bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic studies of blood pressure in rats treated with a series of cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitors
Authors: DePasquale Michael , Cadelina Gregory , Knight Delvin , Loging William , Winter Steven , Blasi Eileen , Perry David , Keiser Joan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractILLUMINATE, the Phase 3 clinical trial of morbidity and mortality (M&M) with the cholesteryl ester transfer protein inhibitor (CETPi), torcetrapib (CP‐529,414), was terminated in December 2006 due to an imbalance in all cause mortality. The underlying cause of the M&M remains undetermined. While torcetrapib produced dose‐related increases in blood pressure in clinical trials, the mechanism of the increase in blood pressure is also undetermined. The pressor effects of torcetrapib and structurally related compounds were studied in several pathways involved in blood pressure control. Studies were conducted in rats treated with a series of structurally related molecules (CP‐529,414, CP‐532,623, PF‐868,348, CP‐746,281, CP‐792,485, PF‐868,343, and CE‐308,958). CP‐529,414, CP‐532,623, CP‐868,343, and CP‐792,485 are potent CETP inhibitors; PF‐868,348 is weakly potent and CP‐746,281 and CE‐308,958 are CETP‐inactive. Changes in blood pressure were determined in conscious animals in conjunction with pharmacologic blockade of numerous pressor agents/pathways. Torcetrapib and CP‐532,623 increased blood pressure following both chronic PO and acute IV administration. The CETP‐inactive enantiomer of CP‐532,623, CP‐746,281 failed to raise blood pressure. PF‐868,348, a structural analogue with ∼50‐fold lower CETPi activity also displayed pressor activity. Blockade of adrenergic, cholinergic, angiotensin, endothelin, NOS, Rho kinase, and thromboxane pathways failed to attenuate the pressor response. These data demonstrate that the blood pressure activity seen with torcetrapib can be dissociated from CETP inhibitor pharmacology and numerous pharmacology pathways can be discounted in the attempt to understand the molecular basis of the pressor pharmacology. Drug Dev Res 70:2009 © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Determining the cytotoxicity of methotrexate‐loaded microemulsion on human breast, ovarian, and prostate carcinoma cell lines: a new modality for an old drug
Authors: Karasulu H.Y. , Kantarcı G. , Karaca B. , Armagan V. , Güneri T. , Göker E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to develop an optimal methotrexate (MTX) microemulsion (M‐MTX) and to evaluate the suppressive effect of MTX‐loaded microemulsion on human breast, ovarian, and prostate carcinoma cell lines. The microemulsion was made up of corn‐oil as the oil phase, a mixture of Cremophore EL and Span 80 as surfactants, and isopropyl alcohol as co‐surfactant and 0.1 N NaOH as the aqueous phase. MTX (0.1 mg/mL MTX ) was added into the microemulsion at the last stage. The pH of M‐MTX was adjusted to pH 8±0.1 and the physicochemical stability of the formulation was observed. The particle size distribution was measured by Zetasizer 3000 HSA. The mean droplet diameters of M‐MTX were determined as 13.3±0.1 nm (poly dispersity index=530±0.01). The antitumor effects of M‐MTX were examined on human breast (MCF‐7), ovarian (OVCAR), and prostate (DU 145) carcinoma cell lines. It was clearly demonstrated that M‐MTX had a significant cytotoxic effect on different carcinoma cell lines and the cytotoxic effect of M‐MTX was significantly more than that of commercial preparation (C‐MTX) (P<0.05). According to the in vitro cytotoxicity studies, it can be concluded that when MTX was incorporated into the microemulsion (M‐MTX), which is a new drug carrier system, it suppresses tumour cell growth on multiple tumor lines. These results indicate that M‐MTX may be effective as an antitumor agent that induces apoptosis. Drug Dev Res 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Relationship between HbA1c and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with different insulin regimens in combination with metformin
Authors: Chan John Y. C. , Leyk Malgorzata , Frier Brian M. , Tan Meng H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundTo examine the relationship between glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin (Met) and either insulin lispro mixtures, given twice or thrice daily (LM + Met), or insulin glargine, given once daily (G + Met).MethodsData from three randomized clinical trials were pooled to compare effects of LM + Met with G + Met.ResultsThe LM + Met group achieved lower mean HbA1c (mean ± SE, 7.2 ± 0.1 vs. 7.7 ± 0.1%, p < 0.0001) and all meals combined post‐prandial blood glucose (BG) (8.9 ± 0.1 vs. 10.2 ± 0.1 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) compared with the G + Met group, but had higher fasting blood glucose (8.1 ± 0.1 vs. 6.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L, p < 0.0001) and insulin requirement (0.7 ± 0.01 vs. 0.6 ± 0.01 U/kg, p < 0.0001). Over the entire study period, daytime hypoglycaemia was higher for the LM + Met group (10.3 vs. 3.5 episodes/patient/year, p < 0.0001) than for the G + Met group; however, nocturnal hypoglycaemia was lower (3.4 vs. 6.6 episodes/patient/year, p = 0.003). At endpoint, daytime hypoglycaemia was higher for the LM + Met group (6.2 vs. 1.4 episodes/patient/year, p < 0.0001); however, nocturnal hypoglycaemia was similar in both groups (1.9 vs. 3.0 episodes/patient/year). An inverse relationship was observed between all confirmed hypoglycaemia and HbA1c at endpoint; for every 1% reduction in HbA1c, the increase (in slope) was 1.4 episodes/patient/year (p = 0.04). Patients with confirmed hypoglycaemia had lower HbA1c than patients without hypoglycaemia (7.39 vs. 7.64%, respectively; decrement = 0.26%, p = 0.026).ConclusionsThese studies demonstrated an inverse relationship between HbA1c and 24‐h and daytime hypoglycaemia. Lispro insulin mixtures provided lower HbA1c and post‐prandial blood glucose values than glargine, but caused more daytime hypoglycaemia. Frequency of nocturnal hypoglycaemia was similar and severe hypoglycaemia was rare with both insulin regimens. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Iron(II/III) Complexes with N2O22– Coordinating Schiff Base Like Ligands (Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 4/2009)
Authors: Weber Birgit , Jäger Ernst‐G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe cover picture shows the general formula of the iron complexes presented in the Microreview by B. Weber and E.‐G. Jäger on p. 465ff with single crystals of one of the complexes in the background. The application of this system ranges over model compounds for biological systems to molecular magnets or molecular switches. The examples show the reversible binding of the biomolecule nitric oxide, a spin‐crossover complex with a 70 K wide thermal hysteresis loop around room temperature and an example for spontaneous magnetic ordering below 10 K.
Characterization of volatile compounds and triacylglycerol profiles of nut oils using SPME‐GC‐MS and MALDI‐TOF‐MS
Authors: Bail Stefanie , Stuebiger Gerald , Unterweger Heidrun , Buchbauer Gerhard , Krist Sabine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSeveral nut oil varieties mainly used as culinary and overall healthy food ingredients were subject of the present study. Headspace solid‐phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry was employed in order to determine the qualitative composition of volatile compounds. Furthermore, matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was used in order to assess the profiles and relative composition of the prevalent triacylglycerols (TAG) within the oils. The headspace of the majority of oil samples was dominated by high contents of acetic acid (up to 42%) and hexanal (up to 32%). As nut oils are typically gained by cold‐pressing from previously roasted nuts, characteristic pyrazine derivatives as well as degradation products of long‐chain fatty acids were detected. TAG analysis of these oils revealed a quite homogeneous composition dominated by components of the C52 and C54 group composed mainly of oleic (18:1), linoleic (18:2), stearic (18:0) and palmitic (16:0) acid residues representing together between 65 and 95% of the investigated nut oils. The TAG profiles showed characteristic patterns which can be used as ‘fingerprints’ of the genuine oils. Nut oils exhibiting quite similar fatty acid composition (e.g. hazelnut, pistachio and beech oil) could be clearly discriminated based on TAG showing significant differences between the oils.
Lipase/acyltransferase‐catalysed interesterification of fat blends containing n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
Authors: Osório Natália Melo , Dubreucq Eric , da Fonseca Maria Manuela R. , Ferreira‐Dias Suzana 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe lipase/acyltransferase from Candida parapsilosis is an original biocatalyst that preferentially catalyses alcoholysis over hydrolysis in biphasic aqueous/organic media. In this study, the performance of the immobilised biocatalyst in the interesterification in solvent‐free media of fat blends rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA) was investigated. The interesterification activity of this biocatalyst at a water activity (aw) of 0.97 was similar to that of commercial immobilised lipases at aw values lower than 0.5. Thus, the biocatalyst was further used at an aw of 0.97. Response surface modelling of interesterification was carried out as a function of medium formulation, reaction temperature (55–75 °C) and time (30–120 min). Reaction media were blends of palm stearin (PS), palm kernel oil and triacylglycerols (TAG) rich in n‐3 PUFA (“EPAX 4510TG”; EPAX AS, Norway). The best results in terms of decrease in solid fat content were observed for longer reaction time (>80 min), lower temperature (55–65 °C), higher “EPAX 4510TG” content and lower PS concentration. Reactions at higher temperature led to final interesterified fat blends with lower free fatty acid contents. TAG with high equivalent carbon number (ECN) were consumed while acylglycerols of lower ECN were produced.
Functional and nutritional value of the Chilean seaweeds Codium fragile, Gracilaria chilensis and Macrocystis pyrifera
Authors: Ortiz Jaime , Uquiche Edgar , Robert Paz , Romero Nalda , Quitral Vilma , Llantén Catherine 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe nutritional composition of the edible seaweeds Codium fragile, Gracilaria chilensis and Macrocystis pyrifera was determined, including amino acid and fatty acid contents along with tocol and carotenoid contents. The results indicated that the three algae C. fragile, G. chilensis and M. pyrifera showed a high range of protein contents (13.7–10.8%), amino acid contents (1879.6–1417.7 mg/100 g dry algae) and a low content in lipids (0.7–15.0%). The most abundant fatty acids in C. fragile and G. chilensis were linolenic, oleic, and linoleic acid. δ‐Tocopherol and α‐tocopherol (677.8 and 453.5 µg/g lipid, respectively) were found in C. fragile, while in G. chilensis and M. pyrifera, γ‐tocotrienol and α‐tocopherol (263.5 and 1327.7 µg/g lipid, respectively) were found. In addition, in C. fragile and G. chilensis β‐carotene was the principal carotenoid found (197.9 and 113.7 µg/g dry algae, respectively) compared with M. pyrifera (17.4 µg/g dry algae). The composition of macronutrients (minerals, carbohydrate‐type dietetic fiber, proteins; low in lipids) and micronutrients (essential amino acids, PUFA of balanced n‐6/n‐3 proportion, β‐carotene and α‐tocopherol as source of vitamins A and E), corroborate the nutritional and biological potential of the studied algae, which constitute useful raw materials for the development of diets or ingredients for human and animal nutrition.
Triacylglycerol migration and bloom in filled chocolates: Effects of low‐temperature storage
Authors: Depypere Frédéric , De Clercq Nathalie , Segers Martien , Lewille Benny , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study investigated the effect of storage temperature on triacylglycerol (TAG) migration, visual fat bloom and taste of industrially produced milk chocolates with a hazelnut‐based filling. The chocolates were stored for up to 10 months at 18 °C, either directly after production or with the inclusion of a variable time at –20 or 4 °C immediately after production and prior to further storage at 18 °C. TAG migration from the filling through the chocolate shell was quantified by HPLC analysis of chocolate sampled from the chocolates' surface. Both [OOO/SOS] and [LOO/SOS] were used as markers for oil migration. Compared to storage at 18 °C only, chilling or freezing of the chocolates for part of the storage time was found to reduce the amount of TAG migration. Effects on diffusion, capillary transport and TAG immobilization during the thermal treatment can be raised as possible reasons for this decrease. Furthermore, storage at –20 °C decreased oil migration during subsequent storage at 18 °C. This suggests a crystallization effect during the storage at –20 °C, leading to permanent (micro)structural changes. Although a thermal treatment at 4 °C compared to –20 °C was less effective in retarding TAG migration, storage at low positive temperatures immediately after production appears already beneficial in the prevention of visual fat bloom. Adverse effects of the thermal treatments on the chocolates' taste were not observed.
Influence of shear flow on polymorphic behavior and microstructural development during palm oil crystallization
Authors: De Graef Veerle , Van Puyvelde Peter , Goderis Bart , Dewettinck Koen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe influence of shear on the crystallization of palm oil was studied at four different crystallization temperatures (18, 20, 22 and 25 °C). Time‐resolved X‐ray analyses were carried out to study the effect of continuous shear on the crystallization kinetics of the fat. Rheological measurements were used to assess the effect of a shear step on crystallization, and finally polarized light microscopy was used to follow changes in microstructure due to the applied initial shear step. It was shown that shear enhanced the primary crystallization, even when low shear rates were applied for a short period. Furthermore, a shear step prior to crystallization without shear has a marked influence on the microstructural development.
Complexation Behavior of a Supramolecular Organic Fluorophore Prepared by Solid‐State Co‐Grinding Crystallization Using 2‐Anthracenecarboxylic Acid and (R)‐1‐(2‐Naphthyl)ethylamine and Its Optical Properties
Authors: Imai Yoshitane , Murata Katuzo , Kawaguchi Kakuhiro , Harada Takunori , Nakano Yoko , Sato Tomohiro , Fujiki Michiya , Kuroda Reiko , Matsubara Yoshio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel crystalline supramolecular organic fluorophorehaving a 21‐helical columnar structure has been prepared by solid‐state co‐grinding crystallization using crystals of 2‐anthracenecarboxylic acid and (R)‐1‐(2‐naphthyl)ethylamine. Although many organic fluorophores lose their fluorescence in the solid state, this supramolecular organic fluorophore exhibits fluorescence even in the solid state.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Electrolyte systems for on‐line CE–MS: Detection requirements and separation possibilities
Authors: Pantůčková Pavla , Gebauer Petr , Boček Petr , Křivánková Ludmila 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn contemporary analytical practice, the on‐line CE–MS technique has established as a powerful separation and identification analytical tool. Its major instrumental aspects can be considered as solved and its routine use with specific applications to be implemented is the typical task at present. In that context, the chemical (wet, electrophoretic) part of the technique becomes very important as here the separation battle of the overall success of the developed method is fought. The review brings an overview of the electrolyte systems used in the CE part of the CE–MS technique together with a detailed insight into their pros and cons from the electrophoretist's viewpoint. Advanced electrophoretic approaches including sample stacking, ITP and use of non‐aqueous solvents are also discussed. An overview of the electrolyte systems used in over 200 selected applications is given, sorted according to the analytes of interest.
Recent developments in capillary EKC based on carbon nanoparticles
Authors: Moliner‐Martínez Yolanda , Cárdenas Soledad , Simonet Bartolome M. , Valcárcel Miguel 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper provides an overview of the use of carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as pseudo‐stationary phases (PSPs) in EKC. Specifically, it describes the characteristics and properties of the major types of CNPs used as PSPs in EKC separations, namely C60 fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and covalently modified carbon nanotubes. Based on such properties, a plausible mechanism for the interactions governing EKC separation with these materials is proposed. Also, the most salient uses of CNPs as PSPs are outlined. Finally, CNPs are compared in terms of performance with other well‐established types of nanostructures used to enhance selectivity in EKC over the past decade.
Neurotrophin 3/TrkC‐regulated proteins in the human medulloblastoma cell line DAOY
Authors: Gruber‐Olipitz Mariella , Ströbel Thomas , Kang Sung Ung , John Julius Paul Pradeep , Grotzer Michael A. , Slavc Irene , Lubec Gert 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMedulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant childhood brain tumor and high neurotrophin (NP) receptor TrkC mRNA expression was identified as a powerful independent predictor of favorable survival outcome. In order to determine downstream effector proteins of TrkC signaling, the MB cell line DAOY was stably transfected with a vector containing the full‐length TrkC cDNA sequence or an empty vector control. A proteomic approach was used to search for expressional changes by two mass spectrometric methods and immunoblotting for validation of significant results. Multiple time points for up to 48 h following NP‐3‐induced TrkC receptor activation were chosen. Thirteen proteins from several pathways (nucleoside diphosphate kinase A, stathmin, valosin‐containing protein, annexin A1, dihydropyrimidinase‐related protein‐3, DJ‐1 protein, glutathione S‐transferase P, lamin A/C, fascin, cofilin, vimentin, vinculin, and moesin) were differentially expressed and most have been shown to play a role in differentiation, migration, invasion, proliferation, apoptosis, drug resistance, or oncogenesis. Knowledge on effectors of TrkC signaling may represent a first useful step for the identification of marker candidates or reflecting probable pharmacological targets for specific treatment of MB.
Two‐dimensional phosphate‐affinity gel electrophoresis for the analysis of phosphoprotein isotypes
Authors: Kinoshita Eiji , Kinoshita‐Kikuta Emiko , Matsubara Mamoru , Aoki Yuri , Ohie Shiori , Mouri Yuka , Koike Tohru 
Published: January 2009

AbstractHerein, we describe three kinds of 2‐DE using phosphate‐affinity PAGE for the analysis of phosphoprotein isotypes. The first dimension is a urea‐PAGE, IEF/NEPHGE, or SDS‐PAGE, which are widely used. The second dimension is a phosphate‐affinity SDS‐PAGE using a phosphate‐binding tag molecule, Phos‐tag (Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE). The first 2‐D procedure coupling urea‐PAGE and Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE was applied to the separation of β‐casein phosphoisotypes. A typical protein sample containing multiple phosphoisotypes from β‐casein (with five phosphorylation sites) was prepared by partial dephosphorylation with alkaline phosphatase. The second procedure coupling IEF/NEPHGE and Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE was applied to the separations of phosphoisotypes of caseins and in vitro kinase reaction products of Tau. The third procedure coupling normal SDS‐PAGE and Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE was applied to the separation of A431 cell lysates before and after stimulation with an epidermal growth factor. This procedure followed by immunoblotting with anti‐mitogen‐activated protein kinase(MAPK) and anti‐Shc antibodies demonstrated the detection of phosphoisotypes in each protein isoform of MAPK1/2 (44 and 42 kDa) and Shc (66, 52, and 46 kDa) after the stimulation. By these novel 2‐D procedures, the separations of phosphoprotein isotypes should be improved relative to those by current gel electrophoresis methods, including 1‐D Mn2+–Phos‐tag SDS‐PAGE.
Recent advances in capillary and microfluidic platforms with MS detection for the analysis of phosphoproteins
Authors: Lazar Iulia M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractReversible protein phosphorylation represents a key regulatory mechanism that triggers essential cellular signaling events. The large‐scale characterization of protein phosphorylation in a cell represents, therefore, the objective of many biological studies that aim at elucidating the complex signaling pathways that are involved in the progression and/or regression of a disease. The recent implementation of novel MS detection strategies has significantly advanced the capabilities for interrogating the complex cellular phosphoproteome. Simultaneously, the current advent of miniaturized technologies has clearly demonstrated the superior performance of microfluidic instrumentation for bioanalytical and biological applications that cope with speed, sensitivity and throughput‐related demands. This review aims at providing an update on the latest developments regarding the interfacing of microfluidic devices with MS detection for exploring the challenging area of phosphoproteomics.
Recent advances in enhancing the sensitivity of electrophoresis and electrochromatography in capillaries and microchips (2006–2008)
Authors: Breadmore Michael C. , Thabano Jonathan R. E. , Dawod Mohamed , Kazarian Artaches A. , Quirino Joselito P. , Guijt Rosanne M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPoor sensitivity is still considered to be one of the major limitations of electrophoresis, which is surprising given the power, flexibility and versatility of many of the approaches to on‐line concentration that have developed over the last 20 years. This is still a very active area of interest and this review will cover developments in the field over the last two years since the last review (Electrophoresis 2007, 28, 254–281) through to June 2008. It includes developments in the fields of stacking, covering all methods from field‐amplified sample stacking and large volume sample stacking, through to ITP, dynamic pH junction and sweeping. Attention is also given to on‐line or in‐line extraction methods that have been used for electrophoresis.
18‐crown‐6 as a class I organic modifier in MEKC
Authors: Burks Raychelle M. , Hage David S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe use of 18‐crown‐6 as a class I organic modifier for SDS MEKC is described. Two positional isomer series, one neutral (nitrotoluenes) and one anionic (nitrophenols), are used to demonstrate different effects of 18‐crown‐6 on analyte retention in SDS MEKC.