bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimized Fracture Designs with RPM to Control Water Cut in Ust Vakh Field in Western Siberia
Authors: Guerra R. , Maritchev V. , Gaponov M. , Gorovetz E. , Velazquez J. C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As an effort to increase Russian oil production, major companies are developing areas that were previously relegated to low production and/or high water cut. One such area is the Ust Vakh field located in the middle of Western Siberia – approximately 20 km northeast of Nizhnevartovk and opposite the giant Samotlor oil field. Hydraulic fracturing stimulation is the primary method of enabling commercial production. However, this field is especially affected by high water cuts, which lead to uneconomical production when standard fracturing fluids are used. In order to reduce production of formation water, most jobs are now pumped with 1% of Relative Permeability Modifiers (RPMs) (conformance fracturing). The fracture treatment designs have been modified since their inception in September 2005. As a result of those modifications, the oil production has increased and in some wells, the water cut has been reduced from an average of about 80% to about 40%. These results have secured enough operator confidence to continue production operations in this area, which were nearly abandoned due to the increasing water production problem. As of June 2006, conformance fracturing treatments had been performed in 20 wells (18 production and 2 to be converted into injection). In the past year (June/06 to July/07) another 28 jobs were done, confirming the treatments' success. Case histories are included in the paper.
Job designs varied from crosslinked gel fracturing treatments to linear gel treatments and finally a combination of linear gel with crosslinked polymer gel pumped at low rate and moderate proppant concentration to prevent proppant settling in the near-wellbore formation zone. Core test analysis supports the results obtained.
The combination of field practices for fracture height growth control and proppant placement (including low-viscosity fracture fluid, low injection rates, slow changes in rates, and small pad size) has proven to be the right combination for water control stimulation.
Building the Field Development Plan for a new gas field, located in Algeria, Reggane Trend
Authors: Vilela Martin , Marin Pedro , Rodrigo Maria , Limeres Ana , Medina Angel , Djettou Farid 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
One of the most critical stages after a field discovery is to define the Field Development Plan (FDP) for the new field; usually with limited information, managers must define the marketability of a prospect by taking as input the Hydrocarbon In Place (HIP), Hydrocarbons Rate of Production (HRP), Number of Wells (NW) and Drainage Location (DL), Plateau, Well Completion, Surfaces Facilities (SF) including pipelines and separation/compression systems; all these elements have to be economically evaluated and finally a decision must be taken based on most probable production scenario and economic optimization.
In the last five years the importance of hydrocarbons gas has increased due to the increase in oil prices, the limited number of new big oil fields discoveries, the environmental contamination due to oil combustion and the development of new technologies to use gas as a competitive energy source.
In this paper we implement a methodology to build an FDP for a gas field, Reggane, located in the South-West of Algeria. Reggane concession is a structural trend including Azrafil, Reggane, Sali, Tiouliline and Tif-Taf fields. Some of these fields have been tested in Devonian, Ordovician and Carboniferous formations with mixed results. Here we will focus on Devonian formation, Azrafil and Reggane fields, which has been tested in 5 wells and shown remarkable results.
The methodology uses an Integrated Asset Management (IAM) approach, linking geological with reservoir information to model hydrocarbon flow going from the reservoir to wells, wellbore, through the pipeline network and the compressor system up to the point of delivery based on defined HIP, HRP and plateau; uncertainties associated with these parameters were identified and ranked to be included in the FDP. As a conclusion, the FDP shows that around 30 wells must be drilled during the life cycle with a plateau of about 8.5 MM3/D of production gas for more than 10 years.
Risk Management for Controlled Pressured Drillings in Asia Pacific
Authors: Xu Daniel , Sarasto Utomo , Holt Calvin , Fisher Kevin , Houlbrook Adrian 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
For the purpose of this paper Controlled Pressure Drilling (CPD) here is referred to as underbalanced reservoir drilling, managed pressured drilling or performance drilling. Since the operations differ between underbalanced drilling and traditional overbalanced drilling, risk management plays a key role in ensuring drilling operations are processed safely to protect people, the environment and assets.
Firstly, this paper gives a brief introduction of controlled pressure drilling. Secondly, the paper discusses the key risk management techniques applied in one organisation, such as the risk matrix, SURE, Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Hazard Identification Studies (HAZID), Hazard and Operability Studies (HAZOP), Bow-tie type risk analysis, etc. Thirdly the paper discusses the necessary HSE documentation required to integrate risk management techniques into a CPD project as a road map to a successful project. Lastly, using one project completed in Asia Pacific to elaborate the risk management process and the challenges faced over the years.
HIV/AIDS – A Company Perspective
Authors: Khantong Aran 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
HIV infection is one of the most health concerns worldwide. It has been estimated that about 46 million (2005) was infected with HIV with the yearly increase of 5.5 million new cases. Working age group is mostly affected.
It’s a substantial threat with enormous human impact and social, economic and risks that directly affect the employees as well as the business.
The effective and proper strategy should be planned for the business to cope with this challenge. The measures should extend from prevention to treatment with the preservation of individual’s confidentiality and acceptance of diversity to ensure that the workforce are well protected, educated and would receive the adequate medical care if needed.
This paper will describe the measures and experience in implementing the HIV/AIDS program in Chevron Thailand
Risk Assessment (Hazard Management) Process Is a Continual Process, Not a One-Off
Authors: McDermott S. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Over the last 5 years, experience on seismic, pipeline and major E&P construction projects with international contractors has shown that the application and integration of a ‘life of project’ risk assessment process can lead to a clear reduction in risks and a subsequent reduction in accidents.
It is the experience of the author that too many companies are treating the risk assessment process as a one-off requirement and are relying on standard procedures and experience of its work force to avoid accidents.
Risk assessments are seen as the responsibility of the Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) specialist; there is lack of ownership, lack of accountability, lack of knowledge of its purpose and uses and, more troubling, lack of implementation.
The paper will describe the Risk Assessment processes used on a project, how they fit in the HSE Management System (HSE-MS), the training needs, clear ownership and accountability, linkage between risk assessments and safe working procedures or method statements, the involvement of all workers in the process, involving the risk assessment in other HSE-MS processes and the involvement of vendors and sub-contractors.
The main theme will be to show that risk assessment is the most efficient proactive system to identify hazards and their associated risks and to control them so as to eliminate accidents and ensure ‘we are doing the best we can’
Development of a Post-Graduate Qualification Course in Telemedicine and Telepharmacy for Physicians in Offshore Oil and Gas Industry
Authors: Mika F. , Amenta F. , De Sanctis S. , Nicosia V. , Tayebati K. , Tomassi D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Diagnosis, control and treatment of diseases in offshore oil and gas (O&G) industry represents an important challenge for medicine and occupational health. More and more the operations, particularly in the Up stream sector, are carried out in remote and frontier areas. Working in O&G industry environment may be risky for the occurrence of acute medical events, and local medical structure are often either difficult to reach or their standards are not at the level that guaranty the efficiency requested by the Industry. This is why the training of medical personnel working in remote locations represents a crucial point for the best health protection of workers in these areas. More over, the medical personnel that work in our environment are requested to be all-ologist (Medical Officer, Hygienist, Occupational Health Specialist, General Practitioner, Gynaecologist, Paediatrician, Traumatologist, Infectious and Tropical Diseases Specialist, Medical Emergency Specialist, Medical Educator etc..). Unfortunately, there are no specific university courses in this area that would guaranty the adequate qualification. The same stays for dedicated applications of e-health courses, this last one becoming more and more important for guaranteeing high level of medical assistance in O&G industry.
Saipem, a company of Eni S.p.A., one of the biggest contractors in Oil and Gas industry, has more than 32.000 employees working both off and on shore, within its organisation, as part of the QHSE Department, the company has developed the in-house medical department. Presently this one is formed by 290 medical doctors and nurses, coming form 34 different nationalities, working at 119 operating sites. It is obvious that these health care professionals are coming with, and are working in, different cultural, educational, professional back grounds.
An important opportunity for improving and uniforming health care of people working and living in offshore O&G industry facilities is offered by telemedicine. The interest in applications of communication technologies in medical interventions (e-health and telemedicine) is growing world-wide and the use of these technologies in oil and gas industry may contribute to offer the best level of health care. Practitioners working in the field of O&G, although located in remote areas, via telemedicine can have access to second and third level specialist advice and can have a continuous update of their medical knowledge.
Pipeline Stream Crossings – International Industry Best Practices for Russia/CIS
Authors: Aronson John G. , Raykin Viktor , Skopets Mikhail 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Many new large-scale pipeline projects are being planned and constructed in Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The construction of large linear pipeline projects in the Russian Far East, including such interesting locations as Sakhalin Island, poses many challenges for oil and gas developments throughout the region. This poster explores modern approaches for effective management of pipeline crossings, especially where high quality salmonid fisheries may be involved, and recommends that a watershed approach be taken for more effective management and control. Russian regulations concerning elevation of background total suspended sediment concentrations from construction in and near watercourses are examined, especially with respect to the hydraulics and river mechanics, and natural background concentrations. Some promising modern erosion and sediment control strategies and practices are offered in poster session, along with case history examples. Rapid winter construction practices that result in short downstream sediment transport events are reviewed with respect to their potential impact to short-term and long-term salmon spawning success. Stabilization and revegetation of crossings, approaches, and adjacent disturbed watershed areas is a key element for effective long-term impact mitigation, and can be used to offset the short-term impacts of pipeline construction.
Advanced Well Completions Result in Enhanced Well Productivity and Recovery in Saudi Aramco's Offshore Fields
Authors: Hembling D. , Sunbul A. H. , Salerno G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The offshore sandstone reservoirs in Saudi Arabia are characterized by high production potential due to the nature of the reservoir, consisting of clean coarse sand with an active bottom water aquifer and in some areas, a gas cap as a drive mechanism.
In recent years, horizontal wells have replaced conventional wells in Saudi Aramco due to their improved deliverability and recovery efficiency. The initial completion method selected by Saudi Aramco was open hole for horizontal wells completed in carbonate reservoirs and cased hole cemented with selective perforation strategy for horizontal wells completed in sandstone reservoirs. This completion method was troubled by nonuniform flow profiles resulting in less than optimal well performance.
The main driver for advanced well completions (AWC) has been the increased demand for better performance from horizontal and MRC wells. In addition to Saudi Aramco strategy to minimize water and associated gas production, key performance indices (KPIs) such as: BBL oil per day (BOPD)/rig day, $/BOPD, and net to gross ratio are used to obtain an ultimate goal of reducing the unit development cost ($/BBL) and sustaining well deliverability. Selection criteria for AWC is linked to an integrated team approach where completion forums for new increments are used to review development requirements, KPIs and determine if AWC's can enhance well performance and reduce development costs.
This paper will describe an innovative AWC strategy that has increased well productivity and recovery compared to previous horizontal well completion methods. The paper will show the evolution of AWC's in Saudi Aramco starting with the use of passive Inflow Control Devices (ICD) allowing production optimization by delivering uniform inflow along the entire horizontal section and active intelligent completion technology for lateral inflow control in MRC wells. The paper continues to discuss the benefits associated with the integration of AWC technologies such as mechanical and swell packers for zonal isolation, off-bottom cementing for sidetracks, combining active and passive inflow control in the same well, and the future use of adaptive ICD's for water and gas shut-off and advanced downhole monitoring systems with distributive temperature to allow real time production logging capabilities. Actual field data will be presented to validate findings and support conclusions.
Managing Contractor HSE in Shell E&P Asia Pacific
Authors: Suntai Numpang , Bala Krishna 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Starting in 2005, Shell worldwide E&P operations decided to adopt a common global standard in managing contractor HSE. The standard draws on the ‘Stoplight’ process which has been important in improving contractor HSE performance in Shell US E&P operations. It has also been successfully implemented in Shell Expro, UK and Shell Canada and in a pilot trial in Shell Malaysia. The paper will provide an overview of the key elements of the Contractor HSE Management and provide insights into implementation challenges based on Shell E&P Asia Pacific with specifics on Shell E&P Malaysia's experiences.
Changing the Role of the Modern Security Function—Helping Organizations Take Risks, Not Eliminate Risks
Authors: Chaiyarugs Narong 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The role of security in Thailand has traditionally been one of a "Guard". Its responsibility has targeted prevention of company loss, and thus has not truly played any significant role in company management. Not only has security played a small and unimportant role in company operations, but it also has often been implemented by departments that comprised few, if any, security professionals, e.g., HR and Facility Service Departments. As the result, security has frequently overlooked and haphazardly implemented, even though it is critical to ensure safe and responsible company operations.
After the 9/11 event in USA, and a number of significant security incidents happened worldwide, such as in London, Spain, Indonesia, India, it is clear that security threats have been become an international concern. They could happen anywhere and anytime. In today’s world security has become increasingly important to organizations or companies in running their businesses amid an environment of multiple threats, especially, terrorist activities, which exist everywhere. Companies must learn how to survive and live with them; otherwise, business can simply not proceed. Terrorism and other types of threats can not be eliminated or ignored, particularly in the high risk countries to which companies need to expand their business, i.e. countries in the Middle East.
1 Aligning security with the business, therefore, does not merely make companies safer-it is one of the most important sources of competitive advantage in the twenty-first century.
Charlie Edwards, Rachel Briggs "The business of Resilience, Corporate security for the 21st century" 2006
The modern security function must play an important part of company operations. Security strategic planning and management must be integrated into a company’s business plan in order to assist in achieving their goals and maintaining their competitive advantage. Included should be: clear and practicable policy, security risk assessment, mitigation measures, security awareness promotion, traveling guidelines, and information networking. Notably important as well is getting cooperation from everyone in the organization wide up/down and across, especially at senior management levels because it will then cascade down to line management, the skeleton of any organization
Development of Site Entry Protocol for HNS Spill Response
Authors: Koh C. , Tan F. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Anticipating the entry into force of the OPRC-HNS Protocol (Protocol on Preparedness, Response and Co-operation to pollution incidents by Hazardous Noxious Substances) in June 2007, Oil Spill Response & East Asia Response Limited (OSRL/EARL) initiated a HNS study (focusing mainly on petrochemical floaters), exploring the issues involved in providing an effective HNS spill response. This paper aims to discuss the development of a novel site entry protocol for responders.
Health and safety of personnel is always of the utmost priority during a spill response. Due to the vast range of chemicals and their associated behaviours, numerous considerations have to be taken into account, especially when more than one substance is involved: Some chemicals can react with each other or with sea water, creating a more hazardous environment (fire, explosion, toxic fumes, etc) and the behaviour of the numerous products transported by sea can greatly differ when they are spilled into the marine environment. It is therefore essential to make an appropriate assessment, having integrated safety protocols and well trained response teams before proceeding to the site of the incident.
In addressing the safety aspect of a HNS response, OSRL/EARL has developed a site entry protocol based on the "Controlling Compound" methodology. The approach of this protocol is to set all gas monitoring devices based on the most hazardous compound when there is a mixture of chemicals spilled. The rationale for this is that the identity of the vapours in the air following a "cocktail" spill is often unknown. Even if they are known, the composition ratio of the gas mixture is definitely not constant in an open environment. As a result, the conventional method of setting alarms in a Photo-Ionisation Detector (PID) is not applicable. This method is not widely practiced and this paper proposes to explain the approach, advantages and limitations of this protocol for responding to HNS spills.
Produced Water Management Alternatives for Offshore Environmental Stewardship
Authors: Sahni Akshay , Kovacevich Steven T. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
As the hydrocarbon production in the Gulf of Thailand has matured, managing associated produced water has become a focus of attention. Produced water management in an offshore environment requires innovation, both from surface facilities and from subsurface. Produced water can be disposed in oil sands (water floods), aquifer or wet sands and in depleted hydrocarbon sands. This paper provides insights into the subsurface alternatives of produced water management using examples from Chevron Thailand’s greater B8/32 operating area.
Contractor Forum: Improve Client/Contractor Relationship for Better Safety Performance
Authors: Pholphairojn S. , Charusalaipong P. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Despite good intentions and goodwill from both sides, the contractor and client relationship often acts as a obstruction to targeted improvement in safety performance. Removing this obstruction will result in an excellent opportunity to achieve a safety goal and increase work performance. Both client and contractor have their own safety standards. How then, do we enhance this client-contractor relationship to create a common understanding among the different companies in an operation in order to meet the set safety requirement?
A Contractor Forum is held annually to discuss each contractor’s initiation plan and KPI, whilst the client or company discloses to contractors its safety objective and requests contractor for cooperation in order to fulfil this obligation.
A new approach to reduce the client-contractor stumbling block is to look for and analyse the real problems and jointly formulate a solution to improve the overall safety performance. A survey questionnaire of what the obstacles are and how the client can assist to overcome these obstacles was given out. The workshop was conducted based on the findings. The positive feedback from these questionnaires has been valuable and practical in enhancing the client-contractor relationship, creating mutual ‘ownership’ and responsibility of safety goals, which ultimately lead to a significant improvement in safety performance.
Reservoir Fluid Characterization using Downhole Fluid Analysis In Northern Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Halim Andry , Orban Nicolas , Haryanto Elin , Ayan Cosan 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Fluid identification is an important objective to resolve key uncertainties of a complex reservoir prior to perforation in the developed fields of Eastern Kalimantan. This paper explains how using a formation tester equipped with two downhole fluid analyzer modules helped understand reservoir fluid characteristics, identify production zones and optimize perforation zone selection.
Relying only on open hole log data and performing correlations among nearby wells may be inconclusive since the channel sands under study have limited lateral extent and hard to correlate. Several layers are potential pay zones and may contain oil or gas. However, water zones and secondary gas cap formation in a few layers are also common. Nonetheless, unexpected fluid production, such as water or excessive gas is an undesirable outcome.
A formation tester equipped with an extra large diameter probe and two downhole fluid analyzer modules was used to identify reservoir fluids in newly drilled wells. Two fluid analyzers were placed above and below the downhole pump module. The fluid analyzers monitored downhole oil based mud filtrate contamination, free gas presence, water or oil flow at selected depths. The surveys identified the downhole fluids and clarified oil, gas and water bearing zones. Some zones were identified to have gas and possible oil presence. Few stations, which were clearly identified as oil were perforated and produced oil/dry oil with natural flow. The survey helped optimize perforation zone selection, avoided unwanted fluid production and helped the operator to find and produce oil in a complex setup.