bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The knowledge, facilitators, and barriers of providing botulinum toxin and dermal filler treatments in UK dental practice
Authors: Golian Behnaz Agh , Radford David , Louca Chris 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Botulinum toxin and hyaluronic acid dermal filler injections are the most widely used aesthetic facial treatments and dental professionals are well-positioned to provide them due to their knowledge of facial anatomy. OBJECTIVES: To study the knowledge, types of treatment, facilitators, and barriers that dental professionals have in providing botulinum toxin and dermal filler management in UK dental practice.
METHODS: A questionnaire was developed, and after piloting was distributed through an email link via the British Association of Dental Therapists (BADT) and the Chief Investigator’s personal network of dental professionals from different dental backgrounds and with varying scopes of practice. A sample size of 100 respondents to the questionnaire was anticipated.
RESULTS: A total of 110 questionnaires were returned. 47 (43%) of 110 participants were trained in botulinum toxin and dermal filler management. Of those 47 participants, currently only 22 were actively offering these treatments. Of those, 100% offered treatment for facial wrinkles, 73% for lip augmentation and 50% for chin and cheek enhancement. Training courses were of short duration of between 1 and 4 days. 46% of trained participants identified a lack of confidence in managing complications.
CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed a significant interest among dental professionals who responded in offering botulinum toxin and dermal filler treatments, which could represent a potential growth area for the dental profession. However, concerns were raised about the adequacy of hands-on training provided through short courses, which highlighted the need for more comprehensive and hands-on training courses.
Extracted Rutin from Moringa oleifera leaves has a potential inhibitory effect on Mushroom tyrosinase-diphenolase: Competitive inhibition and Computational simulation analyses
Authors: El-Sharkawy Reyad M. , El-Hadary Abdalla E. , Essawy Heba S. , El-Sayed Ashraf S.A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Tyrosinase is a binuclear copper-containing enzyme that catalyzes the conversation of monophenols to diphenols via o-hydroxylation and then the oxidation of o-diphenols to o-quinones which is profoundly linked to eukaryotic melanin synthesis and fruits browning. The hyperpigmentation due to unusual tyrosinase activity has gained growing health concern. Plants and their metabolites are considered promising and effective sources for potent antityrosinase enzymes. Hence, searching for potent, specific tyrosinase inhibitor from different plant extracts is an alternative approach in regulating overproduction of tyrosinase. Among the tested extracts, the hydro-alcoholic extract of Moringa oleifera L. leaves displayed the potent anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 = 98.93 µg/ml) in a dose-dependent manner using L-DOPA as substrate; however, the kojic acid showed IC50 of 88.92 µg/ml. The tyrosinase-diphenolase (TYR-Di) kinetic analysis revealed mixed inhibition type for the Ocimum basilicum L and Artemisia annua L extracts, while the Coriandrum sativum L extract displayed a non-competitive type of inhibition. Interestingly, the extract of Moringa oleifera L. leaves exhibited a competitive inhibition, low inhibition constant of free enzyme (\({\text{K}}_{\text{i}\text{i}}^{\text{a}\text{p}\text{p}}\)) value and no Pan-Assay Interfering Substances, hinting the presence of strong potent inhibitors. The major putative antityrosinase compound in the extract was resolved, and chemically identified as rutin based on various spectroscopic analyses namely, UV spectrophotometer, FTIR, mass spectrum, and 1H NMR. The in silico computational molecular docking has been performed using rutin and mushroom tyrosinase (PDB code: 2Y9X). The binding energy of the predicted interaction between tropolone native ligand, kojic acid, and rutin against 2Y9X was respectively − 5.28, -4.69, and − 7.75 kcal/mol. The docking simulation results revealed the reliable binding of rutin to the amino acid residues (ASN260, HIS259, SER282) in the tyrosinase catalytic site. Based on the developed results, rutin extracted from M. oleifera L. leaves has the capability to be powerful anti-pigment agent with a potential application in cosmeceutical area. in vivo studies are required to unravel the safety and efficiency of rutin as antityrosinase compound.
Rider Re-Route Suggestions Using Demand Forecasting Based on Passenger's Routes
Authors: Sivakumar Dharun , S Bairavel , C Suriyalakshmi V , A Sricharan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Through data analysis and internet networking, ride-sharing can be optimized with the aim of revolutionizing urban transportation. It addresses the common issue of lone commuters by connecting "riders" and "passengers" through an intelligent platform that suggests alternative routes based on passenger demand. The primary goals are to boost urban mobility efficiency, reduce trip costs, and increase sustainability. The project is divided into components for rider and passenger registration, demand forecasts, matchmaking, and route optimization. The results demonstrate that the suggested deviations offer similar travel times, considerable cost savings, and improved customer satisfaction. Cutting back on single-occupancy car use is in line with environmental objectives. This concept offers a data-driven solution to transportation problems, which might drastically alter how people move around cities.
RETRACTED: Supinoxin blocks Small Cell Lung Cancer Progression by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Respiration through the RNA Helicase DDX5
Authors: Tran Elizabeth , Das Subhadeep , Russon Matthew , Zea Maria , Xing Zheng , Torregrosa-Allen Sandra , Cervantes Heidi , Elzey Bennett , Harper Haley 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Experimental investigation on the moisture absorption performance of common rough processed biomass particles
Authors: Liang Yiting , Cheng Haifeng , Zhang Ju , Chen Xiaoyu , Yin Linjian 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

With the increasingly severe global ecological and energy crisis, green environmental protection is receiving more and more attention from people. This study uses peanut shells and bamboo as raw materials for rough processing to produce biomass particles as solid adsorbents, exploring the feasibility of using biomass materials as environmentally friendly desiccants. The pore size and distribution of the materials are characterized by a fully automatic specific surface area and pore size analyzer, and the desorption performance of the materials is detected by a thermogravimetric analyzer. Using a dynamic water vapor adsorption analyzer (DVS) to test the moisture absorption capacity and rate of materials under a single operating condition (25 ℃, RH90%), and comparing them with silica gel under the same experimental conditions. The results show that the specific surface area and pore volume of bamboo charcoal particles are larger than those of peanut shell particles, so the moisture absorption of bamboo charcoal particles is better than that of peanut shell particles; Thermogravimetric analysis shows that compared to bamboo charcoal particles, peanut shell particles have lower temperatures during the main desorption stage and consume less energy during the regeneration process; Research on adsorption kinetics shows that both bamboo charcoal and peanut shell particles have lower moisture absorption than silica gel, but have a longer effective dehumidification time. Therefore, bamboo charcoal and peanut shell particles are potential environmentally-friendly dehumidification materials.
Research on Vibration Characteristics of Bearingless Motorized Spindle Based on Multibody Dynamics
Authors: Meng Jie , He Lihong , Yang Jianan , Liu Shuang 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

During the service process of bearingless motorized spindle (BLMS), its parameters change with time and external conditions, leading to the decrease in the accuracy of the motorized spindle. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately describe the dynamic performance of the motorized spindle during actual operation using deterministic parameters. In this paper, the interactions between thermal deformation and vibration of the motorized spindle are explored. The dynamic model of the motorized spindle based on multibody dynamics and time-varying parameters is established, and the solution method of dynamic model with uncertain parameters is investigated. Firstly, the reasons of vibration in the BLMS are analyzed, and the influences of thermal deformation on the thermal eccentricity and inhomogeneous air gap of BLMS are studied. The vibration model of the BLMS is established and solved to acquire the radial vibration displacement. Secondly, the discrete multibody dynamics model of the BLMS is built, and the center trajectory of the motorized spindle is attained by solving the multibody dynamics model. The prototype experimental platform of BLMS is designed and the vibration tests are carried out. The experimental results show that the vibration amplitude of the BLMS increases with the running time, and the maximum displacement has a large deviation from the simulation results using the determined parameters, while a small deviation from the simulation results using the uncertain parameters. It indicates that the solution of the multibody dynamics model of the BLMS described by uncertain parameters is closer to the experimental data. The research findings can provide reference for the optimized design of BLMS.
The Evolution of Female Preference, Male Traits and the G matrix:
“Toto, I've a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore”
Authors: Roff Derek 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Female preference exerts selection pressure on male traits. This results in a complex interplay of phenotype and genotype. This complexity was examined by an experiment in which females were either mated to males they preferred (S lines) or to males chosen at random from the population (R lines). If genetic correlations between preference and preferred traits (14 song components) resulted from linkage disequilibrium, the correlation would diminish more in the S than the R line. This was not observed, suggesting that the correlation was generated by linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy. Univariate preference was greatest for time spent calling (CALL), volume (VOL) and chirp rate (CHIRP) but the major contributors in the multivariate function were CALL and CHIRP, the univariate influence of VOL arising from correlations to these traits. Estimation of β for CALL and VOL resulting from female preference showed that both were under strong direct selection. However, CALL did not change over the course of the experiment whereas VOL, CHIRP and other song components did. Simulation of the experiment using the G matrix estimated from generation 11 showed that the lack of change in CALL resulted from indirect genetic effects negating direct effects. CHIRP and VOL were predicted to change as observed. Changes in song components were largely due to indirect effects. This experiment showed that female preference may exert strong selection on traits but how they respond to such selection will depend greatly upon the details of the G matrix.
Diabetes screening among women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A descriptive study of commercial claims, 2011-2019
Authors: Vollmer Jacklyn , Lacy Mary E. , Christian W. Jay 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder that affects 6-12% of United States women of reproductive age. Women with PCOS are at an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and fall into high-risk groups according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) screening guidelines. Guidelines further indicate that an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) should be used for diabetes screening in women with PCOS instead of an A1C or fasting plasma glucose test. The purpose of this study is two-fold: 1) to estimate rates of diabetes screening among a nationwide sample of commercially insured women with PCOS and 2) to report the percentage of women screened using each test (OGTT, A1C, fasting plasma glucose) among those who were screened.
Methods: We used the MarketScan Commercial Claims database (2011-2019) to identify a sample of women aged 18-64 years with PCOS who were free from diabetes at baseline and had ≥5 years of continuous enrollment. PCOS was ascertained using International Classification of Disease diagnosis codes (ICD-9: 256.4; ICD-10: E28.2). Diabetes screening was ascertained using Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes (A1C: 83036, 83037; Fasting blood sugar: 82947; OGTT: 82950). Diabetes screening rates were calculated for the overall study sample as well as across subgroups defined by age, overweight/obesity, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and vascular disease.
Results: In our sample of 191,110 commercially insured women with PCOS, 73.40% were screened at least once for diabetes during a five-year period. Among the women screened, 19.24% were screened using the Androgen Excess Society (AES)-recommended OGTT, 61.58% were screened using A1C, and 23.37% were screened using fasting blood sugar.
Conclusions: Almost 75% of women with PCOS comply with the ACOG screening guidelines for diabetes. However, while the OGTT is recommended as the preferred screening tool for women with PCOS, it was less commonly used than A1C and fasting blood sugar tests.
Strain-Specific Responses in Microalgal Lipid Production: Revealing the Impact of Light, Temperature, and Nitrogen Stressors on Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis
Authors: Abdelkarim Omnia , Wijffels Rene H. , Barbosa Maria 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The oleaginous genera Nannochloropsis and Microchloropsis are recognized for their lipid accumulation capacity. Microalgal lipid accumulation is triggered by nitrogen starvation, negatively affecting photosynthesis and growth. Moreover, light and temperature play pivotal roles in microalgal physiology, lipid accumulation and composition. This study focuses on comparing the responses of eight microalgal species from Nannochloropsis(N.) and Microchloropsis(M.) genera (N. oceanica Necton, N. oceanica IMET1, N. sp. CCAP211/78, N. oculata, M. gaditana CCFM01, M. gaditana CCMP526, M. salina, and N. limnetica) to light, temperature, and nitrogen availability. Biomass, lipid content and productivities were monitored under light intensities (150 (LL) and 600μmol.m-2.s-1(HL)) and temperatures (15, 25, 30℃) variation under nitrogen(N-) starvation and replete conditions. Our results revealed that under N-starvation and HL, N. sp exhibited the most substantial lipid content (59%DW) and productivity (0.069glipid/L/d), while N. oculata had the lowest lipid content (37.5%DW) and productivity (0.037glipid/L/d) among the eight strains. Notably, M. gaditana CCFM01 achieved the highest EPA content (4.7%DW), contrasting with N. oceanica IMET1’s lowest EPA content (2.9%DW) under 150μmol.m-2.s-1 and N-repletion. The response to temperature fluctuations under LL was species-dependent. M. salina and M. gaditana CCFM01 demonstrated the highest and lowest lipid productivities (0.069 glipid/L/d and 0.022 glipid/L/d, respectively) at 15℃ under N-starvation. Moreover, significant EPA accumulation across various strains was observed in N. oculata (5.7%DW) under N-repletion at 15°C, surpassing M. gaditana CCFM01 by 40%. Ultimately, the physiological responses to cultivation conditions vary markedly among microalgal species, even within the same genus. This knowledge is essential for selecting suitable strains for the efficient microalgal lipid production industry.
Uncovering the genomic basis of symbiotic interactions and niche adaptations in freshwater picocyanobacteria
Authors: Park Hongjae , Bulzu Paul , Shabarova Tanja , Kavagutti Vinicius S. , Ghai Rohit , Kasalický Vojtěch , Jezberová Jitka 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background Picocyanobacteria from the genera Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and Cyanobium are the most widespread photosynthetic organisms in aquatic ecosystems. However, their freshwater populations remain poorly explored, due to uneven and insufficient sampling across diverse inland waterbodies.
Results In this study, we present 170 high-quality genomes of freshwater picocyanobacteria from non-axenic cultures collected across Central Europe. In addition, we recovered 33 genomes of their potential symbiotic partners affiliated with four genera, Pseudomonas, Mesorhizobium, Acidovorax, and Hydrogenophaga. The genomic basis of symbiotic interactions involved heterotrophs benefiting from picocyanobacteria-derived nutrients while providing detoxification of ROS. The global abundance patterns of picocyanobacteriarevealed ecologically significant ecotypes, associated with trophic status, temperature, and pH as key environmental factors. The adaptation of picocyanobacteria in (hyper-)eutrophic waterbodies could be attributed to their colonial lifestyles and CRISPR-Cas systems. The prevailing CRISPR-Cas subtypes in picocyanobacteria were I-G and I-E, which appear to have been acquired through horizontal gene transfer from other bacterial phyla.
Conclusions Our findings provide novel insights into the population diversity, ecology, and evolutionary strategies of the most widespread photoautotrophs within freshwater ecosystems.
Can AI answer my questions? Using Artificial Intelligence to help provide information for patients with a stoma
Authors: Lim Bryan , Lirios Gabriel , Sakalkale Aditya , Satheakeeerthy Shriranshini , Hayes Diana , Yeung Justin M 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Stomas present significant lifestyle and psychological challenges for patients, requiring comprehensive education and support. Current educational methods have limitations in offering relevant information to the patient, highlighting a potential role for Artificial Intelligence (AI). This study examined the utility of AI in enhancing stoma therapy management following colorectal surgery.
Material and Methods
We compared the efficacy of four prominent Large Language Models (LLM)—OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and ChatGPT-4.0, Google's Gemini, and Bing's CoPilot—against a series of metrics to evaluate their suitability as supplementary clinical tools. Through qualitative and quantitative analyses, including readability scores (Flesch-Kincaid, Flesch-Reading Ease, and Coleman-Liau index) and reliability assessments (Likert scale, DISCERN score and QAMAI tool), the study aimed to assess the appropriateness of LLM-generated advice for patients managing stomas.
Results
There are varying degrees of readability and reliability across the evaluated models, with CoPilot and ChatGPT-4 demonstrating superior performance in several key metrics such as readability and comprehensiveness. However, the study underscores the infant stage of LLM technology in clinical applications. All responses required high school to college level education to comprehend comfortably. While the LLMs addressed users’ questions directly, the absence of incorporating patient-specific factors such as past medical history generated broad and generic responses rather than offering tailored advice.
Conclusion
The complexity of individual patient conditions can challenge AI systems. The use of LLMs in clinical settings holds promise for improving patient education and stoma management support, but requires careful consideration of the models' capabilities and the context of their use.
Integrative phenotyping approaches to unmask the Phyb-PIF4 pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana reproductive organs at high ambient temperatures
Authors: Naghani Shekufeh Ebrahimi , Šmeringai Ján , Pleskačová Barbora , Dobisová Tereza , Panzarová Klára , Pernisová Markéta , Robert Hélène S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The increasing ambient temperature significantly impacts plant growth, development, and reproduction. Uncovering the temperature-regulating mechanisms in plants is of high importance, not only for boosting our plant biology knowledge but also for assisting plant breeders in improving plant resilience to these stress conditions. Numerous studies on the molecular mechanisms by which plants regulate temperature responses revealed that plants employ distinct transcription factors to regulate thermomorphogenesis specific to each tissue type. A significant discovery in this field was the identification of PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs) as key regulators of thermomorphogenesis during vegetative growth. PIF4, a regulator of auxin-mediated signaling pathways, is crucial in controlling high-temperature responses.
Results
In this study, we screened the temperature responses of the wild type and several PhyB-PIF4 pathway Arabidopsis mutant lines in combined and integrative phenotyping platforms for root in soil, shoot, inflorescence, and seed. We demonstrated that high ambient temperature differentially impacts vegetative and reproductive organs through this pathway. Suppression of the PhyB-PIF4 components mimics the response to a high ambient temperature in wild-type plants. We also identified correlative responses to high ambient temperature between shoot and root tissues. This integrative and automated phenotyping was complemented by monitoring the changes in transcript levels in reproductive organs. Transcriptomic profiling of the pistils from plants grown under high ambient temperature identified key elements that may provide clues to the molecular mechanisms behind temperature-induced reduced fertilization rate, such as a downregulation of auxin metabolism, upregulation of genes involved auxin signalling, miRNA156and miRN160 pathways, pollen tube attractants.
Conclusions
Thermomorphogenesis is uniquely controlled in the different plant tissues at different developmental stages. We have identified key elements that may help to determine the response to high ambient temperatures during reproduction processes.
Preparation, Characterization, and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Biodegradable Self-Healing Film Based on Fish Collagen Crosslinked Carboxymethyl Cellulose
Authors: Zallaghi Mahsa , Esmkhani Maryam , Mirzaei Akbar , Javanshir Shahrzad 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Biodegradable films are widely explored to environment pollution. One of the best alternatives to reduce packaging waste is the use of biodegradable polymers. Fish collagen is attracting great interest due to its high biocompatibility and absence of religious and social limitations compared to other terrestrial collagen sources. This study aimed to prepare and characterize a biodegradable and antibacterial fish collagen-based film crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose with good mechanical performance, good moisture barrier, and self-healing property. The films were prepared by mixing a solution of isinglass (IG) with different carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) contents (0.1, 0.25, and 0.4 g) using triethanolamine (TEA) as plasticizer. Up to the results the optimized film contained 0.4 g CMC and 0.5 ml TEA. Morphological characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the interactions between the functional groups were analyzed by FTIR. The optimized CMC-IG film possessed a tensile stress of around 1.02–3.32 MPa, and an elongation at break of 176–241%. Moreover, the films showed a good self-healing property and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacteria. The good mechanical properties, antibacterial activity, and good moisture barrier made this thin film a good choice for food packaging applications.