bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Does Education Affect Religiosity? Causal Evidence from a Conservative Emerging Economy
Authors: Özer Mustafa , Fidrmuc Jan , Mentzakis Emmanouil , Özkan Özcan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Does education make people more or less religious? The previous literature offers mixed findings on the relationship between education and religiosity. This may be due to endogeneity bias: education and religiosity can be caused by a third variable such as culture or upbringing. We instrument education by exposure to the 1997 education reform in Turkey which increased mandatory schooling from 5 to 8 years. The schooling reform increased the probability that young girls would complete 8 years of schooling and report lower religiosity later in life. The reform apparently did not influence such outcomes for boys. These effects are observed primarily in females growing up in strongly religious or poor areas.
Epicardial cavernous haemangioma; A case report of a unique incidental finding
Authors: Cheaban Rayan , Piran Misagh , Opacic Dragan , Gummert Jan F , Rojas Sebastian V 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Primary cardiac tumours are rare, accounting for only 0.002–0.03% at autopsy. Cardiac haemangiomas are benign vascular tumours and constitute for 0.28% of all primary cardiac tumours. Cavernous haemangiomas, capillary haemangiomas, and arteriovenous haemangiomas are three distinct types. Cardiac haemangiomas are often misdiagnosed as myxomas and must be differentiated from malignant angiosarcomas.

Case summary
We present a 44-year-old Mediterranean male patient with a cavernous haemangioma in the inferior vena cava and right atrium, detected on transthoracic echocardiography. The patient experienced palpitations and dyspnoea on exertion. Computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed a 7.5 × 6 × 5 cm mass suspected to be perfused by the distal right coronary artery. A watch-and-wait approach was suggested, leading to a cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with contrast 6 months later. T1 mapping exhibited a prolonged relaxation time and isointensity to the myocardium. T2 mapping revealed a homogenous hyperintense mass with heterogenous late enhancement. Surgical excision was performed using a bicaval cannulation technique on cardiopulmonary bypass. Intraoperatively, no connection to the coronaries was noted. At 1 year follow-up, the patient reported restored physical resilience, with no evidence of tumour recurrence.

Discussion
Clinical symptoms of cardiac cavernous haemangiomas are unspecific and become evident once the tumour grows. To investigate the nature and vascular involvement of the tumour, a contrast-enhanced CT angiography or MRI can be performed. Cardiac haemangiomas are often misdiagnosed and must be differentiated from malignant angiosarcomas. Clear guidelines for the treatment of cardiac haemangiomas in adult patients are lacking. Primary cardiac tumours require thorough investigation, and surgical intervention should be tailored to the individual’s case.
Single Cell RNAseq Analysis of Cytokine-Treated Human Islets: Association of Cellular Stress with Impaired Cytokine Responsiveness
Authors: Stancill Jennifer S , Kasmani Moujtaba Y , Cui Weiguo , Corbett John A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Pancreatic β-cells are essential for survival, being the only cell type capable of insulin secretion. While they are believed to be vulnerable to damage by inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interferon-gamma, we have recently identified physiological roles for cytokine signaling in rodent β-cells that include the stimulation of antiviral and antimicrobial gene expression and the inhibition of viral replication. In this study, we examine cytokine-stimulated changes in gene expression in human islets using single-cell RNA sequencing. Surprisingly, the global responses of human islets to cytokine exposure were remarkably blunted compared to our previous observations in the mouse. The small population of human islet cells that were cytokine responsive exhibited increased expression of IL-1β-stimulated antiviral guanylate-binding proteins, just like in the mouse. Most human islet cells were not responsive to cytokines, and this lack of responsiveness was associated with high expression of genes encoding ribosomal proteins. We further correlated the expression levels of RPL5 with stress response genes, and when expressed at high levels, RPL5 is predictive of failure to respond to cytokines in all endocrine cells. We postulate that donor causes of death and isolation methodologies may contribute to stress of the islet preparation. Our findings indicate that activation of stress responses in human islets limits cytokine-stimulated gene expression, and we urge caution in the evaluation of studies that have examined cytokine-stimulated gene expression in human islets without evaluation of stress-related gene expression.
An Intersectional Approach to Understanding the Psychological Health Effects of Combining Work and Parental Caregiving
Authors: Brady Samantha , Patskanick Taylor , Coughlin Joseph F 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Role theory suggests occupying simultaneous family caregiving and employment roles in midlife may exert positive and negative effects on psychological health. However, there is a lack of causal evidence examining the degree to which combinations of these roles influence psychological health at the intersection of gender and racial identity.

Methods
Longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study (2004–2018) are used to estimate a series of individual fixed effects models examining combinations of employment status and parental caregiving situation on Center for Epidemiological Studies—Depression Scale (CES-D) depression scores among Black and White men and women aged 50–65. Subsequent models were stratified by intensity of caregiving situation and work schedule.

Results
Individual fixed effects models demonstrate combining work, and parental caregiving is associated with greater depressive symptoms than only working, and with lower depressive symptoms than only caregiving, suggesting that paid employment exerts a protective effect on psychological health whereas parental caregiving may be a risk factor for depressive symptoms in later life. Analyses using an intersectional lens found that combining paid work with parental caregiving exerted a protective effect on CES-D scores among White women and men regardless of participants’ intensity of care situation or work schedule. This effect was not present for Black men and women.

Discussion
Accounting for intersectionality is imperative to research on family caregiving, work, and psychological health.
Rates of resistance and heteroresistance to newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors for carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales
Authors: Lin Christina K , Page Alex , Lohsen Sarah , Haider Ali A , Waggoner Jesse , Smith Gillian , Babiker Ahmed , Jacob Jesse T , Howard-Anderson Jessica , Satola Sarah W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Heteroresistance (HR), the presence of antibiotic-resistant subpopulations within a primary isogenic population, may be a potentially overlooked contributor to newer β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) treatment failure in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections.

Objectives
To determine rates of susceptibility and HR to BL/BLIs ceftazidime/avibactam, imipenem/relebactam and meropenem/vaborbactam in clinical CRE isolates.

Methods
The first CRE isolate per patient per year from two &gt;500 bed academic hospitals from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021, were included. Reference broth microdilution (BMD) was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility, and population analysis profiling (PAP) to determine HR. Carbapenemase production (CP) was determined using the Carba NP assay.

Results
Among 327 CRE isolates, 46% were Enterobacter cloacae, 38% Klebsiella pneumoniae and 16% Escherichia coli. By BMD, 87% to 98% of CRE were susceptible to the three antibiotics tested. From 2016 to 2021, there were incremental decreases in the rates of susceptibility to each of the three BL/BLIs. HR was detected in each species–antibiotic combination, with the highest rates of HR (26%) found in K. pneumoniae isolates with imipenem/relebactam. HR or resistance to at least one BL/BLI by PAP was found in 24% of CRE isolates and 65% of these had detectable CP.

Conclusion
Twenty-four percent of CRE isolates tested were either resistant or heteroresistant (HR) to newer BL/BLIs, with an overall decrease of ∼10% susceptibility over 6 years. While newer BL/BLIs remain active against most CRE, these findings support the need for ongoing antibiotic stewardship and a better understanding of the clinical implications of HR in CRE.
Why do people think price fixing is unfair? An empirical legal study on public attitudes in the USA
Authors: Delvasto Carlos , Acevedo Ruben 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The present article advances the understanding of antitrust law by providing theoretical considerations and empirical results of people’s attitudes towards price fixing, specifically within the context of fairness in US antitrust laws. Attitudes were obtained through experimental surveys on Amazon Mechanical Turk in the USA between 2018 and 2021. The empirical results suggest that perceptions of fairness influence public attitudes towards price fixing. Moreover, consumer reaction to price fixing will depend on how the consumer perceives the rules of fairness underlying the competitive market mechanism and the point used to set prices (dual entitlement theory). Results indicate that perceived outcomes and consequences of market transactions influence respondents’ judgment of price fixing. For example, public attitudes will be more lenient whenever a cost-increasing event outside firms’ control affects firms’ profit. The main implication of these findings is that antitrust authorities should not take for granted that people view price fixing as unfair and therefore consider how fairness considerations play out in their approach when dealing with price-fixing cases. The suggestion is for antitrust authorities to focus corporate compliance programmes on people’s attitudes to improve compliance to prevent cartel agreements.
Computational Drug Discovery in Diaphragm Dysfunction via Text Mining and Biomedical Database
Authors: Hailiang Bai , Xiafen Bai , Xingxia Hao , Jiake Chai , Yunfei Chi , Shaofang Han , Chen Chen , Yang Chang , Hongjie Duan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The diaphragm, which is crucial for ventilation, is the primary muscle responsible for inspiration. Patients with severe burns who experience diaphragmatic dysfunction have an increased risk of mortality. Unfortunately, there are currently no effective medications available to prevent or treat this condition. The objective of our study is to utilize bioinformatics to identify potential genes and drugs associated with diaphragmatic dysfunction. In this study, text-mining techniques were utilized to identify genes associated with diaphragmatic dysfunction and recovery. Common genes were then analyzed using GO and KEGG pathway analysis, as well as protein–protein interaction network analysis. The obtained hub genes were processed using Cytoscape software, and their expression levels in diaphragmatic dysfunction were validated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) in severe burn rats. Genes that were confirmed were then examined in drug–gene interaction databases to identify potential drugs associated with these genes. Our analysis revealed 96 genes that were common to both the “diaphragm dysfunction” and “functional recovery” text mining concepts. Gene enrichment analysis identified 19 genes representing 10 pathways. qRT-PCR showed a significant increase in expression levels of 13 genes, including CCL2, CCL3, CD4, EGF, HGF, IFNG, IGF1, IL17A, IL6, LEP, PTGS2, TGFB1, and TNF, in samples with diaphragmatic dysfunction. Additionally, we found that a total of 56 drugs targeted 5 potential genes. These findings provide new insights into the development of more effective drugs for treating diaphragmatic dysfunction and also present substantial opportunities for researching new target pharmacology and promoting drugs in the pharmaceutical industry.
Pathological response in resectable non–small cell lung cancer: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis
Authors: Waser Nathalie A , Quintana Melanie , Schweikert Bernd , Chaft Jamie E , Berry Lindsay , Adam Ahmed , Vo Lien , Penrod John R , Fiore Joseph , Berry Donald A , Goring Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Surrogate endpoints for overall survival in patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer receiving neoadjuvant therapy are needed to provide earlier treatment outcome indicators and accelerate drug approval. This study’s main objectives were to investigate the association among pathological complete response, major pathological response, event-free survival and overall survival and to determine whether treatment effects on pathological complete response and event-free survival correlate with treatment effects on overall survival.

Methods
A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted to identify neoadjuvant studies in resectable non–small cell lung cancer. Analysis at the patient level using frequentist and Bayesian random effects (hazard ratio [HR] for overall survival or event-free survival by pathological complete response or major pathological response status, yes vs no) and at the trial level using weighted least squares regressions (hazard ratio for overall survival or event-free survival vs pathological complete response, by treatment arm) were performed.

Results
In both meta-analyses, pathological complete response yielded favorable overall survival compared with no pathological complete response (frequentist, 20 studies and 6530 patients: HR = 0.49, 95% confidence interval = 0.42 to 0.57; Bayesian, 19 studies and 5988 patients: HR = 0.48, 95% probability interval = 0.43 to 0.55) and similarly for major pathological response (frequentist, 12 studies and 1193 patients: HR = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.29 to 0.44; Bayesian, 11 studies and 1018 patients: HR = 0.33, 95% probability interval = 0.26 to 0.42). Across subgroups, estimates consistently showed better overall survival or event-free survival in pathological complete response or major pathological response compared with no pathological complete response or no major pathological response. Trial-level analyses showed a moderate to strong correlation between event-free survival and overall survival hazard ratios (R2 = 0.7159) but did not show a correlation between treatment effects on pathological complete response and overall survival or event-free survival.

Conclusion
There was a strong and consistent association between pathological response and survival and a moderate to strong correlation between event-free survival and overall survival following neoadjuvant therapy for patients with resectable non–small cell lung cancer.
Site-specific patterns of early-stage cancer diagnosis during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Kinslow Connor J , DeStephano David M , Neugut Alfred I , Taparra Kekoa , Horowitz David P , Yu James B , Cheng Simon K 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread disruptions in cancer care. We hypothesized that the greatest disruptions in diagnosis occurred in screen-detected cancers. We identified patients (≥18 years of age) with newly diagnosed cancer from 2019 to 2020 in the US National Cancer Database and calculated the change in proportion of early-stage to late-stage cancers using a weighted linear regression. Disruptions in early-stage diagnosis were greater than in late-stage diagnosis (17% vs 12.5%). Melanoma demonstrated the greatest relative decrease in early-stage vs late-stage diagnosis (22.9% vs 9.2%), whereas the decrease was similar for pancreatic cancer. Compared with breast cancer, cervical, melanoma, prostate, colorectal, and lung cancers showed the greatest disruptions in early-stage diagnosis. Uninsured patients experienced greater disruptions than privately insured patients. Disruptions in cancer diagnosis in 2020 had a larger impact on early-stage disease, particularly screen-detected cancers. Our study supports emerging evidence that primary care visits may play a critical role in early melanoma detection.
Social Functioning and Other Considerations for Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Kerns Connor M. , Albano Anne Marie , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the section on Social Functioning and Other Considerations for Differential Diagnosis in the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version, with Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS/ASA): Parent Interview Schedule (PIS). This section gathers information regarding the child’s social functioning, sensory sensitivity, and cognitive rigidity. The information gained here provides an important context for understanding the nature and severity of the child’s anxiety and help differentiate difficulties that may be due to Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) as opposed to those due to anxiety. Indeed, understanding the child’s interest in social interaction and bullying history is critical to evaluate the extent to which their social anxiety is maladaptive and interfering. Meanwhile, understanding a child’s sensory sensitivity and tendency to perseverate is critical to evaluate the extent to which these difficulties may play into possible Specific Phobias and Generalized Anxiety Disorder. Finally, specific ratings also help to capture a distinct presentation of social anxiety in children on the autism spectrum, where the child may present as anxious in social situations but is not concerned about negative evaluation or judgment from others and may have limited interest in engaging socially.
Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child and Parent Version: Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS/ASA)
Authors: Kerns Connor M. , Silverman Wendy K. , Albano Anne Marie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter outlines the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version: Autism Spectrum Addendum (ADIS/ASA). The ADIS/ASA is a version of the ADIS Parent Interview designed to facilitate differential diagnosis and assessment of anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD) in children on the autism spectrum. It assesses for OCD as well as Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia), Generalized Anxiety Disorder, and Specific Phobia. In addition, the ADIS/ASA queries for distinct expressions of anxiety that also commonly arise in children on the autism spectrum, such as anxiety associated with sensory sensitivities, executive functioning differences (e.g., difficulties shifting attention), repetitive and restricted behaviors, emotion recognition deficits, social immaturity, and theory-of-mind deficits. The ADIS/ASA is most relevant and useful for children ages 7 to 18 years for whom Autism Spectrum Disorder is suspected or already diagnosed. Moreover, the ADIS/ASA may be clinically useful for youth with more severe intellectual deficits or communications deficits.
School Refusal Behavior
Authors: Albano Anne Marie , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the School Refusal Behavior section of the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version: Parent Interview Schedule (PIS). In this section, the interviewer should record as “No” those responses that reflect typical child school-related anxiety and record as “Yes” those responses that reflect excessive anxiety. If the child is homeschooled due to anxiety, the interviewer may inquire about the child's emotional status and reactions when they were last in school. Evidence of significant school refusal behavior warrants clarification and further examination within each of the DSM-5 diagnostic categories. School refusal is not a diagnostic category by itself but might be a behavioral manifestation of a clinical disorder.
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Albano Anne Marie , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter looks at the section on Separation Anxiety Disorder in the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version: Parent Interview Schedule (PIS). For the child to meet diagnostic criteria for Separation Anxiety Disorder, the parent must respond “Yes” to at least three symptoms from Questions 1–8, report duration greater than 4 weeks in Question 9, and report significant distress or interference in functioning. The interviewer should also inquire whether the child is in a current episode or not. It is important to evaluate the chronology of this disorder. Through the Feelings Thermometer, the interviewer should then measure how much the disorder interfered with the child's friendships, caused problems at school or at home, or stopped the child from doing the things they would like to do.
Interpersonal Relationships
Authors: Albano Anne Marie , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter highlights the section on Interpersonal Relationships in the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version: Parent Interview Schedule (PIS). If the child/adolescent does not telephone, text, or use any social media, the interviewer may inquire about any family rules or limitations placed on these outlets. Meanwhile, Questions 11a–c are to probe for ways that anxiety interferes with the child taking on age-appropriate self-advocacy and engagement with others. The interviewer should consider the age and developmental level of the child in further inquiry concerning parent-initiated contact. If it appears that there is more contact than typical or necessary for the child's age, the interviewer may inquire for reasons why the parent(s) reach out to the child with stated frequency.
Agoraphobia
Authors: Albano Anne Marie , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter discusses the section on Agoraphobia in the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version: Parent Interview Schedule (PIS). If the parent's response to Question 2 suggests that they did not understand Question l, or if the parent's “Yes” response to Question l appears to be the result of another anxiety disorder; or if the parent cites an obvious nonagoraphobic situation, then it is important to review Question l, emphasizing, rewording, and clarifying the specifics with which the parent had difficulty. The interviewer may continue only if the parent reports the child experiencing a “true” Agoraphobic experience in response to Question 2 or after further probing. Otherwise, the interviewer may skip to the section on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The next step is to measure how scared the child feels in certain situations by using the Feelings Thermometer. For situations that the parent endorses with a rating of 4 (Some) or greater, the interviewer should inquire about avoidance.
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Authors: Albano Anne Marie , Silverman Wendy K. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter details the section on Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Anxiety and Related Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM-5, Child Version: Parent Interview Schedule (PIS). In assessing for obsessions, persistence is first assessed, followed by distress and resistance. The interviewer should list and rate each obsession using the Feelings Thermometer. Diagnosis of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder requires the presence of persistent obsessions, compulsions, or both (more than 1 hour each day) that are repetitive and difficult to control. In addition, the symptoms must cause marked distress or cause significant interference in functioning. If no evidence of obsessions or compulsions is obtained, the interviewer may skip to the section on Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)/Acute Stress Disorder.