bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Helping me, helping you: self‐referencing and gender roles in donor advertising
Authors: Hupfer M.E. 
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND:  Donor advertising typically emphasizes altruism, but an appeal to individual self‐interest may be more effective in heightening blood donation intentions among youthful nondonors.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A total of 292 undergraduate business students at a Canadian university provided complete data in response to a between‐subjects full‐factorial advertising experiment with sex, self‐referencing, and message strategy factors. Self‐referencing, or mental processing that links information to the self‐concept, was elicited at either a low or moderate level, whereas the message strategy was either agentic (donate blood because you may need it yourself) or communal (donate blood because someone close to you may need it). Dependent variables included identification with the ad, donation intentions, and a discrimination measure of recognition memory.RESULTS:  A three‐way interaction among sex, self‐referencing level (low or moderate), and message (agentic or communal) was found. Two‐way self‐referencing by message graphs of donation intentions and ad identification showed a parallel structure for males in that their responses were generally more favorable when self‐referencing was at a moderate level, regardless of the message type. Among women, however, crossover interactions between the level of self‐referencing and the message type (agentic vs. communal) were observed, such that the message’s effect differed with the level of self‐referencing. For both men and women, the agentic message was more effective than communal ad copy when a moderate level of self‐referencing was achieved.CONCLUSION:  Collection agencies should consider appealing to young nondonors by suggesting that they give blood to make it available for themselves if required.
Improved strategy for mononuclear cell collection for donor lymphocyte infusions
Authors: Shaz Beth , Goodarzi Katayoon , Malynn Elizabeth , Uhl Lynne 
Published: May 2006

BACKGROUND:  To improve donor management for donor lymphocyte collections, a protocol was established to tailor the amount of whole blood processed during leukapheresis to achieve the requested cellular dose.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS:  A retrospective review of donor and product records of all donors who provided donor lymphocytes during the period October 27, 1999, to March 2, 2005, was performed (25 donors, 54 collections). Data on product total CD3+ T cells collected and total blood volume (TBV) processed were used to establish a correlation between the two variables. The resultant correlation from the reference group (8 donors, 13 collections) was then used to prospectively determine the TBV to be processed in a subsequent series of collections (“prospective group”: 18 donors, 41 collections). Donor charts were also reviewed to determine leukapheresis‐associated adverse events.RESULTS:  The application of the correlation data between TBV processed and CD3+ T‐cell yields from the initial reference group to the prospective group yielded 92 percent successful collections; in 3 of the 4 inadequate collections, the predefined maximum of three times their TBV was processed. Compared to the reference group, the TBV processed in the prospective group was decreased from 12,598 ± 4007 to 7942 ± 5079 mL; the length of procedure was decreased from 208 ± 53 to 146 ± 79 minutes. Adverse event data were reviewed for 51 collections; the percentage of procedures without adverse events increased from 23 percent in the reference group to 37 percent in the prospective group.CONCLUSION:  Application of correlation data between TBV processed and CD3+ T‐cell yield was useful to predict efficient and successful donor lymphocyte collections.
Effectiveness of a chlorhexidine dentifrice in orthodontic patients: a randomized‐controlled trial
Authors: Olympio K. P. K. , Bardal P. A. P. , Bastos J. R. De M. , Buzalaf M. A. R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis blind and randomized‐controlled trial analysed chlorhexidine dentifrices in relation to dental plaque, gingivitis, bleeding, calculus and enamel extrinsic staining development. Volunteers in fixed orthodontic therapy used the following dentifrices: 1100 ppmF, NaF (group A, n=27); experimental, 1100 ppmF, NaF and chlorhexidine 0.95% (group B, n=28); and experimental, chlorhexidine 0.95% (group C, n=28). At baseline, after 6, 12 and 24 weeks, clinical examinations were carried out. The gingivitis, bleeding and plaque data were tested by anova and Tukey's post hoc tests. Stain and calculus data were analysed by Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's post hoc tests (p<0.05). Plaque, gingivitis and bleeding scores improved in all three groups, but up to the 6 and 12 weeks examination the products containing chlorhexidine were statistically better. The chlorhexidine dentifrices significantly increased the mean of the stain index, although most of the patients did not notice the stains. The calculus index was not significantly modified. In summary, this study suggests that the use of dentifrices containing chlorhexidine seems to be effective for the treatment of gingivitis in orthodontic patients, although the intense motivating contact that the volunteers had with the researchers may have also played a role.
Heterogeneous presence of myofibroblasts in hereditary gingival fibromatosis
Authors: Bitu Carolina C. , Sobral Lays M. , Kellermann Michele G. , Martelli‐Junior Hercílio , Zecchin Karina G. , Graner Edgard , Coletta Ricardo D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground/Aim: Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) fibroblasts are characterized by an increased production of collagen and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), resulting in a fibrotic enlargement of the gingiva of affected patients. A common feature of interstitial fibrosis is the occurrence of myofibroblasts, which are regarded as the predominant cells in matrix synthesis. The goal of this article is to describe the presence of myofibroblasts in HGF in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying HGF gingival overgrowth.Materials and Methods: Fibroblast cell lines and gingival samples from patients of two distinct families affected by HGF and from normal gingiva (NG) were included in this study. To characterize the presence of myofibroblasts, the expression of specific myofibroblast marker smooth muscle isoform of α‐actin (α‐SMA) was examined by semi‐quantitative reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), Western blot, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometric analysis. Immunohistochemistry against the α‐SMA antigen was performed in the gingival tissue samples.Results: Our results demonstrated a significant increase in the expression of the myofibroblast marker α‐SMA in cells from one HGF family (designed as HGF Family 2), which are also characterized by an elevated expression of type I collagen, TGF‐β1 and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Additionally, α‐SMA‐positive cells were broadly detected in the gingival tissue samples from HGF Family 2 patients. In contrast, α‐SMA expression by HGF Family 1 cells was quite similar to NG cells and no myofibroblasts were detected immunohistochemically, despite the higher levels of TGF‐β1 and type I collagen in HGF Family 1 fibroblasts than in NG cells. The expression of CTGF, which has been considered a key molecule to promote the transdifferentiation of myofibroblasts via TGF‐β1 activation, by HGF Family 1 cultures was significantly lower compared with HGF Family 2 and similar to NG control cells.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the presence of myofibroblasts in HGF could be dependent on CTFG expression levels, and different biological mechanisms may account for the gingival overgrowth observed in HGF patients. This could be an underlying reason for the high variable clinical expressivity of disease.
Periodontology as a recognized dental speciality in Europe
Authors: Sanz Mariano , Van Der Velden Ubele , Van Steenberghe Daniel , Baehni Pierre 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe impetus of the Bologna Process under the auspices of European Union governments has raised enormous expectations. It is the major educational change in Europe within the last 50 years and all the focus from university institutions, learned societies and thematic networks has shifted to this process, with the aim of developing consensus schemes in order to arrive at the expected European Convergence in Higher Education (to be completed by 2010). Dentistry as one of the health professions with clear Educational Standards, as defined by the European Dental Directives, is also reviewing its educational processes within this Bachelor–Master–Doctorate scheme and evaluating how the current and future dental specialities should be accommodated within this framework. Among these specialities, Periodontology is currently considered a formal dental speciality in 11 countries belonging to the EU however it lacks this legal status in the rest of the 14 EU countries. The purpose of this position paper is to provide evidence for the need for a recognized specialty in Periodontology at European level focusing on both the educational and professional perspective, with the hope of providing discussions that may contribute to facilitate its legal establishment as a new dental speciality in Europe.
The Key Role of Water Resources Management in Ecological Restoration in Western China
Authors: YANG XIAOPING , DONG JUFENG , WHITE PAUL D. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe interactions of nature and society are intimately reflected in the degradation of the vast, yet diverse, landscapes and ecosystems of arid western China. The development of agriculture, especially irrigation, has altered rivers, soils and ecosystems so much that major ecological rehabilitation and restoration efforts have been needed since 1950. The catchments of the Tarim River in southern Xinjiang (the Tarim Basin) and of the Black River (Hei He) in Gansu Province and western Inner Mongolia provide examples of the benefits, difficulties and conflicts involved in dryland water management. In the early stages of the human development of these catchments, agriculture depending on irrigation using water from these inland rivers was encouraged. The over‐exploitation of these water resources led to such ecological problems as desiccation of lakes, drying out of rivers, degradation of soils and vegetation and lowering of groundwater levels, with consequent environmental and economic impacts. Since 1990 several high‐cost, national projects to re‐establish ecosystems have been initiated. Water is now released from dams in the headwaters of the rivers in order to restore water flows to the dried out lake basins. Such schemes have inevitably led to social problems and difficulties for the people who depended on the water from the dams for local irrigation. The contrasts in adjustments and attitudes over the use of water for agriculture and other economic activities, as opposed to schemes of restoration of ecosystems and ecological engineering, stem largely from two issues; inconsistent provision of information from the scientific community, and differing ideologies, namely environmental protection versus economic development.
Miniature Codices from Kellis
Authors: Hope Colin ,   Worp
Published: May 2006

AbstractThis article contains a first edition of two wooden mini-codices found during Australian excavations at Ismant el-Kharab (ancient Kellis) in the Dakhleh Oasis (Egypt). The first codex contains fifteen Greek hexameters belonging to an anonymous and unknown parody of Homer; the second codex contains three Greek division tables. Both texts date from the fourth century CE and apparently come from a local school.
Matriliny, Islam and Gender in Northern Mozambique
Authors: Bonate Liazzat 
Published: May 2006

AbstractUsing gender as the major line of difference, the paper examines the diversity within Islam in northern Mozambique, in which, despite strong historical ties to the Swahili world and waves of Islamic expansion, as well as attempts to establish and police an Islamic 'orthodoxy', matriliny continues to be one of the main cultural features. Concentrating on two coastal regions, Mozambique Island and Angoche, and on three urban zones of the modern provincial capital, Nampula City, the paper addresses the reasons for the endurance of matriliny, through historical processes that brought about different currents of Islam, and discusses the ways in which the colonial and post-colonial state, while attempting to control the often conflicting Islamic and African 'traditional' authorities, have contributed to the perpetuation of this conflict as well as to the endurance of matriliny.
Tropical Wave Driving of the Annual Cycle in Tropical Tropopause Temperatures. Part II: Model Results
Authors: Norton W. A. 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The atmospheric response to a localized distribution of tropical heating is examined in terms of the stationary waves excited and how these impact the mean flow near the tropical tropopause. This is done by examining nonlinear simulations of the Gill model with a primitive equation model that extends from the surface up into the stratosphere. The model produces strong cooling of zonal mean temperatures near the tropical tropopause when the heating is on the equator but weaker cooling with the heating at 15°N. The model shows that equatorial Rossby waves that penetrate the lower stratosphere and changes in EP flux divergence that correspond to the observed changes between December and August. It is suggested that ascent in the upper tropical troposphere is driven by vorticity advection or equivalently potential vorticity fluxes due to these equatorial Rossby waves, particularly when the heating is close to the equator. The model results provide support to the hypothesis that the annual cycle in tropical tropopause temperatures is a result of the annual variation in latitude of tropical heating and that equatorial Rossby waves are key in producing the response in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere.
The Structure of Thermals in Cumulus from Airborne Dual-Doppler Radar Observations
Authors: Damiani Rick , Vali Gabor , Haimov Samuel 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA newly developed technique for airborne dual-Doppler observations with the Wyoming Cloud Radar is used to characterize the velocity fields in vertical planes across cumulus turrets. The clouds sampled were continental in nature, with high bases (near 0°C) and with depths of 2–3 km. Clear evidence was found that the clouds evolved through sequences of bubbles, or thermals, with well-defined toroidal circulations, or vortex rings. The ring core and tube diameters were about 200–600 m, leading to turret sizes of 1–2 km in the horizontal. The largest updraft speeds were observed in the ring centers, but regions of turbulent, ascending air extended behind the thermals to distances comparable with the toroid sizes. Vertical shear of ambient winds, when present, led to a tilting of the updrafts and toroids. Patterns in the reflectivity and velocity fields indicated regions of major intrusions into the thermals, accompanied by entrainment of ambient air, or recycling of larger hydrometeors, depending on their location. In addition, at the upper cloud/environment interface, instability nodes contributed to further entrapment of cloud-free air. The observations presented in this paper constitute clear demonstrations and quantitative characterization of vortical circulations in growing cumulus turrets; they should provide a more reliable basis for the assessment of simulations and of model parameterizations.
Above, Beside, Within: The Anglican Theology of Austin Farrer
Authors: MacSwain Robert 
Published: May 2006

ABSTRACTAustin Farrer is highly praised but curiously under-read. Despite being recognized as ‘possibly the greatest Anglican mind of the 20th century,’ his influence in discussions of Anglican identity and theology is almost non-existent. As an attempt to remedy this deficit, this paper provides a sketch of Farrer's life and work, and then presents him as a specifically Anglican theologian through considering a sermon, a meditation on the Apostles' Creed, and a set of lectures to Oxford undergraduates. But presenting Farrer as ‘a specifically Anglican theologian’ is problematic if we cannot agree on the nature of Anglican theology. Therefore, the paper concludes by referencing a debate between Stephen Sykes and Paul Avis on this question, and asks if Farrer can function as a paradigm for contemporary Anglican theologians.
Facile Cleavage of Aryl Haloacetates and 2-Chloroethyl Carboxylic Esters with Sodium Telluride. A One-pot Conversion of Aryl Esters into Aryl Ethers under Aprotic Conditions
Authors: Suzuki Hitomi , Padmanabhan Seetharamaiyer , Ogawa Takuji 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Sodium telluride, prepared under aprotic conditions, cleaved aryl haloacetates and 2-chloroethyl carboxylates at room temperature to give phenolic compounds and carboxylic acids, respectively. Based on this cleavage a one-pot conversion of aryl esters into aryl ethers was achieved.
Synthesis of Salviolone, a Cytotoxic Benzotropolonoid Bisnorditerpene from Salvia miltiorrhiza
Authors: Mori Masahito , Inouye Yoshinobu , Kakisawa Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The structure of salviolone was unequivocally confirmed by synthesis in six steps starting from 3,3-dimethyl-2-vinylcyclohexene and methyl acetylenedicarboxylate.
Asymmetric Bioreduction of Ethyl 3-Oxobutanoate by Immobilized Baker’s Yeast Entrapped in Calcium Alginate Beads. Application of the Immobilized Biocatalyst to the Synthesis of (5Z,13S)-5-Tetradecen-13-olide, Aggregation Pheromone of Cryptolestes Grain Beetle
Authors: Naoshima Yoshinobu , Nakamura Akihiro , Nishiyama Tadashi , Haramaki Toshikatsu , Mende Mitsuo , Munakata Yoshihito 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Immobilized baker’s yeast entrapped in calcium alginate beads of 1–1.5 mm diameter was reusable more than 10 times and stereoselectively reduced ethyl 3-oxobutanoate to the corresponding (S)-hydroxy ester in high chemical and optical yields. The immobilized biocatalyst was also successfully used for an asymmetric synthesis of (5Z,13S)-5-tetradecen-13-olide, a synergist of the aggregation pheromone of the flat grain beetle.
A Regio- and Stereocontrolled Synthesis of (+)-Isocarbacyclin via (1S,2R,5R)-Bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-endo-2-ol
Authors: Hashimoto Shun-ichi , Kase Satoshi , Shinoda Tomohiro , Ikegami Shiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
An expeditious synthesis of (+)-isocarbacyclin based on a facile access to (1S,2R,5R)-bicyclo[3.3.0]oct-6-en-endo-2-ol has been accomplished, incorporating controlled ene-reaction and elaboration of ω appendage via Julia coupling as key steps.
Dependence of the Mixed-Valence States on Crystal Form in 1′,1″′-Ditetradecylbiferrocenium Triiodide
Authors: Nakashima Satoru , Sano Hirotoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Remarkable dependence of the mixed-valence states on crystal form was observed in 1′,1″′-ditetradecylbiferrocenium triiodide. One crystal form showed a temperature-independent trapped-valence state, while the other was found to be a temperature-dependent valence state in which a trapped-valence state at lower temperatures and an averaged-valence state at higher temperatures are observed.
On the Flory–Stockmayer Model of Gelation Accompanied by the Intra Particle Crosslinking Reaction
Authors: Fukutomi Takashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The approximative particle size distribution function in the crosslinking reaction according to the Flory–Stockmayer model involving intra particle crosslinking is derived by the modification of the general solution obtained by Leyvraz and Tschudi.
Direct Separation of Enantiomers by Reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography on Cellulose Tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate)
Authors: Ikeda Kuniki , Hamasaki Toshio , Kohno Hisashi , Ogawa Takayuki , Matsumoto Takashi , Sakai Jun-ichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Various types of enantiomeric drugs were optically separated by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography using cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) as a chiral stationary phase.
Novel Ring Transformation of 3-Benzoylisoxazolidines into 2-Hydroxydihydrofurans. N–O Cleavage vs. 1,3-Dipolar Cycloreversion
Authors: Tanaka Kiyoshi , Mori Takami , Mitsuhashi Keiryo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Thermal ring transformation of 3-benzoylisoxazolidines gives 2-hydroxydihydrofurans together with α-benzoylenamines, the product ratio of both compounds depending on the 4- and 5-substituents of the isoxazolidine ring. The ring transformation is in contrast to the case of analogous 3-phenylisoxazolidines, resulting in 1,3-dipolar cycloreversion.
Electrochemical Coating of Phthalocyanines on an Al Substrate Using Aqueous Surfactant Solutions
Authors: Hoshino Katsuyoshi , Yokoyama Seiichiro , Saji Tetsuo , Kokado Hiroshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Thin films of copper phthalocyanine and metal-free phthalocyanine were electrochemically prepared on an Al substrate from their aqueous surfactant solutions. Surface coverage of these pigments was investigated as a function of the amount of electricity. Characterization of the films were performed with SEM, IR, and visible absorption spectroscopies.
Reduction of Carboxylic Acid with 2-Propanol over Hydrous Zirconium Oxide
Authors: Takahashi Kyoko , Shibagaki Makoto , Kuno Hideyuki , Matsushita Hajime 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The vapor-phase reduction of carboxylic acids with 2-propanol was found to proceed efficiently over hydrous zirconium(IV) oxide, and the corresponding alcohols were obtained in high yield. Esters were also reduced.
Crystal Structures and Electrical Properties of BEDT-TTF Salts of Mercury(II) Thiocyanate with and without K Ion
Authors: Oshima Masashi , Mori Hatsumi , Saito Gunzi , Oshima Kokichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The electrochemical oxidation of BEDT-TTF with Hg(SCN)2, KSCN, and 18-crown-6 ether yielded two different BEDT-TTF salts of mercury(II) thiocyanate depending on the solvent used. The K+ containing salt, (BEDT-TTF)2[KHg(SCN)4], was metallic down to 1.5 K with various temperature dependences. The crystal structures showed an alternating stacking of two-dimensional networks of BEDT-TTF molecules and of KHg(SCN)4 anions. The other modification (BEDT-TTF)3[Hg(SCN)3] exhibited metal-insulator (MI) transition at around 180 K.
First Isolation of a π-Perfluoroallylic Complex from a Transition Metal Hydride with Hexafluorobuta-1,3-diene
Authors: Sasaoka Shin-ichi , Joh Takashi , Tahara Tadasu , Takahashi Shigetoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Dicarbonyl(η3-1,1,2,3,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butenyl)(triphenyl-phosphine)cobalt(I) was isolated at the first time from the reaction of tetracarbonylhydridocobalt(I) with hexafluorobuta-1,3-diene and triphenylphosphine.
Stereoselectivity in Electron-Transfer Reactions of Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(II) with Several Anionic Cobalt(III) Complexes
Authors: Tatehata Akira , Mitani Tsuyoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The stereoselectivities in the electron-transfer reactions of [Co(en)3]2+ with eight Δ anionic Co(III) complexes in aqueous solution have been determined by observing the enantiomeric excesses of the [Co(en)3]3+ product. The results are compared with the ion-pairing stereoselectivity between [Co(en)3]3+ and the anionic complexes. Even the Δ anionic complexes which form favorable pairs with Δ-[Co(en)3]3+ yielded the excesses of Λ-[Co(en)3]3+ product.
[1,2-Benzenediolato(2−)-O,O′]oxotitanium. A Mild and Efficient Catalyst for the Michael Reaction of Ketene Silyl Acetals with α,β-Unsaturated Ketones
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Hara Ryuichiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
In the presence of a catalytic amount of [1,2-benzenediolato(2−)-O,O′]oxotitanium, ketene silyl acetals smoothly react with α,β-unsaturated ketones to afford the corresponding Michael adducts in high yields.