bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human radiological safety assessment for petawatt laser-driven ion acceleration experiments in CLAPA-T
Authors: Zhang Xiaopeng , Zhao Jiarui , Xu Shengxuan , Chen Xun , Gao Ying , Chen Shiyou , Zhu Kun , Yan Xueqing , Ma Wenjun 
Published: April 2024

The newly built Compact Laser Plasma Accelerator–Therapy facility at Peking University will deliver 60 J/1 Hz laser pulses with 30 fs duration. Driven by this petawatt laser facility, proton beams with energy up to 200 MeV are expected to be generated for tumor therapy. During high-repetition operation, both prompt radiation and residual radiation may cause safety problems. Therefore, human radiological safety assessment before commissioning is essential. In this paper, we simulate both prompt and residual radiation using the Geant4 and FLUKA Monte Carlo codes with reasonable proton and as-produced electron beam parameters. We find that the prompt radiation can be shielded well by the concrete wall of the experimental hall, but the risk from residual radiation is nonnegligible and necessitates adequate radiation cooling. On the basis of the simulation results, we discuss the constraints imposed by radiation safety considerations on the annual working time, and we propose radiation cooling strategies for different shooting modes.
Plasmonic effect of metal nanoparticles on the photocatalytic properties of TiO2/rGO composite
Authors: Seliverstova Evgeniya , Serikov Timur , Nuraje Nurxat , Ibrayev Niyazbek , Sadykova Aigul , Amze Magzhan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A comparative study of the plasmon effect of Ag and Au nanoparticles on TiO2/rGO nanocomposite was carried out. The synthesis of Au and Ag nanoparticles was carried out by laser ablation. The morphology and structure of the nanocomposites were studied by EDA, HRTEM, XRD and Raman spectroscopy. It was shown that the absorption capacity of the nanocomposite material was increased in the visible range of the spectrum when Ag and Au nanoparticles were added to TiO2/rGO. This leads to an increase in their photocatalytic activity. The photocurrent generated by NC/Au 10−11 films is in 3.8 times and NC/Ag 10−12 is in 2 times higher compared to pure TiO2/rGO film. Similar results were obtained from experimental data on the dyes photodegradation. In the presence of plasmon nanoparticles a significant enhancement in the electrical properties of the TiO2/rGO nanocomposite was recorded. The charge carrier transfer resistance in nanocomposites was decreased by almost ∼7 times for NC/Au,10−11 and ∼4 times for NC/Ag,10−12 films compared to pure TiO2/rGO. In addition, for nanocomposites with Ag or Au nanoparticles, a decrease in the effective electron lifetime was observed. The data obtained allow us to conclude that plasmonic NPs have a synergistic effect in TiO2/rGO nanocomposites, which consists in modifying both their light-harvesting properties and charge-transport characteristics. The results obtained can be used for the design of materials with improved photocatalytic and optoelectronic characteristics.
Growth of curvature and perimeter of temperature patches in the 2D Boussinesq equations
Authors: Park Jaemin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this paper, we construct an example of temperature patch solutions for the two-dimensional, incompressible Boussinesq system with kinematic viscosity such that both the curvature and perimeter grow to infinity over time. The presented example consists of two disjoint, simply connected patches. The rates of growth for both curvature and perimeter in this example are at least algebraic.
Innovative flight control explanation and demonstration: bridging theory and practice in secondary education
Authors: Wei Yajun , Chen Xiaotong , Luo Wanrong , Zou Qingsong , Zhang Xiaopan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
How do airplanes turn, pitch, and roll? This fundamental question about airplane control captivates many pupils. Offering a comprehensible explanation to secondary school students is challenging due to the complex nature of fluid dynamics and mechanics. In this paper, we provide an accessible explanation of flight control principles, supported by carefully designed illustrations. Furthermore, we address the gap in educational resources by introducing a novel indoor demonstration apparatus. This design employs universal joints and remote-controlled model airplanes to visually demonstrate the principles of airplane control, particularly focusing on the maneuvers of turning, pitching, and rolling. This method is cost-effective, straightforward to implement, and offers students and aviation enthusiasts a highly intuitive and engaging learning experience.
Acoustic testing of the inverse-square law using the infrared signal of a remote control
Authors: Marín-Sepúlveda Camila F , Ortuño-Molina Santiago , Castro-Palacio Juan C , Monsoriu Juan A 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this work, the inverse-square law has been tested for the electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range. As a point-source, a TV remote control has been used. The intensities registered by a solar cell plugged to a speaker have been measured acoustically by recording the sound produced by the infrared pulses. The recorded audio is edited to find the intensities for different distances between the remote control and the solar cell. The results were fitted with a parametric function of the intensity inversely proportional to the distance square. A very good agreement was achieved.
How quickly does FLASH need to be delivered? A theoretical study of radiolytic oxygen depletion kinetics in tissues
Authors: Taylor Edward , Létourneau Daniel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose. Radiation delivered over ultra-short timescales (‘FLASH’ radiotherapy) leads to a reduction in normal tissue toxicities for a range of tissues in the preclinical setting. Experiments have shown this reduction occurs for total delivery times less than a ‘critical’ time that varies by two orders of magnitude between brain (∼0.3 s) and skin (⪆10 s), and three orders of magnitude across different bowel experiments, from ∼0.01 to ⪆(1–10) s. Understanding the factors responsible for this broad variation may be important for translation of FLASH into the clinic and understanding the mechanisms behind FLASH. Methods. Assuming radiolytic oxygen depletion (ROD) to be the primary driver of FLASH effects, oxygen diffusion, consumption, and ROD were evaluated numerically for simulated tissues with pseudorandom vasculatures for a range of radiation delivery times, capillary densities, and oxygen consumption rates (OCR’s). The resulting time-dependent oxygen partial pressure distribution histograms were used to estimate cell survival in these tissues using the linear quadratic model, modified to incorporate oxygen-enhancement ratio effects. Results. Independent of the capillary density, there was a substantial increase in predicted cell survival when the total delivery time was less than the capillary oxygen tension (mmHg) divided by the OCR (expressed in units of mmHg/s), setting the critical delivery time for FLASH in simulated tissues. Using literature OCR values for different normal tissues, the predicted range of critical delivery times agreed well with experimental values for skin and brain and, modifying our model to allow for fluctuating perfusion, bowel. Conclusions. The broad three-orders-of-magnitude variation in critical irradiation delivery times observed in in vivo preclinical experiments can be accounted for by the ROD hypothesis and differences in the OCR amongst simulated normal tissues. Characterization of these may help guide future experiments and open the door to optimized tissue-specific clinical protocols.
Intrinsic rotation modulation by diffusive neutral particles in tokamaks
Authors: Brzozowski III R W , Stoltzfus-Dueck T 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The modulated transport model, a model kinetic ion transport equation for the pedestal and scrape-off layer (SOL), is generalized to self-consistently include effects of a single neutral particle species. The neutrals contribute additional transport terms, modifying the

v

∥

-dependent orbit-averaged ion diffusivities of the original work and the resulting predicted intrinsic rotation of the ions. After making simplifying assumptions of the neutral transport, in particular taking the continuous transport limit via a short charge-exchange step expansion, we derive relatively simple analytic expressions that capture the diffusive neutral physics. Within the scope of the model’s validity, the neutral-driven intrinsic rotation can compete with the turbulence-driven intrinsic rotation. However, for physically motivated parameters, the neutral-driven intrinsic rotation appears negligible, either on a term-by-term basis or due to a strong cancellation between the neutral-driven momentum diffusion and pinch terms. It appears that a treatment containing finite charge-exchange steps is necessary to capture neutral transport of strong flow momentum into the confined region from the SOL.
Static performance prediction of long-pulse negative ion based neutral beam injection experiment
Authors: Li Yang , Hu Chundong , Zhao Yuanzhe , Gu Yu , Cui Qinglong , Xie Yahong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The mission of negative ion-based neutral beam injection (NNBI) is to conduct experiments with pulses lasting thousands of seconds. It is crucial to develop a simplified physical calculation model for the long-pulse negative ion source in the current NNBI device. This model will be used to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of the selected parameters prior to the experiment, and to assist in adjusting and establishing the experimental parameters for the long-pulse ion source experiment. This paper presents the development of a static performance prediction model using a back propagation neural network. The model assesses the yield of negative hydrogen ions and the quantity of electrons in the ion source under specific parameter conditions, utilizing various experimental parameters as input. The experimental data used for this model are derived from historical data generated during the operation of the 2022 NNBI experiment. The test results indicate that under the current optimal hyperparameter condition, the prediction accuracy of H− ion current (I_H−) is 80.84%, and the prediction accuracy of extraction grid electronic current (I_EG) is 77.57%. This can effectively prevent invalid shots, accurately assess the advantages and disadvantages of the input parameters, and enhance the performance of the long-pulse NNBI device.
On double-layer and reverse discharge creation during long positive voltage pulses in a bipolar HiPIMS discharge
Authors: Pajdarová A D , Kozák T , Tölg T , Čapek J 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Time-resolved Langmuir probe diagnostics at the discharge centerline and at three distances from the target (

35

mm

,

60

mm

, and

100

mm

) was carried out during long positive voltage pulses (a duration of

500

μ
s

and a preset positive voltage of

100

V

) in bipolar high-power impulse magnetron sputtering of a Ti target (a diameter of

100

mm

) using an unbalanced magnetron. Fast-camera spectroscopy imaging recorded light emission from Ar and Ti atoms and singly charged ions during positive voltage pulses. It was found that during the long positive voltage pulse, the floating and the plasma potentials suddenly decrease, which is accompanied by the presence of anode light located on the discharge centerline between the target center and the magnetic null of the magnetron’s magnetic field. These light patterns are related to the ignition of a reverse discharge, which leads to the subsequent rise in the plasma and the floating potentials. The reversed discharge is burning up to the end of the positive voltage pulse, but the plasma and floating potentials have lower values than the values from the initial part of the positive voltage pulse. Secondary electron emission induced by the impinging Ar+ ions to the grounded surfaces in the vicinity of the discharge plasma together with the mirror configuration of the magnetron magnetic field are identified as the probable causes of the charge double-layer structure formation in front of the target and the ignition of the reverse discharge.
The Kondo scaling for spin thermocurrent in strongly correlated electron systems
Authors: Li ZhenHua , Zeng YuRong , Cheng YongXi , Zheng Xiao , Wei JianHua , Luo Hong-Gang , Yan YiJing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
One of the most important feature in the Kondo physics is the universal scaling behavior. In this study, we analyze the transport behavior of the spin thermocurrent driven by a small temperature bias and under a weak magnetic field. We conclude that the spin thermocurrent exhibits a universal scaling behavior, similar to the spin susceptibility. The validity of our conclusion is also checked by using the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion approach. From our fitting result of the scaling function, it is found that the Kondo temperature can be determined by the maximum of the spin thermocurrent at

T

/

T
K

=
0.383

.
A minimalist approach to 3D photoemission orbital tomography: algorithms and data requirements
Authors: Dinh Thi Lan , Jansen G S Matthijs , Luke D Russell , Bennecke Wiebke , Mathias Stefan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Photoemission orbital tomography provides direct access from laboratory measurements to the real-space molecular orbitals of well-ordered organic semiconductor layers. Specifically, the application of phase retrieval algorithms to photon-energy- and angle-resolved photoemission data enables the direct reconstruction of full 3D molecular orbitals without the need for simulations using density functional theory or the like. However, until now this procedure has remained challenging due to the need for densely-sampled, well-calibrated 3D photoemission patterns. Here, we present an iterative projection algorithm that completely eliminates this challenge: for the benchmark case of the pentacene frontier orbitals, we demonstrate the reconstruction of the full orbital based on a dataset containing only four simulated photoemission momentum measurements. We discuss the algorithm performance, sampling requirements with respect to the photon energy, optimal measurement strategies, and the accuracy of orbital images that can be achieved.
A view of solitary wave solutions to the fractional DNA Peyrard-Bishop equation via a new approach
Authors: Özkan Ayten 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In this study, the fractional impacts of the beta derivative and M-truncated derivative are examined on the DNA Peyrard-Bishop dynamic model equation. To obtain solitary wave solutions for the model, the Sardar sub-equation approach is utilized. For a stronger comprehension of the model, the acquired solutions are graphically illustrated together with the fractional impacts of the beta and M-truncated derivatives. In addition to being simple and not needing any complicated computations, the approach has the benefit of getting accurate results.
Robust 3D coordinate transformation based on genetic algorithm intelligent weighting
Authors: Zhang QiuYu , He XiaoYe , Wang Wei , Wu EnChen , Li Xiao , Ding Ting 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn order to improve the solution quality of 3D coordinate transformation parameters, a robust optimization model is obtained by integrating the 3D coordinate transformation model within the overall framework of the genetic algorithm in this paper. The minimum of the weighted sum of squares of the point residuals of the common points is taken as the objective function for optimization, and the parallel search is started from the initial population, and the updating process of the solution set is used to generate new and better individuals, and the adaptive weight combination corresponding to the optimum of the fitness function is obtained at the end of the generation iteration. The generated simulated data and measured data were analyzed using the Hefei Light Source tunnel control network as an application scenario. The results show that the method in this paper can automatically reduce the influence of low-quality data on the model, and compared with the two robust conversion models of IGG III iterative weighting, the method in this paper is not affected by the empirical parameters in determining the weight combinations and the weighted sum of squares of the residuals of the solved points are smaller, so it can effectively improve the quality of the solved conversion parameters.
Adaptive residual convolutional neural network for compressive strength prediction of energetic materials using SEM images
Authors: Song Lei , Yin Aijun , Chen Shuhui , Long Zhendong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The microstructure of materials has a great influence on the macroscopic mechanical properties of materials, and the relationship between them is of great significance to the design of materials. With the development of artificial intelligence and deep learning, many researchers have used convolutional neural networks (CNN) to correlate microscopic images with material properties, and achieved good results. However, for different types of material performance prediction tasks and datasets of different sizes, researchers need to design a special CNN network structure, and the adjustment steps of network structure parameters are cumbersome and time consuming. In this paper, an adaptive residual convolutional neural network with variable depth and width is proposed. We take the prediction error of the test dataset of the specific material performance prediction task as the evaluation index, and adaptively adjusts the network structure based on simulated annealing algorithm to find the best network structure. Finally, it is verified on the dataset composed of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and compressive strength of polymer explosive materials. Mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of our model is 1.3% and the goodness of fit

(
R

2

) is 0.943. Further, we use Grad-CAM to explore the correlation between material microstructure and material properties.
On the data assimilation of initial distribution for 2-dimensional shallow-water equation model
Authors: Zhang Hui , Liu Jijun 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The utilization of data assimilation (DA) techniques is prevalent in marine meteorology for the purpose of estimating the complete state of the system. This is done to address the practical limitations associated with measurement data, which can only be specified at finite number of discrete points within a limited domain. We develop an efficient DA algorithm to reconstruct the initial state of the shallow-water equations (SWE) within a 2-dimensional rectangular domain using sparse spatial measurement data. Our algorithm takes into account both the complete Coriolis force and the ocean bottom topography in the SWE model, resulting in accurate recovery of the initial status. After establishing the uniqueness of the solution to the nonlinear SWE with appropriate boundary conditions, we proceed to establish the conservation laws for the suitably defined energy quantity for this traveling wave system. This generalization of the known conservation laws for the simplified SWE system which ignores the Coriolis force and topography, allows us to reveal the influence of nonconstant sea floor topography on wave propagation. In order to restore the initial state through the minimization of a cost functional using DA techniques, we proceed by deriving the adjoint problem for our iteration process. Additionally, we establish a discrete scheme for the governing equations in the Arakawa C-grid framework, from which we rigorously derive the error associated with energy conservation in discrete form. The numerical implementations are also provided to validate our proposed scheme through the verification of energy conservation and the reconstruction effect of the initial state for various configurations.
Traveling wave solution for a nonlocal Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction-diffusion system
Authors: Chang Meng-Xue , Han Bang-Sheng , Yang Han 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We consider a Belousov-Zhabotinskii reaction-diffusion system with nonlocal effects and study the existence of traveling wave solutions. By constructing appropriate super- and sub-solutions and using Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we show that there is a critical speed c
* > 0 such that when the wave speed c > c
*, there exists a traveling wave solution connecting (0, 0) to a positive steady-state, while there is no traveling wave solution when c < c
*. Moreover, we also examine a special case where ϕ
1(x) is the Dirac function, and demonstrate the existence of the traveling wave solution connecting the equilibria (0, 0) and (1, 1) for c > c
*, whereas the traveling wave solution does not exist when c < c
*. Finally, the long-time behavior of the solution is investigated through numerical simulation and theoretical analysis, and it is found that the choice of kernel functions and the setting of initial value conditions play a crucial role.
Effect of annealing on the electrical resistivity of Kondo lattice CeRh2Ga2
Authors: Anand V K , Adroja D T , Aarti  , Bhattacharyya A , Lake B 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
CeRh2Ga2, which crystallizes in CaBe2Ge2-type primitive tetragonal structure (space group P4/nmm), is known to exhibit Kondo lattice heavy fermion behavior and is proposed to be a potential candidate for Weyl-Kondo semimetal phase. Here we examine the effect of annealing, particularly on the electrical resistivity of polycrystalline CeRh2Ga2. A comparative study of the powder x-ray diffraction (XRD), magnetic susceptibility χ(T), heat capacity C
p(T) and electrical resistivity ρ(T) data of both as-arc-melted and annealed CeRh2Ga2 samples are presented. The XRD patterns of both as-arc-melted and annealed samples look similar. No marked effect of annealing could be clearly seen in the temperature dependences of χ and C
p data. However, the effect of annealing is clearly manifested in the T dependence of ρ, particlularly at low temperatures. At low-T the ρ(T) data of as-arc-melted CeRh2Ga2 follow a T
2 temperature dependence (Fermi-liquid feature), whereas the ρ(T) data of annealed CeRh2Ga2 exhibit an upturn (semimetal-like feature).
Theoretical triple differential cross sections for ionization of N
2 and CH
4 molecules by electron impact
Authors: Mondal M , Mandal B , Haque A , Purkait K , Purkait M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
We present the angular distribution of electron emission by calculating the triple differential cross sections for (e, 2e) process on N
2 and CH
4 by using the three-body formalism of molecular first Born approximation (MFBA), two-Coulomb wave (M2CW), and three-Coulomb wave (M3CW) models, respectively. In these models, a Coulomb distorted wave is considered for the motion of the incident electron. We have considered the continuum-continuum correlation effect by choosing the final state as the three-Coulomb and two-Coulomb wave functions in M3CW and M2CW models, whereas the ejected electron is affected by a single centre field of the target in the MFBA model. In the M2CW model, the interaction between scattered electron-residual target ion has been described as a plane wave. The distinguishing feature among the three models has been noted in the TDCS as a strong binary peak with and without a recoil peak for several electron emission energies at fixed scattering angle. In the case of N
2 molecule, the TDCS shows oscillatory behaviour with the variation of the electron emission angle. The positions of the binary peak obtained by our theoretical models are well established by the experimental findings, but a large deviation is found in the region of the recoil peak. The contributions of TDCS for different molecular orbitals of the molecules to the spectrum of angular distributions at different electron emission energies have also been analyzed. Finally, a comparison is made with the measurement in coplanar asymmetry geometry. Overall, good agreement was found between experiments and M3CW theory.