bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Large-Scale Analysis Reveals Racial Disparities in the Prevalence of ADHD and Conduct Disorders
Authors: Shalaby Noha , Sengupta Sourav , Williams Jamal B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The primary purpose of this study is to highlight trends in the prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorders (ADHD) and Conduct Disorders (CD) between non-Hispanic White and non-Hispanic Black populations and identify potential diagnostic disparities between these groups. De-identified electronic health record data on the TriNetX platform of patients diagnosed with ADHD, CD, or both between January 2013 and May 2023 from 50 healthcare organizations in the US were used to investigate racial and sex disparities in the prevalence of ADHD and CD diagnoses. With a cohort of 849,281 ADHD patients and 157,597 CD patients, non-Hispanic Whites were ~26% more likely to receive ADHD diagnosis and ~61% less likely to be diagnosed with CD than non-Hispanic Blacks. The mean age of diagnosis of ADHD was over 8 years higher for White patients than for Black patients, with a disproportionately higher number of White patients diagnosed in adulthood, compared to a comparatively negligible number of Blacks diagnosed with ADHD in the same age group. Additionally, Black females were the cohort least likely to be diagnosed with ADHD, while White females were the cohort least likely to be diagnosed with CD. Race disparities exist between Black and White populations, and sex disparities exist within each population. More information is needed to determine contributors to these differences, although implicit biases and systemic racism may be key contributing factors. Presenting evidence and increasing awareness of culturally relevant diagnoses can reduce unconscious bias and move toward more informed and objective psychiatric evaluations.
Pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity moderates the association between prenatal maternal depression and infant cord blood omega-3 levels
Authors: Costello Lauren A. , Ziegler Katherine , McCormack Lacey , Akbaryan Anahid , Vargas Julianna Collazo , Harris William S. , Jackson Kristina H. , Barber Maria , Morales Santiago , Elliott Amy J. , Hockett Christine , Shuffrey Lauren C. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Empirical evidence has demonstrated associations between pre-pregnancy obesity and perinatal maternal depressive symptoms. Omega-3 is an essential fatty acid derived from dietary sources that is critical for fetal brain development. Pre-pregnancy obesity is associated with higher omega-3 intake, but a weaker association between dietary intake and respective maternal and cord blood omega-3 levels. Further, lower intake of omega-3 during pregnancy has been linked to higher depressive symptoms. Yet, prior studies have not examined the interactive effects of pre-pregnancy overweight or obesity (OWOB) and prenatal maternal depression on infant cord blood omega-3 levels.
Methods
Participants included 394 maternal-infant dyads from the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) - Safe Passage Study in South Dakota. A pre-pregnancy body mass index > 25 was used to dichotomize participants as OWOB (54%) vs. non-OWOB (46%). Prenatal maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and prenatal maternal anxiety symptoms were measured using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). We implemented linear regression models to examine the interaction term between pre-pregnancy OWOB and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms on cord blood omega-3 levels controlling for preterm birth. Secondary analyses were stratified by pre-pregnancy OWOB status.
Results
We observed a significant interaction between pre-pregnancy OWOB and prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with cord blood omega-3 (F (4,379) = 6.21, p < .0001, adj. R2 = 0.05). Stratified models revealed that only among individuals with pre-pregnancy OWOB, there was an association between prenatal maternal depressive symptoms with lower cord blood omega-3 levels (β = -0.06, 95% CI = -0.11, -0.02; F (2,208) = 4.00, p < .05, adj R2 = 0.03). No associations were observed among non-OWOB participants.
Conclusions
Findings suggest maternal-placental transfer of omega-3 may represent one pathway by which maternal metabolic and mental health impacts infant development.
Occurrence and Determinants of Anemia among School-Going Adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Mugasha Edgar , Napyo Agnes , Okia David , Okello Francis , Matovu Joseph KB , Alunyo Jimmy Patrick , Wanume Benon , Mukunya David , Olupot-Olupot Peter , Lubaale Yovani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Globally impacting around 2 billion people, anemia poses challenges to cognitive and physical development, academic performance, and work productivity in adolescents. In this study, we explored anemia prevalence and associated factors among school-going adolescents in Mbale City, Eastern Uganda, and we utilized primary community-based data.
Methodology:
A quantitative cross-sectional design was employed using a questionnaire administered face to face to collect data on hemocue. The study population was secondary level school-going adolescents residing in Mbale City aged 15–19 years. Stratified sampling was used to select respondents in each of the three divisions of Mbale City. The study considered adolescents with hemoglobin (HB) levels below 12.0g/dL for females and below 13.0g/dL for males as anemic. Prior to enrolling participants in the study, consent and assent were obtained.
Results
More than half (57%, n = 270/422) of the respondents were anemic of whom 57.8% were female while 42.2% were male. The results revealed that being female (OR = 3.81, p < 0.001), having a deceased mother (OR = 5.87, p = 0.008), parents of the adolescent being divorced/ separated (OR = 4.08, p < 0.001), currently taking medication (OR = 3.38, p = 0.001), and drinking un-boiled water (OR = 2.22, p = 0.015) were significantly associated with anemia. In contrast, being Muslim (OR = 0.44, p = 0.046) and belonging to the Adventist denomination (OR = 0.25, p = 0.037) were protective factors against anemia.
Conclusion and Recommendations:
The study revealed a high prevalence of anemia, particularly affecting females, among school-going adolescents. Location was identified as a significant factor, emphasizing the necessity of targeted interventions in areas with high anemia rates. These findings hold critical implications for anemia prevention and management in low- and middle-income countries like Uganda, including considerations for school feeding programs.
Rainfall–runoff modeling using an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System considering soil moisture for the Damanganga basin
Authors: Kantharia Vrushti , Mehta Darshan , Kumar Vijendra , Shaikh Mohamedmaroof P. , Jha Shivendra 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Rainfall is the major component of the hydrologic cycle and it is the primary source of runoff. The main purpose of this study was to estimate daily discharge by employing an Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) model using rainfall and soil moisture data at three different depths (5 cm, 100 cm and bedrock) for the Damanganga basin. The length of the data for the study period 1983–2022 is 39 years. The model employed nine membership functions for each variable of soil moisture, rainfall, discharge and 30 rules were optimized. The results were compared considering a range of model performance indicators as correlation coefficient (R2) and Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficient. The model application results shows that soil moisture at bedrock gives more precise value of daily discharge with (R2) and NSE value as 0.9936 and 0.9981, respectively, as compared to the soil moisture at depths of 5 and 100 cm. The better results obtained for the measurement of soil moisture in the deeper soil layer are consistent with the hydrological behavior anticipated for the analyzed catchment, where the root-zone soil layer is the driver of the runoff response rather than the surface observations. This study can be helpful to hydrologists in selecting appropriate rainfall–runoff models.
The Recent Advances in the Function and Mechanism of Caveolin-1 in
Retinal Neovascularization
Authors: Zhang Rui , Dang Yalong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract:
Retinal neovascularization diseases have relatively high rates of evitable blindness. Abnormal
retinal neovascularization is their main hallmark, which can damage the structure and function
of the eye and lead to impaired vision. Caveolin-1 is a membrane protein that is expressed in
many types of retinal cells and is involved in retinal neovascularization. This review presents a
comprehensive analysis of global research on specific functions of caveolin-1 in retinal neovascularization.
We believe that the mechanism of action of caveolin-1 might be related to the regulation
of relevant signal pathways and looked ahead the application prospects of modulating caveolin-
1 in retinal neovascularization diseases.
Therapeutic Effects of Cortex Phellodendri, Epimedium brevicornu, and Earthworm on Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome Mice
Authors: Naveed Muhammad , Cui Xingxing , Bibi Jannat , Akhtar Muhammad Furqan , Ahmad Muhammad Zia , Ayuba Abdullahi , Khan Muhammad Mohsin , Madni Asadullah , Xiaohui Zhou 
Published: April 2024

Background:
The use of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of chronic
prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) is widespread. The purpose of this study is to
investigate the preliminary mechanism of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim., Cortex Phellodendri
Chinesis (CPC), and Earthworm in the CP/CPPS model.

Methods:
Fifty C57BL/6 male mice were randomized into five groups: control, model, Epimedium
brevicornu Maxim, Earthworm, and Cortex Phellodendri chinensis (CPC). To induce experimental
autoimmune prostatitis (EAP), T2 peptide immune emulsion was subcutaneously injected into all
groups except the control group on days 0 and 14 to induce experimental autoimmune prostatitis.
Except for the control and model groups, all other groups were treated with Epimedium brevicornu
Maxim., CPC, and earthworm after the successful induction of EAP.

Results:
On days 1, 28, and 56, the micturition habits and pain sensitivity of rodents in each group
were evaluated. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to examine prostate inflammation,
whereas enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the serum level of tumor
necrosis factor-α (TNF). The Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. group significantly reduced the
number of urine spots and frequency of pain response compared to the model group. Epimedium
brevicornu Maxim. group and CPC group significantly reduced inflammatory cell infiltration and
inflammatory lesions more than Earthworm groups. The serum levels of TNF-α were substantially
reduced in the Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. and CPC groups compared to the model group.

Conclusion:
Our findings showed that Epimedium brevicornu Maxim outperformed CPC and
Earthworm for EAP treatment, which relieves urinary tract symptoms, enhances pain threshold, and
lowers inflammation.
Protective Effect of Salvia cadmica on Fibroblast Cells from
t-bhp-induced Oxidative Damage
Authors: Hepokur Ceylan , Misir Sema , Cicek Mehmet , Habtemariam Solomon , Sharifi-Rad Javad 
Published: April 2024

Background::
Salvia species known as "Sage" are among the important aromatic
plants used in the world. This study, it was investigated the antioxidant capacity of Salvia
cadmica and to investigate its protective effect on oxidative damage in t-BHP-induced fibroblast
cells.

Methods::
Antioxidant activity and phenolic characterization of the extract were evaluated using
DPPH, TPC, TFC, FRAP, and HPLC, respectively.TAS, TOS, MDA and 8-oxo-guanine,
CAT, SOD, and GPx values were examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
The antiproliferative and apoptosis effects of Salvia cadmica ethanolic extract were determined
using XTT assay and fluorescent probes in fibroblast cells.

Results::
As a result of GC-MS analysis of Salvia cadmica ethanolic extract, carvacrol content
was found to be high. The IC50 value of the DPPH antioxidant assay of the Salvia cadmica ethanolic
extract was 80 ± 0.51 μg/mL. TPC, TFC, and FRAP values were found to be 18.25 ±
0.64 (mg gallic acid/g powder), 1.691±0.314 (mg quercetin /g powder), 31.5 ± 0.10 (mg
Trolox/g powder), respectively. Total antioxidant and TOS values were found to be
0.383±0.033 (mmol Trolox Equ L-1), 16.31±0.71 (μmol H2O2 L-1) for 0.25 mg/mL, and
0.725±0.05 (mmol Trolox Equ L-1), 12.02 ±0.56 (μmol H2O2 L-1) for 0.5 mg/mL. In addition,
while CAT and GPx significantly decreased enzyme activities, no significant change was observed
in SOD enzyme activity. Ethanolic Salvia cadmica extract exhibited apoptotic features
compared to only the t-BHP group.

Conclusion::
These results suggest that Salvica cadmica extract works through a free radical
mechanism.
Uma abordagem MCDA para identificar lacunas e perspectivas sobre o tratamento de asma no Brasil
Authors: Silva Valentim Sallum Frederico , Oliveira Wender Aparecido , Ferreira Penha Márcio , Gatti de Menezes Fabiana 
Published: April 2024

Introdução: A asma é uma doença respiratória crônica que tem chamado a atenção pelo número de casos no Brasil e no mundo. Diferentes tecnologias para asma têm sido submetidos a Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias (Conitec) para incorporação no Sistema Único de Saúde do Brasil. Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os relatórios de recomendação sobre tecnologias para tratamento deasma disponibilizados pela Conitec no período de fevereiro de 2012 a maio de 2021 para classificar os principais critérios de análise como ponto forte ou fraco para cada tecnologia. Métodos: Uma busca por relatórios de recomendação sobre tecnologias para tratamento de asma submetidos para incorporação no período descrito acima foi performada na base de dados da Conitec. A partir disso, uma estrutura de análise de decisão multicritério (MCDA) foi estabelecida para classificar cada critérios como ponto forte ou fraco. Resultados: Foram encontrados nove relatórios de recomendação sobre asma representando a submissão de dez tecnologias, formando um conjunto de alternativas: omalizumabe (três submissões: 2013; 2016; 2019), fluticasona (duas submissões: 2013; 2015); budesonida+formoterol (duas submissões: 2015; 2021), tiotrópio, ben-ralizumabe, mepolizumabe (2021). Além disso, o seguinte conjunto de critérios foi estabelecido: eficácia; segurança; avaliação econômica; e impacto orçamentário. Tiotrópio e benralizumabe obtiveram todos os critérios classificados como ponto forte. Fluticasona (2013) obteve todos os critérios classificados como ponto fraco. Conclusão: Foi possívelclassificar os quatro critérios como ponto forte ou fraco para cada tecnologia submetida à Conitec. A análise proposta pode ser facilmente aprimorada para apoiar o processo de tomada de decisão a partir de diferentes características.
Avaliação do Impacto Farmacoeconômico do Reaproveitamento de Overfill de Medicamentos Prescritos com Dose Fechada
Authors: Moreno Araujo Lorenna , Roldão da Silva Edvan , De Souza Alves Felipe , Francozo de Melo Adriana , Soares dos Santos Fred 
Published: April 2024

Objetivos: Avaliar o impacto farmacoeconômico do reaproveitamento de sobras de frascos de medicamentos prescritos com dose fechada em um ambulatório de oncologia do Distrito Federal. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, retrospectivo, referente ao período de junho de 2020 a junho de 2023, no qual foi mensurada a quantidade de overfill médio por frasco dos medicamentos pembrolizumabe, pertuzumabe, atezolizumabe e daratu-mumabe SC prescritos em dose fechada e a redução do desperdício com uso destes, utilizando dispositivo de sistema fechado. As manipulações foram realizadas em condições de temperatura controlada, ambiente de área limpa e com a validação realizada por 3 farmacêuticos. Resultados: Foram economizados 121 frascos de pembrolizumabe (R$ 2.207.675,25) em 4.656 utilizados, 20 frascos de pertuzumabe (R$ 267.084,80) em 564 utilizados, 7 frascos de atezolizumabe 1200 mg (R$ 150.172,26) em 452 utilizados, 25 frascos de atezolizumabe 840 mg (R$ 766.184,75) em 139 frascos utilizados, 12 frascos de daratumumabe SC (R$ 328.514,28) em 292 utilizados, totalizando R$ 3.719.631,34 de redução de custo nesse período, utilizando como referencial o Preço Fábrica da Brasíndice e dispositivos de segurança de sistema fechado. Conclusão: O uso do dispositivo de sistema fechado, combinado com validação da área limpa, técnicas farmacêuticas de assepsia e boas práticas de manipulação, permitem o uso de medicamentos com dose fechada em até 7 dias. Considerando o volume de manipulações, mostra-se possível otimizar recursos e gerar economias no acumulado de períodos. O conhecimento técnico do farmacêutico aliado a conceitos de gestão financeira contribui significativamente na sustentabilidade das instituições.
Concordância entre bases de dados sobre interações medicamentosas entre varfarina e antimicrobianos: uma análise descritiva.
Authors: Meregalli Rosana Thalia , Da Silva Dal-Pizzol Tatiane , Mello de Oliveira Luciana 
Published: April 2024

Interações medicamentosas (IM) são eventos adversos que podem comprometer a efetividade terapêutica e a segurança do paciente. A varfarina está associada à IM relevantes com diversos medicamentos, incluindo antimicrobianos (AM). Objetivo: analisar concordância entre informações sobre mecanismo provável, classificação de gravidade e ma-nejo sugerido de IM potenciais entre varfarina e AM presentes na Relação Municipal de Medicamentos de Porto Alegre (REMUME/POA), nas bases de dados eletrônicas (BDE) UpToDate®, Drugs.com®, Medscape® e Micromedex®. Metodologia: análise descritiva de acordo com os Guidelines for Reporting Reliability and Agreement Studies. Resultados:Dos 15 AM, 13 apresentaram IM com varfarina em ao menos 01 das 04 BDE. Para a classificação da IM, a taxa de concordância total obtida nas 04 BDE consultadas foi de 33%; a concordância parcial entre 02 BDE foi de 33% e entre 03, também de 33%, e as BDE mais concordantes entre si foram UpToDate® e Drugs.com® (87%). Quanto ao mecanismo provável da IM, não houve concordância total entre as 04 BDE; a parcial entre 02 BDE foi de 38% e entre 03, de 23%, e as BDE mais concordantes entre si foram UpToDate® e Medscape® (38%). Para a sugestão de manejo clínico, a concordância total foi de 23%; a parcial entre 02 BDE foi de 38%, e entre 03, também de 38%. As BDE mais concordantes entre si foram UpToDate® e Drugs.com® (85%). Conclusão: As taxas de concordância total entre as BDE são relativamente baixas, mas a parcial é maior.
Bezpečnost civilního letectví pohledem regulace 1. poloviny 20. století
Authors: Benda Matěj 
Published: April 2024

The author discusses the international agreements of the first half of the 20th century, which regulate the issue of international air transport and partially also its safety and security. The first such treaty was the Paris Convention, which was replaced by the Chicago Convention after World War II. This agreement became a universal international treaty, and some of its provisions were also adopted as international custom until ratified by all contracting states. The provision of operational safety and the protection of civil aviation against illegal acts were opened precisely in the Chicago Convention, which became the basis for other international agreements in the second half of the 20th century. The reader will thus become familiar with the legal basis of the regulation of international air transport and get a glimpse behind the scenes of its very creation.
Nový stavební zákon v kontextu základních zásad činnosti správních orgánů
Authors: Kočí Roman 
Published: April 2024

This paper deals with the issue of the new Construction Act in the context of the basic principles of the activity of administrative authorities. It is a very topical issue, as the new Construction Act has the ambition to change the bad situation in the field of building permits. Building permitting in the Czech Republic is very slow, inefficient, non-transparent and of low quality. The problem has been discussed for two decades without any meaningful solution, and the situation in public building law is getting worse and worse. The ambition of the new Construction Act is to improve the poor situation significantly. In my opinion, the new Construction Act will succeed in doing this if its text reflects the basic principles of the work of administrative authorities. These are defined in the Administrative Code and are universally applicable to all administrative bodies, including building authorities. The basic principles for the activities of administrative authorities should be one of the means of improving the quality, efficiency and speed of a specific legal area. In this paper, I conclude that the content of the new Construction Act is in line with many of the basic principles of administrative authorities. There is a strong presumption that the new Construction Act will fulfil its objectives and that the processes in public construction law will be significantly accelerated and improved. The threat is the forthcoming substantive amendment to the new Construction Act, which will in effect preserve the status quo, i.e. leave the existing system of construction and affected authorities unchanged. This is a major risk and the construction administration will not function properly in this way, as we have seen repeatedly over the last 20 years. It is not just the digitisation of processes that is the salvation. We cannot do without a truly comprehensive reform in public law.
Solvent retention capacity as a useful tool for quality evaluation of flours produced from Slovak bred wheat varieties
Authors: Holkovičová Tatiana , Kohajdová Zlatica , Lauková Michaela , Minarovičová Lucia , Babulicová Mária 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Wheat varieties (IS Danubius and MS Luneta) bred in Slovakia were assessed for their bakery potential. It was found that flour produced from IS Danubius was characterised by significantly higher level of wet and dry gluten content (30.91 and 20.53 %, respectively) and exhibited higher gluten swelling capacity (29.3 %) in comparison to commercial wheat flour that is usually available in Slovak markets. Solvent retention capacity (solvation in specific solvents) of the tested flours was also determined. The measurements showed that these parameters significantly differ from those determined for commercially available flour, whereas the flour produced from IS Danubius wheat variety had the highest lactic acid retention capacity (124.15 %). Correlation analysis indicated strong positive correlations between solvent retention capacity values and gluten characteristics. Furthermore, it was found that baked rolls prepared from IS Danubius flour showed significantly higher loaf volume compared to commercial wheat flour. This study proves lactic acid retention capacity and sucrose retention capacity as parameters enabling the prediction of gluten network quality in dough and of qualitative parameters of baked goods. From the sensory evaluation resulted that the highest score for overall acceptance was observed in IS Danubius baked rolls, which significantly differs from both MS Luneta and commercial wheat flour.