bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fluorinated poly(aryl thioether)s and poly(aryl sulfone)s derived from 2,3,4,5,6‐pentafluorobenzoic acid
Authors: Masaki Shunsuke , Sato Natsuko , Nishichi Ai , Yamazaki Shinichi , Kimura Kunio 
Published: January 2008

AbstractPoly(aryl thioether)s (F‐PTEs) containing 2,3,5,6‐tetrafluoro‐1,4‐phenylene moiety and polar moiety, such as 1,3,4‐ozadiazole, ether ketone, and amide groups, were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction of aryl fluorides and 4,4′‐thiobisbenzenthiol. F‐PTEs were amorphous with good thermal properties including high glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability, solubility, and hydrophobicity. F‐PTEs were transformed into poly(aryl sulfone)s (F‐PSs) by the oxidation reaction with hydrogen peroxide in acetic acid. Because of the sulfone group, the Tgs of the F‐PSs were 30–40°C higher than those of the corresponding F‐PTEs. F‐PSs maintained solubility in polar aprotic solvents and exhibited hydrophobicity in spite of the content of polar sulfone groups due to the highly substituted fluorine atoms. These F‐PTEs and F‐PSs were a new class of high‐performance polymers. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Anion Recognition and Templation in Coordination Chemistry
Authors: Vilar Ramon 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe selective recognition of anionic species by molecular receptors is an area of increasing interest due to the important roles played by anions in biological systems and the environment. An attractive approach for the recognition of anions is to use metal‐based receptors, which provides some important advantages over purely organic hosts. Metallo‐hosts can combine the structural and functional properties of metal centres with the recognition capabilities of organic ligands to selectively bind anionic guests. In our group we have developed different approaches for the synthesis of this type of metallo‐receptors. One of these approaches is based on the use of the anion of interest as a templating agent to link together different organic and metal‐containing building blocks into assemblies that have high selectivity for the templating anion. This microreview aims to give an overview of the research carried out in the author's group in this area over the past few years. Relevant examples from other groups are discussed and, where appropriate, compared to the work carried out in our group.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Language and music: Differential hemispheric dominance in detecting unexpected errors in the lyrics and melody of memorized songs
Authors: Yasui Takuya , Kaga Kimitaka , Sakai Kuniyoshi L. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractUsing magnetoencephalography (MEG), we report here the hemispheric dominance of the auditory cortex that is selectively modulated by unexpected errors in the lyrics and melody of songs (lyrics and melody deviants), thereby elucidating under which conditions the lateralization of auditory processing changes. In experiment 1 using familiar songs, we found that the dipole strength of responses to the lyrics deviants was left‐dominant at 140 ms (M140), whereas that of responses to the melody deviants was right‐dominant at 130 ms (M130). In experiment 2 using familiar songs with a constant syllable or pitch, the dipole strength of frequency mismatch negativity elicited by oddballs was left‐dominant. There were significant main effects of experiment (1 and 2) for the peak latencies and for the coordinates of the dipoles, indicating that the M140 and M130 were not the frequency mismatch negativity. In experiment 3 using newly memorized songs, the right‐dominant M130 was observed only when the presented note was unexpected one, independent of perceiving unnatural pitch transitions (i.e., perceptual saliency) and of selective attention to the melody of songs. The consistent right‐dominance of the M130 between experiments 1 and 3 suggests that the M130 in experiment 1 is due to unexpected notes deviating from well‐memorized songs. On the other hand, the left‐dominant M140 was elicited by lyrics deviants, suggesting the influence of top‐down linguistic information and the memory of the familiar songs. We thus conclude that the left‐ lateralized M140 and right‐lateralized M130 reflect the expectation based on top‐down information of language and music, respectively. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A signal network involving coactivated NF‐κB and STAT3 and altered p53 modulates BAX/BCL‐XL expression and promotes cell survival of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas
Authors: Lee Tin Lap , Yeh Jason , Friedman Jay , Yan Bin , Yang Xinping , Yeh Ning T. , Van Waes Carter , Chen Zhong 
Published: January 2008

AbstractAbrogation of apoptosis to sustain cell survival is an essential step in development of cancer. Aberrant activation of signal transcription factors NF‐κB or STAT3, alterations in p53 status, or BCL/BAX family expression have each been reported to affect cell survival in cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). However, molecular targeting of these alterations individually has yielded disappointing results. In our study, we examined the hypothesis that alterations in a signal network involving NF‐κB, STAT3 and p53 modulates expression of proapoptotic BAX and antiapoptotic BCL‐XL proteins, and promotes cell survival of HNSCC. We found that NF‐κB and STAT3 are coactivated together, and with cytokine stimulation or siRNA knock‐down, both modulate BAX/BCL‐XL. Greater modulation among HNSCC lines expressing low wt p53 than those over‐expressing mt p53 protein suggested that decreased p53 expression might enhance activation of NF‐κB, STAT3 and BCL‐XL. Reexpression of wt p53 suppressed NF‐κB and STAT3 nuclear binding activity, and BCL‐XL expression, while inducing p21 and BAX. Over‐expression of p53 together with inhibition of NF‐κB or STAT3 induced greater increase in the BAX/BCL‐XL ratio and apoptosis than modulation of these transcription factors individually. Conversely, NF‐κB or STAT3 inducing cytokines decreased the BAX/BCL‐XL ratio. Thus, a network involving signal coactivation of NF‐κB and STAT3, differentially modified by p53 inactivation or mutation, promotes altered BAX/BCL‐XL expression and cell survival in HNSCC. Inhibition of signal activation of both NF‐κB and STAT3 together with reexpression of p53 could be the most effective strategy to restore BAX/BCL‐XL regulation and for cytotoxic therapy of HNSCC. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dietary β‐cyclodextrin reduces the cholesterol levels in meats and backfat of finishing pigs
Authors: Park Byung‐Sung , Jang Aera 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:A hypocholesterolemic effect of β‐cyclodextrin (βCD) has been recently reported in various animals. This study was performed to determine the effect of dietary βCD on hypocholesterolemic effect, and its relationship to bile acid changes of 120 finishing pigs fed a commercial diet containing 0%, 5%, 7%, or 10% βCD for 30 days before slaughter.RESULTS:Plasma total lipids, triacylglyceride, and total cholesterol of βCD supplemented pigs were lower (P < 0.05) than the control pigs. When 5%, 7%, or 10% βCD was supplemented to pigs, cholesterol levels of the plasma were reduced by 26.0%, 28.2%, and 31.3%, respectively. Excretion of total sterol increased (P < 0.05) with increasing βCD supplementation and the composition of excreted bile acid was significantly altered in pigs fed βCD. The cholesterol levels of pig backfat, belly, loin, and ham were reduced as βCD supplementation increased (P < 0.05) in the diet.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that supplementing the finishing diet of swine with βCD resulted in reducing not only circulating lipids and cholesterol but also cholesterol level of pork lean meat and fat, and may provide the method of low‐cholesterol pork production to the swine industry. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The Interaction Between Model Biomaterial Coatings and Nylon Microparticles as Measured with a Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring
Authors: Berglin Mattias , Olsson Adam , Elwing Hans 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe interaction between cells and biomaterials has been mimicked using nylon microparticles as pseudo‐cells and PLMA and PIBMA as biomaterial model acrylate polymers. The shift of fundamental resonance frequencies was negative for both polymers, indicating mass‐coupling to the sensor surface. The shifts of the 3rd, 5th and 7th overtone frequencies were initially positive for both polymers, indicating a particle slip or wobbling on the surface. The QCM technique could discriminate between the two different polymers, showing increased interaction between microparticle and PLMA. The dissipation shift was positive for all overtones on both polymers, but again with faster and more prominent response for PLMA.magnified image
Study of formation and thermal stability of the Fe/ZnO(000‐1) interface
Authors: Demund A. , Wett D. , Szargan R. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFormation and thermal stability of the Fe/ZnO(000‐1) interface have been studied by means of X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and low energy electron diffraction. The results indicated a pseudo 2D growth mode for iron on ZnO. In addition, it could be shown that under ultra high vacuum conditions deposited Fe0 on a ZnO(000‐1) single crystal was partially oxidized by a small fraction of residual OH‐groups and ZnO to FeO. A strong temperature dependence of the interface reactivity was found upon annealing at temperatures up to 600 °C. Starting from 200 °C iron was first oxidized to bivalent iron oxide. After complete oxidation of Fe0 to Fe2+ at 375 °C, Fe2+ reacted to Fe3+. Above temperatures of 500 °C the deposited metallic iron was completely oxidized to trivalent iron. Further experiments with FeO on ZnO showed the oxidation state and the oxide film thickness of the deposited iron to be mainly dependent on the annealing temperature. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Method Engineering Approach for Interoperable Systems Development
Authors: Larrucea Xabier 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSoftware integration and interoperability of systems are becoming one of the primary subjects of business managers. Interoperability problems have been a specific problem of technical managers but the globalisation and the IT era have upgraded the problem to the business domain. Managers are conscious that this new era forces them to reuse functionalities and avoid new developments. However, in the cases where they need a new development they need to architect the foreseen solution with capabilities to add new integrations and new functionalities with the existing ones.Service‐oriented architectures (SOAs) are deployed in a wide variety of organisations and it allows interoperability among stakeholders in order to improve their value chain and to provide better services to a wider range of customers.The evolution of technologies implies not only the adoption of new technologies or changes in these technologies but also in the organisation's culture, society and the emergence of new businesses. This evolution cannot be supported with the existing life cycles and tools. They need a methodological support and a development of appropriate tools. In this article, we present a specific method engineering approach for the construction of interoperable systems based on MDA and SOA paradigms. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Proportion of soft tissue in selected bone cuts fed primarily as enrichments to large carnivores
Authors: Felicetti Laura , Kearney Celeste C. , Woodward Lloyd , Dierenfeld Ellen S. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractZoos often offer large bones or cuts of meat containing bone (bone cuts) to carnivores to provide oral stimulation and behavioral enrichment. Because of its abrasive action, the act of chewing on a bone can increase the oral health of large felids as well as provide an enriching activity. Unfortunately, because the quantity of edible tissue on the bones is usually unknown, when feeding these cuts one can easily miscalculate an animal's caloric and nutrient intake. To fully comprehend the contribution of bones as a dietary item as opposed to an enrichment item, we removed the soft tissue from a total of 70 samples, representing 14 types of bone cuts commonly used in managed carnivore feeding programs. Across types of cuts, soft tissue averaged 50% of wet weight, with pork knuckles averaging the lowest (23%) and horse shanks the greatest (74%) percent soft tissue. Zoo Biol 27:154–158, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using the SERV Applet to Detect Tandem Repeats in DNA Sequences and to Predict Their Variability: Figure 1.
Authors: Legendre Matthieu , Verstrepen Kevin J. 
Published: January 2008

INTRODUCTIONTandem repeats (satellite repeats) are short stretches of DNA that are repeated head-to-tail. Tandem repeats mutate at rates that are between 100- and 10,000-fold greater than normal (point) mutation rates in the rest of the genome. As a consequence of these frequent mutation events, “homologous” tandem repeats in closely related species, strains, or even individuals in the same population often contain a different number of repeat units. This heterogeneity is extensively used in today’s molecular forensics and genotyping research. However, while all repeats are unstable, precise mutation rates vary greatly between different repeat loci. This implies that not all tandem repeats are suited as markers for forensics, genotyping, or putative hypervariable functional modules. The SERV (“Sequence-Based Estimation of Repeats Variability”) applet enables finding repeats in DNA sequences and estimating their variability. Hence, it can be used to select repeats that are suitable markers for genotyping or interesting candidates for functional studies.
The Psyllids (Homoptera: Psylloida) of Alaska
Authors: HODKINSON I.D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractA key is provided for the identification of the thirty‐eight psyllid species recorded from Alaska. Additional notes on host plant and distribution are given for each species. The species are: Aphalara manitobaensis Cald.,A.nigra Cald., Craspedolepta alaskensis (Ash.), C.nebulosa (Zett.) ssp. kincaidi (Ash.), C. schwarzi (Ash.), C.subpunctata (Förster), Psylla alaskensis Ash., P.betulaenanae Oss., P.breviata Patch, P.fibulata Crawf., P.floccosa Patch, P.galeaformis Patch, P.haliaeeti sp.nov., P.hamata Tuthill, P.highwoodensis sp.nov., P.jenseni sp.nov., P.kananaskensis Hod., P.ledi Flor., P.longiforceps sp.nov., P.minor Crawf., P.macleani sp.nov., P.myrtilli Wag. ssp. canadensis Hod., P.palmeni Löw, P.phlebophyllae sp.nov., P.rara Tuthill, P.rufipennis sp.nov., P.sinuata Crawf., P.striata Patch, P.stricklandi Crawf., P.toolikensis sp.nov., P.zaecevi Sulc, Trioza albifrons Crawf., Trioza artica sp.nov., T.atkasookensis sp.nov., T.incerta Tuthill, T.salicivora Reut. (=T.maura auctt. N.Amer.), T.stylifera Patch, Trioza sp.nov. (undescribed). All the newly described species were collected on Salix.The Alaskan fauna is made up of four major components: 1, true Arctic species; 2, Arctic/subarctic species; 3, subarctic/alpine species; 4, northern forest zone species. Eight of the Alaskan psyllids exhibit an holarctic distribution and there is a strong faunal affinity with similar areas in northern Scandinavia: the same four genera recur throughout the northern holarctic. There is strong circumstantial evidence that certain psyllid species are parthogenetic over part of their range, particularly in arctic/alpine situations.
Morphometric and electrophoretic study of Aphidius species (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) reared from a variety of aphid hosts
Authors: PUNGERL NATASHA B. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract.Morphological and electrophoretic variation is evaluated in 272 female and 424 male specimens ofAphidiusreared from known hosts representing seventeen aphid‐host species. Much of this material was reared under experimental conditions in order to examine the effects of environmental conditions such as temperature and different host species, and to induce as much variation as is possible in known single populations. Multivariate analysis and electrophoresis are used to demonstrate the degree to which entities defined by morphological characters and electrophoretic bands correspond to collection from a common host.Many characters commonly used in the identification of this group, e.g. sculpturing on the propodeum, are shown to be very variable. Despite this, several morphologically and electrophoretically definable groups ofAphidiusare demonstrated, many of them corresponding to individual aphid‐hosts, while others, especially those parasitizing pea and cereal aphids were found to occur on more than one host. The possible nominal species associated with each defined group are discussed and morphological keys given to these complexes, and to the species ofof Aphidiusknown to parasitize pea and cereal aphids.
The larva of Norfolius (Neuroptera: Nymphidae)
Authors: NEW T.R. , LAMBKIN K. J. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe three larval stages of the sole species of Norfolius Navás, N.howensis (Tillyard), are described and figured. Features of possible phylogenetic value are discussed in relation to other known nymphid larvae, and differences between instars are appraised for the first time in the family.
Patterns of speciation in the genus Lopidea (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylinae)
Authors: ASQUITH ADAM 
Published: January 2008

Abstract. Speciation in four monophyletic species groups of the mirid genus Lopidea is examined. An analysis of twelve speciation events suggests that vicariance can account for at least 50% of speciation in Lopidea, and the frequency of sympatric host plant speciation may be as high as 25%.In examples attributable to peripheral isolate speciation, the daughter taxa typically occur in recognized areas of endemism, suggesting a common cause (vicariance) for their origins. In addition, seven zones of disjunction between subspecies and allopatric sister species were identified for Lopidea, which correspond with similar disjunctions between sister taxa in other groups of organisms.
KINETICS OF A STEPWISE PHOTOXIDATION OF ASCORBIC ACID BY A MANGANESE‐FLAVIN‐CATALASE SYSTEM*
Authors: HABERMANN H. M. , Gaffron H. 
Published: January 2008

Summary1. Helianthus chloroplasts to which flavin, MnC12, catalase and ascorbic acid have been added catalyze the photoxidation in red light of ascorbic acid in a three‐step reaction with the absorption of not one but two equivalents of oxygen.2. In white or blue light the chloroplasts can be omitted and the entire sequence of photochemical reactions occurs unchanged with flavin as the light absorbing dyestuff.3. New to this reaction are the continuation beyond the oxidation to dehydroascorbic acid and the peculiar kinetics which treat successive intermediate products not as competing but as successive substrates of various photochemical steps.4. The sequence of reactions depends specifically on the combination of flavin, manganous ion and iron porphyrin. To photoxidize dehydroascorbic acid to a 2 carbon and 4 carbon oxidative product none of the three components can be omitted from the reaction mixture.5. Kinetics and specificity of the reaction are discussed on the basis of a complex which imitates the action of natural flavin‐iron porphyrin oxidase.
PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECTS IN POLYETHYLENE DURING ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION
Authors: Wintle H. J. , Charlesby A. 
Published: January 2008

SummaryThe current induced in polyethylene samples by ultraviolet illumination has been measured. Effects were found at 2537Å but not at 3650Å. The observed dependence upon applied voltage does not correspond to the rectifier mechanism usually proposed. The effective resistance of the material is higher than that obtained under high energy irradiation a t the same rate of deposition of energy. The mobile carrier is found to carry a positive charge.
TRIPLET STATE STUDIES OF FLAVlNS BY ELECTRON PARAMAGNETIC RESONANCE—II
Authors: Shiga T. , Piette L.H. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The triplet states of proteins, bovine serum albumin, ovalbumin and d‐amino acid oxidase, were observed by electron paramagnetic resonance at 77°K.The triplet state of aromatic amino acids, tryptophan, tyrosine and phenylalanine was also detected.The protein triplet originates from the tryptophan residues of these proteins.It is suggested that an energy transfer takes place between tyrosine and tryptophan.
CHLOROPHYLL a FLUORESCENCE YIELD IN LIVE CELLS AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: Murty N. R. , Cederstrand C. N. , Rabinowitch E. 
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Fluorescence yields of chlorophyll a in ether and methanol solutions (Fs), on the one hand, and in Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Anacystis nidulans cells (Fc), on the other hand, were determined by excitation at 600 mμ (instead of at 436 mμ, as was done in earlier research in our, and other, laboratories). The ratio of the yields Fs/Fc, was found to be 5.9 for Chlorella (compared to an ether solution of chlorophyll a), and of 4.5 (as compared to a methanol solution—not too different from the corresponding ratios of fluorescence lifetimes, τs/τc which were determined earlier as 3.1 and 4, respectively. The much higher values of the yield ratio, previously reported for Chlorella (about 13, compared to chlorophyll a in ether solution), may have been due to disregard of light absorption in carotenoids in live cells; and perhaps also to quenching of chlorophyll excitation by carotenoids. The latter can occur (as suggested in an earlier publication) when chlorophyll is excited to its second singlet excited state.For Anacystis, the yield ratios were now found to be 5.1 and 3.8, when compared to ether and methanol solutions respectively; while the previously determined lifetime ratios were 3.7 and 4.9, respectively. It remains to be seen whether the remaining differences between the lifetime ratios and the yield ratios are real and significant.