bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Separation of mature rat ventral prostate epithelial and fibroblast cells
Authors: Montpetit Michael L. , Tenniswood Martin P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSeveral techniques for the separation of rat ventral prostate cells, using density gradient centrifugation or mechanical means have been published, yielding fibroblast and epithelial cell populations of varying purities and viability. These techniques are often tedious, yield relatively limited numbers of cells, demand considerable technical expertise, and result in the isolation of cells of limited viability. Two techniques for the isolation and establishment of epithelial and fibroblast cell cultures from mature rat ventral prostate are described here. Collagenase/trypsin digestion of the tissue yields a single‐cell suspension of both cell types that are separated on Percoll isopycnic centrifugation gradients. A continuous gradient system allows for the separation of a greater number of cells with very high degrees of purity. A second technique based on a step‐gradient system produces reproducible subfractionation of the epithelial cell component of the prostate within a considerable shorter period of time. An improved medium for plating epithelial and fibroblast cells has also been developed. The separated cells are plated on collagen and/or fibronectin‐coated dishes in a serum‐free plating medium that is later replaced with a serum containing growth medium. The plating medium greatly increases the plating efficiency of the isolated cell types, particularly the epithelial cells.
Rectal palpation and transrectal fine needle aspiration of the prostate in the monitoring of prostate cancer: A study of 59 patients during treatment with estramustine phosphate or estrogens
Authors: Hedlund Per Olov , Das Dilip , Löwhagen Torsten , Esposti Pier 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFifty‐nine hormonally treated prostatic carcinoma patients were prospectively followed by rectal palpation and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) at 6 month intervals for periods ranging from 6 to 120 months (median follow‐up, 48 months). The cytologic impressions and palpatory findings were divided into four categories, respectively, ranging from benign to clearly malignant. Cytologic material and palpatory descriptions suitable for evaluation were available for 306 follow‐up examinations, with a mean number of follow‐up examinations per patient of five (range, 1‐13). Tumor relapse was noted in 26 patients and was diagnosed at the same time by FNAC and palpation in six patients. In 16 of the patients tumor progression was first noted by cytology, and in four patients relapse was first detected by rectal palpation. Different patterns of cytologic and palpatory findings during the development of remission and progression of the tumors and drawbacks of the methods are discussed.
Binding and functional properties of doxazosin in the human prostate adenoma and canine brain
Authors: Lepor Herbert , Baumann Mary , Shapiro Ellen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe binding and functional properties of doxazosin were characterized in the canine brain and human prostate. 3H‐Doxazosin binding sites were characterized in canine brain and human prostate homogenates using saturation experiments. The binding of 3H‐doxazosin in the canine brain was consistently saturable and of high affinity. The mean equilibrium dissociation constant (Kd) and density (Bmax) of 3H‐doxazosin binding sites in the canine brain were 0.19 nM and 2.17 fmol/mg wet wt, respectively. The binding of 3H‐doxazosin in human prostate homogenates was not consistently linear owing to a relatively high proportion of nonspecific doxazosin binding sites. The mean Kd and Bmax of 3H‐doxazosin binding sites in the prostate determined from the saturation experiments yielding linear Scatchard plots were 0.2 nM and 0.51 fmol/mg wet wt. The pharmacology of doxazosin binding sites was further characterized in the canine brain using competitive binding experiments. The rank order of IC50corr values for norepinephrine, clonidine, yohimbine, terazosin, and prazosin indicated that doxazosin binds selectively to alpha1 and alpha2 adrenergic binding sites. The relative affinity of unlabeled doxazosin for alpha1 and alpha2 binding sites in the human prostate was determined by displacing 125I‐Heat or 3H‐rauwolscine with varying concentrations of unlabeled doxazosin. The affinity of doxazosin for alpha1 binding sites in the prostate adenoma was approximately 100‐fold greater than its affinity for alpha2 binding sites. The potency of doxazosin for inhibiting phenylephrineinduced contractions in the prostate indicated that prostate smooth muscle contraction is mediated by alpha1 adrenoceptors.
The prostate: An increasing medical problem
Authors: Ballentine Carter H. , Coffey Donald S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe prostate gland is the major site of medical problems in the U.S. male. Surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia is the most common surgical procedure performed in males, and the total cost for this surgery exceeds 1 billion dollars per year. The incidence of and mortality from prostate cancer are increasing yearly. Prostate cancer now exceeds lung cancer as the most commonly diagnosed cancer in males and is the second leading cause of male cancer deaths. Of all tumors, the prevalence of prostate cancer increases the most rapidly with age. A shift in age distribution favoring an older population will lead to an increase in the number of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer in the United States. It is estimated that by the year 2000 there will be a 37% increase in prostate cancer deaths per year and a 90% increase in prostate cancer cases per year. Although the factors responsible for the development and progression of prostate cancer to a clinically manifest form are not known, there is evidence that environmental factors may play a role. It will be important for the future to focus on the etiological factors that may lead to a decrease in the prevalence of prostatic tumors.
Effects of intravenous infusion of human prostate tissue substances in dogs
Authors: O'Donnell Pat D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSymptoms of postresection syndromes following transurethral prostatectomy have been associated with a transient increase in serum acid phosphatase due to intraoperative absorption of prostate tissue substances. Factors associated with postoperative syndromes include intraoperative absorption of irrigant solution, intraoperative blood loss, and introperative absorption of prostate tissue substance. An animal model was used in this study to determine the isolated physiologic effects of intravenous infusion of a saline prostate tissue extract using an infusion schedule comparable to that of transurethral prostate resection. Twenty‐four animals received either normal saline infusion (control) or saline prostate tissue extract infusion (experimental). The experimental group showed a significant decrease in fibrinogen, platelet count, white blood count, activated clotting time, and plasma volume. These results suggest that the isolated effects of intravascular absorption of prostate tissue substances are due to disseminated intravascular coagulation, most likely resulting from tissue thromboplastin and activation of plasminogen.
Primary explant culture of human prostate tissue: A model for the study of prostate physiology and pathology
Authors: Merchant Donald J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn explant of human prostate tissue containing viable acini will give rise in vitro to an outgrowth of epithelial cells of presumed basal cell origin. These cells can be passaged by trypsinization, undergo numerous population doublings (up to 50–60), and attempt a normal pattern of differentiation, which may succeed, to varying degrees, depending on conditions of culture. The system can serve as a useful model for analysis of the role of hormones, growth factors, cytoskeletal elements, cell‐cell interactions, and of the basement membrane both in normal physiology and in pathology of the prostate. The system also should prove useful in the evaluation of the possible roles of chemical carcinogens, radiation, and viral or cellular oncogenes in carcinogenesis. Moreover, the model system should be useful in the evaluation of chemical, physical, or biological agents for treatment or prevention of prostate cancers.
Changes in tumor characteristics during progression of the R3327 HI experimental prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Mobbs B. G. , Johnson I. E. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe R3327 HI experimental prostatic carcinoma was serially transplanted through six generations of castrated host rats to examine changes in the capacity to synthesize progesterone receptor (PgR) in response to diethylstilbestrol (DES) stimulation during progression from a well‐differentiated state containing a significant stromal component to a poorly differentiated state with virtually no stroma. During progression, changes in growth rate and histopathology occurred in stepwise fashion, the most marked changes being observed between the first and second and between the fourth and fifth generations. The capacity for PgR synthesis in response to DES treatment fell progressively, but did not reach statistical significance during the first four generations. By the sixth generation, the stromal component had virtually disappeared, and no estrogen receptor (ER) or PgR was detectable. During the course of the investigation, a monoclonal antibody that reacts with rat PgR became available, and immunohistochemistry with this antibody confirmed that DES‐induced PgR was present in stromal cells. We conclude that this work supports the hypothesis that prostatic stroma is a target tissue for estrogen and that this model may be useful for the investigation of other events associated with progression.
Further studies on the synthesis and secretion of inhibin‐like material by rat ventral prostate explants in vitro
Authors: Kharbanda Kusum , Duraiswami S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo authenticate further the testicular androgen independent status of synthesis and secretion of inhibin‐like material by the rat ventral prostate, explants of this organ were maintained for a period of 6 days in vitro, altering the kind of medium used for culture. The various spent media had significant inhibin‐like activity despite the absence of sera supplement in some cases.
Expression of endogenous receptors for neoglycoproteins in dunning R3327 rat prostatic carcinoma
Authors: Sinowatz F. , Gabius H.‐J. , Hellmann K. P. , Amselgruber W. , Schneider M. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAn important animal model for human prostatic adenocarcinoma is the Dunning R3327 rat carcinoma. In the present study this tumor was further characterized by analyzing the expression of endogenous sugar‐binding proteins using glycohistochemistry and immuno‐cytochemistry as well as affinity chromatography and gel electrophoresis. Our glycohis‐tochemical and glycobiochemical results provide evidence for the presence of specific receptors for various carbohydrate moieties. Remarkably, basal cells of the Dunning tumor contain an endogenous lectin with specificity for β‐galactosides that is not found in basal cells of the normal rat prostate. This finding was corroborated using polyclonal antibodies against an immunologically related β‐galactoside‐specific lectin from bovine heart. Basal cells of prostatic carcinoma may therefore behave different from normal basal cells. This difference could have a significant impact on the development of prostatic cancer.
Epidemiologic evidence regarding predisposing factors to prostate cancer
Authors: Carter Bob S. , Ballantine Carter H. , Isaacs John T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn 1990, prostate cancer will be the most common cancer diagnosed in U.S. men and will be the second‐leading cause of cancer mortality in these men. One in ten U.S. men will develop prostate cancer in his lifetime. Twenty thousand prostate cancer cases occur each year in men under the age of 65. The average number of years of life lost for a man dying of prostate cancer is nine. In addition, both incidence and mortality of prostate cancer are increasing. A review of the literature regarding prostate cancer is timely in light of recent studies examining possible predisposing factors for this disease. In this review, a framework for understanding genetic and environmental factors which may predispose to prostate cancer is presented. The identification of factors which predispose to clinical prostate cancer offers the possibility of lowering the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the United States. Epidemiologic evidence regarding possible predisposing factors to prostate cancer is reviewed.
Prostate cancer occurring in identical twins: A case report
Authors: Spaas Philippe G. , Bagshaw Malcolm A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProstatic cancer, which is an age‐associated and androgen‐dependent cancer, is the most common malignancy in males in the United States. Although the etiologic factors in prostate cancer are not clear, increased male sexual activity on a hormonal basis [1], a viral‐venereal connection [2], and air pollution [3] have been hypothesized. Genetic factors are suggested by racial variation [4] and by familial incidence of prostate cancer; however, with family studies alone, it is not possible to decide if it is genetically determined or if it is due to a greater than average similarity in environment. For cancer in general, the study of concordance rates among populations of twins has failed to establish a precise role for inheritance, but more detailed study of individual types of tumors in twins may reveal a genetic connection [5]. The following report describes the second recorded monozygotic twin set concordant for prostate cancer.
Antitumoral effects of R 75251 on the growth of transplantable R3327 prostatic adenocarcinoma in rats
Authors: Van Ginckel R. , De Coster R. , Wouters W. , Vanherck W. , Van Veer R. Der , Goeminne N. , Jagers E. , Van Cauteren H. , Wouters L. , Distelmans W. , Janssen P. A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe antitumoral activity of a novel imidazole derivative, R 75251, has been studied in the androgen‐dependent R3327G Dunning prostate adenocarcinoma grafted subcutaneously in syngeneic rats. Dietary application resulting approximately in dose levels of 80, 120, and 160 mg/kg reduced tumor weight by 66, 81, and 79%, respectively. This effect was not significantly different from that measured after castration (‐ 82%). In intact animals, however, serum testosterone levels were almost not affected by R 75 251 treatment while LH levels rose two‐ to threefold. In castrated rats a tenfold increase in LH was observed. Moreover, prostate and seminal vesicles weights decreased much less after R 75 251 treatment than after castration. In castrated animals, treatment with R 75 251 induced a slight, non‐significant reduction in tumor weight (‐ 36%) compared with castration alone.In castrated animals, tumor growth was restored by exogenous administration of testosterone. In such animals R 75 251 also significantly reduced tumor weight by 57%.Similar results were obtained with Dunning R3327G prostate adenocarcinoma grafted beneath the renal capsule in male syngeneic rats receiving twice daily orally by gavage a dose of 80 mg/kg of R 75 251.These data suggest that R 75 251 exerts an antitumoral effect independent of its inhibition of androgen biosynthesis.
Prolactin directly stimulates citrate production and mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase of prostate epithelial cells
Authors: Franklin R. B. , Costello L. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractProlactin, in vitro, significantly increased citrate production, mAAT (mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase) and pmAAT (precursor form of mAAT) activity of prostate epithelial cells derived from rat lateral prostate (LP) and pig prostate cultures. In contrast, prolactin had no effect on the cytosolic isozyme, cAAT. This prolactin effect appeared to be independent of testosterone. The phorbol ester TPA (12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate) induced the same effects as prolactin thereby indicating the involvement of protein kinase C. This report demonstrates that prolactin directly regulates citrate production of prostate epithelial cells and the availability of an in vitro model to elucidate the mechanism of action of prolactin.
Species‐ and organ‐specificity of secretory proteins derived from human prostate and seminal vesicles
Authors: Aumüller G. , Seitz J. , Lilja H. , Abrahamsson P.‐A. , Von Kammer H. Der , Scheit K.‐H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPolyclonal antibodies against semenogelin (SG) isolated from human seminal vesicle secretion and acid phosphatase (PAP), β‐microseminoprotein (β‐MSP), and Prostate‐Specific Antigen (PSA) derived from human prostatic fluid, as well as a monoclonal antibody against β‐MSP were used for immunocytochemical detection of the respective antigens in different organs from different species. SG immunoreactivity was detected in the epithelium of the pubertal and adult human and in monkey seminal vesicle, ampulla of the vas deferens, and ejaculatory duct. PAP, β‐MSP, and PSA immunoreactivities were detected in the pubertal and adult human prostate and the cranial and caudal monkey prostate. With the exception of a weak PSA immunoreactivity in the proximal portions of the ejaculatory duct, none of the latter antisera reacted with seminal vesicle, ampullary, and ejaculatory duct epithelium. Among the non‐primate species studied (dog, bull, rat, guinea pig) only the canine prostatic epithelium displayed a definite immunoreactivity with the PAP antibody and a moderate reaction with the PSA antibody. No immunoreaction was seen in bull and rat seminal vesicle and canine ampulla of the vas deferens with the SG antibody. The same was true for the (ventral) prostate of rat, bull, and dog for β‐MSP. The epithelium of the rat dorsal prostate showed a slight cross‐reactivity with the monoclonal antibody against β‐MSP and one polyclonal antibody against PSA. The findings indicate a rather strict species‐dependent expression of human seminal proteins which show some similarities in primates, but only marginal relationship to species with different physiology of seminal fluid.
Fine needle aspiration biopsy of the prostate gland: Our experience concerning 101 cases with histological follow‐up
Authors: Polito M. , Alberti R. , Muzzonigro G. , Baldi A. , Diambrini M. , Vecchi A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOur experience concerning 605 fine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsies performed between 1985 and 1988 is reported.FNA specimens of the prostate gland were compared to histological material in 101 cases: 37 patients underwent suprapubic prostatectomy, 15 radical prostatectomy, 28 transurethral resection, and 21 core needle biopsies.Adenocarcinoma was correctly diagnosed by using cytology in 39 out of 40 cases; benign prostatic hypertrophy was confirmed by histology in 54 out of 57 cytologically benign cases.The absolute sensitivity of the FNA biopsy was 98.2%; specificity was 98.1%; efficiency was 96%; and false negative rate was 6.6%.Our data support the value of transrectal aspiration biopsy as a precise and easy method for diagnosing prostatic cancer; the low false negative rate and the high number of correct diagnoses underline the great accuracy of the method.
Anti‐androgenic effects of Win 49,596 on development of the neonatal mouse bulbourethral gland in culture
Authors: Cooke Paul S. , Reicherts Michael R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effects of the anti‐androgen Win 49,596, a steroidal androgen receptor antagonist, on the testosterone (T) dependent development of neonatal mouse bulbourethral glands (BUGs) were examined in vitro. Day of birth (day 0) BUGs were grown in organ culture for 6 days in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium:Ham's F‐12 media (1:1, volume/volume) with 10% fetal calf serum. Cultures were grown with or without T (10 nM) and various concentrations of Win 49,596 (0–57.6 μm). The DNA content of BUGs grown with T alone increased 4‐fold over the culture period and the epithelium grew and branched extensively; without T only minimal growth and epithelial morphogenesis occurred. In the presence of T, Win 49,596 inhibited development in a dose‐dependent manner, with an ED50 of 0.8 μM; concentrations at or above 3.6 μM produced maximal inhibition of development. Win 49,596 alone at 14.4 μM did not stimulate BUG growth, demonstrating a lack of agonist activity. BUGs grown for 3 days with Win 49,596 and T, then an additional 6 days with only T, did not resume development. In summary, Win 49,596 produced a dose‐dependent suppression of BUG development in vitro, and was not androgenic. Additionally, the inhibitory effects of Win 49,596 persist for at least 6 days following cessation of treatment.
Epidemiology of prostatic cancer: A case‐control study
Authors: Fincham Shirley M. , Hill Gerry B. , Hanson John , Wijayasinghe Chandrani 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA population‐based case‐control study of prostatic cancer in Alberta was undertaken to determine the risk factors associated with the disease. Cases were 382 newly diagnosed prostatic cancer patients and 625 controls, group‐matched to the anticipated age distribution of the cases, chosen at random from the health insurance roster. Subjects were interviewed in their homes by using a pre‐tested questionnaire including questions related to ethnic group, education, puberty, marital history, family history, residence, water supply, smoking, and diet.Factors significantly related to the risk of developing prostatic cancer included ethnic group (British high, Ukrainian low), education (elementary high, university low), age at first marriage (early high, late low), family history (high risk for those with relatives with prostatic cancer), and increased masculinity among the children of cases.The results with respect to smoking, occupation, medical history, birthplace, residence, water supply, and diet were generally negative.
Experimental prostatitis in nonhuman primates: I. Bacterial adherence in the urethra
Authors: Dilworth J. Patrick , Neal Durwood E. , Fussell Everett N. , Roberts James A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBoth man and monkey possess urothelial (transitional cell) receptors for P‐fimbriae of Escherichia coli; however, the male urethra has pseudostratified columnar cells. We studied adherence using scanning electron microscopy and found that P‐fimbriae were the principal mediators of adherence to these cells as well. The monkey, therefore, should be a good model for the study of the ascending route of infection in prostatitis, the route thought to occur in man.
Dunning rat prostate tumors and cultured cell lines fail to express human prostate carcinoma‐associated antigens
Authors: Newhall Kathleen R. , Isaacs John T. , Wright George L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine if human prostate carcinoma‐associated tumor markers were expressed by Dunning rat prostate carcinomas. Frozen and formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues from 12 different sublines of Dunning tumors were evaluated for marker expression by immunoperoxidase staining by using a panel of 9 monoclonal antibodies, including antibodies against human PAP and PSA. None of the Dunning tumors were found to express any of the human prostate tumor markers. Both fixed and live immunofluorescent assays were performed on 5 cultured Dunning tumor cell lines, evaluated either as single cells or as monolayers. As with the Dunning tumor tissues, none of the cell cultures expressed any of the 9 human prostate tumor markers. The lack of antigen expression by the Dunning tumor tissues and cell lines suggests that these human prostate tumor markers are quite species specific. These results limit the use of the Dunning prostate tumors as models to explore the preclinical application of these human prostate carcinoma‐associated monoclonal antibodies and their target antigens.