bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
R409 – Apigenin and Kaempferol Effects on Oral Cancer FADU Cells
Authors: Helton William B , Choi Eun‐Young , Gairola C Gary , Valentino Joseph , Hollie Swanson 
Published: August 2008

ProblemDietary flavonoids are being investigated as chemopreventative agents for many cancers. The objective of this study was to determine whether the dietary flavonoids apigenin and kaempferol inhibit growth of malignant oral keratinocytes.MethodsFaDu cells were treated with increasing concentrations of apigenin and kaempferol. After 24 and 48 hours cell growth was determined using the WST‐1 assay. Three groups of nude mice (group 1‐kaempferol, group 2‐apigenin, group 3‐controls) were treated by gavage for one week prior to inoculation with FaDu cells (1 × 105 cells) Following inoculation, treatments were continued until sacrifice. Tumor volumes were calculated from three dimensional tumor measurements.ResultsIn vitro cell growth decreased with increasing concentrations of apigenin and kaempferol (p<0.001). In vivo tumor volume was significantly higher than controls for the apigenin group (p<0.03) but was marginally higher in kaempferol group (p=0.09) with an average volume of 3024mm3, 2610 mm3, and 1858 mm3 respectively.ConclusionApigenin and kaempferol inhibited tumor cell growth in culture. However, in vivo results show that these substances increased tumor burden. This is in contrast to previous in vivo and in vitro prostate cell line models showing apigenin inhibition of tumor growth. Further studies are needed to better evaluate the effect these dietary flavonoids exert on squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck.SignificanceThe role of these agents as chemopreventative agents for oral carcinoma is not supported by our data.SupportUniversity of Kentucky Department of Surgery Research Grant and NIH R‐01 grant.
R411 – FISH of Salivary Tumors to Enhance Diagnostic Accuracy
Authors: Kraai Tania L , Olson Garth T , Bocklage Therese J , John Hozier 
Published: August 2008

ProblemFine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) is used to triage patients with salivary tumors. Distinguishing benign from malignant is difficult on cytology features and immunohistochemistry alone, leading sometimes to an incorrect surgical resection. Therefore, we evaluated whether fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) could be performed routinely on salivary gland tumor FNAB's, potentially to improve diagnostic accuracy.MethodsPathology files from our institution were searched for patients with salivary gland tumors. We collected data on 74 tumors: 25 benign (18 pleomorphic adenoma and 7 Warthin's tumors) and 49 malignant (miscellaneous including adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and acinic cell carcinoma, among others). Clinical presentation, staging, and follow‐up information were obtained. Representative tumor blocks were disaggregated, converted to nuclear preps, and analyzed for aneuploidies of chromosomes 3, 7, 9, 11, and 19 using FISH. A novel technique creating a CMA (cytology microarray) enabled testing of multiple samples on one glass slide. Signal quantitation was performed using a Metasystems instrument. Shrunken centroid analysis was used to test for significant differences in the benign versus malignant group.ResultsSix tumors exhibited trisomies (8 percent); those few were exclusively limited to the malignant tumors. The tumor preps yielded adequate cellularity in 90% percent, and the CMA technique was time and cost efficient.ConclusionIn a large number of salivary gland tumors, we found that chromosome copy number abnormalities do not occur with high enough frequency to enhance diagnostic accuracy. When trisomy occurs, it more likely is associated with malignancy.SignificancePolyploidy seen on FISH analysis of the FNA of salivary tumors does not enhance diagnostic accuracy.
R412 – Role of KITENIN in Progression and Metastasis of SCC
Authors: Zarrella Mark , MD Joon Kyoo Lee , Lim Sang‐Chul 
Published: August 2008

ProblemThe expression of KAI1 (a metastatic suppressor gene) in cancer cells results in reduced cell motility and invasiveness. A cDNA clone of VANGL1, a member of the tetraspanin protein family that specifically interacts with the COOH‐terminal cytoplasm domain of KAI1, was isolated and renamed KITENIN (KAI1 COOH‐terminal interacting tetraspanin). The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of KITENIN on the progression and metastasis of transfected squamous cell carcinoma using in vivo and in vitro experiments.MethodsLocally advanced squamous cell carcinoma tissues from five patients were obtained for investigation of KITENIN expression. Malignant tumors, normal adjacent mucosa tissues, metastatic lymph nodes, and non‐metastatic lymph nodes were collected. KITENIN or vector only (control) was transfected into SCC (squamous cell carcinoma) VII, a mouse squamous cell carcinoma cell line, using FuGENE 6. An in vitro assay (invasion, migration, and proliferation) for KITENIN and the vector‐transfected group was studied. The KITENIN or vector‐transfected SCC VII cells were injected subcutaneously into 12 C3H/HeJ syngeneic mice (6 mice for each group). The tumor size was measured daily for 4 weeks. During the fifth week after injection, the presence of metastasis in the lung and liver tissue was evaluated for each mouse with a tumor mass on the back; the tissues were assessed by gross and microscopic examination.ResultsKITENIN was highly expressed in tumors and metastatic lymph nodes from patients. KITENIN‐transfected cells showed significantly increased invasion, migration, and proliferation compared with the vector‐transfected cells. Tumor volume was more increased in the KITENIN‐transfected cells‐injected mice. Lung metastasis was found in the KITENIN‐group (3/6 mice), while no metastasis in the vector‐group.ConclusionKITENIN participates in the progression and metastasis of SCC.SignificanceAn antisense KITENIN strategy may be a useful method to inhibit progression and metastasis in squamous cell carcinoma.SupportThis study was financially supported by Chonnam National University, 2006.
R414 – Nasopharyngeal Undifferentiated Carcinoma: Study of 46 Cases
Authors: Lehn Carlos Neutzling , Chedid Helma Maria , Porsani Alex Freitas 
Published: August 2008

ProblemThe nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been a rare cancer in the world. The incidence is higher in the southern Asiatic, Groveland and Tunisia. The age range follows the bimodal distribution. It appears most frequently in males, with a ratio of 3:1. Carcinogenic factors such as tobacco and alcohol have a role of little importance in the carcinogenesis of nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma. The diagnosis has gotten in elderly phase, named noiseless phase of growing and is not common the initial presentation with metastatic lymph node in the neck. The aim of this study was the assessment of demographic, clinical and treatment factors of nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma in Department of Head and Neck Surgical and Otorrinolaryngology of Heliópolis Heliópolis‐Hosphel.MethodsThis was the retrospective study of 46 patients on January 1998 to august 2000. All patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma had presented histopathological diagnostic of undifferentiated type. The treatment was the radiotherapy concomitant to chemotherapy to the clinical stage III and IV. Statistic analysis: Kaplan‐Meier methods.ResultsThe symptom of the most importance was the lymph node of neck. The local recurrences were not retreat and three of four regional recurrences were treated with neck dissection. All patients that spread out distance metastasis had presented loco‐regional control.ConclusionThe tobacco and alcohol were not factors related to disease presentation. The survival free of disease to three years was of 52%.SignificanceThe incidence, clinical factors and treatments and survival among patients with nasopharyngeal undifferentiated carcinoma.
R415 – Recurrence of Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (NPF) Study
Authors: Vishnu Vardhan , Martha R. 
Published: August 2008

ProblemStudy of correlation of recurrence of NPF with its histopathologic appearance.MethodsA retrospective and prospective study of 184 NPF cases identified, treated in Government Ear Nose Throat Hospital, and followed over a period of 26 years (1981–2006) and their histopathological slides are preserved, their recurrence rate is documented. The histopathology of NPF is varied ‐ composed of vascular and fibrous components and their proportion varied. In our study we will undertake the review of histopathology slides that are already preserved and would also like to study the new recurrent cases in the coming 6 months.ResultsAll recurrences were observed with in one year of of treatment and the recurrence rate was 19.66%. Recurrence had no correlation with age of patient, duration of symptoms, or surgical approach but correlated with stage of tumor at presentation (p less than 0.05). Preoperative embolisation was done in 16.85% cases and did not show any statistical difference in recurrence rate between the embolised and non embolised.ConclusionThe correlation between the histopathological appearance and the recurrence rate will help in choosing the right approach for surgery and also postoperative follow‐up to detect the recurrence at the earliest.SignificanceHistopathological detail can help in knowing the prognosis in terms of chances of recurrence and also guide for follow up at close intervals and advocate the appropriate treatment at the earliest.
R417 ‐ The Akt Pathway as a Biomarker in Carcinogenesis
Authors: Nathan Cherie Ann O , McEachern Matthew , Thornton Blakely Nelson , Rong Xiaohua , Clark Cheryl 
Published: August 2008

ProblemThe only definitive end point for studies of chemoprevention is the determination of the incidence of primary or secondary cancers which would require a multi‐year study with thousands of subjects and tremendous costs. The identification and validation of intermediate endpoints would be an important step in evaluating chemopreventive agents. We have previously noted that curcumin, an exciting nutraceutical with promising chemopreventive effects in HNSCC, inhibited the Akt pathway. Hence we wanted to determine if there was a difference in expression of pAkt in tumors and adjacent mucosa of HNSCC patients when compared to non cancer patients.Methods16 HNSCC and 16 non‐cancer (sleep apnea) patient samples were analyzed by western blot for expression of phosphorylated Akt (pAkt(Ser473)). The SCC samples include tumors and adjacent mucosa.ResultsPhosphorylated Akt was elevated 12‐fold in tumor samples compared to non‐cancer patients. No expression of pAkt was seen in mucosa of 12/16 non‐cancer patients while tumors and adjacent mucosa express pAkt in 15/16 HNSCC patients (p<0.05).ConclusionThe pAkt/mTOR pathway may be sensitive as Akt/mTOR is activated in 99% of HNSCC and not uvulas suggesting pAkt is a good biomarker for a chemopreventive agent.SignificanceThis preferential activation of the Akt pathway in HNSCC compared with the non‐cancer patients could be useful in the design of clinical trials with curcumin.SupportThis work was supported by the Feist‐Weiller Cancer Center and the American Society of Hematology.
R424 – Suppression of HNSCC with Liposomal Curcumin and Cisplatin
Authors: Suh Jeffrey D , Duarte Victor M , Salvado Amanda R , Veena Mysore Sadasivaiya , Wang Dorothy , Srivatsan Eri S , Wang Marilene B 
Published: August 2008

ProblemTo investigate whether curcumin, previously shown to inhibit growth of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), can potentiate the anti‐tumor effects of cisplatin in vitro and in vivo.MethodsHNSCC cells were treated with curcumin and cisplatin, individually and together, and assayed for growth using MTT, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. Five‐week old female athymic nude mice were utilized for in vivo experiments. HNSCC cells were injected to form xenograft tumors. Liposomal curcumin (50 ug/kg, maximum volume of 100ul) was administered intravenously three times per week for four weeks via tail vein injection. Mice were divided into three groups: no injection, liposomes alone, or liposomal cur‐cumin. At the end of the fourth week, a single dose of intraperitoneal cisplatin was given to all groups. At the end of five weeks, the mice were euthanized and tumors were dissected and weighed.ResultsAddition of curcumin or cisplatin alone or in combination resulted in cell death. Introduction of suboptimal levels of both agents in vitro demonstrated a synergistic suppression of HNSCC cell line growth compared to individual agents. Xenograft tumors in nude mice treated with combination curcumin and cisplatin showed superior tumor growth suppression compared to control mice and mice treated with liposome alone. Average tumor size for mice treated with combination therapy was 30% smaller than controls.ConclusionCurcumin potentiates the anti‐tumor activity of Cisplatin in vivo. Our data supports further investigation into the potential use of curcumin in combination with cisplatin in the treatment of HNSCC.SignificanceCurrent treatment modalities for HNSCC carry significant morbidity, which has led to the investigation of less toxic therapies. Previous studies by our group have demonstrated that liposome‐encapsulated curcumin can suppresses growth of HNSCC. In this study, we assess the potential of combining liposomal curcumin with cisplatin in the treatment of HNSCC.
R429 – Irradiation Changes MyHC Expression in Rat Larynx
Authors: Kim Jin‐Pyeong , Khalmuratova Roza , Jeon Sea Yuong , Park Jung Je , Hur Dong Gu , Kang Ki Mun 
Published: August 2008

ProblemLaryngeal cancer treatment involves radiotherapy, laser treatment, and/or surgery. Radiotherapy does not impair voice quality as much as laser treatment or surgery but can induce muscle wasting, fibrosis, and dry mouth symptoms. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms involved in such changes, we investigated the effect of irradiation on myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression in laryngeal muscles.MethodsRats were irradiated with one dose of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or 35 Gy and sacrificed 2 weeks later. Other rats were irradiated with 20 Gy and sacrificed 3 days or 2, 4, or 12 weeks later. The thyroarytenoid (TA), posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA), cricothyroid (CT), and digastric (DG) muscles were subjected to SYBR Green real time‐reverse transcriptase‐PCR.ResultsRadiation exceeding 20 Gy killed all rats within 7‐12 days. Two weeks after irradiation with 10, 15, or 20 Gy, MyHC type IIa expression had decreased in a dose‐dependent manner in the PCA and CT muscles and in a dose‐independent manner in the TA muscle. The expression of MyHC IIx and IIL also decreased but in a dose‐dependent manner in the TA muscle and a dose‐independent manner in the PCA and CT muscles. In the 20 Gy‐irradiated rats, MyHC IIx, IIL, and especially IIa expression declined over 12 weeks.ConclusionThe laryngeal muscles responded differently to radiation but showed a time‐dependent and long‐lasting decrease in the expression of all MyHC isoforms. MyHC IIa expression in the PCA and CT muscles may be more sensitive to irradiation than the other MyHC isoforms.SignificanceAll of these observations together support the notion that if the radiation‐induced changes in MyHC expression in the larynx can be ameliorated by an as‐yet undefined method, it may be possible to restore to normal the laryngeal muscles of larynx cancer patients who have been trated with radiation therapy, therepy presevering their voice quality.SupportThis work was supported by the Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korea Govement (MOE‐HRD)” (KRF‐2006‐331‐E00235).
R430 – Glycogen Depletion for Study of Neuromuscular Connectivity
Authors: Kunibe Isamu , Zealear David L , Katada Akihiro , Singh Vikas P. , Bekeny James , Kamdar Biren Bharat , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Billante Cheryl Rainey 
Published: August 2008

ProblemA useful technique for characterizing connectivity between nerve and muscle involves prolonged electrical stimulation of nerve fibers to deplete glycogen in their target muscle fibers. Depleted muscle fibers appear blank when stained by the PAS technique. Unfortunately, results are inconsistent over a wide range of stimulus paradigms. The aim of this study was to identify other factors that may impact glycogen depletion.MethodsGlycogen depletion was examined in the rat medial gastrocnemius muscle because of the presence of aerobic fiber types I and IIA, which are resistant to depletion. Tension and EMG were monitored during maximal stimulation of transected sciatic nerve with a 333 msec pulse train delivered at 40 Hz every second over a period of 1 hour. Once an effective paradigm was identified, depletion of an entirely aerobic muscle (i.e., soleus) was evaluated.ResultsAnimals maintained in a light plane of anesthesia with a steady rate of pentobarbital IP infusion showed an average depletion of only 72%. Animals administered a progressively increasing level of anesthesia with continued stimulation until complete loss of muscular response showed a significantly greater depletion of 96%. However, when this paradigm was applied to the soleus, only 37% of the muscle depleted. Further investigation determined that co‐contraction of gastrocnemius with soleus resulted in unloading of the slower soleus. Disruption of the gastrocnemius insertion on the Achilles tendon shifted the load to the soleus and increased soleus depletion to 93%.ConclusionMuscle fibers of any motor unit type can be identified with 93–96% accuracy when nerve stimulation is applied to an isometrically loaded muscle that is in a state of progressive barbiturate anesthesia.SignificanceGlycogen depletion provides a method for identifying the number, types, and distribution of muscle fibers in a muscle that have reinnervated, important in the assessment of nerve regeneration.SupportNIH grants R01 DC001149 and R01 DC008429.
R433 – The Anterior Epitympanum
Authors: Abou‐Bieh Alaa A. , Haberkamp Thomas J , Al‐Abdulhadi Khalid A , Al‐Tubaikh Jarah Ali 
Published: August 2008

ProblemEarly studies report detailed microscopic anatomy of the anterior epitympanum, yet none describe its anatomy from an endoscopic point of view.MethodsThirty‐five temporal bones were dissected, and the anatomic details were studied utilizing an operating microscope and otoendoscopes with 0o, 30o and 70o angles and 2.7 and 3 mm diameters.ResultsMarked variation in the size and shape of the anterior epitympanum was observed. The recess was found in all of the 35 bones. In 43% of the specimens, the main cavity was above the tensor tympanic fold, it was best endoscopically approached via the posterior transmastoid approach. But in 49% of the specimens, because the recess was divided into two cavities by the tensor tympanic fold, it necessitated both the transmastoid and the transcanal routes to endoscopically approach it. While in 8% of specimens, it was mainly endoscopically approached via the transcanal approach, as the recess was contiguous with the eustachian tube.ConclusionThe shape of the anterior epitympanum is influenced by the relation between the cavities above and below the tensor tympanic fold. The incorporation of otoendoscopes helps in more exposure of its different types with less aggressive approaches.SignificanceReview the added value of intra‐operative use of otoendoscopes to approach the different areas of the anterior epitympanic region.
R435 – Stapedius Muscle Relations to the Facial Canal
Authors: Abou‐Bieh Alaa A. , Haberkamp Thomas J , Al‐Tubaikh Jarah Ali 
Published: August 2008

ProblemThe gross anatomical variations of the stapedius muscle and its relations to the facial nerve canal.MethodsThirty‐five temporal bones were dissected, and the anatomic details were studied utilizing an operating microscope and otoendoscopes with 0o, 30o and 70o angles and 2.7 and 3 mm diameters. The muscle origin, its course in its bony sulcus with its relation to the facial nerve canal, the tendon and its insertion were studied.ResultsMarked variations in the origin, size, and course of the muscle in its bony sulcus were detected. The shape of the sulcus itself and its relation to the facial nerve canal varied also, both mainly influenced by the sinus tympani development. These variations affected the shape and length of the tendon and the pyramidal eminence. In addition, they influenced the site of tendon insertion into the stapes. The presence of ectopic muscle bundles was confirmed in one specimen.ConclusionThe stapedius muscle anatomy can vary significantly from one temporal bone to another. In some situations these variations can be of surgical importance worse enough to be recognized.SignificanceTo add important unrecognized data to the surgical anatomy of the temporal bone.
R438 – Medication Effects on Vestibular Rehabilitation in PTMAD
Authors: Donaldson Chadwick J , Hoffer Michael E , Gottshall Kim R , Healy David Y , Balough Ben J 
Published: August 2008

ProblemDo migraine prophylactic medications effect the vestibular rehabilitation of individuals with Post‐Traumatic Migraine Associated Dizziness (PTMAD)?MethodsTraumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a common cause of neurologic disorders with a reported incidence in the literature between 180 to 500 per 100000. Individuals affected by mild TBI have a diverse range of symptoms that include but are not limited to dizziness, concentration difficulty, migraine headaches, emotional lability, nausea, anosmia, sensitivity to light and sounds. Evidence of post‐traumatic migraine associated dizziness (PTMAD), following mild TBI, have been described and characterized previously by our group. In this retrospective review, we looked at 90 males with blast exposure or blunt head trauma suffered in combat and a diagnosis of PTMAD who were placed on Elavil, Verapamil, or Topamax medications for migraine prophylaxis. These patients, while on these medications, actively participated in a vestibular rehabilitation program over a 6–12 week period of time. We compared those individuals at the completion of their rehabilitation to determine the effectiveness of these specific medications on resolution of symptoms and returning to work. Patients were subjected to specific objective neurovestibular tests which included computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), dynamic visual acuity (DVA), and dynamic gait index (DGI).ResultsComparisons between drug regimens and resolution of symptoms will be discussed.ConclusionAlthough subjectively, physicians have had success in our group on PTMAD, a thorough evaluation of the best medication for this condition and its relationship to expedite recovery has not been characterized. These results will guide selection of migraine prophylactic drug therapy in PTMAD.SignificanceThe significance of our study will help guide the treatment of patients with trauma related migraines and dizziness during their rehabilitation.SupportUnited States Navy.