bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterization of silicon photomultipliers for their application in muon scattering tomography
Authors: Sun Binghao , Li Huiling , Li Quanyin , Liang Hui , Liu Cong , Wang Hongbo , Wu Zibing , Xiao Suyu , Xu Weiwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Muon scattering tomography is a non-destructive technique
used to image different materials by utilizing natural cosmic ray
muons. Typically it requires position-sensitive detectors with a
sub-millimeter resolution to effectively distinguish high-Z
materials in a compact system. The plastic scintillating fiber
detector is a feasible candidate and is currently being designed
with one-dimensional silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) readout. In this
work, we constructed experimental setups to characterize three
different SiPMs from the NDL, SensL, and HPK manufacturers for
optimal performance of the scintillating fiber detector. The
breakdown voltage, temperature compensation factor, dark noise, and
photodetection efficiency of each SiPM are evaluated and
summarized. Among the SiPMs tested, the HPK SiPM demonstrated the
lowest dark count rate and crosstalk probability while exhibiting
the best photodetection efficiency response at the emission
wavelengths of the scintillating fibers. This makes the HPK SiPM
particularly well-suited to meet the requirements of the detector
and serves as a reference for further customization of the
one-dimensional SiPM array.
A relativistic Hardy-type inequality with minimizers
Authors: Fanelli Luca , Pizzichillo Fabio 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In this paper, we prove a sharp, weighted Hardy-type inequality for the Dirac operator. A key feature of our result is that the inequality is not only sharp but also attained, and we construct explicit minimizers that satisfy the equality case. This extends previous work on the spectral properties of Dirac operators, especially in the context of relativistic quantum mechanics and Coulomb-like potentials.
Investigating the optical degradation of InAs quantum dot lasers on silicon through combined electro-optical characterization and gain measurements
Authors: Zenari Michele , Novarese Marco , Buffolo Matteo , De Santi Carlo , Norman Justin , Hughes Eamonn T , Bowers John E , Herrick Robert W , Gioannini Mariangela , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We evaluate the degradation of 1.3 µm InAs quantum-dot laser diodes epitaxially grown on silicon. For the first time, the optical degradation mechanisms are investigated by evaluating the variations in the gain spectra measured during a constant-current stress test. Remarkably, the gain spectra showed that the reduction in the peak modal gain is dominant compared to the increase in internal absorption losses. Moreover, the increase in threshold current (I
th) induced by stress was found to be correlated to the gain peak reduction. This experimental evidence was investigated by modeling the peak modal gain variation through a rate equation model. The outcome of this activity confirms that the variation of both I
th and modal gain can be explained solely by the reduction in injection efficiency, caused by the stress-induced increase in non-radiative recombination centers (NRRCs). This result supports previous findings on the optical degradation of 1.3 µm InAs quantum dot lasers, which is ultimately ascribed to the increase in concentration of NRRCs within the active region.
Boundary dynamics in unbounded Fatou components
Authors: Jové Anna , Fagella Núria 
Published: February 2025

We study the behaviour of a transcendental entire map

f
:

C

→

C

f\colon \mathbb {C}\to \mathbb {C}

on an unbounded invariant Fatou component

U
U

, assuming that infinity is accessible from

U
U

. It is well-known that

U
U

is simply connected. Hence, by means of a Riemann map

φ
:

D

→
U

\varphi \colon \mathbb {D}\to U

and the associated inner function

g
≔

φ

−
1

∘
f
∘
φ

g≔\varphi ^{-1}\circ f\circ \varphi

, the boundary of

U
U

is described topologically in terms of the disjoint union of clusters sets, each of them consisting of one or two connected components in

C

\mathbb {C}

, improving the results in (see Baker and Domínguez [Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. Math. 24 (1999), pp. 437–464]; Bargmann [Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2008]).

Moreover, under mild assumptions on the location of singular values in

U
U

(allowing them even to accumulate at infinity, as long as they accumulate through accesses to

∞
\infty

), we show that periodic and escaping boundary points are dense in

∂
U

\partial U

, and that all periodic boundary points accessible from

U
U

. Finally, under similar conditions, the set of singularities of

g
g

is shown to have zero Lebesgue measure, strengthening substantially the results (see Evdoridou et al. [J. Math. Anal. Appl. 477 (2019), pp. 536–550; Arnold Math. J. 6 (2020), pp. 459–493]).
The Spices of Different Cuisines: The Imitation of God between Philosophy and Sufism
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter selectively introduces the viewpoints of a number of ancient philosophers and the different interpretations they invite. We may notably distinguish between moral and intellectual interpretations of the idea of godlikeness. It then offers a broad-brush survey of various contexts in which the idea was developed in the Islamic world. We find expressions of the idea in the works of prominent philosophers, including Abū Bakr al-Rāzī, al-Fārābī, Avicenna, and Miskawayh. It also appears in a range of affiliated genres, such as scriptural reworkings of the virtues (al-Rāghib al-Iṣfahānī) and mirrors for princes (pseudo-Māwardī). It assumes a vivid form in Sufi literature, where it is focused by the beautiful names of God as attested by scriptural texts. God’s names are not simply objects for abstract understanding; they make moral and spiritual demands. Al-Qushayrī provides an important set of foundations for this line of thinking.
Skin in the Game: Theological Risks and Semantic Strategies
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the theological qualms aroused by the idea of imitating God. A number of the key methodological principles that al-Ghazālī adopts in the Beautiful Names can be seen as an attempt to address these qualms. This includes his basic distinction between the semantic content of the beautiful names when applied to God and when applied to human beings. The chapter illustrates al-Ghazālī’s methodology through discussion of a range of specific names. The gap between human and divine applications is sharper in some cases than others. In certain cases, the human application appears stipulative. Similarly, some of God’s names can be fitted into standard lists of the virtues more easily than others. “Just” is a good example, which also illustrates the important role played by empirical investigation in the understanding of God’s character.
Where Morality Stops: Cognitive Education, Moral Plenitude, and the Importance of Lists
Authors: Vasalou Sophia 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This chapter explores the resources available in the Islamic tradition, and in al-Ghazālī’s work more specifically, for responding to the practical challenge outlined in Chapter 11. What we count as a “relevant” similarity is open to change; exponents of the idea of godlikeness commonly invite a reappraisal of our self-understanding. The problem of excessive moral superiority can be linked to the oft-discussed problem of the demandingness of morality. While al-Ghazālī appears to endorse a maximalist model of morality, he demonstrates a clear concern with the need to place boundaries around the pursuit of virtue. Important evidence includes his adoption of a threshold theory of virtue. It also includes some of the practical devices he recommends as tools for moral improvement.
Fast and reliable confidence intervals for a variance component
Authors: Zhang Yiqiao , Ekvall Karl Oskar , Molstad Aaron J 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We show that in a variance component model, confidence intervals with asymptotically correct uniform coverage probability can be obtained by inverting certain test-statistics based on the score for the restricted likelihood. The results apply in settings where the variance component is near or at the boundary of the parameter set. Simulations indicate the proposed test statistics are approximately pivotal and lead to confidence intervals with near-nominal coverage even in small samples. We illustrate our methods’ application in spatially resolved transcriptomics where we compute approximately 15000 confidence intervals, used for gene ranking, in less than 4 minutes. In the settings we consider, the proposed method is between two and 28000 times faster than popular alternatives, depending on how many confidence intervals are computed.
Head and neck manifestations of extramedullary plasmacytomas and their differential diagnoses: a pictorial review
Authors: Wilkinson S , Jawad S , Kowa X 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma are plasma cell dyscrasias that typically present as bone tumour(s) due to abnormal and unregulated proliferation of plasma cells in the skeletal marrow. Both can manifest as soft tissue lesions within the head and neck region, and they may pose a diagnostic challenge given their relative rarity. This review aims to highlight the key multimodality imaging features of plasma cell neoplasms with an emphasis on extraosseous/extramedullary presentations in the anatomically complex head and neck region, as well as the relevant anatomy of various head and neck subsites and the main differential diagnoses that the radiologist should consider. Familiarity with these entities is crucial and will help the radiologist facilitate the timely diagnosis of plasma cell neoplasia using the arsenal of increasingly available and sensitive imaging techniques.
Successful implantation of an EVOQUE-tricuspid valve replacement system in a patient with two right ventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator leads: a case report
Authors: Genske Florian , Marquetand Christoph , Eitel Ingo , Frerker Christian , Schmidt Tobias 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a disease with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Besides surgery and transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER), transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement has evolved as a possible treatment option in high-risk patients with an unfavourable anatomy for TEER.

Case summary
We present a case of an 82-year-old patient with torrential TR due to an annulus dilation and subsequent central gap of &gt;8 mm. Echocardiographic guiding was impeded by the presence of two permanent right ventricular implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) leads and previous surgical aortic valve implantation and mitral valve reconstruction. An EVOQUE prosthesis (Edwards Lifesciences; Irvine, USA) was successfully implanted without impairment of the ICD function or significant paravalvular leakage.

Conclusion
Transcatheter tricuspid valve replacement with the EVOQUE-tricuspid valve replacement system is feasible even in patients with two right ventricular ICD leads and limited echocardiographic visibility.
May Measurement Month 2022: an analysis of blood pressure screening results from Malawi
Authors: Ndhlovu Henry , Chirwa Maureen , Mbulaje Lucia , Chiwanda Johnathan , Kumwanje Samuel , Beaney Thomas , Kerr Gabriele , Poulter Neil R 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign was carried out in Malawi in 2022 with the aim of raising awareness of raised blood pressure (BP). Here, we report on the findings of the campaign. Adults aged ≥ 18 years were recruited opportunistically in rural and urban areas of Blantyre, Lilongwe Mangochi and Machinga districts in various settings including hospitals/clinics, community places, churches and workplaces. Three seated BP readings were taken for each participant, along with completion of a questionnaire on demographics, lifestyle factors, and comorbidities. Hypertension was defined as a systolic BP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥ 90 mmHg or being on antihypertensive medication. Controlled BP was defined as being on antihypertensive medication with a BP &lt;140/90 mmHg. Multiple imputation was used to estimate any missing BP readings. In total, 20 461 were screened, with a mean age of 42.2 years and 58.2% of whom were female. Of all participants, 5581 (27.3%) had hypertension, of whom 1527 (27.4%) were aware, and 1384 (24.8%) were on antihypertensive medication. Of those on antihypertensive medication, 1020 (73.7%) had controlled BP, and of all participants with hypertension, 18.3% had controlled BP. In conclusion, the MMM campaign in Malawi identified significant numbers of participants with either untreated or inadequately treated hypertension. However, screening was only conducted in only four districts and hence there is a significant opportunity to expand BP screening across Malawi for early detection of hypertension to maximize impact.
Understanding factors influencing personal care workers intentions to leave: A systematic integrative review
Authors: O’Keefe Britt , Yuen Eva , Dow Briony , Perlen Susan , Hutchinson  Alison M 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
The global need for older persons’ care, driven by demographic shifts such as an aging population and increased life expectancy, is outpacing the available care workforce. Nursing home operators face complex workforce challenges, including high turnover and low retention, particularly among personal care workers (PCW). The objective of this review was to understand the factors influencing PCWs’ intention to leave.

Research Design and Methods
Following Whittemore and Knafl's methodology and adhering to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, an integrative review of peer-reviewed literature published between 1997 and 2024 was undertaken. A comprehensive search was conducted across several databases, including Business Source Complete, CINAHL Complete, Medline Complete, APA PsycINFO, and EMBASE. All studies underwent independent screening and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool.

Results
Included were 21 articles reporting 20 studies using quantitative (n=17), qualitative (n=3), and mixed methods (n=1), which identified various factors influencing PCWs’ intention to leave. These factors were categorized as individual, job and organizational, and socio-political-environmental. Demographic characteristics, employee satisfaction, health, career development, workplace conditions, leadership, empowerment, resident connections, and societal perceptions influenced personal care workers’ intentions to leave.

Discussion and Implications
The findings of this review reveal opportunities for nursing home operators and policy-makers to implement strategies to mitigate the high rates of turnover through PCW role and organizational reforms. Further, the findings underscore the need for qualitative research exploring the perceptions and experiences shaping the employment intentions of current and former PCWs.
Family Structure and Unmet Care Needs among Older Adults with and without Dementia in the U.S
Authors: Patterson Sarah E , Freedman Vicki A 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Family members provide the bulk of assistance to older adults with care needs, but implications of family structure for unmet care needs—and differences when dementia is present—are less clear.

Research Design and Methods
We use samples of older adults with care needs from the 2015 National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS) and the 2017 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). We examine two measures that indicate whether needs are being met for self-care and mobility activities: having unassisted difficulty with at least one activity (NHATS, PSID) and experiencing any adverse consequences related to a lack of help (NHATS). In NHATS we also combine these to identify individuals with met (no unassisted difficulty; no consequences), self-met (unassisted difficulty only), under-met (any consequence only), and unmet needs (unassisted difficulty, any consequence).

Results
Adverse consequences were reported more often among those with dementia (43%) relative to those without (24%); in contrast, unassisted difficulty was reported by fewer older adults with dementia (68%, 70%) than without dementia (85%, 87%). Having more family members was positively associated (OR=1.039) and having a spouse or partner was inversely associated (OR=0.700) with experiencing adverse consequences. Having stepchildren was associated with lower odds of having unassisted difficulty (OR=0.228, 0.531), but greater odds of unmet (relative to met) needs (RRR=1.610). Most family associations were not moderated by dementia.

Discussion and Implications
Adverse consequences, unassisted difficulty, and unmet need are distinct concepts, and produce different estimates and distinctive relationships with dementia and family structure.
FarmGTEx TWAS-server: An Interactive Web Server for Customized TWAS Analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhenyang , Chen Zitao , Teng Jinyan , Liu Shuli , Lin Qing , Wu Jun , Gao Yahui , Bai Zhonghao ,   The FarmGTEx Consortium, Li Bingjie , Liu George , Zhang Zhe , Pan Yuchun , Zhang Zhe , Fang Lingzhao , Wang Qishan 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS) is a powerful approach for investigating the molecular mechanisms linking genetic loci to complex phenotypes. However, the complexity of the TWAS analytical pipeline including the construction of gene expression reference panels, gene expression prediction, and association analysis using data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) poses challenges for genetic studies in many species. In this study, we provide the Farm Animal Genotype-Tissue Expression (FarmGTEx) TWAS-server, an interactive and user-friendly multispecies platform designed to streamline the translation of genetic findings across tissues and species. The server incorporates gene expression data from 49 human tissues (838 individuals), 34 pig tissues (5457 individuals), and 23 cattle tissues (4889 individuals), providing prediction models for 38,180 human genes, 21,037 pig genes, and 17,942 cattle genes. It supports genotype-based gene expression prediction, GWAS summary statistics imputation, customizable TWAS analysis, functional annotations, and result visualization. Additionally, we provide 479,203, 1208, and 657 tissue–gene–trait associations for 1129 humans traits, 41cattle traits, and 11 pigs traits, respectively. Utilizing the TWAS-server, we validated the association of the ABCD4 gene with pig teat numbers. Furthermore, we identified that pig backfat thickness may share genetic similarities with human diastolic blood pressure, sarcoidosis (Lofgren syndrome), and body mass index (BMI). The FarmGTEx TWAS-server offers a comprehensive and accessible platform for researchers to perform TWAS analyses across tissues and species. It is freely available at https://twas.farmgtex.org, with regular updates planned as the FarmGTEx project expands to include more species.
Living on the Rocks: Genomic Analysis of Limestone Langurs Provides Novel Insights into the Adaptive Evolution in Extreme Karst Environments
Authors: Zhijin Liu , Zhang Xiongfei , Wang Peipei , Hong Minheng , Yan Xiaochan , Qi Xiaoqiu , Zhao Qian , Chen Zhenghao , Nie Huajian , Li Hui , Li Ziwen , Zhang Liye , Qi Jiwei , He Chaolei , Van Truong Nguyen , Le Minh D , Nadler Tilo , Imai Hiroo , Roos Christian , Li Ming 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Understanding how organisms adapt to their environments is a central question in evolutionary biology. Limestone langurs are unique among primates, as they are exclusively found in karst limestone habitats and have evolved mechanisms to tolerate high levels of mineral ions, which are typically associated with metal toxicity affecting organs, cells, and genetic material. We generated a high-quality reference genome (Tfra_5.0) for the limestone langur (Trachypithecus francoisi), along with genome re-sequencing data for 48 langurs representing 15 Trachypithecus species. Genes coding for ion channels (e.g., Na+, K+, and Ca2+) exhibited significantly accelerated evolution in limestone langurs. Limestone langur-specific mutations in Na+ and Ca2+ channels were experimentally confirmed to modify inward ion currents in vitro. Unexpectedly, scans for positive selection also identified genes involved in DNA damage response/repair pathways, a previously unknown adaption. This finding highlights an evolutionary adaptation in limestone langurs that mitigate the increased risk of DNA damage posed by elevated metal ion concentrations. Notably, a limestone langur-specific mutation (E94D) of the melanocortin 1 receptor was associated with increased basal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, contributing to the species’ darker coat color, which likely serves as camouflage on limestone rocks. Our findings reveal novel adaptive evolutionary mechanisms of limestone langurs and offer broader insights into organismal adaptation to extreme environments, with potential implications for understanding human health, biological evolution, and biodiversity conservation.
Sex Differences in Anti–Epstein-Barr Virus Antibody Responses
Authors: Jackson Sarah S , Francis Julia , Pfeiffer Ruth M , Proietti Carla , Coghill Anna E , Yu Kelly J , Sarathkumara Yomani D , Hsu Wan-Lun , Argirion Ilona , Wang Cheng-Ping , Chen Chien-Jen , Rothman Nathaniel , Lan Qing , Hildesheim Allan , Doolan Denise L , Liu Zhiwei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
We investigated anti–Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses by sex among 387 cancer-free individuals in Asia. Antibody responses were measured using an EBV proteome array to assess age-adjusted, sex-specific associations with 404 EBV antigens in 86 protein sequences via meta-analysis and pathway analysis by EBV stage. Males were more likely to have elevated IgA responses (P = .001) and females had higher IgG responses (P = .003). Significant sex associations were observed across stages of lytic replication. The largest sex differences were seen in latent IgA, but no differences were observed in latent IgG antibodies. Higher IgA responses suggest higher rates of EBV reactivation in males.