bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical trial of tolerability, safety and immunogenicity of influenza inactivated split-vaccine Flu-M in children aged 6 to 17 years
Authors: Korolyuk A. M. , Kraeva V. N. , Zazimko L. A. , Koromzin Yu. A. , Ruzanova E. A. , Savina N. N. , Ryskova E. V. 
Published: April 2024

Purpose. To evaluate the tolerability, safety and immunogenicity of influenza inactivated split flu vaccine Flu-M during single immunization of children aged 6 to 17 years.Materials and methods. A multicentre double-blind comparative randomised clinical trial of influenza inactivated split vaccine Flu-M for immunisation of children aged 6 to 17 years (the reference agent – Ultrix vaccine) was conducted. Children aged 12 to 17 years inclusive (300 children) were studied at stage I, and children aged 6 to 12 years (300 children) at stage II. Volunteers of each age category were randomised 1:1 into 2 groups comparable in sex and age, one was vaccinated with Flu-M vaccine and the other with Ultrix vaccine. The follow-up, including various laboratory and clinical tests, lasted for 28 days from the time of vaccination.Results. Both vaccines were well tolerated by children aged 12 to 17 years and by children aged 6 to 12 years. There were no severe or serious adverse events. By all criteria of immunogenicity evaluation, vaccine Flu-M was not inferior to the comparison vaccine Ultrix.Conclusion. Influenza inactivated split Flu-M vaccine produced by SPbNIIVS is approved for use for specific prophylaxis of influenza in children aged 6 to 17 years in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Belarus, Latin America and the Caribbean.The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials. gov (NCT 05317767).
HIV-infection in the arctic zone of the republic of Sakha (Yakutia): status, challenges and prospects
Authors: Zolotareva A. G. , Sleptsova S. S. , Sleptsov S. S. , Burtseva T. E. 
Published: April 2024

The stable increase in morbidity and mortality of the population of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from causes related to HIV infection indicates an unfavorable epidemiological situation in the region. Especially it affects industrial areas and large settlements of Yakutia. In the near future, an increase in the number of HIV-infected patients in the republic is expected, which is alarming. The HIV epidemiological situation is aggravated by the unequal distribution within the region with extremal environmental conditions and underdeveloped transport infrastructure. All this makes it much more difficult to provide medical care to this category of people, some of whom later move outside the territory of the Republic.Aim: Improvement of effective preventive measures and organization of medical care in the Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) based on the analysis of morbidity and mortality from HIV infection.Materials and methods: The materials of official statistics of the Department of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in RS(Ya) and data from official governmental medical reports (forms № 61 and № 4) were used in the work.Results: The number of HIV-infected people on the territory of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), including in the Arctic regions, is growing in recent years. Thus, from 1998 to 2022, 77 new cases of HIV infection were detected in the Arctic regions, more than half of which (54.5%) were registered in the period from 2016 to 2022. The tendency of growth of the indigenous population affected by HIV infection, including in remote areas of the region, that dictates the need for mandatory HIV screening of all persons arriving for shift work both from neighboring countries and from other regions of the Russian Federation.Conclusion: Preventive measures, HIV testing and organization of medical care are the basis for effective fight against this disease, especially in remote Arctic regions of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).
TORTOR BALANG SAHUA SIMALUNGUN KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA
Authors: Sipayung Finny Ermawati , Nugrahaningsih Ruth Hertami Dyah 
Published: April 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kajian semiotika (tanda, penanda, dan petanda) yang terdapat dalam gerak dan busana Tortor Balang Sahua pada masyarakat Simalungun. Tortor Balang Sahua merupakan tari tradisi kerakyatan yang berasal dari Kabupaten Simalungun. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Ferdinand de Saussure dalam Amrin, Khairil, Zulkifli, dkk (2021:62) mengartikan semiotika adalah ilmu yang mengkaji dan mempelajari peran dari tanda di mana ruang lingkup semiotika dibagi dua yaitu penanda (Signifier) dan petanda (Signifield). Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian deskriptif melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Populasi dan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah dua orang seniman Simalungun yang berada di Sanggar Sayur Matua. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada tujuh motif gerak dalam Tortor Balang Sahua yaitu sombah, habang, patuduhkon arah, mandoppak hutoruh, manjaga diri, manganhon sipanganon, tinggalak. Busana yang digunakan dalam Tortor Balang Sahua adalah baju dan celana hitam, suri-suri sibirong dan gotong parhorja. Iringan musik pada Tortor Balang Sahua adalah gual imbou manibung. Adapun semiotika yang terdapat dalam Tortor Balang Sahua yang dituangkan melalui tanda diwujudkan dalam simbol gerak, penanda merupakan lambang yang berbunyi dan memberi makna, sedangkan petanda merupakan penjelasan makna yang dihasilkan oleh penanda.
Egyptský Národní dialog
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Hanzlová Karolína 
Published: April 2024

In the April this year Egyptian president has called for a formation of a National Dialogue. According to his words, it supposed to be a platform for a free discussion of all political parties and movements. Challenges that this country is facing supposed to be a subject to these discussions. Since the begining of its existence, the operation of this platform is linked to more than one controversy and the doubts has not been clarified yet. This contribution presents the particularities related to the formation and organization of the dialogue, together with newest information and expectable acitivities of the Dialogue, and reflects the consequences of its formation and potential outcomes.
Přechod pravomocí prezidenta republiky aneb je třeba obnovit funkci náměstka prezidenta?
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Hoda Dominik 
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the transfer of the powers of the President of the Republic to the Prime Minister, the Speaker of the Chamber of Deputies and the President of the Senate in the event that the Chamber of Deputies is dissolved. It deals with the conditions and situations in which the powers of the President of the Republic are transferred. The article also points out the incompleteness of the concept of compelling reasons, which provides a wide margin of discretion as to whether there are indeed compelling reasons why the President of the Republic cannot exercise his office. It further discusses the proceedings before the Constitutional Court, which not only provides protection to the President of the Republic against the arbitrariness of the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate, but also protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of the person of the President of the Republic. It then examines the situation in which the President of the Republic would be unable to exercise his office for a prolonged period of time, in the order of months or years, and develops a reflection on whether it would be relevant to restore the office of Deputy President, which was regulated by the Czechoslovak constitutions of 1920 and 1948, in order to avoid overwhelming the constitutional officials. However, this institution seems somewhat impractical and would ultimately require an amendment to the Constitution. A more feasible solution would be to adopt legislation that would clarify the uncertainties in the issue and thus ensure stronger protection of the democratic rule of law.
Trestnoprávne aspekty trestného činu ohovárania a úvahy de lege ferenda
Authors:   Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Právnická fakulta, Karman Marcela 
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the current legal regulation of the crime of defamation and the sanctions that, according to the current legal regulation, can be imposed on the perpetrator for this crime. These are punishments associated with imprisonment. The article further discusses the proposal to amend the Criminal Code, which was recently submitted to the interdepartmental comment procedure. The amendment in question should result in the abolition of imprisonment as a universal punishment, when, among other things, in accordance with the principles of restorative justice, the court will not be able to impose a punishment associated with imprisonment for the crime of defamation. The proposer of the amendment to the Criminal Code proposed a new wording of the crime of slander, for the commission of which the court will impose a penalty not connected with imprisonment. The amendment to the law also waives the definition of a criminal offense as a threatening punishment. The article further deals with the possibility of the complete exclusion of punishment for the behavior defined in this criminal offense by means of criminal law, also with reference to EU positions and ECtHR decisions.
Alternatívne tresty, trest zákazu účasti na verejných podujatiach
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Klátik Jaroslav , Michalko Jozef , Hlaváčová Marta 
Published: April 2024

Alternative punishments represent an alternative to an unconditional prison sentence, as they are not associated with the deprivation and limitation of personal freedom in a prison or other penitentiary facility. When an alternative sentence is imposed, the convicted person remains at liberty, which not only does not limit the personal freedom of the convicted person placed in the institution for the execution of the sentence, but also restricts other rights. When an alternative sentence is imposed, family, social and economic ties are not broken and the convicted person is not torn from ordinary life, as is the case when an unconditional prison sentence is imposed and served. One of the alternative punishments is a ban on participation in public events, which can be imposed on the perpetrator of a special crime committed in connection with participation in public events. Due to the specific level of participation in public events, as well as the fact that this ban of all punishments is limited to public events of the most recent and youngest punishments, this is the least punishment imposed.
Ochrana oznamovateľov protispoločenskej činnosti
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Kšenžighová Aneta , Ušiaková Lenka ,   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici
Published: April 2024

Whistleblowing, representing the reporting of anti-social activity and unfair practices that occur in connection with the work of whistleblowers, is an increasingly frequent topic. The protection of whistleblowers is considered an effective means of combating corruption and other undesirable behaviour that is contrary to the public interest. The article deals with the effectiveness of the protection provided by the whistleblower of anti-social activity, with a focus on entities that are obliged to create effective means for reporting it and protecting the whistleblower. At the same time, the paper points out the shortcomings of the current legal regulation of the Act on the Protection of Whistleblowers of Anti-Social Activities and offers proposals de lege ferenda.
Neoprávnené nakladanie s odpadmi v československej komparácii
Authors:   Katedra trestného práva a kriminológie Právnickej fakulty Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave, Lévai Mikuláš 
Published: April 2024

This article compares the legal treatment of unauthorised waste management in criminal law. The author highlights the key differences between the offences and demonstrates by statistical measurement how these differences manifest themselves in practice. The reason for such comparison is the general prosecutor's of Slovak republic practice in some of the decisions he has made in the context of extraordinary remedy proceedings.
Integrace kapitálových trhů prostřednictvím změny zákona o bankách
Authors:   University of West Bohemia, Novotný Jiří 
Published: April 2024

This article deals with the amendment to the Act on Banks of the Czech Republic, which was adopted in connection with the implementation of the EU‘s goal of creating a capital markets union. The Capital Markets Union is a project of the Union to create a single capital market, through which the investments and savings of households and businesses will offer new sources of financing for businesses across Member States and reduce the cost of raising capital. By repeatedly amending the Act on Banks, the Parliament of the Czech Republic responded to EU regulations issued in 2019, when, through the Act on Banks, it in particular removed the provisions of the national law of the Czech Republic, which provided for a different procedure when offering investment services to professional customers by foreign banks, or authorized financial institutions. Based on this amendment to the Act on Banks of the Czech Republic, a foreign bank or an authorized financial institution will be able to provide investment services to professional customers on a permanent basis, even without establishing a branch in the territory of the Czech Republic.
Vztah mezi nepoložením předběžné otázky Soudnímu dvoru Evropské unie a porušením práva na účinnou soudní ochranu v právu EU
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Rampas Jan 
Published: April 2024

This article focuses on the evaluation of the current state of the EU regulation of the responsibility of a member state for damage caused by the violation of the obligation to refer a preliminary question to the Court of Justice of the European Union according to Article 267 paragraph 3 of the TFEU. In addition to evaluating the current legislation, it also analyzes the practical applicability of the so-called Köbler doctrine and comes up with suggestions on how to increase its usability and effectiveness. This is primarily because, in the author‘s opinion, the failure to refer a preliminary question by a Court of a member state, among other things, also constitutes a violation of the right to effective judicial protection (as one of the general legal principles that are part of primary EU law) in relation to participants in national court proceedings. This article presents options for streamlining the decision-making process of the national court on whether or not to refer a preliminary question in relation to the success of later recovery of damages by an individual according to the Köbler doctrine. This is done with the help of a comparative analysis of primary EU law, relevant jurisprudence of the Court of Justice and the European Court of Human Rights. The aim of the thesis is to describe the procedure for applying the responsibility of a member state for damage caused to individuals in cases where a violation of EU law results from the decision of a court of a member state, which decides in the last instance, specifically in the event that a preliminary question is not submitted to the Court of Justice by this court, and further to outline the possibilities for the full effectiveness of this institute in practice, taking into account current jurisprudential developments within the EU.
Inštitút neodkladného opatrenia v civilnom procese
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Smolková Simona , Dzimko Jakub ,   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici
Published: April 2024

The institution of an urgent measure is a rapid, efficient and effective instrument for protecting the personal rights of the claimant (in litigation proceedings) or the plaintiff (in non-contentious proceedings) whose subjective rights are violated or threatened. In the present paper, the authors provide an analysis of the institution of urgent measures and a comparison of the differences between urgent measures ordered in contentious and non-contentious proceedings, emphasising the relationship between those mentioned above civil procedural codes. However, the authors also do not omit the prerequisites or conditions for ordering an interim measure and the court‘s procedural procedure when deciding whether or not to call a temporary measure.
Výzvy úředních osob – charakteristika, možnosti obrany a přestupky jejich neuposlechnutí
Authors:   Katedra správní vědy a správního práva Právnické fakulty Masarykovy univerzity, Šašek Michal 
Published: April 2024

Persons in authority are allowed to issue a command, which is binding for the addressee. In the case of failure to comply with the command, it may be qualified as an offense of disobeying the command of an official. This conference paper focuses on the characteristics of commands of official persons, their legal regulation and liability aspects of disobeying these commands. Often, the procedural defense of offenders consists in referring to the illegality of the official person‘s commands, which was therefore not obeyed by them. However, according to the view of the Constitutional Court, the addressees of the commands (except for obvious excesses) are obliged to obey the invitations even in the event of their conflict with the legal regulation. For this reason, the paper has also focused on the possibilities of defense against official persnon’s commands issued in violation of the applicable legislation.
Některá specifika prozatímního provádění smíšených dohod
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Šinková Barbara 
Published: April 2024

For several decades, the European Union has used the mechanism of provisional application of international treaties as enshrined in Article 25 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties and Public International Law. It is used for the purpose of early application of mixed agreements. Mixed agreements are agreements concluded jointly by the Member States of the European Union and the European Union, on the one hand, and third States or international organisations, on the other. Given that the Member States are parties to mixed agreements, they must ratify these agreements in accordance with their national law in order for them to enter into force. In some cases, therefore, the entry into force of a mixed agreement may take up to several years. Provisional application serves a crucial purpose by acting as a mechanism that speeds up the application of the mixed agreements (or parts thereof) as opposed to when the agreement in question could only be applied after its entry into force (after ratification by Member States). The paper first briefly analyses how the provisional application of mixed agreements works. It then focuses on some of the specificities of the provisional application of these agreements, which distinguish it from the provisional application of other international treaties to which the European Union is not a party. In particular, it deals with the issue of the initiation of provisional application of mixed agreements and the determination of its scope.
Osobitosti korupcie a korupčných vzťahov v zdravotníctve
Authors:   Panevropská vysoká škola, Fakulta práva, Tesla Tony 
Published: April 2024

The presented treatment deals with the issue of corruption in the healthcare sector. It points to the peculiarities of this area and the sensitivity of the issue of life and health protection. These factors also determine the often lack of interest in reporting corruption in the healthcare sector, participating in its solution or reporting and cooperating with official state agencies. It is a fact that the protection of life and health in the provision of health care is not the only aspect or looking at corruption in the healthcare sector. Likewise, several relationships that arise in this area are problematic. In a very simple way, corrupt practices are perceived as bribes by perpetrators to doctors and health workers. However, this relationship is not the only one, and although it is a typical model of condemned corruption, there are significantly more relationships in which corrupt practices appear. It is on the one hand the relationship of patients and doctors towards pharmaceutical companies, in connection with drugs and medicines, in connection with receiving patients, treatment and spa treatment, and the like. Although these aspects are not discussed, they form an essential part of the complex of corruption in the healthcare sector, and it is also necessary to take into account these areas when formulating measures aimed at solving corrupt relationships, and preventive and repressive tools for solving corruption in the healthcare sector must also be focused on these areas.
Význam dokazovania v konaní pred súdom
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici, Gandžalová Daniela 
Published: April 2024

Taking evidence is a kind of cognitive process in which the court establishes the factual and legal basis of the dispute. In the civil process the object of knowledge is defined by the aim and purpose determined by the process itself. In the paper, we try to highlight the importance of taking evidence in the civil process, while taking into account the differentiation of the civil process and with a particular focus on fact-finding, as a reliable and complete basis for a correct and fair decision in a case.
Možnosti a meze zavedení hromadných žalob do českého civilního prostředí
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Úlehlová Simona 
Published: April 2024

The introduction of class actions as a typical common law institute into the Czech legal environment raises a number of doubts among theorists and practitioners of the legal community, a certain wave of criticism, but also a lot of conceptual questions. The contribution deals with the most important question, whether this procedural tool originating from a different legal environment, has its place in our legal system, and especially whether it can be effectively used in practice. Its goal is to give an unconventional view of this question and to answer it through the theoretical-legal definition of the very possibility of the transfer of a given institute from one legal system to another, i.e. with the help of the so-called theory of legal transplants. Although class actions are an institute of the civil procedural law (within the continental legal system), the following contribution is on the border between comparative law and procedural law. For while the reception of Roman law in Europe has been a subject of scientific studies for more than a century, the question of legal transplants or reception as a general phenomenon has only been in the sights of scientific projects since the 1970s, while this topic is mostly the subject of comparative law.
Články o odpovědnosti států za mezinárodně protiprávní jednání – a co dál?
Authors:   Právnická fakulta Univerzity Karlovy, Zukal Marek 
Published: April 2024

In 2022, the UN General Assembly Sixth Committee considered the Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts for the 8th time. There was a strong push by some States to proceed to codify these Articles into an international treaty. Other States opposed this, as they believed the Articles could best serve the international community in their current form. After lengthy negotiations, the Sixth Committee agreed on a resolution not prejudging future action on the Articles and decided that it would revert to the topic during the 80th session of the UN General Assembly in 2025.