bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Root microbiota analysis of
Oryza rufipogon
and
Oryza sativa
reveals an orientation selection during the domestication process
Authors: Jiang Liqun , Ke Da , Sun Bingrui , Zhang Jing , Lyu Shuwei , Yu Hang , Chen Pingli , Mao Xingxue , Liu Qing , Chen Wenfeng , Fan Zhilan , Huang Li , Yin Sanjun , Deng Yizhen , Li Chen 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

The root-associated microbiota has a close relation to the life activities of plants, and its composition is affected by the rhizospheric environment and plant genotypes. Rice (
Oryza sativa
) was domesticated from the ancestor species
Oryza rufipogon
. Many important agricultural traits and adversity resistance of rice have changed during a long time of natural domestication and artificial selection. However, the influence of rice genotypes on root microbiota in important agricultural traits remains to be explained. In this study, we performed 16S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene amplicon sequencing to generate bacterial and fungal community profiles of
O. rufipogon
and
O. sativa
, both of which were planted in a farm in Guangzhou and had reached the reproductive stage. We compared their root microbiota in detail by alpha diversity, beta diversity, different species, core microbiota, and correlation analyses. We found that the relative abundance of bacteria was significantly higher in the cultivated rice than in the common wild rice, while the relative abundance of fungi was the opposite. Significant differences in agricultural traits between
O. rufipogon
and
O. sativa
showed a high correlation with core microorganisms in the two
Oryza
species, which only existed in either or had obviously different abundance in both two species, indicating that rice genotype/phenotype had a strong influence on recruiting specific microorganisms. Our study provides a theoretical basis for the in-depth understanding of rice root microbiota and the improvement of rice breeding from the perspective of the interaction between root microorganisms and plants.

IMPORTANCE

Plant root microorganisms play a vital role not only in plant growth and development but also in responding the biotic and abiotic stresses.
Oryza sativa
is domesticated from
Oryza rufipogon
which has many excellent agricultural traits especially containing resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. To improve the yield and resistance of cultivated rice, it is particularly important to deeply research on differences between
O. sativa
and
O. rufipogon
and find beneficial microorganisms to remodel the root microbiome of
O. sativa
.
Enteric-coated Mycophenolate Sodium therApy versus cyclophosphamide for induction of Remission in Microscopic PolyAngiitis (EMSAR-MPA trial): study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Sijia , Yao Shulei , Tie Xuan , Shi Xiaojing , Feng Rongrong , Su Xiaole , Wang Lihua 
Published: March 2024

IntroductionSeveral studies have demonstrated that mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) may be an excellent alternative to cyclophosphamide (CYC) or rituximab for the induction of remission in non-life-threatening anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies associated vasculitis because of its strong immunosuppressive potency and low toxicity profile. Enteric-coated mycophenolate sodium (EC-MPS) was introduced to reduce gastrointestinal adverse reactions of MMF. This study will evaluate the efficacy and safety of EC-MPS combined with glucocorticoid in patients with active and non-life-threatening microscopic polyangiitis (MPA).Methods and analysisThis study is a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled, non-inferiority trial. A total of 110 patients with active and non-life-threatening MPA from 11 hospitals in Shanxi Province of China will be recruited and randomised in a 1:1 ratio to receive either EC-MPS or CYC. All patients will receive the same glucocorticoid plan. We will compare oral EC-MPS (720–1440 mg/day) with intravenous pulsed CYC (7.5–15 mg/kg) administered for 3–6 months. All patients will be switched from their assigned treatment (EC-MPS or CYC) to oral azathioprine (2 mg/kg/day) after remission has been achieved, between 3 and 6 months. Azathioprine will be continued until the study ends at 18 months. The primary end point of efficacy is the remission rate at 6 months. Follow-up will continue for 18 months in order to detect an influence of induction regimen on subsequent relapse rates.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received approval from the Ethics Committee of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University (2022YX-026). All participants are required to provide written informed consent and no study-related procedures will be performed until consent is obtained. The results of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at conferences.Trial registration numberChiCTR2200063823.
Psychological experience of university students during prolonged quarantine in China: a qualitative study
Authors: Yao Anling , Zhu Mingling , Li Ling 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo explore the psychological experiences of university students in prolonged quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignA qualitative descriptive study based on semistructured interviews; data were analysed using a thematic topic analysis approach.SettingInterviews were conducted via WeChat video.Participants20 full-time undergraduate students from seven districts in Shanghai Province who experienced prolonged quarantine were interviewed from June to August 2022.ResultsThe data analysis revealed three themes with corresponding subthemes related to the psychological experiences of university students during prolonged quarantine: (1) dynamic and complex psychological experiences, encompassing the feelings of relief, confusion, anxiety, insecurity, loneliness, craving for catharsis and emotional numbness; (2) desire for diverse support; and (3) self-reflection and growth, mainly including learning to be grateful, self-efficacy enhancement, reconsideration of the meaning of life and restructuring of future planning.ConclusionThis study explored the psychological experiences of university students in prolonged quarantine through qualitative interviews, which contributed to our understanding of their emotions, needs and conceptual changes during quarantine. Combined with the experiences of university students in quarantine, they reported complex emotional changes and diverse needs, as well as the impact of prolonged quarantine on their outlook on life. These findings can serve as a reference and basis for the development of future psychological intervention measures in line with national conditions.
Interventions to improve latent and active tuberculosis treatment completion rates in underserved groups in low incidence countries: a scoping review
Authors: Dretzke Janine , Hobart Carla , Basu Anamika , Ahyow Lauren , Nagasivam Ahimza , Moore David J , Gajraj Roger , Roy Anjana 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPeople in underserved groups have higher rates of tuberculosis (TB) and poorer treatment outcomes compared with people with no social risk factors.ObjectivesThis scoping review aimed to identify interventions that improve TB treatment adherence or completion rates.Eligibility criteriaStudies of any design focusing on interventions to improve adherence or completion of TB treatment in underserved populations in low incidence countries.Sources of evidenceMEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched (January 2015 to December 2023).Charting methodsPiloted data extraction forms were used. Findings were tabulated and reported narratively. Formal risk of bias assessment or synthesis was not undertaken.Results47 studies were identified. There was substantial heterogeneity in study design, population, intervention components, usual care and definition of completion rates. Most studies were in migrants or refugees, with fewer in populations with other risk factors (eg, homelessness, imprisonment or substance abuse). Based on controlled studies, there was limited evidence to suggest that shorter treatment regimens, video-observed therapy (compared with directly observed therapy), directly observed therapy (compared with self-administered treatment) and approaches that include tailored health or social support beyond TB treatment may lead to improved outcomes. This evidence is mostly observational and subject to confounding. There were no studies in Gypsy, Roma and Traveller populations, or individuals with mental health disorders and only one in sex workers. Barriers to treatment adherence included a lack of knowledge around TB, lack of general health or social support and side effects. Facilitators included health education, trusted relationships between patients and healthcare staff, social support and reduced treatment duration.ConclusionsThe evidence base is limited, and few controlled studies exist. Further high-quality research in well-defined underserved populations is needed to confirm the limited findings and inform policy and practice in TB management. Further qualitative research should include more people from underserved groups.
Optimising triage of urgent referrals for suspected IBD: results from the Birmingham IBD inception study
Authors: Rimmer Peter , Cheesbrough Jonathan , Harris Jane , Love Melanie , Tull Samantha , Iqbal Asif , Regan-Komito Daniel , Cooney Rachel , Hazel Karl , Sharma Naveen , Dietrich Thomas , Chapple Iain , Quraishi Mohammad Nabil , Iqbal Tariq H 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveDiagnostic delays in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) result in adverse outcomes. We report a bespoke diagnostic pathway to assess how best to combine clinical history and faecal calprotectin (FCP) for early diagnosis and efficient resource utilisation.MethodsA rapid-access pathway was implemented for suspected IBD patients referred outside urgent ‘two-week wait’ criteria. Patients were triaged using symptoms and FCP. A 13-point symptom history was taken prediagnosis and clinical indices, including repeat FCP, collected prospectively.ResultsOf 767 patients (January 2021–August 2023), 423 were diagnosed with IBD (208 Crohn’s disease (CD), 215 ulcerative colitis (UC)). Most common symptoms in CD were abdominal pain (84%), looser stools (84%) and fatigue (79%) and in UC per-rectal bleeding (94%), urgency (82%) and looser stools (81%). Strongest IBD predictors were blood mixed with stools (CD OR 4.38; 95% CI 2.40–7.98, UC OR 33.68; 15.47–73.33) and weight loss (CD OR 3.39; 2.14–5.38, UC OR 2.33; 1.37–4.00). Repeat FCP testing showed reduction from baseline in non-IBD. Both measurements >100 µg/g (area under the curve (AUC) 0.800) and >200 µg/g (AUC 0.834) collectively predicted IBD. However, a second value ≥220 µg/g considered alone, regardless of the first result, was more accurate (Youden’s index 0.735, AUC 0.923). Modelling symptoms with FCP increased AUC to 0.947.ConclusionSerial FCP measurement prevents unnecessary colonoscopy. Two FCPs >200 µg/g could stream patients direct to colonoscopy, with two >100 µg/g prompting clinic review. A second result ≥220 µg/g was more accurate than dual-result thresholds. Coupling home FCP testing with key symptoms may form the basis of effective self-referral pathways.
Chinese version of the Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire: psychometric properties and clinical applications
Authors: Cai Xin-Lu , Ye Qingying , Ni Ke , Zhu Lin , Zhang Qian , Yin Minmin , Zhang Zhe , Wei Wei , Preece David A. , Li Bao-Ming 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe alexithymia trait is of high clinical interest. The Perth Alexithymia Questionnaire (PAQ) was recently developed to enable detailed facet-level and valence-specific assessments of alexithymia.AimsIn this paper, we introduce the first Chinese version of the PAQ and examine its psychometric properties and clinical applications.MethodsIn Study 1, the PAQ was administered to 990 Chinese participants. We examined its factor structure, internal consistency, test-retest reliability, as well as convergent, concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study 2, four groups, including a major depressive disorder (MDD) group (n=50), a matched healthy control group for MDD (n=50), a subclinical depression group (n=50) and a matched healthy control group for subclinical depression (n=50), were recruited. Group comparisons were conducted to assess the clinical relevance of the PAQ.ResultsIn Study 1, the intended five-factor structure of the PAQ was found to fit the data well. The PAQ showed good internal consistency and test-retest reliability, as well as good convergent, concurrent and discriminant validity. In Study 2, the PAQ was able to successfully distinguish the MDD group and the subclinical depression group from their matched healthy controls.ConclusionsThe Chinese version of the PAQ is a valid and reliable instrument for comprehensively assessing alexithymia in the general population and adults with clinical/subclinical depression.
Clinical relevance of intracranial hemorrhage after thrombectomy versus medical management for large core infarct: a secondary analysis of the SELECT2 randomized trial
Authors: Chen Michael , Joshi Krishna C , Kolb Bradley , Sitton Clark W , Pujara Deep Kiritbhai , Abraham Michael G , Ortega-Gutierrez Santiago , Kasner Scott E , Hussain Shazam M , Churilov Leonid , Blackburn Spiros , Sundararajan Sophia , Hu Yin C , Herial Nabeel , Arenillas Juan F , Tsai Jenny P , Budzik Ronald F , Hicks William , Kozak Osman , Yan Bernard , Cordato Dennis , Manning Nathan W , Parsons Mark , Hanel Ricardo A , Aghaebrahim Amin , Wu Teddy , Cardona Portela Pere , Gandhi Chirag D , Al-Mufti Fawaz , Perez de la Ossa Natalia , Schaafsma Joanna , Blasco Jordi , Sangha Navdeep , Warach Steven , Kleinig Timothy J , Johns Hannah , Shaker Faris , Abdulrazzak Mohammad A , Ray Abhishek , Sunshine Jeffery , Opaskar Amanda , Duncan Kelsey R , Xiong Wei , Al-Shaibi Faisal K , Samaniego Edgar A , Nguyen Thanh N , Fifi Johanna T , Tjoumakaris Stavropoula I , Jabbour Pascal , Mendes Pereira Vitor , Lansberg Maarten G , Sila Cathy , Bambakidis Nicholas C , Davis Stephen , Wechsler Lawrence , Albers Gregory W , Grotta James C , Ribo Marc , Hassan Ameer E , Campbell Bruce , Hill Michael D , Sarraj Amrou 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundThe incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and its effect on the outcomes after endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) for patients with large core infarcts have not been well-characterized.MethodsSELECT2 trial follow-up imaging was evaluated using the Heidelberg Bleeding Classification (HBC) to define hemorrhage grade. The association of ICH with clinical outcomes and treatment effect was examined.ResultsOf 351 included patients, 194 (55%) and 189 (54%) demonstrated intracranial and intracerebral hemorrhage, respectively, with a higher incidence in EVT (134 (75%) and 130 (73%)) versus medical management (MM) (60 (35%) and 59 (34%), both P<0.001). Hemorrhagic infarction type 1 (HBC=1a) and type 2 (HBC=1b) accounted for 93% of all hemorrhages. Parenchymal hematoma (PH) type 1 (HBC=1c) and type 2 (HBC=2) were observed in 1 (0.6%) EVT-treated and 4 (2.2%) MM patients. Symptomatic ICH (sICH) (SITS-MOST definition) was seen in 0.6% EVT patients and 1.2% MM patients. No trend for ICH with core volumes (P=0.10) or Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) (P=0.74) was observed. Among EVT patients, the presence of any ICH did not worsen clinical outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 90 days: 4 (3–6) vs 4 (3–6); adjusted generalized OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.47, P>0.99) or modify EVT treatment effect (Pinteraction=0.77).ConclusionsICH was present in 75% of the EVT population, but PH or sICH were infrequent. The presence of any ICH did not worsen functional outcomes or modify EVT treatment effect at 90-day follow-up. The high rate of hemorrhages overall still represents an opportunity for adjunctive therapies in EVT patients with a large ischemic core.
The feasibility of mechanical thrombectomy versus medical management for acute stroke with a large ischemic territory
Authors: Aslan Assala , Abuzahra Saad , Adeeb Nimer , Musmar Basel , Salim Hamza A , Kandregula Sandeep , Dmytriw Adam A , Griessenauer Christoph J , De Alba Luis , Arevalo Octavio , Burkhardt Jan Karl , Pereira Vitor M , Jabbour Pascal , Guthikonda Bharat , Cuellar Hugo H 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundMechanical thrombectomy (MT) for acute ischemic stroke is generally avoided when the expected infarction is large (defined as an Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score of <6).ObjectiveTo perform a meta-analysis of recent trials comparing MT with best medical management (BMM) for treatment of acute ischemic stroke with large infarction territory, and then to determine the cost-effectiveness associated with those treatments.MethodsA meta-analysis of the RESCUE-Japan, SELECT2, and ANGEL-ASPECT trials was conducted using R Studio. Statistical analysis employed the weighted average normal method for calculating mean differences from medians in continuous variables and the risk ratio for categorical variables. TreeAge software was used to construct a cost-effectiveness analysis model comparing MT with BMM in the treatment of ischemic stroke with large infarction territory.ResultsThe meta-analysis showed significantly better functional outcomes, with higher rates of patients achieving a modified Rankin Scale score of 0–3 at 90 days with MT as compared with BMM. In the base-case analysis using a lifetime horizon, MT led to a greater gain in quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) of 3.46 at a lower cost of US$339 202 in comparison with BMM, which led to the gain of 2.41 QALYs at a cost of US$361 896. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was US$−21 660, indicating that MT was the dominant treatment at a willingness-to-pay of US$70 000.ConclusionsThis study shows that, besides having a better functional outcome at 90-days' follow-up, MT was more cost-effective than BMM, when accounting for healthcare cost associated with treatment outcome.
Prolonged venous transit on perfusion imaging is associated with higher odds of mortality in successfully reperfused patients with large vessel occlusion stroke
Authors: Yedavalli Vivek S , Koneru Manisha , Hoseinyazdi Meisam , Greene Cynthia , Lakhani Dhairya A , Xu Risheng , Luna Licia P , Caplan Justin M , Dmytriw Adam A , Guenego Adrien , Heit Jeremy J , Albers Gregory W , Wintermark Max , Gonzalez L Fernando , Urrutia Victor C , Huang Judy , Nael Kambiz , Leigh Richard , Marsh Elisabeth B , Hillis Argye E , Llinas Rafael H 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundPoor venous outflow (VO) profiles are associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients with acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion (AIS-LVO), despite achieving successful reperfusion. The objective of this study is to assess the association between mortality and prolonged venous transit (PVT), a novel visual qualitative VO marker on CT perfusion (CTP) time to maximum (Tmax) maps.MethodsWe performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data from consecutive adult patients with AIS-LVO with successful reperfusion (modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction 2b/2c/3). PVT+ was defined as Tmax ≥10 s timing on CTP Tmax maps in at least one of the following: superior sagittal sinus (proximal venous drainage) and/or torcula (deep venous drainage). PVT− was defined as lacking this in both regions. The primary outcome was mortality at 90 days. In a 1:1 propensity score-matched cohort, regressions were performed to determine the effect of PVT on 90-day mortality.ResultsIn 127 patients of median (IQR) age 71 (64–81) years, mortality occurred in a significantly greater proportion of PVT+ patients than PVT− patients (32.5% vs 12.6%, P=0.01). This significant difference persisted after matching (P=0.03). PVT+ was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of 90-day mortality (OR 1.22 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.46), P=0.03) in the matched cohort.ConclusionsPVT+ was significantly associated with 90-day mortality despite successful reperfusion therapy in patients with AIS-LVO. PVT is a simple VO profile marker with potential as an adjunctive metric during acute evaluation of AIS-LVO patients. Future studies will expand our understanding of using PVT in the evaluation of patients with AIS-LVO.
Health-related quality of life and frailty in liver cirrhosis
Authors: Hui Yangyang , Wang Han , Guo Gaoyue , Yang Wanting , Wang Xiaoyu , Cui Binxin , Fan Xiaofei , Sun Chao 
Published: March 2024

Background and objectivesThere is limited evidence concerning the predictive value of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) on the presence of frailty in the context of cirrhosis. We aimed to elucidate the relationship between HRQoL and multidimensional frailty and to determine which HRQoL dimension independently impacted frail phenotype in our established cohort.MethodsThis was a prospective observational study by consecutively enrolling 355 patients with cirrhotic with decompensated signs in China. The HRQoL and frail phenotype were evaluated by the EuroQol-5D (EQ-5D) Questionnaire and Frailty Index, respectively. The relationship between EQ-5D utility index, as well as respective EQ-5D dimension, and Frailty Index was analysed according to the multiple linear regression analyses.ResultsMore than half of the patients (56.3%) reported problems in any dimension of the EQ-5D, suggestive of impaired HRQoL. Moreover, the proportion of patients experiencing some/extreme problems significantly increased across all five dimensions (all p<0.001) in correspondence to transition from the robust to frail phenotype. Multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated that age, ascites and hepatic encephalopathy were positively associated with Frailty Index, while EQ-5D utility index (standardised β coefficient= −0.442, p<0.001) negatively associated with Frailty Index. Notably, usual activities, self-care and mobility were the most influencing predictors associated with frailty.ConclusionsOur results support a rapid HRQoL assessment via EQ-5D may assist in predicting multidimensional frailty, and usual activities, self-care and mobility tend to be remediable targets while taking their effect on frail phenotype into consideration among patients with cirrhosis.
The effect of feeding flaxseed as a source of omega-3 fatty acids to broiler and layer breeders during rearing and lay on body weight, reproductive performance, and hatchability performance indices
Authors: Whittle Rosemary H. , Kiarie Elijah G. , Widowski Tina M. 
Published: March 2024

Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3 FA) are fed to chickens to enrich eggs for human consumption. Feeding n-3 FA to breeder flocks could benefit the breeders and improve their offspring’s health, welfare, and productivity. This study assessed the impacts of feeding flaxseed (n-3 FA source) on broiler breeders’ and layer breeders’ production performance. In experiment one, Ross 708 broiler breeders were fed a control or flaxseed (2.57% co-extruded flaxseed and pulses) diet during rearing and laying. In experiment two, Shaver White and ISA Brown layer breeders were fed a control or flaxseed diet. Diet tended to affect broiler breeder body weight (BW) ( P = 0.06) and significantly affected BW uniformity ( P = 0.045). There were no significant pairwise comparisons. Broiler breeders fed flaxseed produced more eggs than control breeders ( P < 0.001) and had better feed conversion per egg mass ( P < 0.001). Maternal diet tended to affect broiler offspring sex ( P = 0.08), but there were no significant pairwise comparisons. Flaxseed diet did not affect layer breeder weight ( P = 0.90) but decreased uniformity ( P = 0.07). Strain ( P = 0.04), but not diet ( P = 0.95), influenced the sex of layer offspring. More female chicks hatched from Shaver White than ISA Brown breeders. Feeding flaxseed did not negatively affect productivity. Feeding n-3 FA may benefit broiler breeder egg production.