bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dead cert or long shot: the utility of social marketing in tackling problem gambling in the UK?
Authors: Gordon Ross , Moodie Crawford 
Published: December 2008

Abstract

Social marketing has grown from a fledgling discipline to one recognised as an established means of eliciting behaviour change. Concomitant with the maturation of social marketing has been an increasing focus on expansion into new and untapped areas for behaviour change. This paper examines the utility of applying social marketing to problem gambling in the UK by briefly detailing the development of social marketing and evidence of its effectiveness with traditional public health issues, and its applicability with emerging areas; outlining the situation in the UK regards problem gambling, and why this represents such a fertile testing ground for social marketers and proposing a broad agenda highlighting the potential applications of social marketing in relation to problem gambling, whilst considering the challenges that could encumber the effectiveness of such interventions.
Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chitosan‐g‐polycaprolactone copolymer fibrous mesh scaffolds and their related properties
Authors: Wan Ying , Wu Hua , Xiao Bo , Cao Xiaoying , Dalai Siqin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChitosan‐g‐polycaprolactone copolymers (CPCs) with desired composition proportions were synthesized by carefully controlling the weight ratio of polycaprolactone side chains changing approximately between 45 and 48 wt% so that the obtained CPCs could be further processed via different processing techniques. Aqueous acetic acid solutions and dimethyl sulfoxide were respectively employed as solvents to fabricate CPCs into fibrous mesh scaffolds that had nearly similar parameters characterized by the average porosity and pore‐size of scaffolds as well as the average diameter of filaments under optimal processing conditions. The swelling index, surface group analysis, antibacterial activity and tensile mechanical properties of these mesh scaffolds were investigated in several ways, and the scaffolds showed quite different properties due to the different processing methods employed, although the same type of CPC was used. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A proteomic approach to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins between the fed and prolonged fasted states
Authors: Bertile Fabrice , Schaeffer Christine , Le Maho Yvon , Raclot Thierry , Van Dorsselaer Alain 
Published: December 2008

AbstractProlonged fasting is characterized by consecutive phases, a short period of adaptation (phase 1), phase 2 (P2) characterized by fat oxidation, and phase 3 (P3) during which energy requirements are mostly derived from increased protein utilization. At this latter stage, food seeking behavior is induced. Very few circulating biomolecules have been identified that are involved in the response to prolonged fasting. To this end, rat plasma samples were compared by a proteomic approach, using 2‐DE. The results revealed a selective variation of the levels of apolipoprotein A‐IV, A‐I, and E, haptoglobin, transthyretin, plasma retinol binding‐protein, and vitamin D binding‐protein in P2 and P3. The variations in protein levels were confirmed by ELISA. Changes in mRNA levels encoding these proteins did not systematically correlate well with protein concentrations, and tissue‐specific regulation of mRNA expression was observed, underlining the complex metabolic regulation in response to food deprivation. In late fasting, the marked reduction of apolipoprotein A‐IV levels could contribute to the alarm signal that triggers refeeding. The variations of the other differentially expressed proteins are more likely related to lipid metabolism and insulin signaling alterations.
Activity profiling of platelets by chemical proteomics
Authors: Wong Jason W. H. , McRedmond James P. , Cagney Gerard 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemical proteomics or activity based proteomics is a functional proteomics technology where molecular probes are used to target a selective group of functionally related proteins. Its emergence has enabled specific targeting of subproteomes, overcoming the limitations in dynamic range of traditional large‐scale proteomics experiments. Using a chemical proteomics strategy, we attempt to differentially profile the nucleotide‐binding proteome of active and resting platelets. We apply an affinity chromatography protocol using immobilized adenosine triphosphate, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate. The specificity of the immobilized nucleotides was demonstrated by competitive assays and by immunoblotting. LC coupled MS/MS was applied to identify the proteins recovered by our chemical proteomics strategy. When compared to a standard set of platelet lysate proteins, we confirmed that enrichment for nucleotide‐binding proteins was indeed taking place. Finally, by employing label‐free MS‐based comparative quantification, we found a small number of platelet proteins that show statistically significant difference between the active and resting nucleotide‐binding proteome.
Comparative proteomic analysis of the insulin‐induced L6 myotube secretome
Authors: Yoon Jong Hyuk , Yea Kyungmoo , Kim Jaeyoon , Choi Yoon Sup , Park Sehoon , Lee Hyeongji , Lee Chang Sup , Suh Pann‐Ghill , Ryu Sung Ho 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEmerging evidence has revealed an endocrine function for skeletal muscle; in fact, certain anti‐inflammatory cytokines are secreted only from contractile skeletal muscle. However, the skeletal muscle secretome as a whole is poorly characterized, as is how it changes in response to extracellular stimuli. Herein, we sought to identify and characterize the members of the skeletal muscle secretome, and to determine which protein secretion levels were modulated in response to insulin stimulation. To conduct these studies, we treated differentiated L6 rat skeletal muscle cells with insulin or left them untreated, and we comparatively analyzed the proteins secreted into the media. We fractionated this conditioned media using offline RP HPLC, digested the fractionated proteins, and analyzed the resulting peptides with LC‐ESI‐MS/MS. We identified a total of 254 proteins, and by using three different filtering methods, we identified 153 of these as secretory proteins. Fourteen proteins were secreted at higher levels under insulin stimulation, including several proteins known to be highly secreted in metabolic diseases; 19 proteins were secreted at lower levels under insulin stimulation. These result not only pinpointed several previously unknown, insulin induced, secretory proteins of skeletal muscle, it also described a novel approach for conditioned secretome analysis.
Prediction of surface exposed proteins in Streptococcus pyogenes, with a potential application to other Gram‐positive bacteria
Authors: Barinov Aleksandr , Loux Valentin , Hammani Amal , Nicolas Pierre , Langella Philippe , Ehrlich Dusko , Maguin Emmanuelle , van de Guchte Maarten 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe in silico prediction of bacterial surface exposed proteins is of growing interest for the rational development of vaccines and in the study of bacteria–host relationships, whether pathogenic or host beneficial. This interest is driven by the increase in the use of DNA sequencing as a major tool in the early characterization of pathogenic bacteria and, more recently, even of complex ecosystems at the host–environment interface in metagenomics approaches. Current protein localization protocols are not suited to this prediction task as they ignore the potential surface exposition of many membrane‐associated proteins. Therefore, we developed a new flow scheme, SurfG+, for the processing of protein sequence data with the particular aim of identification of potentially surface exposed (PSE) proteins from Gram‐positive bacteria, which was validated for Streptococcus pyogenes. The results of an exploratory case study on closely related lactobacilli of the acidophilus group suggest that the yogurt bacterium Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus (L. bulgaricus) dedicates a relatively important fraction of its coding capacity to secreted proteins, while the probiotic gastrointestinal (GI) tract bacteria L. johnsonii and L. gasseri appear to encode a larger variety of PSE proteins, that may play a role in the interaction with the host.
Global analysis of cellular protein translation by pulsed SILAC
Authors: Schwanhäusser Björn , Gossen Manfred , Dittmar Gunnar , Selbach Matthias 
Published: December 2008

AbstractCurrent methods for system‐wide gene expression analysis detect changes in mRNA abundance, but neglect regulation at the level of translation. Pulse labeling with stable isotopes has been used to measure protein turnover rates, but this does not directly provide information about translation rates. Here, we developed pulsed stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (pSILAC) with two heavy isotope labels to directly quantify protein translation on a proteome‐wide scale. We applied the method to cellular iron homeostasis as a model system and demonstrate that it can confidently identify proteins that are translationally regulated by iron availability.
A comparative proteome approach to decipher the mechanism of rice adaptation to phosphorous deficiency
Authors: Torabi Sepideh , Wissuwa Matthias , Heidari Manzar , Naghavi Mohammad‐Reza , Gilany Kambiz , Hajirezaei Mohammad‐Reza , Omidi Mansoor , Yazdi‐Samadi Bahman , Ismail Abdelbagi M. , Salekdeh Ghasem Hosseini 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMineral deficiency limits crop production in most soils and in Asia alone, about 50% of rice lands are phosphorous deficient. In an attempt to determine the mechanism of rice adaptation to phosphorous deficiency, changes in proteome patterns associated with phosphorous deficiency have been investigated. We analyzed the parental line Nipponbare in comparison to its near isogenic line (NIL6‐4) carrying a major phosphorous uptake QTL (Pup1) on chromosome 12. Using 2‐DE, the proteome pattern of roots grown under 1 and 100 μM phosphorous were compared. Out of 669 proteins reproducibly detected on root 2‐DE gels, 32 proteins showed significant changes in the two genotypes. Of them, 17 proteins showed different responses in two genotypes under stress condition. MS resulted in identification of 26 proteins involved in major phosphorous deficiency adaptation pathways including reactive oxygen scavenging, citric acid cycle, signal transduction, and plant defense responses as well as proteins with unknown function. Our results highlighted a coordinated response in NIL in response to phosphorous deficiency which may confer higher adaptation to nutrient deficiency.
Sample size determination in clinical proteomic profiling experiments using mass spectrometry for class comparison
Authors: Cairns David A. , Barrett Jennifer H. , Billingham Lucinda J. , Stanley Anthea J. , Xinarianos George , Field John K. , Johnson Phillip J. , Selby Peter J. , Banks Rosamonde E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMass spectrometric profiling approaches such as MALDI‐TOF and SELDI‐TOF are increasingly being used in disease marker discovery, particularly in the lower molecular weight proteome. However, little consideration has been given to the issue of sample size in experimental design. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for the use of sample size calculations in proteomic profiling studies using MS. These sample size calculations can be based on a simple linear mixed model which allows the inclusion of estimates of biological and technical variation inherent in the experiment. The use of a pilot experiment to estimate these components of variance is investigated and is shown to work well when compared with larger studies. Examination of data from a number of studies using different sample types and different chromatographic surfaces shows the need for sample‐ and preparation‐specific sample size calculations.
7th HUPO World Congress of Proteomics: Launching the Second Phase of the HUPO Plasma Proteome Project (PPP‐2) 16–20 August 2008, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Authors: Omenn Gilbert S. , Aebersold Ruedi , Paik Young‐Ki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe HUPO Plasma Proteome Project new phase, PPP‐2, held its initial workshop on 17 August, 2008, at the 7th World Congress of Proteomics in Amsterdam. Technology platforms, data repositories, informatics, and engagement of research groups for the submission of major datasets were key topics. Plasma is expected to be the common pathway for biomarker development and application through collaboration and integration with other HUPO initiatives.
Tourettes action
Authors: Box Hillary 
Published: December 2008

AbstractTourettes Action is the UK's leading support and research charity for people with Tourette syndrome and their families. Its vision is for people with Tourette syndrome to receive the practical support and social acceptance they need to help them live their lives to the full. Tourettes Action deals with all forms of Tourette syndrome. Hillary Box, Director of Development, provides an overview of some of the work the charity is involved with. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Photoamination of 1‐hydroxyanthraquinone in a water‐acetonitrile mixed solvent
Authors: Tajima Masahiro , Katoh Katsumi , Matsunaga Katsuji , Inoue Haruo 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe investigated the photoamination kinetics of 1‐hydroxyanthraquinones in a water‐acetonitrile mixed solvent by stationary light irradiation. The progression of the reaction under an inert atmosphere demonstrated the existence of additional reaction pathways. The excited triplet state of the base form of the 1‐hydroxyanthraquinones was found to be responsible for the additional pathways. On the other hand, the same reaction under air involved an attack of the amine‐derived radical species (aminium and amino radicals) on the ground state of the 1‐hydroxyanthraquinones. One of the pathways preferentially led to 2‐amination, and the other led exclusively to 4‐amination. Results also indicate the attainment of an equilibrium state between the aminium and amino radicals. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The photophysics of salicylic acid derivatives in aqueous solution
Authors: Pozdnyakov Ivan P. , Pigliucci Anatolio , Tkachenko Nikolai , Plyusnin Victor F. , Vauthey Eric , Lemmetyinen Helge 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe photophysics of a number salicylic acid derivatives (SADs) in aqueous solutions was investigated in a wide range of pH by time‐correlated single photon counting (λex = 350 nm, τresp = 300 ps) and fluorescence up‐conversion (λex = 266 nm, τresp = 300 fs) techniques. The acid–base equilibrium constants in the ground (pKa) and the excited states (${\rm p}K_{\rm a}^* $), the fluorescence quantum yields as well as the lifetimes of anionic, neutral, and cationic forms of SADs were determined. Evidence of ultrafast excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) leading to the formation of the proton‐transferred excited state of SADs was obtained from the fluorescence up‐conversion measurement. The nature of the ESIPT process is discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The involvement of altered corticotropin releasing factor receptor 2 expression in prostate cancer due to alteration of anti‐angiogenic signaling pathways
Authors: Tezval Hossein , Jurk Steffanie , Atschekzei Farahnaz , Serth Jürgen , Kuczyk Markus A. , Merseburger Axel S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDExpression of urocortin (Ucn) in the human benign prostate and prostate cancer has been reported recently. Ucn binds and activates corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) receptor 1 (CRFR1) and 2 (CRFR2). Activation of CRFR2 has been shown to inhibit tumor growth by regulation of proliferation and apoptosis as well as suppression of vascularization. However, there is no report demonstrating expression profile of CRFR2 in normal prostate versus prostate cancer.METHODSCRFR2 mRNA expression was assessed in human normal prostate and prostate cancer by reverse transcriptase PCR. CRFR2 expression on protein level has been performed using double staining immunofluorescence (IF) of tissue microarrays of 32 cases of prostatic adenocarcioma with corresponding normal tissues. Confocal microscopy was carried out to visualize the immunostaining.RESULTSPCR of normal prostate lysates exhibited specific signals for CRFR2 mRNA. However PCR of lysates of prostate cancer exhibited no signal for CRFR2 mRNA. IF study exhibited that smooth muscle components of the stroma and endothelial cells of blood vessels express an extensive staining for CRFR2. In a lesser extend vascular smooth muscle cells expressed CRFR2. The tumoral neovascular system and stroma exhibited no immunopositivity for CRFR2.CONCLUSIONSThe present study demonstrates for the first time that human benign prostate tissue and prostate cancer specimen differentially express CRFR2. While Ucn expression in prostate cancer has been shown to be identical to non‐malignant prostate tissues, we hypothesize that expression loss of CRFR2 in prostate cancer and its neovascularization contributes to prostate tumorigenesis, progression, and neoangiogenesis. Prostate 69:443–448, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inhibition of AR‐mediated transcription by binding of Oct1 to a motif enriched in AR‐occupied regions
Authors: Jariwala Unnati , Cogan Jon P. , Jia Li , Frenkel Baruch , Coetzee Gerhard A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe androgen receptor (AR) plays roles in prostate development and cancer (PCa). In response to androgens, the AR binds to androgen‐response elements (AREs) to modulate gene transcription. The responses of such genes are dependent on the cellular milieu and on sequences around the AREs, which attract other transcription factors. Previously, bioinformatic analysis of 62 AR‐occupied regions (ARORs) in PCa cells revealed enrichment for both AREs and a TTGGCAAATA‐like motif. We undertook the present study to investigate the significance of the TTGGCAAATA‐like motif.METHODSProstate cancer cell lines, LNCaP and C4‐2B, were analyzed by transient transfections of wild‐type and mutant reporter constructs, electro‐mobility shift assays (EMSAs), and RT‐qPCR analysis of endogenous genes.RESULTSIn two of six tested ARORs, point mutations in the TTGGCAAATA‐like motif resulted in inhibition of DHT‐mediated enhancer activity. EMSA revealed that Oct1 bound the motif, and that the mutations that abolished DHT responsiveness in the transfection assays augmented Oct1 binding. These results suggest a role for Oct1 as a context‐dependent negative coregulator of AR. Consistent with this, siRNA knockdown of Oct1 increased the DHT‐mediated enhancer activity of transfected reporters as well as an endogenous AR target gene, transglutaminase 2.CONCLUSIONSOct1 negatively regulates DHT‐mediated enhancer activity in a subset of ARORs. The enrichment of ARORs for the Oct‐binding, TTGGCAAATA‐like motif may reflect a mechanism that utilizes Oct1 to keep AR activity in check at some ARORs, while augmenting AR activity in other ARORs. Therefore, Oct1 may have regulatory functions in prostate development and cancer progression. Prostate 69:392–400, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oct4A is expressed by a subpopulation of prostate neuroendocrine cells
Authors: Sotomayor Paula , Godoy Alejandro , Smith Gary J. , Huss Wendy J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDCancer stem cells are defined by their self‐renewal and multi‐potential capabilities and are hypothesized to be the source of primary and recurrent cancers. The stem cell properties of self‐renewal and pluripotency in embryonic stem cells and germ cells are regulated by Oct4A, a splice variant of the POU5F1 (Oct3/4) gene, while the function of the alternative splice variant, Oct4B, is unknown. Rare cells that express Oct4 were identified in several somatic cancers, however, the differential contributions of the Oct4A and Oct4B variants were not determined.METHODSOct4A expression and co‐localization with lineage markers was performed with PCR and immunohistochemistry.RESULTSRare Oct4A expressing cells are present in human benign and malignant prostate glands and the number of Oct4A expressing cells increases in prostate cancers with high Gleason scores. Oct4A expressing cells were non‐proliferative, and did not co‐express markers of basal epithelial cell or luminal epithelial cell differentiation, or AMACR, a marker of prostate cancer epithelial cells. A subpopulation of the Oct4A expressing cells co‐expressed Sox2, an embryonic stem cell marker, but did not express other putative stem cell markers, such as ABCG2, NANOG or CD133. The majority of Oct4A expressing cells co‐expressed chromogranin A, and a subset of Oct4A expressing cells co‐expressed synaptophysin, both markers of neuroendocrine differentiation.CONCLUSIONThe increased number of cells that expressed Oct4A in prostate cancer compared to benign prostate, and in cancers of increasing grade, suggests that Oct4A/Chromogranin A co‐expressing cells represent neuroendocrine cells in prostate cancer. Prostate 69:401–410, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ribosome's mode of function: myths, facts and recent results
Authors: Wekselman Itai , Davidovich Chen , Agmon Ilana , Zimmerman Ella , Rozenberg Haim , Bashan Anat , Berisio Rita , Yonath Ada 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRibosomes translate the genetic code into proteins in all living cells with extremely high efficiency, owing to their inherent flexibility and to their spectacular architecture. During the last 6 decades, extensive effort has been made to elucidate the molecular mechanisms associated with their function, and a quantum jump has been made in recent years, once the three dimensional structures of ribosomes and their functional complexes have been determined. These illuminated key issues in ribosome function, confirmed various biochemical, genetic, and medical findings, and revealed mechanistic details beyond previous expectation, thus leading to conceptual revolutions, and turning old myths into actual facts. Copyright © 2008 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Space–time structure of mesoscale motions in the stable boundary layer
Authors: Mahrt L. , Thomas C. K. , Prueger J. H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this article, we examine the stochastic characteristics of non‐turbulent motions in the stable boundary layer. The behaviour of mesoscale motions in the atmospheric stable boundary layer is poorly understood beyond case studies of unusually well‐defined events or monotonic waves. Eight networks of wind observations are analysed in order to examine stochastically the space–time characteristics of such motions in the stable boundary layer. The networks include a variety of surface conditions and network configurations, although none of the networks is optimal for our studies. Collectively, the networks allow examination of scales from tens of metres to tens of kilometres.A variety of analysis tools reveal the complexity of mesoscale motions near the surface in stratified flow. For the data as a whole, the horizontal scale of coherence increases systematically with time‐scale, albeit with large scatter between records. The relationship between spatial coherence and time‐scale is posed in terms of a velocity scale, which is found to be unrelated to the wind speed. The time variability of the flow decreases systematically with increasing spatial averaging, suggesting that comparison of model winds (with implied spatial averaging over the grid area) with observations requires suitable spatial averaging of the observations. Additional characteristics are discussed in terms of non‐dimensional ratios of velocity scales. Necessary improvements of network measurements are also noted. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society