bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Post‐traumatic morbidity in a civilian community of litigants: A follow‐up at 3 years
Authors: Scott Richard B. , Brooks Neil , Mckinlay William 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper examines post‐traumatic morbidity in a community sample who had claimed compensation and been assessed 10–14 months after the Lockerbie Disaster. At 36 months 25 residents were reassessed by clinical interview and 35 by questionnaire. A chronic pattern of morbidity was found in 56% of this sample with the most frequent diagnoses being post traumatic stress disorder and depression, followed by other anxiety disorders. Only six cases were found to have “recovered” and there was only one case of delayed onset morbidity between 12 and 36 months. No unequivocal predictors of the presence of diagnosis or questionnaire scores were found.
The kings cross fire: Psychological reactions
Authors: Turner Stuart W. , Thompson James , Rosser Rachel M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe psychological reactions of 50 survivors of the King's Cross fire, which hit London's underground railway system on the 18th day of November 1987, are described. Results are presented for the Impact of Event scale, the General Health Questionnaire (28‐item version), the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire and a King's Cross Event Schedule. These are investigated in relation to (a) validity measures, (b) relationships between exposure and personality, and (c) spontaneous de‐briefing. Two thirds of the sample had significant levels of psychological distress (meeting the “caseness” criterion on the GHQ). Both personality (neuroticism and L‐scale) and degree of trauma exposure were related to subsequent reaction. Spontaneous debriefing was associated with subjective benefit. Transportation disasters present particular problems in relation to research and service delivery.
Smoking in Vietnam combat veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder
Authors: Beckham Jean C. , Roodman Allison A. , Shipley Robert H. , Hertzberg Michael A. , Cunha Garry H. , Kudler Harold S. , Levin Edward D. , Rose Jed E. , Fairbank John A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe present study investigated smoking prevalence, smoking motives, demographic variables and psychological symptoms in 124 help‐seeking, male Vietnam combat veterans with post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A high percentage of these veterans smoked (60%). Vietnam veterans with PTSD who smoked were more likely than those who did not smoke to report higher levels of PTSD symptoms, depression and trait anxiety. Increased depression was associated with increased automatic smoking. Smokers reported a high frequency of smoking in response to military memories. Implications for smoking interventions, cessation, and relapse prevention efforts are discussed.
Dissociation and the fragmentary nature of traumatic memories: Overview and exploratory study
Authors: van Der Kolk Bessel A. , Fisler Rita 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSince trauma arises from an inescapable stressful event that overwhelms people's coping mechanisms, it is uncertain to what degree the results of laboratory studies of ordinary events are relevant to the understanding of traumatic memories. This paper reviews the literature on differences between recollections of stressful and of traumatic events. It then reviews the evidence implicating dissociation as the central pathogenic mechanism that gives rise to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A systematic exploratory study of 46 subjects with PTSD indicated that traumatic memories were retrieved at least initially, in the form of dissociated mental imprints of sensory and affective elements of the traumatic experience: as visual, olfactory, affective, auditory, and kinesthetic experiences. Over time, subjects reported the gradual emergence of a personal narrative that can be properly referred to as “explicit memory.” The implications of these findings for understanding the nature of traumatic memories are discussed.
Recovered memories of abuse in women with documented child sexual victimization histories
Authors: Williams Linda M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study provides evidence that some adults who claim to have recovered memories of sexual abuse recall actual events that occurred in childhood. One hundred twenty‐nine women with documented histories of sexual victimization in childhood were interviewed and asked about abuse history. Seventeen years following the initial report of the abuse, 80 of the women recalled the victimization. One in 10 women (16% of those who recalled the abuse) reported that at some time in the past they had forgotten about the abuse. Those with a prior period of forgetting—the women with “recovered memories”—were younger at the time of abuse and were less likely to have received support from their mothers than the women who reported that they had always remembered their victimization. The women who had recovered memories and those who had always remembered had the same number of discrepancies when their accounts of the abuse were compared to the reports from the early 1970s.
Stress debriefing and patterns of recovery following a natural disaster
Authors: Kenardy Justin A. , Webster Rosemary A. , Lewin Terry J. , Carr Vaughan J. , Hazell Philip L. , Carter Gregory L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStress debriefing has been used extensively following traumatic events; however, there is little evidence of its effectiveness. This paper reports the effects of stress debriefing on the rate of recovery of 195 helpers (e.g., emergency service personnel and disaster workers) following an earthquake in Newcastle, Australia (62 debriefed helpers and 133 who were not debriefed). Post‐trauma stress reactions (Impact of Event Scale) and general psychological morbidity (General Health Questionnaire: GHQ‐12) were assessed on four occasions over the first 2 years postearthquake. There was no evidence of an improved rate of recovery among those helpers who were debriefed, even when level of exposure and helping‐related stress were taken into account. More rigorous investigation of the effectiveness of stress debriefing and its role in posttrauma recovery is urgently required.
Stress responses of emergency services personnel to the loma prieta earthquake interstate 880 freeway collapse and control traumatic incidents
Authors: Marmar Charles R. , Weiss Daniel S. , Metzler Thomas J. , Ronfeldt Heidi M. , Foreman Clay 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA three‐group quasi‐experimental design contrasted the responses of rescue workers to the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake Interstate 880 freeway collapse (n = 198) with responses to critical incident exposure of Bay Area Controls (n = 140) and San Diego Controls (n = 101). The three groups were strikingly similar with respect to demographics and years of emergency service. The I‐880 group reported higher exposure, greater immediate threat appraisal, and more sick days. The three groups did not differ on current symptoms. For the sample as a whole EMT/ Paramedics reported higher peritraumatic dissociation compared with Police. EMT/ Paramedics and California road workers reported higher symptoms compared with Police and Fire personnel. Nine percent of the sample were characterized as having symptom levels typical of psychiatric outpatients. Compared with lower distress responders, those with greater distress reported greater exposure, greater peritraumatic emotional distress, greater peritraumatic dissociation, greater perceived threat, and less preparation for the critical incident.
Social phobia and PTSD in Vietnam veterans
Authors: Orsillo Susan M. , Heimberg Richard G. , Juster Harlan R. , Garrett James 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is the most prevalent psychological disorder experienced by Vietnam veterans. However, there are many other disorders and problems of adjustment, like social anxiety and social phobia, that have not been fully investigated in this population. This study examined the prevalence of social phobia and the comorbidity of social phobia and PTSD, and tested out a theory of the etiology of social anxiety in trauma victims. Forty one Vietnam combat veterans were interviewed and completed self‐report measures assessing PTSD and social phobia. Adversity of homecoming was also assessed. Using a conservative multi‐method assessment approach, 32% of the sample were found to be positive for both social phobia and PTSD. Veterans with PTSD were significantly more likely to cany an additional diagnosis of social phobia as compared to veterans without PTSD. Adversity of homecoming and shame about one's experience in Vietnam were significant predictors of current level of social anxiety over and above the effects of pre‐military anxiety and severity of combat exposure. These observations suggest that social anxiety and social phobia may be significant problems among individuals with PTSD. Further, these findings offer preliminary support for the theory that posttrauma environment may impact upon the later development of social anxiety.
Dissociative experiences and posttraumatic stress disorder among female victims of criminal assault and rape
Authors: Dancu Constance V. , Riggs David S. , Hearst‐Ikeda Diana , Shoyer Beth G. , Foa Edna B. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and dissociative experiences in a sample of 158 recent female assault victims (74 rape, 84 nonsexual assault) and 46 comparison subjects who had not been assaulted within the last year. Results indicated that victims had elevated scores on the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) as compared to the comparison subjects, but that this elevation was not as high as for other traumatized samples. The level of dissociation reported by assault victims declined significantly over the three month course of the study. DES scores were related to PTSD diagnosis and symptom severity, but only among nonsexual assault victims. In rape victims, there was no correlation between dissociation and PTSD. Recent victims with a history of childhood sexual abuse were significantly more dissociative than those who did not report such a history. These results are discussed with regard to vulnerability factors for developing PTSD subsequent to a criminal assault.
Race and outcome of treatment for veterans suffering from PTSD
Authors: Rosenheck Robert , Fontana Alan 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis study examines the relationship between racial group membership and psychometrically measured outcomes 4, 8 and 12 months after program entry in a program for veterans seeking treatment for war‐related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Longitudinal assessment data were gathered and used to compare service use, clinicians' improvement ratings and psychometrically assessed clinical change among Black (n = 122) and White (n = 403) veterans treated at six geographically diverse sites. There were no significant differences between Blacks and Whites on any of the clinicians' improvement ratings, or on 13 of the 17 outcome measures. In this prospective study of veterans suffering from long‐standing, severe PTSD, no consistent or sustained differences were observed between racial groups in improvement whether measured as psychometric change or by clinicians' ratings.
Authenticity of recovered sexual abuse memories: A Rorschach study
Authors: Leavitt Frank , Labott Susan M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDistinguishing authentic abuse from false memory among adults who recover memories of childhood sexual trauma has far‐reaching significance. This study initially examined 13 previously reported Rorschach signs of sexual abuse in women not abused, and women sexually abused (and not amnestic). The abuse signs were more prevalent in the abused group. A sexual abuse index composed of 8 signs correctly classified 93% of the abused, and 98% of the nonabused group. The index was then applied to women who recovered memories of abuse; some had analogues of dissociation in their protocols and others did not. Those exhibiting dissociative signs produced more signs of sexual abuse. The index classified 88% of the dissociative group as abused, but only 24% of the nondissociative group. The relevance of these findings for assessing authenticity of recovered memories is explored.
Complex posttraumatic stress disorder: An exploratory investigation of PTSD and DES NOS among Dutch war veterans
Authors: Jongedijk Ruud A. , Carlier Ingrid V. E. , Schreuder Bas J. N. , Gersons Berthold P. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe recently developed concept Disorder of Extreme Stress Not Otherwise Specified (DES NOS) or complex posttraumatic stress disorder (complex PTSD) is designed to encompass long‐standing symptoms not present in PTSD. An exploratory investigation of PTSD and DES NOS was performed with the Structured Clinical Interview for PTSD and for DES NOS in a small sample of Dutch war veterans with combat experience. Both PTSD and DES NOS symptoms were frequently reported. About 67% of the veterans met criteria for PTSD and 38% met criteria for DES NOS. DES NOS appeared to be associated with PTSD. Several DES NOS subcategories proved more important than others for distinguishing “simple” PTSD from complex PTSD.
Assessment of older combat veterans with the clinician‐administered PTSD scale
Authors: Hyer Lee , Summers Mary N. , Boyd Stephanie , Litaker Mark , Boudewyns Patrick 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA study of the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among older combat veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict was conducted. The Clinician‐Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) was given to 125 older combat veterans, along with a computerized variant of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM‐III‐R for PTSD, the SCID‐DTREE. (The SCID‐DTREE was itself validated against the full SCID). Results showed the CAPS to be a good discriminator of PTSD: Out of the 125 cases, only 9 were misclassified using the SCID‐DTREE as the base measure, a 93% efficiency. An alpha on the full CAPS was 95. This suggests that the CAPS is an appropriate scale for use with older combat veterans.
Predicting PTSD in women with a history of childhood rape
Authors: Epstein Jeffery N. , Saunders Benjamin E. , Kilpatrick Dean G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe impact of factors that predispose childhood rape victims to develop posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is important in understanding both the impact of childhood rape and the development of PTSD as a psychological disorder. The present study attempted to determine which crime, perpetrator, victim, and aftermath characteristics are related to PTSD status. A national representative sample of women (N = 3,220) were interviewed about their history of rape, trauma‐related variables, and PTSD status. Consistent with research on crime victims, life threat and physical injury discriminated PTSD status in a sample of childhood rape victims. In addition, two other domains were related to PTSD development: (1) testification about rape and (2) rape types. The present findings are discussed in relation to previous research.
Prolonged trauma and subsequent suicidal behavior: Child abuse and combat trauma reviewed
Authors: Adams Dalia M. , Lehnert Kim L. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractStressful events have long been acknowledged as important risk factors for suicidal behavior. Although suicide research has generally focused on less severe stressful events, a long‐standing vulnerability for suicidal behavior may be a sequela of prolonged traumatic stressors. The present paper discusses the relationship between prolonged traumatic stress and subsequent suicidality by reviewing studies that have examined suicidal behavior in relationship to child abuse and combat trauma. Traumatic stress is conceptualized according to a person‐environment interactional paradigm, and this paradigm is used to discuss the characteristics of traumatic events, recovery environments, and individuals that may contribute to subsequent suicidality.
Learning to share knowledge in the Italian motorsport industry
Authors: Mariotti Francesca 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe paper outlines a perspective on learning how to share knowledge in the context of inter‐firm networks and highlights the essential role of participation in collaborative activities. This perspective suggests that knowledge sharing is not something achieved through the simple transfer of resources, but rather is an ongoing social accomplishment in which network firms constitute and re‐constitute knowledge while engaging in collaborative activities. Empirical support for this view is offered by an in‐depth and multiyear study of the development of collaborative relationships between a leading racing car manufacturer and its suppliers in the Italian motorsport industry. The study shows that knowledge is generated over time through the instigation of three knowledge sharing processes: the promotion of a culture of working together, co‐location and the use of resident engineers, and shared education and training. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Towards a learning organisation: the application of process‐based knowledge maps to asset management (a case study)
Authors: Keane John P. , Barber Kevin D. , Munive‐Hernandez J. Eduardo 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a practical methodology for developing a process‐based Knowledge Management System (KMS) to assist Asset Management and, at the same time, support the creation of a true Learning Organisation. The KMS integrates existing management databases, process maps supporting operations, maintenance and improvement initiatives and Intranet resources and knowledge repositories.This systematic approach promotes continuous improvement (CI) through the consideration of corporate strategic plans and the utilisation of available data already held within the company's management databases (production, quality and maintenance). Process maps play a key role in the KMS as they are used effectively to define the manner in which data should be analysed, and to trigger the implementation of improvement tools and running of operations and maintenance tasks in a true CI environment. The KMS ensures a consistent and rigorous approach to carry out all improvement initiatives and other key asset management activities. The final part of the methodology addresses the creation of an Intranet‐based knowledge repository. This repository allows searching stored knowledge about issues such as current assets, new knowledge generated from improvement projects, details of expertise located in different areas of the company, key business drivers, etc. This methodology acknowledges both the tacit and explicit knowledge within the company, and it represents an appropriate environment to promote and develop a true learning organisation. The application of process maps promotes the operationalisation of knowledge, which helps to retain organisational knowledge. Although based on a case study, this process‐based KMS could be adapted to SMEs or large manufacturing organisations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adult‐onset dystonia: Atypical manifestation of Segawa disease
Authors: Regula Jens Ulrich , Thoden Uwe , Meinck Hans‐Michael 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA 33‐year‐old woman developed exercise‐induced limb and trunk dystonia with marked diurnal fluctuations. Treatment with levodopa improved her symptoms considerably but incompletely. Molecular genetic analysis revealed a mutation in GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GCH1). This report illustrates the variability of Segawa disease and underlines the importance of a levodopa test in patients with uncommon dystonic symptoms. © 2007 Movement Disorder Society
NMR spectroscopy of aminoacylase 1 deficiency, a novel inborn error of metabolism
Authors: Engelke Udo F. H. , Sass Jörn Oliver , Van Coster Rudy N. , Gerlo Erik , Olbrich Heike , Krywawych Stefan , Calvin Jacqui , Hart Claire , Omran Heymut , Wevers Ron A. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAminoacylase 1 deficiency is a novel inborn error of metabolism. The clinical significance of the deficiency is under discussion, as well as the possible consequences of the defect for brain metabolism and function. This study includes the five originally published cases as well as three novel ones. NMR spectroscopy of urine, serum and cerebrospinal fluid has been used to study these patients. A typical profile with 11 accumulating N‐acetylated amino acids was observed in urine from the patients. The concentration of most of the accumulating metabolites is typically 100–500 µmol/mmol creatinine. Two additional minor N‐acetylated metabolites remain unidentified. The concentrations of the accumulating metabolites are <20 µmol/L in serum from the patients. Interestingly we found no evidence of an increased concentration of N‐acetylated amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid from one patient. Our data define aminoacylase 1 deficiency at the metabolite level providing a specific urinary profile of accumulating N‐acetylated amino acids. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Chemically Resolved Depth Profiles Extracted from ARXPS Data Taken on Polystyrene Surfaces Exposed to Nitrogen Plasmas
Authors: Paynter R. W. , Roy‐Guay D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPolystyrene samples were exposed to a nitrogen plasma for 30 s, 1, 2, and 4 min, and analyzed by angle‐resolved photoelectron spectroscopy. Oxygen and nitrogen adatom depth profiles were extracted from the elemental peak intensities using a maximum entropy method. The same method was used to extract chemically resolved carbon‐adatom depth profiles by peak fitting the C1s spectra. The elemental nitrogen and carbon‐adatom depth profiles were observed to evolve initially and then stabilize for plasma exposures of 2 min and more. A comparison of the elemental and chemically resolved depth profiles provided an additional information on the evolution of the carbon‐adatom bonding as a function of plasma duration.magnified image
A Comparative X‐Ray and Neutron Reflectometry Study of Plasma Polymer Films Containing Reactive Amines
Authors: Muir Benjamin W. , Nelson Andrew , Fairbrother Andrew , Fong Celesta , Hartley Patrick G. , James Michael , McLean Keith M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGlow discharge AApp and HApp were prepared on silicon wafers and analyzed by XPS, AFM, ΔV (ζ‐measurements), XRR and NR. XRR and AFM measurements revealed smooth films of ≈30 nm thickness. XPS measurements in combination with XRR and NR allowed the film composition and mass densities (1.46 and 1.05 g · cm−3 for AApp and HApp respectively) to be calculated. The AApp film in contact with water was found to swell by ≈5%, contain ≈3% water and have ≈24% labile protons. The HApp film did not appear to swell, but contained ≈5% water, with ≈10% labile protons. The difference in the degree of proton exchange within the films and zeta potentials was attributed to the higher degree of residual amine functionality in the AA film.magnified image
Control of Nanotexture and Wetting Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane from Very Hydrophobic to Super‐Hydrophobic by Plasma Processing
Authors: Tsougeni Katerina , Tserepi Angeliki , Boulousis George , Constantoudis Vassilios , Gogolides Evangelos 
Published: May 2007

AbstractOxygen plasma processing of thermally cured PDMS films results in controlled surface nano‐texturing and wettability. Such treatment of thermally crosslinked PDMS produces spontaneously formed wavy structures on the surface with high nano‐scale amplitude and with periodicity of a few 100 nm. With increasing plasma treatment duration, roughness increased while periodicity decreased, resulting in surfaces of enhanced surface area exploited for the enhancement and control of surface hydrophobicity when followed by Fluorocarbon (FC) film coating of the PDMS surface. We achieved hydrophobic surfaces and super‐hydrophobic surfaces. The mechanisms responsible for the plasma‐induced PDMS surface nanotexturing are discussed, and the variations of the wetting properties have been explained using the Wenzel or Cassie‐Baxter models.magnified image