bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A novel sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate‐PAGE system suitable for the separation of small peptides
Authors: Lu Xuemei , Yao Yao , Zhang Weican 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA novel sodium bis(2‐ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate‐PAGE (AOT‐PAGE) system which delivers high resolution and sensitivity for small peptides with molecular masses of 0.8–17 kDa is described. Small peptides migrate more slowly and are less prone to leakage than in conventional SDS‐PAGE, thus allowing for the in‐gel detection with CBB R 250 of 0.5 μg of peptide. The system is also compatible with electroblotting, activity staining in renatured gels, and the peptide analysis by MALDI‐MS. AOT‐PAGE is simpler, more rapid, and cheaper than the generally adopted Tricine‐SDS‐PAGE method.
Use of SDS micelles for improving sensitivity, resolution, and speed in the analysis of β‐lactam antibiotics in environmental waters by SPE and CE
Authors: Serrano Juan Manuel , Silva Manuel 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThis study dealt with the potential of MEKC with LIF detection involving derivatization with sulfoindocyanine succinimidyl ester (Cy5) for the separation and determination of β‐lactam antibiotics (ampicillin, amoxicillin, cephradine, and cephalexin) in environmental water samples. Water samples of 50 mL were enriched by SPE by passage through a weak base‐cation Amberlite® IRA‐93 exchange column. SDS micelles play important roles in the whole analytical process by improving the yield (sensitivity) and the kinetics of the labeling reaction, the elution of the retained antibiotics from the SPE preconcentration system and the electrophoretic resolution of their Cy5‐derivatives. The optimum procedure includes a derivatization step of the antibiotics at 25°C for 10 min and direct injection for MEKC analysis, which is conducted within about 15 min using 15 mM SDS in the running buffer (35 mM sodium borate at pH 9.3). LODs from 30 to 45 ng/L and RSDs (within‐day precision) from 3.5 to 5.9% were obtained for the antibiotics in water samples with average recoveries ranging from 96.4 to 99.4%. These results indicate that the method proposed is a straightforward and sensitive tool for the determination of these antibiotics in environmental water samples providing similar quantitative results to those using more expensive equipment like LC‐electrospray MS/MS.
A new electrochemiluminescent detection system equipped with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode for CE
Authors: Chen Yiting , Lin Zhenyu , Sun Jianjun , Chen Guonan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractAn electrochemiluminescent (ECL) detection system in CE with an electrically heated carbon paste electrode (CPE) was developed. This CPE could be heated by a 100 kHz alternating current (ac) generated from a function generator, and the temperature of the electrode (Te) could be controlled. To evaluate the feasibility and reliability of this system, the electrochemically generated Ru(bpy)33+‐based ECL reaction was used for detection of triethylamine (TEA) and tri‐n‐propylamine (TPrA). Ru(bpy)32+ was added into the separation buffer solution with precolumn mode. Effects of several important factors were investigated to acquire the optimum conditions. Under the optimum conditions, the heated electrode has been shown to provide advantages by the measurement of ECL intensity in CE at elevated Te. Compared with the conventional electrode at the room temperature, using heated CPE could improve peak shape and gain good reproducibility with lower detection limits and wider linearity ranges. Compared with the room temperature, the linear ranges and detection limits (S/N = 3) for TEA and TPrA were improved about one magnitude when the Te was 39°C. In contrast, the RSD was lower than for the electrode at room temperature.
DNA conformation and base number simultaneously determined in a nanopore
Authors: Fologea Daniel , Brandin Eric , Uplinger James , Branton Daniel , Li Jiali 
Published: September 2007

AbstractWhen dsDNA polymers containing identical number of base pairs were electrophoresed through a nanopore in a voltage biased silicon nitride membrane, the measured time integral of blocked ionic current (the event‐charge‐deficit, ecd, Fologea, D., Gershow, M., Ledden, B., McNabb, D. S. et al.., Nano Lett. 2005, 5, 1905–1909) for each translocation event was the same regardless of whether the molecules were in a linear, circular relaxed, or supercoiled form. Conversely, when DNA polymers containing different numbers of base pairs were electrophoresed through a nanopore, the ecd depended strongly on, and predicted the value of, the molecule's number of base pairs. Measurements showed that the magnitude of the current blockages was strongly affected by a molecule's form. The current blockages exhibited characteristic differences that distinguished among single‐stranded linear, double‐stranded linear, circular relaxed, and supercoiled forms. Because the data that establish ecd are usually determined concomitantly with current blockade measurements, our results show that a single nanopore assay can simultaneously determine both DNA conformation and base number.
Selecting activated carbon for water and wastewater treatability studies
Authors: Zhang Wei , Chang Qi‐Gang , Liu Wan‐Dong , Li Bing‐Jing , Jiang Wen‐Xin , Fu Li‐Jun , Ying Wei‐Chi 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA series of follow‐up investigations were performed to produce data for improving the four‐indicator carbon selection method that we developed to identify high‐potential activated carbons effective for removing specific organic water pollutants. The carbon's pore structure and surface chemistry are dependent on the raw material and the activation process. Coconut carbons have relatively more small pores than large pores; coal and apricot nutshell/walnut shell fruit carbons have the desirable pore structures for removing adsorbates of all sizes. Chemical activation, excessive activation, and/or thermal reactivation enlarge small pores, resulting in reduced phenol number and higher tannic acid number. Activated carbon's phenol, iodine, methylene blue, and tannic acid numbers are convenient indicators of its surface area and pore volume of pore diameters <10, 10–15, 15–28, and >28 Å, respectively. The phenol number of a carbon is also a good indicator of its surface acidity of oxygen‐containing organic functional groups that affect the adsorptive capacity for aromatic and other small polar organics. The tannic acid number is an indicator of carbon's capacity for large, high‐molecular‐weight natural organic precursors of disinfection by‐products in water treatment. The experimental results for removing nitrobenzene, methyl‐tert‐butyl ether, 4,4‐bisphenol, humic acid, and the organic constituents of a biologically treated coking‐plant effluent have demonstrated the effectiveness of this capacity–indicator‐based method of carbon selection. A comprehensive table of iodine, phenol, methylene blue, and tannic numbers of common activated carbons is a useful database to environmental professionals for selecting few high‐potential activated carbons to be evaluated in an efficient water/wastewater treatability study. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2007
Highly convenient one‐pot conversion of aryl acylals or aryl aldehyde bisulfites into dihydropyrimidones using BI(NO3)3⋅5H2O
Authors: Khosropour Ahmad R. , Khodaei Mohammad M. , Beygzadeh Mojtaba 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new, facile, and efficient one‐pot deprotection–cyclocondensation method is presented for the Biginelli reaction from aryl acylals or aryl aldehyde bisulfites in the presence of catalytic amounts of Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O under solvent‐free conditions. In addition, high levels of chemoselectivity for this synthesis have been achieved. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:684–687, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20352
One‐pot synthesis of novel substituted pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines using dry media
Authors: Kidwai M. , Singhal K. , Kukreja S. 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA convenient solvent‐free one‐pot synthesis of 1,3,5,7‐tetraaryl‐1,3,4,7‐tetrahydro‐2‐thio‐xopyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐one derivatives using supported reagents under microwave irradiation is described. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:617–621, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20355
Three new vic‐dioxime ligands: Synthesis, characterization, spectroscopy, and redox properties of their mononuclear nickel(II) complexes
Authors: Kilic Ahmet , Tas Esref , Gumgum Bahattin , Yilmaz Ismail 
Published: September 2007

AbstractNickel(II) complexes with three new vic‐dioxime reagents, N‐(ethyl‐4‐amino‐1‐piperidine carboxylate)phenylglyoxime (L1H2), N‐(ethyl‐4‐amino‐1‐piperidine carboxylate)glyoxime (L2H2) and N,N′‐bis(ethyl‐4‐amino‐1‐piperidine carboxylate)glyoxime (L3H2), have been prepared. Mononuclear nickel(II) complexes with a metal/ligand ratio of 1:2 were prepared using Ni(II) salt. All these nickel(II) complexes are nonelectrolytes as shown by their molar conductivities (ΛM) in DMF solution at 10−3 M concentration. The ligands are soluble in common solvents such as DMSO, DMF, CHCl3, and C2H5OH. The ligands and their Ni(II) complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, FT‐IR, UV‐visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, magnetic susceptibility measurements, cyclic voltammetry, and molar conductivities (ΛM). The cyclic voltammetric measurements show that [Ni(L1H)2] and [Ni(L2H)2] complexes exhibit almost similar electrochemical behavior, with two reduction and two oxidation processes based on either metals or oxime moities, while [Ni(L3H)2⋅2H2O] complex displays irreversible, with one reduction and one oxidation processes based on oxime moity. This main difference could be attributed to the highly polarized [Ni(L3H)2⋅2H2O] complex that has four carboxylate groups attached to piperidine on the oxime moieties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:657–663, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20357
Synthesis and properties of benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthrolines and their ruthenium(II) complexes
Authors: Rahman A. F. M. Motiur , Jahng Yurngdong 
Published: September 2007

AbstractFriedländer reactions of 4‐aminoacridine‐3‐carbaldehyde with 1,3‐, 1,4‐di‐, and 1,3,5‐triacetylbenzenes afforded a series of corresponding (benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthrolin‐2‐yl)benzenes as new N,N,C‐polydentates. Reaction with 1,2‐diacetylbenzene afforded 1,2‐di(benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthrol‐2‐yl)benzene with unexpected benzo[b]‐1,10‐phenanthroline and 3‐oxoindeno[1,2‐b]benzo[j]‐1,10‐phenanthroline in a ratio of 1:1.2:1. Metal complex formation of the ligands was examined to provide two isomeric Ru complexes, a pentaaza‐coordinated (N5Cl) complex [Ru(tpy)(3aH)Cl](PF6) and a hexacoordinated (N5C) complex [Ru(tpy)(3a)](PF6) in a ratio of 1:4 with 71% overall yield, whereas 3b‐eH afforded complex mixtures upon reactions with Ru(tpy)Cl3. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:650–656, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20358
Synthesis and insecticidal evaluation of N‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐thio[O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N″‐methylcarbamate]‐N,N′‐diacylhydrazines
Authors: Shang Jian , Liu Yuxiu , Huang Runqiu , Bi Fuchun , Wang Qingmin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA series of novel N‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐thio[O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N″‐methylcarbamate]‐N,N′‐diacylhydrazines were synthesized by the reaction of chlorosulfenyl[O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N‐methylcarbamate] with N‐tert‐butyl‐N,N′‐diacylhydrazine in the presence of sodium hydride. The reaction of sulfur dichloride with O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N‐methylcarbamate (Methomyl) in the presence of pyridine to yield chlorosulfenyl[O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N‐methylcarbamate] was reported for the first time. X‐ray single crystal diffraction of N‐tert‐butyl‐N′‐thio[O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N″‐methylcarbamate]‐N,N′‐dibenzoylhydrazine demonstrated that the parent compounds N‐tert‐butyl‐N,N′‐dibenzoylhydrazine and O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N‐methylcarbamate were combined by NSN band to give the product. Their larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm and Aphis laburni were evaluated. All of them exhibited excellent larvicidal activities against Oriental armyworm, with some of them showing higher larvicidal activities than the parent diacylhydrazines. Toxicity assays indicated that the products show knockdown activity for O‐(1‐methylthioethylimino)‐N‐methylcarbamate at higher concentration and insect growth regulators' activities of diacylhydrazines at lower concentrations. At the same time, the products possess insecticidal activities against the aphids. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:631–636, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20360
New bis(diphenylphosphino)aniline derivatives: Synthesis and spectroscopic characterization
Authors: Biricik Nermin , Durap Feyyaz , Kayan Cezmi , Gümgüm Bahattin 
Published: September 2007

AbstractSix new multidentate bis(diphenyl‐phosphino)amine [R–N(PPh2)2] ligands have been prepared from the reaction of aniline derivatives, R–NH2, with Ph2PCl in the presence of triethylamine. All of the compounds were obtained in good yields and were characterized by NMR, IR, and microanalysis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:613–616, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20362
Synthesis of novel oxazolines and application in cyanosilylation of prochiral ketones
Authors: Mei Luo , Xuan Li Xiao , Ping Ke Yu , Hao Yin , Liang Hu Ke , Hai Zhang Jia , Ying Jiang 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA new family of oxazolines was synthesized in high yields and was characterized by NMR, IR, and MS. Oxazoline–lanthanide complexes, as the novel Lewis acid catalysts, were applied to the asymmetric cyanosilylation of ketones that gave the corresponding cyanohydrin trimethylsilyl ethers in moderate yields and enantioselectivities under mild conditions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:679–683, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20374
Synthesis of novel N‐alkyl/aryl‐N′‐(4‐arylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐N″‐xylosyl guanidines
Authors: Li Gen , Wu Peng , Hua Cao Ling 
Published: September 2007

AbstractThe reaction of 2,3,4‐tri‐O‐acetyl‐β‐D‐xylopyranosyl isothiocyanate (1) and 2‐amino‐4‐arylthiazoles (2) gave xylosylthioureas 3. These thiourea derivatives reacted with alkyl/aryl amine in the presence of HgCl2 to give a new series of N‐alkyl/aryl‐N″‐(4‐arylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐N″‐xylosyl guanidines 4. Some of the synthesized guanidines were screened for their biological activity. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:688–694, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20379
Synthesis of stannic(IV) complexes: Their structural elucidation in solid and solution state and antimicrobial activity
Authors: Shahzadi Saira , Ali Saqib , Wurst Klaus , Najam‐ul‐Haq Muhammad 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA series of organotin(IV) thiocarboxylates have been synthesized with the general formula R2SnL2 and R3SnL (R = Ph2(I), Me3(II), n‐Bu3(III), Ph3(IV), Cy3(V), Me2(VI), n‐Bu2(VII), and L = piperidine‐1‐thiocarboxylic acid) in anhydrous toluene under the reflux conditions. The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, IR, 1H and 13C NMR, mass spectrometry, and XRD. NMR data revealed that thiocarboxylic acid acts as bidentate, and complexes exhibit the four‐coordinated geometry in solution state. In solid state, diorganotin complexes exhibit the hexa‐coordinated geometry whereas the triorganotin(IV) compounds show the five‐coordinated geometry. These complexes were also tested for their antimicrobial activity along with the ligand against different animals, plant pathogens, and Artemia salina. All complexes with few exceptions show high activity as compared to the ligand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 18:664–674, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20380
What determines transaction costs in foreign exchange markets?
Authors: Ramadorai Tarun 
Published: September 2007

AbstractUsing detailed data on the currency transactions of institutional fund managers, this paper shows that funds that experience high returns on their currency holdings also incur lower transaction costs on their currency trades. This finding holds both in the cross section, i.e. funds that perform better on average incur lower average transaction costs, as well as in time series, i.e. funds that do better over the past two months incur lower transaction costs on subsequent transactions. The results are consistent with foreign exchange dealers bidding for information from successful traders. They are also consistent with foreign exchange dealers exploiting price inelastic demand for foreign currency trades, or funds acting as secondary liquidity providers in foreign exchange markets. The paper also investigates the role of fund size, transaction frequency and return volatility on transactions costs. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cyclin degradation for cancer therapy and chemoprevention
Authors: Freemantle Sarah J. , Liu Xi , Feng Qing , Galimberti Fabrizio , Blumen Steven , Sekula David , Kitareewan Sutisak , Dragnev Konstantin H. , Dmitrovsky Ethan 
Published: September 2007

AbstractCancer is characterized by uncontrolled cell division resulting from multiple mutagenic events. Cancer chemoprevention strategies aim to inhibit or reverse these events using natural or synthetic pharmacologic agents. Ideally, this restores normal growth control mechanisms. Diverse classes of compounds have been identified with chemopreventive activity. What unites many of them is an ability to inhibit the cell cycle by specifically modulating key components. This delays division long enough for cells to respond to mutagenic damage. In some cases, damage is repaired and in others cellular damage is sufficient to trigger apoptosis. It is now known that pathways responsible for targeting G1 cyclins for proteasomal degradation can be engaged pharmacologically. Emergence of induced cyclin degradation as a target for cancer therapy and chemoprevention in pre‐clinical models is discussed in this article. Evidence for cyclin D1 as a molecular pharmacologic target and biological marker for clinical response is based on experience of proof of principle trials. J. Cell. Biochem. 102: 869–877, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Super‐simple holey Steiner pentagon systems and related designs
Authors: Abel R. Julian R. , Bennett Frank E. , Ge Gennian 
Published: September 2007

AbstractA Steiner pentagon system of order v (SPS(v)) is said to be super‐simple if its underlying (v, 5, 2)‐BIBD is super‐simple; that is, any two blocks of the BIBD intersect in at most two points. It is well known that the existence of a holey Steiner pentagon system (HSPS) of type T implies the existence of a (5, 2)‐GDD of type T. We shall call an HSPS of type T super‐simple if its underlying (5, 2)‐GDD of type T is super‐simple; that is, any two blocks of the GDD intersect in at most two points. The existence of HSPSs of uniform type hn has previously been investigated by the authors and others. In this article, we focus our attention on the existence of super‐simple HSPSs of uniform type hn. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Combin Designs 16: 301–328, 2008
A life cycle inventory of carbon dioxide as a solvent and additive for industry and in products
Authors: Overcash Michael , Li Yong , Griffing Evan , Rice Gareth 
Published: September 2007

AbstractLife cycle inventories of four industrial carbon dioxide production processes are reported. The inventory data were calculated using design‐based methodology. Energy consumptions and critical emissions of the four processes are compared. Quasi‐microscopic allocation was applied to processes with multiple products. The inventory data of this study are transparent and can be used in other life cycle studies. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Bubble size in a forced circulation loop reactor
Authors: Fadavi Ali , Chisti Yusuf , Chriaštel Ladislav 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND:The bubble size distribution in gas‐liquid reactors influences gas holdup, residence time distribution, and gas‐liquid interfacial area for mass transfer. This work reports on the effects of independently varied gas and liquid flow rates on steady‐state bubble size distributions in a new design of forced circulation loop reactor operated with an air–water system. The reactor consisted of a cylindrical vessel (∼26 L nominal volume, gas‐free aspect ratio ≈ 6, downcomer‐to‐riser cross‐sectional area ratio of 0.493) with a concentric draft tube and an annular riser zone. Both gas and liquid were in forced flow through a sparger that had been designed for minimizing the bubble size.RESULTS:Photographically measured bubble size distributions in the riser zone could be approximated as normal distributions for the combinations of gas and liquid flow rates used. This contrasted with other kinds of size distributions (e.g. bimodal, Gaussian) that have been reported for other types of gas‐liquid reactors. Most of the bubbles were in the 3 to 5 mm diameter range. At any fixed low value of aeration rate (≤1.8 × 10−4 m3s−1), increase in the liquid flow rate caused earlier detachment of bubbles from the sparger holes to reduce the Sauter mean bubble size in the riser region.CONCLUSION:Unlike in conventional bubble columns where bimodal and Gaussian bubble size distributions have been reported, a normal bubble size distribution is attained in forced circulation loop reactors with an air–water system over the entire range of operation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Optimization of lipase production by Penicillium simplicissimum in soybean meal
Authors: Vargas Gean D. L. P. , Treichel Helen , de Oliveira Debora , Beneti Stéphani C. , Freire Denise M. G. , Di Luccio Marco 
Published: September 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND: Lipase production by Penicillium simplicissimum using soybean meal as substrate has been investigated. A factorial design technique was used to evaluate the effects of incubation temperature, initial moisture of the meal and substrate supplementation with low cost supplements, on lipase production. Soybean oil and wastewater from a slaughterhouse, which is rich on oil and fat, corn steep liquor and yeast hydrolysate, were tested as supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources.RESULTS Cultivation conditions were optimized for the production of lipase by factorial design and response surface methodology. Results show that the microorganism produces very low protease activity (0.21 U gds−1 dry substrate), which helps to maximize lipase production. Soybean meal without supplements appears to be the best medium of those tested for lipase production by P. simplicissimum.CONCLUSION: This work showed that temperature and moisture are the factors that most strongly influence lipase production by P. simplicissimum using soybean meal as substrate. The growth conditions that optimize lipase production are 27.5 °C using substrate with 550 g kg−1 of initial moisture. In optimum conditions lipase activity of 30 U gds−1 dry substrate was obtained. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry