bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Enabling technologies for the ‘always best connected’ concept
Authors: Passas Nikos , Paskalis Sarantis , Kaloxylos Alexandros , Bader Faouzi , Narcisi Renato , Tsontsis Evangelos , Jahan Adil S. , Aghvami Hamid , O'Droma Máirtín , Ganchev Ivan 
Published: April 2006

Abstract‘Always Best Connected’ (ABC) is considered one of the main requirements for next generation networks. The ABC concept allows a person to have access to applications using the devices and network technologies that best suits his or her needs or profile at any time. Clearly, this requires the combination of a set of existing and new technologies, at all levels of the protocol stack, into one integrated system. In this paper, a considerable set of the technologies, that are expected to play a key role towards the ABC vision, are presented. Starting from a reference architecture, the paper describes the required enhancements at certain levels of a traditional protocol stack, as well as technologies for mobility and end‐to‐end Quality of Service (QoS) support. The paper concludes with a case study that reveals the advantages of the ABC concept.This article replaces a previously published version (Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing; 5(2): 175‐191. [DOI: 10.1002/wcm.207]). Retraction notice DOI: 10.1002/wcm.426. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted and replaced: Enabling technologies for the ‘always best connected’ concept
Authors: Passas N. , Paskalis S. , Kaloxylos A. , Bader F. , Narcisi R. , Tsontsis E. , Jahan A. S. , Aghvami H. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe following article from Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing ‘Enabling technologies for the “always best connected” concept’ by N. Passas, S. Paskalis, A. Kaloxylos, F. Bader, R. Narcisi, E. Tsontsis, A. S. Jahan and H. Aghvami published online on 23 August 2004 in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) and in print on 2 March 2005 in Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing Volume 5 Issue 2 pp 175–191 has been retracted and replaced by agreement between the authors, the journal editors and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The article has been retracted due to the omission of the following contributing authors: M. O'Droma and I. Ganchev who are included as contributing authors in the replacement article. (DOI: 10.1002/wcm.392)
Transit time and digestibility of two experimental diets in the maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) and domestic dog (Canis lupus)
Authors: Childs‐Sanford Sara E. , Angel C. Roselina 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRecent research involving nutritional management of clinical disease secondary to cystinuria in captive maned wolves (Chrysocyon brachyurus) in the United States resulted in the production of a commercially manufactured maintenance diet and subsequently, a further modified experimental diet. These two diets differed only in their protein sources and sodium concentrations. The purpose of this study was to further investigate these diets by determining their digestibility and transit time in maned wolves, and also to compare these results to the digestibility and transit time of the diets in domestic dogs. The experiment consisted of two diets (maned wolf commercial maintenance diet and experimental diet) and two species (maned wolf and domestic dog [beagle]) arranged as a 2 × 2 factorial design. For the transit time study, titanium dioxide (TiO2, 5 g/kg diet) was administered as a pulse dose and total collection of feces was carried out for 50 hr. There was no effect of diet or species on initial Ti recovery time (IRT), the amount of Ti recovered at IRT, or the time to reach 50% of Ti excretion in the feces. Maned wolves had lower total percent recovery (P<0.01) of Ti than dogs and shorter time to last recovery of Ti in the feces (P<0.05), however, marker excretion in the maned wolves may not have been complete. For the digestibility study, in which chromic oxide was used as a marker, fecal samples were collected on 2 consecutive days immediately after 12 days of being fed the diets and then analyzed for dry matter, energy, protein, and minerals. Crude protein, calcium, phosphorus, and zinc apparent digestibilities were unaffected by species or diet (P>0.05). Apparent digestibility of dry matter (P<0.05) and energy (P<0.01) were higher in the experimental diet and in the dogs. Both dogs and maned wolves fed the maintenance diet exhibited a greater apparent retention of copper, iron, and magnesium (P<0.01). Dogs had a higher apparent retention of magnesium and sodium than the maned wolves. Zoo Biol 0:1–13, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vortex shedding behind a square cylinder in transonic flows
Authors: Nakagawa Takeo 
Published: April 2006

This paper is primarily concerned with Mach-number effects on the vortex shedding behind a square cylinder (side length D = 20 mm) in a Reynolds-number range of 0.696 × 105 < Re < 4.137 × 105, and a Mach-number range of 0.1522 < M < 0.9049.Regular periodic vortex shedding is present, irrespective of the appearance of shock waves around a square cylinder. The shape of the vortices is, however, deformed by the shock waves, and each vortex centre becomes non-uniform while the vortex passes through the gap between the upper and lower shock waves. Weak shock waves around the square cylinder do not alter the Strouhal number, but strong shock waves weaken the vortex shedding and increase the Strouhal number suddenly. Acoustic waves have been recorded by the Mach-Zehnder interferometer when the Mach number is close to the critical value. The acoustic waves are generated most strongly at the instant when each vortex hits the foot of the shock waves formed above and below the vortex formation region.From the present work and that of Okajima (1982), it is suggested that the Strouhal number of alternating vortices shed from a square cylinder can be estimated to be about 0.13 in the Reynolds-number range between 102 and 3.4 × 105.
On the stability of elliptical vortex solutions of the shallow-water equations
Authors: Ripa P. 
Published: April 2006

The one-layer reduced gravity (or ‘shallow water’) equations in the f-plane have solutions such that the active layer is horizontally bounded by an ellipse that rotates steadily. In a frame where the height contours are stationary, fluid particles move along similar ellipses with the same revolution period. Both motions (translation along an elliptical path and precession of that orbit) are anticyclonic and their frequencies are not independent; a Rossby number (R0) based on the combination of both of them is bounded by unity. These solutions may be taken, with some optimism, as a model of ocean warm eddies; their stability is studied here for all values of R0 and of the ellipse eccentricity (these two parameters determine uniquely the properties of the solution).Sufficient stability conditions are derived from the integrals of motion; f-plane flows that satisfy them must be either axisymmetric or parallel. For the model vortex, the circular case simply corresponds to a solid-body rotation, and is found to be stable to finite-amplitude perturbations for all values of R0. This includes R0 > ½, which implies an anticyclonic absolute vorticity.The stability of the truly elliptical cases are studied in the normal modes sense. The height perturbation is an n-order polynomial of the horizontal coordinates; the cases for 0 ≤ n ≤ 6 are analysed, for all possible values of the Rossby number and of the eccentricity. All eddies are stable to perturbations with n ≤ 2. (A property of the shallow-water equations, probably related to the last result, is that a general finite-amplitude n-order field is an exact nonlinear solution for n ≤ 2.) Many vortices - noticeably the more eccentric ones - are unstable to perturbations with n ≥ 3; growth rates are O(R02f) where f is the Coriolis parameter.
On the scattering of evanescent waves into sound
Authors: Williams J. E. Ffowcs , Hill D. C. 
Published: April 2006

This paper concerns the conversion of momentum and energy from evanescent surface waves into sound. Exact results are obtained from surface waves of specified form on a confined region of an otherwise rigid plane surface. The model chosen is simple enough for exact analysis while approximating some of what we believe to be significant aspects of sound generation by vibrating surface panels.We find that the evanescent wave approaching an edge gives up all of its energy into sound, a sound which is beamed mainly parallel to the direction of the surface-wave phase velocity. The surface remains energetically inactive, but exerts a force on the fluid in the opposite direction to the incoming wave. This force is balanced by a nonlinear mean pressure gradient in the field of the evanescent wave, and by momentum in the sound field.Sound is also produced when a similar evanescent wave emerges from an edge. The surface has then to provide the necessary energy for both waves. These waves induce a mean axial force at the boundary which forces the fluid in the direction of the receding evanescent wave.A similar wave travelling across a finite panel in the otherwise rigid plane surface is observed to have some characteristics of the previous two cases, but there is no axial force arising from the mean pressure gradient.These results are applied to the problem of a semi-infinite tensioned membrane, and the energy radiation under light fluid loading is determined for the case of high and low free membrane wave speeds.
On the performance of particle tracking
Authors: Agüí Juan C. , Jiménez J. 
Published: April 2006

The sources of error associated with the use of particle-tracking techniques in the measurement of velocity and vorticity fields in moderately three-dimensional turbulent flows are analysed. The two dominant sources of error are the visualisation error, resulting from the limited resolution of the optical data acquisition system, and the sampling error, due to limited particle concentration. Their relative importance is discussed.The performance of the interpolation methods used to translate the measurements from the positions of the particles to an arbitrary point is discussed, and a non-parametric algorithm is given to estimate the errors that arise, using only the available data. The smoothing of the results to produce flow maps of a given statistical significance is also discussed. Finally, the method is validated using simultaneous laser-Doppler velocity measurements.The system is applied to measurements of the near wake of a circular cylinder. Velocity and vorticity maps are provided which throw light on the process by which the large eddies form and relax to their final equilibrium configurations.
The stability of the Couette flow of helium II
Authors: Barenghi C. F. , Jones C. A. 
Published: April 2006

The stability of Couette flow in HeII is considered by an analysis of the HVBK equations. These equations are based on the Landau two-fluid model of HeII and include mutual friction between the normal and superfluid components, and the vortex tension due to the presence of superfluid vortices. We find that the vortex tension strongly affects the nature of the Taylor instability at temperatures below ≈ 2.05 K. The effect of the vortex tension is to make non-axisymmetric modes the most unstable, and to make the critical axial wavelength very long.We compare our results with experiments.
Population‐based study of the relationship between hospital surgical volume and 10‐year survival of breast cancer patients in Osaka, Japan
Authors: Nomura Etsuko , Tsukuma Hideaki , Ajiki Wakiko , Ishikawa Osamu , Oshima Akira 
Published: April 2006

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among Japanese women; however, its outcome has never been analyzed in relation to hospital volume in Japan. We utilized data from the Osaka Cancer Registry for investigating correlations between hospital volume and 10‐year survival of breast cancer patients. According to the total number of surgical procedures of breast cancer in each hospital during the period 1985–1991, we classified reporting hospitals in Osaka into four categories (high, medium, low, very low). The survival analysis was restricted to the 4333 female patients reported who were 30–64 years old, living in Osaka Prefecture (except for Osaka City), and for whom active follow up was available more than 10 years after diagnosis. In total, the relative 10‐year survival was 79.7% in the high‐volume, 80.3% in the medium‐volume, 78.2% in the low‐volume, and 68.2% in the very low‐volume hospitals. After adjustment for age at diagnosis, clinical stage and clues for detection with the Cox regression model, the patients who received care in the very low‐volume hospitals had a significantly higher risk of death than those in the high‐volume hospitals. Meanwhile, no significant differences in risk were observed for the other two categories. These findings led us to conclude that the surgical volume of the hospitals did not affect the 10‐year survival rate significantly, except for the very low‐volume hospitals in Osaka, Japan. However, the study of these relationships should be continued and expanded in future to include quality of life. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97: 618–622)
Cell surface proteoglycan expression during maturation of human monocytes-derived dendritic cells and macrophages
Authors: Wegrowski Y , Milard A-L , Kotlarz G , Toulmonde E , Maquart F-X , Bernard J 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCell surface proteoglycans play an important part in the functional and metabolic behaviour of leucocytes. We studied the expression of cell surface proteoglycans in human monocytes, in monocyte-derived immature and mature dendritic cells and in macrophages by metabolic labelling with [35S]-sulphate, reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR) and Western blotting. Immature dendritic cells had the highest metabolic activity for the synthesis of cell surface proteoglycans. The major part of these proteoglycans was in phosphatidylinositol-anchored form and was released after treatment with phospholipase C. A minor part was released by trypsin. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC and mild HNO2 treatment showed that cell surface proteoglycans had a higher proportion of chondroitin sulphate, both in the phospholipase C and trypsin fractions, suggesting that at least some glypicans contained chondroitin sulphate chains. RT–PCR detected the transcripts of glypicans 1, 3, 4 and 5 and all syndecans. Immature dendritic cells expressed a most complex spectrum of glypicans and syndecans, glypican-1 and syndecan-1 being expressed preferentially by this type of cells. Mature dendritic cells expressed glypican-3, which was not present in other lineages. These results suggest that different mononuclear cells synthesize cell surface proteoglycans actively with characteristic expression of different syndecans and glypicans genes, depending on the degree of cell differentiation and/or maturation.
Relationship between maternal and child cytokine responses to allergen and phytohaemagglutinin 2 years after delivery
Authors: Larsson A-K , Nilsson C , Höglind A , Sverremark-Ekström E , Lilja G , Troye-Blomberg M 
Published: April 2006

Summary
Little is known at present about the relation between parental and child cytokine profiles. In this study we aimed to investigate the cytokine profile of 2-year-old children and their corresponding mothers, 2 years after delivery. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from IgE-sensitized (n = 15) and non-sensitized (n = 58) 2-year-old children and their mothers. The responses to ovalbumin, cat and phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) were investigated using the enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISpot) technique. Interferon (IFN)-γ-, interleukin (IL)-4-, IL-10- and IL-12-producing cells were enumerated. At 2 years of age, IgE-sensitized children exhibited increased numbers of IL-4-producing cells in response to PHA and also showed an increase in IL-10- and IL-12-producing cells to allergen that was more pronounced in response to ovalbumin than to cat. A statistically significant increase in the numbers of IFN-γ-, IL-10- and IL-12-producing cells to the allergens, but not to PHA, was found in the mothers of IgE-sensitized children irrespective of their own atopic status. IgE levels and cytokine responses were correlated between the mothers and their children, indicating that cytokine responses to both allergen and PHA might be governed by genetic factors. We speculate that the increased cytokine response to allergen, as opposed to the allergic status of the mother, might be a better predictor and/or a risk factor for the child to develop IgE-sensitization in early life.
Immunogenetic association and thyroid autoantibodies in juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis in North India
Authors: Kanga U. , Tandon N. , Marwaha R. K. , Khanna R. , Bhattacharya B. , Singh S. , Kumar N. , Mehra N. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryObjectives  Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) encompass a number of conditions that have in common cellular and humoral responses targeting the thyroid gland. Interactions between susceptibility genes and environmental triggers are thought to initiate an autoimmune response to thyroid antigens leading to disease manifestation. Commencement of the disease in childhood leads to the presumption that genetics may have an important role in the causation of the disease.Design  The present study was aimed at evaluating the human leucocyte antigen (HLA) encoded susceptibility to develop juvenile autoimmune thyroiditis (JAT) in patients from North India.Patients  We studied 48 consecutive patients of JAT along with 176 first‐degree relatives for their thyroid function (FT4, TSH) and anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody status (AbTPO).Measurements  HLA studies were carried out using serology for HLA‐class I antigens and DNA analysis of HLA‐class II alleles. The data were compared with a cohort of 308 ethnically matched healthy individuals.Results  We observed overt hypothyroidism in 50% and AbTPO positivity in 70·8% of the index cases. Among the first‐degree relatives, goitre was observed in 51·7%, thyroid dysfunction in 28·4% and AbTPO in 29·5% of individuals. Of the 37 relatives who underwent fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), 60% had evidence of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis (CLT). A strong positive association of HLA‐DRB1*1404 was observed with the JAT (35·4%vs. 10·4%, χ2 = 19·8, Pc = 0·0001). We also observed a higher (72%, P = 0·03) paternal transmission of HLA‐DRB1*1404 to affected offspring in comparison to unaffected offspring. HLA‐DRB1*03 was also increased among JAT patients but did not reach statistical significance.Conclusion  These studies point towards an important role of immune modifying genes, such as HLA, in influencing susceptibility to juvenile‐onset AITD.
Anterior pituitary dysfunction following traumatic brain injury (TBI)
Authors: Agha Amar , Thompson Christopher J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is the commonest cause of death and disability in young adults living in industrialized countries. Several recent studies have convincingly shown that anterior hypopituitarism is a common complication of head trauma with a prevalence of at least 25% among long‐term survivors. This is a much higher frequency than previously thought and suggests that most cases of post‐traumatic hypopituitarism (PTHP) remain undiagnosed and untreated. These findings raise important questions about the potential contribution of PTHP to the high physical and neuropsychiatric morbidity seen in this group of patients. In this review, we examine the published reports on the neuroendocrine abnormalities in TBI patients and highlight new data that give novel insights into the natural history of this disorder. We discuss the potential contribution of PTHP to recovery and rehabilitation after injury and the need for the identification and the appropriate and timely management of hormone deficiencies to optimize patient recovery from head trauma, improve quality of life and avoid the long‐term adverse consequences of untreated hypopituitarism.
Dimensional analysis of the concept of obesity
Authors: Davidson Maryanne , Knafl Kathleen A. 
Published: April 2006

Aim.  The aim of this paper is to explore the evolution of the concept of obesity and to identify variations in its meaning and use from the perspectives of healthcare professionals and Black Americans, Caucasian Americans, and Latino Americans.Background.  Obesity constitutes an emerging global healthcare epidemic. Little convergence is found between the meaning and use of the concept of obesity by healthcare professionals and those they are trying to serve. This lack of convergence points to the need for exploration of the assumptions, use and various meanings associated with this important concept.Method.  The analysis included 20 papers from 18 research studies from the fields of nursing, psychology, epidemiology, medicine, and sociology. Caron and Bowers’ dimensional analysis method guided the analysis.Results.  Eight dimensions were identified: objective measure, attractiveness, sexual desirability, health, body image, strength or goodness, self‐esteem, and social acceptability. Substantial differences in assumptions, use, and meanings of this concept were found within and between the perspectives studied. However, there were insufficient data to fully assess use and meaning of the concept of obesity from the Latino American perspective.Conclusion.  This analysis contributes to the development of an understanding of the meaning and use of the concept of obesity within varied socio‐cultural contexts as well as from a healthcare perspective. Culture was found to play a significant role in how obesity is understood by the individual.
IscR‐dependent gene expression links iron‐sulphur cluster assembly to the control of O2‐regulated genes in Escherichia coli
Authors: Giel Jennifer L. , Rodionov Dmitry , Liu Mingzhu , Blattner Frederick R. , Kiley Patricia J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIscR is an iron‐sulphur (Fe‐S) cluster‐containing transcription factor that represses transcription of the operon containing its own gene and the iscSUA‐hscBA‐fdx genes, whose products are involved in Fe‐S cluster biogenesis. In this study, global transcriptional profiling of Escherichia coli IscR+ and IscR– strains grown under aerobic and anaerobic conditions indicated that 40 genes in 20 predicted operons were regulated by IscR. DNase I footprinting and/or in vitro transcription reactions identified seven new promoters under direct IscR control. Among these were genes encoding known or proposed functions in Fe‐S cluster biogenesis (sufABCDSE, yadR and yhgI) and Fe‐S cluster‐containing anaerobic respiratory enzymes (hyaABCDEF, hybOABCDEFG and napFDAGHBC). The finding that IscR repressed expression of the hyaA, hybO and napF promoters specifically under aerobic growth conditions suggests a new mechanism to explain their upregulation under anaerobic growth conditions. Phylogenetic footprinting of the DNase I protected regions of seven promoters implies that there are at least two different classes of IscR binding sites conserved among many bacteria. The findings presented here indicate a more general role of IscR in the regulation of Fe‐S cluster biogenesis and that IscR contributes to the O2 regulation of several promoters controlling the expression of anaerobic Fe‐S proteins.