bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Missing link: code-switches, borrowings, and accommodation biases
Authors: De Smet Hendrik , Shaw Marlieke 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen words are transferred from a source language into a target language, they may become conventionalized and appear to fully adopt target-language morphosyntactic behavior. Such words are traditionally regarded as borrowings. Even borrowings, however, are subject to probabilistic usage constraints, which we refer to as “accommodation biases” and which distinguish borrowings from native vocabulary. A case study is presented on accommodation biases in French-based verbs and adjectives in Middle English, showing that accommodation biases are robustly attested and can be diachronically persistent over long periods. In structural terms, accommodation biases resemble some of the familiar morphosyntactic constraints on code-switching. Combining the empirical evidence with theoretical argumentation, it is proposed that accommodation biases reflect a processing cost that is specifically associated with transferred items, and that arises from dual-language activation in bilingual speakers. Thus, accommodation biases indicate that even conventionalized borrowings may be more akin to code-switches than hitherto assumed.
FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of nasal septal cartilage and mandibular condyle cartilage
Authors: Xie Tao , Zhu Fangyong , Cheng Renyi , Gao Jing , Hong Yuchen , Deng Peishen , Liu Chaofeng , Xu Yanhua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Nasal septal cartilages (NSCs) and mandibular condyle cartilages (MCCs) are two important cartilages for craniomaxillofacial development. However, the role of FLRT2 in the formation of NSCs and MCCs remains undiscovered. NSCs and MCCs were used for immunocytochemistry staining of collagen II, toluidine blue staining, and alcian blue staining. Quantitative reverse transcription‑PCR and western blot were used to detect mRNA and protein expressions of FLRT2, N-cadherin, collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9. Cell proliferation of MCCs and NSCs was tested by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and cell counting kit‑8 assay. Cell migration of MCCs and NSCs was examined by wound healing assay and Transwell. Chondrogenesis of MCCs and NSCs were similar in morphological characteristics, while different in cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix. FLRT2 promotes the proliferation and migration of NSCs. There were up-regulation of N-cadherin and down-regulation of collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in NSC with knock down FLRT2. The current study, as demonstrated by Xie et al., reveals that FLRT2 overexpression in Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats promotes the proliferation and migration of NSCs and MCCs, decreases N-cadherin while increases collagen II, aggrecan, and SOX9 in NSC and MCCs. Altogether, FLRT2 mediates chondrogenesis of NSCs and MCCs.
High-speed data transmission over a microresonator frequency comb with dispersion compensation for augmented data rates and reach
Authors: Ong Kenny Y. K. , Abdul Rahim Aadhi , Chia Xavier X. , Chen George. F. R. , Xing Peng , Tan Dawn T. H. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Microresonator frequency comb-based high-speed data transmission provides a pathway towards augmented data capacity without increasing the number of laser sources. Their use with intensity-modulated direct detection modulation (IMDD) formats is especially pertinent in data center communications where minimizing cost, latency and complexity is paramount. This however implies that the same extent of digital signal processing techniques commonly used in coherent detection for the management of fiber impairments including chromatic dispersion are not available. With the proliferation of silicon photonics technologies in data center transceivers integrated dispersion compensation which can overcome fiber impairments would be of great merit. We demonstrate low power generation of the primary comb state in a silicon nitride microresonator and transmission of 25 Gb/s NRZ and 50 Gb/s PAM4 data over 20 km of single mode fiber. This represents the longest fiber reach demonstrated to date for the transmission of IMDD data using an integrated, microresonator frequency comb. An integrated, tunable grating device for dispersion compensation that reduces dispersion impairments after several fiber lengths generates significant improvements in the eye diagram, six orders of magnitude improvement in the bit-error rate and 14 dB improvement in the transmitter and dispersion eye closure quaternary values. Concurrently, doubling data transmission is demonstrated via polarization multiplexing a comb line and successful dispersion compensation of up to 20 km.
Bayesian optimization of Fisher Information in nonlinear multiresonant quantum photonics gyroscopes
Authors: Sun Mengdi , Kovanis Vassilios , Lončar Marko , Lin Zin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We propose an on-chip gyroscope based on nonlinear multiresonant optics in a thin film χ
(2) resonator that combines high sensitivity, compact form factor, and low power consumption simultaneously. We theoretically analyze a novel holistic metric – Fisher Information capacity of a multiresonant nonlinear photonic cavity – to fully characterize the sensitivity of our gyroscope under fundamental quantum noise conditions. Leveraging Bayesian optimization techniques, we directly maximize the nonlinear multiresonant Fisher Information. Our holistic optimization approach orchestrates a harmonious convergence of multiple physical phenomena – including noise squeezing, nonlinear wave mixing, nonlinear critical coupling, and noninertial signals – all encapsulated within a single sensor-resonator, thereby significantly augmenting sensitivity. We show that

∼
470
×

$\sim 470{\times}$

improvement is possible over the shot-noise limited linear gyroscope with the same footprint, intrinsic quality factors, and power budget.
Milk protein polymorphisms of Aosta Valley cattle breeds
Authors: Merlet Mathieu , Vernetti-Prot Luca , Valentini Sabina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Cow’s milk proteins are encoded by highly polymorphic genes characterized by several mutations which result in different allelic variants. Each allelic variant has different possible effects on cheese-making properties and on human health. β-casein A1-A3-I-B, k-casein B and β-lactoglobulin B are supposed to influence milk cheese-making properties by increasing cheese or milk yield, by varying chemical parameters, by having small casein micelle size, and by influencing rennet coagulation time (RCT) and curd-firming rate (CFR). In addition, β-casein A1-B are also considered to be a risk factor for different health diseases such as ischemic heart disease (IHD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), decreased glutathione (GSH) concentration, and milk intolerance. An LC-MS method was applied to profile, for the first time, the main milk proteins genetic variants from Aosta Valley autochtonous cattle breeds. Analyses performed on milk collected from bovines of three cattle breeds (Red Pied – VRP, Black Pied – VNP and Chestnut – CAS), either from IAR experimental farm or from herds of dairy-producers in Aosta Valley region, showed quite high frequencies of β-casein A2 and A3/I, and low frequencies of β-casein A1. Moreover, low frequencies of β-casein B in VRP breed and high frequencies of the same variant in CAS, and VNP breeds have been found. As far as k-casein is concerned allelic variant B is the most diffused in VRP while allelic variant A in VNP and CAS breeds. Finally, β-lactoglobulin most diffused allelic variant for all breeds is B. Results suggest that Aosta Valley milk has good cheese-making properties and good frequencies of β-casein A2 which may be related to beneficial effects on human health. In light of these results, it is important to develop breeding programs which take into consideration milk proteins polymorphisms to further increase the milk suitability for cheese-making process and to decrease the presence of β-casein A1 and B in drinking milk which can be a risk factor for human health.
Dynamics of alkaloid accumulation in Narcissus cv. Hawera: a source of Sceletium-type alkaloids
Authors: Sidjimova Borjana , Denev Rumen , Nikolova Milena , Bastida Jaume , Berkov Strahil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The Sceletium-type alkaloids, known for their anxiolytic and antidepressant activities, have been recently found to be biosynthesized in Narcissus cv. Hawera, which is largely used as an ornamental plant. An alkaloid fraction enriched with Sceletium-type alkaloids from the plant has shown promising antidepressant and anxiolytic activities. In the present study, qualitative and quantitative analyses of the alkaloids in the plant organs were performed during one vegetation season by GC-MS. The alkaloid pattern and total alkaloid content was found to depend strongly on the stage of development and plant organ. The alkaloid content of bulbs was found to be highest during the dormancy period and lowest in sprouting bulbs. The leaves showed the highest alkaloid content during the intensive vegetative growth and lowest during flowering. In total, 13 alkaloids were detected in the methanol extracts of Narcissus cv. Hawera, six Sceletium-type and seven typical Amaryllidaceae alkaloids. Major alkaloids in the alkaloid pattern were lycorine, 6-epi-mesembrenol, mesembrenone, sanguinine, and galanthamine. The leaves of flowering plants were found to have the highest amount of 6-epi-mesembrenol. Mesembrenone was found to be dominant alkaloid in the leaves of sprouting bulbs and in the flowers. Considering the biomass of the plant, the dormant bulbs are the best source of alkaloid fractions enriched with 6-epi-mesembrenol. The flowers and the young leaves can be used for preparation of alkaloid fractions enriched with mesembrenone. The results indicates that Narcissus cv. Hawera is an emerging source of valuable bioactive compounds and its utilization can be extended as a medicinal plant.
Staging Sovereignty: Ephemeral Architecture and the Entry of Maria Teresa Rafaela into France, 1745
Authors: Gin Matthew 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article examines the architectural dimensions of the remise, a courtly ceremony that marked the moment when a royal bride departed her homeland to be given into her new husband’s possession. Staged in frontier zones, this ritual was often facilitated by ephemeral structures such as bridges and pavilions that, as part of their ritual function, marked out firm boundaries where none existed before. This study focuses on the remise staged in 1745 on a disputed island, the Isle of Pheasants, for the marriage of Princess Maria Teresa Rafaela of Spain to the French dauphin Louis-Ferdinand. Using state papers, contracts, and ceremonial texts, the article reconstructs the ephemeral spaces in which the handover was transacted. In doing so, this study reveals both the architectural stage management of the Franco-Spanish relationship and, more broadly, the spatial and ritual practices that undergirded early modern European diplomacy.
Down-to-Earth Types: Brick Buildings and the Bounds of Propriety in Berlin and Hamburg, 1904–14
Authors: Rousset Isabel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
As the go-to cladding material for a range of new utilitarian building types, machine-made brick appeared across Germany during the industrial boom of the 1890s. In response, in 1904, the Bund Heimatschutz (League of Homeland Protection) was formed to defend the traditional German landscape against the visual blight of industrialization. The organization began campaigning against the use of brick cladding, which it viewed as a sin against propriety and national character. By 1914, however, the situation had changed, and bricks and ceramics had firmly cemented their place within the bounds of cultural permissibility for architectural façades. Focusing on Berlin and Hamburg, this article discusses the processes that enabled the acceptance of brick cladding, shedding new light on the changing character of architectural theory during the prewar era, as architects forged new tools to reconcile history and modern life.
Low libido despite high normal testosterone levels in a male with an FSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma
Authors: Ghazal Asswad Randa , Khan Muhammad Ilyas , Elizabeth Gilkes Catherine , Daousi Christina , Thondam Sravan Kumar 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Functioning gonadotroph adenomas with clinical manifestations are extremely rare and the majority of these are FSH-secreting macroadenomas. Clinical symptoms are due to excess gonadotrophins and sex hormones, and these may be present for a long time before the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma is made. We present the case of a 37-year-old Caucasian male with clinical manifestations of an FSH-secreting pituitary macroadenoma. He had sexual dysfunction for a year followed by bilateral testicular pain and enlargement which was initially treated as suspected recurrent epididymitis, but his symptoms did not resolve. He presented a year later with headaches and bilateral superior temporal visual field defects. Brain imaging confirmed a pituitary macroadenoma with optic chiasm compression. Pituitary profile demonstrated an unusually high FSH with high normal LH and normal testosterone level. The patient successfully underwent transsphenoidal hypophysectomy and histology confirmed gonadotroph differentiation and immunoreactivity predominantly with FSH. Gonadotrophin levels and testosterone dropped significantly after surgery, and he was started on testosterone replacement. MR imaging, 2 years post surgery, showed no recurrence of pituitary adenoma. In conclusion, testicular enlargement and hypogonadal symptoms associated with low testosterone levels are recognised features in FSH-secreting pituitary adenomas. Our patient had hypogonadal symptoms but consistently high normal testosterone levels prior to surgery. The reason for low libido despite high testosterone is unclear. Our case highlights the need to suspect such rare underlying pituitary pathology when dealing with unusual combinations of hypogonadal symptoms, testicular enlargement with low or normal testosterone levels.

Learning points

Functioning pituitary adenomas that secrete excess follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) are very rare and often present with symptoms related to pituitary mass effect.

Testicular enlargement alongside sexual dysfunction are commonly reported symptoms amongst male patients.

Pituitary profile results demonstrate a raised FSH level with either a low, normal, or even high testosterone level which may not always correlate to clinical symptoms.

Pituitary pathology should be considered in males presenting with unusual combinations of testicular enlargement and hypogonadal symptoms even with normal testosterone levels.
Theoretical Modeling of a Beam with Variable Section and Finite Rigidity in A Fatigue Testing Machine to Verify the Bending Moment Produced in The Central Portion of The Smallest Diameter of The Beam Subjected to External Loads
Authors: Zurita Edison Gustavo Tapia , Rosales José Emilio Pérez 
Published: March 2024

There is a bending fatigue machine where it is detected that when loads are applied, the theoretical model of the beam with which the machine was designed to obtain the bending moment does not coincide with the real measurements of the bending moment obtained experimentally and the specimen does not break, to determine the correct theoretical modeling applicable to this fatigue machine, the following static models are proposed, and the theoretical results are obtained through computer simulation. The bending moment values ??produced by the applied loads are verified with measurements through the Hooke and Navier law using strain gages, the analysis of the different modeling is carried out and those that are closest to the real model obtained experimentally are analyzed
Illúzió a szabad akarat? Idegtudományi-pszichológiai-filozófiai megfontolások
Authors: Molnár Márk 
Published: March 2024

A szabad akarat képessége magától értetődőnek tűnhet, azonban a tudománytörténetben az erre vonatkozó determinisztikus (a szabad akarat lehetőségével összeegyeztethetetlen) és nem determinisztikus (a szabad akaratot megengedő) felfogás évszázadokra visszamenően követhető. A legfontosabb alapfogalmak tisztázását követően az akaratlagos mozgással kapcsolatos megfigyeléseket és ezek értelmezési lehetőségeit tekintjük át, többségében azokat, melyek az akaratlagos mozgás szándékát több 100 ms-mal megelőző felkészülési potenciál jelenségét alapul véve megengedik, vagy kizártnak tartják a szabad akarat lehetőségét. A kérdés szempontjából lényeges lehet annak mérlegelése, hogy képes lehet-e az idegrendszer termékeként felfogható pszichés tevékenység visszahatni magára az azt létrehozó rendszerre. Amennyiben ez lehetséges, ez nyitva hagyhatja a szabad akarat megvalósulásának lehetőségét.
Adam Smith y la igualdad: Continuidades y tensiones dentro de su teoría
Authors: Olivares C. Yercko 
Published: March 2024

El presente artículo se propone abordar la obra de Adam Smith con el objeto de identificar una posible “teoría sobre la igualdad” en el corpus del filósofo escocés. Nuestro planteamiento cuestiona el ideario colectivo en torno a este autor, según el cual se lo caracteriza como cercano al anti-igualitarismo de ciertas corrientes liberales. Basándonos en investigaciones hechas en los últimos años por algunos estudiosos de Smith, expondremos argumentos e ideas presentes en su obra que se pueden asociar a posiciones igualitaristas y que muestran que su postura sobre este tema es más compleja de lo que se cree. En esta línea, con el fin de evidenciar la posición de Smith acerca de la igualdad, presentaremos su concepción sobre el surgimiento de la desigualdad y ciertas ideas plasmadas en La Riqueza de las Naciones y en Teoría de los Sentimientos Morales relevantes para la discusión. En esta tarea, tomaremos como principal referente el trabajo de Samuel Fleischacker, cuya interpretación de Smith -que será complementada con análisis propios- tenemos también el objeto de difundir.
Decision-Making Engagement Preferences among Older Adults with CKD
Authors: Gonzales Kristina M. , Koch-Weser Susan , Kennefick Kristen , Lynch Mary , Porteny Thalia , Tighiouart Hocine , Wong John B. , Isakova Tamara , Rifkin Dena E. , Gordon Elisa J. , Rossi Ana , Weiner Daniel E. , Ladin Keren 
Published: March 2024

Key Points

Clinicians’ uncertainty about the degree to which older patients prefer to engage in decision making remains a key barrier to shared decision making.Most older adults with advanced CKD preferred a collaborative or active role in decision making.

Background
Older adults with kidney failure face preference-sensitive decisions regarding dialysis initiation. Despite recommendations, few older patients with kidney failure experience shared decision making. Clinician uncertainty about the degree to which older patients prefer to engage in decision making remains a key barrier.

Methods
This study follows a mixed-methods explanatory, longitudinal, sequential design at four diverse US centers with patients (English-fluent, aged ≥70 years, CKD stages 4–5, nondialysis) from 2018 to 2020. Patient preferences for engagement in decision making were assessed using the Control Preferences Scale, reflecting the degree to which patients want to be involved in their decision making: active (the patient prefers to make the final decision), collaborative (the patient wants to share decision making with the clinician), or passive (the patient wants the clinician to make the final decision) roles. Semistructured interviews about engagement and decision making were conducted in two waves (2019, 2020) with purposively sampled patients and clinicians. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were used for quantitative analyses; thematic and narrative analyses were used for qualitative data.

Results
Among 363 patient participants, mean age was 78±6 years, 42% were female, and 21% had a high school education or less. Control Preferences Scale responses reflected that patients preferred to engage actively (48%) or collaboratively (43%) versus passively (8%). Preferred roles remained stable at 3-month follow-up. Seventy-six participants completed interviews (45 patients, 31 clinicians). Four themes emerged: control preference roles reflect levels of decisional engagement; clinicians control information flow, especially about prognosis; adapting a clinical approach to patient preferred roles; and clinicians' responsiveness to patient preferred roles supports patients' satisfaction with shared decision making.

Conclusions
Most older adults with advanced CKD preferred a collaborative or active role in decision making. Appropriately matched information flow with patient preferences was critical for satisfaction with shared decision making.

Clinical Trial registry name and registration number:
Decision Aid for Renal Therapy (DART), NCT03522740.
A Theoretical Book on Biochemistry
Authors: Rajan Mr. Nitin , Kulshrestha Ms. Vridhi , Soni Mr. Shubhankit , Kanaujiya Mr. Shubham 
Published: March 2024

Biochemistry is a fundamental subject for students pursuing a Diploma in Pharmacy as per the regulations of the Pharmacy Council of India (PCI). Understanding the principles of biochemistry is essential for students to comprehend the molecular mechanisms involved in drug action, metabolism, and toxicity. The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive overview of the entire syllabus of biochemistry for students pursuing a Diploma in Pharmacy as per PCI regulations.

Chapter-wise Coverage
The book covers all the essential topics included in the syllabus of biochemistry for the Diploma in Pharmacy as per PCI. The chapters are arranged in a logical sequence, starting with an introduction to the fundamental principles of biochemistry, including the structure and function of biomolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The subsequent chapters delve into the biochemical pathways involved in energy metabolism, with a detailed discussion on glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.
The book also covers the principles of enzymology, including enzyme kinetics, regulation, and inhibition. The chapter on bioenergetics provides a detailed discussion on the principles of thermodynamics and how they relate to biological systems. The book also includes a comprehensive discussion on the principles of molecular genetics, including DNA replication, transcription, and translation.
In addition, the book covers the principles of pharmacology, including drug metabolism, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions. The chapter on clinical biochemistry provides a comprehensive discussion on the role of biochemistry in disease diagnosis, including the diagnosis of diabetes, liver diseases, and cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion
This book is designed to be an indispensable resource for students pursuing a Diploma in Pharmacy as per PCI regulations. It provides a comprehensive overview of the entire syllabus of biochemistry, including essential topics such as the structure and function of biomolecules, energy metabolism, enzymology, molecular genetics, pharmacology, and clinical biochemistry. The book is written in a clear and concise manner, with numerous illustrations and examples to aid student comprehension. It is hoped that this book will serve as an essential reference for students pursuing a Diploma in Pharmacy and will help them to develop a deep understanding of the principles of biochemistry.