bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The paleohydrological context of the Iron Age floodplain sites of the Mun River Valley, Northeast Thailand1
Authors: McGrath R. J. , Boyd W. E. , Bush R. T. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMany Iron Age sites on the flood plain of the Mun River in northeast Thailand are encircled by channels commonly known as “moats.” Also, the sites are closely associated with complex paleochannels of the river. A comparison between the seemingly human‐constructed moats and paleochannels provided an opportunity to assess the relationship between prehistoric human settlement and paleohydrological conditions. In this study, the results of physical, sedimentological, and geochemical analyses are used to characterize sediments deposited within the channels around the Iron Age site of Ban Non Wat and within a paleochannel at nearby Ban Non Ngiu. This allowed us to test the results of previous research that has suggested significant changes in the floodplain hydrology and the geoarchaeologically important conclusion that Iron Age human activity was associated with one particular paleohydrological phase. Our analyses broadly confirm the results of previous stratigraphic studies, but add detail regarding sedimentation processes. The evidence indicates that there are significant sedimentological differences within the complex of archaeological channel features, differences that provide critical evidence for the formation and sedimentation processes of the channels. More importantly, comparison between the archaeological features and the natural channel fills highlights the relationships between the archaeological sites and landscape. Drawing also on previously published chronological, geomorphological, and stratigraphical data, it is possible to place the sites into a floodplain hydrological regime that may have been unique to the Iron Age. Specifically, the moats may have been constructed in response to enhanced water availability on the floodplain. The sites, therefore, may reflect a human response to increased availability of water beyond the main river channels. This water supply, however, appears to have been short‐lived (centuries at most), and with its loss, the human adaptation to this enhanced natural resource became unviable. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effective connectivity of the left BA 44, BA 45, and inferior temporal gyrus during lexical and phonological decisions identified with DCM
Authors: Heim Stefan , Eickhoff Simon B. , Ischebeck Anja K. , Friederici Angela D. , Stephan Klaas E. , Amunts Katrin 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDistinct regions in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) preferentially support the processing of different word‐types (e.g., real words, pseudowords) and tasks (e.g., lexical decisions, phonological decisions) in visual word recognition. However, the functional connectivity underlying the task‐related specialisation of regions in the left IFG is not yet well understood. In this study we investigated the neural mechanisms driving the interaction of WORD‐TYPE (real word vs. pseudoword) and TASK (lexical vs. phonological decision) in Brodmann's area (BA) 45 in the left IFG using dynamic causal modelling (DCM). Four different models were compared, all of which included left BA44, left BA45, and left inferior temporal gyrus (ITG). In each model, the visual presentation of words and pseudowords is assumed to directly evoke activity in the ITG and is then thought to be subsequently propagated to BA45 and to BA44 via direct intrinsic connections. The models differed with regard to which connections were modulated by the different tasks. Both tasks were assumed to either modulate the ITG_BA45 connection (Model #1), or the BA44_BA45 connection (Model #2), or both connections in parallel (Model #3). In Model #4 lexical decisions modulated the ITG_BA45 connection, whereas phonological decisions modulated the BA44_BA45 connection. Bayesian model selection revealed a superiority of Model #1. In this model, the strength of the ITG_BA45 connection was enhanced during lexical decisions. This model is in line with the hypothesis that left BA 45 supports explicit lexical decisions during visual word recognition based on lexical access in the ITG. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Task‐relevance and temporal synchrony between tactile and visual stimuli modulates cortical activity and motor performance during sensory‐guided movement
Authors: Meehan Sean K. , Staines W. Richard 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSensory‐guided movements require the analysis and integration of task‐relevant sensory inputs from multiple modalities. This article sought to: (1) assess effects of intermodal temporal synchrony upon modulation of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) during continuous sensorimotor transformations, (2) identify cortical areas sensitive to temporal synchrony, and (3) provide further insight into the reduction of S1 activity during continuous vibrotactile tracking previously observed by our group (Meehan and Staines 2007: Brain Res 1138:148–158). Functional MRI was acquired while participants received simultaneous bimodal (visuospatial/vibrotactile) stimulation and continuously tracked random changes in one modality, by applying graded force to a force‐sensing resistor. Effects of intermodal synchrony were investigated, unbeknownst to the participants, by varying temporal synchrony so that sensorimotor transformations dictated by the distracter modality either conflicted (low synchrony) or supplemented (high synchrony) those of the target modality. Temporal synchrony differentially influenced tracking performance dependent upon tracking modality. Physiologically, synchrony did not influence S1 activation; however, the insula and superior temporal gyrus were influenced regardless of tracking modality. The left temporal‐parietal junction demonstrated increased activation during high synchrony specific to vibrotactile tracking. The superior parietal lobe and superior temporal gyrus demonstrated increased activation during low synchrony specific to visuospatial tracking. As previously reported, vibrotactile tracking resulted in decreased S1 activation relative to when it was task‐irrelevant. We conclude that while temporal synchrony is represented at higher levels than S1, interactions between inter‐ and intramodal mechanisms determines sensory processing at the level of S1. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The significances of lymph node micrometastasis and its correlation with E‐cadherin expression in pT1‐T3N0 gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kim Jong‐Han , Park Joong‐Min , Jung Cheol‐Woong , Park Sung‐Soo , Kim Seung‐Joo , Mok Young‐Jae , Kim Chong‐Suk , Chae Yang‐Suk , Bae Jeoung‐Won 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundRecently, micrometastasis (MM) in the lymph node in gastric cancer has been detected by cytokeratin immunostaining. However, clinical significance of MM and its relationship with reduced expression of E‐cadherin in primary lesion have not been well studied.MethodsThe 4,990 lymph nodes from 184 pT1∼T3N0 patients from 1995 to 2000 at Korea University Hospital were immunostained with the anticytokeratin AE1/3 antibody for detection of micometastasis. The primary lesions were also immunostained for E‐cadherin expression.ResultsMM in the lymph node of gastric cancer was found in 131 (2.6%) of total dissected nodes, and 31 of 184 patients (16.8%) were shown to have MM. The MM was significantly correlated with the depth of invasion, tumor size, operation method, Lauren classification, lymphovascular invasion and loss of E‐cadherin expression in primary tumor. On multivariate analysis, the independent risk factors for MM were the depth of invasion and loss of E‐cadherin expression. The patients with MM had significantly lower 5‐year overall and disease free survival rate than those without MM.ConclusionLymph node MM in histologically node‐negative gastric cancer was significantly correlated with poor 5‐year survival rate. The determination of E‐cadherin expression in primary gastric tumor may be useful in prediction of the MM. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:125–130. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor size: A non‐neglectable independent prognostic factor for gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Xi , Wan Fei , Pan Jun , Yu Guan‐Zhen , Chen Ying , Wang Jie‐Jun 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesThe role of tumor size should not be neglected in the management of gastric cancer and its prognostic value needs precise reevaluation.MethodsThe survival data of 513 patients who underwent radical resection between 2000 and 2005 were collected retrospectively. Tumor size, measured as the maximum diameter of tumor, was categorized into four subgroups (≤2, ≤3, ≤5, >5 cm) using the method of minimizing the estimated average expected distance (AED) objective function. The prognostic value of tumor size and the correlation between tumor size and other clinicopathologic factors were investigated.ResultsIn multivariate analysis, status of lymph nodes (P < 0.001), depth of invasion (P < 0.001), type of resection (P = 0.004), age (P = 0.008), tumor size (P = 0.014), and perioperative blood transfusion (P = 0.034) were confirmed as independent prognostic predictors for patients with gastric cancer. Log linear model suggested that the status of lymph nodes and the depth of invasion associated with the tumor size significantly.ConclusionsThe tumor size is a non‐neglectable independent prognostic factor for patients with gastric cancer and more attention should be paid to its role in the management of gastric cancer. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:236–240. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of proteoglycan surface patterning on neuronal pathfinding
Authors: Hlady V. , Hodgkinson G. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractProtein micropatterning techniques are increasingly applied in cell choice assays to investigate fundamental biological phenomena that contribute to the host response to implanted biomaterials, and to explore the effects of protein stability and biological activity on cell behavior for in vitro cell studies. In the area of neuronal regeneration the protein micropatterning and cell choice assays are used to improve our understanding of the mechanisms directing nervous system during development and regenerative failure in the central nervous system (CNS) wound healing environment. In these cell assays, protein micropatterns need to be characterized for protein stability, bioactivity, and spatial distribution and then correlated with observed mammalian cell behavior using appropriate model system for CNS development and repair. This review provides the background on protein micropatterning for cell choice assays and describes some novel patterns that were developed to interrogate neuronal adaptation to inhibitory signals encountered in CNS injuries.
Aspects of BMP‐2 binding to receptors and collagen: Influence of cell senescence on receptor binding and absence of high‐affinity stoichiometric binding to collagen.
Authors: Laub M. , Chatzinikolaidou M. , Jennissen H. P. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOn the basis of their osteoinductive properties bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are used today in clinical therapy such as the treatment of spinal disorders or healing defects in tibia fractures. A major biochemical function of these molecules is their binding to a large number of other proteins to fulfil their biological role. Two of these BMP‐binding proteins are the cellular BMP‐receptor and the collagen molecule which has been implicated as a specific BMP binding protein from the beginning of BMP‐2 research. These two molecules are the subject of this paper. In receptor binding one must distinguish between the binding function (θ) and the state function (r). The binding function describes the equilibrium between effector (e.g. BMP‐2) and the receptor, whereas the state function describes the change in receptor activation elicted by the effector resulting in downstream effects such as the induction of alkaline phosphatase. In studies on the state function of rhBMP‐2 binding to MC3T3‐E1 cells it will be shown that the binding affinity of the receptor decreases fivefold in a highly significant manner (p <0.0002, n = 10, duplicate assays) with the serial passage number from 1.7 ± 0.3 nM as measured with passage 5 cells to 8.9 ± 1.5 nM as measured with passage 10 cells. Since the serial passage model of MC3T3‐E1 cells is a model of senescence it is concluded that the affinity of the rhBMP‐2 receptor interaction decreases with senescence i.e. age. This may have important consequences for the age dependent dosage of rhBMP‐2 in the clinic. In a second series of experiments it will be shown that contrary to widespread belief, BMP‐2 does not show a high affinity stoichiometric binding to collagen as measured by affinity chromatography on collagen Sepharose and in solution by gel filtration. A review of the literature and evaluation of binding stoichiometry, interestingly supported our finding since the calculated stoichiomerties indicate a binding of 10‐3 to 10‐4 mol BMP/mol tropocollagen. It is suggested that collagen is substituted by porous calcium phosphates and metals as carriers for BMP applications.
Preparation and thermal properties of a novel UV‐cured star polyurethane acrylate coating
Authors: Chen Xilei , Hu Yuan , Song Lei , Jiao Chao 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA novel star polyurethane acrylate (SPUA) used for UV‐curable coating was prepared from 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate, 2‐hydroxyethyl arcylate, and hexakis(2‐hydroxyethyl)melamine, and characterized using FTIR, 1H‐NMR, and elemental analysis. Its UV curing behaviors investigated via FTIR clearly indicated that this monomer could be cured rapidly at air atmosphere. The conversion of the unsaturated bond of the cured monomer sample is near to 72% after exposed under UV light for 40 sec. The hardness, flexibility, and mechanical properties of the cured film were also investigated. The thermal stability of the cured film was studied using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and real time Fourier transform infrared (RTFTIR). Results showed that this oligomer has some superior properties and can be used for UV curing coating. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bone marrow‐derived myofibroblasts contribute functionally to scar formation after myocardial infarction
Authors: van Amerongen MJ , Bou‐Gharios G , Popa ER , van Ark J , Petersen AH , van Dam GM , van Luyn MJA , Harmsen MC 
Published: December 2007

AbstractMyofibroblasts play a major role in scar formation during wound healing after myocardial infarction (MI). Their origin has been thought to be interstitial cardiac fibroblasts. However, the bone marrow (BM) can be a source of myofibroblasts in a number of organs after injury. We have studied the temporal, quantitative and functional role of BM‐derived (BMD) myofibroblasts in myocardial scar formation. MI was induced by permanent coronary artery ligation in mice reconstituted with EGFP or pro‐Col1A2 transgenic BM. In the latter, luciferase and β‐galactosidase transgene expression mirrors that of the endogenous pro‐collagen 1A2 gene, which allows for functional assessment of the recruited cells. After MI, α‐SMA‐positive myofibroblasts and collagen I gradually increased in the infarct area until day 14 and remained constant afterwards. Numerous EGFP‐positive BMD cells were present during the first week post‐MI, and gradually decreased afterwards until day 28. Peak numbers of BMD myofibroblasts, co‐expressing EGFP and α‐SMA, were found on day 7 post‐MI. An average of 21% of the BMD cells in the infarct area were myofibroblasts. These cells constituted up to 24% of all myofibroblasts present. By in vivo IVIS® imaging, BMD myofibroblasts were found to be active for collagen I production and their presence was confined to the infarct area. These results show that BMD myofibroblasts participate actively in scar formation after MI. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Substituent effect study on 13Cβ SCS of styrene series. A Yukawa–Tsuno model and Reynolds dual substituent parameter model investigation
Authors: Saleh Basil A. , Al‐Shawi Sabih A. , Fadhil Ghazwan F. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe Yukawa–Tsuno (Y–T) and Reynolds dual substituent parameter (DSP) models have been used to model 13C substituent chemical shift (SCS) of the Cβ atom of 19 series of para‐substituted styrenes (X‐C6H4CRCYW) with variable electronic and structural demands in the side‐chain. The best fit of the Y–T model was better than that of the Reynolds DSP model for most of the studied series. A high correlation was found between the ρ value of the Y–T model and ρF value of the Reynolds DSP model. The ρ value, which reflects the sensitivity of 13Cβ SCS to the substituent field effect, was found to be influenced by the group W on the Cβ atom. A W group that enhances the para‐substituent π‐polarization of the side‐chain has a higher ρ value than its counterpart W groups that induce counter π‐polarization in the side‐chain. The series with W in an E‐configuration to the aryl ring has higher ρ value than corresponding Z series. A lower ρ value is observed when W induces a counter π‐polarization of the side‐chain (as with NO2 and COMe) or when the R substituent imposes a 65° dihedral angle between the side‐chain and the para‐substituted benzene ring (as with t‐Bu). When the W group is a heterocyclic ring, the closer the heteroatom is to Cβ, the lower the ρ value is due to the greater counter π‐polarization. The two components of the substituent effect on 13C
β SCS, namely the field effect and resonance effect, behave inversely. The resonance demand (r+ value) increases, as the Y and/or W groups become more electron‐withdrawing (EW). The series with W as a hetrocyclic ring develop negative charge at the carbon atom of the hetrocyclic ring adjacent to Cβ (and to which the styryl moiety is attached) and has a lower r+ value than those which fail to do so. The lowest r+ value was for those series with a 65° dihedral angle. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lack of the neighboring group rate effect in solvolytic reactions that proceed via participation
Authors: Jurić Sandra , Kronja Olga 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn order to investigate the influence of solvent polarity on the rate effect of double bonds in reactions that proceed via an extended π‐participation mechanism, the solvolysis rates (kU) of the benzyl chloride derivative 1 and tertiary chloride 2 that have doubly unsaturated side chains were measured in absolute ethanol, 80% v/v. aq. ethanol and 97% wt. aq. trifluoroethanol. The rates of the corresponding saturated analogs 1S and 2S (kS) were measured in 80% aq. ethanol and 97% wt. aq. trifluoroethanol, while those in pure ethanol were calculated according to LFER equation log k = sf (Ef + Nf). In solvents with moderate ionizing power (ethanol and 80% aq. ethanol) the expected rate effects were obtained (kU/kS>1), while in solvent with high ionizing power (2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol) absence of the rate effect was observed (kU/kS≈1), indicating that in the kS process the solvation of the transition state is very important, while in kΔ process the breaking of the CCl bond is not appreciably developed in the transition state and the solvent effect is marginal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ultra‐high molecular weight poly(ε‐caprolactone) by means of diphenyl bismuth bromide
Authors: Kricheldorf Hans R. , Behnken Gesa , Schwarz Gert 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDiphenyl bismuth bromide (Ph2BiBr) allows for polymerizations of ε‐caprolactone in bulk at temperatures as low as 40 °C. Time conversion curves indicate a lower reactivity than tin(II) 2‐ethyl hexanoate (SnOct2) plus alcohol at 120 °C and also at 60 °C. Ph2BiBr also proved to be less reactive than Ph2BiOEt, but more reactive than BiBr3 and Bi(III)n‐hexanoate. Small amounts (≤1 wt %) of cyclic oligoester were detectable by MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry even at a polymerization temperature of 40 °C. The molar masses depend on the monomer–initiator ratio (M/I) but not in a simple parallel manner. With M/I = 600/1 number average molecular weights (Mns, corrected values) around 500 kDa were obtained. Even at low M/Is high molar mass polylactones were found and CH2Br endgroups were not detectable. However, upon addition of tetra(ethylene glycol) the coinitiator was completely incorporated yielding telechelic polylactones and the molar mass increased with the monomer–coinitiator ratio. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 851–859, 2008
Nucleation of gold nanoparticles on latex particle surfaces
Authors: Kim Hyungsoo , Daniels Eric S. , Dimonie Victoria L. , Klein Andrew 
Published: December 2007

AbstractGold particles were nucleated on functionalized (i.e., sulfonate or imidazole groups) latex particle surfaces. Gold ions were associated with the functional groups present on the surface of the latex particles by metal‐ligand formation and were then reduced to nucleate gold particles on the particle surface. The use of imidazole groups favored the metal‐ligand formation more effectively compared with sulfonic acid groups, so gold nucleation was investigated on the surface of imidazole‐functionalized model latex particles. The desorption of gold atoms or their surface migration first occurred during the reduction process and then gold nanoparticles were nucleated. The utilization of strong reductants, such as NaBH4 and dimethylamine borane (DMAB) under mildly acidic conditions (i.e., pH 4) led to the deprotonation of imidazole‐rich polymer chains present on the surface of the model latex particles followed by deswelling of hydrophilic polymer surface layers. As a result, well‐dispersed gold nanoparticles were embedded in the hydrophilic polymer surface. On the other hand, the use of weak reductants led to the formation of localized gold aggregates on the surface of the latex particles. The removal of residual styrene monomer is very important because gold ions can be coordinated with the vinyl groups present in styrene monomer and would then be reduced by nucleophilic water addition. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 912–925, 2008
The effects of solvent type and aging on structural development in poly(vinyl chloride) thermoreversible gels
Authors: Hwang Minkyu , Yang Hoichang , Park Sanghyun , Lee Dae Ho , Cho Kilwon 
Published: December 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effects of solvent type (mono‐ester vs. di‐ester solvent) and aging on the structural development in the poly(vinyl chloride)/butyl benzoate (PVC/BB) and PVC/dibutyl phthalate(DBP) gels, as well as on their viscoelastic and mechanical behaviors. It was found that aged PVC/DBP gels held at RT for 7 days exhibit an improvement of about 100% in storage modulus (G′) compared to fresh gels, with a sudden drop in G′ around 50 °C, whereas the storage moduli of the PVC/BB gels decrease monotonically with temperature, irrespective of the postaging time. These different behaviors of the PVC/BB and PVC/DBP gels arise mainly because of the difference in the network structure produced by the formation of the polymer‐solvent complex between the CO groups of the solvent and the polarized hydrogen moieties of PVC, as was confirmed with small angle X‐ray scattering and uniaxial tensile experiments. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 263–271, 2008