bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Integrated Petrophysical Approach for Determining Reserves and Reservoir Characterization to Optimize Production of Oil Sands in Northeastern Alberta
Authors: Anderson Andrew , Koch Jim 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
The acquisition of triple-combo logging data, borehole imaging data, dipole sonic, and select magnetic resonance data, offered the unique opportunity to study a specific set of wells in the McMurray Formation of northeastern Alberta. Each one of the data sets provided valuable information about the geologic setting, fluid properties, or rock properties. The true value of the logging data comes from combining the analyses and interpretations to produce a complete picture of the geology, reservoir potential, and production potential. This integrated approach is based on the interpretation of results from the image data, while incorporating standard log data, including electric, nuclear, and acoustic measurements; dipole sonic data; and nuclear magnetic resonance data. Subsequently, shaly sand analysis from these measurements was added to provide key reservoir petrophysical information. Finally, the addition of nuclear magnetic resonance data supplied insight into the producibility of the reservoir.
Traditionally, dipmeter and image results are used for mapping of channel sands in the McMurray Formation. For this application, however, the image data provided high-resolution delineation of shale beds. This use of the image data leads to a critical reservoir heterogeneity description, which is required for vertical permeability information to optimize production. Shaly sand analysis results (volume of shale, sand calculations, water saturation, and permeability) are combined with core data, when available, and both the core and shaly sand analysis results were incorporated along with the image interpretations. Finally, nuclear magnetic resonance data was added for the key wells, providing comparison of bound to free water, as well as permeability and lithology-independent porosity. When combined, each data set adds either qualitative or quantitative information that is iteratively used to refine and complete the integrated petrophysical analysis.
In this investigation of the McMurray sand characteristics, initial interpretation of the image data revealed that the depositional environment does not match that of the typical fluvial-estuarine sands; subsequently, an interpretation of all wireline data was performed. The results of this interpretation indicate a shoreface environment. Integrating all petrophysical measurements enabled geoscientists to obtain a more complete picture of the subsurface.
Production of High Quality Water for Oil Sands Application
Authors: Beaudette-Hodsman Chris , Macleod Brian , Venkatadri Ramraj 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Canadian oil sands in the province of Alberta are a hydrocarbon source for North America. By the year 2015, the oil sands will be producing in excess of 3 million barrels/day of crude oil. A number of companies operate Upgraders that convert the bitumen that is extracted from the oil sands into light sweet crude oil. Steam is required to heat utilities at the Upgrader facility.
In one major oil sands extraction site, well water is being used as feed water for the boilers producing this steam. Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems were designed and installed to produce high quality water required for this application. The pretreatment system was designed with conventional multimedia technology. The RO system required feed water with silt density index (SDI) of 3 or less. Due to ineffectiveness of the conventional pretreatment system, the SDI of the RO feed water was in the range of 12-20. This resulted in severe fouling of the RO membranes and production losses.
In order to optimize the performance of the RO membrane system, a pressurized microfiltration membrane system was delivered and commissioned within 5 days to replace the existing pre-treatment system. The new unit contained an automated PVDF hollow fiber microfiltration membrane system mounted in a trailer. SDI values in the range of 1.0-2.5 were immediately observed in the feed water to the RO system. The end user has enjoyed significant cost savings and ease of operation as a result of this innovative technology. This paper describes the details of the installation and the superior performance data gathered at the end user site.
Improved Simulation Design Factors for Unconventional Crude Vacuum Units: Cracked Gas Make & Stripping Section Performance
Authors: Remesat Darius 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Operating data has been gathered and shared to attempt to provide insight for design considerations for unconventional heavy oil/bitumen vacuum crude units, specifically data for cracked gas make and stripping section performance. As corroborated in literature5,7,9, unconventional crudes need to have appropriate design considerations applied into the design simulation.
Designers should "track down" all relevant data to improve the chances of realistically representing the expected operating situation from the design choices made. The data provided in this paper can be used a validation point for vacuum column designs with unconventional crudes.
Optimization of SAGD Wellbore Completions: Short Production Tubing String Sensitivities
Authors: Cokar Marya , Graham John 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A simulation study was carried out to examine the effects of changing the landing position of the short production tubing string relative to the heel of a SAGD production well. A homogeneous discretized wellbore model with the riser section was used in this study. Generally, a reservoir is modeled independent of the wellbore. However, this study models the reservoir and wellbore simultaneously to understand the interactions between them.
This paper outlines two independent case studies, which are outlined below: The first study involved shortening the short production tubing string relative to the heel of the well. It was found that as the short tubing string was pulled back from the heel of the well the bitumen production rate decreased, and the amount of steam produced through the short production tubing string increased.The second case study outlines the impact of extending the short production tubing string past the heel of the well on bitumen production and SOR. From this case study, it was found that as the short production tubing string was pushed past the heel of the well, the bitumen production rate stayed the same, but the steam injection rate decreased which consequently decreased the SOR. It was also observed that a lower pressure differential between the injector and producer well was established when the short production tubing string was extended.
The results for this study will assist SAGD producers to re-evaluate the position of the short production tubing string, and find the most economical position for this string. This paper creates the foundation for further simulation efforts to incorporate a discretized model with the build section coupled to the reservoir. This will allow production engineers to optimize bitumen production by simultaneously simulating the reservoir and wellbore strings together.
Flexible Cement Improves Wellbore Integrity for Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) Wells
Authors: DeBruijn Gunnar , Siso Carlos , Reinheimer Don , Whitton Sarah , Redekopp Dwayne 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Well integrity is a key requirement for continuing heavy oil development and production. Cement sheath integrity is crucial to maintaining zonal isolation, which prevents unwanted fluid migration, especially oil, gas and steam, outside of the wellbore. Current commercial production techniques in heavy oil use steam to provide heat to mobilize oil and allow production. These production techniques apply significant stress to the cement sheath which could lead to cement sheath failure. A computer simulation assessing the stress in the cement sheath is presented. Flexible cement systems can be designed so that the cement sheath can withstand the expected stresses during the life of the well.
Preventing cement breakdown can be achieved by improving the installation practices and by assessing and reducing the stresses imposed on the cement during the life of the well.
A case history detailing the installation of a flexible cement system in a SAGD production well is presented. Once a flexible cement system has been selected, careful planning and process control is required to deliver the system with the desired properties. Best practices must be used for placement of the system in the annulus. Industry best practices, especially the use of centralizers, viscous fluid spacers and pipe movement were employed. Excellent zonal isolation is achieved with the flexible cement system.
Several challenges also present themselves for the installation and also the evaluation of the cement sheath. Centralization and hole size play an important role in the placement of the cement system in the annulus. Assessing the well zonal isolation integrity is the next step once the cement is in place. Operating parameters for a particular well can be determined using numerical modelling to simulate the stress that the cement sheath will be exposed to.
Success of Behavioral Safety Programme
Authors: Malallah Sami 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Behavioral-based Safety is a well-established method for changing workers behavior and incident rates. However, a variety of approaches exist, some of which are more effective than others. To determine the most effective design of a behavioral safety process, a review of Behavioral-based Safety field studies was conducted from a safety practitioner’s viewpoint. Covering a wide range of settings, including construction and Oil & Gas, the review focused entirely on the degree of behavioral change and incident reduction resulting from different types of implementation.
To facilitate the analyses, common Behavioral-based Safety program design characteristics were identified and coded. These included (i) Observation focus (individuals, workgroups or outcomes); (ii) Observation contact rate; (iii) the feedback mechanisms used (i.e. posted, verbal & written feedback and monthly briefings); (iv) Goal-setting; and (v) Incentives or competition. The impact of each of these characteristics exerted on behavioral change was calculated.
The results clearly demonstrated that type of setting, the focus of observations, the frequency of observation, the number and types of feedback mechanisms used, in addition to process design considerations influence the effectiveness of behavioral safety programs.
The above study and implementation process was able to generate employees’ acceptance and participation. Number of observation executed in the field increased from 400 to 1500 observations per month within one year of implementation. The overall behavioral safety improved from 84% safe to 95% in the same period. The major improvement was in the Personal Protective Equipment use, especially eye protection category. The safety spectacles use improved from 40% to 75% safe.
Design Characteristics of an Effective BBS Process
Authors: Cooper Dominic 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBehavioural Safety is a well-established method for reducing changing behaviour and incident rates. However, there are a variety of approaches, some of which are more effective than others. To determine the most effective design of a behavioural safety process, a review of Behavioural Safety field studies was conducted from a safety practitioner’s viewpoint. Covering a wide range of settings, including Construction and Oil & Gas, the review focused entirely on the degree of behavioural change and incident reduction resulting from different types of implementation.To facilitate the analyses, common Behavioural Safety programme design characteristics were identified and coded. These included (i) Observation focus (individuals, workgroups or outcomes); (ii) Observation contact rate; (iii) The feedback mechanisms utilized (i.e. posted, verbal & written feedback and weekly briefings); (iv) Safety training; (v) Goal-setting; and (vi) Incentives or competition. The impact each of these characteristics exerted on injury rates and behavioural change was calculated.The results clearly demonstrated that type of setting, the focus of observations, the frequency of observation, the number and types of feedback mechanisms used, in addition to process design considerations influence the effectiveness of behavioural safety programmes.It is concluded Behavioural Safety programme design and its implementation will determine incident rate reduction and safety behaviour improvement.
Association of Parental Obesity With Concentrations of Select Systemic Biomarkers in Nonobese Offspring
Authors: Lieb Wolfgang , Pencina Michael J. , Lanier Katherine J. , Tofler Geoffrey H. , Levy Daniel , Fox Caroline S. , Wang Thomas J. , D'Agostino Ralph B. , Vasan Ramachandran S. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—Parental obesity is a risk factor for offspring obesity. It is unclear whether parental obesity also confers risk for obesity-associated conditions (e.g., a proinflammatory or prothrombotic state) in the absence of offspring obesity.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We compared concentrations of multiple biomarkers representing distinct biological pathways (C-reactive protein [CRP], aldosterone, renin, B-type natriuretic peptide, NH2-terminal proatrial natriuretic peptide, fibrinogen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) in nonobese Framingham Offspring Study participants with no parents (n = 665), one parent (n = 488), or two parents (n = 119) with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2).
RESULTS—Nonobese offspring with both parents with obesity had higher CRP levels (median 2.16 mg/l) than offspring with one parent (1.58 mg/l) or no parents (1.35 mg/l) with obesity. After multivariable adjustment, a nonlinear relationship with parental obesity became evident: compared with those without parental obesity, CRP levels were higher in offspring with two obese parents (P = 0.04) but not in offspring with only one obese parent (P = 0.76). Renin levels were more linearly related to parental obesity status, being significantly higher in offspring with one parent (P = 0.04) or two parents (P = 0.09) with obesity (P = 0.02 for trend). The other systemic biomarkers did not vary according to parental obesity status (all P &gt; 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS—Our findings suggest that offspring with a high risk of developing obesity have an altered biomarker profile, characterized by systemic inflammation and increased neurohormonal activity, even in the absence of obesity. This is consistent with the notion that parental obesity may confer an increased susceptibility to other adiposity-associated traits.
Circulating Levels of Adipocyte and Epidermal Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins in Relation to Nephropathy Staging and Macrovascular Complications in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Yeung Dennis C.Y. , Xu Aimin , Tso Annette W.K. , Chow W.S. , Wat Nelson M.S. , Fong Carol H.Y. , Tam Sidney , Sham Pak C. , Lam Karen S.L. 
Published: October 2008

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the relationships of serum adipocyte fatty acid–binding protein (A-FABP) and epidermal fatty acid–binding protein (E-FABP) with renal dysfunction and macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetic patients.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The associations of serum A-FABP and E-FABP with markers of renal function, nephropathy staging, and macrovascular complications were examined in 237 type 2 diabetic patients.
RESULTS—Serum A-FABP and E-FABP correlated significantly with serum creatinine, mean albumin excretion rate, and glomerular filtration rate (all P &lt; 0.001) and were independently associated with diabetic nephropathy staging (P = 0.001 and P &lt; 0.05, respectively). Circulating levels of both types of FABP were increased (P &lt; 0.01) in subjects with macrovascular complications. Serum A-FABP was independently associated with macrovascular complications (odds ratio 2.92 [95% CI 1.42–6.01]; P = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS—Serum A-FABP and E-FABP might be novel serum biomarkers for evaluating the progression of nephropathy and its cardiovascular risk in type 2 diabetic patients.
Harmful Hemiptera of Lygus Genus (Miridae, Hemiptera) On Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) In Hamedan Province (Western Iran)
Authors: Mirab-balou Majid , Khanjani Mohammad 
Published: October 2008

Harmful Hemiptera ofLygus Genus(Miridae, Hemiptera) On Alfalfa (Medicago SativaL.) In Hamedan Province (Western Iran)The research on the occurrence of herbivorous heteroptera ofLygusgenus on alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) was carried out over 2005-2006 in the Hamedan province (Western Iran). The analysis of the faunistic material collected from Hemiptera showed the occurrence of 4 species where dominant Heteroptera were represented by:Lygus rugulipennisPoppius,L. pratensisL.,L. gemellatusH.-S. andL. punctatusZ. The maximum abundance of these species coincided with full flowering alfalfa. AmongLygusspecies,L. rugulipennisP. was the most highly abundant in alfalfa's the main species in these fields.
Management of Collar Rot of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) by Trichoderma Harzianum and Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria
Authors: Maurya S. , Singh Rashmi , Singh D. , Singh H. , Singh U. , Srivastava J. 
Published: October 2008

Management of Collar Rot of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum) byTrichoderma Harzianumand Plant Growth Promoting RhizobacteriaCollar rot (Sclerotium rolfsii) of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is one of the devastating soil-borne diseases of fungal origin, due to which 10-30% yield loss is recorded annually according to severity of the disease. Management of collar rot of chickpea is not feasible in the absence of effective soil fungicides. However,Trichoderma harzianumand plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have shown high efficacy against this diseasein vitroas well as in the field. We usedT. harzianum(104, 106and 108spore/ml) and two PGPRs (Pseudomonas fluorescensstrain 4 andP. aeruginosa) as foliar spray with the fresh and heat inactivated microorganisms. Foliar application ofT. harzianum(108spore/ml) andP. fluorescensstrain 4 (108cfu/ml) showed maximum efficacy in reducing plant mortality as compared to the control. Foliar application of fresh-and heat-inactivated (121°C for 10 min)P. fluorescensstrain 4, andT. harzianumreduced 15-25% plant mortality butP. aeruginosashowed very little disease control of 10-15%. However, regarding plant growth promotion, it was observed that fresh-and heat-inactivatedP. fluorescensstrain 4 showed maximum efficacy followed by fresh and heat inactivatedP. aeruginosaandT. harzianumas compared to the control. The disease-controlling efficacy was also associated with the increase in phenolic acid synthesis in chickpea plants. The control of chickpea collar rot by biocontrol agents is safe and ecologically sound and appears to be a healthy approach to the disease control.
Papua and New Guinea Transcultural Psychiatry: Some Hazards of the Mixed-Blood Marginal Situation
Authors: Burton-Bradley B. G. 
Published: October 2008

An account is given of the historical origin of mixed blood persons in the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. The concept of marginal personality is discussed and considered to be clinically useful. Personality development is outlined and it is postulated that certain tension-reducing devices among persons of mixed blood are responsible for an observed minimal rate of overt psychosis. “Suffering which falls to our lot in the course of nature, or by chance, or fate, does not seem so painful as suffering which is inflicted on us by the arbitrary will of another.” —Schopenhauer.
Entre Gandolfinigi et Obertenghi : les comtes de Plaisance aux Xe et XIe siècles
Authors: Bougard François 
Published: October 2008

François Bougard, Entre Gandolfingi et Obertenghi : les comtes de Plaisance aux Xe et XIe siècles, p. 11-66.

Des recherches menées dans les archives de Plaisance (cathédrale et chapitre de Sant'Antonino) permettent d'éclairer la personnalité de deux figures locales, Gandolf, comte de Plaisance en 930, et Boson, connu comme «fils du marquis Gandolf» en 999. La carrière de Gandolf est replacée au sein de la succession des comtes de Plaisance. Son fils Boson, sans recueillir la charge paternelle, a su néammoins mettre la famille au premier rang des propriétaires du comté, par l'établissement d'un réseau de domaines couvrant tout le tiers occidental de la circonscription. Ces biens passent en bloc aux Obertenghi en 1028-1029 et constituent ainsi leur point d'appui majeur dans cette partie du royaume.
Les successeurs de Gandolf à l'office comtal, Riprandus de Basilica Duce et ses descendants, réussissent près d'un siècle durant, sous l'œil favorable des Canossa, à mettre en œuvre un programme dynastique servi par un dédoublement du comté et donc du titre, par l'établissement de liens familiaux avec les Obertenghi, par la possession durable d'un castrum et par les relations entretenues avec le monastère de San Savino de Plaisance. Au milieu du XIe siècle pourtant, l'intervention impériale vient rappeler la fragilité de ce genre de constructions.
Crise économique et régionalisation en Asie orientale
Authors: Boisseau du Rocher Sophie 
Published: October 2008

Sophie Boisseau du Rocher — Economic crisis and régionalisation in Eastern Asia.
The Asian economic crisis certainly served as boosting drive on the spur of novel views to the constitution of East-Asian community. But two main trigger- factors seem responsible for reversing the dominant current. Such are the initiatives taken prior to 1997 and the Chinese development, which serves as a powerful regional impetus.
Syndicalisme et efficience technique : une analyse appliquée aux firmes bangladaises
Authors: Plane Patrick , Salmon Claire 
Published: October 2008

Patrick Plane and Claire Salmon — Trade unionism and technical efficiency : a practical analysis to Bangladeshi firms.
The impact of trade union activity on the economic variables of firms has not been much studied, especially in developing countries. The authors of this paper attempted to apply econometric tests on the technical efficiency of a cross section of Bangladeshi firms by comparing those with and without trade unions. Estimates of a « parametric frontier model » between the two situations suggest a rather positive relationship. The statistically significant influence of trade unions however proves relevant only when considered in relation to firms predominantly owned by foreigners and in the overall context of econometric variables determining firm efficiency.
Introduction : Femmes en domesticité. Les domestiques du Sud, au Nord et au Sud
Authors: Destremau Blandine , Lautier Bruno 
Published: October 2008

Blandine Destremau and Bruno Lautier — Women in domesticity : Domestic servants of the South, in the North and in the South.
This article identifies the « hard-core » of the characteristics of domestic employment after stressing the minor concern of the social sciences for the role of household servants. It then draws on the considerable diversity of global domestic servants' situations : itinerary, social and legal status, wages and living conditions. After briefly examining the relevance of the notion of « domestic slavery », the text underlines the importance of the theme of mobility.
L'émergence d'un marché du travail domestique au Yémen : une étude sur Sana'a
Authors: Destremau Blandine 
Published: October 2008

Blandine Destremau — The emergence of the domestic labour market in Yemen : a study of Sana' a.
The emergence of a domestic labour market is recent in Yemen. It results from the transformation of life-styles of the middle and upper social groups and from growing disparities. It is fuelled by the presence of thousands of women from East Africa and Asia. Legal loopholes allow the foreign domestic workers to develop strategies that combine professional and geographical mobility. For the impoverished Yemeni women who have no other choice, domestic labour tends to constitute a « poverty trap ».