bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A study of groundwater matrix effects for the destruction of trichloroethylene using Fe/Pd nanoaggregates
Authors: Meyer D.E. , Hampson S. , Ormsbee L. , Bhattacharyya D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIron nanoaggregates have been prepared using the sodium borohydride reduction method and postcoated with Pd using aqueous phase electro‐deposition. The Fe/Pd nanoaggregates were used to examine dechlorination of trichloroethylene (TCE) with regard to matrix effects using materials representative of a potential zero‐valent metal remediation site surrounding the Paducah gaseous diffusion plant in Paducah, KY. A surface‐area‐normalized first‐order rate constant of 1.4 × 10−1 L m−2 h−1 was obtained for the case of ideal dechlorination of 19.6 mg L−1 TCE at room temperature and pH 6.2 using 0.5 g L−1 Fe/Pd (0.42 wt % Pd) loading. This value decreases by an order of magnitude to 1.9 × 10−2 L m−2 h−1 when the reaction is carried out in a realistic background matrix when the pH is high (8.8). For all variables tested, Pd content has the most impact on reaction rates. Circulating batch‐column experiments are used to study dechlorination under flow conditions and demonstrate the ability of nonstabilized Fe/Pd nanoaggregates to remove significant amounts of TCE (80–90%) over a broad range of groundwater velocities (12.9–83 ft per day) using moderate metal loadings (0.23–0.5 g L−1). © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2009
HDR devices for the seismic protection of frame structures: Experimental results and numerical simulations
Authors: Ragni Laura , Dezi Luigino , Dall'Asta Andrea , Leoni Graziano 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAs part of a national research programme an experimental campaign was carried out on a real scale mock‐up consisting of a steel–concrete composite frame equipped with dissipative bracings, based on high damping rubber (HDR) devices. Free vibration tests, followed by force‐controlled and displacement‐controlled cyclic tests were performed. The experimental tests were aimed at studying the dynamic response of the coupled system in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of HDR devices in increasing the stiffness and dissipation capacity of the frame and investigating the ability of the constitutive HDR model proposed by the authors to predict the dynamic response of the coupled system. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Blind identification of evoked human brain activity with independent component analysis of optical data
Authors: Markham Joanne , White Brian R. , Zeff Benjamin W. , Culver Joseph P. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDiffuse optical tomography (DOT) methods observe hemodynamics in the brain by measuring light transmission through the scalp, skull, and brain. Thus, separating signals due to heart pulsations, breathing movements, and systemic blood flow fluctuations from the desired brain functional responses is critical to the fidelity of the derived maps. Herein, we applied independent component analysis (ICA) to temporal signals obtained from a high‐density DOT system used for functional mapping of the visual cortex. DOT measurements were taken over the occipital cortex of human adult subjects while they viewed stimuli designed to activate two spatially distinct areas of the visual cortex. ICA was able to extract clean functional hemodynamic signals and separate brain activity sources from hemodynamic fluctuations related to heart and breathing without knowledge of the stimulus paradigm. Furthermore, independent components were found defining distinct functional responses to each stimulus type. Images generated from single ICA components were comparable, with regard to spatial extent and resolution, to images from block averaging (with knowledge of the block stimulus paradigm). Both images and estimated time‐series signals demonstrated that ICA was superior to principal component analysis in extracting the true event‐evoked response signals. Our results suggest that ICA can extract the time courses and the corresponding spatial extent of functional responses in DOT imaging. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Random fields—Union intersection tests for detecting functional connectivity in EEG/MEG imaging
Authors: Carbonell Felix , Worsley Keith J. , Trujillo‐Barreto Nelson J. , Sotero Roberto C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractElectrophysiological (EEG/MEG) imaging challenges statistics by providing two views of the same underlying spatio‐temporal brain activity: a topographic view (EEG/MEG) and tomographic view (EEG/MEG source reconstructions). It is a common practice that statistical parametric mapping (SPM) for these two situations is developed separately. In particular, assessing statistical significance of functional connectivity is a major challenge in these types of studies. This work introduces statistical tests for assessing simultaneously the significance of spatio‐temporal correlation structure between ERP/ERF components as well as that of their generating sources. We introduce a greatest root statistic as the multivariate test statistic for detecting functional connectivity between two sets of EEG/MEG measurements at a given time instant. We use some new results in random field theory to solve the multiple comparisons problem resulting from the correlated test statistics at each time instant. In general, our approach using the union‐intersection (UI) principle provides a framework for hypothesis testing about any linear combination of sensor data, which allows the analysis of the correlation structure of both topographic and tomographic views. The performance of the proposed method is illustrated with real ERP data obtained from a face recognition experiment. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Process identification through rejection of model structures in a mid‐mountainous rural catchment: observations of rainfall–runoff response, geophysical conditions and model inter‐comparison
Authors: Graeff Thomas , Zehe Erwin , Reusser Dominik , Lück Erika , Schröder Boris , Wenk Gerald , John Hermann , Bronstert Axel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe intention of the presented study is to gain a better understanding of the mechanisms that caused the bimodal rainfall–runoff responses which occurred up to the mid‐1970s regularly in the Schäfertal catchment and vanished after the onset of mining activities. Understanding this process is a first step to understanding the ongoing hydrological change in this area. It is hypothesized that either subsurface stormflow, or fast displacement of groundwater could cause the second delayed peak. A top‐down analysis of rainfall–runoff data, field observations as well as process modelling are combined within a rejectionistic framework. A statistical analysis is used to test whether different predictors, which characterize the forcing, near surface water content and deeper subsurface store, allow the prediction of the type of rainfall–runoff response. Regression analysis is used with generalized linear models as they can deal with non‐Gaussian error distributions as well as a non‐stationary variance. The analysis reveals that the dominant predictors are the pre‐event discharge (proxy of state of the groundwater store) and the precipitation amount. In the field campaign, the subsurface at a representative hillslope was investigated by means of electrical resistivity tomography in order to identify possible strata as flow paths for subsurface stormflow. A low resistivity in approximately 4 m depth—either due to a less permeable layer or the groundwater surface—was detected. The former could serve as a flow path for subsurface stormflow. Finally, the physical‐based hydrological model CATFLOW and the groundwater model FEFLOW are compared with respect to their ability to reproduce the bimodal runoff responses. The groundwater model is able to reproduce the observations, although it uses only an abstract representation of the hillslopes. Process model analysis as well as statistical analysis strongly suggest that fast displacement of groundwater is the dominant process underlying the bimodal runoff reactions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Directed evolution of enzymes: Library screening strategies
Authors: Leemhuis Hans , Kelly Ronan M. , Dijkhuizen Lubbert 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDirected evolution has become the preferred engineering approach to generate tailor‐made enzymes. The method follows the design guidelines of nature: Darwinian selection of genetic variants. This review discusses the different stages of directed evolution experiments with the focus on developments in screening and selection procedures. © 2009 IUBMB IUBMB Life 61(3): 222–228, 2009
Cancer stem cells: A guide for skeptics
Authors: Tomasson Michael H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCancer stem cells (CSC) were postulated to exist many years ago as cells within a tumor that regenerate the tumor following treatment. A stochastic clonal evolution model was used to explain observed tumor heterogeneity. Recently, xenotransplantation studies have demonstrated that prospectively identifiable subpopulations from human cancers can initiate tumors in immune deficient mice, and these results along with recent advances in stem cell biology have generated much excitement in the cancer field. The modern CSC theory posits a hierarchy of cells analogous to normal stem cell development. Some controversy remains, however, as to whether these tumor initiating cells truly represent CSC, and whether the modern CSC field can live up to the promise of providing improved cancer treatments based on a novel model of cancer biology. Recent data from CSC investigators are discussed critically. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 745–749, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The small GTPase RhoA is crucial for MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cell survival
Authors: Yoshida Tomohiko , Clark Mary F. , Stern Paula H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractProlongation of cell survival through prevention of apoptosis is considered to be a significant factor leading to anabolic responses in bone. The current studies were carried out to determine the role of the small GTPase, RhoA, in osteoblast apoptosis, since RhoA has been found to be critical for cell survival in other tissues. We investigated the effects of inhibitors and activators of RhoA signaling on osteoblast apoptosis. In addition, we assessed the relationship of this pathway to parathyroid hormone (PTH) effects on apoptotic signaling and cell survival. RhoA is activated by geranylgeranylation, which promotes its membrane anchoring. In serum‐starved MC3T3‐E1 osteoblastic cells, inhibition of geranylgeranylation with geranylgeranyl transferase I inhibitors increased activity of caspase‐3, a component step in the apoptosis cascade, and increased cell death. Dominant negative RhoA and Y27632, an inhibitor of the RhoA effector Rho kinase, also increased caspase‐3 activity. A geranylgeranyl group donor, geranylgeraniol, antagonized the effect of the geranylgeranyl tranferase I inhibitor GGTI‐2166, but could not overcome the effect of the Rho kinase inhibitor. PTH 1‐34, a potent anti‐apoptotic agent, completely antagonized the stimulatory effects of GGTI‐2166, dominant negative RhoA, and Y27632, on caspase‐3 activity. The results suggest that RhoA signaling is essential for osteoblastic cell survival but that the survival effects of PTH 1‐34 are independent of this pathway. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 896–902, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
JAK pathway induction of c‐Myc critical to IL‐5 stimulation of cell proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis
Authors: Lee Wei‐Hwa , Liu Fu‐Hwa , Lin John Yi‐Chung , Huang Shih‐Yun , Lin Heng , Liao Wei‐Ju , Huang Huei‐Mei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInterleukin‐5 (IL‐5) induction of c‐Myc expression is associated with IL‐5 inhibition of apoptosis in hematopoietic cells. In this study, TFα1 and TFα8 cells with stable overexpression of IL‐5 receptor α (IL‐5Rα) subunit in TF‐1 cells, a human hematopoietic progenitor cell line which expressed low levels of IL‐5Rα, were used to explored how IL‐5 up‐regulate c‐Myc and the role of c‐Myc in IL‐5 signaling. First, we demonstrate that IL‐5 induced c‐Myc RNA and protein expressions, as well as activated Janus kinases (JAK1 and JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription‐5b (STAT5b). JAK inhibitor AG490 and c‐Myc inhibitor 10058‐F4, both, reduced IL‐5‐mediated cell proliferation in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Both, AG490 and 10058‐F4, also reduced IL‐5‐mediated anti‐apoptotic activity. Furthermore, AG490 inhibited IL‐5‐mediated c‐Myc induction and promoter activity. We further examined the role of JAK1 and JAK2 in the induction of c‐Myc expression using the CDJAK fusion proteins, which consisted of a CD16 extracellular domain, a CD7 transmembrane domain, and either JAK1 (CDJAK1) or JAK2 (CDJAK2) as intracellular domains. Simultaneous activation of JAK1 and JAK2 by anti‐CD16 antibody crosslinking of CDJAK1 and CDJAK2 could induced c‐Myc expression and promoter activity; AG490 inhibited CDJAK1 and CDJAK2‐mediated effects. These results suggest that IL‐5 induces cell proliferation and anti‐apoptosis through the JAK/c‐Myc pathway, and that JAK1 and JAK2 activation participate in IL‐5‐induced up‐regulation of c‐Myc. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 929–936, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
RPAP3 interacts with Reptin to regulate UV‐induced phosphorylation of H2AX and DNA damage
Authors: Ni Lin , Saeki Makio , Xu Li , Nakahara Hirokazu , Saijo Masafumi , Tanaka Kiyoji , Kamisaki Yoshinori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe have previously reported that Monad, a novel WD40 repeat protein, potentiates apoptosis induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α and cycloheximide. By affinity purification and mass spectrometry, RNA polymerase II‐associated protein 3 (RPAP3) was identified as a Monad binding protein and may function with Monad as a novel modulator of apoptosis pathways. Here we report that Reptin, a highly conserved AAA + ATPase that is part of various chromatin‐remodeling complexes, is also involved in the association of RPAP3 by immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopic analysis. Overexpression of RPAP3 induced HEK293 cells to death after UV‐irradiation. Loss of RPAP3 by RNAi improved HeLa cell survival after UV‐induced DNA damage and attenuated the phosphorylation of H2AX. Depletion of Reptin reduced cell survival and facilitated the phosphorylation on H2AX. These results suggest that RPAP3 modulates UV‐induced DNA damage by regulating H2AX phosphorylation. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 920–928, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Outcome of treatment of human HeLa cervical cancer cells with roscovitine strongly depends on the dosage and cell cycle status prior to the treatment
Authors: Węsierska‐Gądek Józefa , Borza Andreea , Walzi Eva , Krystof Vladimir , Maurer Margarita , Komina Oxana , Wandl Stefanie 
Published: January 2009

AbstractExposure of asynchronously growing human HeLa cervical carcinoma cells to roscovitine (ROSC), a selective cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor, arrests their progression at the transition between G2/M and/or induces apoptosis. The outcome depends on the ROSC concentration. At higher dose ROSC represses HPV‐encoded E7 oncoprotein and initiates caspase‐dependent apoptosis. Inhibition of the site‐specific phosphorylation of survivin and Bad, occurring at high‐dose ROSC treatment, precedes the onset of apoptosis and seems to be a prerequisite for cell death. Considering the fact that in HeLa cells the G1/S restriction checkpoint is abolished by E7, we addressed the question whether the inhibition of CDKs by pharmacological inhibitors in synchronized cells would be able to block the cell‐cycle in G1 phase. For this purpose, we attempted to synchronize cells by serum withdrawal or by blocking of the mitotic apparatus using nocodazole. Unlike human MCF‐7 cells, HeLa cells do not undergo G1 block after serum starvation, but respond with a slight increase of the ratio of G1 population. Exposure of G1‐enriched HeLa cells to ROSC after re‐feeding does not block their cell‐cycle progression at G1‐phase, but increases the ratio of S‐ and G2‐phase, thereby mimicking the effect on asynchronously growing cells. A quite different impact is observed after treatment of HeLa cells released from mitotic block. ROSC prevents their cell cycle progression and cells transiently accumulate in G1‐phase. These results show that inhibition of CDKs by ROSC in cells lacking the G1/S restriction checkpoint has different outcomes depending on the cell‐cycle status prior to the onset of treatment. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 937–955, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cyr61 is up‐regulated in prostate cancer and associated with the p53 gene status
Authors: Lv Hezhe , Fan Ellen , Sun Suozhu , Ma Xiaoxiao , Zhang Xiaoyan , Han David M.K. , Cong Yu‐Sheng 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCysteine‐rich 61 (Cyr61) is a member of the CCN protein family that has been implicated in diverse biological processes such as cell adhesion, proliferation, angiogenesis, and tumorigenesis. Altered expression of Cyr61 is found to be associated with human cancers. Here we show that Cyr61 was up‐regulated in prostate cancer cell lines and tumor tissues. A significant correlation of Cyr61 expression was found between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer (P = 0.002). However, there was no significant correlation between levels of PSA and Cyr61 expression (P = 0.2). Cyr61 may represent an independent prostate cancer biomarker and potentially a useful therapeutic target for prostate cancer treatment. In addition, our analysis based on published data and data present in this report indicted that levels of Cyr61 expression associated with the status of the tumor suppressor gene p53 in 32 cancer cell lines analyzed, high levels of Cyr61 expression were found in cell lines with mutant or null p53 gene, whereas lower expression levels of Cyr61 in the cell lines with wild‐type p53. We further show that over‐expression of dominant negative p53 or down‐expression of endogenous wild‐type p53 resulted in up‐regulation of Cyr61 expression, suggesting a functional link between Cyr61 and p53 in cancers. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 738–744, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Moving from preconditions for action to developing a cycle of continued social change: tapping the potential of mini‐grant programs
Authors: Deacon Zermarie , Foster‐Fishman Pennie , Mahaffey Michael , Archer Gretchen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOne way in which community‐based initiatives have sought to overcome challenges to resident participation in neighborhood change processes is through the implementation of neighborhood mini‐grant programs. However, the mechanisms by which these grants function and any related limitations have not yet been empirically evaluated. This paper seeks to close this gap in the literature. Findings from an evaluation of one mini‐grant project are reported. Overall, it was found that mini‐grants were successful at generating preconditions for action in targeted neighborhoods. However, sustained resident involvement in neighborhood change activities was only engendered by a small number of mini‐grant projects. Recipients of these particularly impactful grants shared similar key characteristics. Implications for practice are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Patterns of partners' abusive behaviors as reported by Latina and non‐Latina survivors
Authors: Glass Nancy , Perrin Nancy , Hanson Ginger , Mankowski Eric , Bloom Tina , Campbell Jacquelyn 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study builds on the existing knowledge of risk factors for lethal intimate partner violence (IPV) and typologies of IPV abusers by exploring patterns of abusive partners' behaviors among known risk factors for intimate partner femicide (i.e., murder of women) and determines if groups of survivors with similar patterns of abusive behaviors exist. The common patterns are then examined for differences among Latina and non‐Latina survivors. Face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with adult English‐ and Spanish‐speaking survivors of past‐year physical and/or sexual IPV using a validated risk assessment instrument, the Danger Assessment (DA) Questionnaire. Two‐hundred nine IPV survivors participated, 55% Latina. Unique patterns of abusive behaviors perpetrated by an intimate partner or ex‐partner across known risk factors for lethal violence were reported. The patterns clustered into five distinct groups: extreme abuser, physical and sexual violence/controlling abuser, forced sex/controlling abuser, threat/controlling abuser, and low‐level tactics abuser. Latina and non‐Latina survivors reported mean DA scores (13.0 vs. 18.5, respectively) that place them within the “increased danger” and “extreme danger” level, respectively, for lethal violence by an abusive partner. Although both groups were in extreme danger on average, the patterns of abusive behaviors differed. Latina women were more likely to characterize their partner as using forced sex to control the relationship, whereas non‐Latina women were more likely to characterize the use of all types of abusive behaviors (i.e., extreme abuser) or threats to kill them (i.e., threat/controlling abuser) to control the relationship. The findings of this study can be used to develop effective individualized safety plans that include culturally and linguistically competent strategies to reduce violence‐related morbidity and mortality. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding the phases of recovery from serious mental illness: the roles of referent and expert power in a mutual‐help setting
Authors: Beeble Marisa L. , Salem Deborah A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study explored an approach to studying recovery that is sensitive to the multiphase and contextual nature of the recovery process. The authors focused on the experience of recovery in a mutual‐help group, Schizophrenics Anonymous (SA). Prior qualitative research conducted with SA revealed that SA participants experience four phases of recovery: (a) mourning and grief, (b) awareness and recognition, (c) redefinition and transformation, and (d) enhanced well‐being and quality of life. Surveying a national sample of SA participants, they explored whether these four phases were predicted by different change mechanisms (i.e., referent and expert power) within SA and whether these mechanisms varied according to participants' role in the organization. Referent and expert power were found to differentially relate to the phases of recovery for members and leaders. They conclude that our understanding of the processes and contexts that facilitate recovery can be enhanced by using recovery models that are setting‐specific and reflect the multifaceted nature of the recovery process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlates of anxiety sensitivity among African American adolescents living in urban public housing
Authors: Nebbitt Von E. , Lambert Sharon F. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study examines individual, social, and contextual correlates of anxiety sensitivity among African American adolescents living in public housing. The study also reports prevalence of anxiety sensitivity among this population of youth. Participants included 238 African American adolescents (mean age=15.6) living in three public housing developments in a large Midwest city. These adolescents reported about their anxiety sensitivity, antisocial behavior, parental monitoring, affiliation with delinquent peers, and perceptions of their neighborhood. The study uses a cross‐sectional research design. Age and gender differences were not detected for anxiety sensitivity. Results indicate a significant association between neighborhood hazard and anxiety sensitivity. This association was exacerbated by exposure to delinquent peers. Parental monitoring and older age attenuated the relationship between neighborhood hazard and anxiety sensitivity. Findings suggest that interventions to prevent or ameliorate anxiety sensitivity among African American adolescents living in public housing must not only focus on reducing neighborhood risk factors but also on enhancing the protective factors available to the youth. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.