bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous Achievement of Enhanced Nonlinear Optical Absorption and Nonlinear Refraction in Highly Crystalline 2D Covalent Organic Frameworks Ultrathin Films
Authors: Dong Tianyang , Wen Xingyuan , Li Junyi , Wu Xingzhi , Wang Chong , Zhou Wenfa , Yu Lingmin , Song Yinglin , Wang Chunru , Jiang Li , Bai Chunli 
Published: February 2025

AbstractLarge enhancement of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction are achieved simultaneously in highly ordered two dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) films prepared by solidliquid interface one‐step method to overcome the weakness of COF powders in solubility. In the intrinsic nonlinear optical response obtained at 532 nm with 5 ns pulse, the nonlinear absorption coefficients (β) of two COF films are −4.87 × 10−5 and −1.29 × 10−5 m W−1, respectively. Simultaneously, the fitted closed‐aperture curves also show large nonlinear refractive indexes (n2), −5.62 × 10−12 m2 W−1 and −0.76 × 10−12 m2 W−1. The 4f coherent imaging performed at the same condition with a single‐shot pulse further verifies the outstanding nonlinear optical response without any damage probably experienced in the Z‐scan technique. Moreover, the differences in framework electronic structure and photoexcited states between two COF films are compared to explain the difference in nonlinear optical response. All the results indicate that two COF crystalline films with intrinsic giant nonlinear optical response can be capable of modulating both amplitude and phase of light, providing huge potential in all‐optical manipulating and switching at the nanoscale as outstanding nonlinear optical materials.
Electronic Modulation and Built‐in Electric Field Strategies in Heterostructures Together Induce 1T‐Rich MoS2 Conversion for Advanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Peng Hui , Miao Wenxing , Zeng Jingtian , Wang Zihao , Yan Chenhui , Ma Guofu , Lei Ziqiang 
Published: February 2025

Abstract1T‐MoS2 is considered an attractive energy storage material due to its large layer spacing and excellent electrical conductivity. Unfortunately, 1T‐MoS2 is difficult to synthesize directly due to the substability, which limits its development and application. Electron‐filling engineering of Mo 4d orbitals is the core idea to induce an efficient conversion of 2H to 1T phase. Based on this theory, a homogeneous CuS@MoS2 heterogeneous nanosheet is successfully constructed based on electron‐rich CuS as an electron donor. Both density functional theory (DFT) and X‐ray absorption fine structure analysis (XAFS) illustrate that part of the electrons from Cu at the heterogeneous interface are transferred to Mo, which triggers the reorganization of Mo 4d orbitals and the formation of a strong built‐in electric field at the interface, and induces an irreversible phase transition from 2H to 1T in MoS2. Based on its structural features, CuS@MoS2 heterogeneous nanosheets have a high first discharge capacity of 725 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1, excellent rate performance (466.73 mAh g−1 at 10 A g−1), and long cycle stability (506.03 mAh g−1 after 3200 cycles at 5 A g−1). This work provides new perspectives for the development of high‐performance sodium storage anode materials based on 1T‐rich MoS2.
Ultra‐Fast Synthesis of Composite Oxide‐Supported Transition Metal Alloy as an Advanced Catalyst for Ammonia Decomposition
Authors: Li Yuou , Wang Ke , Wang Zijian , Wang Xiaomei , Chu Xiang , Zhang Rui , Song Shuyan , Zhang Hongjie , Wang Xiao 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAmmonia decomposition reaction (ADR) has been extensively used to generate clear hydrogen in industry. Despite ruthenium (Ru) being the most active catalyst component for ADR, its exceptionally high price imposes severe limitations on its large‐scale application. Therefore, the development of cost‐effective and robust noble‐metal‐free ADR catalysts is highly desired, but it remains a challenge. Herein, a spray pyrolysis‐assisted method is reported for the ultra‐fast synthesis of strongly coupled composite oxide supports and transition metal alloy centers. The optimized catalyst, La0.75Sr0.25(FeCoNi)1.7O3‐δ, exhibits outstanding ADR performance, achieving ≈98% ammonia conversion at 600 °C with remarkable stability over a period of 150 h. Further investigations reveal that the composite oxide support is enriched with numerous medium to strong basic sites. These sites play a crucial role in transferring electrons to the supported transition metal alloy, thus contributing to the rapid recombination and desorption of nitrogen atoms.
meta‐Hydroxylation of Pyridines, Quinolines, and Isoquinolines Using Dearomatized Intermediates
Authors: Bhattacharya Debkanta , Studer Armido 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe functionalization of C−H bonds in heterocycles holds considerable importance in chemical synthesis and drug discovery. Recently, the regioselective introduction of various functionalities at the meta‐position of azines, utilizing readily accessible dearomatized intermediates, has emerged as a highly attractive approach. Along these lines, the meta‐hydroxylation of azines is an appealing but challenging transformation due to the inherent electronic nature of these heterocycles. Herein, we report a meta‐selective hydroxylation of pyridines, quinolines and isoquinolines through easily accessible oxazinoaza‐arene intermediates. The nucleophilic C3‐position of these dienamine‐type intermediates engages in highly regioselective hydroxylation upon treatment with electrophilic peroxides.
Ligand‐Enabled Nondirected and Regioselective Arylation of Internal Alkenes with Simple Arenes
Authors: Liu Tianming , Deng Xi , Gao Yue , Li Haofan , Du Yu , Su Weiping 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRegioselective functionalization of internal alkenes has become a highly efficient approach for preparing stereochemically defined multi‐substituted olefins. Unlike traditional methods that require directing groups, activating groups, or active chemical bonds (e.g., halide, pseudo halide, organometallic reagent, etc.), there remains a strong demand for nondirected and selective functionalization of unactivated alkenes with simple coupling partners, both in academic research or industrial applications. Herein, we report the development of a pyridone‐oxazoline (Pyoox) type ligand that combines the features of both pyridone and pyridine‐oxazoline in assisting Pd‐catalyzed olefination. This ligand enables the activation of simple (hetero) arenes and internal alkenes within a single reaction system. A nondirected and regioselective arylation from simple raw materials has been achieved, providing a straightforward route to various trisubstituted olefins in moderate to excellent yields, with excellent regio‐/stereocontrol. Experimental and computational studies on mechanisms offer insight into the distinctive properties and performance of this ligand‐promoted catalysis. The synthetic utility of this method is further demonstrated by the simplified synthesis and late‐stage diversification of bioactive molecules.
Self‐Accelerated Controllable Phase Transformation for Practical Liquid Metal Electrode
Authors: Qin Chichu , Huang Li , Zhong Xuan , Xia Zhiyong , Li Guanwu , Cheng Guanqing , Huang Lu , Wu Yingpeng 
Published: February 2025

Despite the high theoretical capacity, the deposition of solid alkali metals can trigger dendrites growth, causing safety risk, capacity and life decay. While liquid NaK alloy is dendrite‐free, their fluidity may cause leakage or even short circuit. In this work, a novel controllable phase transformation strategy was proposed enabled NaK anode to be processed in near‐solid and work in liquid, effectively overcoming the challenges of dendrite formation and leakage. Specifically, a near‐solid anode was fabricated by liquid metal (LM)‐assisted mechanochemistry reaction, which can be easily shaped and integrated into batteries without leakage risk. Then self‐accelerated phase transformation continues within the battery, driven by an LM‐mediated in‐situ replacement reaction, converts the near‐solid electrode into liquid state and enabling dendrite‐free operation. For the first time, a cylindrical cell with liquid NaK alloy anode was successfully matched and demonstrated excellent electrochemical performances. This innovation not only enhances safety but also advancing the practical application of liquid metal electrodes in energy storage systems.
Broadband‐Light‐Induced [2+2] Cycloaddition and Thermoinduced Cycloreversion‐Powered Dynamic Molecular Crystals
Authors: Naumov Pance , Zhong Jiangbin , Sun Jingbo , Chen Chao , Yang Xiqiao , Ye Kaiqi , Li Liang , Lu Ran 
Published: February 2025

Photomechanically responsive dynamic molecular crystals are central to developing efficient, rapid, and robust materials capable of conversion of light energy to mechanical work. However, unlike some other, mainly photochromic molecular solar thermal energy storage (MOST) systems, solids in which the photoinduced [2+2] cycloaddition undergoes have not been explored to power reversible actuation, despite that this reaction system carries an unexplored potential in the heavily strained bonds of the cyclobutane ring, the common chemical moiety in the natural products. In this study, we propose that broadband‐light‐induced [2+2] cycloaddition can be used to store energy and actuate dynamic organic crystals by irradiation with visible light. The prototypical material, pyrenylvinylpyrylium tetrafluoroborate (1‐PVPyL), undergoes a topochemical [2+2] cycloaddition induced not only by ultraviolet radiation (365 nm) but also by monochromatic green light (532 nm), red light (620 nm) and broadband visible light in a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal manner, causing its crystals to bend. The crystals effectively act as energy depots, where the reverse deformation can be initiated by heating and the stored energy is released via thermal cycloreversion reaction. Given the ubiquity of the [2+2] cycloaddition in the solid state, the current study invites the development of new dimeric architectures that utilize sunlight for energy storage.
Halogen Modulation: Novel Fluoropyridylphenylurea Derivatives as Potent Molluscicides Unveiling Snail‐Killing Mechanisms
Authors: Liang Jinsong , Lu Yuxun , Wang Weisi , Zhao Yu‐Qiang , Yu Le , Chen Ying , Duan Liping , Zhou Ying 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPomacea canaliculata is an invasive species that poses significant threats to agriculture and human health. The development of environmentally friendly molluscicides is crucial for its management. In this study, we synthesized 17 fluoropyridylphenylurea derivatives using a halogen modulation strategy to explore their potential as molluscicides. Compounds L‐1 and L‐2 demonstrated notable molluscicidal activity, with LC50 values of 1.377 mg/L and 1.001 mg/L, respectively. Among these, L‐2 exhibited superior efficacy while causing minimal harm to other aquatic organisms, particularly fish. The molluscicidal mechanism of L‐2 was investigated using Tandem Mass Tags (TMT)‐labeled quantitative proteomic analysis and non‐targeted metabolic analysis. These analyses revealed that L‐2 significantly affected the liver metabolism of P. canaliculata by disrupting the transaminase, gluconeogenesis, and glycolysis pathways. This metabolic disruption is likely a contributing factor to the mortality observed in the snails. Our findings suggest that compound L‐2 is a promising molluscicide, offering high efficiency and minimal environmental impact. These insights could guide future research and development in molluscicide applications.
Artificial Neural Network: Optimization and Characterization of α‐Amylase Production from Bacillus velezensis Species
Authors: Bhimana Sasidhar , Ravindran Saravanan 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThis article delves into the application of design of experiments methodologies for the integration of a second‐order definitive screening design (DSD) and artificial neural network (ANN) to comprehensively assess and predict nine operational variables aimed at increasing the yield of α‐amylase from Bacillus velezensis species. By utilizing environmentally friendly and cost‐effective agro‐solid substrates such as moong husk and soya bean cake, the physical and chemical parameters influencing α‐amylase biosynthesis from B. velezensis species were optimized, gathering early data from experiments conducted in shake flasks through the standard one‐factor‐at‐a‐time (OFAT) technique. In the realm of response surface methodology (RSM) utilizing the DSD model, nine process variables were taken into account, including pH, temperature, carbon source, nitrogen source, K2PO4, MgSO4, NaCl, fructose, and NaNO3. Furthermore, optimization based on ANN modeling was employed to enhance the enzyme yield further. Experiments were then executed under the optimal conditions as defined by RSM and ANN to corroborate the predicted optimized enzyme activity. As a result, B. velezensis species exhibited enzyme activity of 1092.49 U/mL under the optimal process variables identified by both RSM and ANN optimization methods, which included pH 5.48, temperature (34.28°C), carbon source (4.09%), nitrogen source (2.02%), K2PO4 (0.34%), MgSO4 (0.14%), NaCl (0.23%), fructose (1.54%), and NaNO3 (0.53%). To encapsulate, compared to the OFAT technique, where the enzyme activity was 418.25 U/mL, a 2.6‐fold increase in enzyme activity was achieved by integrating DSD and ANN optimization, considering only nine significant process parameters for the proliferation of B. velezensis species and the maximization of α‐amylase activity. The α‐amylase enzyme from the B. velezensis species was further purified and characterized. The purification process achieved a 71.77‐fold increase in specific activity, with the purified enzyme exhibiting optimal activity at pH 5.5 and 55°C. The enzyme displayed high thermal stability, with minimal activity loss up to 4°C. Kinetic analysis revealed a KM of 0.85 mg/mL and a Vmax of 250 U/mg/min. The enzyme was found to be metal‐independent, with inhibition observed for certain metal ions.
Assessing the Adjuvant Potential of Chinese Hamster Ovary Host Cell Proteins Using an In Vitro Dendritic Cell Assay
Authors: Panikulam Sherin , Morgan Hannah , Gutknecht Michael , Karle Anette , Rajaratnam Atchaya , Muntwyler Jennifer , Anderka Oliver , Lebesgue Nicolas , Villiger Thomas K. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTHost cell proteins (HCPs) are process‐related impurities of therapeutic protein production and may affect product quality or patient safety. In clinical trials, certain HCPs (e.g., PLBL2 or CCL2) that co‐purify with the therapeutic protein have been associated with immune reactions in patients. In this study, we examined the adjuvant potential of six commonly detected HCPs from CHO cells (PRDX1, S100A4, PLBL2, CCL2, CLU, and YWHAE) using an in vitro dendritic cell (DC) maturation assay. Recombinant HCPs were expressed in CHO cells to mimic manufacturing conditions. PRDX1, S100A4, and PLBL2 caused a slight increase in the expression of maturation markers on DCs, while YWHAE, CLU, and CCL2 did not. Interestingly, CLU and CCL2 reduced the DC maturation induced by rituximab. In addition, we observed that process parameters such as elution conditions during chromatographic purification can influence HCP aggregation, which in turn can mask or enhance the intrinsic adjuvant potential of an HCP. These findings not only provide initial insights into the adjuvant potential of individual HCPs but also indicate that the quantity as well as the degree of aggregation of HCPs might influence adjuvanticity.
Enhanced Natural Killer Cell Proliferation by Stress‐Induced Feeder Cells
Authors: Lee Donghyun , Song Myeongkwan , Kwon Soonjo 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTNatural killer (NK) cells, integral to the innate immune system, are notable in cell therapies because of their applicability in allogeneic treatments, distinguishing them from T cells typically employed in conventional cell therapies. However, their limited half‐life (proliferative capability) poses a challenge for therapy. The limited half‐life creates difficulties in obtaining a sufficient number of cells for in vitro adoptive therapy. Gene modification is commonly employed to address this limitation. However, due to concerns such as genetic instability and unintended gene expression, its suitability for long‐term cultivation is uncertain. Consequently, safer alternatives are needed. We aimed to promote NK cell proliferation through feeder cells rather than genetic modification. These cells are designed to interact with NK cells without adverse effects, aiming to promote NK cell proliferation more safely. In our study, during the tailoring of feeder cells, we excluded genetic modification and instead applied chemical‐based extracellular stress. The extracellular stress applied consisted of hypoxia and cytochalasin D. By treating the feeder cells with these stressors, we were able to inhibit feeder cell proliferation, enabling them to function more efficiently as feeder cells. Furthermore, we observed that the feeder cells subjected to extracellular stress exhibited upregulated expression of 4‐1BBL, which enhances the 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL interaction with NK cells. The upregulated 4‐1BBL binds to 4‐1BB on the surface of NK cells, promoting their proliferation. Additionally, following coculture with feeder cells exposed to extracellular stress, we observed an upregulation of CD56 expression on the surface of NK cells. These CD56bright NK cells influence NK cell proliferation through enhanced cytokine release. We further validated this process under dynamic conditions where shear stress is applied, demonstrating that the feeder cell‐mediated enhancement of NK cell proliferation is applicable under dynamic conditions such as those found in bioreactors.
A Selective and Sensitive Method Development and Validation for Impurity Quantification in Cysteamine Bitartrate Bulk and Formulation by RP‐HPLC
Authors: Katakam Prasanth , Pathak Umesh N. , Chollety Vijay Kumar , Tripuramallu Bharat Kumar 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTRP‐HPLC was used to develop and validate a simple, selective, and sensitive impurity quantification method for cysteamine bitartrate formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Shim‐pack Sceptre HD‐C18‐5 μm 4.6 × 250 mm column. The mobile phase‐A was 43 mM 1‐hexane sulfonic acid sodium salt monohydrate buffer adjusted to pH 2.2 with 0.1% orthophosphoric acid. Mobile phase‐B was acetonitrile. The column oven temperature was 40°C, and gradient elution was done at 0.8 mL per minute, and the gradient program was T/A: 0/100, 12/100, 12.1/90, 30/80, 35/70, 45/70, 45.1/100, and 60/100. To measure component quantities, a 200 nm wavelength and 10 μL injection volumes were utilized. The drug product and drug substance were subjected to the stress conditions such as acid, base, oxidation, heat, and photolysis as per the recommendations of the International Conference on Harmonization (Q2) methodology. Stress research shows that the approach is stable and peak homogeneous. High accuracy (97%–103% recoveries), precision (≤ 1.0%), specificity (R2 > 0.999), and linearity (R2  > 0.999) were achieved with the approach. The detection limit (LOD) was 0.3 μg mL−1, whereas the quantification limit (LOQ) was 1.0 μg mL−1. The analytical method was validated according to ICH and USP < 1225 > guidelines. For quality control, the method was exact, particular, linear, accurate, and resilient.
The Continued Mismeasurement of Plasma Serotonin: A Systematic Review
Authors: Pillalamarri Saketh , Anderson George M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTStudies reporting on the analysis of free plasma (platelet‐poor plasma, PPP) serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, 5‐HT) in plasma obtained from healthy humans have been systematically reviewed. The review covered the period from 2010 to July 2024 and is a follow‐up of a similar review published in 2011 which found that nearly all published reported of PPP 5‐HT were clearly and markedly erroneously high. This problem has persisted unabated with nearly all retrieved 47 reports from the past 14 years also apparently being erroneously high. Possible causes and consequences of the problem are discussed along with potential approaches to improving the analysis and reporting of plasma 5‐HT. Most of the errors appear to arise from pre‐analytical problems that occur during the preparation of PPP due to residual platelets and/or due to the release of platelet 5‐HT. The large number of fields interested in plasma 5‐HT and the disparate publication venues appear to have contributed to a general lack of awareness of the difficulties with analyzing plasma 5‐HT. The reporting of erroneous plasma 5‐HT values has led to unsupported conclusions about possible alterations in plasma 5‐HT and about the role of plasma 5‐HT across a wide range of biomedical research areas.
Millennial Consumers' Intention to Purchase Organic Food: Do Environmental Concerns Matter?
Authors: Cavite Harry Jay M. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWhile the organic food market continues to grow globally, millennials' purchase intentions for organic products often lag behind their expressed interest in sustainability. This study investigates the factors influencing millennials' purchase intentions and examines the moderating role of environmental concerns in the organic food context, addressing business strategy gaps in leveraging environmental concerns for increased organic food consumption. Using a unified framework based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB), data were collected from 499 millennial consumers through structured online surveys. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to validate the proposed direct and moderating hypotheses. The results reveal that attitude, perceived behavioural control and trust in organic food are significant predictors of purchase intention. Moreover, environmental concerns moderate the relationship between subjective norms and purchase intention, suggesting that societal expectations combined with ecological awareness drive millennials toward sustainable consumption. This study offers a new lens to understand sustainable consumption patterns among younger generations globally and provides actionable insights for business managers to align sustainability strategies with evolving consumer preferences, particularly those of millennials. The findings highlight the importance of emphasising the environmental benefits of organic food, improving product accessibility and strengthening community engagement programs to drive sustainability, promote market growth promote market growth and reinforce trust in the organic food sector.