bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Tinnitus and inferior colliculus activity in chinchillas related to three distinct patterns of cochlear trauma
Authors: Bauer Carol A. , Turner Jeremy G. , Caspary Donald M. , Myers Kristin S. , Brozoski Thomas J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA longstanding hypothesis is that tinnitus, the perception of sound without an external acoustic source, is triggered by a distinctive pattern of cochlear hair cell (HC) damage and that this subsequently leads to altered neural activity in the central auditory pathway. This hypothesis was tested by assessing behavioral evidence of tinnitus and spontaneous neural activity in the inferior colliculus (IC) after unilateral cochlear trauma. Chinchillas were assigned to four cochlear treatment groups. Each treatment produced a distinctive pattern of HC damage, as follows: acoustic exposure (AEx): sparse low‐frequency inner hair cell (IHC) and outer hair cell (OHC) loss; round window cisplatin (CisEx): pronounced OHC loss mixed with some IHC loss; round window carboplatin (CarbEx): pronounced IHC loss without OHC loss; control: no loss. Compared with controls, all experimental groups displayed significant and similar psychophysical evidence of tinnitus with features resembling a 1‐kHz tone. Contralateral IC spontaneous activity was elevated in the AEx and CisEx groups, which showed increased spiking and increased cross‐fiber synchrony. A multidimensional analysis identified a subpopulation of neurons more prevalent in animals with tinnitus. These units were characterized by high bursting, low ISI variance, and within‐burst peak spiking of approximately 1,000/sec. It was concluded that cochlear trauma in general, rather than its specific features, leads to multiple changes in central activity that underpin tinnitus. Particularly affected was a subpopulation ensemble of IC neurons with the described unique triad of features. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accumulation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in the microenvironment of spinal motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis transgenic rats
Authors: Mizuno Hideki , Warita Hitoshi , Aoki Masashi , Itoyama Yasuto 
Published: April 2008

AbstractChondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the major components of extracellular matrix in the central nervous system. In the spinal cord under various types of injury, reactive gliosis emerges in the lesion accompanied by CSPG up‐regulation. Several types of CSPG core proteins and their side chains have been shown to inhibit axonal regeneration in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we examined spatiotemporal expression of CSPGs in the spinal cord of transgenic (Tg) rats with His46Arg mutation in the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase gene, a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Immunofluorescence disclosed a significant up‐regulation of neurocan, versican, and phosphacan in the ventral spinal cord of Tg rats compared with age‐matched controls. Notably, Tg rats showed progressive and prominent accumulation of neurocan even at the presymptomatic stage. Immunoblotting confirmed the distinct increase in the levels of both the full‐length neurocan and their fragment isoforms. On the other hand, the up‐regulation of versican and phosphacan peaked at the early symptomatic stage, followed by diminishment at the late symptomatic stage. In addition, double immunofluorescence revealed a colocalization between reactive astrocytes and immunoreactivities for neurocan and phosphacan, especially around residual large ventral horn neurons. Thus, reactive astrocytes are suggested to be participants in the CSPG accumulation. Although the possible neuroprotective involvement of CSPG remains to be investigated, the present results suggest that both the reactive astrocytes and the differential accumulation of CSPGs may create a nonpermissive microenvironment for neural regeneration in neurodegenerative diseases such as ALS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
To prosper, organizational psychology should … overcome methodological barriers to progress
Authors: Edwards Jeffrey R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractProgress in organizational psychology (OP) research depends on the rigor and quality of the methods we use. This paper identifies ten methodological barriers to progress and offers suggestions for overcoming the barriers, in part or whole. The barriers address how we derive hypotheses from theories, the nature and scope of the questions we pursue in our studies, the ways we address causality, the manner in which we draw samples and measure constructs, and how we conduct statistical tests and draw inferences from our research. The paper concludes with recommendations for integrating research methods into our ongoing development goals as scholars and framing methods as tools that help us achieve shared objectives in our field. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
To prosper, organizational psychology should… adopt a global perspective
Authors: Gelfand Michele J. , Leslie Lisa M. , Fehr Ryan 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe argue that for the field of organizational psychology to prosper, it must adopt a global perspective. In this article, we discuss three specific ideals for a more global organizational psychology, our progress toward these ideals (or lack thereof), and potential solutions to move toward a truly global science. First, we argue that a truly global organizational psychology must incorporate global voices. Yet cross‐cultural research in organizational psychology still remains largely a U.S. export business wherein the very questions we ask are colored by Western assumptions and values which are then explored to other cultures. To be a global science, we must acknowledge that the questions we ask are value‐laden, and we must ensure that the questions we ask to have global relevance. Second, a truly global organizational psychology must articulate with precision the level at which culture operates. Yet the level at which culture is defined varies widely across studies and levels of analysis confusion abounds in the literature. We discuss a number of conceptualizations and measures of culture and suggest the conditions under which each may be warranted. Third, a truly global organizational psychology must advance an understanding of when culture matters. Despite abundant evidence that behavior in organizations is influenced by multiple contextual factors (e.g., the work team, organization, industry), we have little understanding of how national culture and non‐cultural factors jointly influence behavior in organizations. We discuss several promising models to guide such efforts. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Repeatability of monolithic HPLC columns while using a flow program
Authors: Kaminski Lukas , El Deeb Sami , Wätzig Hermann 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFast HPLC methods are becoming more and more important. Using monolithic HPLC columns for fast separations, a flow program can be applied for further decrease in the total run time. An interesting issue was whether the flow program affects repeatability. The investigated method was a generic assay for the oral antidiabetic drugs glibenclamide and glimepiride in the presence of two of their degradation products. A flow program ranging from 5.0 to 9.9 mL/min had been set up to decrease the run time to approximately 1.7 min. Within‐day RSD% (n = 40) for both retention times and peak areas were less than 1%. At flow rates higher than 7 mL/min, repeatability was impaired to some extent. It became mainly noticeable through the day‐to‐day precision (n = 60) which showed RSD% up to 2%. However, further investigations indicated that this was rather related to pump inefficiency at high flow rates than to the flow program as such. Presuming the use of appropriate equipment, qualified for high flow rates, the application of a flow program for shortening the run time is absolutely reasonable and does not affect repeatability.
Monodisperse Gelatin Microspheres as a Drug Delivery Vehicle: Release Profile and Effect of Crosslinking Density
Authors: Choy Young Bin , Cheng Felice , Choi Hyungsoo , Kim Kyekyoon (Kevin) 
Published: April 2008

AbstractUniform gelatin microspheres (GMS) of a wet size of 100 µm in diameter were fabricated by the electric field assisted precision particle fabrication (E‐PPF) method and crosslinked with different glutaraldehyde (GA) concentrations to study the effect of the crosslinking density on drug release. The drug release profiles of the crosslinked GMS were studied along with the intraparticle drug distribution and the particle degradation characteristics. Due to the concentration gradient of GA along the diffusion path into the GMS, the crosslinking density is higher on the GMS surface, making it less susceptible to degradation. As a result, the GMS with higher GA concentrations (0.375–0.875%) exhibited a highly resistant surface toward enzymatic degradation. On the other hand, the amount of drug complexation at the surface decreases as the GA concentration increases, which can be attributed to the lowered basicity of gelatin caused by the increased crosslinking density. These factors collectively affect the drug release kinetics and give rise to similar release profiles for GMS above a GA concentration of 0.375%.magnified image
Profiling of apoptosis genes identifies distinct types of primary cutaneous large B cell lymphoma
Authors: van Galen JC , Hoefnagel JJ , Vermeer MH , Willemze R , Dijkman R , Tensen CP , de Boer WPH , Meijer CJ , Oudejans JJ 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTwo distinct primary cutaneous large B cell lymphomas are recognized: primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma (PCFCL), characterized by an excellent prognosis, and primary cutaneous large B cell lymphoma, leg‐type (PCLBCL leg‐type), with an unfavourable prognosis. To determine whether inhibition of the apoptosis pathways may underlie the difference in clinical outcome between PCFCL and PCLBCL leg‐type, we investigated the expression of only apoptosis‐related genes by microarray expression profiling. Unsupervised cluster analysis was carried out using 169 genes involved in apoptosis on a group of 21 previously untreated patients diagnosed with primary cutaneous large B cell lymphoma. Cluster analysis resulted in two separate groups which showed large overlap with the PCFCL and PCLBCL leg‐type. One group was characterized by high expression levels of pro‐ and anti‐apoptotic genes. The other group was characterized by high expression levels of apoptosis‐inducing cytotoxic effector genes, possibly reflecting a cellular cytotoxic immune response. Our results suggest that the clinically favourable PCFCLs are characterized by a relatively intense cellular cytotoxic immune response and that PCLBCL leg‐types are characterized by constitutive activation of the intrinsic mediated apoptosis pathway, with concomitant downstream inhibition of this apoptosis pathway. Thus, strategies neutralizing the function of apoptosis‐inhibiting proteins might be effective in PCLBCL leg‐type. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A role for VICKZ proteins in the progression of colorectal carcinomas: regulating lamellipodia formation
Authors: Vainer G , Vainer‐Mosse E , Pikarsky A , Shenoy SM , Oberman F , Yeffet A , Singer RH , Pikarsky E , Yisraeli JK 
Published: April 2008

AbstractVICKZ proteins are a highly conserved family of RNA binding proteins, implicated in RNA regulatory processes such as intracellular RNA localization, RNA stability, and translational control. During embryogenesis, VICKZ proteins are required for neural crest migration and in adults, the proteins are overexpressed primarily in different cancers. We hypothesized that VICKZ proteins may play a role in cancer cell migration. In patients, VICKZ expression varies with tumour type, with over 60% of colon, lung, and ovarian tumours showing strong expression. In colorectal carcinomas (CRCs), expression is detected at early stages, and the frequency and intensity of staining increase with progression of the disease to lymph node metastases, of which 97% express the protein at high levels. Indeed, in stage II CRC, the level of VICKZ expression in the primary lesion correlates with the degree of lymph node metastasis. In culture, VICKZ proteins rapidly accumulate in processes at the leading edge of PMA‐stimulated SW480 CRC cells, where they co‐localize with β‐actin mRNA. Two distinct cocktails of shRNAs, each targeting all three VICKZ paralogues, cause a dramatic drop in lamellipodia and ruffle formation in stimulated cells. Thus, VICKZ proteins help to facilitate the dynamic cell surface morphology required for cell motility. We propose that these proteins play an important role in CRC metastasis by shuttling requisite RNAs to the lamellipodia of migrating cells. Copyright © 2008 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validity and comparison of two measures of days supply in medicaid claims data
Authors: Gross Robert , Bilker Warren B. , Strom Brian L. , Hennessy Sean 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundIn claims‐based pharmacoepidemiologic and health services research studies of chronic medications, days supply can be determined using either an observed measure or a measure calculated from quantity dispensed and dosing directions. The two measures should yield the same duration, but if not, the preferred method is unknown.ObjectivesWe aimed to determine whether the observed or calculated measure of days supply more closely approximated the actual refill interval.MethodsUsing California Medicaid data from 1998to 2001, we identified all prescriptions followed by ≥ 1 refill for nevirapine and abacavir tablets. For each record, we calculated the difference between the days supply and the refill interval for each method. In a subgroup analysis, we compared the measures only in records where the methods were discordant.ResultsOf 29 646 records, in 27 230 (92.5%) the measures were identical. The difference between the days supply and the refill interval was identical for each measure with a median difference of 4 days (range 0–1142 days), p = 0.5 for the difference between them. In the discordant subset, the median difference for the observed measure was 10 days (range 0–1053 days) and for the calculated measure it was 12 days (range 0–1023 days), p = 0.003 for the difference between them.ConclusionsIn California Medicaid, observed and calculated measures of days supply generally provided identical data which closely approximated the refill interval. In the few discordant records, the observed measure was slightly more accurate. These findings suggest that both variables provide valid data for temporal relations between anti‐retroviral prescriptions and events. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Schwingende Puppen und Wolkenkratzer. Spielwiese
Authors: Ucke Christian , Schlichting Hans‐Joachim 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBei einem mit Federn verbundenen System von schwingenden Massen kann unter gewissen Randbedingungen eine Masse ganz in Ruhe bleiben, während andere Teile starke Ausschläge vollführen. Derartige Systeme werden unter dem Begriff Schwingungstilgung behandelt und haben eine enorme Bedeutung in der Technik. Schwingende Maschinenteile bis hin zu schwingenden Brücken und Wolkenkratzern werden auf diese Weise gedämpft und damit erst handhabbar und verträglich. Am Beispiel einer Spielzeugpuppe, der Millenniumsbrücke in London sowie des Taipei‐Wolkenkratzers in Taiwan und des Berliner Fernsehturms werden einige Aspekte der Schwingungstilgung beleuchtet.
Vulkaneruptionen – Ursachen und Vorhersagen. Geophysik
Authors: Keppler Hans , Audétat Andreas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie treibende Kraft explosiver Vulkaneruptionen ist das Freisetzen von Wasser, das im Magma gelöst ist. Blasen von Wasserdampf im Magma können einen Innendruck von mehreren tausend bar aufbauen und damit einen Schlot von der Magmenkammer zur Erdoberfläche freisprengen. Die Expansion der Blasen erhöht die Aufstiegsgeschwindigkeit und führt letztlich zur Fragmentierung des Magmas. Hauptgefahrenquellen bei explosiven Eruptionen sind pyroklastische Ströme oder Glutwolken (Suspensionen von Schmelztropfen und festen Partikeln in heißen Gasen) und Schlammströme (Lahare), nicht jedoch ausfließende Lava. Eruptionen lassen sich heute in vielen Fällen gut vorhersagen. Hauptwerkzeuge für die Vorhersage sind die Beobachtung von Erdbeben, Bodendeformation und vulkanischen Gasen. Langperiodische Beben entstehen durch Eigenschwingungen von blasenhaltigem Magma, das durch Spalten im Gestein strömt. Die Abkühlung des Klimas nach großen explosiven Eruptionen beruht auf der Bildung von Schwefelsäure‐Aerosolen in der Stratosphäre.
Auf der Suche nach dem Heiligen Gral. Schleifen‐Quantengravitation
Authors: Thiemann Thomas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Theorie einer Quantengravitation soll die Quantentheorie und die Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie in Einklang bringen. Doch die Suche nach ihr ist seit fast siebzig Jahren ein ungelöstes Problem, sozusagen der “heilige Gral” der Grundlagenphysik. Ein guter Kandidat ist die Schleifen‐Quantengravitation (Loop Quantum Gravity, LQG), die sich in den letzten zwanzig Jahren vielversprechend entwickelt hat. Sie baut aus sogenannten Spin‐Netzwerken eine quantisierte Raumzeit auf. Daher kommt sie ohne Hintergrundmetrik als “Bühne” aus, auf der die Materie wie ein Schauspieler agieren muss. Sie ist also wie die Allgemeine Relativitätstheorie hintergrundunabhängig. Das unterscheidet sie von den Quantenfeldtheorien und Stringtheorien, deren Hintergrundabhängigkeit eine fundamentale, konzeptionelle Schwäche darstellt. Ob die Schleifen‐Quantengravitation der richtige Weg ist, müssen allerdings erst noch experimentelle Beobachtungen erweisen. Die Hoffnung ruht zum Beispiel auf der Beobachtung von kosmischen Gammastrahlungsblitzen (Gamma‐Ray Bursts).
Am Rande des Messbaren. Quantengravitation im Experiment
Authors: Lämmerzahl Claus 
Published: April 2008

AbstractDie Relativitätstheorie und das Standardmodell der Elementarteilchen sind experimentell mit höchster Genauigkeit bestätigt. Dennoch sind Relativitätstheorie und Quantentheorie inkompatibel. Das kann eine zukünftige Theorie der Quantengravitation nur auflösen, indem sie mindestens eine dieser beiden Standardtheorien verletzt. Das grundlegende Problem besteht darin, dass die wichtigsten Effekte der Quantengravitation auf der Planck‐Skala zu erwarten sind. Diese ist jedoch auf absehbare Zeit experimentell nicht zugänglich. Verletzungen der Standardtheorien durch die Quantengravitation könnten jedoch Effekte verursachen, die in Laborexperimenten oder an kosmischen Objekten beobachtbar sind. Dieser Beitrag stellt einige der denkbaren Effekte vor und diskutiert Strategien, sie experimentell aufzuspüren.
Schwarzwaldidylle mit 13 PS
Authors: Müller Andreas 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn der vierten Generation steht die 1825 erbaute Hexenlochmühle in einem entlegenen Ort zwischen Furtwangen und St. Märgen. Die Eigentümerfamilie Trenkle konnte die idyllische Schwarzwaldmühle, die heute ein uriges Ausflugsziel ist, originalgetreu erhalten. Die alten Holzsägen, die die Mühle einst in Gang setzte, sind heute nicht mehr in Betrieb. Die Mühle versorgt aber das gesamte Anwesen mit Strom.
Protein‐protein interactions between two‐component system transmitter and receiver domains of Myxococcus xanthus
Authors: Whitworth David E. , Millard Andrew , Hodgson David A. , Hawkins Peter F. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWe present a novel dataset assessing the specificity of protein‐protein interactions between 69 transmitter and receiver domains from two‐component system (TCS)‐signalling pathways. TCS require a conserved protein‐protein interaction between partner transmitter and receiver domains for signal transduction. The complex prokaryote Myxococcus xanthus possesses an unusually large number of TCS genes, many of which have no obvious interaction partners. Interactions between TCS domains of M. xanthus were assessed using a yeast two‐hybrid assay, in which domains were expressed as both bait and prey translational fusions. LacZ production was monitored as an indicator of protein‐protein interaction, and the strength of interactions classified as weak, medium or strong. Two‐hundred and fifty‐five transmitter‐receiver domain interactions were observed (46 strong), allowing identification of potential signalling partners for individual M. xanthus TCS proteins. In addition, the dataset provides interesting ‘meta’ information. For instance, many strong interactions were identified between different transmitter domain pairs (34) and receiver domain pairs (23), suggesting a surprisingly large degree of heterodimerisation of these domains. Proteins in our dataset that exhibited similar ‘profiles’ of interactions, often shared a similar biological function, suggesting that interaction profiles can provide information on biological function, even considering sets of homologous domains.
Proteomic changes in rat thyroarytenoid muscle induced by botulinum neurotoxin injection
Authors: Welham Nathan V. , Marriott Gerard , Tateya Ichiro , Bless Diane M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBotulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) injection into the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle is a commonly performed medical intervention for adductor spasmodic dysphonia. The mechanism of action of BoNT at the neuromuscular junction is well understood, however, aside from reports focused on myosin heavy chain isoform abundance, there is a paucity of data addressing the effects of therapeutic BoNT injection on the TA muscle proteome. In this study, 12 adult Sprague Dawley rats underwent unilateral TA muscle BoNT serotype A injection followed by tissue harvest at 72 h, 7 days, 14 days, and 56 days postinjection. Three additional rats were reserved as controls. Proteomic analysis was performed using 2‐D SDS‐PAGE followed by MALDI‐MS. Vocal fold movement was significantly reduced by 72 h, with complete return of function by 56 days. Twenty‐five protein spots demonstrated significant protein abundance changes following BoNT injection, and were associated with alterations in energy metabolism, muscle contractile function, cellular stress response, transcription, translation, and cell proliferation. A number of protein abundance changes persisted beyond the return of gross physiologic TA function. These findings represent the first report of BoNT‐induced changes in any skeletal muscle proteome, and reinforce the utility of applying proteomic tools to the study of system‐wide biological processes in normal and perturbed TA muscle function.
Parallel post‐source decay for increasing protein identification confidence levels from 2‐D gels
Authors: Wahlander Asa , Arrigoni Giorgio , Snel Marten , Hellman Ulf , James Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractPeptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) has over the years become one of the most commonly used tools for high‐throughput analysis and identification of proteins. This method is applicable when relatively simple samples have to be analysed and it is commonly used for analysing proteins previously separated by 2‐DE. The most common type of instrument used for this approach is the MALDI‐TOF that has proved to be particularly suitable for the PMF analysis because of its characteristics of speed, robustness, sensitivity and automation. We have used a MALDI‐TOF equipped with a novel parallel PSD capability (MALDI micro MX), to perform the analysis of two sets of different biological samples isolated by 2‐DE. By using a method that integrates the data obtained by PMF analysis with the PSD data obtained in the same experiment, we show that the new multiplexed PSD solution increases the protein identification rate compared to the normal PMF approach. We also investigated the use of a charge‐directed fragmentation modification reagent to improve the identification rate and confidence levels.