bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel MSH2 germline mutation in homozygous state in two brothers with colorectal cancers diagnosed at the age of 11 and 12 years
Authors: Müller Annegret , Schackert Hans K. , Lange Bettina , Rüschoff Josef , Füzesi Laslow , Willert Joerg , Burfeind Peter , Shah Parantu , Becker Heinz , Epplen Joerg Thomas , Stemmler Susanne 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) syndrome is caused by heterozygous germline mutations in DNA mismatch repair genes (MMR), (MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and PMS2) and it is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern with high penetrance. Several patients have been reported carrying bi‐allelic MMR gene mutations and whose phenotype resembled a syndrome with childhood malignancies including hematological malignancies, brain, and colorectal tumors. This phenotype is similar to the tumor spectrum of MMR knockout mice. Herein we describe two brothers of healthy consanguineous parents from Pakistan, who had developed two and three colorectal cancers at the ages of 11 and 12 years, respectively, and less than 30 polyps. Tumor specimens were microsatellite instable (MSI‐H), and expression of MSH2 and MSH6 was lost. Mutation analyses of DNA samples from both patients revealed a novel homozygous c.2006‐5T > A mutation in intron 12 of the MSH2 gene. This phenotype of the brothers is unusual as they neither develop hematological malignancies nor brain tumors at an older age of presentation than other patients with homozygous MSH2 mutations. The milder phenotype may be due to the expression of low amounts of MSH2 protein with reduced activity. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HRAS mutations in Costello syndrome: Detection of constitutional activating mutations in codon 12 and 13 and loss of wild‐type allele in malignancy
Authors: Estep Anne L. , Tidyman William E. , Teitell Michael A. , Cotter Philip D. , Rauen Katherine A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCostello syndrome (CS) is a complex developmental disorder involving characteristic craniofacial features, failure to thrive, developmental delay, cardiac and skeletal anomalies, and a predisposition to develop neoplasia. Based on similarities with other cancer syndromes, we previously hypothesized that CS is likely due to activation of signal transduction through the Ras/MAPK pathway [Tartaglia et al., 2003]. In this study, the HRAS coding region was sequenced for mutations in a large, well‐characterized cohort of 36 CS patients. Heterogeneous missense point mutations predicting an amino acid substitution were identified in 33/36 (92%) patients. The majority (91%) had a 34G → A transition in codon 12. Less frequent mutations included 35G → C (codon 12) and 37G → T (codon 13). Parental samples did not have an HRAS mutation supporting the hypothesis of de novo heterogeneous mutations. There is phenotypic variability among patients with a 34G → A transition. The most consistent features included characteristic facies and skin, failure to thrive, developmental delay, musculoskeletal abnormalities, visual impairment, cardiac abnormalities, and generalized hyperpigmentation. The two patients with 35G → C had cardiac arrhythmias whereas one patient with a 37G → T transversion had an enlarged aortic root. Of the patients with a clinical diagnosis of CS, neoplasia was the most consistent phenotypic feature for predicating an HRAS mutation. To gain an understanding of the relationship between constitutional HRAS mutations and malignancy, HRAS was sequenced in an advanced biphasic rhabdomyosarcoma/fibrosarcoma from an individual with a 34G → A mutation. Loss of the wild‐type HRAS allele was observed, suggesting tumorigenesis in CS patients is accompanied by additional somatic changes affecting HRAS. Finally, due to phenotypic overlap between CS and cardio‐facio‐cutaneuos (CFC) syndromes, the HRAS coding region was sequenced in a well‐characterized CFC cohort. No mutations were found which support a distinct genetic etiology between CS and CFC syndromes. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis, structure, reactivity, and thermal properties of new biphenylphosphine oxide bismaleimide resins
Authors: Tsai Pai‐Feng , Shau Min‐Da , Chen Guan‐Fuu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new type of bismaleimide (BMI) resin was synthesized and confirmed by IR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, 1H‐NMR spectroscopy, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy. The reactivity was measured by differential scanning calorimetry. In addition, compositions of the synthesized BMI with three conventional BMIs (4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylmethane, 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylether, 4,4′‐bismaleimidodiphenylsulfone) were used for making a comparison of their reactivity and thermal properties. Through the evaluation of thermogravimetric analyses, the polymers obtained through the reactions between the newly synthesized BMI containing biphenylphosphine oxide and other BMIs also demonstrated excellent thermal properties in the high temperature region and a high char yield of up to 30–45%. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1–8, 2006
Cure kinetics of a polymer‐based composite friction material
Authors: Shojaei Akbar , Abbasi Farhang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the present article, cure kinetics of a commercially available composite friction material used in railroad vehicles is investigated using the rheometer measurements. Effect of ingredients of friction material compound, including rubber matrix, phenolic resin, and fillers, on overall cure kinetics of friction compound is also investigated by comparing the cure kinetics of friction material and rubber matrix compound. A phenomenological model and an Arrhenius‐type equation is developed for cure kinetics and induction time of both friction material and rubber matrix. The parameters of the models are extracted from experimental data, using the rheometer at different temperatures and utilizing appropriate optimization method. The good agreement between experimental measurement and models prediction indicates the good performance of the models developed in this study. The results demonstrate that phenolic resin and fillers have dominant effects on the overall cure behavior of the friction material compound. A comparison between the present results and other published data based on the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) shows a reasonable agreement as well. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 9–17, 2006
Graft copolymerization of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulphonic acid onto carboxymethylcellulose (sodium salt) using bromate/thiourea redox pair
Authors: Banerjee Jaya , Kumar Rajesh , Srivastava Abhishek , Behari Kunj 
Published: December 2005

AbstractUnreported graft copolymer of 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na‐CMC) was synthesized and reaction conditions were optimized using a bromate/thiourea redox pair under an inert atmosphere at 40°C. Grafting ratio, add on, and conversion increase as the concentration of thiourea and [H+] increases up to 3.6 × 10−3 and 0.6 × 10−2 mol dm−3, respectively, while on increasing the concentration of bromate ion and Na‐CMC, grafting ratio, add on, and conversion decrease. The samples of Na‐CMC and grafted Na‐CMC with AMPS were subjected to thermogravimetric analysis, with the objective of studying the effect of grafting of AMPS on the thermal stability of graft copolymer. The graft copolymer was found to be more thermally stable than pure Na‐CMC. Comparing the IR spectra of pure with grafted Na‐CMC confirm the evidence of grafting. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 26–34, 2006
Effect of dehydroxylation of hydrothermal barium titanate on dielectric properties in polystyrene composite
Authors: Badheka Prerak , Magadala Venkat , Devaraju Naga Gopi , Lee Burtrand I. , Kim Eung Soo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn today's world, technology for capacitors has grown significantly with its requirements in the direction of better dielectric properties. Developing an ideal composite material (polymer and ceramic) for satisfying the processing parameters is of great interest for capacitor industry. In this study, chemically treated barium titanate (BT) nanocrystals were prepared and used to make ceramic–polystyrene (PS) composites. A unique methodology was used in processing these materials. Effects of the chemically treated BT, filler loading, and frequency on the dielectric properties of these composites were examined, and compared with untreated BT–PS composites. Composite dielectric constant was proportional to the volume ratio of the BT filler and remained stable at different frequencies. The experimental data show that the dielectric constant of composites made with treated BT powders can attain values 2.5 times higher than that of untreated BT–PS composites. In addition, the composite shows consistency in dielectric constant values measured at different frequencies. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Surface photografting polymerization of vinyl acetate, maleic anhydride and their charge‐transfer complex. VII. Charge‐transfer complex (3)
Authors: Jianping Deng , Lianying Liu , Wantai Yang 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn the present article, a practically applicable method was developed, by which the compositions of the grafted chains achieved by UV‐irradiated photografting polymerization of vinyl acetate–maleic anhydride (VAC‐MAH)/low density polyethylene (LDPE) film systems can be determined. By measuring FTIR spectra of the films containing known amounts of VAC and MAH, standard working plots of the relationship between the ratio of the absorption peak area of MAH to that of VAC and the ratio of the content of MAH to that of VAC were set up. If the characteristic absorption peak areas of MAH and VAC on the grafted film are calculated, then according to the standard working plots, the ratio of MAH content to VAC content can be determined. It is proved that this method was effective in a wide range of MAH/VAC. Using this method, LDPE films containing different contents of MAH and VAC were characterized. The results show that the MAH content in the grafted film went up progressively, as the content of MAH in the monomer feed was raised; this phenomenon became more obvious when the total monomer concentration was increased, and the polymerization temperature was enhanced. These results should be attributed to the unique ability of MAH to abstract hydrogen when irradiated with UV light. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Deposition of bone‐like apatite on modified silk fibroin films from simulated body fluid
Authors: Kino Rikako , Ikoma Toshiyuki , Monkawa Akira , Yunoki Shunji , Munekata Masanobu , Tanaka Junzo , Asakura Tetsuo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSilk fibroin films with various calcium chloride contents were prepared by a cast film method and subsequent MeOH treatment. The conformational changes from α‐helix to β‐sheet structure were analyzed by Fourier transformed infrared attenuated total reflection spectroscopy measurements. The films obtained were soaked in 1.5‐times simulated body fluid (1.5 SBF) and the deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The films with calcium chloride contents lower than 3 wt % relative to the silk fibroin were not mineralized under these conditions, while those with calcium chloride contents more than 5 wt % mineralized after 6 h. The X‐ray diffraction patterns and inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy analyses indicated that the hydroxyapatite crystals were grown by hydrolysis of octacalcium phosphate, as indicated by differences in diffraction intensities and changes in concentrations of calcium and phosphate ions in 1.5 SBF. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Radiological findings do not support lateral residual tumour as a major cause of local recurrence of rectal cancer
Authors: Syk E , Torkzad M R , Blomqvist L , Ljungqvist O , Glimelius B 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this study was to determine the sites of local recurrence following radical (R0) total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer in an effort to elucidate the reasons for recurrence.

Methods
Thirty-seven patients with recurrence following curative resection for rectal cancer were identified from a population of 880 patients operated on by surgeons trained in the TME procedure. Two radiologists independently examined 33 available computed tomograms and magnetic resonance images taken when the recurrence was detected.

Results
Twenty-nine of the 33 recurrences were found in the lower two-thirds of the pelvis. Two recurrent tumours appeared to originate from lateral pelvic lymph nodes. Evidence of residual mesorectal fat was identified in 15 patients. Fourteen of the recurrent tumours originated from primary tumours in the upper rectum; all of these tumours recurred at the anastomosis and 12 of the 14 patients had evidence of residual mesorectal fat.

Conclusion
Lateral pelvic lymph node metastases are not a major cause of local recurrence after TME. Partial mesorectal excision may be associated with an increased risk of local recurrence from tumours in the upper rectum.
Letter: Randomized clinical trial of the effects of oral preoperative carbohydrates on postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 415–421)
Authors: Bisgaard T , Kehlet H 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (http://www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
A new device for cricothyroidotomy
Authors: Tscharlou A. Schiri pour , Klappenberger J. , Klappenberger S. , Firbas W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA new instrument for coniotomy was developed and tested with cadaver experiments. The instrument should be simple, easy to handle, and should not have the various drawbacks of the existing devices. The new instrument was tested by 17 medical students and medical doctors on fresh human cadavers. We measured the time necessary for performing a successful experiment. It lasted 5–28 sec (mean value 22 sec) depending on the experience of the people carrying out the tests. This time is much shorter than with other existing instruments tested under experimental conditions. The instrument consists of a tube and a trocar with a small knife on the tip. The knife is used to incise the skin over the cricothyroid ligament and to perforate this ligament in sagittal position. The tube is provided with a plastic stripe, which limits the depth of the entrance of the instrument into the larynx and can also be used to attach the tube to the neck of the patient. After entering the larynx, the tube can be connected to an inflating bag. The correct seat of the tube was tested by inflation, with a calibrated probe or with laryngoscopy. The results of our tests encourage the development of this new instrument for industrial production. Clin. Anat. 19:602–604, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Quantitative evaluation of the accuracy of micro‐computed tomography in tooth measurement
Authors: Kim Insoo , Paik Ki‐Suk , Lee Seung‐Pyo 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMicro‐computed tomography (MCT) is a noninvasive technique for visualizing morphological characteristics of teeth in a detailed and accurate manner, without causing any tooth destruction. A large amount of information can be obtained from such scans. The slices can be recreated in any plane, and the data can be represented as either two‐dimensional (2D) or three‐dimensional (3D) images. In addition, the internal and external anatomy can be demonstrated simultaneously or separately, and the images can be assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. However, only the qualitative accuracy of MCT had been evaluated previously. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of MCT quantitatively by comparing the values obtained by MCT with those of other imaging methods. Twelve teeth were scanned using a desktop X‐ray micro‐CT scanner, and the images were reconstructed and measured. Values obtained by direct measurement served as the primary reference for linear measurements. Measurements made by a 3D scanner and by photography were additional references. MCT was found to be a reliable method of making linear measurements and may be a useful device for measuring distance and for observing both internal and external tooth structure using the reconstructed 3D form. Clin. Anat. 20:27–34, 2007. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel interactive anatomic atlas of the hand
Authors: Gehrmann S. , Höhne K.H. , Linhart W. , Pflesser B. , Pommert A. , Riemer M. , Tiede U. , Windolf J. , Schumacher U. , Rueger J.M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractClassical anatomic atlases cannot provide the spectrum of views and the detail required in modern diagnostic and surgical techniques. Computer modeling opens the possibility to choose any view from one single model. A computerized model of the hand is presented, which has been obtained by segmentation and graphic modeling of the Visible Human dataset. In addition to being able to choose arbitrary viewpoints, it allows interrogation of the chosen views by mouse click. We believe the functions of these new kinds of atlases are superior to the classical ones. Clin. Anat. 19:258–266, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The axillary sheath and single‐injection axillary block
Authors: Ay Sadan , Akinci Metin , Sayin Murat , Bektas Umut , Tekdemir Ibrahim , Elhan Allattin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFailure to block the terminal nerves of the brachial plexus, the circumferential type of incomplete axillary brachial plexus block, is the main problem of the single‐injection technique. Two studies were carried out to observe the internal anatomy of the axillary sheath and the effect of different volumes of dye injected into the sheath in cadavers. In our first study, the internal arrangement of the axillary sheath and its septae were examined microscopically by slicing the sheath longitudinally and transversely. In the second study, boluses of 10, 20, and 40 cc of methylene‐blue were injected into one of the compartments of the axillary sheath. The axillary sheath was dissected out and sliced transversely to observe the spread of the dye in the injected and in the adjacent compartments. The specimens of the axillary sheath were then opened longitudinally and the septae excised and examined at ×10 magnification to see the effect of the various volumes of the injection bolus. This study shows that septae from the deep surface of the axillary sheath form compartments for each nerve. The septae function as barriers under physiologic conditions. By increasing the injected volume of solutions, bubble‐like defects are produced in the septae in the compartments into which leakage was demonstrated. Clin. Anat. 20:57–63, 2007. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) against liver damage induced by cigarette smoke inhalation in rats
Authors: Pekmez Hidir , Kus Ilter , Colakoglu Neriman , Ogeturk Murat , Ozyurt Huseyin , Turkoglu Asli Ozdem , Sarsilmaz Mustafa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe aim of this study was to investigate the histological and biochemical changes in liver of rats exposed to cigarette smoke and effects of caffeic acid phenetyl ester (CAPE) on these changes. For this purpose, 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups. Animals in Group I were used as control. Rats in Group II were exposed to cigarette smoke and rats in Group III were exposed to cigarette smoke and injected daily with CAPE. At the end of the 60‐days experimental period, all rats were killed by decapitation and blood samples were obtained. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin levels and hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH‐Px ), malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were determined. Following routine histological procedures, liver tissue specimens were examined under a light microscope. The levels of ALT, AST, total bilirubin, SOD, GSH‐Px and MDA were significantly increased in rats exposed to cigarette smoke compared with those of the controls. Light microscopic examination of liver specimens from rats exposed to cigarette smoke revealed mononuclear cell infiltration and that some of the hepatocytes had a hyperchromatic nucleus and enlarged sinusoids. The rats which were treated with CAPE along with cigarettes had partially attenuated histological changes associated with cigarette exposure.In conclusion, the damage inflicted by cigarette in the rat liver can be partially prevented by CAPE administration. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Conformation Analysis of Aspartame‐Based Sweeteners by NMR Spectroscopy, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and X‐ray Diffraction Studies
Authors: De Capua Antonia , Goodman Murray , Amino Yusuke , Saviano Michele , Benedetti Ettore 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe report here the synthesis and the conformation analysis by 1H NMR spectroscopy and computer simulations of six potent sweet molecules, N‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐methylbutyl]‐α‐L‐aspartyl‐S‐tert‐butyl‐L‐cysteine 1‐methylester (1; 70 000 times more potent than sucrose), N‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐methylbutyl]‐α‐L‐aspartyl‐β‐cyclohexyl‐L‐alanine 1‐methylester (2; 50 000 times more potent than sucrose), N‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐methylbutyl]‐α‐L‐aspartyl‐4‐cyan‐L‐phenylalanine 1‐methylester (3; 2 000 times more potent than sucrose), N‐[3,3‐dimethylbutyl]‐α‐L‐aspartyl‐(1R,2S,4S)‐1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylhexylamide (4; 5500 times more potent than sucrose), N‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)propyl]‐α‐L‐aspartyl‐(1R,2S,4S)‐1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylhexylamide (5; 15 000 times more potent than sucrose), and N‐[3‐(3‐hydroxy‐4‐methoxyphenyl)‐3‐methylbutyl]‐α‐L‐aspartyl‐(1R,2S,4S)‐1‐methyl‐2‐hydroxy‐4‐phenylhexylamide (6; 15 000 times more potent than sucrose). The “L‐shaped” structure, which we believe to be responsible for sweet taste, is accessible to all six molecules in solution. This structure is characterized by a zwitterionic ring formed by the AH‐ and B‐containing moieties located along the +y axis and by the hydrophobic group X pointing into the +x axis. Extended conformations with the AH‐ and B‐containing moieties along the +y axis and the hydrophobic group X pointing into the −y axis were observed for all six sweeteners. For compound 5, the crystal‐state conformation was also determined by an X‐ray diffraction study. The result indicates that compound 5 adopts an L‐shaped structure even in the crystalline state. The extraordinary potency of the N‐arylalkylated or N‐alkylated compounds 1–6, as compared with that of the unsubstituted aspartame‐based sweet taste ligands, can be explained by the effect of a second hydrophobic binding domain in addition to interactions arising from the L‐shaped structure. In our examination of the unexplored D zone of the Tinti–Nofre model, we discovered a sweet‐potency‐enhancing effect of arylalkyl substitution on dipeptide ligands, which reveals the importance of hydrophobic (aromatic)–hydrophobic (aromatic) interactions in maintaining high potency.