bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prothrombotic effect of prostasomes of metastatic cell and seminal origin
Authors: Babiker Adil A. , Hamad Osama A. , Sanchez Javier , Ronquist Gunnar , Nilsson Bo , Ekdahl Kristina Nilsson 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDProstasomes are secretory granules produced by the glandular epithelial cells of the prostate. Seminal prostasomes contain high amounts of Tissue Factor (TF) but no studies of TF on malignant cell prostasomes have been made. Here we compare the expression, phosphorylation, and function of TF on prostasomes of different origin.METHODSTF was detected on prostasomes isolated from seminal fluid and human prostate cancer cell lines (PC‐3, DU145, and LNCaP) using FACS and enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Incubation of prostasomes with radioactive ATP under conditions favoring protein kinase A activity led to phosphorylation of TF as detected by immunoprecipitation and SDS–PAGE. The prothrombotic effect of prostasomes was investigated in whole blood and recalcified plasma. Blocking experiments were performed using anti‐TF antibodies and corn trypsin inhibitor.RESULTSTF was expressed on all tested prostasome preparations with lowest values found for seminal ones. Prostasomal TF was the main endogenous substrate for prostasomal protein kinase A. All tested prostasome preparations greatly enhanced the rate of clot formation in a dose‐dependent fashion, that is, the clotting capability of prostasomes seemed to be related to the extent of their expression of TF. In addition, the density of the clot varied between different prostasome preparations. When incubated in whole blood, prostasomes were found to associate to WBC thereby inducing them to express and release TF.CONCLUSIONSThese data show that TF is overexpressed and also subjected to phosphorylation by malignant cell prostasomes. This suggests major roles for prostasomes in thrombotic events that occur in some advanced cases of prostate cancer. Prostate 67: 378–388, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid, non‐destructive, cell‐based screening assays for agents that modulate growth, death, and androgen receptor activation in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Tavassoli Peyman , Snoek Rob , Ray Mira , Rao Leticia Gomez , Rennie Paul S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe developed non‐invasive, cell‐based screening assays to rapidly and biologically assess factors that modulate prostate cancer growth and affect androgen receptor (AR) activity.METHODSLNCaP cells, which stably express enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) either constitutively or upon AR activation, were treated with a variety of agents, and then monitored by fluorescence and MTS assays for dose‐dependent changes in cell number and AR activity.RESULTSThe assays were validated for rapid, fluorescence‐based, quantitative measurement for the presence of growth and AR modulators. Using these assays, we found that osteoblast conditioned media (CM) enhanced prostate cancer cell growth, but not AR activity. After priming with androgen (<1 nM R1881), forskolin or the pesticide dichlorvos enhanced AR activation, whereas interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) inhibited it.CONCLUSIONThese non‐destructive, cell‐based assays enable rapid systematic monitoring of the effects of drugs or complex mixtures on prostate cancer cell growth and/or AR activity. Prostate 67: 416–426, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gain of chromosome X in prostatic atrophy detected by CGH and FISH analyses
Authors: Yildiz‐Sezer Seval , Verdorfer Irmgard , Schäfer Georg , Rogatsch Hermann , Bartsch Georg , Mikuz Gregor 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDFocal atrophy is presumed to be an indirect forerunner of prostate cancer. The aim of this study was to examine genetic alterations in prostate epithelia deriving from atrophic areas and compare these findings with those of cells deriving from paired prostate cancer in the same patient.METHODSFormalin fixed paraffin wax‐embedded prostatectomy specimens from 20 prostate cancer patients were utilized in this study. Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH) was performed on atrophic areas. To validate the CGH results, Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization (FISH) analysis was performed on atrophic areas and paired cancer tissue.RESULTSGain of the whole chromosome X was found as sole aberration in seven (70%) atrophic tissues by CGH. A gain of centromere X was observed in 13 (68.4%) atrophic areas and in 18 (90%) cancer tissues using FISH.CONCLUSIONSOur investigation reconfirms the genetical instability of cells of the atrophic acini and attention of relevance of gain of chromosome X in atrophic areas. Prostate 67: 433–438, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Control of GaAs‐MESFET breakdown voltage by Shannon implantation
Authors: Kumar Y. , Sarkar S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe dependence of GaAs‐MESFET gate‐drain breakdown voltage on gate‐Schottky barrier enhancement by Shannon‐implantation is analyzed. The analytical results show that the breakdown voltage can be increased by increasing the Shannon‐implant dose. However, the tolerable limit of hole accumulation under the gate does not allow the breakdown voltage to be increased beyond a certain limit. The breakdown voltage limit is higher for a channel of lighter doping. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tunneling currents through lightly nitride silicon dioxide/oxide stacks
Authors: Mao L. F. , Wang Z. O. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOxynitride has been used to decrease leakage current of thin film SiO2. Combining with the band structures obtained from first‐principles simulations, tunneling currents through SiO2/silicon oxynitride stacks were calculated. SiO2/silicon oxynitride stacks can reduce leakage current at low oxide field but will fail at higher field. The threshold oxide field, which means that SiO2/silicon oxynitride stacks can not reduce the tunneling current when oxide field is higher than it, decreases with increased nitrogen concentration while the effective oxide thickness remains constant. Direct tunneling and defect‐assisted tunneling will be dominant for lower and higher nitrogen atom concentrations, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Thermoluminescence dosimetric properties of LiAlSiO4 and LiAlSi10O22 synthesized by sol–gel method
Authors: Gómez‐Ros J. M. , Correcher V. , Sánchez‐Muñoz L. , García‐Guinea J. , Delgado A. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe present work reports a phenomenological description of the thermoluminescence (TL) emissions of both annealed and non‐annealed samples of synthetic LiAlSiO4 and LiAlSi10O22, measured in the UV‐blue region of the spectrum. A glow curve fitting programme based on general order kinetics has been used to characterise the TL glow curve structure and its dependence with the absorbed dose in the range from 0.5 to 5 Gy, both in prompt and high‐temperature annealed samples. A good reproducibility and nearly linear dose dependence have been found in the peaks of the analysed TL curves. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electrical transport in Mn‐doped GaAs pn‐diodes
Authors: Holmberg H. , Lebedeva N. , Novikov S. , Kuivalainen P. , Malfait M. , Moshchalkov V. V. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe have studied the effect of magnetic ordering on the electrical transport in magnetic GaAs diodes. The fabricated pn‐junctions consist of Mn‐doped ferromagnetic layers on top of non‐magnetic semiconductor substrates. First the electrical and magnetic properties of the magnetic layers are investigated, which shows that the exchange interaction between the charge carriers and the localized magnetic moments of the Mn‐atoms dominates the charge transport at temperatures close to the Curie temperature. In the Gax Mn1–x As/GaAs‐p++n++‐junctions having heavily doped p‐ and n‐regions, the inter‐band tunnelling current shows large dependence on the magnetic ordering. The spin‐dependent tunnelling can be explained by a model, where the density of valence band states decreases due to the band splitting caused by the exchange interaction. From the measured decrease of the tunnelling current we estimated the value for the exchange parameter $ J^{\rm pd}_{\rm exch} $ = 2.9 eV. Various explanations for the absence of magnetoresistance in the magnetic diodes with lightly doped non‐magnetic regions are discussed. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Scintillation and luminescence properties of Ce3+ doped ternary cesium rare‐earth halides
Authors: Birowosuto M. D. , Dorenbos P. , van Eijk C. W. E. , Krämer K. W. , Güdel H. U. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe scintillation properties of Ce3+ doped ternary cesium rare‐earth halides are reported. We investigated Cs3Lu2I9:Ce3+, Cs3Gd2I9:Ce3+, Cs3LaBr6:Ce3+ and Cs3LuI6:Ce3+. Cs3Lu2I9:Ce3+ and Cs3LaBr6:Ce3+ exhibit the highest light yields under γ‐ray excitation of 22800 ± 2300 and 10400 ± 1000 photons per MeV of absorbed γ‐ray energy, respectively. Optical spectroscopy and scintillation decay time curves of these compounds are presented. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hammett MSP and Taft DSP analysis of substituent effects on Mulliken charges of 1‐(arylmethylene)‐1H‐cyclopropanaphthalene
Authors: Hashem Essa Ali 
Published: January 2007

AbstractDensity functional theory (DFT) method is used to investigate the effects of a variety of substituents (N(CH3)2, OCH3, CH3,Br, H, F, CN, and NO2) on Mulliken charge (QM) for C‐α and C‐β of 1‐(Arylmethylene)‐1H‐cyclopropanaphthalene using Hammett's mono substituent parameter (MSP) and Taft's dual substituent parameter (DSP) models. The Hammett's model approach gave statistically more significant results than the Taft's model for both carbons atoms. For the C‐α atom a reverse substituent effect was observed and attributed to localized π‐polarization. On the other hand, the MSP and DSP for the C‐β atom showed normal substituent effect. The λ value at the C‐α, explain that the resonance effects more contribution than inductive effects. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2007
Direct identification of proteins from T47D cells and murine brain tissue by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization post‐source decay/collision‐induced dissociation
Authors: Pevsner Paul H. , Naftolin Frederick , Hillman Dean E. , Miller Douglas C. , Fadiel Ahmed , Kogus Alexander , Stern Arnold , Samuels Herbert H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of the direct matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) identification of proteins in fixed T47D breast cancer cells and murine brain tissues. The ability to identify proteins from cells and tissue may lead to biomarkers that effectively predict the onset of defined disease states, and their dynamic behavior could be an important hint for drug target discoveries. Direct tissue application of trypsin allows protein identification in cells and tissues, while maintaining spatial integrity and intracellular organization. Using a chemical printer, matrix was co‐registered on trypsinized human T47D breast cancer cells and cryo‐preserved sections of murine brain tissue, followed by MALDI post‐source decay (PSD) or MALDI collision‐induced dissociation (CID), respectively. Mass‐to‐charge (m/z) data from the cells and brain tissues were processed using Mascot© software interrogation of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Histone H2B was identified from cultured T47D human breast cancer cells. Tubulin β2 was identified from mouse brain cortex following an induced stroke. These results suggest that MALDI PSD/CID, combined with bioinformatics, can be used for the direct identification of proteins from cells and tissues. Refinements in preparation techniques may improve this approach to provide a tool for quantitative proteomics and clinical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Q‐Learning‐based method applied to stochastic resource constrained project scheduling with new project arrivals
Authors: Choi Jaein , Realff Matthew J. , Lee Jay H. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn many resource‐constrained project scheduling problems (RCPSP), the set of candidate projects is not fixed a priori but evolves with time. For example, while performing an initial set of projects according to a certain decision policy, a new promising project can emerge. To make an appropriate resource allocation decision for such a problem, project cancellation and resource idling decisions should complement the conventional scheduling decisions. In this study, the problem of stochastic RCPSP (sRCPSP) with dynamic project arrivals is addressed with the added flexibility of project cancellation and resource idling. To solve the problem, a Q‐Learning‐based approach is adopted. To use the approach, the problem is formulated as a Markov Decision Process with appropriate definitions of states, including information state and action variables. The Q‐Learning approach enables us to derive an empirical state transition rules from simulation data so that analytical calculations of potentially exorbitantly complicated state transition rules can be circumvented. To maximize the advantage of using the empirically learned state transition rules, special type of actions including project cancellation and resource idling, which are difficult to incorporate into heuristics, were randomly added in the simulation. The random actions are filtered during the Q‐Value iteration and properly utilized in the online decision making to maximize the total expected reward. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preoperative Chemotherapy and the Outcome of Liver Resection for Colorectal Metastases
Authors: Hewes J. C. , Dighe S. , Morris R. W. , Hutchins R. R. , Bhattacharya S. , Davidson B. R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundNeoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy is being increasingly used prior to liver resection for colorectal metastases. Oxaliplatin has been implicated in causing structural changes to the liver parenchyma, and such changes may increase the morbidity and mortality of surgery.Patients and MethodsA retrospective study was undertaken of 101 consecutive patients who had undergone liver resection for colorectal metastases in two HPB centers. Preoperative demographic and premorbid data were gathered along with liver function tests and tumor markers. A subjective assessment of the surgical procedure was noted, and in‐hospital morbidity and mortality were calculated. The effect of preoperative chemotherapy on short‐term and long‐term outcome was analyzed, and actuarial 1 and 3 year survival was determined.ResultsPatients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy had a higher number of metastases (median 2, range 1–8 versus median 1, range 1–5; P = 0.019) and more had synchronous tumors (24 patients versus 8; P < 0.001). Overall morbidity was 37% and hospital mortality was 3.9%. Operative and in‐hospital outcome was not influenced by chemotherapy. Long‐term survival was worse in patients who had received preoperative chemotherapy (actuarial 3‐year survival 62% versus 80%; P = 0.04).ConclusionsThis study shows no evidence that neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and in particular oxaliplatin, increases the risk associated with liver resection for colorectal metastases. Long‐term outcome is reduced in patients receiving preoperative chemotherapy, although they have more advanced disease.
Impact of Obesity on Outcome and Changes in Quality of Life After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
Authors: Järvinen Otso , Julkunen Juhani , Tarkka Matti R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundAn increasing proportion of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are obese and are thought to carry a higher mortality and morbidity in association with surgery, but data on whether health‐related quality of life (QOL) improves similarly after CABG in obese and non‐obese patients are limited. We assessed in detail the effect of obesity on changes in health‐related QOL (RAND‐36 Health Survey) during the first year following CABG.MethodsComprehensive data on 508 CABG patients were prospectively collected. One hundred patients (19.7%) were categorized as obese (body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2). The RAND‐36 Health Survey was used as an indicator of quality of life. Assessments were made preoperatively and repeated 12 months later.ResultsThe obese group fared significantly worse than the non‐obese group with regard to the likelihood of superficial wound infection (19.0% versus 7.1%, P < 0.001), impaired renal function (31.7% versus 14.4%, P = 0.01), and required on average 2 days longer in hospital (P < 0.05). The incidence of mediastinitis was not significantly higher among the obese patients (2.0% versus 1.2%, P = 0.55), and they less frequently needed postoperative red cell transfusions (29.0% versus 44.9%, P = 0.004). The obese improved significantly (P < 0.001) in 7, and the non‐obese (P < 0.001) in all 8 RAND‐36 dimensions. Physical Component Summary and Mental Component Summary scores on the RAND‐36 improved significantly (P < 0.001) in obese as well as in non‐obese patients.ConclusionsAlthough obese patients differ from non‐obese patients in that they had inferior QOL before and in the year following CABG, they gain a similar improvement in QOL 1 year after surgery compared with non‐obese patients. Excluding superficial wound infection, transient impaired renal function, and slightly longer hospital stay, obesity does not significantly increase the risk of other adverse outcomes during the first year following CABG.
Critical Appraisal on the Role and Outcome of Emergency Colectomy for Uncomplicated Right‐sided Colonic Diverticulitis
Authors: Leung Wing‐Wa , Lee Janet FY , Liu Shirley YW , Mou Jennifer WC , Ng Simon SM , Yiu Raymond YC , Li Jimmy CM 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundEmergency colectomy is well accepted for treating complicated right‐sided colonic diverticulitis. However, the role of colectomy for uncomplicated diverticulitis is not well defined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the short‐term and long‐term surgical outcome of uncomplicated right‐sided diverticulitis in our locality.Patients and MethodsRetrospective chart review of patients operated for right‐sided diverticulitis over a 20‐year period was conducted. Recurrent attacks of right‐sided diverticulitis, re‐operation rate and re‐hospitalisation rate were the long‐term parameters of interest. An updated telephone interview was carried out for all surviving patients.ResultsSeventy‐four patients (35 males and 39 females), median age 35.5 (range 16–70) years, were operated for uncomplicated diverticulitis. Thirty patients underwent colectomy, whereas the others underwent appendectomy with diverticulectomy (n = 8) or appendectomy alone (n = 36). All short‐term parameters were less favourable for the colectomy group, including higher complication rate, slower return of gastrointestinal function, higher requirement of parenteral analgesic and longer hospital stay. Without colectomy, only 2 patients developed recurrent diverticulitis necessitating hospitalisation, both of whom resolved on conservative treatment. On the other hand, 1 patient required re‐operation after colectomy because of intestinal obstruction. The overall re‐hospitalisation rate was comparable between the colectomy and the non‐colectomy group (16.7% vs. 13.6%).ConclusionsEmergency colectomy can eradicate suspicious lesions and eliminate risk of recurrent diverticulitis but at the expense of higher morbidity rates. As the natural course of uncomplicated right‐sided colonic diverticulitis is usually benign, conservative treatment with minimal surgery may be a better therapeutic option.
Clinical Significance of Large Tenascin‐C Spliced Variant as a Potential Biomarker for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Takeda Akihiko , Otani Yoshihide , Iseki Hiroyoshi , Takeuchi Hideki , Aikawa Kimiyasu , Tabuchi Satoru , Shinozuka Nozomi , Saeki Toshiaki , Okazaki Yasushi , Koyama Isamu 
Published: January 2007

AbstractBackgroundTenascin‐C is an extracellular matrix protein forming various types of spliced variants. Low molecule variants are transiently present, but large spliced variants are predominantly overexpressed in proliferative processes or tumorigenesis in some varieties of cancer. However, the detection of the plasma level of large tenascin‐C spliced variant (L‐Tn‐CSV) in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been clarified. This study was performed to validate elevated plasma L‐Tn‐CSV levels as a possible biomarker for CRC.Materials and MethodsPlasma samples were obtained before resection and from time to time postoperatively and stored at −80°C until assay. Plasma L‐Tn‐CSV levels were evaluated in patients with primary (n = 162) and with recurrent (n = 20) CRC, including 48 healthy volunteers, measured by ELISA.ResultsThe average plasma L‐Tn‐CSV concentrations of patients with primary CRC were 5,260 ± 3,243.3 pg/ml and of patients with recurrent CRC 4,106 ± 2,261.1 pg/ml, which were significantly elevated in comparison with those of healthy volunteers (2,364.3 ± 7,49.6). The sensitivity for detecting CRC using plasma L‐Tn‐CSV was 56.6%, based on the mean ± 2 SD of the concentrations of healthy controls (3,863.5), which was significantly higher than CEA (40.1%) and CA19‐9 (23.6%). No obvious associations were evident between plasma L‐Tn‐CSV status and values of CEA and CA19‐9 respectively. Statistically significant differences in plasma L‐Tn‐CSV were observed depending on tumor depth, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stage. Negative conversions of plasma L‐Tn‐CSV levels 6 months after resection were significantly higher in the completely curative resection group than in the non‐curative groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe plasma L‐Tn‐CSV may serve very well as a useful biomarker for tumor staging and postoperative monitoring of preoperatively positive CRC that is independent and exceeds conventional tumor markers.
Impact of Lymph Node Micrometastasis in Patients with Pancreatic Head Cancer
Authors: Kurahara Hiroshi , Takao Sonshin , Maemura Kousei , Shinchi Hiroyuki , Natsugoe Shoji , Aikou Takashi 
Published: January 2007

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of nodal micrometastasis in patients who underwent a curative operation for pancreatic cancer.Experimental DesignFifty‐eight patients underwent a macroscopically curative resection with extended lymph node dissection for pancreatic cancer. The total number of resected lymph nodes was 1,058, and 944 histologically negative lymph nodes were subjected to immunohistochemical staining to detect occult micrometastases.ResultsNodal micrometastases were detected immunohistochemically in 147 out of 944 resected histologically negative lymph nodes (15.6%). Forty‐four of all 58 patients (75.9%) and 13 of the 23 histologically node‐negative patients (56.5%) had nodal micrometastases. Nodal micrometastases existed in the N1 lymph node area most frequently, followed by the N2 and N3 lymph node areas. The distribution was similar to that of histologically metastatic lymph nodes. Ten out of 16 patients (62.5%) with histological N1, and 5 out of 16 patients (31.3%) with histological N2 had nodal micrometastases beyond the histological lymph node status. Three and 5‐year survival rates of pN0 patients without lymph node nodal micrometastases were both 60.0%, while those with nodal micrometastases were 19.2% and 0%, respectively. There was statistically significant difference between the both groups (P = 0.041).ConclusionsNodal micrometastasis in pancreatic cancer existed in wider and more distant areas than histological lymph node status, and it was an unfavorable predictive factor, even in N0 patients.