bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Long‐term prediction by DNA methylation of high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Results of the ARTISTIC cohort
Authors: Gilham Clare , Nedjai Belinda , Scibior‐Bentkowska Dorota , Reuter Caroline , Banwait Rawinder , Brentnall Adam R. , Cuzick Jack , Peto Julian , Lorincz Attila T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMethylation markers have shown potential for triaging high‐risk HPV‐positive (hrHPV+) women to identify those at increased risk of invasive cervical cancer (ICC). Our aim was to assess the performance of the S5 DNA methylation classifier for predicting incident high‐grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and ICC among hrHPV+ women in the ARTISTIC screening trial cohort. The S5 classifier, comprising target regions of tumour suppressor gene EPB41L3 and L1 and L2 regions of HPV16, HPV18, HPV31, and HPV33, was assayed by pyrosequencing in archived hrHPV+ liquid‐based samples from 343 women with high‐grade disease (139 CIN2, 186 CIN3, and 18 ICC) compared to 800 hrHPV+ controls. S5 DNA methylation correlated directly with increasing severity of disease and inversely with lead time to diagnosis. S5 could discriminate between hrHPV+ women who developed CIN3 or ICC and hrHPV+ controls (p <.0001) using samples taken on average 5 years before diagnosis. This relationship was independent of cytology at baseline. The S5 test showed much higher sensitivity than HPV16/18 genotyping for identifying prevalent CIN3 (93% vs. 61%, p = .01) but lower specificity (50% vs. 66%, p <.0001). The S5 classifier identified most women at high risk of developing precancer and missed very few prevalent advanced lesions thus appearing to be an objective test for triage of hrHPV+ women. The combination of methylation of host and HPV genes enables S5 to combine the predictive power of methylation with HPV genotyping to identify hrHPV‐positive women who are at highest risk of developing CIN3 and ICC in the future.
Skin lesion classification based on hybrid self‐supervised pretext task
Authors: Yang Dedong , Zhang Jianwen , Li Yangyang , Ling Zhiquan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe combination of observation of skin lesion and digital image technology contributes to the diagnosis and treatment of skin diseases. To solve the problems of large variation of target size and shape in skin disease images, small difference between disease images and normal images, and difficulty of label acquisition, we propose a classification algorithm for skin lesion based on hybrid self‐supervised pretext tasks. We combine the discriminative self‐supervised relational reasoning task with the generative self‐supervised mutual information maximization task and design the loss function. Experiments show that the generative‐discriminative self‐supervised co‐training algorithm can identify images with small differences and learn discriminative features and achieve a classification accuracy of 82.6% on the DermaMNIST dataset.
Integrating learners into research and quality improvement projects: A joint opinion of the Adult Medicine and Education and Training Practice Research Networks of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy
Authors: Steuber Taylor D. , Gonzalez Jimmy , Isaacs Alex N. , Kelley Kristi W. , Nisly Sarah A. , Szwak Jennifer A. , Hong Lisa , Howard Meredith L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractResearch plays a vital role in advancing the pharmacy profession and improving patient care. It is a fundamental skill for learners to develop during their training under guided mentorship. Incorporating learners into research and quality improvement (QI) projects can yield numerous benefits for the learner, mentor, and institution. Despite this, there are barriers to integrating learners into research and QI projects which may stem from institutions and individuals. To ensure success when engaging in the research process, strategies centered around clear communication and illustrating the value should be implemented. Successful research programs require planning strategically, setting clear expectations, providing mentorship, and remaining adaptable to overcome barriers encountered during the process. The purpose of this paper is to discuss barriers to incorporating learners into research and QI projects and provide both mentors and learners strategies, tips and examples for success with perspectives and opinions from the American College of Clinical Pharmacy Adult Medicine and Education and Training Practice Research Networks.
Research on oil recovery of oily sludge by subcritical/supercritical hydrothermal upgrading
Authors: Duan Yuanwang , Wang Shuzhong , He Chao , Zhang Fan , Wang Yulong , Li Yanhui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDSub/supercritical hydrothermal treatment is a promising technology for efficient resource utilization and complete harmlessness of oily sludge, which is significant for promoting the green and sustainable development of the petroleum industry. In this paper, the effects of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, reaction time and oil content on oil recovery and oil quality (composition, desulfurization and denitrification, and heavy metal content) are studied in detail.RESULTSIt was found that the temperature was the most critical parameter, and the optimal process conditions were 350°C, 20 MPa, 60 min and 12 wt% oil content, under which the oil recovery rate could reach 70.46%. The content of N and S in the recovered oil could be as low as 0.87 and 0.536 wt%, and the ratio of H/C was higher than 1.6.CONCLUSIONIt was found that reaction temperature had the most significant effect on oil recovery compared with other reaction parameters. Heavy metals are transferred from the oil phase to the water and solid phases, so the content of heavy metals in the oil phase is up to standard. The experiment shows that supercritical water heat treatment of oily sludge is feasible, which makes possible the commercial application of sub/supercritical water thermal oil collection technology. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).
Resurgence of human respiratory syncytial virus during COVID‐19 pandemic in Southern Brazil
Authors: Fröhlich Guilherme C. , Gregianini Tatiana S. , Pinheiro Felipe G. , Nascimento Rodrigo , Cezar Thiago M. , Pscheidt Veridiane M. , Selayaran Tainá , Martins Letícia G. , Gomes Marcelo Ferreira da Costa , Salvato Richard S. , Pereira Elisa C. , Guimarães‐Ribeiro Victor , Scalioni Letícia de Paula , Siqueira Marilda M. , Resende Paola C. , Veiga Ana B. G. ,   LACEN‐RS Team
Published: March 2024

AbstractRespiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an important cause of respiratory infection in humans. Severe cases are common in children ≤2 years old, immunocompromised individuals, and the elderly. In 2020, RSV infection reduced in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), southern Brazil; however, in 2021 resurgence of RSV was observed. This study analyzed epidemiological and genetic features of RSV infection cases reported in 2021 in RS. Nasopharyngeal samples collected from individuals with respiratory infection negative for SARS‐CoV‐2, Influenza A and B viruses were assessed for the presence of RSV by real time RT‐qPCR. RSV‐A and RSV‐B genomic sequencing and phylogenetic reconstructions were performed for genotyping and clade characterization. Among 21,035 respiratory samples analyzed, 2,947 were positive for RSV, 947 of which were hospitalized patients. Positive cases were detected year‐round, with the highest number in June–July (winter). Children <1 year comprised 56.28% (n = 533) of the hospitalized patients infected with RSV, whereas 14.46% (n = 137) were individuals >60 years. Of a total of 361 deaths, 14.68% (n = 53) were RSV positive, mostly patients >60 years old (73.58%, n = 39). Chronic kidney disease, cardiopathy, Down syndrome and neurological diseases were associated with RSV infection. RSV‐A was identified in 58.5% (n = 117/200) of the patients, and RSV‐B in 41.5% (n = 83/200). Of 95 RSV genomes recovered from SARI cases, 66 were RSV‐A GA.2.3.5 genotype, while 29 were RSV‐B GB.5.0.5a genotype. This study provides epidemiological and molecular data on RSV cases in RS during the COVID‐19 pandemic and highlights that investigation of different respiratory viruses is essential for decision‐making and disease prevention and control measures.
Interhemispheric propagation of seasonal sea surface temperature fluctuations over the western Pacific in CMIP6
Authors: Wei Tian , Sun Cheng , Guo Zijing , Lou Wei , Song Zichen , Shi Linfeng , Dong Menghao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInterannual sea surface temperature (SST) variability in the western Pacific is a critical research topic in climate change, as it can significantly impact regional and global weather patterns. Previous observational studies have shown that SST in the southwestern Pacific (SWP) can effectively serve as a precursor signal for SST in the western tropical Pacific (WTP). In this study, we evaluate and compare the modelling capabilities of 32 CMIP6 models to simulate the relationship between SWP and WTP SST. The results indicate that while some CMIP6 models can simulate the spatial connection and physical processes between the SWP and WTP, there are significant intermodel differences. Specifically, the models that best simulate the cross‐equatorial propagation of SWP SST anomalies are those that accurately simulate the cross‐equatorial wind anomalies induced by SWP SST anomalies, highlighting the key role of wind‐evaporation‐SST feedback in SST propagation. Further analysis reveals that the intermodel spread in cross‐equatorial SST propagation is attributable to model biases in simulating climatological SST and wind speed. Models with warm climatological equatorial SST and strong wind speeds provide favourable conditions for the cross‐equatorial propagation of SWP‐related SST anomalies towards the north. Warm SST and strong inter‐season wind speeds near the equator facilitate the northward propagation of the SWP warm signal, leading to increased warming in the WTP.
Monitoring soil organic carbon under coastal restoration using time series Sentinel‐1
Authors: Yang Ren‐Min , Huang Lai‐Ming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSalt marsh soils are key reservoirs of organic carbon. Although the potential for using Sentinel‐1 data to estimate organic carbon in marsh soils has been recognized, there is still a need to find suitable proxies and effective algorithms that enhance predictions. In this study, we assessed the effectiveness of Sentinel‐1 data for predicting soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in salt marshes located on the coast of eastern‐central China. We defined the relations between SOC stocks and remotely sensed data using a knowledge‐based approach (i.e., structural equation modeling (SEM)), and the results were compared with those obtained using a common data‐driven approach (i.e., random forest (RF)). Predictive models were developed using (1) refined images associated with phenological stages (phenological variables), (2) refined images that were classified as statistically important using Monte Carlo feature selection (MCFS‐based variables), and (3) images from the combination of these refined datasets. The predictions were validated using a leave‐one‐out cross‐validation approach. The results showed that SEM was more accurate than RF when predicting SOC stocks using the same type of predictor variables. Models using phenological variables alone yielded the least accurate predictions. Adding phenological variables to the structural equation model with MCFS‐based variables increased the prediction accuracy by 36% in terms of the R2. The results of the case study suggest that images related to phenological stages are good predictors for mapping SOC stocks in marshes. This study highlights the superiority of SEM over RF for developing effective remote sensing‐based models to quantify and map SOC stocks in salt marshes.
Combined effect of warming, nutrients, and species pool size on the seasonal variability of phytoplankton composition: A modeling perspective
Authors: Pálffy Károly , Smeti Evangelia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe anticipated long‐term rise in temperature can have numerous effects on freshwater phytoplankton, however, there is a great deal of uncertainty about how biogeochemical processes modify community functioning under a warming climate. Previous works regarding a large shallow lake and a mesocosm study showed a positive relationship between the temporal variability of phytoplankton composition and mean temperature, which might be a sign of warming‐stimulated instability in ecosystem processes. To elucidate whether these observations are part of a more general phenomenon, we combined a numerical model describing the dependence of algal growth on temperature and nutrient concentration with a multispecies, multi‐nutrient model. We ran simulations representative of changes in phytoplankton communities with randomized initial species composition under different temperature scenarios (current annual temperature pattern increased with 1°C, 2°C, or 3°C), various levels of nitrogen and phosphorus supply and different degrees of temporal variability in those supplies. The model outputs showed that seasonal variability in composition can be enhanced by warming through the mechanistic links between nutrient availability, temperature, and species‐specific growth rates, but the rate of increase is also dependent on nutrient ratios and the size of the species pool. Moreover, temporal variability in nutrient loads also enhanced compositional variability, but the rate of increase also depended on the level of nutrient supply. The results of our study hint that the impact of climate change and eutrophication on phytoplankton dynamics can be more intricate than spatiotemporally limited field or experimental observations would suggest.
Erbium: YAG laser treatment efficacy and association with histologic features for giant congenital melanocytic nevi management
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Zou Yun , Chen Hui , Rao Yamin , Lin Xiaoxi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundLimited research exists on laser treatment of giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN).ObjectiveWe sought to elucidate the efficacy of the Erbium: YAG laser on GCMN and the histologic factors associated with a positive clinical response.Methods and MaterialsBetween 2019 and 2022, we enrolled 30 medium‐to‐giant CMN patients who underwent Er: YAG laser treatment. All patients received biopsies before and after laser treatments. Clinical efficacy outcomes were evaluated by the investigator's global assessment (IGA), 5‐point scale of depigmentation, and Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) scores at least 6 months after treatment.ResultsOf the 30 cases, 18 (60.0%) showed improvement (IGA score ≥3). Eight (26.7%) patients showed repigmentation. Eight (26.7%) patients developed hypertrophic scars. The average IGA, depigmentation, and VSS scores were 2.93, 3.57, and 3.20. The IGA score was higher (3.24 ± 1.18 vs. 2.22 ± 0.97, p = 0.031) and a lower repigmentation rate (14.3% vs. 55.6%, p = 0.032) was observed in the cases with Grenz zone. The IGA score was higher (3.33 ± 1.24 vs. 2.13 ± 0.89, p = 0.023) and the repigmentation rate was lower (11.1% vs. 50.0%, p = 0.034) also in the cases with the melanocytes nests with aggregation of melanin. Lesions with superficial ablation resulted in less hypertrophic scar formation than those with deep ablation (5.9% vs. 53.8%, p < 0.05).ConclusionThe Er: YAG laser demonstrated effective clinical results for GCMNs. The grenz zone and the melanocytes nests with aggregation of melanin are promising predictors of laser efficacy.
Relevant Aspects of Combined Protocols for Prevention of N(M)AFLD and Other Non‐Communicable Diseases
Authors: Videla Luis A. , Valenzuela Rodrigo , Zúñiga‐Hernández Jessica , del Campo Andrea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObesity is a global health issue characterized by the excessive fat accumulation, leading to an increased risk of chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), including metabolic dysfunction‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which can progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are no approved pharmacological protocols for prevention/treatment of MAFLD, and due the complexity lying beneath these mechanisms, monotherapies are unlikely to be efficacious. This review article analyzes the possibility that NCDs can be prevented or attenuated by the combination of bioactive substances, as they could promote higher response rates, maximum reaction results, additive or synergistic effects due to compounds having similar or different mechanisms of action and/or refraining possible side effects, related to the use of lower doses and exposures times than monotherapies. Accordingly, prevention of mouse MAFLD is observed with the combination of the omega‐3 docosahexaenoic acid with the antioxidant hydroxytyrosol, whereas attenuation of mild cognitive impairment is attained by folic acid plus cobalamin in elderly patients. The existence of several drawbacks underlying published monotherapies or combined trials, opens space for adequate and stricter experimental and clinical tryouts to achieve meaningful outcomes with human applicability.
Assessment of Performance and Deactivation Resistance of Catalysts in the Pyrolysis of Polyethylene and Post‐Consumer Polyolefin Waste
Authors: Mesquita Katiane de Jesus , Pinto José Carlos , Pacheco Henrique Poltronieri 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn the present work, the catalyst performances of USY and REY zeolites and MgO, ZnO, and MgxAlOy oxides are investigated in the pyrolysis of virgin high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and of post‐consumer polyolefin waste. The influence of operation parameters and catalyst deactivation resistance over four reaction cycles are evaluated. The results indicate that basic oxides do not show relevant cracking activity, so that the only identified effect for these catalysts is the production of liquid products with higher contents of paraffins when compared to thermal pyrolysis. Among the evaluated oxides, MgxAlOy is the most active and resistant to deactivation. The zeolites promote cracking and secondary reactions of isomerization, cyclization, and aromatization. Particularly, USY promotes the production of higher‐quality oils and shows higher deactivation resistance, when compared to REY. Additionally, a significant loss of catalyst activity is identified in reactions conducted with post‐consumer polyolefin wastes. However, increase in rates of coke formation and the presence of contaminants (such as halogens and metals) are not detected in the catalysts after the reactions.
Policy research institutes’ role in the development of evidence for evidence‐based policymaking in the United States
Authors: Burkhauser Richard V. , Burkhauser Susan V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPolicy research institutes in the United States play an important role in the creation of evidence for evidence‐based policymaking. This is the case with respect to their advocacy for the gathering and broad dissemination of “Big Data” and in the publication of policy analysis in the academic literature using these data. But they play a much more significant role, via non‐refereed working papers, in predicting the possible behavioral and distributional consequences of currently proposed policies being considered by the executive and legislative branches of government. Historically, however, policy research institutes, both inside and outside the Beltway, have also played a less understood role. This role is the nurturing of those mostly academic‐based economists who, as members of the Council of Economic Advisers, eventually end up advising presidents of the United States and their staff on the state of economic knowledge regarding the economic problems these policymakers are called to solve via evidence‐based policymaking.
The relationship between kinesiophobia, balance, and upper extremity functions in patients with painful shoulder pathology
Authors: Ata Ayşe Merve , Tuncer Baran , Kara Onur , Başkan Bedriye 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPoor balance ability may contribute to shoulder pathology in patients with existing shoulder pathologies or vice versa. The relationship between kinesiophobia and chronic shoulder pain intensity has been researched, although the conclusions are conflicting. To our knowledge, no study in the literature explores the association between kinesiophobia and balance in patients with shoulder pain.ObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia, upper extremity functions, and balance abilities in patients with shoulder pain.DesignCross‐sectional observational study.SettingPhysical medicine and rehabilitation hospital.InterventionsNot applicable.ParticipantsA total of 44 patients with shoulder pain were included in the study.Main Outcome MeasuresThe pain severity was assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS). The Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) were used to assess the patients. Ultrasound was used to diagnose underlying shoulder joint problems. Static and dynamic postural control was evaluated.ResultsThe most common pathologies detected by ultrasound were supraspinatus tendinitis/rupture (77.3%), cortical irregularity (68.2%), and bursitis (63.6%). TSK score did not correlate with age, body mass index, symptom duration, or VAS score in rest (all p > .05), but it was associated with scores on the BBS (r = −0.437, p = .003), SPADI‐pain (r = 0.474, p = .001), SPADI‐disability (r = 0.355, p = .018), SPADI‐total (r = 0.405, p = .006), and VAS in activity (r = 0.331, p = .028). According to multiple linear regression analysis, BBS score, SPADI‐total score, and anterior–posterior sway length were significant predictors of TSK (r = 0.645, r2 = 0.416).ConclusionsAccording to the findings of this study, the main risk factors for high levels of kinesiophobia are poor balance, severe pain, and disability. In addition to mechanical causes of shoulder pain, diagnosing and intervening on underlying balance issues and psychosocial causes of shoulder pain will improve treatment success.
Partial‐node‐based resilient set‐membership filtering for output‐coupled complex networks with event‐triggered mechanisms
Authors: Lin Ming , Shen Qi , Liu Chang , Peng Hui , Xu Yong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper studies the resilient set‐membership filtering for discrete‐time nonlinear complex networks with output‐coupled topologies. An event‐triggered mechanism (ETM) is employed to save communication resources from the sensor to the filter. A resilient set‐membership filter (RSMF) handles unknown bounded uncertainty, resists the gain perturbation and makes the estimation errors to a certain ellipsoid region. Sufficient conditions for the existence of the RSMF are derived using mathematical induction techniques. The filter gain can be determined on the basis of solving a specific set of recursive matrix inequalities. Then, by optimizing the constrained ellipsoid of the estimation error, the optimized filtering performance is ensured. Finally, a numerical example is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RSMF.