bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The hydrogen permeation investigation of API X56 steel in sea mud
Authors: Zhu Y. , Huang Y. , Zheng C. , Yu Q. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt was found that the corrosion rate of steel in the sea mud with sulfate‐reducing bacteria (SRB) could be as high as 10 times of that in the sea mud without SRB. And the hydrogen permeation reaction would occur when metals were corroded. So it is necessary to investigate the effect of living SRB on hydrogen permeation in the sea mud. Cathodic potential was often added to metals in order to protect them. But hydrogen permeation could be affected by the cathodic potential. So it is also necessary to study the effect of cathodic potential on hydrogen permeation. In this paper, the hydrogen permeation actions of API X56 steel in the sea mud with and without SRB at corrosion and cathodic potential were studied with an improved Devanathan‐Stachurski's electrolytic cell. Experimental results showed that during the growth of SRB, the current density curve of hydrogen permeation was accordant with the growth curve of SRB. But the hydrogen permeation current density of API X56 steel hardly changed in the sterilized sea mud. Compared with the hydrogen permeation current density of API X56 steel in the sterilized sea mud, the hydrogen permeation of API X56 steel in the sea mud could be accelerated by living SRB. Experimental results also showed that the hydrogen permeation current density increased rapidly when the cathodic potential was added to the three‐electrode system of the cathodic cell, and then the hydrogen permeation current density could obtain a stable value slowly. So the cathodic potential added to the cathodic cell could accelerate hydrogen permeation.
Cavendish's crocodile and dark horse: The lives of Rutherford and Aston in parallel
Authors: Downard Kevin M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractErnest Rutherford and Francis Aston were born a world apart but both would become two of the most influential physicists of their time. Their separate training, under the direction of J.J. Thomson at the Cavendish Laboratory, shaped their future and allowed both men to develop and apply their considerable skills in experimental physics. It also catalyzed their careers and ultimately led to each receiving a Nobel Prize. Although they had very different characters, Rutherford and Aston became close colleagues and confidants who spent considerable time together within the confines of the Cavendish Laboratory, at Trinity College, and elsewhere in Cambridge. They also traveled the world in company, usually as part of a group or British delegation of scientists attending conferences and meetings overseas. This article parallels the lives of the two men. It describes how they came to work at the Cavendish, their scientific accomplishments and accolades, and their activities and interactions away from the laboratory. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 26:713–723, 2007
Low p38 MAPK and JNK activation in cultured hepatocytes of DRH rats; a strain highly resistant to hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Honmo Satoshi , Ozaki Atsuko , Yamamoto Masahiro , Hashimoto Norikazu , Miyakoshi Masaaki , Tanaka Hiroki , Yoshie Masumi , Tamakawa Susumu , Tokusashi Yoshihiko , Yaginuma Yuji , Kasai Shinichi , Ogawa Katsuhiro 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDRH rats are a hepatocarcinogenesis‐resistant strain isolated from hepatocarcinogenesis‐sensitive Donryu rats, and the liver of DRH shows less histological damage and fewer/smaller neoplastic hepatic lesions by the treatment with hepatocarcinogens. To investigate the mechanism of the resistance, the properties of hepatocytes of DRH and Donryu were compared. In primary culture, DRH hepatocytes exhibited higher proliferation and less apoptosis than Donryu hepatocytes in the presence of EGF and insulin. However, such difference was not correlated to the degree of DNA damage associated with cell culture or cell cycle checkpoint function. Although the mitogen‐activated protein kinases [EGF receptor (EGFR) and extracellular signal regulating kinases (ERK1/2)] were activated to the same degree, the stress‐activated protein kinases [p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38) and c‐jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK)] were activated to a lesser degree in the DRH hepatocytes. Treatment with 2‐acetylaminofluorene (2‐AAF) in vivo also resulted in less JNK and p38 activation in the DRH livers. Furthermore, apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was inhibited by the lysate from the DRH but not by the Donryu hepatocytes. The low activation of the stress‐activated protein kinases may be linked to the resistance to cellular stress, which may underlie the hepatocarcinogenesis‐resistance in DRH rats. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of age on geriatric depression scale performance in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Weintraub Daniel , Saboe Kirsten , Stern Matthew B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to compare the validity of the 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS‐15) in nonelderly (<65 years), young‐elderly (age, 65–75), and old‐elderly (>75 years) patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). 57 nonelderly, 88 young‐elderly, and 81 old‐elderly PD patients were administered the GDS‐15 and the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐IV depression module. Receiver‐operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted for GDS‐15 scores against a DSM‐IV diagnosis of major or minor depression. The discriminant validity of the GDS‐15 was high for nonelderly, young‐elderly, and old‐elderly subjects (ROC area under curve = 0.92, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively), with optimal dichotomization at a cut‐off of 4/5 (85% sensitivity and 84% specificity in nonelderly; 89% sensitivity and 82% specificity in young‐elderly) and 5/6 (90% sensitivity and 90% specificity in old‐elderly). In conclusion, the GDS‐15 has comparable validity in younger and older PD patients, suggesting its appropriateness as a depression screening instrument in PD patients of all ages. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson's disease in an international setting; Study using nonmotor symptoms questionnaire in 545 patients
Authors: Martinez‐Martin Pablo , Schapira Anthony H.V. , Stocchi Fabrizio , Sethi Kapil , Odin Per , MacPhee Graeme , Brown Richard G. , Naidu Yogini , Clayton Lisa , Abe Kazuo , Tsuboi Yoshio , MacMahon Dough , Barone Paolo , Rabey Martin , Bonuccelli Ubaldo , Forbes Alison , Breen Kieran , Tluk Susanne , Olanow C. Warren , Thomas Sue , Rye David , Hand Annette , Williams Adrian J. , Ondo William , Chaudhuri K. Ray 
Published: June 2007

Abstract2006, there was, no single instrument (questionnaire or scale) for attempting a comprehensive assessment of the wide range of nonmotor symptoms (NMS) of Parkinson's disease (PD). The PD nonmotor group, a multidisciplinary group of experts including patient group representatives developed and validated the NMS screening questionnaire (NMSQuest) comprising 30 items. The NMSQuest is a self completed screening tool designed to draw attention to the presence of NMS. In this paper, we present the results gathered from 545 patients using the definitive version of the NMSQuest highlighting the prevalence of the wide range of NMS flagged in the NMSQuest from consecutive PD patients in an international setting. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
Dynamic changes in the localization of five members of the methyl binding domain (MBD) gene family during murine and bovine preimplantation embryo development
Authors: Ruddock‐D'Cruz Nancy T. , Xue Jun , Wilson Katrina J. , Heffernan Corey , Prashadkumar Sivachelvi , Cooney Melissa A. , Sanchez‐Partida L. Gabriel , French Andrew J. , Holland Michael K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThere are five methyl binding domain (MBD) proteins characterized by a methyl CpG‐binding domain. Four MBD proteins (MeCP2 and MBDs 1–3) are linked to transcriptional repression and one (MBD4), to DNA repair. During preimplantation development, the embryo undergoes global demethylation following fertilization and selective remethylation following the maternal to zygotic transition (MZT). This study characterized changes in MBD mRNA expression and protein localization during both murine and bovine preimplantation development. These species were selected because they undergo MZT at different developmental stages. Gene expression profiling during preimplantation development detected the presence of all MBDs examined, although stage and species‐specific differences were observed. MBD2 was not expressed in murine or bovine oocytes and MeCP2 was not detected in murine blastocysts, subcellular protein localization was found to vary at time points critical in development. Most MBDs showed species‐specificity in localization patterns and differences were found between individual MBDs. MBD1 localization is consistent with a novel role during MZT for both species. MBD3, known to play a crucial role in murine embryogenesis, was highly localized to the nucleus before and after, but not during the MZT in the bovine. MBD2, MBD4, and MeCP2 show varying patterns of localization which indicate possible roles in the early cleavage stages and in inner cell mass differentiation. Further experiments are currently underway to define discreet functional roles for specific MBDs during bovine preimplantation embryogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 48–59, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transient transgene transmission to piglets by intrauterine insemination of spermatozoa incubated with DNA fragments
Authors: Wu Zhenfang , Li Zicong , Yang Jinzeng 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn efficient and low‐cost production of transgenic pigs has significant applications to the pig industry and biomedical science. Generation of transgenic pig by sperm‐mediated gene transfer (SMGT) was inexpensive and convenient, and reported with high efficiency. To test the method of SMGT in pigs, we employed deep post‐cervical intrauterine insemination of incubated spermatozoa in this study. A test of sperm motility of semen from nine Landrace boars after incubation with radioactively labeled DNA construct indicated that DNA uptake of the sperm was highly correlated with sperm motility at the time of collection. DNA concentration of 50 and 300 µg per one billion sperm was incubated with washed high‐motility sperm at 17°C for 2 hr. Twenty one hybrid gilts and sows of Meishan crossed with Large White were inseminated with transgene‐incubated sperm and produced 156 piglets. Transgene DNA sequences were identified in 31 piglets by PCR amplification of genomic DNA isolated from piglet ears at the age of 3 days. The deep intrauterine insemination had a higher rate of positive transgenic piglets than regular insemination (29.6% of 98 piglets vs. 3.4% of 58 piglets). However, the exogenous transgene DNA was not detected in any piglets at the age of 70–100 days. Therefore, the results further demonstrated that transgene through incubation with spermatozoa was mostly transiently transmitted to the offspring at early growing stage and lost in adulthood, which may result from episomal DNA replications during cell divisions only at the early stage of development. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 75: 26–32, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence‐based management for polymyalgia rheumatica for rheumatology practitioners, nurses and physiotherapists
Authors: Hennell Sheena , Busteed S. , George E. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractEvidence‐based practice is an increasingly popular term, used in a variety of clinical settings and situations. Practitioners are encouraged to use best evidence as part of clinical decision‐making when caring for individual patients. This evidence, combined with practitioner expertise and knowledge, aims to inform practice, ensuring that accurate, effective and safe treatment options are utilized. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antipyretic drug use in children in French office based medical practice
Authors: Deligne Jean , Grimaldi Lamiae , Jonville‐Béra Annie‐Pierre , Giraudeau Bruno , Blum‐Boisgard Claudine , Autret‐Leca Elisabeth 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPurposeTo analyse antipyretics (APs) prescriptions profile in children, particularly the frequency of AP combinations.MethodsAPs (acetylsalicylic acid, paracetamol, ibuprofen or ketoprofen) prescribed to children below 12 years and refunded by a public health insurer in 2003, throughout France, were examined.ResultsA total of 513 034 prescriptions were refunded for 240 720 children. The mean number of AP prescriptions per child was the highest in children aged 6 months to 2 years. Paracetamol was the main AP prescribed, but its prescription declined with age, from 90.8% below 3 months old to 57.4% between 6 and 12 years old. Ibuprofen‐only prescriptions were rare below 3 months and maximal between 2 and 6 years. The ibuprofen/paracetamol combination was prescribed from 6 months old, and its frequency was maximal between 2 and 6 years old (21.7%).ConclusionsThe clear predominance of paracetamol prescriptions suggests that French prescribers are relatively aware of the relative risk‐benefit ratio of the different APs. Studies are required to determine if the APs are prescribed to be used alternately or when a monotherapy fails. Guidelines to manage fever in children are needed in France to restrict APs combination to the case of paracetamol failure. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and characterization of a polyfluorene containing carbazole and oxadiazole dipolar pendent groups and its application to electroluminescent devices
Authors: Yuan Mao‐Chuan , Shih Ping‐I , Chien Chen‐Han , Shu Ching‐Fong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have synthesized a blue‐light‐emitting polyfluorene (PF) derivative (PF‐CBZ‐OXD) that presents bulky hole‐transporting carbazole and electron‐transporting oxadiazole pendent groups functionalized at the C‐9 positions of alternating fluorene units. The results from photoluminescence and electrochemical measurements indicate that both the side chains and the PF main chain retain their own electronic characteristics in the copolymer. An electroluminescent device incorporating this polymer as the emitting layer was turned on at 4.5 V; it exhibited a stable blue emission with a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.1%. Moreover, we doped PF‐CBZ‐OXD and its analogue PF‐TPA‐OXD with a red‐light‐emitting iridium phosphor for use as components of phosphorescent red‐light emitters to investigate the effect of the host's HOMO energy level on the degree of charge trapping and on the electrophosphorescent efficiency. We found that spectral overlap and individual energy level matching between the host and guest were both crucial features affecting the performance of the electroluminescence devices. Atomic force microscopy measurements indicated that the dipolar nature of PF‐CBZ‐OXD, in contrast to the general nonpolarity of polydialkylfluorenes, provided a stabilizing environment that allowed homogeneous dispersion of the polar iridium triplet dopant. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2925–2937, 2007
White electroluminescence from a single polymer: A blue‐emitting polyfluorene incorporating orange‐emitting benzoselenadiazole segments on its main chain
Authors: Chien Chen‐Han , Shih Ping‐I , Shu Ching‐Fong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe have developed efficient white‐light‐emitting polymers through the incorporation of low‐bandgap orange‐light‐emitting benzoselenadiazole (BSeD) moieties into the backbone of a blue‐light‐emitting bipolar polyfluorene (PF) copolymer, which contains hole‐transporting triphenylamine and electron‐transporting oxadiazole pendent groups. By carefully controlling the concentrations of the low‐energy‐emitting species in the resulting copolymers, partial energy transfer from the blue‐fluorescent PF backbone to the orange‐fluorescent segments led to a single polymer emitting white light and exhibiting two balanced blue and orange emissions simultaneously. Efficient polymer light‐emitting devices prepared using this copolymer exhibited luminance efficiencies as high as 4.1 cd/A with color coordinates (0.30, 0.36) located in the white‐light region. Moreover, the color coordinates remained almost unchanged over a range of operating potentials. A mechanistic study revealed that energy transfer from the PF backbone to the low‐bandgap segments, rather than charge trapping, was the main operating process involved in the electroluminescence process. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 2938–2946, 2007
Hot spots—A review of the protein–protein interface determinant amino‐acid residues
Authors: Moreira Irina S. , Fernandes Pedro A. , Ramos Maria J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractProteins tendency to bind to one another in a highly specific manner forming stable complexes is fundamental to all biological processes. A better understanding of complex formation has many practical applications, which include the rational design of new therapeutic agents, and the analysis of metabolic and signal transduction networks. Alanine‐scanning mutagenesis made possible the detection of the functional epitopes, and demonstrated that most of the protein–protein binding energy is related only to a group of few amino acids at intermolecular protein interfaces: the hot spots. The scope of this review is to summarize all the available information regarding hot spots for a better atomic understanding of their structure and function. The ultimate objective is to improve the rational design of complexes of high affinity and specificity as well as that of small molecules, which can mimic the functional epitopes of the proteic complexes. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamics of heteropentameric nicotinic acetylcholine receptor: Implications of the gating mechanism
Authors: Szarecka Agnieszka , Xu Yan , Tang Pei 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe dynamics characteristics of the currently available structure of Torpedo nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR), including the extracellular, transmembrane, and intracellular domains (ICDs), were analyzed using the Gaussian Network Model (GNM) and Anisotropic Network Model (ANM). We found that a symmetric quaternary twist motion, reported previously in the literature in a homopentameric receptor (Cheng et al. J Mol Biol 2006;355:310–324; Taly et al. Biophys J 2005;88:3954–3965), occurred also in the heteropentameric Torpedo nAChR. We believe, however, that the symmetric twist alone is not sufficient to explain a large body of experimental data indicating asymmetry and subunit nonequivalence during gating. Here we report our results supporting the hypothesis that a combination of symmetric and asymmetric motions opens the gate. We show that the asymmetric motion involves tilting of the TM2 helices. Furthermore, our study reveals three additional aspects of channel dynamics: (1) loop A serves as an allosteric mediator between the ligand binding loops and those at the domain interface, particularly the linker between TM2 and TM3; (2) the ICD can modulate the pore dynamics and thus should not be neglected in gating studies; and (3) the F loops, which are peculiarly longer and poorly‐conserved in non‐α‐subunits, have important dynamical implications. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of the oxygen nonstoichiometry on the structure and magnetic properties of Nd2CoMnO6+δ double perovskites
Authors: Sazonov A. P. , Troyanchuk I. O. , Sikolenko V. V. , Szymczak H. , Bärner K. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe properties of Nd2CoMnO6+δ (δ up to 0.12) were investigated by means of neutron powder diffraction and magnetization measurements. It is found that the samples exhibit partial ordering of Co and Mn ions which strongly affects the magnetic properties. Ionic disorder increases with the oxygen content. According to neutron diffraction the stoichiometric and nonstoichiometric samples show ferromagnetic components which decreases as the oxygen content increases. The magnetization study of the strongly oxidized sample reveals a metamagnetic behavior. It is assumed that metamagnetism results from clusters with short‐range antiferromagnetic order. Enhancement of the oxygen content leads to a conversion of Co2+ into low spin Co3+ and the appearance of a cationic vacancy which destroys the ionic order and stabilizes the overall antiferromagnetic behavior. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Strong quenching of Y2SiO5:Pr3+ nanocrystal luminescence by praseodymium nonuniform distribution
Authors: Zhmurin P. N. , Znamenskii N. V. , Yukina T. G. , Malyukin Yu. V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractUsing site‐selective and time‐resolved spectroscopy technique in combination with single molecular spectroscopy technique the concentration quenching of the 1D2 luminescence of Pr3+ ions has been examined in Y2SiO5:Pr3+ nanocrystals. The direct comparison of the data obtained for nano‐ and bulk Y2SiO5:Pr3+ crystals has revealed that the concentration threshold of luminescence quenching is strikingly low for nanocrystals. In this case the ordered stage in the 1D2 luminescence decay has been observed at anomalously low Pr concentration (0.5 at%). This effect is caused by the preferred Pr accumulation at the nanocrystal periphery that provides the relaxation of elastic tension arising due to the difference of ionic radii of Pr3+ and Y3+. The temporal behavior of the 1D2 luminescence decay in the disordered stage shows that the concentration quenching is caused by the cooperative cross‐relaxation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure of the Ge(111)‐5 × 5 wetting layer on Si(111)‐7 × 7
Authors: Psiachos D. , Stott M. J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis work reports an ab initio study of the Ge(111)‐5 × 5 reconstruction, which forms on top of a Si(111)‐7 × 7 substrate. Detailed descriptions of the structural and electronic properties of this surface, obtained from density‐functional calculations, are presented and analyzed. Many similarities with the structural and electronic–electronic properties of related structures such as Si(111)‐7 × 7 and Si(111)‐5 × 5 were found, in particular the similar localisation properties of the eigenstates around the fermi level, the non‐zero density of states at the fermi level, a larger charge density associated with the dangling bonds on the faulted half cell compared with those of the unfaulted half, and the structural relaxations of key surface atoms and bonds, although the magnitudes of these relaxations are somewhat smaller than has been calculated for Si(111)‐7 × 7. The calculated charge density distribution is interpreted in terms of population analysis to obtain information on the bonding mechanisms at the surface. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
First‐principle study of structural stability and electronic properties of Zn1–xBex O semiconductor alloy
Authors: Thangavel R. , Rajagopalan M. , Kumar J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report the electronic structure calculation of Zn1–x Bex O alloy in the chalcopyrite, wurtzite, zincblende and rocksalt (NaCl) structures. From this study it has been found that Zn1–x Bex O alloy is a direct band gap semiconductor and, from energy considerations, this alloy is found to be more stable in the chalcopyrite‐type structure rather than in the rocksalt‐ or wurtzite‐type structures. The band‐gap value, cohesive energy, bulk modulus, heat of formation and disorder parameter (gap bowing) are deduced and reported for the first time to our knowledge. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)