bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molecular evidence of the independent origin of multiple Wilms tumors in a case of WAGR syndrome
Authors: Uccini Stefania , Perotti Daniela , Colarossi Cristina , Stoppacciaro Antonella , Sardella Michele , Mannarino Olga , Collini Paola , Casieri Paola , Cozzi Denis , Amoroso Loredana , Spreafico Filippo , Radice Paolo , Dominici Carlo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundThis study investigated the genetic events leading to tumorigenesis in a patient affected with WAGR syndrome who developed multiple distinct Wilms tumors (WTs).Procedure and ResultsAt 1 year of age, the child developed two synchronous bilateral WTs that were resected by partial nephrectomy. Histologically, these tumors were fetal rhabdomyomatous nephroblastomas. Immunohistochemical study revealed the absence of nuclear expression of WT1 protein, while β‐catenin protein was expressed at nuclear level by the large majority of tumor cells. Molecular investigations of WT1 gene and exon 3 of β‐catenin (CTNNB1) gene detected no mutations. At 4 years of age, 28 months after the chemotherapy completion, a third WT was diagnosed in the left kidney, and surgically removed before any further chemotherapy. Nine months after surgery, a metastasis was detected in the left lung. Both the third renal tumor and the lung metastasis showed a blastema‐predominant morphology. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the lack of expression of WT1 protein, while β‐catenin protein was expressed at nuclear level by the large majority of tumor cells. Molecular analysis of the third renal tumor and the lung metastasis revealed a 4 bp deletion in exon 7 of WT1 gene, leading to a frameshift of the reading frame and to a premature stop of the translation (c.925_928delACTC, p.T309LfsX71); no mutations in the exon 3 of the β‐catenin gene were documented.ConclusionsThese data demonstrate that multiple WTs can arise as a consequence of different genetic events in a patient with genetic predisposition, such as WAGR syndrome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;51:344–348. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Short‐term follow‐up of patients with sickle cell disease and albuminuria
Authors: Alvarez Ofelia , Lopez‐Mitnik Gabriela , Zilleruelo Gaston 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBackgroundAlbuminuria with normal serum creatinine occurs frequently in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but the rate of progression to more advanced chronic renal disease is unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the rate of progression of children and young adults with SCD and albuminuria over time.ProcedureUrine albumin/creatinine (A/C) ratios and serum creatinine were obtained serially. Serum cystatin C levels were determined in a subgroup of 20 patients.ResultsOf 38 patients with SCD who had albuminuria (30 with microalbuminuria and 8 with proteinuria), 10.5% had progressive disease during follow‐up of 20 ± 12 months. Progressive disease was observed in 2 of 30 patients with MA because MA worsened to either intermittent proteinuria (1 patient), or persistent proteinuria after 7 months follow‐up (1 patient). Two of eight patients with proteinuria worsened to nephrotic‐range after 8 and 17 months with elevations of serum creatinine. All eight patients with proteinuria were treated with angiotensin blockade and/or hydroxyurea. Of those, six patients responded to treatment with decreased albuminuria and no changes in serum creatinine. Serum cystatin C level trended to increase before serum creatinine in patients with proteinuria.ConclusionsPatients with rapid progression to nephrotic‐range proteinuria showed decreased kidney function. Therefore, patients with albuminuria should be monitored closely for progression, and therapy with hydroxyurea and/or angiotensin blockade should be considered for patients who develop proteinuria. Serum cystatin C appears more sensitive than serum creatinine to detect early decrease in kidney function. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1236–1239. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of annealing and orientation on microstructures and mechanical properties of polylactic acid
Authors: Yu Long , Liu Hongshen , Xie Fengwei , Chen Ling , Li Xiaoxi 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo types of polylactic acid (PLA) films (one amorphous and one semi‐crystalline) were produced by sheet extrusion. Talc was used as a nucleation agent for the semi‐crystalline PLA. The films were annealed above their Tg or were uniaxially orientated in two ways: (1) via a drawing system in front of the extruder and die or (2) via a three‐roller stretching system. The slower crystallization rate and lower melting stress of the PLA resulted in amorphous film using the drawing system. Annealing above Tg increased crystallinity and polymer chain relaxation, which resulted in increases in both strength and toughness. Stretching above Tg also produced simultaneous crystallization and chain relaxation, which resulted in increases in both modulus and toughness. Both modulus and tensile strength in the stretching direction were higher than in the crosswise direction. Talc acted not only as a rigid filler to reinforce the PLA, but also as a nucleation agent for the PLA, especially during annealing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Local thermo‐oxidative degradation in injection molding
Authors: Schmiederer Dirk , Gardocki Aleksander , Kühnert Ines , Schmachtenberg Ernst 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA loss in part properties and service life is caused by thermal, mechanical, and thermo‐oxidative stress during processing of thermoplastic materials. Process related thermal and mechanical stresses are inevitable. However, processing under exclusion of oxygen can reduce the thermo‐oxidative stress. A lower thermo‐oxidative stress can yield a higher transparency of optical parts, less reduction of average molecular weight for example in microinjection molding, and a longer service life due to less consumption of stabilizers during processing. For a cost‐effective and gentle process it is important to know at which step of processing the polymer is exposed to thermo‐oxidative degradation and where the oxygen comes from causing degradation. To study the local thermo‐oxidative stress, an injection molding machine was encapsulated and run under local exclusion of oxygen. As reported in this article, thermo‐oxidative degradation occurs in the plasticating unit due to oxygen from the surrounding air and oxygen dissolved in the polymer resin. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Evaluation of anilinopyrimidine and other fungicides for control of grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) in container‐grown Calluna vulgaris
Authors: McQuilken Mark P , Thomson J 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Grey mould (Botrytis cinerea Pers. ex Fr.) is a damaging disease affecting container‐grown Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hull. Trials were conducted to test anilinopyrimidine fungicides (pyrimethanil, cyprodinil and mepanipyrim), azoxystrobin and tolylfluanid for crop safety on cultivars, and to evaluate spray programmes based on alternating these fungicides with different modes of action for disease control. Timing and application at different spray intervals were also investigated.RESULTS:Cyprodinil was slightly phytotoxic on only one of the seven cvs tested. Alternating nine‐spray programmes of azoxystrobin with an anilinopyrimidine or tolylfluanid, or an anilinopyrimidine with tolylfluanid, with the first spray applied immediately after potting, were equally effective in reducing disease incidence and severity compared with untreated plants. Spray programmes of five or eight sprays, using an anilinopyrimidine and at least one other fungicide with a different mode of action, applied alternately or in blocks of two sprays of the same fungicide and immediately after potting, were equally effective in reducing disease. Omission of early fungicide sprays until 9 weeks after potting and subsequent alternate application of pyrimethanil and tolylfluanid with a different mode of action at 6 week intervals gave reduced disease control.CONCLUSION:There is potential to use spray programmes based on alternating anilinopyrimidines with fungicides with a different mode of action to provide effective control of B. cinerea on C. vulgaris. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Fluorinated phthalocyanines as molecular semiconductor thin films
Authors: Brinkmann H. , Kelting C. , Makarov S. , Tsaryova O. , Schnurpfeil G. , Wöhrle D. , Schlettwein D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThin films of perfluorinated phthalocyanines F16Pc show promise as molecular semiconductors in organic field effect transistors. A review is provided of growth studies and electrical characterization of presently discussed materials. Using this state‐of‐the‐art as a starting point the synthesis and position of energy levels of partly fluorinated Zn(II) phthalocyanines is described. Growth characteristics of vapour‐deposited thin films on inorganic and organic dielectrics are studied. Possibilities to use fluorinated phthalocyanines in technical applications of OFET are discussed. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carbon nanotube transistors – chemical functionalization and device characterization
Authors: Balasubramanian Kannan , Lee Eduardo J. H. , Weitz Ralf Thomas , Burghard Marko , Kern Klaus 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis review presents an overview of the recent progress made in the field of carbon nanotube (CNT)‐based field‐effect transistors (FETs). Starting from the simplest device architectures, various methods reported for fabricating CNT‐FETs are presented. The main focus is laid on the use of chemical functionalization strategies both at a tube and at a device level to improve the performance of the devices. In addition to solid dielectric gate insulators, the use of liquids or solid polymer electrolytes as effective electrochemical gating media is outlined. Following this, device parameters of the various CNT‐FETs are compared and discussed. Finally, the utility of scanning photocurrent microscopy as an efficient characterization tool to estimate electronic band‐profiles of CNT‐FETs is highlighted. The review concludes with future perspectives in this rapidly emerging field. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polarization sensitive spectroscopy of charged quantum dots
Authors: Poem E. , Shemesh J. , Marderfeld I. , Galushko D. , Akopian N. , Gershoni D. , Gerardot B. D. , Badolato A. , Petroff P. M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present an experimental and theoretical study of the polarized PL spectrum of single semiconductor quantum dots in various charge states. We compare our polarization sensitive spectral measurements with a novel many‐carrier theoretical model. The model considers both the isotropic and anisotropic exchange interactions between all participating electron‐hole pairs. We demonstrate that lines emanating from evenly charged states are linearly polarized. Their measured polarization direction does not necessarily coincide with the traditional crystallographic direction. It depends on the shells of the single carriers which participate in the recombination process. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Magneto‐optical properties of quantum rods and superlattices
Authors: Schillak P. , Czajkowski G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe show how to compute the optical functions (the complex magneto‐susceptibility, dielectric function, magneto‐reflection spectra) for semiconductor quantum rods (QRDs) and superlattices (SLs) exposed to a uniform magnetic field in the growth direction, including the excitonic effects. The method uses the microscopic calculation of nanostructure excitonic wave functions and energy levels, and the macroscopic real density matrix approach to compute the electromagnetic fields and susceptibilities. The electron‐hole screened Coulomb potential and the valence band structure are taken into account. The novelty of our approach is that the solution is obtained in terms of known one‐particle electron and hole eigenfunctions, those omitting the complicated problem of the center‐of‐mass and relative motion separation in the magnetic field. Our approach applies, first of all, for low dimensional systems (QDS, QRDs, nanorings etc.) where, due to confinement effects accompanied by the e‐h Coulomb interaction, the separation of the relative‐ and center‐of‐mass motion is not possible. The convergence of the proposed method is examined. Numerical calculations have been performed for a Ga1x Alx As/GaAs SL and a CdSe QRD. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Spectroscopic ellipsometry of materials for infrared micro‐device fabrication
Authors: Folks W. R. , Ginn J. , Shelton D. , Tharp J. , Boreman G. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFor many common types of process materials used in the fabrication of infrared microelectronic devices there is a lack of information available in the literature regarding their thin‐film optical properties over the wavelength range of 2 to 30 micrometers. In this article, spectroscopic ellipsometry is used to determine room‐temperature optical constants in the infrared for a variety of organic and inorganic coatings commonly used in fabrication. Examples include coatings used for photolithography, coating, passivation, planarization, index matching, and stand‐off. Applications include infrared frequency selective surfaces, antennas, micro‐displays, and flexible substrates. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Experimental study of the systematic errors for a Mueller matrix double rotating compensator ellipsometer
Authors: Piller G. , Broch L. , Johann L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe Mueller Matrix Ellipsometer based on the optical PC1SC2A arrangement has been developped by Collins a few years ago. We present systematic errors due to a shift of the azimuth of the optical elements (i.e. polarizer, analyzer, the two compensators). This ellipsometer is more sensible to an error due to a compensator than an error due to the analyzer or the polarizer. The errors on some coefficients mij cannot be cancelled but for the other, a four‐zone measurement method is proposed. A two zone method with A = P = ±45° is sufficient for an isotropic sample to eliminate the errors on ρpp. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Temperature‐dependent spectro‐ellipsometric studies of optical transitions near absorption edge of TlInS2
Authors: Shim Y. , Nishimoto Y. , Okada W. , Wakita K. , Mamedov N. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe temperature dependence of the absorption edge of the layered TlInS2 was studied in a region of the incommensurate phase by spectroscopic phase modulated ellipsometry (SPME) on (001) surfaces in incoherent reflection mode that was sensitive to both E⊥C* and E//C* components of the reflected light (C*: the direction bisecting the angle between two optic axes). The energy position of the absorption edge, which was obtained from the measured Ic signal, was found to exhibit an irregular behavior with temperature in a similar way with the obtained earlier temperature dependence of excitons. It is proposed that this behaviour reflects the changes in electronic spectrum due to the temperature phase transition while the peaking anomaly of the measured in‐layer‐plane optical anisotropy is mostly related with the spatial structure of the incommensurate phase. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Precise determination of layer structure with EUV ellipsometry data obtained by multilayer polarizing elements
Authors: Tsuru T. , Yamamoto M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractResults of model fitting analysis of a 40 nm thick Mo layer sample are presented showing high sensitivity of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) ellipsometry with use of multilayer polarizing elements of limited performance. For the analysis, published data of EUV ellipsometry and reflectometry measured at a photon energy of 97 eV were used. Double layer models with roughness well reproduced characteristic resonance‐like structures observed in the multiple angles of incidence ellipsome try including the sign conversions inΔ, which were remained unexplained. The analysis showed that a thin additional layer should exist on the Mo surface, thereby proved high structural sensitivity of EUV ellipsometry. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimizing precision of rotating compensator ellipsometry
Authors: Broch L. , Johann L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present a method especially adapted to the RCE ellipsometer in the PCSA configuration (Polarizer, Compensator, Sample, Analyzer) when measurements with high degree of accuracy are required. The optimum precision conditions can be achieved for any sample by an adjustement of the azimuth of the analyzer and the polarizer. This new method of tracking is used to minimize the random errors and new positions of the analyzer and the polarizer according the sample are given. In these cases, the variances of tan Ψ and tan Δ can be divided up to five. Experimental verification of error reductions is also achieved. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of ellipsometric porosimetry for in‐line characterization of ultra low‐κ dielectrics
Authors: Licitra C. , Bertin F. , Darnon M. , Chevolleau T. , Guedj C. , Cetre S. , Fontaine H. , Zenasni A. , Chapelon L. L. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEllipsometric porosimetry (EP) has recently appeared to be a suitable non‐destructive technique for the characterization of porous ultra low‐κ (ULK) dielectrics. The analysis of ellipsometric spectra of a film during adsorption and desorption cycles of an adsorptive, allows the determination of its open pore fraction, pore size distribution, refractive index and thickness. Several issues are encountered when integrating low‐κ materials as inter‐metal dielectrics (IMD) in the CMOS architecture such as the deposition monitoring, the pore sealing efficiency and the process induced damages. In this study we focus on the capabilities of EP to characterize ULK materials and their integration processes. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural characterization of constituents with molecular diversity in fractions from Lysidice brevicalyx by liquid chromatography/diode‐array detection/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography/nuclear magnetic resonance
Authors: Qu Jing , Hu You‐cai , Li Jian‐bei , Wang Ying‐hong , Zhang Jin‐lan , Abliz Zeper , Yu Shi‐shan , Liu Yun‐bao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA combination of electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/ESI‐MSn), and hyphenation of liquid chromatography to nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HPLC/NMR), have been extensively utilized for on‐line analysis of natural products, analyzing metabolite and drug impurity. In our last paper, we reported an on‐line analytical method for structural identification of trace alkaloids in the same class. However, the structural types of the constituents in plants were various, such as flavanoids, terpenoids and steroids. It is important to establish an effective analytical method for on‐line structural identification of constituents with molecular diversity in extracts of plants. So, in the present study, the fragmentation patterns of some isolated stilbenes, phloroglucinols and flavanoids from Lysidice rhodostegia were investigated by ESI‐MSn. Their fragmentation rules and UV characteristics are summarized, and the relationship between the spectral characteristics, rules and the structures is described. According to the fragmentation rules, NMR and UV spectral characteristics, 24 constituents of different types in the fractions from L. brevicalyx of the same genus were structurally characterized on the basis of HPLC/HRMS, HPLC‐UV/ESI‐MSn, HPLC/1H NMR and HPLC/1H‐1H COSY rapidly. Of these, six (10, 13, 14, 16, 17 and 23) are new compounds and all of them are reported from L. brevicalyx for the first time. The aim is to develop an effective analytical method for on‐line structural identification of natural products with molecular diversity in plants, and to guide the rapid and direct isolation of novel compounds by chemical screening. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray tandem mass spectrometric analysis of novel synthetic quinoxalinone derivatives
Authors: Joly Nicolas , Jarmoumi Chakir , Massoui Mohamed , Essassi El Mokhtar , Martin Patrick , Banoub Joseph H. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractElectrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS/MS) using a hybrid QqToF‐MS/MS instrument has aided the structural characterization and differentiation of a novel series of medicinal synthetic 1‐N‐glycoside‐quinoxalinone derivatives. These derivatives 7 and 8 are formed by an amino bond between the cyclic N‐1 of the quinoxaline moiety and the C‐6 position of a fully protected methyl or allyl α‐D‐mannofuranoside 3 and 4, and subsequent deprotection of the mannopyranoside moiety. In general the novel synthetic quinoxaline derivatives afforded the protonated molecules in ESI. The breakdown routes of the protonated molecules were rationalized by conducting low‐energy CID‐MS/MS analyses. In addition, re‐confirmation of the various established fragmentation routes was achieved by conducting a series of ESI‐CID‐QqTof‐MS/MS product ion scans on various selected precursor ions, which were initiated by CID in the atmospheric pressure/vacuum interface using a higher declustering potential. ESI‐QqToF‐MS/MS analysis has proven to be a specific and very sensitive method for the structural identification in the gas phase of these novel glycoquinoxalinamine derivatives. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pretreatment technique for siderite removal for organic carbon isotope and C:N ratio analysis in geological samples
Authors: Larson Toti E. , Heikoop Jeffrey M. , Perkins George , Chipera Steve J. , Hess Marcey A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA method for the removal of siderite from geological samples to determine organic carbon isotope compositions using elemental analysis isotope ratio mass spectrometry is presented which includes calculations for % organic carbon in samples that contain diagenetic carbonate. The proposed method employs in situ acidification of geological samples with 6 N HCl and silver capsule sample holders and was tested on modern peach leaf samples (NIST 1547) and ancient lacustrine samples from Valles Caldera, New Mexico. The in situ acidification technique eliminates potential errors associated with the removal of soluble organic material using standard acid decanting techniques and allows for removal of the less soluble siderite, which is not efficiently removed using vapor acidification techniques. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.