bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rosiglitazone treatment increases plasma levels of adiponectin and decreases levels of resistin in overweight women with PCOS: a randomized placebo-controlled study
Authors: Majuri A , Santaniemi M , Rautio K , Kunnari A , Vartiainen J , Ruokonen A , Kesäniemi Y A , Tapanainen J S , Ukkola O , Morin-Papunen L 
Published: February 2007

Objective: Abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinaemia play a central role in the pathogenesis of the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Abdominal adipose tissue is a source of adipokines, such as adiponectin and resistin, both of which may be involved in the development of insulin resistance and chronic inflammation in PCOS. Ghrelin, an important regulatory peptide of food intake, may also play a role in metabolic disturbances related to PCOS.
The aim of this study was to examine the effects of 4 months of treatment with the insulin sensitizer rosiglitazone on plasma adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin levels in overweight women with PCOS. Design: A randomised placebo-controlled study.
Methods: Thirty overweight/obese women with PCOS (body mass index>25 kg/m2, mean age 29.1± 1.2 (s.e.m.) years) were randomly allocated to either rosiglitazone (Avandia, 4 mg twice a day) or placebo treatment. Plasma levels of adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin and their correlation to serum levels of insulin, C-peptide and steroid hormones, and insulin sensitivity (euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp) were assessed.
Results: Adiponectin and ghrelin levels correlated significantly with most metabolic markers of insulin resistance and with serum levels of DHEA and 17-hydroxyprogesterone. Plasma levels of adiponectin increased from 9.26±0.90 (s.e.m.) to 22.22±3.66 μg/ml (P<0.001) and those of resistin decreased from 12.57±1.63 to 9.21±0.53 ng/ml (P=0.009) at 4 months of treatment, but plasma ghrelin levels did not change.
Conclusions: Rosiglitazone had beneficial effects on serum levels of adiponectin and resistin, suggesting that these adipocytokines may contribute to the improvement in insulin sensitivity observed during the treatment.
Effect of 2 years of high-dose growth hormone therapy on cognitive and psychosocial development in short children born small for gestational age
Authors: Lagrou K , Vanderfaeillie J , Froidecoeur C , Thomas M , Massa G , Tenoutasse S , Craen M , Lebrethon M C , Beckers D , Francois I , Rooman R , Thiry-Counson G , de Beaufort C , De Schepper J 
Published: February 2007

Objective and design: Children born small for gestational age (SGA) are not only at risk for short stature, but also for neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems. In this study, we analyzed the effects of high-dose GH therapy on cognitive development and psychosocial functioning in 34 prepubertal (3–8 years) short SGA children, equally randomized into a GH-treated group (TRG) and an untreated group (UTRG).
Methods: At start and after 2 years, children underwent standardized tests measuring the intellectual abilities (Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence-Revised, or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised); their parents completed a standardized questionnaire evaluating psychosocial functioning (Child Behavior Checklist; CBCL).
Results: At start, total IQ scores were significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the SGA group than in the general population: 32% of the SGA patients had scores below 85. After 2 years, IQ scores remained unchanged in the TRG, but increased significantly (P < 0.05) in the UTRG. After exclusion of children with developmental problems, however, no significant changes in IQ scores occurred in the UTRG as well as the TRG. At baseline, 24% (8/34) children had problematic CBCL total problems scores, equally distributed among the two groups; no significant changes in the different subscale scores occurred after 2 years.
Conclusion: No beneficial effect of 2 years of GH therapy on cognitive and behavioral profile could be observed in a cohort of rather young short SGA children presenting a variable degree of developmental delay and behavioral problems. Subsequent follow-up could reveal potential long-term effects of GH therapy on development and behavior.
The Value to Herbivores of Plant Physical and Chemical Diversity in Time and Space
Authors: Provenza F. D. , Villalba J. J. , Haskell J. , MacAdam J. W. , Griggs T. C. , Wiedmeier R. D. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTWhether foraging on pastures or rangelands, herbivores encounter plant species that differ in their concentrations of nutrients. They also all contain various secondary compounds that at too high doses can be toxic, but at the appropriate dose many of these toxins may have medicinal benefits. The quantity of forage an animal consumes depends on the other forages it selects because nutrients and toxins interact. Food intake also depends on an individual's morphology and physiology, and marked variation is common, even among closely related animals, in needs for nutrients and abilities to cope with toxins. Thus, individuals can better meet their needs when offered a variety of foods that differ in nutrients and toxins than when constrained to a single food. Nonetheless, we have focused on a few species, often grown in monoculture, and we have reduced concentrations of secondary compounds with little appreciation for their roles in protecting plants against herbivores, pathogens, and competitors. In nature, where diversity of plants is the rule and not the exception, eating a variety of foods is how animals cope with, and may benefit from, secondary compounds. The potential benefits of creating mixtures of plant species whose nutrient and secondary compound profiles complement one another are obvious, though much remains to be learned about how to reconstruct agro‐ecosystems with plants that complement and enhance one another structurally, functionally, and biochemically.
Partial 13C and 15N Chemical‐Shift Assignments of the Disulfide‐Bond‐Forming Enzyme DsbB by 3D Magic‐Angle Spinning NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Li Ying , Berthold Deborah A. , Frericks Heather L. , Gennis Robert B. , Rienstra Chad M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDsbB is a 20 kDa Escherichia coli inner‐membrane protein that catalyzes disulfide‐bond formation in periplasmic proteins. We report highly resolved, multidimensional magic‐angle spinning NMR spectra at 750 MHz 1H frequency, which enable partial 13C and 15N chemical‐shift assignments of the signals. The narrow line widths observed indicate excellent microscopic order of the protein sample, suitable for full structure determination by solid‐state NMR. Experiments were performed exclusively on uniformly 13C,15N‐labeled DsbB. Chemical‐shift‐correlation experiments based on dipolar transfer yielded strong signals in the 3D spectra, many of which have been site‐specifically assigned to the four transmembrane helices of DsbB. Significant numbers of additional residues have been assigned to stretches of amino acids, although not yet placed in the amino acid sequence. We also report the temperature dependence of signal intensities from −50 °C to 0 °C, a range over which samples of DsbB are highly stable. Structural and dynamic information derived from SSNMR studies can give insight into DsbB in a state that so far has not been successfully crystallized.
Intramolecular Excimer Formation and Delayed Fluorescence in Sterically Constrained Pyrene Dimers
Authors: Benniston Andrew C. , Harriman Anthony , Howell Sarah L. , Sams Craig A. , Zhi Yong‐Gang 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe synthesis is described for a series of five molecular dyads comprising pyrene‐based terminals covalently linked through a 1,3‐disubstituted phenylene spacer. The extent of through‐space communication between the pyrene units is modulated by steric interactions imposed by bulky moieties attached at the 6,8‐positions of each pyrene unit. For the control compound, only hydrogen atoms occupy the 6,8 positions (DP1), whereas the remaining compounds incorporate ethynylene groups terminated with either triisopropylsilyl (DP2), 1‐tert‐butylbenzene (DP3), 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylbenzene (DP4) or 1‐tert‐butyl‐3,5‐dimethylbenzene (DP5) units. Each compound shows a mixture of monomer and excimer fluorescence in fluid solution at room temperature, but only monomer emission in a glassy matrix at 77 K. The ratio of monomer to excimer fluorescence depends markedly on the molecular structure; DP1 is heavily biased in favour of the excimer and DP4 is enriched with monomer fluorescence. Photophysical properties, including laser induced and delayed fluorescence data, are reported for each compound. Delayed fluorescence occurs by both intramolecular and bimolecular steps, but these events take place on different timescales. The possibility is raised for using intramolecular triplet–triplet annihilation as a means of molecular imaging.
Obsessive‐compulsive characteristics in women who have recovered from bulimia nervosa
Authors: Morgan Jessica C. , Wolfe Barbara E. , Metzger Eran D. , Jimerson David C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractObjective:The goal of this study was to follow up on reports that obsessive‐compulsive characteristics, which are commonly elevated in bulimia nervosa (BN), may also be elevated in individuals who have recovered from BN (BN‐R).Method:Self‐ratings on the Maudsley Obsessional‐Compulsive Inventory (MOCI), the Restraint Scale (a measure of dieting behavior related to weight concerns), and questionnaires reflecting eating disorder‐related symptoms were evaluated for women who met criteria for BN (n = 25) or BN‐R (n = 21) and were free of obsessive‐compulsive disorder, and for healthy female controls (n = 28).Results:MOCI scores for the BN‐R group (5.5 ± 5.4) were similar to those for the BN group (5.4 ± 4.4) and were significantly elevated (p < 0.05, p < 0.02, respectively) in comparison to controls (2.5 ± 1.9). Of note, MOCI scores for the BN‐R group were significantly correlated with scores on the Restraint Scale (r = 0.60, p < 0.02).Conclusion:Further studies are needed to assess the relationship between elevated obsessive‐compulsive characteristics and eating patterns in individuals recovered from BN. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007
Selective cholinergic depletion of the hippocampus spares both behaviorally induced Arc transcription and spatial learning and memory
Authors: Fletcher Bonnie R. , Baxter Mark G. , Guzowski John F. , Shapiro Matthew L. , Rapp Peter R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe demonstrated previously that when hippocampal‐dependent learning and plasticity are compromised by fornix lesions, behaviorally induced expression of the immediate early gene, Arc, is correspondingly low. The medial septum and the vertical diagonal band are major sources of subcortical afferents that innervate the hippocampus via the fornix. Here we assessed the specific contribution of cholinergic afferents from these regions to the impairments in spatial learning and behavioral induction of Arc transcription produced by fornix lesions. The immunotoxin, 192 IgG‐saporin, was used to produce selective lesions of cholinergic cell bodies in the medial septum and vertical diagonal band. Rats were then trained on both cued and spatial delayed match‐to‐place tasks in a radial arm water maze. Animals with 192 IgG‐saporin lesions learned both cue and place discrimination tasks in the water maze normally, and showed only a mild and transient impairment when switching from the cued to the spatial version of the task. Following behavioral testing, rats explored two novel environments sequentially in a setting known to induce Arc expression in hippocampal pyramidal neurons. In marked contrast to the effects of complete fornix transection, quantitative in situ autoradiography revealed no differences in Arc mRNA expression between sham and lesion animals in CA1, CA3 or stratum radiatum. The conclusion from these data is that cholinergic deafferentation alone cannot account for the spatial learning deficits or impaired behavioral induction of Arc transcription produced by fornix lesions. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Study of Ethylene‐Propylene‐1‐Hexene Co‐ and Terpolymers Obtained with Homogeneous and Supported Metallocene Catalysts
Authors: Galland Griselda Barrera , dos Santos João Henrique Zimnoch , Dall'Agnol Maiara , Bisatto Rubens 
Published: February 2007

AbstractEthylene‐propylene‐1‐hexene terpolymers were obtained using three metallocenic systems: Cp2ZrCl2, Cp2ZrCl2 directly supported on silica (Cp2ZrCl2/SiO2) and Cp2ZrCl2 supported on MAO (methylaluminoxane)‐modified silica (Cp2ZrCl2/MAO/SiO2). The results were compared with those obtained with rac‐Et[Ind]2ZrCl2. The best activities were obtained with the Cp2ZrCl2 in the homogeneous form, but the system Cp2ZrCl2/MAO/SiO2 afforded also good results. Those systems showed to be able to incorporate enough comonomers, in a randomic way, to give terpolymers with an elastomeric behaviour.
Mechanistic events underlying odorant binding protein chemoreception
Authors: Golebiowski Jérôme , Antonczak Serge , Fiorucci Sébastien , Cabrol‐Bass Daniel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOdorant binding proteins (OBP's) are small hydrophilic proteins, belonging to the lipocalin family dedicated to bind and transport small hydrophobic ligands. Despite many works, the mechanism of ligand binding, together with the functional role of these proteins remains a topic of debate and little is known at the atomic level. The present work reports a computational study of odorants capture and release by an OBP, using both constrained and unconstrained simulations, giving a glimpse on the molecular mechanism of chemoreception. The residues at the origin of the regulation of the protein door opening are identified and a tyrosine amino‐acid together with other nearby residues appear to play a crucial role in allowing this event to occur. The simulations reveal that this tyrosine and the protein's L5 loop are implicated in the ligand contact with the protein and act as an anchoring point for the ligand. The protein structural features required for the ligand entry are highly conserved among many transport proteins, suggesting that this mechanism could somewhat be extended to some members of the larger family of lipocalin. Proteins 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relaxation processes of transient current in nano‐contact system: effects of electrode
Authors: Ishii Hiroyuki , Tomita Yoko , Nakayama Takashi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new calculation method of current dynamics was developed based on the Liouville equation of density matrix and was applied to investigate the transient current when the voltage is suddenly applied to the nano‐contact systems. We found the characteristic relaxation and oscillation in transient current. The relaxation occurs due to the electron dissipation into a number of electronic states in electrodes and the relaxation speed reflects the coupling magnitude between the electrode and the nano‐system. On the other hand, the oscillation originates from the quantum‐phase interference of currents between the electrode and the nano‐system and the oscillation period reflects the energy difference between the Fermi energy of electrode and the electronic levels of nano‐system. When the bandwidth of electrode decreases, the oscillation period receives a modulation reflecting the band‐edge energies and the oscillation damping is suppressed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Low‐energy electronic properties of a pair of carbon nanotubes
Authors: Lien Jiun‐Yi , Lin Min‐Fa 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA pair of carbon nanotubes, with the intertube interactions, are studied for the low‐energy electronic properties within the tight‐binding model. Energy dispersion, state degeneracy, subband spacing, energy gaps, and density of states are dominated by the nanotube radius and the relative azimuthal angle between two nanotubes. The intertube interactions could destroy double degeneracy. Moreover, they could effectively reduce energy gaps, or change narrow‐gap systems into gapless systems. The above‐mentioned electronic properties are strongly modulated by the transverse electric field. Such a field could induce new band‐edge states. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Controlled optical switching in DMS quantum dots
Authors: Marques G. E. , López‐Richard V. , Prado S. J. , Alcalde A. M. , Trallero Giner C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have explored an exchange‐induced property of the electronic structure of diluted magnetic semiconductor quantum dots in order to propose an externally controlled optical switching device. Various confinement shapes, dot sizes and host material compositions are used in order to optimize the device operation. This excitonic optical switching can be established within well defined temperature and magnetic composition ranges. We are proposing a method for the implementation of this optical device that can be switched between two well‐defined regimes. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Various photoluminescence properties observed in a GaAs/AlAs asymmetric double‐quantum‐well superlattice
Authors: Ohtani Naoki , Hosoda Makoto 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe report the observation of various photoluminescence (PL) properties in a biased asymmetric double‐quantum‐well superlattice. By using the transfer matrix calculation, the PL signals in the shorter wavelength region are caused by carrier injection into higher excited subbands via Γ‐X‐Γ resonance and GaAs LO‐phonon replica from the X subband. Novel carrier transport paths leading to the higher subbands produce the various PL properties that comes from the asymmetric conduction band profile including the X subbands. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Supplementary consideration of the triglyceride matrix model on reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Takahashi Koretaro , Hirano Tsugihiko , Egi Makoto , Hatano Mutsuo , Zama Koichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe matrix model that has been expressed as linear relationship between the logarithm of the relative retention time of a molecular species of a triglyceride versus total acyl carbon number or total double bonds when only one acyl group differs in carbon number or number of double bonds was reviewed. A similar linear relationship was observed when the fatty acid residues were substituted in the triglyceride molecule. This relationship was demonstrated by introducing the theory of partition chromatography presented by A.J.P. Martin.
Counterion effects on the aqueous solution viscosity of cationic surfactants
Authors: Totten G. E. , Goddard E. D. , Matteson G. H. , Wanchisen M. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of varying counterion structure on the aqueous solution viscosity of various cationic surfactants was systematically examined for compounds of the type: CH3(CH2)xN(CH3)3YAr. Ar = functionally substituted aryl moieties and Y = carboxylate (CO2−), sulfinate (SO2−) or sulfonate (SO3−).Aqueous solution viscosity, which is assumed to be a measure of ion pair stability, is clearly affected by anion and cation structure, temperature, concentration and stoichiometry. An ortho substituent to the anionic functionality, e.g. hydroxyl, substantially increases ion pair stabilization. Ion pair stability is also enhanced by increasing the solution concentration, decreasing temperature, increasing cation/anion ratio or by increasing the alkyl (x) chain length.
Separation ofCis andTrans isomers by reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography
Authors: Warther J. David 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography procedure was devised for the analytical or preparative separation of geometric isomers of dodecenyl acetates, tetradecenyl acetates, hexadecenyl acetates, tridecadienyl acetates, and methyl oleate and elaidate. Use of μ Bondapak C‐18 permitted the separation of these isomers.
Tallow based detergent formulations: Mixtures of alcohol sulfates, salts ofa‐sulfo acids and esters, and soap
Authors: Stirton A. J. , Bistline R. G. , Leardi Eileen B. , NuɁez‐Ponzoa M. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSaturated (I, ROSO3Na) and unsaturated (II, R'OSO3Na) tallow alcohol sulfates, the disodium salt ofa‐sulfonated saturated tallow fatty acids (III, RCH(SO3Na)CO2Na), the sodium salt of the methyl ester ofa‐sulfonated saturated tallow fatty acids (IV, RCH(SO3Na) CO2CH3), and commercial tallow soap flakes (V) were compared, singly and in combinations, as built and unbuilt solutions in soft and hard water, with respect to foam height and detergency, using four different types of standard soiled cotton.Built solutions of combinations of the two most soluble detergents, II and IV, at concentration 0.05% total active ingredient plus 0.20% builder in hard water of 300 ppm, remained perfectly clear on standing for several months. Built solutions containing I or II had the best foaming properties. The presence of soap decreased foam height.Cloths A and B showed the detergency of built solutions to be in the order I=II>IV>III>V, and all combinations containing I or II were superior detergents. With cloth C, detergents ranked in the order I=II=IV>III>V, and many combinations containing I or II with IV were synergistic. Cloth D did not distinguish sharply between detergents in built solutions in hard water.In general, detergent systems containing tallow alcohol sulfates witha‐sulfo esters had the most desirable solubility, wetting, foaming, and detergent properties.
A realistic soil cloth and test procedure for detergent evaluation
Authors: Rutkowski B. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe preparation of a uniformly soiled cloth for detergency studies is described. The soil, chosen for its realistic nature, consists of a colored clay as the particulate portion and triolein as the fatty or oily portion. The particulate portion of the soil is applied by tumbling the fabric in a horizontal axis washing machine containing a suspension of clay. The fatty portion is then applied by allowing the fabric to adsorb a known quantity of solvent‐dissolved triolein with subsequent evaporation of the solvent.An evaluation test procedure for measuring the relative efficiencies of proprietary detergents is also described. Using this procedure, soil removal, soil redeposition and optical brightener effectiveness of a detergent are determined simultaneously. Detergents can thus be given a numerical rating according to their over‐all performance. This rating is calculated from the equation: Overall Performance=Soil Removal‐Soil Redeposition + Optical Brightener.Typical detergent evaluation data obtained with this soil cloth and test procedure are given, along with a statistical treatment of the data.
Resins from hydroxyphenylstearic acid
Authors: Scholnick F. , Monroe H. A. , Wrigley A. N. , Ault W. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHydroxyphenylstearic acid, prepared by addition of phenol to oleic acid, has been condensed with excess formaldehyde using acidic and alkaline catalysts. The resulting resins have mol wt corresponding to 2舑3 phenolic units and are readily soluble in alcohols. Films cast from these solutions are soft even after baking at 205C. In order to achieve greater hardness, solutions of the phenol‐formaldehyde resins were coreacted with a solution of a commercial epoxy resin. Baked films cast from these systems were hard, flexible and chemically resistant.