bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Alignment is only part of the equation: High variability in soft tissue distractibility in the varus knee undergoing primary TKA
Authors: Grosso Matthew J. , Wakelin Edgar A. , Plaskos Christopher , Lee Gwo‐Chin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the in vivo medial and lateral joint laxities across various total knee arthroplasty (TKA) alignment categories correlated to (1) hip–knee–ankle angle, (2) proximal tibial angle and (3) distal femoral angle in a consecutive group of patients undergoing robotic‐assisted TKA.MethodsUsing ligament tensions acquired during 805 robotic‐assisted TKA with a dynamic ligament tensor under a load of 70–90 N, the relationship between medial and lateral collateral ligament laxity and overall limb alignment was established. Only knees with neutral or mechanical varus alignment were included and divided into five groups: neutral (0°–3°), varus 3°–5°, varus 6°–9°, varus 10°–13° and varus ≥14°. Groups were further subdivided by the intraoperative medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA). The distraction of the medial and lateral sides was compared across the various alignments using an analysis of variance.ResultsThe ability to distract the medial collateral ligament in extension and flexion was proportional to the degree of varus deformity, increasing from 4.0 ± 2.3 mm in the neutral group to 8.7 ± 3.2 mm in the varus ≥14° group (p < 0.0001). On the lateral side, the distraction of the lateral collateral ligament decreased in both extension (2.2 ± 2.4 vs. 1.2 ± 2.7, p < 0.0001) and flexion (2.8 ± 2.8 to 1.7 ± 3.0, p < 0.0001) with increasing native varus deformity. MPTA and LDFA had similar effects, where increasing MPTA varus and LDFA valgus increased medial distractibility in extension and flexion. There was significant variability of the stretch of the ligaments within and across all alignment categories, in which the standard deviation of the groups ranged from 2.0 to 3.0 mm.ConclusionThis study demonstrates increased medial ligament distractibility with increasing varus deformity. However, there was significant variability in ligamentous laxity within various limb alignment categories suggesting the anatomy and soft tissue identity of the knee is complex and highly variable. TKAs seeking to be more anatomic will not only need to restore alignment but also native soft tissue tensions.Level of EvidenceLevel III, prognostic.
Knee kinematics are not different between asymmetrical and symmetrical tibial baseplates in total knee arthroplasty: A fluoroscopic analysis of step‐up and lunge motions
Authors: Koster Lennard A. , Kaptein Bart L. , van der Linden‐van der Zwaag Enrike H. M. J. , Nelissen Rob G. H. H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThis clinical fluoroscopy study investigated knee kinematics of two different cemented fixed‐bearing, posterior‐stabilised (PS) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) designs: an asymmetric tibial component including an asymmetric insert designed to optimise personalised balance and fit and its precursor symmetrical design with symmetric insert.MethodsA consecutive series of patients (16 TKAs from each treatment group) participating in a randomised controlled trial comparing TKA migration was included. The exclusion criterion was the use of walking aids. Flat‐panel fluoroscopic recordings of step‐up and lunge motions were acquired 1‐year postoperatively. Medial and lateral contact points (CPs) were determined to calculate CP displacement, femoral axial rotation and pivot position. Using linear mixed‐effects modelling techniques, kinematics between TKA designs were compared.ResultsDuring knee extension between 20° flexion and full extension, the CPs moved anteriorly combined with a small internal femoral rotation (a screw‐home mechanism). Whereas CP movement was reversed: femoral rollback, external femoral rotation while flexing the knee between full extension and 20° knee flexion, At larger flexion angles, femoral axial rotation (FAR) occurred around a lateral pivot point both during step‐up and lunge. The symmetric design had a 2.3° larger range of FAR compared to the asymmetric design during lunge (p = 0.02). All other kinematics were comparable.ConclusionDespite the differences in design, this study showed that the asymmetric and symmetric PS TKA designs had mostly comparable knee kinematics during step‐up and lunge motions. It is therefore expected that the functionality of the successor TKA design is similar to that of its precursor design.Level of EvidenceLevel II, prospective comparative study.
Information videos posted on Instagram by orthopaedics and sports traumatology surgeons mostly explain surgical technique, and the least mentioned topics are injury prevention and complications
Authors: Şahbat Yavuz , Kocaoğlu Barış , Ollivier Matthieu , Cerciello Simone , Akgün Doruk , Alentorn‐Geli Eduard , Kayaalp Mahmut Enes , Akın Hasan Furkan , Knauer Poroshista , Hariri Abdulaziz , Mocini Fabrizio , Bartroli Aleix Pons , Seil Romain 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeSocial media has become the new information acquisition platform for all content producers. In the current literature, there are no studies examining the content quality and the strengths and weaknesses of videos on Instagram that explain anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, which is the most discussed topic of sports surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality, strengths and weaknesses of information pertaining to ACL surgery that is disseminated on Instagram.MethodAn Instagram search was conducted from 30 May 2023 to 30 January 2024. The search encompassed six languages (English, Spanish, German, French, Italian and Turkish) and was performed by six different observers. The investigation focused on eight subheadings derived from current literature on the ACL. These subheadings were addressed in Instagram videos, covering ACL biology or biomechanics, injury mechanism, injury prevention, injury evaluation, surgical technique, injury or surgery complications, injury rehabilitation process and return to sport or work.ResultThe content was assessed of 127 videos from 127 Instagram accounts, spanning six different languages. Across the review of eight subheadings, the average number covered for the entire group was 3 (range, 0–8). Further analysis revealed that surgical technique was the most frequently mentioned subheading for the whole group (68.5%), followed by injury evaluation (54.3%). Prevention (10.2%) and complications (19.6%) were the least mentioned subheadings. The number of followers showed a correlation with video content quality.ConclusionAlthough the video quality scores were found to be moderate, the content often focused on surgery and evaluation subheadings. The prevalence of incomplete information underscores the importance of developing strategies to ensure more comprehensive and accurate dissemination of medical knowledge.Level of EvidenceLevel V.
Beyond the Microscale: Advances in Surface Nanopatterning by Laser‐Driven Self‐Organization
Authors: Nakhoul Anthony , Colombier Jean‐Philippe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDesigning complex local properties that seamlessly integrate efficient functions into processed materials presents a formidable challenge. A promising solution has emerged in the form of ultrafast laser‐surface structuring. Through time‐controlled polarization ultrafast irradiation at the picosecond timescale, spontaneous self‐organization of surfaces can be induced. The thermal gradient length scale unfolds on the micro‐ and nanoscale, instigating thermoconvection that leads to structured surfaces upon quenching. Convective instabilities dynamically shape intricate yet self‐regulated periodic relief structures. The ability to achieve laser‐induced self‐organization in both surface dimensions holds immense scientific importance, as it unlocks the potential to create uniform periodic 2D patterns by harnessing the inherent regulation of nonlinear dynamics processes in fluids. This comprehensive review explores recent advances in understanding and leveraging ultrafast laser‐induced self‐organization for precise patterning across versatile scales and applications. The insights herein hold the potential to drive significant advancements in nanoscale manufacturing through 2D laser‐induced periodic surface structures.
Comparison of antimicrobial properties of inorganic peroxide polymer composites
Authors: Job Dario , Matta Justin , Dang Cat‐Thy , Raphael Yara , Vorstenbosch Joshua , Helli Bentolhoda , Merle Geraldine , Barralet Jake 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWound healing and prevention of bacterial infections are critical aspects of modern medical care. In this work, antibacterial films were produced by creating composites of polycaprolactone with inorganic peroxides. Calcium, magnesium, and zinc peroxide were incorporated in a biocompatible polymeric film. Iron oxide, sodium bicarbonate, and calcium phosphate were added to reduce hydrogen peroxide and to maintain pH in a less alkaline range, allowing for optimization of the material's antibacterial efficacy while minimizing cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts. Experiments with common wound pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aerugonisa, confirmed significant and prolonged antibacterial effects of peroxide‐doped films. Findings showed that the addition of CaO2 and MgO2 within the film increased cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts after 48 h (30%–40% decrease compared to control), whereas ZnO2‐based films exhibited a minimal cytotoxicity consistently maintaining over 70% cell viability throughout the course of the experiment. We examined the materials’ sustained release of reactive oxygen species and oxygen, and pH variation correlated with antibacterial activity. Given the unique combination of antibacterial efficacy and mammalian biocompatibility, these peroxides have value as components to sustain hydrogen peroxide release when appropriately compounded to reduce pH variation and avoid excessive hydrogen peroxide levels.
Contribution of MRI for the Early Diagnosis of Parkinsonism in Patients with Diagnostic Uncertainty
Authors: Chougar Lydia , Faucher Alice , Faouzi Johann , Lejeune François‐Xavier , Gama Lobo Gonçalo , Jovanovic Carna , Cormier Florence , Dupont Gwendoline , Vidailhet Marie , Corvol Jean‐Christophe , Colliot Olivier , Lehéricy Stéphane , Grabli David , Degos Bertrand 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundInternational clinical criteria are the reference for the diagnosis of degenerative parkinsonism in clinical research, but they may lack sensitivity and specificity in the early stages.ObjectivesTo determine whether magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, through visual reading or machine‐learning approaches, improves diagnostic accuracy compared with clinical diagnosis at an early stage in patients referred for suspected degenerative parkinsonism.MaterialsPatients with initial diagnostic uncertainty between Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multisystem atrophy (MSA), with brain MRI performed at the initial visit (V1) and available 2‐year follow‐up (V2), were included. We evaluated the accuracy of the diagnosis established based on: (1) the international clinical diagnostic criteria for PD, PSP, and MSA at V1 (“Clin1”); (2) MRI visual reading blinded to the clinical diagnosis (“MRI”); (3) both MRI visual reading and clinical criteria at V1 (“MRI and Clin1”), and (4) a machine‐learning algorithm (“Algorithm”). The gold standard diagnosis was established by expert consensus after a 2‐year follow‐up.ResultsWe recruited 113 patients (53 with PD, 31 with PSP, and 29 with MSA). Considering the whole population, compared with clinical criteria at the initial visit (“Clin1”: balanced accuracy, 66.2%), MRI visual reading showed a diagnostic gain of 14.3% (“MRI”: 80.5%; P = 0.01), increasing to 19.2% when combined with the clinical diagnosis at the initial visit (“MRI and Clin1”: 85.4%; P < 0.0001). The algorithm achieved a diagnostic gain of 9.9% (“Algorithm”: 76.1%; P = 0.08).ConclusionOur study shows the use of MRI analysis, whether by visual reading or machine‐learning methods, for early differentiation of parkinsonism. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Long‐Term High‐Fat Diet Consumption Aggravates β‐Amyloid Deposition and Tau Pathology Accompanied by Microglial Activation in an Alzheimer's Disease Model
Authors: Liang Zheng , Gong Xiaokang , Zhao Yang , Zhao Yanna , Yu Jing , Huang Tiantian , Yang Chaoqing , Wu Liangwei , Huang Mengbing , Wang Xiaochuan , Shu Xiji , Bao Jian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevailing form of dementia, with long‐term high‐fat diet (HFD) consumption being a pivotal contributor to AD pathogenesis. As microglial dysfunction is a crucial factor in the AD onset, it becomes imperative to explore the effects of HFD on microglial function and AD pathogenesis. In the present study, 3xTg‐AD model mice at the age of 9‐month are subjected to random allocation, with one group receiving a standard diet (ND) and the other an HFD for 3 months. Subsequently, transcriptomic profiling of microglia unveils that HFD alters fatty acid metabolism and mediates T cell infiltration. Within the hippocampus, microglia exhibit aberrant morphology and lipid accretion in response to the HFD, evidenced by conspicuously enlarged microglial cell bodies and accumulation of lipid droplets. These lipid‐droplet‐accumulating microglia exhibit diminished migratory capacity and compromise plaque consolidation, thereby exacerbating the accumulation of β‐amyloid. Noteworthy, the HFD induces T cell infiltration, thereby aggravating neuroinflammation and Tau phosphorylation. Morris water maze test reveals that HFD‐consuming mice display marked impairment in memory performance. In summary, this study demonstrates that prolonged HFD consumption exacerbates amyloid deposition, tau pathology, and cognitive deficits, which is associated with the accumulation of lipid droplets within microglia.
Progress in heavy ion cancer therapy at IMP and future development
Authors: Li Qiang , Liu Xinguo , Dai Zhongying , He Pengbo , Ma Yuanyuan , Shen Guosheng , Jin Xiaodong , Ye Fei , Zheng Xiaogang , Zhao Ting , Zhang Hui , Li Zheng , Zou Bingwen , Pu Yuehu , Chen Weiqiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBasic research on heavy ion cancer therapy such as radiobiology, medical physics, and therapeutic technique has been conducted at the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP), Chinese Academy of Sciences since 1995. Based on the achievements acquired in the basic research and the requirements for a heavy ion accelerator for radiotherapy purposes, a dedicated heavy ion therapy facility named Heavy Ion Medical Machine (HIMM) was designed at IMP and constructed in Wuwei, China. The HIMM facility consists of two electron cyclotron resonance ion sources, one cyclotron as the injector and one synchrotron as the main accelerator, and four different treatment rooms equipped with passive or active beam delivery systems, and accelerates carbon ions up to 400 MeV/u. After the performance inspection of HIMM organized by the National Medical Device Inspection Center, preclinical tests like cell and animal radiobiological experiments and dosimetric verification using anthropomorphic phantoms for elucidating the biophysical properties of the carbon ion beams provided by HIMM were carried out. According to the Chinese medical device regulations, a clinical trial in which 46 tumor patients were recruited and two hospitals participated was conducted in the HIMM facility, aiming at evaluating the treatment safety and short‐term efficacy of the medical device. The success of the clinical trial helped the HIMM facility be authorized by the Chinese government as a class III medical device. In this paper, all the aspects mentioned above are introduced and discussed, and implications for future improvements are also given.
Changes in the excitability of anterior horn cells in a mental rotation task of body parts
Authors: Nomura Makoto , Aoyagi Yoichiro , Suzuki Toshiaki 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIntroduction/AimsMental rotation (MR), a tool of implicit motor imagery, is the ability to rotate mental representations of two‐ or three‐dimensional objects. Although many reports have described changes in brain activity during MR tasks, it is not clear whether the excitability of anterior horn cells in the spinal cord can be changed. In this study, we examined whether MR tasks of hand images affect the excitability of anterior horn cells using F‐wave analysis.MethodsRight‐handed, healthy participants were recruited for this study. F‐waves of the right abductor pollicis brevis were recorded after stimulation of the right median nerve at rest, during a non‐MR task, and during an MR task. The F‐wave persistence and the F/M amplitude ratio were calculated and analyzed.ResultsTwenty participants (11 men and 9 women; mean age, 29.2 ± 4.4 years) were initially recruited, and data from the 18 that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The F‐wave persistence was significantly higher in the MR task than in the resting condition (p = .001) or the non‐MR task (p = .012). The F/M amplitude ratio was significantly higher in the MR task than in the resting condition (p = .019).DiscussionThe MR task increases the excitability of anterior horn cells corresponding to the same body part. MR tasks may have the potential for improving motor function in patients with reduced excitability of the anterior horn cells, although this methodology must be further verified in a clinical setting.
Multi‐porous extension of anisotropic poroelasticity: Linkage with micromechanics
Authors: Adamus Filip P. , Healy David , Meredith Philip G. , Mitchell Thomas M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe attempt to formalise the relationship between the poroelasticity theory and the effective medium theory of micromechanics. The assumptions of these two approaches vary, but both can be linked by considering the undrained response of a material; and that is the main focus of the paper. To analyse the linkage between poroelasticity and micromechanics, we do not limit ourselves to the original theory of Biot. Instead, we consider a multi‐porous extension of anisotropic poroelasticity, where pore fluid pressure may vary within the bulk medium of interest. As a consequence, any inhomogeneities in the material are not necessarily interconnected; instead, they may form isolated pore sets that are described by different poroelastic parameters and fluid pressures. We attempt to incorporate the effective methods inside Biot‐like theory and investigate the poroelastic response of various microstructures. We show the cases where such implementation is valid and the others that appear to be questionable. During micromechanical analysis, we derive a particular case of cylindrical transverse isotropy—commonly assumed in conventional laboratory triaxial tests—where the symmetry is induced by sets of aligned cracks.
Pt‐Fe loaded nanostructured silicon and improvement of the magnetic performance
Authors: Granitzer Petra , Rumpf Klemens , Gonzalez‐Rodriguez Roberto , Coffer Jeffery L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work reports the pore‐filling of porous silicon (PSi) and the loading of silicon nanotubes (SiNTs) with Pt‐Fe nanoparticles (NPs) and the corresponding different magnetic behavior of the two composite systems. The fabrication of magnetic hard/soft nanostructures is in demand for the purpose of achieving both a high energy product as well as the replacement of rare earth permanent magnets. Pt‐Fe templated by PSi shows a higher coercivity and remanence than SiNTs/Pt‐Fe and thus a higher hard magnetic performance, the difference between coercivities being about 57%. Considering that the Pt‐Fe deposits employ different molar ratios of Pt to Fe the coercivities vary in a range of 5% in the case of both template types. Comparing Pt‐Fe loaded samples with Co‐loaded samples in all cases, an increase of the coercivity and the remanence is observed for Pt‐Fe, whereas in the case of PSi as template material the increase is significantly stronger (about twice as much) than in the case of SiNTs samples. Furthermore, the samples are investigated at high temperatures up to 950 K to determine the Curie temperature of the systems.
Developing a conceptual model for understanding caregiving experience and their impacts on quality of life for Chinese breast cancer family caregivers: A qualitative study
Authors: Gao Chaoyue , Li Min , Guo Linfang , Duan Haoran , Zhang Peili , Ding Yongxia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimThe purpose of this study was to understand the caregiving experiences of breast cancer family caregivers and explore the profound impacts of those experiences on their quality of life.DesignA qualitative research method was used.MethodsWe extended invitations to 23 family caregivers of outpatients and inpatients receiving breast surgery and oncology treatments in Taiyuan, China, to participate in semi‐structured interviews. The interviews were audio‐recorded and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse the interview data.ResultsFour themes and associated categories were identified: (1) changes in family dynamics, (2) the socio‐medical context, (3) interactions between family and society, (4) self‐efficacy and nine subthemes and their related categories, where virtually all participants expressed future uncertainty, emotional contagion, and personal challenges, and self‐efficacy had a moderating influence on the first three themes.Patient or Public ContributionThis study did not involve direct participation of patients or the public. However, their experiences and perspectives on caregiving were indirectly reflected through the insights provided by the family caregivers who participated in the interviews. Their valuable input contributed to a deeper understanding of the caregiving experience and its impact on the quality of life for Chinese breast cancer family caregivers.
Unconditional optimal first‐order error estimates of a full pressure segregation scheme for the magnetohydrodynamics equations
Authors: Yang Yun‐Bo , Jiang Yao‐Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this article, a first‐order linear fully discrete pressure segregation scheme is studied for the time‐dependent incompressible magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) equations in three‐dimensional bounded domain. Based on an incremental pressure projection method, this scheme allows us to decouple the MHD system into two sub‐problems at each time step, one is the velocity‐magnetic field system, the other is the pressure system. Firstly, a coupled linear elliptic system is solved for the velocity and the magnetic field. Next, a Poisson‐Neumann problem is treated for the pressure. We analyze the temporal error and the spatial error, respectively, and derive the temporal‐spatial error estimates of for the velocity and the magnetic field in the discrete space and for the pressure in the discrete space without imposing constraints on the mesh width and the time step size . Finally, some numerical results are presented to confirm the theoretical predictions and demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
A balanced crew: Why discussions about foundations' governance and leadership must not forget about the non‐profits
Authors: Adams Katy 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis response to Ahmad and von Schnurbein's article argues that strategies for strengthening grant‐making foundations can be expanded through an examination of the relationship between foundations and non‐profits, in particular the power balance between them. It offers a preliminary discussion of the consequences of an imbalance of power for both foundation and non‐profit and the related role of communication both between them and within the organisations. It subsequently focusses on the need for more support for balanced relationships between foundations and non‐profits from the leadership of foundations and the wider sector.