bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Opioid-free anesthesia with ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block in the supine position for lower abdominal or pelvic surgery: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Dai Jingwei , Li Shanliang , Weng Qijun , Long Jinxiong , Wu Duozhi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the past, quadratus lumborum block (QLB) was mostly used for postoperative analgesia in patients, and few anesthesiologists applied it during surgery with opioid-free anesthesia (OFA). Consequently, it is still unclear whether QLB in the supine position can provide perfect analgesia and inhibit anesthetic stress during surgery under the OFA strategy. To observe the clinical efficacy of ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block (US-QLB) in the supine position with OFA for lower abdominal and pelvic surgery. A total of 122 patients who underwent lower abdominal or pelvic surgery in People’s Hospital of Wanning between March 2021 and July 2022 were selected and divided into a quadratus lumborum block group (Q) (n = 62) and control group (C) (n = 60) according to the random number table method. Both groups underwent general anesthesia combined with QLB in the supine position. After sedation, unilateral or bilateral QLB was performed via the ultrasound guided anterior approach based on images resembling a “human eye” and “baby in a cradle” under local anesthesia according to the needs of the operative field. In group Q, 20 ml of 0.50% lidocaine and 0.20% ropivacaine diluted in normal saline (NS) were injected into each side. In group C, 20 ml of NS was injected into each side. The values of BP, HR, SPO2, SE, RE, SPI, NRS, Steward score, dosage of propofol, dexmedetomidine, and rocuronium, the number of patients who needed remifentanil, propofol, or diltiazem, puncture point, block plane, duration of anesthesia, catheter extraction, and wakefulness during the operation were monitored. There were no significant differences in the general data, number of cases requiring additional remifentanil, propofol, or diltiazem treatment, as well as puncture point and puncture plane between the two groups (P > 0.05). HR, SBP, and DBP values were higher in group Q than in group C at T1; HR, SPI, and SE, while RE values were lower in group Q than in group C at T3, SE, and RE; the Steward score was higher in group Q than in group C at T4 and T5, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The extubation and awake times were lower in group Q than in group C, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The SE, RE, and SPI values were lower at T1, T2, T3, and T4 than at T0. The Steward scores at T4 and T5 were higher in group Q than in group C, and were lower than at T0, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the effectiveness of postoperative analgesia between the two groups at t1, t3 and t4 (P < 0.05). US-QLB in the supine position with OFA is effective in patients undergoing lower abdominal or pelvic surgery with stable intraoperative vital signs, complete recovery and better postoperative analgesia.
Controlling surface morphology of Ag-doped ZnO as a buffer layer by dispersion engineering in planar perovskite solar cells
Authors: Bagha Ghazaleh , Samavati Katayoon , Naffakh-Moosavy Homam , Matin Laleh Farhang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, the power conversion efficiency (PCE (%)) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has improved to over 26%. To enhance the photovoltaic properties of PSCs, several materials for the electron transport layer (ETL) have been investigated. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a significant ETL due to its high electron mobility and optical transparency in PSCs. As a result of various deposition methods, ZnO ETL can be processed at low temperatures. On the other hand, based on several studies, metal-doped ZnO can facilitate electron transfer, thereby improving the performance of un-doped ZnO ETL-based PSCs. Here, to improve the PCE (%) and long-term stability of un-doped ZnO ETL-PSCs, silver (Ag)-doped ZnO 1wt% as a buffer layer is examined. In this paper, with the addition of an organic solvent (ethanol) to the dispersion of Ag-doped ZnO 1 wt% nanoparticles (NPs) in deionized (DI) water, the morphology of the buffer layer (Ag-doped ZnO 1 wt%) can be controlled. This approach focuses on reducing the wettability of the ZnO/Ag-doped ZnO 1 wt% bilayer ETLs and enhancing the stability of un-doped ZnO ETL-PSCs. According to the results, the ZnO/H2O-ethanol mixtures-Ag-doped ZnO 1 wt% bilayer ETL leads to the formation of high-quality perovskite with low defects, reducing the recombination rate, and long-term stability of un-doped ZnO ETL-PSCs in ambient conditions.
Experimental investigation of the sequence injection effect of sea water and smart water into an offshore carbonate reservoir for enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Dehaghani Amir Hossein Saeedi , Daneshfar Reza 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThis study explores enhanced oil recovery (EOR) strategies, with a focus on carbonate reservoirs constituting over 60% of global oil discoveries. While “smart water” injection proves effective in EOR for carbonate reservoirs, offshore application challenges arise due to impractical volumes for injection. To address this, we propose a novel continuous injection approach, systematically investigating it on a laboratory scale using the Iranian offshore reservoir, Sivand. Thirty-six contact angle tests and twelve flooding experiments are meticulously conducted, with key ions, potassium, and sulfate, playing pivotal roles. Optimal wettability alteration is observed at 4 times potassium ion concentration in 0–2 times sulfate concentrations, driven by ionic strength and charge interactions. Conversely, at 3–5 times sulfate concentrations, the optimal contact angle shifts to 2 times potassium ion concentration, suggesting a mechanism change linked to increasing sulfate ion ionicity. A significant wettability alteration, evidenced by a 132.8° decrease, occurs in seawater with a twofold concentration of potassium ions and a fivefold concentration of sulfate ions. Micromodel experiments introduce an innovative alternation of smart water and seawater injections. The first scenario, smart water followed by seawater injection, reveals negligible post-seawater injection oil recovery changes. In contrast, the second scenario yields a maximum recovery of 7.9%. The first scenario, however, boasts superior overall sweep efficacy, reaching approximately 43%. This research expands understanding of smart water and seawater injection in EOR, presenting a viable solution for optimizing offshore carbonate reservoir recovery. The insights contribute to evolving EOR methodologies, emphasizing tailored strategies for varying reservoir conditions.
Predicting extremely low body weight from 12-lead electrocardiograms using a deep neural network
Authors: Kurisu Ken , Yamazaki Tadahiro , Yoshiuchi Kazuhiro 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPrevious studies have successfully predicted overweight status by applying deep learning to 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG); however, models for predicting underweight status remain unexplored. Here, we assessed the feasibility of deep learning in predicting extremely low body weight using 12-lead ECGs, thereby investigating the prediction rationale for highlighting the parts of ECGs that are associated with extremely low body weight. Using records of inpatients predominantly with anorexia nervosa, we trained a convolutional neural network (CNN) that inputs a 12-lead ECG and outputs a binary prediction of whether body mass index is ≤ 12.6 kg/m2. This threshold was identified in a previous study as the optimal cutoff point for predicting the onset of refeeding syndrome. The CNN model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.807 (95% confidence interval, 0.745–0.869) on the test dataset. The gradient-weighted class activation map showed that the model focused on QRS waves. A negative correlation with the prediction scores was observed for QRS voltage. These results suggest that deep learning is feasible for predicting extremely low body weight using 12-lead ECGs, and several ECG features, such as lower QRS voltage, may be associated with extremely low body weight in patients with anorexia nervosa.
Emotional Stress-Induced Thyroid Storm
Authors: Ghaiti Salem Al , Al-rudaini Mazin , Alyamani Abdulrahman , Alreesi Ali 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThyroid storm is an endocrine emergency with high mortality due to severe uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis, often associated with precipitating factors. The chance of survival will increase with early suspicion, prompt diagnosis, and immediate treatment. In this case report, we are presenting a 49-year-old female who came to the emergency department with acute pulmonary edema, agitation, severe tachycardia, high-grade fever with uncontrolled thyrotoxicosis. A diagnosis of thyroid storm was made. The patient presentation was following severe emotional stress after the passing of her mother-in-law. In the literature review, only a few cases reported as emotional stress induced thyroid storm, and we would like to present this life-threatening endocrine emergency.
The association between synchrony and intellectual productivity in a group discussion : a study using the SenseChair
Authors: Manabe Motoki , Fujiwara Ken , Ito Kodai , Itoh Yuichi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn recent years, multi-person meeting formats such as brainstorming sessions and hackathons have become prevalent in numerous workplaces. Despite the introduction of several effective methods and guidelines for these meeting formats, optimal performance is not always attained, even when utilizing such methods and guidelines. There has been active research to support intellectual production activities, and there is a demand to establish a quantitative index to assess the intellectual productivity of a group. In this study, we employed a method for evaluating the intellectual productivity of a group by analyzing the physical movements of conversationalists during discussions. With our main focus on the synchrony of conversationalists, we examined the correlation between synchrony and intellectual productivity and delved further into our analysis, specifically exploring the relationship between pairwise synchrony and various factors such as the number of ideas generated, the number of idea categories, and the originality of ideas produced during a discussion. Our analysis revealed a marginally significant positive correlation between the mean value of pairwise synchrony and the number of ideas generated by the team during the discussion. Our findings indicate that, as more pairs synchronize their body movements during a discussion, a greater number of ideas are generated by the team. Additionally, we suggest that analyzing local pairwise synchrony, focusing on pairs of participants rather than all participants in the discussion could provide further insights into the correlation with the intellectual productivity of the group as a whole.
Response of microbial community diversity and the abundance of nitrogen-cycling genes to Bacillus subtilis application in mulberry field soil
Authors: Yu Yanfang , Huang Jinzhi , Tong Zhongfei , Deng Zhenhua , Wang Yawei , Wang Junwen 
Published: February 2024

Context Bacillus subtilis (BS) is a widely used microbial agent that could improve soil fertility and soil microenvironment. There is still uncertainty about the suitability of BS for cultivating crops with high demand for nitrogen fertiliser. Aims To evaluate the effects of BS agent on microbial community diversity and nitrogen-cycling genes in mulberry rhizosphere soil. Methods Pot experiments were conducted. Different dosages (CK, 0; T1, 0.5 × 106 CFU g−1 soil; T2, 1 × 106 CFU g−1 soil; T3, 2 × 106 CFU g−1 soil) of BS agent were applied to irrigate the mulberry soil. The soil nutrient content, enzyme activity, bacterial community, and nitrogen-cycling genes were determined. Key results T1 had the highest Chao1 and Shannon index, while T3 had the lowest. BS-treated samples had higher relative abundance of Actinobacteria and Chloroflexi than that of CK. Specially, BS-treated samples had higher relative abundance of Sphingomonas, Reyranella, and Hyphomicrobium, which was significantly positively correlated with the content of organic matter, total soluble nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and the activity of sucrase. The abundance of genes involved in amino acid metabolism, energy metabolism, metabolism of cofactors, and vitamin functions also increased in the BS-treated samples. BS treatment significantly increased the abundance of AOA-amoA and nirK genes, but decreased the abundance of nirS and nifH genes. Conclusions An appropriate amount of BS agent could improve soil fertility, regulate the dominant bacterium communities, and affect the abundance of functional genes involved in nitrogen cycling. Implications BS is probably a good choice for mulberry cultivation to improve nitrogen fertiliser utilisation efficiency.
A full-function Global Common Module prototype for ATLAS Phase-II upgrade
Authors: Qian W. ,   the ATLAS TDAQ collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC [1]), an upgrade of the LHC, is set to become operational in 2029, aiming to achieve instantaneous luminosities 5–7.5 times larger than the nominal value of the LHC. However, unlocking the full physics potential at this much higher luminosity level necessitates a tenfold increase in the data bandwidth processed by ATLAS. This poses significant challenges to the design of the Trigger and Data Acquisition systems. To address these challenges, a baseline architecture has been chosen for the ATLAS Phase-II upgrade, relying on a single-level hardware trigger known as the Level-0 Trigger. This trigger has a maximum rate of 1 MHz and a latency of 10 μs. Central to this upgrade is the inclusion of a new subsystem — the Global Trigger [2]. This component performs complex algorithms, akin to those currently used in Phase-I high-level trigger software (such as Topoclustering), on full-granularity calorimeter data. The Global Trigger is divided into three sublayers: the Multiplexer Processor (MUX) layer, the Global Event Processor (GEP) layer, and the Global to Central Trigger Processor [3] interface (gCTPi). A full-function Global Common Module (GCM) hardware prototype has been designed to fulfill the requirements of all three sublayers of the Global Trigger, featuring different firmware loads. This GCM prototype, based on the ATCA [4] front board form factor, incorporates two of the latest AMD (Xilinx) Versal Premium devices VP1802 [5]. These devices boast double the density of the Virtex UltraScale+ FPGA VU13P used in the previous design [6] and include an integrated SoC with a completely new architecture. To handle high-speed I/Os, this GCM prototype employs twenty 12-channel 25.7 Gb/s FireFly [7] optical engines. The estimated maximum power consumption of this GCM prototype is 400 W, which falls within the cooling capabilities of the ATLAS ATCA shelf. To ensure power integrity, signal integrity, and thermal performance, extensive PCB simulations and thermal simulations have been done to guide the layout design of the GCM prototype. This paper provides an in-depth overview of the design process for this full-function GCM prototype hardware, with a particular focus on technology choices and simulation results.
Directional-sensitive wide field-of-view monitoring of high-intensity proton beams by spectral tracking of scattered particles with scattering foil and miniaturized radiation camera
Authors: Granja C. , Uhlar R. , Poklop D. , Alexa P. , Zach V. , Oancea C. , Marek L. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Monitoring and characterization of particle beams in wide-range is often necessary in research and many applications with particle accelerators. The quantitative measurement and evaluation of composition especially of high-intensity beams are limited and can become a challenge with conventional methods especially with simplified instrumentation for ease of deployment. For this purpose, we developed a novel technique based on high-resolution spectral-sensitive tracking of single particles scattered from the beam path by a thin foil. We use a compact radiation camera equipped with the semiconductor pixel detector Timepix3 together with dedicated Monte-Carlo simulations. Particle-event type discrimination and directional information are produced by the detector spectral-tracking response together with particle-type resolving power derived from experimental calibrations. Directional- and spectral-sensitive components can be resolved in wide field-of-view. Quantification of the primary beam intensity is extrapolated by numerical calculations. Demonstration and evaluation of the technique are provided by measurements with 33 MeV protons from a light ion cyclotron accelerator.
Scattered particles originating from the thin foil, the accelerator beam nozzle, and the air space along the beam path are detected and evaluated.
Study of phase objects by dynamical diffraction of a spherical X-ray wave in a crystal using a temperature gradient
Authors: Levonyan L. , Manukyan H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The possibility of reconstructing the internal structure of a phase object by dynamical diffraction of a spherical X-ray wave in a crystal using a temperature gradient was investigated. It is shown that the use of a temperature gradient directed perpendicular to the crystal surface makes it possible to obtain a focal distribution of all point inhomogeneities in the phase object on the exit surface of the crystal. By moving the phase object along the direction of the diffraction vector and registering the entire map of obtained data, one can restore the additional phase of the wave and the internal structure of the phase object section.
Vision-based measurement method for geometric dimensions of PVC pipe end faces
Authors: Yu Yinyin , Zhao Zhifan , Hou Huaishu , Xia Shuaijun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study introduces a vision-based expedited methodology for assessing various geometric circular dimensions on the termini of PVC conduits. The process commences with delineating pipe profiles using the EDPF algorithm for edge detection. Successive steps employ a radius-constrained weighted circular approximation algorithm to form provisional circular profiles from closed-edge segments. These profiles are refined using a rapid circle arc fitting algorithm for multiple open-edge sections. Noise circles are sifted out with the Number of False Alarms algorithm, and upon calibration with actual dimensions, these profiles are quantified into physical sizes of the conduit's terminal geometries. Empirical evidence from the methodology demonstrates an ability to measure the circular dimensions with a mean accuracy rate surpassing 99.2%.
Vertical Characteristics of HCHO and NO2 in Suburban Shanghai: Understanding of Ozone formation sensitivity via Secondary HCHO
Authors: Tanvir Aimon , Javed Zeeshan , Wang Shanshan , Zhou Bin , Zhang Sanbao , Bai Xuezhi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Since ozone (O3) pollution in China is on the rise, vertical distribution of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) and their role towards O3 formation are critical towards designing O3 control strategies. Seasonal characteristics of aerosols, HCHO and NO2 were investigated over suburban Shanghai using Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) from June 2020 to May 2021. For HCHO, the highest average vertical mixing ratios (VMRs) were observed for summer (0.775 ppb), followed by autumn (0.719 ppb), spring (0.718 ppb) and winter (0.672 ppb) at ground level. Seasonal trends in NO2 VMRs were observed to be opposite to that of HCHO with peak values occurring during winter (2.212 ppb) at the ground level followed by autumn (1.881 ppb), spring (1.415 ppb) and summer (1.124 ppb). In vertical, aerosols depicted a Gaussian shape with a higher values between 0.2 - 0.5 km. An exponential decay in NO2 VMRs is observed from 0.0 km to 3.0 km while the integral component of HCHO was found to be concentrated up to 2.0 km particularly during summer months. The vertical distribution of NO2 in different seasons mainly appeared below 0.5 km, while that of HCHO appeared within the range of 0.2-1.0 km. Both aerosols and NO2 tend to be higher during haze days compared to non-haze days while HCHO was found to be higher during clear days owing to high photochemical activity on a clear day. Based on the ratio of HCHO to NO2 (RFN), this study attempted to quantify the vertical characteristics of O3 sensitivity for different seasons. The results indicated that the O3 sensitivity was VOC-limited both at lower (generally, 0.0 - 0.6 km) and higher heights (1.8 - 3.0 km) while some transition limited scenarios were found at middle height (0.7 – 1.7 km) particularly during daytime. The results depicted that secondary HCHO is a crucial factor controlling on O3 sensitivity over Shanghai where enhanced ratio of VOC limited regime was observed with secondary HCHO for all the seasons.
Effect of gas components on the post-discharge temporal behavior of OH and O of a non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma driven by nanosecond voltage pulses
Authors: WANG 王 Lanping 兰萍 , NIE 聂 Lanlan 兰兰 , LU 卢 Xinpei 新培 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
OH radicals and O atoms are two of the most important reactive species of non-equilibrium atmospheric pressure plasma (NAPP), which plays an important role in applications such as plasma medicine. However, experimental studies on how the gas content affects the post-discharge temporal evolutions of OH and O in the noble gas ns-NAPP are very limited. In this work, the effect of the percentages of O2, N2, and H2O on the amounts of OH and O productions and their post-discharge temporal behaviors in ns-NAPP is investigated by laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) method. The results show that the productions of OH and O increase and then decrease with the increase of O2 percentage. Both OH and O densities reach their maximum when about 0.8% O2 is added. Further increase of the O2 concentration results in a decrease of the initial densities of both OH and O, and leads to their faster decay. The increase of N2 percentage also results in the increase and then decrease of the OH and O densities, but the change is smaller. Furthermore, when the H2O concentration is increased from 100 to 3000 ppm, the initial OH density increases slightly, but the OH density decays much faster, while the initial density of O decreases with the increase of the H2O concentration. After analysis, it is found that OH and O are mainly produced through electron collisional dissociation. O(1D) is critical for OH generation. O3 accelerates the consumption processes of OH and O at high O2 percentage. The addition of H2O in the NAPP considerably enhances the electronegativity, while it decreases the overall plasma reactivity, accelerates the decay of OH, and reduces the O atom density.