bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IRON STORAGE AND TRANSPORT IN IRON‐DEPLETED RATS, WITH NOTES ON COMBINED IRON AND COPPER DEFICIENCY
Authors: Morgan EH 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAdult albino rats of both sexes were subjected to repeated bleeding from the tail over a period of eight weeks while being fed a standard diet or a low iron milk diet. This produced anaemia, reduction of plasma iron concentration, elevation of plasma total iron binding capacity and reduction of storage (non‐haem) iron present in liver and spleen. The sex difference for plasma iron and storage iron values was maintained in the presence of severe iron deficiency. Complete removal of all storage iron from liver and spleen was not achieved but no definite lower limit for storage iron concentrations in these organs could be demonstrated. The reduction in storage iron values was accompanied by little change in the relative distribution of the iron between ferritin and haemosiderin.
THE MECHANISM OF ABSORPTION OF SUBCUTANEOUS EXTRAVASATIONS OF BLOOD
Authors: Walsh RJ , Cantrill Shirley 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe rate and mechanism of absorption of blood from subcutaneous extravasations has been investigated in rats. Absorption of intact red cells from the peritoneal cavity is rapid, but in the subcutaneous tissues red cells are mainly broken down in situ with absorption of catabolised products. A difference in the coagulation and lytic mechanisms in the peritoneal and subcutaneous tissues seems to account for the different absorption mechanisms. Simultaneous injections of anticoagulants, hyaluronidase, and streptoldnase did not increase the absorption of red cells. A large percentage of the Fe59 or Cr51 from broken‐down red cells passed to the liver.
LOCALIZATION OF 18 S GAMMA‐MACROGLOBULIN IN PLASMACYTOID CELLS OF THE BONE MARROW OF A CASE OF MACROGLOBULINAEMIA
Authors: Curtain CC 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARY18 S macroglobulin was localised by specific fluorescent antibody in plasmablast cells of the bone marrow of a patient suffering from cryogel‐macroglobulinaemia. Specific fluorescence was not observed in mature plasmacytes, or in the plasmacytes of the patient's lymph‐nodes. The cells showed both cytoplasmic and nuclear fluorescence in contrast to those of a previous case of macroglobulinaemia reported by the author in which only cytoplasmic fluorescence was found in mature and immature bone marrow plasma cells. Other workers have found only nuclear fluorescence in lympho‐cytoid cells from a case of macroglobulinaemia. It is suggested that these differences are a reflection of the cytochemical diversity underlying the well‐known clinical diversity of macroglobulinaemia.
SOMAESTHETIC PATHWAYS IN THE MARSUPIAL PHALANGER, TRICHOSURUS VULPECULA
Authors: Dennis Barbara J , Kerr DIB 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYSpinal afferent pathways corresponding to the classical somaesthetic projections, medial lemniscus and anterolateral column system, have been described for the marsupial phalanger, Trichosurus vulpecula, using potentials evoked by limb stimulation.Potentials were also evoked within the central tegmental fasciculus and central grey which are considered to be phylogenetically older somaesthetic systems. These projections are relatively conspicuous in comparison with the classical paths, particularly the medial lemniscus. It is considered that the marsupial somaesthetic systems, with a dominance of medical indirect somaesthetic sensory paths, represent a step between the reptilian condition, where such paths predominate, and the full development of more direct spinothalamic projections in the higher mammals.
FOLIC ACID DEFICIENCY AND URINARY FORMIMINOGLUTAMIC ACID EXCRETION IN THE RAT
Authors: Davis RE 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYRats fed on a folic acid‐deficient diet regularly excrete formiminoglutamic acid in the urine. The vitamin B12 and folic acid status of such rats was estimated by assay of liver tissue for these vitamins. Formiminoglutamic acid excretion occurs in the presence of normal liver vitamin B12 concentrations. There appears to be a critical level of liver folic acid below which there is excretion of formiminoglutamic acid.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BLOOD COAGULATION IN VERTEBRATES
Authors: Fantl P 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe addition of kaolin suspension and phospholipid shortens the clotting time of plasma of toad, trout, echidna, tortoise, possum, dog, guinea pig, rat, man and lizard. Kaolin has little influence on the plasma clotting time of the domestic fowl, teal and tiger snake. The duration of incubation of plasma with kaolin suspension and phospholipid to produce shortest clotting time varies from less than one minute in the plasma of the first four vertebrates to several minutes in the plasma of lizards and man. The kaolin‐activated clotting factors are very unstable in plasma of toad, trout, tortoise and echidna and stable for several minutes in the plasma of the other vertebrates. The addition of bird or snake plasma does not correct the coagulation defect of human plasma congenitally deficient in Hageman factor. Toad plasma has a low activity in this respect. Thromboplastin formation takes place in all the examined plasma but is low, in decreasing order, in the plasma of lizard, tortoise and tiger snake.In the conversion of prothrombin homologous lung suspensions are usually more active than heterologous ones. Clotting times obtained in the presence of Russell's viper venom or trypsin indicate a low prothrombin activity in the plasma of the tiger snake.In the plasma of the tiger snake the rate of reaction of thrombin with fibrinogen and the fibrinogen concentration are adequate for haemostasis.
THE EXCRETION OF β‐AMINOISOBUTYRIC ACID FOLLOWING THYMINE AND DIHYDROTHYMINE ADMINISTRATION TO MAN
Authors: Hillcoat BL 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYA study of the excretion of β‐aminoisobutyric acid (BAIB) after oral administration of thymine and of dihydrothymine (DHT) to a series of human subjects including normal, splenectomised and leukemic individuals, suggests that the spleen may influence this excretion. The leukemic patients studied differ from normal in their lower excretion of BAIB after DHT ingestion.
CHANGES IN CARDIAC CONTRACTILITY EVOKED UNDER ISOTONIC AND ISOMETRIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Nayler Winifred G 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYIsolated ventricles or ventricular strips from winter toads (Bufo marinus) were used to study changes in contractile behaviour of cardiac muscle under isometric and isotonic conditions. Variations in the stimulation rate and in the Na+ and Ca++ concentrations of the perfusate were used to induce changes in contractility.The changes recorded isotonically differed from those recorded isometrically. The optimum stimulation frequency was different in the two preparations but the rate at which the various responses were produced depended to some extent upon the stimulation rate used. The results are discussed in relation to the hypothesis that stimulation and stretch influence calcium exchangeability.
THE LIFE CYCLE OF DERMATOPHILUS DERMATONOMUS, THE CAUSAL AGENT OF OVINE MYCOTIC DERMATITIS
Authors: Roberts DS 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAn account is given of the life cycle of Dermatophilus dermatonomus as observed in cultures and in lesions of mycotic dermatitis. Factors which were shown to govern the stages of development in cultures, appear to have a similar influence within the lesion.It is suggested that the sheep's skin may be the only natural habitat for D dermatonomus and that survival of the species may therefore depend on the repeated transmission of infection.
SWEAT GLANDS IN THE SKIN OF THE QUOKKA OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Green Lorna MA 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYIt has been found that Setonyx possesses apocrine sweat glands in the hairy skin and eccrine glands in the non‐hairy parts (paws). It is suggested that maintenance of body temperature is effected through these glands in addition to the usual mechanisms employed by other homoiothermic animals. Licking of the fur does not appear to be a cooling mechanism of any importance.
AN AFFERENT SYSTEM IN THE CENTRAL TEGMENTAL FASCICULUS
Authors: Dennis Barbara J , Kerr DIB 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe brainstem course of the limb afferent component of the central tegmental fasciculus has been determined in both the cat and the phalanger, Trichosurus vulpecula, using evoked potentials. Unit records obtained from the reticular formation indicate that the ascending central tegmental fasciculus arises in large part from the level of the superior olives. The termination of the system is found mainly in n. parafascicularis of the posterior thalamus.Attention is drawn to the correspondence between the ascending central tegmental fasciculus and the reticular activating system (arousal system) of the medial brainstem.
QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF THE SIMONSEN PHENOMENON
Authors: Lind Patricia E , Szenberg A 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYImmunization of adult fowls with embryonic tissue does not increase the ability of their blood large lymphocytes to produce lesions on the chorio‐allantoic membrane. The results of Coombs' tests and of haemagglutination tests indicate that inoculation of spleens from 16–18 day embryos provides an antigenic stimulus in the adult fowl, but that 12‐day embryonic spleens evoke no detectable immune response. The bearing of these findings on the application of the clonal selection theory of acquired immunity to the Simonsen phenomenon is discussed.
A METHOD FOR THE MEASUREMENT OF TOTAL NITROGEN IN MICROGRAM AMOUNTS
Authors: Parker CA 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYA method is described for the measurement of total nitrogen in the range 0·5–25 μg. It can be employed routinely, and is readily adaptable to different requirements. The method involves a modified Kjeldahl digestion, and the ammonia is distilled in Conway's microdiffusion vessels. It is accurate and simple in operation.
STUDIES OF A VIRUS ISOLATED FROM A WILD HOUSE MOUSE, MUS MUSCULUS, AND PRODUCING SPLENOMEGALY AND LYMPH NODE ENLARGEMENT IN MICE
Authors: Pope JH 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYA virus (WM1 strain) was isolated from a wild house mouse, Mus musculus. It was infective for suckling and weaned mice inoculated intraperitoneally, but not for laboratory Rattus norvegicus, guinea‐pigs, rabbits or chick embryos.A prolonged chronic infection resulted, with normal blood picture, persistent viraemia, moderate splenomegaly and general enlargement of lymph nodes, which were sometimes massive. Most infected mice died within 11½ months.Microscopically, the splenomegaly was seen to be due to hyperplasia of both red and white pulp, while enlargement of lymph nodes was essentially due to medullary hyperplasia, with plasma cells prominent. Four of 79 infected weaned mice examined at random within 11½ months had developed neoplasms of the lymph nodes, while none was seen in any of the 87 control mice examined in the same period. However, two of 17 control mice had neoplasms of lymph nodes at 18 months.The virus passed through Gradocol membranes with average pore diameter of 320 mμ. lt was sensitive to ether, formalin, and heating at 56° C. for 30 minutes, but remained viable at −60° C. and after lyophilization, and was resistant to 5 p.c. ethanol at 4° C. for 24 hours.
FURTHER EVIDENCE AGAINST THE GRAFT‐VERSUS‐HOST HYPOTHESIS IN RENAL TRANSPLANTATION,
Authors: Fowler R , West CD 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe infiltrating cellular reaction in rejected renal homotransplants has been the subject of scrutiny in this paper. One widely held view has been that these cells are of graft rather than of host origin. Additional evidence favouring the opposite view that the cells are of host origin is here brought forward to supplement the evidence put forward by the present authors in a previous paper.In this study the infiltrating cellular response was examined in two experimental situations – following pre‐treatment of the host with massive doses of nitrogen mustard and following labelling of the host with tritiated thymidine.The cellular infiltration was found to be inhibited by supra‐lethal doses but not by a lethal dose of nitrogen mustard.Following labelling of the host with tritiated thymidine a variable percentage of the infiltrating cells in the rejected kidney showed evidence of labelling. This percentage was low in first‐set transplants but very high in a second‐set transplant, as might be predicted from theoretical considerations. This finding has implications for theoretical immunology beyond the scope of the present enquiry.
METHODS IN IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF VIRUSES
Authors: de St. Groth S Fazekas , Webster RG 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYAn apparatus for the separation of free antibody from the virus‐antibody complex is designed and tested.It is demonstrated on the influenza virus‐antibody system that the technique is not biassed by systematic errors and is equally suited to kinetic and thermodynamic measurements.The sensitivity and reproducibility of equilibrium filtrations are evaluated statistically.
METHODS IN IMMUNOCHEMISTRY OF VIRUSES
Authors: de St. Groth S Fazekas 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYPrinciples governing the choice of variables and of the most informative range of concentrations for equilibrium measurements are discussed. The procedure found most suitable for work on viruses and their antibodies is equilibrium filtration of mixtures containing constant doses of antibody and variable amounts of virus. Measurements will be reliable and free from complications if the antigenic sites are far from saturation and at least nine‐tenths of antibody are bound.Two linear transforms of the law of mass action are derived; with the aid of either of these the equilibrium constant of the virus‐antibody union and the number of antigenic sites per virus particle can be estimated simultaneously.Statistical procedures appropriate to equilibrium measurements are given, together with rapid tests for checking the validity of all assumptions underlying the mathematical model.The evaluation of parameters is demonstrated, in detail, on an example of influenza virus and an anti‐influenzal rabbit serum.Numerical tables needed for the expeditious solution of equilibrium equations are given in an Appendix.
EFFECTS OF MORPHINE SULPHATE ON CAPILLARY FILTRATION AND THORACIC DUCT LYMPH FORMATION IN THE RAT
Authors: Woolley G 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYRats with chronic experimental fistulae of the thoracic duct were maintained post‐operatively on regimes of saline infusion given either intravenously or intragastrically. A narcotizing dose of morphine sulphate reduced lymph flow during intravenous infusion but not during intragastric infusion. This could be interpreted as due to reduction of capillary filtration rather than reduction of fluid absorption from the gut or diminished lymph propulsion. Morphia initiated a moderate hypotension of at least seven hours' duration. This hypotension was sustained well beyond the time during which lymph flow was reduced. Portal pressure and flow appeared to be unaffected by morphia. The reduced filtration following morphia has been tentatively attributed to a reduction in filtering area of the abdominal capillary bed rather than to lowered capillary filtering pressure.
THE PRODUCTION OF GREEN PIGMENTS FROM THE BLOOD PIGMENT
Authors: Holden HF , Lynikas K 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe oxidative production of green pigments from horse oxyhaemoglobin with ascorbic acid is accelerated by fluorides, ammonium chloride and by various organic nitrogenous substances such as amines, diacetyl monoxime and anthranilic acid. When cyanide and sodium dithionite replace ascorbic acid, fluorides inhibit but ammonium chloride and some nitrogenous substances accelerate green pigment formation. Diacetyl monoxime and N‐phenylanthranilic acid together increase the yield of bile pigment when oxyhaemoglobin is treated with ascorbic acid.
THE CLOTTING OF THE BLOOD OF AN AMPHIBIAN, BUFO MARINUS LINN
Authors: Hackett Earle , LePage Rex 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYInvestigation of the intrinsic thromboplastic activity of the blood of the toad Bufo marinus Linn. shows that this arises largely from the blood leucocytes. More prothrombin appears to be consumed in leucocyte‐rich than in leucocyte‐free mixtures. A spreading change which occurs in the toad thrombocyte (a spindle‐shaped leucocyte) on contact with certain surfaces is morphologically analogous to the “viscous metamorphosis” which occurs in the human platelet. However, the change in the thrombocyte is not inhibited by decalcifying anticoagulants or heparin and takes place on plain glass, siliconed glass and perspex; somewhat less rapidly on cellulose acetate; and not at all on paraffin wax or polyethylene.The thromoplastic activity of plasma‐free leucocytes appears after contact with glass, siliconed glass, or perspex, but not after contact with paraffin wax, and so the development of the leucocyte thromboplastic activity after surface contact runs parallel to the morphological change observed in the thrombocytes.A non‐cellular plasma co‐thromboplastic factor activated by contact with glass (but not siliconed glass) is also found. It does not depend on calcium ions for its activation or for its activity. It reacts with the thromboplastin released by glass‐treated or siliconed‐glass‐treated leucocytes to convert it to a still more active thromboplastin, this conversion itself being accelerated by the presence of a glass (but not by a siliconed glass) surface.An alumina‐adsorbable serum accelerator appears after clotting and a serum anticoagulant is also found.The plasma co‐thromboplastic contact factor has properties comparable to those of human Hageman factor, and the serum accelerator to those of human Christmas factor.The findings are discusseed in relation to a possible stage in the evolution of the human blood coagulation system.A scheme for the coagulation mechanism of the blood of Bufo marinus is presented (Fig. 1).
SOME QUANTITATIVE STUDIES ON TISSUES OF LAMBS DWARFED BY HIGH TEMPERATURES DURING GESTATION
Authors: Ryle Margaret , Morris LR 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYQuantitative studies were made on the anterior pituitary, thyroid, adrenal and bladder epithelium of normal new‐born lambs and lambs from ewes exposed to high environmental temperatures during the last two‐thirds of pregnancy.The mean relative weights of the anterior pituitaries and of the adrenals of the dwarfed hot‐room lambs were significantly greater than those of the controls.Where the experimental treatment caused dwarfing, the pituitary cell size was less than in the controls and intensely chromophilic nuclei were more frequent. However, the total number of anterior pituitary cells did not appear to be affected. The area and height of the nuclei (and cells) and the number of cell layers in the bladder epithelium were also reduced in the dwarf lambs.Regardless of body weight, the hot‐room lambs tended to have smaller adrenal cortices, and the mean area of the nuclei in the zona fasciculata was less than that of the controls. The quantity of adrenal medulla, however, appeared to be unaffected by the treatment, even where dwarfing occurred.No significant differences were detected between the thyroids of the hot‐room animals and those of the controls.The results are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms through which high environmental temperatures might affect the tissues studied.
PIGMENTS PRODUCED BY MYCOBACTERIA ON EXPOSURE TO ISONIAZID
Authors: Youatt Jean 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYMycobacterium tuberculosis (B.C.G.) produces pigments when exposed to isoniazid under aerobic conditions. The experimental conditions for production and separation of some of these compounds arc described. Ultra‐violet absorption spectra are shown. One compound was examined in more detail and some of its chemical characteristics are described.
MEMBRANE IONIC PERMEABILITIES DURING THE CARDIAC ACTION POTENTIAL
Authors: Johnson EA , Wilson Lesley 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe magnitude of the resting polarisation resistance and the magnitude and time course of the changes in the polarisation resistance have been measured during the action potential in ventricular muscle from the cat, dog, sheep, rat and guinea pig. The theoretical time course of the changes in membrane conductivity and in membrane permeability have been computed.
A PSEUDO‐COOMBS POSITIVE REACTION IN NORMAL CHICKENS
Authors: Warner NL 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYNormal untreated chickens, between one week and about four months of age, have a coating of globulins on their red cells detectable by the antiglobulin reaction.Indirect Coombs tests have shown that the serum of fowls older than two weeks contains the factor responsible for this coating.The specificity of the reaction has been discussed, and evidence presented that only a small fraction of serum globulins are responsible.
THE TRANSFERENCE OF MACROMOLECULES FROM PLASMA TO LYMPH IN THE LIVER
Authors: Courtice FC , Woolley G , Garlick DG 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYHepatic lymph was collected in hypercholesterolaemic rabbits and the lymph : plasma ratios of albumin and of the three classes of lipoproteins separated by ultracentrifugation at densities of 1·019, 1·063 and 1·200 were determined.These ratios were: 91·6 for albumin; 69·2 for lipoprotein of density 1·063–1·200; 43·4 for 43·4 forlipoprotein of density 1·019–1·063 and 32·8 for those lipoproteins of density less than 1·019, giving a gradient which appeared to be related to the size of the macromolecule over a wide range from 35 to 700 Å.These results were broadly similar to those obtained in another system of highly permeable capillaries in the injured paw. The significance of these findings in regard to the fine structure of the hepatic sinusoids has been discussed.
THE ORIGIN OF ALBUMIN IN HEPATIC LYMPH
Authors: Woolley G , Courtice FC 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe albumin of liver lymph may derive entirely from the plasma or newly metabolized protein may be added directly to lymph by the liver cells. Following the injection of T‐1824 and 131I‐albumin the disappearance of label from plasma and its appearance in liver lymph was studied. When specific activity curves were compared with similar curves for liver following injection of 131I‐γ‐globulin, and for leg following 131I‐albumin it was apparent that only minor amounts, if any, of new protein could be reaching the liver lymph directly from the synthesizing cells.
PHARMACOLOGY OF THE HEART OF TILIQUA [TRACHYSAURUS] RUGOSA
Authors: De La Lande IS , Tyler MJ , Pridmore BR 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYThe isolated auricle of the lizard Tiliqua rugosa responds by positive inotropic and chronotropic effects to a number of drugs including catechol amines, tyramine, dichlorisoproterenol, histamine, serotonin, bretylium, ganglion blocking agents, atropine, and, in the presence of atropine, to ganglion stimulants and vagus nerve stimulation. Evidence is presented that the sympathomimetic effects of vagus stimulation are due to the presence of sympathetic nerves and that the mechanisms of parasympathetic and sympathetic transmission are similar to those of the mammal. The actions of tyramine, diphenylmethylpiperazinium iodide, cocaine and bretylium are described.