bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Astrocytes are more resistant than cerebral endothelial cells toward geno‐ and cytotoxicity mediated by short‐term oxidative stress
Authors: Bresgen Nikolaus , Jaksch Heidi , Bauer Hans‐Chr. , Eckl Peter , Krizbai Istvan , Tempfer Herbert 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEvidence is accumulating that capillary endothelial cells (cEC) and astrocytes play a pivotal role in neuroprotection, in particular with respect to counteract oxidative injury. Furthermore, differences among both cell types in response to oxidative stress have been shown and astrocytes seem to be more tolerant in terms of cytotoxicity, however, no reports exist on oxidative stress mediated genotoxicity in astrocytes. We investigated genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress in astrocytes and cECs induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation or by the redox cycling quinone DMNQ. Additionally, the dependence of these effects on glucose availabilty was also studied. On exposure to Hy/Re or 10 μM DMNQ for 24 hr, the frequency of micronucleated and apoptotic cells was significantly increasing, however, astrocytes proved to be more resistant to apoptosis induction, in particular on use of DMNQ. In astrocytes, the low background rates of necrotic cells were not affected and a significant necrosis induction was only detectable in cECs exposed to DMNQ for 24 hr. Short‐term exposure to DMNQ (1 hr) had no effect in astrocytes but exerted significant geno‐ and cytotoxicity in cECs. Increasing the glucose concentration markedly reduced oxidative stress mediated geno‐ and cytotoxicity in astrocytes. Surprisingly, glucose deprivation (aglycemia) suppressed DMNQ induced micronucleus formation in astrocytes without affecting the frequency of apoptotic cells. Our results indicate that astrocytes are more resistant to oxidative stress than cECs, in particular regarding the potential to counteract genotoxicity as well as apoptosis induction mediated by a short term oxidative insult. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lack of neprilysin suffices to generate murine amyloid‐like deposits in the brain and behavioral deficit in vivo
Authors: Madani Rime , Poirier Raphael , Wolfer David P. , Welzl Hans , Groscurth Peter , Lipp Hans‐Peter , Lu Bao , Mouedden Mohammed El , Mercken Marc , Nitsch Roger M. , Mohajeri M. Hasan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAccumulation of the β‐amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the brain is a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD), leading to synaptic dysfunction, neuronal death, and memory impairment. The levels of neprilysin, a major Aβ‐degrading enzyme, are decreased in AD brains and during aging. Because neprilysin cleaves Aβ in vivo, its down‐regulation may contribute to the pathophysiology of AD. The aim of this study was to assess the consequences of neprilysin deficiency on accumulation of murine Aβ in brains and associated pathologies in vivo by investigating neprilysin‐deficient mice on biochemical, morphological, and behavioral levels. Aged neprilysin‐deficient mice expressed physiological amyloid precursor protein (APP) levels and exhibited elevated brain Aβ concentrations and amyloid‐like deposits in addition to signs of neuronal degeneration in their brains. Behaviorally, neprilysin‐deficient mice acquired a significantly weaker conditioned taste aversion that extinguished faster than the aversion of age‐matched controls. Our data establish that, under physiological APP expression levels, neprilysin deficiency is associated with increased Aβ accumulation in the brain and leads to deposition of amyloid‐like structures in vivo as well as with signs of AD‐like pathology and with behavioral deficits. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Micro‐Raman and IR study of the compressive behaviour of poly(paraphenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibres in a diamond‐anvil cell
Authors: Colomban Philippe , Aidi‐Mounsi Achraf , Limage Marie‐Hélène 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe micro/nano structural evolution of PBO (poly(paraphenylenebenzobisoxazole), commercial name Zylon) fibres has been studied by Raman and IR spectroscopy in a diamond‐anvil cell, up to ∼15 GPa. Different modes were considered in the 900–1700 cm−1 (Raman) and 800–3300 cm−1 (IR) spectral range. The material behaviour appears more similar to that of a densely packed inorganic structure than to the behaviour previously observed for polyamide fibres, and is related to the compact arrangement of the rigid heterocyclic rings. Wavenumber shift starts with increase in pressure and a transition between the two regimes was revealed at ∼2–2.5 GPa, and it was assigned to the loss of order between neighbouring PBO chains. A good correlation is observed between the macroscopic mechanical properties and the nanomechanics at the chemical bond scale. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lanthanidocene Borohydrides: Alternative Precursors for Olefin and Conjugated Diene Polymerization Catalysts
Authors: Thuilliez Julien , Spitz Roger , Boisson Christophe 
Published: September 2006

AbstractSummary: The neodymium borohydride complexes Me2Si(3‐Me3Si‐C5H3)2NdBH4(THF)2 and [Me2Si(C5H4)(C13H8)Nd(BH4)2][Li(THF)] · 0.5LiBH4 were prepared. These compounds in combination with Mg(Bu)(Oct) were investigated as catalytic systems for polymerization of ethylene and copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene. Similar polymerization results were obtained using these new precursors, in comparison with chloride analogues. This suggests that the same active species are formed in both cases. The easier isolation and characterization of the complex, [Me2Si(C5H4)(C13H8)Nd(BH4)2][Li(THF)] · 0.5LiBH4, than its chloride analogue constitutes the evidence of the interest of the new precursor family.Preparation of neodymocene borohydrides and their use as precursors for copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene.magnified imagePreparation of neodymocene borohydrides and their use as precursors for copolymerization of ethylene with butadiene.
Synchronized brain network underlying postural tremor in Wilson's disease
Authors: Südmeyer Martin , Pollok Bettina , Hefter Harald , Gross Joachim , Butz Markus , Wojtecki Lars , Timmermann Lars , Schnitzler Alfons 
Published: September 2006

AbstractCommon neurological manifestation of Wilson's disease (WD) is a postural tremor of the upper extremities. Recently, the primary sensorimotor cortex (S1/M1) has been shown to be involved in WD postural tremor generation. However, neuropathological changes in WD are mostly observed in subcortical structures. We therefore aimed to investigate whether S1/M1 may be functionally interconnected with other brain areas. In five WD patients, we used magnetoencephalography and surface electromyography (EMG) to record simultaneously cerebral neuronal activity and muscular activity during sustained posture of the right forearm. As demonstrated previously, the strongest coupling to tremor EMG was observed in the contralateral S1/M1. This area was taken as reference in order to identify and localize cerebro–cerebral coherence at tremor frequency and its first harmonic. The analysis revealed significant coherence within an oscillatory network including S1/M1, higher cortical motor areas (premotor cortex, PM; supplementary motor area, SMA), posterior parietal cortex (PPC) and thalamus contralateral as well as the cerebellum ipsilateral to the tremor forearm. Flow of information was mainly of bidirectional nature. Taken together, our results indicate that WD postural tremor is generated within a synchronized cerebello–thalamo–cortical network, comprising S1/M1, higher cortical motor areas (SMA, PM), and PPC. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Nitric oxide, a double edged sword in cancer biology: Searching for therapeutic opportunities
Authors: Mocellin Simone , Bronte Vincenzo , Nitti Donato 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNitric oxide (NO) is a pleiotropic molecule critical to a number of physiological and pathological processes. The last decade has witnessed major advances in dissecting NO biology and its role in cancer pathogenesis. However, the complexity of the interactions between different levels of NO and several aspects of tumor development/progression has led to apparently conflicting findings. Furthermore, both anti‐NO and NO‐based anticancer strategies appear effective in several preclinical models. This paradoxical dichotomy is leaving investigators with a double challenge: to determine the net impact of NO on cancer behavior and to define the therapeutic role of NO‐centered anticancer strategies. Only a comprehensive and dynamic view of the cascade of molecular and cellular events underlying tumor biology and affected by NO will allow investigators to exploit the potential antitumor properties of drugs interfering with NO metabolism. Available data suggest that NO should be considered neither a universal target nor a magic bullet, but rather a signal transducer to be modulated according to the molecular makeup of each individual cancer and the interplay with conventional antineoplastic agents. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 27, No. 3, 317–352, 2007
Transcription profile in mouse four‐cell, morula, and blastocyst: Genes implicated in compaction and blastocoel formation
Authors: Cui Xiang‐Shun , Li Xing‐Yu , Shen Xing‐Hui , Bae Yong‐Ju , Kang Jason‐Jongho , Kim Nam‐Hyung 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTo gain insight into early embryo development, we utilized microarray technology to compare gene expression profiles in four‐cell (4C), morula (MO), and blastocyst (BL) stage embryos. Differences in spot intensities were normalized, and grouped by using Avadis Prophetic software platform (version 3.3, Strand Genomics Ltd.) and categories were based on the PANTHER and gene ontology (GO) classification system. This technique identified 622 of 7,927 genes as being more highly expressed in MO when compared to 4C (P < 0.05); similarly, we identified 654 of 9,299 genes as being more highly expressed in BL than in MO (P < 0.05). Upregulation of genes for cytoskeletal, cell adhesion, and cell junction proteins were identified in the MO as compared to the 4C stage embryos, this means they could be involved in the cell compaction necessary for the development to the MO. Genes thought to be involved in ion channels, membrane traffic, transfer/carrier proteins, and lipid metabolism were also identified as being expressed at a higher level in the BL stage embryos than in the MO. Real‐time RT‐PCR was performed to confirm differential expression of selected genes. The identification of the genes being expressed in here will provide insight into the complex gene regulatory networks effecting compaction and blastocoel formation. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Generation of viable fish from cryopreserved primordial germ cells
Authors: Kobayashi Terumasa , Takeuchi Yutaka , Takeuchi Toshio , Yoshizaki Goro 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn increasing number of wild fish species are in danger of extinction, often as a result of human activities. The cryopreservation of gametes and embryos has great potential for maintaining and restoring threatened species. The conservation of both paternal and maternal genetic information is essential. However, although this technique has been successfully applied to the spermatozoa of many fish species, reliable methods are lacking for the long‐term preservation of fish eggs and embryos. Here, we describe a protocol for use with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) primordial germ cells (PGCs) and document the restoration of live fish from gametes derived from these cryopreserved progenitors. Genital ridges (GRs), which are embryonic tissues containing PGCs, were successfully cryopreserved in a medium containing 1.8 M ethylene glycol (EG). The thawed PGCs that were transplanted into the peritoneal cavities of allogenic trout hatchlings differentiated into mature spermatozoa and eggs in the recipient gonads. Furthermore, the fertilization of eggs derived from cryopreserved PGCs by cryopreserved spermatozoa resulted in the development of fertile F1 fish. This PGC cryopreservation technique represents a promising tool in efforts to save threatened fish species. Moreover, this approach has significant potential for maintaining domesticated fish strains carrying commercially valuable traits for aquaculture purposes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of 138–355, a β3‐adrenoceptor selective agonist, on relaxation of the human detrusor muscle in vitro
Authors: Yamanishi Tomonori , Yasuda Kosaku , Kitahara Satoshi , Nakai Hideo , Yoshida Ken‐Ichiro , Iizuka Hiroyuki 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsβ‐adrenoceptors are the predominant β‐adrenoceptor subtype present in the bladder and urethra. This study investigates the effects of 138–355, an active‐metabolite of TT‐138 and β3‐adrenoceptor agonist, on relaxation of the human detrusor in vitro.MethodsTumor‐free tissue samples of human bladder muscle from 39 patients undergoing total cystectomy due to bladder cancer were obtained, and the mucosa and serosa were removed. Tissues were mounted in 5 or 10 ml organ baths containing Krebs solution, which was gassed with 95% O2and 5% CO2. Resting tension of 1 g was obtained. When the contraction had stabilized, increasing concentrations of β adrenoceptor agonists (non‐selective, isoprenaline; β2‐selective, clenbuterol; β3‐selective, 138–355 and BRL37344) and propiverine (a non‐selective anti‐muscarinic antagonist) were added cumulatively and concentration‐relaxation curves (CRCs) were obtained. CRCs to 138–355 were obtained in the absence and presence of SR59230A, a β3‐selective antagonist, and antagonist affinity values (pA2) were calculated from the Schild plot.ResultsIsoproterenol, clenbuterol, 138–355 and BRL37344 concentration‐dependently relaxed isolated human urinary bladder strips with pEC50value being 6.76±0.17, 5.23±0.22, 5.80±0.26 and 5.90±0.28, respectively. Following antagonist assay, it was observed that concentration‐relaxation curves to 138–355 was competitively antagonized by β3‐ adrenoceptor antagonist, SR59230A, with a pA2value of 7.01±0.45 and with a Schild slope of 0.72±0.07.ConclusionsInvolvement of the β3‐adrenoceptor appears to be greater than that of the β3‐adrenoceptor for relaxations of the human bladder. The relaxation response of 138–355 appears to be mediated via the β3‐adrenoceptor stimulation. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:815–819, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The natural history of overactive bladder and stress urinary incontinence in older women in the community: A 3‐year prospective cohort study
Authors: Donaldson M.M.K. , Thompson J.R. , Matthews R.J. , Dallosso H.M. , McGrother C.W. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsThis is the first study designed to describe the natural history of stress urinary incontinence (SUI) and overactive bladder (OAB), using validated symptom syndrome severity scores developed for the purpose.MethodsTwo separate but related studies were involved, (i) a clinic sample (N = 2,052) from a randomised controlled trial (RCT) and (ii) a prospective cohort study (N = 12,750) with 3‐year follow‐up. Subjects in both studies were women aged 40 or more living in the community, approached using similar postal questionnaires. Severity scores using standardised urinary symptoms were derived for SUI and OAB from weightings obtained from logistic regression models of symptoms in relation to urodynamic diagnosis. Symptom severity scores were plotted for baseline and 3 years of follow‐up to demonstrate the natural history of the main categories of SUI and OAB.ResultsOveractive bladder and SUI syndrome severity scores showed good criterion validity in relation to relevant clinical measures and good test‐retest reliability. OAB severity increased progressively with age including a period of accelerated increase in the 60s. In contrast, SUI severity showed two age‐related peaks around age 60 and again at age 80. SUI severity also showed a more fluctuating pattern from year to year compared to OAB.ConclusionsContrasting patterns of natural history for OAB and SUI syndromes were identified consistent with differences in the patterns of related co‐morbidities. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. Neurourol. Urodynam. 25:709–716, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Which questionnaire? A psychometric evaluation of three patient‐based outcome measures used to assess surgery for stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Reid Fiona M. , Smith Anthony R.B. , Dunn Graham 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsThe aim of the study was to further validate three patient‐based outcome measures (PBOM) used to assess the outcome of surgery for stress urinary incontinence and to compare their psychometric properties with a view to determining the most appropriate measure for clinical use.MethodsThe work was embedded within a randomized controlled trial of laparoscopic and open colposuspension. The trial recruited 291 women from six centers. The three instruments compared were Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptom Questionnaire (BFLUTS), Kings Health Questionnaire (KHQ), and the Symptom Severity Index and Symptom Impact Index (SSI/SII). The International Consultation on Incontinence (ICI) ABC grading system of psychometric propertie's reliability, validity, and responsiveness was used to evaluate the instruments.ResultsFrom the analysis of the psychometric properties of the three instruments, the SSI/SII appeared to have the best psychometric profile; Grade A, BFLUTS was of grade A, and KHQ was of grade B. SSI/SII had a good degree of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha 0.74–0.78). BFLUTS and KHQ both had domains in which the internal consistency was <0.7. The SSI domain of the SSI/SII was the only domain to correlate to the 1‐hr pad test. All domains of the SSI/SII were able to distinguish those cured from not cured and it was most responsive to change. Unlike the KHQ, the SSI/SII had no significant ceiling or floor effects.ConclusionsThis study has demonstrated that when instruments are used in different populations their psychometric properties may change. All three instruments analyzed had limitations when used as an outcome measure for surgery for stress urinary incontinence. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical usefulness of urodynamic assessment for maintenance of bladder function in patients with spinal cord injury
Authors: Nosseir Michael , Hinkel Andreas , Pannek Jürgen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAimsThe vast majority of spinal cord lesions cause neurogenic bladder disorders. Detrusor hyperreflexia presents a major risk factor for renal damage in these patients. We evaluated the long‐term results of patients with spinal cord injury treated at our institution.MethodsEighty spinal cord injury patients (60 male, 20 female; mean age 29.6 years) with at least one follow‐up visit a year for a minimum of five consecutive years, were included in this retrospective analysis. Follow‐up included urodynamic evaluation, sonography of the upper and lower urinary tract, urine examination, and evaluation of renal function. Treatment modifications were based on the urodynamic findings.ResultsMean follow‐up was 67.3 months (range 60–103 months). At initial presentation, 51 patients performed intermittent catheterization, 7 had indwelling catheters, 10 utilized reflex voiding, 2 patients presented with a Brindley stimulator, 10 patients used abdominal straining. At the end of our study, no patient had signs of renal damage. To achieve that goal, 8 patients underwent sphincterotomy, 3 received a Brindley stimulator, 3 underwent bladder augmentation, one Kock pouch was performed, and 12 patients were treated with botulinum‐A‐toxin injections in the detrusor. Twenty‐two patients received intravesical anticholinergic therapy. In merely three patients, treatment was not modified during the entire follow‐up.ConclusionsIn the long term, treatment strategy of neurogenic bladder dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury had to be modified in almost all patients. 18.8% underwent surgery. For protection of the upper urinary tract and maintenance of continence, regular urodynamic follow‐up is warranted. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:228–233, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An interior point Newton‐like method for non‐negative least‐squares problems with degenerate solution
Authors: Bellavia Stefania , Macconi Maria , Morini Benedetta 
Published: September 2006

AbstractAn interior point approach for medium and large non‐negative linear least‐squares problems is proposed. Global and locally quadratic convergence is shown even if a degenerate solution is approached. Viable approaches for implementation are discussed and numerical results are provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pig exploitation in the southern Kanto region, Japan
Authors: Anezaki T. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThis study investigates changes in past human and animal relationships by focusing on pig (Sus scrofa) remains excavated from archaeological sites in southern Kanto, Japan. Pigs and humans have had a close relationship since prehistoric times and the process of change in this relationship, including possible domestication, is one of the major issues in Japanese zooarchaeology. This study attempts to gain a better understanding of the nature of past interaction between humans and pigs by investigating their relative importance compared with other vertebrate remains, kill‐off patterns, and changes in their size and shape at these sites.The materials used for this study date from the Earliest to Final Jomon (ca. 10,000–2500 BP), Yayoi (ca. 2500–1700 BP) and Kofun (ca. 1700–1300 BP) periods. The relative proportions of pigs were calculated to show the overall trend of pig exploitation in each site. Age at death was obtained based on the state of tooth eruption. Bucco‐lingual crown measurements were taken on the third and fourth premolars and on each cusp of the first and second molars of the mandible, and the logarithmic ratio technique was then applied to these data.The age structure of Sus varies between different sites in the Jomon Period, and significant changes were observed in the Yayoi and Kofun Periods. A decrease in the relative proportion of pigs in the faunal assemblages was observed from Jomon to Kofun. Three major differences were observed in the size of pigs. The overall size of pigs significantly increased from Early to Middle Jomon, whilst a decrease in size occurred in the Yayoi Period. Finally, overall size increased significantly during the Kofun Period. Together with the archaeological evidence—such as the ritual burial of pigs accompanying human burial—we suggest that the interaction between pigs and humans became gradually stronger at some sites during the Late Jomon Period, and the relationship intensified in the Yayoi Period. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Childhood trauma in several populations from the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Jiménez‐Brobeil S. A. , Al Oumaoui I. , du Souich Ph. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA study was conducted on a collection of 123 juvenile skeletons from various sites dating to the Bronze Age (Argar culture) and from the medieval cemeteries of La Torrecilla, Villanueva de Soportilla and San Baudelio, all in the Iberian Peninsula. No cranial trauma was observed. However, four postcranial fractures were found, including three from Castellón Alto, a typical Argaric village of some urban complexity built on steep terraces in high and rugged terrain. The combination of a hazardous environment and a climate that encourages outdoor play may explain the relatively high frequency of childhood trauma in the burials from the Argar culture. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.