bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk management for a global supply chain planning under uncertainty: Models and algorithms
Authors: You Fengqi , Wassick John M. , Grossmann Ignacio E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this article, we consider the risk management for mid‐term planning of a global multi‐product chemical supply chain under demand and freight rate uncertainty. A two‐stage stochastic linear programming approach is proposed within a multi‐period planning model that takes into account the production and inventory levels, transportation modes, times of shipments, and customer service levels. To investigate the potential improvement by using stochastic programming, we describe a simulation framework that relies on a rolling horizon approach. The studies suggest that at least 5% savings in the total real cost can be achieved compared with the deterministic case. In addition, an algorithm based on the multi‐cut L‐shaped method is proposed to effectively solve the resulting large scale industrial size problems. We also introduce risk management models by incorporating risk measures into the stochastic programming model, and multi‐objective optimization schemes are implemented to establish the tradeoffs between cost and risk. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic models and decomposition algorithms, a case study of a realistic global chemical supply chain problem is presented. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Cohort study for the effect of chronic noise exposure on blood pressure among male workers in Busan, Korea
Authors: Lee Ji Ho , Kang Weechang , Yaang Seung Rim , Choy Nari , Lee Choong Ryeol 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveIt has not yet been established whether exposure to chronic noise induces an increase in blood pressure or an increase in the development of hypertension. Therefore, a cohort study was performed to identify the effects of chronic noise exposure on blood pressure.MethodsFive hundred thirty male workers at a metal manufacturing factory in Busan, Korea, were enrolled in the study. They were monitored with an annual health check‐ups for nine consecutive years from 1991 to 1999. The subjects were divided into four groups which were determined by noise level categories (NLCs) according to the exposure of noise intensity; NLC‐I: office workers who were exposed to <60 dBA at work; NLC‐II: worksite technical supporters or inspectors who were intermittently exposed to noise and were not using hearing protection devices; NLC‐III: worksite workers exposed to a noise below 85 dBA (TWA) and used one type of hearing protection device, earplug or earmuff; NLC‐IV: worksite workers who were exposed to a noise level of 85 dBA or higher in average and used both earplug and earmuff.ResultsAfter controlling the possible confounders, such as baseline age, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise, family history of hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP), or diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and changes in body mass index (BMI), we determined that the mean values for the SBP over the duration of this study were 3.8, 2.0, and 1.7 mmHg higher in groups NLC‐IV, NLC‐III, and NLC‐II, respectively, in comparison to that of the NLC‐I group. There was no significant difference in DBP among the groups.ConclusionThis study suggests that chronic noise exposure increases SBP independently, among male workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:509–517, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Self‐Assembly of a Four‐Helix Bundle on a DNA Quadruplex
Authors: Rosenzweig Brooke A. , Hamilton Andrew D. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEine neuartige Methode zur Selbstorganisation von Monomeren und zur Steuerung der Struktur eines De‐novo‐Helixbündelproteins wird beschrieben. Ein Guanin(G)‐reiches Oligodesoxynucleotidgerüst bildet einen H‐verbrückten DNA‐Quadruplex in Gegenwart von K+‐Gegenionen und induziert so eine helicale Struktur und eine vierfache Stöchiometrie in konjugierten, amphiphilen Peptidsequenzen. Das DNA‐Gerüst ist vielversprechend für den schnellen Aufbau künstlicher Proteine.magnified image
Elektrochemische Abscheidung von dreidimensional geordnetem makroporösem Germanium aus ionischen Flüssigkeiten: eine Methode zur Herstellung von photonischen Kristallen mit hoher Dielektrizitätskonstante
Authors: Meng Xiangdong , Al‐Salman Rihab , Zhao Jiupeng , Borissenko Natalia , Li Yao , Endres Frank 
Published: March 2009

AbstractEine vielversprechende Methode für die Synthese von photonischen Germanium‐Kristallen umfasst die elektrochemische Abscheidung von Ge aus GeCl4‐haltigen ionischen Flüssigkeiten in ein kolloidales Polystyrol‐Templat und das anschließende Entfernen der Matrix. Die Methode arbeitet bei Raumtemperatur und führt zu dreidimensional geordneten makroporösen Germanium‐Nanostrukturen (siehe Bild; Skalierung: 2μm) als Prototyp eines photonischen Kristalls.magnified image
Sonochemical Synthesis of Highly Luminescent Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Doped with Magnesium(II)
Authors: Xiong Huan‐Ming , Shchukin Dmitry G. , Möhwald Helmuth , Xu Yang , Xia Yong‐Yao 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMut zur Lücke: Mg/ZnO‐Nanopartikel mit heller, stabiler Photolumineszenz in kolloidalen Dispersionen wie im Festkörper bilden sich durch Dotierung von Mg2+‐Ionen in ZnO‐Nanopartikel durch sonochemische Synthese. Ihre Bandlücken und Lumineszenzeigenschaften verändern sich mit der Defektkonzentration in den ZnO‐Nanopartikeln. Diese Konzentration hängt vom molaren Mg/Zn‐Verhältnis ab (siehe Bild).magnified image
Probing the Bioactive Conformation of an Archetypal Natural Product HDAC Inhibitor with Conformationally Homogeneous Triazole‐Modified Cyclic Tetrapeptides
Authors: Horne W. Seth , Olsen Christian A. , Beierle John M. , Montero Ana , Ghadiri M. Reza 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBesser als das Original: Neuartige Analoga von Apicidin, einem cyclischen Tetrapeptidinhibitor der Histon‐Desacetylase (HDAC), enthalten ein 1,4‐ oder 1,5‐disubstituiertes 1,2,3‐Triazol anstelle einer Gerüst‐Amidbindung, um die entsprechende Bindung in trans‐ oder cis‐Konfiguration zu fixieren. So ließ sich die Bindungsaffinität unterschiedlicher Peptidkonformationen (siehe Bild) untersuchen. Ein Analogon erwies sich in einigen Fällen als ein dem Apicidin überlegener HDAC‐Inhibitor.magnified image
Photomagnetic Switching of the Complex [Nd(dmf)4(H2O)3(μ‐CN)Fe(CN)5]⋅H2O Analyzed by Single‐Crystal X‐Ray Diffraction
Authors: Svendsen Helle , Overgaard Jacob , Chevallier Marie , Collet Eric , Iversen Bo B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRöntgenblick: Einkristall‐XRD‐Experimente (siehe Bild) belegen, dass der photomagnetische Heterodimetalltitelkomplex im angeregten Zustand vorliegt. Das System zeigt eine Verkürzung sämtlicher Eisen‐Ligand‐Bindungen, was dafür spricht, dass die Photoanregung mit einem Ladungstransfer vom Liganden zum Metall oder einer Änderung der Superaustauschkopplung zwischen den Metallzentren einhergeht.magnified image
Synthesis of 1,3‐Diamines Through Rhodium‐Catalyzed CH Insertion
Authors: Kurokawa Toshiki , Kim Mihyong , Du Bois J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractSchließen und öffnen: N‐Boc‐N‐alkylsulfamide sind geeignete Substrate für die Titelreaktion. Die oxidative Cyclisierung im ersten Schritt ist hoch chemoselektiv sowie stereospezifisch und diastereoselektiv. Mit neuen Verfahren zur Öffnung der dabei erhaltenen Sechsringheterocyclen werden unterschiedlich geschützte 1,3‐Diamine zugänglich (siehe Schema).magnified image
Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Compound Collections
Authors: Kumar Kamal , Waldmann Herbert 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMimicking nature synthetically: The successful development of multistep stereoselective syntheses gives access to natural product inspired compound collections having carbo‐, oxa‐,and azacyclic scaffold structures which promise to provide sources for new reagents in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology research.magnified imageNatural products, their derivatives, and their analogues are among the most important sources for new drug candidates and tools for chemical biology and medicinal chemistry research. Therefore, there is a need for the development of efficient synthesis methods which give access to natural product derived and inspired compound collections. To meet this challenge, the requirements of multistep stereoselective syntheses, and the logic and methodology of natural product total synthesis need to be translated and adapted to the methods and formats for the synthesis of compound collections. Recent developments in the synthesis of natural product inspired compound collections having carbocyclic and heterocyclic scaffolds highlight the fact that this goal can be successfully attained. The progress made has paved the way for the integration of natural product inspired compound collections into medicinal chemistry and chemical biology research.
Probing the Bioactive Conformation of an Archetypal Natural Product HDAC Inhibitor with Conformationally Homogeneous Triazole‐Modified Cyclic Tetrapeptides
Authors: Horne W. Seth , Olsen Christian A. , Beierle John M. , Montero Ana , Ghadiri M. Reza 
Published: March 2009

AbstractFooling enzymes with mock amides: Analogues of apicidin, a cyclic‐tetrapeptide inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), were designed with a 1,4‐ or 1,5‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazole in place of a backbone amide bond to fix the bond in question in either a trans‐like or a cis‐like configuration. Thus, the binding affinity of distinct peptide conformations (see picture) could be probed. One analogue proved in some cases to be superior to apicidin as an HDAC inhibitor.magnified image
Synthesis and application of some oligopolyamines as adhesives for road bitumens
Authors: Nikolov N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBy the amination of a fraction of n‐polychloroparaffins (C13–19) with 1,2‐ethylenediamine in a basic medium, oligopolyamines were obtained. The obtained products were characterized with spectroscopic, titrimetric, and elemental analyses and tested as adhesives for road bitumens. The samples, containing over 7.0% bound nitrogen in a concentration of 1.0 mass % with respect to the bitumen mixtures, were characterized by maximum effectiveness, that is, 100% adhesion between the bitumen and the mineral fillers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of novel oligomeric poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)–clay complexes
Authors: Chen Ruyi , Chen Dan , Su Shengpei 
Published: March 2009

AbstractOligomeric poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) quaternary ammonium salts were prepared through reactions of trimethylamine with corresponding poly(styrene–acrylonitrile–vinyl benzyl chloride)s, which were synthesized by the free‐radical polymerization of a mixture of styrene, acrylonitrile, and vinyl benzyl chloride. Then, oligomeric poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile)‐modified clays were prepared through the cation exchange of the sodium ions in the clay with the corresponding poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) quaternary ammonium salts. The poly(styrene–acrylonitrile–vinyl benzyl chloride)s, poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) quaternary ammonium salts, and their clay complexes were characterized with infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, thermogravimetric analysis, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies showed that these novel clay complexes were well intercalated. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis data indicated that this series of polymerically modified clays had high enough thermal stability for nanocomposites by melt blending. The thermal treatment of one of these novel clays at 250°C under nitrogen was also conducted. Solubility and infrared studies of this thermally treated clay complex revealed that a novel polyimine/enamine structure clay complex had been formed in the gallery of the clay. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Synthesis and characterization of biodegradable block copolymer pluronic‐b‐poly(L‐lysine)
Authors: Yu Hui , Gu Xiaohua , Shen Xinyuan , Li Yaogang , Duan Yourong 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study presented the investigations on the synthesis of a novel biodegradable block copolymer of pluronic‐b‐poly(L‐lysine) (pluronic‐b‐PLL), which combined the characteristics of aliphatic polyester and poly(amino acids). The synthesis work started with end‐capping of pluronic with N‐t‐butoxycarbonyl‐L‐phenylalanine using dicyclohexylcarbodiimide in the presence of 4‐dimethylaminopyridine, followed by a deprotection process to obtain the amino‐terminated pluronic; the new primary amino group in the modified pluronic initiated ring‐opening polymerization of amino acid N‐carboxyanhydride, which afforded the pluronic‐b‐poly(Nε‐(Z)‐L‐lysine) block copolymer. Finally, removal of the side‐chain Nε‐(carbonybenzoxy) end protecting groups yields the block copolymer of pluronic‐b‐PLL. The products were characterized by 1H‐NMR, FTIR, DSC, and GPC. The block copolymer micelle containing the anticancer drug paclitaxel was prepared by the double emulsion method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The reinforcement of red clay on natural rubber and its reinforcing mechanism
Authors: Deng Hua , Ao Ningjian , Yan Tuo , Zhang Li , Huang Chubo 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThree kinds of red clay were fractionated according to the particle size using ultrasonic and centrifugal method. The mechanical properties of the clay‐rubber composite with various clay fractions were determined. At the same time, both the content of the metal components in the clay and the affect to the aging properties were determined. The result shows that within a certain range, the clay particle size only affects some of the mechanical properties of clay‐rubber composite. The characteristic morphological structure of the clay provides a significant reinforcing action on clay‐rubber composite. We speculate that mechanism of the reinforcement of clay on rubber is that the clay forms a rigid or semi‐rigid chain aggregation structure in rubber. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Comparison of fibroblast and nerve cells response on plasma treated poly (L‐lactide) surface
Authors: Khorasani M. T. , Mirzadeh H. , Irani S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPlasma technique can easily be used to introduce desired functional groups or chains onto the surface of materials, and so it has a special application to improve the cell affinity of polymers surfaces. The purpose of this study is to elucidate the interaction between the cells and the surface of crystalline poly (L‐lactide) (PLLA) samples, which were modified using a low‐temperature plasma treatment apparatus. The plasma treatments were carried out in the carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. The results showed that the contact angle of the samples, which was plasma treated in CO2 gas, decreased compared with that of the untreated samples. The hydrophilicity increased because of the introduction of oxygen‐containing functional groups onto the PLLA surfaces according to the spectroscopy for chemical analysis. High quantities of CO groups, such as hydroxyl and carboxyl could be in corporate into the surface of PLLA. The surface wettability, topography, and chemistry of treated PLLA samples were characterized by contact angle measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and ATR‐FTIR spectroscopy. The origin and plasma‐treated samples were used to investigate the interaction of two different types of cells namely, B65 glial nervous, and L929 fibroblast cells. The nervous cell response on the PLLA plasma treated in the CO2 gas were significantly superior to that of the L929 fibroblast cells and untreated one. The surface modification technique used in this study may be applicable to tissue engineering for the improvement of nerve tissue compatibility of polymer and scaffold‐type substrates. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
The interchange reaction between poly(ethylene terephthalate) and poly(m‐xylylene adipamide)
Authors: Xie Fei , Kim Yong Wah , Jabarin Saleh A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe interchange reaction in blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(m‐xylylene adipamide) (MXD6) has been characterized in terms of changes observed in spectra obtained with a 600‐MHz 1H‐NMR. The selective degradation of PET components in the blends was carried out in the NMR tubes prior to evaluation. Results indicate that there is no chemical reaction between the PET and MXD6 in the absence of sodium p‐toluenesulfonate catalyst. The presence of the catalyst activates the interchange reaction between these two resins. A mathematical method was applied to calculate the degree of randomness of PET‐MXD6 copolymer. In addition, the reaction degree was found to be affected by exposure temperature, time, shear rate, and catalyst concentration. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Adsorptive removal of methylene blue from simulated dyeing wastewater with melamine‐formaldehyde‐urea resin
Authors: Ozdemir F. Ayca , Demirata Birsen , Apak R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA melamine‐formaldehyde‐urea (MFU) resin was used as adsorbent to clean wastewater containing a basic dye (methylene blue) used to simulate leather and textile processing dyes. Dye removal was followed by measuring the initial and final dye concentration in solution by UV‐Vis spectroscopy using the analytical wavelength of λ = 665 nm and the molar absorptivity of ε = (8.43 ± 0.05) × 104 L mol−1 cm−1. The concentration range of methylene blue in solution for adsorption experiments was between 10−7 and 10−5 M so as to avoid dye polymerization reactions in solution that would give rise to apparent deviations from Beer's law. Batch and column methods were used for investigating adsorptive removal of dye. Parameters such as pH and contact time were optimized. The capacity of the sorbent for the dye was found by classical adsorption modeling (15.0 mg g−1) with the aid of a Langmuir isotherm. The optimal pH for adsorption was 7–8. Adsorption is thought to proceed mainly through cation exchange of methylene blue (MB+) with the RCOO− exchange groups of the sorbent. Adsorption was fast, and reached an equilibrium within 30 min. Color removal of simulated leather dyeing wastewater was shown to be feasible under optimal conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
A novel hydrogen peroxide sensor based on multiwalled carbon nanotubes/poly(pyrocatechol violet)‐modified glassy carbon electrode
Authors: Fang Bin , Zhang Na , Zhang Wei , Gu Aixia , Wang Guangfeng 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn this work, a new hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was reported based on electropolymerizing pyrocatechol violet (PCV) on a glassy carbon electrode modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scanning electron micrography. The result of electrochemical experiments showed a favorable catalytic activity toward the reduction of H2O2 at −0.4 V with a linear response range from 2.0 μM to 2.4 mM and a detection limit of 0.7 μM (at a S/N = 3). The well catalytic activity of proposed sensor could be attributed to the poly‐PCV/MWCNTs composite film on the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. In addition, the sensor also exhibited a high sensitivity, good stability, and reproducibility. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Surface modification of carbon nanofibers via deposition of an ultrathin coating of plasma‐polymerized poly(acrylic acid) and its effect on the properties of polyamide 6/CNF nanocomposites
Authors: Hernández‐Hernández E. , Neira‐Velázquez M. G. , Mendez‐Nonell J. , Ramos‐deValle L. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractCarbon nanofibers (CNFs) were coated with an ultrathin layer of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) via plasma polymerization. The effect of the plasma reactor parameters on the extent of the CNF modification was studied. SEM micrographs showed that surface roughness increased with the plasma treatment. The thickness of the ultrathin PAA layer deposited on the CNF was determined by STEM to be ca. 8 nm. Untreated and treated CNF were melt‐mixed with polyamide 6 (PA6) in a Brabender mixing chamber to obtain PA6/CNF nanocomposites. The effect of the plasma treatment on the dispersion and compatibility was examined and found to improve markedly. Fractured tensile specimens showed that the CNF seemed to be completely embedded in the polymer matrix, indicating high compatibility between the PA6 and the PAA‐coated CNF. Tensile stress and tensile modulus of PA6 nanocomposites with treated CNF were found to increase by 30 and 48%, respectively, when compared with those with untreated CNF. However, the increase in tensile stress and modulus with respect to pure PA6 was 52 and 88%, respectively. Finally, XRD showed that the CNF induce the formation of the α (alpha)‐crystalline phase in PA6. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Solid state mechano‐chemical grafting copolymerization of hydroxyethyl cellulose with acrylic acid
Authors: Chen Rong , Yi Chuanbin , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe effects of mechanochemical treatment on hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and its grafting reaction with acrylic acid (AA) under solvent‐free conditions were studied through a vibratory ball‐milling machine, which was developed in our laboratory. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and 13C‐NMR analysis were used to investigate the structural development of HEC during vibromilling and the grafting mechanism. Further development of the structure and properties of the graft copolymer was characterized by viscosity measurement, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), and thermal gravity (TG) analysis. The FTIR results showed a new peak at 1720 cm−1, corresponding to the CO absorbance peak of AA, which indicated that AA was successfully grafted onto HEC during the high‐energy vibromilling of the HEC/AA mixture at ambient temperature in the absence of a solvent and a catalyst. The WAXD showed the destruction of crystals of HEC during the milling, and the TG analysis demonstrated the improvement of the thermal stability of the copolymer. The effects of the processing conditions on the grafting rate and grafting efficiency were studied by chemical titration to determine the optimum grafting conditions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Invasive species shifts ontogenetic resource partitioning and microhabitat use of a threatened native amphibian
Authors: D'Amore Antonia , Kirby Erik , McNicholas Michael 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Invasive species may have direct effects on native species, such as predation or competition, as well as indirect effects such as altering habitat or the behaviour of a native species. Indirect effects can be difficult to detect, but whole‐system removal of invasive species presents an excellent opportunity for revealing these more subtle effects.
American bullfrogs were introduced to California in the late 1800s and have been implicated in the declines of native ranid species. Invasive American bullfrogs were removed from a series of 12 ponds to test for changes in microhabitat use of federally threatened California red‐legged frogs, using a neighbouring field site with six ponds as a control.
There was a marked increase in the total number of adult California red‐legged frogs seen in all of the ponds after the first year of bullfrog removal, suggesting that these adults were in the ponds, but hiding when invaders were present. Ontogenetic partitioning of habitat in this species was documented, as well as a shift in that partitioning and increased hiding behaviour with adult bullfrog presence. California red‐legged frogs used willows significantly more as cover, and were found on bare shores half as often when adult bullfrogs were present.
These results support recent suggestions that behavioural responses of prey to predators can play a substantial role in total predator effects and suggest that careful management of invasive species may be necessary to accurately evaluate population sizes of this threatened amphibian species.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.