bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Community Education for Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Zafar Nadia , Wolf Andrea B , Kepniss Julia L , Teal Ashley C , Brem Rachel F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objective
Screening based on individual risk factors results in detection of earlier, more curable breast cancer. There is expectation that improved public education about the importance of personalized screening will result in earlier diagnoses and reduced breast cancer mortality. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of community education on patient perceptions about risk-based screening.

Methods
This study is Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act–compliant and institutional review board exempt. A standardized curriculum was used by radiologists and experts to conduct nine 1-hour patient education sessions between October 2018 and January 2019 about breast cancer risk factors and screening options. Patient participants completed voluntary, anonymous pre-event and post event surveys to determine if the presented educational program led to attitude changes. Survey results were summarized using statistical analysis including mean, median, range, and percentage of participants responding and comparison of pre- and post event fear and anxiety.

Results
Of 336 education session participants, 59.5% (200/336) completed the pre-event and 44.3% (149/336) completed the post event surveys, Respondents reported decreased anxiety and fear regarding breast cancer screening following educational sessions, with 36.1% (64/178) reporting anxiety pre-event compared to 23.3% (31/133) post event, although the difference was not statistically significant (P = .96). Additionally, 64.7% (55/85) of participants stated they were more likely to schedule breast cancer screening based on individual risk factors, and 98.0% (145/148) of participants reported increased knowledge on post event surveys.

Conclusion
This study demonstrates the importance and effectiveness of community-based educational programs in increasing knowledge of risk-based screening and potentially reducing anxiety related to screening.
The notion of ‘authorship’ under EU law—who can be an author and what makes one an author? An analysis of the legislative framework and case law
Authors: Fritz Johannes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The question of who an author can be, and what makes one an author, has once again come to the fore with the rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Such a concept, in particular the requirements of authorship, is not defined in the European Union (EU) legislation though. Additionally, no referral regarding the notion of authorship has yet reached the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). This article analyses the legislation and case law of the CJEU to identify the elements needed for defining ‘authorship’. The analysis of international copyright law and the EU legislation shows that an author must generally be a human. Examining existing CJEU case law further provides indications of what makes someone an author. The creator must (i) exercise their creative freedom by monitoring and executing the preparation, realization and finalization of the work and (ii) express their creative act with a general authorial intent. Ultimately, the article attempts to rationalize these findings to advance its own definition. Accordingly, it is shown that an author is a human who, at least to a specific extent, is exercising a subjective judgment in the composition of a work and has control of its execution. This definition has the advantage of including objective and subjective criteria, allowing the assessment of cases involving multiple authors and technical aids. Regarding AI, it helps to clarify the level and type of human involvement required for an output to be considered a work of human authorship and therefore be potentially protected by copyright.
Communication and sexual function and frequency in breast cancer patients 2 years after diagnosis: results from the VICAN 2 study
Authors: Almont Thierry , Sougué Prisca Ouowéné , Houpert Rémi , Beaubrun-Renard Murielle , Montabord Christelle , Joachim Clarisse , Véronique-Baudin Jacqueline , Bouhnik Anne-Déborah , Bendiane Marc-Karim , Mancini Julien , Huyghe Éric 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Breast cancer treatments may have impacts on several aspects of sexual health, including psychological, psychosexual, physiological, physical, and relational.

Aim
In this study we sought to assess sexual function and sexual frequency in breast cancer patients 2 years after diagnosis.

Methods
We selected all breast cancer participants from the the French national VIe après le CANcer 2 (VICAN 2) longitudinal study. Data sources included patient and medical questionnaires, along with medico-administrative databases.

Outcomes
Outcomes assessed were the dimensions of sexual function and frequency from the Relationship and Sexuality Scale and communication about sexuality with healthcare providers.

Results
Out of 1350 participating women, 60.2% experienced a decrease in sexual desire, 61.4% reported a lower frequency of intercourse, and 49.5% faced decreased ability to orgasm. In contrast, 64.8% had engaged in sexual intercourse in the previous 2 weeks, 89.5% were “Somewhat” to “Very much” satisfied with the frequency of intimate touching and kisses with their partner, and 81.6% expressed satisfaction with their intercourse frequency. However, a mere 15% of women discussed sexuality with the healthcare providers. Independent factors associated with increased communication about sexuality included age younger than 50 years (OR = 1.90 95% CI [1.28–2.82], P = .001), being in a partner relationship (OR = 2.53 95% CI [1.28–2.82], P = .003), monthly income above 1,500 euros (OR = 1.73 95% CI [1.15–2.60], P = .009), and absence of diabetes (OR = 6.11 95% CI [1.39–26.93], P = .017).

Clinical Translation
The study findings underscore the need for continuing education in oncosexology and dedicated sexual health interventions that should involve a holistic approach that takes into consideration age, treatments, relationship status, and whether the patient has diabetes.

Strengths and Limitations
Strengths of the study are the sample size, the national representativeness, and data reliability. However, the cross-sectional design could introduce potential recall, recency, or social desirability biases. Also, social determinants influencing sexual health, such as ethnicity or geographic locations, have not been considered in the analyses.

Conclusions
This study revealed that sexual disorders persist 2 years after a breast cancer diagnosis, with a noticeable communication gap regarding sexuality between patients and medical teams. These findings underscore the necessity for tailored sexual health interventions, particularly designed for women who are single, older aged, and diabetes patients.
Fitness Effects of Phenotypic Mutations at Proteome-Scale Reveal Optimality of Translation Machinery
Authors: Landerer Cedric , Poehls Jonas , Toth-Petroczy Agnes 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Errors in protein translation can lead to non-genetic, phenotypic mutations, including amino acid misincorporations. While phenotypic mutations can increase protein diversity, the systematic characterization of their proteome-wide frequencies and their evolutionary impact has been lacking. Here, we developed a mechanistic model of translation errors to investigate how selection acts on protein populations produced by amino acid misincorporations. We fitted the model to empirical observations of misincorporations obtained from over a hundred mass spectrometry datasets of E. coli and S. cerevisiae. We found that on average 20% to 23% of proteins synthesized in the cell are expected to harbor at least one amino acid misincorporation, and that deleterious misincorporations are less likely to occur. Combining misincorporation probabilities and the estimated fitness effects of amino acid substitutions in a population genetics framework, we found 74% of mistranslation events in E. coli and 94% in S. cerevisiae to be neutral. We further show that the set of available synonymous tRNAs is subject to evolutionary pressure, as the presence of missing tRNAs would increase codon–anticodon cross-reactivity and misincorporation error rates. Overall, we find that the translation machinery is likely optimal in E. coli and S. cerevisiae and that both local solutions at the level of codons and a global solution such as the tRNA pool can mitigate the impact of translation errors. We provide a framework to study the evolutionary impact of codon-specific translation errors and a method for their proteome-wide detection across organisms and conditions.
Secreted clusterin inhibits tumorigenesis by modulating tumor cells and macrophages in human meningioma
Authors: Ke Chao , Huang Boya , Xiang Jian , Liang Jinlian , Wu Guangjie , Qiu Minghui , Cheng Kai , Mao Lipeng , Lei Wen , Hu Yang , Tang Xiaogen , Tian Yizhen , Chen Guobing , Luo Oscar Junhong , Zhang Hongyi 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Meningioma is the most common primary intracranial tumor with a high frequency of postoperative recurrence, yet the biology of the meningioma malignancy process is still obscure.

Methods
To identify potential therapeutic targets and tumor suppressors, we performed single-cell transcriptome analysis through meningioma malignancy, which included 18 samples spanning normal meninges, benign and high-grade in situ tumors, and lung metastases, for extensive transcriptome characterization. Tumor suppressor candidate gene and molecular mechanism were functionally validated at the animal model and cellular levels.

Results
Comprehensive analysis and validation in mice and clinical cohorts indicated clusterin (CLU) had suppressive function for meningioma tumorigenesis and malignancy by inducing mitochondria damage and triggering type 1 interferon pathway dependent on its secreted isoform, and the inhibition effect was enhanced by TNFα as TNFα also induced type 1 interferon pathway. Meanwhile, both intra- and extracellular CLU overexpression enhanced macrophage polarization towards M1 phenotype and TNFα production, thus promoting tumor killing and phagocytosis.

Conclusions
CLU might be a key brake of meningioma malignance by synchronously modulating tumor cells and their microenvironment. Our work provides comprehensive insights into meningioma malignancy and a potential therapeutic strategy.
The chemical and biological characteristics of fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids
Authors: Zhu Shuang , He Yuan , Lei Jing-Nan , Liu Yuan-Fa , Xu Yong-Jiang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
With the continuous advancements in detection methods and the exploration of unknown substances, an increasing number of bioactive compounds are being discovered. Fatty acid esters of hydroxyl fatty acids (FAHFAs), a class of endogenous lipids found in 2014, exhibit various physiological activities, such as improving glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, stimulating insulin secretion, and demonstrating broad anti-inflammatory effects. Moreover, some FAHFAs are closely linked to intestinal health and can serve as potential biomarkers for gut health. Various FAHFAs have been observed in food, including palmitic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (PAHSA), oleic acid esters of hydroxy stearic acids (OAHSA), linoleic acid esters of hydroxy linoleic acid (LAHLA). As a type of lipid regularly consumed in the daily diet, it is highly important to ascertain the types and quantities of FAHFAs present in the diet. This article, based on existing research, provides a review of the analysis methods for FAHFAs, particularly focusing on the separation of chiral isomers. It also summarizes the sources and contents of dietary FAHFAs, emphasizing their bioavailability and impact on the gut. Understanding the beneficial effects of these lipids in the diet can serve as a valuable reference for the development of specific functional foods.
A Pilot Investigation of the Association Between Vpr Amino Acid Substitutions and Peripheral Immune Marker Levels in People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Implications for Neurocognitive Impairment
Authors: Asia Levanco K , Van Vuren Esmé Jansen , Kruger Iolanthé M , Williams Monray E 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Subtype-specific amino acid variations in viral proteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) influence disease progression. Furthermore, Vpr sequence variation correlates with chronic inflammation, a central mechanism in HIV-1 (neuro)pathogenesis. Nevertheless, no clinical study has investigated the link between Vpr sequence variation and peripheral inflammation in people with HIV (PWH). The aim of this pilot study was to ascertain whether specific Vpr amino acid variants were associated with immune markers in PWH.

Methods
We included a unique cohort of 48 treatment-naive South African PWH to determine the association between blood-derived Vpr sequence variation and peripheral immune marker levels using Sanger sequencing and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis, respectively.

Results
Our findings indicate that among the many neuropathogenic Vpr amino acid variants and immune markers examined, after applying Bonferroni corrections (P = .05/3) and adjusting for sex and locality, soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (suPAR) was nearing significance for higher levels in participants with the G41 amino acid variant compared to those with the S41 variant (P = .035). Furthermore, amino acid variations at position 41 (between G41 and S41) exhibited a significant association with suPAR (adjusted R2 = 0.089, β = .386 [95% confidence interval, .125–3.251]; P = .035).

Conclusions
These findings suggest that Vpr amino acid sequence variations might contribute to dysregulated inflammation, which could explain the observed association between specific Vpr variants and HIV-1 (neuro)pathogenesis found in prior research. These Vpr variants merit further investigation to fully understand their roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis and neuropathogenesis.
Model of a “Warm Corona” as the origin of the soft X-ray excess of active galactic nuclei
Authors: Kawanaka Norita , Mineshige Shin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The soft X-ray excess in the spectra of active galactic nuclei is characterized by similar electron temperatures of 0.1–0.3 keV and similar photon indices around 2.2–3, if fitted with inverse Comptonization. It remains a puzzle why both values are not sensitive to the black hole mass nor the accretion rate. Supposing that the scattering-dominated surface layer of an accretion disk can act as a warm corona, we construct a vertical one-zone model to understand what determines its temperature. By solving the equations of (1) the condition for the effective optical depth, (2) the energy balance, and (3) the dominance of the Compton cooling over the bound–free cooling, we could reproduce the basic observational features of the soft excess, provided that anomalous heating (excess heating other than what is expected by local energy dissipation) takes place in the warm corona in agreement with similar studies done so far. The similar temperatures can be understood, since both the anomalous heating and Compton cooling rates are proportional to the dissipation rate of the accretion energy, while similar photon indices are a natural consequence of the fact that observed photons are finally emitted from the layer of Compton y ∼ 1. The soft excess is not observed in black hole binaries, since disk temperatures are too high for the Compton scattering to work as cooling. The derived temperatures are somewhat of an underestimation, however. This may indicate a necessity of multi-zone corona structure. The stability of the warm corona and its consequences are briefly discussed.
Are many sex/gender differences really power differences?
Authors: Galinsky Adam D , Turek Aurora , Agarwal Grusha , Anicich Eric M , Rucker Derek D , Bowles Hannah R , Liberman Nira , Levin Chloe , Magee Joe C 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This research addresses the long-standing debate about the determinants of sex/gender differences. Evolutionary theorists trace many sex/gender differences back to natural selection and sex-specific adaptations. Sociocultural and biosocial theorists, in contrast, emphasize how societal roles and social power contribute to sex/gender differences beyond any biological distinctions. By connecting two empirical advances over the past two decades—6-fold increases in sex/gender difference meta-analyses and in experiments conducted on the psychological effects of power—the current research offers a novel empirical examination of whether power differences play an explanatory role in sex/gender differences. Our analyses assessed whether experimental manipulations of power and sex/gender differences produce similar psychological and behavioral effects. We first identified 59 findings from published experiments on power. We then conducted a P-curve of the experimental power literature and established that it contained evidential value. We next subsumed these effects of power into 11 broad categories and compared them to 102 similar meta-analytic sex/gender differences. We found that high-power individuals and men generally display higher agency, lower communion, more positive self-evaluations, and similar cognitive processes. Overall, 71% (72/102) of the sex/gender differences were consistent with the effects of experimental power differences, whereas only 8% (8/102) were opposite, representing a 9:1 ratio of consistent-to-inconsistent effects. We also tested for discriminant validity by analyzing whether power corresponds more strongly to sex/gender differences than extraversion: although extraversion correlates with power, it has different relationships with sex/gender differences. These results offer novel evidence that many sex/gender differences may be explained, in part, by power differences.
How the duty to report prevents reporting and reinforces silence around sexual harassment within the police
Authors: Lundgren Silje , Wieslander Malin 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Sworn police officers have a duty to report any legal offence that comes to their attention, and refraining from reporting constitutes misconduct. This article discusses the implications of the duty to report for handling sexual harassment within the Swedish police force. The discussion is based on interviews with police officers and on testimonies from the 2017 #metoo call from Swedish police. We show that the duty to report contributes to silence about experiences of sexual harassment, since reporting might initiate a legal process and break ‘the blue code of silence’. The duty to report implies an approach to sexual harassment along a criminal logic, focusing on legal classification, documentation of proof, and witness tampering. This criminal logic individualizes sexual harassment, raises the bar for what is interpreted as harassment, and closes off alternative approaches to prevent organizational factors that enable harassment.
Pain is common in myositis and associated with disease activity
Authors: Chandrasekhara Pillai Anjana , Bijoy George Tissa , Dianxu Ren , Mogadham-Kia Siamak , Oddis Chester V , Keret Shiri , Aggarwal Rohit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Understanding pain in myositis remains challenging. This study aimed to assess patient-reported pain and its correlation with myositis core set measures (CSMs), patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and functional measures.

Methods
Fifty subjects underwent baseline, 3-month and 6-month assessments, evaluating myositis CSMs, functional measures and PROs. Pain was measured using three methods: (i) a 10-cm visual analogue scale, (ii) the pain score from the HAQ Disability Index and (iii) the Short Form 36 survey pain questions. Correlations between disease activity measures and pain were examined at baseline, and changes in both were assessed at 6 months, along with longitudinal change of pain. The change in pain was also correlated with the published 2016 ACR/EULAR myositis response criteria, physician/patient’s assessment of change.

Results
Nearly half of patients (45%) reported moderate to severe pain in all three pain scales, with higher severity of pain in PM/necrotizing myopathy subset. At baseline, pain severity showed a strong correlation with most CSMs, PROs and functional outcomes in all three pain scales, and similar trends were noted for change in pain at the 6 months. On longitudinal analysis, the physical function scores and fatigue showed strong correlation with pain. Pain improved in myositis patients with improvement in disease activity over time.

Conclusions
Pain is common in myositis and is associated with multiple measures of disease activity, PROs and functional outcomes in myositis. Most importantly pain improves with improvement in disease activity. SF-36 pain questions have good psychometric properties.
Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Rates of Violence During First-Episode Psychosis (FEP)
Authors: Youn Sarah , Guadagno Belinda L , Byrne Linda K , Watson Amity E , Murrihy Sean , Cotton Sue M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Background
Most people with psychotic disorders will never commit an act of violence. However, the risk of violence committed by people with schizophrenia is higher than the general population. Violence risk is also known to be highest during the first episode of psychosis compared to later stages of illness. Despite this, there have been no comprehensive reviews conducted in the past 10 years examining rates of violence during FEP. We aimed to provide an updated review of the rate of violence in people with FEP.

Study Design
Meta-analytical techniques were used to identify pooled proportions of violence according to severity (less serious, serious, severe) and timing of violence (before presentation, at first presentation, after presentation to services).

Study Results
Twenty-two studies were included. The pooled prevalence was 13.4% (95% CI [9.0%–19.5%]) for any violence, 16.3% (95% CI [9.1%–27.4%]) for less serious violence, 9.7% (95% CI [5.4%–17.0%]) for serious violence and 2.7% for severe violence, regardless of time point. The pooled prevalence of any violence was 11.6% (95% CI [6.8%–18.9%]) before presentation, 20.8% (95% CI [9.8%–38.7%]) at first presentation and 13.3% (95% CI [7.3%–23.0%]) after presentation to services.

Conclusion
Overall, rates of violence appear to be lower in more recent years. However, due to the high between-study heterogeneity related to study design, the findings must be interpreted with consideration of sample characteristics and other contextual factors. The prevalence of violence remained high at all-time points, suggesting that more targeted, holistic, and early interventions are needed for clinical FEP groups.