bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Chitotriosidase and YKL‐40 in normal and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies
Authors: Madazli Riza , Kucur Mine , Gezer Altay , Isman Ferruh , Bulut Berk 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectiveTo compare macrophage activation in normal and pre‐eclamptic pregnancies by determining YKL‐40 concentration and chitotriosidase activity in maternal and cord serum.MethodsIn this prospective case‐control study samples of maternal peripheral blood and umbilical venous blood were collected from 28 pre‐eclamptic and 24 normotensive pregnant women and their newborns. YKL‐40 concentration and chitotriosidase activity were determined by enzyme‐linked immunoassay and fluorometry, respectively.ResultsChitotriosidase activity in maternal and cord serum and YKL‐40 concentration in cord serum were significantly higher in pre‐eclamptic pregnancies (P < 0.001), but there was no significant difference in maternal serum levels of YKL‐40 between the case and control groups (P > 0.05). There was a significant positive correlation between diastolic blood pressure and (1) chitotriosidase activity in both maternal and cord serum and (2) cord serum concentration of YKL‐40 (r = 0.61, r = 0.84, and r = 0.58, respectively).ConclusionThis study may be the first to demonstrate maternal and fetal macrophage activation in pre‐eclampsia.
Chemical composition of pore waters of bottom sediments in different Baikal basins
Authors: Pogodaeva T.V. , Zemskaya T.I. , Golobokova L.P. , Khlystov O.M. , Minami H. , Sakagami H. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Results of study of pore waters of bottom sediments from different Baikal basins are presented. The most typical ion distribution patterns reflecting the Baikal sediment diagenesis are given. We have established that in areas with regular sedimentation, in the absence of faults and inflows, the sediment pore waters of three lake basins inherit the chemical composition of the Baikal water, which is stable in time and space. Changes in pore water composition mark general natural anomalies, such as the presence of active faults, tectonic movements, and inflows along permeable zones. In areas with the subsurface occurrence of gas hydrates, thorough long-term research has revealed an anomalous composition of pore waters. It has been established that the anomalies are caused by a discharge of deep-level mud-volcanic fluids. The ejected mud-volcanic waters differ from each other in mineralization, ion composition, and sources, which determines the difference in hydrate formation and the composition of gas hydrates.
Structure of bottom sediments in Lake Hövsgöl: geological and climate controls
Authors:   Hövsgöl Drilling Project Group, Abzaeva A.A. , Bezrukova E.V. , Bychinsky V.A. , Fedenya S.A. , Geletiy V.F. , Goreglyad A.V. , Ivanov E.V. , Inoue G. , Kawai T. , Kalmychkov G.V. , Kashiwaya K. , Kerber E.V. , Khomutova M.Yu. , Khursevich G.K. , Kim J.Y. , Krainov M.A. , Kuzmin M.I. , Kulagina N.V. , Letunova P.P. , Minoura K. , Narantsetseg Ts. , Osukhovskaya Yu.V. , Oyunchimeg Ts. , Prokopenko A.A. , Sakai H. , Solotchina E.P. , Tkachenko L.L. , Tomurhuu D. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
A new experiment of the Hövsgöl Drilling Project was carried out in Lake Hövsgöl in 2004, as part of the international program of scientific drilling in the Baikal Rift. The reported data include a preliminary description of the recovered lake sediments (HDP-04 core), with their compositions and physical properties, and a tentative age-depth model based on the paleomagnetic polarity scale. This is the first evidence that the lithology of sediments deposited for the past ~1 Myr records periodic alternation of carbonate-free diatomaceous mud and carbonate-bearing silty clay.
The diatom intervals in the record are interpreted as corresponding to interglacials by analogy with the periodicity known since the Last Glacial. The core bears signature of at least nine lithological change events. The sediment lithology records extremely low stand of Paleo-Hövsgöl (shallow-water facies produced by erosion of older sediments at the point where the today’s lake reaches a depth of 240 m). Correlation of the HDP-04 core data with reflection profiling evidence confirms the presence of quite a large gap in the Pleistocene sedimentary record from the Hövsgöl rift basin.
The discovery of alternating carbonate-rich/carbonate-free cycles and evidence for sudden lake level changes impart special importance to the Hövsgöl archive: It can provide a deeper insight into the regional water budget and humidity history than it has been so far possible for the Middle and Late Pleistocene.
Effects of green tea on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and expression of PPARα and PPARγ and their target genes in obese dogs
Authors: Serisier Samuel , Leray Veronique , Poudroux Wilfried , Magot Thierry , Ouguerram Khadija , Nguyen Patrick 
Published: December 2007

As in man, canine obesity is associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and other chronic diseases. This study was designed to examine the effects of a nutritional supplement (green tea) on insulin sensitivity and plasma lipid concentrations in an obese insulin-resistant dog model. We also determined mRNA expression of two transcription factors, PPARγ and PPARα, and some of their target genes, including GLUT4, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and adiponectin. Obese dogs were divided into two groups: a green tea group (n 6); a control group (n 4). Dogs in the green tea group were given green tea extract (80 mg/kg per d) orally, just before their single daily meal, for 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity (using a euglycaemic–hyperinsulinaemic clamp) and concentrations of plasma TAG, total cholesterol and NEFA were assessed in each group. Gene expression was measured in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues and in liver and skeletal muscle, by real-time PCR. At 12 weeks in the green tea group, mean insulin sensitivity index was 60 (sem 11) % higher (P < 0·05) and TAG concentration 50 (sem 10) % lower (P < 0·001), than baseline. PPARγ, GLUT4, LPL and adiponectin expression were significantly higher in both adipose tissues, whilst PPARα and LPL expression were significantly higher in skeletal muscle, compared with baseline. These findings show that nutritional doses of green tea extract may improve insulin sensitivity and lipid profile and alter the expression of genes involved in glucose and lipid homeostasis.
Assessment of nutrient and water intake among adolescents from sports federations in the Federal District, Brazil
Authors: de Sousa Eliene F. , Da Costa Teresa H. M. , Nogueira Julia A. D. , Vivaldi Lúcio J. 
Published: December 2007

Adolescents aged 11–14 years (n 326), belonging to organized sports federations in the Federal District, Brazil were interviewed. Subjects (n 107) provided four non-consecutive days of food consumption and 219 subjects provided two non-consecutive days of intake. The objective was to assess their nutrient and water intake according to dietary reference intake values and their energy and macronutrient intake by sex and sports groups they were engaged in: endurance, strength-skill or mixed, according to the guidelines established by the American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM). Dietary data were corrected for intra-individual variation. Total energy expenditure was higher among endurance athletes (P < 0·001) following their higher training time (P < 0·001) when compared to adolescents engaged in strength-skill or mixed sports. Total energy intake was only significantly higher among endurance-engaged females (P = 0·05). Protein intake of males was above the guidelines established by the ACSM for all sports groups. All male sport groups fulfilled the intake levels of carbohydrate per kg body weight but only females engaged in endurance sports fulfilled carbohydrate guidelines. Intakes of micronutrients with low prevalence of adequate intake were: vitamins B1, E and folate, magnesium and phosphorus. Few adolescents ( < 5 %) presented adequate intake for calcium, fibre, drinking water and beverages. For micronutrients, prevalence of adequacies were lower for females than males, except for liquids and water. Nutrition guidance is needed to help adolescents fulfil specific guidelines of macronutrient intake for their sports and to improve their intake of micronutrients and water. Special attention should be given to female adolescent athletes.
The effect of a dietary supplement of potassium chloride or potassium citrate on blood pressure in predominantly normotensive volunteers
Authors: Braschi Alessandro , Naismith Donald J. 
Published: December 2007

Blood pressure (BP) shows a continuous relationship with the risk of CVD. There is substantial evidence that dietary potassium exerts an anti-pressor effect. Most clinical trials have used KCl. However, the chloride ion may have a pressor effect and in foods potassium is associated with organic anions. In a double-blind randomized placebo-controlled trial we explored the effect on BP of two salts of potassium, KCl and potassium citrate (K-cit), in predominantly young healthy normotensive volunteers. The primary outcome was the change in mean arterial pressure as measured in a clinic setting. After 6 weeks of supplementation, compared with the placebo group (n31), 30 mmol K-cit/d (n28) changed mean arterial pressure by − 5·22 mmHg (95 % CI − 8·85, − 4·53) which did not differ significantly from that induced by KCl (n26), − 4·70 mmHg ( − 6·56, − 2·84). The changes in systolic and diastolic BP were − 6·69 (95 % CI − 8·85, − 4·43) and − 4·26 (95 % CI − 6·31, − 2·21) mmHg with K-cit and − 5·24 (95 % CI − 7·43, − 3·06) and − 4·30 (95 % CI − 6·39, − 2·20) mmHg with KCl, and did not differ significantly between the two treatments. Changes in BP were not related to baseline urinary electrolytes. A greater treatment-related effect was observed in those with higher systolic BP. Increasing dietary potassium could therefore have a significant impact on the progressive rise in BP in the entire population.
Effect of Ramadan fasting on some indices of insulin resistance and components of the metabolic syndrome in healthy male adults
Authors: Shariatpanahi Z. Vahdat , Shariatpanahi M. Vahdat , Shahbazi S. , Hossaini A. , Abadi A. 
Published: December 2007

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Ramadan fasting on insulin sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Males (n 55; age 34·1 (sd 8·9) years) with the metabolic syndrome were studied. Blood pressure, waist circumference, body weight, HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), TAG, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting blood insulin and insulin resistance indices (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and reciprocal index of HOMA-IR (1/HOMA-IR)) were evaluated before and after 30 d of Ramadan fasting (two meals at 12 h intervals). The dietary intake was estimated by 24 h recall before and after fasting. The total daily energy intake was decreased by 234·6 (sd 88·2) kJ/d in the fasting period (P = 0·005). 1/HOMA-IR, QUICKI and HDL-C were significantly increased (P = 0·005, P = 0·001 and P = 0·004) and FPG significantly decreased (P < 0·005) after fasting. Simple linear regression analysis demonstrated that HOMA-IR, 1/HOMA-IR and QUICKI were related to waist circumference after intervention (r 0·458, P < 0·001; r − 0·396, P < 0·05; r − 0·342, P < 0·05). In conclusion, the present study showed that the combined change in the number and timing of meals and portioning of the entire intake into only two meals per d may increase insulin sensitivity in subjects with the metabolic syndrome even when the decrease in energy consumption is minimal.
The occurrence ofCaryophyllaeus laticepsin the naseChondrostoma nasusfrom Austrian rivers: possible anthropogenic factors
Authors: Jirsa F. , Konecny R. , Frank C. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBetween April 2003 and November 2006 a total of 198 naseChondrostoma nasus(L.) were examined for parasites from seven river sites in Austria. The selected sites showed different levels of anthropogenic alterations in river morphology ranging from pristine areas, with minor anthropogenic alterations, to strongly physically altered rivers. A variety of parasites were recovered from the skin, gills, swimbladder and eyes, withCaryophyllaeus laticeps(Pallas) being identified as the only cestode species occurring in the intestine. This is the first record of this species in nase in Austria.Caryophyllaeus laticepswas confined to the first 20% of the intestine, even in heavily infected hosts. The occurrence ofC. laticepswithin the fish population seems to be correlated with the degree of anthropogenic changes of the nase's habitat. In rivers with a high degree of ecological integrity or in rivers that are only partially dammed,C. laticepsis either absent inC. nasusor occurs with low prevalence (5.6–20%) and low mean intensity values (1.0–4.0). Where anthropogenic factors have changed the entire river into a reservoir, and fish cannot escape, the prevalence of infection withC. laticepsincreases from 46.2 to 78.2% and the mean intensity from 8.8 to 17.2.
Three-dimensional instability of two nonlinearly coupled electromagnetic waves in a plasma
Authors: STENFLO LENNART , ELIASSON BENGT , MARKLUND MATTIAS 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe three-dimensional instability of two coupled electromagnetic waves in an unmagnetized plasma is investigated theoretically and numerically. In the regime of two-plasmon decay, where one pump wave frequency is approximately twice the electron plasma frequency, we find that the coupled pump waves give rise to enhanced instability with wavevectors between those of the two beams. In the case of ion parametric decay instability, where the pump wave decays into one Langmuir wave and one ion acoustic wave, the instability regions are added with no distinct amplification. Our investigation can be useful in interpreting laser-plasma as well as ionospheric heating experiments.
Large-amplitude electron plasma oscillations
Authors: ABRAHAM-SHRAUNER BARBARA 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLarge-amplitude electron plasma oscillations in a one-dimensional, cold electron plasma are investigated for a spatially varying, immobile ion density. The Eulerian variables are transformed to Lagrangian variables. The problem is then treated as an effective one-dimensional particle in a potential. Two examples of spatially varying ion densities that lead to analytic functions for the electron position, velocity and electric field are found by Gauss' law to have zero electron density, an unphysical result. A generic solution that includes the two examples is shown to have a spatially homogeneous ion density. A nonlinear ordinary differential equation is the condition for the appropriate form of the electron density and is solved by Lie group symmetries. A more general form of a solution is presented that possesses a spatially varying ion density, but when the necessary conditions are specified it has either zero electron density or secular terms in the electron density.
High-enthalpy, water-cooled and thin-walled ICP sources characterization and MHD optimization
Authors: HERDRICH G. , PETKOW D. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe development of the inductively driven plasma wind tunnel PWK3, which enables the electrodeless generation of high-enthalpy plasmas for the development of heat shield materials required for space vehicles performing entry manoeuvres in the atmospheres of Venus, Earth and Mars, is described. The facility with its modular inductive plasma generators allows operation with gases such as carbon dioxide, air, oxygen and nitrogen and was qualified for thermal plasma powers up to 60 kW. Previously developed models for determining plasma properties and plasma source related characteristics enable a maximum plasma power in combination with long operational periods using different operational gases and gas mixtures. This is achieved by an optimization using the optimum operational frequency, a minimization of field losses using very thin plasma tube wall thicknesses and the successful application of MHD effects. Based on the solved cylinder problem for ICPs, a one-dimensional model for radial Lorentz forces and magnetic pressure has been developed. Here, a synthesis of previously published data and works is made where the new algebraic model for the calculation of Lorentz forces and magnetic pressures in an ICP was used and applied to experimental data. In addition, results from the model using the experimental data are shown to be consistent and, in addition, a comparison with a simpler model based on the well-known exponential approach for ICPs showed that the simpler model is covered without fail by the new model. The new model also states that there is a maximum of the Lorentz forces over the damping parameter d/δ (plasma diameter divided by skin depth) which almost corresponds with the position of the maximum plasma power of the cylindric model for ICPs. For the magnetic pressure the position of the maximum pressure is identical to the value for d/δ for the maximum plasma power.
Specific tyrosine phosphorylation induced in Schistosoma mansoni miracidia by haemolymph from schistosome susceptible, but not resistant, Biomphalaria glabrata
Authors: WALKER A. J. , ROLLINSON D. 
Published: December 2007

SUMMARYMolecular interplay during snail-schistosome interactions is poorly understood and there is much to discover concerning the effect of snail host molecules on molecular processes in schistosomes. Using the Biomphalaria glabrata – Schistosoma mansoni host-parasite system, the effects of exposure to haemolymph, derived from schistosome-resistant and susceptible snail strains, on protein tyrosine phosphorylation in miracidia have been investigated. Western blotting revealed several tyrosine phosphorylated proteins in this larval stage. Exposure of miracidia to haemolymph from susceptible snails for 60 min resulted in a striking, 5-fold, increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a 56 kDa (p56) S. mansoni protein. In contrast, haemolymph from resistant snails had little effect on protein tyrosine phosphorylation levels in miracidia. Confocal microscopy revealed that tyrosine phosphorylation was predominantly associated with proteins present in the tegument. Finally, treatment of miracidia with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein significantly impaired their development into primary sporocysts. The results open avenues for research that focus on the potential importance of phospho-p56 to the outcome of schistosome infection in snails, and the significance of protein tyrosine kinase-mediated signalling events to the transformation of S. mansoni larvae.
Strengths and weaknesses of finite-state technology: a case study in morphological grammar development
Authors: WINTNER SHULY 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFinite-state technology is considered the preferred model for representing the phonology and morphology of natural languages. The attractiveness of this technology for natural language processing stems from four sources: modularity of the design, due to the closure properties of regular languages and relations; the compact representation that is achieved through minimization; efficiency, which is a result of linear recognition time with finite-state devices; and reversibility, resulting from the declarative nature of such devices. However, when wide-coverage morphological grammars are considered, finite-state technology does not scale up well, and the benefits of this technology can be overshadowed by the limitations it imposes as a programming environment for language processing. This paper investigates the strengths and weaknesses of existing technology, focusing on various aspects of large-scale grammar development. Using a real-world case study, we compare a finite-state implementation with an equivalent Java program with respect to ease of development, modularity, maintainability of the code, and space and time efficiency. We identify two main problems,abstractionandincremental development, which are currently not addressed sufficiently well by finite-state technology, and which we believe should be the focus of future research and development.
Carotenoid intakes, assessed by food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), are associated with serum carotenoid concentrations in the Jackson Heart Study: validation of the Jackson Heart Study Delta NIRI Adult FFQs
Authors: Talegawkar Sameera A , Johnson Elizabeth J , Carithers Teresa C , Taylor Herman A , Bogle Margaret L , Tucker Katherine L 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjectivesIntake and status of carotenoids have been associated with chronic disease. The objectives of this study were to examine the association between carotenoid intakes as measured by two regional food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs) and their corresponding measures in serum, and to report on dietary food sources of carotenoids in Jackson Heart Study (JHS) participants.DesignCross-sectional analysis of data for 402 African American men and women participating in the Diet and Physical Activity Sub-Study (DPASS) of the JHS.ResultsMean serum carotenoid concentrations and intakes in this population were comparable to those reported for the general US population. After adjustment for covariates, correlations between serum and dietary measures of each carotenoid, for the average of the recalls (deattenuated), the short FFQ and the long FFQ, respectively, were: 0·37, 0·35 and 0·21 for α-carotene; 0·35, 0·26 and 0·28 for total (diet plus supplements) β-carotene; 0·25, 0·17 and 0·20 for dietary β-carotene; 0·42, 0·34 and 0·26 for β-cryptoxanthin; 0·33, 0·15 and 0·17 for lutein plus zeaxanthin; and 0·37, 0·19 and 0·14 for lycopene. Major dietary sources of α-carotene were orange vegetables; of β-carotene and lutein plus zeaxanthin, mustard, turnip and collard greens; of β-cryptoxanthin, orange juice; and of lycopene, tomato juice.ConclusionsOn average, carotenoid intakes and serum concentrations are not lower in this southern African American population than the general US population. The two regional FFQs developed for a southern US population and used as dietary assessment tools in the JHS appear to provide reasonably valid information for most of these carotenoids.
How Does Being Female Assist Help-Seeking for Mental Health Problems?
Authors: Judd Fiona , Komiti Angela , Jackson Henry 
Published: December 2007

Objective: In Australia the prevalence of mental health problems does not vary by gender, but help-seeking and service utilization do. The aim of the present study was to examine a number of attitudinal factors that may influence help-seeking for mental health problems. Method: A cross-sectional community survey was conducted with a sample of 579 rural residents (57.9% female), who completed self-report measures assessing stoicism, alexithymia, perceived and personal stigma and the various facets of the personality trait of openness to experience. Results: Men scored higher on measures of stoicism and personal stigma associated with mental health problems than women, and compared to women had lower scores on the facets of openness to experience. Conclusions: Higher rates of help-seeking for mental health problems by women may be due to lower levels of stoicism and personal stigma related to mental health problems in women compared to men.