bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Geographical classification of sicilian olive oils in terms of sterols and fatty acids content
Authors: Alberghina Gaetano , Caruso Loredana , Fisichella Salvatore , Musumarra Giuseppe 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe sterols and fatty acids contents of 22 extravirgin olive oil samples produced in the Etna area and in other areas of Sicily were determined. Principal component analysis (PCA) of these data provided a ‘scores’ plot where samples produced in the Etna area were clearly grouped and unknown samples could be classified according to their geographical origin. This classification was confirmed by the residual standard deviation values of all samples fitted into a disjoint principal components model derived from Etna oils only. The above results suggest that the DOC (denominazlone di origine controllata) origin mark for Etna extravirgin olive oils can be attributed on the basis of their sterols and fatty acids contents by means of PCA.
Agronomic value of urban waste and the growth of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) in a calciorthid soil amended with this waste
Authors: Garcáia Carlos , Hernández Teresa , Costa Francisco 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe influence of the composting process on the agronomic value of urban waste (UW) from Murcia (south‐eastern Spain) was studied. UW compost had a higher percentage of P, K and nitrate N than fresh UW, as well as a higher cation exchange capacity and a more stable organic matter. By contrast, total N content and values of extractable P/ total P × 100 ratio were lower.The addition of fresh UW to a calciorthid soil had an initially depressive effect on rxegrass (Lolium perenne) yield, which disappeared with time as this waste matured in the soil. No depressive effect was observed when composted UW was applied. When soil was amended with high doses of UW compost, yields were always significantly greater than the control.The uncomposted waste induced a large concentration of macroelements (except N) in the plants of the first harvest. Plants grown in amended soil had a higher concentration of Fe, Mn and Zn than the control.
A time‐course study of the effect of sulphur on glucosinolates in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) from the vegetative stage to maturity
Authors: Booth Elaine J , Walker Kerr C , Griffiths D Wynne 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSamples consisting of the whole above‐ground part of the oilseed rape plant (Brassica napus L), were taken every 2 weeks from before stem extension to maturity. The plants were separated into vegetative tissue, floral tissue, pods and seeds (when these components appeared), and the individual glucosinolates present were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. A high glucosinolate variety (Rafal) and a low glucosinolate variety (Cobra) were compared. The effect of sulphur (32 kg ha−1 elemental sulphur applied at the beginning of stem extension) on the various parts of the plant was investigated. Total glucosinolate concentration in all plant parts was higher in Rafal than in Cobra. Glucosinolate concentration in the vegetation declined over time, most noticeably when the flowers and seeds were produced, and glucosinolate concentration of the pods also fell as that of the seeds rose. It is suggested that there may have been some redistribution of glucosinolates or glucosinolate precursors within the plant as maturity approached. Changes occurred in the proportions that individual glucosinolates contributed to the total glucosinolate content, and this may be relevant to plant/pathogen relationships. Sulphur application increased the glucosinolate concentration of the vegetative tissue by mid April and also increased the glucosinolate concentration of the flowers. It is suggested that this could affect the plant's resistance to disease.
Nitrogen uptake and redistribution during maturation of maize hybrids
Authors: Tsai C Y , Huber D M , Warren H L , Lyznik A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractNutrient efficiency, as a component of crop production efficiency, is a major key to agricultural competitiveness and sustainability. This study was initiated to evaluate the efficiency of N uptake and redistribution of eight maize (Zea mays L) hybrids differing in yield potential and grown with different levels of N fertiliser. Plants were sampled during the growing season to determine N uptake kinetics and effects of N supply on protein degradation and N mobilisation from vegetative tissues. These studies indicate that, under adequate N fertiliser conditions, hybrids took up about 2.5 to 3.0 g N per plant by the mid‐silk stage; however, the amount of N taken up during the period of grain fill varied greatly among the hybrids. High N‐responsive hybrids took up as much as 3 g N per plant after mid‐silk while low N‐responsive hybrids required only about 1.2 g N per plant. Although proteolysis in leaves is generally related to the availability of N, hybrids differ in the time and extent of protein hydrolysis and nutrient mobilisation. N sufficiency throughout the crop season is critical to preserve RuBP carboxylase and other proteins in leaves to maximise grain fill for the high N‐responsive hydbids.
Relationships between sensory properties and chemical composition of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa)
Authors: Paterson Vivienne J , Macrae Elspeth A , Young Harry 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe relative roles of volatile and non‐volatile compounds and fruit firmness in the sensory attributes of ripe kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa (A Chev) Liang et Ferguson var deliciosa cv Hayward) were investigated. Kiwifruit harvested at different maturities and ripened either immediately after harvest or after storage were assessed individually using various objective and sensory parameters.As fruit firmness decreased within the eating ripe range, the levels of several volatile esters, pentam‐3‐one and ethylene production increased. The levels of C6 aldehydes, C6 alcohols and ethanol showed little or no change within this fruit firmness range.Ethyl esters were the major contributors to total volatiles in ripe, freshly harvested fruit, but ethanol was the most abundant volatile in mature fruit that had been stored at 0° prior to ripening. Ethyl butanoate was the most abundant ester in unstored fruit whereas ethyl acetate was generally the most abundant ester in stored fruit. Stored fruit from the later harvests had higher levels of α‐ and β‐pinene than fresh fruit or immature stored fruit.A high tangy/acid score correlated with firm fruit, low levels of major volatile esters, high levels of citrate and high soluble solids concentrations (SSC). A high score for sweetness correlated with soft fruit and high volatile ester levels. Tangy/acid was the sensory attribute best able to be predicted by objective measurements.
Application of multivariate statistical methods to the differentiation of gin brands
Authors: Martin‐Alvarez Pedro Jesus , Herranz Alberto 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSeveral multivariate statistical methods (principal component, discriminant (linear, quadratic and nearest neighbour), cluster analysis and outliers detection) have been applied to chemical data for terpenic compounds collected from various gin samples, in order to differentiate three gins from each other; the results have been used to explore other samples.
Properties of peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase in natural complexes from walnuts (Juglans regia) and in active DL‐DOPA copolymers
Authors: Piffaut Bernadette , Metche Maurice 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBlack polymers were extracted from walnut husk homogenates (Juglans regia L) in a phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) after air‐bubbling for 24 h. After several purification stages, ultrafiltration and gel chromatography (Sephadex and Ultrogel), three extracts (two soluble and one insoluble) were isolated. At the same time, a synthetic DL DOPA/POD/PPO copolymer was prepared. Two walnut extracts exhibited POD and PPO activity. Both DL DOPA/POD/PPO copolymers (soluble and insoluble) only presented a POD activity. The insoluble and more complex extracts (either natural or synthetic) presented the lowest oxidase activities. The soluble walnut extract exhibited low though not negligible PPO and POD activities. It was observed using electrophoresis and gel chromatography that both enzymes were present in phenolic complexes. The high level of adsorption observed on polyacrylamide gel, as well as the elementary composition of these complexes enabled a comparison with phytomelanins. PPO and POD in the soluble copolymers (from both natural and synthetic sources) were governed by Michaelis‐Menten kinetics. Apparent constants were calculated using the Lineweaver‐Burk method. The use of limited proteolysis and an inhibitor showed good resistance of POD activity in walnut and synthetic copolymers and exceptional resistance of PPO activity in walnut extracts (particularly insoluble extract).
Cadmium and lead content in fresh and canned peas
Authors: Zurera‐Cosano G. , Moreno‐Rojas R , Rincon‐Leon F , Amaro‐Lopez M 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCadium and lead in raw, blanched and canned peas were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The daily intake of cadmium and lead from peas in Spain was evaluated. The cadmium content of the peas ranged from less than 0.004 to 0.015 μg−1, whereas the lead content varied from 0.49 to 0.223 μg−1. The concentraiton of both elements was compared at different stages of the process. Statistically significant differences were found in the lead levels as a function of size and the different stages of the canning process. The mena level of cadmium and lead (0.041 μgg−1 and 0.092 μgg−1 respectively) could account for a daily intake of 0.1 μg day−1 for cadmium and 1.1 μg day−1 for lead.
Effect of dietary sorghum germ meal on performance and meat quality of broiler chicks
Authors: Jubarah Salah K , Elzubeir Elfadil A 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwo hundred Lohmann broiler chicks were equally allocated into 20 pens after being adapted on a control diet for 7 days. The four dietary treatments containing graded levels of sorghum germ meal (SGM, 0, 75, 150, 225 g kg−1) were randomly assigned to the pens (five pens per dietary treatment). L‐Lysine and DL‐methionine were added to the diets to raise their contents to the recommended levels for starter broiler chicks. Feed and water were provided ad libitum throughout the 6‐week experimental period.The dietary treatment had negative linear effects (P < 0.01) on body weight, feed intake, weight gain, feed:gain ratio and dressing percentage, and a positive linear effect (P < 0.01) on liver and viscera relative weights. It had insignificant effects (P > 0.05) on pancreas, bursa relative weights, incidence of leg abnormalities and mortality rate. Abdominal fat relative weight had shown a significant negative linear effect (P < 0.05). Dietary SGM had no detectably different effect on colour, juiciness, tenderness and flavour of the meat when evaluated by semi‐trained panellists.
Protein extractability and thermal gel formability of myofibrils isolated from skeletal and cardiac muscles at different post‐mortem periods
Authors: Samejima Kunihiko , Lee Nam H , Ishioroshi Makoto , Asghar Ali 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe effects of the post‐mortem ageing period on the extractability of myofibrillar proteins from pork cardiac and rabbit skeletal muscles under various conditions of pH and ionic strength were studied with particular reference to the changes in the solubility of individual myofibrillar proteins and their denaturation characteristics. The ultimate influence of these changes on the heat‐induced gel forming ability of myofibrils isolated from cardiac and skeletal muscles at different post‐mortem stages was also investigated.Results showed that pork cardiac myofibrils always exhibited lower solubility than those from rabbit skeletal muscles under identical conditions of pH, ionic strength and temperature. SDS‐PAGE profiles indicated several quantitative differences in the relative proportion of individual protein species present in cardiac and skeletal myofibrils. The solubility of various proteins present in myofibrils was also affected differently on heating in 0‐1 and 0‐6 M NaCl solution at various pH values. Thermal denaturation of cardiac myofibrils occurred at about 10°C higher than that of skeletal myofibrils as revealed by differential scanning calorimetry. Cardiac myofibrils formed much weaker heat‐induced gels than those produced by skeletal myofibrils under identical conditions of temperature, pH, ionic strength and protein content.
Determination of tryptophan in feedstuffs: Comparison of two methods of hydrolysis prior to HPLC analysis
Authors: Landry Jacques , Delhaye Sonia , Jones D G 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe tryptophan content of nine samples of commercial feed was determined using two procedures (I and II) differing mainly in the hydrolysis conditions used prior to analysis. With I, hydrolysis was performed with 4 M LiOH in the presence of maltodextrin with 5‐methyltryptophan used as internal standard at 110°C for 24 h; with II. oxygen‐free 1.3 M Ba(OH)2 was used at 125°C for 16 h. The two procedures gave identical results for a given sample indicating that the corrections for the incomplete recovery of tryptophan 5‐methyltryptophan quantitation were satisfactory.
A sensitive enzyme‐based colorimetric assay for choline‐containing phospholipids
Authors: Khan Sultan M , Khan Tariq M , Wells Richard D , Maslin David J , Connock Martin J 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAn enzyme‐based colorimetric assay for choline‐containing phospholipids is described. When tested with egg yolk and serum, the method proved very sensitive, correlated well with other methods and avoided turbidity problems. The method is potentially applicable to a wide variety of samples.
Patterns of adenosine triphosphate catabolism as freshness indicators in fish species from the baltic sea
Authors: Hattula Tapani , Kiesvaara Marti 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe breakdown products of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) were determined in order to evaluate the freshness of six Finnish fish species. The degradation of ATP was faster in white bream, in flounder and especially in pike than in other species.
Relationships between muscle type and some traits influencing veal colour
Authors: Guignot Florence , Quilichini Y , Renerre M , Lacourt A , Monin G 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe influence of the muscle type on some compositional and qualitative traits of veal was studied in two experiments, each including 20 Friesian‐Holstein veal calves. Metabolic type, pigment content, glycolytic potential, buffering capacity and pH (at slaughter and ultimate) were determined on muscleslongissimus dorsi, psoas major and triceps brachii caput lateralein experiment 1. Pigment content, glycolytic potential and pH (at 5 h after slaughter and ultimate) were determined in experiment 2. In both experiments, reflectance spectra were obtained fromm longissimus dorsiandm psoas majorat 3 and 9 days after slaughter. Reflectance at 630 nm, lightness, redness (a) and difference between reflectances at 630 and 580 nm (ΔR) were calculated from the spectra. Muscle type strongly influenced the rate of pH fall and most colour traits. Pigment content, reflectance,aand ΔRwere higher inm psoas majorthan inm longissimus dorsi. The ultimate pH was related to the glycolytic potential but not to the buffering capacity. The relative influence of the pigment content and the rate of pH fall on the colour traits depended on the muscle. Colour ofm psoas majorwas affected to a larger extent by the rate of pH fall than by the pigment content. Conversely, pigment content played the more important role inm longissimus dorsi.
Evaluation of a proton magnetic resonance technique for analysis of rubber in guayule
Authors: Ferraris Robert , Hansen Ross W , Downes Ross W , Johnson Alan D , McCleary Barry V 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLow‐resolution proton magnetic resonance (PMR) has been advocated as a rapid screening technique to determine rubber in guayule (Parthenium argentatum Gray). The technique was evaluated in two laboratories against a modification of the Soxhlet procedure using samples of guayule material collected from three varieties over a 3‐year period. At each laboratory, significant relationships between PMR signal and extracted rubber content were found for all varieties. Regressions had statistically similar slopes between varieties, but at one laboratory the intercept of one variety differed from the intercept of the regressions of the other two varieties. It was concluded that the rapidity of the PMR technique was suited to coarse comparative studies of rubber content in guayule. For absolute assessment and within varieties, rapid estimates of rubber content using PMR can be made only after establishing a specific PMR: solvent rubber relationship on similarly treated material.
Soil selenium treatments to ameliorate selenium deficiency in herbage
Authors: Shand Charles , Coutts Grace , Duff Elizabeth , Atkinson David 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSodium selenite, sodium selenate, and sodium selenate in a pill formulation were applied to three soils known to produce Se‐deficient herbage ( < 100 μg Se kg−1 dry matter (DM)). The ability of the salts, applied in spring 1985, to ameliorate Se deficiency was followed over 3 years by taking four harvests each year. Selenate treatment at 10 g Se ha−1 and selenate prill treatment at 20 g Se ha−1 produced herbage with Se levels (geometric means) of between 0.57‐0.86 and 1.79‐1992 mg kg−1 DM respectively in the first spring harvest after treatment. Selenite was less potent and selenite at 100 g Se ha−1 produced a response in herbage closely similar to that of selenate at 10 g Se ha−1. Even at 300 g Se ha−1 the selenite treatment produced herbage with only 1.00‐1.36 mg Se kg−1 DM at the first harvest. Application of selenate in the prill form at 60 g Se ha−1 produced herbage potentially toxic to grazing animals with 4.81‐4.94 mg Se kg−1 DM. The addition of fertiliser N to Se‐treated plots increased total Se uptake at the first harvest by a factor of 4 and had a small effect on Se concentration. The Se concentration levels in herbage from Se‐treated plots declined exponentially (t1/2 = 21‐43 days). On one soil derived from Lower Old Red Sandstone and lava, selenite at 300 g Se ha−1 gave herbage with Se contents significantly above background (P < 0.05) in all harvests over 3 years.
Relationship between structural development of cell walls and degradation of tissues in maize stems
Authors: Engels Ferdinand M , Schuurmans Jan L L 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSections of internodes of growing maize stems were used to study the behaviour of cell walls of different tissues during in‐vitro degradation with rumen fluid. Tissues with primary cell walls‐middle lamellae, at early stages of development, were degraded completely. In specific tissues, newly synthesised secondary walls were highly digestible whereas the primary walls‐middle lamellae of these tissues were indigestible. These primary walls‐middle lamellae stained positively with acid phloroglucinol but showed no fluorescence. At pollination, when secondary walls were of considerable thickness, these walls were still completely digestible even though they stained intensely with acid phloroglucinol and showed reduced fluorescence. However, at some distance from the cut end of sections, the secondary walls of the elongated tube‐like cells of sclerenchyma tissue showed considerable reduction in digestibility. Cross‐sectional area and dry weight measurements of different stem tissues revealed the importance of secondary wall digestion of sclerenchyma compared with the thin‐walled parenchyma. Chemical treatment with KmnO4 or NaOH resulted in colourless secondary walls after staining whereas primary walls still reacted positively. It was concluded that very small amounts of phenolic compounds (lignin) located in the primary wall‐middle lamella that are not removed by KmnO4 and NaOH treatment are responsible for the decrease in digestibility of tissues during plant development. Histochemical ‘lignin’ reactions and fluorescence just detect phenolic compounds and cannot be correlated with degradation.
Effects of cultivar and growth season on the gelatinisation properties of cassava (manihot esculenta) starch
Authors: Asaoka M , Blanshard J M V , Rickard J E 
Published: October 2006

AbstractStarch was extracted from the roots of four different cassava cultivars (Munihot esculenta Crantz) grown in Colombia and harvested on four different occasions with a view to determining whether there was any relationship between the physicochemical properties of the starch and the texture of the cooked roots. The organoleptic quality of the cooked roots was evaluated by a trained taste panel and found to vary in terms of both their glassy texture and their hardness. Studies of the gelatinisation behaviour of the starches by DSC and amylography (with a Brabender amylograph), of the pasting properties by viscography and of the viscoelastic characteristics by a Bohlin rheometer demonstrated some differences between the physicochemical properties of the starches but insufficient to account for the pronounced textual differences.
Aerobic deterioration of lucerne (Medicago sativa) and Maize (zea mais) Silages—Effects of Yeasts
Authors: O'kiely Padraig , Muck Richard E 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLucerne (Medicago sativa L) silages made in test tube silos at various dry matter (DM) levels (290‐537 g kg−1) with and without addition of glucose (20 g kg−1 herbage) at ensiling were stable during 7 days of aerobic exposure. Lucerne silages taken from seven farm silos were similarly stable while three others were unstable (average DM loss of 62 g kg−1 DM and pH increase from 4.35 to 7.58 in 7 days). Under similar circumstances, maize (Zea mais L) silage had a high DM loss (164 g kg−1 DM) and an increase in pH from 3.94 to 8.13. Silages were inoculated with yeast (1 × 106 CFU g−1 silage) isolated from aerobically deteriorating farm‐scale lucerne and maize silages. The stable lucerne silages were not destabilised by inoculation, but the instability of unstable lucerne silages was increased. Aerobically unstable maize silage and stable lucerne silage were inoculated and studied separately or as a 50:50 mixture. There was a distinct lag in the development of aerobic instability in the mixture compared with maize silage alone. In another experiment, the growth of the inoculum in malt agar (pH 3.5) as affected by the presence of fresh and ensiled lucerne (six cultivars), birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L) was studied. The legume herbages did not inhibit yeast growth whereas the corresponding silages did. Five aerobically stable lucerne silages inhibited yeast development in the media whereas unstable maize silage did not. It is concluded that aerobic stability was not related to silage DM, pH, yeast numbers or glucose addition at ensiling. Stability appeared to be due to the presence of an inhibitor (or inhibitors) produced during ensilage.
Production of a yogurt‐like product from plant foodstuffs and whey. Substrate preparation and fermentation
Authors: Shirai Keiko , Pedraza Guadalupe , Gutierrez‐Durán Mercedes , Marshall Valerie M E , Revah‐Moiseev Sergio , García‐Garibay Mariano 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA mixed substrate composed of soya milk, oat flour and dried cheese whey (82, 11 and 7% respectively) had a content of lactose and protein similar to that of milk used for yogurt manufacture. Heat treatment for 20 min at 80°C resulted in a viscosity similar to that of yogurt whilst removing coliform and mesophilic aerobic bacteria, moulds and yeasts. Fermentation with traditional yogurt bacteria did not increase viscosity further, and the final product had similar acidity and texture to yogurt. Acid development, carbohydrate consumption, proteolysis and starters counts were followed during fermentation. The fermentation profile of the mixed substrate was very similar to that of milk.