bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ontogenetic variations in the venom proteome of the Amazonian snake Bothrops atrox
Authors: Guércio Rafael AP , Shevchenko Anna , Shevchenko Andrej , López-Lozano Jorge L , Paba Jaime , Sousa Marcelo V , Ricart Carlos AO 
Published: May 2006

Abstract

Background

Bothrops atrox is responsible for the majority of snakebite accidents in the Brazilian Amazon region. Previous studies have demonstrated that the biological and pharmacological activities of B. atrox venom alter with the age of the animal. Here, we present a comparative proteome analysis of B. atrox venom collected from specimens of three different stages of maturation: juveniles, sub-adults and adults.

Results
Optimized conditions for two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) of pooled venom samples were achieved using immobilized pH gradient (IPG) gels of non-linear 3–10 pH range during the isoelectric focusing step and 10–20% gradient polyacrylamide gels in the second dimension. Software-assisted analysis of the 2-DE gels images demonstrated differences in the number and intensity of spots in juvenile, sub-adult and adult venoms. Although peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF) failed to identify even a minor fraction of spots, it allowed us to group spots that displayed similar peptide maps. The spots were subjected to a combination of tandem mass spectrometry and Mascot and MS BLAST database searches that identified several classes of proteins, including metalloproteinases, serine proteinases, lectins, phospholipases A2, L-amino oxidases, nerve growth factors, vascular endothelial growth factors and cysteine-rich secretory proteins.

Conclusion
The analysis of B. atrox samples from specimens of different ages by 2-DE and mass spectrometry suggested that venom proteome alters upon ontogenetic development. We identified stage specific and differentially expressed polypeptides that may be responsible for the activities of the venom in each developmental stage. The results provide insight into the molecular basis of the relation between symptomatology of snakebite accidents in humans and the venom composition. Our findings underscore the importance of the use of venoms from individual specimen at various stages of maturation for the production of antivenoms.
Hospitalisation among immigrants in Italy
Authors: Cacciani Laura , Baglio Giovanni , Rossi Lorenza , Materia Enrico , Marceca Maurizio , Geraci Salvatore , Spinelli Angela , Osborn John , Guasticchi Gabriella 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Background
Immigration is increasing in Italy. In 2003, 2.6 million foreign citizens lived in the country; 52% were men and the majority were young adults who migrated for work. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in hospitalisation between immigrants and the resident population during the year 2000 in the Lazio region.

Methods
Hospital admissions of immigrants from Less Developed Countries were compared to those of residents. We measured differences in hospitalisation rates and proportions admitted.

Results
Adult immigrants have lower hospitalisation rates than residents (134.6 vs. 160.5 per thousand population for acute care; 26.4 vs. 38.3 for day care). However, hospitalisation rates for some specific causes (injuries, particularly for men, infectious diseases, deliveries and induced abortions, ill-defined conditions) were higher for immigrants than for residents. Immigrants under 18 years seem to be generally healthy; causes of admission in this group are similar to those of residents of the same age (respiratory diseases, injuries and poisoning). The only important differences are for infectious and parasitic diseases, with a higher proportion among immigrant youths.

Conclusion
The low hospitalisation rates for foreigners may suggest that they are a population with good health status. However, critical areas, related to poor living and working conditions and to social vulnerability, have been identified. Under-utilisation of services and low day care rates may be partially due to administrative, linguistic, and cultural barriers. As the presence of foreigners becomes an established phenomenon, it is important to evaluate their epidemiological profile, develop instruments to monitor and fulfil their specific health needs and plan health services for a multi-ethnic population.
Issues of informed consent for intrapartum trials: a suggested consent pathway from the experience of the Release trial [ISRCTN13204258]
Authors: Vernon Gillian , Alfirevic Zarko , Weeks Andrew 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Service users within the NHS are increasingly being asked to participate in clinical research. In Liverpool Women's NHS Foundation Trust, approximately 35% of women take part in research during their pregnancy. For many studies the consent process is simple; information is provided and signed consent is given. There is a difficulty, however, with obtaining informed consent from women in pregnancy who become eligible only when they develop unforeseen complications, especially when they occur acutely. The problem is compounded with women in labour who may be frightened, vulnerable, in pain, under the effect of opiate analgesia, or all of the above. If research to improve the care of these women is to continue, then special consent procedures are needed. These procedures must ensure that the woman's autonomy is protected whilst recognising that women under these circumstances vary enormously, both in their desire for information and their ability to comprehend it. This paper will discuss the obtaining of consent in this situation, and describe an information and consent pathway for intrapartum research which has been developed in collaboration with consumer groups as a way in which these issues can be tackled.
Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Ferrocene Sulfide and Sulfone Derivatives with a Long Alkyl Chain
Authors: Li Jin-ru , Liu Ming-hua , Nakahara Hiroo , Sato Masaru , Fukuda Kiyoshige 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
With ferrocenyl octadecyl sulfide, stable monolayers on water surface can be obtained by mixing with stearic acid or by oxidizing to the sulfone derivative and can be easily deposited on solid supports to form well-organized LB films, as confirmed by polarized IR spectra and X-ray diffraction. The LB films exhibit electrochemical activity.
Novel Carbinolamine Complex Derived from Ketomalonate and trans-[CoCl2(3,7-Diaza-1,9-diaminononane)]+. Synthesis and Characterization of [Co(N-(3,7-Diaza-9-aminononyl)-α-amino-α-hydroxymalonato)] ClO4·H2O
Authors: Kojima Takahiko , Usui Takeshi , Yashiro Morio , Kuroda Reiko , Yano Shigenobu , Yoshikawa Sadao , Hidai Masanobu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A novel carbinolamine complex, [Co(N-(3,7-diaza-9-aminononyl)-α-amino-α-hydroxymalonato)]+, was obtained from the reaction of ketomalonic acid and trans-[CoCl2(2,3,2-tet)]+ and the molecular structure was determined by X-ray analysis. A free OH group in the carbinolamine linkage had aromatic properties despie it binds to an sp3 carbon.
Synthesis, Conformation, and the Stereoselective Sulfur Extrusion Reaction of a New Intraannular Dibromo-Substituted Tetrathia[4.4]metacyclophane
Authors: Fujihara Hisashi , Chiu Jer-Jye , Furukawa Naomichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The oxidative coupling of 2,6-bis(mercaptomethyl)bromobenzene using I2 gave syn- and anti-10,20-dibromo-2,3,12,13-tetrathia[4.4]metacyclophane (1) which can be isolated in the solid state at room temperature. The sulfur extrusion reaction of anti-1with (Et2N)3P afforded the corresponding dithia[3.3]metacyclophane, while syn-1 gave the trithia[3.4]metacyclophane.
Catalytic Activity for NO Decomposition of Cobalt Tetrapropoxyphthalocyanine Supported on Titania
Authors: Fujitsu Hiroshi , Sakakihara Toshiaki , Mochida Isao 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Cobalt-tetrapropoxyphthalocyanine, CoPc(OPr)4, impregnated with THF onto TiO2 provided an anion radical (g value: 2.003) which gave a stationary NO(500 ppm) conversion of 27% in a flow reaction without oxygen at 423 K. Oxygen in the reactant gas increased the conversion to 55%, which decreased gradually to the stationary 27% without any formation of NC2 or CC2.
Novel Flow Injection Method for Selective Spectrophotometric Determination of Acetylcholine Using Thermochromism of Ion Associates
Authors: Sakai Tadao , Gao Yun-hua , Ohno Noriko , Ura Nobuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A selective and rapid spectrophotometric method for the determination of acetylcholine has been developed by flow injection technique coupled with ion pair extraction using tetrabromophenolphthalein ethyl ester dichloroethane solution, where selectivity can be improved by using both higher pH(pH 11) on extraction and thermochromism of ion associates in a flow system.
Stereo-Specific Binding of Dinuclear Copper(II) Complex of l-Carnosine with DNA
Authors: Chikira Makoto , Mizukami Yoichiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
EPR spectra of the title complex in DNA fibers revealed that the complex binds to the DNA with a specific orientation keeping its dinuclear structure unchanged from that in solution. The binding structure has been estimated from an angular dependence of the triplet-state EPR intensity.
High-Temperature Steam Reforming of Hydrocarbons over Nickel/Hexaaluminate Catalysts
Authors: Machida Masato , Teshima Takahiro , Eguchi Koichi , Arai Hiromichi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Hexaaluminate supports effectively suppressed the sintering of supported Ni particles and the carbon deposition in the steam reforming reaction. These prominent features result from a large surface area of the hexaaluminate support in the presence of high-temperature water vapor.
Mn3+-Mediated Coupling-Cyclization of 5-Arylpent-1-enes with Active Methylene Compounds by Electrooxidation
Authors: Shundo Ryushi , Nishiguchi Ikuzo , Matsubara Yoshiharu , Hirashima Tsuneaki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Selective coupling-cyclization of 5-arylpent-1-enes with active methylene compounds was developed by indirect electrooxidation using a small amount of Mn(OAc)2·4H2O to give 1-[2,2-(disubstituted)ethyl]tetralines in good yields.
Electronic Spectrum of Jet-Cooled Tropolone-3-d
Authors: Sekiya Hiroshi , Nagashima Yusuke , Nishimura Yukio , Mori Akira , Takeshita Hitoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The laser fluorescence excitation spectrum of jet-cooled tropolone-3-d has been measured to investigate the effect of an unsymmetrical substitution of a deuterium on proton tunneling and the equilibrium geometry.
A New Synthesis of (E)-1-Alkyl-1-trimethylsilylpropenes via Hydroboration of 3-Chloro-1-trimethylsilylpropyne with Dialkylboranes
Authors: Hoshi Masayuki , Masuda Yuzuru , Arase Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The successive treatment of 3-chloro-1-trimethylsilylpropyne with dialkylboranes and aqueous sodium hydroxide provided (E)-1-alkyl-1-trimethylsilylpropenes whose alkyl groups were derived from a terminal or internal alkene via dialkylboranes.
Reactions of Meso-ionic Compounds with Metal Complexes. Formation of (η5-Cyclopentadienyl)(1,2-diaryl-1,2-ethylenedithiolato)cobalt(III) Complexes in the Thermal and Photochemical Reactions of 2,5-Diaryl-1,3-dithiolylium-4-olate with [Co(cp)] Species
Authors: Sugimori Akira , Matsudaira Yorimasa , Tono Masaki , Kajitani Masatsugu , Akiyama Takeo , Sugiyama Toru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The title meso-ionic compounds react thermally and photochemically with [Co(cp)] species to give dithiolatocobalt complexes. 5-Phenyl-2-(p-tolyl)-1,3-dithiolylium-4-olate gives (η5-cyclopentadieny)(1-phenyl-2-(p-tolyl)-1,2-ethylenedithiolato)cobalt(III) with high selectivity.
Molecular and Crystal Structures of 5-Nitrofuran-2-aldoxime and Thiophene Analogues as SHG Materials
Authors: Matsuoka Masaru , Furukawa Masayoshi , Takao Mitsukazu , Kitao Teijiro , Hamada Masayuki , Nakatsu Kazumi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
5-Nitrofuran-2-aldoxime (1b) exhibits crystallographic polymorphism. The isolated two crystals show SHG efficiency of 12 and 3 times that of urea. 5-Nitrothiophene-2-aldoxime (2b) shows weak SHG response because of the hyper valent interactions of O–S–O atoms. Two crystals of 1b and 2b belong to P212121 space group.
New Observation of 5-Coordinate Dinuclear Complexes with 1,1,2,2-Tetraacetylethanate and N-Alkylated Diethylenetriamine
Authors: Kambayashi Hide , Masuda Yuichi , Fukuda Yutaka 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Seven dinuclear mixed ligand complexes of Ni(II) and Cu(II) containing tetraketonate (taet) and pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (Me5dien) were synthesized, M2(taet)(Me5dien)2X2·nH2O. The structures of these dinuclear complexes change between 5-coordinate (C4v–C4v) and 6-coordinate (Oh–Oh) ones depending upon the anion coordinating power and the metal ions used.
Copper-Induced Deselenative Coupling of Selenoamides Leading to 1,2-Enediamines
Authors: Sekiguchi Masahito , Ogawa Akiya , Kambe Nobuaki , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
N,N-Disubstituted selenoamides were found to undergo deselenative coupling by the action of copper(0), providing 1,2-enediamines in good yields. The driving force of this reaction may be a high affinity of selenium for soft metals such as copper.
A Novel Synthesis of Lactones by the Oxidation of Alicyclic Ketones with Oxone in Aprotic Solvent in the Presence of “Wet-Alumina”
Authors: Hirano Masao , Oose Masaki , Morimoto Takashi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of cycloalkanones with Oxone in dichloro methane in the presence of “wet-alumina” afforded lactones in good yield under mild conditions.
Growth of Gd2SiO5 Crystals from MF (M = Li, Na, and K) Fluxes
Authors: Oishi Shuji , Hirao Minoru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The growth of Gd2SiO5. crystals from MF (M = Li, Na, and K) fluxes was attempted by a slow cooling method. Crystals of Gd2SiO5 were grown from LiF and KF fluxes. Well-formed Gd2SiO5 crystals up to 0.4 mm long were grown from KF flux. Unwanted NaGdSiO4 crystals were grown from NaF flux.
Ab Initio MO Study of the Reaction of Pentacoordinate Allylsilicates with Aldehydes
Authors: Kira Mitsuo , Sato Kazuhiko , Sakurai Hideki , Hada Masahiko , Izawa Masaru , Ushio Jiro 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Transition state structures for the reaction of allyltetrafluorosilicate with formaldehyde as well as structures of the silicate and related compounds were located with ab initio MO calculations. The origin of the unique reactivity of pentacoordinate allylsilicates observed experimentally is discussed on this basis.
Langmuir–Blodgett Films of Polyacrylic Acid Modified with Perfluoroalkyl Groups
Authors: Tamura Masanori , Sekiya Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Long chain perfluoroalkyl groups were introduced to polyacrylic acid, and Langmuir–Blodgett films of the polymers were successfully prepared. The preparation of the polymer LB films containing metal ions was achieved by spreading the polymer solution on the aqueous solution of metal salt. Characterization of the films was attempted.
Cocation Effect in Catalytic Property of Copper Ion-Exchanged ZSM-5 Zeolites for the Direct Decomposition of Nitrogen Monoxide
Authors: Kagawa Shuichi , Ogawa Hiroshi , Furukawa Hiroshi , Teraoka Yasutake 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The coexistence of metal cations such as alkaline earth and transition metal cations with Cu ions in ZSM-5 zeolites promoted the catalytic activity of Cu ion for the direct decomposition of nitrogen monoxide at temperatures above 450 °C. The promotion effect was found to depend on the ion exchange mode.
Thermotropic Liquid-Crystalline Ionic Polymers
Authors: Ujiie Seiji , Iimura Kazuyoshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Thermotorpic liquid-crystalline ionic polymers formed between the anionic polymer and the cationic low-mass compound have been prepared, and their thermal properties and orientational structures have been studied. They spontaneously organized homeotropic structures in the smectic phases.
Addition Reactions of Cation Radicals of Nitroalkanes to Olefinic Compounds by the Use of Manganese(III) 2-Pyridinecarboxylate
Authors: Narasaka Koichi , Iwakura Kazunori , Okauchi Tatsuo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Silyl derivatives of aci-nitroalkanes react with olefins such as silyl enol ether, vinyl sulfide, and enamine by oxidation with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate to give the intermolecular addition products selectively.
Calicoferols A and B, Two Novel Secosterols Possessing Brine-Shrimp Lethality from the Gorgonian Calicogorgia sp.
Authors: Ochi Masamitsu , Yamada Koji , Kotsuki Hiyoshizo , Shibata Kozo 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The structures of calicoferols A and B, two new secosterols possessing brine-shrimp lethality isolated from the gorgonian Calicogorgia sp. have been determined on the basis of spectroscopic and chemical evidence.
Acyclic Oxy-Cope Rearrangement. Dependence of E/Z Stereoselection on Substrate Stereochemistry
Authors: Tomooka Katsuhiko , Wei Shih-Yi , Nakai Takeshi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The E/Z stereoselection in the acyclic oxy-Cope rearrangement of stereochemically-defined 3-methyl-1,5-heptadien-4-ols, prepared via diastereoselective [2,3]Wittig variants, has been evaluated, thereby permitting to propose a reasonable transition-state model for this type of anionic oxy-Cope variant.
Chirality Recognition by a Color Change in Crowned Cholesteric Liquid Crystals
Authors: Shinkai Seiji , Nishi Tadahiko , Matsuda Tsutomu 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Alkali (R)- and (S)-mandelates can change the helical pitch of cholesteric liquid crystals containing steroidal crown ethers in an enantioselective manner. In certain cases the pitch difference between (R)- and (S)-mandelates can be detected visually as a color change in the liquid crystals.
Nature of the Effect of Counter Cations on the Redox Property of 12-Molybdophosphates
Authors: Kim Hee Chul , Moon Sang Heup , Lee Wha Young 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The role of counter cations of 12-molybdophosphates in determining the redox property of the catalysts has been studied systematically. It is suggested that the electronegative cations act as large electron reservoirs to facilitate electron transfer in the redox process, as supported by the XPS results.
Isophenoxazine Synthase Model. Oxidation of o-Aminophenol by an Oxidation-Active Flavin Mimic in an Aqueous Solution
Authors: Yano Yumihiko , Ikuta Masato , Amamiya Yoshiyuki , Nabeshima Tatsuya 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
It was found that a flavin mimic, benzo-dipteridine (BDP), oxidizes o-aminophenol in an aqueous solution under anaerobic conditions. Under aerobic conditions, 2-aminophenoxazine-3-one was isolated. This is the first example of an isophenoxazine synthase model.
Selective Synthesis of Cellulose-Type Copolymers by Ring-Opening Copolymerization of 1,4-Anhydro-α-D-ribopyranose Derivatives
Authors: Yoshida Takashi , Song Lixin , Wu Cheng Pei , Hatanaka Kenichi , Uryu Toshiyuki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Stereoregular cellulose-type copoymers, (1→4)-β-D-ribopyranan derivatives, were prepared by selective ring-opening copolymerization of 1,4-anhydro-2,3-O-benzylidene- and -2,3-di-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-α-D-ribopyranoses with antinomy pentachloride as catalyst at 0 °C. Being subjected to branching reaction, the copolymer can be converted into branched (1→4)-β-D-ribopyranans.
Facile Synthesis of Regioselectively Deuteriated (3R)-(−)-[8,8,8-2H3]Linalool
Authors: Hiraga Yoshikazu , Izumi Shunsuke , Hirata Toshifumi , Suga Takayuki 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Regloseleetively deuteriated (3R)-(−)-[8,8,8-2H3] linalool was synthesized from (4R)-(−)-4-acetyl-3-methyl-5-hexenal, which was prepared from (3R)-(−)-linalyl acetate, with the synthesis of (2E,6R)-(−)-2,6-dimethyl-2,7-[1,1-2H2]octadiene-1,6-diol as the key step.
Transformation of Electronic Structure of Diaryldiazomethane Radical Cations as Studied by Cyclic Voltammetry
Authors: Ishiguro Katsuya , Ikeda Masatoshi , Sawaki Yasuhiko 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
The anodic oxidation of diaryldiazomethanes has been studied by cyclic voltammetry in CH2Cl2 at low temperature. It is shown that the initially formed π-radical cations are converted to σ-radical cations, which have a more negative reduction potential. The rate constant for the transformation of π- to σ-radicals could be determined for the typical case of dimesityldiazomethane by means of digital simulation of the cyclic voltammogram.
Stereoregulation in the Alternating Copolymerization Giving Highly Coheterotactic Poly(Methyl Methacrylate-alt-Styrene). Direct Determination of Coisotactic Parameters
Authors: Gotoh Yaeko , Yamashita Mihoko , Nakamura Masato , Toshima Naoki , Hirai Hidefumi 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Coisotactic parameters of two steps in a propagating process, one from styrene (St) unit to methyl methacrylate (MMA) unit and the other from MMA unit to St unit, were experimentally determined in alternating copolymerization of MMA with St under the copolymerization conditions giving highly coheterotactic poly(MMA-alt-St). The former step resulted in highly syndiotactic addition and the latter, in highly isotactic addition.
A Chiral Total Synthesis of (−)-Physostigmine
Authors: Node Manabu , Hao Xiao-jiang , Fuji Kaoru 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A chiral total synthesis of (−)-physostigmine via (−)-eserethole has been achieved starting from (S)-(−)-2-methyl-2-(2′-nitrovinyl)-δ-valerolactone.
Oxidation of Thymidine by Peroxomono- and Peroxodisulfate Ions
Authors: Itahara Toshio , Koga Sunao 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Oxidation of thymidine by KHSO5 gave thymidine glycols, while a similar treatment with Na2S2O8 gave 5-hydroxymethyl-2′-deoxyuridine.
Cyclohexane Inclusion Compound with 2,2-Dibutyl-N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)malonamide
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa , Goto Midori 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
A novel clathrate-type inclusion compound has been formed from recrystallization of 2,2-dibutyl-N,N′-di(1-naphthyl)malonamide with restricted organic molecules, which was characterized by the thermal analyses (DSC and TGA) and the X-ray structural analysis.
Ex Situ Observation of Electrochemically Hydrogenated Palladium Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Authors: Ohmori Takashi , Sakamaki Kenji , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Fujishima Akira 
Published: May 2006

Abstract
Morphological transformations were observed ex situ on a palladium (Pd) surface induced by electrochemically absorbed hydrogen using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Hydrogenated Pd exhibited β-phase and hydrogen absorption into Pd transformed the surface into a more detailed, nodular-like structure.