bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and prognostic impact of complex percutaneous coronary intervention among octogenarians
Authors: Spirito Alessandro , Gao Michael , Sartori Samantha , Vogel Birgit , Pentousis Paris , Singh Ranbir , Jiang Yijia , Dangas George , Kini Annapoorna , Sharma Samin K. , Mehran Roxana 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe number of octogenarians referred to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is rising steadily. The prevalence and prognostic impact of complex PCI (CPCI) in this vulnerable population has not been fully evaluated.MethodsPatients ≥80 years old who underwent PCI between 2012 and 2019 at Mount Sinai Hospital were included. Patients were categorized based on PCI complexity, defined as the presence of at least one of the following criteria: use of atherectomy, total stent length ≥60 mm, ≥3 stents implanted, bifurcation treated with at least 2 stents, PCI involving ≥3 vessels, ≥3 lesions, left main, saphenous vein graft or chronic total occlusion. The primary outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), a composite of all‐cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), or target‐vessel revascularization (TVR), within 1 year after PCI. Secondary outcomes included major bleeding.ResultsAmong 2657 octogenarians, 1387 (52%) underwent CPCI and were more likely to be men and to have cardiovascular risk factors or comorbidities. CPCI as compared with no‐CPCI was associated with a higher 1‐year risk of MACE (16.6% vs. 11.1%, adjusted HR 1.3, 95% CI 1.06–1.77, p value 0.017), due to an excess of MI and TVR, and major bleeding (10% vs. 5.8%, adjusted HR 1.64, 95% CI 1.20–2.55, p value 0.002).ConclusionsAmong octogenarians, CPCI was associated with a significantly higher 1‐year risk of MACE, due to higher rates of MI and TVR but not of all‐cause death, and of major bleeding. Strategies to reduce complications should be implemented in octogenarians undergoing CPCI.
In‐Depth Investigation of the Reaction Parameters Tuning the Ethyl Levulinate Synthesis from Fructose and Inulin
Authors: Fulignati Sara , Antonetti Claudia , Raspolli Galletti Anna Maria , Bonaldi Lorenzo , Ribechini Erika , Mattonai Marco , Licursi Domenico , Di Fidio Nicola 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlkyl levulinates (ALs) are strategic compounds for the development of sustainable energy transition. In this regard, the direct alcoholysis of fructose and inulin for the selective ethyl levulinate (EL) production was investigated with a One‐Factor‐At‐a‐Time (OFAT) approach employing diluted H2SO4 as catalyst to clarify the role of the main reaction parameters (substrate and acid loadings, temperature, reaction time). The OFAT investigation on fructose ethanolysis allowed to reach the EL yield of 91.5 mol%. The inulin ethanolysis was then optimized adopting the multivariate approach based on the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), which highlighted the interplay of the reaction parameters on the selective EL production. This allowed to identify the optimal conditions to reach the highest EL yield (up to 89.3 mol%) and also those which ensured the highest EL concentration, adopting a substrate loading (14 wt%) higher than the majority ones reported in the literature according to the high gravity approach, and the lowest diethyl ether (DEE) by‐product yield. The DEE formation is scarcely investigated in the literature, but it can negatively influence the alcoholysis process, thus it was considered in this work. Moreover, the humin solid residue was deeply characterized to envisage its possible applications, under a circular economy perspective.
Heterogeneously Catalyzed Partial Oxidation of Styrene on a Silver Surface
Authors: Dissanayake Rasika E. A. , Dorst Arved C. , Benfreha Kerim , Killelea Daniel R. , Schäfer Tim 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe epoxidation of olefins on Ag/O systems is a significant industrial‐scale process within heterogeneous catalysis. However, the details of the surface reaction remain controversial, and it has been highly challenging to reconcile the findings from cataltyic studies under reaction conditions with the highly detailed static studies under carefully controlled ultra‐high vacuum (UHV) conditions. In this study, we combine molecular beam surface scattering and ion imaging techniques to explore the partial oxidation of styrene. This experimental approach enhances the sensitivity to the extent that we can directly observe the partial oxidation product, styrene oxide, under UHV conditions. We note that partial oxidation exclusively occurs at high oxygen coverages, which we attribute to the reaction of styrene with electrophilic oxygen formed specifically at elevated coverages.
Dinuclear Copper Complex for High‐Rate Hydrogen Evolution Under Neutral Aqueous Conditions
Authors: Younus Hussein A. , Emam Heba , Ahmad Nazir , Negm Mosaad , Alomar Muneerah , Elantabli Fatma M. , El‐Rabiei Mohammed M. , Al Hajri Rashid , Zhang Shiguo , Al Abri Mohammed 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe development of an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), based on earth‐abundant components, represents a crucial step toward cost‐effective and environmentally friendly hydrogen production. This study presents the utilization of a dinuclear copper catalyst, denoted as [Cu‐Gly‐SB] (Complex 1), for HER under both aqueous and non‐aqueous conditions. In non‐aqueous settings, the catalyst achieves excellent HER performance, requiring only a 270 mV overpotential when acetic acid is used as the proton donor. Notably, in fully aqueous conditions, complex 1 attains a remarkable current density of 18.8 mA ⋅ cm−2 at −0.7 V vs. RHE in cyclic voltammetry. The kobs value of ≈2.7×104 s−1 in aqueous solution at pH 7.0 further underlines the superior catalytic performance of 1, outperforming most non‐noble‐metal molecular catalysts functioning in fully aqueous solutions. The robust stability of 1 is demonstrated through controlled potential electrolysis (CPE) over a span of 48 hours, achieving an impressive catalytic current of 11.0 mA ⋅ cm−2 at −0.39 V. Moreover, the catalytic current gradually increases with higher reduction potentials, reaching a substantial 100 mA ⋅ cm−2 at an overpotential of 590 mV during CPE >48 hours. Thorough characterizations further confirm the molecular nature of the catalyst.
Electrochemical Ethanol Oxidation using RuO2‐Based Catalysts: Suppressing OER and Tailored Switching between Water Oxidation and Ethanol Oxidation
Authors: Kohlhaas Ina , Kurig Nils , Palkovits Regina 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFor an efficient hydrogen production, electrochemical ethanol oxidation is a great alternative to the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) due to the generation of value‐added products. In this electrosynthetic contribution, the properties of ethanol oxidation are investigated with regard to the influence of pH, temperature and potential using RuO2‐based catalysts. Results show acetic acid as main reaction product with yields of up to 29 % and Faraday efficiencies of ≥71 %. Increasing the potential marginally from 1.40 V vs. RHE to 1.45 V vs. RHE promoted parasitic OER and, therefore, yield (≥10 %) and Faraday efficiency (≥56 %) of the organic products decreased. Doping RuO2 electrodes with TiO2 shows promising results in suppressing OER during ethanol oxidation. Additionally, the catalyst allows moderate OER potentials in water electrolysis, making the catalyst a switchable material.
Response surface experimental design for simultaneous chromatographic determination of two antiviral agents “Favipiravir and Remdesivir” in pharmaceuticals and spiked plasma samples
Authors: Abdel Hakiem Ahmed Faried , Boushra John M. , Noureldeen Deena A. M. , Lashien Adel S. , Attia Tamer Z. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe antiviral agents, Favipiravir (FAV) and Remdesivir (REM), were introduced in the last few years alone or as combination regimen for successful management of the rapidly spreading CORONA virus pandemic. A newly developed rapid and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of their mixture. Firstly, one factor at a time optimization (OFAT) has been applied. Afterwards, quality by design approach (QbD) has been utilized using Box Behnken experimental design (BBD) for the development of an experimental design of four independent and nine dependent variables for much better refining of the optimized parameters. The established model has given an optimum resolution at; acetonitrile percentage of 52.66, mobile phase of pH 2.91, percentage of triethylamine of 0.15 and 1.30 mL/min flow rate. The proposed method has been validated according to the USP 31 NF 26 guidelines. Good linearity ranges have been obtained from 5.00 up to 50.00 μg/mL for FAV and from 2.00 up to 60.00 μg/mL for FAV and REM, respectively. Excellent relative standard deviation values (not more than 1.40) were obtained upon investigation of accuracy, precision and robustness. The developed method has succeeded in analysis of investigated drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and spiked plasma samples with good recoveries of 99.00 and up to 106.00%. The proposed method is considered eligible for the quality control laboratories as well as in‐vivo determinations of both analytes.
Unveiling a Novel Decomposition Pathway in Propylene Carbonate‐Based Supercapacitors: Insights from a Jelly Roll Configuration Study
Authors: Wuamprakhon Phatsawit , Phojaroen Jiraporn , Sangsanit Thitiphum , Santiyuk Kanruthai , Homlamai Kan , Tejangkura Worapol , Sawangphruk Montree 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis research elucidates novel insights into the electrochemical properties and degradation phenomena of propylene carbonate (PC)‐based supercapacitors at a large‐scale 18650 cylindrical jelly‐roll cell level. Central to our findings is the identification of 2‐ethyl‐4‐methyl‐1,3‐dioxolane (EMD) as a hitherto undocumented decomposition by‐product, highlighting the nuanced complexity of PC electrolyte stability. We further demonstrate that elevated operational voltages precipitate accelerated electrolyte degradation, underscoring the criticality of defining the operational voltage window for maximizing device longevity. Employing advanced analytical techniques, including gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS), this study meticulously analyzes electrolyte decomposition mechanisms. The outcomes offer pivotal insights into the operational constraints and chemical resilience of PC‐based supercapacitors, contributing significantly to the optimization of supercapacitor design and application. By delineating a specific decomposition pathway, this investigation enriches the understanding of electrochemical dynamics in supercapacitor systems, providing a foundation for future research and technological advancement in energy storage devices.
Effect of the habitat and tusks on trunk grasping techniques in African savannah elephants
Authors: Costes Pauline , Soppelsa Julie , Houssin Céline , Boulinguez‐Ambroise Grégoire , Pacou Camille , Gouat Patrick , Cornette Raphaël , Pouydebat Emmanuelle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAmong tetrapods, grasping is an essential function involved in many vital behaviours. The selective pressures that led to this function were widely investigated in species with prehensile hands and feet. Previous studies namely highlighted a strong effect of item properties but also of the species habitat on manual grasping behaviour. African savannah elephants (Loxodonta africana) are known to display various prehensile abilities and use their trunk in a large diversity of habitats. Composed of muscles and without a rigid structure, the trunk is a muscular hydrostat with great freedom of movement. This multitasking organ is particularly recruited for grasping food items while foraging. Yet, the diet of African savannah elephants varies widely between groups living in different habitats. Moreover, they have tusks alongside the trunk which can assist in grasping behaviours, and their tusk morphologies are known to vary considerably between groups. Therefore, in this study, we investigate the food grasping techniques used by the trunk of two elephant groups that live in different habitats: an arid study site in Etosha National Park in Namibia, and an area with consistent water presence in Kruger National Park in South Africa. We characterised the tusks profiles and compared the grasping techniques and their frequencies of use for different foods. Our results show differences in food‐grasping techniques between the two groups. These differences are related to the food item property and tusk profile discrepancies highlighted between the two groups. We suggest that habitat heterogeneity, particularly aridity gaps, may induce these differences. This may reveal an optimisation of grasping types depending on habitat, food size and accessibility, as well as tusk profiles.
Blunted cardiovascular responses to exercise by inhibiting afferent feedback via spinal cord stimulation in heart failure
Authors: Kim Chul‐Ho , Lamer Tim J. , Keller‐Ross Manda , Stolen Craig , Johnson Bruce D. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis case study investigated the impact of SCS on alterations in blood pressure during constant‐load exercise in a female patient with heart failure. Three different SCS frequencies [No SCS (~0 Hz), Low SCS (~100 Hz), and High SCS (~1000 Hz)] with and without ischaemic stimulation of the legs (cuffs) were randomly applied during constant‐load exercise. To determine cardiovascular and ventilatory responses to exercise following SCS frequencies, BP, heart rate (HR), and respiratory gas exchange were measured. This experiment was duplicated in visit 1 and visit 2 with a random application of SCS frequency order and the data were averaged. There were no significant differences among three frequencies with no leg ischaemia. However, High SCS demonstrated lower BP, HR, and respiratory gas exchange relative to No SCS and Low SCS. SCS may be effective in improving cardiovascular and ventilatory responses in HF and high‐frequency stimulation provides more clinical benefit; however, further studies are needed.
In Situ Fabrication of Cd Layer on Zn Foil Through Replacement Reaction for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction to CO
Authors: Wan Xiaoqi , Zhou Guangying , Chen Xuanhong , Qi Kongsheng , Li Hongping , Yu Linjie , Fan Zixi , Dong Weiwei , Yang Dexin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTransforming carbon dioxide (CO2) into valuable chemical products or carbonaceous fuels is a crucial strategy for addressing the impact of global climate change and energy challenges. Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) shows promise in this regard, but challenges remain in the eCO2RR, such as poor electrocatalytic activity and low selectivity of the target product. In this study, we report a one‐step method of replacement reaction for synthesizing a cadmium layer on the zinc foil surface (named as the Cd/Zn electrode) for efficient eCO2RR to CO. The thicknesses of Cd layers could be easily adjusted by varying the molar concentration of Cd2+. The Cd/Zn electrode with an approximately 2.0 μm thick Cd layer exhibited superior electrocatalytic performance of the eCO2RR to CO in the ionic liquid‐containing electrolytes. The highest Faradaic efficiency of CO reached up to 99.0 % at −1.9 V vs. Ag/Ag+, and the maximum CO partial current density achieved 34.8 mA cm−2 at −2.3 V vs. Ag/Ag+. The 3D fluffy Cd layer with a suitable thickness on the Zn foil surface provided abundant active sites, fast charge transfer rate, and strong adsorption ability of CO2⋅− intermediates, which contributed to the enhancement of the electrocatalytic performance of the eCO2RR to CO.
Synthesis of Noncoded Amino Acids Bearing a Salicylaldehyde Tag for the Design of Reversible‐Covalent Peptides
Authors: Mason Mattia , Nava Beatrice , Belvisi Laura , Pignataro Luca , Dal Corso Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInsertion of electrophilic species on the structure of small molecule ligands or peptides is a well‐known strategy to increase their binding affinity for the target protein of interest. Among these reactive units, the salicylaldehyde (SA) tag can form remarkably stable imine bonds with the ϵ‐amino group of lysine, a highly frequent residue in proteins. In this work, we describe the optimized synthesis of two new noncoded α‐amino acids, starting from l‐homoserine and featuring the SA tag on the side chain. One of these final compounds was successfully inserted into a model tripeptide through in‐solution synthesis. These building blocks will allow the versatile insertion of the SA tag at suitable position of peptide sequences, opening to a tailored design of Lys‐engaging peptide ligands.
Performance enhancement and optimization of primary frequency regulation of coal‐fired units under boundary conditions
Authors: Kang Jingqiu , Chen Xiaofeng , Yang Zhenyong , Liu Lei , You Mo , Zhao Yuzheng , Liang Boyang , Hao Junhong , Hong Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnder the dual‐carbon goal, due to the long‐term operation of thermal power units under wide load and frequent fluctuating load after heat supply transformation, the dynamic process of subcritical units is modeled, and a frequency modulation optimization technology based on frequency signal accuracy is proposed to ensure the accuracy of the speed signal and improve the qualification rate of primary frequency modulation action. At the same time, the frequency regulation technology of steam engine side control optimization under boundary working conditions is proposed, so as to realize the sensitivity and rapidity of the digital electric hydraulic control system. The coordination optimization technology under boundary working conditions is proposed, and the primary frequency regulation performance of the unit is improved through a series of optimization adjustments. Finally, the engineering application is carried out and the optimization effect is analyzed.
An anonymous and efficient certificateless signature scheme based on blockchain in NDN‐IoT environments
Authors: Wang Cong , Deng Xu , Ma Maode , Li Qiang , Bai Hongpeng , Zhang Yanan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Named Data Networking (NDN) architecture, known for its caching strategies and name‐based routing, is an exemplary paradigm for content distribution across Internet of Things (IoT) devices. In the environment of NDN‐IoT, there is an urgent demand for a lightweight signature authentication scheme suitable for terminal devices to ensure the integrity of Data packets and the legitimacy of their sources. Many researchers opt for employing certificateless public key cryptography measures to enhance the security of communication among terminal devices in NDN‐IoT. However, among the array of proposed solutions, issues such as lack of resistance against signer identity exposure, susceptibility to man‐in‐the‐middle attacks, and replay attacks persist. Some researchers advocate for partitioning the devices in NDN‐IoT into different zones, yet there remains a deficiency in the design of packet exchange mechanisms across distinct zones. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel blockchain‐based certificate‐less signature scheme in the NDN‐IoT environment that integrates key features such as distributed legitimate producer management, inter‐domain interaction mechanisms, anonymous identity protection, and blockchain storage optimization. The overarching goal is to provide robust security services for resource‐constrained devices within the NDN infrastructure while ensuring authenticity and integrity of data packets while alleviating the burden of certificate management on end devices. Compared to similar existing solutions, our proposed method incurs only 34% of the computational overhead required for Data packet signature verification, while maintaining equivalent cache occupancy and achieving higher security performance.
Holding the Guardrails on Involuntary Commitment
Authors: Coleman Carl H. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn response to the increasing number of mentally ill people experiencing homelessness, some policy‐makers have called for the expanded use of involuntary commitment, even for individuals who are not engaging in behaviors that are immediately life‐threatening. Yet there is no evidence that involuntary commitment offers long‐term benefits, and significant reasons to believe that expanding the practice will cause harm. In addition, these proposals ignore research showing that most people with mental illness have the capacity to make medical decisions for themselves. Rather than expanding the use of involuntary commitment, policy‐makers should support approaches proven to decrease the prevalence of homelessness, such as supportive housing. In addition, states should reevaluate their commitment standards for persons who pose no risk of harm to others. One promising approach is Northern Ireland's Mental Health Capacity Act of 2016, which establishes a uniform standard for imposing nonconsensual health care interventions, without any distinction between mental illnesses and other conditions in which capacity might be compromised.
Comparative etiological analysis of critical patients presenting to the emergency department with altered consciousness across age groups: A prospective observational study
Authors: Yildirim Harun , Armagan Erol , Kose Ataman , Eraybar Suna , Ahun Erhan , Cinar Sert Pinar 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of our study is to assess the relationship between altered consciousness in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) without a history of trauma and the physiological changes associated with aging. Additionally, we aim to compare diagnostic differences between patients under the age of 65 and those aged 65 and above.MethodsThis prospective study was conducted at the ED of Uludağ University Medical Faculty Hospital over a 1‐year period from December 2012 to November 2013. Patients aged 18 and above presenting with non‐traumatic altered consciousness were included, and they were categorized into two groups based on age: <65 years and ≥65 years. Comparison between age groups included gender, seasonal presentation, vital signs, consciousness level, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, requested consultations, diagnoses, and outcomes.ResultsOut of 646 patients, 312 (48%) were female, and 334 (52%) were male, with a mean age of 64.9 ± 16.4 years. The highest number of admissions for altered consciousness occurred during the summer season (n = 200, 31%). In the 65 and above age group, a statistically significant elevation was found in the mean systolic blood pressure (p < 0.05). In neurological diagnoses, cerebrovascular events were observed most frequently, while in non‐neurological diagnoses, endocrine/metabolic diseases were more common. It was observed that GCS scores were lower in neurological diagnoses (p = 0.020). Discharges were more frequent in the under 65 age group, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). It was found that the mortality rate was higher in non‐neurological diagnoses, and this was statistically significant (p < 0.001).ConclusionWhen determining the cause of altered consciousness in patients with such symptoms, a comprehensive understanding of physiological changes in elderly individuals is crucial. While high blood pressure may indicate neurological diagnoses, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fever may suggest non‐neurological causes.