bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Assessing Fungicide Efficacies for the Management of Fusarium Head Blight on Spring Wheat and Barley
Authors: Hollingsworth Charla R. , Motteberg Christopher D. , Assistant Research , Thompson W. Galen 
Published: May 2008

Small grains crop yield and quality losses resulting from Fusarium head blight (FHB) continue to threaten the economic sustainability of many small grains producers in Minnesota. Spring wheat breeders have made some progress in developing cultivars with moderate levels of disease resistance, but increased resistance in barley has not been achieved. Crop rotation and a timely application of fungicide remain the most important disease management strategies for managing the disease on both cropping species. Fungicide efficacy trials were conducted during 2003 and 2004 to compare the current industry standard (tebuconazole) efficacy with those of two experimental fungicides. Experimental products with active ingredients of metconazole or tebuconazole + prothioconazole significantly reduced percent FHB severity of spring wheat. Disease severity means with these experimentals averaged 28.5% less than tebuconazole, and percent visually scabby kernel means were 47% less with the experimentals compared with tebuconazole. Results were not as definitive for spring barley. Numerical trends from fungicide treatments were similar to those in spring wheat, but data were not statistically significant. These data indicate increased FHB management in Minnesota can be expected when experimental fungicides with active ingredients of metconazole or prothioconazole are registered for use on spring wheat by the EPA. The results for spring barley emphasize the urgency of achieving an effective disease management strategy for FHB and underscore the need for additional research on the disease in Upper Midwest states. Accepted for publication 29 May 2006. Published 6 September 2006.
The Establishment of a National Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education
Authors: Isard Scott A. , Russo Joseph M. , DeWolf Erick D. 
Published: May 2008

Many millions of US soybean acres that would have received at least one fungicide application remained untreated for soybean rust in 2005 due to information disseminated through the US Department of Agriculture Soybean Rust Information System website. The information provided by the system increased US producers' profits by between $11 and $299 million at a low cost of between $2.6 and $5 million (8). This savings and the positive environmental implications of not spraying millions of acres with fungicides demonstrates the value of a coordinated national pest management framework and stimulated the development of the 2006 Pest Information Platform for Extension and Education. Accepted for publication 26 June 2006. Published 15 September 2006.
Control of Strawberry Black Root Rot with Compost Socks
Authors: Millner P. D. , Wallace Henry A. 
Published: May 2008

Black root rot (BRR) can severely limit productivity in perennial, matted-row strawberry systems. In annual production systems, fumigation temporarily controls soilborne diseases. This report describes for the first time a novel, raised-bed growing method that uses 100% mature compost as an alternative to fumigation. Compost is pneumatically blown into flexible mesh tubes (“compost socks”) that lie directly on top of nonfumigated BRR-infested soil. Root health, plant growth, and yield of two cultivars, Chandler and Allstar, were evaluated after growth in compost socks, matted rows, and black plastic mulch at three locations in Maryland. Effects of a pre-plant soil drench with 20% vinegar were also examined. Results show that BRR symptoms were significantly reduced in all compost sock treatments, with or without vinegar, and that yields increased 16 to 32-times those observed in black plastic mulch or matted rows. In general, growth and yield of ‘Chandler’ surpassed that of ‘Allstar’ regardless of pre-plant vinegar and compost treatments. Vinegar alone was ineffective in preventing significant plant disease. Cotton-mesh compost socks readily decompose in soil eliminating the need for plastic removal. The compost sock system requires minimal equipment/supplies for startup, no fumigants, and is compatible with standard methods of weed management used in strawberry fields. Accepted for publication 2 June 2006. Published 16 October 2006.
Influence of Messenger on Corn Yield and Mycotoxin Contamination in Mississippi
Authors: Abbas Hamed K. , Bruns H. Arnold 
Published: May 2008

Harpin, a bacterial protein that elicits systemic acquired resistance increasing plant disease resistance in several species, is reported to enhance yield and quality of several crops including corn (Zea may L.). This experiment examined the effect of Harpin on corn yield, suppression of aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination, and Aspergillus colonization in corn grain. The experiment was conducted in 2002 and 2003 on two different soils at Stoneville, MS. Plots of a commercial corn hybrid were inoculated with Aspergillus flavus strain F3W4, formulated on autoclaved wheat (Triticum aestivum L) kernels, and applied to the soil surface at growth stages V5-V6 of the corn. Fusarium verticillioides was allowed to infect the grain naturally. Harpin was applied at a rate of 160 g/ha as a spray over the top of corn plants at growth stages V1 to V2 and again at V5 to V6. No differences in yield were observed nor did harpin have any effect on aflatoxin or fumonisin contamination. Aspergillus colonization was unaffected by harpin at one site and was lower than the untreated controls when applied at growth stages V1 to V2 at the other. Accepted for publication 20 July 2006. Published 16 October 2006.
Imazethapyr Rate Responses for Wild Radish, Conventional Canola, and Imidazolinone-tolerant Canola
Authors: Grey T. L. , Bridges D. C. , Raymer P. L. , Davis J. W. 
Published: May 2008

Greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine dose responses to imazethapyr for imidazolinone-tolerant canola (Brassica napus) Pioneer 45A71, conventional canola Oscar, and wild radish (Raphanus raphanistrum). Two weeks after treatment, foliar injury was rated and plants were harvested to determine plant dry weight. Plant responses to herbicide treatments were analyzed by nonlinear regression procedures using a modified Mitscherlich plant growth model for visual injury and the negative exponential growth function for plant dry weight. Pioneer 45A71 was tolerant of all rates of imazethapyr (0.055 to 0.60 g ai/liter). In contrast, wild radish and Oscar were sensitive to imazethapyr with significant injury and approximately 50% reduction in dry plant weight at rates of 0.275 g ai/liter and greater. For the model, increased injury from herbicide treatment resulted in significantly different asymptotic maximum (βo) injury for all plant types. The dry weight for the non-treated control was 1.3, 0.8, and 1.5 g/plant for wild radish, Pioneer 45A71, and Oscar, respectively. For the models, β1 parameters indicated significant differences in response to imazethapyr treatment between the Pioneer 45A71, wild radish, and Oscar dry weights. Accepted for publication 3 July 2006. Published 18 October 2006.
Pea Aphid Outbreaks and Virus Epidemics on Peas in the US Pacific Northwest: Histories, Mysteries, and Challenges
Authors: Clement Stephen L. 
Published: May 2008

This review documents the history of pea aphid outbreaks and epidemics of pea aphid-transmitted viruses on peas in the Pacific Northwest, with emphasis on outbreaks and epidemics in the Palouse region of eastern Washington over 23 years. This article will enable researchers and industry leaders to target resources to areas requiring more research for better understanding of pea aphid-host plant-virus relationships in the Pacific Northwest. Accepted for publication 3 August 2006. Published 18 October 2006.
First Report of Rhizoctonia Foliar Blight of Soybean in South Carolina
Authors: Williamson M. R. , Rothrock C. S. , Mueller J. D. 
Published: May 2008

Rhizoctonia foliar blight of soybean is found in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. In the US, it is found mainly in the states of the Gulf Coast region. On 13 September, 2005, the Clemson University Plant Problem Clinic received a soybean sample from Florence County, SC showing severe foliar blight. The cultivars Northrup King 7325 and 76-L9 were affected. Hyphae typical of Rhizoctonia species were observed on the foliar lesions, and the genus was confirmed by microscopic examination. Accepted for publication 7 August 2006. Published 30 October 2006.
Calendar and AU-Pnuts Advisory Programs Compared for Leaf Spot Diseases and Rust Control on Peanut in Southwest Alabama
Authors: Hagan A. K. , Campbell H. L. , Bowen K. L. , Pegues M. 
Published: May 2008

Peanut production acreage has increased substantially in southwest Alabama in the past several years. Since prevailing weather conditions in this newer production area are conducive to peanut diseases, primarily due to frequent rainfall during summer months, a 2-week calendar fungicide treatment schedule is considered essential to controlling leaf spot diseases and rust in order to optimize yields. In 2003, 2004, and 2005, extended calendar application intervals and the AU-Pnuts leaf spot advisory were compared with the recommended 2-week calendar schedule for peanut disease control on partially disease-resistant peanut cultivars (DP-1 in 2003 and Florida C99R in 2004 and 2005). Fungicide programs included recommended rates of azoxystrobin, chlorothalonil, and tebuconazole. Numbers of fungicide applications for the 2-, 3-, and 4-week calendar schedule treatments were 7, 5, and 4, respectively in each year. Fungicide applications made according to AU-Pnuts are based on rain events and resulted in 5 sprays in 2003 and 7 sprays in 2004 and 2005. Fungicide application schedule had a significant impact on leaf spots, rust, southern stem rot and yield in at least two of the three study years. Results indicate that recommendations for the 2-week fungicide application schedule should be maintained in this area. Fungicide program also had a consistent effect on measured variables, with the azoxystrobin program providing better disease control and higher yields. Accepted for publication 16 August 2006. Published 10 November 2006.
Lilium lancifolium is Discovered as a New Host of Botryosphaeria parva in Georgia
Authors: Woodward Jason E. , Gremillion Sara K. , Brock Jason H. , Kemerait Robert C. , Langston David B. , Williams-Woodward Jean L. 
Published: May 2008

A new disease on tiger lily (Lilium lancifolium Thunb.) was discovered in a residential settling in Georgia. Koch's postulate and molecular techniques confirmed that Botryosphaeria parva was the causal agent. This is the first report of B. parva on tiger lily. Accepted for publication 8 September 2006. Published 27 November 2006.
First Report of Powdery Mildew of Omphalodes cappadocica Caused by Golovinomyces cynoglossi (Erysiphe cynoglossi) in North America
Authors: Glawe Dean A. , Ammirati Joseph F. 
Published: May 2008

Omphalodes cappadocica DC (Boraginaceae) is grown as an ornamental plant in the USA. Powdery mildew was observed on specimen plants of O. cappadocica growing in a private garden in Seattle, WA in August 2006. This report describes and illustrates powdery mildew of O. cappadocica as well as taxonomically-important features of the causal organism. Accepted for publication 6 October 2006. Published 27 November 2006.
Galactinol and Raffinose Constitute a Novel Function to Protect Plants from Oxidative Damage
Authors: Nishizawa Ayako , Yabuta Yukinori , Shigeoka Shigeru 
Published: May 2008

AbstractGalactinol synthase (GolS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of raffinose family oligosaccharides that function as osmoprotectants in plant cells. In leaves of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants overexpressing heat shock transcription factor A2 (HsfA2), the transcription of GolS1, -2, and -4 and raffinose synthase 2 (RS2) was highly induced; thus, levels of galactinol and raffinose increased compared with those in wild-type plants under control growth conditions. In leaves of the wild-type plants, treatment with 50 μ m methylviologen (MV) increased the transcript levels of not only HsfA2, but also GolS1, -2, -3, -4, and -8 and RS2, -4, -5, and -6, the total activities of GolS isoenzymes, and the levels of galactinol and raffinose. GolS1- or GolS2-overexpressing Arabidopsis plants (Ox-GolS1-11, Ox-GolS2-8, and Ox-GolS2-29) had increased levels of galactinol and raffinose in the leaves compared with wild-type plants under control growth conditions. High intracellular levels of galactinol and raffinose in the transgenic plants were correlated with increased tolerance to MV treatment and salinity or chilling stress. Galactinol and raffinose effectively protected salicylate from attack by hydroxyl radicals in vitro. These findings suggest the possibility that galactinol and raffinose scavenge hydroxyl radicals as a novel function to protect plant cells from oxidative damage caused by MV treatment, salinity, or chilling.
On the predicted errors of atmospheric guidance laws
Authors: Jalali‐Naini S.H. , Pourtakdoust S.H. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a novel solution for the predicted error and introduces a systematic method to develop optimal and explicit guidance strategies for different missions.Design/methodology/approachThe predicted error is derived from its basic definition through analytical dynamics. The relations are developed for two classes of systems. First, for systems in which the acceleration commands are truncated at a specified time. Second, for systems in which the corrective maneuvers are cut off at a specified time. The predicted error differential equation is obtained in a way that allows for derivation of several optimal and explicit guidance schemes.FindingsThe effect of tangential acceleration in conjunction with autopilot dynamics can be realized in guidance gain and the predicted error. The differential equation of velocity‐to‐be‐gained is obtained assuming the gravitational acceleration to be given as a vectorial function of time. The relations for different velocity profiles are obtained and discussed including the effective navigation ratio.Research limitations/implicationsThe guidance/control system is modeled as a linear time‐varying dynamic and of arbitrary‐order. The gravitational acceleration is assumed as a given vectorial function of time.Practical implicationsThe presented schemes are applicable to both midcourse and terminal guidance laws with/without velocity constraints.Originality/valueProviding a new analytical solution of predicted errors with final position and velocity constraints and their differential equations considering the thrust/drag acceleration and autopilot dynamics in the presence of gravity.
Pitting corrosion in presence of inhibitors and oxidants
Authors: Boucherit M.N. , Amzert Sid‐Ahmed , Arbaoui Fahd , Hanini Salah , Hammache Abdennour 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to illustrate the usefulness of inhibitors for the prevention of localised corrosion of carbon steel in a low‐aggressive medium. The efficiencies of two inorganic non‐toxic inhibitors are compared, associated with an oxidant.Design/methodology/approachMany experiments were conducted. For each experiment, a solution was prepared with different concentrations of pitting agent, inhibitor and oxidant. The performance was then estimated by the pitting potential taken from the voltammograms of carbon steel obtained with each solution.FindingsThe results show that the efficiency of molybdate and tungstate were comparable. The presence of iodate, which plays an oxidizing role, can be synergistic to the inhibitor but harmful if the concentration ratio is not adequate.Practical implicationsThe interest in the use of an oxidant is that it makes it possible to reduce the inhibitor concentration, which limits the pH increase and prevents scale deposition.Originality/valueThis work provides useful guidance in the localised corrosion prevention of a semi‐open cooling circuit subject to seasonal sand‐storms. The obtained results from the many experiments carried out were compiled using neural networks for performance prediction.
The use of rare earth cations as corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in aerated NaCl solution
Authors: Amadeh A. , Allahkaram S.R. , Hosseini S.R. , Moradi H. , Abdolhosseini A. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeApplication of rare earth (RE) salts as a corrosion inhibitor was first proposed by Goldie and McCarrol in 1984. They showed that, with the addition of 0.001 M of Ce(NO3) or La(NO3) to 3.5% NaCl solution, the inhibition efficiencies were 91 and 82% for carbon steel, respectively. The aim of this paper is to study the inhibition of a mixture of Ce and La cations on the corrosion prevention of St37 carbon steel in aerated NaCl solutions using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, open circuit potential and constant potential measurements.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, St37 steel was used as an experimental sample. The applied inhibitor was a powder mixture of Ce and La oxides with the ratio of Ce/La = 2/1. Each gram of this powder was dissolved in 4 cc acetic acid because of their insolubility in water. Steel samples were polished with 120 to 800 grit SiC polishing papers, deoxidized in 15 per cent HCl, and then ultrasonically cleaned in ethanol. They were degreased in acetone and were dried in a flow of hot air.FindingsIt has been shown that a mixture of RE cations (Ce and La) can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in NaCl containing solutions. The optimum inhibitor concentration was found to be 500 ppm with a maximum inhibition efficiency of 76%. An increase in Cl− ion concentration and a rise in temperature from room temperature to 70°C can have an adverse effect on corrosion inhibition efficiency.Originality/valueThe results obtained from various experiments indicated that the mixture of Ce and La cations could be considered as a suitable inhibitor for carbon steel in low to medium chloride‐containing solutions. Owing to their non‐toxic nature, they may be suitable to use in potable water pipelines.
Relationship connectors in NZ fresh produce supply chains
Authors: Clements Michael D. , Lazo Ricardo M. , Martin Sandra K. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeUnderstanding the multitude of linkages that exist between customer requirements, the characteristics of fresh produce, the functions performed by supply chains, and how these impact on relationships in chains is important if the trend towards relationship marketing in the fresh produce industry are to be better understood. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of an empirical study of New Zealand fresh produce supply chains that investigates such multiple linkages.Design/methodology/approachA theoretical framework was developed for the study, where relationships were characterised as relationship connectors between parties. This framework was operationalised using two case studies of fresh produce supply chains in the South Island of New Zealand.FindingsRelationships in the chains were characterised by very strong information exchange, relatively strong cooperative norms, strong operational linkages and specific buyer‐seller adaptations. Relationships connected in these ways facilitated the supply chain functions of procurement, quality, logistics and information. This ensured that the challenges facing these supply chain functions, the market requirements of fresh produce and product characteristics, could be managed.Research limitations/implicationsBecause of the method used, it is not possible to empirically generalise from the findings. The key theoretical generalisation that emerges is that relationships in fresh produce supply chains are connected in ways that will enable the challenges facing the management of the different supply chain functions to be met.Originality/value of paperThis finding uses the theory of relationship connectors to contribute to the expanding knowledge base of academics and practitioners on relationship marketing in the food industry.
The impact of an organization's collaborative capacity on its ability to engage its supply chain partners
Authors: Dunne A.J. 
Published: May 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to constructively evaluate the process adopted by a leading Australian food processor to engage its major supply chain partners more collaboratively as part of the company's strategy to strengthen its competitive position.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts a qualitative methodology and is based on a series of semi‐structured interviews conducted over a two‐year period with multiple informants within the focal company and its supply chain partners.FindingsThis research illustrates the importance of the focal firm having developed its own collaborative capabilities before engaging their supply chain partners. The findings clearly demonstrate that building closer relationships even with important supply chain partners is difficult and resource intensive and that the nature of the ensuring relationship will vary.Research limitations/implicationsThe major limitation of this research is that it is centred on a single case study, which restricts the extent to which generalizations can be drawn from its outcomes. This limitation is off‐set by the opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that influence the development of supply chain relationships.Practical implicationsMany of the published works in this area are theoretical or prescriptive in nature, this paper provides an empirical example of the issues involved in the development of inter‐organizational relationships and their managementOriginality/valueThis paper reports on a longitudinal study over a two‐year period, which involved multiple interviews with respondents who were participants in the engagement process.
State and development of innovation networks
Authors: Dilk Christoph , Gleich Ronald , Wald Andreas , Motwani Jaideep 
Published: May 2008

PurposeInnovation is one of the key drivers of economic success. However, the global environment is changing and makes innovation management more competitive. In order to sustain an advantage, companies seem to adopt more flexible schemes of organization. Specifically, innovation networks appear useful to researchers and practitioners. This paper aims to explore the current empirical relevance of this phenomenon in the automotive sector, the goals and performance of innovation networks as well as their formation and governance.Design/methodology/approachThrough a series of semi‐structured interviews with managers from European automobile firms, insights into network approaches and strategies based on the analysis of 39 innovation networks are presented. The study comprises all relevant actors in the industry such as large OEMs as well as small and medium‐sized second‐tier and third‐tier suppliers.FindingsThe empirical survey was able to confirm that innovation networks are of high relevance in the automobile sector. It can be expected that innovation networks will spread further and gain more importance in the coming years. The most important goals that the involved companies aim to realize by using innovation networks include flexible access to technologies, intensified contact with clients and markets and long‐term bonding of suppliers and clients. The companies report a fairly good performance of their innovation networks. Finally, various aspects of network formation and governance have been identified.Practical implicationsSeveral deficits in current network management practices are identified. Improving these issues, the performance level of innovation networks could be raised even higher.Originality/valueBuilding on previous work in this field, this paper adds empirical insights on innovation networks in the automobile business.