bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dose‐Dependent Effects of Astaxanthin on Cortical Spreading Depression in Chronically Ethanol‐Treated Adult Rats
Authors: Abadie‐Guedes Ricardo , Santos Suzan Diniz , Cahú Thiago Barbosa , Guedes Rubem Carlos Araújo , De Souza Bezerra Ranilson 
Published: June 2008

Background:  The consumption of alcoholic drinks is a frequent drug‐abuse situation, which is associated to a wide variety of pathological disturbances affecting several organs, including the brain. We have previously shown in the developing rat brain that ethanol intake facilitates the propagation of cortical spreading depression (CSD), an excitability‐related neural phenomenon present in several animal species. This electrophysiological effect was attenuated by a shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) carotenoids extract. Here we investigated the effects of pure astaxanthin, the main carotenoid found in shrimp, on CSD.Methods:  Adult Wistar rats were treated per gavage, during 18 days, with 2.5, 10 or 90 μg/kg/d astaxanthin dissolved in ethanol (3 g/kg) and CSD was recorded on the cortical surface 1 to 3 days thereafter. Four groups, treated respectively with ethanol, distilled water and soybean oil with‐ and without astaxanthin were also studied for comparison with the ethanol + astaxanthin groups.Results:  Ethanol‐treated rats displayed higher CSD‐velocities (mean values, in mm/min, per hour of recording ranging from 4.08 ± 0.09 to 4.12 ± 0.16), compared to the distilled water‐group (from 3.19 ± 0.13 to 3.27 ± 0.06). Addition of astaxanthin to ethanol lead to lower CSD‐velocities in a dose‐dependent manner, ranging from 3.68 ± 0.09 to 3.97 ± 0.22 for the 2.5 μg/kg/d‐dose, from 3.29 ± 0.09 to 3.32 ± 0.07 for the 10 μg/kg/d‐dose, and from 2.89 ± 0.13 to 2.92 ± 0.11 for the 90 μg/kg/d‐dose. The velocities of the soybean oil groups (with and without astaxanthin) were not statistically different from the 10 μg/kg/d astaxanthin + ethanol and distilled water groups.Conclusion:  The results demonstrate the antagonistic effect of astaxanthin against the ethanol‐induced facilitation of CSD propagation. Probably carotenoid antioxidant properties are involved in such effects.
A longitudinal study of quality of life of elderly with mandibular implant‐supported fixed prostheses
Authors: Berretin‐Felix Giédre , Nary Filho Hugo , Padovani Carlos Roberto , Machado Wellington Monteiro 
Published: June 2008

AbstractObjectives: To verify the consequences of implant‐supported fixed oral rehabilitation on the quality of life (QL) of elderly individuals.Material and methods: Fifteen patients were studied, being 10 females and five males; all were aged >60 years, were completely edentulous, wore removable dentures on both arches, and were treated with implant‐supported fixed dentures. Three QL questionnaires were applied, two related to the oral conditions (Oral Impact on Daily Performance – OIDP – and Oral Health Impact Profile, short version – OHIP‐14) and one dealing with global aspects (World Health Organization Quality of Life – WHOQOL‐BREF), before 3, 6, and 18 months after surgical placement of implants.Results: Scores in the OIDP and OHIP‐14 questionnaires were better after dental treatment. The WHOQOL‐BREF was less sensitive, confirming the higher reliability of specific questionnaires (focal) compared with general questions in such situations.Conclusion: Treatment with implant‐supported fixed prostheses improved QL in the elderly; these effects are better detected by specific instruments focused on the subject.
The impact of individual room on rehospitalization and health service utilization in preterms after discharge
Authors: Erdeve O , Arsan S , Yigit S , Armangil D , Atasay B , Korkmaz A 
Published: June 2008

AbstractAim: To compare individual room implemented family‐centred care to classical designed neonatal intensive care unit and find out its effect on rehospitalization and application to health services in preterm infants after discharge.Methods: Mothers whose infants were born before 34 gestational weeks and hospitalized for at least one week in the NICU were enrolled in the study. Mothers who were hospitalized with their preterm infants in individual rooms (Group I) were compared with mothers who were not hospitalized with their preterm infants (Group II). After the third postdischarge month, groups were compared for their rates of phone consultations to physician/hospital, acute care applications, rehospitalization and parent's perception of child's vulnerability.Results: Although demographic and medical information did not indicate any differences between the groups, the mean number of acute care visits (p = 0.046), the median number of phone consultations (p = 0.001) and rehospitalization rate (12.9% vs. 34.5%, p < 0.05) were significantly higher in Group II. The anatomical problems, such as inguinal hernia and retinopathy of prematurity, were the main recorded causes in Group I whereas problems related to prematurity like feeding difficulties were dominating in Group II.Conclusion: The availability of individual rooms that allows maternal presence and participation during the hospitalization of the mother's preterm infant, is correlated with lower rates of rehospitalization and healthcare applications.
Epidemiology of malpractice lawsuits in paediatrics
Authors: Najaf‐Zadeh A , Dubos F , Aurel M , Martinot A 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA systematic review of malpractice lawsuits involving children identified six articles and 227 cumulative paediatric published cases. The prevalence of medical lawsuits resulting in payment to plaintiff was found to be 50% less frequent than that in adults. The most frequent and severe errors were among infants, including diagnostic errors of meningitis, gastroenteritis and pneumonia. The most implied unit was emergency department (58%). The patients and/or families were compensated in 23– 68% of cases.Conclusion: These data can increase physicians' awareness of disorders and age groups at high risk of medical errors. This could lead to minimize the risk of medical malpractices and to improve patient safety.
Functional foods: An Australian perspective
Authors: TAPSELL Linda 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere are many definitions of functional foods, although with a common element of providing some functional advantage to consumers, and they are almost universally associated with food innovation. In Australia, the National Centre of Excellence in Functional Foods (NCEFF) was established with five‐year federal innovation funding to help build capability in functional food research and development. This review sets the context for the NCEFF science program, by first outlining global concepts of functional foods and the nature of the scientific enterprise associated with it. The review provides a working definition of functional foods, describes the types of research reported in Medline in the last year and compares this with the NCEFF program of research. The ‘working space’ for functional foods was found to relate to the nutritional and food sciences, regulatory conditions, consumer/market and health concerns and industry opportunity. The term is appearing increasingly in Medline, mostly under review articles, but also with respect to in vitro and animal model studies, human clinical trials and consumer research. The spectrum of research undertaken in the NCEFF science program was consistent with this pattern. The review found that Australian researchers and practitioners have the capacity to deliver on major fronts in the functional foods domain and to be part of the challenges for food and nutrition research that have been exposed through the functional food phenomenon.
Effect of protein intake, hyperglycaemia and micronutrients on DNA damage and mitogen responsiveness of peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: FENECH Michael , NOAKES Manny , BOWEN Jane , CLIFTON Peter 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe aim of the study was to comprehensively assess foods differing in protein type (whey vs casein) relative to a low glycaemic index (GI) and high GI carbohydrate (CHO) food for their effects on DNA damage, DNA repair and mitogen response in peripheral blood lymphocytes using the cytokinesis‐block micronucleus assay two hours after consumption. We also studied the relationship of these parameters with plasma folate, vitamin B12, zinc, magnesium and selenium immediately before the intervention and change in plasma glucose and plasma insulin during the two‐hour period after consumption. There was no effect of protein, CHO or GI on genome damage or immune responsiveness except for a small but significant improvement in resistance to radiation‐induced DNA damage in the high‐GI CHO food relative to the casein food. Mitogen response was significantly and positively correlated with plasma zinc, magnesium, selenium and folate and baseline genome damage significantly negatively correlated with plasma folate and vitamin B12. There was no significant correlation between plasma micronutrients and change in plasma glucose or insulin except for a positive and significant correlation between change in plasma insulin and plasma selenium. The correlation between change in plasma insulin and change in plasma glucose was weaker. It is apparent from these preliminary data that micronutrient status may have a profound effect on genome stability and immune responsiveness while the effects of short‐term changes in glycemia and dietary intake of carbohydrate or protein may have only minor effects on these parameters.
Influence of selenised dairy proteins on biomarkers of colon cancer risk
Authors: MCINTOSH Graeme H. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSelenium is an essential trace element for mammals, and a component of at least 25 selenoproteins which incorporate the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec). These proteins include a number with oxidoreductase functions. An examination of the selenoproteins and their influence on carcinogenesis in an animal model may assist in determining their relevance in chemoprevention.Food sources offer a number of organic forms of selenium, with selenomethionine a common component, as in selenised yeasts. A selenium‐rich dairy protein product has been developed (TaturaBioSe, Tatura Milk Industries, Tatura, Victoria) which could improve selenium status in populations considered marginal or deficient. It could also provide higher intakes (e.g. several fold above recommended dietary intake recommendations) of potential benefit as chemopreventive to those at greater risk of some selenium‐responsive diseases, such as some sporadic colorectal cancers. Clinical studies are showing it to be a safe, palatable product for consumption in the form provided.Dairy protein selenium at 1 ppm in diet had a significant chemopreventive effect compared with control (0.05 ppm Se) in an azoxymethane model of colon cancer. Colon tumour incidence in rats was down by 29%, and tumour burden (colon tumours/rat) was halved, effects not observed when an equivalent Se concentration was provided as yeast selenium. When assessed by plasma Se concentration, this dairy protein form of selenium showed greater bioavailability (as assessed by plasma selenium) as well as efficacy in chemoprevention. Programmed cell death (apoptosis) was increased in colonic crypts and crypt height significantly diminished. The influence on early changes in carcinogenesis provides an insight into possible mechanism(s) of action. Histological and biochemical assays (e.g. monitoring oxidoreductase enzymes) could potentially provide early biomarkers with clinical relevance.
Bioavailability of selenium from selenium‐enriched milk assessed in the artificially reared neonatal pig
Authors: UGLIETTA Raffaele , DOYLE Peter T. , WALKER Glen P. , HEARD Joanna W. , LEDDIN Clare M. , STOCKDALE C. Richard , MCINTOSH Graeme H. , YOUNG Graeme P. , DUNSHEA Frank R. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere is interest in pre‐farm gate fortification of the diet with highly bioavailable selenium (Se) to improve public health, so the aim of the present study was to determine the bioavailabilities of Se from Se‐enriched whole milk and milk replacers supplemented with exogenous Se in neonatal pigs. Milk enriched with Se (1070 μg Se/kg dry matter (DM); HSeM) was obtained from cows supplemented with selenised yeast while the control milk diet (135 μg Se/kg DM; LSeM) was made using milk powder from non‐supplemented cows. Additional diets were formulated by adding selenised yeast (HSP) or selenate (HSN) to the LSeM diet to give final Se concentrations of 1070 μg Se/kg DM. Neonatal pigs were trained to drink milk and then randomly allocated to their four respective diets and slaughter times (0, 7, 14, 28 and 42 days of feeding). Plasma Se increased over the first 21 days in pigs consuming HSeM, reaching a value over three times higher than the LSeM pigs. Plasma Se concentrations plateaued at 45, 125, 122 and 170 μg/mL for LSeM, HSN, HSP and HSeM pigs, respectively (P < 0.001). After 28 days, muscle Se plateaued at 47, 106, 237 and 486 μg/kg for LSeM, HSN, HSP and HSeM pigs, respectively (P < 0.001). Colonic selenoprotein P gene expression was greater (P = 0.024) in pigs fed HSeM compared with LSeM while the HSP and HSN were intermediate. These data suggest that Se in milk from cows fed selenised yeast is highly bioavailable and may offer a means of delivering supplemental Se to humans.
Effect of dietary protein on body composition and insulin resistance using a pig model of the child and adolescent
Authors: DUNSHEA Frank R. , COX Maree L. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThere has been an increase in the incidence of obesity and related metabolic disorders in children and adolescents, so effective dietary and exercise interventions are needed. Over the past decade, there has been growing scientific evidence and public acceptance of the role that dietary protein plays in regulation of satiety, feed intake and obesity‐related disorders. Dietary protein appears to suppress food intake and delay the return of hunger more than fats or carbohydrates in a manner not due to energy content alone. Some protein sources, particularly dairy, contain specific peptides or proteins that may elicit direct effects upon satiety. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the role of level and type of dietary protein using the pig to model the important growth and developmental stages of human life. Increasing dietary protein intake reduced feed intake and fat and weight gain with the response being most pronounced in pigs consuming diets containing soy protein isolate (SPI) rather than whey protein isolate (WPI). However, in female pigs consuming diets rich in SPI from infancy to adolescence, there was a catch‐up growth that resulted in increased food intake and weight and fat gain. Insulin sensitivity was negatively related to the rate of fat deposition and was improved in pigs consuming WPI compared with SPI. While high‐protein diets may decrease calcium balance and bone strength, it appears that these effects are attenuated by WPI. These findings suggest that high‐protein diets may reduce hunger and food intake, thereby reducing fat deposition and improving insulin sensitivity.
Anti-Tumor Effects of Water-Soluble Propolis on a Mouse Sarcoma Cell Line In Vivo and In Vitro
Authors: Inoue Kohei , Saito Masayoshi , Kanai Takao , Kawata Tetsuya , Shigematsu Naoyuki , Uno Takashi , Isobe Kouichi , Liu Cui-Hua , Ito Hisao 
Published: June 2008

The honeybee product propolis and its extracts are known to have biological effects such as antibiotic, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. This study was designed to investigate whether water-soluble propolis (WSP) inhibits tumor growth. The tumor cell line used was mouse sarcoma 180 (S-180), and its growth was determined in vitro and in vivo with exposure to different concentrations of WSP. The effects of WSP on tumor cells in vitro were evaluated by measuring the intracellular uptake of 3 H -thymidine. 3 H -thymidine uptake was inhibited in accordance with the concentration of WSP. The minimum concentration of WSP necessary for 3 H -thymidine uptake inhibition was 1.0 μg/ml and uptake was suppressed to 88% of the level in non-treated cells at this concentration. In an experiment using tumor-bearing mice, oral administration of WSP was begun 24 hours after transplantation of S-180 cells. WSP was administered to the mice 5 times, every other day for 10 days. The doses were 320 mg/kg (10 mg/mouse) or 960 mg/kg (30 mg/mouse) of body weight. All mice were sacrificed 10 days after transplantation, and tumor growth was evaluated. The orally administered WSP significantly inhibited the growth of transplanted tumors ( p < 0.05). Furthermore, histological findings revealed a significant reduction in mitotic cells and tumor invasion of the muscular tissue at both dose-levels of WSP.
"Once You Know Something, You Can't Not Know It" An Empirical Look at Becoming Vegan
Authors: McDonald Barbara 
Published: June 2008

AbstractIn spite of a growing body of vegetarian literature, there remains a lack of information about how people learn to become vegan. Using qualitative methodology, this research identified a psychological process of how people learn about and adopt veganism. Elements of the process include who I was, catalytic experiences, possible repression of information, an orientation to learn, the decision, learning about veganism, and acquiring a vegan world view. Noteworthy observations include individual and temporal variation in the use of logic and emotion, the centrality of reading, the repression and recollection of undesirable information, and the importance of two types of learning tasks to successful vegans.
Emily Brontë and Dogs: Transformation Within the Human-Dog Bond
Authors: Adams Maureen B. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper examines the bond between humans and dogs as demonstrated in the life and work of Emily Bronte (1818-1848). The nineteenth century author, publishing under the pseudonym, Ellis Bell, evinced, both in her personal and professional life, the complex range of emotions explicit in the human-dog bond: attachment and companionship to domination and abuse. In Wuthering Heights, Brontë portrays the dog as scapegoat, illustrating the dark side of the bond found in many cultures. Moreover, she writes with awareness of connections - unknown in the nineteenth century - between animal abuse and domestic violence. In her personal life, Brontë's early power struggles with her companion animal mastiff, Keeper, evolve into a caring relationship. In a human-dog bond transformation that survives Brontë's death, Keeper, becomes both bridge and barrier to other human relationships. A dog may, and in this case Keeper does, take on a comprehensive role in which he both mourns his own loss and comforts others in their collective grief.
A Union of Christianity, Humanity, and Philanthropy: The Christian Tradition and the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals in Nineteenth-Century England
Authors: Li Chien-hui 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis paper offers an historical perspective to the discussion of the relationship between Christianity and nonhuman-human animal relationships by examining the animal protection movement in English society as it first took root in the nineteenth century. The paper argues that the Christian beliefs of many in the movement, especially the evangelical outlook of their faith, in a considerable way affected the character as well as the aims and scope of the emergent British animal welfare movement - although the church authorities did not take an active part in the discussion and betterment of the conditions of animals. An explicitly Christian discourse, important in creating and sustaining the important philanthropic tradition in Britain, mobilized the movement. The paper also traces the gradual decrease of the centrality of the movement's Christian elements later in the century when evolutionary ideas as well as other developments in society shed ahternative light on the relationship between human and nonhuman animals and brought about different trends in the movement. This paper sees Christianity not as a static and defining source of influence but as a rich tradition containing diverse elements that people drew upon and used to create meanings for them. The paper implicitly suggests that both a religion's doctrines in theory and the outcome of a complex interaction with the changing society in which the religion is practiced determine its potential to influence animal-human relationships.
Every Sparrow That Falls: Understanding Animal Rights Activism as Functional Religion
Authors: Jamison Wesley V , Wenk Caspar , Parker James V 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis article reports original research conducted among animal rights activists and elites in Switzerland and the United States, and the finding that activism functioned in activists' and elites' lives like religious belief. The study used reference sampling to select Swiss and American informants.Various articles and activists have identified both latent and manifest quasi-religious components in the contemporary movement Hence, the research followed upon these data and anecdotes and tested the role of activism in adherents' lives. Using extensive interviews, the research discovered that activists and elites conform to the five necessary components of Yinger's definition of functional religion: intense and memorable conversion experiences, newfound communities of meaning, normative creeds, elaborate and well-defined codes of behavior, and cult formation. The article elaborates on that schema in the context of animal rights belief, elucidates the deeply meaningful role of activism within a filigree of meaning, and concludes that the movement is facing schismatic forces not dissimilar to redemptive and religious movements
Differance in the Eternal Recurrence of the Same
Authors: Lingis Alphonso 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe doctrine of eternal recurrence in Nietzsche is an essentially ecstatic doctrine. It is also strangely incommunicable. Here the ecstasy that reveals singularizes. The essential revelation closes the one to whom it is given in his own singularity; only a singularity opens to the abysses and the Dionysian truth. Heidegger could then see in it an ontological doctrine. And an authentifying-singularizing-doctrine. Not, though, the same as his own. For Heidegger could suggest that the time horizon in which this doctrine conceives Being in its Becoming-the "deep eternity"-is in fact not a deep structure of time, but the linear time of an eternity of instants. Eternity is not deep. In addition the subject of the Nietzschean ecstasy-which longs for eternity- cannot appropriate itself, cannot become a whole, cannot really achieve singular existence. Are these Heideggerian thoughts criticisms of the Nietzschean experience? Is the deep ontological truth to be then sought elsewhere? Is the wholeness of one's own life- the essence of this existence- to be then sought in another experience of the time-horizon of Being? Or else do these Heideggerian observations not rather point to another structure of the thought involved-something like a surface thought? And to another structure of the one smitten by this thought-a singularity that exists only in a circle of continuous metamorphoses? Some deconstructive work by Derrida encourages us to look in this direction.