bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Product/process improvement by integrated physical and simulation experiments: a case study in the textile industry
Authors: Masala S. , Pedone P. , Sandigliano M. , Romano D. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn hi‐tech industry, such as aerospace and microelectronics, simulation and lab tests are routinely used together in the product/process development phase. However, although design of experiments and computer experiments are sound methodologies for running experiments in physical and numerical settings, respectively, effective integration between the two kinds of investigation in view of product/process improvement and innovation is little explored in the academic literature. This paper presents a broad approach for this purpose. Although the approach is still qualitative, it introduces the various elements of an industrially relevant problem, which is likely to challenge applied statisticians in the near future. The approach is illustrated by its application to a manufacturing process in the textiles. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A Bayesian EWMA method to detect jumps at the start‐up phase of a process
Authors: Tsiamyrtzis Panagiotis , Hawkins Douglas M. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe start‐up phase data of a process are the spine of traditional SPC charting and testing methods and are usually assumed to be i.i.d. observations from the in‐control distribution. In this work a new method is proposed to model normally distributed start‐up phase data where we allow for serial dependence and randomly occurring unidirectional level shifts of the underlying parameter of interest. The theoretic development is based on a Bayesian sequentially updated EWMA model with normal mixture errors. The new approach makes use of available prior information and provides a framework for drawing decisions and making prediction on line, even with a single observation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Variation mode and effect analysis: an application to fatigue life prediction
Authors: Johannesson Pär , Svensson Thomas , Samuelsson Leif , Bergman Bo , de Maré Jacques 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present an application of the probabilistic branch of variation mode and effect analysis (VMEA) implemented as a first‐order, second‐moment reliability method. First order means that the failure function is approximated to be linear around the nominal values with respect to the main influencing variables, while second moment means that only means and variances are taken into account in the statistical procedure. We study the fatigue life of a jet engine component and aim at a safety margin that takes all sources of prediction uncertainties into account. Scatter is defined as random variation due to natural causes, such as non‐homogeneous material, geometry variation within tolerances, load variation in usage, and other uncontrolled variations. Other uncertainties are unknown systematic errors, such as model errors in the numerical calculation of fatigue life, statistical errors in estimates of parameters, and unknown usage profile. By treating also systematic errors as random variables, the whole safety margin problem is put into a common framework of second‐order statistics. The final estimated prediction variance of the logarithmic life is obtained by summing the variance contributions of all sources of scatter and other uncertainties, and it represents the total uncertainty in the life prediction. Motivated by the central limit theorem, this logarithmic life random variable may be regarded as normally distributed, which gives possibilities to calculate relevant safety margins. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kristallstruktur des Lithium‐Trimethylsilanolats [Li7(OSiMe3)7(THF)]
Authors: Kern Beatrice , Vitze Hannes , Bolte Michael , Wagner Matthias , Lerner Hans‐Wolfram 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe lithium silanolate LiOSiMe3 is accessible from the reaction of Me3SiOSiMe3 with LiMe in tetrahydrofuran. Single crystals of [Li7(OSiMe3)7(THF)] were obtained from toluene at 25 °C. The structure of [Li7(OSiMe3)7(THF)] (C2/c) features a capped trigonal antiprismatic arrangement of seven Li atoms. The Li atoms in [Li7(OSiMe3)7(THF)] are μ3‐bridged by seven O atoms of the silanolate ligand.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Magnetic Behaviour of Two 1‐D Chain Manganese‐Nitroxide Complexes Bridged by Isophthalate Anions
Authors: Gao Dong‐Zhao , Sun Ya‐Qiu , Liao Dai‐Zheng , Jiang Zong‐Hui , Yan Shi‐Ping 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwo one‐dimensional (1‐D) chain manganese‐nitroxide complexes {[Mn(NIT4Py)2(ip)(H2O)2]·4H2O}n (1) and [Mn(IM4Py)2(ip)(H2O)2]n (2) (NIT4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridinyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl‐3‐oxide, IM4Py = 2‐(4′‐pyridinyl)‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethylimidazoline‐1‐oxyl and ip = isophthalate anion) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectrum and electronic absorption spectra. Complex 1 was structurally characterized and it crystallizes in neutral 1‐D chains where MnII nitroxide units [Mn(NIT4Py)2(H2O)2] are linked by isophthalate anions. The magnetic measurements show that complex 1 exhibits antiferromagnetic couplings, while complex 2 exhibits ferromagnetic interactions between the MnII ion and the nitroxide radicals.
Syntheses, Structures and Magnetic Behaviours of two Mixed‐Metal Inorganic‐Organic Hybrid Frameworks with N‐(Phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetate
Authors: Gao Yue‐Qiang , Gu Wen , Sun Xiu‐Ping , Liu Xin , Liao Dai‐Zheng 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwo mixed‐metal‐center inorganic‐organic hybrid frameworks incorporating N‐(Phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetate(H4pmida), [Zn2V2O2(pmida)2(H2O)10]·H2O (1) and [Zn2V2O2(pmida)2(H2O)12]·2H2O (2), were synthesized by hydrothermal reactions and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV‐Vis spectra and single crystal X‐ray analysis. In complex 1, the centrosymmetric dimeric [V2O2(pmida)2]4– unit connected to neighboring Zn2+ through the phosphonate group, while 2 the [V2O2(pmida)2]4– unit uncoordinated with the Zn2+ in the presence of NaOH. Magnetic measurements in the range 2‐300 K have shown weak antiferromagnetic interaction between the adjacent vanadium ions in complexes.
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of Commensurate Polymorph of Ln4AlCu2B9O23 (Ln=Lu,Ho) and Refinement of Cu2Al6B4O17
Authors: Plachinda P. A. , Belokoneva E. L. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSingle crystals of new Cu,Lu(Ho)–alumoborate and known Cu,Al–borate were synthesized through reaction between CuB2O4 and LnBO3 on the Al2O3 surface by annealing at 1100 °C. Structure of commensurate modification of Ln4AlCu2B9O23, (Ln = Lu,Ho), sp. gr. $P{\bar 4}2_{1}m$, was solved at room temperature. It was found that a low–temperature (110 K) modification possesses incommensurate modulations with modulation vector q =(0, 0, 0.132). The nonaborate block – [B9O23]19– – 9[6T+3Δ] forms an isolated unique dense closed anionic unit. This block is terminated by Al–tetrahedrons in the chessboard pattern, resulting in formation of complex alumoborate layer [AlB9O23]16–. Apical oxygen of central BO3 triangle of the nonaborate block seems to be the source of modulations observed in low temperature polymorph. Cationic layers with the Ln and Cu atoms are alternating along c axis with anionic layers. The structure Cu2Al6B4O17, previously studied by the Rietveld method, was corroborated by single crystal data and was compared with LiAl7B4O17.
Prognosis of Japanese Breast Cancer Based on Hormone Receptor and HER2 Expression Determined by Immunohistochemical Staining
Authors: Nakajima Hiroo , Fujiwara Ikuya , Mizuta Naruhiko , Sakaguchi Koichi , Hachimine Yasushi , Konishi Eiichi , Yanagisawa Akio , Magae Junji 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackgroundWe classified Japanese breast cancer patients based on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 protein expression and compared their prognoses.MethodsWe compared the background and prognostic factors of 600 patients with breast cancer who were assigned to the following groups: luminal A (ER + and/or PR + and HER2‐; n = 431; 71.8%), luminal B (ER + and/or PR + and HER2 + ; n = 27; 4.5%), HER2 (ER‐, PR‐, and HER2 + ; n = 39; 6.5%) and basal‐like (BBC; ER‐, PR‐, and HER2‐; n = 103; 17.2%).ResultsBackground factors did not significantly differ among the groups. Disease‐free survival rates were significantly lower for the luminal B, HER2, and BBC subtypes than for the luminal A subtype. Cancer tended to recur earlier and overall survival was significantly lower for the BBC than for the luminal A and HER2 subtypes. Overall survival rates for the luminal B, HER2, and luminal A subtypes were comparable.ConclusionsThe subtype distribution for Japanese and Caucasian patients was comparable. The prognosis for the BBC subtype was poorest among all subtypes. Breast cancer tended to recur earlier for the luminal B and HER2 subtypes than for the luminal A subtype; however, overall survival did not significantly differ among them.
Behavioral therapy for urinary incontinence in India
Authors: Kumari Santosh , Jain Vanita , Mandal Arup Kumar , Singh Amarjeet 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of urinary incontinence in a sample of women from northern India, and the impact of behavioral therapy to treat its occurrence and severity.MethodsA randomized controlled trial conducted from 2005–2006 to test the null hypothesis that behavioral therapy would not have an effect on urinary incontinence. Following a prevalence study, a total of 198 women with urinary incontinence were randomized into 2 groups: an intervention group (behavioral therapy) and a control group (no therapy).ResultsThe prevalence of urinary incontinence was 11.6%. After an 8‐month follow‐up period, 41 women (52.5%) in the intervention group had become continent, and severity had shifted from severe to mild in 19 women (24.4%). In contrast, 11 women (12.8%) in the control group had become continent. In the intervention group, mean daytime voiding frequency decreased from 9.56 to 7.64, mean nighttime voiding frequency decreased from 1.45 to 0.69, and mean episodes of urine leakage decreased from 1.97 to 0.23.ConclusionBehavioral therapy was effective in treating urinary incontinence, particularly in women with mild and moderate incontinence.
Relationship between reproductive initiation and ear emergence development in Lolium perenne L.
Authors: HURLEY G. , GILLILAND T. J. , O'DONOVAN M. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYDuring spring, perennial ryegrass tillers change from vegetative to reproductive growth in response to photoperiod and undergo irreversible morphological changes. The effect of latitude and meteorological factors on the timing of reproductive initiation and ear emergence (EE) were measured in the field on 40 vernalized spaced plants for each of eight cultivars. The measurements were made at two latitudes in Ireland (Moorepark 52°N, Crossnacreevy 54°N). There was a significant effect of site and cultivar on all the variables measured. Cultivar initiation responded to a specific photoperiod but detection through apical development incurred a small variation due to growing conditions affecting the time taken for a visible change in apical morphology to occur. When converted from photoperiod to initiation date this variance was minimal (±6 min). Timing of EE was dependent on growing conditions not photoperiod and so was specific to the studied conditions. As cultivar rank order for EE date was largely retained, there was a very strong correlation with published UK Plant Breeders Rights (PBR) heading dates for these cultivars, which in turn had a strong relationship with the ear initiation (EI) dates (R2=0·95). The latter relationship was sufficiently robust to allow estimation of photoperiod for any cultivar on the EU Common Catalogue based on its published heading date from Crossnacreevy, where the UK PBR trials are conducted. As photoperiod can be converted to calendar date by reference to latitude, this relationship can also be used to estimate the EI date for sites at latitudes other than those in the current study.
Trypanosomes in a declining species of threatened Australian marsupial, the brush-tailed bettongBettongia penicillata(Marsupialia: Potoroidae)
Authors: SMITH A. , CLARK P. , AVERIS S. , LYMBERY A. J. , WAYNE A. F. , MORRIS K. D. , THOMPSON R. C. A. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYThe brush-tailed bettong (Bettongia penicillata), or woylie, is a medium-sized macropod marsupial that has undergone a rapid and substantial decline throughout its home range in the Upper Warren region of Western Australia over a period of approximately 5 years. As part of an investigation into possible causes of the decline a morphologically distinctTrypanosomasp. was discovered by light microscopy in the declining population but was absent in a stable population within the Karakamia Wildlife Sanctuary. Further investigations employing molecular methods targeting variations in the 18s rRNA gene determined that the trypanosome was novel and was also present within the Karakamia population albeit at a much lower overall prevalence and individual parasitaemia levels. Phylogenetic analysis suggests the novelTrypanosomasp. to be closely related to other trypanosomes isolated from native Australian wildlife species. Although it appears unlikely that the parasite is solely responsible for the decline in woylie population size, it may (singularly or in conjunction with other infectious agents) predispose woylies to increased mortality.
Phylogenetic analysis of Trypanosoma vivax supports the separation of South American/West African from East African isolates and a new T. vivax-like genotype infecting a nyala antelope from Mozambique
Authors: RODRIGUES A. C. , NEVES L. , GARCIA H. A. , VIOLA L. B. , MARCILI A. , DA SILVA F. MAIA , SIGAUQUE I. , BATISTA J. S. , PAIVA F. , TEIXEIRA M. M. G. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYIn this study, we addressed the phylogenetic and taxonomic relationships of Trypanosoma vivax and related trypanosomes nested in the subgenus Duttonella through combined morphological and phylogeographical analyses. We previously demonstrated that the clade T. vivax harbours a homogeneous clade comprising West African/South American isolates and the heterogeneous East African isolates. Herein we characterized a trypanosome isolated from a nyala antelope (Tragelaphus angasi) wild-caught in Mozambique (East Africa) and diagnosed as T. vivax-like based on biological, morphological and molecular data. Phylogenetic relationships, phylogeographical patterns and estimates of genetic divergence were based on SSU and ITS rDNA sequences of T. vivax from Brazil and Venezuela (South America), Nigeria (West Africa), and from T. vivax-like trypanosomes from Mozambique, Kenya and Tanzania (East Africa). Despite being well-supported within the T. vivax clade, the nyala trypanosome was highly divergent from all other T. vivax and T. vivax-like trypanosomes, even those from East Africa. Considering its host origin, morphological features, behaviour in experimentally infected goats, phylogenetic placement, and genetic divergence this isolate represents a new genotype of trypanosome closely phylogenetically related to T. vivax. This study corroborated the high complexity and the existence of distinct genotypes yet undescribed within the subgenus Duttonella.
Synchronization of host-parasite cycles by means of diapause: host influence and parasite response to involuntary host shifting
Authors: CALERO-TORRALBO M. A. , VALERA F. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYMany parasites require synchronization of their infective phases with the appearance of susceptible host individuals and, for many species, diapause is one of the mechanisms contributing to such coincidence. A variety of ecological factors, like changes in host temperature produced by involuntary host shifting (substitution of the usual host by an infrequent one), can modify host-parasite synchronization of diapausing ectoparasites of endothermic species. To understand the influence of host shifting on the mechanisms of parasite synchronization, we conducted experiments using the system formed by the ectoparasitic flyCarnus hemapterusand its avian hosts. We simulated the occurrence of the usual host and natural cases of host shifting by exposing overwintering carnid pupae from Bee-eater nests (Merops apiaster) to the earlier incubation periods of twoCarnushost species that frequently reoccupy Bee-eater nests. Pupae exposed to host shifting treatments advanced the mean date of emergence and produced an earlier and faster rate of emergence in comparison with pupae exposed both to the control (absence of any host) and Bee-eater treatments. The effect was more evident for the treatment resembling the host with the most dissimilar phenology to the one of the usual host. Our results show that host temperature is an environmental cue used by this nest-dwelling haematophagous ectoparasite and reveal thatCarnus hemapterushas some potential to react to involuntary host shifting by means of plasticity in the termination of diapause.
Anti-VSG antibodies induce an increase inTrypanosoma evansiintracellular Ca2+concentration
Authors: MENDOZA M. , UZCANGA G. L. , PACHECO R. , ROJAS H. , CARRASQUEL L. M. , GARCÍA-MARCHAN Y. , SERRANO-MARTÍN X. , BENAÍM G. , BUBIS J. , MIJARES A. 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYTrypanosoma evansiandTrypanosoma vivaxhave shown a very high immunological cross-reactivity. Anti-T. vivaxantibodies were used to monitor changes in theT. evansiintracellular Ca2+concentration ([Ca2+]i) by fluorometric ratio imaging from single parasites. A short-time exposure ofT. evansiparasites to sera fromT. vivax-infected bovines induced an increase in [Ca2+]i, which generated their complete lysis. The parasite [Ca2+]iboost was reduced but not eliminated in the absence of extracellular Ca2+or following serum decomplementation. Decomplemented anti-T. evansiVSG antibodies also produced an increase in the parasite [Ca2+]i, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Furthermore, this Ca2+signal was reduced following blockage with Ni2+or in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, suggesting that this response was a combination of an influx of Ca2+throughout membrane channels and a release of this ion from intracellular stores. The observed Ca2+signal was specific since (i) it was completely eliminated following pre-incubation of the anti-VSG antibodies with the purified soluble VSG, and (ii) affinity-purified anti-VSG antibodies also generated an increase in [Ca2+]iby measurements on single cells or parasite populations. We also showed that an increase of theT. evansi[Ca2+]iby the calcium A-23187 ionophore led to VSG release from the parasite surface. In addition,in vivoimmunofluorescence labelling revealed that anti-VSG antibodies induced the formation of raft patches of VSG on the parasite surface. This is the first study to identify a ligand that is coupled to calcium flux in salivarian trypanosomes.
Monoamine oxidase A and childhood adversity as risk factors for conduct disorder in females
Authors: Prom-Wormley E. C. , Eaves L. J. , Foley D. L. , Gardner C. O. , Archer K. J. , Wormley B. K. , Maes H. H. , Riley B. P. , Silberg J. L. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundRecent studies among males have reported a genotype–environment interaction (G×E) in which low-activity alleles at the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) locus conferred greater sensitivity to the effects of childhood adversity on risk for conduct disorder (CD). So far, few studies of females have controlled for gene–environment correlation or used females heterozygous for this X-linked gene.MethodLogistic regression analysis of a sample of 721 females ages 8–17 years from the longitudinal Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development (VTSABD) assessed the additive effects ofMAOAgenotypes on risk for CD, together with the main effect of childhood adversity and parental antisocial personality disorder (ASP), as well as the interaction ofMAOAwith childhood adversity on risk for CD.ResultsA significant main effect of genotype on risk for CD was detected, where low-activityMAOAimparted the greatest risk to CD in girls while controlling for the significant effects of maternal ASP and childhood adversity. Significant G×E with weak effect was detected when environmental exposure was untransformed, indicating a higher sensitivity to childhood adversity in the presence of the high-activityMAOAallele. The interaction was no longer statistically significant after applying a ridit transformation to reflect the sample sizes exposed at each level of childhood adversity.ConclusionsThe main effect ofMAOAon risk for CD in females, its absence in males and directional difference of interaction is suggestive of genotype–sex interaction. As the effect of G×E on risk for CD was weak, its inclusion is not justified.
An investigation of temperament endophenotype candidates for early emergence of the core cognitive component of eating disorders
Authors: Wilksch S. M. , Wade T. D. 
Published: August 2008

BackgroundThis study was designed to investigate potential temperament endophenotypes for clinically significant importance of shape and weight.MethodSeven temperament risk factors for eating disorders and the Eating Disorder Examination were assessed in 699 female twins aged 12–15 years. Each variable was evaluated against the following endophenotype criteria: associated with illness in the general population; found in non-affected family members at a higher rate than in the general population; and, heritable.ResultsAll seven variables were significantly associated with clinically significant importance of shape and weight, while thin-ideal internalization, ineffectiveness, body dissatisfaction and sensitivity to punishment were found at significantly elevated levels in non-affected twins, when controlling for sister's temperament score. These four variables had genetic correlations with importance of shape and weight, ranging from 0.48 to 0.95.ConclusionsFuture research should evaluate the stability of the identified endophenotypes and their utility for predicting significant growth in importance of shape and weight, and also whether different endophenotypes emerge when the importance of weight and shape reaches its peak in adolescents, around 15 to 16 years of age.
Conservation on community lands: the importance of equitable revenue sharing
Authors: GROOM ROSEMARY , HARRIS STEPHEN 
Published: August 2008

SUMMARYAttempts to establish local support for wildlife and conservation through the sharing of revenues and empowerment of local communities to manage their wildlife have proliferated over the past two decades. Data from two neighbouring Maasai group ranches in the wildlife dispersal area of Amboseli and Tsavo National Parks (Kenya) indicated one ranch generated considerable wildlife revenues from a tourist operation and community trust while the other received no direct benefits from wildlife. The overall attitude to wildlife on the ranch with wildlife revenues was significantly more positive, but attitudes within the ranch varied significantly, depending on both costs from wildlife and perception of the distribution of wildlife revenues. Ordinal logistic regression analyses showed that it was not the amount of revenue received or the scale of costs from wildlife which determined people's attitudes, but simply the presence or absence of wildlife benefits. The importance of addressing inequitable distribution of benefits is emphasized.
RESTRICTION OF FOURIER TRANSFORMS TO CURVES II: SOME CLASSES WITH VANISHING TORSION
Authors: BAK JONG-GUK , OBERLIN DANIEL M. , SEEGER ANDREAS 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe consider the Fourier restriction operators associated to certain degenerate curves in ℝd for which the highest torsion vanishes. We prove estimates with respect to affine arclength and with respect to the Euclidean arclength measure on the curve. The estimates have certain uniform features, and the affine arclength results cover families of flat curves.