bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Deep neck infections in patients at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Lee Kelvin C. , Tami Thomas A. , Echavez Michael , Wildes Thomas O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe acquired immunodeficiency syndrome epidemic has introduced an increasing population of immune‐compromised patients susceptible to infections by unusual pathogens. To evaluate the role of traditional antibiotic therapy for deep neck infections in high‐risk patients, we reviewed the records of 73 patients with deep neck infections. Forty‐six had or were at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and nine were diabetics. Staphylococcal infections were more common in the at‐risk group, and 24% of staphylococcal isolates in intravenous drug abusers were methicillin‐sodium resistant. In addition, Klebaiella was isolated in two of nine diabetic patients. No other clinical differences were noted, and no unusual organisms were isolated from any other patients. Although traditional antibiotic therapy is appropriate for deep neck infections in patients at risk for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, vancomycin hydrochloride should be considered when staphylococcal infections are suspected in intravenous drug abusers. Since diabetics appear to be susceptible to infections by gram‐negative rods, broader antibiotic coverage must be considered in this population.
Structural changes in the round window membrane following exposure to escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide and hydrocortisone
Authors: Hellstrom Sten , Spandow Odd , Anniko Matti 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe present study focused on structural changes of the round window membrane (RWM) from agents that evoke transient or permanent impairment of the auditory brain‐stem response when applied into the RW niche. Escherichia coli (E. coli) lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in sterile water (SW) and a 2% suspension of hydrocortisone (CORT), micronized in SW, were instilled into the round window (RW) niche of Sprague‐Dawley rats. The morphology of the RWM was analyzed 3 to 21 days after instillation of either substance.Both substances caused minor structural alterations at the light microscopic level. The RWM showed a slight thickening and an invasion of inflammatory cells. At the ultra‐structural level, the CORT‐treated specimens showed an increased epithelial height and numerous microviUi, whereas the epithelium of the LPS‐treated specimens was extended and contained few microvilli resembling those in the normal RWM.We postulate that the RWM may undergo dynamic structural changes when exposed to various agents. The structural alterations per se can influence the passage of substances from the middle ear to the inner ear.
Electromyographic study on end‐to‐end anastomosis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in dogs
Authors: Mu Liancai , Yang Shilin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effectiveness of anastomosis of a divided recurrent laryngeal nerve was studied with electromyography as well as visual observation. Results obtained through this investigation permitted the following conclusions:

Regenerated potentials were recorded from both the involved thyroarytenoid and posterior cricoarytenoid muscles for an average of 5 to 6 weeks postoperatively.
Average onset of recovery of spontaneous adduction was 10 weeks following surgery, and four dogs regained complete recovery of adduction in 13 to 14 weeks. Average onset of recovery of spontaneous abduction was 11.8 weeks postoperatively, and none of the four dogs displayed complete recovery.
The time delay between the onset of regenerated potentials and onset of recovery of cord mobility averaged 4.2 weeks for adduction and 6.4 weeks for abduction.
Incomplete recovery of movements of the reinnervated vocal cord might be due to an inadequate number of effective motor units.
End‐to‐end anastomosis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve can be performed as one method of reinnervating the denervated intrinsic laryngeal muscles, and further histo‐logical studies should be carried out to determine if the regenerated nerve fibers actually have decreased.
Evaluation of neonatal subglottic stenosis: A 3‐year prospective study
Authors: Nicklaus P. J. , Crysdale W. S. , Conley S. , White A. K. , Sendi K. , Forte V. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSubglottic stenosis is the most common cause of chronic airway obstruction. It results in prolonged tracheal cannu‐lation of infants and children. Following the widespread adoption over the past 20 years of prolonged intubation for respiratory support in neonates, the incidence of acquired subglottic stenosis increased dramatically. On January 1, 1987, we began a 3‐year prospective study to delineate potential etiologic factors involved in the development of subglottic stenosis in neonates. The present study analyzes data from 289 infants. Relationships between birth weight, gestational age, endotracheal tube size, duration of intubation and ventilation, number and difficulty of intubations, and the subsequent need for medical and surgical therapy are discussed. Whole organ larynges from autopsy specimens provide histological correlation.
Esthesioneuroblastoma: Surgical treatment without radiation
Authors: Biller Hugh F. , Lawson William , Sachdev Ved P. , Som Peter 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThis study compares the treatment of two groups of patients diagnosed with esthesioneuroblastoma limited to the nasal cavity without evidence of cribriform plate erosion. Five patients were treated with radiation and extra‐cranial excision, and eight patients were treated by cranio‐facial resection only. The incidences of local recurrence were 60% and 12%, respectively. The paper also presents a new staging classification for these tumors.
Variations on the temporoparietal fascial flap
Authors: Matsuba Howard M. , Hakki Ayman R. , Romm Sharon , Little John W. , Spear Scott L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn improved understanding of the vascular supply of the layers of the temporal fossa has increased the potential of this region for new and ingenious reconstructive techniques. Separate and independently vascularized layers of this region include hair‐bearing scalp, glabrous skin, tem‐pororoparietal fascia (and galea aponeurotica), temporalis muscle and fascia, and pericranium. Island flaps of glabrous skin and scalp provided esthetically appropriate tissue to cover a variety of defects. The malleable bulk of the subcutaneous fascial layers were combined with skin grafts to restore thin lining, and used as a vascularized bed for cartilage grafts in otherwise unsatisfactory recipient sites. Illustrative cases from our 5‐year clinical experience are presented to demonstrate various combinations of the temporoparietal fascial pedicle with tissues from the temporal region to reconstruct the eyebrows, eyelids, orbits, cheeks, and lips.
Whole‐blood filterability in sudden deafness
Authors: Ciuffetti Giovanni , Lombardini Rita , Mannarino Elmo , Scardazza Alessandro , Serafini Giovanni , Simoncelli Costantino 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSixteen patients with sudden deafness (SD), diagnosed on the basis of a battery of audiometric tests, but with no other medical or surgical pathology requiring drug treatment, underwent monitoring of their hemorheological profiles to see whether disturbances in the microcirculation could be linked to SD. Plasma viscosity, the filterabilities, (using a low‐shear positive pressure system) through 5‐μm‐diam‐eter pore Nuclepore filters, of whole blood and red and unfractionated white cells were monitored in 16 SD patients and 32 controls matched for age, sex and socioeconomic status. Whole blood filterability and the filterability of the red blood cells were significantly impaired in the SD patients, which suggests that alterations in the microcirculation are linked, in some way, to sudden deafness.
Laser midline glossectomy as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: Fujita Shiro , Woodson B. Tucker , Clark Jack L. , Wittig Robert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMultiple site specific procedures have been proposed to treat obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Midline glossectomy (MLG) is a procedure that directly enlarges the hypopharyngeal airspace using the carbon dioxide laser. The initial experience of 12 patients is presented. Midline glossectomy as the sole procedure was performed on 11 patients who had failed uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and who were felt to have significant hypopharyngeal collapse on physical examination and Müller's maneuver. One patient with primary hypopharyngeal narrowing underwent MLG. Five (42%) were considered responders with Respiratory Disturbance Index (RDI) decreasing from 60.6 per hour to 14.5 per hour. In seven nonresponders, there was no significant change in the RDI (62.6 events per hour to 48.4 events per hour). Cephalometric analysis showed that responders tended to be more retrognathic (sella‐nasion‐supramentale (S‐N‐B = 74.4° )) than nonresponders (S‐N‐B = 79.3° ). Responders were significantly less obese (body mass index (BMI = 30.6)) than nonresponders (BMI = 37.9). There were five minor complications including minor bleeding (n = 3), prolonged odynophagia (n = 1), and minor change in taste (n = 1). There were no major complications, and no persistent difficulties with speech or swallowing. These results demonstrate that direct surgical modification of the tongue base and associated structures can significantly impact obstructive apnea. Midline glossectomy or similar procedures may be useful in a subset of patients with OSAS.
Stapedectomy: Long‐term hearing results
Authors: Langman Alan W. , Jackler Robert K. , Sooy Francis A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe initial improvement in hearing following stapedectomy usually deteriorates with the passage of time. We studied the long‐term results of stapedectomies performed on 42 patients (49 ears) between 1959 and 1969 who had a minimum follow‐up of 18 years. Both air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) thresholds progressively deteriorated over the long term. The degree of BC loss paralleled that expected from presbycusis alone. A greater deterioration was noted in the AC levels, producing a recurrent conductive hearing loss in the speech frequencies. Age at the time of surgery had no effect on the long‐term outcome. Comparison of the average preoperative speech discrimination scores (SDS) to the 1‐year postoperative SDS and the long‐term SDS revealed a 1.1% and 16.7% drop, respectively. The improvement in the average speech reception threshold (SRT) obtained 1 year postoperatively deteriorated by less than 1 dB per year over the long term. Patients with a higher SDS (more than 95%) preoperatively fared better in the maintenance of speech discrimination than those with a lower SDS (less than 95%). The preoperative SRT level was predictive of the timing for the requirement of hearing amplification. The postoperative hearing deterioration appeared to be caused by presbycusis, combined with a recurrent conductive loss in the speech frequencies rather than cochlear otosclerosis. Although the decline in hearing following stapedectomy exceeds the rate of hearing loss due to presbycusis, many individuals, after successful stapes surgery, are able to delay the need for hearing amplification for longer periods than had been previously reported.
Lightning and its effects on the auditory system
Authors: Jones Dwight T. , Ogren Frederic P. , Roh Lynn H. , Moore Gary F. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients struck by lightning can present with a wide variety of unusual otologic problems including burns to the external auditory canal, tympanic membrane rupture, middle ear injury, and sensorineural hearing loss.Four patients who incurred various otologic problems, including one patient with previously unreported bilateral oval window fistulas following lightning injury, are presented. Audiologic, otologic, and surgical findings are reviewed as well as patient follow‐up and outcome.
The role of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle in phonation: An electromyographic investigation in dogs
Authors: Mu Liancai , Yang Shilin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle during respiration has been well investigated electromyographically. Its activity during phonation, however, has not been studied systematically. We, therefore, focused our attention on the phonatory activity of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle to confirm whether it also contracts during phonation, as has been reported by some researchers. In our series of 12 adult dogs, the posterior cricoarytenoid was active in 11 dogs and inactive in one dog during phonation. Our present study also showed that the posterior cricoarytenoid activity was stronger for phonation than for inspiration in 6, stronger for inspiration than for phonation in 3, and the same for phonation and inspiration in 2 dogs. The results obtained from the present electromyographic evaluation demonstrated that the posterior cricoarytenoid is activated during phonation. The authors believe that the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle has phonatory function and that the phonatory effect of this muscle on the vocal cord may play an important role in precise glottis control.
Singular neurectomy update. II. Review of 102 cases
Authors: Gacek Richard R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDuring the past 18 years, 102 singular neurectomies (SN) were performed on 95 patients with chronic cupulolithiasis of the posterior canal sense organ. Bilateral sequential singular neurectomies were performed in 7 patients and unilateral singular neurectomies in 88 patients. Ninety‐nine (97%) of the 102 singular neurectomies completely eliminated the positional nystagmus and vertigo produced by the involved (undermost) ear in the Hallpike maneuver. Following three singular neurectomies (3%), there was improvement but incomplete relief from the positional nystagmus. A sensorineural hearing loss caused by the singular neurectomies occurred in four patients (4%). A thorough knowledge of the surgical and histologic anatomy of the round window niche and singular canal, together with the use of local anesthesia to allow monitoring of a vestibular response to singular neurectomy are essential for effectiveness and safety.
The nasal septum in relation to the development of the nasomaxillary complex: A study in identical twins
Authors: Grymer Luisa F. , Pallisgaard Carsten , Melsen Birte 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe influence of the nasal septum and respiration, evaluated by the total nasal resistance (TR) on the development of the nasomaxillary complex, was studied in 42 identical twins. An understanding of this influence is important for a determination of whether surgery involving the nose should be performed in children.Comparison within and between twins with different septal deformities indicated that the cartilaginous nasal septum influences the development of the nose and the anteroposterior dimensions of the maxilla. Anterior septal deformities resulted in underdeveloped cartilaginous noses and a shorter anteroposterior dimension for the maxilla. No relation was found with regard to posterior septal deformities, which may be considered as part of the development of the midface. Vertical dimensions of the face were related to TR. Increased values of TR were significantly related to a shorter maxillary height. This may not express a causal relationship but rather genetically determined shorter facial dimensions.
Soft‐tissue complications of laser surgery for recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
Authors: Ossoff Robert H. , Werkhaven Jay A. , Dere Huseyin 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐two patients with recurrent respiratory papillomatosis underwent 105 carbon dioxide (CO2) laser microlaryngoscopic and tracheobronchoscopic operations from July 1986 through February 1990. All soft‐tissue complications, whether intraoperative or delayed secondary to laser surgery, were retrospectively analyzed. The intraoperative laser‐related soft‐tissue complication rate was zero. Two of the 22 patients acquired slight unilateral true vocal cord scar tissue and 1 patient developed a small posterior laryngeal web. The delayed soft‐tissue complication rate was 13.6%, which compares favorably with published reports of 28.7% and 45%. This low complication rate has resulted from the selection of appropriate CO2laser emission parameters and the use of the microspot micromanipulator, which help minimize lateral and/or deep thermal damage at the site of laser impact.
Study of the normal and insufficient velopharyngeal valve by the “forced sucking test”
Authors: Finkelstein Yehuda , Talmi Yoav P. , Kravitz Klara , Bar‐Ziv Jacob , Nachmani Ariela , Hauben Daniel J. , Zohar Yuval 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA thorough assessment of the velopharyngeal (VP) closure dynamics is important for therapeutic planning in patients with nasal speech. An additional diagnostic tool to the standard endoscopic examination of the VP valve, the “Forced Sucking Test” (FST) is presented. In this study, 110 patients with a normal VP valve and 40 patients with VP insufficiency were subjected to a comprehensive endoscopic examination. When existent, Passavant's ridge clearly appears in 80% of these cases during the FST. This is advantageous, since the ridge is often unseen during routine nasendoscopy. Passavant's ridge appears indistinguishable in shape and level during speech and FST. During FST, the bulge of the uvular ridge is clearly seen on the flat or concave nasal surface of the velum. In cases of diastasis of the velar musculature, the midline V‐defect of the velum is clearly seen. The test is particularly important in children with concomitant adenoid hypertrophy. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the anatomy and physiology of the VP valve. FST is recommended as an additional and complementary part of the endoscopic examination of the VP valve.
Caustic ingestion injuries of the upper aerodigestive tract
Authors: Scott John C. , Jones Bronwyn , Eisele David W. , Ravich William J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFew reports have described in detail the injuries that occur to the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx following caustic ingestion.1The role of dynamic radiographic studies to delineate the extent of damage has been minimized.2In‐depth radiographic analysis of such cases has not, to our knowledge, been previously reported. In order to examine the injuries and functional abnormalities of these sites following caustic ingestion, the records of The Johns Hopkins Swallowing Center were reviewed. Five patients were identified as having significant upper aerodigestive tract caustic injuries. All patients had dysphagia, epiglottis injuries, and incomplete laryngeal protection with aspiration. Four of five had sustained some degree of esophageal stenosis. Also noted were pharyngeal muscle dysfunction, nasopharyngeal regurgitation, tongue fixation, and hypopharyngeal stenosis. Roentgenographic findings are described and illustrated. The multidisciplinary approach to the management and rehabilitation of these patients is discussed.
Hearing results in retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy
Authors: Teixido Michael , Wiet Richard J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients having retrolabyrinthine vestibular neurectomy (RLVN) may have complications that compromise hearing. While most reviews have emphasized sensorineural loss, less attention has been given to conductive hearing loss, which may complicate RLVN. Hearing results of 25 consecutive cases of RLVN performed for Meniere's disease with incapacitating vertigo were tabulated according to 1985 American Academy of Otolaryngology (AAO) guidelines. Nine patients (36%) had improved hearing postoperatively, 5 (20%) had no change in hearing, and 11 (44%) had worse hearing postoperatively. The most commonly observed audiometric change was low‐frequency conductive hearing loss, presumably secondary to partial ossicular fixation by bone dust or fat fibrosis in the attic and antrum. Five patients (20%) had low‐frequency conductive hearing losses that increased by 10 dB or greater over preoperative levels. An additional 7 patients had lesser losses at low frequencies. One patient had a flat conductive hearing loss. Six (24%) of the patients had a decrease in bone levels of greater than 10 dB. Overall hearing results in this study are comparable to those of other series in the literature. Causes and prevention of conductive hearing loss in RLVN are discussed, and a format for presentation of hearing data that will highlight conductive hearing loss after surgery for Meniere's disease is presented.
Comparison of pulsed and continuous wave light in photodynamic therapy of papillomas: An experimental study
Authors: Shikowitz Mark J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPapillomavirus infection of the upper aerodigestive tract is a serious and potentially life‐threatening disease which can result in complete respiratory obstruction. Papillomas are the most common benign neoplasm of the larynx in children but have been shown to have an equal propensity to occur in adults. The hallmark of this disease is one of multiple recurrences despite adequate surgical removal, often resulting in a frustrating and prolonged clinical course. Multiple treatment modalities have been used throughout the years, unfortunately with limited success.Recent reports on the treatment of virally induced lesions with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin derivative (HPD) or its newly purified form dihematoporphyrin ether (DHE) as photosensitizing agents have appeared in the literature. The successful treatment of papillomas in both the animal model and humans holds great promise. The most commonly used activating light source has been the argon pumped‐dye laser (ADL) which produces a continuous wave of coherent light at 630 nm. Although the ADL has proved efficacious in most studies, its cost, size, special cooling water requirements, and large electrical power requirements with limited power output have made it a less than desirable clinical tool.The gold vapor laser (GVL) has been recently proposed as a possible alternate light source for PDT. This laser appears to be more efficient and offers greater power output while requiring less electrical energy than the ADL. The GVL does not produce the same continuous wave light as the ADL but emits pulsed light with high peak power pulses. Some reports have shown a greater tumor response using the GVL at 628 nm, possibly because of greater tissue penetration from the high‐peak power pulses. At this time, no studies have investigated the effects of pulsed light during PDT on virally induced papillomas.The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of pulsed light from a GVL as compared to continuous wave light of the ADL in the treatment of papillomas with DHE phototherapy. Statistical analysis of the rate of tumor response, histological changes, and molecular analysis of viral DNA from the involved tissues were performed. Results have shown that the GVL did produce a greater initial rate of tumor response during the first 3 weeks after PDT but did not improve the overall cure rate. Histological and molecular analysis of the treated tissues demonstrated that similar results were obtained when either the ADL or GVL were used as activating light sources.