bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transitory subclinical and permanent hypothyroidism in the course of subacute thyroiditis (de Quervain)
Authors: Lio Serafino , Pontecorvi Alfredo , Caruso Michela , Monaco Fabrizio , D'Armiento Massimo 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Sixty-two patients affected with subacute thyroiditis (SAT) were followed for a mean period of 14 months (range 1–40), by monitoring thyroid hormone levels in basal condition, pituitary TSH reserve, antithyroglobulin (TgAb) and antimicrosomal antibodies (MsAb), in order to study the natural course of the disease and to characterize its intermediate phase.
In the first phase the mean serum iodothyronine levels were within normal limits, nevertheless elevated T3 and T4 levels were detected in 34 (54%) and 20 (32%) patients, respectively. The next phase was characterized by normal serum iodothyronine levels; TRH stimulation test, however, showed a significant increase of pituitary TSH reserve in 35 (56%) patients. All parameters reverted gradually towards normal in all but 3 patients, who showed overt permanent hypothyroidism.
TgAb and MsAb were positive in the early stage in 15 (24%) and 40 (64%) patients, respectively, disappearing at the end of the follow-up period in all but one patient; this particular patient belonged to the group of 3 patients affected with permanent hypothyroidism.
Our data indicate that the onset of SAT is characterized by transient hyperthyroidism and that transient subclinical hypothyroidism characterizes the next phase. TRH stimulation test is required for the diagnosis of the latter and for the identification of the few who develop permanent hypothyroidism.
Effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on pancreatic TRH-degrading activity and TRH concentrations in developing rat pancreas
Authors: Aratan-Spire Sonia , Wolf Bryan , Czernichow Paul 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. High concentrations of thyrotrophin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the rat pancreas were detected during the first few days of life decreasing thereafter while pancreatic TRH-degrading activity (TRH-DA) absent at birth appeared on day 14 and increased to reach adult values by day 21. This period of life is also remarkable by the low level of circulating thyroid hormones. Since TRH-degrading activity may be thyroid hormone dependent it was of interest to study the effects of thyroid status fluctuations both on TRH-DA and TRH content during the neonatal period.
In this study, hypo- and hyperthyroidism were induced by 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and triiodothyronine (T3) respectively. Pancreatic TRH-DA and TRH concentrations were measured at different ages from birth until day 29, in treated animals and results compared to control age-matched rats.
In hypothyroid rats, pancreatic TRH concentrations remained significantly higher after day 16 while TRH-DA was lower during the whole period studied. Following T3 treatment, pancreatic TRH concentrations decreased significantly from day 3 onwards. However, no significant changes were found for TRH-DA except a two-fold increase on day 28.
These results suggest that two different mechanisms may account for thyroid hormones action: 1) a direct effect on pancreatic TRH 2) an inductive saturable effect on TRH-DA. Furthermore a fine tuner modulatory role of TRH-DA on TRH concentrations cannot be excluded.
A comparison of the effects of semisynthetic human insulin and porcine insulin on transmembrane ion shifts and glucose metabolism during euglycaemic clamping
Authors: Heine R.J. , Ponchner M. , Hanning I. , Home P. D. , Brown M. , Williams D. , Alberti K. G. M. M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Disturbances of potassium, calcium, phosphate and magnesium homeostasis in diabetes mellitus are well documented. We have compared the effects of semisynthetic human and pancreatic porcine insulin on transmembrane shifts of these ions, and on glucose metabolism, at two insulin infusion rates, 20 and 50 mU/kg/h, during euglycaemic clamping for 2 h in 6 normal volunteers. The glucose requirements and the changes in blood metabolite concentrations were not significantly different during the porcine and human insulin infusions.
Serum potassium levels, however, showed a significant greater decline with infusions of porcine insulin (4.2 ± 0.1 to 3.5 ± 0.1 mmol/l compared with human insulin (4.2 ± 0.1 to 3.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) 50 mU/kg/h (P < 0.05). Potasssium levels were significantly lower during the porcine insulin infusion at 105 and 120 min and at 15 and 30 min after stopping the infusion.
Electrocardiographic T-wave voltage decreased during the porcine and human insulin infusion by 0.13 ± 0.02 and 0.10 ± 0.01 mV, respectively (P < 0.02). Changes in serum levels of magnesium, calcium, phosphate, and red blood cell concentrations of magnesium and 2,3-DPG, were not significantly different between the insulins.
Thus a small but significant greater decline in potassium levels with similar glucose requirements was found during iv administration of porcine insulin compared with human insulin.
Effects of increase of brain GABA levels on the hypothalamic-pituitary-luteinizing hormone axis in rats
Authors: Donoso Alfredo O. , Banzan Arturo M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The effects of increasing brain GABA levels by administration of aminooxyacetic acid (AOAA), a GABA-transaminase inhibitor, on tonic and induced LH release were evaluated in ovariectomized rats.
Pulsatile LH release was clearly inhibited by AOAA. Mean plasma LH levels fell, the frequently of pulses decreased, and the intervals between pulses increased. An absence of LH pulses was seen in some animals. Administration of the GABA antagonist, bicuculline, prevented these modifications. In addition, it enhanced mean plasma LH levels.
AOAA blunted the rise of plasma LH levels produced by either oestradiol or progesterone in oestradiol-primed ovariectomized rats. In contrast, the AOAA treatment apparently facilitated the inhibitory feedback of oestradiol on LH release. The acute release of LH produced by LRH injection was not altered by AOAA.
The results support the view that brain GABA exerts an inhibitory action on LH release in the rat.
The dependence of human decidual prolactin production and secretion on the osmotic environment in vitro
Authors: Andersen Jesper Rye , Borggaard Birgit , Schroeder Erik , Olsen Elith Bjarne , Stimpel Hans , Nyholm Henrik Christian 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Human decidual tissue from uncomplicated term pregnancies was incubated in vitro using a cross-over design of incubation lasting for 72 h. The decidual tissue of each membrane was added sequentially to media with the osmolalities 252, 315 and 387 mmol/kg, and the different osmolalities were in 33 experiments induced by changing the concentration either of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol, sucrose, or choline chloride.
At 387 mmol/kg all substances elicited a significant increase in Prl secretion compared with the 315 mmol/kg media (14–27%) or the 252 mmol/kg media (26–46%). When the sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sucrose, and choline chloride media at 387 mmol/kg were compared in another 7 experiments, potassium chloride increased Prl secretion more effectively than the others (10%, P < 0.05).
The incubation cross-over design did not permit determination of the decidual Prl content after incubation in each of the various media, but in 28 experiments the mean decidual Prl content was 12.7 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (range 4–30) before and 8.7 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (1–17) after the experiments. The mean amount of Prl secreted during the successive incubations was 152.2 mIU per 100 mg dry tissue (19–672) which showed the secretion to be a result of continued Prl production. The effect of osmolality was independent of the basal production rate. These results indicate that the intracellular ionic concentrations, probably of potassium ion or of chloride ion, are of importance in the regulation of the synthesis and secretion of decidual Prl in vitro.
Changes in nephrogenous cyclic AMP excretion and plasma cyclic AMP following treatment of hyperthyroidism
Authors: Naafs M. A. B. , van der Velden P. C. , Fischer H. R. A. , Koorevaar G. , van Duin S. , Hackeng W. H. L. , Schopman W. , Silberbusch J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Plasma cyclic AMP (PcAMP) concentration and the excretion of cyclic AMP dl GF were estimated in 11 thyrotoxic patients before and after medical treatment.
PcAMP concentrations were significantly higher during hyperthyroidism (2.30 ± 0.69 vs 1.88 ± 0.71 nmoldl; P < 0.05), and total urinary cyclic AMP (TcAMP) excretion showed no significant changes (3.24 ± 0.64 vs 3.44 ± 1.77 nmol/dl GF). Nephrogenous (NcAMP) excretion rose significantly (1.00 ±0.82 vs 1.68 ±1.31 mmol/dl GF; P < 0.025). The increase in NcAMP excretion correlated significantly with the decrease in serum T3 levels (r = -0.46; P < 0.05). Serum iPTH levels showed no significant change. Both the serum Ca, corrected for serum total protein and TmPO4 GFR declined after treatment (respectively 2.44 ± 0.13 vs 2.33 ± 0.08 mmol l; P <0.05 and 1.18 ± 0.29 vs 1.05 ±0.22 mmol/l; P < 0.05). It is concluded that the rise in NcAMP excretion corroborates the concept of increasing parathyroid activity following the treatment of hyperthyroidism.
The distribution of immunoglobulin-containing cells in human autoimmune thyroiditis
Authors: Wilkin T. J. , Casey C. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) staining method was used to identify immunoglobulin-containing cells in the lvmphoid infiltrates of thyroids removed from patients with Hashimoto's autoimmune thyroiditis. A composite picture of the distribution of such cells in the thyroid infiltrate was obtained by carefully superimposing cell-distribution maps from serial histological sections, each stained for a different immunoglobulin class.
Ig-containing cells were present to varying extents in all areas of the gland, but were most dense in areas of epithelial 'invasion'. IgG was the commonest immunoglobulin, but there were more cells containing IgD and IgE than IgA or IgM. Both λ and K light chains were identified in cells occupying the follicle centres.
Lymphoid follicle structure was strikingly similar to that described previously for gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), and the theory is advanced that autoimmune thyroiditis represents a form of ectopic GALT in which B-cells, which normally home on markers in the gut, are attracted instead to antigenically active sites in the thyroid.
Evaluation of treated acromegalic patients with normal growth hormone levels during oral glucose load
Authors: Rieu Max , Kuhn Jean-Marc , Bricaire Henri , Luton Jean-Pierre 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Twenty-one treated acromegalics with plasma GH levels ≤ 5 ng/ml were evaluated during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF) levels, measured by a competitive binding assay, were high in 10, normal in 8 and low in 3 patients. Urinary calcium excretion (Ca U), measured over 24 h, was elevated in 9 of the 10 patients whose IGF levels were high, whereas only 1 of the patients with normal or low IGF levels was hypercalciuric. A paradoxical rise in GH following TRH injection was observed in 5 of the 10 patients whose IGF levels were high, whereas all patients with normal or low IGF levels showed no GH response to TRH. GH levels ≥ 10 ng/ml occurred during ornithine (ORN) administration in 6 of the 18 patients with normal or high IGF levels. The remaining 12 patients with no GH rise during ORN included 2 cases in which IGF levels were high and GH rose following TRH, and 2 cases in which IGF levels were normal and GH levels were ≥ 10 ng/ml during insulin-induced hypoglycaemia (IIH), thus excluding a GH deficiency.
These results show that acromegaly is not cured in certain treated patients with normal GH levels during OGTT. It seems that IGF and Ca U determinations are valuable indices of activity, in contrast to GH response to ORN. The GH response to TRH is also relatively useful.
Immunoreactive IGF-II in serum of healthy subjects and patients with growth hormone disturbances and uraemia
Authors: Enberg Gösta , Hall Kerstin 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. A radioimmunoassay has been developed for IGF-II, using Sepharose-coupled antibodies. Porcine insulin, human insulin and human proinsulin showed no cross-reaction, whereas the cross-reaction for IGF-I was 10%. To minimize the influence of the binding protein(s), all serum samples were extracted with acid ethanol before assay.
The mean serum level of immunoreactive IGF-II and 95% confidence limit in 46 healthy adults were 587 ng/ml and 354–974 ng/ml, respectively. In contrast to the declining levels of IGF-I with increasing age, no such age-dependent decrease was found for IGF-II levels between 20 to 70 years. No difference in IGF-II levels was found between patients with acromegaly and healthy adult controls. In cord serum and serum from adult patients with GH deficiency the levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001) compared to controls. In diabetic patients with uraemia the mean level and 95% confidence limit were 1222 ng/ml and 532–2808 ng/ml, respectively. Thus, significantly increased serum levels of immunoreactive IGF-II have only been found in serum from patients with uraemia. Whether this is due to an increased production of IGF-II, or secondary to other factors such as the binding protein(s), will require further investigation.
A stimulation test with calcitonin for differential diagnosis of hypercalcaemia
Authors: Benson Lars , Wide Leif , Åkerström Göran , Ljunghall Sverker 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Experimental studies have suggested that in primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) the cells of the hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissue retain some capacity for stimulation and that an increase in secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) can occur when the extracellular calcium concentration is lowered within the hypercalcaemic range.
We have tested this hypothesis in 23 patients with HPT, 10 patients with hypercalcaemia of other origin (7 of whom had disseminated malignant disease) and 17 normal subjects.
In all three groups a single injection of 100 MRC units of salmon calcitonin caused a reduction in serum calcium of approximately 3 to 5%. In the hypercalcaemic patients this reduction was correlated to the basal calcium level (r = −0.57, P < 0.01). In the patients with HPT, although they all remained hypercalcaemic, the decrease in serum calcium was associated with a mean increase in serum PTH of 10%. Only in 2 patients did such an increase fail to occur despite an adequate decrease in serum calcium. These 2 patients had high basal PTH levels and the lack of response might have been due to a high degree of autonomous parathyroid function. Calcitonin also reduced serum calcium and increased serum PTH in normal subjects.
None of the patients with hypercalcaemia of other origin than primary HPT displayed a secretory PTH response to serum calcium reduction.
Thus, this test could be of practical clinical value, particularly in patients with borderline PTH values. A calcitonin-induced rise in PTH while serum calcium is lowered within the hypercalcaemic range strongly suggests primary HPT.
X-chromatin in congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Mendonça B. B. , Zogno M. A. , Wajchenberg B. L. , Giannella-Neto D. , Toledo S. P. A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. X-chromatin body (XCB) frequencies in oral mucosa were investigated in 14 female patients with the simple non-salt-losing form of congenital virilizing adrenal hyperplasia (CVAH) due to 'partial' 21-hydroxylase deficiency (CVAH-type I), using toluidine blue (TBS) and Feulgen's stains (FS).
They were found to be lower than normal controls by both TBS (12.6 ± 1.73 vs 18.38 ± 0.41) and FS (13.60 ± 2.16 vs 17.94 ± 0.76) methods. After 4–5 weeks on glucocorticoid therapy, XCB frequencies overlapped with those of normal controls using both TBS (16.54 ± 1.76) and FS (17.09 ± 1.98). Karyotypes performed in 8 of the 14 cases showed a normal female pattern.
Two possible interpretations are proposed: First, variations of XCB counts may reflect the average nuclear size of the cell populations studied. Second, high androgen levels found in untreated cases with CVAH-type I might lead to partial chromosome depiralization and increasing euchromatic areas. At present the first possibility appears more likely.
Effect of ACTH on endogenous steroid biosynthesis in long-term primary cultures from newborn rat adrenal cells
Authors: Ramirez Leyla C. , Millot Claire , Maume Bernard F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Normal newborn rat adrenal cells kept in primary culture up to 2½ months respond to ACTH stimulation and produced corticosteroid hormones and smaller amounts of 20α-reduced progesterone metabolites. Cholesterol from the serum complemented culture medium serves as precursor without further addition of exogenous steroid substrates. A long-term qualitative and quantitative study of individual steroid production under the influence of ACTH was performed.
ACTH treatment produced a triphasic effect on steroid production: an induction period (up to 3 days), an acute maximum production period (3rd to 6th day) and a chronic production period (to the end of the treatment). The increase in total steroid production resulted from the increase in the production of corticosteroids only. This indicated an increase of cholesterol side-chain cleavage and of the 21- and 11β/18-steroid hydroxylations. Removal of ACTH led to a reversible drop in total steroid production. The response to ACTH was dose dependent, so that a 2.2 mU/ml dose elicited lower steroid production than the 6.6 or 22 mU/ml doses. Increasing the lower dose after a week of treatment to a higher dose brought total steroid production and 1 1β/18-steroid hydroxylation up to the corresponding chronic production levels. The 20α-steroid reduction system was not affected by ACTH.
ACTH changes the importance of the two main steroidogenic pathways. With no ACTH there is approximately a 1:1 ratio between corticosteroid synthesis and progesterone reductive metabolism; a low dose of ACTH increases the total steroid production, but since corticosteroid production and 20α-reduced metabolites both increase, the ratio changes little; a high dose of ACTH increases the ratio to more than 30:1.
Refractoriness or desensitization to ACTH is postulated to occur through the control of cholesterol availability inside the cell possibly combined with a control of its utilization for steroidogenesis.
Restoration of LH pulsatility in patients with prolactinomas after trans-sphenoidal surgery
Authors: Koizumi Kiyoshi , Aono Toshihiro , Koike Koji , Kurachi Keiichi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. In hyperprolactinaemic patients with amenorrhoea, pulsatile secretion of LH is reported to be infrequent or absent. For further assessment of the effect of prolactin (Prl) on LH pulsatility, the serum gonadotrophin concentration was determined at 15 min intervals for 180 min in 12 patients with prolactinomas before treatment and in 6 patients who showed normalization of the Prl level after trans-sphenoidal surgery.
Surgical treatment caused a significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the mean (± se) serum Prl level from 519 ± 152 to 9.2 ± 1.4 ng/ml. The mean LH level (7.3 ± 1.2 mIU/ml) before treatment was significantly increased (P < 0.05) after trans-sphenoidal surgery (12.7 ± 2.4 mIU/ml). An LH spike was defined as an LH concentration that exceeded the mean LH level over the study period by 2 sd of the intra-assay variation, achieving a level of above 10 mIU/ml. LH spikes were observed in 2 of 12 patients (16.7%) before treatment, and in 5 of 6 patients (83.3%) after trans-sphenoidal surgery, the difference being significant (P < 0.05).
These results suggest that hyperprolactinaemia in prolactinoma patients may cause impaired LH pulsatile secretion and that this derangement can be reversed by reduction of the Prl level by adenomectomy.
Human and porcine insulins are equally effective in the regulation of glucose kinetics of diabetic patients during exercise
Authors: Koivisto Veikko A. , Pelkonen Risto , Nikkilä Esko A. , Heding Lise G. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. The rate of hepatic glucose production (Ra) and peripheral utilization (Rd) was determined in 8 insulin-dependent diabetic subjects in basal state and during 40 min cycle ergometric exercise. The patients were treated with continuous sc infusion of either semisynthetic human or porcine (Actrapid®) insulin. Basal rate of glucose production was comparable during human (2.29 ± 0.19 mg/kg/min) and porcine (2.18 ± 0.12 mg/kg/min) insulin therapy. In response to exercise, Ra rose 30 to 40% (P < 0.05), to 2.85 ± 0.35 vs 3.18 ± 0.42 mg/kg/min, similarly during both studies. The peak rise in Rd (to 3.20 ± 0.32 during human vs 3.78 ± 0.44 mg/kg/min during porcine insulin) was comparable in both groups and not significantly different from the rise in Ra. Consequently, blood glucose levels remained unchanged. During the exercise tests, the metabolic conditions were stable and comparable in both studies, as indicated by similar levels of blood glucose, plasma free insulin HbA1, serum lipids and insulin binding to erythrocytes.
In conclusion, semisynthetic human insulin is equally effective as porcine insulin in regulating glucose kinetics in the basal state and during exercise.
A neonatal mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Japan
Authors: Shimozawa Kazuhiko , Saisho Sumitaka , Saito Nobuchika , Yata Jun-ichi , Igarashi Yoshio , Hikita Yoshinori , Irie Minoru , Okada Kazuchika 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. A pilot neonatal mass-screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21-OHD) was performed in the western region of Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan, using a simplified radioimmunoassay method for 'Disc-17-hydroxyprogesterone (17-OHP)' determination. The results obtained during a 30-month period indicated that 3 infants out of the 34314 neonates examined were proved to have 21-OHD, and the incidence of homozygotes and heterozygotes were estimated to be 1:11438 and 1:54, respectively. At the time of recall, the concentrations of plasma 17-OHP and 21-deoxycortisol and their urine metabolites as well as plasma sodium levels were quite applicable to diagnosis, while the clinical signs that may be manifest in 21-OHD were of little value in this connection. Prematurity and perinatal complications of neonates tended to give false-positive results, being secondary to the function of the residual foetal adrenal cortex and non-specific stimulatory effects of various stresses.
Despite several technical and practical problems to be solved, the present study demonstrated the importance and validity of a neonatal mass-screening program for CAH.
Pituitary and gonadal function in pubertal and adult male rabbits with pseudohermaphroditism secondary to immunization of mothers against testosterone
Authors: Veyssière G. , Berger M. , Jean-Faucher Ch. , de Turckheim M. , Jean Cl. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract. Pituitary and testicular function was studied in pubertal and adult rabbits with pseudohermaphroditism secondary to immunization of mothers against testosterone. Circulating testosterone, LH and FSH levels showed a developmental pattern during sexual maturation, similar to that observed in controls. Plasma FSH levels were elevated in male pseudohermaphrodites despite normal plasma testosterone concentrations. Fighting, male sexual behaviour and coitus occurred normally as in controls.
The testicular response to endogenous elevated LH levels and the pituitary LH and FSH responses to LRH injection and to castration were similar in affected males and in controls. These observations suggest that inhibition of the central effects of androgens during the embryonic and perinatal period has little or no effect on the differentiation and maturation of the hypothalamo-pituitary-testicular axis in rabbit.