bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tackling Energy Loss in Organic Solar Cells via Volatile Solid Additive Strategy
Authors: Xiang Huimin , Sun Fengbo , Zheng Xufan , Gao Bowen , Zhu Panpan , Cong Tingting , Li Yuda , Wang Xunchang , Yang Renqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe energy loss induced open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficit hampers the rapid development of state‐of‐the‐art organic solar cells (OSCs), therefore, it is extremely urgent to explore effective strategies to address this issue. Herein, a new volatile solid additive 1,4‐bis(iodomethyl)cyclohexane (DIMCH) featured with concentrated electrostatic potential distribution is utilized to act as a morphology‐directing guest to reduce energy loss in multiple state‐of‐art blend system, leading to one of highest efficiency (18.8%) at the forefront of reported binary OSCs. Volatile DIMCH decreases radiative/non‐radiative recombination induced energy loss (ΔE2/ΔE3) by rationally balancing the crystallinity of donors and acceptors and realizing homogeneous network structure of crystal domain with reduced D–A phase separation during the film formation process and weakens energy disorder and trap density in OSCs. It is believed that this study brings not only a profound understanding of emerging volatile solid additives but also a new hope to further reduce energy loss and improve the performance of OSCs.
Cognitively healthy centenarians are genetically protected against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Tesi Niccolo’ , van der Lee Sven , Hulsman Marc , van Schoor Natasja M. , Huisman Martijn , Pijnenburg Yolande , van der Flier Wiesje M. , Reinders Marcel , Holstege Henne 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDAlzheimer's disease (AD) prevalence increases with age, yet a small fraction of the population reaches ages > 100 years without cognitive decline. We studied the genetic factors associated with such resilience against AD.METHODSGenome‐wide association studies identified 86 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with AD risk. We estimated SNP frequency in 2281 AD cases, 3165 age‐matched controls, and 346 cognitively healthy centenarians. We calculated a polygenic risk score (PRS) for each individual and investigated the functional properties of SNPs enriched/depleted in centenarians.RESULTSCognitively healthy centenarians were enriched with the protective alleles of the SNPs associated with AD risk. The protective effect concentrated on the alleles in/near ANKH, GRN, TMEM106B, SORT1, PLCG2, RIN3, and APOE genes. This translated to >5‐fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases (P = 7.69 × 10−71), and 2‐fold lower compared to age‐matched controls (P = 5.83 × 10−17).DISCUSSIONMaintaining cognitive health until extreme ages requires complex genetic protection against AD, which concentrates on the genes associated with the endolysosomal and immune systems.Highlights
Cognitively healthy cent enarians are enriched with the protective alleles of genetic variants associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).
The protective effect is concentrated on variants involved in the immune and endolysosomal systems.
Combining variants into a polygenic risk score (PRS) translated to > 5‐fold lower PRS in centenarians compared to AD cases, and ≈ 2‐fold lower compared to middle‐aged healthy controls.
Tailoring Zirconia Supported Intermetallic Platinum Alloy via Reactive Metal‐Support Interactions for High‐Performing Fuel Cells
Authors: Lin Zijie , Sathishkumar Nadaraj , Xia Yu , Li Shenzhou , Liu Xuan , Mao Jialun , Shi Hao , Lu Gang , Wang Tanyuan , Wang Hsing‐Lin , Huang Yunhui , Elbaz Lior , Li Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDeveloping efficient and anti‐corrosive oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is of great importance for the applications of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Herein, we report a novel approach to prepare metal oxides supported intermetallic Pt alloy nanoparticles (NPs) via the reactive metal‐support interaction (RMSI) as ORR catalysts, using Ni‐doped cubic ZrO2 (Ni/ZrO2) supported L10−PtNi NPs as a proof of concept. Benefiting from the Ni migration during RMSI, the oxygen vacancy concentrations in the support are increased, leading to an electron enrichment of Pt. The optimal L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2−RMSI catalyst achieves remarkably low mass activity (MA) loss (17.8 %) after 400,000 accelerated durability test cycles in a half‐cell and exceptional PEMFC performance (MA=0.76 A mgPt−1 at 0.9 V, peak power density=1.52/0.92 W cm−2 in H2−O2/−air, and 18.4 % MA decay after 30,000 cycles), representing the best reported Pt‐based ORR catalysts without carbon supports. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2−RMSI requires a lower energetic barrier for ORR than L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2 (direct loading), which is ascribed to a decreased Bader charge transfer between Pt and *OH, and the improved stability of L10−PtNi−Ni/ZrO2−RMSI compared to L10−PtNi−C can be contributed to the increased adhesion energy and Ni vacancy formation energy within the PtNi alloy.
Photoinduzierte Ruthenium‐katalysierte C−H Arylierungspolymerisation bei Raumtemperatur
Authors: Michiyuki Takuya , Maksso Isaac , Ackermann Lutz 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDie Übergangsmetall‐katalysierte C−H Arylierungspolymerisation (CHAP) ist eine attraktive Strategie, um π‐konjugierte Polymere auf nachhaltige Weise herzustellen. Die bekannten Methoden beruhen in erster Linie auf der Palladiumkatalyse, die in der Regel harsche Reaktionsbedingungen und Verzweigungen/Quervernetzungen mit sich bringen. Hier berichten wir über das erste Beispiel einer Ruthenium‐katalysierten C−H Arylierungspolymerisation bei Raumtemperatur, die durch Bestrahlung mit sichtbarem Licht induziert wird. Die vorliegende Polymerisation kann verschiedene meta‐ und para‐verknüpfte Polymere in hervorragenden Ausbeuten mit hohen zahlenmittleren molaren Massen herstellen. Das bemerkenswerte Merkmal unserer milden Reaktionsstrategie ist die hohe Chemoselektivität, die zu Polymeren führt, die unter herkömmlichen Reaktionsbedingungen bei hohen Temperaturen nicht zugänglich sind.
Efficient Ultraviolet Circularly Polarized Luminescence in Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Cerium Bromides
Authors: Li Chen , Wei Yi , Zhang Yan , Luo Zhishan , Liu Yulian , He Meiying , Quan Zewei 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltraviolet circularly polarized luminescence (UV‐CPL) with high photon energy shows great potential in polarized light sources and stereoselective photopolymerization. However, developing luminescent materials with high UV‐CPL performance remains challenging. Here, we report a pair of rare earth Ce3+‐based zero‐dimensional (0D) chiral hybrid metal halides (HMHs), R/S‐(C14H24N2)2CeBr7, which exhibits characteristic UV emissions derived from the Ce 5d–4f transition. The compounds show simultaneously high photoluminescent quantum yields of (32–39)% and large luminescent dissymmetry factor (|glum|) values of (1.3–1.5)×10−2. Thus, the figures of merits of R/S‐(C14H24N2)2CeBr7 are calculated to be (4.5–5.8)×10−3, which are superior to the reported UV‐CPL emissive materials. Additionally, nearly 91 % of their PL intensities at 300 K can be well preserved at 380 K (LED operating temperature) without phase transition or decomposition, demonstrating the excellent structural and optical thermal stabilities of R/S‐(C14H24N2)2CeBr7. Based on these enantiomers, the fabricated UV‐emitting CP‐LEDs exhibit high polarization degrees of ±1.0 %. Notably, the UV‐CPL generated from the devices can significantly trigger the enantioselective photopolymerization of diacetylene with remarkable stereoselectivity, and consequently yield polymerized products with the anisotropy factors of circular dichroism (gCD) up to ±3.9×10−2, outperforming other UV‐CPL materials and demonstrating their great potential as UV‐polarized light sources.
Isothermal Phase Transitions in Liquid Crystals Driven by Dynamic Covalent Chemistry
Authors: Martínez Daniel , Schlossarek Tim , Würthner Frank , Soberats Bartolome 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dynamic nature of calamitic liquid crystals is exploited to perform isothermal phase transitions driven by dynamic covalent chemistry. For this purpose, nematic (N) arrays based on aldehyde 1 were treated with different amines (A–E) in an on‐surface process, which resulted in different isothermal phase transitions. These phase transformations were caused by in situ imination reactions and are dependent on the nature of the added amine. Transitions from the N to crystal (1A, 1E), isotropic (1B), and smectic (Sm) (1C, 1D) phases were achieved, while the resulting materials feature thermotropic liquid crystal behavior. A sequential transformation from the N 1 to the Sm 1C and then to the N 1B was achieved by coupling an imination to a transimination processes and adjusting the temperature. All of these processes were well characterized by microscopic, spectroscopic, and X‐ray techniques, unlocking not only the constitutional but also the structural aspects of the phase transitions. This work provides new insights into designing constitutionally and structurally adaptable liquid crystal systems, paving the way toward the conception of programable evolutive pathways and adaptive materials.
Linkage Engineering in Covalent Organic Frameworks for Metal‐Free Electrocatalytic C2H4 Production from CO2
Authors: Xiao Yang , Lu Jie , Chen Kean , Cao Yuliang , Gong Chengtao , Ke Fu‐Sheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractElectrocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) to produce ethylene (C2H4) is conducive to sustainable development of energy and environment. At present, most electrocatalysts for C2H4 production are limited to the heavy metal copper, meanwhile, achieving metal‐free catalysis remains a challenge. Noted piperazine with sp3 N hybridization is beneficial to CO2 capture, but CO2RR performance and mechanism have been lacking. Herein, based on linkage engineering, we construct a novel high‐density sp3 N catalytic array via introducing piperazine into the crystalline and microporous aminal‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Thanks to its high sp3 N density, strong CO2 capture capacity and great hydrophilicity, aminal‐linked COF successfully achieves the conversion of CO2 to C2H4 with a Faraday efficiency up to 19.1 %, which is stand out in all reported metal‐free COF electrocatalysts. In addition, a series of imine‐linked COFs are synthesized and combined with DFT calculations to demonstrate the critical role of sp3 N in enhancing the kinetics of CO2RR. Therefore, this work reveals the extraordinary potential of linkage engineering in COFs to break through some catalytic bottlenecks.
Considerable Piezochromism in All‐Inorganic Zero‐Dimensional Perovskite Nanocrystals via Pressure‐Modulated Self‐Trapped Exciton Emission
Authors: Ma Zhiwei , Yang Songrui , Shi Yue , Fu Yuan , Wang Kai , Xiao Guanjun , Zou Bo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPiezochromic materials refer to a class of matters that alter their photoluminescence (PL) colors in response to the external stimuli, which exhibit promising smart applications in anti‐counterfeiting, optoelectronic memory and pressure‐sensing. However, so far, most reported piezochromic materials have been confined to organic materials or hybrid materials containing organic moieties with limited piezochromic range of less than 100 nm in visible region. Here, we achieved an intriguing piezochromism in all‐inorganic zero‐dimensional (0D) Cs3Cu2Cl5 nanocrystals (NCs) with a considerable piezochromic range of 232 nm because of their unique inorganic rigid structure. The PL energy shifted from the lowest‐energy red fluorescence (1.85 eV) to the highest‐energy blue fluorescence (2.83 eV), covering almost the entire visible wavelength range. Pressure‐modulated self‐trapped exciton emission between different energy levels of self‐trapped states within Cs3Cu2Cl5 NCs was the main reason for this piezochromism property. Note that the quenched emission, which is over five times more intense than that in the initial state, is retained under ambient conditions upon decompression. This work provides a promising pressure indicating material, particularly used in pressure stability monitoring for equipment working at extreme environments.
Discovery of (±)‐Penindolenes Reveals an Unusual Indole Ring Cleavage Pathway Catalyzed by P450 Monooxygenase
Authors: Meng Ling‐Hong , Awakawa Takayoshi , Li Xiao‐Ming , Quan Zhiyang , Yang Sui‐Qun , Wang Bin‐Gui , Abe Ikuro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract(±)‐Penindolenes A−D (1–4), the first representatives of indole terpenoids featuring a γ‐lactam skeleton, were isolated from the mangrove‐derived endophytic fungus Penicillium brocae MA‐231. Our bioactivity tests revealed their potent antimicrobial and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities. The biosynthetic reactions by the five enzymes PbaABCDE leading to γ‐lactam ring formation were identified with heterologous expression and in vitro enzymatic assays. Remarkably, the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase PbaB and its homolog in Aspergillus oryzae catalyzed the 2,3‐cleavage of the indole ring to generate two keto groups in 1. This is the first example of the oxidative cleavage of indole by a P450 monooxygenase. In addition, rare secondary amide bond formation by the glutamine synthetase‐like enzyme PbaD was reported. These findings will contribute to the engineered biosynthesis of unnatural, bioactive indole terpenoids.
A novel hydroxyl‐rich polyvinyl alcohol hot‐melt adhesive with excellent ultra‐low temperature adhesion and reusability
Authors: Li Shiwen , Zhang Heng , Liu Ziming , Cheng Jian , Li Huayi , Yan Chao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEthylene‐vinyl acetate (EVA) hot‐melt adhesives featured good thermal stability, strong weather resistance and fast bonding speed, are of great concern to the industry and engineering fields. However, the weak bond strength and poor reusability severely hinder their application under harsh conditions. Herein, the hydrolyzed EVA (EVOH) copolymers with rich hydroxyl groups are fabricated by an EVA hydrolysis reaction, and their mechanical properties, environmental adaptability, and reusability were systematically evaluated. As a result, the shear strengths measured by bonding the stainless steel plates can reach up to 16.4 MPa at room temperature (25°C) and 13.1 MPa at ultra‐low temperature (−196°C), indicating the good bonding performance of EVOH. Besides, owing to the excellent dynamic reversibility and thermal stability, it can obtain 92% of shear strength retention rate after 10 reuses, which is the highest value reported so far. In addition, the hydroxyl‐rich EVOH delivers good solvent and corrosion resistance that can be widely used for bonding various materials. Therefore, this research provide new lightspots for developing environmentally friendly hot‐melt adhesives with excellent bonding properties, corrosion resistance, and reusability.
Robust stability and stabilization of continuous‐discrete fractional‐order 2D Fornasini–Marchesini second model with interval uncertainties
Authors: Zhu Zhen , Lu Jun‐Guo 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper investigates the robust stability and stabilization problems of continuous‐discrete fractional‐order two‐dimensional Fornasini–Marchesini second model with interval uncertainties. Firstly, for the nominal model with fractional‐order
, the unified LMI‐based stability conditions are presented by general description of stable root‐clustering sets. Secondly, these stability conditions are transformed to be more tractable for stabilization, and the LMI/BMI‐based stabilization conditions are established via state feedback controllers. Meanwhile, one algorithm is proposed to solve the BMI‐based conditions. Thirdly, facing interval uncertainties in this model, the LMI‐based robust stability conditions and LMI/BMI‐based robust stabilization conditions are established. Lastly, two examples are given to show the validity of our robust stability and stabilization results.
Heating of millisecond pulsars by magnetic field decay
Authors: Geppert U. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMillisecond pulsars (MSPs) are believed to be very old neutron stars (NSs) whose age may exceed significantly years. Although cooling scenarios of isolated NSs predict for that age a surface temperature K, observations of the nearest MSP J0437‐4715 indicate well above that value. Besides the heating of the polar cap surface by backflowing charged particles, Joule heating in the crust can contribute to the overall heat budget of MSPs. Because the dipolar field component, derived from and measurements, is much too weak for remarkable heating, smaller‐scale structures should be analyzed to understand whether they can supply the demanded heat. For this purpose, we study the small‐scale field structure of radio pulsars. Magnetic field components, significantly stronger than the dipolar one, may exist especially at the surface of MSPs. We assign upper limits to the strength of single‐field components up to a multipolarity of and the corresponding deviations from axial symmetry . Arguments are provided that the decay of the small‐scale components with or of the crustal magnetic field may cause the relatively high surface temperature of isolated MSPs.
Novel Li‐Ion Battery Diagnostics; Detection of Redox Peaks Utilising Plasmonic Fibre Optic Sensors and Evaluation of Interference on Cell Function
Authors: Gardner Christopher , Langhammer Elin , Marsic Vlad , Fleming Joe , Roberts Alexander J. , Amietszajew Tazdin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study we demonstrate detection of redox peaks in Li‐ion pouch cells during cyclic voltammetry (CV), via the optical signal of plasmonic based fibre optic sensors placed inside Li‐ion pouch cells. The sensors are placed inside the pouch cells during manufacture, allowing diagnostic data to be obtained from directly inside the cells in real time. We further present data showing the battery cell remains agnostic to the presence of fibre optic sensors over repeated cycling through analysis of the formation cycles, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, coulombic efficiency data, capacity data and post‐mortem materials analysis. This study provides evidence of the utility of fibre optic based diagnostic sensors, and in particular the novel use of plasmonic based fibre optic sensors, as an in situ battery diagnostic technique and potential research tool to investigate battery cell phenomena.
Optimal Management for Primary High Grade Ta Bladder Cancer: Role of re‐staging TURBT and Intravesical Adjuvant Therapy
Authors: Ajami Tarek , Han Sunwoo , Blachman‐Braun Ruben , Hougen Helen Y. , Avda Yuval , Gonzalgo Mark L. , Nahar Bruno , Punnen Sanoj , Parekh Dipen J. , Reis Isildinha M. , Ritch Chad R. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the impact of risk group classification, restaging transurethral resection (re‐TURBT), and adjuvant treatment intensity on recurrence and progression risks in high‐grade Ta tumours in patients with non‐muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).Materials and methodsData from a comprehensive bladder cancer database were utilized for this study. Patients with primary high‐grade Ta tumours were included. Risk groups were classified according to AUA/SUO criteria. Tumour characteristics and patient demographics were analysed using descriptive statistics. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to assess the effect of re‐TURBT and other clinical/treatment‐related predictors on recurrence‐ and progression‐free survivals. The survivals by selected predictors were estimated using Kaplan–Meier method, and groups were compared by the log‐rank test.ResultsAmong 218 patients with high‐grade Ta bladder cancer, those who underwent re‐TURBT had significantly better 5‐year recurrence‐free survival (71.1% vs. 26.8%, p = 0.0009) and progression‐free survival (98.6% vs. 73%, p = 0.0018) compared with those with initial TURBT alone. Full BCG treatment (induction and maintenance) showed lower recurrence risk, especially in high‐risk patients. However, residual disease at re‐TURBT did not significantly affect recurrence risk.ConclusionsThis study highlights the significance of risk group classification, the role of re‐TURBT, and the intensity of adjuvant treatment in the management of high‐grade Ta tumours. A risk‐adapted model is crucial to reduce the burden of unnecessary intravesical treatment and endoscopic procedures.
A descriptive assessment of trial‐based functional analysis research
Authors: Amador Jessica L. , DeBar Ruth M. , Deshais Meghan A. , Gardner Andrew W. , Sidener Tina M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSince its inception, modifications to experimental functional analyses have been conducted to improve contextual fit. One variation, a trial‐based functional analysis (TBFA), naturally embeds conditions within the environment, has been used across diverse participants (e.g., neurotypical development, autism spectrum disorder [ASD], etc.) and settings. Although interest in TBFA has grown, few TBFA literature reviews have been conducted. Detailed participant characteristics, reliability measures across dependent and independent variables, social validity, and details of function‐based interventions have yet to be reported. Therefore, the purpose of the literature review was to replicate and extend past TBFA reviews by assessing publication characteristics (e.g., authors, year), participant characteristics, procedures (e.g., number of trials), validation across comparison FAs, function‐based interventions, reliability (interobserver agreement [IOA] and procedural integrity) measures, social validity, and intervention details (type. Implementer, setting, and outcomes. We identified 32 articles across 88 participants. Strengths of TBFA research include usability across a range of problem behaviors in natural settings (i.e., in classrooms or in homes) by teachers and direct service providers, IOA, and the inclusion of effective function‐based interventions. Most research included preschoolers with ASD and other disabilities. Limitations and areas for future research are discussed.
How to get away with (sexual) murder? Unraveling cold cases in sexual homicide using a hybrid modeling probabilistic approach
Authors: Chopin Julien , Beauregard Eric 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis study examines Sexual Homicide (SH) cases, analyzing the transition to cold cases through a non‐discretionary lens. Utilizing the SH International Database, it explores the interplay between offender behavior, victim characteristics, and crime context. Advanced methodologies, including sequential logistic regression and Artificial Neural Networks, identify key predictors of case resolution. Results highlight the critical influence of victim intoxication, high‐risk activities, and the location of the victim's body on case solvability. The study also reveals the significant role of offender forensic awareness and the complexity of crime scenes in hindering case resolution. These findings underline the multifaceted nature of SH cases, emphasizing the importance of understanding the nuanced interplay between victim, offender, and contextual factors in solving these challenging cases.