bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SPATIAL COMPETITION WITH CONSISTENT CONJECTURES*
Authors: Capozza Dennis R. , Van Order Robert 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACT Equilibrium in spatial models invariably depends on firms' conjectures about how competitors will react to their price changes. This paper analyzes spatial price and location equilibrium when firms hold consistent (i.e. correct) conjectures. Most spatial models assume an exogenous conjecture. Consistent conjectures are one method, albeit a controversial one, for endogenizing the conjecture.We show that the consistent conjecture about a competitor's reaction to a price change in the simplest case is 1/3. When demand is elastic the consistent conjecture is a decreasing function of the radius. It is always below 1/3 and can be negative. In the third model, we show that the consistent conjecture declines as the number of dimensions and the number of competitors increases.
THE OPTIMAL PROVISION OF A CENTRAL PARK IN A CITY*
Authors: Yang Chung‐hsin 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I examine the conditions and decision rules pertaining to the efficient provision of a central park in a city (provision that must satisfy the Samuelson condition). An interesting finding is that an additional opportunity cost that results from competition with residential use must be included to determine the efficient size of a central park. An efficient central park is larger in a city with public landownership than in a city with absentee landownership. Profit maximization and population maximization can be used as decision rules to determine the efficient provision of a central park in both an open city with absentee landownership and one with public landownership. The net benefit of a central park in a closed city with absentee landownership is reflected not only in the land rent or profit, but also in the utility level, while that of a closed city with public landownership is fully reflected in the utility level. It is not feasible to determine the efficient size of a central park for a closed city with either absentee or public landownership solely based on observable market information.
GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF URBAN SPATIAL STRUCTURE. THE PORT‐CITY MODEL RECONSIDERED*
Authors: Koide Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTIn this paper, I consider a general equilibrium urban spatial structure in the setting of a port city by adopting Cobb‐Douglas type functional forms for production and utility functions. Unlike previous port‐city models, this one can generate four land‐use patterns, that is, (1) monocentric, (2) completely integrated, (3) partially integrated (with integration at the center), and (4) partially integrated (with integration at the urban fringe) land‐use patterns, and the last pattern suggests a new explanation of suburbanization of employment. The existence and uniqueness of each land‐use pattern is proven in a simple constructive way.
DO METROPOLITAN AREAS MEAN ANYTHING? A RESEARCH NOTE*
Authors: Mills Edwin S. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis note analyzes whether central cities and suburbs of a metropolitan area relate to each other in a meaningful way. Specifically, it analyzes whether there is a factor specific to the metropolitan area in central‐city and suburban growth once national and regional factors have been taken into account. Data are analyzed for growth of metropolitan areas from 1960 to 1980.
A SIMPLIFICATION AND GENERALIZATION OF THE EXCLUSION THEOREM: A TECHNICAL NOTE
Authors: Martinich Joseph S. , Hurter Arthur P. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTSeveral researchers have proven that for the integrated production‐location problem on the Weberian triangle, intermediate points on the edge of the triangle can never be optimal locations. Authors of previous proofs of this result have used cumbersome trigonometric arguments. We present a much simpler algebraic proof of the result, and present it in terms of the more general n‐input model, where the feasible location space is a convex polygon rather than a triangle. In addition, the result generalizes immediately to other cases, such as (1) multifacility production‐location problems, (2) stochastic versions of one‐facility and multifacility production‐location problems, and (3) comparable pure location problems (e.g., the Weber problem).
AGGREGATION THEORY AND THE IDEAL PRICE DEFLATOR: A NOTE
Authors: Betancourt Roger R. 
Published: July 2006

SUMMARYIn this paper, a proof is provided for the proposition that collapsing a three period model into a two period model with the use of aggregation theory does not permit the analysis of price changes in the two periods that are aggregated. An unknown implication of this proposition is also brought forth by our analysis. The main instrument in the proof is the differentiation of a little known result from aggregation theory. Since the analysis is equally applicable to three commodities and easily extended to n periods or commodities, it casts doubt on the usefulness of aggregation theory in a variety of economic contexts.
FOREIGN DEBT AND RENEWABLE RESOURCES1
Authors: Rauscher Michael 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe paper investigates the relationship between the indebtedness situation of a (developing) country and its production of renewable resources. It is shown that such a relationship exists if the capital market on which the country borrows and lends is imperfect. Additionally, it can be seen that under realistic assumptions about the type of the market imperfection a debt relief has a resource‐conserving effect.
MONETARY PRICE RULES FOR ALTERNATIVE STEADY‐STATE REGIMES
Authors: Obst Norman P. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTIn the context of elementary models, this study presents an analysis of how disequilibrium can persist.The central result involves a decentralized economy in which agents respond to local excess demand. Attempting to determine the equilibrium inflation rate or its rate of change as well as the equilibrium price level (rather than the latter only) on the basis of excess demand levels alone, is a time consuming process which can lead to cycles. The inflation rate will lag behind its steady‐state value resulting in market disequilibrium when the two coincide. Activist policy is required if equilibrium is to be restored without severe unemployment during the transition.
TRADE, DEBT, AND UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT IN A NORTH‐SOUTH MODEL
Authors: Dutt Amitava Krishna 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper examines a simple model of North‐South trade and capital flows along structuralist lines. The South can choose its growth rate, but must finance its growth in excess of its savings by borrowing from the North. The long‐run consequences of this process for the process of uneven development and for Southern debt‐dependence are explored. The appropriate responses to a debt crisis are considered.
QUASI‐LINEAR UTILITY FUNCTIONS AND THE DYNAMICS OF PURE EXCHANGE OVERLAPPING GENERATIONS MODELS
Authors: Denicolò V. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper considers the dynamics of pure exchange OLG models with stationary population (each agent living for two periods), tastes and endowments, homogeneous agents and well behaved preferences. It is shown that any kind of dynamics that can emerge from this class of models can be generated by a subclass of models where preferences are described by quasi‐linear utility functions.
PRICE EFFECTS OF INDIRECT AND CORPORATE INCOME TAXES: AN INPUT‐OUTPUT ANALYSIS*
Authors: Tsoulfidis Lefteris 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis article investigates the price effects of indirect and corporate income taxes in the U.S. economy. It uses data from an input‐output table from 1977. The lack of substantial agreement in the literature concerning the incidence of these taxes, the classical, market power and industry specific models are used in an effort to identify the plausible range of price variations caused by taxation. This investigation is enlarged with the incorporation of the differential tax incidence analysis. The usefulness of this analysis is that it can shed new light on tax reform proposals and their concomitant effects on prices, workers' purchasing power, and international trade patterns.
CHAOTIC PATTERNS IN COURNOT COMPETITION
Authors: van Witteloostuijn A. , van Lier A. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTChaos theory offers a new mode of analyzing the complexity of nonlinear (economic) dynamics. A growing list of applications is mainly focused on modeling macroeconomic (growth and business) cycles and dynamic (consumer's and firms') choice. This paper provides a nonlinear dynamic model of Cournot competition. The model improves upon Rand (1978) and Dana and Montrucchio (1986) by permitting monopoly output to be positive. The existence of chaotic regimes is proven and simulation experiments illustrate the implications.
ENDOGENOUS FLUCTUATIONS OF ACTUAL PRICES NEAR NATURAL ONES IN A CLASSICAL GROWTH MODEL
Authors: Zhang Wei‐Bin 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper re‐examines dynamics of the Hosoda classical growth model. We identify the existence of endogenous fluctuations, applying the celebrated Hopf bifurcation theorem. It is shown that the proposition of divergence of actual prices from natural ones of classical economists is valid, even if there are no exogenous forces upon the economic system.
INSTITUTIONAL ECONOMICS: SURVEYING THE ‘OLD’ AND THE ‘NEW’
Authors: Hodgson Geoffrey M. 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper surveys and compares the literature on the ‘new’ institutionalism (North, Williamson, etc.) with that of the ‘old’(Veblen, Commons, Mitchell). A criterion for distinguishing these two schools is suggested, along with criticisms of the limitations of each. The ‘new’ institutionalism is associated with methodological individualism and the idea that the individual should be taken as given. Particular attention is paid to ‘new’ institutionalist treatments of markets and firms. The paper moves on to examine some ‘old’ institutionalist criticisms of ‘economic man’ as well as some negative features of the ‘old’ institutionalism. On the positive side, the latter is seen to have an ‘evolutionary’ dimension, related to modern work in the area of technological change.
A STOCHASTIC MODEL OF TECHNICAL CHANGE: AN APPLICATION TO THE US ECONOMY (1869–1989)
Authors: Duménil Gérard , Lévy Dominique 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTA stochastic model of technical change is presented that accounts for the profiles of important macroeconomic variables observed in the US economy since the Civil War: labor productivity, the productivity of capital, and the profit rate. No production function exists, and the viewpoint is that of evolutionary economics. Innovation is described as a random, non‐biased process, controlled by two parameters. The techniques of production used are selected according to their profitability. Under the assumptions of a rising labor cost and a temporary variation in the profile of innovation, it is possible to reproduce the historical trends of each variable over the three subperiods, 1869‐1920, 1920‐1960, and 1960‐1989. For example, the model explains why the productivity of capital and the profit rate displayed first a downward, then an upward, and again a downward trend. The treatment of a deterministic approximation of the model permits a thoroughly analytical discussion of the various configurations of the variables depending on the values of the parameters.
The spectrum of Dowling‐Degos disease revisited
Authors: Rebora Alfredo , Crovato Franco 
Published: July 2006

AbstractReticulate pigmented anomaly of the flexures or Dowling‐Degos disease is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis that has been associated with other uncommon genodermatosis in a spectrum of disorders. The spectrum included Kitamura's acropigmentatio reticularis, pigmentatio reticularis faciei et colli with multiple epithelial cysts and familial multiple follicular hamartoma. Recent reports have confirmed that Dowling‐Degos disease and Kitamura's acropigmentation are the same disease and have enlarged the spectrum to include other minor variants that are reviewed and discussed.
Immunological parameters in patients with frequently recurring genital herpes and response to treatment with a combination of acyclovir and interferon‐β
Authors: Castello G. , Ruocco V. , Geretti A.M. , Celentano E. , Napolitano M. , Rossano F. , Satriano R.A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractImmunologic status of 33 patients with frequently recurring genital herpes (FRGH) and the effect of two different antiviral regimens have been studied. Patients were treated with oral acyclovir capsules, 200 mg 4 times per day for 6 months (group A), or with a combination of oral acyclovir, 200 mg twice per day for 6 months, and intramuscular interferon‐β (IFN‐β), 3 MU daily for 10 days at every disease recurrence (group B). Before treatment, several immunologic abnormalities involving T and B lymphocytes, as well as cytotoxic (NK/K) cells, were observed in all patients. Clinical results confirmed the previously reported efficacy and safety of acyclovir for suppression of episodes of genital herpes. The acyclovir efficacy was enhanced by combination with IFN‐β, which has antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. In our patients with FRGH and cell‐mediated immunity impairment, IFN‐β was able to restore, in part, the host immune deficit with a significant reduction in the number of recurrence of genital herpes episodes (recurrence rate of 19% in group B vs 47% in group A). No significant toxic effects were detected in either therapeutic regimes.
Raised serum levels of β‐endorphin in chronic urticaria
Authors: Georgala Sophia , Schulpis K.H. , Papaconstantinou E. , Varelzidis A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Attempts to elucidate the pathophysiology of chronic urticaria and its relation with stress have implicated many factors among which the increased activity of the opioid system seems to be particularly interesting.Material and Methods We determined the β‐endorphin serum levels in 14 patients with chronic urticaria and 15 healthy members of the medical staff of comparable age.Results The mean β‐endorphin levels of our patients (15.95 ± 2.75 pmol/l) were statistically elevated (P < 0.001) compared to those of controls (8.53 ± 2.53 pmol/l).Conclusions It is suggested that the opioid system of patients with chronic urticaria is strongly activated in the chronic stage of the disease.
Antiviral therapy of herpes simplex virus infection: recent developments 1
Authors: Weber Bernard , Cinatl Jindrich 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSince 1981, the standard therapy of herpes simplex virus infections has been based on acyclovir. Valaciclovir, the l‐valine ester of acyclovir and famciclovir, a pro‐drug of penciclovir with an improved oral bioavailability have been recently licensed. HPMPC, an acyclic nucleoside phosponate, is highly active and shows a broad range of activity against all the herpes viruses, and it is far more efficient than ganciclovir against cytomegalovirus. Ribonucleotidase inhibitors have so far been unsuccessful in the treatment of acyclovir‐resistant HSV infections. In the future, anti‐sense oligonucleotides may play a role in the therapy of herpes virus infections and many efforts continue to be made to develop vaccines which may prevent recurrences in already infected individuals. Resistance to anti‐HSV agents is almost exclusively encountered in immunocompromised patients. Failure of acyclovir therapy is mostly due to viral thymidine kinase (TK) deficiency as a result of mutation in the TK gene. Until now, the only alternatives for the treatment of acyclovir‐resistant infections have been the intravenous administration of foscarnet, frequently associated with relatively severe side effects, or the topical application of trifluridine either as single agent or in combination with interferon alpha. In vitro observations suggest that the failure of antiviral therapy is not directly due to the emergence of resistant virus isolates. Reduced uptake or activation of acyclovir may represent a selective pressure for resistant isolates in immunocompromised patients. New prodrugs with increased bioavailability, such as valaciclovir and famciclovir will perhaps prevent or delay the emergence of drug resistant isolates in immunocompromised patients since higher intracellular levels of the active compound can be achieved.
Amoxicillin‐induced bullous pemphigoid in a child
Authors: Conti Giovanni , Paradisi Mauro , Angelo Corrado , Atzori Francesco , Puddu Pietro 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Authors describe the case of a 6‐year old female child who presented a bullous dermatitis following the administration of amoxicillin, with clinical, histopathological and immunological features typical of childhood bullous pemphigoid. The peculiar aspects of drug‐induced bullous pemphigoid are therefore reviewed, with particular reference to the hypotheses behind the relative induction mechanism.
Solitary circumscribed neuroma of the skin (so‐called palisaded, encapsulated neuroma). Clinicopathological analysis of three cases with emphasis on differential diagnosis
Authors: Mentzel T. , Bocker T. , Wollina U. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThree cases of solitary circumscribed neuroma (so‐called palisaded, encapsulated neuroma) arising in the dermis have been studied. Two patients were male and one was female, with ages ranging from 27 to 59 years. All lesions arose on the forehead. Histologically, the neoplasms were partly encapsulated and were composed of broad fascicles, nests, and whorl‐like structures of bland appearing spindle cells often separated by artefactual clefts. Immunohistochemically. most of the tumour cells stained positive for S‐100 protein, and a considerable number also for CD 34, but failed to stain for epithelial membrane antigen and melanoma associated antigens. Solitary circumscribed neuroma has to be distinguished from long‐standing dermal melanocytic nevus, mucosal neuromas seen in type lib multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) syndrome, classical and cellular schwannoma, neurofibroma. perineurioma, traumatic neuroma, and angioleiomyoma.
Vulval lichen sclerosus: lack of correlation between duration of clinical symptoms and histological appearances
Authors: Marren P. , Millard P.R. , Wojnarowska F. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground Histological criteria in lichen sclerosus have been correlated with disease duration. A progressive tendency for the inflammatory infiltrate to become more deeply placed and more sparse with long‐standing disease has been described together with a tendency for collagen homogenisation in the upper dermis to become more prominent with time.Materials and methods We performed a retrospective Wind clinico‐pathological study on 20 untreated patients with lichen sclerosus. We looked at sections from five additional patients with lichen sclerosus who required serial biopsies in the course of their disease. The purpose was to observe the histological patterns at different stages of the clinical course.Results We found a poor correlation between estimated disease duration and histological criteria for early and long‐standing disease.Conclusion We conclude that the pathological process in lichen sclerosus is a continuing process and the inflammatory component can be a persistent or recurring phenomenon which may be site‐determined. The estimation of disease duration in vulval lichen sclerosus using histological criteria is unsatisfactory.
The Effects of Locus of Control on Coalition Formation Among College Females
Authors: McBride Kevin J. , Lao Rosina C. 
Published: July 2006

Past research in coalition formation reveals differing strategies between sexes, and that females tend to follow the Anti-Competitive Theory. The present study tries to show that a theory of coalition formation based solely on sex is inadequate and suggests that personality variables be included in explaining this phenomenon. The personality variable chosen for this study was the locus of control. Based on their scores on the locus of control scale, 45 college coeds were placed into three categories of triads: externals, mixed and internals. Each subject was in turn assigned weights of 4, 3, and 2 in playing a dice game where they could form alliances or play individually. Results indicated that both the frequency and the pattern of coalitions formed were significantly influenced by locus of control, thus the findings lend support to the basic reasoning of the researchers.
MARKET TIMING IN REGRESSIONS AND REALITY
Authors: Fisher Kenneth L. , Statman Meir 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe compare price‐to‐earnings ratios and dividend yields, which are indirect measures of sentiment, with the bullish sentiment index, which is a direct measure. We find that the sentiment index does better as a market‐timing tool than do P/E ratios and dividend yields, but none is very reliable. We do not argue that market timing is impossible. Rather, we observe that stock prices reflect both sentiment and value, both of which are difficult to measure and neither of which is perfectly known in foresight. Successful market timing requires insights into future sentiment and value, insights beyond those that are reflected in widely available measures.
WINDOW DRESSING IN BOND MUTUAL FUNDS
Authors: Morey Matthew R. , O'Neal Edward S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe examine portfolio credit quality holding and daily return patterns in a large sample of bond mutual funds and document evidence of window dressing. Using portfolio credit quality holdings data, we find that bond funds on average hold significantly more government bonds during disclosure than nondisclosure, presumably to present a safer portfolio to shareholders. Multiple‐index market models estimated with daily returns data corroborate these findings. We detect differences in factor loadings on days surrounding disclosure dates that indicate systematic tilting of the portfolio toward higher quality instruments.
ARE PRICE LIMITS EFFECTIVE? EVIDENCE FROM THE ISTANBUL STOCK EXCHANGE
Authors: Bildik Recep , Gülay Güzhan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThere is considerable discussion about controlling volatility by imposing price limits on asset prices. We examine the effects of price limits on a stock market by testing the volatility spillover, delayed price discovery, and trading interference hypotheses in a leading emerging market, the Istanbul Stock Exchange, which has a unique market microstructure as related to price limits. Our results support the volatility spillover, delayed price discovery, and trading interference hypotheses. We also show price locks at limits provide significantly stronger evidence regarding the effects of price limits than limit moves only. Finally, price limits have a significant effect on the stock market, casting doubt on their effectiveness.
CREDIT SPREADS AND THE ZERO‐COUPON TREASURY SPOT CURVE
Authors: Papageorgiou Nicolas , Skinner Frank S. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractWe examine the relation between credit spreads on industrial bonds and the underlying Treasury term structure. We use zero‐coupon spot rates to eliminate the coupon bias and to allow for a consistent study both within and across the different credit ratings. Our results indicate that the level and slope of the Treasury term structure are negatively correlated with changes in the credit spread on investment‐grade corporate bonds. We also find that the relation between credit spreads and the Treasury term structure is relatively stable through time. This is good news for value‐at‐risk calculations, as this suggests that the correlations among assets of different credit classes are stable; therefore use of historic correlations to model spread relations can be valid.