bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural characterisation of poly(amidoamine) networks via high‐resolution magic angle spinning NMR
Authors: Annunziata R. , Franchini J. , Ranucci E. , Ferruti P. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA comprehensive structural characterisation of cross‐linked insoluble poly(amidoamine) (PAA) networks was performed by high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) NMR spectroscopy. Model samples with 20%, 40% and 80% cross‐linking degrees were prepared and the best conditions to obtain high‐resolution spectra in the gel phase determined. Whereas the samples with 20% and 40% cross‐linking degrees could be exhaustively resolved and described, the sample with 80% cross‐linking degree could not be characterised by this technique owing to insufficient mobility of the polymer segments. Even with this limitation, the method developed in this study can be reasonably considered as a general one, which enables exhaustive characterisation of cross‐linked PAA networks of biomedical interest. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectral assignments for 1H,13C and 15N solution and solid‐state NMR spectra of s‐tetrazine and dihydro‐s‐tetrazine derivatives
Authors: Palmas Pascal , Girard Elzéar , Pasquinet Eric , Caron Thomas , Poullain Didier 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTetrazine‐based organic species are interesting intermediates for organic synthesis and represent a source of new materials bearing specific properties with potential applications in biology and material science. 1H, 13C, 15N NMR measurements carried out in solution and in the solid‐state have been used to characterize a series of 3,6‐disubstituted 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine/dihydrotetrazine new derivatives. Experimental results presented here provide data for the assignment of 15N chemical shifts including new organic small molecules; two polymers having the tetrazine ring in the main chain and several previously published compounds. We report apparently for the first time 15N experimental chemical shift data for tetrazine systems in the solid state. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural determination of three new germacrane‐type sesquiterpene alcohols from curdione by microbial transformation
Authors: Ma Xiao‐chi , Zheng Jian , Wu Li‐jun , Guo De‐an 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFive germacrane‐type sesquiterpene alcohols obtained from curdione (1) by microbial biotransformation were isolated. Their structures were characterized as (2R)‐2β‐hydroxycurdione (2), 1α, 10β‐epoxy‐11‐hydroxycurdione (3), (2S)‐2α, 11‐dihydroxycurdione (4), 11,15‐dihydroxycurdione (5) and (3R)‐3α‐hydroxycurdione (6) based on the extensive NMR studies. Among them, 4, 5 and 6 are new compounds. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reaction of o‐phenylenediamine with diacetyl monoxime: characterisation of the product by solid‐state 13C and 15N MAS NMR
Authors: Radhakrishnan T. , Sreekumari Nair P. , Kolawole G. A. , Revaprasadu N. , Hawkes G. E. , Motevalli M. , Bento E. S. , O'Brien P. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract2,3‐Dimethylquinoxaline (DMQ) and dimethylglyoxime (DMGH2) form a 1:1 hydrogen‐bonded complex in the solid state, which is completely dissociated in methanol solution. There are small differences in solid‐state 13C shifts between the separated components DMQ and DMGH2 and the complex. The changes in 15N solid‐state chemical shifts are more significant: the hydrogen bond imparting a low frequency shift of ca 19 ppm. The effect of direct protonation on the DMQ solid‐state 15N shifts was measured, and the experimental 15N data correlated with those from GIAO molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvements in the model for interoperability of intrusion detection responses compatible with the IDWG model
Authors: da Silva Paulo Fernando , Westphall Carlos Becker 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a model for response interoperability between intruder detection systems (IDSs), compatible with the model for alert interoperability developed by the Intrusion Detection Working Group (IDWG). Alterations in IDS IDWG architecture are proposed in order to provide for response interoperability support. The development and testing of the proposed model and its components are also presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Broadband Internet network management software platform and systems in KT
Authors: Yoo Jae‐Hyoung 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe high penetration rate of Internet access services in Korea has created an operational environment that is different from those of other countries, and thus the level of customer needs takes on different aspects. To meet the operational environment, customer needs and rapid time to market requirements, Korea Telecom (KT) developed a scalable and flexible Internet network management system software (NMS S/W) platform, on which many NMSs have been implemented. This paper introduces KT's Internet network architecture, broadband services and operational environment. It also presents the software architecture of the NMS platform and application functions of major NMSs that are implemented on the platform. Furthermore, the future perspective of KT's network management technologies is described. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Customer‐centric service quality management for SK Telecom's mobile packet service
Authors: Kim Jisun , Park Jong Hoon , Kim Sung , Lee Dong Geol , Kim Yo Sub , Jin Sang Hyun 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe research objective of our work is to improve the current quality management system by understanding the service quality that customers perceive. Also, the study aims to enhance work efficiency through the end‐to‐end quality of service (QoS) analysis from the user's terminal to the service server, eliminating the overlaps of QoS degradation analyses involving the wireless network, core network, and platform network. Against this backdrop, this paper intends to identify the elements of quality degradation in mobile packet service perceived at subscriber level and to propose a method that implements customer‐centric service quality management. To this end, we have assessed the packet services available from SK Telecom and came up with a methodology that derives service availability as a uniform indicator for subscriber‐perceived service quality according to the characteristics of different kinds of packet services. Also, using an embodied system, we performed an analysis on the correlation between service availability, which is a subscriber‐perceived quality indicator as monitored by commercial networks, and the actual measurement data. It was confirmed that we could have an end‐to‐end service quality management system that is more service‐oriented and customer‐centric than the current system‐oriented quality monitoring practices. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wireless broadband services and network management system in KT
Authors: Lee Dong‐Hyun , Lee Hwan‐Joong , Lee Young‐Woo , Shin Dong‐Houn 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAs mobile devices such as laptops and PDAs are becoming widely available, customers' needs for portable Internet services are increasing. KT has been preparing to launch a WiBro (Mobile WiMax) service that is a high‐speed, low‐cost, wireless Internet service based on the IEEE 802.16e standard. WiBro Network Management System (WiBro‐NMS) has also been developed for the integrated management of WiBro network elements such as ACR, L2 switch, RAS and repeater. Because there is no standard management interface for the WiBro service, the design of a management interface is necessary to manage the multi‐vendor, heterogeneous network efficiently. In this paper, we discuss our two management interface specifications: XML web service‐based NML‐EML interface specification and management information base for WiBro repeater. We also describe the details of WiBro‐NMS, which has been developed based on the management interfaces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Power line communication network trial and management in Korea
Authors: Lee Jae‐Jo , Hong Choong Seon , Kang Joon‐Myung , Hong James Won‐Ki 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPower line communication (PLC) has become an important network access technology to conveniently and effectively provide various useful services such as remote meter reading, broadband Internet access, and home networking services. As the deployment and use of PLC networks increase, it is essential that we need to be able to configure, monitor, and control the PLC network resources. In this paper, we present an overview of PLC network technology and describe a trial PLC network and its deployment in Korea. We then present the design and implementation of a network management system for PLC networks. The experience on the deployment and management of the trial PLC network is also presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hydroelastic vibrations of flexible rectangular tanks partially filled with liquid
Authors: Zhou Ding , Liu Weiqing 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper, the three‐dimensional vibratory characteristics of flexible rectangular tanks partially filled with liquid are studied. The surface waves of the liquid are taken into account in the analysis. Both the bulging modes of the tank‐wall vibration and the sloshing modes of the liquid oscillation are investigated. The vibrating modes of the liquid–tank system are divided into four distinct categories: double symmetric modes (SS); antisymmetric–symmetric modes (AS); symmetric–antisymmetric modes (SA) and double antisymmetric modes (AA). Each of these categories is separately investigated. The velocity potential of the liquid is analytically deduced by using a combination of the superposition method and the method of separation of variables. According to the liquid–tank interface conditions and the orthogonality of trigonometric functions, the coefficients in the solution of liquid velocity potential are expressed in the integral forms including the tank–wall dynamic deflection. A set of reasonable static beam functions is constructed as the admissible functions of the tank‐wall vibration. The eigenfrequency equation of the liquid–tank system is derived by using a combination of the Rayleigh–Ritz method and the Galerkin method. Convergence study demonstrates the high accuracy and small computational cost of the proposed approach. Finally, some numerical results are presented for the first time. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Contrasting zonal LES and non‐linear zonal URANS models when predicting a complex electronics system flow
Authors: Liu Y. , Tucker P. G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractZonal non‐linear URANS (unsteady Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes) and hybrid RANS/LES (large eddy simulation) model variants are presented. Performances of these models are compared for an unsteady, relatively high Reynolds number, complex electronics‐related geometry, non‐isothermal flow. Comparison is made with heat transfer, velocity and turbulence intensity data. The URANS models investigated involve zonal k–l/EASM (explicit algebraic stress model) and k–l/HCubic (high Reynolds number cubic model) variants. A k–l‐based hybrid RANS/LES (zonal LES) method is also applied and four RANS–LES switching criteria considered. Results are found to be relatively insensitive to this. To aid comparisons, the Smagorinsky, Yoshizawa, non‐linear Kosovic and mixed Leray subgrid scale LES models are considered. All models give similar mean velocity predictions. However, for turbulence intensities, the hybrid RANS/LES and LES give considerably more accurate predictions than the URANS. For heat transfer, none of the models performs well. The local Nusselt number is largely overpredicted by the URANS and underpredicted by the hybrid RANS/LES. However, the worst hybrid RANS/LES model Nusselt number error is around 30% less than the best URANS model error. Also, the most accurate URANS heat transfer is for the crudest model. On average, the hybrid RANS/LES model heat transfer results are marginally more accurate than the LES. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessing the impact of stakeholder dialogue: changing relationships between NGOs and companies
Authors: Burchell Jon , Cook Joanne 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

In seeking to respond to criticisms regarding their social and environmental actions, companies have increasingly looked towards processes of stakeholder dialogue and engagement to increase trust and accountability, and provide better processes of communication regarding their activities. However, while stakeholder dialogue has become an increasingly central aspect of a companies CSR strategy, there is little detailed analysis, by which to assess the impact of these processes of dialogue in improving relationships between business and civil society. Similarly, little research has been conducted into the way in which dialogue impacts upon company strategy and policy, or upon how the dialogue process is perceived by the civil society organizations that the companies seek to bring into dialogue.

This article provides some insight into these areas by reflecting on the initial findings of an ongoing research project (CRADLE) into the impact of dialogue and exchange on the shaping of CSR. It presents the findings from a postal questionnaire distributed to companies NGOs and facilitator groups regarding the impact of CSR dialogue processes. In conjunction with subsequent interview findings, the article discusses both company and NGO attitudes towards stakeholder engagement processes, and the impact that this has had in changing organizational practices. In particular, it looks at the types of dialogue being undertaken, the links between dialogue and trust and the role of dialogue in shaping organizational learning. In general, the findings present an informative overview of the current perception of the value of dialogue processes from a cross‐section of groups directly involved within the CSR arena.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Responsible business decisions: an over‐arching framework
Authors: Gully Alan , Stainer Lorice , Stainer Alan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractContemporary businesses face increasing pressures on formulating, implementing and monitoring their strategic policies. Their long‐term success in attaining these strongly relies on developing a proactive two‐way, or even multi‐way, stakeholder dialogue to become aware of the moral aspects of decisions. Openness and transparency should help to provide stakeholders with information on how and why particular courses of action have been adopted. In order to be effective and efficient, responsible business decision‐making requires the willpower and commitment by management to implement, monitor and evaluate the ethical action which ought to be based on the organisation's evolving values and priorities. Although inclusive relationships may be accomplished in several ways, the normative interpretation of stakeholder theory is the most appropriate methodology to enable moral judgement to be made. An over‐arching framework is presented to assess, review and re‐balance the different techniques for any business to achieve its intended outcomes through the triple bottom line.Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Safeguarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) in global supply chains: how codes of conduct are managed in buyer‐supplier relationships
Authors: Pedersen Esben Rahbek , Andersen Mette 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

In the wake of globalization, companies are becoming increasingly aware of the social and environmental aspects of international production. Companies of today not only have to be profitable, but they also have to be good corporate citizens. In response to the increasing societal pressure, many companies adopt the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR) by introducing codes of conduct that are expected to ensure socially responsible business practises throughout the chain—from supplier of raw materials to final end‐users.

However, there are several challenges to the management and control of codes of conduct in global supply chains. Active commitment is a precondition for the successful implementation of the codes, but the incentive to comply with the codes does not necessarily extend to all the actors in the chain. Moreover, it is difficult to enforce codes of conduct in global supply chains, because the involved companies are separated geographically, economically, legally, culturally and politically. In consequence, introducing codes of conduct in global supply chains raises a series of agency problems that may result in non‐compliance.

Realizing that non‐compliance can have severe consequences for the initiator (due to consumer sanctions, negative press, capital loss, government interventions, damaged brand etc.), the article analyses how the interests of the actors in the supply chain can be aligned with the terms of the codes. IKEA is used as a ‘best case’ example to illustrate how codes of conduct can be effectively managed in the supply chain.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of a measure of societal marketing orientation
Authors: Ward Steven , Lewandowska Aleksandra 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Although there has been much debate and interest in the practices of societal marketing, there is currently no accepted measure of this construct. A measurement of societal marketing validated by Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) suggested this measure was one dimensional and consisted of five items measuring the lobbying of government and the degree of business charity. The factor structure was robust and did not vary across the four counties in the study. The final measure was positively correlated with the Narver and Slater (1990) measure of marketing orientation, industry association and performance. There was thus considerable evidence found for the construct validity of the measurement of societal marketing.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polymers as functional components in batteries and fuel cells
Authors: Wegner Gerhard 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe recent 10 years have seen an unprecedented development in the area of portable electronic devices: mobile phones, laptops, PDAS, and digital cameras have all become commodities on a large scale. All of these devices need a power supply in terms of a battery acceptable capacity, possibly rechargeable. This demand has triggered research and development in polymer materials science for lithium ion conducting polymers that could replace or avoid organic liquids as a supporting electrolyte. Moreover, polymers need to be optimized that act in the form of “gels” as framework and/or membrane materials to achieve mechanical integrity of the electrode compartments. Ionic conductivity for protons in polymeric systems is also the key issue in the development of so‐called polyelectrolyte‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) that are supposed to work as power sources for mobile applications, e.g. in hybrid cars. A liquid fuel such as methanol would be converted to CO2 and H2O with concomitant production of electricity. Novel proton conducting polymer systems are required that work at temperatures between 150–200°C, that is under more or less water‐free conditions. These requirements find an echo in the academic world in terms of renewed interest in the mechanisms of ionic transport phenomena in polymeric systems and in studies that aim for optimization of materials. In this article there will be a report on both lithium‐ion and proton conducting polymers that have been recently developed in the authors' laboratory. The results will be discussed in the context of the demands that need to be met for advanced technologies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Some comments on the main fire retardancy mechanisms in polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Schartel B. , Bartholmai M. , Knoll U. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBarrier formation and increasing the melt viscosity are addressed as the two main general fire retardancy mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites. They result in specific impacts on fire properties that consequentially cause varying flame retardancy efficiency in different fire tests. The barrier formation retards mainly flame spread (peak of heat release rate) in developing fires, but does not reduce fire load (total heat evolved), ignitability or flammability (limiting oxygen index, UL 94). Furthermore, this flame retardancy effect increases with increasing irradiation and vanishes with decreasing irradiation. The increased melt viscosity prevents dripping, which is beneficial or disadvantageous depending on the fire test used. In some test, it become the dominant influence, transforming self‐extinguishing samples into flammable materials or causing wicking. Advantages and the limits are sketched comprehensively for exploiting the main general fire retardancy mechanisms of polymer nanocomposites. It is concluded that barrier formation and changing the melt viscosity in nanocomposites are not sufficient for most applications, but must be accompanied by additional mechanisms in special systems or in combination with other flame retardants. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and polymerization reactions of cyclic imino ethers. 3. Poly(ester amide)s of the AA + BB type on the basis of 2‐oxazolines
Authors: Lustoň J. , Kronek J. , Markus O. , Janigová I. , Böhme F. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPolyaddition reaction of aromatic bis(2‐oxazolines) with aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, hence AA +  BB type reactions, was studied. 1,4‐Bis(2‐oxazolin‐2‐yl)benzene (TBOX) and 1,3‐bis(2‐oxazolin‐2‐yl) benzene (IBOX) as AA monomer and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with the number of carbon atoms 4–12 as BB monomer were used. Polymerizations were thermally initiated in the range 90–250°C, in melt or in solution of high boiling aprotic solvents. The structure of the formed poly(amide esters) was proved by NMR spectroscopy. The effects of the structure of both comonomers, duration of polymerization, polymerization temperature, type of solvent, and concentration of monomers were studied. The molecular weights of the prepared polymers are in the range 2000–25,000 g/mol. Thermal properties of the prepared samples were studied, too. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electrical properties of a rubber blend used in the tyre industry
Authors: Bošák Ondrej , Kalužný Ján , Preto Jozef , Vacval Jozef , Kubliha Marian , Hronkovič Ján 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis paper shows the results of the measurement of the time dependences of direct and alternate electric conductivities in the temperature range 100–200°C measured during the vulcanization of a rubber blend. Using electrical methods, it is possible to investigate the quantity and the quality of the processes running during vulcanization. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.