bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Expanding Education Researchers’ Access to Classroom Observation Data With a Remote and Cost-Effective Video Data Collection Protocol
Authors: McLean Leigh , Espinoza Paul , Tilley Kati , Foote Lori , Jones Nathan , Kelcey Ben 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated long-term shifts to virtual instruction among most US schools presented notable challenges among education researchers. Ongoing projects conducted in school settings experienced sudden losses of access to teacher and student participants, in many cases leading to severe interruptions to data collection efforts. Perhaps most notably, upon returns to in-person instruction in the 2021/22 academic year most schools instigated strict policies limiting the number of non-school personnel who could enter school buildings, including researchers conducting in-person data collections. As such, many researchers had to find alternative means to gather data. In this paper, we offer a new protocol that we created in response to these challenges that allows for the secure and fully remote collection of video data in school settings. This new protocol not only addressed the immediate needs of the focal study but also addresses some of the most notable barriers to collecting classroom video data in the field of education research at large. In this paper, we describe the initial development and application of this protocol among a local study of elementary teachers, as well as the scaling of this protocol in a study of elementary teachers in multiple states. It is our hope that this protocol can expand education researchers’, practitioners’, and policymakers’ access to classroom video data.
Pictorial and Apictorial Polygonal Jigsaw Puzzles from Arbitrary Number of Crossing Cuts
Authors: Harel Peleg , Shahar Ofir Itzhak , Ben-Shahar Ohad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractJigsaw puzzle solving, the problem of constructing a coherent whole from a set of non-overlapping unordered visual fragments, is fundamental to numerous applications, and yet most of the literature of the last two decades has focused thus far on less realistic puzzles whose pieces are identical squares. Here we formalize a new type of jigsaw puzzle where the pieces are general convex polygons generated by cutting through a global polygonal shape/image with an arbitrary number of straight cuts, a generation model inspired by the celebrated Lazy caterer’s sequence. We analyze the theoretical properties of such puzzles, including the inherent challenges in solving them once pieces are contaminated with geometrical noise. To cope with such difficulties and obtain tractable solutions, we abstract the problem as a multi-body spring-mass dynamical system endowed with hierarchical loop constraints and a layered reconstruction process. We define evaluation metrics and present experimental results on both apictorial and pictorial puzzles to show that they are solvable completely automatically.
Study of prevalence, risk factors for acute kidney injury, and mortality in liver cirrhosis patients
Authors: Mohan Pooja Basthi , Nagaraju Shankar Prasad , Musunuri Balaji , Rajpurohit Siddheesh , Bhat Ganesh , Shetty Shiran 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in patients with end-stage liver disease and cirrhosis and is associated with increased short-term mortality. This study aims to study the prevalence and risk factors associated with AKI development and mortality in cirrhosis of liver patients.

Methodology
In the current prospective study, hospitalized patients with liver cirrhosis from October 2021 to March 2023 were recruited. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected, which included, the etiology of cirrhosis, comorbidities, severity of liver disease, and relevant biochemical parameters. The patient was followed up for 90 days to record the clinical outcome. The statistical software SPSS was utilized to conduct the analysis.

Results
Of 364 liver cirrhosis patients, 25.2% (n, 92) had AKI and belonged to an average age of 51.54 ± 11.82 years. The majority of individuals in the study were males (90.4%), and alcohol (63.4%) was the most common etiology of liver cirrhosis. The present study showed that higher level of direct bilirubin (p = 0.011) and MELD score (p = 0.0001) were identified as significant risk factors for AKI development in patients with liver cirrhosis. Regarding mortality, the significant risk factors were the presence of AKI (p = 0.045) and MELD score (p = 0.025). Among AKI patients, 90-day mortality rates were higher in patients with acute tubular necrosis (p value = 0.010) and stage 3 AKI (p value = 0.001).

Conclusion
AKI is common in cirrhosis of liver patients. Elevated levels of direct bilirubin and MELD score emerged as significant factors associated with AKI development. Furthermore, AKI and MELD scores were identified as independent risk factors for mortality at both 30 and 90 days. Survival rates were influenced by both the type and stage of AKI; AKI stage 3 and ATN patients had significantly higher mortality rate. Early AKI detection and management are crucial for reducing mortality risk in liver cirrhosis patients.
Optimization for cost-effective design of water distribution networks: a comprehensive learning approach
Authors: Bala Indu , Yadav Anupam , Kim Joong Hoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Comprehensive Learning Gravitational Search Algorithm (CLGSA) has demonstrated its effectiveness in solving continuous optimization problems. In this research, we extended the CLGSA to tackle NP-hard combinatorial problems and introduced the Discrete Comprehensive Learning Gravitational Search Algorithm (D-CLGSA). The D-CLGSA framework incorporated a refined position and velocity update scheme tailored for discrete problems. To evaluate the algorithm's efficiency, we conducted two sets of experiments. Firstly, we assessed its performance on a diverse range of 24 benchmarks encompassing unimodal, multimodal, composite, and special discrete functions. Secondly, we applied the D-CLGSA to a practical optimization problem involving water distribution network planning and management. The D-CLGSA model was coupled with the hydraulic simulation solver EPANET to identify the optimal design for the water distribution network, aiming for cost-effectiveness. We evaluated the model's performance on six distribution networks, namely Two-loop network, Hanoi network, New-York City network, GoYang network, BakRyun network, and Balerma network. The results of our study were promising, surpassing previous studies in the field. Consequently, the D-CLGSA model holds great potential as an optimizer for economically and reliably planning and managing water networks.
Elderly patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors in a multicentre cohort
Authors: Pla Helena , Felip Eudald , Obadia Verónica , Pernas Sonia , Viñas Gemma , Margelí Mireia , Fort-Culillas Roser , Del Barco Sonia , Sabaté Nuria , Fort Eduard , Lezcano Clara , Cirauqui Beatriz , Quiroga Vanesa , Stradella Agostina , Gil Gil Miguel , Esteve Anna , Recalde Sabela 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction
Cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors (CDK 4/6i) combined with endocrine therapy have become the gold standard in hormone receptor-positive (HR +) HER2-negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC). However, there is a significant lack of data regarding the efficacy and safety of these treatments in elderly patients. We present the results of a real-world data (RWD) cohort stratified by age at treatment initiation (≥ 70 years compared to patients < 70 years).

Methods
Clinico-pathological data of HR + HER2- MBC patients who were candidates for CDK4/6i therapy between January 2017 and December 2020 at the Institut Català d'Oncologia (Spain) were retrospectively collected. The primary goal was to assess Progression-Free Survival (PFS), Overall Survival (OS), and safety outcomes within this patient population.

Results
A total of 274 patients with MBC who received CDK4/6i treatment were included in the study. Among them, 84 patients (30.8%) were aged ≥ 70 years, with a mean age of 75, while 190 patients (69.2%) were under the age of 70, with a mean age of 55.7 years. The most frequently observed grade 3–4 toxicity was neutropenia, with similar rates in both the < 70 group (43.9%) and the ≥ 70 group (47.9%) (p = 0.728). The median Progression-Free Survival (mPFS) for the first-line CDK4/6i treatment was 22 months (95% CI, 15.4–39.8) in the < 70 group and 20.8 months (95% CI 11.2–NR) in the ≥ 70 group (p = 0.67). Similarly, the median PFS for the second-line CDK4/6i treatment was 10.4 months (95% CI, 7.4–15.1) and 7.1 months (95% CI 4.4–21.3) (p = 0.79), respectively. Median overall survival (mOS) was not reached either for the first- and second-line treatment.

Conclusions
Our RWD suggests that elderly patients, when compared to those under 70, experience similar survival outcomes and exhibit comparable tolerance for CDK4/6i therapy.
Exploring neuro-symbolic AI applications in geoscience: implications and future directions for mineral prediction
Authors: Chen Weilin , Ma Xiaogang , Wang Zhe , Li Wenjia , Fan Chao , Zhang Jiyin , Que Xiang , Li Chenhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe integration of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) into geoscience has experienced a pronounced uptick in recent years, a trend propelled by the intricate nature of geosystems and the abundance of data they produce. These computational methods have been harnessed across a spectrum of geoscientific challenges, from climate modeling to seismic analysis, exhibiting notable efficacy in extracting valuable insights from intricate geological datasets for applications such as mineral prediction. A thorough analysis of the literature indicates a marked escalation in AI-centric geoscience research starting in 2018, characterized by a predictive research orientation and a persistent focus on key computational terms. The thematic network and evolution analyses underscore the enduring prominence of “deep learning” and “machine learning” as pivotal themes, alongside progressive developments in “transfer learning” and “big data”. Despite these advancements, other methodologies have garnered comparatively lesser focus. While ML and DL have registered successes in the realm of mineral prediction, their amalgamation with domain-specific knowledge and symbolic reasoning could further amplify their interpretability and operational efficiency. Neuro-Symbolic AI (NSAI) emerges as a cutting-edge approach that synergizes DL’s robust capabilities with the precision of symbolic reasoning, facilitating the creation of models that are both powerful and interpretable. NSAI distinguishes itself by surmounting traditional ML constraints through the incorporation of expert insights and delivering explanatory power behind its predictive prowess, rendering it particularly advantageous for mineral prediction tasks. This literature review delves into the promising potential of NSAI, alongside ML and DL, within the geoscientific domain, spotlighting mineral prediction as a key area of focus. Despite the hurdles associated with infusing domain expertise into symbolic formats and mitigating biases inherent in symbolic reasoning, the application of NSAI in the realm of critical mineral prediction stands to catalyze a paradigm shift in the field. By bolstering prediction accuracy, enhancing decision-making processes, and fostering sustainable resource exploitation, NSAI holds the potential to significantly reshape geoscience’s future trajectory.
A Review of Seagrass Cover, Status and Trends in Africa
Authors: Mwikamba Edward Mutwiri , Githaiga Michael N. , Briers Robert A. , Huxham Mark 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe recognition of the benefits that seagrasses contribute has enhanced the research interest in these marine ecosystems. Seagrasses provide critical goods and services and support the livelihoods of millions of people. Despite this, they are declining around the globe. To conserve these ecosystems, it is necessary to understand their extent and the drivers leading to their loss. However, global seagrass cover estimates are highly uncertain and there are large regional data gaps, especially in the African continent. This work reviewed all available data on the extent of seagrass cover, evidence of changes in cover and drivers of this change in Africa, to inform management and conservation approaches across the continent and identify gaps in knowledge. Using a systematic review and expert consultation, 43 relevant articles were identified. Of the 41 African countries with a coastline, 27% had no data on seagrass cover. For 44%, data were available for some parts of their coastline, while 29% had data for their entire coastline. Quantitative information on trends in seagrass cover change was only available from three countries. The study identified 32 suggested drivers of seagrass cover loss, with impacts from fishing mentioned most frequently. Direct anthropogenic drivers accounted for 66.7% of the mentions, while climate and biologically induced drivers accounted for 22.7% and 10.6%, respectively. This study demonstrates the need for better estimates of seagrass extent, in at least 70% of relevant African nations, and major gaps in our understanding of the drivers of seagrass decline in Africa.
In vivo evaluation of a Nano-enabled therapeutic vitreous substitute for the precise delivery of triamcinolone to the posterior segment of the eye
Authors: Naik Kruti , du Toit Lisa Claire , Ally Naseer , Choonara Yahya Essop 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study focused on the design of a thermoresponsive, nano-enabled vitreous substitute for the treatment of retinal diseases. Synthesis of a hydrogel composed of hyaluronic acid and a poloxamer blend was undertaken. Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) acid nanoparticles encapsulating triamcinolone acetonide (TA) were synthesised with a spherical morphology and mean diameter of ~ 153 nm. Hydrogel fabrication and nanoparticle loading within the hydrogel was confirmed via physicochemical analysis. Gelation studies indicated that hydrogels formed in nine minutes and 10 min for the unloaded and nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels, respectively. The hydrogels displayed in situ gel formation properties, and rheometric viscoelastic studies indicated the unloaded and loaded hydrogels to have modulus values similar to those of the natural vitreous at 37 °C. Administration of the hydrogels was possible via 26G needles allowing for clinical application and drug release of triamcinolone acetonide from the nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel, which provided sustained in vitro drug release over nine weeks. The hydrogels displayed minimal swelling, reaching equilibrium swelling within 12 h for the unloaded hydrogel, and eight hours for the nanoparticle-loaded hydrogel. Biodegradation in simulated vitreous humour with lysozyme showed < 20% degradation within nine weeks. Biocompatibility of both unloaded and loaded hydrogels was shown with mouse fibroblast and human retinal pigment epithelium cell lines. Lastly, a pilot in vivo study in a New Zealand White rabbit model displayed minimal toxicity with precise, localised drug release behaviour, and ocular TA levels maintained within the therapeutic window for the 28-day investigation period, which supports the potential applicability of the unloaded and nanoparticle-loaded hydrogels as vitreous substitutes that function as drug delivery systems following vitrectomy surgery.
Graphical Abstract
Catalyzing Progress: a Comprehensive Review of Cancer Rehabilitation Education for Rehabilitation Specialists
Authors: Newell Alaina , Malhotra Jasmine , Raoof Elizabeth , Thess Melissa , Grasso Patrick , Power Katherine , Wisotzky Eric 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The growing population of cancer survivors shows the crucial role of cancer rehabilitation. Despite advancement in cancer treatments, a significant proportion of survivors experience physical and cognitive impairments. This paper looks to review the current state of cancer rehabilitation education, focusing on interdisciplinary rehabilitation specialists. Physician education in cancer rehabilitation is examined, revealing disparities among programs and the slow integration into PM&R residency training.

Recent Findings
The number of physician-focused cancer rehabilitation fellowships are growing and significant variation exists among these programs. Therapist education in oncology rehabilitation is also expanding including certification programs with the role of organizations such as APTA, AOTA, and ASHA. Accreditation standards from CARF, NCCN, and CoC can provide potential benchmarks for practice requirements alongside the advancements made by AAPM&R, ACRM, and MASCC.

Summary
This paper notes the strides made in cancer rehabilitation education but also highlights the persistent gaps that exist. While there are promising findings, there are also large opportunities for future growth in cancer rehabilitation education. Our hope is that this exploration can inspire expanding opportunities for growth within the interdisciplinary field of cancer rehabilitation.
A Critical Review of Literature on Social Media and Developmental Communication Disability: Implications for Future Social Media and Generative AI Research
Authors: Hemsley Bronwyn , Given Fiona , Almond Barbara , Cooper Jenna , Smith Rebecca , Young Kirsty , Wright Evana 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
The widespread use of social media and recent development and use of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) has implications for the advancement of inclusive communication technologies to benefit people with developmental communication disability. This paper synthesises and critiques recent research on social media use in populations with developmental communication disability, discusses the intersection of social media and GenAI that could impact this population, and provides directions for future research.

Recent Findings
There is encouraging growth in the use of innovative methods to gather the views of people with developmental communication disability on their use of social media, advancing understanding of the risks they face and how they and their supporters manage these risks. However, there continues an underutilization of social media data published by and with people with developmental communication disability and a lack of co-design. Moving beyond patterns and purposes of use, future inclusive and co-designed research with this population should (a) include social media data, whether independently or co-produced with supporters; (b) explore the under-researched legal, ethical, and safety issues; (c) measure the outcomes and impact of social media publication in relation to the user or user group’s emancipation, education, and enablement; and (d) consider the impact of GenAI on social media use for this group.

Summary
Continued attention to the safe and enjoyable use of social media for all those who wish to use it, and foundational research on the uptake and use of GenAI, will be important to understand and support the advanced communication technology support needs of people with developmental communication disability. To inform future advances in both social media and GenAI for populations with developmental communication disability, future research directions are proposed.
Association between Mediterranean diet and dementia and Alzheimer disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Nucci Daniele , Sommariva Andrea , Degoni Luca Mario , Gallo Giulia , Mancarella Matteo , Natarelli Federica , Savoia Antonella , Catalini Alessandro , Ferranti Roberta , Pregliasco Fabrizio Ernesto , Castaldi Silvana , Gianfredi Vincenza 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Dementia affects 5–8% of the population aged over 65 years (~50 million worldwide). Several factors are associated with increased risk, including diet. The Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) has shown potential protective effects against several chronic diseases.

Aims
This systematic review with meta-analysis aim was to assess the association between adherence to the MedDiet and the risk of dementia in the elderly.

Methods
PRISMA-2020 guidelines were followed. PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus were searched on 17 July 2023. The Newcastle–Ottawa Scale tool was used to assess the risk of bias. The protocol was pre-registered in PROSPERO (registration number: CRD 42023444368). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 test. Publication bias was assessed by visual inspection of the funnel plot and by Egger’s regression asymmetry test. The final effect size was reported as OR or HR, depending on the study design of the included studies.

Results
Out of 682 records, 21 were included in the analysis. The pooled OR was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.84–0.94) based on 65,955 participants (I2 = 69.94). When only cohort studies were included, HR was 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76–0.94) based on 55,205 participants (I2 = 89.70). When only Alzheimer Disease was considered OR was 0.73 (95% CI = 0.62–0.85) based on 38,292 participants (I2 = 63.85).

Discussion
Despite the relatively low risk reduction associated with higher adherence to MedDiet among elderly, it should be considered that this population is the most affected.

Conclusions
Adherence to MedDiet could be an effective non-pharmacological measure to reduce the burden of dementia, even among elderly.
The late-Quaternary megafauna extinctions: Patterns, causes, ecological consequences and implications for ecosystem management in the Anthropocene
Authors: Svenning Jens-Christian , Lemoine Rhys T. , Bergman Juraj , Buitenwerf Robert , Le Roux Elizabeth , Lundgren Erick , Mungi Ninad , Pedersen Rasmus Ø. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcross the last ~50,000 years (the late Quaternary) terrestrial vertebrate faunas have experienced severe losses of large species (megafauna), with most extinctions occurring in the Late Pleistocene and Early to Middle Holocene. Debate on the causes has been ongoing for over 200 years, intensifying from the 1960s onward. Here, we outline criteria that any causal hypothesis needs to account for. Importantly, this extinction event is unique relative to other Cenozoic (the last 66 million years) extinctions in its strong size bias. For example, only 11 out of 57 species of megaherbivores (body mass ≥1,000 kg) survived to the present. In addition to mammalian megafauna, certain other groups also experienced substantial extinctions, mainly large non-mammalian vertebrates and smaller but megafauna-associated taxa. Further, extinction severity and dates varied among continents, but severely affected all biomes, from the Arctic to the tropics. We synthesise the evidence for and against climatic or modern human (Homo sapiens) causation, the only existing tenable hypotheses. Our review shows that there is little support for any major influence of climate, neither in global extinction patterns nor in fine-scale spatiotemporal and mechanistic evidence. Conversely, there is strong and increasing support for human pressures as the key driver of these extinctions, with emerging evidence for an initial onset linked to pre-sapienshominins prior to the Late Pleistocene. Subsequently, we synthesize the evidence for ecosystem consequences of megafauna extinctions and discuss the implications for conservation and restoration. A broad range of evidence indicates that the megafauna extinctions have elicited profound changes to ecosystem structure and functioning. The late-Quaternary megafauna extinctions thereby represent an early, large-scale human-driven environmental transformation, constituting a progenitor of the Anthropocene, where humans are now a major player in planetary functioning. Finally, we conclude that megafauna restoration via trophic rewilding can be expected to have positive effects on biodiversity across varied Anthropocene settings.