bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Plasma biomarkers for Alzheimer’s and related dementias: A review and outlook for clinical neuropsychology
Authors: Dark Heather E , Duggan Michael R , Walker Keenan A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Recent technological advances have improved the sensitivity and specificity of blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias. Accurate quantification of amyloid-ß peptide, phosphorylated tau (pTau) isoforms, as well as markers of neurodegeneration (neurofilament light chain [NfL]) and neuro-immune activation (glial fibrillary acidic protein [GFAP] and chitinase-3-like protein 1 [YKL-40]) in blood has allowed researchers to characterize neurobiological processes at scale in a cost-effective and minimally invasive manner. Although currently used primarily for research purposes, these blood-based biomarkers have the potential to be highly impactful in the clinical setting – aiding in diagnosis, predicting disease risk, and monitoring disease progression. Whereas plasma NfL has shown promise as a non-specific marker of neuronal injury, plasma pTau181, pTau217, pTau231, and GFAP have demonstrated desirable levels of sensitivity and specificity for identification of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease pathology and Alzheimer’s dementia. In this forward looking review, we (i) provide an overview of the most commonly used blood-based biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias, (ii) discuss how comorbid medical conditions, demographic, and genetic factors can inform the interpretation of these biomarkers, (iii) describe ongoing efforts to move blood-based biomarkers into the clinic, and (iv) highlight the central role that clinical neuropsychologists may play in contextualizing and communicating blood-based biomarker results for patients.
A Novel Validated GC–MS/MS Method for the Estimation of N-Nitroso Dimethyl Amine and N-Nitroso Diethyl Amine in Zidovudine
Authors: Papadasu Narayanareddy , Kotanka Ramakrishnareddy , Pannala Raghuram 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A novel method has been developed for the estimation of N-Nitroso dimethyl amine impurities (NDMA) and N-Nitroso diethyl amine (NDEA) in Zidovudine by using Gas chromatograph Triple Quadrupole Mass with Liquid autosampler (GC–MS/MS) and the method is validated as per International Conference on Harmonization recommendations. Sample analysis was executed for Zidovudine by developed method. Both NDMA and NDEA were detected in below quantitation limit for the Zidovudine batches. Efficient chromatographic separation was achieved on a DB-WAX 30 m length × 0.25 mm internal diameter, 0.5-μm film thickness, Triple quad-8040 GC–MS/MS. Quantification was carried out at Triple quad electron ionization source was at a column flow of 1.5 mL/min at a column oven temperature 50°C. The precision was in the range of 0.9–2.5% for NDMA and 0.8–2.3% for NDEA, and regression analysis shows as r value (correlation coefficient) of is &gt;0.99. This method is capable to detect the NDMA and NDEA impurities in Zidovudine at a level of 0.006 ppm for limit of detection and 0.018 ppm for limit of quantitation with respect to test concentration of 66.66 mg/mL.
A 20-year follow-up study of identical twin sisters with immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Okabe Masahiro , Tsuboi Nobuo , Ueda Hiroyuki , Hishida Erika , Miyazaki Yoichi , Yokoo Takashi 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is characterized by diverse clinicopathological phenotypes. Herein we present a follow-up study of previously reported identical twin sisters with IgAN. The older sister exhibited more severe kidney histopathology and proteinuria and a lower birthweight than did her younger sister, and only the older sister experienced two childbirths. These raised concerns regarding her kidney outcomes. However, with timely multidisciplinary treatments, the older sister's kidney function remained preserved after 20 years of IgAN history. Our findings indicate the significant contribution of environmental/epigenetic factors to IgAN progression and the need for tailored medical care corresponding to life events.
Longer Colonoscopy Withdrawal Time Is Associated With the Detection of Visible Dysplasia in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: McMillan Chandler , Li Darrick K , Mohamed Gamal , Alsadoun Danah A , Almohsen Leena A , Gaidos Jill K J , Proctor Deborah D , Al-Bawardy Badr 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Colonoscopy withdrawal time (CWT) of at least 6–9 minutes is the minimum time needed for adequate adenoma detection in the general population. The ideal CWT in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has not been determined. We aimed to identify the optimal CWT associated with the detection of visible dysplasia in patients with IBD.

Methods
This is a retrospective study from 1/1/2017 to 9/1/2022 of adult patients with IBD in endoscopic healing undergoing surveillance via high-definition white light colonoscopy. The primary outcome was the association of CWT with visible dysplasia detection.

Results
A total of 259 patients (mean age 56 ± 14.8 years; 51.3% female, 68% with ulcerative colitis; 8.9% with primary sclerosing cholangitis) underwent 330 colonoscopies. Patients with visible dysplasia were more likely to be older (P &lt; .001) and have a personal history of visible dysplasia (P &lt; .001) and invisible dysplasia (P = .023). The mean CWT was significantly longer in the visible dysplasia group at 26 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 20–38.5) vs. 21 minutes (IQR 15–28) in procedures without visible dysplasia (P &lt; .001). On multivariable analysis, increased age (P &lt; .001), increased CWT (P = .001), and personal history of visible dysplasia (P = .013) were independently associated with the detection of visible dysplasia. A CWT of ≥15 minutes (odds ratio [OR] 2.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11–6.6; P = .02] and not ≥9 minutes (OR 2.57; 95% CI, 0.33–20.2; P = .35) is significantly associated with detection of visible dysplasia.

Conclusions
For patients with IBD undergoing surveillance via high-definition white light colonoscopy, the mean CWT was independently associated with the detection of visible dysplasia.
Spending and Pricing to Deter Arbitrage
Authors: Salant Stephen W 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article presents examples of arbitrage deterrence from the pharmaceutical, chemical and auto industries. Based on these cases, it develops two models where a monopolist prices and spends to deter arbitrage. The models differ in whether the lower price is set by the firm or negotiated with a representative of consumers. In both models, imports into the high-price market are completely deterred, but the two markets are nonetheless linked by the threat of arbitrage. If this linkage is ignored and the absence of arbitrage is misattributed to exogenous factors, econometric estimates of firm bargaining power will be biased upwards.
Perceived Benefits of Curling in Older Canadian Women
Authors: Mazhar Alia , Patelia Shruti , Baker Joseph 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
An increasing proportion of older Canadians are pursuing sports. The objective of this study was to examine the experiences of older Canadian women in curling.

Methods
Semistructured interviews were conducted with 17 participants. Interviews were transcribed and coded using thematic analysis.

Results
Participants simultaneously resisted, accepted, and ultimately redefined conceptualizations of personal aging in the context of curling. Although gender was deemed inconsequential, concepts such as the physical and cognitive demands of curling, inclusivity, social connection and support, and competition were perceived to be integral to participants’ experiences.

Discussion
This study extends our understanding of the value of curling specifically, and sport in general, for older women.
Computational Approaches and Observer Variation in the 3D Musculoskeletal Modeling of the Heads of Anolis
Authors: Lagorio A D , McGechie F R , Fields M G , Fortner J , Mackereth E , Perez C , Wilken A T , Leal M , Ward C V , Middleton K M , Holliday C M 
Published: March 2024

Synopsis
High-resolution imaging, 3D modeling, and quantitative analyses are equipping evolutionary biologists with new approaches to understanding the variation and evolution of the musculoskeletal system. However, challenges with interpreting DiceCT data and higher order use of modeled muscles have not yet been fully explored, and the error in and accuracy of some digital methods remain unclear. West Indian Anolis lizards are a model clade for exploring patterns in functional adaptation, ecomorphology, and sexual size dimorphism in vertebrates. These lizards possess numerous jaw muscles with potentially different anatomies that sculpt the adductor chamber of the skull. Here we test approaches to quantifying the musculoskeletal shape of the heads of two species of Anolis: A. pulchellus and A. sagrei. We employ comparative approaches such as DiceCT segmentation of jaw muscles, 3D surface attachment mapping, and 3D landmarking with the aim of exploring muscle volumes, 3D muscle fiber architecture, and sexual dimorphism of the skull. We then compare sources of measurement error in these 3D analyses while also presenting new 3D musculoskeletal data from the Anolis feeding apparatus. These findings demonstrate the accessibility and repeatability of these emerging techniques as well as provide details regarding the musculoskeletal anatomy of the heads of A. pulchellus and A. sagrei which show potential for further research of comparative biomechanics and evolution in the clade.
Ensemble pretrained language models to extract biomedical knowledge from literature
Authors: Li Zhao , Wei Qiang , Huang Liang-Chin , Li Jianfu , Hu Yan , Chuang Yao-Shun , He Jianping , Das Avisha , Keloth Vipina Kuttichi , Yang Yuntao , Diala Chiamaka S , Roberts Kirk E , Tao Cui , Jiang Xiaoqian , Zheng W Jim , Xu Hua 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The rapid expansion of biomedical literature necessitates automated techniques to discern relationships between biomedical concepts from extensive free text. Such techniques facilitate the development of detailed knowledge bases and highlight research deficiencies. The LitCoin Natural Language Processing (NLP) challenge, organized by the National Center for Advancing Translational Science, aims to evaluate such potential and provides a manually annotated corpus for methodology development and benchmarking.

Materials and Methods
For the named entity recognition (NER) task, we utilized ensemble learning to merge predictions from three domain-specific models, namely BioBERT, PubMedBERT, and BioM-ELECTRA, devised a rule-driven detection method for cell line and taxonomy names and annotated 70 more abstracts as additional corpus. We further finetuned the T0pp model, with 11 billion parameters, to boost the performance on relation extraction and leveraged entites’ location information (eg, title, background) to enhance novelty prediction performance in relation extraction (RE).

Results
Our pioneering NLP system designed for this challenge secured first place in Phase I—NER and second place in Phase II—relation extraction and novelty prediction, outpacing over 200 teams. We tested OpenAI ChatGPT 3.5 and ChatGPT 4 in a Zero-Shot setting using the same test set, revealing that our finetuned model considerably surpasses these broad-spectrum large language models.

Discussion and Conclusion
Our outcomes depict a robust NLP system excelling in NER and RE across various biomedical entities, emphasizing that task-specific models remain superior to generic large ones. Such insights are valuable for endeavors like knowledge graph development and hypothesis formulation in biomedical research.
Surgical Management of Diabetic Foot Burns Is Associated With Poor Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Cannata Brigette , Malkoff Nicolas , Choe Deborah , Manasyan Artur , Yenikomshian Haig A , Gillenwater T Justin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There is no consensus on the optimal management of diabetic foot burn injuries. Here, we systematically identify studies reporting on diabetic foot burns and evaluate outcomes among patients managed operatively vs nonoperatively. PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched. Screening was performed by independent reviewers. Primary research studies with English full texts published between 1980 and 2023 that discussed outcomes of foot burns in adults with diabetes were included and critically appraised using validated tools. Results are presented using descriptive statistics of aggregated data. The search yielded 2402 nonduplicate papers, of which 35 met the inclusion criteria. Nine papers were included for meta-analysis, including 7 retrospective comparative analyses, 1 cross-sectional study, and 1 retrospective chart review. There were 1798 diabetic foot burn patients. The mean age was 58.2 years (SD 4.12), and 73.1% (n = 1314) were male. A total of 15.7% (n = 283) of patients were surgically managed, including debridement (3.7%, n = 66), grafting (8.2%, n = 147), flap (0.2%, n = 3), and primary amputation (7.1%, n = 127). The secondary amputation rate, defined as amputation following initial surgery, was 4.9% (n = 14). The overall amputation rate was 7.8% (n = 141). Other complications included infection (4.0%, n = 72), osteomyelitis (1.9%, n = 34), and graft failure (8.2%, n = 12). One study reported functional status at the last visit. Diabetic foot burns are highly morbid. The surgical management of these complex injuries is high risk, as amputation results in poorer quality of life and functional outcomes.
Hierarchical RNNs with graph policy and attention for drone swarm
Authors: Wei XiaoLong , Cui WenPeng , Huang XiangLin , Yang LiFang , Geng XiaoQi , Tao ZhuLin , Zhai Yan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In recent years, the drone swarm has experienced remarkable growth, finding applications across diverse domains such as agricultural surveying, disaster rescue and logistics delivery. However, the rapid expansion of drone swarm usage underscores the necessity for innovative approaches in the field. Traditional algorithms face challenges in adapting to complex tasks, environmental modeling and computational complexity, highlighting the need for more advanced solutions like multi-agent deep reinforcement learning to enhance efficiency and robustness in drone swarm. Our proposed approach tackles this challenge by embracing temporal and spatial. In terms of the temporal, the proposed approach builds upon historical data, it enhances the predictive capabilities regarding future behaviors. In the spatial, the proposed approach leverage graph theory to model the swarm's features, while attention mechanisms strengthen the relationships between individual drones. The proposed approach addresses the unique characteristics of drone swarms by incorporating temporal dependencies, spatial structures and attention mechanisms. Extensive experiments validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
MIWI N-terminal arginines orchestrate generation of functional pachytene piRNAs and spermiogenesis
Authors: Vrettos Nicholas , Oppelt Jan , Zoch Ansgar , Sgourdou Paraskevi , Yoshida Haruka , Song Brian , Fink Ryan , O’Carroll Dónal , Mourelatos Zissimos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
N-terminal arginine (NTR) methylation is a conserved feature of PIWI proteins, which are central components of the PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathway. The significance and precise function of PIWI NTR methylation in mammals remains unknown. In mice, PIWI NTRs bind Tudor domain containing proteins (TDRDs) that have essential roles in piRNA biogenesis and the formation of the chromatoid body. Using mouse MIWI (PIWIL1) as paradigm, we demonstrate that the NTRs are essential for spermatogenesis through the regulation of transposons and gene expression. The loss of TDRD5 and TDRKH interaction with MIWI results in attenuation of piRNA amplification. We find that piRNA amplification is necessary for transposon control and for sustaining piRNA levels including select, nonconserved, pachytene piRNAs that target specific mRNAs required for spermatogenesis. Our findings support the notion that the vast majority of pachytene piRNAs are dispensable, acting as self-serving genetic elements that rely for propagation on MIWI piRNA amplification. MIWI-NTRs also mediate interactions with TDRD6 that are necessary for chromatoid body compaction. Furthermore, MIWI-NTRs promote stabilization of spermiogenic transcripts that drive nuclear compaction, which is essential for sperm formation. In summary, the NTRs underpin the diversification of MIWI protein function.
A comparison of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitor kidney outcome trial participants with a real-world chronic kidney disease primary care population
Authors: Forbes Anna K , Hinton William , Feher Michael D , Elson William , Ordóñez-Mena José M , Joy Mark , Fan Xuejuan , Banerjee Debasish , Cole Nicholas I , Munro Neil , Whyte Martin , Suckling Rebecca J , Swift Pauline A , de Lusignan Simon 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Background
Observational studies suggest sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor kidney outcome trials are not representative of the broader population of people with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are limited data on the generalizability to those without co-existing type 2 diabetes (T2D), and the representativeness of the Study of Heart and Kidney Protection with Empagliflozin (EMPA-KIDNEY) trial has not been adequately explored. We hypothesized that SGLT2 inhibitor kidney outcome trials are more representative of people with co-existing T2D than those without, and that EMPA-KIDNEY is more representative than previous trials.

Methods
A cross-sectional analysis of adults with CKD in English primary care was conducted using the Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Clinical Informatics Digital Hub. The proportions that met the eligibility criteria of SGLT2 inhibitor kidney outcome trials were determined, and their characteristics described. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with trial eligibility.

Results
Of 6 670 829 adults, 516 491 (7.7%) with CKD were identified. In the real-world CKD population, 0.9%, 2.2% and 8.0% met the Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes with Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation (CREDENCE), Dapagliflozin and Renal Outcomes and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (DAPA-CKD) and EMPA-KIDNEY eligibility criteria, respectively. All trials were more representative of people with co-existing T2D than those without T2D. Trial participants were 9–14 years younger than the real-world CKD population, and had more advanced CKD, including higher levels of albuminuria. A higher proportion of the CREDENCE (100%), DAPA-CKD (67.6%) and EMPA-KIDNEY (44.5%) trial participants had T2D compared with the real-world CKD population (32.8%). Renin–angiotensin system inhibitors were prescribed in almost all trial participants, compared with less than half of the real-world CKD population. Females were under-represented and less likely to be eligible for the trials.

Conclusion
SGLT2 inhibitor kidney outcome trials represent a subgroup of people with CKD at high risk of adverse kidney events. Our study highlights the importance of complementing trials with real-world studies, exploring the effectiveness of SGLT2 inhibitors in the broader population of people with CKD.
Improving patient-centred care in the emergency department: Implementation of a Sensory Toolkit for children with autism
Authors: Roy Meagan A , Kinlin Ceilidh , Estes Myka , MacEachern Sarah J 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Emergency department (ED) visits for children with autism can present challenges due to the unique sensory needs of this population. This Quality Improvement (QI) project executed two Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) cycles to create and implement a Sensory Toolkit in the ED for children with autism. Most caregivers (94%; n = 31/33) and healthcare providers (HCPs; 86%; n = 37/44) identified the need for sensory items in the ED. In PDSA Cycle 1, 100% of caregivers (n = 21) and HCPs (n = 3) agreed/strongly agreed that the ED Sensory Toolkit was helpful. In PDSA Cycle 2, 92% of caregivers (n = 12/13) and 100% of HCPs (n = 3) agreed/strongly agreed that they were helpful. The Sensory Toolkit was positively evaluated by caregivers of children with autism and HCPs during the child’s visit to the ED. There is an opportunity to adapt the Sensory Toolkit for other EDs and areas of the hospital.
Early Mobilization Dose Reporting in Randomized Clinical Trials With Patients Who Were Mechanically Ventilated: A Scoping Review
Authors: González-Seguel Felipe , Letelier-Bernal Renato 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The aim of this scoping review was to investigate the mobilization dose reporting in the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of patients receiving mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit.

Methods
In this scoping review, RCTs published from inception to December 2022 were searched in relevant electronic databases. Trials that involved adults receiving mechanical ventilation (&gt;48 hours) and any early mobilization modality were analyzed. Two independent authors screened, selected, and extracted data. The mobilization doses of the intervention groups (IGs) and the comparator groups (CGs) were assessed as the proportion of reported items/total applicable from the main items of the Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT).

Results
Twenty-three RCTs comprising 2707 patients (1358 from IG and 1349 from CG) were included, involving studies on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (n = 7), progressive mobility (n = 6), leg cycling (n = 3), tilt table (n = 1), and multicomponent (n = 6) mobilization. The pooled reporting of CERT items was 68% (86% for IG and 50% for CG). The most reported CERT items were type of exercise (100%) and weekly frequency (100%) for IG, whereas the least reported were intensity (4%) and individualization (22%) for CG. Regardless of the group, individualization, progression, and intensity of mobilization were the least reported items. Eight IGs (35%) reported all CERT items, whereas no CGs reported all of them.

Conclusions
Deficits in mobilization dose reporting of intensive care unit RCTs were identified, especially for exercise intensity in adults receiving mechanical ventilation. One-third of IG reported all exercise dosing items, whereas no CG reported all of them. Future studies should investigate the details of optimal dosage reporting, particularly for CG.

Impact
The lack of dose reporting may partially explain the inconsistency in the meta-analysis results of early mobilization trials, thus limiting the interpretation for clinical practice in the intensive care unit.