bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Later Midline Shift Is Associated with Better Outcomes after Large Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke
Authors: Song Jonathan J , Stafford Rebecca A. , Pohlmann Jack E. , Kim Ivy So Yeon , Cheekati Maanyatha , Dennison Sydney , Brush Benjamin , Chatzidakis Stefanos , Huang Qiuxi , Smirnakis Stelios M. , Gilmore Emily J. , Mohammed Shariq , Abdalkader Mohamad , Benjamin Emelia J. , Dupuis Josée , Greer David M. , Ong Charlene J. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background/Objective

Space occupying cerebral edema is the most feared early complication after large ischemic stroke, occurring in up to 30% of patients with middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion, and is reported to peak 2-4 days after injury. Little is known about the factors and outcomes associated with peak edema timing, especially when it occurs after 96 hours. We aimed to characterize differences between patients who experienced maximum midline shift (MLS) or decompressive hemicraniectomy (DHC) in the acute (<48 hours), average (48-96 hours), and subacute (>96 hours) groups and determine whether patients with subacute peak edema timing have improved discharge dispositions.

Methods

We performed a two-center, retrospective study of patients with ≥1/2 MCA territory infarct and MLS. We constructed a multivariable model to test the association of subacute peak edema and favorable discharge disposition, adjusting for age, admission Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS), National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), acute thrombolytic intervention, cerebral atrophy, maximum MLS, parenchymal hemorrhagic transformation, DHC, and osmotic therapy receipt.

Results

Of 321 eligible patients with MLS, 32%, 36%, and 32% experienced acute, average, and subacute peak edema. Subacute peak edema was significantly associated with higher odds of favorable discharge than non-subacute swelling, adjusting for confounders (aOR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.05-3.31).

Conclusions

Subacute peak edema after large MCA stroke is associated with better discharge disposition compared to earlier peak edema courses. Understanding how the timing of cerebral edema affects risk of unfavorable discharge has important implications for treatment decisions and prognostication.
Pre-tanning of Goatskin by Minimizing Chemical Usage using Crude Protease Enzyme for Crust Leather Preparation
Authors: Hasan Md. Jawad , Alam Md. Samaul , Mim Sumaiya , Haque Papia , Rahman Mohammed Mizanur 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The traditional use of beam house chemicals such as lime and sodium sulfide for hair removal from hide/skin results in significant environmental drawbacks, including excessive water consumption, hair digestion, and solid sludge discharge into effluent. In this study, we have isolated proteolytic bacteria belonging to Alcaligenaceae sp. (GenBank accession number OP456525) from the soil of a tannery solid waste dumping yard. These bacteria exhibited robust protease production with optimal activity at 50°C and pH 7.0. By utilizing the crude protease, we achieved complete unhairing of goatskin and enhanced fiber opening, effectively eliminating three highly polluting stages (liming, deliming, and bating) from conventional leather processing. Protease-based unhairing demonstrated significant reductions in pollution load, with decreases of 60.1%, 98.54%, and 61.63% observed in dissolved solids (TDS), suspended solids (TSS), and total solids (TS), respectively, compared to conventional liming methods. The crust leathers thus produced via protease-based unhairing exhibited approximately 25% increased chromium uptake. Furthermore, enzyme treatment led to improved hydrothermal stability and enhanced physico-mechanical properties, including tensile strength, tear strength, and grain crack strength. FESEM images confirmed that the fiber structure of the samples treated with the protease is more compact than conventional leather. Employing a clean, enzyme-based unhairing procedure utilizing Alcaligenaceae sp. crude protease enables the production of eco-leather without the use of sodium sulfide, lime, ammonium-based deliming agents, or bating agents, thereby enhancing occupational health and safety while promoting a more environmentally friendly and sustainable approach to leather production.
Brain functional network after intervention with rTMS in OCD individuals is pushed to a more unstable state to decrease obsessive behaviors
Authors: Esfeh Maryam Ansari , Talesh Alireza , Niyasar Asiyeh Rezaei , Rostami Reza , Khosrowabadi Reza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an FDA-approved treatment for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD). Nevertheless, understanding a global mechanism of the changes in the brain functional network could lead us to optimize the effectiveness of this method. Therefore, reorganization of the brain functional network after intervention with rTMS was investigated in this study based on the structural balance theory. We hypothesized that functional plasticity after the intervention is imposed on the brain functional network by changes in the topology of triadic associations in the network and leading the network to a higher balance energy level (less stable). Consequently, brain functional networks of OCDs were calculated based on the phase lag indexes of their resting state EEGs before and after intervention in a frequency specific manner. Subsequently, global network parameters including number of positive and negative links, types of triadic interactions (balanced or unbalanced triads), tendency of negative/positive links to make hub, and balance energy level were compared between pre and post-intervention. Our findings revealed a significant decrease in weak-balanced and an increase in strong-unbalanced triads, particularly in the Beta І frequency band. In addition, significant decrease was observed in tendency of negative links to make hubs across certain frequency bands. These changes after intervention increase the network balanced energy level toward a less stable state. We hope these findings pave the way for refining the strategy of rTMS interventions by reorganizing the brain functional network.
WITHDRAWN: The Relationship of Perceived Social Support and Problematic Social Media Use among Homosexuality and Heterosexuality: A Comparative Analysis
Authors: Hu Xueqing , Wang Peng , Tian Mei 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the potential impact of perceived social support on problematic social media use, as well as to examine the underlying mechanisms of career adaptability and rumination. Furthermore, we analyzed whether there were differences between heterosexual(N=241) and homosexual(N=206) groups. To achieve this, we utilize the questionnaire method with four scales. Results have indicated that: (1) Perceived social support was associated with career adaptability and rumination. Problematic social media use was associated with career adaptability and rumination. Career adaptability was associated with rumination. However, perceived social support was not associated with problematic social media use. (2) The results of the mediation analysis showed that career adaptability and rumination play a suppressing role respectively, and the chain mediation path was significant, which also has a suppressing effect. (3) The results of multigroup comparisons revealed that the predictive effect of career adaptability on problematic social media use was not significant for homosexual subjects, suggesting that career adaptability no longer played a suppressing role. Our study reveals that individuals who perceive low levels of social support are more likely to engage in problematic social media use. This can be attributed to three main factors: a decrease in career adaptability, causing individuals to experience rumination or reducing individual career adaptability and thereby inducing rumination. In addition, through a comparative analysis of the disparities between the homosexual and heterosexual communities, our research also facilitates a fresh understanding of the homosexual community for the general public.
Training high-performance deep learning classifier for diagnosis in oral cytology using diverse annotations
Authors: Sukegawa Shintaro , Tanaka Futa , Nakano Keisuke , Hara Takeshi , Ochiai Takanaga , Shimada Katsumitsu , Inoue Yuta , Taki Yoshihiro , Nakai Fumi , Nakai Yasuhiro , Ishihama Takanori , Miyazaki Ryo , Murakami Satoshi , Nagatsuka Hitoshi , Miyake Minoru 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The uncertainty of true labels in medical images hinders diagnosis owing to the variability across professionals when applying deep learning models. We used deep learning to obtain an optimal convolutional neural network (CNN) by adequately annotating data for oral exfoliative cytology considering labels from multiple oral pathologists. Six whole-slide images were processed using QuPath for segmenting them into tiles. The images were labeled by three oral pathologists, resulting in 14,535 images with the corresponding pathologists’ annotations. Data from three pathologists who provided the same diagnosis were labeled as ground truth (GT) and used for testing. We investigated six models trained using the annotations of 1) pathologist A, 2) pathologist B, 3) pathologist C, 4) GT, 5) majority voting, and a 6) probabilistic model. We divided the test by cross-validation per slide dataset and examined the classification performance of the CNN with a ResNet50 baseline. Statistical evaluation was performed repeatedly and independently using every slide 10 times as test data. For the area under the curve, three cases showed the highest values (0.861, 0.955, and 0.991) for the probabilistic model. Regarding accuracy, two cases showed the highest values (0.988 and 0.967). For the models using the pathologists and GT annotations, many slides showed very low accuracy and large variations across tests. Hence, the classifier trained with probabilistic labels provided the optimal CNN for oral exfoliative cytology considering diagnoses from multiple pathologists. These results may lead to trusted medical artificial intelligence solutions that reflect diverse diagnosis of various professionals.
Diagnosis of pediatric central nervous system tumors using methylation profiling of cfDNA from cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Cornelli Lotte , Paemel Ruben Van , Santos Maísa , Roelandt Sofie , Willems Leen , Vandersteene Jelle , Baert Edward , Mus Liselot M. , Roy Nadine Van , De Wilde Bram , De Preter Katleen 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system tumors remain challenging to diagnose. Imaging approaches do not provide sufficient detail to discriminate between different tumor types, while the histopathological examination of tumor tissue shows high interobserver variability. Recent studies have demonstrated the accurate classification of central nervous system tumors based on the DNA-methylation profile on a tumor biopsy. However, a brain biopsy holds significant risk of bleeding and damaging the surrounding tissues. Liquid biopsy approaches analyzing circulating tumor DNA show high potential as an alternative and less invasive tool to study the DNA-methylation pattern of tumors. In this study, we explore the potential of classifying pediatric brain tumors based on methylation profiling of the cell-free DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For this proof-of-concept study, we collected 20 cerebrospinal fluid samples of pediatric brain cancer patients via a ventricular drain placed for reasons of increased intracranial pressure. Analyses on the circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) showed high variability of cfDNA quantities across patients ranging from levels below the limit of quantification to 40 ng cfDNA per milliliter of CSF. Classification based on methylation profiling of cfDNA from CSF was correct for 8 out of 20 samples in our cohort. Accurate results were mostly observed in samples of high quality, more specifically those with limited high-molecular weight DNA contamination. Interestingly, we show that centrifugation of the CSF prior to processing increases the fraction of fragmented cfDNA to high-molecular weight DNA. In addition, classification was mostly correct for samples with high tumoral cfDNA fraction as estimated by computational deconvolution (> 40%). In summary, analysis of cfDNA in the CSF shows potential as a tool for diagnosing pediatric nervous system tumors especially in patients with high levels of tumoral cfDNA in the CSF, however further optimization of the collection procedure, experimental workflow, and bioinformatic approach is required to also allow classification for patients with low tumoral fractions in the CSF.
Pharmaceutical care of a case with suspected ganciclovir resistant CMV infection after lung transplantation: a case report
Authors: Shao Xin , You Jun , Jiang Xianhong , Guo Dongjie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to provide insights into the clinical medication for suspected ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after lung transplantation.
Methods: A 60-year-old patient with non-specific interstitial pneumonia underwent bilateral lung transplantation. About 1 month after operation, CMV nucleic acid in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was positive, and the CT value was 21.47. After 16 days of intravenous infusion of ganciclovir, CMV nucleic acid was still positive, and virus replication increased. Lung CT showed obvious bilateral lung infiltration. Clinical pharmacists suggested intravenous infusion of foscarnet sodium.
Results: After 14 days, CMV nucleic acid test turned negative, and the treatment was effective. However, the patient eventually developed septic shock and hemodynamic instability due to post-lung transplantation bronchial anastomotic fistula, pyothorax, and the family abandoned treatment.
Conclusions: Clinical pharmacists participated in the whole process of diagnosis and treatment of this case, which reflected the professional ability and service level of clinical pharmacists, and highlighted the rare but potential complexity of ganciclovir-resistant cytomegalovirus infection in patients after lung transplantation.
Elicitation boosts withaferin A and withanolide A production in Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal hairy root cultures
Authors: Mahendran Ganesan , Vimolmangkang Sornkanok 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, an Ayurvedic herb rich in withanosides, has anti-cancer and health-rejuvenating properties. These bioactive chemicals, primarily found in the roots, are of significant interest for production in hairy root cultures. In this study, researchers investigated a hairy root line produced by Rhizobium rhizogenes (ATCC 43057), varying cell density, infection period, and acetosyringone concentrations. The most successful root induction frequency (31.66% ± 2.98%) occurred at a bacterial cell density of OD600 = 0.8 combined with a 20-min infection period and 200 µM acetosyringone. After 25 days, the hairy root culture achieved its highest biomass (5.20 ± 0.15 g/50 mL flask fresh weight (FW)) in MS liquid medium with 3% sucrose. At 30 and 25 days, the greatest amounts of withanolide A (0.824 ± 0.01 mg/g DW) and withaferin A (1.292 ± 0.02 mg/g DW) were observed. Hairy roots were further treated with methyl jasmonate (MJ) and salicylic acid (SA) at various concentrations (25, 50, and 100 µM). Notably, the maximum content of withanolide A (2.90 ± 0.08 mg/g DW, 3.86-fold) and withaferin A (3.40 ± 0.01 mg/g DW, 2.61-fold) was obtained in the hairy roots treated with MJ at 100 µM. After 48 h, the content of withanolide A reached 3.16 ± 0.03 mg/g DW (6.72-fold), and withaferin A peaked at 4.32 ± 0.05 mg/g DW (4.59-fold) when treated with 50 µM SA + 100 µM MJ. This study demonstrated that W. somnifera hairy root culture enhances large-scale production of withanolide A and withaferin A.
Abiraterone acetate versus enzalutamide against chemo-naïve castration resistant prostate cancer with full dose induction
Authors: Shimomura Tatsuya , Mori Keiichiro , Yasue Keiji , Matsukawa Akihiro , Fukuokaya Wataru , Yanagisawa Takafumi , Hata Kenichi , Murakami Masaya , Koike Yusuke , Urabe Fumihiko , Miki Jun , Yamada Hiroki , Kimura Takahiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose We recently released the multi-institutional real-world analysis about the difference of survival outcome between abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide against chemo-naïve castration resistant prostate cancer as first line setting. Although reduced dose induction cases were included in that analysis, induction dose reduction might correlate reduced efficacy. In this study, we analyzed full dose induction subgroups from our overall cohort and investigated true difference of efficacy between these agents.Methods A total of 220 chemotherapy-naïve CRPC cases treated with full dose induction of first-line ARSI were analyzed. Outcome measures were PSA response, PSA progression-free survival (PSA-PFS), treatment failure free survival (TFF), cancer specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS).Results Abiraterone acetate (A) and enzalutamide (E) were administered to 58 and 162 patients, respectively. The median PSA response rate (− 65.4% [A] and − 81.5% [E], p = 0.0252), PSA decline ≥ 90% (22.4% [A] and 37.0% [E], p = 0.0478), PSA-PFS (median 4 months [A] and 7 months [E], p = 0.00833), TFF (median 6 months [A] and 15 months [E], p < 0.0001), CSS (median 45 months [A] and not reached [E], p < 0.0001) and OS (median 34 months [A] and 80 months [E], p < 0.001) were significantly better in the enzalutamide group.Conclusion This study showed that PSA response, PSA-PFS, TTF, CSS and OS were better with first-line enzalutamide administration. Direct inhibition of androgen receptor signaling by enzalutamide is associated with better clinical outcomes in full dose induction cohort.
Comparative analysis of sapovirus genetic diversity based on VP1 and NS6-7
Authors: Ren Shaolei , Xue Liang , Gao Junshan , Cai Weicheng , Lin Peng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A significant foodborne pathogen that causes acute gastroenteritis worldwide is sapovirus. Currently, there have been reports of certain recombinant strains of sapovirus, and the genetic diversity of this virus is continuously increasing. In this study, sapovirus nucleotide sequences with entire VP1 and NS6-7 regions were obtained from GenBank, and phylogenetic analysis and genetic distance calculations were performed to investigate the genetic diversity of the VP1 and NS6-7 regions of this virus. In addition to the 19 known genogroups, a small number of sequences were discovered to be beyond the range of known genogroups and were temporarily divided (Bat NA1-Bat NA3). This was based on the genetic diversity of the entire VP1 region. Based on the VP1 region, 38 key reference sequences were also suggested. Furthermore, for 33 sequences for which the genotyping tool mistyped, the genotype and genogroup information were modified. We also attempted to categorize sapovirus based on the genetic diversity of the nucleotide sequences of NS6-7 region. Phylogenetically, 17 P (polymerase)-groups (GI.P-GIII.P, GV.P-GVIII.P, GX.P-GXIX.P) and one tentative (GNA1.P) were identified based on the genetic diversity of nucleotide sequences in the entire NS6-7 region, and 35 related reference sequences were also suggested. Nine recombinant sequences, including six recombinant genotypes (GI.1[P4], GI.2[P1], GII.4[P1], GII.4[PNA1], GII.6[P2], and GV.5[P3]), were identified by genetic diversity differences between VP1 and NS6-7 of sapovirus. With this approach, sapovirus recombination events may be effectively characterized.
Different times TMS over fronto-parietal network regulates visual selective attention
Authors: Zhang Qiuzhu , Zhang Danmei , Alimu Gulibaier , Bishal Guragai , Li WenJuan , Zhang Junjun , Jin Zhenlan , Li Ling 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Individuals pay attention to meaningful information by using visual selective attention. Top-down attention is goal-driven and requires cognitive effort to guide attention. Bottom-up attention is stimuli-driven and automatically attracted by salient stimuli. The fronto-parietal network (FPN) is involved in visual selective attention, and top-down and bottom-up attention from neuron activation in the FPN at different times. To explore how different times of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) over the nodes of FPN modulate visual selective attention behavior.
Methods
The single-pulse TMS was applied to stimulate the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (rDLPFC) and right superior parietal lobule (rSPL) of two groups (active TMS and sham TMS group) at early times (33ms, 50ms, 66ms, and 83ms) and late times (216ms, 233ms, 250ms, and 266ms) after the pop-out and search stimulus displayed onset.
Results
The behavior results showed late TMS over rDLPFC decreased ACC of top-down attention. Late TMS over rSPL improved ACC of top-down attention and decreased cognitive load difference between top-down and bottom-up attention. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) results of T1 images showed that gray matter volumes (GMV) in fronto-parietal cortex correlated with visual selective attention behavior, including bilateral superior frontal gyrus, right precentral gyrus, left supramarginal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus (orbital part), and left superior frontal gyrus (medial), especially in the active TMS group.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal the cause role of the FPN on visual selective attention behavior and the relationship between GMV in the fronto-parietal cortex and visual selective attention.
The extent and pattern of symptom relief after surgical castration for patients with advanced prostate cancer treated at a Muhimbili National Hospital.
Authors: Nhungo Charles John , Sensa Victor Patrick , Mushi Fransia Arda , Njiku Kimu Marko , Mwanga Ally Hamis , Mkony Charles 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background: Advanced prostate cancer leads to many symptoms, notably bone pain and lower urinary tract symptoms; however, the degree and duration of pain relief, changes in LUTs severity and underlying factors that predict the extent of relief remain inadequately understood. Surgical castration has proven effective in relieving bone pain and urinary symptoms.
Objective: To determine the extent and pattern of symptom relief in advanced prostate cancer patients following surgical castration at Muhimbili National Hospital.
Methods: A prospective analytical study was conducted at MNH for a period of 6 months, and patients were followed for 30 days. The international prostate symptoms score tool was used for LUTs assessment, and the pain rating scale was used for assessing bone pain symptoms before and after surgery. Cross-tabulation with chi-square tests as a measure of association was used to test differences in pain relief across different participant characteristics. Modified Poisson regression was used to determine factors associated with complete bone pain relief. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. A p-value<0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance.
Results. A total of 210 adult men with a mean age of 72.3 years were recruited. The mean LUTs before surgical castration was 15.1 (95% CI 14.4 to 15.7), which was significantly greater than that after surgical castration (mean score 8.0, 95% CI 7.4 to 8.6), this showed a decrease of 7.1 (95% CI 6.4 to 7.7, p<0.001). The mean bone pain score before surgical castration was 74.3 (95% CI 72.4 to 76.3), and that after surgical castration was 34.5 (95% CI 30.6 to 38.4). There was an absolute decrease of 39.8% (95% CI 34.7 to 44.9, p<0.001) in the bone pain score after surgical castration, and more than half of the patients 111 (52.9%) reported bone pain relief within the first two weeks.
Conclusion. Surgical castration affects both bone pain control and lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Additionally, more studies should be conducted to assess the duration of bone pain relief after surgical castration.