bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Pembuatan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Bawang Dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) Berdasarkan Konsentrasi Kitosan
Authors: Liranti Nintra Mahdan , Burhanudin Muhammad , Sastyarina Yurika 
Published: March 2024

Dayak onion extract (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) is known to have strong antibacterial activity so it has the potential to be developed into a nanoparticle delivery system. Chitosan polymer has the advantage of delivering active substances because it has good stability, low toxicity, and the preparation method is quite simple. This research aims to determine the effect of variations in chitosan–tripolyphosphate (TPP) concentration on the size and polydispersity index of nanoparticles. Dayak onion extract was formulated in the form of nanoparticles using the ionic gelation method with varying concentrations of chitosan polymer: tripolyphosphate 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4%. Test parameters include determining the size and polydispersity index of nanoparticles using a particle size analyzer. The results showed that F1, F2, F3, and F4 had particle sizes of 376.6 nm, 354.7 nm, 480.1 nm, 654.0 nm, respectively, and a polydispersity index of 1.666; 1,702; 0.949; and 1,585 with heterogeneous size distribution. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it can be concluded that Dayak onion extract can be formulated in nanoparticle sizes with varying physical characteristics depending on the concentration of chitosan and tripolyphosphate used.
Keywords: Dayak onion (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.), nanoparticles, chitosan, tripolyphosphate, ionic gelation

Abstrak
Ekstrak bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.) diketahui memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang kuat sehingga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sistem penghantaran nanopartikel. Polimer kitosan memiliki kelebihan untuk menghantarkan zat aktif karena memiliki stabilitas yang baik, toksisitas yang rendah, dan metode preparasinya yang cukup sederhana. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi konsentrasi kitosan–tripolifosfat (TPP) terhadap ukuran dan indeks polidisperitas nanopartikel. Ekstrak bawang dayak diformulasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel dengan metode gelasi ionik dengan variasi konsentrasi polimer kitosan : tripolifosfat 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3%, dan 0,4%. Parameter pengujian meliputi penentuan ukuran dan indeks polidispersitas nanopartikel menggunakan particle size analyzer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa F1, F2, F3, dan F4 memiliki ukuran partikel masing-masing sebesar 376,6 nm, 354,7 nm, 480,1 nm, 654,0 nm, dan indeks polidisperisitas masing-masing 1,666; 1,702; 0,949; dan 1,585 dengan distribusi ukuran yang heterogen. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak bawang dayak dapat diformulasi dalam ukuran nanopartikel dengan karakteristik fisik yang bervariasi tergantung pada konsentrasi kitosan dan tripolifosfat yang digunakan.
Kata Kunci: Bawang dayak (Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb.), nanopartikel, kitosan, tripolifosfat, gelasi ionik
Karakteristik Teh Herbal Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) Sebagai Antioksidan
Authors: Nurfitri Nurfitri , Herman Herman , Arief Maryam Jamila 
Published: March 2024

Antioxidants can protect body cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals can damage cells and body tissue. The body has natural antioxidants but not in large quantities so the body needs antioxidants that come from outside. Antioxidants from outside the body can come from various natural ingredients native to Indonesia which have potential as antioxidants, one of which comes from cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum). This research aims to determine the antioxidant activity of cherry leaf (Muntingia calabura L.) and bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) herbal tea so that people can use it as an alternative source of antioxidants. The data collection method is carried out using instruments in the laboratory. The research results showed that cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) were identified as containing alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and terpenoids. Simplicia's characteristic data meets the requirements of SNI (Indonesian National Standards). As well as the IC50 value of herbal tea, cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) were found to be 1,39 µg/ml and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum) 1,72 µg/ml, which means they have very strong antioxidant activity because the IC50 value is <50.
Keywords: Characteristics, Herbal tea of ??cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and bay leaves (Syzygium polyanthum), Antioxidants, IC50 value

Abstrak
Antioksidan dapat melindungi sel tubuh dari kerusakan yang disebabkan radikal bebas. Radikal bebas dapat merusak sel serta jaringan tubuh. Tubuh memiliki antioksidan alami tetapi tidak dalam jumlah besar sehingga tubuh membutuhkan antioksidan yang berasal dari luar. Antioksidan dari luar tubuh dapat berasal dari berbagai macam bahan alam asli Indonesia yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan, salah satunya berasal dari daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antioksidan dari teh herbal daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) agar dapat dimanfaatkan masyarakat sebagai sumber alternatif antioksidan. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan instrumen di laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) teridentifikasi mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, dan terpenoid. Data karakteristik simplisia telah memenuhi syarat SNI (Standar Nasional Indonesia). Serta nilai IC50 dari teh herbal didapatkan daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) yaitu 24,9344 µg/ml dan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) 48,9666 µg/ml yang berarti memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat karena nilai IC50 nya <50.
Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Teh herbal daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dan daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum), Antioksidan, nilai IC50.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Jamur Endofit Daun Belimbing Hutan (Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr)
Authors: Azzahra Nurvidya Sistha , Naspiah Nisa , Febrina Lizma 
Published: March 2024

Belimbing hutan (Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr) is recognized as a distinctive plant in East Kalimantan, commonly used by the local community for treating internal diseases, postpartum conditions, abdominal pain, and urinary tract disorders. The benefits of belimbing hutan cannot be separated from the compounds contained in it. However, the limited population makes exploration of this plant hampered. Endophytic fungi are an interesting alternative for exploring secondary metabolites from this plant. To date, there have been no scientific reports on endophytic fungus of belimbing hutan. This research successfully isolated and characterized three isolates from the leaves of belimbing hutan with isolate codes IJP1 exhibiting white colonies with a cotton-like texture, IJP2 colonies are white and fiber-shaped, IJH1 with green colonies accompanied by concentric circles. The diversity of endophytic fungi in belimbing hutan leaves opens up possibilities for discovering potential compounds from the extracts of these fungi.
Keywords: Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr, Endophytic Fungi, Isolation, Characterization

Abstrak
Belimbing hutan (Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr) dikenal sebagai tanaman khas Kalimantan Timur yang umumnya digunakan sebagai obat penyakit dalam, obat pasca melahirkan, sakit perut dan gangguan saluran kemih oleh masyarakat sekitar. Khasiat dari belimbing hutan ini tidak terlepas dari senyawa yang terkandung di dalamnya. Namun, populasi yang terbatas membuat eksplorasi tumbuhan ini menjadi terhambat. Jamur endofitik merupakan salah satu alternatif menarik untuk mengeksplorasi metabolit sekunder dari tanaman ini. Sepanjang pengetahuan, belum ada laporan ilmiah mengenai jamur endofitik belimbing hutan. Penelitian ini berhasil mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi tiga isolat dari daun belimbing hutan dengan kode isolat IJP1 yang memiliki karakteristik koloni berwarna putih dan tekstur halus seperti kapas, IJP2 koloni berwarna putih dan berbentuk serabut, IJH1 koloni berwarna hijau disertai lingkaran konsentris. Beragamnya jamur endofitik daun belimbing hutan membuka peluang ditemukannya senyawa potensial dari ekstrak jamur endofitik daun belimbing hutan.
Kata Kunci: Cnestis palala (Lour.) Merr, Jamur Endofit, Isolasi, Karakteristik
Observasi Klinik Penggunaan Obat Sariawan pada Remaja
Authors: Tahir Sitti Mujahida , Indriyanti Niken , Rouchmana Siti 
Published: March 2024

Thrush is a disease of the oral mucosa that is often experienced by the public. There are various options in curing thrush such as using synthetic drugs containing antiseptics or analgesics. In healing canker sores itself can also use other alternatives such as the use of natural materials that have a function as analgesics. This study aims to determine the types of canker sore treatments used by adolescents today and the effectiveness of these treatments. The method of this study is observational with the number of respondents to date is 70 respondents selected based on inclusion criteria. The results showed that there were 22 respondents who used drugs containing vitamin c. In addition there were also Triamsinolon acetonide 1 mg, Povidone Iodine, phenol crystal 14%, Policrusulen, Borax Glycerine gom 10%, Nystatin, Dequalinium chloride, with alternative treatments such as, drugs containing Glycyrrhizae Glabra Radix and Sophorae Tonkinesis Radix, Betel Black, Salt, Honey, Tomatoes, Aloe Vera Extract, Tamarind. The effectiveness of treatment is seen from the duration of treatment where the average duration of the entire treatment is 6-7 days. It was concluded that the most common treatment used by respondents was treatment containing vitamin c either in the form of drinks or in the form of chips, while the most effective treatment in terms of the duration of canker sores was the alter treatment.
Keywords: Medicine, Thrush, Recurrent Aphthous Stomatitis, Effectiveness

Abstrak
Sariawan merupakan penyakit pada mukosa mulut yang sering dialami oleh masyarakat. Terdapat berbagai pilihan dalam menyembuhkan sariawan seperti menggunakan obat sintetik yang mengandung antiseptik ataupun analgesik. Pada penyembuhan sariawan ini sendiri dapat juga menggunakan alternatif lain seperti penggunaan bahan alam yang memiliki fungsi sebagai analgesik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui macam-macam pengobatan sariawan yang digunakan remaja saat ini serta efektivitas dari pengobatan tersebut. Metode dari penelitian ini adalah observasional dengan jumlah responden hingga saat ini adalah 70 responden yang dipilih berdasarkan kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 22 responden yang menggunankan obat yang mengandung vitamin c. Selain itu terdapat juga Triamsinolon acetonide 1 mg, Povidone Iodine, phenol crystal 14%, Policrusulen, Borax Glycerine gom 10%, Nystatin, Dequalinium chloride, dengan pengobatan alternatif seperti, obat yang mengandung Glycyrrhizae Glabra Radix dan Sophorae Tonkinesis Radix, Sirih Hitam, Garam, Madu, Tomat, Ekstrak lidah buaya, Asam Jawa. Efektivitas pengobatan dilihat dari durasi pengobatan dimana durasi rata-rata dari keseluruhan pengobatan adalah 6-7 hari. Maka didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa pengobatan terbanyak yang digunakan oleh responden adalah pengobatan yang mengandung vitamin c baik berupa minuman maupun dalam bentuk keping, sedangkan efektivitas pengobatan memiliki rata-rata durasi pengobatan 6-7 hari.
Kata Kunci: Obat, Sariawan, Stomatitis Aftosa Rekuren, Efektivitas
Skrining Fitokimia dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ektrak Daun Cabai Rawit (Capsiccum frutescens L.) terhadap Staphylococcus epidermidis
Authors: Husna Annisa Nismaul , Fricillia Onny Ziasti , Rusli Rolan 
Published: March 2024

Cayenne pepper leaves (Capsiccum frutescens L.) are a plant that has many benefits, one of which is in the health sector. Scientifically, cayenne pepper leaves act as an antioxidant, antibacterial and can prevent diabetes. This activity is caused by the chemical compounds contained in the plant. This research aims to determine the antibacterial activity of cayenne pepper leaf extract. The extraction process was carried out using 70% ethanol solvent using the maceration method. From the extraction results, 221.5 grams of thick extract was obtained so that the yield value was 31.57%. The results of the phytochemical screening test on the 96% ethanol extract of cayenne pepper leaves (Capsiccum frutescens L.) showed that the 96% ethanol extract of cayenne pepper leaves contained alkaloids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and flavonoids. The results showed that cayenne pepper leaf extract has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria with inhibitory extract power at concentrations of 5%, namely 1.82 mm, 10%, namely 3.42 mm, and 15%, namely 6.04 mm.
Keywords: Cayenne pepper leaves (Capsiccum frutescens L.), phytochemicals, yield value, antibacterial

Abstrak
Daun cabai rawit (Capsiccum frutescens L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat salah satunya di bidang kesehatan. Secara ilmiah daun cabai rawit berperan sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri dan dapat mencegah diabetes. Aktivitas tersebut disebabkan oleh kandungan senyawa kimia yang terdapat di dalam tanaman tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak daun cabai rawit. Proses ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dengan metode maserasi. Dari hasil ekstrasi didapatkan ekstrak kental sebanyak 221,5 gram sehingga nilai rendemen diperoleh 31,57%. Hasil uji Skrining fitokimia pada ekstrak etanol 96% daun cabai rawit (Capsiccum frutescens L.) menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% daun cabai rawit mengandung alkaloid, saponin, tannin, terpenoid dan flavonoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun cabai rawit memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Staphyloccocus epidermidis dengan daya hambat ekstrak pada konsentrasi 5% yaitu 1,82 mm, 10% yaitu 3,42 mm dan 15% yaitu 6,04 mm.
Kata Kunci: Daun cabai rawit (Capsiccum frutescens L.), fitokimia, nilai rendemen, antibakteri
Disaster Risk in Canada – A Data-Driven Discussion
Authors: Agrawal Nirupama , Adjikari Indra , Yiu Nathan 
Published: March 2024

In a haphazardly changing climate, decision makers and practitioners need new insights based on historical disasters, demographic and socioeconomic shifts, and modifications in the built environment. The COVID-19 has exposed systemic vulnerabilities at all levels. Reflections on past disasters and practices regarding measures to reduce disaster losses, overlaid with insightful understandings and interpretations to suit current times, must allow for new pathways. This study attempts to achieve just that. It examines natural disasters in Canada since the 1900s as well as census data to track the demographics and socioeconomic scenarios. At the initial assessment, considering the most frequent natural disasters (floods, extreme cold, severe thunderstorms, tropical storms and storm surge, landslides, drought, wildfires, earthquakes, and epidemics), Canada experienced 844 events since 1900. A province-based distribution of these disasters suggests that Ontario is ranked first with 158 major events, followed by Quebec, Alberta, and British Columbia, with over 100 events each. The maritime provinces have also had their share of disasters, and so have the northern communities and territories. In terms of population changes, between 1901 and 2019, Ontario has grown over 560%, Quebec 50%, Alberta 325%, and BC a whopping 2,700%.
The study specifically explores the following: disaster types and the scale of their impact on people, properties, and the environment; the demographic and socioeconomic status; an investigation of what measures are currently in place to ensure the building of resilience and coping capacity at the institutional level. The measures include provincial and federal tools for hazard identification and risk assessment that inform policy, emergency response plans, landuse planning, etc. Further investigation is recommended to cover a wide range of vulnerability indicators of the population, as well as the institutional systems and policies in place for developing a robust set of tools to mitigate disaster impacts in the future. This is a preliminary analysis of the entire country in the hope of making a case for a national strategy for disaster adaptive capacities and resilience and climate adaptation.
Point of care lung ultrasonographic findings in patients with clinical diagnosis of severe childhood community acquired pneumonia in the tropics
Authors: Akinmoladun Janet , Atalabi Omolola Mojisola , Falade Adegoke Gbadegesin , Mortimer Kevin , Ogunniyi Adesola 
Published: March 2024

Objectives:
This study aimed at defining the Lung ultrasonographic (LUS) features of severe Childhood community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in under-5s with clinical pneumonia, as well as the correlation between clinical and ultrasonographic findings.

Materials and Methods:
A prospective descriptive study conducted at the Children Emergency Ward of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria over a 1-year period. Children aged 1month to 59 months, with clinical features of severe pneumonia were recruited for the study. LUS was done at the bedside. Ethical approval was obtained for the study.

Results:
There were 86 children with mean age ± SD of 13.59 ± 15.55 and 50 (58.1%) males. The highest number of patients (56, 65.1%) were in the 1-12-month age group. Ultrasonographic signs of pneumonia were detected in 68 (79.1%) of the children; 55(64%) had consolidation, 29(23.3%) showed florid B-lines and 20 (23.3%) had pleural fluid. Duration of cough, and crackles on auscultation were the only features that showed significant association with the LUS diagnosis of pneumonia.

Conclusion:
LUS is a good point of care diagnosis of CAP in under-5 children and it can be safely done at the bedside. It is therefore recommended as a first line imaging modality in children with clinical suspicion of CAP in the Tropics.
A comprehensive review on the ethnopharmacological and therapeutic perspectives of psychoactive plants
Authors: J Malavika , Athira  , K Thenmozhi 
Published: March 2024

Psychoactive plants have been an integral part of human societies for centuries, serving various cultural, spiritual, and therapeutic purposes. This review explores the ethnopharmacological and therapeutic aspects of psychoactive plants. The present study emphasizes existing knowledge on the psychoactive constituents and pharmacological properties of certain plants, shedding light on their psychoactive effects and potential therapeutic applications. Additionally, the present review examines the challenges associated with the use of psychoactive plants, including legal and ethical considerations by amalgamating ethnopharmacological insights with modern scientific perspectives, the current study explores comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of psychoactive plants, emphasizing the need for balanced approaches that respect cultural heritage while ensuring safety and promoting responsible use of green medicine in contemporary society.
Evaluation of air quality through various bioparameters near Valankulam lake, Coimbatore
Authors: B Ramachandran , J Yaazhini , U Danya , S Vimal Priya 
Published: March 2024

Road and bridge construction close to lakes generates a lot of dust, which pollutes the air in that area. This is about the negative effects of vegetation activities. Some have the tolerance capacity, while others do not, leading to adverse effects. The study focuses on the air pollution tolerance index (APTI) of trees near Valankulam Lake in Coimbatore. Physiological and biochemical factors were employed to determine the APTI. The leaves of 19 trees were collected for the study and tested for ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll concentration, leaf pH, and relative water content. Albizzia lebbeck was found to have the highest tolerance value (88.81), followed by Ficus religiosa, Bougainvillaea spectabilis, Nerium oleander, Ricinus communis, Thevetia peruviana, Azadirachta indica and Tamarindus indica. Tectona grandis (8.01) is the most vulnerable to pollution, followed by Pongamia pinnata, Vitex negundo and Tecoma stans. According to the findings, the tolerant species can serve as a source, while the sensitive plants serve as a signal of pollution.
Коріння пропутінських політичних симпатій Віктора Орбана
Authors: Земський Юрій , Мудрик Юрій 
Published: March 2024

У міжнародному спілкуванні сучасного європейського простору вислів: «пропутінська політика Віктора Орбана» – перестав бути просто висловом, яким характеризували певний час, донедавна самобутність політичного курсу Угорщини. Впродовж останніх двох років сам зміст угорської політики став міжнародною проблемою, що обговорюється, аналізується, створює чималі труднощі на теренах ЄС, й потребує вирішення. Засади демократії, звичайно, вимагають шанувати будь який електоральний вибір, якщо він реалізований з дотриманням базових принципів вільного волевиявлення. Однак, коли угорське суспільство схвалює позицію своєї влади, що не приєднується до дій із належного протистояння відвертим прецедентам наруги над самими основами міжнародного права – це викликає занепокоєння і спонукає до вивчення проблеми.
Аналіз еволюції політичних поглядів і заяв особисто В. Орбана, а також партії, яку він очолює, і з якою перемагає вчетверте підряд на виборах – дозволяє констатувати, що вони віднайшли ті «чутливі точки» в угорському суспільстві, що дозволяють їм завжди бути актуальними та затребуваними, як виразники інтересів більшості угорців. Більше того, тримаючи тривалий час владу, партійці з політичного кола В. Орбана своїми діями самі підживлюють серед угорців ті настрої, які вимагають винятково того політичного курсу, що пропонується владою. Темою, що ідеально «єднає угорський народ із владою», репрезентованою партійцями В. Орбана – стала національна пам’ять про «велике минуле своєї вітчизни, що було незаконно окрадене сусідами». Тобто, тема «Великої Угорщини» та «Тріанонського договору», який ту державу «обікрав» – вміло розпалює національні переживання сучасних угорців і стабільно дозволяє бачити саме у партії В. Орбана єдину силу, яка «належно усвідомлює» вагу вказаної «національної трагедії».
Отже, вибудовування політичної атмосфери в Угорщині, у сенсі налагодження відносин між владою та народом – цілком уподібнюється до таким же чином вибудованої політичної атмосфери в Росії, де також влада «годує свій електорат» спогадами про «велике минуле, незаконно відібране хижими лібералами-демократами ворожого Заходу». Не випадково росіянам стабільно і послідовно навіюється, що розвал СРСР є найбільшою їхньою національною трагедією минулого століття.
Тому є підстави припустити, що саме російський досвід політичного маніпулювання став взірцевим для наслідування партією В. Орбана. Адже, насправді, у росіян впродовж десятиліть успішно імітується дотримання базових принципів демократії, а тим часом влада залишається незмінною, і водночас «купається в любові» вдячного та щасливого народу. Саме така реальність є привабливою для В. Орбана, і тому його «пропутінська політика» насправді є лише наслідуванням російської політтехнологічної методології «обробки власного електорату».