bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Neuroendocrine modulation of stress response in the anuran, Rana esculenta
Authors: Mosconi Gilberto , Yamamoto Kazutoshi , Kikuyama Sakae , Carotti Marcello , Palermo Francesco , Polzonetti-Magni Alberta 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn amphibians, as in other vertebrates, stress stimuli have been found to affect different functions, including development, growth, and reproduction. A wide range of responsiveness to stressors has been reported for amphibians; for instance, capture and/or captivity stress induced changes both in the hypothalamus-pituitary-interrenal and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal axes. However, few studies have examined the response to stress in terms of recovery and/or adaptation by applying stress paradigms for a short and long-term duration. In the present paper, the short-term captivity stress responses were evaluated in the anuran Rana esculenta by measuring peripheral corticosterone, androgens, prolactin (PRL), and growth hormone (GH) changes. Moreover, in long-term captivity and salinity stress, effects were evaluated by measuring peripheral PRL changes and those of PRL mRNA in the pituitary together with plasma corticosterone and androgens. Short-term (24 h) captivity stress induced an increase of peripheral corticosterone together with that of GH and PRL since these hormones are involved in the "alarm phase" and in energy demand of stressed animals. The opposite trend was found for peripheral androgens, in view of the negative effects exerted by stress in the reproductive axis. In long-term (1 month) captivity and salinity stress, responses were consistent with the increasing of PRL mRNA at pituitary level, through a long-loop feedback mechanism depending on the decreasing levels of peripheral PRL, whereas no changes were found in the levels of plasma corticosterone and androgens. Therefore, it seems that Rana esculenta activates different neuroendocrine mechanisms depending on the duration of stress and on the types of stressors.
The Development of an Austenitic Stainless Steel Bearing with High Corrosion Resistance and High Nonmagnetic Property
Authors: Tanaka S , Ueda K , Mitamura N , Oohori M 
Published: August 2006

Abstract
Apparatus of the type used in liquid crystal and semiconductor production facilities, medical inspection facilities, and linear motor cars utilize a magnetic field. When operated, either driven or rotated, they may experience a disturbance of the ambient magnetic field. This is more likely to occur if the driven or rotating portion of the apparatus is formed from a magnetic material. In recent years, bearings use in apparatus utilizing a magnetic field were made in precipitation hardening stainless steels such as Mn-Cr-V series or Mn-Cr-Ni-V series. Although these steels have excellent corrosion resistance, compared to martensitic stainless steels like AISI 440C, it is still not sufficient. In addition, the typical hardness of a precipitation hardening stainless steel used for bearings is about 446 HV. The low hardness of the steel means that the durability of the bearing is often unsatisfactory. Therefore, work was undertaken to develop a bearing steel with improved properties. In addition, to having improved corrosion resistance and durability, the steel must also have a very low magnetic permeability. This led to the development of a carburized AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel. The carburizing was carried out at 500°C to produce a surface layer with a hardness around 800∼1000 HV, while retaining the excellent corrosion resistance and low magnetic permeability associated with this type of steel. Tests carried out have shown that despite the thinness of the hardened layer and low core hardness, in certain applications bearings made in carburized AISI 316L exhibited excellent durability together with low friction characteristics.
Splenectomy in plasma cell dyscrasias: A review of the clinical practice
Authors: Kapoor Prashant , Singh Ekta , Radhakrishnan Priya , Mehta Paulette 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPlasma cell dyscrasias are a group of clinically and biochemically diverse disorders of unknown etiology, characterized by the disproportionate proliferation of one or more clones of B cells, and the presence of a structurally and electrophoretically homogeneous (monoclonal) immunoglobulin or polypeptide subunit in serum or urine. The role of splenectomy in the management of plasma cell dyscrasias has not been well defined. Using MEDLINE, the authors searched the English‐language published literature from the year 1970 through September 2005 to determine the indications for splenectomy in plasma cell dyscrasias.A review of the literature in humans and animals supported the idea that the spleen provides a special microenvironment favorable for homing or differentiation of IgM producing B cells, and splenectomy can, at times, lead to remission in Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The other reported reasons for splenectomy in plasma cell dyscrasias are hypersplenism‐related pancytopenia, control of splenic plasmacytomas, and management of a splenic abscess. Splenic infiltration in primary amyloidosis can be an indication for splenectomy, where removal of a large spleen can also reverse an acquired factor X deficiency. Thus, the spleen can be considered a potential target organ for management of plasma cell dyscrasias, and therapeutic success has been achieved with removal of this organ.However, splenectomy can be a potentially morbid procedure in patients with plasma cell dyscrasias, and major postoperative complications include infection, hemorrhage, and thrombosis. Am. J. Hematol., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Binding affinities/avidities of antibody–antigen interactions: Quantification and scale‐up implications
Authors: Zhang Huading , Williams P. Stephen , Zborowski Maciej , Chalmers Jeffrey J. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBioaffinity interactions have been, and continue to be, successfully adapted from nature for use in separation and detection applications. It has been previously reported that the magnetophoretic mobility of labeled cells show a saturation type phenomenon as a function of the concentration of the free antibody–magnetic nanoparticle conjugate which is consistent with other reports of antibody–fluorophore binding. Starting with the standard antibody–antigen relationship, a model was developed which takes into consideration multi‐valence interactions, and various attributes of flow cytometry (FCM) and cell tracking velocimetry (CTV) measurements to determine both the apparent dissociation constant and the antibody‐binding capacity (ABC) of a cell. This model was then evaluated on peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) labeled with anti CD3 antibodies conjugated to FITC, PE, or DM (magnetic nanoparticles). Reasonable agreements between the model and the experiments were obtained. In addition, estimates of the limitation of the number of magnetic nanoparticles that can bind to a cell as a result of steric hinderance was consistent with measured values of magnetophoretic mobility. Finally, a scale‐up model was proposed and tested which predicts the amount of antibody conjugates needed to achieve a given level of saturation as the total number of cells reaches 1010, the number of cells needed for certain clinical applications, such as T‐cell depletions for mismatched bone marrow transplants. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Respirometric evaluation and modeling of glucose utilization by Escherichia coli under aerobic and mesophilic cultivation conditions
Authors: Insel G. , Celikyilmaz G. , Ucisik‐Akkaya E. , Yesiladali K. , Cakar Z.P. , Tamerler C. , Orhon D. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe study presents a mechanistic model for the evaluation of glucose utilization by Escherichia coli under aerobic and mesophilic growth conditions. In the first step, the experimental data was derived from batch respirometric experiments conducted at 37°C, using two different initial substrate to microorganism (S0/X0) ratios of 15.0 and 1.3 mgCOD/mgSS. Acetate generation, glycogen formation and oxygen uptake rate profile were monitored together with glucose uptake and biomass increase throughout the experiments. The oxygen uptake rate (OUR) exhibited a typical profile accounting for growth on glucose, acetate and glycogen. No acetate formation (overflow) was detected at low initial S0/X0 ratio. In the second step, the effect of culture history developed under long‐term growth limiting conditions on the kinetics of glucose utilization by the same culture was evaluated in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The system was operated at cyclic steady state with a constant mean cell residence time of 5 days. The kinetic response of E.coli culture was followed by similar measurements within a complete cycle. Model calibration for the SBR system showed that E. coli culture regulated its growth metabolism by decreasing the maximum growth rate (lower $\hat {\mu} _{\rm H}$) together with an increase of substrate affinity (lower KS) as compared to uncontrolled growth conditions. The continuous low rate operation of SBR system induced a significant biochemical substrate storage capability as glycogen in parallel to growth, which persisted throughout the operation. The acetate overflow was observed again as an important mechanism to be accounted for in the evaluation of process kinetics. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;96: 94–105. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
How many lines must miss d points in a linear space
Authors: Metsch Klaus 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt was remarked by P. Erdős, J. C. Fowler, V. T. Sós, and R. M. Wilson, (J Combin Theory Ser A 38, 1985, 131–142), that a non‐degenerate finite linear space on v points has the following property. For every point P the number of lines not passing through P is at least $\lfloor v-\sqrt v\rfloor$ with equality if and only if the linear space is a projective plane. We give a short proof for this result using an algebraic tool. The main purpose of the article however is to generalize this result in the direction that gives a lower bound for the number of lines not passing through a given number d of points. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 14: 441–450, 2006
Retracts of box products with odd‐angulated factors
Authors: Che Zhongyuan , Collins Karen L. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractLet G be a connected graph with odd girth 2κ+1. Then G is a (2κ+1)‐angulated graph if every two vertices of G are connected by a path such that each edge of the path is in some (2κ+1)‐cycle. We prove that if G is (2κ+1)‐angulated, and H is connected with odd girth at least 2κ+3, then any retract of the box (or Cartesian) product G□ H is S□T where S is a retract of G and T is a connected subgraph of H. A graph G is strongly (2κ+1)‐angulated if any two vertices of G are connected by a sequence of (2κ+1)‐cycles with consecutive cycles sharing at least one edge. We prove that if G is strongly (2κ+1)‐angulated, and H is connected with odd girth at least 2κ+1, then any retract of G□ H is S□T where S is a retract of G and T is a connected subgraph of H or |V(S)|=1 and T is a retract of H. These two results improve theorems on weakly and strongly triangulated graphs by Nowakowski and Rival [Disc Math 70 (1988), 169–184]. As a corollary, we get that the core of the box product of two strongly (2κ+1)‐angulated cores must be either one of the factors or the box product itself. Furthermore, if G is a strongly (2κ+1)‐angulated core, then either Gn is a core for all positive integers n, or the core of Gn is G for all positive integers n. In the latter case, G is homomorphically equivalent to a normal Cayley graph [Larose, Laviolette, Tardiff, European J Combin 19 (1998), 867–881]. In particular, let G be a strongly (2κ+1)‐angulated core such that either G is not vertex‐transitive, or G is vertex‐transitive and any two maximum independent sets have non‐empty intersection. Then Gn is a core for any positive integer n. On the other hand, let Gi be a (2κi+1)‐angulated core for 1 ≤ i≤ n where κ1 < κ2 < … < κn. If Gi has a vertex that is fixed under any automorphism for 1 ≤ i ≤ n‐1, or Gi is vertex‐transitive such that any two maximum independent sets have non‐empty intersection for 1 ≤ i ≤ n‐1, then □i=1n Gi is a core. We then apply the results to construct cores that are box products with Mycielski construction factors or with odd graph factors. We also show that K(r,2r+1) □ C2l+1 is a core for any integers l ≥ r ≥ 2. It is open whether K(r,2r+1) □ C2l+1 is a core for r > l ≥ 2. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Selective estrogen receptor‐α but not ‐β agonist treatment modulates brain α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazolepropionic acid receptors
Authors: Le Saux Maryvonne , Estrada‐Camarena Erika , Di Paolo Thérèse 
Published: August 2006

AbstractEstradiol was previously reported to decrease brain α‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐5‐methyl‐4‐isoxazoleproprionic acid (AMPA)‐receptor‐specific binding. The contributions of estrogen receptor subtypes in the estradiol modulation of AMPA receptors and its predominant subunit GluR2 are unknown. These experiments investigated whether an estrogenic receptor subtype is involved in the estradiol effect on AMPA‐receptor‐specific binding and GluR2 mRNA levels. Ovariectomized Sprague‐Dawley rats were treated 2 days after ovariectomy for 2 weeks with 17β‐estradiol, an agonist for ERα 4,4′,4′′‐(4‐propyl‐[1H]‐pyrazole‐1,3,5‐triyl)trisphenol (PPT), or an agonist for ERβ 2,3‐bis(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐propionitrile (DPN) and compared with intact control rats. Uterus weights, used as aperipheral measure of estrogenic activity, were decreased after ovariectomy and increased by estradiol and PPT but not DPN treatments. In prefrontal and cingulate cortices, the striatum, and the nucleus accumbens, ovariectomy increased [3H]AMPA‐specific binding compared with intact controls, which was corrected by estradiol treatment. In all these brain regions, PPT, but not DPN, mimicked the estradiol decrease of AMPA‐receptor‐specific binding; in the cingulate cortex, the effect of PPT did not reach statistical significance. GluR2 mRNA levels of vehicle‐treated ovariectomized rats remained unchanged compared with intact rats in the brain regions investigated. Estradiol and PPT treatment but not DPN decreased GluR2 subunit mRNA levels in the prefrontal cortex and the striatum of ovariectomized rats, whereas no significant change was observed in the cingulate cortex or the nucleus accumbens. The present results suggest that an ERα is involved in the estradiol modulation of AMPA receptors in the cortex, striatum, and nucleus accumbens. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Market risk and process uncertainty in production operations
Authors: Kamrad Bardia , Ord Keith 
Published: August 2006

AbstractBy adopting a real options framework we develop a production control model that jointly incorporates process and market uncertainties. In this model, process uncertainty is defined by random fluctuations in the outputs' yield and market risk through demand uncertainty for the output. In our approach, production outputs represent commodities or items for which financial contracts do not trade. Outputs are also functionally linked to the level of input inventories. To extend the model's applicability to a wide range of production industries, inputs are modeled to reflect either renewable or partially renewable or non‐renewable resources. Given this setting, techniques of stochastic control theory are employed to obtain value maximizing production policies in a constrained capacity environment. The rate of production is modeled as an adapted positive real‐valued process and analogously evaluated as a sequence of complex real options. Since optimal adjustments to the rate of production also functionally depend on the outputs' yield, we optimally establish “trigger boundaries” justifying controlled variations to the rate of production over time. In this context, we provide closed form analytic results and demonstrate their robustness with respect to the stochastic (including mean reverting) processes considered. Using these results, we also demonstrate that the value (net of holding costs) accrued to the producer from having an inventory of the output is equivalent to the producer's reservation price to operationally curb its process yield. These generalizations extend the scope of model applicability and provide a basis for applying the real options methodology in the operations arena. The model is explored numerically using a stylized example that allows for both output and demand uncertainty and achieves greater realism by incorporating an element of smoothing into the sequence of production decisions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2006
A hierarchical method for discrete structural topology design problems with local stress and displacement constraints
Authors: Stolpe Mathias , Stidsen Thomas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we present a hierarchical optimization method for finding feasible true 0–1 solutions to finite‐element‐based topology design problems. The topology design problems are initially modelled as non‐convex mixed 0–1 programs.The hierarchical optimization method is applied to the problem of minimizing the weight of a structure subject to displacement and local design‐dependent stress constraints. The method iteratively treats a sequence of problems of increasing size of the same type as the original problem. The problems are defined on a design mesh which is initially coarse and then successively refined as needed. At each level of design mesh refinement, a neighbourhood optimization method is used to treat the problem considered.The non‐convex topology design problems are equivalently reformulated as convex all‐quadratic mixed 0–1 programs. This reformulation enables the use of methods from global optimization, which have only recently become available, for solving the problems in the sequence. Numerical examples of topology design problems of continuum structures with local stress and displacement constraints are presented. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationic, water‐soluble, fluorene‐containing poly(arylene ethynylene)s: Effects of water solubility on aggregation, photoluminescence efficiency, and amplified fluorescence quenching in aqueous solutions
Authors: Huang Yan‐Qin , Fan Qu‐Li , Lu Xiao‐Mei , Fang Chun , Liu Shu‐Juan , Yu‐Wen Li‐Hui , Wang Lian‐Hui , Huang Wei 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThree novel fluorene‐containing poly(arylene ethynylene)s with amino‐functionalized side groups were synthesized through the Sonogashira reaction. They were poly{9,9‐bis[6′‐(N,N‐diethylamino)hexyl]‐2,7‐fluorenylene ethynylene}‐alt‐co‐{2,5‐bis[3′‐(N,N‐diethylamino)‐1′‐oxapropyl]‐1,4‐phenylene} (P1), poly{9,9‐bis[6′‐(N,N‐diethylamino)hexyl]‐2,7‐fluorenylene ethynylene} (P2), and poly({9,9‐bis[6′‐(N,N‐diethylamino)hexyl]‐2,7‐fluorenylene ethynylene}‐alt‐co‐(1,4‐phenylene)) (P3). Through the postquaternization treatment of P1–P3 with methyl iodide, we obtained their cationic water‐soluble conjugated polyelectrolytes (WSCPs): P1′–P3′. The water solubility was gradually improved from P3′ to P1′ with increasing contents of hydrophilic side chains. After examining the ultraviolet–visible absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, and dynamic light scattering data, we propose that with the reduction of the water solubility from P1′ to P3′, they exhibited a gradually increased degree of aggregation in H2O. The PL quantum yields of P1′–P3′ in H2O displayed a decreasing tendency consistent with the increased degree of aggregation, suggesting that the pronounced degree of aggregation was an important reason for the low PL quantum yields of WSCPs in H2O. Two structurally analogous water‐soluble trimers of P2′ and P3′, model compounds 2,7‐bis(9″,9″‐bis{6‴‐[(N,N‐diethyl)‐N‐methylammonium] hexyl}‐2″‐fluorenylethynyl)‐9,9‐bis{6′‐[(N,N‐diethyl)‐N‐methylammonium]hexyl}fluorene hexaiodide and 1,4‐bis(9′,9′‐bis{6″‐[(N,N‐diethyl)‐N‐methylammonium]hexyl}‐2′‐fluorenylethynyl)benzene tetraiodide, were synthesized. The amplified fluorescence quenching of these WSCPs by Fe(CN)64− in H2O was studied by comparison with a corresponding analogous trimer. The effects of aggregation on the fluorescence quenching may be two‐edged in these cases. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5778–5794, 2006
Coumarin‐containing poly(fluorenediylvinylene)s: Synthesis, photophysics, and electroluminescence
Authors: Barberis Vasilis P. , Mikroyannidis John A. , Cimrová Věra 
Published: August 2006

AbstractTwo new poly(fluorenediylvinylene)s (CV and CF) with coumarin side chains were synthesized via Heck coupling. The coumarin segments were attached to the C‐9 of fluorene through alkyl spacers. The polymers were soluble in common organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF), chloroform, dichloromethane, and toluene. The photoluminescence (PL), electroluminescence (EL), and electrochemical behavior of these polymers were studied. CV and CF thin films exhibited broad‐band, bluish‐green and orange PL emissions, with maxima at 475 and 585 nm, respectively. These PL maxima were redshifted in comparison with those measured in THF solutions. Aggregate formation played an important role in the solid state. The aggregation was more pronounced in CF thin films than CV thin films. Both polymers oxidized and reduced irreversibly. Light‐emitting devices (LEDs) with indium tin oxide hole‐injecting and aluminum electron‐injecting electrodes were prepared and studied. The LEDs made of CV emitted green light, and the LEDs made of CF exhibited an orange EL emissions. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 5750–5762, 2006
Resonance impurity scattering in superconductivity in PrOs4Sb12
Authors: Parker D. , Haas S. , Maki K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe study the effect of impurity scattering in the unitarity limit on the A‐ and B‐phase superconductivity in PrOs4Sb12. We take the triplet p + h‐wave superconducting order parameters and the impurity scattering is treated within the standard theory. We find the quasiparticle density of states and thermodynamics are very sensitive to the impurity scattering. The impurity scattering dependence of the superconducting transition temperature and the superconducting order parameter at T = 0 K are very similar to those in d‐wave superconductors. Some of these characteristics will provide a sensitive test of the symmetry of the underlying superconducting order parameters. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic and optical properties of ZrB12 and YB6. Discussion on electron‐phonon coupling
Authors: Teyssier J. , Kuzmenko A. , van der Marel D. , Lortz R. , Junod A. , Filippov V. , Shitsevalova N. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe report the optical properties of high‐quality single crystals of low temperature superconductors zirconiumdodecaboride ZrB12 (Tc = 5.95 K) and yttrium hexaboride YB6 (Tc = 7.15 K) in the range 6 meV ‐ 4.6 eV at room temperature. The experimental optical conductivity was extracted from the analysis of the reflectivity in the infrared range and ellipsometry measurement of the dielectric function in the visible range. The electronic band structure of these compounds was calculated by the self‐consistent full‐potential LMTO method and used to compute the interband part of the optical conductivity and the plasma frequency Ωp . A good agreement was observed between the interband part of the experimental optical conductivities and the band structure calculations. Different methods combining optical spectroscopy, resistivity, specific heat measurements and results of band structure calculations are used to determine the electron‐phonon coupling constant. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)