bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Properties of a Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) Isolate from Eggplant in Jordan and Evidence for Biological and Serological Differences Between CPMMV Isolates from Leguminons and Solanaceous Hosts
Authors: Mansour A. , Al‐Musa A. , Vetten H. J. , Lesemann D.‐E. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA virus isolate from an eggplant (Solanum melongena) showing a mild leaf mosaic had slightly curved filamentous particles with a normal length of 653 nm, a capsid protein size of about 32 kDa and a narrow host range restricted largely to the Solanaceae, It was transmitted by the whitefly Bemisia tabaci in a nonpersistent manner but not by the aphid Mvzus persicae. Its particle morphology, vector transmission and strong reactions in immunoelectron microscopic (IEM) decoration tests with antisera to cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) indicated that it is a CPMMV isolate. Particles of the isolate were weakly decorated when antisera to two carlaviruses, carnation latent virus and a distinct but incompletely described carlavirus from Helleborus, were used in I EM but not with 19 antisera to other carlaviruses. When the isolate was compared in host range and serological properties with another CPMMV isolate from tomato in Israel and two legume isolates of CPMMV, the two isolates originating from the solanaceous hosts in Jordan and Israel appeared to be very similar but clearly distinct from the two legume isolates from India and West Africa. In IEM decoration experiments, a legume isolate of CPMMV from Brazil was serologically distantly related to the two other legume isolates but strikingly dissimilar to the Jordanian isolate. Moreover, the isolates from Jordan and Israel differed from the legume isolates by inducing only banded or nonbanded virion aggregates but no brush‐like virion aggregates reported to be characteristic of legume isolates of CPMMV from Africa, Thailand and Brazil. Under the conditions of the present study brush‐like inclusiotis were also found with the Indiati and West African isolates. The incidence of the virus was higher in the autumn than spring growing season. Solanum incanum was identified as a possible perennial reservoir of CPMMV during the summer when the Jordan valley is virtually free from cultivated eggplants
Ice Nucleation Activity of Strains from Pseudomonas syringae Pathovars atrofadens and syringae, Mainly Isolated from Cereals
Authors: Mittelstädt H. , Rudolph K. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIce nucleation activity was determined in 14 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae and 16 strains of Pseudomonas syringae pv. atrofadens. mostly isolated from cereals. The majority of the syringae‐strains (85%) possessed ice nucleation activity, with 64% being highly active. In contrast, most of the atrofaciens‐strains (69%) showed no ice nucleation activity, and only 19% were highly active. The results obtained could be confirmed by determining the nucleation frequency in the temperature range from ‐3 to ‐10 C, The data indicate that the capability for ice nucleation might help epiphytic bacteria to colonize leaf surfaces by the release of plant nutrients at mild and short‐term frosts. On the other hand, those Ps. syringae pathovars that can infect and ingress into leaves, are not apparently dependent on ice nucleation activity for pathogenesis.
Complexity of Virus‐like Double‐stranded RN A Elements in a Diseased Isolate of the Dutch Elm Disease Fungus, Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi
Authors: Cole T. E. , Mcller B. M. , Hong Y. , Brasier C. M. , Buck K. W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHigh resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis has shown that a diseased isolate of the Dutch elm disease fungus, Ophiostoma novo‐ulmi, Logl/3–8d2 (Ld), contains 12 virus‐like double‐stranded (ds) RNA segmetits instead of the 10 segments previously reported. DsRNAs 1 and 3 were each separated into two segtnents, designated dsRNA‐la, dsRNA‐lb, dsRNA‐3a and dsRNA‐3b, respectively. The relative nnobilities of dsRNAs 3a and 3b were reversed when electrophoresed in 4 and 8% gels, indicating that structure as well as size cati contribute to electrophoretic mobility. Analysis of the dsRNA profiles of healthy isolate W2toll (the progenitor of Ld), and healthy single‐conidial isolates derived from Ld, showed that dsRNAs la, lb, 3a and 3b were not the cause of the Ld diseased phenotype. Two single conidial isolates were obtained which contained only dsRNA‐6 which therefore replicates atitonomously. Overall the results indicated that the 12 Ld dsRNAs are comprised of several independent replicons. The single‐stranded form of dsRNA‐10, which potentially has a high level of base‐pairing, was shown to fractionate with the dsRNA.
Differentiation of Pseudomonas avellanae Strains from Greece and Italy by rep‐PCR Genomic Fingerprinting
Authors: Scortichini M. , Dettori M. T. , Marchesi U. , Palombi M. A. , Rossi M. P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn order to point out possible genetic differences, 37 Pseudomonas avellanae strains isolated from northern Greece, northern Italy and two different areas of central Italy, were assessed by means of Repetitive PCR (rep‐PCR) by using Enterobacteriaceae Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) primers. After PCR amplifications, the DNA fingerprints revealed three major groups. The strains from northern Greece and those from the two areas of central Italy were similar showing, in common, three major DNA products ranging from approximately 250 to 1100 base pairs. However, strains from northern Greece can be differentiated from strains of central Italy by the presence of two peculiar PCR products of 800 and 350 base pairs. The strains from northern Italy showed very different PCR profiles. When a dendrogram based on cluster analyses was built up, such strains were very different from the strains from the other areas. Isolations carried out at different times did not affect PCR products.
Growth Response of Agrostis palustris to Adventitious Root Infection by Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum
Authors: Hodges C. F. , Campbell D. A. 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Acremonium rutilum and Acremonium alternatum are reported as pathogens of the adventitious roots of Agrostis palustris. Both organisms have been isolated from root and leaf tissue of diseased A. palustris on high‐sand‐content golf greens. The presence of the organisms on adventitious roots is usually associated with other potential root pathogens. Three isolates of A. rutilum and one isolate of A. alternatum were evaluated for their ability to infect adventitious roots of A. palustris under high and low temperature regimes and to affect plant growth and symptom expression. Both species of Acremonium infected roots and decreased shoot and root dry weight. The decreases in dry weight were more pronounced under low temperatures than under high temperatures. With the exception of isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum under the high temperature regime, the decrease in shoot dry weight was disproportionately greater than that of root weight in response to both A. rutilum and A. alternatum. The number of stolons per plant decreased in response to both species of Acremonium under the high and low temperature regimes except for isolate AR‐1 of A. rutilum which increased stolon numbers under the high temperature regime. Foliar symptoms associated with the organisms in the field were not expressed by the root‐inoculated plants. The observations of the study are discussed relative to A. rutilum and A. alternatum as potential emerging pathogens and/or participants in a root disease complex, and relative to the role of high‐sand‐content golf green management practices in the process.
Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria from Bell Pepper and Tomato in Barbados Undergoes Changes in Race Structure, Virulence and Sensitivity to Chemical Control Agents
Authors: Gore J. P. , O'Garro L. W. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractChanges in prevalence, aggressiveness and sensitivity to copper and zinc bactericides of Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria races from bell pepper and tomato in Barbados since 1989‐90 were determined. A total of 16 races were identified and 11 of them, including races P0, P0T1, P0T2, P1T1, P1T2, P2T2, P3T2, P4T1, P4T2, P5T2 and P6T2, were previously unreported on bell pepper and tomato in Barbados. Of the 11 races, P2T2, P4T1, P5T2 and P6T2 were detected on pepper only and T2 only was confined to tomato. Races P1T1 and P6T2, each amounting to 16% of strains from pepper, replaced race P1, which contributed 4%, as the most prevalent strains on this plant genotype. On tomato, races P1T1 and P1T2, in amounts of 36.1 and 21.0%, respectively, of the pathogen collection, replaced race T1, which represented 15.8%, as the predominant strains. Shifts from frequent association of race P1 to races P1T2 and P6T2 and from race T1 to races P1T1 and P1T2 with the greatest amounts of pepper and tomato crop damage, respectively, also occurred. The previously zinc‐sensitive and copper‐resistant pathogen population became resistant to zinc and reverted by 40% to copper sensitivity.
Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum on Different Vitis Rootstocks
Authors: Omer A. D. , Granett J. , Wakeman R. J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe susceptibility of eight Vitis rootstocks to an isolate of Fusarium oxysporum, originally obtained from vineyard‐rotted grape roots, was tested with excised roots in the laboratory and with roots attached to living vines in the field. Excised root assays indicated that the Vitis vinifera rootstock Carignane was most susceptible followed by the V. vinifera‐hybrid rootstock AXR#1, and the non‐V. vinifera rootstocks 110R and St. George, which were the least susceptible of those infected. Inoculations with this isolate of F. oxysporum failed to cause rot on excised roots of the non‐V. vinifera rootstocks 3309C, 420 A, 5C, and Freedom. Only rootstocks Carignane and AXR#1 became infected when non‐excised roots were inoculated. Rootstocks that are most susceptible to grape phylloxera appeared to be highly susceptible to this isolate of F. oxysporum. Additional assays on the infectivity, growth, and sporulation of this isolate at different temperatures indicated that fungal activity increased with temperature within the range of 18‐26°C.
Endophytic presence of Discula quercina on Declining Quercus cerris
Authors: Ragazzi A. , Moricca S. , Capretti P. , Dellavalle I. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe presence of Discula quercina on dormant buds and twigs of declining Quercus cerris was studied on two test sites. A number of fungi, including some endophytic ones, were isolated in association with D. quercina as part of the total oak mycoflora: Acremonium spp., Diplodia mutila, Phomopsis quercina, Hypoxylon mediterraneum, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma cava and Trichoderma viride plus some less frequent species. The distribution of these fungi did not appear to be related to the altitude of the test sites studied: sea level and 600 m a.s.l., nor to the differing composition of the site vegetation. Discula quercina was isolated both from the twigs (18.02% from woody tissue; 5.82% bark tissue) and from the buds (11.62% embryo; 14.55% bud scales). The results indicate that D. quercina is able to live in symbiosis with its host. Although the colonization of the aerial parts of Q. cerris is possible through infection with wind‐borne inoculum, leaf infection can also occur through overwintering mycelium migrating to the leaves mainly from the buds, but also to a lesser extent from the twigs.
Phylogenetic Analyses of DNA Sequence and RAPD Data Compared in Fusarium oxysporum and Related Species from Maize
Authors: O'Donnell K. , Gherbawy Y. , Schweigkofler W. , Adler A. , Prillinger H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPhylogenetic relationships of several strains within the Fusarium oxysporum species complex and two related species from maize were used to test whether phylogenies inferred from nuclear‐encoded translation elongation factor EF‐1α and mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU) ribosomal RNA gene sequences are concordant with one derived from random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) characters. Results of a partition‐homogeneity test (PHT) indicated that the EF‐1α and the mtSSU rDNA data‐sets are highly homogeneous (P ≥ 0.99) and could be analysed as a combined data‐set. On the basis of the results of the PHT, the three RAPD partitions were also analysed as a combined data‐set. However, the PHT revealed conflict between the nucleotide and RAPD data (P = 0.001). In addition, results of a t‐test showed that the consistency, retention and rescaled consistency indices obtained with the nucleotide sequence data were significantly higher than those obtained with the RAPD data. The t‐tests of the RAPD data also showed that these indices were significantly higher when using the 15‐mer M13 RAPD primer compared with the two 10‐mer primers. Although homoplasy was much greater for the RAPD data than for the DNA sequence data topologically similar trees were inferred from both data‐sets. However the RAPD data appears to be flawed because it failed to resolve the two major clades of the F. oxysporum complex and trees constructed from the RAPD decamer primers completely failed to resolve the F. oxysporum complex. An unnamed phylogenetically distinct species (Fusarium sp.) intermediate between the F. oxysporum complex and Fusarium redolens was identified in trees inferred from the DNA sequence and RAPD data.
Cinétique ?accumulation et Fongitoxicité des Phytoalexines du Palmier Dattier vis‐à‐vis de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis
Authors: Modafar C. El , Tantaoui A. , Boustani E. El 
Published: May 2008

RésuméĽinoculation des racines de jeunes plants ?une variété résistante (BSTN) et une variété sensible (JHL) de palmier dattier par une suspension conidienne de Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. albedinis, agent causal du bayoud, s'accompagne par ľinduction de ľaccumulation des phytoalexines, la propyl‐7‐aesculétine et ľhydroxy‐5‐propyl‐7‐aesculétine. La cinétique ?accumulation de ces molécules distingue clairement les deux variétés étudiées. Ainsi, deux phases peuvent être distinguées. Au cours de la première phase de ľinfection (5 à 30 jours), ľaccumulation des phytoalexines est rapide et nettement plus importante chez la variété résistante avec un maximum ?accumulation vers le 15ème jour suivant (2,32 μ mol/g MF). Dans la deuxième phase (30 à 60 jours), la situation s'inverse et la variété sensible accumule des teneurs plus élevées atteignant un maximum (2,96 μ mol/g MF) vers le 40ème jour et qui coincide par ailleurs avec la généralisation de la nécrose racinaire et le flétrissement foliaire. Des biotests réalisés in vitro avec des concentrations équivalentes à celles accumulées in vivo 15 jours après inoculation montrent que celles de la variété résistante (2,36 μ mol/ml) réduisent fortement (de 71 à 86%) la germination des conidies, la croissance des tubes germinatifs, la conidiogénèse et la croissance mycélienne de F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis. Cependant, les doses accumulées chez la variété sensible (0,55 μ mol/ml), ne manifestent qu'un effet inhibiteur faible de 16 à 27%. Ľensemble de ces résultats met clairement en évidence des réponses différentielles chez la variété résistante BSTN et la variété sensible JHL. Ľimplication des phytoalexines dans la résistance du palmier dattier à la fusariose semble alors être liée à la rapidité et àľintensité de leur accumulation à des doses fongitoxiques dans les premiers stades de ľinfection. Les phytoalexines pourraient ainsi être utilisées comme marqueurs biochimiques de la résistance du palmier dattier au F. oxysporum f. sp. albedinis.
Pretreatment tumor diameter/volume and pelvic lymph node status assessed by magnetic resonance imaging for uterine cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Hun‐Jung , Kim Woo‐Chul 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim:  The aim is to evaluate the prognostic value of tumor diameter, volume and pelvic lymph node status assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with uterine cervical carcinoma patients treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy.Methods:  Ninety‐eight patients diagnosed with stage IB to IIIB cervical carcinoma were entered into the study. Tumor diameter was evaluated in T2‐weighted image. The tumor volume was calculated by the equation (volume = width × length × height × π/6) as an ellipsoid approximation. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the prognostic factors for overall survival (OS), disease‐free survival (DFS), pelvic control (PC) and distant metastasis‐free survival (DMFS).Results:  The 5‐year OS, DFS, PC and DMFS rate were 59.8%, 57.3%, 67.9% and 78.8%, respectively. Using univariate analyses, large MRI tumor diameter (≥4 cm), large tumor volume (≥30 mL), pelvic enlarged pelvic lymph nodes, large clinical diameter (≥4 cm) and International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FigO) stage showed a statistically significantly unfavorable influence on OS and DFS. In multivariate analyses, large tumor volume affected OS, DFS, PC and DMFS, and enlarged pelvic lymph nodes also affected OS.Conclusion:  Tumor volume and enlarged pelvic lymph nodes determined by pretreatment MRI examinations were significant prognostic factors for patients with invasive cervical carcinoma treated with concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
Management and outcomes of adnexal masses during pregnancy: A 6‐year experience
Authors: Balci Osman , Gezginc Kazim , Karatayli Rengin , Acar Ali , Celik Cetin , Colakoglu Mehmet C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim:  To demonstrate adnexal masses detected during gestations in a 6‐year period.Methods:  A retrospective study of pregnancy with adnexal masses requiring surgery over a 6‐year period at the Selcuk University Hospital, a tertiary referral center, between June 2000 and June 2006.Results:  We detected 36 pregnancies with adnexal masses. The mean age of the patients was 26.6 years (range, 18–42). The mean gestational age at which adnexal masses were detected was 17 weeks (range, 5–36), and the mean gestational age at the time of surgery was 24 weeks (range, 6–41). Postoperative pathology results of the patients were functional ovarian cysts in 14 cases (41.1%), endometrioma in eight cases (23.5%), dermoid cyst in six cases (17.6%), serous cystadenoma in two cases (5.8%), mucinous cystadenoma in one case (2.9%), para‐ovarian cyst in one case (2.9%), and borderline serous tumor in two cases (5.8%). Two patients operated on during the second trimester developed preterm birth risk (5.8%). Miscarriage occurred in only one patient (2.9%).Conclusion:  In this report, we demonstrate a high rate of surgical intervention of adnexal masses at pregnancy which is secondary to the fact that our center works as a tertiary referral center. Most masses at pregnancies were benign in character and our malignity rate was low. We detected an acceptable complication rate due to surgery in pregnant women.
Comments on the Lateral Line System of Some Brachythoracid and Ptyctodontid Arthrodires
Authors: Ørvlg Tor 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBased on a compatative study of the system of lateral line grooven on the paranmchal plate of Arctonema sp. from the Devonian of Spitsbergen and some of the holonematids and cocontents, the conclusion is reached that in these forms, one may have a pontiot “pit‐line” complex coresponding to that developing onlogenelically in Pretoptenus among the dipnoans. Observations on the lateral line system of various ptyctodontids include the following. In Chehophonus the lateral lines of the anterior part of the hend presumably possessed regularly spaced dilatation, resembling those of the corresponding lines in some recent holocephallane In cremurella, where also some new lateral line system components are put on record, the infraorbital canal was in front of the “marginal” plate enclosed in a bony tube, arisen by the fusion of ring‐like elements. In cremurella there is even reason to believe that ontogenetically, the component of the dermal bones formed as series of bony ring‐like elements, similar to they accompansing the lateral lines in fossil and recent holocephalians. In some forms as Chehophonus and Rhynchodus, a distinelly developed profundus lateral line has been identified. The holotype of “Lpipetalu” Gross is refigured and referred to n new ptyctodontid genus, Demoporella gen.n.
Dugesia sudanica sp.n. from Africa (Turbellaria, Tricladida, Paludicola)
Authors: Dahm Anders G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA small sample of freshwater triclads from streams and pools of the Gebel Marra volcanic massif in the Western Sudan was examined by the author. All specimens showed the general features characteristic of triclads within the “arrow‐headed”Dugesia group. The specimens serially examined show a number of less conspicuous features not agreeing with those described in other Dugesia forms reported from African localities. A description has been given and as a new species name Dugesia sudanica has been proposed. The new species would, according to the author, represent a further “microspecies” within the “superspecies”Dugesia gonocephala.
On the Procercoid Protonephridial Systems of Three Diphyllobothrium Species (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea) and Janicki's Cercomer Theory
Authors: Malmberg Goran 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBecause the types of hooks are so similar in the oncosphacra/procercoid ef cestodes and in several groups of monogenclic trcmatodes and because the exterior of a procercoid with the hooks in a cercomer is so suggestive of a monogenetic nematode, the development of the procercoids of three Diphyllobothrium species was studied. The intention was to determine whether or not the procercoid protonephridial system would have a developmental stage when its type is similar to, or identical with that type which characterizes the monogeneans. Such a conformity would greatly support the theory of a common origin of monogeneans and ceslodes. However, it has emerged that no similar developmental stage exists. The ontogeny revealed a thorough metamorphosis from a very simple primary protonephridial system (identical with that of the miracidium larva in digeneans) to a secondary system, which develops into the system of the adult tapeworm. This fact may be interpreted as an argument against the supposed inter‐relalionships between monogeneans and cestodes. However, the type of hooks and the procercoid cercomer still indicate common ancestors. An analysis of the miracidium, the oncosphaera and the oncomiracidium (the monogenean larva) with reference to their different developmental stages when hatching, gave rise to my interpretation of the fundamental structure of both the miracidium and the oncosphaera as primitively simple and not reduced, Especially the identical type of protonephridial system indicates. in my view, that digeneans and ceslodes originally had a common larva type. If the ceslodes and the monogeneans have common ancestors, then the procercoid may be interpreted as the ontogenetic recapitulation of a common hook‐armed ancestor, here named hexucanthoid. This rhabdocoelan creature with six hooks in the cercomer and adapted to an ectocommensalic/ectoparasitic mode of life, is thought to have given rise to the monogeneans, the gyrocotylideans, the amphilinideans and the cestodes. The monogeneans were found to have two fundamentally different types of marginal hooks, and on this basis ihe existence of two different lines of evolution in Monogenea is indicated.