLED GLUCOSE AND FRUCTOSE IN COTTUS QUADRICORNIS L
Authors: Hellman Bo , Larsson Stig 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
By the application of the radio-paperchromatography technique the fate of uniformly 14C-labelled glucose and fructose in the pancreatic islet tissue was studied in vitro. Islet tissue was taken from the teleost Cottus quadricornis L, after microscopical analyses had revealed that the »principal islets« in this species were suitable for biochemical research. For comparative purposes samples from the exocrine portion of the pancreas as well as from the brain and liver were also taken for incubation.
There was a comparatively high rate of glucose utilization in the islet tissue, the corresponding values for the exocrine parenchyma and the liver being much lower. Of the different amino acids formed in the islets by conversion of the glucose in the incubation medium, alanine was found in largest amounts, followed by glutamine, proline, glutamic acid, aspartic acid and arginine. After incubation with fructose, there was a marked decrease in the rate of utilization as compared with glucose. In the latter case the only amino acids formed in measurable amounts in the islet tissue were alanine and proline.
The islet tissue like other endocrine organs so far studied had its own characteristic distribution pattern for the amino acids formed from glucose. This conversion of glucose may perhaps be an important step in the specific function of the islet tissue in providing some of the amino acids necessary for hormone synthesis. Since the other tissues studied in Cottus quadricornis L resembled corresponding tissues in mammalian species, as regards the fate of glucose and fructose, it is probable that some of the observations on glucose and fructose metabolism in the islet tissue also have a more general application.
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE ACTIVITY IN THE UTERI OF MICE UNDER VARIOUS EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Madjerek Z. , van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Compared with the uteri of other species, the uteri of mice showed a rather high carbonic anhydrase activity, with values ranging from 25 to 110 enzyme units per gram of uterine tissue (E. U./g) under various experimental conditions.
In dioestrus, prooestrus and metoestrus the carbonic anhydrase activity of the mouse uterus was almost the same (about 60 E. U./g); during oestrus it was significantly increased (98 E. U./g).
Eight days after castration, uterine carbonic anhydrase activity was not significantly altered (47 E. U./g). Treatment of spayed mice with 0.25 mg progesterone (pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) daily s. c. did not have any significant effect upon uterine carbonic anhydrase (49 E. U./g). Treatment with oestradiol monobenzoate (0.025 μg and 0.1 μg daily s. c. for 7 days) significantly increased the carbonic anhydrase activity (to 109 and 86 E. U./g, respectively). This effect of oestrogen was counteracted by simultaneous administration of progesterone.
These results differ markedly from the results obtained in similar experiments with rats and rabbits.
Deciduomatous uterine horns showed significantly less carbonic anhydrase activity (26 E. U./g) than the control horns without deciduoma (48 E. U./g).