bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Determinants and Patterns of Contraceptive Use among Sexually Active Women Living with HIV in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Akinsolu Folahanmi Tomiwa. , Adegbite Zainab Oyindamola , Bankole Samuel A. , Lawale Abisola , Adewole Ifeoluwa Eunice , Abodunrin Olunike Rebecca , Olagunju Mobolaji Timothy , Ola Oluwabukola Mary , Chukwuemeka Abel Nnamdi , Gambari Aisha Oluwaseun , Nwogu-Attah Jacinta N. , Okunbor Hiliary Nosa , Lukwa Akim Tafadzwa , Herbertson Ebiere , Eleje George Uchenna , Akanni Olatunji , Ezechi Oliver Chukwujekwu 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Contraception is a strategy to meet the family planning goals of women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) as well as to reduce the transmission of HIV. There is limited data from Nigeria, where HIV prevalent is the second-largest in the world. This study aimed to examine contraceptive use and identify factors influencing its use among sexually active WLHIV in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 443 sexually active WLHIV across three HIV treatment centers in Ibadan, Oyo State. The inclusion criteria were WLHIV, aged 18–49 years, who asserted being fecund and sexually active. An adopted questionnaire was used to collect data, and the data was analyzedusing the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Windows version 25. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05.
Results: Among sexually active WLHIV (n = 443), 73.1% used contraceptives, with 26.9% having unmet needs. The results revealed a significant association between employment status and the use of contraceptives (AOR = 2.150; 95% CI 1.279–3.612 p=0.004); accessibility to contraceptive methods and the use of contraceptives (AOR = 21.483; 95% CI 7.279–63.402 p=0.00). Also, a significant association was found between payment for service and contraceptive use (AOR = 14.343; 95% CI 2.705-76.051; p = 0.003). Previous reactions towards contraceptive use were also significantly associated with contraceptive use (AOR = 14.343; 95% CI 2.705-76.051 p = 0.003). The dual contraceptives usage rate was 30.7%.
Conclusions: Although contraceptive use among sexually active WLHIV was high, the study highlighted the need for increased adoption of dual contraceptive methods to mitigate the risk of unintended pregnancy and HIV re-infection among this population. It emphasized the importance of continuous sensitization and counseling services healthcare providers provide to promote contraceptive use among WLHIV.
Data-driven reconstruction of wind speed randomness in an urban area
Authors: Walle Otoniel , Soto María Valentina Iréndira , Saldaña Fernando , Hernández Francisco , Almaguer Francisco Javier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

This study proposes two diffusion models to analyze the wind speed variability in an urban area. The analysis is based on annual time series data collected from fourteen weather stations. A basic criterion has been suggested to categorize these stations based on the variance of the stochastic process for the stationary case. This criterion can be used in studies of air pollution, wind energy, and other related fields where the geographical classification of weather stations is not feasible. The Kramers-Moyal (KM) coefficients and kernel-based regression (KBR) have been utilized to estimate the drift and diffusion terms. The numerical solution of the proposed Langevin equation was used to calculate the statistical properties of the process, taking into account the variance values for station classification. The results show that only two Langevin models are required instead of the original fourteen, based on the variance values. This demonstrates that it is feasible to establish models using basic statistical properties of time series when geographical classification is not possible.
Hyperspectral satellite reveals an unexpected increase of global SO2 over oceans over the last two decades
Authors: Hu Qihou , Li Ziwei , Wang Xiaohan , Ye Jin , Zhu Yizhi , Zhao Ran , Liu Cheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Sulfur dioxide(SO2) is a major air pollutant over oceans, which exacerbates ecological and environmental issues like acid rain, ocean acidification, and air pollution. Over the past few decades, the robust growth of the shipping industry has led to a continuous increase in SO2 emissions by ocean-going vessels. However, the trend of global SO2 concentrations over the oceans is unclear due to rare in-situ observations at marine sites. Hyperspectral satellite remote sensing is an ideal method to obtain the spatiotemporal distribution of SO2, whereas accurately retrieving SO2 concentrations in the marine atmosphere has traditionally been challenging due to issues like high noise levels and limitations in detecting lower concentrations close to the detection limits. In this study, we retrieved global SO2 concentrations, particularly over oceans, from the space-borne Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) through a series of remote sensing algorithm optimizations from spectral calibration to retrieve. Our research revealed that the average global SO2 concentrations over lands almost unchanged although the concentrations in China and the United States decreased by 51% and 24%, respectively. Nevertheless, global SO2 concentrations over oceans increased at an annual rate of 6.1%, with an increase over the inshore regions of India of 200% from 2005 to 2018, despite a notable decrease over inshore China at an annual rate of 4.2%. Our study revealed that the increase in shipments will not necessarily lead to an increase in SO2. Under green competitiveness, SO2 per TEU over inshore China continuously decreased, which induced a great decrease in SO2 with a 214% increase in throughput.
Regioselective and enantioselective propargylic hydroxylations catalyzed by P450tol monooxygenases
Authors: Deng Xu , Song Cheng-Cheng , Gu Wen-Jing , Wang Yu-Jie , Feng Lu , Zhou Xiao-Jian , Zhou Ming-Qiang , Yuan Wei-Cheng , Chen Yongzheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Regioselective and enantioselective hydroxylation of propargylic C-H bonds are useful reactions but often lack appropriate catalysts. Here a green and efficient asymmetric hydroxylation of primary and secondary C–H bonds at propargylic positions has been established. A series of optically active propargylic alcohols were prepared with high regio- and enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) under mild reaction conditionsby using P450tol, while the C≡C bonds in the molecule remained unreacted. This protocol provides a green and practical method for constructing enantiomerically chiral propargylic alcohols. In addition, we also demonstrated that the biohydroxylation strategy was able to scaled up to 2.25 mmol scale with the production of chiral propargyl alcohol 2a at a yield of 196 mg with 96% ee, which’s an important synthetic intermediate for antifungal drug Ravuconazole.
The performance of single and combination test strategies using visual inspection, cytology, high-risk HPV DNA and HPV16/18 to screen South African women with and without HIV-infection.
Authors: Dreyer Greta , Visser Cathy , Dreyer Gerrit Jan , Botha Matthys H , Merwe Frederick H van der , Richter Karin L , Snyman Leon C 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Cervical cancer screening strategies should ideally be informed by population-specific data. Strategies recommended for secondary prevention, are often inadequately studied in populations with high cervical disease burdens. This report describes the test performance measured against CIN2+/CIN3+ histology in HIV-positive women (HPW) and HIV-negative women (HNW) with the aim to determine the most effective strategies to identify South African women at risk.
Methods
Primary screening using visual inspection, cytology and HPV DNA(cobas®) was performed in two South African provinces on 456 HPW and 639 HNW participating in the multicentric DiaVACCS trial. Histology was obtained for 91.7% screen-positive and 42.7% screen-negative participants, and unavailable histology was determined by multiple imputation to adjust for verification bias. Cross-sectional test performance was calculated for single and combination test strategies with and without intermediate risk categories using different cut-offs. Minimum acceptability for sensitivity and specificity, treatment and follow-up numbers were considered to evaluate strategies.
Results
The only single test to reach acceptability in HPW was cytology(LSIL) [sensitivity 71.2%; specificity 90.5%; treatment 33.4%]; in HNW only HPV(hr) qualified [sensitivity 68.2%; specificity 85.2%; treatment 23.5%]. The universally best performing strategy which also resulted in smaller treatment numbers without intermediate risk group was primary HPV(hr), with treatment of both HPV(16/18) and cytology(ASCUS+) [HPW: sensitivity 73.6%; specificity 89.7%; treatment 34.7%. HNW: sensitivity 59.1%; specificity 93.6%; treatment 13.9%].
DNA testing for hrHPV(any) and hrHPV(16/18) was the best universally acceptable strategy with an intermediate risk category (early follow-up) in HPW [sensitivity 82.1%; specificity 96.4%; treatment 17.1%; follow-up 31.4%] and HNW [sensitivity 68.2%; specificity 96.7%; treatment 7.6%; follow-up 15.9%]. In comparison, using both HPV(16/18) and cytology(ASCUS+) as secondary tests in hrHPV positive women, decreased follow-up [HPW 13.8%, HNW 9.6%], but increased treatment [HPW 34.7%, HNW 13.9%].
Conclusion
Using hrHPV(any) as primary and both HPV16/18 and cytology as secondary tests, was universally acceptable without an intermediate risk group. Strategies with follow-up groups improved screening performance with smaller treatment numbers, but with effective management of the intermediate risk group as prerequisite.
Advocacy through storytelling: Challenging Eating Disorders and Eating Disorders Stigma
Authors: Habibagahi Kiana , Ferrari Michel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background: Although eating disorders (EDs) are among the most stigmatised mental illnesses, a number of individuals break past this stigma and engage in ED advocacy by sharing their recovery stories. Little is known, however, about the role of such advocacy in their healing journeys.
Methods: To bridge this gap, this study examines the role of autobiographical oral storytelling in the ED recovery of adult advocates. Autobiographical oral history interviews were carried out with adult advocates (n = 16) recovering from EDs. The data were analysed using a mixture of Semiotic and Actantial analyses.
Results: Advocates chose to share their ED stories as a way to embody resilience and make meaning from their ED experiences. Beyond personal gains, the social benefits of sharing their stories included raising hope and openness to converse further with audiences, advocating for greater ED resources (e.g., ED literacy among school staff), and offering new training initiatives for healthcare professionals.
Conclusions: Engaging in advocacy through storytelling can positively affect both the advocates and the audiences with whom they connect. Future studies, informed by feminist biopsychosocial frameworks, can examine storytelling as a therapeutic intervention. Such frameworks serve as alternatives to biomedical models of EDs and mental illnesses. They also emphasise the need for broader changes that destabilise oppressive body cultures and display how storytelling can help mobilise change.
Multi-objective optimization of ternary geopolymers with multiple solid wastes using machine learning and NSGA-II
Authors: Zhang Junfei , Shang Fuying , Huo Zehui , Zhang Lei , Xue Guixiang 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The design of the mixtures of the ternary geopolymer is challenging due to the need to balance multiple objectives, including cost, strength, and carbon emissions. In order to address this multi-objective optimization (MOO) problem, machine learning models and the NSGA-II algorithm are employed in this study. To train the machine learning models, namely Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Support Vector Regressor, Extremely Randomized Tree, and Gradient Boosting Regression, 120 uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) values of ternary geopolymers with fly ash (FA), granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and steel slag (SS) as precursor materials were obtained from laboratory tests. Results show that the ternary geopolymer with the ratio of FA:GBFS:SS of 2:5:3 has the highest 28-d UCS of 46.8 MPa. The predictive accuracy of the ANN model is the highest with R = 0.949 and RMSE = 3.988MPa on the test set. Furthermore, the Shapley Additive Explanations analysis indicates that precursor materials exhibit the most significant influence on the UCS, particularly the content of GBFS. Based on the ANN model and NSGA-II algorithm, a multi-objective optimization (MOO) model is developed to optimize simultaneously the strength, cost and carbon emission of the ternary geopolymer. The derived MOO model can be used to design mixtures of other cementitious materials with multiple objectives.
Perceptions among nursing staff regarding computerization and computer use at Kenyatta National Hospital Kenya: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Musee Christine Mwikali , Sisimwo Peter Kiteywo , Mweu Judith Mutindi , Maina Philemona , Mutua Rosemary , Omulogoli Grace 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Introduction: Information and communication technology (ICT) is among the exceptional tools that have globally immensely influenced human life and health service delivery in this century. Advances in telecommunication technology in the last two decades have led to the need to adopt computerisation and computer utilization to allow vast information acquisition, storage, retrieval and sharing. Kenyatta National Hospital has invested and implemented computerisation and computer use. It is with this in mind that this study sought to assess the perception of the nurses, being the largest hands-on health workforce, and custodians of much information, in this institution.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study of qualified nurses from all departments. Data were collected using questionnaires and observation checklists. Quantitative data were analysed using statistical package for social sciences package version 22. A sample size of 291 nurses participated in the study. Chi square test of independence was used to determine any statistically significant relationship between nominal variables. A P-value <0.05 was used to determine significance.
Results: The response rate was 100 % (291), mean age of the respondents was 39.48 years and the age group 40-44 years was the majority. Majority were senior nursing officers 132 (45.4%) and most were working in pediatric department 49(16.8%). Of the respondents 258(88.7%) felt that having computers to do work was better than when computers were unavailable; 260 (90%) perceived computerization and computer use to be useful. The results were statistically significant p<0.0001. Regarding computer skills, 164 (56.4%) felt they had adequate skills while 127 (43.6%) did not and this was statistically significant p<0.034. When asked their preferred method of documentation, 241(84.9%) were documenting using computers, 28(9.9%) paper and pen while 14(5%) were not sure and the results were statistically significant p<0.0001. Regarding rating of their computer use most nurses indicated good 116(39.9%), 102(35.1%) at fair and 40(13.7%) at excellent.
Conclusion: Majority nurses felt that the use of computers to do work was better than when they were unavailable, they had positive perception and willingness to adopt the technology and majority had basic computer skills.
Visual Signatures for Music Mood and Timbre
Authors: Wang Hanqin , Sourin Alexei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Existing research on music visualization has primarily focused on creating animated visual illustrations to accompany the music being played based on fundamental attributes such as sound frequency or music structure, whereas the higher-level features, including mood and timbre, are mostly overlooked. In this paper, we propose visual signatures to describe the higher-level attributes of music, where the content and the color palette of the visual signatures are controlled by the music mood and timbre, respectively. We expect that the users with different cultural and educational backgrounds will be able to easily interpret the meaning of sound with the proposed visual signatures. In our work, we used a contrastive learning neural network for mood classification and an audio Transformer for timbre classification. The performance of the music classification models is examined by their accuracy, while multiple generated images are displayed to showcase the feasibility of visual signatures.
A quadratic optimization program for the inverse elastography problem
Authors: Barbeiro Sílvia Alexandra Alves , Henriques Rafael Oliveira , Santos José Luis Esteves dos 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work we focus on the development of a numerical algorithm for the inverse elastography problem. The goal is to perform an efficient material parameter identification knowing the elastic displacement field induced by a mechanical load. We propose to define the inverse problem through a quadratic optimization program which uses the direct problem formulation to define the objective function. In this way, we end up with a convex minimization problem which attains its minimum at the solution of a linear system. The effectiveness of our method is illustrated through numeral examples.
Based on IL-4/JNK/c-Jun pathway, the effect of Jianpi Yishentongqiao Keli on allergic rhinitis was studied
Authors: Zhao Sichao , Anni Zhang , Tong Wu , Wenrui Yan , Zhang Changxi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
objective: The objective is to investigate the mechanism of Jianpi Yishentongqiao Keli（JPYSTQKL）in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.
material and Methods : The active ingredients and target of JPYSTQKL were screened by TCMSP platform, and the target of AR disease was obtained by Gene Cards, OMIM and TTD databases. Protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed with STRING platform. DAVID online database was used for GO/KEGG enrichment analysis.The construction of the JPYSTQKL active ingredient-AR disease target network was carried out using Cytoscape 3.9.1 in order to predict potential targets. The docking between key compounds and core target genes was subsequently verified using Auto-Dock Vina. Additionally, an AR rat model was established. 56 SD rats were randomly divided into Control group (group A), Model group (group B), JPYSTQKL high-dose group (group C), JPYSTQKL medium-dose group (group D), JPYSTQKL low-dose group (group E) and blocker by SPSS SP600125 group (group F) and Loratadine group (group G) were divided into groups and evaluated by behavioral, HE pathological observation, ELISA, Immuno-histo-chemistry, WB detection and other indicators.
Result:196 active components, 96 targets and 157 pathways of JPYSTQKL were screened. KEGG enrichment analysis involved immuno-inflammatory signaling pathways. It is related to cell proliferation and apoptosis-related signaling pathways, such as MAPK signaling pathway and IL-17 signaling pathway. Molecular docking results showed that the active ingredient was closely bound to the target gene. In vivo experiment results showed as follows: The results of HE showed that the pathological changes of nasal mucosa in SP600125 and JPYSTQKL groups were significantly reduced, cilia were arranged in an orderly manner, the structure of nasal mucosa tended to be normal, congestion and edema were slight, and inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly improved. The ELISA findings indicated that the serum concentrations of IgE, SIgE, and IL-4 were notably increased in the Model group in comparison to the Control group (P < 0.01), whereas the level of IFN-γ showed a significant reduction. In comparison to the Model group, the intervention groups exhibited a decrease in the levels of IgE, SIgE and IL-4, while the level of IFN-γ showed an increase (P < 0.01). According to Western-blot Detection, the expression of JNK, c-JUN, P-JNK and P-C-Jun proteins in nasal mucosa of Model group was significantly up-regulated (P< 0.05).Compared with the Model group, the nasal mucosa proteins of rats treated with JNK, c-JUN, P-JNK, and P-C-Jun reduced significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).
Conclusion: Jianpi Yishentongqiao Keli can a exert therapeutic effect on AR rats by inhibiting the phosphorylation of IL-4/JNK/c-Jun signaling pathway protein.
Investigating the Mechanism of Astragalus in the Treatment of Periodontitis through Bioinformatics Analysis
Authors: li Ningli , feng Jixian , Jang Mingyuan , Li Yingying , Yang Mingzhen , Zhai Yuankun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background: Periodontitis, a common oral inflammatory disease which may cause premature tooth loss, was proved can be treated by Astragalus, but the detailed mechanisms are still not clear. We validated and discussed the molecular mechanism by using bioinformatics methods and cell experimental, and in order to clarify the mechanism of Astragalus during the treatment of periodontitis.
Methods:The active ingredients of Astragalus and their corresponding targets were obtained using the TCMSP database, and the periodontitis-related targets were obtained from DrugBank database, GeneCards database etc., then GO and KEGG analyses were performed based on Metascape database. Astragalus active ingredients and related targets network, Astragalus-active components-targets of periodontitis network, and Astragalus-active components- periodontitis targets-signaling pathways network were constructed by using Cytoscape3.9.0 software. Thereafter, Molecular docking and molecular dynamic simulation were analyzed in Discovery Studio 2019 software and Gromacs 2021.2 software package respectively, in order to evaluate the stability of combination between active components and core targets.
Results:17 compounds of Astragalus and 464 corresponding targets were obtained and 5 major active ingredients were screened from the drug active ingredients- periodontitis gene network. PPI network analysis revealed the top 10 core potential targets, 7 of them have suitable crystal structure and can be used for molecular docking, including interleukin-6 (IL6), tumor necrosis factor (TNF), RAC-α serine/threonine protein kinase (AKT1), interleukin-1β(IL1β), prostaglandin G/H synthase-2 (PTGS2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9), and Caspase3 (CASP3). In addition, 58 GO terms and 146 KEGG pathways were identified. 5 major active ingredients and 7 core targets which mentioned above were docked molecularly in Discovery Studio 2019 software. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that there has a stable combination between Caspase3 and Kaempferol ligand system.
Conclusions: Based on the results of network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics, it can be concluded that Astragalus has multiple active ingredients, and targets different signaling pathways to regulate the inflammatory response, immune response and oxidative stress in order to play a beneficial role in the treatment of periodontitis, especially Kaempferol can combine with Caspase3 stably to inhibit the cell apoptosis, our data provide solid evidences and enlightenment for the clinical application of Astragalus in future.