bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transplantation immunity and the suppression of spleen colony formation by immunization with murine leukemia virus preparations (Friend)
Authors: Friend Charlotte , Rossi Giovanni B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMice were immunized with tissue‐cultured or formalin‐inactivated murine leukemia virus preparations and challenged with active virus or with the virus‐induced leukemic cells from established tissue culture lines. Although the virus obtained from the tissue‐culture system had a low leukemogenic potential, its immunizing capacity was equal to that of the inactivated leukemic spleen filtrate virus. All preparations afforded protection against challenge with virus as well as with cells. Transplantation immunity was further demonstrated by the marked inhibition of spleen colony formation by the leukemic cells in preimmunized lethally irradiated mice.
Studies on the oncogenicity of bovine adenovirus type 3
Authors: Darbyshire J. H. , Berman L. D. , Chesterman F. C. , Pereira H. G. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe oncogenicity of bovine adenovirus type 3 in Syrian hamsters and CBA mice has been investigated. Two different pathological lesions were observed in the hamsters, but no unequivocal tumour production was demonstrated in the mice. Each type of lesion in the hamsters had a different latent period and was related to the original dose of virus. Low virus doses produced solid characteristic adenovirus‐type tumours with a latent period of at least one month, whereas higher doses of virus characteristically produced haemorrhagic cystic lesions incorporating fibrous tumour plaques with a latent period of less than a month. The possibility that these two lesions resulted from the presence of two different agents in the inocula cannot be ruled out, although there is some evidence to suggest that this was not the case.Hamsters inoculated with virus developed complement‐fixing, immunodiffusing and neutralizing antiviral antibodies regardless of tumour production, but an antibody response to „T”︁ antigen was not consistently demonstrated. A classical transplantation immunity of the Habel‐Sjögren type was produced. The cystic lesions, although appearing as low‐grade neoplasms, might actually have been partly cytotoxic (or lytic) in nature. Thus the persistence of some virions or virion antigens into the period of immunological maturity may account for the antiviral antibody response in inoculated hamsters.
Sulphoglycoprotein antigens in the human alimentary canal and gastric cancer. An immunohistological study
Authors: Häkkinen I. , Järvi O. , Grönroos J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe distribution of sulphoglycoproteins in the mucosa of the human alimentary canal has been investigated by a sensitive immunofluorescence technique. Gastric epithelium obtained from young peptic ulcer patients was assumed to reveal the normal distribution of sulphoglycoproteins in the gastric mucosa. The earlier immunochemical observation of the existence of three kinds of sulphoglycoproteins of different antigenicity was confirmed histoimmunologically. Normally two of these are present but differ in their location. The third, called foetal antigen in the nomenclature adopted, was present in gastric cancer cells but could also be found outside the tumour in superficial cells. This foetal antigen was occasionally noted in the antral superficial cells in four stomachs without detectable malignancy. The relation between carcinogenesis and the presence of cells which possess this foetal antigen is discussed.
The time of appearance and distribution of sulphoglycoprotein antigens in the human foetal alimentary canal
Authors: Häkkinen I. , Korhonen L. K. , Saxén L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSulphoglycoprotein antigens of the foetal alimentary canal have been studied by the immunofluorescence technique, and the presence of sulphomucins demonstrated histochemically from adjacent sections. The material studied consisted of 39 foetuses of between 6 and 16 weeks of gestation. A supplementary autopsy series of newborns was studied by the same techniques. The three sulphoglycoprotein antigens found earlier in normal and pathological adult gastric mucosa appeared between 7 and 8 weeks of gestation and all were present in the foetal alimentary epithelium. The typical location of these antigens showed characteristics either of the normal adult distribution or of the distribution found in pathological conditions in the gastric epithelium. The ca‐antigen (cancer antigen) present in cancerous gastric epithelium in adults has now been tentatively named the foetal sulphoglycoprotein antigen (FSA). A comparison is made between the distribution of the sulphoglycoprotein antigens detected by the immunofluorescence technique and that of the sulphomucins seen by histochemical methods. It is suggested that these antigens are mainly situated in sulphated molecules.Les antigènes sulfoglycoprotéiniques du tube digestif foetal ont été étudiés par la technique de l'immunofluoresence; l'étude histochimique de coupes voisines a montré la présence de sulfomucines. Le matériel étudié se composait de 39 foetus ǎgés de 6 à 16 semaines. On a étudié par les měmes techniques un matériel d'autopsie de nouveau‐nés. Les trois antigènes sulfoglycoprotéiniques trouvés antérieurement dans la muqueuse gastrique normale et pathologique de l'adulte sont apparus entre 7 et 8 semaines de gestation; tous trois étaient présents dans l'épithélium du tube digestif foetal. La localisation typique de ces antigènes présentait soit la distribution de l'adulte normal soit la distribution observée dans les états pathologiques de l'épithélium gastrique. L'antigène canceéreux présent dans l'épithélium gastrique cancéreux de l'adulte a été appelé provisoirement „antigène sulfoglycoprotéinique foetal”︁ (ASF). Une comparaison est établie entre la distribution des antigènes sulfoglycoprotéiniques révélée par l'immunofluorescence et celle des sulfomucines révélée par les méthodes histochimiques. Les auteurs considèrent que ces antigènes sont situés principalement dans les molécules sulfatées.
Susceptibility of praomys (Mastomys) natalensis to the murine sarcoma virus‐harvey (MSV‐H)
Authors: Harvey Jennifer J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPraomys (Mastomys) natalensis, which are African rodents intermediate in size between rats and mice, were tested for susceptibility to the Murine Sarcoma Virus‐Harvey (MSV‐H) and to the Friend Leukaemia Virus (FLV). Newborn Mastomys, like rats and mice, reacted within 28–127 days to MSV‐H injected intraperitoneally. The majority (14/16) developed gross splenomegaly (with concomitant anaemia) due partly to proliferation of erythroblasts and partly to the formation of large sarcomas. This tumour formation was much more regular, rapid and extensive than that seen in the spleens of rats and mice, while the erythroblastosis was equally intense. Sarcomas were found at other sites, namely, in the diaphragm, peritoneal wall and splenic mesentery of only 4/16 infected Mastomys, suggesting that the splenic tumours were primary lesions. One Mastomys developed reticulum cell leukaemia and another a leukaemia characterized by a mixed population of lymphoblasts and erythroblasts. In line with findings in the rat and mouse, but not the hamster, there was no change in the species specificity of MSV‐H recovered from the plasma of infected Mastomys which was fully infective when tested in newborn Mastomys and BALB/c mice.By contrast, newborn or weanling Mastomys injected intravenously or intraperitoneally with FLV remained healthy during an observation period of 5 months.
The basis of the tumorigenicity of BHK 21 cells
Authors: Jarrett Oswald , Macpherson Ian 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBHK 21/13 cells, 50 generations from cloning, are transplantable owing to the presence of a small proportion (about 0.001%) of highly tumorigenic variant cells. Non‐tumorigenic cells can easily be isolated from these stocks by recloning. With passage in vitro the proportion of tumorigenic variants can increase to over 90%. This may be due to any or all of three situations: 1) the appearance of many different new tumorigenic variants, 2) the selection of the initially observed variant cells because of their greater capacity for growth in culture, or 3) the presence of a replicating agent transmitted from a variant to other cells. Means by which the increase in the proportion of variants might be minimized are discussed.In contrast to BHK 21/13 cells in early passage, their polyoma‐transformed derivatives are highly tumorigenic. Polyoma virus does not selectively transform existing tumorigenic variant cells; thus, the tumorigenicity of the transformed cells is a consequence of the virus‐cell interaction.
Comparative studies on the amount of DNA in cell nuclei of mouse skin after administration of carcinogenic and non‐carcinogenic substances
Authors: Inui Naomichi , Takayama Shozo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe amount of DNA in cell nuclei was determined by microspectrophotometry on Feulgen‐stained preparations using basal cells from the back skin of mice after painting with 3‐methylcholanthrene (3‐MC), croton oil and turpentine, and from skin after a burn. In the hyperplastic epithelium of the skin painted with 3‐MC, the amount of DNA per cell nucleus was the same as that of normal skin but the mean amount of DNA in papilloma and atypical hyperplasia was slightly higher. However, no significant difference was found from that of the normal. In contrast to the above lesions, the amount of DNA in squamous cell carcinomas was elevated and the range of modal distribution was wider. In the hyperplastic epithelium induced by painting with croton oil or turpentine, the amount of DNA was also near the normal range. In the regenerating hyperplastic epithelium after a burn, the number of cells with an increased amount of DNA was higher for 2–5 days after the burn but no essential difference was observed from the normal.
Transformation of a mouse cell line by murine sarcoma virus (Moloney)
Authors: Yoshikura Hiroshi , Hirokawa Yasuko , Ikawa Yoji , Sugano Haruo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMurine sarcoma virus (Moloney) (MSV) transformed C3H2K cells originating from the kidney tissues of a newborn C3H/He mouse. Titration of the virus showed a one‐hit dose response in the presence of an excess of Friend leukemia virus (FLV) and a two‐hit dose response in the absence of FLV, indicating that MSV was defective and a dual infection by MSV and a murine leukemia virus was required for MSV focus formation. Preinfection with FLV interfered with focus formation by MSV. The MSV foci appeared most abundantly when the cells in the S phase were infected with the virus. Remarkable similarities between murine and avian sarcoma viruses were thus established. Focus center assay on either uninfected or FLV‐infected C3H2K cell monolayer indicated that MSV foci did not arise by cellular division alone but required secondary infection, while RSV foci arose by cellular division alone.
Lethal cell number for mouse lymphoma dosage‐response studies: Indirect study using intravenous inocula
Authors: Maruyama Yosh 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe lethal cell number for transplant mouse lymphoma dosage‐response time experiments was studied by indirect methods based on extrapolation of the dose‐response curve and upon measurement of liver and spleen weight changes. The liver and spleen appear to represent the major sites for tumor cell proliferation for the LSA tumor following intravenous injection. Weight changes were very similar and independent of initial cell dose in the dose range studied, consistent with the concept of a critical cell population number in the postulated model for lymphomatous tumor cell growth. Differences from the extrapolated lethal number based on the dose‐response curve compared to the measured organ weight changes as well as a response time variance decreasing with nominal cell dose are discussed.
Search for an adenovirus etiology of human oral and pharyngeal tumors
Authors: Rangan S. R. S. , Mukherjee A. L. , Bang F. B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA comparison and characterization of the type of cellular outgrowth from normal and malignant human oropharyngeal mucosal epithelium have been made. Biopsies were explanted on collagen substrates and maintained in Eagle's basal medium plus 30% fetal calf serum. Epithelial cells grown from a squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx were maintained for over 6 months in three serial subcultures.Secondary cellular outgrowths from 25 different oropharyngeal tumors were studied for the presence of intranuclear T antigens induced by adenovirus types 7, 12, 18, 21 and 31 using the direct immunofluorescence technique. Antigens similar to the T antigen in adenovirus‐induced hamster tumor cells were not observed.Sera from 88 patients were tested for the presence of antibodies against adeno 12 viral and T antigens by indirect fluorescent staining. Antibodies to adenovirus‐12‐induced T antigens were found at about the same frequency, namely 17%, 23% and 24% in the sera of patients with no malignancy, patients with oral or pharyngeal tumors and patients with tumor at other sites respectively. Nearly 44% of the sera contained antibodies against adeno 12 viral antigens. However, only 50% of these positive sera contained antibodies against adeno‐12‐induced T antigen. None of the viral negative sera had antibodies to the T antigen.
The metabolism of 7,12‐dimethylbenz(A)anthracene in cell cultures
Authors: Diamond Leila , Sardet Christian , Rothblat George H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWhen tritiated 7,12‐dimethylbenz (a)anthracene (DMBA) was incubated in the presence of monolayer cultures of normal embryonic rodent cells, a large fraction of the carcinogen was metabolized to water‐soluble derivatives that could be recovered from the medium. Small amounts of material with chromatographic properties similar to those of the monohydroxymethyl derivatives of DMBA also were recovered from the medium, but no compound resembling the dihydroxymethyl derivative was detected. In the presence of a transformed line of hamster embryo cells and a strain of human diploid cells, DMBA was metabolized to the hydroxymethyl and water‐soluble derivatives to a much lesser extent. The amount of carcinogen metabolized by HeLa cells was intermediate between those of the normal and of the transformed rodent cells, but the main water‐soluble derivatives produced in the presence of rodent cells and HeLa cells were different. Thus, DMBA was metabolized to water‐soluble derivatives primarily by those cells which are sensitive to cytotoxicity induced by the carcinogen, i.e., the normal rodent cells and HeLa cells; the transformed hamster cells and the normal human cells are relatively resistant to the carcinogen‐induced cytotoxicity. The conversion of DMBA to water‐soluble metabolites was inhibited by actinomycin D.The hydroxymethyl derivatives of DMBA were taken up by the normal rodent cells, but were approximately 100 times less cytotoxic than DMBA. The main water‐soluble derivative formed in the presence of rodent cells was partially purified and added to fresh cell cultures; it was found that this derivative is taken up by cells at a much slower rate than the original compound.
Présence d'une Protéine D'origine Tissulaire, L'α2H‐Globuline, Dans le Sérum de Sujets Atteints d'Affections Malignes
Authors: Buffe D. , Rimbaut C. , Burtin P. 
Published: February 2007

Presence of a tissue protein, α2H globulin, in the serum of patients with neoplastic diseasesThe presence of an α2 globulin of probable hepatic origin has been demonstrated by immunodiffusion and radioimmunodiffusion techniques in sera of patients with neoöplastic diseases.— 199 out of 395 (50%) of the sera of cancer patients were positive for α2H.— 71 out of 355 (20%) of pathological but non cancerous sera were positive for α2H.— None of the 45 normal control sera showed the presence of the α2H protein.The α2 H protein is found more frequently in cancerous than in non cancerous sera. However, at present, a diagnostic test cannot be derived from its absence or presence. The discovery of a malignancy in a certain number of sera originally classified as non cancerous incites to pursue our investigations. The elevated percentage of positive pathological sera is suggestive of a reactivity factor. Different factors liable to interfere with the results are discussed. The presence of α2H could be a symptom of a metabolic hepatic reaction similar to that giving rise to the α2 AP globulin in the rat.
Separation of specific antibodies to tstas of adeno 12 and polyoma tumors
Authors: Sjögren Hans O. , Motet Dan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAntisera specifically directed against the TSTAs of adeno 12 and polyoma mouse tumors were absorbed with cells of other tumors induced by the same viruses. The antibodies adsorbed on tumor cells were subsequently eluted at pH 3. The eluate, absorbed serum and original serum were tested by the colony inhibition (CI) technique for complement dependent cytotoxicity against adeno 12 and polyoma tumor cells syngeneic with the serum donors. Similar adsorption‐elution experiments were performed with crude cell membrane fractions.It was demonstrated that the anti‐tumor antibody activity of the original serum can be absorbed away by both intact tumor cells and crude cell membrane fractions. The specific antibodies can subsequently be recovered by elution (at low pH) from the cells used for absorption.
Partial characterization of an antigen in spontaneous murine mammary tumors
Authors: Tacker J. Ronald , Hyde Richard M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMammary carcinomas of three strains of mouse (Swiss Webster, A, and C3H/He) were investigated for the presence of a tumor‐specific antigen. The antigen could be detected only in the outbred Swiss Webster mice. When rabbit antisera to pools of mammary tumor and normal tissues were absorbed three or more times with normal tissues (heart, lungs, spleen and liver) and examined by gel immunodiffusion, the results indicated that the antigen was present in tumor tissue but not in normal tissue. The antigen could not be demonstrated in other organs of tumor‐bearing mice. Moreover, the precipitin band indicative of tumor antigen was easily removed by absorbing antitumor sera with pooled mammary tumor tissues.The results of lipid extraction procedures suggested that the antigen was not a lipid. The fact that it was not inactivated at 56°C for at least 30 minutes suggested that the antigen was fairly heat‐stable. Trypsinization destroyed the ability of the antigen to react with absorbed anti‐tumor sera, suggesting that it was probably protein in nature. With the cellular fractionation procedures employed, the antigen remained in the supernatant of the 105,000 × g fraction. This suggested that it was a cytoplasmic constituent. The results of immunofluorescent studies substantiated the impression that the antigen was in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells. No membrane or nuclear fluorescence could be detected.
Activation of rous virus in the transplanted golden hamster tumour with the aid of artificial heterokaryon formation
Authors: Shevliaghyn V. J. , Biryulina T. I. , Tikhonova Z. N. , Karazas N. V. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA transplanted hamster tumour induced by the Carr‐Zilber strain of Rous sarcoma virus was studied during ten consecutive passages. Mature virus, virus connected with the cells, viral antigen and antigen active in the complement fixation test were determined. The ability of Rous virus to be activated in tumour cells was also determined with the aid of heterokaryon formation with chick embryo fibroblasts.It was shown that the tumour retained in all passages the capacity for activation of Rous virus despite the disappearance of virus and viral antigen. The minimum number of cells containing one activated virus unit was increased during the tumour passages. X‐irradiation of the tumour cells did not activate the Rous virus.The method of heterokaryon formation was also successfully applied for activation of Rous virus from a cell line that had originated in a hamster Rous tumour and had been cultivated in vitro for more than two years.
Immunology of 2‐acetylaminofluorene‐induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas
Authors: Baldwin R. W. , Embleton M. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe immunogenicities of 11 rat mammary adenocarcinomas induced with 2‐acetylaminofluorene (AAF) have been studied. Attempts were made to induce tumour‐specific immunity in syngeneic female rats, following treatment with heavily irradiated tumour or surgical removal of developing subcutaneous tumour grafts. Resistance was evoked against only two tumours and this was extremely weak. With the others, no resistance against the immunizing tumour could be demonstrated, even though the tests were made highly sensitive by the use of inocula of as few as 103 cells in pre‐irradiated hosts. Sera from rats immunized against six of the tumours were tested against viable cells of the immunizing tumour in an immunofluorescence test. In no case did tumour antisera give a positive reaction with the tumour cells, although allogeneic isoantisera consistently gave strongly positive reactions. The results are interpreted as showing that AAF‐induced rat mammary adenocarcinomas are deficient in tumour‐specific transplantation antigens.
Serum α1 foeto‐protein (fetuin) in children with malignant ovarian or testicular teratomas. Preliminary results
Authors: Mawas C. , Kohen M. , Lemerle J. , Buffe D. , Schweisguth O. , Burtin P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a study of sera of 93 children bearing various malignant tumours, the authors were able to detect by an immunological test an enthryonal protein, α1 foeto‐protein or fetuin, in one testicular and four ovarian embryonal carcinomas.Children bearing tumours other than malignant teratomas, and control children, gave negative results (with one exception in a normal 3‐day‐old infant).Such an immunological test, therefore, appears to have some diagnostic and prog nostic value which deserves further investigation.
The african lymphoma in central africa
Authors: McGlashan N. D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and three cases of the African lymphoma based on doctors' recall of cases are mapped and examined with reference to their geographical distribution. Altitude is shown to be important but minimum temperature is questioned. The effect of these distributional findings on existing hypotheses of insect‐vectored virus aetiology of the tumours is discussed and the need for further and more accurate studies in south‐central Africa is stressed. Such work should become possible shortly with the establishment of uniform Cancer Registries in the territories.