bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thyroid-Induced Mania in Hypothyroid Patients
Authors: Josephson Allan M. , Mackenzie Thomas B. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis retrospective study, based on 18 case reports, describes an organic affective syndrome, manic type, occurring shortly after the initiation of thyroid replacement in hypothyroid patients. The symptomatology and homogeneity of the syndrome offers insight into the relationship between thyroid activity and affective disturbance. The patients experiencing mania showed concurrent psychopathology at the time of replacement therapy, frequently had a past history of personal or familial psychiatric disorder and were given dosages in the high range of normal. The potential morbidity of the manic state was considerable. These findings suggest that a group of hypothyroid patients at risk can be identified. In such a group, lower initial dosages and gradual increases in dosage may be indicated.
Sodium Valproate in Schizophrenia: Some Biochemical Correlates
Authors: Lautin A. , Angrist B. , Stanley M. , Gershon S. , Heckl K. , Karobath M. 
Published: August 2008

SummarySodium valproate given in doses of 750–3000 mg daily to eight schizophrenic patients produced a qualitatively similar increase in symptoms in five. CSF showed no significant change in γ-aminobutyric acid or methoxy hydroxyphenyl glycol, but homovanillic acid increased non-significantly in five patients.
Obsessive-Compulsive Neurosis: Two Identical Twin Pairs
Authors: McGuffin Peter , Mawson David 
Published: August 2008

SummaryTwo pairs of monozygotic twins concordant for obsessive-compulsive neurosis are described. In each the proband and co-twin developed their symptoms independently and without prior knowledge of the other's illness. Despite this there was a marked similarity of symptoms within each pair. The existence of these and other pairs reported elsewhere, strongly suggests that familial and possibly genetic factors contribute to the aetiology of the disorder.
Child Abuse and Attempted Suicide
Authors: Roberts Jacquie , Hawton Keith 
Published: August 2008

SummaryOf a sample of families containing abused and at risk children, in 29 per cent one or both parents had attempted suicide. The rate at which the suicide attempts were repeated within a year was higher than that expected for other attempters of the same age group. A previous history of psychiatric disturbance and marital breakdown was strongly associated with the combination of child abuse and suicidal behaviour. The relationship between child abuse and attempted suicide did not appear in most cases to have been a direct one; often both forms of behaviour seemed to reflect marital difficulties.
Linkage between Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency and Manic-Depressive Psychosis
Authors: Mendlewicz J. , Linkowski P. , Wilmotte J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryHeredity has been shown to be an important factor in the aetiology of manic-depressive psychosis. Recent linkage studies with colour blindness have suggested the presence of an X-linked dominant gene in the transmission of manic-depressive psychosis. We report here positive evidence of a linkage between manic-depressive psychosis and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency in an informative family assorting for both traits. These results strengthen previous linkage studies in affective illness and support the hypothesis of X-linkage in a subgroup of manic-depressive psychosis.
Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on Erythrocyte Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity in Depressive Illness
Authors: Whalley L. J. , Scott M. , Reading H. W. , Christie J. E. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryErythrocyte membrane adenosine triphosphatase activities were examined in twelve unipolar depressed patients receiving ECT. Eleven patients undergoing diagnostic cystoscopy served as controls for the acute effects of anaesthesia, and sixteen healthy subjects served as non-depressed controls. The unipolar depressed patients had a slight reduction in their (Na++K+)-ATPase activity but effective ECT treatment was not associated with any increase in this activity. This approach is unlikely to cast further light on the membrane phenomenology of depressive illness.
Childhood Autism and Social Class: A Question of Selection?
Authors: Wing Lorna 
Published: August 2008

SummaryChildren with typical autism, other early childhood psychoses and severe mental retardation without autistic behaviour were identified in an epidemiological study in an area of South East London. The social class distribution of their fathers was examined and no significant differences were found between the groups, nor in a comparison with the general population of the area. Fathers of children with autism and related conditions referred to an out-patient clinic with a special interest in autism, mostly at their own request, and fathers joining the National Society for Autistic Children, were of higher social class than both the average for England and Wales and the fathers of the study children. Joining the NSAC during its early years, and keeping up membership were also linked with higher social class. The findings supported the view that reports of a social class bias in autism may be explained by factors affecting referral and diagnosis.
Viloxazine in the Treatment of Depressive Neurosis: A Controlled Clinical Study with Doxepin and Placebo
Authors: McEvoy Joseph P. , Sheridan William F. , Stewart W. R. C. , Ban Thomas A. , Wilson William H. , Guy William , Schaffer J. David 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIn a four-week, double-blind, clinical trial thirty-one patients with depressive neurosis were treated with viloxazine, doxepin, or placebo. There were no differences among the three groups in therapeutic effects. Many depressed out-patients improve on placebo. Viloxazine hydrochloride is one of a series of compounds developed to explore the central nervous system activity of the aryloxypropanolamine type of β-adreno-receptor antagonists. Initial clinical studies support the hypothesis that viloxazine has antidepressant properties in man (Bayliss et al, 1974; Bereen, 1973; Pichot et al, 1975; Tsegos and Ekdawi, 1974).
Lithium Therapy in Aggressive Mentally Subnormal Patients
Authors: Dale P. G. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryIn a series of fifteen aggressive mentally subnormal patients treated with lithium carbonate, there was an improvement in aggressive behaviour in eleven cases, three patients showed no change and one patient became worse during lithium treatment. The response to lithium therapy was assessed by clinical observation and retrospective analysis of daily ward reports. Treatment had to be discontinued in one patient who developed tardive dyskinesia, but otherwise side effects were not a problem.
Morbidity Risks of Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders among First Degree Relatives of Patients with Schizophrenia, Mania, Depression and Surgical Conditions
Authors: Tsuang Ming T. , Winokur George , Crowe Raymond R. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryOne thousand five hundred and seventy eight first degree relatives of schizophrenics, manics, depressives and controls were personally interviewed using the Iowa Structured Psychiatric Interview Form without knowledge of the probands' diagnoses. Our data, based on blind diagnostic assessment of the relatives, support the distinction between schizophrenia and affective disorders, although the distinction between schizophrenia and mania was not clear-cut. Our data could not support familial subtyping of paranoid and non-paranoid schizophrenia, and unipolar and bipolar affective disorders. Future studies attempting to develop research criteria for subtyping schizophrenia and affective disorders should utilize not only clinical and familial data but also biological markers and other non-familial variables.
Schizophrenia on Paternal and Maternal Sides: An Analysis of Familial Factors
Authors: Baron Miron 
Published: August 2008

SummarySlater's model of assessing distribution patterns of ancestral secondary cases in family trees was applied to pedigree data on schizophrenia. Eighteen schizophrenic probands with at least two ill second-degree relatives were available for study. The distribution of unilateral to bilateral pairs of affected relatives did not deviate significantly from that expected in polygenic inheritance. Contrasting pedigrees with family history of chronic schizophrenia with pedigrees loaded with ‘soft spectrum’ disorders, i.e., borderline schizophrenia, did not alter the consistency of the data with polygenic transmission.
A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Three Different Methods of Psychiatric Case Finding in the General Population
Authors: Isaac Mohan K. , Kapur R. L. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA study was carried out to compare the sensitivity as well as cost of three different methods of psychiatric case detection. It was found that the simplest method, which involved interviewing about 3 per cent of the adult population, with a questionnaire taking only five minutes to complete, picked up as many adult epileptics and nearly as many psychotics as the inquiry with all the adults in the population using a sophisticated structured interview schedule. A method of medium complexity, in which the short five-minute questionnaire was given to one adult member of each family, detected in addition to all adult epileptics and psychotics, and many juvenile epileptics and mentally retarded.The cost of the simplest method was one-ninth and that of the method of medium complexity, one-fifth of the cost of the most sophisticated method.The method of medium complexity is recommended for use in the rural psychiatry programme of the developing countries.
Cognitive Assessment of the Elderly Long-Stay Patient
Authors: Gibson Andrew J. , Moyes I. C. A. , Kendrick Don 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe revised Kendrick battery was used to assess level of cognitive functioning and subsequent cognitive change in a group of 40 long-stay elderly psychiatric patients. If it had been used for diagnosing organic dementia in this group, half would have been classified as dementing, although the clinical evidence was against such a diagnosis. It may therefore misclassify individuals who are functioning at a low cognitive level for other reasons. Alternative assessment procedures are now available for use with the elderly.
Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scales (PGDRS) A Method of Assessment for Use by Nurses
Authors: Wilkinson Ian M. , Graham-White J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryValidity and reliability studies of a method of assessment of the elderly mentally ill by nurses are presented. The method has the advantages of being brief, meaningful and structured into three areas which provide useful distinctions for nursing: Orientation, Behaviour, and Physical Capacity. Applications of the scales are discussed.
Psychose Passionnelle in Successive Generations
Authors: Berry Jeanine , Haden Philip 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThis paper describes two women. The first was admitted to hospital having suddenly, and without adequate reason, developed the idea that a senior married colleague at her workplace had fallen deeply in love with her. The second woman is her mother, who had been admitted to the same hospital twenty-two years earlier with a well systematized delusion that her husband was unfaithful. Both syndromes have been described by de Clérambault as two of the three forms of psychose passionnelle. The present report is intended to clarify the concepts of psychose passionnelle and demonstrate the similarities between jealousy and erotomania. We believe these case histories describe the first reported instance of psychose passionnelle in successive generations of one family.
Conspicuous Firesetting in Children
Authors: Strachan James G. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThe records of 79 children whose firesetting led to referral to a Children's Hearing (the Scottish equivalent of a juvenile court) were examined. All but one of the children were boys. They had very disturbed backgrounds, with much family disruption and absent or unemployed fathers. Firesetting was predominantly a group activity and the damage caused was extensive. Although the children frequently engaged in other offences, in over 90 per cent there was no recurrence of reported firesetting within the limited period of possible follow-up.
Physostigmine and Arecoline: Effects of Intravenous Infusions in Alzheimer Presenile Dementia
Authors: Christie J. E. , Shering A. , Ferguson J. , Glen A. I. M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPhysostigmine (0.25 mg-1 mg), arecoline (2 and 4 mg) and saline were administered intravenously over 30 minutes in a randomized double blind design to 11 patients with a clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer presenile dementia. Significant improvement was seen on a picture recognition test with physostigmine 0.375 mg and arecholine 4 mg. A trend towards improvement was also seen with physostigmine 0.25 mg and 0.75 mg, and arecholine 2 mg. For the majority of the patients improvement was only slight but in two patients it was clear cut and consistent.
An Experimental Study of the Clinical Judgment of General Physicians in Evaluating and Prescribing for Depression
Authors: Fisch Hans-Ueli , Hammond Kenneth R. , Joyce C. R. B. , O'Reilly Michael 
Published: August 2008

SummaryFifteen general physicians were given profiles of symptom combinations representing 80 depressed patients. They were asked to judge the severity of the disorder and to prescribe. There were two phases to the experiment the formal structure of both being the same. In the first phase, all physicians based their judgments only on the cues of the Hamilton Depression scale; in the second, each physician defined his own cues. Multivariate regression analysis was applied to the observations. Agreement between the judges was low. Most had a more complex policy, in regard to both judgment of the severity of the depression and prescribing, when selecting their own cues than when restricted to textbook variables, but used it more consistently. The observations have important implications for training and research in psychiatry and in psychopharmacology.
Abnormal Sexual Behaviour in Pre-Pubescent Children
Authors: Pomeroy John C. , Behar David , Stewart Mark A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryAbnormal sexual behaviour in pre-pubescent children is uncommon even in a psychiatrically referred population. Among 516 referrals there were 6 boys and 10 girls, the girls starting younger. The boys differed little in history or background from other conduct-disordered boys, but the girls were more commonly victims of sexual abuse and lacking a father in the home. The personalities of the girls suggested continued risk of sexual experimentation and possible development of personality disorder.
Psychopathology and the Differentiation of Values, Emotions and Behaviours: A Repertory Grid Study
Authors: Leitner L. M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryDisturbed and non-disturbed subjects were compared on a Repertory Grid measure of the differentiation of values, emotions and behaviours. The disturbed subjects tended to show either excessively tightened or excessively loosened relationships between values, feelings and behaviours. Tight relationships denoted a close correspondence between a subject's assessment of these three items; loose relationships denoted a poor correspondence. Non-disturbed subjects showed more moderate relationships. Among the disturbed patients, loosened relationships were found in schizophrenics rather than neurotics or personality disorders and tightened relationships in neurotics and personality disorders rather than schizophrenics.
The Carroll Rating Scale for Depression III. Comparison with Other Rating Instruments
Authors: Feinberg Michael , Carroll Bernard J. , Smouse Peter E. , Rawson Sarah G. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryPatients in an affective disorders out-patient clinic were studied with four depression rating scales: the Hamilton rating scale (HRS) the Carroll rating scale (CRS) a clinical global rating of depression (CGRD) and the visual analogue scale (VAS). The overall correlations between the self ratings (CRS, VAS) and the observer ratings (HRS, CGRD) were highly significant. Both the HRS and the CRS distinguished mild from moderate, and moderate from severe depression. CRS scores increased more rapidly than HRS scores with increasing severity of depression. The concordance of self ratings and observer ratings was highest for the two structured instruments (HRS and CRS), and was lowest for the two global scales (CGRD and VAS). The global scales have the advantages of speed and simplicity, but at the cost of some reliability. Patients with non-endogenous depression had significantly increased self rating scores in comparison to patients with unipolar or bipolar endogenous depression. The correlations between the self ratings and the observer ratings were notably lower in patients with non-endogenous depression than in patients with endogenous depression. Euthymic bipolar patients rated themselves on the VAS as significantly less well than euthymic unipolar patients. The clinical and research implications of these findings are discussed.
The Work of the Psychiatrist in a Rehabilitation Hospital
Authors: Holland L K. , Whalley M. J. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryOver an 18 month period, 49 patients in a physical rehabilitation hospital were referred to an attached psychiatrist. Formal psychiatric disorder was uncommon, and the mood changes and behaviour disturbances observed often resulted from a poor adjustment to recent physical disability by patients or their families. The most important role of the psychiatrist in management was in helping rehabilitation staff use their own skills to deal effectively with the inevitable emotional disturbances which occur in this setting.
Catecholamine Metabolism and Body Weight in Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Abraham Suzanne F. , Beumont P. J. V. , Cobbin Deirdre M. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryUrinary MHPG (3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl-ethylene glycol) was measured in seven anorexia nervosa patients during a bed rest and refeeding programme. MHPG levels were positively related to increase in body weight.
Influences on Maternal Overprotection
Authors: Parker Gordon , Lipscombe Penny 
Published: August 2008

SummaryWhile maternal overprotection appears associated with several neurotic and psychotic disorders, little is known about determinants of such a parental characteristic. Several hypotheses have been tested in a large nonclinical sample. Maternal and cultural factors seemed of greater relevance than characteristics in the child. Overprotective mothers gave evidence of marked maternal preoccupations before having children, of showing a capacity to be overprotective after the active stage of mothering, and of having personality characteristics of high anxiety, obsessionality and a need to control. Maternal overprotection appears associated with low, rather than with high maternal care. This has important primary prevention and treatment implications.
The Diagnosis of Psychopathy by Forensic Specialists
Authors: Davies William , Feldman Philip 
Published: August 2008

SummaryThirty-four forensic specialists from the Prison Service and elsewhere rated 22 alleged signs of psychopathy in order of importance. Only two respondents did not view psychopathy as a clinical entity. The remainder recognized a large number of diagnostic signs, though with much disagreement about the exact importance of each.
Evaluation of Standardized Behavioural Treatment for Agoraphobic In-Patients Administered by Untrained Therapists
Authors: Benjamin Sidney , Kincey John 
Published: August 2008

SummaryUsing a standardized behavioural programme, nine in-patients with severe agoraphobia were treated by staff who had minimal training in the theory and practice of behaviour therapy. With one exception patients showed marked reduction in subjective fear and avoidance, both following treatment and at follow-up. The indications for such treatment are considered and compared with those for alternative behavioural approaches that have recently been advocated.
Study of HLA Antigens Among Japanese Schizophrenics
Authors: Asaka Akio , Okazaki Yuji , Namura Ikuro , Juji Takeo , Miyamoto Mitsuko , Ishikawa Bun-Noshin 
Published: August 2008

SummaryHLA antigens were typed among 136 Japanese schizophrenics. Increased frequencies were seen in A9 (Aw24), A10 (A26) and Bw54, and decreased frequency in B40 antigens when compared to 187 Japanese controls. It is suggested that there may be an association between A9 (Aw24) and schizophrenia with a chronic-progressive course and also an association between A10 (A26) and hebephrenia.
Smoking Profiles of Patients Admitted for Neurosis
Authors: Salmons Paula , Sims Andrew 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA detailed record of the smoking habits of 83 patients treated in hospital for neurosis was compared with national statistics derived from the General Household Survey and Statistics of Smoking in the United Kingdom, and with a control group of patients admitted for treatment of varicose veins. Neurotic patients were more likely to be smokers. They started to smoke at a younger age, smoked more cigarettes and were more likely to inhale deeply. It is concluded that neurotic patients have a greater exposure to the potentially toxic effects of cigarette smoking than non-neurotic individuals.
Physiological Characteristics of Tremor after Chronic Lithium Therapy
Authors: Tyrer Peter , Lee Ian , Trotter Carol 
Published: August 2008

SummaryTwenty-three patients taking lithium carbonate alone in therapeutic dosage for a mean period of 43 months (range 6–108 months) and 23 control subjects matched for age and sex had the frequency and amplitude of postural tremor measured and extrapyramidal symptoms assessed by standard techniques. Patients on lithium had a significantly lower peak frequency of tremor than control subjects (P <0.05) and significantly greater extrapyramidal symptoms (P <0.01), indicating that tremor appearing after chronic lithium therapy is likely to be an extrapyramidal symptom. Such symptoms are common long-term adverse effects of lithium carbonate.
Suicide Pact in a Setting of Folie à Deux
Authors: Salih Mohamed Ali 
Published: August 2008

SummaryA case of folie à deux affecting two women friends who presented as a suicide pact is described. The shared delusion was based on their life situation and experiences. Social intervention and obtaining employment led to marked attenuation of the delusion in both partners simultaneously and while in close contact. Review of the relevant literature revealed striking theoretical similarities between folie à deux and suicidal pacts suggesting the ease with which the former could become the foundation for the latter.
Formal Thought Disorder, the Type-Token Ratio, and Disturbed Voluntary Motor Movement in Schizophrenia
Authors: Manschreck Theo C. , Maher Brendan A. , Ader Deborah N. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryLittle work has been done to determine objective, reliable differences in formal characteristics of the actual utterances of thought-disordered and non-thought-disordered subjects. The type-token ratio (TTR), a quantitative measure of repetition in language, correlated highly with clinical judgments of thought disorder when spoken language was examined, and statistically differentiated thought-disordered from non-thought-disordered schizophrenics and psychiatric and normal controls. Elicited and spontaneous motor abnormalities were associated with reduced TTRs both in schizophrenics and in affective subjects with motor disturbance. The TTR is a reliable, objective indicator of language deviance and thought disorder, and strongly associated with motor disturbances.