bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant biology education: A competency‐based vision for the future
Authors: Hubbard Katharine 
Published: March 2024

Societal Impact StatementPlant biology is an essential discipline for addressing global challenges from food security to climate change. In order to achieve this, we need to educate plant biologists who can contribute to research, enterprise, policy, public engagement and beyond. This article explores the potential of competency‐based education, which emphasises what students can do rather than what we know. A flexible and adaptable model of competency based plant biology education is presented, along with practical suggestions and examples. This provides a framework through which we can educate plant biologists equipped to address major scientific and societal challenges of the future.SummaryPlant biology is an essential discipline for addressing global challenges from food security to climate change. In order to achieve this we need to educate plant biologists who can contribute to research, enterprise, policy, public engagement and beyond. In this article, I explore some of the issues and challenges facing plant biology education from authentic research driven curricula to the impact of AI. In order to effectively educate the plant biologists of the future I propose moving to a competency based approach to education. Competency based education emphasises what students can do rather than what they know. I present a three‐domain competency model for plant biology, structured around (i) knowledge and information literacy (ii) disciplinary and professional experience and (iii) self‐awareness and personal development as three interdependent aspects of competency. I accompany this with twelve proposed competencies for plant biologists. The model is flexible, robust and adaptable to specific local requirements and future demands of plant biology education. In reimagining plant biology education in this way we can present our discipline as exciting and relevant to students, and equip them with the capabilities required to contribute to plant biology activity from research to public policy.
Thoracic radiotherapy timing and prognostic factors in elderly patients with limited‐stage small cell lung cancer
Authors: Zhao Huan , Qi Yue , Zhang Lanfang , Xing Meng , Yang Fujun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study assessed the outcomes of elderly patients with limited‐stage small cell lung cancer (LS‐SCLC), which may be linked to the timing of thoracic radiotherapy (TRT) following chemotherapy.MethodsElderly patients (n = 78) with LS‐SCLC were divided into three groups depending on the timing of radiotherapy. The patients in the TRT group were stratified into early (TRT after 1–2 cycles of chemotherapy, n = 29), medium‐term (TRT after 3–4 cycles of chemotherapy, n = 33), and late (TRT after 5–6 cycles of chemotherapy, n = 16) TRT groups. The overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were assessed and compared.ResultsThe medium‐term TRT group demonstrated significantly longer mPFS (20.12 months) and better mOS (35.97 months) than those in the other groups (PFS: P = 0.021;OS: P = 0.035). A pairwise comparison of the three groups revealed that those who received medium‐term TRT exhibited significantly improved PFS than the early (mPFS: 20.12 vs. 10.36 mouths, P = 0.018) and late (mPFS: 20.12 vs. 9.17 months, P = 0.016) TRT. The medium‐term TRT group demonstrated significantly improved OS than the early TRT (mOS: 35.97 vs. 25.22 months, P = 0.007) but not in comparison with the late TRT (mOS: 35.97 vs. 21.63 months, P = 0.100).ConclusionIn elderly patients with LS‐SCLC, the addition of TRT after 3–4 cycles of chemotherapy appears to be a viable and potentially beneficial treatment approach.
The role of histamine H1 receptor in the anterior cingulate cortex on nociception level following acute restraint stress in male rats
Authors: Daniali Roxana , Zeraati Fatemeh , Mohammadi Mojdeh , Haddadi Rasool 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConsidering the importance of pain and stress, we decided to investigate the intra‐anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) microinjection of histamine and mepyramine alone and concurrently on acute pain induced by hot plate following restraint stress in male rats. 24‐gauge, 10 mm stainless steel guide cannula was implanted over the ACC in the incised scalp of 4 groups. Restraint stress in healthy rats produced a significant increase (p < .05) in the pain threshold. The simultaneous microinjection of 4 μg/side histamine and 8 μg/side mepyramine as a histaminergic system inverse agonist in healthy nonrestraint animals did not affect the pain threshold. Although Histamine decreased the threshold of pain meaningfully, mepyramine elevated it in a significant manner (p < .05). In the restrained animals, intra‐ACC microinjection of histamine produced no significant impact on the pain threshold. However, intra‐ACC microinjection of mepyramine before histamine, significantly (p < .01) altered the result and enhanced the threshold of pain. The results of our study demonstrated that histaminergic neurons have an important role in the processing of pain in the ACC following restraint stress.
A theoretical study of the electronic properties of hydrogenated spherical‐like SiC quantum dots with C‐rich and Si‐rich compositions
Authors: Ojeda‐Martínez Miguel , Thirumuruganandham Saravana Prakash , Baños Alejandro Trejo , Figueroa José Luis Cuevas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantum dots have many potential applications in opto‐electronics, energy storage, catalysis, and medical diagnostics, silicon carbide quantum dots could be very attractive for many biological and technological applications due to their chemical inertness and biocompatibility, however, there are seldom theoretical studies that could boost the development of these applications. In this work, the electronic properties of hydrogenated spherical‐like SiC quantum dots with C‐rich and Si‐rich compositions are investigated using density functional theory calculations. The quantum dots are modeled by removing atoms outside a sphere from an otherwise perfect SiC crystal, the surface dangling bonds are passivated with H atoms. Our results exhibit that the electronic properties of the SiC‐QD are strongly influenced by their composition and diameter size. The energy gap is always higher than that of the crystalline SiC, making these SiC QD's suitable for applications at harsh temperatures. The density of states and the energy levels show that the Si‐rich quantum dots had a higher density of states near the conduction band minimum, which indicates better conductivity. These results could be used to tune the electronicproperties of SiC quantum dots for optoelectronic applications.
Switchable Synthesis of Benzothiazoles, Benzothiazines and Benzothiazepines through the Reaction of Hetareno[e]pyrrole‐2,3‐Diones with o‐Aminothiophenol
Authors: Belozerova Dzhamilia N. , Sukhanova Polina V. , Dmitriev Maksim V. , Mashevskaya Irina V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report the substrate and conditions switchable synthetic methods for the preparation of benzothiazoles, benzothiazines and benzothiazepines based on the reactions of o‐aminothiophenol with hetareno[e]pyrrole‐2,3‐diones, 1H‐pyrrole‐2,3‐diones fused at the [e]‐side to heterocycles. The series of novel five‐, six‐ and seven‐membered N,S‐heterocycles were prepared in fair to excellent yields. The reported reactions proceeded under mild, catalyst‐free conditions, and the products were isolated by simple workup procedures.
Sulfatobetaine Synthesis from Epoxides and Tertiary Amine‐Sulfur Trioxide Complexes
Authors: Kozlov Sergei V. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe sulfatobetaine formation from epoxides and tertiary amine‐sulfur trioxide complexes was studied. It was revealed that heterocyclic tertiary amine‐sulfur trioxide complexes being the most electrophilic and reactive complexes produce sulfatobetaines in 15.5–62.6 % isolation yields, the aliphatic tertiary amine sulfur‐trioxide complexes failed to form the expected products. The presence of the amine taken in 5‐fold excess improves the isolation yields of the sulfatobetaines (52–100 %).
Detailed Reaction Mechanism of Anthracene‐Bridged bis‐(3‐Pyridiniumboronic Acid) Chemosensor with D‐Glucose
Authors: Tanaka Rei , Matsuo Keigo , Suzuki Shota , Mikami Gento , Suzuki Yota , Sugaya Tomoaki , Iwatsuki Satoshi , Inamo Masahiko , Ishihara Koji 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDetailed reaction mechanisms of 4‐(N‐methyl)pyridinium boronic acid (1) and anthracene‐bridged bis(pyridinium boronic acid) compounds (diboronic acids 2 and 3) with D‐glucose were kinetically investigated in aqueous methanolic solutions. The crystal structure of diboronic acid 3 was determined using X‐ray crystallography. The pKa values of the two boronic acid moieties of diboronic acid (2 or 3) differed by one unit, indicating electronic interactions between the two boronic acid moieties. The kinetics of the reaction of boronic acid 1 with D‐glucose showed that both trigonal boronic acid and tetrahedral boronate ions were reactive with D‐glucose. UV‐Vis spectrophotometry and 1H NMR spectrometry of the reactions of phenylboronic acid with some model compounds of D‐glucose showed that the reactive moiety of α‐D‐glucofuranose towards phenylboronic acid was not the 1,2‐diol site, but the 3,5,6‐triol site. In the reactions of diboronic acids 2 and 3 with D‐glucose, the 3,5,6‐triol site of α‐D‐glucofuranose reacts first with one of the two equivalent boronic acid moieties of diboronic acid to form a 3,5‐bicoordinate intermediate as a rate‐determining step, followed by the reaction of the 1,2‐diol site of α‐D‐glucofuranose with another boronic acid moiety of diboronic acid to form the final 1,2 : 3,5‐tetracoordinate cyclic compound as a fast step.
Sustainable Chemical Derivatization of Hydroxycinnamic Acids
Authors: Longobardo Luigi , Di Fabio Giovanni , Zarrelli Armando 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGreen solvents like ethyl acetate and acetone convert hydroxycinnamic acids into natural and unnatural derivatives such as amides, esters, and other valuable synthetic intermediates. Employing as protection‐activation a system based on an alkyl chloroformate and N‐methyl morpholine, ethyl acetate emerges as an excellent solvent for coupling O‐carbonate‐protected mixed anhydrides in acylation reactions of C‐protected amino acids, amines, and catalyzed acylation of alcohols. This results in high yields of O‐protected phenolic amides and esters. Acetone is preferred for acyl nucleophilic substitution reactions involving ionic species like free amino acids, sodium azide, and sodium hydroxide, all added in water. This approach releases the resultant O‐protected acylation products. Free phenolic compounds are promptly obtained on demand through carbonate deprotection. This synthetic method offers a simplified procedure and employs low‐cost reagents to prepare natural and unnatural hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives.
In Situ Construction of a Type II Heterojunction UiO/BMO‐x for Improving the Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr (VI)
Authors: Liu Cong , Zhang Liuxue , Xu Xuetong , Qiao Jiaolong , Jia Xu , Wang Fuying , Wang Xiulian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) is one of the most promising technologies to remove Cr(VI) pollution because of its environmental friendliness, cost‐effective and energy saving. In this experiment, two‐dimensional Bi2MoO6(BMO) nanosheets and cerium‐based MOFs UiO‐66(Ce) were synthesized by solvent thermal method, and in the presence of BMO, the UiO/BMO‐x heterojunction composites were constructed in situ to explore its photocatalytic reduction properties of Cr(VI). The experiment showed that 4 mM of Cr (VI) solution could be reduced 100 % to Cr (VI) by 15 mg catalyst under optimal reaction conditions. The composite photocatalyst prepared in this experiment can realize the green treatment of Cr(VI) in the environment under photocatalytic conditions, and has potential application value in the remediation of heavy metal pollution.
Research progress of metal oxide supports for fuel cells electrocatalysts
Authors: Zhang Yuedie , Liu Chang , Wang Weixia , Chenge Junxiang , Li Xucong , Cheng Ping , Chen Chunguang , Zhu Yuanzheng , Zhang Shuping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFuel cell technology, as a new way of energy conversion, is widely used in various fields. At present, the electrocatalyst, as one of the key components of the electrochemical reaction of fuel cells, still suffers from the problems of high cost, low activity and poor stability. Excellent fuel cell electrocatalysts must have excellent catalytic activity, anti‐poisoning ability, electrical conductivity and stability. Metal oxides with corrosion resistance, electrochemical stability and strong metal support interaction effects have been intensively studied. The influence of the synthesis method on the catalytic performance is also crucial. In this review, the importance of fuel cells and their catalysts is introduced. The characteristics of catalysts with three metal oxides, titanium dioxide, cerium dioxide and tungsten oxide, as supports, preparation methods and applications in different fuel cells are reviewed. The synthesis of metal oxide supported catalysts by impregnation, precipitation and hydrothermal methods is described. Finally, the research on metal oxide supported catalysts is prospected.
TiN‐Au/HfO2‐Au Multilayer Thin Films with Tunable Hyperbolic Optical Response
Authors: Zhang Yizhi , Shen Jianan , Tsai Benson Kunhung , Sheng Xuanyu , Hu Zedong , Zhang Xinghang , Wang Haiyan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHyperbolic metamaterials (HMM) possess significant anisotropic physical properties and tunability and thus find many applications in integrated photonic devices. HMMs consisting of metal and dielectric phases in either multilayer or vertically aligned nanocomposites (VAN) form are demonstrated with different hyperbolic properties. Herein, self‐assembled HfO2‐Au/TiN‐Au multilayer thin films, combining both the multilayer and VAN designs, are demonstrated. Specifically, Au nanopillars embedded in HfO2 and TiN layers forming the alternative layers of HfO2‐Au VAN and TiN‐Au VAN. The HfO2 and TiN layer thickness is carefully controlled by varying laser pulses during pulsed laser deposition (PLD). Interestingly, tunable anisotropic physical properties can be achieved by adjusting the bi‐layer thickness and the number of the bi‐layers. Type II optical hyperbolic dispersion can be obtained from high layer thickness structure (e.g., 20 nm), while it can be transformed into Type I optical hyperbolic dispersion by reducing the thickness to a proper value (e.g., 4 nm). This new nanoscale hybrid metamaterial structure with the three‐phase VAN design shows great potential for tailorable optical components in future integrated devices.
The effect of NaOH concentration on ferrate electrosynthesis
Authors: Van Anh Nguyen Thi , Binh Phan Thi , Xuan Mai Thi , Thuy Mai Thi Thanh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study investigated the electrochemical characteristics of mild steel anode in NaOH solutions with concentrations ranging from 8 to 16 m to elucidate their impact on the electrochemical synthesis of ferrate and determine the optimal electrolyte concentration for this process. The electrochemical properties of anode material were determined using cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the Tafel polarization. The ferrate concentration was determined by UV–vis method and the conductivity of electrolytes was evaluated through EIS measurement in the high‐frequent range. The results showed that a passive layer easily formed on the anode surface in NaOH solution with a concentration range of 8–12 m, preventing the formation of ferrate. Conversely, at higher electrolyte concentrations (14 and 16 m NaOH), the dissolution capability of the passive layer was enhanced, resulting in a better ability to synthesize ferrate.
Green synthesis of 2‐thioxo‐4‐quinazolinones from 2‐aminobenzamide and isothiocyanates
Authors: Vo Ngoc Binh , Nguyen Le Thanh Hang , Tran Thi Yen , Nguyen Thi Thuy Hang , Nguyen Le Anh , Ngo Quoc Anh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractNovel green synthesis protocols of 2‐thioxo‐4‐quinazolinones starting from 2‐aminobenzamide and isothiocyanates have been reported. Method A: the reaction was carried out at 60 °C, in water, reaction time of 16 h. Method B: The reaction was carried out under solvent‐free conditions at 100 °C for 16 h. Based on these methods, six 2‐thixo‐4‐quinazolinone derivatives were synthesized with good yield. These methods have advantages, including no use of organic solvents, additives that avoid the generation of toxic waste, simple processes, cost‐effectiveness, good yields, ease of product isolation, and purification.
Fabrication and application of functionalized carbon nanotubes for highly sensitive and selective sensing of enrofloxacin
Authors: Doan Tien Dat , Pham Yen Thi Hai , Nhung Hac Thi , Oanh Ho Thi , Duc Tuyen Nguyen , Le Hung Quoc , Vu Thu Ha Thi , Pham Phong Hong , Hoang Mai Ha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper introduces an innovative electrochemical sensor that detects enrofloxacin (ENR) utilizing a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with reduced carbon nanotubes (rCNT). The fabrication process involved a simple drop‐coating technique using water‐soluble oxidized CNTs (oCNT), followed by electrochemical reduction to obtain the rCNT/GCE electrode. The electrochemical properties of the modified electrodes, including GCE, CNT/GCE, oCNT/GCE, and rCNT/GCE, were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The results demonstrated significantly improved electrochemical surface area and faster electron transfer rate for the rCNT/GCE electrode compared to the other configurations. Consequently, the rCNT/GCE electrode exhibited the highest electrochemical signal for ENR detection. Under optimized conditions, the rCNT/GCE‐based sensor displayed excellent performance for ENR detection. It achieved a low detection limit of 0.002 µm and demonstrated linearity within the ranges of 0.005–0.05 µm and 0.05–1.5 µm. Furthermore, the proposed sensor exhibited good selectivity, as well as excellent repeatability and reproducibility. To assess the sensor's practical utility, a quantitative analysis of ENR in shrimp meat samples was conducted. The results demonstrated the high sensitivity and accuracy of the proposed sensor in quantifying ENR, highlighting its potential as a reliable tool for environmental monitoring of water resources.
Anaesthetic management in adult reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) undergoing exploratory laparotomy for jejuno‐jejunal intussusception surgery resection
Authors: Cristina Parra Martínez , Natalie Young , Andrew Fiske‐Jackson , Cristina Bianchi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA 2‐year‐old, male reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) presented for further investigations and treatment of acute colic signs. On clinical investigations, an ultrasonographic abdominal exam revealed multiple hypomotile, dilated and fluid‐filled small intestinal loops. Based on clinical findings and increased signs of abdominal pain, small intestine obstruction was suspected, and an exploratory laparotomy was performed. The animal was premedicated with medetomidine (0.003 mg/kg) and butorphanol (0.05 mg/kg) intravenously. General anaesthesia was induced with ketamine (2 mg/kg intravenously) and propofol (3 mg/kg intravenously), and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Additional analgesia was provided with methadone (0.1 mg/kg intravenously) and ketamine (0.5 mg/kg intravenously). A jejuno‐jejunal intussusception requiring resection of approximately 6 inches (15 cm) was identified and jejuno‐jejuno anastomosis was performed. Fluid resuscitation was administered for treatment of hypotension during general anaesthesia. Recovery from anaesthesia was uneventful. Nevertheless, the deer was euthanased 5 days later due to clinical deterioration.
Multiple structural flavors of RNase P in precursor tRNA processing
Authors: Sridhara Sagar 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe precursor transfer RNAs (pre‐tRNAs) require extensive processing to generate mature tRNAs possessing proper fold, structural stability, and functionality required to sustain cellular viability. The road to tRNA maturation follows an ordered process: 5′‐processing, 3′‐processing, modifications at specific sites, if any, and 3′‐CCA addition before aminoacylation and recruitment to the cellular protein synthesis machinery. Ribonuclease P (RNase P) is a universally conserved endonuclease in all domains of life, performing the hydrolysis of pre‐tRNA sequences at the 5′ end by the removal of phosphodiester linkages between nucleotides at position −1 and +1. Except for an archaeal species: Nanoarchaeum equitans where tRNAs are transcribed from leaderless‐position +1, RNase P is indispensable for life and displays fundamental variations in terms of enzyme subunit composition, mechanism of substrate recognition and active site architecture, utilizing in all cases a two metal ion‐mediated conserved catalytic reaction. While the canonical RNA‐based ribonucleoprotein RNase P has been well‐known to occur in bacteria, archaea, and eukaryotes, the occurrence of RNA‐free protein‐only RNase P in eukaryotes and RNA‐free homologs of Aquifex RNase P in prokaryotes has been discovered more recently. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of structural diversity displayed by various RNA‐based and RNA‐free RNase P holoenzymes towards harnessing critical RNA–protein and protein–protein interactions in achieving conserved pre‐tRNA processing functionality. Furthermore, alternate roles and functional interchangeability of RNase P are discussed in the context of its employability in several clinical and biotechnological applications.This article is categorized under:
RNA Processing > tRNA Processing
RNA Evolution and Genomics > RNA and Ribonucleoprotein Evolution
RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > RNA‐Protein Complexes
Analyse II: „Just Follow the Science“ – Die plurale epistemische Autorität der Wissenschaft in der Corona-Krise
Authors: Hauswald Rico 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungIch möchte noch ein weiteres Beispiel betrachten, das mir aus mehreren Gründen besonders interessant und instruktiv zu sein scheint, um Funktionsweise und Leistungsfähigkeit des in dieser Untersuchung entwickelten Ansatzes zu demonstrieren. Einer dieser Gründe ist die überragende gesamtgesellschaftliche Relevanz des betrachteten Themas. Corona ist weltweit – oder zumindest in den meisten westlich geprägten Ländern – über zwei bis drei Jahre hinweg eine Art „totales Thema“ gewesen, d. h. ein Thema, das den öffentlichen Diskurs und das öffentliche Leben in sehr starkem Maße geprägt und zeitweilig sogar nahezu vollständig beherrscht hat.
Introduction and Motivation
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe book begins with an introduction to research on High-Growth Firms and scale-ups, focusing on the development of the literature, and observing that early work on scale-ups focused on anecdotal evidence and case studies. In contrast, this book seeks to develop a rigorous and general definition of scale-ups that is amenable to being applied to datasets of firm populations from different countries and time periods.
Firm Growth, and High-Growth Firms
Authors: Coad Alex , Bornhäll Anders , Daunfeldt Sven-Olov , McKelvie Alexander 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis chapter discusses previous research into firm growth. In particular, Eurostat and the OECD proposed an indicator of High-Growth Firms in 2007 that has helped develop the field of HGF research, because having a standardized HGF definition fostered comparisons of research findings and cumulativeness of knowledge.