bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Postoperative infection with Actinobacillus spp in horses: 10 cases (1995–2000)
Authors: Smith Meredith A. , Ross Michael W. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine features of postoperative wound infection caused byActinobacillusspp in horses undergoing clean, elective surgery and to evaluate bacterial susceptibility profiles of bacteria isolated.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—10 horses.Procedure—Data were retrieved from medical records and the microbiology laboratory database.Results—1,604 horses underwent clean, elective surgical procedures during the study period. Of these, 23 (1.43%) had postoperative wound infections, andActinobacillusspp was isolated from 10 of these 23 (43%). Surgical procedures in these 10 horses included laryngoplasty with ventriculocordectomy (n = 3), arthroscopy (3), desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the superficial digital flexor tendon (2), removal of laryngoplasty prostheses (1), and hygroma resection (1). Seven horses survived, and 3 were euthanatized. All 10Actinobacillusisolates were resistant to penicillin, and 6 were resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. All isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur and gentamicin. During the 5-year period of the study,Actinobacillusorganisms were isolated from 35 of 513 (6.8%) samples from the general hospital population submitted for bacterial culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—During the study period,Actinobacillusspp was isolated from a higher than expected percentage of horses that developed postoperative wound infections after clean, elective surgery. Susceptibility profiles for these isolates were different from typical susceptibility profiles forActinobacillusisolates, suggesting that a pattern of resistance may be emerging. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1306–1310)
Comparison of tibial plateau angle between clinically normal Greyhounds and Labrador Retrievers with and without rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament
Authors: Wilke Vicki L. , Conzemius Michael G. , Besancon Michael F. , Evans Richard B. , Ritter Matt 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare tibial plateau angle (TPA) between Greyhounds without damage to the cranial cruciate ligaments and Labrador Retrievers with and without damage to the cranial cruciate ligaments.Design—Clinical study.Animals—87 client-owned dogs and 15 research colony Greyhounds.Procedure—Standing position, horizontal-beam radiography was performed on Greyhounds and unaffected Labrador Retrievers to determine standing TPA. Lateral radiography of the stifle joint was performed on all dogs to determine traditional TPA. Age and body weight were recorded for unaffected and affected Labrador Retrievers.Results—Greyhounds had mean standing TPA of 1.56° and mean traditional TPA of 22.50°. Unaffected Labrador Retrievers had mean standing TPA of 3.52° and traditional TPA of 27.97°. Affected Labrador Retrievers had mean traditional TPA of 25.55°. No significant difference was found in mean standing TPA between Greyhounds and unaffected Labrador Retrievers. Standing TPAs in Greyhounds and unaffected Labrador Retrievers were not significantly different from a plane drawn parallel to the ground. Significant differences in traditional TPAs were detected among all 3 groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Greyhounds had mean traditional TPA of 22.50°; similar angles should be considered normal for dogs. Although affected Labrador Retrievers had mean traditional TPA that was significantly greater than that of Greyhounds, the steepest TPA was found in unaffected Labrador Retrievers. Because Greyhounds and unaffected Labrador Retrievers had similar standing TPAs, we conclude that although TPA may be associated with damage to the cruciate ligaments, many dogs with a steep TPA do not develop cruciate ligament disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:1426–1429)
Surgery alone or in combination with radiation therapy for treatment of intracranial meningiomas in dogs: 31 cases (1989–2002)
Authors: Axlund Todd W. , McGlasson Matt L. , Smith Annette N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To compare, for dogs with intracranial meningiomas, survival times for dogs treated with surgical resection followed by radiation therapy with survival times for dogs treated with surgery alone.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—31 dogs with intracranial meningiomas.Procedure—Medical records of dogs with histologic confirmation of an intracranial meningioma were reviewed. For each dog, signalment, clinical signs, tumor location, treatment protocol, and survival time were obtained from the medical record and through follow-up telephone interviews.Results—Dogs that underwent tumor resection alone and survived > 1 week after surgery had a median survival time of 7 months (range, 0.5 to 22 months). Dogs that underwent tumor resection followed by radiation therapy had a median survival time of 16.5 months (range, 3 to 58 months).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that in dogs with intracranial meningiomas, use of radiation therapy as a supplement to tumor resection can significantly extend life expectancy. (J Am Med Vet Assoc2002;221:1597–1600)
Randomized controlled trial of the efficacy of cyclosporine in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in dogs
Authors: Olivry Thierry , Steffan Jean , Fisch Roland D. , Prélaud Pascal , Guaguère Eric , Fontaine Jacques , Carlotti Didier N. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate efficacy of cyclosporine A, administered at either of 2 dosages, in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD).Design—Multicenter randomized controlled trial.Animals—91 dogs with AD.Procedure—Dogs were assigned to receive placebo (30 dogs), cyclosporine at a low dosage (2.5 mg/kg [1.1 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 6 weeks; 30 dogs), or cyclosporine at a high dosage (5.0 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 6 weeks; 31 dogs).Results—After 6 weeks, mean percentage reductions, compared with baseline scores, in scores of lesion severity were 34, 41, and 67% for dogs treated with the placebo, cyclosporine at the low dosage, and cyclosporine at the high dosage, respectively. Similarly, mean percentage reductions in pruritus scores were 15, 31, and 45%, respectively. Percentage reductions in skin lesion and pruritus scores were significantly higher for dogs given cyclosporine at the high dosage than for dogs given the placebo. Treatment efficacy was significantly associated with whether dogs had a history of seasonal AD. Percentage reductions in skin lesion and pruritus scores were high for dogs treated with cyclosporine at the highest dosage that had a history of nonseasonal AD. Dogs in all groups with seasonal AD improved during the study period.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that oral administration of cyclosporine at a dosage of 5.0 mg/kg once daily is effective in reducing severity of pruritus and skin lesions in dogs with AD, especially those with nonseasonal disease. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:370–377)
Evaluation of trends in frequency of urethrostomy for treatment of urethral obstruction in cats
Authors: Lekcharoensuk Chalermpol , Osborne Carl A. , Lulich Jody P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine hospital proportional morbidity rates (HPMR) for urethral obstructions, urethral plugs or urethroliths, and urethrostomies in cats in veterinary teaching hospitals (VTH) in Canada and the United States between 1980 and 1999.Design—Epidemiologic study.Animals—305,672 cats evaluated at VTH.Procedures—Yearly HPMR were determined for cats with urethral obstructions, urethral plugs or urethroliths, or urethrostomies from data compiled by the Purdue Veterinary Medical Database. The test for a linear trend in proportions was used.Results—Urethral obstructions were reported in 4,683 cats. Yearly HPMR for urethral obstructions declined from 19 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 7 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. Urethral plugs or urethroliths affected 1,460 cats. Yearly HPMR for urethral plugs or urethroliths decreased from 10 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 2 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999. A total of 2,359 urethrostomies were performed. Yearly HPMR for urethrostomies decreased from 13 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1980 to 4 cases/1,000 feline evaluations in 1999.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Frequency of feline urethrostomies performed at VTH in Canada and the United States declined during the past 20 years and paralleled a similar decline in frequency of urethral obstructions and urethral plugs or urethroliths. These trends coincide with widespread use of diets to minimize struvite crystalluria in cats, which is important because struvite has consistently been the predominant mineral in feline urethral plugs during this period. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:502–505)
Evaluation of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor for use in anesthetized cats
Authors: Pedersen Karen M. , Butler Michael A. , Ersbøll Annette K. , Pedersen Henrik D. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine accuracy of an oscillometric blood pressure monitor used over a wide range of pressures in anesthetized cats.Design—Prospective study.Animals—6 healthy cats.Procedure—4 female cats and 2 male cats that weighed 2.7 to 4.5 kg (5.9 to 9.9 lb) and were 2 to 8 years old were anesthetized. Blood pressure was measured directly with an arterial catheter placed in the right femoral artery and indirectly from the left antebrachium by use of an oscillometric monitor. A series of diastolic arterial pressure (DAP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and systolic arterial pressure (SAP) measurements were obtained during hypotension, normotension, and hypertension. Values obtained indirectly and directly were compared.Results—The oscillometric monitor was accurate for DAP and MAP throughout the entire pressure range and met the standards of the Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (mean ± SD difference from values obtained directly, ≤ 5 ± 8 mm Hg). The SAP was increasingly underestimated with increasing overall pressure; mean differences from direct measurements were –5.2, –12.1, and –17.7 mm Hg during hypo-, normo-, and hypertension, respectively. Standard deviations for SAP were all ≤ 8 mm Hg. The monitor gave readings during all attempts. The direct blood pressure recording system appeared to perform well with neither under- nor overdamping.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Except for a minor underestimation of SAP during normo- and hypertension, the oscillometric monitor yielded reliable and easily obtainable blood pressure measurements in anesthetized cats. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:646–650)
Effects of long-term administration of enalapril on clinical indicators of renal function in dogs with compensated mitral regurgitation
Authors: Atkins Clarke E. , Brown William A. , Coats Julie R. , Crawford Mary Ann , DeFrancesco Teresa C. , Edwards Joel , Fox Philip R. , Keene Bruce W. , Lehmkuhl Linda , Luethy Michael , Meurs Kate , Petrie Jean-Paul , Pipers Frank , Rosenthal Steven , Sidley Jennifer A. , Straus Justin 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the effect of long-term administration of enalapril on renal function in dogs with severe, compensated mitral regurgitation.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—139 dogs with mitral regurgitation but without overt signs of heart failure.Procedure—Dogs were randomly assigned to be treated with enalapril (0.5 mg/kg [0.23 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h) or placebo, and serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were measured at regular intervals for up to 26 months.Results—Adequate information on renal function was obtained from 132 dogs; follow-up time ranged from 0.5 to 26 months (median, 12 months). Mean serum creatinine and urea nitrogen concentrations were not significantly different between dogs receiving enalapril and dogs receiving the placebo at any time, nor were concentrations significantly different from baseline concentrations. Proportions of dogs that developed azotemia or that had a ≥ 35% increase in serum creatinine or urea nitrogen concentration were also not significantly different between groups.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of enalapril for up to 2 years did not have any demonstrable adverse effects on renal function in dogs with severe, compensated mitral regurgitation. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221: 654–658)
Hemorrhagic bowel syndrome in dairy cattle: 22 cases (1997–2000)
Authors: Dennison Anita C. , VanMetre David C. , Callan Robert J. , Dinsmore Page , Mason Gary L. , Ellis Robert P. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine signalment, history, and clinical, necropsy, and microbiologic findings in dairy cows with hemorrhagic bowel syndrome.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—22 adult dairy cows from a single farm in Colorado.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed for information on signalment, medical and reproductive history, the owner's chief complaints, results of physical examinations and ancillary diagnostic tests, treatment and response to treatment, results of microbiologic testing, and, if applicable, postmortem findings.Results—Common clinical signs were acute signs of profound depression, decreased milk production, tachycardia, ruminal stasis, abdominal distention, and dark clotted blood in the feces. Rectal examination revealed distended loops of small intestine in 7 of 14 cows. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed small intestinal ileus and distention in 12 of 12 cows and homogeneous echogenic intraluminal material compatible with intraluminal hemorrhage and clot formation in 4. Seven of 8 cows treated medically died; 9 of 13 cows that underwent surgery died or were euthanatized.Clostridium perfringenswas isolated from fecal samples from 17 of 20 cows. The most common morphologic diagnosis at necropsy was severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis or jejunitis with intraluminal hemorrhage or blood clots. The most prominent histologic finding was severe, segmental submucosal hemorrhage and edema of the small intestine.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results confirm that in adult cattle, hemorrhagic bowel syndrome is a sporadic acute intestinal disorder characterized by intraluminal hemorrhage and obstruction of the small intestine.Clostridium perfringenswas consistently isolated from the feces of affected cows. The prognosis for affected cows was grave. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:686–689)
Effects of short-term trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole administration on thyroid function in dogs
Authors: Williamson Nicola L. , Frank Linda A. , Hnilica Keith A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine how rapidly trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole affects serum total thyroxine (T4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in euthyroid dogs and how quickly hormone concentrations return to reference values following discontinuation of administration.Design—Prospective study.Animals—7 healthy euthyroid dogs.Procedure—Dogs were given trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (26.5 to 31.3 mg/kg [12 to 14.2 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h) for a maximum of 6 weeks. A CBC and Schirmer tear test were performed and serum total T4and TSH concentrations were measured weekly. Administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was discontinued if total T4concentration was less than the lower reference limit and TSH concentration was greater than the upper reference limit or if persistent neutropenia developed.Results—Six dogs had total T4concentrations less than the lower reference limit within 3 weeks; T4concentration was decreased after 1 week in 3 of these 6 dogs. In these 6 dogs, TSH concentration was greater than the upper reference limit within 4 weeks. In 1 dog, T4and TSH concentrations were not affected, despite administration of trimethoprimsulfamethoxazole for 6 weeks. Neutropenia developed in 4 dogs. In 1 dog, the neutropenia resolved while trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was still being administered. In the other 3, neutrophil counts returned to reference values 1 week after drug administration was discontinued.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that administration of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole at a dosage of 26.5 to 31.3 mg/kg, PO, every 12 hours can substantially alter serum total T4and TSH concentrations and neutrophil counts in dogs within as short a time as a few weeks. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:802–806)
Streptozocin for treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors in dogs: 17 cases (1989–1999)
Authors: Moore Antony S. , Nelson Richard W. , Henry Carolyn J. , Rassnick Kenneth M. , Kristal Orna , Ogilvie Gregory K. , Kintzer Peter 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine toxic effects of streptozocin given in combination with a diuresis protocol in dogs and establish whether streptozocin is efficacious in treatment of pancreatic islet cell tumors in dogs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—17 dogs.Procedure—Medical records were reviewed to obtain information regarding signalment, tumor stage and staging tests performed, number of streptozocin treatments, adverse effects, results of biochemical and hematologic monitoring during streptozocin treatment, tumor dimensions, duration of normoglycemia, and date of death, when applicable. Dogs were compared with a historical control group of 15 dogs treated surgically and medically.Results—58 treatments were administered to the 17 dogs. Only 1 dog developed azotemia. Serum alanine aminotransferase activity increased in some dogs but decreased when treatment was discontinued. Hematologic toxicoses were rare. Vomiting during administration was uncommon but occasionally severe. Two dogs developed diabetes mellitus after receiving 5 doses. Median duration of normoglycemia for 14 dogs with stage-II or -III insulinoma treated with streptozocin was 163 days (95% confidence interval, 16 to 309 days), which was not significantly different from that for the control dogs (90 days; 95% confidence interval, 0 to 426 days). Two dogs had rapid resolution of paraneoplastic peripheral neuropathy, and 2 others had measurable reductions in tumor size.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that streptozocin can be administered safely to dogs at a dosage of 500 mg/m2, IV, every 3 weeks when combined with a protocol for induction of diuresis and may be efficacious in the treatment of dogs with metastatic pancreatic islet cell tumors. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:811–818)
Environmental and farm management factors associated with tuberculosis on cattle farms in northeastern Michigan
Authors: Kaneene John B. , Bruning-Fann Colleen S. , Granger Larry M. , Miller RoseAnn , Porter-Spalding Barbara A. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract

Objective—To identify major environmental and farm
management factors associated with the occurrence
of tuberculosis (TB) on cattle farms in northeastern
Michigan.

Design—Case-control study.

Sample Population—17 cattle farms with infected
cattle and 51 control farms.

Procedure—Each case farm (laboratory confirmed
diagnosis of Mycobacterium bovis infection) was
matched with 2 to 4 control farms (negative whole-herd
test results within previous 12 months) on the basis of
type of farm (dairy or beef) and location. Cattle farm
data were collected from in-person interviews and
mailed questionnaires. Wildlife TB data were gathered
through state wildlife surveillance. Environmental data
were gathered from a satellite image-based geographic
information system. Multivariable conditional logistic
regression for matched analysis was performed.

Results—Major factors associated with increased
farm risk of TB were higher TB prevalence among wild
deer and cattle farms in the area, herd size, and ponds
or creeks in cattle housing areas. Factors associated
with reduced farm risk of TB were greater amounts of
natural open lands in the surrounding area and reducing
deer access to cattle housing areas by housing cattle
in barns, barnyards, or feedlots and use of electrified
wire or barbed wire for livestock fencing.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest
that certain environmental and management factors
may be associated with risk of TB on cattle
farms. (J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002;221:837–842)
Use of vagal nerve stimulation as a treatment for refractory epilepsy in dogs
Authors: Muñana Karen R. , Vitek Susanne M. , Tarver W. Brent , Saito Miyoko , Skeen Todd M. , Sharp Nicholas J. H. , Olby Natasha J. , Haglund Michael M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To evaluate safety and efficacy of vagal nerve stimulation in dogs with refractory epilepsy.Design—Placebo-controlled, double-masked, crossover study.Animals—10 dogs with poorly controlled seizures.Procedure—A programmable pacemaker-like device designed to deliver intermittent stimulation to the left cervical trunk of the vagus was surgically implanted in each dog. Dogs were assigned randomly to two 13- week test periods, 1 with nerve stimulation and 1 without nerve stimulation. Owners recorded data on seizure frequency, duration, and intensity, as well as adverse effects.Results—No significant difference in seizure frequency, duration, or severity was detected between overall 13-week treatment and control periods. During the final 4 weeks of the treatment period, a significant decrease in mean seizure frequency (34.4%) was detected, compared with the control period. Complications included transient bradycardia, asystole, and apnea during intraoperative device testing, and seroma formation, subcutaneous migration of the generator, and transient Horner's syndrome during the 14-day period between surgery and suture removal. No adverse effects of stimulation were detected, and most owners were satisfied with the treatment.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Vagal nerve stimulation is a potentially safe approach to seizure control that appears to be efficacious in certain dogs and should be considered a possible treatment option when antiepileptic medications are ineffective. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;221:977–983)
Molecular identification of Ehrlichia ewingii infection in dogs: 15 cases (1997–2001)
Authors: Goodman Robert A. , Hawkins Eleanor C. , Olby Natasha J. , Grindem Carol B. , Hegarty Barbara , Breitschwerdt Edward B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine historical, physical examination, hematologic, and serologic findings in dogs withEhrlichia ewingiiinfection.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—15 dogs.Procedure—In all dogs, infection withE ewingiiwas confirmed with a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Follow-up information and clarification of information recorded in the medical records was obtained by telephone interviews and facsimile correspondence with referring veterinarians and owners.Results—Fever and lameness were the most common findings with each occurring in 8 dogs. Five dogs had neurologic abnormalities including ataxia, paresis, proprioceptive deficits, anisocoria, intention tremor, and head tilt. Neutrophilic polyarthritis was identified in 4 dogs. No clinical signs were reported in 3 dogs. The predominant hematologic abnormality was thrombocytopenia, which was identified in all 12 dogs for which a platelet count was available. Reactive lymphocytes were seen in 5 of 13 dogs. Concurrent infection with another rickettsial organism was identified in 4 dogs. Of the 13 dogs tested, 7 were seroreactive to E canis antigens. Morulae consistent withE ewingiiinfection were identified in neutrophils in 8 dogs. Treatment with doxycycline, with or without prednisone, resulted in a rapid, favorable clinical response in the 9 dogs for which follow-up information was available.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggest that PCR testing forE ewingiiinfection should be considered in dogs with fever, neutrophilic polyarthritis, unexplained ataxia or paresis, thrombocytopenia, or unexplained reactive lymphocytes, and in dogs with clinical signs suggestive of ehrlichiosis that are seronegative for E canis. Following treatment with doxycycline, the prognosis for recovery is good. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:1102–1107)