bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Two Surgical Procedures for Arthrodesis of the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint in Horses
Authors: Genetzky Roger M. , Schneider Eugene J. , Butler Hugh C. , Guffy Mark M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses, with 2 screws crisscrossing the joint, was compared with arthrodesis achieved by placement of 3 screws crossing the joint parallel to the long axis of the bone. The comparison was made by means of radiography, gross and histologic examinations, and motion evaluation. Additionally, the fused 1st and 2nd phalanges resulting from each method were subjected to breaking forces.
Motion evaluation and direct examination of the fused area demonstrated that either procedure can be used to achieve arthrodesis consistently, and the breaking procedure indicated that the fused joints were as strong or stronger than areas penetrated by the cortical screws used in internal fixation. The fused area resulting from the parallel procedure was stronger than that from the crisscross procedure. The parallel procedure was easier, gave better alignment of 1st and 2nd phalanges, and was prone to less error in screw placement.
It was concluded that arthrodesis by either procedure was satisfactory for treating osteoarthritis and related problems of the proximal interphalangeal joint in horses, but that the parallel procedure created a superior union between the 1st and 2nd phalanges during the first 120 postoperative days.
External Cardiovascular Resuscitation of the Anesthetized Pony
Authors: Frauenfelder H. C. , Fessler J. F. , Latshaw H. S. , Moore A. B. , Bottoms G. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
External cardiac massage and concomitant respiratory support were used successfully in 6 of 8 anesthetized ponies sustaining unexpected cardiac arrest while being used in a study of shock. Approximately 20 thoracic compressions/min maintained systolic and diastolic aortic blood pressures in excess of 50% of the corresponding base-line values in 5 ponies. The high success rate was attributed to early recognition of the problem, the small size of the patient, and the relatively short duration of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (average, 2.9 minutes). It was concluded that external cardiac massage can be effective for cardiopulmonary resuscitation in selected equine patients that have sustained cardiac arrest.
Prevalence and Distribution of Sarcocystis sp Among Wild Swine of Southeastern United States
Authors: Barrows P. L. , Smith H. M. , Prestwood Annie K. , Brown John 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Digestive techniques revealed Sarcocystis sp infection in 62 of 192 (32%) wild swine collected in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia. Sarcosporidia were not detected in wild swine of Florida and were rarely found in the lower coastal plains of Georgia, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Swine from mountainous terrain in North Carolina, Tennessee, and West Virginia and bottomland floodplain regions of Alabama, Arkansas, and Louisiana were most frequently infected. Infections by Sarcocystis sp may have been spread via swine relocated from mountainous regions to some other locales. Upon ingestion of infected pork from wild swine of Tennessee and West Virginia, dogs, but not cats, shed sporocysts morphometrically identical to Sarcocystis suicanis.
Clinicopathologic Correlations of Tuberculosis in Large Zoo Mammals
Authors: Mann Peter C. , Bush Mitchell , Janssen Donald L. , Frank Elizabeth S. , Montali Richard J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In August 1978, a black rhinoceros at the National Zoological Park died with generalized tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis. A 2nd black rhinoceros was euthanatized 9 months after M bovis was cultured from its lungs. After these 2 deaths, numerous large zoo mammals that had been potentially exposed were subjected to various procedures to ascertain their status regarding tuberculosis. The procedures were: intradermal tuberculin testing, evaluation of delayed hypersensitivity reaction on biopsy specimens, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) testing, and culture of various secretions and organs. Several of the animals in this series died during the study. These were necropsied and examined for evidence of mycobacterial infection. The results of tuberculin testing varied from species to species and from site to site within a species. Delayed hypersensitivity responses generally correlated well with the amount of swelling at the tuberculin site. In some cases, however, positive reactions were found without any delayed hypersensitivity response. Results of elisa testing were confirmatory in tuberculous animals. Several species were judged to be nonspecific reactors, based on positive or suspect tuberculin test results, with negative elisa results and necropsy findings.
Contagious Ecthyma in Alaskan Musk-Oxen and Dall Sheep
Authors: Dieterich R. A. , Spencer G. R. , Burger Dieter , Gallina A. M. , VanderSchalie J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In 1976 and 1977, a disease resembling contagious ecthyma was seen in captive musk-oxen (Ovibos moschatus) in Alaska. A similar disease occurred in 1977 in captive Dall sheep (Ovis dalli). Paravaccinia viruses were detected by electron microscopy and isolated in cell cultures from both species. Experimental inoculation in susceptible and immune domestic sheep (Ovis aries) plus fluorescent antibody tests with ecthyma-immune conjugate indicated that the isolate was contagious ecthyma virus.
Survey of Chronic Sinusitis-Induced Skull Anomalies in Desert Bighorn Sheep
Authors: Bunch Thomas D. , Allen Stanley D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bone anomalies were found in 20% of 630 skulls from desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) representing populations of California bighorn (O canadensis californiana), lower California bighorn (O canadensis cremnobates), Mexican bighorn (O canadensis mexicana), and Nelson bighorn (O canadensis nelsoni) that are native to Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, and Utah. The anomalies were extremely diverse, ranging from osteonecrosis within the matrix of the paranasal sinuses to extensive lysis of the frontal bone, horn core, and sheath. In rams, the necrosis most often occurred in the mid- to posterior region of the cornual sinus and resulted in blistering of the sheath and sometimes a breaking away of the horn. In ewe skulls, the anomalies were generally at the base of the cornual sinus or within the frontal sinus. Osteonecrosis in the ewe skulls had generally invaded the region of the orbit or penetrated the cribriform plate. The skull lesions were most often observed in desert bighorn rams ≥5 years old. The age of ewes could not be accurately determined. The skull anomalies were believed to result from pyogenic osteomyelitis.
Cataracts in Cichlid Fish
Authors: Noga Edward J. , Wolf E. Daniel , Cardeilhac Paul T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bilateral cataracts were detected in a group of aquarium-raised tilapia (Sarotherodon mossam-bicus). Vision impairment was manifested as random swimming into objects, but the fish appeared to function normally otherwise. Most of the lens was opaque, with the outer extent of the cortex and subcapsular region remaining transparent. Skeletal abnormalities, ie, deformed fins, abnormal jaws, and curvature of the spine, were observed in affected individuals. Histologically, there was progressive degeneration of the cataractous portion as the affected fish matured. Preliminary breeding experiments indicated that the condition may be inherited.
Illness Associated with Paramyxo-like Virus Infection in a Zoologic Collection of Snakes
Authors: Jacobson Elliott , Gaskin Jack M. , Page Douglas , Iverson William O. , Johnson John W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Of 438 snakes in a zoologic collection, 35 died during a 3-month period; all were members of the family Viperidae. Clinical signs consisted of gaping of the mouth followed within 1 day by convulsions. All necropsied animals had a mucoid exudate throughout the respiratory tract. Histologic evaluation of lung revealed evidence of interstitial pneumonia, with occasional eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusions in epithelial cells. A paramyxo-like virus, isolated in viper heart cells from lung tissue, was observed by electron microscopy to be budding from cell membranes. The virus hemagglutinated chicken red blood cells at 5 C, and antibody titers were assayed by hemagglutination inhibition. In a random survey of 22 snakes from the zoologic collection, antibody titers to the virus ranged from 1/20 to 1/2,560.
Feline Plague in New Mexico: Report of Five Cases
Authors: Rollag O. J. , Skeels Michael R. , Nims Linda J. , Thilsted John P. , Mann Jonathan M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Naturally acquired plague was diagnosed in 5 domestic cats. The cats apparently contracted the disease through contact with sylvatic rodents or their fleas in plague-enzootic areas. The diagnosis was confirmed by direct immunofluorescence and isolation of Yersinia pestis on culture of abscess material. Abscess formation, lymphadenitis, lethargy, and fever were consistent clinical findings.
Transmission of equine infectious anemia virus from horses without clinical signs of disease
Authors: Issel Charles J. , Adams W. V. , Meek Lamar , Ochoa Ricardo 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty seven adult horses positive to the agar gel immunodiffusion (agid) test for equine infectious anemia (eia), but with no history of clinical eia, were used in transfusion studies to determine whether infectious eia virus was present in 1 to 5 ml of their blood. Of 27 recipients, 21 (78%) became agid testpositive at an average of 24 days after inoculation. Two horses that were initially negative when screened were retested and found to carry infectious virus in 5-300 ml of whole blood; the other 4 horses were not retested.
Horse flies (Tabanus fuscicostatus Hine) were unable to transmit eia virus from 10 agid testpositive donors with no history of clinical eia, but virus was transmitted from a pony with artificially induced acute eia and from a horse that had recovered from a clinical attack of eia 9 months earlier.
Histopathologic changes indicative of eia were noted in all test-positive recipients. The most consistent lesion was paracortical lymphoid hyperplasia in the splenic lymph node.
Use of a gold compound for the treatment of pemphigus foliaceus in a foal
Authors: Power H. T. , McEvoy E. O. , Manning T. O. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A 4-month-old foal was examined because of generalized exfoliative dermatitis, with thick scales, extensive crusting, and oozing of serum. A diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus was made by histologic and immunopathologic examinations of skin biopsy specimens. The foal was treated with a gold compound, aurothioglucose (1 mg/kg once weekly for 14 weeks). For the initial 5 weeks, high-dose glucocorticoid treatment also was used. The skin disorder resolved entirely after 12 weeks of treatment.
Plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia
Authors: Peterson Mark E. , Gilbertson Steven R. , Drucker William D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The plasma cortisol response to exogenous ACTH (ACTH stimulation test) was evaluated in 22 dogs with hyperadrenocorticism caused by adrenocortical neoplasia. The mean basal cortisol concentration (6.3 μig/dl) was high, but 7 dogs had basal cortisol concentrations that were within normal range.
Administration of exogenous ACTH increased the plasma cortisol concentrations in each dog. Normal post-ACTH cortisol concentrations were found in 9 (41%) of the 22 dogs; 13 (59%) had an exaggerated increase in cortisol concentrations after ACTH administration. In 9 of 13 dogs with carcinoma and in 4 of 9 with adenoma, the cortisol response was exaggerated. The mean post-ACTH cortisol concentration in the dogs with carcinoma was approximately 4 times that of the dogs with adenoma; the 7 dogs with the highest concentrations had carcinoma.
Repeat studies were performed in 6 dogs 2 to 8 weeks after initial testing. In 5 of the 6 dogs, repeat testing yielded data of similar diagnostic significance. One dog, however, had an abnormally high post-ACTH cortisol concentration at initial evaluation, but had only a minimal response to ACTH administration, with a normal post-ACTH cortisol concentration, at time of retesting.
Although ACTH stimulation testing is useful in diagnosing hyperadrenocorticism, it can not reliably separate dogs with hyperfunctional adrenocortical tumors from clinically normal dogs or from dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (bilateral adrenocortical hyperplasia).
Blood transfusion reactions in the cat
Authors: Auer L. , Bell K. , Coates S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The transfusion of only 4 ml of group A blood resulted in sudden death of a cat that was recovering from surgery. The clinical signs were similar in many respects to those exhibited by tranquilized group B cats when challenge exposed for the 1st time with incompatible A cells. The distribution of the A and B blood group antigens and the occurrence of naturally occurring isoantibodies in the cat were considered in relation to the probability of producing transfusion reactions. The results obtained with tranquilized and anesthetized cats demonstrated that immediate reactions can occur following the 1st transfusion of incompatible red blood cells. Cross matching with respect to the AB system is recommended before giving blood transfusions to cats.
Mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip for lower eyelid restoration in the dog
Authors: Pavletic Michael M. , Nafe Lawrence A. , Confer Anthony W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A mucocutaneous subdermal plexus flap from the lip was transplanted into a defect created by removing the lower eyelid in 17 dogs. The grafts were evaluated from 10 days to 6 months later to assess their survivability, function, and cosmetic appearance. Histology was used in selected cases to examine changes in the grafted tissue. In addition, electromyograms were obtained for 2 grafts at 2 weeks and for 2 grafts at 24 weeks to assess reinnervation of transplanted segments of the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles.
Minor necrosis of the outer flap margin occurred in 4 dogs, but healing by second intention was satisfactory. Results from the histologic and electromyographic analyses suggested reinnervation of the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscle segments occurred from portions of the auriculopalpebral nerve in 2 grafts.
The cosmetic and functional results in this procedure were satisfactory. It was concluded that the lip flap is a suitable substitute for the lower eyelid in the dog and can be effectively used for single-stage replacement of major lower eyelid losses, but that an elective second-stage procedure can be done to improve the cosmetic results in selected cases.
Excessive moderator bands in the left ventricle of 21 cats
Authors: Liu Si-kwang , Fox Philip R. , Tilley Lawrence P. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Excessive numbers of moderator bands bridging the left ventricular septum and free wall and entangling papillary muscles were associated with heart failure and death in 21 cats. Clinical findings included dyspnea, anorexia, hypothermia, cardiomegaly, pleural effusion, plumonary edema, heart murmurs, gallop rhythm, electrocardiographic abnormalities (especially conduction disturbances), increased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, angiocardiographic evidence of left ventricular restriction, and aortic thromboembolism. Pathologic changes included a morphologically distinct network of abnormal numbers of moderator bands in the left ventricle, left ventricular hypertrophy (younger cats—mean age, 4 years) or dilatation (older cats— mean age, 8.7 years), left atrial enlargement and hypertrophy, and pulmonary edema with heart failure cells in the alveoli. Heart weights of affected cats were significantly less than those of cats with congestive, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy (endocardial fibrosis), but were not significantly less than heart weights of clinically normal cats. Pathologic changes were characteristic of the syndrome grossly and histologically, but clinical findings were not clearly definable.
Insulin-secreting islet cell tumors: Establishing a diagnosis and the clinical course for 25 dogs
Authors: Kruth Stephen A. , Feldman Edward C. , Kennedy Peter C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-five dogs with insulin-secreting neoplasms of the pancreas were studied. The diagnosis in each case was determined by histologic evaluation of pancreatic tissue obtained at surgery.
The breed distribution revealed that German Shepherd Dogs, Irish Setters, and Collies were most commonly represented. Physical examination, complete blood counts, serum biochemical analysis, and urinalysis were of little diagnostic value, aside from the finding of hypoglycemia in 21 of 25 dogs. Radiographs of the thorax and abdomen were noncontributory to the ultimate diagnosis.
Prior to surgery, fasting immunoreactive insulin concentrations and blood glucose concentrations were studied. Insulin:glucose ratios, glucose:insulin ratios, and amended insulin:glucose ratios were determined from the insulin and glucose concentrations in a single blood sample in each of 28 trials. In addition, glucagon tolerance tests were performed on 12 dogs. The amended insulin:glucose ratios proved to be the most reliable for diagnosis.
Pancreatic masses were evident at surgery in 23 of 25 dogs; the remaining 2 dogs had microscopic evidence of an islet cell tumor. Nineteen of the islet cell tumors were carcinomas and 6 were simply described as “islet cell tumors.”
The mean life expectancy after surgery was 12.3 months. Treatment for malignant islet cell tumors included frequent feeding, glucocorticoids, and diazoxide.
Effect of diet on exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
Authors: Pidgeon Guy 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Clinically normal dogs and dogs with surgically induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were fed a dry dietary food (diet A) formulated for use in dogs with gastrointestinal disorders or a popular dry dog food (diet B). Feces from the dogs and the diets were analyzed for moisture and fat content. Dogs with surgically induced exocrine pancreatic insufficiency were studied with and without oral pancreatic enzyme treatment, which was supplemented with gastric acid modifiers.
In the amounts fed, diet A provided 26% less dry matter and 18% less fat than did diet B; however, the fat content and dry matter in feces were approximately 60% less when dogs were fed diet A, compared with diet B. The digestibility of fat in normal dogs was similar for both diets. All other results indicated that feeding diet A versus diet B would result in improved assimilation of fat and dry matter in dogs with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency.
Photoreceptor degeneration in a family of cats
Authors: West-Hyde Leigh , Buyukmihci Ned 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blindness developed at an early age in 2 generations of cats. Findings included abnormal pupillary responses to light, tapetal hyperreflectivity, retinal vascular attenuation, and virtually extinct electro-retinograms. Histologic and ultrastructural abnormalities were found only in photoreceptors. There were poor inner and outer segment development and reduction in visual cell nuclei, with concomitant narrowing of the outer plexiform layer early in the postnatal period. Eventually, there was complete loss of the photoreceptor layer. The clinical and microscopic findings suggested this retinal disease may be a heritable rod-cone dysplasia.
Thymoma in 11 cats
Authors: Carpenter James L. , Holzworth Jean 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eleven thymomas, 10 benign and 1 malignant, were diagnosed in cats at the Angell Memorial Animal Hospital. Six cats were dyspneic, owing either to the pressure of the tumor or the associated effusion. The effusion in 1 instance contained chyle, and in another, malignant epithelial cells associated with satellite lesions.
Three cats had polymyositis, as evidenced clinically by muscle weakness and confirmed by microscopic examination. Two of these also had myocarditis and difficulty in swallowing.
In 1 cat, the primary disorder was an atypical, progressive, moist dermatitis that was unresponsive to treatment and that became so severely generalized that the cat had to be destroyed. The thymoma was discovered only at necropsy.
Multiple congenital heart anomalies in five Arabian foals
Authors: Bayly W. M. , Reed S. M. , Leathers C. W. , Brown C. M. , Traub J. L. , Paradis M. R. , Palmer G. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five Arabian or half-Arabian foals with suspected multiple cardiac anomalies were examined. Various combinations of clinical examination, electrocardiography, angiocardiography, cardiac catheterization, blood gas analysis, radiography, and echocardiography resulted in clinical data that allowed accurate antemortem diagnoses to be made. In 4 cases, the clinical diagnosis was substantiated by postmortem findings. The confirmed diagnoses were: pseudotruncus arteriosus, a combination of patent ductus arteriosus, pulmonic stenosis, and tricuspid stenosis, pentalogy of Fallot, and tricuspid atresia. The surviving horse was believed to have an interventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus, or a persistent truncus arteriosus.
Cerebrospinal nematodiasis and visceral larva migrans in an Australian (Latham's) brush turkey
Authors: Kazacos Kevin R. , Kazacos Evelyn M. , Render James A. , Thacker H. Leon 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Cerebrospinal nematodiasis and visceral larva migrans were diagnosed in an Australian (Latham's) brush turkey (Alectara lathami) that died at the Indianapolis Zoo following a progressive neurologic disease. Histologically, multifocal areas of malacia, necrosis, and inflammation were seen in sections of cerebrum, cerebellum, and midbrain; lesions were most severe in the cerebellum. A large granuloma in a lung contained cross sections of a large ascarid larva identified as Baylisascaris. The cns lesions were typical of larval migration, as documented in other avian species. An epizootiologic investigation indicated that Baylisascaris procyonis was the etiologic agent and that the bird had acquired the parasite through contact with fecal contamination from wild raccoons at the St Louis Zoo, where the bird had been raised.
Coccidioidomycosis in the llama: Case report and epidemiologic survey
Authors: Muir Susie , Pappagianis Demosthenes 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
An 8-year-old nongravid female llama with a 1-month history of progressive posterior paresis was referred because of suspected degenerative myelopathy secondary to copper deficiency or plant poisoning. Neurologic examination revealed loss of conscious proprioception and slightly depressed bilateral patellar reflexes. Electromyographic examination of hindlimb flexors and extensors did not elicit evidence of lower motor neuron disease. Possible fragmentation and mottling of the 10th thoracic vertebral body were noted radiographically. Results of a lumbar csftap, complete blood count, and fecal flotation were not diagnostic. In the face of poor prognosis, the llama was euthanatized. Postmortem and histologic evaluation revealed, in addition to disseminated visceral granulomas, an extradural pyogranulomatous mass compressing the cord laterally at the level of T-10. Large numbers of Coccidioides immitis were dispersed throughout the granulomas. Complement fixing antibody tests in 11 other herd members showed evidence of C immitis infection in three.