bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The effects of tougher enforcement on the job prospects of recent Latin American immigrants
Authors: Orrenius Pia M. , Zavodny Madeline 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAttempts to enforce immigration laws in the U.S. interior have proliferated in recent years, yet the effects of these laws on immigrants are largely unknown. This paper examines whether increases in immigration‐related law enforcement since 2001 have adversely affected the labor market outcomes of low‐education male immigrants from Latin America, a group that comprises the bulk of undocumented workers in the U.S. The crackdown on the use of fraudulent Social Security numbers, increased requirements for government‐issued identification, and other changes associated with greater focus on national security likely lowered the demand for undocumented foreign‐born workers in the years following the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Using Current Population Survey data and a difference‐in‐differences estimation technique, we find strong evidence of worse labor market outcomes among recent Latin American immigrants in the post‐9/11 period relative to natives and prior Latin American immigrants. The results indicate a decline in employment, hours worked, and earnings among recent male Latin American immigrants relative to similarly low‐skilled black and Hispanic natives and vis‐à‐vis Latin American immigrants who have been in the U.S. longer. Our findings are consistent with firms increasingly substituting legal workers for undocumented labor in the years following 9/11. © 2009 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.
Sequence variation in the mitochondrial gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and prostate cancer in African American men
Authors: Ray Anna M. , Zuhlke Kimberly A. , Levin Albert M. , Douglas Julie A. , Cooney Kathleen A. , Petros John A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBACKGROUNDPrevious studies have found associations between mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutations and several cancer types. Recently, we found that mutations in the mtDNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) were both linked to and associated with prostate cancer (PCa) in Caucasian men. Here we examine the association between COI mutations and PCa in African American men.METHODSThe entire COI gene was directly sequenced in 132 PCa cases and 135 controls from the Flint Men's Health Study, a community‐based sample of African American men with and without PCa. Associations between all variants and PCa were evaluated.RESULTSWe identified 102 COI single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including 15 missense variants. Overall, the presence of one or more COI missense variants was not significantly associated with PCa. Individually, two SNPs (T6221C and T7389C) were significantly associated with prostate cancer (P < 0.05) and in strong linkage disequilibrium with each other (r2 > 0.6).CONCLUSIONSOf the two significantly associated SNPs, one is a synonymous substitution and the other is part of the African‐specific mitochondrial haplogroup (L). Additional research will be needed to determine the clinical relevance of these associations in African populations. Prostate 69: 956–960, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polytypes in ferroelectric TlInS2 and its dielectric and optic properties
Authors: Alekperov O. Z. , Ibragimov G. B. , Nadjafov A. I. , Fakix A. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPolytypes (Ps) of monoclinic TlInS2 with lattice parameters c (c ≈ 15 Å, c ≈ 30 Å, c ≈ 60 Å, c ≈ 120 Å and c ≈ 240 Å) have been obtained by long time annealing in vacuum or in sulfur vapour (P c ≈ 240 Å) of TlInS2 crystal at different temperatures‐T. From the temperature dependence of dielectric constant ϵ (T) of pure Ps it is established, that well known ferroelectric phase transition (FPT) in TlInS2 takes place with single peaks of dielectric anomaly (DA) at slightly different temperatures for different Ps. Samples with pure P are unstable and are returning to mixed Ps state again after some time. The most unstable is the P with c ≈ 15 Å. It is shown that FPT and optic measurements can be used as Ps analysis methods in TlInS2 samples. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Vibrational spectroscopies: a natural “mesoscope” for the study of spontaneous ordering in alloys
Authors: Chafi Allal , Souhabi Jihane , Pagès Olivier , Postnikov Andrei , Gleize Jérôme , Sallet V. , Li L. H. , Harmand J. C. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe novel paradigm of a 1‐bond→2‐mode percolation‐type behavior for the lattice dynamics at the zone‐centre of random semiconductor alloys, that mirrors a lattice relaxation of the similar 1‐bond→2‐length type, opens an attractive area for a (re‐)discussion of spontaneous long‐range clustering/anticlustering in terms of purely intrinsic effects. As examples, we show in this work how such antagonist effects as CuPt type spontaneous ordering of InGaP2 and N‐induced In‐anticlustering far from N‐impurities in (N,In)‐dilute InGaAsN can be discussed/evidenced from the transverse optical vibration spectra. The whole discussion is supported by full contour modelling of the TO Raman lineshapes via our percolation model. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Electronic structure of stannite‐type Cu2ZnSnSe4 by first principles calculations
Authors: Nakamura Satoshi , Maeda Tsuyoshi , Wada Takahiro 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe electronic structure of stannite‐type Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) was studied by first‐principles calculations. The valence band maximum (VBM) is an antibonding of Cu 3d and Se 4p orbitals. The conduction band minimum (CBM) is an antibonding Sn 5s and Se 4p orbitals. The Zn atom does not affect the VBM or the CBM in CZTSe. The Cu‐Se is a weak covalent bonding because both occupied, and the bonding or bital of Cu 4s and Se 4p is occupied and the antibonding orbital is unoccupied. The band structure of CZTSe has a partially localized Sn 5s orbital. The electrons of Sn 5s do not greatly contribute to the chemical bonding because of an inert pair effect. The electronic structure of CZTSe is discussed in comparison with that of CuInSe2. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Structural investigations of copper incorporation into In‐Ga‐Se precursor layers for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin films
Authors: Hesse Raik , Kamdoum Jean Rodrigues Kamdoum , Caballero Raquel , Kaufmann Christian A. , Stephan Christiane , Schorr Susan , Abou‐Ras Daniel , Unold Thomas , Schock Hans‐Werner 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn the present work, the effect of the copper incorporation into the In‐Ga‐Se precursor layer during the stage 2 of the three stage growth process of Cu(InGa)Se2 thin films is investigated. Break‐off experiments at certain points during stage 2 were performed, corresponding to different [Cu]/([Cu]+[In]+[Ga]) ratios. The elemental distribution in the layers at the break‐off points was investigated by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy on cross‐sections of the layers. Although stage 1 includes a sequential deposition of In‐Se and Ga‐Se layers, these layers appear completely mixed in the beginning of stage 2, i.e., compositional gradients are absent, after the deposition of copper and selenium at a substrate temperature of 525 °C during this stage. However, the deposition of copper and selenium at lower substrate temperatures and for short deposition durations, leading to [Cu]/([Cu]+[In]+[Ga]) ratios much smaller than 0.5, results in thin films in which the sequential order of the precursor layers remains clearly visible in the EDX profiles. Grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction measurements were carried out to investigate the formation of different phases, e.g., that of ordered vacancy compounds, during the incorporation of copper into the In‐Ga‐Se precursor layers. The influence of the copper incorporation on the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 lattice parameter is discussed. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Preparation of CuInSe2 thin films by metal‐organic decomposition with oxidation‐reduction and subsequent selenization using diethylselenide
Authors: Ando S. , Takayama N. , Sugiyama M. , Nakanishi H. , Chichibu S. F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe Cu‐In precursors for the selenization growth of CuInSe2 (CIS) thin films were prepared using metal naphthenates by metal‐organic decomposition (MOD) with oxidation‐reduction process. Subsequently, good crystallinity CIS films were prepared by selenizing them using diethylselenide [(C2H5)2Se:DESe] as selenization source. The samples selenized particularly at 530 °C for 60 min exhibited well‐defined chalcopyrite structure with slightly In‐rich compositions, which can be used as a photo‐absorber of CIS‐based solar cells. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Third‐order generalized Van Vleck perturbation theory variant of multireference perturbation theory for electron correlation
Authors: Khait Yuriy G. , Jiang Wanyi , Hoffmann Mark R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA third‐order approximation to the generalized Van Vleck perturbation theory (GVVPT3) variant of multireference perturbation theory treatment of dynamic electron correlation is described. The approximation builds upon some aspects of the increasingly widely used GVVPT2, which we introduced previously (Khait et al., J Chem Phys 2002, 117, 4133). In addition, using formal relations obtained in connection with GVVPT3, a more thorough understanding of GVVPT2 is obtained, including a key diagnostic that assesses suitability of GVVPT2 for specific tasks. Computational aspects of the implementation of GVVPT3, especially the use of a macroconfiguration description of the model space, are described. The obtained GVVPT3 method can use both complete and incomplete model spaces efficiently. We demonstrate the new method on a series of model problems that demonstrate the applicability of the suggested approach. Among other tests, we show that GVVPT3 is capable of reproducing MRCISD results to within 0.01 eV for the problematic barrier height of the metastable N. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
One‐body energy decomposition schemes revisited: Assessment of Mulliken‐, Grid‐, and conventional energy density analyses
Authors: Kikuchi Yasuaki , Imamura Yutaka , Nakai Hiromi 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe propose a new energy density analysis (EDA) that evaluates atomic contributions of all energy terms, i.e., the kinetic, nuclear‐attraction, Coulomb, and Hartree–Fock (HF) exchange and density functional theory (DFT) exchange‐correlation energies using the Mulliken‐type partitioning. Although widely used DFT exchange‐correlation functionals are nonlinear expressions in terms of density, they are decomposed into atomic contributions by focusing the linear part of the density. Numerical assessment on Mulliken‐EDA, Grid‐EDA, and conventional EDA has been carried out for the G2‐1 set. Correlations between HF and DFT exchanges demonstrate that a consistent partitioning of all energy terms is essential for EDA. These numerical results confirm that the present Mulliken‐EDA offers a more reasonable picture for the atomization process. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2009
How multi‐objective genetic algorithms handle lack of data, sparse data and excess data: evaluation of some recent case studies in the materials domain
Authors: Chakraborti N. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn overview of multi‐objective optimization and the associated concept of Pareto‐optimality are elucidated in detail, keeping the biologically inspired genetic algorithms in perspective. The effective role of the genetic algorithms in handling three different kinds of data driven models where the decision has to be made from (i) no data (ii) excess data or (iii) sparse data are elaborated through three materials engineering applications, where other strategies like inverse modeling, neural network and data mining have worked in tandem with the multi‐objective genetic algorithms. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 1: 000‐000, 2009
Ranking corporations based on sustainable and socially responsible practices. A data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach
Authors: Belu Constantin 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis study ranks publicly listed corporations based on social and environmental (i.e. sustainable) achievements in relation to financial results, by using a data envelopment analysis (DEA) approach with financial performance indicators (return on assets, return on equity and yearly stock return) as inputs and sustainability scores as outputs. The sustainability scores cover a wide range of sustainable practices and were provided by a specialized screening company. Our calculated DEA indices provide a measure of the commitment of firms towards sustainable practices. The main findings are that many companies are positioned well below best practice in their respective industries. Industry sectors that are less scrutinized by the public (e.g. banking) are found to be less competitive in terms of sustainable practices. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Stakeholder perceptions and responses to GM crops and foods: the case of Taiwan
Authors: Fan Mei‐Fang 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMany societies face the problem of how to cope adequately with new inventions and technologies. Many are now in the middle of debates about GM crops and foods. This paper examines how stakeholders in Taiwan perceive GM crops and foods and the implications of these perceptions for risk governance and sustainable development. The research utilizes documentary analysis, data gathered from in‐depth interviews and focus group discussions. It shows civil groups' unease about unknown consequences, skepticism of the relations between politics and business, and criticisms of the failure by the government and the media to inform the public. It highlights Christian and Buddhist responses to GM issues, because elements of these religious groups have devoted themselves to public awaking for a sustainable society. It argues for the need to promote informed public deliberations and stakeholder debates on decisions about GM technology and the establishment of alliances for dealing with GM controversies and promoting sustainable development. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
On relationships between material flow and economic development in an economic–material flow system
Authors: Tian Yuan , Xu Shoubo , Wang Li , Chaudhry Peggy 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBased on material flow (MF) theory, this paper proposes two kinds of relationships between MF and economic development in an economic–MF system. First, the relationship between MF input and economic output, weighed by the two indexes ‘MF economic efficiency (MF economic effect coefficient)’ and ‘MF input coefficient (MF consumption coefficient)’; and second, the relationship between MF input increment rate and economic output increment rate, weighed by the index ‘MF input elasticity coefficient’. Using a mathematical interpretation among the above three indexes, the authors propose the developing and changing patterns of the three indexes with demonstration analysis. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The potential role of physical activity on driving performance and safety among older adults
Authors: Marmeleira José , Godinho Mário , Vogelaere Peter 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The elderly represent the fastest growing driving population. Older drivers have a high crash rate per distance traveled, a high risk of injury or death in traffic accidents, and are commonly found to be ‘at fault’ in crashes. This reality has focused more interest on issues associated with the fitness to drive and the safety of older drivers. Many older adults depend greatly on their personal vehicle for transportation and suffer a marked loss of quality of life when, as a consequence of no longer being able or permitted to drive, their mobility becomes significantly restricted. The reasons for the deterioration of driving performance that occur during the aging process are multi-factorial and a great deal of research has focused on the identification of those factors. Nevertheless, some studies incorporating training programs have tried, with some success, to improve the driving-related abilities of older drivers. It has been demonstrated that physical activity can promote several skills that are associated with driving performance in older drivers. Few studies, though, have conducted exercise interventions among older drivers intended to enhance their driving-related abilities and promote road safety. In this context, the purpose of this work consists of examining the perceptual, cognitive, health, and physical factors related to fitness to drive in older adults and identifying possible strategies that can enhance their driving-related abilities. Moreover, potential mechanisms underlying the relationship among physical activity, driving ability, and road safety are discussed.
Disorders of the genome architecture: a review
Authors: Kumar Dhavendra 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Genetic diseases are recognized to be one of the major categories of human disease. Traditionally genetic diseases are subdivided into chromosomal (numerical or structural aberrations), monogenic or Mendelian diseases, multifactorial/polygenic complex diseases and mitochondrial genetic disorders. A large proportion of these conditions occur sporadically. With the advent of newer molecular techniques, a number of new disorders and dysmorphic syndromes are delineated in detail. Some of these conditions do not conform to the conventional inheritance patterns and mechanisms are often complex and unique. Examples include submicroscopic microdeletions or microduplications, trinucleotide repeat disorders, epigenetic disorders due to genomic imprinting, defective transcription or translation due to abnormal RNA patterning and pathogenic association with single nucleotide polymorphisms and copy number variations. Among these several apparently monogenic disorders result from non-allelic homologous recombination associated with the presence of low copy number repeats on either side of the critical locus or gene cluster. The term ‘disorders of genome architecture’ is alternatively used to highlight these disorders, for example Charcot-Marie-Tooth type IA, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Neurofibromatosis type 1 and many more with an assigned OMIM number. Many of these so called genomic disorders occur sporadically resulting from largely non-recurrent de novo genomic rearrangements. Locus-specific mutation rates for genomic rearrangements appear to be two to four times greater than nucleotide-specific rates for base substitutions. Recent studies on several disease-associated recombination hotspots in male-germ cells indicate an excess of genomic rearrangements resulting in microduplications that are clinically underdiagnosed compared to microdeletion syndromes. Widespread application of high-resolution genome analyses may offer to detect more sporadic phenotypes resulting from genomic rearrangements involving de novo copy number variation.
Chorda tympani in chronic inflammatory middle ear disease
Authors: Goyal Arun , Singh P.P. , Dash Gautam 
Published: March 2009

ObjectivesTo study the effect of chronic inflammatory middle ear disease on gustatory function of chorda tympani nerve.MethodsA prospective study was performed on 85 patients having unilateral chronic inflammatory middle ear disease of either cholesteatomatous or noncholesteatomatous type. Gustatory assessment on both sides of the tongue was performed using dry taste strips.ResultsComparison of mean taste scores on the side of diseased ear vs normal ear was done. On the diseased side the mean taste score was 9.16 and on the normal side the mean taste score was 13.24. The difference between the two was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.0001). The results were also analyzed for various other parameters like type, duration, and location of disease.ConclusionA patient with chronic inflammatory middle ear disease already has dysfunctional chorda tympani and is unlikely to notice a change in the taste sensation in the event of cutting of the nerve during the course of an ear surgery.
Method and Substance in the Military Field
Authors: Boëne Bernard 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis article tries to assess the cognitive merits of various research programmes in the treatment of military issues. It contends that, on such topics more than on others, method influences conceptualization and theory construction. Having noted the infrequent showings of some programmes in the military field, it goes on to demonstrate, based on the literature produced over a century, that the blames laid at positivism's door are especially justified in it. The Weberian/Simmelian tradition has shown more promise. A brief synthetic formulation of its achievements suggests that it alone accords with Clausewitzian thought, and shows sufficient flexibility to account for recent changes which baffle other programmes, or to open avenues of collaboration with promising new approaches (notably, nonlinear dynamics).
Children's linguistic choices: Audience design and societal norms
Authors: Youssef Valerie 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTTo reexamine the explanation of stylistic variation given by Bell 1984, this article considers Bell's audience design factors in relation to those associated with the domains described by Fishman 1972. Data collected longitudinally from three preschool children in the Trinidad sociolinguistic complex were examined for variation in production of Trinidad Creole and Standard English verb forms. All three children exhibited stylistic variation; but the nature of the variation shed further light on audience design, since audience factors sometimes remained constant, while speech patterns exhibited variation. It appears that the demands of the wider Trinidadian society (in particular for children), along with the education system, interact with familial demands to impose social/psychological constraints which impinge on and modify audience design. In addition, an implicational scaling of response to addressee, auditor, overhearer, and eavesdropper cannot be unequivocally adopted, since response to audience may vary according to the personal significance which individuals in a given setting have for the child-speaker. (Child language acquisition, creole studies, Trinidad)
Common and uncommon ground: Social and structural factors in codeswitching
Authors: Myers-Scotton Carol 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACTThe social forces affecting theperformanceof codeswitching (CS) may be distinguished from those factors controlling its basic structure, with which they interact. The constraints onpossiblepatterns in CS are largely under innately based controls. These constraints are presented here in a model of intrasentential CS, and their validity is tested against findings of CS practices in a number of communities; all options can be accounted for under the model. Thus the options for CS structures seem universally set; but community-specific or group-specific social forces may determine which permissible patterns arepreferred. In addition, micro-level, discourse-based factors may prompt individuals to produce certain CS structures. A second model of the social motivations for CS helps explain both the macro- and micro-level preferences. (Bilingualism, codeswitching, language contact, socio-pragmatics)