bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Anglican and Roman Catholic Priests in South Africa : Some Questionnaire Responses
Authors: Verryn Trevor David 
Published: March 2007

Une étude d'opinion a été réalisée récemment auprès de prêtres anglicans et catholiques d'Afrique du Sud ; les ré ponses obtenues représentent les deux tiers de l'univers. Les résultats font apparaître une faible relation entre, d'une part, le statut matrimonial, le type de confession, le statut politique (vote) et, la manière dont les prêtres considèrent leur travail. Une distinction générale sépare toutefois les grou pes d'âge : en effet, l'attitude des jeunes est davantage orien tée vers « ce monde » , celle des plus âgés vers « l'autre monde ».
The Methodology of Collection and Processing of Primary Sociological Information in Study of Problems of Religion and Atheism (*)
Authors: Pivovarov V.G. 
Published: March 2007

C'est article fournit un rapide tour d'horizon des études soviétiques en matière de méthodologie et de recherche sociologique. En Union Soviétique, la méthodologie inclus des éléments théoriques plus étendus comme le matérialisme historique. Les méthodes, quant à elles, se réfèrent aux techni ques de recherche. L'auteur note que méthodologie et méthodes en matière de phénomènes religieux ont été peu approfondies. Son étude est une des premières tentatives pratiques de re cherche en sociologie des masses. Les difficultés furent nombreuses, mais les résultats ont prouvé que les questions religieuses pouvaient être abordées de cette manière.
Le quotidien et l' histoire
Authors: Prandi Carlo 
Published: March 2007

Going through the various contributions of this issue, the Author of this «point of view» emphazies the need, in any study of the three-cornered play between religion, values and everyday life, to take into account all the cultural, geographical and deno micational contexts which can make the observations and theori zations which can be extracted from different epistemological pre suppositions, vary considerably. Likewise, should one not try to extract the diachronic impli cations which make it possible to reintroduce the everyday into the framework of a historical reality from documentation - col lected by sociologists of everyday life — which is apparently strictly synchronic and «cold» (in the sense which Lévi-Strauss gives this term). Without these efforts, one would not perceive that everyday life is to history what parts are to the whole: it refers to a context in which everyday life takes on its authentic and ulimate meaning.
The social construction of charisma
Authors: Wallis Roy 
Published: March 2007

Max Weber laisse planer une certaine ambiguité à propos de la nature du charisme qui réside soit dans une particularité inhé rente à un individu, soit dans le caractère d'une relation sociale. Cet article analyse le cas de David Berg, ou «Moïse David», fondateur, leader et prophète des Enfants de Dieu. Jusqu'à ses 40 ans, la vie de Berg ne manifeste aucune parti cularité et il n'est qu'une sorte de «raté entre deux ages». Son cha risme trouve son origine dans la coïncidence entre la révolte des jeunes qui furent attirés par son rejet de la société américaine dont il annonce la fin prochaine et l'assurance qu'il acquiert d'avoir des adeptes prêts à reconnaître le statut et les honneurs qui lui étaient dû. Au sein de la communauté charismatique elle-même, les familiers rassemblés autour de Berg obtiennent leur statut de leur proximité du leader et renforcent sa position par la reconnaissance des bénéfices qu'ils ont reçu. Ils exportent également leur statut charismatique au dehors de la communauté parmi des subordon nés et convertis puisque la proclamation de la position de leur lea der est aussi une proclamation de leur statut propre d'associés. Mais le charisme est essentiellement précaire. Il exige constam ment renforcement et protection. Il dépend de manière cruciale de l'exclusion du contact avec lui, y compris I'exclusion ou la restric tion de la reconnaissance des contestations de ceux qui, à l'inté rieur du mouvement, mettraient en question le statut du leader. Ainsi, un des mécanismes fondamentaux de la construction sociale du charisme est l'isolement social du leader et la purge.
Renouveaux religieux et individualisme: le cas du catholicisme et du judaïsme en France
Authors: COHEN Martine 
Published: March 2007

In France, the charismatic Renewal and the phenomenon of “study circles” constitute two poles of a new socio-religious dynamic within Catholicism and Judaism, respectively. This article first of all juxtaposes these religious renewals to changes within French society, notably those concerning the crisis of collective and political ideals of the years 1968-75. It shows their privileged rapport, on the one hand with the counter culture and its religious component, on the other with leftist and then regionalist movements. The re-evaluation of the concepts of “community” and “tradition” within these renewals can appear to be a rejection of the individualism characteristic of our modern societies. In fact it is nothing of the kind. Rather, it is brought about in the first instance, paradoxically, by a route that strengthens modern individualism: solicitude for the person (faced with a bureaucratized society) or particularist revendication (faced with French Jacobinism). Also, within the very bosom of the Catholic and Jewish collectivity, there has been a progression of the values of personal liberty (the diversity of groups permits each to choose) and of equality (men/women, clerics/laics). On the whole, the holistic traits — proper to Gemeinschaft — re-evaluated here seem quite subordinated to individualist traits, proper to the Gesellschaft. Thus, there is no question of rejection of individualism, but rather of its “redefinition”. This confirms the thesis of L. Dumont according to which “community” and “society” are “both presented as a principle of modern society”, but that “they are to be met with at different levels of social reality”.
L'Eglise orthodoxe et la diaspora hellénique
Authors: BRUNEAU Michel 
Published: March 2007

Today the Greek diaspora is located mainly in English-speaking countries in both northern and southern hemispheres. The Greek Orthodox Church is a central institution of this diaspora, at all parochial and diocesan levels, and also on the world scale with its patriarchates, especially the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. In the face of a rapid anarchic growth of independent communities at the beginning of the 20th century, the Ecumenical Patriarchate established two strong archdioceses, one in New York and another in Sydney. In Europe in the 1960s, while the number of migrants was on the rise particularly in Germany and England, seven autonomous metropolitan units, located in different capitals, were created by the Ecumenical Patriarchate. Africa has its own patriarch of Alexandria, with 13 metropolites heading Churches which are more and more Africanized. The Orthodox Church, which was already the core institution for the Christians during the Ottoman Empire, has maintained its Byzantine structures through the centuries. A repressive environment has anchored Orthodoxy deep within Greek identity. With its strong bureaucratic structure at the diocese-archdiocese level, Orthodoxy has a layered confederal organization of self-governed parishes on the one hand and autonomous or autocephalous Churches on the other. It usually compromises with the democratic spirit of the communities, but can be challenged by them. These community structures are another main component of the Greek identity coming from a pre-Christian stratum, the ancient city-state. These two models of political organization continue to compete within the diaspora even though the first model is now predominant.
Les balises étatiques de la religion au Canada
Authors: ZYLBERBERG Jacques , COTE Pauline 
Published: March 2007

This systematic study of relations between religion and politics in Canada examines the growing role of State processes in the activities of religious groups. This study is divided into two parts. The first part, which deals with historical aspects, shows how the growth of the Canadian State and of the provinces imposed limits on religious activity and led to the consolidation of the establishment of the three main Christian Churches, closely associated but subordinated to the State. Between 1960 and 1991, the spectacular growth of the provincial and federal State apparatuses led to the decline of the majority historical religions. Their loss of influence, demographic stagnation and lack of resources have combined with growing state regulation and dispossession of sectors that the State had traditionally abandoned to the Churches. According to the authors, this constant and growing extension of State control better explains the loss of influence of Churches than secularization.
Some Dynamometric Applications of an Electronic Integrator-Differentiator
Authors: Grignet J. , Monfort F. 
Published: March 2007

One of the authors (J. G.) has devised an electronic integrator-differentiator which can be connected to two recorders which will then record in one operation the classical load-extension curve, the work of stretching, and the slope of the load-extension curve. The recorders give a continuous trace from which at any moment can be read off as ordinates the corresponding work of stretching and the rate of loading or rate of exten sion. The technique can be applied equally well to measurements made by dynamometers on fibers, yarns, rovings, or slivers. Moreover, the integrator-differentiator circuit which is used is also appropriate for many additional uses, since it can be fed by the variable voltage which is produced in many types of apparatus now being widely used in the laboratory. In this way, without any additional work, both the integrated and the differentiated curve can be obtained for whatever function is being measured.- The authors have employed this circuit for (1) a critical study of the extent to which the constancy of rate of loading or extension is realized in two yarn dynamometers which have been put on the market recently, and (2) for the continuous measurement of the work of stretching and the rate of loading of woul, nylon, Terylene, and other fibers when they are being tested on a dynamometer supposed to give a constant rate of extension. Quite apart from the advantage of having the integration and the differentiation proceeding instantaneously, this electronic device also allows a careful investigation of the effect of time in various dynamometric studies of fibers, rovings, and yarns.
Acetal Cellulose Reactants
Authors: Irvine J.B. , Kress B.H. 
Published: March 2007

Three types of acetal cellulose reactants are discussed. Two are in commercial use and one is in the development stage. A general description of the nature of their re actions with cellulose is followed by an analysis of the data obtained from the laboratory evaluations of mill processed fabrics. The acetal cellulose reactants are a group of materials which produce non-chlorine retentive dimensional control and a wide variety of hand effects including softness, permanent stiffness, and a range of crease resistances.
The Self-Concept and Career Aspirations of Greek Students in Greece, France, Germany and Egypt
Authors: Flouris George , Vamvoukas Michael , Kassotakis Michael 
Published: March 2007

This study sought to investigate the self-concept and career aspirations held by eleventh grade Greek children who were living in France, Germany and Egypt; the attitudes of these children were compared with those held by their counterparts living on the mainland of Greece. No statistical significance was found on self-concept scores among students living on the mainland of Greece and those living in France and Egypt; statistical significance was found, however, among students who lived in Greece and France and their counterparts living in Germany. The level of career aspiration was shown to be relatively high among all groups involved in the study. No statistical significance relation was found between the degree of self-concept and choice of a profession. The 'ethnic minority' factor, by itself, had no negative effects on self-concept of our selected groups. The main determinant of a child's self-concept seems to be his/her immediate family environment.
Institutionalized Sport as Quasi-Religion: Preliminary CONSiDerations
Authors: Brody M. Kenneth 
Published: March 2007

This paper considers the phenomenon of institutionalized sport from a sociology of religion perspective, with the intention of providing a systematic basis for the frequent but often too-facile analogies drawn between sport and religion. Sensitizing dimensions are drawn from sport in order to render this complex phenomenon more amenable to conceptual analysis. Several prominent sociological definitions of religion are introduced, and institutional sport is assessed for "goodness of fit" with these definitions. The analytic emphasis is on symbols, but the utility of the sociology of religion foci of beliefs and practices is also detailed. Both participants and spectators are seen to sym bolize, to hold beliefs, and to engage in ritual practices pertaining to sport. After finding considerable support for the general contention that sport is at least quasi-religious in nature, projections are offered for future research and for broader theoretical development. 1. The data presented here were not in any sense collected purposefully for use in this paper, but are rather of the nature to accrue to anyone ac tively engaged in everyday social life. As with any data utilized in social science, their reliability rests upon their congruence with observations made by others, whether lay or professional. 2. By "empirical generalizations" is meant the generalized descriptions, il lustrations, and assessments rendered from the data as described in note 1, above. 3. It should be realized at the outset that these sensitizing dimensions are in no way to be considered mutually exclusive or exhaustive. According ly, it will not always be possible to neatly categorize particular empirical examples within one of the three dimensions. The participants, spec tators, and organization of sport are highly interrelated. An attempt will be made to reach some degree of analytic clarity without resultantly destroying the natural character of these interrelations. 4. It should be mentioned here the sport may, for some spectators, be a direct enaction of ultimate problems of human life. Primarily, this is because, for some fans, seemingly nothing is more important than the outcome of a particular boxing match or a victory in the Super Bowl of their favorite team. More directly, for participants, it is sometimes the case that sport can involve virtual life and death situations, such as in various forms of mechanized racing. 5. This quote has been attributed both to George Allen and to Vince Lom bardi (football coaches, each). It has been repeated by enough coaches that its source is perhaps no longer an issue.
PATTERNS OF TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ISRAELI SOCIETY
Authors: Rapoport Tamar , Lomsky-Feder Edna 
Published: March 2007

Patterns of transition to adulthood are conceptualised in terms of three dimensions encompassing contradictory principles: the social definition of youth (consistent/inconsistent), the structure of social relations (hierarchical/symmetrical), and behavioural orientations (conformity/deviation). We apply this conceptualisation to a comparative analysis of transition to adulthood in Israel during two distinct historical periods: the 1950s (`transitional society') and the 1980s (`post-transitional society'), studying the link between macro-social conditions and transition anchored in the life-cycle of the individual. The research entails a structured content analysis of articles appearing in an Israeli newspaper for youth during the two periods, where the unit of analysis is roles. The findings indicate two different, yet non-polar patterns of transition: `Transitional society' is characterised by the coexistence of contradictory principles related to a strongly ambivalent attitude toward youth. `Post-transitional society' shows fewer coexisting contradictions due to a reduced reliance on youth and an ability to absorb loose behaviour.
Using the Classics to Expand Public Administrative Thought: An Exhortory Note
Authors: Kramer Fred A. 
Published: March 2007

Public administrators—both practitioners and academics—need to develop critical-thinking skills. The mental exercise required to assess the validity of myths and metaphors can help develop this capacity to think beyond boundaries of problems. Drawing from the work of diverse authors such as Percy Bysshe Shelley, the early nineteenth-century poet, and more current works of the philosopher Neison Goodman, this article shows how the conflict inherent in metaphors can be an exercise in creativity. Examples particularly relevant to public administration are drawn from Homer's Odyssey.
Everyday Politics in Public Administration
Authors: Miller Hugh T. 
Published: March 2007

The politics-administration dichotomy was long ago dismissed as either a descriptive or (except for a few notable holdouts) prescriptive account of what the role of public administration should be. Yet the dichotomy endures in practice and in habit of mind, embedded in institutional traditions and in the legal code as well. Political involvement-coalition formation, symbol manipulation, constituency mobilization-by public administrators is an everyday occurrence. Inside and outside the agency are struggles over resource distribution, professional norms and proper procedures, or the level of threat/reassurance that should be attached to various events, groups, or individuals. Political engagement remains problematic for public administrators, however. If political involvement is permitted, someone will have to rethink the meaning of Progressivism, neutral competence, professionalism, and an expert-based civil service. More daunting still, compelling critiques of representative democracy have placed electoral institutions on the table for discussion as well. A hopeful future for public administration is grounded in a renewed assertion of the viability and meaningfulness of the public interest as a standard against which claims offered in the public conversation may be judged. A healthy public discourse preserves and creates an authentic polls that is able to focus on community aims and purposes, hence clarifying public administration's legitimate role in governance.
Public Perception' of Government Regulation
Authors: Cunningham Bernard J. , Sethi S. Prakash , Turicchi Thomas 
Published: March 2007

Conventional wisdom has it that people view current levels of government regulation of business activities as excessive and inefficient. This study was designed to investigate people's perception of government regulation. The study was conducted through personal interviews with 579 males, 1849 years old, in seven major metropolitan areas across the nation. Individuals were asked about their feelings as to 1) the adequacy of regulation in five types of marketing activities ranging from truth in advertising to mail-order buying; and 2) the impact of regulation on the price of five types of products ranging from automobiles to convenience foods. Among the major findings: respondents did not feel there is "too much" regulation in specific product or service areas, they recognized that regulation may cause prices to go up, and they believed that regulation can benefit both the business and the consumer. The attitudes toward regulation were product or service-specific and there was little or no "halo effect." Moreover, socioeconomic and demographic variables were not at all significant in predicting people's attitudes toward regulation.
Computational Methods for Task-directed Sensor Data Fusion and Sensor Planning
Authors: Hager Greg , Mintz Max 
Published: March 2007

In this article we consider the problem of task-directed information gathering. We first develop a decision-theo retic model of task-directed sensing in which sensors are modeled as noise-contaminated, uncertain measurement systems, and sensing tasks are inodeled by a transforma tion describing the type of information required by the task, a utility function describing sensitivity to error, and a cost function describing time or resource constraints on the system. This description allows us to develop a standard condi tional Bayes decision-making model where the value of information, or payoff, of an estimate is defined as the average utility (the expected value of some function of decision or estimation error) relative to the current proba bility distribution and the best estimate is that which max imizes payoff. The optimal sensor viewing strategy is that which maximizes the net payoff (decision value minus observation costs) of the final estimate. The advantage of this solution is generality—it does not assume a particular sensing modality or sensing task. However, solutions to this updating problem do not exist in closed form. This motivates the development of an approximation to the optimal solution based on a grid-based implementation of Bayes' theorem. We describe this algorithm, analyze its error properties. and indicate how it can be made robust to errors in the description of sensors and discrepancies between geomet ric models and sensed objects. We also present the results of this fusion technique applied to several different infor mation gathering tasks in simulated situations and in a distributed sensing system we have constructed.
Musical Expression of Moodstates
Authors: Terwogt Mark Meerum , Van Grinsven Flora 
Published: March 2007

Three different age groups (5- and 10-year-old children, and adults) were asked to link a number of selected excerpts of music to one of the four moodstates: "happiness", "sadness", "fear" and "anger" (represented by facial expressions). The consensus of choices was considerable, even among the youngest children, and increased with age. Fear and anger were harder to identify in music than happiness and sadness. In the case of anger, this is probably caused by the phenomenon that the subjects (especially the youngest children) were often inclined to answer not by identifying the character of the stimulus, but in terms of the character of their response: fear. In a preliminary experiment in which a group of adult subjects was asked to judge a large number of moodstates for their possible expression in music, we found some indications that music expresses the positive-negative value and the degree of activity of a moodstate particularly well. The position of happiness, sadness and anger on those dimensions is quite clear. Fear is probably harder to express by music since its position on the activity dimension is less well-defined. "Music is, by its very nature, essentially powerless to express anything at all, whether a feeling, an attitude of mind, a psychological mood, a phenomenon of nature.... "(Stravinsky, 1936) "People usually complain that music is so ambiguous; that it is so doubtful what they ought to think when they hear it; whereas everyone understands words. With me it is entirely the converse.... The thoughts which are expressed to me by a piece of music which I love are not too undefinite to be put in words, but on the contrary too definite. "(Mendelssohn, 1842)