bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Gender and long‐term metabolic toxicities from antiretroviral therapy in HIV‐1 infected persons
Authors: Boulassel Mohamed‐Rachid , Morales Rosa , Murphy Tanya , Lalonde Richard G. , Klein Marina B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractGender differences in a large population‐based cohort of HIV‐1 infected patients (245 women and 723 men) were examined with respect to the incidence of metabolic and morphologic alterations after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Patients initiated HAART between January 1996 and December 2003. The outcome measures were the incidence of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, symptomatic lactic acidosis, treatment‐limiting lipodystrophy, and hypersensitivity reaction. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the crude and adjusted hazard ratios of reaching the endpoints for exposures and covariates. Women were younger than men (35 ± 9.8 vs. 40 ± 8.2 years, P < 0.001) and more frequently from Haiti or Africa (59%), whereas 76% of men were Canadian‐born. Type of initial HAART regimen did not differ between women and men. There were no gender differences in the overall incidence of hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, or treatment‐limiting lipodystrophy, even after adjusting for age, CD4 cell count, viral load, time since HIV diagnosis, history of AIDS‐defining illness and year of HAART initiation. In contrast, women had significantly higher risk of developing lactic acidosis than men (P = 0.0009). Hypersensitivity reactions were also more frequent in women than men (adjusted hazard ratio = 4.4 (95% CI: 2.1–9.3)). Collectively, these data suggest that metabolic toxicities after HAART do not differ by gender but that lactic acidosis and hypersensitivity reactions are more frequent in women than men. J. Med. Virol. 78:1158–1163, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phylogenetic relatedness and genetic diversity of hepatitis B virus isolates in Eastern India
Authors: Banerjee Arup , Kurbanov Fuat , Datta Sibnarayan , Chandra Partha Kumar , Tanaka Yasuhito , Mizokami Masashi , Chakravarty Runu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) has been classified into eight genotypes, and several subgenotypes, distinctly distributed geographically. The genotypes A and D were previously reported to be predominant in India. Recent studies indicated evidence of circulation of genotype C in Eastern part of India. With the aim to confirm the phylogenetic relation and molecular genetic characteristics of the HBV circulating in Kolkata, the most populous city in Eastern India, 11 strains were isolated and the complete genome sequences were analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis determined; three genotype C (adr‐serotype) isolates closely related with C1 (Cs) subgenotype references from South East Asia, and three genotype A (adw2‐serotype) isolates, related to Asia‐variant references of subgenotype A1 (Aa). Whereas, five genotype D (ayw2, ayw3 serotype) isolates were highly divergent; one was related to subgenotype D1, two to subgenotype D3, and the remaining two clustered with a single genotype D isolate from Japan belonging to an unclassified subgenotype. Together, these two isolates differed from HBV D1–D4 subgenotypes by nucleotide differences ranging from 5.0 to 5.49%, probably indicating a new subgenotype, which we designate as D5. All serotype ayw3 of genotype D isolates had specific amino acid substitution Threonine at codon 118 and Methionine at codon 125 in antigenic determinant of surface gene that has not been reported previously in isolates from other parts of India. In conclusion; using the complete genome analyses this study has confirmed circulation of the genotype C in Eastern part of India and demonstrated considerable genotypic heterogeneity of the Indian genotype D. J. Med. Virol. 78:1164–1174, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of hepatitis B virus subgenotype A3 in rural Gabon
Authors: Makuwa Maria , Souquière Sandrine , Telfer Paul , Apetrei Cristian , Vray Muriel , Bedjabaga Issa , Mouinga‐Ondeme Augustin , Onanga Richard , Marx Preston A. , Kazanji Mirdad , Roques Pierre , Simon François 
Published: July 2006

AbstractAn hepatitis B virus (HBV) molecular survey was conducted in five remote villages in the equatorial forest in Gabon, Central Africa. Two hundred seventy out of 311 inhabitants (86.8%) were HBV‐infected or had evidence of past HBV infection. Chronic hepatitis corresponding to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positivity was suspected in 27 (8.6%) of the HBV‐infected subjects. High HBV viral loads were detected mainly in children aged 4–7 years. The pre‐S/S domains were sequenced in 13 cases and 12 strains belonged to HBV‐A genotype. In one case we found evidence for recombination between genotypes A and E. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Gabonese HBV strains were distinct from HBV‐A subgenotypes (A1 and A2). These new HBV strains from Gabon clustered with previously reported HBV‐A3 subgenotype strains from Cameroon and Democratic Republic of Congo. The analysis of the pre‐S2 domain allowed us to determine two amino acid substitutions (N/152/S and N/174/T) specific to the Central African HBV‐A3 subgenotype strains and one amino acid substitution (P/155/Q) unique to these new Gabonese HBV‐A3 subgenotype isolates. Two full genome sequences of two new Gabonese HBV isolates are also presented and confirm the distinctive HBV‐Gab‐A3 cluster. J. Med. Virol. 78:1175–1184, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Virus‐specific T‐cell responses associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) persistence in the liver after apparent recovery from HCV infection
Authors: Quiroga Juan A. , Llorente Silvia , Castillo Inmaculada , Rodríguez‐Iñigo Elena , López‐Alcorocho Juan Manuel , Pardo Margarita , Carreño Vicente 
Published: July 2006

AbstractHepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA persistence in the liver has been described even after apparent resolution of HCV infection. Because T‐cell reactivity plays a role in recovery from HCV infection, virus‐specific T‐cell responses were investigated in apparently recovered individuals in whom hepatic HCV RNA persistence was documented: 15 sustained virological responders to interferon (IFN)‐treatment and 9 asymptomatic aviremic anti‐HCV carriers. HCV‐specific CD4+ T‐cell proliferative responses were detected significantly more often in apparently recovered individuals (sustained virological responders: 60%; asymptomatic anti‐HCV carriers: 66%) compared with 50 chronic hepatitis C patients (28%; P < 0.05). However, T‐cell frequencies and numbers tended to decline over time and the number of HCV proteins targeted by CD4+ T‐cell proliferative responses was limited. Interestingly, liver viral load correlated inversely with virus‐specific immune responses. Thus, CD4+ T‐cell responders showed significantly lower hepatic HCV RNA levels (P < 0.05). HCV‐specific IFN‐γ‐secreting CD4+ T‐cells were not detected in all the apparently recovered patients although they were found significantly more often compared with chronic hepatitis C patients (P < 0.05). Also, HCV NS3‐specific CD8+ T‐cells were detected in 11 HLA‐A2‐positive apparently recovered individuals (8 sustained virological responders and 3 asymptomatic anti‐HCV carriers); T‐cell frequencies tended to be greater in those patients who had lower hepatic viral levels. In conclusion, HCV‐specific T‐cells are detectable in apparently recovered individuals in whom HCV RNA can persist in the liver indicating that HCV replication may be prolonged in the face of an insufficient or inadequate virus‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ T‐cell response. J. Med. Virol. 78:1190–1197, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evidence of shared Epstein‐Barr viral isolates between sexual partners, and low level EBV in genital secretions
Authors: Thomas Ranjit , Macsween Karen F. , McAulay Karen , Clutterbuck Daniel , Anderson Richard , Reid Stuart , Higgins Craig D. , Swerdlow Anthony J. , Harrison Nadine , Williams Hilary , Crawford Dorothy H. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEpstein‐Barr virus is present in the saliva of most persistently infected individuals and is generally thought to be spread by close oral contact. However, there are now several reports of EBV in genital secretions, suggesting the possibility of sexual transmission between adults. The present study was undertaken to investigate the risk of sexual transmission of EBV. PCR analysis was used to examined the degree to which a group (n = 11) of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM) shared the same viral isolates as their sexual partners, and compare this to the extent of isolate sharing among a different group (n = 18) of IM patients and their non‐sexual contacts. There was significantly more sharing of EBV isolates among the IM/sexual‐contact pairs than among the IM/non‐sexual‐contact pairs (P = 0.0012). Female cervical (n = 84), male urethral (n = 55), and semen (n = 30) samples from asymptomatic, unselected volunteers were analyzed for the presence of EBV DNA, revealing 7%, 5%, and 3% to be EBV positive, respectively. Fractionation of cervical and urethral samples into cellular and supernatant fluid components showed EBV to be mainly cell‐associated. Quantitation of EBV in these samples gave levels of below 10 EBV genomes per µg of DNA. Overall the findings support the possibility that EBV could on occasions be transmitted sexually, however, the low levels detected in genital secretions compared to saliva suggest that this is not a major transmission route. The finding of small quantities of cell‐associated virus suggests a latent infection; thus EBV is probably in the B lymphocyte rather than in the epithelial cell component of the secretions. J. Med. Virol. 78:1204–1209, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular identification of adenovirus sequences: A rapid scheme for early typing of human adenoviruses in diagnostic samples of immunocompetent and immunodeficient patients
Authors: Madisch Ijad , Wölfel Roman , Harste Gabi , Pommer Heidi , Heim Albert 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPrecise typing of human adenoviruses (HAdV) is fundamental for epidemiology and the detection of infection chains. As only few of the 51 adenovirus types are associated with life‐ threatening disseminated diseases in immunodeficient patients, detection of one of these types may have prognostic value and lead to immediate therapeutic intervention. A recently published molecular typing scheme consisting of two steps (sequencing of a generic PCR product closely adjacent to loop 1 of the main neutralization determinant ε, and for species HAdV‐B, ‐C, and ‐D the sequencing of loop 2 [Madisch et al., 2005]) was applied to 119 clinical samples. HAdV DNA was typed unequivocally even in cases of culture negative samples, for example in immunodeficient patients before HAdV causes high virus loads and disseminated disease. Direct typing results demonstrated the predominance of HAdV‐1, ‐2, ‐5, and ‐31 in immunodeficient patients suggesting the significance of the persistence of these viruses for the pathogenesis of disseminated disease. In contrast, HAdV‐3 predominated in immunocompetent patients and cocirculation of four subtypes was demonstrated. Typing of samples from a conjunctivitis outbreak in multiple military barracks demonstrated various HAdV types (2, 4, 8, 19) and not the suspected unique adenovirus etiology. This suggests that our molecular typing scheme will be also useful for epidemiological investigations. In conclusion, our two‐step molecular typing system will permit the precise and rapid typing of clinical HAdV isolates and even of HAdV DNA in clinical samples without the need of time‐consuming virus isolation prior to typing. J. Med. Virol. 78:1210–1217, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rotavirus diarrhea in children and adults in a southern city of Brazil in 2003: Distribution of G/P types and finding of a rare G12 strain
Authors: Pietruchinski Eduardo , Benati Fabrício , Lauretti Flávio , Kisielius Jonas , Ueda Marli , Volotão Eduardo M. , Soares Caroline C. , Hoshino Yasutaka , Linhares Rosa Elisa C. , Nozawa Carlos , Santos Norma 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBetween May and August in 2003, a total of 251 fecal samples were collected from children and adults with diarrhea (5 inpatients and 246 outpatients) at a private hospital in the city of Ponta Grossa, the state of Paraná, Brazil. Group A rotavirus was detected in 71 of 251 (28.3%) specimens: 55 (77.5%) from children under 5 years of age and 16 (22.5%) from individuals aged 6–72 years. All 71 strains exhibited a “long” RNA pattern when analyzed by PAGE. Sixty‐one positive samples that yielded enough RNA were submitted to PCR genotyping. The most frequent G/P genotype combination detected was G1P[8] (86.9%; 53/61) followed by G9P[8] (3.3%; 2/61) and G12P[9] (1.6%; 1/61). Rotaviruses with G2, G3, G4, P[4], or P[6] specificity were not detected. For three strains (4.9%) bearing G1 genotype, the VP4 specificity could no be determined, and two specimens (3.3%) remained G/P non‐typeable. One rotavirus strain (HC91) bearing G12P[9] genotype with a “long” electropherotype was isolated from an 11‐month‐old boy with diarrhea for the first time in Brazil. The cell‐culture grown HC91 strain was shown to belong to serotype G12 by neutralization. J. Med. Virol. 78:1241–1249, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
First detection of group C rotavirus in patients with gastroenteritis in Slovenia
Authors: Steyer Andrej , Poljšak‐Prijatelj Mateja , Bufon Tatjana , Sedmak Marjeta , Vidmar Ludvik , Mijovski Janet Zimšek , Marin Jožica 
Published: July 2006

AbstractGroup C rotaviruses are associated with sporadic gastroenteritis and outbreaks of diarrhea in children and adults worldwide. Three cases with group C rotavirus infection are described, and the molecular characterization of the gene for the major capsid protein VP6 is reported. Patients described in this report were 10 years old or more and had mild to moderate clinical symptoms. A high nucleotide (>98%) and amino acid (100%) identity was observed among all three isolated Slovenian group C rotavirus strains. The similar identity is confirmed of Slovenian strains with other human group C rotavirus isolates, which were seen to cluster separately from the animal group C rotavirus isolates by a phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of group C rotavirus detection in Slovenia. J. Med. Virol. 78:1250–1255, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Frequent detection of human rhinoviruses, paramyxoviruses, coronaviruses, and bocavirus during acute respiratory tract infections
Authors: Arden Katherine E. , McErlean Peter , Nissen Michael D. , Sloots Theo P. , Mackay Ian M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractViruses are the major cause of pediatric acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) and yet many suspected cases of infection remain uncharacterized. We employed 17 PCR assays and retrospectively screened 315 specimens selected by season from a predominantly pediatric hospital‐based population. Before the Brisbane respiratory virus research study commenced, one or more predominantly viral pathogens had been detected in 15.2% (n = 48) of all specimens. The Brisbane study made an additional 206 viral detections, resulting in the identification of a microbe in 67.0% of specimens. After our study, the majority of microbes detected were RNA viruses (89.9%). Overall, human rhinoviruses (HRVs) were the most frequently identified target (n = 140) followed by human adenoviruses (HAdVs; n = 25), human metapneumovirus (HMPV; n = 18), human bocavirus (HBoV; n = 15), human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV; n = 12), human coronaviruses (HCoVs; n = 11), and human herpesvirus‐6 (n = 11). HRVs were the sole microbe detected in 37.8% (n = 31) of patients with suspected lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI). Genotyping of the HRV VP4/VP2 region resulted in a proposed subdivision of HRV type A into sublineages A1 and A2. Most of the genotyped HAdV strains were found to be type C. This study describes the high microbial burden imposed by HRVs, HMPV, HRSV, HCoVs, and the newly identified virus, HBoV on a predominantly paediatric hospital population with suspected acute respiratory tract infections and proposes a new formulation of viral targets for future diagnostic research studies. J. Med. Virol. 78:1232–1240, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monolithic stationary phases for fast ion chromatography and capillary electrochromatography of inorganic ions
Authors: Schaller David , Hilder Emily F. , Haddad Paul R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe focus of this review is on current developments in monolithic stationary phases for the fast analysis of inorganic ions and other small molecules in ion chromatography (IC) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), concentrating in particular on the properties of organic (polymer) monolithic materials in comparison to inorganic (silica‐based) monoliths. The applicability of these materials for fast IC is discussed in the context of recent publications, including the range of synthesis and modification procedures described. While commercial monolithic silica columns already show promising results on current IC instrumentation, polymer‐based monolithic stationary phases are currently predominantly used in the capillary format on modified micro‐IC systems. However, they are beginning to find application in IC particularly under high pH conditions, with the potential to replace their particle‐packed counterparts.
Monopolar radiofrequency tissue tightening—how we do it in our practice
Authors: Burns A. Jay , Holden Stephanie G. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground and ObjectivesMonopolar radiofrequency has emerged as the standard for non‐surgical tissue tightening. However, its role, usefulness, and value remains unclear to many clinicians. Techniques and treatment parameters used by various practitioners can also be highly variable.Study Design/Materials and MethodsThe role of monopolar radiofrequency in our cosmetic plastic surgery practice will be defined and discussed. Our treatment algorithm will also be outlined.ResultsTreatment guidelines and reasonable expectations will be offered based on over 5 years of clinical and research experience with monopolar radiofrequency technology.ConclusionsMonopolar radiofrequency technology plays a unique and well‐defined role in our practice. Strict patient selection in conjunction with detailed, honest, informed consent are the keys to successful treatments and patient satisfaction. Lasers Surg. Med. 38:575–579, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic Field‐Induced Shape Transitions in Multiphase Polymer‐Liquid Crystal Blends
Authors: Das Susanta K. , Rey Alejandro D. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSummary:This paper presents a computational study of phase separation‐phase ordering‐texturing in blends of polymer coils and rod‐like nematic liquid crystals under the presence of magnetic fields, using an extended version of the Matsuyama‐Evans‐Cates model (Phys. Rev. E2000,61, 2977). This work demonstrates that demixing in these blends leads to droplet morphologies with tunable droplet shapes and director textures. In contrast to filled nematics, where solids are suspended in a nematic liquid crystal matrix, demixing in coil‐mesogenic rods blends leads to nematic emulsions, in which the deformable viscoelastic polymer drops are suspended in a nematic matrix. Under strong anchoring conditions, the imposition of a magnetic field leads to a director re‐orientation that due to strong anchoring produces a droplet shape change. Magnetic field‐induced shape transitions in these blends are shown to be second order with a finite critical field threshold that diverges as anchoring strength vanishes. A morphological‐texture diagram summarizes the magnetic field‐anchoring conditions that promote anisotropic shapes. This work presents additional material processing routes to design and control bi‐phasic morphologies in polymer‐liquid crystal blend.Computed morphology phase diagram in terms of magnetic field strength ΛMand anchoring strength. ΛϕQ.magnified imageComputed morphology phase diagram in terms of magnetic field strength ΛMand anchoring strength. ΛϕQ.
Generation of biologically active retro‐genes upon interaction of mouse spermatozoa with exogenous DNA
Authors: Pittoggi Carmine , Beraldi Rosanna , Sciamanna Ilaria , Barberi Laura , Giordano Roberto , Magnano Anna Rosa , Torosantucci Liliana , Pescarmona Edoardo , Spadafora Corrado 
Published: July 2006

AbstractMature spermatozoa of most animal species can spontaneously take up foreign DNA molecules which can be delivered to embryos upon fertilization. Following this procedure, transgenic animals of various species have been generated. We recently discovered a reverse transcriptase (RT) activity in mouse spermatozoa that can reverse‐transcribe exogenous RNA molecules into cDNA copies. These cDNA copies are transferred to embryos at fertilization, mosaic propagated as non‐integrated structures in tissues of founder individuals and further transmitted to F1 progeny. Reverse‐transcribed sequences behave as functional genes, being correctly expressed in tissues of F0 and F1 animals. To learn more about this mechanism and further characterize the reverse transcription step, we have now incubated spermatozoa with a plasmid harboring a green fluorescent protein (EGFP) retrotransposition cassette interrupted by an intron in the opposite orientation to the EGFP gene. We found that reverse‐transcribed spliced EGFP DNA sequences are generated in sperm cells and transmitted to embryos in IVF assays. After implantation in foster mothers, embryos developed into mice that expressed EGFP in the blood vessel endothelia of a variety of organs. The EGFP‐encoding cDNA sequences were detected in positive tissues as extrachromosomal mosaic‐propagated structures, maintained in low‐copy number (<1 copy/genome), and mosaic transmitted from founders to the F1 progeny. These results indicate that an efficient machinery is present in mature spermatozoa, which can transcribe, splice, and reverse‐transcribe exogenous DNA molecules. This mechanism is implicated in the genesis and non‐Mendelian propagation of new genetic information besides that contained in chromosomes. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Application of principal components analysis to 1H‐NMR data obtained from propolis samples of different geographical origin
Authors: Watson D. G. , Peyfoon E. , Zheng L. , Lu D. , Seidel V. , Johnston B. , Parkinson J. A. , Fearnley J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractPropolis is a widely used natural remedy and a range of biological activities have been attributed to it. The chemical composition of propolis is highly variable and its quality is often controlled on the basis of one or two marker compounds. In order to progress towards a method for the quality control of this complex material, HPLC and 1H‐NMR approaches as methods of quality control have been compared. HPLC analyses of 43 samples of propolis were carried out and six marker compounds were quantified in each sample. The same samples were analysed using 1H‐NMR and the spectra were then converted into their first derivative forms and digitised using the software application MestRe‐C. The digitised data were subjected to principal component analysis using the software application Simca‐P. It was found that the chemical composition of propolis mapped well according to the geographical origins of the samples studied when the first three principal components were used to display them. In addition, each sample was assessed for anti‐oxidant activity, and the results were then overlaid onto the sample groupings according to 1H‐NMR data. It was observed that anti‐oxidant properties also mapped quite well according to geographical origin. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.