bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epigenetic changes and nontargeted radiation effects—Is there a link?
Authors: Kovalchuk Olga , Baulch Janet E. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIt is now well accepted that the effects of ionizing radiation (IR) exposure can be noticed far beyond the borders of the directly irradiated tissue. IR can affect neighboring cells in the proximity, giving rise to a bystander effect. IR effects can also span several generations and influence the progeny of exposed parents, leading to transgeneration effects. Bystander and transgeneration IR effects are linked to the phenomenon of the IR‐induced genome instability that manifests itself as chromosome aberrations, gene mutations, late cell death, and aneuploidy. While the occurrence of the abovementioned phenomena is well documented, the exact mechanisms that lead to their development have still to be delineated. Evidence suggests that the IR‐induced genome instability, bystander, and transgeneration effects may be epigenetically mediated. The epigenetic changes encompass DNA methylation, histone modification, and RNA‐associated silencing. Recent studies demonstrated that IR exposure alters epigenetic parameters in the directly exposed tissues and in the distant bystander tissues. Transgeneration radiation effects were also proposed to be of an epigenetic nature. We will discuss the role of the epigenetic mechanisms in radiation responses, bystander effects, and transgeneration effects. Environ. Mol. Mutagen., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Endogenous sex hormones and the risk of prostate cancer: A prospective study
Authors: Weiss Jocelyn M. , Huang Wen‐Yi , Rinaldi Sabina , Fears Thomas R. , Chatterjee Nilanjan , Hsing Ann W. , Crawford E. David , Andriole Gerald L. , Kaaks Rudolf , Hayes Richard B. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSex steroid hormones influence prostate development and maintenance through their roles in prostate cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Although suspected to be involved in prostate carcinogenesis, an association between circulating androgens and prostate cancer has not been clearly established in epidemiologic studies. We conducted a nested case‐control study with prospectively collected samples in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial, to examine associations of prostate cancer with androstenedione (Δ4‐A), testosterone (T), sex hormone‐binding globulin (SHBG) and 3α‐androstanediol glucuronide (3α‐diolG). A total of 727 incident Caucasian prostate cancer cases (age ≥ 65 years, N = 396) and 889 matched controls were selected for this analysis. Overall, prostate cancer risks were unrelated to serum T, estimated free and bioavailable T, and SHBG; however, risks increased with increasing T:SHBG ratio (ptrend = 0.01), mostly related to risk in older men (≥65 years, ptrend = 0.001), particularly for aggressive disease [highest versus lowest quartile: odds ratio (OR) 2.76, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–5.09]. No clear patterns were noted for Δ4‐A and 3α‐diolG. In summary, our large prospective study did not show convincing evidence of a relationship between serum sex hormones and prostate cancer. T:SHBG ratio was related to risk in this older population of men, but the significance of this ratio in steroidal biology is unclear. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On‐farm remediation and fertility enhancement of cadmium‐contaminated silt loam by electrokinetic treatment process in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Po‐Wen , Tan Yih‐Chi , Wang I‐Sen 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe purpose of this research was a large‐scale project, of an on‐farm remediation of cadmium‐contaminated silty loam by an electrokinetic treatment process in Taiwan. The electrokinetic (EK) treatment process is a useful remedial technology, particularly for soil with low permeability. This pilot test farm implements EK technology to remove heavy metal Cd from the silty loam in rice paddies, and evaluates the removal efficiency of the Cd, as well as soil fertility enhancement during the EK treatment process. A citric acid–surfactant mixture was used as the treatment solution, applied under an electrical current, to improve the removal of the Cd, while simultaneously enhancing the fertility of the silty farm soil. The test results revealed that the EK process gained a Cd removal efficiency of 76.6%; in addition, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, Bray‐1 phosphorus, and exchangeable potassium and magnesium were relatively elevated after 92 days of treatment duration. This study concluded that the on‐farm EK treatment technology would be capable of mitigating soil contaminated with not only heavy metals, but also organic compounds in the future. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chromosome damage in workers in cigarette manufacturing industry
Authors: Milić Mirta , Kašuba Vilena , Oreščanin Višnja , Želježić Davor , Kopjar Nevenka , Rozgaj Ružica 
Published: January 2008

AbstractTo investigate whether occupational exposure to tobacco dust is genotoxic, a group of employees in a tobacco factory was tested for structural chromosome aberrations (CA), cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay (CBMN) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) that are well established as indicators of early biological effects. The study group consisted of 40 tobacco workers and an equal number of matched controls. The results obtained in the exposed group showed a significant increase in chromosome aberrations (R = 0.26), micronucleus frequency (R = 0.56) and in sister chromatid exchanges (R = 0.75), which was additionally influenced by smoking. A significant increase in high frequency cells (HFC) in the exposed group was also observed. Like the SCE frequency, the HFC frequency increased significantly in smokers of the control and exposed smokers. The study indicates that occupational exposure to tobacco dust induces genome damage. A higher risk was observed in women. The micronucleus frequency and sister chromatid exchange tests seem to be more reliable indicators of genome damage than chromosome aberrations in monitoring chronically exposed subjects. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
S1P‐lyase independent clearance of extracellular sphingosine 1‐phosphate after dephosphorylation and cellular uptake
Authors: Peest Ulrike , Sensken Sven‐Christian , Andréani Paul , Hänel Petra , Van Veldhoven Paul P. , Gräler Markus H. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractSphingosine 1‐phosphate (S1P) is the natural ligand for a specific family of G protein‐coupled receptors (‐Rs). The type 1 S1P‐R (S1P1) is important for lymphocyte egress, and blood‐borne S1P as the natural ligand for S1P1 is involved in the maintenance of lymphocyte circulation. This report reveals that extracellular S1P was cleared by all tested primary cells and cell lines with exponential progression. Clearance of S1P, but not sphingosine (Sph) was inhibited with the protein phosphatase inhibitor sodium orthovanadate. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry using fluorescently labeled S1P and Sph showed a major cellular uptake of Sph, but not S1P. HPLC‐analyses with C17‐Sph demonstrated that cellular Sph accumulation was transient in tested cell lines, but enduring in mouse splenocytes. Sub cellular fractionation resulted in dephosphorylation of S1P to Sph by nuclear, membrane, and cytosolic fractions. Degradation of Sph however only occurred in combined membrane and cytosolic fractions. Inhibitors for Sph kinases 1/2, ceramide synthase, and S1P‐lyase, as well as S1P‐lyase deficiency did not block clearance of extracellular S1P. In vivo experiments revealed a transient increase in plasma S1P levels after single intravenous injection into C57BL/6 mice. This exogenously added S1P was cleared within 15–30 min in contrast to ex vivo incubation of whole blood which required more than 8 h for comparable clearance from plasma. Our data thus show that extracellular S1P is dephosphorylated and subsequently converted by cells, which appears to be important for clearance of the signaling molecule S1P in the local tissue environment after infections or injuries. J. Cell. Biochem. 104: 756–772, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Breeding upland rice for drought resistance
Authors: Bernier Jérôme , Atlin Gary N , Serraj Rachid , Kumar Arvind , Spaner Dean 
Published: January 2008

AbstractUpland rice, produced by smallholder farmers, is the lowest‐yielding rice production system. Drought stress is the most severe abiotic constraint in upland rice. Improving productivity of rice in the upland ecosystem is essential to meet rice food security needs of impoverished upland communities. Breeding drought‐resistant upland rice is therefore an increasingly important goal. Numerous secondary characters have been suggested to help plant breeders in their selections. Most of these traits are not used in selection, as they are not practical for selection purposes, exhibit low heritability, or are not highly correlated with grain yield. The use of managed drought stress, where drought stress can be imposed at specific periods, has been shown to increase the heritability of yield under stress to values similar to those obtained for yield in well‐watered conditions. It has now been demonstrated that drought‐tolerant upland rice can be bred by directly selecting for yield in stress environments. The use of molecular markers to perform selection may eventually provide plant breeders with more efficient selection methods. To date, many quantitative trait loci (QTL) for drought resistance have been identified in rice, but few are suitable for use in marker‐assisted selection. However, large‐effect drought resistance QTL have now been identified and may enable effective use of marker‐assisted selection for drought resistance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Identification of the unknown diffusion coefficient in a quasi‐linear parabolic equation by semigroup approach with mixed boundary conditions
Authors: Ozbilge Ebru 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this article, a semigroup approach is presented for the mathematical analysis of the inverse coefficient problems of identifying the unknown diffusion coefficient k(u(x, t)) in the quasi‐linear parabolic equation ut(x, t)=(k(u(x, t))ux(x, t))x, with Dirichlet boundary conditions ux(0, t)=ψ0, u(1, t)=ψ1. The main purpose of this work is to analyze the distinguishability of the input–output mappings Φ[·] : 𝒦→C1[0, T], Ψ[·] : 𝒦→C1[0, T] using semigroup theory. In this article, it is shown that if the null space of semigroups T(t) and S(t) consists of only a zero function, then the input–output mappings Φ[·] and Ψ[·] have the distinguishability property. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and uniqueness for a mathematical model in superfluidity
Authors: Berti V. , Fabrizio M. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractIn this paper we propose a model to study superfluidity by considering as state variables the order parameter, describing the concentration of the superfluid phase, the velocity of the superfluid and the absolute temperature. We assume that the order parameter satisfies a Ginzburg–Landau equation and that the velocity is decomposed as the sum of a normal and a superfluid component. The heat equation provides the evolution equation for the temperature. We prove that this model is consistent with the principles of thermodynamics. Well‐posedness of the resulting initial and boundary value problem is shown. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An assessment of the archaeological applicability of faunal ageing methods based on dental wear
Authors: Twiss K. C. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractMortality profiles are central to our reconstructions of past animal hunting and herding strategies. This article considers five different ageing methods based on the progressive wear of hypsodont herbivore teeth. The Quadratic Crown Height Method and the Linear Crown Height Method are based on tooth crown height. The Grant and both Payne methods are based on occlusal wear patterns. Statistical correlations and mortality profiles constructed using caprine teeth from the Anatolian Neolithic site of Çatalhöyük are used to assess the archaeological utility of each method. All of the methods are affected by uncertainties about inter‐ and intrapopulation variation in rates of wear, and by issues surrounding the degree of fragmentation in an assemblage. The crown height methods are biased against younger age classes. The occlusal wear‐based methods suffer less from inherent age‐related biases, but have significant and potentially biasing problems related to fragmentation. The degree of fragmentation in an assemblage determines which method is most appropriate for use. Comparisons of dental wear‐based mortality profiles across assemblages or sites should be treated with considerable caution, unless the same method was used on all assemblages. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization and plant expression of a glyphosate‐tolerant enolpyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase
Authors: Vande Berg Brian J , Hammer Philip E , Chun Betty L , Schouten Laura C , Carr Brian , Guo Rong , Peters Cheryl , Hinson Todd K , Beilinson Vadim , Shekita Amy , Deter Rebekah , Chen Zhixian , Samoylov Vladimir , Bryant Charles T , Stauffer Maria E , Eberle Timothy , Moellenbeck Dan J , Carozzi Nadine B , Koziel Mike G , Duck Nicholas B 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Glyphosate tolerance is a dominant trait in modern biotech crops.RESULTS: A gene encoding a glyphosate‐tolerant EPSP synthase (aroA1398) from bacterial strain ATX1398 was cloned and characterized. The protein is initiated at a GTG translational start codon to produce a protein that provides robust glyphosate resistance in Escherichia coli (Mig) Cast & Chalm. The aroA1398 protein was expressed and purified from E. coli, and key kinetic values were determined (Ki = 161 µM; Km(PEP) = 11.3 µM; kcat = 28.3 s−1). The full‐length enzyme is 800‐fold more resistant to glyphosate than the maize EPSP synthase while retaining high affinity for the substrate phosphoenol pyruvate. To evaluate further the potential of aroA1398, transgenic maize events expressing the aroA1398 protein were generated. T0 plants were screened for tolerance to glyphosate sprays at 1.3× commercial spray rates, and T1 plants were selected that completely resisted glyphosate sprays at 1×, 2× and 4× recommended spray rates in field trials.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that aroA1398 is a suitable candidate for conferring glyphosate tolerance in transgenic crop plants. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Toxicity and sublethal effects of an insecticidal soap on Aphidius colemani (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Authors: Tremblay Éléonore , Bélanger André , Brosseau Marcel , Boivin Guy 
Published: January 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: The effects of an insecticidal soap on the survival, fitness and behaviour of an aphid parasitoid wasp, Aphidius colemani (Viereck), were studied in the laboratory. The LC50 (soap concentration causing 50% mortality 24 h after treatment) was determined. The survival of parasitoid larvae (% adult emergence), fitness (tibia length of adults) and number of eggs produced per female parasitoid that survived in third‐ and fourth‐instar aphids treated with insecticidal soap LC50 were also assessed. The LC50 for third‐ and fourth‐instar aphids was determined to be 3.25 g L−1. Acceptance by female parasitoids of aphids that survived their LC50 was also tested.RESULTS: The soap concentration causing 100% mortality in adult wasps 24 h after treatment was 17.5 g L−1. The LC50 was 2.75 g L−1. Soap did not have any effect on the survival of parasitoid immatures or on the fitness or number of eggs produced per female parasitoid. Wasps that were in contact with treated aphids did not oviposit as much in them as in untreated aphids, indicating that female parasitoids detected aphids treated with insecticidal soap.CONCLUSION: These data suggest that aphid parasitoids released following treatment with insecticidal soap are likely to accept a lower proportion of the surviving aphids. Biological control programmes could be ameliorated by soap applications if the latter were made 1 day before the release of wasps in the greenhouse. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The Relationship Between Online Game Addiction and Aggression, Self-Control and Narcissistic Personality Traits
Authors: Kim Eun Joo , Namkoong Kee , Ku Taeyun , Kim Se Joo 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectives.This study aimed to explore the relationship between online game addiction and aggression, self-control, and narcissistic personality traits, which are known as the psychological characteristics linked to “at-risk” populations for online game addiction.Method.A total of 1471 online game users (males 82.7%, females 17.3%, mean age 21.30 ± 4.96) participated in this study and were asked to complete several self-report measures using an online response method. Questionnaires included demographic information and game use-related characteristics of the samples, the online game addiction scale (modified from Young's Internet addiction scale), the Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire, a self-control scale, and the narcissistic personality disorder scale.Results.Our results indicated that aggression and narcissistic personality traits are positively correlated with online game addiction, whereas self-control is negatively correlated with online game addiction (p< 0.001). In addition, a multiple regression analysis revealed that the extent of online game addiction could be predicted based on the person's narcissistic personality traits, aggression, self-control, interpersonal relationship, and occupation. However, only 20% of the variance in behavioral consequences was explained with the model.Conclusion.An interesting profile has emerged from the results of this study, suggesting that certain psychological characteristics such as aggression, self-control, and narcissistic personality traits may predispose some individuals to become addicted to online games. This result will deepen our understanding of the “at-risk” population for online game addiction and provide basic information that can contribute to developing a prevention program for people who are addicted to online games.
Dietary soya saponins increase gut permeability and play a key role in the onset of soyabean-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.)
Authors: Knudsen David , Jutfelt Fredrik , Sundh Henrik , Sundell Kristina , Koppe Wolfgang , Frøkiær Hanne 
Published: January 2008

Saponins are naturally occurring amphiphilic molecules and have been associated with many biological activities. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether soya saponins trigger the onset of soyabean-induced enteritis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.), and to examine if dietary soya saponins increase the epithelial permeability of the distal intestine in Atlantic salmon. Seven experimental diets containing different levels of soya saponins were fed to seawater-adapted Atlantic salmon for 53 d. The diets included a fishmeal-based control diet, two fishmeal-based diets with different levels of added soya saponins, one diet containing 25 % lupin kernel meal, two diets based on 25 % lupin kernel meal with different levels of added soya saponins, and one diet containing 25 % defatted soyabean meal. The effect on intestinal morphology, intestinal epithelial permeability and faecal DM content was examined. Fish fed 25 % defatted soyabean meal displayed severe enteritis, whereas fish fed 25 % lupin kernel meal had normal intestinal morphology. The combination of soya saponins and fishmeal did not induce morphological changes but fish fed soya saponins in combination with lupin kernel meal displayed significant enteritis. Increased epithelial permeability was observed in fish fed 25 % defatted soyabean meal and in fish fed soya saponin concentrate independent of the protein source in the feed. The study demonstrates that soya saponins, in combination with one or several unidentified components present in legumes, induce an inflammatory reaction in the distal intestine of Atlantic salmon. Soya saponins increase the intestinal epithelial permeability but do not, per se, induce enteritis.
Associations between self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption and home availability of fruit and vegetables among Greek primary-school children
Authors: Koui Eleni , Jago Russell 
Published: January 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo examine whether the self-reported fruit and vegetable consumption of Greek primary-school children is associated with the home availability of fruit and vegetables.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFive primary schools in the city of Pyrgos in south-west Greece.SubjectsOne hundred and sixty-seven students in fifth and sixth grades.MethodsFruit and vegetable consumption was assessed using an FFQ. Home availability of fruit and vegetables was assessed using a modified version of a US home availability questionnaire. Participant BMI was assessed and parental education obtained by self-report. Hierarchical regression models that took account of the clustering of participants in schools were used to examine the relationship between consumption and availability after controlling for parental education and BMI.ResultsRegression analyses showed that home availability of fruit was a significant predictor of consumption (β= 0·524,Z= 9·77,P< 0·001) in a model that explained 46 % of the overall variance. Home availability of vegetables was a significant predictor of vegetable intake (β= 0·378,Z= 6·23,P< 0·001) in a model that explained 29 % of the overall variance.ConclusionHome availability of fruit and vegetables was associated with consumption among Greek primary-school children. The association between home availability of fruit and intake was higher than the associations that have been reported in other samples. Results support focusing on the home availability of fruit and vegetables as a potential mediator of consumption that could be manipulated as a means of increasing fruit and vegetable intake among children.
The species of Ibidoecus (Phthiraptera) on Threskiornis (Aves)
Authors: CLAY THERESA 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe species of Ibidoecus parasitic on the Ibis genus Threskiornis are reviewed‐clausus (Giebel), dianae Tandan, insularis sp.n., tandani sp.n., threskiornis Bedford‐and a key for their identification presented. The host and geographical distribution of the phthirapteran parasites of this genus are discussed.
Comments on some recent studies of tsetse‐fly phylogeny and structure
Authors: GRIFFITHS GRAHAM C. D. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractThe theory of the ‘gasterophiloid origin of the tsetse fliesxy’ advanced by Pollock (1971, 1973) is not warranted by the arguments presented in support of it. The traditional view that warble and bot flies are monophyletic, and that hence the ‘Gasterophilidae’ can be included as a subordinate group of the Oestridae s.l., remains unrefuted. The claim of Popham & Tenabe (1973, 1974) that no rotation occurs in the male postabdomen of Glossina is erroneous.
A taxonomic review of Phlebotomus (Idiophlebotomus) (Psychodidae)
Authors: LEWIS D. J. , LANE R. P. 
Published: January 2008

AbstractFive known species (asperulus Quate & Fairchild, erebicolus Quate, pholetor Quate & Fairchild, sejunctus Quate, and stellae Quate) of the caverni‐colous subgenus Phlebotomus (Idiophlebotomus) are discussed in relation to newly recognized species from West Malaysia and India. P. frondifer n.sp. and P. tubifer n.sp. are described and a key to the adults of all seven species is given. General features of the subgenus are discussed, with particular reference to the functional relationships between the specialized morphology of the mouthparts and the probable bat hosts of these species.