bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathogen-Epithelium Interactions and Inflammatory Responses in Salmonella Dublin Infections through Bovine Ileal Monolayer Models Derived from Adult Organoids
Authors: Kawasaki Minae , McConnel Craig S. , Burbick Claire R. , Ambrosini Yoko M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin (S. Dublin) is an important enteric pathogen affecting cattle and poses increasing public health risks. Understanding the pathophysiology and host-pathogen interactions of S. Dublin infection is critical for developing effective control strategies, yet studies are hindered by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro models. This study aimed to generate a robust bovine monolayer derived from adult ileal organoids, validate its feasibility as an in vitro infection model with S. Dublin, and evaluate the epithelial response to infection. A stable, confluent monolayer with a functional epithelial barrier was established under optimized culture conditions. The model's applicability for studying S. Dublin infection was confirmed by documenting intracellular bacterial invasion and replication and the resultant impacts on epithelial integrity, showing significant disruption of the monolayer, and a specific inflammatory response, providing insights into the pathogen-epithelium interactions. The study underscores the utility of organoid-derived monolayers in advancing our understanding of enteric infections in livestock and highlights implications for therapeutic strategy development and preventive measures, with potential applications extending to both veterinary and human medicine. The established bovine ileal monolayer offers a novel and physiologically relevant in vitro platform for investigating enteric pathogen-host interactions, particularly for pathogens like S. Dublin.
Population dynamics of Malassezia species on the skin of HIV-infected patients
Authors: Abdillah Abdourahim , RAVAUX Isabelle , MOKHTARI Saadia , Ranque Stephane 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Malassezia species are lipid-dependent yeasts of the normal skin mycobiota in humans and some animals, which can cause skin infections. Yet, both the dynamic of Malassezia skin colonization and the associated fungal and bacterial skin microbiome remain unknown in HIV-infected patients. The purpose of this study was to compare Malassezia yeast community structure and associated microbiome on the healthy skin of HIV-infected patients and healthy controls. A total of 23 HIV-infected patients and 10 healthy controls were included and followed-up for a maximum of 5 visits over 10 to 17 months. At each visit, chest, face, nasolabial fold, and scalp skin samples were subjected to both culture and MALDI-TOF MS identification, and ITS/16S metabarcoding. The participants were categorized according to their Malassezia colony forming unit (CFU) abundance. Malassezia were cultured from each participant at each visit. HIV-infected patients were highly colonized on all visits with CFU > 100. M. sympodialis and M. globosa were the most dominant species overall. M. furfur and M. dermatis were more prevalent in HIV-infected than in healthy participants. M. sympodialis prevalence was stable at each sampling sites over time. M. furfur prevalence was stable and more abundant over time on HIV-infected patients’ chest. Although not statistically significant, the metagenomic analysis showed a higher fungal and bacterial diversity and an increased abundance of Cladosporium halotolerans and Streptococcus in HIV-infected patients than in controls. Our data showed a high skin colonization of Malassezia yeasts as well as a dysbiosis of both fungal and bacterial communities in HIV-infected patients.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Depression among Resettled Older Bhutanese Adults in Ohio: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Karmacharya Isha , Chapadia Bunsi , Shrestha Aman , Subedi Janardan , Yadav Uday Narayan , Mistry Sabuj Kanti , Ghimire Saruna 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
There has been growing attention given to the mental health challenges faced by older adult populations, particularly among resettled refugee communities. Among these groups, the prevalence of depressive symptoms often remains high due to a multitude of factors associated with displacement, trauma, and acculturation stress. Since 2008, Bhutanese refugees have been resettled in the USA, making them one of the largest refugees in the country. However, mental health issues often remain obscured for this demographic, as they are typically subsumed within largely heterogeneous Asian populations. This study aimed to determine depression symptoms in resettled older Bhutanese adults and analyze the associated factors. Snowball sampling was used to collect data from 276 55+-year-old adults in Ohio from January to June 2022. The questionnaire covered demographics, lifestyle, social support, life satisfaction, chronic disease, and depression. Binary logistic regression assessed the associations between variables and depressive symptoms. Approximately one-third (31.8%) of the participants had depressive symptoms. Factors associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms included better self-reported health, strong social support, life satisfaction, and high resilience. Individuals with chronic diseases were more likely to have depressive symptoms. The high percentage of depressive symptoms among resettled older Bhutanese adults emphasizes the need for a supportive environment in the host country, ensuring access to resources, and comprehensive and tailored interventions to address their mental health needs.
Investigate release of DOX drug in electrospun DOX@SiO2/PVA nanofiber
Authors: Naseri Roghayeh Soltani , Hamidinezhad Habib , Sazegar Mohammad Reza , Behjati Mohaddeseh 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Electrospinning nanofibers (NFs) are an operational release system for drugs due to the high specific surface area. In this study, doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is added to a mixture of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS, Si (OC2H5)), hydrochloric acid (HCL), ethanol (C2H5OH), DOX, and distilled water during the formation of SiO2 using the sol-gel approach. The obtained DOX@SiO2 nanoparticles are then added into a 7% (wt) solution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in water before electrospinning process. The prepared solution is delivered into the syringe for electrospinning. The morphology and structure of the fibers was studied by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the occurrence of DOX attachment. Continual DOX release with three concentrations and in three types of pH was evaluated for several days. Finally, the results showed that drug release of nanofiber at pH = 5.4 compared to the other two pHs at the period of 540 hours has an approximate efficiency of 80%, 60% and 30% for a concentration of 2 ,1 and 0.5 ml, respectively. This method has high drug loading capacity and sustained release and therefore it could be considered as a suitable strategy for drug delivery systems.
The Interrater Reliability of the Swedish version of the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders, Module I and Module II for diagnosing personality disorders among adults referred to specialized psychiatric care – a pilot study
Authors: Steijer Sophie , Steingrimsson Steinn , Meyerson Niklas , Sand Peter 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
There is an ongoing debate on which model for diagnosing personality disorders is optimal, with the DSM-5 Alternative Model for Personality Disorders being one of the most prominent. The structured interview has been tested and translated to several languages, however, not to Swedish.
Objectives
To obtain an understanding of a Swedish translation of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 Alternative Model Personality Disorders Module I and Module II (SCID-5-AMPD) for treatment seeking persons with suspected personality pathology including reliability and patient satisfaction in a Swedish clinical context.
Methods
This study of 38 outpatients with suspected personality disorder studied the interrater reliability (Intraclass correlation (ICC)), estimates of Cronbach’s alpha values and patient satisfaction (Likert scale 0–6) in a clinical setting.
Results
The main results were that ICC ranged between 0.1 and 0.56 for the domain scales of Module I and II, whereas the estimate of scale reliability (α) ranged 0.25–0.85. Patient satisfaction showed that 37 out of 38 participants, on average or higher, found that the interview captured their problems.
Conclusion
Considering the low ICC, the study suggests the potential applicability of the SCID-5-AMPD model in a Swedish context is uncertain. We remain somewhat skeptical about its substantial benefits compared to clinical practice without this tool. Caution is advised when interpreting interrater reliability and consistency in clinical settings. Further research is necessary to thoroughly assess its efficacy.
Utility of ITS and rbcL Sequences for Resolving Intraspecific Divergence in Saccharum spontaneum L
Authors: Rajesh Ramasamy , Selvavinayagam Karuppaiah Thirumalainayagam , Dharmar Koilpillai 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Saccharum spontaneum L., commonly known as wild sugarcane or kans grass, is a close wild relative of sugarcane, representing the majority of terrestrial environments from the open ground to the shoreline. Due to its diverse applications as food, fodder, food ingredients, medicine, household products, pulp material, and even religious offerings, understanding the genetic relationships among populations is crucial. The present study attempted to understand the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships of six field samples and two commercial samples from the chosen population of S. spontaneum in Tamil Nadu. The genomic material was extracted and amplified using nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (nrDNA-ITS) and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large subunit (rbcL) sequences and compared with those obtained from the NCBI database. The evolutionary history was inferred using MEGA11 software. The results showed that the presence of highly conserved sites in the rbcL region led to a close phylogenetic relationship falling under a common clade, which could be useful for molecular identification of this species. On the other hand, ITS markers were found to be useful for determining the phylogeny of S. spontaneum via both phenetic and cladistic approaches. The ITS region in this wild sugarcane has better discrimination ability despite the highly conserved sites with few rapidly evolving sites. Four of the collected specimens showed a close relationship, along with two commercial specimens, suggesting shared adaptations or a common geographic origin. Additionally, two other populations were found to have diverged from the rest of the specimens, exhibiting low genetic distance, indicating recent evolutionary divergence.
Inferior Vena Cava-Aortic Ratio Measurement as A Promising Modality in Assessing Intravascular Volume in Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury Among Children in Limited Resources
Authors: Hakim Dzulfikar Djalil , Widiasta Ahmedz , Sari Chindy Arya , Martiano Muhamad Rinaldhi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Introduction:
Hemodynamic monitoring is crucial for the comprehensive management of children with sepsis, particularly those involving the kidneys. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (S-AKI) is closely linked to patient outcomes, including an increased risk of end-stage kidney disorders, cardiovascular disorders, and death. In developing countries, due to the limited availability of USCOM, an invasive method such as central venous pressure (CVP) monitoring is needed to monitor intravascular volume, which has a high potential for complications and is costly. We conducted research to determine intravascular volume based on ultrasound examination in S-AKI patients.
Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted between December 2023 and March 2024 in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. We divided the patients into two groups: those with sepsis and those with sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. The intravascular volume was measured by the IVC/Ao (Inferior vena cava/Abdominal aorta) ratio using two-dimensional ultrasonography and USCOM before and 24 hours after fluid treatment. The results were then analyzed using SPSS 25, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results
A total of 36 pediatric patients (aged between 1 month and 18 years) with sepsis were included in this study. The IVC/Ao ratio before and after the fluid intervention demonstrated significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001). USCOM's CI before and after the intervention also showed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.001). Patients with S-AKI exhibited a poor hemodynamic response in the IVC/Ao ratio two-dimensional ultrasonography and USCOM examination.
Conclusion
The IVC/Ao ratio can serve as an alternative for hemodynamic monitoring in facilities with limited resources.
Analytical solution for heave of underlying shield tunnel caused by adjacent tunnelling considering shear deformation
Authors: Wei Zheng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Excavating a shield tunnel may cause a series of unforeseen adverse impacts on the adjacent underlying in-service tunnels. Therefore, it is significant to reasonably evaluate the influence of the newly excavated tunnel on the existing underlying shield tunnel to ensure safety and applicability of the existing tunnels. In this study, a simplified analytical solution is proposed to rapidly evaluate the responses of an existing underlying tunnel caused by newly tunnel construction. An elastic Timoshenko beam model, considering the shearing deformation of the existing shield tunnel as well as the interaction between adjacent segments, is presented for evaluating the responses of underlying shield tunnel associated with the tunnelling-induced free ground settlement. An equilibrium differential equation, combined with the finite difference analysis, is derived for the responses of the underlying in-service tunnel. The adaptability and reliability of proposed analytical solution is verified in comparison with published measurements. The predicted values were compared with the calculation results of different foundation coefficients. Parametric analyses are showed to evaluate the effects of various factors on the responses of underlying in-service tunnel, including the skew angle, equivalent shear stiffness and bending stiffness of underlying existing tunnel.
Analysis of risk factors related to assisted reproduction and assisted pregnancy outcomes in infertile men
Authors: Wang Ke , Xu Yan , Qin Ningxin , Zheng Jinxia , Guo Yi , Bai Jie , Yang Ya'nan , Li Zheyuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective This study investigated the risk factors of assisted pregnancy outcomes in infertile men receiving assisted reproductive treatment and established a risk prediction model.
Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 1037 infertile men who underwent ICSI-ET assisted pregnancy at the Reproductive Medicine Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University from March 2023 to September 2023, and the clinical information of 403 gestation cycles (study group) and 634 non-gestation cycles (control group) were compared. Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of assisted pregnancy outcomes in infertile men. The R software was used to draw the histogram and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve.
Results Single factor results showed that there were differences between the two groups in age, BMI, smoking, drinking, drinking tea, daily sleep time, daily exercise time, anxiety, depression, stress, insomnia, forward motile sperm rate, inactive sperm rate, sperm DNA fragmentation index, sperm survival rate, chlamydia infection and other 16 factors (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression showed that age, BMI, smoking, drinking, daily sleep time, daily exercise time, anxiety, depression, insomnia, forward motility sperm rate, sperm DNA fragmentation index and sperm survival rate were independent risk factors for assisted pregnancy outcome of infertile men (P < 0.05). The nomogram and the area under ROC curve show that the risk prediction model has good performance.
Conclusion The assisted pregnancy outcome of male infertile patients is affected by many factors, and the medical staff can make a predictive plan according to the predicted results.
Methylprednisolone modulates the TFR/TFH balance in EAE neuroinflammation through the PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways
Authors: Wu Nan , Zhao Yun , Xiao Minjun , Liu Hui , Chen Hongliang , Liu Bin , Wang Xuezhen , Fan Xueli 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Methylprednisolone (MP) is a potent glucocorticoid, which can effectively inhibit immune system inflammation and brain tissue damage in MS patients. T Follicular helper (Tfh) cells are a subpopulation of activated CD4 + T cells, while T Follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, a novel subset of Treg cells, possess specialized abilities to suppress the Tfh-GC response and inhibit antibody production. Dysregulation of either Tfh or Tfr cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of MS. However, the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of MP therapy on experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a representative model for MS, remains unclear.
Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the effects of MP treatment on EAE and elucidate its possible molecular mechanisms.
Method
We evaluated the effects of MP on disease progression, CNS inflammatory infiltration and myelination, microglia and astrocyte activation, as well as Tfr/Tfh differentiation and related molecules/inflammatory factors in EAE. Additionally, western blotting was used to assess protein abundance associated with the PI3K/AKT pathway.
Results
Our findings demonstrated MP treatment ameliorated clinical symptoms, inflammatory cell infiltration, and myelination. Furthermore, it reduced microglia and astrocyte activation. MP up-regulated the differentiation of Tfr cells and cytokine TGF-β1, while downregulating Tfh cells differentiation and cytokine IL-21, as well as regulating the imbalanced Tfr/Tfh ratio in EAE. The PI3K/AKT/FoxO1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were found to be involved in EAE development; however, MP treatment inhibited their activation.
Conclusion
MP demonstrated the ability to reduce neuroinflammation in EAE by regulating the balance between Tfr/Tfh cells via inhibition of the PI3K/ AKT/FoxO1 and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Development and validation of prechiasmatic mouse model of subarachnoid hemorrhage to measure long-term neurobehavioral impairment
Authors: Diwan Deepti , Mehla Jogender , Nelson James W. , Zipfel Gregory J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Controllable and reproducible animal models of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) are crucial for the systematic study of the pathophysiology and treatment of this debilitating condition. Despite the variety of animal models of SAH currently available, attempts to translate promising therapeutic strategies from preclinical studies to humans have largely failed. This failure is likely due, at least in part, to poor replication of pathology and disabilities in these preclinical models, especially the long-term neurocognitive deficits that drive poor quality of life / return to work in SAH survivors. Therefore, there is an unmet need to develop experimental models that reliably replicate the long-term clinical ramifications of SAH – especially in mice where genetic manipulations are straightforward and readily available. To address this need, we developed a standardized mouse model of SAH that reproducibly produced significant and trackable long-term neurobehavioral deficits. SAH was induced by performing double blood injections into the prechiasmatic cistern – a simple modification to the well-characterized single prechiasmatic injection mouse model of SAH. Following SAH, mice recapitulated key characteristics of SAH patients including long-term cognitive impairment as observed by a battery of behavioral testing and delayed pathophysiologic processes assayed by neuroinflammatory markers. We believe that this new SAH mouse model will be an ideal paradigm for investigating the complex pathophysiology of SAH and identifying novel druggable therapeutic targets for treating SAH-associated long-term neurocognitive deficits in patients.
A theoretical study on mechanism and kinetics of the reaction between para-aminotoluene and OH radical
Authors: Pham Tien V. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

We conducted an ab initio exploration of the potential energy landscape for the para-aminotoluene reaction with OH, employing the CCSD(T)//M06-2X/6-311 + + G(3df,2p) level of theory. Additionally, thermal rate constants and branching ratios spanning the 300–2000 K temperature range were calculated. These calculations relied on the CCSD(T) energies and the M06-2X structures of the involved species, utilizing statistical theoretical TST and RRKM master equation computations. The calculated results reveal that the reaction channel para-aminotoluene + OH → NH-C6H4-CH3 + H2O prevails under the 300–2000 K temperature range, with the branching ratio in the range of 41%- 72% at P = 760 Torr. The overall second-order rate constants of the titled reaction obtained at the pressure 760 Torr (N2) can be illustrated by the modified Arrhenius expression of k_total(T) = 2.04×10− 18 T2.07 exp[(11.2 kJ.mol− 1)/RT]. The total rate constant at the ambient conditions in this work, 2.16×10− 11 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1, is about one order of magnitude larger than those for the toluene reaction with OH at the same conditions measured by Davis et al. (6.11 ± 0.4×10− 12 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1), Doyle et al. (4.15 ± 1.49×10− 12 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1), Hansen et al. (5.78 ± 0.58×10− 12 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1), Tully et al. (6.36 ± 0.69×10− 12 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1), Knispel et al. (7.0 ± 0.41×10− 12 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1) or calculated by Zhang et al. (5.69×10− 12 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1). However, the value 2.16×10− 11 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1 is smaller than those of the aniline + OH reaction measured by Atkinson and co-workers (1.18 ± 0.11×10− 10 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1), Rinke et al. (1.20 ± 0.24×10− 10 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1), and Witte et al. (1.23×10− 10 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1) or calculated by Abdel-Rahman et al. (4.4×10− 10 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1) and Mai et al. (1.3×10− 10 cm3 molecule− 1 s− 1). This study provides a thorough comprehension of the mechanisms and kinetics associated with the interaction between para-aminotoluene and OH radical.
Assessment of Rational Medication Utilization in a Multi-specialty Hospital in Chennai: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajan Rachlyn. r. , Sahay Melina. I. , George Melvin , Sr D. K. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Rational use of medicines (RUM) ensures patients receive appropriate medications at the right dose, frequency, and duration. This study evaluated RUM in hospitalized adults at a multi-specialty hospital in Chennai, India. An inpatient cohort was screened for RUM compliance. Patient demographics, medical history, medications, and laboratory data were collected. Medications were assessed for rationality using standard guidelines and WHO prescribing core indicators. Gastrointestinal medications were the most irrationally prescribed, followed by antimicrobials and CNS agents. The most common irrationalities were drug use without proper indication, wrong drug selection, and incorrect dosing frequency. Polypharmacy and fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) negatively impacted prescription rationality. WHO core indicators revealed an average of 7 medications per prescription, exceeding the optimal range. This study identified a high prevalence of irrational medication use, particularly in the gastrointestinal category. Polypharmacy and FDCs contributed to these issues. Regular prescription audits and improved patient interactions are essential to promote RUM in hospital settings.