bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photodynamic therapy in Barrett's esophagus: Reduction of specialized mucosa, ablation of dysplasia, and treatment of superficial esophageal cancer
Authors: Overholt Bergein F. , Panjehpour Masoud 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwelve patients with Barrett's esophagus and dysplasia were treated with photodynamic therapy. Five patients also had early, superficial esophageal cancers and five had esophageal polyps. Light was delivered via a standard diffuser or a centering esophageal balloon. Patients were maintained on omeprazole and followed for 6–54 months. In patients with Barrett's esophagus, photodynamic therapy ablated dys‐plastic mucosa and malignant mucosa in patients with superficial cancer. Healing and partial replacement of Barrett's mucosa with normal squamous epithelium occurred in all patients and complete replacement with squamous epithelium was found in three patients. Side effects included photosensitivity and mild‐moderate chest pain and dysphagia for 5–7 days. In four patients with extensive circumferential mucosal ablation in the mid or proximal esophagus, healing was associated with esophageal strictures which were treated successfully by esophageal dilation. Strictures were not found in the distal esophagus. Photodynamic therapy combined with long‐term acid inhibition provides effective endoscopie therapy of Barrett's mucosal dysplasia and superficial (Tis‐Tl) esophageal cancer. The windowed centering balloon improves delivery of photodynamic therapy to diffusely abnormal esophageal mucosa. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, inc.
Premalignant changes in ulcerative colitis
Authors: Nixon John B. , Burdick J. Steven , Mirza Ahmed H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColitis‐associated carcinoma is often associated with, or preceded by, noninvasive epithelial neoplastic changes termed dysplasia. Surveillance colonoscopy with biopsies looking for dysplasia is now standard practice in the management of the cancer problem in ulcerative colitis. However, this practice continues to have a number of limitations and problems that need to be understood by surgeons who may be referring such patients. A number of recent reports indicate that colitis associated carcinoma is predominantly left‐sided and incorporation of this distribution in the surveillance methods merits consideration. The molecular and genetic abnormalities involved in the pathogenesis of colitis associated neoplasia are being actively investigated and may yield supplementary methods to better define individual patient risk. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inherited syndromes of colon polyps
Authors: Box J. Craig , Watne Alvin L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecognition of the mendelian dominant inherited syndrome of familial polyposis coli in the 1930s has been followed by the recognition of many inherited colonic polyposis syndromes. The recognition of different histological types of colon polyps was associated by the gradual recognition that some, such as the hamartomatous polyps, do not progress into adenocarcinoma, and others, such as various adenomas have a greater or lesser propensity to eventually give rise to invasive cancer.As the host of inherited syndromes expanded and were more widely recognized, additional inherited characteristics became apparent: such tumors as breast and thyroid associated with Cowden's syndrome, ovarian cysts and sex cord tumors with Peutz‐Jeghers syndrome, and, of course, the soft tissue, bony tumors, ampullary cancers, and fi‐broadenomas associated with Gardner's syndrome.In recent years, genetic markers for the various syndromes have been studied, and in some cases confirmed. This whole field is rapidly developing and is briefly covered. All the steps and influencing factors in cancer development are shown in one phase or another of the polyp‐cancer sequence in these inherited syndromes. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer and colonic adenomas: Aggressive adenomas?
Authors: Lynch Henry T. , Smyrk Thomas , Jass Jeremy R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) results from an inherited defect in one of the genes responsible for repair of errors that occur during DNA replication. Affected individuals have high risk for cancers of the colon and certain extracolonic sites. It appears that HNPCC patients form adenomas at about the same rate as the general population and there is circumstantial evidence that adenoma is the precursor to colorectal carcinoma in the syndrome. It is hypothesized that HNPCC features accelerated progression from colonie adenoma to carcinoma, a process theoretically driven by the inability to repair DNA mismatches. Evidence in support of the “Aggressive Adenoma” in HNPCC is provided. We discuss our recommendations for colono‐scopic surveillance on an annual basis for HNPCC gene‐positive individuals, and for genetic counseling. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Colonoscopic polypectomy: Indication, technique, and therapeutic implications
Authors: Greene Frederick L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe flexible fibroscopic colonoscope has changed the way we approach colonie disease. The technique of safe, effective colonoscopy is discussed including the indications and contraindications for therapeutic intervention via the colonoscope. The techniques of polypectomy is described, including some tips for methodology gained by the broad experience of the author, and admonition against the possible complications which can be life‐threatening. The application for polypectomy in the presence of in‐situ or invasive cancer is presented. The possible future development of colonoscopic and laparoscopic techniques are presented. The article concludes with a discussion of the monumental work of the National Polyp Study documenting that patients undergoing polypectomy have a significant reduction in the incidence of colon cancer. Application of the knowledge to the general population requires the identification of at‐risk populations. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transition metal catalyzed carbon‐silicon bond forming reactions using chlorosilanes promoted by Grignard reagents
Authors: Terao Jun , Kambe Nobuaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNew catalytic CSi bond‐forming reactions using chlorosilanes are described. These reactions proceed efficiently under mild conditions by the combined use of Grignard reagents and transition metal catalysts, such as Ti, Zr, Ni, and Pd. It is proposed that ate complex intermediates formed by the reaction of transition metals with Grignard reagents play important roles as the active catalytic species. The present study demonstrates the practical use of chlorosilanes in transition metal catalyzed silylation reactions providing convenient methods for allyl‐ or vinylsilane synthesis. The reaction pathways of these transformations as well as the scope and limitations are discussed. © 2007 The Japan Chemical Journal Forum and Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Chem Rec 7: 57–67; 2007: Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com) DOI 10.1002/tcr.20101
Trend of permanent magnet synchronous machines
Authors: Morimoto Shigeo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe performance of permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) has improved rapidly by the progress in elemental technologies such as electromagnetic material technology, computer‐aided design technology, control technique, and drive circuit technology, and thus PMSMs are attractive as high‐performance machines in various fields. This paper describes the recent technology and the trends in PMSMs. To begin with the PMSMs are classified by the ratio of magnet torque to the reluctance torque and their features described, then the trend of the motor design and the electromagnetic material for highly efficient PMSM is shown. The technologies that help to reduce the vibration and noise are also described, and the recently developed PMSMs for traction drive application are introduced. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Trends of intelligent power module
Authors: Majumdar Gourab , Fukunaga Masanori , Ise Toshifumi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe state‐of‐the‐art Intelligent Power Modules (IPMs) have been reviewed in the beginning of this paper along with a brief overview of its history and the purpose of its development. In the following part, the paper reviews the key IPM concept and the technologies that supported its evolution as a major power electronics component family so far. The paper will also highlight on the status and future possibilities of IPM based power semiconductors for far future power conversion applications. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development trend of the permanent magnet synchronous motor for railway traction
Authors: Matsuoka Koichi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractOwing to the resent progress in power electronics and permanent magnet materials, a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) that is lighter, smaller, and more efficient than the conventional induction motor has become realistic as a traction motor. We are making research and development effort on the introduction of the PMSM to rail vehicle traction. The recent development trend of the permanent magnet synchronous traction motor is reviewed. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Permanent magnet synchronous motor drives for hybrid electric vehicles
Authors: Sato Eiji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn this paper, high‐output motor control and variable voltage system are introduced as technologies, which increase the output of motor drive systems for hybrid vehicles. High‐output motor control enabled 30% increase of output by driving the permanent magnet (PM) motor with a rectangular wave. The variable voltage system successfully managed to achieve both high output and low loss by increasing the battery voltage using a boost converter. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Image matching based on relation between pixels located on the maximum and minimum gray‐levels in local area
Authors: Saitoh Fumihiko 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a template matching method maximum and minimum gray levels pixels sign matching (MMM) which is based on a comparison of the gray levels of a pair of pixels whose locations are on the pixels with the maximum and the minimum gray levels in a local area in a template image. In this method, the locations of the pixels with the maximum and the minimum gray levels are registered in a local area whose center is every pixel in a template image. The target image area is searched from the matching ratio which is obtained by the relation between the gray levels of the two pixels whose locations have been registered in the template image. The experimental results show that the proposed method had equal or better robustness to the inferior factors of objective images in comparison with the three typical conventional template matching methods. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Development of terabit‐class super‐networking technologies
Authors: Murayama Junichi , Matsuda Kazuhiro , Araki Soichiro , Chugo Akira , Tsuruoka Tetsumei , Suzuki Toshiaki , Matsuoka Hideaki 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe propose terabit‐class super‐networking technologies, designed to improve the scalability, reliability and performance of optical Internet protocol networks. Our technologies comprise both intra‐ and interlayer traffic engineering technologies. The intralayer technologies include an optical path protection scheme, an electrical load‐balancing scheme and a distributed content‐caching scheme. These provide an effective and economical way of improving performance and reliability. The interlayer technologies include both traffic‐driven and application‐driven optical cut‐through control schemes and a policy control scheme. These provide an effective and economical way of improving scalability and performance. The feasibility of our technologies has been verified by means of experiments using prototype systems. The results showed that the different techniques can be combined to form a single network architecture for dynamic optical path control. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Process variation compensation technique for voltage‐controlled ring oscillator
Authors: Kim Guechol , Ueda Keisuke , Cha Sungwoo , Ida Tsukasa , Shimizu Yoshiyuki , Matsuoka Toshimasa , Taniguchi Kenji 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA voltage‐controlled ring oscillator with process variation compensation circuits is designed using 0.25 µm CMOS technology. The simulation results show that the proposed ring oscillator increases the guaranteed frequency tuning range by 12% compared to a conventional ring oscillator. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Particle swarm optimization with controlled mutation
Authors: Higashitani Mitusharu , Ishigame Atsushi , Yasuda Keiichiro 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a new Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique which uses mutation. This method is based on PSO, with mutation appended to it. The most important point in this paper is that we make use of the information provided to gbest by the mutation of just one dimension, because we consider that gbest is the best possible information to update after mutation. In this paper, we adapt this method into Linearly Decreasing Inertia Weight Method (LDIWM), and validate it through several benchmark problems. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Automated X‐ray inspection method for fillet‐less mounted chip components
Authors: Teramoto Atsushi , Murakoshi Takayuki , Tsuzaka Masatoshi , Fujita Hiroshi 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChip components mounted on the printed circuit board are rapidly being miniaturized. Furthermore, the fillet‐less chip soldering technique, which does not use a solder fillet, is widely used in portable products such as mobile phones. However, there is no method to inspect the soldering of fillet‐less chip mounting. In this paper, we propose an automated X‐ray inspection technique for fillet‐less chip mounting. It extracts three inspection parameters from the X‐ray image. In the experiments, we evaluate the repeatability and inspecting ability of the technique and confirm that sufficient information for failure detection is obtained. An automated X‐ray inspection system using this technique is now in operation at some factories, so in conclusion our automated method would be useful in practice. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Role of the α‐glucanase Agn2p in ascus‐wall endolysis following sporulation in fission yeast
Authors: Dekker Nick , van Rijssel Jos , Distel Ben , Hochstenbach Frans 
Published: February 2007

AbstractDuring sporulation in the ascomyceteous fungus Schizosaccharomyces pombe, diploid cells undergo differentiation into asci containing four haploid ascospores, which are highly resistant to environmental stresses. Although the morphogenetic processes involved in ascospore formation have been studied extensively, little is known about the molecular mechanism that ensures the release of mature ascospores from the ascus, allowing their dispersal into the environment. Recently, we identified Agn2p as the paralogue of the characterized endo‐(1,3)‐α‐glucanase Agn1p, and observed that asci deleted for agn2 are defective in ascospore dispersal. Here, we focus on the cellular and biochemical functions of Agn2p. By placing agn2 under the control of an inducible promoter, we show that expression of agn2 is required for the efficient release of ascospores from their asci. Furthermore, we characterize the enzyme activity of purified recombinant Agn2p and show that Agn2p, like Agn1p, is an endo‐(1,3)‐α‐glucanase that produces predominantly (1,3)‐α‐glucan pentasaccharides. Finally, we demonstrate that exogenous addition of purified Agn2p liberated the ascospores from asci deleted for agn2. We propose that Agn2p participates in the endolysis of the ascus wall by hydrolysing its (1,3)‐α‐glucan, thereby assisting in the release of ascospores. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Video‐assisted Thoracoscopic Resection of a Small Pulmonary Nodule after Computed Tomography–guided Localization with a Hook‐wire System
Authors: Pittet Olivier , Christodoulou Michel , Pezzetta Edgardo , Schmidt Sabine , Schnyder Pierre , Ris Hans‐Beat 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundThis study is a single‐institution validation of video‐assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) resection of a small solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) previously localized by a CT‐guided hook‐wire system in a consecutive series of 45 patients.MethodsThe records of all patients undergoing VATS resection for SPN preoperatively localized by CT‐guided a hook‐wire system from January 2002 to December 2004 were assessed with respect to failure to localize the lesion by the hook‐wire system, conversion thoracotomy rate, duration of operation, postoperative complications, and histology of SPN.ResultsForty‐five patients underwent 49 VATS resections, with simultaneous bilateral SPN resection performed in 4. Preoperative CT‐guided hook‐wire localization failed in two patients (4%). Conversion thoracotomy was necessary in two patients (4%) because it was not possible to resect the lesion by a VATS approach. The average operative time was 50 min. Postoperative complications occurred in 3 patients (6%), one hemothorax and two pneumonia. The mean hospital stay was 5 days (range: 2–18 days). Histological assessment revealed inflammatory disease in 17 patients (38%), metastasis in 17 (38%), non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 4 (9%), lymphoma in 3 (6%), interstitial fibrosis in 2 (4%), histiocytoma in one (2%), and hamartoma in one (2%).ConclusionsHistological analysis of resected SPN revealed unexpected malignant disease in more than 50% of the patients indicating that histological clarification of SPN seems warranted. Video‐assisted thoracoscopic resection of SPN previously localized by a CT‐guided hook‐wire system is related to a low conversion thoracotomy rate, a short operation time, and few postoperative complications, and it is well suited for the clarification of SPN.
Mucocele of the Appendix
Authors: Ruiz‐Tovar J. , Teruel D. García , Castiñeiras V. Morales , Dehesa A. Sanjuanbenito , Quindós P. López , Molina E. Martínez 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackgroundMucocele of the appendix is an infrequent event, representing 0.3%–0.7% of appendiceal pathology and 8% of appendiceal tumors. It is characterized by a located or diffuse distension of the appendix with a mucus‐filled lumen.Materials and MethodsWe describe 35 cases of mucocele of the appendix diagnosed at Ramón y Cajal Hospital between January 1985 and January 2006.ResultsA total of 21 males and 14 females with a mean age of 52.7 years are described. Most cases manifested as abdominal pain located in right iliac fossa, but 2 cases were incidental findings at CT‐scan and 1 at ultrasonography, performed for other reasons. In 4 cases, mucocele coexisted with colorectal cancer and was an incidental finding during laparotomy performed for tumor resection. Ultrasonography and computed tomography (CT) scan helped to achieve a correct diagnosis. Preoperative diagnosis of mucocele was achieved in 29% of the cases; 88% of patients underwent appendectomy, 2 had ileocecal resection, and 2 others underwent right hemicolectomy. Pathology revealed mucous hyperplasia in 34% of the cases, simple mucocele in 29%, cystadenoma in 31%, and cystadenocarcinoma in 2 patients. Two other patients developed adenocarcinoma of the cecum 12 and 33 months after surgery, and one patient developed pseudomyxoma peritonei after 62 months, causing his death.ConclusionsThe pathologist is forced to do an exhaustive study, looking for inadvertent perforations that can change the good prognosis of mucocele. We recommend follow‐up of all patients with mucoceles, because sometimes they are associated with colorectal neoplasms and recurrence as pseudomyxoma peritonei.
Management of Non-United Four-Corner Fusions
Authors: Skie Martin C. , Gove Nicholas , Ciocanel Despina E. , Smith Holly 
Published: February 2007

Purpose Wrist degeneration, resulting from scaphoid nonunion or scapholunate ligamentous disruption, is widely managed with scaphoid excision with four-corner fusion. There are no specific details in the literature regarding “salvage” of nonunion after attempted “four-corner fusions” or the patient outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to present the results of patients who underwent treatment for nonunion after four-corner fusion, the subsequent surgeries done for wrist salvage and the functional results. Methods We reviewed, retrospectively, 37 patients who underwent limited wrist fusion using circular plate fixation, of which eight cases (22%) went on to nonunion and necessitated revision surgeries with plate exchange and bone graft. ( Table 1 ) Five of eight patients were available to return to the clinic, and the wrist range of motion and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score were recorded. Results The average DASH score was 46 (range, 15 to 60.8). Grip on the affected limb was, on the average, 62% of the contralateral limb. Average arc of wrist motion was 70° (35.7° of flexion and 34.3° of extension). Three of the five patients were laborers, and two returned to the previous employment. The remaining two patients returned to their previous sedentary jobs. All patients reported difficulty with recreational activities involving heavy activity. Conclusions Complications of four-corner arthrodesis using circular plate fixation were recorded, revealing a high number of nonunions and hardware failures. All nonunions were salvaged with allograft or autogenous grafting with plate revision; however, the patients did have considerable limitations.
The relations among narcissism, self‐esteem, and delinquency in a sample of at‐risk adolescents
Authors: Barry Christopher T. , Grafeman Sarah J. , Adler Kristy K. , Pickard Jessica D. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study explores the relation between narcissism and delinquency among 372 at‐risk 16–18‐year‐olds. The study also considered the relation between narcissism and self‐esteem, as well as the potential interaction between narcissism and self‐esteem for predicting delinquency in this age group. Narcissism and self‐esteem were positively interrelated; however, only narcissism was significantly correlated with delinquency. The results suggested that low self‐esteem was actually associated with delinquency when controlling for narcissism. So‐called adaptive narcissism was positively correlated with self‐esteem, but maladaptive narcissism was not related to self‐esteem. Limitations and directions for future research in this area are discussed.