bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A field‐based assessment of oxygen supply to incubating Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) embryos
Authors: Greig Stuart , Sear David , Carling Paul 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOxygen fluxes through artificially created salmon redds within four UK rivers were quantified and assessed against survival to hatching of Atlantic salmon embryos. All sites recorded high spatial variability in survival. Minimum survival to hatching was zero at all sites. Maximum survival to hatching ranged from 35% to 91%. Mean survival to hatching ranged from 8·7% to 71%.Intra‐ and inter‐site variations in rates of oxygen supply were observed. Generally, interstitial dissolved oxygen concentrations declined over the incubation period from a maximum recorded directly after redd creation, although localized fluctuations were recorded. Similarly, interstitial flow velocities declined over the incubation period from a maximum directly after redd creation to a minimum at hatching. With respect to the causes of embryo mortalities, oxygen supply was shown to be a stronger determinant of survival than interstitial oxygen concentration or interstitial flow velocity.To improve delineation of potential causes of embryo mortalities in the field, the statistical analysis was integrated within mass transfer theory of the processes controlling respiration to determine the likely mechanisms inhibiting respiration. Based on this analysis, mortalities were assessed to have resulted from periods of lethal oxygen concentrations, from periods of interstitial flow velocities that were insufficient to remove metabolic waste, or from combinations of oxygen concentration and interstitial flow that did not support respiratory requirements. A set of oxygen‐supply‐related thresholds for assessing incubation habitat quality are proposed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of groundwater residence times during bank filtration in Berlin: a multi‐tracer approach
Authors: Massmann Gudrun , Sültenfuß Jürgen , Dünnbier Uwe , Knappe Andrea , Taute Thomas , Pekdeger Asaf 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBerlin relies on induced bank filtration from a broad‐scale, lake‐type surface water system. Because the surface water contains treated sewage, wastewater residues are present in surface water and groundwater. Multiple environmental tracers, including tritium and helium isotopes (3H, 3He, 4He), stable isotopes (δ18O and δ2H) and a number of persistent sewage indicators, such as chloride, boron and a selection of pharmaceutical residues (phenazone‐type analgesics and their metabolites, carbamazepine and anthropogenic gadolinium, Gdexcess), were used to estimate travel times from the surface water to individual production and observation wells at two sites. The study revealed a strong vertical age stratification throughout the upper aquifer, with travel times varying from a few months to several decades in greater depth. Whereas the shallow bank filtrate is characterized by the reflection of the time‐variant tracer input concentrations and young 3H/3He ages, the deeper, older bank filtrate displays no tracer seasonality, 3H/3He ages of a few years to decades and strongly deviating concentrations of several pharmaceutical residues, reflecting concentrations of the source surface water over time. The phenazone‐type pharmaceuticals persist in the aquatic environments for decades. Bank filtration in Berlin is only possible at the sandy lakeshores. In greater water depth, impermeable lacustrine sapropels inhibit infiltration. The young bank filtrate originates from the nearest shore, whereas the older bank filtrate infiltrates at more distant shores. This paper illustrates the importance of using multiple tracer methods, capable of resolving a broad range of residence times, to gain a comprehensive understanding of time‐scales and infiltration characteristics in a bank filtration system. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trends of precipitation in Beijiang River Basin, Guangdong Province, China
Authors: Luo Yan , Liu Shen , Fu ShengLei , Liu Jingshi , Wang Guoqin , Zhou Guoyi 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAn analysis of spatial and temporal trends of precipitation in Beijiang River basin, Guangdong Province, China during 1959–2003 was performed using 17 time series (including monthly, annual, wet season, dry season, early flood period and late flood period totals) both on station based and sub‐basin based data sets. Two nonparametric methods (Mann–Kendall and Sen's T) were used for data analysis. The results showed that (1) downward trends of temporal distribution were mostly detected during the early flood period, especially in May, while upward trends were observed in July and the dry season; (2) downward trends of spatial distribution were mostly detected in the southern Beijiang River basin, while upward trends were observed north of this area. Our results indicated a delayed rainy season and a northward trend of the precipitation belt compared to recent years. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some infinite families of large sets of Kirkman triple systems
Authors: Yuan Landang , Kang Qingde 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA large set of Kirkman triple systems of order v, denoted by LKTS(v), is a collection {(X, Bi) : 1 ≤ i ≤ v − 2}, where every (X,Bi) is a KTS(v) and all Bi form a partition of all triples on X. Many researchers have studied the existence of LKTS(v) for a long time. In [13], the author introduced a concept—large set of generalized Kirkman systems (LGKS), which plays an important role in the discussion of LKTS. In this article, we give a new construction for LGKS and obtain some new results of LKTS, that is, there exists an LKTS(6u + 3) for u = qn, where n ≥ 1, q ≡ 7 (mod 12) and q is a prime power. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 202–212, 2008
1‐rotational k‐factorizations of the complete graph and new solutions to the Oberwolfach problem
Authors: Buratti Marco , Rinaldi Gloria 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe consider k‐factorizations of the complete graph that are 1‐rotational under an assigned group G, namely that admit G as an automorphism group acting sharply transitively on all but one vertex. After proving that the k‐factors of such a factorization are pairwise isomorphic, we focus our attention to the special case of k = 2, a case in which we prove that the involutions of G necessarily form a unique conjugacy class. We completely characterize, in particular, the 2‐factorizations that are 1‐rotational under a dihedral group. Finally, we get infinite new classes of previously unknown solutions to the Oberwolfach problem via some direct and recursive constructions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 87–100, 2008
A non‐existence result on Cameron–Liebler line classes
Authors: De Beule J. , Hallez A. , Storme L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCameron–Liebler line classes are sets of lines in PG(3, q) that contain a fixed number x of lines of every spread. Cameron and Liebler classified Cameron–Liebler line classes for x ∈ {0, 1, 2, q2 − 1, q2, q2 + 1} and conjectured that no others exist. This conjecture was disproven by Drudge for q = 3 [8] and his counterexample was generalized to a counterexample for any odd q by Bruen and Drudge [4]. A counterexample for q even was found by Govaerts and Penttila [9]. Non‐existence results on Cameron–Liebler line classes were found for different values of x. In this article, we improve the non‐existence results on Cameron–Liebler line classes of Govaerts and Storme [11], for q not a prime. We prove the non‐existence of Cameron–Liebler line classes for 3 ≤ x < q/2. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 342–349, 2008
Two new infinite families of extremal class‐uniformly resolvable designs
Authors: Dinitz J.H. , Ling Alan C.H. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn 1991, Lamken et al. [7] introduced the notion of class‐uniformly resolvable designs, CURDs. These are resolvable pairwise balanced designs PBD(v, K, λ) in which given any two resolution classes C and C', for each k ∈ K the number of blocks of size k in C is equal to the number of blocks of size k in C'. Danzinger and Stevens showed that if a CURD has v points, then v ≤ (3p3)2 and v ≤  (p2)2 where pi denotes the number of blocks of size i for i = 2, 3. They then constructed an infinite class of extremal CURDs with v = (3p3)2 when p3 is odd and an infinite class with v = (p2)2 when p2 ≡ 2 (mod 6). In this note, we construct two new infinite families of extremal CURDs, when v = (3p3)2 for all p3 ≥ 1 and when v = (p2)2 with p2 ≡ 0 (mod 3) except possibly when p2 = 12. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 213–220, 2008
Designed electromagnetic pulsed therapy: Clinical applications
Authors: Gordon Glen A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFirst reduced to science by Maxwell in 1865, electromagnetic technology as therapy received little interest from basic scientists or clinicians until the 1980s. It now promises applications that include mitigation of inflammation (electrochemistry) and stimulation of classes of genes following onset of illness and injury (electrogenomics). The use of electromagnetism to stop inflammation and restore tissue seems a logical phenomenology, that is, stop the inflammation, then upregulate classes of restorative gene loci to initiate healing. Studies in the fields of MRI and NMR have aided the understanding of cell response to low energy EMF inputs via electromagnetically responsive elements. Understanding protein iterations, that is, how they process information to direct energy, we can maximize technology to aid restorative intervention, a promising step forward over current paradigms of therapy. J. Cell. Physiol. 212:579–582, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biological and Optical Properties of Fluorescent Nanoparticles Developed for Intravascular Imaging
Authors: Ravnic Dino J. , Zhang Yu‐Zhong , Turhan Aslihan , Tsuda Akira , Pratt Juan P. , Huss Harold T. , Mentzer Steven J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIntravascular tracers in the blood circulation can provide a description of the flow field over time and space. To address the limitations of existing intravascular tracers, we have developed fluorescent nanoparticles capable of providing detailed information regarding the intravascular flow field. The nanoparticles were designed to maximize plasma half‐life as well as minimize interactions with other blood components. The bioavailability of the particles in the blood circulation required nanoscale size and low surface charge density. Intravital imaging of nanoparticles in the microcirculation demonstrated that the fluorescence intensity of the nanoparticles was a major determinant of both temporal and spatial resolution of the flow field. We conclude that nanoparticles prepared with these physical and optical properties can provide an accurate description of the localized intravascular flow field. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A New Method for the Treatment of Sperm Samples for Ultrastructural Study Based on the Use of Animal Tissues as Biological Containers
Authors: Junquera Concepción , Colás Carmen , Martínez‐Ciriano Carmen , Serrano Pedro , Castiella Tomás , Cebrian‐Perez José Alvaro , Muiño‐Blanco Teresa 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe study of the ultrastructure of spematozoa by means of transmission electron microscopy often presents with problems of interpretation according to the method employed, depending on whether samples are either centrifuged previously to the fixation or immersed in viscous gels. The major problems of interpretation are: changes in the location of vesicles originated during the maturation process and modifications in the adsorption of seminal plasma proteins to the sperm membrane surface. The aim of our study is to communicate an original new method for the treatment of spermatozoa for ultrastructural study. Our method is based on the use of animal tissues as biological containers, inside which the spermatic suspensions are included. We developed this method using fresh sperm samples taken from mature Rasa aragonesa rams. As biological container, we used 2.5‐cm long segments of the intestine of 1‐week‐old chickens (Gallus gallus) (diameter around 4 mm). To avoid any influence of digestive enzymes of the mucosa on the sperm surface, we put each intestine fragment inside out by means of microdissection forceps under bifocal optical microscope and cold light. One of the edges was tied with thin suture silk. The sperm suspension was injected in the optimal experimental condition and amount. Finally, the still open edge of the intestine segment was tied with silk in the same way as the other segment edge. By using this technique, we can perform a suitable morphological study at an ultrastructural level. In addition, the functional relationship of the ultrastructural components of the target cells is correctly preserved. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Use of Er:YAG Laser for Cavity Preparation: An SEM Evaluation
Authors: Freitas Patricia Moreira , Navarro Ricardo Scarparo , Barros Juliana Almeida , Eduardo Carlos De Paula 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate morphological changes in cavities prepared by the Er:YAG laser (2.94 μm) at different parameters of irradiation and by a diamond bur. Experimental design: Cavities were prepared on 27 human molars (n = 3): G1, 15 Hz/160 mJ enamel/6 Hz/200 mJ dentin; G2, 15 Hz/180 mJ enamel/6 Hz/200 mJ dentin; G3, 15 Hz/160 mJ enamel/6 Hz/250 mJ dentin; G4, 15 Hz/180 mJ enamel/6 Hz/250 mJ dentin; G5, 15 Hz/180 mJ enamel/10 Hz/180 mJ dentin; G6, 15 Hz/160 mJ enamel/10 Hz/180 mJ dentin; G7, 15 Hz/160 mJ enamel/10 Hz/160 mJ dentin; G8, 15 Hz/180 mJ enamel/10 Hz/160 mJ dentin; G9, diamond bur. For SEM analysis, samples were fixed (2.5% glutaraldheyde, 12 h, 4°C), dehydrated (25–100% ethanol), dried, and sputter‐coated with gold. Results: Despite the changes on energy and repetition‐rate settings, all laser‐treated samples showed no evidence of thermal damage or signs of burning and melting. Er:YAG laser ablated dental hard tissues showed exposed enamel prisms, dentin surface without smear layer, and opened dentinal tubules. Conclusion: Different Er:YAG laser parameters were effective for ablation of hard tissues, creating an irregular and microretentive morphological pattern without hard tissue damage. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Ultrastructural Analyses of Mouse, Rabbit, and Human Platelets and Fibrin Networks
Authors: Pretorius E. , Humphries P. , Ekpo O.E. , Smit E. , van der Merwe C.F. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPlatelets and fibrin play an important role in the coagulation process, where they are involved in the maintenance of hemostasis. Fibrin dysfunction is associated with the development of vascular complications, while proneness to the formation of tight and rigid fibrin networks is independently associated with thrombotic disease. Here we investigate the ultrastructure of human, rabbit, and mouse platelets and fibrin networks, using the scanning electron microscope. Human and rabbit fibrin and platelets, with regards to morphology as well as size of major and minor fibers compare well with each other. However, mouse fibers are much thinner and form a flimsy branching network. Platelet aggregate morphology of all three species compare well with each other. We conclude that rabbit platelet and fibrin networks could be used successfully when studying the effect of pharmaceutical products in preclinical trials, when looking at the effects of these products on morphology and ultrastructure. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Morphology of Leaf Epidermis in Eight Populations of Atlas Pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf., Anacardiaceae)
Authors: Belhadj Safia , Derridj Arezki , Aigouy Thierry , Gers Charles , Gauquelin Thierry , Mevy Jean‐Philippe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA comparative analysis was undertaken to conduct a micromorphological study of Pistacia atlantica leaves by comparing different populations grown under different climatic conditions. Leaf epidermis of eight wild populations was investigated under scanning electron microscope. Micromorphological characteristics (epidermis ornament, stomata type, waxes as well as trichomes) of the adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces were examined. The epidermis ornament varied among populations and leaf surface, the abaxial leaf surface is reticulate with a striate surface. Messaad site shows a smooth uneven surface. The adaxial leaf surface is smooth but several ornamentations can be seen. The leaflet is amphistomatic; the stomata appeared to be slightly sunken. A variety of stomatal types were recorded; actinocytic and anomocytic types are the most frequent. The indumentum consisted of glandular and nonglandular trichomes. Unicellular glandular trichomes are recorded for P. atlantica leaves in this study. Their density is higher in Oued safene site, located at the highest altitude in comparison with the other populations. The wax occurred in all the sites and its pattern varied according to the populations studied, particularly between Berriane and Messaad. The morphological variability exhibited by the eight populations of P. atlantica may be interpreted as relevant to the ecological plasticity and the physiological mechanisms involved are discussed in this report. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel Sample Preparation Method of Polymer Emulsion for SEM Observation
Authors: Xu Jing , Hou Zhaosheng , Li Tianduo 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe aim of this study was to design a simple and reliable method for obtaining the detailed information about the average size, size distribution, and the surface morphology of particles with variation of the sample preparation of a polymer emulsion. In this work, the characteristic features of the particles of rosin size with high viscosity were first described by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphologies of polymer emulsion of solid lipid nanoparticles and of the microspheres were observed. The advantage of the method is that not only the true size and shape of emulsion particles can be shown, but the problem of high‐viscosity emulsion that prevents there study with SEM is solved. Using this new method, the micromorphology and size distribution of the emulsion particles with different viscosities have been clearly observed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mucin Coatings Suppress Neutrophil Adhesion to a Polymeric Model Biomaterial
Authors: Sandberg Tomas , Carlsson Jan , Ott Marjam Karlsson 
Published: June 2007

AbstractFollowing our recent study on the fractionation, characterization, and model adsorption of mucins derived from bovine salivary glands (BSM), porcine stomach scrapings (PGM), and human whole saliva (MG1), we here present a microscopic evaluation of the interactions between mucin‐coated substrates and human neutrophils. Our results show that surface‐coating with BSM, PGM, and MG1 can be effectively used to suppress the adhesion of neutrophils to a polymeric model biomaterial (Thermanox). Neutrophil morphologies found on Thermanox substrates coated with mucins resemble those observed for nonactivated neutrophils found in circulation. Notably, low neutrophil adhesion can be obtained at a significantly lower coating concentration (0.125 mg/mL) for the compositionally complex MG1 mucin than for the relatively pure BSM and PGM mucins (1 mg/mL). Furthermore, since coating at a low BSM and PGM concentration (0.25 mg/mL) results in higher cell counts and more spread cells than in the high‐concentration case, we suggest that dense mucin surface packing is critical for good coating performance. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates how mucins from three different sources, of different compositional and structural status, efficiently can be used to suppress neutrophil adhesion and activation. This finding makes them potent candidates for use as biomaterial coatings. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incubation temperature modifies neonatal thermoregulation in the lizard Anolis carolinensis
Authors: Goodman Rachel M. , Walguarnery Justin W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe thermal environment experienced during embryonic development can profoundly affect the phenotype, and potentially the fitness, of ectothermic animals. We examined the effect of incubation temperature on the thermal preferences of juveniles in the oviparous lizard, Anolis carolinensis. Temperature preference trials were conducted in a laboratory thermal gradient within 48 hr of hatching and after 22–27 days of maintenance in a common laboratory environment. Incubation temperature had a significant effect on the upper limit of the interquartile range (IQR) of temperatures selected by A. carolinensis within the first 2 days after hatching. Between the first and second trials, the IQR of selected temperatures decreased significantly and both the lower limit of the IQR and the median selected temperature increased significantly. This, along with a significant incubation temperature by time interaction in the upper limit of the IQR, resulted in a pattern of convergence in thermoregulation among treatment groups. The initial differences in selected temperatures, as well as the shift in selected temperatures between first and second trials, demonstrate plasticity in temperature selection. As a previous study failed to find environmentally induced plasticity in temperature selection in adult A. carolinensis, this study suggests that this type of plasticity is exclusive to the period of neonatal development. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:439–448, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Developmental and genetic mechanisms for evolutionary diversification of serial repeats: eyespot size in Bicyclus anynana butterflies
Authors: Beldade Patrícia , French Vernon , Brakefield Paul Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractSerially repeated pattern elements on butterfly wings offer the opportunity for integrating genetic, developmental, and functional aspects towards understanding morphological diversification and the evolution of individuality. We use captive populations of Bicyclus anynana butterflies, an emerging model in evolutionary developmental biology, to explore the genetic and developmental basis of compartmentalized changes in eyespot patterns. There is much variation for different aspects of eyespot morphology, and knowledge about the genetic pathways and developmental processes involved in eyespot formation. Also, despite the strong correlations across all eyespots in one butterfly, B. anynana shows great potential for independent changes in the size of individual eyespots. It is, however, unclear to what extent the genetic and developmental processes underlying eyespot formation change in a localized manner to enable such individualization. We use micromanipulations of developing wings to dissect the contribution of different components of eyespot development to quantitative differences in eyespot size on one wing surface. Reciprocal transplants of presumptive eyespot foci between artificial selection lines and controls suggest that while localized antagonistic changes in eyespot size rely mostly on localized changes in focal signal strength, concerted changes depend greatly on epidermal response sensitivities. This potentially reflects differences between the signal‐response components of eyespot formation in the degrees of compartmentalization and/or the temporal pattern of selection. We also report on the phenotypic analysis of a number of mutant stocks demonstrating how single alleles can affect different eyespots in concert or independently, and thus contribute to the individualization of serially repeated traits. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 310B:191–201, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.