bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Fractures and refractures in intercollegiate athletes
Authors: Whiteside James A. , Fleagle Samuel B. , Kalenak Alexander 
Published: June 2007

This report on fractures and refractures in intercolle giate athletes covers an 11-year period from the early Fall of 1968 through the Spring of 1979. Two hundred thirty-one fractures occurred in 219 athletes. Of these athletes, 185 were male and 34 were female. Fractures occurred in 18 sports. Of these 18, foot ball, basketball, wrestling, and soccer led in number for Men's (M) teams, and gymnastics, lacrosse, and volleyball led for Ladies' (L) teams. (Because of this institution's early involvement with Title IX, and the strong position taken by our administration, our teams are designated Gentlemen (Men for short), which con stitute the LIONS, and Ladies, which make up the LADY LIONS.) No fractures were noted in the other 11 intercollegiate teams of cheerleading (M and L), bowling (M and L), golf (M and L), fencing (L), rifle (coed), tennis (M and L), and volleyball (M). Boxing, ice hockey, rugby, soccer, and synchronized swim ming are club sports at the Pennsylvania State Uni versity and are not included in this study. The most common of the 17 fracture sites were the finger, hand, face, foot, nose, and leg, regardless of sport or gender. Fourteen of fifteen refractures oc curred in collision /contact sports, and essentially the same mechanical forces caused both fractures. In football most fractures occurred during highly successful seasons.
The frequency of muscle tightness and injuries in soccer players
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Gillquist Jan 
Published: June 2007

One hundred-eighty players in a male, senior soccer division were examined for past injuries, persisting symptoms from past injuries, and muscular tightness in the lower extremities. Soccer players were in general less flexible than a group of nonplayers of the same age (n = 86). No correlation was found between past injuries and ex isting muscle tightness. Sprains of the lower extremity, especially of knees and ankles, predominated among the injuries. Persistent instability symptoms were common se quels to knee and ankle injuries. It is proposed that intensive care of acute injuries will improve the late results.
A statistical study of physician care patterns in high school football injuries
Authors: Pritchett James W. 
Published: June 2007

This study examines the specialty background, rela tive activity, role, and cost of care among physicians treating high school football injuries in six western states. There were 1000 injuries (in 1000 players) in the 1980 football season. Among the players, 30.7 and 17.9% were treated solely by general practitioners and emergency room physicians, respectively. Or thopedic surgeons exclusively managed 17.1% of players, and 6.8% were seen initially by the emer gency room physician and referred to an orthopedic surgeon. Osteopaths solely treated 6.4% of players. Chiropractic was the exclusive care for 6.4%. Four and nine-tenths per cent of players were seen initially by general practitioners and referred to an orthopedic surgeon. Emergency room physicians re ferred 3% of their injured high school football players to general practitioners. The remaining 6.8% of play ers were cared for by dentists, pediatricians, general surgeons, naturopaths, neurosurgeons, urologists, otolaryngologists, and ophthalmologists. General practitioners referred 14% of their patients, and emergency room physicians referred 73.6% of their patients. The most common referral was to an orthopedic surgeon. Two hundred ninety-eight players ultimately received care from an orthopedist, including 82% of all patients with fractures. For patients with the same diagnosis, costs for care by orthopedic surgeons were 54% higher than the fees charged by a general practitioner.
Postmeniscectomy tourniquet palsy and functional sequelae
Authors: Dobner Joseph J. , Nitz Arthur J. 
Published: June 2007

A pattern of variability was noted in the rehabilitative progress of patients undergoing knee surgery. Forty- eight patients who underwent routine medial or lateral meniscectomy were studied in a controlled, random ized, prospective investigation designed to identify electromyographic (EMG) and functional deficits as sociated with using a pneumatic tourniquet in knee surgery. The control group (24 individuals) underwent knee surgery without the use of a tourniquet. Six weeks postoperatively all patients were studied by EMG and functionally by determining the single leg vertical leap of the affected leg and expressing this as a percentage of that accomplished by the sound leg. The results were: (1) 17 of 24 (71 %) of the tourniquet group had EMG evidence of denervation and a func tional capacity of 39% of the normal leg. (2) 7 of 24 (29%) of the tourniquet group had no evidence of denervation and a 71 % functional capacity. (3) The control group had no evidence of denervation and a functional capacity of 79%. Of the patients on whom a tourniquet was used, total tourniquet time and pressure did not vary signifi cantly between those patients who demonstrated EMG findings and those who did not. Arthrotomy in the absence of a tourniquet required more attention to hemostasis, but did not present overwhelming dif ficulty. Operative time was slightly prolonged. This investigation suggests that the ideal of early return to functional activity after knee surgery can best be accomplished by avoiding use of a pneumatic tourni quet.
Prospective study of injuries in United States Ski Association freestyle skiing-1976-77 to 1979-80
Authors: Dowling Patrick A. 
Published: June 2007

This report documents a prospective study of injuries in USSA (United States Ski Association) Freestyle competition undertaken during the four seasons from 1976-77 through 1979-80. In order to ensure ade quate reporting and documentation, the study was confined to actual observed competition days. Com petition and accident reports were prepared by a representative of the USSA-sanctioned organization conducting each of the competitions studied. Report forms were designed with reference to prior ski acci dent studies and included demographic information in addition to specific information related to the nature of freestyle ski competition. History and background relative to the disciplines of freestyle skiing is given, including the three disciplines of ballet, aerials, and moguls. Data on 10,118 skier-days revealed incidence of injury to be 2.8 per 1,000 skier-days. The distribution of injury to location and type was not similar to that encountered in recreational skiers, and a relatively higher incidence of spine, head, and upper extremity injuries was noted. No incidence of cervical spine injury was encountered. All injured competitors were able to return to competition following recovery from their injuries. This study directs attention to specific aspects of freestyle competition which will require changes in order to further reduce the incidence of injury.
Delineation of diagnostic criteria and a rehabilitation program for rotator cuff injuries
Authors: Jobe Frank W. , Moynes Diane Radovich 
Published: June 2007

In the examination and rehabilitation of patients with shoulder injuries it is necessary to isolate the individ ual rotator cuff muscles as much as possible. We subscribe to the belief that, independent of the deltoid, the rotator cuff muscles can become fatigued, injured, or atrophied individually. Accordingly, we feel that these muscles must be considered separately during examination and rehabilitation. This paper describes methods and positions to iso late the cuff and, thus, enable the examiner to be more precise in diagnosis and treatment. In addition, individual exercises for each component are de scribed.
The Prognosis of Meniscectomy in Athletes
Authors: Hoshikawa Y. , Kurosawa H. , Fukubayashi T. , Nakajima H. , Watarai K. 
Published: June 2007

This study analyzes patient participation in athletic activities after meniscectomy. Seventy simple menis cus lesions in 68 patients without ligamentous insuf ficiency were studied by means of a detailed question naire and clinical and radiological examinations. Fol low-up ranged from 1 to 18.4 years, averaging 4.5 years. These cases are classified into two groups, depending on the intensity of athletic activities. Group 1 consisted of international class athletes and Group 2 consisted of both competitive and rec reational athletes. None of those studied have given up sports following meniscectomy. Results were worse in Group 1 than in Group 2 in both clinical and subjective evaluation. In Group 1 volleyball players presented results worse than those of football (Amer ican style) players and wrestlers. In Group 2 there was no significant difference in results among athletes of various sports. We conclude that the results after meniscectomy are influenced by the quality and fre quency of postoperative athletic activities.
Transcutaneous neural stimulation use in postoperative knee rehabilitation
Authors: Smith Michael J. , Hutchins Richard C. , Hehenberger Debra 
Published: June 2007

A prospective study of 100 patients who were oper ated on in 1979 and 1980 was performed to determine the effect of transcutaneous neural stimulation (TNS) on the patients' postoperative knee rehabilitation pro gram. The patients were then divided into four study groups. Fifty patients had a single incision arthrotomy with a meniscectomy. Of these surgical patients, Group A included 25 patients who were treated with a TNS unit postoperatively, and Group B includes 25 patients who did not use TNS. Fifty other patients had a total condylar-total knee replacement. Of these sur gical patients, Group C includes 25 patients who used TNS postoperatively and Group D includes 25 patients who did not use TNS. In the arthrotomy group the TNS patients (Group A) had a shorter average hospital stay (3.84 versus 5.40 days), initiated straight leg raises sooner (1.72 days versus 3.17 days) and began am bulation sooner (1.4 days versus 2.44 days) than the patients who did not use TNS (Group B). As compared to Group B, Group A had a reduction in number of meperidine injections of 42.75% and a reduction of meperidine dosage of 31.49%. In the total knee pa tients, the group treated with TNS (Group C) also had a shorter hospital stay (14.92 days versus 17.88 days) and performed straight leg raises sooner (4.92 days versus 7.54 days) than patients who did not use TNS (Group D). There was no difference in the ambulation times in Group C and Group D (4.96 days). There was a reduction of meperidine injections of 35.88% and a reduction of meperidine dosage of 44.48% in Group C. The use of TNS in postoperative knee patients improved their rehabilitation performance and shortened their hospital stay. No side effects were noted.
Bilateral avulsion fracture of the triceps tendon insertion from skiing with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda
Authors: Match Ronald M. , Corrylos Elizabeth V. 
Published: June 2007

Avulsion of the triceps tendon with fractures of the olecranon have been described in the literature. This injury is frequently misdiagnosed or over looked. Bilateral avulsions are extremely rare. A case of bilateral avulsions of the triceps tendon insertion caused by a skiing mishap was seen in a patient with osteogenesis imperfecta tarda.
Prevention of soccer injuries
Authors: Ekstrand Jan , Gillquist Jan , Liljedahl Sten-Otto 
Published: June 2007

To study the efficacy of an injury prevention program in a randomized trial, 12 teams (180 players) in a male senior soccer division were followed up for 6 months. The 12 teams were allocated at random to two groups of six teams, one being given a prophylactic program and the other serving as control. The program was based on previous studies of injury mechanisms. It comprised (1) correction of training, (2) provision of optimum equipment; (3) prophylactic ankle taping; (4) controlled rehabilitation; (5) exclusion of players with grave knee instability; (6) information about the impor tance of disciplined play and the increased risk of injury at training camps; and (7) correction and supervision by doctor(s) and physiotherapist(s). The injuries in the test teams were 75% fewer than in the controls. The most common types of soccer injuries, sprains and strains to ankles and knees, were all significantly reduced. It is concluded that the pro posed prophylactic program, including close supervi sion and correction by doctors and physiotherapists, significantly reduces soccer injuries.
Sports and peripheral nerve injury
Authors: Hirasawa Yasusuke , Sakakida Kisaburo 
Published: June 2007

Peripheral nerve injury is one of the serious compli cations of athletic injuries; however, they have rarely been reported. According to the report by Takazawa et al.,6 there were only 28 cases of peripheral nerve injury among 9,550 cases of sports injuries which had been treated in the previous 5 years at the clinic of the Japanese Athletic Association. The authors have encountered 1,167 cases of pe ripheral nerve injury during the past 18 years. Sixty-six of these cases were related to sports (5.7%). The nerves most frequently involved were: brachial plexus, radial nerve, ulnar, peroneal, and axillary nerves (in their order of frequency). The most common causes of such injuries were mountain climbing, gymnastics, and base ball. More often, peripheral nerve injury seemed to be caused by continuous compression and repeated trauma to the involved nerve. Usually it appeared as an entrapment neuropathy and the symptoms could be improved by conservative treatment. Some of the cases were complicated by fractures and surgical exploration became necessary. Results of treatment produced ex cellent to good improvement in 87.9% of the cases. With regard to compartment syndrome, the authors stress the importance of early and precise diagnosis and a fasciotomy.
Computerized tomography in the evaluation of peroneal tendon dislocation
Authors: Szczukowski Myron , St. Pierre Rick K. , Fleming Lamar L. , Somogyi James 
Published: June 2007

Dislocation or subluxation of a peroneal tendon is a relatively uncommon entity, and the diagnosis is rarely made at the time of initial injury. If untreated, chronic lateral instability and pain may develop which can be a diagnostic dilemma. These patients usually will have a history of frequent episodes of ankle instability and may be aware of a pop or snap just prior to the episode of instability. There is usually no significant anterior drawer or inversion laxity present on stress testing. Unfortu nately, it is often difficult to passively or actively dislo cate the involved peroneal tendon. Surgical treatment may have to be recommended on strong suspicion alone. Two patients with chronic lateral ankle pain underwent computerized tomography preoperatively and postoperatively. In addition, eight normal ankles were scanned for comparison. In the two cases of peroneal tendon dislocations presented, computerized tomography was found to be a very beneficial aid in making the diagnosis, and may be of significant value in those with suspected peroneal tendon subluxation/dislocations.
Shoulder posterior subluxation
Authors: Norwood Lyle A. , Terry Glenn C. 
Published: June 2007

The records of 21 patients with chronic recurrent pos terior subluxation were reviewed to document postop erative stability and level of athletic participation after opening wedge posterior scapular osteotomy and as sociated soft tissue procedures. At an average of 39.9 months after surgery, we objectively reevaluated 17 males and 2 females (from 16 to 46 years old). Patients with posterior instability caused by a direct trauma stabilized and effectively returned to athletic participa tion following osteotomy. Patients with posterior stabil ity resulting from muscular contraction required addi tional soft tissue procedures for stability and effective return to athletics. Congenitally or habitually lax shoul ders did not stabilize in this series. This study suggests that opening osteotomy is indi cated for single plane, posterior instability which results from direct trauma or muscular contraction, and for combined anterior-posterior instability. Opening oste otomy is contraindicated in congenitally or habitually lax shoulders. A descriptive classification system which groups shoulders according to injury force and direction of instability facilitates preoperative prediction of sub sequent glenohumeral joint stability and athletic partic ipation or level of nonsportive activity.
The Cybex II evaluation of lateral ankle ligamentous reconstructions
Authors: St. Pierre Rick K. , Andrews Larry , Allman Fred , Fleming Lamar L. 
Published: June 2007

Chronic lateral ankle instability is a costly disability to the athlete. The Chrisman-Snook and Evans lateral ligamentous reconstructions are two procedures fre quently performed to correct ligamentous instability. The entire peroneus brevis tendon is transected in the Evans procedure, thus sacrificing its eversion strength and power. The importance of preserving the eversion function of the peroneus brevis muscle is speculative, but may be of significance for good long-term results. The ankle eversion strength and power of 10 patients with Chrisman-Snook and 10 patients with Evans lat eral ligamentous reconstructions were objectively eval uated with the Cybex II Isokinetic Dynamometer. The mean postoperative time to testing was 4.2 years. The uninvolved ankle was also tested and used as the normal strength of the patient. Twenty normal controls matched for age, sex, and physical activity were tested to assure maximum test reproducibility. The eversion strength was tested at several speeds, but torque values at speeds of 30 and 120 deg/sec were selected for analysis. At slow speeds, 30 deg/sec, and ankles that had Evans and Chrisman-Snook reconstruction were 4% and 7% weaker, respectively, than the contralateral normal ankles. At 120 deg/second the ankles were 8% and 9% weaker with the Evans and Chrisman-Snook reconstructions, respectively. A three factor analysis of variance with repeated measures on two of the factors was used to analyze the data. The analysis indicated that the estimated mean difference in peak torque values between the control and surgical ankles for the Evans procedure at 30 deg/sec, the Chrisman-Snook procedure at 30 deg/sec, the Evans procedure at 120 deg/sec, and the Chrisman-Snook procedure at 120 deg/sec were not significantly different (F = 0.49, df = 1/18, P = 0.491). Thus, the surgical loss of the peroneus brevis muscle in the Evans lateral ligamentous reconstruction does not appear to result in a significant loss of eversion strength and power when compared to the contralateral normal ankle. Therefore, the authors contend that the loss of the peroneus brevis tendon should not be a factor in the selection of an operative procedure for lateral ankle instability.
Hamstring/quadriceps ratios in college football players: A high velocity evaluation
Authors: Stafford Maureen G. , Grana William A. 
Published: June 2007

Hamstring/quadriceps ratios were assessed on 60 in tercollegiate football players at functional speeds of 90, 180, and 300 deg/sec on the Cybex II. The ratio rose as velocity of exercise increased and the quadriceps was stronger than the hamstrings at all speeds. The flexor/extensor ratio differed bilaterally at all speeds with ratio lower for the dominant knee. The study helped establish normative data on ham string/quadricep ratios on football players at functional speeds. Furthermore, the ratio provides a guide to observe muscle imbalances which could be a factor in injury.
Women Midshipmen in Sports
Authors: Cox Jay S. , Lenz Heinz W. 
Published: June 2007

This is a study of the physical performance and injury rate for seven classes of women midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy. Women comprise only 6.2% of the brigade of midshipmen, but men and women live in the same dormitory, undergo the same physical training and fitness tests, study the same academic curriculum, and live in an environment where performance and activities can be constantly moni tored. The required number of hours of physical edu cation are the same for men and women. The conclusions from this study are: (1) women midshipmen continue to improve their fitness level more rapidly than men; (2) while some disparities in perform ance are correctly attributed to physiological differ ences, many of the present disparities should be attrib uted to societal conditions; (3) should physical perform ance requirements ever become the same, women will have to work harder than men to achieve the same standards because of the physiological differences; (4) women continue to seek medical attention for stress- related problems (i.e., shin splints, stress fractures) more often than men, but do so less often as they become acclimated to the active life of the Naval Acad emy ; (5) women midshipmen have the same number of serious injuries as men, and in some sports are more susceptible to certain types of injuries.
Decreasing the incidence of recurrence of first time anterior shoulder dislocations with rehabilitation
Authors: Aronen John G. , Regan Kevin 
Published: June 2007

Studies of adolescent and young adult males sustaining primary anterior shoulder dislocations reveal the like lihood of recurrence to be virtually always above 50% and as high as 79% to 94%. Common among these investigations is the lack of a specific, rigidly adhered to rehabilitation program. During a 3½ year period, 20 midshipmen at the United States Naval Academy sustained primary anterior shoulder dislocations. All participated in an identical treatment regimen which included a restrengthening program emphasizing the muscles of internal rotation and adduction, plus rigid restrictions of activities until the goals of their rehabilitation program were satisfied. Exercises progressed from isometrics through isoton ics and isokinetics. Goals included return to full active, unrestricted duty and athletic participation which in cluded participation in the sport that resulted in the original dislocation. Patients were followed for an av erage of 35.8 months (with a range of 17 to 45 months). During the period of study there were five recurrences (25%). A success rate of 75% would suggest that adherence to a specific, aggressive postdislocation re habilitation program, plus rigid restrictions of activities until the goals of the program are satisfied, can sub stantially improve the likelihood of a full return to activity without recurrent shoulder dislocation.
Osteochondrosis of the humeral capitellum
Authors: Singer Kenneth M. , Roy Steven P. 
Published: June 2007

Seven cases of osteochondrosis of the capitellum oc curring in five high performance female gymnasts be tween the ages of 11 and 13 are presented. Two of the patients were treated by surgical excision of the loose osteochondral fragment in three elbows. Four of the five gymnasts, including the two who underwent surgical treatment, were able to return to full workouts without recurrence of symptoms within the 3 year followup. All conditions in gymnasts were detected after symp toms had presented. A survey of 37 actively competing gymnasts at a nationally known gymnastics academy was performed, including a detailed history and physical examination and radiographic examination. No other cases of osteochondrosis were detected. It was postulated that this condition represents a lateral compression injury because of repetitive valgus overload. Investigation of the capitellar blood supply indicates that the common factors in osteochondrosis of the capitellum are repetitive or prolonged trauma to a vulnerable epiphysis on a basis of vascular interrup tion. Gymnastics maneuvers require forceful weight- bearing through the upper extremities. Medical personnel and coaches associated with gym nastics need to be aware of the condition of osteo chondrosis of the capitellum so that any gymnast who presents with a painful, tender, swollen or locked elbow is appropriately investigated and treated.