bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Atomistic Simulations of CO Vibrations in Ices Relevant to Astrochemistry
Authors: Plattner Nuria , Meuwly Markus 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe experimental absorption band of carbon monoxide (CO) in mixed ices has been extensively studied in the past. The astrophysical interest in this band is related to its characteristic shape, which appears to depend on the surrounding ice structure. Herein, molecular dynamics simulations are carried out to analyze the relationship between the structure of the ice and the infrared (IR) spectrum of embedded CO molecules at different concentrations. Instead of conventional force fields, anharmonic potentials are used for the bonded interactions. The electrostatic interactions are more accurately described by means of fluctuating atomic multipole moments (up to quadrupole). The experimentally observed splitting of the CO absorption band (gas phase: 2143 cm−1) into a blue‐ (2152 cm−1) and a red‐shifted (2138 cm−1) signal is also found in the simulations. Complementary atomistic simulations allow us to relate the spectra with the structural features. The distinction between interstitial and substitutional CO molecules as the origin of this splitting is found to be qualitatively correct. However, at increasing CO concentrations, additional effects—such as mutual interactions between CO molecules—become important, and the simplistic picture needs to be revised.
Polyomavirus infection of the urinary tract presenting as hemorrhagic cystitis in an immunocompetent five‐year‐old boy
Authors: Gonzalez Jorge L. , Balestra Suellen , Schned Alan R. , Gutmann Edward J. , Tsongalis Gregory J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHuman polyomavirus infection, which can be detected morphologically on Pap‐stained routine urine cytology specimens, is most commonly encountered in immunocompromised patients and is a well‐described complication of renal transplantation. We present a case of an immunocompetent 5‐year‐old boy with a sudden onset of dysuria and hematuria due to a self‐limited polyomavirus urinary tract infection detected on routine urine cytology and confirmed with real‐time PCR. Although rare cases of nonhemorrhagic cystitis have been reported, to the best of our knowledge this is the first case of hemorrhagic cystitis occurring in this setting. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:375–378. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Techniques for thyroid FNA: A synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine‐Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference
Authors: Pitman Martha Bishop , Abele John , Ali Syed Z. , Duick Dan , Elsheikh Tarik M. , Jeffrey R. Brooke , Powers Celeste N. , Randolph Gregory , Renshaw Andrew , Scoutt Leslie 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored the NCI Thyroid fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) State of the Science Conference on October 22–23, 2007 in Bethesda, MD. The 2‐day meeting was accompanied by a permanent informational website and several on‐line discussion periods between May 1 and December 15, 2007 (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov). This document summarizes matters addressing manual and ultrasound guided FNA technique and related issues. Specific topics covered include details regarding aspiration needles, devices, and methods, including the use of core needle biopsy; the pros and cons of anesthesia; the influence of thyroid lesion location, size, and characteristics on technique; the role of ultrasound in the FNA of a palpable thyroid nodule; the advantages and disadvantages of various specialists performing a biopsy; the optimal number of passes and tissue preparation methods; sample adequacy criteria for solid and cystic nodules, and management of adverse reactions from the procedure. (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov/pages/info/agenda/) Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:407–424. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Utilization of ancillary studies in thyroid fine needle aspirates: A synopsis of the National Cancer Institute Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration State of the Science Conference
Authors: Filie Armando C. , Asa Sylvia L. , Geisinger Kim R. , Logani Sanjay , Merino Maria , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Clark Douglas P. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe National Cancer Institute (NCI) sponsored the NCI Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) State of the Science Conference on October 22–23, 2007 in Bethesda, MD. The 2‐day meeting was accompanied by a permanent informational website and several on‐line discussion periods between May 1 and December 15, 2007 (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov). This document summarizes matters regarding the utilization of ancillary studies in thyroid FNA (http://thyroidfna.cancer.gov/pages/info/agenda/). Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008;36:438–441. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Thermal and force‐chain effects in an experimental, sloping granular shear flow
Authors: Furbish David Jon , Schmeeckle Mark W. , Roering Joshua J. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractForce chains figure prominently in shearing motions of granular materials, inasmuch as these chains of load‐bearing grains dominate resistance to motion. A simple scaling of the forces involved in the motion of a dry, gravity‐driven granular shear flow induced by vibrations (see, e.g., Roering et al., 2001; Roering, 2004) suggests that this shearing motion reflects a balance between the rate of production and the rate of disruption of granular force chains. The rate of production of force chains is proportional to the rate of shear. The rate of disruption is proportional to the rate of shear as force chains ‘age’ during rotation, whence they become unstable and self‐destruct. The rate of disruption is also proportional to the frequency and intensity of elastic waves, induced by acoustic vibrations, that propagate through the granular material and weaken force chains. The analysis is empirically consistent with the exponential‐like profiles of grain displacement, and the strongly nonlinear increase in grain flux with increasing surface slope, observed in experiments. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A consideration on the autostabilization mechanisms operational on a sand dune at equilibrium
Authors: Momiji Hiroshi 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBarchan dunes are known to maintain their shapes during their downwind migration, and therefore considered to be at equilibrium. Such an equilibrium state may be materialized by multiple stabilizing mechanisms, which have rarely been discussed. As an example, it is shown here how dune size is maintained by employing the kinematics approach based on the balance between incoming and outgoing sand fluxes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erosion and terrace failure due to agricultural land abandonment in a semi‐arid environment
Authors: Lesschen J. P. , Cammeraat L. H. , Nieman T. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAgricultural land abandonment is currently widely spread in Mediterranean countries and a further increase is expected. Previous research has shown that abandoned fields in semi‐arid areas are more vulnerable to gully erosion. The absence of ploughing and slow vegetation recovery cause the formation of soil crusts with low infiltration rates, resulting in increased runoff and gully erosion risk. The objective of our study was to assess the extent and causes of erosion and terrace failure on abandoned fields and to discuss options for mitigation. The study was carried out in the Carcavo basin, a semi‐arid catchment in southeast Spain. At catchment scale all abandoned fields were surveyed and characteristics of each field were described. Additionally we surveyed abandoned and cultivated terraces and used statistical analyses to determine the factors that induce terrace failure. At field scale we constructed a detailed digital elevation model (DEM) for an abandoned terrace field in order to calculate sediment losses since time of abandonment. The results revealed that more than half the abandoned fields had moderate to severe erosion and the statistical analysis showed that these fields had significantly steeper slopes, were terraced and had cereals as previous land use. Factors that increase the risk of terrace failure were land abandonment, steeper terrace slope, loam texture, valley‐bottom position and shrubs on the terrace wall. The reconstructed erosion rate (87 ton ha−1 year−1) confirmed the importance of gully erosion on these abandoned terrace fields. Potential soil and water conservation practices to mitigate soil erosion after abandonment are: (1) maintenance of terrace walls, as a result more water is retained, which increases vegetation cover and consequently decreases erosion. (2) Revegetation with indigenous grass species on spots with concentrated flow, especially near terrace walls. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumour‐mediated disruption of dendritic cell function: Inhibiting the MEK1/2‐p44/42 axis restores IL‐12 production and Th1‐generation
Authors: Jackson Andrew Mark , Mulcahy Lori Ann , Zhu Xing Wu , O'Donnell Dearbhaile , Patel Poulam M. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDisfunctional dendritic cells (DC) are common in cancer patients; however, the underlying molecular targets are poorly understood. Nevertheless, adoptive‐transfer and in situ vaccination protocols continue, largely without addressing immune‐suppression. Understanding tumour‐mediated DC suppression would assist rational design of next generation immunotherapy. This study used a tumour‐lysate loaded DC model of adoptive immunotherapy and also necrotic cells common in many tumours. Patient‐derived and healthy‐donor monocyte‐derived DC were examined for disruptions in mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways associated with their capacity to generate Type‐1 helper‐T cell populations (Th1). Melanoma‐lysate markedly suppressed TLR4‐dependent IL‐12p40 and p70 production. Suppression of IL‐12p70 occurred independently of maturation markers (e.g., CD40, CD80, CD83) and correlated with depressed p35 and p40 transcription. Decreased IL‐12 secretion was not associated with IL‐10, TGFβ, VEGF, PGE2 or ganglioside in tumour lysates or attributable to endogenous PGE2 release from DC. In contrast to HUVEC lysate, melanoma‐lysate‐treated DC were less able to generate Th1‐responses from naïve T‐cells. The p44/42 MAPK was hyper‐activated by melanoma lysate, but not that of HUVEC. Blockade of MEK1/2, the upstream kinase for p44/42, with U0126 prevented p44/42 activation, restored IL‐12p70, and permitted effective generation of Th1‐responses. Therefore the p44/42 MAPK is a target for tumour‐mediated immune suppression of DC resulting in transcriptional down‐regulation of IL‐12 p35 and p40 genes, reduced IL‐12 secretion and suppressed Th1‐responses. Pharmacological intervention in the MEK‐p44/42 axis may be applicable to render DC resistant to the suppressive effects of tumour lysates and may form part of a combination immunotherapy. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
HOXA11 DNA methylation—A novel prognostic biomarker in ovarian cancer
Authors: Fiegl Heidi , Windbichler Gudrun , Mueller‐Holzner Elisabeth , Goebel Georg , Lechner Matthias , Jacobs Ian J. , Widschwendter Martin 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEpigenetic alterations play a major role in cancer. Recently we reported that stem cell Polycomb group targets (PcGTs) are up to 12‐fold more likely to have cancer‐specific promoter DNA hypermethylation than nontargets. To identify potential, prognostic DNA methylation markers in ovarian cancer we analyzed the DNA methylation at 71 different loci in 22 ovarian cancers and 18 non‐neoplastic ovarian specimens by means of a quantitative, real‐time PCR‐based technique (MethyLight). We identified DNA methylation of HOXA10 and HOXA11, both of them PcGTs, to be the best discriminators between cancer and non‐neoplastic tissue. In an independent set consisting of 92 ovarian cancer specimens further analysis demonstrated that HOXA11 DNA methylation is (i) strongly associated with the residual tumor after cytoreductive surgery and (ii) is a marker indicating poor prognosis. HOXA11 DNA methylation was independently associated with poor outcome [relative risk for death 3.4 (95% CI 1.2–9.9; p = 0.03)]. These findings support the view that the technical inability to optimally cytoreduce ovarian cancer is associated with particular molecular alterations in the tumor which per se define a subgroup of patients with poor outcome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association of cytokeratin 7 and 19 expression with genomic stability and favorable prognosis in clear cell renal cell cancer
Authors: Mertz Kirsten D. , Demichelis Francesca , Sboner Andrea , Hirsch Michelle S. , Cin Paola Dal , Struckmann Kirsten , Storz Martina , Scherrer Simone , Schmid Daniel M. , Strebel Räto T. , Probst‐Hensch Nicole M. , Gerstein Mark , Moch Holger , Rubin Mark A. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe purpose of our study was to demonstrate that distinct cytogenetic alterations in the most common subtype of renal cell cancer, clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), are reflected in protein expression profiles. We performed conventional cytogenetics and immunohistochemical analysis for cytokeratins (CKs) on 126 ccRCCs. Protein expression was evaluated in situ using a semiautomated quantitative system. The results were validated using an independent cohort of 209 ccRCCs with long‐term follow‐up. Cytogenetic alterations were identified in 96 of 126 ccRCCs, most of them involving chromosome 3 through loss, deletion or translocation. Expression of CKs and E‐cadherin in ccRCC was associated with lack of cytogenetic alterations and low nuclear grade. In the validation set, CK7 and CK19 protein expression was associated with better clinical outcome. At the multivariate level, the best model included metastatic status and CK19 expression. Expression microarray analysis on 21 primary ccRCCs and 14 ccRCC metastases identified genes significantly associated with CK7 and CK19 expressing ccRCCs. Two novel ccRCC biomarkers associated with the CK7 positive ccRCC phenotype, PMS2 and MT1‐MMP (MMP14), were further validated. We conclude that the variability observed for CK expression in ccRCC can be explained by genetic heterogeneity. Distinct molecular subtypes of ccRCC with prognostic relevance were identified, and the CK7/CK19 expressing subtype is associated with better outcome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infant's triangular communication in “two for one” versus “two against one” family triangles: Case illustrations
Authors: Fivaz‐Depeursinge Elisabeth 
Published: May 2008

AbstractInfants use their social competence very early to communicate not only in dyads but also in triads, in particular in the triangle they form with their mother and father. The development of this triangular communication is largely shaped by the ways the parents support or undermine each other in relation to their child. Whereas triangular communication is facilitated in “two for one” alliances, it is recruited in the service of regulating the parents' conflicts in “two against one” coalitions. These processes are manifest in toddlerhood and may be traced back to the coparenting alliance in formation during pregnancy.
Signs of emotion: What can preverbal children “say” about internal states?
Authors: Vallotton C.D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDo infants explicitly recognize feelings and emotions in themselves and others? What would preverbal children say about internal states if they had the words? Investigation of infants' emotional understanding is limited by the challenge of understanding infant mental states before the onset of speech. I examined the use of symbolic gestures by normally hearing, preverbal children to discover whether infants and toddlers represent emotion concepts such as sad and scared, and feeling words such as sleepy. Participants were 22 children (5–28 months) in a childcare program where caregivers modeled symbolic gestures. Gesture use by children and caregivers were videotaped and coded to determine context, characteristics, and frequency. Twenty of 22 children used symbolic gestures; of these, 6 used emotion gestures, and 5 used feeling gestures. These gestures were not imitations of adult gestures, and qualitative data reveal their context and significance. Symbolic gestures reveal the sophistication of infants' internal worlds and their ability and desire to communicate thoughts and feelings. Symbolic gestures are a promising methodology for investigating early explicit mental processes. As a therapeutic communication tool, symbolic gestures may help children express emotions, participate in conversations about emotion, and construct their own understanding of internal states.
Interfaces between intersubjectivity and attachment: Three perspectives on a mother–infant inpatient case
Authors: Downing George , Bürgin Dieter , Reck Corinna , Ziegenhain Ute 
Published: May 2008

AbstractDespite much new literature on clinical early intervention, background theoretical issues have received less critical attention. In this study, we look at a single mother–infant case from different perspectives. To give the discussion a viable focus, we draw upon two types of specific material: an Adult Attachment Interview (M. Main & R. Goldwyn, 1985–1998) and a video of mother–infant interaction. We elaborate some alternative conceptualizations of this material, noting similarities, contrasts, and differences in emphasis in these frameworks. A brief series of practical implications for clinical treatment is summarized in conclusion.
Calcium ions in neuronal degeneration
Authors: Wojda Urszula , Salinska Elzbieta , Kuznicki Jacek 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNeuronal Ca2+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling regulate multiple neuronal functions, including synaptic transmission, plasticity, and cell survival. Therefore disturbances in Ca2+ homeostasis can affect the well‐being of the neuron in different ways and to various degrees. Ca2+ homeostasis undergoes subtle dysregulation in the physiological ageing. Products of energy metabolism accumulating with age together with oxidative stress gradually impair Ca2+ homeostasis, making neurons more vulnerable to additional stress which, in turn, can lead to neuronal degeneration. Neurodegenerative diseases related to aging, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, or Huntington's disease, develop slowly and are characterized by the positive feedback between Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and the aggregation of disease‐related proteins such as amyloid beta, alfa‐synuclein, or huntingtin. Ca2+ dyshomeostasis escalates with time eventually leading to neuronal loss. Ca2+ dyshomeostasis in these chronic pathologies comprises mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, Ca2+ buffering impairment, glutamate excitotoxicity and alterations in Ca2+ entry routes into neurons. Similar changes have been described in a group of multifactorial diseases not related to ageing, such as epilepsy, schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, or glaucoma. Dysregulation of Ca2+ homeostasis caused by HIV infection or by sudden accidents, such as brain stroke or traumatic brain injury, leads to rapid neuronal death. The differences between the distinct types of Ca2+ dyshomeostasis underlying neuronal degeneration in various types of pathologies are not clear. Questions that should be addressed concern the sequence of pathogenic events in an affected neuron and the pattern of progressive degeneration in the brain itself. Moreover, elucidation of the selective vulnerability of various types of neurons affected in the diseases described here will require identification of differences in the types of Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling among these neurons. This information will be required for improved targeting of Ca2+ homeostasis and signaling components in future therapeutic strategies, since no effective treatment is currently available to prevent neuronal degeneration in any of the pathologies described here. © 2008 IUBMB IUBMB Life, 60(9): 575–590, 2008
Temperature sensitivity and drug encapsulation of star‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymer based on dendritic poly(ether‐amide)
Authors: Yang Zhu , Xie Jianda , Zhou Wei , Shi Wenfang 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe star‐shaped amphiphilic block copolymer (DPEA‐PCL‐PNIPAAms) with different PCL block lengths was prepared through ring opening polymerization of ε‐caprolactone (CL) initiated by hydroxyl end‐capped dendritic poly(ether‐amide) (DPEA‐OH), and then coupling with carboxyl end‐capped linear poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm‐COOH) via an esterification process. The molecular structure was characterized by FT‐IR, 1H NMR, and GPC analysis. As the copolymer dissolved in water, the core‐shell structural nanoparticle was formed as a micelle. The fluorescence, 1H NMR, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques were utilized to confirm the formation of micelles. The optical transmittance and US‐DSC measurements demonstrated that the micelles performed the reversible dispersion/aggregation behavior in response to temperature through the outer PNIPAAm polymer shell. The micelles loaded with daidzein showed a very rapid drug release speed at temperatures above the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) due to the temperature‐induced structural change of the polymeric micelles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009
Effect of electrospun poly(D,L‐lactide) fibrous scaffold with nanoporous surface on attachment of porcine esophageal epithelial cells and protein adsorption
Authors: Leong Meng Fatt , Chian Kerm Sin , Mhaisalkar Priyadarshini S. , Ong Wey Feng , Ratner Buddy D. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractElectrospun scaffolds have been increasingly used in tissue engineering applications due to their size‐scale similarities with native extracellular matrices. Their inherent fibrous features may be important in promoting cell attachment and proliferation on the scaffolds. In this study, we explore the technique of fabricating electrospun fibers with nano‐sized porous surfaces and investigate their effects on the attachment of porcine esophageal epithelial cells (PEECs). Porosity was introduced in electrospun poly(D,L‐lactide) fibers by creating vapor‐induced phase separation conditions during electrospinning. The nanoporous fiber scaffolds were mechanically weaker than the conventional solid fiber scaffolds and solvent‐cast films of the same polymer. However, the nanoporosity of the fibers was found to enhance the levels of adsorbed protein from a dilute solution of fetal bovine serum. The amount of protein adsorbed by nanoporous fiber scaffolds was ∼80% higher than the solid fiber scaffolds. This corresponds to an estimated 62% increase in surface area of the porous fibers than the solid fibers. By comparison, the solvent‐cast films adsorbed low levels of protein from the FBS solution. In addition, the porous fibers were found to be advantageous in enhancing initial cell attachment as compared with the solid fibers and solvent‐cast films. It was observed that nanoporous fiber scaffolds seeded with PEECs had significantly greater number of viable cells attached than the solid fiber scaffolds after 10 and 24 h in culture. Hence, our results indicate that nanosized porous surfaces on electrospun fibers enhance both protein adsorption and cell attachment. These findings provide a method to improve cell‐matrix interactions of electrospun scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2009