bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Medical Conditions Affecting Sports Participation
Authors: Rice Stephen G. ,   and the Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness
Published: April 2008

This Clinical Report was retired July 2018.
Children and adolescents with medical conditions present special issues with respect to participation in athletic activities. The pediatrician can play an important role in determining whether a child with a health condition should participate in certain sports by assessing the child's health status, suggesting appropriate equipment or modifications of sports to decrease the risk of injury, and educating the athlete, parent(s) or guardian, and coach regarding the risks of injury as they relate to the child's condition. This report updates a previous policy statement and provides information for pediatricians on sports participation for children and adolescents with medical conditions.
Snail bioaccumulation of triclocarban, triclosan, and methyltriclosan in a north texas, usa, stream affected by wastewater treatment plant runoff
Authors: Coogan Melinda A , Point Thomas W. La 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Grazing by freshwater snails promotes nutrient turnover in algal communities. Grazed algal compartments may include antimicrobial agents and metabolites, such as triclocarban (TCC), triclosan (TCS), and methyltriclosan (MTCS), which are incompletely removed by wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) processing. The present study quantifies snail bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) for TCC, TCS, and MTCS at the outfall of Pecan Creek (TX, USA), the receiving stream for the city of Denton (TX, USA) WWTP. Helisoma trivolvis (Say) is ubiquitous and thrives under standard laboratory conditions, leading to its choice for this bioaccumulation study in conjunction with Cladophora spp. Along with providing substrate for epiphytic growth, Cladophora spp. provide a source of food and shelter for H. trivolvis. After being caged for two weeks, algae and snails were collected from the WWTP outfall, along with water-column samples, and analyzed by isotope dilution gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for TCS and MTCS and by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry for TCC. Algal and snail samples were analyzed before exposure and found to be below practical quantitation limits for all antimicrobial agents. Triclocarban, TCS, and MTCS in water samples were at low-ppt concentrations (40–200 ng/L). Triclocarban, TCS, and MTCS were elevated to low-ppb concentrations (50–300 ng/g fresh wt) in caged snail samples and elevated to low-ppb concentrations (50–400 ng/g fresh wt) in caged algal samples. Resulting snail and algal BAFs were approximately three orders of magnitude, which supports rapid bioaccumulation among algae and adult caged snails at this receiving stream outfall. The results further support TCC, TCS, and MTCS as good candidate marker compounds for evaluation of environmental distribution of trace WWTP contaminants.
Acute, sublethal exposure to a pyrethroid insecticide alters behavior, growth, and predation risk in larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas)
Authors: Floyd Emily Y , Geist Juergen P , Werner Inge 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The present study determined the effects of environmentally relevant, short-term (4-h) exposure to the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate on mortality, food consumption, growth, swimming ability, and predation risk in larvae of the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). Acute effect concentrations were determined, and in subsequent experiments, fish were exposed to the following measured sublethal concentrations: 0.072, 0.455, and 1.142 μg/L of esfenvalerate. To measure growth rates (% dry wt/d), 8-d-old fathead minnows were exposed to esfenvalerate for 4 h, then transferred to control water and held for 7 d. Food consumption and abnormal swimming behavior were recorded daily. Additional behavioral experiments were conducted to evaluate how esfenvalerate affects the optomotor response of the fish. To quantify predation risk, esfenvalerate-exposed fathead minnow larvae were transferred to 9.5-L aquaria, each containing one juvenile threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Sticklebacks were allowed to feed for 45 min, after which the number of surviving minnows was recorded. No mortality occurred during 4-h exposures to esfenvalerate, even at nominal concentrations of greater than 20 μg/L. Delayed mortality (50%) was observed at 2 μg/L after an additional 20 h in clean water. Fish exposed to 0.455 and 1.142 μg/L of esfenvalerate exhibited impaired swimming and feeding ability as well as reduced growth compared to fish exposed to 0.072 μg/L and controls. Predation risk also was significantly increased for larvae exposed to 0.455 and 1.142 μg/L of esfenvalerate. These results demonstrate that larval fish experiencing acute exposures to sublethal concentrations of this insecticide exhibit significant behavioral impairment, leading to reduced growth and increased susceptibility to predation, with potentially severe consequences for their ecological fitness.
Predicting survival of grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) exposed to naphthalene, fluorene, and dibenzothiophene
Authors: Unger Michael A , Newman Michael C , Vadas George G 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The composition and persistence of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) released to the water column during oil spills are altered by weathering, tidal transport, and addition of dispersants. Conventional toxicity effect metrics, such as the median lethal concentration (LC50), are inaccurate predictors of mortality from all toxicant exposure duration/concentration combinations likely to occur during spills. In contrast, survival models can predict the proportions of animals dying as a consequence of exposures differing in duration and intensity. Extending previous work with ethylnaphthalene, dimethylnaphthalene, and phen-anthrene, survival time models were developed that include exposure duration and concentration to predict time to death for grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). Two additional PAHs (naphthalene and fluorene) and a heterocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (dibenzothiophene) were evaluated for the present study. Preliminary explorations of these models confirmed that quantitative structure-activity regression models were possible for predicting survival model parameters from compound characteristics. Conventional 48-h LC50s also were calculated for the compounds and combined with published LC50s to predict relative PAH toxicity to P. pugio based on octanol-water partitioning.
Quantification of C60 fullerene concentrations in water
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Westerhoff Paul , Herckes Pierre 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
The growing usage of nanomaterials is causing emerging concern regarding their environmental behavior in aquatic environments. A major need is the capability to detect and quantify nanomaterials in complex water matrices. Carbon60 fullerene is of special interest because of the widespread application of nanocarbon technology. The present study focuses on how to separate and concentrate fullerenes from water containing salts and organic matter and then quantify their concentrations using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC/MS). The stable aqueous C60 aggregates (nC60) prepared in the present study were approximately 60 to 70 nm in diameter and had an ultraviolet (UV) extinction coefficient of 0.0263 L/mg-cm at 347 nm, which equated to a UV detection limit of 0.4 mg/L based upon an absorbance of 0.01 cm−1. Ultraviolet analysis is not applicable to use in waters containing salts or organics (e.g., tap water) because of their interferences and potential to aggregate nC60 The LS/MS analysis detected C60 as single fullerene rather than aggregates. Three techniques were developed to separate and concentrate nC60 from ultrapure and tap water into toluene to facilitate LC/MS determination: Evaporation of sample to dryness; extraction using 20% NaCl into toluene; and solid-phase extraction. The first two methods had limitations for use in complex water matrices, but aqueous nC60 concentration as low as 300 ng/L in water were quantified using solid-phase extraction (SPE) separation method. This is the first publication on the application of extraction methods for nC60 from ultrapure and tap waters and determination of detection limits by LC/MS.
Tunnel Technique With a Surgical Maneuver to Increase the Graft Extension: Case Report With a 3‐Year Follow‐Up
Authors: Ribeiro Fernando S. , Zandim Daniela L. , Pontes Ana Emília F. , Mantovani Rafael V. , Sampaio José Eduardo C. , Marcantonio Elcio 
Published: April 2008

Background: This article reports a clinical case with a 3‐year follow‐up in which a subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) was used with the tunnel technique to treat multiple gingival recessions, and describes a technique used to enlarge the extension of the graft.Methods: A 41‐year‐old female patient was referred for evaluation and treatment of maxillary multiple recessions. Following basic therapy, the plaque index was 23%, and the gingival index was 12%. Thus, SCTG with the tunnel technique was proposed to provide root coverage of Miller Class I recession on teeth #8 through #11 and a Miller Class III recession on tooth #12. After the donor area had been prepared, SCTG was removed and split cross‐sectionally to lengthen it. The graft was placed through the tunnel and sutured.Results: Two weeks after the surgical procedure, the tissue color was nearly homogeneous with some reddish regions where the connective tissue was left uncovered, and there were no signs of incisions or suture marks. After 3 years of follow‐up, the mean coverage of the recessions was 2.2 ± 0.7 mm (74.2%), which corresponded to the gain of keratinized tissue. In addition, a gain in tissue thickness was observed.Conclusion: In a long‐term evaluation, the tunnel technique with the elongated SCTG was used successfully for treatment of multiple gingival recessions with an increase of the soft tissue volume and gain of keratinized tissue.
Gingival Metastasis From Salivary Duct Carcinoma of the Parotid Gland
Authors: Bernabé Daniel G. , Veronese Luiz A. , Miyahara Glauco I. , Conrado‐Neto Sebastião , Biasoli Éder R. 
Published: April 2008

Background: This article reports a rare case of metastasis of salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland to the gingiva and reviews the occurrence of metastatic processes to the oral mucosa.Methods: A 67‐year‐old white male presented with a chief complaint of a painless nodular tissue growth on the gingiva with reportedly 5 months of evolution. The intraoral examination revealed a reddish, superficially ulcerated nodular lesion (∼2 cm in diameter) on the right mandibular buccal attached gingiva, and the clinical aspect was that of a benign reactive lesion. The patient had undergone a parotidectomy for removal of a salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland almost 1 year before. A biopsy of the gingival lesion was performed, and the biopsied tissue was forwarded for histopathologic examination.Results: The analysis of the histopathologic sections of the gingival lesion revealed histomorphologic characteristics very similar to those of the primary parotid gland tumor. The definitive diagnosis was gingival metastasis from a salivary duct carcinoma of the parotid gland. The patient died of complications of a pulmonary metastasis 1 month after the diagnosis of the oral metastatic lesion.Conclusions: Gingival lesions that mimic reactive and hyperplastic lesions may be metastases from malignant neoplasias of diverse origins. An accurate and timely diagnosis is crucial to establish proper and immediate treatment of the metastatic tumor and possibly identify an occult primary malignant neoplasia.
Coronally Positioned Flap Plus Resin‐Modified Glass Ionomer Restoration for the Treatment of Gingival Recession Associated With Non‐Carious Cervical Lesions: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Santamaria Mauro Pedrine , Suaid Fabricia Ferreira , Casati Marcio Zaffalon , Nociti Francisco Humberto , Sallum Antonio Wilson , Sallum Enilson Antônio 
Published: April 2008

Background: The aim of this randomized clinical trial was to evaluate the treatment of gingival recession associated with non‐carious cervical lesions by a coronally advanced flap alone (CAF) or in combination with a resin‐modified glass ionomer restoration (CAF+R).Methods: Nineteen subjects with bilateral Miller Class I buccal gingival recessions associated with non‐carious cervical lesions were selected. The recessions were assigned randomly to receive CAF or CAF+R. Bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), relative gingival recession (RGR), clinical attachment level (CAL), non‐carious cervical lesion height (CLH), and dentin sensitivity (DS) were measured at baseline; 45 days; and 2, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. Keratinized tissue width (KTW) and keratinized tissue thickness (KTT) were measured at baseline and 6 months. The height of the non‐carious cervical lesion located on the root and crown were estimated, allowing calculation of root coverage.Results: Both groups showed statistically significant gains in CAL and soft tissue coverage. The differences between groups were not statistically significant for BOP, PD, RGR, CAL, KTW, and KTT after 6 months. The percentages of CLH covered were 56.14% ± 11.74% for CAF+R and 59.78% ± 11.11% for CAF (P >0.05). The root and crown surfaces affected by the non‐carious cervical lesion were 1.67 ± 0.31 mm and 0.96 ± 0.29 mm, respectively, for CAF+R and 1.59 ± 0.37 mm and 1.01 ± 0.33 mm, respectively, for CAF. The estimated root coverage was 88.02% ± 19.45% for CAF+R and 97.48% ± 15.36% for CAF (P >0.05). CAF+R reduced DS significantly compared to CAF (P <0.05).Conclusions: Both procedures provided similar soft tissue coverage after 6 months. Despite the fact that a greater reduction in DS was observed after CAF+R, longitudinal observations are necessary to confirm these results.
Periodontal Manifestation of Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency Type I
Authors: Dababneh Reem , Al‐wahadneh Adel M. , Hamadneh Shamekh , Khouri Antwan , Bissada Nabil F. 
Published: April 2008

Background: Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD‐I) is an autosomal recessive immunodeficiency disorder characterized by defects in the integrin receptors of white blood cells that lead to impaired adhesion and chemotaxis. Affected patients are susceptible to recurrent bacterial and fungal infections, impaired pus formation, delayed wound healing, and periodontitis.Methods: A case of generalized advanced periodontal destruction of the permanent and deciduous dentition in a young Jordanian girl with a severe phenotype of LAD‐I is presented in this report. The medical diagnosis was made based on the characteristic clinical and laboratory findings, in particular the total absence of CD18, CD11b, and CD11c as determined by flow cytometry sorting.Results: Periodontal findings in this patient include the early onset of the disease, which affected the primary teeth and permanent dentitions, the intense redness and inflammation of the gingiva, and the rapid periodontal destruction that seems refractory to conventional non‐surgical periodontal therapy.Conclusion: This report emphasizes the importance of the differential diagnosis of severe immunodeficiency disorders in children and adolescents and mandates the importance of combined care by medical and dental practitioners to prevent tooth loss and control oral infection.
Effect of Platelet‐Rich Plasma on Cell Adhesion, Cell Migration, and Myofibroblastic Differentiation in Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Cáceres Mónica , Hidalgo Rodrigo , Sanz Antonio , Martínez Jorge , Riera Paula , Smith Patricio C. 
Published: April 2008

Background: Platelet‐rich plasma is a blood‐derived fraction that contains a high concentration of platelets and growth factors. It was proposed that the use of this platelet concentrate stimulates tissue repair. However, little is known about the biologic response of gingival fibroblasts to platelet's derived growth factors. In the present study, we evaluated whether platelet‐rich plasma modulated cell adhesion, cell migration, and myofibroblastic differentiation in primary cultures of human gingival fibroblasts.Methods: We studied the response of primary cultures of gingival fibroblasts to thrombin‐activated platelet‐rich plasma fractions. Cell adhesion was evaluated through a colorimetric assay. Cell spreading, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and focal adhesion distribution were assessed through light and immunofluorescence microscopy. Cell migration was analyzed using a bicameral cell culture system. Smooth muscle actin production was studied through Western blotting.Results: Exposure of gingival fibroblasts to platelet‐rich plasma stimulated adhesion and spreading of cells on fibronectin matrices, the development of actin‐enriched cellular extensions, and formation of focal adhesions. Platelet‐rich plasma also promoted cell migration and invasion through a reconstituted basement membrane matrix. Differentiation into the myofibroblastic phenotype, assessed through the production of smooth muscle actin, was also stimulated by platelet‐rich plasma preparations.Conclusion: Platelet‐rich plasma may modulate several cell responses potentially involved in wound healing such as cell adhesion, cell migration, and myofibroblastic differentiation.
Gingival Enlargement as a Manifestation of Tuberous Sclerosis: Case Report and Periodontal Management
Authors: Korol Urszula B. , Schoor Robert , Nanda Veena , Almas Khalid , Phelan Joan A. 
Published: April 2008

Background: Tuberous sclerosis is an autosomal‐dominant inherited disease involving many organs of the body. Oral manifestations include gingival enlargement, fibromas, and dental enamel pitting. The report presents a case of tuberous sclerosis with gingival enlargement histologically consistent with angiofibroma, describes its successful periodontal management, and reviews the literature associated with oral manifestations of tuberous sclerosis.Methods: A 26‐year‐old white male presented to the Department of Periodontics and Implant Dentistry, New York University College of Dentistry, with a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis and a chief complaint of gingival enlargement affecting mastication and esthetics. Following a complete medical history review, consultation with the patient's medical team at New York University Medical Center, and a thorough oral and periodontal examination, a treatment plan was developed that included oral hygiene instructions, mechanical debridement, and periodontal reevaluation. This was followed by gingivectomy, which provided improved function and esthetics. Excised tissue was submitted for histologic examination. The patient was followed every 2 months for assessment of the outcome of the surgical treatment. An extensive search of the dental and dermatologic literature was performed on MEDLINE.Results: Histologic examination of the gingival tissue revealed features consistent with angiofibroma. Fifteen months following gingivectomy, the contours and gingival surface appearance remained normal.Conclusions: The gingival enlargement was histologically consistent with the characteristic angiofibromas of tuberous sclerosis. The gingival enlargement responded very well to gingivectomy and periodontal maintenance.
5‐Year Longitudinal Study of Survival Rate and Periodontal Parameter Changes at Sites of Maxillary Canine Autotransplantation
Authors: Arikan Fatih , Nizam Nejat , Sonmez Sule 
Published: April 2008

Background: Although dental transplantation is an accepted treatment modality, few studies have evaluated the prognosis for autotransplantation of maxillary canines, and changes in clinical periodontal parameters still need to be demonstrated. The objectives of this long‐term study were to evaluate the prognosis and changes in clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), soft tissue recession (REC), and radiographic bone level changes between years 1 and 5 for autotransplanted maxillary canines.Methods: Thirty subjects with 32 impacted canines were scheduled for transplantation. Transplanted teeth were splinted for 4 weeks, and endodontic treatments were performed within 1 year after the operation. Radiographs were taken, and PD and CAL were measured for up to 5 years. Progressive root resorption was observed in two teeth, and one tooth was extracted during year 4.Results: The survival rate was 93.5%. CAL and PD tended to increase slightly at all sites, especially at palatal sites after transplantation, whereas the greatest CAL and PD were found at approximal sites, and REC was the same as natural teeth.Conclusions: Maxillary canine transplantation can be a reliable treatment alternative. Clinical measurements demonstrated long‐term stability. Based on the literature and the present findings, maxillary canine transplantation can be suggested as a promising treatment modality.
Periodontal Disease in Hispanic Americans With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Novak M. John , Potter Richard M. , Blodgett Janet , Ebersole Jeffrey L. 
Published: April 2008

Background:Diabetes is a major risk factor for the development of periodontal disease in certain populations. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes is increased in Hispanic Americans, but its impact on the extent and severity of periodontal disease in this population has not been determined.Methods:Sixty‐three Hispanic Americans, aged 33 to 72 years, from South Texas were grouped based on the presence or absence of type 2 diabetes. Past medical histories, including smoking, were obtained. Periodontal status was evaluated by measuring probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), plaque, bleeding on probing, visual gingival inflammation, and calculus.Results:Type 2 diabetes was associated frequently with major medical complications in this population. Diabetes was associated with significantly more calculus formation and tooth loss and an increased extent and severity of periodontitis. Subjects with diabetes had nearly three times the mean CAL and frequency of PD >6 mm than subjects without diabetes and nearly twice the frequency of moderate to advanced attachment loss (≥3 mm). Smoking and diabetes had significant independent effects on mean CAL and the frequency of deep pockets. Diabetes and smoking combined were associated with a significantly higher frequency of sites with CAL ≥3 mm compared to healthy non‐smokers, healthy smokers, and non‐smokers with diabetes.Conclusions:Hispanic Americans with type 2 diabetes had more supra‐ and subgingival calculus, an increased extent and severity of periodontal destruction, and an increased frequency of tooth loss due to periodontitis. An additive/synergistic contribution of type 2 diabetes and smoking for increasing the extent of periodontal disease was observed.