bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Infectious Disease Morbidity Among Young HIV-1–Exposed But Uninfected Infants in Latin American and Caribbean Countries: The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Study
Authors: Mussi-Pinhata Marisa M. , Freimanis Laura , Yamamoto Aparecida Y. , Korelitz James , Pinto Jorge A. , Cruz Maria L. S. , Losso Marcelo H. , Read Jennifer S. ,   for the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Study Group
Published: February 2007

OBJECTIVE. The goal was to describe the frequency, characteristics, and correlates of infectious disease morbidity during the first 6 months of life among HIV-1–exposed but uninfected infants.METHODS. The study population consisted of infants enrolled in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development International Site Development Initiative Perinatal Study who were HIV-1 uninfected and had follow-up data through the 6-month study visit. Definitive and presumed infections were recorded at study visits (birth, 6–12 weeks, and 6 months).RESULTS. Of 462 HIV-1–uninfected infants with 11644 child-weeks of observation, 283 experienced ≥1 infection. These 283 infants experienced 522 infections (1.8 infections per infant). The overall incidence rate of infections was 4.5 cases per 100 child-weeks of observation. Overall, the most common infections were skin or mucous membrane infections (1.9 cases per 100 child-weeks) and respiratory tract infections (1.7 cases per 100 child-weeks). Thirty-six percent of infants had &gt;1 respiratory tract infection (1.8 cases per 100 child-weeks). Incidence rates of upper and lower respiratory tract infections were similar (0.89 cases per 100 child-weeks and 0.9 cases per 100 child-weeks, respectively). Cutaneous and/or oral candidiasis occurred in 48 neonates (10.3%) and 92 older infants (19.3%). Early neonatal sepsis was diagnosed in 12 infants (26.0 cases per 1000 infants). Overall, 81 of 462 (17.5%) infants were hospitalized with an infection. Infants with lower respiratory tract infections were hospitalized frequently (40.7%). The occurrence of ≥1 neonatal infection was associated with more-advanced maternal HIV-1 disease, tobacco use during pregnancy, infant anemia, and crowding. Lower maternal CD4+ cell counts, receipt of intrapartum antibiotic treatment, and country of residence were associated with postneonatal infections.CONCLUSIONS. Close monitoring of HIV-1–exposed infants, especially those who are anemic at birth or whose mothers have more-advanced HIV-1 disease or who smoked during pregnancy, remains important.
BRCA1, a Potential Predictive Biomarker in the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: James Colin R. , Quinn Jennifer E. , Mullan Paul B. , Johnston Patrick G. , Harkin D. Paul 
Published: February 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: List the biomarkers that are currently used and those that may be of potential use in the management of breast cancer.Explain how BRCA1 is involved in the development of both inherited and sporadic breast cancer.Discuss the potential role of BRCA1 as a determinant of response to different types of chemotherapy agents.Describe the relationship between BRCA1 and basal-like breast cancer.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Adrenal Masses in the Cancer Patient: Surveillance or Excision
Authors: Mitchell Ian C. , Nwariaku Fiemu E. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
An increasing number of patients with a history of solid organ malignancy now undergo surveillance imaging as part of their follow-up or for evaluation of other conditions. This imaging has led to both greater identification of asymptomatic adrenal masses and subsequent confusion among clinicians regarding the evaluation and treatment. Although established algorithms exist for treating such “incidentalomas” in otherwise healthy patients, the most effective way to do so in patients with known prior or concurrent malignancies is unclear. In this review, we explore methods of biochemical testing in such patients and discuss the role of imaging techniques in their ability to differentiate benign versus malignant lesions. In this population, we examine the increasing use of biopsy and discuss current data on both surveillance and resection of lesions based on their identity. Finally, we propose an algorithm to aid the clinician in evaluating and treating these complex patients efficiently.
Intravenous Ferric Gluconate Significantly Improves Response to Epoetin Alfa Versus Oral Iron or No Iron in Anemic Patients with Cancer Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: Henry David H. , Dahl Naomi V. , Auerbach Michael , Tchekmedyian Simon , Laufman Leslie R. 
Published: February 2007

Abstract
Purpose. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intravenous (IV) sodium ferric gluconate complex (FG), oral ferrous sulfate, or no iron to increase hemoglobin (Hb) in anemic cancer patients receiving chemotherapy and epoetin alfa.
Patients and Methods. In this open-label, multicenter trial, 187 patients with chemotherapy-related anemia (Hb &lt;11 g/dl; serum ferritin ≥100 ng/ml or transferrin saturation ≥15%) scheduled to receive chemotherapy and epoetin alfa (40,000 U subcutaneously weekly) were randomized to 8 weeks of 125 mg of IV FG weekly, 325 mg of oral ferrous sulfate three times daily, or no iron. The primary outcome was a change in Hb from baseline to endpoint, first whole-blood or red blood cell transfusion, or study withdrawal.
Results. One hundred twenty-nine patients were evaluable for efficacy (FG, n = 41; oral iron, n = 44; no iron, n = 44). Mean increase in Hb was 2.4 g/dl (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–2.7) for FG (p = .0092 vs. oral iron; p = .0044 vs. no iron), 1.6 g/dl (95% CI, 1.1–2.1) for oral iron (p =.7695 vs. no iron), and 1.5 g/dl (95% CI, 1.1–1.9) for no iron. Hb response (increase ≥2 g/dl) was 73% for FG (p = .0099 vs. oral iron; p = .0029 vs. no iron), 46% for oral iron (p = .6687 vs. no iron), and 41% for no iron. FG was well tolerated.
Conclusion. For cancer patients with chemotherapy-related anemia receiving epoetin alfa, FG produces a significantly greater increase in Hb and Hb response compared with oral iron or no iron, supporting more aggressive treatment with IV iron supplementation for these patients.
Forgetting in spatial memories acquired in a virtual environment
Authors: Tlauka Michael , Donaldson Phill K. , Wilson Duncan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study examined forgetting in spatial memories acquired in a virtual environment. In the two experiments, participants learned the locations of eight objects. In Experiment 1, the objects were presented as photographs in either a laboratory or in an equivalent virtual environment. Irrespective of learning condition, accuracy of recall of the locations was found to deteriorate after a retention interval of approximately 1 week. In Experiment 2, following virtual learning, three groups of participants performed a series of non‐spatial tasks of low, intermediate or high difficulty. The tasks were presented in a retention interval of 2 hours. A comparison of recall accuracy before and after presentation of the interference tasks indicated that that the groups were not differentially affected by the difficulty of the retroactive interference tasks. However, the groups differed in their subjective assessment of the mental workload involved in the tasks. The results are discussed with reference to a prominent theory of forgetting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analytical Procedure for the Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Trace Metals in Food and Environmental Matrices. Critical Comparison with Atomic Absorption Spectroscopic Measurements
Authors: Melucci Dora , Torsi Giancarlo , Locatelli Clinio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn analytical procedure fit for the simultaneous determination of copper (II), chromium(VI), thallium(I), lead(II), tin(II), antimony(III), and zinc(II) by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) in three interdependent environmental matrices involved in foods and food chain as meals, cereal plants and soils is described. The digestion of each matrix was carried out using a concentrated HCl‐HNO3‐H2SO4 (meals and cereal plants) and HCl‐HNO3 (soils) acidic attack mixtures. 0.1 mol/L dibasic ammonium citrate pH 8.5 was employed as the supporting electrolyte. The voltammetric measurements were carried out using, as working electrode, a stationary hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and a platinum electrode and an Ag|AgCl|KClsat electrode as auxiliary and reference electrodes, respectively. The analytical procedure was verified by the analyses of the standard reference materials: Wholemeal BCR‐CRM 189, Tomato Leaves NIST‐SRM 1573a and Montana Soil Moderately Elevated Traces NIST‐SRM 2711. For all the elements in the certified matrix, the precision as repeatability, expressed as relative standard deviation (sr %) was lower than 5 %. The accuracy, expressed as percentage relative error (e %) was of the order of 3‐7 %, while the detection limits were in the range 0.015‐0.103 μg/g. Once set up on the standard reference materials, the analytical procedure was transferred and applied to commercial meal samples, cereal plants and soils samples drawn in sites devoted to agricultural practice. A critical comparison with spectroscopic measurements is also discussed.
Morphological and Physiological Responses of Barley Plants Grown on Soils Characterised by Metal Toxicity and Metal Deficiency
Authors: Deriu Daniela , Calace Nicoletta , Petronio Bianca Maria , Pietroletti Marco 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAim of this work was to investigate which are the effects on barley crops grown on two different soils: a soil lacking in Cu, an essential micronutrient (A) and a naturally polluted soil rich in lead, zinc, copper (B). In particular we investigated the relationship between some ecophysiological parameters such as biomass, chlorophyll concentration and guaiacolo peroxidase activity and the chemical‐physical properties of the soils like pH, organic matter and heavy metal content. Because metals uptake by plants is strongly correlated with the bioavailable fraction rather then their total amount in a soil, we have measured also metal exchangeable forms, using a single extraction method (MgCl2 as extractant). Plants grown on soil B showed a metal content higher than background limits, whereas plants grown on soil A were characterised by a background Fe and Zn concentrations and by a tolerant Pb concentration. Conversely, Cu content in tissues of plants grown in soil A is found to be under the background limits. Copper‐deficiency plants present chlorotic leaves followed by a reduced clorophyll content, while plants grown on metals contaminated soil showed an increase of peroxidase activity.
Dioxouranium(VI)‐Carboxylate Complexes. Speciation of UO22+‐1,2,3‐Propanetricarboxylate System in NaClaq at Different Ionic Strengths and at T = 25 °C
Authors: Crea Francesco , de Stefano Concetta , Milea Demetrio , Sammartano Silvio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe formation constants of dioxouranium(VI) ‐ 1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylate [tricarballylate (3‐), TCA] complexes were determined in NaCl aqueous solutions at 0 ≤ I / mol L‐1 ≤ 1.0 and t = 25 °C, by potentiometry, ISE‐[H+] glass electrode. The speciation model obtained at each ionic strength includes the following species: ML‐, MLH0, ML24‐ and ML2H3‐ (M = UO22+ and L = TCA). The dependence on ionic strength of protonation constants of 1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylate and of the metal‐ligand complexes was modeled by the SIT (Specific ion Interaction Theory) approach and by the Pitzer equations. The formation constants at infinite dilution are [for the generic equilibrium p UO22+ + q (L3‐) + r H+ = (UO22+)p(L)qHr(2p−3q+r); βpqr]: log β110 = 6.222±0.030, log β111 = 11.251±0.009, log β121 = 7.75±0.02, log β121 = 14.33±0.06. The sequestering ability of 1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylate towards UOUO22+ was quantified by using a sigmoid Boltzman type equation.
Comparison of Time‐Resolved Fluoroimmunoassay for Determining Hexoestrol Residues in Chicken Muscle Tissues Based on Polyclonal Antibodies with Liquid Chromatography and Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xiangqian Li , Yongming Hu , Tieming Huo , Xiaogang Chu , Chuanlai Xu 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA time‐resolved fluoroimmunoassay (TR‐FIA) was developed for the determination of hexoestrol (HES) residues in animal tissues. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 0.02 ng g‐1 and the limit of quantification (LOQ) was less than 0.12 ng g‐1. The results obtained by the TR‐FIA and ELISA showed a good correlation. The established TR‐FIA was validated for the determination of market chicken muscle tissues and confirmed by high‐performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS‐MS). This proposed technique could be applied to routine residue analysis.
On the Complexation of Copper (II) Ion with 2‐Hydroxybenzamide
Authors: Porto Raffaella , Furia Emilia 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe complexation of the Cu2+ ion with 2‐Hydroxybenzamide (salicylamide, HL) has been studied, at 25 °C, by potentiometric measurements with a glass electrode in NaClO4 media for ionic strength ranging from 0.5 to 3 mol/dm3. The data are consistent with the formation of the complexes CuH‐1(HL)+, CuH‐2(HL)2, Cu2H‐2(HL)22+ and CuH‐2(HL). The minor species, Cu2H‐2(HL)22+ and CuH‐2(HL), amount to at least 20% of the total copper.Elaboration of the data according to the Specific Interaction Theory yields the constants valid in the infinite dilution reference state:

HL ⇌ L‐ + H+
log °β011 = ‐ 8.27 ± 0.03

Cu2+ + HL ⇌ CuH‐1(HL)+ + H+
log °β111 = ‐ 3.06 ± 0.05

Cu2+ + 2 HL ⇌ CuH‐2(HL)2 + 2 H+
log °β122 = ‐ 7.72 ± 0.05

2Cu2+ + 2HL ⇌ Cu2H‐2(HL)22+ + 2 H+
log °β222 = ‐ 5.5 ± 0.1

Cu2+ + HL ⇌ CuH‐2(HL) + 2 H+
log °β121 = ‐ 10.9 ± 0.1

and the interaction coefficients (kg/mol) of complex species with medium ions: b(L‐,Na+) = 0.11 ± 0.03; b(CuH‐1(HL)+,NaClO4) = 0.17 ± 0.05; b(CuH‐2(HL)2,NaClO4) = 0.11 ± 0.05; b(Cu2H‐2(HL)22+,NaClO4) = 0.27 ± 0.1; b(CuH‐2(HL),NaClO4) = ‐ 0.03 ± 0.1.
Spectrophotometric Study of Acidity Constants of Alizarine Red S in Various Water‐Organic Solvent
Authors: Niazi Ali , Rezaei Amir Ahmad , Shahhosseini Fatemeh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe acidity constants of Alizarine Red S were determined spectrophotometrically at 25 °C and at constant ionic strength 0.1 M (KNO3) in pure water as well as in aqueous media containing variable mole percentages (5‐70 %) of organic solvents. The organic solvents used were methanol, ethanol, N,N‐dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile and dioxan. The acidity constants of all related equilibria are estimated using the whole spectral fitting of the collected data to an established factor analysis model. DATAN program was applied for determining of acidity constants and pure spectra of different form of Alizarine Red S. The obtained results indicated that acidity constants decrease as the content of an organic solvent in the medium increases. There are linear relationship between acidity constants and the mole fraction of various organic solvents in the solvent mixtures. Effect of various solvents on acidity constants and pure spectrum of each component are also discussed.
Potentiometric Batch and Flow Injection Analysis of Betaine Hydrochloride
Authors: Badawy Sayed S. , Youssef Ahmed F. A. , Mutair Ali A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNovel PVC membrane electrodes for the determination of betaine ion based on the formation of betaine‐tetraphenylborate (Be‐TPB) and betaine‐phosphotungstate (Be‐PT) ion‐exchangers as electroactive materials are described. The sensors show a fast, stable, near Nernstian response for 6.92 × 10‐6 to 7.94 × 10‐3 M and 1.0 × 10‐4 to 1.0 × 10‐2 M betaine hydrochloride (Be.Cl) in case of Be‐TPB electrode applying batch and flow injection analysis (FIA), respectively, and 2.95 × 10‐5 to 2.26 × 10‐3 M and 3.16 × 10‐5 to 1.0 × 10‐2 M in case of Be‐PT electrode for batch and FIA electrodes, respectively, at 25 °C over the pH range of 3.5‐10 with a cationic slope of 60.2 and 59.1 mV decade‐1 and a fast potential response of ≤ 15 s. The lower detection limits are 7.94 × 10‐6 and 3.18 × 10‐5 M Be.Cl for Be‐TPB and Be‐PT electrodes, respectively. Selectivity coefficient data for some common inorganic cations, sugars, amino acids and the components other than betaine, of the mixed drug investigated show negligible interference. The electrodes have been applied to the direct potentiometric determination of betaine hydrochloride in water and in a pharmaceutical preparation under batch and FIA conditions. Potentiometric titrations of Be.Cl with NaTPB and PTA as titrants were monitored with the developed betaine electrodes as an end point indicator electrode. The determination of Be.Cl shows an average recovery of 100.8 % with mean relative standard deviation of 0.61 %. The effect of temperature on the electrodes was also studied.
Simultaneous Spectrophotometric Determination of Cobalt and Nickel by Partial Least Square Regression in Micellar Media
Authors: Kaur Varinder , Malik Ashok Kumar , Verma Neelam 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDiphenycarbazone has been used for the simultaneous determination of cobalt and nickel by partial least square regression method. DPC complexes of cobalt and nickel at pH 7‐10 are of pink color, which are soluble in TX‐100 micellar media. A partial least square multivariate calibration method for the analysis of binary mixtures of cobalt and nickel was developed. The total relative standard error for applying the PLS method was calculated. The accuracy and reproducibility of the determination method for various known amounts of Co(II) and Ni(II) in their binary mixtures were tested. The effects of diverse ions on the determination of cobalt and nickel to investigate the selectivity of the method were also studied. The proposed method was applied to the synthetic binary mixtures, alloys and pharmaceutical samples.
Determination of Cobalt at ng ml‐1 Level in Water Using the Electrophilic Substiution Complexation between Co(II) and Chlorophosphonazo‐ p‐Cl‐Cu(II) Complex
Authors: Zhao Xue‐Tao , Zhao He‐Ping , Le Yi‐Quan , Zeng Teng , Gao Hong‐Wen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe chromophore chlorophosphonazo‐p‐Cl (PCCPA) was used to complex Co(II) and Cu(II) at pH 9.18. The formation of Co(PCCPA)2 and Cu(PCCPA)2 complexes were characterized by the spectral correction technique. Co(II) could competitively substitute Cu(II) from the Cu(II)‐PCCPA complex via electrophilic effect. With the assistance of the light‐absorption ratio variation approach, the electrophilic substitution complexation showed a high selectivity and good sensitivity with 1.9 ng mL‐1 of LOD. The proposed method has been applied to the direct detection of Co(II) in surface water and wastewater with good percent of recovery.
Sexual dimorphism of the dental tissues in human permanent mandibular canines and third premolars
Authors: Saunders Shelley R. , Chan Andrea H.W. , Kahlon Bonnie , Kluge Hagen F. , FitzGerald Charles M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMethods of measuring tissue area from images of longitudinal thin tooth sections have been used to assess sexual dimorphism in the permanent dentition. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the extent of sexual dimorphism within the coronal tissue proportions of permanent mandibular canines and premolars, using area measurements of the enamel and dentine‐pulp core. The sample consisted of embedded “half‐tooth” sections from 45 individuals, all of known age‐at‐death and sex, collected from the St. Thomas' Anglican Church historic (1821–1874) cemetery site in Belleville, ON, Canada. The relative dentine‐pulp area of the third premolars and canines displayed high levels of sexual dimorphism, as well as statistically significant mean differences between the sexes. The male canines and premolars have significantly more dentine than their female counterparts, as well as relatively more dentine with respect to overall crown size. The female canines and premolars have significantly more enamel relative to overall crown area than those of the males. These results suggest that relative area measures of crown tissues are more predictable measures of sexual dimorphism than absolute measures, and tissue proportions may remain constant despite intrasex variation in overall tooth crown size. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stable isotope evidence for 1500 years of human diet at the city of York, UK
Authors: Müldner Gundula , Richards Michael P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present here the results of a large‐scale diachronic palaeodietary (carbon and nitrogen isotopic measurements of bone collagen) study of humans and animals from a single site, the city of York (U.K.), dating from the Roman period to the early 19th century. The human sample comprises 313 burials from the cemeteries of Trentholme Drive and Blossom Street (Roman), Belle Vue House (Anglo‐Saxon), Fishergate (High and Later Medieval), and All Saints, Pavement (Later and Post‐Medieval). In addition, 145 samples of mammal, fish and bird bone from the sites of Tanner Row and Fishergate were analyzed. The isotope data suggest dietary variation between all archaeological periods, although the most significant change was the introduction of significant quantities of marine foods in the Medieval periods. These are first evident in the diet of a small group of individuals from the High Medieval cemetery at Fishergate, although they were consumed almost universally in the following periods. The human isotope values are also remarkable due to unusually elevated δ15N ratios that are not sufficiently explained by the comparably small enrichment in 13C that accompanies them. We discuss the possible reasons behind this and the archaeological significance of the data set. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Potential applications of urinary C‐peptide of insulin for comparative energetics research
Authors: Sherry Diana S. , Ellison Peter T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe study of comparative energetics offers a valuable way to identify broad ecological principles and assess the functional significance of energetic adaptations during the course of evolution. Yet, the quantification of energetic status for nonhuman primates under natural conditions remains one of the most challenging aspects of comparative energetics research. Here, we report on the development of a noninvasive field method for measuring energetic status in great apes, humans, and possibly other nonhuman primates. Specifically, we have explored measurement of a urinary metabolite of insulin (C‐peptide) as a physiological marker of energetic condition in chimpanzees and orangutans. We performed three validation studies and successfully measured C‐peptide in urine samples from captive chimpanzees, wild chimpanzees, and wild orangutans. Urinary C‐peptide measures gave indications of being a reliable signal of energetic status in both species. For chimpanzees and orangutans in the wild, baseline urinary C‐peptide levels were higher during periods of fruit abundance than periods of low fruit availability. Urinary C‐peptide levels were also higher for well‐fed captive chimpanzees compared with wild chimpanzees. Although sample size was small, top‐ranking male chimpanzees showed higher C‐peptide levels in the wild than low‐ranking males only during the period of fruit abundance. These preliminary results indicate that further development of the urinary C‐peptide method could expand opportunities to quantify energetic condition for great apes in the wild and generate new data for comparative research. We highlight specific applications for studying great ape reproduction as well as the nutritional ecology of human foragers. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.