bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post-partum depression and the mother-infant relationship in a South African peri-urban settlement
Authors: Cooper Peter J. , Tomlinson Mark , Swartz Leslie , Woolgar Matthew , Murray Lynne , Molteno Christopher 
Published: October 2008

BackgroundPost-partum depression in the developing world has received tittle research attention, and its association with disturbances in the mother–infant relationship is unknown.AimsTo determine the prevalence of post-partum depression and associated disturbances in the mother–infant relationship in Khayelitsha, a South African peri-urban settlement.MethodThe mental state of 147 women who had delivered two months previously was assessed, and the quality of their engagement with their infants was determined.ResultsThe point prevalence of DSM–IV major depression was found to be 34.7%. Maternal depression was associated with poor emotional and practical support from the partner. It was also associated with insensitive engagement with the infants.ConclusionsThe rate of post-partum depression in Khayelitsha was around three times that found in British post-partum samples, and these depressions were strongly associated with disturbances in the mother–infant relationship.
Cetuximab Plus Irinotecan in Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Progressing on Irinotecan: MABEL Study
Authors: Wilke Hansjochen , Glynne-Jones Robert , Thaler Josef , Adenis Antoine , Preusser Peter , Aguilar Enrique Aranda , Aapro Matti S. , Esser Regina , Loos Anja H. , Siena Salvatore 
Published: October 2008

Purpose This large, multinational study aimed to confirm in a community practice setting the efficacy and safety of cetuximab plus irinotecan in patients with epidermal growth factor–expressing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who had recently failed an irinotecan-containing regimen. Patients and Methods The primary objective was to determine the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 12 weeks. The initial cetuximab dose was 400 mg/m2 and was followed weekly by 250 mg/m2; irinotecan (according to prestudy regimen) was given weekly (125 mg/m2 weekly for 4 of 6 weeks), every 2 weeks (180 mg/m2 each), or every 3 weeks (350 mg/m2 each). Results The intention-to-treat/safety population comprised 1,147 treated patients who received irinotecan weekly (n = 93); every 2 weeks (n = 670); every 3 weeks (n = 356); or another dose (n = 28). The PFS rate at 12 weeks was 61%, and the median survival was 9.2 months. Treatment was generally well tolerated. The most common treatment-related grades 3 to 4 adverse events were diarrhea (19%), neutropenia (10%), rash (7%), and asthenia (6%). The rate of grades 3 to 4 infusion-related reactions (IRRs; composite adverse event category) was 1% for patients who received both antihistamine and corticosteroid premedication. Conclusion Tolerability (except IRR incidence), PFS rate, and overall survival rate were in line with previous results. At 1%, the rate of IRRs in patients who received prophylactic premedication with both antihistamine and corticosteroid is lower than previously reported. MABEL clearly confirms in a community practice setting the efficacy and safety of cetuximab plus irinotecan in the treatment of mCRC.
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Is Associated with Tissue-Specific Differences in Insulin Resistance
Authors: Ciaraldi Theodore P. , Aroda Vanita , Mudaliar Sunder , Chang R. Jeffrey , Henry Robert R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractObjective: The potential differential contributions of skeletal muscle and adipose tissue to whole body insulin resistance were evaluated in subjects with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Research Design and Methods: Forty-two PCOS subjects and 15 body mass index-matched control subjects were studied. Insulin action was evaluated by the hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic clamp procedure. Isolated adipocytes and cultured muscle cells were analyzed for glucose transport activity; adipocytes, muscle tissue, and myotubes were analyzed for the expression and phosphorylation of insulin-signaling proteins.Results: Fifty-seven per cent of the PCOS subjects had impaired glucose tolerance and the lowest rate of maximal insulin-stimulated whole body glucose disposal compared to controls (P &lt; 0.01). PCOS subjects with normal glucose tolerance had intermediate reduction in glucose disposal rate (P &lt; 0.05 vs. both control and impaired glucose tolerance subjects). However, rates of maximal insulin-stimulated glucose transport (insulin responsiveness) into isolated adipocytes were comparable between all three groups, whereas PCOS subjects displayed impaired insulin sensitivity. In contrast, myotubes from PCOS subjects displayed reduced insulin responsiveness for glucose uptake and normal sensitivity. There were no differences between groups in the expression of glucose transporter 4 or insulin-signaling proteins or maximal insulin stimulation of phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle, myotubes, or adipocytes.Conclusions: Individuals with PCOS display impaired insulin responsiveness in skeletal muscle and myotubes, whereas isolated adipocytes display impaired insulin sensitivity but normal responsiveness. Skeletal muscle and adipose tissue contribute differently to insulin resistance in PCOS. Insulin resistance in PCOS cannot be accounted for by differences in the expression of selected signaling molecules or maximal phosphorylation of Akt.
The computerized object and abstract designs test (COAD): A pilot study of a new test of visual working memory
Authors: Price Jason P. 
Published: October 2008

ObjectivesTo investigate the clinical and theoretical validity of a new computerized test of visual working memory; the computerized object and abstract designs (COAD) test. The COAD test was designed to be consistent with Baddeley's inclusion of the ‘episodic buffer’ in the ‘multicomponent model’ of working memory.Design and methodA cross‐sectional design was used with two brain lesion groups (left N = 9 and right hemisphere N = 12) and a control group N = 18. The participants had to complete the new test, along with standardized tests of visual working memory in current clinical use (visual patterns test and spatial span test). Differences between groups, as well as between tests were investigated. Correlations were performed across tests. Regression models were used to further evaluate the COAD clinical sensitivity in comparison with the other tests of visual working memory.ResultsSignificant differences were observed, as predicted, between groups and between design types. The COAD test was significantly correlated with both the visual patterns Test and the spatial span test. The COAD test also proved to be more sensitive in detecting brain injury resulting in visual working memory deficits, than the standardized tests.Discussion and conclusionThe results are discussed in relation to the COAD test's potential utility in the early detection of specific degenerative neurological disorders as well as the potential to be used in identifying deficits in visual working memory and in neurorehabilitation. It is concluded that the COAD test is a clinically valid psychometric test and is a more sensitive instrument than current standardized tests of visual working memory in clinical use.
Autism Profiles of Males With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Harris Susan W. , Hessl David , Goodlin-Jones Beth , Ferranti Jessica , Bacalman Susan , Barbato Ingrid , Tassone Flora , Hagerman Paul J. , Herman Kristin , Hagerman Randi J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAutism, which is common in individuals with fragile X syndrome, is often difficult to diagnose. We compared the diagnostic classifications of two measures for autism diagnosis, the ADOS and the ADI-R, in addition to the DSM-IV-TR in 63 males with this syndrome. Overall, 30% of the subjects met criteria for autistic disorder and 30% met criteria for PDD-NOS. The classifications on the ADOS and DSM-IV-TR were most similar, whereas the ADI-R classified subjects as autistic much more frequently. We further investigated the relationship of both FMRP and FMR1 mRNA to symptoms of autism in this cohort and found no significant relationship between the measures of autism and molecular features, including FMRP, FMR1 mRNA, and CGG repeat number.
Evidence for Latent Classes of IQ in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Munson Jeffrey , Dawson Geraldine , Sterling Lindsey , Beauchaine Theodore , Zhou Andrew , Koehler Elizabeth , Lord Catherine , Rogers Sally , Sigman Marian , Estes Annette , Abbott Robert 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Autism is currently viewed as a spectrum condition that includes strikingly different severity levels; IQ is consistently described as one of the primary aspects of the heterogeneity in autism. To investigate the possibility of more than one distinct subtype of autism based on IQ, both latent class analysis and taxometrics methods were used to classify Mullen IQs in a sample of 456 children with autism spectrum disorder. We found evidence for multiple IQ-based subgroups using both methods. Groups differed in level of intellectual functioning and patterns of verbal versus nonverbal ability. Results support the notion of distinct subtypes of autism that differ in severity of intellectual ability, patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses, and severity of autism symptoms.
Memory Skills of Boys With Fragile X Syndrome
Authors: Ornstein Peter A. , Schaaf Jennifer M. , Hooper Stephen R. , Hatton Deborah D. , Mirrett Penny , Bailey Donald B. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Multiple aspects of memory were examined in 42 boys with fragile X syndrome and a comparison group of 42 typically developing boys matched on MA. Working memory, incidental memory, and deliberate memory were assessed with a battery that included both free-recall and recognition tasks. Findings indicated that boys with fragile X syndrome performed more poorly than their matches on most measures. The exception was free recall, in which their accuracy was equal to that of the control participants. Results from analyses of a subset of boys with fragile X syndrome who exhibit characteristics of autism and their MA matches, though preliminary, support the conclusion that memory deficits are especially marked in boys who have fragile X syndrome and evidence autistic behaviors.
Gatekeepers of Science: Attitudes Toward the Research Participation of Adults With Intellectual Disability
Authors: McDonald Katherine E. , Keys Christopher B. , Henry David B. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractResearchers and Institutional Review Board (IRB) members' attitudes influence scientific knowledge about individuals with intellectual disability. We recruited 260 intellectual disability researchers and IRB members to develop a measure of attitudes toward the research participation of adults with intellectual disability, the Participation in Research Attitude Scale. Findings suggest three conceptual domains: Opportunity and Choice, Help in Decision Making, and Beneficence. We also examined individual differences in attitudes and the relationships between general and specific attitudes. In general, intellectual disability researchers and those with closer relationships to individuals with disabilities had attitudes consistent with disability-rights principles. Some dimensions of global attitudes toward adults with intellectual disability predicted more specific attitudes toward their research participation. Implications are discussed.
The Effect of High-dose Topical Corticosteroid Therapy on Prevention of Recurrent Nasal Polyps after Revision Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kang Il Gyu , Yoon Byung Ki , Jung Joo Hyun , Cha Heung Eog , Kim Seon Tae 
Published: October 2008

Background Topical corticosteroid spray is widely used after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) to reduce the recurrence of polyposis. However, it has not always shown satisfactory results in clinical practice. We compared the effects of topical spray and high-dose topical steroid gauze packing on the prevention of recurrent nasal polyps after ESS. Methods We selected 32 patients with recurrent nasal polyps after ESS. In group 1, 18 patients were treated with topical steroid spray and in group 2,14 patients were treated with triamcinolone acetonide–soaked (40 mg) gauze packing once a week for 2 months after revision ESS. We observed the recurrence of polyps between the two groups for 12 months. Results Polyps recurred in 8 of 18 patients in group 1 compared with 1 of 14 patients in group 2 (p = 0.044). Conclusion High-dose topical corticosteroid therapy may be more effective than low-dose topical therapy in preventing recurrent nasal polyps.
Occupational Rhinitis in Damp and Moldy Workplaces
Authors: Karvala Kirsi , Nordman Henrik , Luukkonen Ritva , Nykyri Elina , Lappalainen Sanna , Hannu Timo , Toskala Elina 
Published: October 2008

Background Numerous studies confirm the association between exposure to indoor air dampness and molds and different health outcomes. Of these, upper respiratory tract problems are the most commonly reported work-related symptoms in damp indoor environments. The aim of this study was to describe a clinically investigated patient series with occupational rhinitis induced by molds. Methods Nasal provocation test (NPT) with commercial fungal allergens was performed in 369 patients during 1995–2004 at the Finnish Institute of Occupational Health. Of these, 60 (16%) were positive. In addition to positive NPT, the diagnosis of occupational rhinitis was based on verified exposure to molds, work-related nasal symptoms, and clinical investigations. We wanted to review the patient files of these 60 patients retrospectively, and 56 patients gave their informed consent. Results The mean age of the patients was 43.7 years (SD ∓ 9.5). Fifty (89.3%) patients were women. In 23% of the patients, IgE-mediated allergy to molds could be established. Atopy significantly increased IgE sensitization to molds (OR, 10.3 [95% CI, 2.0–52.5]). The most common mold to induce occupational rhinitis was Aspergillus fumigatus. Exposure time was over 5 years in 63% of the patients. Association between the IgE sensitization to molds and exposure level was statistically significant (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.046). Conclusion This is the first clinically investigated series on occupational rhinitis in relation to a moldy environment. Based on our findings, we conclude that molds growing in conjunction with moisture damages can induce occupational rhinitis. IgE-mediated allergy to molds was not common. Atopy and significant exposure level increased IgE sensitization to molds. zri00508
An Animal Model for Nasofrontal Duct Obstruction and Frontal Sinus Mucocele Formation
Authors: Maturo Stephen , Weitzel Erik , Brennan Joseph 
Published: October 2008

Background This study was performed to show occlusion of the nasofrontal duct and mucocele formation in a goat model. A pilot study was performed to investigate whether a goat is a suitable model for creating nasofrontal duct obstruction and mucocele formation. Methods Three adult goats underwent frontal sinus anterior table osteoplastic flap creation with identification and occlusion of the nasofrontal outflow tract with frontalis muscle plugging. Three months later, the goats were killed and gross examination of the frontal sinus, along with histopathological confirmation of mucocele formation, were performed. Results All animals showed mucocele formation on gross examination and histological sectioning. There was no gross or histological evidence of bony erosion. The nasofrontal outflow tracts remained occluded. Conclusion This study provides a suitable animal model for the investigation of nasofrontal outflow tract obstruction and mucocele formation in the frontal sinus. The goat frontal sinus and nasofrontal outflow tract provide an excellent model for frontal sinus studies because they are comparable in size with humans. The results provide evidence of mucocele formation with occluded nasofrontal outflow tracts.
The scent-diffusing ventilator for rehabilitation of olfactory function after laryngectomy
Authors: Goektas Oender , Fleiner Franca , Frieler Katja , Scherer Hans , Paschen Christian 
Published: October 2008

Background The larynx bypass (LB) is the only device capable of providing laryngectomy patients with the ability to smell. Our findings regarding one-time and long-term use did reveal an improved olfactory function in these patients. Because the LB is difficult to use, however, it is not appropriate for everyday use. Therefore, we devised a new instrument: the scent-diffusing ventilator (SV). Methods Between January 2006 and February 2007, we researched the olfactory function of 16 patients who had undergone a laryngectomy (13 men/3 women; median age, 63 years) by using the LB and the SV. Their olfactory function was measured with the Sniffin’ Sticks test battery. Further practicability of both methods was determined through a visual analog scale (1–10). Results The patients’ olfactory function significantly improved (SV median 8 versus LB median 7; p < 0.002). In addition, the SV was much easier to use than the LB (median, 6 versus 5; p < 0.001). Conclusion Further technical improvements are necessary to make the SV an established part of the rehabilitation of the olfactory function after laryngectomy.
Management of Retrobulbar Hematoma
Authors: Han Joseph K. , Caughey Robert J. , Gross Charlie W. , Newman Steve 
Published: October 2008

Background Retrobulbar hematoma (RH) is a complication that can result from both otolaryngic and ophthalmologic procedures. RH can occur during endoscopic sinus surgery and improper treatment can result in several morbidities, including visual loss. Despite serious consequences, management for RH is not well evaluated. However, lateral canthotomy with cantholysis is generally recommended. The objective of this study is to review the management for RH. Methods A retrospective study was performed at our tertiary hospital from 1979 to 2006 for patients with the ICD-9 code for orbital hematoma. The demographic information, comorbidities, presentation, management, follow-up period, and outcomes were evaluated. Data were analyzed. Results Twenty-two patients were identified with 13 male patients and an average age of 43 years (range, 11–80 years). The RH was broken into three categories: iatrogenic, six cases; trauma, eight cases; and spontaneous, eight cases. The most common symptom was diplopia followed by orbital pain. The average pretreatment and posttreatment tonometric pressures were 25.3 mm Hg (range, 11–60 mm Hg) and 14.5 mm Hg (range, 10–22 mm Hg), respectively. The average proptosis was 4.3 (range: 0–8) mm. Treatments were observation (13 cases), medical treatment alone (4 cases), and surgical treatment with and without medical treatment (5 cases). Sixty-eight percent of the patient's visual acuity improved with these treatments. Twenty-seven percent had no visual changes from the RH. The average follow-up was 5 years. Conclusion Traditionally, lateral canthotomy with cantholysis is recommended for the treatment for RH. However, in certain patients and settings, there may be an acceptable alternative option for the management of RH.
No Packing versus Packing after Endoscopic Sinus Surgery: Pursuit of Patients’ Comfort after Surgery
Authors: Mo Ji-Hun , Han Doo Hee , Shin Hyun-Woo , Cha Wonjae , Chang Mun-Young , Jin Hong-Ryul 
Published: October 2008

Background This study was designed to evaluate the necessity of postoperative nasal packing and to find factors relevant in determining if nasal packing was required after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Methods From January 2007 through June 2007, 64 consecutive patients who underwent ESS were evaluated. The decision whether or not to perform nasal packing depended on the surgeon's judgment of the bleeding after surgery. Demographic characteristics, medical history, disease extent, surgical procedures, and subjective and objective amount of intraoperative bleeding were analyzed. Postoperative symptoms and endoscopic findings were evaluated also. Results Forty-eight (75%) of the 64 patients included in this study did not have nasal packing after ESS. One patient from the no-packing group needed nasal packing postoperatively because of persistent nasal bleeding. Symptom scores of nasal obstruction and postnasal drip on the 1st postoperative day were lower in the no-packing group. In unilateral ESS cases, subjectively estimated blood loss and mucosal inflammation scores were lower in the no-packing group. It was observed that preoperative steroid use was more frequent in the packing group. All other parameters did not show significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion Nasal packing can be safely used less frequently to help the patients experience less discomfort after ESS. The need for nasal packing after ESS can be decided by judicious estimation of bleeding during and after the surgery.
The Use of Nasopharyngeal Airways for Airway Diversion in Anterior Craniofacial Resection
Authors: Lewis Carol M. , Lin Derrick T. , Curry William T. , Barker Fred G. , Deschler Daniel G. 
Published: October 2008

Background Tension pneumocephalus is an uncommon, but life-threatening, postoperative complication associated with craniofacial resection. This study was performed to evaluate our institution's experience using nasal trumpets for airway diversion. Methods A retrospective chart review was performed of patients who underwent anterior craniofacial resection (ACR) from 2000 to 2006. After Institutional Review Board approval, charts were reviewed with specific attention to short- and long-term complications. Results Twenty-two patients have undergone ACR since 2000 and had nasopharyngeal airways postoperatively. Nineteen patients (86.4%) were extubated on the day of surgery. Fourteen patients (63.6%) spent 1 day in an intensive care unit for observation. Nasal trumpets remained in place for an average of 7.3 days and patients had an average hospital stay of 7.4 days. Complications occurred in 14 patients (63.6%), with infection as the most common cause. No cases pneumocephalus, meningitis, epidural abscess, or bone flap loss occurred in this group of patients. Conclusion We present the use of nasopharyngeal airways in postoperative ACR patients as a successful method of airway diversion, which can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative pneumocephalus and related morbidity.