bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Parenting and Children's Distress Reactivity during Toddlerhood: An Examination of Direction of Effects
Authors: Scaramella Laura V. , Sohr‐Preston Sara L. , Mirabile Scott P. , Robison Sarah D. , Callahan Kristin L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDuring early childhood, harsh and emotionally negative parent–child exchanges are expected to increase children's risk for developing later conduct problems. The present study examined longitudinal associations between the quality of parenting responses and children's distress reactivity during children's second year of life. Forty‐seven mother–child dyads completed observational assessments of children's distress reactivity and mothers’ harsh and supportive parenting when children were 12 and 24 months of age. Results indicated that mothers’ contingent harsh parenting responses to children's non‐compliance when children were 12 months of age predicted increases in children's observed distress from 12 to 24 months, but children's level of distress at 12 months did not predict change in harsh parenting responses over the same time period. In contrast, supportive parenting contingent responses did not predict declines in children's distress reactivity, although children's distress reactivity predicted declines in mothers’ supportive parenting responses from 12 to 24 months. Results are discussed in terms of the implications of the quality of parent–child interactions as a point of entry onto developmental pathways of risk.
Maternal Differential Treatment and Child Adjustment: A Multi‐informant Approach
Authors: Coldwell Joanne , Pike Alison , Dunn Judy 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe study aimed to replicate previous links with children's adjustment as well as using children's reports of maternal differential treatment (MDT) to test whether difference scores or favouritism scores demonstrate stronger links with child outcome. Finally, it tested for a unique prediction of children's adjustment from distinct aspects and informants of MDT. The sample consisted of 173 working‐ and middle‐class English families with two children aged four to eight years. Mothers provided reports of the mother–child relationship, and both mothers and fathers provided reports of the children's problematic behaviour. The children also provided reports of parent–child relationships and perceived favouritism via a puppet interview. Results confirmed moderate links between MDT and children's adjustment and showed that difference scores provided a better prediction of adjustment than did the favouritism scores. Finally, the results showed that mothers' reports of differential positive feelings were the most salient aspect of MDT for older siblings whereas mothers' reports of negative feelings and positive discipline were the most salient aspects of MDT for younger siblings.
Normative Beliefs Regarding Aggression in Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Nelson David A. , Springer Melanie M. , Nelson Larry J. , Bean Nathaniel H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFew studies have examined the nature of aggression in emerging adulthood (ages 18–25), a unique developmental period wherein relationships become increasingly important and intimate. Consistent with a greater emphasis on relationships, relationally manipulative forms of aggression may be particularly salient during this time period. Based on content analysis of perceptions of 134 undergraduate students, this study documents a significant spectrum of normative aggressive behaviors among emerging adults. Participant responses were coded into categories reflective of current aggression research. Findings indicate that perceptions of salient aggressive strategies vary by gender of both the aggressor and the victim. For example, male aggression was most often described as being verbal or directly physical in nature, especially in same‐sex dyads. In contrast, female aggression was most often described as being indirectly relational, verbal, or non‐verbal (ignoring/avoiding) across dyads. However, direct relational aggression was also fairly prominent in perceptions of female aggression toward males.
What has been happening to collective bargaining under New Labour? Interpreting WERS 2004
Authors: Brown William , Nash David 
Published: February 2008

ABSTRACTThe late 20th century saw the rapid decline of collective bargaining, which had hitherto been the dominant means of regulation of employment in Britain. The article uses a comparison of the Workplace Employment Relations Surveys for 1998 and 2004 to assess how far this changed during the later period of economic growth and sympathetic labour legislation. Contrary to expectations, the data show that collective bargaining coverage has continued to fall, although much of this decline is concentrated in small firms in the private sector. The article goes on to analyse the recent change at sectoral level and examines evidence on the extent to which the character, as well as the extent, of collective bargaining had changed. The locus of management decision making has continued to move down organisations, both where collective bargaining occurs and also where unions are absent. Finally, the article evaluates how the perceptions of those involved in the bargaining process have shifted at a time of greatly diminished trade union influence.
Pancreatographic investigation of pancreatic duct system and pancreaticobiliary malformation
Authors: Kamisawa Terumi , Okamoto Atsutake 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo clarify the anatomy of the pancreatic duct system and to investigate its embryology, we reviewed 256 pancreatograms with normal pancreatic head, 81 with pancreas divisum and 74 with pancreaticobiliary maljunction. Accessory pancreatograms were divided into two patterns. The long‐type accessory pancreatic duct forms a straight line and joins the main pancreatic duct at the neck portion of the pancreas. The short‐type accessory pancreatic duct joins the main pancreatic duct near its first inferior branch. The short‐type accessory pancreatic duct is less likely to have a long inferior branch arising from the accessory pancreatic duct. The length of the accessory pancreatic duct from the orifice to the first long inferior branch was similar in the short‐ and long‐type accessory pancreatic ducts. The first long inferior branch from the long‐type accessory pancreatic duct passes though the main pancreatic duct near the origin of the inferior branch from the main pancreatic duct. Immunohistochemically, in the short‐type accessory pancreatic duct, the main pancreatic duct between the junction with the short‐type accessory pancreatic duct and the neck portion was located in the ventral pancreas. The long‐type accessory pancreatic duct represents a continuation of the main duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud. The short‐type accessory pancreatic duct is probably formed by the proximal main duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud and its long inferior branch.
PKC θ activity maintains normal quantal size in chromaffin cells
Authors: Staal Roland G.W. , Hananiya Anthonia , Sulzer David 
Published: February 2008

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) activity mediates multiple neurosecretory processes, but these are poorly understood due in part to the existence of at least 12 PKC isoforms. Using amperometry to record quantal catecholamine release from chromaffin cells, we found that both broad spectrum PKC antagonists and rottlerin, a selective inhibitor of the novel isoforms PKC θ and PKC δ, decreased quantal size and the number of secretory events recorded per stimulus. In contrast, drugs that selectively inhibit the atypical and conventional PKC isoforms had no effect on these parameters. While both PKC θ and δ were expressed in chromaffin cells, mice deficient for PKC θ, but not for PKC δ, exhibited lower quantal size than wild‐type and were insensitive to rottlerin. Finally, an inhibitory PKC θ pseudosubstrate produced rottlerin‐like responses in wild‐type mice, indicating that the lack of rottlerin response in the PKC θ mutants was not the result of a form of compensation. These findings demonstrate neurosecretory regulation by a novel PKC isoform, PKC θ, and should contribute to defining mechanisms of activity‐dependent regulation of neurosecretion.
Expression of CXCL4 in microgliain vitroandin vivoand its possible signaling through CXCR3
Authors: De Jong Eiko K. , De Haas Alexander H. , Brouwer Nieske , Van Weering Hilmar R. J. , Hensens Marjolein , Bechmann Ingo , Pratley Pierre , Wesseling Evelyn , Boddeke Hendrikus W. G. M. , Biber Knut 
Published: February 2008

AbstractSignaling through chemokine receptor CXCR3 in the brain has been implicated in various brain diseases, as CXCR3 and its ligands are found under these conditions. Recently, a new chemokine ligand for CXCR3 was reported. In humans, an alternatively spliced variant of CXCR3 expressed on microvascular endothelial cells, named CXCR3b, was shown to bind CXCL4. In the periphery, the cellular expression and functions of CXCL4 are well described but in the brain its expression and function are unknown. Here, we show that brain microglia are a cellular source of CXCL4in vitroandin vivounder neurodegenerating conditions. Microglial migration induced by CXCL4 is absent in CXCR3‐deficient microglia, indicating a role of CXCR3. CXCL4 furthermore attenuates lipopolysaccharide‐induced microglial phagocytosis and nitric oxide production in microglia and BV‐2 cells. Based on these findings, it is proposed that locally released CXCL4 may control microglia responses.
Pre‐synaptic dopaminergic compensation after moderate nigrostriatal damage in non‐human primates
Authors: Perez Xiomara A. , Parameswaran Neeraja , Huang Luping Z. , O’Leary Kathryn T. , Quik Maryka 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDespite a dramatic loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease, clinical symptoms only arise with 70–80% reduction of striatal dopamine. The mechanisms responsible for this functional compensation are currently under debate. Although initial studies showed an enhanced pre‐synaptic dopaminergic function with nigrostriatal degeneration, more recent work suggests that functional compensation is not dopamine‐mediated. To address this issue, we used cyclic voltammetry to directly measure endogenous dopamine release from striatal slices of control monkeys and animals with a moderate or severe MPTP‐induced dopaminergic lesion. The moderately lesioned monkeys were asymptomatic, while the severely lesioned animals were parkinsonian. In monkeys with a moderate lesion, a 300% increase was obtained in endogenous striatal dopamine release. In contrast, in striatal slices from severely lesioned animals, a small % of evoked dopamine signals were similar in amplitude to control while the greater majority were undetectable. These findings suggest that pre‐synaptic dopaminergic compensation develops in residual dopaminergic terminals with moderate lesioning, but that this response is lost with severe nigrostriatal damage. Such an interpretation is supported by the results of dopamine turnover studies. This enhanced pre‐synaptic dopaminergic activity may be important in maintaining normal motor function during the initial stages of Parkinson’s disease.
The application of knowledge discovery in databases to post‐marketing drug safety: example of the WHO database
Authors: Bate A. , Lindquist M. , Edwards I.R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractAfter market launch, new information on adverse effects of medicinal products is almost exclusively first highlighted by spontaneous reporting. As data sets of spontaneous reports have become larger, and computational capability has increased, quantitative methods have been increasingly applied to such data sets. The screening of such data sets is an application of knowledge discovery in databases (KDD). Effective KDD is an iterative and interactive process made up of the following steps: developing an understanding of an application domain, creating a target data set, data cleaning and pre‐processing, data reduction and projection, choosing the data mining task, choosing the data mining algorithm, data mining, interpretation of results and consolidating and using acquired knowledge.The process of KDD as it applies to the analysis of spontaneous reports can be exemplified by its routine use on the 3.5 million suspected adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports in the WHO ADR database. Examples of new adverse effects first highlighted by the KDD process on WHO data include topiramate glaucoma, infliximab vasculitis and the association of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and neonatal convulsions. The KDD process has already improved our ability to highlight previously unsuspected ADRs for clinical review in spontaneous reporting, and we anticipate that such techniques will be increasingly used in the successful screening of other healthcare data sets such as patient records in the future.
Induction and transition in the National Health Service for four professional groups
Authors: Thomas Hywel , Hicks Judith , Martin Graeme , Cressey Gill 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNational Health Service policies of induction and supporting transition into posts face three key issues: meeting a diversity of needs in terms of change, the integration of induction into a service with profession‐specific policies and practices, and their configuration with workforce policies designed to alter role boundaries and develop more interprofessional working. In examining these three areas, the study reported here reviews current practice in four professional groups (dentists working in the community dental service, children's nurses, pharmacists and radiographers) with the purpose of reviewing their experience of induction and transition in relation to National Health Service policies and contexts. The small‐scale qualitative study was conducted between September 2005 and March 2006. Twenty‐one interviews were undertaken with pharmacists and children's nurses working in hospitals and primary care, radiographers in hospitals and community dentists in primary care; relevant national and local policy documents were also analysed. The study concludes by recognizing that ‘statutory’ induction is secure, that more attention is needed to support interprofessional learning at points of transition; that disparities in access to training may become increasingly problematic; that significant aspects of current practice do not match contemporary policy requirements; and that more research into the models of learning that will facilitate more effective interprofessional working are needed.
α1A‐ and α1D‐adrenoceptors are the major functional subtypes of renal α1‐adrenoceptors in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic and normal Sprague–Dawley rats
Authors: Armenia  , Sattar M. A. , Abdullah N. A. , Khan Md. A. H. , Johns E. J. 
Published: February 2008

Summary1The present study investigated the effect of streptozotocin‐induced diabetes on α1‐adrenoceptor subtypes in rat renal resistance vessels.2Studies on renal haemodynamics were carried out 7 days after the last streptozotocin. Changes in renal blood flow were recorded in response to electrical stimulation of the renal nerve (RNS) and a range of adrenergic agonists; noradrenaline (NA), phenylephrine (PE) and methoxamine (MTX), either in the absence or the presence of nitrendipine (Nit), 5‐methylurapidil (MEU), chlorethylclonidine (CEC) or BMY 7378.3In non‐diabetic animals, Nit, MEU and BMY 7378 significantly attenuated renal vasoconstriction induced by adrenergic agonists, while CEC showed a significant accentuation in RNS‐induced responses without having a significant effect on responses to adrenergic agonists. In diabetic rats, renal vasoconstriction was also significantly reduced in Nit‐, MEU‐ and BMY 7378‐treated groups and CEC potentiated RNS‐induced contractions caused a change similar to that observed in non‐diabetic rats. BMY 7378 significantly (P < 0.05) attenuated the PE‐ and MTX‐induced vasoconstrictions but did not cause any significant (P > 0.05) alteration in the RNS‐ and NA‐induced responses.4The results showed functional co‐existence of α1A‐ and α1D‐adrenoceptors in the renal vasculature of SD rats irrespective of the presence of diabetes. A possible minor contribution of prejunctional α‐adrenoceptor subtype has also been suggested in either experimental group, particularly possible functional involvement of α1B‐adrenoceptor subtypes in non‐diabetic SD rats.
Exact methods and a heuristic for the optimization of an integrated replenishment‐storage planning problem
Authors: Akbalιk Ayşe , Kebe Sekoun , Penz Bernard , Sbihi Najiba 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIn this paper we study the coordination of different activities in a supply chain issued from a real case. Multiple suppliers send raw materials (RMs) to a distribution center (DC) that delivers them to a unique plant where the storage of the RMs and the finished goods is not possible. Then, the finished goods are directly shipped to multiple customers having just‐in‐time (JIT) demands. Under these hypotheses, we show that the problem can be reduced to multiple suppliers and one DC. Afterwards, we analyze two cases; in the first, we consider an uncapacitated storage at DC, and in the second, we analyze the capacitated storage case. For the first case, we show that the problem is NP‐hard in the ordinary sense using the Knapsack decision problem. We then propose two exact methods: a mixed integer linear program (MILP) and a pseudopolynomial dynamic program. A classical dynamic program and an improved one using the idea of Shaw and Wagelmans are given. With numerical tests we show that the dynamic program gives the optimal solution in reasonable time for quite large instances compared with the MILP. For the second case, the capacity limitation in DC is assumed, which makes the problem solving more challenging. We propose an MILP and a dynamic programming‐based heuristic that provides solutions close to the optimal solution in very short times.
How I Do It: Preferential Use of the Right External Jugular Vein for Tunneled Catheter Placement
Authors: Yevzlin Alexander S. , Chan Micah , Gimelli Giorgio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe describe a case in which the right external jugular vein (REJ) was preferentially used to place a tunneled catheter, even though the left internal jugular vein (LIJ) was widely patent. The possible advantage of placing REJ catheters over LIJ is that doing so may function to preserve better the left‐sided vasculature in general, and, in particular, when future left‐sided access is planned. Contrast venography was required. While REJ is a viable option for catheter insertion, the effect of REJ vs. LIJ catheter placement on long‐term vessel patency as well as catheter function must be more rigorously defined to conclusively establish the superiority of one over the other.
Can the Risk of Gadolinium be Extrapolated to Lanthanum?
Authors: De Broe Marc E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe recent recognition of gadolinium (Gd) administration as a cause of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) is a growing concern. The similarity of Gd and lanthanum (La), based on their place in the table of Mendeljev, has led to assumptions that the NSF risk of Gd in patients with kidney disease can de extrapolated to La. However, Gd and La, two trivalent cations, differ substantially in their metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and most importantly in their clinical use and toxicity. Thus, it is extremely unlikely that La can cause NSF.
ASDIN Original Investigations: How I Do It: Directional Atherectomy for In‐Stent Restenosis of a PTFE Arteriovenous Graft
Authors: Yevzlin Alexander S. , Guttormsen Brian , Chan Micah R. , Gimelli Giorgio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe describe the use of directional atherectomy (DA) to restore patency of a thrombosed polytetrafluoroethylene arteriovenous graft with an in‐stent restenosis at the venous anastomosis. Technically, the procedure described is not an atherectomy per se, but rather the removal of fibrosis and intimal hyperplasia with sharp endoluminal dissection. Certainly, the operator must be cautious when performing DA directly adjacent to a previously deployed stent. Nevertheless, our report suggests that there may be a role for DA in the treatment of severe, resistant in‐stent stenosis. Further investigation is necessary to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the described technique.
DCEP chemotherapy followed by a single, fixed dose of pegylated filgrastim allows adequate stem cell mobilization in multiple myeloma patients
Authors: Zappasodi Patrizia , Nosari Anna Maria , Astori Cesare , Ciapanna Dennis , Bonfichi Maurizio , Varettoni Marzia , Mangiacavalli Silvia , Morra Enrica , Lazzarino Mario , Corso Alessandro 
Published: February 2008

BACKGROUND: Pegylated filgrastim (PEG‐f), a long‐lasting granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor, has been used in different hematologic conditions to shorten chemotherapy‐induced neutropenia and to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells. Data on mobilization efficacy in patients with multiple myeloma are, however, still limited.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The feasibility and mobilizing capacity of DCEP chemotherapy followed by a single subcutaneous dose of 6 mg of PEG‐f in 23 myeloma patients (11 females and 12 males) whose median age was 55 years (range, 31‐67 years) were investigated.RESULTS: The median number of CD34+ cells collected was 5.72 × 106 per kg body weight with a range between 0 × 106 and 29.4 × 106 per kg body weight. Twenty patients (87%) yielded more than 2 × 106 per kg body weight CD34+ cells. Among the 22 patients who mobilized some CD34+ cells, 27 leukapheresis procedures were carried out (a single leukapheresis procedure in 17 patients and 2 leukapheresis procedures in 5). The median interval between the start of chemotherapy and the first leukapheresis procedure was 12 days (range, 11‐16 days). With regard to tolerability, 7 patients complained of mild to moderate back pain, controlled with oral analgesics. No patient was hospitalized, and no fever or infections occurred.CONCLUSION: These results, compared with those previously reported for the DCEP‐filgrastim combination, suggest that DCEP chemotherapy followed by PEG‐f is a promising combination to mobilize peripheral blood stem cells in myeloma patients.