bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Earlier ice melt increases hypolimnetic oxygen despite regional warming in small Arctic lakes
Authors: Hazuková Václava , Burpee Benjamin T. , Northington Robert M. , Anderson N. John , Saros Jasmine E. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAlthough trends toward earlier ice‐out have been documented globally, the links between ice‐out timing and lake thermal and biogeochemical structure vary spatially. In high‐latitude lakes where ice‐out occurs close to peak intensity of solar radiation, these links remain unclear. Using a long‐term dataset from 13 lakes in West Greenland, we investigated how changing ice‐out and weather conditions affect lake thermal structure and oxygen concentrations. In early ice‐out years, lakes reach higher temperatures across the water column and have deeper epilimnia. Summer hypolimnia are the warmest (~ 11°C) in years when cooler air temperatures follow early ice‐out, allowing full lake turnover. Due to the higher potential for substantive spring mixing in early ice‐out years, a warmer hypolimnion is associated with higher dissolved oxygen concentrations. By affecting variability in spring mixing, the consequences of shifts in ice phenology for lakes at high latitudes differ from expectations based on temperate regions.
Surface Acoustic Microwave Photonic Filters on Etchless Lithium Niobate Integrated Platform
Authors: Yu Yue , Sun Xiankai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractLithium niobate on insulator emerges as a promising platform for integrated microwave photonics because of its capability of ultralow‐loss guidance and high‐efficiency modulation of light. Chip‐level integration of microwave filters is important for signal processing in the 5G/6G wireless communication. Here, by employing bound states in the continuum for low‐loss waveguiding, high‐performance microwave photonic filters are realized on an etchless lithium niobate integrated platform. These microwave photonic filters consist of a high‐quality photonic microcavity modulated by piezoelectrically excited surface acoustic waves. Acoustic time delays from 21 to 106 ns and passbands with bandwidth as narrow as 0.89 MHz are achieved in the fabricated filters operating at gigahertz frequencies. This demonstration may open up new applications on the lithium niobate integrated platform, such as optical communication, signal processing, and beam steering.
Real versus accounting earnings management: The effect of performance measure timing constraints
Authors: Krapp Michael , Schultze Wolfgang , Weiler Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe study the influence of stricter rules for determining performance measures for compensation contracts on managers' choice between real and accounting earnings management. Constraints, like accounting regulation or corporate governance, limit managers' influence on performance measures. We find that tighter constraints intensify real earnings manipulation, because they reduce incentives for managers to supply effort on investment activities. In turn, discretion allows managers to anticipate future benefits of investment and reduces real earnings management. The results hold when contracts include forward‐looking information and suggest that constraints on managers' influence on performance measures drive the choice between accounting and real earnings management.
Research on the competitive landscape of global rare earth resources demand
Authors: Guo Qing , Guo Tianyue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRare earth elements play a crucial role in modern industrial development. However, the global supply and demand dynamics of rare earth resources have encountered significant challenges due to the escalating conflict between rapidly increasing demand and limited supply in the international market. This study utilizes a gray prediction model to project the future demand of major rare earth‐consuming countries and examines the competitive landscape of global rare earth resource demand. The findings indicate that: (1) China's rare earth consumption is expected to continue its upward trend, while the consumption in the United States and Japan may decline; (2) China, the United States, and Japan are likely to maintain their positions as major consumers of rare earth elements, although the competition for rare earth resources among these countries may weaken; (3) the United States and Japan heavily rely on the import of rare earth upstream products, while China's reliance on midstream and downstream imports remains prominent. Finally, based on these research conclusions, the article presents corresponding policy recommendations.
Clinical application value of pre‐pregnancy carrier screening in Chinese Han childbearing population
Authors: Tan Li , Qi Yuefan , Zhao Peijuan , Cheng LanLan , Yu Guo , Zhao Dongmei , Song Yu Xia , Xiang Yun Gai 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo explore the clinical application value of pre‐conception expanded carrier screening (PECS) in the Chinese Han ethnicity population of childbearing age.MethodsThe results of genetic testing of infertile parents who underwent PECS in the Reproductive Medicine Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, China, from September 2019 to December 2021, were retrospectively analyzed. The carrier rate of single gene disease, the detection rate of high‐risk parents, and the clinical outcome of high‐risk parents were statistically analyzed.ResultsA total of 1372 Chinese Han ethnicity patients underwent PECS, among which 458 patients underwent the extended 108‐gene test, their overall carrier rate was 31.7%, and the detection rate of high‐risk parents was 0.3%. The highest carrier rates were SLC22A (2.4%), ATP7B (2.4%), MMACHC (2.2%), PAH (1.8%), GALC (1.8%), MLC1 (1.3%), UNC13D (1.1%), CAPN3 (1.1%), and PKHD1 (1.1%). There were 488 women with fragile X syndrome—FMR1 gene detection, and 6 patients (1.2%) had FMR1 gene mutation. A total of 426 patients were screened for spinal muscular atrophy—SMN1, and the carrier rate was 3.5%, and the detection rate of parents' co‐carrier was 0.5%.ConclusionMonogenic recessive hereditary diseases had a high carrier rate in the population. Pre‐pregnancy screening could provide good prenatal and postnatal care guidance for patients and preimplantation genetic testing for monogenic/single gene disorders (PGT‐M) and prenatal diagnosis could provide more precise reproductive choices for high‐risk parents.
A wide angle phase‐frequency scanning linear array composed of leaky‐wave antenna
Authors: Xu Junqing , Xia Yulong , Zhu Qi 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere, a wide‐angle phase‐frequency scanning linear array composed of leaky‐wave antennas (LWAs) is proposed. The unit cell of the proposed LWA element consists of microstrip lines and grounded vias. By increasing the scanning rate based on theoretical analysis, wide scanning range with low gain fluctuation of the LWA element is achieved. For gain enhancement, the LWAs are arranged along their length to form a linear array. A method combining theoretical derivation and numerical calculation is used to obtain a high efficiency and low sidelobe level (SLL) of the array. To verify the design method, a linear LWA array is designed, fabricated and measured. The main beam of the LWA array can scan from to in frequency band of 9.3–11.6 GHz with gain fluctuation less than 2 dB and SLL less than  dB. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results.
A dual‐wideband 5G antenna with dual polarization in the sub‐6 GHz band and 2 × 2 MIMO function in the 28‐GHz band
Authors: Gui Weikang , Jin Huayan , Wang Wenlei , Chin Kuo‐Sheng , Luo Guo Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA novel aperture‐shared dual‐wideband 5G antenna with dual polarization in the sub‐6 GHz band and multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) function in the 28‐GHz band is presented in this work. A dual‐polarized megnetoelectric dipole (ME‐dipole) with wide bandwidth is introduced in the sub‐6 GHz band. Based on the partial structure reuse method, four 2 × 2 substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity‐backed patch arrays are integrated into the electric dipole structure of the ME‐dipole to construct a 28‐GHz 2 × 2 MIMO system. Two high‐order SIW cavity modes that cooperate with patch modes are used to enhance bandwidth in the 28‐GHz band. For demonstration, a prototype of the proposed antenna was fabricated and measured. The simulated results are in good agreement with the measured results, showing wide bandwidths of 39.6% and 10.85% in the sub‐6 GHz and the 28‐GHz bands, respectively. In addition, excellent measured in‐band and cross‐band isolations of over 44.4 dB and 45.2 dB are obtained, respectively.
Double saddle‐point preconditioning for Krylov methods in the inexact sequential homotopy method
Authors: Pearson John W. , Potschka Andreas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe derive an extension of the sequential homotopy method that allows for the application of inexact solvers for the linear (double) saddle‐point systems arising in the local semismooth Newton method for the homotopy subproblems. For the class of problems that exhibit (after suitable partitioning of the variables) a zero in the off‐diagonal blocks of the Hessian of the Lagrangian, we propose and analyze an efficient, parallelizable, symmetric positive definite preconditioner based on a double Schur complement approach. For discretized optimal control problems with PDE constraints, this structure is often present with the canonical partitioning of the variables in states and controls. We conclude with numerical results for a badly conditioned and highly nonlinear benchmark optimization problem with elliptic partial differential equations and control bounds. The resulting method allows for the parallel solution of large 3D problems.
Asymptotic homogenization of phase‐field fracture model: An efficient multiscale finite element framework for anisotropic fracture
Authors: Ma Pu‐Song , Liu Xing‐Cheng , Luo Xue‐Ling , Li Shaofan , Zhang Lu‐Wen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe intractable multiscale constitutives and the high computational cost in direct numerical simulations are the bottlenecks in fracture analysis of heterogeneous materials. In an attempt to achieve a balance between accuracy and efficiency, we propose a mathematically rigorous phase‐field model for multiscale fracture. Leveraging the phase‐field theory, the difficulty of discrete‐continuous coupling in conventional cross‐scale crack propagation analysis is resolved by constructing a continuum description of the crack. Based on the asymptotic expansion, an equivalent two‐field coupled boundary‐value problem is well‐defined, from which we rigorously derive the macroscopic equivalent parameters, including the equivalent elasticity tensor and the equivalent fracture toughness tensor. In our approach, both the displacement field and the phase‐field are simultaneously expanded, allowing us to obtain a fracture toughness tensor with diagonal elements of the corresponding matrix controlling anisotropic fracture behavior and non‐diagonal elements governing crack deflection. This enables multiscale finite element homogenization procedure to accurately reproduce microstructural information, and capture the crack deflection angle in anisotropic materials without any a priori knowledge. From the numerical results, the proposed multiscale phase‐field method demonstrates a significant reduction in computation time with respect to full‐field simulations. Moreover, the method accurately reproduces physical consistent anisotropic fracture of non‐centrosymmetric porous media, and the experimentally consistent damage response of fiber‐reinforced composites. This work fuses well‐established mathematical homogenization theory with the cutting‐edge fracture phase‐field method, sparking a fresh perspective for the fracture of heterogeneous media.
Existence and optimal control results for Caputo fractional delay Clark's subdifferential inclusions of order r∈(1,2) with sectorial operators
Authors: Mohan Raja Marimuthu , Vijayakumar Velusamy , Veluvolu Kalyana Chakravarthy , Shukla Anurag , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn this study, we investigate the effect of Clarke's subdifferential type on the optimal control results for fractional differential systems of order with delay. The main findings of this study are tested by using multivalued functions, sectorial operators, fractional derivatives, and the fixed point theorem. To begin, the existence of mild solutions is established and verified primarily by using a very well multivalued fixed point theorem and the characteristics of generalized Clarke subdifferential problems. Furthermore, we get a finding on the existence of optimal control for the presented control system under particular reasonable conditions. After that, we will move on to the time optimal control results for the given system. Finally, an example for drawing the theory behind the main conclusions is shown.
In‐plane compressive properties and failure mechanisms of modified three‐dimensional multi‐axial warp knitted fabrics reinforced composites at different temperatures
Authors: Wang Xu , Zuo Hong‐mei , Zou LiHua , Wang Hongjie , Wang He , Gao Min , Yin Hao , Ruan Fangtao , Xu Zhenzhen , Li Diansen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThree‐dimensional multi‐axial warp knitted (3D MWK) reinforced composites are important components of advanced structural composites. The interfacial bonding between fiber and matrix is key to achieving high mechanical properties. In this work, graphene oxide (GO) and poly(oxypropylene) diamines (D400) were grafted on glass fiber (GF) multi‐axial warp knitted (MWK) fabrics to construct a “flexible‐rigid” structure. The surface morphologies of GF were characterized by SEM and EDS. Then, 3D MWK‐reinforced composites were prepared based on four kinds of modified fabrics using the VARTM method. The in‐plane compression properties were obtained at different high temperatures and their failure modes were analyzed. The strain–stress curves showed that the composites exhibited brittle fracture modes. D400 and GO‐modified multi‐scale composites exhibited outstanding compression properties. The strength of the related composited was improved by 55.78%, 76.78%, 52.19%, and 56.78% compared to that of desized composite at 30°C, 60°C, 120°C and 150°C, respectively. The damage to D400‐GO modified and D400 modified composites was the most serious, where shear fracture modes were obvious in addition to layer debonding features. This protocol provides a potential strategy to manufacture of D400 and GO‐modified hierarchical reinforced composites.Highlights
The modified 3D MWK glass fabrics based on poly(oxypropylene) diamines (D400) and graphene oxide (GO) were prepared.
The compressive properties of 3D desized, D400‐, D400‐GO‐, and GO‐MWK fabrics reinforced epoxy composites were obtained and analyzed at different temperatures of 30°C, 60°C, 120°C, and 150°C.
The failure mechanisms of 3D desized, D400‐, D400‐GO‐, and GO‐MWK fabrics reinforced epoxy composites at different temperatures were analyzed.
Larval density‐dependent mortality of western corn rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in Bt and non‐Bt maize and implications on dose calculations†
Authors: McCulloch John B , Gassmann Aaron J 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDTransgenic crops producing insecticidal toxins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have been used to manage insect pests for nearly 30 years. Dose of a Bt crop is key to assessing the risk of resistance evolution because it affects the heritability of resistance traits. Western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte), a major pest of maize, has evolved resistance to all commercially available Bt traits targeting it, and threatens resistance to future transgenic traits. Past research shows the dose of Bt maize targeting western corn rootworm can be confounded by larval density‐dependent mortality. We conducted a 2‐year field study at two locations to quantify larval density‐dependent mortality in Bt and non‐Bt maize. We used these results to calculate dose for our method and compared it to three previously published methods. Additionally, adult emergence and root injury were analyzed for predicting initial egg density.RESULTSIncreased pest density caused greater proportions of larvae to die in Bt maize than in non‐Bt maize. All methods for calculating dose produced values less than high‐dose, and stochastic variation had the greatest impact on dose at high and low pest densities. Our method for calculating dose did not produce values positively correlated with pest density while the three other methods did.CONCLUSIONTo achieve the most accurate calculation of dose for transgenic maize targeting western corn rootworm, density‐dependent mortality should be taken into account for both transgenic and non‐transgenic maize and assessed at moderate pest densities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Development of an on‐site diagnostic LAMP assay for rapid differentiation of the invasive pest Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) using insect tissues
Authors: Yang Li‐Feng , Liu Ya‐Ge , Tao Yun‐Li , Zhang Wan‐Min , Li Jian‐Yong , Chi Sheng‐Qi , Zhang Gui‐Fen , Chu Dong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBACKGROUNDThe tomato leafminer, Phthorimaea absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a destructive invasive pest that originated in South America and has spread within China since 2017. A rapid method for on‐site identification of P. absoluta is urgently needed for interception of this pest across China.RESULTSWe developed a loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique to differentiate P. absoluta from Liriomyza sativae, Chromatomyia horticola, and Phthorimaea operculella using extracted genomic DNA, which was then refined to create an on‐site LAMP diagnostic method that can be performed under field conditions without the need for laboratory equipment.CONCLUSIONIn the present research, we developed an on‐site diagnostic method for rapid differentiation of P. absoluta from other insects with similar morphology or damage characteristics in China. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Cardiac effort and 6‐min walk distance correlate with stroke volume measured by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Lachant Daniel J. , Lachant Michael D. , Haight Deborah , White R. James 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRight ventricular (RV) dysfunction in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with poor outcomes. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is the gold standard for volumetric assessment, and few reports have correlated 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) and cMRI parameters in PAH. Cardiac Effort, (the number of heart beats used during 6‐min walk test)/(6MWD), incorporates physiologic changes into walk distance and has been associated with stroke volume (SV) measured by nuclear imaging and indirect Fick. Here, we aimed to interrogate the relationship of Cardiac Effort and 6MWD with SV measured by the gold standard, cMRI. This was a single‐center, observational, prospective study in Group 1 PAH patients. Subjects completed 6‐min walk with heart rate monitoring (Cardiac Effort) and cMRI within 24 h. cMRI was correlated to Cardiac Effort and 6MWD using Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Twenty‐five participants with a wide range of RV function completed both cMRI and Cardiac Effort. There was a strong correlation between left ventricle SV index and both Cardiac Effort (r = −0.70, p = 0.0001) and 6MWD (r = 0.67, p = 0.0002). Cardiac Effort and 6MWD were statistically separated in patients at prognostically significant thresholds of left ventricle SV index (>31 ml/m2), RV Ejection Fraction (>35%), and SV/End Systolic Volume ( > 0.53). Cardiac Effort and 6MWD are noninvasive ways to gain insight into those with impaired SV. 6MWD may correlate better with SV than previously thought and heart rate monitoring provides physiologic context to the walk distance obtained.
Equitable and sustainable well‐being indicators: A study of Italian regional disparities towards sustainable development
Authors: D'Adamo Idiano , Di Carlo Cristina , Gastaldi Massimo , Uricchio Antonio Felice 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSustainable development serves as a guiding principle for societies aiming to progress beyond purely economic measures of well‐being. This paper constructs a composite indicator based on the framework of equitable and sustainable Well‐being (BES), integrating 105 indicators for Italian regions over the period 2018–2022. The results show that the provinces of Bolzano and Trento led the ranking. Regionally, those in the north scored highest in 2022 (0.603), followed by those in the central region (0.556) and south (0.404). Disaggregated data on the 12 BES dimensions highlighted specific areas for policy intervention. The results advocate for a pragmatic, non‐ideological approach to sustainability, asserting that Italy's competitive advantage (i.e., the “Made in Italy” program) is not contingent on territorial differences, but on provinces' relative ability to leverage and integrate their unique attributes on a global scale.
Assessing efficacy in non‐inferiority trials with non‐adherence to interventions: Are intention‐to‐treat and per‐protocol analyses fit for purpose?
Authors: Dodd Matthew , Carpenter James , Thompson Jennifer A. , Williamson Elizabeth , Fielding Katherine , Elbourne Diana 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundNon‐inferiority trials comparing different active drugs are often subject to treatment non‐adherence. Intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses have been advocated in such studies but are not guaranteed to be unbiased in the presence of differential non‐adherence.MethodsThe REMoxTB trial evaluated two 4‐month experimental regimens compared with a 6‐month control regimen for newly diagnosed drug‐susceptible TB. The primary endpoint was a composite unfavorable outcome of treatment failure or recurrence within 18 months post‐randomization. We conducted a simulation study based on REMoxTB to assess the performance of statistical methods for handling non‐adherence in non‐inferiority trials, including: ITT and PP analyses, adjustment for observed adherence, multiple imputation (MI) of outcomes, inverse‐probability‐of‐treatment weighting (IPTW), and a doubly‐robust (DR) estimator.ResultsWhen non‐adherence differed between trial arms, ITT, and PP analyses often resulted in non‐trivial bias in the estimated treatment effect, which consequently under‐ or over‐inflated the type I error rate. Adjustment for observed adherence led to similar issues, whereas the MI, IPTW and DR approaches were able to correct bias under most non‐adherence scenarios; they could not always eliminate bias entirely in the presence of unobserved confounding. The IPTW and DR methods were generally unbiased and maintained desired type I error rates and statistical power.ConclusionsWhen non‐adherence differs between trial arms, ITT and PP analyses can produce biased estimates of efficacy, potentially leading to the acceptance of inferior treatments or efficacious regimens being missed. IPTW and the DR estimator are relatively straightforward methods to supplement ITT and PP approaches.