bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Preaxial hallucal polydactyly as a marker for diabetic embryopathy
Authors: Adam Margaret P. , Hudgins Louanne , Carey John C. , Hall Bryan D. , Coleman Karlene , Gripp Karen W. , Perez‐Aytes Antonio , Graham John M. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Diabetes is the most common endocrinologic complication during pregnancy, and poor control can lead to a variety of congenital anomalies in the fetus. However, it is often difficult to differentiate between diabetes‐related anomalies and an underlying genetic syndrome. In the 1990s it was proposed that preaxial hallucal polydactyly, particularly when proximally placed, was a distinguishing feature of diabetic embryopathy. METHODS: We summarize the clinical findings in 18 patients (five previously reported in abstract form) with diabetic embryopathy and preaxial hallucal polydactyly to determine which features are most suggestive of diabetic embryopathy. RESULTS: All 18 patients had preaxial hallucal polydactyly (seven bilateral, 11 unilateral), of which 15 patients had proximal implantation of the extra hallux. Further skeletal findings included the following: segmentation anomalies of the spine, equinovarus deformity of the feet, tibial hemimelia, hip dysplasia, and femoral hypoplasia. Upper limb malformations were rare. Eleven of the 18 mothers had prepregnancy insulin‐dependent diabetes, while one mother had prepregnancy type 2 diabetes that required insulin therapy in the 3rd trimester. Five mothers had gestational diabetes that required insulin and one mother had gestational diabetes that was controlled by diet. The majority of mothers had poorly controlled diabetes during the pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: Proximally placed preaxial hallucal polydactyly, particularly when coupled with segmentation anomalies of the spine and tibial hemimelia, is highly suggestive of diabetic embryopathy. Varying degrees of diabetes in the mothers point to a possible genetic predisposition interacting with the teratogenic effects of poor glycemic control leading to specific limb anomalies. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the fiftieth anniversary of the Schaechter, Maaløe, Kjeldgaard experiments: implications for cell‐cycle and cell‐growth control
Authors: Cooper Stephen 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Schaechter–Maaløe–Kjeldgaard papers, which have their 50th anniversary this year, have major implications for understanding the cell cycle, control of cell growth, control of cell size, metabolic control, the basic bacterial growth curve, and myriad other bacterial and eukaryotic growth phenomena. These ideas have broad applications that should be considered in current studies of the cell cycle. In particular, the emphasis on steady‐state growth conditions, and clear and sharp changes in growth conditions were fundamental to their experiments and have been codified in the principles of the Copenhagen School of Microbiology. BioEssays 30:1019–1024, 2008. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Resonance light scattering study on the interaction of benproperine phosphate with eriochrome blue black R in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate and its analytical application
Authors: Feng Suling , Liu Jingjing , Han Xiangming , Fan Jing 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe interaction of benproperine phosphate (BPP) with eriochrome blue black R (EBBR) in the presence of sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS) was studied using resonance light scattering (RLS) technology and ultraviolet‐visual (UV‐vis) spectrophotometry. Under optimum conditions, BPP reacts with EBBP and SDBS to form a three‐component complex, which results in strong RLS signal and a new RLS peak. The enhanced RLS intensities are proportional to the concentration of BPP over the range 0.6–28.0 µg/mL, with a detection limit of 0.053 µg/mL. The affecting factors as well as the influence of coexisting substances were investigated. The results indicate that this assay method could be applied to the determination of BPP in pharmaceuticals, serum and urine samples with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development of a novel capillary electrophoresis chemiluminescence system for amino acid analysis
Authors: Yin Dongguang , Xie Chunjuan , Zhang Li , Liu Binghu , Zhou Xiaozhou , Wang Peng , Wu Minghong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn the present study, a novel peroxyoxalate CE–CL system was developed to achieve high signal stability and sensitivity based on a design of a new interface including a new mixing mode and a new grounding electrode mode. Amino acids fluorescently tagged with dansyl chloride and naphthalene‐2,3‐dicarboxaldehyde(NDA) were used for the study. Experiment results show this new system is quite effective to separate and detect amine acid with high stability and resolute. The detection limits were 1.1 nmol/L for dansyl‐leucine (Leu) and 2.0 nmol/L for dansyl‐aspartic acid (Asp). The relative standard deviations of peak height and migration time were in the ranges of 2.3–3.8% and 1.2–1.5%, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Organic solvent mediated self‐association of an amyloid forming peptide from β2‐microglobulin: An atomic force microscopy study
Authors: Chaudhary Nitin , Singh Shashi , Nagaraj Ramakrishnan 
Published: September 2008

AbstractHuman β2‐microglobulin (β2m) forms amyloid fibrils in hemodialysis related amyloidosis. Peptides spanning the β strands of β2m have been shown to form amyloid fibrils in isolation. We have studied the self‐association of a 13‐residue peptide Ac‐DWSFYLLYYTEFT‐am (Pβ2m) spanning one of the β‐strands of human β2‐microglobulin when dissolved in various organic solvents such as methanol (MeOH), trifluoroethanol (TFE), hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP), and dimethylsulfoxide. We have observed that Pβ2m forms amyloid fibrils when diluted from organic solvents into aqueous buffer at pH 7.0 as judged by increase in thioflavin T fluorescence. Fibril formation was observed to depend on the solvents in which peptide stock solutions were prepared. Circular dichroism spectra indicated propensity for helical conformation in MeOH, TFE, and HFIP. In buffer, β‐structure was observed irrespective of the solvent in which the peptide stock solutions were prepared. Atomic force microscopy images obtained by drying the peptide on mica from organic solvents indicated the ability of Pβ2m to self‐associate to form nonfibrillar structures. Morphology of the structures was dependent on the solvent in which the peptide was dissolved. Peptides that have the ability to self‐associate such as amyloid‐forming peptides would be attractive candidates for the generation of self‐assembled structures with varying morphologies by appropriate choice of surfaces and solvents for dissolution. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 85:783‐791, 2008.This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Fly diversity revealed by PCR‐RFLP of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Asraoui Jimmy F. , Sayar Nancy P. , Knio Khouzama M. , Smith Colin A. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractIn this article, we describe an inexpensive, two‐session undergraduate laboratory activity that introduces important molecular biology methods in the context of biodiversity. In the first session, students bring tentatively identified flies (order Diptera, true flies) to the laboratory, extract DNA, and amplify a region of the mitochondrial gene NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1. In the second session, the students digest the PCR product with a restriction enzyme, visualize the resulting fragments by agarose gel electrophoresis, and analyze their results with comparison to known sequences. The diversity of flies and their importance as disease vectors, agriculture pests, pollinators, models of speciation, and in the case of Drosophila melanogaster, as a genetic model organism, offer many perspectives with which to appeal to students' interests. The laboratory exercise can be linked as a module to topics in biodiversity, bioinformatics, entomology, evolution, and mutagenesis.
Bridging the educational research‐teaching practice gap
Authors: Schönborn Konrad J. , Anderson Trevor R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe first paper [1] in this two‐part miniseries on conceptual understanding discussed expert and novice conceptual knowledge, the multifaceted nature of conceptual understanding, and the cognitive skills essential for constructing it. This second article presents examples of instruments for the assessment and development of five facets of conceptual understanding that require competence in the cognitive skills of mindful memorization, integration, transfer, analogical reasoning, and system thinking. We also argue for the importance of explicitly assessing these facets of conceptual understanding as part of all biochemistry and molecular biology curricula so as to develop expert knowledge in our students.
New Benzo[h]quinoline‐Based Ligands and their Pincer Ru and Os Complexes for Efficient Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Baratta Walter , Ballico Maurizio , Baldino Salvatore , Chelucci Giorgio , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Siega Katia , Magnolia Santo , Rigo Pierluigi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNew benzo[h]quinoline ligands (HCN′N) containing a CHRNH2 (R=H (a), Me (b), tBu (c)) function in the 2‐position were prepared starting from benzo[h]quinoline N‐oxide (in the case of ligand a) and 2‐chlorobenzo[h]quinoline (for ligands b and c). These compounds were used to prepare ruthenium and osmium complexes, which are excellent catalysts for the transfer hydrogenation (TH) of ketones. The reaction of a with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] in 2‐propanol at reflux afforded the terdentate CN′N complex [RuCl(CN′N)(PPh3)2] (1), whereas the complexes [RuCl(CN′N)(dppb)] (2–4; dppb=Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2) were obtained from [RuCl2(PPh3)(dppb)] with a–c, respectively. Employment of (R,S)‐Josiphos, (S,R)‐Josiphos*, (S,S)‐Skewphos, and (S)‐MeO‐Biphep in combination with [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and ligand a gave the chiral derivatives [RuCl(CN′N)(PP)] (5–8). The osmium complex [OsCl(CN′N)(dppb)] (12) was prepared by treatment of [OsCl2(PPh3)3] with dppb and ligand a. Reaction of the chloride 2 and 12 with NaOiPr in 2‐propanol/toluene afforded the hydride complexes [MH(CN′N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 10, Os 14), through elimination of acetone from [M(OiPr)(CN′N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 9, Os 13). The species 9 and 13 easily reacted with 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone, via 10 and 14, respectively, affording the corresponding isolable alkoxides [M(OR)(CN′N)(dppb)] (M=Ru 11, Os 15). The complexes [MX(CN′N)(P2)] (1–15) (M=Ru, Os; X=Cl, H, OR; P=PPh3 and P2=diphosphane) are efficient catalysts for the TH of carbonyl compounds with 2‐propanol in the presence of NaOiPr (2 mol %). Turnover frequency (TOF) values up to 1.8×106 h−1 have been achieved using 0.02–0.001 mol % of catalyst. Much the same activity has been observed for the RuCl, H, OR, and the OsCl derivatives, whereas the OsH and OsOR derivatives display significantly lower activity on account of their high oxygen sensitivity. The chiral Ru complexes 5–8 catalyze the asymmetric TH of methyl–aryl ketones with TOF ≈105 h−1 at 60 °C, up to 97 % enatiomeric excess (ee) and remarkably high productivity (0.005 mol % catalyst loading). High catalytic activity (TOF up to 2.2×105 h−1) and enantioselectivity (up to 98 % ee) have also been achieved with the in‐situ‐generated catalysts prepared from [MCl2(PPh3)3], (S,R)‐Josiphos or (S,R)‐Josiphos*, and the benzo[h]quinoline ligands a–c.
Ruthenium Complexes of Substituted Hydrazine: New Solution‐ and Solid‐State Binding Modes
Authors: Dabb Serin L. , Messerle Barbara A. , Otting Gottfried , Wagler Jörg , Willis Anthony 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe methylhydrazine complex [Ru(NH2NHMe)(PyP)2]Cl(BPh4) (PyP=1‐[2‐(diphenylphosphino)ethyl]pyrazole) was synthesised by addition of methylhydrazine to the bimetallic complex [Ru(μ‐Cl)(PyP)2]2(BPh4)2. The methylhydrazine ligand of the ruthenium complex has two different binding modes: side‐on (η2‐) when the complex is in the solid state and end‐on (η1‐) when the complex is in solution. The solid‐state structure of [Ru(PyP)2(NH2NHMe)]Cl(BPh4) was determined by X‐ray crystallography. 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments with 15N at natural abundance confirmed that in solution the methylhydrazine is bound to the metal centre by only the ‐NH2 group and the ruthenium complex retains an octahedral conformation. Hydrazine complexes [RuCl(PyP)2(η1‐NH2NRR′)]OSO2CF3 (in which R=H, R′=Ph, R=R′=Me and NRR′=NC5H10) were formed in situ by the addition of phenylhydrazine, 1,1‐dimethylhydrazine and N‐aminopiperidine, respectively, to a solution of the bimetallic complex [Ru(μ‐Cl)(PyP)2]2(OSO2CF3)2 in dichloromethane. These substituted hydrazine complexes of ruthenium were shown to exist in an equilibrium mixture with the bimetallic starting material.
Enantioselective catalytic reduction of ketoimines with trichlorosilane promoted by readily available chiral Lewis bases
Authors: Guizzetti Stefania , Benaglia Maurizio , Cozzi Franco , Rossi Sergio , Celentano Giuseppe 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe straightforward synthesis of a series of enantiomerically pure Lewis basic amides by simple condensation of commercially available enantiopure diamines with picolinic acid is reported. These compounds were shown to promote the enantioselective reduction of ketoimines with trichlorosilane. Working with the model substrate N‐phenyl benzophenone imine, the new organocatalysts led to the formation of the corresponding amine, with excellent chemical efficiency (up to 99% chemical yield) and good stereoselectivity (up to 73% ee). Up to 83% of enantioselectivity was reached in the reduction of differently substituted imines. Chirality, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On adaptive timestepping for weakly instationary solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws via adjoint error control
Authors: Steiner Christina , Noelle Sebastian 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe study a recent timestep‐adaptation technique for hyperbolic conservation laws. The key tool is a space–time splitting of adjoint error representations for target functionals due to Süli (An Introduction to Recent Developments in Theory and Numerics for Conservation Laws. Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering. Springer: Berlin, 1998; 123–194) and Hartmann (A posteriori Fehlerschätzung und adaptive Schrittweiten‐ und Ortsgittersteuerung bei Galerkin‐Verfahren für die Wärmeleitungsgleichung. Diplomarbeit, Institut für Angewandte Mathematik, Universität Heidelberg, 1998). It provides an efficient choice of timesteps for implicit computations of weakly instationary flows. The timestep will be very large in regions of stationary flow and become small when a perturbation enters the flow field. Besides using adjoint techniques that are already well established, we also add a new ingredient that simplifies the computation of the dual problem. Owing to Galerkin orthogonality, the dual solution φ does not enter the error representation as such. Instead, the relevant term is the difference of the dual solution and its projection to the finite element space, φ−φh . We can show that it is therefore sufficient to compute the spatial gradient of the dual solution, w=∇φ . This gradient satisfies a conservation law instead of a transport equation, and it can therefore be computed with the same algorithm as the forward problem, and in the same finite element space. We demonstrate the capabilities of the approach for a weakly instationary test problem for scalar conservation laws. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A tethered ascorbate‐norepinephrine compound, 4‐UT, displays long‐acting adrenergic activity on rabbit aortic smooth muscle
Authors: Root‐Bernstein Robert , Dillon Patrick F. , Hollingsworth Rawle 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe previously demonstrated that adrenergic and histaminergic receptors have an ascorbic acid (vitamin C) binding site on the first extracellular loop, immediately adjacent to the aminergic binding site. Binding of ascorbate to this site strongly potentiates any sub‐maximal dose of an adrenergic or histaminergic compound, significantly increasing its duration of activity. We report here the successful synthesis of a tethered compound that mimics the combined effects of a mixture of ascorbate with norepinephrine. The tethered compound uses a four‐unit polyethylene linker to tether ascorbate to norepinephrine. The tethered compound is about tenfold less effective than norepinephrine in stimulating rabbit aortic smooth muscle, but has a very significantly enhanced duration of activity compared with norepinephrine alone and comparable to a mixture of norepinephrine and ascorbate. Additional ascorbate does not enhance the tethered compound's effects and we demonstrate that the compound binds to a synthetic peptide spanning the ascorbate binding site of the receptor. These experiments strongly suggest that the compound binds to both the adrenergic binding site and the ascorbate binding site simultaneously. Tethered compounds with linkers of other lengths did not have these properties. We believe that the synthesis of enhanced adrenergic and histaminergic drugs by tethering them to potentiators such as ascorbate will permit a new class of potential drugs to be created with high specificity and long duration of activity. Drug Dev Res 69:242–250, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hydrophobicity predicts in vivo 19F magnetic resonance detectability of fluorinated psychiatric drugs: simple test for likely success in clinical pharmacokinetic studies
Authors: Reid David G. , Murphy Philip S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe 19F NMR signal half‐height linewidths of six fluorinated psychiatric pharmaceuticals, on which successful in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) studies have been reported (fenfluramine, fluvoxamine, fluoxetine, trifluoperazine, phenfluramine, and paroxetine), were measured at 0.3 mM concentration in an artificial biofluid consisting of aqueous isotonic neutral phosphate‐buffered saline and 5% w/v bovine serum albumin. For the first five, which contain trifluoromethyl groups, linewidth is strongly positively correlated (R2=0.95) with calculated water: n‐octanol distribution coefficient at pH7 (cLogDpH7) by the relationship: Linewidth (Hz)=38cLogDpH7+5. This suggests that simple measurements, or calculations, feasible in most chemical laboratories, predict in vivo signal linewidth and hence the likely ease with which a development compound would be detected in clinical trials of brain pharmacokinetics. The procedures are available to all drug development organizations and should help establish confidence, or no‐go decisions, about committing major resources to MR pharmacokinetic studies on human subjects. Drug Dev Res 69:279–283, 2008  © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nanomedicine and its potential in diabetes research and practice
Authors: Pickup John C. , Zhi Zheng‐Liang , Khan Faaizah , Saxl Tania , Birch David J. S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNanomedicine involves measurement and therapy at the level of 1–100 nm. Although the science is still in its infancy, it has major potential applications in diabetes. These include solving needs such as non‐invasive glucose monitoring using implanted nanosensors, with key techniques being fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) and fluorescence lifetime sensing, as well as new nano‐encapsulation technologies for sensors such as layer‐by‐layer (LBL) films. The latter might also achieve better insulin delivery in diabetes by both improved islet encapsulation and oral insulin formulations. An ‘artificial nanopancreas’ could be an alternative closed‐loop insulin delivery system. Other applications of nanomedicine include targeted molecular imaging in vivo (e.g. tissue complications) using quantum dots (QDs) or gold nanoparticles, and single‐molecule detection for the study of molecular diversity in diabetes pathology. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation of Frizzled10‐Cre transgenic mouse line: A useful tool for the study of dorsal telencephalic development
Authors: Gu Xiaochun , He Dongyang , Li Yiping , Hu Chuanyin , Wei Yu‐sheng , Liu Guang , Liu Depei , Pleasure Samuel J. , Xie Wei , Zhao Chunjie 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWnt signaling plays an important role in regulating cortical and hippocampal development, but many of the other molecular mechanisms underlying dorsal telencephalic development are largely unknown. We are taking advantage of the highly regionalized expression patterns of signaling components of the Wnt pathway to generate new mouse lines that will be useful for studying forebrain development. Here, we describe a transgenic mouse line where Cre is driven by the promoter of the Wnt receptor, Frizzled10. In these mice, Cre activity is mainly detected in the dorsal telencephalon during development and is confined to the pyramidal cell fields in the adult hippocampus. The Cre recombinase has very high efficiency when assayed by crossing the transgenic line with the ROSA26 reporter line. Thus, this Cre line will be useful for the study of dorsal telencephalic development and conditional inactivation of target genes in the cortex and hippocampus. genesis 46:523–529, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of alkyl‐branched fatty acids
Authors: Biermann Ursula , Metzger Jürgen O. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractAlkyl‐branched fatty compounds are of interest for industrial products in the cosmetics and lubricant areas. In this review, clay‐ and zeolite‐catalyzed isomerizations of unsaturated fatty compounds, especially of oleic acid, are discussed. While clay‐catalyzed reactions give most complex mixtures of dimeric fatty acids and of monomeric so‐called “isostearic acid”, the zeolite‐catalyzed process yields preferentially an isomeric mixture of isostearic acids having the methyl branch on the 8–14 positions of the alkyl chain. Synthetically useful additions of alkyl radicals can only be performed on ω‐unsaturated fatty compounds, whereas perfluoroalkyl iodides were added to fatty compounds with terminal as well as internal double bonds using electron transfer‐initiated radical addition reactions. Electrophilic additions of alkyl carbenium ions generated by decomposition of alkyl chloroformates by ethylaluminum sesquichloride give well‐defined alkyl‐branched oleochemicals with good yields.
Unconditional respect for persons and the prediction of intergroup action tendencies
Authors: Lalljee Mansur , Tam Tania , Hewstone Miles , Laham Simon , Lee Jessica 
Published: September 2008

AbstractUnconditional respect for persons is an orientation that rests on the assumption that all people have intrinsic worth and deserve respect simply by their being human. This paper reports three cross‐sectional studies concerning unconditional respect in intergroup relations in three very different contexts. In all three studies, unconditional respect was positively related to positive action tendencies, and negatively related to negative action tendencies, toward other groups. Regression analyses showed that respect was a significant predictor of negative action tendencies even when attitude to the other group, social dominance orientation, empathy, and the quality and quantity of intergroup contact were statistically controlled. Moderation analyses showed that respect was particularly important under conditions of high threat. The implications of unconditional respect for intergroup relations are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.