bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Association of pruritus with anxiety or aggression in dogs
Authors: Klinck Mary P. , Shofer Frances S. , Reisner Ilana R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Objective—To evaluate the association between pruritus and anxiety-related and aggressive behaviors in dogs.
Design—Cross-sectional survey.
Animals—238 dogs between 1 and 8 years old.
Procedures—Information including a score for general degree of pruritus (visual analogue scale from 0 to 10) and frequency of anxiety-related and aggressive behaviors was collected via a survey distributed to clients at 3 privately owned practices.
Results—Median score for pruritus was 2.4. Dogs were assigned to 2 groups on the basis of pruritus score (nonpruritic [0 to 2.4] and pruritic [2.5 to 10]). There was no significant difference between pruritic and nonpruritic dogs with regard to aggression or with regard to reactivity to being alone; to thunderstorms or noises; or to unfamiliar people, animals, or objects. Post hoc analysis revealed significantly more reactivity to thunderstorms or noises in dogs treated with glucocorticoids (18/37 [49%]) than in those not administered glucocorticoids (57/197 [29%]).
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—An association was not detected between pruritus and aggressive, anxious, or fearful behavior in dogs. There was greater reactivity to thunderstorms or noises in glucocorticoid-treated dogs. These findings do not preclude the possibility of a relationship between certain dermatoses or pruritic conditions and behavior. However, a concurrent behavioral abnormality cannot be assumed to result from a dermatosis and be expected to resolve with treatment of only the skin disease. Dogs with behavioral disorders and pruritic disease require primary treatment of both conditions. Additional studies to examine the effect of disease and glucocorticoids on canine behavior are warranted.
Osteolysis of the radius and ulna induced by a circumferential foreign body in a cat
Authors: Brisson Brigitte A. , Théoret Marie-Claude 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Case Description—A 1-year-old neutered male cat was examined because of a 6-month history of recurrent swelling and draining wounds affecting the craniomedial aspect of the distal portion of the left forelimb.
Clinical Findings—No lameness or neurologic deficits were evident. Examination of craniocaudal and lateromedial radiographic views revealed nonprogressive circumferential osteolysis and a mildly radiopaque, ring-shaped foreign body surrounding the radius and ulna.
Treatment and Outcome—During surgery, a tight elastic band surrounded by a thick fibrous tissue capsule was found encircling the limb. Microbial culture yielded a Staphylococcus sp that was susceptible to clindamycin. Follow-up monitoring via telephone communication with the owners 1.5 years after removal of the foreign body indicated that the cat had healed with no recurrence of drainage.
Clinical Relevance—Pressure osteolysis of the bones of the forelimb can be caused by a circumferential foreign body without associated neurologic abnormalities or lameness.
Excerpts from the Voices of Feminism Oral History Project
Authors: Beal Frances M. , Ross Loretta J. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
In this oral history, Frances M. Beal describes her unique childhood as the daughter of parents of refugee Jewish, African American, and Native American descent. The interview focuses on her activism in the United States and in France, including founding the Women's Committee of SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee). Beal's story captures the challenges of anti-racist, anti-fascist, and anti-imperialist organizing with a gender perspective.
Fire's Queer Anti-Communalism
Authors: Barron Alexandra Lynn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWhile many critics have pointed out how Fire's (1996) reception reveais much about the Hindutva agenda of fundamentalists and their use of women as symbols for the nation, no one has traced the critique of fundamentalism embedded in the film itself in the haunting figure of the Hindu-Muslim union that is visible, and, in fact, audible throughout. Two of the songs in Fire come from Bombay (1995) and reference that film's allegory of an inclusive, secular India. In contrast to other critics who focus only on Fire's reception, I read scenes such as the ones featuring the Bombay score in order to show how a number of interrelated fundamentalist debates are alluded to in the text itself.
Emergency Psychiatry: Referrals from a Personal Advisory Service
Authors: Guile Leslie A. 
Published: October 2008

The technique of dealing with psychiatric referrals from a telephone emergency service is described. A personal series of 50 cases is analysed in terms of diagnosis, disposal and treatment methods. The psychiatric intervention is discussed in terms of “crisis theory”, with the suggestion that immediate application of short-term treatment methods may be the most efficient way of using professional man-power. A plea is made for the abandonment of the traditional treatment approach via “assessment” and assignment to a waiting list. It is also suggested that psychiatric “casualty services” for acute cases should be freely available.
Lesbianism in the Maori
Authors: Gluckman L. K. 
Published: October 2008

Lesbianism was unknown to the pre-European Maori, or the older present generation of Maori women. It is not rare in the present generation of younger Maori women. It is postulated that in the Maori lesbianism is determined by social, cultural and environmental pressures. This paper incorporates three studies. (a) That of a Maori woman frigid except with European women. This condition has been termed Heterochromophobia. (b) The evolution of lesbianism in environments impossible in earlier Maori society. (c) The differing incidence of lesbianism in European and Maori prostitutes. All studies support the premise that lesbianism in the Maori is culturally determined.
Transsexualism and Transvestitism (II)
Authors: Ball J. R. R. 
Published: October 2008

A comparative study of 30 transsexualist, 30 homosexual, and 30 exhibitionist cases, together with 94 neurotics, has been carried out and reported in the previous issue. It emphasises the apparent importance of parental relationships for normal sexual identification and eventual choice of sexual object. Pathological development is seen in its most severe form amongst the transsexualists. It would seem that further prospective studies of male children who have paternal deprivation, and especially of children with transsexualist fathers, would be of value. Developments in the clarification of influences predisposing towards such abnormal development may lead to major advances in prophylaxis.
A Case of Gilles de la Tourette's Syndrome Occurring in New Zealand
Authors: De Groot M. H. , Bardwell Betty 
Published: October 2008

The rare syndrome of compulsive swearing and tics, named after Georges Gilles de la Tourette, has been recorded previously in the Southern Hemisphere, although these records have been overlooked in many reviews. The case history of a 17-year-old New Zealand boy is reported. In this case, there is a marked family history of schizophrenia. Some of the features of this patient are discussed.
Comparison of Spontaneous and Contraceptive Menstrual Cycles on a Visual Discrimination Task
Authors: Friedman Jeanette , Meares Russell A. 
Published: October 2008

21 women with spontaneous ovulatory menstrual cycles, and 7 women who were regular users of oral contraceptives were investigated over two consecutive menstrual cycles. These two groups were compared on their two flash threshold performance and on mood ratings. It was found that, for women with ovulatory menstrual cycles, visual sensitivity was enhanced during the late follicular phase of the cycle, as ovulation approached. At other phases of the menstrual cycle (paramenstrual and luteal) visual sensitivity remained constant and comparable to the values found in women who were taking contraceptives. Women who were taking contraceptives showed no significant variation in visual sensitivity with phase of the menstrual cycle. The overall level of anxiety, as reflected by mood ratings was higher in women with spontaneous cycles compared to those taking contraceptives. Neither group, however, showed significant variation in anxiety with phase of the cycle.
Mothers and Children in Hospital
Authors: Lindsay J. S. B. , Pollard Danuta E. 
Published: October 2008

Between 1965–1972 244 individual mothers were admitted on 283 occasions accompanied by 287 children to a general hospital unit. This cohort has been followed up to ascertain re-admission to any New Zealand psychiatric facility for two follow-ups at 1–8 years and 5–12 years. A postal survey of attitudes was also carried out. The content of the replies has been analysed, with statistical and anecdotal accounts of patients' and husbands' expressed feelings and attitudes. These are compared with observations in the literature about themes of hostility and anxiety. The circumstances surrounding the homicide of a baby in this series together with our various rationalisations, value judgements and assessment of the situations are described.
Time—A Neglected Aspect of Psychiatric Treatments
Authors: Stanley O. T. 
Published: October 2008

This review attempts to deal with the complex issues involved in the time to heal, with special reference to psychological processes. The questions of convalescence and relapse in organic medicine are explored and extrapolated to psychiatric processes. The concept of a latency period of change in treatment outcome is discussed with reference to both less complicated reactive states as well as highly charged neurotic processes. The problems of recognizing slow but perceptible change and separating it from failure to respond is analysed. The value of long-term psychotherapy is assessed and comparison made with the newer concept of short-term therapy. Crisis therapy and disaster reactions are discussed within the concept of time to heal. Finally the difficult issue of “miraculous cure” with its therapeutic implications is evaluated.
Maternal Deprivation: Can its Ghost Be Laid?
Authors: McConaghy Neil 
Published: October 2008

The hypothesis that separation from an established mother figure in early childhood has a detrimental effect on a child's later mental health has been widely promulgated and commonly accepted both in academic and lay circles throughout the Western world. The hypothesis continues to have a significant effect on mother's decisions as to whether they should resume work or not, and on governmental policy concerning the provision of child-care facilities for the children of those mothers who do. The evidence for the hypothesis is reviewed and it is concluded that it does not satisfy the requirements of scientific methodology. The theory that a child's attachment to its mother figure is the emotional basis for its future love relationships, group affiliations and loyalty to the state, is now being accorded similar acceptance without further evidence than that supporting the original hypothesis.
The Attraction of Opposites—An Object-Relations Understanding of Family Interaction over Three Generations
Authors: Banning Anne 
Published: October 2008

Severely dysfunctional families who manifest diametrically opposed, but complementary characteristics in the marital partners and in their children can be understood and treated in terms of Fairbairn's object-relations theory and the concept of egosplitting. A family history is presented where these problems can be traced through three generations—both maternal and paternal sets of grandparents, parents and finally the children, boy and girl twins. Therapy was initially family-based and directed at helping the parents remove their projections and foci of differences from their children onto themselves. Later the marital dyad was treated intensively looking at the whole marital relationship, the collusions to maintain the splitting and finally enabling each partner to accept the splitoff part of himself as belonging to himself instead of being projected onto his partner.
Double Blind Controlled Trial of Deanol in Tardive Dyskinesia
Authors: George Jacob , Pridmore Saxby , Aldous Diane 
Published: October 2008

Thirty three chronic psychiatric hospital subjects with oral tardive dyskinesia were divided into three groups. The subjects were matched for severity of symptoms then randomly assigned to treatment with a placebo, 1g deanol or 2g deanol per day. Statistical analysis showed that after 30 days treatment, there was a significant reduction in the mean rating of the movements of the group of 11 subjects on 2g deanol per day. Six of these subjects showed substantial reduction in movement. Further studies using this dosage of deanol are warranted.
Third ventricular chordoid meningioma in a child
Authors: Song Kyung Sun , Park Sung-Hye , Cho Byung-Kyu , Wang Kyu-Chang , Phi Ji Hoon , Kim Seung-Ki 
Published: October 2008

Meningiomas are rare in children. Chordoid meningioma is a very rare variant, as only 16 cases in children have been reported. The authors report the first case of a chordoid meningioma in the third ventricle.
A 12-year-old boy presented with headache, abnormal behaviors, and ataxia. Brain MR imaging revealed a 2-cm, well-enhanced mass in the third ventricle and hydrocephalus. Positron emission tomography with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose showed that the mass was hypermetabolic. Gross-total removal of the mass was performed using a left frontal transcortical and transventricular approach. The mass originated from the left caudate head and was connected to the choroid plexus. A chordoid meningioma was diagnosed on the basis of the histological characteristics of the tumor, which was composed of cords and nests of eosinophilic vacuolated cells with an abundant myxoid matrix, similar to the features of a chordoma. A typical focal meningiomatous pattern was observed. The tumor cells were immunoreactive for vimentin and epithelial membrane antigen. The patient's headache and gait disturbance improved after the tumor was removed. The tumor showed no signs of recurrence during 12 months of follow-up.
Polypoid gall bladder lesions: Is it necessary for immediate surgery?
Authors: Ansari Selim M. , Banu Sabina , Awal M.A. , Siddique Abu Bakkar , Alam Md. Monjur 
Published: October 2008

Ultrasonographic study of hepatobiliary system was done in 481 patients with acute right hypochondriac pain to find out any pathology in hepatobiliary system. A total of 57 patients with polypoid lesions in gall bladder were diagnosed and underwent extensive follow-up.Â In 31 patients, who underwent surgery, the histological findings were cholesterol polyp/cholesterosis (n=14), cholesterosis with fibrous displasia of gall bladder (n=7), adenomyomatosis (n=3), hyperplastic cholecystosis (n=5) and adenocarcinoma (n=2). Remaining 26 patients were under follow-up up to 18 months from first diagnosis. Though most of the polyps diagnosed on ultrasound appeared to be benign without any risk of malignant transformation, it, however, may be recommended to go for surgery in a persistent symptomatic patient.Â Keywords: Polypoid; Gall bladderDOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v33i2.1203Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33: 44-47
Effects of activity modification on the patients with osteoarthritis of the knee
Authors: Shakoor M. A. , Taslim Md. Abu , Hossain Md. Shahadat 
Published: October 2008

A prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted on 162 patients of osteoarthritis of knee were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups- Group A and Group B. The Group A was treated with shortwave diathermy, exercise, naproxen and activity modification and the Group B was treated with shortwave diathermy, exercise and naproxen. Improvement was found more in Group A than Group B after 4th week (95 % CI was -2.59 to 6.56). Then it was found that the improvement was gradually increased in Group A than Group B and finally, it was found that there was highly significant improvement in Group A than Group B after 6th week (95 % CI was -3.45 to -0.70). This study suggests that activity modification play an important role for the treatment of the patients with osteoarthritis of knee.Â Â Â Â Keywords: Knee; Osteoarthritis DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v33i2.1205Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2007; 33: 55-59
User Information Sharing and Hospital Website Privacy Policies
Authors: McCoy Matthew S. , Wu Angela , Burdyl Sam , Kim Yungjee , Smith Noell Kristen , Gonzales Rachel , Friedman Ari B. 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceHospital websites frequently use tracking technologies that transfer user information to third parties. It is not known whether hospital websites include privacy policies that disclose relevant details regarding tracking.ObjectiveTo determine whether hospital websites have accessible privacy policies and whether those policies contain key information related to third-party tracking.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this cross-sectional content analysis of website privacy policies of a nationally representative sample of nonfederal acute care hospitals, hospital websites were first measured to determine whether they included tracking technologies that transferred user information to third parties. Hospital website privacy policies were then identified using standardized searches. Policies were assessed for length and readability. Policy content was analyzed using a data abstraction form. Tracking measurement and privacy policy retrieval and analysis took place from November 2023 to January 2024. The prevalence of privacy policy characteristics was analyzed using standard descriptive statistics.Main Outcomes and MeasuresThe primary study outcome was the availability of a website privacy policy. Secondary outcomes were the length and readability of privacy policies and the inclusion of privacy policy content addressing user information collected by the website, potential uses of user information, third-party recipients of user information, and user rights regarding tracking and information collection.ResultsOf 100 hospital websites, 96 (96.0%; 95% CI, 90.1%-98.9%) transferred user information to third parties. Privacy policies were found on 71 websites (71.0%; 95% CI, 61.6%-79.4%). Policies were a mean length of 2527 words (95% CI, 2058-2997 words) and were written at a mean grade level of 13.7 (95% CI, 13.4-14.1). Among 71 privacy policies, 69 (97.2%; 95% CI, 91.4%-99.5%) addressed types of user information automatically collected by the website, 70 (98.6%; 95% CI, 93.8%-99.9%) addressed how collected information would be used, 66 (93.0%; 95% CI, 85.3%-97.5%) addressed categories of third-party recipients of user information, and 40 (56.3%; 95% CI, 44.5%-67.7%) named specific third-party companies or services receiving user information.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this cross-sectional study of hospital website privacy policies, a substantial number of hospital websites did not present users with adequate information about the privacy implications of website use, either because they lacked a privacy policy or had a privacy policy that contained limited content about third-party recipients of user information.
Professional Experiences and Career Trajectories of Mid- to Senior-Career Women Clinician-Scientists
Authors: Szczygiel Lauren A. , Greene Amanda K. , Cutter Christina M. , Jones Rochelle D. , Feldman Eva L. , Paradis Kelly C. , Settles Isis H. , Singer Kanakadurga , Spector Nancy D. , Stewart Abigail J. , Ubel Peter A. , Jagsi Reshma 
Published: April 2024

ImportanceDespite increasing evidence and recognition of persistent gender disparities in academic medicine, qualitative data detailing the association of gender-based experiences with career progression remain sparse, particularly at the mid- to senior-career stage.ObjectiveTo investigate the role gender has played in everyday professional experiences of mid- to senior-career women clinician-scientists and their perceptions of gender-related barriers experienced across their careers.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsIn this qualitative study, a total of 60 of 159 invited clinician-scientists who received National Institutes of Health K08 or K23 awards between 2006 and 2009 and responded to a survey in 2021 agreed to participate. Invitees were selected using random, purposive sampling to support sample heterogeneity. Semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted January to May 2022. For this study, interviews from 31 women were analyzed using the framework approach to thematic analysis. Data analyses were performed between August and October 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresDescriptive themes of participant experiences of gender and gender-based barriers in academic medicine.ResultsA total of 31 women clinician-scientists (8 identifying as Asian [25.8%], 14 identifying as White [45.2%], and 9 identifying as members of a minority group underrepresented in medicine [29.0%]; 14 aged 40-49 years [45.2%] and 14 aged 50-59 years [45.2%]) were included. Among them, 17 participants (54.8%) had children who required adult supervision or care, 7 participants (22.6%) had children who did not require supervision or care, and 6 participants (19.4%) did not have children. There were 4 dominant themes identified within participant experiences in academic medicine: the mental burden of gendered expectations at work and home, inequitable treatment of women in bureaucratic processes, subtle and less subtle professional exclusion of women, and value of communities built on shared identities, experiences, and solidarity.Conclusions and RelevanceThis study found that women perceived the institution of academic medicine as a male-centric system misaligned with the needs of women, with associated feelings of exclusion, disillusionment, and loss of trust in their institutions. Findings suggest that the confluence of domestic obligations and unaccommodating institutional environments may make it difficult for women clinician-scientists to achieve established timelines of career progression and productivity; these findings may have long-term implications for the well-being and retention of women in academic medicine.