bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duration of antidepressant use during pregnancy and risk of
major congenital malformations
Authors: Ramos Élodie , St-André Martin , Rey Évelyne , Oraichi Driss , Bérard Anick 
Published: April 2008

BackgroundAntidepressant use during the gestational period is a controversial
topic.AimsTo determine whether duration of antidepressant use during the first
trimester increases the risk of major congenital malformations in
offspring of women diagnosed with psychiatric disorders.MethodA case-control study was performed among women who had been pregnant
between January 1998 and December 2002. Data were obtained from a
Medication and Pregnancy registry, built by linking three databases from
the province of Quebec, and a self-administered questionnaire. Women
eligible for this study had to be 15–45 years old at the beginning of
pregnancy, have at least one diagnosis of psychiatric disorder before
pregnancy, have used antidepressants for ≥ 30 days in the year prior to
pregnancy and have a pregnancy ending with a delivery. Cases were defined
as any major congenital malformation diagnosed in the offspring's first
year of life. Odds ratios, adjusted for relevant confounders, were
estimated using logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 2329 women meeting the inclusion criteria, 189 (8.1%) infants
were born with a major congenital malformation. Duration of
antidepressant use during the first trimester of pregnancy was not
associated with an increased risk of major congenital malformations: 1–30
days v. 0 day, adjusted OR=1.23 (95% CI 0.77–1.98);
31–60 days v. 0 day, adjusted OR=1.03 (95% CI
0.63–1.69); ≥ 61 days v. 0 day, adjusted OR=0.92 (95% CI
0.50–1.69).ConclusionsThese data do not support an association between duration of
antidepressant use during the first trimester of pregnancy and major
congenital malformations in the offspring of women with psychiatric
disorders. These findings should help clinicians decide whether to
continue antidepressant therapy during pregnancy.
Affective modulation of anterior cingulate cortex in young
people at increased familial risk of depression
Authors: Mannie Zola N. , Norbury Ray , Murphy Susannah E. , Inkster Becky , Harmer Catherine J. , Cowen Philip J. 
Published: April 2008

BackgroundWe previously found that children of parents with depression showed
impaired performance on a task of emotional categorisation.AimsTo test the hypothesis that children of parents with depression would
show abnormal neural responses in the anterior cingulate cortex, a brain
region involved in the integration of emotional and cognitive
information.MethodEighteen young people (mean age 19.8 years) with no personal history of
depression but with a biological parent with a history of major
depression (FH+ participants) and 16 controls (mean age 19.9
years) underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging while completing
an emotional counting Stroop task.ResultsControls showed significant activation in the pregenual anterior
cingulate cortex to both positive and negative words during the emotional
Stroop task. This activation was absent in FH+
participants.ConclusionsOur findings show that people at increased familial risk of depression
demonstrate impaired modulation of the anterior cingulate cortex in
response to emotionally valenced stimuli.
Clinical differences between bipolar and unipolar
depression
Authors: Forty Liz , Smith Daniel , Jones Lisa , Jones Ian , Caesar Sian , Cooper Carly , Fraser Christine , Gordon-Smith Katherine , Hyde Sally , Farmer Anne , McGuffin Peter , Craddock Nick 
Published: April 2008

SummaryIt is commonly – but wrongly – assumed that there are no important
differences between the clinical presentations of major depressive disorder
and bipolar depression. Here we compare clinical course variables and
depressive symptom profiles in a large sample of individuals with major
depressive disorder (n=593) and bipolar disorder
(n=443). Clinical characteristics associated with a
bipolar course included the presence of psychosis, diurnal mood variation
and hypersomnia during depressive episodes, and a greater number of shorter
depressive episodes. Such features should alert a clinician to a possible
bipolar course. This is important because optimal management is not the same
for bipolar and unipolar depression.
Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of Levothyroxine Therapy in Young Adults with Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Salerno Mariacarolina , Oliviero Ugo , Lettiero Teresa , Guardasole Vincenzo , Mattiacci Dario Maria , Saldamarco Lavinia , Capalbo Donatella , Lucariello Antonio , Saccà Luigi , Cittadini Antonio 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Context: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most prevalent endocrine disorder in the newborn and is routinely treated with life-long levothyroxine replacement therapy. Although several studies have demonstrated that such therapy may impact on the cardiovascular system, little is known with regard to the effects of long-term levothyroxine administration in patients with CH.
Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate whether long-term levothyroxine replacement therapy in young adults with CH is associated with cardiovascular abnormalities.
Patients and Methods: Thirty young adults with CH aged 18.1 ± 0.2 yr and 30 age- and sex-matched controls underwent cardiac and carotid Doppler ultrasound and symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise testing. Hypothyroidism was diagnosed by neonatal screening, and levothyroxine treatment was initiated within the first month of life and carefully adjusted to maintain TSH levels in the normal range and free T4 in the high-normal range.
Results: Compared with controls, hypothyroid patients exhibited left ventricular diastolic dysfunction, impaired exercise capacity, and increased intima-media thickness. At multiple regression analysis, the number of episodes of plasma TSH levels less than 0.5 mU/liter and greater than 4.0 mU/liter from the age of 1 yr onward, and mean TSH plasma levels during puberty were independent predictors of diastolic filling and cardiopulmonary performance indexes (multiple r values: 0.61–0.75).
Conclusions: Long-term levothyroxine treatment in young adults with congenital hypothyroidism is associated with impaired diastolic function and exercise capacity and increased intima-media thickness.
Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Function in Children with Mild Hyperthyrotropinemia at Neonatal Screening for Congenital Hypothyroidism
Authors: Leonardi Daniela , Polizzotti Nunziella , Carta Anna , Gelsomino Rossella , Sava Lidia , Vigneri Riccardo , Calaciura Francesca 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjective: Long-term outcome of thyroid function in children with very short-lasting neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia (“false positive” at neonatal screening) was studied in an observational, prospective study. Thyroid function and morphology were evaluated in 44 “false positive” children up to advanced childhood (8.0 ± 0.7 yr of age). In these children a high prevalence (50%) of subclinical hypothyroidism in early childhood (2.8 ± 0.5 yr) had already been described.Results: At an average of 5.3 yr, subclinical hypothyroidism persisted in 19 of 44 (43.2%) children and, more specifically, in two of three of those who had increased TSH in early childhood. Euthyroidism was present in all cases that were euthyroid in early childhood, although they had TSH and free T3 values significantly higher than control children with a normal TSH at birth (TSH = 2.6 ± 0.7 vs. 1.5 ± 0.6 mU/liter, P &lt; 0.001; free T3 = 4.9 ± 0.8 vs. 3.9 ± 0.9 pmol/liter, P &lt; 0.01). Thyroid morphology alterations were frequent in the group of children with subclinical hypothyroidism. At an average of 8.0 yr, subclinical hypothyroidism persisted in 14 of 44 (31.8%) children. In all other children, TSH and thyroid hormones were confirmed within the normal range.Conclusions: This prospective longitudinal study confirms that newborns “false positive” at neonatal screening have a high risk to develop persistent subclinical hypothyroidism. The prevalence of hypothyroidism decreases with increasing age, but it is still high (&gt;30%) in late childhood. Even those “false positive” children that maintain euthyroidism in late childhood have an average TSH value that, although within the normal range, is higher than in normal controls, a possible marker of minor congenital thyroid function abnormalities.
Leptin Does Not Mediate Short-Term Fasting-Induced Changes in Growth Hormone Pulsatility but Increases IGF-I in Leptin Deficiency States
Authors: Chan Jean L. , Williams Catherine J. , Raciti Patricia , Blakeman Jennifer , Kelesidis Theodore , Kelesidis Iosif , Johnson Michael L. , Thorner Michael O. , Mantzoros Christos S. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Context: States of acute and chronic energy deficit are characterized by increased GH secretion and decreased IGF-I levels.
Objective: The objective of the study was to determine whether changes in levels of leptin, a key mediator of the adaptation to starvation, regulate the GH-IGF system during energy deficit.
Design, Setting, Patients, and Intervention: We studied 14 healthy normal-weight men and women during three conditions: baseline fed and 72-h fasting (to induce hypoleptinemia) with administration of placebo or recombinant methionyl human leptin (r-metHuLeptin) (to reverse the fasting associated hypoleptinemia). We also studied eight normal-weight women with exercise-induced chronic energy deficit and hypothalamic amenorrhea at baseline and during 2–3 months of r-metHuLeptin treatment.
Main Outcome Measures: GH pulsatility, IGF levels, IGF and GH binding protein (GHBP) levels were measured.
Results: During short-term energy deficit, measures of GH pulsatility and disorderliness and levels of IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-1 increased, whereas leptin, insulin, IGF-I (total and free), IGFBP-4, IGFBP-6, and GHBP decreased; r-metHuLeptin administration blunted the starvation-associated decrease of IGF-I. In chronic energy deficit, total and free IGF-I, IGFBP-6, and GHBP levels were lower, compared with euleptinemic controls; r-metHuLeptin administration had no major effect on GH pulsatility after 2 wk but increased total IGF-I levels and tended to increase free IGF-I and IGFBP-3 after 1 month.
Conclusions: The GH/IGF system changes associated with energy deficit are largely independent of leptin deficiency. During acute energy deficit, r-metHuLeptin administration in replacement doses blunts the starvation-induced decrease of IGF-I, but during chronic energy deficit, r-metHuLeptin administration increases IGF-I and tends to increase free IGF-I and IGFBP-3.
Association of CYP3A7*1C and Serum Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Goodarzi Mark O. , Xu Ning , Azziz Ricardo 
Published: April 2008

Abstract
Context: Adrenal androgen excess is common in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and appears to be heritable. CYP3A7 metabolizes dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate (DHEAS). A promoter variant, CYP3A7*1C, which results in persistent expression in adults, was associated with reduced DHEAS levels in a previous study, which led us to consider CYP3A7*1C as a modulator of adrenal androgen excess in patients with PCOS.
Objective: The objective was to replicate the association between CYP3A7*1C and reduced DHEAS levels in PCOS patients and assess its possible role in modulating testosterone levels.
Design: Women with and without PCOS were genotyped for CYP3A7*1C, and this variant was tested for association with DHEAS and total and free testosterone.
Setting: Subjects were recruited from the reproductive endocrinology clinic at the University of Alabama at Birmingham; controls were recruited from the surrounding community. Genotyping took place at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center (Los Angeles, CA).
Participants: A total of 287 white women with PCOS and 187 controls were studied.
Main Measurements: CYP3A7*1C genotype, PCOS risk, and androgen levels were measured.
Results: PCOS subjects who carried the CYP3A7*1C variant had lower levels of serum DHEAS and total testosterone (P = 0.0006 and 0.046, respectively). The variant was not associated with PCOS risk.
Conclusion: This study replicated prior work of the association of CYP3A7*1C and decreased DHEAS in a different population of young PCOS women, providing further genetic evidence that CYP3A7 plays a potential role in modulation of DHEAS levels. Adult expression of CYP3A7 may modify the PCOS phenotype by ameliorating adrenal androgen excess.
Inter- and intra-observer variability of the Crowe and Hartofilakidis classification systems for congenital hip disease in adults
Authors: Yiannakopoulos C. K. , Chougle A. , Eskelinen A. , Hodgkinson J. P. , Hartofilakidis G. 
Published: April 2008

Our study evaluated the reliability of the Crowe and Hartofilakidis classification systems for developmental dysplasia of the hip in adults. The anteroposterior radiographs of the pelvis of 145 patients with 209 osteoarthritic hips were examined twice by three experienced hip surgeons from three European countries and the abnormal hips were rated using both classifications. The inter- and intra-observer agreement was calculated. Interobserver reliability was evaluated using weighted and unweighted kappa coefficients and for the Crowe classification, among the three pairs there was a minimum kappa coefficient with linear weighting of 0.90 for observers A and C and a maximum kappa coefficient of 0.92 for observers B and C. For the Hartofilakidis classification, the minimum kappa value was 0.85 for observers A and B, and the maximum value was 0.93 for observers B and C. With regard to intra-observer reliability, the kappa coefficients with linear weighting between the two evaluations of the same observer ranged between 0.86 and 0.95 for the Crowe classification and between 0.80 and 0.93 for the Hartofilakidis classification. The reliability of both systems was substantial to almost perfect both for serial measurements by individual readers and between different readers, although the information offered was dissimilar.
The use of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in orthopaedic patients
Authors: Strauss E. J. , Egol K. A. , Alaia M. , Hansen D. , Bashar M. , Steiger D. 
Published: April 2008

This study was undertaken to evaluate the safety and efficacy of retrievable inferior vena cava filters in high-risk orthopaedic patients. A total of 58 patients had a retrievable inferior vena cava filter placed as an adjunct to chemical and mechanical prophylaxis, most commonly for a history of previous deep-vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, polytrauma, or expected prolonged immobilisation. In total 56 patients (96.6%) had an uncomplicated post-operative course. Two patients (3.4%) died in the peri-operative period for unrelated reasons.Of the 56 surviving patients, 50 (89%) were available for follow-up. A total of 32 filters (64%) were removed without complication at a mean of 37.8 days (4 to 238) after placement. There were four filters (8%) which were retained because of thrombosis at the filter site, and four (8%) were retained because of incorporation of the filter into the wall of the inferior vena cava. In ten cases (20%) the retrievable filter was left in place to continue as primary prophylaxis. No patient had post-removal thromboembolic complications.A retrievable inferior vena cava filter, as an adjunct to chemical and mechanical prophylaxis, was a safe and effective means of reducing the acute risk of pulmonary embolism in this high-risk group of patients. Although most filters were removed without complications, thereby avoiding the long-term complications that have plagued permanent indwelling filters, a relatively high percentage of filters had to be left in situ.
Orthopaedic bone cement
Authors: Bridgens J. , Davies S. , Tilley L. , Norman P. , Stockley I. 
Published: April 2008

Bone cements produced by different manufacturers vary in their mechanical properties and antibiotic elution characteristics. Small changes in the formulation of a bone cement, which may not be apparent to surgeons, can also affect these properties. The supplier of Palacos bone cement with added gentamicin changed in 2005. We carried out a study to examine the mechanical characteristics and antibiotic elution of Schering-Plough Palacos, Heraeus Palacos and Depuy CMW Smartset bone cements. Both Heraeus Palacos and Smartset bone cements performed significantly better than Schering-Plough Palacos in terms of mechanical characteristics, with and without additional vancomycin (p < 0.001). All cements show a deterioration in flexural strength with increasing addition of vancomycin, albeit staying above ISO minimum levels. Both Heraeus Palacos and Smartset elute significantly more gentamicin cumulatively than Schering-Plough Palacos. Smartset elutes significantly more vancomycin cumulatively than Heraeus Palacos. The improved antibiotic elution characteristics of Smartset and Heraeus Palacos are not associated with a deterioration in mechanical properties. Although marketed as the ‘original’ Palacos, Heraeus Palacos has significantly altered mechanical and antibiotic elution characteristics compared with the most commonly-used previous version.
Operative treatment of hip impingement caused by hypertrophy of the anterior inferior iliac spine
Authors: Pan HL. , Kawanabe K. , Akiyama H. , Goto K. , Onishi E. , Nakamura T. 
Published: April 2008

A 30-year-old man presented with pain and limitation of movement of the right hip. The symptoms had failed to respond to conservative treatment. Radiographs and CT scans revealed evidence of impingement between the femoral head-neck junction and an abnormally large anterior inferior iliac spine. Resection of the hypertrophic anterior inferior iliac spine was performed which produced full painless restoration of function of the hip.Hypertrophy of the anterior inferior iliac spine as a cause of femoro-acetabular impingement has not previously been described.
Autologous chondrocyte implantation in a novel alginate-agarose hydrogel
Authors: Selmi T. A. S. , Verdonk P. , Chambat P. , Dubrana F. , Potel J.-F. , Barnouin L. , Neyret P. 
Published: April 2008

Autologous chondrocyte implantation is an established method of treatment for symptomatic articular defects of cartilage. CARTIPATCH is a monolayer-expanded cartilage cell product which is combined with a novel hydrogel to improve cell phenotypic stability and ease of surgical handling. Our aim in this prospective, multicentre study on 17 patients was to investigate the clinical, radiological, arthroscopic and histological outcome at a minimum follow-up of two years after the implantation of autologous chondrocytes embedded in a three-dimensional alginate-agarose hydrogel for the treatment of chondral and osteochondral defects. Clinically, all the patients improved significantly. Patients with lesions larger than 3 cm2 improved significantly more than those with smaller lesions. There was no correlation between the clinical outcome and the body mass index, age, duration of symptoms and location of the defects. The mean arthroscopic International Cartilage Repair Society score was 10 (5 to 12) of a maximum of 12. Predominantly hyaline cartilage was seen in eight of the 13 patients (62%) who had follow-up biopsies. Our findings suggest that autologous chondrocyte implantation in combination with a novel hydrogel results in a significant clinical improvement at follow-up at two years, more so for larger and deeper lesions. The surgical procedure is uncomplicated, and predominantly hyaline cartilage-like repair tissue was observed in eight patients.
Frequency of Medication Errors with Intravenous Acetylcysteine for Acetaminophen Overdose
Authors: Hayes Bryan D , Klein-Schwartz Wendy , Doyon Suzanne 
Published: April 2008

Background: Acetadote, an intravenous preparation of acetylcysteine, became commercially available in the US in June 2004 for the treatment of acetaminophen poisoning. The dosing regimen is complex, consisting of a loading dose followed by 2 maintenance doses, each with different infusion rates. Objective: To analyze the frequency of medication errors related to the complex dosing regimen for intravenous acetylcysteine. Methods: A retrospective chart review of a regional poison center's records was performed for all patients treated with intravenous acetylcysteine from August 1, 2006, to August 31, 2007. Data collected included acetylcysteine dose, infusion rate, interruptions in therapy, unnecessary administration, and medical outcome. Records that revealed medication errors were further examined for the time and location of the errors. Results: There were 221 acetaminophen overdose cases treated with intravenous acetylcysteine that met inclusion criteria. Of these, 84 medication errors occurred in 74 (33%) patients. The frequency and types of errors were 1.4% incorrect dose, 5% incorrect infusion rate, 18.6% more than 1 hour of interruption in therapy, and 13.1% unnecessary administration. The frequency and types of medication errors in pediatric patients were similar to those in the total patient population. Errors occurred most frequently in the emergency department compared with Intensive care units or general medical floors. In addition, errors occurred most frequently on third shift, compared with first or second shift. Evaluation of medical outcomes in cases involving acetaminophen only found that medication errors did not have an impact on coded outcomes. Conclusions: Medication administration errors occur frequently with intravenous acetylcysteine. Awareness of this problem, coupled with increased vigilance in identifying factors associated with errors, should decrease medication errors with intravenous acetylcysteine therapy for acetaminophen poisoning.
Heart Failure Worsening and Exacerbation After Venlafaxine and Duloxetine Therapy
Authors: Colucci Vincent J , Berry Bradley D 
Published: April 2008

Objective: To report 2 cases of worsened heart failure (HF) after the introduction of venlafaxine or duloxetine therapy in patients with previously stable disease. Case Summaries: Two patients, a 39-year-old female and a 68-year-old male, both diagnosed with HF of left ventricular systolic dysfunction, had worsening symptoms in the presence of the serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) venlafaxine 75 mg twice daily and/or duloxetine 30–60 mg/day. Both patients developed tachycardia, which remitted after the discontinuation of these agents. The woman was rechallenged with duloxetine 60 mg daily after her HF worsened with venlafaxine, only to have the tachycardia and HF symptoms return. Other iatrogenic causes and metabolic disturbances (eg, anemia) were ruled out. Discussion: increased levels of norepinephrine secondary to reuptake inhibition may be potentially deleterious in patients with chronic HF of left ventricular dysfunction owing to the “progressive HF model” and neurohormonal compensatory responses. Use of the Naranjo probability scale showed a probable relationship between venlafaxine/duloxetine use and these adverse outcomes. Venlafaxine and duloxetine were discontinued. Conclusions: Use of drugs that increase serum norepinephrine levels, such as the SNRIs, may be potentially deleterious in individuals with unstable or advanced HF. These medications should be avoided or used with caution and monitored regularty in this patient population.