bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Continuous monitoring of interface pressure distribution in intensive care patients for pressure ulcer prevention
Authors: Sakai Kozue , Sanada Hiromi , Matsui Noriko , Nakagami Gojiro , Sugama Junko , Komiyama Chieko , Yahagi Naoki 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  Continuous monitoring of interface pressure distribution in intensive care patients for pressure ulcer prevention. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine whether continuous interface pressure monitoring of postoperative patients in an intensive care unit is feasible in clinical practice.Background.  The interface pressure between skin and surfaces is generally evaluated for pressure ulcer prevention. However, the intensity and duration of interface pressure necessary for pressure ulcer development remains unclear because the conventional interface pressure sensors are unsuitable for continuous monitoring in clinical settings.Methods.  A total of 30 postoperative patients in an intensive care unit participated in this study in 2006–2007. A sensor was built into a thermoelastic polymer mattress. The whole‐body interface pressure was recorded for up to 48 hours. Pressure ulcer development was observed during the morning bed‐bath. For analysis, the intensity and duration of the maximal interface pressure was evaluated.Findings.  The mean age of the study group was 62·0 ± 15·4 years. Two participants developed stage I pressure ulcer and blanchable redness at the sacrum. The longest duration of pressures greater than 100 mmHg were 487·0, 273·5 and 275·7 minutes in the pressure ulcer, blanchable redness and no redness groups respectively.Conclusion.  Continuous monitoring of the intensity and duration of whole‐body interface pressure using the KINOTEX sensor is feasible in intensive care patients.
An evaluation of the process and initial impact of disseminating a nursing e‐thesis
Authors: Macduff Colin 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle.  An evaluation of the process and initial impact of disseminating a nursing e‐thesis. Aim.  This paper is a report of a study conducted to evaluate product, process and outcome aspects of the dissemination of a nursing PhD thesis via an open‐access electronic institutional repository.Background.  Despite the growth of university institutional repositories which make theses easily accessible via the world wide web, nursing has been very slow to evaluate related processes and outcomes.Method.  Drawing on Stake’s evaluation research methods, a case study design was adopted. The case is described using a four‐phase structure within which key aspects of process and impact are reflexively analysed.Findings.  In the conceptualization/re‐conceptualization phase, fundamental questions about the purpose, format and imagined readership for a published nursing PhD were considered. In the preparation phase, seven key practical processes were identified that are likely to be relevant to most e‐theses. In the dissemination phase email invitations were primarily used to invite engagement. The evaluation phase involved quantitative indicators of initial impact, such as page viewing and download statistics and qualitative feedback on processes and product.Conclusion.  Analysis of process and impact elements of e‐thesis dissemination is likely to have more than intrinsic value. The advent of e‐theses housed in web‐based institutional repositories has the potential to transform thesis access and use. It also offers potential to transform the nature and scope of thesis production and dissemination. Nursing scholars can exploit and evaluate such opportunities.
The psychosocial impact of recurrence on cancer survivors and family members: a narrative review
Authors: Vivar Cristina G. , Canga Navidad , Canga Ana D. , Arantzamendi Maria 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle. The psychosocial impact of recurrence on cancer survivors and family members: a narrative review.Aim. This paper is a report of a review undertaken to identify, critically analyse and synthesize the psychosocial experience of cancer recurrence for survivors and family members.Background. Recurrence of cancer is an event after which life changes for families. Individuals move from being short‐ or long‐term survivors of cancer to being patients once more. Families move from a state of fear of recurrence to one of uncertainty and distress as a result of the new crisis.Data sources. MEDLINE, CINAHL and CancerLit databases were searched for the period January 1980–2007. Reference lists of papers were conducted for relevant studies. The search termsrecurrence, recurrent cancer, experience, survivor and familywere searched for separately and in combination.Review methods. A narrative review was conducted. Data were categorized in terms of issues during survivorship and concerns after recurrence.Results. Three main categories were identified that explained survivors' and families' experiences of recurrent cancer: (1) fear of recurrence during survivorship, (2) when cancer recurs: families facing new challenges and (3) distress because of recurrence.Conclusion. Recurrence is a distressing experience for survivors and families because they have to face again psychosocial effects of cancer, such as uncertainty, distress and concerns about death. Care should not be addressed simply to survivors, but should include the general well‐being of families beyond their survivorship and support to manage better psychosocial issues occurring when a member has a recurrence of cancer.
The emotional experiences of family carers in Huntington disease
Authors: Williams Janet K. , Skirton Heather , Paulsen Jane S. , Tripp‐Reimer Toni , Jarmon Lori , McGonigal Kenney Meghan , Birrer Emily , Hennig Bonnie L. , Honeyford Joann 
Published: February 2009

AbstractTitle. The emotional experiences of family carers in Huntington disease.Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to examine the emotional experience of caregiving by family carers of people with Huntington disease and to describe strategies they used to deal with that experience.Background. Huntington disease, commonly diagnosed in young to middle adulthood, is an inherited single gene disorder involving loss of cognitive, motor and neuropsychiatric function. Many family members become caregivers as well as continuing as parents and wage earners. The emotional aspects of caregiving contribute to mental health risks for family members.Methods. Focus groups were conducted with 42 adult carers of people with Huntington disease in four United States and two Canadian Huntington disease centers between 2001 and 2005. Data were analyzed through descriptive coding and thematic analysis.Findings. All participants reported multiple aspects of emotional distress. Being a carer was described as experiencing disintegration of one’s life. Carers attempted to cope by seeking comfort from selected family members, anticipating the time when the care recipient had died and/or using prescription medications. Spousal carers were distressed by the loss of their relationship with their spouse and dealt with this by no longer regarding the person as an intimate partner. Carers were concerned about the disease risk for children in their families and hoped for a cure.Conclusion. Emotional distress can compromise the well‐being of family carers, who attempt to maintain multiple roles. Nurses should monitor carer mental health, identify sources of emotional distress and support effective strategies used by carers to mediate distress.
Impact of invasive plants on the species richness, diversity and composition of invaded communities
Authors: Hejda Martin , Pyšek Petr , Jarošík Vojtěch 
Published: February 2009

Summary

Much attention has been paid to negative effects of alien species on resident communities but studies that quantify community‐level effects of a number of invasive plants are scarce. We address this issue by assessing the impact of 13 species invasive in the Czech Republic on a wide range of plant communities.
Vegetation in invaded and uninvaded plots with similar site conditions was sampled. All species of vascular plants were recorded, their covers were estimated and used as importance values for calculating the Shannon diversity index H′, evenness J and Sørensen index of similarity between invaded and uninvaded vegetation.
With the exception of two invasive species, species richness, diversity and evenness were reduced in invaded plots. Species exhibiting the greatest impact reduced species numbers per plot and the total number of species recorded in the communities sampled by almost 90%. A strong reduction of species number at the plot scale resulted in a marked reduction in the total species number at the landscape scale, and in less similarity between invaded and uninvaded vegetation. The decrease in species richness in invaded compared to uninvaded plots is largely driven by the identity of the invading species, whereas the major determinants of the decrease in Shannon diversity and evenness are the cover and height of invading species, and differences between height and cover of invading and dominant native species, independent of species identity.
Synthesis. Management decisions based on impact need to distinguish between invasive species, as their effects on diversity and composition of resident vegetation differ largely. Tall invading species capable of forming populations with the cover markedly greater than that of native dominant species exert the most severe effects on species diversity and evenness. Since a strong impact on the community scale is associated with reduction in species diversity at higher scales, invaders with a high impact represent a serious hazard to the landscape.
Frayed at the edges: selective pressure and adaptive response to abiotic stressors are mismatched in low diversity edge populations
Authors: Pearson Gareth A. , Lago‐Leston Asuncion , Mota Catarina 
Published: February 2009

Summary

Theory predicts that population structure and dynamics affect a population's capacity for adaptation to environmental change. For isolated, small and fragmented populations at the trailing edge of species distributions, loss of genetic diversity through random genetic drift may reduce adaptive potential and fitness levels for complex traits. This has important consequences for understanding population responses to, for example changing climate, but has rarely been tested in natural populations.
We measured the intertidal thermal environment and tidal exposure (emersion) times for natural populations of the intertidal seaweed Fucus serratus at the centre (southwest UK) and southern edge (northern Portugal) of its range in the Eastern Atlantic, and for a congener, F. vesiculosus, whose range extends further south to Morocco. Fitness‐related traits of individuals at each location were measured in common garden experiments: physiological resilience to desiccation and heat shock (PSII quantum yield), and the molecular phenotype of the heat shock response (quantitative PCR of heat shock protein gene transcripts).
The realized thermal environment experienced by F. serratus was similar at the centre and southern edge of its distribution because the maximum shore height (and emersion period) was reduced in southern populations. For F. vesiculosus, thermal maxima were higher and occurred more frequently in the south, although maximum vertical height (emersion time) remained similar to central populations.
Edge populations of F. serratus were less resilient to desiccation and heat shock than central populations, and expression of heat shock genes was higher at the same temperature, suggesting greater cellular stress. In contrast, there was no evidence for physiological divergence in heat shock response in F. vesiculosus, and little variation in gene expression.
Synthesis. We provide evidence that compared with range‐centre populations upper intertidal limits of F. serratus at the southern edge are ‘pruned back’ by abiotic stressors. Rather than being locally adapted, these small populations are less resilient to abiotic stresses and experience greater cellular stress during heat shock. These results suggest that ongoing climate forcing factors may threaten small, fragmented rear edge populations because of inherently reduced fitness and lower adaptive capacity relative to larger central populations.
Modelling sea lice dispersion under varying environmental forcing in a Scottish sea loch
Authors: Amundrud T L , Murray A G 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe spread of infectious larval sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Krøyer, 1838), between wild salmonids and farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, remains a contentious area of uncertainty. However, as laboratory and field experiments increase our knowledge of sea lice behaviour under environmental forcing, numerical modelling tools can be used to predict the spread of infectious sea louse larvae from a point source. A three‐dimensional numerical model has been developed and recently validated within Loch Torridon, a fjordic sea loch on the west coast of Scotland. Output from the numerical model is used to drive a particle tracking model which follows statistical representations of sea lice through the planktonic stages of a louse life cycle. By including maturation and mortality, the models can be used to predict the dispersion and transport of infectious sea lice from a point source and can be used to produce maps of infectivity under varying environmental conditions. Results highlight the importance of the wind‐driven circulation for larval lice transport and suggest that local environmental conditions have considerable impact on the probability of sea lice infection spreading between wild and farmed fish populations.
A review of host finding behaviour in the parasitic sea louse, Lepeophtheirus salmonis (Caligidae: Copepoda)
Authors: Mordue (Luntz) A J , Birkett M A 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEctoparasitic sea lice are the most important parasite problem to date for the salmon farming industry in the northern and southern hemispheres. An understanding of host location in the specialist species, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, the most important louse species in the North Atlantic, is now being realized using behavioural in vitro and in vivo bioassays coupled with chemical analysis of fish conditioned waters. Both physical and chemical cues are important in host location. Responses of sea lice to physical cues such as light and salinity may enable them to gather in areas where host fish are likely to be found. Mechanoreception is an important sensory modality in host location and acts by switching on specific behaviours that enable landing on a fish. Chemoreception plays a defining role in host location and recognition. The detection of host kairomones switches on ‘host search’ behavioural patterns and also induces landing responses whereas non‐host kairomones fail to induce attraction or significant landing behaviour. Semiochemicals derived from salmon and also non‐host fish have been identified, and may prove useful for the development of integrated pest management strategies, by the introduction of odour traps for monitoring lice numbers, and by the use of stimulo‐deterrent diversionary (push:pull) strategies in their control.
Seasonal epizootics of sea lice, Caligus spp., on southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau), in a long‐term farming trial
Authors: Hayward C J , Bott N J , Nowak B F 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWithin the typical 2–8 month (January to August inclusive) farming cycle for southern bluefin tuna, Thunnus maccoyii (Castelnau), in Spencer Gulf, South Australia, counts of a sea louse, Caligus chiastos Lin et Ho, 2003, were strongly statistically associated with both fish condition and severity of eye damage. During a trial examining the feasibility of maintaining T. maccoyii in farms for more than 1 year, including over the summer season when temperatures may exceed 24 °C, we collected additional epidemiological data on burdens of sea lice over a 17‐month period (April 2005 to August 2006 inclusive), on a total of 200 T. maccoyii and 40 ‘control’T. maccoyii farmed and harvested within 2006. In the first farming season, an epizootic of C. chiastos was characterized by a significant increase in prevalence from 0% to 55% in the first 6 weeks after transfer to farms from the wild, which was followed by a significant decline to zero over the next 12 weeks. A single specimen of a second species of Caligus was also detected within this 4.5‐month period. In the second farming season, we recorded a third species of sea louse, C. amblygenitalis Tripathi, 1961. In March 2006, a second epizootic peak occurred, this time with mixed infections of C. chiastos and C. amblygenitalis, with a combined prevalence of 100%. The prevalence of both sea lice species then declined significantly over the second winter period (June to August inclusive). On all but one date that sea lice were detected, sea lice counts were significantly associated with the severity of gross eye damage. Because both peaks in infection occurred in summer months (December to February inclusive), we conclude that infections of sea lice pose a risk to the farming of T. maccoyii under certain summer conditions within Spencer Gulf.
Pepino mosaic virus isolates and differential symptomatology in tomato
Authors: Hanssen I. M. , Paeleman A. , Vandewoestijne E. , Van Bergen L. , Bragard C. , Lievens B. , Vanachter A. C. R. C. , Thomma B. P. H. J. 
Published: February 2009

Based on a survey conducted in commercial tomato production in Belgium in 2006, four Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) isolates that differed in symptom expression in the crop of origin were selected for greenhouse trials. The selected isolates were inoculated onto tomato plants grown in four separate plastic tunnels. PepMV symptom development was assessed regularly and extensive sampling followed by ELISA analyses, genotyping and sequencing was performed to study viral presence and variation in PepMV sequences throughout the trial period. Two isolates (EU‐mild and CH2‐mild) that were selected based on mild symptom expression in the crop of origin caused only mild symptoms in the trial, while two other isolates (CH2‐aggressive and EU + CH2) that were selected for severe symptom display, caused considerably more severe symptoms. Sequence homology between CH2‐mild and CH2‐aggressive was as high as 99·4%. Results of this study show that differential symptom expression can, at least partially, be attributed to the PepMV isolate, which may be related to minor differences at the nucleotide level between isolates.
Analyses of GA20ox‐ and GID1‐over‐expressing aspen suggest that gibberellins play two distinct roles in wood formation
Authors: Mauriat Mélanie , Moritz Thomas 
Published: February 2009

SummaryGibberellins (GAs) are involved in many aspects of plant development, including shoot growth, flowering and wood formation. Increased levels of bioactive GAs are known to induce xylogenesis and xylem fiber elongation in aspen. However, there is currently little information on the response pathway(s) that mediate GA effects on wood formation. Here we characterize an important element of the GA pathway in hybrid aspen: the GA receptor, GID1. Four orthologs of GID1 were identified in Populus tremula × P. tremuloides (PttGID1.1–1.4). These were functional when expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana, and appear to present a degree of sub‐functionalization in hybrid aspen. PttGID1.1 and PttGID1.3 were over‐expressed in independent lines of hybrid aspen using either the 35S promoter or a xylem‐specific promoter (LMX5). The 35S:PttGID1 over‐expressors shared several phenotypic traits previously described in 35S:AtGA20ox1 over‐expressors, including rapid growth, increased elongation, and increased xylogenesis. However, their xylem fibers were not elongated, unlike those of 35S:AtGA20ox1 plants. Similar differences in the xylem fiber phenotype were observed when PttGID1.1, PttGID1.3 or AtGA20ox1 were expressed under the control of the LMX5 promoter, suggesting either that PttGID1.1 and PttGID1.3 play no role in fiber elongation or that GA homeostasis is strongly controlled when GA signaling is altered. Our data suggest that GAs are required in two distinct wood‐formation processes that have tissue‐specific signaling pathways: xylogenesis, as mediated by GA signaling in the cambium, and fiber elongation in the developing xylem.
Spatial clustering of pulmonary tuberculosis and impact of the care factors in Antananarivo City
Authors: Randremanana Rindra Vatosoa , Sabatier Philippe , Rakotomanana Fanjasoa , Randriamanantena Arthur , Richard Vincent 
Published: February 2009

SummaryObjective  To analyse the spatial distribution of TB in Antananarivo and investigate risk factors.Methods  Pulmonary TB data were collected through passive case detection in 16 Tuberculosis Diagnostic and Treatment Centers (DTC). New cases listed in the DTC registers from 2004 to 2006 and resident in Antananarivo were included in the study. Field workers of the national control program conducted household surveys of all cases to collect complementary information on socio‐economic status. TB spatial organization and risk factors were analysed over two successive periods (August 2004–July 2005, August 2005–July 2006); analysis was done at the neighbourhood level, by searching for spatial clusters with the spatial scan test.Results  3075 pulmonary tuberculosis new cases were reported in Antananarivo from 2004 to 2006. The average incidence during the study period was 74/100 000 inhabitants (95% CI: 64.9–84.5). Spatial clusters occurred in three of the six arrondissements (districts) of the city (192 neighbourhoods). A decrease in clustering was observed with movement towards the southern neighbourhood.Conclusion  The change in risk of a TB cluster was linked to socio‐economic (e.g. household amount of ownership of tap water) and patient care factors (e.g. patients lost to follow‐up).
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis in the Republic of Korea: an epidemiological survey of formerly endemic areas, 2002–2006
Authors: Cheun Hyeong‐Il , Lee Jong‐Soo , Cho Shin‐Hyeong , Kong Yoon , Kim Tong‐Soo 
Published: February 2009

SummaryObjectives  To determine the current status of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Korea.Methods  Epidemiological surveys between 2002 and 2006 in areas where LF was previously endemic: remote and coastal areas Jeollanam‐do, Gyeongsangnam‐do, and Jeju‐do, and inland Gyeongsangbuk‐do. We took night blood smears from 9426 people for microfilaria testing and assayed samples from 3049 children (10‐ to 13‐year‐olds) and 1526 adults for Brugia malayi antibodies.Results  We found two cases (0.01%) with low microfilaria density in their peripheral blood (1–2/20 μl) on the remote island of Jeollanam‐do in the southern part of the Korean peninsula. These patients, males over 60‐years old, were treated with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). None of the 4575 people surveyed tested positive for specific B. malayi antibodies.Conclusion  Lymphatic filariasis appears to have been eliminated in Korea.