bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Validity of the Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale to measure subjective perception of spine deformity in patients with idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Pineda Sonia , Bago Juan , Gilperez Carmen , Climent Jose M 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
The Walter Reed Visual Assessment Scale (WRVAS) was designed to allow idiopathic scoliosis patients to describe their perception of their deformity. In a previous stduy, the scale has shown good correlation with magnitude of the curve

Methods
The study included 70 patients (60 women and 10 men), mean age 19.4 years (range 12–40), with idiopathic scoliosis. Each patient filled out the WRVAS and the SRS-22 questionnaire. Thoracic and lumbar curve angles were determined in standing X-rays and the largest was named Cobbmax. WRVAS internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. Correlation coefficients were calculated between Cobbmax and the various WRVAS questions, and Cobbmax and the SRS-22 scales. The correlation between the WRVAS and SRS-22 was also determined

Results
Mean magnitudes were thoracic curve, 36.6° and lumbar curve, 33.2°; average Cobbmax was 37.9°. The mean total WRVAS score was 15.6. Mean scores for the various SRS-22 scales were function 4.6, pain 4.3, self-image 3.7, mental health 4.2, and total score 84.1. Internal consistency for the WRVAS was excellent (Cronbach's alpha, 0.9), and there were no signs of collinearity among the seven questions (tolerance range 0.2–0.5). All the items on the WRVAS correlated significantly with Cobbmax (correlation coefficients, 0.4 to 0.7). The correlation between the total WRVAS and total SRS-22 score was -0.54 (P = .0001) and between WRVAS total score and SRS-22 image domain score was -0.57 (p = 0.0001)

Conclusion
The WRVAS showed excellent internal consistency and absence of collinearity. There was a highly significant correlation between the results of the test and the magnitude of the deformity. The WRVAS correlated significantly with the SRS-22 image scale. The WRVAS is a valid instrument to assess scoliosis patients perception of their deformity
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and rapid-cycling bipolar disorder
Authors: Müller Daniel J. , De Luca Vincenzo , Sicard Tricia , King Nicole , Strauss John , Kennedy James L. 
Published: November 2006

BackgroundWe have previously reported the Val66Met and GT(n) repeat polymorphisms of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene to be associated with bipolar disorder. However, these findings have not been replicated consistently.AimsTo dissect the association of the BDNF gene with bipolar disorder by examining additional markers at the DNA level and by testing the illness categories of bipolar disorder I and II and rapid cycling.MethodWe performed a family-based association study and haplotype analyses with 312 nuclear families using four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and the Val66Met and GT(n) repeat polymorphisms.ResultsThe SNPs hCVI1592756 and rs2049045, the Val66Met and GT(n) were significantly associated with bipolar disorder using transmission disequilibrium analyses (P=0.02, 0.009, 0.001 and 0.008 respectively). The effect at these markers was mainly driven by the rapid-cycling patients.ConclusionsWithin bipolar disorder, variation in the BDNF gene appears to predict risk for developing rapid cycling according to DSM–IV. Incorporating this clinical sub-phenotyping into other studies of the BDNF gene may help to resolve some of the inconsistencies reported thus far concerning BDNF and bipolar disorder.
Costs in searching for two targets: dividing search across target types could improve airport security screening
Authors: Menneer Tamaryn , Barrett Doug J. K. , Phillips Luke , Donnelly Nick , Cave Kyle R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe cost of searching for two visual targets simultaneously was compared against two separate single‐target searches using exposure time and accuracy measures within a staircase procedure. Dual‐target search for all stimuli (colour, shape and orientation) exhibited a loss of accuracy for one target. For orientation and shape, this dual‐target cost in accuracy was extreme, with chance‐level performance on one target. For colour, dual‐target search exhibited an additional cost in search time, with search requiring a longer exposure than the summed time required for two single‐target searches. An additional search‐time cost was also found for orientation targets when irrelevant colour variation was added to the display. In conclusion, dual‐target search for dissimilar targets is accompanied by an accuracy cost. Furthermore, colour variation, whether task‐relevant or not, leads to an additional cost in processing speed. The results suggest that a divided‐effort strategy would improve performance in search tasks such as X‐ray baggage screening. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
When accurate and inaccurate eyewitnesses look the same: a limitation of the ‘pop‐out’ effect and the 10‐ to 12‐second rule
Authors: Ross David F. , Benton Tanja Rapus , McDonnell Stephanie , Metzger Richard , Silver Christopher 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResearch has found support for a ‘pop‐out effect’ that occurs when witnesses who accurately identify a criminal from a lineup are faster and uses more automatic processing than inaccurate witnesses who misidentify a foil. We present evidence that this finding may not occur with biased lineups. Witnesses to a mock theft were asked to make a lineup identification and three types of witnesses were compared: (1) accurate witnesses who identified a thief, (2) inaccurate witnesses who misidentified a foil who was more similar looking to the thief than the other lineup foils and (3) inaccurate witnesses who misidentified a foil who was not more similar in appearance to the thief than the other lineup foils. Accurate witnesses who identified the thief and inaccurate witnesses who misidentified a foil more similar to the thief than the other lineup foils were indistinguishable; both were faster, used more automatic recognition processes and were more confident than inaccurate witnesses who identified other foils. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A state of high anxiety: how non‐supportive interviewers can increase the suggestibility of child witnesses
Authors: Almerigogna Jehanne , Ost James , Bull Ray , Akehurst Lucy 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe present study examined the effects of state and trait anxiety on 8–11 years old children's susceptibility to misleading post‐event information. Participants' state and trait anxiety were measured, after which they watched an extract from a children's movie. They were then individually interviewed using either a supportive or a non‐supportive style. During the interviews, the children were asked 14 questions about the movie, seven of which were control and seven contained misleading information. After the interview, their state anxiety was measured again. Results showed that participants interviewed in a non‐supportive style were more likely to provide incorrect answers to misleading questions. Furthermore, participants who scored highly on both trait and post‐interview state anxiety measures more often responded incorrectly to misleading questions. Also, pre‐to post‐interview changes in state anxiety were correlated with more incorrect responses to misleading questions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Passivity‐based control for stabilization, regulation and tracking purposes of a class of nonlinear systems
Authors: Travieso‐Torres Juan C. , Duarte‐Mermoud Manuel A. , Sepúleveda Diego I. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, a new passivity‐based control (PBC) scheme based on state feedback is proposed in order to solve tracking, regulation and stabilization problems for a class of multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) nonlinear systems expressed in the normal form, with time‐invariant parameters and locally bounded reference weakly minimum phase. For the proposed control scheme two new different state feedbacks, one non‐adaptive for the case when the system parameters are assumed to be known and the other adaptive for the case of unknown parameters, are developed. For the adaptive case it is assumed that the unknown parameters appear linearly in the equations. Analysis of the transient behaviour of the proposed control schemes is presented through the simulation of two examples. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Prolonged survival of an HIV‐infected patient with plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity
Authors: Panos George , Karveli Efthymia A. , Nikolatou Ourania , Falagas Matthew E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPlasmablastic lymphoma is an aggressive subtype of diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma that is mainly observed in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and it tends to arise in the oral cavity. We present a case of an HIV‐infected patient with plasmablastic lymphoma with prolonged survival. The 30‐yr‐old woman was found to have an oral lesion at the time of the diagnosis of HIV infection. Histological and immunochemical examination of biopsy of the oral lesion showed plasmablastic lymphoma (CD138+). She received two cycles of cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisolone (CHOP) that started 10 weeks after the initiation of antiretroviral therapy. The continuing pancytopenia and an adenoviral febrile infection did not permit further antineoplastic treatment. A gradual decrease of the oral lesion was noted after the second cycle of chemotherapy that led to the disappearance of the lesion 7 months later. The patient remains in complete remission 61 months after the diagnosis of plasmablastic lymphoma. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adherent leukocytes capture sickle erythrocytes in an in vitro flow model of vaso‐occlusion
Authors: Finnegan Eileen M. , Turhan Aslihan , Golan David E. , Barabino Gilda A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecent in vivo studies suggest that adherent leukocytes bind RBCs and contribute to the microvascular pathology that characterizes sickle cell disease (SCD). A parallel‐plate flow assay was used: to investigate the capture of RBCs by adherent neutrophils, monocytes, and T‐lymphocytes; to examine whether RBC capture is elevated in patients with SCD; and to determine whether hydroxyurea (HU) therapy affects these interactions. Four measures of cell–cell adhesion were used: adhesion of leukocytes to TNF‐α‐treated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), percent of adherent leukocytes that captured RBCs, number of RBCs captured per interacting leukocyte, and duration of RBC capture. Leukocyte subpopulations from sickle patients were more adherent to activated ECs and captured more RBCs per interacting leukocyte than the corresponding subpopulations from healthy controls. While HU did not affect leukocyte adhesion to activated ECs, it reduced the proportion of adherent leukocytes that captured RBCs, as well as the number of RBCs captured per neutrophil. T‐lymphocytes demonstrated elevated adhesion in all measures, and may be the leukocyte subpopulation whose behavior is most altered in SCD. Our findings suggest that neutrophils, monocytes, and T‐lymphocytes could all be involved in adhesive interactions with autologous RBCs in patients with SCD. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) as a novel cellulose‐based superabsorbent
Authors: Suo Aili , Qian Junmin , Yao Yu , Zhang Wanggang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA new cellulose‐based superabsorbent polymer, carboxymethyl cellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide), was prepared by the free‐radical grafting solution polymerization of acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) monomers onto carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker with a redox couple of potassium persulfate and sodium metabisulfite as an initiator. The influences of reaction variables such as the initiator content, crosslinker content, bath temperature, molar ratio of AA to AM, and weight ratio of the monomers to CMC on the water absorbency of the carboxymethylcellulose‐graft‐poly(acrylic acid‐co‐acrylamide) copolymer were investigated. The copolymer's structures were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The optimum reaction conditions were obtained as follows: the bath temperature was 50°C; the molar ratio of AA to AM was 3 : 1; the mass ratio of the monomers to CMC was 4 : 1; and the weight percentages of the crosslinker and initiator with respect to the monomers were 0.75 and 1%, respectively. The maximum water absorbency of the optimized product was 920 g/g for distilled water and 85 g/g for a 0.9 wt % aqueous NaCl solution. In addition, the superabsorbent possessed good water retention and salt resistance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1382–1388, 2007
Preparation and characterization of a thermoplastic poly(glycerol sebacate) elastomer by two‐step method
Authors: Liu Quanyong , Tian Ming , Ding Tao , Shi Rui , Feng Yuxing , Zhang Liqun , Chen Dafu , Tian Wei 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA thermoplastic poly(glycerol sebacate) elastomer (TMPGS), prepared by a two‐step method for the first time, is characterized in the present work. First, non‐crosslinked poly(glycerol sebacate) (PGS) prepolymers at the 1 : 1 molar ratio of glycerol to sebacic acid were synthesized through a condensation reaction. Second, TMPGSs were achieved through prepolymers that continued to react after the addition of more sebacic acid at a total molar ratio of 2 : 2.5 (glycerol/sebacic acid). The swelling experiments demonstrated that its crosslinking density was low and that it was composed of sol and gel. Compared with our previous results, the content of sol decreased but still reached >60%. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies demonstrated that TMPGS was crystallizable and had a glass transition temperature below −20°C, but at close to 37°C, its state altered and became almost amorphous. It was explained that both the semi‐interpenetrated polymer networks composed of sol and gel and the crystal regions imparted thermoplasticity to the elastomer. Finally, the in vitro degradation tests illuminated the degradation characteristic of TMPGS in 37°C phosphate buffered saline solution (pH = 7.4). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1412–1419, 2007
Investigation of thermal behavior of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐itaconic acid) networks
Authors: Çaykara Tuncer , Özyürek Cengiz , Kantoğlu Ömer 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe thermal behavior of poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [PHEMA] homopolymer and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate‐co‐itaconic acid) [P(HEMA/IA)] copolymeric networks synthesized using a radiation‐induced polymerization technique was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The glass‐transition temperature (Tg) of the PHEMA homopolymer was found to be 87°C. On the other hand, the Tg of the P(HEMA/IA) networks increased from 88°C to 117°C with an increasing amount of IA in the network system. The thermal degradation reaction mechanism of the P(HEMA/IA) networks was determined to be different from the PHEMA homopolymer, as confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis. It was observed that the initial thermal degradation temperature of these copolymeric networks increased from 271°C to 300°C with IA content. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1602–1607, 2007
Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction in membrane formation by thermally induced phase separation
Authors: Zhang Chun‐Fang , Zhu Bao‐Ku , Ji Gen‐Liang , Xu You‐Yi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this study, a novel and environmentally friendly extracting method, supercritical carbon dioxide (SC‐CO2) extraction, was investigated in the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) process for making microporous membranes. In the SC‐CO2 extraction, the effects of extraction time, pressure, and temperature on the extraction fraction, membrane morphology, and membrane performance were investigated. It was concluded that with extraction conditions of 18 MPa, 35°C and 2 h, the porous membrane had the highest extraction fraction. There was a close relationship between membrane performance and the extraction conditions of SC‐CO2, and it is possible to tailor membrane performance through the choice of extraction conditions. Compared with traditional solvent extraction, a dry membrane treated by SC‐CO2 extraction has much less shrinkage and greater water permeability, whereas the degree of crystallization of a membrane extracted by SC‐CO2 is slightly greater than that extracted by ethanol. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1632–1639, 2007
Structural interactions of globular proteins—Bovine serum albumin, egg albumin, and lysozyme, in aqueous medium, elucidated with molar volumes, viscosities, energy functions, and IR spectra from 293.15 to 303.15 K
Authors: Singh Man 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDensities (ρ), apparent molar volumes (Vϕ), viscosities (η), and IR spectra on 0.0010–0.0018% aqueous solutions of bovine serum albumin (BSA), egg albumin (E‐Alb), and lysozyme at an interval of 0.0004% and at temperatures from 293.15, 298.15, and 303.15 K have obtained. The free energy (ΔG), entropy (ΔS), and enthalpy (ΔH) data with compositions and temperatures are calculated from the values of the flow velocity (vf) of viscous flow, which decrease with temperature. The densities decrease with concentrations and temperatures except BSA, and the Vϕ values slightly increase with concentrations for BSA and lysozyme, which depict structural reorientations and transition states of protein molecules with increase in viscosities and decrease in reduce viscosities. The reduce viscosities at 293.15 K for BSA, E‐Alb, and lysozyme are noted positive, and for BSA and lysozyme remain positive at 298.15 and 303.15 K, whereas for E‐Alb it is negative. Activation energies (E*) for lysozyme remain almost constant, and are higher than those of the BSA and E‐Alb, respectively, also slightly higher E* values for the BSA than those of the E‐Alb at 293.15 and 298.15, and lower than of the E‐Alb at 303.15 K, are observed elucidating greater structural interactions for BSA at lower while weaker at temperatures. Stretching frequencies of amide (NHCO), NH, CO, and CH groups of proteins are noted from IR spectra with broader stretching frequencies for NH. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1420–1429, 2007
Layer‐by‐layer films based on charge transfer interaction of ϕ‐conjugated poly(dithiafulvene) and incorporation of gold nanoparticles into the films
Authors: Wang Xiaqin , Naka Kensuke , Wang Chaosheng , Itoh Hideaki , Uemura Takashi , Chujo Yoshiki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLayer‐by‐layer (LBL) self‐assembled ultrathin films were prepared via consecutively alternating immersion of substrates into solutions of electron donor, poly(dithiafulvene) (PDF), and electron acceptor, poly(hexanyl viologen) (6‐VP). The charge transfer (CT) interaction formed at solid–liquid interfaces between the backbones of the electron acceptor and donor polymers was the driving force of the alternative deposition. The sandwich heterostructure of the LBL film led to electrical anisotropy in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the film surfaces. Incorporation of gold nanoparticles into the LBL films was investigated by reducing gold ions with the PDF layers already deposited on the film surfaces, or depositing PDF‐protected gold colloidal solution as the electron donor layers directly. The influence of the gold nanoparticles on the electrical anisotropy of the LBL films was also illustrated in this research. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1608–1615, 2007
Grafting of vinyl acetate onto chitosan and biocidal activity of the graft copolymers
Authors: Elkholy Said , Khalil Khaled D. , Elsabee Maher Z. , Eweis Mohamed 
Published: November 2006

AbstractModification of chitosan by grafting with vinyl acetate (VAc) was carried out using potassium persulfate and sodium bisulfite as redox initiators. The effect of monomer, initiator concentration, time, and temperature was studied. The grafted samples were subjected to alkaline hydrolysis and the polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) branches were consequently partially converted into polyvinyl alcohol (PVAl) graft, which showed enhanced swelling in water. The graft copolymers showed a better dye uptake for both acidic and basic dyes. Chitosan/VAc and chitosan/VAl copolymers were both subjected to reaction with dimethyl sulfate in alkaline medium to yield quaternized copolymers. The antifungal behavior of chitosan and its graft copolymers was investigated in vitro on the mycelial growth, sporulation, and germination of conidia or sclerotia of the following sugarbeet: Beta vulgaris pathogens isolated in Egypt, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn (AG2‐2) Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. and Fusarium solani (Mart.) Sacc. These polymers were also screened against several fungi and it has been found that grafting with polyvinyl alcohol branches enhances the antifungal activity dramatically. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1651–1663, 2007
Electrospinning of cellulose‐based nanofibers
Authors: Frenot Audrey , Henriksson Maria Walenius , Walkenström Pernilla 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCellulose derivatives of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose (MC), and enzymatically treated cellulose have been electrospun, and the microstructure of the resulting nanofibers has been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Before electrospinning, the solutions were characterized by viscometry and surface tension measurements, and the results were correlated with spinnability. Four different CMC derivatives, varying in molecular weight (Mw), degree of substitution (DS), and substitution pattern, have been electrospun in mixtures with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and nanofibers of various characteristics have formed. The CMC‐based nanostructures, i.e., the nonwoven sheet and individual nanofibers, proved to be independent of Mw and DS but largely dependent on the substitution pattern. The nonwoven sheets varied in homogeneity, and beads appeared on the individual fibers. Depending on the chemical nature of the CMC, the extraction of PEO resulted in pure CMC nanostructures of varying appearance, indicating that the distribution of PEO and CMC in the nanofibers also varied. Two different HPMC derivatives, varying in DS, were electrospun into nanofibers. Homogeneous nonwoven sheets based on nanofibers of similar appearance are formed, independent of the substitution content of the HPMC sample. Preliminary fibers were obtained from enzymatically treated cellulose in a solvent system based on lithium chloride dissolved in dimethyl acetamide (LiCl: DMAc). © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1473–1482, 2007
Polyamidoamine dendrimers as curing agents: The optimum polyamidoamine concentration selected by dynamic torsional vibration method and thermogravimetric analyses
Authors: Cheng Yiyun , Xu Tongwen , He Pingsheng 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were investigated as curing agents in bisphenol A epoxy resin systems. The cure behavior of epoxy resin/PAMAM at varying components was investigated by a dynamic torsional vibration method (DTVM); the thermal behavior of the materials was characterized by means of thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The DTVM results show that 10/100 parts of the resin (phr) PAMAM was the optimum concentration for 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 G PAMAM dendrimers/resin systems in our experiment. Also, the TGA results agreed with the conclusions made by the DTVM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1430–1434, 2007