bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Triploidy in rainbow trout determined by computer‐assisted analysis
Authors: Espinosa Emilio , Josa Agustín , Gil Lidia , Martí José Ignacio 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study was designed to assess the use of a computer‐assisted system based on erythrocyte measurements as a possible alternative to flow cytometry for identifying triploid rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Blood smears were prepared from 26 triploid and 26 diploid specimens, as determined by flow cytometry after staining blood cells with propidium iodide. The cell and nucleus lengths of 10 erythrocytes were determined in each fish. This was followed by discriminatory analysis to distinguish between diploids and triploids based on their score profiles. Triploid trout showed significantly larger erythrocyte cell and nucleus measurements than their diploid counterparts (N=52; P<0.0001). Erythrocyte length correctly identified 100% of the fish specimens as diploid or triploid, while nucleus length was a less accurate predictor of the level of ploidy. Our findings validate the potential use of computer‐assisted analysis for this purpose. J. Exp. Zool. 303A:1007–1012, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Reversal of photoschedule in spring does not prevent photorefractoriness in Siberian hamsters
Authors: Jefimow Małgorzata , Wojciechowski Michał S. , Tęgowska Eugenia 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe studied the influence of light–dark (L:D) cycle reversal on daily variations in the brown adipose tissue (BAT) capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in Siberian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Continuous and simultaneous measurements of BAT temperature (TBAT) and preferred ambient temperature (PTa) were made after noradrenaline (NA) injections administered every 4 hr. First, hamsters were acclimated for 4 weeks to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 23°C and 12L:12D, and then to a reversed photoschedule 12D:12L for 8 weeks. The same was done after a 4‐ and 8‐week acclimation period at the same Ta. We found that after photoschedule reversal, the re‐entrainment of TBAT and PTa rhythms preceded re‐entrainment of the NST rhythm. The daily rhythms of TBAT and PTa were fully re‐entrained after 4 weeks of acclimation to the reversed photoschedule, but rhythmicity of the response to NA disappeared. This rhythm was restored in hamsters acclimated to a reversed photoschedule for 8 weeks. We suggest that the daily rhythm of NST capacity is not responsible for generating the rhythm of body temperature (Tb). Rather, it is a result of the daily rhythm of Tb, but adjusts to the new environment more slowly than the Tb rhythm. When a daily rhythm of NST was present, the increase in TBAT after NA injection was inversely correlated with the pre‐injection TBAT. In addition, NA‐induced changes in PTa reflected the intensity of NST in BAT; namely, increased TBAT was correlated with the post‐injection decrease in PTa. When the increase in TBAT was large, animals chose a lower Ta to dissipate excessive heat and prevent overheating. In the course of the experiments, we recorded a decreased mean NST capacity and increased body mass of hamsters. These changes are representative of the time of photorefractoriness and a transition to a summer status. Despite prolonged exposure to an intermediate day length (12 hr of light) and photoschedule reversal, hamsters continued to change towards their summer condition and were able to acclimate to the new D:L cycle. J. Exp. Zool. 303A:976–986, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effects of prolonged acclimation to intermediate photoperiod and photoschedule reversal in photosensitive golden hamsters
Authors: Jefimow MaŁgorzata , Wojciechowski MichaŁ S. , TĘgowska Eugenia 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe investigated the effect of prolonged acclimation to 12 hr of light and photoschedule reversal during the time of photosensitivity in golden hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus). Before the experiments, animals were housed under natural photoperiod and then transferred to 12L:12D (light 12 hr:dark 12 hr) in autumn for 12 weeks. After 4 weeks of acclimation, photoschedule was reversed (12D:12L). First experiments were done after 4 weeks of acclimation to an ambient temperature (Ta) of 23°C and a 12L:12D photoschedule. We examined the daily variations in brown adipose tissue (BAT) capacity for nonshivering thermogenesis (NST). Noradrenaline (NA) injections were given every 4 hr while BAT temperature (TBAT) and preferred ambient temperature (PTa) were monitored continuously and simultaneously in a thermal gradient system. Then, we investigated the effect of light–dark cycle reversal on a daily rhythm of NST. The hamsters were acclimated to the photoschedule reversed by 12 hr and the same Ta. After 4 and 8 weeks of acclimation to a reversed photoschedule, the experiments were repeated. We found that the daily rhythm of the response to NA was entrained to the new light–dark cycle after 4 weeks of acclimation to a reversed photoschedule. Maximum effect of NA was always recorded during the light phase and in the latter part of the dark phase of the day. NA‐induced increase in TBAT was correlated with the decrease in PTa, and was also inversely correlated with pre‐injection TBAT. These data imply that the daily rhythm of the capacity for NST opposes the daily rhythm of body temperature (Tb). After 8 weeks of acclimation to the reversed photoschedule, the rhythmicity of the response to NA disappeared, and the daily fluctuations in TBAT were the smallest. This lack of rhythm may be a physiological adaptation to winter conditions when the daily amplitude of Tb rhythm is markedly reduced and, as a consequence, NST capacity does not vary within the day. Moreover, after 8 weeks of acclimation to reversed photoschedule, NST capacity decreased while response to saline increased. During the experiments, hamsters were photosensitive and were changing to their winter status. However, because of the lack of cold during acclimation, the capacity for NST did not increase. Increased responsiveness to saline, indicating an increase in stress‐induced thermogenesis, might be advantageous for “fight or flight” reaction. J. Exp. Zool. 303A:987–997, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of ameloblastin during enamel formation in a crocodile
Authors: Shintani Seikou , Kobata Mitsuhiko , Toyosawa Satoru , Ooshima Takashi 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAmeloblastin is an enamel‐specific protein that plays critical roles in enamel formation, as well as adhesion between ameloblasts and the enamel matrix, as shown by analyses of ameloblastin‐null mice. In the present study, we produced two distinct antibodies that recognize the N‐terminus and C‐terminus regions of caiman ameloblastin, in order to elucidate the fate of ameloblastin peptides during tooth development. An immunohistochemical study using the antibodies showed that caiman ameloblastin was a tooth‐specific matrix protein that may initially be cleaved into two groups, N‐ and C‐terminal peptides, as shown in mammals. The distribution of the N‐terminal peptides was much different from that of the C‐terminal peptides during enamel formation; however, it was similar to that of mammalian ameloblastin. Although ameloblastin is thought to have a relationship with the enamel prismatic structure in mammals, in the caiman, which has non‐prismatic enamel, functional ameloblastin has no relationship with any enamel structure. Consequently, it is suggested that ameloblastin has kept its original functions during the evolutionary transition from reptiles to mammals and that it has been conserved in both lineages during more than 200 million years of evolution. Our results support the notion that ameloblastin acts as a factor for ameloblast adhesion to enamel matrix, because distribution of the C‐terminal peptides was consistently restricted on the surface layers of enamel matrix specimens ranging from immature to nearly completely mature. The principal molecules that provide the adhesive function are presumably C‐terminal peptides.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 306B, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Do feathered dinosaurs exist? Testing the hypothesis on neontological and paleontological evidence
Authors: Feduccia Alan , Lingham‐Soliar Theagarten , Hinchliffe J. Richard 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe origin of birds and avian flight from within the archosaurian radiation has been among the most contentious issues in paleobiology. Although there is general agreement that birds are related to theropod dinosaurs at some level, debate centers on whether birds are derived directly from highly derived theropods, the current dogma, or from an earlier common ancestor lacking suites of derived anatomical characters. Recent discoveries from the Early Cretaceous of China have highlighted the debate, with claims of the discovery of all stages of feather evolution and ancestral birds (theropod dinosaurs), although the deposits are at least 25 million years younger than those containing the earliest known bird Archaeopteryx. In the first part of the study we examine the fossil evidence relating to alleged feather progenitors, commonly referred to as protofeathers, in these putative ancestors of birds. Our findings show no evidence for the existence of protofeathers and consequently no evidence in support of the follicular theory of the morphogenesis of the feather. Rather, based on histological studies of the integument of modern reptiles, which show complex patterns of the collagen fibers of the dermis, we conclude that “protofeathers” are probably the remains of collagenous fiber “meshworks” that reinforced the dinosaur integument. These “meshworks” of the skin frequently formed aberrant patterns resembling feathers as a consequence of decomposition. Our findings also draw support from new paleontological evidence. We describe integumental structures, very similar to “protofeathers,” preserved within the rib area of a Psittacosaurus specimen from Nanjing, China, an ornithopod dinosaur unconnected with the ancestry of birds. These integumental structures show a strong resemblance to the collagenous fiber systems in the dermis of many animals. We also report the presence of scales in the forearm of the theropod ornithomimid (bird mimic) dinosaur, Pelecanimimus, from Spain. In the second part of the study we examine evidence relating to the most critical character thought to link birds to derived theropods, a tridactyl hand composed of digits 1‐2‐3. We maintain the evidence supports interpretation of bird wing digit identity as 2,3,4, which appears different from that in theropod dinosaurs. The phylogenetic significance of Chinese microraptors is also discussed, with respect to bird origins and flight origins. We suggest that a possible solution to the disparate data is that Aves plus bird‐like maniraptoran theropods (e.g., microraptors and others) may be a separate clade, distinctive from the main lineage of Theropoda, a remnant of the early avian radiation, exhibiting all stages of flight and flightlessness. J. Morphol. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Survey of the year 2004: literature on applications of isothermal titration calorimetry
Authors: Ababou Abdessamad , Ladbury John E. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe market for commercially available isothermal titration calorimeters continues to grow as new applications and methodologies are developed. Concomitantly the number of users (and abusers) increases dramatically, resulting in a steady increase in the number of publications in which isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) plays a role. In the present review, we will focus on areas where ITC is making a significant contribution and will highlight some interesting applications of the technique. This overview of papers published in 2004 also discusses current issues of interest in the development of ITC as a tool of choice in the determination of the thermodynamics of molecular recognition and interaction. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization of nucleic acid aptamer/small molecule complexes for screening aptamer selectivity
Authors: Keller Karin M. , Breeden Megan M. , Zhang Junmei , Ellington Andrew D. , Brodbelt Jennifer S. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMolecular recognition of small molecule ligands by the nucleic acid aptamers for tobramycin, ATP, and FMN has been examined using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI‐MS). Mass spectrometric data for binding stoichiometry and relative binding affinity correlated well with solution data for tobramycin aptamer complexes, in which aptamer/ligand interactions are mediated by hydrogen bonds. For the ATP and FMN aptamers, where ligand interactions involve both hydrogen bonding and significant π‐stacking, the relative binding affinities determined by MS did not fully correlate with results obtained from solution experiments. Some high‐affinity aptamer/ligand complexes appeared to be destabilized in the gas phase by internal Coulombic repulsion. In CAD experiments, complexes with a greater number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds exhibited greater gas‐phase stability even in cases when solution binding affinities were equivalent. These results indicate that in at least some cases, mass spectrometric data on aptamer/ligand binding affinities should be used in conjunction with complementary techniques to fully assess aptamer molecular recognition properties. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microscale sample deposition onto hydrophobic target plates for trace level detection of neuropeptides in brain tissue by MALDI‐MS
Authors: Wei Hui , Dean Stacey L. , Parkin Mark C. , Nolkrantz Kerstin , O'Callaghan James P. , Kennedy Robert T. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA sample preparation method that combines a modified target plate with a nanoscale reversed‐phase column (nanocolumn) was developed for detection of neuropeptides by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS). A gold‐coated MALDI plate was modified with an octadecanethiol (ODT) self‐assembled monolayer to create a hydrophobic surface that could concentrate peptide samples into a ∼200–500‐µm diameter spot. The spot sizes generated were comparable to those obtained for a substrate patterned with 200‐µm hydrophilic spots on a hydrophobic substrate. The sample spots on the ODT‐coated plate were 100‐fold smaller than those formed on an unmodified gold plate with a 1‐µl sample and generated 10 to 50 times higher mass sensitivity for peptide standards by MALDI‐TOF MS. When the sample was deposited on an ODT‐modified plate from a nanocolumn, the detection limit for peptides was as low as 20 pM for 5‐µl samples corresponding to 80 amol deposited. This technique was used to analyze extracts of microwave‐fixed tissue from rat brain striatum. Ninety‐eight putative peptides were detected including several that had masses matching neuropeptides expected in this brain region such as substance P, rimorphin, and neurotensin. Twenty‐three peptides had masses that matched peaks detected by capillary liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization MS.1, 2 Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry study on dipeptide 4‐chlorobutyl ester produced from refluxing of amino acid with phosphoryl chloride in tetrahydrofuran
Authors: Zhou Gui Ji , Liu Ze , Wang Tong Jian , Xu Peng Xiang , Tang Gou , Ye Yong , Zhao Yu Fen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPhosphoryl chloride was able to promote the formation of peptide and the ringopening of tetrahydrofuran (THF) followed by a sequence of successive reactions by simply refluxing. ESI multistage tandem mass spectrometry was applied to trace the reaction and elucidate the product structures, dipeptide 4‐chlorobutyl ester. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fruit thinning and shade improve bean characteristics and beverage quality of coffee (Coffea arabica L.) under optimal conditions
Authors: Vaast Philippe , Bertrand Benoit , Perriot Jean‐Jacques , Guyot Bernard , Génard Michel 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUnder two contrasting light regimes (full sun and 45% shade) and the optimal coffee‐growing conditions of the central valley of Costa Rica, production pattern, bean characteristics and beverage quality were assessed over two production cycles on dwarf coffee (Coffea arabica L. cv. Costa Rica 95) trees with varying fruit loads (quarter, half and full loads) imposed by manual fruit thinning. Shade decreased coffee tree productivity by 18% but reduced alternate bearing. Shade positively affected bean size and composition as well as beverage quality by delaying berry flesh ripening by up to 1 month. Higher sucrose, chlorogenic acid and trigonelline contents in sun‐grown beans pointed towards incomplete bean maturation and explained the higher bitterness and astringency of the coffee beverage. Higher fruit loads reduced bean size owing to carbohydrate competition among berries during bean filling. These results have important implications in terms of agricultural management (shade, fruit thinning, tree pruning) to help farmers increase coffee plantation sustainability, produce coffee beans of larger size and higher quality and ultimately improve their revenues, especially during times of world overproduction. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Performance of hollow‐fiber flow field‐flow fractionation in protein separation
Authors: Park Ilyong , Paeng Ki‐Jung , Kang Dukjin , Moon Myeong Hee 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSince hollow‐fiber flow field‐flow fractionation (HF FlFFF) utilizes a cylindrical channel made of a hollow‐fiber membrane, which is inexpensive and simple in channel assembly and thus disposable, interests are increasing as a potential separation device in cells, proteins, and macromolecules. In this study, performance of HF FlFFF of proteins is described by examining the influence of flow rate conditions and length of fiber (polyacrylonitrile or PAN in this work) on sample recovery as well as experimental plate heights. The interfiber reproducibility in terms of separation time and recovery was also studied. Experiments showed that sample recovery was consistent regardless of the length of fiber when the effective field strength (equivalent to the mean flow velocity at the fiber wall) and the channel void time were adjusted to be equivalent for channels of various fiber lengths. This supported that the majority of sample loss in HF FlFFF separation of apoferritin and their aggregates may occur before the migration process. It is finally demonstrated that HF FlFFF can be applied for characterizing the reduction in Stokes' size of low density lipoproteins from blood plasma samples obtained from patients having coronary artery disease and from healthy donors.
Simultaneous determination of seven triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins in Folium Ilicis Purpureae by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with evaporative light scattering detection
Authors: Liao Li‐Ping , Li Song‐Lin , Li Ping 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA new HPLC coupled with evaporative light scattering detection method was established for the simultaneous determination of seven triterpenoids and triterpenoid saponins in Folium Ilicis Purpureae traditional Chinese medicinal herb derived from the leaf of Ilex purpurea, namely, 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl (1 → 2)‐β‐D‐[6‐O‐methyl‐glucuronopyranosyl]‐28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid (SQ‐1), pedunculoside (SQ‐2), 23‐hydroxytormentic acid 28‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (SQ‐3), 23‐hydroxytormentic acid (SQ‐4), rutundic acid (SQ‐5), ilexoside B (SQ‐6), and ursolic acid (SQ‐7). The optimal chromatographic conditions were achieved on a C18 column with a linear gradient elution of mobile phase A: deionized water–isopropyl alcohol–THF–acetic acid (90 : 10 : 6 : 1, v/v) and B: methanol–isopropyl alcohol–THF–acetic acid (90 : 10 : 6 : 1, v/v) at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; temperature for drift tube was set at 98°C and nitrogen flow rate was 2.8 L/min. All calibration curves of the seven compounds showed good linear regression (r 2 > 0.995) within test ranges. The developed method has good repeatability for quantitation of all analytes interested with overall intraday and interday variation of less than 4.1%. The LOD (S/N = 3) and LOQ (S/N = 10) were less than 0.13 and 0.26 μg/mL, respectively, for all analytes. The established method was successfully used to evaluate the quality of Folium Ilicis Purpureae samples of different collections.
Separation and determination of seven fluoroquinolones by pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Lü Haixia , Wu Xiaoping , Xie Zenghong , Lin Xucong , Guo Liangqia , Yan Chao , Chen Guonan 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn this paper, pressurized CEC was used for the separation and determination of seven fluoroquinolones (FQs). The effect of different experimental conditions, such as the concentration and pH of the buffer, the organic modifier concentration, the surfactant and ion‐paring agents added to the electrolyte, and applied voltage were studied. All the seven FQs were baseline separated using mobile phase containing 27% v/v ACN, 5 mmol/L Na2HPO4 buffer (pH 4.0 adjusted using citric acid), 11 mmol/L SDS, and 0.01% TEA v/v at detection wavelength of 287 nm and at an applied voltage of –10 kV. The calibration curves were linear (r >0.9991) over a concentration range of 1.0–50.0 mg/L for norfloxacin (NFLX); 2.5–50.0 mg/L for fleroxacin (FLX), ciprofloxacin (CPFX), and lomefloxacin (LMX); and 5.0–50.0 mg/L for enoxacin (ENX), ofloxacin (OFLX), and gatifloxacin (GFLX). The detection limits (S/N = 3) for ENX, OFLX, FLX, NFLX, CPFX, LMX, and GFLX were 0.5, 0.8, 0.4, 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/L, respectively. The method is simple, rapid, and reproducible. It was successfully applied to the analysis of fish muscle samples spiked with FQs. Mean recoveries ranged from 81.6 to 97.6%.
A boundary condition with memory for the Kirchhoff plate equations with non‐linear dissipation
Authors: Park Jong‐Yeoul , Kang Jum‐Ran 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the existence of solutions for the Kirchhoff plate equation with a memory condition at the boundary. We show the exponential decay to the solution, provided the relaxation function also decays exponentially. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tyrphostin‐A47 inhibitable tyrosine phosphorylation of flagellar proteins is associated with distinct alteration of motility pattern in hamster spermatozoa
Authors: Mariappa Daniel , Siva Archana B. , Shivaji Sisinthy , Seshagiri Polani B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractTo acquire fertilizing potential, mammalian spermatozoa must undergo capacitation and acrosome reaction. Our earlier work showed that pentoxifylline (0.45 mM), a sperm motility stimulant, induced an early onset of hamster sperm capacitation associated with tyrosine phosphorylation of 45–80 kDa proteins, localized to the mid‐piece of the sperm tail. To assess the role of protein tyrosine phosphorylation in sperm capacitation, we used tyrphostin‐A47 (TP‐47), a specific protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The dose‐dependent (0.1–0.5 mM) inhibition of tyrosine phosphorylation by TP‐47 was associated with inhibition of hyperactivated motility and 0.5 mM TP‐47‐treated spermatozoa exhibited a distinct circular motility pattern. This was accompanied by hypo‐tyrosine phosphorylation of 45–60 kDa proteins, localized to the principal piece of the intact‐sperm and the outer dense fiber‐like structures in detergent treated‐sperm. Sperm kinematic analysis (by CASA) of spermatozoa, exhibiting circular motility (at 1st hr), showed lower values of straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity and average path velocity, compared to untreated controls. Other TP‐47 analogues, tyrphostin‐AG1478 and ‐AG1296, had no effect either on kinematic parameters or sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation. These studies indicate that TP‐47‐induced circular motility of spermatozoa is compound‐specific and that the tyrosine phosphorylation status of 45–60 kDa flagellum‐localized proteins could be key regulators of sperm flagellar bending pattern, associated with the hyperactivation of hamster spermatozoa. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.