bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Remission and Resurgence of Anxiety‐Like Behavior Across Protracted Withdrawal Stages in Ethanol‐Dependent Rats
Authors: Zhao Yu , Weiss Friedbert , Zorrilla Eric P. 
Published: July 2007

Background:  Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder in which withdrawal symptoms often persist after detoxification. The purpose of the present experiment was to characterize susceptibility to stress and anxiogenic stimuli in rats over an extended time period following ethanol withdrawal.Methods:  Male Wistar rats were made dependent via ethanol vapor exposure. The rats were then tested in the elevated plus‐maze during acute ethanol withdrawal (ACW, ∼8 hour), early “protracted” withdrawal (EPW, 2 weeks), or late “protracted” withdrawal (LPW, 6, 12 weeks) following brief restraint or no stress. Principal components analysis was used to identify constructs underlying plus‐maze behavior.Results:  Three factors characterized plus‐maze performance: anxiety, locomotor activity, and risk assessment/decision making. Spontaneous anxiety‐like behavior was increased during ACW, decreased to levels of ethanol‐naïve controls during EPW, but markedly resurged during LPW. Withdrawal did not alter sensitivity to the anxiety‐like effects of restraint stress. All ethanol‐dependent rats showed locomotor hypoactivity that, in contrast to anxiety, remained stable throughout all withdrawal stages. Neither ethanol withdrawal nor restraint stress altered mean “risk assessment/decision making” scores, though ethanol withdrawal altered the emission of “risk assessment/decision making” behavior in relation to anxiety‐like behavior and behavioral activation state.Conclusions:  The findings illustrate and model the spontaneous, severe, and long‐lasting nature of behavioral abnormalities that accompany withdrawal from chronic, intermittent ethanol intoxication. The dynamic remission and resurgence in symptoms of negative affect (i.e., behavioral signs of anxiety) during “protracted” withdrawal may complicate recovery from alcoholism.
Blood HDL Cholesterol Levels Influence Association of Alcohol Intake With Blood Pressure in Young Men But Not in Middle‐Aged Men
Authors: Wakabayashi Ichiro 
Published: July 2007

Background: Both blood pressure and HDL cholesterol are affected by alcohol drinking. However, it has not been determined whether association of alcohol drinking with blood pressure varies depending on blood HDL level.Methods: The subjects were male workers aged 20 to 29 year and 50 to 59 year (n = 21,301), representing young and middle ages, respectively, who had received periodic health checkup examinations. The subjects were divided into tertile groups by serum HDL level, and they were further divided into 3 subgroups based on the average daily alcohol intake [nondrinkers, light drinkers (<30 g of ethanol per day) and heavy drinkers (30 g or more of ethanol per day)]. Blood pressure and incidence of high blood pressure were compared among the 3 alcohol subgroups in each age and HDL group.Results: In the lowest HDL tertile of 20 to 29‐year‐old subjects, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and incidences of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were not significantly different among the 3 alcohol subgroups. In the middle and highest HDL tertiles of the twenties age group, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers, and incidences of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers. On the other hand, in all HDL tertile groups of 50 to 59‐year‐old subjects, blood pressure was significantly higher in light drinkers and heavy drinkers than in nondrinkers, and incidences of high systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly higher in drinkers than in nondrinkers.Conclusions: The results suggest that blood pressure of middle‐aged men is elevated by alcohol drinking independently of blood HDL level and is more sensitive to drinking than is blood pressure of young men.
The Problem of a Transcendent God for the Well‐Being of Continuous Creation
Authors: Bauman Whitney 
Published: July 2007

Abstract:This year marks the 30th Anniversary of Lynn White's critique of Christianity, which set off the field of eco‐theology. At that time, apologetic theologians responded to the White critique, that the Genesis “dominion” command is largely responsible for the contemporary ecological crisis, through reformulating Christian doctrines to address ecological issues. These pioneers have brought us a long way in terms of addressing both how Christianity has been responsible in supporting harmful human‐earth relations and what resources within the tradition might be useful for addressing the contemporary ecological crisis. Building on this work, this article suggests that Christian theology (whether eco or not) will continue to support an understanding of the human being as rooted “outside of creation” as long as the concept of a transcendent, Omni, Creator‐God is left intact. In place of this theological discourse of transcendence which secularizes the natural realm, I suggest a “radical materialist” (Val Plumwood) understanding of Christianity that moves between idealism and reductive materialism (both are forms of transcendence) through a “planetary” (Spivak) understanding of Creation and a “bio‐historical” (Gordon Kaufman) understanding of anthropology.
Contributions of social context to inequality in dental caries: a multilevel analysis of Japanese 3‐year‐old children
Authors: Aida J. , Ando Y. , Oosaka M. , Niimi K. , Morita M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract – Background: Community context as well as individual health behavior affects oral health status. However, the contribution of social context to dental caries among people in various regions remains unclear when individual health behavior is taken into account.Objectives: To determine the influence of community context on dmft among 3‐year‐old children.Methods: After all Japanese municipalities (n = 2522) had been stratified into nine regions with three caries levels, 44 municipalities were randomly selected. Community health service workers were asked to collect information on sociodemographic characteristics, oral health‐related behavior, and dental condition for 3‐year‐old children during community dental health check‐ups. Community‐related variables, including socioeconomic status, social support, and social cohesion, were obtained from census data. Multilevel analysis was used to determine the effects of social context and individual behavior on dental caries.Results: A total of 3301 parents (79.9%) of 3‐year‐old children from 39 municipalities participated in our survey, and complete information was obtained from 3086 of them. Results of the analysis showed that 90.8% (P < 0.001) of variance in dmft occurred at the individual level and that 9.2% (P < 0.001) of the variance occurred at the community level. Individual‐level variables explained only 6.6% of the individual level variance in dmft. Community‐level variables explained 47.2% of the community level variance.Conclusions: There are statistically significant effects of social context on dmft in municipalities in Japan.
Management of the severe cleft and syndromic midface hypoplasia
Authors: Figueroa AA , Polley JW 
Published: July 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Figueroa AA, Polley JWDistraction Osteogenesis (DO) has become a treatment alternative to treat severe craniofacial skeletal dysplasias. A rigid external distraction (RED) device has been successfully used to advance the maxilla as well as the maxillary, orbital and forehead complex (monobloc) in children as young as two years, adolescents and adults. This approach has provided predictable and stable results. It can be applied by itself or as an adjunct to traditional orthognathic and craniofacial surgical procedures.The technical aspects, including planning, surgical and orthodontic procedures, required to properly apply the technique are presented. For this severe group of patients the technique has been found to be simpler and safer than traditional surgical methods. Maxillary and midfacial advancement through distraction has been found to be extremely stable in the patients in whom the technique was used. The reasons for stability are discussed as well as the observed morphologic changes in the facial soft tissues, velopharyngeal mechanism and airway. However, challenges remain to be solved to improve all distraction techniques and the need for collaboration between researchers and clinicians is emphasized to maximize the benefits of this already promising and rewarding approach.
Genetic analysis of non‐syndromic craniosynostosis
Authors: Boyadjiev SA ,   for the International Craniosynostosis Consortium
Published: July 2007

Structured AbstractAuthors –  Simeon A. BoyadjievCraniosynostosis is a common malformation occurring in 3–5 per 10 000 live births. Most often craniosynostosis occurs as an isolated (i.e. non‐syndromic) anomaly. Non‐syndromic craniosynostosis (NSC) is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous condition that has the characteristics of a multifactorial trait. It is believed that each sutural synostosis (e.g. sagittal, coronal) represents a different disease. Significant progress has been made in understanding the clinical and molecular aspects of monogenic syndromic craniosynostosis. However, the phenotypic characterization of NSC is incomplete and its causes remain unknown. This review summarizes the available knowledge on NSC and presents a systematic approach aimed at the identification of genetic and non‐genetic factors contributing to the risk of this common craniofacial defect.
Epidemiology underpinning research in the aetiology of orofacial clefts*
Authors: Mossey Peter 
Published: July 2007

Structured AbstractAuthor – Mossey PIntroduction – Epidemiological information gathered through birth defects surveillance is an important adjunct to carrying out clinical and aetiological research. Information on the incidence in the population, causative risk factors and providing baseline data prior to intervention are all important elements. Under the auspices of the World Health Organisation, it was agreed that a global registry and database on craniofacial anomalies should be created and this, the International Database on Craniofacial Anomalies (ICDFA) was designed to gather information on craniofacial abnormalities from existing birth defects registries and databases around the world to become a resource underpinning research. There are currently 62 registries covering 2 million births per year contributing to a database along with information on the size and type of studies used to collect the information, any variation in ascertainment and on the inclusion of syndromes and associated abnormalities.Generation of hypotheses – From the epidemiological data collected it is possible to carry out meta‐analysis and to search for trends and consistencies in the data that enable hypothesis to be generated. Issues such as geographical distribution, ethnicity, gender, associated abnormalities and clefts in stillbirths can all be examined in a meta‐analytical approach. Collection of information on risk factors such as maternal illnesses, medications, lifestyle factors, nutrition and perhaps occupational exposures enables investigation into environmental contribution to causality and genetic predisposition. A range of techniques are currently being used to identify new candidate genes and ultimately it will be necessary to test genetic and environmental hypothesis in the context of human population studies.Conclusions – It is only by consistency of association between different populations with different gene pools and maternal exposures, lifestyles, nutrition etc that conclusive evidence regarding causality will be found. It is therefore essential, and a major objective of the WHO that international multicentre collaborative studies are setup to gather the appropriate evidence and improve knowledge and the cause of birth defects in general and orofacial clefts in particular, with the ultimate humanitarian and scientific objective of the WHO being primary prevention.Clinical utility and implications – This IDCFA project fulfils three basic objectives namely to enable global surveillance of CFA; to create online access to those who wish to contribute to the IDCFA, and to develop an online directory of resources on craniofacial anomalies for the support of research and improving quality of care. The next sttif for IPDTOC are to expand the number of participating registries and to actively collect data on other craniofacial birth defects.
A comparison of diabetic foot ulcer outcomes using negative pressure wound therapy versus historical standard of care
Authors: Lavery Lawrence A , Boulton Andrew J , Niezgoda Jeffrey A , Sheehan Peter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are a leading cause of morbidity and hospitalisation among patients with diabetes. We analysed claims data for Medicare part B diabetic foot ulcer patients treated with Negative Pressure Wound Therapy at home (N = 1135) and diabetic foot ulcer patients from a published meta‐analysis of randomised controlled wet‐to‐moist therapy. The expected costs of care for the two treatments were also compared. A significantly greater proportion of wounds treated with NPWT achieved a successful treatment endpoint compared with wet‐to‐moist therapy at both 12 weeks (39·5% versus 23·9%; P < 0·001) and 20 weeks (46·3% versus 32·8%; P < 0·001). NPWT‐treated patients reached a successful wound treatment endpoint more rapidly, and the benefit was apparent in all wound sizes. Expected 20‐week treatment costs for NPWT were similar to those for wet‐to‐moist therapy if one nursing visit per day for the latter is assumed but 42% less if two nursing visits per day are made. Thus, NPWT may improve the proportion of DFUs that attain a successful wound treatment endpoint and decrease resource utilisation by a given health care system compared with standard wet‐to‐moist therapy.
Carvedilol Increases Copper‐Zinc Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Kastratović Dragana A. , Vasiljević Zorana M. , Spasić Mihajlo B. , Perunicić Jovan P. , Matić Mihajlo , Blagojević Dusko P. , Mijalković Dejan N. , Antonijević Nebojsa M. , Marković Srdjan Z. , Gojković‐Bukarica Ljiljana , Stojiljkovic Milos P. , Lasica Ratko M. , Jones David R. , Nikolić‐Kokić Aleksandra L. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract: Balanced and coordinated antioxidant defence enzyme activities are of utmost importance for correct physiological function and for shielding against unwelcome pathological conditions. We determined the activities of copper‐zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase in erythrocytes isolated from patients receiving different therapy (streptokinase alone or in combination with metoprolol or with carvedilol) for up to 168 hr after starting treatment for acute myocardial infarction. We observed increased CuZnSOD activity in erythrocytes isolated from patients treated with streptokinase‐carvedilol (after 6, 24 and 168 hr) and in erythrocytes isolated from patients treated with streptokinase‐metoprolol (after 24 hr). In addition, positive correlation between CuZnSOD and catalase activities was found in erythrocytes isolated from patients that received streptokinase‐carvedilol after 168 hr. As metoprolol does not react directly with hydrogen peroxide, it would appear that combined streptokinase‐metoprolol therapy exerted its effects primarily via by β‐blockade whereas combined streptokinase‐carvedilol therapy appeared to function via both β‐blockade and direct antioxidant mechanisms.
Relationship Between Female Sexual Difficulties and Mental Health in Patients Referred to Two Public and Private Settings in Tehran, Iran
Authors: Azar Mahyar , Noohi Sima , Shafiee Kandjani Ali Reza 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Sexual difficulty has various effects on patients suffering from this condition that can impact on interpersonal and marital relationships. Sexual function may be adversely affected by stress of any kind and emotional disorders. There have been limited studies focusing on the mental health of those suffering from this problem.

Aim
To determine the relationship between sexual difficulties and mental health in female patients seeking help in psychiatric clinics.

Methods
The study was based on the case–control design methodology in which the case group consisted of 165 outpatients of two psychiatric clinics, who were diagnosed with different mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, phobia, aggression, and somatic complaints (33 subjects for each type of disorder). The 33 subjects in the control group were chosen among the patients’ relatives and visitors who had no history of either seeking psychiatric help or taking psychiatric drugs. The subjects of both case and control groups were selected based on a convenience sampling method. Moreover, the data were collected based on two techniques of “interview” and “questionnaire;” the latter was of three different subcategories, each dealt with demographic characteristics, sexual difficulties, and a Symptom Check-List-90-Revised.

Main Outcome Measure
Assessing female sexual difficulties associated with mental health and differences between women with and without psychiatric problems.

Results
The obtained results indicated that there was a significant difference between the prevalence of sexual difficulties (e.g., sexual desire and orgasm disorders) in the case group and that of the control group. It was also revealed that there was a significant difference between the depressed, aggressive, as well as those with somatic complaints, and their control group counterparts.

Conclusions
In Iran, sexual difficulties seem to be more frequent in those seeking psychiatric help in clinics than in those within the normal population.
Treatment Satisfaction with Sildenafil in a Canadian Real-Life Setting. A 6-Month Prospective Observational Study of Primary Care Practices
Authors: Carrier Serge , Brock Gerald , Casey Richard , Tarride Jean-Eric , Elliott Stacey , Dugré Hélène , Rousseau Catherine , D'Angelo Pina , Defoy Isabelle 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
While the efficacy of sildenafil for the management of erectile dysfunction (ED) has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, few data exist on its effectiveness in a real-life setting.

Aim
The objective of this study was to examine the treatment satisfaction and effectiveness with sildenafil in a real-life setting in Canada.

Methods
A multicenter, prospective study, using an educational program aimed at optimizing sildenafil treatment, was conducted at 231 primary care sites across Canada. Patients who received their first prescription of sildenafil for ED within the usual practice of medicine were invited to participate in the study. Data were collected through patient self-administered questionnaires.

Main Outcome Measures
The Sexual Health Inventory for Men (SHIM) questionnaire was used to determine the erectile function at baseline, month 3 and month 6. Treatment satisfaction at months 3 and 6 was assessed using the Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) questionnaire.

Results
The intent-to-treat population consisted of 2,573 patients. The mean age was 55 years (18 to 92 years). At baseline, the mean SHIM score was 11.9 with 21.7% of men having severe ED, 22.9% moderate ED, 36.5% mild-to-moderate ED, and 16.9% mild ED. At month 3, the mean SHIM score improved significantly to 18.0 (P  &lt; 0.0001) and 33.3% of patients had a SHIM score above 21 (no ED). At 6 months, the mean SHIM score was 18.7. At both months 3 and 6, approximately 89% of patients were satisfied with their treatment (i.e., EDITS score ≥ 50), suggesting no attenuation of the satisfaction over the 6 months of use.

Conclusions
The effectiveness of sildenafil in the management of ED was demonstrated in a large cohort of men treated in a primary care setting in this Canadian real-life study. Persistence with therapy and lack of attenuation over time among the vast majority of men was shown.
Crural Tunica Albuginea Autograft for Corporoplasty: An Experimental Animal Study of Hemodynamic, Histopathological, and Molecular Effects in the Long Term
Authors: Seyam Raouf M. , Mokhtar Alaa A. , Chishti Muhammad A. , Ahmed Maqbool , Mourad Walid A. , El-Sayed Raafat , Hanash Kamal A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Correction of penile deformity caused by Peyronie's disease by a variety of grafts varies in success. A long-term follow-up shows a significant number of graft scarring and erectile dysfunction. The clinical success of autologous crural tunica albuginea graft (TAG) has not resulted in wide application.

Aim
To identify in healthy baboons the limitations and merits of autologous crural TAG over 1 year in a way difficult to pursue in humans.

Methods
Under general anesthesia, eight sexually active adult baboons underwent pharmacological cavernosometry (CM) and cavernosography. TAG from crus was implanted in the distal penile shaft. After 6 months, six animals were reevaluated and two were sacrificed, and the penises were excised. After 1 year, the remaining six animals were evaluated and sacrificed. The TAG and underlying corpus cavernosum (CC) were examined histologically and by Western blot analysis for nitric oxide synthase (NOS), neuronal (nNOS), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) isoforms, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1).

Main Outcome Measures
Sexual activity, CM, cavernosography, histopathology, and Western blot analysis.

Results
All animals resumed normal sexual activity 1 month postsurgery. Cavernous pressure was comparable before, at 6 months, and 1 year after surgery. A cavernovenous insufficiency developed in four animals at 6 months, and ceased in two at 1 year. Penile angulation (&lt;20°) was seen in three animals at 6 months, and an additional two at 1 year. Histologically, TAG was indistinguishable from the adjacent tunica with no fibrosis. In CC, iNOS and nNOS decreased at 1 year, whereas there was no change in TGF-β1 levels. In TAG, there was no significant change in TGF-β1 and eNOS levels, but there was a significant decrease in iNOS at 1 year.

Conclusions
Autologous free TAG is associated with normal sexual activity, minimal hemodynamic changes, excellent histological outcome, and no rise in iNOS or TGF-β1. However, cavernovenous insufficiency, mild penile angulation, and decreased nNOS persisted at 1 year.
Changes in root development of Arabidopsis promoted by organic matter from oxisols
Authors: Dobbss L.B. , Medici L.O. , Peres L.E.P. , Pino‐Nunes L.E. , Rumjanek V.M. , Façanha A.R. , Canellas L.P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe presence of ramified and abundant lateral roots is fundamental to plant growth on highly weathered soils. In this work, the effects of humic acid (HA), fulvic acid and hexanic–methanolic (HM) extract, after alkaline extraction from topsoil of seven different oxisols, on the development of roots of Arabidopsis thaliana was evaluated. Furthermore, we used another emergent plant model, that is, micro‐tom (MT) tomatoes with size similar to that of Arabidopsis to test the effects of HA. It was observed that both humic fractions and the HM extract were able to change the root development, improving the number of lateral roots and their development in comparison to control plants. The promotion of root growth by the three organic matter fractions was higher than that observed by 10−6 mol L−1 indole acetic acid. The treatment of MT tomato mutant, less sensitive to auxin, with HA did not promote the emergence of lateral roots, being an additional indication of auxin‐like activities of HA. However, some organic matter fractions exhibited, besides promotion of lateral roots number, increase in the length of principal root, which is not a typical auxin effect, indicating that these substances could contain other physiologically active substances.