bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dirofilaria repens infection case in Hungary: a case report
Authors: Pónyai Katinka , Wikonkál Norbert , Bottlik Gyula , Hársing Judit , Kucsera István , Horváth Attila , Kárpáti Sarolta 
Published: November 2006

SummaryA 51‐year‐old female developed urticarial lesions of her right forearm which progressed into transient edema and subcutaneous swelling. Later a small infiltrated subcutaneous nodule also appeared and was removed in toto. Histopathological examination revealed the presence of Dirofilaria repens.This worm is the cause of an endemic zoonosis in the Mediterranean area. In the past decade many cases have been reported worldwide, but the condition appears rare in Hungary and skin findings have not been described.
Acne vulgaris – Psychosomatic aspects
Authors: Niemeier Volker , Kupfer Jörg , Gieler Uwe 
Published: November 2006

SummaryMore than a cosmetic nuisance, acne can produce anxiety, depression, and other psychological problems that affect patients' lives in ways comparable to life‐threatening or disabling diseases. Emotional problems due to the disease should be taken seriously and included in the treatment plan. A purely dermatological therapy by itself may not achieve its purpose. Even mild to moderate disease can be associated with significant depression and suicidal ideation, and psychologic change does not necessarily correlate with disease severity. Acne patients suffer particularly under social limitations and reduced quality of life. Psychological comorbidities in acne are probably greater than generally assumed. Attention should be paid to psychosomatic aspects especially if depressive‐anxious disorders are suspected, particularly with evidence of suicidal tendencies, body dysmorphic disorders, or also in disrupted compliance.Therefore, patients who report particularly high emotional distress or dysmorphic tendencies due to the disease should be treated, if possible, by interdisciplinary therapy. The dermatologist should have some knowledge of the basics of psychotherapy and psychopharmacology, which sometimes must be combined with systemic and topical treatment of acne in conjunction with basic psychosomatic treatment.
Hyde Park Gate News
Authors: Lowe Gill 
Published: November 2006

This paper forms part of a Literature Compass cluster of articles which examines the current state of Virgina Woolf Studies and aims to provide a snapshot of the field. Urmila Seshagiri (University of Tennessee) and Rishona Zimring (Lewis and Clark College) first provide an introduction for this paper along with Claudia Olk's article, “The Art of ‘Scene‐Making’ in the Charleston Bulletin Supplements” The full text of Gill Lowe's piece then follows.These papers grew out of the 15th Annual International Virginia Woolf Conference (College of Lewis and Clark, Portland, OR, June 9–12, 2005).The full cluster is made up of the following articles:“Introduction: Virginia Woolf and The Art of Exploration,” Urmila Seshagiri and Rishona Zimring, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00393.x“Virginia Woolf's Sense of Adventure,” Maria DiBattista, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00394.x“The Twentieth Part: Virginia Woolf in the British Museum Reading Room,” Benjamin Harvey, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00395.x“‘Street Haunting’: Phantasmagorias of the Modern Imperial Metropolis,” Sara Gerend, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00396.x“Hyde Park Gate News,” Gill Lowe, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00397.x“The Art of ‘Scene‐Making’ in the Charleston Bulletin Supplements,” Claudia Olk, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00398.x“A Camera of Her Own: Woolf and the Legacy of the Indomitable Mrs. Cameron,” Emily Setina, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00399.x“Woolfian Resonances,” Anne Fernald, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00400.x“Early Twentieth‐Century British Women Travellers to Greece: Contextualizing the Example of Virginia Woolf,” Martha Klironomos, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00401.x“‘Others Wanted to Travel’: Woolf and ‘America Herself’,” Thaine Stearns, Literature Compass 3 (2006), 10.1111/j.1741‐4113.2006.00402.x
Moral Explanation
Authors: Majors Brad 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis article surveys recent work on the problem of moral explanation and moral causation, including Harman's original challenge, together with responses to it, and the counterfactual test for explanatory relevance and its limitations. It advances as well a novel argument for the explanatory indispensability of moral properties, and contends that non‐naturalistic moral realists ought to remain open to the possibility that moral properties play a genuine causal‐explanatory role.
A Field Guide to Social Construction
Authors: Mallon Ron 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA wide range of discussions throughout the humanities and social sciences include claims that various phenomena are “socially constructed.” Many academics associate “social constructionism” with the so‐called “science wars” in which social constructionism is identified with some sort of radical anti‐realism about reality in general, or the findings of science in particular. But the move to radical anti‐realism is only one way to develop the central idea of constructionism – that human decision and human culture exert profound and often unnoticed influence – and much of this work remains interesting and provocative within a broadly naturalist and realist framework. Here the author reviews and explores a variety of constructionist claims, including the plausible suggestion that social constructionist hypotheses have special purchase in discussions of human kinds.
Salt Discharge from an Inland Farm for Marine Shrimp in Alabama
Authors: Boyd Christopher A. , Boyd Claude E. , McNevin Aaron A. , Rouse D. B. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract The total salt input in saline well water, mineral amendments, feed, and rainfall and runoff to ponds of an inland shrimp farm in Alabama was 1980.8 tonnes over a 5‐yr period. A residual of 270.4 tonnes of salt remained in pond water and 38.3 tonnes in bottom soil. Only 8.0 tonnes of salt were removed in harvested shrimp. A total of 1588.0 tonnes of salt or 80.2% of the input was lost to the environment with about equal amounts exiting the ponds in seepage and in overflow and harvest effluent. About 4.2% of the salt input (84.1 tonnes) could not be accounted for because of errors in assumptions and measurements. Salt concentration was elevated in a small stream passing through the farm and in the shallow aquifer beneath it. Needham Creek, the receiving water body for runoff and base flow from the farm watershed, had elevated salt concentrations when ponds were partially drained for harvest in the fall. At this time, chloride concentration exceeded 230 mg/L, the maximum concentration allowed by Alabama Department of Environmental Management regulations. Greater water reuse or more gradual release of pond effluent during harvest would reduce the peak in‐stream chloride concentration and avoid noncompliance with the in‐stream chloride criterion.
Effects of Dietary Protein Concentration and Feeding Regimen on Channel Catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, Production
Authors: Li Menghe H. , Robinson Edwin H. , Oberle Daniel F. , Bosworth Brian G. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract A factorial experiment was conducted to examine effects of dietary protein concentration (24, 28, 32, or 36%) and feeding regimen (feeding once daily or every other day [EOD]) on channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, production in earthen ponds. Compared with fish fed daily, fish fed EOD had lower feed consumption, weight gain, net production, and percentage of market‐size fish but had high feed efficiency and required fewer hours of aeration. Fish fed EOD also had lower carcass yield, fillet yield, and visceral and fillet fat. There was a significant interaction between dietary protein and feeding regimen for weight gain. No significant differences were observed in weight gain of fish fed daily with diets containing various levels of protein, whereas weight gain of fish fed EOD with a 24% protein diet was lower than those fed EOD with higher protein diets. Results suggest that response of channel catfish to dietary protein levels depends on whether the fish were fed daily or EOD. Feeding EOD to satiation improved feed efficiency and required less aeration compared with fish fed daily but also reduced net production and processing yield; therefore, EOD feeding should be examined closely before implementation.
Effects of Timing of Common Carp Larvae Stocking on Zooplankton Succession in Earthen Nursery Ponds: A Microcosm Simulation
Authors: Valdenberg Arie , Milstein Ana , Harpaz Sheenan 
Published: November 2006

Abstract Large‐scale commercial nurseries face problems in obtaining enough zooplankton of adequate species composition and size when fish larvae start to feed. To address these problems a simulation of the effects of timing of fish larvae stocking after pond filling on zooplankton composition was carried out. The experimental system consisted of twelve 130‐L containers, in which zooplankton populations were exclusively autochthonous (hatched from resting eggs in the sediments, not entering with the filling water). Treatments consisted of stocking 2‐d‐old common carp larvae on the fourth and sixth days after water filling and a control without fish. The effects of timing of stocking on fish larvae growth and on zooplankton composition were explored using factor analysis. This enabled the identification of several groups of zooplankters that respond in different ways to predation by fish larvae. FACTOR1 was a general measurement of small rotifer abundance. It showed earlier increase in response to the exposure to fish predation, and toward the end of the experiment indicated that fish also preyed on them. FACTOR2 identified the direct effects of size‐selective fish predation on zooplankton that differed according to timing of fish larvae stocking. FACTOR3 identified benthic rotifers, whose density in the plankton increased as a result of fish disturbance of the bottom sediment and decreased as a result of fish predation, also according to timing of fish larvae stocking. In the studied system no rotifers were present in the filling water and the zooplankton peak of autochthonous populations took a while to develop. Under this zooplankton succession pattern, stocking fish larvae before the rotifer concentration started to increase (Day 4) greatly affected their own food resources. The strong predation pressure exerted on the emergent resource retarded the zooplankton increase for 4 d. It also changed the composition toward smaller species and forced fish to feed on less preferred resources, which resulted in reduced fish growth rate. Stocking fish larvae after the rotifer concentration had started to increase (Day 6) allowed the fish to come across increasing amounts of zooplankton of large‐size species, not requiring the exploitation of small benthic rotifers. This resulted in better fish growth rates. Thus, increased larvae production in commercial nurseries can be achieved by matching fish stocking with the increasing phase of the zooplankton peak.
Hormonally Induced Spawning, Embryonic Development, and Larval Rearing of the Southern Temperate Banded Morwong, Cheilodactylus spectabilis
Authors: Ritar Arthur J. , Pribadi Tyas A. 
Published: November 2006

Abstract Banded morwong (Cheilodactylus spectabilis) are of interest for marine finfish aquaculture in temperate southern Australia. To improve their ovulatory response, adult females were implanted during the autumn spawning season with slow‐release pellets containing 0–400 μg luteinizing‐hormone‐releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa)/kg body weight within 24 h of capture from the wild. Compared to the sham control group, animals treated with LHRHa produced significantly more eggs on each day after implantation for the following 7 d (91 ± 39 and 290 ± 38 mL) and a higher proportion ovulated (8/12 and 27/27). Of fish treated with LHRHa, 93% ovulated 2 d after implantation and 79% ovulated three times at 2‐d intervals, whereas control animals showed no cyclicity of ovulation and few ovulated more than once. Egg production was highest at the first ovulation after LHRHa treatment and declined at subsequent ovulations. In a second experiment investigating the range 100–400 μg LHRHa, there was no effect of dose rate on ovulation parameters, which additionally examined implantation either immediately after capture or after a 5‐d delay. Compared to immediate implantation, a delay resulted in a lower proportion of animals that could be stripped after implantation (100 and 50%, respectively) and the volume of eggs was lower (135 ± 15  and 107 ± 10 mL). The egg quality was poor following delayed implantation, resulting in no fertilization after artificial insemination compared with immediate implantation in which fertilization and hatch rates were higher for eggs collected on Day 2 after implantation (79 ± 8% and 58 ± 9%) than on Day 4 (23 ± 7% and 15 ± 6%). Thus, it is important to implant animals as soon as possible after capture to ensure optimum egg quality. Good‐quality eggs were buoyant and spherical and had a diameter of 1050 ± 25 μm with a single pigmented oil droplet of 190 ± 9 μm. When a separate large batch of eggs collected 2 d after implantation with 100 μg LHRHa was inseminated and cultured at 18 C, larvae hatched after 63 ± 2 h at a standard length of 2.6 ± 0.4 mm. Newly hatched larvae were buoyant and transparent with only a few melanophores, eyes were nonpigmented and jaws were nonfunctional. By the fourth day, jaws were functional and eyes were fully pigmented. Utilization of the endogenous yolk and oil was completed by Day 6, and swimming commenced with exogenous feeding. Larvae, initially fed lipid‐enriched rotifers followed by Artemia, reached 8.9 ± 0.7 mm length on Day 55, after which they metamorphosed to the postlarval paperfish stage of development, 22 ± 0.9 mm on Day 100, and 43 ± 1.0 mm at 6 mo of age. The results show that treatment of wild‐caught females with slow‐release pellets containing LHRHa is effective for the production of eggs for hatchery rearing.
Sufism – What Is It Exactly?
Authors: Heck Paul L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSufism is commonly called mysticism, the mysticism of Islam, but is it mysticism and what is its relation to Islam? Despite diverse expressions and modernist and reformist attempts to disassociate it from Islam, Sufism is the spirituality of Islam. Sometimes saint based, sometimes text based, it aims to bring the soul into relation with the sanctity of the other world, thus orienting it to divine truth. Sufism thus sees itself as the completion of Islam, its living embodiment, in contrast to legal formalism and theological scholasticism, but not in opposition to Muslim laws and doctrines. Its goal is sanctity, embodiment of the godly holiness described by the Qur’an. It is thus a path to saintliness not as perfection of human virtue but as extension of the prophecy of Islam, standing in an integral relation to the ethical and theological outlook of Islam, with which, this article argues, Sufism is finely interwoven.
C57BL/6 and Congenic Interleukin-10-Deficient Mice Can Serve as Models ofCampylobacter jejuniColonization and Enteritis
Authors: Mansfield L. S. , Bell J. A. , Wilson D. L. , Murphy A. J. , Elsheikha H. M. , Rathinam V. A. K. , Fierro B. R. , Linz J. E. , Young V. B. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTCampylobacter jejuniis a globally distributed cause of human food-borne enteritis and has been linked to chronic joint and neurological diseases. We hypothesized thatC. jejuni11168 colonizes the gastrointestinal tract of both C57BL/6 mice and congenic C57BL/6 interleukin-10-deficient (IL-10−/−) mice and that C57BL/6 IL-10−/−mice experienceC. jejuni11168-mediated clinical signs and pathology. Individually housed mice were challenged orally withC. jejuni11168, and the course of infection was monitored by clinical examination, bacterial culture,C. jejuni-specific PCR, gross pathology, histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and anti-C. jejuni-specific serology. Ceca ofC. jejuni11168-infected mice were colonized at high rates: ceca of 50/50 wild-type mice and 168/170 IL-10−/−mice were colonized. In a range from 2 to 35 days after infection withC. jejuni11168, C57BL/6 IL-10−/−mice developed severe typhlocolitis best evaluated at the ileocecocolic junction. Rates of colonization and enteritis did not differ between male and female mice. A dose-response experiment showed that as little as 106CFU produced significant disease and pathological lesions similar to responses seen in humans. Immunohistochemical staining demonstratedC. jejuniantigens within gastrointestinal tissues of infected mice. Significant anti-C. jejuniplasma immunoglobulin levels developed by day 28 after infection in both wild-type and IL-10-deficient animals; antibodies were predominantly T-helper-cell 1 (Th1)-associated subtypes. These results indicate that the colonization of the mouse gastrointestinal tract byC. jejuni11168 is necessary but not sufficient for the development of enteritis and that C57BL/6 IL-10−/−mice can serve as models for the study ofC. jejunienteritis in humans.
Cross-Protection against a Human Enteric Coronavirus and a Virulent Bovine Enteric Coronavirus in Gnotobiotic Calves
Authors: Han Myung Guk , Cheon Doo-Sung , Zhang Xuming , Saif Linda J. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTA group 2 human coronavirus designated HECV-4408 was isolated from a child with acute diarrhea and is antigenically and genetically more closely related to bovine coronavirus (BCoV) than to human coronavirus OC43 (X. M. Zhang, W. Herbst, K. G. Kousoulas, and J. Storz, J. Med. Virol.44:152-161, 1994). To determine whether HECV-4408 infects gnotobiotic calves and induces cross-protective immunity against the virulent enteric BCoV DB2 strain, gnotobiotic calves (n= 4) were orally inoculated with HECV-4408 and then challenged with BCoV DB2 at postinoculation day (PID) 21. All calves inoculated with HECV-4408 developed diarrhea at PID 3 to 4 lasting 5 to 9 days. Fecal and nasal virus shedding were first detected by reverse transcription-PCR at PID 3 to 4 and at PID 2 to 4, respectively. After challenge with bovine coronavirus, no diarrhea or virus shedding was detected in calves inoculated with HECV-4408, but a mock-inoculated calf developed diarrhea and fecal and nasal shedding. Fecal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and serum IgG antibodies were first detected at PID 7 and PID 14, respectively. At postchallenge day 7, serum IgG and fecal IgA antibody titers remained the same or increased only twofold compared to prechallenge titers. An additional two gnotobiotic calves were inoculated with HECV-4408 and euthanized at PID 5. Moderate villous atrophy was observed in the small intestines, and viral antigen was detected in villous enterocytes of the small and large intestines by immunohistochemistry. These results support and extend the previous report that HECV-4408 is likely a variant of bovine coronavirus. They confirm its infectivity for calves and complete cross-protection against a bovine coronavirus (DB2 strain) showing 98.2% amino acid identity to HECV-4408 in the S protein.
Nuclear Export of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Vpx Protein
Authors: Singhal Prabhat K. , Rajendra Kumar P. , Subba Rao Malireddi R. K. , Mahalingam Sundarasamy 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT
Lentiviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIVs), and simian immunodeficiency
viruses (SIVs) are distinguished from oncoretroviruses by their ability
to infect nondividing cells such as macrophages. Retroviruses must gain
access to the host cell nucleus for replication and propagation. HIV
and SIV preintegration complexes (PIC) enter nuclei after traversing
the central aqueous channel of the limiting nuclear pore complex
without membrane breakdown. Among the nucleophilic proteins, namely,
matrix, integrase, Vpx, and Vpr, present in HIV type 2/SIV PIC, Vpx is
implicated in nuclear targeting and is also available for incorporation
into budding virions at the plasma membrane. The mechanisms of these
two opposite functions are not known. We demonstrate that Vpx is a
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling protein and contains two novel noncanonical
nuclear import signals and a leptomycin B-sensitive nuclear export
signal. In addition, Vpx interacts with the cellular tyrosine kinase
Fyn through its C-terminal proline-rich motif. Furthermore, our data
indicate that Fyn kinase phosphorylates Vpx and regulates its export
from nucleus. Replacement of conserved tryptophan residues within
domain 41 to 63 and tyrosine residues at positions 66, 69, and 71 in
Vpx impairs its nuclear export, virion incorporation, and SIV
replication in macrophages. Nuclear export is essential to ensure the
availability of Vpx in the cytoplasm for incorporation into virions,
leading to efficient viral replication within nondividing
cells.
Induction of Robust Immune Responses against Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is Supported by the Inherent Tropism of Adeno-Associated Virus Type 5 forDendritic Cells
Authors: Xin Ke-Qin , Mizukami Hiroaki , Urabe Masashi , Toda Yoshihiko , Shinoda Kaori , Yoshida Atsushi , Oomura Kenji , Kojima Yoshitsugu , Ichino Motohide , Klinman Dennis , Ozawa Keiya , Okuda Kenji 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACTThe ability of adeno-associated virus serotype 1 to 8 (AAV1 to AAV8) vectors expressing the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Env gp160 (AAV-HIV) to induce an immune response was evaluated in BALB/c mice. The AAV5 vector showed a higher tropism for both mouse and human dendritic cells (DCs) than did the AAV2 vector, whereas other AAV serotype vectors transduced DCs only poorly. AAV1, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8 were more highly expressed in muscle cells than AAV2. An immunogenicity study of AAV serotypes indicates that AAV1, AAV5, AAV7, and AAV8 vectors expressing the Env gp160 gene induced higher HIV-specific humoral and cell-mediated immune responses than the AAV2 vector did, with the AAV5 vector producing the best responses. Furthermore, mice injected with DCs that had been transduced ex vivo with an AAV5 vector expressing the gp160 gene elicited higher HIV-specific cell-mediated immune responses than did DCs transduced with AAV1 and AAV2 vectors. We also found that AAV vectors produced by HEK293 cells and insect cells elicit similar levels of antigen-specific immune responses. These results demonstrate that the immunogenicity of AAV vectors depends on their tropism for both antigen-presenting cells (such as DCs) and non-antigen-presenting cells (such as muscular cells) and that AAV5 is a better vector than other AAV serotypes. These results may aid in the development of AAV-based vaccine and gene therapy.