bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Perfusion computed tomography: Prediction of final infarct extent and stroke outcome
Authors: Parsons Mark W. , Pepper Elizabeth M. , Chan Virgil , Siddique Sabbir , Rajaratnam Siva , Bateman Grant A. , Levi Christopher R. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) has not been previously applied to perfusion CT (CTP). Five raters assigned ASPECTS to baseline noncontrast CT (NCCT), CT angiography source images (CTA‐SI), CTP source images (CTP‐SI), and CTP maps of cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) from 37 consecutive patients with less than 6‐hour anterior circulation ischemic stroke. Major reperfusion was identified on follow‐up imaging. Mean baseline ASPECTS was compared with follow‐up imaging ASPECTS. Rates of favorable outcome were compared for dichotomized baseline ASPECTS. In patients with major reperfusion, mean CBV and CTP‐SI ASPECTS closely predicted final infarct ASPECTS. In patients without major reperfusion, mean CBF and MTT ASPECTS best predicted final infarct ASPECTS. There were significant increases in rates of favorable outcome for CTP‐SI and CBV ASPECTS of greater than 6, versus less than or equal to 6, but not for other baseline CT modalities. ASPECTS applied to CTP is more accurate at identifying the extent of reversible and irreversible ischemia and at predicting final clinical outcome than NCCTor CTA‐SI. Ann Neurol 2005;58:672–679
Diffusion tensor–based imaging reveals occult abnormalities in adrenomyeloneuropathy
Authors: Dubey Prachi , Fatemi Ali , Huang Hao , Nagae‐Poetscher Lidia , Wakana Setsu , Barker Peter B. , van Zijl Peter , Moser Hugo W. , Mori Susumu , Raymond Gerald V. 
Published: October 2005

Abstract“Pure” adrenomyeloneuropathy (AMN) is the noninflammatory myeloneuropathic variant of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy, where the disease process appears to be restricted to spinal cord tracts and peripheral nerves. The absence of obvious brain involvement makes it distinct from the inflammatory cerebral phenotypes of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy. However, some pure AMN patients later experience development of cerebral demyelination, but little is known about the extent of brain involvement in pure AMN patients who have normal brain magnetic resonance imaging. We used diffusion tensor imaging to investigate possible occult cerebral abnormalities in such pure AMN patients. Fractional anisotropy and trace were studied in three‐dimensional reconstructions of white matter tracts commonly involved in cerebral phenotypes of X‐linked adrenoleukodystrophy. Results demonstrated reduced fractional anisotropy and increased trace in bilateral corticospinal tracts and genu of corpus callosum (p < 0.05). Diffusion tensor imaging–based three‐dimensional fiber tracking showed occult tract‐specific cerebral microstructural abnormalities in pure AMN patients who had a normal conventional brain magnetic resonance image. Corticospinal tract abnormalities could reflect a centripetal extension of spinal cord long‐tract distal axonopathy. Accompanying abnormalities in genu of corpus callosum indicate that the disease pathology in pure AMN may not be limited to spinal cord long tracts alone, although the involvement of the latter is most prominent and severe. Ann Neurol 2005;58:758–766
Spastin mutations in sporadic adult‐onset upper motor neuron syndromes
Authors: Brugman Frans , Wokke John H. J. , Scheffer Hans , Versteeg Martina H. A. , Sistermans Erik A. , van den Berg Leonard H. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMutation of the spastin gene is the single most common cause of pure hereditary spastic paraparesis. In patients with an unexplained sporadic upper motor neuron (UMN) syndrome, clinical distinction between primary lateral sclerosis and sporadic hereditary spastic paraparesis may be problematic. To investigate whether spastin mutations are present in patients with primary lateral sclerosis and sporadic hereditary spastic paraparesis, we screened the spastin gene in 99 Dutch patients with an unexplained, apparently sporadic, adult‐onset UMN syndrome. We found 6 mutations, of which 4 were novel, in the subgroup of 47 patients with UMN symptoms restricted to the legs (13%). Another novel spastin mutation was found in a patient with a rapidly progressive spinal and bulbar UMN syndrome that progressed to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In the patients with arm or bulbar UMN symptoms and slow progression, no spastin mutations were found. Our study shows that spastin mutations are a frequent cause of apparently sporadic spastic paraparesis but not of primary lateral sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2005
Is obstructive sleep apnea syndrome a neurological disorder? A continuous positive airway pressure follow‐up study
Authors: Guilleminault Christian , Huang Yu‐Shu , Kirisoglu Ceyda , Chan Allison 
Published: October 2005

AbstractAbnormal sensory responses have been found in the upper airway of obstructive sleep apnea patients, but no long‐term study has been published previously regarding the evolution of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and persistence of abnormal pharyngeal sensory evaluation in response to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. Over 5 years, we managed healthy, nonobese subjects compliant with nasal CPAP. Only 47 subjects completed this prospective study, due to protocol requirements. They underwent regular clinical evaluation, subjective scales, four polysomnographies without nasal CPAP, recalibration of nasal CPAP with polysomnography, regular downloading of home data, and a palatal two‐point discrimination study. None of the subjects presented normal results at any checkpoint when they had been without CPAP for two or three nights. By the completion of the study, all subjects required an increase in nasal CPAP (1–7cm H2O) and demonstrated abnormal two‐point palatal discrimination compared with control subjects. Despite initial control of clinical symptoms with regular usage of nasal CPAP in subjects without weight change, abnormal sensory palatal evaluation was present at the conclusion of the study. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome involves abnormal upper airway sensory input, which may be responsible for the development of apneas and hypopneas. These neurological lesions are persistent despite nasal CPAP treatment. Ann Neurol 2006
In vivo imaging of dendritic spines during electrographic seizures
Authors: Rensing Nicholas , Ouyang Yannan , Yang Xiao‐Feng , Yamada Kelvin A. , Rothman Steven M. , Wong Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractEpilepsy is associated with significant neurological morbidity, including learning disabilities, motor deficits, and behavioral problems. Although the causes of neurological dysfunction in epilepsy are multifactorial, accumulating evidence indicates that seizures in themselves may directly cause brain injury. Although it is clear that seizures can result in neuronal death, it is likely that under some circumstances seizures can induce more subtle functional or structural alterations in neurons. We induced focal neocortical seizures with 4‐aminopyridine in transgenic mice expressing green fluorescent protein in cortical neurons and sequentially imaged individual dendrites in living animals with two‐photon laser‐scanning microscopy to determine whether these seizures caused acute alterations in dendritic spine morphology. No dendritic alterations were observed in anesthetized animals during electrographic seizures over a 3‐hour period. Similarly, in unanesthetized mice, low‐stage, clinical electrographic seizures had minimal effect on dendritic spines. More severe, high‐stage seizures in unanesthetized mice were associated with a moderate loss of spines and dendritic swelling, but this effect may have been contingent on a synergistic action of phototoxicity from the imaging method itself. Overall, our results suggest that most neocortical seizures have minimal acute effects on dendrites over several hours, but may predispose to dendritic injury under extreme conditions. Ann Neurol 2005
Myoclonus‐dystonia due to genomic deletions in the epsilon‐sarcoglycan gene
Authors: Asmus Friedrich , Salih Farid , Hjermind Lena Elisabeth , Ostergaard Karen , Munz Marita , Kühn Andrea A. , Dupont Erik , Kupsch Andreas , Gasser Thomas 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDirect genomic DNA sequencing fails to detect epsilon‐sarcoglycan (SGCE) mutations in up to 30% of familial myoclonus‐dystonia (M‐D) cases. We identified novel large heterozygous deletions of SGCE exon 5 or exon 6 in two M‐D pedigrees. Like nonsense mutations, exon rearrangements result in the generation of premature stop codons downstream of the deleted exon. SGCE exon dosage assays may identify additional families with SGCE mutation and thus reduce “genetic heterogeneity.” Ann Neurol 2005;58:792–797
Serum uric acid levels and the risk of Parkinson disease
Authors: de Lau Lonneke M. L. , Koudstaal Peter J. , Hofman Albert , Breteler Monique M. B. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIn a prospective population‐based cohort study among 4,695 participants aged 55 years and older, with repeated in‐person examination and on average 9.4 years of follow‐up, we observed that higher serum levels of uric acid were associated with a significantly decreased risk of Parkinson disease (adjusted hazard ratio per standard deviation increase 0.71 [95% confidence interval 0.51–0.98]), with evidence for a dose–effect relationship (p value for trend over quartiles 0.040). Our findings support the hypothesis that oxidative stress contributes to the risk of Parkinson disease and suggest a potential protective effect of the natural antioxidant and free radical scavenger uric acid. Ann Neurol 2005;58:797–800
Novel mutation in the ALS2 gene in juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Kress Julia A. , Kühnlein Peter , Winter Pia , Ludolph Albert C. , Kassubek Jan , Müller Ulrich , Sperfeld Anne‐Dorte 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe present a 32‐year‐old Turkish male with juvenile amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 2 and a previously unrecognized homozygous deletion in exon 4 of the ALS2 gene (553delA). Disease progression is more rapid than in the ALS2 phenotype cases described to date. The patient's consanguineous parents carry the mutation in the heterozygous state as do his two unaffected brothers. Ann Neurol 2005;58:800–803
Reduced expression of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2mRNA in T cells of ALS patients
Authors: Poulopoulou Cornelia , Davaki Panagiota , Koliaraki Vassiliki , Kolovou Dimitra , Markakis Ioannis , Vassilopoulos Dimitrios 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMetabotropic glutamate receptors alter the vulnerability of neurons to excitotoxic damage and are reported to display abnormal expression in the central nervous system of ALS patients. Using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we investigated the mRNA expression of specific metabotropic glutamate receptor subtypes in T lymphocytes of 20 patients with sporadic ALS, compared with healthy age‐matched control subjects and patients with other neurological disorders. The levels of metabotropic glutamate receptor 2 mRNA were markedly reduced, whereas the expression of other subtypes (1b, 3, 8) was similar to control levels. Our findings may provide a reliable peripheral marker of the glutamatergic dysfunction that characterizes ALS. Ann Neurol 2006
Cardiac pathology in status epilepticus
Authors: Manno Edward M. , Pfeifer Eric A. , Cascino Gregory D. , Noe Katherine H. , Wijdicks Eelco F. M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractMassive catecholamine release resulting in the formation of cardiac contraction bands may represent the cause of death in status epilepticus (SE). We reviewed the cardiac pathology of patients who died during SE to asses for contraction bands. Eight of 11 patients who died during SE had identifiable myocardial contraction bands compared with 5 of 22 control patients (p < 0.05, Fisher's exact t test). These findings delineate a pathological substrate and provide compelling evidence that excessive catecholamine release is the mechanism responsible for death in SE. Ann Neurol 2005
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use and the risk for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Honglei , Jacobs Eric , Schwarzschild Michael A. , McCullough Marjorie L. , Calle Eugenia E. , Thun Michael J. , Ascherio Alberto 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWe investigated whether nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug use was associated with a lower risk for Parkinson's disease (PD) in a large cohort of US men and women. PD risk was lower among ibuprofen users than nonusers. Compared with nonusers, the relative risks were 0.73 for users of fewer than 2 tablets/week, 0.72 for 2 to 6.9 tablets/week, and 0.62 for 1 or more tablets/day (p trend = 0.03). No association was found between the use of aspirin, other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, or acetaminophen and PD risk. The results suggest that ibuprofen use may delay or prevent the onset of PD. Ann Neurol 2005
Altered plasticity of the human motor cortex in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Ueki Yoshino , Mima Tatsuya , Ali Kotb Mamdouh , Sawada Hideyuki , Saiki Hidemoto , Ikeda Akio , Begum Tahamina , Reza Faruque , Nagamine Takashi , Fukuyama Hidenao 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInterventional paired associative stimulation (IPAS) to the contralateral peripheral nerve and cerebral cortex can enhance the primary motor cortex (M1) excitability with two synchronously arriving inputs. This study investigated whether dopamine contributed to the associative long‐term potentiation–like effect in the M1 in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Eighteen right‐handed PD patients and 11 right‐handed age‐matched healthy volunteers were studied. All patients were studied after 12 hours off medication with levodopa replacement (PD‐off). Ten patients were also evaluated after medication (PD‐on). The IPAS comprised a single electric stimulus to the right median nerve at the wrist and subsequent transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left M1 with an interstimulus interval of 25 milliseconds (240 paired stimuli every 5 seconds for 20 minutes). The motor‐evoked potential amplitude in the right abductor pollicis brevis muscle was increased by IPAS in healthy volunteers, but not in PD patients. IPAS did not affect the motor‐evoked potential amplitude in the left abductor pollicis brevis. The ratio of the motor‐evoked potential amplitude before and after IPAS in PD‐off patients increased after dopamine replacement. Thus, dopamine might modulate cortical plasticity in the human M1, which could be related to higher order motor control, including motor learning. Ann Neurol 2006
Complexation with chondroitin sulfate C and Polybrene rapidly purifies retrovirus from inhibitors of transduction and substantially enhances gene transfer
Authors: Landázuri Natalia , Le Doux Joseph M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractUsing amphotropic retrovirus stocks produced by TELCeB6‐A cells that encode the Escherichia coli lacZ gene, we found that complexation with chondroitin sulfate C (CSC) and Polybrene (PB) is an effective means to purify retrovirus. Virus stocks contained high levels of inhibitory activity that blocked amphotropic, but not ecotropic, retrovirus transduction. When virus stocks were brought to 80 µg/mL each of CSC and PB, complexes of CSC and PB formed. These complexes incorporated more than 70% of the virus particles but less than 0.4% of all other proteins and no detectable inhibitory activity. Purified virus transduced NIH 3T3 murine fibroblasts 21 to 186‐fold more efficiently than virus that was not purified. In addition, virus purification significantly altered the dose response of transduction. When virus that had not been purified was used to transduce cells, the relationship between transduction and virus concentration was highly non‐linear. In contrast, when purified virus was used, transduction increased monotonically and was linearly proportional to virus concentration, except when high doses of virus were used. Interestingly, when high doses of virus were used gene transfer reached a maximum plateau level, most likely because particle‐associated amphotropic envelope proteins had saturated the cellular receptors for the virus. Our findings illustrate that retrovirus purification increases the maximum number of genes that can be transferred, reduces the amount of virus required to achieve a given level of gene transfer, and reduces uncertainties about the relationship between the amount of virus used and the number of genes transferred. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, inc.
Randomized clinical trial of multimodal optimization of surgical care in patients undergoing major colonic resection
Authors: Gatt M , Anderson A D G , Reddy B S , Hayward-Sampson P , Tring I C , MacFie J 
Published: October 2005

Abstract

Background
The aim of this trial was to compare multimodal optimization with conventional perioperative management in a consecutive series of patients undergoing a wide range of colorectal procedures.

Methods
Thirty-nine patients undergoing major elective colonic resection were recruited prospectively. Patients were randomized to receive a ten-point multimodal optimization package or conventional perioperative care. All patients were administered epidural analgesia and opiates were avoided. Outcome measures recorded related to length of hospital stay, physical and mental function, and gut function.

Results
Optimization was associated with a significantly shorter median (interquartile range) hospital stay compared with conventional care (5 (4–9) versus 7·5 (6–10) days; P = 0·027). Duration of catheterization (P = 0·022) and duration of intravenous infusion (P = 0·007) were also less. Optimization was associated with a quicker recovery of gut function (P = 0·042). Grip strength was maintained in the postoperative period in the optimized group (P = 0·241) but not in the control group (P = 0·049). There were no differences in morbidity or mortality between the groups.

Conclusion
Optimization is safe and results in a significant reduction in postoperative stay along with other improved endpoints. This cannot be directly attributed to improvement in any single outcome measure or to the use of epidural analgesia. Improvements are more likely to be multifactorial and may relate to an earlier return of gut function.
Randomized trial of traditional dissection with electrocautery versus ultrasonic fundus-first dissection in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy (Br J Surg 2005; 92: 810-813)
Authors: Decadt B 
Published: October 2005

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses can be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk) or by post. All letters will be reviewed and, if approved, appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length. Letters submitted by post should be typed on A4-sized paper in double spacing and should be accompanied by a disk.
Low‐Pressure Pyrolysis oftBu2SO: Synthesis and IR Spectroscopic Detection of HSOH
Authors: Beckers Helmut , Esser Simone , Metzroth Thorsten , Behnke Markus , Willner Helge , Gauss Jürgen , Hahn Josef 
Published: October 2005

AbstractSulfenic acid (HSOH,1) has been synthesized in the gas‐phase by low‐pressure high‐temperature (1150 °C) pyrolysis of di‐tert‐butyl sulfoxide (tBu2SO,2) and characterized by means of matrix isolation and gas‐phase IR spectroscopy. High‐level coupled‐cluster (CC) calculations (CCSD(T)/cc‐pVTZ and CCSD(T)/cc‐pVQZ) support the first identification of the gas‐phase IR spectrum of1and enable its spectral characterization. Five of the six vibrational fundamentals of matrix‐isolated1have been assigned, and its rotational‐resolved gas‐phase IR spectrum provides additional information on the O–H and S–H stretching fundamentals. Investigations of the pyrolysis reaction by mass spectrometry, matrix isolation, and gas‐phase FT‐IR spectroscopy reveal that, up to 500 °C,2decomposes selectively intotert‐butylsulfenic acid, (tBuSOH,3), and 2‐methylpropene. The formation of the isomeric sulfoxide (tBu(H)SO,3 a) has been excluded. Transient3has been characterized by a comprehensive matrix and gas‐phase vibrational IR study guided by the predicted vibrational spectrum calculated at the density functional theory (DFT) level (B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p)). At higher temperatures, the intramolecular decomposition of3, monitored by matrix IR spectroscopy, yields short‐lived1along with 2‐methylpropene, but also H2O, and most probably sulfur atoms. In addition, HSSOH (6), H2, and S2O are found among the final pyrolysis products observed at 1150 °C in the gas phase owing to competing intra‐ and intermolecular decomposition routes of3. The decomposition routes of the starting compound2and of the primary intermediate3are discussed on the basis of experimental results and a computational study performed at the B3LYP/6‐311G* and second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2/6‐311G* and RI‐MP2/QZVPP) levels of theory.
Amplification of Bifunctional Ligands for Calmodulin from a Dynamic Combinatorial Library
Authors: Milanesi Lilia , Hunter Christopher A. , Sedelnikova Svetlana E. , Waltho Jonathan P. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractA well known strategy to prepare high affinity ligands for a biological receptor is to link together low affinity ligands. DCC (dynamic combinatorial chemistry) was used to select bifunctional protein ligands with high affinity relative to the corresponding monofunctional ligands. Thiol to disulfide linkage generated a small dynamic library of bifunctional ligands in the presence of calmodulin, a protein with two independently mobile domains. The binding constant of the bifunctional ligand (disulfide) most amplified by the presence of calmodulin is nearly two orders of magnitude higher than that of the corresponding monofunctional ligand (thiol).
Assembly of a Tetrathiafulvalene–Anthracene Dyad on the Surfaces of Gold Nanoparticles: Tuning the Excited‐State Properties of the Anthracene Unit in the Dyad
Authors: Zhang Guanxin , Zhang Deqing , Zhao Xiaohui , Ai Xicheng , Zhang Jianping , Zhu Daoben 
Published: October 2005

AbstractDue to the unique features of the tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) unit, such as the electron‐donating ability and presence of methylthio groups, dyad 1 can be assembled on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles, as indicated by absorption, electrochemical, and fluorescent‐spectral studies. Dyad 1 can also be disassembled by the addition of thiols. Assembly of dyad 1 on the surfaces of gold nanoparticles leads to the formation of a triad (A1‐D‐A2), which in turn modulates the photoinduced electron‐transfer process within dyad 1. Accordingly, the fluorescence intensity of dyad 1, after assembly with gold nanoparticles, increases, and the fluorescence lifetime is prolonged. Furthermore, the assembly of dyad 1 on gold nanoparticles facilitates photodimerization of the anthracene units of dyad 1. Both fluorescence and photodimerization are associated with the excited‐state behavior of the anthracene unit, thus it may be concluded that the excited‐state properties of the anthracene unit can be tuned upon complexation with gold nanoparticles.
ShanghaiGrid: an Information Service Grid
Authors: Li Minglu , Wu Min‐You , Li Ying , Cao Jian , Huang Linpeng , Deng Qianni , Lin Xinhua , Jiang Changjun , Tong Weiqin , Gui Yadong , Zhou Aoying , Wu Xinhong , Jiang Shui 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe goal of the ShanghaiGrid is to provide information services to the people. It aims to construct a metropolitan‐area information service infrastructure and establish an open standard for widespread upper‐layer applications from both communities and the government. The Information Service Grid Toolkit and a typical application called the Traffic Information Grid are discussed in detail. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.