bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In situ observation of the pore formation during laser-based reactive air brazing of alumina
Authors: Wojarski Lukas , Ulitzka Henrik , Geldmacher Anna , Ulitzka Tim , Tillmann Wolfgang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractReactive air brazing (RAB) is a low-cost process for joining ceramic composites in air. However, due to the comparably low strength values that can be achieved by RAB, the process is only used in special applications like solid oxide fuel cells as a sealant. The limited strength values are the result of a severe pore formation during the brazing operation that remain in the brazing fillet after the solidification of the brazing filler. In this work, the formation of the pores during RAB brazing of alumina using a paste containing Ag4CuO powder and various binders was investigated. The formation and evolution of the pores were observed and quantified in in situ X-ray measurements. It could be observed that during debinding, pores have developed in the filler metal. The pore structure depends on the binder and the heating rate in the debinding stage. With the melting of the filler metal, many pores are closed by the melt flow. But it seems that the wetting of the alumina was hindered by the pores. The change of porosity during cooling is comparatively low.
Association of Mediterranean diet adherence with disease progression, quality of life and physical activity, sociodemographic and anthropometric parameters, and serum biomarkers in community-dwelling older adults with multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Tryfonos Christina , Chrysafi Maria , Papadopoulou Sousana K. , Vadikolias Konstantinos , Spanoudaki Maria , Mentzelou Maria , Fotiou Dimitrios , Pavlidou Eleni , Gkouvas Georgios , Vorvolakos Theofanis , Michailidis Apostolos , Bisbinas Alexia , Alexatou Olga , Giaginis Constantinos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Multiple sclerosis (MS) constitutes a chronic inflammatory and degenerative demyelinating disease, which can progressively lead to a broad range of sensorimotor, cognitive, visual, and autonomic function symptoms, independently of patient’ age. However, the clinical studies that examine the role of dietary patterns against disease progression and symptomatology remain extremely scarce, especially concerning Mediterranean diet (MD) in the subgroup age of older adults with MS.

Aims
The present study aimed to investigate the potential impact of MD compliance in disease progression and symptoms severity as well as quality of life and physical activity of community-dwelling older adults with MS.

Methods
This is a cross-sectional conducted on 227 older adults with no history of other severe disease. Relevant questionnaires were applied to collect sociodemographic and anthropometric factors by face-to face interviews between patients and qualified personnel. Serum biomarkers were retrieved by patients’ medical records.

Results
Higher MD compliance was independently associated with younger patients’ age, lower risk of overweight/obesity and abdominal obesity, decreased disease progression and higher muscle mass, as well as greater physical activity, better quality of life, and adequate serum ferritin and albumin levels

Conclusions
MD may exert beneficial effects in older adults with MS. Future strategies and policies are highly recommended to inform both the general population and the older patients with MS for the beneficial effects of MD in preventing MS and in improving or even slowing down the disease progression and symptoms severity of MS.
Residents’ satisfaction and suggestions to improve nephrology residency in Italy, and comparison with the organization in other European countries
Authors: Perrotta Adolfo Marco , Rotondi Silverio , Amicone Maria , Cirella Irene , Siligato Rossella , Fontana Simone , Sivo Carmen , Vestri Anna Rita , Gambaro Giovanni , Piccoli Giorgina Barbara , Mazzaferro Sandro 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
In Italy, nephrology residency is available in twenty-one nephrology schools, each with its own strengths and weaknesses. The present study is aimed at exploring the residents’ satisfaction with their training programs.

Methods
Between April 20th and May 19th, 2021, a questionnaire on residency satisfaction consisting of 49 items was sent to 586 residents and 175 recently certified specialists (qualified to practice as nephrologists in 2019 and 2020), with a response rate of 81% and 51%, respectively.
The teaching organization was contextualized with a survey involving 13 European nephrology schools.

Results
Most residency fellowship programs received a good rating with regard to “satisfaction”, in particular for the following items: number of hospitalizations followed-up, chronic hemodialysis training, follow-up of transplanted patients, diagnosis and treatment of glomerulonephritis. The teachings that were identified as being of lower quality or insufficient intensity included vascular access management, ultrasound diagnostics and renal nutrition. The need for improvement in formal teaching programs was underlined. Young nephrologists were rather satisfied with their salary and with the quality of the work they were doing, but only few were interested in an academic career since it was generally held that it is “too difficult” to obtain a university position. Many young nephrologists who filled in the questionnaire felt that lack of experience in peritoneal dialysis and vascular access management was a barrier to finding an ideal job. Compared to other European training programs, the Italian program differs with regard to longer exposure to nephrology (as compared to internal medicine), and greater flexibility for internships in different settings, including abroad.

Conclusions
This first nationwide survey on the satisfaction of residents in nephrology indicates that, despite rather good overall satisfaction, there is room for improvement to make nephrology a more appealing choice and to fulfill the needs of a growing number of renal disease patients.

Graphical abstract
Hydro- and aero-elastic response of floating offshore wind turbines to combined waves and wind in frequency domain
Authors: Lamei Azin , Hayatdavoodi Masoud , Riggs H. Ronald 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAn analytical approach and numerical solution to determine coupled aeroelastic and hydroelastic response of floating offshore wind turbines of arbitrary shape to combined wind and wave loads is presented. The model considers simultaneously the aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads on an FOWT and integrates these with finite element method for structural analysis due to the combined loads. The hydrodynamic and aerodynamic loads are determined based on the linear wave diffraction theory and steady blade element momentum method, respectively, and the solution is obtained in frequency domain. The structure may be fixed or floating, located in arbitrary water depth, and may host single or multiple wind towers. The model captures the complete translational and rotational motions of the body in three dimensions, and the elasticity of the blades, tower and the floating platform. To assess the performance of the model, rigid and elastic responses of a FOWT to combined wave and wind loads are computed and compared with available laboratory measurements and other theoretical approaches where possible, and overall very good agreement is observed. The model developed in this study addresses directly three shortcomings of existing approaches used for the analysis of FOWTs, namely (i) determination of the elastic responses of the entire structure including the floating platform, (ii) analysis of the motion and elastic response of FOWTs in frequency domain, and (iii) assessment of responses of FOWTs with single or multiple wind towers.
Is Evolutionary Psychology a Scientific Revolution? A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Zagaria Andrea 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Objective
The emergence and growth of Evolutionary Psychology (EP) in the behavioral sciences has been characterized as a “scientific revolution” (e.g. Buss, 2020). According to Kuhn's framework, a scientific revolution in a discipline is marked by the emergence of a new, dominant school of thought, which eclipses all the other theories. The aim of this study was to assess quantitatively if EP may be regarded as a "scientific revolution" sensu Kuhn.

Method
I performed a bibliometric analysis of the prevalence of EP (broadly defined) in Psychology, and contrasted it with the prevalence of the socio-cultural approach, known as the Standard Social Science Model (SSSM) (Tooby & Cosmides, 1992).

Results
My analysis reveals that the SSSM enjoys significantly greater prominence than EP and is growing at a swifter pace. My analysis also suggests that a “cultural evolutionary” approach, which integrates evolutionary and cross-cultural perspectives, is still underdeveloped.

Conclusions
Despite being sympathetic to the claim that EP can potentially lead to a paradigm shift in the behavioral sciences, I argue that a prudent approach may involve recognizing the current state of affairs, envisioning realistic change, and building a more conceptually and methodologically heterogeneous research community in EP.
Three-dimensional numerical simulation of dynamic strength and failure mode of a rock mass with cross joints
Authors: Liu Tingting , Huang Wenxu , Xiang Chang , Dong Qian , Li Xinping , Zhang Chao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo study the dynamic mechanical properties and failure characteristics of intersecting jointed rock masses with different joint distributions under confining pressure, considering the cross angle α and joint persistence ratio η, a numerical model of the biaxial Hopkinson bar test system was established using the finite element method–discrete-element model coupling method. The validity of the model was verified by comparing and analyzing it in conjunction with laboratory test results. Dynamics-static combined impact tests were conducted on specimens under various conditions to investigate the strength characteristics and patterns of crack initiation and expansion. The study revealed the predominant factors influencing intersecting joints with different angles and penetrations under impact loading. The results show that the peak stress of the specimens decreases first and then increases with the increase of the cross angle. When α < 60°, regardless of the value of η, the dynamic stress of the specimens is controlled by the main joint. When α ≥ 60°, the peak stress borne by the specimens decreases with increasing η. When α < 60°, the initiation and propagation of cracks in the cross-jointed specimens are mainly controlled by the main joint, and the final failure surface of the specimens is composed of the main joint and wing cracks. When α ≥ 60° or η ≥ 0.67, the secondary joint guides the expansion of the wing cracks, and multiple failure surfaces composed of main and secondary joints, wing cracks, and co-planar cracks are formed. Increasing lateral confinement significantly increases the dynamic peak stress able to be borne by the specimens. Under triaxial conditions, the degree of failure of the intersecting jointed specimens is much lower than that under uniaxial and biaxial conditions.
Effect of thermal maturation and organic matter content on oil shale fracturing
Authors: Saberi Fatemeh , Hosseini-Barzi Mahboubeh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Pabdeh Formation represents organic matter enrichment in some oil fields, which can be considered a source rock. This study is based on the Rock–Eval, Iatroscan, and electron microscopy imaging results before and after heating the samples. We discovered this immature shale that undergoes burial and diagenesis, in which organic matter is converted into hydrocarbons. Primary migration is the process that transports hydrocarbons in the source rock. We investigated this phenomenon by developing a model that simulates hydrocarbon generation and fluid pressure during kerogen-to-hydrocarbon conversion. Microfractures initially formed at the tip/edge of kerogen and were filled with hydrocarbons, but as catagenesis progressed, the pressure caused by the volume increase of kerogen decreased due to hydrocarbon release. The transformation of solid kerogen into low-density bitumen/oil increased the pressure, leading to the development of damage zones in the source rock. The Pabdeh Formation’s small porethroats hindered effective expulsion, causing an increase in pore fluid pressure inside the initial microfractures. The stress accumulated due to hydrocarbon production, reaching the rock’s fracture strength, further contributed to damage zone development. During the expansion process, microfractures preferentially grew in low-strength pathways such as lithology changes, laminae boundaries, and pre-existing microfractures. When the porous pressure created by each kerogen overlapped, individual microfractures interconnected, forming a network of microfractures within the source rock. This research sheds light on the complex interplay between temperature, hydrocarbon generation, and the development of expulsion fractures in the Pabdeh Formation, providing valuable insights for understanding and optimizing hydrocarbon extraction in similar geological settings.
FPGA Implementation of a PV Generator and a Boost Converter Controllers for a Virtual Laboratory Environment
Authors: Bautista Oscar , Bernal Álvaro , Pantoja Andrés , Revelo Javier 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an FPGA hardware implementation of two different components of a microgrid’s electrical systems. Small and isolated microgrids are currently a frequent solution for electricity coverage in remote areas, where detailed studies, simulations, and realistic emulations are required to design appropriate systems according to each location. Hardware implementations based on a Labview environment of 240 W and 330 W generic photovoltaic generators, a Boost converter, and P &O algorithm were performed. The results obtained from the panels and converter were compared to the Simulink response. Unified systems, with and without controls, were compared. The systems were first compiled individually on an FPGA NI PCIe 7841R and later unified. The data and performance obtained from the emulated environment were verified using Simulink models, and the desired correspondence was obtained.
A novel prediction model to evaluate the dynamic interrelationship between gold and crude oil
Authors: Pandit Sarth , Luo Xiaojun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGlobal events, such as the pandemic and European conflicts, have caused significant inflation and high volatility in gold and crude oil prices. This has garnered substantial international attention while banks, governments, and businesses are devoted to developing strategies to hedge against the potential impacts of economic uncertainties. Focused on addressing economic uncertainties, this study delves into the crucial role of the relationship between gold and crude oil in shaping global financial and economic dynamics. The primary objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis and construct a rolling SARIMAX model for predicting the rolling 12-months correlation of the Gold–WTI and Gold–Brent relationship. Monthly data on Gold spot prices, WTI futures, and Brent futures is collected from May 1983 to December 2022. Three sophisticated data analysis techniques, the Rolling Correlation method, the SARIMAX model, and the Rolling Model are integrated to develop the Rolling SARIMAX module. R-square values of this newly developed model achieved 89.8% and 88.4% for predicting the rolling correlation for Gold Spot Price-WTI Futures and Gold Spot Price-Brent Futures, respectively, while the mean absolute percentage error was 10.33% and 10.84%, respectively. The higher accuracy in correlation prediction between gold and crude oil prices can present critical insights for risk management, economic planning, strategic investment, economic cycles, and global economic outlook. This newly developed prediction model adeptly handles both linear and non-linear relationships while adapting to external variables in dynamic market scenarios. Its judicious balance between complexity and practicality positions it as a sophisticated analytical tool with real-world applicability, setting a new benchmark in financial market analysis.
Single-Index Mixed-Effects Model for Asymmetric Bivariate Clustered Data
Authors: Zhao Weihua , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar , Lian Heng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudies/trials assessing status and progression of periodontal disease (PD) usually focus on quantifying the relationship between the clustered (tooth within subjects) bivariate endpoints, such as probed pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) with the covariates. Although assumptions of multivariate normality can be invoked for the random terms (random effects and errors) under a linear mixed model (LMM) framework, violations of those assumptions may lead to imprecise inference. Furthermore, the response-covariate relationship may not be linear, as assumed under a LMM fit, and the regression estimates obtained therein do not provide an overall summary of the risk of PD, as obtained from the covariates. Motivated by a PD study on Gullah-speaking African-American Type-2 diabetics, we cast the asymmetric clustered bivariate (PPD and CAL) responses into a non-linear mixed model framework, where both random terms follow the multivariate asymmetric Laplace distribution (ALD). In order to provide a one-number risk summary, the possible non-linearity in the relationship is modeled via a single-index model, powered by polynomial spline approximations for index functions, and the normal mixture expression for ALD. To proceed with a maximum-likelihood inferential setup, we devise an elegant EM-type algorithm. Moreover, the large sample theoretical properties are established under some mild conditions. Simulation studies using synthetic data generated under a variety of scenarios were used to study the finite-sample properties of our estimators, and demonstrate that our proposed model and estimation algorithm can efficiently handle asymmetric, heavy-tailed data, with outliers. Finally, we illustrate our proposed methodology via application to the motivating PD study.
Sensitivity of 40 Pythium species to the new fungicide Picarbutrazox
Authors: Olaya G. , Linley R. , Ireland D. , Dorrance A. , Robertson A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPicarbutrazox is the active ingredient of Vayantis®, a novel seed treatment fungicide developed by Syngenta and discovered by Nippon Soda. Vayantis® received registration from the US EPA in 2021. Picarbutrazox is a systemic fungicide and belongs to the tetrazolyloximes chemical group of fungicides, and its mode of action is still unknown (FRAC group U17). Picarbutrazox targets oomycete plant pathogens and controls diseases caused by Pythium, Phytophthora, and downy mildews. Picarbutrazox is in a new mode-of-action group with no known cross-resistance to other oomycete compounds. The sensitivity to Picarbutrazox of 528 isolates belonging to 40 different Pythium species was determined in vitro. Pythium isolates were collected from infected plants including corn, soybean, cotton, and other crops from 17 different states. Pythium isolates were also obtained from collections kept at universities. Isolates were identified at the species level using morphological and molecular tools. Mycelial growth inhibition was quantified using the following Picarbutrazox concentrations: 0, 0.00001, 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 mg/L. All the species of Pythium tested were sensitive to Picarbutrazox. The sensitivity distribution (EC50 values) across all the Pythium species tested had a mean sensitivity of 0.000376 mg ai/L. The Picarbutrazox sensitivity of 40 species of Pythium species has been documented, and results demonstrate the high in vitro intrinsic activity of this fungicide to control Pythium species. The high potency of Picarbutrazox to control Pythium diseases in corn, soybeans, cotton, and other crops has also been demonstrated under field conditions when used as a seed treatment. Picarbutrazox, with its novel mode of action, will contribute to the management of potential fungicide resistance issues developed by other fungicide products controlling Pythium, including mefenoxam and ethaboxam.
On the synergic approach toward the experimental realization of interesting fundamental science within the framework of relativistic flying mirror concept
Authors: Jeong Tae Moon , Bulanov Sergei V. , Valenta Petr , Hadjisolomou Prokopis 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe relativistic flying parabolic mirror can provide a higher laser intensity than the intensity a current laser system can reach via the optical-focusing scheme. A weakly relativistic laser intensity (1.8 $$\times$$
×
10$$^{17}$$

17

W/cm$$^2$$

2

, $$\eta = 0.29$$

η
=
0.29

) can be intensified up to a super-strong intensity of $$>\textrm{1}\times$$

>
1
×

10$$^{27}$$

27

W/cm$$^2$$

2

($$\eta \approx 2.2 \times 10^4$$

η
≈
2.2
×

10
4

) by the relativistic flying mirror. Such a super-strong field can be applied to study the strong-field quantum electrodynamics in perturbative and non-perturbative regimes. In this review, the analytic derivations on the field strength and distribution obtained by the ideal relativistic flying parabolic mirror have been shown under the 4$$\pi$$
π
-spherical-focusing approach. The quantum non-linearity parameter is calculated when such a super-strong field collides with the high-energy $$\gamma$$
γ
-photons. The peak quantum non-linearity parameter reaches above 1600 when the 1-GeV $$\gamma$$
γ
-photon collides with a super-strong laser field reflected and focused by the relativistic flying mirror driven by a 10 PW laser pulse.
Analyzing sentiments towards E-Levy policy implementation in Ghana using twitter data
Authors: Appiahene Peter , Afrifa Stephen , Akwah Emmanuel Kyei , Choudhry Arjun , Khatri Inder , Raj Chahat , Prasad Mukesh 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA newly proposed or implemented government policy often encounters challenges. Ghanaian citizens have always look down negatively upon their government’s policies, hence those are rarely appreciated. This paper ponders over the Ghanaian government’s proposal of electronic levy on mobile money transactions which was announced in the 2022 budget on November 17, 2021. We have scrutinized this governmental policy through the ordinary citizen's perspective using lexicon-based sentiment analysis on Twitter data. Lexicons are collections of words that express specific emotions, and deals with interpreting emotions like happiness, frustration, anger, and sadness. Twitter, serving as a means for people to share their views, provides enormous user generated content, beneficial for research purposes. We collected e-levy specific Twitter data in five phases, namely; policy introduction, popularity, discussion, feeble, and debate phases. The policy introduction phase recorded the least volume of data containing 1400 tweets, among which our sentiment analyzer classifies 8.93% as positive, 89.29% as neutral, and 1.78% as negative. The debate phase recorded the highest amount of data containing 18.423 tweets, among which 24.43% tweets are classified as positive, 59.29% as neutral, and 16.28% as negative. An analysis on the entire data containing 38,771 tweets reports 25.50% positive, 59.02% neutral, and 15.48% negative tweets. Our study determines that people are not largely unhappy established by the stable positive sentiment percentage, however, there is a high neutral score in all the phases.