bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant capacity and secondary metabolites in four species of Andean tuber crops: native potato (Solanum sp.), mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón), Oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina) and ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas)
Authors: Campos David , Noratto Giuliana , Chirinos Rosana , Arbizu Carlos , Roca Willian , Cisneros‐Zevallos Luis 
Published: June 2006

AbstractFour species of edible tubers endemic to and domesticated in the Andes, native potato (Solanum sp.), mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruiz & Pavón), oca (Oxalis tuberosa Molina) and ulluco (Ullucus tuberosus Caldas), were studied for their antioxidant capacity and associated secondary metabolites. The antioxidant capacity was measured using ABTS− radicals and total phenolics, carotenoids, anthocyanin, betaxanthin and betacyanin content were also characterized. The antioxidant capacity found in the crops studied ranged from 483 to 9800 µg trolox equiv. g−1, phenolics ranged from 0.41 to 3.37 mg chlorogenic acid equiv. g−1, anthocyanins ranged from 0.08 to 2.05 mg cyanidin 3‐glucoside g−1 and carotenoids ranged from 1 to 25 µg β‐carotene g−1. The content of bioactive compounds was high and variable between crops and within the genotypes studied. In general, mashua tubers showed the highest antioxidant capacity and phenolic, anthocyanin and carotenoid content compared with other crops. Ulluco was the only crop that contained betalains in the acid form of betaxanthins (22–96 µg g−1) and betacyanins (64 µg g−1) with no presence of carotenoids or anthocyanins. This is the first publication regarding the antioxidant capacity of and associated secondary metabolites in Andean tubers. This information can be useful in the identification of Andean tubers species and genotypes with potential value as a novel dietary source of antioxidants for food, and also for medicinal use. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Estrogenic support of motoneuron dendritic growth via the neuromuscular periphery in a sexually dimorphic motor system
Authors: Nowacek Ari S. , Sengelaub Dale R. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe lumbar spinal cord of rats contains the sexually dimorphic, steroid‐sensitive spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB). In males, the growth of SNB dendrites is steroid‐dependent: dendrites fail to grow after castration, but grow in castrates treated with androgens or estrogens. Blocking estradiol synthesis or estrogen receptors in gonadally intact males attenuates SNB dendritic growth, suggesting that estrogens are required and must be able to act at their receptors to support normal masculine dendritic growth. However, SNB motoneurons do not accumulate estrogens, suggesting that estrogens act indirectly to support SNB dendritic growth. In this experiment, we examined whether local estrogen action in the neuromuscular periphery was involved in the postnatal development of SNB motoneurons. Motoneuron morphology was assessed in gonadally intact and castrated males. Gonadally intact males were left untreated or given either blank or tamoxifen implants sutured to the target musculature, or tamoxifen interscapular implants. Castrated males were left untreated or were given estradiol by muscle or interscapular implants or systemic injection during the period of SNB dendritic growth. At postnatal day 28, when SNB dendritic length is normally maximal, SNB motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin‐HRP and reconstructed in three dimensions. While interscapular tamoxifen implants were ineffective, blocking estrogen receptors at the target musculature resulted in attenuation of SNB dendritic growth. In contrast, while interscapular implants of estradiol were ineffective, local treatment with estradiol at the target musculature in castrated males resulted in masculinization of dendritic growth. Thus, estrogens may act by an indirect action in the neuromuscular periphery to support SNB dendritic growth. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Neurobiol, 2006
Bound carbonyls in PMMA adsorbed on silica using transmission FTIR
Authors: Kulkeratiyut Suriyaphongse , Kulkeratiyut Suntree , Blum Frank D. 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe fraction of directly‐bound carbonyls of surface‐adsorbed poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was determined using transmission Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The small size of the silica used allowed these measurements to be made directly in the transmission mode from dried casts deposited on KBr salt plates. Curve fitting of the carbonyl‐stretching region allowed the estimation of both the relative amounts and also the relative ratio of the absorption coefficients for the free and bound carbonyls. The bound‐carbonyl fractions were found to vary smoothly from 0.3 to 0.1 for adsorbed amounts from 0.5 to 1.8 mg of PMMA/m2. The bound fractions depended primarily on the adsorbed amount of polymer. Only very small, perhaps even negligible, direct effects of the solvent composition (toluene vs. benzene/acetonitrile) or molecular mass (32 to 420 kg/mol) were observed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 2071–2078, 2006
Plastic bronchitis caused by neoplastic infiltrates in a child
Authors: Kuperman Tamar , Wexler Isaiah D. , Shoseyov David , Weintraub Michael , Revel‐Vilk Shoshana , Kerem Eitan 
Published: June 2006

AbstractWe report on a case of a 7‐year‐old girl admitted for pneumonia not responding to oral antibiotics. During hospitalization, her pulmonary status deteriorated as a result of significant atelectasis. An extensive workup revealed an anaplastic large‐cell lymphoma with neoplastic cells, found in both a biopsied lymph node and pleural fluid aspirate. Bronchoscopic examination showed nearly complete obstruction of the left side by bronchial casts composed of tumor cells, fibrin, and necrotic material, consistent with plastic bronchitis. Neoplastic infiltration of the bronchi should be considered in the differential diagnosis of disease entities causing plastic bronchitis in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The guanidino‐group modifying enzymes: Structural basis for their diversity and commonality
Authors: Shirai Hiroki , Mokrab Younes , Mizuguchi Kenji 
Published: June 2006

AbstractThe guanidino‐group modifying enzyme (GME) superfamily contains many drug targets, including metabolic enzymes from pathogenic microorganisms as well as key regulatory proteins from higher eukaryotes. These enzymes, despite their diverse sequences, adopt the common α/β propeller fold and catalyze the modification of (methylated) guanidino groups. Our structural superposition and structure‐based alignment for the GMEs have identified key residues that are involved in the catalysis and substrate binding. We have shown that conserved guanidino–carboxyl interactions are utilized in two different ways; the acidic residues in the catalytic site form hydrogen bonds to the substrate guanidino group, and the enzyme Arg residues at several key positions recognize the carboxyl group of the substrate and fix its orientation. Based on this observation, we have proposed rules for classifying the GME sequences and predicting their molecular function from the conservation of the key acidic and Arg residues. Other novel motifs have been identified, which involve residues that are not in direct contact with the substrate but are likely to stabilize the active‐site conformation through hydrogen‐bonding networks. In addition, we have examined the domain architecture of the GMEs. Although most members consist of a single catalytic domain, fold recognition analysis has identified a likely bifunctional enzyme from a cyanobacterium. It has also revealed common immunoglobulin‐like β‐sandwich domains found in the enzymes that recognize protein substrates. These findings will be useful for predicting the precise mechanism of action for potential novel targets and designing therapeutic compounds against them. Proteins 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Automobile Airbag Impulse Noise: Otologic Symptoms in Six Patients
Authors: Saunders James E. , Slattery William H. , Luxford William M. 
Published: June 2006

Automobile airbag safety systems have successfully reduced the number of occupant injuries from motor vehicle accidents. Unfortunately, airbags are also associated with some inherent risk, including a high‐amplitude, short‐duration noise from airbag deployment. A review of the available research in the automobile industry indicates that the peak amplitude of this noise may exceed 170 dB sound pressure level. Despite the increasingly wide application of airbags in automobiles, there have been no previous reports of airbag‐related otologic injuries. We have encountered six patients with otologic symptoms that appear to be related to airbag impulse noise. Five of these patients have documented hearing loss, one patient reported persistent tinnitus, and two patients have significant dysequilibrium. Although permanent hearing loss from airbag noise appears to be rare, temporary threshold shifts are probably much more common. It is important, therefore, that the clinician be aware of the noise associated with airbag inflation and the possibility of acoustic trauma from these safety devices.
Use of major and minor tranquilizers with older patients in an acute care hospital: an exploratory study
Authors: Kwasny Penny , Hagen Brad , Armstrong‐Esther Chris 
Published: June 2006

Aims.  This paper reports a study to determine how many older patients are prescribed major and/or minor tranquilizers during their hospital stay, and the perceptions of acute care nursing staff towards the use of such medications with older hospitalized patients.Background.  While considerable research exists on the use of major and minor tranquilizers (chemical restraints) with older people in long‐term care, scant research has addressed the use of these drugs with older patients in acute care hospitals. Given the growing numbers of older people with dementia and delirium in hospitals, and the risks these drugs pose to older people, more research on the use of chemical restraints by nurses with older hospital patients is needed.Methods.  Computerized pharmacy records were used to access data on prescriptions of major and minor tranquilizers to older patients during one month on six hospital units (total n = 498), and 140 nursing staff from these units completed the Perceptions of (Chemical) Restraint Use Questionnaire. The data were collected in 2003.Results.  A minority of older patients (8·63%) were prescribed a major or minor tranquilizer during the one‐month data collection period. The numbers prescribed minor tranquilizers (6·22%, n = 31) were approximately double that of major tranquilizers (3·21%, n = 16). The majority of prescriptions for minor and major tranquilizers were written as pro re nata or ‘as needed’ (77% and 55·8%, respectively). Nurses’ scores on the Perceptions of (Chemical) Restraint Use Questionnaire indicated perceptions consistent with liberal use of chemical restraints, and several of the highly rated reasons for giving such medications could be considered inappropriate.Conclusions.  While these findings suggest that only a small number of older people were prescribed chemical restraint medications in hospital, the risks these medications pose warrants ongoing prudence. More nursing research and education on the use of these medications with older people in hospital settings is needed.
The theory–practice gap: impact of professional–bureaucratic work conflict on newly‐qualified nurses
Authors: Maben Jill , Latter Sue , Clark Jill Macleod 
Published: June 2006

Aim. This paper reports the findings from a naturalistic enquiry undertaken in the United Kingdom into the extent to which the ideals and values of the preregistration nursing course are adopted by individual newly educated Registered Nurses.Background. Research in several countries provides consistent evidence of the existence of a theory–practice gap in nursing. Clear disparities have been demonstrated between the best practice ideals and values that are taught and those actually encountered in everyday practice. Nurse education ‘Project 2000’ reforms in the United Kingdom were designed, in part, to address this issue. Few studies to date have examined the impact of these reforms on newly qualified Registered Nurses’ ability to translate theory into practice.Methods. A longitudinal study was carried out in three educational institutions in the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2000. Final year nursing students (n = 72) in three colleges of nursing completed questionnaires to elicit views on their ideals and values for practice. In‐depth interviews with a purposive subsample of 26 participants (at 4–6 and 11–15 months postqualification) indicated the extent to which these ideals and values were adopted in practice. Interviews were tape‐recorded, transcribed, and data were analysed using constant comparison and negative case analysis.Findings. Although new nurses emerged from their programmes with a strong set of nursing values, a number of professional and organizational factors effectively sabotaged implementation. Professional sabotage includes obeying covert rules, lack of support and poor nursing role models. Organizational sabotage includes structural and organizational constraints such as time pressures, role constraints, staff shortages and work overload.Conclusion. The disparity between nursing as taught and as practised may have profound implications for the future of the profession both in the United Kingdom and internationally, in terms of morale, job satisfaction and retention. Measures to improve resources and reduce the professional–bureaucratic work conflict are discussed.
Attitudes to spiritual care among nursing staff in a Swedish oncology clinic
Authors: Lundmark Mikael 
Published: June 2006

Aims and objectives.  To identify factors which may influence attitudes to spiritual care, test the relevance of these identified influencing factors in a Swedish nursing context, and replicate a part of a previous study by Strang et al. (Journal of Clinical Nursing 2002;11:48–57) dealing with attitudes to spiritual care in a holistic perspective. A questionnaire was handed out to all nursing staff at a Swedish oncology clinic (n = 93) excluding the radiation therapy ward. Data were obtained from 68 nurses or nursing auxiliaries.Design and methods.  (i) Literature review of international research reports concerning spiritual care in a nursing context. (ii) Construction of a questionnaire comprising 17 questions with given alternatives based on the previous literature study. (iii) Operationalization of the concept ‘attitudes to spiritual care’ into some more easily measurable questions through identification in earlier research reports of conceivable indicators of attitudes to spiritual care. (iv) Construction of a suggestion for a definition of the concept ‘spiritual care’ from the results of Strang et al. (2002) to be used in the questionnaire. (v) Statistical analysis of the data from the questionnaire and a comparison with previous studies.Results and conclusions.  The replicating part of the study are mainly in accordance with Strang et al. (2002) and lead to the conclusions that holistic care (i) is desirable, (ii) should include spiritual needs of the patients and (iii) is not yet realized in Swedish health care. The identified influencing factors are relevant in a Swedish nursing context. The factors influencing the largest number of indicators of attitudes to spiritual care are ‘non‐organized religiousness’ and ‘degree of comfort while providing spiritual care’. Other influencing factors are: ‘belief in God’, ‘belief in life after death’, ‘organized religiousness’, ‘profession’, and ‘the perceived degree of education in spiritual care’.Relevance to clinical practice.  Knowledge of attitudes towards spiritual care among nursing staff and factors influencing these attitudes will improve the possibilities of meeting the spiritual needs of patients.
The impact of empirical studies of spirituality and culture on nurse education
Authors: Narayanasamy Aru 
Published: June 2006

Aims and objectives.  The aim of this paper is to share reflectively how my empirical studies on spirituality and culture have had an impact upon nurse education.Background.  Spirituality and cultural dimensions of care are considered to be integral to holistic care. The healing potentials of spiritual and cultural care are well documented. The commitment to the research programme came due to the concern within early literature on nursing that the provision of spiritual care for patients is inadequate.Methods.  The research programme used action research comprising largely qualitative approaches. As the holistic and multiperspective nature of spirituality and culture requires a multidisciplinary approach and flexibility of methodology, various research techniques were used.Results.  The findings from the research programme led to the development of theories, models and conceptual literature on spiritual and cultural care. In particular, two models evolved from the studies: the ASSET for spiritual cares education and training and the ACCESS for transcultural care practice. The critical incident studies provide insights into nurses’ roles in spiritual care interventions. The phenomenological study highlights that chronically ill patients use spiritual strategies in coping with their illness.Conclusion.  Overall, the paper offers a body of evidence that has an impact upon curriculum development in nurse education and nursing practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  The ASSET model offers a framework for spiritual care education. The ACCESS model offers a framework for transcultural care practice. The critical incident studies map out nurses’ roles in spiritual and cultural care with scope for development of care intervention models for the future. The coping mechanisms study highlights how patients use spiritual coping strategies such as prayer and other resources to cope with their chronic illnesses.
The principal components model: a model for advancing spirituality and spiritual care within nursing and health care practice
Authors: Wilfred McSherry 
Published: June 2006

Aim.  The aim of this study was to generate a deeper understanding of the factors and forces that may inhibit or advance the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care within both nursing and health care.Background.  This manuscript presents a model that emerged from a qualitative study using grounded theory. Implementation and use of this model may assist all health care practitioners and organizations to advance the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care within their own sphere of practice. The model has been termed the principal components model because participants identified six components as being crucial to the advancement of spiritual health care.Design.  Grounded theory was used meaning that there was concurrent data collection and analysis. Theoretical sampling was used to develop the emerging theory. These processes, along with data analysis, open, axial and theoretical coding led to the identification of a core category and the construction of the principal components model.Methods.  Fifty‐three participants (24 men and 29 women) were recruited and all consented to be interviewed. The sample included nurses (n = 24), chaplains (n = 7), a social worker (n = 1), an occupational therapist (n = 1), physiotherapists (n = 2), patients (n = 14) and the public (n = 4). The investigation was conducted in three phases to substantiate the emerging theory and the development of the model.Results.  The principal components model contained six components: individuality, inclusivity, integrated, inter/intra‐disciplinary, innate and institution.Conclusion.  A great deal has been written on the concepts of spirituality and spiritual care. However, rhetoric alone will not remove some of the intrinsic and extrinsic barriers that are inhibiting the advancement of the spiritual dimension in terms of theory and practice.Relevance to clinical practice.  An awareness of and adherence to the principal components model may assist nurses and health care professionals to engage with and overcome some of the structural, organizational, political and social variables that are impacting upon spiritual care.
Nutrient acquisition and physiological responses of dominant Serengeti grasses to variation in soil texture and grazing
Authors: ANDERSON T. MICHAEL , DONG YAN , McNAUGHTON SAMUEL J. 
Published: June 2006

SummaryThemeda triandraandDigitaria macroblepharaare dominant grasses in the herbaceous layer of Serengeti National Park. Catena topography creates variation in soil texture and grazing that may have important physiological implications for these species. Through a combination of laboratory and field experiments, we tested whether variation in soil texture and grazing differentially affected growth, photosynthesis, leaf enzyme activities and nitrogen assimilation of the two species.In the laboratory, simulated grazing (weekly clipping at 7 cm above soil) increased photosynthesis and enzyme activities forD. macroblephara. Clipping also increased photosynthesis forT. triandra, but did not affect enzyme activity.D. macroblepharaandT. triandrawere affected oppositely by soil texture; enzyme activities and photosynthesis were greater forD. macroblepharain sandy soils but greater forT. triandrain fine‐textured soils.Across a natural catena gradient, species abundances ofD. macroblepharaandT. triandrawere negatively correlated with each other and related to grazing frequency in opposite ways,D. macroblepharapositively andT. triandranegatively. In a field experiment, rates ofuptake for unclipped plants ofD. macroblepharaandT. triandrawere similar and did not vary with soil texture. However, when clipped,uptake was stimulated in both species but in opposite ways across a gradient of percentage sand, positive forD. macroblepharaand negative forT. triandra.These results suggest that species responded to defoliation and variation in water availability created by different soil textures. At sites whereD. macroblepharaandT. triandraco‐occur, catena variation in soil texture and grazing may provide spatial variation in habitat suitability. Moreover, herbivory may promote species coexistence by facilitating differential physiological responses to topographic and soil heterogeneity.This study illustrates how interactions between a direct biotic process and an indirect environmental variable can cause different plant physiological responses that may promote species coexistence in a heterogeneous environment.