bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
„Natural”︁ killer cells in the mouse. II. Cytotoxic cells with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. Characteristics of the killer cell
Authors: Kiessling R. , Klein Eva , Pross H. , Wigzell H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal mice contain cytolytic cells with specificity for in vitro grown mouse Moloney leukemia cells. Such killer cells are most frequent in the spleens; lymph node and bone marrow contain less and thymus virtually no killer activity. Peak activity is found around one to three months of age. Spleen cells from genetically athymic mice are as active killer cells as those from normal mice of the same strain. Treatment with anti‐theta serum plus complement followed by removal of adherent and surface Ig positive cells by filtration through anti‐Ig columns will leave between 1–5 % of the original spleen cell population from a normal mouse. These cells have the morphology of small lymphocytes and perhaps contain all of the total original killer activity of the spleen against the Moloney leukemia cells. Such killer enriched cells are devoid of T and B lymphocytes and largely fail to function in antibody induced, cell‐mediated lysis against antibody‐coated chicken erythrocytes. It is concluded that the spontaneous selective cytotoxic activity of normal mouse spleen cells against Moloney leukemia cells is exerted by small lymphocytes of yet undefined nature.
Decrease in microviscosity of lymphocyte surface membrar associated with stimulation induced by concanavalin A
Authors: Inbar M. , Shinitzky M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMicroviscosity in the surface membrane lipid core of rat lymph node lymphocytes was determined by fluorescence polarization analysis of the fluorescent hydrocarbon probe 1,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐hexatriene when embedded in the membrane of intact cells, in relation to in vitro stimulation induced by concanavalin A. The apparent microviscosity in the stimulated cell population was found to be distinctively lower than in the nonstimulated cell population, based on which the membrane microviscosity of the blast cells was estimated. For each of the six experiments which were carried out the estimated microviscosity in the blast cell membranes falls between the upper and the lower limits represented by freshly drawn intact lymphocytes and leukemic cells, respectively. In accord with this observation it is suggested that a controlled reduction in the microviscosity of the surface membrane is one of the processes which take place during the stimulation of lymphocytes by antigens in vivo.
Immunological memory function of the T and B cell types: distribution over mouse spleen and lymph nodes
Authors: Romano T. J. , Mond J. J. , Thorbecke G. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSpleens from LAF1 mice injected intravenously with sheep erythrocytes (SE) are relatively rich in memory T cells early in the immune response (1 to 3 days) and rich in memory B cells as the response progresses (2 weeks or more). Marked cooperation for the secondary immune response in vitro was obtained by combining 106 spleen cells from LAF1 mice, taken 2 days after intravenous priming with SE, with 107 spleen cells from day 14 primed mice. The results indicate relative deficiencies in the spleen for B memory cells on days 1 to 2 and for T memory cells on day 14 after priming. Day – 14, but not day – 2, immune lymph node (LN) cells could replace the day – 2 spleen cells (anti‐Thy 1.2 sensitive) in the in vitro cooperation with day – 14 immune spleen cells.Immune spleen cells taken 4 to 7 days after priming contain more equivalent numbers of B and T memory cells, but 10 to 7 days after transfer of such immune spleen cells without SE into irradiated recipients the T memory cells were again more prominent in lymph node and the B memory cells in spleen as shown by in vitro cooperation studies. These results suggest that during the second week after intravenous injection of SE relatively more T than B memory cells migrate from spleen to lymph node, resulting in an imbalance in the splenic memory cell population favoring B memory cell function.
Production of migration inhibitory factor and lympl toxin by non‐T cells
Authors: Bloom B. R. , Stoner G. , Gaffney Judith , Shevach E. , Green I. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTreatment of tuberculin‐sensitive guinea pig spleen or lymph node cells with a burro anti‐T cell serum plus complement diminished markedly number of functionally detectable T cells, but did not affect the amount of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) or lymphotoxin produced by the residual T cell‐depleted populations.
Primary and secondary in vitro generation of cytolytic T lymphocytes in the murine sarcoma virus system
Authors: Plata F. , Cerottini J.‐C. , Brunner K. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCell‐mediated cytotoxic responses in vitro to surface antigens associated with murine sarcoma virus (MSV)‐induced tumors were investigated using mixed leukocyte‐tumor cell cultures (MLTC). The source of responding cells was either spleens from normal C57BL/6 mice (primary MLTC) or spleens of C57BL/6 mice carrying or having rejected a MSV‐induced tumor (secondary MLTC). Graffi virus‐induced GiL‐4 leukemia cells, Rauscher virus‐induced RBl‐5 leukemia cells, and MSV‐induced MSV‐B16 sarcoma cells were used as stimultating syngeneic tumor cells and/or target cells.Under appropriate culture conditions, cytolytic T lymphocytes (CTL) were generated in both primary and secondary MLTC. As assessed by a quantitative short‐term 51Cr release assay system, CTL activity in secondary MLTC populations was at least 10‐fold higher than that in primary MLTC populations, and 100‐fold higher than that in spleen cells taken at the peak of the in vivo response of MSV‐infected mice. The ability of spleen cells to mount a secondary CTL response in vitro could be observed as early as 5 days after virus injection, increased up to the time of maximum tumor size and persisted long after tumor regression. This suggests the development of increased numbers of CTL progenitors and/or the formation of “memory” CTL in spleens of MSV‐injected mice.
Nonspecific acid esterase activity: A criterion for differentation of T and B lymphocytes in mouse lymph nodes
Authors: Mueller J. , del Re G. Brun , Buerki H. , Keller H.‐U. , Hess M. W. , Cottier H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA modified technique was used to demonstrate lymphocytic acid α‐napth acetate esterase activity in frozen sections of mouse lymphoid tissue or smears. Positive, dot‐like reaction products were noticed in more than 94 % of the lymphocytes located in the diffuse cortical (“paracortical”, “thymus‐dependent”) area of mesenteric lymph nodes of young adult ICR mice. Almost identical values were found for lymphocytes in the cisterna chyli. In contrast, the follicular cortex, which is predominantly occupied by B cells, contained less than 7 esterase‐positive lymphocytes. In vitro, cytotoxic anti‐θ serum destroyed vast majority of esterase‐positive lymphocytes while esterase‐negative lymphocytes were resistent to this treatment. In mesenteric nodes of nude BALB/(nu/nu) mice, follicular cortex and paracortex together contained approximately 16 times less esterase‐positive lymphocytes than in the immunologically competen hybrid BALB/c (nu/+) animals. These findings indicate that non‐specific acid esterase activity may serve as a criterion to differentiate peripheral T B lymphocytes in lymphocytes in lymph node sections and smears of mice by light microscopy Possible implications of this enzyme activity in thymus‐derived lymphocytes are discussed.
Analysis in deoxycholate of three antigenic specificities associated with the rat Thy‐1 molecule
Authors: Morris R. J. , Letarte‐Muirhead Michelle , Williams A. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThree antigens similar in tissue distribution can be identified on rat thymocytes; the Thy‐1.1 antigen, a rat specific xenoantigen, and a rat‐mouse cross‐reacting xenoantigen. To determine if these three antigens were on the same molecule their behavior in detergent‐solubilized extracts from thymocytes was studied. Membrane fragments containing Thy‐1.1 activity were prepared by a rapid method involving the use of Tween‐40 detergent, and were solubilized in deoxycholate. The 150 000 × g supernatant from this extract contained aproximately 50 % of the original Thy‐1.1 and xenoantigen activity. The supernatant was chromatographed on Sephadex G‐200, and subjected to zone sedimentation on sucrose gradients in H2O and 2H2O to determine the hydrodynamic properties of the antigens. The three antigens migrated in identical fashion in all cases, and behaved as a molecule of 28 000 daltons molecular weight. When the antigenically active fraction, recovered after chromatography on Sephadex G‐200, was passed through an immunoabsorbent consisting of rabbit antibody to one of the xenoantigens, all three antigens were equally depleted compared with passage through a control column.The results of these experiments suggested that Thy‐1.1 antigen and the two xenoantigens were closely associated and most probably all on the Thy‐1 molecule.
Studies on the effect of various agents on the maturation of thymus stem cells
Authors: Singh U. , Owen J. J. T. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExperiments were carried out on 14‐day fetal mouse thymic stem cells which were treated with agents known to increase cellular cAMP levels for a period of 90 min at 37 °C. When compared to controls, a high proportion of treated stem cells were found to develop Thy‐1 (θ) antigen as indicated by dye exclusion tests using anti‐Thy‐1 serum and complement.
Regulation of the immune response by subclasses of T lymphocytes. I. Interactions between pre‐killer T cells and regulatory T cells obtained from peripheral lymphoid tissues of mice
Authors: Cantor H , Simpson Elizabeth 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe generation of killer cells to alloantigens in vitro depends upon an interaction between two subclasses of peripheral T cells: “pre‐killer” T cells and “regulatory” T cells.The pre‐killer T cell, found in highest concentrations in peripheral lymph nodes of mice, is sensitive in vivo to the administration of small doses of anti‐thymocyte serum (ATS) and is depleted in vitro by treatment with (a) anti‐Thy‐1.2 + C, (b) low doses (600 r) of x‐irradiation. Specificity of pre‐killer cells is supported by adsorption of pre‐killer activity on appropriate allogeneic monolyers and by the specific absence of this activity from lymphoid tissues of mice rendered tolerant in neonatal life.Although T cells remaining in the spleen 2 days after a small dose of ATS (SPA−T) did not generate killer cells, this subset exerted substantial regulatory effects upon the generation of killer activity by pre‐killer T cells. The addition of this population of regulatory T cells to small numbers of lymph node T cells (LN‐T) resulted in substantial enhancement in the generationof killer cells from the LN‐T pre‐killers. The addition ofSPA−T to larger numbers of LN‐T (which produce strong responses alone), failed to enhance the response, and insome cases resulted in significant suppression which could not easily beaccounted for by alteration in cell numbers in culture. Although amplifier activity was relatively radioresistant, “suppressor” activity was sensitive to relatively small doses of irradiation. The significance of this T‐T interaction is discussed.
A network theory of the immune system
Authors: Richter P. H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe face that every antibody also had antigenic properties leads to the existence of a functional network of interacting antibodies and lymphocytes in the immune system. With a minimum set of assumptions about thenature of these interactions some of the principal features of the immune response such as normal primary and secondary response, low and highzone tolerance induction, and memory can be reproduced. The low zone tolerance phenomenon plays a central role in our theory, as it is the simplest nontrivial mode of response to an antigenic stimulus. It may be understood as the defeat of the stimulated lymphocyte species against their internal adversaries. The normal response and high zone tolerance induction may be characterized as low zone tolerance on a second and third level of a hierarchy of lymphocyte populations. In particular, the weakness of the primary response in explained in terms of internal struggles whichlead to a final suppression of the aggressors, thereby opening the way for an unhindered secondary response.
Analysis of antibody populations to oligo‐D‐alanine. VIII. Sequential studies on properties of antibody subpopulations: rate constant, affinity, and isoelectric focusing spectrum
Authors: Weiler Ivan Jeanne , Bosma G , Dittrich B , Weiler E 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAllotypically marked antisera to the hapten oligo‐D‐alanine were studied over periods up to 10 months in individual mice and in serial transfers of both nonimmune and memory cells to irradiated recipients. Parameters observed were divalent association rate constants, affinity and autoradiography of isoelectric focusing (IEF) spectra.The two allotypic subpopulations of heterozygous mice are shown to be independent with respect to affinity. Association rate constant, affinity, and IEF spectra of the antibody populations remain largely stable in most mice over prolonged periods. There is an occasional isolated dramatic change in a single property of one allotypic subpopulation; this may be in the direction of either lower or higher rate constant or affinity.While different recipients of naive spleen cells from a single donor, when immunized, differ one from the other in the measured antibody properties, the characteristics now established in each recipient persist in a lineage of transferred memory cells up to 4 generations, with infrequent changes in isolated properties of only one allotypic subpopulation. The limited changes observed would be in agreement with a model of moderate somatic variability superimposed on a small spectrum of germ line genes.
Antibody production to lipopolysaccharide in thymectomized Xenopus
Authors: Collie Madeleine H. , Turner R. J. , Manning Margaret J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractXenopus toadlets, some of which had been thymectomized as larvae, were immunized with E. coli lipopolysaccharide. Antibody titers were similar in thymectomized and intact toadlets. Antibody was exclusively IgM. The results suggest that a division into thymus‐dependent and thymus‐independent antibody responses extends at least as far back in phylogeny as the amphibians.
A simple rosette assay for demonstration of complement receptor sites using complement‐coated zymosan beads
Authors: Huber CH , Wigzell H 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn the present article we describe a simple rosette assay for detection of C3 receptor‐bearing B lymphocytes with complement (C)‐coated zymosan (Zy) beads. Zy coated with murine or human C bound to a distinct population of human and mouse lymphocytes as well as to the majority of lymphoblastoid cells of several human established cell lines. Rosette formation was also observed with human red blood cells, with human monocytes and neutrophils. Experiments with anti‐immunoglobulin sera, with other B and T cell markers and with mouse thymocytes proved that the capacity to bind C‐coated Zy is primarily a feature of B lymphocytes. The following findings suggested that C‐coated Zy is bound via receptor sites for the activated components of C3: (a) Zy coated with C3‐deficient serum failed to bind, (b) comparable percentages of various lymphoid and nonlymphoid cells formed rosettes with C‐coated Zy as well as with antibody and C‐coated sheep red bloodcells, and (c) antibodies against human or murine C3 inhibited the binding of C‐coated Zy.
Suppression of immune response to sheep red blood cells in mice treated with preparations of a tumor cell component and in tumor‐bearing mice
Authors: Pikovski Mary A. , Ziffroni‐Gallon Y. , Witz I. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe frequency of rosette‐forming cells (RFC) in spleens of mice immunized with sheep red blood cells (SRBC) was significantly reduced by pretreatment with preparations obtained from tumor extracts. This effect was not produced by preparations obtained by similar methods from normal tissue extracts. Significant suppression of RFC frequency was also found in spleens of mice immunized with SRBC at late stages of tumor growth, as compared to that in immunized controls and in mice bearing tumors at early stages.The results suggest that at late stages, a tumor cell component is released by tumor cells which may be similar to the nondialyzable immune suppressive factor(s) separated by us from tumor extracts, factors found in ascites fluid of tumor‐bearing mice and those known to be released from tumor cells in vitro.
Graft‐versus‐host reaction induced by Peyer's patches
Authors: Eloy Rosy , Vuitton D. , Vaultier J.‐P. , Grenier J. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractParental Peyer's patches were implanted into the anterior hepatic lobe of F1 hybrid rats. Using conventional histological techniques, phenomena typical of a graft‐versus‐host reaction were observed, such as paravascular lymphoid infiltration in the liver, cellular depletion of the thymus‐dependent areas of spleen, and diffuse reticuloendothelial cell proliferation in various lymphoid tissues. Based on these findings and other observations it is concluded that a thymus‐dependent cell population is present in the Peyer's patches.
A human lymphoid cell line with an IgG‐like membrane component
Authors: Nilsson K. , Ghetie V. , Sjöquist J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA human lymphoid cell line (S95) with surface‐located IgG is described. The line was derived from a patient with Hodgkin's disease and is aneuploid. Its characterstics are suggestive of a malignant B lymphocyte derivation, but no ultimate proof of malignancy can be forwarded. The line produces immunoglobulin (IgG) which appears to be devoid of light chain. The amount of IgG detectable at the cell surface by inhibition of the rosette formation by protein A‐coated sheep red blood cells with protein A was 5–10 ng/106 cells corresponding to 70 000 – 140 000 molecules/cell. The immunoglobulin is membrane bound. Partial characterization of the IgG‐like protein shows that it has a molecular weight of 50 000 Daltons and that the molecule lacks some of the normal γ‐chain determinants.
The nature of active and passive thyroglobulin binding lymphoid cells in Obese strain (OS) chickens
Authors: Richter E. , Wick G. , Schauenstein K. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThyroglobulin‐binding lymphoid cells were identified in the spleen of Obese strain (OS) chickens by their capacity to form rosettes with thyroglobulin‐coated chicken red blood cells. The nature of these cells was studied in inhibition experiments using turkey anti‐chicken bursa or thymus cell sera and rabbit antisera specific for chicken Ig, γ, μ, α, Fabγ or Fcγ. Spleen cells actively synthesizing surface receptors for thyroglobulin were identified as B cells and the receptors found to be complete IgM molecules. Normal T cells became thyroglobulin‐rosette‐forming cells via passive adsorption of thyroglobulin antibodies, a phenomenon which could be inhibited competitively by the addition of normal chicken serum to the incubation medium. Thyroglobulin antibodies passively adsorbed onto the surface of normal T cells also belong to the IgM class as verified both by inhibition experiments and studies employing IgM and IgG fractions of a high titered OS serum for the preincubation of the cell suspension. Only preincubation with the IgM fraction of the anti‐thyroglobulin antibodies resulted in the formation of significant numbers of passive rosette‐forming cells.
Expression of a receptor for IgM by human T cells in vitro
Authors: Moretta L. , Ferrarini M. , Durante Maria Laura , Mingari Maria Cristina 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe capacity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) to bind antigen‐IgG antibody (EA(IgG)) and antigen‐IgM antibody (EA(IgM)) complexes was investigated using a rosette technique with ox erythrocytes coated with rabbit IgG or IgM antibody. It was found that while EA(IgG)‐rosette‐forming cells (RFC) were detected on PBL freshly drawn from normal individuals, EA(IgM)‐RFC were present only in suspensions kept in culture for 24 h in mediá supplemented with sera containing very low or no amounts of IgM. Experiments of simultaneous detection of EA(IgG)‐RFC or EA(IgM)‐RFC and other membrane markers for human T or B cells together with experiments on purified T or B cell populations indicated that EA(IgG)‐RFC were formed by both T and B cells, while T cells only were capable of EA(IgM) rosette formation.The specificity of the receptors for IgG and IgM was determined by studying the inhibitory capacity of purified human IgM and IgG in the rosette assay. The receptor for IgG was inhibited by IgG and not by IgM, while the reverse was true for the receptor for IgM.
The role of thymus on autosensitization against syngeneic normal and malignant cells
Authors: Carnaud C. , Ilfeld D. , Petranyi G. , Klein Eva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMouse lymphocytes were exposed to syngeneic fibroblasts and tumor cells in Millipore chambers inserted into the peritoneal cavity of intact and thymectomized mice. Autosensitization to fibroblasts occured only if the chambers were carried by thymectomized mice. Sensitization to tumor‐specific antigens also took place in intact mice. If thymic extract was administered to thymectomized mice autosensitization in the chambers was inhibited.
Antibody‐dependent human lymphocytotoxicity: a micro assay system
Authors: Zeijlemaker W. P. , Roos M. Th. L. , Schellekens P. Th. A. , Eijsvoogel V. P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA micro assay system is described for measuring antibody‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity with human effector cells. The target cells were mouse mastocytoma cells sensitized with rabbit antibody. The tests were performed in microtiter plates, each well containing 5 × 103 51Cr‐labeled target cells, together with varying numbers of effector cells. Whereas highly purified lymphocyte suspensions induced lysis, purified monocyte and granulocyte suspensions had virtually no effect.In parallel experiments it was shown that the latter cell suspensions were very active in lysing sensitized human erythrocytes, which in turn were not lysed by purified lymphocytes.Finally, it was shown that the lytic capacity of lymphocytes was not affected by preservation of the cells at liquid nitrogen temperature. It is concluded that the system described can be used for the clinical analysis of antibody‐dependent lymphocytotoxicity in lymphocyte suspensions.
Participation of immunoglobulin‐bearing lymphocytes in the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor
Authors: Pick E. , Godny Y. , Gold E. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe role of immunoglobulin‐bearing cells in the production of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) by tuberculin‐stimulated lymphocytes of guinea pigs, immunized with complete Freund's adjuvant, was studied. It was found that: (1) pretreatment of lymphocytes with rabbit anti‐guinea pig IgG (anti‐IgG) does not block antigen‐induced MIF production. (2) Passage of lymphocytes through double layer IgG‐anti‐IgG gelatin bead columns (the preparation of which is described) abolishes MIF formation by the eluted cells. Cells retained on the columns can be recovered and where shown to produce MIF, when stimulated by antigen. (3) Pulsing of lymphocytes with anti‐IgG, for 2 h at 37°C, results in MIF synthesis by the cells cultured in medium, in the absence of specific antigen. These findings indicate that cells bearing Ig or Ig fragments are either able to secrete MIF themselves, upon stimulation with antigen or anti‐IgG, or are required for MIF production by a different cell type.