bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further decrease in thyroidal uptake and disappearance of endemic goitre in children after 30 years of iodine prophylaxis in the east of Finland
Authors: Lamberg B-A , Haikonen M. , Mäkelä M. , Jukkara A. , Axelson E. , Welin M-G 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Endemic goitre of moderate severity was mainly found in the east of Finland in the 1930's. Studies in the 1950's showed an average daily iodine intake of 65–70 μg in the west and 50–65 μg in the east of the country. The use of iodized salt was introduced in the late 1940's but added only 15 μg of iodine to the daily intake. In the late 1950's iodine prophylaxis was intensified and the use of salt containing 25 mg KI/kg was recommended. In 1978 about 95% of all household salt used in the Savonlinna area was iodized. This region in the east of Finland has been used as an area of surveillance and studies have been carried out there in 1959, 1969 and 1979. During this period the thyroidal uptake decreased from 67 to 23% in non-goitrous subjects and from 62 to 28% in goitre patients the difference between the two last figures being statistically significant. The goitre patients also had significantly higher serum thyroxine and triiodothyronine levels. During the same period the urinary excretion of stable 127I increased from 45 μg to about 250 μg a day. Concomitantly the goitre prevalence among school children has decreased. Having been in the early 1950's in most parts 15–30% it is generally now 1–4%. It seems that the iodine intake is now adequate and that the endemia is gradually sub-siding.
Intermittent course of chronic goitrous autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Frey Harald 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A case is reported of a woman of 30 where chronic autoimmune thyroiditis was diagnosed in 1970. The diagnosis was based on palpation, thyroid function tests and elevated titres of antibodies against thyroid constituents. She was initially treated with small doses of prednisone with complete clinical and biochemical remission which persisted also after therapy was withdrawn.
In the following 10 years she had three new episodes of goitre and biochemical hypothyroidism, all responding fast and completely to small doses of prednisone. Between these episodes she had periodes of several months up to 3 years with no detectable thyroid disease even when not on treatment.
The effect of ornithine-α-ketoglutarate on insulin and glucagon secretion in normal subjects
Authors: Krassowski Janusz , Rousselle Jean , Maeder Evelyne , Felber Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Ornithine-α-ketoglutarate (OAK), a drug commonly used in various catabolic states, was studied for its acute effects on endocrine pancreas. A 30-min infusion of OAK (20 g/m2) induced significant increases in insulin levels (from 15 through 60 min) and in glucagon levels (from 15 through 90 min). However, OAK-induced insulin and glucagon responses were lower than after a 0.5 g/kg arginine infusion. The fluctuations of blood glucose levels were much less marked during OAK infusion than during arginine and especially the late fall was less evident.
Two cases of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency - one combined with complete gonadal agenesis
Authors: Tvedegaard Erling , Frederiksen Viggo , Ølgaard Klaus , Nielsen Meta Damkjær , Starup Jørgen 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Two cases of 17α-hydroxylase deficiency are described. Both patients had primary amenorrhoea, total lack of female secondary sexual characteristics, slight hypertension and hypokalaemia.
One patient was of male genotype (male pseudohermaphrodite), and in addition this patient had complete gonadal agenesis. The other patient was of female genotype.
In both patients the level of plasma corticosterone was markedly increased, whereas the concentration of plasma cortisol was very low and plasma aldosterone low within the normal range. Furthermore, the plasma ACTH level was significantly increased and the plasma renin activity around the lower normal limit. The urinary excretion of corticosterone metabolites was markedly increased, whereas the excretion of both cortisol metabolites and tetrahydroaldosterone was decreased. The patients had no symptoms of glucocorticoid deficiency.
Treatment with dexamethasone 0.5 mg daily completely suppressed the abnormal corticosterone production and normalized both blood pressure and serum potassium. In addition, the patient of male genotype has received sequential therapy with oestrogen and gestagen for 3 years, but so far no development of the secondary sexual characteristics has occurred.
In vitro inactivation of the oestradiol receptor by a lysosome-enriched fraction from rat uterus
Authors: Pino Ana Maria , Sierralta Walter 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The inactivating action of a lysosome-enriched fraction on oestradiol receptors from rat uterus cytosol under in vitro conditions is reported.
During incubation at 25°C in the absence of oestradiol, the inactivation of the oestradiol receptor depends directly on the amount of lysosome-enriched fraction present. Boiled lysosome-enriched fractions have no effect on cytosol receptors.
The inactivation of oestradiol receptors was maximal when the incubation was performed at pH 7.5 and follows second order kinetics. Progesterone receptors were also lost during the incubation but two other proteins present in cytosol (aldolase and lactate dehydrogenase) show almost no change in amount during the procedure. It appears that the inactivating process reflects the action of quite specific entities present in the lysosome-enriched fraction.
The effect of the lysosome-enriched fraction on cytosol oestradiol receptors is quantitative as judged from unchanged Ka value and electrophoretic mobility of the surviving receptors.
Inhibitory effect of calcium on serum prolactin
Authors: Kruse Klaus , Kracht Ute 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of calcium (Ca) infusions on serum prolactin (Prl) was studied in normal controls and children with disorders of Ca metabolism: Three patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (vitamin D deficiency rickets), 2 children with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism, 13 epileptic patients with anticonvulsant drug induced inhibition of calcitonin (CT) secretion and 1 patient with vitamin D resistant rickets with normal CP and low PTH secretion.
Ca induced a significant decline of serum Prl in most subjects which could not be explained by the associated increase of CT or decrease of iPTH. The important role of Ca for the in vitro secretion of dopamine has been established for a long time. It is speculated that the inhibitory effect of Ca infusion on serum Prl may be due to dopamine release from nerve tracts in the hypothalamus.
A new protease in hog thyroid lysosomes
Authors: Nakagawa H. , Endo Y. , Ohtaki S. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The presence of protease activity at pH 7.5 and at acidic pH was demonstrated in the soluble fraction of lysosomes which were prepared from hog thyroid homogenates by subcellular fractionation. The ratios of specific activity measured at pH 7.5 to that at pH 3.5 were 0.07 to 0.08 for casein (at pH 7.5) or haemoglobin (at pH 3.5) as substrate and 0.13 for iodoamino acid-releasing activity from thyroglobulin as substrate. The protease activity measured at pH 7.5 was inhibited by inhibitors for neutral type protease, such as leupeptin, and by sulfhydryl inhibitors, such as iodoacetamide, indicating that the protease was a leupeptin-sensitive protease and contained a sulfhydryl group for its active site. Insensitiveness of the protease activity to di-isopropyl fluorophosphate excluded the involvement of a serine group at the active site. At pH 5.5 the proteolytic and iodoamino acid-releasing activities using casein and thyroglobulin, respectively, were also investigated. Several lines of evidence suggested that both activities measured at pH 5.5 were due to a mixture of acidic and leupeptin-sensitive protease activities.
Prolonged steroidogenesis in luteinized ovaries of hypophysectomized rats
Authors: van Straalen R. J. C. , Leemborg F. G. , Vreeburg J. T. M. , Zeilmaker G. H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Luteinized ovaries of rats hypophysectomized shortly after ovulation 25–80 days previously secrete considerable amounts of 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one, 20α-OHP) into the blood-stream. The serum concentration of 20α-OHP in these hypophysectomized animals is almost similar to that of progesterone in intact pseudopregnant rats on day 7 of pseudopregnancy, in spite of the absence of demonstrable amounts of prolactin. Isolated corpora lutea of the last generation and the remainder of the ovarian tissue both contained 20α-OHP. Six months after hypophysectomy no detectable amount of 20α-OHP was found in the serum. Androgenized rats, devoid of corpora lutea, did not produce 20α-OHP after hypophysectomy. These data show that pituitary hormones are not required for the prolonged synthesis and secretion of 20α-OHP by the luteinized ovary.
Distribution of prostaglandin E2 and prostaglandin F2α receptors in human myometrium
Authors: Bauknecht Th. , Krahe B. , Rechenbach U. , Zahradnik H. P. , Breckwoldt M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Human myometrium was studied for specific binding of PGE2 and PGF2α. PGF2α-binding was almost undetectable, but specific binding sites for PGE2 with high affinity (KD = 2.7 ± 0.4 × 10−9 m were demonstrated. The binding capacity for PGE2 exhibited a topically different distribution pattern with the highest values in the central parts and low to undetectable levels in the cervical region. Binding characteristics were analyzed by receptor kinetics, revealing a homogenous receptor population. Binding capacity in uteri obtained from post-menopausal women was of the order of 900–940 fmol/mg protein. Oestrogen pre-treatment and pregnancy were associated with a 3-fold reduction of the PGE2-binding capacity.
On the biogenesis of diamines and polyamines in the pregnant rat
Authors: Andersson Anne-Charlotte , Henningsson Stig 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The urinary excretion of the diamines histamine, methylhistamine, putrescine and cadaverine and the polyamines spermidine and spermine was studied in rats which on the 19th day of pregnancy were subjected to various ectomizing operations.
In sham-operated rats the urinary excretion of all the amines studied except spermine was highly elevated on the day preceding the sham-operation and on the 3 days studied post-operatively, i.e. sham-operation did not affect the elevated urinary amine excretion during pregnancy.
Foetectomy resulted in an abolished increase in the urinary excretion of histamine and methylhistamine while the excretion of putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine was still significantly increased.
Removal of both the foetuses and placentae reduced the excretion of putrescine, cadaverine and spermidine towards the level of non-pregnant rats.
Combined hysterectomy and ovariectomy did not cause any additional effects to those after removal of the foetuses and the placentae except for cadaverine, the excretion of which was further reduced.
Pituitary and gonadal function in prepubertal and pubertal boys with hypospadias
Authors: Okuyama A. , Namiki M. , Koide T. , Itatani H. , Nishimoto N. , Mizutani S. , Sonoda T. , Aono T. , Matsumoto K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Luteinizing hormone releasing hormone (LRH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) tests were performed in 18 prepubertal and 29 pubertal boys with hypospadias to examine pituitary and gonadal function. Thirty-one normal boys were also examined as controls. In the prepubertal group, the mean level of serum peak LH after LRH was significantly higher and the mean level of serum peak testosterone after hCG was significantly lower in boys with hypospadias than in normal boys, though about half of the patients had peak LH levels within ± 2 sd of the normal mean. There was little or no response to hCG in 3 out of 18 boys with hypospadias.
In the pubertal group, serum levels of LH, FSH and testosterone in all cases were clearly higher than those in the prepubertal group and distinct or moderate responses to LRH and hCG were found in all boys including patients examined. Although serum basal FSH and testosterone levels were similar in the two groups, the mean levels of serum basal LH, peak LH and FSH in LRH test were significantly higher and the mean level of serum peak testosterone after hCG was significantly lower in boys with hypospadias than in normal boys. However, more than half of the patients had these levels within ± 2 sd of the normal means. The difference was more marked in LH than in FSH levels. An elevated mean serum FSH suggests hypofunction of not only the Leydig cells but also of the seminiferous tubules at least in some boys with hypospadias.
Adrenal insufficiency from metastatic colonic carcinoma masquerading as isolated aldosterone deficiency
Authors: Black Robert M. , Daniels Gilbert H. , Coggins Cecil H. , Mueller Peter R. , Data Richard E. , Lichtenstein Norman 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A case of adrenal insufficiency secondary to metastatic colonic carcinoma is reported. Because the patient was taking prednisone for an unrelated condition, his initial presentation mimicked isolated aldosterone deficiency with an elevated serum potassium of 8.7 mmol/l. Cortisol deficiency was documented by ACTH testing. The diagnosis of metastatic disease causing adrenal insufficiency was suspected after a computed body scan of the abdomen revealed marked bilateral adrenal enlargement. Adrenal insufficiency secondary to metastatic cancer is reviewed.
Ultrasonic measurement of ovarian follicles, ovarian and uterine size during induction of ovulation with human gonadotrophins
Authors: Ylöstalo Pekka , Lindgren Per Gunnar , Nillius Sven Johan 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Twelve anovulatory women were examined by compound B-mode and real-time ultrasound scanning during induction of follicular maturation and ovulation. by human gonadotrophins. The treatment was monitored by daily serum oestrogen determinations. Ovarian follicles became visible on the ultrasound scans after 4 days of treatment, on average. The mean follicular diameter at that time was 8 mm. Multiple follicles developed in all but one of the 12 patients. At induction of ovulation the diameter of the dominant follicle varied between 15 and 22 mm. The serum oestrogen level was related to the number of follicles, the diameter of the greatest follicle and the ovarian size. There was a marked increase in the ovarian size during the treatment. The size of the uterus also increased. Ultrasound may be a valuable complement to daily oestrogen determinations for monitoring human gonadotrophin therapy.
Effects of 17β-hydroxy-7α-methylandrost-5-en-3-one on early pregnancy in the rat
Authors: Saksena S. K. , Lau I. F. , Salmonsen R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A single sc injection of 1 mg 17β-hydroxy-7α-methylandrost-5-en-3-one (RMI-12,936) given a few hours after mating interrupted pregnancy in all the treated rats. Circulating progesterone (Δ4P) levels were higher in RMI-12,936 treated females than in controls on the corresponding days during the course of termination of pregnancy. Higher levels of Δ4P were recorded on day-4 (P < 0.01) and day-6 (P< 0.05) of pregnancy. In addition to the changes in serum Δ4P, an acceleration of egg transport was encountered. The eggs were prematurely expelled from the uterus within 48 h of the treatment. Although the oestrous cycle of the RMI-12,936 treated females was disturbed, they were found sexually receptive. Successful matings resulting in normal gestation and morphologically normal foetuses were recorded 20–26 days after RMI-12,936 induced pregnancy termination. These results suggest that in addition to its mid-pregnancy terminating effect, RMI-12,936 is capable of interrupting early pregnancy when given soon after mating in the rat. The safety and efficacy of this compound as a post-coital contraceptive deserves further investigation.
Hormonal pattern in prostatic cancer I. Correlation with local extent of tumour, presence of metastases and grade of differentiation
Authors: Rannikko S. , Kairento Anna-Liisa , Karonen Sirkka-Liisa , Adlercreutz H. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In 32 subjects with histologically and/or cytologically verified prostatic cancer the hormonal pattern was studied by assaying 18 plasma and urinary hormones or groups of hormones. The tumours were classified according to the UICC classification system and the hormone values were correlated to the local extent of the tumour (T classification), the presence of metastases (M classification) and the differentiation grade (G classification). It was found that patients with metastases had significantly higher plasma oestradiol and lower testosterone/oestradiol and testosterone/oestrone plus oestradiol ratios as compared to those subjects without metastases. In subjects with moderately or poorly differentiated tumours plasma oestrone + oestradiol was significantly higher and the testosterone/oestrone + oestradiol ratio was significantly lower than in the subjects with well differentiated tumours. In the various TNM classification groups no obvious trends were found with regard to urinary hormones and no significant differences between the groups for plasma FSH, LH, prolactin, progesterone and cortisol were observed. It is concluded that in more advanced cases with metastatic cancer and when tumours are less well differentiated the androgen/oestrogen ratio may be decreased. These alterations have no diagnostic significance because of great overlapping of individual results between the various groups of patients.
Hormonal pattern in prostatic cancer
Authors: Adlercreutz H. , Rannikko S. , Kairento Anna-Liisa , Karonen Sirkka-Liisa 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In 32 subjects with histologically and/or cytologically verified prostatic cancer the hormonal pattern was studied by assaying 18 plasma and urinary hormones or groups of hormones and relating the values to the response to endocrine treatment. Total orchidectomy (orchiepididymectomy) was performed on 9 patients, subcapsular orchidectomy on 13 patients and oestrogen therapy with Estradurin® was given in 4 patients. Six patients had total orchidectomy followed by oestrogen therapy. With few exceptions all values were within the normal range. The only significant exceptions were the high urinary oestrogen values and the low urinary oestrone + oestradiol/oestriol ratio observed as compared to healthy males working in a factory. No urinary hormone values or ratios of hormone values could be used for the prediction of prognosis in prostatic carcinoma patients. However, the ratios of plasma testosterone/oestradiol (T/Oe2) and testosterone/prolactin (T/Prl) were found to give good information with regard to the response to endocrine treatment. High values for one or both of these ratios meant a good response to treatment in all subjects without exception in this material. Subjects with both ratios low had a good response to endocrine treatment in 50% of the cases. No other plasma hormones measured were of any help prognostically. It is concluded that by measuring the T/Oe2 and T/Prl ratios it seems possible to select a group of patients with favourable primary response to endocrine treatment.
Effect of exogenous β-endorphin on anterior pituitary hormone secretion in man
Authors: Oyama Tsutomu , Yamaya Ryuji , Jin Toshiro , Kudo Tsuyoshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of large amounts of synthesized human β-endorphin (β-Ep) administered intrathecally on pituitary-adrenocortical function was investigated by determining the plasma levels of ACTH, cortisol, growth hormone and prolactin in 8 patients with pain caused by severe disseminated cancer. They were divided into 2 groups, an Ep group of 8 patients and a control group of 5 of the same 8 patients. There were no significant effects of β-Ep on plasma ACTH, cortisol and growth hormone levels. However, the injection of β-Ep into human subjects resulted in a rise in plasma concentrations of prolactin.
Circumstantial evidence for a role of the secretory pattern of growth hormone in control of body growth
Authors: Jansson John-Olov , Albertsson-Wikland Kerstin , Edén Staffan , Thorngren Karl-Göran , Isaksson Olle 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The effect of frequency of growth hormone (GH) administration on longitudinal bone growth and body weight was studied in hypophysectomized rats which were given replacement therapy with corticosteroids, thyroxine and GH with start of therapy on the day of surgery. Longitudinal bone growth, as determined by the tetracycline method, was measured during the last 5 days of the 9 day long period with replacement therapy. The daily replacement dose of GH (bGH-17:NIH) was 200 μg and was given on 1, 2, 4 or 8 occasions.
Longitudinal bone growth was enhanced in the groups of animals receiving the hormone on two or more occasions per day. The most pronounced response was seen with an administration frequency of four times per day. Changes in body weight during the injection period showed similar changes.
The results of the present study show that the administration frequency of growth hormone is important for the growth rate in hypophysectomized rats which have been given replacement therapy. The findings suggest that the secretory pattern of GH is an important factor for optimum growth.
Isolation of radioactive iodothyronines for kinetic studies: a comparison of two methods
Authors: Faber Jens , Lumholtz lb Bo , Kirkegaard Carsten , Siersbæk-Nielsen Kaj , Friis Thorkild 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
A method based on the principle of gel separation followed by antibody extraction (GSAE) has been developed for isolation of radioactive thyroxine (T4), 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3), 3,3'-diiodothyronine (3,3'-T2), 3',5'-diiodothyronine (3',5'-T2) and 3'-monoiodothyronine (3'-T1) in serum. This method was used for the estimation of the metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of the iodothyronines using the single injection, non-compartmental approach, and was compared to the conventional trichloroacetic acid precipitation/ethanol extraction (TCA-E) technique. The GSAE method excluded the co-determination of radioactive iodine and iodoproteins, whereas the co-determination of radiolabelled daughter iodothyronines was found negligible. The relative difference of duplicate estimations of MCR was approximately 10%. Using the TCA-E method for isolation of tracer, the MCR of T4, T3 and rT3 was underestimated to a minor degree (20%), whereas the MCRs of 3,3'-T2, 3',5'-T2 and 3'-T1 were 20–40% of those estimated by the GSAE method. In conclusion the GSAE method was found suitable for kinetic studies of iodothyronines, whereas the TCA-E method cannot be used for turnover studies of 3,3'-T2, 3',5'-T2 or 3'-T1.
The effect of radiation on thyroid C cells
Authors: Thurston Valerie , Williams E. D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
To study the effects of radiation from 131I on thyroid C cells, newborn rats were given 0, 5 or 10 μCi 131I and studied at 3 monthly intervals over 2 years. Routine stains, calcitonin immunolocalization and quantitation were used to study follicular and C cells.
Both radiation doses led to almost complete disappearance of C cells, with only scattered morphological abnormal surviving cells. After a year, some animals showed focal reappearance of C cells; these isolated clusters were interpreted as clones of cells, derived after a considerable lag period, from the very few surviving C cells which had not been sterilized. This focal regeneration was dosedependent. It is concluded that C cells are much more radiosensitive to radiation from 131I than follicular cells. These observations support the use of 131I therapy in the treatment of post-operative thyroid residues in patients with C cell hyperplasia, or microscopic intrathyroid deposits of medullary carcinoma.