bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Statistical analysis for investigating determinants influencing diarrhea in Yemeni children under five: Insights from the 2022-2023 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey
Authors: Satty Ali , Salih Mohyaldein , Abdalla Faroug A. , Mahmoud Ashraf F. A. , Gumma Elzain A. E. , Khamis Gamal Saad Mohammed , Adam Ahmed M. A. , Hassaballa Abaker A. , Hamed Omer M. A. , Mohammed Zakariya M. S. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Diarrheal disease remains a significant cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the pediatric population, particularly among children below five years of age. Although the occurrence of diarrheal episodes is on the decline, its impact continues to escalate at a concerning rate among children under the age of five, especially in developing countries. The objective of this paper is to investigate the determinants associated with diarrhea in Yemeni children younger than five years, drawing on data from the latest edition of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Yemen conducted in 2022-2023. To investigate determinants associated with the occurrence of childhood diarrhea, bivariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression were utilized. The findings of this study suggest that age group 6-23, unimproved sanitation, and low-income households are associated with high risk of diarrhea in children under five years of age in Yemen. The study contributes additional evidence regarding determinants that should be prioritized in public health strategies geared towards reducing diarrheal prevalence among Yemeni children.
Recurrent Visceral Leishmaniasis in a Case with Interleukin-12 Receptor Beta-1 Deficiency
Authors: uygun hatice , oren Ayse Ceyda , Sahinoglu Esra Pekpak , akbayram sinan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose In this study, we present the case of a children who was followed up for recurrent visceral leishmaniasis and diagnosed with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency.Methods A female patient who received Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine 2 months after birth and developed visceral leishmaniasis at the age of 91 months was subsequently diagnosed with IL-12Rβ1 deficiency. The patient's diagnosis and treatment process were examined retrospectively.Results IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by susceptibility to recurrent and/or severe infections caused by weakly pathogenic mycobacteria and salmonella. Infections with other intramacrophagic organisms may also occur, although rarely. Based on this information, it is believed that the mutation in the IFN-γ/IL-12 axis in our patient predisposed her to recurrent Leishmania infections.Conclusion This study adds to the limited literature on IL12RB1 deficiency as a cause of VL. Patients diagnosed with VL should be evaluated immunologically, as recurrent Leishmania infections may occur in those with IL-12Rβ1 defects.
Reliability of beat-to-beat blood pressure variability in older adults
Authors: Lohman Trevor , Sible Isabel J. , Shenasa Fatemah , Engstrom Allison C. , Kapoor Arunima , Alitin John Paul M. , Gaubert Aimee , Thayer Julian F. , Ferrer Farrah , Nation Daniel A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Blood pressure variability (BPV) is emerging as an important risk factor across numerous disease states, including cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disease in older adults. However, there is no current consensus regarding specific use cases for the numerous available BPV metrics. There is also little published data supporting the ability to reliably measure BPV across metrics in older adults.
BPV metrics were derived from continuous beat-to-beat blood pressure monitoring data. Two sequential 7-minute waveforms were analyzed. Absolute and relative reliability testing was performed. Differences between antihypertensive medication users and non-users on BPV metric reliability was also assessed.
All sequence and dispersion based BPV metrics displayed good test-retest reliability. A measure of BP instability displayed only moderate reliability. Systolic and diastolic average real variability displayed the highest levels of reliability at ICC= .87 and .82 respectively. Additionally, systolic average real variability was the most reliable metric in both the antihypertensive use group, and the no antihypertensive use group.
Beat-to-beat dispersion and sequence-based metrics of BPV can be reliably obtained from older adults using noninvasive continuous blood pressure monitoring. Average real variability may be the most reliable and specific beat-to-beat blood pressure variability metric due to its decreased susceptibility to outliers and low frequency blood pressure oscillations.
Predicting relapsed/refractory disease in childhood hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A 13-year single-institute retrospective study in Thailand
Authors: Kusontammarat Pattranan , Choed-Amphai Chane , Sathitsamitphong Lalita , Sontichai Watchareewan , Natesirinilkul Rungrote , Charoenkwan Pimlak 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background: Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disease. Relapsed/refractory disease is the main cause of death. This study is aimed to determine the prognostic indicators for relapsed/refractory disease in childhood HLH (R/R HLH).
Methods: Infants and children under 18 years of age who were diagnosed with HLH according to HLH-2004 criteria, MAS-HLH criteria for rheumatologic diseases, or H-score undergoing treatment in Chiang Mai University hospital between 2010 – 2022 were included. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, and laboratory parameters were retrospectively reviewed.
Results: Out of 86 childhood HLH cases, 30 patients (34.9%) experienced R/R HLH. All patients with primary HLH developed R/R HLH. The most common form of secondary HLH was infection-associated hemophagocytic syndrome (IAHS), comprising 43 cases. Of these, 37.2% had relapsed or refractory disease. Univariable analysis identified several potential risk factors for R/R HLH, including younger age, severe disease status, higher HLH-2004 criteria scores, higher H-scores, overt DIC, higher pSOFA scores, and increased levels of aspartate aminotransferase, total bilirubin, and direct bilirubin. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that a pSOFA score of ≥ 8 and age < 3 years were independent risk factors for R/R HLH, with adjusted odds ratios of 6.35 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18 – 34.19; p = 0.032) and 3.62 (95% CI, 1.04 – 12.63; p = 0.044), respectively.
Conclusions: Children with HLH who have a pSOFA score of ≥ 8, or are younger than 3 years, are at a higher risk of relapsed or refractory disease. Further evaluation of management strategies in this context is warranted.
The Therapeutic Effect of Aerobic Exercise Training on Female Drug Addicts is Achieved by Improving the Community Structure of Intestinal
Authors: Wang Hangping , Bai Ruolan , Yuan Jixue , Shen Ruxuan , Yang Jiangping , Yuan Cunfeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aimed to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the gut microbiota structure of female drug addicts.
Results
Twelve weeks of aerobic exercise training may improve gut microbial diversity and increase the abundance of beneficial taxa. Following the exercise intervention, the operational taxonomic units(OTUs) counts in the exercise intervention groups increased with variable degrees when compared with the control groups. Furthermore, the OTU count of the MC group increased significantly. After the exercise intervention, principal component analysis revealed the following results: (1) at the phylum level, the dominant taxa, mainly composed of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria, did not change significantly, suggesting that the composition of the gut microbiota may not be affected by exercise; (2) at the family or order levels, the MC group exhibited significantly higher abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Enterobacterales when compared with the BC group (P < 0.05). Similarly, at the order level, when compared with the BX group, the MX group had a significantly higher abundance of Atopobiaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Pasteurellales (P < 0.05); (3) at the genus level, exercise significantly increased the abundance of Prevotella and Roseburia in the MC group when compared with the BC group (P < 0.05). Additionally, the abundance of Escherichia-Shigella and Megamonas was significantly lower in the MX group than in the BX group (P < 0.05). In summary, these beneficial bacteria can be used as new targets for targeted microbiota intervention in female drug addicts.
Conclusion
Female drug addicts who underwent 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training effectively improved their intestinal flora structure and had shifts in the intestinal microbial species. However, the impact of exercise on the gut microbiota of drug addicts varies by drug type. The mechanism of the effects of exercise intervention in drug addiction may be associated with the activation of the gut’s innate immunity.
Investigation of Aopp, Total Sulphydryl Group (T-sh), Seroplasmin Levels in Sheep Wi̇th Zoonotic Liver Parasitosis
Authors: OĞUZ Fatma ERTAŞ , KÖMÜROĞLU Ahmet Ufuk , AYAN Adnan , KILINÇ Özlem ORUNÇ , YÜKSEK Nazmi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The aim of inthe present study was to investigate aopp, total sulfhydryl group (t-sh) and seroplasmin levels in zoonotic liver parasitosis in sheep. this study was carried out in Iğdır province. For this purpose, 75 sheep were grouped as healthy, Fasciola spp., Echinococcus spp., Dicrocoelium spp., Echinococcus spp. + Dicrocoelium spp. The levels of the specified parameters were measured in these groups. According to the results, AOPP level in the fasciolosis group was remarkably higher than all other groups (p < 0.05). The serum AOPP level in the E + D group was found to be significantly higher compared to the control and dicrocoelium spp. groups (p < 0.05). Echinococcus spp. group was s remarkably higher than the dicrocoelium spp. group (p < 0.05). The ceruloplasmin level in the control group was found to be significantly lower compared to the Echinococcosis, fasciolosis and dicrocoeliosis groups (p < 0.05). Total sulfhydryl level was found to be lower in the patient groups compared to the healthy group, but this value was not significant. According to these results, it can be said that cellular damage occurs in liver parasitism. These parameters are thought to be valuable in terms of prognosis in parasitic infections. It is also thought that oxidative cell damage occurs in the attack of zoonotic liver parasites in which the immune response decreases. It is thought that this study will serve as a guide for future research.
Diversity, Bio-ecology and population dynamics of insect pests of pigeon pea in eastern India
Authors: CHINNASAMY SELVARAJ , PATRA SANDIP , SAMANTA ARUNAVA , SAMANTA SNIGDHA , SARKAR SURAJ 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Field and laboratory experiments were conducted at Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV) to assess the diversity, bio-ecology and impact of weather variables on population dynamics of insect pests in pigeon pea during kharif season of 2016-2018. The results revealed that a total of 65 insect pest species were recorded in pigeon pea in the eastern India. Among them, 8, 30 and 27 numbers of species were classified as major, minor and negligible pests. Diversity study showed minimum variability between the two years. The average duration of life cycle of Helicoverpa armigera, Melanagromyza obtusa, Exelastis atomosa and Maruca vitrata were recorded at 43.16±0.74, 26.25±0.58, 36.5 ± 1.25 and 28.0 ± 1.50 days under relative humidity and temperature regime of 75 ± 2% and 28 ± 2°C, respectively. The population dynamics showed that H. armigera, M. vitrata, M. obtusa, E. atomosa and A. clavipes reached their peak during 8th standard meteorological week (SMW), 52nd SMW, 8th SMW, 7th SMW and 4th SMW with 1.40-1.66 larvae/plants, 14.73-15.60 larvae/plant, 208.33-212.33 maggot and pupae/plant, 9.73-10.53 larvae/plant and 43.00-47.0 grubs/plant during 2016-17 and 2017-18, respectively. The correlation analysis revealed that temperature (maximum and minimum) showed positive influence on larval population of H. armigera, M. obtusa, E. atomosa and A. clavipes whereas, maximum and minimum relative humidity and rainfall impacted negatively during both the years. In case of M. vitrata, maximum and minimum temperature demonstrated significant negative correlation, whereas maximum and minimum relative humidity showed positive and significant correlation during both the years. Whereas, rainfall showed non-significant negative correlation on pest population of all the pod borers of pigeon pea.
Efficacy of an AAV vector encoding a thermostable form of glucocerebrosidase in alleviating symptoms in a Gaucher disease mouse model
Authors: Futerman Anthony , Milenkovic Ivan , Blumenreich Shani , Hochfelder Ariel , Azulay Aviya , Biton Inbal , Zerbib Mirie , Oren Roni , Tsoory Michael , Joseph Tammar , Fleishman Sarel 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Almost all attempts to date at gene therapy approaches for monogenetic disease have used the amino acid sequences of the natural protein. In the current study, we use a designed, thermostable form of glucocerebrosidase (GCase), the enzyme defective in Gaucher disease (GD), to attempt to alleviate neurological symptoms in a GD mouse that models type 3 disease, i.e. the chronic neuronopathic juvenile subtype. Upon injection of an AAVrh10 (adeno-associated virus, serotype rh10) vector containing the designed GCase (dGCase) into the left lateral ventricle of Gba-/-;Gbatg mice, a significant improvement in body weight and life-span was observed, compared to injection of the same mouse with the wild type enzyme (wtGCase). Moreover, a reduction in levels of glucosylceramide (GlcCer), and an increase in levels of GCase activity were seen in the right hemisphere of Gba-/-;Gbatg mice, concomitantly with a significant improvement in motor function, reduction of neuroinflammation and a reduction in mRNA levels of various genes shown previously to be elevated in the brain of mouse models of neurological forms of GD. Together, these data pave the way for the possible use of modified proteins in gene therapy for lysosomal storage diseases and other monogenetic disorders.
Integrated analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma reveals disparate subtype of prognosis significance
Authors: Jiang Feng-le , Jiang Xin , Zhang Zhe-ting , Wang Jian-min , Liu Jing-feng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a complex disease with various contributing factors. Most clinical biomarkers fall short in providing an accurate prognostic evaluation for HCC patients. This underscores the urgent need to gain insight into the role of key molecules in disease progression and to develop more dependable prognosis prediction models. Our study reported that molecular subtyping based on transcriptome profiling could serve as an independent predictor of HCC prognosis. The joint use of molecular subtyping and American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system was superior to each individual factor as a prognostic indicator. The multi-omics analysis revealed the activation of signal transduction, cytokines interaction, cell proliferation pathways in category A (CA) tumors, while organic compound metabolism pathways were enriched in category B (CB) tumors. These findings indicated significant and substantial molecular differences among prognostically relevant subtypes. This research highlighted the potential for widespread development and validation of molecular subtyping to improve clinical management of HCC patients. Through gaining a better understanding of the molecular variances among subtypes, such as different pathogenic pathways, this approach could guide more effective and tailored therapeutic strategies.
Contrast-enhanced ultrasound predicts surgical margin positivity in patients with breast cancer who underwent partial mastectomy
Authors: Shima Hiroaki , Satomi Fukino , Kondo Yuta , Nishikawa Noriko , Uno Satoko , Wada Asaka , Noda Ai , Kyuno Daisuke , Kameshima Hidekazu , Ohmura Tosei , Sugita Shintaro , Yama Naoya , Takemasa Ichiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
The clinical disadvantage of positive margins in partial mastectomy for patients with operable breast cancer is clear and must be avoided; however, there is still room for improvement. The usefulness of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in diagnosing spread is currently well known. The CEUS-enhanced area for breast cancer tends to be wider than that observed in B-mode and probably includes cancer cells. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between characteristic findings and positive for margins in order to ultimately prove potential usefulness of CEUS in making the surgical margin negative.
Methods
We retrospectively evaluated the data of 142 patients with breast cancer who underwent partial mastectomy to explore the effect on positive margins when the CEUS staining area was smaller than the B-mode visualized mass (CEUS-B ≤ 0).
Results
CEUS-B ≤ 0 was associated with significantly more positive margins (p = 0.0467). CEUS-B was also extracted as an independent predictor on multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
The findings of no enhancement outside the area of visible tumor on CEUS but not visualized outside the area of visible tumor on B-mode might be a risk factor for a positive surgical margins.
Visual Tract Integrity before and after gene therapy in congenital Achromatopsia
Authors: Hillel Abramovitch , Bick Atira , Nitzan Guy , Deena Elul , Ayelet Mckyton , Eyal Banin , Netta Levin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

CNGA3-achromatopsia is a rare hereditary syndrome caused by dysfunction of cone photoreceptors, resulting in low acuity, photoaversion and complete color blindness. Trials utilizing gene therapy have recently been initiated, but only limited clinical improvement has been observed. To explain this suboptimal outcome, we used diffusion tensor image (DTI) to assess visual pathway integrity in three CNGA3-achromatopsia patients before and after gene therapy, and compared them to 16 normally sighted adults. No significant differences from normal subjects in optic tract and radiation integrity were detected. Fiber integrity reduction was observed in the occipito-callosal fibers. These differences showed some normalization after treatment, but inter-subject variability was evident. Specifically, the observed changes were related to radial diffusivities, reflecting fiber myelination or glial cell alterations. Despite the fundamental role of cone photoreceptors in human sight, primary visual pathways in CNGA3-achromatopsia patients are comparable to those of healthy individuals. Nevertheless, splenial fibers, which are involved in a later phase of visual processing, appear to be affected by the altered cortical activity, being less cohesive in naïve patients. Following treatment, these fibers regain some integrity, suggesting that novel information is processed within the visual cortex and that integrity may be restored to better transmit this information.
Paramos in Peril: case study on a blue gold hotspot of central Colombia
Authors: Murad Cesar Augusto , Pearse Jillian , Huguet Carme 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Paramos, unique and biodiverse ecosystems found solely in the high mountain regions of the tropics, are under threat. Despite their crucial role as primary water sources and significant carbon repositories in Colombia, they are deteriorating rapidly and garner less attention than other vulnerable ecosystems like the Amazon rainforest. Their fertile soil and unique climate make them prime locations for agriculture and cattle grazing, often coinciding with economically critical deposits such as coal which has led to a steady decline in paramo area. Anthropic impact was evaluated using multispectral images from Landsat and Sentinel over 37 years, on the Guerrero and Rabanal paramos in central Colombia which have experienced rapid expansion of mining and agriculture. Our analysis revealed that since 1984, the Rabanal and Guerrero paramos have lost 47.96% and 59.96% of their native vegetation respectively, replaced primarily by crops, pastures, and planted forests. We detected alterations in the spectral signatures of native vegetation near coal coking ovens, indicating a deterioration of paramo health and potential impact on ecosystem services. Consequently, human activity is reducing the extent of paramos and their efficiency as water sources and carbon sinks, potentially leading to severe regional and even global consequences.
A Wearable Hip Exoskeleton for Anaerobic Exercise in Healthy Adults
Authors: Kim Eunmi , Lee Su-Hyun , Kim Dongwoo , Yu Jungpil , Lee Hwang-Jae , Kim Yun-Hee 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Guidelines encouraging social distancing, limited outings, and remote work due to COVID-19 have increased sedentary periods and reduced levels of physical activity. These habits increase the risk of metabolic diseases, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes mellitus. The World Health Organization recommends muscle-strengthening exercises as well as regular physical activity to promote overall health. This study investigates the effect of a wearable hip exoskeleton on muscle activity and heart rate during anaerobic exercise in 40 healthy adults (mean age of 40.00 ± 11.51 years; n = 20 females). Bot Fit, a wearable hip-type robotic exoskeleton, was developed by Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Suwon, Republic of Korea) to enhance the effects of both aerobic and anaerobic exercise. All study participants performed a fitness exercise protocol, including knee-ups, good mornings, squats, mountain climbs, kick-backs, reverse lunges, and split jacks, with and without a Bot Fit. To evaluate the effect of anaerobic exercise with the Bot Fit, muscle activity and heart rate were measured during the performance of fitness exercises with and without a Bot Fit. Measured muscles included the rectus abdominis (RA), erector spinae (ES), rectus femoris (RF), vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), biceps femoris (BF), tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GCM), and gluteus maximus (GM). During anaerobic exercises with the Bot Fit, there was a significant increase in muscle activity compared to exercising without the Bot Fit. Muscle activity increased significantly in the RA, RF, VL, BF and TA muscles during knee-ups; in the ES, BF, and GM during good mornings; in the RF, VL, VM, BF, and GM during squats; in RA, RF, VL, VM, and GM during mountain climbs; in the RA and BF during kick-backs; in the RF, BF, and GCM during reverse lunges; and in the RF and VL during split jacks (p < 0.05). Heart rates showed a statistically significant increase during good mornings, mountain climbs, and reverse lunge exercises while wearing the Bot Fit (p < 0.05). This study demonstrated that anaerobic exercises by healthy adults using a Bot Fit led to enhanced activation of abdominal and lower-limb muscles as well as an improved heart rate, maximizing the effect of anaerobic exercise compared with the same exercise protocol without a Bot Fit. This suggests that use of a Bot Fit can increase the effectiveness of anaerobic exercise in healthy adults.