bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INDUSTRIAL PSYCHOLOGIST'S JOB
Authors: MACKINNEY ARTHUR C. , DUNNETTE MARVIN D. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThis paper presents the results from the sections of Dunnette's (1961) survey of one‐half of the Division 14 membership which solicited job description information. Results are summarized in terms of frequencies with which the respondents indicate that nineteen job descriptive categories make up an important part of their jobs. A factor analysis of the intercorrelations among these categories reveals five factors: (I) a general factor, psychological work in industry, (II) personnel administration, (III) test research, (IV) working with people, and (V) a factor labeled, variously, organizational analysis, morale measurement, or advising management.
CONTROL OF “HALO” IN FACTOR ANALYSIS OF A SUPERVISORY BEHAVIOR INVENTORY
Authors: RITTI R. R. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThis paper has described a factor analysis of supervisory behavior ratings using a procedure of standardizing both by variable and by subject, in order to eliminate a component of correlation due to differences in subjective means and standard deviation. The results show that:1. The procedure results in a large reduction in the relative size of the first principle component.2. The procedure results in a systematic reduction in the correlations between the primary vectors of the oblique factor solution.3. The procedure results in a more clearly defined simple structure resulting from the oblique rotation.It seems likely that these results are due primarily to the elimination of the component of a variance attributable to the differences between subjective means. It also seems likely that some of the difference between the two solutions has resulted by giving less weight to the extreme responding, nondiscriminating subjects. Both of these adjustments are judged to be desirable in helping the researcher understand the true organization of reports of individual perceptions of behavior and attitudes where the universe concerned is homogeneous with retudes where the universe concerned is homogeneous with respect to some valuative or other over‐all response tendency.
FACTOR ANALYSIS OF A SALES SELECTION BATTERY
Authors: FEINBERG M. R. , PENZER W. N. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA sales executive selection battery from 458 applicants was subjected to a principal components factor analysis using varimax factor rotation. The study was undertaken because of the gaps created by the almost nonexistent factorial studies of an operational sales selection battery. The final rotated matrix yielded seven factors which suggested that the battery of the original 28 scales could be considerably reduced. The factors were identified as follows: I—Level of Aspiration, II—Technical Interest, III—Anti‐Aestheticism, IV—Religious‐Social Values, V—Social Acquiescence, VI—Computational‐Clerical, VII—Intellect. Implications of the factor analysis patterns were discussed.
Identification of Job Requirement Factors By Use Of Simulated Jobs1
Authors: Madden Joseph M. , Giorgia M. Joyce 
Published: December 2006

SummaryAir Force officer jobs are evaluated by rating a verbal job description on ten requirement factors. If these factors cover all the requirements, judging merited pay or grade for the job incumbent could be based on a simulated job description presenting only the numerical ratings on the ten factors. To test this assumption, two groups of USAF majors ranked thirty real job descriptions and two groups ranked simulated descriptions in order of merited pay. Application of a multiple regression technique to the factor values showed that error in predicting the rank‐order criterion was significantly greater for rankings from simulated descriptions than from the verbal descriptions. Examination of mean‐rank discrepancies showed that, in this particular sampling of jobs, the ranking of simulated jobs was higher for jobs closely concerned with the primary defense mission and lower for jobs requiring a high level of scientific, professional, or technical competence. Adding ratings on these two factors to the simulated descriptions might result in judgments closer to those obtained from verbal descriptions.
A STUDY OF THE GRAPEVINE IN A GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION
Authors: SUTTON HAROLD , PORTER LYMAN W. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe purposes of this investigation were to replicate a classic study of the grapevine reported by Davis in 1953, and to extend the results by obtaining personality data (Bass Orientation Inventory scores) on the subjects. The present study was carried out in a state government unit with 79 employees. Davis’“ecco analysis” method was used to study the flow of information through the grapevine. Nine grapevine items were investigated with respect to where, when, and how the subjects had learned of the information.Two of Davis’ findings–the relatively small percentage of in‐dividuals functioning in a liaison capacity in disseminating any particular item of information, and the positive relationship between grapevine knowledge and an individual's level in the organizational hierarchy–were confirmed. Two other findings of Davis–relating to the degree of within‐unit vs. between‐unit spread of information, and the degree of individual consistency in functioning as liaisons–were not confirmed. Again, it should be stressed that, while Davis’ study was concerned with communication within the managerial force of a manufacturing concern, the present study was carried out in a governmental organization and involved personnel from both the managerial and the rank‐and‐file levels. Thus, because of the particular nature of the samples in each of the two investigations, any generalizations about the operation of grapevines in organizations need to be stated with extreme caution.
A NOTE CONCERNING THE MATCHED GROUP DESIGN
Authors: MAYO GEORGE DOUGLAS , LONGO ALEXANDER A. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryDespite its strong logical and technical appeal, the employment of the matched group design in applied psychological research has been restricted by practical problems associated with its use. A procedure which circumvents several of the problems of conventional matching was described. Basically, the procedure involves pairing of subjects from two or more treatment pools after the completion of training or other treatment, but without knowledge of the performance of the subjects. Three empirical tryouts of the procedure were summarized. The procedure worked quite well when only two groups were involved and was fairly satisfactory when applied to four groups. Other experimental designs may be better when more than two groups are involved. It was concluded that matching from treatment pools after differential treatment of the pools warrants more extensive use in applied psychological research than it has been accorded in the past.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SUPERVISORY‐ AND SELF‐APPRAISALS OF EXECUTIVE PERFORMANCE
Authors: THORNTON GEORGE C. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThere has been increased use of self‐appraisal programs for evaluating the performance of executive personnel. Because objective measures of performance are rarely available or adequate for this level of personnel, ratings are often relied upon. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between supervisory‐perceptions and incumbent self‐perceptions of the performance of executive personnel. The rationale for this study was that the relationship between supervisory‐ratings and self‐ratings has important implications for the usefulness of self‐appraisal programs. If self‐evaluations are to be effective in enlisting a person's cooperation and participation, it seems essential that his perceptions agree with those of his superior. This study was designed to identify those areas of executive performance where there might be significant amounts of disagreement. Knowledge of these problem areas would then be useful in conducting self‐appraisal programs.Supervisory‐ratings and self‐ratings on 27 performance variables were obtained for the top executives of a large manufacturing corporation. A measure of promotability was used as the criterion and analysis of variance and correlation analyses were carried out to attain the objectives. The major conclusions of the study were: (1) Executives tended to rate themselves higher than they were rated by their supervisors, (2) Disagreement in the relationship of the two sets of ratings was found in several areas, (3) Executives who tended to overrate themselves were found to be the ones who were considered least promotable on the basis of a criterion measure of success in the organization.
COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF LACTIC ACID, NISIN, COATING COMBINED AND ALONE APPLICATIONS ON SOME POSTMORTEM QUALITY CRITERIA OF REFRIGERATED SARDINA PILCHARDUS
Authors: GOGUS UGUR , BOZOGLU FARUK , YURDUGUL SEYHUN 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT Fish meat is highly prone to microbiological contamination from hunting and slaughtering stages to the transportation and kitchen, especially by Pseudomonas spp. In this study, effects of nisin (0.04 g/L/kg at pH 5.2), lactic acid (5% at pH 2.9) and their combinations were studied on coated (where vegetable oil, beeswax and distilled water mixture with pH 7.2 was used as the main coating material) and noncoated fish specimens on inhibition of Pseudomonas and mesophilic aerobic bacteria (MAB) at refrigeration temperatures (+4C). Lactic acid, nisin and coating reached 5.95 log units as cfu/mL on total MAB on the seventh day of shelf life at+4C, whereas control has reached 6.62 log on the fifth day. Lactic acid, nisin and coating, and lactic acid and coating applications were determined as the most preservative applications with lowest acidity losses and highest bacterial inhibition, including Pseudomonas spp. (P < 0.01).
THE EFFECTS OF FLAXSEED, SOY AND CORN FLOURS ON THE TEXTURAL AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF A BAKERY PRODUCT
Authors: ALPASLAN MEHMET , HAYTA MEHMET 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to assess the effects of some healthy ingredients on the properties of a ring‐shaped bagel/pretzel‐type bakery product to offer an alternative product satisfying consumer demand. For this purpose, ground flaxseed, defatted soy flour and corn flour were blended at a weight basis with wheat flour at 5, 10 and 15%. The taste score decreased upon increasing the level of substitution of flaxseed, soy and corn flours. Samples containing 15% of flaxseed were rated poorest in taste. No significant difference was observed in crust color except 15% level of flaxseed. The control sample had highest crust color value. The crispness scores of control and other samples containing 5% corn flour were higher than that of other samples. The samples with 5% flaxseed flour had lower crust L values. Flaxseed, soy and corn flour showed significant effects on the hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, gumminess, fracture force and stiffness values (P < 0.05). Samples with 15% corn flour had the highest hardness value. The results of the present study suggest that flaxseed, soy and corn flours could be added to a typical snack formulation up to levels of 10% with a reasonable acceptance offering promising nutritious and healthy alternative to consumers.
Hedging and Value in the U.S. Airline Industry
Authors: Carter David A. , Rogers Daniel A. , Simkins Betty J. 
Published: December 2006

This article discusses the findings and practical import of the authors' study of the fuel hedging activity of 28 U.S. airlines during the period 1992‐2003. The aim of the study was to answer the following question: Does fuel hedging add value to the airlines and, if so, how? The airline industry provides a natural experiment for investigating the relation between hedging and value for a number of reasons: (1) the industry is by and large competitive and remarkably homogeneous; (2) airlines are exposed to a single, volatile input commodity—jet fuel—that represents a major economic expense for all competitors; and (3) fuel price increases cannot be easily passed through to customers because of competitive pressures in the industry.The results of the study show that jet fuel hedging is positively related to airline firm value. Those airlines that hedged their fuel costs had Tobin's Q ratios that were 5‐10% higher, on average, than those of airlines that did not hedge. What's more, the higher the proportion of future fuel requirements hedged, the larger the valuation premium. The authors' results also suggest that the main source of value added by hedging in the airline industry is its role in preserving the firm's ability to take advantage of investment opportunities that arise when fuel prices are high and airline operating cash fl ows and values are down. Consistent with this argument, the study finds that the value premium associated with hedging increases with the level of the firm's capital spending.The authors also report that the most active hedgers of fuel costs among the airlines are the larger firms with the least debt and highest credit ratings. This result is somewhat surprising, at least to the extent that smaller airlines are expected to have larger financial distress costs (as a percentage of firm value) and hence greater motive to hedge. One explanation is that the smaller airlines have lacked either sufficient resources or the strategic foresight to acquire a derivatives hedging capability. A second possibility—one that is consistent with the study's main findings—is that the largest airlines also have the highest costs of financial distress (even as a percentage of firm value) in the form of larger growth opportunities that could be lost as a result of high leverage and financial risk. In other words, only the largest airlines are typically able to buy distressed assets during periods of industry weakness; to the extent this is so, such firms may also have the most to gain from hedging.
Factors influencing the short‐term outcome following thoracic surgery in 98 dogs
Authors: Tattersall J. A. , Welsh E. 
Published: December 2006

Objectives:To evaluate the factors influencing the short‐term (<14 days) outcome of thoracic surgery in dogs.Methods:A retrospective review of 98 dogs undergoing thoracotomy over a five‐year period was undertaken.Results:A pre‐operative diagnosis was achieved in 69 per cent of cases. Intrathoraic neoplasia had the lowest pre‐operative diagnosis rate (5·5 per cent). Mortality rates of 21 per cent were recorded and were significantly higher for intrathoracic neoplasia (50 per cent) and significantly lower for persistent ductus arteriosus (7·4 per cent) and vascular ring anomaly (0 per cent). Median sternotomy was the preferred approach for pyothorax (85 per cent) and penetrating thoracic injuries (66 per cent). Intercostal thoracotomy was the preferred approach for all other diseases. Postoperative complications occurred in 39 per cent of cases. Wound complications were more common for pyothorax (45 per cent) and following median sternotomy (71 per cent). Thoracic drains were placed in 77 per cent of cases and complications were recorded in 23 per cent. Pyothorax and chylothorax had thoracic drains maintained for significantly longer periods of time. Longer thoracic drain duration was correlated significantly with increased complication rates.ClinicalSignificance:The short‐term outcome following thoracic surgery is influenced by diagnosis. The thoracic approach is determined by intrathoracic disease, but may influence outcome by affecting the incidence of postoperative wound complications. The risk of thoracic drain complications increases with drain duration, which is influenced by the underlying disease. Drains should be maintained for the minimal amount of time possible.
Thoracic bite trauma in dogs: a comparison of clinical and radiological parameters with surgical results
Authors: Scheepens E. T. F. , Peeters M. E. , L’Eplattenier H. F. , Kirpensteijn J. 
Published: December 2006

Objectives:Canine bite wounds may cause severe underlying tissue trauma even with no clinically evident puncture wounds. In order to assess the ability of pre‐operative diagnostic parameters to predict the extent of internal damage inflicted by a thoracic bite wound, the clinical, radiological and surgical data of 45 dogs that sustained thoracic bite trauma were recorded.Methods:Clinical, radiographic and surgical parameters from 45 dogs of various breeds with thoracic bite trauma, were analysed (P<0·05). All dogs were treated according to a previously described protocol and had exploratory surgery including a thoracotomy.Results:Mainly small‐breed dogs were traumatised. Clinical and radiological data were suggestive of internal trauma but not reliable as accurate indicators for internal lesions. Only radiological evidence of lung contusion was significantly associated with the presence of surgically confirmed lung contusion (P=0·006). Dogs with postoperative wound complications had a significantly higher risk of dying than those without complications (P=0·04).ClinicalSignificance:This study concludes that according to protocol an optimal management of thoracic bite wounds in small dogs includes surgical exploration of the wound and the thoracic cavity in the presence of flail or pseudo‐flail chest, fractured ribs, radiological evidence of lung contusion, pneumothorax or any combination of these.
Use of biochemical markers of osteoarthritis to investigate the potential disease‐modifying effect of tibial plateau levelling osteotomy
Authors: Girling S. L. , Bell S. C. , Whitelock R. G. , Rayward R. M. , Thomson D. G. , Carter S. C. , Vaughan‐Thomas A. , Innes J. F. 
Published: December 2006

Objectives:To evaluate the hypothesis that the concentration of the 1/20/5D4 epitope of keratan sulphate, cartilage oligomeric matrix protein and total sulphated glycosaminoglycans in synovial fluids from dogs with cranial cruciate ligament disease would be affected by tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. In addition, to evaluate the hypothesis that medial meniscal release or meniscal injury would alter the expression of these candidate biomarkers.Methods:Forty‐one dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease were recruited prospectively. Synovial fluids were collected from the index joint before surgery and six weeks and six months postsurgery. Following tibial plateau levelling osteotomy, synovial fluids were assayed for 1/20/5D4 epitope of keratan sulphate and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein concentration using an inhibition ELISA and for sulphated glycosaminoglycans using a direct dye‐binding assay.Results:The sulphated glycosaminoglycans ratio did not change significantly during the study. Medial meniscal injury at entry was associated with lower concentrations of synovial fluid cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (P<0·05, unpairedttest). There was no association between medial meniscal release and the changes in marker concentrations, either from 0 to six weeks or 0 to six months.ClinicalSignificance:Tibial plateau levelling osteotomy did not significantly alter the expression of the named candidate biomarkers. These findings reflect the limited nature of the arthrotomy or indicate that tibial plateau levelling osteotomy does not influence the progression of osteoarthritis (OA). From these studies, there is no evidence that tibial plateau levelling osteotomy affects cartilage metabolism.
Comparison of three techniques for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections in dogs with urolithiasis
Authors: Gatoria I. S. , Saini N. S. , Rai T. S. , Dwivedi P. N. 
Published: December 2006

Objectives:To identify an appropriate sampling technique(s) to accurately detect the bacteria causing urinary tract infections in dogs with urolithiasis.Methods:Twenty‐one dogs with urolithiasis were included in the study. Three types of samples were taken from each dog. Urine was collected by cystocentesis, and a urinary bladder mucosal biopsy and urolith were retrieved during cystotomy. The samples were then cultured on blood agar and MacConkey’s agar to identify the bacteria associated with urinary tract infections.Results:Bacterial urinary tract infection was found in 16 cases (76·19 per cent). The most prevalent bacteria found to cause urinary tract infection wereEscherichia coli(n=7), followed by coagulase‐positiveStaphylococcusspecies (n=4),Klebsiella pneumoniae(n=2),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(n=2) andProteus mirabilis(n=1). In the case of a positive urine culture, the same bacteria were also cultured from the urinary bladder mucosal biopsy alone or from both the urinary bladder mucosal biopsy and urolith. However, in the case of a negative urine culture, bacteria were found to be present in the urinary bladder mucosal biopsy or urolith cultures in 23·81 per cent of dogs. The uroliths that gave positive culture results were either infection‐induced uroliths composed of struvite and calcium carbonate phosphate, ammonium acid urate only or metabolic uroliths composed of calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate, or calcium phosphate only. All the uroliths that gave negative culture results were metabolic uroliths composed of calcium oxalate and/or calcium phosphate, and uric acid and calcium phosphate.ClinicalSignificance:When the culture from the urine obtained by cystocentesis is negative, cultures of urinary bladder mucosal biopsy and urolith are recommended in dogs with urolithiasis in order to accurately assess the microbiological status of the urinary tract.
A Spontaneous Joint Infection with
Corynebacterium striatum
Authors: Scholle David 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Corynebacterium striatum
is a ubiquitous saprophyte with the potential to cause bacteremia in immunocompromised patients. Until now, spontaneous infection of a natural joint has not been reported. When phenotyping failed, gene sequencing was used to identify the species. The isolate demonstrated high-level resistance to most antibiotics.
Relationship between Cytomegalovirus DNA Load in Epithelial Lining Fluid and Plasma of Lung Transplant Recipients and Analysis of Coinfection with Epstein-Barr Virus and Human Herpesvirus 6 in the Lung Compartment
Authors: Bauer Claudia C. , Jaksch Peter , Aberle Stephan W. , Haber Heinrich , Lang Gyoergy , Klepetko Walter , Hofmann Hanns , Puchhammer-Stöckl Elisabeth 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). The aim of the present study was to elucidate the relationship between the CMV DNA load in the lung compartment and that in plasma. For CMV load determination, the level of CMV DNA in plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) samples was measured in a total of 97 paired BAL and plasma samples obtained from 25 LTRs. The original virus concentration in the epithelial lining fluid (ELF) was calculated from the BAL samples by correcting for dilution using the urea dilution method. In addition, the load of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and that of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) DNA also were determined in BAL samples, recalculated for their concentrations in the ELF, and compared with the CMV DNA load. CMV DNA was found more frequently and at significantly higher levels in the lung compartment than in plasma (
P
< 0.001, Wilcoxon test), and the CMV load in the ELF was associated with symptomatic CMV disease. EBV and HHV-6 were detected in 43.6% and 21.7% of the ELF samples, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the CMV and EBV DNA loads in the ELF (
P
< 0.001; Spearman's rho = 0.651). Thus, in LTRs, determination of the CMV DNA load in the lung compartment may be advantageous compared to monitoring only viremia. The significant relationship between EBV and CMV DNA loads in the ELF of LTRs and its clinical impact require further investigation.