bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Die Arier in Den Nahöstlichen Quellen Des 3. Und 2. Jahrtausends V. Chr
Authors: Derakhshani Jahanshah 
Published: July 2008

AbstractDie frühe Präsenz der Arier im Vorderen und Mittleren Orient ist Gegenstand einer Untersuchung, die ich anhand positiver materieller und sprachlicher Evidenz vorgenommen habe. Ein Teil davon (Band 1, Heft 1) ist bereits veröffentlicht, und der andere Teil (Hauptwerk) erscheint in Kürze.1 Der vorliegende Artikel ist ein Auszug der im Hauptwerk (hier als Vo.Arier abgekürzt) ausführlich behandelten sprachlichen Aspekte, die dort in Verbindung mit materiellen Evidenzen behandelt und hier vorab veröffentlicht und zur Diskussion gestellt werden. Das Thema wurde bereits auf der Second International Iranian Studies Conference präsentiert.2 Eine Monographie unter demselben Titel ist bereits erschienen (hier durchgesehen und geringfügig erweitert), die mehrere Landkarten und Bilder sowie Umschriften, Registern und Literaturnachweise enthält. In beiden Veröffentlichungen habe ich bewußt auf die materielle Evidenz weitgehend verzichtet, um die Arbeit auf sprachlicher Basis abzurunden. Aber selbst die hier angebotenen sprachlichen Zeugnisse sind weder komplett noch durch Textauszüge aus alten Urkunden gestützt, die in umfangreichem Maße im Hauptwerk angeführt werden.
Hybrid σ–p Coordinate Choices for a Global Model
Authors: Eckermann Stephen 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
A methodology for choosing a hybrid σ–p (sigma–pressure) vertical coordinate of the Simmons–Strüfing form for a global model is presented. The method focuses on properties of the vertical derivative of the terrain-following coefficient, which affect the smoothness and shape of layer thickness profiles and determines the coordinate’s monotonicity over variable terrain. The method is applied to characterize and interrelate existing hybrid coordinate choices in NWP and climate models, then to design new coordinates with specific properties. Offline tests indicate that the new coordinates reduce stratospheric errors in models due to vertical truncation effects in the computation of the pressure gradient force over steep terrain. When implemented in a global model, the new coordinates significantly reduce vorticity and divergence errors at all altitudes in idealized simulations. In forecasting experiments with a global model, the new coordinates slightly reduce the stability of the semi-implicit time scheme. Resetting the reference pressure in the scheme to ∼800 hPa solves the problem for every coordinate except the Sangster–Arakawa–Lamb hybrid, which remains intrinsically less stable than the others. Impacts of different coordinates on forecast skill are neutral or weakly positive, with the new hybrid coordinates yielding slight improvements relative to earlier hybrid choices. This essentially neutral impact indirectly endorses the wide variety of hybrid coordinate choices currently used in NWP and climate models, with the proviso that these tests do not address the impact over longer time scales or on data assimilation.
Interactions of pesticides with clays and layered double hydroxides: a review
Authors: Cornejo J. , Celis R. , Pavlovic I. , Ulibarri M. A. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe increasing presence of pesticides in natural ecosystems has stimulated research to look for improved adsorbent materials which can be used to remediate and prevent soil and water contamination by these compounds. Among the different materials that have been assayed as adsorbents of pesticides are natural clay minerals, particularly 2:1 phyllosilicates and their structurally complementary synthetic analogues layered double hydroxides (LDHs). The great interest in natural clays and LDHs as adsorbent materials is mainly related to the large specific surface areas associated with their layered structure, the ease with which they are obtained or synthesized, and the possibility of modifying their surfaces to increase their affinity for specific adsorbates. This review summarizes the adsorptive properties of natural clays and LDHs for pesticides and related organic compounds. Particular emphasis is given to the surface modification of clay minerals and LDHs with organic ions as a strategy to improve the efficiency of these materials as pesticide adsorbents. Potential applications of unmodified and modified clays and LDHs as adsorbents to prevent and remediate soil and water contamination by pesticides are also discussed.
Influence of the calcination temperature of kaolin on the mechanical properties of mortars and concretes containing metakaolin
Authors: Mejía De Gutiérrez R. , Torres J. , Vizcayno C. , Castello R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe effect of heating, to temperatures between 400 and 1200ºC, on the dehydroxylation of kaolin and the pozzolanic activity of the resulting amorphous material were determined by a variety of analytical techniques. Mixtures of concrete containing variable amounts of kaolin calcined at 700ºC were analysed and the results compared with those for concrete samples containing two different types of imported metakaolin. As shown in this work, Colombian kaolin can be used effectively as a raw material to obtain a highly active product (metakaolin). The optimum heating temperature for the kaolin is between 700 and 800ºC.
Vermiculite, with hydroxy-aluminium interlayer, and kaolinite formation in a subtropical sandy soil from south Brazil
Authors: Bortoluzzi E. C. , Velde B. , Pernes M. , Dur J. C. , Tessier D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clay mineral phases in a Rhodic Acrisol soil and to discuss their evolution in subtropical conditions. Prairie and forest soil profiles were sampled and clay fractions of the parent material and soil horizons analysed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) at the Federal University of Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul-Brazil. The XRD results show the presence of interstratified kaolinite-smectite and illite-smectite as well as illite in the parent material. These minerals were also found in the soil samples but with two new phases: hydroxy-aluminium interlayered vermiculite (HIV), which showed incomplete collapse with treatment at 550ºC, and a newly formed kaolinite (d= 7.17 Å). Under a subtropical climate and a sandy lithology, HIV and kaolinite appear to be a result of a specific pedogenic clay formation, related to the natural vegetation. Originally, under the prairie area, the intensity of the weathering processes was weak (within 2:1 clay minerals), as only small quantities of kaolinite and Fe oxides, and no evidence of gibbsite, were found.
Interruption of the Ras/MEK/ERK signaling cascade enhances Chk1 inhibitor–induced DNA damage in vitro and in vivo in human multiple myeloma cells
Authors: Dai Yun , Chen Shuang , Pei Xin-Yan , Almenara Jorge A. , Kramer Lora B. , Venditti Charis A. , Dent Paul , Grant Steven 
Published: July 2008

Abstract
The role of the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway was examined in relation to DNA damage in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells exposed to Chk1 inhibitors in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of various MM cells to marginally toxic concentrations of the Chk1 inhibitors UCN-01 or Chk1i modestly induced DNA damage, accompanied by Ras and ERK1/2 activation. Interruption of these events by pharmacologic (eg, the farnesyltransferase inhibitor R115777 or the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD184352) or genetic (eg, transfection with dominant-negative Ras or MEK1 shRNA) means induced pronounced DNA damage, reflected by increased γH2A.X expression/foci formation and by comet assay. Increased DNA damage preceded extensive apoptosis. Notably, similar phenomena were observed in primary CD138+ MM cells. Enforced MEK1/2 activation by B-Raf transfection prevented R115777 but not PD184352 from inactivating ERK1/2 and promoting Chk1 inhibitor–induced γH2A.X expression. Finally, coadministration of R115777 diminished UCN-01–mediated ERK1/2 activation and markedly potentiated γH2A.X expression in a MM xenograft model, associated with a striking increase in tumor cell apoptosis and growth suppression. Such findings suggest that Ras/MEK/ERK activation opposes whereas its inhibition dramatically promotes Chk1 antagonist–mediated DNA damage. Together, these findings identify a novel mechanism by which agents targeting the Ras/MEK/ERK pathway potentiate Chk1 inhibitor lethality in MM.
Gene expression in CD4+ T-cells reflects heterogeneity in infant wheezing phenotypes
Authors: Kapitein B. , Hoekstra M. O. , Nijhuis E. H. J. , Hijnen D. J. , Arets H. G. M. , Kimpen J. L. L. , Knol E. F. 
Published: July 2008

Although a marked increase in the reporting of wheezing symptoms since the mid-1970s has been described, the underlying immunopathology of the different wheezing phenotypes has not been clarified. Since differences in gene expression might be involved, the objective of the present study was to identify gene expression profiles in CD4+ T-cells from two distinct infant wheezing phenotypes.The gene expression profiles of peripheral CD4+ T-cells were compared by means of microarray analysis of six transient wheezers, six persistent wheezers and seven healthy controls. The differentially expressed genes were subsequently validated by RT-PCR.The differential gene expression profiles reflected common immunological pathways involved in apoptosis or proliferation of T-cells. Furthermore, both wheezing phenotypes showed decreased expression of the complement component 5 receptor 1 gene, a gene involved in the regulation of bronchial responsiveness. Moreover, differences in gene expression profiles were found in genes involved in the immune response against respiratory syncytial virus, such as those encoding signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 and an inflammatory mediator showing enhanced production in asthma (prostaglandin E2receptor 2).The present findings suggest that clinical symptoms of wheeze are reflected in common immunological pathways, whereas differences between wheezing phenotypes are, in part, reflected in distinct gene expression profiles.
GenoType MTBDR assays for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis: a meta-analysis
Authors: Ling D. I. , Zwerling A. A. , Pai M. 
Published: July 2008

The global extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) response plan calls for implementation of rapid tests to screen patients at risk of drug-resistant TB. Currently, two line probe assays exist, the INNO-LiPA®Rif.TB assay (Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium) and the GenoType® MTBDR assay (Hain LifeScience GmbH, Nehren, Germany). While LiPA studies have been reviewed, the accuracy of GenoType assays has not been systematically reviewed.The present authors carried out a systematic review and used meta-analysis methods appropriate for diagnostic accuracy. After the literature searches, 14 comparisons for rifampicin and 15 comparisons for isoniazid were identified in 10 articles that used GenoType MTBDR assays. Accuracy results were summarised in forest plots and pooled using bivariate random-effects regression.The pooled sensitivity (98.1%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 95.9–99.1) and specificity (98.7%, 95% CI 97.3–99.4) estimates for rifampicin resistance were very high and consistent across all subgroups, assay versions and specimen types. The accuracy for isoniazid was variable, with lower sensitivity (84.3%, 95% CI 76.6–89.8) and more inconsistent than specificity (99.5%, 95% CI 97.5–99.9).GenoType MDTBR assays demonstrate excellent accuracy for rifampicin resistance, even when used on clinical specimens. While specificity is excellent for isoniazid, sensitivity estimates were modest and variable. Together with data from demonstration projects, the meta-analysis provides evidence for policy making and clinical practice.
Pulmonary tuberculosis with acute respiratory failure
Authors: Kim Y. J. , Pack K. M. , Jeong E. , Na J. O. , Oh Y-M. , Lee S. D. , Kim W. S. , Kim D. S. , Kim W. D. , Shim T. S. 
Published: July 2008

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics, prognoses and predictors of mortality of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) with acute respiratory failure (ARF), and to investigate the adjunctive use of corticosteroids in such cases.TB patients with ARF requiring mechanical ventilation (n = 90) were enrolled retrospectively during 1989–2006. The patients were divided into two groups: tuberculous pneumonia (TBP; n = 66), and miliary TB (MTB; n = 24).The TBP patients were older than the MTB patients (mean age 68.0versus54.5 yrs), and the mean±sdinterval from hospital admission to start of anti-TB treatment was longer for the TBP than for the MTB group (5.0±7.0versus2.8±2.5 days). However, there was no difference in in-hospital mortality rate between the two groups (68.2versus58.3%). In the TBP patients, multivariate analysis showed that advanced age and shock unrelated to sepsis were associated with poor outcomes. Even though corticosteroid use was a predictor of survival in TBP patients, it was difficult to conclusively determine the efficacy of corticosteroids in TBP with ARF because of the retrospective study design.The present study reveals the need for randomised controlled trials to clarify the role of corticosteroids as adjunctive therapy in the management of tuberculous pneumonia with acute respiratory failure.
Frequency and peak stretch magnitude affect alveolar epithelial permeability
Authors: Cohen T. S. , Cavanaugh K. J. , Margulies S. S. 
Published: July 2008

The present study measured stretch-induced changes in transepithelial permeability to uncharged tracers (1.5–5.5 Å) using cultured monolayers of alveolar epithelial type-I like cells. Cultured alveolar epithelial cells were subjected to uniform cyclic (0, 0.25 and 1.0 Hz) biaxial stretch from 0% to 12, 25 or 37% change in surface area (ΔSA) for 1 h.Significant changes in permeability of cell monolayers were observed when stretched from 0% to 37% ΔSA at all frequencies, and from 0% to 25% ΔSA only at high frequency (1 Hz), but not at all when stretched from 0% to 12% ΔSA compared with unstretched controls. At stretch oscillation amplitudes of 25 and 37% ΔSA, imposed at 1 Hz, tracer permeability increased compared with that at 0.25 Hz. Cells subjected to a single stretch cycle at 37% ΔSA (0.25 Hz), to simulate a deep sigh, were not distinguishable from unstretched controls.Reducing stretch oscillation amplitude while maintaining a peak stretch of 37% ΔSA (0.25 Hz)viathe application of a simulated post-end-expiratory pressure did not protect barrier properties.In conclusion, peak stretch magnitude and stretch frequency were the primary determining factors for epithelial barrier dysfunction, as opposed to oscillation amplitude.
Pleural drainage and pleurodesis: implementation of guidelines in four hospitals
Authors: Burgers J. A. , Kunst P. W. A. , Koolen M. G. J. , Willems L. N. A. , Burgers J. S. , van den Heuvel M. 
Published: July 2008

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the implementation of the 2003 Dutch guideline on the diagnosis and treatment of malignant pleural effusions, and the potential effect of the implementation on the clinical outcome of pleurodesis.All patients with malignant pleural effusion who had a pleural drain placed with the intention of performing pleurodesis were registered prospectively in four centres. Details of the procedure and fluid recurrence and survival data were noted.Patients with a proven malignancy (n = 100) were entered into the registration database. Diagnostic guideline recommendations were followed in 60–70% of the patients. Surprisingly, pleurodesis was performed in only 75% of the patients, mainly due to the presence of a trapped lung. All pleurodeses were performed using talc, according to the guideline. Follow-up revealed fluid recurrence in 27 (36%) patients after a mean follow-up of 17 days (range 2–285 days); 14 patients with successful pleurodesis died with a median survival of 61 days (range 13–174 days). Systemic treatment following pleurodesis and good apposition of the pleural surfaces during drainage were good prognostic factors.Despite reasonable-to-good adherence to the guideline, the number of successful pleurodeses was low. Better predictors of a good pleurodesis outcome are needed.
Systematic genetic array analysis links the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAGA/SLIK and NuA4 component Tra1 to multiple cellular processes
Authors: Hoke Stephen MT , Guzzo Julie , Andrews Brenda , Brandl Christopher J 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
Tra1 is an essential 437-kDa component of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae SAGA/SLIK and NuA4 histone acetyltransferase complexes. It is a member of a group of key signaling molecules that share a carboxyl-terminal domain related to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase but unlike many family members, it lacks kinase activity. To identify genetic interactions for TRA1 and provide insight into its function we have performed a systematic genetic array analysis (SGA) on tra1

SRR 3413, an allele that is defective in transcriptional regulation.

Results
The SGA analysis revealed 114 synthetic slow growth/lethal (SSL) interactions for tra1

SRR 3413. The interacting genes are involved in a range of cellular processes including gene expression, mitochondrial function, and membrane sorting/protein trafficking. In addition many of the genes have roles in the cellular response to stress. A hierarchal cluster analysis revealed that the pattern of SSL interactions for tra1

SRR 3413most closely resembles deletions of a group of regulatory GTPases required for membrane sorting/protein trafficking. Consistent with a role for Tra1 in cellular stress, the tra1

SRR 3413strain was sensitive to rapamycin. In addition, calcofluor white sensitivity of the strain was enhanced by the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine, a phenotype shared with the Ada components of the SAGA/SLIK complex. Through analysis of a GFP-Tra1 fusion we show that Tra1 is principally localized to the nucleus.

Conclusion
We have demonstrated a genetic association of Tra1 with nuclear, mitochondrial and membrane processes. The identity of the SSL genes also connects Tra1 with cellular stress, a result confirmed by the sensitivity of the tra1

SRR 3413strain to a variety of stress conditions. Based upon the nuclear localization of GFP-Tra1 and the finding that deletion of the Ada components of the SAGA complex result in similar phenotypes as tra1

SRR 3413, we suggest that the effects of tra1

SRR 3413are mediated, at least in part, through its role in the SAGA complex.
Select cognitive deficits in Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide deficient mice
Authors: Chaudhury Dipesh , Loh Dawn H , Dragich Joanna M , Hagopian Arkady , Colwell Christopher S 
Published: July 2008

Abstract

Background
The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is widely distributed in the adult central nervous system where this peptide functions to regulate synaptic transmission and neural excitability. The expression of VIP and its receptors in brain regions implicated in learning and memory functions, including the hippocampus, cortex, and amygdala, raise the possibility that this peptide may function to modulate learned behaviors. Among other actions, the loss of VIP has a profound effect on circadian timing and may specifically influence the temporal regulation of learning and memory functions.

Results
In the present study, we utilized transgenic VIP-deficient mice and the contextual fear conditioning paradigm to explore the impact of the loss of this peptide on a learned behavior. We found that VIP-deficient mice exhibited normal shock-evoked freezing behavior and increases in corticosterone. Similarly, these mutant mice exhibited no deficits in the acquisition or recall of the fear-conditioned behavior when tested 24-hours after training. The VIP-deficient mice exhibited a significant reduction in recall when tested 48-hours or longer after training. Surprisingly, we found that the VIP-deficient mice continued to express circadian rhythms in the recall of the training even in those individual mice whose wheel running wheel activity was arrhythmic. One mechanistic explanation is suggested by the finding that daily rhythms in the expression of the clock gene Period2 continue in the hippocampus of VIP-deficient mice.

Conclusion
Together these data suggest that the neuropeptide VIP regulates the recall of at least one learned behavior but does not impact the circadian regulation of this behavior.
Articulation of three core metabolic processes in Arabidopsis: Fatty acid biosynthesis, leucine catabolism and starch metabolism
Authors: Mentzen Wieslawa I , Peng Jianling , Ransom Nick , Nikolau Basil J , Wurtele Eve Syrkin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractBackgroundElucidating metabolic network structures and functions in multicellular organisms is an emerging goal of functional genomics. We describe the co-expression network of three core metabolic processes in the genetic model plantArabidopsis thaliana: fatty acid biosynthesis, starch metabolism and amino acid (leucine) catabolism.ResultsThese co-expression networks form modules populated by genes coding for enzymes that represent the reactions generally considered to define each pathway. However, the modules also incorporate a wider set of genes that encode transporters, cofactor biosynthetic enzymes, precursor-producing enzymes, and regulatory molecules. We tested experimentally the hypothesis that one of the genes tightly co-expressed with starch metabolism module, a putative kinase AtPERK10, will have a role in this process. Indeed, knockout lines of AtPERK10 have an altered starch accumulation. In addition, the co-expression data define a novel hierarchical transcript-level structure associated with catabolism, in which genes performing smaller, more specific tasks appear to be recruited into higher-order modules with a broader catabolic function.ConclusionEach of these core metabolic pathways is structured as a module of co-expressed transcripts that co-accumulate over a wide range of environmental and genetic perturbations and developmental stages, and represent an expanded set of macromolecules associated with the common task of supporting the functionality of each metabolic pathway. As experimentally demonstrated, co-expression analysis can provide a rich approach towards understanding gene function.