bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A machine-learning algorithm using claims data to identify patients with homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
Authors: Gu Jing , Epland Matthew , Ma Xinshuo , Park Jina , Sanchez Robert J. , Li Ying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHomozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is an underdiagnosed and undertreated ultra-rare disease. We utilized claims data from the Komodo Healthcare Map database to develop a machine-learning model to identify potential HoFH patients. We tokenized patients enrolled in MyRARE (patient support program for those prescribed evinacumab-dgnb in the United States) and linked them with their Komodo claims. A true positive HoFH cohort (n = 331) was formed by including patients from MyRARE and patients with prescriptions for evinacumab-dgnb or lomitapide. The negative cohort (n = 1423) comprised patients with or at risk for cardiovascular disease. We divided the cohort into an 80% training and 20% testing set. Overall, 10,616 candidate features were investigated; 87 were selected due to clinical relevance and importance on prediction performance. Different machine-learning algorithms were explored, with fast interpretable greedy-tree sums selected as the final machine-learning tool. This selection was based on its satisfactory performance and its easily interpretable nature. The model identified four useful features and yielded precision (positive predicted value) of 0.98, recall (sensitivity) of 0.88, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.98, and accuracy of 0.97. The model performed well in identifying HoFH patients in the testing set, providing a useful tool to facilitate HoFH screening and diagnosis via healthcare claims data.
Sirolimus-coated Eustachian tube balloon dilatation for treating Eustachian tube dysfunction in a rat model
Authors: Kang Jeon Min , Kim Song Hee , Ryu Dae Sung , Park Yubeen , Won Dong-Sung , Kim Ji Won , Park Jun-Kyu , Park Hong Ju , Park Jung-Hoon 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEustachian tube balloon dilatation (ETBD) has shown promising results in the treatment of ET dysfunction (ETD); however, recurrent symptoms after ETBD frequently occur in patients with refractory ETD. The excessive pressure of balloon catheter during ETBD may induce the tissue hyperplasia and fibrotic changes around the injured mucosa. Sirolimus (SRL), an antiproliferative agent, inhibits tissue proliferation. An SRL-coated balloon catheter was fabricated using an ultrasonic spray coating technique with a coating solution composed of SRL, purified shellac, and vitamin E. This study aimed to investigate effectiveness of ETBD with a SRL-coated balloon catheter to prevent tissue proliferation in the rat ET after ETBD. In 21 Sprague–Dawley rats, the left ET was randomly divided into the control (drug-free ETBD; n = 9) and the SRL (n = 9) groups. All rats were sacrificed for histological examination immediately after and at 1 and 4 weeks after ETBD. Three rats were used to represent the normal ET. The SRL-coated ETBD significantly suppressed tissue proliferation caused by mechanical injuries compared with the control group. ETBD with SRL-coated balloon catheter was effective and safe to maintain ET luminal patency without tissue proliferation at the site of mechanical injuries for 4 weeks in a rat ET model.
A two-phase spatiotemporal chaos-based protocol for data integrity in IoT
Authors: Alkhonaini Mimouna Abdullah , Alenizi Farhan A. , Jazyah Yahia Hasan , Lee Sangkeum 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOne of the biggest problems with Internet of Things (IoT) applications in the real world is ensuring data integrity. This problem becomes increasingly significant as IoT expands quickly across a variety of industries. This study presents a brand-new data integrity methodology for Internet of Things applications. The “sequence sharing” and “data exchange” stages of the suggested protocol are divided into two parts. During the first phase, each pair of nodes uses a new chaotic model for securely exchanging their identity information to generate a common sequence. This phase’s objectives include user authentication and timing calculations for the second phase of the recommended method’s packet validation phase. The recommended approach was tested in numerous settings, and various analyses were taken into account to guarantee its effectiveness. Also, the results were compared with the conventional data integrity control protocol of IoT. According to the results, the proposed method is an efficient and cost-effective integrity-ensuring mechanism with eliminates the need for third-party auditors and leads to reducing energy consumption and packet overhead. The results also show that the suggested approach is safe against a variety of threats and may be used as a successful integrity control mechanism in practical applications.
Impact of time-history terms on reservoir dynamics and prediction accuracy in echo state networks
Authors: Ebato Yudai , Nobukawa Sou , Sakemi Yusuke , Nishimura Haruhiko , Kanamaru Takashi , Sviridova Nina , Aihara Kazuyuki 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe echo state network (ESN) is an excellent machine learning model for processing time-series data. This model, utilising the response of a recurrent neural network, called a reservoir, to input signals, achieves high training efficiency. Introducing time-history terms into the neuron model of the reservoir is known to improve the time-series prediction performance of ESN, yet the reasons for this improvement have not been quantitatively explained in terms of reservoir dynamics characteristics. Therefore, we hypothesised that the performance enhancement brought about by time-history terms could be explained by delay capacity, a recently proposed metric for assessing the memory performance of reservoirs. To test this hypothesis, we conducted comparative experiments using ESN models with time-history terms, namely leaky integrator ESNs (LI-ESN) and chaotic echo state networks (ChESN). The results suggest that compared with ESNs without time-history terms, the reservoir dynamics of LI-ESN and ChESN can maintain diversity and stability while possessing higher delay capacity, leading to their superior performance. Explaining ESN performance through dynamical metrics are crucial for evaluating the numerous ESN architectures recently proposed from a general perspective and for the development of more sophisticated architectures, and this study contributes to such efforts.
Potential routes of plastics biotransformation involving novel plastizymes revealed by global multi-omic analysis of plastic associated microbes
Authors: Ridley Rodney S. , Conrad Roth E. , Lindner Blake G. , Woo Seongwook , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDespite increasing efforts across various disciplines, the fate, transport, and impact of synthetic plastics on the environment and public health remain poorly understood. To better elucidate the microbial ecology of plastic waste and its potential for biotransformation, we conducted a large-scale analysis of all publicly available meta-omic studies investigating plastics (n = 27) in the environment. Notably, we observed low prevalence of known plastic degraders throughout most environments, except for substantial enrichment in riverine systems. This indicates rivers may be a highly promising environment for discovery of novel plastic bioremediation products. Ocean samples associated with degrading plastics showed clear differentiation from non-degrading polymers, showing enrichment of novel putative biodegrading taxa in the degraded samples. Regarding plastisphere pathogenicity, we observed significant enrichment of antimicrobial resistance genes on plastics but not of virulence factors. Additionally, we report a co-occurrence network analysis of 10 + million proteins associated with the plastisphere. This analysis revealed a localized sub-region enriched with known and putative plastizymes—these may be useful for deeper investigation of nature’s ability to biodegrade man-made plastics. Finally, the combined data from our meta-analysis was used to construct a publicly available database, the Plastics Meta-omic Database (PMDB)—accessible at plasticmdb.org. These data should aid in the integrated exploration of the microbial plastisphere and facilitate research efforts investigating the fate and bioremediation potential of environmental plastic waste.
Empagliflozin in children with glycogen storage disease-associated inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical trial
Authors: Li Zhiling , Zhang Xiaoyan , Chen Huan , Zeng Hanshi , Wu Jiaxing , Wang Ying , Ma Ni , Lan Jiaoli , Zhang Yuxin , Niu Huilin , Shang Lei , Jiang Xun , Yang Min 
Published: April 2024

AbstractGlycogen storage disease type Ib (GSD-Ib) is a rare inborn error of glycogen metabolism caused by mutations in SLC37A4. Patients with GSD-Ib are at high risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We evaluated the efficacy of empagliflozin, a renal sodium‒glucose cotransporter protein 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, on colonic mucosal healing in patients with GSD-associated IBD. A prospective, single-arm, open-label clinical trial enrolled eight patients with GSD-associated IBD from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital in China from July 1, 2022 through December 31, 2023. Eight patients were enrolled with a mean age of 10.34 ± 2.61 years. Four male and four female. The endoscopic features included deep and large circular ulcers, inflammatory hyperplasia, obstruction and stenosis. The SES-CD score significantly decreased at week 48 compared with before empagliflozin. Six patients completed 48 weeks of empagliflozin therapy and endoscopy showed significant improvement or healing of mucosal ulcers, inflammatory hyperplasia, stenosis, and obstruction. One patient had severe sweating that required rehydration and developed a urinary tract infection. No serious or life-threatening adverse events. This study suggested that empagliflozin may promote colonic mucosal healing and reduce hyperplasia, stenosis, and obstruction in children with GSD-associated IBD.
Refraction and topographic risk factors for early myopic regression after small-incision lenticule extraction surgery
Authors: Lee Chia-Yi , Jeng Yu-Ting , Chao Chen-Cheng , Lian Ie-Bin , Huang Jing-Yang , Yang Shun-Fa , Chang Chao-Kai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe sought to evaluate the topographic risk factors for early myopic regression after small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). A retrospective case‒control study was conducted, and individuals who underwent SMILE surgery were enrolled. Among them, 406 and 14 eyes were categorized into the nonregression and regression groups, respectively. The preoperative and postoperative parameters in the two groups were collected, including spherical refraction (SE), axial length (AXL) and topographic data. A generalized linear model was adopted to analyze the difference in each parameter between the two groups. After 6 months, UCVA decreased in the regression group, and SE increased in the regression group (both P < 0.05). The increase in the CCT at the thinnest point (P = 0.044), flat corneal curvature (P = 0.012) and TCRP (P = 0.001) were significantly greater in the regression group. Regarding the risk factors for myopic regression, preoperative SE, preoperative sphere power, preoperative AXL, preoperative flat corneal curvature, preoperative SA, early postoperative SE, early postoperative sphere power, early postoperative AXL and early postoperative CCT difference were significantly greater in the regression group (all P < 0.05). The SE, sphere power, AXL, preoperative flat corneal curvature, preoperative SA, and postoperative CCT difference correlate with early myopic regression after SMILE.
A six degrees-of-freedom cable-driven robotic platform for head–neck movement
Authors: Bales Ian , Zhang Haohan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces a novel cable-driven robotic platform that enables six degrees-of-freedom (DoF) natural head–neck movements. Poor postural control of the head–neck can be a debilitating symptom of neurological disorders such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cerebral palsy. Current treatments using static neck collars are inadequate, and there is a need to develop new devices to empower movements and facilitate physical rehabilitation of the head–neck. State-of-the-art neck exoskeletons using lower DoF mechanisms with rigid linkages are limited by their hard motion constraints imposed on head–neck movements. By contrast, the cable-driven robot presented in this paper does not constrain motion and enables wide-range, 6-DoF control of the head–neck. We present the mechatronic design, validation, and control implementations of this robot, as well as a human experiment to demonstrate a potential use case of this versatile robot for rehabilitation. Participants were engaged in a target reaching task while the robot applied both assistive and resistive moments on the head during the task. Our results show that neck muscle activation increased by 19% when moving the head against resistance and decreased by 28–43% when assisted by the robot. Overall, these results provide a scientific justification for further research in enabling movement and identifying personalized rehabilitation for motor training. Beyond rehabilitation, other applications such as applying force perturbations on the head to study sensory integration and applying traction to achieve pain relief may benefit from the innovation of this robotic platform which is capable of applying controlled 6-DoF forces/moments on the head.
Impacts of spatio-temporal change of landscape patterns on habitat quality across Zayanderud Dam watershed in central Iran
Authors: Abolmaali Seyed Mohammad-reza , Tarkesh Mostafa , Mousavi Seyed Alireza , Karimzadeh Hamidreza , Pourmanafi Saeid , Fakheran Sima 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe biodiversity of an ecosystem is greatly influenced by the spatio-temporal pattern of the landscape. Understanding how landscape type affects habitat quality (HQ) is important for maintaining environmental and ecological sustainability, preserving biodiversity, and guaranteeing ecological health. This research examined the relationship between the HQ and landscape pattern. The study presented an interpretation of the biodiversity variation associated with the landscape pattern in the Zayanderud Dam watershed area by integrating the Land Change Modeler and the InVEST model. Landsat images and maximum likelihood classification were used to analyze the spatio-temporal characteristics of the landscape pattern in 1991 and 2021. The future landscape pattern in 2051 was simulated using a Land Change Modeler. Subsequently, the InVEST model and the landscape maps were used to identify the spatial distribution of HQ and its changes over three periods. The mean values of the HQ in the study area were 0.601, 0.489, and 0.391, respectively, demonstrating a decreasing trend. The effect of landscape pattern change on HQ was also assessed based on landscape metrics, including PD, NP, SHDI, and CONTAG. HQ had a significant positive correlation with the CONTAG parameter (R = 0.78). Additionally, it had a significant inverse correlation with NP (R = − 0.83), PD (R = − 0.61), and SHDI (R = − 0.42). The results showed that the habitats in the northern region had lower quality compared to those in the southern parts of the Zayanderud Dam watershed. The density, diversity, and connectivity of landscape patches significantly influence the HQ in the study area. This research has the potential to enhance understanding of the impacts of land change patterns on biodiversity and establish a scientific basis for the conservation of natural habitats. Additionally, it can facilitate efficient decision-making and planning related to biodiversity conservation and landscape management.
A unified SVPWM fault tolerant control algorithm for single leg fault reconstruction topology of two-level inverter
Authors: Zhiduan Cai , Lihao Xu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTo improve the reliability of Two-level three phase voltage source inverters, a uniform fault tolerant strategy based on space vector pulse width modulation is proposed for different leg faults. The reconstructed topologies of inverters with different bridge arm faults are different, which makes the basic voltage vector phase of each reconstructed topology inconsistent, resulting in different calculations. Therefore, the coordinate transformation is applied to place the basic voltage vectors of each reconstructed topology on the synchronous stationary αβ coordinate system so that the calculations of the reconstructed topology under different bridge arm faults are unified, thus reducing the complexity of fault-tolerant control. Aiming at the three-phase current asymmetry caused by the neutral point voltage oscillation in inverter topology reconstruction, a transient compensation method of neutral point voltage offset for the α-axis component of the reference voltage vector is introduced to suppress the adverse effects. The compensation method directly offers a neutral point voltage offset value after Clarke transformation and corrects the α-axis component of the reference voltage vector, avoiding the integral calculation in the conventional voltage compensation algorithm. The correctness and effectiveness of the proposed fault-tolerant control strategy are verified experimentally.
Circular ZDHHC11 supports Burkitt lymphoma growth independent of its miR-150 binding capacity
Authors: Liu Yichen , Zhao Xing , Seitz Annika , Hooijsma Annie A. , Ravanbakhsh Reyhaneh , Sheveleva Sofia , de Jong Debora , Koerts Jasper , Dzikiewicz-Krawczyk Agnieszka , van den Berg Anke , Ziel-Swier Lotteke J. Y. M. , Kluiver Joost 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe previously showed that MYC promoted Burkitt lymphoma (BL) growth by inhibiting the tumor suppressor miR-150, resulting in release of miR-150 targets MYB and ZDHHC11. The ZDHHC11 gene encodes three different transcripts including a mRNA (pcZDHHC11), a linear long non-coding RNA (lncZDHHC11) and a circular RNA (circZDHHC11). All transcripts contain the same region with 18 miR-150 binding sites. Here we studied the relevance of circZDHHC11, including this miR-150 binding site region, for growth of BL cells. CircZDHHC11 was mainly present in the cytoplasmic fraction in BL cells and its localization was not altered upon miR-150 overexpression. Knockdown of circZDHHC11 caused a strong inhibition of BL growth without affecting the expression levels of MYC, MYB, miR-150 and other genes. Overexpression of circZDHHC11 neither affected cell growth, nor rescued the phenotype induced by miR-150 overexpression. Genomic deletion of the miR-150 binding site region did not affect growth, nor did it change the effect of circZDHHC11 knockdown. This indicated that the miR-150 binding site region is dispensable for the growth promoting role of circZDHHC11. To conclude, our results show that circZDHHC11 is a crucial factor supporting BL cell growth independent of its ability to sponge miR-150.
Effect of thermal treatment on microcracking characteristics of granite under tensile condition based on bonded-particle model and moment tensor
Authors: Zhao Jinsheng , Sun Wei , Luo Hao , Wu Shunchuan , Hou Zhiqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is known that the heterogeneity caused by thermally induced micro-cracks and thermal stress can affect the mechanical behavior of granite. The laboratory-scale tests have the intrinsic limitation of non-repeatability and lack of effective methods to characterize the interaction effect between thermal micro-cracks and thermal stresses. In this study, we demonstrate how advancements in particle bonded model and moment tensor can help better understand the roles of high temperature in weakening granite and thermally induced cracking process in Brazilian test. Our results show that the types of micro-cracks (intergranular, intragranular, and transcrystalline ones) are related to their thermal expansion coefficients of mineralogical compositions. The intergranular tensile micro-cracks are predominant during the heating and heating–cooling processes. An obvious weakening of granite and non-central initiation is associated with the heterogeneity caused by the thermal damage and thermal stress. We also quantitatively evaluate the thermal damage based on orientation distribution, b-value, and nature of the sources, which gives a new microcracking perspective on tensile characteristics subjected to high temperature.
Comparison and evaluation of overcoring and hydraulic fracturing stress measurements
Authors: Li Peng , Cai Meifeng , Miao Shengjun , Li Yuan , Sun Liang , Wang Jiangtao , Gorjian Mostafa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe stress measurements determined by both the overcoring (OC) and hydraulic fracturing (HF) methods in the Shuichang iron mine and Sanshandao gold mine were compared and evaluated, respectively. The results indicate that the independent OC and HF data in the two mines reveal the same dominant faulting stress regime. The σH orientations derived from the OC and HF methods in the Shuichang iron mine are dominantly oriented in the N81.1°W–N89.4°W and N77.0°E–N88.0°E, respectively, and the σH orientations yielded from the OC and HF techniques in the Sanshandao gold mine are predominantly in the N30°W–N90°W and N55.5°W–N60.4°W, respectively; hence, the σH orientations obtained by the two different methods in the two mines are comparatively similar. In addition, the shapes of the probability density diagrams using an improved Bayesian regression approach of the three principal stresses measured by the OC and HF methods in the same mine are quite similar, and all the obtained Kolmogorov–Smirnov test p-values are larger than the selected significance level of 0.01, indicating that the stress data interpreted by the two methods approximately follow the same distribution law. Thus, the performance of the two techniques and the reliability of the measured data are satisfactory.
Simulation of a randomly percolated CNT network for an improved analog physical unclonable function
Authors: Yang Hyo-In , Lee Hanbin , Ko Jeonghee , An Yulim , Min Gyeongsu , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Bae Jong-Ho , Lim Meehyun , Choi Sung-Jin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCarbon nanotube networks (CNTs)-based devices are well suited for the physically unclonable function (PUF) due to the inherent randomness of the CNT network, but CNT networks can vary significantly during manufacturing due to various controllable process conditions, which have a significant impact on PUF performance. Therefore, optimization of process conditions is essential to have a PUF with excellent performance. However, because it is time-consuming and costly to fabricate directly under various conditions, we implement randomly formed CNT network using simulation and confirm the variable correlation of the CNT network optimized for PUF performance. At the same time, by implementing an analog PUF through simulation, we present a 2D patterned PUF that has excellent security and can compensate for error occurrence problems. To evaluate the performance of analog PUF, a new evaluation method different from the existing digital PUF is proposed, and the PUF performance is compared according to two process variables, CNT density and metallic CNT ratio, and the correlation with PUF performance is confirmed. This study can serve as a basis for research to produce optimized CNT PUF by applying simulation according to the needs of the process of forming a CNT network.