bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The role of fathers in feeding, care, and dental hygiene practices of children aged <6 years: A rapid scoping review
Authors: Moboshir Dina , Patil Priyanka , Chakraborty Subarna , Dwardzweska Joanna , Llewellyn Clare H. , Webb-Martin Kelley , Irish Carol , Archibong Mfon , Gilmour Jenny , Kalungi Phoebe , Batura Neha , Lakhanpaul Monica , Heys Michelle , Manikam Logan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe contribution of fathers in the early stages of child development, especially in feeding care and dental hygiene practices, is increasingly recognized but not well-documented. This rapid scoping review aims to broadly map the existing literature on this subject, focusing on children aged less than six years, and to identify areas where further research is needed.ObjectivesTo explore the extent and nature of research on fathers’ roles in feeding care and dental hygiene practices for children under six years old. The review aims to identify key themes, variations in fatherly involvement across different contexts, and gaps in the current literature.MethodsA structured search of key databases, including PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus, was performed. Studies included in the review involved fathers of children aged less than six years and addressed aspects of feeding care or dental hygiene. The process involved screening for relevance, categorizing studies into thematic areas, and summarizing overarching themes.ResultsThe search yielded 15 studies encompassing diverse geographical and socio-cultural contexts. The review underscores the variability in fathers’ roles, influenced by factors such as urbanization, education, and cultural norms. It reveals that while fathers often serve as financial providers and role models, direct involvement in feeding and dental hygiene is less common. Notably, the literature on fathers’ involvement in children’s dental hygiene is limited.ConclusionsFathers’ roles in feeding care and dental hygiene practices for children under six years are multifaceted and context dependent. The review highlights significant gaps, particularly in understanding the involvement of fathers in dental hygiene. Addressing these gaps through future research is essential for developing comprehensive family-centred health care strategies and policies.
Utilizing multimodal AI to improve genetic analyses of cardiovascular traits
Authors: Zhou Yuchen , Cosentino Justin , Yun Taedong , Biradar Mahantesh I. , Shreibati Jacqueline , Lai Dongbing , Schwantes-An Tae-Hwi , Luben Robert , McCaw Zachary , Engmann Jorgen , Providencia Rui , Schmidt Amand Floriaan , Munroe Patricia , Yang Howard , Carroll Andrew , Khawaja Anthony P. , McLean Cory Y. , Behsaz Babak , Hormozdiari Farhad 
Published: March 2024

AbstractElectronic health records, biobanks, and wearable biosensors contain multiple high-dimensional clinical data (HDCD) modalities (e.g., ECG, Photoplethysmography (PPG), and MRI) for each individual. Access to multimodal HDCD provides a unique opportunity for genetic studies of complex traits because different modalities relevant to a single physiological system (e.g., circulatory system) encode complementary and overlapping information. We propose a novel multimodal deep learning method, M-REGLE, for discovering genetic associations from a joint representation of multiple complementary HDCD modalities. We showcase the effectiveness of this model by applying it to several cardiovascular modalities. M-REGLE jointly learns a lower representation (i.e., latent factors) of multimodal HDCD using a convolutional variational autoencoder, performs genome wide association studies (GWAS) on each latent factor, then combines the results to study the genetics of the underlying system. To validate the advantages of M-REGLE and multimodal learning, we apply it to common cardiovascular modalities (PPG and ECG), and compare its results to unimodal learning methods in which representations are learned from each data modality separately, but the downstream genetic analyses are performed on the combined unimodal representations. M-REGLE identifies 19.3% more loci on the 12-lead ECG dataset, 13.0% more loci on the ECG lead I + PPG dataset, and its genetic risk score significantly outperforms the unimodal risk score at predicting cardiac phenotypes, such as atrial fibrillation (Afib), in multiple biobanks.
Multi-decadal warming alters predator’s effect on prey community composition
Authors: Niu Jingyao , Huss Magnus , Garnier Aurélie , Vasemägi Anti , Gårdmark Anna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPredator responses to warming can occur via phenotypic plasticity and evolutionary adaptation, resulting in changes in their prey communities. However, we lack evidence of how warming-induced evolutionary changes in predators can influence the food web. Here, we ask whether fish subject to long-term warming across multiple generations differ in their impacts on prey communities compared to their nearby conspecifics experiencing a natural thermal regime. We carried out a common garden mesocosm experiment with larval perch (Perca fluviatilis), originating from one heated or one reference coastal environment, feeding on zooplankton communities under a gradient of experimental temperatures. We found that fish thermal origin influenced the zooplankton communities, and differently so depending on the experimental temperature. In presence of fish of heated origin, there were less zooplankton and also fewer individuals of large size, except for at intermediate experimental temperatures. Our findings show that differences between fish populations, potentially representing adaptation to local thermal environment, caused by multi-generational warming can cascade down via trophic interactions to also affect their zooplankton prey communities. Considering climate warming, our results suggest that rapid evolution in predators might have indirect cross-generational ecological consequences propagating through food webs.
Tree growth is better explained by absorptive fine root traits than by transport fine root traits
Authors: Sanaei Anvar , van der Plas Fons , Chen Hongmei , Davids Sophie , Eckhardt Susanne , Hennecke Justus , Kahl Anja , Möller Yasmin , Richter Ronny , Schütze Jana , Wirth Christian , Weigelt Alexandra 
Published: March 2024

AbstractQuantifying plant trait variation yields insights into trade-offs inherent in the ecological strategies of plants and is the basis for a trait-based prediction of plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Although the interest in root traits has increased in recent years, we still have limited knowledge of i) whether functionally different fine roots—absorptive versus transport roots—have similar trait coordination and ii) how they help to explain plant performance, such as growth.We measured traits of 25 European broadleaved tree species growing in a research arboretum to study i) the coordination of root traits within absorptive and transport fine roots and ii) the degree of trait-tree growth relationships. To do so, we combined a suite of morphological (root diameter, specific root length and root tissue density) and anatomical (cortex to stele ratio and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization rate) traits for each of the absorptive and transport roots and also leaf traits (leaf mass per area, dry matter content and toughness).Despite remarkable differences in average trait values between absorptive and transport roots, our study shows that trait coordination within absorptive and transport roots is relatively equivalent. Our results also show that, for the traits we studied, tree growth is better explained by absorptive root traits than by transport root traits and is higher in species with a thinner root diameter. This suggests that variation primarily in absorptive roots affects the uptake of soil-based resources like nutrients and water and directly influences tree growth.The significant relationship between absorptive roots and tree growth and the lack of such a relationship for transport roots highlights that roots mostly involved with resource absorption are more important in explaining tree growth than roots involved in transport.
Comparative Analysis of Tickling and Conspecific Play in Tame Mice and Golden Hamsters
Authors: Dagher Sarah , DeAngelo Darcie , Sato Ren Y. , Norimoto Hiroaki , Koide Tsuyoshi , Ishiyama Shimpei 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSocial play behavior is a fundamental aspect of animal interaction, shaping social bonds and enhancing cognitive capacity. While studies on human-animal play interactions have primarily focused on a few selected species, research on rodents beyond rats remains scarce. We, therefore, addressed the dynamics of social play in tame mice, selectively bred to approach human hands, and golden hamsters, comparing their responses during interactions with humans and conspecifics. Tame mice exhibited heightened playfulness with humans, marked by increased vocalizations and chasing behavior, in addition to increased interactions with tame conspecifics compared to unselected control mice. Hamsters demonstrated a stronger inclination towards conspecific interactions. Notably, vocalization patterns varied between heterospecific and conspecific engagement in both species, suggesting context-dependent communication. These findings offer insights into the evolutionary basis influencing social play across species with differing social structures. Understanding these mechanisms enriches our comprehension of the diverse pathways through which animals form social bonds.
Predicting fine-scale distributions and emergent spatiotemporal patterns from temporally dynamic step selection simulations
Authors: Forrest Scott W , Pagendam Dan , Bode Michael , Drovandi Christopher , Potts Jonathan R , Perry Justin , Vanderduys Eric , Hoskins Andrew J 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUnderstanding and predicting animal movement is fundamental to ecology and conservation management. Models that estimate and then predict animal movement and habitat selection parameters underpin diverse conservation applications, from mitigating invasive species spread to enhancing landscape connectivity. However, many predictive models overlook fine-scale temporal dynamics within their predictions, despite animals often displaying fine-scale behavioural variability that might significantly alter their movement, habitat selection and distribution over time. Incorporating fine-scale temporal dynamics, such as circadian rhythms, within predictive models might reduce the averaging out of such behaviours, thereby enhancing our ability to make predictions in both the short and long term. We tested whether the inclusion of fine-scale temporal dynamics improved both fine-scale (hourly) and long-term (seasonal) spatial predictions for a significant invasive species of Northern Australia, the water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Water buffalo require intensive management actions over vast, remote areas and display distinct circadian rhythms linked to habitat use. To inform management operations we generated hourly and dry season prediction maps by simulating trajectories from static and temporally dynamic step selection functions (SSFs) that were fitted to the GPS data of 13 water buffalo. We found that simulations generated from temporally dynamic models replicated the buffalo’s crepuscular movement patterns and dynamic habitat selection, resulting in more informative and accurate hourly predictions. Additionally, when the simulations were aggregated into long-term predictions, the dynamic models were more accurate and better able to highlight areas of concentrated habitat use that might indicate high-risk areas for environmental damage. Our findings emphasise the importance of incorporating fine-scale temporal dynamics in predictive models for species with clear dynamic behavioural patterns. By integrating temporally dynamic processes into animal movement trajectories, we demonstrate an approach that can enhance conservation management strategies and deepen our understanding of ecological and behavioural patterns across multiple timescales.
Effect of C-to-T transition at CpG sites on tumor suppressor genes in tumor development in cattle evaluated by somatic mutation analysis in enzootic bovine leukosis
Authors: Nishimori Asami , Andoh Kiyohiko , Matsuura Yuichi , Okagawa Tomohiro , Konnai Satoru 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOncogenic transformation of normal cells is caused by mutations and chromosomal abnormalities in cancer-related genes. Enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a malignant B-cell lymphoma caused by bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection in cattle. Although a small fraction of BLV-infected cattle develops EBL after a long latent period, the mechanisms for oncogenesis in EBL cattle remain largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the types and patterns of somatic mutations in cancer cells from 36 EBL cases, targeting 21 cancer-related genes. Various somatic mutations were identified in 8 genes,TP53,NOTCH1,KMT2D,CREBBP,KRAS,PTEN,CARD11, andMYD88. In addition,TP53gene was found to be mutated in 69.4% of EBL cases, with most being biallelic mutations. In some cases, associations were observed between the ages at which cattle had developed EBL and somatic mutation patterns; young onset of EBL possibly occurs due to congenital mutations, high impact mutations affecting protein translation, and biallelic mutations. Furthermore, nucleotide substitution patterns indicated that cytosine at CpG sites tended to be converted to thymine in many EBL cases, which was considered to be the result of spontaneous deamination of 5-methylctosine. These results demonstrate how somatic mutations have occurred in cancer cells leading to EBL development, thereby explaining its pathogenic mechanism. These findings will contribute to a better understanding and future elucidation of disease progression in BLV infection.ImportanceEnzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a malignant and lethal disease in cattle. Currently, there are no effective vaccines or therapeutic methods against bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, resulting in severe economic losses in livestock industry. This study provides a renewed hypothesis to explain the general mechanisms of EBL onset by combining the previous finding that several integration sites of BLV provirus can affect the increase in survival and proliferation of infected cells. We demonstrate that two additional random events are necessary for oncogenic transformation in infected cell clones, elucidating the reason why only few infected cattle develop EBL. Further exploration of somatic mutation and BLV integration sites could support this hypothesis more firmly, potentially contributing to the development of novel control methods for EBL onset.
Systematic annotation of orphan RNAs reveals blood-accessible molecular barcodes of cancer identity and cancer-emergent oncogenic drivers
Authors: Wang Jeffrey , Suh Jung Min , Woo Brian J , Navickas Albertas , Garcia Kristle , Yin Keyi , Fish Lisa , Cavazos Taylor , Hänisch Benjamin , Markett Daniel , Yu Shaorong , Hirst Gillian , Brown-Swigart Lamorna , Esserman Laura J. , van ‘t Veer Laura J. , Goodarzi Hani 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFrom extrachromosomal DNA to neo-peptides, the broad reprogramming of the cancer genome leads to the emergence of molecules that are specific to the cancer state. We recently described orphan non-coding RNAs (oncRNAs) as a class of cancer-specific small RNAs with the potential to play functional roles in breast cancer progression1. Here, we report a systematic and comprehensive search to identify, annotate, and characterize cancer-emergent oncRNAs across 32 tumor types. We also leverage large-scalein vivogenetic screens in xenografted mice to functionally identify driver oncRNAs in multiple tumor types. We have not only discovered a large repertoire of oncRNAs, but also found that their presence and absence represent a digital molecular barcode that faithfully captures the types and subtypes of cancer. Importantly, we discovered that this molecular barcode is partially accessible from the cell-free space as some oncRNAs are secreted by cancer cells. In a large retrospective study across 192 breast cancer patients, we showed that oncRNAs can be reliably detected in the blood and that changes in the cell-free oncRNA burden captures both short-term and long-term clinical outcomes upon completion of a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen. Together, our findings establish oncRNAs as an emergent class of cancer-specific non-coding RNAs with potential roles in tumor progression and clinical utility in liquid biopsies and disease monitoring.
The autophagy protein, ATG14 safeguards against unscheduled pyroptosis activation to enable embryo transport during early pregnancy
Authors: Popli Pooja , Oestreich Arin K. , Maurya Vineet K. , Rowen Marina N. , Zhang Yong , Holtzman Michael J. , Masand Ramya , Lydon John , Akira Shizuo , Moley Kelle H. , Kommagani Ramakrishna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRecurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), characterized by two or more failed clinical pregnancies, poses a significant challenge to reproductive health. In addition to embryo quality and endometrial function, proper oviduct function is also essential for successful pregnancy establishment. Therefore, structural abnormalities or inflammation resulting from infection in the oviduct may impede the transport of embryos to the endometrium, thereby increasing the risk of miscarriage. However, our understanding of the biological processes that preserve the oviductal cellular structure and functional integrity is limited. Here, we report that autophagy-related protein ATG14 plays a crucial role in maintaining the cellular integrity of the oviduct by controlling inflammatory responses, thereby supporting efficient embryo transport. Specifically, the conditional depletion of the autophagy-related gene,Atg14in the oviduct causes severe structural abnormalities compromising its cellular integrity leading to the abnormal retention of embryos. Interestingly, the selective loss ofAtg14in oviduct ciliary epithelial cells did not impact female fertility, highlighting the specificity of ATG14 function in distinct cell types within the oviduct. Mechanistically, loss ofAtg14triggered unscheduled pyroptosis via altering the mitochondrial integrity leading to inappropriate embryo retention and impeded embryo transport in the oviduct. Finally, pharmacological activation of pyroptosis in pregnant mice phenocopied the genetically induced defect and caused impairment in embryo transport. Together, we found that ATG14 safeguards against unscheduled pyroptosis activation to enable embryo transport from the oviduct to uterus for the successful implantation. Of clinical significance, these findings provide possible insights into the underlying mechanism(s) of early pregnancy loss and might aid in developing novel prevention strategies using autophagy modulators.
Subjective and Objective Measures of Cognitive Function are Correlated in Persons with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kwan Angela T.H. , Lakhani Moiz , Le Gia Han , Singh Gurkaran , Teopiz Kayla M. , Ceban Felicia , Nijjar Charnjit S. , Meshkat Shakila , Badulescu Sebastian , Ho Roger , Rhee Taeho Greg , Vincenzo Joshua D. Di , Gill Hartej , McIntyre Roger S. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundIt remains unclear whether subjective and objective measures of cognitive function in Post COVID-19 Condition (PCC) are correlated. The extent of correlation has mechanistic and clinical implications.MethodsThis post-hoc analysis of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial contains baseline data of subjective and objective measures of cognition in a rigorously characterized cohort living with PCC. Herein, we evaluated the association between subjective and objective condition function, as measured by the Perceived Deficits Questionnaire, 20-item (PDQ-20) and the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) and Trails Making Test (TMT)-A/B, respectively.ResultsA total of 152 participants comprised the baseline sample. Due to missing data, our statistical analyses included 150 for self-reported PDQ-20, 147 individuals for combined DSST-measured cognitive function (composite z-score of the Pen/Paper plus Online CogState Version,NcombinedDSST), 71 for in-person DSST-measured cognitive function (Pen/Paper Version), 70 for TMT-A-measured cognitive function, and 70 for TMT-B-measured cognitive function. After adjusting for age, sex, and education, PDQ-20 was significantly correlated with pen-and-paper DSST (β = -0.003,p= 0.002) and TMT-B (β = 0.003,p= 0.008) scores, but not with TMT-A scores (β = -0.001,p= 0.751).ConclusionsOverall, a statistically significant correlation was observed between subjective and objective cognitive functions. Clinicians providing care for individuals with PCC who have subjective cognitive function complaints may consider taking a measurement-based approach to cognition at the point of care that focuses exclusively on patient-reported measures.
The role of telemedicine towards improved sustainability in health care and societal productivity in Turkey
Authors: Özen Figen , Kaynar Alptug H. , Korkut A. Kubilay , Teker Açıkel Melike Elif , Kaynar Z. Dilsun , Kaynar A. Murat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe COVID-19 pandemic increased utilization of telemedicine for diagnosis and treatment. While telemedicine is not the panacea for the increasing health care burden, it can alleviate the problem. Here, the hypothetical impact of delivering telehealth care to patients in a busy tertiary cardio-vascular clinic in Istanbul, Turkey, is examined. Additionally, the potential environmental and societal ramifications of telemedicine are also examined.Demographics, health care costs, wages, productivity, and patient-specific data were exploited to develop a hypothetical telemedicine framework for the Turkish health care landscape. Specifically, the distance traveled and travel time to receive care using real-life location of the clinics and patients addresses seeking care are tabulated.Data from August 3, 2015 to January 25, 2023 resulted in 45,602 unique encounters with 448 unique diagnoses recorded for the patient encounters. The patients in the top 5% of the most common diagnoses traveled 23.82 ± 96.3 km to reach the clinics. Based on our model and the related literature that telehealth care for chronic diseases is not inferior to face-to-face care, 656,258 km would have been saved if all patients were to take the first visit in person followed by telemedicine visits. The travel-associated carbon footprint and wage losses for in-person care in lieu of telehealth appointments is calculated and it was observed that exploiting telemedicine could have saved approximately 30% carbon footprint and prevented approximately $878,000 wage loss. As a result, it is found that application of telemedicine could ease the burden on patients, environment, increase access, and prevent the wage losses caused by unnecessary hospital visits.