bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pancreas transplantation using type I and type II spontaneously diabetic rats—Our experimental experience
Authors: Ito Toshinori , Shimada Kazunori , Gang Miao , Uchikoshi Fumihiro , Tori Masayuki , Komoda Hiroshi , Fumimoto Yuichi , Ohmori Ken , Kawamoto Koichi , Tanemura Masahiro , Nozawa Masumi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPancreas transplantation (PTx) is the only therapy that can cure type 1 diabetes mellitus. With the recent advance of surgical procedures and immunosuppression, the outcome of PTx has become better than it used to be before, but some problems still remain. It is rather difficult to induce tolerance and to reverse rejection once it occurred because pancreas graft itself has a strong immunogenicity. Another important issue is regarding the recurrence of autoimmune disease in the pancreatic graft, therefore, some animal models are necessary to delineate and regulate those immune responses specific for PTx. Recently, PTx is also clinically applicable for type 2 diabetic patients with end‐stage renal disease. It has been shown that insulin resistance was improved by PTx in type 2 diabetic recipients. In the current study, we have introduced some useful type 1 and type 2 diabetic models mainly based on our experimental experiences. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2007.
ICAM‐1 expressed on hepatic stellate cells plays an important role in immune regulation
Authors: Yin Zhenyu , Jiang Guoping , Fung John J. , Lu Lina , Qian Shiguang 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors have demonstrated a strong T‐cell inhibitory activity of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), which may participate in the establishment of hepatic tolerance. The underlying mechanism is not completely understood. This study showed that intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1) was constitutively expressed on HSC, and up‐regulated upon activation. ICAM‐1 knockout mice was used to analyze the role of ICAM‐1 expressed on HSC, and showed that deficiency in ICAM‐1 expression partially reverses HSC immune inhibitory activity both in vitro and in vivo, but did not significantly affect their capacity to induce T‐cell apoptosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Microsurgery 2007.
Assessment of acceleration modelling for fluid‐filled porous media subjected to dynamic loading
Authors: Lenhof B. , Kettil P. , Runesson K. , Wiberg N.‐E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the importance of different possible simplifying approximations when performing numerical simulations of fluid‐filled porous media subjected to dynamic loading. In particular, the relative importance of the various acceleration terms for both the solid and the fluid, especially the convective contribution, is assessed. The porous medium is modelled as a binary mixture of a solid phase, in the sense of a porous skeleton, and a fluid phase that represents both liquid and air in the pores. The solid particles are assumed to be intrinsically incompressible, whereas the fluid is assigned a finite intrinsic compressibility. Finite element (FE) simulations are carried out while assuming material properties and loading conditions representative for a road structure. The results show that, for the range of the material data used in the simulations, omitting the relative acceleration gives differences in the solution of the seepage velocity field, whereas omitting only the convective term does not lead to significant differences. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bearing capacity of two interfering footings
Authors: Kumar Jyant , Kouzer K. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBy using an upper bound limit analysis in conjunction with finite elements and linear programming, the ultimate bearing capacity of two interfering rough strip footings, resting on a cohesionless medium, was computed. Along all the interfaces of the chosen triangular elements, velocity discontinuities were employed. The plastic strains were incorporated using an associated flow rule. For different clear spacing (S) between the two footings, the efficiency factor (ξγ) was determined, where ξγ is defined as the ratio of the failure load for a strip footing of given width in the presence of the other footing to that of a single isolated strip footing having the same width. The value of ξγ at S/B = 0 becomes equal to 2.0, and the maximum ξγ occurs at S/B =  Scr/B. For S/B⩽Scr/B, the ultimate failure load for a footing becomes almost half that of an isolated footing having width (2B + S), and the soil mass below and in between the two footings deforms mainly in the downward direction. In contrast, for S/B>Scr/B, ground heave was noticed along both the sides of the footing. As compared to the available theories, the analysis provides generally lower values of ξγ for S/B>Scr/B. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis in optimization of bionics bascule bridges
Authors: Tesar Alexander 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe optimization of modern bionics bascule bridges mapping the configurations from the nature and adopted in advanced structural engineering is dealt with in the present paper. Theoretical and numerical approaches suggested are based on the evolution algorithms also appearing in the nature. Generalized synthesis in optimization of ultimate behaviour of bionics bascule bridges is analysed. Actual structural application based on such principles is submitted. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A bridge between projection methods and SIMPLE type methods for incompressible Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Ni Ming‐Jiu , Abdou Mohamed A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA bridge is built between projection methods and SIMPLE type methods (Semi‐Implicit Method for Pressure‐Linked Equation). A general second‐order accurate projection method is developed for the simulation of incompressible unsteady flows by employing a non‐linear update of pressure term as Θn∇pn+1+(I−Θn)∇pn, where Θn is a coefficient matrix, which may depend on the grid size, time step and even velocity. It includes three‐ and four‐step projection methods. The standard SIMPLE method is written in a concise formula for steady and unsteady flows. It is proven that SIMPLE type methods have second‐order temporal accuracy for unsteady flows. The classical second‐order projection method and SIMPLE type methods are united within the framework of the general second‐order projection formula. Two iteration algorithms of SIMPLE type methods for unsteady flows are described and discussed. In addition, detailed formulae are provided for general projection methods by using the Runge–Kutta technique to update the convective term and Crank–Nicholson scheme for the diffusion term. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uzawa and Newton algorithms to solve frictional contact problems within the bi‐potential framework
Authors: Joli P. , Feng Z.‐Q. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with the numerical modeling of three‐dimensional unilateral contact problems in elastostatics with Coulomb friction laws. We propose a Newton‐like algorithm to solve the local contact non‐linear equations within the bi‐potential framework. The piecewise continuous contact tangent matrices are explicitly derived. A comparative study is made between the Newton algorithm and the previously developed Uzawa algorithm. A test example is included to demonstrate the developed algorithms and to highlight their performance. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An elderly type 1 diabetic patient with life event‐related brittle diabetes
Authors: Thomas C , Majid S , Wilding J , Wallymahmed M , Gill G 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe case is presented of a 74‐year‐old lady with type 1 diabetes of 42 years' duration, who had recurrent diabetes‐related hospitalisations. These were due to both hypo‐ and hyperglycaemic emergencies and, over the last 20 years, 41 such admissions (2.0 per year) had occurred— 56% hypoglycaemic, 27% diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and 17% with non‐ketotic hyperglycaemia. There was a close relationship between social and family crises and admissions. This patient demonstrates the unusual syndrome of ‘elderly brittle diabetes’. The mixed metabolic picture is typical of this syndrome, but the psychosocial impact on hospital admission is more commonly seen in younger female brittle patients with recurrent DKA. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Carbohydrate counting in type 1 diabetes: time to REACCT
Authors: Ulahannan TJ , Ross W , Davies FC 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe National Institute for Clinical Excellence Technology Appraisal Guidance No. 60 recommended that structured patient education be made available to all people with diabetes at the time of initial diagnosis and then as required on an ongoing basis, based on a formal, regular assessment of need. The Dose Adjustment for Normal Eating (DAFNE) programme was recommended as an option for individuals with type 1 diabetes, being one means of enabling people to self‐manage this condition.As a centre wishing to implement insulin pump therapy, we therefore required a cost effective method of delivering advanced carbohydrate counting, without the resources of a DAFNE centre. Consequently, we devised the REACCT ‘Re‐Education And Carbohydrate Counting Training’ programme according to the Social Learning Theory of Bandura. The latter states that people learn from observing other people, and is used to develop confidence to be able to carry out the skills. Our intervention consists of two, two‐hour morning sessions, six weeks apart, delivered by a diabetes specialist nurse and a diabetes specialist dietitian. Each group contains five to 10 patients. The topics covered include back to basics insulin education and lifestyle issues. The emphasis is on adjusting basal insulin dose to achieve optimal fasting blood glucose levels.Our audit found that in 80 patients who completed the programme there was: improved self‐perceived quality of life (56%), reduced total insulin dose (44%), and improved glycaemic control with less glycaemic excursions (63%). While overall there was no reduction in mean body weight, after the introduction of carbohydrate counting more patients lost weight than gained weight. There was also a reduction in the average total daily dose of insulin and HbA1c.We have shown that REACCT can be implemented in a typical district general hospital diabetes department with a minimal resource cost. We are aware of the limitations of our data and intend to continue observing our patients. However, when challenged to justify the time devoted to non‐conventional patient contact, we feel these results are highly encouraging and we hope may be useful for other diabetes teams to consider as well. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
Improvements in quality of care of patients with diabetes in primary care in Tunisia
Authors: Alberti Hugh , Boudriga Nessiba , Nabli Mounira 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWorldwide, the quality of diabetes care is suboptimal, yet few studies have been undertaken in primary care in developing nations. We sought to evaluate whether the quality of diabetes care in primary care health centres in Tunisia has improved since the initiation of a National Program of Hypertension and Diabetes Management.We conducted a retrospective medical review of process and outcome measures and treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes attending primary care health centres in Tunisia. Data were collected from patients attending 48 randomly selected health centres from the whole country from 2000–2002, and a subset of patients attending 14 randomly selected centres from the south of the country from 2000–2004.The national cohort included 2030 patients, and the southern subset 593. Six of nine process measurements improved significantly in the national cohort, five of nine in the southern subset (p<0.05). There were significant improvements in body mass index and a trend towards improvement in fasting glucose level over the three‐year period nationally, and significant improvements in body mass index, fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure over the five‐year period in the southern cohort. Highly significant increases in the proportion of patients being prescribed ACE inhibitors (1.9% vs 7.8%, p<0.001) and lipid‐lowering agents (8.5% vs 14.7%, p<0.001) were also noted in the national cohort.We have demonstrated a possible trend in improvement in the quality of care of patients with diabetes managed in the primary care setting in Tunisia over a five‐year period from 2000–2004. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons.
A modified prescription‐event monitoring study to assess the introduction of Flixotide EvohalerTM into general practice in England: an example of pharmacovigilance planning and risk monitoring
Authors: Perrio Michael J. , Wilton Lynda V. , Shakir Saad A.W. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIntroductionA modified prescription‐event monitoring (PEM) study was conducted to examine the safety of the introduction of the metered dose inhaler (MDI) Flixotide EvohalerTM (fluticasone with the propellant HFA 134a).MethodsPatients were identified from the first NHS prescriptions dispensed in England for Flixotide EvohalerTM. Postal questionnaires were sent to the prescribing doctor, requesting information including: demographic characteristics, severity of indication, concomitant medication, event data 3 months prior to and 3 months after the first prescription, and any reasons for stopping Flixotide. Pregnancies, deaths and selected events were followed up. Incidence density ratios (IDRs) were calculated to compare event rates 3 months before and 3 months after the introduction of Flixotide EvohalerTM.ResultsThe cohort comprised 13 413 patients that were prescribed Flixotide EvohalerTM. The response rate was 64.0%. When the pre‐ and post‐exposure periods were compared fewer patients had events in the post‐exposure period, and there was no significant difference in the length of courses of oral steroid use. Eighteen patients experienced an event within 1 hour of using Flixotide EvohalerTM; these were minor with the exception of one case of angioneurotic facial oedema. Six of these events were assessed as possibly related to Flixotide EvohalerTM. During the study period there were an additional 13 patients with events assessed as possibly related to Flixotide EvohalerTM, including two reports of allergic reactions.DiscussionThe results suggest that the transition to Flixotide EvohalerTM was generally well tolerated. The modified methodology has contributed to the risk management of the introduction of this product. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Denaturing and refolding of protein molecules on surfaces
Authors: Holtz Bryan , Wang Yini , Zhu Xiao‐Yang , Guo Athena 
Published: May 2007

AbstractKeeping protein molecules in the active state on a solid surface is essential to protein microarrays and other protein‐based biosensors. Here, we show that the 2‐D chemical environment controls the refolding of the denatured green fluorescent proteins tethered to solid surfaces. Refolding occurs readily on the repulsive PEG functionalized surface but is inhibited on the attractive –NH2 functionalized surface. This result shows the critical importance of the 2‐D chemical environment in the maintenance and revival of protein activity on surfaces and opens the door to designing 2‐D molecular chaperones for protein folding.
Meeting Report of the 2nd International Workshop on 2‐D DIGE Applications in Proteomics
Authors: Stühler Kai , Stephan Christian , Bustamante Nadine Palacios , Scheibe Burghardt , Meyer Helmut E. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe second international workshop on “2‐D DIGE Applications in Proteomics” took place at the Medizinisches Proteom‐Center, Ruhr‐Universität Bochum, from February 27th to March 2nd, 2007. The four day “hands‐on” course was addressed to all interested scientists from the field of Proteomics, inter alia to members of HUPO and DGPF, with a greater focus on image analysis and statistical analysis of 2‐D DIGE experiments.
Expression of the forkhead transcription factor FOXP1 is associated both with hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and the Androgen receptor in prostate cancer but is not directly regulated by Androgens or hypoxia
Authors: Banham Alison H. , Boddy Jane , Launchbury Rosalind , Han Cheng , Turley Helen , Malone Peter R. , Harris Adrian L. , Fox Stephen B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDFOXP1 is a member of the winged helix or forkhead transcription factors. Recent studies have indicated possible roles for FOXP1 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene and a potential estrogen receptor (ER) co‐regulator in the development of breast cancer. This study investigated whether FOXP1 has a similar relationship to the androgen receptor (AR) in prostate cancer and how these factors relate to the presence of hypoxia.METHODSFOXP1, the AR and various hypoxia‐regulated proteins (HIF‐1α, HIF‐2α, and VEGF) were measured with immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray constructed from 167 archival radical prostatectomies. Statistical analyses compared the co‐expression of these factors both with each other and conventional parameters including patient age, pre‐operative prostate specific antigen (PSA), post‐operative Gleason score, capsular invasion, surgical margin status, tumor volume, and PSA recurrence. The influence of hypoxia, dihydrotestosterone, and the AR blocker Casodex was investigated in prostate cell lines VCaP and LNCaP in vitro.RESULTSExpression of nuclear FOXP1 was significantly positively correlated with AR (P = 0.0001), hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF‐1α) (P = 0.01), HIF‐2α (P = 0.0001), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (P = 0.007) expression. A positive significant relationship was also identified with the post‐operative Gleason score (P = 0.03) but not with the other variables, including PSA recurrence (P > 0.05). There was no significant change in expression in FOXP1 protein levels under conditions of hypoxia (0.1%), dihydrotestosterone stimulation (10 or 100 nM), or androgen blockade with Casodex (1, 10, or 50 µM).CONCLUSIONThese findings suggest that there may be a hormonal and hypoxia independent regulatory mechanism coordinating the expression of HIFs, the AR, and FOXP1 in prostate tumors. Prostate 67: 1091–1098, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An improved characterization of bounded realness for singular delay systems and its applications
Authors: Xu Shengyuan , Lam James , Zou Yun 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper is concerned with establishing a delay‐dependent bounded real lemma (BRL) for singular systems with a time delay. Without resorting to any bounding techniques for some cross terms and model transformation, a new version of BRL for such systems is proposed, which guarantees a singular system to be regular, impulse free and stable while satisfying a prescribed H∞ performance level for any delays smaller than a given upper bound. Based on this, an H∞ state feedback controller is designed via a linear matrix inequality approach. The BRL, stability as well as H∞ results developed in this paper are less conservative than existing ones in the literature, which is demonstrated by providing some numerical examples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Amygdala serotonin transporters in alcoholics measured by whole hemisphere autoradiography
Authors: Storvik Markus , Tiihonen Jari , Haukijärvi Tuija , Tupala Erkki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: A dysfunction in brain serotonin turnover is a well‐established factor associated with the impulsive and sociopathic behavior in alcoholics. The conjuncted alterations in functioning of serotonin transporter (SERT) may play a role in the regulation of emotional balance, judgement, and the adverse behavioral effects of ethanol misuse. These traits may be related to serotonergic regulation in the amygdala and prefrontal cortex. Methods: The binding of [3H]citalopram to SERT was evaluated in the amygdala of Cloninger type 1 and 2 alcoholics (n = 17), and nonalcoholic control subjects (n = 10) by postmortem whole‐hemisphere autoradiography. Results: The SERT binding was substantially lower in the dorsal amygdala in alcoholic subjects when compared with the controls (−28%, effect size 1.26, P = 0.016). In secondary analysis, this reduction was observed in both alcoholic subgroups (−26% in type 1 alcoholics, and −33% in type 2 alcoholics). In ventral amygdala, no alteration was observed. There were significant correlations between the SERT binding in dorsal amygdala and in previous results from frontal cortical areas in alcoholics, depending on the type of alcoholic. Conclusions: These results suggest that SERT binding in the amygdala, as well as the differential regulation of the SERT in amygdala and frontal cortex in alcoholics may help to explain the dysfunctional regulation of emotions in alcoholics. Synapse 61:629–636, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The txl1+ gene from Schizosaccharomyces pombe encodes a new thioredoxin‐like 1 protein that participates in the antioxidant defence against tert‐butyl hydroperoxide
Authors: Jiménez Alberto , Mateos Laura , Pedrajas José R. , Miranda‐Vizuete Antonio , Revuelta José L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractYeasts are equipped with several putative single‐domain thioredoxins located in different subcellular compartments. However, additional proteins containing thioredoxin domains are also encoded by the yeast genomes as described for mammals and other eukaryotic organisms. We report here the characterization of the fission yeast orthologue thioredoxin‐like 1 (txl1+), which has been previously identified in mammals. Similarly to the human protein, the fission yeast Txl1 is a two‐domain protein comprising an N‐terminal thioredoxin‐like domain and a C‐terminal domain of unknown function. Many other yeasts and fungi species contain homologues of txl1+; however, there is no evidence of txl1+ orthologues in either Saccharomyces cerevisiae or plants. Txl1 is found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cells and exhibits a strong reducing activity coupled to thioredoxin reductase. In humans, TXL1 expression is induced by glucose deprivation and overexpression of TXL1 confers resistance against this stress. In contrast, a Sz. pombe Δtxl1 mutant was not affected in the response against glucose starvation but the Δtxl1 mutant strain showed a clear hypersensitivity to alkyl hydroperoxide. The mRNA levels of txl1+ in a h20 strain did not change in response to any oxidative insult (hydrogen peroxide or alkyl hydroperoxide) and the overexpression of an integrated copy of the wild‐type txl1+ gene did not confer a significant increased resistance against alkyl hydroperoxide. Overall, these results indicate that the Txl1 role in the cellular detoxification of alkyl hydroperoxide is exerted through a constitutive transcription of txl1+. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.