bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiology of Severe Burn Injuries: New Therapeutic Opportunities From a Systems Perspective
Authors: Dobson Geoffrey P , Morris Jodie L , Letson Hayley L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Severe burn injury elicits a profound stress response with the potential for high morbidity and mortality. If polytrauma is present, patient outcomes appear to be worse. Sex-based comparisons indicate females have worse outcomes than males. There are few effective drug therapies to treat burn shock and secondary injury progression. The lack of effective drugs appears to arise from the current treat-as-you-go approach rather than a more integrated systems approach. In this review, we present a brief history of burns research and discuss its pathophysiology from a systems’ perspective. The severe burn injury phenotype appears to develop from a rapid and relentless barrage of damage-associated molecular patterns, pathogen-associated molecular patterns, and neural afferent signals, which leads to a state of hyperinflammation, immune dysfunction, coagulopathy, hypermetabolism, and intense pain. We propose that if the central nervous system control of cardiovascular function and endothelial-glycocalyx-mitochondrial coupling can be restored early, these secondary injury processes may be minimized. The therapeutic goal is to switch the injury phenotype to a healing phenotype by reducing fluid leak and maintaining tissue O2 perfusion. Currently, no systems-based therapies exist to treat severe burns. We have been developing a small-volume fluid therapy comprising adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium (ALM) to treat hemorrhagic shock, traumatic brain injury, and sepsis. Our early studies indicate that the ALM therapy holds some promise in supporting cardiovascular and pulmonary functions following severe burns. Future research will investigate the ability of ALM therapy to treat severe burns with polytrauma and sex disparities, and potential translation to humans.
Numerical investigation of entropy generation of Joule heating in non-axisymmetric flow of hybrid nanofluid towards stretching surface
Authors: Rafique Khadija , Mahmood Zafar , Adnan  , Khan Umar , Muhammad Taseer , El-Rahman Magda Abd , Bajri Sanaa A , El-Wahed Khalifa Hamiden Abd 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The industrial sector has shown a growing interest in hybrid nanofluids affected by magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) owing to their wide range of applications, including photovoltaic water heaters and scraped surface heat exchangers. The main purpose of this study is to look at how entropy is created in a hybrid nanofluid of ${\rm{A{{l}_2}{{O}_3}{-}Cu}}$ mixed with ${\rm{{{H}_2}O}}$ at a non-axisymmetric stagnation point flow with Joule heating and viscous dissipation. By using appropriate non-similarity transformations, the partial differential equations (PDEs) governing the boundary layer region of this issue are transformed into a set of non-linear PDEs. The BVP4c MATLAB program, which uses local non-similarity and additional truncation, may fix the problem. The velocity profiles in both directions grow when the values of ${{\phi }_2},\ M,\lambda $, and A parameters increase. The temperature profile rises as the values of A and $Ec$ grow and lowers as ${{\phi }_2}$ and M increase. The obtained numerical findings demonstrate significant impacts on both the heat transfer rate and fluid flow parameters of the hybrid nanofluid. When the concentration of nanoparticles and the magnetic parameter are heightened, there is an enhancement seen in the skin friction coefficient and decline in heat transfer rate. In addition, the entropy production profile shows an increasing tendency as a function of the parameters ${{\phi }_2},\ M,$ and $Br,$ while demonstrating a decreasing tendency of function of the parameter $\alpha $. The Bejan number profile has a positive correlation with the parameter $\alpha $ but shows a negative correlation with the variables ${{\phi }_2},\ M,$ and $Br$.
Kinematical small-scale fluctuations do not affect the measurement of the dynamical mass of galaxies
Authors: Zhong Zehao , Zhao Gang 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
The stellar kinematics of low-mass galaxies are usually observed to be very unsmooth with significant kinematical fluctuations in small scales, which cannot be consistent with the projected centrosymmetric stellar kinematics obtained from commonly used dynamical models. In this work, we aim to test whether the high degree of kinematical fluctuations affects the dynamical mass estimate of galaxies. We use the asymmetry parameter η obtained from the 180° rotation self-subtraction of stellar kinematics of galaxies to quantify the degree of kinematical small-scale fluctuations. We use TNG50 numerical simulation to construct a large sample of mock galaxies with known total masses, and then obtained the virial dynamical mass estimator of these mock galaxies. We find that the dynamical masses within three-dimensional Re to the mock galaxy centres are overall averagely accurate within around 0.1 dex under the symmetric assumption, while Re means the projected circularized half-stellar mass radius in this work. We study the local virial mass estimation bias for mock galaxies of different η. The maximum bias difference of two η bins is around 0.16 dex, which with other local biases may help apply the observational virial mass estimators obtained from massive galaxies to other types of galaxies. We find that the Spearman’s ρ of η with the intrinsic mass estimation deviations is near zero if the local bias is eliminated properly. The results indicate that even for low-mass galaxies, the existence of high degree of kinematical small-scale fluctuations does not affect the measurement of the dynamical mass of galaxies.
Properties of a fading AGN from SDSS-IV MaNGA
Authors: Mo Hao , Chen Yan-Mei , Zhang Zhi-Yun , Moiseev Alexei , Bizyaev Dmitry , Shi Yong , Gu Qiu-Sheng , Bao Min , Cao Xiao , Li Song-Lin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We identify a fading AGN SDSS J220141.64+115124.3 from the internal Product Launch-11 (MPL-11) in Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) survey. The central region with a projected radius of $\sim$2.4 kpc is characterized as LINER-like line ratios while the outskirts extended to $\sim$15 kpc show Seyfert-like line ratios. The ${\rm{[O {\small III}]}}$$\lambda$5007 luminosity of the Seyfert regions is a factor of 37 (2) higher than the LINER regions without (with) dust attenuation correction, suggesting that the AGN activity decreases at least $\sim$8 $\times$ 10$^3$ yr ($\sim$2.4 kpc/light-speed) ago. We model the emission line spectra in the central region with double Gaussian components (a narrow core and a broad wing) and analyse the properties of each component. The narrow core component mostly co-rotates with the stellar disc, whereas the broad wing component with a median of the velocity dispersion $\sim$300 km s$^{-1}$ is related to a wind outflow. The kinematic position angle (PA) of the ionized gas shows an $\sim 20^{\circ }$ twist from the galaxy centre to 1.5 effective radius. The median of the PA difference between the gas and stellar components is as large as $\sim 50^{\circ }$ within 0.4 effective radius. The tidal feature in DESI image and star–gas misalignment suggest this galaxy is a merger remnant. Combining all these observational results as well as public available X-ray and MIR luminosities, we confirm this is a fading AGN, the merger process kick-started the central engine to quasar phase which ionized gas composed of tidal debris, and now the activity of the central black hole decreases. The discontinuity in ${\rm{[O {\small III}]}}$$\lambda$5007 flux and EQW maps is due to multiple AGN outbursts triggered by merger remnant gas inflows.
Mass–radius relation for magnetized white dwarfs from SDSS
Authors: Karinkuzhi Drisya , Mukhopadhyay Banibrata , Wickramasinghe Dayal , Tout Christopher A 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We present the observational mass–radius (M–R) relation for a sample of 47 magnetized white dwarfs (WDs) with the magnetic field strength (B) ranging from 1 to 773 MG, identified from the SDSS data release 7 (DR7). We derive their effective temperature, surface gravity (log g), luminosity, radius, and mass. While atmospheric parameters are derived using a Virtual Observatory Spectral Energy Distribution Analyzer (VOSA), the mass is derived using their location in the HR diagram in comparison with the evolutionary tracks of different masses. We implement this mass measurement instead of a more traditional method of deriving masses from log g, which is unreliable as is based on SED and generates errors from other physical parameters involved. The main disadvantage of this method is that we need to assume a core composition of WDs. As it is complicated to identify the exact composition of these WDs from low-resolution spectra, we use tracks for the masses 0.2 to 0.4 M⊙ assuming a He-core, 0.5 to 1.0 M⊙ assuming CO core, and above M⊙ assuming O–Ne–Mg core. We compare the observed M–R relation with those predicted by the finite temperature model by considering different B, which are well in agreement considering their relatively low-surface fields, ≲109 G. Currently, there is no direct observational detection of magnetized WDs with B &gt; 109 G. We propose that our model can be further extrapolated to higher B, which may indicate the existence of super-Chandrasekhar mass (M &gt; 1.4 M⊙) WDs at higher B.
Local limit of non-local gravity: a teleparallel extension of general relativity
Authors: Tabatabaei Javad , Baghram Shant , Mashhoon Bahram 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
We describe a general constitutive framework for a teleparallel extension of the general theory of relativity. This approach goes beyond the teleparallel equivalent of general relativity (TEGR) by broadening the analogy with the electrodynamics of media. In particular, the main purpose of this paper is to investigate in detail a local constitutive extension of TEGR that is the local limit of non-local gravity. Within this framework, we study the modified Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker cosmological models. Of these, the most cogent turns out to be the modified Cartesian flat model which is shown to be inconsistent with the existence of a positive cosmological constant. Moreover, dynamic dark energy and other components of the modified Cartesian flat model evolve differently with the expansion of the universe as compared to the standard flat cosmological model. The observational consequences of the modified Cartesian flat model are briefly explored and it is shown that the model is capable of resolving the H0 tension.
Quantifying the bulk density of southern delta aquariid meteoroids: insights from the Canadian automated meteor observatory
Authors: Pinhas Arazi , Krzeminski Zbyszek , Vida Denis , Brown Peter 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Physical properties of ten millimetre-sized meteoroids from the Southern Delta Aquariids (SDA) shower are derived using optical observations from the Canadian Automated Meteor Observatory between 2020 and 2023. The meteors are found to ablate in two distinct erosion stages, the second stage showing a single, bright leading fragment. Our modelling interprets these observations as evidence for equal masses of compact grains embedded in a porous, low density matrix. The average bulk density of SDA meteors is found to be 1420 ± 100  $\rm {kg \ m^{-3}}$, with the compact component having a density of 2310 ± 160 $\rm {kg \ m^{-3}}$ and the porous component a density of 700 ± 110  $\rm {kg \ m^{-3}}$. The high bulk density of SDA meteors is comparable to densities found for the Quadrantid and Geminid showers, both of which also have low perihelion distances. This suggests that thermal desorption may play a significant role in the processing of meteoroids.
Terahertz flexible multiplexing chip enabled by synthetic topological phase transitions
Authors: Ren Hang , Xu Su , Lyu Zhidong , Li Yuanzhen , Yang Zuomin , Xu Quan , Yu Yong-Sen , Li Yanfeng , Gao Fei , Yu Xianbin , Han Jiaguang , Chen Qi-Dai , Sun Hong-Bo 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
Flexible multiplexing chips that permit reconfigurable multidimensional channel utilization are indispensable for revolutionary 6G terahertz communications, but the insufficient manipulation capability of terahertz waves prevents their practical implementation. Herein, we propose the first experimental demonstration of a flexible multiplexing chip for terahertz communication by revealing the unique mechanism of topological phase (TP) transition and perseveration in a heterogeneously coupled bilayer valley Hall topological photonic system. The synthetic and individual TPs operated in the coupled and decoupled states enable controllable on-chip modular TP transitions and subchannel switching. Two time-frequency interleaved subchannels support 10- and 12-Gbit/s QAM-16 high-speed data streams along corresponding paths over carriers of 120 and 130 GHz with 2.5- and 3-GHz bandwidths, respectively. This work unlocks interlayer heterogeneous TPs for inspiring ingenious on-chip terahertz-wave regulation, allowing functionality-reconfigurable, compactly integrated and CMOS-compatible chips.
Arginine methylation of SM-LIKE PROTEIN 4 antagonistically affects alternative splicing during Arabidopsis stress responses
Authors: Agrofoglio Yamila Carla , Iglesias María José , Perez-Santángelo Soledad , de Leone María José , Koester Tino , Catalá Rafael , Salinas Julio , Yanovsky Marcelo J , Staiger Dorothee , Mateos Julieta L 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PROTEIN ARGININE METHYLTRANSFERASE5 (PRMT5) post-translationally modifies RNA-binding proteins by arginine (R) methylation. However, the impact of this modification on the regulation of RNA processing is largely unknown. We used the spliceosome component, SM-LIKE PROTEIN 4 (LSM4), as a paradigm to study the role of R-methylation in RNA processing. We found that LSM4 regulates alternative splicing (AS) of a suite of its in vivo targets identified here. The lsm4 and prmt5 mutants show a considerable overlap of genes with altered AS raising the possibility that splicing of those genes could be regulated by PRMT5-dependent LSM4 methylation. Indeed, LSM4 methylation impacts AS, particularly of genes linked with stress response. Wild-type LSM4 and an unmethylable version complement the lsm4-1 mutant, suggesting that methylation is not critical for growth in normal environments. However, LSM4 methylation increases with abscisic acid and is necessary for plants to grow under abiotic stress. Conversely, bacterial infection reduces LSM4 methylation, and plants that express unmethylable-LSM4 are more resistant to Pseudomonas than those expressing wild-type LSM4. This tolerance correlates with decreased intron retention of immune-response genes upon infection. Taken together, this provides direct evidence that R-methylation adjusts LSM4 function on pre-mRNA splicing in an antagonistic manner in response to biotic and abiotic stress.
Comparative-effectiveness study evaluating outcomes for transforaminal epidural steroid injections performed with 3% hypertonic saline or normal saline in lumbosacral radicular pain
Authors: Munjupong Sithapan , Malaithong Wanwipha , Chantrapannik Ekasak , Ratchano Poomin , Tontisirin Nuj , Cohen Steven P 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Transforaminal epidural steroid injections (TFESI) are commonly employed to treat lumbosacral radiculopathy. Despite anti-inflammatory properties, the addition of 3% hypertonic saline has not been studied.

Objective
Compare the effectiveness of adding 0.9% NaCl (N-group) vs. 3% NaCl (H-group) in TFESI performed for lumbosacral radiculopathy.

Methods
This retrospective study compared TFESI performed with lidocaine, triamcinolone and 0.9% NaCl vs. lidocaine, triamcinolone and 3% NaCl. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients who experienced a ≥ 30% reduction in pain on a verbal rating scale (VRS; 0–100) at 3 months. Secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients who improved by at least 30% for pain at 1 and 6 months, and who experienced ≥15% from baseline on the Oswestry disability index (ODI) at follow-up.

Results
The H-group experienced more successful pain outcomes than the N-group at 3 months (59.09% vs. 41.51%; P = .002) but not at 1 month (67.53% vs. 64.78%; P = .61) or 6 months (27.13% vs 21.55%: P = .31). For functional outcome, there was a higher proportion of responders in the H-group than the N-group at 3 months (70.31% vs. 53.46%; P = .002). Female, age ≤ 60 years, and duration of pain ≤ 6 months were associated with superior outcomes at the 3-month endpoint. Although those with a herniated disc experienced better outcomes in general with TFESI, the only difference favoring the H-group was for spondylolisthesis patients.

Conclusions
3% hypertonic saline is a viable alternative to normal saline as an adjunct for TFESI, with randomized studies needed to compare its effectiveness to steroids as a possible alternative.

Registration
Thai Clinical Trials Registry ID TCTR 20231110006
Custom-designed, mass silk production in genetically engineered silkworms
Authors: Yu Ye , Chen Kai , Wang Jingxia , Zhang Zhongjie , Hu Bo , Liu Xiaojing , Lin Zhi , Tan Anjiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Genetically engineered silkworms have been widely used to obtain silk with modified characteristics especially by introducing spider silk genes. However, these attempts are still challenging due to limitations in transformation strategies and difficulties in integration of the large DNA fragments. Here, we describe three different transformation strategies in genetically engineered silkworms, including transcription-activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-mediated fibroin light chain (FibL) fusion (BmFibL-F), TALEN-mediated FibH replacement (BmFibH-R), and transposon-mediated genetic transformation with the silk gland-specific fibroin heavy chain (FibH) promoter (BmFibH-T). As the result, the yields of exogenous silk proteins, a 160 kDa major ampullate spidroin 2 (MaSp2) from the orb-weaving spider Nephila clavipes and a 226 kDa fibroin heavy chain protein (EvFibH) from the bagworm Eumeta variegate, reach 51.02 and 64.13% in BmFibH-R transformed cocoon shells, respectively. Moreover, the presence of MaSp2 or EvFibH significantly enhances the toughness of genetically engineered silk fibers by ∼86% in BmFibH-T and ∼80% in BmFibH-R silkworms, respectively. Structural analysis reveals a substantial ∼40% increase in fiber crystallinity, primarily attributed to the presence of unique polyalanines in the repetitive sequences of MaSp2 or EvFibH. In addition, RNA-seq analysis reveals that BmFibH-R system only causes minor impact on the expression of endogenous genes. Our study thus provides insights into developing custom-designed silk production using the genetically engineered silkworm as the bioreactor.
Self-restraint behavior and partisanship during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence from a list experiment in Japan
Authors: Hata Masaki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdowns were considered a critical measure to control the spread of the virus. While Europe and the United States implemented strict lockdowns that restricted movement, Japan adopted a soft lockdown approach which relied on voluntary compliance without any legal enforcement. As a result, some citizens (especially young people) did not comply with the government’s request for voluntary restraint, and were frequently criticized in the media. To address the question of who did not comply with the government’s soft lockdown and why, this study analyzes a list experiment which measured participation in non-essential activities during Japan’s third COVID-19 wave, when economic stimulus policies and COVID-19 suppression measures were simultaneously implemented. The results showed that in particular young citizens who strongly disliked the ruling party did not comply with the government’s requests to stay at home. It is suggested that during a national crisis, the success of policies based on voluntary cooperation depends on citizens’ pre-crisis levels of trust in the government and the ruling parties.
Parity affects mammary development in late-pregnant swine
Authors: Farmer Chantal , Johannsen Jakob C , Gillies Caroline , Huber Lee-Anne , Hovey Russell C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The goal of this project was to determine whether various measures of mammary development differed between gilts and multiparous sows at the end of gestation. During gestation, Yorkshire × Landrace gilts (n = 19) and sows (second and third gestations, n = 17) were fed one daily meal of a conventional corn-based diet, where the amount fed was based on body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) at mating. On day 110 ± 1 of gestation, a jugular blood sample was obtained from all gilts and sows to measure insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose, free fatty acids, and urea. On that same day, BW and BF were measured and animals were euthanized. Mammary glands from one side of the udder were dissected for compositional analyses. The fifth gland of the contralateral row of mammary glands was sampled for histology and immunohistochemical localization of Ki67. There was less total parenchyma (1,437.4 vs. 2,004.7 ± 127.1 g; P &lt; 0.001) and total extraparenchymal tissue (1,691.0 vs. 2,407.0 ± 125.3 g; P &lt; 0.001) in mammary glands of gilts compared to those from sows. When these values were expressed per kg BW (226.0 and 284.0 ± 2.7 kg for gilts and sows, respectively), parenchymal mass did not differ (P &gt; 0.10), while extraparenchymal tissue weight tended to be less in gilts than sows (P = 0.07). All components within the parenchyma differed by parity (P &lt; 0.001). Specifically, parenchymal tissue from gilts contained a greater proportion of fat and dry matter (DM), a lower proportion of protein, and lower concentrations of DNA (6.59 vs. 9.35 ± 0.53 mg/g DM) and RNA (7.76 vs. 12.33 ± 0.70 mg/g DM) than that from sows. On the other hand, the circumference of alveolar lumens was greater in gilts than sows (P &lt; 0.001), while the percentage of epithelial cells that were positive for Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, was greater in sows than gilts (P &lt; 0.05). Circulating concentrations of IGF-1 were greater in gilts than in multiparous sows (45.0 vs. 27.3 ± 2.8 ng/mL, P &lt; 0.001). None of the other blood variables were changed by parity. Results show a marked effect of parity on mammary gland development in swine. At the end of gestation, the mammary glands of gilts had less parenchyma with lower epithelial proliferation than glands from multiparous sows. These differences could alter the response of mammary tissue to various nutritional or endocrine signals. This information is crucial for the development of management strategies designed to maximize sow milk yield.