bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Customer complaint situations: An equity theory perspective
Authors: Lapidus Richard S. , Pinkerton Lori 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to determine the effects of equity and outcomes in customer complaint situations. The study utilized a 2 × 2 within‐subjects design with equity (inequity, equity) and outcomes (low, high) as the independent variables. The dependent variables were perceived equity, behavioral intentions, resentment, and guilt. Subjects were 128 students from a large western university. It was hypothesized that high outcome situations would be perceived as more equitable than low outcome situations, regardless of equity condition; high outcome situations would yield more favorable behavioral intentions, regardless of equity condition; subjects would perceive more resentment in inequitable, low outcome situations; subjects would perceive more guilt in inequitable, high outcome situations. Hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were supported. Hypothesis 4 was not supported. Implications for customer complaint handling practices were discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Cognitive and affective components of Aad in a low motivation processing set
Authors: Celuch Kevin G. , Slama Mark 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIt was hypothesized that for television ads the cognitive and affective components of Aad would predict brand attitude in a low motivation processing set, and that the relative influence of the components would be a function of ad execution format. These hypotheses were supported, and it was found that the program context had little influence on the relationships. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Consumer evaluation of recycled products
Authors: Mobley Amy S. , Painter Todd S. , Untch Eric M. , Rao Unnava H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDespite the tremendous growth of recycled and recyclable products in recent years, there exists very little research on how consumers evaluate such products. An experiment was conducted to examine whether consumers' reactions to recycled products is product specific and cognitive or affective and not product specific. Results indicated that consumers are favorably influenced by the presence of recycled material regardless of the type of product, thus supporting an affective evaluation process. Results also indicated that the positive effects of recycling held only for established brands and not for new brands. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Measuring customer orientation of a salesperson: Modifications of the soco scale
Authors: Tadepalli Raghu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article addresses modifications made to the Michaels and Day (1985) version of the SOCO (selling orientation customer orientation) scale. Two modifications were made on the basis of pilot interviews conducted with industrial buyers. First, the scale items were changed to refer to a particular salesperson rather than salespeople. Second, the 9‐point scale was changed to a more conventional 7‐point scale. Further, in order to provide all respondents with the same frame of reference, scale instructions were modified to refer to the respondent's most recent buying situation. Scale properties were evaluated using the updated paradigm suggested by Gerbing and Anderson (1988). Unidimensionality of the scale was insured through the use of a confirmatory factor analysis program. The reliability of the scale is higher than that reported by Saxe and Weitz (1982), and Michaels and Day (1985). Convergent and discriminant validity were also assessed. The scale as modified in this article can be used to assess buyers' perceptions of salespeople and could provide sales managers with a means of assessing long‐term aspects of a salesperson's performance. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Romanticism and wanderlust: An effect of personality on consumer preferences
Authors: Holbrook Morris B. , Olney Thomas J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study investigates the role of romanticism versus classicism in determining consumer preferences among various types of vacation trips. Specifically, it proposes a personality index intended to measure romanticism versus classicism (RC) and reports an experiment that supports both the reliability of the proposed a priori RC Index and its validity in moderating the utilities of two travel features (risk and warmth) as determinants of travel preferences. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Psychographic constructs and demographic segments
Authors: Gilbert Faye W. , Warren William E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAs marketers attempt to place advertisements based on demographic profiles, the use of psychographic information becomes more important. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the validity of selected psychographic measures as well as to then relate these constructs to demographic segments. The analysis, using LISREL VI, assesses the constructs, which then, based on MANOV, are related to demographic segments. Implications of the study for validating psychographic measures and for applying this knowledge are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The effects of background music on consumers' desire to affiliate in buyer‐seller interactions
Authors: Dubé Laurette , Chebat Jean‐Charles , Morin Sylvie 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe effect of music‐induced pleasure and arousal on consumers' desire to affiliate in buyer‐seller interactions were investigated in the context of bank services. Background music was manipulated using classical music extracts pretested to vary in pleasure (low, moderate, and high) and arousal (low, moderate, and high) according to the Affect Grid (Russell, Weiss, & Mendelsohn, 1989). Independent and interactive effects of music‐induced pleasure and arousal on consumers' desire to affiliate were found. Higher desire to affiliate was associated with more pleasure and more arousal; pleasure had a stronger positive impact under low and high arousal than under a moderate level, and arousal had a stronger effect under low and high pleasure compared to moderate level. Theoretical and practical implications of the results are provided. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sexualized aspects of consumer behavior: An empirical investigation of consumer lovemaps
Authors: Gould Stephen J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSexuality has not been investigated by marketers and consumer researchers in terms of the constructs and theories developed by sex researchers. This article takes a first step in applying their approaches by investigating in an empirical study the consumer lovemap, an aspect of the more general lovemap. It focuses, in particular, on two aspects of the consumer lovemap in relation to product use, namely, the Consumer Sexual Behavior Sequence, which is a model of sexual stages, and product sexualization. In addition, it assesses the individual difference effects of the trait of erotophobia‐erotophilia and of one's own sex. The results indicate that the newly introduced approaches helped to explain consumers' perceptions of the use of various products. Both managerial and future research implications are drawn. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Situational effects on brand preferences for image products
Authors: Schmitt Bernd H. , Shultz Clifford J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of the study was to provide evidence for the influence of situational variables on consumer preferences toward the image product of men's fragrances, and to illustrate how these situational variables can be used to create positioning strategies. In a 3 × 3 experimental design, male and female subjects provided purchasing preference ratings for, and rated each cologne on, a number of scales related to price, brand image and packaging, scent, and inferred characteristics of the typical consumer. ANOVAs and a constrained unfolding analysis using GENFOLD2 were used to analyze the data. The analyses revealed that subjects' preferences were influenced by the purchasing target (self or others), and suggested that people's preferences may be mediated by person prototypes and situation prototypes. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Using consumer perceptions to operationalize the service construct: Exploratory research in theory extension and validation
Authors: Murray Keith B. , Schlacter John L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDespite the ascendancy of services marketing as a topic of interest, an absence of empirical validation measures and well‐grounded research techniques in the area is evident. This article explores the need for marketing to develop an approach by which services marketing empirical research can be advanced. A methodology is proposed that operationalizes the service construct by identifying consumer perceptions of goods and services, and which provides a practical basis for conducting empirical research. Empirical evidence is offered that suggests strong reliability and face validity in support of this approach. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effects of ambient odors on slot‐machine usage in a las vegas casino
Authors: Hirsch Alan R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractStudies have shown that ambient aromas impact on consumers' behavior. To further investigate such effects, for one weekend, two slot‐machine areas in a Las Vegas casino were odorized, each with a different aroma. A third slot‐machine area served as an unodorized control. The amounts of money gambled in slot machines located in the three areas were measured and compared for the weekend of the odorization and for the weekends before and after as well, to control for extraneous variables. Our data show that the amount of money gambled in the slot machines surrounding Odorant No. 1 during the experimental weekend was greater than the amount gambled in the same area during the weekends before and after the experiment by an average of 45.11% (p = < 0.0001). Further, the amount of the increase appeared greater on Saturday when the concentration of odorant was higher: mean increase on Saturday was 53.42% (p = < 0.0001) versus mean increase on Sunday of 33.66% (p = < 0.003). The amounts of money gambled in the slot machines surrounding Odorant No. 2 and in the control area did not change significantly compared to the previous weekend and the weekend following the experiment. The likely mechanism of action of the effective odorant and the implications of these results are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ecoscale: A scale for the measurement of environmentally responsible consumers
Authors: Stone George , Barnes James H. , Montgomery Cameron 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe authors develop a 31‐item instrument (ECOSCALE) for the assessment of environmental responsibility. Discussion of the conceptualization and operational functions used in constructing and refining the multiple‐item scale to measure the construct environmental responsibility are described. Also presented is evidence that the scale has been validated through assessment of content validity, predictive validity, and construct validity. A final description of the theoretical uses of such a scale is provided. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Service quality and the congruency of employee perceptions and customer expectations: The case of an electric utility
Authors: Klose Allen , Finkle Todd 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUnderstanding how the quality of customer service is impacted by employees is essential to managing and improving customer service quality. This article develops a model that looks at the relationship between a series of two important customer service gaps. The first series of gaps (service provider gaps) is a result of the difference between consumers' and employees' expectations based on various dimensions of the customer service encounter. The second series of gaps (service quality gaps) occur when a difference exists between consumer expectations and the service they actually receive based on specific aspects of the customer service encounter. This study found a positive significant relationship between these two series of gaps. This significant relationship provides empirical evidence as to the importance of keeping employees informed about the expectations of consumers. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A comparative analysis of four scales of consumer involvement
Authors: Mittal Banwari 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFour recent scales of consumer involvement are compared. These scales are first scrutinized, and, where necessary, modified, on a priori grounds. The modified scales are then empirically compared in terms of unidimensionality, convergent and discriminant validity, and nomological validity. On these criteria, the pruned and modified version of each of the four scales is found satisfactory. However, some unique features of each, which are discussed as trade‐offs that marketing researchers would have to consider in their choice of a scale to measure this important consumer behavior construct. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The implications of interstate banking for consumers
Authors: Bennett Randall W. , Loucks Christine 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to discuss the implications of interstate banking for consumers. The article describes the current structure of the banking industry, the history of legislation affecting interstate banking, and the expected effects of interstate banking on bank operating costs, availability of local funds, and concentration and competition within local banking markets as well as the anticipated effects on consumers of banking services. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Marketing financial services to all levels of affluence
Authors: Verbrugge James A. , Whidbee David A. , Friedmann Roberto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study examines efforts being made by commercial banks to satisfy their obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act while at the same time responding to changes in their economic and competitive environments. Banks are being directly and indirectly mandated by outside forces to find ways to serve all segments of their markets. What one could consider the banks' choices or prerogatives, such as served markets, selection and pursuit of desired market niches, differentiation strategies, and positioning alternatives, are all being affected by outside regulatory forces. In an effort to identify the marketing‐related factors that differentiate the two groups, this study compares the policies and characteristics of those institutions that are satisfying their regulatory obligations to those institutions that are not satisfying their obligations. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Microwave and millimeter‐wave device and circuit design based on physical modeling
Authors: Snowden C. M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe development and application of physical models for use in the design of microwave and millimeter‐wave devices and circuits is reviewed. The relative merits of physical models for a variety of active and passive devices are presented together with state‐of‐the‐art results. Particular emphasis is placed on the suitability of the models for use in computer‐aided design software. The techniques used to implement the models in linear and nonlinear designs are examined. Recent developments are presented which indicate the trend toward incorporating these types of models in future design software packages.
From static approximations to full‐wave analysis: The analysis of planar line discontinuities
Authors: Wolff Ingo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA comparison of different methods for the characterization of planar line discontinuities with emphasis on microstrip discontinuities is given, thereby describing the present state of the art in this area of microwave circuit CAD. Quasi‐static equivalent circuit models, the magnetic wall waveguide model of microstrip discontinuities, full‐wave analysis techniques like the orthogonal series expansion and mode matching techniques, the spectral domain analysis technique using roof‐top functions, and the finite‐difference time‐domain technique are described briefly and compared with respect to their numerical efficiency and their capabilities.
Radiation from microstrip circuits: An introduction
Authors: Gardiol Fred E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMicrostrips are open structures, that tend to radiate as the frequency of the signal increases within the microwave range. Radiation becomes significant in the vicinity of discontinuities, particularly when parts of the structure resonate. This situation is encountered in the design of filters, which often are arrays of radiating dipoles. When circuits are placed within metal enclosures, the radiated waves are reflected on the walls, and produce interference.The mechanism of radiation is linked to the excitation of three kinds of waves: radiated waves, leaky waves, and surface waves. The latter remain trapped within the dielectric substrate and propagate with little attenuation (i.e., optical fibers), producing spurious coupling and diffraction.An analysis technique originally developed for patch antennas provides a means to rigorously analyze the radiation from unenclosed microstrip circuits. It is based on a mixed potential integral equation formulation (MPIE), making use of Green's functions provided by Sommerfeld integrals, for which an exact evaluation technique was developed. The currents flowing on the circuits are expanded over a set of subsectional basis functions, and their intensities are determined by a method of moments. This approach provides both the circuit parameters (impedance or scattering matrices), and its radiation characteristics (antenna pattern). It allows one to determine the effect produced by a radiating element on another one, even when the two are not closely located with respect to one another.
A de‐embedding algorithm for electromagnetics
Authors: Rautio James C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA “double delay” de‐embedding algorithm appropriate for electromagnetic analyses is described. This algorithm uses only two standards, a through and a double length through. By evaluating these standards, a special class of port discontinuities may be characterized and removed from the data calculated for a complete structure. Unlike related physical de‐embedding algorithms, both the characteristic impedance and the velocity of propagation of the through lines are determined. The technique described here is difficult to implement in a physical de‐embedding. The de‐embedding theory also provides a new definition of characteristic impedance, “equivalent TEM impedance,” for inhomogeneous media, such as microstrip. This new impedance exhibits a nonmonotonic dispersion which has been measured experimentally but is not seen using previous impedance definitions.
A generalized analysis method for microwave circuits with diodes
Authors: Han Liang , Wang Yunyi , Li Sifan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA generalized analysis method for nonlinear circuits composed of multiple devices, multi‐frequency excitation, and a multiport linear embedding subnetwork is proposed. An adaptable computing program is developed. The method is demonstrated by application to a microwave balanced mixer. The effect of parameter difference between two diodes on the behavior of a mixer is investigated.
Application of a simplified real‐frequency synthesis method to distributed‐element amplifier design
Authors: Soares R. , Perennec A. , Olomo Ngongo A. , Jarry P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe simplified real‐frequency method is probably the best microwave circuit synthesis method available for the design of broadband amplifiers for electronic countermeasure (ECM) or communications applications. When applied to the design of interstage equalizers for microwave amplifiers, the procedure, contrary to classical synthesis techniques, utilizes only the measured scattering parameters of the 2‐port active device. The method thus directly includes device feedback effects, and neither ana priorichoice of matching network topology nor an analytical form of the system transfer function is necessary. In the version described in this article, the optimization process is applied simultaneously to transducer power gain, input match (VSWR), and noise figure of a multistage amplifier. A procedure for directly extracting distributed transmission line elements for matching networks is briefly described. The program FREEL is then applied to the design of 3‐stage 2‐8‐GHz and 1.15‐1.5‐GHz MESFET amplifiers in which three topologies are compared: lumped element, cascaded transmission line, and transmission line and open circuited stubs.
Design concepts of a novel microwave active filter
Authors: Moazzam M. R. , Aghvami A. H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel microwave active bandpass filter structure, using a combination of microstrip line resonators and FETs, is described. The resulting filter not only produces positive gain but also has good performance regarding sharpness of skirts, rejection, and input and output return losses. Capability of constructing wider bandwidth and its superior performance at harmonic band frequencies over an end‐coupled filter structure are among advantages of this design.
Capacitance of microstrip lines on anisotropic substrate using the method of lines and finite elements
Authors: Wu Zhiqiang , Davidovitz Marat 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA finite elements‐based Method of Lines is used to calculate static capacitances for microstrip line structures with layered substrates of arbitrary permittivity tensor. The problem is solved by discretizing the associated static equations in one coordinate variable using finite elements, and obtaining an analytical solution with respect to the remaining variable. Proper boundary and transition conditions are imposed. To validate the solution, comparison is made with results derived from other methods. A significant increase in numerical efficiency afforded by the presented method, relative to the conventional, fully discrete, finite element solution, is demonstrated quantitatively.
Closed‐form expressions for computer‐aided design of microstrip ring antennas
Authors: Bahl I. J. , Stuchly S. S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article presents closed‐form expressions for the resonant frequency and radiation characteristics of microstrip ring antennas to assist in the computer‐aided design of such antennas. Radiation fields are obtained using the vector electric potential calculated from the magnetic currents flowing along the inner and outer edges of the planar waveguide model for the microstrip ring structure. Expressions for radiated power, conductor and dielectric loss factors, resonant resistance, efficiency, and directivity are derived. The smaller the radius of curvature of the ring, the larger is the spacing between the magnetic currents flowing along the inner and outer edges and thus the radiation efficiency is higher. The effect of a dielectric layer covering the ring antenna is also included. Experimental results for the resonant frequency and the radiation patterns agree well with the theoretical predictions. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antennas using the Sommerfeld formulation
Authors: Sarkar Tapan K. , Midya Pallab , Maricevic Zoran A. , Kahrizi Masoud , Rao Sadasiva M. , Djordjevic Antonije R. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTriangular patch modeling is used for analysis of arbitrarily shaped microstrip patch antennas over a single lossy dielectric medium. Since the Sommerfeld formulation is used, both the single dielectric layer (over which the microstrip patch is located) and the ground plane are considered to be infinitely wide. Typical numerical results are presented for rectangular, circular, semicircular, pentagonal, and triangular patch antennas. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.