bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bipedal Robot Joint Trajectory Generation for Predetermined Zero Momentum Point
Authors: Aghamohammadinazari Mohammadsaeid , Azimi Mohsen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Numerous control methodologies have been proposed by researchers to develop an efficient bipedal dynamic walking robots that emulate human locomotion. In our previous works we have introduced Energy Dissipation Rate Control (EDRC) where a stable walking gait was achieved by regulating the rate of the energy dissipation, during each Impact Phases (IP). This method opposes previous works in this field where their core underlying approach revolves around modulating the robot's energy levels throughout each Single Support Phase (SSP). To ensure the stability of the biped robots, compliance with the Zero Momentum Point (ZMP) criterion is crucial. In this work, a new semi-analytical pattern generation approach is introduced to address this requirement. This new approach is capable of deriving all the robot's joint trajectories and torques by formulating the inverse kinematic and kinetic equations, along with ZMP criterion as a nonlinear state space system. For the first time in this work, it is shown how ZMP cause the coupling between the kinetic and kinematic equations which requires solving the inverse kinematic and kinetic equations simultaneously. Subsequently, this system of equation is solved by direct integration using Runge–Kutta method. Simulation results confirm the compatibility of the previously introduced EDRC method and the proposed semi-analytical pattern generation approach, as they can facilitate stable walking gait for biped robots.
‘It’s not making a decision, it’s prompting the discussions’: a qualitative study exploring stakeholders’ views on the acceptability and feasibility of advance research planning (CONSULT-ADVANCE)
Authors: Shepherd Victoria , Hood Kerenza , Wood Fiona 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Health and care research involving people who lack capacity to consent requires an alternative decision maker to decide whether they participate or not based on their ‘presumed will’. However, this is often unknown. Advance research planning (ARP) is a process for people who anticipate periods of impaired capacity to prospectively express their preferences about research participation and identify who they wish to be involved in future decisions. This may help to extend individuals’ autonomy by ensuring that proxy decisions are based on their actual wishes. This qualitative study aimed to explore stakeholders’ views about the acceptability and feasibility of ARP and identify barriers and facilitators to its implementation in the UK.
Methods
We conducted semi-structured interviews with 27 researchers, practitioners, and members of the public who had participated in a preceding survey. Interviews were conducted remotely between April and November 2023. Data were analysed thematically.
Results
Participants were supportive of the concept of ARP, with differing amounts of support for the range of possible ARP activities depending on the context. Six main themes were identified: 1) Planting a seed – creating opportunities to initiate/engage with ARP; 2) One part of the puzzle – using preferences expressed through ARP to inform decisions; 3) Finding the sweet spot – optimising the timing of ARP; 4) More than a piece of paper – finding the best mode for recording preferences; 5) Not shutting the door on an opportunity – minimising the risk of unintended consequences; and 6) Navigating with a compass – principles underpinning ARP to ensure safeguarding and help address inequalities. Participants also identified a number of implementation challenges, and proposed facilitative strategies that might overcome them which included embedding advance research planning in existing future planning processes and research-focused activities.
Conclusions
This study provides a routemap to implementing ARP in the UK to enable people anticipating impaired capacity to express their preferences about research, thus ensuring greater opportunities for inclusion of this under-served group, and addressing the decisional burden experienced by some family members acting as proxies. Development of interventions and guidance to support ARP is needed, with a focus on ensuring accessibility.
Scheduling Optimization of Electric Trucks for Mines Based on Energy Recovery and Hybrid Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Yan Weigang , Yu Xiaoyuan , 吴 习 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

In the context of increasingly stringent fuel consumption regulations, new energy trucks have become one of the equipment for mining transportation. However, the batteries of new energy trucks consume a significant amount of energy, necessitating rational planning and scheduling to reduce energy consumption. This paper explores a mine transportation scheduling solution based on a hybrid genetic algorithm, with special consideration given to the energy recovery characteristics of electric trucks. Through an analysis of battery energy consumption and recovery during truck operation, and a comprehensive consideration of factors such as transportation time between various mine nodes, road slope and length, as well as node mining and queuing time, the constraints of transportation route selection and vehicle scheduling were examined. The study establishes a multi-objective optimization model that seeks a reasonable structure while taking into account maximizing transportation volume and minimizing costs.The Dijkstra algorithm, combined with the breadth-first search algorithm, is employed to calculate suitable paths. Subsequently, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm is utilized for vehicle task allocation through a unique genetic encoding method. Mathematical methods, including entropy weighting, are incorporated to address the multi-objective weighting problem of automatic truck scheduling. To enhance the realism of the solution, the model also accounts for time-varying changes in road congestion and road bifurcation points traversed by truck routes. Finally, simulation experiments validate that the established energy optimization model has a positive impact on mine operations by increasing mining transportation volume, reducing costs, and minimizing wasted time. Additionally, the proposed method exhibits robustness and practicality, demonstrating certain fault adjustment capabilities.
PASK-Net: A Hybrid Network for Polyps Image Segmentation
Authors: Lv Yankun , Lu Guohao , Li Yan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Accurate segmentation of polyps is crucial in the field of medical image recognition. Attention mechanisms have been widely applied in medical image segmentation, but attention mechanisms implemented by convolution are limited in capturing multi-scale information due to the constraints of convolution kernel sizes. This linear aggregation method restricts the network's adaptability to various complex situations and has limitations in handling multi-scale information. Therefore, this paper proposes PASK-Net, which performs serial computations in both channel and spatial dimensions. In the channel dimension, a nonlinear approach is introduced to achieve neuron-adaptive receptive field sizes, addressing the problem of fixed convolutional processing range in attention mechanisms that hinders effective acquisition of multi-scale information. Meanwhile, in the spatial dimension, Channel-Prioritized Convolutional Attention (CPCA) is introduced to enhance the network's feature representation capability by aggregating multi-scale information from different-sized convolutional kernel branches, while ensuring computational efficiency. Comparative experiments on the Kvasir dataset demonstrate that, compared to other networks, the PASK module performs well on six evaluation metrics including Dice and IOU, achieving a Dice value of 87.54% and an IOU value of 80.6%, effectively improving the accuracy of polyp segmentation. Results from ablation experiments also validate the effectiveness of the module. The codes are available at https://github.com/LvYamKun/PASK-Net
Incentive affects physicians’ willingness to participate in urban-rural medical consortia: A comparative study of county and provincial hospitals in Central China
Authors: Zhang Bowen , Ma Liang , Ma Wenjie , Kang Dingding , Mao Yiqing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Objectives
This study had three aims: (a) to examine the incentive measures that effectively affect physicians’ willingness to participate in urban-rural medical consortia. (b) to analyze the differences in the level of incentives implemented by county and provincial hospitals. (c) to identify the differences in incentive effects on county-level and provincial-level physicians’ willingness to participate in projects.
Methods
An online survey in Henan Province, Central China, was conducted among 1,837 physicians, comprising 1,088 respondents from county hospitals and 749 respondents from provincial hospitals. Participants reported their demographic characteristics, altruism, collaborative projects, incentive levels and willingness to participate. Chi-square and cumulative logistic regressions were used to determine the incentive factors of participants’ willingness.
Results
(a) For all participants, the level of economic returns and rewards were positively associated with willingness to participate in urban-rural medical consortia, while the level of professional title and status promotion were negatively associated with physicians’ willingness to participate. (b) County-level hospitals had lower level of various incentives for urban-rural medical consortium projects than provincial hospitals. (c) County-level physicians who had a high level of position promotion and professional skills improvement and provincial physicians who had a high level of economic returns and rewards had a high level of willingness to participate in urban-rural medical consortia.
Conclusion
This result reveals the effectiveness of the financial incentive mechanism and the issue of inadequate implementation of non-financial incentive measures. Comprehensive incentive mechanisms should be established to increase county-level doctors’ perceptions of the benefits of incentives. The rules of financial incentives should be dominated by value-based incentives rather than volume, and non-financial incentives should be standardized implemented for provincial hospitals.
Interactive effects of natural and anthropogenic factors on heterogenetic accumulations of heavy metals in surface drinking water sources in the upper Huaihe River Basin in China
Authors: Liu Tong , Wang Mingya , Zhang Chunhui , Yang Shili , Zhang Fan , Jia Luhao , Ma Wanqi , Sui Shaob o , Liu Qingwei , Wang Mingshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The water quality of drinking water sources within the Huaihe River Basin directly affects the life and health of 1/6 of China's population. Identifying and quantifying pollution sources and risks is crucial for water resources management. This study combines Monte-Carlo and Geodetector to analyze the water quality and eutrophication status, the study of heavy metals source and health risk assessment for adults and children. The results showed that the eutrophication degree was serious, with 67.8% of water sources evaluated as mesotrophic and 32.2% as eutrophic. The water quality and eutrophication were better in the southern mountains than in the densely populated areas of the northern region. Adults had a higher carcinogenic risk than children, while children had a higher non-carcinogenic risk than adults. Cr had the highest carcinogenic risk, with more than 99.8% of both adults and children exposed to a higher carcinogenic risk than 1×10− 6, but not exceed 1×10− 4. The non-carcinogenic risk of the metals didn’t exceed 1, except for Pb. As was mainly influenced by agricultural activities and transportation, while Cd, Cr, and Pb were mainly influenced by industrial production, especially by local textile industries, such as knitting and clothing factories. The influence of anthropogenic factors has been significantly increased after interacting with natural factors. This finding indicated that Geodetector can be a helpful method for us to understand the factors affecting the distribution patterns of heavy metals in water, and help provide a universal result for the pollution sources of drinking water sources worldwide.
Multifactorial Memetic Algorithm with Adaptive Auxiliary Tasks for Service Migration Optimization in Mobile Edge Computing
Authors: Li Guo , Liu Zhaobo , Liu Ling , Zhu Zexuan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In high-speed mobile networks, mobile edge computing is tasked with service migration optimization, i.e., assigning mobile users to the right servers to minimize the response time. Service migration optimization is a complex problem posing significant challenges to conventional optimization methods. To tackle this problem , we develop a multifactorial memetic algorithm with adaptive auxiliary tasks or MFMA-AAT for short. MFMA-AAT solves the target service migration optimization problem and an adaptively selected auxiliary task simultaneously, where the auxiliary task is a simplified version of the target problem to guide the search towards promising regions faster via knowledge transfer. Multiple auxiliary tasks are pre-constructed based on the distribution of the mobile users and the one with best improvement at each generation is selected for knowledge transfer. A community detection based memetic operator is also introduced to accelerate the local convergence of the proposed algorithm. Experimental results on test problems demonstrate that MFMA-AAT is more efficient than traditional service migration approaches and other state-of-the-art multifactorial evolutionary algorithms.
Investigating additional malignancies rates and overall survival of multiple myeloma patients: a SEER database study
Authors: Dong Nanxi , Ye Baodong , Liu Shuyan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
The development of effective treatments for multiple myeloma (MM) has resulted in longer surviving of patients. However, these patients are at risk of developing additional malignancies. This study aimed to investigate rates of additional malignancies in MM patients and the median of latency. Findings from this study are expected to improve patient outcomes.
Methods
Data of MM patients with additional malignancies between 1992 and 2020 was extracted from SEER. The developed of different additional systems and malignancies were analyzed, including solid tumors and hematology. A standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for second primary malignancies (SPMs) was calculated to determine the MM risk. Cox regressions were performed to predict the risk factors associated with MM in patients with additional malignancies. Two nomograms were developed to determine the patient's probability prognosis.
Results
Regarding different additional malignancies, the most common types of solid tumors of prior malignancies (PMs) and SPMs are prostate cancer. Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) as an additional malignancy of MM is the most frequent types of hematology. To construct the diagnostic nomogram, 3676 MM patients with SPMs were included. The nomogram, consisting of six independent risk factors, demonstrated high accuracy with a 3-year survival area under the curve (AUC) of 0.94400 and a 5-year survival AUC of 0.94377. Moreover, 1663 MM patients with PMs were analyzed. The diagnostic nomogram, comprising four independent risk factors, showed moderate accuracy (P < 0.05) with a 3-year survival AUC of 0.62200 and a 5-year survival AUC of 0.61743.
Conclusion
The present analysis and nomograms are expected to help clinicians in assessing individual survival outcomes of additional malignancies and implementing personalized clinical decisions. Several factors can decrease the survival rate of MM patients with SPMs including bones and joints in solid tumors, hematopoietic system disorders, occurrence of third or subsequent primary malignancies, and advanced age. During the assessment of MM patients with PMs, various parameters should be considered such as advanced age, presence of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and development of third or subsequent primary malignancies.
The Impact of Pesticides on Parkinson's Disease; A Case-Control Study
Authors: Samareh Ali , pourghadamyari Hossein , Nemtollahi Mohammad Hadi , Ebrahimi Hossain-Ali , Norouzmahani Mohammad Erfan , Asadikaram Gholamreza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex disorder that arises from genetic and environmental factors. The current investigation endeavors to investigate the role of exposure to organochlorines (OCPs) and organophosphate pesticides (OPPs), recognized as the main environmental elements, in the genesis of PD.
Methods
In this case-control study, 29 PD patients and 51 healthy subjects (controls) were involved. Gas chromatography (GC) was performed to measure the serum levels of organochlorine chemicals (2,4-DDT, 4,4-DDT, 2,4-DDE, 4,4-DDE, α-HCH, β-HCH, and γ-HCH). Furthermore, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, arylesterase activity of paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), and several oxidative stress (OS) markers were assessed.
Results
The levels of OCPs in the PD patients were significantly higher than in the control subjects. In addition, AChE activity, arylesterase activity of PON-1, catalase (CAT) activity, and superoxide dismutase 3 (SOD3) activity in PD patients were significantly less than controls. Although the levels of carbonyl protein (CP), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) in PD patients were higher than the controls.
Conclusion
The findings of this investigation have indicated that OCPs and OPPs exposure could contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease. This potential linkage could either be established through the direct impact of these pesticides on the nervous system, leading to neurotoxicity, or via an indirect route through the triggering of OS.
Electrically induced redox reaction driven magnon FET
Authors: Sarker Md Shamim , Yamahara Hiroyasu , Tang Siyi , Ramaraj Sankar Ganesh , Ahamed E M K Ikball , Yao Lihao , Seki Munetoshi , Tabata Hitoshi 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Spin waves (SW) stand out as one of the most promising candidates for post-complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) computing devices owing to their data transmission capability that is devoid of Joule heating and their inherent wave nature. However, realizing an electric-field-based, energy-efficient, and scalable control mechanism for both SW amplitude (corresponding to Gilbert damping) and frequency (corresponding to magnetization) remains an unaccomplished goal, which hinders their application as transistors. Through this study, we present an innovative approach centered around an electric-field-controlled dynamic redox reaction, aiming to manipulate SW amplitude and resonance frequency in a ferrimagnetic yttrium iron garnet (Y3Fe5O12, YIG) within an Au/poly(3,4 ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)/Pt/YIG heterostructure. In this proposed model, the applied electric field facilitates oxidation and reduction processes within PEDOT:PSS, triggering an inversion and depletion of charge carriers within the Pt layer. This cascading effect subsequently modifies the spin-orbit interaction of Pt by displacing d-orbital energies both upward and downward. This phenomenon is proposed to affect spin pumping and spin relaxation from YIG to Pt under ferromagnetic resonance conditions, resulting in Gilbert damping and manipulation of magnetization within the YIG layer.
Identification of subtle features of communication radiation sources based on point density "painting"
Authors: Sun Yujie , Li Jingchao , Zhang Bin 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
In the face of the increasingly complex wireless communication environment, the traditional communication radiation source individual subtle feature recognition algorithm has the defects of poor real-time performance and low accuracy when dealing with the radiation source signal of small samples. Aiming at this problem, a subtle feature recognition method for communication radiation sources based on point density "painting" is proposed. Firstly, a signal feature extraction algorithm based on improved heat map is proposed to improve the accuracy and real-time performance of the traditional algorithm in extracting features when dealing with small sample signals. Second, based on the I/Q scatterplot, a fusion feature extraction algorithm based on the signal heatmap and scatterplot is proposed, which combines the region division strategy and the clustering fusion algorithm to extract the fusion features of the signal in an early fusion manner. Again, to address the problem of low recognition rate of fusion features, we introduce the concept of user portrait in the marketing field, and innovatively propose an algorithm for recognizing individual subtle features of communication radiation sources based on point density "portrait". Finally, a convolutional neural network (CNN) model is constructed to train the extracted point density image data of different classes of complex baseband signals, and the measured WIFI data collected in the darkroom environment of the laboratory is used to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm. The simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the accuracy by 1–4%, with a recognition rate of 100%, and exhibits good stability compared to the feature extraction algorithm based on the fusion feature map of signal heat map, I/Q scatter plot and signal heatmap .This provides an effective and reliable solution for the accurate identification of individual subtle features of communication radiation sources with small samples in complex environments.
Intra-rectal Injections of Botulinum Toxin Can Be a Long-term Treatment of Fecal Urge Incontinence
Authors: Philippe ONANA NDONG , Karine BAUMSTARCK , Véronique VITTON 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background and aims:
Unsuccessful first-line conservative treatments for managing fecal incontinence (FI) lead to considering predominantly invasive options, posing challenges in terms of cost and patient acceptance of benefit/risk ratio. Recent data from a prospective randomized study have highlighted intrarectal botulinum toxin (BoNT/A) injection as a promising minimally invasive alternative for urge FI, demonstrating efficacy at 3 months but lacking long-term evidence. This study aimed to evaluate the sustained efficacy and injection frequency of rectal BoNT/A injection in the treatment of urge FI.
Methods:
This retrospective monocentric study enrolled all patients who underwent rectal BoNT/A injection for urge FI after failed conservative therapy or sacral nerve stimulation (SNS). Injections were administered during sigmoidoscopy, delivering 200 U of BoNT/A at 10 circumferentially distributed sites. Treatment effectiveness was assessed using the Wexner score and a visual analog scale (VAS) for symptom severity, with reinjection performed upon symptom recurrence.
Results:
41 patients (34 females) were included, with a median follow-up of 2 years. Eleven patients had previously failed sacral nerve stimulation. Significant reductions were observed in Wexner scores (median 11 vs 7, p=0.001) and VAS symptoms (median 4 [0-5] vs median 2 [0-5], p=0.001). The median interval between rectal BoNT/A injections was 9.8 months [5.3-47.9 ].
Conclusion:
This study provides the first evidence of the sustained efficacy of rectal BoNT/A injection for urge FI. Further investigations are warranted to refine patient selection and reinjection criteria, evaluate socioeconomic impacts, and compare rectal BoNT/A injection with other therapeutic modalities.