bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recall of lifestyle advice in patients recently hospitalised with heart failure: A EuroHeart Failure Survey analysis
Authors: Lainščak Mitja , Cleland John G.F. , Lenzen Mattie J. , Nabb Samantha , Keber Irena , Follath Ferenc , Komajda Michel , Swedberg Karl 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBackgroundThere are limited data on recall and implementation of lifestyle advice in patients with heart failure (HF).AimTo investigate what advice patients with HF recall being given, and whether they report following the advice they remember.Methods and results3261 patients with suspected HF participating in the EuroHeart Failure Survey were interviewed by a health professional 12weeks after hospital discharge. Patients recalled receiving 46% of pre‐specified items of advice and 67% reported that they followed these completely. Both recall (53%) and implementation (71%) was best in patients with left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). In multivariate analysis, younger age, male sex, patient awareness of the condition and patients reporting that they received a clear explanation of the diagnosis by a health professional, all factors associated with having LVSD, were the strongest predictors of recall.ConclusionsRecall of and adherence to advice by patients with HF in this large European cross‐sectional survey was disappointing. Responsibility for patient education lies with health professionals who should ensure that patients receive and understand advice, and are able to recall and follow it. A greater awareness of the issues surrounding lifestyle advice and more evidence supporting its value could improve patient care.
Modulation of sensitized C‐fibers by adrenergic stimulation in human neuropathic pain
Authors: Schattschneider Jörn , Scarano Marco , Binder Andreas , Wasner Gunnar , Baron Ralf 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe chronic constriction injury model is widely used in studying mechanisms of neuropathic pain. In this model neuropathic pain can be influenced by sympathetic interventions. It is assumed that similar mechanisms as in animals are responsible for pain arising from nerve entrapment syndromes in humans. The aim of the present study was to investigate if in patients with nerve entrapment nociceptive afferents can be modulated by adrenergic stimulation.Methods: Twenty patients with pain due to a unilateral entrapment of the median nerve and 10 controls were included in the study. Spontaneous pain, mechanical and thermal evoked pain were assessed within the innervation territory of the lesioned nerve and the corresponding contralateral segment in patients and on the right hand side in healthy volunteers. The examinations were performed at baseline, during whole body cooling (sympathetic activation) and whole body warming (sympathetic inhibition), and after norepinephrine iontophoresis.Results: All patients reported spontaneous pain. Mechanical allodynia, punctate hyperalgesia and cold allodynia was not found. According to side‐to‐side differences in heat pain thresholds, patients were separated in patients with (n=10) and without (n=10) heat hyperalgesia. Adrenergic stimulation did not induce or enhance spontaneous or mechanical evoked pain in any patient or control subject. However in patients with pre‐existing heat hyperalgesia sympathetic stimulation aggravated heat hyperalgesia significantly. Further in these patients the decrease in heat pain thresholds observed after norepinephrine iontophoresis was significantly higher compared to patients without pre‐existing heat hyperalgesia.Conclusion: Sympathetic–afferent interaction does not play a major role in pain generation due to nerve entrapment. Nevertheless in a subgroup of patients nociceptive afferents show sensitivity to physiological and pharmacological sympathetic stimulation. This finding is important because it emphasises that despite there is no clinical detectable effect on pain sympathetic afferent interaction can be found.
A short-term intervention trial with selenate, selenium-enriched yeast and selenium-enriched milk: effects on oxidative defence regulation
Authors: Ravn-Haren Gitte , Bügel Susanne , Krath Britta N. , Hoac Tien , Stagsted Jan , Jørgensen Karina , Bresson June R. , Larsen Erik H. , Dragsted Lars O. 
Published: September 2007

Increased Se intakes have been associated with decreased risk of cancer and CVD. Several mechanisms have been proposed, including antioxidant effects through selenoproteins, induction of carcinogen metabolism and effects on the blood lipid profile. In a 4 × 1 week randomised, double-blind cross-over study, healthy young men supplemented their usual diet with selenate, Se-enriched yeast, Se-enriched milk or placebo (Se dose was 300 μg/d for selenate and Se-enriched yeast, and about 480 μg/d for Se-enriched milk) followed by 8-week washout periods. All Se sources increased serum Se levels after supplementation for 1 week. The effect of the organic forms did not differ significantly and both increased serum Se more than selenate. Conversely, thrombocyte glutathione peroxidase (GPX) was increased in the periods where subjects were supplemented with selenate but not in those where they were given Se-enriched yeast or Se-enriched milk. We found no effect on plasma lipid resistance to oxidation, total cholesterol, TAG, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, GPX, glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities measured in erythrocytes, GPX and GR activities determined in plasma, or GR and GST activities in thrombocytes. Leucocyte expression of genes encoding selenoproteins (GPX1, TrR1 and SelP), and of electrophile response element-regulated genes (GCLC, Fra1 and NQO1) were likewise unaffected at all time points following intervention. We conclude that thrombocyte GPX is specifically increased by short-term selenate supplementation, but not by short-term supplementation with organic Se. Short-term Se supplementation does not seem to affect blood lipid markers or expression and activity of selected enzymes and a transcription factor involved in glutathione-mediated detoxification and antioxidation.
The Centre 3 layered gabbro intrusion, Ardnamurchan, NW Scotland
Authors: O'Driscoll B. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDetailed remapping of the Palaeogene Ardnamurchan Centre 3 gabbros, NW Scotland, suggests that this classic sequence of ring-intrusions forms a composite layered lopolith. The area mapped by previous studies as the Great Eucrite gabbro intrusion comprises 70% by area of Centre 3. Field observations suggest that most of the other smaller ring-intrusions of Centre 3 (interior to the Great Eucrite) constitute either distinct petrological facies of the same intrusion, or included country-rock or peridotite blocks. These observations, together with syn-magmatically deformed inward-dipping modal layering, are used here to support the interpretation that significant central sagging occurred in the intrusion at a late stage in its crystallization history.
Zircon ages of the metavolcanic rocks and metagranites of the Ollo de Sapo Domain in central Spain: implications for the Neoproterozoic to Early Palaeozoic evolution of Iberia
Authors: Montero P. , Bea F. , González-Lodeiro F. , Talavera C. , Whitehouse M. J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractDating the pre-Middle Ordovician metavolcanic rocks and metagranites of the Ollo de Sapo Domain has, historically, been difficult because of the small compositional variation, the effects of the Variscan orogeny and, as revealed in this paper, the unusually high fraction of inherited zircon components. The first reliable zircon data (U–Pb ion microprobe and Pb–Pb stepwise evaporation) indicate that the Ollo de Sapo volcanism spanned 495±5 Ma to 483±3 Ma, and was followed by the intrusion of high-level granites from 483±3 Ma to 474±4 Ma. In both metavolcanic rocks and metagranites, no less than 70–80% of zircon grains are either totally Precambrian or contain a Precambrian core overgrown by a Cambro-Ordovician rim. About 80–90% of inherited zircons are Early Ediacaran (602–614 Ma) and derived from calc-alkaline intermediate to felsic igneous rocks generated at the end of the Pan-African arc–continent collision. In the Villadepera region, located to the west, both the metagranites and metavolcanic rocks also contain Meso-Archaean zircons (3.0–3.2 Ga) which ultimately originated from the West African Craton. In the Hiendelaencina region, located to the east, both the metagranites and metavolcanic rocks lack Meso-Archaean zircons, but they have two different inherited zircon populations, one Cryogenian (650–700 Ma) and the other Tonian (850–900 Ma), which suggest older-than-Ediacaran additional island-arc components. The different proportion of source components and the marked variation of the 87Sr/86Srinit. suggest, at least tentatively, that the across-arc polarity of the remnants of the Pan-African arc of Iberia trended east–west (with respect to the current coordinates) during Cambro-Ordovician times, and that the passive margin was situated to the west.
Miniature deep-sea hatchetfish (Teleostei: Stomiiformes) from the Miocene of Italy
Authors: CARNEVALE GIORGIO 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new genus and species of deep-sea hatchetfish,Discosternon federicaegen. et sp. nov., is described from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) calciturbititic deposits of the Tufillo Unit exposed near the town of Gessopalena, central Italy. It is based on a single, very small, well-preserved and nearly complete specimen that exhibits a discoid physiognomy and a unique combination of features, many of which are reductive (loss of dorsal blade, loss of anal-fin hiatus, loss of abdominal keel-like structure, reduction of number of supraneurals, reduction of number of caudal vertebrae, presence of slender neural and haemal spines, external surface of cleithrum smooth). The comparative morphological analysis indicates thatDiscosternonis probably related to the derived generaHorbatshiaandSternoptyx. The highly reduced body size and the possession of many reductive characters indicate thatDiscosternoncan be presumed to be a miniature fish. Anatomical and morphofunctional considerations suggest thatDiscosternonpossibly was a midwater plankton feeder characterized by a reduced locomotory ability.
Significance of pre-epiglottic space invasion in supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy
Authors: Suoglu Y , Guven M , Kiyak E , Enoz M 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCancerous involvement of the pre-epiglottic space has been known for many years to be an important prognostic factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of pre-epiglottic space invasion, according to the degree of invasion (i.e. absence, minimal or gross), and to assess the oncological suitability for supracricoid partial laryngectomy in patients with supraglottic laryngeal carcinomas. This study included 52 patients with squamous cell carcinomas of the supraglottic and glotto-supraglottic larynx, treated with supracricoid partial laryngectomy–cricohyoidopexy, between 1992 and 2001. Clinical and histopathological parameters were evaluated. Pre-epiglottic space invasion was seen in 35 patients (67.3 per cent); there was gross invasion in seven patients and minimal invasion in 28. Neoplastic invasion of the anterior commissure was seen in 18 patients (34.6 per cent) and thyroid cartilage involvement in eight (15.4 per cent). Neoplastic spread through the extralaryngeal tissues was not seen in any patient. The five-year overall survival was 71.5 per cent for patients with gross pre-epiglottic space invasion, 82.2 per cent for those with minimal pre-epiglottic space invasion, and 76.4 per cent for those without pre-epiglottic space invasion. It was observed that gross or minimal pre-epiglottic space invasion did not have a statistically significant effect on survival. Univariate analysis showed that nodal positivity was associated with a poor prognosis. None of the other parameters analysed showed a statistically significant relationship with survival. Four (7.6 per cent) patients had local laryngeal recurrence. Distant metastasis and a second primary tumour were detected in three (5.8 per cent) and four (7.6 per cent) patients, respectively. The five-year overall survival and cause-specific survival were 78.8 and 82 per cent, respectively. Supracricoid partial laryngectomy with cricohyoidopexy can safely be performed in supraglottic and glotto-supraglottic carcinomas with minimal or gross invasion of the pre-epiglottic space which have no extralaryngeal spread. Nodal status is an important predictor affecting survival.
Male breast cancer – how to treat?
Authors: Rossmann E. D. , Liljegren A. , Bergh J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractTreatment principles of breast cancer in males are derived from studies performed among females, while the low incidence in males has so far precluded such studies. The therapy recommendations for males therefore lack the solid evidence, frequently present for females with breast cancer. The primary breast cancer diagnosis in males is not infrequently in stage III/IV and at higher age, thereby requiring multiprofessional and multimodal management including preoperative therapy and adjuvant therapies based on the tumour’s biological characteristics and the clinical circumstances. The majority of male breast cancer tumours are oestrogen-receptor positive and adjuvant/neoadjuvant tamoxifen is therefore recommended, surgery is frequently radical mastectomy and adjuvant radiotherapy should likely be used on wider indications. Chemotherapy should be considered both in the adjuvant and metastatic setting for receptor-negative cancers and for patients with biologically aggressive disease. Trastuzumab should be offered to patients with Her-2/neu-positive disease, while the use of aromatase inhibitors is more uncertain due to differences in the hormonal environment in males.
Phonological Processing Skills of Adolescents With Residual Speech Sound Errors
Authors: Preston Jonathan L. , Edwards Mary Louise 
Published: September 2007

PurposeResearch has shown that young children with speech sound disorders may have weaknesses in phonological processing. However, such skills have not been thoroughly examined in adolescents with residual speech sound errors. Therefore, this study compared the phonological processing abilities of adolescents with residual speech sound errors to those of normally speaking peers.MethodTwo nonword repetition tasks, multisyllabic word repetition, spoonerisms, phoneme reversals, and an elision task were used to compare the phonological processing skills of 10–14-year-olds with residual speech sound errors that include rhotic phonemes (RE,n= 13) to those of normally speaking (NS,n= 14) adolescents of similar age and receptive vocabulary abilities.ResultsThe 2 groups were found to differ on 5 of the 6 phonological processing tasks. Discriminant analysis showed that 85% of the participants could be correctly classified into the RE and NS groups based solely on phonological processing skills.ConclusionThe possible nature of the phonological processing impairment is discussed in the context of current theoretical understanding. It is recommended that when planning assessment and intervention for adolescents with residual speech sound errors, clinicians be cognizant of the fact that the adolescents may also have weaknesses in phonological processing.
Longitudinal Effects of Phonological Awareness Intervention on Morphological Awareness in Children With Speech Impairment
Authors: Kirk Cecilia , Gillon Gail T. 
Published: September 2007

Purpose
This study examined reading performance and morphological awareness development in 2 groups of children with speech impairment who had received differing types of intervention during their preschool years.

Method

The children were aged between 7;6 and 9;5 (years;months) at the time of the study. Group 1 (
n
= 8) had received preschool intervention to facilitate phonological awareness and letter knowledge in addition to improving speech production. Group 2 (
n
= 9) had received preschool intervention that focused solely on improving speech intelligibility. A third group of children with typical development (Group 3,
n
= 24) also participated in the study. Two reading tests were administered, one that assessed word recognition and another that assessed nonword decoding. Two tests of morphological awareness were also administered, one that tested the spelling of morphologically complex words and another that tested the oral generation of the base form of derived words.

Results
Children with a history of speech impairment who had received phonological awareness intervention (Group 1) performed significantly better on nonword decoding and on the spelling of morphologically complex words than did children with a history of speech impairment whose intervention focused on speech only (Group 2). The typically developing children (Group 3) were not significantly different from Group 1 on the spelling of morphologically complex words, and like Group 1, they outperformed Group 2 on this measure. However, Group 3 did not perform significantly better than Group 2 on nonword decoding, and both of these groups performed significantly more poorly than Group 1 on this measure. There were no group differences in the ability to orally generate base words.

Conclusion
Children with a history of speech impairment who had received phonological awareness intervention and who became proficient readers demonstrated an ability to use morphological awareness in the spelling process that was similar to that of their peers without speech impairment. These findings highlight the potential long-term benefits associated with early phonological awareness intervention.
Complexities of Expressive Word Learning Over Time
Authors: McGregor Karla K. , Sheng Li , Ball Tracy 
Published: September 2007

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine semantic and lexical aspects of word learning over time.

Method
Thirty-four 8-year-olds participated in vocabulary lessons for 2 weeks. Frequency of exposure and informativeness of semantic context were manipulated. A definition task assessed semantic learning and a naming task assessed lexical learning.

Results
Semantic and lexical knowledge accrued over time and were maintained after a 1-month interval. Higher frequency of exposure had an immediate effect on semantic learning and a more gradual effect on lexical learning. Frequency of exposure coupled with informative context promoted semantic learning.

Clinical Implications
Speech-language pathologists should be mindful of the richness of the learning context and the redundancy of massed and distributed exposures. Learning at the semantic and lexical levels can dissociate so both should be addressed.
Principals' Opinions on the Role of Speech-Language Pathologists Serving Students With Communication Disorders Involved in Violence
Authors: Ritzman Mitzi J. , Sanger Dixie 
Published: September 2007

Purpose
The purpose of this study was to survey the opinions of principals concerning the role of speech-language pathologists (SLPs) serving students with communication disorders who have been involved in violence.

Method
A mixed methods design involving 678 questionnaires was mailed to elementary, middle, and high school principals in a Midwestern state. Descriptive statistics and qualitative analyses identifying themes from 1 open-ended question were conducted.

Results
A total of 423 (62.1%) questionnaires were received. Findings indicated that principals were aware of the important role of SLPs on multidisciplinary teams and in planning prevention programs. They agreed that SLP services positively impact students' social adjustment, academic performance, and behavior. Mean responses indicated uncertainty on 12 Likert-type items pertaining to SLPs' training in serving students who have been involved in violence. From 84 participants, 164 ideas emerged in seven themes: (a) intervention/service delivery, (b) definition of violence/relationship of violence to speech and language services, (c) role of SLP, (d) training/education, (e) frequency of violence/safety, and (g) impact of home environment.

Conclusion
Findings should be interpreted cautiously due to sample restrictions. Nevertheless, findings support that principals value SLPs' services. They also provide evidence for SLPs to continue to advocate for the services they perform, collaboration, and a range of service delivery models during intervention.
Exploration of Lexical–Semantic Factors Affecting Stress Production in Derived Words
Authors: Jarmulowicz Linda , Taran Valentina L. 
Published: September 2007

PurposeThis study examined whether lexical frequency, semantic knowledge, or sentence context affect children’s production of primary stress in derived words with stress-changing suffixes (e.g.,-ity).MethodThirty children (Mage= 9;1 [years;months]) produced a limited set of high-frequency (HF) and low-frequency (LF) derived words formed with stress-changing suffixes (e.g.,-ity). Half of the children produced the derived words in a sentence context. The other half produced words in isolation. Semantic knowledge of the derived words was also assessed.ResultsPrimary stress was produced more accurately in HF words than in LF words. HF words produced in a sentence context were more accurate than all LF words and HF words produced in isolation. Both knowing a word’s meaning and accurately producing stress was more likely for HF words than for LF words. A substantial minority of derived words (36%) was either known semantically or produced correctly, but not both.ConclusionAccurate morphophonological production may involve semantic and frequency factors, but those factors alone do not explain all of the results. This study isolates several important factors that may be useful when choosing derived word stimuli.
Taking account of catchability in groundfish survey trawls: implications for estimating demersal fish biomass
Authors: Fraser Helen M. , Greenstreet Simon P. R. , Piet Gerjan J. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFraser, H. M., Greenstreet, S. P. R., and Piet, G. J. 2007. Taking account of catchability in groundfish survey trawls: implications for estimating demersal fish biomass. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64. Groundfish surveys are a key component of current scientific data monitoring and data-collection activities undertaken in support of fisheries management. Recent requirements to develop and implement an ecosystem approach to management are placing increasing and varied demands on such datasets. Successfully incorporating ecosystem and environmental objectives within fisheries management will, for example, require greater understanding of foodweb trophodynamics, which in turn requires detailed information on the abundance and distribution of fish predators and prey species on spatial scales hitherto rarely considered. However, no trawl gear catches all the fish in its path, so density estimates provided by such trawl samples do not reflect true densities of fish. Catchability in a trawl gear is affected by many factors and varies both between species and between different sized conspecifics, and therefore has the capacity to confound our understanding of predator–prey interactions and of the relative abundance of different species and size classes of fish at any point in time or space. To overcome such problems, estimates of the catchability of each size class of each species sampled in a given survey are required for trawl sample densities to be raised to the actual densities of fish present at each location sampled. Here, we present a method for estimating catchability coefficients for 1-cm size classes of fish species sampled by the Grande Overture Vertical trawl during the third quarter ICES International Bottom Trawl Survey. The catchability coefficients obtained are applied to survey data collected between 1998 and 2004 to examine annual variation in actual abundance of the demersal fish assemblage in the North Sea.