bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relationship between the Third Component of Human Complement (C3) Bound to Stored Preserved Erythrocytes and Their Viability in vivo1
Authors: Szymanski Irma O. , Odgren Paul R. , Valeri C.Robert 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. In this study we evaluated whether the 4 °C storage‐induced coating of red blood cells (RBC) with molecules of the third component of human complement, C3, affects the viability of the preserved RBC. To this end, we determined whether the amount of C3 bound to preserved RBC correlated with the 24‐hour survival value. The % anti‐C3c‐induced agglutination of stored RBC provided an estimate of the amount of RBC‐bound C3. In some cases, the number of RBC‐bound C3c‐containing molecules was also quantitated. The 24‐hour survival of autologous RBC was measured in 114 cases. All units were initially stored at 4°C as RBC concentrates followed in 21 cases by frozen storage and in 75 cases by biochemical rejuvenation and frozen storage.The data showed a significant correlation between % anti‐C3c‐induced agglutination of the preserved RBC and the length of 4°C storage of the RBC concentrates. Neither freezing nor rejuvenation cleaved the C3c fragment from stored RBC. The 24‐hour survival was significantly and negatively correlated with both the storage length of RBC concentrates at 4°C and with the amount of RBC‐bound C3 but not with RBC ATP level. These data suggest that the RBC‐bound C3 either contributes to or is a marker for the extent of the preservation injury of RBC.
Cryopreservation of Human Platelets Using 6% Dimethyl Sulfoxide and Storage at ‐80°
Authors: Melaragno A.J. , Carciero R. , Feingold H. , Talarico L. , Weintraub L. , Valeri C. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlatelet studies were done in healthy male volunteers and in thrombocytopenic patients. Some of the platelets used in the study were isolated by mechanical apheresis using either the Haemonetics blood processor 30, the IBM blood processor 2997 or the Fenwal CS‐3000 blood processor before freezing. Other platelets were isolated from individual units of whole blood and pooled before freezing. The platelets were frozen with a 6% cryoprotectant (DMSO) in a polyvinylchloride (PVC) plastic bag or a polyolefin plastic bag at ‐80°C in a mechanical freezer and stored for as long as 3 years. Some of the frozen platelets were transported in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers to determine whether they would be adversely affected by such treatment. Platelet recovery after freezing, thawing and washing was about 75%. In the healthy male volunteers, in vivo recovery of autologous platelets 1–2 h after transfusion was about 33%, and the life span was about 8 days. In the thrombocytopenic patients, in vivo recovery values were 50% of those from fresh platelets. The transfusion of previously frozen washed platelets reduced clinical bleeding in the thrombocytopenic patients with bleeding. There was no evidence of quality deterioration in platelets after storage at ‐80°C for at least 2 years, as determined from in vitro recovery and in vivo survival values, nor was there any adverse effect as a result of shipment of the frozen platelets in dry ice in polystyrene foam containers from one facility to another.
Autoanti‐Ge Associated with Severe Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Shulman Ira A. , Vengelen‐Tyler Virginia , Thompson Joseph C. , Nelson Janice M. , Chen David C. T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSevere autoimmune hemolytic anemia due to anti‐Ge is described. The patient's red cells had a positive direct antiglobulin test, and they typed as Ge+ using saline reactive reagents. Anti‐Ge was eluted from her RBCs, and her serum had an IgG and IgM anti‐Ge2,3.
Current Status of Fibronectin in Transfusion Medicine: Focus on Clinical Studies
Authors: Powell Frank Stanton , Doran Jan Eva 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. It has long been hypothesized that fibronectin (Fn) is essential to the function of the reticuloendothelial system (RES) and that the reversal of Fn deficiency in critically ill patients would result in a clinical benefit to these patients. Fn administration to deficient patients was postulated to improve the function of the RES, decrease the incidence of organ failure, sepsis and ultimately mortality. Over the past 15 years, several clinical studies have been performed to test these hypotheses. The initial anecdotal studies using cryoprecipitate (a plasma fraction enriched in Fn) revealed promising results but were neither controlled nor blinded. Further controlled studies were published utilizing both cryoprecipitate and purified Fn. Unfortunately, the great majority of authors found no beneficial effects of Fn administration in critically ill patients, in relation to incidence of organ failure, sepsis, or mortality. These results do not support the use of Fn in this setting.Fn utilization in wound healing has shown promising results in case reports. Although its role in wound healing is not yet fully delineated, initial reports with corneal wounds show a beneficial influence of Fn administration. Further studies are needed to determine the exact function(s) of Fn in a healing wound. Efficacy must still be shown in controlled clinical trials; dosing and administration regimens need to be elucidated.
Aluminum Content of Source Plasma and Sodium Citrate Anticoagulant
Authors: May Joan C. , Etz Nora M. , Rains Theodore C. , Yu Li Jian 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe concentration of aluminum was determined in samples of source plasma collected by the normal plasmapheresis procedure, which involves collection in anticoagulant and immediate freezing. Samples of sodium citrate anticoagulant used in the collection of source plasma were also tested for aluminum, as were empty source plasma containers and 0.9% sodium chloride infusion (USP). Samples of source plasma were collected from a geographic cross‐section of the donor population in the USA by three different manufacturers. Aliquots of these samples were mixed with Triton X‐100 and sulfuric acid and analyzed for aluminum by atomic absorption spectrometry using electrothermal atomization (graphite furnace) and Zeeman background correction. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the aluminum content of 28 samples of source plasma were found to be 25.5 ± 8.4 ng Al/ml. The aluminum content of the individual samples of source plasma ranged from 12 to 48 ng Al/ml. The aluminum content of 6 samples from two manufacturers of the sodium citrate anticoagulant that is used in source plasma ranged from 410 to 2,080 ng/ml. Aluminum levels found in saline for infusion and nitric acid leachates from empty source plasma containers were less than 6.9 ng/ml. The level of aluminum expected in uncontaminated human blood has been estimated to be 10 ng Al/ml or less. Comparison of this figure with the present data indicates that the sodium citrate anticoagulant contributes significantly to the aluminum load of source plasma and, therefore, to the aluminum content of products such as albumin derived from source plasma.
Evaluation of Four Different Methods for Platelet Freezing: In vitro and in vivo Studies
Authors: Angelini Antonio , Dragani Alfredo , Berardi Anna , Iacone Antonio , Fioritoni Guiseppe , Torlontano Glauco 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis report describes our experience with various techniques for the freezing of platelet‐rich plasma, removed from the final product after leukapheresis procedures performed on 14 hematological patients. A total of 194 platelet units were frozen for subsequent autologous transfusion, by the following four methods: (1) 6% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO); (2) a combination of 5% DMSO/6% hydroxyethyl starch; (3) 3% glycerol; (4) 5% glycerol/4% glucose. Each technique was evaluated by measuring the percentage of platelet recovery, malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and lactate dehydrogenase release. To investigate the safety and therapeutic effectiveness of the previously frozen platelets, in vivo comparison of four platelet freezing methods was made in 8 thrombocytopenic patients, using corrected platelet increment (CCI), determined at 24 h. Our in vitro results indicate that the cryopreservation with 6% DMSO, without controlled cooling rate, provides significantly (p < 0.05) greater platelet recovery (75%) as compared to other systems. The decrease of MDA production and the increase in plasma lactate measured after the thawing process was less in the DMSO‐frozen units than in the other platelet units. When platelets, cryopreserved by this method, were subsequently transfused into patients, a significantly better CCI (> 5,000/μl) was obtained. In our series, 6 patients were entirely supported with frozen autologous platelets. It appears from this study that a better understanding of the physical and biochemical events occurring during the freezing process will improve platelet cryopreservation, allowing a more systematic use of frozen platelets in the support of thrombocytopenic patients.
Haemolytic Disease of the Newborn Probably due to Anti‐ELO, an Antibody to a Low Frequency Red Cell Antigen
Authors: Ford D. S. , Stern D. A. , Hawksworth D. N. , Better P.J. , Lubenko A. , Pope J. M. , Ghana H. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInvestigation of mild bilirubinaemia and a positive direct antiglobulin test in a 2 day old baby revealed that the mother's serum contained an antibody against the low frequency antigen ELO, which was present on the father's red cells. Family studies showed that the ELO antigen segregates from Rh, Gc, ADA and PGM. The ELO antigen is enzyme resistant and therefore not likely to be part of the MNS or Duffy systems. No abnormalities were detected in immunoblotting studies. Although insufficient samples were available to attempt elution of the antibody from the cord cells, it is probable that this case represents the first reported haemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti‐ELO.
Anti‐IgG Autoantibodies in HIV‐infected Hemophilia Patients
Authors: Süsal C. , Lewin I. V. , Stanworth D. R. , Terness P. , Daniel V. , Oberg H.‐H. , Huth‐Kuhne A. , Zimmermann R. , Opelz G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSera of 76 HIV‐negative hemophilia patients, 103 HIV‐positive (HIV+) hemophilia patients free of AIDS or AIDS related complex (ARC), and 32 HIV+ hemophilia patients with AIDS/ARC were tested for four different anti‐IgG activities. IgG‐anti‐F(ab')2γ, IgM‐anti‐F(ab')2γ, and IgG‐anti‐Fcγ serum activities were significantly associated with the clinical stage of HIV infection, whereas IgM‐anti‐Fcγ was not. IgG‐anti‐F(ab')2γ activity was found to be caused by cross‐reaction of anti‐HIV antibody with an epitope within the constant CHI domain of human IgG. HIV+ hemophilia patients with severe thrombocytopenia (< 50,000/μl platelet counts) had significantly higher IgM‐anti‐IgG activity than patients with > 50,000/μl platelets. Because anti‐IgG antibodies possess immunoregulatory properties, our results may serve as a possible explanation for the frequent B cell disorders encountered in HIV‐infected patients.
Virus Inactivation during Intravenous Immunoglobulin Production
Authors: Hämäläinen E. , Suomela H. , Ukkonen P. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEffects of time, temperature, pH and stabilizers (i.e. medium) on inactivation of lipid‐enveloped model viruses, Semliki Forest and vesicular stomatitis viruses in the production process of intravenous immunoglobulin were investigated on a laboratory scale. The lowering of pH, the raising of temperature and the increasing of incubation time improved the inactivation effect. However, small changes in pH and stabilizer concentrations did not influence the results. Inactivation was not linear and a clear tailing off could be seen. Therefore, for complete virus inactivation incubation times longer than 20 h are necessary. Inactivation took place much more rapidly in intravenous immunoglobulin solution than in intramuscular immunoglobulin solution. Processing steps such as freeze‐dying in the presence of ethanol or storage of intramuscular immunoglobulin in the liquid state at pH 7 only partially inactivated these viruses.
Red Cell and Platelet Concentrates from Blood Collected into Half‐Strength Citrate Anticoagulant: Improved Maintenance of Red Cell 2,3‐Diphosphoglycerate in Half‐Citrate Red Cells
Authors: Farrugia A. , Douglas S. , James J. , Whyte G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study confirms previous work suggesting equivalent in vitro properties in blood components prepared from donations collected into half‐citrate preservative (HCPD) compared to components derived from donations collected into standard citrate‐phosphate‐dextrose (CPD) preservatives. In addition, red cell products harvested from HCPD donations showed significantly improved maintenance of pH over storage, and this was reflected in improved maintenance of intracellular 2,3‐diphosphoglycerate (2,3‐DPG). This effect was observed in whole blood and in red cells suspended in a phosphate‐containing additive solution (Tuta AAS). Collection into HCPD also improved 2,3‐DPG maintenance in red cell concentrates processed following an 18‐hour hold at 22°C. These improvements were less pronounced in red cells suspended in a non‐phosphate‐containing medium (Fenwal Adsol) in which a higher pH was maintained even in units collected in CPD. Platelets harvested from HCPD blood and suspended in plasma showed equivalent quality to platelets from standard donations. Some deterioration of platelet properties was observed when HCPD platelets were stored in a non‐citrate synthetic medium. Together with data indicating improved coagulation factor stability, these results suggest that collection into HCPD improves stored blood quality and may also allow logistical benefits in blood component preparation.
Virus Inactivation of Fresh Frozen Plasma by a Solvent Detergent Procedure: Biological Results
Authors: Piquet Y. , Janvier G. , Selosse P. , Doutremepuich C. , Jouneau J. , Nicolle G. , Platel D. , Vezon G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn order to increase the safety of blood products, we have developed a procedure for the virus inactivation of fresh frozen plasma. Several batches have been prepared and with the first 10 batches, each of them composed of 60 litres of plasma, we have determined a set of biological parameters. Virus inactivation was realised using TnBP (1%) and Octoxynol 9 (1%). After their elimination with castor oil using chromatography on insolubilized C18 resin, glycine was added and the pH of the plasma was adjusted to 7.4. Plastic bags were aseptically filled with a mean volume of 200 ml of plasma. The mean levels of coagulation factors were all over 0.7 U/ml and their recovery from initial plasma was nearly the same as total protein except for factor VIII:C. The net loss in factor VIII:C was 16%, when including the dilution of plasma. In vivo and in vitro tests demonstrated that in the final product there were no activated factors. As in fresh frozen plasma, the protein concentration was over 50 g/l and the potassium level lower than 5 mmol/l. According to these results, virus‐inactivated plasma has the same qualities of fresh frozen plasma and could now replace it.
Prevention of Primary HLA Class I Allo‐Immunization with Leucocyte‐Poor Blood Components Produced without the Use of Platelet Filters
Authors: Ten Haaft M.A. , Van den Berg‐Loonen P.M. , Van Rhenen D.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a prospective study the incidence of allo‐immunization and platelet refractoriness was investigated using a consequently leucocyte‐poor blood product regime. Twenty‐five previously non‐transfused patients with acute leukaemia (11 men, 7 women) or autologous bone marrow transplantation for Hodgkin's or non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (2 men, 5 women) received at least 80 donor units of filtered red cells (filtration within 24 h after donation, leucocyte content 8.5+3.9 times 106/U) and/or of platelet concentrate (produced by the buffy coat method, leucocyte content: 7.8+4.2 times 106/U). A 1‐hour recovery of 20% in three consecutive transfusions, in the absence of clinical factors known to impair increment, was defined as platelet refractoriness. HLA class I antibody screening with a panel of 60 cells was performed before the first transfusion and after 80 U of blood components. Of 25 patients who entered this study, 6 patients developed platelet refractoriness after a mean of 38 units of blood components (range 26–45 U); all 6 were female with a history of multiple pregnancies. In 19 patients regarded as non‐refractory, no HLA antibodies were demonstrated (13 men, 6 women). This study, though limited in size, suggests that the use of blood products containing less than 1 times 107 leucocytes/donor unit prevents primary HLA class I immunization and platelet refractoriness.
Antibody Responses to Hepatitis C Virus by Second‐Generation Immunoassays in a Cohort of Patients with Bleeding Disorders
Authors: Hatzakis A. , Polychronaki H. , Miriagou V. , Yannitsiotis A. , Chrispeels J. , Troonen H. , Karafoulidou A. , Gialeraki A. , Katsouyanni K. , Mandalaki T. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe antibody responses and the prevalence patterns of antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) in a cohort of patients (n = 210) with bleeding disorders were studied using a first‐generation and a second‐generation enzyme immunoassays (EIA‐1, EIA‐2) as well as a second‐generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA‐2). The anti‐HCV prevalence as determined by EIA‐1 and EIA‐2 was 183/210 (87.1%) and 197/210 (93.8%), respectively (p = 0.0026). None of the 17 EIA‐2(+)/EIA‐1(‐) samples was scored nonreactive by RIBA‐2. At follow‐up, samples of 123 patients were tested. Twenty‐nine out of 111 patients reactive by EIA‐1 seroreverted according to EIA‐1 while the sero‐reversion rate with EIA‐2 was 0 out of the 121 (p<10‐8). The anti‐HCV prevalence by EIA‐2 was 150/154 (97.4%) in anti‐HIV‐1‐positive individuals and 47/56 (83.9%) in the anti‐HIV‐1‐negative ones (p = 0.001). However, high assay signals (OD 492 nm >2.0) were observed in 94/150 (62.7%) and 45/47 (95.7%) of the anti‐HIV‐1‐positive and ‐negative patients, respectively (p = 10‐5). The decreasing anti‐HCV reactivity among anti‐HIV‐1‐positive individuals was mainly due to diminishing c33c reactivity. Seroconversion to anti‐HCV was observed in 3/7 (42.9%) cases with acute icteric non‐A, non‐B hepatitis by both EIA‐1 and EIA‐2, while the remaining 4 cases had detectable levels of anti‐HCV 1–18 months before the acute episode.
Evaluation of Monoclonal Antibodies with Specificity for the Human Platelet HPA‐1 Allotypes
Authors: Ryckewaert Jean Jacques , Marguerie Gérard , Masson Dominique , Bensa Jean‐Claude , Diaz Marline 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo mouse monoclonal antibodies have been characterized. Both antibodies specifically recognized the amino acid sequences which are responsible for the presence of the HPA‐1a and HPA‐1b alloantigens at the surface of human platelet. The monoclonality allied with an exquisite specificity of these antibodies allow a perfect typing of platelet HPA‐1 status. A fast and reliable Elisa assay which fulfills all the needs and requirements of hematology laboratories has been set up and is described here. The Elisa assay has been tested on a population of 689 blood donors. The results agreed with the known phenotypic frequencies of the HPA‐1 alloantigens.
Cold Autoagglutinins with Anti‐Pr Specificity Associated with Fresh Varicella Infection
Authors: Herron B. , Orson G. , Myint H. , Boulton F. E. , Roelcke D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCold agglutinins with the rare anti‐Pr specificity were identified in an adult patient with fresh varicella infection. The antibody was of the IgM ϰ type with subspecificity anti‐Pr3d and caused a haemolytic episode in the patient. In the only previously reported case in which cold agglutinins were associated with varicella infection, the antibody specificity was also anti‐Pr.
Half‐Strength Citrate CPD Combined with a New Additive Solution for Improved Storage of Red Blood Cells Suitable for Clinical Use
Authors: Högman C. F. , Eriksson L. , Cong J. , Högman A. B. , Vikholm K. , Debrauwere J. , Payrat J. M. , Stewart M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCurrently used systems for red blood cell (RBC) collection and storage for transfusion have the disadvantage that the RBC 2,3‐bisphosphoglycerate (BPG) concentration is depleted within two weeks of storage, resulting in a left‐shift of the oxygen dissociation curve and a temporarily impaired capacity to deliver oxygen. We have studied the effects on red cell metabolism, morphology and in vivo recovery of 49‐day storage of RBC, with collection in half‐strength citrate CPD (0.5CPD) and storage in an additive solution containing citrate, adenine, mannitol, phosphate and glucose (RAS2). Traditional CPD‐SAGM was used for comparison. Component preparation was performed after an initial holding period of the whole blood at ambient temperature for 8 h. The BPG concentration in 0.5CPD‐RAS2 RBC was 0.633 ± 0.120mol (mol Hb)‐1 as compared to 0.454±0.138mol (mol Hb)‐1 in CPD‐SAGM RBC which implied a decrease to 67 and 48% of normal concentration, respectively. The mean RBC BPG concentration was maintained at the initial level for 28 days in the new system but decreased to very low levels within 14 days in the controls. The total adenine nucleotides were well maintained in both systems, adenosine triphosphate slightly better in the new system. Hemolysis after 49 days was 0.35±0.21% in the new system and 0.72 ±0.25% in the controls (p<0.001). The morphology was better maintained in the new system (p<0.001). The 24‐hour posttransfusion survival of 49‐day stored RBC was 78.9±7.1%. The membrane leakage of sodium and potassium was not significantly different in the two systems. The concentration of inorganic phosphate (Pi) in the extracellular fluid of 0.5CPD‐RAS2 RBC was initially 7.1±0.8 mmoll‐1. It decreased to approximately 5.5 mmol l‐1 during the first 2 weeks of storage and then slowly increased to 9.4±0.9 mmol l‐1 on day 49. Pi in the CPD‐SAGM controls was low initially but rose to 6.2±0.4 mmol l‐1 at the end of storage. The new system offers clearcut advantages as compared to traditional systems and does not seem to raise any serious clinical objections against its use even in massive transfusions.
A Simplified Assay for the Specific Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria: Detection of DAF(CD55)‐ and HRF20(CD59)‐ Erythrocytes in Microtyping Cards
Authors: Nilsson Bo , Hagström Ulla , Englund Åsa , Säfwenberg Jan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractParoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a rare disease that is caused by a monoclonal stem cell defect. The affected cells lack the carbohydrate linkage between phophatidylinositol and a group of membrane proteins of which three protect the cell against complement lysis. The absence of these three proteins, DAF (CD55), C8BP and HRF 20 (CD59), makes cells from the erythropoiesis, thrombopoiesis and myelopoiesis extensively sensitive to complement attack and affected patients suffer from intravascular hemolysis, thrombosis and increased susceptibility to infections. In this study we describe a swift and specific assay for the detection of CD55‐ and CD59‐ erythrocytes, which is suitable for screening of possible PNH patients.
Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy of Autoimmune and Systemic Inflammatory Diseases
Authors: Ronda Nicoletta , Hurez Vincent , Kazatchkine Michel D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe proven beneficial effect of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in certain autoimmune disorders has led to the development of clinical trials in other autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. In parallel, experimental studies are being carried out to better understand the mechanisms of action of IVIg. In this review, we discuss the clinical use of IVIg in autoimmune disorders and the possible mechanisms by which IVIg may be effective in the various diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of IVIg in autoimmune disease will allow optimization of their use as a therapeutic alternative to conventional immunosuppression.