bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Adrenal Myelolipoma: The Impact of Modern Investigations on the Diagnosis and Patient Management
Authors: LAU LAWRENCE S.W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAn asymptomatic adrenal myelolipoma was characterized by CT scanning in a patient with an adrenal mass noted in an I.V.P. examination for prostatism. The mass was successfully resected and the diagnosis confirmed. Review of the literature suggests that it is possible to adopt a more conservative approach in such cases with the assistance of modern imaging techniques where tissue characterization is possible (ultra‐sound, CT scanning and M.R.I.)‐ If an atypical appearance is present, further confirmation may be achieved with guided percutaneous skinny needle biopsy under local anaesthesia.
Pyle's Disease – Familial Metaphyseal Dysplasia – A Case Report
Authors: VOHRA VIVEK 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOne more case of Pyle's Disease is added to the literature. This rare entity produces unique and characteristic appearances of the bones and should not be difficult to differentiate from other conditions which are associated with metaphyseal flaring. The general health of the patient does not appear to be affected.
Radiation Dose Reduction on a Portable Image Intensifier Digital Storage Unit
Authors: FLEAY R.F. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe use of a heavy metal filter, namely Hafnium, with a K absorption edge at 65 key has reduced the skin dose by approximately 60% without image deterioration or x‐ray tube overload. The heavy metal foils are slightly more expensive than aluminium, around $150, however the large reduction in radiation levels to the patient and also around the operator area is worth the expense.ABSTRACTA heavy metal filter with a K absorption line at 65 kev has been used to reduce the radiation output of the Image Intensifier System to that required by the State Radiation Act.Radiologists have seen no great deterioration in the stored image on the T.V. Screen and very little compensation, in the way of kV, or mA, is required.To reduce radiation levels further to the patient, a Matrix Instruments Video Imager is incorporated into the unit and film recording taken of the stored image. This method is used instead of a Radiographic Exposure.
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum in the Foetus, Neonate and Infant
Authors: VERCO P.W. , LeQUESNE G.W. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA small series of infants with agenesis of the corpus callosum is reviewed. It is postulated that this condition may be recognised in the utero on the basis of an increased lateral ventricular distance, and absence of the cavum septum pellueidum. It should not be confused with hydrocephalus.
Initial Detection of Gastrointestinal Disease during Routine Real‐Time, Abdominal Ultrasound in Adults
Authors: FATAAR SHADLEY 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTIn 972 adult patients the whole abdomen was examined as part of routine real‐time US. Except for one patient, those with known gastrointestinal disease were excluded from this retrospective review. Twenty‐six patients were found in whom US was the primary imaging modality diagnosing gastrointestinal lesions. There were malignant neoplasms in 12 patients, peptic ulceration in 4, ileus or obstruction in 7, and one each with gastritis, localised gastric perforation, Crohn's colitis and appendicitis. Clinical suspicion of the lesion was high in 11 patients and either absent or low in the rest.
Pseudo‐Tumours of the Liver on Computed Tomographic (CT) Scanning caused by Adjacent Ascitic or Pleural Fluid
Authors: ALLISON M.C. , DICK R. , ELIOT C. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFluid collections near the liver may cause an appearance on CT scanning of single or multiple low attenuation defects within the liver periphery. Tumour deposits may be suggested. The reasons for this are discussed. To prevent such diagnostic errors and save unnecessary biopsy or angiography, scanning should be performed using small intervals between slices, and thin cuts. Careful imaging on variable window settings is recommended. Recognition of the nature of the ‘pseudo‐tumour’ may prevent a patient with known primary non‐hepatic tumour being pronounced inoperable.
Acute Systemic Reactions to Intravascular Contrast Media –a planned approach
Authors: SKOWRONSKI GEORGE A. , RUNCIMAN WILLIAM B. , CRAWFORD C.W.S. , SAGE MICHAEL R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAdverse reactions to intravascular contrast media (ICM) are common and carry a significant mortality rate. Major factors influencing incidence and severity include age, a history of asthma, heart disease, significant allergy, the type of investigation and the type of contrast agent used. Many mechanisms may be involved in producing ICM reactions, including histamine release, complement activation, antigen‐antibody reactions and direct cardiovascular effects. In order to deal with these unexpected emergencies, a carefully organised plan is essential. Patients with significant heart disease, asthma, allergy or a history of previous contrast reactions should be referred to major hospitals for their investigation. The use of forearm intravenous cannulae should be encouraged and patients must be carefully observed during ICM administration. Adrenaline is the mainstay of therapy and early intramuscular administration is recommended. Corticosteroids and antihistamines have no role in severe reactions, but bronchodilators and infusion of colloid solutions may be required.
The Radiological, Ultrasound and Computed Tomographic Findings in a Case of Renal Malacoplakia
Authors: PUVANESWARY M. , TEONG CHUA CHIN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMultifocal renal parenchymal malacoplakia should be suspected in patients having grossly enlarged kidneys with urinary tract infection. Characteristic radiological and ultrasonographic appearances as is illustrated in this case report may be noted. However, renal biopsy is required for definitive diagnosis.
The Fifth Year Undergraduate Radiology Teaching Programme At the Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Authors: ALBERTYN L.E. , VIES G.T. DA , NEWBLE D.I. , TUCKER W.G. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTA short course in medical imaging totalling some nine hours, has been run for the past four years for small groups of fifth year medical students. The aims of the programme are to show students the scope of current radiology, to teach them how to consult the department and use the service effectively, to stimulate their interest in the natural history and patterns of disease, to teach them a logical approach to a radiograph, and to expose them to a range of common conditions demonstrated radiologically.The teaching methods and results are described.
Venous Angioma of the Brain: CT and Angiographic Diagnosis
Authors: LIM GERALD H.K. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTFive cases of the rare venous angioma of the brain are reported, along with a detailed description of the CT and angiographic findings. One case co‐existed with a brain tumour. The diagnosis can be made on the CT appearances alone in the majority of cases, with confirmation provided by cerebral angiography.
Post Metrizamide CT in the Diagnosis of Syringomyelia
Authors: FOULNER DERYCK , KHANGURE M.S. , CHAKERA T.M.H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT18 cases of syringomyelia examined over the last 3 years are reviewed.9 cases were post‐traumatic (PT) and 9 were non‐traumatic (NT). Of the 9 NT cases, 5 were secondary to Arnold‐Chiari malformation, 1 was associated with Astrocytoma of the cord, and 3 were designated idiopathic.The appearances of syringomyelia on myelogram CT (MCT) – the accumulation of contrast within the cord – are discussed along with suggestions for optimum scanning technique. Myelography block was present in 3 cases, and partial block in a further 3. The presence of block, or estimate of cord size, obviously could not be assessed in our case of direct syrinx puncture.The PT cases were found to accumulate contrast earlier than the NT cases.
Evaluation of Pre‐Operative Chest X‐Ray
Authors: JEAVONS S.J. , SIDDLE K.J. , MITCHELL C. , O'HARE P.M. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe study assesses the value of pre‐operative chest x‐rays in a group of 500 adult patients. The frequency of detected abnormalities has been shown to be age related, with a significant increase in the over 50 age group. The most frequent abnormalities were cardiomegaly (23%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (6.8%).Thirty‐three patients had abnormalities thought to be of significance in planned surgery or anaesthesia. Of these, four had surgery cancelled (3 with evidence of metastatic disease, 1 with severe emphysema) and one had palliative surgery (metastatic disease). One patient had surgery postponed due to workup of a suspicious rib lesion.It is important to curb unnecessary health costs and to justify investigations in terms of patient benefits and cost effectiveness. If preoperative chest x‐rays were limited to the over 50 age group or to patients with clinical features of cardiac, pulmonary or malignant disease, it is unlikely that significant disease will be missed.
Atypical Target Pattern: Sonography in GIT lesions
Authors: GUPTA ARUN KUMAR , BERRY M. , Bhargava Professor S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTAbdominal ultrasonography was performed in 17 patients with various GIT lesions. 13 of them had a palpable lump and 7 of these had clinically a non GIT anatomical localization. Ultrasound was done as the first diagnostic investigation in these 13 patients. A characteristic ‘Atypical Target’ pattern, suggestive of GIT pathology, was observed in all 17 patients, thereby correctly directing further workup with the least waste of time. Histopathological confirmation was available in all 17 patients. Awareness of normal and atypical target pattern is emphasised on the sonologist, since it may be an incidental finding while doing sonography for some other clinical condition, thereby clinching the diagnosis.
Percutaneous Real‐Time Ultrasonic Guided Biopsy in the Diagnosis of Deep‐Seated, Non‐Palpable Intra‐abdominal Masses (Initial Experience)
Authors: SAWHNEY DR. SUKHPAL , BERRY DR. MANORAMA , BHARGAVA DR. SNEH 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThe accuracy of detecting and assessing the nature of deep seated non‐palpable lesions by ultrasonically guided biopsy has not been well established. Although various authors have reported the accuracy of this technique in large mass lesions1,2 the accuracy in non‐palpable lesions has not been emphasized. A real‐time sector scanner with a biopsy guide attached to a 3 MHz transducer was used for guiding 23 gauge fine needles into 24 patients with deep seated non‐palpable masses, detected on ultrasound studies, with a view to diagnose or exclude malignancy, and to establish the exact nature of these lesions, either benign or malignant.Aspiration biopsy accurately diagnosed the lesions in 18 patients (75%). No complications occurred in any case.
Cloverleaf Skull and Bone Dysplasias (Report of four cases)
Authors: KOZLOWSKI K. , JEQUIER S. , SILLENCE D. , MOIR D.H. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFour newborns with cloverleaf skull – one with elbow synostoses, one with thanatophoric dysplasia and two with a generalised bone dysplasia are reported.The syndromic relationship of cloverleaf skull deformity is discussed, specifically that between cloverleaf deformity with thanatophoric dysplasia and cloverleaf deformity with generalised bone dysplasia which is different from both achondroplasia and thanatophoric dysplasia.The diagnosis “thanatophoric dysplasia with cloverleaf deformity” should be strictly applied to the rare cases of cloverleaf skull which show generalised bone changes characteristic for this syndrome.CLOVERLEAF SKULL (CS) is an easily recognised anomaly. Its associations with other skeletal anomalies is well known. There is however confusion between cases of CS with generalised bone dysplasias.The purpose of this paper is to clarify this latter problem as well as to report four new cases of this rare anomaly.
Failure of a Short Course of Prophylactic Cranial Irradiation to Reduce the Incidence of Cerebral Relapse in Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: BALL D.L. , BISHOP J.F. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTDuring 1981–1984, 17 patients achieving complete remission after chemotherapy for small cell lung cancer were treated with prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) 20 Gy in five fractions over five days. Seven patients (41%) developed CT‐documented cerebral relapse within 14 to 43 weeks (median 38 weeks) from PCI. Since this result is similar to the rates of cerebral relapse reported for patients not receiving PCI, we conclude that this dose schedule is ineffective for cranial prophylaxis.
Doppler Flow Measurements in the Assessment of Carotid Artery Stenosis
Authors: HASSAM RHONDA M. , EVILL CHARLES A. , BROPHY BRIAN P. , SAGE MICHAEL R. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTThis study aimed to determine if the structural changes found in intravenous digital subtraction angiography (IV‐DSA) studies of the extracranial carotid arteries can be related to changes in carotid blood flow, as measured by an ultrasonic Quantitative Volume Flow Meter (QFM), and tiiereby enable the elimination of normal patients from uneccesary IV‐DSA.QFM blood flow measurements were performed on patients referred for investigation of suspected extracranial carotid artery disease by IV‐DSA. The blood flow and velocity, high to low flow ratio, and ^velocity difference of both carotid arteries in each patient were determined, and the correlation between these values, individually and combined, and the results obtained from DSA, were determined.Analysis of results for individual arteries indicated only a weak correlation between blood flow values alone and carotid artery morphology. However, if a combination of the Dop‐pler parameters was used, the sensitivity of the QFM greatly increased.The QFM was able to identify correctly 36% of the 50 patients referred for IV‐DSA as having insignificant disease, and therefore it may have value as a first line of investigation in the selection of patients for IV‐DSA.
Digital Angiography—Myth and Reality
Authors: DAWSON PETER 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIV‐DSA has a place in modern angiography but it is a high contrast dose examination and rather unsuitable for many of the patients currently selected for it. Claims that it is non‐invasive, quick, simple and safe are also open to question. Intra‐arterial DSA, however, appears to possess many of the merits claimed for IV‐DSA. The conclusion to draw is not that there is no place for IV‐DSA but, rather, that we should be considerably more discriminating in our choice of patients to undergo the procedure.ABSTRACTThe parameters determining image quality in digital subtraction angiography (DSA) are outlined and a discussion of the relative merits of intravenous and intra‐arterial DSA is presented.
Central Nervous System Prophylaxis in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia: CT Brain Appearance After 3 Years Continuous Complete Remission in 36 Malaysian Children
Authors: NURUDDIN REGINA N. , DAUD ABDULLAH B. , LIN HAI‐PENG 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACT:The cranial computed tomograms (CT) of 36 asymptomatic children with acute lymphobiastic leukaemia (ALL) were obtained after 3 years continuous complete remission (CCR). In all these children central nervous system (CNS) in volvement had been excluded at initial assessment. All were regularly followed to monitor haematologic as well as CNS remission.Our study revealed that 22 of the 36 cases showed one or more of the following changes on brain CT: subarachnoid space widening, ventricular dilatation and intracerebral hypodense areas.Significantly, intracerebral calcification was absent. In 2 cases, however, the pineal was calcified and regarded as a variant of normal. Changes on brain CT were documented as severe if more than one of the three criteria mentioned existed (6 cases). Serial cranial CT scans were available in 3 children, one of whom showed regression of a hypodense periventricular lesion.Although CNS prophylaxis has dramatically increased survival time in childhood ALL, our findings concur with those of Peylan‐Ramu et al1 that treatment‐induced structural changes detectable on CT do occur in a considerable pro portion of asymptomatic disease‐free children in long‐term remission.
Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy Treatment Planning
Authors: TREMEWAN R.N. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTComputed tomography (CT) provides in creased accuracy in tumour localisation, patient ouline data and heterogeneity information. This makes the use of CT highly desirable in 2–dimensional treatment planning. Where 3–dimensional (3–D) planning is used computed tomography (or possibly MRI) is essential. Radiotherapy departments must include dedicated CT scanners if they are to attain acceptable accuracy in simulation and treatment planning. The use of modern accelerators and treatment planning systems will be downgraded in the absence of routine CT imaging in a Radiotherapy Department.
Myelographic Differentiation of Spinal Cord Arteriovenous Malformations from the Normal Population
Authors: GULLIVER DAVID , NOAKES JENNIFER 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTVascular filling defects are a normal feature of the thoracic myelogram. The aim of this paper was to provide criteria for differentiating the vascular filling defects in spinal AVM's from the range of filling defects seen in non‐AVM patients.Out of 940 consecutive thoracic myelograms, in non‐AVM patients, 505 had vascular filling defects. These were compared with the myelographic features of nine spinal AVM's, with regard to vessel diameter, length, tortuosity and number. None of these criteria were diagnostic of AVM's as there was overlap bet ween the vascular filling defects of AVM's and the range of normal spinal cord vessels, especial ly posterior spinal veins.However, filling defects greater than 1.4 mm diameter, which are excessively tortuous, long and. multiple, should be regarded as highly suspinous of an AVM.A lateral film is important when vascular filling defects are seen, for if these filling defects are anterior to the cord, an AVM is more likely.
Primary Cardiac Mass Lesions (A Study of 24 Cases)
Authors: RAJANI M. , MUKHOPADHYAY S. , DOGRA B. , SHRIVASTAVA S. , BHATIA M.L. , VENUGOPAL P. , BHARGAVA S. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTOver the last ten years we have come across 24 cases of cardiac mass lesions (tumors and cysts). twenty‐one were atrial myxomas, one fibrosarcoma of the right ventricle, one mesothelioma of the pericardium and one hydatid cyst of the epicardium.Of the 21 myxomas, 17 were in the left atrium and three in the right atrium. There was no case of bilateral myxoma or right ventricular myxoma. There was no female prepondrance in our series of myxomas as 11 were males and 10 were females, The myxomas were consistently identified by cine angiocardiography and echocar‐diography. Nineteen myxomas were successfully treated surgically with one early mortality and another late mortality. Both died of non‐cardiac complications.
Computerised Arthrotomography of the Glenohumeral Joint
Authors: FAITHFULL G.R. , SONNABEND D.H. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTComputerised arthrotomography of the glenohumeral joint is an extension of double contrast arthrography. It is of particular value in the assessment of patients with shoulder in stability, including patients in whom the diagnosis of recurrent subluxation requires substantiation, and shoulders which may be the site of multidirectional instability. It also appears to be of value in assessment of the articular surfaces following severe trauma. It should also be helpful in the detection of bicipital lesions and loose bodies.
Basilar Artery Fenestration with an associated Aneurysm: Case Report
Authors: FABRIKANT HAROLD 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe case of a middle‐aged woman with a rugtured basilar aneurysm in a fenestration is presented. The entity of intracranial arterial fenestration is discussed, with particular reference to posterior fossa aneurysms. Pitfalls in the recognition of fenestrations are considered. These apply mainly to short lesions and are of practical concern. On the one hand, a short fenestration ‘per se’ may be mistaken for a fusiform aneurysm. On the other hand, a saccular aneurysm in a fenestration may obscure the latter making its angiographic detection difficult, perhaps impossible.ABSTRACTThe Case of a middle‐aged woman With a ruptured basilar aneurysm in a fenestration is presented. The entity of intracranial arterial fenestration is discussed, with particular reference to posterior fossa aneurysms.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of Pseudosyrinxes
Authors: HOUANG M.T.W. , STERN M. , BREW B. , PELL M. , SHEEHY J. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTSix patients whose post‐myelographic computed tomography (CT) showed syringomyelia but whose clinical findings were not consistent were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In five of these patients no cavity was seen with MRI. A cavity was demonstrated in the sixth case but not in the region of abnormali ty on CT. MRI confirmed the clinical impression that intake of contrast into the cord did not represent a sryinx cavity. Possible causes are discussed. The term ‘pseudosyrinx’ is used for such a situation.
Paediatrie MR Imaging —Current Clinical Applications
Authors: DAVIES ROGER P. , SORBY WILLIAM A. 
Published: March 2008

ABSTRACTEighty four MRI examinations of 69 paediatric patients referred to the RNSH MRI unit were retrospectively reviewed with clinical notes to establish the role of MRI scanning in clinical practice to date. In view of the limited scanning time presently available, this study aims to identify those children for whom MRI provided the most useful diagnostic information and most assisted subsequent management.For intra‐cranial examinations, the most useful applications were as follows:—

Pre‐operative localization of primary brain tumours to assist selection of surgical approach and demonstrate involvement of adjacent structures or unsuspected distant CNS spread.
Surveillance of known tumours to determine the need for chemotherapy, radiotherapy or further surgery and to differentiate recur rent tumour from haemorrhage or cyst formation.
Demonstrate congenital or neoplastic lesions in the pituitary region.
Identify the presence and extent of disease in suspected demyelinating and ischaemic conditions.
Exclude the presence of lowgrade glioma associated with known cyst formation.

In the spine, MRI was most useful in the demonstration of syrinx cavities including size, extent and loculation. A number of these patients presented with scoliosis. Assessment of cord tumours and spinal dysraphism including tethered cord also proved useful.Significant problems in paediatric scanning included movement artifact, most common in children under six years of age with psychomotor retardation, and sometimes nescessitating general anaesthesia.
High Resolution Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Glomus Tumours of the Petrous Temporal Bone.
Authors: GRATTAN‐SMITH J. DAMIEN , DOUST BRUCE D. , FAGAN PAUL A. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYRecent advances in surgery have made it possible to resect virtually all glomus tumours involving the petrous temporal bone.The surgical approach depends on the extent of the tumour and the degree of involvement of the intrapetrous portion of the internal carotid artery.High resolution computed tomography offers an accurate means of staging these tumours and of distinguishing them from an aberrant internal carotid artery.The CT scans of eighteen patients thought clinically to have glomus tumours of the temporal bone were reviewed. The final diagnoses in our series included twelve glomus turnours, three aberrant internal carotid arteries, two carcinoid tumours and one meningioma.