bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
UK consumer attitudes, beliefs and barriers to increasing fruit and vegetable consumption
Authors: Cox David N , Anderson Annie S , Lean Michael EJ , Mela David J 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective:To assess attitudes, predictors of intention, and identify perceived barriers to increasing fruit and vegetable (F&V) intakes.Design:UK nationwide postal survey utilizing the theory of planned behaviour.Subjects:Stratified (by social class and region) random sample of 2020 UK adults providing a modest response rate of 37% (n = 741).Results:Belief measures (e.g. health, cost, taste, etc.) were strongly associated with overall attitudes which were reported as being largely favourable towards fruit, vegetables and, to a lesser extent, vegetable dishes, and were strongly associated with reported intention to increase consumption. Subjects reported they could increase their consumption, but this was only weakly associated with intention to do so. Approximately 50% of respondents reported an intention to increase intakes. Social pressure was strongly associated with reported intention to increase; however, scores indicated low perceived social pressure to change. Evidence of unrealistic optimism concerning perceived intakes and the perceived high cost of fruit may also act as barriers.Conclusions:Results from this study suggest a lack of perceived social pressure to increase F&V intakes and suggests that public health efforts require stronger and broader health messages that incorporate consumer awareness of low present consumption.
Curriculum design for professional development in public health nutrition in Britain
Authors: Landman Jacqueline , Buttriss Judith , Margetts Barrie 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective:To describe how the Nutrition Society developed public health nutrition as a profession between 1992 and 1997, and to analyse the influences propelling on this professionalization.Design:Qualitative case study.Setting:Britain.Results:The Nutrition Society of Britain consulted with various stakeholders (such as dietitians, researchers, professionals and practitioners and educators from the UK, and latterly from mainland Europe) to build a consensus about the definition, roles and functions of public health nutritionists and the need for, and scope of, this new profession. Building on this consensus, the Society developed a curriculum in line with British national nutrition policy. Analysis shows that the design and philosophy of the curriculum is explicitly international and European in orientation, in keeping with the tradition of the discipline and the Society. The curriculum is designed in terms of specialist competencies in public health nutrition, defining competency so that registered public health nutritionists are advanced practitioners or leaders: this is in keeping with contemporary trends in professional education generally and as expressed by the UNU/IUNS and at Bellagio, in nutrition in particular.Conclusions:Despite a unique relationship with British state and policy, this case of professionalization contributes to contemporary international inter- and intraprofessional debates about the nature of public health nutrition and is consistent with professional educational theory.
Chronic copper toxicity of ruminants
Authors: Todd J. R. 
Published: December 2005

There has been an active interest in the toxicology of copper since the
middle of the 19th century and a review by Davenport (1953) covers the early
work on the hazard to man and animals of both the acute and chronic forms.
Review material specific to chronic copper poisoning in farm livestock has
also been published by Broughton & Hardy (1934), Eden (1940), Todd
(1962) and Bull (1964).The first description of true chronic copper poisoning in farm animals would
seem to be that of Mallory (1925) who produced the condition experimentally
in sheep. Beijers (1932) described similar symptoms in sheep grazing
orchards which had been sprayed with a copper fungicide, and 2 years later
Broughton & Hardy (1934) published their detailed experimental
investigations showing the dangers of excessive copper intakes to sheep. The
similarity between the symptoms described in these reports and those of
‘yellows’ or ‘toxaemic jaundice’ in Australia was recognized (Bull, 1964)
and the experiments of Albiston, Bull, Dick & Keast (1940) confirmed
that this naturally-occurring condition was of similar origin. The
importance of chronic copper poisoning as a nutritional hazard was,
therefore, fully established.
Least absolute regression network analysis of the murine osteoblast differentiation network
Authors: van Someren E. P. , Vaes B. L. T. , Steegenga W. T. , Sijbers A. M. , Dechering K. J. , Reinders M. J. T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMotivation: We propose a reverse engineering scheme to discover genetic regulation from genome-wide transcription data that monitors the dynamic transcriptional response after a change in cellular environment. The interaction network is estimated by solving a linear model using simultaneous shrinking of the least absolute weights and the prediction error.Results: The proposed scheme has been applied to the murine C2C12 cell-line stimulated to undergo osteoblast differentiation. Results show that our method discovers genetic interactions that display significant enrichment of co-citation in literature. More detailed study showed that the inferred network exhibits properties and hypotheses that are consistent with current biological knowledge.Availability: Software is freely available for academic use as a Matlab package called GENLAB:Contact: E.P.vanSomeren@tudelft.nlSupplementary information: Additional data, results and figures can be found at
Antibodies neutralizing feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) in cats immunized with the transmembrane envelope protein p15E
Authors: Langhammer Stefan , Hübner Janine , Kurth Reinhard , Denner Joachim 
Published: December 2005

SummaryThe feline leukaemia virus (FeLV) vaccines that are currently in wide use are generally poor inducers of virus‐neutralizing antibodies, although such antibodies appear after recovering from challenge. However, the presence of neutralizing antibodies in cats recovering from natural FeLV infection clearly correlates with resistance to subsequent infection and passive transfer of antibodies can protect other animals. After demonstrating the induction of neutralizing antibodies in rats and goats immunized with the transmembrane envelope protein p15E of FeLV, cats were immunized with the same antigen. High titres of neutralizing antibodies specific for FeLV were induced and epitope mapping revealed a pattern of recognition similar to that seen following immunization of rats and goats. These epitopes are highly related to epitopes recognized after immunization with porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV) p15E and to epitopes recognized by neutralizing antibodies in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1. The ability of p15E to induce neutralizing antibodies in cats suggests that it should be included in the next generation of vaccines. In contrast, sera from FeLV‐infected animals usually fail to recognize the neutralization‐relevant epitopes in p15E. Since homologous epitope sequences are present in feline endogenous retroviruses, it appears that tolerance against these sequences is not induced.
One‐year observation on the population structure of Diopatra neapolitana Delle Chiaje (Polychaeta: Onuphidae) in Izmir Bay (Aegean Sea, eastern Mediterranean)
Authors: Dağli Ertan , Ergen Zeki , Çinar Melih E. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe present paper deals with the morphology and population structure of Diopatra neapolitana collected in Izmir Bay between July 1997 and June 1998. The density of the species in the area ranged from 42 ind·m−2 (November 1997) to 198 ind·m−2 (March 1998), the biomass from 84 g·m−2 (November) to 408 g·m−2 (March). The coelom contained gametes in all months, except for January, indicating that it has a very long reproductive period in the area. The relationships among the biometrical measurements taken on specimens of Diopatra neapolitana from Izmir Bay were assessed by using regression and correlation analysis. A re‐description of the species is provided.
Morphology, reproductive biology and genetic structure of the whale‐fall and hydrothermal vent specialist, Bathykurila guaymasensisPettibone, 1989 (Annelida: Polynoidae)
Authors: Glover Adrian G. , Goetze Erica , Dahlgren Thomas G. , Smith Craig R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe examined the reproductive biology and genetic structure of the polychaete Bathykurila guaymasensis (Annelida: Polynoidae), a species recorded from both whale‐falls and hydrothermal vents. The habitat of B. guaymasensis is quite different from other vent polynoids, being apparently a specialist feeder on Beggiatoa mat, rather than living commensally with mussels or on the sides of hot vent chimneys. Specimens were collected from whale‐fall sites in the Santa Cruz and Santa Catalina Basins, Southern California at depths of 1200–1600 m, and investigated using a combined morphological and molecular approach. The species exhibits marked sexual dimorphism, asynchronous gametogenesis, evidence for internal fertilization and lecithotrophic larval development – all characters shared with other hydrothermal vent polynoids. Two distinct, sympatrically distributed haplotype groups of B. guaymasensis were identified using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 gene sequences, indicating that there may be two species within the nominal designation B. guaymasensis. Broad sharing of haplotypes between the two whale‐fall sites suggests high dispersal rates among basins along the California margin.
Molecular analysis indicates gene flow among populations of Paralvinella pandoraeDesbruyères and Laubier 1986 (Alvinellidae, Terebellida), a polychaete annelid endemic to hydrothermal vents of the northeast Pacific
Authors: Knowles James D. , Wenink Emily , Schult Nancy , Tunnicliffe Verena , McHugh Damhnait 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe polychaete annelid Paralvinella pandoraeDesbruyères and Laubier 1986 is endemic to hydrothermal vents in the northeast Pacific, and is found at almost all vents sites along the 500‐km long Juan de Fuca ridge (JdF) system. The sperm morphology of P. pandorae indicates that fertilization occurs internally or in the worm's tube, and the maximum observed oocyte size of 215 μm suggests that a dispersive larval phase is short or non‐existent. Size frequency analyses of populations of P. pandorae suggest continuous or semi‐continuous recruitment of juveniles. Given our limited knowledge of the species’ life history, we predicted that populations of P. pandorae would exhibit a decline in genetic similarity with increasing distance among populations along the JdF. While our attempts to use amplified fragment length polymorphisms to test this prediction were not successful, our analysis of cytochrome oxidase I gene sequences provided insights into the phylogeography of the species. For 31 individuals from five sites along the JdF there is little sequence variation among individuals and no phylogeographic pattern among haplotypes from populations separated by distances of up to 210 km. These results indicate that gene flow occurs among all sites in the analyses, i.e. despite the very limited dispersal potential inferred from life history characteristics of this worm, there is no evidence for isolation‐by‐distance across the geographical scale of the study. Demersal larvae dispersed by near‐bottom currents might explain the gene flow among sites, as well as the establishment of populations of P. pandorae at new vents within a year.
Revision of AberrantaHartman, 1965 (Aberrantidae: Annelida), with descriptions of new species from the Mediterranean and Hong Kong
Authors: Mackie Andrew S. Y. , Pleijel Fredrik , Rouse Greg W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractTwo new species of AberrantaHartman, 1965 are described from southeast France and Hong Kong, China. The two previously known species, A. enigmaticaHartman, 1965 and A. palpataWolf, 1987 are redescribed from type and other material. Aberranta banyulensis n. sp. resembles A. palpata, and its internal and external morphology are examined further using histological, transmission and scanning electron microscopic techniques. Aberranta sulcata n. sp. is morphologically closest to A. enigmatica. The relationships between Aberranta and other polychaetes are discussed in light of a recent morphological and molecular analysis involving Nerillidae and Aciculata. The relationships among the Aberranta species are examined in a morphology‐based cladistic analysis, using an amphinomid and three nerillids as outgroups.
Salvage nasopharyngectomy for radiation recurrences
Authors: Bridger G. Patrick , Smee Robert , Baldwin Michael A. R. , Bridger Andrew G. 
Published: December 2005

Background:  Salvage nasopharyngectomy has proven to be worthwhile in the management of persistent or recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer after radiotherapy failure; however, surgical complications are common and the indications for surgery and the choice of operation remain controversial.Methods:  Over a 17‐year period from 1985 to 2001 salvage nasopharyngectomy was undertaken on 11 patients. In six patients an anterolateral disassembly approach was employed and five patients were treated with the more limited maxillary swing approach. In seven patients the nasopharynx was reconstructed with a revascularized forearm free graft.Results:  Six patients remain alive and free of disease with a minimum follow up of 4 years. There were no incidences of serious postoperative complications. The five patients who failed all did so locally.Conclusions:  Nasopharyngectomy is safe and effective in the treatment of recurrent nasopharyngeal cancer even after multiple courses of radiotherapy.
Left thoracophrenotomy and cervical approach in the surgery of distal third oesophageal and cardia tumours
Authors: Han Serdar , Sakinci Unal , Dural Koray 
Published: December 2005

Background:  The aim of the present study was to assess and report the results of left thoracophrenotomy + cervical approach in the surgery of distal third oesophagus and cardia tumours.Methods:  Thirty patients who were treated between 1999 and 2003 were retrospectively reviewed taking into consideration the result of the surgical method used.Results:  Eighteen (60%) patients were men with a mean age of 61.3 ± 8.5 years (range, 32−75 years). The main complaints were dysphagia (particularly with hard food), weight loss and odynophagia. There were 14 cases of adenocarcinoma and 16 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The serum albumin and protein levels were found to be low in 90% of the cases. Minimal anaemia was detected in 80% of the cases. Fifteen (50%) of the cases were stage III, 10 (35%) were stage IIb and five (15%) were stage IIa. Histopathologically, intrathoracic lymph node metastasis was present in eight (27%) patients and intra‐abdominal lymph node metastasis was present in 12 (40%) cases. There were no mortalities related to surgery. Early anastomosis leakage occurred in two (6%) cases. Minor complications occurred in three cases. The mean hospitalization time was 10 days postoperatively. Five years of follow up was possible in 20 of the cases. The mean survival was 26 months in four cases with stage IIa, 22 months in six cases with stage IIb and 16 months in 10 cases with stage III.Conclusion:  This exposure from this technique provides easy access to both the oesophagus and stomach. Surgical dissection is easy and safe, and complications related to surgery are rare. Lymph node dissections of both systems can be made and a safe surgical margin is possible with cervical anastomosis. It is highly tolerable by the patient. This technique can be used in distal third oesophageal and cardia tumours. It has acceptable morbidity and mortality, with some potential benefits.
Complete resection via medial sternotomy for non‐small cell lung cancer in the right upper lobe
Authors: Miyamoto Hideaki , Wang Zhiming , Fukai Ryuta , Futagawa Toshiro , Anami Yoichi , Yamazaki Akio , Morio Atsushi , Hata Enjo 
Published: December 2005

Background:  Right upper lobectomy with right cervical and bilateral mediastinal lymph node dissection via a median approach was performed for non‐small cell lung cancer.Methods:  From 1995 to 2003, 48 patients aged ≤ 70 years underwent resection of cancer in the right upper lobe, including 26 with N0, four with N1 and 18 with N2 disease.Results:  Metastases to the right cervical, highest mediastinal, pretracheal and bilateral tracheobronchial lymph nodes were frequent. There were no operative or hospital deaths. Preoperative accuracy of N‐factor diagnosis was only 35.4%. The overall 5‐year survival rate was 58.8%. The rate for C‐N2 disease (n = 18) was 42.6%, and the rate for p‐N2 disease (n = 7) and p‐N3 disease (n = 13) was 57.1% and 0%, respectively, using the Kaplan−Meier method.Conclusions:  Patients without N3 disease have a good prognosis, and extended and systematic radical lymphadenectomy via median sternotomy improves the staging, and possibly the prognosis of pure N2 disease.
Effect of calcitonin gene‐related peptide on anastomotic healing in the presence of endotoxin
Authors: Dogmuş Mehmet , Ersoy Emin , Anadol A. Ziya , Özel Ümmühani , Bilgehan Ayse 
Published: December 2005

Background:  Intestinal anastomotic healing is a complex procedure in which several mediators, cytokines and other substances play roles, as well as calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). CGRP is capable of stimulating DNA synthesis and cell proliferation in endothelial cells by increasing vasodilatation and inflammatory response and promoting epithelial, vascular and mesothelial cell proliferation. This study was undertaken to investigate whether CGRP has a beneficial effect on intestinal anastomotic healing, even in septic conditions.Methods:  Four groups of 10 rats were administered normal saline (0.5 mL), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0.5 mg/kg), CGRP (0.5 mL 6.5 × 10−10 mol/L) and LPS + CGRP (0.5 mg/kg + 0.5 mL 6.5 × 10−10 mol/L) via intraperitoneal route, respectively, 24 h prior to operation and postoperatively. All rats underwent ileo−ileal end‐to‐end anastomosis. Anastomotic bursting pressure and tissue hydroxyproline levels were measured on postoperative day 7.Results:  Calcitonin gene‐related peptide was found to have positive effects on both parameters of healing. The LPS‐injected group showed intestinal anastomotic healing disorder suggesting impaired collagen production, which showed improvement after CGRP administration.Conclusions:  Calcitonin gene‐related peptide increases anastomotic wound healing in experimental intestinal anastomosis in the presence of endotoxin.
Reoperation rate in diaphyseal tibia fractures
Authors: Harris Ian , Lyons Matt 
Published: December 2005

Background:  Tibia fractures often require secondary surgery to achieve union. Reoperation is an objective outcome measure that is clinically relevant to the patients and treating doctors. This study determined the complication and reoperation rates for diaphyseal tibia fractures and identified variables predictive of reoperation.Methods:  One‐hundred and sixty‐seven patients with 175 consecutive tibia shaft fractures (Association for the Study of Internal Fixation classification 42) presenting between July 2000 and June 2003 were included in the study. There were 4 deaths and 12 patients lost to follow up. The remaining 151 patients (159 fractures) were reviewed at a minimum of 6 months post‐injury for the main outcome measures; union and reoperation. Univariate and multivariate analyses by logistic regression were used to identify any relationship between revision surgery and fracture classification, grade of the soft‐tissue injury, mechanism of injury, age, sex, and treating surgeon.Results:  The overall reoperation rate was 35.8% (57/159) with 13.2% (21/159) tibiae requiring minor revision surgery and 22.6% (36/159) tibiae requiring major revision surgery. Thirteen (8.2%) patients underwent major revision surgery specifically for non‐union. The fracture classification and the Gustilo grade of soft‐tissue injury were significant predictors of revision surgery overall, and of major revision surgery.Conclusions:  Tibial shaft fractures have a high revision rate as a consequence of non‐union and infection. Revision surgery is best predicted by the fracture classification and the severity of the soft‐tissue injury. This information is important for patient information and clinical decision making.
Effects of the intraperitoneal lornoxicam on the formation of intraperitoneal adhesions in rat peritonitis model
Authors: Bulbuloglu Ertan , Ezberci Fikret , Gul Mustafa , Kurutas Ergul Belge , Bozkurt Serdar , Kale I. Taner , Ciragil Pinar 
Published: December 2005

Background:  To investigate the effects of intraperitoneally administered lornoxicam on adhesion formation, bursting pressure, tissue antioxidant levels, morbidity and mortality after ileocolic anastomosis in a rat bacterial peritonitis model.Methods:  Thirty‐six rats were divided into three random groups. Bacterial peritonitis was induced by performing a cecal ligation and puncture, then the cecal was resected and ileocolic anastomosis was performed. Rats of groups 1, 2 and 3 were given 2 mL normal saline, 2 mL lornoxicam, and nothing, respectively. All groups were killed at day 14. Adhesions were scored, and the presence of intra‐abdominal abscesses and fistulas were noted. Anastomotic healing was assessed by bursting pressure. Tissue antioxidant levels were tested from left abdominal walls.Results:  One day after cecal ligation and puncture, microbiological examination showed polymicrobial bacterial peritonitis. The rats treated with lornoxicam had significantly lower adhesion scores than did the saline and nothing treated rats (P = 0.007) Bursting pressures of groups were unaffected by the treatment. Tissue antioxidant levels of groups were affected by the treatment. Morbidity and mortality were similar in all groups.Conclusions:  The present study demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal instillation of lornoxicam in buffer solution at the end of the surgery reduces adhesion formation in rats bacterial peritonitis model. It was also determined that lornoxicam had no negative effect on the healing of intestinal anastomosis, abscess and anastomotic leakage. Use of lornoxicam in peritonitis was effective in decreasing the oxidative stress of tissue during peritonitis.
Improving the morbidity of anorectal injury from pelvic radiotherapy
Authors: Abbasakoor F. , Vaizey C. J. , Boulos P. B. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective  Radiation anorectal injury due to pelvic radiotherapy for non intestinal cancer is a significant cause of morbidity which may limit the treatment dose required. Conservative treatment options are of limited value and surgery is reserved only for the most severe complications. This review addresses radioprotection of the anorectum and aims to increase awareness amongst surgeons of the strategies that have been in practice in order to minimize the side‐effects of radiotherapy while preserving its therapeutic efficacy.Methods  This review is based on a literature search (Medline and NLM PubMed) with manual cross‐referencing of all articles related to anorectal radiation injury.Results  Optimization of radiation dose, the use of radioprotective agents and improvement in radiation delivery are the main areas of development. There are few data on the potential of altered fractionation schedules in reducing anorectal injury. A few phase I and II studies suggest that the pharmacological agents amifostine and misoprostol could be beneficial in limiting radiation damage but larger phase III studies are awaited.Conclusion  The introduction of 3‐dimensional conformal radiation therapy and intensity modulated radiation therapy has been the most significant advance in reducing radiation morbidity.