bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nanoimprint lithography and surface modification as prospective technologies for heterogeneous integration
Authors: Kehagias N. , Hu W. , Reboud V. , Lu N. , Dong B. , Chi L. , Fuchs H. , Genua A. , Alduncín J. A. , Pomposo J. A. , Mecerreyes D. , Sotomayor Torres C. M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNanoimprint lithography offers the possibility to pattern wafer‐scale surfaces with nm‐sized structures in polymers reaching the 10 nm lateral size. Printable polymers can be tailored to have a surface upon which molecules self‐assemble. Furthermore, the resulting surfaces may be heterogeneously structured with or without etching away parts of imprinted polymers, in order to provide a flexible platform for structured surfaces with functional materials. We review progress in these combined approaches and discuss three examples: (a) a process to modify printed surfaces in order to grow polymer brushes, (b) a technique to realise patterned surfaces with different emission colours by using a one‐step gas phase deposition of a single type of molecules on pre‐patterned solid substrates and (c) a general method suitable to pattern different conducting polymer species at the nanoscale range by combining nanoimprint lithography process and a lift‐off process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Micro‐ and nano‐particle manipulation by dielectrophoresis: devices for particle trapping and the influence of steric effects
Authors: Loucaides N. G. , Ramos A. , Georghiou G. E. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this paper the concept of trapping biological nanoparticles, by utilizing Dielectrophoresis (DEP), is investigated in a system of parallel electrode arrays. The method is analyzed using a Smoluchowski equation that describes the time evolution of the concentration of the particles.A modification is introduced in the Smoluchowski equation in order to take into account the finite particle dimensions and therefore constrain the maximum possible concentration to physically realistic limits. The results are finally compared with the non‐steric case and for different particle sizes of the steric model. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Antifungal activity of alkanols againstZygosaccharomyces bailiiand their effects on fungal plasma membrane
Authors: Fujita Ken‐Ichi , Fujita Tomoko , Kubo Isao 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA series of aliphatic primary alkanols from C6to C13were tested for antifungal activity against a food spoilage fungusZygosaccharomyces bailiiusing a broth dilution method and were compared for their effects againstSaccharomyces cerevisiaeandZ. rouxii. Decanol (C10) was found to be the most potent fungicide againstZ. bailiiat a minimum fungicidal concentration of 50 µg/ml (0.31 mM), whereas undecanol (C11) was found to be the most potent fungistatic at a minimum inhibitory concentration of 25 µg/ml (0.14 mM). The time‐kill curve study showed that decanol was fungicidal againstZ.bailiiat any growth stage. Octanol (C8) increased plasma membrane fluidity in the spheroplast cells ofS. cerevisiae. The primary antifungal action of alkanols comes from their ability to disrupt the native membrane‐associated function of integral proteins nonspecifically as nonionic surface‐active agents (surfactants). The antifungal activity of decanol againstZ. bailiiwas slightly enhanced in combination with anethole. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resveratrol induces apoptosis and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes
Authors: Rayalam Srujana , Yang Jeong‐Yeh , Ambati Suresh , Della‐Fera Mary Anne , Baile Clifton A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractResveratrol, a phytoallexin, has recently been reported to slow aging by acting as a sirtuin activator. Resveratrol also has a wide range of pharmacological effects on adipocytes. In this study, we investigated the effects of resveratrol on adipogenesis and apoptosis using 3T3‐L1 cells. In mature adipocytes, 100 and 200 µM resveratrol decreased cell viability dose‐dependently by 23 ± 2.7%, and 75.3 ± 2.8% (p < 0.0001), respectively, after 48 h treatment, and 100 µM resveratrol increased apoptosis by 76 ± 8.7% (p < 0.0001). Resveratrol at 25 and 50 µM decreased lipid accumulation in maturing preadipocytes significantly by 43 ± 1.27% and 94.3 ± 0.3% (p < 0.0001) and decreased cell viability by 25 ± 1.3% and 70.4 ± 1.6% (p < 0.0001), respectively. In order to understand the anti‐adipogenic effects of resveratrol, maturing 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes were treated with 25 µM resveratrol and the change in the expression of several adipogenic transcription factors and enzymes was investigated using real‐time RT‐PCR. Resveratrol down‐regulated the expression of PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP‐1c, FAS, HSL, LPL and up‐regulated the expression of genes regulating mitochondrial activity (SIRT3, UCP1 and Mfn2). These results indicate that resveratrol may alter fat mass by directly affecting cell viability and adipogenesis in maturing preadipocytes and inducing apoptosis in adipocytes and thus may have applications for the treatment of obesity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation of antioxidant, antinociceptive, and anti‐inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts fromAloe saponariaHaw.
Authors: Yoo Eun Ah , Kim Sung Dae , Lee Whi Min , Park Hwa Jin , Kim Sang Keun , Cho Jae Youl , Min Wongi , Rhee Man Hee 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAloe species are traditionally prescribed for hypertension, burning, and rheumatoid arthritis. To elucidate the mechanism of the antihypertensive and anti‐inflammatory activities of this herb, the ethanol fraction fromA. saponariaHaw. was evaluated for antioxidative activity using xanthine‐xanthine oxidase (XO) assay, 2,2‐Diphenyl‐lpicrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) assay, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)‐induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cell, and antinociceptive activity using a tail‐flick assay and hind paw pressure assay in cisplatin‐treated hyperalgesic rats. The ethanol fraction displayed potent antioxidative activities in XO assay. In addition, ethanol fractions showed potent scavenging effects in DPPH assay. We next examined whether ethanol fractions showed anti‐inflammatory activities. Ethanol fractions significantly suppressed NO production from LPS‐activated RAW264.7 cells. As expected, ethanol fractions dose‐dependently inhibited the messenger RNA expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS). Moreover, ethanol fractions potently suppressed the expression of cycloxygenase (COX)‐2 and granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF), which are stimulated by LPS in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, ethanol fractions significantly blocked cisplatin‐induced hyperalgesia using tail‐flick assay and hind paw pressure test in rats. Taken altogether, ethanol extracts of aloe may be useful as a functional food or as a drug against reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated diseases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) of tooth enamel: a comparison of solution and laser ablation multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry methods
Authors: Copeland Sandi R. , Sponheimer Matt , le Roux Petrus J. , Grimes Vaughan , Lee‐Thorp Julia A. , de Ruiter Darryl J. , Richards Michael P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStrontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) in tooth enamel provide a means to investigate migration and landscape use in humans and other animals. Established methods for measuring 87Sr/86Sr in teeth use bulk sampling (5–20 mg) and labor‐intensive elemental purification procedures before analysis by either thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS) or multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Another method for measuring 87Sr/86Sr is laser ablation MC‐ICP‐MS, but concerns have been expressed about its accuracy for measuring tooth enamel. In this study we test the precision and accuracy of the technique by analyzing 30 modern rodent teeth from the Sterkfontein Valley, South Africa by laser ablation MC‐ICP‐MS and solution MC‐ICP‐MS. The results show a mean difference in 87Sr/86Sr measured by laser ablation and by solution of 0.0003 ± 0.0002. This degree of precision is well within the margin necessary for investigating the potential geographic origins of humans or animals in many areas of the world. Because laser ablation is faster, less expensive, and less destructive than bulk sampling solution methods, it opens the possibility for conducting 87Sr/86Sr analyses of intra‐tooth samples and small and/or rare specimens such as micromammal and fossil teeth. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduction of in‐source collision‐induced dissociation and thermolysis of sulopenem prodrugs for quantitative liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis by promoting sodium adduct formation
Authors: Wujcik Chad E. , Kadar Eugene P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractSix chromatographically resolved sulopenem prodrugs were monitored for their potential to undergo both in‐source collision‐induced dissociation (CID) and thermolysis. Initial Q1 scans for each prodrug revealed the formation of intense [Prodrug2 + H]+, [Prodrug2 + Na]+, [Prodrug + Na]+, and [Sulopenem + Na]+ ions. Non‐adduct‐associated sulopenem ([Sulopenem + H]+) along with several additional lower mass ions were also observed. Product ion scans of [Prodrug3 + Na]+ showed the retention of the sodium adduct in the collision cell continuing down to opening of the β‐lactam ring. In‐source CID and temperature experiments were conducted under chromatographic conditions while monitoring several of the latter ion transitions (i.e., adducts, dimers and degradants/fragments) for a given prodrug. The resulting ion profiles indicated the regions of greatest stability for temperature and declustering potential (DP) that provided the highest signal intensity for each prodrug and minimized in‐source degradation. The heightened stability of adduct ions, relative to their appropriate counterpart (i.e., dimer to dimer adduct and prodrug to prodrug adduct ions), was observed under elevated temperature and DP conditions. The addition of 100 µM sodium to the mobile phase further enhanced the formation of these more stable adduct ions, yielding an optimal [Prodrug + Na]+ ion signal at temperatures from 400 to 600°C. A clinical liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) assay for sulopenem prodrug PF‐04064900 in buffered whole blood was successfully validated using sodium‐fortified mobile phase and the [PF‐04064900 + Na]+ ion for quantitation. A conservative five‐fold increase in sensitivity from previously validated preclinical assays using the [PF‐04064900 + H]+ precursor ion was achieved. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of small molecules in plasma with direct analysis in real time tandem mass spectrometry, without sample preparation and liquid chromatographic separation
Authors: Zhao Yeping , Lam Michelle , Wu Danlin , Mak Rowena 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRecently, a new ion source, Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART), has been introduced which allows direct biological sample introduction into a mass spectrometry (MS) system. The elimination of conventionally required sample preparation and separation by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) prior to MS analysis represents a remarkable opportunity to reduce assay turn‐around time, environmental impact and capital/manpower investment. This new technology initially was used in various qualitative applications to directly detect chemicals on solid surfaces, in liquids and gases. In this study, a DART source operating under ambient pressure with ground potential was installed onto a Sciex 4000 tandem mass spectrometer and employed in the sample analysis of plasma based on direct introduction into the DART‐MS/MS system. Reasonable precision and accuracy (%CV and %Error, both <10%) were achieved of a significant number of compounds tested in biological fluids. In addition, the limit of detection for 80% of the tested compounds reached 5 ng/mL or lower which is sufficient for pharmaceutical drug discovery support. Finally, experimental conditions that significantly impacted assay performance were investigated with respect to optimization and limitation. Because of its simplicity, fast data acquisition (3–5 s) and low cost, DART has the potential to significantly impact quantitative pharmaceutical analysis in biological matrices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of the fatty acyl profiles of phosphatidylethanolamines by tandem mass spectrometry of sodium adducts
Authors: Simões Cláudia , Simões Vanda , Reis Ana , Domingues Pedro , Domingues M. Rosário M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractPhosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) are one of the major constituents of cellular membranes, and, along with other phospholipid classes, have an essential role in the physiology of cells. Profiling of phospholipids in biological samples is currently done using mass spectrometry (MS). In this work we describe the MS fragmentation of sodium adducts of 2‐oleoyl‐1‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and 2‐linoleoyl‐1‐palmitoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphatidylethanolamine (PLPE). This study was performed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) using three different instruments and also by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS/MS). All MS/MS spectra show product ions related to the polar head fragmentation and product ions related to the loss of acyl chains. In ESI‐MS/MS spectra, the product ions [M+Na‐R1COOH‐43]+ and [M+Na‐R2COOH‐43]+ show different relative abundance, as well as [M+Na‐R1COOH]+ and [M+Na‐R2COOH]+ product ions, allowing identification of both fatty acyl residues of PEs, and their specific location. MALDI‐MS/MS shows the same product ions reported before and other ions generated by charge‐remote fragmentation of the C3–C4 bond (γ‐cleavage) of fatty acyl residues combined with loss of 163 Da. These fragment ions, [M+Na‐(R2‐C2H3)‐163]+ and [M+Na‐(R1‐C2H3)‐163]+, show different relative abundances, and the product ion formed by the γ‐cleavage of sn‐2 is the most abundant. Overall, differences noted that are important for identification and location of fatty acyl residues in the glycerol backbone are: relative abundance between the product ions [M+Na‐R1COOH‐43]+ > [M+Na‐R2COOH‐43]+ in ESI‐MS/MS spectra; and relative abundance between the product ions [M+Na‐(R2‐C2H3)‐163]+ > [M+Na‐(R1‐C2H3)‐163]+ in MALDI‐MS/MS spectra. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Enrichment of low molecular weight serum proteins using acetonitrile precipitation for mass spectrometry based proteomic analysis
Authors: Kay Richard , Barton Chris , Ratcliffe Lucy , Matharoo‐Ball Balwir , Brown Pamela , Roberts Jane , Teale Phil , Creaser Colin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA rapid acetonitrile (ACN)‐based extraction method has been developed that reproducibly depletes high abundance and high molecular weight proteins from serum prior to mass spectrometric analysis. A nanoflow liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (nano‐LC/MS/MS) multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method for 57 high to medium abundance serum proteins was used to characterise the ACN‐depleted fraction after tryptic digestion. Of the 57 targeted proteins 29 were detected and albumin, the most abundant protein in serum and plasma, was identified as the 20th most abundant protein in the extract. The combination of ACN depletion and one‐dimensional nano‐LC/MS/MS enabled the detection of the low abundance serum protein, insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I), which has a serum concentration in the region of 100 ng/mL. One‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) analysis of the depleted serum showed no bands corresponding to proteins of molecular mass over 75 kDa after extraction, demonstrating the efficiency of the method for the depletion of high molecular weight proteins. Total protein analysis of the ACN extracts showed that approximately 99.6% of all protein is removed from the serum. The ACN‐depletion strategy offers a viable alternative to the immunochemistry‐based protein‐depletion techniques commonly used for removing high abundance proteins from serum prior to MS‐based proteomic analyses. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
GlycoMiner: a new software tool to elucidate glycopeptide composition
Authors: Ozohanics Oliver , Krenyacz Judit , Ludányi Krisztina , Pollreisz Ferenc , Vékey Károly , Drahos László 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNew computer software, GlycoMiner, has been developed to automatically identify tandem (MS/MS) spectra obtained in liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) runs which correspond to N‐glycopeptides. The program complements conventional proteomics analysis, and can be used in a high‐throughput environment. The program interprets the spectra and determines the structure of the corresponding glycopeptides. GlycoMiner runs under Windows, can process spectra obtained on various instruments, and can be downloaded from our website (w3.chemres.hu/ms/glycominer). The algorithm works similarly to a human expert; evaluates the low mass oxonium ions; deduces oligosaccharide losses from the protonated molecule; and identifies the mass of the peptide residue. The program has been tested on tryptic digests of two glycopeptides: AGP (which has five different N‐glycosylation sites) and transferrin (with two N‐glycosylation sites). Results have been evaluated both manually and by GlycoMiner. Out of 3132 MS/MS spectra 338 were found to correspond to glycopeptides; identification by GlycoMiner showed a 0.1% false positive and 0.1% false negative rate. From these it was possible to identify 196 glycan structures manually; GlycoMiner correctly identified all of these, with no false positives. The rest were low quality spectra, not suitable for structure assignment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pre‐clinical remote telesurgery trial of a da Vinci telesurgery prototype
Authors: Nguan Christopher , Miller Brian , Patel Rajni , Luke Patrick PW , Schlachta Christopher M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this study was to perform a pre‐clinical remote telesurgery trial of a da Vinci® telesurgery prototype on a surgical‐grade virtual private network.MethodsA da Vinci telesurgery‐enabled prototype was used to conduct surgical trials across a 17 MB/s bandwidth VPNe network spanning 2848 km round‐trip landline distance from London, Ontario, to Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The outcomes measured during the trial were surgical times and quality of anastomoses.ResultsNetwork configuration resulted in observed latencies of 370 ms with 140 ms due to transport delay. The da Vinci telesurgery prototype performed well subjectively and average porcine pyeloplasty anastomotic times were 20.7 ± 4.7 min.ConclusionsThis work constitutes an early evaluation of the da Vinci telesurgery prototype for conceptually remote telesurgical operations. This study clearly demonstrated the feasibility of remote telesurgery using the da Vinci platform to perform a complex surgical task. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Overview of the vascular interventional robot
Authors: Da Liu , Zhang Dapeng , Wang Tianmiao 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundConventional vascular interventional surgery (VIS) is manually performed under fluoroscopic guidance, requiring lead protection for the surgeons. In order to reduce the X‐ray irradiation, the robot has been introduced to VIS in this study. The purpose of this article is to provide a comprehensive summary of the vascular interventional robot (VIR).MethodsA retrospective review of the currently published literature on VIR is discussed. The overview details the key technologies of VIR.ResultsSurgeons operate the robot far away from the patient, so protecting themselves from X‐ray irradiation. The robot system carries out the VIS precisely and provides three‐dimensional visualization of vasculature that can be used for preoperative planning and intra‐operative navigation.ConclusionsThe use of the vascular interventional robot appears safe and feasible for vascular interventional surgery. VIR can offer radiation safety to surgeon and enhance surgical accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An integrated system for planning, navigation and robotic assistance for skull base surgery
Authors: Xia Tian , Baird Clint , Jallo George , Hayes Kathryn , Nakajima Nobuyuki , Hata Nobuhiko , Kazanzides Peter 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe developed an image‐guided robot system to provide mechanical assistance for skull base drilling, which is performed to gain access for some neurosurgical interventions, such as tumour resection. The motivation for introducing this robot was to improve safety by preventing the surgeon from accidentally damaging critical neurovascular structures during the drilling procedure.MethodsWe integrated a Stealthstation®navigation system, a NeuroMate®robotic arm with a six‐degree‐of‐freedom force sensor, and the 3D Slicer visualization software to allow the robotic arm to be used in a navigated, cooperatively‐controlled fashion by the surgeon. We employed virtual fixtures to constrain the motion of the robot‐held cutting tool, so that it remained in the safe zone that was defined on a preoperative CT scan.ResultsWe performed experiments on both foam skull and cadaver heads. The results for foam blocks cut using different registrations yielded an average placement error of 0.6 mm and an average dimensional error of 0.6 mm. We drilled the posterior porus acusticus in three cadaver heads and concluded that the robot‐assisted procedure is clinically feasible and provides some ergonomic benefits, such as stabilizing the drill. We obtained postoperative CT scans of the cadaver heads to assess the accuracy and found that some bone outside the virtual fixture boundary was cut. The typical overcut was 1–2 mm, with a maximum overcut of about 3 mm.ConclusionsThe image‐guided cooperatively‐controlled robot system can improve the safety and ergonomics of skull base drilling by stabilizing the drill and enforcing virtual fixtures to protect critical neurovascular structures. The next step is to improve the accuracy so that the overcut can be reduced to a more clinically acceptable value of about 1 mm. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Opportunism, knowledge, and the performance of franchise chains
Authors: Barthélemy Jérôme 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAn important feature of most franchise chains is that they simultaneously use franchised and company‐owned outlets. In this study, I show that the relationship between the resources provided to outlet managers and the financial performance of franchise chains is contingent on their governance structure. Specifically, opportunism and knowledge considerations seem to prevent chains with a large proportion of franchised outlets from fully leveraging resources such as a valuable brand name and tacit business practices. On the other hand, brand name value and business practices tacitness are not directly related to the proportion of franchised outlets in chains. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spawned with a silver spoon? Entrepreneurial performance and innovation in the medical device industry
Authors: Chatterji Aaron K. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEntrepreneurs in high‐technology industries often have prior experience at incumbent firms, but we know little about how knowledge obtained at the prior employer impacts entrepreneurial performance. Drawing on previous work from strategy, economics, and organizational sociology, I assess the impact of industry experience on entrepreneurial performance and innovation in medical device start‐ups. I find that spawns (ventures started by former employees of incumbent firms) perform better than other new entrants. Interestingly, my findings suggest that this superior performance is not driven by technological spillovers from parent to spawn, but rather by nontechnical knowledge related to regulatory strategy and marketing. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.