bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geometrical and positional isomer content of the monounsaturated fatty acids from various rat tissues
Authors: Wood Randall , Chumbler Fred , Matocha Martha , Zoeller Andrew 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe percentage distribution of the geometrical and positional isomers in the hexadecenoates and octadecenoates isolated from triglycerides, phosphatidylch olines, and phosphatidylethanolamines of brain, heart, kidney, liver, lung, muscle, spleen, and adipose tissues from normal rats maintained on a laboratory diet has been determined. All of the octadecenoates and most of the hexadecenoates from the lipid classes of all the tissues consisted of more than 95%cis isomers. Generally, palmitoleic was the predominant hexadecenoate, but many of the tissue phospholipids contained relatively high percentages of the Δ6 and Δ7 isomers. Oleate and vaccenate were the predominant octadecenoates in all tissues. Except for brain and adipose tissues, the oleate to vaccenate ratios differed for each lipid class, as well as between most tissues. In contrast to the monoenes of the phospholipids, the triglyceride monoenes exhibited the same approximate: percentage composition; percentage of geometrical isomers; and percentage distribution of hexadecenoate and octadecenoate positional isomers. These data add to our basic information about the percentage distribution of geometrical and positional isomers of naturally occurring unsaturated fatty acids in the major lipid classes of various normal tissues. Some new concepts were advanced as possible explanations to some of the observed positional isomer distributions.
Prenatal protein depletion and Δ9, Δ6 and Δ5 desaturases in the rat
Authors: Mercuri Osvaldo , de Tomás María Elena , Itarte Herminia 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPregnant rats were kept throughout gestation on a control diet (i.e., 25% protein), on a low protein diet (i.e., 5% protein) or on a fat‐free diet. At 20–21 days of gestation, the rate of 9‐, 6‐, and 5‐desaturation was measured, using microsomes from maternal and fetal livers and placenta microsomes. The effect of protein malnutrition was more evident upon Δ6‐desaturase activity from maternal liver, while a less severe reduction in the activities of Δ9‐ and Δ5‐desaturases was observed. No measurable activities of Δ5‐ and Δ6‐desaturases were observed in fetal liver and placenta, while a low activity of Δ9‐desaturase was detected in both tissues from the three groups under study. We concluded that Δ6‐desaturation is greatly affected by maternal protein deprivation, and this fact could affect the normal supply of polyunsaturated fatty acids for the normal fetus growth and tissue development.
Correlations between surface area and the rate of enzymatic desaturation with methyl branched 8,11,14‐eicosatrienoic acid
Authors: Patil Gajanan S. , Sprecher Howard , Cornwell David G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMethyl‐branched derivatives of methyl 8,11,14‐eicosatrienoate form stable liquid‐expanded monolayers. Surface areas are expanded by the methyl branch. The expansion effect is a function of surface pressure. At high surface pressure, the greatest expansion occurs with a mid‐point methyl branch. At low surface pressure, surface area increases continuously as the methyl group is moved along the carbon chain from carbon 19 to carbon 5. Desaturase activity varies inversely with surface area, and a linear correlation exists between surface area at low surface pressure and the desaturation rate. These data support the concept that lipid structure and its effect on short range forces between molecules is an important factor in desaturase activity.
Isoflavones and hypercholesterolemia in rats
Authors: Sharma R. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIsoflavones isolated from three commonly used pulses such as Bengalgram (Cicer arietinum), greengram (Phaseolus aureus) and blackgram (Phaseolus mungo) and p‐coumaric acid were supplemented to hypercholeste rolemia‐inducing diet of rats. Among isoflavones, Biochanin A and Formononetin showed hypolipidemic activity but diadzein did not; p‐coumaric acid also produced a significant reduction in serum cholesterol levels.
Plasma lipoprotein changes in suckling and weanling rabbits fed semipurified diets
Authors: Roberts D. C. K. , Huff M. W. , Carroll K. K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe distribution and composition of the plasma lipoproteins were studied in suckling rabbits and in rabbits either weaned to or fed as young adults cholesterol‐free, semipurified diets containing protein of animal (casein) or plant (soy protein isolate) origin. The raised cholesterol levels of the suckling period resulted in an increase of very low density and intermediate density lipoproteins in a manner similar to that seen in adult rabbits fed a high fat diet supplemented with cholesterol. Young rabbits fed the cholesterol‐free, semipurified diet containing casein also became hypercholesterolemic but, in this case, the increased cholesterol was found primarily in lipoproteins of intermediate density. Cholesterol levels remained low in those rabbits fed the soy protein isolate diet, and the lipoprotein distribution was somewhat similar to that of chow‐fed animals. It appears that the raised cholesterol levels during the suckling period result in different lipoprotein patterns to those produced in young adult animals by a cholesterol‐free, semipurified diet.
A simplified procedure for the quantitative extraction of lipids from brain tissue
Authors: Phillips F. , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA method is described for the quantitative extraction of lipid from brain tissue with chloroform/methanol (C/M) that eliminates secondary purification of the lipid extract by dextran‐gel chromatography or aqueous washing of the organic extract. Nonlipid substances that generally contaminate C/M lipid extracts are separated by pre‐extraction of the tissue with dilute (0.25%) aqueous acetic acid. The residual tissue is extracted twice with 40 volumes of C/M (1∶1, v/v). Approximately 97% of the lipid is recovered in these extractions. A third extraction which yields ca. 1% more lipid is performed if the process is discontinued at this stage in a shortened version of the method. The remainder of the lipid is recovered after treatment of the tissue with 1 N HCl by two additional extractions, the first with 40 volumes of C/M (1∶2, v/v) and the second with 40 volumes of methanol. The method, which was demonstrated with pig brain, gave a complete extraction of the lipid, including gangliosides, free of nonlipid substances.
The conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine labeled in the choline group using methyl lodide, 18‐crown‐6 and potassium carbonate
Authors: Patel K. M. , Morrisett J. D. , Sparrow J. T. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA chemical method for the conversion of phosphatidylethanolamine into phosphatidylcholine is described. Methyl iodide in the presence 18‐crown‐6 (1,4,7,10,13,16‐hexaoxacyclooctadecane) and potassium carbonate in benzene is used to alkylate phosphatidylethanolamine in 2.5 hr at 37 C to give an isotopically enriched phosphatidylcholine. The product is purified conventionally and is obtained in 75% yield.
Composition of the lipids in human milk: A review
Authors: Jensen R. G. , Clark R. M. , Ferris A. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRecent publications on the composition of human milk are reviewed. The importance of proper sampling is discussed. Fat contents of 2.6–4.5% and cholesterol amounts of 200–650 mg/100 g fat were reported. The phytosterols in milk were increased by the consumption of these sterols. Phytosterols could contribute to the “total cholesterol” in milk if analyses are done colorimetrically. The fatty acid composition is remarkably uniform unless bizarre diets are consumed; the amounts of linoleic acid vary the most. Phospholipids contained more long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids than triacylglycerols.
Effect of oxidized oil on lipogenic enzymes
Authors: Iritani Nobuko , Fukuda Eiko , Kitamura Yohko 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMale Wistar rats were fed for 4 wk on diets containing 2% oxidized corn oil. Liver tissue was then studied to determine the effect of feeding peroxidized oil on lipogenic enzymes. Although substances which reacted with thiobarbituric acid increased in liver microsomes and mitochondria with increasing peroxide values of the dietary corn oil fed, the activities of glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase, malic enzyme and acetyl‐CoA carboxylase in liver were unchanged. However, when rats were fed for 2 wk on diets containing 10% fat, of which 0.5, 5 or 10% was unoxidized corn oil and the remainder was hydrogenated beef tallow filler, the lipogenic enzyme activities and also the liver triglyceride levels were observed to decrease with increasing amounts of dietary corn oil. Therefore, although a synthetic diet containing corn oil was easy to oxidize spontaneously, the reductions of lipogenic enzymes in rats fed the diet would not have been caused by lipid peroxides but by unsaturated fatty acids themselves.
Isolation and partial characterization of the neutral glycosphingolipids and gangliosides of the human heart
Authors: Levis G. M. , Karli J. N. , Moulopoulos S. D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe glycosphingolipids (GLS) of the human heart muscle have been isolated from total lipids by column and thin layer chromatography and their sugars and fatty acids analyzed by gas liquid chromatography. Hearts from traffic victims were obtained at autopsy between 12 and 16 hr after death and dissected into parts (left and right ventricular walls, intraventricular septum and papillary muscle). The neutral GSL content for those parts of the hearts of two males aged 22 and one female aged 14 ranged from about 90 to 160 nmoles/g wet weight. Trihexosyl ceramide and globoside were the most abundant neutral GSL. Total ganglioside content was about 50 nmoles/g wet weight, and the most abundant gangliosides were partially characterized as GM3 and GM1; other mono‐, di‐ and trisialogangliosides were also present. Differences in the content and composition of neutral GSL and gangliosides between the heart and other human tissues are discussed. It is concluded that the patterns of these two GSL fractions of the heart are more complex than those of most of the extraneural human tissues.
A comparison of the ganglioside distributions of fat tissues in various animals by two‐dimensional thin layer chromatography
Authors: Ohashi Masako 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe ganglioside distributions of various fat tissues from human, rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken and frog were compared with pig adipose gangliosides by two‐dimensional thin layers chromatography. It was found that there is a remarkable species variation in ganglioside distribution, especially in the composition and relative concentration of complex gangliosides. Differing from pig adipose tissues, those of human, rabbit, rat, mouse, chicken, but not frog, contained GM3 as a most abundant ganglioside. The data for human, rabbit and chicken indicated a simple distribution of only NeuActype gangliosides, while those for rat and mouse indicated a rather complicated pattern containing both NeuAc‐ and NeuGc‐type gangliosides. The ganglioside pattern of the frog fat body differed markedly from those of mammalian fat tissues because of the presence of three different, unsual monosialosylgangliosides as major components. In other respects, a substantial amount of disialosylgangliosides was commonly found in all animal fat tissues.
13C nuclear magnetic resonance of mono‐and dihydroxy saturated and unsaturated fatty methyl esters
Authors: Rakoff Henry , Weisleder David , Emken Edward A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were obtained for methyl esters oferythro‐ andthreo‐9,10‐dihydroxystearates, for 12‐hydroxy‐cis‐ andtrans‐9‐octadecenoates, and forthreo‐12,13‐dihydroxy‐cis‐andtrans‐9‐octadecenoates.Erythro andthreo compounds may be distinguished easily by the difference in the chemical shifts of the carbons alpha to the hydroxy‐bearing carbons. Monohydroxy compounds are easily distinguished fromvicinal dihydroxy compounds by differences in chemical shifts of both the hydroxy‐bearing carbons and of the carbons alpha to them. The presence of a hydroxy‐bearing carbon beta to a double bond results in the two carbons of the double bond of a hydroxy‐bearing carbon beta to a double bond results in the two carbons of the double bond having different chemical shifts, with the numerical values being different for thecis andtrans isomers. The chemical shift of a carbon alpha to both a doubly bonded carbon and a hydroxy‐bearing carbon is influenced both by the geometry of the double bond and the number of hydroxy‐bearing carbons.
Serum high density lipoprotein and its relationship to cardiovascular disease risk factor variables in children—The bogalusa heart study
Authors: Berenson Gerald S. , Srinivasan Sathanur R. , Frerichs Ralph R. , Webber Larry S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSerum high density lipoprotein is increasingly recognized as a negative risk for cardiovascular disease. The distribution and interrelationship of serum lipids, lipoproteins, anthropometric measurements and blood pressures were determined in some 5,000 children. Children had mean±S.D. α‐lipoprotein cholesterol levels (mg/100 ml) of 36±15 at birth, 51±22 at 6 mo, 53±18 at 1 yr, 60±19 at preschool age (21/2−51/2 yr) and 68±22 at school age (5–14 yr), reflecting a sharp increase in α‐lipoprotein between birth and school‐age years, when these levels remained relatively stable through age 14. Although white children tended to have higher levels of total cholesterol and α‐lipoprotein at birth than black children, during childhood this trend was reversed and the differences were pronounced in school‐age children (p<0.0001). Unlike in adulthood, boys had slightly higher levels of α‐lipoprotein than girls. The α‐lipoprotein was negatively correlated with pre‐β‐lipoprotein and to a lesser extent with β‐lipoprotein classes. There was an inverse relationship between α‐lipoprotein and obesity with a consistently significant relationship (p<0.01) in older children (10–14 yr). Children with higher levels of α‐lipoprotein have lower levels of blood pressure, β‐lipoprotein and a lower obesity index.
High and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic school children
Authors: Morrison John A. , de Groot Ido , Kelly Kathe A. , Edwards Brenda K. , Mellies Margot J. , Tillett Sandra , Khoury Phillip , Glueck Charles J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo most fully explicate risk to coronary heart disease (CHD) in adults and children with elevated plasma total cholesterol, the levels of high and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (C‐HDL, C‐LDL) must be quantitated. This report focuses upon C‐HDL and C‐LDL levels in children identified in a lipid and lipoprotein sampling survey of 6,775 Princeton School children, by either total plasma cholesterol ≥205 mg/dl, the approximate 95th percentile for children 6–17 years of age, or age‐, sex‐, and race‐specific 95th percentiles for cholesterol. Using the sex‐, race‐specific local 95th percentiles for C‐HDL and C‐LDL, the hypercholesterolemic children were separated into four categories according to whether they had elevations of both C‐HDL and C‐LDL, C‐HDL only, C‐LDL only, or neither. When selection for hypercholesterolemia was based on the overall 95th percentile (205 mg/dl), black children were more likely than white to have elevations of C‐HDL only, which accounted for their hypercholesterolemia, p<.05, whereas white children were much more likely to have elevations of C‐LDL only, than were black children, p<.005. However, when selection for hypercholesterolemia was based on age‐, sex‐, and race‐specific 95th percentile cholesterol levels, there were no differences in the proportion of black and white children having elevations of C‐HDL and C‐LDL, accounting for their hypercholesterolemia. Elevated levels of C‐HDL can explain apparent hypercholesterolemia in at least 16% of children, ages 6–17, who may putatively be at reduced, rather than increased CHD risk.
Relative utilization of fatty acids for synthesis of ketone bodies and complex lipids in the liver of developing rats
Authors: Yeh Y. ‐Y. , Streuli V. L. , Zee P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe regulation of hepatic ketogenesis, as related to the metabolism of fatty acids through oxidative and synthetic pathways, was studied in developing rats. [1‐14C] palmitate was used as a substrate to determine the proportions of free fatty acids utilized for the production of ketone bodies, CO2 and complex lipids. Similar developmental patterns of hepatic ketogenesis were obtained by measuring the production of either [14C]acetoacetate from exogenous [1‐14C] palmitate or the sum of unlabeled acetoacetate and β‐hydroxybutyrate from endogenous fatty acids. The production of total ketone bodies was low during the late fetal stage and at birth, but increased rapidly to a maximum value within 24 hr after birth. The maximal ketogenic capacity appeared to be maintained for the first 10 days of life.14CO2 production from [1‐14C] palmitate increased by two‐ to fourfold during the suckling period, from its initial low rate seen at birth. The capacity for synthesis of total complex lipids was low at birth and had increased by day 3 to a maximal value, which was comparable to that of adult fed rats. The high lipogenic capacity lasted throughout the remaining suckling period. When ketogenesis was inhibited by 4‐pentenoic acid, the rate of synthesis of complex lipids did not increase despite an increase in unutilized fatty acids. During the mid‐suckling period, approximately equal amounts of [1‐14C] palmitate were utilized for the synthesis of ketone plus CO2 and for complex lipid synthesis. By contrast, in adult fed rats, the incorporation of fatty acids into complex lipids was four times higher than that of ketone plus CO2. These observations suggest that stimulated hepatic ketogenesis in suckling rats results from the rapid oxidation of fatty acids and consequent increased production of acetyl CoA, but not from impaired capacity for synthsis of complex lipids.
Delayed conversion of squalene to sterols during development ofPinus pinea seeds
Authors: McKean Margaret L. , Nes William R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDuring germination of seeds of the gymnosperm,Pinus pinea, radioactivity from [2‐14C]‐mevalonate proceeded principally through the anaerobic reactions leading to squalene in the first 24 hr in both the haploid endosperm and the diploid embryo, and only with succeeding time (3–9 days) in both cases was label transferred to sterols in oxygen‐requiring steps. The rates of turnover must be real and independent in the two tissues, since no consequential interchange of labelled lipids occurred between the endosperm and the embryo. Similar delayed conversion of squalene to sterols has been observed previously during germination of seeds of the angiosperm,Pisum sativum.
Antioxidants in neoplastic cells: II. Isolation and partial characterization of a phenolic antioxidant from differentiated mouse neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Arneson Richard M. , Wander Joseph D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe generation of an antioxidant has been shown to be associated with the dramatic increase in resistance to lipid peroxidation which occurs during the differentiation of mouse neuroblastoma cells in culture. The antioxidant has been isolated from the neuroblastoma neutral lipid fraction and partially characterized by means of low‐resolution and high‐resolution mass spectrometry and other lines of evidence. All presently available information suggests that this antioxidant is a highly aromatic, monosubstituted phenol having the molecular formula C19H14O2.
Synthesis of acyl‐S‐pantetheine by rat liver microsomes
Authors: Sribney Michael , Dove Jerre L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of acyl‐S‐pantetheine was found to occur in rat liver microsomal preparations. The reaction required ATP and a metal ion as cofactors, a fatty acid and the reduced form of pantetheine for optimal activity. The Km for pantetheine was 0.8 mM, for ATP 0.8 mM, and for oleic acid 0.3 mM. Mg2+ (20 mM), Mn2+ (5 mM), Ca2+ (5 mM), and Fe2+ (5 mM) produced approximately equal activity when all other conditions were optimal. The characterization of the product and other properties of the enzyme are described. The acyl‐S‐pantetheine formed does not act as an acyl donor in the acylation ofsn‐glycerol‐3‐phosphate, 1,2‐diacylglycerol, or lysolecithin.
1,2‐Propanediol‐induced changes in plasma and tissue lipids of rats
Authors: Amma M. K. P. , Dani H. M. , Ahluwalia Pushpa , Dhingra Aruna , Kaur Jaswinder , Kaur Charanjit , Sharma Sushma , Jain Kamlesh , Singh Sarvpreet , Sareen K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOral administration of 1,2‐propanediol to rats in a daily dose of 1 ml of 28.4% aqueous solution per 100 g body weight for 30 days caused a significant decrease in the total lipids, fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides of plasma, liver, and heart, The cholesterol content in plasma decreased while that in the tissues increased significantly. The accumulation of cholesterol in tissues tends to discourage long term use of 1,2‐propanediol even by the oral route.
The acylation of 1‐palmitylglycerol 3‐phosphate withCis andTrans C‐16 to C‐22 monoenoic fatty acids in rat liver microsomes
Authors: Marchand C. M. , Beare‐Rogers J. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe configurational specificity of acyl‐CoA: 1‐palmitylglycerol 3‐phosphate acyltransferase from rat liver microsomes was investigated withcis andtrans C‐16, C‐18, C‐20, and C‐22 monoenoic and saturated fatty acyl‐CoA. Oleyl‐CoA was transferred three times more readily than elaidyl‐CoA. Elaidyl‐CoA was more inhibitory than oleyl‐CoA, especially at low protein concentrations, but did not show this effect after the addition of 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA permitted linearity of the acyltransferase over a wide range of protein concentrations and did not seem to affect the configurational specificity of the acyltransferase. The specificity of the enzyme preparation was in the following decreasing order: 18∶1cis>16∶1cis≅16∶0>18∶0≅16∶1trans>18∶1trans>20∶1cis>20∶1trans. The enzyme preparation did not react withcis ortrans 22∶1 acyl‐CoA.
Reduction in medium chain acids and monoenoic acids in livers and plasma of rats fed eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraynoic acid
Authors: Rao G. Ananda , Siler Kathleen , Larkin Edward C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMale Sprague‐Dawley rats were fed for 8 weeks a corn oil (CO) diet or a hydrogenated coconut oil (HCNO) diet. These diets were fed in the absence or presence of eicosa‐5,8,11,14‐tetraynoic acid (TYA). The inclusion of TYA in the HCNO diet reduced the levels of 12∶0 and 14∶0 in the total fatty acids of livers and plasma. With either diet, the presence of TYA caused an alteration in the fatty acid composition of these tissues so as to reduce the values of the ratios: 16∶1/16∶0, 18∶1/18∶0, and 20∶4/18∶2. These results suggest that dietary TYA can influence the hepatic metabolism of medium chain fatty acids and that it may inhibit the desaturase enzyme involved in the synthesis of not only 20∶4 but also of monoenoic fatty acids.