bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Heart Rate‐Lowering Agent Ivabradine Inhibits the Pacemaker Current Ifin Human Atrial Myocytes
Authors: EL CHEMALY ANTOUN , MAGAUD CHRISTOPHE , PATRI SYLVIE , JAYLE CHRISTOPHE , GUINAMARD ROMAIN , BOIS PATRICK 
Published: September 2007

Introduction:It has been speculated that pacemaker current (If) in human atria could play a role in causing ectopic atrial automaticity. Ivabradine is a novel selective and specific Ifinhibitor in the sinus node that reduces heart rate without any negative inotropic effect. The aim of the study was to explore possible effects of ivabradine on Ifin atrial myocytes.Methods and Results: Using patch‐clamp technique, we studied effects of ivabradine on Ifpresent in atrial myocytes isolated from human right appendages of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The identification of HCN isoforms was obtained by means of multiplex single‐cell RT‐PCR. Ivabradine induced a marked concentration and use‐dependent Ifinhibition with an IC50at steady state of 2.9 μM. Time constant of block development (Tauon) decreases with the increase in the ivabradine concentration. Use‐dependent inhibition induced by ivabradine (3 μM) was not modified in the presence of cAMP (10 μM) in the pipette solution. Multiplex single‐cell RT‐PCR indicates that the major HCN gene subtype detected in atria was HCN2. HCN4 is detected weakly and HCN1 is not significantly detected.Conclusions: Ivabradine inhibits Ifcurrent in the nonpacemaker cell with characteristics similar to those described previously in rabbit sinus node cells, but revealed a lesser sensitivity for Ifrecorded in human atrial cell than hHCN4 subunits considered as the major contributors to nativef‐channels in human sinoatrial node. A potential protection of atrial arrhythmias by ivabradine is discussed.
Impact of Heart Rhythm Status on Registration Accuracy of the Left Atrium for Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: DONG JUN , DALAL DARSHAN , SCHERR DANIEL , CHEEMA AAMIR , NAZARIAN SAMAN , BILCHICK KENNETH , ALMASRY IBRAHIM , CHENG ALAN , HENRIKSON CHARLES A. , SPRAGG DAVID , MARINE JOSEPH E. , BERGER RONALD D. , CALKINS HUGH 
Published: September 2007

Introduction: Registration accuracy is of crucial importance to the successful use of image integration technique to facilitate atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. It is well known that a patient's heart rhythm can switch from sinus rhythm (SR) to AF or vice versa during an AF ablation procedure. However, the impact of the heart rhythm change on the accuracy of left atrium (LA) registration has not been studied.
Methods:
This study included 10 patients who underwent AF ablation. Prior to the ablation procedure, the patients had contrast‐enhanced cardiac CT scan obtained during SR (n = 7) or AF (n = 3). Using an image integration system (CartoMerge, Biosense Webster Inc.), LA CT surface reconstruction was registered to the real‐time mapping space represented by the LA electroanatomic map. To determine the effect of rhythm change on registration accuracy, LA registration was performed during both SR and AF in each study subject. The distance between the surface of the registered LA CT reconstruction and multiple real‐time LA electroanatomic map points (surface‐to‐point distance) was used as an index for LA registration error. The position error after rhythm change was defined as the surface‐to‐point distance between the surface of the LA CT reconstruction registered in the initial rhythm and the LA electroanatomic map points sampled during the second rhythm. Results: A total of 90 ± 12 and 92 ± 9.5 LA electroanatomic map points were sampled for registration during SR and AF, respectively. No significant difference was found in surface‐to‐point distance when comparing SR with AF as the underlying rhythm during registration (1.91 ± 0.24 vs 1.84 ± 0.38 mm, P = 0.60). The position error after rhythm change was not different from the surface‐to‐point distance of LA registration conducted during the initial rhythm (2.05 ± 0.39 vs 1.96 ± 0.29 mm, P = 0.4). The surface‐to‐point distance did not differ when comparing LA registration conducted during the same versus different rhythm from that during CT imaging (1.96 ± 0.29 vs 1.79 ± 0.32 mm, P = 0.13). Conclusions: Registration error did not differ between LA registrations conducted during the same versus different rhythm as was present during CT imaging. Rhythm changes between SR and AF did not introduce significant error to the LA registration process for catheter ablation of AF. These findings are reassuring and suggest that reregistration is not needed if a patient's rhythm changes from SR to AF or vice versa during an ablation procedure.
Infection of potato plants with potato leafroll virus changes attraction and feeding behaviour of Myzus persicae
Authors: Alvarez A. E. , Garzo E. , Verbeek M. , Vosman B. , Dicke M. , Tjallingii W. F. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractPotato leafroll virus (PLRV; genus Polerovirus, family Luteoviridae) is a persistently transmitted circulative virus that depends on aphids for spreading. The primary vector of PLRV is the aphid Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Homoptera: Aphididae). Solanum tuberosum L. potato cv. Kardal (Solanaceae) has a certain degree of resistance to M. persicae: young leaves seem to be resistant, whereas senescent leaves are susceptible. In this study, we investigated whether PLRV‐infection of potato plants affected aphid behaviour. We found that M. persicae's ability to differentiate headspace volatiles emitted from PLRV‐infected and non‐infected potato plants depends on the age of the leaf. In young apical leaves, no difference in aphid attraction was found between PLRV‐infected and non‐infected leaves. In fact, hardly any aphids were attracted. On the contrary, in mature leaves, headspace volatiles from virus infected leaves attracted the aphids. We also studied the effect of PLRV‐infection on probing and feeding behaviour (plant penetration) of M. persicae using the electrical penetration graph technique (DC system). Several differences were observed between plant penetration in PLRV‐infected and non‐infected plants, but only after infected plants showed visual symptoms of PLRV infection. The effects of PLRV‐infection in plants on the behaviour of M. persicae, the vector of the virus, and the implications of these effects on the transmission of the virus are thoroughly discussed.
Reproducibility of pixel‐by‐pixel analysis of Heidelberg retinal flowmetry images: the Thessaloniki Eye Study
Authors: Mavroudis Leonidas , Harris Alon , Topouzis Fotis , Wilson M. Roy , Yu Fei , Anastasopoulos Eleftherios , Koskosas Archimidis , Siesky Brent , Pappas Theofanis , Founti Panayiota , Coleman Anne L. 
Published: September 2007

Abstract.Purpose:  To identify the investigator effect in the analysis results of Heidelberg retinal flowmetry (HRF) images when pixel‐by‐pixel analysis is performed.Methods:  Thirty‐two of 732 HRF images were randomly selected from a population‐based study. Pixel‐by‐pixel analysis was performed by two trained masked graders in the following way: a square window of 40 × 40 pixels or two windows of 30 × 30 pixels or four windows of 20 × 20 pixels free from blood vessels at the peripapillary retina were identified. Using a 1 × 1‐pixel window, the grader performed pointwise analysis according to a specific protocol. The analysis process was performed by each observer three times (A, B, C) at 1‐week intervals. The percentage of pixels with < 1 arbitrary unit of flow (zero flow), the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th and 90th percentiles and mean flow values were calculated. The difference between the results of analyses B−A and C−A for all HRF parameters was estimated using the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Mixed‐effect regression models were also used after controlling for grader effect and correlation within subjects.Results:  There was no statistically significant difference between the results of analyses B−A and C−A or for any parameter in the mixed‐effect regression models. Intraclass correlation was 0.9665 for the percentage of zero flow pixels.Conclusions:  Pixel‐by‐pixel analysis of HRF images by trained graders remains a highly reproducible method. No grader effect was found. If a precise protocol is followed, the results are independent of the exact placement of the analysis windows and the pointwise analysis of the identified and mapped retinal tissue.
Comparison of gingival blood flow during healing of simplified papilla preservation and modified Widman flap surgery: a clinical trial using laser Doppler flowmetry
Authors: Retzepi M. , Tonetti M. , Donos N. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: This prospective randomized‐controlled clinical trial compared the gingival blood flow responses following simplified papilla preservation (test) versus modified Widman flap (control).Materials and Methods: Twenty contra‐lateral upper sites with pocket depth 5 mm after initial treatment in 10 chronic periodontitis patients were randomly assigned to either test or control treatment, using a split‐mouth design. Laser Doppler flowmetry recordings were performed pre‐operatively, following anaesthesia, immediately post‐operatively and on days 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 15, 30 and 60, at nine selected sites per flap.Results: Significant ischaemia was observed at all sites following anaesthesia and immediately post‐operatively. At the mucosal flap basis, a peak hyperaemic response was observed on day 1, which tended to resolve by day 4 at the test sites, but persisted until day 7 at the control sites. The buccal and palatal papillae blood perfusion presented the maximum increase on day 7 in both groups and returned to baseline by day 15. Both surgical modalities yielded significant pocket depth reduction, recession increase and clinical attachment gain.Conclusions: Periodontal access flaps represent an ischaemia–reperfusion flap model. The simplified papilla preservation flap may be associated with faster recovery of the gingival blood flow post‐operatively compared with the modified Widman flap.
Controlled‐delivery chlorhexidine chip versus amoxicillin/metronidazole as adjunctive antimicrobial therapy for generalized aggressive periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Kaner Doğan , Bernimoulin Jean‐Pierre , Hopfenmüller Werner , Kleber Bernd‐Michael , Friedmann Anton 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground: Subgingival application of chlorhexidine via a controlled‐delivery device (CHX chip) improves the clinical outcome of scaling/root planing (SRP) in therapy for chronic periodontitis. Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) is commonly treated with SRP and adjunctive antimicrobial medication. To date, the efficacy of CHX chips in GAP therapy has not been evaluated.Aim: To compare SRP plus adjunctive CHX chip placement with SRP plus adjunctive systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole with regard to clinical efficacy in first‐line therapy for GAP.Material and Methods: Thirty‐six GAP patients were treated with SRP and randomly with either placement of CHX chips or systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole. Clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BoP) and suppuration (Pus) were measured at baseline, 3 and 6 months after therapy.Results: CAL, PD, BoP and Pus were significantly reduced in both groups after 3 months. In the CHX chip group, PD significantly increased again between 3 and 6 months. Finally, amoxicillin/metronidazole patients presented significantly more CAL “gain”, PD reduction and less remaining deep sites after 6 months. Pus remained detectable in CHX chip patients only.Conclusions: In first‐line non‐surgical therapy for GAP, SRP plus adjunctive systemic amoxicillin/metronidazole was more efficacious in clinically relevant measures of outcome than SRP plus adjunctive placement of CHX chips.
A life‐course approach to assess psychosocial factors and periodontal disease
Authors: Nicolau Belinda , Netuveli Gopalakrishnan , Kim Jung‐Wang Martin , Sheiham Aubrey , Marcenes Wagner 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackground: Several models have been used to suggest the role of psychosocial factors in periodontal disease. None have adopted the life‐course approach, which emphasizes the importance of exposures over time and at critical points of a person's life.Objective: To investigate the relationship between psychosocial factors at two periods of life and periodontal diseases in Brazilian adult females.Material and Methods: The study design was a cross‐sectional survey of 330 women randomly selected from a larger sample of mothers whose children participated in a study on chronic oral disease using a life‐course framework. Each woman was clinically assessed for the presence of periodontal disease. An interview collected information on socioeconomic, behavioural and family‐related factors at two periods of the participant's life (childhood and adulthood). The main outcome variable was loss of periodontal attachment. Data analysis used logistic regression.Results: High levels of periodontal disease were predicted by <4 years of education, past and present smoking, high levels of paternal discipline in childhood and low levels of emotional support in adulthood. The influence of childhood factors was not attenuated by adulthood circumstances.Conclusion: Psychosocial factors in childhood and adulthood were associated with high levels of periodontal disease in adulthood.
Periodontal conditions in Swiss army recruits: a comparative study between the years 1985, 1996 and 2006
Authors: Röthlisberger Beat , Kuonen Patrick , Salvi Giovanni E. , Gerber Jeanne , Pjetursson Bjarni E. , Attström Rolf , Joss Andreas , Lang Niklaus. P. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: To compare the periodontal conditions of Swiss Army recruits in 2006 with those of previous surveys in 1996 and 1985.Material and Methods: A total of six hundred and twenty‐six Swiss Army recruits were examined for their periodontal conditions, caries prevalence, stomatological and functional aspects of the masticatory system and halitosis. In particular, this report deals with demographic data, the assessment of plaque index (PlI), gingival index (GI) and pocket probing depth (PPD).Results: Two per cent of all teeth were missing, resulting in a mean of 27.44 teeth per subject, and 77% of the missing teeth were the result of pre‐molar extractions due to orthodontic indications. The mean PlI and GI were 1.33 and 1.23, respectively. On average, 27% of the gingival units bled on probing. The mean PPD was 2.16 mm (SD 0.64). Only 3.8% of the recruits showed at least one site of PPD5 mm, and 1.4% yielded more than one site with PPD5 mm. In comparison with previous, this survey yielded lower bleeding on probing (BOP) percentages than in 1985, but slightly higher scores than in 1996. This may be attributed to increased PlI scores in 2006. However, PPD remained essentially unaltered from 1996 to 2006 after having improved significantly from 1985.Conclusion: A significant improvement of the periodontal conditions of young Swiss males was demonstrated to have taken place between 1985 and 1996, but no further changes during the last decade were noticed.
Periodontopathic microorganisms in peripheric blood after scaling and root planing
Authors: Lafaurie Gloria Inés , Mayorga‐Fayad Isabel , Torres María Fernanda , Castillo Diana Marcela , Aya Maria Rosario , Barón Alexandra , Hurtado Paola Andrea 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: The objective of this study was to evaluate the frequency of periodontopathic and other subgingival anaerobic and facultative bacteria in the bloodstream following scaling and root planing (SRP).Material and Methods: Forty‐two patients with severe generalized chronic periodontitis (GChP) and generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP) were included in the study. Four samples of peripheric blood were drawn from the cubital vein at different times: Pre‐treatment: immediately before the SRP procedure (T1), immediately after treatment (T2), 15 min. post‐treatment (T3) and 30 min. post‐treatment (T4). In order to identify the presence of microorganisms in blood, subcultures were conducted under anaerobic conditions.Results: 80.9% of the patients presented positive cultures after SRP and it occurred more frequently immediately after treatment; however, 19% of the patients still had microorganisms in the bloodstream 30 min. after the procedure. The periodontopathic microorganisms more frequently identified were Porphyromonas gingivalis and Micromonas micros. Campylobacter spp., Eikenella corrodens, Tannerella forsythensis, Fusobacterium spp. and Prevotella intermedia were isolated less often. Actinomyces spp. were also found frequently during bacteraemia after SRP.Conclusions: SRP induced bacteraemia associated with anaerobic bacteria, especially in patients with periodontal disease.
Effect of non‐surgical periodontal therapy on clinical and immunological response and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients with moderate periodontitis
Authors: Navarro‐Sanchez Ana Belén , Faria‐Almeida Ricardo , Bascones‐Martinez Antonio 
Published: September 2007

AbstractObjetives: The purpose of this study was to compare the local efficacy of nonsurgical periodontal therapy between type 2 diabetic and non‐diabetic patients and the effect of periodontal therapy on glycaemic control.Background: A complex two‐way relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and periodontitis.Material and Methods: After selection, 20 subjects (10 diabetic and 10 non‐diabetic) underwent baseline examination, periodontal clinical study and biochemical analysis of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). After the pre‐treatment phase, subgingival scaling and root planing were performed. Subsequently, all subjects continued the maintenance programme and were re‐examined at 3 and 6 months.Results: Diabetic and non‐diabetic subjects responded well after therapy, showing a very similar progression during the follow‐up period. Both groups showed clinically and immunologically significant improvements. Significant reductions were also found in the total volume of GCF and levels of interleukin‐1β and tumour necrosis factor‐α. Diabetic subjects showed an improvement in their metabolic control. The change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C) was statistically significant at 3 and 6 months.Conclusions: The clinical and immunological improvements obtained were accompanied by a significant reduction in HbA1C values in type 2 diabetic subjects. Larger studies are needed to confirm this finding and establish whether periodontal therapy has a significant effect on glycaemic control.
A preliminary study of intra‐pocket topical versus injected anaesthetic for scaling and root planing
Authors: Stoltenberg Jill L. , Osborn Joy B. , Carlson Jeffrey F. , Hodges James S. , Michalowicz Bryan S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: Compare the efficacy of topical benzocaine gel to injected lidocaine during scaling and root planing.Materials and Methods: In each of 21 participants undergoing root planing, two dental quadrants were randomly assigned to receive topical 20% benzocaine gel delivered subgingivally (TOP) or injection anaesthesia using 2% lidocaine (INJ). Baseline, intra‐ and immediate post‐operative pain was assessed using the Heft–Parker pain scale. Intra‐subject differences (INJ–TOP) were analysed using paired t‐tests and mixed models.Results: Baseline and post‐operative pain did not differ between treatments (p>0.50). The injected anaesthetic, however, was associated with less intra‐operative pain than the topical (INJ–TOP=−24.9 mm, p=0.005) Six participants required rescue (injected) anaesthesia during treatment with the topical. Eleven participants (52%) preferred topical over injected anaesthetic. Among these 11, intra‐operative pain scores did not differ significantly (TOP=38.6 mm, INJ=28.4 mm, p=0.23). Among those who preferred the injected anaesthetic, intra‐operative pain scores differed significantly (TOP=84.7 mm, INJ=43.8 mm, p=0.03).Conclusions: Intra‐pocket benzocaine gel is less effective than injected lidocaine in controlling pain during scaling and planing. Anaesthetic preference was related to the level of pain experienced during treatment with the topical. Larger studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Trends in periodontal health among 35‐year‐olds in Oslo, 1973–2003
Authors: Skudutyte‐Rysstad Rasa , Eriksen Harald M. , Hansen B. Frode 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAim: The aim of the present study was to describe trends in periodontal health and oral hygiene using data available from four epidemiological studies on 35‐year‐olds in Oslo performed from 1973 to 2003.Material and Methods: Periodontal status of randomly selected 35‐year‐olds was assessed clinically and radiographically. Clinical registrations were based on the Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) and the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index. In addition, the proportion of individuals with marginal bone loss was assessed using available orthopantomograms.Results: The proportion of persons with CPITN score 4 (one or more pockets 6 mm) decreased from 21.8% in 1984 to 8.1% in 2003. In addition, the mean number of sextants with deep pockets per person was considerably lower in 2003 than previously. The proportion of persons without recorded bone loss increased from 46% in 1973 to 76% in 2003. An improvement in oral hygiene scores was also observed during this period.Conclusions: The results suggest that periodontal health and oral hygiene have been improving among 35‐year‐olds in Oslo during the last 30 years.
Decline in Number of Elevated Blood CD3+ CD56+ NKT Cells in Response to Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment Correlates with Successful Pregnancy
Authors: Van Den Heuvel Marianne J. , Peralta Crystal G. , Hatta Kota , Han Victor K. , Clark David A. 
Published: September 2007

ProblemPatients with elevated blood natural killer (NK) cells may be offered intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment, but there is controversy about the utility of blood NK cell testing. Human CD56+ NK cells include several subpopulations that include the putatively cytotoxic CD56+ CD16+ subset. In mouse models of pregnant failure, NKT cells appear to be important. However, a mouse model may only be pertinent to a subset of patients, as recurrent pregnancy failure is a heterogenous group.Method of studyAn ethics‐approved observational study was done to observe the effect of treatment on total blood lymphoid cells, and subsets of CD56+ blood lymphocytes including CD56+ CD3+ NKT cells determined by flow cytometry, and to correlate with pregnancy outcome. Fifteen fertile women with a history of successful pregnancy and thirty‐one women suffering from repeated implantation failure or recurrent spontaneous abortion provided serial blood samples during one menstrual cycle or prior to and during treatment. IVIG was administered to the latter group with or without heparin/aspirin.ResultsEight of thirty infertile women presented with high numbers of CD56+ CD3+ NKT cells, which declined after treatment with IVIG. The elevated NKT cell group with or without concomitant autoimmunity achieved a significantly higher successful pregnancy rate over the course of the study, as compared to women with average numbers of NKT cells and no evidence of autoimmunity (P = 0.018). Elevated NKT levels alone was an independent predictor of success on treatment (P = 0.003).ConclusionElevated NKT cells in recurrent pregnancy loss or implantation failure can be ameliorated with IVIG treatment, and result in successful pregnancy. Assay of NKT cell numbers may idengif"y patients who are more likely to benefit from IVIG therapy and merits further examination in randomized phase II studies.