bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simulation von Variablen der Fließgewässerqualität mittels Mehrfachregressionen
Authors: Gnauck A. , Schramm M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThere are investigated the variables O2, BOD5, seston, NO3‐N, NH4‐N and o‐PO4 from at least five‐year series of five stations along a river section of 50 km. After exclusion of a linear trend and substraction of the individual monthly mean values from the monthly mean of many years in order to eliminate the effect of the annual variation as well as testing for normal distribution, first the correlation coefficients of the variables to the flow rate Q and the temperatures of air and water are determined, which show directional changes just in the longitudinal profile of the river. The same holds for the correlation of the variables between the measuring points. From this the model structure is derived, according to which the concentration at one measuring station can be simulated by multiple regression to Q and T at the same level as well as the concentration at the upper level. The results are discussed in detail and evaluated with respect to their inclusion in longterm management models of water quantity management.
Dynamischer Zinkaustausch an umweltrelevanten anorganischen Festphasen
Authors: Woitke P. , Henrion G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe fixation of slightly soluble substances on inert carriers offers the possibility to examine the exchange of heavy metals at these phases under dynamic conditions. Investigations are presented for the exchange of Zinc under various conditions (pH, different concentrations of other cations such as Na+ and Ca2+ or of NTA as a chelating agent) on fixed MnO2‐hydrate, Fe(OH3), CaCO3 and a natural clay‐slate. Batch‐experiments showed that all phases are able to sorb Zinc with MnO2‐hydrate as the best sorbent for this metal (highest sorption constant and capacity). Column desorption experiments demonstrate that a decrease of the pH of the aqueous phase or an addition of NTA remobilise Zinc from MnO2‐hydrate, Fe(OH)3, CaCO3 and also from the clay‐slate. The same effect of releasing sorbed metal (with exception of the CaCO3‐phase) show Na+ or Ca2+ containing solutions. Therefore Zinc is bonded under natural conditions on the oxihydrates and the clay‐slate in a labile, ion‐exchangeable form in contrast to CaCO3, on which Zinc is sorbed probably as the carbonate.
Verfahren zur Verhinderung von Verockerungserscheinungen an Steigleitungen, Filterbrunnen, Brunnenelementen und anderen wasserführenden Objekten. Teil 3: Einsatzmöglichkeiten und Ergebnisse an Praxisanlagen
Authors: Fischer R. , Reissig H. , Bach J. , Sauer U. , Schwarz H. , Gottschalk K.‐O. , Petrich S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAfter the description of the present state of knowledge and the theoretical fundaments as well as the results of laboratory and field experiments given in preceding communications, this part presents the results from the application in a rising pipe of a well in an open‐cast lignite mine. There is represented the technical design of the electrochemical polarization system, inclusive of the power supply, for anodic polarization. At current densities of the order of μA/cm2 the pipe does not show any noticeable ferric incrustation after five months, whereas previously after half that period the pipe was half that period the pipe was half‐clogged.
Influence of Mixtures of Phenols and Metals on Luminous Bacteria
Authors: Stom D. I. , Geel T. A. , Shahova G. V. , Aprelkova N. F. , Medvedeva S. E. , Menshikova O. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe toxic action of bicomponent mixtures of phenols and heavy metals on luminous bacteria has been studied. It was established that phenolic compounds displaying properties of structural‐specific agents whose influence is based on chemical reactions with receptors in mixtures with heavy metals of mercury, cadmium in low concentrations caused additive, and with the increase of metal concentration‐more than additive, effects.Phenolic compounds acting as structurally‐nonspecific agents (resorcinol), whose toxicity is stipulated by their physico‐chemical properties, produce a less than additive effect in a mixture with heavy metals.
Zur Phosphatbestimmung im Grundwasser
Authors: Gelbrecht J. , Zwirnmann E. , Driescher E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractContrary to surface water, groundwaer is mainly anoxic and contains high iron(II) concentrations. Consequently, results of ortho‐phosphate analyses often show a systematical underestimation since phosphate is coprecipitated or adsorbed by precipitating iron(III) hydroxide. This process is caused by aeration during sampling, storing and filtration of groundwater samples. The error of P‐analyses can only be reduced by sampling and filtrating under inert gas and by an immediate addition of the chemicals for the molybdenum blue method. Storage of unfiltered, acidified samples is possible, too.
Ein BASIC‐Programm zur statistischen Auswertung von mikroskopischen Partikelzählungen
Authors: Recknagel R.‐D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn many biological counting problems it is known that under ideal conditions repeated counts follow a Poisson distribution. This is true, for example, for counts of bacteria in a number of equal volumes from a well‐mixed suspension. In order to indicate whether counts show more variability than can usually be expected from a Poisson distribution it is customary to use the index of dispersion. A BASIC‐program written for personal computers is given which allows a rapid statistical evaluation of count data by means of the dispersion index. The program can be used, moreover, for some other tasks, too, such as the computation of confidence bounds, the testing of hypotheses and the planning of counting processes.
Zur Struktur der Phasengrenze Metallo xid/Elektrolyt‐Potentialbildung und Ladungsbilanz
Authors: Ender V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDetails of the formation of potentials at a metal‐oxide/H2O interphase are described. On the one hand the whole potential drop consists of one fixed (HELMHOLTZ layer) and two diffuse parts (space charge in the oxide phase and GOUY layer in the electrolyte), on the other hand it is given as sum of free charges and dipols. Besides the PZC the charge distribution is determined above all by the pH value of the electrolyte under conditions without an external current. The following cases can be qualitatively distinguished in connection with the important pH22°c =7.
Zur adsorptiven Eliminierung ausgewählter Pestizide aus wäßrigen Lösungen. Teil 2: Gemischadsorption von 2,4‐Dichlorphenol und 8‐Hydroxychinolin
Authors: Rozen M. , Kümmel R. , Worch E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCompetitive adsorption equilibria were determined for mixtures consisting of the biologically active xenobiotics 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 8‐hydroxyquinoline. The adsorption data as well as their pH dependence could be adequately represented by using numerical solutions of the IAS theory and the potential theory, respectively. Breakthrough curves for various adsorptive systems are discussed for the compounds under consideration with respect to competition effects.
Accumulation of DDT Residues in the Testes of Channa punctatus (Bloch): A Gas Liquid Chromatographic Analysis
Authors: Shrivastava R. S. , Singh R. P. , Sharma A. , Verma D. K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractResidues of DDT isomers accumulated in the testes of Channa punctatus (BLOCH) were quantitatively estimated by exposing the fish to 2.5 ppm sublethal concentration for 32 days. The study revealed a high accumulation of DDT residues in the testes. The maximum concentration of residues was noted on the 32nd day of the experiment. The DDT isomer accumulated in maximum concentrations was followed by DDE and DDD isomers. The maximum residue concentrations were 0.3221 ppm (DDT), 0.1119 ppm (DDE) and 0.0695 ppm (DDD) on the 32nd day of the experiment. The total DDT residue concentration at the final interval was 0.563 ppm.
Determination of Phosphate in Saudi Arabian Waters
Authors: Salem F. B. , Ghannam Sh. M. Al 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe procedures for the determination of phosphate are based on the reduction of molybdophosphoric heteropoly acids using ascorbic acid. Measurements of the complex products formed with rhodamine B and chlorophenol red dyes and the reduced molybdophosphoric acid are made at 490 and 510 nm with molar absorptivities of 28571 and 20949 l/mol. cm with each dye, respectively. Phosphate could be determined in the concentration ranges of 0.44 to 1.21 and 0.44 to 1.32 μg/l PO4‐P with rhodamine B and chlorophenol red dyes, respectively. The results obtained are compared with those of molybdophosphoric acid with rhodamine B and chlorophenol red using stannous chloride as reducing agent. These procedures are used for the determination of phosphate in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Ergebnisse bakteriologischer und chemischer Wasseruntersuchungen von Hallenbädern des Bezirkes Leipzig unter besonderer Berücksichtigung von Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Carmienke I. , Partisch M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present paper 350 investigations of indoor swimming pools in the district of Leipzig are reported. Together with our experience on a modified Pseudomonas aeruginosa incubation method a mathematico‐statistical analysis of all experimental results is described. The data emphasize the importance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa for bathing water hygiene.
Impact of Urban Surroundings on Some Limnological Characteristics of a Tropical Aquatic Ecosystem
Authors: Shardendu  , Ambasht R. S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe water quality of an urban pond in the thickly populated area of Varanasi city (5 km apart) was studied and compared with a rural pond in the Banaras Hindu University campus for transparency, conductivity and nutrient richness (Cl−, SO, POP, NON, organic carbon, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Na+) at three depths (surface, 1.5 m, 3 m) at monthly intervals between February 1982 and February 1983. This was done to assess the effects of urban surroundings of a very ancient city sector on pond water quality in reference to that of a rural pond. The rural pond had a lush growth of 12 macrophytic species, whereas the urban one had only such a growth with many phytoplanktonic species. Transparency was maximum in the winter season and the rural pond water was more transparent, while the electrolytical conductance was maximum in the rainy season, being higher in the urban pond. Electrolytical conductivity was negatively correlated to transparency: urban: EC = 1081.612–6.575 T, r2 = 0.897, F1,11 = 96, P <0.005; rural: EC = 728.981–4.328 T, r2 = 0.892, F1,11 = 91, P <0.005.Chloride and sulphate concentrations were highest in summer months, but the former was much higher in the urban pond while the latter in the rural pond. NO3–N was highest in the rainy season in the rural pond and in early winter in the urban one and showed a definite trend with change in depth. PO4–P also varied with depth and time and it was higher in late summer and the early rainy season in the rural pond and in early winter in the urban pond. But both these nutrients were much higher in the urban pond. The maximum organic carbon concentration was found in the rainy season in the rural pond and in summer months in the urban pond. The variation of organic carbon with depth was distinct. Both summer and winter seasons showed almost similar values of calcium concentration in the rural pond, but in the urban pond it was maximum in summer. Organic carbon and calcium were higher in the urban pond. The magnesium concentration was highest in rainy months in both the ponds, but the periodicity of the minimum differed. The distribution of calcium with depth was not well defined. The highest concentration of potassium was found in the winter season in both the ponds. The sodium concentration in the rural pond was observed maximum in summer and minimum in the rainy season, but in the urban pond the trend was different. The variation of potassium and sodium with depth was not well defined. Magnesium and sodium were also higher in the urban pond but potassium was almost at the same concentration in both the ponds. The effect of urbanisation may be one of the factors which might be responsible to the shift of the species composition towards phytoplanktonic flora.
Über die Entfernung von Schwermetallionen aus Betriebsabwässern durch Ultrafiltration. Teil 2. Theoretische Fundierung der gewonnenen Erkenntnisse an Modellösungen unter Zusatz von Komplexbildnern
Authors: Waeschke H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPossible formulae of complex compounds of copper and polyacrylic acid as well as polysulfonic acid are demonstrated. The formal complex dissociation constants of the complexes with copper and acrylic acid are developed. The actual concentration of unbonded copper ions under different media conditions are calculated in terms of the formal complex dissociation constants of the most important complex compound for ultrafiltration consisting of one copper ion and two acrylic acid monomer units. As a result follows the theoretical retention capacity of membranes and the underlying limit of the concentration of metal ions for the economical application of ultrafiltration. Most of the experimental findings in the first part have been given their theoretical foundation.
Antimicrobial Activity of Seaweeds
Authors: Sridhar K. R. , Vidyavathi N. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe literature on the bioactivity of seaweeds against bacteria, fungi, viruses and protozoa has been consulted to provide a consolidated report. Information on seaweed metabolites which are antimicrobial in nature is also briefly reported. An appendix provides the details on kind of seaweed, location, period of collection, active compound against microorganisms and reference source. It is possible to derive the details in connection with antimicrobial activity of seaweeds pertaining to regions, seasons, chemical nature and their activity against microorganisms.
Apparatus for Flow‐Through Testing of the Toxic Effect of Volatile Matter
Authors: Soldán P. , Roček J. , Lazecký P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a continuous‐flow system for use in testing the toxicity of dissolved compounds to aquatic organisms. This system can be used as a reliable device for volatile compounds, too. We used chloroform and benzene as the model substances. The proposed apparatus consists of two main parts‐the first part serves for a continuous preparation of a saturated solution of toxicant, the other one for a continuous dilution of toxicant and for a delivery of toxicant solutions to the individual test vessels. This device has two advantages: simple construction and reliability in operation.
Zur Wirkung von Singulettsauerstoff bei der Wasseraufbereitung
Authors: Walther H.‐J. , Böckelmann K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOn the laboratory scale investigations are carried out into the action of singlet oxygen, which is generated in water by addition of sodium‐hypochlorite and hydrogen‐peroxide solution, on Elbe river water and model waters. DOC does not change; COD, however, decreases considerably. The advantages and drawbacks of the treatment are stated.
Microbial Activity of Bottom Sediments in a Stabilization Pond
Authors: Janeček M. , Vinšová M. , Macurová H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Pond of Dvorec, used for a final treatment of waste waters and at the same time for fish breeding, has been observed working in an assimilation and later on in a stabilization mode (SVOBODA and KOUBEK). The data on the chemical composition and microbiological properties of its sediments are given. A comparative analysis of the stabilization pond sediments and the sediments of the second stabilization pond have shown a high purification function. An influence of temperature, aeration and thickness of the layer upon a microbial activity and a release of the substance into the water environment were verified in laboratory experiments. A higher layer of sediments can, above all at increased temperatures, negatively influence the water quality for fish breeding. After composting the drawn pond sediments can be recommended for the fertilization of an agricultural land in near surroundings.
Schwermetallrückgewinnung aus ammoniumhaltigen Industrieabwässern mit Hilfe von Carbonsäureaustauschern
Authors: Fischwasser K. , Konheiser C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOn a bench scale the treatment of electroplating effluents (ZnCl2, NiCl2, NH4Cl, NH3 and two polyether compounds) with Wofatit CA20 is investigated. If the capacity of the resin is utilized to a high degree for the heavy metal ions, the organic matter remains in the filtrate. The results are discussed with regard to the recovery and waste‐disposal technology on a large scale.
The management of water quantity and the nutrient budget of the waters in Berlin (East)
Authors: Rummel W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe drinking water consumption in Berlin (East) amounted to about 151.5.106 m3/a, the proportion of the population having been 58= (per‐capita consumption without industry: 200 l/d). About 85= of the resources of groundwater and bank‐filtered river water of 560 × 103m3/d were utilized. The rivers Spree, Dahme and the other tributaries are strongly loaded with nutrients already upstream of Berlin (East). The lake Greater Müggelsee, which is important as a drinking water resource and for recreation, is highly eutrophic. Matter conversion processes and balances as well as effects on the nutrient budget due to changes of sewage treatment processes are explained by the example of the waters in the northern part of Berlin (East). Numerous sanitation and restoration proposals were repeatedly submitted to the competent ministry in the eighties, but only a little part of them was realized.
Heavy Metal Load of Sediments of the River Gurk (Carinthia/Austria) — Merits and Limitations of Sequential Leaching Schwermetallbelastung des Sediments der Gurk in Kärnten — Vorzüge und Einschränkungen sequentieller Löseverfahren
Authors: Sager M. , Vogel W. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBy means of the analysis of sediments cored in the small river Gurk (Carinthia/Austria), the input of Ag, Cd, Ce, Cr, Hg, La, Mo, Ni, V, and W from a chemical industrial plant could be detected. To estimate the actual load, and to obtain data for comparison with other sites, both unsieved fine sediments and sediments sieved to 20 μm were investigated from the same cores. Environmental mobilities of toxic heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn) have been shown by sequential leaching following Tessier/Förstner. In the last step, HNO3 leaches a purely geogenic fraction, which is fairly constant along the investigated river. Whereas the additional Cr from the input of the chemical plant is mainly found in the oxalate‐leachable fraction, short‐time‐load to unpolluted sediments in the laboratory is found mainly in hydroxylamine/acetic acid. Both is due to the high affinity of Cr to Fe‐ and Mn‐oxides. Adsorption/desorption experiments reveal that the low carbonate content of the Gurk sediments increases the importance of Fe/Mn‐oxides for the sorption of Cr compared to other samples containing carbonate. The Ni‐load was primarily found in weak‐acid‐leachable and oxalate‐leachable fractions. Similarly, the oxalate‐leachable fraction is dominant for adsorption of other metals and phosphorus. Other interelement relationships among the amounts leached, which are attributable partly to carbonate‐, silicate‐, organic or coating phases, have been found by means of factor analyses together with marker fractions for each type.
Historische Entwicklung einer Sedimentbelastung: Gedächtnis einer Industrieregion Historical Trends of Sediment Loads: Memory of an Industrial Region
Authors: Klös H. , Schoch C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDie chronologische Entwicklung der Sedimentbelastung mit Schadstoffen beginnend mit dem Jahr 1907 wurde an der Lippe gemessen. Dieser Fluß entwässert das nördliche Ruhrgebiet in den Rhein. Durch Bergsenkungen und regelmäßige Überschwemmungen während Hochwasserperioden hat sich im Eingangsbereich eines Rheinaltarms ein ausgedehntes, natürliches Sedimentlager gebildet, das mehrfach durch Grabungen angeschnitten wurde. Da bei waren gleichförmige, ungestörte Schichtungen der farblich gut abgestuften Horizonte festgestellt worden. Das Alter der Sedimenthorizonte wurde aufgrund der darin vorhandenen Radioaktivitäts‐Konzentrationen von 226Ra, 210Pb, 137Cs und 134Cs bestimmt. Die Korngrößenverteilungen wiesen übereinstimmend eine Tonfraktion von 10% auf. Im einzelnen werden die Historien der Belastungen von Arsen, Barium, Blei, Cadmium, Quecksilber, Zink sowie von Polyzyklischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen, Hexachlorbutadien, Polychlorierten Biphenylen, Dibenzo‐Dioxinen und ‐Furanen und den Summenparametern TOC, EOX, AOX dargestellt und mit historischen Emissionsereignissen der Region verglichen.
Anwendung einer enzymatischen Methode zur Charakterisierung von Huminstoffen Enzymatic Characterization of Humic Substances
Authors: Jahnel J. B. , Schmiedel U. , Abbt‐Braun G. , Frimmel F. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEs wird eine Methode zur enzymatischen Hydrolyse von Huminstoffen vorgestellt. Das dafür eingesetzte Enzym spaltet spezifisch Aminosäuren ab, die nach Vorsäulenderivatisierung und HPLC‐Trennung mit einem Fluoreszenzdetektor erfaßt werden. Die ermittelten Aminosäuregehalte von Huminstoffen unterschiedlicher Herkunft werden verglichen und den Ergebnissen nach Anwendung der klassischen Säurehydrolyse gegenübergestellt. Grenzen und Möglichkeiten der beschriebenen enzymatischen Methode zur Charakterisierung von Huminstoffen ergeben sich durch den Vergleich beider Hydrolysemethoden und durch Berücksichtigung von Effekten wie Enzymhemmung und Enzymspefizität.
Determination of Pesticides by HPLC Bestimmung von Pestiziden durch HPLC
Authors: Schlett C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUsing solid phase extraction followed by HPLC, various pesticides of different chemical structure, thermolabile or polar components included, can be separated and quantitated chromatographically in a single run. Due to longer elution times compared to gas chromatography, only a limited number of components can be determined at the same time. According to our experience, all components relevant for a water catchment area can be covered. With the use of diode‐array‐detectors the identification of components can be done with sufficient security by comparison of spectra of reference sample and analytical peak. The determination limit is 0.025 μg/L with few exceptions.
Pesticides in the River Rhine Pestizide im Rhein
Authors: Brauch H.‐J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSince 1987 significant decrease of pesticide concentrations in the river Rhine has been observed. This is due to the improvement of waste water treatment processes and the closing of some pesticide production sites in the Rhine basin area. Whereas in the last years point pollution from waste water effluents was the dominant source for pesticide input into the river, nowadays the nonpoint pollution (diffuse runoff) becomes more and more important. This leads to seasonal occurrence or to higher concentration peaks after application in agriculture. Only for atrazine and its metabolite desethylatrazine very low „background”︁‐levels could regularly be found along the river and all over the year. Furthermore pesticide metabolites and byproducts seem to be interesting for evaluating pesticide pollution in the river Rhine.
Kombinierter Natrium‐ und Chloridaustausch als Vorstufe der Membranentsalzung von Wasser Sodium‐Chloride Ion Exchange of Water before Membrane Demineralization
Authors: Pavlova St. , Dobrevski I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNachgewiesen wird die Möglichkeit der Vorreinigung von Wasser, das für die Membranentsalzung bestimmt ist, mittels Natrium‐Chloridaustausch. Das behandelte Wasser weist folgende Werte auf: KMnO4‐Verbrauch weniger als 1.0 mg O2/dm3; MF0.45‐Wert weniger als 150 s; Gesamteisengehalt weniger als 50 μg/dm3. Diese Wasserwerte entsprechen den Anforderungen aller Typen von Membranen für die Umkehr‐Osmose und die Elektrodialyse.