bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes’ determinants: an Italian retrospective cohort study based on Lombardia CARe
Authors: Sgueglia Alice Clara , Gentile Leandro , Bertuccio Paola , Gaeta Maddalena , Zeduri Margherita , Girardi Daniela , Primi Roberto , Currao Alessia , Bendotti Sara , Marconi Gianluca , Sechi Giuseppe Maria , Savastano Simone , Odone Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study on the Lombardia Cardiac Arrest Registry (Lombardia CARe,) the most complete nationwide out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) registry in Italy, aims at evaluating post-OHCA intra-hospital mortality risk according to patient’s characteristics and emergency health service management (EMS), including level of care of first-admission hospital. Out of 12,581 patients included from 2015 to 2022, we considered 1382 OHCA patients admitted alive to hospital and survived more than 24 h. We estimated risk ratios (RRs) of intra-hospital mortality through log-binomial regression models adjusted by patients’ and EMS characteristics. The study population consisted mainly of males (66.6%) most aged 60–69 years (24.7%) and 70–79 years (23.7%). Presenting rhythm was non-shockable in 49.9% of patients, EMS intervention time was less than 10 min for 30.3% of patients, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed for less than 15 min in 29.9%. Moreover, 61.6% of subjects (n = 852) died during hospital admission. Intra-hospital mortality is associated with non-shockable presenting rhythm (RR 1.27, 95% CI 1.19–1.35) and longer CPR time (RR 1.39, 95% CI 1.28–1.52 for 45 min or more). Patients who accessed to a secondary vs tertiary care hospital were more frequently older, with a non-shockable presenting rhythm and longer EMS intervention time. Non-shockable presenting rhythm accounts for 27% increased risk of intra-hospital death in OHCA patients, independently of first-access hospital level, thus demonstrating that patients’ outcomes depend only by intrinsic OHCA characteristics and Health System’s resources are utilised as efficiently as possible.
An Update on the Management of Bone Metastases
Authors: Grosinger Alexander J. , Alcorn Sara R. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Increasing life expectancy among patients with advanced cancer has placed a greater emphasis on optimizing pain control and quality of life. Concurrently, significant advancements in radiotherapy for bone metastases have permitted for dose escalation strategies such as stereotactic radiotherapy. This review aims to provide updated information on the management of bone metastases in light of these developments.

Recent Findings
We reviewed recent studies regarding the role and details of external beam radiotherapy for bone metastases, with emphasis on differences by treatment site as well as intention (palliative versus ablative for oligometastases). Conventional palliative radiotherapy remains a mainstay of management. While stereotactic radiotherapy may augment durability of pain relief and even survival time, there are significant questions remaining regarding optimal dosing and patient selection.

Summary
Radiotherapy for bone metastases continues to evolve, particularly with increasing use of stereotactic radiotherapy. Future studies are needed to clarify optimal dose, fractionation, modality, and patient selection criteria among different radiotherapy approaches.
Manual on the proper use of the 211At-labeled PSMA ligand ([211At]PSMA-5) for clinical trials of targeted alpha therapy (1st edition)
Authors: Watabe Tadashi , Namba Masao , Yanagida Sachiko , Nakamura Yoshihide , Yamada Takahiro , Tatsuno Saori , Ri Aritoshi , Yoshida Shuhei , Uyama Kumiko , Kinuya Seigo , Tomiyama Noriyuki , Hosono Makoto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecently, an astatine-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand ([211At]PSMA-5) has been developed for the targeted alpha therapy of patients with prostate cancer. This manual delineates its physicochemical characteristics to assist healthcare professionals in understanding the α-ray-emitting drug of [211At]PSMA-5 when administered to patients. The safety considerations regarding the handling and use of this drug in clinical trials are outlined, based on the proper usage manual of previous studies. The dose limits, as defined by the guidelines of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), are assessed for patients’ caregivers and the general public. According to the calculations provided in this manual, clinical trials involving [211At]PSMA-5 can be safely conducted for these populations even if patients are released after its administration. Moreover, this manual provides comprehensive guidance on the handling of [211At]PSMA-5 for healthcare facilities, and compiles a list of precautionary measures to be distributed among patients and their caregivers. While this manual was created by a research team supported by Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare in Japan and approved by Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine, its applicability extends to healthcare providers in other countries. This manual aims to facilitate conducting clinical trials using [211At]PSMA-5 in patients with prostate cancer.
Unveiling urban governance diversity: Clustering cities based on mitigation actions
Authors: Mokhles Sombol , Davidson Kathryn , Acuto Michele 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEmbracing a “more global” urban comparison in scientific assessments of climate actions by cities is essential to drive greater and more inclusive participation in global efforts to curb climate change. This comparison needs to engage cities irrespective of their size and status: when we do so, distinctive patterns of urban climate mitigation actions across a diverse range of cities emerge. Employing K-means clustering as a pattern recognition method, this study compares cities based on selected aspects of their reported mitigation actions to the Carbon Disclosure Project. It explores whether the identified clusters facilitate the comparison of a socio-spatially diverse range of cities. The study identifies five clusters within two themes, namely the nature and finance–implementation of actions, shedding light on shared and distinct governance aspects of mitigation actions by cities. Notably, the study underscores how governance patterns transcend city size and global status. These findings offer valuable insights for broadening the comparative imagination of cities and inter-city networking opportunities.
Synthesis and Modulation of Low-Dimensional Transition Metal Chalcogenide Materials via Atomic Substitution
Authors: Wang Xuan , Chen Akang , Wu XinLei , Zhang Jiatao , Dong Jichen , Zhang Leining 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn recent years, low-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide (TMC) materials have garnered growing research attention due to their superior electronic, optical, and catalytic properties compared to their bulk counterparts. The controllable synthesis and manipulation of these materials are crucial for tailoring their properties and unlocking their full potential in various applications. In this context, the atomic substitution method has emerged as a favorable approach. It involves the replacement of specific atoms within TMC structures with other elements and possesses the capability to regulate the compositions finely, crystal structures, and inherent properties of the resulting materials. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview on various strategies of atomic substitution employed in the synthesis of zero-dimensional, one-dimensional and two-dimensional TMC materials. The effects of substituting elements, substitution ratios, and substitution positions on the structures and morphologies of resulting material are discussed. The enhanced electrocatalytic performance and photovoltaic properties of the obtained materials are also provided, emphasizing the role of atomic substitution in achieving these advancements. Finally, challenges and future prospects in the field of atomic substitution for fabricating low-dimensional TMC materials are summarized.
Schwerpunkt: Zustand und Zukunft von Verfassung und Rechtsstaat
Authors: Schäfer Karsten 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungVerfassungen unterliegen einem steten Wandel. Dieser ist auch gewollt und erforderlich, soll eine Verfassung auf Dauer Bestand haben. Insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund der mannigfaltigen Herausforderungen, mit denen sich Verfassung und Rechtsstaat gegenwärtig konfrontiert sehen, sind Anpassungsfähigkeit und Robustheit zwingend erforderliche Attribute. Der vorliegende ZPol-Focus geht der Frage nach, wie es um den aktuellen Zustand, aber auch um die Zukunft von Verfassung und Rechtsstaat in Deutschland sowie international bestellt ist.
A Tempered Rationalism for a Tempered Yuck Factor—Using Disgust in Bioethics
Authors: Eckl Konstantin , Deininger Konstantin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhen it comes to invasive manipulation of animals on the biological level, reactions of disgust are common and often influential on people’s moral judgments. As a case in point, the Belgian Blue, a breed of hyper-enhanced cattle which will serve as a case study for the present article, has historically been met with revulsion. Traditionally, in bio- and animal ethics, this ‘yuck factor,’ has been denied any productive role in proper moral justification, since rationalism is still a dominant paradigm in those disciplines. This is not surprising since rationalism offers the fulfilment of certain expectations we have of morality, like universality, intersubjective communicability, and objectivity. Increasingly, however, the preconceptions of rationalism have been brought into question, both through empirical as well as philosophical insights. In this paper, we will explore a way in which researchers who are, accordingly, critical of rationalism, and who wish to take seriously the role disgust plays in the formation of moral judgments when it comes to biological manipulation of animals, can do so without abandoning those virtues of rationalism which make it such an appealing position. We will do so by offering what we call a ‘tempered’ kind of rationalism, that is, one which conceives of rationality in the terms of Mary Midgley, not as distinct from, but as a possible function of, well-ordered emotion.
Are Judges on Per Curiam Courts Ideological? Evidence from the European Court of Justice
Authors: Cheruvu Sivaram 
Published: March 2024

AbstractInstitutional designers of judiciaries often want to provide the appearance of impartiality. As a result, many collegial courts issue per curiam rulings in which judges’ votes are not public. An extensive scholarship, however, provides evidence that ideology and mechanisms of retention affect judicial decision-making. Do per curiam rulings actively mitigate or provide cover for ideological and career-oriented judicial decision-making? I argue that – when serving as the rapporteur (opinion-writer) – a judge on a civil law per curiam court can steer their panel towards the outcome their appointer prefers. When their appointing government turns over, nonetheless, a judge is not compelled to change their decision-making to be in line with their new government, as per curiam rulings protect them from retaliation. An analysis of decisions at the Court of Justice of the European Union provides evidence for this account.
Characterizing the Atmospheric Mn Cycle and Its Impact on Terrestrial Biogeochemistry
Authors: Lu Louis , Li Longlei , Rathod Sagar , Hess Peter , Martínez Carmen , Fernandez Nicole , Goodale Christine , Thies Janice , Wong Michelle Y. , Alaimo Maria Grazia , Artaxo Paulo , Barraza Francisco , Barreto Africa , Beddows David , Chellam Shankarararman , Chen Ying , Chuang Patrick , Cohen David D. , Dongarrà Gaetano , Gaston Cassandra , Gómez Darío , Morera‐Gómez Yasser , Hakola Hannele , Hand Jenny , Harrison Roy , Hopke Philip , Hueglin Christoph , Kuang Yuan‐Wen , Kyllönen Katriina , Lambert Fabrice , Maenhaut Willy , Martin Randall , Paytan Adina , Prospero Joseph , González Yenny , Rodriguez Sergio , Smichowski Patricia , Varrica Daniela , Walsh Brenna , Weagle Crystal , Xiao Yi‐Hua , Mahowald Natalie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe role of manganese (Mn) in ecosystem carbon (C) biogeochemical cycling is gaining increasing attention. While soil Mn is mainly derived from bedrock, atmospheric deposition could be a major source of Mn to surface soils, with implications for soil C cycling. However, quantification of the atmospheric Mn cycle, which comprises emissions from natural (desert dust, sea salts, volcanoes, primary biogenic particles, and wildfires) and anthropogenic sources (e.g., industrialization and land‐use change due to agriculture), transport, and deposition, remains uncertain. Here, we use compiled emission data sets for each identified source to model and quantify the atmospheric Mn cycle by combining an atmospheric model and in situ atmospheric concentration measurements. We estimated global emissions of atmospheric Mn in aerosols (<10 μm in aerodynamic diameter) to be 1,400 Gg Mn year−1. Approximately 31% of the emissions come from anthropogenic sources. Deposition of the anthropogenic Mn shortened Mn “pseudo” turnover times in 1‐m‐thick surface soils (ranging from 1,000 to over 10,000,000 years) by 1–2 orders of magnitude in industrialized regions. Such anthropogenic Mn inputs boosted the Mn‐to‐N ratio of the atmospheric deposition in non‐desert dominated regions (between 5 × 10−5 and 0.02) across industrialized areas, but that was still lower than soil Mn‐to‐N ratio by 1–3 orders of magnitude. Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between Mn deposition and topsoil C density across temperate and (sub)tropical forests, consisting with atmospheric Mn deposition enhancing carbon respiration as seen in in situ biogeochemical studies.
Canopy Heterogeneity and Environmental Variability Drive Annual Budgets of Net Ecosystem Carbon Exchange in a Tidal Marsh
Authors: Hawman P. A. , Cotten D. L. , Mishra D. R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTidal salt marshes are important ecosystems in the global carbon cycle. Understanding their net carbon exchange with the atmosphere is required to accurately estimate their net ecosystem carbon budget (NECB). In this study, we present the interannual net ecosystem exchange (NEE) of CO2 derived from eddy covariance (EC) for a Spartina alterniflora salt marsh. We found interannual NEE could vary up to 3‐fold and range from −58.5 ± 11.3 to −222.9 ± 12.4 g C m−2 year−1 in 2016 and 2020, respectively. Further, we found that atmospheric CO2 fluxes were spatially dependent and varied across short distances. High biomass regions along tidal creek and estuary edges had up to 2‐fold higher annual NEE than lower biomass marsh interiors. In addition to the spatial variation of NEE, regions of the marsh represented by distinct canopy zonation responded to environmental drivers differently. Low elevation edges (with taller canopies) had a higher correlation with river discharge (R2 = 0.61), the main freshwater input into the system, while marsh interiors (with short canopies) were better correlated with in situ precipitation (R2 = 0.53). Lastly, we extrapolated interannual NEE to the wider marsh system, demonstrating the potential underestimation of annual NEE when not considering spatially explicit rates of NEE. Our work provides a basis for further research to understand the temporal and spatial dynamics of productivity in coastal wetlands, ecosystems which are at the forefront of experiencing climate change induced variability in precipitation, temperature, and sea level rise that have the potential to alter ecosystem productivity.
Establishing a Psychosocial Screening Program in a High-Volume Pediatric Epilepsy Clinic Using the PedsQL—Epilepsy Module
Authors: Bernat D. J. , McNally Kelly , Ostendorf Adam P. , Wojnaroski Mary , Hamner Taralee , Stephan Catherine T. , Cass Jennifer 
Published: March 2024

Objective: Children and adolescents with epilepsy are at increased risk for a number of comorbidities which can affect their health-related quality of life. We aimed to leverage data collected through widespread, automated distribution of the PedsQL—epilepsy module ( Modi et al., 2017 ) to patient caregivers in order to assess the feasibility of using the PedsQL to create a formalized psychosocial screening program. Method: Our team utilized quality improvement methodology to establish a clinic workflow and trial a psychosocial screening program based on targeting specific domains of the PedsQL—epilepsy module using existing cutoff scores. Results: In our sample, 58% ( n = 67) of patients screened positive on one or more of the three targets PedsQL—epilepsy module domains based on parent reports. Approximately 40% of those were seen for a consult ( n = 26). Consults most often involved psychoeducation related to the special education process or brief intervention for managing behavioral or mood concerns (76.9% of children who screened positive, n = 20). Conclusion: The existing PedsQL—epilepsy module cutoff scores demonstrated utility in targeting patients for intervention in our high-volume multidisciplinary pediatric epilepsy clinic. Implications for Impact Statement This article demonstrates the feasibility of using the PedsQL—epilepsy module in order to screen for psychosocial concerns in a busy pediatric epilepsy clinic. Valuable details including the process for developing and refining the screening process are also included.
Periodontitis exacerbates pulmonary hypertension by promoting IFNγ+ T cell infiltration in mice
Authors: Meng Xiaoqian , Du Linjuan , Xu Shuo , Zhou Lujun , Chen Boyan , Li Yulin , Chen Chumao , Ye Huilin , Zhang Jun , Tian Guocai , Bai Xuebing , Dong Ting , Lin Wenzhen , Sun Mengjun , Zhou Kecong , Liu Yan , Zhang Wuchang , Duan Shengzhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUncovering the risk factors of pulmonary hypertension and its mechanisms is crucial for the prevention and treatment of the disease. In the current study, we showed that experimental periodontitis, which was established by ligation of molars followed by orally smearing subgingival plaques from patients with periodontitis, exacerbated hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice. Mechanistically, periodontitis dysregulated the pulmonary microbiota by promoting ectopic colonization and enrichment of oral bacteria in the lungs, contributing to pulmonary infiltration of interferon gamma positive (IFNγ+) T cells and aggravating the progression of pulmonary hypertension. In addition, we identified Prevotella zoogleoformans as the critical periodontitis-associated bacterium driving the exacerbation of pulmonary hypertension by periodontitis, and the exacerbation was potently ameliorated by both cervical lymph node excision and IFNγ neutralizing antibodies. Our study suggests a proof of concept that the combined prevention and treatment of periodontitis and pulmonary hypertension are necessary.
Song lyrics have become simpler and more repetitive over the last five decades
Authors: Parada-Cabaleiro Emilia , Mayerl Maximilian , Brandl Stefan , Skowron Marcin , Schedl Markus , Lex Elisabeth , Zangerle Eva 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMusic is ubiquitous in our everyday lives, and lyrics play an integral role when we listen to music. The complex relationships between lyrical content, its temporal evolution over the last decades, and genre-specific variations, however, are yet to be fully understood. In this work, we investigate the dynamics of English lyrics of Western, popular music over five decades and five genres, using a wide set of lyrics descriptors, including lyrical complexity, structure, emotion, and popularity. We find that pop music lyrics have become simpler and easier to comprehend over time: not only does the lexical complexity of lyrics decrease (for instance, captured by vocabulary richness or readability of lyrics), but we also observe that the structural complexity (for instance, the repetitiveness of lyrics) has decreased. In addition, we confirm previous analyses showing that the emotion described by lyrics has become more negative and that lyrics have become more personal over the last five decades. Finally, a comparison of lyrics view counts and listening counts shows that when it comes to the listeners’ interest in lyrics, for instance, rock fans mostly enjoy lyrics from older songs; country fans are more interested in new songs’ lyrics.
Gut microbiota profile in CDKL5 deficiency disorder patients
Authors: Borghi Elisa , Xynomilakis Ornella , Ottaviano Emerenziana , Ceccarani Camilla , Viganò Ilaria , Tognini Paola , Vignoli Aglaia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCDKL5 deficiency disorder (CDD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by global developmental delay, early-onset seizures, intellectual disability, visual and motor impairments. Unlike Rett Syndrome (RTT), CDD lacks a clear regression period. Patients with CDD frequently encounter gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances and exhibit signs of subclinical immune dysregulation. However, the underlying causes of these conditions remain elusive. Emerging studies indicate a potential connection between neurological disorders and gut microbiota, an area completely unexplored in CDD. We conducted a pioneering study, analyzing fecal microbiota composition in individuals with CDD (n = 17) and their healthy relatives (n = 17). Notably, differences in intestinal bacterial diversity and composition were identified in CDD patients. In particular, at genus level, CDD microbial communities were characterized by an increase in the relative abundance of Clostridium_AQ, Eggerthella, Streptococcus, and Erysipelatoclostridium, and by a decrease in Eubacterium, Dorea, Odoribacter, Intestinomonas, and Gemmiger, pointing toward a dysbiotic profile. We further investigated microbiota changes based on the severity of GI issues, seizure frequency, sleep disorders, food intake type, impairment in neuro-behavioral features and ambulation capacity. Enrichment in Lachnoclostridium and Enterobacteriaceae was observed in the microbiota of patients with more severe GI symptoms, while Clostridiaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae, Coriobacteriaceae, Erysipelotrichaceae, Christensenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae were enriched in patients experiencing daily epileptic seizures. Our findings suggest a potential connection between CDD, microbiota and symptom severity. This study marks the first exploration of the gut-microbiota-brain axis in subjects with CDD. It adds to the growing body of research emphasizing the role of the gut microbiota in neurodevelopmental disorders and opens doors to potential interventions that target intestinal microbes with the aim of improving the lives of patients with CDD.