bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Les ruptures des digues de protection : mécanismes et approche par scénarios
Authors: Tourment Rémy , Beullac Bruno 
Published: March 2024

Les ruptures de digues de protection contre les inondations (dont le résultat final est la brèche et l’inondation qui en résulte dans les zones protégées) sont le plus souvent la conséquence non pas d’un mécanisme de détérioration unique mais d’un enchaînement de mécanismes de détérioration dont certains peuvent, selon les conditions, se dérouler simultanément. L’identification de ces scénarios de défaillance est utile voire nécessaire pour atteindre différents objectifs : dans le cadre de la réalisation de diagnostic structurel, d’analyse du risque, d’étude de dangers, pour bien évaluer la performance de la digue ; dans le cas d’une rupture de digue ou d’une nécessité de confortement, pour adapter au mieux les travaux aux mécanismes ayant causé ou risquant de causer la rupture ; dans le cadre de la mise au point de méthodes d’évaluation des probabilités de rupture, pour être le plus conforme à la réalité des phénomènes et de leurs enchaînements. Les « modes de rupture » classiques (érosion externe, érosion interne, érosion par surverse, glissement, soulèvement hydraulique du pied aval…), qui sont encore souvent considérés dans les diagnostics de digues, sont baptisés du nom d’un seul mécanisme de détérioration, en général le mécanisme initiateur ou prépondérant de scénarios pouvant conduire à la rupture. Cette pratique laisse à penser qu’un seul mécanisme est à l’œuvre lors de la rupture d’une digue, ce qui amène souvent à des erreurs de diagnostic et/ou d’évaluation de performance lors d’études trop rapidement conduites. Par ailleurs, le fait de considérer les enchaînements possibles lors de la conception d’un ouvrage peut amener à une conception plus sûre et/ou dans certains cas, plus économique. Dans cette communication, les auteurs développent les bénéfices de l’utilisation d’une approche par scénarios de défaillance. Les apports issus de plusieurs sources bibliographiques françaises et internationales disponibles sur le sujet sont présentés, ainsi que plusieurs exemples de scénarios simples ou complexes. Une méthode basée sur l’analyse fonctionnelle pour l’identification des scénarios de défaillance possibles pour une digue donnée est exposée.
Management of fixed flexion contracture in primary total knee arthroplasty: recent systematic review
Authors: Sappey-Marinier Elliot , Fernandez Andréa , Shatrov Jobe , Batailler Cécile , Servien Elvire , Huten Denis , Lustig Sébastien 
Published: March 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to systematically review the literature and identify the surgical management strategy for fixed flexion contracture in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) surgery, pre-, intra-, and post-operatively. Secondary endpoints were etiologies and factors favoring flexion contracture. Materials and methods: Searches were carried out in November 2023 in several databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar) using the following keywords: “flexion contracture AND TKA”, “fixed flexion deformity AND TKA”, “posterior capsular release AND TKA”, “posterior capsulotomy in TKA”, “distal femoral resection AND TKA”. Study quality was assessed using the STROBE checklist and the Downs and Black score. Data concerning factors or strategies leading to the development or prevention of flexion contracture after TKA were extracted from the text, figures, and tables of the included references. The effect of each predictive factor on flexion contracture after TKA was recorded. Results: Thirty-one studies were identified to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These studies described a variety of preoperative and intraoperative factors that contribute to the development or correction of postoperative flexion contracture. The only clearly identified predictor of postoperative flexion contracture was preoperative flexion contracture. Intraoperative steps described to correct flexion contracture were: soft-tissue balancing (in posterior and medial compartments), distal femoral resection, flexion of the femoral component, and posterior condylar resection. However, no study has investigated these factors in a global model. Discussion: This review identified various pre-, intra-, and post-operative factors predictive of post-operative flexion contracture. In practice, these factors are likely to interact, and it is therefore crucial to further investigate them in a comprehensive model to develop an algorithm for the management of flexion contracture.
Level of evidence: IV
Predictors of Breastfeeding among Women Admitted with Severe Preeclampsia before 34 Weeks
Authors: Grundy Sara J. , Avram Carmen M. , Dillon Jacquelyn , Darling Alice , Zemtsov Gregory , Cate Jennifer JM , Wheeler Sarahn , Dotters-Katz Sarah K. 
Published: March 2024

Objective Patients with severe preeclampsia (sPREX) face barriers to successful breastfeeding (BF), including an increased risk of maternal and newborn complications, prematurity, and low birth weight. Patients with early-onset sPREX (before 34 weeks' gestation) may be at even greater risk, yet there are little data available on factors associated with BF challenges in this population. We describe rates of BF initiation at hospital discharge and BF continuation at postpartum (PP) visit and identify factors associated with BF noninitiation and BF cessation among patients admitted with early-onset sPREX.
Study Design Retrospective cohort study of women with sPREX admitted at less than 34 weeks' gestation to a single tertiary center (2013–2019). Demographic, antepartum, and delivery characteristics were evaluated. Factors associated with BF noninitiation at maternal discharge and with BF cessation at routine PP were assessed. Patients with intrauterine or neonatal demise and those missing BF data were excluded. Bivariate statistics were used to compare characteristics and Poisson regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR).
Results Of 255 patients with early-onset sPREX, 228 (89.4%) had BF initiation at maternal hospital discharge. Initiation of BF occurred less frequently among patients with tobacco use in pregnancy (7.5 vs. 37.0%, χ
2, p < 0.001, RR: 0.69 [95% confidence interval, CI: 0.52–0.92]). At 6 weeks' PP, 159 of 199 (79.9%) patients had BF continuation. Maternal age under 20 years (1.9 vs. 17.5%, χ
2, p = 0.01, RR: 0.36 [95% CI: 0.14–0.91]) and experiencing maternal morbidity (25.2 vs. 45.0%, χ
2, p = 0.01, RR: 0.80 [95% CI: 0.66–0.96]) were associated with BF cessation at the PP visit.
Conclusion Among patients with early sPREX, tobacco use in pregnancy was associated with noninitiation of BF at discharge, whereas young maternal age and maternal morbidity were associated with cessation of BF by routine PP visit. Further research is needed on how to support BF in this population, especially among patients with these associated factors.
Key Points
Morphometric Changes in Ventricular Indices in Chronic Alcoholic and Nonalcoholic Patients in Mangalore: A Prospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Dessai Apurva B. Gauns , Shetty Lathika , MM Jaseemudheen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Alcohol intake is increasing daily, affecting and damaging the brain in various ways. In the brain, it causes various degenerative changes, such as dilatations of the ventricles and atrophic changes, primarily seen in chronic alcoholic patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate ventricular indices in chronic alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients using computed tomography (CT).
Methods In this prospective case-control study, patients who had undergone noncontrast CT of the brain between the age of 30 and 60 years were grouped into chronic alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients. The patient's age was further grouped into 30 to 40, 41 to 50, and 51 to 60 years. This current study includes 86 male patients (43 chronic alcoholic patients and 43 nonalcoholic patients). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS software version 23. A p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Result A statistically significant difference was found in all ventricular indices between the chronic alcoholic and nonalcoholic patients, and it also inferred that ventricular index values were higher in chronic alcoholic patients than in nonalcoholic patients. A statistically significant difference was also found in all ventricular indices when compared between patients in each age group.
Conclusion In this study, ventricular dilatation was seen in chronic alcoholic patients, leading to brain atrophy. There was also evidence of a positive correlation between age and ventricular indices.
Crafting a framework: a Delphi method approach to formulating a maker literacy assessment model for primary school students in China
Authors: Min Baocui , Alam Faizan , Zhao Wei , Tao Jinhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe inclusion of Maker education is crucial in fostering innovative individuals. However, evaluating Maker activities in primary schools continues to be a difficult task. This study aimed to determine the fundamental components of Maker literacy among primary school students. The researchers constructed a thorough evaluation index system by doing a literature review, using coding techniques, determining the weights from YAAHP, and performing statistical analysis with SPSS. The Delphi technique enhanced the conceptual framework through consultation with sixteen experts. The emerging framework consists of three dimensions: Design Thinking, Technology Application and Materialized Practice, and Maker Spirit and Responsibility, each encompassing 12 subordinate aspects. These aspects subtly comprehend Maker literacy and act as indicators for comprehensive assessment systems in Chinese elementary schools. The study enhances our comprehension of children’s development in the field of Maker literacy by outlining its structure. This study provides vital insights into the assessment of Maker activities, which is a significant obstacle to the progress of Maker education. The findings of this study have practical consequences for those in the field of education, policymakers, and those involved in developing curricula. The aim is to promote the development of a generation of individuals capable of thinking innovatively and creating new ideas.
Microscopy of terahertz spoof surface plasmons propagating on planar metamaterial waveguides
Authors: Sulollari N. , Park S. J. , Salih M. , Rubino P. , Burnett A. D. , Li L. , Linfield E. H. , Davies A. G. , Cunningham J. E. , Dean P. 
Published: March 2024

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic waves that have attracted significant interest owing to their subwavelength confinement and the strong field enhancement that they provide. Yet in the terahertz (THz) frequency region of the spectrum, which is well below the plasma frequency of metals, these surface waves are characterized by extremely weak confinement that has severely limited their exploitation for information processing and sensing. One means to circumvent this limitation is through subwavelength structuring of a metallic surface, which can thereby be engineered to support the propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPPs) that closely mimic the properties of SPPs. In this work, we report the design and experimental characterization of an ultra-thin metamaterial planar waveguide that supports SSPPs at THz frequencies. Finite-element method simulations are shown to predict the excitation of SSPPs on the surface of our devices under free-space illumination at 3.45 THz. We investigate these structures experimentally using THz scattering-type scanning near-field microscopy (THz-s-SNOM) to map directly the out-of-plane electric field associated with the propagation of SSPPs on the surface of the waveguides. Our work paves the way for the future development of plasmonic integrated circuit technologies and components operating in the THz frequency band.
State-of-the-art silicon carbide diode dosimeters for ultra-high dose-per-pulse radiation at FLASH radiotherapy
Authors: Fleta Celeste , Pellegrini Giulio , Godignon Philippe , Rodríguez Faustino Gómez , Paz-Martín José , Kranzer Rafael , Schüller Andreas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. The successful implementation of FLASH radiotherapy in clinical settings, with typical dose rates >40 Gy s−1, requires accurate real-time dosimetry. Approach. Silicon carbide (SiC) p–n diode dosimeters designed for the stringent requirements of FLASH radiotherapy have been fabricated and characterized in an ultra-high pulse dose rate electron beam. The circular SiC PiN diodes were fabricated at IMB-CNM (CSIC) in 3 μm epitaxial 4H-SiC. Their characterization was performed in PTB’s ultra-high pulse dose rate reference electron beam. The SiC diode was operated without external bias voltage. The linearity of the diode response was investigated up to doses per pulse (DPP) of 11 Gy and pulse durations ranging from 3 to 0.5 μs. Percentage depth dose measurements were performed in ultra-high dose per pulse conditions. The effect of the total accumulated dose of 20 MeV electrons in the SiC diode sensitivity was evaluated. The temperature dependence of the response of the SiC diode was measured in the range 19 °C–38 °C. The temporal response of the diode was compared to the time-resolved beam current during each electron beam pulse. A diamond prototype detector (flashDiamond) and Alanine measurements were used for reference dosimetry. Main results. The SiC diode response was independent both of DPP and of pulse dose rate up to at least 11 Gy per pulse and 4 MGy s−1, respectively, with tolerable deviation for relative dosimetry (<3%). When measuring the percentage depth dose under ultra-high dose rate conditions, the SiC diode performed comparably well to the reference flashDiamond. The sensitivity reduction after 100 kGy accumulated dose was <2%. The SiC diode was able to follow the temporal structure of the 20 MeV electron beam even for irregular pulse estructures. The measured temperature coefficient was (–0.079 ± 0.005)%/°C. Significance. The results of this study demonstrate for the first time the suitability of silicon carbide diodes for relative dosimetry in ultra-high dose rate pulsed electron beams up to a DPP of 11 Gy per pulse.
Photoplethysmography based atrial fibrillation detection: a continually growing field
Authors: Ding Cheng , Xiao Ran , Wang Weijia , Holdsworth Elizabeth , Hu Xiao 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia associated with significant health ramifications, including an elevated susceptibility to ischemic stroke, heart disease, and heightened mortality. Photoplethysmography (PPG) has emerged as a promising technology for continuous AF monitoring for its cost-effectiveness and widespread integration into wearable devices. Our team previously conducted an exhaustive review on PPG-based AF detection before June 2019. However, since then, more advanced technologies have emerged in this field. Approach. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in PPG-based AF detection, utilizing digital health and artificial intelligence (AI) solutions, within the timeframe spanning from July 2019 to December 2022. Through extensive exploration of scientific databases, we have identified 57 pertinent studies. Significance. Our comprehensive review encompasses an in-depth assessment of the statistical methodologies, traditional machine learning techniques, and deep learning approaches employed in these studies. In addition, we address the challenges encountered in the domain of PPG-based AF detection. Furthermore, we maintain a dedicated website to curate the latest research in this area, with regular updates on a regular basis.
Gravito-diamagnetic forces for mass independent large spatial superpositions
Authors: Zhou Run , Marshman Ryan J , Bose Sougato , Mazumdar Anupam 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Creating a massive spatial quantum superposition, such as the Schrödinger cat state, where the mass and the superposition size within the range 10−19 − 10−14 kg and Δx ∼ 10 nm − 100 μm, is a challenging task. The methods employed so far rely either on wavepacket expansion or on a quantum ancilla, e.g. single spin dependent forces, which scale inversely with mass. In this paper, we present a novel approach that combines gravitational acceleration and diamagnetic repulsion to generate a large spatial superposition in a relatively short time. After first creating a modest initial spatial superposition of 1 μm, achieved through techniques such as the Stern–Gerlach (SG) apparatus, we will show that we can achieve an ∼102−103 fold improvement to the spatial superposition size (1 μm → 980 μm) between the wave packets in less than 0.02 s by using the Earth’s gravitational acceleration and then the diamagnetic repulsive scattering of the nanocrystal, neither of which depend on the object mass. Finally, the wave packet trajectories can be closed so that spatial interference fringes can be observed. Our findings highlight the potential of combining gravitational acceleration and diamagnetic repulsion to create and manipulate large spatial superpositions, offering new insights into creating macroscopic quantum superpositions.
Piezoelectric characteristics of doped β-Ga2O3 monolayer: a first-principles study
Authors: Xie Ya-Peng , Fu Si-Lie , Lin-Han Wang , Gan Geng-Run , Gao Xue-Lian , Wang Chun-An , Chen Yu-Lin , Chen Jia-Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials have been widely concerned because of their important applications in nano-piezoelectric generators. Finding two-dimensional materials with large piezoelectric effects is still a great challenge. In this work, the inversion center of the β-Ga2O3 monolayer was broken by substitutional doping. Not only the in-plane piezoelectric effect but also the uncommon out-of-plane piezoelectric effect is induced in the doped β-Ga2O3 monolayer. In addition, we analyzed the cause of the piezoelectric effects from their electronic properties. The values of out-of-plane (in-plane) piezoelectric coefficient for Cu-doped and Al-doped β-Ga2O3 reach −4.04 (3.95) pm/V and −2.91 (0.37) pm/V, respectively. The results are comparable with those of the commonly used bulk piezoelectric materials such as α-quartz (d11 = 2.3 pm V−1), AlN (d33 = 5.1 pm V−1), and GaN (d33 = 3.1 pm V−1), even though they are both two-dimensional structures. Our study shows a great potential application of doped β-Ga2O3 monolayer in micro and nano-electromechanical devices such as smart wearables, sensors, energy converters, and micro energy collectors.
Fuzzy dark matter dynamics in tidally perturbed dwarf spheroidal galaxy satellites
Authors: Widmark Axel , Yavetz Tomer D. , Li Xinyu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Fuzzy dark matter (FDM) has dynamical properties that differ significantly from cold dark matter (CDM).
These dynamical differences are strongly manifested on the spatial scale of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs), which roughly corresponds to the de Broglie wavelength of a canonical mass FDM particle.
We study simulations of a dSph satellite which is tidally perturbed by its host galaxy, in order to identify dynamical signatures that are unique to FDM, and to quantify the imprints of such perturbations on an observable stellar tracer population.
We find that a perturbed FDM soliton develops a long-standing breathing mode, whereas for CDM such a breathing mode quickly phase-mixes and disappears. We also demonstrate that such signatures become imprinted on the dynamics of a stellar tracer population, making them observable with sufficiently precise astrometric measurements.
Dynamic characteristics of edge plasma profiles during the opening of edge islands on the J-TEXT tokamak
Authors: Yang J. , Liang Y. , Shi P. , Wang N.C. , Zhou S. , Chen Z.P. , Jiang Z.H. , Mao F.Y. , Yang Q.H. , Hua J.K. , Li D. , Chen Z.Y. , Ding Y.H. , Drews P. , Knieps A. , Wang E. , Xu S. , Xiang H.M. , Cai J.Q. , Huang J. , Gao Y.C. , Liu J.W. , Luo Y. , Liao L. ,   the J-TEXT team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
On the J-TEXT tokamak, the dynamics of edge magnetic topology during the opening of the edge magnetic islands induced by the external Resonant Magnetic Perturbation (RMP) are investigated. The edge island chain is pushed outward by increasing plasma toroidal current to intersect the poloidally and toroidally localized divertor plate, forming an open magnetic island in the Scrape-Off Layer (SOL). The location of the strike points on the divertor plate predicted by the HINT code is in agreement with the experimental observations. The influence of the magnetic topology on edge plasma profiles has also been investigated using Langmuir probes. The properties of edge

T

e

,

n

e

,

P

e

and

E

r

profiles are studied as function of three magnetic structures in

q

a

-dependence experiments and two magnetic structures in RMP configuration-dependence experiments. Some common features are observed. Inside the edge closed and SOL remnant islands, flat

P

e

but non-flat

T

e

and

n

e

profiles are detected. When transitioning from the edge closed island to the partially open island with remnant island, the local flat

P

e

profile is shifted outward accompanied by a narrower flattened

P

e

region. The steep slopes of

T

e

,

n

e

and

P

e

are measured in the SOL regions characterized by a long connection length

L

c

, and the longer

L

c

, the steeper slopes.

E

r

exhibits a negative well inside the remnant island with infinite

L

c

and in the SOL regions where

L

c

significantly exceeds than the electron mean free path

λ

e

, but develops a positive value in the SOL regions where

L

c

is relatively short.
Effects on growth mindset development of a teaching/learning sequence on surface phenomena
Authors: Termini G , Battaglia O R , Fazio C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper we discuss some aspects of the design of a teaching/learning sequence (TLS) on surface phenomena for high school students, inspired by the ideas proposed by inquiry and investigative based learning approaches. A good understanding of surface phenomena is relevant in Physics and other scientific and technical fields. This, and the acknowledgement that traditional teaching methods used to introduce the basic concepts related to this topic have often proved to be not very effective in captivating students’ interest and in favoring authentic understanding of the related physical content drove us in choosing this physics topic. Furthermore, some considerations on a case study on the efficacy of the TLS on the development of a growth mindset are reported.
Towards an Early Physics approach for secondary students
Authors: Bologna V , Longo F , Peressi M , Sorzio P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Some traditional approaches to teaching Physics at the secondary level of instruction have disclosed their limits, especially in distance learning. A consequence of such limits seems to be a somewhat diffused lack of students’ scientific abilities, mainly caused by their learning difficulties. To overcome the shortcoming of tradition, we stimulated some teachers to get involved in a new teaching approach to develop their awareness of these limits and difficulties and exploit their PCK (Pedagogical Content Knowledge). This approach explores and intercepts the main learning features and needs in the first years of Physics studies. For that reason and the analogy in Math Education, we named it Early Physics.