bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heritability of NEO PI-R Extraversion Facets and Their Relationship With IQ
Authors: Pincombe Jennifer L. , Luciano Michelle , Martin Nicholas G. , Wright Margaret J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn recent years, there has been a renewed interest in the relationship between intelligence and personality. Extraversion, in particular, has been suggested to influence intelligence, but the direction of this relationship has been controversial (Wolf & Ackerman, 2005). In a young adult sample, the NEO PI-R was completed by 103 pairs of monozygotic twins, 181 pairs of dizygotic twins and 210 of their nontwin siblings. IQ data (Multidimensional Aptitude Battery) were available for approximately three quarters of this sample, and were collected at 16 years as part of an ongoing study of cognition conducted by the Queensland Institute of Medical Research. All extraversion facets were significantly influenced by genes with both additive and nonadditive genetic effects being important (heritabilities ranged from .25 for activity to .54 for warmth). While a significant correlation between the extraversion domain score and IQ was not found, the extraversion facet of excitement-seeking (E5) was significantly negatively correlated with both verbal (r= −.15) and performance (r= −.11) IQ scores. The facet of gregariousness was significantly correlated with verbal IQ only (r= −.09). The relationship between excitement-seeking and IQ was further shown to be solely due to additive genetic influences. These common genetic effects may stem from a dependence on brain dopamine, a neurotransmitter that has been implicated in both personality and cognition.
Estimation of the Stillbirth Rate in Twin Pairs According to Zygosity
Authors: Fellman Johan , Eriksson Aldur W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIt is common opinion that the stillbirth rate is higher among monozygotic (MZ) than among dizygotic (DZ) twins. This is supported by the fact that stillbirth rates are higher among same-sexed than among opposite-sexed twins, and the relatively high stillbirth rates among twins of young mothers. In this study we present a method to estimate the stillbirth rates for MZ and DZ twins and identify the difference. We performed analyses based on the assumptions of (a) Weinberg's differential rule, including the assumption that the secondary sex ratio is 100, (b) the stillbirth rates among opposite-sexed twins hold for all DZ twins, and (c) the stillbirth rates estimated for MZ and DZ male and female twins yield for both sexes the observed total number of stillborn twins. Our methods are applied to data from Sweden, 1869–1967, the Åland Islands, 1750–1949, Saxony, 1881–1900, and England and Wales, 1996–2003. We observed that the ratio between the estimated stillbirth rates among MZ and DZ twins were on average 1.75, and the ratio among same-sexed and DZ (opposite-sexed) twins were on average 1.31. For Sweden and Saxony similar values were obtained, but for England and Wales the values were higher and for Åland lower. With exception of Åland, the estimated stillbirth rates were in all populations the lowest for DZ, medium for same-sexed and highest for MZ twins.
The Effect of Plurality and Gestation on the Prevention or Postponement of Infant Mortality: 1989–1991 Versus 1999–2001
Authors: Luke Barbara , Brown Morton B. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAdvances in perinatal technology that improved survival may have also resulted in prolonged death from the neonatal to the postneonatal period for some infants. The objectives of this study were to determine if the medical advances that occurred in the 1990s benefited infants of multiple births more than their singleton counterparts, and if these changes prevented or postponed mortality for the smallest and most immature infants. The study population included live births of 22 to 43 weeks' gestation from the 1989–1991 and 1999–2001 US Birth Cohort Linked Birth/Infant Death Data Sets. Odds ratios were calculated to evaluate the change in risk by plurality, gestation, and to compare the change to that for singletons. Neonatal and infant mortality rates declined for all pluralities; postneonatal mortality increased for births at less than 26 weeks, but declined at later gestations. In general, the risk of death for twins and triplets compared to singletons decreased, and the improvement in survival was greater for multiples during the early neonatal period and overall. Infant mortality rates improved by 28% for singletons, 32% for twins and triplets during the 1990s, although for the most premature infants, some deaths were postponed from the early to the late neonatal period.
Neonatal Outcome of Second Twins Depending on Presentation and Mode of Delivery
Authors: Bjelic-Radisic Vesna , Pristauz Gunda , Haas Josef , Giuliani Albrecht , Tamussino Karl , Bader Arnim , Lang Uwe , Schlembach Dietmar 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOur objective was to examine the neonatal outcome of second twins depending on presentation and mode of delivery. Using a database we analyzed the short-term neonatal outcome in twin pregnancies offered a trial of labor with special emphasis on the second twin depending on presentation and mode of delivery. Neonatal outcome was evaluated by Apgar scores, umbilical cord blood pH values, and perinatal or neonatal morbidity and mortality. Overall, in 219 (78%) of 281 pregnancies successful vaginal birth (VB) of both twins (VB–VB) was possible, 48 (17%) women had to be delivered by cesarean section (CS) of both twins (CS–CS), and in 14 (5%) women the second twin had to be delivered by CS after VB of the first twin (VB–CS). Successful VB was most common for vertex-vertex (V/V; n = 171, 82%) and vertex-nonvertex (n = 48, 75%) presentation (V/NV). Twins delivered by VB–CS had the lowest values for pHart (p = .006) and pHven (p = .010). pHart less than or equal to 7.00 values occurred only in second twins delivered VB–VB or VB–CS. Lower Apgar scores of the second twin occurred more frequently in the VB–CS and in the VB–VB than in the CS–CS groups (ps < .05). Lower levels of pHart (p = .002) and frequency of pHart less than or equal to 7.00 occurred more often in nonvertex second twins than in vertex second twins (p < .022). The high CS rate in V/NV presentation and the significantly worse perinatal short-term outcome of NV second twins after VB of the first twin underline that randomized studies are necessary to evaluate the best delivery mode for V/NV twins.
Sports Pairs: Insights on Athletic Talent; Research Reviews: Twins with Leukemia; Parents and Twins
Authors: Segal Nancy L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwin research exploring genetic and environmental influences on athletic interests and talents is reviewed. Illustrative examples of twin athletes representing a variety of sports activities are presented. This is followed by an overview of twin studies offering critical insights into the onset and progress of leukemia. In the last section, timely events involving twins and parents of twins will be described — each case provides a new look at an old question.
Successful treatment of pure red cell aplasia with autologous stem cell transplantation
Authors: Park Jae H. , Spitzer Thomas , Kuter David J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWe report a case of 64‐year‐old patient with pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) who was intolerant of conventional immunosuppressive therapies but achieved a complete long‐term remission following autologous hematologic stem cell transplant (HSCT). The patient was initially treated with high‐dose prednisone, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, antithymocyte globulin, and then rituximab. With the exception of rituximab, all of the above regimens achieved a transient response. However, because of the persistent requirement for red blood cell transfusions and intolerance to the multiple immunosuppressive therapies, autologous HSCT was eventually performed. The patient remains in complete remission and on no other therapy for 36 months following the autologous HSCT. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Phenotypic plasticity and functional asymmetry in response to grip forces exerted by intercollegiate tennis players
Authors: Lucki Natasha C. , Nicolay Christopher W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThis study examined phenotypic and functional responses to extreme asymmetry in hand use, and recorded the grip forces that occur during the tennis serve to assess the forces that contribute to asymmetry. Compressive grip performance was measured for Division I collegiate tennis players (24 female, 24 male) and nonathlete college students (18 females, 17 males) during three experiments: single‐repetition maximum voluntary contraction, 30 consecutive repetitions, and a 30‐s static hold. Tennis players had significant asymmetry in both forearm circumference and grip strength. The dominant hand of female tennis players produced 25% more force than the opposite hand, while the difference between hands of male tennis players was 18%. However, endurance over 30‐repetitions and during the 30‐s hold did not significantly differ between the limbs of tennis players. No significant asymmetry in forearm measurements, grip strength, or endurance was detected between the limbs of nonathletes. Grip forces generated during the tennis serve were recorded for 4 male tennis players, using a racket with a dynamometer incorporated into the handle. Peak handgrip forces generated during the serve (150–250 N) averaged 31–44% of the maximum grip force of the participant. Tennis players have increased muscle mass and strength of the dominant limb. Moderate forces, occurring hundreds of times each match and practice, are likely the primary forces contributing to this morphological and functional asymmetry. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:566–577, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis and dietary contingency: Encephalization without aquatic constraint
Authors: Carlson Bryce A. , Kingston John D. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractReconstructing evolutionary processes in the distant past is necessarily an inductive endeavor, typically appealing to numerous considerations thought to be relevant to the veracity of a particular conclusion. In this respect, it is essential that the considerations invoked to support hypotheses are in turn well‐established truths. It is with these concerns that we sought to examine the nutritional, physiological, and archeological premises underlying the perspective that access to an aquatic diet rich in docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n‐3) was critical to human brain evolution (Carlson and Kingston [2007]: Am J Hum Biol 19:132–141). In our report investigating links between omega‐3 (n‐3) fatty acids and hominin encephalization, we concluded that the regular consumption of aquatic resources rich in preformed DHA may not have been essential given a varied diet of wild terrestrial foods (Carlson and Kingston [2007]). This assessment was based primarily on evidence of potential physiological adaptations in modern humans to ensure sufficient availability of DHA during critical periods of brain growth. While modern human physiology provides critical information regarding DHA as a constraint in evolving a large brain, it is also important to consistently contextualize interpretations within a framework of eclectic foraging diets rather than nutritionally limited modern agricultural populations or even modern foragers. We contend that current interpretations of Pleistocene hominin nutritional ecology do not uniquely support a shore‐based foraging niche as claimed by Cunnane et al. ([2007]: Am J Hum Biol, 19:578–581). Specific issues raised in response to our article by Cunnane et al. and Joordens et al. ([2007]: Am J Hum Biol, 19:582–584) are addressed here. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 19:585–588, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of PEG modification on subtilisin Carlsberg activity, enantioselectivity, and structural dynamics in 1,4‐dioxane
Authors: Castillo Betzaida , Solá Ricardo J. , Ferrer Amaris , Barletta Gabriel , Griebenow Kai 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe employment of enzymes as catalysts within organic media has traditionally been hampered by the reduced enzymatic activities when compared to catalysis in aqueous solution. Although several complementary hypotheses have provided mechanistic insights into the causes of diminished activity, further development of biocatalysts would greatly benefit from effective chemical strategies (e.g., PEGylation) to ameliorate this event. Herein we explore the effects of altering the solvent composition from aqueous buffer to 1,4‐dioxane on structural, dynamical, and catalytic properties of the model enzyme subtilisin Carlsberg (SBc). Furthermore, we also investigate the effects of dissolving the enzyme in 1,4‐dioxane through chemical modification with poly(ethylene)‐glycol (PEG, MW = 20 kDa) on these enzyme properties. In 1,4‐dioxane a 104‐fold decrease in the enzyme's catalytic activity was observed for the hydrolysis reaction of vinyl butyrate with D2O and a 50% decrease in enzyme structural dynamics as evidenced by reduced amide H/D exchange kinetics occurred. Attaching increasing amounts of PEG to the enzyme reversed some of the activity loss. Evaluation of the structural dynamic behavior of the PEGylated enzyme within the organic solvent revealed an increase in structural dynamics at increased PEGylation. Correlation analysis between the catalytic and structural dynamic parameters revealed that the enzyme's catalytic activity and enantioselectivity depended on the changes in protein structural dynamics within 1,4‐dioxane. These results demonstrate the importance of protein structural dynamics towards regulating the catalytic behavior of enzymes within organic media. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 9–17. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HSP70 kinetics study by continuous observation of HSP–GFP fusion protein expression on a perfusion heating stage
Authors: Wang Sihong , Xie Weijun , Rylander Marissa Nichole , Tucker Philip W. , Aggarwal Shanti , Diller Kenneth R. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe direct correlation between levels of heat shock protein expression and efficiency of its tissue protection function motivates this study of how thermal doses can be used for an optimal stress protocol design. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression kinetics were visualized continuously in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) on a microscope heating stage using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter. BAECs were transfected with a DNA vector, HSPp–HSP70–GFP which expresses an HSP70–GFP fusion protein under control of the HSP70 promoter. Expression levels were validated by western blot analysis. Transfected cells were heated on a controlled temperature microscope stage at 42°C for a defined period, then shifted to 37°C for varied post‐heating times. The expression of HSP70–GFP and its sub‐cellular localization were visualized via fluorescence microscopy. The progressive expression kinetics were measured by quantitative analysis of serial fluorescence images captured during heating protocols from 1 to 2 h and post‐heating times from 0 to 20 h. The results show two sequential peaks in HSP70 expression at approximately 3 and 12 h post‐heat shock. A progressive translocation of HSP70 from the cytoplasm to the nucleus was observed from 6 to 16 h. We conclude that we have successfully combined molecular cloning and optical imaging to study HSP70 expression kinetics. The kinetic profile for HSP70–GFP fusion protein is consistent with the endogenous HSP70. Furthermore, information on dynamic intracellular translocation of HSP70 was extracted from the same experimental data. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 146–154. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A new process for the continuous production of succinic acid from glucose at high yield, titer, and productivity
Authors: Meynial‐Salles Isabelle , Dorotyn Sophie , Soucaille Philippe 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel three stages continuous fermentation process for the bioproduction of succinic acid at high concentration, productivity and yield using A. succiniciproducens was developed. This process combined an integrated membrane‐bioreactor‐electrodialysis system. An energetic characterization of A. succiniciproducens during anaerobic cultured in a cell recycle bioreactor was done first. The very low value of YATP obtained suggests that an ATP dependent mechanism of succinate export is present in A. succiniciproducens. Under the best culture conditions, biomass concentration and succinate volumetric productivity reach values of 42 g/L and 14.8 g/L·h. These values are respectively 28 and 20 times higher compared to batch cultures done in our laboratory. To limit end‐products inhibition on growth, a mono‐polar electrodialysis pilot was secondly coupled to the cell recycle bioreactor. This system allowed to continuously remove succinate and acetate from the permeate and recycle an organic acids depleted solution in the reactor. The integrated membrane‐bioreactor‐electrodialysis process produced a five times concentrated succinate solution (83 g/L) compared to the cell recycle reactor system, at a high average succinate yield of 1.35 mol/mol and a slightly lower volumetric productivity of 10.4 g/L·h. The process combined maximal production yield to high productivity and titer and could be economically viable for the development of a biological route for succinic acid production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 129–135. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Online monitoring of microcarrier based fibroblast cultivations with in situ microscopy
Authors: Rudolph Guido , Lindner Patrick , Gierse Alexander , Bluma Arne , Martinez Geovanni , Hitzmann Bernd , Scheper Thomas 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAnimal cell culture is widely used in biotechnology for the production of many biological products. In situ microscopes acquire images directly from cell suspensions and analyze the images in matters of cell concentration, cell size distribution and cell morphology. Their applicability was already proven for yeast and suspended mammalian cell cultivations. In this work the in situ microscope was utilized to measure the level of colonization of fibroblasts on microcarrier surfaces during cultivation. For this study the murine cell line NIH‐3T3 was used in combination with Cytodex 1 microcarriers. Cultivations were carried out in a 5 L stirred tank bioreactor equipped with the in situ microscope. Images were obtained sequentially with the in situ microscope over the whole cultivation time (900 images per sequence, 7.5 h per sequence on average). For the microcarrier analysis an image analysis algorithm based on a neural network was developed and implemented in the microscope analysis software. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;99: 136–145. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inorganic nanoparticles for transfection of mammalian cells and removal of viruses from aqueous solutions
Authors: Link Nils , Brunner Tobias J. , Dreesen Imke A.J. , Stark Wendelin J. , Fussenegger Martin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractOwing to their small size, synthetic nanoparticles show unprecedented biophysical and biochemical properties which may foster novel advances in life‐science research. Using flame‐spray synthesis technology we have produced non‐coated aluminum‐, calcium‐, cerium‐, and zirconium‐derived inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles which not only exhibit high affinity for nucleic acids, but can sequester such compounds from aqueous solution. This non‐covalent DNA‐binding capacity was successfully used to transiently transfect a variety of mammalian cells including human, reaching transfection efficiencies which compared favorably with classic calcium phosphate precipitation (CaP) procedures and lipofection. In this straightforward protocol, transfection was enabled by simply mixing nanoparticles with DNA in solution prior to addition to the target cell population. Transiently transfected cells showed higher production levels of the human secreted glycoprotein SEAP compared to isogenic populations transfected with established technologies. Inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles also showed a high binding capacity to human‐pathogenic viruses including adenovirus, adeno‐associated virus and human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and were able to clear these pathogens from aqueous solutions. The DNA transfection and viral clearance capacities of inorganic metal oxide nanoparticles may provide cost‐effective biopharmaceutical manufacturing and water treatment in developing countries. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 1083–1093. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diamagnetic levitation changes growth, cell cycle, and gene expression of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Coleman Chasity B. , Gonzalez‐Villalobos Romer A. , Allen Patricia L. , Johanson Kelly , Guevorkian Karine , Valles James M. , Hammond Timothy G. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractInhomogeneous magnetic fields are used in magnetic traps to levitate biological specimens by exploiting the natural diamagnetism of virtually all materials. Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this report investigates whether magnetic field (B) induces changes in growth, cell cycle, and gene expression. Comparison to the effects of gravity and temperature allowed determination of whether the responses are general pathways or stimulus specific. Growth and cell cycle analysis were examined in wild‐type (WT) yeast and strains with deletions in transcription factors Msn4 or Sfp1. Msn4, Sfp1, and Rap1 have been implicated in responses to physical forces, but only Msn4 and Sfp1 deletions are viable. Gene expression changes were examined in strains bearing GFP‐tagged reporters for YIL052C (Sfp1‐dependent), YST‐2 (Sfp1/Rap1‐dependent), or SSA4 (Msn4‐dependent). The cell growth and gene expression responses were highly stimulus specific. B increased growth only following Msn4 or Sfp1 deletion, associated with decreased G1 and G2/M and increased S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, B suppressed expression of both YIL052C and YST2. Gravity decreased growth in an Sfp1 but not Msn4‐dependent manner, in association with decreased G2/M and increased S phase of the cell cycle. Additionally, gravity decreased expression of SSA4 and YIL052C genes. Temperature increased cell growth in an Msn4‐ and Sfp1‐dependent manner in association with increased G1 and G2/M with decreased S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, temperature increased YIL052C gene expression. This study shows that B has selective effects on cell growth, cell cycle, and gene expression that are stimulus specific. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007; 98: 854–863. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent developments in psychiatric malpractice
Authors: Horan Dennis J. , Milligan Robert J. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractCommon issues of mental health liability are examined in relationship to recent legislative and case law. Matters of practical importance to practitioners including the applicability insurance coverage to punitive damage awards of arising from malpractice are addressed. Specific legal doctrines involving proof of liability, proximate cause and the standard of care are explored as they relate to mental health malpractice cases.
An economic analysis of the medical malpractice system
Authors: Danzon Patricia M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe purpose of professional liability is viewed as the deterrence of negligence. Conditions necessary for the malpractice system to provide appropriate incentives for injury prevention are described. The operation of the system is compared to this theoretical ideal. Evidence is presented on the number of claims relative to injuries; the disposition of claims through the courts; the effects of tort reforms: the efficiency of insurance mechanisms; and causes and solutions of the 1975 malpractice insurance crisis. The overall efficiency of the system is evaluated and proposals for reform are discussed.