bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
When drugs and surgery don’t work
Authors: Cascino Gregory D. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryEpilepsy is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent and unprovoked seizures (Dreifuss, 1987; Hauser & Hesdorffer, 1990). It is one of the most common neurologic disorders in the adult. The lifetime risk of developing epilepsy is 3.2% (Mattson, 1992). Approximately 90% of the incident cases in adults have symptomatic partial or localization‐related epilepsy (Camfield & Camfield, 1996; Hauser & Hesdorffer, 1990; Hauser, 1992). The medial temporal lobe is the most epileptogenic region of the brain (Luby et al., 1995; Jeong et al., 1999; Wiebe et al., 2001). Pathologic lesions underlying the epileptogenic zone include mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS), tumor, vascular anomaly, malformations of cortical development (MCDs), and head trauma (Cascino et al., 1993; Radhakrishnan et al., 1998). The initial response to medication is of prognostic importance (Hauser, 1992). Patients with a remote symptomatic neurologic disease, foreign‐tissue lesion, developmental delay, or abnormal neurologic examination are less likely to be rendered seizure‐free. The goals of treatment are to render the individual seizure‐free without producing antiepileptic drug (AED) toxicity, allowing the individual to become a participating and productive member of society (Engel & Ojemann, 1993). Despite the introduction of “newer” AEDs, nearly one‐half of patients with partial epilepsy will not attain a seizure remission with pharmacotherapy (Kwan & Brodie, 2003). This discussion focuses on management of the adult patient with intractable partial seizure disorders that are medically refractory and may not be surgically remediable. It is estimated that 400,000 of the 2 million individuals with partial epilepsy in the United States have a medically refractory partial seizure disorder (Hauser & Hesdorffer, 1990; Hauser, 1992). An estimated 1,500 patients in the United States undergo epilepsy surgery each year. A UK study indicated that 30,000 patients develop epilepsy each year and approximately 6,000 have medically refractory seizures (Lhatoo et al., 2003). However, there are only about 400 epilepsy surgeries performed annually in the UK. Therefore, the number of patients with intractable partial epilepsy that is both medically refractory and possibly not a surgically remediable epileptic syndrome is significant.
Working the Field: Kumasi Central Market as Community, Employer, and Home
Authors: Clark Gracia 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe huge Central Market in Kumasi, Ghana is a prized workplace for more than 20,000 traders. Being physically present is a primary work method for market traders, and also for an ethnographer. Lending a hand in various trading tasks clarified the decisions and intentions associated with them, their physical demands, and the politics of the market. The market also made intellectual demands; it immediately challenged the assumptions of homogeneity and boundedness still then rarely problematized for residential communities. Different traders had different relationships to it; that difference was what constituted the market and bound them to it. Translocal ethnography is now beginning to explain how members dispersed over geography and social structure can create a more committed and resilient community. Market commodity groups commanded loyalty precisely because they bridged the most significant conflicts of interest, incorporating the retailers, wholesalers and traveling buyers most likely to quarrel over a sale as buyer and meaning its social institutions as much as its territory. This new perspective on difference also makes a place for the ethnographer, as one more woman making her living from the market. Gender, age, ethnicity, education and class significantly affect the symbolic and material public resources available to traders. Is it so very perverse that they also inflect ethnography?
Long‐term follow‐up of interferon‐alpha induction and low‐dose maintenance therapy in hairy cell leukemia
Authors: Benz Rudolf , Siciliano Raffaele Daniele , Stussi Georg , Fehr Jörg 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjective:  Interferon‐α (IFNα) was the first effective pharmacologic treatment of hairy cell leukemia (HCL). Since 1990 purine analogs replaced IFNα because of higher rates of complete remission and an invariable disease recurrence after cessation of IFNα. However, there are only limited data about long‐term maintenance treatment with IFNα and none about dose finding in this phase.Patients and methods:  Fifty‐two consecutive patients treated at our institution for HCL are included in this retrospective analysis. Forty (77%) patients received IFNα and 35 patients continue on long‐term IFNα maintenance therapy. The initial dose of IFNα was 3 Mio IU three times per week and was tapered 6 months after initiation to doses as low as 3 Mio IU/12 wk. Dose adaptation was performed by repeated measurement of soluble Interleukin 2 receptor (sIL2R) together with peripheral blood values.Results:  The median follow‐up of patients in the long‐term IFNα group was 13.6 ± 7.5 yr. Long‐term IFNα was in general well tolerated and only in six (17%) patients the treatment had to be changed to purine analogs in the long‐term IFNα group because of side effects. There are no deaths directly related to HCL.Conclusions:  IFNα is still an effective and well tolerated therapeutic option. By repeated measurements of sIL2R together with the peripheral blood values, IFNα doses can be tapered to the minimal effective dose. The advantages and disadvantage of IFNα in regards to the standard treatment in HCL patients are discussed.
SEXUAL AGEISM
Authors: Hall A. , Selby J. , Vanclay F. M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe term ageism refers to discrimination against the aged. One aspect of ageism appears to be social expectations that the aged do not have and should not have sexual relationships. How important do the aged themselves regard sexual relationships to be, and do they accept these social attitudes? This paper considers this question and reports findings from a Brisbane study of a group of healthy active mobile elderly citizens.
THE LIFE S0TYLES OF FOUR GROUPS OF ELDERLY PEOPLE IN THE INNER CITY AREA OF BRISBANE
Authors: Selby Jim , Hall Adrianne 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIn summary, both the Senior Citizens and the Chinese elderly were socially active, in average to good health, reasonably content with their life styles and were coping well in their post retirement years.In contrast, both of the other groups were socially isolated from the general community, were severely emotionally and materially deprived, were in poor health, not happy with their circumstance, and were not coping well at all.There are many questions not addressed in this material. For example, what was it that caused the frail renters and the homeless to live in their present circumstances, what can and should be done for them, are there any frail ethnic elderly living in substandard rooms or homeless, why are so many Anglo‐Australians living alone and not so the Chinese, and so on, and in particular, just what relationship is there between our survey and the rest of the population in those categories?
ATTITUDES OF AUSTRALIAN DENTAL STUDENTS TOWARDS THE ELDERLY
Authors: Ettinger Ronald L. , Beck James D. , Barnard Peter D. , Klineberg Ivan J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe attitudes of Sydney dental students towards elderly persons was studied using a semantic differential questionnaire developed by Rosencranz and McNevin in 1969. U.S. dental students from two Universities were used as a comparison group. The control age group was the attitude of the students towards persons aged 32 years. Knowledge about ageing was also obtained from the study population through the use of Palmore's (1977) Facts on Aging Quiz.Analysis of the data indicated that the Sydney dental students viewed persons aged 32 as being less independent and autonomous than did their U.S. counterparts. However they also saw persons aged 65 and over BS more ineffective, less autonomous and less personally effective than the U.S. students. The Sydney students were significantly less well informed about ageing than the U.S. dental students as measured by the number of correct answers on the Facts on Aging Quiz.The possible meaning of these findings is discussed and some explanations suggested.
EXPRESSIVE RELATIONSHIPS AND WELL‐BEING IN AN AGED SAMPLE
Authors: Mugford Stephen K. , Gibson Diane M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn analysis of data from the A.N.U. Ageing and the Family Project's Sydney survey is described. Well being of aged respondents does not depend upon socio‐economic status or age. Nor does the size of support networks have much effect. What does Seem to be of importance, however, is the extent to which an individual has particular types of expressive support, and more particularly, whether s/he has a full range of such supports. The supports and the range are linked to gender and marital status, with women receiving greater support than men and the married more than the various not married categories.
CORE ISSUES IN PLANNING SERVICES FOR THE ETHNIC AGED1
Authors: Hanen Margaretha 
Published: December 2008

In recent years the ethnic aged population in Australia has been identified as a disadvantaged or special‐need group (Moraitis 1981, Hurst 1981, Hugo 1983, AIMA 1985, 1986, ACOTA‐DCS 1985). Federal and State Government policy developments and legislation have been giving these findings some timely recognition. Examples of this are Ministerial Statements, 1985, 1986; the Department of Immigration and Ethnic Affairs/Department of Community Services' Ethnic Aged Working Party, 1986; the Nursing Homes and Hostels Review, Department of Community Services, 1986; the Consultations by Federation of Ethnic Communities Council in Australia, 1986; the Commissioner for the Ageing Act, South Australia, 1984.Such policy developments need to be matched with planning processes which facilitate effective use of existing resources for equitable distribution, including access to service provision culturally relevant to the ethnic aged.It is therefore important to identify and define essential elements which need to be considered when planning services for ageing people from non‐English speaking background, core issues and functions which vary from the norm applied to aged care services in general or which need specific emphasis.Based on South Australian experiences, an attempt is made to define these.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONTINENCE NURSE ADVISOR IN THE U.K. AND ITS RELEVANCE TO AUSTRALIA*
Authors: Wellings Cynthea 
Published: December 2008

SummaryIn the U.K. the complex problem of continence management has been tackled by the evolution of specialist nurses. The development of Continence Nurse Advisors in Australia could be an answer to the growing problem of incontinence within our society and be an invaluable resource aimed at total health care of the aged.
A COMPARISON OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL‐BEING OF NEVER‐MARRIED AND MARRIED AGED LIVING IN URBAN AUSTRALIA
Authors: Neyland Beth , Shadbolt Bruce 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis study, based upon analyses of the A.N.U. Ageing and The Family Project's survey, disputes the negative stereotype often applied to older people who have never‐married. It shows that those who are physically and mentally able and living within the community are no more likely to suffer from depression, dissatisfaction and social relationships, loneliness, or anxiety than their married peers.The results show that never‐married older people are self‐sufficient individuals who enjoy spending time alone, and living without the complications associated with marriage. Social factors have little importance in the maintenance of the never‐married's morale, while the opposite is true of the marrieds. In any future research on the social consequences of marital status in later life it would seem apposite to include some form of personality measure.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF A POST BASIC COURSE FOR REGISTERED NURSES IN REHABILITATION, GERONTIC AND LONG TERM CARE NURSING.
Authors: Martin Mavis 
Published: December 2008

The intent of this paper is to illustrate how a major teaching hospital in South Australia developed and implemented a unique programme for the preparation of nurse practitioners with people who are aged, or disabled, or both. The content will embrace:i) rationaleii) submission formatiii) curriculum designiv) course implementationv) evaluation.Hampstead Centre, (annexe of Royal Adelaide Hospital) Adelaide, South Australia is a two hundred and twenty bed complex. It caters for people requiring nursing home accommodation, people participating in rehabilitation programmes following cerebro‐vascular accident, spinal injuries, head injuries, orthopaedic trauma including joint replacement and amputation and also there are a few respite beds. The rehabilitation programmes are both fast and slow stream.
“LEARNING” AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR “SENIOR” AUSTRALIANS
Authors: Russell Barry 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAlthough there is a change in the learning process itself, the ability to learn even in extreme old age, is more dependent on personal motivation, and one's ‘self‐concept as a learner’, rather than on age itself.Strategies for teaching the elderly are also treated in the paper as well as brief descriptions of new educational programs introduced in South Australia, Victoria and New South Wales in the last few years.
VISITORS TO NURSING HOMES: FEW OR MANY?
Authors: Minichiello Victor 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe presence of family and friends in nursing homes ensures that residents continue to have meaningful and personal relationships with others. With the aim of filling a gap in the Australian gerontological literature on the institutionalised aged, this study reports on the contacts that the elderly in nursing homes have with family and friends. A questionnaire was administered to assess whether residents at eight nursing homes had contact with people living in the community during the week prior to the interview, and examine whether there are differences between residents in who contacts them. The results reveal that like their American and English counterparts, the Australian aged living in nursing homes are not generally forgotten by their family or friends; the childless residents are not without visitors; and who comes to visit varies with the marital status of the resident.
MODELS OF CARE IN THE UNITED STATES, CANADA AND DENMARK
Authors: Johns Alan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe recent introduction of new funding arrangements in nursing homes in Australia combined with other changes arising out of the Nursing Homes and Hostels Review have significantly raised the level of debate on a whole range of issues concerning the care of* the elderly in this country. It is useful therefore, to consider alternative models of care to that operating in Australia as a basis for improving our current continuum of care. The models chosen from the United States, Canada and Denmark all have assessment procedures that aim to reduce the need for early and inappropriate institutionalisation. The benefits are obvious in maintaining an elderly person in their own home and environment for as long as possible, given appropriate co‐ordination of personnel involved in service delivery.
LIFE SATISFACTION IN NURSING HOMES
Authors: Snowdon J. , Manicavasager V. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract177 residents in Sydney nursing homes were interviewed. There were significant negative correlations between scores on life satisfaction and depression scales; this held for severely demented persons as well as the others. Scores were compared with those reported for Scottish elderly living in the community. Satisfaction with the past is just as high in nursing homes, but current contentment is not, except among people with severe dementia.
GERONTIC AND INTENSIVE CARE NURSING ‐EQUALLY STRESSFUL?
Authors: Parish K.A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt is widely accepted that nursing is a stressful occupation. However, much of the research which has been undertaken in this area has concentrated on nurses in the acute setting, particularly Intensive Care Units. This study attempted to compare stress levels of Registered Nurses (RNs) employed in Aged Care Facilities with Registered Nurses working in Intensive Care Units.A questionnaire by which RNs could indicate their perceived levels of stress was distributed to a number of hospitals and Aged Care Facilities. The responses of forty registered nurses (twenty from Aged Care Facilities (ACFs) and twenty from Intensive Care Units (ICUs) were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.Both groups of nurses indicated that they may experience significant stress during their working day. However, there was no obvious difference between the overall stress levels of either group.
‘AT RISK’ COMMITTEE
Authors: Rose V. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe mid to late 80's has witnessed the expanding array of community based services for the aged and the disabled.The emergence of the HACC scheme has played a major role in putting services into communities, to help keep their frail aged and disabled out of institutional care.The frail aged and disabled are often consumers of multiple services, which are provided by autonomously run organisations.For the consumer of services to gain their potential from each service agency, there need to be a high degree of co‐operation and co‐ordination between organisations.
MULTIDISCIPLINARY GERONTOLOGICAL EDUCATION AT CURTIN UNIVERSITY
Authors: Boldy D. , Meddin J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper provides an overview of offerings in gerontology within the Division of Health Sciences at Curtin University of Technology. The survey includes both the undergraduate and graduate levels and gives an overview of relevant material taught as parts of units, complete units and as academic courses within the many disciplines that comprise the Division. Particular attention is focused on the graduate level and on the recent establishment of a new generalist postgraduate diploma stream in gerontology.
THE AUSTRALIAN LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGEING
Authors: Andrews G. , Cheok F. , Carr S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThe Australian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ALSA) is a comprehensive multi‐dimensional study aimed at identifying factors which determine and predict the state of health and social well‐being of an Australian elderly population. The research design and selection of questionnaire items and measures that have been chosen are representative at a ‘state of the art’ level and provide the opportunity for cross‐national analysis of findings, particularly between Australia and the United States. It is planned to select a probability sample of 3000 people aged 60 and over from metropolitan Adelaide for a prospective follow‐up study, initially for a period of five years.
GENDER EXPLOITATION AND THE DOMESTIC DIVISION OF LABOUR AMONG THE ELDERLY: AN AUSTRALIAN CASE STUDY
Authors: Dempsey K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTDrawing on survey and observational data from a longitudinal rural community study this paper argues that the domestic division of labour is a mechanism for the exploitation of elderly women by their husbands. This proposition is sustained by demonstrating qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the nature of the tasks members of each sex perform. Even when husbands retire they leave their wives with major sole responsibility for the routine tasks which are the most repititious, most likely to place their performer in a subordinate position and to interfere with their leisure activity. Retired men help with, rather than share responsibility for, most traditional female domestic tasks whilst the tasks they do take responsibility for require much less time, are not usually servant‐like in quality and do not seriously reduce personal autonomy.
LENGTHS OF STAY OF ASSESSED AND UNASSESSED NURSING HOME RESIDENTS‘
Authors: Lazarus R. , Gray L. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTAdmission and separation data from the regional placement list system operating in the catchment of the Bundoora Extended Care Centre were used to compare the turnover patterns of residents who had been assessed by a regional assessment team prior to admission with those who had not been assessed.There were a total of 539 admissions (358 assessed, 191 unassessed) during the 36 month study period. Significant differences were found in patterns of turnover between assessed and unassessed residents for all separations combined and for separations due to discharge, but not for separations due to death. However, the differences observed were the reverse of those anticipated ‐ unassessed residents tended to occupy beds for shorter periods than assessed residents.
ELDERLY PATIENTS‘ IMPRESSIONS OF AN OUTPATIENT SERVICE
Authors: Adams R. , Woodward M. , Fonda D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT50 elderly patients attending a general hospital outpatient department were interviewed about various aspects of their attendance. Ninety percent had been brought by transport provided by the hospital. The mean time spent waiting for the doctor was 35 minutes, the mean time spent with the doctor was 17 minutes, and 10% of patients felt they needed more time with their doctor. Twenty four percent of patients had their medications changed, but none received written instruction. Fifty percent of patients had attended their clinic more than five times in the past 12 months. Eighty two percent of patients felt the visit was useful. It is concluded that although several problems were identified, elderly patients were satisfactorily serviced by this outpatient department.
WYATT HOLIDAYS: AN INDIVIDUALISED APPROACH TO HOLIDAY‐TAKING FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE INCORPORATING A NEW APPROACH TO RESPITE CARE.
Authors: Abbey R. , Hall J. , Trowbridge C. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTThis paper draws attention to a programme sponsored by Aged Cottage Homes Inc. and funded by the Wyatt Benevolent Institution Inc. in South Australia with its principal aim being the facilitation of individualised holiday‐making amongst frail elderly people. Through a conscious policy of providing information, encouragement and moral support, financial and administrative assistance on a one to one basis, the programme demonstrate frail elderly people can have a higher quality of life through enhancing their abilities to make informed decisions, by providing opportunities to enlarge their skills, to increase opportunities for socialisation, and to rekindle old interests or develop new ones. The programme can lead to a growing independence amongst its participants.
DEPRESSION AND DEMENTIA IN THREE SYDNEY HOSTELS
Authors: Snowdon J. , Mackintosh S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACTA survey was conducted in three hostels in the eastern suburbs of Syndey. One hundred residents were interviewed. Using the Mental Status Questionnaire, 15% were considered to have significant dementia. About 20% scored as depressed on the Brief Assessment Schedule. D.S.M. III criteria for dementia were fulfilled by 13% and for affective disorder were fulfilled by 16%. Clearly, these hostels look after a population which is very different from those in nursing homes. Admitting an increased proportion of persons with moderate dementia would not be feasible without increased staffing and changes in management policies.