bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Veterinary intensive care
Authors: BURROWS COLIN F. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe term ‘intensive care’ is becoming increasingly popular in veterinary medicine to describe those techniques employed in caring for the critically ill animal. Application of the techniques required for intensive care is not difficult and can be employed in any veterinary practice. The purpose of intensive care is the uncomplicated conversion of a dramatic disease process into an uneventful one, not the performance of life‐saving heroics.Critically ill patients share several common features, particularly the need for diligent monitoring and nursing. Regardless of the primary disease, the function of many organs is frequently impaired in these patients and they require total body care. Critically ill animals may have fluid, acid‐base and electrolyte imbalances, increased caloric requirements and an increased susceptibility to infection. This paper describes the equipping and staffing of an intensive care unit and the various techniques for monitoring critically ill animals. It also reviews aspects of fluid and electrolyte disturbances and therapy, and the unusual respiratory problems and nutritional requirements of these patients.
Surgical management of multi‐system trauma in a cat
Authors: EATON‐WELLS RICHARD D. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA cat was presented in coma following severe trauma. The cat was alert and walking within 24 hours, after treatment with intravenous dexamethasone and mannitol. However, he subsequently began to show evidence of severe abdominal pain. An exploratory laparotomy revealed traumatic avulsion of the left limb of the pancreas. A sub‐total pancreatectomy was performed and the cat recovered well. Two weeks post‐operatively, the cat was re‐presented with ataxia, proprioceptive deficits, and upper motor neuron weakness in all four limbs. Radiographs revealed a fracture/luxation of C1–C2 which could not be adequately stabilized solely via a dorsal approach. A combined ventral and dorsal approach produced stabilization of the cervical spine which was clinically successful. Two months post‐operatively there was stability but malalignment of C1–C2, and the cat appeared normal.
Isolation of Clostridium novyi (Cl. oedematiens) from liver lesions in a dog with pancreatic acinar carcinoma
Authors: LOVE DARIA N. , MADDISON JILL E. , FINNIMORE PAMELA M. , ROTHWELL T. L. W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper records the isolation of Clostridium novyi from liver lesions in a dog with pancreatic acinar carcinoma and multiple hepatic metastases.
A technique for fixation of intercondylar humeral fractures in immature small dogs
Authors: PAYNE‐JOHNSON M. , LEWIS D. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA simple wiring technique is described for the fixation of intercondylar fractures of the distal humerus of puppies of small breeds. The technique was used on seven cases admitted to the University of Liverpool Veterinary Hospital between 1975 and 1978. Emphasis is laid on the relative merits of the technique for animals with very small bones and in particular in those cases where the bones have a comparatively soft texture.
The blood glucose response to three prolonged duration insulins in canine diabetes mellitus
Authors: CHURCH D. B. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe duration of action and peak activity time of three delayed‐absorption insulin preparations (protamine zinc insulin, isophane insulin and an insulin zinc suspension) were compared in eight naturally occurring, hypoinsulinaemic, non‐ketotic diabetic dogs. Although the average responses were similar to previously suggested values, marked individual variation was demonstrated, particularly with the protamine zinc and isophane preparations.
Metrizamide myelography in sixty‐eight dogs
Authors: WRIGHT JAYNE A. , JONES D. G. CLAYTON 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe results of 68 metrizamide myelograms in the dog are recorded, involving both cisternal and lumbar punctures. The technical considerations are described together with interpretation of the normal myelogram and the diagnostic signs. Failure to obtain a good contrast column occurred in 14 dogs, and post myelographic signs were observed in eight.
Biliary tract surgery in the dog: a review
Authors: THOMPSON S. M. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe indications for surgery on the biliary system in the dog are discussed with reference to the anatomy, specific disease syndromes and associated clinical signs. Surgical procedures are described for the treatment of biliary tract obstruction or rupture, and applicable cases reported in the literature are reviewed. The pathogenesis of bile peritonitis is also briefly discussed.
Hereditary myotonia in the Chow Chow
Authors: FARROW B. R. H. , MALIK R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFour related Chow Chow puppies which were presented because of stiffness in their movements were shown to have myotonia similar to myotonia congenita of man. Electromyography revealed characteristic myotonic discharges. Repetitive nerve stimulation studies showed a marked fade in the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) which was most apparent at stimulation rates of 10 per sec or higher. If stimulation was continued at a rate of 10 per sec the CMAP returned to normal or sometimes greater than normal following several seconds of the reduced response. The decremental response could be exaggerated by cooling the muscle prior to repetitive nerve stimulation.A therapeutic trial to assess the efficacy of the commonly used membrane stabilizing agents, quinidine, procainamide and phenytoin, indicated that all three drugs were beneficial in the treatment of myotonia but procainamide produced the best response.Hypocholesterolaemia was documented in one case. The possibility of a multisystem membrane defect in hereditary myotonia associated with low serum cholesterol was considered.
Cataract in the West Highland White Terrier
Authors: NARFSTRÖM K. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCataracts were found in 49 of 97 interrelated West Highland White Terriers. Thirty‐four dogs exhibited a ‘y’ suture cataract, mainly affecting the tips of the posterior ‘y’ suture line, while 12 dogs had complete cataracts. An autosomal recessive inheritance is surmised.
Nasopharyngeal polyps arising in the middle ear of the cat
Authors: LANE J. G. , ORR C. M. , LUCKE V. M. , GRUFFYDD‐JONES T. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical presentation, diagnosis and surgical treatment of four cats with nasopharyngeal polyps are described. In three cats the microscopic appearance of the polyps together with the finding of radiographic densities in the tympanic bullae point to the middle ear as the origin of these polyps. These are inflammatory lesions and it is suggested that they occur as the result of ascending infection from the nasopharynx. Experience has shown that, in spite of recurrence in some cases, simple traction rather than bulla osteotomy is the preferred method of treatment.
A generalized chondropathy of joint cartilage leading to deformity of the elbow joints in a litter of Newfoundland dogs
Authors: GRØNDALEN JORUNN 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA description of a litter of Newfoundland dogs of which six out of seven puppies suffered from, more or less, deformation of the elbow joints, is presented. The two male dogs were, because of the condition, destroyed at 20 weeks of age. The patho‐anatomical examination revealed abnormalities of the joint cartilage of all the major joints of the extremities. The condition is described as a generalized fibroid, proliferative degeneration of the joint cartilage.
Pyloric stenosis caused by hypertrophic gastritis in three dogs
Authors: HAPPÉ R. P. , GAAG I. VAN DER , WOLVEKAMP W. Th. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTHypertrophic gastritis of the pyloric antrum is described in an 11‐year‐old female poodle, a 14‐year‐old male Maltese terrier and a 13‐year‐old male mongrel. The dogs suffered from chronic vomiting. Gastroscopic examination revealed mucosal proliferations in dogs 1 and 3. Radiographic examination showed signs of pyloric obstruction in all three dogs. Contrast studies demonstrated thickenings in the region of the pylorus in dogs 1 and 2. Laparotomy was done in all three dogs: in dog 1 a gastro‐duodenostomy was performed and in dogs 2 and 3 the circularly thickened mucosa was resected. The mucosa of all three dogs showed hypertrophic gastritis, chiefly due to foveolar hyperplasia, and round cell infiltration, especially in the superficial layers. Herniation of mucosal glands through the muscularis mucosae was found in dog 1. Dogs 1 and 2 recovered well and vomiting ceased. Dog 3 continued to vomit because of a pyloric stenosis, mainly due to muscular hypertrophy.
Plasma cell myeloma with IgG paraproteinaemia in a bitch
Authors: ORR C. M. , HIGGINSON J. , BAKER J. R. , JONES D. R. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPlasma cell myeloma with an associated aplastic anaemia and Bence‐Jones proteinuria is described in a nine year‐old bitch. The paraproteins in the serum were found to be of an IgG type.
Lead poisoning in a cat
Authors: WATSON A. D. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTLead poisoning was suspected in a 3‐year old Persian cat with depression, anorexia and sporadic vomiting. Laboratory tests disclosed an increased urinary delta aminolevulinic acid (δ‐ALA) concentration but normoblastaemia or basophilic stippling of erythrocytes. Treatment for lead poisoning with calcium ethylenediamine tetraacetate for 5 days brought clinical improvement and reduction of urinary δ‐ALA concentration but signs of toxicosis recurred in the next week. Repeated chelation therapy brought prompt improvement. A dog and another cat in the household had increased urinary δ‐ALA concentrations, indicating metabolic effects of lead exposure, but were clinically well and were not treated. The source of lead was believed to be old paint.
Mycobacterium avium infection in a dog
Authors: BEAUMONT PETER R. , JEZYK PETER F. , HASKINS MARK E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA 5‐year old, spayed, mongrel was presented with intractable diarrhoea. Histopathologic examination of biopsy specimens taken during exploratory laparotomy revealed acid‐fast organisms in the spleen, caecum, and colon. The dog was subsequently destroyed. At post‐mortem, lesions were also observed in the liver and lymph nodes. Mycobacterium avium was cultured from splenic tissue. Infection of dogs with this organism is rare and the clinical picture described unusual.
Influence of progesterone and pregnancy on canine fibrinogen values
Authors: GENTRY P. A. , LIPTRAP R. M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTProgesterone alone or in combination with oestrogen was given to male dogs and nonoestrous bitches by intramuscular injection. Progesterone produced a marked increase in plasma fibrinogen values. The fibrinogen response appeared to be independent of oestrogen administration. No alteration in haematocrit values, platelet count, APTT and OSPT results or the activities of coagulation factors VII, VIII and IX was observed following hormone administration. It is suggested that increased plasma progesterone concentrations may be partly responsible for the two‐ to three‐fold increase in fibrinogen which occurs during gestation in the bitch.
Characterization of strains of Staphylococci from infections in dogs and cats
Authors: LOVE DARIA N. , LOMAS G. , BAILEY MARILYN , JONES R. F. , WESTON I. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTForty strains of Staphylococci from infections of dogs and cats were characterized with respect to their coagulase and thermonuclease activities, and 19 strains for their fermentation of mannitol anaerobically. Thermonuclease correlated well with tube coagulase activity but there was a poor correlation between these two characters, the ability to ferment mannitol anaerobically, and the presence of bound coagulase.Fifty percent of the organisms were resistant to penicillin due to the presence of β‐lactamase (penicillinase). There was a strict correlation between detection of β‐lactamase by the disc diffusion and the slide penicillinase tests. Antibiotics to which organisms were resistant also were bacitracin (52·5%), lincomycin (20%), streptomycin (17·5%), tetracyclines (12·5%) and chloramphenicol (7·5%).
Milk substitutes and the hand rearing of orphan puppies and kittens
Authors: BAINES FRANCES M. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTGrowth in puppies and kittens during the suckling period is briefly reviewed. The nutrients required for this are discussed, as is their provision in bitch and queen milk. The use of milk substitutes in the rearing of orphan puppies and kittens is considered. The composition of a variety of milk substitute diets is determined, and the nutritive value of each product assessed.
Cryptococcal infection of the central nervous system of a dog in the United Kingdom
Authors: PALMER A. C. , HERRTAGE M. E. , KAPLAN W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCryptococcal infection of the C.N.S. is described in a two‐year‐old Borzoi dog. The animal showed limb weakness progressing over a period of five months to spastic paraplegia with head tremor, stiffness of the neck and nystagmus. On post‐mortem examination there was severe hydrocephalus and granulomatous ependymitis. Cryptococci were found in the lesions and were identified on the basis of morphology and reaction to specific fluorescent antibody. This is believed to be the first case of canine cryptococcosis reported in the United Kingdom.
The effect of some exogenous hormones on seminal characteristics, libido and peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations in the male Beagle
Authors: TAHA M. B. , NOAKES D. E. , ALLEN W. EDWARD 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe effect of short term treatment with exogenous hormones viz. HCG, testosterone, betamethasone and delmadinone, on semen characteristics, libido and peripheral plasma testosterone concentrations was studied in five mature Beagle dogs. HCG caused a slight increase in the total ejaculatory volume whilst betamethasone depressed the total ejaculatory volume, reduced sperm output and increased the number of abnormal spermatozoa. Delmadinone reduced libido, ejaculatory volume and total sperm output.
Multiple cartilaginous exostoses in a dog
Authors: FINNIE J. W. , SINCLAIR I. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA case of multiple cartilaginous exostoses (osteochondromatosis) in a 9‐month‐old Kelpie cross dog is described. This uncommon dyschondroplasia, which resembled multiple cartilaginous exostoses in man, involved the radius, the femur, a metacarpal and metatarsal bone, the phalanges of three extremities, the pelvis, the ribs and cervical, thoracic and coccygeal vertebrae.
Detection of pregnancy in the bitch: a study of abdominal palpation, A‐mode ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound techniques
Authors: ALLEN W. EDWARD , MEREDITH M. J. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA total of 474 pregnancy tests (of all three types) were carried out on 82 bitches of a variety of breeds. The practical problems and possible sources of error for each test were studied and their accuracy in predicting whether or not the bitches would whelp was ascertained. Palpation of the abdomen, in the period from 26 to 35 days after mating, was found to be 87% accurate in detecting bitches that would whelp and 73% accurate in detecting bitches that would not whelp. The optimum period for using A‐mode ultrasound was found to be from 32 to 62 days after mating. In this period the accuracy of detecting bitiches that would whelp was 90%, and for non‐whelping bitches was 83%. Two Doppler ultrasound instruments were used. For the superior instrument, the accuracy of detecting whelping bitches was 85% and 100%, in the periods from 36 to 42 days and 43 days to term, respectively. For detection of non‐whelping bitches, the accuracy was 100%.
Haematology estimation by means of the ‘Compur’ system compared with methods in standard use
Authors: DOLLIN B. E. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTPortable instruments for determining red blood cell counts, haemoglobin and packed cell volume are described and compared with laboratory‐based apparatus and methods. Results showed close agreement between haemoglobin and packed cell volume estimations but that a calibration curve was necessary when counting canine red blood cells.
Two cases of multiple myeloma in the dog
Authors: FINNIE J. W. , WILKS C. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTMultiple myeloma (plasma cell myeloma) is an uncommon neoplasm in the dog. Clinical features of an IgG and an IgA‐secreting myeloma are discussed, together with immunological investigations which confirmed the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy. Histopathological findings in these 2 cases are described.
Congenital porto‐systemic shunts in sixteen dogs and three cats
Authors: ROTHUIZEN J. , VAN DEN INGH TH. S. G. A. M. , VOORHOUTM G. , VAN DER LUER R. J. T. , WOUDA W. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTCongenital porto‐systemic shunts in sixteen dogs and three cats are described. A major symptom was hepato‐encephalopathy. In most cases diagnosis was based on elevated venous ammonia levels, abnormal ammonia tolerance and results of operative mesenteric portography. Clinical signs, laboratory findings, results of portography, and pathologic findings in the liver and the central nervous system are described. A diagnostic schedule is proposed to aid in recognition of this syndrome.
Melaena associated with dexamethasone therapy in the dog
Authors: CRAWFORD LESTER M. , WILSON ROBERT C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA retrospective study of seventeen cases of canine melaena incriminated a mean daily dosage of 3.6 mg/kg (range 1.3–13.8 mg/kg) of dexamethasone. All dogs were afflicted with some central nervous system disorder with intervertebral disc disease present in twelve of the cases. Ten of the the seventeen subjects had concurrently received ampicillin therapy. Causation was linked by the previous finding that ACTH and cortisone impede both gastric epithelial renewal and surface mucus formation.
A cardiomyopathy in the English Cocker Spaniel: a clinico‐pathological investigation
Authors: GOODING J. P. , ROBINSON W. F. , WYBURN R. S. , CULLEN L. K. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThis report describes some of the characteristics of a cardiomyopathy in English Cocker Spaniels. Forty‐nine dogs from a kennel with a history of a cardiomyopathy were assessed clinically, electrocardiographically and radiographically. Angiography, haemodynamic and post‐mortem examinations were carried out on selected dogs. On electrocardiographic (ECG) and radiographic criteria the dogs were classified into five groups. Twenty‐six dogs (Group 1) were normal. Seven dogs (Group 2) showed ECG changes compatible with left or biventricular hypertrophy in the absence of radiographic abnormality. This was interpreted as concentric hypertrophy. Seven dogs (Group 3) showed ECG and radiographic evidence of cardiac hypertrophy with five of the seven exhibiting enlargement of both chambers. The changes were considered to be compatible with eccentric hypertrophy. Post‐mortem findings in dogs with ECG characteristics of Groups 2 and 3 have shown concentric hypertrophy in three cases and eccentric hypertrophy in one case. Six dogs (Group 4) had right axis deviations. Three dogs (Group 5) showed left axis deviations. It is suggested that a cardiomyopathy exists in English Cocker Spaniels initially developing as a concentric hypertrophy and progressing to eccentric hypertrophy. At present the aetiology is unknown.
Oestrus control in bitches with chlormadinone acetate
Authors: SEKELES E. , de LANGE A. , SAMUEL L. , AHARON D. C. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTA clinical study of oestrus control in bitches with chlormadinone acetate (CMA) is reported. The commercial 1‐0 per cent crystalline suspension of CMA was injected subcutaneously at a dose of 3 mg/kg, or somewhat lower for the largest animals. Treatment was initiated always in anoestrus and was repeated twice annually for as long as requested. The longest, 9‐year, period of anoestrus was achieved by twenty repeated treatments. A total of 2,471 treatments were given to 568 bitches (an average of 4‐4 treatments per bitch) during a period of over 10 years, with an efficacy of 98 per cent. The incidence of false pregnancy, uterine inflammatory disorders and mammary nodules in the treated group were compared to those of an age‐related control group of 487 bitches that did not receive hormonal treatment. A lower incidence of false pregnancy and the two clinical entities was observed in the group of treated animals. It is concluded that CMA can be used safely and reliably for oestrus control in bitches and is therefore, an appropriate alternative for ovariohysterectomy.
Current concepts of fever*
Authors: MICHELL A. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTFever is a regulated re‐setting of body temperature, rather than a failure of control. Opinion has fluctuated for centuries between regarding it as a favourable response to disease or as an adverse effect. Some of the mechanisms of fever have been defined and thus the mode of action of antipyretic drugs can be explained. It has also become clear that fever has a longer evolutionary history than ‘warm bloodedness’, thus it is hard to imagine the perpetuation of such an ancient and widespread response unless its effects were beneficial. Only recently, however, has the nature of these benefits begun to be established.
Canine ectopic ureter—a review of twenty‐nine cases
Authors: HOLT P. E. , GIBBS C. , PEARSON H. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYThe presenting signs, methods of diagnosis and treatment of 29 dogs with ureteric ectopia are described. The information presented is combined with that from previous reports to provide an analysis of the breed and sex incidences of affected animals and the distributions of side and termination of ectopic ureters.
A.O. hook plate fixation for metaphyseal fractures and corrective wedge osteotomies
Authors: LEGER L. , SUMNER‐SMITH G. , GOFTON N. , PRIEUR W. D. 
Published: April 2008

SUMMARYThe Prieur technique was employed to hook plates to fractures and corrective osteotomies. The technique permits rigid internal fixation when one component of the bone is particularly small.
Dislocation of the stifle joint in the cat
Authors: PHILLIPS I. R. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTThe clinical and radiographic features of nine cases of stifle dislocation in the cat are described. Four cases were treated with a skin prosthesis and five with a nylon prosthesis. There was an early return to soundness and in only one case was there a recurrence of joint instability.
A preliminary study of pregnancy termination in the bitch with slow‐release formulations of prostaglandin analogues
Authors: JACKSON P. S. , FURR B. J. A. , HUTCHINSON F. G. 
Published: April 2008

ABSTRACTForty‐two beagle bitches at gestational ages from 4 to 35 days were treated with various formulations of the prostaglandin analogues fluprostenol and cloprostenol at doses from 10–40 μg/kg in an attempt to terminate pregnancy. Pregnancy was confirmed and the effect of treatment assessed by euthanasia and post‐mortem examination to detect viable foetuses or resorbing implants twenty‐one days after prostaglandin administration.Five of the bitches treated with an aqueous solution of cloprostenol by subcutaneous injection showed unacceptable side effects but both compounds in a slow release injectable formulation or impregnated into intravaginal devices had a luteolytic effect with only mild side effects in occasional bitches. Successful response to treatment in terms of sustained depression of plasma progesterone concentrations and pregnancy termination was 80 per cent at gestation stages of 25 days or over but only 27 per cent when given earlier in pregnancy. Mature follicles developed in two bitches which aborted following treatment at 14 days and returned to oestrus 10–14 days later.These preliminary findings show that slow‐release formulations of fluprostenol and cloprostenol can cause complete luteolysis in the bitch.