bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical observations in acute neurology: A historical explanation of the present
Authors: Wijdicks Eelco F. M. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe history of the development of acute neurologic disease as a biologic mechanism is of interest. Equally important is how it translated to the bedside and how the clinical examination differentiated itself.MethodsThis paper reviews primary sources pertaining to acute neurologic conditions described mostly in the 19th and 20th century. A review of monographs, treatises, textbooks, and peer‐reviewed articles was conducted.ResultsThe evolution of clinical signs and syndromes associated with dynamic intracranial pathologies was predicated on the idea that animal studies informed clinicians, who then linked clinical signs to these observations. A dominant theme is that innovative technologies could trace acute processes through all their various stages, affording a complete picture of the disease process. Just as clinical descriptors of central nervous system processes evolved, the presentation of acute neuromuscular respiratory failure became better defined. Once practices incorporated these acute clinical signs, textbooks cemented their “gold standard” status with relative impunity.ConclusionsThe practise of acute neurology and neurocritical care must find out what, historically, others were seeking but could not find. Patterns of clinical presentation in acute neurology are sufficiently recognizable to guide practise decisions. Although, the currently well‐documented clinical syndromes of acute neurologic conditions (at presentation and during deterioration) have been taught for generations, practitioners have noted that they lack consistency and predictability. History also taught us that part of this improved knowledge came with designated units―a clear example of how protean systems (not always innovative neurologists or neuroscientists or technologies) shaped the history of neurology.
The effect of resolvin D1n‐3 DPA on primary oral epithelial cell migration in vitro
Authors: Balta Maria G. , Schreurs Olav , Blix Inger Johanne Schytte , Schenck Karl 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpecialized pro‐resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) are known for their anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving actions. The aim of the present study was to find new functions of the SPM resolvin D1n‐3 DPA (RvD1n‐3 DPA) on oral epithelial cells. As a starting point, we used a dataset obtained by RNA high‐throughput sequencing of oral epithelial cells exposed to TNF‐α and RvD1n‐3 DPA versus TNF‐α alone. GOrilla enrichment analysis showed that the actin cytoskeleton was significantly overrepresented after adjustment for multiple hypothesis testing. As actin, amongst others, is closely related to cell migration, we then explored whether RvD1n‐3 DPA can modulate oral epithelial cell migration. To this end, we used an in vitro cell migration model, including TNF‐α treatment, to mimic an inflammatory cell state. The analysis revealed that RvD1n‐3 DPA increased oral epithelial cell migration in the presence but not in the absence of TNF‐α. Addition of RvD1n‐3 DPA also induced F actin accumulation around the cell nucleus, indicating that RvD1n‐3 DPA potentially can mediate processes of intracellular transport. This indicates that this lipid mediator may be a promising therapeutic candidate in oral mucosal wound healing.
Hospital variation of outcomes in status epilepticus
Authors: Terman Samuel W. , Guterman Elan L. , Lin Chun C. , Thompson Michael P. , Burke James F. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractObjectiveUnderstanding factors driving variation in status epilepticus outcomes would be critical to improve care. We evaluated the degree to which patient and hospital characteristics explained hospital‐to‐hospital variability in intubation and postacute outcomes.MethodsThis was a retrospective cohort study of Medicare beneficiaries admitted with status epilepticus between 2009 and 2019. Outcomes included intubation, discharge to a facility, and 30‐ and 90‐day readmissions and mortality. Multilevel models calculated percent variation in each outcome due to hospital‐to‐hospital differences.ResultsWe included 29 150 beneficiaries. The median age was 68 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 57–78), and 18 084 (62%) were eligible for Medicare due to disability. The median (IQR) percentages of each outcome across hospitals were: 30‐day mortality 25% (0%–38%), any 30‐day readmission 14% (0%–25%), 30‐day status epilepticus readmission 0% (0%–3%), 30‐day facility stay 40% (25%–53%), and intubation 46% (20%–61%). However, after accounting for many hospitals with small sample size, hospital‐to‐hospital differences accounted for 2%–6% of variation in all unadjusted outcomes, and approximately 1%–5% (maximally 8% for 30‐day readmission for status epilepticus) after adjusting for patient, hospitalization, and/or hospital characteristics. Although many characteristics significantly predicted outcomes, the largest effect size was cardiac arrest predicting death (odds ratio = 10.1, 95% confidence interval = 8.8–11.7), whereas hospital characteristics (e.g., staffing, accreditation, volume, setting, services) all had lesser effects.SignificanceHospital‐to‐hospital variation explained little variation in studied outcomes. Rather, certain patient characteristics (e.g., cardiac arrest) had greater effects. Interventions to improve outcomes after status epilepticus may be better focused on individual or prehospital factors, rather than at the inpatient systems level.
Gender and conceptual breadth of barriers to higher education in Asian countries
Authors: Takamatsu Reina , Min May Cho , Aktar Rumana , Wang Lina , Gao Xingjian , Akamatsu Daisuke 
Published: February 2024

AbstractPsychological studies of the denial of prejudice and discrimination have suggested that although members of target groups are sensitive to episodes of discrimination, they may deny episodes of discrimination to maintain a positive self‐image. Here, through two studies, we investigated the role of the perceiver and target gender in shaping perceived barriers to education from a transnational feminist perspective. The participants were 132 Japanese university students (Study 1) and 1143 students from four Asian countries (Bangladesh, China, Myanmar, and Japan) (Study 2). They read three vignettes depicting different types of obstacles to higher education and rated the extent to which each example constituted a barrier to education. Our results support the sensitivity hypothesis. Regardless of their cultural background, the female participants tended to perceive more barriers to education than their male counterparts. However, the denial hypothesis was not consistently supported. The authors discuss the meaning of denial of educational barriers among female students and future directions.
The challenges of voluntary care provision for hospitalized patients with COVID‐19: A qualitative study of the public volunteers' experiences
Authors: Karami Fatemeh , Nikbakht Nasrabadi Alireza , Torabizadeh Camellia , Mazaheri Monir , Sayadi Leila 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIntroductionDuring the COVID‐19 pandemic, there was a remarkable increase in public volunteering for the care of hospitalized patients. They faced challenges during their voluntary care provision. This study aimed at exploring public volunteers' experiences of the challenges of the voluntary care provision to hospitalized patients with COVID‐19.MethodsA descriptive qualitative study with an inductive content analysis method was conducted, 2022–2023. Eighteen public volunteers providing care to hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 were purposefully selected among 10 hospitals, specialized in COVID‐19 care in Tehran and Shiraz, Iran. Data were collected over 7 months through in‐depth semistructured interviews and concurrently analyzed using conventional content analysis methods.FindingsThe challenges of voluntary care provision to hospitalized patients with COVID‐19 were illustrated in five main categories, each with two subcategories. The categories included structural challenges, interpersonal conflicts, financial constraints, covert participation and the deteriorating condition of care provision. The subcategories comprised lack of volunteer recruitment bases, ineffective organization of voluntary activities, pervasive distrust, heightened risk of clinical errors, conflicts between volunteer commitments and primary occupation, lack of financial support, lack of family support, isolation by friends, mental trauma and physical exhaustion.ConclusionPublic volunteers encounter diverse challenges while providing care to hospitalized patients with COVID‐19, which negatively impacts their motivation to serve. By addressing these challenges, we can create a more supportive environment for volunteers and enhance the quality of care provided to patients during public health emergencies. Identifying such challenges can assist healthcare managers and policymakers develop effective strategies to mitigate mounting difficulties and enhance volunteer services, thereby improving the overall quality of care provided to patients during public health crises.Patient ContributionsParticipants were identified and recruited after the study objectives were explained in person to the managers. The participants were approached and interviewed by one author. Participation was voluntary and the participants did not receive any financial compensation for their time.
Enhancing bending performance of ultrathin flexible glass through chemical strengthening
Authors: Mao Jingyi , Yuan Jian , Guo Zhenqiang , Tian Peijing , Zhang Jiachang , Zhang Qi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractFlexible glass with high bending strength is a remarkable component of flexible electronic displays. However, as a brittle material, its bending properties often do not meet requirements of application. To address this challenge, the application of chemical strengthening stands out as a viable approach to significantly bolster scratch resistance and bending strength in flexible glass. This study focuses on a conventional one‐step chemical strengthening method, employing molten potassium nitrate, to reinforce ultrathin aluminosilicate glass produced through the secondary down‐drawing thermoforming process. Effects of ion‐exchange temperature and time on mechanical properties of strengthened 110 µm flexible glass were investigated, and moreover, properties of strengthened ultrathin flexible glass with various thicknesses were compared. The results indicate that, after chemical strengthening at 380°C for 1 h, the compressive stress (CS) of 110 µm glass reaches 864.60 MPa, and the depth of layer is 15.86 µm, at which time the glass has the best bending performance and scratch resistance, and half of the faceplate spacing during glass breakage can be enhanced from 38.02 ± 2.7 to 8.40 ± 0.62 mm. For ultrathin flexible glass from 40 to 110 µm, after treatment at 380°C for 1 h, the CS of thick glass is higher than that of thin glass, and the enhancement of bending performance is better.
Early gesture use predicts children’s language development in South Korea: New evidence supporting the cross‐cultural importance of pointing
Authors: Shin So Yeon , Rowe Meredith L. , Lee Hyun Suk 
Published: February 2024

AbstractResearch in the U.S. and other Western countries shows that children’s early gesture use, which starts prior to verbal communication, is an important predictor of children’s later language development. Despite increasing efforts to study gesture use in diverse contexts, most of our knowledge on the role of gesture is largely based on populations of Western countries. In this study, we add to the growing body of international research by examining gesture use by 31 mothers and their 14‐month‐old infants (12 girls) in South Korea and investigate the gestures used during interaction, and whether early gesture use at 14 months predicts Korean children’s later language skills at 36 months. The results showed that in addition to using gestures observed in other cultural contexts, Korean mother‐child dyads used culturally specific gesture (i.e., bowing), showing an early sign of socialization that starts with preverbal children. In addition, Korean infants’ index‐finger pointing, but not showing and giving, predicted their later receptive and expressive vocabulary skills at 36 months, providing additional support for the importance of pointing in early language development.
IL‐8 from CD248‐expressing cancer‐associated fibroblasts generates cisplatin resistance in non‐small cell lung cancer
Authors: Wu Jieheng , Zhang Qiaoling , Wu Jiangwei , Yang Zeyang , Liu Xinlei , Lou Chunju , Wang Xuanyin , Peng Jiangying , Zhang Jinyuan , Shang Zhenling , Xiao Jing , Wang Nianxue , Zhang Ruya , Zhou Jinyao , Wang Yun , Hu Zuquan , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jian , Zeng Zhu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractChemotherapy‐resistant non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) presents a substantial barrier to effective care. It is still unclear how cancer‐associated fibroblasts (CAFs) contribute to NSCLC resistance to chemotherapy. Here, we found that CD248+CAFs released IL‐8 in NSCLC, which, in turn, enhanced the cisplatin (CDDP) IC50 in A549 and NCI‐H460 while decreasing the apoptotic percentage of A549 and NCI‐H460 in vitro. The CD248+CAFs‐based IL‐8 secretion induced NSCLC chemoresistance by stimulating nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) and elevating ATP‐binding cassette transporter B1 (ABCB1). We also revealed that the CD248+CAFs‐based IL‐8 release enhanced cisplatin chemoresistance in NSCLC mouse models in vivo. Relative to wild‐type control mice, the CD248 conditional knockout mice exhibited significant reduction of IL‐8 secretion, which, in turn, enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of cisplatin in vivo. In summary, our study identified CD248 activates the NF‐κB axis, which, consecutively induces the CAFs‐based secretion of IL‐8, which promotes NSCLC chemoresistance. This report highlights a potential new approach to enhancing the chemotherapeutic potential of NSCLC‐treating cisplatin.
Generalized pustular psoriasis: A nationwide population‐based study using the National Health Data System in France
Authors: Viguier Manuelle , Bentayeb Malek , Azzi Jessica , de Pouvourville Gérard , Gloede Tristan , Langellier Bérengère , Massol Jacques , Medina Patricia , Thoma Christian , Bachelez Hervé 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundGPP is a rare, chronic, neutrophilic skin disease, with limited real‐world data characterizing patients with flares and the impact of flares on disease progression and morbidity.ObjectiveDescribe the clinical characteristics of patients with GPP, comorbidities, disease epidemiology and frequency and severity of flares, and compare patients with GPP with a matched severe psoriasis population.MethodsIn this population‐based real‐world cohort study an algorithm was developed to identify patients with GPP flares. Three cohorts were identified using the Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS) database covering almost the entire French population; a prevalent cohort (2010–2018), an incident cohort (2012–2015). A severe psoriasis cohort was compared with the GPP incident cohort using propensity score matching.ResultsThe prevalent and incident cohorts comprised 4195 and 1842 patients, respectively. In both cohorts, mean age was 58 years; 53% were male. Comorbidities were significantly more common in the incident cohort versus matched psoriasis cohort, respectively, including hypertension (44% vs. 26%), ischaemic heart disease (26% vs. 18%) and hyperlipidaemia (25% vs. 15%). In the incident cohort, the flare rate was 0.1 flares/person‐year and 0.4 flares/person‐year among the 569 out of 1842 patients hospitalized with flares. These patients had a mean (±SD) stay of 11.6 ± 10.4 days; 25% were admitted to the intensive care unit. In 2017, the cumulative incidence and cumulative GPP age–sex standardized prevalence were 7.1 and 45.2 per million, respectively.ConclusionsPatients with GPP had a distinct comorbidity profile compared to patients with severe psoriasis, and GPP flares were associated with long hospitalizations.
Patient prioritisation of items to develop the Patient‐Reported Impact of Dermatological Diseases measure: A global Delphi study
Authors: Trialonis‐Suthakharan Nirohshah , Pattinson Rachael , Tahmasebi Gandomkari Nasim , Austin Jennifer , Janus Christine , Courtier Nick , Hewitt Rachael M. , Bundy Chris , Augustin Matthias 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe Global Research on the Impact of Dermatological Diseases (GRIDD) project is developing the new Patient‐Reported Impact of Dermatological Diseases (PRIDD) measure. PRIDD measures the impact of dermatological conditions on the patient's life.ObjectivesThis study aimed to seek consensus from patients on which items to prioritize for inclusion in PRIDD.MethodsA modified, two‐round Delphi study was conducted. Adults (≥18 years) with dermatological conditions were recruited. The survey consisted of a demographic's questionnaire and 263 potential impact items in six languages. Quantitative data used Likert‐type ranking scales and analysed against consensus criteria. Qualitative data collected free text responses for additional feedback and a framework analysis was conducted.Results1154 people representing 90 dermatological conditions from 66 countries participated. Items were either removed (n = 79), edited (n = 179) or added (n = 2), based on consensus thresholds and qualitative feedback. Results generated the first draft of PRIDD with 27 items across five impact domains.ConclusionThis Delphi study resulted in the draft version of PRIDD, ready for psychometric testing. The triangulated data helped refine the existing conceptual framework of impact. PRIDD has since been pilot tested with patients and is currently undergoing psychometric testing.
Method dependency of maximum oxygen uptake rate and its repeatability in the Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis
Authors: Brieske Samantha D. , Mullen Sylvia C. , Rees Bernard B. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe maximum rate at which fish can take up oxygen from their environment to fuel aerobic metabolism is an important feature of their physiology and ecology. Methods to quantify maximum oxygen uptake rate (ṀO2), therefore, should reliably and reproducibly estimate the highest possible ṀO2 by an individual or species under a given set of conditions (peak ṀO2). This study determined peak ṀO2 and its repeatability in Gulf killifish, Fundulus grandis, subjected to three methods to elevate metabolism: swimming at increasing water speeds, during recovery after an exhaustive chase, and after ingestion of a large meal. Estimates of peak ṀO2 during swimming and after an exhaustive chase were repeatable across two trials, whereas peak ṀO2 after feeding was not. Peak ṀO2 determined by the three methods was significantly different from one another, being highest during swimming, lowest after an exhaustive chase, and intermediate after feeding. In addition, peak ṀO2 during recovery from an exhaustive chase depended on the length of time of recovery: in nearly 60% of the trials, values within the first hour of the chase were lower than those measured later. A novel and important finding was that an individual's peak ṀO2 was not repeatable when compared across methods. Therefore, the peak ṀO2 estimated for a group of fish, as well as the ranking of individual ṀO2 within that group, depends on the method used to elevate aerobic metabolism.
Sex‐based trajectories of health system use in lonely and not lonely older people: A population‐based cohort study
Authors: Savage Rachel D. , Sutradhar Rinku , Luo Jin , Strauss Rachel , Guan Jun , Rochon Paula A. , Gruneir Andrea , Sanmartin Claudia , Goel Vivek , Rosella Laura C. , Stall Nathan M. , Chamberlain Stephanie A. , Yu Christina , Bronskill Susan E. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundThere is growing interest in understanding the care needs of lonely people but studies are limited and examine healthcare settings separately. We estimated and compared healthcare trajectories in lonely and not lonely older female and male respondents to a national health survey.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study of community‐dwelling, Ontario respondents (65+ years) to the 2008/2009 Canadian Community Health Survey—Healthy Aging. Respondents were classified at baseline as not lonely, moderately lonely, or severely lonely using the Three‐Item Loneliness Scale and then linked with health administrative data to assess healthcare transitions over a 12 ‐year observation period. Annual risks of moving from the community to inpatient, long‐stay home care, long‐term care settings—and death—were estimated across loneliness levels using sex‐stratified multistate models.ResultsOf 2684 respondents (58.8% female sex; mean age 77 years [standard deviation: 8]), 635 (23.7%) experienced moderate loneliness and 420 (15.6%) severe loneliness. Fewer lonely respondents remained in the community with no transitions (not lonely, 20.3%; moderately lonely, 17.5%; and severely lonely, 12.6%). Annual transition risks from the community to home care and long‐term care were higher in female respondents and increased with loneliness severity for both sexes (e.g., 2‐year home care risk: 6.1% [95% CI 5.5–6.6], 8.4% [95% CI 7.4–9.5] and 9.4% [95% CI 8.2–10.9] in female respondents, and 3.5% [95% CI 3.1–3.9], 5.0% [95% CI 4.0–6.0], and 5.4% [95% CI 4.0–6.8] in male respondents; 5‐year long‐term care risk: 9.2% [95% CI 8.0–10.8], 11.1% [95% CI 9.3–13.6] and 12.2% [95% CI 9.9–15.3] [female], and 5.3% [95% CI 4.2–6.7], 9.1% [95% CI 6.8–12.5], and 10.9% [95% CI 7.9–16.3] [male]).ConclusionsLonely older female and male respondents were more likely to need home care and long‐term care, with severely lonely female respondents having the highest probability of moving to these settings.
A systematic review and meta‐analysis of serum lipid concentrations in people with Down syndrome
Authors: Gastelum Guerrero Carolina , Cháidez Fernández Yuridia Lizet , Magaña Ordorica Dalia , Berger Heidi , Vazquez Landrove Marilyn , Guadrón Llanos Alma , Angulo Rojo Carla , Magaña Gómez Javier 
Published: February 2024

AbstractBackgroundDown syndrome (DS) is the most prevalent chromosomal disorder, being the leading cause of intellectual disability. The increased life expectancy of individuals with DS has led to a shift in the incidence of non‐communicable chronic diseases, resulting in new concerns, particularly cardiovascular disease (CVD) and Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to analyse the blood lipid profile of a large DS cohort to establish a baseline for evaluating health risk parameters.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Virtual Health Library databases to identify original articles published before July 2022. Selected studies were included in the meta‐analysis.ResultsFifteen studies reporting serum lipid levels in individuals with DS were incorporated into the analysis. The meta‐analysis used the means and standard deviations extracted from the selected studies. The analysis encompassed 671 participants in the DS group and 898 euploid controls. The results indicated significant differences in total cholesterol [C] (mean difference [MD]: −3.34; CI: 95%: −4.94 to −1.73;P < 0.0001), HDL‐C (MD: −3.39; CI: 95%: −6.72 to −0.06;P = 0.05) and triglycerides (MD: 21.48; CI: 95%: 9.32 to 33.65;P = 0.0005) levels between individuals with DS and their control counterparts.ConclusionsIndividuals with DS have less favourable blood lipid concentrations than their controls, particularly HDL‐C, triglycerides, and total‐C, even when grouped by age. These findings underscore the importance of closer monitoring of lipid profiles in people with DS and the necessity for specific cut‐offs for this population, considering the risk for ischemic heart and Alzheimer's diseases.