bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Behavior and biology of the tomato psyllid, Bactericerca cockerelli, in response to the Mi‐1.2 gene
Authors: Casteel Clare L. , Walling Linda L. , Paine Timothy D. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Mi‐1.2 gene, identified from wild varieties of tomato, Solanum peruvianum (Mill) (Solanaceae), has been incorporated into near‐isogenic commercial varieties of tomato and has been shown to confer resistance to three different species of phloem feeders: aphids, whiteflies, and nematodes. The results presented here show that plants bearing Mi‐1.2 were also resistant to the tomato psyllid, Bactericerca [Paratrioza] cockerelli (Sulc) (Homoptera: Psyllidae), a serious pest of tomato, Solanum lycopersicon (Mill), in the western half of North America. In choice studies, tomato psyllids preferred to settle on plants that did not contain the gene [Moneymaker (mi‐1.2)] compared to near‐isogenic plants with the gene [Motelle (Mi‐1.2)]. As a result, total oviposition was higher on the susceptible variety, although no‐choice studies indicated that there were no differences in numbers of eggs laid by individual females on either variety. Survival from egg to adult was higher on plants lacking the gene compared to plants containing the gene. However, there were no differences in total development time of individuals reared from either variety. The results suggest that mechanisms of resistance to the tomato psyllid observed in plants bearing the Mi‐1.2 gene are distinct from the mechanisms of resistance to the three phloem feeders examined in other studies.
Parsing the clinical phenotype of depression: the need to integrate brief depressive episodes
Authors: Angst J. , Gamma A. , Pezawas L. , Ajdacic‐Gross V. , Eich D. , Rössler W. , Altamura C. 
Published: September 2006

Objective:  To expand the concept of recurrent brief depression (RBD) to brief depression (BD) and to test its clinical relevance.Method:  Subjects (N = 591) were studied prospectively six times from ages 20/21 to 40/41 years. RBD was defined according to DSM‐IV as episodes under 2 weeks with about monthly recurrence and work impairment. BD embraces RBD and brief depressive episodes with a frequency of 1–11 per year.Results:  Pure BD and pure major depressive episodes (MDE) did not differ in treatment rates, family history of mood and anxiety disorders or comorbidity with bipolar spectrum and anxiety disorders but they differed in work impairment, suicide attempt rates and distress self‐ratings.The combination of BD + MDE identified a very severe group of MDE, comparable with combined depression (MDE + RBD) and double depression (MDE + dysthymia).Conclusion:  Our data argue for the use of BD as a diagnostic specifier for severe MDE. RBD remains an important independent subgroup.
Evidence, Virulence, and the Disappearance of Nursing Knowledge: A Critique of the Evidence‐Based Dogma
Authors: Holmes Dave , Perron Amélie , O'Byrne Patrick 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT Context: Within the domain of health care, the new discourse of evidence‐based practice has appeared and gained momentum, giving rise to a plethora of correlates such as specialized scientific journals and best practice guidelines. Following the crowd, nursing has jumped onto this trend's bandwagon. Although some scholars and clinicians have tried to expand these notions, few have considered a deconstructive approach to do so. Approach: Drawing on the works of continental postmodern thinkers such as Baudrillard, Deleuze & Guattari, and Foucault, this paper critically examines the rise of the evidence‐based nursing (EBN) movement in order to deconstruct the “taken‐for‐granted” assumption that EBN is in and of itself the favored path to the sound development of nursing knowledge. Discussion: We argue against the hierarchical differentiation of varied research approaches so as to allow diverse methodologies to guide research and ultimately practice. The status quo is challenged, where research agendas are currently dominated by one paradigm of knowledge development; that of post‐positivism in which randomized control trials are portrayed as superior evidence. There is a hazard in excluding many other venues to build nursing knowledge and in oversimplifying the complexity of clinical nursing practice. Furthermore, we argue that this preferred path of knowledge development contradicts nursing academics' efforts to distance itself from the medical model of health care provision and research.
Line-of-sight velocity distributions of elliptical galaxies from collisionless mergers
Authors: González-García A. C. , Balcells M. , Olshevsky V. S. 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
We analyse the skewness of the line-of-sight velocity distributions in model elliptical galaxies built through collisionless galaxy mergers. We build the models using large N-body simulations of mergers between either two spiral or two elliptical galaxies. Our aim is to investigate whether the observed ranges of skewness coefficient (h3) and the rotational support (V/σ), as well as the anticorrelation between h3 and V, may be reproduced through collisionless mergers. Previous attempts using N-body simulations failed to reach V/σ≈ 1–2 and corresponding high h3 values, which suggested that gas dynamics and ensuing star formation might be needed in order explain the skewness properties of ellipticals through mergers. Here we show that high V/σ and high h3 are reproduced in collisionless spiral–spiral mergers whenever a central bulge allows the discs to retain some of their original angular momentum during the merger. We also show that elliptical–elliptical mergers, unless merging from a high-angular momentum orbit, reproduce the strong skewness observed in non-rotating, giant, boxy ellipticals. The behaviour of the h3 coefficient therefore associates rapidly-rotating discy ellipticals to disc-disc mergers, and associates boxy, slowly rotating giant ellipticals to elliptical–elliptical mergers, a framework generally consistent with the expectations of hierarchical galaxy formation.
A 60-Kilodalton Protein Component of the Counting Factor Complex Regulates Group Size in
Dictyostelium discoideum
Authors: Brock Debra A. , van Egmond Wouter N. , Shamoo Yousif , Hatton R. Diane , Gomer Richard H. 
Published: September 2006

ABSTRACT

Much remains to be understood about how a group of cells or a tissue senses and regulates its size.
Dictyostelium discoideum
cells sense and regulate the size of groups and fruiting bodies using a secreted 450-kDa complex of proteins called counting factor (CF). Low levels of CF result in large groups, and high levels of CF result in small groups. We previously found three components of CF (D. A. Brock and R. H. Gomer, Genes Dev.
13:
1960-1969, 1999; D. A. Brock, R. D. Hatton, D.-V. Giurgiutiu, B. Scott, R. Ammann, and R. H. Gomer, Development
129:
3657-3668, 2002; and D. A. Brock, R. D. Hatton, D.-V. Giurgiutiu, B. Scott, W. Jang, R. Ammann, and R. H. Gomer, Eukaryot. Cell
2:
788-797, 2003). We describe here a fourth component, CF60. CF60 has similarity to acid phosphatases, although it has very little, if any, acid phosphatase activity. CF60 is secreted by starving cells and is lost from the 450-kDa CF when a different CF component, CF50, is absent. Although we were unable to obtain cells lacking CF60, decreasing CF60 levels by antisense resulted in large groups, and overexpressing CF60 resulted in small groups. When added to wild-type cells, conditioned starvation medium from CF60 overexpressor cells as well as recombinant CF60 caused the formation of small groups. The ability of recombinant CF60 to decrease group size did not require the presence of the CF component CF45-1 or countin but did require the presence of CF50. Recombinant CF60 does not have acid phosphatase activity, indicating that the CF60 bioactivity is not due to a phosphatase activity. Together, the data suggest that CF60 is a component of CF, and thus this secreted signal has four different protein components.
An Augmented Reality System for the Treatment of Acrophobia: The Sense of Presence Using Immersive Photography
Authors: Juan M. Carmen , Baños Rosa , Botella Cristina , Pérez David , Alcaníiz Mariano , Monserrat Carlos 
Published: September 2006

This paper describes an augmented reality (AR) system for the treatment of acrophobia. First, the technical characteristics of the original prototype are described. Second, the capacity of the immersive photography used in the AR system to provoke sense of presence in users is tested. Forty-one participants without fear of heights walked around a staircase in both a real environment and an immersive photography environment. Immediately after their experience, participants were given the SUS questionnaire to assess their subjective sense of presence. The users' scores in the immersive photography were very high. Results indicate that the acrophobic context can be useful for the treatment of acrophobia. However, statistically significant differences were found between real and immersive photography environments. Specifically, the immersive photography environment was not confused with reality since data showed that SUS distinguished between the real and immersive photography experiences.
Homocysteine lowering by B vitamins and the secondary prevention of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial
Authors: den Heijer Martin , Willems Huub P. J. , Blom Henk J. , Gerrits Wim B. J. , Cattaneo Marco , Eichinger Sabine , Rosendaal Frits R. , Bos Gerard M. J. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe Vitamins and Thrombosis (VITRO) study investigated the effect of homocysteine lowering by daily supplementation of B vitamins on the risk reduction of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Patients between 20 to 80 years old with a first objectively confirmed proximal DVT or PE in the absence of major risk factors and a homocysteine concentration above the 75th percentile of a reference group were asked to participate (hyperhomocysteinemic group). A similar study was conducted in a random sample of patients with a homocysteine below the 75th percentile of the reference group (normohomocysteinemic group). After informed consent was obtained, patients were randomized to daily multivitamin supplementation (5 mg folic acid, 50 mg pyridoxine, and 0.4 mg cyanocobalamin) or placebo and were followed for 2.5 years. End points were objectively diagnosed recurrent DVT or PE. A total of 701 patients were enrolled (360 in the hyperhomocysteinemic and 341 in the normohomocysteinemic group). The number of recurrent events of venous thrombosis was 43 of 353 in the vitamin group (54/1000 py) and 50 of 348 in the placebo group (64/1000 py). The hazard ratio associated with vitamin treatment was 0.84 (95% CI, 0.56-1.26): 1.14 (95% CI, 0.65-1.98) in the hyperhomocysteinemic group and 0.58 (95% CI, 0.31-1.07) in the normohomocysteinemic group. The results of our study do not show that homocysteine lowering by B vitamin supplementation prevents recurrent venous thrombosis. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00314990.
Reversal of cardiac complications by deferiprone and deferoxamine combination therapy in a patient affected by a severe type of juvenile hemochromatosis (JH)
Authors: Fabio Giovanna , Minonzio Francesca , Delbini Paola , Bianchi Annamaria , Cappellini Maria Domenica 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Juvenile hemochromatosis (JH) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism, genetically heterogeneous. In JH, symptomatic organ involvement occurs as early as the second decade of life. Heart failure and/or arrhythmias are the most frequent causes of death. Phlebotomy is the safest, most effective, and most economic therapeutic approach in hemochromatosis patients but is not indicated during the treatment of severe congestive heart failure with unstable hemodynamic status. The treatment of iron overload in these prohibitive clinical situations has to be carried out using iron chelators. We report a case of heart failure in the setting of unrecognized juvenile hemochromatosis successfully treated by the simultaneous administration of deferoxamine and deferiprone. To our knowledge, this is the first patient affected by JH treated with combined chelation regimen.
Phase 2 trial of oral vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) for refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL)
Authors: Duvic Madeleine , Talpur Rakshandra , Ni Xiao , Zhang Chunlei , Hazarika Parul , Kelly Cecilia , Chiao Judy H. , Reilly John F. , Ricker Justin L. , Richon Victoria M. , Frankel Stanley R. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe activity and safety of the histone deacetylase inhibitor vorinostat (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, SAHA) were evaluated in patients with refractory cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Group 1 received vorinostat 400 mg daily, group 2 received vorinostat 300 mg twice daily for 3 days with 4 days rest, and group 3 received vorinostat 300 mg twice daily for 14 days with 7 days rest followed by 200 mg twice daily. Treatment continued until disease progression or intolerable toxicity. The primary objective was to determine the complete and partial response (PR) rate. Time to response (TTR), time to progressive disease (TTP), response duration (DOR), pruritus relief, and safety were determined. Thirty-three patients who had received a median of 5 prior therapies were enrolled. Eight patients achieved a PR, including 7 with advanced disease and 4 with Sézary syndrome. The median TTR, DOR, and TTP for responders were 11.9, 15.1, and 30.2 weeks, respectively. Fourteen of 31 evaluable patients had pruritus relief. The most common drug-related AEs were fatigue, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and nausea. The most common grade 3 or 4 drug-related AEs were thrombocytopenia and dehydration. Vorinostat demonstrated activity in heavily pretreated patients with CTCL. The 400 mg daily regimen had the most favorable safety profile and is being further evaluated.
Homozygous deletions localize novel tumor suppressor genes in B-cell lymphomas
Authors: Mestre-Escorihuela Cinta , Rubio-Moscardo Fanny , Richter Jose A. , Siebert Reiner , Climent Joan , Fresquet Vicente , Beltran Elena , Agirre Xabier , Marugan Isabel , Marín Miguel , Rosenwald Andreas , Sugimoto Kei-ji , Wheat Luise M. , Karran E. Loraine , García Juan F. , Sanchez Lydia , Prosper Felipe , Staudt Louis M. , Pinkel Daniel , Dyer Martin J. S. , Martinez-Climent Jose A. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIntegrative genomic and gene-expression analyses have identified amplified oncogenes in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), but the capability of such technologies to localize tumor suppressor genes within homozygous deletions remains unexplored. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and gene-expression microarray analysis of 48 cell lines derived from patients with different B-NHLs delineated 20 homozygous deletions at 7 chromosome areas, all of which contained tumor suppressor gene targets. Further investigation revealed that only a fraction of primary biopsies presented inactivation of these genes by point mutation or intragenic deletion, but instead some of them were frequently silenced by epigenetic mechanisms. Notably, the pattern of genetic and epigenetic inactivation differed among B-NHL subtypes. Thus, the P53-inducible PIG7/LITAF was silenced by homozygous deletion in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma and by promoter hypermethylation in germinal center lymphoma, the proapoptotic BIM gene presented homozygous deletion in mantle cell lymphoma and promoter hypermethylation in Burkitt lymphoma, the proapoptotic BH3-only NOXA was mutated and preferentially silenced in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, and INK4c/P18 was silenced by biallelic mutation in mantle-cell lymphoma. Our microarray strategy has identified novel candidate tumor suppressor genes inactivated by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms that substantially vary among the B-NHL subtypes.
Lenalidomide and dexamethasone in the treatment of AL amyloidosis: results of a phase 2 trial
Authors: Sanchorawala Vaishali , Wright Daniel G. , Rosenzweig Michael , Finn Kathleen T. , Fennessey Salli , Zeldis Jerome B. , Skinner Martha , Seldin David C. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn immunoglobulin light chain (AL) amyloidosis, amyloid fibril deposits derived from immunoglobulin light chains produced by a clonal plasma cell dyscrasia accumulate in tissues and damage vital organs. Treatment regimens used in multiple myeloma can be effective in AL amyloidosis; however, patients with this disease often tolerate these regimens poorly because of multisystem organ dysfunction. Thalidomide and lenalidomide have both been shown to be effective in myeloma. In this report, we describe results of a phase 2 trial of the use of lenalidomide, as a single agent and in combination with dexamethasone, for the treatment of AL amyloidosis. Thirty-four patients with AL amyloidosis, most with prior therapies, were enrolled in the trial. The initial dose of lenalidomide used (25 mg/d) was poorly tolerated; however, a reduced dose of 15 mg/d was generally well tolerated. Of 24 evaluable patients, 7 (29%) achieved a hematologic complete response and 9 (38%) achieved a partial hematologic response, for an overall hematologic response rate of 67%. Hematologic responses were also associated with clinical responses. Fatigue and myelosuppression were the most common treatment-related adverse events (35%), while thromboembolic complications (9%) were the most serious. Findings from this trial indicate that lenalidomide can be effective in treating AL amyloidosis.
Increased surveillance of cells in mitosis by human NK cells suggests a novel strategy for limiting tumor growth and viral replication
Authors: Nolte–'t Hoen Esther N. M. , Almeida Catarina R. , Cohen Nadia R. , Nedvetzki Shlomo , Yarwood Helen , Davis Daniel M. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe threat from cancer cells is inherently linked to cell-cycle progression, and viral genomes commonly replicate, for example, within episomes or proviruses, during mitosis. We report here that human natural killer (NK) cells bound cells in mitosis and attacked pathogenic cells in mitosis more effectively than the same cells in other stages of the cell cycle. Thus, cells in mitosis warrant and undergo heightened surveillance, a novel strategy for immunologic assessment of danger. Recognition of cells in mitosis involved ligation of activating NK-cell receptors and binding to target-cell hyaluronan, a component of the pericellular matrix known to be increased during mitosis. Direct interaction between activating NK-cell receptors and hyaluronan is possible, but other mechanisms consistent with our data are also discussed.
A CD34+ human cell line model of myeloid dendritic cell differentiation: evidence for a CD14+CD11b+ Langerhans cell precursor
Authors: Santegoets Saskia J A M , Masterson Allan J , van der Sluis Pieter C , Lougheed Sinéad M , Fluitsma Donna M , van den Eertwegh Alfons J M , Pinedo Herbert M , Scheper Rik J , de Gruijl Tanja D 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
The study of early events in dendritic cell (DC) differentiation is hampered by the lack of homogeneous primary cell systems that allow the study of cytokine-driven, transitional DC differentiation steps. The CD34+ acute myeloid leukemia cell line MUTZ-3 displays a unique ability to differentiate into interstitial DC (IDC) and Langerhans cells (LC) in a cytokine-dependent manner. Phenotypic characterization revealed MUTZ-3 to consist of three distinct subpopulations. Small CD34+CD14−CD11b− progenitors constitute the proliferative compartment of the cell line with the ability to differentiate through a CD34−CD14−CD11b+ stage to ultimately give rise to a morphologically large, nonproliferating CD14+CD11bhi progeny. These CD14+CD11bhi cells were identified as common, immediate myeloid DC precursors with the ability to differentiate into LC and IDC, exhibiting characteristic and mutually exclusive expression of Langerin and DC-specific ICAM-grabbing nonintegrin, respectively. The identity of the MUTZ-3-derived LC subset was confirmed further by the presence of Birbeck granules. We conclude that the MUTZ-3 cell line provides a ready and continuous supply of common myeloid precursors, which should facilitate further study of the ontogeny of myeloid DC lineages.
The Fps/Fes kinase regulates the inflammatory response to endotoxin through down-regulation of TLR4, NF-κB activation, and TNF-α secretion in macrophages
Authors: Parsons Sean A , Greer Peter A 
Published: September 2006

Abstract
Fps/Fes and Fer are members of a distinct subfamily of cytoplasmic protein tyrosine kinases that have recently been implicated in the regulation of innate immunity. Previous studies showed that mice lacking Fps/Fes are hypersensitive to systemic LPS challenge, and Fer-deficient mice displayed enhanced recruitment of leukocytes in response to local LPS challenge. This study identifies physiological, cellular, and molecular defects that contribute to the hyperinflammatory phenotype in Fps/Fes null mice. Plasma TNF-α levels were elevated in LPS challenged Fps/Fes null mice as compared with wild-type mice and cultured Fps/Fes null peritoneal macrophages treated with LPS showed increased TNF-α production. Cultured Fps/Fes null macrophages also displayed prolonged LPS-induced degradation of IκB-α, increased phosphorylation of the p65 subunit of NF-κB, and defective TLR4 internalization, compared with wild-type macrophages. Together, these observations provide a likely mechanistic basis for elevated proinflammatory cytokine secretion by Fps/Fes null macrophages and the increased sensitivity of Fps/Fes null mice to endotoxin. We posit that Fps/Fes modulates the innate immune response of macrophages to LPS, in part, by regulating internalization and down-regulation of the TLR4 receptor complex.
Human Homologs of the Putative G Protein-Coupled Membrane Progestin Receptors (mPRα, β, and γ) Localize to the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Are Not Activated by Progesterone
Authors: Krietsch Tom , Fernandes Maria Sofia , Kero Jukka , Lösel Ralf , Heyens Maria , Lam Eric W.-F. , Huhtaniemi Ilpo , Brosens Jan J. , Gellersen Birgit 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe steroid hormone progesterone exerts pleiotrophic functions in many cell types. Although progesterone controls transcriptional activation through binding to its nuclear receptors, it also initiates rapid nongenomic signaling events. Recently, three putative membrane progestin receptors (mPRα, β, and γ) with structural similarity to G protein-coupled receptors have been identified. These mPR isoforms are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and belong to the larger, highly conserved family of progestin and adiponectin receptors found in plants, eubacteria, and eukaryotes. The fish mPRα has been reported to mediate progesterone-dependent MAPK activation and inhibition of cAMP production through coupling to an inhibitory G protein. To functionally characterize the human homologs, we established human embryonic kidney 293 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines that stably express human mPRα, β, or γ. For comparison, we also established cell lines expressing the mPRα cloned from the spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus) and Japanese pufferfish (Takifugu rubripes). Surprisingly, we found no evidence that human or fish mPRs regulate cAMP production or MAPK (ERK1/2 or p38) activation upon progesterone stimulation. Furthermore, the mPRs did not couple to a highly promiscuous G protein subunit, Gαq5i, in transfection studies or provoke Ca2+ mobilization in response to progesterone. Finally, we demonstrate that transfected mPRs, as well as endogenous human mPRα, localize to the endoplasmic reticulum, and that their expression does not lead to increased progestin binding either in membrane preparations or in intact cells. Our results therefore do not support the concept that mPRs are plasma membrane receptors involved in transducing nongenomic progesterone actions.