bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recessive developmental delay, small stature, microcephaly and brain calcifications with locus on chromosome 2
Authors: Rajab Anna , Aldinger Kimberly A. , El‐Shirbini Hisham Ali , Dobyns William B. , Ross M. Elizabeth 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo interrelated Omani families are described with eight children manifesting a genetic disorder with widespread brain calcifications. Brain imaging showed extensive scattered calcifications of basal ganglia and cortex, suggesting possible Aicardi–Goutieres syndrome (AGS) or Coats' Plus syndrome. However, the clinical features in the present families diverge substantially from these two conditions. Growth delay, mild developmental delay, and poor school performance were present in all affected individuals, but progressive deterioration of neurological function was not apparent, nor were there significant cortical whitematter disease or retinopathy. Genome‐wide linkage and fine‐mapping analyses of the extended family members and affected individuals indicate a genetic locus for this disorder on Chromosome 2 with a LOD score of 6.17. The Chromosome 2 locus is novel and the clinical presentation displays features distinguishing the condition from either Coats' or AGS, making this a new variant or possibly a new disorder of inherited brain calcification. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cervical vertebrae, cranial base, and mandibular retrognathia in human triploid fetuses
Authors: Sonnesen Liselotte , Nolting Dorrit , Engel Ulla , Kjær Inger 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOn profile radiographs of adults, an association between fusions of cervical vertebrae, deviations in the cranial base and mandibular retrognathia has been documented radiographically. An elaboration of this association on a histological level is needed. In human triploid fetuses severe mandibular retrognathia and deviations in the cranial base have previously been described radiographically (without cephalometry) and cervical column fusions radiographically as well as histologically. Therefore, triploid fetuses were chosen to elucidate the cranial base cephalomterically and histologically. In the present study, eight triploid fetuses were analyzed radiographically and histologically focusing especially on the cranial base, which borders to the spine and to which the jaws are attached. A histological analysis of the cranial base has not previously been performed in triploid cases. An enlarged cranial base angle and a retrognathic position of the mandible were documented cephalometrically on radiographs of all cases. Histologically, malformations were observed in the cranial base as well as in the spine. These are new findings indicating the association between the occipital bone and the uppermost vertebra in the body axis. As the notochord connects the cervical column and the cranial base in early prenatal life, molecular signaling from the notochord may in future studies support the notochord as the developmental link between abnormal development in the spine and the cranial base. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stabilization of an α Helix by β‐Sheet‐Mediated Self‐Assembly of a Macrocyclic Peptide
Authors: Lim Yong‐beom , Moon Kyung‐Soo , Lee Myongsoo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn guter Ordnung: Peptidbausteine, die sowohl α‐Helix‐ als auch β‐Faltblatt‐ bildende Segmente in ein und derselben makrocyclischen Struktur enthalten, bauen selbstorganisiert künstliche Proteine mit α‐Helix‐Strukturen auf. Auf dieser Grundlage lassen sich möglicherweise künstliche Proteine entwickeln, die α‐Helix‐vermittelte Wechselwirkungen in einer multivalenten Art und Weise steuern können.magnified image
Zelluläre Bildgebung von Wasserstoffperoxid, dem “notwendigen Übel” in der Zelle
Authors: Zhao Wei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEin schlauer Plan: Die multifunktionelle Fluoreszenzsonde MitoPY1 besteht aus einer Phosphonium‐Kopfgruppe (rot), die selektiv für die Erkennung von Mitochondrien ist, und aus einer Boronatgruppe (grün), die selektiv auf Wasserstoffperoxid anspricht. Mithilfe von MitoPY1 kann mitochondriales H2O2 in lebenden Zellen nachgewiesen werden, indem die oxidative Umwandlung von MitoPY1 zu MitoPY1ox (gelb) einen Fluoreszenzanstieg auslöst.magnified image
Fluorescence Signal Amplification by Cation Exchange in Ionic Nanocrystals
Authors: Li Jishan , Zhang Tierui , Ge Jianping , Yin Yadong , Zhong Wenwan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEin Kationenaustausch setzt Tausende Dikationen aus nichtfluoreszierenden CdSe‐Kristallen frei und aktiviert dadurch Tausende ursprünglich nichtfluoreszierender Fluo‐4‐Fluorophore. So wird eine Fluoreszenzverstärkung erzielt (siehe Bild), die sich für Bioassays mit niedrigen Nachweisgrenzen nutzen lässt. Die Technik ist schnell und einfach, zeichnet sich durch ein großes Farbstoff‐Reporter‐Verhältnis aus und ist flexibel bezüglich der Wahl der Nanokristalle und Fluorophore.magnified image
A Pyrrolysine Analogue for Protein Click Chemistry
Authors: Fekner Tomasz , Li Xin , Lee Marianne M. , Chan Michael K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIgnoring the STOP sign: A pyrrolysine analogue bearing a terminal alkyne was site‐specifically incorporated into recombinant calmodulin (CaM) through a UAG codon. The resulting protein was labeled with an azide‐containing dye using a copper(I)‐catalyzed click reaction. Subsequent application of an orthogonal cysteine tagging method yielded a CaM labeled with two distinct fluorophores that enabled its study by FRET spectroscopy.magnified image
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,2‐Disubstituted Oxetanes from Ketones by Using a One‐Pot Sequential Addition of Sulfur Ylide
Authors: Sone Toshihiko , Lu Gang , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBetter the second time around: The title compounds were synthesized by using a one‐pot double methylene transfer catalyzed by a heterobimetallic La/Li complex. Chiral amplification in the second step was the key to obtaining oxetanes in high enantiomeric excess (see scheme).magnified image
Bioproduction and characterization of a pH responsive self‐assembling peptide
Authors: Riley Jessica M. , Aggeli Amalia , Koopmans Rudolf J. , McPherson Michael J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPeptide P11‐4 (QQRFEWEFEQQ) was designed to self‐assemble to form β‐sheets and nematic gels in the pH range 5–7 at concentrations ≥12.6 mM in water. This self‐assembly is reversibly controlled by adjusting the pH of the solvent. It can also self‐assemble into gels in biological media. This together with its biocompatibility and biodegradability make P11‐4 an attractive building block for the fabrication of nanoscale materials with uses in, for example, tissue engineering. A limitation to large‐scale production of such peptides is the high cost of solid phase chemical synthesis. We describe expression of peptide P11‐4 in the bacterium Escherichia coli from constructs carrying tandem repeats of the peptide coding sequence. The vector pET31b+ was used to express P11‐4 repeats fused to the ketosteroid isomerase protein which accumulates in easily recoverable inclusion bodies. Importantly, the use of auto‐induction growth medium to enhance cell density and protein expression levels resulted in recovery of 2.5 g fusion protein/L culture in both shake flask and batch fermentation. Whole cell detergent lysis allowed recovery of inclusion bodies largely composed of the fusion protein. Cyanogen bromide cleavage followed by reverse phase HPLC allowed purification of the recombinant peptide with a C‐terminal homoserine lactone (rP11‐4(hsl)). This recombinant peptide formed pH dependent hydrogels, displayed β‐structure measured by circular dichroism and fibril formation observed by transmission electron microscopy. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;103: 241–251. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Using mobile and web‐based computerized tests to evaluate university students
Authors: Romero Cristobal , Ventura Sebastian , de Bra Paul 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMobile learning and testing is emerging as a potential educational environment. In this article we evaluate the use of mobile devices for testing as compared to web‐based assessment systems. We also describe an authoring tool to develop adaptable and adaptive computerized tests that can be executed on such different platforms as personal computers, personal digital assistants and mobile phones. We have carried out an experiment with computer science university students to determine their satisfaction and to compare the results obtained when executing a test on personal computers versus mobile devices. The experiments have shown that students were highly motivated and enjoyed using mobile application for testing. Furthermore, there were not any significant differences in the results obtained with the different versions of the test. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 435–447, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20242
A genetic algorithm for generating test from a question bank
Authors: Yildirim Mehmet 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide academicians with efficient means of generating tests with multiple‐choice questions from a question bank. Genetic algorithm (GA) is used to optimize predefined criteria for selecting questions from the question bank. GA is a very useful optimization algorithm because of its versatility. However, crossover and mutation operator of standard GA cannot be directly usable for generating test, since integer‐coded individuals have to be used and these operators produce duplicated genoms on individuals. In this study, a mutation operation is proposed for preventing the duplications on crossovered individuals. The experiments and analysis show that GA with proposed mutation operator is successful as approximately 100%. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 298–305, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20260
An overview of simulation module, PCLAB, for undergraduate chemical engineers in process control
Authors: Ali Emad , Idriss Arimiyawo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study presents MATLAB‐based interactive software for process control analysis and training. The main objective of the simulator is to train students and engineers for dynamic process modeling and analysis, control loop analysis and tuning, and system identification. The software structure consists of various case studies with specific exercises. The case studies cover some common industrial chemical processes. Users can learn different control aspects via working through the well‐designed exercises. For convenience, the software is designed as a user‐friendly menu‐driven framework such that the user can easily navigate through the various case studies and exercises, carry out simulation experiments, visualize the results, and learn in the meanwhile. A tutorial illustrating some of the software features is presented. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 18: 306–318, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20261
I405V and TaqIB polymorphisms of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein and their relation to serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in a Turkish population
Authors: Doğru‐Abbasoğlu Semra , Parıldar‐Karpuzoğlu Hande , Depboylu Bilge , Çine Naci , Uysal Müjdat , Aykaç‐Toker Gülçin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) plays a central role in high‐density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism. Genetic polymorphisms of the CETP gene can influence levels of serum lipoproteins. It has been reported that mean HDL‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations are low in Turkish population. Thus, we investigated the frequencies of the common I405V and TaqIB polymorphisms of the CETP gene and their relation to serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in a Turkish population. The variant allele frequencies of I405V and TaqIB polymorphisms of the CETP gene were found to be 0.38 and 0.46, respectively and similar to some of the European populations. Subjects for the VV genotype of I405V polymorphism had higher HDL‐C levels than did II subjects. The covariance analysis showed that gender and triglyceride (TG) levels have an effect on the association of HDL‐C and I405V polymorphism. In conclusion, our results indicate that I405V polymorphism may affect the HDL‐C levels in Turkish population. The association of this polymorphism and HDL‐C levels could be modified by other factors, such as gender and TG levels. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
NMR enantiodifferentiation of quaternary ammonium salts of Tröger base
Authors: Michon Christophe , Gonçalves‐Farbos Maria‐Héléna , Lacour Jérôme 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHexacoordinated phosphorus BINPHAT anion 1 is an efficient NMR chiral solvating agent for quaternary ammonium cations (quats) derived from Tröger base leading to large separations of the proton signals of the enantiomers and even in polar solvent media such as CD3CN (ΔΔδ up to 0.12 ppm). Quite surprisingly, this efficacy in the NMR split efficiency is not translated into a supramolecular stereocontrol (Pfeiffer effect) of the cation configuration by the anion. Chirality 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Separation and toxicity of salithion enantiomers
Authors: Zhou Shanshan , Lin Kunde , Li Ling , Jin Meiqing , Ye Jing , Liu Weiping 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEnantioseletive toxicities of chiral pesticides have become an environmental concern recently. In this study, we evaluated the enantiomeric separation of salithion on a suite of commercial chiral columns and assessed the toxicity of enantiomers toward butyrylcholinesterase and Daphnia magna. Satisfactory separations of salithion enantiomers could be achieved on all tested columns, that is, Chiralcel OD, Chiralcel OJ, and Chiralpak AD column. However, the Chiralpak AD column offered the best separation and was chosen to prepare micro‐scale of pure salithion enantiomers for subsequent bioassays. The first and second enantiomers eluted on the Chiralpak AD column were further confirmed to be (−)‐S‐salithion and (+)‐R‐salithion, respectively. The half inhibition concentrations to butyrylcholinesterase of racemate, (+)‐R‐salithion, and (−)‐S‐salithion were 33.09, 2.92, and 15.60 mg/l, respectively, showing (+)‐R‐enantiomer being about 5.0 times more potent than its (−)‐S‐form. However, the median lethal concentrations (96 h) of racemate, (+)‐R‐salithion, and (−)‐S‐salithion toward D. magna were 3.54, 1.10, and 0.36 μg/l, respectively, suggesting that (−)‐S‐salithion was about 3.0 times more toxic than (+)‐R‐form. Racemic salithion was less toxic than either of the enantiomers in both bioassays, suggesting that antagonistic interactions might occur between the enantiomers during the toxication action. This work reveals that the toxicity of salithion toward butyrylcholinesterase and D. magna is enantioselective, and this factor should be taken into consideration in the environmental risk assessment of salithion. Chirality 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biorefining of Green Biomass – Technical and Energetic Considerations
Authors: Kamm Birgit , Schönicke Petra , Kamm Michael 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe development of biorefineries is the key for access to an integrated production of food, feed, chemicals, materials, goods, fuels and energy of the future. This communication considers an integrated green biorefinery combined with today's production of feed in the green agriculture. Special attention is given to the combination of physical and biotechnological processes for the production of proteins as well as platform chemicals such as lactic acid and lysine. Mass and energy flows (steam and electricity) are given for the biorefining of green biomass to produce platform chemicals, proteins, feed and biogas from residues.
Synthesis and Flocculation Behavior of Cationic Cellulose Prepared in a NaOH/Urea Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yan Lifeng , Tao Hongyun , Bangal Prakriti R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWater soluble cationic cellulose was synthesized by the reaction between microcrystalline cellulose and 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution. The characterization of the cationic cellulose was performed by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, and viscosity analysis. The effects of reaction time and molar ratio of the reagents on the structure of the products were also investigated, and it was found that the degree of substitution (DS) of the cationic cellulose obtained depended on both the ratio of the 2,3‐epoxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride to cellulose and the reaction time. The flocculation capacity of the cationic cellulose was determined with 0.25 wt % kaolin suspension using the standard jar test. Encouraging results were found and cationic cellulose may be applicable for use as a novel flocculant in wastewater treatment.
Classification and basic properties of contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Geraldes Carlos F. G. C. , Laurent Sophie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA comprehensive classification of contrast agents currently used or under development for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is presented. Agents based on small chelates, macromolecular systems, iron oxides and other nanosystems, as well as responsive, chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and hyperpolarization agents are covered in order to discuss the various possibilities of using MRI as a molecular imaging technique. The classification includes composition, magnetic properties, biodistribution and imaging applications. Chemical compositions of various classes of MRI contrast agents are tabulated, and their magnetic status including diamagnetic, paramagnetic and superparamagnetic are outlined. Classification according to biodistribution covers all types of MRI contrast agents including, among others, extracellular, blood pool, polymeric, particulate, responsive, oral, and organ specific (hepatobiliary, RES, lymph nodes, bone marrow and brain). Various targeting strategies of molecular, macromolecular and particulate carriers are also illustrated. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Survival of patients in a Phase 1 clinic
Authors: Wheler Jennifer , Tsimberidou Apostolia M. , Hong David , Naing Aung , Jackson Tiffiny , Liu Suyu , Feng Lei , Kurzrock Razelle 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Patients with advanced malignancies for whom standard therapy is ineffective may participate in phase 1 trials. To gain a better understanding of the clinical features that could influence benefit versus risk, the authors of this report assessed prognostic factors and survival for patients who were referred to a phase 1 clinic focused primarily on targeted agents.METHODS:The medical records of 200 sequential patients who presented to the Phase 1 Clinic at The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center were reviewed, and their characteristics and survival were analyzed.RESULTS:The median patient age was 58 years (range, 12‐85 years), and 57% of patients were men. The median number of prior therapies was 4. Of 200 patients, 182 were treated on at least 1 phase 1 clinical trial. The median follow‐up of surviving patients was 21 months, and the median overall survival was 9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.4‐10.8). In univariate analysis, the factors that predicted shorter survival were primary tumor in the gastrointestinal tract; a history of thrombosis, liver metastases, and elevated levels of serum lactate dehydrogenase; platelet count; carbohydrate antigen 9 (Ca19‐9) and Ca‐125 levels; aspartate aminotransferase levels, and alkaline phosphatase levels (P < .05 for each). In multivariate analysis, independent factors that predicted shorter survival were a history of thromboembolism (hazard ratio [HR], 2.38; 95% CI, 1.29‐4.39; P = .005), platelets ≥440 × 109/L (HR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.12‐2.65; P = .014), and the presence of liver metastases (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.09‐2.09; P = .013).CONCLUSIONS:Patients who were referred to phase 1 studies had a short median survival (9 months). Patients with thrombocytosis, liver metastases, and a history of thromboembolism had worse outcomes. A prognostic score is proposed. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Preoperative and postoperative nomograms incorporating surgeon experience for clinically localized prostate cancer
Authors: Kattan Michael W. , Vickers Andrew J. , Yu Changhong , Bianco Fernando J. , Cronin Angel M. , Eastham James A. , Klein Eric A. , Reuther Alwyn M. , Edson Pontes Jose , Scardino Peter T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Accurate preoperative and postoperative risk assessment has been critical for counseling patients regarding radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer. In addition to other treatment modalities, neoadjuvant or adjuvant therapies have been considered. The growing literature suggested that the experience of the surgeon may affect the risk of prostate cancer recurrence. The purpose of this study was to develop and internally validate nomograms to predict the probability of recurrence, both preoperatively and postoperatively, with adjustment for standard parameters plus surgeon experience.METHODS:The study cohort included 7724 eligible prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy by 1 of 72 surgeons. For each patient, surgeon experience was coded as the total number of cases conducted by the surgeon before the patient's operation. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were developed to predict recurrence. Discrimination and calibration of the models was assessed following bootstrapping methods, and the models were presented as nomograms.RESULTS:In this combined series, the 10‐year probability of recurrence was 23.9%. The nomograms were quite discriminating (preoperative concordance index, 0.767; postoperative concordance index, 0.812). Calibration appeared to be very good for each. Surgeon experience seemed to have a quite modest effect, especially postoperatively.CONCLUSIONS:Nomograms have been developed that consider the surgeon's experience as a predictor. The tools appeared to predict reasonably well but were somewhat little improved with the addition of surgeon experience as a predictor variable. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Adjuvant targeted therapy in early breast cancer
Authors: Mackey John , McLeod Deanna , Ragaz Joseph , Gelmon Karen , Verma Sunil , Pritchard Kathleen , Laing Kara , Provencher Louise , Charbonneau Lauren F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFor this review, the authors appraised the evidence for adjuvant trastuzumab therapy in early breast cancer. There was level 1 evidence to support the routine use of 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab in conjunction with chemotherapy for women with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER‐2)‐positive early breast cancer. The relative benefits of concurrent versus sequential administration remained unclear; however concurrent administration permitted the earliest possible intervention with trastuzumab with possible superiority. There was evidence to support the use of trastuzumab in both lymph node‐positive and high‐risk lymph node‐negative patients, and preliminary data suggested that all patient subgroups that were eligible for the trials benefit equally from trastuzumab. Adjuvant trastuzumab was associated with a risk of cardiotoxicity, the long‐term impact of which remains largely unknown. Routine cardiac risk assessment considering left ventricular ejection fraction, age, and prior history of cardiac events is recommended along with the selection of trastuzumab‐based regimens that minimize cardiotoxicity. Trastuzumab acquisition costs for 1 year of therapy were the largest component of treatment costs. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.