bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Relative Roles of Three DNA Repair Pathways in PreventingCaenorhabditis elegansMutation Accumulation
Authors: Denver Dee R , Feinberg Seth , Steding Catherine , Durbin Matthew , Lynch Michael 
Published: June 2006

AbstractMutation is a central biological process whose rates and spectra are influenced by a variety of complex and interacting forces. Although DNA repair pathways are generally known to play key roles in maintaining genetic stability, much remains to be understood about the relative roles of different pathways in preventing the accumulation of mutations and the extent of heterogeneity in pathway-specific repair efficiencies across different genomic regions. In this study we examine mutation processes in base excision repair-deficient (nth-1) and nucleotide excision repair-deficient (xpa-1) Caenorhabditis elegans mutation-accumulation (MA) lines across 24 regions of the genome and compare our observations to previous data from mismatch repair-deficient (msh-2 and msh-6) and wild-type (N2) MA lines. Drastic variation in both average and locus-specific mutation rates, ranging two orders of magnitude for the latter, was detected among the four sets of repair-deficient MA lines. Our work provides critical insights into the relative roles of three DNA repair pathways in preventing C. elegans mutation accumulation and provides evidence for the presence of pathway-specific DNA repair territories in the C. elegans genome.
Poor Performance of Bootstrap Confidence Intervals for the Location of a Quantitative Trait Locus
Authors: Manichaikul Ani , Dupuis Josée , Sen Śaunak , Broman Karl W 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe aim of many genetic studies is to locate the genomic regions (called quantitative trait loci, QTL) that contribute to variation in a quantitative trait (such as body weight). Confidence intervals for the locations of QTL are particularly important for the design of further experiments to identify the gene or genes responsible for the effect. Likelihood support intervals are the most widely used method to obtain confidence intervals for QTL location, but the nonparametric bootstrap has also been recommended. Through extensive computer simulation, we show that bootstrap confidence intervals behave poorly and so should not be used in this context. The profile likelihood (or LOD curve) for QTL location has a tendency to peak at genetic markers, and so the distribution of the maximum-likelihood estimate (MLE) of QTL location has the unusual feature of point masses at genetic markers; this contributes to the poor behavior of the bootstrap. Likelihood support intervals and approximate Bayes credible intervals, on the other hand, are shown to behave appropriately.
Use of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone Analog and Human Chorionic Gonadotropin to Spawn Early-Egg-Stage Striped Bass
Authors: Yeager David M 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Female striped bass Morone saxatilis with eggs in early stages of development were successfully spawned after being given a priming injection of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog followed by a resolving injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG). Over 2 years, 18 of 19 injected fish spawned, producing over 3.5 million viable fry. Egg fertilization rates for all fish that spawned averaged 41%. This procedure, which differs from the traditional spawning method of HCG injection, can increase production by increasing the duration of the production season. In addition, broodfish that once would have been released at capture because they contained early egg developmental stages can now be spawned and used in production.
Evaluation of survival time in dogs with stage III osteosarcoma that undergo treatment: 90 cases (1985–2004)
Authors: Boston Sarah E. , Ehrhart Nicole P. , Dernell William S. , Lafferty Mary , Withrow Stephen J. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To assess survival time in dogs that underwent treatment for stage III osteosarcoma and evaluate factors affecting survival.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—90 dogs with stage III osteosarcoma.
Procedures—Records in the osteosarcoma database at the Animal Cancer Center at Colorado State University from 1985 to 2004 were searched for dogs with metastatic disease at the time of evaluation. Dogs were included in the study if they had metastasis to any site and if treatment was initiated. A Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed, and the influences of age, sex, breed, primary tumor site, metastatic sites, and treatment on outcome were analyzed via log-rank analysis.
Results—Median survival time was 76 days, with a range of 0 to 1,583 days. No significant differences in survival times on the basis of age, sex, breed, or primary site were observed. Breeds and primary tumor sites were typical of those usually associated with osteosarcoma in dogs. Dogs treated palliatively with radiation therapy and chemotherapy had a significantly longer survival time (130 days) than dogs in all other treatment groups. Dogs treated with surgery alone had a significantly shorter survival time (3 days) than dogs treated with surgery and chemotherapy (78 days). Dogs with bone metastases had a longer survival time than dogs with soft tissue metastases.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Treatment of dogs with stage III osteosarcoma can result in various survival times. Dogs with metastasis to bone and dogs that were treated palliatively with radiation and chemotherapy had the longest survival times.
Detection of an epidermoid cyst in the foot of a horse by use of magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sanz Macarena G. , Sampson Sarah N. , Schneider Robert K. , Gavin Patrick R. , Baszler Timothy V. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Case Description—A 4-year-old Quarter Horse stallion was evaluated because of a 10-month history of moderate (grade 3/5) left forelimb lameness (detectable during trotting over a smooth, hard surface).
Clinical Findings—No abnormalities were detected in either forelimb via palpation or application of hoof testers; however, lameness was eliminated after administration of a palmar digital nerve block in the left forelimb. Whereas radiography and ultrasonography did not identify any left forelimb foot abnormalities, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging revealed a circumscribed soft tissue mass in the distal aspect of the digital flexor tendon sheath (DFTS) dorsal to the lateral aspect of the deep digital flexor tendon. Subsequently, the left forelimb DFTS was injected with local anesthetic, which resulted in 90% improvement of the horse's lameness.
Treatment and Outcome—The distal aspect of the left forelimb DFTS was evaluated tenoscopically. The mass was removed under tenoscopic guidance, after which the distal digital annular ligament was transected. The horse received phenylbutazone orally for 10 days, and the left forelimb DFTS was injected with hyaluronic acid and methylprednisolone acetate 7 days after the surgery. Following a rehabilitation program, the horse was returned to full training at 6 months after surgery and competed successfully during a 2-year follow-up period.
Clinical Relevance—Use of MR imaging should be considered in all lame horses for which a definitive diagnosis cannot be made via radiography, ultrasonography, or other imaging techniques, especially when the lameness has been localized to a specific anatomic region by use of diagnostic anesthesia.
Evaluation of a balloon constant rate infusion system for treatment of septic arthritis, septic tenosynovitis, and contaminated synovial wounds: 23 cases (2002–2005)
Authors: Meagher Daniel T. , Latimer Federico G. , Sutter W. Wes , Saville William J. A. 
Published: June 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine clinical findings and outcome in horses treated by means of a balloon constant rate infusion system.
Design—Retrospective case series.
Animals—23 horses.
Procedures—Medical records of horses examined at The Ohio State University veterinary teaching hospital from 2002 to 2005 that had septic arthritis, septic tenosynovitis, or penetration of a synovial structure and in which treatment involved a balloon constant rate infusion system were searched. Information pertaining to signalment, history, physical examination findings, clinicopathologic data, treatment, and duration of hospitalization was recorded.
Results—Mean ± SD duration of hospitalization was 11.5 ± 5.26 days. No correlation between duration of clinical signs and duration of hospitalization or duration of infusion pump use was detected, but correlations between WBC count and duration of hospitalization and WBC and duration of infusion-pump use were observed. All horses survived to discharge. Follow-up information was obtained on 17 horses, 16 of which were alive at the time of follow-up. Twelve of 13 horses for which followup information was available for at least 5 months were alive 5 months or longer after discharge. Thirteen of the 16 horses alive at follow-up were reported by owners as not lame, whereas the remaining 3 were mildly lame or intermittently moderately lame or had developed angular limb deformity in the contralateral limb.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Balloon constant rate infusion systems may be used effectively in treatment of septic arthritis, septic tenosynovitis, and contaminated synovial wounds. Clinical response and long-term outcome appeared to be comparable to results obtained with other techniques.
Natural Sources and Heavy Metals
Authors: Buccolieri Alessandro , Buccolieri Giovanni , Dell'Atti Angelo , Perrone Maria Rita , Turnone Annarita 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPTS, PM10 and PM2.5 samples have been collected at a rural site of south‐east Italy (40° 20' 13'' N; 18° 6' 47'' E) from June to October, 2004 to investigate natural and anthropogenic contributions on particulate matter and heavy metal mass concentrations. It is shown that sharp‐peak particulate‐matter concentrations have been recorded during most African dust outbreaks occurred over south‐east Italy. In particular, PM10 concentrations exceeding the 24‐hour limit value of 50 μg/m3 have been monitored during dust events.Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, V, Ni, Pb, and Zn metal concentrations have been evaluated
by an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer and Al mass concentrations >500 ng/m3 have been observed in PTS and PM10 samples during the advection of African dust particles. Accordingly to geochemical calculations Al, Fe, and Mn, have a significant crustal origin while, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn are of anthropogenic origin. Moreover, Fe resulted predominant in the coarse particle fraction, while Ni, Pb, V, and Zn were predominant in the fine particle fraction. It is also shown that Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb, and V concentrations never exceeded guide and/or limit values recommended by the World Health Organization and the European Council Directives.
Testing the Photosynthetic Bacterium Rhodobacter Sphaeroides as Heavy Metal Removal Tool
Authors: Buccolieri Alessandro , Italiano Francesca , Dell'Atti Angelo , Buccolieri Giovanni , Giotta Livia , Agostiano Angela , Milano Francesco , Trotta Massimo 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe present some preliminary results relevant to the ability of the purple non‐sulphur bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides strain R26.1 to sequester heavy metals from contaminated growth media. The microorganism was chosen because of its significant tolerance to relatively high concentrations of the investigated ions Ni2+, Co2+, CrO42‐, and MoO42‐.In this paper the optimized conditions for the bacterial growth and the sample preparation used to infer the ability of the microorganism to cope with metal pollutants are presented. Elemental analysis has been performed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry previous mineralization of samples by a microwave system.
Synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytotoxic effects of new organotin(IV)‐2‐maleimidopropanoates
Authors: Khan M. I. , Baloch Musa Kaleem , Ashfaq Muhammad , Obaidullah  
Published: June 2006

AbstractSynthesis, spectral properties and in vitro cytotoxic behaviour of five new diorganotin(IV) complexes having general composition R′2SnR2 [R′ = 2‐maleimidopropanoic acid and R = Me(1), Et(2), n‐Bu(3), Ph(4), Bz(5)] have been investigated. Various spectroscopic methods like solid‐state FT IR, 119mSn Mössbauer and solution‐state multinuclear NMR (1H, 13C and 119Sn) have been employed for structural elucidation. In the solid state, [R2Sn(IV)]2+ moieties interacted with carboxylate group of the ligand in octahedral arrangement, while in the solution state 1–3 showed hyper‐coordination and 4 and 5 were tetrahedral. All these results were consistent with elemental analysis and MS data. These complexes were also screened for in vitro anti‐tumour, anti‐leishmanial and anti‐fungal activities, and structure–activity relationship have been proposed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Removal of chromium (VI) from aqueous solutions using poly(4‐vinyl pyridine) beads
Authors: Arslan Metin , Yiğitoğlu Mustafa , Soysal Arif 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSorption of hexavalent chromium ions from aqueous solution by poly 4‐vinyl pyridine [Poly(4‐VP)] was studied. The batch method was applied for adsorption processes. The effects of initial ion concentration, time, pH and temperature on adsorption were investigated. A treatment time of 60 min was found to be sufficient to reach equilibrium. pH 3.0 was found as the optimum pH value for the process. The maximum adsorption performance was achieved at 86.7 mg g−1 using 500 mg L−1 Cr (VI) solutions. The process of adsorption of Cr (VI) was explained by Langmuir isotherm. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2865–2870, 2006
Molecular transport of aliphatic hydrocarbons through styrene butadiene rubber/ethylene vinyl acetate blends
Authors: Padmini M. , Radhakrishnan C. K. , Sujith A. , Unnikrishnan G. , Purushothaman E. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractPolymer blends based on styrene butadiene rubber and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) were prepared. The sorption and diffusion of four aliphatic hydrocarbons through the blends were investigated with temperatures of 26–56°C. Sulfur, dicumyl peroxide (DCP), and a mixed system consisting of sulfur and DCP (mixed) were used as crosslinking agents for the blends. Of the three systems, the peroxide vulcanized blends were found to exhibit the lowest penetrant uptake. The aliphatic liquid penetration through the matrix decreased with an increase in the EVA content in the blends, which was attributed to the semicrystalline nature of the EVA matrix. The experimental observations were correlated with the morphology of the blends. Diffusion and permeation coefficients were calculated from the sorption data. A slight deviation from the Fickian trend was observed for the mechanism of transport with an increase in the EVA content in the blends. The molecular mass between crosslinks and thermodynamic parameters of sorption were determined from swelling data. The experimental observations were compared with different theoretical models. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2884–2897, 2006
Studies on urethane–allophanate networks based on hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene: Modeling of network parameters and correlation to mechanical properties
Authors: Sekkar V. , Narayanaswamy K. , Scariah K. J. , Nair P. R. , Sastri K. S. , Ang How Ghee 
Published: June 2006

AbstractHydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB)‐based allophanate–urethane networks were prepared by reacting HTPB with di‐isocyanates, such as toluene–di‐isocyanate (TDI), isophorone–di‐isocyanate (IPDI), and 4,4′‐di(socyanatocyclohexyl)methane (H12MDI) at stoichiometric ratios (r‐values) ranging from 1.0 to 1.5. The networks were characterized for mechanical and swell properties. The network parameters, such as “X,” which is the fraction of urethane groups involved in the allophanate formation, and effective chain length (Lx) were calculated from experimental crosslink density values determined from swell data, using α‐model equations developed by Marsh. Excellent linear correlations were obtained between mechanical properties and the calculated network parameters. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2986–2994, 2006
Characterization of biodegradable polymers by inverse gas chromatography. II. Blends of amylopectin and poly(ε‐caprolactone)
Authors: Al‐Ghamdi Ali , Melibari Mohammad , Al‐Saigh Zeki Y. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractAmylopectin (AP), a potato‐starch‐based polymer with a molecular weight of 6,000,000 g/mol, was blended with poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) and characterized with inverse gas chromatography (IGC), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Five different compositions of AP–PCL blends ranging from 0 to 100% AP were studied over a wide range of temperatures (80–260°C). Nineteen solutes (solvents) were injected onto five chromatographic columns containing the AP–PCL blends. These solutes probed the dispersive, dipole–dipole, and hydrogen‐bonding interactions, acid–base characteristics, wettability, and water uptake of the AP–PCL blends. Retention diagrams of these solutes in a temperature range of 80–260°C revealed two zones: crystalline and amorphous. The glass‐transition temperature (Tg) and melting temperature (Tm) of the blends were measured with these zones. The two zones were used to calculate the degree of crystallinity of pure AP and its blends below Tm, which ranged from 85% at 104°C to 0% at Tm. IGC complemented the DSC method for obtaining the Tg and Tm values of the pure AP and AP–PCL blends. These values were unexpectedly elevated for the blends over that of pure AP and ranged from 105 to 152°C for Tg and from 166 to 210°C for Tm. The Tm values agreed well with the XRD analysis data. This elevation in the Tg and Tm values may have been due to the change in the heat capacity at Tg and the dependence of Tg on various variables, including the molecular weight and the blend composition. Polymer blend/solvent interaction parameters were measured with a variety of solutes over a wide range of temperatures and determined the solubility of the blends in the solutes. We were also able to determine the blend compatibility over a wide range of temperatures and weight fractions. The polymer–polymer interaction coefficient and interaction energy parameter agreed well on the partial miscibility of the two polymers. The dispersive component of the surface energy of the AP–PCL blends was measured with alkanes and ranged from 16.09 mJ/m2 for pure AP to 38.26 mJ/m2 when AP was mixed with PCL in a 50/50% ratio. This revealed an increase in the surface energy of AP when PCL was added. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 3076–3089, 2006
Thermodynamic Modeling of Hydrogen Adsorption on Carbon Nanotubes During CVD Growth
Authors: Barnard A. S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe growth of carbon nanotubes using hydrogen plasmas has received much attention in recent years, but far less attention has been given to the effect of adsorbed hydrogen on the relative stability of the final, possibly defective, structures. Presented here is a general analytical model for describing the energetics and relative stability of defective carbon SWNTs in the presence of adsorbates. The model is parameterized for the case of hydrogen, using results obtained from first principles simulations, and is constructed around experimentally relevant parameters such as the concentrations and configurations of adsorbates on the nanotube walls.
Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube Field Emitters Using a Dip‐Coating Method
Authors: Song Y. I. , Kim G. Y. , Choi H. K. , Jeong H. J. , Kim K. K. , Yang C.‐M. , Lim S. C. , An K. H. , Jung K. T. , Lee Y. H. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractA simple and robust dip‐coating method for fabricating carbon nanotube (CNT) field emitters has been proposed. The thin multiwalled (tMW)CNTs synthesized by CVD were dispersed in various solutions such as N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone (NMP), and dichloroethane (DCE). The weak adhesion between CNTs and substrate, a serious drawback of the dip‐coating approach, was resolved by anchoring CNTs to the substrate via the melting of an indium layer. We found that the uniformity and density of the CNTs could be optimized by controlling the degree of dispersion of CNTs in solvents. The field‐emission characteristics are also discussed.
Electric‐Field‐Guided Growth of Carbon Nanotubes during DC Plasma‐Enhanced CVD
Authors: AuBuchon J. F. , Chen L.‐H. , Gapin A. I. , Jin S. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been grown aligned with the directions of electric fields in a DC plasma‐enhanced (DC PE) CVD process. The CNTs can be grown at various predefined angles with respect to the substrate. It is shown that the local electric field, even at the very surface of the substrates, can be inclined. The strength of the electric field inside the plasma sheath is estimated and the electric‐field directions near the surface of Si substrate where the CNTs grow are modeled. By control of the directions of these electric fields, several novel CNT morphologies are demonstrated, which could be useful for various applications.
Aerosol Catalyst Particles for Substrate CVD Synthesis of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Queipo P. , Nasibulin A. G. , Jiang H. , Gonzalez D. , Kauppinen E. I. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractIndividual single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were grown by a CVD method on thin SiO2 films using iron and carbon monoxide as the catalyst material and the carbon source, respectively. Catalyst particles were produced via physical vapor deposition (PVD) as an aerosol using a hot‐wire particle generator and then deposited by two different approaches. Particles collected onto the substrates by diffusion inside the reactor led to the production of large diameter SWCNTs (∼3–6 nm) with lengths up to 30 μm. An outside deposition, via electrostatic precipitator, resulted in the synthesis of longer SWCNTs (≥ 50 μm) with smaller diameters (< 2 nm).
Morphology‐Controllable CVD Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials on an Alkali‐Element‐Doped Cu Catalyst
Authors: Tao X. , Zhang X. , Cheng J. , Liu F. , Luo J. , Luo Z. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractSeveral categories of carbon nanomaterials have been synthesized using an alkali element‐doped Cu catalyst by a simple CVD method. By controlling the reaction temperature, various products such as multibranched carbon nanotubes, carbon nanotubes filled with Cu nanocones at the tips (Cu‐CNTs), and Cu‐CNTs with carbon nanofiber tails can be obtained. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and high‐resolution (HR)TEM have been employed to characterize the products. It is proposed that the alkali‐element doping changes the electronic structure of the copper catalyst. The activity of the alkali‐element‐doped Cu catalyst shows dependence on the temperature.