bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effects of Tween 20 addition on electrokinetic transport in a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel
Authors: Tabarhoseini Seyed Mojtaba , Bentor Joseph , Johnson Walter , Tzeng Tzuen‐Rong , Xuan Xiangchun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTween 20 is frequently added to particle suspensions for reducing the particle–wall adhesion and particle–particle aggregation in microfluidic devices. However, the influences of Tween 20 on the fluid and particle behaviors have been largely ignored. We present in this work the first experimental study of the effects of Tween 20 addition on the electrokinetic transport of fluids and particles in a polydimethylsiloxane microchannel. We find that adding 0.1% v/v Tween 20 to a buffer solution can significantly reduce the electroosmotic mobility as well as the electrokinetic and electrophoretic mobilities of polystyrene particles and yeast cells. Further increasing the Tween 20 concentration within the range typically used in microfluidic applications continues reducing these mobility values, but at a smaller rate. Our finding suggests that Tween 20 should be used with care in electrokinetic microdevices when the flow rate or particle/cell throughput is an important parameter.
Bipolar symptoms, somatic burden and functioning in older‐age bipolar disorder: A replication study from the global aging & geriatric experiments in bipolar disorder database (GAGE‐BD) project
Authors: Sajatovic Martha , Rej Soham , Almeida Osvaldo P. , Altinbas Kursat , Balanzá‐Martínez Vicent , Barbosa Izabela G. , Beunders Alexandra J. M. , Blumberg Hilary P. , Briggs Farren B. S. , Dols Annemiek , Forester Brent P. , Forlenza Orestes V. , Gildengers Ariel G. , Jimenez Esther , Klaus Federica , Lafer Beny , Mulsant Benoit , Mwangi Benson , Nunes Paula Villela , Olagunju Andrew T. , Oluwaniyi Stephen , Orhan Melis , Patrick Regan E. , Radua Joaquim , Rajji Tarek , Sarna Kaylee , Schouws Sigfried , Simhandl Christian , Sekhon Harmehr , Soares Jair C. , Sutherland Ashley N. , Teixeira Antonio L. , Tsai Shangying , Vidal‐Rubio Sonia , Vieta Eduard , Yala Joy , Eyler Lisa T. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe Global Aging & Geriatric Experiments in Bipolar Disorder Database (GAGE‐BD) project pools archival datasets on older age bipolar disorder (OABD). An initial Wave 1 (W1; n = 1369) analysis found both manic and depressive symptoms reduced among older patients. To replicate this finding, we gathered an independent Wave 2 (W2; n = 1232, mean ± standard deviation age 47.2 ± 13.5, 65% women, 49% aged over 50) dataset.Design/MethodsUsing mixed models with random effects for cohort, we examined associations between BD symptoms, somatic burden and age and the contribution of these to functioning in W2 and the combined W1 + W2 sample (n = 2601).ResultsCompared to W1, the W2 sample was younger (p < 0.001), less educated (p < 0.001), more symptomatic (p < 0.001), lower functioning (p < 0.001) and had fewer somatic conditions (p < 0.001). In the full W2, older individuals had reduced manic symptom severity, but age was not associated with depression severity. Age was not associated with functioning in W2. More severe BD symptoms (mania p ≤ 0.001, depression p ≤ 0.001) were associated with worse functioning. Older age was significantly associated with higher somatic burden in the W2 and the W1 + W2 samples, but this burden was not associated with poorer functioning.ConclusionsIn a large, independent sample, older age was associated with less severe mania and more somatic burden (consistent with previous findings), but there was no association of depression with age (different from previous findings). Similar to previous findings, worse BD symptom severity was associated with worse functioning, emphasizing the need for symptom relief in OABD to promote better functioning.
Parental leave and family building experiences among head and neck surgeons in the United States: Career impact and opportunities for improvement
Authors: McMullen Caitlin , Kejner Alexandra , Nicolli Elizabeth , Abouyared Marianne , Coblens Orly , Fedder Katie , Thakkar Punam , Patel Rusha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe availability of paid parental leave is an important factor for retention and wellness. The experiences of head and neck surgeons with parental leave have never been reported.MethodsA survey was electronically distributed to head and neck subspecialty surgeons in the United States. Responses were collected and analyzed.ResultsMale surgeons had more children and took significantly less parental leave than women. Thirty percent of respondents reported that parental leave negatively impacted compensation, and 14% reported a delay in promotion due to leave, which impacted women more than men. The vast majority reported they are happy or neutral about covering those on leave. Most respondents utilized paid childcare, and approximately one quarter of respondents spending 11%–20% of their income on childcare.ConclusionsThis study illuminates the current disparities regarding parental leave‐taking within the subspecialty of head and neck surgery in the United States. Women surgeons are more likely to be impacted professionally and financially.
Is telehealth useful in the management of placenta accreta spectrum in low‐resource settings? Results of an exploratory survey
Authors: Nieto‐Calvache Albaro José , Fox Karin A. , Jauniaux Eric , Maya Juliana , Stefanovic Vedran , Weizsäcker Katharina , van Beekhuizen Heleen , Adu‐Bredu Theophilus , Collins Sally , Siaulys Monica , Hussein Ahmed M. , Duvekot Johannes , Aryananda Rozi , Nieto‐Calvache Alejandro Solo , Pajkrt Eva , Rijken Marcus J. ,   International Society for PAS (IS‐PAS) LMIC Working Group
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThe optimal management of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) requires the participation of multidisciplinary teams that are often not locally available in low‐resource settings. Telehealth has been increasingly used to manage complex obstetric conditions. Few studies have explored the use of telehealth for PAS management, and we aimed evaluate the usage of telehealth in the management of PAS patients in low‐resource settings.MethodsBetween March and April 2023, an observational, survey‐based study was conducted, and obstetricians‐gynecologists with expertise in PAS management in low‐ and middle‐income countries were contacted to share their opinion on the potential use of telehealth for the diagnosis and management of patients at high‐risk of PAS at birth. Participants were identified based on their authorship of at least one published clinical study on PAS in the last 5 years and contacted by email. This is a secondary analysis of the results of that survey.ResultsFrom 158 authors contacted we obtained 65 responses from participants in 27 middle‐income countries. A third of the participants reported the use of telehealth during the management obstetric emergencies (38.5%, n = 25) and PAS (36.9%, n = 24). Over 70% of those surveyed indicated that they had used “informal” telemedicine (phone call, email, or text message) during PAS management. Fifty‐nine participants (90.8%) reported that recommendations given remotely by expert colleagues were useful for management of patients with PAS in their setting.ConclusionTelehealth has been successfully used for the management of PAS in middle‐income countries, and our survey indicates that it could support the development of specialist care in other low resource settings.
Nesfatin‐1 alleviates hyperoxia‐induced bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) via the nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) p65 signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Li , Zhuo Zhang , Chen Lijuan , Liu Jiao , Huang Jiang , Deng Jian , Lu Wei , Jiang Xian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease in newborns, which severely influences the health of infants and lacks effective clinical treatment strategies. The pathogenesis of BPD is correlated to enhanced inflammation and activated oxidative stress (OS). The application of antioxidants and anti‐inflammatory treatment could be hot spots for BPD treatment. Nesfatin‐1, a peptide with a suppressive property against inflammation, was tested herein for its potential therapeutic value in BPD. Neonatal SD rats were stimulated with hyperoxia, followed by being intraperitoneally administered with 20 μg/kg/day Nesfatin‐1 for 2 weeks. Decreased RAC value in lung tissues, increased wet weight/dry weight (W/D) pulmonary ratio and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) proteins, elevated cytokine release in BALF, increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and declined superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were observed in BPD rats, all of which were sharply mitigated by Nesfatin‐1. Rat epithelial type II cells (AECIIs) were handled with hyperoxia, and then cultured with 1 and 10 nM Nesfatin‐1. Reduced cell viability, elevated lactate dehydrogenase production, elevated cytokine secretion, elevated MDA content, and decreased SOD activity were observed in hyperoxia‐handled AECIIs, all of which were markedly alleviated by Nesfatin‐1. Furthermore, activated nuclear factor‐κB (NF‐κB) signaling observed in both BPD rats and hyperoxia‐handled AECIIs were notably repressed by Nesfatin‐1. Collectively, Nesfatin‐1 alleviated hyperoxia‐triggered BPD by repressing inflammation and OS via the NF‐κB signaling pathway.
Associations between gendered racism, racial identity, and nicotine use among Asian American men
Authors: Le Thomas P. , Iwamoto Derek K. , Ching Terence H. W. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe present study utilized an intersectional framework to examine if two forms of gendered racism, psychological emasculation and messages about Asian American men being undesirable partners, were associated with Asian American men's nicotine use. We also examined the potential mediating roles of two racial identity statuses, racial conformity and racial immersion.MethodsA sample of 356 Asian American men living in the United States of America (USA) completed a cross‐sectional survey via Qualtrics containing measures assessing the aforementioned constructs of interest. The primary analysis examined separate parallel mediation models, situating psychological emasculation and undesirable partner as separate independent variables, racial conformity and racial immersion as parallel mediators, nicotine use as the outcome, and age and employment as covariates.ResultsIn separate parallel mediation models, the links between psychological emasculation and undesirable partner on one hand, and nicotine use on the other, were completely mediated only by racial conformity, and not significantly mediated by racial immersion. Specifically, greater endorsement of gendered racism was associated with greater conformity with (and internalization of) these gendered racist beliefs, which in turn were associated with greater nicotine use.ConclusionResearchers and practitioners may consider racial conformity as an interventional target to ameliorate Asian American men's nicotine use. Future studies should continue to examine other culturally relevant and/or potentially protective constructs (e.g., on the basis of gender, race, and its intersection) that may mitigate Asian American men's nicotine use.
International students' perspectives on the genetic counseling application process
Authors: Galada Chelna , Blake Alise K. , Dean Lori Williamson , Rao Smita K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBetween 2018 and 2023, one percent of matched applicants to North American genetic counseling graduate programs (GCGPs) have been international applicants (IAs). The COVID‐19 pandemic led to changes in the GCGP application processes in 2020, most notably the incorporation of virtual interviews and GRE waivers, which uniquely impacted IAs. Twelve international genetic counseling (GC) students who matriculated into a U.S.‐based GCGP in 2021 or 2022 participated in this qualitative study (42% of the total enrolled) to understand their application experience. Cost, location of the program, and rapport during interviews were the most important factors identified by IAs to apply to and rank the GCGPs. Shadowing and volunteer experiences relevant to GC were cited as important for applicants to learn about a genetic counseling career, but many had challenges finding opportunities in their home countries. Unique logistical challenges in taking the GRE, transcript evaluation services, and standardized English proficiency tests were described. Although virtual interviews offered the same experience as domestic applicants, the time difference was a major challenge, requiring IAs to interview through the night, creating additional stressors. Nine of 12 were re‐applicants and shared that engaging with GCGPs early in the process was beneficial for improving applications and, at times, requesting waivers for transcript evaluation requirements and considering unique volunteering experiences. Participants suggested GCGPs can address barriers by providing more specific information on their websites as it pertains to IAs, and contact information for the international student office. Improving awareness of the applicants' backgrounds, home country experiences, and time zone differences would provide IAs with a more equitable application experience. Addressing these barriers could help promote diversity, equity, and inclusion allowing for more IAs and the growth of the genetic counseling profession.
Double Mannich reaction with ketones as a route to heterocyclic systems: A mini review
Authors: Afsah Elsayed M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDouble Mannich reaction with ketones is of continuing interest, particularly, in the synthesis of aza‐ and diaza‐heterocycles, alkaloids, and medicinally relevant compounds. The present review deals with the most important literature on the utility of double Mannich reaction in the synthesis and modification of heterocyclic systems.
Blended BA.5 infection within 8 days after a boosted bivalent mRNA vaccination strengthens and lengthens the host immunity
Authors: Huang Mingzhu , Cui Tingting , Liu Siyi , Su Xiaoling , Wang Yuan , Wang Junxiang , Zhong Jiaying , Cao Jinpeng , Mei Xinyue , Li Kaiyi , Luo Qi , Sun Xi , Cheng Li , Wei Rui , Zhao Zhuxiang , Wang Zhongfang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe impact of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection shortly after vaccination on vaccine‐induced immunity is unknown, which is also one of the concerns for some vaccinees during the pandemic. Here, based on a cohort of individuals who encountered BA.5 infection within 8 days after receiving the fourth dose of a bivalent mRNA vaccine, preceded by three doses of inactivated vaccines, we show that booster mRNA vaccination provided 48% protection efficacy against symptomatic infections. At Day 7 postvaccination, the level of neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) against WT and BA.5 strains in the uninfected group trended higher than those in the symptomatic infection group. Moreover, there were greater variations in Nabs levels and a significant decrease in virus‐specific CD4+ T cell response observed in the symptomatic infection group. However, symptomatic BA.5 infection significantly increased Nab levels against XBB.1.9.1 and BA.5 (symptomatic > asymptomatic > uninfected group) at Day 10 and resulted in a more gradual decrease in Nabs against BA.5 compared to the uninfected group at Day 90. Our data suggest that BA.5 infection might hinder the early generation of Nabs and the recall of the CD4+ T cell response but strengthens the Nab and virus‐specific T cell response in the later phase. Our data confirmed that infection can enhance host immunity regardless of the short interval between vaccination and infection and alleviate concerns about infections shortly after vaccination, which provides valuable guidance for developing future vaccine administration strategies.
Clinical characteristics and immunogenicity after Omicron breakthrough infection in patients with chronic hepatitis B infection: A longitudinal observational study
Authors: Zha Guanhua , Chen Zhiwei , Wu Na , Huang Tianquan , Deng Zhiling , Cai Dachuan , Peng Mingli , Hu Peng , Ren Hong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe clinical and immunological features after breakthrough infection (BTI) during Omicron wave in patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) are still unclear. A total of 101 patients with CHB from our previous coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) vaccination cohort (NCT05007665), were continued to be followed up at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University after BTI, while an additional 39 healthcare workers after BTI were recruited as healthy controls (HCs). Clinical data were collected using questionnaire survey and electronic medical record. Blood samples were used to determine the antibody responses, as well as B and T cell responses. After BTI, the clinical symptoms of COVID‐19 were mild to moderate in patients with CHB, with a median duration of 5 days. Compared with HCs, patients with CHB were more susceptible to develop moderate COVID‐19. The liver function was not significantly damaged, and HBV‐DNA was not activated in patients with CHB after BTI. Patients with CHB could elicit robust antibody responses after BTI (NAbs 13.0‐fold, BA.5 IgG: 24.2‐fold, respectively), which was also significantly higher than that in every period after vaccination (all p < 0.001), and compared to that in HCs after BTI. The CD4+, cTfh, and CD8+ T cell responses were also augmented in patients with CHB after BTI, while exhibiting comparability to those observed in HCs. In patients with CHB after BTI, the immune imprint was observed in B cell responses, rather than in T cell responses. In conclusion, Omicron breakthrough infection induced mild to moderate COVID‐19 symptoms in patients with CHB, without exacerbating the progress of liver diseases. Meanwhile, BTI demonstrated the ability to induce robust antibody and T cell responses in patients with CHB, which was comparable to those observed in HCs.
Climate change and La Niña increase the likelihood of the ‘7·20’ extraordinary typhoon‐rainstorm in Zhengzhou, China
Authors: Wang Wenyan , Yuan Xing 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOn 20 July, 2021, an extraordinary rainstorm occurred in Zhengzhou in Central‐North China, which caused hundreds of deaths and serious property damages, and affected 14 million people. The compound anomalous atmospheric circulations were found to be responsible for the occurrence of the extraordinary rainstorm in Zhengzhou, but the influence of large‐scale sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) and the contribution of climate change received less attention. This study conducts an attribution analysis based on atmospheric reanalysis and sea surface temperature (SST) observation data combined with Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) model simulation data. The results show that the return period for the extraordinary rainstorm was 250 years, which was caused by the interaction between the abnormally northerly shift of Western North Pacific Subtropical High (WNPSH) that was associated with the negative SSTA over the tropical central‐eastern Pacific (i.e., a moderate La Niña condition) and Typhoon In‐fa and Typhoon Cempaka. A persistent convergence was formed over Zhengzhou by transporting a large amount of water vapour to hinterland. The lagged response of La Niña affected WNPSH and the rainband in China. The attribution analysis shows that climate change due to anthropogenic forcings such as greenhouse gas emissions increased the risk of such a rainstorm event by 12% compared to the conditions under the natural forcings. Under the combined effects of anthropogenic forcings and La Niña, the risk of occurrence increased 47% compared to the effect of natural forcings only on similar precipitation events. This study suggests a synergistic effect of climate change and large‐scale tropical climate variability on compound extremes.
Multiscale association between large‐scale climate variability modes and drought in India via wavelet analysis
Authors: Sidhan Valiya Veetil , Singh Sarmistha 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExtreme events, such as droughts, are influenced by climate variability modes such as El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Atlantic Multi‐decadal oscillation (AMO) and Equatorial Indian Ocean Oscillation (EQUINOO). Due to the significant interdependency among the climatic indices at various frequencies, a time‐frequency framework is necessary to better understand the teleconnection. The present study evaluates the association between climate variability modes and drought index in India using different variants of wavelet analysis such as wavelet coherence analysis (WCA), partial wavelet coherence analysis (PWCA), multiple wavelet coherence analysis (MWCA) and wavelet reconstruction methods. In this study, four major climatic indices (ENSO, PDO, AMO, EQUINOO) and the drought index, standard precipitation index (SPI), at four different monthly time periods (1, 3, 6 and 12) are considered. The results from the WCA analysis highlight significant teleconnection spectra for ENSO, PDO and EQUINOO at 2–8, 8–16 and 16–32 year time‐frequency bands. Further, PWCA results reveal significant interdependency in the teleconnection of ENSO and PDO at all the scales, while ENSO and EQUINOO are found to be independent modes of interannual drought variability in India. Finally, MWCA results show that the combination of EQUINOO and ENSO better explains the interannual variability of droughts in Northwest and Central northeast India. The results of this study will help improve drought prediction and early warning systems in India, by selection of appropriate climatic oscillations for different regions in India.
The role of atmospheric rivers and associated circulation patterns in the Arctic warming in boreal winter
Authors: Gong Zhaohui , Zhong Linhao , Hua Lijuan , Feng Jinming 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAtmospheric rivers (ARs) serve a narrow, filamentary channels responsible for intense moisture and heat transport, which are vital for the Arctic sea ice loss and surface air warming, particularly in winter. In this study, ERA5 reanalysis data from 1979 to 2020 are used to investigate the evolution of ARs in the Arctic and the corresponding atmospheric circulation patterns in winter. Our findings indicate that atmospheric circulation is a key factor that facilitates the transport and dispersion of ARs. Cyclonic circulation anomalies provide the dynamical support for ARs in the early development stages, while anticyclonic anomalies are essential for maintaining the thermal and moisture conditions of ARs, particularly after their intrusions into the Arctic region. The cooperation between cyclonic and anticyclonic anomalies plays a critical role in the infiltration and dispersion of ARs, governed by distinct circulation modes for regional intrusions. A positive Arctic Oscillation‐like pattern manifests as a cyclonic system over the Arctic, increasing the likelihood of AR intrusion into Baffin Bay. Conversely, a negative pattern induces a more intense anticyclonic system over the Arctic, thereby raising the frequency of ARs in the Bering Strait. The Pacific‐North American pattern not only directly affects ARs entering the Arctic via the Pacific but also has downstream impacts on ARs intruding the Arctic through Baffin Bay.