bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Do psychological contracts include boundaryless or protean careers?
Authors: Skromme Granrose Cherlyn , Baccili Patricia A. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo examine the existence of career psychological contracts and consequences of perceived violations for traditional, protean and boundaryless career psychological contracts in one sample of aerospace employees.Design/methodology/approachStructured questionnaires were used to collect data. Regression analysis was used to test hypotheses.FindingsMost employees consider traditional career goals like job security and upward mobility important, but believed the organization failed to meet these perceived obligations. Perceived violations of psychological contract obligations for job security and training reduced organizational commitment, and violations of perceived upward mobility opportunity obligations were related to intentions to leave. Employees' commitment to managers moderated the effect of low levels of organizational career contract violations, but had no effect on intentions to leave if managers violated psychological career contracts or if the organization had a high level of perceived career psychological contract violations.Originality/valueOrganizations could benefit from providing more training in career support for managers and scholars should examine organizational and managerial psychological contracts as separate constructs.
Attitudinal differences between Taiwanese and American police officers
Authors: Sun Ivan Y. , Chu Doris 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to compare attitudinal differences between Taiwanese and US police officers.Design/methodology/approachThe paper studies interview and survey data collected from 288 officers in two Taiwanese departments and 638 officers in two US departments to assess police officers' role orientations and their attitudes toward aggressive law enforcement, legal restrictions, and citizen support. Mean comparison and multivariate regression were conducted to examine variation in officers' attitudes across countries.FindingsThe paper finds Taiwanese police officers differ significantly from their US counterparts in all attitudinal scales. Compared to US officers, Taiwanese officers tend to have a broader role orientation, positive attitudes toward aggressive patrol, and negative attitudes toward legal restrictions and citizen support.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper sees that future studies should analyze data collected from non‐English‐speaking countries in other regions. Future research should also collect data that reflect variation in economic and political developments. Multi‐level studies that incorporate both aggregate‐ and individual‐level predictors should be conducted to further broaden our understanding of officers' attitudes from an international and comparative perspective. More attitudinal dimensions should be considered in future research.Practical implicationsThe papers implies that Taiwanese and US police administrators should continue to cultivate attitudinal propensities that echo the underlying values and principles of community policing. Police administrators, especially Taiwanese police managers, should seek ways to improve officers' negative attitudes toward citizens.Originality/valueThe research in this paper examines officers' perceptions of the police role, law enforcement, and citizens, which have rarely been analyzed in previous cross‐national studies. This study enhances our understanding of police job‐related attitudes under different social and cultural contexts.
Police department and instructor perspectives on pre‐service firearm and deadly force training
Authors: Morrison Gregory B. 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of police departments and instructors regarding academy‐based pre‐service firearm and deadly force training.Design/methodology/approachSurveys of department‐based instructors (n=175) and state and local police departments (n=116) in Washington State provided ratings and other data on pre‐service academy training and included department‐based training provided before and/or after attending the academy.FindingsThe paper found academy graduates' skills generally were rated as adequate. Ratings for tactics and decision making were lower, and many departments noted that these areas needed more attention. Some departments also provided extensive post‐academy training before allowing their new officers to work armed. Nevertheless, many departments used BLEA's handgun qualification course‐of‐fire for in‐service requalification and, in some cases, training.Research limitationsThe research setting was one state and the study focused on firearm and deadly force training.Practical limitations/implicationsThe paper shows pre‐service firearm and deadly force training is crucial for officer and public safety at the outset of officers' employment. It also lays the foundation for department in‐service training. Because departments exercise considerable latitude over the content, techniques and instructional methods of their own programs, the nature and extent of academy training has implications for officers' skills and abilities in the long term, too.Originality/valueThis paper shows prior research has concentrated on the perceptions of academy graduates and the full spectrum job tasks associated with policing and/or taking their certification examinations. It provides detailed insights into a specific training job‐task area, as well as from important stakeholders such as departments and their instructors, not previously available.
Learning about workplace learning and expertise from Jack
Authors: Lee Yew‐Jin , Roth Wolff‐Michael 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to highlight some methodological problems concerning the neglect of participants' voices by workplace ethnographers and neglect of the highly interactional and co‐constructive nature of research interviewing. The study aims to use discourse analysis, to show the phenomena of workplace learning and expertise to be constituted in participants' talk.Design/methodology/approachFrom excerpts of natural talk and research interviews by fish culturists speaking about their learning in a salmon hatchery, discourse analysis is used to analyze how workplace learning and expertise are rhetorically performed.FindingsThe paper finds that fish culturists drew on two discursive repertoires/resources – school‐ and workplace‐based learning – to account for their learning and expertise. The main participant affirmed the primacy of interest and practical workplace experience in his job just as he presupposed a weak correlation between school‐based (theoretical) and workplace (practical) knowing. However, both kinds of learning were deemed important though articulating this view depended on the social contexts of its production.Research limitations/implicationsDiscourse analysis does not establish immutable truths about workplace learning and expertise but rather it is used to understand how these are made accountable through talk in real‐time, that is, how the phenomenon is “done” by participants.Practical implicationsThere is increased sensitivity when using ethnographic and interview methods. No method can avoid being theory‐laden in its conduct and reporting but discourse analysis perhaps does it better than its alternatives.Originality/valueWhile some contributors to this journal have also approached workplace learning from a discursive perspective, this paper attempts to understand the phenomenon solely from participants' categories and interpretations.
Situating gendered learning in the workplace
Authors: Tanggaard Lene 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to situate the concept of gendered learning in the workplace.Design/methodology/approachThe paper presents the results of two closely related, qualitative studies of apprenticeship learning in two major industrial companies in Denmark.FindingsThe paper finds that the creation of a situated‐gendered “being” or “doing” in the workplace constitutes an important and often overlooked aspect of young people's learning processes in vocational training. Two themes of gender and learning are identified and discussed in an empirical analysis. These themes are learning and gendered identities, and gender and future family life.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper is exploratory in nature, so that it would be useful to confirm the results through further validation and comparison with other professions and workplaces.Practical implicationsThe design of proliferate learning practices in the workplace should consider gender as a factor which influences the trajectories of the individual learner.Originality/valueThe main thrust of the paper is that young people engaged in vocational training in the workplace are “gendered” through their participation in particular work and work‐related practices. The “telos” of learning in the context of vocational training in the workplace entails more than just the pursuit of a career trajectory or an occupational identity. The main contribution of the article is therefore its emphasis on the notion that theories on workplace and apprenticeship learning should consider a broader perspective on the learner than possible when focussing only on professional or occupational identity.
Putting professional development online: integrating learning as productive activity
Authors: Slotte Virpi , Herbert Anne 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThis paper aims to understand the situational appropriateness of adopting e‐learning for the in‐house company qualification, and more specifically to compare the benefits of studying online to more traditional way of studying with print material.Design/methodology/approachAt the end of seven months study, final test results for company certification were collected and analyzed. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative data from the 59 employees' individual learning experiences were obtained to address the research questions.FindingsThe paper finds that the first year's experiences of using e‐learning course were mostly positive. The results showed that participants learning online gained similar or slightly better learning outcomes than those who used the print material. Those learning online earned the certificate in less time in comparison with those studying the print version.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study is limited by its small and potentially non‐representative sample, representing those who voluntarily participated to work towards the in‐house qualification.Practical implicationsThe practical implications of the results include integrating e‐learning into the real workplace environment. When enough attention is paid to the course design, e‐learning provides good possibilities for effective use of employee time. The work has relevance for other corporate training providers considering incorporating e‐learning into their professional development programs.Originality/valueNot many companies who have moved traditionally delivered programs online, have been able to compare groups of employees who have studied from text‐based material with those who have taken the online version. Two separate research processes implemented provided a unique opportunity to analyze work‐based learning outcomes.
Knowledge management in the making: using the balanced scorecard and e‐mail systems
Authors: Edenius Mats , Styhre Alexander 
Published: July 2006

PurposeKnowledge management deals with the production, application, and distribution of knowledge within and between organizations. Such intellectual resources do not appear ex nihilo, but are always constituted through practices and undertakings in an everyday work life setting. This paper seeks to examine how two managerial tools, the balanced scorecard and an e‐mail system, are used to represent and classify various knowledge‐based resources in two organizations.Design/methodology/approachThe paper draws on Foucault's perhaps least recognized work, The Birth of the Clinic and shows how what Foucault calls sensible knowledge is useful for understanding BSC and the e‐mail system. Sensible knowledge integrates a number of human faculties such as ocular, representational, and communicative skills in many cases taken for granted and poorly considered in organization theory. Two case studies serve as the primary empirical domain.FindingsThe paper concludes that knowledge can never be taken for granted, but must always be examined at the level of its constitution and reproduction, i.e. within the regimes of representation and classification in which practitioners operate. Such regimes of representation and classification are immanent in a variety of managerial tools and technological systems and must therefore be examined in greater details.Research limitations/implicationsThe immediate implications from managerial tools and technological systems need to be studied in their context and understood as principal resources for managing knowledge in practice.Originality/valueThe paper bridges theoretical writings on representation classification, sensible knowledge and the more mundane everyday work life practices that constitute organizations.
Knowledge management and information technology: can they work in perfect harmony?
Authors: Mohamed Mirghani , Stankosky Michael , Murray Arthur 
Published: July 2006

PurposeAims to impart new insights into the role of information technology (IT) in knowledge extraction, capture, distribution and personalization. The paper seeks to pin‐point the strengths and weaknesses of IT in the domain of knowledge management (KM) and to explain why the technology promise remains unfulfilled, as seen by many KM practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThe discussion in this paper is fundamentally based on Stankosky's four KM pillars conceptual framework. Within this framework the authors attempted to shed some light on the IT role and the hidden reasons that make knowledge prominently unreachable via IT.FindingsIT assimilation and representation of knowledge intangibility, dynamism, experience and other humanistic cognitive dimensions remain debatable. The current technology is immature to resolve such problems. For IT to be effective for KM it must shred its bivalent logic and instead learn to operate within an authentic continuum.Originality/valueKnowledge managers need to understand that a KM initiative that considers IT as a Utopian panacea will fail. Equally, the KM initiative that undervalues IT will follow suit. Owing to IT immaturity in the area of cognitive behavior, the situation is still perplexing. This elusiveness imposes some obstacles to sufficiently represent the context of tacit knowledge. Hence, codifying knowledge with the poser of the existing IT and without the support from socio‐cultural inputs, will result in de‐contextualization, i.e. “knowledge dilution.” Hence, special considerations should be given to applications that offer some behavioral context and human cognitive dimensions.
Managerial qualities and operational performance: a proposed model
Authors: Crilley Garry , Sharp Colin 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the need for consensus on a model that encapsulates the relationship between the manager and the effective operational performance of leisure facilities. This is particularly relevant for Australian local government sports and leisure centres.Design/methodology/approachOn‐site and postal questionnaires from 140 managers, 71 peers, and 277 staff were collected and analysed to develop an empirical model of the relationship between Australian sports and leisure centre managers and the performance of their operations.FindingsThis study proposes an initial path model of eight predictive variables, including the managerial qualities of the manager and their relationship with the operational performance of their centre.Practical implicationsThe proposed model provides a new basis for reviews and changes to current practice in the development of managers, and of professional practice in this context.Originality/valueUnlike copious studies of managers, this study includes empirical testing of a model that links the relationship between the manager and an organisation's performance; this is relatively rare in the literature.
Marketing measurement action research model
Authors: Woodburn Diana 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe paper aims to describe the purpose and objectives of research being carried out by a Cranfield School of Management forum – the Return on Marketing Investment Best Practice Research Club (RoMI) – into measuring marketing's performance, during which a model has been developed – the RoMI framework.Design/methodology/approachThe paper shows the model as a whole and then discusses each element individually, in terms of the nature and role of each of them.FindingsThe paper finds that in many companies market segmentation is non‐existent or only dimly recognised rather than utilised, or has no external validity. It contends that, if companies could develop an appropriate framework of relevant measurements and systematically collect and capture data within the framework, then business cases for marketing activity could be built and considered in a more objective and informed manner. It claims that the RoMi Club model presented her provides a framework of measurements tailored to fit the needs of each company.Originality/valueThe paper provides interested companies with an explanation of the research approach, so that they can give it some thought while the field research takes place.
Crime fighting in the twenty‐first century?
Authors: Fitzpatrick David 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to examine the Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (the Act), in particular, the sections of the Act that establish the serious organised crime agency (SOCA) and to anticipate the effectiveness of the Act against organised and serious crime in the UK.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology employed is to examine Parts 1 and 2 of the Act, in light of the response of concerned professionals to the Act's passage through Parliament, concerns expressed both in the press and in legal journals, and to critically examine the novel features of the Act from the perspective of a professional who has worked in this same field (organised and serious crime) in Hong Kong for more than 20 years.FindingsThe Act is to be welcomed, in particular, gathering the investigative and intelligence functions of the police, customs and immigration service in one body SOCA, an elite limit to assist other UK police forces and law enforcement agencies. The introduction of statutory mechanisms to promote the co‐operation of defendants as potential witnesses is also to be welcomed. However, it is feared that the investigative powers created will be ineffective as the judiciary are not directly involved and the powers that are given to SOCA will be easily evaded by ruthless or experienced criminals.Originality/valueIt is hoped, the paper will promote interest in SOCA when it is “rolled out” operationally in April 2006. It is also hoped that SOCA will be appreciated from the outset as only a half‐hearted adoption of the US organised crime “model”. The UK has decided not to use telephone taps as a source of evidence, nor has it granted effective investigative powers to SOCA. Furthermore, there has been no comprehensive clean‐up of the present confusion of objectives that is so obvious in the sentencing policy as it concerns offenders who commit serious crime or are involved in organised criminal behaviour in the UK.
Disclosure in Switzerland – a summary
Authors: Ringgenberg Cecile 
Published: July 2006

PurposeSeeks to summarize the arguably complex situation of disclosure in Switzerland in view of the rules on professional and banking secrecy.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology used is practical experience, law, jurisprudence and earlier publications by the author and others.FindingsNothing new is found, but what is new, is to find the rules of disclosure, in its penal and civil aspects, in one place and in a summarized practice‐oriented manner and not dispersed in different parts of Swiss law.Research limitations/implicationsA future paper should cover the topic of disclosure on the national and international level between authorities, in particular penal, anti‐money laundering and surveyance of financial markets authorities, and not only, as it is in the present articles between authorities and individuals. The exchange between authorities is based on a complex set of rules dispersed in different parts of Swiss law.Practical implicationsThis paper has practical implications, as it is addressed to the foreign legal practitioner, who needs to know what are the exceptions to the prohibition of disclosure based on the protection of the private sphere under Swiss law. A future extension of the paper would deal with what information he can get through the exchange of information between the authorities of his country and the Swiss authorities.Originality/valueWhat is new is to find the rules of disclosure in one place and in a summarized practice‐oriented manner.
In the shadows of the EFCC: is the ICPC still relevant?
Authors: Foluso Arowolo Oluseye 
Published: July 2006

PurposeTo demonstrate how the Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) can sustain relevance in the bid to check corruption despite the encroaching regulatory intervention of the Economics and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) in Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachAn analytic approach; to make the case that the ICPC is still relevant in the regulatory scheme as a dedicated agency to corruption issues in Nigeria, the provisions of the Corrupt Practices and Other Related Offences Act, 2004 are reviewed and the structure of the ICPC is examined. The powers and functions of the ICPC are highlighted with the sole intent that the opportunities which exist for the ICPC to be relevant within the current regulatory scheme can be identified and analysed.FindingsWhilst the risk of competitive regulation persists, there is a persuasive case for retaining the ICPC as a separate agency dedicated to the fight against corruption.Practical implicationsTo challenge the ICPC to change the focus of its regulatory activity from prosecution to prevention through the adoption of forensic strategies that would strengthen private and public institutions and reduce opportunities for corruption.Originality/valueThis paper offers a measure of clarity on the regulatory scope of the EFCC and ICPC in the fight against corruption, economic and financial crimes.
Property brands, human capital and Tobin's q
Authors: Hägg Claes , Scheutz Curt 
Published: July 2006

PurposeThe aim of the paper is to discuss the impact of property brands on the value for shareholders in the real estate and high tech industries.Design/methodology/approachThe theory of Tobin's q is used as a tool in the analysis, which is also based on anecdotal empirical evidence.FindingsWe can formulate the hypothesis that property brands are even more interesting to high tech and professional firms compared to traditional real estate firms.Research limitations/implicationsThe hypothesis is based on a theoretical discussion and also on limited empirical examples. Further empirical studies in the area would, therefore, be of great interest.Practical implicationsIf the above‐mentioned hypothesis is confirmed in further studies, it could contribute to an explanation of the phenomenon of property brands.Originality/valueThe originality lies in the combination of the real estate and high tech industries and also in the application of Tobin's q to the subject.