bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of nursing education on job effectiveness: An overview of the literature
Authors: McCloskey Joanne Comi 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn overview of the published studies on the effectiveness of a nursing education as it relates to job performance is presented. Selected literature is reviewed and divided into three areas of study: competency, performance, and quality of care. The literature revealed contradictory evidence on the value of baccalaureate nursing education. More important, the review demonstrates a lack of rigorous research in this area. Suggested research directions include the measurement of individual performance rather than the perception of group performance, the development of better instruments, and control of the setting and individual variables that affect job performance. It is recommended that nursing effectiveness be defined in terms of both patient outcomes and nurse performance.
Parents' views of the response of siblings to a pediatric hospitalization
Authors: Knafl Kathleen Astin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this study, parents describe siblings' adjustments to a brother's or sister's hospitalization. The families of children hospitalized for relatively usual, non‐life‐threatening reasons were investigated. The relationship between patterns of sibling participation and family structure and sibling response were explored. Sibling responses were studied through intensive interviews with parents. Interviews were conducted using semistructured interview guides and took place within 24 hours of the child's admission and again from 4 to 6 weeks after the child's discharge from the hospital. Families (N = 59) were divided into those in which siblings participated actively in adjusting to the hospitalization and those in which siblings were passive participants in the adjustment process. Sibling participation was discussed as a function of family structure. Parents reported few negative sibling responses to hospitalization. The quality of sibling response was related to the amount of change experienced.
The effect of centralized decision‐making on work satisfaction among nursing educators
Authors: Grandjean Burke D. , Bonjean Charles M. , Aiken Linda H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between work satisfaction and centralization of organizational decision‐making was examined using survey data from faculty members at four baccalaureate degree schools of nursing, supplemented by interviews with the deans. In a multiple regression analysis, centralization was a significant predictor of satisfaction (p < .01), with other relevant variables controlled. In tests for statistical interaction, the effect of centralization on satisfaction did not depend on the strength of faculty members' desires for professional autonomy. The results suggested the potential benefits of changes in organizational decision‐making to increase faculty participation.
Father participation in child care: A critical review
Authors: Cronenwett Linda R. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNurses have provided much of the impetus for including fathers in perinatal activities during the last decade. Little is known, however, about what happens to father participation in child care after the family leaves the hospital. The major difficulty in interpreting father participation research is that no two studies use the same definition or measure of father participation. Findings are therefore, difficult to integrate into a meaningful conceptual framework which could guide practice. The purpose of this paper is to review past studies of father participation, extract the definitions of father participation implied by the measures used, discuss the methodological problems of measuring father participation, and develop guidelines for future measures that might advance this body of research.
Toward a construct of perimenstrual distress
Authors: Woods Nancy Fugate , Most Ada , Dery Gretchen Kramer 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent research findings contradict the notion that premenstrual and menstrual symptoms constitute two mutually exclusive categories of perimenstrual distress. The purposes of this study were to describe the prevalence of distress associated with menstruation in a community population and to determine whether perimenstrual distress could be regarded as a single construct. Nonpregnant women (N = 193) between 18 and 35 were selected from five neighborhoods in a southeastern city in a way that allowed for variability in race and income. The women were interviewed in their homes and 179 were asked to complete the Moos Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ). At least 30% of the women reported weight gain, skin disorders, backache, painful or tender breasts, irritability, depression, headache, cramps, fatigue, swelling, mood swings or tension in the perimenstruum. Cycle phase differences were not found for 31 MDQ symptoms, but were found for: weight gain, crying, lowered school or work performance, taking naps, headache, skin disorders, cramps, anxiety, backache, fatigue, painful or tender breasts, swelling, irritability, mood swings, depression, and tension. Although there were significant differences between the premenstrual and menstrual phases for certain symptoms, the magnitudes of the mean differences were small (< .3) except for cramps, weight gain, and fatigue. Furthermore, premenstrual and menstrual reports of the same symptoms were highly correlated. Thus, it appears reasonable to study perimenstrual distress as a single construct.
Ratings of physical and mental health in the older bereaved
Authors: Valanis Barbara G. , Yeaworth Rosalee 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSubjective and objective ratings of mental and physical health were compared, using data from a larger study of older bereaved persons. Variation by age, race, and sex of subjects also was investigated. Sixty widowed individuals, aged 58–83, whose spouses died within the previous three months were identified through death certificates. Subjects were interviewed in their homes using a modification of the Older Americans' Resources and Services, Multidimensional Functional Assessment Questionnaire (OARS), which provides objective and subjective ratings of mental and physical health. The Zung Self‐Rating Depression Scale was used to quantify intensity of depression. Subjective ratings of physical health are primarily positive and significantly better than the objective ratings, particularly for women. In general, subjective and objective ratings of mental health do not differ. Interviewer ratings of physical health show significant variation by age of subjects rated. Findings are discussed in terms of reference group comparisons and of implications for design and interpretation of morbidity studies of widowed.
Continuing education and the professional orientation of nurses
Authors: Schoen Delores C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationships among continuing education (CE) of nurses, their professional orientation, and selected background characteristics were examined. It was hypothesized that attitudes toward, and participation in, CE were related to professional orientation and not to background. Data were obtained from 82% of a random sample of 395 currently registered nurses living in a midwestern state. The results of a multiple regression analysis were consistent with the study hypotheses. Attitudes toward CE were predicted best by attitudes toward the professionalization of nursing and by future career intentions. Participation in CE was predicted best by current employment status, formal education beyond the initial nursing program, and independent learning activities. None of the four background variables (age, initial nursing program, parental status, and marital status) was a significant predictor. CE was seen, therefore, as an activity of professionally oriented nurses.
Professional association membership of nurses: Factors affecting membership and the decision to join an association
Authors: Yeager Samuel J. , Kline Mary 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this article factors such as education, employment characteristics, and association benefits which are associated with nurses joining and remaining in professional nursing associations are identified. The impact of these factors on association membership was determined through a survey of 225 nurses in one midwestern state. On the basis of these empirical results recommendations are made which should be useful to professional associations seeking to attract new members and keep their present ones.
Relationship of age, american college testing scores, grade point average, and state board examination scores
Authors: Aldag Jean , Rose Sharon 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationships between age and American College Testing (ACT) scores to college grade point average (GPA), and State Board scores were studied. The sample consisted of 787 persons admitted by two different procedures to an associate degree nursing program over a 10‐year period. An age bias was found with significant negative correlations for each ACT score and age. The proportion of older students who graduated and passed the State Board examinations was significantly higher than the proportion of younger students. The two admission procedures resulted in similar rates for graduation and State Board passage. Age and ACT scores were not correlated with the GPA. Age and ACT scores, with the exception of mathematics, were positively correlated with the State Board scores.
Nurses with Doctoral Degrees: Education and Employment Characteristics
Authors: Brimmer Pauline F. , Skoner Martha M. , Pender Nola J. , Williams Carolyn A. , Fleming Juanita W. , Werley Harriet H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSelected education and employment characteristics of nurses with doctorates were examined. Data were obtained in late 1979 and 1980 about three time periods in the 1,964 respondents' careers: (a) doctoral study, (b) first position, and (c) current position if different from first position. Of the nurses studied, 76% completed doctoral programs in the 1970s. Education was the major field of study most frequently reported, followed by social/behavioral sciences and nursing; federal monies were the major source of financial support. Nurses with doctorates were hired in their first position primarily for teaching in baccalaureate and higher degree programs in nursing with a sizable shift to administrative roles in academia among those reporting current positions different from first positions. Only 6% to 8% of doctorally prepared nurses were hired primarily for the conduct of research in either first or current position.
Contraceptive Use by Adolescent Females in Relation to Knowledge, and to Time and Method of Contraceptive Counseling
Authors: Marcy Shirley A. , Brown Julia S. , Danielson Ross 
Published: April 2007

AbstractContraceptive behavior of adolescent females was examined in relation to their level of knowledge, and time and method of contraceptive counseling. Subjects were 122 subscribers to a prepaid health plan, 13–18 years of age, unmarried, sexually active, and not desiring pregnancy. Contraceptive counseling was offered to 62 adolescents following receipt of a negative pregnancy test and to 60 adolescents following a routine medical visit. The 80 adolescents who chose to participate in the study were randomly assigned to a conventional or developmental method of counseling. The effectiveness of their contraceptive practice was measured 1 year later. Two hypotheses were not upheld: Sexually active adolescents were not more likely to accept contraceptive counseling at the time of a negative pregnancy test than at a time of a routine medical visit, and did not subsequently become more effective users of contraceptives. Two hypotheses were upheld: Effective and ineffective users of contraception did not differ in level of knowledge, and adolescents counseled by a developmental method practiced contraception more effectively than those counseled by a conventional method. Findings are discussed in terms of the theory of adolescent development and the proposition that a pregnancy scare motivates teenagers to control fertility.
Mother‐, Father‐, and Examiner‐Reported Temperament Across the First Year of Life
Authors: Jones Colette , Parks Peggy 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Brazelton Neonatal Assessment Scale (BNAS) was administered to 19 newborns, and their fathers completed the Broussard Neonatal Perception Inventory (NPI‐I); at 1 year of age, the infants' fathers and mothers completed the Perception of Baby Temperament (PBT) scale. The 19 infants were first born, full‐term, and the result of normal, vaginal deliveries. Relationships were found between examiner‐reported temperament (BNAS) and both father‐ and mother‐reported temperament at 1 year (PBT). Fathers were sensitive to the physical dimension of temperament and mothers were sensitive to the adaptive dimension. Three father‐reported newborn behaviors (NPI‐I) were related to father‐reported temperament at 1 year (PBT). Little relationship between father‐ and mother‐reported temperament (PBT) was found when infants were 1 year of age. Findings can be used to plan future research on newborn behavior, parental characteristics, and parental perceptions of 1‐year‐olds' temperaments.
Nurse Practitioner and Physician Roles: Delineation and Complementarity of Practice
Authors: Davidson Richard A. , Lauver Diane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractBecause of differences in education and role preparation, nurse practitioners (NPs) and physicians (MDs) may assume either complementary or substitutive roles in patient care. To describe role complementarity and similarity, the role perceptions of 15 NPs and 15MDs in joint practice were assessed. Ten NP and MD respondent pairs were selected from a variety of ambulatory primary care settings (urban, rural, public, private, and health maintenance organizations), and five NP‐MD pairs were chosen at random. A questionnaire of nine patient vignettes was created; respondents rated the appropriateness of their role in managing the clients described in each vignette using an 8‐point scale. Significant differences existed between NP and MD perceived roles for six vignettes, p < .05. NPs identified as highly role appropriate those vignettes necessitating psychosocial support and health education; MDs identified as highly role appropriate vignettes representing high risk physical conditions. The differences in NP and MD role perception were complementary.
Interpreting and Reporting Qualitative Research
Authors: Knafl Kathleen Astin , Howard Marion J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe aims of this paper were to clarify the nature and purpose of qualitative research and to suggest specific guidelines for reporting the results of qualitative studies. Confusion about the purpose of qualitative research and the absence of a standardized format for reporting such research make it difficult to assess the validity of qualitative studies. Four general purposes of qualitative research were discussed: instrument development, illustration of results, description, and conceptualization. A framework for reporting qualitative research that provides a guide for assuring consistency across original study purpose, study design, and final report was presented and can be used for either evaluating or writing a report of qualitative research.
The Effect of Transition Modules on New Graduate Adaptation
Authors: Weiss Sandra J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of educational modules to aid new graduate nurses in adapting to the work environment. An experimental group of new graduates (n = 63) and their controls (n = 58) from eight hospitals were given Corwin's Role Conception Scale, Seeman's Powerlessness Scale, Benner's Clinical Skills Inventory, and Munson's Job Satisfaction Index to measure adaptation at entry to work and 6 months later. The effects of the educational modules were determined by the adaptation measures, cognitive tests, and a Nursing Service Questionnaire. After 6 months in the work setting, the experimental group had less discrepancy between their desired and existing level of clinical skill (p < .05) and a greater orientation to bureaucratic expectations than controls (p < .01), as well as an increase in job satisfaction (p < .05) and a decrease in role deprivation (p < .05). In addition, the impact on turnover saved hospitals an average of £3, 178 for every 10 new graduates they hired.
Patients Perception of Care Under Primary and Team Nursing
Authors: Shukla Ramesh K. , Turner William E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe relationship between the structure of nursing care and patient satisfaction is examined after equalizing the quantity and quality of nursing staff. An all‐registerednurse model of primary nursing is compared to team nursing. The nursing competency scores of registered nurses (as measured by the Slater scale) on two patient care units were equalized through 6 months of continuing education and staff development programs. A patient checklist was used to determine satisfaction with care and perceived omissions in care. No significant differences in satisfaction with care were found between the two units. The unit with primary nursing was perceived as having significantly higher omissions in care in three categories: dietary needs, reaction to therapy, and contact with nurses. The results suggest that the effect of nursing care structures on patient perception of care may be contingent upon the efficiency of the support systems and the competency of the nursing staff.
Reconceptualizing the Construct of Health: Integrating Emic and Etic Perspectives
Authors: Tripp‐Reimer Toni 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDespite the importance of the health construct for nursing, there is not agreement on the nature of health. In this article, various conceptualizations of health are reviewed, the emic‐etic distinction between the concepts of disease and illness is delineated, and a new model of health is presented. This model is illustrated with examples from the folk and scientific domains of one cultural group, Greek Americans. Finally, implications for using this model in nursing practice are discussed and research directions are suggested.
Crystal structure and thermodynamic parameters of Nylon‐1010
Authors: Zhishen Mo , Qingbo Meng , Jinhua Feng , Hongfang Zhang , Donglin Chen 
Published: April 2007

AbstractWAXD, SAXS, FTIR, DSC and density techniques have been used to investigate the crystal structure, crystal density ρc, amorphous densitypaequilibrium heat of fusion δH°mand equilibrium melting temperatureT°m. By extrapolating the straight lines in the FTIR absorbance against density plot to zero intensity. ρcand ρawere estimated to be 1.098 and 1.003 g/cm3respectively. The ρcobtained was too low in value. From X‐ray diffraction patterns of uniaxially oriented fibres, the crystal structure of Nylon‐1010 was determined. The Nylon‐1010 crystallized in the triclinic system, with lattice dimensions:a= 4.9 Å,b= 5.4 Å,c= 27.8 Å, α = 49°, β = 77°, γ = 63.5°. The unit cell contained one monomeric unit, the space group was P1, and the correct value of ρcwas 1.135 g/cm3. The degree of crystallinity of the polymer was determined as about 60% (at RT) using Ruland's method.SAXS has been used to investigate the crystalline lamellar thickness, long period, transition zone, the specific inner surface and the electron density difference between the crystalline and amorphous regions for Nylon‐1010. The analysis of data was based upon a one‐dimensional electron‐density correlation function. δH°mwas estimated to be 244.0 J/g by extrapolation of δH°min the plot of heat of fusion against specific volume of semicrystalline specimens to the completely crystalline condition (V= 1/ρc). Owing to the ease of recrystallization of melt‐crystallized Nylon‐1010 specimens, the well‐known Hoffman'sTm‐Tcmethod failed in determiningT°mand a Kamide double extrapolation method was adopted. TheT°mvalue so obtained was 487 K.
Application of cellulosic fast‐flow column filters to protein immobilisation and recovery
Authors: Kennedy John F. , Paterson Marion 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe suitability of a new paper‐like cellulosic rod as a support for the immobilisation of proteins has been studied as an alternative to the common, beaded supports. α‐Amylase was covalently immobilised on to this paper‐like cellulosic support using cyanogen bromide and 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole activation procedures. The enzymic activity of α‐amylase immobilised onto the activated support was measured by the initial rate of hydrolysis of starch. During the first three successive assays 60‐70% of the initial activity of the immobilised α‐amylase was lost (possibly due to non‐specific adsorption of the protein), then becoming stable. This enzymic activity was retained after long storage periods. The amounts of enzyme bound to cyanogen bromide and 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole‐activated supports, calculated from the specific catalytic activity of α‐amylase, were 0.52 and 0.59μgg−1 respectively. Proteins A and G were also coupled to the cellulosic support using 1,1′‐carbonyldiimidazole. The amounts of proteins A and G bound to the activated support, determined spectrophotometrically at 260 and 280nm, were 2.33 and 0.31 mg g−1, respectively. The binding between various radiolabelled immunoglobulins of the G class and immobilised proteins A and G were examined. The IgG binding profiles of immunophilic proteins coupled to paper‐like cellulosic rod and to commercially available beaded supports were similar. Therefore, this paper‐like cellulosic support is a potential matrix for bioseparators, bioreactors and affinity chromatography.
The photolysis of metal carbonyl polymers in solutions and polymer films
Authors: Bronshtein Ljudmila , Lemmetyinen Helge , Mirzoeva Elena , Valetsky Pjotr 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe photochemical behaviour of VIB group metal carbonyl complexes of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and iron tricarbonyl complexes of poly(styrene‐butadiene) (SBS) block‐copolymer have been investigated in this study in dimethylsulphoxide (DMSO) and/or in N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMFA) solutions as well as in polymer films. In the case of metal carbonyl complexes with polyacrylonitrile the primary photochemical reactions have been shown to be the dissociation of pentaand tetracarbonyl complexes which result in the removal of one nitrile ligand followed by an exchange between the nitrile groups and the solvent molecules. The removal of CO has been shown to be the most probable photochemical reaction in films of these polymers. In the case of the iron tricarbonyl complex of SBS, laser photolysis leads to the fast isomerization of the complex followed by the replacement of the olefin groups of the polymer by CO.
Microencapsulation by coacervation of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide)—II: Encapsulation of a dispersed aqueous phase
Authors: Nihant N. , Stassen S. , Grandfils C. , Jérǒme R. , Teyssié Ph. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis paper is related to the phase separation of different copolyesters of lactides and glycolide solutions induced by the addition of silicone oil in order to promote microencapsulation of proteins. This coating process can be divided in three successive steps: phase separation of the coating polymer; adsorption of the coacervate droplets around the drug phase, and microcapsule solidification. This paper focuses on the physico‐chemical analysis of the second step. The knowledge of the interfacial tensions between the three liquid phases allows understanding of the microscopic evolution of the phase separation medium.