bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Visceral Adiposity Is Associated with Serum Retinol Binding Protein‐4 Levels in Healthy Women
Authors: Lee Ji‐Won , Im Jee‐Aee , Lee Hye‐Ree , Shim Jae‐Yong , Youn Byung‐S. , Lee Duk‐Chul 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Retinol binding protein‐4 (RBP4) has been reported to impair insulin sensitivity throughout the body. We investigated the relationship between serum RBP4 levels and adiposity indices as well as metabolic risk variables.Research Methods and Procedure: We recruited a total of 102 healthy women 21 to 67 years old. We assessed body composition by computed tomography and divided the study population into four groups based on body weight and visceral fat area (non‐obese without visceral adiposity, non‐obese with visceral adiposity, obese without visceral adiposity, and obese with visceral adiposity). Serum RBP4 levels were measured by radioimmunoassay.Results: Despite similar levels of total body fat, non‐obese women had lower systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein (LDL)‐cholesterol levels, insulin resistance indices, and RBP4 levels than non‐obese women with visceral adiposity and had higher high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels. Similarly, obese women without visceral adiposity had lower blood pressure, total cholesterol, TG levels, insulin resistance indices, and RBP4 levels than obese women with visceral adiposity. In addition, despite having increased body fat, obese women without visceral adiposity had lower TGs, insulin resistance indices, and serum RBP4 levels than non‐obese women with visceral adiposity. By step‐wise multiple regression analysis, visceral fat areas and LDL‐cholesterol levels independently affected RBP4 levels.Discussion: We determined that serum RBP4 levels are independently associated with visceral fat and LDL‐cholesterol levels. These results suggest that, irrespective of body weight, visceral obesity is an independent predictor of serum RBP4 levels, and RBP4 may represent a link between visceral obesity and cardiovascular disease.
Meta‐Analysis of Genome‐wide Linkage Studies in BMI and Obesity
Authors: Saunders Catherine L. , Chiodini Benedetta D. , Sham Pak , Lewis Cathryn M. , Abkevich Victor , Adeyemo Adebowale A. , de Andrade Mariza , Arya Rector , Berenson Gerald S. , Blangero John , Boehnke Michael , Borecki Ingrid B. , Chagnon Yvon C. , Chen Wei , Comuzzie Anthony G. , Deng Hong‐Wen , Duggirala Ravindranath , Feitosa Mary F. , Froguel Philippe , Hanson Robert L. , Hebebrand Johannes , Huezo‐Dias Patricia , Kissebah Ahmed H. , Li Weidong , Luke Amy , Martin Lisa J. , Nash Matthew , Öhman Miina , Palmer Lyle J. , Peltonen Leena , Perola Markus , Price R. Arlen , Redline Susan , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Stern Michael P. , Stone Steven , Stringham Heather , Turner Stephen , Wijmenga Cisca , Collier David A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to provide an overall assessment of genetic linkage data of BMI and BMI‐defined obesity using a nonparametric genome scan meta‐analysis.Research Methods and Procedures: We identified 37 published studies containing data on over 31,000 individuals from more than >10,000 families and obtained genome‐wide logarithm of the odds (LOD) scores, non‐parametric linkage (NPL) scores, or maximum likelihood scores (MLS). BMI was analyzed in a pooled set of all studies, as a subgroup of 10 studies that used BMI‐defined obesity, and for subgroups ascertained through type 2 diabetes, hypertension, or subjects of European ancestry.Results: Bins at chromosome 13q13.2‐ q33.1, 12q23‐q24.3 achieved suggestive evidence of linkage to BMI in the pooled analysis and samples ascertained for hypertension. Nominal evidence of linkage to these regions and suggestive evidence for 11q13.3‐22.3 were also observed for BMI‐defined obesity. The FTO obesity gene locus at 16q12.2 also showed nominal evidence for linkage. However, overall distribution of summed rank p values <0.05 is not different from that expected by chance. The strongest evidence was obtained in the families ascertained for hypertension at 9q31.1‐qter and 12p11.21‐q23 (p < 0.01).Conclusion: Despite having substantial statistical power, we did not unequivocally implicate specific loci for BMI or obesity. This may be because genes influencing adiposity are of very small effect, with substantial genetic heterogeneity and variable dependence on environmental factors. However, the observation that the FTO gene maps to one of the highest ranking bins for obesity is interesting and, while not a validation of this approach, indicates that other potential loci identified in this study should be investigated further.
Parenting Style and Cultural Influences on Overweight Children's Attraction to Physical Activity
Authors: Lau Patrick W. C. , Lee Antoinette , Ransdell Lynda 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: To investigate the associations among parenting style, gender, Chinese culture, and overweight children's attraction to physical activity.Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 104 parents with overweight children were recruited from six primary schools in Hong Kong, China. Only overweight children in grades 3 through 6 (8 to 12 years of age) were invited to participate. Overweight children were defined and identified using the international cut‐off points stratified by sex and age. Questionnaires were used to assess Children's Attraction to Physical Activity (CAPA), perceived competence, and parental socialization influences.Results: Parental influence, especially father's role modeling, was significantly related to attraction to physical activity in overweight Chinese children. Perceived physical competence was also an important correlate of an overweight child's attraction to physical activity. Gender differences in CAPA were not significant among the Chinese overweight children. However, gender differences were observed in the relationship between parent physical activity orientation and CAPA.Discussion: In addition to a child's perceived competence, father's role modeling can provide additional and significant influence with regard to overweight children's attraction to physical activity. Differences in cultural orientation toward body weight should be considered when explaining overweight children's physical activity.
Genes, Fat Intake, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Quebec Family Study
Authors: Robitaille Julie , Pérusse Louis , Bouchard Claude , Vohl Marie‐Claude 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim of this study was to assess gene‐diet interaction effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors (waist circumference, plasma triacylglycerol, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and fasting glucose concentrations, and diastolic and systolic blood pressure) in the Quebec Family Study cohort.Design: Sixty‐four polymorphisms from 45 candidate genes were studied in 645 subjects. Dietary fat intake was obtained from a 3‐day weighted food record.Results: We observed 18 significant interactions at a p value ≤ 0.01. Among them, the Pro12Ala polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ, alone or in interaction with fat intake, significantly modulated waist circumference (p = 0.0005 for both effects). Additionally, the apolipoprotein E genotype in interaction with fat intake was significantly associated with diastolic and systolic blood pressure (p = 0.01 and p = 0.001, respectively). The ghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism also interacted with dietary fat in its relation to waist circumference and triacylglycerol concentrations (p = 0.0004 and p = 0.005).Discussion: These results suggest that several alleles at candidate genes interact with dietary fat intake to modulate well‐known CVD risk factors. The identification of gene‐diet interaction effects is likely to provide useful information concerning the etiology of CVD.
Stemming the Obesity Epidemic: A Tantalizing Prospect
Authors: Veerman J. Lennert , Barendregt Jan J. , van Beeck Ed F. , Seidell Jacob C. , Mackenbach Johan P. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Obesity is a growing problem worldwide, but there are no good methods to assess the future course of the epidemic and the potential influence of interventions. We explore the behavior change needed to stop the obesity epidemic in the U.S.Research Methods and Procedures: We modeled the population distribution of BMI as a log‐normal curve of which the mean shifts upward with time due to a positive population energy balance. Interventions that decrease food intake or increase physical activity result in more favorable trends in BMI.Results: The recently observed trend in average BMI implies that the average U.S. adult over‐consumes by ∼10 kcal/d. If this trend continues unaltered, obesity prevalence will exceed 40% for men and 45% for women in 2015. To stop the epidemic, it suffices to decrease caloric consumption by ∼10 kcal or walk an extra 2 to 3 minutes per day, on average.Discussion: This leads to a paradox: little behavior change seems sufficient to halt the epidemic, but in practice this proves hard to achieve. The obesogenic environment is the likely culprit. Individuals trying to maintain a healthy weight need to be supported by environments that stimulate physical activity and do not encourage over‐consumption. Research should show what measures are effective.
Physical Activity Assessment With Accelerometers: An Evaluation Against Doubly Labeled Water
Authors: Plasqui Guy , Westerterp Klaas R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis review focuses on the ability of different accelerometers to assess daily physical activity as compared with the doubly labeled water (DLW) technique, which is considered the gold standard for measuring energy expenditure under free‐living conditions. The PubMed Central database (U.S. NIH free digital archive of biomedical and life sciences journal literature) was searched using the following key words: doubly or double labeled or labeled water in combination with accelerometer, accelerometry, motion sensor, or activity monitor. In total, 41 articles were identified, and screening the articles’ references resulted in one extra article. Of these, 28 contained sufficient and new data. Eight different accelerometers were identified: 3 uniaxial (the Lifecorder, the Caltrac, and the CSA/MTI/Actigraph), one biaxial (the Actiwatch AW16), 2 triaxial (the Tritrac‐R3D and the Tracmor), one device based on two position sensors and two motion sensors (ActiReg), and the foot‐ground contact pedometer. Many studies showed poor results. Only a few mentioned partial correlations for accelerometer counts or the increase in R2 caused by the accelerometer. The correlation between the two methods was often driven by subject characteristics such as body weight. In addition, standard errors or limits of agreement were often large or not presented. The CSA/MTI/Actigraph and the Tracmor were the two most extensively validated accelerometers. The best results were found for the Tracmor; however, this accelerometer is not yet commercially available. Of those commercially available, only the CSA/MTI/Actigraph has been proven to correlate reasonably with DLW‐derived energy expenditure.
Waist Circumference Values Are Increasing Beyond Those Expected From BMI Increases
Authors: Elobeid Mai A. , Desmond Renee A. , Thomas Olivia , Keith Scott W. , Allison David B. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective of this investigation was to examine the relationship between BMI and waist circumference (WC) by gender and race subgroups from U.S. population‐based data from 1959 to 2004 and to investigate the trend in WC over calendar time.Research Methods and Procedures: Demographic and anthropometric cross‐sectional data on 30,730 participants 18 to 79 years old across five national surveys were included. We regressed WC on BMI while controlling for age in each time period for blacks and whites by gender.Results: The relationship between BMI and WC as characterized by the slope of the linear regression of WC on BMI does not seem to be changing significantly over time. A small (range, 0.08 to 0.27 cm/yr) increase in WC over time was observed.Discussion: The implications of these findings for public health and for understanding any extant changes in the BMI‐mortality rate relationship remain to be elucidated.
A Comparison of the Characteristics of Injuries Between Obese and Non‐obese Inpatients
Authors: Matter Kristen C. , Sinclair Sara A. , Hostetler Sarah Grim , Xiang Huiyun 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to compare characteristics of injuries between a sample of U.S. obese and non‐obese inpatients.Methods: Discharge records from the 2002 Nationwide Inpatient Sample of the Healthcare Cost and Use Project were analyzed to identify records including an International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification injury diagnosis code (ICD‐9‐CM). Records with an exclusive obesity comorbidity were isolated, and proportionate injury ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to compare the demographics and injury characteristics between obese and non‐obese persons hospitalized for an injury.Results: A total of 160,707 discharge records were analyzed. Type and cause of injury that required hospitalization were significantly associated with obesity status (p < 0.001). Sprains, strains, and dislocations represented significantly higher proportions of injury‐related hospitalizations among obese persons compared with non‐obese persons. By cause of injury, injuries among obese persons were more frequently due to falls, overexertion, and poisonings compared with non‐obese persons.Discussion: Injuries that required hospitalization among obese persons may have injury characteristics distinct from injuries among non‐obese persons.
Deconvolution as a Novel Approach to Analyze Moment‐to‐Moment Free Fatty Acid Release
Authors: Hücking Katrin , Hsu Isabel R. , Ionut Viorica , Bergman Richard N. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: Recent studies have shown that free fatty acid (FFA) release is pulsatile and that this pattern is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system. It is, then, necessary to understand and characterize adipose tissue lipolysis to elucidate its effect on metabolism. In this study, we introduce deconvolution as a method to detect and quantify pulsatile FFA release.Research Methods and Procedures: Octanoate, a medium‐chain fatty acid, was infused in male mongrel dogs (n = 7) to mimic the pulsatile appearance of plasma FFAs. Deconvolution analysis was used to reconstruct the number and timing of infused octanoate pulses from plasma FFA concentrations.Results: Deconvolution analysis was able to reconstruct the exogenously infused pulses of octanoate used to mimic pulsatile appearance of FFAs (pulse frequency, 8 per hour; interpulse interval, 7 minutes). However, determination of pulse mass was less accurate (1.0 ± 0.0 vs. 0.54 ± 0.1 mM). The addition of varying levels of Gaussian noise to non‐oscillatory FFA time series did not lead to detection of extraneous FFA pulses. However, goodness of fit declined with increasing variability.Discussion: These results support the use of deconvolution as an accurate approach to determine the temporal sequence of endogenous FFA release.
A Prospective Study of Breakfast Consumption and Weight Gain among U.S. Men
Authors: van der Heijden Amber A.W.A. , Hu Frank B. , Rimm Eric B. , van Dam Rob M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The aim was to investigate the association between breakfast consumption and long‐term weight gain in an adult male population.Research Methods and Procedures: We evaluated prospective data on 20,064 U.S men, 46 to 81 years of age, who participated in the Health Professionals Follow‐up Study. Data on body weight, dietary factors, and lifestyle variables were obtained by validated questionnaires. We examined weight gain during 10 years of follow‐up.Results: Overall, 5857 men had a weight gain of 5 kg or greater during 10 years of follow‐up. Breakfast consumption was inversely associated with the risk of 5‐kg weight gain after adjustment for age [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.77 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72 to 0.82)], and this association was independent of lifestyle and BMI at baseline [HR = 0.87 (95% CI, 0.82 to 0.93)]. Fiber and nutrient intakes partially explained the association between breakfast consumption and weight gain. The inverse association between breakfast consumption and weight gain was more pronounced in men with a baseline BMI of 25 kg/m2 or lower [multivariate HR = 0.78 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.87)] than in men who were overweight at baseline [HR = 0.92 (95% CI, 0.85 to 1.00)]. Furthermore, we observed that an increasing number of eating occasions in addition to three standard meals was associated with a higher risk of 5‐kg weight gain [HR = 1.15 (95% CI, 1.06 to 1.25, for ≥2 vs. 0 additional eating occasions)].Discussion: These findings suggest that the consumption of breakfast may modestly contribute to the prevention of weight gain as compared with skipping breakfast in middle‐aged and older men.
Three‐Year Weight Change in Successful Weight Losers Who Lost Weight on a Low‐Carbohydrate Diet
Authors: Phelan Suzanne , Wyatt Holly , Nassery Shirine , DiBello Julia , Fava Joseph L. , Hill James O. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate long‐term weight loss and eating and exercise behaviors of successful weight losers who lost weight using a low‐carbohydrate diet.Research Methods and Procedures: This study examined 3‐year changes in weight, diet, and physical activity in 891 subjects (96 low‐carbohydrate dieters and 795 others) who enrolled in the National Weight Control Registry between 1998 and 2001 and reported ≥30‐lb weight loss and ≥1 year weight loss maintenance.Results: Only 10.8% of participants reported losing weight after a low‐carbohydrate diet. At entry into the study, low‐carbohydrate diet users reported consuming more kcal/d (mean ± SD, 1895 ± 452 vs. 1398 ± 574); fewer calories in weekly physical activity (1595 ± 2499 vs. 2542 ± 2301); more calories from fat (64.0 ± 7.9% vs. 30.9 ± 13.1%), saturated fat (23.8 ± 4.1 vs. 10.5 ± 5.2), monounsaturated fat (24.4 ± 3.7 vs. 11.0 ± 5.1), and polyunsaturated fat (8.6 ± 2.7 vs. 5.5 ± 2.9); and less dietary restraint (10.8 ± 2.9 vs. 14.9 ± 3.9) compared with other Registry members. These differences persisted over time. No differences in 3‐year weight regain were observed between low‐carbohydrate dieters and other Registry members in intent‐to‐treat analyses (7.0 ± 7.1 vs. 5.7 ± 8.7 kg).Discussion: It is possible to achieve and maintain long‐term weight loss using a low‐carbohydrate diet. The long‐term health effects of weight loss associated with a high‐fat diet and low activity level merits further investigation.
Effects of Aerobic Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome Improvement in Response to Weight Reduction
Authors: Okura Tomohiro , Nakata Yoshio , Ohkawara Kazunori , Numao Shigeharu , Katayama Yasutomi , Matsuo Tomoaki , Tanaka Kiyoji 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The objective was to test effects of aerobic exercise training on metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) improvement in response to weight reduction.Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 459 overweight and obese women (age, 49 ± 9 years; BMI, 28 ± 3 kg/m2) were recruited for a baseline examination to test the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome prevalence; among these, 67 subjects with MetSyn were treated with 14‐week weight‐loss programs, which included low‐calorie diet and aerobic exercise. The MetSyn was defined according to the Examination Committee of Criteria for “Metabolic Syndrome” in Japan. Maximal oxygen uptake (V̇o2max) during a maximal cycling test was measured as an index of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and after the intervention.Results: In the baseline examination, age‐ and BMI‐adjusted odds ratios for MetSyn prevalence in the low, middle, and upper thirds of V̇o2max were 1.0 (referent), 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.95), and 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.96), respectively (linear trend, p = 0.02). The adjusted odds ratios for MetSyn improvement in the two interventions with diet alone and diet plus exercise were 1.0 and 3.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 17.6; p = 0.04), respectively.Discussion: These results suggest that adding aerobic exercise training to a dietary weight‐reduction program further improves MetSyn (adjusted odds ratio, 3.68) in obese women, compared with diet alone. Further studies on an association between V̇o2max change and MetSyn improvement are needed.
Internal Disinhibition Predicts Weight Regain Following Weight Loss and Weight Loss Maintenance
Authors: Niemeier Heather M. , Phelan Suzanne , Fava Joseph L. , Wing Rena R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjective: The disinhibition scale of the Eating Inventory predicts weight loss outcome; however, it may include multiple factors. The purpose of this study was to examine the factor structure of the disinhibition scale and determine how its factors independently relate to long‐term weight loss outcomes.Research Methods and Procedures: Exploratory factor analysis of the disinhibition scale was conducted on 286 participants in a behavioral weight loss trial (TRIM), and confirmatory factor analysis was conducted on 3345 members of the National Weight Control Registry (NWCR), a registry of successful weight loss maintainers. Multivariate regressions were used to examine the relationships between the disinhibition scale factors and weight over time in both samples.Results: Using baseline data from TRIM, two factors were extracted from the disinhibition scale: 1) an “internal” factor that described eating in response to internal cues, such as feelings and thoughts; and 2) an “external” factor that described eating in response to external cues, such as social events. This factor structure was confirmed using confirmatory factor analysis in the NWCR. In TRIM, internal disinhibition significantly predicted weight loss at 6 months (p = 0.03) and marginally significantly predicted weight loss at 18 months (p = 0.06), with higher levels of internal disinhibition at baseline predicting less weight loss; external disinhibition did not predict weight loss at any time‐point. In NWCR, internal disinhibition significantly predicted one‐year weight change (p = 0.001), while external disinhibition did not.Discussion: These results suggest that it is the disinhibition of eating in response to internal cues that is associated with poorer long‐term weight loss outcomes.