bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal quantitative MR imaging of cartilage morphology in the presence of gadopentetate dimeglumine (Gd‐DTPA)
Authors: Eckstein Felix , Wyman Bradley T. , Buck Robert J. , Wirth Wolfgang , Maschek Susanne , Hudelmaier Martin , Hellio Le Graverand Marie‐Pierre 
Published: February 2009

AbstractMRI‐based cartilage morphometry can monitor cartilage loss in osteoarthritis. Intravenous Gd‐DTPA injection is needed for compositional (proteoglycan) cartilage imaging with delayed gadolinium enhanced MRI (dGEMRIC). However, longitudinal changes of cartilage morphology have not been compared in the presence and absence of Gd‐DTPA. Baseline and 2‐year follow‐up images were acquired in 41 female participants with definite medial radiographic osteoarthritis, both before and 2 h after Gd‐DTPA injection, and cartilage thickness was measured. In the absence of Gd‐DTPA, a 2.6% reduction in cartilage thickness was observed between baseline and follow‐up in the central subregion of the medial femorotibial compartment (standardized response mean [SRM] = −0.33; P < 0.05), but only a 0.7% reduction (SRM = −0.10; P = 0.51) in the presence of Gd‐DTPA. The findings suggest that morphometric cartilage measurement in the presence of Gd‐DTPA needs to undergo further validation, before one can recommend longitudinal dGEMRIC and morphological cartilage imaging to be performed in a single session. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Compliance with immunizations in splenectomized individuals with hereditary spherocytosis
Authors: Grace Rachael F. , Mednick Rachel E. , Neufeld Ellis J. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractOverwhelming infection by encapsulated bacteria is a significant risk of splenectomy. Strict adherence to immunizations against encapsulated organisms is recommended. We performed a cross‐sectional study to determine immunization status after splenectomy in the hereditary spherocytosis (HS) population. As HS is most often autosomal dominant, we used a strategy of ascertaining older affected individuals by expanding pedigrees from patients in our pediatric hematology center. Only 26% of asplenic patients reported receiving all recommended post‐splenectomy vaccines. This study demonstrates that pediatric hematology clinics have a unique opportunity to provide or recommend catch‐up and booster vaccinations to splenectomized adult relatives of their patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:865–867. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Plant phosphoproteomics: An update
Authors: Kersten Birgit , Agrawal Ganesh Kumar , Durek Pawel , Neigenfind Jost , Schulze Waltraud , Walther Dirk , Rakwal Randeep 
Published: February 2009

AbstractPhosphoproteomics involves identification of phosphoproteins, precise mapping, and quantification of phosphorylation sites, and eventually, revealing their biological function. In plants, several systematic phosphoproteomic analyses have recently been performed to optimizein vitroandin vivotechnologies to reveal components of the phosphoproteome. The discovery of novel substrates for specific protein kinases is also an important issue. Development of a new tool has enabled rapid identification of potential kinase substrates such as kinase assays using plant protein microarrays. Progress has also been made in quantitative and dynamic analysis of mapped phosphorylation sites. Increased quantity of experimentally verified phosphorylation sites in plants has prompted the creation of dedicated web‐resources for plant‐specific phosphoproteomics data. This resulted in development of computational prediction methods yielding significantly improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of phosphorylation sites in plants when compared to methods trained on less plant‐specific data. In this review, we present an update on phosphoproteomic studies in plants and summarize the recent progress in the computational prediction of plant phosphorylation sites. The application of the experimental and computed results in understanding the phosphoproteomic networks of cellular and metabolic processes in plants is discussed. This is a continuation of our comprehensive review series on plant phosphoproteomics.
White light generation through yellow nanophosphor and blue organic light‐emitting diode
Authors: Park Je Hong , Jang Nak Won , Kim Jong Su , Jeong Yong Seok 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWhite light‐emitting device (WLED) combining yellow‐emitting nanophosphor and blue organic light‐emitting diode (LED) was developed. WLED was fabricated by using a spin‐coating method. Yellow‐emitting nanophosphor was dispersed in the blue‐emitting polymer solution for spin‐coating. As a variation of mixture ratio of yellow‐emitting nanophosphor and blue‐emitting polymer in emitting layer, the emission spectra were studied. Our white organic light‐emitting device with 30% phosphor mixture ratio and at the driving voltage of 17 V showed the color coordinates of x = 0.266 and y = 0.33. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Are AlN and GaN substrates useful for the growth of non‐polar nitride films for UV emission? The oscillator strength perspective
Authors: Bhattacharyya Jayeeta , Ghosh Sandip , Grahn Holger T. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe authors present results of a perturbation theory study of the effect of strain on the oscillator strengths of interband transitions in wurtzite group‐III‐nitride films suitable for ultraviolet light emission applications. Ternary alloy films are investigated, which can be pseudomorphically grown on GaN and AlN substrates with nonpolar M ‐plane (1$ \bar 1 $00) and A ‐plane (11$ \bar 2 $0) orientations. Valence band mixing, induced by the anisotropic in‐plane strain that arises in these films, can have a dramatic influence on the optical polarization properties of the transitions. An increased efficiency of light emission in the 0.21 μm to 0.25 μm spectral range is best achieved using AlN substrates, on which both Al1–x Gax N and Al1–x Inx N films experience compressive strain. On GaN substrates, Al1–x Gax N films experience tensile strain and will exhibit poor light emission efficiency. However Al1–x Inx N films on GaN substrates can emit light efficiently in the 0.3 μm to 0.36 μm spectral range. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Activation energy of Mg in a ‐plane Ga1–xInx N (0 < x < 0.17)
Authors: Iida Daisuke , Iwaya Motoaki , Kamiyama Satoshi , Amano Hiroshi , Akasaki Isamu 
Published: February 2009

AbstractWe investigated the electrical properties of Mg‐doped Ga1–x Inx N grown on an a ‐plane template. High‐hole‐concentration p‐type Mg‐doped Ga1–x Inx N films with an InN molar fraction of 0.17 were fabricated on sidewall‐epitaxial‐lateral overgrown a ‐plane GaN grown on an r ‐plane sapphire substrate by MOVPE. Variable‐temperature Hall effect measurement showed that a maximum hole concentration of 1.4 × 1019 cm–3 for x = 0.17 was reproducibly achieved at room temperature. The activation energy of Mg acceptors in Mg‐doped a ‐plane Ga0.83In0.17N was found to be as low as 48 meV. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nuclear Factor I Isoforms Regulate Gene Expression During the Differentiation of Human Neural Progenitors to Astrocytes
Authors: Wilczynska Katarzyna M. , Singh Sandeep K. , Adams Bret , Bryan Lauren , Rao Raj R. , Valerie Kristoffer , Wright Sarah , Griswold-Prenner Irene , Kordula Tomasz 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
Even though astrocytes are critical for both normal brain functions and the development and progression of neuropathological states, including neuroinflammation associated with neurodegenerative diseases, the mechanisms controlling gene expression during astrocyte differentiation are poorly understood. Thus far, several signaling pathways were shown to regulate astrocyte differentiation, including JAK-STAT, bone morphogenic protein-2/Smads, and Notch. More recently, a family of nuclear factor-1 (NFI-A, -B, -C, and -X) was implicated in the regulation of vertebral neocortex development, with NFI-A and -B controlling the onset of gliogenesis. Here, we developed an in vitro model of differentiation of stem cells towards neural progenitors (NP) and subsequently astrocytes. The transition from stem cells to progenitors was accompanied by an expected change in the expression profile of markers, including Sox-2, Musashi-1, and Oct4. Subsequently, generated astrocytes were characterized by proper morphology, increased glutamate uptake, and marker gene expression. We used this in vitro differentiation model to study the expression and functions of NFIs. Interestingly, stem cells expressed only background levels of NFIs, while differentiation to NP activated the expression of NFI-A. More importantly, NFI-X expression was induced during the later stages of differentiation towards astrocytes. In addition, NFI-X and -C were required for the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and secreted protein acidic and rich in cystein-like protein 1, which are the markers of astrocytes at the later stages of differentiation. We conclude that an expression program of NFIs is executed during the differentiation of astrocytes, with NFI-X and -C controlling the expression of astrocytic markers at late stages of differentiation.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Thickness measurement of coated Ni on brass plate using Kα/Kβ ratio by XRF spectrometry
Authors: Karimi Minoo , Amiri Nayereh , Tabbakh Shabani Amir Ali 
Published: February 2009

AbstractRelative intensity of Cu and Ni K lines in the x‐ray spectrum of brass plates coated with Ni of different thicknesses was measured by X‐Ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectrometry. The obtained results show that relative intensities, Kα/Kβ, of Cu and Ni K lines are increasing functions of Ni layer thickness. Thereby, these relative intensities can be used to measure the thickness of Ni layer on brass plate in the range of fractions of one to several micrometers. This method can also be used to measure the thickness of other coating materials. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A quantitative assessment of gene expression (QAGE) reveals differential overexpression of DOPEY2, a candidate gene for mental retardation, in Down syndrome brain regions
Authors: Rachidi Mohammed , Delezoide Anne‐Lize , Delabar Jean‐Maurice , Lopes Carmela 
Published: February 2009

AbstractThe brain alterations and mental retardation in Down syndrome are associated with overdosage of chromosome 21 genes. To shed light on the understanding of the molecular effect of this genetic overdosage, gene expression studies have crucial importance to quantify expression variations in Down syndrome tissues compared to normal ones. Herein, an in situ Quantitative Assessment of Gene Expression (QAGE) was used to quantify and statistically analyze, for the first time, DOPEY2 expression variations in different regions of the Down syndrome human fetal brains and to compare them to corresponding normal brains. DOPEY2, which is localized in the Down Syndrome Critical Region (DSCR) and is a candidate gene for neurological alterations in Down syndrome, showed a delimited regional and cellular expression pattern in the cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, characterized by different transcriptional intensities in both normal and trisomic brains. DOPEY2 is overexpressed more than 50% (1.79‐, 1.97‐ and 2.12‐folds in the cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, respectively), and showed statistically significant differences in the overexpression ratios in the three brain regions expressing DOPEY2. The demonstration of differential DOPEY2 expression and overexpression in human fetal brains suggests that this gene is submitted to a complex transcriptional control and could depend from other human chromosome 21 genes. Moreover, DOPEY2 overexpression in the brain regions, that are altered in Down syndrome patients and involved in learning and memory processes, is in agreement to the hypothesis that this gene plays a potential role in functional brain alterations and in the pathogenesis of mental retardation in Down syndrome. This new in situ QAGE approach allowed quantitative measurements of transcriptional changes and statistical evaluations of the expression and overexpression patterns of DOPEY2 at specific regions of the brain, which is a complementary approach to qRT‐PCR and microarray for transcriptome study. Moreover, this approach could be a powerful tool to study the candidate chromosome 21 genes for Down syndrome and other pathologies caused by regionalized quantitative transcriptional alterations, for greater interpretation of functional processes driving gene expression.
Re-examining the Impact of the 1950 Marriage Law: State Improvisation, Local Initiative and Rural Family Change
Authors: Diamant Neil J. 
Published: February 2009

Many peasants misunderstand the Marriage Law. They blindly emphasize that the Marriage Law “liberated” them. This is the case for some women in particular, who have become very unconventional and dissolute in their sexual relations. They have several partners at once, and often switch among them, choosing whichever man appeals to them on that particular day. They also recklessly flirt with many men.We [provincial authorities] demand the basic-level cadres desist from monitoring adultery and sex, forcing confessions, humiliating and tying people up, hanging, beating, and organizing struggle sessions [against women seeking divorce].
Patterns of China's Regional Development Strategy
Authors: Yang Dali 
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this article is to compare and contrast China's approaches to regional industrial development in the Maoist and post-Mao periods. By focusing on patterns of investment and regional shares of gross value of industrial output (GVIO), this article will argue that China's regional industrialization strategy has changed to one of uneven regional growth in the post-Mao period from the Maoist emphasis on eradicating regional industrial disparities through interior–orientated investments. In short, the post-Mao Chinese leadership has not only relaxed its Incantation of the Golden Hoop, or strait-jacket on the coastal region but has come to rely on the coastal region to provide the “engine of growth” for China's economic development.For the sake of simplicity, I will call the development strategy of the 1953–78 period the “Maoist development strategy.” Though it varied in degrees in different sub-periods, the Maoist strategy dominated China's industrialization efforts until it gradually faded out in the late 1970s. It relied on heavily redistributive measures in an attempt to equalize regional economic development, emphasized- Extensive rather than intensive modes of economic growth, and allowed no foreign direct investment in China.In contrast, the post-Mao Chinese leadership has gradually, but decidedly, reversed the Maoist model and come to adopt a new development strategy. This new strategy, which, for lack of a better term, I shall call the “uneven development strategy,” represents another attempt to bring China out of economic backwardness. Focusing on economic results, the new strategy emphasizes regional comparative advantage, accepts regional disparities as inevitable, encourages foreign investment and international interaction, and seeks to foster technological innovation.
Introduction: The Future of Chinese Law
Authors: Lubman Stanley 
Published: February 2009

The interaction between the millennial dominant orientations of Chinese culture and the entire impact of modernization and of Marxism-Leninism is a story that is unfolding before our eyes, and we have no neat formula for predicting its outcomeBy focusing on legal reforms this Special Issue ofThe China Quarterlydraws attention to a group of institutions whose fate is crucial for China's future. The economic reforms that have transformed China since the late 1970s are generating new institutions and transactions that demand legal definition. The surge of foreign direct investment that has made China the world's largest capital-importing country makes necessary further development of the legal framework for foreign trade and investment. More-over, forces broader and needs deeper than those produced by economic development will also help to impel Chinese law reforms.When the Chinese leadership turned its attention to creating a legal order after the end of the Cultural Revolution, one of its expressed concerns was to reduce official arbitrariness. Even though the totalitarian grip of the Chinese Communist Party has weakened since then, concerns about arbitrariness are no less and can only increase. Furthermore, if China is to cope with the many problems that are by-products of economic reform, including a decline in social order, spreading corruption and a general crisis of values, it will need strong legal institutions and a legal culture that promotes the rule of law. The rule of law has become an issue for many more Chinese than just their leaders or intellectuals.
America's China Policy in the Age of the Finance Minister: Clinton Ends Linkage
Authors: Lampton David M. 
Published: February 2009

It turned out that MFN was useful as a tool only to bludgeon George Bush. Democratic Staff Member in the House of RepresentativesPresident Clinton's determination to put economic policy at the heart of our foreign policy is evident in the areas where we have succeeded…. Secretary of State Warren ChristopherIn Asia – excluding Japan – they will spend a trillion dollars in infrastructure of all types in the next decade. That's a Century Freeway every week…. I'm from Texas. I'm used to big. But it is difficult to comprehend how big that market is and how those economies are transforming. Secretary of Treasury Lloyd Bentsen speaking in California[President Clinton has] enmeshed himself in a web of his own spinning… If a politician always sets such deadlines, then he will only have his own hands and feet bound. Chinese Foreign Minister Qian QichenThe United States maintains a triple standard. For their own human rights problems they shut their eyes. For some other countries’ human rights questions they open one eye and shut the other. And for China, they open both eyes and stare. Chinese Finance Minister Liu ZhongliIn the end, economic interests won the day. It wasn't really even close…. This is the age of the Finance Minister. Thomas L. Friedman, journalist
Errorless practice as a possible adjuvant to donepezil in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: GONZALEZ ROTHI LESLIE J. , FULLER RENEE , LEON SUSAN A. , KENDALL DIANE , MOORE ANNA , WU SAMUEL S. , CROSSON BRUCE , HEILMAN KENNETH M. , NADEAU STEPHEN E. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractSix individuals with probable Alzheimer’s disease (AD) participated in a phase 1 study employing a repeated measures, parallel baseline design testing the hypothesis that error-free experience during word production practice combined with an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor would improve confrontation naming ability. While acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors are safe and delay cognition decline associated with AD, improvement over baseline cognition is less evident; clinically significant cognitive deficits persist and progress. Both animal and clinical research strongly implicate acetylcholine in learning, a form of neuroplasticity. In clinical practice, however, people with AD are given cholinergic medications without concomitant systematic/targeted retraining. In this study six participants with probable AD and taking donepezil participated in targeted word production practice using an errorless learning strategy. Results showed that combining behavioral enrichment training and an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor resulted in significant improvements in verbal confrontation naming of trained items for three of six participants. Differences in baseline dementia severity, living conditions, and medications may have influenced the training response. Detection of substantial treatment effects in 50% of subjects suggests further language treatment studies in AD in combination with an acetyl cholinesterase inhibitor are warranted and provide useful information on inclusion/exclusion criteria for use in subsequent studies. (JINS, 2009, 15, 311–322.)
Construct validity of the Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS) in a neurological sample
Authors: ALLISON BENDER H. , COLE JEFFREY R. , APONTE-SAMALOT MYRELIS , CRUZ-LAUREANO DANIEL , MYERS LORNA , VAZQUEZ BLANCA R. , BARR WILLIAM B. 
Published: February 2009

AbstractEpidemiological studies suggest that the Hispanic population is at increased risk for neurological disorders. Yet, few assessment measures have been developed for, adapted to, or normalized with Spanish-speakers. The Neuropsychological Screening Battery for Hispanics (NeSBHIS) was developed to address the lack of resources available to this underserved community. Although the NeSBHIS possesses robust construct validity and clinical utility in a community-based sample, these properties remain largely untested in neurological populations. One hundred and twenty-seven Spanish-speaking Hispanic patients with confirmed epilepsy (mean age = 37.8,SD= 13.3) were evaluated using the NeSBHIS. All participants self-identified as “Hispanic” and immigrated from Spanish-speaking countries. Data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis with thea prioriassumption that variables would load according to theoretical expectations reported by Pontón and colleagues (2000). The overall model fit indices were in the desired range: Comparative Fit Index = 0.936, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.915, RMSEA = 0.090, and SRMR = 0.069. All NeSBHIS subtests loaded significantly (p< .001) on their respective factors; the standardized loadings were high, ranging from 0.562 to 0.995, with the exception of Block Design (–0.308). Overall, findings suggest that the NeSBHIS has robust construct validity in a neurological sample. (JINS, 2009,15, 217–224.)
Essentials in Mentoring Clinical Skills in Stuttering Therapy
Authors: Rentschler Gary J. , Mosesso Angela 
Published: February 2009

Abstract
As a profession, there is need to teach, improve, and perpetuate the clinical skills of speech-language pathologists in the area of stuttering. There are different clinical education approaches to this goal which relate to the stage of the clinician’s maturation and development. Clinical supervision is the approach used commonly in graduate programs teaching new clinicians. Mentoring is another approach, perhaps more appropriate for learners already having mastered basic knowledge and clinical skills.
This paper discusses issues of learner knowledge, clinical skills, and values which underlie stuttering therapy. It offers a value-based mentoring approach applicable to educating clinicians interested in stuttering.
Homotopy perturbation method to obtain exact special solutions with solitary patterns for Boussinesq-like B(m,n) equations with fully nonlinear dispersion
Authors: Yıldırım Ahmet 
Published: February 2009

In this paper, we studied the Boussinesq-like equations with fully nonlinear dispersion B(m,n) equations which exhibit solutions with solitary patterns. New exact solitary solutions of the equations are found. The two special cases, B(2,2) and B(3,3), are chosen to illustrate the concrete scheme of the homotopy perturbation method in B(m,n) equations. The nonlinear equations B(m,n) are addressed for two different cases, namely when m=n being odd and even integers. General formulas for the solutions of B(m,n) equations are established.
This article is being retracted effective 20 September 2012.