bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The direct support workforce in community supports to individuals with developmental disabilities: Issues, implications, and promising pactices
Authors: Hewitt Amy , Larson Sheryl 
Published: June 2007

AbstractDifficulties in finding, keeping, and ensuring the competence of the direct support workforce in community developmental disability services has long been a challenge for individuals, families, providers, and policy makers. Direct support staff recruitment, retention, and competence are widely reported as one of the most significant barriers to the sustainability, growth, and quality of community services for people with developmental disabilities (ANCOR [2001] State of the states report. Alexandria, VA: ANCOR; Colorado Department of Human Services, [2000] Response to Footnote 106 of the FY 2001 appropriations long bill: Capacity of the community services systems for persons with developmental disabilities in Colorado; Hewitt [2000] Dynamics of the workforce crisis. Presentation at the NASDDDS Fall meeting. Alexandria, VA). While long in existence, these challenges are ones of growing concern because the number of people demanding community services is increasing and the population of people from which to recruit workers is declining (Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation [2006] The supply of direct support professionals serving individuals with intellectual disabilities and other developmental disabilities: Report to Congress. Washington, DC: Office of Disability, Aging and Long‐Term Care Policy, ASPE, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services). As the service system moves towards consumer direction, managed care, and more noncategorical service delivery systems, the difficulties of providing for an adequate and well‐prepared workforce to support people with developmental disabilities becomes more complex and multifaceted. The solutions to those challenges are also more complex. This article reviews the literature regarding the complexity of the direct support workforce crisis, the effects of this crisis on various stakeholder groups, promising practices designed to address the challenges, and the related practice and policy implications. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. MRDD Research Reviews 2007;13:178–187.
A note on the generation of periodic granular microstructures based on grain size distributions
Authors: Meier H. A. , Kuhl E. , Steinmann P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis short communication discusses an algorithm suited for the generation of periodic microstructures of granular media. Its particular features are a user‐defined grain size distribution, a representative volume element which is intrinsically periodic ab initio and a user‐defined termination criterion, controlled by an increase of volume fraction. For low densities our particle packings resemble fluids or gases, while we aim to reach for rather dense particle packings, similar to granular solids. The generated microstructures can thus be readily incorporated into large multiscale simulations, e.g. on the integration point level of a finite element analysis of a particular sand or concrete. The individual grain size
distribution of the granular medium is incorporated through the introduction of different growth rates governing the final particle size distribution. We briefly sketch the generation of the representative volume element within a serial event‐driven scheme and demonstrate how periodic boundary conditions are ensured throughout the representative volume element generation process. The potential of the suggested algorithm will be illustrated through the generation of two different periodic multi‐disperse microstructures. They are based on different given grain size distributions, one for a quartz sand with a low non‐uniformity index and one for concrete aggregates classified as A32 by the German standard norm DIN 1045 to have a rather large variation in grain size. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of UPP in evaluating bladder outlet obstruction due to benign prostatic enlargement
Authors: Fang Qiang , Song Bo , Li Weibing , Lu Gensheng , Jin Xiyu , Zhang Xuwei , Fan Ruhui 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo study the role of UPP in assessing bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE).Materials and MethodsUrodynamic results from 1281 elderly men with Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) obtained from September 1999 through July 2005 were retrospectively analyzed. Independent samplet‐test or Wilcoxon signed‐rank test was used to compare the parameters of different groups according to PFS. Chi‐square test was used to compare the percentage of urethral pressure profile (UPP) types between different groups. ROC curve was used to study the practical value of UPP parameters in diagnosing BOO.ResultsAccording to PFS, patients were divided into three groups: Obstructed, equivocal obstructed and unobstructed. There was significant difference between the unobstructed and obstructed group in the age of patients, bladder capacity, residual volume, voided volume, voided time, prostatic plateau area (PPA), prostatic length, functional profile length, pressure of bladder neck, and pressure of seminal colliculus, but not in maximum urethral closure pressure. All UPP parameters correlated significantly to the diagnosis of bladder outlet obstruction due to BPE. The largest area under the ROC curve was that of PPA.ConclusionsOur results indicate that PPA on UPP is useful in assessing the grade of obstruction due to BPE when PFS fails, a finding still to be evaluated by prospective studies. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:842–846, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Voiding reflex in chronic spinal cord injured cats induced by stimulating and blocking pudendal nerves
Authors: Tai Changfeng , Wang Jicheng , Wang Xianchun , Roppolo James R. , de Groat William C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo induce efficient voiding in chronic spinal cord injured (SCI) cats.MethodsVoiding reflexes induced by bladder distension or by electrical stimulation and block of pudendal nerves were investigated in chronic SCI cats under α‐chloralose anesthesia.ResultsThe voiding efficiency in chronic SCI cats induced by bladder distension was very poor compared to that in spinal intact cats (7.3 ± 0.9% vs. 93.6 ± 2.0%, P < 0.05). In chronic SCI cats continuous stimulation of the pudendal nerve on one side at 20 Hz induced large amplitude bladder contractions, but failed to induce voiding. However, continuous pudendal nerve stimulation (20 Hz) combined with high‐frequency (10 kHz) distal blockade of the ipsilateral pudendal nerve elicited efficient (73.2 ± 10.7%) voiding. Blocking the pudendal nerves bilaterally produced voiding efficiency (82.5 ± 4.8%) comparable to the efficiency during voidings induced by bladder distension in spinal intact cats, indicating that the external urethral sphincter (EUS) contraction was caused not only by direct activation of the pudendal efferent fibers, but also by spinal reflex activation of the EUS through the contralateral pudendal nerve. The maximal bladder pressure and average flow rate induced by stimulation and bilateral pudendal nerve block in chronic SCI cats were also comparable to those in spinal intact cats.ConclusionsThis study shows that after the spinal cord is chronically isolated from the pontine micturition center, bladder distension evokes a transient, inefficient voiding reflex, whereas stimulation of somatic afferent fibers evokes a strong, long duration, spinal bladder reflex that elicits efficient voiding when combined with blockade of somatic efferent fibers in the pudendal nerves. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:879–886, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Development and validation of the overactive bladder satisfaction (OAB‐S) questionnaire
Authors: Piault Elisabeth , Evans Christopher J. , Espindle Derek , Kopp Zoe , Brubaker Linda , Abrams Paul 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo develop and validate a measure of patient satisfaction with treatment in overactive bladder: the Overactive Bladder Satisfaction Questionnaire (OAB‐S).MethodsDevelopment of the questionnaire included a comprehensive literature review, development of a conceptual model, item elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews with US‐English and US‐Spanish patients, and assessment of the questionnaire's translatability in other languages. Psychometric validation of the questionnaire was run on a longitudinal, non‐randomized study involving 201 OAB patients. Analyses included construct validity, concurrent validity, tests of reliability, known‐group validity, and responsiveness (exploratory).ResultsThe OAB‐S is a patient‐completed questionnaire including five scales: OAB Control Expectations (ten items); Impact on Daily Living with OAB (ten items); OAB Control (ten items); OAB Medication Tolerability (six items); and Satisfaction with Control (ten items) and five single‐item overall assessments of patient's fulfillment of OAB medication expectations, interruption of day‐to‐day life due to OAB, overall satisfaction with OAB medication; willingness to continue OAB medication and improvement in day‐to‐day life due to OAB medication. The hypothesized structure of the questionnaire was supported by statistical analyses. Internal consistency reliability coefficients (ranging from 0.76 to 0.94) and test‐retest reliability coefficients (ranging from 0.72 to 0.87) were good for all dimensions. All dimensions except tolerability discriminated well according to self‐reported OAB severity level and incontinence status.ConclusionThe OAB‐S is a valid, comprehensive instrument to assess satisfaction with treatment of OAB based on independent scales that have demonstrated satisfactory psychometric performance. Neurourol. Urodynam. 27:179–190, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sacral nerve stimulation for neuromodulation of the lower urinary tract
Authors: Oerlemans Dennis J.A.J. , van Kerrebroeck Philip E.V. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractPatients with symptoms of overactive bladder syndrome or non‐obstructive urinary retention, refractory to conservative therapy, can nowadays be treated minimally invasively with sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). The use of electric currents to treat urological pathology has a long history but SNS therapy only received FDA approval in 1997. The mechanisms of action are still not known so there are different theories explaining the modulation effect. Recent studies have shown a central modulation effect. Predictive factors which can help to identify the perfect candidates are not known. Over the years the technique of SNS has become less invasive and because of two stage implantation test results have proven to be more reliable. The clinical results for this therapy have proven to be safe and effective and with the technical improvements over the years the re‐operation and complication rates have decreased significantly. The clinical results have led to expanding indications because of positive effects in other symptoms. In the field of urology this has resulted in the use of SNS therapy for interstitial cystitis, neurogenic lower urinary dysfunction, and pediatric voiding dysfunction. In the field of gastro‐intestinal pathology, SNS therapy is used to treat faecal incontinence and constipation. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Simultaneous registration of intraabdominal and intravesical pressures during cystometry in conscious rats—Effects of bladder outlet obstruction and intravesical PGE2
Authors: Lee Tack , Andersson Karl‐Erik , Streng Tomi , Hedlund Petter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsA method was developed and evaluated to simultaneously register intraabdominal pressure (IAP) and intravesical pressure (IVP) during cystometry in conscious rats. In addition, IAP and IVP were recorded in rats with experimental detrusor overactivity (DO).MethodsSprague Dawley rats (n = 24) were used. Six female rats were subjected to partial bladder outlet obstruction for 2 weeks. A catheter was implanted into the bladder to record the IVP, and a balloon‐fitted catheter was positioned in the abdominal cavity to record the IAP. PGE2 was given intravesically to induce DO. Detrusor pressure (DP) was defined as the IVP corrected for IAP.ResultsRecorded as increases in IAP, all rats of both sexes exhibited abdominal straining during every void. In controls, a maximal IAP of 6.0 ± 1.4 cmH2O (range 3–15 cmH2O) was registered (n = 12) at the time of the flow pressure (FP). Intravesical administration of PGE2 or BOO did not affect the IAP at basal pressure, FP or micturition pressure. Changes in IAP due to movement or non‐voiding‐related straining were subtracted from IVP to generate DP and to visualize DO after BOO or intravesical PGE2.ConclusionsThe conscious rat uses abdominal straining during voiding, and maximal IAP is recorded at the onset of urinary flow. Simultaneous registration of IAP and IVP during the micturition cycle in conscious rats is a convenient method for accurate quantification of pressures inside the bladder and for studying “true” DO without interference from movement artifacts. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Urinary and erectile dysfunction in multiple system atrophy (MSA)
Authors: Papatsoris A.G. , Papapetropoulos S. , Singer C. , Deliveliotis C. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractMultiple system atrophy (MSA) is a neurodegenerative disease of undetermined etiology that occurs sporadically and manifests itself as a combination of parkinsonian, autonomic, cerebellar, and pyramidal signs. Despite the lack of effective therapies, some of the symptoms may be, at least temporarily, improved with adequate symptomatic therapies. Urinary and erectile dysfunction (ED) symptoms are prominent early features in male MSA patients. Lower urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in this disorder. More than 50% of MSA patients suffer from recurrent lower UTIs and a significant number (∼25%) die of complications related to them. Urogenital symptoms in MSA are usually due to a complex mixture of central and peripheral nervous abnormalities, sometimes superimposed on previous local pathological conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and perineal laxity. There have been instances were MSA‐related urological symptoms were confused with symptoms of benign prostatic hyperplasia, leading to unnecessary urological surgery. In this review, we present the phenotypic range and therapeutic approaches for common storage and voiding urological symptoms and ED, in patients with MSA. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Postvoid residual urine in women with stress incontinence
Authors: Tseng Ling‐Hong , Liang Ching‐Chung , Chang Yao‐Lung , Lee She‐Jane , Lloyd L. Keith , Chen Chun‐Kai 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAimsTo confirm the idea that women with stress incontinence can have elevated postvoid residual urine (PVR) and to examine the correlation between PVR obtained with catheterization versus that with BladderScan (BS).Materials and MethodsThis is a prospective study involving 902 women referred to our urogynecology clinics because of symptoms of lower urinary tract dysfunction. Women were selected if they met all of the following conditions: (1) A main complaint of stress urinary incontinence; (2) A diagnosis of urodynamic stress incontinence; and (3) No previous pelvic surgery, advanced pelvic prolapse or neurological deficit. One hundred and seven women met all criteria and formed the basis for this study. All women in the study group underwent three‐part urodynamic testing including uroflowmetry, filling (provocative) and voiding cystometry. After uroflowmetry they were scanned by a BS, and then catheterized for PVR volume before the procedure of cystometry.ResultsThe mean PVR volume was 62.8 ml by BS and 38.5 ml by catheterization. 35.5% women had PVR urine higher than 50 ml and 15.9% had PVR urine greater than 100 ml. The PVR volume obtained by BS correlated significantly with catheterized volume (r = 0.625, P = 0.001) and offered a sensitivity of 64.7% and a specificity of 94.3% in detecting PVR greater than 100. The mean maximum flow rate was 22.1 ml/sec and mean detrusor contraction pressure during voiding was 21 cm H2O.ConclusionsWomen in our study had low maximum flow rate (22.1 ml/sec), elevated PVR (38.5 ml) and high detrusor contraction pressure during voiding (21 cm H2O) indicating that women with stress incontinence have some degree of voiding dysfunction. The bladder behavior in women with stress incontinence may be more complex than we had previously considered and special care should be taken if a woman with elevated PVR is scheduled for anti‐incontinence surgery. BS appears to be reasonably sensitive and specific for the detection of elevated PVR and is reliable in clinical use. Neurourol. Urodynam. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coupling boundary elements to a raytracing procedure
Authors: Hampel S. , Langer S. , Cisilino A. P. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTypical outdoor sound propagation problems are governed by two principal phenomena: (i) diffraction in the vicinity of the noise source due to objects such as buildings or insulation barriers, and (ii) refraction at long distances from the source as a consequence of the effects of wind and temperature. The boundary element method (BEM) is well suited to account for the diffraction phenomena in the near field, while the raytracing method based on geometrical acoustics is more effective to deal with the refraction phenomena.In this paper, a new approach is presented which couples the direct BEM and a raytracing model in order to combine their advantages. Two alternative coupling procedures are developed, one is using a singular indirect BEM and the other is based on the method of fundamental solutions (MFS).The direct boundary element model is applied first for solving the near field and computing the sound pressure along an auxiliary interface which limits the near field extent. Then, a singular indirect BEM or MFS is used to find the intensities of a number of point sources which produce the same sound pressure on the interface to that resulting from the near‐field analysis. Finally, the point sources are the input data for the raytracing model of the far field.A 3D implementation of the proposed method is finally applied to an outdoor sound propagation problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular risks of atypical antipsychotic drug treatment
Authors: Drici Milou‐Daniel , Priori Silvia 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAtypical antipsychotics are the treatment of choice for patients with schizophrenia. They are generally better tolerated than conventional antipsychotics since most do not cause debilitating extrapyramidal symptoms. They are associated though with an array of cardiovascular adverse events that may affect morbid‐mortality of schizophrenic patients. Orthostatic hypotension, electrocardiographic changes and metabolic syndrome (MS) are the main cardiovascular effects of atypical antipsychotics. They contribute to the overall disease burden associated with schizophrenia even though the benefit risk of such treatments still is highly favourable.We aim to review the main cardiovascular side effects of new atypical oral antipsychotics, the pharmacological mechanisms involved, and to which drugs they are particularly attributed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The utility of the general practice research database to examine selected congenital heart defects: a validation study
Authors: Wurst K. E. , Ephross S. A. , Loehr J. , Clark D. W. , Guess H. A. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of this research was (1) to validate that ventricular septal defect (VSD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF), and coarctation of the aorta (COA) can be studied in the UK General practice research database (GPRD) and (2) to understand which of the available GPRD components (computerized medical records, questionnaires, and maternal/infant free text) provide maximal information about these heart defects.MethodsUsing a practitioner questionnaire, the positive predictive value (PPV) of the computerized medical record for VSD, TOF, and COA were determined. Both infant and maternal free text was examined. Concordance between the infant free text information and questionnaires was calculated. The proportion of infant information captured in the maternal free text was determined.ResultsA 93% response rate was achieved. Based on questionnaire responses, an overall PPV of 93.5% was achieved (VSD = 95%, TOF = 90%, COA = 100%). Approximately half of the records contained infant free text information including information on the type and size of VSD, echocardiogram findings, and surgery. Concordance between the infant's free text and questionnaire information occurred in most of the cases (92–100%). The proportion of infant information in the maternal free text was low (4–19%).ConclusionThe GPRD computerized medical records are sufficient to assess VSD, TOF, and COA. This study confirms that maternal free text provides a low yield of limited information pertaining to the infants' defect, while the infant free text may provide an additional information usually obtainable from practitioner questionnaires. The information provided by an infant free text may limit the need for practitioner questionnaire validation. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of film forming and hydrophobic properties of starches on surface sized packaging paper
Authors: Jonhed Anna , Andersson Caisa , Järnström Lars 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe effect on mechanical and barrier properties upon addition of glycerol to temperature‐responsive hydrophobically modified (HM) potato starch was studied on free films. The addition of glycerol lowered the glass transition temperature, the storage modulus, and the water vapor permeability (WVP) for the HM starch films. The HM starch phase separates upon cooling below an upper critical temperature into a solid and a liquid phase. Adding glycerol to the warm starch solution had an inhibiting effect on the particulate precipitation. Substrates surface sized with HM starch with various amounts of glycerol were investigated with respect to barrier properties; WVP, contact angle and Cobb values. Hydroxypropylated starch was used as a reference. Cobb values and WVP results on surface‐sized substrates indicated that the film formation properties of the starches were of great importance for the final surface properties. Good film formation properties were essential for the gas barrier and water resistance while they were less important for high contact angles. The WVP decreased as the glycerol content of the sizes increased, but no sufficient water vapor barrier could be obtained. The HM starches investigated in this work provided good oxygen barrier and the contact angles indicated a hydrophobic character of the surface. The role of the precipitate was investigated, and surface sizing with the precipitate gave low WVP and high contact angles despite its poor film‐forming properties under the experimental conditions. Cobb60 values were slightly improved for HM starch with increasing glycerol content over glycerol‐free sizing. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quality management and Juran's legacy
Authors: Bisgaard Soren 
Published: June 2007

AbstractQuality management provides the framework for the industrial application of statistical quality control, design of experiments, quality improvement and reliability methods. It is therefore helpful for quality engineers and statisticians to be familiar with basic quality management principles. In this article we discuss Dr Joseph M. Juran's important contributions to modern quality management concepts, principles and models. Many people have contributed to modern quality management. However, through his extensive writings covering more than six decades, Juran has managed to distill and synthesize the subject. He has provided us with a coherent framework and terminology and anticipated many of the principles that subsequently became incorporated under the Six Sigma umbrella. We briefly outline Juran's framework and discuss a number of key contributions he has made to the subject of managing for quality. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.