bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACTION OF ALMITRINE BISMESYLATE ON VENTILATION‐PERFUSION MATCHING IN CATS AND DOGS WITH PART OF THE LUNG HYPOVENTILATED
Authors: Wach R. A. , Gill G. W. , Suggett A. J. , Bee D. , Barer G. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Ventilation to one lobe of lung was reduced in anaesthetized open‐chest cats and dogs to simulate the ventilation/perfusion (V̇/Q̇) mismatching of chronic lung disease. Blood flow to this lobe fell less than ventilation; thus lobar V̇/Q̇ diminished.2. In seven cats almitrine (0.5 mg/kg + 10 μg/kg per min, i.v.) caused a rise in pulmonary artery pressure (PPA), increased flow through the hypoventilated lobe in six out of seven cats and both increased or decreased lobar vascular resistance (PVR); the lobar V̇/Q̇ ratio therefore fell. Arterial and lobar venous oxygen tension (Po2) fell.3. In five dogs almitrine caused a rise in PPA and PVR but lobar flow changes were variable. Arterial and lobar venous Po2 fell.4. With fixed ventilation, almitrine failed to improve V̇/Q̇ matching; there was no improvement in gas exchange in the hypoventilated lobe.5. In eight dogs the hypoventilated lobe was perfused at constant flow with right atrial blood (i.e. while V̇/Q̇ was held constant). Almitrine caused a rise in perfusion pressure, vasoconstriction, followed, in five out of eight dogs, by vasodilatation.6. In six similar cat preparations, vasoconstriction but not vasodilatation was clearly shown. In two cats dilatation after almitrine was demonstrated during ventilation with Nitrogen.7. In all experiments there was no significant effect of the solvent.8. Thus the dual action of almitrine seen in other species was seen in a proportion of cats and dogs.9. Results do not support the view that improved arterial gas tensions in patients after almitrine are attributable to diversion of blood flow away from hypoxic lung. Alternative mechanisms are discussed.
ACUTE AND CHRONIC PHARMACOKINETIC STUDIES OF SLOW RELEASE KETOPROFEN (ORUVAIL) IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS
Authors: Christophidis N. , Rotstein A. , Louis W. J. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Slow release preparations of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs are used to simplify dose regimes in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis with the aim of improving patients compliance. This study examines the acute and chronic pharmacokinetics of slow release ketoprofen in 13 rheumatoid patients with a mean age of 59.8 years.2. Pharmacokinetic parameters following the first dose including Tmax which was 6.92 h (s.e.m. = 0.80), Cmax 3.87 μg/ml (s.e.m. = 0.54), apparent half‐life 8.8 h (s.e.m. = 1.0) and AUC 41.92 μg.h/ml (s.e.m. = 4.02) were not significantly different from those following the last dose after 3 months of chronic treatment, when these were Tmax 6.38 h (s.e.m. = 0.84) Cmax 3.57 μg/ml (s.e.m. = 0.33) apparent half‐life 8.8 h (s.e.m. = 1.1) and AUC 43.18 μg.h/ml (s.e.m. = 5.34) respectively. These results show that no accumulation of ketoprofen occurred with chronic treatment.3. Clinical assessments were performed in an open design and showed significant improvement in pain, articular index, grip strength and duration of morning stiffness when these parameters were compared to treatment with paracetamol during an initial washout. The drug was well tolerated although there was a trend for the haemoglobin to fall and this parameter should be monitored during therapy with ketoprofen.
TREATMENT OF DIABETES MELLITUS BY ARTEMISIA HERBA‐ALBA EXTRACT: PRELIMINARY STUDY
Authors: Al‐Waili Noori S. Dawood 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Fifteen patients with diabetes mellitus were treated with Artemisia herba‐alba Asso. extract (AHE).2. Results showed that AHE caused considerable lowering of elevated blood sugar and 14 out of 15 patients had good remission of diabetic symptoms with use of AHE.3. It is concluded that AHE contains material capable of reducing raised blood sugar in diabetes mellitus.4. No side effects were recorded during or after treatment with AHE.
ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND HEART PERIOD IN THE CONSCIOUS RABBIT: DIURNAL RHYTHM AND INFLUENCE OF ACTIVITY
Authors: Eijzenbach V. , Sneek J. H. J. , Borst C. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Mean‐arterial pressure (MAP), heart period (HP) and the level of physical activity were measured in conscious rabbits and averaged over one‐hour periods during 14 consecutive days. Serial autocorrelation coefficients and serial crosscorrelation coefficients were computed, to analyse periodicity.2. Measurements were started immediately after implantation of the cannula (group A, n= 11) or 10–46 days after implantation of the cannula (group B, n= 6).3. In the course of 14 days, in group A, MAP decreased 9 mmHg and HP increased 21 ms (P <0.05). In group B, MAP decreased and HP increased in a similar way. Percentage activity did not show a trend.4. Significant diurnal rhythms were found. MAP and percentage activity reached the lowest values at noon, and the highest late in the evening. HP reached the highest values at noon and the lowest late in the evening. MAP and HP fluctuated exactly in antiphase. This suggests a common origin for both rhythms.5. During physical activity MAP was 10–15 mmHg higher and HP was 35–40 ms shorter than during rest. These differences did not show a trend or a diurnal variation.6. In individual animals MAP and HP varied greatly from hour to hour.7. These biological variations in MAP and HP as well as the influence of activity should be taken into account when conclusions are drawn from short‐term measurements.
EFFECT OF L‐THYROXINE ON SERUM ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME ACTIVITY IN SHEEP*
Authors: Verma P. , Noble S. , Miller R. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effect of l‐thyroxine on serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity using a sheep model was examined.2. Following two weeks of l‐thyroxine treatment, the activity of serum angiotensin converting enzyme was increased from 6.92 U/ml to 8.65 U/ml (s.e.m. = 0.40, n= 13, P<0.01).3. Discontinuation of l‐thyroxine treatment resulted in lowering the activity of serum angiotensin converting enzyme within three weeks to values close to those observed during the control period.4. It was concluded that l‐thyroxine modulates serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity. The sheep is an appropriate animal model for the study of the factors that control serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity.
CARDIOVASCULAR EFFECTS OF ISOSORBIDE DINITRATE INFUSED INTRAVENOUSLY INTO ANAESTHETIZED DOGS
Authors: Kuromaru Osamu , Sakai Kazushige 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The cardiohaemodynamic response and the development of tolerance to isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) were examined in anaesthetized, open‐chest dogs.2. ISDN, infused intravenously (i.v.) for 2 h at a rate of 10 or 30 μg/kg per min, decreased systemic blood pressure (systolic, mean and diastolic; SBP), left ventricular (LV) systolic and end‐diastolic pressure, LVdP/dt max, pressure‐rate product and coronary blood flow. No significant changes in heart rate (HR) and coronary vascular resistance were observed.3. Intravenous ISDN significantly attenuated the vasodilator effect of bolus intra‐coronary (i.a.) glyceryl trinitrate (GTN, 1 μg), and ISDN (30 μg), whereas that of bolus i.a. nicorandil (mononitrate, 20 μg) remained unaffected.4. Just after acute tolerance towards i.a. ISDN was provoked 1 h after starting ISDN infusion (30 μg/kg per min, i.v.), the combined infusion of ISDN (i.v.) and nicorandil (30 μg/kg per min) was instigated for a further hour. Also, 1 h after the onset of vehicle infusion (i.v.), the combined infusion of vehicle and nicorandil (30 μg/kg per min, i.v.) was started.5. There were essentially no significant differences between the corresponding values concerning the coronary vascular responses obtained from the two combined infusion groups.
COMPARISON OF NORADRENALINE AND ISOPRENALINE REMOVAL IN THE CANINE HINDLIMB AND KIDNEY
Authors: Zimlichman Reuven , Goldstein David S. , Eisenhofer Graeme , Stull Robin , Keiser Harry R. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Because isoprenaline is not a substrate for neuronal uptake (Uptake‐1, U‐1), the difference in regional removal of isoprenaline from regional removal of the sympathetic neurotransmitter noradrenaline has been proposed as an index of regional U‐1 activity.2. U‐1 activity has not been assessed in the kidney, where decreased U‐1 may account for increased renal spillover of noradrenaline into plasma in disorders such as essential hypertension.3. Tracer‐labelled noradrenaline and isoprenaline were simultaneously infused intravenously into anaesthetized dogs, and the regional removal of noradrenaline and isoprenaline was measured in the hindlimb and kidney after administration of the U‐1 blocker desipramine, hydrocortisone, which inhibits extra‐neuronal uptake of noradrenaline (Uptake‐2, U‐2), or no drug.4. Hindlimb removal of noradrenaline (51%) exceeded that of isoprenaline (36%). Desipramine abolished this difference by decreasing removal of noradrenaline without affecting removal of isoprenaline. Renal removal of isoprenaline exceeded that of noradrenaline (74% vs 54%) even after U‐1 blockade. Hydrocortisone did not affect removal of noradrenaline or isoprenaline in either bed.5. The results suggest that differences in removal of noradrenaline and isoprenaline reflect U‐1 activity in the hindlimb but not in the kidney; U‐1 is much more important than U‐2 in the regional removal of noradrenaline; and one mechanism of noradrenaline removal in the kidney is by neuronal uptake.
ERYTHROCYTE WATER CONTENT IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS AND DOCA‐SALT HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Kawarabayashi T. , Yasunari K. , Kanayama Y. , Takeuchi K. , Takeda T. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Intra‐erythrocyte water, sodium and potassium contents were measured in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)‐salt rats.2. In 12 week old SHR, the intra‐erythrocyte water content was slightly but significantly lower than that in age‐matched Wistar‐Kyoto (WKY) rats. SHR also exhibited a significantly lower intra‐erythrocyte potassium content, but sodium content tended to be elevated.3. Although sodium content was not correlated with the water content, potassium content was.4. In DOCA‐salt hypertensive rats, the intra‐erythrocyte sodium content was higher than that in age‐matched normotensive Sprague‐Dawley rats by about 33%, but the water and potassium contents were similar. There were no significant correlations between these parameters.5. These findings provide no evidence of water retention in erythrocytes from DOCA‐salt rat or SHR even though intra‐erythrocyte sodium content was increased.
EFFECT OF CALCIUM WITHDRAWAL AND AGENTS AFFECTING CALCIUM TRANSLOCATION ON AGONIST‐INDUCED CONTRACTIONS OF THE RABBIT OVARIAN ARTERY
Authors: Oriowo M. A. , Bevan J. A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effect of extracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) depletion, diltiazem, D‐600 and TMB‐8 on potassium (K+), norepinephrine‐(NE) and histamine‐induced contractions of the rabbit isolated ovarian artery was studied.2. K+‐induced contractions, which were biphasic, were rapidly lost (∼ 5 min) when calcium was removed from the physiological saline solution (O‐Ca2+ PSS). NE and histamine‐induced contractions also declined rapidly under nominal O‐Ca2+ conditions without any evidence of a depletion resistant component. However, after 1 h under these conditions there was a partial restoration of their responses.3. EGTA (10‐3 mol/l) abolished these contractions to NE and histamine but not those in normal PSS.4. Diltiazem and D‐600 were more effective against K+‐induced than NE‐ and histamine‐induced contractions while the intracellular Ca2+ antagonist TMB‐8 was equally effective against all three responses.5. Histamine could still evoke contraction of the K+‐contracted ovarian artery after this had been completely abolished with diltiazem or D‐600 but not TMB‐8.6. These results are interpreted to suggest that K+, NE and histamine probably release intracellular Ca2+ to evoke contractions of the ovarian artery. They differ, however, in the mechanisms they employ to facilitate entry of extracellular calcium, which in turn leads to intracellular calcium release.
EFFECTS OF TOTAL AND SELECTIVE PORTASYSTEMIC SHUNTING ON HEPATIC HAEMODYNAMICS AND SOME ASPECTS OF LIVER FUNCTION IN THE CIRRHOTIC RAT
Authors: Jenkins S. A. , Baxter J. N. , Devitt P. , Shields R. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effects of total and selective portasystemic shunting on hepatic haemodynamics and some aspects of liver function were studied in rats with dimethylnitro‐samine‐induced cirrhosis.2. Immediately following end‐to‐side portacaval shunting there were significant reductions in wedged hepatic venous pressure (WHVP) and liver blood flow. After side‐to‐side mesocaval shunting liver blood flow and wedged hepatic venous flow fell by approximately the same magnitude.3. Selective shunting (mesocaval ‘H’‐grafts and splenopancreaticocaval) preserved liver blood flow to a greater extent than total portasystemic shunting but had a less marked effect on WHVP.4. Furthermore, selective portasystemic shunting prevented liver atrophy and deterioration in liver function which was observed in rats following total portasystemic shunting.5. These results suggest that in the cirrhotic rat, selective portasystemic shunts which preserve functional liver blood flow and prevent liver atrophy and a deterioration in liver function do not produce such a marked decrease in WHVP as total shunts. Further studies in man are required to evaluate the relative advantages of total and selective portasystemic shunts.
STUDIES ON THE CYTOTOXICITY OF PENICILLAMINE IN A RAT OSTEOGENIC SARCOMA
Authors: Cosolo W. , Christophidis N. , Drummer O. H. , Findlay D. M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The effect of penicillamine on the growth rate of an osteogenic sarcoma of rats was investigated and compared with cyclophosphamide.2. Rats were inoculated with a readily transplantable osteogenic sarcoma subcutaneously into the left thigh and treated with penicillamine and cyclophosphamide alone or in combination.3. Cyclophosphamide inhibited tumour growth.4. Penicillamine did not delay the appearance or the growth rate of the tumour. Tumour sizes tended to be larger in the penicillamine‐treated rats, but there was no evidence that penicillamine interfered with the antitumour effect of cyclophosphamide given in large doses (100 mg/kg).
ALDOSTERONE REGULATION DURING SALINE INFUSION: USEFULNESS OF ALDOSTERONE/CORTISOL RATIO IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF ALDOSTERONE‐PRODUCING ADENOMA
Authors: Hamlet S. M. , Tunny T. J. , Klemm S. A. , Gordon R. D. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Saline infusion was performed in normal subjects, in essential hypertensives and in patients with aldosterone‐producing adenoma (APA), with serial measurements of plasma aldosterone, cortisol and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). The effect of recumbency alone was also observed in the normal subjects.2. Plasma aldosterone after saline infusion was less than 7 ng per 100 ml in the essential hypertensives and normal subjects, but greater than 9 ng per 100 ml in the patients with APA.3. The aldosterone/cortisol ratio in normal subjects and in essential hypertensives was unchanged or fell during saline infusion, but rose in five of eight patients with APA.4. Thus, an increase in aldosterone/cortisol ratio after saline infusion appears to be diagnostic of APA, but its absence does not exclude it.
PRENATAL HIGH SALT DIET INCREASES BLOOD PRESSURE AND SALT RETENTION IN THE SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RAT
Authors: Nicolantonio R. Di , Spargo S. , Morgan T. O. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. An examination was made of the effect of prenatal, high salt (5% w/w) and low salt (0.1% w/w) diet on the blood pressure and ability to excrete a salt load of mature spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) of the Okamoto strain maintained on normal salt (0.8% w/w) diet after weaning.2. Prenatal high salt diet resulted in a significant exacerbation of the hypertension of 4 month old SHR when compared with animals given prenatal low salt diet.3. Three month old SHR given prenatal, high salt diet exhibited a significantly reduced Na+ excretion following a single, oral salt load (150 mmol/l, 1% bodyweight) when compared with the low salt group.4. Thus, prenatal, high salt diet may influence body fluid homeostasis in genetically susceptible individuals later in life.
THE URIDINE NUCLEOTIDES CONSTITUTE A NATRIURETIC PRESSOR SYSTEM
Authors: Macdonald Graham , Assef Rhonda , Watkins Stan , Burrell Judith 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Uridine monophosphate was tested in the conscious rat for natriuretic properties and an immunoperoxidase technique was used to localize uridine‐containing compounds in the rat kidney.2. Uridine monophosphate, infused in a moderate pressor dose, caused a significant natriuresis compared to the effect of control infusions of solvent vehicle.3. Uridine‐containing compounds were found in most tubular elements with particularly dense staining in the distal and collecting tubules.4. While the increased sodium excretion may have been due to increased renal perfusion pressure, the high density of uridine staining in distal nephrons suggests that the uridine nucleotides have a specific nephron function, possibly relating to sodium transport.
THE EFFECT OF DOCA AND 9α‐FLUDROCORTISONE ON RENAL RENIN CONTENT AND PRODUCTION
Authors: Menting J. , Morgan T. , Barrett G. , Nicolantonio R. Di 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. DOCA and 9α‐fludrocortisone were given to rats.2. Plasma renin fell rapidly with both treatments.3. Renal renin fell slowly to a low level.4. Renal renin fell to a lower level with DOCA than with 9α‐fludrocortisone.5. When DOCA and 9α‐fludrocortisone were stopped plasma renin levels rose rapidly and the renal renin levels increased.6. The data suggest that synthesis is altered rapidly but it takes a prolonged time for the kidney to become depleted of renin due to the high tissue stores and the associated inhibition of release.
DOSE‐RESPONSE RELATIONSHIPS FOR ADRENOCORTICOTROPHIN‐INDUCED HYPERTENSION IN MAN
Authors: Whitworth Judith A. , Gordon Deanna , Scoggins Bruce A. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), given as long‐acting Synacthen depot (Ciba‐Geigy), at 1000 μg/day, in divided doses 12 hourly, is known to increase blood pressure in man.2. Fifty μg/day of short‐acting Synacthen given intravenously produced a rise in blood pressure and may be a threshold dose.3. Twelve hourly intramuscular injections of short‐acting Synacthen over the dose range 100–400 μg/day was not sufficient to raise blood pressure.
PLASMA ATRIAL NATRIURETIC PEPTIDE: CONCENTRATIONS AND CIRCULATING FORMS IN NORMAL MAN AND PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE
Authors: Ogawa Kazuya , Smith A. Ian , Hodsman G. Peter , Jackson Bruce , Woodcock Elizabeth A. , Johnston Colin I. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. A specific and sensitive radioimmunoassay has been developed and used to measure circulating atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in normal man and in patients with chronic renal failure.2. Circulating ANP levels rose with head‐down tilt and exercise, and were raised in patients with chronic renal failure in proportion to volume status. This suggests that ANP release is mediated via increased atrial stretch, although other release mechanisms cannot be excluded.3. Extracts of normal human plasma subjected to reverse phase HPLC showed one major peak of immunoreactivity co‐migrating with α‐human ANP. However, when plasma extracts from patients with renal failure were chromatographed on a similar system, a second later eluting peak of ANP immunoreactivity was observed. This may represent circulating ANP precursors or degradation molecules.4. Significant arteriovenous differences in plasma ANP concentration were observed in patients with chronic renal failure. Arterial and venous plasma ANP levels decreased slightly after haemodialysis. Plasma ANP concentrations were inversely correlated with haematocrit in these patients.
ACUTE HAEMODYNAMIC AND HORMONAL EFFECTS OF ORAL DOXAZOSIN IN NORMAL SUBJECTS
Authors: Whitworth Judith A. , Butty Jill , Gordon Deanna 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. Haemodynamic and hormonal effects of doxazosin, a long‐acting α1‐adrenoceptor antagonist (2 mg) were compared with placebo in six normal men.2. Doxazosin at 2 mg produced lower supine systolic blood pressure and plasma cortisol concentration than control at 4 h only, but these changes were not sustained. Both supine and standing pulse rate were increased by active drug after 6 h.3. In this acute study doxazosin did not affect plasma renin or aldosterone concentrations.
THE EFFECT OF ENDOGENOUS OPIOIDS ON BLOOD PRESSURE DURING STRESS
Authors: Nordin M. , Moral P. , Zainora M. 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. A series of experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of endogenous opioids on blood pressure of laboratory rats during stress.2. Rats subjected to 120 min immobilization showed a significant drop in systolic pressure which could be prevented by pretreatment injections of naloxone.3. Adrenalectomized rats subjected to the same kind of stress showed a drop in systolic pressure equivalent to only 30% of the systolic pressure drop in the intact animals. This decrease in systolic pressure could also be prevented by pretreatment injections of naloxone.4. It was concluded that the decrease in systolic pressure in intact rats during immobilization was mostly due to endogenous opioids released from the adrenal glands, whereas opioids of other origins such as the pituitary gland, were also important.
EFFECT OF ANGIOTENSIN‐CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS CAPTOPRIL AND ENALAPRIL ON cAMP CONTENT OF SPECIFIC BRAIN AREAS IN SPONTANEOUSLY HYPERTENSIVE RATS
Authors: Geiger Helmut , Bahner Udo , Palkovits Miklós , Heidland August 
Published: June 2007

SUMMARY1. The influence of two angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, captopril and enalapril, on the cAMP content of microdissected brain areas was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Both drugs depleted systolic arterial blood pressure significantly.2. Captopril and enalapril increased the level of cAMP in catecholaminergic cell groups in the lower brain‐stem. Captopril was more effective in the substantia nigra, while enalapril treatment resulted in high cAMP levels in the ventrolateral medulla oblongata (A1 catecholaminergic cell group).3. Both drugs, especially captopril, depleted cAMP content in the cingulate cortex.4. No changes in cAMP levels were measured in the primary baroreceptor centre (nucleus of the solitary tract) following either captopril or enalapril treatment.