bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Spatial regression models to assess variations of composite index for anthropometric failure across the administrative zones in Ethiopia
Authors: Fenta Haile Mekonnen , Zewotir Temesgen , Muluneh Essey Kebede 
Published: February 2024

Background
There are a number of previous studies that investigated undernutrition and its determinants in Ethiopia. However, the national average in the level of undernutrition conceals large variation across administrative zones of Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to determine the geographic distribution of composite index for anthropometric failure (CIAF) and identify the influencing factors it’ might be more appropriate

Methods
We used the zonal-level undernutrition data for the under-five children in Ethiopia from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) dataset. Different spatial models were applied to explore the spatial distribution of the CIAF and the covariates.

Results
The Univariate Moran’s I statistics for CIAF showed spatial heterogeneity of undernutrition in Ethiopian administrative zones. The spatial autocorrelation model (SAC) was the best fit based on the AIC criteria. Results from the SAC model suggested that the CIAF was positively associated with mothers’ illiteracy rate (0.61, pvalue 0.001), lower body mass index (0.92, pvalue = 0.023), and maximum temperature (0.2, pvalue = 0.0231) respectively. However, the CIAF was negatively associated with children without any comorbidity (-0.82, pvalue = 0.023), from families with accessibility of improved drinking water (-0.26, pvalue = 0.012), and minimum temperature (-0.16).

Conclusion
The CIAF across the administrative zones of Ethiopia is spatially clustered. Improving women’s education, improving drinking water, and improving child breast feeding can reduce the prevalence of undernutrition (CIAF) across Ethiopian administrative zones. Moreover, targeted intervention in the geographical hotspots of CIAF can reduce the burden of CIAF across the administrative zones.
An eight-year follow-up on auditory outcomes after neonatal hearing screening
Authors: Kleinhuis Jolien J. G. , de Graaff-Korf Karin , van Straaten Henrica L. M. , van Dommelen Paula , Benard Michel R. 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The aim of this study is to assess the neonatal click Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) results in relation to the subsequently determined mean hearing loss (HL) over 1, 2 and 4 kHz, as well as over 2 and 4 kHz.

Methods
Between 2004–2009, follow-up data were collected from Visual Reinforcement Audiometry (VRA) at 1 and 2 years and playaudiometry at 4 and 8 years of newborns who had failed neonatal hearing screening in the well-baby clinics and who had been referred to a single Speech and Hearing center. Hearing Level data were compared with ABR threshold-levels established during the first months of life. The Two One-Sided Tests equivalence procedure for paired means was applied, using a region of similarity equal to 10 dB.

Results
Initially, in 135 out of 172 children referred for diagnostic procedures hearing loss was confirmed in the neonatal period. In 106/135 of the HL children the eight-year follow-up was completed. Permanent conductive HL was established in 5/106 cases; the hearing thresholds were predominantly stable over time. Temporary conductive HL was found in 48/106 cases and the loss disappeared by 4 years of age at the latest. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) was found in 53/106 cases, of which 13 were unilateral and 40 bilateral. ABR levels were equivalent (within a 10 dB range) to VRA levels at age 1 and 2 and play audiometry levels at age 4 and 8, both when VRA and play audiometry were averaged over both frequency ranges.

Conclusion
Long term follow-up data of children with SNHL suggest that the initial click ABR level established in the first months of life, are equivalent to the hearing threshold measured at the age of 1, 2, 4 and 8 years for both mean frequency ranges. Click ABR can reliably be used as starting point for long-term hearing rehabilitation.
Prevalence and factors associated with contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls in 25 sub-Saharan African countries
Authors: Michael Turnwait Otu , Ojo Tolulope Funmilola , Ijabadeniyi Olasupo Augustine , Ibikunle Michael Ayodele , Oni James Olukayode , Agboola Adebanke Adeorite 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
Various countries in sub-Saharan Africa have taken divergent steps toward achieving the Sustainable Development Goal’s target of universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services by 2030, particularly among sexually active adolescent girls who are at risk of unplanned pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. However, because contraceptive use among sexually active adolescents remains unexplored in sub-Saharan Africa, the researchers intended to examine the prevalence and factors associated with contraceptive use among adolescent girls who had been sexually active in the previous four weeks.

Materials and methods
Cross-sectional data from the most recent demographic and health surveys of 25 sub-Saharan African countries on 16,442 sexually active adolescent girls were analyzed. In the analyses, descriptive statistics and multivariate binary logistic regression were used. Analyses were statistically significant at p<0.05.

Results
The overall prevalence of contraceptive use was 25.4%. Chad had the lowest prevalence (4%), while Namibia had the highest (60.5%). Over 90% of the countries studied had less than 50% contraceptive use among sexually active adolescent girls. Adolescent girls withhigher education were eight times more likely than those with no formal education to use contraception (aOR = 7.97, 95% Cl = 6.26-9.45). When compared to single adolescent girls, married adolescent girls were 66% less likely to use contraceptives (aOR = 0.34, 95% Cl = 0.31-0.36). Adolescent girls with two or more children were seven times more likely than those without a child to use contraceptives (aOR = 6.91, 95% Cl = 5.58-8.56).

Conclusion
It is established that there exists a low prevalence of contraceptive use among adolescent girls in sub-Saharan Africa. As countries in the sub-region strive for universal access to reproductive health services, it is critical for the governments and civil societies in countries with low contraceptive use to strengthen mass education on the use of contraception among sexually active adolescents, with special emphasis on the less educated, married, and adolescent girls from poor households.
Effect of intranasal administration of concentrated growth factors on regeneration of the olfactory epithelium in an olfactory dysfunction-induced rat model
Authors: Kai Naruhiko , Nishida Naoya , Aoishi Kunihide , Takagi Taro , Hato Naohito 
Published: February 2024

Objective
The development of treatments that promote the regenerative capacity of the olfactory epithelium (OE) is desirable. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of intranasal administration of concentrated growth factors (CGFs) in a rat model of olfactory dysfunction.

Study design
Animal study.

Methods
Nineteen male rats were used. Fourteen olfactory dysfunction models were created by intraperitoneal administration of 3-methylindole. We randomly divided the rats from the olfactory dysfunction model after 1 week into the CGF or saline group; CGFs were administered to seven animals and saline to seven animals. Behavioral assessments using the avoidance test were conducted until day 28 after CGF/saline administration. On day 28, histological evaluation was conducted to determine olfactory epithelial thickness and the olfactory marker protein (OMP)-positive cell count. Five animals were intraperitoneally injected with saline as the control group.

Results
The avoidance rate remained decreased until 28 days after CGF/saline administration, and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Olfactory epithelial thicknesses on day 28 were 38.64 ± 3.17 μm and 32.84 ± 4.50 μm in the CGF and saline groups, respectively. OE thickness was significantly thicker in the CGF group than in the saline group (P = 0.013). The numbers of OMP-positive cells were 40.29 ± 9.77/1.0 × 104 μm2 and 31.00 ± 3.69/1.0 × 104 μm2 in the CGF and saline groups, respectively. The number of OMP+ cells in the CGF group was significantly increased compared with that in the saline group (P = 0.009). Both groups showed no improvement compared with the control group (OE thickness: 54.08 ± 3.36 μm; OMP+ cell count: 56.90 ± 9.91/1.0 × 104 μm2).

Conclusions
The CGF group showed improved olfactory epithelial thickness and OMP-positive cell numbers compared with that in the saline group.
Dietary regimens appear to possess significant effects on the development of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART)-associated metabolic syndrome
Authors: Chege Boniface M. , Mwangi Peter W. , Githinji Charles G. , Bukachi Frederick 
Published: February 2024

Introduction
This study investigated the interactions between a low protein high calorie (LPHC) diet and an integrase inhibitor-containing antiretroviral drug regimen (INI-CR)in light of evidence suggesting that the initiation of cART in patients with poor nutritional status is a predictor of mortality independent of immune status.

Methods
Freshly weaned Sprague Dawley rats (120) were randomized into the standard, LPHC and normal protein high calorie (NPHC) diet groups (n = 40/group) initially for 15 weeks. Thereafter, experimental animals in each diet group were further randomized into four treatment sub-groups (n = 10/group) Control (normal saline), group 1(TDF+3TC+DTG and Tesamorelin), group 2 (TDF+3TC+DTG), and Positive control (AZT+3TC+ATV/r) with treatment and diets combined for 9 weeks. Weekly body weights, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT); lipid profiles, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides and adiposity were assessed at week 24.

Results
At week 15, body weights increased between the diet group in phase 1(standard 146 ± 1.64 vs. 273.1 ± 1.56 g), (NPHC, 143.5 ± 2.40 vs. 390.2 ± 4.94 g) and (LPHC, 145.5 ± 2.28 g vs. 398.3 ± 4.89 g) (p< 0.0001). A similar increase was noted in the FBG and OGTT (p< 0.0001). In phase 2, there was an increase in FBG, OGTT, body weights, lipid profile, liver weights, hepatic triglycerides, adiposity and insulin levels in group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC diet groups (p<0.0001). Growth hormone levels were decreased in Tesamorelin-free group 2 and positive control in both NPHC and LPHC (p< 0.0001).

Conclusions
The obesogenic activities of the LPHC diet exceeded that of the NPHC diet and interacted with both integrase-containing and classical cART drug regimens to reproduce cART associated metabolic dysregulation. The effects were however reversed by co-administration with tesamorelin, a synthetic growth hormone releasing hormone analogue.
The Vajracchedikā, the Self, and the Path. Kamalaśīla on Logic and Scriptures
Authors: Saccone Margherita Serena 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
In the *Vajracchedikāṭīkā, while commenting on a specific passage of the Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā, Kamalaśīla presents a refutation of the Self (ātman). As is well known, the Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā is one of the most important sūtras of the Buddhist Mahāyāna tradition and concerns the correct practice for those who proceed in the path of a Bodhisattva. In this article, I shall analyze a portion of Kamalaśīla’s refutation, based on a new critical edition and English translation of the *Vajracchedikāṭīkā. I will show how he takes the opportunity, while commenting on scriptures, to combine logic/epistemology and soteriology. He does this by including philosophical arguments in his explanation of the cultivation of insight, and accordingly within the spiritual path of a Bodhisattva. In the process, I shall also investigate sources containing disputes between Buddhists and Naiyāyikas (as well as Vaiśeṣikas) regarding the Self. These are evidently the background of Kamalaśīla’s refutation. In particular, he defends the so-called Buddhist non-apprehension argument against Uddyotakara’s doctrine of the perceptibility of the Self.
Kamalaśı̄la’s Interpretation and Philosophy of the Middle Way
Authors: Keira Ryusei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Madhyamaka philosophy is considered the philosophy of the middle way (madhyamā pratipad). Madhyamaka philosophers acknowledge that the middle way is free from the two extremes of existence and nonexistence. However, when analyzing the way they understand the middle way, we encounter differing interpretations. In his Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 24.18, Nāgārjuna says “precisely this [voidness] is the middle way (pratipad … madhyamā)” (18d). According to Avalokitavrata, Bhāviveka interprets the term pratipad madhyamā in stanza 18d as referring to two types of middle way, i.e., a conventional type and an ultimate one, while Candrakı̄rti comments on stanza 18d that voidness is the middle way. When in his Madhyamakālaṃkārapañjikā Kamalaśı̄la comments on verse 18, he seems to interpret that term neither as voidness or the two types of middle way. His interpretation of the term seems to be different from Nāgārjuna’s and his commentators’. In this article, in order to clarify his interpretation and philosophy of the middle way, we first analyze Kamalaśı̄la’s comments on verse 18. Next is an examination of whether he accepts the conventional type of middle way and the ultimate type, that is, voidness (= ultimate reality) free from the two extremes, and a clarification of his central idea of the middle way and his systematization of the different types of middle way. After an analysis of his idea of the practice for eliminating the two extremes, we will lastly examine his philosophy of the middle way. These analyses will allow us to say that by means of his central idea of the middle way, Kamalaśı̄la systematized his Madhyamaka philosophy as the path (mārga) for fully achieving the understanding of the middle way.
Kamalaśīla’s Views on Dependent Origination
Authors: Eltschinger Vincent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Directly or indirectly, by way of scriptural commentary or philosophical investigation, dependent origination (pratītyasamutpāda) plays an important role in several of Kamalaśīla’s works. His interpretation is remarkably consistent. As earlier “Yogācāra-Mādhyamika” authors such as Śrīgupta, Jñānagarbha and Śāntarakṣita, Kamalaśīla regards dependent origination as one of the characteristic features of genuine conventional reality, non-origination (anutpāda) being characteristic of ultimate reality/truth. Genuine conventional reality and ultimate reality correspond to the two modes – conventional and ultimate – of dependent origination in the ŚSūṬ, a commentary whose purpose was to provide the ŚSū with a Mādhyamika interpretation. Although it seems to leave no room for the Madhyamaka and culminates in a Yogācāra analysis of reality, the TSP likely is no exception to this, as its maṅgala’s indebtedness to Nāgārjuna already suggests. Close comparative and intertextual analysis reveals that the intention underlying the TS(P) was to provide a description of true conventional reality, i.e., the domain of dependently originated though ultimately essenceless entities similar to magical horses and elephants. As a corollary, Śāntarakṣita and Kamalaśīla attempted to “purify” it from pseudo-entities, i.e., non dependently originated fictions, or, equivalently, entities with incongruous causes (viṣamahetu), such as a rabbit’s horn, the self, and God. In this perspective, the TS(P) can be read as a detailed philosophical propedeutics to a Mādhyamika analysis of reality, cognition, and truth.
Two triazole-based coordination polymers: Synthesis and crystal structure characterization
Authors: Li Jing , Ren Hongjiang , Li Jiangtao , Wang Liuchang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Here we reported two new triazole-based coordination polymers (CPs), i.e., [Zn(Hdatrz)(μ
2-O)]
n
(1) together with [Mn(Hdatrz)(C2O4)]
n
·n(H2O) (2) (Hdatrz = 3,5-diamino-1,2,4-triazole), which were generated under solvothermal conditions. The influence of different metal ions on the structure and properties of CPs was investigated. The CPs’ whole structures have been completely characterized by the powder X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. It is noteworthy that, upon excitation at 390 nm, ligands of compounds 1 and 2, as well as the metal complexes, all exhibit luminescence at 432 nm.
Evaluating the single-frequency static precise point positioning accuracies from multi-constellation GNSS observations at an Indian low-latitude station
Authors: Aginiparthi Anantha Srinivas , Vankadara Ram Kumar , Mokkapati Ravi Kumar , Panda Sampad Kumar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Multiple constellations and their combinations in the global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) provide a great opportunity for single-station precise point positioning (PPP) models. The PPP models are of more importance for GNSS users as they are cost-effective with reasonable accuracy. There are abundant models in the market that use different data processing techniques based on the location and constellations used. In this study, we used the precise point positioning (PPP) software Net_Diff to verify the positioning accuracy at a low latitude Indian location using individual global satellite constellations (GPS, GLONASS, Galileo, BeiDou) and their combinations with GPS fixed. The ionospheric correction models such as GIM and Klobuchar are applied in the post-processing to determine the positioning accuracy. The Kalman filter method is applied to model the input data along with including the noise to derive the position solution. The results revealed that the GPS showed constant residual error for both quiet and disturbed days. In terms of single constellation Galileo produced less residuals in WGS 84 and ECEF coordinate systems whereas in the multi-constellation combination GPS, Galileo and GLONASS resulted in residuals of lesser magnitudes compared to the other combinations considered in this study. The RMS and STD of the residuals confirmed the high precision for Galileo and low precision for BeiDou constellations at the location.
The future of quantum technologies: superfluorescence from solution-processed, tunable materials
Authors: Russ Brendan , Eisler Carissa N. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
One of the most significant and surprising recent developments in nanocrystal studies was the observation of superfluorescence from a system of self-assembled, colloidal perovskite nanocrystals [G. Rainò, M. A. Becker, M. I. Bodnarchuk, R. F. Mahrt, M. V. Kovalenko, and T. Stöferle, “Superfluorescence from lead halide perovskite quantum dot superlattices,” Nature, vol. 563, no. 7733, pp. 671–675, 2018]. Superfluorescence is a quantum-light property in which many dipoles spontaneously synchronize in phase to create a collective, synergistic photon emission with a much faster lifetime. Thus, it is surprising to observe this in more inhomogenous systems as solution-processed and colloidal structures typically suffer from high optical decoherence and non-homogeneous size distributions. Here we outline recent developments in the demonstration of superfluorescence in colloidal and solution-processed systems and explore the chemical and materials science opportunities allowed by such systems. The ability to create bright and tunable superfluorescent sources could enable transformative developments in quantum information applications and advance our understanding of quantum phenomena.
Advances and prospects for adsorption-driven valorization of newspapers using activated carbon: a short review
Authors: Putra Nicky Rahmana , Mohd Faizal Azrul Nurfaiz , Harsanti Elisabeth Srihayu , Rosniati Rosniati , Krismawati Amik , Arifin Zainal , Ngurah Arya Nyoman , Rahman Rahman , Rizkiyah Dwila Nur , Airlangga Bramantyo 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The valorization of newspaper waste through adsorption-driven processes using activated carbon presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management. This comprehensive review explores the advances and prospects of using activated carbon to enhance the value of newspapers. The fundamental properties of activated carbon, its unique adsorption mechanisms, and its interaction with contaminants commonly found in newspapers, such as ink dyes, heavy metals, and organic pollutants, are also discussed. Applications of activated carbon-treated newspapers span across air and water purification, soil enrichment, and odour control. The paper critically evaluates the environmental benefits of this approach, comparing it with conventional disposal methods. Furthermore, challenges associated with implementing activated carbon-assisted valorization and potential strategies for overcoming them are discussed. Real-world case studies highlight successful projects, shedding light on this innovative waste management solution’s economic viability and technological feasibility. This review concludes by emphasizing the role of adsorption-driven valorization in transforming newspaper waste into a valuable resource, addressing environmental concerns, and shaping future research directions.
Numerical study on flow and heat transfer performance of a spiral-wound heat exchanger for natural gas
Authors: Ya-bin Wang , Yang-fan Ma , Qian Zhang , Yan Zhou , Ting Ma , Yu Shi , Min Zeng 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The spiral-wound heat exchanger is a key equipment in the liquefied natural gas application, but the flow and heat transfer mechanisms remain unclarified. In this study, a three-dimensional numerical model is created, focusing on exploring the impact of four crucial structural parameters on the flow and heat transfer performance of natural gas, including the external diameter of tubes, the diameter of the core cylinder, the longitudinal pitch of tubes in the same layer, and the radial pitch of tube bundles between the adjacent layer. It was found that the tube diameter, core cylinder diameter, and radial pitch had significant effects on Nu and Δp
m. The optimal Nu on the shell side was obtained at medium core cylinder size. The longitudinal pitch had a weak effect on the performance of both sides, and the longitudinal pitch corresponding to the maximum values of Nu and Δp
m on both sides increased with the increase in the inlet Reynolds number. Under the effect of centrifugal force, a shifted tendency was shown by the velocity and temperature fields.