bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Innovative translational platforms for rapid developing clinical vaccines against COVID‐19 and other infectious disease
Authors: Wang Ning , Wang Ting 
Published: February 2024

AbstractA vaccine is a biological preparation that contains the antigen capable of stimulating the immune system to form the defense against pathogens. Vaccine development often confronts big challenges, including time/energy‐consuming, low efficacy, lag to pathogen emergence and mutation, and even safety concern. However, these seem now mostly conquerable through constructing the advanced translational platforms that can make innovative vaccines, sometimes, potentiated with a distinct multifunctional VADS (vaccine adjuvant delivery system), as evidenced by the development of various vaccines against the covid‐19 pandemic at warp speed. Particularly, several covid‐19 vaccines, such as the viral‐vectored vaccines, mRNA vaccines and DNA vaccines, regarded as the innovative ones that are rapidly made via the high technology‐based translational platforms. These products have manifested powerful efficacy while showing no unacceptable safety profile in clinics, allowing them to be approved for massive vaccination at also warp speed. Now, the proprietary translational platforms integrated with the state‐of‐the‐art biotechnologies, and even the artificial intelligence (AI), represent an efficient mode for rapid making innovative clinical vaccines against infections, thus increasingly attracting interests of vaccine research and development. Herein, the advanced translational platforms for making innovative vaccines, together with their design principles and immunostimulatory efficacies, are comprehensively elaborated.
Recent advances in mRNA‐based vaccine for cancer therapy; bench to bedside
Authors: Kenoosh Hadeel Ahmed , Pallathadka Harikumar , Hjazi Ahmed , Al‐Dhalimy Aiman Mohammed Baqir , Zearah Sajad Ali , Ghildiyal Pallavi , Al‐Mashhadani Zuhair I. , Mustafa Yasser Fakri , Hizam Manar Mohammed , Elawady Ahmed 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have progressed from a theoretical concept to a clinical reality over the last few decades. Compared to conventional vaccination methods, these vaccines have a number of benefits, such as substantial potency, rapid growth, inexpensive production, and safe administration. Nevertheless, their usefulness was restricted up to now due to worries about the erratic and ineffective circulation of mRNA in vivo. Thankfully, these worries have largely been allayed by recent technological developments, which have led to the creation of multiple mRNA vaccination platforms for cancer and viral infections. The mRNA vaccines have been demonstrated as a powerful alternative to traditional conventional vaccines because of their high potency, safety and efficacy, capacity for rapid clinical development, and potential for rapid, low‐cost manufacturing. The paper will examine the present status of mRNA vaccine technology and suggest future paths for the advancement and application of this exciting vaccine platform as a common therapeutic choice.
Achieving 78.2 % Faraday Efficiency for Electrochemical Ammonia Production Via Covalent Modification of CNTs with B4C
Authors: Li Tian , Li Huajing , Wang Jialu , Zhang Meng , Zhang Yijun , Li Ting , Shen Lihua , Bi Jiantao , Li Yuangang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractElectrochemical reduction of N2 to NH3 provides an alternative to the Haber‐Bosch process for sustainable NH3 production driven by renewable electricity. Here, we reported carbon nanotubes (CNTs) covalently modified with boron carbide (B4C) as a nonmetallic catalyst for efficient electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) under ambient conditions. The structure of the catalyst was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), elemental mapping, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The catalyst held a superior selectivity for NRR with high Faraday efficiency of 78.2 % accompanying with NH3 yield rate of 14.0 μg mg−1cat. h−1 under the condition of 0.1 M Na2SO4 and −0.6 V vs. RHE. Electrochemical experiments including cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and Tafel polarization curves were performed to explain the best electrochemical properties of B4C/CNTs among the samples. This work demonstrates that the strategy of covalent modification plays an important role to improve the selectivity of electrochemical NRR catalyst, thus allowing the reactions to proceed more efficiently.
Spin‐Flip via Subtle Electronic Perturbation in Axially Ligated Diiron(III) Porphyrin Dimer
Authors: Chakraborty Paulami , Ghosh Niva , Awasthi Nidhi , Rath Sankar Prasad 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpin state switching in the metal center is a crucial phenomenon in many enzymatic reactions in biology. The spin state alteration, a critical step in cytochrome P450 catalysis, is driven most likely through a weak perturbation upon substrate binding in the enzyme, which is still not well clarified. In the current work, the spin state transition of iron(III) from high to intermediate via an admixed state is observed upon a subtle electronic perturbation to the sulphonate moieties coordinated axially to a diiron(III)porphyrin dimer. While electron‐donating substituents stabilize the high‐spin state of iron(III), strongly electron‐withdrawing groups stabilize an intermediate‐spin state, whereas the moderate electron‐withdrawing nature of axial ligands resulted in an admixed state. Confirmation of the molecular structures and their spin states have been made utilizing single‐crystal X‐ray structure analysis, Mössbauer, magnetic, EPR, and 1H NMR spectroscopic investigations. The position of the signals of the porphyrin macrocycle in the paramagnetic 1H NMR is found to be very characteristic of the spin state of the iron center in solution. The Curie plot for the pure high‐spin complexes shows the signals′ temperature dependency in line with the Curie law. Conversely, the pure intermediate‐spin state of iron exhibits an anti‐Curie temperature dependence, whereas the admixed‐spin state of iron displays significant curvature of the lines in the Curie plot. An extensive DFT analysis displays a linear dependence between the energy difference between d
and d
orbital versus Fe−Npor distance for the complexes reported here. Furthermore, a strong linear correlation between the Fe−O distance and the spin density over the oxygen atom, as well as the Fe−Npor distance for the complexes, has been observed. Thus, a slight electronic perturbation at the axial ligand of the diheme resulted in a large change in the electronic structures with a spin‐flip. This is at par with the metalloenzymes, which employ minute perturbations around the periphery of the active sites, leading to spin state transitions.
Optimization of received signal strength in visible light communication using the combination of heuristic algorithms
Authors: Pandarinathan Suganya , Jeyachitra R. K. 
Published: February 2024

SummaryLEDs are a prominent technique for a pervasive communication system using visible light communication (VLC), since LED includes long life expectancy, fast switching, and being visible light and is less expensive, which is safe for the human body, though still many technical problems presented to be addressed, especially in an indoor environment. Due to this, the major aim of this task is to afford a hybridized optimization algorithm that is highly suitable for enabling the signal to noise ratio (SNR) and received signal strength (RSS) maximization in VLC. Here, the coordinate of each point of the receiver photo detector in the VLC system is tuned by the new hybridized algorithm. The fusion of two optimization algorithms like Deer Hunting Optimization Algorithm (DHOA) and Dragonfly Algorithm (DA) termed as Fitness‐oriented Dragonfly‐based DHOA (FD‐DHOA) is used to attain the objective concerning the RSS or received power and SNR. The proposed model tries to attain maximum RSS and SNR at the receiver instead of calculating it at every angle. Moreover, the experimental analysis proves that the developed model validates the orientation that generates an optimum RSS and SNR value at the receiver.
Mexidol, Cytoflavin, and succinic acid derivatives as antihypoxic, anti‐ischemic metabolic modulators, and ergogenic aids in athletes and consideration of their potential as performance enhancing drugs
Authors: Jędrejko Karol , Catlin Oliver , Stewart Timothy , Muszyńska Bożena 
Published: February 2024

AbstractEmoxypine (ethylmethylhydroxypyridine) is a synthetic derivative of vitamin B6. Emoxypine succinate is a registered drug in Russia and Ukraine under various trade names including Mexidol, Mexicor, and Armadin Long. Mexidol demonstrates antihypoxic and anti‐ischemic effects and also modulates metabolism. The use of Mexidol by Russian athletes has been confirmed in the past. Current use by athletes is unknown as this drug is not monitored or included in drug testing protocol. Metabotropic and antihypoxic effects of Mexidol were compared to the effects of meldonium or trimetazidine, both of which are included on the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA) Prohibited List in category S4.4. Metabolic Modulators. The conjugation of emoxypine with succinate elevates the therapeutic effectiveness of the Mexidol formulation as succinic acid itself has important impacts to consider despite being a common food additive and drug excipient. Other succinic acid salts like ammonium succinate, found as dietary supplement, have been patented as performance enhancers. Available research on healthy subjects suggests that combinations of selected 3‐substituted pyridine derivatives with succinate including Mexidol and a related drug Cytoflavin can enhance the performance of athletes. Cytoflavin is a multi‐component formula containing meglumine sodium succinate, nicotinamide (vitamin B3), inosine (riboxin), and riboflavin. Other related succinate‐based drugs include Remaxol, Reamberin, and Cogitum. Mexidol and Cytoflavin and related substances exhibit similar biological effects as drugs on the WADA Prohibited List, and if they are used for performance enhancement by athletes, they could be worthy of consideration as prohibited substances in sport.
A meso‐damage‐based constitutive model for yellow sandstone under dry–wet cycles
Authors: Qin Zhe , Zhang Runchang , Mao Weizheng , Han Jihuan , Li Zhiwen , Zhang Sunhao 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe mechanical properties of rocks weaken under dry–wet cycles. This weakening may significantly modify the safety reserve of underground caverns or reservoir bank slopes. However, meso‐damage has not been carefully studied based on micromechanical observations and analyses. Therefore, in this study, meso‐damage of a yellow sandstone is investigated and a meso‐damage‐based constitutive model for dry–wet cycles is proposed. First, computed tomography scanning and uniaxial compression tests were conducted on yellow sandstones under different dry–wet cycles. Second, the evolution of rock mesostructures and the damage mechanism subjected to dry–wet cycles were simulated using the discrete element method with Particle Flow Code in 2 Dimensions (PFC2D) software. Third, a constitutive model was proposed based on the meso‐statistical theory and damage mechanics. Finally, this constitutive model was verified with the experimental results to check its prediction capability. It is found that the radius and number of pore throats in the sandstone increase gradually with the number of dry–wet cycles, and the pore structure connectivity is also improved. The contact force of sandstone interparticle cementation decreases approximately linearly and the continuity of the particle contact network is continuously broken. The meso‐deformation and strength parameters show similar declining patterns to the modulus of elasticity and peak strength of the rock sample, respectively. This meso‐damage‐based constitutive model can describe well the rock deformation in the initial pressure density stage and the damage stage under the coupling effect of dry–wet cycles and loads.
Speed and degree of functional and compositional recovery varies with latitude and community age
Authors: Bonfim Mariana , López Diana P. , Repetto Michele F. , Freestone Amy L. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractRates at which a community recovers after disturbance, or its resilience, can be accelerated by increased net primary productivity and recolonization dynamics such as recruitment. These mechanisms can vary across biogeographic gradients, such as latitude, suggesting that biogeography is likely important to predicting resilience. To test whether community resilience, informed by functional and compositional recovery, hinges on geographic location, we employed a standardized replicated experiment on marine invertebrate communities across four regions from the tropics to the subarctic zone. Communities assembled naturally on standardized substrate while experiencing distinct levels of biomass removal (no removal, low disturbance, and high disturbance), which opened space for new colonizers, thereby providing a pulse of limited resource to these communities. We then quantified functional (space occupancy and biomass) and compositional recovery from these repeated pulse disturbances across two community assembly timescales (early and late at 3 and 12 months, respectively). We documented latitudinal variation in resilience across 47° latitude, where speed of functional recovery was higher toward lower latitudes yet incomplete at late assembly in the tropics and subtropics. The degree of functional recovery did not coincide with compositional recovery, and regional differences in recruitment and growth likely contributed to functional recovery in these communities. While biogeographic variation in community resilience has been predicted, our results are among the first to examine functional and compositional recovery from disturbance in a single large‐scale standardized experiment.
Acceptability and feasibility of SUCCEAT, an intervention for parents of adolescents with anorexia nervosa
Authors: Philipp Julia , Franta Claudia , Zeiler Michael , Truttmann Stefanie , Wittek Tanja , Schöfbeck Gabriele , Mairhofer Dunja , Mitterer Michaela , Laczkovics Clarissa , Treasure Janet , Karwautz Andreas F. K. , Wagner Gudrun 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjective“Supporting Carers of Children and Adolescents with Eating Disorders in Austria” (SUCCEAT), a skills training for parents, delivered via workshops (WS) or online modules (ONL), has been proven to be effective in terms of parental distress, caregiver skills, and adolescents' outcome. This study examined the adherence to and the acceptability and feasibility of SUCCEAT.MethodOne‐hundred parents (86% mothers) of adolescents with anorexia nervosa participated in the 8‐week training. Parents were assigned to the WS (n = 50) or ONL (n = 50) format using a quasi‐randomised design. Adherence, acceptability, and feasibility were assessed using self‐report questionnaires.ResultsAdherence to the sessions was high (66%–98%) for both groups. The usage of the material was comparable between the groups. However, in the WS group, participants actively approached the coaches (71.8% vs. 48.9% often/very often) or other parents (63% vs. 4.4% often/very often) more often. Perceived helpfulness was high in both groups, overall satisfaction and practicability were higher in the WS group.ConclusionsGood adherence, acceptability, and feasibility were confirmed for both formats of SUCCEAT, with minimal advantages of the WS regarding satisfaction and contact with other parents and coaches. Thus, both formats can be recommended for implementation in clinical routine.
Forecasting stock market returns with a lottery index: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Yaojie , Han Qingxiang , He Mengxi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study constructs a Chinese lottery index (LI) based on six popular lottery preference variables by using the partial least squares method and examines the relationship between the LI and future stock market returns during the period from January 2000 to December 2021. We find that the LI can negatively predict stock market excess returns in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. In addition, the LI can generate a large economic gain for a mean–variance investor. Finally, the predictive sources of the LI stem from a cash flow channel and can be explained by the positive volume–volatility relationship and investor attention.
Do search queries predict violence against women? A forecasting model based on Google Trends
Authors: Gonzálvez‐Gallego Nicolás , Pérez‐Cárceles María Concepción , Nieto‐Torrejón Laura 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a new indicator for reported intimate partner violence against women based on search query time series from Google Trends. This indicator is built up from the relative popularity of three topic‐related keywords. We propose a predictive model based on this specific Google index that is assessed relative to two alternative models: the first one includes the lagged variable, while the second one considers fatalities as a predictor. This comparative analysis is run in two different samples, whether the reported cases are a direct consequence of a violent direct or not. Our results show that the predictive model based on Google data significantly outperforms the other two models, regardless the sample and the forecast horizon. Then, using information gathered from Google queries may improve the allocation and management of resources and services to protect women against this form of violence and to improve risk assessment.
Evaluation surgical strategies in perianal fistulas treatment: Efficacy draining seton compared to other surgical approaches; a case‐control study
Authors: Ghasemlouei Amir , Naseri Amirhosein , Ashjaei Ali , Sadeghi Shahryar , Keshvari Amir 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackground and AimsPerianal fistula is a prevalent anorectal condition originating from an infectious crypt extending to the external opening. Multiple surgical methods exist for treating perianal fistulas; however, selecting the appropriate options is still controversial. Our study aims to evaluate seton replacement versus other surgical methods in treating perianal fistula.MethodsThis study recruited 72 patients presenting with perianal discharge and diagnosed with perianal fistula through intra‐sphincteric, trans‐sphincteric, and supra‐sphincteric examinations at Imam Reza and Besat Hospitals from July 2022 up to March 2023. Regarding case‐control design, patients were divided into two groups: the first group (n = 36) underwent seton insertion, while the control group (n = 36) received alternative surgical methods. Follow‐up was conducted for 1 month post‐discharge, with monthly visits for 6 months. Patients were evaluated for fistula tract healing, seton loosening, and daily secretion rate (based on infected pads) during each visit. Finally, the two groups were compared in terms of improvement rates.ResultsIn the seton group, approximately 94.4% of patients showed improvement. However, the difference between the groups was insignificant (p = 0.494). Seton replacement was performed in 52% of patients, with the majority requiring replacement twice (61%). Improvement rates were highest among cases with two seton replacements, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.073). Following seton replacement, the most common treatment methods were endoanal flap and fistulotomy, with observed improvement in 10 cases for each procedure.ConclusionThis study highlights that draining seton remains a primary choice for intermediate treatment due to its satisfactory improvement rate and lower requirement for replacement, especially up to two times.
Successful treatment of solar lentigines by topical application of stabilized cysteamine: A vehicle‐controlled, double‐blind randomized study
Authors: Saki Nasrin , Modabber Vahideh , Kasraei Hengameh , Kasraee Behrooz 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundSolar lentigines are common hyperpigmented lesions typically appearing after 50 years of age and associated with negative psychological effects in affected individuals. Topical depigmenting products, such as hydroquinone and even the Kligman's formula, are usually ineffective for treating lentigines. Stabilized cysteamine has been recently shown to be as effective as the modified Kligman's formula for treating melasma. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic effect of a stabilized cysteamine on solar lentigines.MethodsA vehicle‐controlled, double‐blind, and randomized study was performed on 30 patients with solar lentigines. Stabilized cysteamine or vehicle control creams were applied on solar lentigines on the dorsum of the hands daily for 12 weeks. Clinical measurements with colorimetry and visual analog scale were performed at baseline, 4, 8, and 12 weeks.ResultsStatistically significant results were obtained in the cysteamine group versus the vehicle control group. Stabilized cysteamine provided a 40% reduction in colorimetric values (p < 0.002) versus a 2% reduction in the vehicle group (p < 0.405). Cysteamine also provided a 40% reduction in VAS (p < 0.001) versus a 2% reduction in the vehicle group (p < 0.245).ConclusionSignificant improvement of solar lentigines was observed after 12 weeks of application of stabilized cysteamine by all evaluation methods. Stabilized cysteamine represents a highly effective topical treatment for solar lentigines and can be considered as one of the first topical therapies effective on this hyperpigmentary disorder.
Beliefs, practices and support needs of preschool teachers toward shy‐withdrawn behaviours
Authors: Guedes Maryse , Veríssimo Manuela , Santos António J. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractShy‐withdrawn behaviours place preschoolers at increased risk of experiencing adverse developmental outcomes. Positive teacher‐child relationships play a protective role against these negative socioemotional outcomes. This study aimed to understand, in‐depth, the beliefs, practices and support needs of preschool teachers toward shy‐withdrawn children. Thirty preschool teachers of children aged 3–5 years were interviewed, using a semistructured guide. The thematic analysis revealed that most preschool teachers were aware of the main manifestations, transactional influences and consequences of shy‐withdrawn behaviours, and of the empirically validated strategies that may be useful to modify them. However, a noteworthy proportion of participants reported misconceptions about the intentionality of shy‐withdrawn behaviours, negative emotions and inconsistent or less effective practices. Our findings highlight that strengthening pre‐service and in‐service training and providing coaching to the preschool staff may be helpful to restructure dysfunctional beliefs about shy‐withdrawn behaviours, translate developmental knowledge in evidence‐based classroom practices and enhance professionals' self‐awareness.Highlights
This study explored, in‐depth, the beliefs, practices and support needs of preschool teachers toward shy‐withdrawn children.
Most of the 30 interviewed preschool teachers were aware of the main manifestations, transactional influences and consequences of shy‐withdrawn behaviours.
Our findings highlight the need to strengthen teachers' training, bridging theoretical knowledge with professional development.