bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Regulation by CO2 of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid conversion to ethylene in climacteric fruits
Authors: Cheverry J. L. , Sy M. O. , Pouliqueen J. , Marcellin P. 
Published: July 2007

Cheverry, J. L., Sy, M. O., Pouliquen, J. and Marcellin, P. 1988. Regulation by CO2 of 1‐aminocyclopropane‐1‐carboxylic acid conversion to ethylene in climateric fruits. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 535–540.A high CO2 concentration (20%) at 20°C rapidly and strongly inhibited the development of the climacteric ethylene burst in apple (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Granny Smith) and avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Fuerte) fruits and did not change 1‐aminocyclopropane‐l‐carboxylic acid (ACC) content. Treatment with 20% CO2 markedly decreased ACC‐dependent ethylene biosynthesis at 20°C in climacteric pericarp tissues. It is suggested, therefore, that high CO2 levels inhibit conversion of ACC to ethylene.Synthesis of the ethylene forming enzyme (EFE) was enhanced when intact preclimacteric apples or early climacteric avocados were pretreated for 40 h with 10 μ11‐1 ethylene. When CO2 (20%) and ethylene were both applied, a reduced stimulatory effect of ethylene on EFE synthesis was observed. A high CO2 concentration enhanced EFE acivity in excised tissues of apples and avocados incubated with ACC (2 mM) and cycloheximide (1 mM) or 2–5‐norbornadiene (5 ml 1‐1). In the autocatalytic process, 20% CO2 antagonized the stimulation of EFE synthesis by ethylene, but promoted EFE activity.
The stimulating effect of a cold, dark pretreatment on the etioplast/chloroplast transformation of angiosperms. I. The stimulating effect of cold predarkening on different stages of greening under white light
Authors: Schönbohm Ekkehard , Stute Ulrich , Thienhaus Peter , Werner Ulrike 
Published: July 2007

Schönbohm, E., Stute, U., Thienhaus, P. and Werner, U. 1988. The stimulating effect of a cold, dark pretreatment on the etioplast/chloroplast transformation of angiosperms I. The stimulating effect of cold predarkening on different stages of greening under white light. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 541–546.The etioplast/chloroplast transformation in angiosperms is controlled by light; most of the processes are mediated by phytochrome. We have shown that in the primary leaves of etiolated seedlings of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Kolibri), fire‐bean (Phaseolus multiflorus L. cv. Preisgewinner) and in the cotyledons of etiolated sun flower seedlings (Helianthus annuus L. cv. macrocarpa) the chlorophyll accumulation in the phase after the end of the lag phase can be greatly stimulated by a cold predarkening period. This effect is not necessarily coupled with a red preirradiation. Furthermore the lag phase can be dramatically shortened by the cold, dark pretreatment, whereas the amount of photoconvertible protochlorophyll(ide) in the darkness remains unaffected by the cold, dark pretreatment. The stimulating effect of a cold, predarkening period on greening is fully reversible by a warm, dark phase that is placed between the cold period and the onset of the continuous white light phase. These findings cannot be generalized: We could demonstrate that in the tropical plant Momordica charantia greening under white light was not affected by different temperature pretreatments during predarkening. The stimulating effect of a cold, predarkening period on greening is assumed to have ecological relevance.
Early wrong‐way response occurs in orthogravitropism of maize roots treated with lithium
Authors: Millet Bernard , Pickard Barbara G. 
Published: July 2007

Millet, B. and Pickard, B. G. 1988. Early wrong‐way response occurs in orthogravitropism of maize roots treated with lithium. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 555–559.Application of lithium ions to tips of roots of Zea mays L. cv. Silver Queen shifts the direction of initial orthogravitropic curvature from downward to upward. The production of this putatively incidental perturbation of orthogravitropic bending kinetics by a pharmacological agent might provide insight into both ortho‐ and plagiogravitro‐pism. Additionally, the protocol of the experiments bears on recent claims that mucilage external to the root cap plays an essential role in gravitropism. External mucilage was removed before roots were stimulated, yet they reached about 50 degrees gravitropic curvature in an hour.
Effects of drought on host and endophyte development in mycorrhizal soybeans in relation to water use and phosphate uptake
Authors: Bethlenfalvay Gabor J. , Brown Milford S. , Ames Robert N. , Thomas Richard S. 
Published: July 2007

Bethlenfalvay, G. J., Brown, M. S., Ames, R. N. and Thomas, R. S. 1988. Effects of drought on host and endophyte development in mycorrhizal soybeans in relation to water use and phosphate uptake. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 565–571.Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] plants were grown in pot cultures and inoculated with the vesicular‐arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus Glomus mosseae (Nicol. & Gerd.) Gerd. and Trappe or provided with P fertilizer (non‐VAM plants). After an initial growth period (21 days), plants were exposed to cycles of severe, moderate or no drought stress over a subsequent 28‐day period by rewatering at soil water potentials of ‐1.0, ‐0.3 or ‐0.05 MPa. Dry weights of VAM plants were greater at severe stress and smaller at no stress than those of non‐VAM plants. Phosphorus fertilization was applied to produce VAM and non‐VAM plants of the same size at moderate stress. Root and leaf P concentrations were higher in non‐VAM plants at all stress levels. All plants were stressed to permanent wilting prior to harvest. VAM plants had lower soil moisture content at harvest than non‐VAM plants. Colonization of roots by G. mosseae did not vary with stress, but the biomass and length of the extraradical mycelium was greater in severely stressed than in non‐stressed plants. Growth enhancement of VAM plants relative to P‐fertilized non‐VAM plants under severe stress was attributed to increased uptake of water as well as to more efficient P uptake. The ability of VAM plants to deplete soil water to a greater extent than non‐VAM plants suggests lower permanent wilting potentials for the former.
Short‐term responses of phloem transport to mechanical perturbation
Authors: Jaeger C. H. , Goeschl J. D. , Magnuson C. E. , Fares Y. , Strain B. R. 
Published: July 2007

Jaeger, C. H., Goeschl, J. D., Magnuson, C. E., Fares, Y. and Strain, B. R. 1988. Short‐term responses of phloem transport to mechanical perturbation. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 588–594.Phloem transport was monitored using a continuous stream of11CO2‐labelled air administered to one leaf while gamma detectors measured11C activity at intervals along the stem. The effect of gentle, non‐injurious mechanical perturbation on phloem transport was tested in cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL. cv. Stoneville 213). Mechanical stimuli such as shaking, localized vibration and gentle massage were applied while the plants were at isotope equilibrium. Localized phloem blockages were observed within 1–2 min of the stimuli. The blockages lasted from 6–55 min and full recovery of transport required 20–175 min. The effect of preconditioning to mechanical perturbation on phloem transport was tested in bush beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. cv. Cherokee Bush). Preconditioning of a bean seedling to gentle stem massage resulted in a shorter blockage response and quicker transport recovery period when the seedling was massaged during a11C tracer experiment compared to a control seedling. These results indicate that measurements of phloem transport on recently disturbed plants will probably show depressed phloem transport velocities. Measurements should be made after at least a 24‐h disturbance‐free recovery period.
Measurement of light within thin plant tissues with fiber optic microprobes
Authors: Vogelmann Thomas C. , Knapp Alan K. , McClean Therese M. , Smith William K. 
Published: July 2007

Vogelmann, T. C., Knapp, A. K., McClean, T. M. and Smith, W. K. 1988. Measurement of light within thin plant tissues with fiber optic microprobes. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 623–630.The measurement of light with fiber optic microprobes has been extended to thin (200–300 μm) plant tissue samples. To test the method, light measurements were made in thin aqueous films and paradermal sections from 10‐day‐old etiolatedCucurbita pepoL. cv. Fordhook cotyledons. The measurements obtained were highly reproducible. Paradermal sections of spongy mesophyll that were irradiated with collimated light scattered light more effectively than the palisade layer of intact cotyledons. These results demonstrate that different plant tissues have different light scattering characteristics. The successful extension of the fiber optic microprobe technique to thin systems makes it possible to examine the optical properties of different cell layers within leaves and other plant organs.
Metabolism and translocation of nitrogen in two Lolium perenne populations with contrasting rates of mature leaf respiration and yield
Authors: Barneix Atilio J. , Cooper H. David , Stulen Ineke , Lambers Hans 
Published: July 2007

Barneix, A. J., Cooper, H. D., Stulen, I. and Lambers, H. 1988. Metabolism and translocation of nitrogen in two Lolium perenne populations with contrasting rates of mature leaf respiration and yield. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 631–636.Several aspects of nitrogen metabolism and transport were investigated to determine whether these processes could account for the observed differences in the dark respiration rate of mature leaves between two populations of Lolium perenne L. cv. S23: GL72 ‐ a slow respiring, high growth rate line, and cv. GL66 ‐ a fast respiring, low growth rate line.No differences were found in total nitrogen or soluble protein concentrations between the populations, but GL72 showed a higher concentration of soluble amino acids, accounted for mainly by increases in the amounts of asparagine and glutamine. There were no differences in the glutamine synthetase (EC 6.3.1.2) or nitrate reductase (EC 1.6.6.1) activities between populations, but the fast respiring GL66 line showed higher glutamate dehydrogenase (EC 1.4.1.3) and peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7) activities than GL72. The protein turnover rate, determined from 3H disappearance from leaves labelled with [3H]‐acetic anhydride, appeared to be larger in GL66, but the difference was not significant and could not account for the differences in respiration rate.The apparent extent of 15N cycling between roots and shoots was low in Lolium compared to other grass species, and there were no differences between the two populations.It is concluded that the differences in dark respiration rate are not due to differences in demand for ATP by nitrogen assimilatory processes, but may be related to faster leaf senescence in the GL66 population.
A reassessment of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in higher plants
Authors: Sung Shi‐Jean S. , Xu Dian‐Peng , Galloway Cynthia M. , Black Clanton C. 
Published: July 2007

Sung, S.‐J. S., Xu, D.‐P., Galloway, C. M. and Black, C. C., Jr. 1988. A reassessment of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in higher plants. ‐ Physiol. Plant. 72: 650–654.Sucrose is the starting point of glycolysis and end point of gluconeogenesis in higher plants. During both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis alternative enzymes are present at various steps to carry out parallel pathways; alternatives are available for utilizing nucleotide triphosphates and pyrophosphate; fructose 2,6‐bisphosphate serves as a strong internal regulator; and plants use these cytoplasmic alternatives as they develop and as their environments change.
Photosynthetic light acclimation in fully developed leaves of the juvenile and adult life phases of Hedera helix
Authors: Bauer Helmut , Thöni Wolfgang 
Published: July 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the extent to which fully developed leaves of Hedera helix L. are capable of acclimating to new light conditions and how this ability is determined by the life phase of the plant. To this end juvenile and adult plants were transferred from a low (L) to a moderately high (H) light regime and vice versa and changes of photosynthetic gas exchange, RuBP carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.39) activity and specific anatomy were monitored in leaves that were fully developed prior to the transfer.Immediately after transfer from L to H there was a decrease in the rate of net photosynthesis (Fn). This photoinhibition was particularly pronounced in leaves of the adult life phase. Fn recovered after 10 to 20 days at H, and 40 to 65 days after transfer the rate exceeded that of control plants by about 20% in leaves of the adult life phase and by about 50% in leaves of the juvenile life phase. If H plants were transferred to L, Fn had declined only slightly after 30 to 40 days and regained its initial level within a few days, when the plants were returned to the original high light regime.The increased rates of Fn per unit leaf area in leaves transferred from L to H were associated with higher light levels necessary to saturate Fn, higher carboxylation efficiencies, higher contents of soluble protein and higher activities of RuBP carboxylase, whereas the quantum yield did not change. Although fully differentiated before transfer, the leaves had formed a further cell layer in the palisade parenchyma. Related to leaf volume there was no increase in Fn.Our results indicate that in the adult life phase of ivy phenotypie light acclimation occurs mainly during leaf development, whereas in juvenile plants fully expanded leaves still possess a rather wide modulativc acclimation plasticity.
Long‐term follow‐up for reconstruction of strictures of the fossa navicularis with a single technique
Authors: Virasoro Ramón , Eltahawy Ehab A. , Jordan Gerald H. 
Published: July 2007

In a paper from the USA the authors describe their experience with the ventral transverse skin island flap elevated on a dartos fascia flap for reconstructing strictures of the fossa navicularis. They found it to be effective, with good functional and aesthetic results.OBJECTIVETo retrospectively review our experience with the ventral transverse skin island elevated on a dartos fascia flap.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn all, 45 patients were consecutively operated by the senior author using this technique from March 1987 to January 2006. The files of 35 patients were assessed for the study. Success was defined as a patent urethral calibre of ≥16 F that did not require further procedures. Follow‐up consisted of, endoscopy with calibration, office visits, and telephone calls. This procedure was described in 1987 by Jordan. The overall outcome as well as indications after the follow‐up period are presented.RESULTSThe overall success rate was 83% with a mean long‐term follow‐up of 10.2 years. All of the patients with a non‐lichen sclerosus (LS)/balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO) diagnosis had excellent results (23/23) with a mean follow‐up of 10.2 years. LS/BXO recurred at the fossa or meatus in six of 12 patients. Seventeen patients (48%) were lost to follow‐up, and three patients (9%) died from other causes.CONCLUSIONSThe ventral transverse penile skin island flap has proven to be effective, reliable, reproducible, and with good functional and aesthetic results in all fossa navicularis strictures with the exception of those strictures resulting from LS/BXO.
Family Structure Pathways and Academic Disadvantage among Adolescents in Stepfamilies*
Authors: Tillman Kathryn Harker 
Published: July 2007

Using National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) data, this research documents the prevalence of the different stepfamily forms in which American adolescents live, examines the family structure pathways through which adolescents traveled to arrive at their current family form, and explores the effects of these pathways on grades, school‐related behavior, and college expectations (N = 13,988). Compared to those who have always lived with both biological parents, youth in pathways including divorce/separation or a nonunion birth experience significantly lower academic outcomes, while those whose pathways include parental death do not. Specific effects vary, however, according to the outcome examined. For example, the combination of divorce/separation and movement into the least common of family forms is associated with particularly poor GPA outcomes. Divorce/separation is also more detrimental than nonunion birth for college expectations, particularly when coupled with a transition into a stepfamily based on cohabitation. Divorce/separation and nonunion birth have similar, negative effects on school behavior problems. Overall, results indicate that living in a stepfamily does not benefit youth, and can in some ways disadvantage them, even compared to their peers in single‐mother families. This is especially the case if youth transition into a stepfamily following a combination of stressful family experiences. These findings underscore the importance of examining family effects from a longitudinal perspective.
Diagnosis and Localization of Accessory Pathways
Authors: CAIN MICHAEL E. , LUKE ROBERT A. , LINDSAY BRUCE D. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe WPW syndrome is a curable disease. The evolution of nonpharmacological methods of accessory pathway ablation has had a significant impact on management strategies in patients with arrhythmias mediated by accessory pathways. Despite an incidence of preexcitation in the general population of 0.1% to 0.3%, curative therapy is underutilized. This review has highlighted the traditional and newer methods of diagnosing and localizing accessory pathways. The number of patients benefiting from definitive therapy will parallel increased physician awareness of these methods.
Occludin is overexpressed in Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia
Authors: Romanitan Mihaela Oana , Popescu Bogdan O. , Winblad Bengt , Bajenaru Ovidiu Alexandru , Bogdanovic Nenad 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe tight junctions (TJs) are key players in the control of blood‐brain barrier (BBB) properties, the most complex TJs in the vascular system being found in the endothelial cells of brain capillaries. One of the main TJs proteins is occludin, which anchors plasma membranes of neighbour cells and is present in large amounts in the brain endothelia. Previous studies demonstrated that disruption of BBB in various pathological situations associates with changes in occludin expression, and this change could be responsible for malfunction of BBB. Therefore in this study, applying an immunohistochemical approach, we decided to explore the occludin expression in frontal cortex (FC) and basal ganglia in ageing control, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VD) brains, as far as all these pathologies associate microangiopathy and disruption of BBB. Strikingly, we found selected neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes expressing occludin, in all cases studied. To estimate the number of occludin‐expressing neurons, we applied a stereological approach with random systematic sampling and the unbiased optical fractionator method. We report here a significant increase in ratio of occludin‐expressing neurons in FC and basal ganglia regions in both AD and VD as compared to ageing controls. Within the cerebral cortex, occludin was selectively expressed by pyramidal neurons, which are the ones responsible for cognitive processes and affected by AD pathology. Our findings could be important in unravelling new pathogenic pathways in dementia disorders and new functions of occludin and TJs.
Alzheimer's Disease: cholesterol, membrane rafts, isoprenoids and statins
Authors: Reid Patrick C. , Urano Yasuomi , Kodama Tatsuhiko , Hamakubo Takao 
Published: July 2007

Introduction
Conclusions

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder and the most prevalent form of dementia worldwide. AD is characterized pathologically by amyloid‐β plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and neuronal loss, and clinically by a progressive loss of cognitive abilities. At present, the fundamental molecular mechanisms underlying the disease are unclear and no treatment for AD is known. Epidemiological evidence continues to mount linking vascular diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia with an increased risk for developing AD. A growing amount of evidence suggests a mechanistic link between cholesterol metabolism in the brain and the formation of amyloid plaques in AD development. Cholesterol and statins clearly modulate β‐amyloid precursor protein (βAPP) processing in cell culture and animal models. Statins not only reduce endogenous cholesterol synthesis but also exert other various pleiotrophic effects, such as the reduction in protein isoprenylation. Through these effects statins modulate a variety of cellular functions involving both cholesterol (and membrane rafts) and isoprenylation. Although clearly other factors, such as vascular inflammation, oxidative stress and genetic factors, are intimately linked with the progression of AD, this review focuses on the present research findings describing the effect of cholesterol, membrane rafts and isoprenylation in regulating βAPP processing and in particular γ‐secretase complex assembly and function and AD progression, along with consideration for the potential role statins may play in modulating these events.
Primary desminopathies
Authors: Schröder Rolf , Vrabie Alexandra , Goebel Hans H. 
Published: July 2007

Introduction
Desmin is an essential component of the extrasarcomeric cytoskeleton in striated muscle cells
Distal myopathy,cardiac arrhythmias,cardiomyopathy:classical criteria of primary desminopathies
Sub‐sarcolemmal and cytoplasmic desmin‐positive protein aggregates:the morphological hallmark of primary and secondary desminopathies
The spectrum of pathogenic desmin gene mutations
The molecular pathogenesis of primary desminopathies: some answers gained,but even more questions raised
Diagnostic work‐up to distinguish primary from secondary desminopathies
Treatment and clinical management of primary desminopathy patients

AbstractMutations of the human desmin gene on chromosome 2q35 cause a familial or sporadic form of skeletal myopathy frequently associated with cardiac abnormalities. Skeletal and cardiac muscle from patients with primary desminopathies characteristically display cytoplasmic accumulation of desmin‐immunoreactive material and myofibrillar changes. However, desmin‐positive protein aggregates in conjunction with myofibrillar abnormalities are also the morphological hallmark of the large group of secondary desminopathies (synonyms: myofibrillar myopathies, desmin‐related myopathies), which comprise sporadic and familial neuromuscular conditions of considerable clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Here, we will give an overview on the functional role of desmin in striated muscle as well as the main clinical, myopathological, genetic and patho‐physiological aspects of primary desminopathies. Furthermore, we will discuss recent genetic and biochemical advances in distinguishing primary from secondary desminopathies.