bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Higher regular coffee and tea consumption is associated with reduced endometrial cancer risk
Authors: McCann Susan E. , Yeh Michael , Rodabaugh Kerry , Moysich Kirsten B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSeveral studies have investigated the associations between diet and endometrial cancer, but few have focused specifically on coffee and tea. In a hospital‐based case–control study, we examined the associations between endometrial cancer risk and usual consumption of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and black tea among 541 women with endometrial cancer and 541 women with an intact uterus but without a cancer diagnosis seen at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (Buffalo, New York) between 1982 and 1998. Daily frequency of consumption of coffee, decaffeinated coffee, and black tea in the few years prior to diagnosis in cases and questionnaire completion in controls was assessed with a self‐administered epidemiologic questionnaire and categorized as none, 0.5 cups/d, 1–2 cups/d and >2 cups/d. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for each category referent to nondrinkers were estimated with unconditional logistic regression adjusting for age, endometrial cancer risk factors and each beverage mutually adjusted for other beverages. Compared to nondrinkers, we observed a nonsignificant negative association with endometrial cancer risk among women who reported >2 cups/d regular coffee (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.49–1.03), a significant inverse association with >2 cups/d black tea (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.35–0.90) and a significant inverse association with >4 cups/d combined coffee and tea consumption (OR 0.47, 95% CI 0.28–0.80). These findings suggest coffee and tea may be important in reducing endometrial cancer risk. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic research methods and current trends of dental implant surfaces
Authors: Coelho Paulo G. , Granjeiro José M. , Romanos George E. , Suzuki Marcelo , Silva Nelson R. F. , Cardaropoli Giuseppe , Thompson Van P. , Lemons Jack E. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAmong dental implant design alterations, surface modifications have been by far the most investigated topic. Regarding implant surface research, the lack of hierarchical approaches relating in vitro, in vivo, clinical trials, and ex vivo analyses has hindered biomaterials scientists with clear informed rationale guidelines for implant surface design. This manuscript provides a critical hierarchical overview of the in vitro, laboratory in vivo, clinical, and ex vivo methodologies used to investigate the performance of novel biomaterials aiming to allow dental professionals to better evaluate the past, present, and future dental implant surface research. This manuscript also contains an overview of the commercially available surface texture and chemistry modifications including novel nanotechnology‐based fabrication processes. Over the last decade, surface texturing has been the most utilized parameter for increasing the host‐to‐implant response. Recently, dental implant surfaces utilizing reduced length scale physico/chemical features (atomic and nanometric) have shown the potential to synergistically use both texture and the inclusion of bioactive ceramic components on the surface. Although surface modifications have been shown to enhance osseointegration at early implantation times, information concerning its long‐term benefit to peri‐implant tissues is lacking due to the reduced number of controlled clinical trials. Given the various implants/surfaces under study, the clinician should ask, founded on the basic hierarchical approach described for the in vitro, laboratory in vivo data, as well as the results of clinical studies to effectiveness before use of any dental implant. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Muscle response to leg lengthening during distraction osteogenesis
Authors: Thorey Fritz , Bruenger Jens , Windhagen Henning , Witte Frank 
Published: October 2008

AbstractContinuous lengthening of intact muscles during distraction osteogenesis leads to an increase of sarcomeres and enhances the regeneration of tendons and blood vessels. A high distraction rate leads to an excessive leg and muscle lengthening and might cause damages of muscle fibers with fibrosis, necrosis, and muscle weakness. Complications like muscle contractures or atrophy after postoperative immobilization emphazize the importance of muscles and their function in the clinical outcome. In an animal model of distraction osteogenesis, 18 sheep were operated with an external fixator followed by 4 days latency, 21 days distraction (1.25 mm per day) and 51 days consolidation. The anatomical location (gastrocnemius, peroneus tertius, and first flexor digitorum longus muscle), dimension and occurrence of muscular defects were characterized histologically. The callus formation and leg axis was monitored by weekly X‐rays. Additionally, serum creatine kinase was analyzed during a distraction and consolidation period. Significant signs of muscle lesions in all three observed muscles can be found postoperatively, whereas normal callus formation and regular leg axis was observed radiologically. The peroneus tertius and first flexor digitorum longus muscles were found to have significantly more signs of fibrosis, inflammatory, and necrosis. Creatine kinase showed two peaks: 4 and 39 days postoperative as an indication of muscle damage and regeneration. The study implicates that muscle damages should be considered when a long‐distance distraction osteogenesis is planned. The surgeon should consider these muscle responses and individually discuss a two‐stage treatment or additional muscle tendon releases to minimize the risk of muscle damages. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 27: 483–488, 2009
Land‐use and cover changes (1988–2002) around budongo forest reserve, NW Uganda: implications for forest and woodland sustainability
Authors: Mwavu E. N. , Witkowski E. T. F. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractLand‐use and cover changes around Budongo Forest Reserve (BFR) were analysed from multi‐temporal LandSat images (1988 and 2002) and associated field‐based studies in 2003–2004. Three major land‐use and cover classes: forest/woodland, sugarcane plantations and grassland/shifting‐cultivation/settlements were clearly discriminated. The area under sugarcane cultivation increased over 17‐fold, from 690 ha in 1988 to 12729 ha in 2002, with a concomitant loss of about 4680 ha (8·2 per cent) of forest/woodland, mainly on the southern boundary of BFR. Land‐use and cover changes were a result of (a) agricultural expansion, (b) increasing human population, exacerbated by large influxes of refugees, (c) conflicts of interest and political interference in the management of BFR and (d) unclear land tenure. Agriculture is the main land‐use practice and source of income to local people, with commercial sugarcane and tobacco as the primary cash crops. Individual smallholder sugarcane plantations covered distances ranging from 30 to 1440 m along the BFR edge, with no buffer zone, resulting in direct conflicts between farmers and forest wild animals. There is an ever‐increasing need for more land for agricultural expansion, resulting in continued loss of forest/woodland on private/communal lands and encroachment into BFR. This unsustainable agricultural expansion and the local people's perception of BFR as an obstacle to agriculture, threatens the conservation of its threatened wild plants (e.g. Raphia farinifera) and the endangered chimpanzees. Therefore, their sustainable management for both development and conservation will require strong and incorruptible institutions that will seek a balance between resource exploitation and conservation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nitroxide‐Mediated Radical Polymerization of N‐tert‐Butylacrylamide
Authors: Gibbons Orla , Carroll William M. , Aldabbagh Fawaz , Zetterlund Per B. , Yamada Bunichiro 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe nitroxide‐mediated polymerization of N‐tert‐butylacrylamide (TBAM) in DMF at 120 °C using SG1/DEPN and AIBN has been investigated. Linear growth in number‐average molecular weight ($\overline M _{\rm n}$) versus conversion and narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs) with high livingness were obtained up to ≈8 000 g · mol−1. For higher molecular weights, the MWDs gradually became broader with low molecular weight tailing, and $\overline M _{\rm n}$ deviated downwards from theoretical values. Quantitative analyses of MWDs, along with specifically designed conventional radical polymerizations at 120 °C, were consistent with chain transfer to monomer limiting the attainable $\overline M _{\rm n}$. This finding can be equally applied to existing literature polymerizations of TBAM.magnified image
Poly(methylenepyridinium)s by Poly(N‐alkylation) of Substituted Pyridines: Structural and Kinetic Study
Authors: Monmoton Sophie , Lefebvre Hervé , Costa‐Torro France , Fradet Alain 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe solution polymerization of 4‐bromomethylpyridine (M1) and 3‐bromomethyl pyridine hydrobromides (M2) was studied by NMR spectroscopy. A mechanism involving a series of bimolecular reactions of the monomer, dimer, and higher oligomers closely fits with the experimental variations of bromomethyl end group concentrations with time. M1 presents a higher reactivity than M2 and an unusual behavior, since the oligomers are more reactive than the monomer. An explanation based on a mesomeric phenomenon is proposed. The influence of the anion on the solubility and thermal stability of the poly(methylenepyridinium)s were studied after various anion exchanges. Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion (Tf2N) yielded the more stable and the more organosoluble polymers.magnified image
Hyperbranched Poly[bis(alkylene)pyridinium]s
Authors: Monmoton Sophie , Lefebvre Hervé , Costa‐Torro France , Fradet Alain 
Published: October 2008

Abstract3,5‐Bis(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide and 3,5‐bis(bromobutyl)pyridine hydrobromide were synthesized from commercially available 3,5‐lutidine. The poly(N‐alkylation) of these monomers readily yielded new hyperbranched polyelectrolytes. The progress of reaction was followed by 1H NMR. A second‐order kinetic scheme fits the experimental data. Rate constants and activation parameters were determined, showing the higher reactivity of 3,5‐bis(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide. This was explained by the electron‐attractive effect of pyridinium groups on the CH2Br end groups. The structures of the hyperbranched poly[3,5‐bis(alkylene)pyridinium]s were investigated by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and a preliminary study of their properties is reported.magnified image
Conditional loss of PTEN leads to skeletal abnormalities and lipoma formation
Authors: Hsieh Shu‐Chen , Chen Nien‐Tsu , Lo Su Hao 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTo understand the role of tumor suppressor PTEN in cartilage development, we have generated chondrocyte specific PTEN deletion mice using Col2a1Cre and PTENloxp/loxp mice. PTEN mutant mice are viable and fertile, nonetheless, develop kyphosis over time. Histological analyses show mutant vertebrae and intervertebral discs are larger and therefore the spines are longer than in control mice. In addition, the growth plates are thicker, invading trabecular bone areas are deeper, and marrow adipocyte populations are higher in PTEN mutant mice. Furthermore, the growth plates, not normally fused in mouse long bones, are fused in PTEN mutants. Intriguingly, PTEN mice develop lipomas and show abnormal accumulation of fat tissues along spines. Cell tracking assays have confirmed that lipomas and a portion of fat tissues were derived from Col2a1Cre PTENloxp/loxp cells. Further analyses have suggested that the phenotypes of PTEN mutant likely attribute to PTEN's negatively regulating role in PI3K/Akt pathway. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
c‐Fos accelerates hepatocyte conversion to a fibroblastoid phenotype through ERK‐mediated upregulation of paxillin‐Serine178 phosphorylation
Authors: Güller Meryem C. , André Jocelyne , Legrand Agnès , Setterblad Niclas , Mauviel Alain , Verrecchia Franck , Daniel Fanny , Bernuau Dominique 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTransforming growth factor β (TGF‐β) exerts an important role in the late steps of carcinogenesis by cooperating with Ras to induce cell motility and tumor invasion. The transcription complex AP‐1 has been implicated in the regulation of genes involved in motility and invasion, by mechanisms not yet delineated. We utilized a model of immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) overexpressing c‐Fos (IHH‐Fos) or not (IHH‐C) to investigate the role of c‐Fos on cell motility in response to a prolonged treatment with TGF‐β, EGF or a combination of both. Cotreatment with EGF and TGF‐β, but neither cytokine alone, induced the conversion of hepatocytes to a fibroblastoid phenotype and increased their motility in Boyden chambers. EGF/TGF‐β cotreatment induced a higher effect on ERK phosphorylation compared to TGF‐β treatment alone. It also induced an increase in total and phosphorylated Ser178 paxillin, a protein previously implicated in cell motility. This response was inhibited by two specific MEK inhibitors, indicating the involvement of the ERK pathway in paxillin activation. Overexpression of c‐Fos correlated with increased cell scattering and motility, higher levels of ERK activation and phospho Ser178 paxillin, increased levels of EGF receptor (EGF‐R) mRNA and higher EGF‐R phosphorylation levels following EGF/TGF‐β cotreatment. Conversely, siRNA‐mediated invalidation of c‐Fos delayed the appearance of fibroblastoid cells, decreased EGF‐R mRNA and downregulated ERK and Ser178 paxillin phosphorylations, indicating that c‐Fos activates hepatocyte motility through an EGF‐R/ERK/paxillin pathway. Since c‐Fos is frequently overexpressed in hepatocarcinomas, this newly identified mechanism might be involved in the progression of hepatic tumors in vivo. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of motor pathways in corticobasal syndrome detected by diffusion tensor tractography
Authors: Boelmans Kai , Kaufmann Jörn , Bodammer Nils , Ebersbach Georg , Behlau Guido , Heinze Hans‐Jochen , Niehaus Ludwig 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCorticobasal syndrome (CBS) is a progressive parkinsonian disease characterized by cortical and subcortical neuronal loss. Although motor disabilities are a core feature of CBS, the involvement of motor pathways in this condition has not been completely clarified. We used magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to study corticospinal and transcallosal motor projections in CBS, and applied fiber tractography to analyze the axonal integrity of white matter projections. Ten patients with CBS were compared with 10 age‐matched healthy controls. Fiber tracts were computed using a Monte‐Carlo simulation approach. Tract‐specific mean values of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and fractional anisotropy (FA) were determined. CBS patients showed a reduction of corticospinal tract (CST) fibers on the first affected side with significantly increased ADC and reduced FA values. In the corpus callosum (CC), particularly in the posterior trunk, patients also had significantly reduced fiber projections, with a higher ADC and lower FA than controls. This pattern indicates changes of the white matter integrity in both CST and CC. Thus, magnetic resonance DTI can be used to assess motor pathway involvement in CBS patients. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
The clinical impression of severity index for Parkinson's disease: International validation study
Authors: Martínez‐Martín Pablo , Rodríguez‐Blázquez Carmen , Forjaz Maria João , de Pedro Jesús 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis study sought to provide further information about the psychometric properties of the Clinical Impression of Severity Index for Parkinson's Disease (CISI‐PD), in a large, international, cross‐culturally diverse sample. Six hundred and fourteen patients with PD participated in the study. Apart from the CISI‐PD, assessments were based on Hoehn & Yahr (HY) staging, the Scales for Outcomes in PD‐Motor (SCOPA‐M), ‐Cognition (SCOPA‐COG) and ‐Psychosocial (SCOPA‐PS), the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale‐Geriatrics, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The total CISI‐PD score displayed no floor or ceiling effects. Internal consistency was 0.81, the test–retest intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.84, and item homogeneity was 0.52. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis (CFI = 0.99, RMSEA = 0.07) confirmed CISI‐PD's unifactorial structure. The CISI‐PD showed adequate convergent validity with SCOPA‐COG and SCOPA‐M (rS = 0.46–0.85, respectively) and discriminative validity for HY stages and disease duration (P < 0.0001). In a multiple regression model, main CISI‐PD predictors were SCOPA‐M, disease duration, and depression. The results obtained were not only comparable to but also extended those yielded by the preliminary validation study, thus showing that the CISI‐PD is a valid instrument to measure clinical impression of severity in PD. Its simplicity and easy application make it an attractive and useful tool for clinical practice and research. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Bladder sensations during filling cystometry are different according to urodynamic diagnosis
Authors: Digesu G. Alessandro , Basra Ramandeep , Khullar Vik , Hendricken Caroline , Camarata Michelle , Kelleher Con 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine the position and character of bladder filling sensations in women undergoing urodynamic investigations.Materials and MethodsWomen with lower urinary tract symptoms referred to urodynamic clinics of two tertiary referral teaching hospitals were prospectively studied. During filling cystometry the women were asked to describe the bladder sensations at the first sensation of bladder filling, first desire to void, strong desire to void, maximum bladder capacity and if the woman felt urgency. Women were also asked to define the time that the voiding could be delayed and to indicate the position of each sensation on a body map. Women were classified into four groups according to urodynamic diagnosis: detrusor overactivity (DO), urodynamic stress incontinence (USI), co‐existing DO and USI (mixed) and inconclusive urodynamics; the latter was excluded from the study. Bladder sensations were compared between these groups using Chi squared and Kruskall–Wallis tests.ResultsEighty‐two women were studied. Women with DO and mixed urodynamic diagnosis predominantly described the bladder sensations as being perineal or vaginal in origin, whereas those with USI felt the sensations suprapubically. The character of bladder sensation was not significantly different between the diagnostic groups and the intensity increased with larger bladder volume. The duration that women could delay voiding was significantly different between different urodynamic groups.ConclusionsBladder sensations experienced during cystometry are different in position and duration in relation to urodynamic diagnoses. This indicates that uniform descriptions of sensations during filling cystometry might not be appropriate to different urodynamic diagnoses. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:191–196, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of urodynamic based incontinence diagnosis on quality of life in women
Authors: Haessler Alexandra L. , Nguyen John N. , Bhatia Narender N. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAimsTo characterize the effect of urodynamic diagnosis on degree of incontinence related bother and health related quality of life in a large, multi‐ethnic population of women.MethodsEffects of multichannel urodynamic diagnosis, urethral competency, and other patient characteristics on abbreviated Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ7) composite scores were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsSix hundred eleven patients were included. Mean UDI6 and IIQ7 scores were significantly higher among patients with mixed incontinence, detrusor overactivity, urinary stress incontinence with overactive bladder, and negative studies compared to those with stress incontinence without OAB. The relative composite UDI6 and IIQ7 mean scores did not significantly differ between the mixed incontinence, detrusor overactivity, stress incontinence with OAB and negative study groups. UDI6 and IIQ7 scores were significantly higher among stress incontinent patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency, but similar among mixed incontinent patients with intrinsic sphincter deficiency.ConclusionUrodynamic diagnoses of detrusor overactivity, mixed incontinence, and stress incontinence with overactive bladder are associated with significantly worse incontinence related bother and health related quality of life when compared to those with stress incontinence without OAB. These conditions appear to have similar degree of impact on incontinence related bother and quality of life. Patients presenting with symptoms of incontinence can suffer a similar compromise in quality of life despite a negative MCUD study. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:183–187, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cournot model with investments to change the market size
Authors: Pinto Alberto A. , Ferreira Fernanda A. , Ferreira Miguel , Oliveira Bruno M.P.M. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe present a new deterministic dynamical model on the market size of Cournot competitions, based on Nash equilibria of R&D investment strategies to increase the size of the market of the firms at every period of the game. We compute the unique Nash equilibrium for the second subgame and the profit functions for both firms. Adding uncertainty to the R&D investment strategies, we get a new stochastic dynamical model and we analyse the importance of the uncertainty to reverse the initial advantage of one firm with respect to the other. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stretching fields and lines in the transport dynamics of the Western Mediterranean
Authors: Hernández‐García E. , d'Ovidio F. , Fernández V. , García‐Ladona E. , Isern‐Fontanet J. , López C. , Mancho A.M. , Small D. , Wiggins S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe summarize recent work on the location of Lagrangian structures in velocity fields obtained from realistic simulations and from satellite altimetry of the surface layers of the Mediterranean sea. Finite‐size Lyapunov exponents are found to be useful quantities to characterize stretching and compressing structures, and their implications for mixing. Direct calculation of hyperbolic points and their stable and unstable manifolds identifies ocean structures, and allows the use of the tools of lobe dynamics to characterize fluid transport. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An elastic beam approach to predictive vehicle motion planning
Authors: Hirsch Karina , Brandt Thorsten 
Published: October 2008

AbstractVehicle guidance systems are among the latest automotive developments. Examples are Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), lane departure warning and active lane keeping. However, the rapid development of environmental sensor systems such as radar, lidar and video technologies in combination with data fusion of the single sensor signals enables further applications as for example lane changing assistance, collision avoidance or even autonomous driving.For all of these functions, trajectories have to be planned and, depending on the application, to be communicated to the driver. Recently, methods originally developed in robotics as for example so‐called elastic bands are adapted for road vehicle applications. Here an virtual elastic beam is proposed to guide the vehicle. The beam is deflected by virtual potential fields generated by obstacles in the traffic space. In doing so, the elastic beam avoids obstacles and provides collision‐free trajectories, while its bending stiffness counteracts the curvature of the trajectory. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)