bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Contemporary sample stacking in CE
Authors: Malá Zdena , Šlampová Andrea , Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSample stacking techniques remain an important tool for enhancement of the selectivity and sensitivity of analyses in contemporary CZE. This contribution reviews new knowledge on this topic published since 2006. It is organized according to the operational principles used, which include concentration adjustment, application of a pH step, MEKC and sweeping, and transient ITP. Techniques combining several of these principles and comparative studies are also included.
Ten years of axial capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection for CZE – a review
Authors: Kubáň Pavel , Hauser Peter C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractContactless conductivity detection is universal for CE in that all charged species can be quantified, and it is particularly attractive for those inorganic and organic ions that are not directly accessible by optical means. It is not necessary to make precise alignments or to create an optical window into the capillary. Commercial detectors that can be retrofitted to existing instruments are available at a cost that is lower than that of any other electrophoresis detector. The approach is also suited for lab‐on‐chip devices. It is attempted in this review to summarize some of the expertise accumulated since the introduction of the axial contactless conductivity detector to CE 10 years ago.
Virus analysis using electromigration techniques
Authors: Kremser Leopold , Blaas Dieter , Kenndler Ernst 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe discuss the progress during the last 4 years in the analysis of viruses by electrophoresis in capillaries and microfluidic devices. The paper is the continuation of a review published in this journal in 2005 [Kremser, L., Blaas, D., Kenndler, E., Electrophoresis 2004, 25, 2282–2291]. Eighteen papers on the topic have appeared since; the majority deals with zone electrophoresis and three reports are on IEF. These methods have been applied to human rhinoviruses, poliovirus Semliki Forest virus, norovirus‐like particles, and the two bacteriophages MS2 and T5. A main finding was that addition of detergents and salts to the BGEs are essential for the robustness of the CE analysis. Analyte detection was usually via UV absorbance but there are some examples where the viruses were rendered fluorescent via modification of the capsid proteins with reactive dyes and/or by non‐covalent attachment of intercalating fluorescent compounds to the nucleic acids making up the viral genome. Interestingly, some viruses are permeable to small molecular mass components; this allows fluorescent dyes to diffuse into the intact virus where they attach to the nucleic acid. Release of a viral genome upon heating was also monitored by using similar methodologies. Interactions of viruses and subviral particles with antibodies, receptors, and receptor‐decorated liposomes were investigated with CE methods, all by using a non‐equilibrium approach (i.e. co‐incubation of the components prior to CE separation). Viruses are multivalent (i.e. possess many identical surface‐exposed patches) and most of them are composed of defined numbers of identical subunits. The high resolution of CE has been most remarkably demonstrated by the separation of stoichiometric complexes between virus and a distinct number of soluble recombinant receptors and revealed their concentration‐dependent distribution.
Liquid‐phase‐based separation systems for depletion, prefractionation and enrichment of proteins in biological fluids for in‐depth proteomics analysis
Authors: Jmeian Yazen , El Rassi Ziad 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis review article is concerned with (i) proteomic sample preparation including among other things the depletion of high‐abundance proteins and the concentration of low‐abundance proteins and (ii) their subsequent prefractionation for further analysis. Subjects (i) and (ii) are essentials for in‐depth proteomic analysis by multidimensional liquid‐phase separation techniques (e.g. multidimensional electrophoresis and LC in various formats) followed by mass spectrometric identification and bioinformatic. More than 90 papers published in the period covering early 2000 to the present have been reviewed. It should be noted that this review article is by no means exhaustive, and the aim was to rather provide a concise description of the latest developments in the field.
Modelling time series with season‐dependent autocorrelation structure
Authors: Tripodis Yorghos , Penzer Jeremy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTime series with season‐dependent autocorrelation structure are commonly modelled using periodic autoregressive moving average (PARMA) processes. In most applications, the moving average terms are excluded for ease of estimation. We propose a new class of periodic unobserved component models (PUCM). Parameter estimates for PUCM are readily interpreted; the estimated coefficients correspond to variances of the measurement noise and of the error terms in unobserved components. We show that PUCM have correlation structure equivalent to that of a periodic integrated moving average (PIMA) process. Results from practical applications indicate that our models provide a natural framework for series with periodic autocorrelation structure both in terms of interpretability and forecasting accuracy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Befriending carers of people with dementia: a cost utility analysis
Authors: Wilson Edward , Thalanany Mariamma , Shepstone Lee , Charlesworth Georgina , Poland Fiona , Harvey Ian , Price David , Reynolds Shirley , Mugford Miranda 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveThere is very little evidence on the cost‐effectiveness of social care interventions for people with dementia or their carers. The BEfriending and Costs of CAring trial (BECCA, ISRCTN08130075) aimed to establish whether a structured befriending service improved the quality of life of carers of people with dementia, and at what cost.MethodsWe performed an economic evaluation alongside a single blind, randomised controlled trial in a community setting of 236 carers of people with a primary progressive dementia. The intervention was contact with a Befriender Facilitator (BF), and offer of match with a trained lay volunteer befriender compared with no BF contact. Main outcome measures were health and social care, voluntary sector, and family care costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) in carers over 15 months.ResultsMean QALYs per carer over 15 months were 0.017 higher in the intervention group compared with control (95%CI: −0.051, 0.083). Mean costs from a societal perspective were £1,813 higher (−£11,312, £14,984). The point estimate Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) is thus £105,954 per incremental QALY gained. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis suggests a 42.2% probability that the ICER is below £30,000 per QALY. Inclusion of dementia patient QALYs reduces the ICER to £28,848 (51.4% probability below £30,000).ConclusionsBefriending leads to a non‐significant trend towards improved carer quality of life, and there is a non‐significant trend towards higher costs for all sectors. It is unlikely that befriending is a cost‐effective intervention from the point of view of society. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Strategic M&As: Stronger in tough times?
Authors: Sánchez Carol M. , Goldberg Stephen R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGlobal acquisitions in the first quarter of 2008 were down 41 percent from the first quarter of 2007. But the value of strategic mergers and acquisitions (M&As)—as opposed to financial ones—dropped only 33 percent, while the number of deals rose 8 percent. Will strategic mergers withstand our economic downturn much better? The authors examine this question and discuss M&A trends and key success factors and give an update on initial public offering activity. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Managing the postclosing integration
Authors: Sherman Andrew J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA merger and acquisition (M&A) closing usually brings great sighs of relief. Everyone has worked hard to ensure success. But actually this is not the end of the process. The hard work of postclosing integration is about to begin.Managing that postclosing integration is one of the buyer's greatest challenges. How can the buyer avoid common pitfalls and engineer a smooth transition? The author of this article provides the answers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Due diligence issues in China
Authors: McGee Jo Ann , Byington J. Ralph 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe People's Republic of China was identified as one of the most attractive locations for anticipated mergers and acquisitions (M&As) over the next 18 months. Unfortunately, it is also considered to be one of the riskiest locations for investment—partly due to the growth of white‐collar crime (WCC). So any multinational firm planning M&A activities in China should include a search for WCC in their due diligence.However, conducting due diligence in China is very difficult. The authors take a critical look at these issues and detail the challenges that multinational firms will face. They also give some practical advice on how to handle those problems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Product recalls: What's your offshore production liability?
Authors: Raiborn Cecily A. , Massoud Marc F. , Raiborn Mitchell F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOutsourcing product manufacturing has become a common business practice in the United States. But outsourcing can also mean your ability to exercise quality control is limited. And a growing amount of product safety recalls threatens danger for both your customers and your company. Is it time to reconsider the decision to outsource production? © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Scube1 is expressed during facial development in the mouse
Authors: Xavier Guilheme M. , Sharpe Paul T. , Cobourne Martyn T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractScube1 encodes a secreted plasma membrane‐associated protein characterized by a N‐terminal signal peptide sequence, multiple EGF domains, a N‐linked glycosylated spacer region and a C‐terminal CUB region. Here, we describe expression of the mouse Scube1 gene during early craniofacial development. Transcripts were identified in the nervous system, within the ventral neural tube, telencephalon and trigeminal ganglion. In addition, strong regionally restricted expression was found in the facial processes, including the medial and lateral nasal processes, maxilla and mandible, and caudal pharyngeal arches. During tooth development, Scube1 localized to the dental papilla of both incisor and molar teeth. Together, these data suggest a potential role for Scube1 during early craniofacial development. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:518–524, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Odontoblast: a mechano‐sensory cell
Authors: Magloire Henry , Couble Marie‐Lise , Thivichon‐Prince Beatrice , Maurin Jean‐Christophe , Bleicher Francoise 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOdontoblasts are organized as a single layer of specialized cells responsible for dentine formation and presumably for playing a role in tooth pain transmission. Each cell has an extension running into a dentinal tubule and bathing in the dentinal fluid. A dense network of sensory unmyelinated nerve fibers surrounds the cell bodies and processes. Thus, dentinal tubules subjected to external stimuli causing dentinal fluid movements and odontoblasts/nerve complex response may represent a unique mechano‐sensory system giving to dentine‐forming cells a pivotal role in signal transduction. Mediators of mechano‐transduction identified in odontoblast include mechano‐sensitive ion channels (high conductance calcium‐activated potassium channel—KCa—and a 2P domain potassium channel—TREK‐1) and primary cilium. In many tissues, the latter is essential for microenvironment sensing but its role in the control of odontoblast behavior remains to be elucidated. Recent evidence for excitable properties and the concentration of key channels to the terminal web suggest that odontoblasts may operate as sensor cells. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:416–424, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
FT‐IR, FT‐Raman and DFT calculations of 3‐{[(4‐fluorophenyl)methylene]amino}‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one
Authors: Panicker C. Yohannan , Ambujakshan K. R. , Varghese Hema Tresa , Mathew Samuel , Ganguli Subarna , Nanda Ashis Kumar , Alsenoy Christian Van 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFourier transform (FT)‐Raman and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectra of 3‐{[(4‐fluorophenyl)methylene]amino}‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4(3H)‐one were recorded and analyzed. The vibrational wavenumbers of the title compound were computed using the B3LYP/6‐31G* basis and compared with the experimental data. The prepared compound was identified by NMR and mass spectra. The simultaneous IR and Raman activation of the CO stretching mode shows a charge transfer interaction through a π‐conjugated path. The first hyperpolarizability and infrared intensities are reported. The assignments of the normal modes are done by potential energy distribution (PED) calculations. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Temperature‐dependent Raman scattering studies of polycrystalline BiFeO3 bulk ceramics
Authors: Rout Dibyaranjan , Moon Kyoung‐Seok , Kang Suk‐Joong L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis work reports the temperature‐dependent Raman scattering study of mutiferroic BiFeO3 (BFO) bulk ceramics in a wide temperature range of 93–843 K. The polycrystalline samples are sintered at four different temperatures and characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), vibrating sample magnetometry, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and optical microscopy. The microstructure shows remarkable changes in terms of grain size and domain pattern as the sintering temperature increases. The DSC curves show prominent exothermic peaks at 645 K, the antiferromagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition temperature. The Raman spectra of all the four specimens reveal strong anomalies in the vicinity of the Neel temperature, which can be attributed to the multiferroic nature of BFO. The Raman scattering studies also reveal considerable spectral changes at a temperature range of 140–200 K in all the specimens, which can be inferred to a further spin–reorientation transition exhibited in BFO at a cryogenic temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and phenolic compounds in leaves and fruits of Olea europaea L. cv. Picual during ripening
Authors: Ortega‐García Francisca , Blanco Santos , Peinado M Ángeles , Peragón Juan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The kinetic and molecular properties of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase (PAL) in leaves and fruit of the olive tree (Picual variety) have been studied during the seasonal process of fruit maturation. The concentrations of total phenolic compounds, oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, have also been determined. This study has been made in rainfed 30‐year‐old olive trees in Jaén, Spain, cultivated by the traditional method.RESULTS: PAL specific activity was assayed and hyperbolic kinetics were observed in both organs. The Km value for L‐Phe was 0.22 mmol L−1 in leaf and 0.26 mmol L−1 in fruit. In leaf, the highest PAL specific activity was found in the stage prior to veraison. By immunoblot, a PAL‐immunoreactive 75 kDa polypeptide was detected in leaf and fruit. In leaf, the level of this protein progressively rose until the last stages of ripening at the same time that total phenols increased. In fruit, PAL activity and protein change as in two series coinciding with different fruit‐maturation period. By immunohistochemistry under light microscopy, PAL was located in the epidermis and parenchyma cells of leaf and fruit.CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate the involvement and regulation of PAL during fruit ripening of olive, cv. Picual. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Comparison of the physico‐chemical characteristics of a new triploid banana hybrid, FLHORBAN 920, and the Cavendish variety
Authors: Bugaud Christophe , Alter Pascaline , Daribo Marie‐Odette , Brillouet Jean‐Marc 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The physico‐chemical characteristics of a new banana triploid hybrid (FLHORBAN 920 cultivar, AAA group), partially resistant to Yellow Sigatoka and Black Leaf Streak diseases, were measured throughout ripening and compared with those of the Cavendish banana.RESULTS: The greatest differences between FLHORBAN 920 (F920) and the Cavendish variety were observed at intermediate maturity, when bananas were yellow with green tips or yellow. The F920 bananas have more dry matter and starch than those of Cavendish. The total polyphenol contents of F920 bananas were three‐fold higher than Cavendish. The sucrose contents were 1.5‐fold higher in F920 fruits, whereas glucose and fructose contents were two‐fold higher in Cavendish fruits. The F920 fruits had fewer esters, carbonyls and phenolic ethers than Cavendish. The two varieties differed in the composition in methyl‐branched (alcohols and esters) and phenolic ether volatile compounds.CONCLUSION: These characteristics, coupled with resistance to the principal banana diseases, suggest that the F920 variety should be developed further. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of ball‐milling on the glass transition of wheat flour constituents
Authors: Thanatuksorn Pariya , Kawai Kiyoshi , Kajiwara Kazuhito , Suzuki Toru 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Starch and gluten, the major components of wheat flour, greatly influence the structural characteristics of food products made with wheat flour. The effects of ball‐milling on the change in the semicrystalline structure of starch granules to the amorphous state have been reported. However, the effects of ball‐milling of native wheat flour on physicochemical changes in wheat flour constituents have not been elucidated. Therefore in this study the effects of ball‐milling on the glass transition of wheat flour constituents were investigated.RESULTS: Crude gluten, non‐gluten proteins and separated starch were obtained from wheat flour ball‐milled for 0–10 h, and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of these constituents was evaluated. The Tg of all wheat flour constituents decreased with increasing ball‐milling time. Sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that changes in band position and intensity did not occur for gluten but did occur for non‐gluten proteins. X‐ray diffraction revealed decreased crystallinity and greater plasticisation by water in separated starch as the ball‐milling time was prolonged.CONCLUSION: The results showed that the ball‐milling process decreased the Tg of wheat flour constituents as a function of milling time. The decrease in Tg was probably due to changes in conformation of protein subunits in gluten and depolymerisation of the non‐gluten protein fraction. The information obtained here about the physical alteration of wheat flour constituents may enhance the ability to successfully use ball‐milled wheat flour in food applications. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The effect of reduced amino acid level and increasing levels of lupin on growth performance and meat content in organic reared pigs
Authors: Nørgaard Jan Værum , Fernández José A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Suitable protein sources for organic pig production are scarce. This project was aimed at studying the effect of a reduced amino acid level and thus crude protein level, and the inclusion of lupin in diets for grower‐finisher pigs fed under organic conditions. Two hundred pigs (females:male castrates, 1:1) were fed either 100% or 85% of amino acid recommendations and lupin inclusions levels of 0%, 12.5% or 25% from 30 to 105 kg.RESULTS: Feed intake, daily gain and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the amino acid level. Carcass meat percentage was 59.2% for females and 57.2% for castrates when fed low amino acid level and 0% lupin, and this was an effect of higher feed intake of castrates compared with females. The inclusion of 25% lupin reduced feed intake and daily gain, lowered feed efficiency and increased slaughter loss and carcass meat percentage.CONCLUSION: It is possible to reduce amino acid levels and thus crude protein levels without adverse effects on animal performance. It is, however, recommended to feed castrates restrictively to avoid low carcass meat percentage. Inclusion of up to 12.5% of lupin can be used in organic diets for pigs without negative effects on animal performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Oxidative stability of palm‐ and soybean‐based medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglycerol (MLCT) oil blends
Authors: Koh Soo Peng , Arifin Norlelawati , Lai Oi Ming , Yusoff Mohd Suria Affandi , Long Kamariah , Tan Chin Ping 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Medium‐ and long‐chain triacylglyerols (MLCT) enzymatically esterified using Lipozyme RM IM lipase has very low oxidative stability as it does not contain any antioxidants. The aim of this work was to study the ability of various antioxidants to increase the oxidative stability of palm‐ and soybean‐based MLCT blends which assist to bring up the oxidative stability of both MLCT blends. In this study, the effectiveness of rosemary extracts, sage extracts, tert‐butylhydroquinone (TBHQ) and mixtures of tert‐butyl‐4‐hydroxyanisole (BHA) and tert‐butyl‐p‐hydroxytoluene (BHT) in protecting against oxidation of various MLCT blends was investigated.RESULTS: Blending of MLCT oil with either palm olein or soybean oil improved its smoke point values and oxidative stability. TBHQ addition to both palm‐ and soybean‐based MLCT blends increased oxidative stability. Combination of BHA and BHT showed no significant improvement (P > 0.05) in ability to protect blends from oxidation compared to natural antioxidants such as sage or rosemary extracts.CONCLUSION: Blended oils with 500 g kg−1 MLCT and 500 g kg−1 palm olein (MP5) were the most suitable for use at high temperature based on the fatty acid composition of the MLCT blends, which subsequently had an effect on thermal oxidative stability. In general, addition of either natural or synthetic antioxidant assisted in improving the antioxidative strength of both MLCT blends. MLCT blends with added TBHQ showed the highest thermal oxidative stability among the antioxidants used. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Effect of different production typologies on chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of Italian commercial pork
Authors: Corino Carlo , Rossi Raffaella , Musella Michele , Pastorelli Grazia , Cannata Susanna 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Slaughter weight could influence some chemical, physical and sensory characteristics of pork production. The aim was to compare loin quality from pigs slaughtered at 120 kg or at 160 kg live weight, representing two different Italian lines of commercial production.RESULTS: Physical and chemical traits were affected by slaughter weight, but lower values of moisture (P < 0.01) and higher fat content (P < 0.05) were found in heavy pork loin; furthermore, increased slaughter weight resulted in redder, yellower and more intense colour (P < 0.05). Slaughter weight did not influence the purchase intent or consumer preference, except for fresh meat colour (P < 0.05) preferred in light pigs. A selected and trained panel carried out a difference‐from‐control test, showing that heavy pig loin was redder, more marbled, moister, sweeter, saltier, and had a more metallic flavour and lower tenderness than the light one (P < 0.05). The colour difference of raw meat is the only parameter detected by the consumers.CONCLUSION: Different production typologies affected chemical and physical characteristics of loin. Moreover sensory evaluation showed substantial differences between the loin samples. However, the purchase intent and consumer preference were not influenced by these two production typologies. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry