bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral Health of Children of Migrant Farm Workers in Northwest Michigan
Authors: Woolfolk Marilyn , Hamard Margot , Bagramian Robert A. , Sgan‐Cohen Harold 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA considerable number of Hispanic agricultural workers come to Northwest Michigan during the summer every year to harvest fruit and vegetable crops. The Department of Community Dentistry of The University of Michigan School of Dentistry helps provide dental services for these migrant workers and their families. Some 203 five‐to‐14‐year‐old children of migrant farm workers were examined for caries and periodontal condition and the results compared with recent national surveys. Traditional indicators of dental caries experience (DMFT/dft and DMFS/dfs indices), periodontal disease (PI), and oral cleanliness (OHI‐S) were used by one examiner. These migrant children presented higher numbers of decayed teeth and lower numbers of restored teeth than United States schoolchildren generally. Migrant children also presented less caries‐free teeth and higher PI and OHI‐S scores than United States children generally.
Dental Sealant Usage in Virginia
Authors: Rubenstein Loretta K. , Dinius Ann 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis trend study reports the results of a survey designed to determine usage of dental sealants in Virginia. A total of 2,434 general dentists, dental hygienists, and pedodontists were sent questionnaires regarding usage, technics, products, educational experience, and public interest in dental sealants.Increases in the provision of sealant coverage and in public interest for this preventive measure were noted. Approximately three‐fourths of general dentists and dental hygienists working in a general or pedodontic practice are offering sealants to their patients. Pedodontists are the largest group of providers, with nearly 100 percent of pedodontists applying sealants. Recent graduates are applying sealants more often than earlier graduates. Preference for Delton™* clear color, light‐cured material was shown.In general, a lack of professional knowledge about sealants continues to exist. Professional organizations and academic institutions may want to plan additional continuing education offerings for practitioners and to consider increased dental education instruction for students.
The Effects for Recall Patients of a Comprehensive Sealant Program in a Clinical Dental Public Health Setting
Authors: Jones Rhys B. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe preventive outcomes of a comprehensive sealant program in a dental public health treatment center for low SES children are reported. The Linn County (Iowa) Dental Health Center implemented a comprehensive sealant philosophy in 1978. Since then, virtually all pits and fissures in primary and permanent teeth for all new and recall patients have been sealed. The comprehensive sealant philosophy was formulated following a previously reported Dental Health Center study documenting the negative outcomes of unmet treatment need as a result of the lack of continuity of care for this specific low SES target population.Sealants were evaluated for all recall patients seen over a two‐month period. The sealants had been placed six months to six years before the two‐month examination period. Ninety‐five percent of the sealants were intact for the recall patients. Only 3.3 percent of the sealants were in need of repair or reseating—a procedure easily incorporated into the preventive recall appointment. Only 1.5 percent of the teeth were carious, and to a minor extent. To maintain the total sealant treatment philosophy on repaired and newly erupted teeth for recall patients in the dental public health setting requires on the average approximately five additional minutes per recall appointment.Low SES children are at highest risk to dental caries, but are still not guaranteed access to ongoing preventive services. Sealants are of much greater importance than the usual prophylaxis‐fluoride regimen for low SES children displaying more episodic than preventive dental behavior. Comprehensive sealant programs should be considered for all dental public health clinical treatment programs for children.
Risk Factors for Total Tooth Loss in the United States; Longitudinal Analysis of National Data
Authors: Eklund Stephen A. , Burt Brian A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow‐up Study (NHEFS) of 1982‐84 collected longitudinal data from 10,523 individuals initially seen during the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) of 1971‐75. Among this additional data was information on the incidence of total tooth loss during the 10 years between the surveys, which could then be added to NHANES I data to identify risk factors. In this analysis, a series of bivariate analyses were carried out, followed by logistic regression analysis to assess the simultaneous effect of major variables. Results showed that 7.4 percent of dentate Americans aged 25‐74 at NHANES I became edentulous over the next 10 years. In bivariate analyses, the incidence of edentulism was correlated with baseline measures of lower income and education status, poorer oral health, self‐perceptions of poor general health and oral health, absence of a regular dentist, and a lower number of remaining teeth at baseline. No correlation was found with gender and geographic region, nor with self‐reported diabetes and arthritis, and age was not a factor when the number of remaining teeth at baseline were taken into account. In a logistic regression model assessing the effect of these variables simultaneously, none of the demographic variables retained significance; the only variable statistically significant in both age groups was the number of teeth remaining at baseline. Other significant variables in younger persons were higher periodontal disease scores, perceived poor dental health, perceived need for extractions, history of smoking, and low ascorbic acid intake. Some of these variables were reflections of negative health behavior and attitudes rather than direct correlates. Principal findings from this study were the importance of early tooth loss in eventual edentulism and the virtual disappearance of gender and age as determinants of total tooth loss.
The Distribution of Root Caries in Community‐dwelling Elders in New England
Authors: Joshi Anil , Douglass Chester W. , Jette Alan , Feldman Henry 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn in‐home examination of a probability sample of elders aged 70 and older living in the six New England states was conducted to estimate the prevalence and extent of root caries. Oral examinations were conducted by the visual‐tactile method using a portable lamp, explorer, and a mouth mirror. Fifty‐two percent of the study participants showed root caries experience and 22 percent had untreated root caries. In contrast to previous studies, this analysis showed that buccal root surfaces were no more likely than proximal surfaces to be affected by root caries. Logistic regression analysis showed that gingival recession and number of teeth were positively associated with root caries, while better oral hygiene maintenance and regular dental visits were negatively associated with root caries lesions (all factors: P <.05). The prevalence of root caries was found to increase with higher numbers of teeth except for a minority subgroup— i.e., those who retained 25 or more teeth. This study provides much‐needed data on prevalence and extent of root caries in a probability sample of the oldest old in an entire region of the United States.
Gains in Dental Care Use Not Shared by Minority Elders
Authors: A Judith , Fedele Denise J. , Bolden Aljernon J. , Bloom Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAmericans have steadily increased their reported use of dental services over the past 30 years. Persons aged 65 years and older have made the greatest gains, from 16 percent in 1957–58 to 43 percent in 1989. This article reviews national data on reported use of dental care over the past three decades, focusing on differences in rates of utilization on the basis of age, race, and national origin. In addition, differences in sample selection, definitions of race and national origin, and data collection methodology were reviewed to identify systematic sources of bias in comparing the data. Findings indicate that reported dental care use among minority elders has not increased parallel with elders of all races and national origins. In 1957–59, 17 percent of white elders versus 9 percent of nonwhite elders had seen a dentist within the past year. By 1989 percentages had improved to 45 percent of whites, but only 22 percent of blacks and 40 percent of Hispanics. In addition, reporting and recording race and national origin varied considerably during the three decades, hampering comparisons over time. Finally, published national data on usual correlates of dental care use (dentition status, insurance, age, income, and education) are inadequate to explain the causes of these discrepancies. More research is needed to identify barriers to use of dental care by all Americans, particularly those of African and Hispanic descent. Because these ethnic groups are aging faster than the rest of society, and because dental care use among Hispanic and African American elders lags behind use among all elders, dental and public health professions have a responsibility to investigate the barriers and to plan strategies for improving use of care.
Factors Associated with the Use of Fluoride Supplements and Fluoride Dentifrice by Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Nourjah Parivash , Horowitz Alice M. , Wagener Diane K. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDental fluorosis may be associated with the inappropriate use of fluoride dentifrices and/or dietary fluoride supplements by young children, especially for those who consume optimally fluoridated water. Studies to date have used retrospective designs that rely on anamnestic responses of adults to determine fluoride exposures in their children. The 1986 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) collected information on current use of fluoride‐containing dental products (dentifrices, drops, tablets, and mouthrinses) by all household members during home interviews. This report contains information obtained from adults for 1,996 children younger than two years of age. Nearly half of the children used fluoride dentifrices or dietary fluoride supplements. Eleven percent of the children younger than one year of age and nearly 60 percent of children between one and two years of age reportedly used a fluoride toothpaste. Dietary fluoride supplements were used about equally in these age groups (about 16%). The use of a fluoride dentif rice was similar across racial‐ethnic groups, but the use of dietary fluoride supplements was less among blacks and Hispanics. A significantly higher proportion of children whose respondent knew the purpose of water fluoridation used some type of fluoride product. Because young children tend to swallow dentifrices, the findings of this study suggest the need for educational programs targeted to parents and health care providers regarding the appropriate use of fluorides and the risk of fluorosis when they are used inappropriately.
Dental Caries Prevalence and Treatment among Navajo Preschool Children
Authors: O'Sullivan David M. , Douglass Joanna M. , Champany Richard , Tetrev Steve , Tinanoff Norman , Eberling Suzanne 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: The purpose of this study was to assess the dental health of Navajo preschool children, a population about whom little dental information is published. Methods: Caries data were collected and analyzed for 2,003 Navajo children aged 3–5 years in the Head Start program, and for a convenience sample of 115 children younger than three years old from the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program. Results: Each age group had an extremely high mean dmfs; however, as much as 70 percent of this index comprised treated surfaces. Maxillary anterior caries was observed in the WIC children under two years of age and posterior proximal caries was observed as early as two years of age. The prevalence of maxillary anterior caries reached a maximum of 68 percent in the three‐year‐old Head Start children, and may be associated with the high level of posterior caries in this population. Conclusions: Most children in this population may be considered at risk for developing caries. This Navajo preschool population has perhaps the earliest caries onset, among the highest caries prevalence, and among the highest level of treatment of any reported population.
Dentists and AIDS: a Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior in Italy
Authors: Angelillo Italo F. , Villari Paolo , D'Errico Marcello M. , Grasso Guido M. , Ricciardi Gualtiero , Pavia Maria 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: Italy, together with Spain, is second only to France in the total number of AIDS cases” in Europe, with over 16,800 as of March 1993. The purpose of this study was to evaluate knowledge, attitudes, and behavior concerning AIDS and infection control among Italian dentists. Methods: A questionnaire was mailed to 1,000 dentists randomly selected from the Italian Dental and Maxilto‐Facial Association's register of dentists. Results: Of the 715 dentists responding, 70.7 percent of dentists knew all the main risk groups able to transmit the infection and that semen is a biologic fluid potentially contaminated by HIV virus. This knowledge was greater if the number of patients per week was not higher than 55 and if the dentist had had a previous contact with an HIV‐seropositive patient. Only a few (21.1%) knew all the oral manifestations of AIDS. Over 65 percent of the dentists indicated that they would treat HIV‐seropositive patients (71.9%) or those with AIDS (66.8%). Dentists were more willing to care for an HIV‐seropositive patient if they were involved in specialties with high blood contact, if they had a previous contact with an HIV patient, as the average number of patients per week increased, and if they did not consider saliva as a possible route of transmission of HIV. A small percentage of dentists who had the opportunity to treat patients at risk for AIDS (12.1%) or HIV seropositive (9.4%) refused to treat them. Willingness to treat was the most significant predictor of actual treatment of an infected patient. Only 24.4 percent routinely used all barrier techniques (gloves, masks, and protective eye‐wear). Predictors of routine use of all barrier techniques were specialties with high blood contact, considering saliva a possible route of transmission of HIV infection, average number of patients per week fewer than 40, and number of years of practice. Conclusions: Educational efforts for improving knowledge and finding and implementing ways to motivate dentists to the correct and routine use of infection control procedures are needed.
Dental Caries Risk in Relation to Dietary Habits and Dental Services in Two Industrial Populations
Authors: Masalin Kai E. , Murtomaa Heikki T. , Sipilä Kari P. J. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: Environmental hazards contribute to the poor oral health in many occupations. Among the earliest occupations mentioned are those of the baker and confectionery worker. To determine appropriate ways of promoting oral health in places of work, factors affecting caries susceptibility were studied. Methods: Dental caries status, dietary and dental health behaviors, and salivary microbiologic findings in 338 confectionery and 101 shipyard workers were compared. A caries risk index based on salivary findings was used in log‐linear models where the effects of sex, diet, use of dental services, and work environment were studied. Results: Caries experience was found to be high in both populations. Dietary habits were the most important factor affecting caries occurrence and susceptibility. Similar dietary behaviors were found in both groups. Conclusions: The confectionery industry did not seem to be an exceptionally hazardous environment for dental health in general. However, the screening of high‐risk workers should be organized. Reimbursement of costs had no major effect on use of dental services or caries risk. Oral health promotion should be integrated with existing occupational health services to improve oral health in industrial populations.
The Prevalence of Dental Sealants in North Carolina Schoolchildren
Authors: Rozier R. Gary , Spratt C. Jean , Koch Gary G. , Davies Glen M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This study reports the prevalence of dental sealants derived from a survey of schoolchildren in North Carolina, and its variation according to several sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: A single‐stage, stratified probability sample of grade K–12 classrooms in the state yielded a sample of 8,026 students. Clinical examinations were performed on 83 percent of the sample. Estimates for sealant prevalence and their variation according to seven sociodemographic variables were determined. Results: About 117,000 children in the state, or 12 percent of those 6–17 years of age, have sealants. The prevalence of sealants varied according to geographic region of residence and the socioeconomic status of whites. Prevalence was affected little by age, sex, degree of urbanism, or socioeconomic status of those with races other than white. Conclusions: While underutilized, there are indications in these data that sealant use is increasing, thus having the potential to contribute to further declines in the prevalence of dental caries in the state. Those factors included in this study and associated with the prevalence of sealants suggest that major gains in sealant use will need to address not only those specific barriers preventing their use by the profession or public, but broader issues preventing the utilization of dental services in general.
A Comparison of Dental Caries Experience in Native American and Caucasian Children in Oklahoma
Authors: Grim Charles W. , Broderick Eric B. , Jasper Byron , Phipps Kathy R. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objectives: In 1989 the Oklahoma Area Indian Health Service conducted an oral health survey of children attending public schools in Oklahoma to determine the extent of caries experience in the Native American population. Results were to be used to establish program priorities, gather baseline data, and compare the oral health status of Native American children with their non‐Indian peers. Methods: A total of 934 elementary schoolchildren 5–6 years of age were examined along with 733 high school students 15–17 years of age. The study was designed so that approximately 50 percent of the students examined were Native American. Results: The mean dmfs for the 5–6‐year‐olds was 5.06 for the Caucasian children and 10.35 for the Native American children, a statistically significant difference (P <.001). For the 15–17‐year‐olds the mean DMFS for the Caucasian students (5.99) was significantly lower (P <.001) than the mean DMFS for the Native American students (10.12). Conclusions: The prevalence and severity of caries in these Native American students appear to be substantially higher than in their non‐Indian peers residing in the same communities. Further study is needed to identify factors contributing to these demonstrated differences in caries experience.
Preventive Behaviors as Correlates of Periodontal Health Status
Authors: Lang W. Paul , Ronis David L. , Farghaly Mahassen M. 
Published: April 2007

Abstract Objectives: This investigation examined current practices of brushing, flossing, and periodic dental visits and their association with periodontal health status. Methods: Data were collected using face‐to‐face interviews and 40‐minute in‐home dental examinations with a probability sample of adults 18 years of age or older, having at least one tooth, and living in housing units in the Detroit tricounty area. Complete examinations were performed on 319 individuals. Results: On average, subjects reported brushing their teeth about twice a day. About one‐third of the population reported flossing at least once a day. Loss of periodontal attachment was related to frequency of brushing while subjects who exhibited acceptable flossing ability had less plaque and calculus, shallower pocket depths, and less attachment loss. Subjects reporting a periodic dental visit at least once a year had less plaque, gingivitis, and calculus than subjects reporting less frequent visits. In regression analyses, brushing thoroughness, flossing ability and frequency, and dental visit frequency were predictors of lower plaque, gingivitis, and calculus scores. In turn, these scores were predictors of shallower pocket depths and less attachment loss. Conclusions: Brushing, flossing, and periodic dental visits were correlated with better periodontal health. The behaviors appeared to be indirectly related to pocket depth and attachment loss through their associations with plaque, gingivitis, and calculus levels.
Relationships of Personality Traits and Stress to Gingival Status or Soft‐tissue Oral Pathology: an Exploratory Study
Authors: Minneman Margaret A. , Cobb Charles , Soriano Fernando , Burns Sherry , Schuchman Lynn 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships of personality traits and stress with gingival inflammation and with soft‐tissue oral pathology. Methods: Personality traits of psychoticism (P), extroversion and introversion (E), and neuroticism (N) were measured with Eysenck's personality questionnaire (EPO). Stress was measured with a modified organizational and individual assessment survey (OIAS) developed by Hendrix. Military recruits from Ft. Leonard Wood, Missouri, were examined for soft‐tissue oral pathology and gingival status at weeks one (n=241) and six (n=61) of basic combat training (BCT). The EPQ and OIAS were administered to 217 recruits during week six of BCT. A discriminant analysis was used to determine correlations among study variables. Results: Significant correlations (P <.05) were found between personality traits and various measures of tolerance of stress. Little variance was found between groups originally presenting with or without disease. Only physical stress (P <.005) was shown to affect soft‐tissue pathology, while gingival inflammation correlated significantly to E scores (P <.02), tolerance to change (P <.02), and anxiety (P <.05). Conclusions: Data support a possible relationship among certain personality traits, stress variables, and gingival inflammation or soft‐tissue pathology in recruits with extreme personality characteristics or perception of high physical stress levels in basic combat training.