bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Image Calculator: 10x Faster Image-AI Inference by Replacing JPEG with Self-designing Storage Format
Authors: Sirin Utku , Idreos Stratos 
Published: March 2024

Numerous applications today rely on artificial intelligence over images. Image AI is, however, extremely expensive. In particular, the inference cost of image AI dominates the end-to-end cost. We observe that the image storage format lies at the root of the problem. Images today are predominantly stored in JPEG format. JPEG is a storage format designed for the human eye; it maximally compresses images without distorting the components of an image that are visible to the human eye. However, our observation is that during image AI, images are "seen'' by algorithms, not humans. In addition, every AI application is different regarding which data components of the images are the most relevant.We present the Image Calculator, a self-designing image storage format that adapts to the given AI task, i.e., the specific neural network, the dataset, and the applications' specific accuracy, inference time, and storage requirements. Contrary to the state-of-the-art, the Image Calculator does not use a fixed storage format like JPEG. Instead, it designs and constructs a new storage format tailored to the context. It does so by constructing a massive design space of candidate storage formats from first principles, within which it searches efficiently using composite performance models (inference time, accuracy, storage). This way, it leverages the given AI task's unique characteristics to compress the data maximally. We evaluate the Image Calculator across a diverse set of data, image analysis tasks, AI models, and hardware. We show that the Image Calculator can generate image storage formats that reduce inference time by up to 14.2x and storage by up to 8.2x with a minimal loss in accuracy or gain, compared to JPEG and its state-of-the-art variants.
Mitigating the Impact of Inaccurate Feedback in Dynamic Learning-to-Rank: A Study of Overlooked Interesting Items
Authors: Zhang Chenhao , Chen Weitong , Zhang Wei , Xu Miao 
Published: March 2024

Dynamic Learning-to-Rank (DLTR) is a method of updating a ranking policy in real time based on user feedback, which may not always be accurate. Although previous DLTR work has achieved fair and unbiased DLTR under inaccurate feedback, they face the tradeoff between fairness and user utility and also have limitations in the setting of feeding items. Existing DLTR works improve ranking utility by eliminating bias from inaccurate feedback on observed items, but the impact of another pervasive form of inaccurate feedback, overlooked or ignored interesting items, remains unclear. For example, users may browse the rankings too quickly to catch interesting items or miss interesting items because the snippets are not optimized enough. This phenomenon raises two questions: (i)
Will overlooked interesting items affect the ranking results?
and (ii)
Is it possible to improve utility without sacrificing fairness if these effects are eliminated?
These questions are particularly relevant for small and medium-sized retailers who are just starting out and may have limited data, leading to the use of inaccurate feedback to update their models. In this article, we find that inaccurate feedback in the form of overlooked interesting items has a negative impact on DLTR performance in terms of utility. To address this, we treat the overlooked interesting items as noise and propose a novel DLTR method, the Co-teaching Rank (CoTeR), that has good utility and fairness performance when inaccurate feedback is present in the form of overlooked interesting items. Our solution incorporates a co-teaching-based component with a customized loss function and data sampling strategy, as well as a mean pooling strategy to further accommodate newly added products without historical data. Through experiments, we demonstrate that CoTeR not only enhances utilities but also preserves ranking fairness and can smoothly handle newly introduced items.
The Book Review Column
Authors: Tran Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

I am a fan of Sheldon Ross' textbooks on probability; they are concise and full of interesting exercises. He and Erol Pek¨oz have just released a second edition of A Second Course in Probability (Cambridge University Press, 2023), which promises a rigorous but accessible and modern introduction to a selection of advanced topics in the field.
Javier Esparza's work includes using automata to study model checking, program analysis and verification. His book (coauthored with Michael Blondin) Automata Theory: An Algorithmic Approach (The MIT Press, 2023) emphasizes efficient constructions of (ω-)automata and other algorithmic concerns.
Filterworld: How Algorithms Flattened Culture by New Yorker staff writer Kyle Chayka (Doubleday, 2024) investigates the pervasive impact of algorithms on consumption and distribution of culture and explores ways to reclaim our freedom from the digital overlord.
Stay on Track: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial on the Feasibility of a Diet and Exercise Intervention in Patients with Breast Cancer Receiving Radiotherapy
Authors: SenthilKumar Gopika , Schottstaedt Aronne M. , Peterson Lindsay L. , Pedersen Lauren N. , Chitambar Christopher R. , Vistocky Alexis , Banerjee Anjishnu , Longo John M. , Kelly Tracy , Currey Adam , Stolley Melinda R. , Bergom Carmen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose:
Among patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy, posttreatment cardiovascular disease and worsened quality of life (QoL) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality. To overcome these negative radiotherapy effects, this prospective, randomized clinical trial pilots a 12-week Stay on Track exercise and diet intervention for overweight patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer undergoing whole-breast radiotherapy.

Experimental Design:
The intervention group (n = 22) participated in three personal exercise and dietary counseling sessions, and received three text reminders/week to adhere to recommendations. The control group (n = 22) was administered a diet/exercise information binder. All patients received a Fitbit, and at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months, measurements of biomarkers, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans, QoL and physical activity surveys, and food frequency questionnaires were obtained. A satisfaction survey was administered at 3 months.

Results:
Stay on Track was well received, with high rates of adherence and satisfaction. The intervention group showed an increase in self-reported physical activity and preserved QoL, a decrease in body mass index and visceral fat, and higher American Cancer Society/American Institute of Cancer Research dietary adherence. The control participants had reduced QoL, anti-inflammatory markers, and increased metabolic syndrome markers. Both groups had decreased overall body mass. These changes were within group effects. When comparing the intervention and control groups over time, there were notable improvements in dietary adherence in the intervention group.

Conclusions:
Targeted lifestyle interventions during radiotherapy are feasible and could decrease cardiovascular comorbidities in patients with breast cancer. Larger-scale implementation with longer follow-up can better determine interventions that influence cardiometabolic health and QoL.

Significance:
This pilot study examines cardiometabolic benefits of a combined diet and exercise intervention for patients with breast cancer undergoing radiotherapy. The intervention included an activity tracker (FitBit) and text message reminders to promote adherence to lifestyle interventions. Large-scale implementation of such programs may improve cardiometabolic outcomes and overall QoL among patients with breast cancer.
Tumor Microenvironment Landscapes Supporting EGFR-mutant NSCLC Are Modulated at the Single-cell Interaction Level by Unesbulin Treatment
Authors: Maroni Giorgia , Krishnan Indira , Alfieri Roberta , Maymi Valerie A. , Pandell Nicole , Csizmadia Eva , Zhang Junyan , Weetall Marla , Branstrom Art , Braccini Giulia , Cabrera San Millán Eva , Storti Barbara , Bizzarri Ranieri , Kocher Olivier , Daniela Sanchez Bassères Daniela S. , Welner Robert S. , Magli Maria Cristina , Merelli Ivan , Clohessy John G. , Ali Azhar , Tenen Daniel G. , Levantini Elena 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. Lethal pulmonary adenocarcinomas (ADC) present with frequent mutations in the EGFR. Genetically engineered murine models of lung cancer expedited comprehension of the molecular mechanisms driving tumorigenesis and drug response. Here, we systematically analyzed the evolution of tumor heterogeneity in the context of dynamic interactions occurring with the intermingled tumor microenvironment (TME) by high-resolution transcriptomics. Our effort identified vulnerable tumor-specific epithelial cells, as well as their cross-talk with niche components (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, and tumor-infiltrating immune cells), whose symbiotic interface shapes tumor aggressiveness and is almost completely abolished by treatment with Unesbulin, a tubulin binding agent that reduces B cell–specific Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site 1 (BMI-1) activity. Simultaneous magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis demonstrated decreased tumor growth, setting the stage for future investigations into the potential of novel therapeutic strategies for EGFR-mutant ADCs.

Significance:
Targeting the TME is an attractive strategy for treatment of solid tumors. Here we revealed how EGFR-mutant landscapes are affected at the single-cell resolution level during Unesbulin treatment. This novel drug, by targeting cancer cells and their interactions with crucial TME components, could be envisioned for future therapeutic advancements.
Prevalence and Outcomes of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke With Concomitant ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction (Results From National Inpatient Sample 2016–2019)
Authors: Mehta Shivani , Kakouros Nikolaos , Mir Tanveer , Loree Stacy , Qureshi Waqas 
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:
Acute myocardial infarction may concomitantly occur with acute ischemic stroke. The prevalence, complications, and outcomes of acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in patients hospitalized with acute ischemic stroke are not well studied.

METHODS:

We examined hospitalized patients with acute ischemic stroke who were included in the National Inpatient Sample from 2016 to 2019. Acute ischemic stroke and STEMI were defined by using the
International Classification of Diseases-Tenth Revision
diagnostic codes. Patients with Non–STEMI were excluded. The prevalence of complications and outcomes were expressed as percentages. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association of STEMI with a primary outcome of mortality and secondary outcomes. A subgroup analysis of patients with STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention was also performed.

RESULTS:

Of the total (n=2 080 795) patients with acute ischemic stroke, 0.3% (n=6275; mean age, 70.5 years, 50.1% females, 69.5% White) also had STEMI diagnosed during the hospitalization. Of these, 1775 (28.3%) died in the STEMI group and 76 435 (3.7%) died in the group without STEMI. The most frequent complications in the STEMI group were acute kidney injury, intracranial hemorrhage, and ventricular arrhythmias. All secondary outcomes were associated with the diagnosis of STEMI (odds ratio [OR], 3.19 [95% CI, 2.82–3.6];
P
≤0.001). STEMI was associated with mortality (OR, 8.37 [95% CI, 7.25–9.66];
P
≤0.001) and intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 2.23 [95% CI, 1.84–2.70];
P
≤0.001). Percutaneous coronary intervention was performed in 14.3% of STEMI subgroup patients. Percutaneous coronary intervention is not associated with mortality (OR, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.6–1.43];
P
=0.7), and intracranial hemorrhage (OR, 1.54 [95% CI, 0.0.93–2.56];
P
=0.1).

CONCLUSIONS:
Patients with acute ischemic stroke with STEMI have a higher percentage of mortality. Percutaneous coronary intervention in the subgroup of patients with acute ischemic stroke with concomitant STEMI was not associated with increased odds of mortality and intracranial hemorrhage.
Functional Outcomes and Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Endovascular Treatment in Acute Vertebrobasilar Artery Occlusions: External Validation of Prediction Models
Authors: Xu Yingjie , Hu Miaomiao , Zhang Pan , Xiao Lulu , Lu Yanan , Liu Dezhi , Li Yongkun , Alexandre Andrea M. , Pedicelli Alessandro , Broccolini Aldobrando , Scarcia Luca , Chen Hao , Sun Wen 
Published: March 2024

Background
Vertebrobasilar artery occlusion (VBAO) is a severe type of stroke. Multiple prediction models for outcome and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) of patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with endovascular treatment have been developed to improve patient management, but few are based on VBAO. This study aimed to provide an overview of published models to predict functional outcome and sICH as well as to validate their ability in patients with acute VBAO treated with endovascular treatment.

Methods
We performed a systematic search to identify models either developed or validated to predict functional outcomes or sICH after endovascular treatment. Models were externally validated in the Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke Registry (PERSIST) study (n = 2422). Outcome measures included the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at 90 days and sICH. Model performance was evaluated with discrimination (c‐statistic) and calibration (slope and intercept).

Results
A total of 65 models were included in overview. The most frequently used predictors were baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (n = 57), age (n = 45), and glucose (n = 32). In the external validation cohort, 777 of 2353 patients (33.0%) achieved mRS score 0–2 at 90 days, 1061 of 2353 patients (45.1%) patients achieved mRS score 0–3 at 90 days, and sICH occurred in 170 of 2422 patients (7.0%). Finally, 27 models were included in external validation. For functional outcome models focusing on mRS score 0–2/3–6, discrimination ranged from 0.63 to 0.66 and best calibrated model was SC (Stroke Checkerboard) (intercept, −0.13 [95% CI, −0.27 to 0.01]; slope, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.67–1.17]). For functional outcome models focusing on mRS score 0–3/4–6, discrimination ranged from 0.64 to 0.74 and best calibrated model was modified Houston Intra‐Arterial Therapy 2 (mHIAT2) (intercept, −0.12 [95% CI, −0.31 to 0.07]; slope, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.65–1.04]). For sICH models, discrimination ranged from 0.53 to 0.83 and best calibrated model was Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction score, Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score, and glucose (TAG) (intercept, 0.13 [95% CI, −0.25 to 0.51]; slope, 0.93 [95% CI, 0.63–1.23]).

Conclusions
The currently published models are inadequate for predicting functional outcomes and sICH in patients with acute VBAO undergoing endovascular treatment and, therefore, there is a need for more effective models specifically developed for VBAO conditions.
THE NEXUS BETWEEN MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS AND ELECTRIC CONSUMPTION EFFECT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN TURKEY
Authors: Telli Üçler Yasemin 
Published: March 2024

Currently, energy consumption is an important factor regarding its contribution to economic growth rather than the inputs used for its realization. It is known that economic decision units are linked to energy consumption. Innovation of technologies and the use of technology in production increases the energy demand. Energy is complementary to labor and capital in countries' economic and technological development.
The study aims to determine the impact of electricity consumption on economic growth by utilizing selected economic indicators for the period between 1996 and 2022 in Turkey. The study uses the ARDL bounds test approach to analyze the cointegration relationship using economic growth, electricity consumption, foreign direct investment, and general price level data. Short and long term effects have been revealed. It is observed that energy consumption and economic growth have a positive relationship with the same direction in the short and long term. Inflation has a negative impact on energy consumption in the short and long term. In addition, the increase in foreign direct investments in the short term leads to a significant increase in energy consumption in the relevant period in Turkey.
He’s No Spartacus: Jesus, Slavery, and the Utopian Imagination
Authors: Zeichmann Christopher B. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
James Crossley and Robert Myles’s Jesus: A Life in Class Conflict is a considerable accomplishment in its situation of Jesus as a figure inseparable from the material conditions of labor exploitation. The present review discusses two topics that the book touches upon only briefly, but linger under the surface of their analysis: Jesus’ treatment of enslaved laborers and utopian social experimentation. This article juxtaposes Jesus with the roughly contemporaneous figure of Spartacus to consider about the availability of social experimentation and the location of slaves within class-based analyses of Roman antiquity.
‘You Mean the Transition from bhai to akhi?’
Authors: Rajina Fatima 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this paper, the way religious identity is constructed via languages, with a particular focus on Arabic and Bengali terms originating from Persian, will be explored. It is vital to comprehend how Bengali Muslims create this constellation of languages, recognising that religion also has its linguistic demands, as language assists with making identities (Jaspal and Coyle 2010). The two languages will provide traces of how Muslimness is managed in the East End and consider how historically, the role of these languages have shifted. For example, the Persian-origin terms analysed are crucial in understanding Persian’s influence in constructing a particular South Asian Muslim/Islamic expression. I critically examine how Arabic and Bengali intermingle while asserting different socio-religio-positionings. The claims-making qua a religious identity is morphed through various political junctures, particularly while forging a religious identity with other Muslims and how Arabic has become the dominant language in Bengali Muslims’ lives.
Youthful Choices: A Secondary Analysis of the NFHS-5 Data to Examine Tobacco Use in Indian Adolescent Girls and Young Women
Authors: Jose Jobinse , Chaudhary Aditi , Ghosh Abhishek , Goel Sonu 
Published: March 2024

Background and aim: Tobacco use among adolescents and young women is a global health concern. This study investigates the prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among adolescents and young women in India. Methods: Based on data from the National Family Health Survey-5, this study explored tobacco use among 241,180 young women aged 15–24 in India. The research investigated determinants of current tobacco use, encompassing any tobacco use in any form, smoked and smokeless tobacco (SLT). Independent variables include demographics, religion, caste, region, education, occupation, body mass index, wealth index, alcohol consumption, and media exposure. We used multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: Findings revealed that 1.3% of the population are current tobacco users, with 1.2% using SLT and 0.14% smoking. Significant determinants included age, urban residence, religion, scheduled tribe status, wealth index, education, alcohol co-use, region, and pregnancy/lactation status. Young women (young women, 3.5% > adolescents, 1.5%; OR 1.78, 95%CI 1.65, 1.92), urban dwellers (OR 1.38, 95%CI 1.32, 1.43), and alcohol users (OR 5.6, 95%CI 4.88, 6.33) exhibited higher odds of tobacco use. In contrast, education (higher education OR 0.15, 95%CI 0.13, 0.18) and higher socioeconomic status (richest OR 0.3, 95%CI 0.22, 0.31) were protective factors. Conclusion: Our research offered valuable insights into tobacco use among young Indian women. To effectively curb tobacco use in this population, it is imperative to address the identified determinants and vulnerabilities through tailored public health strategies and policies.
Efficacy of laser obliteration with limited excision of pilonidal sinus
Authors: Gratiashvili Erekle , Akhmeteli Lali , Ivanishvili Teimuraz , Kobadze Salome , Giorgadze Nodar 
Published: March 2024

Objective This study was performed to compare the effectiveness of laser obliteration with limited excision (LOLE) versus wide excision (WE) of the pilonidal sinus. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional observational study of 152 patients with chronic pilonidal sinus disease was performed from September 2019 to September 2022. Of the 152 patients, 76 underwent LOLE and 76 underwent WE. The main evaluation criteria were complete wound healing, recurrence, and the complication rate. Results Complete healing was achieved in 74 (97.4%) patients in the LOLE group and 76 (100%) patients in the WE group. The duration of wound healing was significantly shorter in the LOLE group than in the WE group (6.5 ± 2.4 vs. 14.5 ± 2.6 weeks, respectively). Recurrence developed in six (7.9%) patients in the LOLE group and one (1.3%) patient in the WE group, with no significant difference. Conclusion According to our study and the data available in the literature, laser surgery should be included in the guidelines for the treatment and management of pilonidal disease.
Stories of building friendships during long-term recovery from problematic substance use
Authors: Vigdal Mariann Iren , Svendsen Thomas Solgaard , Moltu Christian , Bjornestad Jone , Selseng Lillian Bruland 
Published: March 2024

Background Building friendship is crucial for attaining and upholding recovery from problematic substance use. However, how people who have used substances problematically develop friendships needs to be investigated more from a first-person perspective. Aim To provide insight into how people in long-term recovery find meaning in their experience of building friendships. Method In semi-structured interviews, 17 people in recovery drew network maps and reflected on how friendships had developed during the long-term process. We analysed the narratives by way of a thematic narrative approach. Results Participants presented the friendship-formation process through four distinct storylines: (1) ‘I don’t make friends easily’; (2) overcoming barriers to building friendships; (3) ‘birds of a feather flock together’; and (4) ‘having “regular” friends makes me feel like an “average” person’. Conclusion People in long-term recovery from problematic substance use felt haunted and hindered by past experiences when building friendships. These experiences created a social divide between those who had experienced problematic substance use and those who had not. The valuable insights that social workers can gain from this study can support friendship development for people in long-term recovery on multiple levels. By understanding someone’s self-perceptions and their perspectives on others, social workers can engage with barriers when people in recovery enter social environments such as work. We emphasise the significance of a long-term approach to overcoming barriers to building new friendships.