bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Xq13.2q21.1 duplication encompassing the ATRX gene in a man with mental retardation, minor facial and genital anomalies, short stature and broad thorax
Authors: Lugtenberg Dorien , de Brouwer Arjan P.M. , Oudakker Astrid R. , Pfundt Rolph , Hamel Ben C.J. , van Bokhoven Hans , Bongers Ernie M.H.F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn a man with severe mental retardation, minor facial and genital anomalies, disproportionate short stature and a broad thorax, we identified a de novo Xq13.2q21.1 duplication by array CGH. This 7 Mb duplication encompasses 23 known genes, including the X‐linked mental retardation (XLMR) genes ATRX and SLC16A2. The phenotype of this patient is similar to that described in more than 10 previously reported patients with overlapping Xq duplications. Detailed comparison of the clinical characteristics and the function of the genes located in the commonly duplicated regions of these patients led us to the hypothesis that an increased dosage of ATRX and perhaps of other genes is involved in the pathogenetic mechanism of this XLMR phenotype, including mental retardation, short stature, and genital abnormalities comprising cryptorchidism and/or a small penis. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and catalytic properties of bis(imino)pyridine palladium(II) complexes as efficient catalysts for Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction in water
Authors: Liu Ping , Zhang Wenzhen , He Ren 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAir‐stable bis(imino)pyridine palladium(II) complexes were synthesized and complex 12 proved to be a highly efficient catalyst for the Suzuki cross‐coupling reaction between aryl bromides and arylboronic acids in air using water as solvent. The coupling reaction proceeded smoothly under mild conditions to provide biaryls in excellent yields and Pd black was not observed. The recycling of the catalysts was also investigated, for up to three cycles, and complex 12 still exhibited good activity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hemilabile‐coordinated copper promoted amination of aryl halides with ammonia in aqueous ethylene glycol under atmosphere pressure
Authors: Guo Zhennü , Guo Jiayi , Song Ying , Wang Limin , Zou Gang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDirect amination of aryl iodides and bromides with ammonia under 1 atm pressure has been effected using in situ‐generated hemilabile coordinated copper(I) species from copper(I) halides or copper metal in aqueous ethylene glycol, producing primary aromatic amines in good yields. Ammonia pressure and water were found to accelerate the copper‐mediated reaction while strong chelating ligands showed a suppression effect. A rationale for the copper‐mediated amination of aryl halides with ammonia is given based on a double‐face role of chelating effect. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ZrOCl2·8H2O: a highly efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthene derivatives under solvent‐free conditions
Authors: Lü Hong‐Yan , Li Jian‐Jiong , Zhang Zhan‐Hui 
Published: March 2009

AbstractZrOCl2·8H2O has been found to be an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,8‐dioxo‐octahydroxanthenes from aldehydes and 5,5‐dimethylcyclohexane‐1,3‐dione under solvent‐free conditions. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mathematical modeling of reactive transport of anti‐tumor drugs through electro‐active membranes
Authors: Saurabh Parag , Chakraborty Saikat 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe present a mathematical modeling and design of an implantable polymer membrane‐based drug‐release device that uses alternate voltage scans across the electro‐active membrane for delivery and reactive uptake of anionic anti‐tumor drugs. Our mathematical model comprises Poisson–Boltzmann, Nernst–Planck and Diffusion–Reaction equations written for three compartments, namely, the drug reservoir, the polymer membrane and the diseased tissue, with the governing equations for the compartments being linked to each other through the boundary conditions. An analytical solution for the three‐compartment model has been obtained using Laplace transforms and residue integration. We use this solution to quantify the various parameters controlling the spatiotemporal dynamics of drug delivery and analyze the efficacy of the reactive transport process for an anionic chemotherapeutic drug, Irinotecan‐HCl, commercially also known as CPT‐11. We show that a ‘smart pill’ with optimal drug efficacy may be designed by altering the thickness and the diffusivity of the electro‐active membrane, and by tuning the applied voltage and the duration of the positive and the negative voltage scans such that the drug concentration in the tumor tissue is maintained within its therapeutic range. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Olive husk oil transesterification in a fluidized bed reactor with immobilized lipases
Authors: Ricca Emanuele , De Paola Maria Gabriela , Calabrò Vincenza , Curcio Stefano , Iorio Gabriele 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the present work, olive husk oil was continuously transesterified by immobilized lipases in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR). Preliminary fluidization tests were run to find the fluidization flow rate for the system under study. Subsequently, the reactor was operated continuously performing high productivity, as compared to literature data on packed bed reactors (PBR) for biodiesel production and to batch data reported in this work. The system was also run in a recycle configuration aiming at studying the effect of repeated passages of the substrates within the reactor, without changing fluidization conditions (i.e. decreasing the fresh feed flow rate to the system by increasing the recycle flow rate, without changing the flow rate entering the reactor). Tests at different recycle ratios were performed to investigate the effect on the process performance of different dilution degrees within the reactor and fresh flow rates fed to the system and to find optimal operating conditions. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Partitioning behavior of mercury during coal combustion: the influence of low‐NOx burners and operation load of boiler
Authors: Luo Guang‐Qian , Yao Hong , Xu Ming‐Hou 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo 200 MW, pulverized bituminous coal‐fired electric utility boilers each equipped with a five‐field cold‐side electrostatic precipitator (ESP) as the only air pollution control device (APCD) were investigated on mercury distribution and speciation under various conditions. With the same fuel consumption, both facilities are the same but with different burners, low‐NOx type and conventional type. Sampling points of gaseous mercury and chlorine species were at the inlet and outlet of the ESP. The mercury concentrations in various solids, including parent coal, bottom slag, economizer bottom ash and fly ash in different hoppers of ESP, were sampled and analyzed. The Ontario Hydro Method was employed to detect mercury in flue gas, and HCl and Cl2 were detected by the EPA method 26. A series of tests were conducted on the boiler with low‐NOx burners under various loads (70, 85 and 100% of full load) and on the other boiler with conventional burners under full load. Results showed that small amount of mercury remained in the solid combustion products and most of mercury was released into the atmosphere. The majority of the released mercury was in oxidized form. Burner types and load variation had effects on Cl species concentration in flue gas. Furthermore, particle diameter and carbon content and specific surface area of fly ash affected speciation and distribution of mercury and mercury removal efficiency of ESP. Copyright © 2009 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of interaction between hydroxyl group and high valence metal ion impurity on the electrospinnability of polyvinyl alcohols
Authors: Zhu Xinsheng , Gao Qiang , Xu Detao , Shi Xiaoli 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe production of superfine polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber is usually much difficult by using the routine spinning, whereas electrospinning is a viable technique as the mechanism of fiber formation is different. In this article, the effects of solution properties in terms of the residual acetyl group and high valence metal ion impurity of PVA on electrospinning were carefully investigated. Both the solution viscosity and the surface tension tendencies with PVA concentration indicated that there existed strong physicochemical interaction besides concentration and molar mass factors. NMR spectra and DSC thermographs indirectly showed that the devoid acetyl group of PVA would promote the physical gelation and the formation of hydrogen bondings, and the physical cross‐linking occurred at high saponification degrees in the presence of high valence metal ion impurity. All the interactions aggravated the electrospinnability. Nevertheless, both removal of high valence metal ion impurity and the selection of PVA with low saponification degrees would be always accessible routes to ensure the PVA electrospinning. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Investigation on the fracture behavior and morphology of maleated poly(ethylene 1‐octene) toughened and glass fiber‐reinforced nylon 1010
Authors: Yu Haiyang , Zhang Yong , Ren Wentan 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe maleated poly(ethylene 1‐octene) (POE‐g‐MAH)‐toughened and glass fiber (GF)‐reinforced nylon 1010 was prepared by melting extrusion. A good trade‐off between stiffness and toughness was obtained by the combination of POE‐g‐MAH and GF. The essential work of fracture (EWF) model was used to characterize the fracture behavior of nylon/POE‐g‐MAH/GF composites. With increasing GF content, the energy consumed in outer plastic zone gradually decreased, and the work consumed in inner fracture process zone reached the maximum value at the GF content of 10 wt %. Morphology investigations showed that POE‐g‐MAH was uniformly dispersed in nylon/POE‐g‐MAH (80/20) blend, and the nylon around POE‐g‐MAH particles suffered a great plastic deformation in the impact test. For nylon/POE‐g‐MAH/GF composites, large plastic deformation occurred in the matrix around GF rather than around rubber particles. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that GF significantly increased the storage and loss moduli and decreased value of tan δ, but had little effect on its position. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Three‐dimensional study of pectoralis major muscle and tendon architecture
Authors: Fung Lillia , Wong Brian , Ravichandiran Kajeandra , Agur Anne , Rindlisbacher Tim , Elmaraghy Amr 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA thorough understanding of the normal structural anatomy of the pectoralis major (PM) is of paramount importance in the planning of PM tendon transfers or repairs following traumatic PM tears. However, there is little consensus regarding the complex musculotendinous architecture of the PM in the anatomic or surgical literature. The purpose of this study is to model and quantify the three‐dimensional architecture of the pectoralis muscle and tendon. Eleven formalin embalmed cadaveric specimens were examined: five (2M/3F) were serially dissected, digitized, and modeled in 3D using Autodesk® Maya®; six (4M/2F) were dissected and photographed. The PM tendon consisted of longer anterior and shorter posterior layers that were continuous inferiorly. The muscle belly consisted of an architecturally uniform clavicular head (CH) and a segmented sternal head (SH) with 6–7 segments. The most inferior SH segment in all specimens was found to fold anteriorly forming a trough that cradled the inferior aspect of the adjacent superior segment. No twisting of either the PM muscle or tendon was noted. Within the CH, the fiber bundle lengths (FBL) were found to increase from superior to inferior, whereas the mean FBLs of SH were greatest in segments 3–5 found centrally. The mean lateral pennation angle was greater in the CH (29.4 ± 6.9°) than in the SH (20.6 ± 2.7°). The application of these findings could form the basis of future studies to optimize surgical planning and functional recovery of repair/reconstruction procedures. Clin. Anat. 22:500–508, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virtual hydraulic experiments in courseware: 2D virtual circuits and 3D virtual equipments
Authors: Gao Zhenguo , Liu Sheng , Ji Ming , Liang Lihua 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe process of developing two types of virtual hydraulic experiment supporting animations used in courseware are described: (1) schematic diagram‐based 2D virtual hydraulic circuits using Flash, and (2) VRML‐based 3D virtual hydraulic equipments. The effects and students' attitudes on the two approaches are surveyed and analyzed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 19: 315–326, 2011
Using the simultaneous generalized Schur decomposition as a Candecomp/Parafac algorithm for ill‐conditioned data
Authors: Stegeman Alwin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Candecomp/Parafac (CP)method decomposes a three‐way array into a prespecified number R of outer product arrays, by minimizing the sum‐of‐squares of the residual array. The practical use of CP is sometimes complicated by the occurrence of so‐called ‘degenerate’ sequences of solutions, in which several outer product arrays become highly correlated in all three modes and some elements of the outer product arrays become very large in magnitude. It is known that for I× J× 2 arrays, fitting a simultaneous generalized Schur decomposition (SGSD) avoids the problems of ‘degeneracy’ due to the non‐existence of an optimal CP solution. In this paper, we consider the application of the SGSD method also for other array formats, when the array has a best fitting CP decomposition with ill‐conditioned component matrices, in particular such that it resembles the pattern of a ‘degeneracy’. For these cases, we compare the performance of two SGSD algorithms and the alternating least squares (ALS) CP algorithm in a series of numerical experiments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Catalytic Abilities of [(C6F5)2BR] (R=NC4H4and NC4H8) Deduced from Experimental and Theoretical Charge‐Density Investigations
Authors: Flierler Ulrike , Leusser Dirk , Ott Holger , Kehr Gerald , Erker Gerhard , Grimme Stefan , Stalke Dietmar 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMarginal difference, huge impact: The topological analyses of the electron‐density distributions obtained from experiment (see figure) and quantum‐chemical calculations in the two title compounds can consistently explain marginal changes in bonding and rationalize different catalytic abilitiesmagnified imageThe electronic structures of the compounds bis(pentafluorophenyl)(N‐pyrrolyl)borane (1) and bis(pentafluorophenyl)(N‐pyrrolidinyl)borane (2) were investigated by low‐temperature high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction experiments and subsequent multipole refinements. Additionally, DFT calculations were performed. The topological analyses of the electron‐density distributions obtained from experiments and from quantum‐chemical calculations are described and discussed. In this paper reasons for the different reactivities of the compounds are provided.
Unprecedented Solvent‐Assisted Reactivity of Hydrido W3CuS4 Cubane Clusters: The Non‐Innocent Behaviour of the Cluster‐Core Unit
Authors: Algarra Andrés G. , Feliz Marta , Fernández‐Trujillo M. Jesús , Llusar Rosa , Safont Vicent S. , Vicent Cristian , Basallote Manuel G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOpening the cluster core: Substitution of the chloride ligand in the novel cationic cluster [W3CuS4H3Cl(dmpe)3]+ (see figure; dmpe=1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) by acetonitrile is promoted by water addition. Kinetic and density functional theory studies lead to a mechanistic proposal in which acetonitrile or water attack causes the opening of the cluster core with dissociation of one of the CuS bonds to accommodate the entering ligand.magnified imageReaction of the incomplete cuboidal cationic cluster [W3S4H3(dmpe)3]+ (dmpe=1,2‐bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane) with CuI compounds produces rare examples of cationic heterodimetallic hydrido clusters of formula [W3CuClS4H3(dmpe)3]+ ([1]+) and [W3Cu(CH3CN)S4H3(dmpe)3]2+ ([2]2+). An unexpected conversion of [1]+ into [2]2+, which involves substitution of chloride by CH3CN at the copper centre, has been observed in CH3CN/H2O mixtures. Surprisingly, formation of the acetonitrile complex does not occur in neat acetonitrile and requires the presence of water. The kinetics of this reaction has been studied and the results indicate that the process is accelerated when the water concentration increases and is retarded in the presence of added chloride. Computational studies have also been carried out and a mechanism for the substitution reaction is proposed in which attack at the copper centre by acetonitrile or water causes disruption of the cubane‐type core. ESI‐MS experiments support the formation of intermediates with an open‐core cluster structure. This kind of process is unprecedented in the chemistry of M3M′Q4 (M=Mo, W; Q=S, Se) clusters, and allows for the transient appearance of a new coordination site at the M′ site which could explain some aspects of the reactivity and catalytic properties of this kind of clusters.
Torsional Photoisomerization Proceeding Adiabatically Through a Volume‐Conserving Pathway in Uninhibited Fluid Media
Authors: Balomenou Ioanna , Pistolis George 
Published: March 2009

AbstractDoing the hula twist? A photochemically stimulated inversion of an sp2‐hybridized oxygen atom upon simultaneous rotation of two adjacent bonds may be possible in a pure singlet excited potential energy surface in uninhibited fluid media (see scheme).magnified image
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Powellite‐Based Red‐Emitting Phosphors: CaLa1‐xNbMoO8:xEu3+ for White Light Emitting Diodes.
Authors: Thomas Mariyam , Rao P. Prabhakar , Deepa M. , Chandran M. R. , Koshy Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Isothermal Section of the Dy—Fe—Sb Ternary System at 773 K.
Authors: Liu Jingqi , Zong Bo , Yang Xiaomao , Cui Xuehong , Su Kunpeng , Wang Xina , Li Junqin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Regeneration of Lithium Aluminum Hydride.
Authors: Graetz Jason , Wegrzyn James , Reilly James J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Bastnaesite‐Type LaF[CO3] and Its Thermal Decomposition to LaOF for Bulk and Eu3+‐Doped Samples.
Authors: Janka Oliver , Schleid Thomas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Syntheses, Structures, and Theoretical Studies of New Ternary Antimonides β‐LnCoSb3 (Ln: La—Nd, Sm).
Authors: Cai Wei‐Zhao , Wu Li‐Ming , Li Long‐Hua , Chen Ling 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Azaarene cis‐Dihydrodiol‐Derived 2,2′‐Bipyridine Ligands for Asymmetric Allylic Oxidation and Cyclopropanation.
Authors: Boyd Derek R. , Sharma Narain D. , Sbircea Lenuta , Murphy Deirdre , Belhocine Tayeb , Malone John F. , James Stuart L. , Allen Christopher C. R. , Hamilton John T. G. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Addition of Terminal Alkynes to Aromatic Aldehydes Catalyzed by Copper(I) Complexes with Wide‐Bite‐Angle Chiral Bisphosphine Ligands: Optimization, Scope, and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Asano Yohsuke , Ito Hajime , Hara Kenji , Sawamura Masaya 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazepine Moiety Controlled Regioselective Rearrangements of 7‐Oxanorbornadiene Derivatives.
Authors: Ding Hanfeng , Zhang Yiping , Yao Weijun , Xu Duanjun , Ma Cheng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Vanadyl(IV) Acetate: An Efficient, Reusable Heterogeneous Catalyst for Aza‐Michael Reaction under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Trivedi Rajiv , Lalitha P. , Roy Sarabindu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Allylic Amines by One‐Pot Tandem Reaction of Acetylenic Sulfone, Grignard Reagent, and N‐Tosylimine.
Authors: Xie Mei‐hua , Sun Ying , Zhang Wei , Gu Xiao‐xia , Zhao Xin‐yang , Xie Fa‐dong , Wang Shao‐wu 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of 4‐Substituted Cyclohexyl Esters.
Authors: Bercot Eric A. , Caille Seb , Bostick Tracy M. , Ranganathan Krishnakumar , Jensen Randy , Faul Margaret M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.