bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mortality among workers at a nuclear fuels production facility
Authors: Cragle Donna L. , McLain Richard W. , Qualters Judith R. , Hickey John L. S. , Wilkinson Gregg S. , Tankersley William G. , Lushbaugh C. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA retrospective cohort mortality study was conducted in a population of workers employed at a facility with the primary task of production of nuclear fuels and other materials. Data for hourly and salaried employees were analyzed separately by time period of first employment and length of employment. The hourly (N = 6,687 with 728 deaths) and salaried (N = 2,745 with 294 deaths) employees had a mortality experience comparable to that of the United States and, in fact, exhibited significant fewer deaths in many categories of diseases that are traditionally associated with the healthy worker effect. Specifically, fewer deaths were noted in the categories of all causes, all cancers, cancer of the digestive organs, lung cancer, brain cancer (hourly workers only), diabetes, all diseases of the circulatory system, all respiratory diseases, all digestive system diseases, all diseases of the genitourinary system (hourly only), and all external causes of death. A statistically significant, and as yet unexplained increase in leukemia mortality (6 observed vs. 2.18 expected) appeared among a subset of the hourly employees, first hired before 1955, and employed between 5–15 years.
Railroad workers with pleural plaques: II. Small airway dysfunction among asbestos‐exposed workers
Authors: Hjortsberg Ulf , Ørbaek Palle , Arborelius Måns , Ranstam Jonas , Welinder Hans 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIncreased volume of trapped gas (VTG) was found in 87 asbestos‐exposed railroad repair shop workers, divided into three subgroups according to smoking habits. All the examined subjects had pleural plaques. Determination of VTG was used to study function of small airways. Increased VTG was found among asbestos‐exposed smokers as well as nonsmokers. In both groups the VTG:TLC ratio was elevated compared with controls. Increased VTG is a sign of small airways dysfunction. In asbestos‐exposed subjects, it might be caused by an early peribronchial reaction to inhaled asbestos fibers.
Skin notation in the context of workplace exposure standards
Authors: Scansetti Giovanni , Piolatto Giorgio , Rubino Giovanni F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn the establishment of workplace exposure standards, the potential for cutaneous absorption is taken into consideration through the addition of “skin notation” to the relevant substance.In the TLVs Documentation (ACGIH, 1986) dermal lethal dose to 50% (LD50) or human data are the bases for the assignment of “skin notation” to 91 of 168 substances. For the other substances, the “skin” attribution seems to be based on undocumented statements in 24 (14.5%), skin effects in 13 (8%), and analogy in 7 (4%), while in the remaining 33 (20%) any reference is lacking as to the basis for notation of the cutaneous route of entry.Furthermore, since the established “cut‐off” value of 2 g/kg is sometimes bypassed when a notation is added or omitted, the use of dermal LD50 is perplexing.Given the relevance of the skin notation for the validation of threshold limit values (TLVs) in the workplace, a full examination and citation of all available scientific data are recommended when establishing the TLV of substances absorbable through the skin.
Concordance of occupational and environmental exposure information elicited from patients with Alzheimer's disease and surrogate respondents
Authors: Chong John P. , Turpie Irene , Haines Ted , Muir Giselle , Farnworth Heather , Cruttenden Kathleen , Julian Jim , Verma Dave , Hillers Thomas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIdentification of risk factors for Alzheimer's disease through the use of well designed case‐control studies has been described as a research priority. Increasing recognition of the neurotoxic potential of many industrial chemicals such as organic solvents raises the question of the occupational and environmental contribution to the etiology of this high‐priority health problem. The intention of this study was to develop and evaluate a methodology that could be used in a large scale case‐control study of the occupational and environmental risk factors for dementia or a population‐based surveillance system for neurotoxic disorders. The specific objectives of this study were to investigate: 1) the reliability of exposure‐eliciting, interviewer‐administered questionnaires given to patients with Alzheimer's disease (SDAT); 2) the reliability of exposure‐eliciting interviewer‐administered questionnaires given to the family of patients with SDAT and the agreement with the responses of the patient or surrogate respondents; 3) the reliability and agreement of responses of age‐ and sex‐matched control patients and their families selected from geriatric care institutions and the community, with respect to the same exposure‐eliciting and interviewer‐administered questionnaire; and 4) the reliability of agent‐based exposure ascertainment by a single, trained rater. The results of the study demonstrate that occupational and environmental histories from which exposure information can be derived is most reliably elicited from job descriptions of cases and control subjects rather than job titles alone or detailed probes for potential neurotoxic exposures. This will necessitate the use of standardized interviewer‐administered instruments to derive this information in case‐control studies of Alzheimer's disease or population‐based surveillance systems for occupational and environmental neurotoxicity.
Relationship between vapor exposure and urinary metabolite excretion among workers exposed to trichloroethylene
Authors: Inoue Osamu , Seiji Kazunori , Kawai Toshio , Jin Chui , Liu Yu‐Tang , Chen Zhen , Cai Shi‐Xiong , Yin Song‐Nian , Li Gui‐Lan , Nakatsuka Haruo , Watanabe Takao , Ikeda Masayuki 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe exposure—excretion relationship was investigated in 140 trichloroethylene (TRI)‐exposed workers and 114 nonexposed controls. The time‐weighted average intensity of exposure to TRI during the shift as measured by the diffusive sampling method was compared with metabolite levels in the urine collected at the end of the shift in the second half of a working week, when the urinary metabolite levels are expected to reach a maximum. The TRI levels in breathing zone air of the exposed workers were mostly below 50 ppm. The urinary metabolite levels (i.e., total trichloro‐compounds, trichloroethanol, and trichloroacetic acid) increased as a linear function of the TRI exposure. The relationship between the two exposure indicators was statistically significant in men, women, and both combined. The cross‐sectional balance study at the end of the shift revealed that about 4% of TRI absorbed will be excreted at the end of the shift, in agreement with the long biological half‐life of this chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent. A possible ethnic difference in the metabolism of TRI is discussed.
Building‐related illness and antibodies to albumin conjugates of formaldehyde, toluene diisocyanate, and trimellitic anhydride
Authors: Thrasher Jack D. , Madison Roberta , Broughton Alan , Gard Zane 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA case of building‐related health complaints was investigated with respect to the relationship among frequency of symptoms, antibodies to albumin conjugates of formaldehyde (HCHO), toluene diisocyanate (TDI), and tirmellitic anhydride (TMA), and volatile organic chemicals (VOCs). The indoor air concentrations of VOCs, HCHO, TDI, and TMA did not exceed Fed‐OSHA and ACGIH permissible standards. However, HCHO concentrations ranged between 0.05 and 0.08 ppm. The reported symptoms were multiple, involving the eyes, nose, sinuses, throat, lungs, skeletomuscular system, and central nervous system. Anti‐HCHO, ‐TDI, and ‐TMA isotypes were found in 12 of 14 full‐time employees and were nondectable in one part‐time employee. There was a positive, but not statistically significant, correlation (r values ranged between .24 and .55) between symptoms and the geometric mean titers to conjugates. The data suggest that a synergistic immunological response to airborne chemicals may be occurring in these subjects. In conclusion, immunological monitoring of affected individuals where chemicals are suspected may prove to be useful in future investigations of building‐related illness.
Standard setting and protection of human health and safety
Authors: Robinson Ann E. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHuman health and safety are determined by the behavior and performance of the individual, or of a piece of equipment, under the prevailing conditions. Setting health or safety standards, which will define a set of conditions to provide protection, requires consideration of many factors, including the level of protection required and the collection and assessment of factual information. The purpose of the paper is to identify and discuss the elements of the standard‐setting process and the major issues likely to be associated with it. Occupational exposure values and other initiatives to provide protection of human health from the potential effects of chemicals in Canada are reviewed in the context of recent initiatives and current pressures for change.
Acrodysostosis with unusual iridal color changing with age
Authors: Nii Eiji , Urawa Masao , Nshimura Toshiko , Kitou Hiroshi , Ikegawa Shiro , Shimizu Shin , Taneda Hiroshi , Uchida Atsumasa , Niikawa Norio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAcrodysostosis is a rare congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by peculiar facial appearance with a small nose and an open mouth, short stature, short metacarpotarsal, and phalangeal bones with cone‐shaped epiphyses, advanced bone‐age, and variable degrees of mental retardation. It is most likely that the disease is inherited in an autosomal dominant mode, its pathogenesis has remained unknown. We report a 4‐year‐old Japanese girl who suffered from acrodysostosis with unusual iridal color. The color of patient's irides was gray‐bluish in her infancy but became light‐brownish by age 4 years. Of eight Japanese patients reported, four had abnormal eye color: a 7‐month‐old boy with blue irides and his 2‐year‐old elder sister with light‐blue eyes a 6‐year‐old girl with gray‐brownish irides, and a 4‐year‐old girl (present case) with blue‐brownish irides. The degree of iris pigmentation in acrodysostosis patients may change with age. It is likely that the putative gene for acrodysostosis might play a role not only in remodeling of bones but also in iris pigmentation. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DAT1 3′‐UTR 9R allele: Preferential transmission in Indian children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Das Manali , Mukhopadhyay Kanchan 
Published: April 2007

AbstractGenetic alterations in the dopaminergic system are frequently observed in association with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a 40 bp variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) in the 3'‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) has been investigated in different populations. Both significant association and lack of association with the10 repeat allele (10R) of DAT1 VNTR have been reported. Objective of the present investigation was to examine association of this polymorphism with ADHD in Indian children. Genotypic data obtained from ADHD probands (n = 79), their parents (n = 148) and control individuals (n = 153) were analyzed for haplotype‐based haplotype relative risk analysis (HHRR), transmission disequilibrium test (TDT), and family‐based association test (FBAT). HHRR analysis revealed significant (P = 0.009) transmission of shorter alleles (≤9R). TDT analysis of informative ADHD families (n = 32) also exhibited highly significant transmission of the shorter alleles (P = 0.002). Further analysis by FBAT showed preferential transmission (P = 0.019) of the 9R allele from parents to ADHD probands. It can be inferred from the data obtained that the DAT1 3′‐UTR 9R allele may confer risk of ADHD in the Indian population. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preparation and application of polybenzoxazine adsorption resin
Authors: Xu Youmiao , Zheng Xinsheng , Zhang Jinhua 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and application of polybenzoxazine adsorption resin was studied. First, the precursor was synthesized by the solventless method. And then a kind of spherical and granular polybenzoxazine resin was obtained using reverse‐phase suspension polymerization technique in the process of solidification. Besides, the influence of dispersion medium, the volume ratio of precursor to medium, the solidification temperature, and the agitation speed were studied in detail in the process of polymerization. Second, the spherical shape of the polybenzoxazine resin was identified by scanning electronic microscope and the thermal stability of resin was measured by thermogravimetric analysis. Finally, the adsorption capacity of the spherical resin on pyridine was studied in cyclohexane systems. The correlation coefficient of Langmuir adsorption constant temperature line was bigger than 0.99, which indicated that the equilibrium sorption date was coincident with the Langmuir isotherm equation. And the saturated adsorptive capacity of dried resin achieved 222.2 mg g−1. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Diimide hydrogenation of natural rubber latex
Authors: Mahittikul A. , Prasassarakich P. , Rempel G. L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHydrogenation is one important method of chemical modification, which improves the physical, chemical and thermal properties of diene‐based elastomers. Natural rubber latex (NRL) could be hydrogenated to a strictly alternating ethylene‐propylene copolymer using a diimide reduction system. The diimide reduction technique of NRL was accomplished by using hydrazine hydrate/hydrogen peroxide and Cu2+ as catalyst. The hydrogenated products are characterized by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy. It has been found that cupric acetate is a highly active catalyst for the reaction and the addition of a controlled amount of gelatin demonstrated a beneficial effect on the degree of hydrogenation, whereas, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) acted as a stabilizer of the latex particle in the reaction system and reduced the degree of hydrogenation. In the presence of SDS, a longer reaction time and a higher amount of hydrazine hydrate was required for hydrogenation of NRL. Gel formation during hydrogenation does not significantly affect the degree of hydrogenation. Gel inhibitors such as hydroquinone also decrease the degree of hydrogenation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Affinity precipitation an option for early capture in bioprocessing
Authors: Freitag Ruth , Schumacher Ivo , Hilbrig Frank 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAffinity precipitation is a bioseparation technique where the affinity ligand is coupled to a stimuliresponsive polymer. Stimuli‐responsive polymers show abrupt, yet reversible, phase transition (precipitation) in response to a small change in an environmental parameter. The corresponding ligand conjugates can be used to co‐precipitate and thereby capture and isolate target molecules from complex solutions such as culture supernatants and cell lysates. The approach is compatible with a ‘discardibles only’ type of downstream process and can be scaled over several orders of magnitude. This report discusses the set‐up and development of affinity precipitation procedures, the related instrumentation and scale up, as well as applications for the isolation of proteins and polynucleotides.
Genetic fidelity of long‐term micropropagated shoot cultures of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Andrews) as assessed by molecular markers
Authors: Sreedhar Reddampalli V. , Venkatachalam Lakshmanan , Bhagyalakshmi Neelwarne 
Published: April 2007

AbstractOccurrence of genetic variants during micropropagation is occasionally encountered when the cultures are maintained in vitro for long period. Therefore, the micropropagated multiple shoots of Vanilla planifolia Andrews developed from axillary bud explants established 10 years ago were used to determine somaclonal variation using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and intersimple sequence repeats markers (ISSR). One thousand micro‐plants were established in soil of which 95 plantlets (consisting of four phenotypes) along with the mother plant were subjected to genetic analyses using RAPD and ISSR markers. Out of the 45 RAPD and 20 ISSR primers screened, 30 RAPD and 7 ISSR primers showed 317 clear, distinct and reproducible band classes resulting in a total of 30 115 bands. However, no difference was observed in banding patterns of any of the samples for a particular primer, indicating the absence of variation among the micropropagated plants. Our results allow us to conclude that the micropropagation protocol that we have used for in vitro proliferation of vanilla plantlets for the last 10 years might be applicable for the production of clonal plants over a considerable period of time.
Immunohistochemical staining for mismatch repair proteins, and its relevance in the diagnosis of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer
Authors: Ewald J , Rodrigue C M , Mourra N , Lefèvre J H , Fléjou J-F , Tiret E , Gespach C , Parc Y R 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Background
Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) arises mostly from germline mutations of the mismatch repair genes MSH2 and MLH1. The diagnosis of HNPCC is based on a set of clinical criteria that may be too restrictive to identify all affected patients. Immunohistochemical staining (IHC) for the mismatch repair proteins, MutS homologue 2 (MSH2) and MutL homologue 1 (MLH1), reliably identifies the microsatellite instability phenotype. This study evaluated the ability of IHC to detect germline mutations in an unselected group of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods
All patients with CRC operated on between July 2000 and March 2003, and demonstrating a loss of protein, were contacted. Following informed consent, searchs for germline mutation and methylation of the promoter were performed on normal and tumoral DNA.

Results
Thirty patients agreed to participate, four of whom fulfilled the Amsterdam II criteria. Loss of expression of MLH1 was found in 20 patients, and loss of expression of MSH2 in ten patients. Four of the MLH1-deficient patients had a germline MLH1 point mutation (positive predictive value (PPV) 20 (95 per cent confidence interval (c.i.) 2 to 38 per cent) and 11 had promoter methylation. Seven of the MSH2-deficient patients had a germline MSH2 point mutation (PPV 70 (95 per cent c.i. 54 to 96 per cent), and none showed promoter methylation.

Conclusion
MLH1-deficient patients who are young or have a positive family history of cancer should be referred for genetic testing and counselling, whereas MSH2-deficient patients should be counselled in the same way as patients with HNPCC.
Risk of invasion and axillary lymph node metastasis in ductal carcinoma in situ diagnosed by core-needle biopsy
Authors: Meijnen P , Oldenburg H S A , Loo C E , Nieweg O E , Peterse J L , Rutgers E J T 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

Background
The aim of the study was to assess the risk of invasion and axillary lymph node metastasis in patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) diagnosed by preoperative core-needle biopsy. The data were used to select criteria for patients in whom sentinel node (SN) biopsy might be indicated.

Methods
One hundred and seventy-one women with 172 DCIS lesions diagnosed by core-needle biopsy were analysed. Axillary staging was performed by SN biopsy, axillary node sampling, or level 1–2 axillary lymph node dissection.

Results
Invasive breast cancer was found in the surgical specimens from 45 tumours (26·2 per cent). Risk factors for invasion were a palpable lesion (odds ratio (OR) 2·95 (95 per cent confidence interval 1·20 to 7·26); P = 0·019), presence of a mass on mammography (OR 3·06 (1·43 to 6·56); P = 0·004), and intermediate (OR 5·81 (1·18 to 28·57); P = 0·030) or poorly differentiated (OR 5·46 (1·17 to 25·64); P = 0·031) tumour grade. Lymph node metastases were found in ten women with DCIS and invasion on final pathology. Factors associated with metastases were age 55 years or less (P = 0·030), invasion of 1·0 cm or more (P &lt; 0·001) and the presence of vascular invasion (P = 0·001).

Conclusion
SN biopsy should be considered in women with an initial diagnosis of DCIS on core-needle biopsy who are at risk for invasion; this includes women with a palpable lump, a mass on mammography, and intermediate or poor tumour grade.
Analysis of chemical and metabolic components in traditional Chinese medicinal combined prescription containing Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Panax notoginseng by LC‐ESI‐MS methods
Authors: Wei Ying‐Jie , Li Ping , Shu Bin , Li Hui‐jun , Peng Yun‐ru , Song Yue , Chen Jun , Yi Ling 
Published: April 2007

AbstractHigh‐performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS) methods were developed for the analysis of chemical and metabolic components in traditional Chinese medicinal combined prescription containing Radix Salvia miltiorrhiza and Radix Panax notoginseng (commonly known as Fufang Danshen prescription, FDP). The HPLC experiments used a reversed‐phase Zorbax C18 column with the column temperature at 30°C and a binary mobile phase system consisting of aqueous formic acid (0.1%, v/v) and acetonitrile using a gradient elution at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The ESI‐MS was operated with a single‐quadrupole mass spectrometer in both negative and positive ion modes. 36 major chromatographic peaks of FDP, including 14 saponins, 13 phenolic acids and nine diterpenoid quinones were characterized by their MS spectra and in comparison with some of the reference standards. In addition, after oral administration of extraction of FDP, the rat's plasma, urine and feces were also analyzed; 53 metabolic components including 30 original components and 23 transformative components of FDP were detected, and possible metabolic pathways of some components in FDP were given. The analysis of chemical and metabolic components in FDP by HPLC‐MS methods could be a useful means of identifying the multi‐components of FDP and to hint at their possible metabolic mechanism of action in the body. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.