bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Splenectomy as adjunctive therapy for immune-mediated thrombocytopenia and hemolytic anemia in the dog
Authors: Feldman Bernard F. , Handagama Prem , Lubberink A. A. M. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Splenectomy was done in 9 dogs having immune-mediated hematologic disorders refractory to medical therapy. These disorders were immune-mediated thrombocytopenia (n = 3), immune hemolytic anemia (n = 3), and Evan's syndrome (n = 3). The diagnoses were based on clinical observations, laboratory test data, and differential of other conditions. In the 12 months after splenectomy was done, the dogs reflected clinical improvement and return of platelet and/or erythrocyte counts to clinically acceptable limits; medical treatment was stopped or reduced in 8 of 9 patients. The exceptional patient had shown clinical improvement without change in the platelet count. At the end of 1 year, survival rate was excellent, and postsplenectomy complications, such as hemobartonellosis, did not appear. It is believed that splenectomy may be useful for treating immune-mediated thrombocytopenia, anemia, and Evan's syndrome that seem refractory to medication.
Antibiotic susceptibility profiles for mastitis treatment
Authors: Hinckley L. S. , Benson R. H. , Post J. E. , DeCloux J. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Susceptibility tests were performed on milk samples representing prevalent mastitis infections in certain herds. Susceptibility patterns of the same bacterial species from several mastitis infections in the same herd were consistent. The herd antibiotic susceptibility profiles were used as a basis for selecting antibiotics for treatment of all such mastitis cases in that herd. A high degree of correlation was seen between the susceptibility test results and treatment results.
Susceptibility patterns of the same bacterial species from mastitis infections in different herds varied greatly, which indicated that any one antibiotic would not work equally well against the same bacterial infection in every herd. Therefore, treatment should be selected on the basis of susceptibility test results.
When both Streptococcus and Staphylococcus mastitis occurred in the same herd, the susceptibility patterns for the 2 bacterial species varied widely. Therefore, for herds that experienced both streptococcal and staphylococcal mastitis, antibiotics to which both bacterial species were susceptible were used for treatment.
An epizootic of respiratory syncytial virus infection in a dairy herd
Authors: Harrison L. R. , Pursell A. R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Respiratory syncytial virus was the cause of a severe epizootic of bovine respiratory tract disease. The virus, isolated from a sick cow during the epizootic, produced cytopathic effect in a bovine turbinate cell line 14 days after it was inoculated. Additional support for the diagnosis came from the results of pathologic and serologic examinations. Lesions consistently present were severe necrotizing bronchiolitis and epithelial syncytia projecting from bronchiolar and alveolar walls. Also, in the cow from which the virus was isolated, there was tracheitis with a syncytial-like change involving the mucosal epithelium.
Pylorectomy and gastroduodenostomy in the dog: Technique and clinical results in 28 cases
Authors: Walter Mary C. , Matthiesen David T. , Stone Elizabeth A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pylorectomy and end-to-end gastroduodenostomy are surgical procedures that allow excision of abnormal pyloric tissue and provide improved gastric outflow. These techniques were used for the treatment of benign, malignant, and ulcerative conditions that were judged to be not adequately treatable with pyloromyotomies or pyloroplasties. End-to-end gastroduodenostomy was not much more difficult than a standard intestinal anastomosis; however, a thorough knowledge of the pyloric area anatomy was required to avoid serious surgical errors. In addition, gentle tissue manipulation and precise suture placement reduced the chance of iatrogenic pancreatitis, biliary obstruction, tissue ischemia, and/or suture line leakage. The results of surgery depended on the underlying disease process. Dogs with benign lesions such as chronic hypertrophic pyloric gastropathy responded favorably to treatment. Dogs with malignant disease and perforated ulcers had low long-term survival rate. Pyloric adenocarcinoma was not adequately treated with this method alone.
Management of acquired flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint in Equidae
Authors: Wagner Pamela C. , Shires G. Michael H. , Watrous Barbara J. , Kaneps Andris J. , Schmotzer Wayne B. , Riebold Thomas W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Fifteen horses with flexural deformity of the metacarpophalangeal joint were evaluated and their conditions were designated as mild, moderate, or severe. Evaluations were made on the basis of clinical signs and lesions seen on radiography. Horses with mild deformities were treated with corrective trimming and shoeing; those with moderate deformities were treated with desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon and corrective shoeing. Desmotomies of the accessory ligaments of both deep and superficial digital flexor tendons were performed on horses severely affected, followed by corrective shoeing. In this long-term study, 4 horses with mild lesions and 4 horses with moderate lesions returned to useful work. None of the horses with severe disease responded enough to withstand strenuous athletic training.
Bile acid concentrations in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease in the dog
Authors: Center Sharon A. , Baldwin Betty H. , Erb Hollis N. , Tennant Bud C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The clinical usefulness of measuring serum bile acid concentrations as a diagnostic test for hepatobiliary disease, was examined in 150 dogs that were suspected of having hepatic disease. Serum values of total bilirubin (tb), alkaline phosphatase (alp), alanine transaminase (alt), and albumin were also measured. Fasting serum bile acid (fsba) values were determined, using a solid-phase radioimmunoassay for total conjugated bile acids or a direct enzymatic spectrophotometric method. A definitive diagnosis was established by histologic examination of the liver. On the basis of histologic findings, dogs were assigned to groups (1 to 8, respectively) including: extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, cirrhosis, portal systemic vascular anastomosis (psva), hepatic necrosis, intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, neoplasia, and secondary disease. Dogs in group 8 had no morphologic evidence of hepatobiliary disease or had mild hepatic lesions.
Test efficacies of fsba, tb, alp, alt, and albumin were expressed using 4 indices: sensitivity, specificity, and positive-predictive and negative-predictive values. The diagnostic efficacy of fsba was examined alone and in combinations with the other tests.
There was wide overlapping of fsba values among dogs in groups 1 to 7, and there was wide overlapping of alt and alp values among dogs in all groups. The specificity of fsba for the diagnosis of liver disease exceeded 90% at values ≥ 30 μmol/L and reached 100% at ≥ 50 μmol/L.
Individual liver tests with the best sensitivity for each group were: fsba and alp for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction; fsba for cirrhosis and psva; alt for hepatic necrosis; and alp for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Combinations of tests with the best sensitivity for each group were: fsba + alp for extrahepatic bile duct obstruction; fsba + alt for cirrhosis and psva; fsba + alt and tb + alt for hepatic necrosis; and fsba + alp for intrahepatic cholestasis, steroid hepatopathy, and neoplasia. Individual tests had the best sensitivity.
Individual tests with the best positive-predictive value were fsba and tb. The least specific test was alp. The best overall test combination for the detection of hepatobiliary disease was fsba + tb + alt. Adding alp to fsba + tb + alt was never an improvement.
Only the group with psva did not benefit from combination testing in which values of fsba alone gave the best sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value.
In dogs with liver disease in groups 1,2, and 4 to 7, examined collectively there were significant correlations (P <0.05) between fsba values and tb, alp, and alt.
The fsba values were useful in the diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease. Seemingly, fsba values >30 μmol/L warrant liver biopsy for morphologic diagnosis of hepatobiliary disease.
Ventricular preexcitation in seven dogs and nine cats
Authors: Hill Brian L. , Tilley Lawrence P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ventricular preexcitation was diagnosed in 6 dogs and 7 cats examined because of weakness, syncope, or congestive heart failure, and as an incidental finding in 1 dog and 2 cats. Reciprocating tachycardias were documented in 8 of the cases. Six of the cats had a pathologic diagnosis of primary cardiomyopathy. Two of the dogs had an associated congenital heart defect.
Reciprocating tachycardias were controlled in 4 cases with digoxin, in 2 cases with propranolol, and in 1 case with quinidine. Conduction through the accessory pathway was altered by quinidine (2 cases), digoxin, and propranolol (1 case each), resulting in a lengthened P-R interval and more normal QRS complex configuration.
Evaluation of adrenal function in psittacine birds, using the ACTH stimulation test
Authors: Lothrop Clinton D. , Olsen John H. , Loomis Michael R. , Jensen James M. , Lenhard Andrea 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of ACTH (16 units) on plasma cortisol and corticosterone concentrations in healthy psittacine birds was evaluated. Plasma corticosterone significantly increased (P < 0.01) from a mean (± sd) basal concentration of 3.25 ± 3.6 ng/ml to 26.47 ± 9.25 (one hour after ACTH administration) and 25.69 ± 13.23 ng/ml (2 hours after ACTH administration). For maximal increase in plasma corticosterone as measured by radioimmunoassay (ria), heat denaturation was necessary to release corticosteroids from steroid-binding proteins. As measured by ria, plasma cortisol concentrations did not increase, whether or not the heat denaturation step was included. Addition of cortisol to avian plasma did not prevent accurate quantification of cortisol as measured by ria. Plasma corticosterone concentrations in cockatoos, macaws, Amazon parrots, conures, and lorikeets before and after ACTH administration indicated that the ACTH stimulation test could be used to evaluate adrenal secretory capacity in psittacine birds.
Endocrine responses of healthy parrots to ACTH and thyroid stimulating hormone
Authors: Zenoble R. D. , Kemppainen R. J. , Young D. W. , Clubb S. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Effects of exogenous ACTH on plasma corticosterone and cortisol concentrations and the effects of thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) on plasma triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were determined in the following 3 species of parrots: red-lored Amazon (group 1), blue-fronted Amazon (group 2), and African gray (group 3). Each bird was given ACTH (0.125 mg/bird) IM, except for 3 to 4 birds in each group, which were given saline solution (controls). Blood samples were collected before and 90 minutes after ACTH stimulation. In group 1 (n = 12); mean plasma corticosterone concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 1.06 μg/dl (before ACTH) to 4.89 μg/dl (after ACTH); mean corticosterone concentrations increased in the control birds from 1.06 μg/dl to 1.84 μg/dl; and mean cortisol concentrations increased only slightly from 0.228 μg/dl to 0.266 μg/dl. In group 2 (n = 12), mean corticosterone concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 2.09 μg/dl to 10.58 μg/dl; control mean corticosterone concentrations decreased slightly from 2.09 μg/dl to 1.77 μg/dl; and mean cortisol concentrations increased from ≤ 0.16 μg/dl to 0.266 μg/dl. In group 3 (n = 12), mean plasma corticosterone concentrations increased significantly (P ≤ 0.001) from 2.33 μg/dl to 4.67 μg/dl; mean control plasma corticosterone concentrations decreased from 2.33 μg/dl to 1.68 μg/dl; and plasma corticol concentrations were not detectable.
Each bird was given tsh, im (1 U/bird). Blood samples were collected before and 6 hours after tsh administration. Saline solution was not administered as controls. In group 1 (n = 14), mean T4 concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) from 0.43 μg/dl before tsh to 6.11 μg/dl after tsh, and the mean T3 concentration decreased from 156.3 ng/dl to 136.8 ng/dl. In group 2 (n = 12), mean T4 concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) from ≤0.15 μg/dl to 7.64 μg/dl and mean T3 concentrations increased from 107.4 ng/dl to 260.3 ng/dl. In group 3 (n = 12), mean T4 concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.001) from ≤0.15 μg/dl to 1.79 μg/dl and mean T3 concentrations increased from 175.4 ng/dl to 184.1 ng/dl.
Results indicated that, in parrots, plasma corticosterone, but not cortisol, was responsive to ACTH administration. Plasma T4 was more responsive to tsh administration than was T3.
Glucosuria associated with renal calculi in Asian small-clawed otters
Authors: Calle Paul P. , Robinson Phillip T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Urine from one female and 2 male Asian small-clawed otters (Aonyx cinerea) with bilateral renal calculi, one female with unilateral calculi, and one nonaffected male were evaluated for abnormal urinary crystalloid excretion. One otter with bilateral renal calculi had cystic calculi composed of calcium oxalate monohydrate and dihydrate. The 2 affected males were littermates, as were the 2 affected females, but the 2 litters were from different parents. At the time of the study, the otters did not have clinical signs of disease.
Hematologic and serum biochemical, electrolyte, and enzyme values were normal. The urinary excretion of calcium, oxalate, uric acid, phosphate, citrate, and amino acids in otters with renal calculi was similar to that of the nonaffected otter.
The 4 otters with renal calculi had glucosuria but the nonaffected otter did not have glucosuria. The glucosuria, in the absence of hyperglycemia, suggested a renal tubular transport defect for glucose. Other renal abnormalities were not found.
Clinical evaluation and prerelease management of American river otters in the second year of a reintroduction study
Authors: Hoover John P. , Bahr Robert J. , Nieves Mary Ann , Doyle Robert T. , Zimmer Mark A. , Lauzon Susan E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
In the first year (1984) of a reintroduction study, 10 American river otters (Lutra canadensis) from Louisiana were transported to Oklahoma, held for 5 days for clinical evaluation, surgical implantation with intra-abdominal radiotelemetry devices, and then released in Oklahoma. Four of 10 otters released died within 32 days. Clinical evaluation indicated that respiratory tract disease, bacterial and parasitic infections, and inanition may have contributed to the death of these otters. In the second year (1985) of the study, an exotic feline diet was fed, and the holding period for 10 otters was increased to provide time for evaluation and treatment before surgery, postsurgical acclimation to Oklahoma, and reevaluation before release. Although the initial clinical findings on otters in the second year were similar to those found in the first year, otter body weights increased, and the prevalence and severity of clinical abnormalities decreased with treatment during the second-year holding period. Three of 10 second-year otters died during the holding period, and contributing causes of death were determined to be: trauma (hepatic hematoma), inanition, renal disease, pneumonia, salmonellosis (Salmonella anatum), and a retropharyngeal abscess (Klebsiella pneumoniae). Seven healthy otters were reintroduced into Oklahoma in 1985, and postrelease deaths were not experienced.
Seroprevalence of respiratory syncytial virus in free-ranging bighorn sheep
Authors: Dunbar M. R. , Jessup D. A. , Evermann J. F. , Foreyt W. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Sera from 187 (42%) of 447 free-ranging bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in 9 western states had antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus (rsv). Titers were from 1:5 to 1:640, as determined by the standard virus neutralization test. Results of the survey indicated that rsv is widespread in free-ranging bighorn sheep populations and that rsv may be an important factor in the bighorn sheep pneumonia-complex.
Survey of desert bighorn sheep in California for exposure to selected infectious diseases
Authors: Clark R. K. , Jessup D. A. , Kock M. D. , Weaver R. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From February 1983 to June 1985, 188 desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis nelsoni, = 161 and Oc cremnobates, =27) from 18 herds in 17 mountain ranges and one captive herd were caught, marked, and had blood, fecal, and nasal mucus samples collected.
Nasal swab specimens were cultured bacteriologically and virologically specifically for parainfluenza-3 (pi-3) virus. Bacterial flora differed from herd to herd. Pathogenic pneumophilic bacteria (eg, Pasteurella sp) seldom were found. Parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated from 6 bighorn sheep in 3 herds. Fecal specimens were examined for parasite ova and low numbers of lungworm (Protostrongylus sp) larvae were found in feces from 2 herds. Sera were evaluated for antibodies against respiratory syncytial virus, ovine progressive pneumonia, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, pi-3, bovine viral diarrhea, brucellosis, leptospirosis, contagious ecthyma, bluetongue, and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. Blood clots were cultured virologically for bluetongue and epizootic hemorrhagic disease. Serologic evidence of bluetongue and/or epizootic hemorrhagic disease was found in 9 herds, and bluetongue virus (serotypes 10,11,13 and 17) was isolated from 3 herds. Antibody titers against pi-3 and respiratory syncytial virus were found in 9 and 13 herds, respectively. Evidence of bovine viral diarrhea infection was found in 6 herds, whereas infectious bovine rhinotracheitis was found in only 1 herd. Antibody titers against contagious ecthyma were found in 9 of 18 herds in California, and active lesions were seen occasionally. Evidence of ovine progressive pneumonia, leptospirosis, or brucellosis was not found.
Use of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine to antagonize xylazine-induced immobilization in North American Cervidae
Authors: Renecker Lyle A. , Olsen Chris D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four captive moose (Alces alces), 4 mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and 5 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) were immobilized with xylazine (0.63 to 1.29 mg/kg of body weight, im). Mean induction times for the moose were 17 minutes and for the deer, 14 and 10 minutes, respectively. According to published data and past experience, the dosage of xylazine used would be expected to provide 115, 120, and 100 minutes of immobilization in captive moose, mule deer, and white-tailed deer, respectively.
In the present study, maximal sedation of the moose and deer was reversed with successive injections (given iv) of yohimbine (0.15 mg/kg) and 4-aminopyridine (0.26 to 0.29 mg/kg). These produced sternal recumbency-to-arousal intervals of 1 to 15 minutes and recumbency-to-standing or walking intervals of 1 to 24 minutes. Relapses to recumbency were not observed. The injections of the reversal drugs produced marked increases in respiratory rate and heart rate in the moose and deer, without occurrence of muscle tremors or convulsions. The administrations of yohimbine and 4-aminopyridine markedly enhanced the speed of recovery from xylazine-induced immobilization in moose and deer.
Long-term results of desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (distal check ligament) in horses
Authors: Wagner Pamela C. , Grant Barrie D. , Kaneps Andris J. , Watrous Barbara J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
After desmotomy of the accessory ligament of the deep digital flexor tendon (distal check ligament) had been performed in 40 horses with flexural deformity of the distal interphalangeal joint (contracture of the deep digital flexor tendon), the horses’ records were evaluated retrospectively. Information concerning soundness, return to intended purpose, and cosmetic appearance of the limb and hoof was obtained.
The condition had been diagnosed and treated in 26 horses before they were one year old (group A, acute) and in 14 horses greater than one year of age (group B, chronic).
Nine months to 4 years after surgery, 35 horses (24 from group A, and 11 from group B) were not lame and were being used as athletes. Thirty-three horses were being used for what the owner had intended before the development of the flexural deformity, and 7 were not. Of these 7 horses, 6 had complications related to the deformity, whereas one had complications resulting from surgery.
Use of dopamine hydrochloride during general anesthesia in the treatment of advanced atrioventricular heart block in four foals
Authors: Whitton Doris L. , Trim Cynthia M. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Heart block is a relatively common arrhythmia in the adult horse. It may be a normal physiologic phenomenon or it may have pathologic implication. Four foals in which advanced heart block developed during anesthesia were unresponsive to atropine sulfate and supportive treatment alone. Resolution of the heart blocks was achieved after the addition of dopamine hydrochloride to the therapeutic regimen.
Distal tibial fractures in dogs and cats
Authors: Boone E. G. , Johnson A. L. , Hohn R. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 43 fractures of the distal tibia in dogs and cats were evaluated for fracture patterns, methods of stabilization, and time to bone union. Fractures of the metaphysis (9.3%), physis (30.9%), epiphysis (2.3%), and malleoli (58.2%) were classified. Open reduction and internal fixation, with combinations of Kirschner wire, orthopedic wire, and bone screws, were the methods of fixation used in the majority of fractures. These relatively simple methods of fixation were applied to all sizes of dogs and cats and resulted in an average bone healing time of 6 weeks.
Susceptibility of obligate anaerobes to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
Authors: Indiveri Mary C. , Hirsh Dwight C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Susceptibilities of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole were tested alone and in combination (1:20) against 94 isolants of obligate anaerobes from clinical specimens. Ninety percent of the isolants were inhibited by < 0.25 μg - < 4.75 μg trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole/ml; 5.4 μg trimethoprim/ml and; 900 μg sulfamethoxazole/ml.
We concluded that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole would be effective in the treatment of infectious processes containing species of obligate anaerobes, including those resistant to the penicillin and cephalothin groups of antibiotics.
Congestive heart failure associated with hyperthyroidism in cats
Authors: Jacobs Gilbert , Hutson Christina , Dougherty James , Kirmayer Allan 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hyperthyroidism was diagnosed in 4 cats with congestive heart failure. Dyspnea and anorexia were observed in 3 of the 4 cats. In each cat, a holosystolic left and/or right apical heart murmur was auscultated. In 3 cats, a prominent extra heart sound (gallop rhythm) was auscultated. All cats had a palpably large thyroid lobe(s) and weight loss. The laboratory and ecg changes were similar to those reported for feline hyperthyroidism. Moderate-to-severe pleural effusion and cardiomegaly were detected via radiography in all cats. Some cats had radiographic signs of pulmonary venous engorgement and pulmonary edema. Echocardiography revealed cardiac dilatation and low left ventricular shortening fraction (wall motion) in all cats. Three cats responded initially to cardiac drugs and propylthiouracil or thyroidectomy. One of these died later, presumably from an adverse reaction to propylthiouracil, and the others died from recurrent congestive heart failure (1) or postoperative cardiac arrest (1). One cat did not respond to treatment, and died 2 days after diagnosis.