bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biology and pathology of nonmyelinating Schwann cells
Authors: Griffin John W. , Thompson Wesley J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe CNS contains relatively few unmyelinated nerve fibers, and thus benefits from the advantages that are conferred by myelination, including faster conduction velocities, lower energy consumption for impulse transmission, and greater stability of point‐to‐point connectivity. In the PNS many fibers or regions of fibers the Schwann do not form myelin. Examples include C fibers nociceptors, postganglionic sympathetic fibers, and the Schwann cells associated with motor nerve terminals at neuromuscular junctions. These examples retain a degree of plasticity and a capacity to sprout collaterally that is unusual in myelinated fibers. Nonmyelin‐forming Schwann cells, including those associated with uninjured fibers, have the capacity to act as the “first responders” to injury or disease in their neighborhoods. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Systematic review of randomized trials for hepatocellular carcinoma treated with percutaneous ablation therapies #
Authors: Cho Yun Ku , Kim Jae Kyun , Kim Mi Young , Rhim Hyunchul , Han Joon Koo 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
According to the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines, percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) is a safe and highly effective treatment for small hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and should be the standard against which any new therapy is compared. The primary purpose of this study was to identify survival benefit of any percutaneous ablation therapy as compared with PEI in the treatment of patients with unresectable HCC. The secondary endpoints were initial tumor response, local tumor progression, and complications. Randomized controlled trials that compared pecutaneous ablative therapies with PEI were included. MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, CANCERLIT, and manual search from 1978 to July 2008 were used. To control the potential heterogeneity, the random effects model of DerSimonian and Laird was used for a meta-analysis. Egger's test was performed to test a potential publication bias. We identified seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs), but only four RCTs including 652 patients that compared radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with PEI met the inclusion criteria to perform a meta-analysis assessing 3-year survival. A meta-analysis of the four RCTs demonstrated a significant improvement in 3-year survival favoring RFA over PEI (odds ratio 0.477, 95% confidence interval 0.340-0.670; P < 0.001). Heterogeneity among the four trials was not significant (Q = 4.586; P= 0.205). Egger's test revealed that the publication bias was not significant (P = 0.647). However, the number of patients included in the analysis was insufficient for a robust meta-analysis of initial tumor response. The definition of local tumor progression or major complication was not unified among the trials included in the meta-analysis. Conclusion: RFA demonstrated significantly improved 3-year survival status for patients with HCC, when compared to PEI. (Hepatology 2008.)
Serum hyaluronic acid with serum ferritin accurately predicts cirrhosis and reduces the need for liver biopsy in C282Y hemochromatosis #
Authors: Crawford Darrell H. G. , Murphy Therese L. , Ramm Louise E. , Fletcher Linda M. , Clouston Andrew D. , Anderson Gregory J. , Subramaniam Nathan V. , Powell Lawrie W. , Ramm Grant A. 
Published: September 2008

Abstract
Diagnosing the presence of cirrhosis is crucial for the management of patients with C282Y hereditary hemochromatosis (HH). HH patients with serum ferritin >1,000 μg/L are at risk of cirrhosis; however, the majority of these patients do not have cirrhosis. Noninvasive markers of hepatic fibrosis may assist in determining which patients with a serum ferritin >1,000 μg/L have cirrhosis and require liver biopsy. This study evaluated the utility of current diagnostic algorithms for detecting cirrhosis, including serum ferritin concentration, platelet counts, and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, in combination with serum markers of fibrosis, hyaluronic acid and collagen type IV (CLIV), in predicting cirrhosis in HH patients. Stage of fibrosis, serum hyaluronic acid and CLIV levels, were measured in 56 patients with HH. No patient with a serum ferritin <1,000 μg/L had cirrhosis, but only 40% of patients with serum ferritin >1,000 μg/L were cirrhotic. A combination of platelet count (<200 × 109/L), elevated AST, and serum ferritin >1,000 μg/L did not detect 30% of cirrhotic subjects. Serum hyaluronic acid was increased in HH compared with controls (42.0 ± 9.8 ng/mL versus 19.3 ± 1.8 ng/mL; P = 0.02). A hyaluronic acid concentration >46.5 ng/mL was 100% sensitive and 100% specific in identifying patients with cirrhosis. In patients with serum ferritin >1,000 μg/L, hyaluronic acid levels were significantly elevated in patients with cirrhosis versus those without cirrhosis (137 ± 34.4 ng/mL versus 18.6 ± 1.5 ng/mL, respectively; P = 0.006). CLIV >113 ng/mL was 100% sensitive but only 56% specific for cirrhosis (area under the curve = 0.78; P = 0.01). Conclusion: In HH, the measurement of hyaluronic acid in patients with serum ferritin >1,000 μg/L is a noninvasive, accurate, and cost-effective method for the diagnosis of cirrhosis. (Hepatology 2009;49:418–425.)
Eight full‐length abelson related gene (Arg) isoforms are constitutively expressed in caki‐1 cell line and cell distribution of two isoforms has been analyzed after transfection
Authors: Bianchi Cristina , Torsello Barbara , Angeloni Valentina , Bombelli Silvia , Soldi Monica , Invernizzi Lara , Brambilla Paola , Perego Roberto A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe human Arg (Abl2) nonreceptor tyrosine kinase has a role in cytoskeletal rearrangements by its C‐terminal F‐actin‐ and microtubule‐binding sequences. We have previously identified Arg transcripts with different 5′‐ and 3′‐ends, named respectively long and short 1A and 1B (1AL, 1AS, 1BL, 1BS) and long and short C‐termini (CTL and CTS), that have different expression patterns in various cell types. The combination of the different ends permits to predict eight putative full‐length Arg transcripts and corresponding proteins. By Reverse Transcription‐Long PCR we show here that all eight full‐length transcripts are endogenously expressed in Caki‐1 cells and the two bands, ≃10 kDa different, shown by 1‐D Western blots of Hek293T and Caki‐1 lysates correspond to the full‐length Arg protein isoforms with different C‐termini. 2‐D Western blot analysis evidenced different high molecular weight and slight acidic specific spots in Hek293T and Caki‐1 lysates. The cellular localization of two Arg isoforms (1BLCTL and 1BLCTS) transfected in Caki‐1 and Hek293T cells was cytoplasmic, and some differences in cytoskeleton interactions have been evidenced. Moreover, in Hek293T cells only the transfected 1BLCTS isoform gives rise to a large intracytoplasmic cylindrical structure containing phalloidin‐positive amorphous actin aggregates. The presence of eight full‐length Arg isoforms with different cellular expression may imply a diverse functional role in normal and neoplastic cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1219–1227, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nuclear receptor profile in calvarial bone cells undergoing osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation
Authors: Pirih Flavia Q. , Abayahoudian Rosette , Elashoff David , Parhami Farhad , Nervina Jeanne M. , Tetradis Sotirios 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNuclear receptors (NRs) are key regulators of cell function and differentiation. We examined NR expression during osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation of primary mouse calvarial osteoblasts (MOBs). MOBs were cultured for 21 days in osteogenic or adipogenic differentiation media. von Kossa and Oil Red O staining, and qRT‐PCR of marker genes and 49 NRs were performed. PCR amplicons were subcloned to establish correct sequences and absolute standard curves. Forty‐three NRs were detected at days 0–21. Uncentered average linkage hierarchical clustering identified four expression clusters: NRs (1) upregulated during osteogenic, but not adipogenic, differentiation, (2) upregulated in both conditions, with greater upregulation during adipogenic differentiation, (3) upregulated equally in both conditions, (4) downregulated during adipogenic, but not osteogenic, differentiation. One‐way ANOVA with contrast revealed 20 NRs upregulated during osteogenic differentiation and 12 NRs upregulated during adipogenic differentiation. Two‐way ANOVA demonstrated that 18 NRs were higher in osteogenic media, while 9 NRs were higher in adipogenic media. The time effect revealed 16 upregulated NRs. The interaction of condition with time revealed 6 NRs with higher expression rate during adipogenic differentiation and 3 NRs with higher expression rate during osteogenic differentiation. Relative NR abundance at days 0 and 21 were ranked. Basal ranking changed at least 5 positions for 13 NRs in osteogenic media and 9 NRs in adipogenic media. Osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation significantly altered NR expression in MOBs. These differences offer a fingerprint of cellular commitment and may provide clues to the underlying mechanisms of osteogenic versus adipogenic differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 105: 1316–1326, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional expression of β2 adrenergic receptors responsible for protection against oxidative stress through promotion of glutathione synthesis after Nrf2 upregulation in undifferentiated mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 stem cells
Authors: Takahata Yoshifumi , Takarada Takeshi , Iemata Mika , Yamamoto Tomomi , Nakamura Yukary , Kodama Ayumi , Yoneda Yukio 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAdrenaline is believed to play a dual role as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and an adrenomedullary hormone in the peripheral tissues. In contrast to accumulating evidence for the involvement in endochondral ossification, osteoblastogenesis, and osteoclastogenesis, little attention has been paid to the role of adrenergic signals in the mechanisms underlying proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells with self‐renewal capacity and multi‐potentiality to differentiate into osteoblast, chondrocyte, adipocyte, and myocyte lineages. Expression of mRNA was seen for different adrenergic receptor (AdR) subtypes, including β2AdR, in the mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 cells and mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells before differentiation. Exposure to adrenaline not only increased cAMP formation, phosphorylation of cAMP responsive element (CRE) binding protein (CREB) on serine133 and CRE reporter activity in a manner sensitive to propranolol, but also rendered C3H10T1/2 cells resistant to the cytotoxicity of hydrogen peroxide, but not of either 2,4‐dinitirophenol or tunicamycin. Adrenaline induced a rapid but transient increase in mRNA expression of the antioxidative gene nuclear factor E2 p45‐related factor‐2 (Nrf2) along with an increase in the cystine/glutamate antiporter subunit xCT mRNA expression. Hydrogen peroxide was less cytotoxic in cells overexpressing Nrf2, moreover, while adrenaline significantly increased xCT promoter activity with an increase in endogenous glutathione levels. These results suggest that adrenaline may selectively protect mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells from oxidative stress through a mechanism related to the promoted biosynthesis of glutathione in association with transient Nrf2 expression after activation of β2AdR. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 268–275, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalytically inactive SHIP2 inhibits proliferation by attenuating pdgf signaling in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes
Authors: Artemenko Yulia , Gagnon AnneMarie , Sorisky Alexander 
Published: September 2008

AbstractInadequate proliferation and/or differentiation of preadipocytes may lead to adipose tissue dysfunction characterized by hypertrophied, insulin‐resistant adipocytes. Platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) may alter adipose tissue function by promoting proliferation of preadipocytes. Two principal signaling pathways that regulate proliferation are PI3K/PI(3,4,5)P3/Akt and Shc/Ras/ERK1/2. SH2 domain‐containing inositol 5‐phosphatase 2 (SHIP2) dephosphorylates PI(3,4,5)P3, and also binds to Shc. Our goal was to determine how SHIP2 affects these PDGF signaling routes. To assess the role of the 5‐phosphatase domain, we expressed wild‐type or catalytically inactive dominant‐negative SHIP2 (P686A‐D690A‐R691A; PDR/AAA) in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes. Surprisingly, SHIP2 PDR/AAA inhibited proliferation more potently than wild‐type SHIP2. After three days of proliferation, phospho‐Akt, phospho‐ERK1/2, and PDGF receptor (PDGFR) levels were reduced in PDR/AAA‐expressing preadipocytes. SHIP2 PDR/AAA interference with PDGFR signaling was demonstrated using imatinib, an inhibitor of PDGFR tyrosine kinase. The anti‐proliferative effect of imatinib observed in control preadipocytes was not significant in SHIP2 PDR/AAA‐expressing preadipocytes, indicating a pre‐existing impairment of PDGFR‐dependent mitogenesis in these cells. The inhibition of PDGF‐activated mitogenic pathways by SHIP2 PDR/AAA was consistent with a decrease in PDGFR phosphorylation caused by a drop in receptor levels in SHIP2 PDR/AAA‐expressing cells. SHIP2 PDR/AAA promoted ubiquitination of the PDGFR and its degradation via the lysosomal pathway independently of the association between the E3 ubiquitin ligase c‐Cbl and PDGFR. Overall, our findings indicate that SHIP2 PDR/AAA reduces preadipocyte proliferation by attenuating PDGFR signaling. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 228–236, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet‐derived growth factor stimulates osteoprotegerin production in osteoblastic cells
Authors: McCarthy Helen S. , Williams John H.H. , Davie Michael W.J. , Marshall Michael J. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a major regulator of osteoclastogenesis, bone resorption and vascular calcification. OPG is produced by various cell types including mesenchymally derived cells, in particular, osteoblastic cells. Here we show OPG production by osteoblastic cells was stimulated by platelet‐derived growth factor (PDGF) in two human osteosarcoma cell lines (MG63, Saos‐2), a mouse pre‐osteoblastic cell line (MC3T3‐E1) and human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSC) by 152%, 197%, 113% and 45% respectively over 24 h. OPG was measured in the cell culture medium by immunoassay. PDGF isoforms AA, BB and AB show similar stimulation of OPG production. Message for OPG was also increased similarly to the increased secretion into the culture medium. Using specific inhibitors of cell signalling we demonstrate that PDGF acts through the PDGF receptor, PKC, PI3K, ERK and P38 and not via NF‐kB or JNK. The importance of PDGF in fracture healing suggests a role for OPG production in countering bone resorption during the early phase of this process. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 350–354, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stromal cell‐derived factor‐1 increase αvβ3 integrin expression and invasion in human chondrosarcoma cells
Authors: Lai Tzu‐Hsiu , Fong Yi‐Chin , Fu Wen‐Mei , Yang Rong‐Sen , Tang Chih‐Hsin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractChondrosarcoma is a type of highly malignant tumor with a potent capacity to invade locally and cause distant metastasis. Chondrosarcoma shows a predilection for metastasis to the lungs. The stromal cell‐derived factor 1 (SDF‐1), constitutively secreted by human lung epithelium cells, has been shown to function in a key role for recruitment of neutrophils. Here, we found that human chondrosarcoma tissues and chondrosarcoma cell lines had significant expression of CXCR4 (SDF‐1 receptor), which was higher than normal cartilage and human chondrocyte. SDF‐1α and lung epithelium cells conditioned medium (LECM) induced the invasiveness of chondrosarcoma cells. SDF‐1 siRNA inhibited LECM‐induced invasion of chondrosarcoma cells and SDF‐1α also directly induced the cell surface expression of αvβ3 but not α2β1 and α5β1 integrin. Activations of ERK and NF‐κB pathways after SDF‐1 treatment was demonstrated, and SDF‐1α‐induced expression of αvβ3 integrin and invasion activity was inhibited by the specific inhibitor and mutant of ERK and NF‐κB cascades. Taken together, our results indicate that lung derived‐SDF‐1α enhances the invasiveness of chondrosarcoma cells by increasing αvβ3 integrin expression through the CXCR4/ERK/NF‐κB signal transduction pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 218: 334–342, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Soil organic‐carbon and total nitrogen stocks as affected by different land uses in Baden‐Württemberg (southwest Germany)
Authors: Chen Haiqing , Marhan Sven , Billen Norbert , Stahr Karl 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRegional direct field measurements of potential response of soil organic‐carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks to different land uses is of great importance for the development of best‐management practices with respect to SOC and TN accumulation in soils of Baden‐Württemberg, SW Germany. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of plow tillage (PT), reduced tillage (RT), and grassland (GL) on soil organic‐C and TN stocks in surface soils. Soils samples from 13 sites of adjacent paired PT, RT, and GL were taken at depths of 0–5, 5–10, and 10–20 cm throughout Baden‐Württemberg. Averaged over the 13 sites, GL had significantly higher SOC concentrations in the 0–5 cm layer and significantly higher TN concentrations in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers, compared with soils under PT. Soils under RT tended to have higher SOC concentrations in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers and higher TN concentrations at all the three depths, compared with soils under PT. Grassland contained significantly higher SOC and TN stocks than soils under PT in the 0–5 and 5–10 cm layers. Soils under RT tended to have higher SOC and TN stocks than soils under PT in all the three layers. Grassland contained 44.5% (14.75 Mg C ha–1) more SOC and 43.5% (1.58 Mg N ha–1) more TN stocks than soils under PT, and soils under RT contained 7.3% (2.7 Mg C ha–1) more SOC and 7.9% (0.29 Mg N ha–1) more TN stocks than soils under PT in the 0–20 cm depth interval, respectively. We estimated that GL accumulated an average 1.27 Mg C ha–1 y–1 and 0.129 Mg N ha–1 y–1 more than soils under PT over an average period of 11 y, whereas soils under RT accumulated 0.32 Mg C ha–1 y–1 and 0.033 Mg N ha–1 y–1 relative to soils under PT in the top 20 cm, respectively. The outcomes of this study are significant for the assessment of C and N sequestration forecasting of land‐use management associated with grassland and reduced tillage in SW Germany.
Monitoring of root‐zone water content in the laboratory by 2D geoelectrical tomography
Authors: Werban Ulrike , Attia al Hagrey Said , Rabbel Wolfgang 
Published: September 2008

AbstractRoot water uptake is one of the essential processes within the soil–plant–atmosphere continuum. We present a method for monitoring soil‐water redistributions due to water uptake by roots. Our aim is to image and monitor diurnal soil‐water redistribution during a small‐scale (centimeter‐to‐decimeter range) indoor experiment and to correlate water content determined by applied geoelectrical time‐lapse imaging techniques with values from single‐point time domain reflectometry (TDR) measurements. This includes establishing pedophysical relationships within the root zone and deriving the water‐content distribution from the electrical‐resistivity model. Using DC geoelectrics of high resolution (970 data points for 220 cm2), we monitored significant spatial heterogeneity of soil moisture with time, whereas no irrigation was applied. Thus, we imaged the high heterogeneity of fluid movements within the soil. We found diurnal variations with high spatial variability of soil water content during the morning and afternoon hours. The water content continuously increased from dawn to noon, whereas the increase started in the near‐surface zone from 1 cm to 3 cm above the main root zone. Between 8:00 a.m. and 10:00 a.m., water content decreases along most of the sections. Water content irregularly decreases and increases during the afternoon. During night time, we observed nearly no changes in soil water content due to the absence of transpiration and subsequently soil‐water redistribution. Most of these diurnal variations in soil water content lie within the intensive root zone, as measurements showed on soil samples excavated from these areas after the experiment.Furthermore, we quantified water content derived from geoelectrical tomography of the monitored area before and after an irrigation event using a geophysical pedotransfer function of Archie, established specifically for the used lupine and the applied physico‐chemical boundary conditions of the experiment. The resulting average water content from 2D geoelectrical tomography agreed well with the values determined by the TDR measurements.
Precipitation of enzymes and organic matter by aluminum—Impacts on carbon mineralization
Authors: Scheel Thorsten , Pritsch Karin , Schloter Michael , Kalbitz Karsten 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe precipitation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) by aluminum (Al) results in a stable soil organic matter (OM) fraction. Extracellular enzymes can also be removed from soil solution by sorption or precipitation, but whether this affects their activity and their importance for carbon (C) mineralization is largely unknown. We studied the activity of eight extracellular enzymes, precipitated by Al together with DOM, in relation to C mineralization of the precipitated OM. Dissolved OM was obtained from the Oi and Oa horizon of two forest soils and precipitated at different Al : C ratios and pH values to achieve a large variation in composition and C mineralization of precipitated OM. All eight enzymes were present in a functional state in precipitated OM. On average 53% of DOM was precipitated, containing on average 17%–41% of the enzyme activity (EA) involved in C degradation (chitinase, cellobiohydrolase, β‐glucosidase, glucuronidase, lacasse, and xylosidase) previously present in soil solution. In contrast, on average only 4%–7% of leucine‐aminopeptidase and acid‐phosphatase activity was found in precipitated OM. The EA found in precipitates significantly increased the percentage of C mineralized of precipitated OM, with a stronger influence of C‐degrading enzymes than enzymes involved in N and P cycling. However, after 8 weeks of incubation the correlations between EA and C mineralization disappeared, despite substantial EA being still present and only 0.5%–7.7% of C mineralized. Thus, degradation of precipitated OM seems to be governed by EA during the first degradation phase, but the long‐term stability of precipitated OM is probably related to its chemical properties.