bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of artificial intelligence in urology: a detailed analysis of kidney stone-related queries
Authors: Cil Gökhan , Dogan Kazim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The study aimed to assess the efficacy of OpenAI's advanced AI model, ChatGPT, in diagnosing urological conditions, focusing on kidney stones.

Materials and methods
A set of 90 structured questions, compliant with EAU Guidelines 2023, was curated by seasoned urologists for this investigation. We evaluated ChatGPT's performance based on the accuracy and completeness of its responses to two types of questions [binary (true/false) and descriptive (multiple-choice)], stratified into difficulty levels: easy, moderate, and complex. Furthermore, we analyzed the model's learning and adaptability capacity by reassessing the initially incorrect responses after a 2 week interval.

Results
The model demonstrated commendable accuracy, correctly answering 80% of binary questions (n:45) and 93.3% of descriptive questions (n:45). The model's performance showed no significant variation across different question difficulty levels, with p-values of 0.548 for accuracy and 0.417 for completeness, respectively. Upon reassessment of initially 12 incorrect responses (9 binary to 3 descriptive) after two weeks, ChatGPT's accuracy showed substantial improvement. The mean accuracy score significantly increased from 1.58 ± 0.51 to 2.83 ± 0.93 (p = 0.004), underlining the model's ability to learn and adapt over time.

Conclusion
These findings highlight the potential of ChatGPT in urological diagnostics, but also underscore areas requiring enhancement, especially in the completeness of responses to complex queries. The study endorses AI's incorporation into healthcare, while advocating for prudence and professional supervision in its application.
Cardiovascular disease risk assessment and multidisciplinary care in prostate cancer treatment with ADT: recommendations from the APMA PCCV expert network
Authors: Merseburger Axel S. , Bakshi Ganesh , Chen Dong-Yi , Chiong Edmund , Jabbour Michel , Joung Jae Young , Lai Allen Yu-Hung , Lawrentschuk Nathan , Le Tuan-Anh , Ng Chi Fai , Ng Choon Ta , Ong Teng Aik , Pang Jacob See-Tong , Rabah Danny M. , Ragavan Narasimhan , Sase Kazuhiro , Suzuki Hiroyoshi , Teo Michelle Mui Hian , Uemura Hiroji , Woo Henry H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the mainstay approach for prostate cancer (PCa) management. However, the most commonly used ADT modality, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists, has been associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods
The PCa Cardiovascular (PCCV) Expert Network, consisting of multinational urologists, cardiologists and oncologists with expertise in managing PCa, convened to discuss challenges to routine cardiovascular risk assessment in PCa management, as well as how to mitigate such risks in the current treatment landscape.

Results
The experts identified several barriers, including lack of awareness, time constraints, challenges in implementing risk assessment tools and difficulties in establishing multidisciplinary teams that include cardiologists. The experts subsequently provided practical recommendations to improve cardio-oncology care for patients with PCa receiving ADT, such as simplifying cardiovascular risk assessment, individualising treatment based on CVD risk categories, establishing multidisciplinary teams and referral networks and fostering active patient engagement. A streamlined cardiovascular risk-stratification tool and a referral/management guide were developed for seamless integration into urologists’ practices and presented herein. The PCCV Expert Network agreed that currently available evidence indicates that GnRH antagonists are associated with a lower risk of CVD than that of GnRH agonists and that GnRH antagonists are preferred for patients with PCa and a high CVD risk.

Conclusion
In summary, this article provides insights and guidance to improve management for patients with PCa undergoing ADT.
Christian Klamler’s ”A distance measure for choice functions” [Social Choice and Welfare 30 (2008) 419–425]: a correction
Authors: Carpentiere Davide , Giarlotta Alfio , Watson Stephen 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn extensive choice over X is a function assigning to any subset S of X a possibly empty subset of S. Klamler (Soc Choice Welf 30:419–425, 2008) shows that the operation of symmetric difference induces a metric on the family of extensive choices over X, and this metric is characterized by five axioms –. We provide counterexamples to Klamler’s result, suggest a slight modification of axioms and to obtain a correct characterization, and finally observe that axiom is redundant.
Characterization of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity by diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lohr David , Thiele Arne , Stahnke Max , Braun Vera M. , Klopfleisch Robert , Klein Oliver , Dresen Sandra , Landmesser Ulf , Foryst-Ludwig Anna , Kintscher Ulrich , Schreiber Laura M. , Beyhoff Niklas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Anthracyclines are highly potent anti-cancer drugs, but their clinical use is limited by severe cardiotoxic side effects. The impact of anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) on left ventricular (LV) microarchitecture and diffusion properties remains unknown. This study sought to characterize AIC by cardiovascular magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Mice were treated with Doxorubicin (DOX; n = 16) for induction of AIC or saline as corresponding control (n = 15). Cardiac function was assessed via echocardiography at the end of the study period. Whole hearts (n = 8 per group) were scanned ex vivo by high-resolution DTI at 7 T. Results were correlated with histopathology and mass spectrometry imaging. Mice with AIC demonstrated systolic dysfunction (LVEF 52 ± 3% vs. 43 ± 6%, P < 0.001), impaired global longitudinal strain (−19.6 ± 2.0% vs. −16.6 ± 3.0%, P < 0.01), and cardiac atrophy (LV mass index [mg/mm], 4.3 ± 0.1 vs. 3.6 ± 0.2, P < 0.01). Regional sheetlet angles were significantly lower in AIC, whereas helix angle and relative helicity remained unchanged. In AIC, fractional anisotropy was increased (0.12 ± 0.01 vs. 0.14 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). DOX-treated mice displayed higher planar and less spherical anisotropy (C
Planar 0.07 ± 0.01 vs. 0.09 ± 0.01, P < 0.01; C
Spherical 0.89 ± 0.01 vs. 0.87 ± 0.02, P < 0.05). C
Planar and C
Spherical yielded good discriminatory power to distinguish between mice with and without AIC (c-index 0.91 and 0.84, respectively, P for both < 0.05). AIC is associated with regional changes in sheetlet angle but no major abnormalities of global LV microarchitecture. The geometric shape of the diffusion tensor is altered in AIC. DTI may provide a new tool for myocardial characterization in patients with AIC, which warrants future clinical studies to evaluate its diagnostic utility.
Motion acquisition of gait characteristics one week after total hip arthroplasty: a factor analysis
Authors: Cattaneo Andrea , Ghidotti Anna , Catellani Francesco , Fiorentino Gennaro , Vitali Andrea , Regazzoni Daniele , Rizzi Caterina , Bombardieri Emilio 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Clinical gait analysis can be used to evaluate the recovery process of patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA). The postoperative walking patterns of these patients can be significantly influenced by the choice of surgical approach, as each procedure alters distinct anatomical structures. The aim of this study is twofold. The first objective is to develop a gait model to describe the change in ambulation one week after THA. The secondary goal is to describe the differences associated with the surgical approach.

Materials and methods
Thirty-six patients undergoing THA with lateral (n = 9), anterior (n = 15), and posterior (n = 12) approaches were included in the study. Walking before and 7 days after surgery was recorded using a markerless motion capture system. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), a data reduction technique, condensed 21 spatiotemporal gait parameters to a smaller set of dominant variables. The EFA-derived gait domains were utilized to study post-surgical gait variations and to compare the post-surgical gait among the three groups.

Results
Four distinct gait domains were identified. The most pronounced variation one week after surgery is in the Rhythm (gait cycle time: $$+32.9\mathrm{\%}$$

+
32.9
%

), followed by Postural control (step width: $$+27.0\mathrm{\%}$$

+
27.0
%

), Phases (stance time: $$+11.0\%$$

+
11.0
%

), and Pace (stride length: − $$9.3\%$$

9.3
%

). In postsurgical walking, Phases is statistically significantly different in patients operated with the posterior approach compared to lateral (p-value = 0.017) and anterior (p-value = 0.002) approaches. Furthermore, stance time in the posterior approach group is significantly lower than in healthy individuals (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusions
This study identified a four-component gait model specific to THA patients. The results showed that patients after THA have longer stride time but shorter stride length, wider base of support, and longer stance time, although the posterior group had a statistically significant shorter stance time than the others. The findings of this research have the potential to simplify the reporting of gait outcomes, reduce redundancy, and inform targeted interventions in regards to specific gait domains.
Multiple system atrophy: an update and emerging directions of biomarkers and clinical trials
Authors: Liu Min , Wang Zhiyao , Shang Huifang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultiple system atrophy is a rare, debilitating, adult-onset neurodegenerative disorder that manifests clinically as a diverse combination of parkinsonism, cerebellar ataxia, and autonomic dysfunction. It is pathologically characterized by oligodendroglial cytoplasmic inclusions containing abnormally aggregated α-synuclein. According to the updated Movement Disorder Society diagnostic criteria for multiple system atrophy, the diagnosis of clinically established multiple system atrophy requires the manifestation of autonomic dysfunction in combination with poorly levo-dopa responsive parkinsonism and/or cerebellar syndrome. Although symptomatic management of multiple system atrophy can substantially improve quality of life, therapeutic benefits are often limited, ephemeral, and they fail to modify the disease progression and eradicate underlying causes. Consequently, effective breakthrough treatments that target the causes of disease are needed. Numerous preclinical and clinical studies are currently focusing on a set of hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases to slow or halt the progression of multiple system atrophy: pathological protein aggregation, synaptic dysfunction, aberrant proteostasis, neuronal inflammation, and neuronal cell death. Meanwhile, specific biomarkers and measurements with higher specificity and sensitivity are being developed for the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy, particularly for early detection of the disease. More intriguingly, a growing number of new disease-modifying candidates, which can be used to design multi-targeted, personalized treatment in patients, are being investigated, notwithstanding the failure of most previous attempts.
The GIST of it all: management of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) from the first steps to tailored therapy. A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Musa Julian , Kochendoerfer Sarah M. , Willis Franziska , Sauerteig Christine , Harnoss Jonathan M. , Rompen Ingmar F. , Grünewald Thomas G. P. , Al-Saeedi Mohammed , Schneider Martin , Harnoss Julian-C. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Improvement of patient care is associated with increasing publication numbers in biomedical research. However, such increasing numbers of publications make it challenging for physicians and scientists to screen and process the literature of their respective fields. In this study, we present a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the evolution of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) research, analyzing the current state of the field and identifying key open questions going beyond the recent advantages for future studies to assess.

Methods
Using the Web of Science Core Collection, 5040 GIST-associated publications in the years 1984–2022 were identified and analyzed regarding key bibliometric variables using the Bibliometrix R package and VOSviewer software.

Results
GIST-associated publication numbers substantially increased over time, accentuated from year 2000 onwards, and being characterized by multinational collaborations. The main topic clusters comprise surgical management, tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) development/treatment, diagnostic workup, and molecular pathophysiology. Within all main topic clusters, a significant progress is reflected by the literature over the years. This progress ranges from conventional open surgical techniques over minimally invasive, including robotic and endoscopic, resection techniques to increasing identification of specific functional genetic aberrations sensitizing for newly developed TKIs being extensively investigated in clinical studies and implemented in GIST treatment guidelines. However, especially in locally advanced, recurrent, and metastatic disease stages, surgery-related questions and certain specific questions concerning (further-line) TKI treatment resistance were infrequently addressed.

Conclusion
Increasing GIST-related publication numbers reflect a continuous progress in the major topic clusters of the GIST research field. Especially in advanced disease stages, questions related to the interplay between surgical approaches and TKI treatment sensitivity should be addressed in future studies.
GATA6 inhibits the biological function of non-small cell lung cancer by modulating glucose metabolism
Authors: Ju Weiwei , Lin Lijuan , Zhang Qifang , Lv Xiumei , Teng Shaohui , Hong Yu , Shao Zhixiang , Na Hanyun , Yu Shengjin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
This study aims to explore the role of GATA6 in lung cancer, with a focus on its impact on metabolic processes.

Methods
We assessed GATA6 expression in lung cancer tissues and its association with patient prognosis. In vitro cell function experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of altered GATA6 levels on lung cancer cell proliferation and migration. Mechanistic insights were gained by examining GATA6's influence on glucose metabolism-related genes, particularly its effect on c-Myc mRNA expression.

Results
Our study revealed significant down-regulation of GATA6 in lung cancer tissues, and this down-regulation was strongly correlated with unfavorable patient prognosis. Elevating GATA6 levels effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells in our cell function experiments. Mechanistically, we found that GATA6 suppressed the expression of c-Myc mRNA, impacting genes related to glucose metabolism. As a result, glucose uptake and metabolism in lung cancer cells were disrupted, ultimately impeding their malignant behaviors.

Conclusion
Our study provides crucial insights into the metabolic regulation of GATA6 in lung cancer cells. These findings have the potential to offer a solid theoretical foundation for the development of novel clinical treatments for lung cancer.
Poor lumbar spine coordination in acute low back pain predicts persistent long-term pain and disability
Authors: Alshehri Mansour Abdullah , van den Hoorn Wolbert , Klyne David M. , van Dieën Jaap H. , Cholewicki Jacek , Hodges Paul W. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Sitting balance on an unstable surface requires coordinated out-of-phase lumbar spine and provides sufficient challenge to expose quality of spine control. We investigated whether the quality of spine coordination to maintain balance in acute low back pain (LBP) predicts recovery at 6 months.

Methods
Participants in an acute LBP episode (n = 94) underwent assessment of sitting balance on an unstable surface. Seat, hip and spine (lower lumbar, lumbar, upper lumbar, thoracic) angular motion and force plate data were recorded. Coordination between the seat and hip/spine segments to maintain balance was quantified in the frequency domain to evaluate coordination (coherence) and relative timing (phase angle: in-phase [segments move together]; out-of-phase [segments move opposite]). Center of pressure (CoP) and upper thorax motion assessed overall balance performance. Hip and spine coordination with the seat were compared between those who did not recover (increased/unchanged pain/disability), partially recovered (reduced pain/disability) or recovered (no pain and disability) at 6 months.

Results
In both planes, coherence between the seat and lower lumbar spine was lower (and in-phase—unhelpful for balance) at baseline in those who did not recover than those who recovered. Coherence between the seat and hip was higher in partially recovered in both planes, suggesting compensation by the hip. LBP groups had equal overall balance performance (CoP, upper thorax motion), but non-recovery groups used a less optimal strategy that might have consequences for long-term spine health.

Conclusion
These longitudinal data revealed that individuals with compromised contribution of the lumbar spine to the balance during unstable sitting during acute LBP are less likely to recover.
Taking the knife to neurodegeneration: a review of surgical gene therapy delivery to the CNS
Authors: Perera Andrea , Brock Olivier , Ahmed Aminul , Shaw Chris , Ashkan Keyoumars 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Gene supplementation and editing for neurodegenerative disorders has emerged in recent years as the understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying several neurodegenerative disorders increases. The most common medium to deliver genetic material to cells is via viral vectors; and with respect to the central nervous system, adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors are a popular choice. The most successful example of AAV-based gene therapy for neurodegenerative disorders is Zolgensma© which is a transformative intravenous therapy given to babies with spinal muscular atrophy. However, the field has stalled in achieving safe drug delivery to the central nervous system in adults for which treatments for disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis are desperately needed. Surgical gene therapy delivery has been proposed as a potential solution to this problem. While the field of the so-called regenerative neurosurgery has yielded pre-clinical optimism, several challenges have emerged. This review seeks to explore the field of regenerative neurosurgery with respect to AAV-based gene therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, its progress so far and the challenges that need to be overcome.
Statistical downscaling of GCMs wind speed data for trend analysis of future scenarios: a case study in the Lombardy region
Authors: Ferrarin Lucia , Stucchi Leonardo , Bocchiola Daniele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNear-surface wind speed is a key climatic variable, affecting many sectors, such as energy production, air pollution, and natural hazard. Lombardy region of Italy is among the European areas with lowest average wind speed, leading generally to low air quality and wind energy potential. However, it is also one of the most affected area by tornadoes in Italy. Here we investigate possible changes in wind circulation as due to prospective global warming. We analysed wind speed WS under future scenarios (SSP1-2.6 and SSP5-8.5) from six Global Climate Models (GCMs) until 2100, tuned against observed WS data. We employed a statistical downscaling method, namely Stochastic Time Random Cascade (STRC) to correct locally GCMs outputs. Three statistical tests, i.e. Linear Regression, Mann Kendall, Moving Window Average, were carried out to analyse future trends of: annual WS averages, 95th quantile (as an indicator of large WS), and the number of days of calm wind per year (NWC). The proposed STRC algorithm can successfully adjust the mean, standard deviation, and autocorrelation structure of the GCM outputs. No strong trends are found for the future. The chosen variables would all display non-stationarity, and the 95th percentile display a positive trend for most of the stations. Concerning NWC, notable discrepancies among GCMs are seen. The STRC algorithm can be used to successfully adjust GCMs outputs to reflect locally observed data and to then generate credible long-term scenarios for WSs as a tool for decision-making.
Boon and burden: economic performance and future perspectives of the Venice flood protection system
Authors: Giupponi Carlo , Bidoia Marco , Breil Margaretha , Di Corato Luca , Gain Animesh Kumar , Leoni Veronica , Minooei Fard Behnaz , Pesenti Raffaele , Umgiesser Georg 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSea-level rise (SLR) and flooding are among the climate change stressors challenging human society in the twenty-first century. Many coastal areas and cities are implementing innovative solutions to mitigate flood risks and enhance resilience. Venice has recently developed a system of storm surge mobile barriers, known as the MoSE (Modulo Sperimentale Elettromeccanico or Experimental Electromechanical Module). This study aims to investigate the economic viability of MoSE operations in light of the potential future evolution of SLR. To conduct a cost-benefit analysis, a system dynamics model is utilised to assess the impact of MoSE operations on economic and residential activities of Venice and its port. Simulations are conducted until the end of the century, considering two SLR scenarios. The results suggest that the economic benefits largely outweigh the combined costs of investment and foregone port revenues resulting from the MoSE closures. Nevertheless, the increasing number of closures due to SLR seriously challenges the viability of the infrastructure in the medium to long term. Even more importantly, very frequent closures will have serious impacts on the quality of the lagoon ecosystem. These findings suggest a revision and stronger integration of the city’s safeguarding strategies, including the increase of the MoSE closure level officially set at 110 cm, and other coordinated interventions, such as sewer system consolidation.
A semantic-based methodology for the management of document workflows in e-government: a case study for judicial processes
Authors: Di Martino Beniamino , Colucci Cante Luigi , Graziano Mariangela , D’Angelo Salvatore , Esposito Antonio , Lupi Pietro , Ammendolia Rosario 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTrial excessive duration is a common problem in Juridical systems worldwide, even if some countries seem to be more affected by it than others. The European Council has provided metrics and statistics to identify this problem and has pointed out solutions, such as the simplification of norms and the digitization of Juridical procedures. The Italian Telematic Civil Process (TCP) is an example of this digitization effort that has surely positively influenced the duration of Trials, their traceability and general complexity. However, there are still many possible actions that can be taken to simplify the work of Judges and Chancellors, and to support their daily operations in dealing with several Trials at once, and with the consistent number of documents that are involved in them. This paper presents a toolchain and a related methodology for the management of documentation attached to Trials, based on semantic technologies and Natural Language Processing techniques, which will help Judges in faster assessing the situation of each Trial they follow, and will also provide the means to identify potential correlations among different Juridical procedures. The methodology is tested against a case study, i.e. the compensation requests related to road accidents, which has been provided and described by Domain Experts from the Italian Ministry of Justice.