bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
For Reasoned Faith or Embattled Creed? Religion for the People in Early Modern Europe
Authors: Cameron Euan 
Published: March 2007

There has long been some measure of agreement that European people in the middle ages adhered to a form of Christianity which was ‘folklorised’, ‘enchanted’, or ‘magical’. Interwoven with the traditional creeds and the orthodox liturgy were numerous beliefs and practices which were intended to ensure spiritual and bodily welfare, and guard against misfortune. To the endless frustration of theologians, ‘religion’ and ‘superstition’ stubbornly refused to remain clearly separate, despite the intellectual effort expended in forcing them into different compartments. ‘Superstitious’ rites or beliefs repeatedly intersected with the official Catholic cult. It was believed that if a talisman were placed under an altar-cloth during mass, it would acquire spiritual potency. Orthodox prayers were constantly adapted to serve the needs of popular magic. Clergy, let alone layfolk, found the line between acceptable and superstitious practice difficult to draw. For a graphic illustration of this problem, one need only look at the following recipe for curing a hailstorm caused by sorcery:But against hailstones and storms, besides those things said earlier about raising the sign of the cross, this remedy may be used: three little hailstones are thrown into the fire with the invocation of the most Holy Trinity; the Lord's Prayer with the Angelic Salutation is added twice or three times, and the Gospel of St John, ‘In the beginning was the word’, while the sign of the cross is made against the storm from all quarters, before and behind, and from every part of the earth. And then, when at the end one repeats three times, ‘the Word was made flesh’, and says three times after that, ‘by these Gospels uttered, may that tempest flee’, then suddenly, so long as the storm was caused to happen by sorcery, it will cease.
Relation between childhood peer victimization and adult perfectionism: are victims of indirect aggression more perfectionistic?
Authors: Miller Jessie L. , Vaillancourt Tracy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing two independent samples and two different measures of perfectionism, this study investigated the hypothesized relation between retrospective accounts of perceived peer‐inflicted emotional abuse during childhood and perfectionism in adulthood. Emotional victimization (‘indirect’ aggression) is characterized by behavior in which mental harm is inflicted on victims through exclusionary acts, gossiping, and rumor spreading.Study one:Self‐reported questionnaires of indirect victimization [DIAS; Bjorkqvist, Lagerspetz, and Osterman, 1992] and perfectionism [multidimensional perfectionism scale; Hewitt and Flett, 1991] were administered to 162 (mean age=20.14 years) female undergraduate psychology students. Results support the predicted positive relationship between recalled indirect peer victimization and current socially prescribed/self‐oriented perfectionism.Study two:self‐reports of indirect peer victimization and perfectionism (eating disorder inventory‐perfectionism) were collected from 196 (mean age=19.5 years) female undergraduate students. Again, recalled indirect peer victimization was a statistically significant predictor of current socially prescribed/self‐oriented perfectionism whereas recalled direct (physical, verbal) peer victimization held no relation. Discussion addresses the implications of these results, which hold importance for both the bullying and perfectionism literatures. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–12, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss; Inc.
Adolescent psychopathy features: 6‐Year temporal stability and the prediction of externalizing symptoms during the transition to adulthood
Authors: Loney Bryan R. , Taylor Jeanette , Butler Melanie A. , Iacono William G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the 6‐year stability and predictive validity of adolescent psychopathy features during the transition to young adulthood. It represents one of the longest outcome studies of youth psychopathy to date, and therefore addresses a primary criticism of the research area (i.e., lack of demonstrated associations between child and adult psychopathy features). Recruited participants were 475 males enrolled in the Minnesota Twin and Family Study who had completed a research‐based measure of psychopathy features consisting of separate emotional detachment (or affective) and antisocial tendencies (or behavioral) subscales. These psychopathy features and various externalizing symptoms (i.e., conduct problems, impulsivity, and substance use disorder) were assessed through rating scales and structured diagnostic interview at an intake assessment (ages 16–18) and 6‐year follow‐up. Consistent with prediction, adolescent psychopathy features displayed moderate stability across the transition from adolescence to adulthood [intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) = 0.40–0.41]. The antisocial tendencies subscale was uniquely related to most externalizing symptoms both in adolescence and in adulthood, whereas the emotional detachment subscale showed appropriate discriminant validity in its lack of association with externalizing symptoms. These findings suggest that psychopathy features are relatively stable from adolescence to adulthood and provide possible insights into the development and maintenance of externalizing difficulties during the adult transition. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–11, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Role of motivation to respond to provocation, the social environment, and trait aggression in alcohol‐related aggression
Authors: Tremblay Paul F. , Mihic Ljiljana , Graham Kathryn , Jelley Jennifer 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLittle attention has been paid to the motivation to respond to provocation and to the interaction between this motivation, alcohol, the drinking environment, and individual characteristics. Undergraduates at six Canadian universities (N = 1,232) read three vignettes describing conflict situations with social environmental manipulations while imagining themselves as either sober or intoxicated. Self‐ratings assessed likelihood of assertive and aggressive responses and motivational indices of anger, offensiveness of the instigator's actions, and importance to respond to the provocation. Respondents also completed a measure of trait aggression. Multi‐group structural equation models supported the hypothesis that perceived likelihood of reactive aggression is influenced by perceived alcohol intoxication, gender, trait aggression, social environmental factors, and motivation to respond to the provocation. In addition, a number of interactions were found among the predictors. These results provide insight into the types of factors that may influence aggression in drinking situations. Aggr. Behav. 33:389–411, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The importance of narcissism in predicting proactive and reactive aggression in moderately to highly aggressive children
Authors: Barry Tammy D. , Thompson Alice , Barry Christopher T. , Lochman John E. , Adler Kristy , Hill Kwoneathia 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe present study examined the importance of psychopathy‐linked narcissism in predicting proactive and reactive aggression and conduct problems in a group of 160 moderately to highly aggressive children (mean age of 10 years, 9 months). Children's self‐report of self‐esteem and parent and teacher report of dimensions of psychopathy [narcissism, callous–unemotional (CU) traits, and impulsivity], proactive and reactive aggression, and conduct problems were collected. Composites of parent and teacher ratings of children's behavior were used. Consistent with the study's hypotheses, narcissism predicted unique variance in both proactive and reactive aggression, even when controlling for other dimensions of psychopathy, demographic variables associated with narcissism, and the alternative subtype of aggression. As hypothesized, impulsivity was significantly associated with only reactive aggression. CU traits were not related to proactive or reactive aggression once the control variables were entered. All dimensions of psychopathy predicted unique variance in conduct problems. Consistent with prediction, narcissism was not significantly related to general self‐esteem, providing support that narcissism and self‐esteem are different constructs. Furthermore, narcissism and self‐esteem related differentially to proactive aggression, reactive aggression, and conduct problems. Furthermore, narcissism but not self‐esteem accounted for unique variance in aggression and conduct problems. The importance of narcissism in the prediction of aggressive behaviors and clinical implications are discussed. Aggr. Behav. 33:1–13, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss; Inc.
Magnetische Molekülverbindungen: Schaltung magnetischer Eigenschaften durch externe Stimuli
Authors: Sato Osamu , Tao Jun , Zhang Yuan‐Zhu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMan kennt eine Vielzahl magnetischer Materialien, deren magnetische Eigenschaften durch externe Stimuli geschaltet werden können. Das Hauptaugenmerk liegt auf der thermischen, photochemischen, elektrochemischen und chemischen Steuerung von Phasenübergängen, die mit einem Wechsel der Magnetisierung einhergehen. Die Bandbreite der beschriebenen Spezies reicht von Metallkomplexen über rein organische Verbindungen bis zu Kompositmaterialien, wobei der Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes auf den Eigenschaften von valenztautomeren Verbindungen, molekularen Magneten und Spin‐Crossover‐Komplexen liegt, für die Anwendungen als Speichermedien oder optische Schalter in Aussicht stehen.
N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes as Organocatalysts
Authors: Marion Nicolas , Díez‐González Silvia , Nolan Steven P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOrganocatalyzed reactions represent an attractive alternative to metal‐catalyzed processes notably because of their lower cost and benign environmental impact in comparison to organometallic catalysis. In this context, N‐heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have been studied for their ability to promote primarily the benzoin condensation. Lately, dramatic progress in understanding their intrinsic properties and in their synthesis have made them available to organic chemists. This has resulted in a tremendous increase of their scope and in a true explosion of the number of papers reporting NHC‐catalyzed reactions. Here, we highlight the ever‐increasing number of reactions that can be promoted by N‐heterocyclic carbenes.
Synthesis and characterization of core‐shell particles containing a perfluoroacrylate copolymer rich in the shell
Authors: Tingting Yang , Hui Peng , Shiyuan Cheng , Jun Park In 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simple synthetic method for preparing the core‐shell latex particles containing fluorinated shell was presented. Polymerization was achieved by a low‐sheer monomer‐starved emulsion polymerization process, thus facilitating mobility and subsequent polymerization of perfluoroacrylate (FA) along with methyl methacrylate (MMA) and n‐butyl acrylate (nBA) monomers. The structure and thermal behavior of the resulting perfluoroacrylate copolymer were investigated by FTIR, NMR, and DSC. Furthermore, PCS, TEM as well as SFM, were carried out to characterize the surface morphology of the particles. These studies illustrated that the incorporation of FA into MMA/nBA particle morphologies facilitated surface phase separation during coalescence, resulted in F‐containing film‐air interfaces. Thus, surface properties with a significant increase in the contact angles could be produced. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Synthesis and characterization of new reducing agent based on methylmethacrylate‐vinylpyridene copolymer–clay nanocomposites
Authors: Salahuddin Nehal 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMethylmethacrylate (MMA)‐vinylpyridine (VP) copolymer‐montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared, by direct interaction of sodium montmorillonite with various copolymers of MMA‐VP, using different ratios of VP. The interaction occurred through ion exchange between sodium cations in MMT and pyridinium ions in the copolymers. The resulting composites were reacted with lithium aluminum hydride forming the supported reagents. The structure of the resulting composites, as determined by elemental analysis, Infrared spectroscopy, and X‐ray diffraction, consisted of the insertions of MMA‐VP macromolecules between lamellar layers. Because of cooperative formation of electrostatic bonding the copolymers were strongly fixed to the inorganic surfaces. The absence of observable transition in the thermogram, using differential scanning calorimetry, confirmed the copolymer sandwiching between the inorganic layers. The thermal stability of nanocomposites was investigated by thermogravimetry analysis. The dispersion of the MMT particles in the polymer matrix was confirmed using scanning electron microscopy. The effectiveness of these materials has been examined in the reduction of potassium ferricyanide. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Thermal degradation kinetics of poly(imide‐silica) hybrid films. I. Nanocomposites prepared from HFPA and bis(4‐amino phenyl) ether by sol–gel process
Authors: Foroutan M. , Khoee S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDegradation kinetics of poly(imide‐silica) hybrid films based on 4‐4′‐(hexafluro isopropylidene) bis(phthallic anhydride) and bis(4‐aminophenyl) ether were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis TGA and DTG. The results indicated that the presence of inorganic content influence the mechanism of degradation of organic phase. Energy of activation of degradation for the hybrids with varying inorganic content was determined by the Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa, pseudo first‐order, van Krevelen methods. Although the values of Ea calculated by using various methods are different, there is a similar change trend of Ea between those methods. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Fly‐ash particles and precipitated silica as fillers in rubbers. II. Effects of silica content and Si69‐treatment in natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber vulcanizates
Authors: Sombatsompop N. , Wimolmala E. , Markpin T. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis article explored the possibility of using silica from fly‐ash particles as reinforcement in natural rubber/styrene–butadiene rubber (NR/SBR) vulcanizates. For a given silica content, the NR : SBR blend ratio of 1 : 1 (or 50 : 50 phr) exhibited the optimum mechanical properties for fly‐ash filled NR/SBR blend system. When using untreated silica from fly‐ash, the cure time and mechanical properties of the NR/SBR vulcanizates decreased with increasing silica content. The improvement of the mechanical properties was achieved by addition of Si69, the recommended dosage being 2.0 wt % of silica content. The optimum tensile strength of the silica filled NR/SBR vulcanizates was peaked at 10–20 phr silica contents. Most mechanical properties increased with thermal ageing. The addition of silica from fly‐ash in the NR/SBR vulcanizates was found to improve the elastic behavior, including compression set and resilience, as compared with that of commercial precipitated silica. Taking mechanical properties into account, the recommended dosage for the silica (FASi) content was 20 phr. For more effective reinforcement, the silica from fly‐ash particles had to be chemically treated with 2.0 wt % Si69. It was convincing that silica from fly‐ash particles could be used to replace commercial silica as reinforcement in NR/SBR vulcanizates for cost‐saving and environment benefits. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
New investigation of 1‐substituted imidazole derivatives as thermal latent catalysts for epoxy‐phenolic resins
Authors: Wong Fung Fuh , Chen Kun‐Lung , Lin Chun Min , Yeh Mou‐Yung 
Published: March 2007

AbstractNovel 1‐substituted imidazole derivatives (4–10) were synthesized by imidazole and the corresponding substituted reagents (chloromethylpivalate, diphenylphosphinicchloride, di‐tert‐butyldicarbonate, 1,1′‐oxalylchloride, pyrazine, phneylisocyanat, and p‐toluensulfonylchloride). Polymerization of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) with 1‐substituted imidazole derivatives, two commercial available catalysts (imidazole and 1‐cyanoethyl‐2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole) and N‐benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate were investigated as model reactions of epoxy resin systems with respect to the thermal latency and storage stability of the catalysts. The catalytic activity of 1‐substituted imidazole derivatives 4–10 depended on the steric and withdrawing electronic effect of the substitution groups. To characterize the cure activation energy and the viscosity‐storage time, the order of thermally latent activity is 1‐tosylimidazole (6) > 1,1′‐oxalyldiimidazole (8) > N‐benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH, 3) > 1‐tritylimidazole (9) > N‐phenyl‐imidazole‐1‐carboxamide (5) > 3‐(diphenylphosphinoyl)imidazole (7) > tert‐butyl‐1H‐imidazole‐1‐carboxylate (4) > 1‐cyanoethyl‐2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole (2E4MZ, 2) > 1‐[(pivalyloxy)methyl]imidazol (10) > imidazole (1). In comparison with commercially available catalysts imidazole (1) and 1‐cyanoethyl‐2‐ethyl‐4‐methylimidazole (2) and a cationic latent catalyst N‐benzylpyrazinium hexafluoroantimonate (BPH, 3) as the standard compounds, in addition to 1‐[(pivalyloxy)methyl]imidazole (10), the 1‐substituted imidazole derivatives (4–9) revealed better thermal latency. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Molecular evidence for the presence of chlamydia in the synovium of patients with reiter's syndrome
Authors: Rahman Mahboob U. , Cheema M. Akhtar , Schumacher H. Ralph , Hudson Alan P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. There is much evidence indicating that chlamydial antigens in the synovium may be critical in the pathogenesis of Reiter's syndrome (RS), but it is not known whether intact organisms are present in that tissue in any stage of the disease. The present study was undertaken to begin to address this question.Methods. We used a highly specific and sensitive molecular hybridization screening system which detects chlamydial RNA, to examine synovial biopsy samples from 22 patients with various arthropathies, including 9 with RS.Results. Seven of the 9 RS patients were positive for chlamydial RNA, while 3 of the 13 non‐RS patients were also positive; positive results in the non‐RS patients probably indicate the actual presence of the organism, since these patients had arthritis that was otherwise incompletely explained.Conclusion. The detection of chlamydial RNA, in combination with previous findings of chlamydia‐like particles and/or chlamydial antigens in the synovium of RS patients, suggests that whole bacterial cells are present in that tissue.
Corticosteroid injection of the sacroiliac joint in patients with seronegative spondylarthropathy
Authors: Maugars Yves , Mathis Christine , Vilon Philippe , Prost Alain 
Published: March 2007

AbstractObjective. We report our experience with the use of corticosteroid injections into the sacroiliac joint in the treatment of patients with seronegative spondylarthropathy.Methods. We performed 42 injections, constituting 24 procedures in 22 patients (2 patients had the procedure performed twice).Results. The response was considered very good or good in 19 of 24 procedures (79.2%) and 34 of 42 joints (81%). Improvement persisted in 14 patients after a mean ± SD followup time of 9.6 ± 4.2 months.Conclusion. This technique appears to be safe, easy to apply into ambulatory patients, and quite effective.
Four‐helix bundle cavitein reveals middle leucine as linchpin
Authors: Freeman Jon O. , Wallhorn Diana , Sherman John C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA template‐assembled de novo four‐helix bundle is used to examine the hydrophobic effect within the bundle interior. Leu to Ala variants of the basis sequence GG‐EELLKKLEELLKKG were characterized by GuHCl denaturation, NMR dispersion, and N‐H/D exchange experiments. The results show that the middle leucine (L7) is imperative in maintaining bundle stability. The average leucine was found to contribute 1.8 kcal mol−1 toward stability, whereas the middle leucines contribute 2.7 kcal mol−1 each. Substituting alanine into the middle position (7) constitutes a striking 95% reduction of the overall cavitein stability. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 88: 725–732, 2007.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Cimetidine or vagotomy? Comparison of the effects of proximal gastric vagotomy, cimetidine and placebo on nocturnal intragastric acidity and acid secretion in patients with cimetidine resistant duodenal ulcer
Authors: Gledhill T , Buck Maxine , Paul Angela , Hunt R H 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Nocturnal pH, acid output and volume of gastric secretion have been measured in a group of patients who were referred for surgery because of a poor clinical response to cimetidine. Patients were studied after no treatment, cimetidine 1 g/day and proximal gastric vagotomy. Although pH and acid output were controlled better with cimetidine than no treatment this was not true for volume of secretion. Vagotomy was significantly better than cimetidine in controlling pH, acid output and volume of gastric secretion. The results suggest that cimetidine non-responders should have a good result from proximal gastric vagotomy, making more radical forms of gastric surgery unnecessary.
Mortality after surgery for hypopharyngeal cancer
Authors: Stell P M , Missotten F , Singh S D , Ramadan M F , Morton R P 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResults of 362 patients with squamous carcinoma of the hypopharynx are presented. The hospital mortality was 25 per cent for patients treated surgically. The mortality was increased by previous radiotherapy and poor general condition, and also depended on the method of pharyngeal repair: the mortality for visceral (stomach or colon) transposition was higher than that for repair by skin flaps. The chance of long term survival decreased with increasing N stage, and was also reduced for patients undergoing visceral repair compared with skin flap repair of the pharynx.
A survey of postoperative function after rectal anastomosis with circular stapling devices
Authors: McDonald P J , Heald R J 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Seventy-five patients, who had previously undergone anterior resection or sigmoid colectomy using a circular stapling device, were interviewed and examined. Their postoperative bowel, sexual and bladder function was noted. 22 patients had anastomoses more than 10 cm from the anal verge (Group A); 32 between 5–10 cm (Group B); 21 below 5 cm (Group C). The lower anastomoses were associated with less perfect function but only 2 patients were incontinent. Some impairment of sexual function was noted in one-third of patients in Group B and one half of patients in Group C. Changes in bladder function were rare.
Coeliac plexus block for pain in pancreatic cancer and chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Leung J W C , Bowen-Wright M , Aveling W , Shorvon P J , Cotton P B 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We have performed coeliac plexus block by standard percutaneous technique for disabling pain in 36 patients (13 with cancer and 23 with chronic pancreatitis). Eleven of the 13 cancer patients had complete pain relief initially and 7 remained pain free at the time of death. By contrast, only 12 of the 23 patients with pancreatitis had complete pain relief, 6 had partial relief and there was no effect in 5. The mean pain-free period in the chronic pancreatitis patients was only 2 months, and the longest 4 months. Benefit was least in patients with previous pancreatic surgery and repeat blocks were unhelpful. Transient postural hypotension occurred in most patients; two had nerve root pain and one developed persistent weakness and anaesthesia of the left leg, with bladder disturbance. These results warrant the continuing use of coeliac plexus block in pancreatic cancer, but rarely in chronic pancreatitis.