bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of vestibular autorotation and caloric testing
Authors: Saadat Daryoush , O'Leary Dennis P. , Pulec Jack L. , Kitano Hiroya 
Published: November 2005

The two most common stimuli of the vestibular system for diagnostic purposes are caloric and rotational head movements. Caloric stimulation, by delivering thermal energy to the lateral semicircular canal, is a well‐studied method of vestibular testing, and its clinical usefulness has been established. Vestibular autorotation testing uses high‐frequency (2 to 6 Hz), active head movements to stimulate the horizontal and vertical vestibulo‐ocular reflex to produce measurable eye movements that can be used to calculate gain and phase. We compared the alternate bilateral bithermal caloric results with the vestibular autorotation test results obtained from 39 patients with peripheral vestibular disorders and from 10 patients with acoustic neuroma. In the peripheral disorder group, only 2 of 14 patients with equal caloric response (<20% reduced vestibular response) had a normal vestibular autorotation test result. No patients with a reduced vestibular response greater than 21% had a normal vestibular autorotation test result. In the acoustic neuroma group, four patients had a normal reduced vestibular response, but all patients had an abnormal vestibular autorotation test result. We conclude that testing both the horizontal and vertical vestibulo‐ocular reflexes in their physiologic frequency range with the vestibular autorotation test provides additional information that could be missed by conventional caloric testing. Therefore high‐frequency rotational testing is a valuable addition to the vestibular test battery.
Results of Intraoral Cortical Bone Screw Fixation Technique for Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Gordon Kyle F. , Reed J. Mark , Anand Vinod K. 
Published: November 2005

The intraoral cortical bone screw fixation technique carries many advantages over traditional methods of intermaxillary fixation. Simplicity of the technique, reduction of operative time, and reduction of risk of transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis make this an important technique in the armamentarium of busy facial trauma surgeons. Since 1992, 45 mandibular fractures in 29 patients treated with the intraoral cortical bone screw technique for intermaxillary fixation were retrospectively analyzed. At our institution, this technique has become the workhorse method of repairing most mandiublar fractures and is associated with minimal complications.
Oral Cancer and Mouthwash Use: Evaluation of the Epidemiologic Evidence
Authors: Elmore Joann G. , Horwitz Ralph I. 
Published: November 2005

BACKGROUNDAn association between mouthwash use and cancer of the oropharynx has been the focus of many epidemiologic studies.PURPOSETo critically review the methodology of studies of this association.METHODSStudies were identified through a computerized MEDLINE search of English‐language publications from 1976 to 1994. Eligible studies were independently reviewed, and specific criteria were applied to assess issues in the design, analysis, and results of the studies. Methodologic criteria were used that define a case‐control study of acceptable epidemiologic quality: (1) histologic confirmation of cancer; (2) use of incident cases; (3) population‐based cases; (4) equal exclusions of controls; (5) population‐based controls; (6) exposure to mouthwash use before the cancer diagnosis; and (7) adjustments or restrictions for tobacco, alcohol, or both.RESULTSSeven case‐control studies were identified. The odds ratios for these studies ranged from a protective effect (0.82 for any use of mouthwash) to an elevation in risk (2.5 at the highest exposure). Two studies had significant unadjusted odds ratios for the risk of oral cancer. Of the three studies with data on women adjusted for tobacco and alcohol use, one was statistically significant, and none of the three similar studies in men was significant (although one was close). The five studies with data on female nonsmokers, nondrinkers, or both had odds ratios ranging from 1.1 to 3.16 (only one study was significant at the p = 0.05 level), and the four studies with similar data on men were not significant. Two studies met only two of the methodologic criteria, three studies met three, one met four, and one met all seven.CONCLUSIONSFew of the available studies on mouthwash use and risk of subsequent oropharynx cancer adhere to basic methodologic principles of case‐control design. Neither the data for the overall association nor the analysis in patients without other clinical risk factors support a link between mouthwash use and oral cancer.
Electrocautery Burns and Operator Ignorance
Authors: Zinder Daniel J. , Parker Gregg S. 
Published: November 2005

The surgeon, however, need not be expected to know the full details of the electrothermic principles which are involved, though it behooves him to have some familiarity with them if he is to do more than merely run the machine. One may learn to pilot a motor driven vehicle without necessarily knowing the principles of the internal combustion engine, but it will add to his efficiency in emergencies if he does so.–––Harvey Cushing, 19281Electrocautery is one of the most widely used surgical devices, but injuries occur often and lead to costly litigation. Ignorance is the leading cause of these injuries in the operating theater. Understanding a few simple principles of operation can minimize unnecessary electrocautery injuries to both patients and surgeons.
Radiographic study of bit position within the horse's oral cavity
Authors: Manfredi J , Clayton HM , Rosenstein D 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe objective was to describe and compare the positions of different types of bits within the horse's oral cavity. Eight horses were fitted with a bridle and six bits [jointed snaffle ( JS), Boucher, KK Ultra, Myler snaffle (MylerS), Myler ported barrel (MylerPB), Myler correctional-ported barrel (MylerCPB)]. Lateral radiographs and custom software were used to measure the position and orientation of the bits relative to the horse's palate and second premolar teeth without rein tension and with 25±5 N bilateral rein tension. The results showed differences in the position of the bits within the horse's oral cavity and in their movements in response to rein tension. Without rein tension, single-jointed bits were further from the premolar teeth ( JS 32.2±10.6 mm; Boucher 33.9±10.8 mm) than the Myler bits (MylerS 20.2±9.7 mm; MylerPB 12.8±6.7 mm; MylerCPB 14.6±4.3 mm). Single-jointed bits moved closer to the premolars when tension was applied to the reins (JS 20.8±6.3 mm; Boucher 19.7±6.8 mm). The cannons of the Boucher were more elevated than those of the other bits. The cannon angulation decreased significantly from 38.7±13.7 deg. to 21.6±6.9 deg. for JS and from 43.1±10.1 deg. to 27.8±10.1 deg. for the Boucher when tension was applied to the reins. The Myler bits showed minimal change in position in response to the application of rein tension.
ClaNC: point-and-click software for classifying microarrays to nearest centroids
Authors: Dabney Alan R. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Summary: ClaNC (classification to nearest centroids) is a simple and an accurate method for classifying microarrays. This document introduces a point-and-click interface to the ClaNC methodology. The software is available as an R package.
Availability: ClaNC is freely available from
Contact: adabney@u.washington.edu
Supplementary information:
PRODISTIN Web Site: a tool for the functional classification of proteins from interaction networks
Authors: Baudot Anaïs , Martin David , Mouren Pierre , Chevenet François , Guénoche Alain , Jacq Bernard , Brun Christine 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
Summary: The PRODISTIN Web Site is a web service allowing users to functionally classify genes/proteins from any type of interaction network. The resulting computation provides a classification tree in which (1) genes/proteins are clustered according to the identity of their interaction partners and (2) functional classes are delineated in the tree using the Biological Process Gene Ontology annotations.
Availabitily: The PRODISTIN Web Site is freely accessible at
Contact: brun@ibdm.univ-mrs.fr
Expression of OX40 (CD134) on CD4+ T-cells from patients with myasthenia gravis
Authors: Xiaoyan Zhao , Pirskanen R , Malmstrom V , Lefvert A K 
Published: November 2005

SummaryMyasthenia gravis (MG) is commonly regarded as the prototype of an antibody-mediated, organ-specific autoimmune disease. Antibodies against the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) on the muscle endplate trigger its typical clinical manifestations of weakness and fatiguability. T–B cell interactions are thought to play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of MG. OX40 (CD134), a costimulatory molecule that is expressed on activated CD4+ T-cells, might contribute to the development or pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and graft-versus-host disease. In the present study, we investigated the expression of OX40 on CD4+ T-cells from patients with MG and healthy individuals. Results from 36 MG patients and 28 healthy controls revealed that more freshly isolated CD4+ T-cells from MG patients expressed OX40 than cells from healthy individuals. High levels of antibodies against the AChR, thymic hyperplasia and onset at an early age were associated with elevated expression of OX40. Upon activation by various concentrations of anti-CD3 antibodies, CD4+ T-cells from MG patients showed a tendency toward higher levels of OX40 expression than cells from healthy individuals. Given the role of OX40 in the immune system, we conclude that OX40 might contribute to the development of MG.
Inhibition of classical complement activation attenuates liver ischaemia and reperfusion injury in a rat model
Authors: Heijnen B H M , Straatsburg I H , Padilla N D , Van Mierlo G J , Hack C E , Van Gulik T M 
Published: November 2005

SummaryActivation of the complement system contributes to the pathogenesis of ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. We evaluated inhibition of the classical pathway of complement using C1-inhibitor (C1-inh) in a model of 70% partial liver I/R injury in male Wistar rats (n = 35). C1-inh was administered at 100, 200 or 400 IU/kg bodyweight, 5 min before 60 min ischaemia (pre-I) or 5 min before 24 h reperfusion (end-I). One hundred IU/kg bodyweight significantly reduced the increase of plasma levels of activated C4 as compared to albumin-treated control rats and attenuated the increase of alanine aminotransferase (ALT). These effects were not better with higher doses of C1-inh. Administration of C1-inh pre-I resulted in lower ALT levels and higher bile secretion after 24 h of reperfusion than administration at end-I. Immunohistochemical assessment indicated that activated C3, the membrane attack complex C5b9 and C-reactive protein (CRP) colocalized in hepatocytes within midzonal areas, suggesting CRP is a mediator of I/R-induced, classical complement activation in rats. Pre-ischaemic administration of C1-inh is an effective pharmacological intervention to protect against liver I/R injury.
B cells from aged mice exhibit reduced apoptosis upon B-cell antigen receptor stimulation and differential ability to up-regulate survival signals
Authors: Montes C L , Maletto B A , Rodriguez E V Acosta , Gruppi A , Pistoresi-Palencia M C 
Published: November 2005

SummaryDuring ageing, autoimmune disorders and the higher susceptibility to infectious have been associated with alterations in the humoral immune response. We report that splenic B lymphocytes from aged mice exhibit lower level of apoptosis induced by B-cell antigen receptor (BCR) ligation in vitro. Respect to B cells from young mice the anti-µ stimulated aged B cells show similar Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression but differential kinetic of A1 degradation and a higher level of cFLIP and FAIM. Even though B cells from aged mice show minor Fas expression they exhibit the same susceptibility to anti-Fas induced apoptosis. Aged B cells also present upon BCR stimulation, a higher proliferative response and similar level of activation markers expression than B cells from young mice. These data agree with the observation that aged mice exhibit an increment of T2 and mature B cell subset which rapidly enters cell cycle upon BCR engagement. The diminished apoptosis after activation in aged mice could compromise homeostatic mechanism allowing the persistence of self and non-self antigen specific B cells.
Childhood intelligence in relation to adult coronary heart disease and stroke risk: evidence from a Danish birth cohort study
Authors: Batty G. David , Mortensen Erik L. , Nybo Andersen Anne‐Marie , Osler Merete 
Published: November 2005

SummaryWhile recent studies have reported an inverse relation between childhood intelligence test scores and all‐cause mortality in later life, the link with disease‐specific outcomes has been rarely examined. Furthermore, the potential confounding effect of birthweight and childhood social circumstances is unknown. We investigated the relation of childhood intelligence with coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke risk in a cohort of 6910 men born in 1953 in the Copenhagen area of Denmark. Events were ascertained from 1978 to 2000 using a cause‐of‐death register and hospital discharge records. There were 150 CHD (19 fatal; 131 non‐fatal) and 93 stroke (4 fatal; 89 non‐fatal) events during follow‐up into mid‐life.Childhood intelligence was inversely related to CHD with the highest rate apparent in adults with low childhood test scores (HRlowest vs. highest quartile, 2.70; 95% confidence interval: 1.60, 4.57;Ptrend = 0.0001). After adjustment for paternal social class and birthweight, this association was attenuated only marginally. There was little evidence of a IQ–stroke relationship. The cognitive characteristics captured by IQ testing in the present study, such as communication and problem solving ability, appear to be associated with risk of CHD. Health promotion specialists and clinical practitioners may wish to consider these skills in their interactions with the general public. Replication of these results using studies which hold data on intelligence and socio‐economic position across the life course is required.
A Fuzzy Logic Knowledge-Based Approach for Finite Element Mesh Generation and Analysis
Authors: Kwok W. , Haghighi K. 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
A fuzzy logic knowledge-based approach, FUZZYMESH, for finite element mesh generation and analysis is presented. The proposed approach initiates the adaptive process with a high quality initial mesh that is more refined around the critical points/regions in the problem domain. In order to create high quality initial meshes, the heuristic knowledge, past experience, common sense, and ad hoc methods of finite element specialists are incorporated into the knowledge base of the fuzzy system. Using the linguistic variable concept and approximate reasoning techniques, the fuzzy system makes expert decisions about the initial mesh design by considering the geometric information, as well as the boundary and loading conditions. The decision process includes the determination of priority of critical points/regions and the prediction of mesh sizes for them. According to the mesh size information, a near-optimal initial mesh is created with an automatic mesh generator that is based on the advancing front mesh generation technique. The performance of the proposed approach was measured and evaluated in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The evaluation included comparison between the results of a code based on the proposed fuzzy logic knowledge-based approach, FUZZYMESH, and the conventional approach, which starts the finite element analysis with different meshes, by solving various problems. The global as well as local errors of different solutions were examined and compared. The CPU times for different approaches to achieve a particular accuracy were also measured and compared. The results showed that due to better quality of initial meshes, FUZZYMESH results in lower levels and more accurate error estimates. In turn, the proposed approach is able to solve the problem with a more accurate solution at less cost.
Optimal Boundary Triangulations of an Interpolating Ruled
Surface
Authors: Wang Charlie C. L. , Tang Kai 
Published: November 2005

Abstract
We investigate how to define a triangulated ruled surface interpolating two polygonal directrices that will meet a variety of optimization objectives which originate from many CAD/CAM and geometric modeling applications. This optimal triangulation problem is formulated as a combinatorial search problem whose search space however has the size tightly factorial to the numbers of points on the two directrices. To tackle this bound, we introduce a novel computational tool called multilayer directed graph and establish an equivalence between the optimal triangulation and the single-source shortest path problem on the graph. Well known graph search algorithms such as the Dijkstra’s are then employed to solve the single-source shortest path problem, which effectively solves the optimal triangulation problem in O(mn) time, where n and m are the numbers of vertices on the two directrices respectively. Numerous experimental examples are provided to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed optimal triangulation problem in a variety of engineering applications.
Pragmatic, observational study of bupropion treatment for smoking cessation in general practice
Authors: Wilkes S , Evans A , Henderson M , Gibson J 
Published: November 2005

Abstract

Background
Cigarette smoking remains the single largest cause of premature death in the United Kingdom. As part of the government’s national service framework for coronary heart disease, smoking cessation forms a key part of the strategy.

Objectives
To determine the effectiveness of bupropion treatment for smoking cessation in a general practice setting, measuring continuous abstinence from smoking, from 8 weeks to 52 weeks.

Design
Prospective observational study.

Setting
One general practice (six whole time equivalent doctors, 11 070 patients) in rural Northumberland.

Subjects
Of the 243 patients who presented to the practice over a one year period for smoking cessation, a total of 227 motivated people, who were appropriate for bupropion treatment as a pharmacological aid for smoking cessation, entered the study. Continuous smoking cessation at one year was validated by an exhaled carbon monoxide level of 10 ppm or less.

Results
Fifty patients successfully gave up smoking, giving a one year smoking cessation prevalence with bupropion of 22% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 17% to 28%). There was no difference in success rate for sex, number of cigarettes smoked, the number of years smoking, or whether there were other smokers in the household or not.

Conclusion
Bupropion treatment in this general practice helped 22% of motivated people to quit and remain stopped smoking at one year. Mainly nurses, whose prescribing rights are restricted and currently exclude bupropion, deliver smoking cessation services in primary care.
RANK-BASED METHODS AS A NON-PARAMETRIC ALTERNATIVE OF THE T-STATISTIC FOR THE ANALYSIS OF BIOLOGICAL MICROARRAY DATA
Authors: BREITLING RAINER , HERZYK PAWEL 
Published: November 2005

We have recently introduced a rank-based test statistic, RankProducts (RP), as a new non-parametric method for detecting differentially expressed genes in microarray experiments. It has been shown to generate surprisingly good results with biological datasets. The basis for this performance and the limits of the method are, however, little understood. Here we explore the performance of such rank-based approaches under a variety of conditions using simulated microarray data, and compare it with classical Wilcoxon rank sums and t-statistics, which form the basis of most alternative differential gene expression detection techniques.We show that for realistic simulated microarray datasets, RP is more powerful and accurate for sorting genes by differential expression than t-statistics or Wilcoxon rank sums — in particular for replicate numbers below 10, which are most commonly used in biological experiments.Its relative performance is particularly strong when the data are contaminated by non-normal random noise or when the samples are very inhomogenous, e.g. because they come from different time points or contain a mixture of affected and unaffected cells.However, RP assumes equal measurement variance for all genes and tends to give overly optimistic p-values when this assumption is violated. It is therefore essential that proper variance stabilizing normalization is performed on the data before calculating the RP values. Where this is impossible, another rank-based variant of RP (average ranks) provides a useful alternative with very similar overall performance.The Perl scripts implementing the simulation and evaluation are available upon request. Implementations of the RP method are available for download from the authors website ().
A HYBRID GENETIC ALGORITHM AND EXPECTATION MAXIMIZATION METHOD FOR GLOBAL GENE TRAJECTORY CLUSTERING
Authors: CHAN ZEKE S. H. , KASABOV N. , COLLINS LESLEY 
Published: November 2005

Clustering time-course gene expression data (gene trajectories) is an important step towards solving the complex problem of gene regulatory network modeling and discovery as it significantly reduces the dimensionality of the gene space required for analysis. Traditional clustering methods that perform hill-climbing from randomly initialized cluster centers are prone to produce inconsistent and sub-optimal cluster solutions over different runs. This paper introduces a novel method that hybridizes genetic algorithm (GA) and expectation maximization algorithms (EM) for clustering gene trajectories with the mixtures of multiple linear regression models (MLRs), with the objective of improving the global optimality and consistency of the clustering performance. The proposed method is applied to cluster the human fibroblasts and the yeast time-course gene expression data based on their trajectory similarities. It outperforms the standard EM method significantly in terms of both clustering accuracy and consistency. The biological implications of the improved clustering performance are demonstrated.
Effect of Baking Temperature on Purity of LPE Ga0.47In0.53As
Authors: Amano Toshimasa , Takahei Ken-ichiro , Nagai Haruo 
Published: November 2005

Liquid phase epitaxy (LPE) and the properties of high purity GaInAs layers on (100)InP substrates are reported. Low carrier concentration (3.8–5.4×1014 cm-3) and high electron mobility (47000–51000 cm2/V.s at 77 K) were obtained reproducibly. The influence of source Ga-In-As melt baking temperatures on the epitaxial layer purity was investigated. The results of a photoluminescence study and van der Pauw measurements show that acceptor impurities as well as donor impurities can be excluded from the source solution by a suitable heat treatment.
Accurate Measurements of the Wavelengths and Material Constants of 1.5 µm InGaAsP/InP Lasers
Authors: Ohtsu Motoichi , Tagawa Haruo , Kotani Hiroki 
Published: November 2005

The wavelengths of single longitudinal-mode 1.5 µn InGaAsP/InP lasers were measured at room temperature to an accuracy of 0.9 pm. An accurate wavementer was constructed for this purpose, and it exhibited an accuracy as high as 0.35 pm. The wavelength shifts of the lasers under unit changes in the injection current I and temperature T were derived from the results. By using the values of these wavelength shifts, the value of the temperature coefficient β of the refractive index in the cavity, and that of the thermal resistance R

T
were accurately estimated. The results of these non-destructive measurements are as follows:
(Laser No. 1) 1.03	× 10-4 K-1≦β≦1.07	× 10-4 K-1 and 79.8 K/W≦R

T
≦98.1 K/W (for 290 K≦T≦295 K and 86 mA≦I≦96 mA).
(Laser No. 2) 0.81 × 10-4 K-1≦β≦0.83	×10-4 K-1 and 133 K/W≦R

T
≦136 K/W (for 291 K≦T≦295 K and 70 mA≦I≦80 mA).