bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Asthma and wheezy bronchitis in children
Authors: DAVIS J. B. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwice as many boys as girls are prone to wheeze (15·3% compared with 7%). This study examines the possible immunological basis for this phenomenon. There were 1064 children in this survey. The family of each wheezy child was indexed, and a control sample of families was selected. At least 85% of the study population were skin tested for Type 1 allergic reactions. An interval survey of values for FEV1, FVC and PEFR against height was completed.Of 118 wheezy subjects there were 83/542 boys and 35/522 girls. Single and multiple sensitivity, the capacity to react to two or more major allergens, is examined. Of the child asthmatics, significant differences from controls emerge for pollens, foods and the house dust mite. These differences are borne out with multiple sensitivity. (P > 0·001.) Of the brothers and sisters of asthmatics, only the sisters show differences from controls. This is true for grass pollen, cow's milk and the house dust mite, and also to a highly significant degree for multiple sensitivity (P > 0·001). When the incidence of multiple sensitivity is expressed for all children in the asthma group, that is, cases and their siblings, the sex difference is not demonstrable. The mothers (P > 0·05) and fathers (P > 0·01), of asthmatics also differ from control parents in respect of skin sensitivity.If multiple sensitivity is equated with atopy, it may not be the main determinant of the capacity to wheeze, and thus of the sex difference.The mean curve for interval PEFR for asthmatic children was significantly lower than that of control children and of the brothers and sisters of asthmatics.
The effect of sodium cromoglycate on the antigen‐induced nasal reaction in allergic rhinitis as measured by rhinomanometry and symptomatology
Authors: HASEGAWA MAKOTO , SAITO YOZO , WATANABE KENSUKE 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe protective effect of sodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on the allergic reaction in the nose was compared with placebo in a double blind crossover study of sixteen patients diagnosed as allergic rhinitis.The drug effect was assessed by both a rhinomanometric method and by symptom scores in all patients. DSCG protected the nasal mucosa against antigen challenge and was significantly better than placebo. There was a correlation between the objective and subjective assessments.
Intranasal steroid aerosol in perennial rhinitis: comparison with an antihistamine compound
Authors: HARDING S. M. , HEATH S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIntranasal betamethasone valerate aerosol, given for 28 days, was compared with an oral antihistamine compound in a double‐blind, double‐dummy, cross‐over trial involving thirty patients with perennial rhinitis. The steroid aerosol was more effective in reducing symptoms and was preferred by the patients (P < 0·01). Nasal blockage index, calculated from oral and nasal peak expiratory flow measurements, did not provide useful or additional information. There were no side effects from the steroid and Candida albicans was not cultured from nasal swabs. It is concluded that beta‐methasone valerate aerosol is a suitable short‐term alternative for patients whose perennial rhinitis fails to respond to conventional therapy.
The effect of a new anti‐allergic drug ICI 74, 9I7, given by aerosol, on nasal stenosis induced by allergen
Authors: VILSVIK JAN SVERRE , JENSSEN ARNE OLAV 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNasal airways resistance was measured in ten patients with allergic rhinitis during intranasal application of an extract of grass pollen. Pretreatment with placebo did not inhibit the increase in nasal airways resistance, whereas ICI 74,917 administered from a pressurized aerosol gave almost complete protection. ICI 74,917 was well tolerated and no evidence was obtained of local hyposensitization during the period of the study.
Bronchial histamine reactivity: its relationship to the reactivity of the bronchi to allergens
Authors: BRYANT D. H. , BURNS M. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the proposal that the magnitude of the response of the bronchi to an immediate allergic reaction depends not only on the degree of sensitization of the bronchi by allergen specific IgE antibody but also on the reactivity of the bronchi to the vasoactive mediators which are released during immediate allergic reactions. This was done by determining the bronchial reactivity to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to histamine of both symptomatic and asymptomatic groups of atopic subjects who had comparable serum levels of D. pteronyssinus specific IgE. Positive bronchial responses to the D. pteronyssinus extract were recorded with both the symptomatic and asymptomatic subjects, the mean bronchial threshold dose of allergen being significantly higher in the asymptomatic than in the asthmatic patients. There was a highly significant correlation between the serum level of allergen specific IgE and the bronchial threshold dose of allergen extract and also between the bronchial threshold dose of allergen extract and of histamine in all groups of subjects. The ability to predict bronchial reactivity to the allergen from the serum level of allergen specific IgE within each group was significantly better if the bronchial reactivity to histamine was included in the correlation analysis. This supports the hypothesis that whether a particular subject who is producing specific IgE antibody will develop symptoms on the inhalation of that allergen depends not only on the amount of allergen which he inhales and on the degree of sensitization of his bronchi but also on the reactivity of his bronchi to the vasoactive mediators which are released by allergen–IgE interaction.
Studies on vasculitis
Authors: PARISH W. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryHuman cutaneous vasculitis lesions tend to be chronic in contrast to ephemeral experimental Arthus responses. Human lesions were examined for fixed antiglobulin antibodies, as occur in rheumatoid joint synovia, which could bind globulins to form tissue‐damaging complexes and perpetuate the inflammation.The immunofluorescence procedure was modified by pretreating sections with 5% bovine serum albumin, and by using fluorescein conjugates of F(ab)2 portions of antibodies to avoid the antigen‐nonspecific binding that sometimes occurs in inflamed or necrotic tissue.Previous findings of immunoglobulins in lesions were confirmed by the more discriminating technique. IgG and IgM was present more frequently in lesions with mainly mononuclear cell changes, than in those with mainly neutrophil changes, leucocytoclastic or necrotizing vasculitis. Fab occurred in some lesions without Fc of IgG or IgM.Three lesions containing IgM or IgM and IgG, specifically bound heat‐aggregated whole IgG or Fc of IgG. None bound IgM.The results indicate that the immunoglobulin in some cutaneous vasculitis lesions is locally formed or fixed antiglobulin, which will bind aggregated IgG possibly forming complexes perpetuating the lesion.
A trial of hyposensitization in 1974/5 in the treatment of hay fever using glutaraldehyde–pollen–tyrosine adsorbate
Authors: MILLER A. C. M. L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryOne hundred patients with hay fever were treated in 1974/5 with a glutaraldehyde‐pollen–tyrosine adsorbate, the response to treatment being assessed at the end of the hay fever season by direct questioning of the patient and examination of a daily record card. Successful results of treatment were recorded in 73% of all patients, results for both years being similar both for patients who had been previously hyposensitized and for those who had not previously received this form of treatment. Side reactions to treatment were generally infrequent or mild, and in only one patient was it necessary to discontinue treatment due to side reactions.
Radioallergosorbent test (RAST) studies with insolubilized polysaccharides
Authors: BALDO B. A. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPolysaccharide preparations from Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans when used with some human sera were found to fix complement and precipitate with specific antibodies present in the sera. Precipitins consisted predominantly of IgG with traces of IgM and IgA. Following insolubilization of the fungal polysaccharide preparations with the N‐carboxyanhydride of l‐leucine, reactivity with serum precipitins was retained and reaction with IgE antibodies was demonstrated using the radioallergosorbent test (RAST). Results showed that for A. fumigatus and C. albicans at least, polysaccharide‐specific IgE antibodies probably occur in sera from some hypersensitive individuals. We suggest that chemical methods of the type described which induce polymerization or cross‐linking will be useful for detecting IgE antibodies in the RAST. Such an approach could be used with a variety of polysaccharide preparations which cannot be coupled to polysaccharide solid supports by the usual methods.
Asthma due to inhaled chemical agents—epoxy resin systems containing phthalic acid anhydride, trimellitic acid anhydride and triethylene tetramine
Authors: FAWCETT I. W. , NEWMAN TAYLOR A. J. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySix workers with a diagnosis of occupational asthma and one with chronic bronchitis were examined for sensitivity to epoxy resin systems and certain of their components. In six cases the chemical agent responsible for their symptoms was identified by careful inhalation challenge testing, simulating their exposure at work and thus providing a precise aetiological diagnosis. In one worker asthma followed exposure to triethylene tetramine fume; four were sensitive to acid anhydrides, three to phthalic acid anhydride as a fume or powder and one to trimellitic anhydride. One worker thought to be sensitive to toluene di‐isocyanate gave negative reactions to this and positive reactions to a phthalic acid anhydride epoxy resin and another thought to have asthma from acid anhydride fumes was found to be sensitive only to toluene di‐isocyanate. Immediate, non‐immediate or combined asthmatic reactions were elicited.
Results of a controlled trial of the acaricide Paragerm on Dermatophagoides spp. in dwelling houses
Authors: PENAUD A. , NOURRIT J. , TIMON‐DAVID P. , CHARPIN J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe effect of Paragerm spray from either a hand pressurized can or from a general room mist device (MCR device) on mattress mite populations was compared with the effect of a control spray. After 1 month a reduction in mite population due to the cleaning procedures was evident in the control treated mattresses; Paragerm treated mattresses had significantly fewer mites, notably those treated with the aerosol can spray, nine out of fifteen of which were mite free. Dissection of the mattresses showed that some mites survive and they could form the nucleus from which reinfestation could occur.
Diagnostic tests in the skin and serum of workers sensitized to Bacillus subtilis enzymes*†‡
Authors: BELIN LARS G. A. , NORMAN PHILIP S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTwo allergen pools of commercial detergent enzymes were prepared as skin test reagents: (1) Carlsberg type, composed of three products containing subtilopeptidase A, and (2) BPN type, composed of two products containing subtilopeptidase B and α‐amylase.In 100 non‐exposed controls a reaction suggesting primary irritancy was found at protein concentrations greater than 1 μg/ml intradermally or 1 mg/ml by prick test. Intradermally at 10 μg/ml weals were accompanied by less pronounced flare reactions than observed in specifically sensitized enzyme workers. At 100 μg/ml the reactions were like strong specific reactions. False positive prick test reactions occurred irregularly at 10 mg/ml. In 100 sensitized enzyme workers, reactions were elicited at concentrations from 1.0 to 10‐5μg/ml intradermally and from 1000 to 1 μg by prick test. Intradermal and prick tests correlated well (rs= 0.84, P<0.001). Ratings of symptom severity upon exposure obtained from questionnaires were significantly correlated with skin test reactivity (P<0.01). RAST performed on sera collected simultaneously also correlated significantly with symptom scores. PCA tests in monkeys were less sensitive.Standardized test reagents allow diagnostic skin testing by either intradermal or prick test in B. subtilis enzyme sensitive patients. A clear distinction between primary irritant reactions and true sensitization was made on the basis of the concentration required to elicit a reaction.
Inactivation of haemolytic complement by house dust allergen in the serum of children with atopic diseases
Authors: WEEMAES C. M. R. , STOOP J. W. , BERRENS L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPurified house dust allergen has been employed for screening the susceptibility to inactivation of haemolytic complement in the blood serum of atopic children and control subjects. Fluid phase complement in the control group of children was more sensitive to allergen‐induced inactivation than observed in a normal adult population. Though the mean complement sensitivity indices in all groups of patients were below the value for the control group, there was considerable statistical overlap. The serum complement sensitivities were in no way related to the clinical manifestations. The results of the complement test were not correlated to the total IgE levels, the RAST scores nor the skin reactions with house dust allergen.Some evidence for the in vivo involvement of the complement system in childhood atopic allergy was provided: the mean C3 proactivator level was significantly lower in atopic children, than in the control group; the mean C4 level in children with bronchial asthma and in children with atopic dermatitis was significantly depressed.A significant positive correlation between the serum C4 levels and allergen–complement sensitivities in children with both bronchial asthma and atopic dermatitis was observed.
A study of the effects of systemic administration of adrenal glucocorticoids in an experimental model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Authors: DILL J. , LANDRIGAN P. , GHOSE T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryTo study the effects of steroids on the pulmonary lesions in experimental hypersensitivity pneumonitis, rabbits were sensitized to ovalbumin (OA) by injections of OA into footpads and 3 weeks later they were subjected to two successive aerosol challenges with OA at an interval of 48 hr. Injections of hydrocortisone sodium succinate 10 mg twice daily (but not at the reduced dosage of 5 mg twice daily) or methylprednisolone acetate 5 mg twice daily beginning 30 min before the first challenge and continued to the time of killing reduced the extent and intensity of vasculitis in both the treated groups and showed less alveolar septal thickening in the hydrocortisone treated group and less alveolar consolidation in the methylprednisolone treated group compared to the pulmonary lesions in the rabbits which were sensitized and then subjected to OA aerosol challenges, but received no treatment.In view of the observation that even in a steroid sensitive species like the rabbit, extensive pulmonary changes like alveolar consolidation, septal thickening and vasculitis persisted in spite of treatment with relatively large doses of these steroids, it was felt that in human hypersensitivity pneumonitis steroids might only suppress the warning symptoms without substantially affecting the progress of the pulmonary lesions.
House dust mites in Iran
Authors: AMOLI K. , CUNNINGTON A. M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn the Caspian Sea region of Iran asthma seems closely related to house dust allergy. Since a high proportion of house dust sensitive patients appear to be sensitive to house dust mites, an investigation was carried out to determine the occurrence, distribution and abundance of these species in Iranian house dust in order to assess their role and clinical importance in house dust allergy in Iran. Thirty‐five samples of house dust collected from houses in the Caspian Sea region and five samples from other areas were examined for mites. The three pyroglyphid species Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and Euroglyphus maynei, reported by European and Japanese workers to be common in house dust and to be a major source of house dust allergens, were found to occur in Iranian house dust and to account for nearly two‐thirds of the total mite population present in the dust. Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus was the most frequent and most numerous species recorded, occurring in 90% of the samples examined and forming 94% of the pyroglyphid and 60% of the total mite population. The frequency with which house dust mites were found in the Iranian Caspian Sea region coupled with the relatively high frequency of allergic bronchial asthma in this area suggests that they may well be an important precipitating factor in asthma in Iran.
Antigens in pigeon breeder's disease
Authors: TEBO THOMAS H. , MOORE VERNON L. , FINK JORDAN N. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySera from patients with pigeon breeder's disease were analysed for precipitating antibodies by immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis using whole pigeon dropping extract (PDE) and a purified fraction of PDE (PDE1) as antigens. For comparison, sera from asymptomatic pigeon breeders and normal individuals were also tested for precipitating antibodies. Whereas whole PDE formed precipitin lines with normal serum as well as with serum from symptomatic and asymptomatic pigeon breeders. PDE, formed precipitin lines only with serum from individuals exposed to pigeons. This suggests that whole PDE forms non‐specific (non‐antigen‐antibody reactions) as well as specific precipitin lines, while PDE1 appears to form only specific lines. These data indicate that whole PDE has limited usefulness in studies of pigeon breeder's disease. It is also possible that PDE1 will be useful in studies of this disease.
The uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus protein by serum IgG antibody from patients with pulmonary aspergillosis
Authors: JACOBY B. , LONGBOTTOM JOAN L. , PEPYS J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA method is presented for measuring the uptake of Aspergillus fumigatus protein by IgG antibodies from human serum. The human IgG is first isolated with an anti‐IgG conjugated immunosorbent and then incubated with radio‐iodinated A. fumigatus protein. A group of twenty‐three control sera gave the same background levels as tests without sera. The highest uptake of A. fumigatus protein was given by the sera of patients with aspergilloma, and lower values were obtained with six out of thirteen sera from patients with asthma and twenty‐five out of twenty‐eight sera from patients with asthma and pulmonary eosinophilia, i.e. allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. These results were in agreement with precipitin tests. Inhibition studies with unrelated antigens showed that the reactions were specific for the A. fumigatus protein, of which more was bound by test sera than with a crude extract.
Diagnostic and therapeutic problems associated with hereditary deficiency of the C1 esterase inhibitor
Authors: MOLINA C. , BRUN J. , COULET M. , BETAIL G. , WAHL D. , HARTMANN L. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySix patients in a family with a history of hereditary angioedema reported swelling of the extremities and recurrent abdominal pain occurring spontaneously or after trauma. Attacks of oedema involving the airways, the greatest danger with this disorder, were present only in one case.This autosomal dominant disease is due to deficient activity of the inhibitor of the first component of complement. Low levels of C4, and absence of C1 esterase inhibitor confirm the diagnosis. Two asymptomatic cases with the appropriate biochemical abnormality are reported in this study. For short term prophylaxis of attacks (before surgery especially), fresh frozen plasma is used, or better still, C1 esterase inhibitor. For long term prophylaxis of attacks antifibrinolytic and hormonal drugs are used: in two cases, the authors obtained good results with methyltestosterone after failure of tranexamic acid.
Immunopathology of the bronchial mucosa in ‘late onset’ asthma
Authors: MOLINA C. , BRUN J. , COULET M. , BETAIL G. , DELAGE J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA clinical, pathological and immunological study was made of fifty cases of asthma developing in adult life—twenty‐seven females and twenty‐three males. The mean age of appearance of asthma was 51 years. In spite of the paroxysmal onset observed in thirty‐nine cases, the course was always severe, leading to dependence upon corticosteroid treatment in thirty‐six cases. Two‐thirds of the subjects had either a personal or familial atopic history, one‐third had positive skin tests to routine respiratory allergens, and one‐third had a peripheral blood eosinophilia higher than 400 mm3. Total serum IgE was not raised in any case and attempts at hyposensitization were not effective. The titre of serum complement was normal and investigation for autoantibodies was negative in thirty‐one subjects. Study of the HLA system in twenty‐eight cases showed a significantly raised frequency of antigen HLA9. The bronchial biopsies were examined histologically in thirty‐one cases and by fluorescence examination in fifteen. The histological appearance was sterotyped and non‐specific. There was some modification of the lining consisting of thickening and irregularity of the basal membrane with evidence of hyperfunction of adjacent mesenchymal tissues. The basal membrane showed thickening, estimated in two cases by electron microscopy to be of 20–30 μm. This was due largely to collagen, which concealed the true basal membrane, the ultrastructure of which was well preserved.Immunofluorescence tests made it possible to show the presence of IgA, IgG and IgM constantly associated with the C3 component of complement. This was localized mainly in the superficial part of the thickened basal membrane and in the cytoplasm of the epithelioid cells. Fibrin showed a different appearance, with irregular fluorescence situated essentially along the base of the superficial epithelial membrane. These immunofluorescence findings are compatible with transudation and also of a local immunological reaction.
Comparison of a glutaraldehyde‐modified pollen–tyrosine adsorbate with an alum‐precipitated pollen vaccine in the treatment of hay fever
Authors: SYMINGTON I. S. , O'NEILL D. , KERR J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNineteen patients with hay fever symptoms received nine weekly injections of a pyridine‐extracted alum‐precipitated grass pollen vaccine (Alavac P). The results were compared with a group of twenty patients who received a three injection series of a glutaraldehyde‐modified pollen–tyrosine vaccine (Pollinex). In both groups 65% had a subjective improvement in their symptoms and no significant difference in symptom scores was obtained throughout the pollen season. In the Pollinex group a lower incidence of systemic side effects was recorded.