bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison of suitable drought indices for climate change impacts assessment over Australia towards resource management
Authors: Mpelasoka F. , Hennessy K. , Jones R. , Bates B. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDroughts have significant environmental and socio‐economic impacts in Australia. This emphasizes Australia's vulnerability to climate variability and limitations of adaptive capacity. Two drought indices are compared for their potential utility in resource management. The Rainfall Deciles‐based Drought Index is a measure of rainfall deficiency while the Soil‐Moisture Deciles‐based Drought Index is a measure of soil‐moisture deficiency attributed to rainfall and potential evaporation. Both indices were used to assess future drought events over Australia under global warming attributed to low and high greenhouse gas emission scenarios (SRES B1 and A1F1 respectively) for 30‐year periods centred on 2030 and 2070. Projected consequential changes in rainfall and potential evaporation were based on results from the CCCma1 and Mk2 climate models, developed by the Canadian Climate Center and the Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) respectively. A general increase in drought frequency associated with global warming was demonstrated by both indices for both climate models, except for the western part of Australia. Increases in the frequency of soil‐moisture‐based droughts are greater than increases in meteorological drought frequency. By 2030, soil‐moisture‐based drought frequency increases 20–40% over most of Australia with respect to 1975–2004 and up to 80% over the Indian Ocean and southeast coast catchments by 2070. Such increases in drought frequency would have major implications for natural resource management, water security planning, water demand management strategies, and drought relief payments. Copyright © 2007 Royal Meteorological Society
Low‐intensity pulsed ultrasound and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs have opposing effects during stress fracture repair
Authors: Li Jiliang , Waugh Lauren J. , Hui Siu L. , Burr David B. , Warden Stuart J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLow‐intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) and nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used to treat stress fracture. Bilateral stress fractures were induced in the ulnas of 48 adult rats. Animals were divided into two groups (NSAID and VEH), and treated 5 days per week with celecoxib (5 mg/kg) mixed in a vehicle solution of polyethylene glycol and saline (NSAID) or vehicle alone (VEH). One‐to‐three hours following drug administration, all animals were treated with unilateral active‐LIPUS and contralateral inactive‐LIPUS. Equal numbers of ulnas from each drug group were histologically evaluated at 2, 4, and 8 weeks following induction of stress fracture. Neither LIPUS nor NSAID influenced bone resorption, but each had significant and opposite effects on intracortical bone formation rate. These effects indicate that LIPUS may be used to facilitate stress fracture repair whereas NSAID may delay tissue level repair of stress fractures. There was no interaction between LIPUS and NSAID, indicating that the beneficial LIPUS effect was not mediated by the cyclooxygenase‐2 pathway. LIPUS accelerated stress fracture healing, whereas the NSAID delayed repair. When used in combination, the beneficial LIPUS effect was not impaired by the detrimental NSAID effect. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 25:1559–1567, 2007
Erratum: Gender‐specific in vivo measurement of the structural and mechanical properties of the human patellar tendon
Authors: Onambélé Gladys N.L. , Burgess Katherine , Pearson Stephen J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe address for the corresponding author, Gladys N.L. Onambélé, should read: Department of Exercise & Sport Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Hassall Road, Alsager ST7 2HL, United Kingdom.The article to which this Erratum refers was published in this issue on pages 1635–1642.
Raman spectroscopy of 3‐(pent‐1‐enyl) methyl ether and selected deuterium‐labelled analogues
Authors: Brown Helen C. , Bowen Richard D. , Edwards Howell G. M. , Farwell Dennis W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Raman spectra of 3‐(pent‐1‐enyl) methyl ether (3‐methoxypent‐1‐ene) and four deuterium‐labelled analogues are reported and discussed. Correlations between specific structural features and the associated Raman bands are developed, with a view to enhancing the analytical application of Raman spectroscopy in investigating materials containing an alkenyl group. Particular attention is given to developing means of distinguishing the methyl group attached to the carbon skeleton from that of the methoxy group, to maximize the analytical utility of the signals associated with ν(sp2 CH), ν(sp2 CH2) and ν(CC) stretching vibrations, and to interpreting in more detail certain δ(sp2 CH) and δ(sp2 CH2) vibrations of the atoms of the double bond. These results establish a definitive spectroscopic protocol for differentiating a methoxy group from a methyl substituent attached directly to a carbon atom in unsaturated ethers. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies on the resonance Raman spectra of polyaniline obtained with near‐IR excitation
Authors: do Nascimento Gustavo M. , Temperini M´rcia L. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe effects of near‐IR (NIR) laser power over the Raman spectra of poly(aniline) emeraldine salt (PANI‐ES) and base (PANI‐EB) were investigated. The reasons for the existence of several bands from 1324 to 1500 cm−1 in the Raman spectra of poly(aniline) obtained at NIR region were also studied. The bands from 1324 to 1375 cm−1 were associated to νCN of polarons with different conjugation lengths and the bands from 1450 to 1500 cm−1 in Raman spectra of PANI emeraldine and pernigraniline base forms were correlated to νCN modes associated with quinoid units having different conjugation lengths. The increase of laser power at 1064.0 nm causes the deprotonation of PANI‐ES and the formation of cross‐linking segments having phenazine and/or oxazine rings. For PANI‐EB only a small spectral change is observed when the laser power is increased, owing to the low absorption of this form in the NIR region. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic and pulse radiolysis studies of the antioxidant properties of (+)catechin: metal chelation and oxidizing radical scavenging
Authors: Torreggiani Armida , Jurasekova Zuzana , Sanchez‐Cortes Santiago , Tamba Maurizio 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCatechin (5,7,3′,4′‐tetrahydroxyflavan‐3‐ol, Cat), a compound suggested to give protection to living organisms both by direct scavenging of free radicals and metal chelation, was investigated in the presence of Zn(II) and Cu(II) ions by different techniques.The UV/vis, Raman and IR studies were useful to assess the chelation sites, the relevant interaction of Cat with Cu(II) ions, as well as the weak affinity with Zn(II). Cat acts as a bidentate ligand through the catechol moiety on B‐ring, but the metal complex structure depends on the metal. In particular, some autoxidation processes may be involved in the formation of the Cu–Cat complexes. The protonation state of the B‐ring plays an important role both in metal chelation and scavenging activity of Cat.Information on the reactivity of the free Cat towards oxidizing radicals with different redox properties were obtained by pulse radiolysis. In all cases the relatively stable phenoxyl radicals resulted to be formed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vibrational spectra of polaprezinc, a polymeric Zn(II) complex of carnosine
Authors: Wagner Claudia C. , Baran Enrique J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractPolaprezinc, the Zn(II) complex of the dipeptide carnosine (β‐alanyl histidine) presents an interesting biological and pharmacological activity, specially as an anti‐ulcer agent. The infrared and Raman spectra of this compound were recorded and briefly discussed. Some comparisons were made with related complexes and with free carnosine. The results confirm the coordination environment of the Zn(II) cation, constituted by the terminal amino N‐atom, the deprotonated amide N‐atom and one carboxylate oxygen of one dipeptide molecule and the N‐atom of the imidazole moiety of a second carnosine molecule. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Application of Raman dispersion spectroscopy in 3‐way multivariate data analysis
Authors: Hedegaard M. , Hassing S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn this paper a new application of Raman dispersion spectroscopy (RADIS) is proposed, namely as a source of 3‐way data in multivariate analysis of classification problems, i.e. problems where different molecular species are identified in a number of samples. Owing to the coherent nature of the absorption–emission sequence in the Raman process, the unpolarized data generated by RADIS are born as 3‐way multivariate data. To demonstrate the potential of RADIS, a series of classification problems have been constructed and analyzed. By using computer‐simulated Raman and RADIS data it is shown that the 3‐way RADIS data obtained from very few samples, using only a few laser frequencies and a few Raman bands, can in general provide highly reliable results in classification problems without any a priori knowledge about the number of different molecular species in the samples. Quantitative comparisons have been made between a principal component analysis (PCA) of the 2‐way Raman data and a Tucker 3 analysis of the corresponding 3‐way RADIS data. It is found that the 3‐way RADIS data will give rise to a recognition ratio equal to 100% even in the worst case where no conclusions about the number of different molecular species in the samples can be drawn from the PCA of the 2‐way Raman data. It is shown that only the raw RADIS data are needed for the multivariate analysis, so that the use of internal standards, corrections for self‐absorption and other corrections necessary in molecular dynamics problems can be avoided. The results do not depend very much on the particular excitation wavenumbers used. Furthermore in most cases the fluorescence background does not influence the results. These facts together with the increased availability of solid state lasers with a variety of wavenumbers makes it easy to implement the proposed application of RADIS in practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of some non‐edible vegetable oils of Indian origin for lubricant application
Authors: Joseph P. V. , Saxena Deepak , Sharma D. K. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractDue to growing environmental concerns, eco‐friendly processes and materials have become one of the key interests of research and in the area of tribology, natural esters are gaining popularity as lubricants. Natural esters are being used in many applications as eco‐friendly lubricant base. In Europe, canola/rapeseed oil and sunflower oil are mainly used, whereas in the USA, soybean oil is in use for formulating environmentally friendly lubricants. Native and genetically modified high oleic varieties of these oils are being widely used. In the Indian scenario, since the above‐mentioned oils are scarcely available for industrial applications, there is a need to look for other viable alternatives. Some candidate non‐edible vegetable oils of Indian origin were selected which were unexplored or less explored in the field of lubricant application, and their suitability in lubricant application focusing mainly on physico‐chemical characteristics, thermo‐oxidative stability and lubrication characteristics was studied. These oils were found to be promising candidates for application in lubricants in view of their physico‐chemical characteristics and better thermo‐oxidative and hydrolytic stability. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nuclear translocation of HER‐4/c‐erbB‐4 is significantly correlated with prognosis of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Xu Shuangta , Kitayama Joji , Yamashita Hiroharu , Souma Daisuke , Nagawa Hirokazu 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundHER family is an attractive target for the treatment of esophageal cancer. The clinical relevance of HER‐4 has not been yet characterized.MethodsThe expression of HER‐4 was immunohistochemically examined in 61 surgically resected esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC), and the prognostic significance of HER‐4 in ESCC was evaluated.ResultsHER‐4 was positive in the cytoplasm and cell membrane of 51 (84%) tumors, with variable intensity and a heterogeneous distribution, with preferential expression in well or moderately differentiated tumors. Nuclear staining of HER‐4 was observed in 37 (61%) cases as well. The membranous/cytoplasmic, but not nuclear, expression of HER‐4 was positively correlated with the expression of HER‐2 and HER‐3. Survival of the HER‐4‐positive group was significantly better than that of the HER‐4‐negative group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that extranuclear expression of HER‐4 was independently correlated with increased survival. In contrast, nuclear staining of HER‐4 was correlated with increased T stage, which resulted in a significant reduction in survival in the HER‐4 positive group (P < 0.05).ConclusionExtranuclear HER‐4 may have negative effects on the progression of ESCC, whereas nuclear translocation of HER‐4 may elicit a tumor‐promoting property. Immunohistochemical detection of HER‐4 localization is clinically useful to predict the survival of the patients with ESCC. J. Surg. Oncol. 2008;97:44–50. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Glycerol as a platform chemical: Sweet opportunities on the horizon?
Authors: Kenar James A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIncreased global production of biodiesel since the late‐1990s has created an abundance of crude glycerin that has significantly impacted the glycerin market resulting in a decline in glycerin pricing. Because the economic viability of the biodiesel and oleochemical industries are closely linked to glycerol, the deterioration of glycerol prices negatively affects the cost of materials derived from these industries. Although glycerol has many commercial uses, these markets are generally considered mature making it difficult to absorb the glycerin surpluses. The increasing abundance of glycerin, its renewability, and attractive pricing make glycerol (80% crude glycerin spot price December 2005; US $ = 0.12/lb ($264/tonne), Euro = 140/tonne) an appealing platform chemical to derive a family of commercially valued compounds. To this end, new chemistry to convert glycerol into high volume value‐added products is being developed. This article gives a brief historical background of glycerol and examines recent technological developments to exploit glycerol as a versatile primary chemical building block in an effort to expand glycerol applications and utilize surplus stockpiles of glycerin.
Natural plant oils and fats as renewable resources: A sustainable option?
Authors: Askew Melvyn F. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWhilst many opportunities for the utilisation of natural oils and fats have been identified in scientific and technical studies there has been little uptake by the marketplace. Recent policy decisions related to climate change have driven a new market development in biodiesel and this development has overshadowed almost all of the other potential market developments that could occur in this sector. A re‐establishment of balance is required. Further, there is a need to develop awareness and promote the uptake of the opportunities available; frequently there are non‐technical barriers to development.
Analysis of biodiesel, diesel and gasoline by NMR spectroscopy – A quick and robust alternative to NIR and GC
Authors: Diehl Bernd , Randel Gabriele 
Published: November 2007

Abstract1H NMR spectroscopy is presented as a routine analysis for diesel mixed with biodiesel and gasoline. Results of NMR spectroscopy and the orthogonal gas chromatography method show identical results.
Ultrasonic spot welding of aluminum sheet/carbon fiber reinforced polymer – joints
Authors: Balle F. , Wagner G. , Eifler D. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCurrent demands on light weight constructions lead to an increasing use of light weight metals such as aluminum or magnesium alloys as well as fiber reinforced polymers (FRP). Suitable welding methods are necessary to join these dissimilar material groups and to integrate them in engineering structures. At the Institute of Materials Science and Engineering the ultrasonic metal welding technique was successfully applied to realize aluminum sheet/carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) ‐ joints. The welding during this process occurs in two steps: First the ultrasonic shear waves lead to a softening and displacement of the polymer matrix out of the welding zone. In the second step a direct weld between the load bearing carbon fibers of the CFRP and the aluminum alloy sheet is generated. A welding time of less than 5 s and no damage of the carbon fibers are important advantages of the process. Actually tensile shear strengths of about 30 MPa were achieved for the joints. By means of light microscopic and SEM investigations the bonding mechanisms can be described in detail. Possible application fields of such welds can be seen in the automotive or in the aircraft industry.
Nitric oxide reverses prednisolone‐induced inactivation of muscle satellite cells
Authors: Betters Jenna L. , Long Jodi H.D. , Howe Kathleen S. , Braith Randy W. , Soltow Quinlyn A. , Lira Vitor A. , Criswell David S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractLong‐term corticosteroid therapy causes myopathy and can inhibit regeneration of skeletal muscle. Therefore, we hypothesized that corticosteroid exposure reduces satellite cell activity in skeletal myofibers. Male Swiss–Webster mice were injected daily for 8 weeks with prednisolone (GC) or vehicle (control). Single myofibers were isolated from the gastrocnemius, centrifuged to mechanically activate satellite cells, and maintained in culture for 48 h. Both constitutive nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms were reduced in muscle by GC treatment (nNOS: −30%, eNOS: −34%). Fewer myogenic (myoD+) cells emanated from GC myofibers compared to control (−61%, P < 0.05). Supplementation of culture media with the nitric oxide donor, diethylenetriamine NONOate (DETA‐NO; 5–50 μM), caused a dose‐dependent increase in the number of myoD+ cells arising from both control and GC myofibers (P < 0.05), and 10 and 50 μM DETA‐NO eliminated the GC‐induced deficit in myogenic cells (P > 0.05). Therefore, supplementation of GC myofibers with DETA‐NO restores satellite cell activity to control levels. Nitric oxide production could be an important therapeutic target for the prevention of corticosteroid myopathy. Muscle Nerve, 2007
A case of multiple metastasis in Late Holocene hunter‐gatherers from the Argentine Pampean region
Authors: Luna L. H. , Aranda C. M. , Bosio L. A. , Beron M. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractChenque I site is a prehistoric cemetery located in Lihué Calel National Park (La Pampa province) in the Western Pampean region of Argentina. Hunter‐gatherer societies made use of this site during the Final Late Holocene for at least 700 years (1030–370 BP). Currently 41 burial structures have been excavated, and more than 150 individuals have been recovered. There is great variability in mortuary patterns at the site (simple, multiple, primary, secondary burials, and also a variant not previously observed in the region).The life‐ways of this population have been investigated through the evaluation of several biological and cultural factors. Several pathological conditions have also been identified in this cemetery. Burial no. 12 contains a skeleton of an adult male that shows multiple pathological lesions, compatible with a neoplastic disease. These lesions have been analysed using several methodological strategies: macroscopic, radiological and microscopic. This is the first time that this kind of disease has been identified from a prehistoric burial in Argentina.In this paper the location and characteristics of the lesions are evaluated, and the different neoplastic diseases that could have produced them are discussed. Since the people buried in this cemetery belonged to highly mobile societies, a key issue is to infer the consequences that this disease would have had on the dynamics of the group in which this person lived, because of the gradual deterioration of his health and physical strength. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Flavopiridol displays preclinical activity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jackman Kelly M. , Frye Carole B. , Hunger Stephen P. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractBackgroundNew agents are needed for treatment of children with relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Based on altered expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins, including frequent p16 (INK4A) and p15 (INK4B) deletions, flavopiridol (FP; Alvocidib) is an attractive agent for relapsed ALL.ProcedureWe evaluated the efficacy of FP in ALL cell lines using cell proliferation assays, determined the effects of FP treatment on cell growth and viability in cell lines and patient samples, examined cell cycle kinetics, and evaluated the effect of FP on endogenous cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) activity, Mcl‐1 expression, and RNA polymerase II expression and phosphorylation.ResultsALL cell lines are sensitive to FP. At lower concentrations, FP induces transient G1‐S cell cycle arrest and modest levels of apoptosis in cell lines. In contrast, a sustained G1‐S and G2‐M arrest and substantial apoptosis are observed following exposure to higher FP concentrations. After treatment with FP, ALL cell lines have decreased expression of retinoblastoma protein phosphorylated at serines 795 and 807/811, indicating reduced CDK activity. We also show that ALL cell lines are sensitive to clinically achievable concentrations of FP in medium supplemented with human serum and that FP reduces the expression of Mcl‐1 and phosphorylated forms of the C‐terminal domain of RNA polymerase II. FP also increases cell death by approximately twofold over baseline in primary ALL blasts.ConclusionsThese data provide a biological rationale for testing FP in relapsed ALL. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:772–778. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fetal arterial and venous Doppler pulsatility index and time averaged velocity ranges
Authors: Parra‐Cordero M. , Lees C. , Missfelder‐Lobos H. , Seed P. , Harris C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the fetal arterial and venous Doppler pulsatility index and time averaged velocity ranges for women undergoing third trimester ultrasound.MethodsOne hundred and seventy‐two women with singleton pregnancy and clinical indication underwent biometry and fetal Doppler assessment at 23 to 41 weeks. Umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery, thoracic aorta and ductus venosus pulsatility index and time averaged velocity measurements were performed and corrected statistically based on the distribution of estimated fetal weight at the time of the scan.ResultsThe tables and figures of the several vessels published in this study are broadly comparable to other publications and unlike others, are adjusted for the estimated fetal weight distribution.ConclusionsWe present the values of the commonly measured Doppler indices in fetuses with normal growth at the time of scan. The ranges, therefore, have potential utility in the setting where referrals to a fetal assessment unit are made. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.