bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF TOTAL LIPID AND FATTY ACID CONTENTS IN THE MUSCLE OF TWO AUSTRALIAN FARMED ABALONE SPECIES
Authors: SU XIAO‐QUN , ANTONAS KIRIAKOS , LI DUO , NICHOLS PETER 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT The total lipid content and individual fatty acid (FA) concentrations of two farmed abalone species, greenlip abalone (Haliotis laevigata) and blacklip abalone (Haliotis rubra), were analyzed through four seasons using gas liquid chromatography. Similar variations were recorded for the two species. Significantly higher concentrations of total lipid and total saturated fatty acids were found in summer, while the contents of total n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and total monounsaturated fatty acids were markedly higher in winter and spring. The two predominant n‐3 PUFAs were eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n‐3; 34–43%) and docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n‐3; 40–53%). The seasonal variation of EPA was similar to that of total n‐3 PUFA, while the contents of DPA were significantly higher in winter, spring and summer than in autumn. A higher n‐3/n‐6 PUFA ratio was found in winter and autumn in greenlip abalone. Other main FAs, including 16:0, 18:0, 17:1, 18:1n‐9, 18:1n‐7, 18:2n‐6, 20:4n‐6 and 22:2 NMI, also showed seasonal variations. Farmed abalone represents a source of the health‐benefiting long‐chain n‐3 PUFA (n‐3 LC‐PUFA) for human consumption, with n‐3 LC‐PUFA content of 65–106 mg/100 g.
POTENTIAL ANTIOXIDATIVE EFFECTS OF CACTUS PEAR FRUIT (OPUNTIA FICUS‐INDICA) EXTRACT ON RADICAL SCAVENGING AND DNA DAMAGE REDUCTION IN HUMAN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOCYTES
Authors: SIRIWARDHANA NALIN , SHAHIDI FEREIDOON , JEON YOU‐JIN 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT Cactus pear fruit (Opuntia ficus‐indica) extract (CPFE) was investigated for its antioxidative and DNA damage reduction using electron spin resonance spectroscopy and comet assays on human peripheral lymphocytes, respectively. Scavenging of 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl adducts by CPFE at 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL was 32.5, 56.7 and 71.6%, respectively. CPFE at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL scavenged 19.2 and 63.6% of 5,5‐dimethyl‐1‐pyrroline N‐oxide‐OH adducts. Alkyl radical scavenging effect of CPFE at 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mg/mL was 38.0, 42.4, 67.5 and 78.8%, respectively. CPFE reduced the H2O2‐induced DNA damage in lymphocytes (CPFE at 0.1 mg/mL totally inhibited the damage). The data demonstrate that both antioxidative and DNA damage‐reduction activities are increased with increasing CPFE dosage. These results demonstrate the antioxidative and DNA damage‐reducing efficacy of CPFE constituents as potential sources of raw material for pharmaceutical and functional food industries.
SOURNESS–SWEETNESS INTERACTIONS IN DIFFERENT MEDIA: WHITE WINE, ETHANOL AND WATER*
Authors: ZAMORA MARÍA CLARA , GOLDNER MARÍA CRISTINA , GALMARINI MARA VIRGINIA 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to study the sourness–sweetness interactions in water, white wine and alcoholic environment to interpret sweet/sour perception in low concentrations within the range normally encountered in white wine. Nine trained assessors rated sweetness and sourness intensity in mixtures of fructose (11.1, 25.0 and 38.9 mM) and tartaric acid (pH 3.0, 3.4 and 3.8) in water and wine (experiment 1) or ethanol solutions at 2.0, 4.0 and 12.0% v/v (experiment 2). The range of quantitative responses was larger for sourness than for sweetness in the three media. The global sourness intensity perception in wine mixtures was significantly lower than in water and ethanol mixtures, indicating the effect of other wine components. The suppressive effect of tartaric acid on fructose sweetness was stronger than the suppressive effect of fructose on tartaric acid sourness.
Understanding Israelite Religion: New Challenges for Chinese Bible Translations
Authors: Chen Yiyi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWith improvements in archaeological methodology, new discoveries in Syria‐Palestine, as well as tremendous progress of knowledge about the Ancient Near East in the past several decades, we have never understood Israelite religion as reflected in the geographical and chronological scope of the Hebrew Bible better than now. However, today the most widely distributed and utilized Chinese translation of the Bible is the Union version, which was produced more than 100 years ago. At the dawn of the twenty‐first century, the preparation of an improved translation of the Bible based on our better understanding of Israelite religion is brought to the agenda. However, in order not to produce yet another paraphrased Chinese version of one or a combination of several existing English versions that most probably would not outlast the one‐hundred‐year‐old Union version, a group effort of seminary‐trained theologians, scholars in the Ancient Near East fields, as well as different sectarians among Christians, is called for. Never before in the history of China is this country more ready than today to execute such a plan, and the general public to embrace a translation reflecting Israelite religion as recorded in the Bible.
Peroxisomal Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Is Not Essential for Virulence of
Candida albicans
Authors: Piekarska Katarzyna , Mol Els , van den Berg Marlene , Hardy Guy , van den Burg Janny , van Roermund Carlo , MacCallum Donna , Odds Frank , Distel Ben 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

Phagocytic cells form the first line of defense against infections by the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
. Recent in vitro gene expression data suggest that upon phagocytosis by macrophages,
C. albicans
reprograms its metabolism to convert fatty acids into glucose by inducing the enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and fatty acid β-oxidation pathway. Here, we asked whether fatty acid β-oxidation, a metabolic pathway localized to peroxisomes, is essential for fungal virulence by constructing two
C. albicans
double deletion strains: a
pex5Δ/pex5Δ
mutant, which is disturbed in the import of most peroxisomal enzymes, and a
fox2Δ/fox2Δ
mutant, which lacks the second enzyme of the β-oxidation pathway. Both mutant strains had strongly reduced β-oxidation activity and, accordingly, were unable to grow on media with fatty acids as a sole carbon source. Surprisingly, only the
fox2Δ/fox2Δ
mutant, and not the
pex5Δ/pex5Δ
mutant, displayed strong growth defects on nonfermentable carbon sources other than fatty acids (e.g., acetate, ethanol, or lactate) and showed attenuated virulence in a mouse model for systemic candidiasis. The degree of virulence attenuation of the
fox2Δ/fox2Δ
mutant was comparable to that of the
icl1Δ/icl1Δ
mutant, which lacks a functional glyoxylate cycle and also fails to grow on nonfermentable carbon sources. Together, our data suggest that peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation is not essential for virulence of
C. albicans
, implying that the attenuated virulence of the
fox2Δ/fox2Δ
mutant is largely due to a dysfunctional glyoxylate cycle.
Tcc1p, a Novel Protein Containing the Tetratricopeptide Repeat Motif, Interacts with Tup1p To Regulate Morphological Transition and Virulence in
Candida albicans
Authors: Kaneko Aki , Umeyama Takashi , Utena-Abe Yuki , Yamagoe Satoshi , Niimi Masakazu , Uehara Yoshimasa 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The transcriptional factor CaTup1p represses many genes involved in intracellular processes, including the yeast-hypha
transition, in the human fungal pathogen
Candida albicans
. Using tandem affinity purification technology, we identified a novel
protein that interacts with CaTup1p, named Tcc1p (Tup1p complex component). Tcc1p is a
C. albicans
-specific protein with a
736-amino-acid polypeptide with four tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs in the N-terminal portion. Tcc1p formed a protein complex with
CaTup1p via the TPR domain of Tcc1p, independently of CaSsn6p-CaTup1p The
tcc1Δ
disruptant showed filamentous growth under conditions inducing the yeast form, as is true of the Ca
tup1
Δ mutant. Consistent with this result, the
common set of hypha-specific genes was negatively regulated by both
TCC1
and Ca
TUP1
. These observations will provide new insights into CaTup1p-dependent transcriptional gene regulation in
C. albicans
.
Specific Inhibition of the Plasmodial Surface Anion Channel by Dantrolene
Authors: Lisk Godfrey , Kang Myungsa , Cohn Jamieson V. , Desai Sanjay A. 
Published: November 2006

ABSTRACT

The plasmodial surface anion channel (PSAC), induced on human erythrocytes by the malaria parasite
Plasmodium falciparum
, is an important target for antimalarial drug development because it may contribute to parasite nutrient acquisition. However, known antagonists of this channel are quite nonspecific, inhibiting many other channels and carriers. This lack of specificity not only complicates drug development but also raises doubts about the exact role of PSAC in the well-known parasite-induced permeability changes. We recently identified a family of new PSAC antagonists structurally related to dantrolene, an antagonist of muscle Ca
++
release channels. Here, we explored the mechanism of dantrolene's actions on parasite-induced permeability changes. We found that dantrolene inhibits the increased permeabilities of sorbitol, two amino acids, an organic cation, and hypoxanthine, suggesting a common pathway shared by these diverse solutes. It also produced parallel reductions in PSAC single-channel and whole-cell Cl
−
currents. In contrast to its effect on parasite-induced permeabilities, dantrolene had no measurable effect on five other classes of anion channels, allaying concerns of poor specificity inherent to other known antagonists. Our studies indicate that dantrolene binds PSAC at an extracellular site distinct from the pore, where it inhibits the conformational changes required for channel gating. Its affinity for this site depends on ionic strength, implicating electrostatic interactions in dantrolene binding. In addition to the potential therapeutic applications of its derivatives, dantrolene's specificity and its defined mechanism of action on PSAC make it a useful tool for transport studies of infected erythrocytes.
AFD MULTIPLIER ALGEBRAS
Authors: NG P. W. 
Published: November 2006

We show that the multiplier algebra of a simple stable nuclear C*-algebra has a property similar to that of an AFD or hyperfinite von Neumann algebra. Specifically, we prove the following:Theorem 0.1. Let [Formula: see text] be a unital simple separable C*-algebra. Let [Formula: see text] be the multiplier algebra of the stabilization of [Formula: see text]. Then [Formula: see text] is nuclear if and only if [Formula: see text] has the AFD-type property.We also study a stronger property called the "strong AFD-type property". We show that if [Formula: see text] is a unital simple real rank zero AT-algebra with unique trace, then the multiplier algebra [Formula: see text] of the stabilization of [Formula: see text] has the strong AFD-type property, and we raise the question of whether this is true more generally.
Epigenetic Inactivation of theHOXAGene Cluster in Breast Cancer
Authors: Novak Petr , Jensen Taylor , Oshiro Marc M. , Wozniak Ryan J. , Nouzova Marcella , Watts George S. , Klimecki Walter T. , Kim Christina , Futscher Bernard W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUsing an integrated approach of epigenomic scanning and gene expression profiling, we found aberrant methylation and epigenetic silencing of a small neighborhood of contiguous genes—the HOXA gene cluster in human breast cancer. The observed transcriptional repression was localized to ∼100 kb of the HOXA gene cluster and did not extend to genes located upstream or downstream of the cluster. Bisulfite sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and quantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis confirmed that the loss of expression of the HOXA gene cluster in human breast cancer is closely linked to aberrant DNA methylation and loss of permissive histone modifications in the region. Pharmacologic manipulations showed the importance of these aberrant epigenetic changes in gene silencing and support the hypothesis that aberrant DNA methylation is dominant to histone hypoacetylation. Overall, these data suggest that inactivation of the HOXA gene cluster in breast cancer may represent a new type of genomic lesion—epigenetic microdeletion. We predict that epigenetic microdeletions are common in human cancer and that they functionally resemble genetic microdeletions but are defined by epigenetic inactivation and transcriptional silencing of a relatively small set of contiguous genes along a chromosome, and that this type of genomic lesion is metastable and reversible in a classic epigenetic fashion. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(22): 10664-70)
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of retrotransposons IAP and MuERV-L affect pluripotency of mice ES cells
Authors: Ramírez Miguel A , Pericuesta Eva , Fernandez-Gonzalez Raul , Moreira Pedro , Pintado Belen , Gutierrez-Adan Alfonso 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
In the mouse, culture of embryonic stem (ES) cells may decrease their pluripotency and give rise to foetal abnormalities in recipient embryos. These abnormalities are frequently associated with both, chromosome abnormalities or epigenetic alteration of imprinting genes; however, little is known about the epigenetic stability of endogenous retrotransposable elements (REs). In our laboratory, we came across a R1 ES cell line, which at passage 27, lost the ability of germline transmission and started inducing the kinky tail phenotype in all chimeric animals produced with it.

Methods
In order to investigate whether this phenotype was associated with chromosome alteration, inadvertent differentiation, or epigenetic modification, we characterized and compared this R1 ES cell line at passage 27 with an early passage and with a second ES cell line C57/CBAF1 generated in our laboratory. We assessed: i) karyotype; ii) expression of pluripotent and differentiation markers, iii) mRNA transcription by qRT-PCR of two REs, intracisternal-A particle (IAP) and murine endogenous-retrovirus-L (MuERV-L), and iv) methylation of IAP and MuERV-L.

Results
The R1 ES cell at passage 27, presented normal morphology, karyotype, and expression of genetic markers characteristic of pluripotent; however, it was detected an altered mRNA transcription of sense and antisense RNA strands of both REs, concomitantly with an altered methylation pattern for the IAP element but not for MuERV-L. These results indicate that besides methylation, other post-transcriptional processes are involved in gene silencing of some REs; and that culture of ES cells may decrease their pluripotency by producing inadvertent alterations in the expression of REs without significantly affecting the morphology, chromosome structure, and expression of pluripotent or differentiation markers.

Conclusion
Inadvertent REs instability may have important consequences for the use of ES cells in transgenesis (chimera formation) or in cell therapy.
Persistent resistance to HIV-1 infection in CD4 T cells from exposed uninfected Vietnamese individuals is mediated by entry and post-entry blocks
Authors: Sáez-Cirión Asier , Versmisse Pierre , Truong Lien X , Chakrabarti Lisa A , Carpentier Wassila , Barré-Sinoussi Françoise , Scott-Algara Daniel , Pancino Gianfranco 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

Background
We have previously reported that CD4 T cells from some exposed uninfected (EU) Vietnamese intravenous drug users are relatively resistant to HIV infection in vitro. Here, we further characterized the restriction of viral replication in CD4 T cells from five EUs and assessed its persistence in serial samples.

Results
CD4 T cells and/or PBMC sampled during a period of between 2 and 6 years were challenged with replication-competent HIV-1 and other retroviral particles pseudotyped with envelope proteins of various tropisms. CCR5 expression and function in resistant CD4 T cells was evaluated. The step at which HIV-1 replication is restricted was investigated by real-time PCR quantification of HIV-1 reverse transcripts.
We identified three patterns of durable HIV-1 restriction in EU CD4 T cells. CD4 T cells from four of the five EU subjects were resistant to HIV-1 R5 infection. In two cases this resistance was associated with low CCR5 surface expression, which was itself associated with heterozygous CCR5 mutations. In the other two cases, CD4 T cells were resistant to HIV-1 R5 infection despite normal CCR5 expression and signaling function, and normal β-chemokine secretion upon CD4 T cell activation. Instead, restriction appeared to be due to enhanced CD4 T cell sensitivity to β-chemokines in these two subjects. In the fifth EU subject the restriction involved post-entry steps of viral replication and affected not only HIV-1 but also other lentiviruses. The restriction was not overcome by a high viral inoculum, suggesting that it was not mediated by a saturable inhibitory factor.

Conclusion
Various constitutive mechanisms of CD4 T cell resistance to HIV-1 infection, affecting entry or post-entry steps of viral replication, are associated with resistance to HIV-1 in subjects who remain uninfected despite long-term high-risk behavior.
Identifying related cancer types based on their incidence among people with multiple cancers
Authors: Bajdik Chris D , Abanto Zenaida U , Spinelli John J , Brooks-Wilson Angela , Gallagher Richard P 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Background
There are several reasons that someone might be diagnosed with more than one primary cancer. The aim of this analysis was to determine combinations of cancer types that occur more often than expected. The expected values in previous analyses are based on age-and-gender-adjusted risks in the population. However, if cancer in people with multiple primaries is somehow different than cancer in people with a single primary, then the expected numbers should not be based on all diagnoses in the population.

Methods
In people with two or more cancer types, the probability that a specific type is diagnosed was determined as the number of diagnoses for that cancer type divided by the total number of cancer diagnoses. If two types of cancer occur independently of one another, then the probability that someone will develop both cancers by chance is the product of the individual probabilities for each type. The expected number of people with both cancers is the number of people at risk multiplied by the separate probabilities for each cancer. We performed the analysis on records of cancer diagnoses in British Columbia, Canada between 1970 and 2004.

Results
There were 28,159 people with records of multiple primary cancers between 1970 and 2004, including 1,492 people with between three and seven diagnoses. Among both men and women, the combinations of esophageal cancer with melanoma, and kidney cancer with oral cancer, are observed more than twice as often as expected.

Conclusion
Our analysis suggests there are several pairs of primary cancers that might be related by a shared etiological factor. We think that our method is more appropriate than others when multiple diagnoses of primary cancer are unlikely to be the result of therapeutic or diagnostic procedures.
Quality and safety of genetic testing in Australia and New Zealand: a review of the current regulatory framework
Authors: Goold Imogen L , Pearn Amy , Bettiol Silvana , Ballantyne Angela 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
This paper provides an overview of the regulation of quality assurance for genetic testing in Australia and New Zealand and outlines the steps currently being taken to critically appraise and improve the regulatory framework in each country. It aims to contextualize this framework within the broader context of quality and patient safety concerns; and to draw together the concerns and recommendations of the various organizations that have been working to improve quality assurance in this area.
Adult Atomoxetine Ingestions Reported to Texas Poison Control Centers, 2003–2005
Authors: Forrester Mathias B 
Published: November 2006

Background: Limited information exists on outcomes from adult ingestions of atomoxetine reported to poison control centers. Objective: To identify factors that might affect the outcome of adult atomoxetine ingestions reported to poison control centers. Methods: Using adult ingestions of atomoxetine alone reported to Texas poison control centers during 2003–2005, the proportion of cases involving serious outcomes was determined for selected variables and evaluated for statistical significance by calculating the rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Of 64 cases identified, 9 (14%) involved serious outcomes. No serious outcomes were reported with a maximum dose of 100 mg or less. Serious outcomes were significantly more likely to occur with a maximum dose of more than 2 capsules (RR 8.25; 95% CI 1.48 to 83.58), where the circumstances of the exposures involved self-harm or malicious intent (RR 6.02; 95% CI 1.30 to 30.35) or when the patient was already at or en route to a healthcare facility when the poison control center was contacted (RR 18.75; 95% CI 2.10 to 886.83) or was referred to a healthcare facility by the poison control center (RR 22.50; 95% CI 1.81 to 1181.19). Conclusions: The severity of the outcomes associated with adult atomoxetine ingestions depended on the dose taken and the circumstances of the ingestion. The management of patients with serious outcomes was more likely to involve healthcare facilities. Such information is useful in creating triage guidelines for the management of adult atomoxetine ingestions.
Extension of PIV for measuring granular temperature field in dense fluidized beds
Authors: Dijkhuizen W. , Bokkers G. A. , Deen N. G. , Annaland M. van Sint , Kuipers J. A. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this work a particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique has been extended to enable the simultaneous measurement of the instantaneous velocity and granular temperature fields. The PIV algorithm has been specifically optimized for dense granular systems and has been thoroughly tested with artificially generated images. The new PIV technique has been successfully applied to a fluidized bed at incipient fluidization conditions in which a single bubble is injected by a jet and to a freely bubbling fluidized bed. The instantaneous spatial distribution of the solids‐phase velocity and granular temperature that can be measured with this new technique can be used to validate CFD models for dense granular systems, such as multifluid continuum models using the KTGF (kinetic theory of granular flow) to describe the internal momentum transport in the particulate phase. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007