bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deformation history of the eclogite‐ and jadeitite‐bearing mélange from North Motagua Fault Zone, Guatemala: insights in the processes of a fossil subduction channel
Authors: Marroni Michele , Pandolfi Luca , Principi Gianfranco , Malasoma Alessandro , Meneghini Francesca 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn Guatemala, along the northern side of the Motagua Valley, a mélange consisting of blocks of eclogite and jadeitite set in a metaserpentinitic and metasedimentary matrix crops out. The metasedimentary rocks display a complex deformation history that includes four tectonic phases, from D1 to D4. The D1 phase occurs only as a relic and is characterized by a mineral assemblage developed under pressure temperature (P–T) conditions of 1.00–1.25 GPa and 206–263°C. The D2 phase, characterized by isoclinal folds, schistosity and mineral/stretching lineation, developed at P–T conditions of 0.70–1.20 GPa and 279–409°C. The following D3 and D4 phases show deformations developed at shallower structural levels. Whereas the D1 phase can be interpreted as the result of underplating of slices of oceanic lithosphere during an intraoceanic subduction, the following phases have been acquired by the mélange during its progressive exhumation through different mechanisms. The deformations related to the D2 and D3 phases can be regarded as acquired by extrusion of the mélange within a subduction channel during a stage of oblique subduction. In addition, the structural evidences indicate that the coupling and mixing of different blocks occurred during the D2 phase, as a result of flow reverse and upward trajectory in the subduction channel. By contrast, the D4 phase can be interpreted as related to extension at shallow structural levels. In this framework, the exhumation‐related structures in the mélange indicate that this process, probably long‐lived, developed through different mechanisms, active in the subduction channel through time. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluating a new ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system with two types of mulches
Authors: Gosar Borut , Tajnšek Anton , Udovč Andrej , Baričevič Dea 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new, ridge–furrow–ridge rainfall harvesting (RFRRH) system covered with black polyethylene (PE) mulch and black perforated PE mulch was studied in the cultivation of purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea Moench). In the RFRRH system, PE mulch covered two ridges and a furrow between them, which serve as a rainfall harvesting zone. Soil water content, crop yield and production cost effectiveness were evaluated. We conclude that the new RFRRH system could reduce yield and increase material costs, which results in reduced income per hectare. On the other hand, the RFRRH system reduced weed control time and may therefore increase profit per hectare. It supplies at least an equal amount of water in comparison to bare ground (control), and can be used in semi‐humid or humid regions without additional irrigation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extraction and recovery of cerium(IV) along with fluorine(I) from bastnasite leaching liquor by DEHEHP in [C8mim]PF6
Authors: Zuo Yong , Liu Yu , Chen Ji , Li De‐Qian 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ionic liquids (ILs) as environmentally benign solvents have been widely studied in the application of solvent extraction. However, few applications have been successfully industrialized because of the difficult stripping of metal ions or the loss of components of the ILs. More work needs to be done to investigate the extraction behaviour of IL‐based extraction systems. In this work, the extraction behaviour of Ce(IV), Th(IV) and some trivalent rare earth (RE) nitrates by di(2‐ethylhexyl) 2‐ethylhexylphosphonate (DEHEHP) in the IL, 1‐methyl‐3‐octylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C8mim]PF6), was investigated and compared with that in the n‐heptane system. In particular, the effect of F(I) on the extraction mechanism for Ce(IV) and its separation from Th(IV) was investigated. Otherwise, the recovery efficiency of Ce(IV) and F(I) from a practical bastnasite leach liquor was examined using IL based extraction.RESULTS: Similar selectivity (Ce(IV) > Th(IV) ≫ RE(III)) was observed in both the IL and n‐heptane systems. The existence of F(I) had a large negative impact on the extraction and separation of Ce(IV). An identical process for the extraction of Ce(NO3)4 containing F(I) by DEHEHP in both IL and n‐heptane was achieved under appropriate conditions. The Ce(IV) in the IL phase may be quantitatively back extracted and may be recovered as part of high purity CeF3 and cerium sulfate.CONCLUSION: It is possible for IL to act as an environmentally benign solvent for the recovery of Ce(IV) and F(I) from bastnasite in rare earth hydrometallurgy. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Targeted transduction of CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells in nonpurified human mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells
Authors: Liang Min , Pariente Nonia , Morizono Kouki , Chen Irvin S. Y. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundConventional gene‐therapy applications of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) involve purification of CD34+ progenitor cells from the mobilized peripheral blood, ex vivo transduction of the gene of interest into them, and reinfusion of the transduced CD34+ progenitor cells into patients. Eliminating the process of purification would save labor, time and money, while enhancing HSCs viability, transplantability and pluripotency. Lentiviral vectors have been widely used in gene therapy because they infect both dividing and nondividing cells and provide sustained transgene expression. One of the exceptions to this rule is quiescent primary lymphocytes, in which reverse transcription of viral DNA is not completed.MethodsIn the present study, we tested the possibility of targeting CD34+ progenitor cells within nonpurified human mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (mPBMCs) utilizing vesicular stomatitis virus G (VSV‐G) pseudotyped lentiviral vectors, based on the assumption that the CD34+ progenitor cells would be preferentially transduced. To further enhance the specificity of vector transduction, we also examined utilizing a modified Sindbis virus envelope (2.2) pseudotyped lentiviral vector, developed in our laboratory, that allows targeted transduction to specific cell receptors via antibody recognition.ResultsBoth the VSV‐G and 2.2 pseudotyped vectors achieved measurable results when they were used to target CD34+ progenitor cells in nonpurified mPBMCs.ConclusionsOverall, the data obtained demonstrate the potential of ex vivo targeting of CD34+ progenitor cells without purification. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the inter‐instrument and the inter‐laboratory transferability of a tandem mass spectral reference library: 2. Optimization and characterization of the search algorithm
Authors: Oberacher Herbert , Pavlic Marion , Libiseller Kathrin , Schubert Birthe , Sulyok Michael , Schuhmacher Rainer , Csaszar Edina , Köfeler Harald C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA sophisticated matching algorithm developed for highly efficient identity search within tandem mass spectral libraries is presented. For the optimization of the search procedure a collection of 410 tandem mass spectra corresponding to 22 compounds was used. The spectra were acquired in three different laboratories on four different instruments. The following types of tandem mass spectrometric instruments were used: quadrupole‐quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight (QqTOF), quadrupole‐quadrupole‐linear ion trap (QqLIT), quadrupole‐quadrupole‐quadrupole (QqQ), and linear ion trap‐Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (LIT‐FTICR). The obtained spectra were matched to an established MS/MS‐spectral library that contained 3759 MS/MS‐spectra corresponding to 402 different reference compounds. All 22 test compounds were part of the library. A dynamic intensity cut‐off, the search for neutral losses, and optimization of the formula used to calculate the match probability were shown to significantly enhance the performance of the presented library search approach. With the aid of these features the average number of correct assignments was increased to 98%. For statistical evaluation of the match reliability the set of fragment ion spectra was extended with 300 spectra corresponding to 100 compounds not included in the reference library. Performance was checked with the aid of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Using the magnitude of the match probability as well as the precursor ion mass as benchmarks to rate the obtained top hit, overall correct classification of a compound being included or not included in the mass spectrometric library, was obtained in more than 95% of cases clearly indicating a high predictive accuracy of the established matching procedure. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of spleen‐preserving lymphadenectomy on surgical outcomes of locally advanced proximal gastric cancer
Authors: Oh Sung Jin , Hyung Woo Jin , Li Chen , Song Jyewon , Kang Wookho , Rha Sun Young , Chung Hyun Cheol , Choi Seung Ho , Noh Sung Hoon ,   Yonsei Gastric Cancer Clinic
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe aim of this study was to investigate the effects of D2 lymphadenectomy with spleen preservation on surgical outcomes in locally advanced proximal gastric cancer.MethodsBetween January 2000 and December 2004, a total of 366 patients who underwent curative total gastrectomy were studied retrospectively from a prospectively designed database.ResultsThe spleen‐preservation group experienced shorter operation times, a lower incidence of perioperative transfusion, and shorter postoperative hospital stays. Perioperative transfusion and splenectomy were independent risk factors for morbidity. There was no significant difference between the two groups in recurrence or cumulative survival rate when adjusted according to cancer stage. Multivariate analysis showed that tumor size, serosal invasion, and nodal metastasis were independent prognostic factors, while splenectomy was not. The cumulative survival rate in pN0‐status patients was significantly higher in the spleen‐preservation group, while there was no significant difference in the survival of pN1‐ or pN2‐status patients between the two groups.ConclusionsSplenectomy for lymph node dissection in proximal gastric cancer patients obviously showed poor short‐surgical outcomes, but it did not affect long‐term outcomes in terms of recurrence and overall survival rate. Therefore, spleen‐preserving lymphadenectomy is a feasible method for radical surgery in locally advanced proximal gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:275–280. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Performance comparison of slow‐light coupled‐resonator optical gyroscopes
Authors: Terrel M. , Digonnet M.J.F. , Fan S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe investigate the connection between group velocity and rotation sensitivity in a number of resonant gyroscope designs. Two key comparisons are made. First, we compare two conventional sensors, namely a resonant fiber optic gyroscope (RFOG) and an interferometric fiber optic gyroscope (FOG). Second, we compare the RFOG to several recently proposed coupled‐resonator optical waveguide (CROW) gyroscopes. We show that the relationship between loss and maximum rotation sensitivity is the same for both conventional and CROW gyroscopes. Thus, coupling multiple resonators together cannot enhance rotation sensitivity. While CROW gyroscopes offer the potential for large group indices, this increase of group index does not provide a corresponding increase in the maximum sensitivity to rotation. For a given footprint and a given total loss, the highest sensitivity is shown to be achieved either in a conventional RFOG utilizing a single resonator, or a conventional FOG.
Finite‐dimensional attractors and exponential attractors for degenerate doubly nonlinear equations
Authors: Efendiev M. , Zelik S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe consider the following doubly nonlinear parabolic equation in a bounded domain Ω⊂ℝ3:where the nonlinearityfis allowed to have a degeneracy with respect to ∂tuof the form ∂tu|∂tu|pat some pointsx∈Ω.Under some natural assumptions on the nonlinearitiesfandg, we prove the existence and uniqueness of a solution of that problem and establish the finite‐dimensionality of global and exponential attractors of the semigroup associated with this equation in the appropriate phase space. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
On the image of the limit q‐Bernstein operator
Authors: Ostrovska Sofiya 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe limit q‐Bernstein operator Bq emerges naturally as an analogue to the Szász–Mirakyan operator related to the Euler distribution. Alternatively, Bq comes out as a limit for a sequence of q‐Bernstein polynomials in the case 0<q<1. Lately, different properties of the limit q‐Bernstein operator and its iterates have been studied by a number of authors. In particular, it has been shown that Bq is a positive shape‐preserving linear operator on C[0, 1] with ∥Bq∥=1, which possesses the following remarkable property: in general, it improves the analytic properties of a function. In this paper, new results on the properties of the image of Bq are presented. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of salt content on the structure of iota‐carrageenan systems: 23Na DQF NMR and rheological studies
Authors: Gobet Mallory , Mouaddab Mohamed , Cayot Nathalie , Bonny Jean‐Marie , Guichard Elisabeth , Le Quéré Jean‐Luc , Moreau Céline , Foucat Loïc 
Published: January 2009

Abstract23Na NMR spectroscopy has been used to study the effects of Na+ ion concentrations on the structure of 1% (w/w) iota‐carrageenan systems, a natural gelling polysaccharide used as a thickener in the food industry. Rheological and 23Na T1 relaxation time measurements revealed that gel formation correlates with decreases in ion mobility over the range of 0–3% (w/w) sodium content. 23Na single‐quantum (SQ) and double‐quantum‐filtered (DQF) NMR experiments performed on these systems provided evidence for a ‘bound’ sodium ion fraction in a specifically ordered environment. These results have allowed us to propose a model for the carrageenan gelation mechanism in the presence of Na+ ions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An implicit finite element algorithm for the simulation of diffusion with phase changes in solids
Authors: Feulvarch E. , Bergheau J. M. , Leblond J. B. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA fixed grid technique is proposed for the numerical simulation of the phenomena of diffusion with phase changes in solids. This technique is based on the finite element method in space coupled with the implicit (backward) Euler algorithm in time. The examples given include the Stefan problem, heat transfer with non‐instantaneous metallurgical transformations in steels, and the simultaneous and coupled diffusion and precipitation of chemical elements during internal oxidation of steels. These examples clearly evidence the efficiency and robustness of the method developed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reliability sensitivity analysis with random and interval variables
Authors: Guo Jia , Du Xiaoping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn reliability analysis and reliability‐based design, sensitivity analysis identifies the relationship between the change in reliability and the change in the characteristics of uncertain variables. Sensitivity analysis is also used to identify the most significant uncertain variables that have the highest contributions to reliability. Most of the current sensitivity analysis methods are applicable for only random variables. In many engineering applications, however, some of uncertain variables are intervals. In this work, a sensitivity analysis method is proposed for the mixture of random and interval variables. Six sensitivity indices are defined for the sensitivity of the average reliability and reliability bounds with respect to the averages and widths of intervals, as well as with respect to the distribution parameters of random variables. The equations of these sensitivity indices are derived based on the first‐order reliability method (FORM). The proposed reliability sensitivity analysis is a byproduct of FORM without any extra function calls after reliability is found. Once FORM is performed, the sensitivity information is obtained automatically. Two examples are used for demonstration. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonparametric density estimation for randomly perturbed elliptic problems II: Applications and adaptive modeling
Authors: Estep D. , Målqvist A. , Tavener S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we develop and apply an efficient adaptive algorithm for computing the propagation of uncertainty into a quantity of interest computed from numerical solutions of an elliptic partial differential equation with a randomly perturbed diffusion coefficient. The algorithm is well‐suited for problems for which limited information about the random perturbations is available and when an approximation of the probability distribution of the output is desired. We employ a nonparametric density estimation approach based on a very efficient method for computing random samples of elliptic problems described and analyzed in (SIAM J. Sci. Comput. 2008. DOI: JCOMP‐D‐08‐00261). We fully develop the adaptive algorithm suggested by the analysis in that paper, discuss details of its implementation, and illustrate its behavior using a realistic data set. Finally, we extend the analysis to include a ‘modeling error’ term that accounts for the effects of the resolution of the statistical description of the random variation. We modify the adaptive algorithm to adapt the resolution of the statistical description and illustrate the behavior of the adaptive algorithm in several examples. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uncertainty quantification in chemical systems
Authors: Najm H. N. , Debusschere B. J. , Marzouk Y. M. , Widmer S. , Le Maître O. P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe demonstrate the use of multiwavelet spectral polynomial chaos techniques for uncertainty quantification in non‐isothermal ignition of a methane–air system. We employ Bayesian inference for identifying the probabilistic representation of the uncertain parameters and propagate this uncertainty through the ignition process. We analyze the time evolution of moments and probability density functions of the solution. We also examine the role and significance of dependence among the uncertain parameters. We finish with a discussion of the role of non‐linearity and the performance of the algorithm. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Free vibration analysis of symmetric laminated skew plates by discrete singular convolution technique based on first‐order shear deformation theory
Authors: Gürses Murat , Civalek Ömer , Korkmaz Armagan K. , Ersoy Hakan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this study, free vibration of laminated skew plates was investigated. Discrete singular convolution (DSC) method is used for numerical solution of vibration problems. The straight‐sided quadrilateral domain is mapped into a square domain in the computational space using a four‐node element by using the geometric transformation. Typical results are presented for different geometric parameters and boundary conditions. It is concluded from the results that the skew angle have considerable influence on the variations of the frequencies with fibre orientation angle and number of layers in the laminate. The results obtained by DSC method are compared with those obtained by analytical and numerical approaches. It is shown that reasonable accurate results are obtained. Present work also indicates that the method of DSC is a promising and potential approach for computational mechanics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermal characterisation of active layer across a soil moisture gradient in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica
Authors: Ikard Scott J. , Gooseff Michael N. , Barrett John E. , Takacs‐Vesbach Cristina 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHeat transport into active layer soils is important to understanding potential responses to changes in surface energy balance, particularly in the context of changing climate. Here we present results of a study to characterise soil thermal properties along a soil moisture gradient adjacent to Lake Fryxell in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Our goals were to characterise the thermal characteristics of these relatively wet soils (compared to the rest of the McMurdo Dry Valleys landscape), and to assess the response of the active layer to possible increases in soil moisture. We measured subsurface temperatures at depths from 3 to 50 cm at four locations along a natural gradient of wet to dry soils adjacent to Lake Fryxell from January 2006 to January 2007. We used a numerical model to estimate apparent thermal diffusivity (ATD) and simulate observed temperature time series. Calculations of ATD at discrete locations yielded values ranging from 1.0 × 10−9 – 2.4 × 10−5 m2 s−1, and the corresponding range of bulk (i.e. depth averaged at a single surface location) ATD was 2.9 × 10−9–1.2 × 10−7 m2 s−1. Thawed soils had a range of bulk ATD during warming of 2.9 × 10−9–3.8 × 10−8 m2 s−1, and during cooling of 2.9 × 10−9–4.8 × 10−8 m2 s−1. When soils were frozen, however, the range of bulk ATD was 7.6 × 10−9–1.2 × 10−7 m2 s−1 during warming, and 7.8 × 10−9–1.1 × 10−7 m2 s−1 during cooling. Estimated bulk ATD values were consistently greater in locations of enhanced soil moisture, so lakeside soils were more likely to conduct energy into the subsurface. Increased soil moisture across the landscape would likely increase ATD, allowing for greater heat exchange between the atmosphere and the subsurface. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of macrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 in prostate cancer bone metastases induces osteoclast activation and weight loss
Authors: Wakchoure Savita , Swain Telisha Millender , Hentunen Teuvo A. , Bauskin Asne R. , Brown David A. , Breit Samuel N. , Vuopala Katri S. , Harris Kevin W. , Selander Katri S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDMacrophage inhibitory cytokine‐1 (MIC‐1) belongs to the bone morphogenic protein/transforming growth factor‐β (BMP/TGF‐β) superfamily. Serum MIC‐1 concentrations are elevated in patients with advanced prostate cancer. The effects of MIC‐1 on prostate cancer bone metastases are unknown.METHODSIn vitro effects of MIC‐1 on osteoblast differentiation and activity were analyzed with alkaline phosphatase and mineralization assays; osteoclast numbers were counted microscopically. MIC‐1 effects on TLR9 expression were studied with Western blotting. Human Du‐145 prostate cancer cells were stably transfected with a cDNA encoding for mature MIC‐1 or with an empty vector. The in vivo growth characteristics of the characterized cells were studied with the intra‐tibial model of bone metastasis. Tumor associated bone changes were viewed with X‐rays, histology, and histomorphometry. Bone formation was assayed by measuring serum PINP.RESULTSMIC‐1 induced osteoblast differentiation and activity and osteoclast formation in vitro. These effects were independent of TLR9 expression, which was promoted by MIC‐1. Both MIC‐1 and control tumors induced mixed sclerotic/lytic bone lesions, but MIC‐1 increased the osteolytic component of tumors. Osteoclast formation at the tumor–bone interface was significantly higher in the MIC‐1 tumors, whereas bone formation was significantly higher in the control mice. At sacrifice, the mice bearing MIC‐1 tumors were significantly lighter with significantly smaller tumors.CONCLUSIONSMIC‐1 up‐regulates TLR9 expression in various cells. MIC‐1 stimulates both osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation in vitro, independently of TLR9. MIC‐1 over‐expressing prostate cancer cells that grow in bone induce osteoclast formation and cachexia. Prostate 69:652–661, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.