bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The contribution rate of climate driven net primary productivity growth of vegetation has significantly increased, while human activities dominated its decrease from 1982 to 2020 in China
Authors: Chen Qi , Shi WenJiao , Zhou Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Changes in vegetation net primary productivity (NPP) are primarily influenced by climate change and human activities, but understanding the dominant factors and their contributions at different time stages remains unclear. Here, we developed a method to quantify the relative contributions of climate and human factors to vegetation NPP in China over the past 40 years, using three types of NPP based on multi-source data sets - actual NPP (aNPP), potential NPP (pNPP) and human occupied NPP (hNPP). The results revealed a strong correlation (R2 = 0.7629, p < 0.001) between the estimated values of the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) model and the measured values. The results showed that from 1982 to 2000, the annual average aNPP in China was 501.0 g C/m² with a sum annual aNPP of 378.2 Tg C. From 2001 to 2020, the annual average aNPP increased to 517.1 g C/m² with a sum annual aNPP of 391.1 Tg C. The increase or decrease in aNPP from 1982 to 2000 was primarily influenced by human activities, with contribution rates of 34.26% and 50.43%, respectively. From 2001 to 2020, climate became the dominant factor in the increase of aNPP (contribution rate of 43.90%), while human activities became the dominant factor in the decrease of aNPP (contribution rate of 83.75%). The study also revealed a significant positive correlation between aNPP and precipitation, temperature, and gross domestic product (GDP), as well as a negative correlation with population density. Overall, the upward trend of climate-dominated aNPP is gradually increasing (12.24–43.90%), while the downward trend of human-dominated aNPP is also gradually increasing (50.43–83.75%). This study is benefit to a comprehensive understanding of the driving forces of vegetation aNPP changes, and provide scientific strategies for vegetation adaptation to climate warming.
Continuous measurement in neurocritical care of cerebral blood flow (CBF) calculated from ICP and central venous pressure
Authors: Ryding Erik , Reinstrup Peter 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The cerebral blood flow, CBF, is an important clinical parameter in neuro-intensive care. The possibility to continuously monitor CBF, computed from referential ICP (rICP, calculated from measured ICP and mean CVP) and venous outflow resistance, Rv, could importantly improve patient care. The theoretical background involves rICP (the venous perfusion pressure) and the pulsative part of CBF (with rICP increase due to vascular volume increase) which gives the venous outflow resistance, Rv. rICP divided with Rv then gives CBF. The parameters rICP, Rv and CBF were then calculated in the same way in nine subjects from measurements of ICP and of intracerebral venous volume increase. The result was two methods for continuous monitoring of CBF from rICP, one using the systolic ICP increase, and one using the relationship between Rv and rICP at rICP exceeding about 10 mmHg, The constant monitoring of rICP opens the possibility to constantly monitor CBF and other clinical parameters, like venous outflow resistance, and mean arteriolar sphincter resistance.
Comparative analysis of light storage in antirelaxation-coated and buffer-gas-filled alkali vapor cells
Authors: Đujić Marin , Buhin Danijel , Šantić Neven , Aumiler Damir , Ban Ticijana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

We explore light storage in antirelaxation-coated and buffer-gas-filled alkali vapor cells, employing electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in warm rubidium vapor.We conduct a comparative study of light storage performance under identical experimental conditions for these two cell types. Using a buffer-gas-filled cell resulted in approximately a tenfold improvement in memory efficiency and storage time compared to antirelaxation-coated cells.Moreover, we demonstrate that memory efficiency can be further enhanced by choosing a near-resonant EIT $\Lambda$-scheme over a resonant one. Our findings provide valuable insights for optimizing light storage, thereby contributing to the development of field-deployable quantum memories.
Weighing China's Fast Deployment of Offshore Wind Turbines through Satellite Images
Authors: Wang Peng , Li Shujun , Li Wen , Li Jiashuo , Biyani Nivedita , Chen Wei-Qiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Offshore wind turbines are being deployed at an unprecedented scale, mainly driven by China, to combat the global climate crisis. However, these wind turbines are highly material-intensive, which has aroused wide concerns on potential supply risks and end-of-life material decommissioning and management. Here, we develop an integrated Energy Infrastructure-Material Stock monitoring approach of offshore wind turbines (EIMS_owt) using satellite images to quantify the in-use stock of components (rotor, nacelle, tower, and cable) and materials (bulk metals, rare earth, and others) for each turbine unit in China. We captured the installment and operational data of nearly all existing offshore wind turbines and witnessed a 22-fold increase from 267 turbines in 2015 to 5921 turbines by 2022. Meanwhile, we find that over two-thirds of those turbines, associated with 4.5 million tons (Mt) of critical components such as rotors and nacelles in 2022, are located at offshore distance exceeding 20 kilometers, posing large challenges for their operation and waste management. It is estimated that around 3.5 Mt of steel, 157 kilotons (kt) of copper, 41 kt of aluminum, and 2.3 kt of rare earth are contained in those components, highlighting the prospective value of their future recycling. Accordingly, our approach provides a high-resolution and up-to-date monitoring solution to help both China and other countries in improving sustainable performance of their wind energy infrastructure.
Topic: Exploring the link between Metformin use and adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder: a retrospective cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Bing-Sian , Chien Wu-Chien , Lu Chieh-Hua , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Tsao Chang-Huei , Weng Zi-Xeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

ObjectiveThe risk of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder in diabetic patients taking metformin has not been evaluated. We aimed for evaluating the relative risk of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder in diabetic patients taking metformin at the level of the whole country population.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using a national health insurance database in Taiwan from 2000 to 2013. We used International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, to categorise the medical condition for study group and comparison group. We used Cox proportional hazard regression analyses to determined adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder between study and comparison group after adjusting for sex, age and comorbidities.ResultsAmong 13863 diabetic patients using metformin, 1294 patients were diagnosis with adhesive capsulitis of shoulder during follow up. Of the 55452 patients without the use of metformin, 5227 patients developed adhesive capsulitis of shoulder. Adhesive capsulitis of shoulder risk was elevated in patients taking metformin than in non-metformin group (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.064, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.000 to 1.321; p = 0.048).ConclusionsRisk of adhesive capsulitis of shoulder among the diabetic patients taking metformin was higher than those did not taking metformin. It indicated that metformin may cause fibrosis in joint capsule.
What, How and Where: An Assessment of Multi-Level European Climate Mitigation Policies
Authors: Bellanca Margherita 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The European Green Deal's goal of making Europe the first climate-neutral continent by 2050 requires a nuanced mix of policies across different sectors and levels of governance. This paper analyses three decades of climate policy from a historical perspective to provide insights into the multi-level policy framework within the EU and its Member States. The paper uses the Climate Policy Dataset to assess European climate policies from 1990 to 2020. The assessment is guided by three key perspectives: policy density, sectoral focus and policy instruments. Two new indicators are proposed for policy evaluation: the emissions coverage indicator, which assesses sectoral application, and the Policy Mix Thickness Index (PMTI), which measures policy complexity. The paper aims to enhance our understanding of the effectiveness and comprehensiveness of EU climate policies. The analysis shows that the policy packages of the EU and its Member States have evolved in a complementary manner, both in terms of sectoral focus and instruments used.
Studying Disease Reinfection Rates, Vaccine Efficacy and the Timing of Vaccine Rollout in the context of Infectious Diseases
Authors: Amona Elizabeth B. , Sahoo Indranil , Boone Edward L. , Ghanam Ryad 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The global landscape has undergone distinct waves of COVID-19 infections, compounded by the emergence of variants, thereby introducing additional complexities to the ongoing pandemic. This research uniquely explores the varied efficacy of existing vaccines and the pivotal role of vaccination timing in the context of COVID-19. Departing from conventional modeling, we introduce two models that account for the impact of vaccines on infections, reinfections, and deaths. We estimate model parameters under the Bayesian framework, specifically utilizing the Metropolis-Hastings Sampler. The study conducts data-driven scenario analyses for the State of Qatar, quantifying the potential duration during which the healthcare system could have been overwhelmed by an influx of new COVID-19 cases surpassing available hospital beds. Additionally, the research explores similarities in predictive probability distributions of cumulative infections, reinfections, and deaths, employing the Hellinger distance metric. Comparative analysis, utilizing the Bayes factor, underscores the plausibility of a model assuming a different susceptibility rate to reinfection, as opposed to assuming the same susceptibility rate for both infections and reinfections. Results highlight the adverse outcomes associated with delayed vaccination, emphasizing the efficacy of early vaccination in reducing infections, reinfections, and deaths. Our research advocates prioritizing early vaccination as a key strategy in effectively combating future pandemics. This study contributes vital insights for evidence-based public health interventions, providing clarity on vaccination strategies and reinforcing preparedness for challenges posed by infectious diseases.
Factors predicting the outcome of transurethral resection of prostate in uncontrolled diabetic patients with significant post voiding residual urine: A cohort study
Authors: Abdelaziz¹ Ahmed Yehia , Hammoud¹ Khaled Morsi , Abdelrasoul¹ Mohammed Abdu , Rammah¹ Ahmed , Ahmed Hany , Abdelwahab Mohammed 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background: Diabetics have significantly greater BPH severity of symptoms when compared with the healthy controls. This study aims to evaluate which diabetic patient with lower urinary tract symptoms due to BPH will benefit from trasurethral resection of prostate (TURP).
Patients & Methods: A cohort study of 40 male diabetic patients presented with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and diagnosed to have benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by ultrasound in the period between May 2021 and November 2022. All of them had post voiding residual urine(PVR) more than 300 cc, international prostate symptom score (IPSS) more than 8, and prostate volume less than 80 gm. We also excluded patients with other neurological diseases, stroke or history of endoscopic or surgical treatment of BPH. All patients were preoperatively evaluated by carful history taking to detect IPSS, quality of life ( Qol), preoperative abdomen-pelvic ultrasound, residual urine (PVR), urine, flowmetry and urodynamic study in all patients. Mono-polar transurethral resection of prostate (TURP) with spinal anesthesia was done in all patients by the same team. We monitored postoperative improvement by follow up the patients after 2 weeks, one month, three months, and one year. Filling cystometry and pressure flow study was done three months postoperatively.
Results: The mean age was 66.1 ±7.4 years old. Twenty patients presented with refractory urine retention with the use of alpha blocker. The mean prostate volume by abdominal ultrasound was 69.3 ±8.9 with the mean residual urine 373.2 ±41.2. There was postoperative significant improvement in maximum flow (Q max), residual urine (PVRU), quality of life, IPSS and bladder contractility index (BCI).
Correlation of these parameters improvement and preoperative factors showed significant correlation between this improvement and preoperative BCI, age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, PVR, infected urine culture, preoperative IPSS and bladder capacity (P values ≤0.0001). No significant correlation with bladder capacity, prostate volume, sensations and detrusor over activities.
Conclusions: TURP is safe and effective in treatment of obstructive urinary symptoms in BPH uncontrolled diabetic patients with large PVRU. Patients age, duration of diabetes, HbA1c, urinary infection, preoperative BCI and IPSS have a great effect on postoperative improvement.
Prediction of the failure behavior of pseudo-ductile composites using a multi-scale finite element model
Authors: Abdellahi Behzad , Azhari Fatemeh , Nguyen Phu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The hybridization technique has recently been used to produce a new generation of composites called pseudo-ductile composites, which have shown higher failure strain compared to conventional composites, minimizing the risks of the occurrence of a catastrophic failure. The pseudo-ductility behavior in these composites is obtained by hybridization of fibers with high and low failure strains. In this study, a multi-scale finite element (FE) model incorporating micro and macro-scales is proposed to predict the failure behavior of pseudo-ductile composites. A micro-scale representative volume element (RVE), consisting of randomly distributed fibers, was generated using a Python code. Periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) were applied to the RVE generated with a periodic geometry. To account for fiber failure and ply fragmentation, the tensile strength of fibers was distributed based on the Weibull distribution function and a user-defined UMAT subroutine was developed. Tensile loading was then applied to the RVE to simulate the composite’s mechanical behavior. For validation, an RVE was developed based on experimental data from recent research on thin-ply and conventional thickness composites. Numerical results were compared to experimental data, demonstrating acceptable agreement. In the final step, following a sequential multi-scale modeling approach, a macro-scale model was constructed based on the outputs of the micro-scale model subjected to tensile and shear loads. The results were compared with experimental data, revealing good agreement. The proposed model allows for the optimization of pseudo-ductile composite structures to achieve a desired set of mechanical properties without the need for conducting extensive experimental material tests.
The effect of (±)-4-NO 2 -propranolol, (±)-7-NO 2 -propranolol, and (±)- propranolol on the rat isolated right atrium
Authors: Oliveira Denis Lima , Cardoso Vinicius Francisco , Britto-Júnior Jose , Fuguhara Vivian , Frecentese Francesco , Sparaco Rosa , Santagada Vincenzo , Caliendo Giuseppe , Antunes Edson , De Nucci Gilberto 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
6-Nitrodopamine (6-ND) is released from rat isolated atria and has positive chronotropic action, which is selectively blocked by β1-adrenoceptor antagonists at concentrations that do not affect the positive chronotropic effect induced by dopamine, noradrenaline, and adrenaline. Here the effects of (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol, and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol, were investigated in the rat isolated right atrium. The atrium was mounted in gassed (95%O2:5%CO2), heated (37°C) glass chambers, containing Krebs-Henseleit’s solution. Tissues were allowed to equilibrate under a resting tension of 10mN for 1 hour, and the isometric tension was registered using a PowerLab system. (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol, caused concentration-dependent falls in the spontaneous atrial frequency (pEC50 were 4.80 ± 0.10, 4.64 ± 0.10, and 4.95 ± 0.10, respectively). Noradrenaline (1nM–30µM), and adrenaline (1nM–100µM), caused concentration-dependent increases in atrial rate. The calculated pA2 values for (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol, and (±)-7-NO2-propranol obtained for noradrenaline-induced positive chronotropic effects were 8.21 ± 0.35, 6.41 ± 0.21, and 8.35 ± 0.35, respectively. The positive chronotropic effect induced by 6-ND (10pM) was blocked by (±)-propranolol (1µM), and (±)-4-NO2-propranolol (30nM). (±)-7-NO2-propranol (1µM) had no effect on 6-ND (10pM)-induced increases in atrial rate. The pEC50 of (±)-propranolol, (±)-4-NO2-propranolol and (±)-7-NO2-propranolol were significantly shifted to the right in L-NAME treated atria. The discrepancy between pA2 values of (±)-propranolol and its respective pEC50 indicates that the falls in atrial rate induced by (±)-propranolol should not be attributed to b-adrenergic antagonism. The finding that (±)-4-NO2-propranolol causes falls in spontaneous atrial rate only in concentrations that affect 6-ND positive chronotropic effect, confirms the role of this catecholamine as endogenous modulator of heart chronotropism.
Breast cancer metastasis to the colon with incompatible receptors: A case report and literature review
Authors: Li Huimeng , Yang Liying , You Baogan , Sun Xiqiang , Liu Gongwu , gao weiwei , xie fengming 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Background
The metastasis of breast cancer to the colon is a rare occurrence, especially in the presence of changes in estrogen and progesterone receptors. To date, literature has only reported three cases of invasive ductal carcinoma metastasizing to the colon with concurrent changes in hormone receptors.
Case presentation: This report describes a 65-year-old female with a history of left breast cancer, who presented with symptoms of bloody stools and abdominal pain. CT and colonoscopy revealed a malignant tumor in the ascending colon, and the patient underwent surgery. Pathological results post-surgery indicated changes in hormone receptors, differing from the previous breast cancer pathology, ultimately leading to the diagnosis of breast cancer metastasis to the colon. The patient was found to have liver metastasis 14 months after surgery, and systemic metastases in various locations were discovered at the 19-month mark.
Conclusions
Patients with previous breast cancer should be aware of the possibility of colon metastases, even if receptor changes occur.
Quantification and size classification of Microplastics leached from disposable beverage cups
Authors: Agarwal Priya , Prakash Satya , Saini Gaurav 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study is a detailed investigation into the size variations of the microplastic (MP) particles that are released from “common use” paper cups into the hot beverages. Therefore, this study was aimed at quantification and size classification of MPs released through hot liquids contained in paper cups. It was observed that as many as 6,00,000 microplastic particles can potentially be released into 100 ml hot beverage in a disposable paper cup during 15 min of exposure time. The released MPs with various morphological features, observed through SEM imaging, includes defined shapes (spherical and rod-like) and also irregularly shaped particles. The size distribution revealed a predominance of MPs in 2–5 µm size range with a small fraction of particles larger than 15 µm. The composition of the released particles was found to be high density polyethylene (HDPE). It has been estimated that routine users of beverages in such cups may unconsciously ingest 219 million particles annually by using a single cup daily and around 657–876 million of MPs in a year due to use of 3–4 cups per day. Therefore, the consumption of beverages in such cups could potentially affect the health of human beings and release MPs into the environment.
Hematological Values of Two Species of Amazonian Caimans, Caiman crocodilus AND Melanosuchus niger
Authors: Oliveira Adriano Teixeira , Santos Marcio Quara Carvalho , Lemos Jefferson Raphael Gonzaga , Santos Adriene Núzia Almeida , Guimarães Cristiane Cunha , Ribeiro Maiko Willas Soares , Faggio Caterina , Aride Paulo Henrique Rocha 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The Amazon is one of the most biodiverse regions for crocodilians globally. Four of the five Amazonian caimans species exist in the Brazilian Amazon region. Determining hematological values is essential to provide baseline health and condition data. We evaluated the hematological parameters of free-living specimens of Caiman crocodilus and Melanosuchus niger from the middle Negro River region of Brazil. We captured 18 C. crocodilus and 16 M. niger, which averaged 60.5 ± 13.0 cm and 46.1 ± 18.5 cm in total length, respectively. Blood was drawn using syringes containing 10% EDTA, and blood parameters were determined according to the previously described methodology. The analyzed erythrocyte parameters were similar between the species, demonstrating that, despite presenting different sizes, they have similar strategies for absorption and transport of oxygen in the blood. In the morphological analysis of blood cells, erythrocytes, erythroblasts, thrombocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, azurophils, heterophils, and basophils were found and, in the quantification of leukocytes and thrombocytes, it was noted that lymphocytes are the central cells in the blood of Caiman of Amazonian. In the results found for plasma metabolites, no significant differences were observed between glucose and total protein levels. The information generated herein is intended to aid in establishing management plans, conservation, and farming of these species of Caiman Amazonian.
Resoluteneuronet: Deep Learning-based Segmentation and Classification Covid-19 Using Chest X-ray Images
Authors: Junia Catherine , K Selvan 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

The worldwide healthcare systems are facing substantial problems because of impending COVID-19 pandemic epidemic, necessitating rapid, accurate diagnosis for effective management and control. Chest X-ray (CXR) imaging is a valuable diagnostic tool for identifying COVID-19-related lung abnormalities. However, manual interpretation of CXR images was time-consuming and prone to inter-observer variability. Thisstudy proposes a DL approach to address the limitation of automated COVID-19 segmentation and classification utilizing CXR images. The approach segments and classifies COVID-19. The distinction between COVID-19 and healthy patients in this study was made using CXR images. Using the histogram equalization technique, the gathered CXR images are preprocessed. We can obtain images of the lungs by utilizing the “conditional generative adversarial network” (C-GAN) to segment the raw CXR images. Next, significant points were extracted from the segmented lung pictures using the Wavelet Transform(WT) to remove discriminatory features. In this study, we developed a classification method called ResoluteNeuroNet (Resolute-NN), used in the final stage to classify COVID-19 and standard lung images. The accuracy of our proposed model's performance was compared to that of the currently used COVID-19 detection methods. The experimental findings for our suggested practice demonstrate Resolute-NN superiority over the presently used state-of-the-art approaches.