bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predicting parallel application performance via machine learning approaches
Authors: Singh Karan , İpek Engin , McKee Sally A. , de Supinski Bronis R. , Schulz Martin , Caruana Rich 
Published: May 2007

AbstractConsistently growing architectural complexity and machine scales make the creation of accurate performance models for large‐scale applications increasingly challenging. Traditional analytic models are difficult and time consuming to construct, and are often unable to capture full system and application complexity. To address these challenges, we automatically build models based on execution samples. We use multilayer neural networks, because they can represent arbitrary functions and handle noisy inputs robustly. In this paper we focus on two well‐known parallel applications whose variations in execution times are not well understood: SMG 2000, a semicoarsening multigrid solver, and HPL, an open‐source implementation of LINPACK. We sparsely sample performance data on two radically different platforms across large, multidimensional parameter spaces and show that our models based on these data can predict performance within 2% to 7% of actual application runtimes. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Iron protoporphyrin‐modified monolithic support for on‐line preconcentration of angiotensin prior to CE analysis
Authors: Yone Ángel , Rusell María Lucía , Grasselli Mariano , Vizioli Nora M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAn on‐line preconcentration method using a polymeric monolithic support is proposed for the retention of the decapeptide angiotensin I and its subsequent analysis by CZE. Monolithic capillary columns were prepared in fused‐silica (FS) capillaries of 150 μm id by ionizing radiation‐initiated in situ polymerization and cross‐linking of diethylene glycol dimethacrylate and glycidyl methacrylate, and chemically modified with iron protoporphyrin IX (Fe‐ProP). Monolithic microcolumns (8 mm long) were coupled on‐line to the inlet of the separation capillary (FS capillary, 75 μm id ×10 cm from the inlet to the microcolumn and 27 cm from the microcolumn to the detector). Angiotensin I was released from the sorbent by a 50 mM sodium phosphate, pH 2.5/ACN, 75:25 v/v solution and then analyzed by CZE with UV absorption detection at 214 nm. The concentration LOQ (CLOQ) was 0.5 ng/mL. The Fe‐ProP‐derivatized monolithic microcolumn coupled to the separation capillary exhibited a high retention capacity for peptide angiotensin I, and showed as much as 10 000‐fold improvement in concentration sensitivity.
Reduction of Selenium Oxyanions in Wastewater Using Two Bacterial Strains
Authors: Morita M. , Uemoto H. , Watanabe A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe biological reduction of selenium oxyanions is capable of reducing both selenate and selenite to insoluble elemental selenium. In this process, however, bacteria inevitably require expensive chemicals such as yeast extract in almost all cases. Therefore, the reduction of selenium oxyanions with inexpensive alcohol would be more practical. A Pseudomonas sp. strain 4C‐C isolated from a sludge in a wastewater treatment facility was able to reduce selenate to selenite using ethanol as an electron donor for its anaerobic respiration, but could not reduce selenite to elemental selenium. Paracoccus denitrificans JCM‐6892, on the other hand, was observed to be able to reduce selenite to elemental selenium in the presence of ethanol, but not selenate to selenite. Therefore, a mixture containing a suspension of Pseudomonas sp. strain 4C‐C and P. denitrificans JCM‐6892 cells allowed selenate to be reduced to insoluble elemental selenium via selenite in the presence of ethanol and was also capable of reducing nitrate to nitrogen gas. Aiming at simplicity of the recovery process of insoluble elemental selenium, a polymeric gel immobilized mixture of the two bacterial strains was examined using ethanol as an electron donor. The immobilized mixture could therefore reduce not only selenate to elemental selenium, but also nitrate to nitrogen gas in a single step. The gel that immobilized the microbial mixture changed its color during the process to bright red and no red elemental selenium was left in the wastewater. This indicates that the reduced elemental selenium was completely absorbed in the gel. This simple bacterial combination would therefore be effective in the presence of ethanol to reduce selenium oxyanions in various wastewaters containing selenium and the other oxyanions.
Process Design for the Microbial Synthesis of Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate (PHB) from Natural Gas
Authors: Listewnik H.‐F. , Wendlandt K.‐D. , Jechorek M. , Mirschel G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA process design for a two‐stage procedure for the production of PHB from natural gas based on the results, obtained on a laboratory and small technical scale, was developed. For this purpose, four bioreactors were dimensioned and interconnected so as to achieve a quasi‐continuous PHB production. A price of 6.35 €/kg PHB was pre‐calculated for the biosynthesis in a plant producing 500 t PHB/year. An extrapolation, which included the incorporation of various downstream procedures to achieve purities dependent on applications, resulted in prices between 11.50 and 14.00 €/kg for the purified final product. Estimations indicate that an expansion of the plant capacity to 5,000 t/year could enable a price reduction of approx. 30–35 %.
Is volatility risk priced in the securities market? Evidence from S&P 500 index options
Authors: Arisoy Yakup Eser , Salih Aslihan , Akdeniz Levent 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe authors examine whether volatility risk is a priced risk factor in securities returns. Zero‐beta at‐the‐money straddle returns of the S&P 500 index are used to measure volatility risk. It is demonstrated that volatility risk captures time variation in the stochastic discount factor. The results suggest that straddle returns are important conditioning variables in asset pricing, and investors use straddle returns when forming their expectations about securities returns. One interesting finding is that different classes of firms react differently to volatility risk. For example, small firms and value firms have negative and significant volatility coefficients, whereas big firms and growth firms have positive and significant volatility coefficients during high‐volatility periods, indicating that investors see these latter firms as hedges against volatile states of the economy. Overall, these findings have important implications for portfolio formation, risk management, and hedging strategies. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:617–642, 2007
Pulmonary lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM): Progress and current challenges
Authors: Goncharova Elena A. , Krymskaya Vera P. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractLymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), a rare lung disease, is characterized by the progressive proliferation, migration, and differentiation of smooth muscle (SM)‐like LAM cells, which lead to the cystic destruction of the lung parenchyma, obstruction of airways and lymphatics, and loss of pulmonary function. LAM is a disease predominantly affecting women and is exacerbated by pregnancy; only a lung transplant can save the life of a patient. It has been discovered that in LAM, somatic or genetic mutations of tumor suppressor genes tuberous sclerosis complex 1 (TSC1) or TSC2 occur and the TSC1/TSC2 protein complex functions as a negative regulator of the mTOR/S6K1 signaling pathway. These two pivotal observations paved the way for the first rapamycin clinical trial for LAM. The recent discoveries that TSC1/TSC2 complex functions as an integrator of signaling networks regulated by growth factors, insulin, nutrients, and energy heightened the interest regarding this rare disease because the elucidation of disease‐relevant mechanisms of LAM will promote a better understanding of other metabolic diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we will summarize the progress made in our understanding of TSC1/TSC2 cellular signaling and the molecular mechanisms of LAM; we will also highlight some of the lesser explored directions and challenges in LAM research. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 369–382, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Skeletal stem/osteoprogenitor cells: Current concepts, alternate hypotheses, and relationship to the bone remodeling compartment
Authors: Mödder Ulrike I. , Khosla Sundeep 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPlastic adherent bone marrow stromal cells have become synonymous with skeletal stem cells, and perhaps rightfully so, as these cells have been extremely well characterized over the past four decades, since their original description by Friedenstein. However, although this cell population is useful as an experimental model of precursors for osteoblasts and other mesenchymal lineages, the precise role of bone marrow stromal cells in bone remodeling, fracture repair, or repair of non‐skeletal tissues remains unclear. Moreover, there is a conceptual problem in terms of postulating that these cells are osteoblast precursors at sites of bone remodeling on trabecular surfaces adjacent to red marrow and yet having to posit potentially entirely different mechanisms for the origins of osteoblasts at sites of cortical bone remodeling distant from red marrow. Thus, the identification and characterization in recent years of non‐adherent stem and osteoprogenitor cells in the bone marrow, of similar cells in the peripheral circulation, and of stem/osteoprogenitor cells arising either from the perivascular compartment (pericytes) or within the developing vascular wall itself, has suggested alternative candidate cell populations that may help to resolve the problem of postulating different mechanisms of remodeling in trabecular versus cortical bone. When coupled with our evolving understanding of the bone remodeling compartment (BRC), a closed cavity penetrated by capillaries which appears to be the site of remodeling in both trabecular and cortical bone, it is likely that our conceptual understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of bone remodeling will need to be modified. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 393–400, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
PKC‐ζ expression is lower in osteoblasts from arthritic patients: IL1‐β and TNF‐α induce a similar decrease in non‐arthritic human osteoblasts
Authors: Zini Nicoletta , Bavelloni Alberto , Lisignoli Gina , Ghisu Sonia , Valmori Aurelio , Martelli Alberto Maria , Facchini Andrea , Maraldi Nadir Mario 
Published: May 2007

AbstractProtein kinase C (PKC) is a family of enzymes detected in a diverse range of cell types where they regulate various cellular functions such as proliferation, differentiation, cytoskeletal remodelling, cytokine production, and receptor‐mediated signal transduction. In this study we have analyzed the expression of 11 PKC isoforms (‐α, ‐βI, ‐βII, ‐γ, ‐δ, ‐η, ‐θ, ‐ε, ‐ζ, ‐ι/λ, and ‐µ) in osteoblasts from patients with osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in comparison with osteoblasts from post‐traumatic (PT) patients. By Western blotting analysis, nine isoforms, ‐α, ‐βI, ‐βII, ‐δ, ‐θ, ‐ ε, ‐ζ, ‐ ι/λ, and ‐µ, were detected in osteoblasts. In RA and OA patients, PKC ‐θ and ‐µ were greater expressed whereas PKC‐ε and ‐ζ decreased when compared with normal cells. The subcellular distribution and quantitative differences were confirmed by immuno‐electron microscopy. Furthermore, we demonstrated that treatment with the proinflammatory cytokines, IL‐1β and TNF‐α, significantly decreased PKC‐ζ expression in PT osteoblasts. This suggests that proinflammatory cytokines can modulate the expression of this PKC isoform in osteoblasts in a way which is similar to changes detected in arthritic patients. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 547–555, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estrogen‐TGFβ cross‐talk in bone and other cell types: Role of TIEG, Runx2, and other transcription factors
Authors: Hawse J. R. , Subramaniam M. , Ingle J. N. , Oursler M. J. , Rajamannan N. M. , Spelsberg T. C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIt is well established that E2 and TGFβ have major biological effects in multiple tissues, including bone. The signaling pathways through which these two factors elicit their effects are well documented. However, the interaction between these two pathways and the potential consequences of cross‐talk between E2 and TGFβ continue to be elucidated. In this prospectus, we present known and potential roles of TIEG, Runx2, and other transcription factors as important mediators of signaling between these two pathways. J. Cell. Biochem. 103: 383–392, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Whey acidic protein (WAP) regulates the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells by preventing serine protease from degrading laminin
Authors: Nukumi Naoko , Iwamori Tokuko , Kano Kiyoshi , Naito Kunihiko , Tojo Hideaki 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWhey acidic protein (WAP) is a major whey protein in milk that has structural similarity to the family of serine protease inhibitors with WAP motif domains characterized by a four‐disulfide core. We previously reported that enforced expression of the mouse WAP transgene in mammary epithelial cells inhibits their proliferation in vitro and in vivo by means of suppressing cyclin D1 expression (Nukumi et al., 2004, Dev Biol 274: 31–44). This study was conducted in order to clarify the molecular mechanism of the inhibitory function of WAP in HC11 cells, a mammary epithelial cell line. The assembly of laminin, a component in the extracellular matrix, was much more prominent around WAP‐clonal HC11 cells that stably expressed the WAP transgene than around mock‐clonal HC11 cells, and the proliferation of WAP‐clonal HC11 cells was particularly inhibited in the presence of laminin. A laminin degradation assay demonstrated that WAP inhibited the activity of the pancreatic elastase‐mediated cleavage of laminin B1 and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. ERK1/2 phosphorylation was blocked by an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor AG1478. Treatment with pancreatic elastase was found to enhance the proliferation of mock‐clonal HC11 cells, but had no effect on that of WAP‐clonal HC11 cells. The proliferation of WAP‐clonal HC11 cells was recovered by the addition of exogenous EGF. We concluded that WAP plays some role in regulating the proliferation of mammary epithelial cells by preventing elastase‐type serine protease from carrying out laminin degradation and thereby suppressing the MAP kinase signal pathway. J. Cell. Physiol. 213:793–800. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glucocorticoid induced expression of connective tissue growth factor contributes to lactogenic differentiation of mouse mammary epithelial cells
Authors: Wang Weihan , Morrison Bethanie , Galbaugh Traci , Jose Cynthia C. , Kenney Nicholas , Cutler Mary Lou 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe response of mammary epithelial cells to basement membrane and stroma induced signals contributes to the degree of differentiation in this tissue. The studies reported here indicate that connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is highly elevated during lactogenic differentiation of the HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cell line. In addition, CTGF is expressed in the mouse mammary gland during pregnancy and lactation and it is expressed in primary mammary epithelial cell cultures established from pregnant mice. In HC11 cells CTGF is transcriptionally regulated by dexamethasone, but not by estrogen or progesterone, and CTGF expression is not dependent on TGFβ. CTGF contributes to and is required for lactogenic differentiation of HC11 cells, as demonstrated by increased differentiation following expression of plasmid‐encoded CTGF and decreased differentiation following depletion of endogenous CTGF with siRNA. Moreover, HC11 mouse mammary epithelial cells infected with an adenoviral vector encoding CTGF exhibit increased lactogenic differentiation. Plasmid vector‐induced elevation of CTGF levels also increased the level of β1 integrin in HC11 cells. Because the production of stromal factors is an important component of differentiation in mammary epithelial cells, the regulation of CTGF by glucocorticoids may play a critical role in this aspect of the control of differentiation. The studies reported here provide important information on the role of CTGF in mammary epithelial cell differentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:38–46, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
BMP‐5 expression increases during chondrocyte differentiation in vivo and in vitro and promotes proliferation and cartilage matrix synthesis in primary chondrocyte cultures
Authors: Mailhot Geneviève , Yang Meiheng , Mason‐Savas April , MacKay Carole A. , Leav Irwin , Odgren Paul R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play pivotal roles in bone and cartilage growth and repair. Through phenotypes of short‐ear (se) mice, which have BMP‐5 mutations, a role for BMP‐5 in some specific aspects of skeletogenesis and cartilage growth is known. This report examines BMP‐5 expression in the growth plate and in differentiating cultures of primary chondrocytes, and the effects of addition of BMP‐5 or its inhibition by anti‐BMP‐5 antibody in chondrocyte cultures. By laser capture microdissection and immunohistochemistry, we found that BMP‐5 is expressed in proliferating zone (PZ) chondrocytes and that the expression increases sharply with hypertrophic differentiation. A similar pattern was observed in differentiating cultures of primary chondrocytes, with BMP‐5 expression increasing as cells differentiated, in contrast to other BMPs. BMP‐5 added to cultures increased cell proliferation early in the culture period and also stimulated cartilage matrix synthesis. Also, BMP‐5 addition to the cultures activated phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8 and p38 MAP kinase and caused increased nuclear accumulation of phospho‐Smads. Anti‐BMP‐5 antibody inhibited the endogenous BMP‐5, reducing cell proliferation and phospho‐Smad nuclear accumulation. Together, the results demonstrate that BMP‐5 is normally an important regulator of chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. Whether other BMPs may compensate in BMP‐5 loss‐of‐function mutations is discussed. J. Cell. Physiol. 214:56–64, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Iron withholding as an innate immune mechanism in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Merchant Mark , Sanders Paige , Dronette Jessica , Mills Kaili , Berken Jennifer 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPathogenic microbes require Fe and Zn for growth and proliferation. Upon infection, microbes produce proteins, called sidephores, designed to strip serum divalent metals away from host proteins. Higher vertebrates respond to infection by increasing the expression of proteins that sequester serum iron away from bacteria. As a result, host plasma Fe levels decrease during the initial phases of infection. This study was conducted to determine if the American alligator, an ancient reptile, exhibits the same innate immune mechanism to protect against in vivo microbial proliferation. Intraperitoneal injection of juvenile captive alligators with bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) resulted in a time‐dependent decrease in plasma Fe, as determined by inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy. Plasma Fe levels decreased by 5.9, 10.6, and 18.6% relative to untreated control levels at 3, 6, and 12 hr post‐injection, respectively, and remained decreased by 12.0% at 48 hr. Alligators injected with pyrogen‐free saline did not exhibit statistically significant changes in plasma Fe concentrations at any time point observed. In contrast, serum Zn and Cu remained unchanged relative to untreated controls. To insure that the decreases in plasma Fe were not due to the repeated blood collections during the course of the kinetic study, another experiment was conducted in which plasma metals were measured at 24 hr post‐injection. Once again, plasma Fe was reduced by 30.2%, whereas Zn and Cu did not exhibit appreciable changes. These results show that alligators exhibit low plasma Fe levels during an inflammatory response induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:406–410, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hox genes in the antarctic polyplacophoran Nuttallochiton mirandus
Authors: Biscotti Maria Assunta , Canapa Adriana , Olmo Ettore , Barucca Marco 
Published: May 2007

AbstractHox genes are conserved across all bilaterians and encode transcription factors involved in the formation of the anteroposterior axis during embryo development. Differences in homeotic gene evolution have been observed not only between deuterostomes and protostomes, but also between the two large protostome clades, Ecdysozoa and Lophotrochozoa.Among lophotrochozoans, the phylum Mollusca displays high diversity of body plans, ranging from the wormlike appearance of aplacophorans to the complex body plan of cephalopods. Using a PCR‐based method, we were able to identify eight Hox genes in the polyplacophoran Nuttallochiton mirandus, two orthologous to the anterior class (lab, pb), four to the central class (Scr, Lox5, Antp, Lox2) and two to the posterior class (Post‐1, Post‐2). Comparison with the results obtained in other molluscs seems to confirm the conservation of Hox genes in this phylum in terms of both presence and characteristics. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:507–513, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Detection of cocaine in the airborne particles of the Italian cities Rome and Taranto
Authors: Cecinato Angelo , Balducci Catia 
Published: May 2007

AbstractCocaine was first detected in the air of two Italian cities, Rome and Taranto, where it reached concentrations sometimes exceeding 100 pg/m3, by HRGC–MS analysis of carbonaceous aerosol samples. By contrast, the drug was virtually absent in Algiers (Algeria). In Italy, atmospheric concentrations of cocaine were, on average, similar to those of other toxic pollutants like polychlorobiphenyls or nitrated polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons, and higher than those of polychlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxins/polychlorodibenzofurans. The cocaine concentrations seemed to correlate with regional consumption of the drug in Rome and Taranto. By contrast, it correlated neither with nicotine or caffeine, nor with benzo[a]pyrene, the sole organic compound associated with aerosols that is quoted according to Italian legislation.
Mechanical Properties of Comonomer‐Compositionally Fractionated Poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐mercaptopropionate)] with Low 3‐Mercaptopropionate Unit Content
Authors: Yu Fang , Dong Tungalag , Zhu Bo , Tajima Kouichirou , Yazawa Kouji , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe mechanical properties, such as Young's modulus, yield strength, and the elongation at breakage, were investigated for several sulfur‐containing biopolymers P(3HB‐co‐3MP). A series of P(3HB‐co‐3MP) samples with 3MP unit content ranging from 6.6 to 39.1 mol‐% was biosynthesized by fermentation using the PHA‐synthesizing bacteria Cupriavidus necator. For comparison, the bacterially synthesized P(3HB) and P(3HB‐co‐3HP) with the 3HP unit content ranging from 13.1 to 21.1 mol‐% were also investigated. It was found that the sulfur‐containing P(3HB‐co‐3MP) is much more durable to stretching. Notably, P(3HB‐co‐3MP) with the 3MP unit content of only 6.6 mol‐% was found to show excellent mechanical properties.magnified image