bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immigration and Generational Trends in Body Mass Index and Obesity in the United States: Results of the National Latino and Asian American Survey, 2002–2003
Authors: Bates Lisa M. , Acevedo-Garcia Dolores , Alegría Margarita , Krieger Nancy 
Published: November 2007

Objectives. We examined patterns of body mass index (BMI) and obesity among a nationally representative sample of first-, second-, and third-generation Latinos and Asian Americans to reveal associations with nativity or country of origin. Methods. We used data from the National Latino and Asian American Survey (2002–2003) to generate nationally representative estimates of mean BMI and obesity prevalence and explored changes in the distribution of BMI by generational status. Analyses tested the association between generational status and BMI and examined whether this association varied by ethnicity, education, or gender. Results. We found substantial heterogeneity in BMI and obesity by country of origin and an increase in BMI in later generations among most subgroups. The data suggest different patterns for Latinos and Asian Americans in the nature and degree of distributional changes in BMI with generational status in the United States. Conclusions. Generational status is associated with increased BMI and obesity among Latinos and Asian Americans. Aggregate estimates not accounting for nativity and country of origin may mask significant heterogeneity in the prevalence of obesity and patterns of distributional change, with implications for prevention strategies.
Cardiovascular Disease and Global Health Equity
Authors: Bukhman Gene , Kidder Alice 
Published: November 2007

Early 20th-century cardiovascular voluntary organizations in the United States drew strength from the well-established antituberculosis movement. By midcentury, heart disease among the young and tuberculosis had declined in this country. The international fight against tuberculosis has gathered force since the 1990s. Meanwhile, support for international cardiovascular interventions has lagged behind. We trace the divergent path of the international cardiovascular movement and suggest ways in which it could once again learn from the trials and achievements of tuberculosis control.
Phonological impairment in dyslexic children with and without early speech‐language disorder
Authors: Plaza Monique 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study examines phonological awareness in a group of 10 dyslexic children, compared with two groups of children (a reading‐equivalent control group and a group of beginning readers). Five of the dyslexic children exhibited an early speech‐language impairment, and five others were not language‐impaired. The experimental design consisted of a set of 10 tasks involving sensitivity to phonological strings, phonetic identification, and phoneme segmentation and manipulation. The major findings reveal that (a) the two subgroups of dyslexic children exhibit a metalinguistic impairment and (b) dyslexic children with speech‐language impairment exhibit (besides metalinguistic impairment) a deficit concerning early precursors of the phonological awareness (rhyme and syllables). These findings provide additional support for including speech‐language impairment as an operational criterion within the heterogeneous group of dyslexic children.L'étude la sensibilisation phonologique au sein d'un groupe de dix enfants dyslexiques que Von compare à deux groupes d'enfants (un groupe témoin équivalent du point de vue de la lecture, et un groupe de debutants en lecture). Cinq des enfants dyslexiques révélaient une déficience précoce du langage et de la parole tandis que cinq autres étaient normaux de ce point de vue. L'étude expérimentale a consisté en une série de dix taches faisant appel à la sensibilisation aux séquences phonologiques, à l'identification phonétique, et à la segmentation et à la manipulation de phonèmes. Les résultats principaux révèlent que (a) les deux sous‐groupes d'enfants dyslexiques souffrent de déficience métalinguistique; (b) les enfants dyslexiques avec une déficience du langage et de la parole ont de la sensibilisation phonologique (rimes et syllabes). Ces résultats renforcent l'argument en faveur d'une inclusion de la déficience de la langue et de la parole en tant que critère opérationnel au sein du groupe hétérogène des enfants dyslexiques.In dieser Studie wird das phonologische Bewuβtsein in einer Gruppe von 10 dyslexischen Kindern im Vergleich zu zwei weiteren Gruppen untersucht (einer nach Leseäquivalenz zusammengesetzten Kontrollgruppe und einer Gruppe von Leseanfängern). Fünf der dyslexischen Kinder wiesen eine frühe Sprech‐Sprachstörung auf; die anderen fünf hatten keine Sprachstörung. Das Experiment enthielt 10 Aufgaben, die mit dem Gefühl für phonologische Sequenzen, mit phonetischer Identifikation und mit Phonemtrennung und ‐umstellung zu tun hatten. Die Hauptergebnisse zeigen, daβ (a) beide Untergruppen der dyslexischen Kinder eine metalinguistische Störung aufweisen; (b) sprech‐sprachgestörte dyslexische Kinder neben der metalinguistischen Störung einen Mangel im vorphonologischen Bewuβtsein (Rheim und Silben) zeigen. Dieser Befund gibt weitere Gründe für die Hinzunahme von Sprech‐Sprachstörungen zu den operationellen Kriterien bei der heterogenen Gruppe dyslexischer Kinder.
In Depth: Inscribing the Indian Landscape
Authors: Mathur Anuradha , Cunha Dilip da 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhen India was colonised by the British in the 18th and 19th centuries, it was systematically surveyed and delineated in map form for administrative and political purposes. Here, Anuradha Mathur and Dilip da Cunha urge a new, ‘deeper’ reading of the landscape that fully acknowledges the multiple uses and potential initiations of public spaces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Forming Climatic Change
Authors: Hardy Steve , Gaiser Werner 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Architectural Association in London is renowned for its unique unit structure in which avant‐garde research and design strategies are incubated and hatched. In a new series edited by Michael Weinstock, Academic Head at the AA, the activities of the units are brought under the spotlight. ‘Unit Factor’ kicks off with an account by Steve Hardy and Werner Gaiser of the Environments, Ecology and Sustainability research cluster they lead. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Guanidinoneomycin B Recognition of an HIV‐1 RNA Helix
Authors: Staple David W. , Venditti Vincenzo , Niccolai Neri , Elson‐Schwab Lev , Tor Yitzhak , Butcher Samuel E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAminoglycoside antibiotics are small‐molecule drugs that bind RNA. The affinity and specificity of aminoglycoside binding to RNA can be increased through chemical modification, such as guanidinylation. Here, we report the binding of guanidinoneomycin B (GNB) to an RNA helix from the HIV‐1 frameshift site. The binding of GNB increases the melting temperature (Tm) of the frameshift‐site RNA by at least 10 °C, to a point at which a melting transition is not even observed in 2 M urea. A structure of the complex was obtained by using multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopic methods. We also used a novel paramagnetic‐probe assay to identify the site of GNB binding to the surface of the RNA. GNB makes major‐groove contacts to two sets of Watson–Crick bases and is in van der Waals contact with a highly structured ACAA tetraloop. Rings I and II of GNB fit into the major groove and form the binding interface with the RNA, whereas rings III and IV are exposed to the solvent and disordered. The binding of GNB causes a broadening of the major groove across the binding site.
Effect of CuIIon the Complex between Kanamycin A and the Bacterial Ribosomal A Site
Authors: Balenci Duccio , Bernardi Francesca , Cellai Luciano , D'Amelio Nicola , Gaggelli Elena , Gaggelli Nicola , Molteni Elena , Valensin Gianni 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe solution structure of kanamycin A interacting with a ribosomal A‐site fragment was solved by transferred‐NOE techniques and found to agree with the structure of the complex observed in the crystal. Despite the fast exchange conditions found for the interaction, the bound form was identified by NOESY spectroscopy. At 600 MHz, NOE effects are only observed for the RNA‐associated antibiotic. Dissociation constants were measured by NMR spectroscopy for two sites of interaction (Kd1=150±40 μM;Kd2=360±50 μM). Furthermore, the effects of the CuIIion on the antibiotic, on the RNA fragment that mimics the bacterial ribosomal A site, and on the complex formed between these two entities were analyzed. The study led to the proposal of a model that localizes the copper ion within the kanamycin–RNA complex.
Thermally Responsive Supramolecular Nanomeshes for On/Off Switching of the Rotary Motion of F1‐ATPase at the Single‐Molecule Level
Authors: Yamaguchi Satoshi , Matsumoto Shinji , Ishizuka Koji , Iko Yuko , Tabata Kazuhito V. , Arata Hideyuki F. , Fujita Hiroyuki , Noji Hiroyuki , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe artificial regulation of protein functions is essential for the realization of protein‐based soft devices, because of their unique functions conducted within a nano‐sized molecular space. We report that self‐assembled nanomeshes comprising heat‐responsive supramolecular hydrogel fibers can control the rotary motion of an enzyme‐based biomotor (F1‐ATPase) in an on/off manner at the single‐molecule level. Direct observation of the interaction of the supramolecular fibers with a microbead unit tethered to the F1‐ATPase and the clear threshold in the size of the bead required to stop ATPase rotation indicates that the bead was physically blocked so as to stop the rotary motion of ATPase. The temperature‐induced formation and collapse of the supramolecular nanomesh can produce or destroy, respectively, the physical obstacle for ATPase so as to control the ATPase motion in an off/on manner. Furthermore, this switching of the F1‐ATPase motion could be spatially restricted by using a microheating device. The integration of biomolecules and hard materials, interfaced with intelligent soft materials such as supramolecular hydrogels, is promising for the development of novel semi‐synthetic nano‐biodevices.
Three‐dimensional FE model for fiber interaction effects during microbuckling in composites with isotropic and anisotropic fibers
Authors: Lapusta Y. , Harich J. , Wagner W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA three‐dimensional finite element model is proposed for the fiber interaction effects during fiber microbuckling in fiber‐reinforced composites. The model considers an elastic matrix reinforced by a periodic fiber series subjected to compression in axial direction. It accounts for the distinct difference in mechanical properties of the reinforcement and the matrix, as well as for the spatial problem character at the fiber–matrix scale. Perfect bonding at the fiber–matrix interfaces and the periodicity of the buckled system in the plane of fibers (in‐plane microbuckling) are assumed. For comparison purposes, a dilute approximation model dealing with a single fiber in a matrix is presented as well. An eigenvalue analysis of the considered systems fiber–matrix is performed. Calculations are carried out for the cases of both isotropic and transversal isotropic fibers in elastic isotropic matrices. Results show that the fiber interaction results in a significant increase in the buckling wavelength and in an important decrease in the critical shortening. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extending the Light‐Harvesting Properties of Transition‐Metal Dendrimers
Authors: Larsen Jane , Puntoriero Fausto , Pascher Torbjörn , McClenaghan Nathan , Campagna Sebastiano , Åkesson Eva , Sundström Villy 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe report a study of the electronic energy‐transfer dynamics within the transition‐metal polypyridine complex OsRu3pyr6 (Os[(dpp)Ru(bpy{pyrene})2]38+, where dpp=2,3‐bis(2′‐pyridyl)pyrazine and bpy=2,2′‐bipyridine) after excitation with UV light. By using a broadband visible femtosecond probe, we are able to simultaneously detect both the energy transfer from the peripheral aromatic ligands to the Os center and the sub‐picosecond energy transfer from the initially excited Ru–bpy ligand‐centered state to the Os triplet metal‐to‐ligand charge‐transfer (MLCT) state. Pyrene energy transfer occurs from both the nonrelaxed and the relaxed S1 states on timescales of 6 and 45 ps, respectively. In both cases, the energy transfer is described by means of Förster energy transfer theory. Sub‐picosecond energy transfer within the OsRu3 metal–ligand core most likely includes a direct energy transfer between the higher‐lying ligand‐centered states on Ru and Os, in addition to the transfer between the MLCT states. The absorption cross‐sections in both the UV and the visible spectral regions are enhanced by attaching the aromatic pyrene ligands. Furthermore, energy transfer is directed only towards the Os core, which ultimately leads to an exclusive population of the Os‐based triplet MLCT state, thus making the OsRu3pyr6 transition metal–polypyridine dendrimer an obvious candidate for artificial light‐harvesting systems.
Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Aromatic Amines to N‐Alkenoyloxazolidinones Catalyzed by Iodido(binaphtholato)samarium
Authors: Reboule Iréna , Gil Richard , Collin Jacqueline 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIodido(binaphtholato)samarium catalyzes the Michael addition of aromatic amines to N‐alkenoyloxazolidinones affording β‐amino acid derivatives with enantiomeric excesses of up to 88 %. A study of the effect of temperature on the asymmetric induction revealed an isoinversion in two reactions. The observation of a non‐linear effect suggests an equilibrium between several active species including dimers.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Electrokinetic‐based injection modes for separative microsystems
Authors: Blas Maximilien , Delaunay Nathalie , Rocca Jean‐Louis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMiniaturization of analytical instruments has attracted a wide interest in Analytical Chemistry over the past decade because of the advantages such as reduced reagent consumption and shorter analysis time. For chips involving separation, injection is a key step to achieve efficient and sensitive analysis. Electrokinetic injection mode is mostly used in chips because it is easier to generate flow motion in microsystems via electric potential control at channel extremities than pressure‐driven flow. The injection step usually involves several intersecting channels. For each injection design, different injection modes can be done, depending on electric field sequences and distributions. This paper is an up‐to‐date review of these different modes on a chip.
Trends in analysis of explosives by microchip electrophoresis and conventional CE
Authors: Pumera Martin 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe continuous upsurge in terrorist activity has generated tremendous demand for innovative tools capable of detecting nitrated organic, inorganic, and peroxide‐based explosives. This article directly extends the previous exhaustive review (Electrophoresis 2006, 27, 244–256) and overviews the research activity in the field of microchip and conventional capillary electrophoresis for analysis of a variety of explosive compounds and mixtures in the past two years (middle 2005–middle 2007), with the focus on world‐to‐chip interfaces and detection techniques.
Recent advances in CE and CEC of pollutants
Authors: Dabek‐Zlotorzynska Ewa , Celo Valbona , Yassine Mahmoud M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecent advances in CE and CEC separation, detection and sample preparation/preconcentration methodologies, for the determination of a variety of compounds having current or potential environmental relevance, have been overviewed. The reviewed literature has illustrated the wide range of CE applications available, indicating a continuing interest in CE and CEC in the environmental field. New developments in chip‐based CE systems are also discussed.
Recent advances in the applications of CE to forensic sciences (2005–2007)
Authors: Tagliaro Franco , Bortolotti Federica 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe present article reviews the applications of CE in forensic science covering the period from 2005 until the first part of 2007. The overview includes the most relevant examples of analytical applications of capillary electrophoretic and electrokinetic techniques in the following fields: (i) forensic drugs, toxicants and dyes, (ii) small ions of forensic interest (iii) explosives, (iv) forensic DNA, and (v) other biopolymers of forensic interest.
The relationship between satisfaction with workplace training and overall job satisfaction
Authors: Schmidt Steven W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractOpportunities for training and development are paramount in decisions regarding employee career choices. Despite the importance, many research studies on job satisfaction do not address satisfaction with workplace training as an element of overall job satisfaction, and many job satisfaction survey instruments do not include a “satisfaction with workplace training” component. This study examined the relationship between satisfaction with employer‐provided workplace training and overall job satisfaction of customer contact representatives. A significant relationship was found between job training satisfaction and overall job satisfaction. Components of job training, including time spent in training, training methodologies, and content, were determined to be significant in their relationship to job training satisfaction, and trainees were significantly more satisfied with the training they received when the methodology employed was their preferred one. On the basis of these findings, conclusions were drawn and recommendations for researchers and practitioners in the field of HRD were made.
Tissue factor expression correlates with disease‐specific survival in patients with node‐negative muscle‐invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Patry Geneviève , Hovington Hélène , Larue Hélène , Harel François , Fradet Yves , Lacombe Louis 
Published: November 2007

AbstractTissue factor (TF), a transmembrane glycoprotein responsible for initiating the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation plays a key role in cancer growth, metastasis and angiogenesis. Various studies have demonstrated the prognostic potential of TF expression in several cancers. However, its role in bladder cancer is unclear. This study evaluated the prognostic potential of TF expression in muscle‐invasive bladder tumors from patients treated with radical cystectomies. Immunohistochemical staining using a monoclonal antibody (mAb) anti‐TF was carried out on sections of tissue microarray blocks containing cores of muscle‐invasive bladder tumors (4 cores/tumor) from 218 patients. The intensity of the staining was evaluated on a scale from 0 to 3 by two independent observers who were both unaware of the clinicopathological characteristics of the samples. TF was expressed in 77.6% of tumors, independently from baseline characteristics (age, gender, stage and grade) as assessed using the χ2 and Student t tests. During follow‐up (median: 2.6 years), 45.4% of the patients died from the progression of their cancer. Kaplan–Meier survival showed that among the 103 patients with node‐negative (N0) transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), those with TF‐positive tumors had shorter bladder cancer‐specific survival (p = 0.0276). Moreover, multivariate Cox regression analysis showed they had a 3.15‐fold greater risk of dying from bladder cancer (95% CI: 1.1–9.0; p = 0.032). In conclusion, TF expression was an independent predictor of disease‐specific survival in N0 muscle‐invasive TCCs treated by radical cystectomy and therefore, might help identify patients at higher risk of disease progression. These patients could potentially benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The expression of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase is up‐regulated in 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine‐induced colon tumours in rats
Authors: Marzocchini Riccardo , Malentacchi Francesca , Biagini Massimiliano , Cirelli Domenico , Luceri Cristina , Caderni Giovanna , Raugei Giovanni 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRecent studies have assessed the role of low molecular weight protein tyrosine phosphatase (LMW‐PTP) in cell transformation and tumour onset and progression, observing a significant increase in the expression of LMW‐PTP mRNA and protein in human breast, colon, bladder and kidney tumour samples. Moreover, its enhanced expression is generally prognostic of a more aggressive cancer. To better understand the role of this protein during colon carcinogenesis and to study whether its overexpression is also observed in earlier phases of carcinogenesis, we studied its expression in colon tumours, induced in rats by treatment with 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine (DMH), an animal model that resemble the sequential formation of histopathological lesions of spontaneous carcinogenesis in humans. The results show a significant increase in LMW‐PTP expression in adenocarcinomas, suggesting that this phenomenon is associated with the onset of malignancy. Moreover a significant overexpression of LMW‐PTP transcript is associated with tumours originating in the proximal (right) part of the colon, confirming an observation already reported for human colon cancer. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ Raman study to monitor bioactive glasses reactivity
Authors: Bonino Francesca , Damin Alessandro , Aina Valentina , Miola Marta , Vernè Enrica , Bretcanu Oana , Bordiga Silvia , Zecchina Adriano , Morterra Claudio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis work, by means of Raman spectroscopy, studies the vibrational modifications of a silica‐based sol‐gel bioactive glass (77S) in direct contact with a simple TRIS‐buffered solution. The novelty of this contribution with respect to similar previous works consists in the adoption of an in situ setup, designed to avoid all kinds of external contamination. The time‐dependent formation of the characteristic vibrational features of surface hydroxy‐carbonate apatite (HCA) is evidenced, and followed as a function of contact time. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recent Advances in linear and nonlinear Raman spectroscopy I
Authors: Kiefer W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractRaman spectroscopy has advanced considerably in the last several years due to rapid developments in instrumentation and the availability of theoretical methods for accurate calculation of Raman spectra, thus enormously facilitating the interpretation of Raman data. This review is restricted to cover papers mainly published in the Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, which serve to give a fast overview of recent advances in this research field as well as to provide readers of this journal a quick introduction to the various subfields of Raman spectroscopy. It also reflects the current research interests of the Raman community. Similar reviews of highly active areas of Raman spectroscopy will appear in future issues of this journal. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.