bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Altered Levels ofSalmonellaDNA Adenine Methylase Are Associated with Defects in Gene Expression, Motility, Flagellar Synthesis, and Bile Resistance in the Pathogenic Strain 14028 but Not in the Laboratory Strain LT2
Authors: Badie Golnaz , Heithoff Douglas M. , Sinsheimer Robert L. , Mahan Michael J. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTComparative genomic analysis has revealed limited strain diversity betweenSalmonellapathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates. Thus, some of the relative virulence and host-immune response disparities may be credited to differential gene regulation rather than gross differences in genomic content. Here we show that altered levels ofSalmonellaDNA adenine methylase (Dam) resulted in acute defects in virulence-associated gene expression, motility, flagellin synthesis, and bile resistance in theSalmonellapathogenic strain 14028 but not in avirulent laboratory strain LT2. The defects in motility exhibited by 14028 in response to altered Dam levels was not dependent on the presence of the regulatory protein, RpoS. The transitioning between flagellar types (phase variation) was also differentially regulated in 14028 versus LT2 in response todamlevels, resulting in distinct differences in flagellin expression states. These data suggest that differential gene regulation may contribute to the relative virulence disparities observed betweenSalmonellaserovars that are closely related at the DNA level.
First Complete Genome Sequence of TwoStaphylococcus epidermidisBacteriophages
Authors: Daniel Anu , Bonnen Penelope E. , Fischetti Vincent A. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACTStaphylococcus epidermidisis an important opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections and is often associated with infections in patients with implanted prosthetic devices. A number of virulence determinants have been identified inS. epidermidis, which are typically acquired through horizontal gene transfer. Due to the high recombination potential, bacteriophages play an important role in these transfer events. Knowledge of phage genome sequences provides insights into phage-host biology and evolution. We present the complete genome sequence and a molecular characterization of twoS. epidermidisphages, φPH15 (PH15) and φCNPH82 (CNPH82). Both phages belonged to theSiphoviridaefamily and produced stable lysogens. The PH15 and CNPH82 genomes displayed high sequence homology; however, our analyses also revealed important functional differences. The PH15 genome contained two introns, and in vivo splicing of phage mRNAs was demonstrated for both introns. Secondary structures for both introns were also predicted and showed high similarity to those ofStreptococcus thermophilusphage 2972 introns. An additional finding was differential superinfection inhibition between the two phages that corresponded with differences in nucleotide sequence and overall gene content within the lysogeny module. We conducted phylogenetic analyses on all knownSiphoviridae, which showed PH15 and CNPH82 clustering withStaphylococcus aureus, creating a novel clade within theS. aureusgroup and providing a higher overall resolution of the siphophage branch of the phage proteomic tree than previous studies. Until now, noS. epidermidisphage genome sequences have been reported in the literature, and thus this study represents the first complete genomic and molecular description of twoS. epidermidisphages.
Levinas and Adorno: Universalizing the Jew after Auschwitz
Authors: Eisenstadt Oona 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe paper uses a comparison of Levinas and Adorno to raise certain questions about the former's thought. Both thinkers utilize Jewish experience as a trope for what eludes systematic conceptualization (particularly the conceptualization of history): the universalization and varying degrees of abstraction required to make this move form the content of the paper's central analysis. However, this analysis is framed in a wider argument about the way in which Levinas is an innovative thinker, the problems this innovation raises for the question of the eternal relevance of his ideas, and the influence a unique aspect of his thought has had on contemporary philosophers who seek to update him.
Verdict and Sentence: Cover and Levinas on the Robe of Justice
Authors: Gibbs Robert 
Published: December 2006

AbstractFew problems are as challenging to Levinas's ethics as the tension or even chiasm that opens between the ethics in relation to the face and the claims of the third. This paper offers a reading of the role of the judge in court as the model for understanding the relation of these two aspects of justice. I make reference to an essay by the legal theorist Robert Cover that explored the violence of the courtroom. He shows how society contains appropriate violence by framing the institutions of the court. Levinas then appears in his repeated citation of a Talmudic text about the judge not facing the defendant in a court. Through a careful reading of the Talmudic text and the Biblical texts upon which it draws, we can see Levinas sorting out the different kinds of responsibility to which the judge responds. The paper ends with a brief reflection on how engaging with the specificity of a text offers new methodological resources for philosophical reflection.
Secrecy, Modesty, and the Feminine: Kabbalistic Traces in the Thought of Levinas
Authors: Wolfson Elliot 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA number of scholars have discussed the possible affinities between Levinas and the kabbalah. In this essay, I explore the nexus between eros, secrecy, modesty, and the feminine in the thought of Levinas compared to a similar complex of ideas elicited from kabbalistic speculation. In addition to the likelihood that Levinas may have been influenced by the interrelatedness of these motifs in kabbalistic lore, I argue that he proffers an anti-theosophic interpretation of kabbalah, which accords with his rejection of the dogma of incarnation and the related polemical depiction of Christianity as idolatry. The appropriation of the kabbalistic hermeneutic on the part of Levinas, therefore, entailed a major revision. In translating the ontological into the ethical, Levinas divests the secret of its secretive potency, but thereby fostered an esoteric reading of Jewish esotericism.
"The Presence of the Other is a Presence that Teaches": Levinas, Pragmatism, and Pedagogy
Authors: Katz Claire Elise 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAlthough Levinas talks about ethics as a response to the other, most scholars assume that this "response" is not something tangible—it is not an actual giving of food or providing of shelter and clothing. But there is evidence in Levinas's own writings that indicate he does intend for a positive response to the Other. In any event, while he acknowledges that the other is the sole person I wish to kill, killing the other, within an ethical framework would be a violation of that response. The failure to respond to the other ethically requires us to ask if Levinas's project needs an educational philosophy or a model of moral cultivation to supplement it. This essay explores this question by putting into conversation Levinas's ethical project and his interest in Jewish education with John Dewey's philosophy of education and its relationship to the political community. This exploration will help us see what this field of research might offer in promoting the cultivation of ethical response as Levinas envisions it and what its limits are.
Is There a Warrant for Levinas's Talmudic Readings?
Authors: Kavka Martin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLevinas's Talmudic readings have played an important role in defending the claim that the discipline of modern Jewish philosophy cannot be reduced to a list of assimilationist thinkers. This article argues that this claim is defendable, but only if the premise of the claim ceases to be the content of Levinas's Talmudic readings: "The Temptation of Temptation" wrongly takes its sugya as representative of Judaism as a whole, the differing mathematical calculations between Levinas and the sugya he treats in "The Pact" suggest that the Talmud assumes a Rousseauian amour-propre, and "And God Created Woman" implies that Jewish ethics is not opposed to Jews' assimilation. I instead suggest that Levinas's Talmudic readings serve to promote the fecundity of Judaism; it is only through such "bad" readings that historical determinism can be conquered, and a messianic future becomes possible.
Ralph Strode's obligationes: The Return of Consistency and the Epistemic Turn
Authors: Novaes Catarina Dutilh 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn what follows, I analyze Ralph Strode's treatise on obligations. I have used a hitherto unpublished edition of the text (based on 14 manuscripts) made by Prof. E.J. Ashworth. I first give a brief description of Strode's text, which is all the more necessary given that it is not available to the average reader; I also offer a reconstruction of the rules proposed by Strode, following the style of reconstruction used in my analysis of Burley's and Swyneshed's rules elsewhere—that is, essentially based on the idea that obligationes can be viewed as logical games. In the second part, I address Strode's explicit arguments contra Swyneshed. In the third part, I discuss Strode's epistemic and pragmatic approach to obligationes.
Conceptions of Happiness and Human Destiny in the Late Thirteenth Century
Authors:   Eardley
Published: December 2006

AbstractMedieval theories of ethics tended on the whole to regard self-perfection as the goal of human life. However there was profound disagreement, particularly in the late thirteenth century, over how exactly this was to be understood. Intellectualists such as Aquinas famously argued that human perfection lay primarily in coming to know the essence of God in the next life. Voluntarists such as the Franciscan John Peckham, by contrast, argued that ultimate perfection was to be achieved in patria through the act of loving God. The present article argues that Giles of Rome and Henry of Ghent defended a different sort of voluntarism with respect to the final destiny of human beings. Rather than claiming that the goal of human life lay in the perfection of the self, they argued instead that ultimate union with God was to be achieved mystically through an act of self-transcendence, which occurred through ecstasy or quasi-deification.
The Thinker as a Noble Man (bene natus) and Preliminary Remarks on the Medieval Concepts of Nobility
Authors: Robiglio Andrea 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe late medieval discussion of 'nobility' (= nobilitas, dignitas) defined in philosophical terms (as opposed to other social notions like 'aristocracy'), produced a large number of writings, many of which are still unedited. Nevertheless, modern philosophical historiography (developed throughout the seventeenth century and reaching its first apogee with Hegel) has neglected the conceptual debates on nobility. Perhaps having assumed it to be a dead relic of the 'pre-illuminist' past, historians and philosophers understood 'nobility' as a non-philosophical issue and so it still appears in contemporary scholarship. The first aim of this essay is to draw attention to this issue by presenting a sort of preliminary catalogue of the different types of conceptualizations of 'mobility'. By exploring the meanings and philosophical employment of the expressions 'bene nasci' and 'bene natus', this article also reveals a new aspect of the Aristotelian notion of magnanimity.
Problems with Temporality and Scientific Propositions in John Buridan and Albert of Saxony
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe essay develops two major arguments. First, if John Buridan's 'first argument' for the reintroduction of natural supposition is only that the "eternal truth" of a scientific proposition is preserved because subject terms in scientific propositions supposit for all the term's past, present, and future significata indifferently; then Albert of Saxony thinks it is simply ineffective. Only the 'second argument', i.e. the argument for the existence of an 'atemporal copula', adequately performs this task; but is rejected by Albert. Second, later fourteenth-century criticisms of Buridan's natural supposition, given in certain Notabilia from the anonymous author in, Paris, BnF, lat. 14.716, ff. 40va-41rb, are nothing but an interpolated hodge-podge of criticisms given earlier in the century against various views of Buridan's by Albert of Saxony. It is this fact that makes Albert the real source of late fourteenth-century criticisms of Buridan's view of natural supposition.
Competitively-Linked and Non-Competitively-Linked Negotiations: Bilateral Trade Policy Negotiations in Australia, Singapore and the United States
Authors: Crump Larry 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIt is unusual to find a negotiation not linked to at least one other negotiation. In some domains, such as international trade policy, we can identify negotiation networks with parties simultaneously involved in negotiations in global, multilateral, regional, and bilateral trade policy settings. A single party (i.e., a national government) will manage similar issues in all four settings and also manage these same issues with multiple parties in a single setting. International trade policy is one of many "linkage-rich" environments.This study examines the relationship between two discrete but linked treaty negotiations: the Singapore-Australia Free Trade Agreement of 2003 (SAFTA) and the United States-Singapore Free Trade Agreement of 2003 (USSFTA). Case analysis identifies five structural factors that enhance the potential and fundamentally shape the nature of negotiation linkage dynamics. If linkage occurs then role theory can be employed to define two functional role types, a link-pin party (Singapore in this study) and linked parties (Australia and the United States). Such theory and case analysis support the development of propositions and help establish guidance for managing negotiation behavior. Key structural characteristics that appear to create linkage dynamics in this study are used to build a four-part structural framework that maps the universe of negotiation-linkage phenomena and determines the fundamental nature of four discrete linkage conditions. This framework also provides descriptive and prescriptive guidance for managing strategy and power in linked negotiations.
Coalitions, Developing Countries, and International Trade: Research Findings and Prospects
Authors:   Singh
Published: December 2006

AbstractDeveloping countries increasingly invest in coalition building to effect gains in international trade negotiations. This essay reviews recent literature on coalitions to assess its contribution to our understanding of the causes, types, and effectiveness of developing country coalitions. In particular, the global diffusion of power is discussed as an important dynamic affecting coalitions in trade negotiations. Our understanding of how these coalitions operate would be strengthened by paying attention to the derivation of state interests, rather than specifying them exogenously, and to the negotiation tactics that states use when working in coalitions.
Beyond Problem-Solving and Bargaining: Genuine Debate in EU External Trade Negotiations
Authors: Niemann Arne 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis article suggests that existing negotiation theory, which is dominated by the two paradigms of 'bargaining' and 'problem-solving', does not capture some important characteristics of international negotiations. It is argued that 'genuine debate' encapsulated by Habermas's concept of 'communicative action', which has largely been ignored in the negotiation literature, furthers and complements our understanding regarding negotiators' rationale for action and the dynamics of international negotiations. The paper specifies five conditions conducive to genuine debate: (1) a strongly shared lifeworld among negotiators; (2) uncertainty and lack of knowledge; (3) technical or cognitively complex issues; (4) the presence of persuasive individuals; and (5) low levels of politicization. My hypotheses are probed through a case study of EU negotiations concerning the WTO basic telecommunications agreement. My findings imply that genuine debate may occur most likely in pre-negotiations and at the diplomatic level of negotiations. I also conclude that agreements arrived at through genuine debate tend to be more enduring than those reached by bargaining and problem-solving, and that communicative negotiators are vulnerable to those merely pretending to participate in genuine debate. My analysis also tentatively indicates what kind of arguments may be persuasive in genuine debate.
RINGdb: An integrated database for G protein-coupled receptors and regulators of G protein signaling
Authors: Fang Yu-Ching , Sun Wei-Hsin , Wu Li-Cheng , Huang Hsien-Da , Juan Hsueh-Fen , Horng Jorng-Tzong 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundMany marketed therapeutic agents have been developed to modulate the function of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The regulators of G-protein signaling (RGS proteins) are also being examined as potential drug targets. To facilitate clinical and pharmacological research, we have developed a novel integrated biological database called RINGdb to provide comprehensive and organized RGS protein and GPCR information.ResultsRINGdb contains information on mutations, tissue distributions, protein-protein interactions, diseases/disorders and other features, which has been automatically collected from the Internet and manually extracted from the literature. In addition, RINGdb offers various user-friendly query functions to answer different questions about RGS proteins and GPCRs such as their possible contribution to disease processes, the putative direct or indirect relationship between RGS proteins and GPCRs. RINGdb also integrates organized database cross-references to allow users direct access to detailed information. The database is now available athttp://ringdb.csie.ncu.edu.tw/ringdb/.ConclusionRINGdb is the only integrated database on the Internet to provide comprehensive RGS protein and GPCR information. This knowledgebase will be useful for clinical research, drug discovery and GPCR signaling pathway research.
Longitudinal patterns of behaviour problems in children with specific speech and language difficulties: Child and contextual factors
Authors: Lindsay Geoff. , Dockrell Julie E. , Strand Steve. 
Published: December 2006

Background. The purpose of this study was to examine the stability of behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) in children with specific speech and language difficulties (SSLD), and the relationship between BESD and the language ability.Method. A sample of children with SSLD were assessed for BESD at ages 8, 10 and 12 years by both teachers and parents. Language abilities were assessed at 8 and 10 years.Results. High levels of BESD were found at all three ages but with different patterns of trajectories for parents' and teachers' ratings. Language ability predicted teacher‐ but not parent‐rated BESD.Conclusions. The study confirms the persistence of high levels of BESD over the period 8–12 years and the continuing comorbidity of BESD and language difficulties but also indicates a complex interaction of within‐child and contextual factors over time.
Competing missions: Balancing entrepreneurialism with community responsiveness in community college continuing education divisions
Authors: Downey John A. , Pusser Brian , Turner J. Kirsten 
Published: December 2006

AbstractContinuing education divisions in community colleges tend to be among the most entrepreneurial and innovative programs in higher education. This chapter presents data from a national survey of continuing education programs and suggests that shifting economic and institutional factors influence the manner in which community colleges offer those programs.
Submissive voices dominate in depression: Assimilation analysis of a helpful session
Authors: Osatuke Katerine , Mosher James K. , Goldsmith Jacob Z. , Stiles William B. , Shapiro David A. , Hardy Gillian E. , Barkham Michael 
Published: December 2006

AbstractUsing the assimilation model, we describe a theoretical paradox in which interpersonally assertive parts of the depressed person's personality are dominated and suppressed by parts that are interpersonally submissive and passive. We examine the relevance of this paradox to therapeutic work, focusing on a particularly helpful session (according to the therapist) from the case of Joan, a woman seen for depression in cognitive‐behavioral therapy. We consider how the therapist intervened to enhance communication between the interpersonally submissive and dominant parts of Joan and discuss the implications of this process for therapy with such clients. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 153–164, 2007.
Multiplicity of selves and others: Cognitive analytic therapy
Authors: Ryle Anthony , Fawkes Liz 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn cognitive analytic therapy (CAT), multiplicity is understood in terms of a range of self‐other patterns (reciprocal role relationships) originating in childhood. These alternate in determining experience and action according to the situation (contextual multiplicity). They may be restricted by adverse childhood experiences (diminished multiplicity), and severe deprivation or abuse may result in a structural dissociation of self‐processes ( pathological multiplicity). Therapeutic interventions, to be effective, must be based on an understanding of the structure of the individual patient's self‐processes. In CAT practice, descriptions of dysfunctional relationship patterns and of transitions between them are worked out by therapist and patient at the start of therapy and are used by both throughout its course. This approach is illustrated by an account of the treatment of a depressed and anxious 70‐year‐old man who alternated between two main patterns. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 165–174, 2007.
The multistory self: Why the self is more than the sum of its autoparts
Authors: Power M. J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA summary is presented of both the theoretical and clinical points made by the contributors to this issue of Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session on the multiplicity of self. It is argued that there are many theoretical and clinical commonalities in the diverse range of psychotherapies that have been developed and that have been used in work with problems in the self‐concept. Core problems encountered in clinical practice include an apparent self‐integration that is attained through the exclusion of important parts of the self. The key to opening up clients who present such problems is through the use of experienced emotions and the therapeutic relationship. More extreme problems in the self‐concept can be seen in the personality and psychotic disorders, in which the self may be chaotic or disintegrated. Such clients may need help with the development of a reflective self that can integrate and regulate the separate parts of the self‐concept. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 63: 187–198, 2007.
The circular chromatic numbers of planar digraphs
Authors: Soh Chin‐Ann 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe circular chromatic number is a refinement of the chromatic number of a graph. It has been established in [3,6,7] that there exists planar graphs with circular chromatic number r if and only if r is a rational in the set {1} ∪ [2,4]. Recently, Mohar, in [1,2] has extended the concept of the circular chromatic number to digraphs and it is interesting to ask what the corresponding result is for digraphs. In this article, we shall prove the new result that there exist planar digraphs with circular chromatic number r if and only if r is a rational in the interval [1,4]. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 55: 14–26, 2007