bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Autoinflation of eustachian tube in young children
Authors: Chan Kenny H. , Cantekin Erdem I. , Karnavas William J. , Bluestone Charles D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractInflation of the middle ear has long been thought to be beneficial in the treatment of otitis media. We describe a new system of autoinflation based on a modified Valsalva technique consisting of an anesthesia mask and a flowmeter which can be used successfully by children. An objective method to record eustachian tube opening during autoinflation using frequency spectrum analysis of the ear canal sounds is also presented. Tubal opening results of this method were compared to the traditional method using preinflation and postinflation tympanometry. Study subjects included 20 adults with normal otologic findings and 35 children with middle‐ear effusion; all together 107 ears of children and adults with and without effusion were tested. Using the frequency spectrum analysis, tubal opening was recorded in 75% of adult ears and 56% of children's ears. Also, in both groups, a sound pressure peak with the same characteristic frequency around 2 kHz was associated with tubal openings. The methods described are incorporated into a clinical trial being conducted at the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh.
The use of intradermal tests and relevance of negative controls in patients with negative or equivocal modified rast test scores to inhalant allergens
Authors: Radford Elaine R. , Berkowitz Ellis C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPatients with suspected inhalant allergy that demonstrate a Modified RAST Test (MRT) Class 0 and 1 (equivocal) may demonstrate positive infradermal (ID) skin whealing to suspect allergens. This whealing may be due, however, to an irritant reaction from glycerin used as a preservative in the extract.The purpose of this study is to establish the incidence of allergy as demonstrated by ID testing in patients with MRT Class 0 or 1 and to reinforce the importance of negative controls during ID testing.Fifty‐five consecutive patients evaluated for allergy with MRT Classes 0 or 1 were studied. Intradermal testing with 1:500 wt/vol concentrations of allergenic extracts and a 2% glycerin control were performed. Thirty‐eight patients (69%) were found to have ID whealing to allergenic extracts greater than the negative glycerin controls.We conclude that ID allergen testing of patients with MRT Class 0 or 1, when using a glycerin control, identifies additional allergens to be considered for immunotherapy.
Laryngeal papillomatosis: Clinical, histopathologic and molecular studies
Authors: Abramson Allan L. , Steinberg Bettie M. , Winkler Barbara 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe clinical course and pathology of 57 patients with laryngeal papillomatosis were reviewed. Tissues from 26 patients were analyzed for human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA by Southern blot hybridization. Histopathologic evaluation of the papillomas showed no correlation with age of onset or clinical pattern of remission and recurrence. The pathology was characterized by abnormal squamous maturation with parakeratosis, retardation of superficial cell maturation, papillomatosis, and basal hyperplasia. HPV DNA was present in all lesions, with 92% containing either HPV‐6 or 11. Latent HPV DNA was detected in clinically uninvolved tissues of 11 of 14 (78.5%) patients studied. There was no correlation between HPV type, histopathology and/or clinical pattern. Despite homogeneity of pathology, the clinical expression of laryngeal HPV infection varied widely. A mechanism for the pathogenesis of laryngeal papillomatosis, based on the concept of maturational arrest, is proposed.
Extrameningeal meningiomas of the infratemporal fossa: Diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Inglis Andrew F. , Yarington C. Thomas , Bolen John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA presentation of two recently treated extrameningeal meningiomas of the infratemporal fossa will be augmented by a review of the literature on this subject. These tumors are quite rare, insidious in their presentation, and, as a benign tumor, require consideration of surgical treatment which causes the least possible functional disability. The natural history of these lesions and the surgical approach which has proved most successful in our hands will be discussed in some detail.
“OCCULT” posterior laryngeal cleft
Authors: Tucker Gabriel F. , Maddalozzo John 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA previously undescribed deficiency of the posterior cricoid at the midline, wherein the mucosa overlying this deficiency is intact, is described. Clinically this presents as a variety of subglottic stenoses wherein the narrowing is primarily in the transverse subglottic diameter; the symptoms are, therefore, those of airway obstruction not laryngeal incompetence.It is suggested that this deformity has been previously overlooked by laryngologists and pathologists by virtue of a postmortem routine in which the larynx is routinely split in the posterior midline. Demonstration in these cases was by serial horizontal section of the intact, unsplit, whole larynx.
Epithelial carcinoma of the nasal fossa
Authors: Shidnia Homayoon , Hartsough Ann B. , Weisberger Edward , Hornback Ned B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractEpithelial carcinoma of the nasal cavity and vestibule occurs relatively rarely and is primarily treated with surgical excision, radiation therapy, or a combination of these two treatment modalities. This review describes the treatment methods and results of patients seen at the Indiana University School of Medicine from 1963 through 1983 in the Departments of Radiation Oncology and Otolaryngology.Using the medical records of 34 patients, this retrospective study reviews the clinical significance of histology, anatomical location of primary tumors, and therapeutic results, including the pattern of treatment failures of primary tumors. The results of radiation therapy alone compare favorably with the results of surgery alone. A review of the literature and this study indicate that patients receiving a combination of surgery and irradiation face a better prognosis than those who experience surgery or irradiation alone.
Eustachian tube patency detected by a photoelectric method
Authors: Yagi Nobuya , Haji Tomoyuki , Honjo Iwao 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA method was developed to observe tubal orifice movement by fiberscope and detect patency of the eustachian tube by a photoelectric device (phototubometry). A highly sensitive photodiode in the external ear canal detected tube opening as increased luminosity in the tympanic cavity from a light source placed at the pharyngeal portion of the eustachian tube. The phototubometric record was superimposed on a TV screen to compare the opening in the pharyngeal portion of the eustachian tube to the tube opening during swallowing. The phototubometric records of 21 normal subjects examined by phototubometry showed the close relationship with the opened tubal lumen at the tensor veli palatini muscle (TVP) attached portion. This method is useful for examining tubalpatency and observing changes in the pharyngeal portion of the eustachian tube.
Morbidity in pediatric tonsillectomy
Authors: Linden Barry E. , Gross Charles W. , Long Thomas E. , Lazar Rande H. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractTonsillectomy is one of the most common operations performed in the pediatric age group. Previous literature on morbidity in tonsillectomy has dealt predominantly with postoperative hemorrhage. Children undergoing tonsillectomy were divided in a prospective and random fashion into eight study groups to evaluate postoperative morbidity as it relates to the surgical technique used (electrocautery, dissection, KTP laser), methods of hemostasis (electrocautery, suture ligature), and the use of postoperative antibiotics. A total of 80 children were evaluated. Using the parameters of morbidity as defined in this study, blunt dissection tonsillectomy using suture ligatures for hemostasis, without postoperative antibiotics was found to result in the least morbidity in the pediatric age group.
Demonstration of prosthetic activation of central auditory pathways using [14C]‐2‐Deoxyglucose
Authors: Evans David A. , Niparko John K. , Altschuler Richard A. , Frey Kirk A. , Miller Josef M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cochlear prosthesis is not applicable to patients who lack an implantable cochlea or an intact vestibulocochlear nerve. Direct electrical stimulation of the cochlear nucleus (CN) of the brain stem might provide a method for auditory rehabilitation of these patients. A penetrating CN electrode has been developed and tissue tolerance to this device demonstrated. This study was undertaken to evaluate metabolic activation of central nervous system (CNS) auditory tracts produced by such implants. Regional cerebral glucose use resulting from CN stimulation was estimated in a series of chronically implanted guinea pigs with the use of [14C]−2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DG). Enhanced 2‐DG uptake was observed in structures of the auditory tract. The activation of central auditory structures achieved with CN stimulation was similar to that produced by acoustic stimulation and by electrical stimulation of the modiolar portion of the auditory nerve in control groups. An interesting banding pattern was observed in the inferior colliculus following CN stimulation, as previously described with acoustic stimulation. This study demonstrates that functional metabolic activation of central auditory pathways can be achieved with a penetrating CNS auditory prosthesis.
Central nervous system complications associated with acute otitis media in children
Authors: Friedman Ellen M. , Mcgill Trevor J. I. , Healy Gerald B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this article is to review a subset of pedi‐atric patients with otitis media occurring simultaneously with meningitis and other central nervous system diseases. Of the 92 cases reviewed, 61.3% involved patients under 12 months of age. Meningitis associated with otitis media involved 91% of the patients; the remainder had nonmeningi‐tic central involvement. The most striking finding was the high incidence of Haemophilus influenza type‐B, a relatively uncommon pathogen of the middle ear. This finding highlights the need to select antibiotic coverage to adequately treat Haemophilus influenza type‐B.
Endoscopic management of frontal sinus disease
Authors: Schaefer Steven D. , Close Lanny G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDepending on the pathologic process, the treatment of frontal sinus disease has consisted of obliteration or ablation of the sinus, or restoration of drainage into the nose. Intranasal endoscopic enlargement of the frontal recess and ostium, and removal of disease from the medial aspect of the frontal sinus offers a minimally invasive alternative to previous operations in selected patients. To better understand the indications, limitations, and potential problems with this operation, our experience with endoscopic frontal sinusotomy in 36 patients over a 30‐month period is reported. During the follow‐up period, 21 patients had complete resolution of all symptoms, 11 patients were improved but had at least one episode of sinusitis or headache post‐operatively, and 3 patients were worse, 2 of whom required frontal sinus obliteration for control of disease. Although endoscopic frontal sinusotomy appears to be a useful alternative to traditional frontal sinus procedures in selected patients, the reader is cautioned that such surgery is technically difficult and has not yet stood the test of time required of any frontal sinus operation.
Patient-related predictors of implant failure after primary total hip replacement in the initial, short- and long-terms
Authors: Johnsen S. P. , Sørensen H. T. , Lucht U. , Søballe K. , Overgaard S. , Pedersen A. B. 
Published: September 2006

We examined the association between patient-related factors and the risk of initial, short- and long-term implant failure after primary total hip replacement. We used data from the Danish Hip Arthroplasty Registry between 1 January 1995 and 31 December 2002, which gave us a total of 36 984 patients. Separate analyses were carried out for three follow-up periods: 0 to 30 days, 31 days to six months (short term), and six months to 8.6 years after primary total hip replacement (long term). The outcome measure was defined as time to failure, which included re-operation with open surgery for any reason. Male gender and a high Charlson co-morbidity index score were strongly predictive for failure, irrespective of the period of follow-up. Age and diagnosis at primary total hip replacement were identified as time-dependent predictive factors of failure. During the first 30 days after primary total hip replacement, an age of 80 years or more and hip replacement undertaken as a sequela of trauma, for avascular necrosis or paediatric conditions, were associated with an increased risk of failure. However, during six months to 8.6 years after surgery, being less than 60 years old was associated with an increased risk of failure, whereas none of the diagnoses for primary total hip replacement appeared to be independent predictors.
Total knee replacement in morbidly obese patients
Authors: Amin A. K. , Clayton R. A. E. , Patton J. T. , Gaston M. , Cook R. E. , Brenkel I. J. 
Published: September 2006

The results of 41 consecutive total knee replacements performed on morbidly obese patients with a body mass index > 40 kg/m2, were compared with a matched group of 41 similar procedures carried out in non-obese patients (body mass index < 30 kg/m2). The groups were matched for age, gender, diagnosis, type of prosthesis, laterality and pre-operative Knee Society Score. We prospectively followed up the patients for a mean of 38.5 months (6 to 66). No patients were lost to follow-up. At less than four years after operation, the results were worse in the morbidly obese group compared with the non-obese, as demonstrated by inferior Knee Society Scores (mean knee score 85.7 and 90.5 respectively, p = 0.08; mean function score 75.6 and 83.4, p = 0.01), a higher incidence of radiolucent lines on post-operative radiographs (29% and 7%, respectively, p = 0.02), a higher rate of complications (32% and 0%, respectively, p = 0.001) and inferior survivorship using revision and pain as end-points (72.3% and 97.6%, respectively, p = 0.02). Patients with a body mass index > 40 kg/m2 should be advised to lose weight prior to total knee replacement and to maintain weight reduction. They should also be counselled regarding the inferior results which may occur if they do not lose weight before surgery.
Trochleaplasty for recurrent patellar dislocation in association with trochlear dysplasia
Authors: von Knoch F. , Böhm T. , Bürgi M. L. , von Knoch M. , Bereiter H. 
Published: September 2006

We investigated the clinical and radiological outcome of trochleaplasty for recurrent patellar dislocation in association with trochlear dysplasia in 38 consecutive patients (45 knees) with a mean follow-up of 8.3 years (4 to 14). None had recurrence of dislocation after trochleaplasty. Post-operatively, patellofemoral pain, present pre-operatively in only 35 knees, became worse in 15 (33.4%), remained unchanged in four (8.8%) and improved in 22 (49%). Four knees which had no pain pre-operatively (8.8%) continued to have no pain. A total of 33 knees were available for radiological assessment. Post-operatively, all but two knees (93.9%) had correction of trochlear dysplasia radiologically but degenerative changes of the patellofemoral joint developed in 30% (10) of the knees. We conclude that recurrent patellar dislocation associated with trochlear dysplasia can be treated successfully by trochleaplasty, but the impact on patellofemoral pain and the development of patellofemoral osteoarthritis is less predictable. Overall, subjective patient satisfaction with restored patellofemoral stability after trochleaplasty appeared to outweigh its possible sequelae.
Vertebral Endplate Fractures: An Indicator of the Abnormal Forces Generated in the Spine After Vertebroplasty
Authors: Trout Andrew T , Kallmes David F , Layton Kennith F , Thielen Kent R , Hentz Joseph G 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Vertebroplasty alters spinal biomechanics and may lead to incident vertebral fractures. The endplate localization of prevalent and incident fractures was evaluated in 86 patients. In the absence of vertebroplasty, superior endplate fractures predominate. After the procedure, inferior endplate fractures are disproportionately common in adjacent vertebrae immediately above the treated level, potentially supporting a causative relationship between vertebroplasty and incident fractures.
Introduction: To determine retrospectively whether new-onset fractures after vertebroplasty tend to cluster in the endplate immediately adjacent to the cemented vertebra.
Materials and Methods: Institutional Review Board approval and patient consent for use the use of medical records were obtained for this study. We performed a retrospective review of patients with new (incident) vertebral fractures after vertebroplasty. The median age for these patients was 72.5 years, and 58 (67.4%) were women. Fractures were diagnosed on the basis of MRI or bone scan and were catalogued based on their location within the vertebral body (superior endplate, inferior endplate, or holo-vertebral). χ2 and generalized estimating equation (GEE) analyses were used to compare the distribution of fracture subtypes among pre-existing (prevalent) and incident fractures.
Results: The patients had 313 prevalent osteoporotic vertebral fractures and were treated at 137 vertebral levels. Among prevalent fractures, superior endplate fractures predominated (57% superior, 11% inferior; p &lt; 0.0001). After vertebroplasty, 186 incident fractures developed in these 86 patients. Seventy-seven (41%) of these incident fractures occurred adjacent to treated vertebrae. Nonadjacent, incident fractures, like prevalent fractures, occurred predominantly along superior endplate. Incident fractures immediately above treated levels, however, localized disproportionately to the inferior endplate (30% superior, 57% inferior; p &lt; 0.0001).
Conclusions: There are an increased number of inferior endplate fractures of the vertebral body immediately cephalad to the treated level.
Independent and Combined Contributions of Cancellous and Cortical Bone Deficits to Vertebral Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Qiu Shijing , Rao D Sudhaker , Palnitkar Saroj , Parfitt A Michael 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Using iliac bone histomorphometry on 78 patients with vertebral fracture and 66 healthy postmenopausal women, cortical thickness discriminated at least as well as any cancellous bone structural index between the two groups. Subjects with a deficit in both cortical and cancellous bone had much greater likelihood of fracture.
Introduction: Vertebral fracture is often attributed to disproportional loss of cancellous bone, but fracture patients may have deficits in cortical and cancellous bone. Accordingly, we examined the contribution of cortical and cancellous bone deficits, separately and together, to the likelihood of vertebral fracture.
Materials and Methods: Iliac bone histomorphometry was performed in 78 white woman with clinically apparent vertebral fracture, 66 healthy postmenopausal women, and 38 healthy premenopausal women. We measured cancellous bone volume (Cn.BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), cortical bone volume (Ct.BV/TV), and cortical thickness (Ct.Th). For each variable, a value of &gt;1 SD below the mean in premenopausal women was treated as a putative risk factor, and its association with the presence or absence of fracture was determined by OR calculated by logistic regression and by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Subsets of fracture and control subjects were separately matched for Cn.BV/TV and Ct.Th.
Results: All structural indices differed between fracture patients and controls except Ct.BV/TV. There was a weak but highly significant correlation between Cn.BV/TV and Ct.Th in the entire group (r = 0.389, r2 = 0.151 p &lt; 0.001). Many control subjects had a high value for one of these variables and a low value for the other. Ct.Th., Cn.BV/TV, and Tb.N were all significantly associated with vertebral fracture (ORs, 4.4–5.8; ROC area under the curve [AUC], 0.74–0.85). In subjects matched for Cn.BV/TV, Ct.Th was reduced by 29% (OR, 5.0), and in subjects matched for Ct.Th, Cn.BV/TV was reduced by 27% (OR, 5.0). In patients with deficits in both cortical and cancellous bone, the ORs (28–35) were much higher.
Conclusions: Deficits in cortical bone (reduced value for Ct.Th) and in cancellous bone (reduced values for Cn.BV/TV or Tb.N) were equally effective in discriminating between subjects with and without vertebral fracture. With a deficit in both cortical and cancellous bone, the association with vertebral fracture was much stronger. Vertebral fracture is not the result of disproportionate loss of cancellous bone in the patients as a whole, although individual patients may have relatively greater deficits in either cancellous or cortical bone.
Canine Distemper Virus Induces Human Osteoclastogenesis Through NF-κB and Sequestosome 1/P62 Activation
Authors: Selby Peter L , Davies Michael , Mee Andrew P 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Previous studies have implicated CDV in the pathogenesis of Paget's disease; however, there has been no direct evidence that CDV can infect human cells. We studied the effects of CDV on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and showed that CDV had a dose-dependent effect on osteoclastogenesis, through a possible mechanism involving activation of NF-κB and sequestosome 1/p62.
Introduction: Paget's disease is characterized by a dramatic increase in size and number of osteoclasts. The etiology of the disorder is still unclear; however, evidence points to either a viral infection or a genetic susceptibility or a combination of both. Previously, we have shown that canine distemper virus (CDV) RNA is present in Pagetic bone. However, the effects of CDV on human osteoclast formation in vitro have not been studied previously.
Materials and Methods: Replicate cultures (n = 5) of purified human osteoclast precursors were infected with increasing doses of CDV and cultured on dentine slices for 14 days. Osteoclasts were stained for TRACP, and the dentine slices were examined for evidence of resorption. Control cells were incubated in the absence of virus. In each case, 10 high-power microscopy fields were analyzed. Immunocytochemical analyses were performed for p65, Gab2, sequestosome 1/p62, and ubiquitin.
Results: CDV dose-dependently increased osteoclast number and size (p &lt; 0.0001, ANOVA), and there was a concomitant increase in resorption (p &lt; 0.0001, ANOVA). CDV infection induced nuclear translocation of p65 and led to a dramatic increase in sequestosome 1/p62 and ubiquitin expression.
Conclusions: These results provide the first conclusive proof that CDV can infect and replicate in human osteoclast precursors, raising possible zoonotic implications for CDV. The increased osteoclastogenesis is accompanied by NF-κB and sequestosome 1/p62 activation. This study provides further evidence for the possible role of paramyxoviruses in the pathogenesis of Paget's disease.