bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
La condamnation romaine du premier socialisme français
Authors: Boutry Philippe 
Published: March 2024

L’article examine la censure romaine de Parole de Providence (1834) de Clarisse Vigoureux, un texte contemporain des Paroles d’un croyant de Lamennais mais de bien moindre retentissement, et qui pourtant inquiète les autorités romaines, comme plus généralement le fouriérisme. Face au retentissement des textes des premiers fouriéristes, le censeur romain cible le caractère purement terrestre du bonheur humain pensé par ces derniers, mais aussi l’associationisme comme incompatibles avec la sotériologie, l’eschatologie et surtout l’anthropologie catholiques. Il identifie un messianisme à l’œuvre dans l’idéologie fouriériste qui n’hésite pas à détourner la source biblique à son avantage. La censure manque le débat que Clarisse Vigoureux entend instaurer avec Lamennais – et à travers lui avec le christianisme – qu’elle accuse de prêcher tantôt la résignation, tantôt la Révolution, mais aussi avec la revendication féministe portée par cette dernière dans la droite ligne de Fourier. La censure apparaît alors à la fois lucide dans la manière dont elle se saisit de la dimension religieuse du fouriérisme et aveugle par rapport à certains enjeux sociaux, et particulièrement face au « désir de nouveautés » qui s’y manifeste.
Microbial Contamination of Toothbrush Heads: A Comparative Study between Conventional Plastic and Bamboo Toothbrush – An In vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Agarwal Srishti , Chakraborty Richik , Modak Jayaditya , Manohar Balaji , Panigrahi Kumudini , Bhuvaneshwari S 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction:Toothbrushes are one of the most essential tools to maintain oral health. It has gone through several developmental phases. In ancient times, the brushes were made up of bamboo, but currently, we use nylon brushes. Bamboo brushes were thought to harbour more microorganisms. Hence, we undertook this study to evaluate and compare microbial contamination between plastic and bamboo toothbrush heads under different storage environments (room and washroom with attached toilet).Materials and Methods:Plastic and bamboo toothbrushes were divided into two equal groups (26 each), which were further subdivided equally (13 each) and placed in a room and a washroom with an attached toilet. All the toothbrushes were washed twice a day for 1 min and placed back. A toothbrush from each subgroup was then transported to a laboratory in a sterile condition. Microbiological evaluation of the toothbrush heads was carried out every week for up to 12 weeks.Results:The maximum bacterial growth was observed in bamboo-headed toothbrushes stored in the washroom with an attached toilet. This may be attributed to the build-up of water from bristles to the toothbrush head and the moist environment of the washroom, promoting microbial growth. The most common microorganisms observed in the samples includedEscherichia coli,Klebsiellaspecies,Pseudomonasspecies,Enterobacterspecies,Enterococcusspecies andStaphylococcus aureus.Conclusion:Microbial contamination of toothbrushes holds relevance not only for oral health but also for general health, especially in immunocompromised patients. This study demonstrates the need for improving toothbrush storage practices, as open storage either in washrooms with attached toilets harbours microorganisms.
Comparison of the Surface Abrasion Produced by Two Different Bristle Materials – An In vitro Pilot Study
Authors: Chakraborty Richik , Modak Jayaditya , Agarwal Srishti , Manohar Balaji , Ukamanal Manoj , Bhuvaneshwari S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Gingival, periodontal diseases and dental caries are the most prevalent diseases of the oral cavity. Plaque is the main cause of these dental diseases. Plaque control is of prime importance for the maintenance of oral and dental health. The toothbrush is used very commonly for plaque control. A variety of toothbrushes are available, which are used for plaque removal. Toothbrushes cause abrasion and are significant in the development of tooth wear. This study aimed to compare the abrasion caused by a commercially available nylon bristle toothbrush to a biobased carbon-based bristle toothbrush.

Materials and Methods:
Acrylic plates were used to assess the abrasion caused by the nylon bristles and biobased carbon bristles. The surface roughness (Ra) was evaluated on a device, and the values were compared to each other.

Results:
Brushing with the biobased carbon bristle toothbrush was less abrasive than when nylon bristles were used. The nylon bristles showed a higher Ra value as compared to biobased carbon bristles.

Conclusion:
The biobased carbon bristles are less abrasive, but studies are required to compare the plaque removal capacity of such biobased carbon bristle toothbrushes.
Exploring Oral Cancer Patterns: A 5-year Retrospective Analysis of Incidence, Clinical Features, Patient Behaviour and Treatment Outcomes at the Dental Unit of a Private Medical College and Hospital in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Tiwari Aparajita , Singh Vishal 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Oral cancer is a global health challenge. In India, there is a huge burden on the healthcare system. The prevalence of oral cancer globally and in India, coupled with the specific risk factors associated with the Indian population, necessitates targeted research to improve early detection and treatment outcomes. The present study analysed 93 patients with oral cancer over 5 years to determine the incidence corresponding to different stages of the disease.

Materials and Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study reviewed medical records from the hospital database. The epidemiological data included age, gender, tobacco habit, duration of tobacco use, site of the lesions, stages of cancer and the treatment provided. We analysed the relationship of epidemiological characteristics with age by the Chi-square test. The statistical test significance level was set at P < 0.05.

Results:
The incidences of oral cancer each year range from 8% to 12%. A male patient over 40 years of age was most affected by oral cancer 42 (45.16%). The most affected sites were buccal mucosa 36 (38.70%) and alveolus 33 (35.48%) amongst patients over 40 years of age. The predominant stage for the majority of cancer cases was Stage IV, accounting for 49 cases (52.68%). Additionally, the largest lesions, exceeding 4 cm in size, were observed in 64 cases (68.81%), and these instances were predominantly found in patients aged 40 years or older. Chewing tobacco emerged as a significant contributing factor to cancer, affecting 41 cases (42.08%), particularly among those with a habit duration exceeding 10 years, representing 48 cases (51.61%) in patients aged 40 years or older.

Conclusion:
There is an urgent need to spread awareness of oral cancer, followed by extensive screening in India. Tobacco in India is not only used widely but also associated with cultural relevance, and it is the need of the hour to implement the tobacco policy to reach out evenly to all communities.
Pilot Study to Evaluate the Feasibility of a Patient Questionnaire for the Purpose of Investigating the Extent of Purchasing Antibiotics without a Prescription in a Rural Province in South Africa: Rationale and Implications
Authors: Sono Tiyani Milta , Maluleke Morgan Tiyiselani , Ramdas Nishana , Jelic Ana Golic , Campbell Stephen , Markovic-Pekovic Vanda , Schellack Natalie , Kumar Santosh , Godman Brian , Meyer Johanna Catharina 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
There are concerns with rising rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across countries with appreciable impact on morbidity, mortality and costs. Amongst low- and middle-income countries, a key driver of AMR is the excessive use of antibiotics in ambulatory care, with a critical area being the appreciable selling of antibiotics without a prescription often driven by patient demand and limited knowledge. There is currently conflicting evidence in South Africa regarding this practice. Consequently, there is a need to explore these critical issues amongst patients, especially in more rural areas of South Africa. A pilot study was undertaken to address this.

Methods:
A two-step descriptive approach was undertaken. This involved two questionnaires amongst patients exiting chain and independent community pharmacies followed by cognitive interviews.

Results:
Overall, 21 patients were approached for an interview, including 11 for Part 1 of the questionnaire with 3 declining, and 10 for Part 2, with 2 declining. Subsequently 8 patients completed each part of the questionnaire. On average, it took 2 min 13 s to complete both parts. 3 of the 5 patients being dispensed an antibiotic were dispensed one without a prescription, with all 3 patients exiting from independent pharmacies. Key reasons for self-purchasing included money and convenience. There was mixed knowledge regarding antibiotics and AMR amongst the 8 patients interviewed with Part 2. Overall, there was a satisfactory understanding of the Part 1 questions, although some modifications were suggested. Some participants had difficulty with fully understanding the questions in Part 2, with a number of suggestions made to improve this for the main study.

Conclusion:
There were concerns with the extent of purchasing antibiotics without a prescription in this pilot study as well as the knowledge of patients regarding antibiotics and AMR. Both areas need addressing and will be explored further in the main study.
Antimicrobial Efficacy of Simvastatin and Double Antibiotic Paste as Intracanal Medicaments: A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Shroff Manan , Brave Dexter , Rathore Vishnu Pratap Singh , Sharma Vinay , Mehta Jash , Thakkar Sachi Jiteshkumar 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction:
Root canal debridement, irrigation and a microorganism-free environment are key factors in the success of root canal treatment. Intracanal medicaments are used to enhance root canal disinfection. Simvastatin is derived from lovastatin and is a semisynthetic medication. This study compares and evaluates the effect of simvastatin and double antibiotic paste (DAP) as an intracanal medicament in single-rooted teeth with apical periodontitis using colony-forming units (CFUs)/ml.

Materials and Methods:
Twenty-eight patients with single-rooted teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis were selected. Under aseptic conditions, patency was gained, sterile saline solution was deposited in the canal and the first sample (S1) was collected. Cleaning and shaping were then carried out following an appropriate technique depending on the configuration of the canal. After irrigation and biomechanical preparation, teeth were randomly assigned to two different groups, and the test intracanal medicament was applied to the root canals. Coronal openings were sealed with temporary restorative cement. The second sample (S2) was collected after 7 days. The samples obtained were checked for a reduction in the bacterial load. They were incubated aerobically for 48 h, and the CFUs were calculated. The Mann–Whitney U and Wilcoxon’s signed-rank tests were used to analyse the results statistically.

Results:
A significant reduction in bacterial count was present after administration of the intracanal medicament. On intergroup comparison, there was no statistically significant difference in bacterial decrease between the two groups. Comparatively, the mean reduction in the bacterial count was higher in the DAP group.

Conclusion:
It can be concluded that DAP and simvastatin were effective in the reduction of the bacterial count in single-rooted teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis. However, DAP demonstrated a better performance in the reduction of bacterial counts.
Does parental perception of food allergy correlate well with skin prick test? A prospective study
Authors: Raj Arathi , Joji Prameela , Gupta Neetu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

INTRODUCTION:
Food allergy (FA) is being increasingly recognized in children. Correct identification of a food allergen gives the opportunity to eliminate the offending food, thus reducing allergy-associated symptoms. Ruling out FA allows parents to reintroduce the nutrient excluded based on suspicion only. The objective of the study was to find the association between “parental perception of food causing allergy” and “confirmation of the allergen by skin prick tests (SPTs)” in children. We describe the profile of FA in the Indian population.

METHODS:
In this prospective observational study, 47 children aged 4–12 years with suspected FA were subjected to SPT. We evaluated for the association between the “parental perception of foods causing allergy in their children” and the confirmation of allergen by SPT.

RESULTS:
Among the 47 children, in 20 (42.5%), FA was confirmed by SPT. Common allergens identified by SPT were shrimp, milk, egg, beef, peanut, and tuna. In our study, we had reasonable agreement (kappa > 0.6) between parental suspicion of FA and positive SPT: higher association was noted with the foods mutton, beef, and shrimp.

CONCLUSION:
In more than half of children suspected to have FA, SPT excluded the diagnosis. This helped the pediatrician and parents to reintroduce the food and avoid potential nutrient deficiencies.
Effectiveness of Peer-Led Education on Knowledge and Attitude among Adolescents regarding Road Safety
Authors: Masilamani Nightingale , Kothandan Poornima , Basker Mona M , Immanuel Shandrila G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background and Objective:
Children and adolescents are the most vulnerable groups for road traffic injuries in India (39%). Hourly, forty youngsters die in road traffic crashes. Road safety education aims at reducing this burden. Peer-led education (PLE) is a credible approach influencing students to modify their behavior positively. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of PLE in terms of knowledge and attitude toward road safety among adolescents.

Methodology:
A single-group pretest–posttest design among 113 adolescents was conducted using a two-stage sampling technique. Ten selected and trained student peers provided PLE on road safety to 103 fellow students using a teaching aid. Effectiveness of PLE on knowledge and attitude was assessed pre- and postintervention.

Results:
Post PLE, the mean knowledge score of subjects increased from 10.5 to 17.5 with a significant mean difference of −6.9 (P < 0.001). The mean attitude score of subjects had increased from 46.7 to 48.1. A positive statistically significant correlation (P = 0.04) between knowledge and attitude and associations between certain sociodemographic variables were noted.

Conclusion:
Knowledge and attitude of subjects regarding road safety improved after PLE. Innovative teaching methods can be used to promote healthy behaviors among adolescents.
Touch Screen Device Usage and its Effect on Sleep among Young Children
Authors: Joseph Hepsi Bai , Sandhiya K. , Shetty Asha P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Context:
The American Academy of Pediatrics had recommended that children younger than 2 years should avoid digital media. However, in the Indian context, it was less explored.

Aims:
The study aimed to determine the relationship between touch screen device (TSD) usage and sleep of infants, toddlers.

Methodology:
Using a cross-sectional design, 76 parents of infants and toddlers attending well-baby clinic of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India were approached, and 57 parents who fulfilled the eligibility criteria were selected using a nonprobability convenient sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested validated tool including TSD usage pattern, the brief infant sleep questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation were used to analyze the data.

Results:
The mean age of TSD usage was 15.6 ± 5.8 months with a mean duration of 65 ± 9.6 min/day. Mothers (51%) reported circumstances to offer TSD was feeding the child. There was a significant negative relationship between night sleep and TSD usage among children (r = −0.35, P < 0.01).

Conclusions:
TSD usage time significantly affects the nighttime duration of sleep of infants and toddlers. Parents to be educated on proper usage and ill effects of TSD to prevent sleep issues.
Predictors and Pathway of Maternal Near Miss
Authors: Podder Debayan , Paul Bobby , Biswas Subhas C. , Dasgupta Aparajita , Roy Soumit , Pal Arkaprovo 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Use of maternal near-miss (MNM) cases as an adjunct has been advocated to understand the processes of obstetric care because they share similar pathways as maternal deaths. Identifying the predictors and care pathway is crucial to improve the quality of care and end preventable maternal deaths.

Materials and Methods:
This case–control study was conducted at a tertiary care facility in Kolkata from May 2019 to March 2020. Women admitted with complications during pregnancy, childbirth, or within 42 days of postpartum, who met the World Health Organization (WHO) near-miss criteria, were identified as cases, and equivalent age-group matched controls were recruited. Sample size of 60 cases and 60 controls was estimated, assuming a power of 80%, level of significance 0.05, and case–control ratio of 1. After obtaining approval from the institutional ethics committee and informed written consent from the participants, data was collected through face-to-face interview and review of records. Statistical analysis including care pathway analysis (using three-delay model) was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16.

Results:
Joint family type (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] [CI] = 5.06 [1.48, 7.28]), lack of antenatal checkups (AOR [CI] = 7.85 [1.47, 12.09]), previous history of cesarean section (AOR [CI] = 3.94 [1.09, 14.33]), first delay in seeking care (AOR [CI] = 13.84 [3.62, 32.83]), and preexisting medical disorders (AOR [CI] = 11.03 [4.62, 22.80]) were identified as significant predictors of MNM in the adjusted model. Significant difference in the proportion of first and second delays in the care pathway was observed between cases and controls.

Conclusions:
Identification of risk factors of MNM and pattern of delays in the care pathway will help improving quality of obstetric care.
Prevalence of Anemia Among Elderly Population Residing in an Urban Area of West Bengal
Authors: Debnath Abantika , Rehman Tanveer , Ghosh Tandra , Kaur Amandeep , Ahamed Farhad 
Published: March 2024

Context:
India is experiencing a rapid increase in the elderly population (aged 60 years and above) compared to the last decade. The multifactorial condition of anemia grossly influences the health-related quality of life and mortality in this age group. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among older adults residing in an urban area of West Bengal, India.

Materials and Methods:
The community-based cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in Kalyani Municipality, West Bengal, from March to April 2021. A simple random sampling technique was adopted to select study participants. Hemoglobin (Hb) was measured using a digital hemoglobinometer (HemoCue301), and data were collected using EpiCollect5 software.

Results:
The mean (SD) age of 457 participants was 68.9 (7.3) years with 52.1% (n = 238) being males, 71.9% (n = 329) graduates, and 64.3% (n = 294) currently married. The prevalence of anemia was 65% (95% CI: 60.4–69.3). The prevalence of mild (Hb 11–11.9 gm/dL in females and 11–12.9 gm/dL in males), moderate (Hb 8–10.9 gm/dL), and severe anemia (Hb <8 gm/dL) was 41.6%, 22.8% and 0.7%, respectively. Anemia was significantly associated with age group (P < 0.01) and sex (P < 0.01), with the highest prevalence in the 80 years and above age category (85.2%) and in females (71.2%).

Conclusion:
The prevalence of anemia is very high in older adults. There is an urgent need to include the elderly age group in the existing health programme for anemia, i.e., Anemia Mukt Bharat.
Attributes of Standard Treatment Guidelines in Clinical Settings and Public Health Facilities in India
Authors: Lahariya Chandrakant , Sharma Sangeeta , Agnani Manohar , de Graeve Hilde , Srivastava Jitnedra Nath , Bekedam Henk 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
Standard Treatment Guidelines (STGs) are time-tested tool to improve healthcare quality and patient safety. This study was done to review the available guidelines and assess their essential attributes using AGREE reporting checklist 2016.

Methods:
Publications from PubMed, World Health Organization, Global Health Regional Libraries, Index Medicus, Google, Google Scholar, and insurers, state/central government portals were searched.

Results:
In total, 241 STGs met the inclusion criteria. A range of developers with a varying focus and priorities developed these guidelines (government mostly under national programs 134 (56%); professional associations 67 (28%), academic/research institutions 36 (15%); international agencies 4 [2%]). The government-led guidelines focused on program operations (mainly infections, maternal, and childcare), whereas insurers focused on surgical procedures for protection against fraudulent intentions for claims. The available STGs varied largely in terms of development process rigor, end-user involvement, updation, applicability, etc.; 12% guidelines developed documented GRADE criteria for evidence. Most guidelines focused on the primary care, and only 27 and 7% included treatment at tertiary and secondary levels, respectively, focused on general practitioners.

Conclusion:
There is a need for coordinated, and collaborative efforts to generate evidence-based guidelines, facilitate periodic revisions, standardized development process, and the standards for monitoring embedded in the guidelines. A single designated authority for the standard treatment guidelines development and a central web-based repository with free access for clinicians/users will ensure wide access to quality guidelines enhancing acceptance and stewardship.
Incidence of Early Adverse Events Following Covishield (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccination
Authors: Velhal Gajanan D. , Kamath Yash V. , Agrawal Ansh S. , Vora Devanshi S. , Dwivedi Vaibhav R. 
Published: March 2024

Background:
Minor adverse event following immunizations (AEFIs) are often underreported and self-treated. This study aimed to collect information regarding any and every probable adverse event experienced by the recipient of Covishield vaccine up to 10 days following the first and second dose of vaccine. To find the incidence of minor adverse events following Covishield vaccination; draw an association between adverse events and individuals’ demographic factors and comorbidities; and report new adverse events, if any.

Materials and Methods:
A descriptive observational study was conducted among 409 participants randomly sampled from the Vaccination Centre at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Mumbai. Participants were followed up post their first and second doses to enquire about adverse events.

Results:
Most commonly reported adverse events included injection site pain, tenderness, chills, fatigue, fever, and myalgia. Females reported more adverse events compared to men (p < 0.05). Younger individuals (18–24) experienced adverse events more as compared to individuals above 40 years of age (p < 0.005). Reported adverse events were lesser after the second dose in comparison with the first dose. Few participants reported dysgeusia.

Conclusions:
Covishield vaccination has a mild AEFI profile, most commonly: injection site pain, tenderness, chills, and fatigue. It is hoped that the findings of this study will dispel anxiety around the adverse events of vaccination and reduce any persisting vaccine hesitancy. Effective communication with the population on vaccination will enable individuals to make educated and informed decisions.