bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helminths of captive and free‐ranging populations of the mountain gazelle (Gazella gazella): Evidence from faecal examination
Authors: Karaer Mina Cansu , Sönmez Hande İrem , Madak Elif , Kankılıç Tolga , Tavşanoğlu Çağatay , Sarımehmetoğlu Hıfsı Oğuz 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundUnderstanding parasite diversity in wild and captive animal populations has critical implications for both individual animal health and ecosystem dynamics in a broader sense. In mountain gazelles (Gazella gazella), the gastrointestinal helminth community is poorly understood, limiting our efforts in the conservation of this endangered bovid species. This species has only two remaining populations in the world, including the isolated northernmost population in Türkiye.ObjectivesTo identify and compare the diversity and prevalence of gastrointestinal helminths in captive and free‐ranging populations of mountain gazelles in Hatay, Türkiye, and to assess potential zoonotic risks.MethodsIn total, 105 fresh faecal samples, 45 individual samples and 60 faecal samples, representing 16 pools, from both captive and free‐ranging populations were collected and analysed using Fulleborn flotation, Benedek sedimentation and Bearman–Wetzel methods faecal flotation methods, including the McMaster technique to determine the severity of infection.ResultsWe detected 12 helminth taxa in our examination of faecal samples, including gastrointestinal nematodes, lungworms and trematodes. Parasites from the Trichostrongyloidea family demonstrated variable hatching stages and rates, potentially influenced by ambient conditions. We also detected one protozoan among the samples. Our results revealed a higher diversity of parasites in free‐ranging populations compared to captive ones.ConclusionsThis study underscores the necessity for regular parasitological surveillance in both captive and free‐ranging wildlife populations for effective conservation management. It also contributes to the ‘One Health’ perspective by highlighting the potential zoonotic risks posed by parasites in wild ruminants. Our results have implications for the conservation and management of the mountain gazelle.
Completion pancreatectomy during pancreatoduodenectomy: A lifesaving solution in high‐risk patients
Authors: Ailhaud Antoine , Girard Edouard , Fournier Joey , Abba Julio , Devant Emmanuel , Betry Cecile , Risse Olivier , Roth Gaël S , d’Engremont Christelle , Chirica Mircea 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPostoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is responsible of most major complications and fatalities after PD. By avoiding POPF, TP may improve operative outcomes in high‐risk patients. The aim was to compare total pancreatectomy (TP) and pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) in high‐risk patients and evaluate results of implementing a risk‐tailored strategy in clinical practice.MethodsBetween 2014 and 2023, 139 patients (76 men, median age 67 years) underwent resection of disease located in the head of the pancreas. Starting January 1, 2022, we offered TP to patients at high POPF risks (fistula risk score (FRS) ≥7) and to patients with intermediate POPF risks (FRS: 3–6) and high risks of failure to rescue (age> 75 years, ASA score ≥3). We compared outcomes of TP and PD and evaluated the results of the new strategy implementation on operative outcomes. Propensity score–based analysis was performed to limit bias of between‐group comparison.ResultsEventually, 26 (19%) patients underwent TP and 113 (81%) patients underwent PD. Severe complications occurred in 42 (30%) patients and 13 (9%) patients died. TP resulted in shorter lengths of hospital stay (median: 14 days [11; 18] vs. 17 days [13; 24], p = 0.016) and less risks of post‐pancreatectomy hemorrhage (PPH) (0% vs. 20%, p < 0.001) compared to PD. Crude and propensity match analysis showed that the implementation of a risk‐tailored strategy led to significant reduction of reoperation, POPF, PPH and mortality rates.ConclusionThe use of TP as part of a risk‐tailored strategy in high‐risk patients can be lifesaving.
Recurrence rates of pilonidal sinus disease in the pediatric population following trephine surgery
Authors: Dreznik Yael , Sher Carmel , Baazuv Artur , Yekutiel Gal , Kravarusic Dragan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPilonidal sinus disease (PSD) is a common surgical disease. Multiple surgical methods exist in the literature, without clear consensus regarding which should be the first‐line treatment. Minimally invasive methods such as the Gips procedure are gaining popularity in recent years. The aim of our study was to assess recurrence rates following the Gips procedure and to determine whether using the same surgical approach during re‐operation is efficient and successful.MethodsThis is a single‐center retrospective observational study of pediatric patients that underwent Gips procedure due to PSD between the years 2012–2022.Results565 pediatric patients underwent an elective surgery for PSD in the study period. Recurrence rate was 8.1% (n = 46). In all the patients with recurrence, re‐operation took place on average 9 months following the first surgery and using the same surgical method. Following the second surgery, only 8 patients (1%) had multiple recurrences.ConclusionsWe found a relatively low recurrence rate in the pediatric population using the Gips method, and nearly 100% success rate following the second operation. Our findings set a new benchmark for pediatric recurrence following PSD operation, with clear recommendation to use the same method of surgery upon further recurrences as well.
Introduction: FIRElinks, a Community for Society and Science
Authors: Rodrigo-Comino Jesús , Cerdà Artemi , Doerr Stefan , Keesstra Saskia D. , Caballero-Calvo Andrés , Sobczyk Rita , Salvati Luca 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFIRElinks (CA18135) originated from many efforts by a group of researchers after submitting a proposal for a COST Action. During four years, the main aim has been to develop an EU-spanning network of scientists and practitioners involved in forest fire research and land management with backgrounds such as fire dynamics, fire risk management, fire effects on vegetation, fauna, soil and water, and socioeconomic, historical, geographical, political perception, and land management approaches. Communities from different scientific and geographic backgrounds allowing the discussion of different experiences and the emergence of new approaches to fire research were connected. Working group number 5 was developed to power synergistic collaborations between European research groups and stakeholders to synthesize the existing knowledge and expertise and to define a concerted research agenda which promotes an integrated approach to create fire-resilient landscapes from a regional and socioeconomic point of view, taking into account how to teach the population, stakeholders, and policymakers considering the biological, biochemical, and physical, but also socioeconomic, historical, geographical, sociological, perception, and policy constraints. In this edited book, the main conclusion of working group 5 was addressed considering different study cases and methods developed by recognized experts over Europe: there is an urgent societal need to manage wildfires due to the expected further intensification and geographical spreading of its regimes under global change.
Forest Ecosystems, Forest Fire Internet of Things (FFIoT), and Socioeconomic Aspects
Authors: Skouteri Asimina , Spanos Konstantinos , Kourakli Peristera , Koulelis Panagiotis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForests play a significant role in any circular economy strategy aimed at achieving sustainable development, human well-being, and national welfare. Forest fires are responsible for substantial losses in forest ecosystems and the valuable ecosystem services they provide. The Internet of Things (IoT) constitutes a collaborative ecosystem comprising smart devices, networking infrastructure, and advanced processing technologies that work together to create smart environments for end-users. This revolutionary technology ensures continuous access to information and facilitates the integration of people and data, contributing to a greener future. It offers effective methods and substantial technical support for forest and environmental sciences and sustainable forest planning and management. Despite the transformative impact of technology in various sectors, the forestry industry has been slow to embrace digital technologies. IoT can be effectively designed and implemented across all phases of forest fire management, transitioning it from a manual system to a digital one with widespread remote participation and governance. This transformation results in the development of more resilient forest landscapes in the face of climate change and external disasters. Achieving a consensus on measures, including hardware, software, and skill requirements, is crucial for ensuring effective information provision. Additional research methods and approaches are needed to address emerging economic, environmental, and social challenges, and there must be a general agreement on what aspects to measure and how to measure them.
Wildfire Education: A Review Across the Globe
Authors: Pacheco Renata , Skulska Iryna , Sequeira Ana Catarina , Colaço M. Conceição 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecent projections suggest that wildfires will occur more often and with higher intensity due to the changing climate. In this context, it is vital to educate the population to be ready and prepared to deal with these events. This book chapter reviews the state of the art of educational materials on wildfires worldwide that are available online. A total of 225 references on the matter were retrieved. The materials are from all five continents, involving 36 countries and written in 23 languages. Most of them are from regions with a Mediterranean climate with fire-prone ecosystems in which, for the last decades, wildfires have negatively affected the population. Regarding the target audience, most materials retrieved focused on the general public (about 48%), followed by students from various age groups (around 40%). Written documents, websites, and videos are the most frequent materials for the general public. As for students, a greater variability of pedagogical materials is available, ranging from mobile phone applications and digital and experimental activities to slides for classes and reading materials. The remaining materials focus on the rural population and firefighters’ training. Most references present the main concepts and ecological aspects of fire, along with safety and prevention measures. However, few discuss climate change, recovery, and socio-economic or health concerns. This gap should be addressed in the future wildfire educational materials to better prepare and inform society.
Forest Fire Risk Management at the Country Scale: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Gültekin Yaşar Selman , Gültekin Pınar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForest fires cause hazards and damage to both ecosystems and humans increasing attention in the globalizing world. Forest fire risk analysis and management issues cover the prevention of forest fires, response to forest fires and what to do after the forest fires. This chapter is focused on the evaluation of forest fire risk management from socio-economic, landscape planning and risk management perspectives at the country scale. In this context, national policies, strategies, documents and practices are scrutinized in terms of forest fire mitigation acts in Turkey. As a result of the examination policy makers and decision-makers should increase pay attention to their primary stakeholders for better engagement in forest fires. There is an urgent need to obtain an annual forest fire risk assessment report from public institutions. Participatory approaches need to be applied through good governance to mitigate forest fires and decrease forest fire risks in Turkey.
Vulnerability to Wildfires and Peri-urban Areas: An Integrated Socioenvironmental Assessment
Authors: Imbrenda Vito , Coluzzi Rosa , Nosova Bogdana , Cudlin Pavel , Turco Rosario , Salvati Luca , Lanfredi Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAssuming landscape transformations as a process fueling the local level of vulnerability to wildfires, this work investigates the spatial distribution of selected land-use classes for two years (1975 and 2018) in a metropolitan region of the Mediterranean basin (Athens, central Greece). Built-up settlements and cropland expanded moderately over time, facing a slight decline in forests and semi-natural areas. These changes resulted in the inherent growth in local vulnerability to wildfires estimated using a composite indicator, namely the Fire Risk (FR) index developed in the framework of the MEDALUS international research project financed by the European Commission. Crop mosaics and discontinuous settlements were the classes contributing the most to FR growth. The empirical findings of our work suggest how the conversion of fringe landscapes toward simplified (and, likely, low-quality) cropland and pasture land, as well as the inherent fragmentation of natural/semi-natural landscape patches, is detrimental to environmental quality, increasing the potential exposure to peri-urban fires.
Wildland Firefighters: A Crucial Weapon for Forest Fire Management. Which Health Risks Do They Face?
Authors: Esteves Filipa , Madureira Joana , Teixeira João Paulo , Costa Solange 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFire when uncontrolled can become a destructive force that risks wildlife, property, and human lives. Global warming has contributed to the increase and severity of wildfires in the last decades, requiring greater political and local authority involvement to protect people. Wildland firefighters are an essential tool for the management of any forest fire. However, they face unique occupational risks characterized by physically demanding tasks, long hours in severe conditions, and exposure to various health risks (e.g., burning, fractures, smoke inhalation), including exposure to carcinogenic pollutants emitted from smoke. These pollutants, including particulate matter, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and volatile organic compounds, can cause acute adverse health effects but also long-term effects, such as cancer. Yet, evidence linking wildland firefighters’ occupational exposure and health outcomes is limited. The increasing risk of wildfire occurrences and longer fire seasons highlight the need for occupational studies among these professionals commonly exposed to hazardous pollutants. Scientific evidence has contributed to the establishment of measures related to firefighters’ health promotion. Regular monitoring, surveillance and health promotion activities, innovative firefighting techniques, safer personal protective equipment, and the implementation of written policies and procedures, such as decontaminating fire station equipment and spaces, are crucial to reduce firefighters’ adverse health effects.
Introduction
Authors: O’Malley Eoin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe first part of this chapter introduces the Celtic tiger boom, presenting facts and figures on trends in economic growth rates, average incomes and employment with international comparisons, as well as trends in unemployment, emigration and immigration. The second part of the chapter sets out the approach and structure of the book. It notes that the general approach is to treat Ireland as a relative latecomer to economic development and it explains what that implies. It then sets out the structure of the book, outlining the content and issues to be included in each chapter. It is noted here that a fundamental objective of the book is to explain what caused the long boom.
Foreign-Owned Companies
Authors: O’Malley Eoin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA prolonged surge in FDI became the main driver of the boom, especially in the 1990s. Initially, this mainly involved high-tech manufacturing, with services becoming increasingly prominent later. The high-tech manufacturing sectors were less important in terms of net foreign earnings than they appeared to be in terms of exports, while the reverse was true for services. The purchasing linkages and R&D intensity of foreign-owned firms did not develop strongly during the boom, but they did increase their skill levels as more advanced activities were introduced. The overall effect was probably to make them more embedded in the Irish economy and more capable of sustaining higher pay levels, although less integrated than they would be in their home countries. The surge in FDI was not primarily caused by new policies in Ireland. Rather, it was mainly a result of new developments outside Ireland, particularly the introduction of the single European market and the rise of new fast-growing high-tech industries. At the same time, however, existing tax and grant incentives and other conditions in Ireland were very well suited to taking advantage of the new opportunities to attract FDI.
Migrationskontext: Herkunftsgesellschaft und Aufnahmegesellschaft
Authors: Tkotzyk Vanessa 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIm Sinne von Berry (1997: 15) werden in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln die Herkunftsgesellschaft, Japan, und die Aufnahmegesellschaft, Deutschland, beschrieben. Zunächst werden in Abschnitt 3.1 die politischen, wirtschaftlichen und demographischen Rahmenbedingungen Japans betrachtet. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf den Entwicklungen nach dem Zweiten Weltkrieg. Anschließend werden in Abschnitt 3.2 die Akkulturationsanforderungen der Aufnahmegesellschaft, Deutschland, und deren Einstellung zu Migration und Integration dargestellt, um so aufzuzeigen, vor welchem Hintergrund sich die Zugewanderten in die neue Gesellschaft integrieren sollen.
Methodik
Authors: Tkotzyk Vanessa 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungUm festzustellen, aus welchen Gründen Japanerinnen und Japaner in der Gegenwart nach Deutschland migrieren und inwieweit permanent ansässige Japanerinnen und Japaner in die deutsche Gesellschaft integriert sind, wurde eine qualitativ-empirische Fallstudie mit Leitfadeninterviews durchgeführt. Die Integrationsindikatoren, die die Grundlage für den Leitfaden bilden, leiten sich aus dem in Abschnitt 1.2 wiedergegebenen Forschungsstand zur Migration und Integration japanischer Migrantinnen und Migranten, aus der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung zur Eingliederung von Zugewanderten in Deutschland und aus den normativ-politischen Konzepten ab (Abschnitt 2.3). Nachfolgend werden sowohl Methodik als auch Methodologie der qualitativen Studie erläutert.
Auswertung der qualitativen Studie
Authors: Tkotzyk Vanessa 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungWährend der Migrationsanlass bei den japanischen Expatriates offensichtlich und in ihrer Versetzung ins Ausland zu wirtschaftlichen Zwecken begründet ist, somit also nicht unbedingt freiwillig erfolgt, sondern von der Firma initiiert wird, stellt sich die Frage, was die untersuchten permanent ansässigen Japanerinnen und Japaner, die selbstinitiiert nach Deutschland gekommen sind, dazu bewegt hat, auszuwandern und sich hier niederzulassen. Als Grundlage für die Beantwortung dieser Frage dienen in erster Linie die Äußerungen in den Interviews auf die Erzählaufforderung: „Bitte schildern Sie den Anlass, nach Deutschland auszuwandern“.
Non-smooth integrability theory
Authors: Hosoya Yuhki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe study a method for calculating the utility function from a candidate of a demand function that is not differentiable, but is locally Lipschitz. Using this method, we obtain two new necessary and sufficient conditions for a candidate of a demand function to be a demand function. The first concerns the Slutsky matrix, and the second is the existence of a concave solution to a partial differential equation. Moreover, we show that the upper semi-continuous weak order that corresponds to the demand function is unique, and that this weak order is represented by our calculated utility function. We provide applications of these results to econometric theory. First, we show that, under several requirements, if a sequence of demand functions converges to some function with respect to the metric of compact convergence, then the limit is also a demand function. Second, the space of demand functions that have uniform Lipschitz constants on any compact set is compact under the above metric. Third, the mapping from a demand function to the calculated utility function becomes continuous. We also show a similar result on the topology of pointwise convergence.
A problem formulation framework for the application of in silico toxicology methods in chemical risk assessment
Authors: Achar Jerry , Cronin Mark T. D. , Firman James W. , Öberg Gunilla 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe first step in the hazard or risk assessment of chemicals should be to formulate the problem through a systematic and iterative process aimed at identifying and defining factors critical to the assessment. However, no general agreement exists on what components an in silico toxicology problem formulation (PF) should include. The present work aims to develop a PF framework relevant to the application of in silico models for chemical toxicity prediction. We modified and applied a PF framework from the general risk assessment literature to peer reviewed papers describing PFs associated with in silico toxicology models. Important gaps between the general risk assessment literature and the analyzed PF literature associated with in silico toxicology methods were identified. While the former emphasizes the need for PFs to address higher-level conceptual questions, the latter does not. There is also little consistency in the latter regarding the PF components addressed, reinforcing the need for a PF framework that enable users of in silico toxicology models to answer the central conceptual questions aimed at defining components critical to the model application. Using the developed framework, we highlight potential areas of uncertainty manifestation in in silico toxicology PF in instances where particular components are missing or implicitly described. The framework represents the next step in standardizing in silico toxicology PF component. The framework can also be used to improve the understanding of how uncertainty is apparent in an in silico toxicology PF, thus facilitating ways to address uncertainty.
Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) as a promising source of antioxidant phenolic substances and minerals
Authors: Lidiková Judita , Čeryová Natália , Grygorieva Olga , Bobková Alica , Bobko Marek , Árvay Július , Šnirc Marek , Brindza Ján , Ňorbová Monika , Harangozo Ľuboš , Kňazovická Vladimíra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study aimed to evaluate the mineral content, and content of bioactive compounds in fruits of Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.). Neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were determined in the samples. Vitamin C content ranged from 610.36 to 1344 mg kg−1 FW. Content of K, Ca, P, Mg, and Na in samples ranged from 1750.8 to 2645.7 mg kg−1 FW, from 281.14 to 561.62 mg kg−1 FW, from 180.38 to 294.95 mg kg−1 FW, from 68.19 to 115.43 mg kg−1 FW, and from 2.48 to 71.33 mg kg−1 FW respectively. Content of Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Co in samples ranged from 2.77 to 4.88 mg kg−1 FW, from 0.49 to 0.99 mg kg−1 FW, from 0.25 to 0.53 mg kg−1 FW, from 0.07 to 0.17 mg kg−1 FW, from 0.02 to 0.13 mg kg−1 FW, from 0.01 to 0.02 mg kg−1 FW, and from 0.01 to 0.08 mg kg−1 FW respectively. Variations across cultivars were found to be statistically significant, indicating that genetics is a key factor influencing the concentration of bioactive compounds and minerals in Cornelian cherry fruits. Understanding the genetic factors influencing mineral and bioactive compound content in cornelian cherry cultivars is essential for targeted breeding programs, crop improvement, and the development of cultivars with enhanced nutritional and health-promoting attributes. This knowledge contributes to sustainable agriculture and supports the production of crops that align with consumer preferences and health trends.