bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The simplified oscillation method for measuring nasal resistance during provocation with allergens
Authors: BERDEL D. , GAST R. , HUBER B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe simplified oscillation method was adapted to register nasal resistance because complicated and difficult procedures limited other known rhinomanometric tests. An initial study of thirty‐nine subjects compared the effect of different‐sized masks, revealing that the smaller the face mask, the smaller the capacitance and the higher the effective resistance. After an initial measurement, a second study group of twenty healthy and twenty pollinosis patients aged from 4 to 40 years underwent nasal provocation with grass pollen extract. Both study groups showed that despite high resistance, reactances were minor. This occurs because the nose acts as an aperture and an aperture has minimal reactances. With increasing concentrations of pollen extract, the nasal resistance of pollinosis subjects increased steadily, whereas the controls showed no change. Passive anterior rhinomanometry was measured for comparison and results contrasted sharply with the oscillation method: prior to provocation, initial values of control and pollinosis groups were already significantly different; after provocation, there was a statistically significant rise in resistance amongst the control as well as the pollinosis subjects. Further, the oscillation method for measuring nasal resistance proved to be simple, effective, and suitable for children.
Colophony‐induced asthma in a poultry vender
Authors: SO S. Y. , LAM W. K. , YU D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA vender developed an immediate asthmatic reaction while removing feathers from poultry using a heated colophony‐based mixture. Occupational‐type provocation tests confirmed that he reacted to fumes of colophony alone.
The effect of calcium antagonist, nifedipine in exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: PATEL K. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of nifedipine was studied in fifteen patients with exercise‐induced asthma. Nifedipine inhibited the exercise‐induced fall in FEV1 almost completely in four patients, offered partial protection in a further nine patients and had no effect in the remaining two patients. It is suggested that mediator release which is dependent on free calcium ions may play an important role in exercise‐induced asthma and calcium antagonists may inhibit post‐exercise bronchoconstriction by their blocking effect on calcium channels of the mast cells.
The effect of verapamil on histamine and methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction
Authors: PATEL K. R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryCalcium antagonist, verapamil given by inhalation did not alter histamine bronchial hyper‐reactivity in ten patients with extrinsic bronchial asthma and similarly did not modify methacholine‐induced bronchoconstriction in further five patients. In eight non‐asthmatic subjects verapamil reduced histamine sensitivity with increase in PC20H from 8.07(±2.33) to 12.10(±2.71, P < 0.05) but failed to have an effect on methacholine sensitivity in five controls.The failure of inhaled verapamil to modify histamine and methacholine bronchial hyper‐reactivity in asthmatic patients and the beneficial effect of calcium antagonists in exercise asthma suggests that these agents may act predominantly on the mast cell degranulation rather than the bronchial smooth muscle.
An automated particle‐counting immunoassay (PACaIA) for serum IgE
Authors: MAGNUSSON C. G. M. , OLLET‐CASSART D. C , MERRETT T. G. , MASSON P. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTotal IgE was determined in 107 sera using a novel, automated, non‐isotopic immunoassay called PACIA (particle‐counting immunoassay) based on agglutination of anti‐IgE coated latex particles by IgE. The IgE values ranged from 10 to 50 000 iu/ml and were compared with results obtained by a conventional radioimmunoassay (RIA) which used a fast double antibody separation technique the coefficient of correlation was 0.985 and the regression line r = 0‐82 x+ 130.00.PACIA had several advantages over the RIA technique: using a sampling rate of 50.hr. results were obtained in 35 min compared to 16‐20 hr. no labelled IgE was required and the separation step, which relied on measuring the number of non‐agglutinated particles by an optical cell counter, was fully automated. The threshold of sensitivity was 10 iu/ml and the maximal coefficient of variation for between assay precision was 12‐9%.
Allergy to castor bean in The Sudan: measurement of serum IgE and specific IgE antibodies
Authors: KEMENY D. M. , FRANKLAND A. W. , FAHKRI Z. I. , TRULL A. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAllergy to castor bean was diagnosed in thirty‐nine dockworkers from Port Sudan, on the basis of rhinitis and/or asthma provoked by castor bean dust, together with a positive prick test to a high dilution of castor bean extract. These were compared to twelve non‐allergic dockworkers from Port Sudan and forty‐three other Port Sudan residents. The castor bean allergic group had significantly higher IgE levels (mean 902 iu/ml) than the non‐allergic dock workers (mean 245 iu/ml) or the Port Sudan residents (mean 404 iu/ml) P<0.01, IgE antibody to castor bean was detected in all the castor bean‐allergic group, and also in 25‐35% of the Port Sudan resident group, but at a much lower level.No evidence was found to support the view that parasitic infestation (evidenced by IgE antibodies to Ascaris lumbricoides) prevented sensitization to castor bean or any other allergen. There was a higher incidence of IgE antibodies to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus in the castor bean‐allergic dockworkers (18/36) than in the non‐allergic Port Sudan residents (5/43), although we were unable to show that sensitivity to other inhalant allergens pre‐disposed to castor bean allergy.
Oxatomide in the management of hay fever–a placebo‐controlled double‐blind study in general practice
Authors: WOOD S. F. , BARBER J. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixty‐three patients completed a double‐blind placebo‐controlled study of oral oxatomide (30 mg t.d.s.) in the management of seasonal allergic rhinitis and/or conjunctivitis. Hay fever symptom scores were significantly lower for oxatomide‐treated patients than for the placebo group on the majority of days during periods of high pollen counts. Moreover, on days when pollen counts were 10/m3 or more, a statistically significant positive correlation between symptom score and pollen count was demonstrated for the placebo group but not for the oxatomide group. Oxatomide also appeared to be superior to placebo in terms of patients' requirements for supplementary mepyramine (Anthisan) tablets, and the doctor's global assessment. Side‐effects were reported by four patients in the oxatomide group and by three receiving placebo.
IgE responses to environmental antigens in atopic children
Authors: HILL D. J. , BALLOCH A. , HOSKING C. S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe levels of IgE antibodies to inhaled and dietary antigens and total serum IgG, IgA, IgM and IgE were studied in two highly selected populations of children who had either severe asthma and no history of eczema, or severe asthma and generalized eczema. These populations were age‐matched with a healthy control population. The results showed that the eczematous children had significantly higher levels of IgE antibodies to common environmental antigens than the non‐eczematous patients with severe asthma. Both patient groups had significantly higher IgE antigen specific antibody levels than the control population to these antigens. Minor differences in total IgG, IgA and IgM levels were noted between the groups. The variations in total IgE levels between the groups showed the same pattern as for specific IgE antibodies.
Prevention of asthma
Authors: KAUFMAN H. S. , FRICK O. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryInfants born of allergic mothers but normal fathers, who had eczema and who were fed cows' milk, had a significantly greater incidence of asthma (P < 0.001) than infants with a similar history but who were breast‐fed. An analysis of all breast‐fed infants in the study showed that they were less likely to develop asthma than those who were bottle‐fed (P < 0.06).There was a lower incidence of allergy in infants born of families with allergic mothers and normal fathers, than in families in which both parents were allergic (P < 0.02).In skin tests of both breast or bottle‐fed babies, the two most common allergens eliciting reactions were egg and cat dander.
Autoantibodies in cystic fibrosis
Authors: HODSON MARGARET E. , TURNER‐WARWICK MARGARET 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAutoantibodies to smooth muscle were found more frequently (21%) in the sera of patients with cystic fibrosis than in age‐ and sex‐matched controls. This appears to be associated with liver involvement. There was no increase in the frequency of occurrence of antibodies to ‘reticulin’ or cell nuclei in the sera of patients with cystic fibrosis.
Atopy and cystic fibrosis
Authors: REEN D. J. , CARSON J. , MAGUIRE O. , FITZGERALD M. X. , TEMPANY E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have investigated the prevalence of atopy within families of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients and compared its frequence in CF patients, their parents and their non‐CF siblings. By studying families with two CF patients it was also possible to evaluate the factors influencing the development of atopy in one CF patient relative to the other patient within the same family. A significant correlation with age (P < 0.001) for skin test positivity to common allergens within CF sibling pairs was observed. In 14/18 families studied, only the older CF patient was atopic. The presence of atopy in CF patients was independent of the atopic status of their parents.
Comparison of oral and inhaled metaproterenol for prevention of exercise‐induced asthma
Authors: KÖNIG P. , EGGLESTON P. A. , SERBY C. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effectiveness of inhaled versus oral metaproterenol in preventing exercise‐induced asthma (EIA) was studied.Inhaled metaproterenol given 10 min before the exercise significantly reduced the degree of EIA in a group of twenty‐four patients, and in 75% of them completely prevented it. The mean percentage decrease in FEV1 was 6‐5% with the inhaler and 30.1%, with placebo. When inhaled 1 hr before the exercise, metaproterenol was still better than placebo but its effectiveness was considerably lower. Metaproterenol tablets had a slight protective effect given I hr before, and none when administered 2 hr before exercise.There was no correlation between the protective effect against EIA and the bronchodilating effect obtained before exercise. Metaproterenol administered by metered‐dose inhaler is a very effective prophylactic medication against clinically troublesome EIA, while metaproterenol tablets should not be recommended for this purpose.
Staphylococcal and human dander IgE antibodies in superinfected atopic dermatitis
Authors: HENOCQ E. , HEWITT B. , GUERIN B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTen patients (Group 1) with Staphylococcus aureus superinfected atopic dermatitis (SAD) were compared with three control groups without SAD. One control group (Group 2) was comprised of ten atopic patients with total IgE levels of > 1000 u/ml, another control group, of six atopic patients (Group 3) with total IgE levels of < 1000. u/ml and a third group, often non‐atopics (Group 4), five of whom were infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Total and specific anti‐staphylococcal IgE levels and anti‐human dander IgE were high in Group 1. Specific IgE levels to S. aureus were slightly increased in some Group 2 patients but were normal (< 7%) for Group 3. No specific IgE to human dander antigen was detected in either Group 2 or Group 3.In the non‐atopic control group (Group 4), six out of ten patients had both low total, and specific IgE antibodies to both Staphylococcal, and human dander antigens. Two had increased total IgE and specific anti‐staphylococcal IgE antibodies, and two more with a severe, chronic infection, also had anti‐staphylococcal IgE antibodies.In SAD patients, a good correlation was seen between cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity and high specific IgE antibodies against Staphylococcal and human dander allergens. Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to Staphylococcal antigen were negative or poorly positive in the SAD group by comparison to controls.A paradoxical anaphylactic type of response to the offending bacterial agent in SAD patients, associated with ‘auto‐atopy’ to human dander, is discussed.
Ligand binding properties of the basophilic IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals
Authors: WEICHMAN B. M. , MUCCITELLI ROSEANNA M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe interaction of [125I]‐human myeloma IgE with the human basophilic IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals was quantitated by direct ligand binding analysis after removal of endogenous IgE. Using a mixed leucocyte preparation containing 2 to 5% basophils, the [125I]‐IgE binding was specific for human IgE, paralleled the presence of basophils in the cell preparation, and was described by a time course similar to that reported for passive sensitization experiments. The Kd values were 4.0 to 13.2 nM for the normal individuals with 1.5 to 8.4 × 105 receptors per basophil, while the IgE receptor of allergic individuals was described by Kd values of 4.2 to 11.7 nM and 3.0 to 4.7 × 105 sites per basophil. Based upon the eleven individuals studied, these results suggest that the binding properties of the IgE receptor of normal and allergic individuals are similar.
Polymorph function in asthma
Authors: FAULKNER J. , THOMPSON R. A. , MORRISON‐SMITH J. 
Published: April 2006

Summary In vitro polymorph movement, phagocytosis and bactericidal activity were compared in asthmatics, patients with bacterial infection and control subjects. No gross defects were observed, but statistical analysis indicated that asthmatics have depressed polymorph movement (P>0.05) and lower augmentation of an intracellular enzyme activity (NBT reduction), associated with bactericidal function (P>0–01). As expected, polymorphs from patients with bacterial infection are capable of increased NBT reduction (P>0.001).Correlations between a wide range of clinical and laboratory data were also performed by computer analysis. Among significant findings were indications that atopic extrinsic asthmatics, in comparison with intrinsic asthmatics, have raised unstimulated NBT activity (P>0.05) and lower augmentation in response to endotoxin (P<0.05), as well as increased IgE and cosinophil counts (P< 0.002). These findings suggest that in extrinsic asthmatics there may be some impairment of polymorph function which would account for an increased tendency to respiratory infections or to a prolonged recovery from such infections.
Beneficial effects of propylene and polyethylene glycol and saline in the treatment of perennial rhinitis
Authors: SPECTOR S. L. , TOSHENER D. , GAY I. , ROSENMAN E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAlthough propylene‐and‐polyethylene‐glycol and saline have been used in clinical studies as placebos, their possible therapeutic role as welling agents in the treatment of perennial rhinitis was investigated. Clinical and laboratory response to these agents was measured in eighteen patients during a 2‐week baseline period and with 4 weeks of active treatment in a double blind randomized study. After 2 and 4 weeks there was a significant improvement compared to baseline in nasal function (P<0.05) and blockage index (P<0.01) combining both groups, with no difference between treatments. Patients had less sneezing at 2 and 4 weeks (P< 0.01), and less stuffiness at 4 weeks (P< 0.01). There was a significant correlation between improvement in blockage index and nasal biopsies when both were judged independently of the other. This study has demonstrated that wetting agents offer both subjective and objective improvement in the treatment of perennial rhinitis and merit consideration prior to (or along with) other agents with known systemic side effects.
Abuse of salbutamol inhalers in young people
Authors: PRATT HELENOR F. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhen children wheeze Would no one please provide their medicine blindly: for this might ease their young demise and that would be unkindly.Excessive use of salbutamol inhalers is described in two young people with asthma, a girl and a boy both aged 15 years. These cases and others quoted indicate that dependence on pressurized aerosol bronchodilators can and does occur in young people. Known side‐effects of salbutamol are described. Where over‐usage occurs a state of diminished airways response seems to result: it is also possible that the convulsions which occurred in one case may be related to such abuse. Responsibility for the provision and use of these inhalers in young people is discussed and suggestions made towards their greater control.
Diagnostic significance of late cutaneous allergic responses and their correlation with radioallergosorbent test
Authors: AGARWAL K. , ZETTERSTRÖM O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to study the clinical significance of late cutaneous allergic responses 178 intracutaneous tests were done on the forearm of forty‐three allergic patients with perennial allergy and twelve patients with pollen allergy. The allergen concentration was chosen to give a moderate immediate response with a weal diameter of about 15 mm. Late cutaneous allergic responses (LCAR) were elicited in eighty‐two intracu‐taneous tests in thirty‐one patients with perennial allergy and in nine intracutaneous tests in eight patients with pollen allergy, with almost all the allergens Frequently responsible for allergy in this area. Their occurrence was found to be related to the size of the immediate reaction. Almost all the patients showing LCAR had positive provocation tests and were clinically sensitive to the corresponding allergen.
The role of basophils in asthma
Authors: CHURCH M. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe increased plasma‐histamine levels observed after provocation of asthmatic subjects with antigen or exercise may result from the release of this granule‐associated mediator from either mast cells or basophil leucocytes. In this preliminary study. designed to ilucidate the source and role of mediators in asthma, the effects of sodium cromoglycate on basophil‐histamine release has been assessed, Basophil histamine‐release in vitro was not inhibited by 0.01‐100 μg/ml sodium cromoglycate. When administered by inhalation at a dose of 20 mg every 8 hr to six subjects, the drug did not modify the ability of basophils lo synthesize and store histamine or to release histamine on incubation with antigen. As sodium cromoglycate reduces IgE‐dependent histamine release from human mast‐cells, these results suggest that lung mast‐cells, rather than circulating basophils, are source of mediators in exacerbations of asthma and following exercise or antigen bronchial‐provocation in asthmatic subjects.
Specific IgE antibodies in workers with occupational asthma due to western red cedar
Authors: TSE K. S. , CHAN H. , CHAN‐YEUNG MOIRA 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe presence of specific IgE antibodies in the serum of patients with occupational asthma resulting from exposure to western red cedar (RCA) was studied by a radioallergosorbent test (RAST). The antigen matrix used in the RAST was either a conjugate of Sepharose particles with antigens in a crude cedar extract or with plicatic acid, the major haptenic component of cedar antigens. Of eighteen patients with clinical RCA and positive reaction to antigenic bronchoprovocation, eight were found to have abnormal RAST values. By appropriate absorption experiments, the serum RAST activity was shown to represent cedar antigen‐specific IgE antibodies. No significant RAST activity was detected in the serum specimens from sixteen control subjects or from ten patients with negative bronchoprovocation‐reaction to antigenic challenge. These results suggest that IgE antibody‐mediated allergic reaction may be an important pathogenetic factor in RCA.
Cross‐reactivity between Acacia (wattle) and rye grass pollen allergens
Authors: HOWLETT B. J. , HILL D. J. , KNOX R. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunoglobulin E (IgE), directed against components of Acacia (wattle) pollen, has been detected by radioallergosorbent tests (RAST) in the sera of some children and adults who develop allergic symptoms in the presence of flowering Acacia trees in Australia. All these subjects also had high levels of IgE directed against Lolium perenne (rye grass) pollen. Inhibition by RAST showed that most of the IgE molecules which bound to Acacia pollen components also bound to L. perenne pollen extracts, and to Glycoprotein I, the major allergen of L. perenne pollen. In these assays, the allergens have been immobilized on polyvinyl chloride microtitre trays: the sensitivity of this approach is compared to that of commercial RAST kits.
Site of action of inhaled histamine in asymptomatic asthmatic patients
Authors: SCANO G. , STENDARDI L. , BRACAMONTE M. , de COSTER A. , SERGYSELS R. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHistamine inhalation provocation‐tests were performed in twenty‐two young asthmatics with normal lung‐function tests with progressive, increasing doses of a pressurized aerosol of histamine phosphate. Airway resistances (Raw) and N2 washout‐curves were recorded. Two different types of response have been observed: (1) in thirteen cases, there was an increase of both flaw and the N2 phase III slope; and (2) in eight cases, there was only an increase in Raw (in one subject there was an increase in the N2 phase III slope only). Comparing the two groups of patients there was no difference in the inhalation procedure, the dose of histamine delivered or the smoking habits and lung‐function data, except a slightly higher residual volume/total lung capacity (RV/TLC) ratio in the first group. The histamine‐induced changes could not be related to any of the control lung‐function data. We conclude that histamine inhalation may induce either peripheral bronchoconstriction only, or central broncho‐constriction with or without peripheral bronchoconstriction. A local and/or peripheral vagal‐mediated bronchoconstrictor effect could account for the different site of airway response.
Prophylactic antihistamines in the management of radiographic contrast reactions
Authors: SMALL P. , SATIN R. , PALAYEW M. J. , HYAMS B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo hundred and twenty consecutive patients, referred for intravenous pyelography, weré assessed for adverse reactions. The effect of prophylactic antihistamines was evaluated. Patients were divided randomly into control, saline or chlorpheniramine treated groups. Changes in serum total haemolytic complement (CH50) and immune complexes (IC) at times 0, 1, 5, 10 and 20 min after injection of radiocontrast material were assayed. Forty‐two of the 220 patients suffered reactions, classified clinically into allergic and non‐allergic types.There was no difference in the incidence of allergic reactions between control and saline groups. However, significantly less (P < 0.05) allergic reactions were noted in the antihistamine pre‐treatment group. Depressed CH50 occurred in forty‐three, of eighty‐eight patients tested and persisted for at least 20 min in twenty‐two. There was no correlation between CH50 depressions and clinical symptoms. The IC remained unchanged throughout. In conclusion, prophylactic antihistamines may diminish the incidence of allergic reactions. Complement activation occurs in a large number of patients, unrelated to symptomatology, and does not appear to be the only factor responsible for adverse reactions.