bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in dairy cows: Comparative efficacies of two antibiotic preparations and factors associated with successful treatment
Authors: Weaver Leon D. , Galland John , Martin P. A. J. , Versteeg Jim 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A commercially available, penicillin-novobiocin, intramammary infusion product and a solution of procaine penicillin G (1.2 × 106 IU) in 10 ml of sterile saline solution were evaluated for their comparative efficacies against Streptococcus agalactiae mastitis in 3 California dairy herds. After composite milk samples from each cow in each herd were bacteriologically cultured, cows infected with S agalactiae (n = 228) were assigned randomly to 2 treatment groups. Milk samples were reevaluated bacteriologically 21 to 25 days after treatment. Both preparations were highly effective against S agalactiae in first-lactation cows and in cows scored negative or trace by use of the California Mastitis Test. Efficacy was significantly decreased in cows with California Mastitis Test scores of 1, 2, or 3. Herd and treatment were associated significantly with treatment success or failure. Most treatment failures were in one herd in cows that were given procaine penicillin G in sterile saline solution. Milk production and lactation stage were not associated with success or failure of treatment.
Disseminated histoplasmosis in cats: 12 cases (1981-1986)
Authors: Clinkenbeard Kenneth D. , Cowell Rick L. , Tyler Ronald D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Anemia, weight loss, lethargy, fever, anorexia, and interstitial lung disease were the predominant clinical findings in 12 cats with disseminated histoplasmosis. Some cats were examined because of dysfunction or lesions of bone, eyes, or skin. In most cases, the clinical signs were observed by the owner for 4 weeks or less before seeking veterinary care. Young cats were most commonly affected, with 7 of the 12 cats ≤ 1 years old. Identification of Histoplasma organisms in bone marrow aspirates was used to confirm the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in 11 of the 12 cats. Histoplasma infection of multiple organs was found at necropsy. In this study, disseminated histoplasmosis had a higher prevalence in cats than in dogs at the same veterinary medical teaching hospital. Feline disseminated histoplasmosis was not associated with FeLV infection. Treatment was attempted in 7 of the 12 cats.
Status of equine viral arteritis in Kentucky, 1985
Authors: Timoney P. J. , McCollum W. H. , Roberts A. W , McDonald M. J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Clinical cases of equine arteritis virus infection have not been diagnosed in Kentucky since 1984, and there has been no indication that any of the horses involved in the 1984 epizootic have since been responsible for spread of the disease to horses in other states or other countries. Cases of abortion caused by naturally acquired infection with this virus have not been confirmed in 1984 or 1985. Neither field nor vaccine strains of equine arteritis virus have been shown to induce teratologic abnormalities or the carrier state in foals born to infected or vaccinated mares. The carrier stallion appears to have played a major epidemiologic role in the dissemination and perpetuation of the virus. A commercial modified live equine viral arteritis vaccine was found to be safe and efficacious for stallions and mares. The disease can be controlled by immunizing the stallion population and by restricting the breeding of equine arteritis virus-shedding stallions to vaccinated or seropositive mares, followed by an appropriate period of isolation from other nonvaccinated Equidae.
Bacterial overgrowth in the duodenum of dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency
Authors: Williams David A. , Batt Roger M. , McLean Lynn 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Bacterial overgrowth (>105 colony-forming units/ml duodenal juice) in the duodenum was demonstrated in 8 of 11 dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (epi). In 4 of these 8 dogs, the overgrowth included large numbers (>104 colony-forming units/ml) of obligate anaerobic bacteria and was associated with decreased activities of several brush border marker enzymes and, in 2 dogs, with partial villous atrophy in the jejunum. Changes in the jejunal mucosa of the remaining dogs (with either no overgrowth or overgrowth of aerobic bacteria alone) were characterized by increased activities of some brush border disaccharidases and of lysosomal hydrolases.
One dog was euthanatized without treatment, at the owner’s request. The response of 4 of the remaining 10 dogs treated with enzyme replacement alone was poor or suboptimal, and all of these 4 dogs had bacterial overgrowth. One of these dogs had an excellent clinical response when also given oxytetracycline orally for 14 days, but the other 3 dogs did not improve further in response to the same treatment.
It was concluded that bacterial overgrowth in the duodenum is common in dogs with epi and that, when such overgrowth includes large numbers of obligate anaerobes, there may be associated biochemical and morphologic abnormalities in jejunal mucosa. Functional disturbances related to abnormal intestinal microflora may be responsible for the failure of some dogs with epi to respond fully to oral pancreatic enzyme supplementation without antibiotic therapy.
Calcinosis cutis secondary to percutaneous penetration of calcium chloride in dogs
Authors: Schick Mary P. , Schick Robert O. , Richardson James A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Accidental exposure of the skin of a dog to a commercial hygroscopic landscaping product (77-80% CaCl2) caused contact-irritant dermatitis within 24 hours. Papules and eroded to ulcerated plaques with hyperproliferative margins developed on various areas of the skin that had come in contact with CaCl2. Histopathologic findings were typical of calcinosis cutis.
Reproducible lesions similar to those observed on the referred dog were induced on 5 clinically normal dogs exposed to small amounts of the compound. Histopathologic documentation of the percutaneous penetration of CaCl2, with evidence of calcinosis cutis, was found in the dogs as early as 24 hours after continuous skin contact with the offending substance. Electron-microscopic evidence of crystalline deposits within dermal collagen also was found in skin biopsy specimens obtained 24 hours after contact with CaCl2. Serum calcium and phosphorus concentrations in the 5 dogs remained within normal limits before and after topical application of CaCl2.
Balloon-tipped catheter arterial occlusion for prevention of hemorrhage caused by guttural pouch mycosis: 13 cases (1982-1985)
Authors: Caron J. P. , Fretz P. B. , Bailey J. V. , Barber S. M. , Hurtig M. B. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Epistaxis, caused by guttural pouch mycosis, was treated by balloon-tipped catheter and ligature occlusion of the involved arteries in 13 horses. In 7 horses, more than one artery was catheterized. Serious postoperative hemorrhage was prevented in all horses.
Long-term endoscopic follow-up examination was possible in 8 horses, and all had complete regression of the fungal lesion as early as 5 weeks after surgery. Six of the 8 horses did not receive medical treatment.
Problems related to the use of the balloon-tipped catheter technique were rare. There were incisional infections in 3 horses, catheter breakage during removal occurred twice, and in one horse, a catheter was inappropriately placed.
Use of a bone plate for treatment of middle phalangeal fractures in horses: Seven cases (1979-1984)
Authors: Doran R. E. , White N. A. , Allen D. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Four adult horses and 3 foals with middle phalangeal fractures were treated by arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint, using a bone plate. Six of the 7 horses survived > 2 years; 2 of the 6 horses had intermittent lameness after hard work, and 4 horses didn't have evidence of lameness. The use of a bone plate for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint was a successful treatment alternative for middle phalangeal fractures in horses.
Temporary indwelling rectal liner for use in horses with rectal tears
Authors: Taylor T. S. , Watkins J. P. , Schumacher J. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
A temporary indwelling liner was surgically installed in 17 horses with grade III or grade IV rectal tears. The rectal tears of 9 of the horses healed. The remaining 8 horses developed peritonitis as a result of peritoneal contamination before surgery, a change in grade of the tear, or material failure.
Comparison of duodenitis/proximal jejunitis and small intestinal obstruction in horses: 68 Cases (1977-1985)
Authors: Johnston Janet K. , Morris Debra Deem 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sixty-eight horses with colic caused by small intestinal disease were allotted into 2 groups of 34 on the basis of recorded findings during exploratory celiotomy, necropsy, or response to medical treatment alone. Signalment, history, physical examination findings, and laboratory findings were compared between the group of horses with small intestinal obstruction and the group with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis.
A significantly greater proportion of horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis were older than 2 years old (P < 0.05). Differences in sex or breed distribution, or in seasonality of the 2 disease syndromes were not observed. Horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis had significantly greater signs of depression than those with small intestinal obstruction (P < 0.01), and horses with small intestinal obstruction had significantly greater signs of abdominal pain (P < 0.05). The mean heart and respiratory rates were significantly lower (P < 0.01) and the volume of nasogastric reflux was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in the group of horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis.
Sections of small intestine that were palpable per rectum were less distended and there were more auscultable borborygmi in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis, compared with those with small intestinal obstruction (P <0.05) and (P < 0.01). The group of horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis had lower mean plasma potassium and higher mean plasma bicarbonate concentrations (P < 0.05) than the group with small intestinal obstruction. The mean nucleated cell count and total protein concentration of peritoneal fluid specimens were significantly less in the group with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (P < 0.01); however, these values were greater than normal. The proportion of the group having the ratio of peritoneal fluid nucleated cell count to total protein concentration (ncc:tp) ≤3 was significantly greater in horses with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis (P < 0.05).
Though several physical and laboratory values differed between the groups of horses with small intestinal obstruction and duodenitis/proximal jejunitis, a single value or group of values could not help definitively differentiate a horse with duodenitis/proximal jejunitis from one with small intestinal obstruction.
Oak toxicosis in cattle in northern California: Clinical and pathologic findings
Authors: Spier Sharon J. , Smith Bradford P. , Seawright Alan A. , Norman Ben B. , Ostrowski Stephanie R. , Oliver Michael N. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Sixteen calves (3 to 8 months old) affected with oak toxicosis were studied. Clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings during the peracute through chronic stages were documented. Of the calves studied, 1 died, and 9 others were euthanatized because death was imminent. To evaluate chronic effects, the 6 remaining cattle were euthanatized after 2 months. One calf with acute toxicosis was treated successfully with diuretics and fluid volume replacements containing sodium chloride and calcium.
Clinical and laboratory data were compared between survivors and nonsurvivors. A statistically significant (P <0.02) difference was found only in serum creatinine concentration at the time of initial reexamination. A decrease in bun and creatinine values during the next 7 days and the lack of anorexia after the acute phase were the best prognostic indicators for survival.
comparison of two caudolateral approaches to the scapulohumeral joint for treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in dogs
Authors: Probst Curtis W. , Flo Gretchen L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Two caudolateral approaches to the canine scapulohumeral joint that do not require myotomy, tenotomy, or osteotomy were used to expose the humeral heads of both scapulohumeral joints in 10 clinically normal dogs. One approach (method 1) was used on the left shoulder of 5 dogs and on the right shoulder of the other 5 dogs. The other approach (method 2) was used on the opposite joints. The amount of humeral head articular cartilage that could be exposed with each approach was measured. The amount of articular cartilage exposed with method 1 was significantly greater than that exposed with method 2 (P<0.0001). Method 1 also provided for exposure of the caudomedial aspect of the scapulohumeral joint.
Method 1 was used unilaterally in 20 dogs with osteochondritis dissecans. This approach provided excellent exposure of the humeral head and osteochondritis dissecans lesion. Of the 16 dogs that were available for follow-up evaluation, 1 developed a seroma after surgery. Other complications were not observed or reported.
Effect of water temperature on the clinical outcome of infection with Edwardsiella ictaluri in channel catfish
Authors: Francis-Floyd Ruth , Beleau Marshall H. , Waterstrat Paul R. , Bowser Paul R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Channel catfish fingerlings (mean body weight, 19 ± 3 g each) were given intraperitoneal inoculations of Edwardsiella ictaluri suspensions of 104, 105, or 106 bacteria. Control fish were inoculated intraperitoneally with sterile 0.85% NaCl solution. Ten-day trials were conducted at water temperatures of 17, 21, 23, 25, 28, and 32 C.
Differences in mortality between E ictaluri-infected fish and fish used as controls were observed at water temperatures of 23, 25, and 28 C, but not at temperatures of 17, 21, and 32 C. Clinical signs and lesions induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of E ictaluri were comparable with those found with the intestinal form of the natural disease. The characteristic erosion of skin and muscle overlying the skull, known as the “hole-in-the-head” lesion, was not observed. A given fish may be susceptible to infection at any water temperature, but a population is at risk when water temperatures are in the 22 to 28 C range.
Renal lymphoma in cats: 28 cases (1977-1984)
Authors: Mooney Samantha C. , Hayes Audrey A. , Matus Robert E. , MacEwen E. Gregory 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Renal lymphoma was diagnosed, staged, and treated in 28 cats. Renal lymphoma staging was done according to clinical findings: 11 cats had stage-2 lymphomas, 5 had stage-3 lymphomas, 6 had stage-4 lymphomas, and 6 had stage-5 lymphomas. All cats were treated with chemotherapy: 17 cats had a complete response, 9 cats had a partial response, and 2 cats had no response. The cats with stage-2 lymphomas that were FeLV-test negative had the best response to treatment.
Genital neoplasms treated by en bloc resection and penile retroversion in horses: 10 cases (1977-1986)
Authors: Markel Mark D. , Wheat J. D. , Jones Kathy 
Published: February 2025

Summary
The medical records of 10 horses with invasive neoplasms of the penis, prepuce, and/or superficial inguinal lymph nodes in which treatment involved en bloc resection and penile retroversion were reviewed. All were geldings and ranged in age from 12 to 25 years (mean, 19 years). Evaluation of biopsy specimens obtained before surgery confirmed lymphosarcoma in 1 horse and squamous cell carcinoma in 9 horses. Typical history included swelling, ulceration, and abscessation of the penis and prepuce and large superficial inguinal lymph nodes.
Complications after surgery included dehiscence of the urethrostomy site (4 horses), dehiscence of the ventral skin incision (1 horse), urine scalding of 1 hind limb (1 horse), cystitis (1 horse), severe hemorrhage (1 horse), and diarrhea (1 horse).
One horse was euthanatized during hospitalization, because of severe dehydration secondary to diarrhea. At necropsy, firm nodules were scattered in the pulmonary parenchyma, myocardium, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, cranial mediastinum, kidneys, and hilar lymph nodes. Microscopic examination of the nodules revealed undifferentiated carcinoma.
Nine horses were discharged from the hospital between 1 and 5 weeks after surgery. The mean follow-up interval was 27 months (range, 6 to 96 months). Eight horses had no evidence of recurrence. One horse had recurrence of neoplasm at 6 months and was euthanatized 12 months later.
Incidence and types of clinical mastitis in dairy herds with high and low somatic cell counts
Authors: Erskine R. J. , Eberhart R. J. , Hutchinson L. J. , Spencer S. B. , Campbell M. A. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Eighteen dairy herds were studied, 12 with a 12-month Dairy Herd Improvement Association herd mean somatic cell count (scc)≤150,000 cells/ml (low scc) and 6 with a 12-month mean scc>700,000 cells/ml (high scc). At the outset of the study, quarter samples for bacteriologic culture were collected (in duplicate) from all quarters of all lactating cows (whole herd culture). Subsequently, quarter milk samples for culture from all cows with clinical mastitis were collected for a period of 6 months.
In the herds with low scc, results of whole herd culture revealed low prevalence of intramammary infection attributable to all major pathogens (<4% of all quarters). Prevalence of infection with Streptococcus agalactiae (22.2% of all quarters) and Staphylococcus aureus (6.6% of all quarters) was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the herds with high scc.
Mean incidence of clinical mastitis in the herds with low scc was 4.23 infections/100 cows/month (range, 0.42 to 10.25 infections). In the herds with high scc, mean incidence was 2.91 infections/100 cows/month (range, 1.33 to 3.92 infections).
In the herds with low scc, infection type, as mean percentage of total clinically infected quarters sampled for culture/herd, was 0.0%, 2.2%, 12.3%, 43.5%, and 28.6% for Str agalactiae, S aureus, streptococci other than Str agalactiae, coliforms, and organisms not isolated, respectively. Respective percentages for the herds with high scc were 41.5%, 18.3%, 12.6%, 8.0%, and 8.8%.
During the study period (from April through January), incidence of clinical mastitis and clinical mastitis caused by coliform bacteria were highest in July and August for herds with low scc. More than 40% of the clinical mastitis attributable to coliforms and to streptococci other than Str agalactiae was identified during the first month of lactation.
Progressive retinal atrophy in Tibetan Terriers
Authors: Millichamp Nicholas J. , Curtis Roger , Barnett Keith C. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Progressive retinal atrophy was studied in 17 Tibetan Terriers. The diagnosis was made on the basis of clinical signs of the disease, retinal histopathologic findings, or both. Affected dogs were the progeny of matings of affected or ophthalmoscopically normal dogs. Results of the matings supported a simple autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. The disease initially could be diagnosed by findings of night blindness and ophthalmoscopic signs of tapetal hyperreflectivity in affected dogs that were approximately 1 year old. Electroretinograms recorded from affected dogs, compared with those of clinically normal dogs of the same age, did not reveal appreciable abnormalities until affected dogs were 10 months old, at which time a reduction in the amplitude of the b wave was seen in response to a Ganzfeld white-light stimulus. The peak times of the response were unaffected. With progression of the disease, the electroretinographic b-wave amplitude was gradually reduced, and the electroretinographic response was extinguished in affected dogs by the time they were 30 months old. Early in the disease, rod and cone functions were affected equally, with more rapid loss of rod function developing only later in the disease. Fluorescein angiography of affected dogs did not reveal abnormalities earlier than could be detected by ophthalmoscopy.
Despite the electroretinographic findings, histopathologic findings included patchy disorientation and disorganization of the outer segments of rods and cones in affected dogs as young as 9 weeks. With progression of the disease, rods were lost at a faster rate than cones, and atrophy of the inner retinal layer was observed.
Validation of disease diagnoses reported to the National Animal Health Monitoring System from a large Colorado beef feedlot
Authors: Salman M. D. , Frank G. R. , MacVean D. W. , Reif J. S. , Collins J. K. , Jones R. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Clinical observation and collection of biological specimens from a large beef feedlot (approximately 30,000 animals) were used to evaluate 6 approaches for validation of a disease reporting system. Data collected during a 12-month period were used to evaluate each approach.
A subsample of disease cases reported to the National Animal Health Monitoring System (NAHMS) was compared with the clinical observations of the investigators. Although the agreement between clinical diagnosis by the NAHMS veterinarian and by feedlot health crews was high, the sensitivity and specificity of specific diagnoses varied from 100 to 18% and from 99 to 76%, respectively, which suggests that regular clinical observations by a veterinarian are needed to validate disease diagnoses reported to NAHMS by producers.
Subsampling of a group of cattle by means of paired serologic determination of antibodies to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, bovine viral diarrhea virus, bovine respiratory syncytial virus, and parainfluenza-3 virus revealed a high serologic conversion rate to infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, and high levels of preexisting antibody to bovine respiratory syncytial and parainfluenza-3 viruses.
It was concluded that the current method of data collection for Colorado feedlots provides an acceptable level of sensitivity and specificity for the program. However, disease events that are not of economic importance to the feedlot operator will be underestimated. If an objective of NAHMS is to develop a base line of animal health conditions, diagnosis of diseases by current methods will be satisfactory. Occasional validation through clinical observations by a veterinarian will suffice to monitor quality of collected data. On the other hand, if a specific disease needs to be identified and investigated, verification of the diagnosis is needed through intensive validation, eg, by follow-up of a representative cohort. Objectives of the NAHMS program need to be carefully considered to determine the appropriate method of validation.