bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Myocarditis: Diagnostic Value of MR Imaging and CT
Authors: Laissy J.‐P. , Bazeli R. , Benachour N. , Gaxotte V. , Schouman‐Claeys E. , Serfaty J.‐M. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThere is a growing consensus to recognize the role of cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the diagnosis of myocarditis. The most characteristic finding is the presence of subepicardial enhancing areas in the inferior and lateral walls in delayed‐enhanced MR sequences. Segmental wall motion abnormality may be present in the myocardial segments that can be different from those exhibiting the myocardial damage in delayed enhancement sequence. These MR features provide accurate information on the type of myocardial involvement, and probably are able to assess the severity of the disease. Moreover, these MR patterns as well as others may distinguish acute myocarditis from acute myocardial infarct, both on first‐pass perfusion images and on delayed‐enhancement images. Recent improvements of computerized tomography (CT) make it a challenging method for cardiac MR to assess myocarditis. By providing similar results in terms of myocardial involvement, and by adding information on coronary arteries, ECG‐gated MDCT could be a useful alternative non‐invasive diagnostic test in the early phase of acute myocarditis.
Cardiac Imaging in Acute Coronary Syndromes and Acute Myocardial Infarction – An Update
Authors: Rendl G. , Altenberger J. , Pirich C. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryMyocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using nuclear techniques is a well‐established diagnostic tool in the management of patients after acute coronary syndromes (ACS) or acute myocardial infarction (AMI) providing non‐invasively information about perfusion and function. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is routinely applied for MPI allowing the characterization of localization, extent and severity of perfusion abnormalities. Gated SPECT MPI is a technique that can accurately define the individual patient risk among clinically stable survivors of AMI, assessing the total left ventricular (LV) perfusion defect size, the extent of inducible ischaemia and the degree of LV dysfunction. The documented prognostic value of these scintigraphic parameters is of clinical importance to guide decision making in the cardiac patient. Moreover, the cost effectiveness of implemented MPI in the work‐up of patients after AMI has been demonstrated. Metabolic imaging with F‐18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) is currently the most advanced scintigraphic imaging technique developed for in vivo assessment of tissue viability, providing clinical valuable information about the presence and extent of viable myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease. Whether this technique will be valuable for patients with ACS or AMI has not been established, yet. However, PET technology offers fascinating opportunities to investigate the distinct pathophysiological pathways in acute and chronic cardiac disease. Imaging of stunning in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is an example of how nuclear medicine techniques contribute to the understanding of cardiac disease.
Evaluating a Four Year Sales Selection Program
Authors: WILSON JOHN E. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe Sales Selection Program evaluated is believed to be typical of those programs using psychological appraisals based on test results, personal history blanks, and an interview by a psychologist as a basis for selection judgments. The company is a mill and warehouse distributor of metals and industrial products employing approximately 160 office and direct‐contact salesmen. Management's goals for the program were: the reduction of turnover, improvement in the quality of the sales force, and the identification of men with potential for advancement.To determine if turnover had been reduced, the number and per cent of new men retained for 3, 12, 18, and 24 months preceding and following the initiation of the program were compared. Using chi square it was found that the reductions under the program were significant for each period.The criterion of Job performance consisted of a rating in Job terms of points which management believed were important to Job success. A reliability coefficient of .79 was obtained by correlating ratings of 76 office salesmen made in two successive years. Pearsonian correlations were computed for a group of 70 to 75 office salesmen, including those selected during the selection program and a group of 34 to 40 men employed prior to installation of the program. For the group not selected on the basis of tests and interviews, significant validity coefficients ranging from .38 to .46, which held up after revalidation the following year, were obtained for the Guilford Zimmerman Aptitude Survey, Part I (Verbal), Part II (Reasoning), and two subscales of the Guilford Zimmerman Temperament Survey called “restraint” and “thoughtfulness.” As the direct‐contact sales group included a number of small Job subgroups, validation procedures were not considered feasible.
A Follow‐up on Some “Invalid” Tests For Selecting Salesmen1
Authors: ALBRIGHT LEWIS E. , SMITH WALLACE J. , GLENNON J. R. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryApproximately two years after a battery of tests was administered to two types of salesmen, these salesmen were followed up to learn what changes, if any, had occurred in their Job status. Three groups of salesmen were identified: (a) those who had been promoted, (b) those who were still salesmen (no change in status) and (c) those who resigned. Several tests which had shown no previous correlation with supervisory ratings of the salesmen's Job performance were examined for evidence of validity against the promoted‐no change‐resigned criterion. It was found that this administrative‐action criterion was more predictable than were the original ratings. Consequently, an attempt was made to separate the three criterion groups more clearly than was possible with any one test by combining some of the tests in a multiple discriminant function.
SEX AND JOB ORIENTATION
Authors: SALEH SHOUKRY D. , LALLJEE MANSUR 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThree samples, each divided into males and females, were asked to indicate to what degree some job characteristics were important to them. The job characteristics represented both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In the first sample (40 male and 44 female university students) there was no sex difference in job orientation. Both selected the intrinsic factors more than the extrinsic factors.There was also no sex difference in the second sample, which consisted of 68 male and 33 female public school teachers. They, however, stressed as many intrinsic factors as extrinsic.The general results of the third sample showed significant sex differences. The sample of 259 male and 143 female employees represented a technical division of a large service‐oriented organization. Education and job level were significantly different for the two subgroups. When these two variables were controlled for a sample of clerks and of first‐level supervisors, no sex difference appeared in job orientation. The results also showed that the higher the job level, the more intrinsically‐oriented the employees were regardless of their sex.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EXPECTANCIES AND JOB BEHAVIOR FOR WHITE AND BLACK EMPLOYEES
Authors: GREENHAUS JEFFREY H. , GAVIN JAMES F. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryThe purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between effort‐reward expectancy (Porter and Lawler, 1968) and job behavior for white and black employees. It was found, first, that the blacks in this study tended to see a greater connection between hard work and rewards than did the whites. However, the ethnic groups did not differ in the rated importance they attributed to these rewards. It was also found that the relationship between expectancy and work motivation criteria was generally low for both samples. The interpretation of expectancy‐criterion correlations as possible indicators of importance was explored.
MANAGERIAL VALUES: A METHODOLOGICAL STEP TOWARD A PSYCHOLINGUISTIC APPROACH
Authors: MORVAL JEAN , HOGENRAAD ROBERT 
Published: December 2006

SummaryManagers from Private Enterprises and Public Services answered a questionnaire where they were asked to give the 60 concepts and 40 adjectives that are the most useful to describe and characterize their managing function. Some concepts and adjectives appear with a frequency beyond the chance level they fix the limits of a managerial subjective culture. Additional entropy measures show that concepts are more stereotyped than adjectives and that Public Services Managers are more stereotyped than Private Enterprises Managers although in both cases the entropy curves are quasi‐linear meaning that the semantic space of management is economically organized.
DECISION‐MAKING IN THREE‐ VS. FOUR‐PERSON GROUPS1
Authors: MAIER NORMAN R. F. 
Published: December 2006

SummaryA total of 519 managers were used as Ss to test the decisions of individuals as compared to three‐ and four‐person discussion groups. The decision involved a promotion with job facts and individual capabilities supplied (behavior data, job descriptions, and brief interview transcripts). Ss were asked to try to reach one of three decisions: Encourage, Discourage, or Insufficient Information. The results show that (1) discussion makes for unanimous decisions with about equal frequency in three‐ and four‐person groups (76.4% vs. 72.7%); (2) three‐person groups are more likely to compromise on the Insufficient Information decision than four‐person groups (55.1% vs. 30.3%); and (3) both the high quality and low quality decisions increase as the compromise alternative declines.
INFLUENCE OF IRRELEVANT CUES AND ALTERNATE FORMS OF GRAPHIC RATING SCALES ON THE HALO EFFECT1
Authors: RIZZO WILLIAM A. , FRANK FREDRIC D. 
Published: December 2006

The major hypothesis of this study was that halo due to irrelevant characteristics could be reduced by giving raters the opportunity to separately rate the irrelevant characteristics.Thirty‐six non‐commissioned Navy officers participated in this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one or four conditions: negative halo‐job related scales, negative halo‐job related and irrelevant scales, positive halo‐job related scales, and positive halo‐job related irrelevant scales.Subjects were required to read a hypothetical job description and then a narrative performance description of a specific ratee. They then were required to evaluate their assigned ratee on a set of graphic rating scales.The data partially supported the major hypothesis in that the graphic ratings based solely on job‐related scales in the negative halo condition contained greater halo than ratings based on a set of identical scales but which included, in addition, scales relevant to non‐job related characteristics. Reasons for the lack of statistical significance with respect to the positive halo condition were discussed.
EMPIRICALLY DERIVED JOB FAMILIES AS A FOUNDATION FOR THE STUDY OF VALIDITY GENERALIZATION
Authors: COLBERT G. A. , TAYLOR L. R. 
Published: December 2006

Studies I and II of this series (Taylor, 1978; Taylor and Colbert,1978) were concerned with the empirical development of homogeneous families of insurance company jobs based on data from the Position Analysis Questionnaire (PAQ). The current study, Study III, involved studies of validity generalization within the job families which resulted from the previous research.In general, it was hypothesized and found that regression equations yielded statistically significant cross‐validated multiple correlations within job families and that different predictors were found valid for different job families. Cross‐validated multiple correlation coefficients appeared to be somewhat larger when validation samples were drawn from the same job family than for cases in which validation samples were drawn from different job families. Absolute errors of prediction were found to be greater for regression equations applied across job families than for regression equations applied within job families. Implications of the job analysis and validity generalization studies are discussed.
DO BLACK AND WHITE SUPERVISORY PROBLEM SOLVING STYLES DIFFER?*
Authors: SHULL FREMONT , ANTHONY WILLIAM P. 
Published: December 2006

Do black supervisors manage differently than white supervisors? Do black supervisors solve problems in the same way as white supervisors? To investigate these issues a group of 21 blacks and 56 whites in a supervisory training program conducted by the College of Business, University of Georgia, were studied using a take‐home paper and pencil exercise. Certain independent variables were first identified which included biographical data, employment experience and personality factors. The exercises attempted to measure the way they resolved role conflict situations and handled disciplinary problems–two important duties of supervisors.The most outstanding finding from the study was the paucity of differences in all measures except in attitudes toward received discipline. Blacks were less willing to accept harsh punishment for violation of organizational rules than whites, especially where there was a history of high performance. We conclude, however, that organizational acculturation may substantially offset any minority subcultural influences in organizational situations.
INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN BOREDOM PRONENESS AND TASK EFFECTIVENESS AT WORK
Authors: DRORY AMOS 
Published: December 2006

The present study was concerned with the relationships between boredom at work, personal characteristics and performance. Data on individual characteristics, work effectiveness and experienced boredom at work was collected from a sample of 93 heavy truck drivers by means of questionnaires and personnel file records.The results suggest that boredom while driving through a monotonous desert road was moderately, yet systematically, associated negatively with higher mental and physical individual capacity. Boredom was also negatively associated with effectiveness. The relationship between boredom and work effectiveness was significantly moderated by personal characteristics. It was found that boredom was more strongly related to work effectiveness at the lower levels of individual capacity. The results are discussed in terms of possible implications for personnel selection and placement decisions.
COMING HOME TO THE ARCTIC COLD: ANTECEDENTS TO FINNISH EXPATRIATE AND SPOUSE REPATRIATION ADJUSTMENT
Authors: GREGERSEN HAL B. , STROH LINDA K. 
Published: December 2006

Building on repatriation adjustment research for U.S. managers and spouses, this study is one of the first to identify potential cross‐cultural differences by assessing these processes theoretically and empirically in a non‐U.S. sample. Focusing on Finnish expatriates and spouses, this study examined anticipatory and in‐country variables related to work, interaction, and general repatriation adjustment. Specifically, time overseas, time since returning home, role discretion, and role clarity were significant correlates of Finnish repatriates' work adjustment. Time overseas, culture novelty, and social status correlated significantly with repatriates' adjustment to interacting with home country nationals. Time overseas and time back home correlated significantly with repatriate' general adjustment. For Finnish repatriates' spouses, time back home, culture novelty, and housing conditions correlated significantly with adjustment to interacting with home country nationals. For spouses' general adjustment, time overseas, time back home, culture novelty, and housing conditions were significant correlates. Implications of these findings for researchers and practitioners are explored.Coming back home was more difficult than going abroad because I had expected changes when going overseas. During repatriation it was real culture shock! I felt like an alien in my own country. Surprisingly, I was totally unprepared for the long, harsh, cold, dark Arctic winter. My attitudes had changed so much that it was difficult to understand Finnish customs. Old friends had moved, had children, or just vanished. Others were interested in our experiences, but only sort of. Most simply could not understand our overseas experience or just envied our way of life. (Finnish Spouse returning from Australia)
Identification of Translational Regulation Target Genes during Filamentous Growth in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
: Regulatory Role of Caf20 and Dhh1
Authors: Park Young-Un , Hur Hyangsuk , Ka Minhan , Kim Jinmi 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

The dimorphic transition of yeast to the hyphal form is regulated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A pathways in
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
. Signaling pathway-responsive transcription factors such as Ste12, Tec1, and Flo8 are known to mediate filamentation-specific transcription. We were interested in investigating the translational regulation of specific mRNAs during the yeast-to-hyphal-form transition. Using polyribosome fractionation and RT-PCR analysis, we identified
STE12
,
GPA2
, and
CLN1
as translation regulation target genes during filamentous growth. The transcript levels for these genes did not change, but their mRNAs were preferentially associated with polyribosomes during the hyphal transition. The intracellular levels of Ste12, Gpa2, and Cln1 proteins increased under hyphal-growth conditions. The increase in Ste12 protein level was partially blocked by mutations in the
CAF20
and
DHH1
genes, which encode an eIF4E inhibitor and a decapping activator, respectively. In addition, the
caf20
and
dhh1
mutations resulted in defects in filamentous growth. The filamentation defects caused by
caf20
and
dhh1
mutations were suppressed by
STE12
overexpression. These results suggest that Caf20 and Dhh1 control yeast filamentation by regulating
STE12
translation.
Activity of a Second
Trypanosoma brucei
Hexokinase Is Controlled by an 18-Amino-Acid C-Terminal Tail
Authors: Morris Meredith T. , DeBruin Courtney , Yang Zhaoqing , Chambers Jeremy W. , Smith Kerry S. , Morris James C. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Trypanosoma brucei
expresses two hexokinases that are 98% identical, namely, TbHK1 and TbHK2. Homozygous null TbHK2
−/−
procyclic-form parasites exhibit an increased doubling time, a change in cell morphology, and, surprisingly, a twofold increase in cellular hexokinase activity. Recombinant TbHK1 enzymatic activity is similar to that of other hexokinases, with apparent

K
m

values for glucose and ATP of 0.09 ± 0.02 mM and 0.28 ± 0.1 mM, respectively. The
k
cat
value for TbHK1 is 2.9 × 10
4
min
−1
. TbHK1 can use mannose, fructose, 2-deoxyglucose, and glucosamine as substrates. In addition, TbHK1 is inhibited by fatty acids, with lauric, myristic, and palmitic acids being the most potent (with 50% inhibitory concentrations of 75.8, 78.4, and 62.4 μM, respectively). In contrast to TbHK1, recombinant TbHK2 lacks detectable enzymatic activity. Seven of the 10 amino acid differences between TbHK1 and TbHK2 lie within the C-terminal 18 amino acids of the polypeptides. Modeling of the proteins maps the C-terminal tails near the interdomain cleft of the enzyme that participates in the conformational change of the enzyme upon substrate binding. Replacing the last 18 amino acids of TbHK2 with the corresponding residues of TbHK1 yields an active recombinant protein with kinetic properties similar to those of TbHK1. Conversely, replacing the C-terminal tail of TbHK1 with the TbHK2 tail inactivates the enzyme. These findings suggest that the C-terminal tail of TbHK1 is important for hexokinase activity. The altered C-terminal tail of TbHK2, along with the phenotype of the knockout parasites, suggests a distinct function for the protein.
A Novel Class of Developmentally Regulated Noncoding RNAs in
Leishmania
Authors: Dumas Carole , Chow Conan , Müller Michaela , Papadopoulou Barbara 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Leishmania
is a protozoan parasite that causes serious morbidity and mortality in humans worldwide. The ability of these parasites to survive within the phagolysosomes of mammalian macrophages is dependent on the developmental regulation of a variety of genes. Identifying genomic sequences that are preferentially expressed during the parasite's intracellular growth would provide new insights about the mechanisms controlling stage-specific gene regulation for intracellular development of the parasite. Using a genomic library that differentially hybridized to probes made from total RNA from
Leishmania infantum
amastigote or promastigote life cycle stages, we identified a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) ranging from ∼300 to 600 nucleotides in size that are expressed specifically in the intracellular amastigote stage. These ncRNAs are transcribed by RNA polymerase II from genomic clusters of tandem head-to-tail repeats, which are mainly located within subtelomeric regions. Remarkably, both the sense and antisense orientations of these ncRNAs are transcribed and are processed by
trans
splicing and polyadenylation. The levels of antisense transcripts are at least 10-fold lower than those of the sense transcripts and are tightly regulated. The sense and antisense ncRNAs are cytosolic as shown by fluorescence in situ hybridization studies and cosediment with a small ribonucleoprotein complex. Amastigote-specific regulation of these ncRNAs possibly occurs at the level of RNA stability. Interestingly, overexpression of these ncRNAs in promastigotes, as part of an episomal expression vector, failed to produce any transcript, which further highlights the instability of these RNAs in the promastigote stage. This is the first report describing developmentally regulated ncRNAs in protozoan parasites.
Targeted Deletion of
MIC5
Enhances Trimming Proteolysis of
Toxoplasma
Invasion Proteins
Authors: Brydges Susannah D. , Zhou Xing Wang , Huynh My-Hang , Harper Jill M. , Mital Jeffrey , Adjogble Koku D. Z. , Däubener Walter , Ward Gary E. , Carruthers Vern B. 
Published: December 2006

ABSTRACT

Limited proteolysis of proteins transiently expressed on the surface of the opportunistic pathogen
Toxoplasma gondii
accompanies cell invasion and facilitates parasite migration across cell barriers during infection. However, little is known about what factors influence this specialized proteolysis or how these proteolytic events are regulated. Here we show that genetic ablation of the micronemal protein MIC5 enhances the normal proteolytic processing of several micronemal proteins secreted by
Toxoplasma
tachyzoites. Restoring MIC5 expression by genetic complementation reversed this phenotype, as did treatment with the protease inhibitor ALLN, which was previously shown to block the activity of a hypothetical parasite surface protease called MPP2. We show that, despite its lack of obvious membrane association signals, MIC5 occupies the parasite surface during invasion in the vicinity of the proteins affected by enhanced processing. Proteolysis of other secretory proteins, including GRA1, was also enhanced in MIC5 knockout parasites, indicating that the phenotype is not strictly limited to proteins derived from micronemes. Together, our findings suggest that MIC5 either directly regulates MPP2 activity or it influences MPP2's ability to access substrate cleavage sites on the parasite surface.