bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Farm resilience to climatic risk. A review
Authors: Pret Valentin , Falconnier Gatien N. , Affholder François , Corbeels Marc , Chikowo Regis , Descheemaeker Katrien 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Increasing our understanding of farm resilience drivers to climate-related risks is critical for designing innovative farm systems, especially for smallholders that are highly vulnerable to climatic hazards and expected to follow a pathway toward sustainable development. However, the literature is fragmented on the concepts and methods to measure farm resilience. Moreover, quantitative assessments of options to enhance farm resilience to climate risks are scarce. Resilience can be defined as the ability of a system to recover, reorganize and evolve following external stresses and disturbances. Such definition can be applied to farm systems. In this study, we systematically reviewed how changes in resilience-enhancing attributes (reserves, openness, modularity, tightness of feedbacks and diversity) impacted farm performance and resilience to climate-related risks, with a specific attention to smallholder farms. Our analysis showed that reviewed studies assessed farm resilience using the agricultural and economic dimensions of performance, often excluding the socio-environmental dimensions. To assess performance, the average value of indicators was most commonly employed, sometimes combined with variability metrics or the probability of exceeding a critical threshold. Improving one resilience attribute increased one dimension of farm performance for a given metric in most of the studies, but some studies showed the opposite effect. The lack of comprehensive assessments exploring different attributes and their impact on several dimensions of performance using diverse metrics prevents a robust conclusion on how to improve farm resilience to climate-related risks. Therefore, we recommend to pay more attention to quantitative assessments of farm resilience, including a systematic investigation of the temporal variability of performance and the socio-environmental dimensions of performance. Finally, we emphasize the need to focus on the recovery of smallholder farms after a disturbance, with the goal of achieving growth in farm performance rather than simply reverting to their current state of food insecurity and poverty.
Understanding Zinc-Containing Species in BOS Dust
Authors: Longbottom Raymond J. , Pinson David J. , Chew Sheng J. , Monaghan Brian J. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Dust from basic oxygen steelmaking (BOS) can be recycled back to the BOS vessel as iron units and to aid slag formation. The major limitations for its recycling are zinc and the uncertainty in zinc speciation of the dust, which affects the amount recycled. BOS dust in stockpiles can undergo self-sintering reactions that oxidize the iron-bearing components. As this occurs, zinc (or oxide) may combine with iron oxides to form a zinc-iron spinel solid solution phase. Knowing which zinc-bearing species are present in the BOS dust is a key aspect in understanding and developing an efficient recycling process for the dust. High end characterization tools, TEM and Mössbauer spectroscopy, were used to overcome difficulties associated with phase identification in the BOS dust, particularly the magnetite-zinc ferrite spinel solid solution. Such an approach allowed improved phase identification of key zinc- and iron-bearing phases that were not previously resolvable. The zinc in fresh BOS dust was mostly present as extremely fine separate particles of zinc oxide, attached to the iron particles. These extremely fine particles were < 10 nm in size. Additionally, a small amount of zinc ferrite was also identified within the sample (most likely contained within a magnetite-zinc ferrite spinel solid solution). However, the zinc in the self-sintered BOS dust was found to be present entirely in a magnetite-zinc ferrite spinel solid solution using Mössbauer spectroscopy. While this spinel phase had been previously identified by XRD, it had not been clear if it contained zinc.

Graphical Abstract
The Effect of Endometrial Polyp and Myoma Uteri on Fertility-Related Genes in the Endometrium
Authors: Özbey Gürkan , Tuncay Görkem , Düz Senem Arda , Çiğremiş Yılmaz , Karaer Abdullah 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Endometrial polyps are hyperplastic overgrowths of the endometrium that contain both glands and stroma. Myoma uteri is the most common benign tumor of the female pelvis and uterus. HOXA10, which is involved during the organogenesis of the uterus in the embryonic period. The aim of this study was to compare the expression levels of infertility-related genes in endometrial tissue obtained from patients with endometrial polyp and myoma uteri and from healthy controls. A total of 36 patients, including 15 women with endometrial polyp and 21 women with myoma uteri, and 23 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All patients were evaluated using transvaginal ultrasonography. Endometrial tissue samples were collected from the patient and control groups between the 19th and 21st days of the menstrual cycle. Expression levels of the receptivity markers PROK1, PROKR1, PROK2, PROKR2 and HOXA10 genes were determined by RT- PCR. When the patients diagnosed with endometrial polyp and the healthy controls were compared, it was observed statistically significantly that the expression of PROKR1 increased in endometrium tissue of patients with endometrial polyp (p < 0.05). In patients diagnosed with myoma uteri, gene expression levels of endometrial PROKR1 was statistically significant increased and gene expression levels of PROK1, PROKR2, HOXA10 were found to be statistically significantly decreased compared to the controls (p < 0.05). Changes in the endometrial expression of the HOXA10 and prokineticin gene family in patients with myoma uteri and endometrial polyps may explain certain aspects of infertility in these patients.
Pragmatic Clinical Research, Informed Consent, and Clinical Equipoise
Authors: Jansen Lynn A. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThere is a growing movement within contemporary medical ethics to blur the boundaries between clinical medicine and clinical research. Some writers now argue that the research-practice distinction is outdated and the importance of distinguishing between research and medicine is no longer as pressing as it once was or seemed to be. Instead, we are now urged to view the health-care system as a dynamic “learning health-care system” in which research components are embedded within standard clinical care. This essay defends the ethical significance of the research-practice distinction while acknowledging the reality and usefulness of integrated health care. A key claim that this essay advances is that the principle of clinical equipoise, which has largely been rejected by research ethicists, can be reinterpreted and repurposed to help distinguish medical practices that call for more demanding forms of informed consent from those that do not.
Informed Consent, Autonomy, False Beliefs, and Ignorance
Authors: Taylor James Stacey 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIt is widely believed that health policy should take care to ensure that persons are informed about the expected risks as well as the anticipated advantages of medical procedures. This is often justified by a concern for the moral value of personal autonomy, as it is widely believed that to the extent that a person makes decisions on the basis of false beliefs or ignorance her autonomy with respect to them is compromised. This essay argues against this widespread claim. A person’s autonomy with respect to her decisions will not be compromised by either ignorance or false beliefs. However, it does not follow that there is no reason to provide persons with the opportunity to have access to the available information relevant to their decisions concerning their medical treatment. The epistemic requirements for a person to give her consent to her treatment are more stringent than those that must be met for her to be autonomous with respect to her consent. Consent, not autonomy, can be undermined by ignorance or false belief. It is a concern for consent, not a concern for autonomy, that justifies providing people with information about their prospective medical procedures.
Rethinking Assisted Dying
Authors: Schüklenk Udo 
Published: February 2025

AbstractAs more jurisdictions permit a medically assisted death (MAiD)—and none of the jurisdictions that introduced MAiD has seen any serious attempts at reversing it—the focus of debate has turned to the question of what is a morally defensible access threshold for MAiD. This permits us to rethink the moral reasons for the legalization or decriminalization of assisted dying. Unlike what is assumed in many legislative frameworks, unbearable suffering caused by terminal illness is not what oftentimes motivates decisionally capable people to request MAiD. This matters when access thresholds are considered. The argument advanced in this essay is that because MAiD is less destructive to people’s relationships and less harmful than medically unsupervised suicide, access to medical assistance in dying should be open to anyone who is legally capacitated and who persistently requests such assistance.
Political Ideology and Public Health
Authors: Flanigan Jessica 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe ideological nature of public health is a problem for the profession. Ideological uniformity in the field of public health undermines scholars’ and officials’ legitimacy and compromises their ability effectively to prevent death and disease. I first provide some evidence that public health is ideological and then I argue that the ideology of public health is counterproductive. Additionally, public officials are also likely to violate people’s rights in trying to advance their ideology through public health policy. In light of these moral considerations against the ideological nature of public health, there are compelling reasons for people to resist the expanding scope of public health insofar as it consists in the further imposition of this counterproductive and harmful ideology. I therefore conclude that the profession would be more effective and just if public health officials and scholars focused more narrowly on improving health outcomes instead of promoting their broader ideological agenda through public health policy.
Driving policy dialogue on health technology assessment in Eastern Europe and Central Asia: reporting from an initiative of Health Technology Assessment International
Authors: Migliore Antonio , Vicari Nicola , Turk Eva , Sucu Rabia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Eastern Europe and Central Asia (EECA) represents a diverse region facing complex healthcare challenges, including resource constraints, fragmented systems, and limited access to evidence-based decision-making tools. Health technology assessment (HTA) offers a critical framework for addressing these issues by informing efficient allocation of healthcare resources. In April 2024, HTA International (HTAi) convened a policy dialogue in Astana, Kazakhstan, bringing together stakeholders from 12 EECA countries and international experts to discuss HTA advancement in the region. The dialogue highlighted systemic barriers, including political instability, capacity shortages, and fragmented data sources while exploring successful HTA implementation models in some countries. Participants emphasized the importance of political commitment, institutional frameworks, and capacity building, alongside fostering stakeholder collaboration. International organizations such as HTAi and WHO were recognized as vital enablers for technical support and knowledge sharing. Key outcomes included actionable recommendations: strengthening political advocacy, developing legal and institutional frameworks, investing in workforce development, and enhancing multistakeholder engagement. The dialogue underscored HTAi’s role in catalyzing regional collaboration, providing platforms for discussion, and offering resources for capacity building. Future initiatives will focus on addressing structural weaknesses, promoting transparency, and embedding HTA into national healthcare systems to ensure equitable and evidence-based decisions. The findings reinforce the potential of HTA to enhance healthcare policy and planning in EECA, fostering resilient systems that better meet population health needs despite ongoing challenges.
Impact of Early Winter Antarctic Sea Ice Reduction on Antarctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex
Authors: Song Jibin , Zhang Jiankai , Du Shihang , Xu Mian , Zhao Siyi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe impact of Antarctic sea ice reduction during early austral winter on the austral winter Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex is investigated using reanalysis data set and model simulations. Both reanalysis data set and model simulations show that the reduction of Antarctic sea ice during early austral winter leads to a northward displacement of the tropospheric mid‐latitude jet, resembling the negative phase of the Southern Annular Mode. Meanwhile, the reduction of sea ice induces a weaker Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex during winter, which is accompanied by a weaker polar night jet. Further analysis indicates that the Antarctic sea ice reduction could lead to a greater excitation of Rossby waves and significant positive geopotential height anomalies over the Antarctic continent. The zonal wave 1 and 2 components of geopotential height anomalies are in phase with the climatology, corresponding to enhanced upward propagation of wave activity flux in early austral winter. Meanwhile, the reduction of sea ice in early austral winter could result in a more favorable atmospheric environment for the propagation of planetary waves into the stratosphere. These processes ultimately weaken the Antarctic stratospheric polar vortex and the polar night jet in winter. The reduction of sea ice in the Amundsen Sea sector enhances the upward propagation of planetary wave, while the reduction of sea ice in the Indian Ocean sector has the opposite effect.
Oxidized Nitrogen‐Containing Organic Compounds Formation Enhanced the Light Absorption of PM2.5 Brown Carbon
Authors: Wang Diwei , Shen Zhenxing , Bai Gezi , Zhang Leiming , Huang Shasha , Zheng Honghao , Li Cailan , Sun Jian , Xu Hongmei , Cao Junji 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBrown carbon (BrC) is known to have a great impact on atmospheric radiative forcing, but its absorption characteristics at the molecular level is not well understood. This study investigated the seasonal variations of light absorption characteristics and molecular composition of BrC in Xi'an, China. Results showed that BrC exhibited higher light absorption capacity in cold (autumn and winter) than warm seasons (spring and summer). Nitrogen‐containing organic compounds were identified as important BrC chromophores. Oxidized‐N compounds originated from biomass burning emissions and NOx/NO3− mediated oxidation reactions were predominant in cold seasons, whereas reduced‐N compounds mainly formed from NH3/NH4+ mediated reactions were abundant in warm seasons. These results contribute to a better understanding of formation mechanisms and light absorption characteristics of nitrogen‐containing BrC chromophores in PM2.5.
Widespread Occurrence of Lava Lakes on Io Observed From Juno
Authors: Mura Alessandro , Tosi Federico , Zambon Francesca , Lopes Rosaly M. C. , Mouginis‐Mark Peter J. , Radebaugh Jani , Adriani Alberto , Bolton Scott , Rathbun Julie , Cicchetti Andrea , Grassi Davide , Noschese Raffaella , Piccioni Giuseppe , Plainaki Christina , Sordini Roberto , Sindoni Giuseppe 
Published: February 2025

AbstractWe report recent observations of lava lakes within patera on Io made by the JIRAM (Jovian InfraRed Auroral Mapper) imager on board the Juno spacecraft, taken during close observations that occurred during the extended mission. At least 40 lava lakes have been identified from JIRAM observations. The majority (>50%) of paterae have elevated thermal signatures when imaged at sufficiently high spatial resolution (a few km/pixel), implying that lava lakes are ubiquitous on Io. The annular width of the spattering region around the margins, a characteristic of lava lakes, is of the order of few meters to tens of meters, while the diameter of the observed lava lakes ranges from 10 to 100 km. The thickness of the crust in the center of some lava lakes is of the order of 5–10 m; we estimate that this crust is a few years old. Also, the bulk of the thermal emission comes from the much larger crust and not from the smaller exposed lava, so the total power output cannot be calculated from the 5‐μm radiance alone. Eight of the proposed lava lakes have never been reported previously as active hotspots.
Sensitivities of Large Eddy Simulations of Aerosol Plume Transport and Cloud Response
Authors: Dhandapani Chandru , Kaul Colleen M. , Pressel Kyle G. , Blossey Peter N. , Wood Robert , Kulkarni Gourihar 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCloud responses to surface‐based sources of aerosol perturbation partially depend on how turbulent transport of the aerosol to cloud base affects the spatial and temporal distribution of aerosol. Here, scenarios of plume injection below a marine stratocumulus cloud are modeled using large eddy simulations coupled to a prognostic bulk aerosol and cloud microphysics scheme. Both passive plumes, consisting of an inert tracer, and active plumes are investigated, where the latter are representative of saltwater droplet plumes such as have been proposed for marine cloud brightening. Passive plume scenarios show higher in‐plume cloud brightness (relative to out‐of‐plume) due to the predominant transport of the passive plume tracer from the near‐surface to the cloud layer within updrafts. These updrafts rise into brighter areas within the cloud deck, even in the absence of an aerosol perturbation associated with an active plume. Comparing albedo at in‐plume to out‐of‐plume locations associates the inert plume with the brightest cloud locations, without any causal effect of the plume on the cloud. Numerical sensitivities are first assessed to establish a suitable model configuration. Then sensitivity to particle injection rate is investigated. Trade‐offs are identified between the number of injected particles and the suppressive effect of droplet evaporation on plume loft and spread. Furthermore, as the near‐field in‐plume brightening effect does not depend significantly on injection rate given a suitable definition of perturbed versus unperturbed regions of the flow, plume area is a key controlling factor on the overall cloud brightening effect of an aerosol perturbation.
Upper Ocean Instability in the Subpolar North Atlantic and Its Implications for Deep Water Formation During Interglacials
Authors: Thibodeau Benoit , Doherty John M. , Alonso‐García Montserrat , Band Shraddha , González‐Lanchas Alba , Not Christelle , Ren Haojia 
Published: February 2025

AbstractIn this multiproxy study, we used new isotopic data on planktonic foraminifera to highlight the strong instability that characterized surface conditions in the Iceland Basin during Marine Isotope Stage 11 (MIS 11). We produced new oxygen isotope data on the planktonic species Neogloboquadrina incompta and Turborotalita quinqueloba, foraminifera‐bound nitrogen isotope data on N. incompta, and calcareous nannofossil data at coring site IODP Site U1314. The multiproxy record displays two distinct upper ocean regimes: a relatively stable pre‐climate optimum and an unstable post‐climate optimum with high amplitude variations in nutrient utilization and seasonality proxies, and strong enrichment in oxygen isotopes suggesting colder and/or saltier upper waters. The latter regime was concomitant with a resurgence in ice‐rafted debris. Interestingly, this surface instability is not observed in cores from sites affected by the North Atlantic Current. Moreover, deep water ventilation is reconstructed to decrease throughout the eastern North Atlantic, while remaining rather constant in the Labrador Sea. The evidence presented here indicates that deep‐water formation was unstable throughout MIS 11, and that peak periods of deep‐water formation varied across high latitude North Atlantic basins, depending on the prevailing surface conditions in each region. These findings suggest that reconstructing deep‐water formation and ventilation require a comprehensive approach that accounts for the interconnectivity between different components of the overturning circulation system.
Methylstat sensitizes ovarian cancer cells to PARP-inhibition by targeting the histone demethylases JMJD1B/C
Authors: Schwarz Franziska Maria , Klotz Daniel Martin , Yang Ruming , Brux Melanie , Buchholz Frank , Harb Hani , Link Theresa , Wimberger Pauline , Theis Mirko , Kuhlmann Jan Dominik 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
PARP-inhibitors (PARPi) are an integral part of ovarian cancer treatment. However, overcoming acquired PARPi resistance or increasing the benefit of PARPi in patients without homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) remains an unmet clinical need. We sought to identify genetic modulators of PARPi response, guiding pharmacological PARPi sensitization. CRISPR-Cas9 mediated loss-of-function screen with a focused sgRNA library revealed that DNA-demethylases JMJD1B/JMJD1C, targetable by the small inhibitor methylstat, promote PARPi resistance. Methylstat synergistically interacted with olaparib, and (re-)sensitized ovarian cancer cells to PARPi treatment, surpassing the efficacy of common demethylase inhibitors. Genetic knockout of JMJD1B and/or JMJD1C phenocopied the effect of methylstat in an additive manner. Validation studies revealed methylstat to be a universal PARPi-sensitizing drug, effective, regardless of PARPi resistance status or BRCA1 mutational background. Methylstat modulated clonal cancer dynamics by mitigating positive selection of PARPi-resistant or BRCA1-proficient cells under olaparib treatment. Using a model of PARPi-induced cellular toxicity, we showed that methylstat impairs cellular DNA repair, indicated by an increased susceptibility of ovarian cancer cells to olaparib-induced DNA double strand breaks after methylstat exposure. This study proposes the histone demethylase inhibitor methylstat as an epigenetic drug for overcoming PARPi-resistance or for increasing efficacy of PARPi beyond HRD in ovarian cancer patients.