bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Decrease in Gastric Permeability to Sucrose Following Cure of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Goodgame Richard W. , Malaty Hoda M. , El‐Zimaity Hala M.T. , Graham David Y. 
Published: February 2007

Background.Gastric sucrose permeability is a noninvasive marker that reliably increases in association with gastrointestinal injury due to use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. Despite the effect of Helicobacter pylori infection on the gastric mucosa, in a previous study we were unable to demonstrate that H. pylori infection was associated with abnormal gastric sucrose permeability. Our goal in this study was to explore further whether H. pylori infection changed gastric permeability; therefore, we evaluated the effect of treatment of H. pylori infection on gastric permeability to sucrose and the relation of sucrose permeability to density of polymorphonuclear leukocytes.Materials and Methods.Five hundred milliliters of a solution containing 100 gm of sucrose was ingested by the subject at bedtime. Overnight urine was collected and assayed for sucrose by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Sucrose permeability was assessed both before and approximately 4 weeks after anti–H. pylori therapy.Results.Seventeen asymptomatic H. pylori–infected volunteers participated; 8 were cured. Sucrose permeability was in the range commonly found in normal controls both before and after anti–H. pylori therapy (mean excretion, 76.3 mg; range, 13–171 mg). Gastric sucrose permeability correlated with the density of polymorphonulcear cell infiltration of the mucosa. Cure of the H. pylori infection was associated with a small but significant decrease in sucrose permeability (98.8 ± 18 mg to 51.7 ± 9.8 mg (p = .01). Sucrose permeability was greater in those with a high density of mucosal polymorphonuclear cells compared to those with lower scores (119.5 ± 4 vs 71.4 ± 13 for those with scores ≥ 5 compared to scores ≤ 4;p = .023). Failed therapy resulted in an increase in the mucosal density of polymorphonuclear infiltration and sucrose permeability (56.4 ± 13 mg–99.7 ± 19 mg pretreatment vs posttreatment, respectively;p = .031).Conclusion. H. pylori gastritis causes a small but measurable increase in gastric permeability to sucrose that may reflect epithelial transmigration of neutrophils.
Atrophic Body Gastritis: Distinct Features Associated with Helicobacter pylori Infection
Authors: Annibale Bruno , Marignani Massimo , Azzoni Cinzia , D’ambra Giancarlo , Caruana Pietro , D’adda Tiziana , Fave Gianfranco Delle , Bordi Cesare 
Published: February 2007

Background.Usually, atrophic body gastritis has been considered an autoimmune disease characterized by the presence of parietal cell antibodies. Previous investigations into the role of Helicobacter pylori infection have obtained conflicting results. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and role of H. pylori in a prospectively investigated population of patients with corpus‐predominant atrophic gastritis.Patients and Methods.A consecutive series of 67 newly diagnosed cases of atrophic body gastritis was derived from a screening of 326 patients with unexplained anemia or dyspepsia. Criteria for diagnosis were fasting hypergastrinemia, pentagastrin‐resistant achlorhydria, and histological confirmation of body atrophy. In all 67 patients, H. pylori infection was evaluated independently by histological assay and urease test. The gastritis status of both the fundic and antral mucosa were graded according to the Sydney system. Parietal cell and intrinsic factor antibodies also were determined.Results.Active H. pylori infection was present in 26.8% of our patients and allowed us to identify a patient’s subpopulation with a significantly smaller degree of body mucosa damage as shown by functional parameters (gastrin, gastric acid secretion, pepsinogen I) and histological assessment. In this subpopulation, a higher prevalence of gastric cancer familial history was found. Presence of parietal cell antibodies showed a similar prevalence in H. pylori–positive and H. pylori–negative patients (61.1% vs. 69.4%) and was not associated with significant functional and histological differences. Cure of infection determined an evident improvement of corporal atrophy as well as a reduction of hypergastrinemia.Conclusion.Active H. pylori infection, a potential cause of oxyntic gland atrophy, is found in one‐fourth of patients with newly diagnosed atrophic body gastritis.
Frozen‐Section Biopsy in Perendoscopic Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Salmenkylä Sinikka , Hyvärinen Hannu , Halonen Kaija , Sipponen Pentti 
Published: February 2007

Background.Our goal was to investigate how reliably Helicobacter pylori infection can be diagnosed from gastric biopsy specimens by frozen‐section technique.Patients and Methods.The series consisted of 105 consecutive outpatients who underwent diagnostic upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for abdominal complaints at Jorvi Hospital (Espoo, Finland) during the beginning of 1996. Endoscopic biopsies from antrum and corpus were taken for both frozen‐section and traditional histology, the latter serving as reference (control) material. In the frozen‐section technique, the biopsy specimens were transferred immediately to the pathology laboratory, were prefixed for 30 sec in 10% neutral formalin, were frozen in liquid nitrogen, and were cut into sections with a cryostat. The sections were stained for 10 minutes with 1% toluidine blue. The control biopsy specimens were fixed overnight in 10% neutral formalin and embedded in paraffin, and the sections were stained with the modified Giemsa method.Results.In the diagnosis of H. pylori infection, both the sensitivity and the specificity of the frozen‐section technique were 98% compared to the findings in the reference series. One false‐negative result occurred among 41 positive cases, and one case erroneously was classified positive among 64 cases that were negative for H. pylori in the ordinary histology. The frozen‐section technique slightly underestimated the degree of colonization of the gastric mucosa by H. pylori, compared to the findings in the reference material. In the diagnosis of gastritis (chronic inflammation of any degree), the sensitivity and specificity of frozen sections were 92% and 95%, respectively. In the frozen‐section technique, the report of the pathologist of the presence or absence of H. pylori gastritis in biopsy specimens could be given to the gastroenterologist by telephone in approximately 20 minutes.Conclusions.The frozen‐section technique is a reliable and rapid method for the diagnosis of H. pylori and provides possibilities for perendoscopic diagnosis of the infection in the hospitals where the frozen‐section service is available.
Failed Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection Associated with Resistance to Clarithromycin
Authors: Tompkins David Stewart , Perkin Jill , Smith Carole 
Published: February 2007

Background.Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to clarithromycin is uncommon. Initial studies have suggested that primary resistance has a significant adverse effect on bacteriological cure rates and acquired resistance develops frequently with failure of treatment following regimens containing clarithromycin.Materials and Methods. H. pylori isolates were obtained from patients with duodenal ulcer treated with clarithromycin and omeprazole and examined for susceptibility to clarithromycin using the E‐test method. A 13C urea breath test was used to confirm infection with H. pylori and successful treatment.Results. H. pylori infection was successfully treated in 101 patients, all with susceptible isolates, and persisted in 30 patients of whom 4 had resistant isolates. Of 16 patients with bacteriological cure failure who had susceptible isolates pretreatment, 11 (68.8%) had resistant isolates post‐treatment.Conclusions.This study confirms previous reports that acquired resistance of H. pylori to clarithromycin develops frequently (68.8–96%) in individuals with failed dual therapy regimens. Primary resistance, although uncommon (3%), was 100% predictive of treatment failure with the regimen used in this study. Effective treatment of H. pylori infection should help to prevent the development of resistance to clarithromycin.
Monoclonal Antibodies against Helicobacter pylori Cross‐React with Human Tissue
Authors: Ko Gyung Hyuck , Park Heung Bae , Shin Myoung Keun , Park Cheol Keun , Lee Jeong Hee , O Youn Hee Shang , Cho Myung Je , Lee Woo Kon , Rhee Kwang Ho 
Published: February 2007

Background. H. pylori is a causative agent of chronic gastritis. However, the pathogenic mechanism by which H. pylori induces chronic inflammation and epithelial injuries in the gastric and duodenal mucosa is not well known. Investigators have recently reported that some monoclonal antibodies against H. pylori cross‐react with the gastric epithelial cells. So, there exists the possibility that the autoimmune mechanism may be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis caused by H. pylori. The purpose of his study is to investigate whether the antibodies against H. pylori react with human tissues or not, using a large panel of monoclonal antibodies.Materials and Methods.Two hundred and fourteen monoclonal antibodies against H. pylori were produced. An immunohistochemical staining of human tissues, including H. pylori‐infected gastric mucosa, was performed using the antibodies.Results.Of 214 monoclonal antibodies, 71 antibodies reacted with H. pylori in the gastric mucosa. Of 71 antibodies, 25 antibodies also reacted with gastric epithelial cells, 11 antibodies reacted with ductal cells of the salivary gland, 11 antibodies reacted with renal tubular cells, and 8 antibodies reacted with duodenal epithelial cells. The antibodies which showed cross‐reactivity with gastric epithelial cells included those against urease, flagella, lipopolysaccharide, and heat shock protein of H. pylori.Conclusions.It is believed that the autoimmune reaction might be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic gastritis due to H. pylori infection, and that the autoimmune reaction induced by H. pylori infection might also be involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases in other organs.
A Retrospective, Comparative Study on the Frequency of Abuse in Migraine and Chronic Daily Headache
Authors: Lee Peterlin B. , Ward Thomas , Lidicker Jeffrey , Levin Morris 
Published: February 2007

Objective.—To assess and contrast the relative frequency of a past history of physical and/or sexual abuse in patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) versus migraine.Background.—A number of risk factors have been identified as risk factors for chronification of headache disorders. Limited data exist regarding the influence of physical and/or sexual abuse on primary headache disorders.Methods.—This was a retrospective chart review of 183 consecutive new headache patients seen from December 2004 through August 2005 at an outpatient tertiary‐care center. Patients were included in the study if they had chronic daily headache (with criteria for medication over‐use headache or chronic migraine), or migraine with or without aura. A history of physical and/or sexual abuse was systematically asked of all headache patients at their first visit in the clinic. This information was then transferred to a semi‐standardized form and the relative frequency of abuse in both groups contrasted.Results.—Of the 161 patients included in the study, 90.1% were female with a mean age of 36.4 ± 12.0. A total of 59.0% of the patients were diagnosed with CDH and 41.0% were diagnosed with migraine. Overall, 34.8% of all patients, 40.0% of CDH patients, and 27.3% of migraine patients had a history of physical and/or sexual abuse. The relative frequency of a history of physical and/or sexual abuse was higher in the CDH group as compared to the migraine group (P= .048).Conclusion.—The relative frequency of abuse is higher in CDH sufferers than migraineurs, suggesting that physical and sexual abuse may be risk factors for chronification.
Cutaneous Allodynia in Transformed Migraine Patients
Authors: Cooke Lara , Eliasziw Michael , Becker Werner J. 
Published: February 2007

Background.—There is growing evidence that central sensitization plays a role in migraine pathogenesis, and that cutaneous allodynia is its clinical correlate. In headache research, allodynia has largely been studied in episodic migraine. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether cutaneous allodynia occurs in transformed migraine, using individuals without headaches as controls.Methods.—Fifteen patients with a diagnosis of transformed migraine and 15 control subjects with no history of headaches were included. All subjects were females between 18 and 50. Similar to the methods of Burstein et al, Von Frey hairs (VFH) were sequentially applied to territories supplied by divisions of the trigeminal nerve, cervical paraspinal muscles, trapezius muscles, ventral forearm, and lower leg to determine a pain threshold. As a milder stimulus, a cotton swab was stroked in the same locations. Each trial was repeated 3 times on 2 occasions. Group comparisons were made using the Student's t‐test.Results.—Mean pain thresholds were lower among migraine patients than control subjects across all test areas. The thresholds were statistically significantly lower in migraine patients than in control subjects for the 1st division of the trigeminal nerve (34.0 g versus 115.8 g, P= .035) and for the 2nd division (23.5 g versus 97.6 g, P= .039). Six patients found a cotton swab‐stroke painful, compared to zero control subjects. Using a quantitative definition of allodynia, 75% of patients had allodynia to mechanical stimuli.Conclusions.—This study is the first to demonstrate allodynia in transformed migraine patients using a headache‐free control population and supports the hypothesis that central sensitization plays a role in the evolution of transformed migraine.
Effects of Autogenic Training on Nitroglycerin‐Induced Headaches
Authors: Juhasz Gabriella , Zsombok Terezia , Gonda Xenia , Nagyne Nora , Modosne Edit , Bagdy Gyorgy 
Published: February 2007

Objectives.—To investigate the prophylactic and acute effects of autogenic training (AT) during a nitroglycerin‐induced migraine attack.Methods.—Thirty female migraineurs (without aura) and 11 controls participated in the study. Of these, 11 migraineurs and 5 controls practiced AT regularly for at least 6 months prior to and during the sublingual nitroglycerin test. Headache intensity and characteristics were recorded with a standardized method. During the nitroglycerin challenge, blood was collected for plasma cortisol determination and blood pressure and pulse rate were recorded.Results.—As a long‐term preventive treatment, AT significantly decreased the mean headache frequency and intensity (P= .001) compared to the pretreatment period in the migraineurs who regularly practiced AT (n = 11). During the nitroglycerin challenge, AT successfully attenuated the nitroglycerin‐induced acute decrease in blood pressure and pulse rate (P= .013; n = 16 AT subjects vs n = 25 non‐AT subjects). However, it was not effective in preventing immediate headache (P= .71), did not decrease the frequency of acute migraine attacks (P= .79), and could not alleviate acute migraine pain (P= .78; n = 16 AT subjects vs n = 25 non‐AT subjects). Plasma cortisol concentration significantly increased (P= .003) during the acute migraine attack (n = 22), and migraine intensity correlated with plasma cortisol elevations (P < .001; n = 41) and showed a tendency of negative correlation with morning plasma cortisol concentration (P= .08; n = 41). However, AT did not alter plasma cortisol responses (P= .99; n = 16 AT subjects vs n = 25 non‐AT subjects).Conclusion.—(1) The long‐term AT therapy proved to be a significantly effective preventive intervention in migraine sufferers. We hypothesized that this long‐term effect of AT is based on modulation of the pain anticipation system, which is strongly correlated with function of the anterior cingulate cortex. (2) We demonstrated that AT could not alter the nitroglycerin‐induced acute migraine attacks, which are directly related to the dysfunctional brainstem activation according to previous studies. (3) Our results suggested that there are multiple, complex relationships between cortisol responses and migraine pain, which are possibly mediated by the brain serotonergic system. (4) In addition, our results provide further evidence that nitroglycerin‐induced vasodilatation is not directly connected to either immediate headache or delayed migraine attack.
French General Practitioners' Management of Children's Migraine Headaches
Authors: Cuvellier Jean‐Christophe , Fily Antoine , Joriot Sylvie , Cuisset Jean‐Marie , Vallée Louis 
Published: February 2007

Objectives.—This study sought to examine the treatment of children with migraine headaches in a prospective sample of children referred to a tertiary center for headaches.Background.—Despite the wide diffusion of guidelines for headache management in children, their application in general practice is far from optimal.Methods.—This prospective study analyzed previous headache treatment by general practitioners in 151 consecutive children (F/M: 0.82; mean age 10.4 ± 3.2 years) referred for migraines to the Lille University Hospital Neuropediatric department between October 1, 2003, and November 30, 2005. The physician completed a questionnaire according to the parents' responses to questions about previous advice about life‐style adjustments (diet, exercise, and sleep hygiene) and abortive and prophylactic treatment. Questions about abortive treatment covered ergot derivatives, triptans, and 3 aspects of ibuprofen use—appropriate dose (ie, more than 7.5 mg/kg), recommendation to administer the drug early in attacks, and warnings about drug abuse. Under the topic of prophylactic treatment, we asked about information from general practitioners about preventive therapy and advice to keep a headache diary.Results.—Fewer than 15% of patients had received advice about life‐style adjustments. Only 30.3% had received ibuprofen at a correct dose (more than 7.5 mg/kg); only 26.5% were told to use it early during the headache; and only 9.1% were warned about drug abuse. Ergot derivatives were prescribed to 4.6% of children and triptans to 9.1%. Families of 17.9% reported that the general practitioners gave them information about prophylactic treatment. Only 8.0% were advised to keep a headache diary.Conclusion.—This study shows the need to increase the role and the involvement of family doctors in the management of primary headache in children in general, and of pediatric migraine in particular.
Cox‐2 Inhibitor Attenuates NO‐Induced nNOS in Rat Caudal Trigeminal Nucleus
Authors: Varga Hedvig , Pardutz Arpad , Vamos Eniko , Plangar Imola , Egyud Eszter , Tajti Janos , Bari Ferenc , Vecsei Laszlo 
Published: February 2007

Objective.—The aim of the present study was to determine which isoform of the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzyme plays a role in the neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) activation caused by nitroglycerin (NTG), in the most caudal part of the trigeminal caudal nucleus (TNC) of the rat.Background.—Nitric oxide donor, NTG, can trigger migraine attack in migraineurs, but not in healthy persons. In rats, subcutaneous administration of NTG (10 mg/kg) increases significantly the number of nNOS‐immunoreactive neurons in the TNC after 4 hours, which could be attenuated by acetyl‐salicylate (Aspirin), a nonselective COX‐inhibitor.Methods.—SPRD rats were divided into 3 groups: (1) control group (no drug administration), (2) NS398 (selective COX‐2 inhibitor) administration (1, 3, or 5 mg/kg), and (3) SC560 (selective COX‐1 inhibitor) administration (1, 5, or 10 mg/kg). Thirty minutes after drug administration, the animals received NTG (10 mg/kg) or placebo injection. Four hours later the animals were transcardially perfused and the cervical part of the TNC was removed for immunohistochemistry.Results.—The selective COX‐2 inhibitor NS398 in contrast to the selective COX‐1 inhibitor SC560 attenuates the NTG‐induced nNOS expression dose‐dependently.Conclusion.—These findings suggest that metabolites deriving from COX‐2 (but not COX‐1) may be the most important factors in the NTG‐induced nNOS expression. These data could help to better understand the pathogenesis of headaches and the action of antimigraine drugs.
Repeated Intracarotid Amobarbital Tests
Authors: Loddenkemper Tobias , Morris Harold H. , Lineweaver Tara T. , Kellinghaus Christoph 
Published: February 2007

Summary:  Rationale: Our goal was to determine the frequency of repeated intracarotid amobarbital test (IAT) at our center and to estimate the retest reliability of the IAT for both language and memory lateralization. Methods: A total of 1,249 consecutive IATs on 1,190 patients were retrospectively reviewed for repeat tests. Results: In 4% of patients the IAT was repeated in order to deliver satisfactory information on either language or memory lateralization. Reasons for repetition included obtundation and inability to test for memory lateralization, inability to test for language lateralization, no hemiparesis during first test, no aphasia during first test, atypical vessel filling, and bleeding complications from the catheter insertion site. Language lateralization was reproduced in all but one patient. Repeated memory test results were less consistent across tests, and memory lateralization was unreliable in 63% of the patients. Discussion: In spite of test limitations by a varying dose of amobarbital, crossover of amobarbital from one side to the other, testing of both hemispheres on the same day, practice effects, unblinded observers, fluctuating cooperation of the patients, and a biased sample of patients language lateralization was reproduced in all but one patient. In contrast, repeated memory test results were frequently contradictory. Memory results on IAT therefore seem much less robust than the results of language testing. Gain of reliable information versus the risks of complications and failed tests has to be considered when a patient is subjected to an IAT.
Eslicarbazepine Acetate: A Double‐blind, Add‐on, Placebo‐controlled Exploratory Trial in Adult Patients with Partial‐onset Seizures
Authors: Elger Christian , Bialer Meir , Cramer Joyce A. , Maia Joana , Almeida Luis , Soares‐da‐Silva Patrício 
Published: February 2007

Summary:  Objective: To explore the efficacy and safety of eslicarbazepine acetate (BIA 2‐093), a new antiepileptic drug, as adjunctive therapy in adult patients with partial epilepsy. Methods: A multicenter, double‐blind, randomized, placebo‐controlled study was conducted in 143 refractory patients aged 18–65 years with ≥4 partial‐onset seizures/month. The study consisted of a 12‐week treatment period followed by a 1‐week tapering off. Patients were randomly assigned to one of three groups: treatment with eslicarbazepine acetate once daily (QD, n = 50), twice daily (BID, n = 46), or placebo (PL, n = 47). The daily dose was titrated from 400 mg to 800 mg and to 1,200 mg at 4‐week intervals. The proportion of responders (patients with a ≥50% seizure reduction) was the primary end point. Results: The percentage of responders versus baseline showed a statistically significant difference between QD and PL groups (54% vs. 28%; 90% CI =–∞, –14; p = 0.008). The difference between the BID (41%) and PL did not reach statistical significance (90% CI =–∞, –1; p = 0.12). A significantly higher proportion of responders in weeks 5–8 was found in the QD group than in the BID group (58% vs. 33%, respectively, p = 0.022). At the end of the 12‐week treatment, the number of seizure‐free patients in the QD and BID groups was 24%, which was significantly different from the PL group. The incidence of adverse events was similar between the treatment groups and no drug‐related serious adverse events occurred. Conclusion: Eslicarbazepine acetate was efficacious and well tolerated as an adjunctive therapy of refractory epileptic patients.