bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Human papillomavirus type distribution in anal cancer and anal intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Hoots Brooke E. , Palefsky Joel M. , Pimenta Jeanne M. , Smith Jennifer S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA systematic review was conducted of HPV type distribution in anal cancer and anal high‐grade and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL and LSIL). A Medline search of studies using PCR or hybrid capture for HPV DNA detection was completed. A total of 1,824 cases were included: 992 invasive anal cancers, 472 HSIL cases and 360 LSIL cases. Crude HPV prevalence in anal cancer, HSIL, and LSIL was 71, 91 and 88%, respectively. HPV16/18 prevalence was 72% in invasive anal cancer, 69% in HSIL and 27% in LSIL. The HPV 16 and/or 18 prevalence in invasive anal cancer cases was similar to that reported in invasive cervical cancer. If ongoing clinical trials show efficacy in preventing anal HPV infection and associated anal lesions, prophylactic HPV vaccines may play an important role for the primary prevention of these cancers in both genders. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Homeobox gene HOPX is epigenetically silenced in human uterine endometrial cancer and suppresses estrogen‐stimulated proliferation of cancer cells by inhibiting serum response factor
Authors: Yamaguchi Shinichiro , Asanoma Kazuo , Takao Tomoka , Kato Kiyoko , Wake Norio 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHOPX (homeodomain only protein X) is a newly identified homeobox gene whose loss of expression has been reported for several types of neoplasm. Although we found most human uterine endometrial cancers (HEC) defective in HOPX expression, genetic mutations in the HOPX gene were undetectable. As is the case with several tumor suppressor genes, the promoter region of HOPX is densely methylated in HEC tissue samples obtained by laser capture microdissection. HOPX mRNA and protein levels were reduced in the majority of samples, and this correlated with hypermethylation of the HOPX promoter. Forced expression of HOPX resulted in a partial block in cell proliferation, in vivo tumorigenicity and c‐fos gene expression in HEC and MCF7 cells in response to 17β‐estradiol (E2) stimulation. Analysis of the serum response element (SRE) of c‐fos gene promoter showed that the effect of HOPX expression is associated with inhibition of E2‐induced c‐fos activation through the serum response factor (SRF) motif. Knockdown of HOPX in immortalized human endometrial cells resulted in accelerated proliferation. Our study indicates that transcriptional silencing of HOPX results from hypermethylation of the HOPpromoter, which leads to HEC development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cell‐type specific evaluation of biocompatibility of commercially available polyurethanes
Authors: Lehle Karla , Stock Martin , Schmid Thomas , Schopka Simon , Straub Rainer H. , Schmid Christof 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe biocompatibility of different commercially available poly(ether)urethane (PUR), medically used as main component for pump chambers of implantable ventricular assist devices (VAD), was evaluated. We investigated the influence of the PUR manufacturing process in an in vitro cytotoxicity screening assay. Human saphenous vein endothelial cells (HSVEC) and a mouse fibroblast cell line (L929) were cultivated with different PUR specimens. Tissue‐cultured polystyrole (TCP) was used as a reference. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated by morphology (phase contrast microscopy), cell viability (mitochondrial acitvity), cell growth kinetics, and proliferation (incorporation of 3H‐methyl‐thymidine) tests. Fibronectin‐coating guaranteed the adhesion of both cell types onto the reference material. Sterilization procedure of test materials did not affect adhesion properties. L929 completely covered the surfaces of Tecothane®, Carbothane®, and Mecora specimens, whereas HSVEC formed an imperfect monolayer onto the PUR. The mitochondrial activity was reduced in all cell types attached to PUR. In addition, proliferation of cells was not observed when using these materials. Commercially available PUR provided an unfavorable support for colonization of patient‐derived HSVEC, which demanded a surface modification. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2009
Individual‐level influences on perceptions of neighborhood disorder: a multilevel analysis
Authors: Latkin Carl A. , German Danielle , Hua Wei , Curry Aaron D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractHealth outcomes are associated with aggregate neighborhood measures and individual neighborhood perceptions. In this study, the authors sought to delineate individual, social network, and spatial factors that may influence perceptions of neighborhood disorder. Multilevel regression analysis showed that neighborhood perceptions were more negative in neighborhoods with higher crime reports. Controlling for neighborhood crime, higher perceptions of disorder were associated with younger age, no main partner, nondrug use, higher depression, more network drug use, and more time on the street. Results suggest that neighborhood perceptions are based on objective factors, individual differences in experiences, and experience of others. Accounting for individual and community‐level factors associated with neighborhood perceptions may help clarify associations between neighborhood factors and physical and mental health and assist community‐planning efforts. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimized protocol of a frequency domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscope for FRET measurements
Authors: Leray Aymeric , Riquet Franck B. , Richard Elodie , Spriet Corentin , Trinel Dave , Héliot Laurent 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFrequency‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has become a commonly used technique to measure lifetimes in biological systems. However, lifetime measurements are strongly dependent on numerous experimental parameters. Here, we describe a complete calibration and characterization of a FLIM system and suggest parameter optimization for minimizing measurement errors during acquisition. We used standard fluorescent molecules and reference biological samples, exhibiting both single and multiple lifetime components, to calibrate and evaluate our frequency domain FLIM system. We identify several sources of lifetime precision degradation that may occur in FLIM measurements. Following a rigorous calibration of the system and a careful optimization of the acquisition parameters, we demonstrate fluorescence lifetime measurements accuracy and reliability. In addition, we show its potential on living cells by visualizing FRET in CHO cells. The proposed calibration and optimization protocol is suitable for the measurement of multiple lifetime components sample and is applicable to any frequency domain FLIM system. Using this method on our FLIM microscope enabled us to obtain the best fluorescence lifetime precision accessible with such a system. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sleep in hospitalized medical patients, Part 1: Factors affecting sleep
Authors: Young Julie S. , Bourgeois James A. , Hilty Donald M. , Hardin Kimberly A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND:Multiple factors lead to sleep disturbances in hospitalized medical patients. Inadequate sleep can lead to both psychological and physiological consequences.METHODS:A PubMed search was conducted using the terms: (“sleep deprivation,” “sleep,” or “insomnia”) and (“hospitalized,” “inpatient,” “critical illness,” or “acute illness”) to review the published data on the topic of sleep in hospitalized medical patients. The search was limited to English‐language articles published between 1997 and 2008. Subsequent PubMed searches were performed to clarify the data described in the initial search, including the terms “hospital noise,” “hospital environment,” “obstructive sleep apnea,” and “heart failure.”RESULTS:Few articles specifically addressed the topic of sleep in hospitalized medical patients. Data were limited to observational studies that included outcomes such as sleep complaints and staff logs of wakefulness and sleep. In Part 1, we review normal sleep architecture, and discuss how major medical disorders, the hospital environment, and medications can disrupt sleep during hospitalization. In Part 2, we will propose an evaluation and treatment algorithm to optimize sleep in hospitalized medical patients.CONCLUSIONS:Hospitalization may severely disrupt sleep, which can worsen pain, cardiorespiratory status, and the psychiatric health of acutely ill patients. Like vital signs, the patient sleep quality reveals much about patients' overall well‐being, and should be a routine part of medical evaluation. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2008;3(6):473–482. © 2008 Society of Hospital Medicine.
Radiochemical and biological evaluation of novel 153Sm/166Ho‐amino acid–chitosan complexes
Authors: Marques F. , Gano L. , Batista M. K. S. , Gomes C. A. R. , Gomes P. , Santos I. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract153Sm/166Ho‐chitosan complexes have been considered promising agents for internal radiation therapy. By direct administration, complexes solution converts into a gel, at physiological pH, allowing its retention for a long time. Herein, we report on the synthesis of 153Sm/166Ho complexes with the novel amino acid–chitosan polymers, N‐(γ‐propanoyl‐valin)–chitosan (CHICO‐val) and N‐(γ‐propanoyl‐aspartic acid)–chitosan (CHICO‐asp). The main goal of this study was to obtain data on the radiochemical and biological behaviour of these complexes and information regarding their therapeutic potential when compared to 153Sm/166Ho‐chitosan. Radiolabelling yield of 153Sm/166Ho‐amino acid–chitosan complexes was dependent on polymer concentration but less dependent on pH. Radiochemical stability was shown to be higher for amino acid–chitosans than for chitosan, with 153Sm/166Ho‐CHICO‐val being stable up to 3 h, while 153Sm/166Ho‐CHICO‐asp is stable up to 24 h. In the presence of ascorbic acid radiochemical stability of 153Sm/166Ho‐CHICO‐val and 153Sm/166Ho‐CHICO was improved, decreasing for 153Sm/166Ho‐CHICO‐asp. In vivo behaviour of 153Sm complexes was studied in mice. The radioactive amino acid–chitosans can be directly injected into blood stream without significant retention on injection site, being trapped by liver. Biodistribution studies suggest that the radioactive amino acid–chitosans, due to its water solubility and stability may be considered potential candidates to be further explored for liver targeted nuclear therapy. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sexual dimorphism of oligodendrocytes is mediated by differential regulation of signaling pathways
Authors: Swamydas Muthulekha , Bessert Denise , Skoff Robert 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSexual dimorphism of white matter has not been considered important, the assumption being that sex hormones are not essential for glial development. We recently showed exogenous hormones in vivo differentially regulate in male and female rodents the life span of oligodendrocytes (Olgs) and amount of myelin (Cerghet et al. [2006] J. Neurosci. 26:1439–1447). To determine which hormones regulate male and female Olg development, we prepared enriched Olg cultures grown in serum‐free medium with estrogen (E2), progesterone (P2), and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or their combinations. P2 significantly increased the number of Olgs in both sexes, but more so in females; E2 had minor effects on Olg numbers; and DHT reduced Olgs numbers in both sexes, but more so in females. Combinations of hormones affected Olg numbers differently from single hormones. The change in Olg numbers was due to changes not in proliferation but rather in survival. P2 increased pAKT by many‐fold, but MAPK levels were unchanged, indicating that activation of the Akt pathway by P2 is sufficient to regulate Olg differentiation. DHT reduced pAkt in both sexes but differentially increased pMAPK in males and decreased it in females. Stressing Olgs reveals that both sexes are protected by P2, but females are slightly better protected than males. Females always showed greater differences than males regarding changes in Olg numbers and in signaling molecules. Given the greater fluctuation of neurosteroids in women than in men and the higher incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in women, these sexually dimorphic differences may contribute to differences in male and female MS lesions. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Aluminum‐induced defective mitochondrial metabolism perturbs cytoskeletal dynamics in human astrocytoma cells
Authors: Lemire J. , Mailloux R. , Puiseux‐Dao S. , Appanna V. D. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough aluminum (Al), a known environmental toxin, has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, the molecular mechanism responsible for these conditions is not fully understood. In this report, we demonstrate the ability of Al to trigger mitochondrial dysfunction and ineffective adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production. This situation severely affected cytoskeletal dynamics. Whereas the control cells had well‐defined structures, the Al‐exposed astrocytoma cells appeared as globular structures. Creatine kinase (CK) and profilin‐2, two critical modulators of cellular morphology, were markedly diminished in the astrocytoma cells treated with Al. Antioxidants such as α‐ketoglutarate and N‐acetylcysteine mitigated the occurrence of the globular‐shaped cells promoted by Al toxicity. Taken together, these data reveal an intricate link between ATP metabolism and astrocytic dysfunction and provide molecular insights into the pathogenesis of Al‐induced neurological diseases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extended lymphadenectomy in the surgery of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and its relation to quality improvement issues
Authors: Rupp Christopher C. , Linehan David C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExtended lymphadenectomy has been proposed for loco‐regional control of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. While retrospective series suggested a benefit, subsequent prospective trials have not shown a survival benefit. Methods to improve loco‐regional control of pancreatic body/tail cancer have not been extensively investigated. Lymph node status is an important surrogate of survival but is not a driving factor for adjuvant chemotherapy. Quality improvement in pancreatic cancer surgery is discussed, focusing on the impact of lymph nodes in determining prognosis. J. Surg. Oncol. 2009;99:207–214. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biodegradable Multiblock Copolymers Based on Oligodepsipeptides with Shape‐Memory Properties
Authors: Feng Yakai , Behl Marc , Kelch Steffen , Lendlein Andreas 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThermoplastic phase‐segregated multiblock copolymers with polydepsipeptides and PCL segments were prepared via coupling of diol and PCL‐diol using an aliphatic diisocyanate. The obtained multiblock copolymers showed good elastic properties and a shape memory. Almost complete fixation of the mechanical deformation, resulting in quantitative recovery of the permanent shape with a switching temperature around body temperature, was observed. In hydrolytic degradation experiments, a quick decrease of the molecular weight without induction period was observed, and the material changed from elastic to brittle in 21 d. These materials promise a high potential for biomedical applications such as smart implants or medical devices.magnified image
Corrosion protection of sintered NdFeB magnets by CAPVD Ti2N coating
Authors: Ali A. , Ahmad A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSintered NdFeB magnets have poor corrosion resistance and are readily susceptible to corrosion under different environmental conditions. Cathodic arc physical vapour deposited (CAPVD) titanium nitride coating for sintered NdFeB permanent magnets has been investigated in this paper. Tafel extrapolation was employed to study the corrosion behaviour in 3.5% NaCl solution at ambient temperature. The adhesive strength of the coating was estimated with the help of the scratch test. The surface chemistry and coating morphologies were studied with scanning electron microscope (SEM). X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) was used for qualitative phase analyses of coatings and substrate. The properties of CAPVD titanium nitride coating were compared with electrodeposited multilayer nickel–copper–nickel coating. It was figured out that the CAPVD titanium nitride coating had better adhesion strength and shifted the free corrosion potential (FCP) of the system towards positive potential, providing protection to the NdFeB substrate. However, the corrosion rate of CAPVD titanium nitride coating was more than the electrodeposited multilayer nickel–copper–nickel coating. The magnetic properties remained comparable.
Pitting corrosion transformation of SUS304 stainless steel in lithium bromide solution at high temperature
Authors: Chen H.‐X. , Ma X.‐H. , Chen J.‐B. , Bo S.‐S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe foundational data and rules of SUS304 corrosion in aqueous lithium bromide solution at 150–200 °C have been investigated by means of weight loss in this paper. The Taguchi method was chosen to investigate the effects of variables on corrosion at higher temperature. Concentration of dissolved oxygen was controlled by keeping the vessel pressure at 1.3 kPa (absolute) before the experiment. The results showed that there was a transformation tendency from pitting corrosion to general corrosion and transition concentration of pitting and film corrosion decreased with increase in solution temperature. The adsorption, activity, and diffusivity of bromine ion led to different corrosion modalities.
Supercritically‐Dried Alginate Aerogels Retain the Fibrillar Structure of the Hydrogels
Authors: Robitzer M. , David L. , Rochas C. , Di Renzo F. , Quignard F. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSummary: SAXS patterns of a Ca‐alginate hydrogel and of the derived alcogel and aerogel have been recorded. All patterns correspond to disordered arrays of rod‐like fibrils. The calculated size of the fibrils of the aerogel, 8 nm, is in good agreement with the results of scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption. The results suggest that ethanol exchange and CO2 supercritical drying do not affect the spatial organisation of the secondary structures of the gel and that characterisations of the aerogel can provide information on the organisation of the parent hydrogel.
Goal achievement provides new insights into interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome symptoms and outcomes
Authors: Payne Christopher , Allee Tina 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAimsGoal Assessment Scaling (GAS), wherein patients specify goals then evaluate treatments with regard to goal achievement, has proven utility in assessing treatment of complex conditions such as chronic pain, rheumatoid arthritis, and incontinence. We used surveys and focus groups to characterize the goals of patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) in order to create a pilot GAS.Methods37 patients with IC/PBS recorded and ranked their treatment goals which were pooled and analyzed for emergent domains and priority rankings. 15 patients participated in 3 separate focus groups. Focus group audiotapes were transcribed and reviewed to identify major themes and goals domains.Results140 separate goals were collected. Mean number of goals 4±2.73% had pain goals and 56% had frequency and/or nocturia goals. Focus groups revealed that urgency is a separate entity from pain or frequency and any of these may take priority. The groups defined urgency for IC/PBS patient as “the need to urinate due to an unpleasant sensation that prevents attention to any other task.” Additional goal domains of control, predictability, and information were explored. Unsatisfactory aspects of common urological surveys were discussed as well as positive and negative aspects of GAS.ConclusionsPatients have individualized treatment goals. GAS holds promise for addressing individuality in a standardized format. A new instrument developed from this work is being piloted in a multicenter RCT. We also suggest that questionnaires investigating urgency in IC/PBS clarify the definition in a way more applicable to the specific condition. Neurourol. Urodynam. 28:13–17, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fundraising in the new philanthropy environment: The benefits and challenges of working with giving circles
Authors: Eikenberry Angela M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article reports on an exploratory study to understand the impact of the new philanthropy on funding recipients by asking nonprofit professionals about their experiences working with giving circles. Giving circles are growing in number across the United States. They are attractive to new philanthropy donors who pool their resources and then decide together where to give them away. They also frequently include social, educational, and volunteer engagement components. Giving circles seem to be an important source of new and expanded resources for nonprofit organizations, but there are both benefits and challenges to working with giving circles that reveal several problematic tensions for nonprofit funding recipients, the philanthropic relationship, and society more broadly.
Characterization and control of plastic deformation in mesoscale premolded components to realize in‐mold assembled mesoscale revolute joints
Authors: Ananthanarayanan Arvind , Gupta Satyandra K. , Bruck Hugh A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis article reports a mold design strategy and a detailed mechanics‐based modeling approach to characterize and control the plastic deformation of premolded components during in‐mold assembly of mesoscale revolute joints. The following new results are reported in this article. First, a mesoscale mold design with varying cavity shape is described to perform in‐mold assembly of the mesoscale revolute joint. Second, a transient computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling approach to determine the forces experienced by the mesoscale parts due to injection molding is described. Finally, a mechanics‐based model approach developed using a combination of experimental materials property data and the CFD results as input to a finite element simulation of the deformation response of the mesoscale part is presented for the determination of critical mold design parameters that are necessary for repeatable fabrication of articulating mesoscale revolute joints. Using the advances reported in this article a mesoscale revolute joint has been successfully molded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of in‐mold assembly process using a varying cavity shape mold tocreate an articulating mesoscale revolute joint. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Rapid thermal cycling with low thermal inertia tools
Authors: Xu Ronald X. , Sachs Emanuel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSolid freeform fabrication processes offer the manufacturing flexibility for tools with low thermal inertia and internal conformal channels for rapid thermal cycling in injection molding. This article analyzed each step of a rapid thermal cycling process and provided quantitative guidance for tooling design. The proposed design methodology was tested on a three‐dimensional (3D) printed benchmark tool with truss support. Rapid cooling test on the benchmark tool resulted in the mold time constant shorter than 2.3 s and the cavity temperature uniformity better than 3°C. Preliminary tests demonstrated the technical feasibility of using a solid freeform fabrication process to fabricate low thermal inertia tools for improved heat management in injection molding. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers