bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of Lycopene on Doxorubicin‐Induced Cardiotoxicity: An Echocardiographic, Histological and Morphometrical Assessment
Authors: Anjos Ferreira Ana Lucia , Russell Robert Mitchell , Rocha Noeme , Placido Ladeira Marcelo Sady , Favero Salvadori Daisy Maria , Oliveira Nascimento Maria Carolina Munhoz , Matsui Mirna , Carvalho Flavio Augusto , Tang Guangwen , Matsubara Luiz Shiguero , Matsubara Beatriz Bojikian 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:  Doxorubicin is an excellent chemotherapeutic agent utilized for several types of cancer but the irreversible doxorubicin‐induced cardiac damage is the major limitation for its use. Oxidative stress seems to be associated with some phase of the toxicity mechanism process. To determine if lycopene protects against doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity, male Wistar rats were randomly assigned either to control, lycopene, doxorubicin or doxorubicin + lycopene groups. They received corn oil (control, doxorubicin) or lycopene (5 mg/kg body weight a day) (lycopene, doxorubicin + lycopene) by gavage for a 7‐week period. They also received saline (control, lycopene) or doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) (doxorubicin, doxorubin + lycopene) intraperitoneally by week 3, 4, 5 and 6. Animals underwent echocardiogram and were killed for tissue analyses by week 7. Mean lycopene levels (nmol/kg) in liver were higher in the doxorubicin + lycopene group (5822.59) than in the lycopene group (2496.73), but no differences in lycopene were found in heart or plasma of these two groups. Lycopene did not prevent left ventricular systolic dysfunction induced by doxorubicin. However, morphologic examination revealed that doxorubicin‐induced myocyte damage was significantly suppressed in rats treated with lycopene. Doxorubicin treatment was followed by increase of myocardium interstitial collagen volume fraction. Our results show that: (i) doxorubicin‐induced cardiotoxicity was confirmed by echocardiogram and morphological evaluations; (ii) lycopene absorption was confirmed by its levels in heart, liver and plasma; (iii) lycopene supplementation provided myocyte protection without preventing interstitial collagen accumulation increase; (iv) doxorubicin‐induced cardiac dysfunction was not prevented by lycopene supplementation; and (v) lycopene depletion was not observed in plasma and tissues from animals treated with doxorubicin.
Oxidative Stress Mediates CoCl2‐Induced Prostate Tumour Cell Adhesion: Role of Protein Kinase C and p38 Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase
Authors: Lu Ning , Zhou Hong , Lin Yan‐hua , Chen Zhi‐qiang , Pan Yan , Li Xue‐jun 
Published: May 2007

Abstract:  Cobalt chloride (CoCl2), an agent demonstrated to stabilize hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1, has been associated with various hypoxic responses, and recently, some reports have linked it to increasing tumour malignancy. In this study, we observed the alteration of cell adhesion after CoCl2 treatment and analysed the potential mechanisms responsible for such adaptations in a prostate cancer cell line PC‐3 M cell. We found that CoCl2 increased the tumour cell adhesion in a dose‐dependent manner, which correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. When cells were incubated with the thiol reductive agent pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), both the ROS generation and the CoCl2‐induced cell adhesion were abolished. Moreover, p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) was activated in CoCl2‐treated cells, which could be antagonized by PDTC. And when cells were pre‐incubated with specific p38 MAPK inhibitor, SB203580, the cell adhesion induced by CoCl2 was diminished. Moreover, the protein kinase C could up‐regulate cell adhesion through activating p38 MAPK. In conclusion, CoCl2 induced ROS generation, thereby placing cells under oxidative stress and up‐regulating cell adhesion; p38 MAPK and protein kinase C could be activated in a ROS‐dependent fashion, which in turn contributed to cell adhesion induced by CoCl2.
A diplotype in the lymphotoxin alpha gene is associated with differential expression of LTA mRNA induced by Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria
Authors: Temple S. E. L. , Almeida C. M. , Cheong K. Y. , Wunderink R. G. , Waterer G. W. 
Published: May 2007

SummaryWe sequenced the lymphotoxin alpha (LTA) promoter and identified LTA10G>A in strong linkage with LTA252G>A and LTA723C>A. Stimulated cells from LTA723AA: LTA252GG:LTA10AA individuals had significantly higher LTA mRNA levels than LTA723CC:LTA252AA:LTA10GG and LTA723AA:LTA252AG:LTA10GA individuals, suggesting that this diplotype may contain a functional polymorphism explaining the observed disease associations with LTA252G>A.
Interleukin‐12B‐3′UTR polymorphism in association with IL‐12p40 and IL‐12p70 serum levels and silicosis severity
Authors: Stanilova S. , Miteva L. , Prakova G. 
Published: May 2007

SummarySusceptibility to silicosis and to disease severity is in part genetically determined. In this study, the role of IL‐12B‐3′UTR polymorphism in susceptibility and severity of silicosis and its influence on IL‐12p40 and IL‐12p70 serum level were investigated.The quantity of IL‐12p40 and IL‐12p70 was detected by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay and the genotype of IL‐12B was determined using the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment‐length polymorphism method.We observed elevated IL‐12p40 in contrast to IL‐12p70 serum levels in a group of 62 silicosis patients compared with both control groups. In severe silicosis patients, we detected the highest IL‐12p40 serum levels (129.1 ± 67.7 pg mL−1); lower in patients with the moderate (94 ± 41.6 pg mL−1), whereas in mild silicosis, the IL‐12p40 levels (67 ± 23.5 pg mL−1) was similar to these in healthy donors. According to IL‐12B polymorphism, increased serum levels were observed in subjects with AA genotype (103.2 ± 46.9 pg mL−1) compared to silicosis patients with AC genotype (82.7 ± 38.3 pg mL−1).No significant differences of genotype and allele frequencies of the 3′UTR polymorphism were observed between silicosis patients and healthy controls. However, the heterozygous genotype was found approximately five times more frequently in patients with mild and moderate (48% and 52%) silicosis compared to patients with severe silicosis (11%), and that IL‐12B polymorphism may contribute to silicosis severity rather than to susceptibility. Our data demonstrated that elevated serum IL‐12p40, independently of IL‐12p70 levels, is associated with severity of silicosis, and suggested that IL‐12p40 profibrotic activity may contribute to silicosis severity.
LACK OF CHANGES IN FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF MACKEREL AND COD DURING ICED AND FROZEN STORAGE
Authors: XING YUHUA. , YOO YOUNG. , KELLEHER STEPHEN D. , NAWAR WASSEF W. , HULTIN HERBERT O. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.A fatty fish, Atlantic mackerel, and a lean fish, Atlantic cod, were processed and stored under conditions to simulate those of a commercial operation. The fatty acid composition of their lipids was evaluated. All fillets were examined with their skins on. A paired fillet technique was used to reduce the considerable fish‐to‐fish variability observed; the advantage of this technique was demonstrated. Mackerel fillets were stored on ice, fresh fillets and fillets aged on ice for 8 days were stored at −20C for up to 28 weeks and mackerel mince prepared from fresh and 7‐day aged fish were stored frozen at −20C for 1 month. Fresh and aged (8 days) cod fillets were examined initially and after 32 weeks at −20C. No measurable changes were observed in C20:5 and C22:6 fatty acids in either species under these storage conditions.
APPLICATION OF NMR SPECTROSCOPY TO ASSESS OXIDATIVE STABILITY OF CANOLA AND SOYBEAN OILS
Authors: WANASUNDARA UDAYA N. , SHAHIDI FEREIDOON. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.Application of 1H NMR spectroscopy to monitor oxidation of canola and soybean oils was investigated over a 30‐day period at 65C. Relative changes of aliphatic to olefinic (Rao) and aliphatic to diallylmethylene (Rad) proton ratios during oxidation of these oils were calculated. A steady increase in Rao and Rad values was observed over the entire length of the storage period. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.933 – 0.985) existed between the TOTOX value and changes in the Rao and Rad during oxidation of both oils. Therefore, NMR offers a novel method to assess oxidative stability of vegetable oils such as canola and soybean.
ESTIMATION OF INDIVIDUAL FATTY ACID QUANTITIES IN RED MEATS FROM TOTAL FAT CONTENT AND FATTY ACID PERCENTAGE COMPOSITION DATA: FROM ASSESSMENT OF PUBLISHED DATA
Authors: RHEE KI SOON. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT.The analytical process for quantification of individual fatty acids in a food sample requires careful control measures, including the use of both external and internal standards. In this paper, regression equations were developed using published data to estimate total fatty acid content from total fat content for beef, lamb, pork and veal. The total fatty acid content, then, was used in conjunction with relative fatty acid composition data (weight percentages) to estimate the amounts of individual fatty acids per given weight of sample (g/100 g). This estimation procedure was tested using literature values for beef and pork. The procedure eliminates the need for inclusion of an external standard in every sample in the analysis of fatty acids in g/100 g sample. Thus, it would reduce analytical cost and time when compared to the conventional quantification procedure, without the increased number of analytical problems inherent with the latter.
EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS AND PROCESSING ON STABILITY OF MUSCLE FROM HYBRID STRIPED BASS WITH OMEGA‐3 FATTY ACIDS
Authors: FAIR PATRICIA A. , WILLIAMS WOODIE P. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTHybrid striped bass were fed four diets containing 0, 4, 8, and 12% menhaden fish oil (MFO) for 18 weeks during final growth to determine (1) omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acid uptake and its effect on fish and postharvest quality, and (2) the effects of selected antioxidants on oxidation and sensory quality of fish enhanced with n‐3 fatty acids. Lipid content was significantly higher in the two highest MFO treatments: 3.2, 3.5, 3.9 and 4.4% in the 0, 4, 8 and 12% MFO treatments, respectively. During this study EPA(eicosapentaenoic acid) significantly increased with increasing dietary MFO: 5.4 ± 0.93, 6.9 ± 0.15, 8.0 ± 0.45 and 8.1 ± 0.35 for the 0, 4, 8 and 12% MFO diets, respectively. The following fatty acids in muscle increased 1% or more in fish fed 12% MFO compared to fish fed 0% MFO: 14:0, 16:1n‐7, 22:6n‐3, and total polyunsaturates, total n‐3, and the n‐3/n‐6 ratio. Changes in individual fatty acids in fish muscle reflected the concentrations of fatty acids in the diet. Hybrid striped bass fed 8 and 12% MFO had twice as much n‐3 fatty acids (1.0 g/100 g tissue) as fish cultured on diets without MFO
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF GREEN TEA CATECHINS IN A β‐CAROTENE‐LINOLEATE MODEL SYSTEM
Authors: AMAROWICZ RYSZARD , SHAHIDI FEREIDOON 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTA crude mixture of catechins was isolated from Chinese green tea leaves using a hot water extraction. Individual catechins were then separated by chromatographic means using Sephadex LH‐20 followed by semi‐preparative HPLC. The antioxidant activity of crude and individual catechins was then determined in a β‐carotene‐linoleate model system. Results indicated that (−)‐epicatechin‐3‐gallate (ECG) possessed the strongest antioxidative activity and (−)‐epigallocatechin (EGC) showed the weakest effect. The antioxidative efficacy of (−)‐epicatechin (EC) and (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG) was similar and in between those of ECG and EGC. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity of a reconstituted catechin mixture in the proportions present in the crude extract was lower than that of the crude mixture itself, thus indicating that noncatechin components in the mixture possessed their own antioxidant activity or acted synergistically with the catechins.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY 18:3 N‐3 TRANS ISOMERS ON THE Δ6 DESATURATION OF α‐LINOLENIC ACID
Authors: BLOND JEAN‐PAUL , CHARDIGNY JEAN‐MICHEL , SÉBÉDIO JEAN‐LOUIS , GRANDGIRARD ANDRÉ 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACT Trans isomers of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are formed during heat treatment of oils. In the present work, the effect of dietary geometrical isomers of α‐linolenic acid (18:3 n‐3) on the Δ6 desaturation of all cis 18:3 n‐3 was investigated, using rat liver microsomes. The desaturation rates were higher in microsomes from animals fed a cis n‐3 deficient diet, as compared to those from the control group or those from rats fed 18:3 n‐3 and its trans isomers. These data and the incorporation of long chain trans PUFA in microsomal lipids suggest that geometrical isomers of 18:3 n‐3 are probably slowly desaturated and elongated into long chain trans polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to 18:3 n‐3.
CALCIUM CHLORIDE EFFECTS ON TBA VALUES OF COOKED MEAT
Authors: CHO S.H. , RHEE K.S. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTGround chicken breast and beef top round (semimembranosus) muscles were treated with CaCl2 (0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20% on final sample weight basis) and cooked to an internal temperature of 80C. Cooked samples were aerobically stored at 4C for 0 or 4 days and analyzed for 2‐thiobarbituric acid (TBA)‐reactive substances. Results indicated that CaCl2 can either inhibit or accelerate lipid oxidation in cooked meat depending on its concentration/meat animal species. TBA values of chicken samples were decreased by CaCl2 used at ≥ 0.1% of final weight. However, only beef samples treated with the highest CaCl2 level (0.20%) tended to have lower TBA values when compared to control samples (treated with deionized water only). CaCl2 used at low levels (0.05% for chicken and ≤0.15% for beef) tended to elevate cooked meat TBA values.
REACTION CONDITIONS IN VITRO AFFECT RATE OF LIPASE‐CATALYZED HYDROLYSIS OF OLIVE OIL
Authors: ABDUL‐HAMID A. , FENNEMA O. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTAn in vitro procedure that approximates many of the conditions prevailing in the human duodenum was further refined and used to study the effect of dietary fibers on the rate of lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of olive oil. Increasing bile salt concentration over the range of 2–8 mM caused a marked increase in the rate of lipid hydrolysis, both in the presence and absence of red wheat bran. Stirring speed (20–90 rpm) had no significant effect on the rate of lipolysis in the absence of fiber, whereas in the presence of fiber an increase in stirring speed was often accompanied by an increase in the rate of lipolysis. Fiber inhibition was sometimes observed regardless of stirring speed. Sequence of addition of reactants influenced the rate of lipolysis. Attention to these variables is clearly important if meaningful, reproducible results are desired.
EFFECT OF ACIDIFICATION/NEUTRALIZATION ON THE ABILITY OF DIETARY FIBER TO INHIBIT LIPOLYSIS IN VITRO
Authors: ABDUL‐HAMID A. , FENNEMA O. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThree dietary fibers (red wheat bran [RWB], oat bran [OB], chitin [Chi]) were exposed to pH conditions simulating those encountered during passage of food through the human stomach and into the duodenum. Acidified/neutralized (AN) fibers were separated into solid and soluble fractions, the soluble fractions were further separated by dialysis and/or ultrafiltration, and the various samples were tested for their lipolysis‐inhibiting (LI) ability using an in vitro procedure. The combined LI ability of the AN solid and soluble fractions sometimes differed greatly from that of the untreated fiber, the LI ability of AN extracts sometimes differed significantly from that of the corresponding nonAN extract, and the size of molecules causing inhibition differed depending on the fiber source. Clearly, the AN treatment causes a significant change in the LI properties of dietary fibers.
MAJOR VOLATILES IN TOASTED CANOLA OIL
Authors: PARK DONKEUN , MAGA JOSEPH A. , JOHNSON DUANE L. , MORINI GABRIELLA 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTHeadspace volatiles from ‘Alto’ canola oil toasted at 240C for 8 min were collected using TenaxR TA 60/80 (Supelco Inc., Bellefonte, PA). The TenaxR was washed three times with a total of 6 ml of solvent. The solvent extract was concentrated by drying in a hood at room temperature for 6 h. Two μl of concentrated extract were separated on a 30 m DB‐1 capillary column (J & W Scientific, Folson, CA) with a Hewlett Packard (HP) 5890A gas chromatograph connected to a HP 5790 mass spectrometer. Volatiles were tentatively identified with a NBS 43 K.1 library by PBM (probability based on matching) search.Fifty seven peaks were detected by the mass spectrometer. Among those, 50 compounds were tentatively identified. 2‐Furancarboxaldehyde, 5‐methyl‐2‐furan carboxaldehyde, 5‐(1‐methyl ethyl)‐1,3‐cyclopentadiene, cyclododecane, undecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 1‐hexadecanol, hexadecanoic acid, 9‐octadecenoic acid, octadecanoic acid, 2,5‐dimethyl pyrazine, 3‐ethyl‐2,5‐dimethyl pyrazine, [1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl]‐1′‐ol and [1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl]‐4′‐ol were the major volatile compounds.
USING TOTAL DOUBLE‐BOND VALUE OF AN EDIBLE OIL TO PREDICT ITS EFFECT ON PLASMA LIPIDS
Authors: TSAI CHINGMIN E. , TING HAI‐HUI 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of using the total double‐bond value (TDV) of edible oil to predict its effect on the plasma lipid level of rats. The test oils used included fish oil, squid visceral oil (high long chain n‐3 PUFA, corn oil, soybean oil (high n‐6 PUFA), olive oil, lard (high MUFA) and hydrogenated beef tallow (high SFA, S). Test diets contained 15% of each test oil with the cholesterol level made up to 1%. The results demonstrated that the sum of the percents of each MUFA and PUFA in an oil, multiplied by the number of double bonds in each compound (TDV), may be a better indicator to predict the effects of the oils on plasma lipid metabolism. There was a negative correlation between TDV and plasma total lipids and cholesterol levels, but the lard group was slightly lower than expected. Using TDV as an indicator for plasma lipid metabolism may not be perfect, but is much better than the P/S or P+M/S ratio.
DEVELOPMENT OF GENETICALLY ENGINEERED SOYBEAN OILS FOR FOOD APPLICATIONS
Authors: KINNEY ANTHONY J. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe major use of the ten billion pounds or so of soybean oil produced in the US is for food products such as cooking oils, shortenings and margarines. Refined, bleached and deodorized (RBD) soybean oil used for cooking is usually hydrogenated to increase storage life and stability during frying. RBD soybean oil is also extensively hydrogenated to increase melting point for functionality in shortenings and margarines. Hydrogenation results in oils rich in trans fatty acids, the consumption of which may be associated with coronary heart disease. RBD oils used for salad oils are not hydrogenated but are rich in palmitic acid, the consumption of which has also been associated with coronary heart disease. Therefore, it is nutritionally desirable to produce trans‐free soybean oils rich in monounsaturated fatty acids with reduced palmitic acid for cooking and soybean oils with no saturated fatty acids for salad oils. It is also desirable to produce trans‐free oils rich in stearic and oleic acids for shortenings and margarines. Cloned genes may be introduced into soybeans to create transgenic lines with improved oil traits. The design of transgene constructs has been assisted by the use of soybean somatic embryos in suspension culture as a model system for soybean seed transformation. This system has allowed the selection of the right genes and promoters to achieve the desired phenotypes in transgenic soybeans. Current soybeans in development include lines producing oil with reduced palmitic acid, lines with over 80% oleic acid and lines with up to 30% stearic acid. Commercialization of high oleic acid transgenic soybeans has demonstrated that it is possible to drastically alter the fatty acid composition of a soybean seed without affecting the yield or environmental sensitivity of the soybean plant.
OXIDATIVE SUSCEPTIBILITY OF CATFISH LIPIDS AS AFFECTED BY THE MICROENVIRONMENT OF ASCORBIC ACID
Authors: ERICKSON MARILYN C. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe predominant site of lipid oxidation in frozen channel catfish has previously been attributed to both triacylglycerols and phospholipids. This study was designed to delineate the extent to which the microenvironment of ascorbic acid might alter the oxidative susceptibility of lipid classes. Modification in microenvironment was achieved by administering ascorbic acid in two different ways: metabolic absorption of dissolved ascorbate by live catfish, or tumbling of fillets in the presence of an ascorbic acid solution. Fillets from both treatments were subjected to frozen storage (‐6C) for up to 6 months and their oxidative stability compared to untreated fillets stored under similar conditions. Oxidative products in vacuum tumbled fillets were generated sooner but at a slower rate than metabolically absorbed fillets suggesting that the oxidative substrate differed. Further characterization of stored fish samples for lipids, tocopherol, and ascorbic acid led to the conclusion that intercellularly distributed ascorbic acid (vacuum tumbled fillets), while capable of regenerating tocopherol and protecting membrane phospholipids, simultaneously accelerated oxidation of the triacylglycerols. Application of ascorbic acid via metabolic absorption, on the other hand, did not lead to an acceleration in triacylglycerol oxidation.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF PHENOLIC EXTRACTS OF EVENING PRIMROSE (OENOTHERA BIENNIS): A PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: SHAHIDI FEREIDOON , AMAROWICZ RYSZARD , HE YUEHUA , WETTASINGHE MAHINDA 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTPhenolic compounds from ethanolic extracts of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) were separated into ten fractions using Sephadex LH‐20 column chromatography. For individual fractions, UV spectra were recorded and the content of total phenolics determined. Antioxidant activity of each isolated fraction was examined in a β‐carotene‐linoleate model system. Fractions were further characterized for the number of phenolic compounds, presence of proanthocyanidins and their antioxidant activity by TLC analysis. Strong antioxidant properties were noted for fractions with high content of total phenolics (fractions IV‐X). Vanillin‐positive compounds were observed in fractions VI‐X and one compound was tentatively identified as (+)catechin/(−)epicatechin. From fraction IV, two phenolic compounds were separated by preparative TLC; compound A was most likely an isoflavone and the UV spectrum of compound B was similar to that of 2‐hydroxychalcone.
THE EFFECTS OF DIETARY α‐TOCOPHEROL AND SURFACE APPLICATION OF OLEORESIN ROSEMARY ON LIPID OXIDATION AND CHOLESTEROL OXIDE FORMATION IN COOKED RAINBOW TROUT (Oncorhynchus mykiss) MUSCLE
Authors: AKHTAR PERVAIZ , GRAY J. IAN , BOOREN ALDEN M. , GOMAA ENAYAT A. 
Published: May 2007

ABSTRACTThe inhibitory effect of dietary α‐tocopherol supplementation (100 and 500 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) and an oleoresin rosemary dip on lipid and cholesterol oxidation in cooked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during storage at 4C for 48 h was investigated. The 2‐thiobarbituric acid‐reactive substances (TBARS) values of cooked fish muscle increased during storage for all treatments. Dietary α‐tocopherol supplementation partially inhibited lipid oxidation. Surface application of oleoresin rosemary further enhanced this protective effect. Cholesterol oxides were formed in all the samples following cooking and storage. The major cholesterol oxidation products (COPS) were identified as 7 β‐hydroxycholesterol, α‐ and β‐epoxides, and 7‐ketocholesterol. Formation of COPS was reduced by dietary supplementation with α‐tocopherol and surface application of oleoresin rosemary. Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant (p < 0.01) inhibitory effect of oleoresin rosemary on COPS formation.