bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Credibility of morphologic and psychologic theories of TMJ pain‐dysfunction aetiology
Authors: KIRVESKARI PENTTI 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn evaluation of the morphologic and psychologic theories of the aetiology of TMJ pain‐dysfunction can be revealing if made without resorting too much to scientific experimental results, because the interpretation of results as well as the questions asked are largely dependent on a prior commitment to one of the theories.Accepting that the TMJ pain‐dysfunction became a common disease after the industrial revolution gives reason to look for a causative factor connected with it. Both an increase of psychologic stress and a change of dental morphology and function appear as possible factors, but only the latter has factual evidence. The lack of functional wear disturbs the unconscious swallow reflex but apparently not mastication. This suggests that retrusive interferences are a necessary but not always sufficient condition for the initiation of the TMJ pain‐dysfunction. Psychologic factors are contributory, they can cause tooth clenching and perhaps grinding, but there seems to be no reason other than interferences from occlusion for that taking place eccentrically. Thus psychogenic tooth clenching and grinding do not seem to be pathogenic without the morphologic factor.
A study of the contour and external surface of Class V composite resin fillings
Authors: RAJSTEIN J. , TAL MICHAEL 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTwenty‐five Class V Composite‐resin, Adaptic® fillings were prepared on extracted human teeth under five different matrices. White stones and flame diamonds were used as polishing devices. The smoothest surface was obtained with celluloid strip and the most acceptable contour obtained with preformed matrix.
The effect of denervation on trauma from occlusion
Authors: JOHANSEN JAN R. , KARLSEN KJELL 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTrauma from occlusion was induced by inserting cantilever bridges bilaterally in the mandibles of two monkeys. In one monkey the mandibular nerve was cut on one side; in the other on both sides. By this procedure possible protective action of nerve receptors in the periodontal membrane was reduced. The occlusal trauma resulted in severe damage to the pulp and resorption of the roots, but no appreciable downgrowth of the crevicular epithelium.
Cusps or no cusps—that is not the question
Authors: KIRVESKARI PENTTI 
Published: June 2007

SummaryCurrent views of the significance of cusps to oral health range from an emphasis on meticulous recusping of the restored teeth to a recommendation of gradual prophylactic elimination of natural cusps by grinding.Cusps, their morphology and mutual arrangement are associated with masticatory function. The adaptive value of efficient mastication has diminished along with advancing cultural evolution. Industrialization marks a turning point as seen from the almost total disappearance of functional tooth wear. Restoring cusps to achieve maximum structural efficiency thus lacks a rational basis. But the occlusal morphology is also associated with the swallow reflex: retrusive occlusal interferences tend to disturb it. These interferences can be avoided by establishing the freedom in centric or by restoring the occlusion to the retruded position.The prophylactic grinding of teeth also lacks a rational basis. The consequences of artificial wear are not likely to be the same as those of functional wear because the function has changed, the oral environment is different. It seems advisable, therefore, to try to eliminate only unquestionably harmful factors, and to leave the rest of the morphology as unchanged as possible.
Processing factors affecting the clarity of a rapid‐curing clear acrylic resin
Authors: KENG S.B. , CRUICKSHANKS‐BOYD D.W. , DAVIES E.H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe difficulty in repeatedly producing unblemished, clear acrylic resin in the dental laboratory has hindered its wider use, despite its many advantages over coloured material. Recently, rapid‐cure dental acrylics have been introduced, which are available in both clear and coloured forms. This investigation examined various factors which may influence the production of unblemished, rapid‐curing, clear acrylic resin. Utilizing a quantitative assessment of clarity, the most important factor influencing the clarity of the resin is shown to be the choice of separating medium. Tin‐foil produces extremely high clarity, but alginate mould separator causes surface blanching. However, this surface blanching can be removed by polishing. Porosity, caused by too rapid curing, and stone model dryness are of only secondary importance. Possible water contamination of the monomer liquid due to accidental exposure only affects clarity at very high levels of contamination.
Possible factors in the adhesion of fissure sealants to enamel
Authors: WILLIAMS B. , VON FRAUNHOFER J. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe type of aqueous solution used to wash the enamel surface immediately after etching with orthophosphoric acid affected the tensile bond strength obtained. Washing with a 1% potassium chloride solution was found to effect an improved bond strength, but no difference was observed when different types of water were employed for this purpose. A similar finding of no difference in bond strength was obtained when the possible influence of electrostatic forces was eliminated.
Qualitative changes in dental plaque formation related to removable partial dentures
Authors: EL GHAMRAWY ESSAM 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA study was performed on the microbial composition of dental plaque developing on fifteen abutment teeth in nine partially edentulous subjects. Bacteria were counted in samples of plaque which had formed on vestibular surfaces, and on proximal surfaces facing edentulous spaces, during a period when dentures were not worn, and then for a period when dentures were being worn. It was found that the presence of removable partial dentures favoured a proliferation of spiral organisms.
Book Reviews
Authors: Browne R. M. , Saunders M. , Franks A. S. T. , Carlsson G. E. , Edwards M. , Goodman P. E. , Foster T. D. 
Published: June 2007

Books reviewed in this article. Oral Disease By C. R. Renson. A Colour Atlas of Periodontology By J. D. Strahan and I. M. Waite. Journal of Clinical Engineering ED. BY Morton D. Schwartz. Das Fiefergelenk im Zahnarztlich—Prothetischen Fall By A. H. Geering. Speech Language and Hearing Normal Processes and Disorders By Paul H. Skinner and Ralph L. Shelton.Begg Orthodontic Theory and Technique By P. R. Begg and P. C. Kesling.Removable Orthodontic Appliances By T. M. Graber and B. Neumann.
Destruction of the soft palate and nose by tertiary ‘benign’ syphilis.
Authors: RAMSTAD TORE , TRAAHOLT LARS 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA case of untreated tertiary syphilis involving the soft palate and nose is described and the treatment is outlined.In view of the rising incidence of acquired syphilis the clinician should bear this disease in mind whenever atypical lesions are encountered.
Plaque recordings as a guide to the prognosis for partial denture treatment
Authors: GHAMRAWY ESSAM EL , Tryde Gerd 
Published: June 2007

SummarySeparate mean plaque scores of the proximal surfaces of abutment teeth, which faced denture saddles, were obtained from thirty‐three subjects with removable partial dentures, following a period of ordinary tooth‐brushing and at the end of a period following instruction in specialized tooth‐brushing. With ordinary tooth‐brushing, the subjects were distributed in the upper range of plaque scores which was considered dangerous to periodontal health. With specialized tooth‐brushing the subjects showed lower mean plaque scores, but over a wider distribution. Thus patients are variously at risk when treated with partial dentures.
Masticatory efficiency
Authors: EDLUND J. , LAMM C. J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA method for measuring masticatory efficiency is described as well as a mathematical formula expressing the masticatory efficiency as an index. A silicone compound was used as test material.The masticatory efficiency index was calculated as the mean of the best four out of five consecutive measurements of masticatory efficiency calculated from a specially designed formula.
Ionic transport through bis‐glycidyl methacrylate films
Authors: WILLIAMS B. , VON FRAUNHOFER J. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySpecific ion meter studies have shown that ionic transport through bis‐GMA fissure sealant films is selective and that dissolved fluoride ions disappear from the solution around tooth sections at a more rapid rate than do calcium and chloride ions. This would indicate that topical fluoridation of pits and fissures can still be effected after placement of a fissure sealant. A causative mechanism for this phenomenon has been postulated. Calcium exchange studies indicate that calcium is removed from the enamel and that the microsolubility of fissure sealed teeth in CaCl2 solution is increased by the preparative and sealing procedure used for the enamel.
Host response to two different designs of minor connector
Authors: RUNOV J. , KROONE H. , STOLTZE K. , MAEDA T. , El GHAMRAWY E. , BRILL N. , Tryde G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryTemperatures were recorded in thirty‐two gingival crevices adjacent to proximal surfaces of abutment teeth fitted with minor connectors of an open space design, and in thirty gingival crevices adjacent to proximal surfaces fitted with minor connectors of a closed design. During the 2 week experimental period, the twenty‐seven removable partial denture subjects who were involved in the study kept the accumulation of plaque to a minimum by applying specialized tooth‐brushing. Although an equal but small amount of plaque formed in both groups, the presumed minimal rise in temperature stimulated by this plaque did not prevent the two connector designs from showing disparate effects on the crevicular temperature. It was concluded that the open space design of minor connector is less conducive to irritation of the adjacent marginal gingiva than is the closed design.
The strength and fracture toughness of calcium hydroxide preparations
Authors: LLOYD C. H. , ANDERSON J. N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe strength of a brittle material depends upon the toughness of the material itself and the degree of perfection with which it can be placed. This study shows that both the compressive and tensile strength of calcium hydroxide lining materials is dependent on the fracture toughness at unstable crack propagation, Kic, and the size, number and distribution of pores (which are the defects that nucleate fracture). Of the products tested here, Dycal possesses the greatest actual strength due to a higher than average Kic value and relatively few isolated small pores. However, the greatest potential for strength exists in Reocap which has a Kic value a factor of 2.4 greater than its nearest rival (Dycal). Unfortunately its strength, as determined here, is less than Dycal due to the large number of pores in close proximity to each other.
Otological manifestations in temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Authors: KOSKINEN JOUKO , PAAVOLAINEN MIKKO , RAIVIO MATTI , ROSCHIER JOHN 
Published: June 2007

SummaryForty‐seven patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction were studied. A total of 100 subjective symptoms localized in the ear were encountered in thirty‐nine patients. The treatment of dysfunction eradicated or reduced 56% of these symptoms.A hearing defect was established audiometrically in eight cases and the probable cause was outside the masticatory apparatus in seven cases. There was conceivably a causal relationship in one case between the patient's cochlear hearing defect and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The neuro‐otological finding was pathological in nine cases, in three of which the causative agent was independent of the masticatory apparatus. The vestibular disturbance diagnosed in six cases may have originated from temporomandibular joint dysfunction, but this could not be confirmed.
Influences of temporomandibular articular mechanoreceptors on functional jaw movements
Authors: KLINEBERG IVEN 
Published: June 2007

SummaryContributions of temporomandibular (TM) articular mechanoreceptors to the control of jaw movement in man were investigated by tracking functional jaw movements. Functional envelopes were recorded by monitoring spatial changes of the lower incisor tooth, before and during unilateral and bilateral anaesthesia of the TM articular capsule. Regional anaesthesia provided reversible blockade of afferent impulse transmission from articular mechanoreceptors, thus reducing their contributory effects on jaw muscle motoneurone pools. Subsequent variations in the size and shape of the envelope of function occurred and were quantified by measuring the area changes. The results suggest that articular mechanoreceptors make a continuous contribution to reflex control of jaw movement.
Formulation and evaluation of a hydrophobic composite plastic
Authors: CRAIG R. G. , WANG T. K. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA hydrophobic co‐polymer, helptafluorobutylmethacrylate co‐para vinyl phenol, was compounded with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and silanated quartz to produce a hydrophobic composite. The experimental composite had satisfactory working properties and had mechanical properties comparable to commercial composite but a higher modulus of resilience. The wear resistance was equal to or greater than the commercial composite depending on whether a two‐body abrasion test or a track width versus normal load test was used for the evaluation. The thermal coefficient of expansion and water sorption values were somewhat higher than those of commercial composites.
The curing pattern of photo‐initiated dental composites
Authors: DE LANGE C. , BAUSCH J. R. , DAVIDSON C. L. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this study the curing of photo‐initiated composites was investigated. After irradiation, the material in an experimental cavity could be divided into three zones: zone A which showed physical properties comparable to those of chemical initiated composites, zone B which was markedly softer than the first one, and zone C which showed no signs of curing at all. The location of the zones was dependent on the energy of the u.v. radiation, the exposure time, the storage time, and the storage conditions. The uncured material of zone C showed no tendency to set. The clinical implications of the observations are discussed.
Proximal plaque accumulation with two minor connector designs
Authors: EL GHAMRAWY ESSAM , RUNOV J. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe relationship of plaque accumulation to two different designs of a proximal minor connector, was studied in twenty‐seven removable partial denture wearers. On thirty proximal surfaces adjacent to a closed space design, and on thirty‐two surfaces adjacent to an open space design, plaque formation was recorded using a plaque scoring system. Mean plaque scores were calculated separately for the two types of design, and no difference was found between the two sets of scores.
Roentgen cephalometric analysis of ridge resorption and changes in jaw and occlusal relationships in immediate complete denture wearers
Authors: TALLGREN A. , LANG B. R. , WALKER G. F. , ASH M. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn eighteen subjects assigned for immediate complete upper and lower dentures, roentgen cephalometric recordings were made before extraction of the residual anterior dentition and 3 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after denture insertion. The cephalometric analysis was based on electronic measurements of linear and angular morphological variables and computer head plots generated from 177 reference points (Walker, 1967), derived for each subject for each of the five observation stages.The reduction of the alveolar ridges was most rapid during the first 3 months of denture wear and particularly during the post‐extraction period of 3 weeks. The reduction in anterior height of the lower ridge was on average twice as great as that of the upper ridge. The ridge resorption and the accompanying settling of the dentures on the basal seats, measured from lead shots inserted in the dentures, brought about an upward rotation of the mandible with a resulting decrease in occlusal vertical dimension and reduction in overjet of the dentures. In accordance with the amount of ridge reduction, these changes showed great individual variation.
The rheological properties of polyelectrolyte cements
Authors: COMBE E. C. , WATTS D. C. , GREENER E. H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe rheological behaviour of six setting carboxylate cements was studied by capillary techniques in the shear rate of 0.65–65 s−1 and the cements were found to behave as power law fluids. All cements became dilatant as setting progressed and the kinetics of apparent viscosity increase, were found to follow an exponential function of time, exp (mt), with m ⋍ 0.5.
Jaw muscle silent periods by tooth tap and chin tap
Authors: McCALL W. D. , HOFFER M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryElectromyographic silent periods from jaw closing muscles were elicited during a clench by tapping on the chin and on selected teeth both in asymptomatic subjects and in subjects reporting symptoms of temporomandibular joint dysfunction.The mean duration in response to a chin tap was significantly shorter in the asymptomatic group than in the dysfunction group. No significant differences in mean duration elicited by tooth taps were found between groups. Other comparisons of mean durations such as among muscles, among teeth, or between chin taps and tooth taps failed to achieve statistical significance.
The interaction between lining materials and composite resin restorative materials
Authors: LINGARD G. L. , DAVIES E. H. , VON FRAUNHOFER J. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe effects of four lining materials, Dycal, Procal, Cavitec and Poly F cement on Adaptic and Concise have been investigated in vitro. The parameters studied were surface roughness, hardness and colour both with and without an intermediate (or bonding) resin being present between the restorative material and the liner.The effects of the four liners on the composites varied both between the lining materials themselves and with the composite resin. Two materials, Procal and Dycal, had little interaction with the composites, provided an intermediate resin was used with the latter. Cavitec appeared to have an adverse reaction with the composites and Poly F, whilst having no effect on the colour of the composites, did increase surface roughness. The adverse effects of lining materials were ascribed to minor constituents, particularly methyl salicylate, present in the formulation.
The effect of mercury on the fatigue life of a dental gold alloy
Authors: LLOYD C. H. , BAXTER G. R. V. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA type IV platinized gold casting alloy has been subjected to fatigue testing. Contamination of the surface of test pieces with mercury substantially reduced the fatigue life. This reduction was found to depend upon both the load applied and the microstructure of the alloy. The reason for such dependence is discussed.
Photographic assessment of colour changes in cold and heat‐cure resins
Authors: WOZNIAK W. T. , MULLER T. P. , SILVERMAN R. , MOSER J. B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA photographic method for assessing colour change was compared with an instrumental colorimetric procedure. Two denture base resins were stained in various solutions. Optical density changes of colour transparencies were measured with a transmission densitometer. Good agreement with the colorimetric technique was obtained after 15 days of staining over a range of F‐stops and bandpass filters.
Comparison of retruded axis articular mountings with and without applied muscular force
Authors: TEO C. S. , WISE M. D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe study reported compared the positions of the horizontal axis of rotation of the condyles when R.A.P. registrations were taken on seven subjects using: (1) An anterior jig with chinpoint guidance.(2) An anterior jig with chinpoint guidance and applied muscle force by the subject.(3) An anterior jig with bilateral manipulation (i.e. bilateral support of the body of the mandible by the operator).The results showed that the most superior positions were obtained with the technique using the anterior jig with chinpoint guidance and applied muscle force, which was also the most inconsistent technique. The technique using the anterior jig with chinpoint guidance was most consistent, and the mean difference between retruded axis position and intercuspal position using this technique was 0.31 mm on the right side and 0.34 mm on the left side.
A comparison of centric relation with maximum intercuspation based on quantitative electromyography
Authors: BUXBAUM J. D. , PARENTE F. J. , RAMSEY W. O. , STALING L. M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe study concerned the nature of the alterations, if any, in muscle activity demonstrable when the mandible shifts from maximum intercuspation into its most retruded physiological relation (i.e. centric relation).An integrator‐averager was used to determine μV average amplitude from masseter and temporal muscles in two maxillo‐mandibular positions, centric relation and maximum intercuspation, and three modes, first contact occlusion, chewing and swallowing. Vertical reference marks on the cuspids were used to quantitate horizontal deviation from maximum intercuspation to centric relation. Data were obtained from twelve subjects and analysed for variance.Results demonstrated a significant increase in μV in all centric relation positions. Statistics yielded an F value of 5.88258 with a probability of 0005. Results suggest critical limitations in reliance on centric relation as a reference position during clinical therapy.
The surface finish of the new microfill restorative materials
Authors: LUI J. L. , LOW T. 
Published: June 2007

SummarySurface smoothness is an important requirement for restorative materials. Recently, restorative materials claimed to be inherently smooth in surface characteristics have been developed. Matrix‐formed and finished surfaces of five new microfill restorative materials were compared with two composite resins, an acrylic resin and a silicate cement by means of scanning electron microscopy. The results of this investigation indicated that the matrix‐formed surfaces of all the restorative materials studied were not altogether perfect. Polishing using sandpaper and cuttlefish discs produced a very smooth surface finish in the new microfill restorative materials, Estic microfill, Estilux microfill, Isopast, Isolux and Silar which was comparable to that of the acrylic resin, Sevriton. The composite resins, Adaptic and Estilux exhibited the worst surface finish and the silicate cement, Bio‐trey was intermediate. Finishing, using other finer polishing devices on four of the materials produced a further improvement in the surface finish.
Observation and comparison of polished composite surfaces with the aid of SEM and profilometer.
Authors: LAMBRECHTS P. , VAN HERLE G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAfter cleaning with an abrasive toothpaste, fourteen polished composites were examined in vitro SEM and profilometrically. It was shown that the smooth surface composites kept a remarkable smoothness. The classic composites coarsened profilometrically eight times under these testing conditions, and the glass‐ionomers fourteen times. SEM pictures pointed out that the organic matrix was the weakest link for classic composites as well as for glass‐ionomer cements. The glass‐ionomers were the roughest group because of the large grain size, numerous cracks and porosities. The porosities hampered the roughness measurements in all materials and contributed to a large extent to the roughness of the products.