bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recent invasion of the tropical Atlantic by an Indo‐Pacific coral reef fish
Authors: ROCHA LUIZ A. , ROBERTSON D. ROSS , ROCHA CLAUDIA R. , VAN TASSELL JAMES L. , CRAIG MATTHEW T. , BOWEN BRIAN W. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe last tropical connection between Atlantic and Indian–Pacific habitats closed c. 2 million years ago (Ma), with the onset of cold‐water upwelling off southwestern Africa. Yet comparative morphology indicates more recent connections in several taxa, including reef‐associated gobies (genus Gnatholepis). Coalescence and phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA cytochrome b sequences demonstrate that Gnatholepis invaded the Atlantic during an interglacial period ∼145 000 years ago (d = 0.0054), colonizing from the Indian Ocean to the western Atlantic, and subsequently to the central (∼100 000 years ago) and eastern Atlantic (∼30 000 years ago). Census data show a contemporary range expansion in the northeastern Atlantic linked to global warming.
Subterranean phylogeography of freshwater crayfishes shows extensive gene flow and surprisingly large population sizes
Authors: BUHAY JENNIFER E. , CRANDALL KEITH A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSubterranean animals are currently viewed as highly imperiled, precariously avoiding extinction in an extreme environment of darkness. This assumption is based on a hypothesis that the reduction in visual systems and morphology common in cave faunas reflects a genetic inability to adapt and persist coupled with the perception of a habitat that is limited, disconnected, and fragile. Accordingly, 95% of cave fauna in the United States are presumed endangered due to surface environmental degradation and limited geographic distributions. Our study explores the subterranean phylogeography of stygobitic crayfishes in the southeastern United States, a global hotspot of groundwater biodiversity, using extensive geographic sampling and molecular data. Despite their endangered status, our results show that subterranean crayfish species have attained moderate to high levels of genetic diversity over their evolutionary histories with large population sizes and extensive gene flow among karst systems. We then compare the subterranean population histories to those of common surface stream‐dwelling crayfishes. Our results show recent drastic declines in genetic variability in the surface crayfish and suggest that these species also warrant conservation attention.
Factors associated with granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐induced peripheral blood stem cell yield in healthy donors
Authors: Suzuya H. , Watanabe T. , Nakagawa R. , Watanabe H. , Okamoto Y. , Onishi T. , Abe T. , Kawano Y. , Kagami S. , Takaue Y. 
Published: October 2005

Background and Objectives  Poor collection results are a clinical problem in granulocyte‐colony stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐induced peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) collection in healthy donors. It would be beneficial to be able to predict the PBSC yield from allogeneic donors before mobilization or harvesting.Materials and Methods  We examined the relationship between certain donor characteristics and the effectiveness of G‐CSF‐induced PBSC collection in 59 healthy family donors aged 3–63 years old (median 16 years). G‐CSF was administered subcutaneously at 10 µg/kg for mobilization, daily for 5 days, and PBSC harvest using a continuous blood cell separator was started on day 5 of G‐CSF treatment. Total cell yields were calculated as the number per unit of processed blood (l) per unit weight of the donor (kg).Results  In a univariate analysis, the donor's age, body mass index (BMI), white blood cell (WBC) count before mobilization, and platelet count before and during mobilization were significantly correlated with the yield of mononuclear cells (MNC), CD34+ cells and granulocyte–macrophage colony‐forming units (GM‐CFU). Younger age (P < 0·001), a low BMI (P = 0·002), a high WBC count before mobilization (P = 0·004), a high platelet count before (P = 0·012) and during (P < 0·05) mobilization, and a low speed of withdrawal (P = 0·019) were associated with a higher CD34+ cell yield. No significant correlation was found for gender, the type of G‐CSF, the serum level of G‐CSF, the type of cell separator, or the type of blood access. A multivariate forward and backward stepwise selection regression analysis showed that the factors associated with CD34+ cell yield were age, platelet count before and during mobilization, and circulating CD34+ cell concentration on day 2 of G‐CSF treatment.Conclusion  In this small preliminary study, we found that donor age is the most important factor in predicting G‐CSF‐induced PBSC yields. Old age and low platelet counts before mobilization might be useful indicators for identifying poor mobilizers. Further validation of these findings in a larger number of donors are needed to establish whether these findings apply to other populations.
In‐vitro evaluation of the PALL Leukotrap Affinity Prion Reduction Filter as a secondary device following primary leucoreduction
Authors: Saunders C. , Herbert P. , Rowe G. , Hayward M. , Wilkins K. , Milligan J. , Stenning M. , Seacombe A. , Prowse C. 
Published: October 2005

Background and Objectives  A filter (PRF1) designed to remove abnormal prion proteins from red‐cell units has been developed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of red cells produced using this device.Materials and Methods  Leucocyte‐depleted red‐cell units (CPD, CPD‐A1 and CPD/SAGM) processed according to standard UK practices were filtered using PRF1. Filtered and control units were stored and sampled on day 1, day 7 and on the date of expiry and were tested using standard measures of red‐cell quality.Results  Filtered units were found to have significantly higher percentage haemolysis levels, lower haemoglobin levels and a smaller volume compared with controls. All results, however, were well within the permitted 0·8% haemolysis level at the end of storage and all units met the UK guidelines for haemoglobin and volume. The other test parameters measured showed no significant differences between the test and control units.Conclusions  The PRF1 filter was found to be easy to use and resulted in red‐cell units that met all relevant UK and European Guidelines.
Comparative study of diagnostic value of cytologic sampling by endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration and that by endoscopic retrograde pancreatography for the management of pancreatic mass without biliary stricture
Authors: WAKATSUKI TAKERU , IRISAWA ATSUSHI , BHUTANI MANOOP S , HIKICHI TAKUTO , SHIBUKAWA GORO , TAKAGI TADAYUKI , YAMAMOTO GO , TAKAHASHI YUTA , YAMADA YUKIE , WATANABE KAZUO , OBARA KATSUTOSHI , SUZUKI TOSHIMITSU , SATO YUKIO 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground:  Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (EUS‐FNA) can now provide a cytopathological diagnosis of underlying pancreatic malignancy with higher success rates than endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP). To determine the significance of EUS‐FNA for the diagnosis of pancreatic mass without biliary stricture, the value of cytopathological diagnosis obtained by EUS‐FNA was retrospectively compared with that by ERP, and the complications associated with these procedures evaluated.Methods:  Eighty‐three patients who were suspected to have a pancreatic mass (excluding a cystic mass), without biliary stricture on conventional ultrasound and/or computed tomography were enrolled. The EUS‐FNA biopsy was performed in 53 patients and cytology utilizing ERP was performed in 30 patients.Results:  The sampling rate of adequate specimen was 100% in both groups. In the EUS‐FNA group, the overall results for the available samples were sensitivity 92.9% and accuracy 94.3%. In contrast, in the ERCP group, the overall results were sensitivity 33.3% and accuracy 46.7%. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.01). With regard to complications, there was a significant difference (P < 0.01) in the frequency of post‐procedure pancreatitis between the EUS‐FNA group and ERP group (0%, 0/53 vs 33.3%, 10/30, respectively).Conclusion:  Endoscopic ultrasonography‐guided fine‐needle aspiration is safer and more accurate for the cytopathological diagnosis of suspected pancreatic masses without a biliary stricture as compared with cytology during ERP. Endoscopic ultrasonography with FNA should be considered a preferred test (prior to attempting endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography) when a cytological diagnosis of a pancreatic mass is required, especially when there is no biliary obstruction, or when emergent decompression of an obstructed biliary tree is not considered clinically necessary due to lack of signs and symptoms of cholangitis.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Endoscopic ultrasound staging of rectal cancer: Diagnostic value before and following chemoradiation
Authors: MAOR YAAKOV , NADLER MOSHE , BARSHACK IRIS , ZMORA ODED , KOLLER MOSHE , KUNDEL YULIA , FIDDER HERMA , BAR‐MEIR SIMON , AVIDAN BENJAMIN 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground:  Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been shown to be a reliable tool for staging rectal cancer. Nevertheless, the accuracy of EUS after chemoradiation remains unclear; therefore the purpose of the present paper was to compare the accuracy of EUS staging for rectal cancer before and following chemoradiation.Methods:  Patients with rectal cancer undergoing EUS staging were stratified into two groups. Group I consisted of 66 patients who underwent surgery following EUS staging without preoperative chemoradiation. Group II consisted of 25 patients who had EUS evaluation following chemoradiation. The EUS staging was compared to surgical/pathological staging.Results:  The accuracy of the T staging for group I was 86% (57/66). Inaccurate staging was mainly associated with overstaging EUS T2 tumors. The accuracy of the N staging for group I was 71% (47/66). The accuracy of EUS for a composite T and N staging relevant to treatment decisions in group I was 91%. In group II, the accuracy of T and N staging was 72% (18/25) and 80% (20/25), respectively. Overstaging EUS T3 tumors accounted for most inaccurate staging. The EUS staging predicted post‐chemoradiation T0N0 stage correctly in only 50% of cases.Conclusions:  Preoperative staging of rectal cancer by EUS is a useful modality in determining the need for preoperative chemoradiation. The EUS T staging following chemoradiation appears to be less accurate. Detection of complete response may be insufficient for selecting patients for limited surgical intervention.
Distribution and isoforms of epimorphin in carbon tetrachloride‐induced acute liver injury in mice
Authors: SEGAWA DAISUKE , MIURA KOUICHI , GOTO TAKASHI , OHSHIMA SHIGETOSHI , MIKAMI KEN‐ICHIRO , YONEYAMA KAZUO , SHIBUYA TOMOMI , WATANABE DAISUKE , KATAOKA EI , YOSHINO RYUTARO , WATANABE SUMIO 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground and Aim:  Epimorphin, a morphoregulatory factor essential to organ development, is believed to direct normal morphogenesis in tissue repair. We examined the dynamics and the roles of epimorphin, a cell surface‐associated molecule detected on mesenchymal cells, in hepatic tissue repair from acute liver injury.Methods:  After acute liver injury was induced by carbon tetrachloride in Balb/c mice, the distribution of epimorphin‐expressing cells was studied immunohistochemically. To clarify interactions between epimorphin expression and hepatocyte behavior, epimorphin‐expressing cells and proliferating hepatocytes were counted. Then, epimorphin quantity and isoforms were assessed by western blotting. To better understand effects of epimorphin, we cultured rat hepatocytes in its presence.Results:  Epimorphin was distributed in relation to sinusoids, portal veins, central veins and granulomas, expressed in stellate cells and myofibroblasts. In the periportal zone, the expression in sinusoids was decreased at 24 h but increased on day 7 after carbon tetrachloride administration. Numbers of epimorphin‐expressing cells and proliferating hepatocytes changed in an inverse manner as time progressed. In the pericentral zone, reactivity for epimorphin was markedly enhanced concurrently with appearance of granulomas. Quantities of 34‐kDa isoform paralleled epimorphin‐staining intensity. In vitro, epimorphin induced spherical hepatocyte aggregates and maintained differentiated hepatocyte function.Conclusions:  Epimorphin is involved in tissue repair following a single injection of carbon tetrachloride, in which distribution and the quantity of epimorphin expression are important, particularly in maintaining hepatocyte function.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Role of esophagogastroduodenoscopy in the initial assessment of children with inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: LEMBERG DANIEL A , CLARKSON CATHY M , BOHANE TIMOTHY D , DAY ANDREW S 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntroduction:  Diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and differentiation between Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) can be difficult in children. Several previous studies suggest that esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and biopsies are important in the initial investigation of children with suspected IBD. The aim of the present paper was to assess the importance of EGD in the initial diagnostic appraisal of children with suspected IBD.Methods:  Children diagnosed with IBD over a 4‐year period were identified from a dedicated IBD database. Retrospective chart review documented presenting signs and symptoms, endoscopic features in the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract and histological findings on mucosal biopsies.Results:  Eighty‐six children were diagnosed with IBD of whom 61 (70.9%) had CD, 13 (21.3%) UC, and the remainder, indeterminate colitis. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed in 76 (88.4%). Nine children were diagnosed with IBD solely on the basis of information obtained following EGD. None of these children had colitis and all had abnormal histological findings on review of mucosal biopsies from the upper gastrointestinal tract. Thirteen (23.6%) of 55 children with CD had granulomas noted within biopsies obtained during EGD and another 20 had significant inflammatory changes on histological examination of upper gastrointestinal tract biopsies. Crohn's disease was diagnosed in 25 of 38 children with pan‐colitis. Thirteen children were correctly classified as having CD only following assessment of their upper gastrointestinal tract. This included the presence of upper gut granulomata in eight children.Conclusion:  The performance of EGD in these children with IBD provided additional diagnostic yield and guided the differentiation of disease type in many patients. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy is an essential component in the initial diagnostic assessment of children with possible CD or UC.© 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd
Safety limit of the extent of hepatectomy for rats with moderately fatty liver: Experimental study concerning living liver donor safety
Authors: MORIOKA DAISUKE , WATANABE KAZUTERU , MAKINO HIROCHIKA , SAITO SHUJI , UEDA MICHIO , KUBOTA TORU , SEKIDO HITOSHI , MATSUO KEN‐ICHI , ICHIKAWA YASUSHI , ENDO ITARU , TOGO SHINJI , SHIMADA HIROSHI 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIntroduction:  The aim of the present study was to determine whether rats with moderately fatty liver could withstand a 90% hepatectomy, which rats with normal livers can survive.Material and Methods:  Nine‐week‐old male Wistar rats were used. Normal rat chow was fed to the normal liver group, and fat‐enriched rat chow was fed to the fatty liver group for 4 weeks to induce a moderately fatty liver. The authors have previously reported that this fatty liver rat model can cause fatal liver dysfunction after reduced‐size‐liver transplantation. A 90% and 95% hepatectomy were performed using rats of both groups to evaluate posthepatectomized liver function.Results:  All rats undergoing a 90% hepatectomy were still alive 30 days after the hepatectomy, but the rats that underwent a 95% hepatectomy were all dead within 4 days regardless of group. Increases in the liver remnant wet weight measured until 7 postoperative days after 90% hepatectomy were almost similar among the two groups. Alanin aminotransferase measured at 24, 48, 72, and 168 h after a 90% hepatectomy were significantly higher in the fatty liver group than in the normal liver group. Similarly, at up to 72 h postoperatively, the serum hyarulonic acids were significantly higher in the fatty liver group.Conclusion:  A moderately fatty liver did not cause mortality in 90% hepatectomized rats. However, it caused a higher degree of hepatic parenchymal as well as sinusoidal injury.
Recovery of gastric function after Helicobacter pylori eradication in subjects with body atrophic gastritis: Prospective 4‐year study
Authors: DI MARIO FRANCESCO , MOUSSA ALI M , DAL BÒ NADIA , CARUANA PIETRO , PILOTTO ALBERTO , CAVALLARO LUCAS G , CAVESTRO GIULIA M , IORI VERONICA , MERLI ROBERTA , FRANZÉ ANGELO , RUGGE MASSIMO 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground:  The relationship between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication and atrophic changes in the gastric mucosa has not yet been fully defined. Although studies report a partial restoration of serum pepsinogen I (sPGI) levels after eradication, it is not clear if this finding reflects gastric mucosal healing on a morphological level.Aim:  To assess alterations in gastric function after H. pylori eradication on moderate/severe body atrophic gastritis by determination of sPGI levels.Methods:  Twenty‐three dyspeptic patients, selected from 284 consecutive H. pylori positive patients, with histological features of moderate/severe body atrophic gastritis and sPGI < 25 µg/L (11 men, mean age: 51.8 years, range: 29–79 years), underwent an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with gastric biopsies and sPGI determination at baseline. All patients underwent eradication therapy. Serum pepsinogen I was measured again after 6 months, and at 1, 2, 3 and 4 years after eradication therapy.Results:  Mean sPGI levels prior to eradication were 11.9 µg/L (range: 4–23 µg/L). Six months after eradication therapy, mean sPGI levels significantly increased to 17.4 µg/L (P = 0.04). At the completion of the study, 4 years after eradication, sPGI levels increased from 17.4 to 32.7 µg/L (P = 0.01). A significant progressive increase in sPGI levels was observed from 6 months to 1 year (17.4 to 23.9 µg/L) and from 1 to 2 years (23.9 to 26.0 µg/L, P = 0.01). Serum pepsinogen I levels higher than the cut‐off value of 25 µg/L were observed at various time‐points: 6.3% of patients at 6 months (1/16), 33.3% (5/15) at 1 year, 50% (7/14) at 24 months, 66.7% (6/9) at 36 months and 87.5% (7/8) at 4 years.Conclusion:  After H. pylori eradication, subjects with body atrophic gastritis showed long‐term improvement of physiological gastric function, reflected by significantly and continually increasing sPGI levels over a 4‐year period.
Bax and Bcl‐2 protein expression in gastric precancerous lesions: Immunohistochemical study
Authors: ANAGNOSTOPOULOS GEORGE K , STEFANOU DIMITRIOS , ARKOUMANI EVDOKIA , SAKORAFAS GEORGE , PAVLAKIS GEORGE , ARVANITIDIS DIMITRIOS , TSIANOS EPAMEINONDAS , AGNANTIS NIKI J 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Bcl‐2 protein prolongs cell survival in the face of classical apoptotic stimuli, and is considered to be a suppressor of apoptosis. Bax plays a key role in apoptosis by accelerating cell death after an apoptotic stimulus. The aim of our study was to determine the roles of the Bax proapoptotic gene and the Bcl‐2 antiapoptotic gene in the carcinogenesis of gastric cancer.Methods:  One hundred and forty‐five gastric biopsy specimens of chronic gastritis, atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and gastric dysplasia were studied. Using immunohistochemical methods, Bax and Bcl‐2 protein expression was observed.Results:  Bax was expressed in epithelial cells in all cases of chronic gastritis. Bax was not detected in 26% of specimens of atrophic gastritis. As intestinal metaplasia develops, Bax is further suppressed. In biopsy samples with dysplasia, Bax expression was demonstrated only in 12% of biopsy samples. Although Bcl‐2 protein was not detected in chronic gastritis, aberrant expression was found in gastric epithelial intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia.Conclusions:  The suppression of Bax and overexpression of Bcl‐2 protein is an early event in gastric tumorigenesis, before gastric dysplastic changes occur.
Psychological implications of hepatitis C virus diagnosis
Authors: GILL MUZAFFAR L , ATIQ MUSLIM , SATTAR SYMA , KHOKHAR NASIR 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnosis causes significant psychological stress and anxiety. We thought it would be important to illustrate the anxiety caused by HCV diagnosis in patients from the developing world.Methods:  This study was conducted at the Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, between February 2004 and April 2004. All patients who were recently diagnosed with HCV (those who tested positive to anti‐HCV and HCV polymerase chain reaction) were given a questionnaire that compared stress due to HCV infection with four other variables, including death of a close family member, divorce, loss of source of income and move to another city. We also analyzed the anxiety level among these patients using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).Results:  We studied 98 patients and 100 healthy controls. Thirty‐one (31.63%) patients who were diagnosed with HCV presented only with fatigue. Sixty‐three (64.28%) patients admitted that diagnosis of HCV interfered with their daily life in some way. Among the newly diagnosed cases, 48 (48.97%) patients had moderate to severe anxiety (BAI Class B and C). Multi‐logistic regression analysis showed that anxiety was related to HCV‐related stress (P < 0.002) and self‐perceived severity of disease (P < 0.001). HCV diagnosis was significantly more stressful than divorce (59.87 vs 70.95; P < 0.013), loss of source of income (50.52 vs 70.80; P < 0.001), and a move to another city (28.32 vs 70.80; P < 0.001).Conclusions:  Diagnosis with HCV is reported to be more stressful than divorce, loss of source of income and a move to another city.
Lymphotoxin‐β production following bile duct ligation: Possible role for Kupffer cells
Authors: LEE CLAIR M , KNIGHT BELINDA , YEOH GEORGE C , RAMM GRANT A , OLYNYK JOHN K 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Lymphotoxin‐β (LT‐β) may play a role in the pathogenesis of chronic liver injury. The aim of this study was to determine in an animal model of bile duct ligation liver injury whether LT‐β expression is induced and whether Kupffer cells are an intrahepatic source of LT‐β.Methods:  Sprague–Dawley rats were divided into two groups: one group received a single dose of GdCl (a Kupffer cell‐blocking agent, 10 mg/kg i.v.), whereas the other group received saline. One day later, the groups underwent bile duct ligation or a sham operation. Liver tissue was obtained on days 1, 3, 5, and 8 for assessment of Kupffer cell numbers, early fibrogenic events and LT‐β gene expression. Kupffer cells were isolated using pronase/collagenase perfusion and centrifugal elutriation.Results:  Hepatic LT‐β mRNA expression increased early following bile duct ligation. Pretreatment of bile duct‐ligated animals with GdCl significantly reduced the number of Kupffer cells, delayed the rise in LT‐β expression, but had no effect on fibrogenesis. Recovery of the Kupffer cell population in these animals was accompanied by increased hepatic LT‐β expression. The LT‐β ligand and receptor were expressed by isolated normal Kupffer cells.Conclusions:  Hepatic LT‐β expression is induced early following bile duct ligation. Kupffer cells may be an intrahepatic source of LT‐β.