bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plant quiescence strategy and seed dormancy under hypoxia
Authors: Pucciariello Chiara , Perata Pierdomenico 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Plant quiescence and seed dormancy can be triggered by reduced oxygen availability. Under water, oxygen depletion caused by flooding can culminate in a quiescent state, which is a plant strategy for energy preservation and survival. In adult plants, a quiescent state can be activated by sugar starvation, leading to metabolic depression. In seeds, secondary dormancy can be activated by reduced oxygen availability, which creates an unfavourable state for germination. The physical dormancy of some seeds and buds includes barriers to external conditions, which indirectly results in hypoxia. The molecular processes that support seed dormancy and plant survival through quiescence under hypoxia include the N-degron pathway, which enables the modulation of ethylene-responsive factors of group VII and downstream targets. This oxygen- and nitric oxide-dependent mechanism interacts with phytohormone-related pathways to control growth.
The origin of supermassive black holes at cosmic dawn
Authors: Sharma Ritik , Sharma Mahavir 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
We investigate the steady spherically symmetric accretion in the combined potential of a central black hole and a dark matter halo. For the halo, we consider a Hernquist and an NFW potential and calculate the critical points of the flow. We find that the trans-sonic solution to the centre is not possible without a black hole, whereas two types of trans-sonic solutions are possible in its presence. We also derive the mass accretion rate for a black hole at the centre of a dark matter halo. Our results indicate two phases of accretion. The first is an initial phase with a low accretion rate that depends on the black hole mass, followed by a second phase with a high accretion rate that depends on the halo mass. In the second phase, the black hole mass increases rapidly to supermassive scales, which explains the existence of quasars at redshift z ≥ 6 and also the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) recently detected by the JWST. Further, we calculate the evolution of the Eddington ratio for growing black holes. The accretion is mostly sub-Eddington except for a short super-Eddington episode when the mass accretion rate transitions from low to high. However, during that episode, the black hole mass is likely inadequate to hinder accretion through radiative feedback.
Smoking Progression and Nicotine-Enhanced Reward Sensitivity Predicted by Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Salience and Executive Control Networks
Authors: Gunn Matthew P , Rose Gregory M , Whitton Alexis E , Pizzagalli Diego A , Gilbert David G 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Introduction
The neural underpinnings underlying individual differences in nicotine-enhanced reward sensitivity (NERS) and smoking progression are poorly understood. Thus, we investigated whether brain resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC.) during smoking abstinence predicts NERS and smoking progression in young light smokers. We hypothesized that high rsFC between brain areas with high densities of nicotinic receptors (insula, anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], hippocampus, thalamus) and areas involved in reward-seeking (nucleus accumbens [NAcc], prefrontal cortex [PFC]) would predict NERS and smoking progression.

Aims and Methods
Young light smokers (N = 64, age 18–24, M = 1.89 cigarettes/day) participated in the study. These individuals smoked between 5 and 35 cigarettes per week and lifetime use never exceeded 35 cigarettes per week. Their rsFC was assessed using functional magnetic resonance imaging after 14 hours of nicotine deprivation. Subjects also completed a probabilistic reward task after smoking a placebo on 1 day and a regular cigarette on another day.

Results
The probabilistic-reward-task assessed greater NERS was associated with greater rsFC between the right anterior PFC and right NAcc, but with reduced rsFC between the ACC and left inferior prefrontal gyrus and the insula and ACC. Decreased rsFC within the salience network (ACC and insula) predicted increased smoking progression across 18 months and greater NERS.

Conclusions
These findings provide the first evidence that differences in rsFCs in young light smokers are associated with nicotine-enhanced reward sensitivity and smoking progression.

Clinical trial registration
NCT02129387 (preregistered hypothesis: www.clinicaltrials.gov).

Implications
Weaker rsFC within the salience network predicted greater NERS and smoking progression. These findings suggest that salience network rsFC and drug-enhanced reward sensitivity may be useful tools and potential endophenotypes for reward sensitivity and drug-dependence research.
Inspiratory Muscle Training in Phase 1 and 2 Postoperative Cardiac Rehabilitation Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: Systematic Review With Meta-Analysis
Authors: Araújo Clênia Oliveira , Araújo Alves Carla Cristina , dos Santos Francisco R A , Cahalin Lawrence P , Cipriano Graziella França Bernardelli , Cipriano Gerson 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objective
This study aimed to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, length of hospital stay (LOS), and quality of life (QOL) following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Methods
The search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Cochrane Handbook and included the databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, and CENTRAL. The review included randomized controlled trials utilizing IMT during phase 1 or 2 postoperative cardiac rehabilitation (PoCR) versus alternative treatment (active or passive control) in patients following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

Results
Fifteen studies were included (11 phase 1 studies, 4 phase 2 studies) with no reported adverse events. In phase 1 PoCR, IMT reduced the LOS (−1.02 days; 95% CI = −2.00 to −0.03) and increased exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance) (+75.46 m; 95% CI = 52.34 to 98.57), and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (10.46 cm H2O; 95% CI = 2.83 to 18.10), but had no effect on maximal expiratory pressure. In phase 2 PoCR, IMT increased 6-minute walk distance (45.84 m; 95% CI = 10.89 to 80.80), MIP (−23.19 cm H2O; 95% CI = −31.31 to −15), maximal expiratory pressure (20.18 cm H2O; 95% CI = 9.60 to 30.76), and QOL (−11.17; 95% CI = −17.98 to −4.36), with no effect on peak oxygen uptake. There was a high risk of bias for MIP (75% of the phase 1 studies) and 6MWT (1 of 4 phase 2 studies). The quality of the evidence ranged from very low to moderate.

Conclusion
IMT significantly improves exercise capacity, respiratory muscle strength, LOS, and QOL in phase 1 and 2 PoCR.

Impact
IMT may benefit patients during phase 1 and 2 of PoCR, considering the safety, low cost, and potential benefits.
Syphilis Treatment Among People Who Are Pregnant in Six U.S. States, 2018–2021
Authors: Tannis Ayzsa , Miele Kathryn , Carlson Jeffrey M. , O'Callaghan Kevin P. , Woodworth Kate R. , Anderson Breanne , Praag Aisha , Pulliam Kourtney , Coppola Nicole , Willabus Teri’ , Mbotha Deborah , Abetew Dejene , Currenti Salvatore , Longcore Nicole D. , Akosa Amanda , Meaney-Delman Dana , Tong Van T. , Gilboa Suzanne M. , Olsen Emily O. 
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE:
To describe syphilis treatment status and prenatal care among people with syphilis during pregnancy to identify missed opportunities for preventing congenital syphilis.

METHODS:
Six jurisdictions that participated in SET-NET (Surveillance for Emerging Threats to Pregnant People and Infants Network) conducted enhanced surveillance among people with syphilis during pregnancy based on case investigations, medical records, and linkage of laboratory data with vital records. Unadjusted risk ratios (RRs) were used to compare demographic and clinical characteristics by syphilis stage (primary, secondary, or early latent vs late latent or unknown) and treatment status during pregnancy (adequate per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s “Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021” vs inadequate or not treated) and by prenatal care (timely: at least 30 days before pregnancy outcome; nontimely: less than 30 days before pregnancy outcome; and no prenatal care).

RESULTS:
As of September 15, 2023, of 1,476 people with syphilis during pregnancy, 855 (57.9%) were adequately treated and 621 (42.1%) were inadequately treated or not treated. Eighty-two percent of the cohort received timely prenatal care. Although those with nontimely or no prenatal care were more likely to receive inadequate or no treatment (RR 2.50, 95% CI, 2.17–2.88 and RR 2.73, 95% CI, 2.47–3.02, respectively), 32.1% of those with timely prenatal care were inadequately or not treated. Those with reported substance use or a history of homelessness were nearly twice as likely to receive inadequate or no treatment (RR 2.04, 95% CI, 1.82–2.28 and RR 1.83, 95% CI, 1.58–2.13, respectively).

CONCLUSION:
In this surveillance cohort, people without timely prenatal care had the highest risk for syphilis treatment inadequacy; however, almost a third of people who received timely prenatal care were not adequately treated. These findings underscore gaps in syphilis screening and treatment for pregnant people, especially those experiencing substance use and homelessness, and the need for systems-based interventions, such as treatment outside of traditional prenatal care settings.
Treating moderate-to-severe menopausal vasomotor symptoms with fezolinetant: analysis of responders using pooled data from two phase 3 studies (SKYLIGHT 1 and 2)
Authors: Nappi Rossella E. , Johnson Kimball A. , Stute Petra , Blogg Martin , English Marci , Morga Antonia , Scrine Ludmila , Siddiqui Emad , Ottery Faith D. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The aims of the study were to further characterize the efficacy of fezolinetant for the treatment of moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) due to menopause using responder analysis and to investigate whether efficacy, not adjusted for placebo, resulted in clinically meaningful within-patient change.

Methods
This prespecified analysis used pooled data from two phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (SKYLIGHT 1 and 2). Responders were those experiencing ≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, or 100% reduction in VMS frequency from baseline to weeks 4 and 12. Responder analysis was performed for patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures to evaluate participants achieving a clinically meaningful within-patient change (not placebo adjusted) at week 4 and 12 versus baseline. Single responders were based on outcomes of VMS frequency, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Sleep Disturbance–Short Form 8b Total Score, Menopause-Specific Quality of Life (MENQoL) Total Score, and MENQoL VMS Domain Score. Double and triple responder analyses combined VMS frequency plus one or more of the PRO. Patient Global Impression of Change VMS was deemed a suitable anchor measure for meaningful within-patient change in VMS frequency.

Results
A greater proportion of fezolinetant-treated versus placebo-treated participants had ≥50%, ≥75%, ≥90%, or 100% reduction in VMS frequency from baseline to weeks 4 and 12. A greater proportion of responders were observed in the fezolinetant groups versus placebo at week 12 in all four single responder analyses. In the double and triple responder analyses, odds ratios were supportive of a beneficial effect for both doses of fezolinetant versus placebo.

Conclusions
Fezolinetant was associated with significantly higher within-patient clinically meaningful improvement in important PRO, including VMS frequency, PROMIS SD SF 8b Total Score, MENQoL Total Score, and MENQoL VMS Domain Score.
Corneal Neurotization for Neurotrophic Keratopathy: A Multicenter Experience
Authors: Aujla Jaskirat , Tong Jessica Y. , Curragh David , Caplash Yugesh , Chehade Mark , Tumuluri Krishna , Au Alicia , Low Nelson , Avisar Inbal , Sagiv Oded , Barequet Irit , Ben Simon Guy , Selva Dinesh 
Published: April 2024

Purpose:
Corneal neurotization is an emerging technique that offers potential for visual rehabilitation in neurotrophic keratopathy. This study reports on a multicenter experience and outcomes for both direct and indirect methods of corneal neurotization.

Methods:
Retrospective case series. Sixteen patients with neurotrophic keratopathy who underwent corneal neurotization across 5 centers in Australia and Israel were identified for inclusion. Corneal neurotization was performed via direct neurotization from the ipsilateral or contralateral supraorbital/supratrochlear nerve or by the use of an interpositional sural nerve graft. Change in corneal sensitivity (measured in millimeters by the Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer), visual acuity, and corneal health.

Results:
Over a mean follow-up period of 31.3 months (range: 3 months–8 years), mean corneal sensitivity improved from 3.6 mm (range: 0–25 mm) to 25.3 mm (range: 0–57 mm). Visual acuity improved on average from 20/380 to 20/260. Twelve of 16 patients (75.0%) improved in at least 2 out of the 3 main outcome measures. Nine patients (56.3%) showed an improvement in visual acuity; 13 (81.3%) showed an improvement in average corneal sensitivity; and 11 (68.8%) showed an improvement in corneal health. There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications.

Conclusions:
Corneal neurotization is an emerging surgical treatment option for the management of neurotrophic keratopathy. With appropriate case selection, outcomes are favorable and complication rates are low, for a condition that is otherwise challenging to manage. Patients with severe neurotrophic keratopathy should be considered for this surgical treatment option.
Psychometric Evaluation of the Traditional Chinese Version of the Self-Care of Heart Failure Index Version 7.2
Authors: Qiu Chen , Yu Doris Sau-fung , Li Polly Wai-Chi , Riegel Barbara 
Published: April 2024

Background
The Self-Care of Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) is a widely used instrument used to measure self-care in both research and clinical settings. The lack of a psychometric evaluation of the traditional Chinese version of the SCHFI (SCHFI-C) might limit its utilization in non-Mainland Chinese populations such as Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SCHFI-C v.7.2.

Methods
Participants included 365 adults with heart failure. Breslin's method of translation was used to translate the SCHFI v.7.2 into traditional Chinese. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted to examine the dimensionality structure of each scale. Then, composite reliability was calculated to assess the reliability of 3 scales. Construct validity was examined by hypothesis testing and known-group comparisons.

Results
The results of exploratory factor analysis suggest its multidimensionality of each scale. More specifically, the findings indicated a unique internal structure of the self-care maintenance (“lifestyle-related behaviors” and “consulting behaviors”) and self-care management (“self-reliance behaviors” and “help-seeking behaviors”) scales. The composite reliability of 3 scales were 0.81, 0.88, and 0.82, respectively, reaching adequate level. As for construct validity, the significant associations between the 3 SCHFI domains and self-care confidence as well as significant group difference among patients of different ages and educational backgrounds supported good construct validity.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence of the reliability and validity of the SCHFI-C v.7.2. The traditional SCHFI-C v.7.2 can serve as a valid and reliable outcome measure to evaluate the effects of self-care–promoting interventions.
Network Analysis of Dyadic Burdens, Psychological Disorders, Psychological Resilience, and Illness- or Caregiving-Related Beliefs in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure and Their Caregivers
Authors: Wang Yaqi , Xu Xueying , Lv Qingyun , Zhao Yue , Zhang Xiaonan , Zang Xiaoying 
Published: April 2024

Background
Previous research has examined the dyadic health components consisting of dyadic burdens, psychological disorders, psychological resilience, and illness- or caregiving-related beliefs independently from each other in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and their caregivers, but there is a need for further insights into their interconnections.

Objective
We aimed to explore the interconnections among dyadic health components in patients with CHF and their caregivers.

Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study, recruiting in a total of 355 patients with CHF and their 355 respective caregivers, totaling 710 individuals across the dyads. Assessments were conducted on symptom burden, caregiver burden, anxiety, depression, psychological resilience, perceived control, and caregiver self-efficacy. Network analysis was used regarding these constructs as nodes and their associations as edges.

Results
The strongest edge weight was observed between patients' anxiety and depression, followed by caregivers' anxiety and depression. Patients' depression exhibited the strongest edge weight with dyadic burdens. Caregiver burden was independently correlated with all nodes. Patients' symptom burden had fewer associations with the nodes within the caregiver community. Patients' anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience demonstrated the strongest and most influential correlations with other nodes.

Conclusions
The findings illustrated extensive interconnections among dyadic health components in CHF dyads. These findings underscored the significance of managing and intervening with patients and caregivers as a dyadic whole. Given the strong and frequent associations of patients' anxiety, depression, and psychological resilience with other nodes in the network, interventions targeting these nodes may enhance the overall network health of CHF dyads.
Evaluation of Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome Owing to Nerve Conduction Study and Cumulative Exposure Index—A 2.5-Year Cohort Study
Authors: Ikegami Kazunori , Ohnari Keiko , Shirasaka Taiki , Michii Satoshi , Yoshitake Hidetaka , Sugano Ryosuke , Nozawa Hiroki , Hasegawa Masayuki , Ando Hajime , Ogami Akira , Adachi Hiroaki 
Published: April 2024

Objective
This study aims to clarify the relationship between peripheral neuropathy in hand-arm vibration syndrome and cumulative exposure index.

Methods
68 participants without symptoms were surveyed. The participants were divided into three groups based on past and current vibration exposure (VE).

Results
Comparison among groups according to past VE showed that the median and ulnar sensory nerve conduction velocities and median sensory nerve action potential (SNAP) amplitude were significantly lower in past high and low exposure groups than in the past nonexposure group. Comparison among groups according to current VE showed that the median and ulnar SNAP amplitudes were significantly lower in the current high exposure group than in the current low or nonexposure group.

Conclusions
Vibration tool handlers have potential peripheral nerve lesions at a certain stage without subjective symptoms of the finger.
Law Enforcement Officers Have an Increased Prevalence of Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease That Is Not Explained by Traditional Risk Factors
Authors: Franke Warren D. , Lefferts Elizabeth C. , Lefferts Wesley K. , Keren Nir , Flynn Markus H. , Lutrick Lincoln D. , Hinkhouse Jay J. , Ramey Sandra L. , Lang James A. 
Published: April 2024

Objectives
The aim of the study is to determine if law enforcement officers develop subclinical atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) earlier than nonofficers and, if so, the extent to which conventional risk factors explain this difference. Methods: Estimated pulse wave velocity (ePWV) was the marker of subclinical ASCVD. EPWV, ASCVD risk factors, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and 10-year risk for ASCVD were compared among 408 law enforcement officers and a civilian cohort. Results: EPWV, 10-year ASCVD risk, and MetS prevalence increased significantly with age. All but the officers age 55 and older had higher ePWV cohort than the civilian cohort (P < 0.001). Ten-year ASCVD risk explained the most variability of ePWV (R
2 = 0.49, P < 0.001). Conclusions: Officers develop subclinical ASCVD earlier than nonofficers. Conventional ASCVD risk factors only explain about half of this increase. Occupational factors may play a role in contributing to this increased ASCVD risk.
Biological treatment approach to inflammatory bowel disease is similar in academic and nonacademic centres – prime time for decentralisation of inflammatory bowel disease care?
Authors: Tepeš Katja , Hanžel Jurij , Štubljar David , Strmšek Karin , Erjavec Luka , Supovec Eva , Jagodic Zala , Končan Mirjam , Grosek Jan , Košir Jurij Aleš , Tomažič Aleš , Kogovšek Urška , Norčič Gregor , Šibli Renata , Žnidaršič Marija , Pačnik Vižintin Tadeja , Sodin Barbara , Breznik Janez , Hribar Vanesa Anderle , Ocepek Andreja , Pernat Drobež Cvetka , Bukovnik Nejc , Zafošnik Andrej , Marušič Tamara , Jurečič Brglez Nataša , Denkovski Maja , Smrekar Nataša , Novak Gregor , Koželj Matic , Kurent Tina , Simonič Jože , Pintar Špela , Štabuc Borut , Drobne David 
Published: April 2024

Background
With the increasing number of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, it is difficult to manage them within specialised IBD teams in academic medical centres: many are therefore treated in nonacademic IBD centres. It is unclear whether the time to introducing biologics is the same in both settings.

Aim
We aimed to compare treatment approach with biologics in academic vs. nonacademic centres.

Methods
We analysed Slovenian national IBD registry data (UR-CARE Registry, supported by the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation), which included 2 academic (2319 patients) and 4 nonacademic IBD (429 patients) centres.

Results
The disease phenotype was similar in both settings. In total, 1687 patients received 2782 treatment episodes with biologics. We observed no differences in treatment episodes with TNF-alpha inhibitors (60% vs. 61%), vedolizumab (24% vs. 23%), or ustekinumab (17% vs. 16%) in academic compared to nonacademic centres (P = 0.949). However, TNF inhibitors were less often the first biologic in academic centres (TNF inhibitors: 67.5% vs. 74.0%, vedolizumab: 20.3% vs. 17.9%, ustekinumab: 12.1% vs. 8.1%; P = 0.0096). Consequently, more patients received ustekinumab (29.8% vs. 18.3%) and vedolizumab (17.4% vs. 13.5%) and fewer TNF inhibitors (52.7% vs. 68.2%) for Crohn’s disease in academic compared to nonacademic centres, with no such differences for ulcerative colitis. The time to initiation of the first biologic from diagnosis was short and similar in both settings (11.3 vs. 10.4 months, P = 0.2).

Conclusion
In this nationwide registry analysis, we observed that biological treatment choice was similar in academic and nonacademic settings. These findings support the decentralisation of IBD care.