bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Commission 12: Solar Radiation & Structure
Authors: Bogdan Thomas. J. , Pillet Valentin Martínez , Asplund M. , Christensen-Dalsgaard J. , Cauzzi G. , Cram L. E. , Dravins D. , Gan W. , Henzl P. , Kosovichev A. , Mariska J. T. , Rovira M. G. , Venkatakrishnan P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCommission 12 covers research on the internal structure and dynamics of the Sun, the “quiet” solar atmosphere, solar radiation and its variability, and the nature of relatively stable magnetic structures like sunspots, faculae and the magnetic network. There is considerable productive overlap with the other Commissions of Division II as investigations move progressively toward the fertile intellectual boundaries between traditional research disciplines. In large part, the solar magnetic field provides the linkage that connects these diverse themes. The same magnetic field that produces the more subtle variations of solar structure and radiative output over the 11 yr activity cycle is also implicated in rapid and often violent phenomena such as flares, coronal mass ejections, prominence eruptions, and episodes of sporadic magnetic reconnection.The last three years have again brought significant progress in nearly all the research endeavors touched upon by the interests of Commission 12. The underlying causes for this success remain the same: sustained advances in computing capabilities coupled with diverse observations with increasing levels of spatial, temporal and spectral resolution. It is all but impossible to deal with these many advances here in anything except a cursory and selective fashion. Thankfully, theLiving Reviews in Solar Physicsacute; has published several extensive reviews over the last two years that deal explicitly with issues relevant to the purview of Commission 12. The reader who is eager for a deeper and more complete understanding of some of these advances is directed tohttp://www.livingreviews.orgfor access to these articles.
Commission 49: Interplanetary Plasma and Heliosphere
Authors: Webb David F. , Bougeret Jean-Louis , Cane Hilary V. , Cramer Neil F. , Kahler Stephen W. , Kojima Masayoshi , Sanahuja Blai , Vandas Marek , Verheest Frank , von Steiger Rudolf 
Published: March 2007

AbstractCommission 49 covers research on the solar wind, shocks and particle acceleration, both transient and steady-state, e.g., corotating, structures within the heliosphere, and the termination shock and boundary of the heliosphere. During the last three years there was considerable progress made in studies of solar energetic particles, compositional and other signatures in the heliosphere, solar wind pickup ions, the termination shock, which was finally crossed by a spacecraft, and the boundary between the heliosphere and interstellar medium, and in solar wind modeling and space weather. These topics have been summarized here in five articles, each with extensive references that will guide the reader who wants further details. Observations from the following spacecraft have extensively used during this period: Ulysses, Cassini, Voyager 1 and 2, MESSENGER, ACE, Genesis, SOHO, Wind, and RHESSI.
Working Group on Abundances in Red Giants
Authors: Lattanzio John C. , Denissenkov Pavel , Gallino Roberto , Hron Josef , Jørgensen Uffe Graae , Kahane Claudine , Kwok Sun , Smith Verne , Tout Christopher , Wing Robert F. , Zinner Ernst 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDetermining and understanding the abundances seen in red-giant stars has taken a central role in our understanding of many branches of modern astrophysics. Activity in the area continues apace, both in terms of the fundamental physics of the stellar nucleosynthesis as well as its implications for wider fields. A major role of the Working Group has been to facilitate meetings where the fundamental role of these stars can be further understood and exploited by other researchers.
Commission 47: Cosmology
Authors: Lilly Simon , Webster Rachel L. , Campusano L. , Charlot S. , DaCosta L. , Koo D. , Lahav O. , LeFevre O. , Padmanabhan T. , Peacock J. , Suto Y. , Scott D. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract2002–2005 has seen rapid progress in cosmology with the publication of the 1st year WMAP results and analyses of large scale red-shift surveys, ushering in an era of “precision cosmology”. There has been steady progress, too, in the discovery and study of quasars and galaxies in the early Universe.
Division IX: Optical and Infrared Techniques
Authors: Sterken Christiaan , Hearnshaw John B. , Cullum Martin , Dennefeldt Michel , Kudritzki Rolf Peter , Landolt Arlo U. , Lawson Peter R. , Martinez Peter , Nordstrom Birgitta , Ding-qiang Su , Tokovinin Andrei , Udry Stephane 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis document introduces the reports by the Commissions and Working Groups of Division IX.
Commission 25: Stellar Photometry and Polarimetry
Authors: Landolt A. U. , Martinez P. , Bastien P. , Fabrika S. , Gilliland R. , Grundahl F. , Jordi C. , Munari U. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractEven a brief glance at astronomical journals indicates the breadth and depth of observational projects making use of photometric and polarimetric techniques. Examples of ongoing photometric and polarimetric research as related by Commission Members follows. I thank the Commission Members, acknowledged below, for their input.
COMMISSION 5: Documentation and Astronomical Data
Authors: Genova Françoise , Norris Raymond P. , Bessel M.S. , Dluzhnevskaia O. , Jenkner H. , Malkov O. , Murtagh F. , Nakajima K. , Ochsenbein F. , Pence W. , Schmitz M. , Wielen R. , Zhao Y.H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe triennial report of Commission V Documentation and Astronomical Data/Documentation et Données Astronomiques covers 2002–2005 activities, and in particular the activities of the five Working Groups: Working Group Astronomical Data; Working Group Designations; Working Group Libraries; Working Group FITS; Working Group Virtual Observatories; and of Task Force for the Preservation and Digitization of Photographic Plates.
Commission 50: Protection of Existing and Potential Observatory Sites
Authors: Smith Malcolm G. , Storey Michelle , Cohen Jim , Blanco Carlo , Crawford Dave , Isobe Syuzo , Metaxa Margarita , Sullivan Woody 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSignificant and specific progress has been made in protecting major astronomical sites during the last three years. A brief summary is given, along with references to some of the efforts by members of Commission 50 to control light pollution and radio-frequency interference.
Hearing Levels in Patients With Microtia: Correlation With Temporal Bone Malformation
Authors: Ishimoto Shin‐ichi , Ito Ken , Karino Shotaro , Takegoshi Hideki , Kaga Kimitaka , Yamasoba Tatsuya 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the relationship between hearing level and temporal bone abnormalities in patients with microtia.Study Design: Retrospective case series study between 1992 and 2004.Setting: Academic, tertiary care referral medical center.Patients: We evaluated 115 ears of 89 patients (68 males, 21 females; mean age, 11 yr; range, 5‐44 yr) with microtia.Main Outcome Measures: Hearing level was examined in patients with microtia. Developmental abnormalities of the temporal bone were evaluated by Jahrsdoerfer's computed tomography (CT) scoring system using high‐resolution CT (HRCT) scans of the temporal bone. Temporal bone malformation scores were divided into four subgroups: ossicular development, windows connected to the cochlea, aeration of the middle ear cavity, and facial nerve aberration. Patients were divided into the stenosis and atresia groups on the basis of the appearance of the external auditory canal (EAC). We also evaluated the relationships between hearing level and four subtotal scores of the HRCT findings in the stenosis and atresia groups.Results: There was no relationship between hearing level and total points of HRCT scoring system or between hearing level and severity of microtia scored by Marx classification. With regard to subtotal points related to ossicles (4 points), the hearing level in ears with low scores (<2) (64.7 ± 1.6 dB) was significantly different (P = .03) from that in ears with high scores (≥2) (54.0 ± 2.8 dB) in the stenosis group. In the atresia group, the hearing level was 64.3 ± 2.2 dB in ears with low scores and 62.3 ± 1.1 in ears with high scores (P > .5). As for subtotal points related to the windows connected to cochlea (2 points), the hearing level was 64.8 ± 2.6 dB in ears with low scores (0) and 55.9 ± 2.4 dB in ears with high scores (> = 1) in the stenosis group. In the atresia group, the hearing level was 67.7 ± 2.3 dB in ears with low scores and 61.5 ± 1.0 in ears with high scores. There was significant difference between ears with low and high scores in the stenosis group (P = .03) and atresia group (P = .009). There was no significant difference between ears with low and high scores with respect to the subtotal points related to aeration of the middle ear cavity and aberration of the facial nerve.Conclusion: The hearing level in microtic ears correlated with the formation of oval/round windows and ossicular development but not with the degree of middle ear aeration, facial nerve aberration, or severity of microtia. The hearing level can also serve as an indictor, such as the HRCT findings, to determine whether a subject's hearing will likely improve after reconstructive surgery.
Quality of Life 17 to 20 Years After Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty
Authors: Goh Yau H. , Mark Ignatius , Fee Willard E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: To study the long‐term quality of life outcomes of a group of unselected patients for the long‐term effects of uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP).Study Design: Retrospective chart review and telephone survey.Methods: Forty‐nine patients who underwent UPPP between July 1980 and July 1983 and who had their medical records were reviewed and were asked to grade on a visual analogue scale (VAS) the clinical benefits and complications of UPPP after the surgery.Results: Forty‐three (87.8%) males and six (12.2%) female patients were studied. Improvement in snoring, excessive daytime somnolence, and nocturnal arousals were seen after UPPP with decreased effectiveness after time. The most common complication of UPPP was velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) (28.5%); however, dry throat and swallowing difficulty tended to be more severe in those patients who had them. No correlation between the snoring and VPI VAS grades was observed. Forty‐three patients had a preoperative sleep study and 22 patients a postoperative sleep study. There was lack of correlation between the significant subjective clinical improvement and their postoperative polysomnography.Conclusion: When undertaking UPPP, both subjective and objective benefits should be weighed against the risk of long‐term ill effects. Patients should also be warned that the long‐term side effects such as VPI, dry throat, and abnormal swallowing sensation might be more common than previously expected.
Quality of Life in Laryngopharyngeal Reflux Patients
Authors: Siupsinskiene Nora , Adamonis Kestutis , Toohill Robert J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate and compare quality of life (QL) parameters in patients with laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) versus healthy controls, to determine the impact of clinical signs to QL, and to assess changes in QL parameters after treatment.Study Design: Prospective, open, clinical study.Material and Methods: One hundred outpatients with LPR and 109 healthy voice controls were enrolled. LPR patients underwent endoscopy and received omeprazole for 3 months. Results of endoscopy revealed 79 patients without esophagitis and 21 with, giving two subgroups of LPR patients. QL was evaluated using voice handicap index (VHI), hospital anxiety and depression scale, disability in social activities, and well‐being in general (W‐BVAS).Results: The mean scores for total VHI and functional, physical, and emotional functioning domain subscales were found to be significantly higher in LPR patients versus controls (P < .0001), with no difference among LPR subgroups. Abnormal anxiety was one third in both LPR subgroups versus 6.4% of controls (P < .001). Both LPR subgroups patients had significantly reduced social activities and significantly lower mean W‐BVAS score than controls. LPR symptoms had a significant relation with all tested QL parameters, whereas laryngoscopic findings had a significant relation with VHI and W‐BVAS only. All mean QL parameters scores improved after 3‐month omeprazole treatment.Conclusions: QL in LPR patients with or without esophagitis is impaired significantly in many aspects. Impairment of QL is more associated with symptoms than laryngoscopic findings. Treatment with omeprazole significantly improved QL in both LPR subgroups patients.
Tracheal Regeneration After Partial Resection: A Tissue Engineering Approach
Authors: Yamashita Masaru , Kanemaru Shin‐ichi , Hirano Shigeru , Magrufov Akhmar , Tamaki Hisanobu , Tamura Yoshihiro , Kishimoto Masanao , Omori Koichi , Nakamura Tatsuo , Ito Juichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: The aims of this study are to investigate the efficiency of a tissue engineering approach to partial tracheal reconstruction and to improve epithelialization of the reconstructed trachea. The trachea must be resected in some cases of cancer or trauma. Various restructuring techniques are used, with no consensus on the best approach. Two problems that arise when treating tracheal defects by conventional techniques are an inability to regenerate ciliated epithelium at the reconstructed site and having to perform multiple procedures to achieve the desired repair. This study is designed to address these problems.Study Design: Preliminary, an animal experiment.Methods: Surgery was performed on five adult beagles under anesthesia. After the making of a longitudinal cervical skin incision, the trachea was exposed and a circular defect created. A polypropylene and collagen scaffold preclotted with peripheral blood was inserted to the defect site. Postoperatively, the site was evaluated fiberscopically, histologically, and radiographically.Results: All dogs did well postoperatively. Fiberscopic examination showed that the implanted scaffolds were completely covered with regenerated mucosa with capillaries in all cases. Histologic data showed ciliated epithelium regenerated at the operated site from 1 month postoperatively. Newly formed cartilage was detected in the specimens from 8 to 12 postoperative months. Computed tomography images revealed the fine luminal contour of the regenerated site.Conclusions: Good epithelial regeneration was observed after repair of a round tracheal resection using a simple tissue engineering technique, making the technique a good substitute for conventional approaches to tracheal reconstruction in patients with cancer or trauma.
Viscoelasticity of Hyaluronan and Nonhyaluronan Based Vocal Fold Injectables: Implications for Mucosal Versus Muscle Use
Authors: Caton Trace , Thibeault Susan L. , Klemuk Sarah , Smith Marshall E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare biomechanical properties of commonly used vocal fold injectates Cymetra, Radiesse, Restylane, Hylaform, and one investigational injectate, Carbylan‐GSX 5%, to determine suitability for mucosal injection.Study Design: Rheologic investigation.Methods: Oscillatory shear stress was applied to five samples of each injectate using a parallel plate controlled stress rheometer. Shear stress, shear strain, and strain rate associated with the oscillatory shear deformation were computed from the prescribed torque and measured angular velocity; viscoelastic data were obtained on the basis of these functions. Values calculated included elastic shear moduli, viscous moduli, and dynamic viscosity as a function of oscillatory frequency (0.01–150 Hz).Results: Elastic moduli for all samples increased as the frequency increased. Hyaluronan based materials were all comparable with each other and at least an order of magnitude lower than the stiffer and more viscous Cymetra and Radiesse. Carbylan‐GSX 5% was found to have almost identical values to Hylaform with the exception of its mean viscosity, which was noticeably lower.Conclusions: Hyaluronan based biomaterials offer less resistance to flow and stiffness and may be better suited for injections into the mucosa, whereas Cymetra and Radiesse appear to be appropriate for injections into muscle. Viscoelastic properties of Hylaform and Carbylan‐GSX 5% were found to most resemble that of the human vocal fold mucosa.
Genetic and Acquired Prothrombotic Risk Factors and Sudden Hearing Loss
Authors: Capaccio Pasquale , Ottaviani Francesco , Cuccarini Valeria , Bottero Alessandro , Schindler Antonio , Cesana Bruno Mario , Censuales Salvatore , Pignataro Lorenzo 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) is a frequently encountered condition, and various pathogenetic mechanisms have been hypothesized, such as viral infections, autoimmune processes, and ischemic events; however, whatever the cause, impaired cochlear perfusion appears to be the most important event. A number of inherited prothrombotic risk factors and their related genetic alterations have recently been correlated with vascular disorders.Methods: To investigate the mechanisms of vascular thrombosis of the inner ear leading to sudden HL, we examined 100 patients with SSNHL for the presence of acquired or inherited prothrombotic risk factors and 200 healthy volunteers as controls. All of the subjects underwent hematologic examinations, including MTHFR C677T and A1298C, prothrombin G20210A, platelet GlyIIIaA1/A2, V Leiden G1691A genotyping, fibrinogenemia, cholesterolemia, homocystinemia, and folatemia. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood leukocytes using standard methods, and gene mutations were investigated using a LightCycler DNA analyser and polymerase chain reaction.Results: A statistically significant association was found between SSNHL and the MTHFR C677T/A1298C polymorphisms, the prothrombin G20210A transition, and the platelet GlyIIIaA1/A2 and V Leiden G1691A mutations. Furthermore, the SSNHL patients had significantly higher levels of fibrinogenemia, cholesterolemia, and homocystinemia and lower levels of folatemia than the controls (P < .0001).Conclusions: The association between inherited and acquired prothrombotic factors and sudden HL suggests that the microvascular impairment causing SSNHL may be caused by a multifactorial mechanism. All patients with ISSNHL should undergo a comprehensive hematologic investigation of inherited and acquired prothrombotic factors, including MTHFR polymorphisms, the prothrombin transition, and the platelet and V Leiden mutations, to identify a subset of patients at high risk of recurrent HL.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Tinnitus: A Pilot Study
Authors: Smith Jason A. , Mennemeier Mark , Bartel Twyla , Chelette Kenneth C. , Kimbrell Timothy , Triggs William , Dornhoffer John L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: Low‐frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been shown to alleviate tinnitus perception, presumably by inhibiting cortical activity associated with tinnitus. We conducted a pilot study to assess effectiveness of neuronavigated rTMS and its effects on attentional deficits and cortical asymmetry in four patients with chronic tinnitus using objective and subjective measures and employing an optimization technique refined in our laboratory.Study Design: Randomized, placebo‐controlled (sham stimulation) crossover study.Methods: Patients received 5 consecutive days of active, low‐frequency rTMS or sham treatment (using a 45‐degree coil‐tilt method) before crossing over. Subjective tinnitus was assessed at baseline, after each treatment, and 4 weeks later. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) scans were obtained at baseline and immediately after active treatment to examine change in cortical asymmetry. Attentional vigilance was assessed at baseline and after each treatment using a simple reaction time test.Results: All patients had a response to active (but not sham) rTMS, as indicated by their best tinnitus ratings; however, tinnitus returned in all patients by 4 weeks after active treatment. All patients had reduced cortical activity visualized on PET immediately after active rTMS. Mean reaction time improved (P < .05) after active but not sham rTMS.Conclusions: rTMS is a promising treatment modality that can transiently diminish tinnitus in some individuals, but further trials are needed to determine the optimal techniques required to achieve a lasting response. It is unclear whether the improved reaction times were caused by tinnitus reduction or a general effect of rTMS. PET/CT scans immediately after treatment suggest that improvement may be related to reduction of cortical asymmetry associated with tinnitus.
Noise Exposure of the Inner Ear During Drilling a Cochleostomy for Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Pau Hans Wilhelm , Just Tino , Bornitz Matthias , Lasurashvilli Nikoloz , Zahnert Thomas 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjectives: Inserting an electrode array into the cochlea may cause inner ear trauma, which has to be minimized, particularly in cochlear implant patients with substantial residual hearing. Another potential inner ear trauma has, to a large extent, been neglected so far: the acoustic trauma that can occur during cochleostomy using different techniques. In this study, the noise exposure of the inner ear during the drilling procedure was re‐evaluated. In experiments on temporal bones, quantitative measurements of sound pressure level (SPL) were carried out while a cochleostomy for cochlear implantation was drilled.Study Design: Experimental study.Materials and Methods: Acoustic measurements during different drilling procedures were carried out on four human temporal bone preparations equipped with microphones attached to the round window. Special calibrations were carried out, which allowed determination of SPLs affecting the cochlea during the drilling procedure.Results: The highest SPLs measured on the cochlea were recorded when a still‐intact endosteal membrane was touched by the burr. The SPL exceeded 130 dB and reached a level almost comparable with the situation when the ossicular chain is touched by a running burr.Conclusions: In the drilling procedure for a cochleostomy, the inner ear may be affected by very high SPLs, particularly if the endosteal membrane is left intact and comes into contact with the running burr. Of course, the resulting SPLs depend on the drilling speed and the size and characteristics of the burr (larger burrs cause higher SPLs); however, we are of the opinion that the cochlear function is at risk, anyway, if special precaution is not exercised. Even when working with reduced drilling speed, the surgeon should be aware of the high risk in the form of an acoustic trauma, which may endanger residual hearing. Recommendations in terms of “soft surgery” are given in the paper (e.g., the use of microhooks instead of a drill to remove the very last shell of bone covering the cochlea).