bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Acoustic study of the Río de la Plata estuarine front
Authors: Cabreira A.G. , Madirolas A. , Alvarez Colombo G. , Acha E.M. , Mianzan H.W. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
During December 1999, a transect 260 km long was carried out along the major axis of the Río de la Plata estuary. Acoustic (120 kHz), oceanographic, and zooplankton sampling were performed to extract a continuous, quasi-synoptic acoustic view of the estuary's salt wedge. Three different zones were identified. The riverine and marine zones were characterized by vertically homogeneous water and low volume-backscattering strength (Sv). The mixohaline zone was characterized by a strong vertical salinity gradient and the highest Sv values. There were no relationships between the reflection value calculated from the salinity gradient and suspended matter (sediments) and measured Sv. The greatest abundance of acoustically detectable organisms was at the halocline depth, coincident with the echo recordings. The positions of the halocline and the two fronts were determined on the basis of aggregations of the different planktonic groups. The physical presence of the salt wedge, as shown by a “biological wedge”, was well described by the acoustic technique employed.
The REBENT monitoring network, a spatially integrated, acoustic approach to surveying nearshore macrobenthic habitats: application to the Bay of Concarneau (South Brittany, France)
Authors: Ehrhold Axel , Hamon Dominique , Guillaumont Brigitte 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
A 200-km2 area in the Bay of Concarneau on the South Brittany coast was surveyed acoustically using different sidescan sonars (a 100-kHz EdgeTech DF1000, and a 240-kHz Reson SeaBat 8101). The area corresponds to a sector of the REBENT network. It was selected for its physical and biological characteristics, reflecting the sedimentary heterogeneity and biological diversity of Brittany's coastal seafloors. The work presented here illustrates the methodology for mapping subtidal seabed habitats in the context of the network. Backscatter mosaics were produced covering 100% of the survey area. Extensive ground-truthing was carried out involving 93 Shipek grab samples and 25 drop-down video profiles. From interpretation of the acoustic facies, 40 biological soft-bottom stations were sampled using a Hamon grab to characterize macrobenthic communities (>2 mm). The results indicated considerable variation in backscatter responses in relation to high densities of macrobenthic species (Lithothamnion, Asterias, Haploops, Maldane, Ophiocomina), and a wide variety of substratum types present within a relatively small area. Dense biocenoses of maerl were accurately surveyed from 20-m to <5-m depth (Lower Astronomical Tide; LAT). Boundaries of Haploops communities are associated with dense small pockmarks in the centre of the bay. The relationships between sediment sometimes colonized by macrobenthic species and backscatter responses are discussed.
Spatio-temporal patterns in maturation of the chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) off the coast of South Africa
Authors: Olyott L.J.H. , Sauer W.H.H. , Booth A.J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractKnowledge of the temporal and spatial characteristics of chokka squid (Loligo vulgaris reynaudii) biology in South African waters is limited, so the possibility of there being a geographically fragmented stock was examined by investigating the distribution of maturity patterns for the species, covering all known spawning areas and using both historical and recent data. Gonadosomatic indices (GSI) varied between year-round consistency and apparent seasonal peaks in both summer and winter; there was no clear spatial pattern. Monthly percentage maturity provided further evidence for two peak reproductive periods each year, although mature squid were present throughout. Sex ratios demonstrated great variability between different areas and life history stages. Male-biased sex ratios were only apparent on the inshore spawning grounds and ranged between 1.118:1 and 4.267:1. Size at sexual maturity was also seasonal, squid maturing smaller in winter/spring than in summer/autumn. Also, squid in the east matured smaller than squid in the west. Although the results from the present study do not provide conclusive evidence of distinct geographic populations, squid likely spawn over a significantly larger area of the Agulhas Bank than previously estimated, and squid on the west coast of South Africa may return to spawn on the western portion of the Agulhas Bank. It remains likely, however, that the east and west coast populations are a single stock and that migration of juveniles to the west coast and their subsequent return as sub-adults is an integral but non-essential and variable part of the life history.
Thyroid hormone deficiency changes the distribution of oligodendrocyte/myelin markers during oligodendroglial differentiation in vitro
Authors: Younes‐Rapozo V. , Berendonk J. , Savignon T. , Manhães A.C. , Barradas P.C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMyelination depends on the proper differentiation of oligodendrocytes and several factors may influence this event. For instance, thyroid hormone (T3) affects the timing of differentiation and regulates the expression of several enzymes involved in the synthesis of complex lipids and in the expression of some myelin structural proteins. We investigated the effect of T3 deficiency on oligodendroglial differentiation and in the distribution of oligodendrocyte/myelin proteins 2′3′‐cyclic nucleotide 3′‐phosphodiesterase (CNPase) and myelin basic protein (MBP). Oligodendroglial‐enriched cultures were obtained from cerebra of neonate rats grown in a modified medium. The T3‐deficient status was induced by using medium devoid of T3. We observed a delay, in T3‐deficient cultures, in oligodendroglial maturation characterized by less extensive processes and membrane vellum than in controls. In control cultures, CNPase immunoreactivity was punctated, showing cell bodies and processes at earlier stages and redistribution to cytoskeleton vein‐like structures in later stages. In T3‐deficient cultures, CNPase remained in a punctated pattern and only at 10 days in vitro we observed CNPase redistribution to the presumptive cytoskeleton vein‐like structures. MBP in control cultures was distributed through the whole cell body and processes whereas in T3‐deficient cultures, MBP immunoreactivity was concentrated in the perinuclear region. These results reinforce the hypothesis that T3 is an important factor in oligodendrocyte differentiation, particularly regarding the distribution of myelin proteins.
Large-Scale cis-Element Detection by Analysis of Correlated Expression and Sequence Conservation between Arabidopsis and Brassica oleracea
Authors: Haberer Georg , Mader Michael T. , Kosarev Peter , Spannagl Manuel , Yang Li , Mayer Klaus F.X. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
The rapidly increasing amount of plant genomic sequences allows for the detection of cis-elements through comparative methods. In addition, large-scale gene expression data for Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) have recently become available. Coexpression and evolutionarily conserved sequences are criteria widely used to identify shared cis-regulatory elements. In our study, we employ an integrated approach to combine two sources of information, coexpression and sequence conservation. Best-candidate orthologous promoter sequences were identified by a bidirectional best blast hit strategy in genome survey sequences from Brassica oleracea. The analysis of 779 microarrays from 81 different experiments provided detailed expression information for Arabidopsis genes coexpressed in multiple tissues and under various conditions and developmental stages. We discovered candidate transcription factor binding sites in 64% of the Arabidopsis genes analyzed. Among them, we detected experimentally verified binding sites and showed strong enrichment of shared cis-elements within functionally related genes. This study demonstrates the value of partially shotgun sequenced genomes and their combinatorial use with functional genomics data to address complex questions in comparative genomics.
Modifications to the Arabidopsis Defense Proteome Occur Prior to Significant Transcriptional Change in Response to Inoculation withPseudomonas syringae
Authors: Jones Alexandra M.E. , Thomas Vincent , Bennett Mark H. , Mansfield John , Grant Murray 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlterations in the proteome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) leaves during responses to challenge by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 were analyzed using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Protein changes characteristic of the establishment of disease, basal resistance, and resistance-gene-mediated resistance were examined by comparing responses to DC3000, a hrp mutant, and DC3000 expressing avrRpm1, respectively. The abundance of each protein identified was compared with that of selected transcripts obtained from comparable GeneChip experiments. We report changes in three subcellular fractions: total soluble protein, chloroplast enriched, and mitochondria enriched over four time points (1.5–6 h after inoculation). In total, 73 differential spots representing 52 unique proteins were successfully identified. Many of the changes in protein spot density occurred before significant transcriptional reprogramming was evident between treatments. The high proportion of proteins represented by more than one spot indicated that many of the changes to the proteome can be attributed to posttranscriptional modifications. Proteins found to show significant change after bacterial challenge are representative of two main functional groups: defense-related antioxidants and metabolic enzymes. Significant changes to photosystem II and to components of the mitochondrial permeability transition were also identified. Rapid communication between organelles and regulation of primary metabolism through redox-mediated signaling are supported by our data.
Mutants of Arabidopsis Lacking Starch Branching Enzyme II Substitute Plastidial Starch Synthesis by Cytoplasmic Maltose Accumulation
Authors: Dumez Sylvain , Wattebled Fabrice , Dauvillee David , Delvalle David , Planchot Véronique , Ball Steven G. , D'Hulst Christophe 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although no impact on starch structure was observed in null be1 mutants, modifications in amylopectin structure analogous to those of other branching enzyme II mutants were detected in be2 and be3. No impact on starch content was found in any of the single mutant lines. Moreover, three double mutant combinations were produced (be1 be2, be1 be3, and be2 be3), and the impact of the mutations on starch content and structure was analyzed. Our results suggest that BE1 has no apparent function for the synthesis of starch in the leaves, as both be1 be2 and be1 be3 double mutants display the same phenotype as be2 and be3 separately. However, starch synthesis was abolished in be2 be3, while high levels of α-maltose were assayed in the cytosol. This result indicates that the functions of both BE2 and BE3, which belong to class II starch branching enzymes, are largely redundant in Arabidopsis. Moreover, we demonstrate that maltose accumulation depends on the presence of an active ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and that the cytosolic transglucosidase DISPROPORTIONATING ENZYME2, required for maltose metabolization, is specific for β-maltose.
Rice PlastidialN-Glycosylated Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase/Phosphodiesterase Is Transported from the ER-Golgi to the Chloroplast through the Secretory Pathway
Authors: Nanjo Yohei , Oka Hiromasa , Ikarashi Noriko , Kaneko Kentaro , Kitajima Aya , Mitsui Toshiaki , Muñoz Francisco José , Rodríguez-López Milagros , Baroja-Fernández Edurne , Pozueta-Romero Javier 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase (NPP) activity that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of ADP-glucose (ADPG) has been shown to occur in the plastidial compartment of both mono- and dicotyledonous plants. To learn more about this enzyme, we purified two NPPs from rice (Oryza sativa) and barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings. Both enzymes are glycosylated, since they bind to concanavalin A, stain with periodic acid–Schiff reagent, and are digested by Endo-H. A complete rice NPP cDNA, designated as NPP1, was isolated, characterized, and overexpressed in transgenic plants displaying high ADPG hydrolytic activity. Databank searches revealed that NPP1 belongs to a functionally divergent group of plant nucleotide hydrolases. NPP1 contains numerous N-glycosylation sites and a cleavable hydrophobic signal sequence that does not match with the N-terminal part of the mature protein. Both immunocytochemical analyses and confocal fluorescence microscopy of rice cells expressing NPP1 fused with green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that NPP1-GFP occurs in the plastidial compartment. Brefeldin A treatment of NPP1-GFP–expressing cells prevented NPP1-GFP accumulation in the chloroplasts. Endo-H digestibility studies revealed that both NPP1 and NPP1-GFP in the chloroplast are glycosylated. Collectively, these data demonstrate the trafficking of glycosylated proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum–Golgi system to the chloroplast in higher plants.
Identification and Characterization of Components of a PutativePetunia S-Locus F-Box–Containing E3 Ligase Complex Involved in S-RNase–Based Self-Incompatibility
Authors: Hua Zhihua , Kao Teh-hui 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPetunia inflata S-locus F-box (Pi SLF) is thought to function as a typical F-box protein in ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation and, along with Skp1, Cullin-1, and Rbx1, could compose an SCF complex mediating the degradation of nonself S-RNase but not self S-RNase. We isolated three P. inflata Skp1s (Pi SK1, -2, and -3), two Cullin-1s (Pi CUL1-C and -G), and an Rbx1 (Pi RBX1) cDNAs and found that Pi CUL1-G did not interact with Pi RBX1 and that none of the three Pi SKs interacted with Pi SLF2. We also isolated a RING-HC protein, S-RNase Binding Protein1 (Pi SBP1), almost identical to Petunia hybrida SBP1, which interacts with Pi SLFs, S-RNases, Pi CUL1-G, and an E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, suggesting that Pi CUL1-G, SBP1, and SLF may be components of a novel E3 ligase complex, with Pi SBP1 playing the roles of Skp1 and Rbx1. S-RNases interact more with nonself Pi SLFs than with self Pi SLFs, and Pi SLFs also interact more with nonself S-RNases than with self S-RNases. Bacterially expressed S1-, S2-, and S3-RNases are degraded by the 26S proteasomal pathway in a cell-free system, albeit not in an S-allele–specific manner. Native glycosylated S3-RNase is not degraded to any significant extent; however, deglycosylated S3-RNase is degraded as efficiently as the bacterially expressed S-RNases. Finally, S-RNases are ubiquitinated in pollen tube extracts, but whether this is mediated by the Pi SLF–containing E3 complex is unknown.
TheMedicago truncatulaCRE1 Cytokinin Receptor Regulates Lateral Root Development and Early Symbiotic Interaction withSinorhizobium meliloti
Authors: Gonzalez-Rizzo Silvina , Crespi Martin , Frugier Florian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractLegumes develop different types of lateral organs from their primary root, lateral roots and nodules, the latter depending on a symbiotic interaction with Sinorhizobium meliloti. Phytohormones have been shown to function in the control of these organogeneses. However, related signaling pathways have not been identified in legumes. We cloned and characterized the expression of Medicago truncatula genes encoding members of cytokinin signaling pathways. RNA interference of the cytokinin receptor homolog Cytokinin Response1 (Mt CRE1) led to cytokinin-insensitive roots, which showed an increased number of lateral roots and a strong reduction in nodulation. Both the progression of S. meliloti infection and nodule primordia formation were affected. We also identified two cytokinin signaling response regulator genes, Mt RR1 and Mt RR4, which are induced early during the symbiotic interaction. Induction of these genes by S. meliloti infection is altered in mutants affected in the Nod factor signaling pathway; conversely, cytokinin regulation of the early nodulin Nodule Inception1 (Mt NIN) depends on Mt CRE1. Hence, cytokinin signaling mediated by a single receptor, Mt CRE1, leads to an opposite control of symbiotic nodule and lateral root organogenesis. Mt NIN, Mt RR1, and Mt RR4 define a common pathway activated during early S. meliloti interaction, allowing crosstalk between plant cytokinins and bacterial Nod factors signals.
The Proteolytic Function of theArabidopsis26S Proteasome Is Required for Specifying Leaf Adaxial Identity
Authors: Huang Weihua , Pi Limin , Liang Wanqi , Xu Ben , Wang Hua , Cai Run , Huang Hai 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPolarity formation is central to leaf morphogenesis, and several key genes that function in adaxial-abaxial polarity establishment have been identified and characterized extensively. We previously reported that Arabidopsis thaliana ASYMMERTIC LEAVES1 (AS1) and AS2 are important in promoting leaf adaxial fates. We obtained an as2 enhancer mutant, asymmetric leaves enhancer3 (ae3), which demonstrated pleiotropic plant phenotypes, including a defective adaxial identity in some leaves. The ae3 as2 double mutant displayed severely abaxialized leaves, which were accompanied by elevated levels of leaf abaxial promoting genes FILAMENTOUS FLOWER, YABBY3, KANADI1 (KAN1), and KAN2 and a reduced level of the adaxial promoting gene REVOLUTA. We identified AE3, which encodes a putative 26S proteasome subunit RPN8a. Furthermore, double mutant combinations of as2 with other 26S subunit mutations, including rpt2a, rpt4a, rpt5a, rpn1a, rpn9a, pad1, and pbe1, all displayed comparable phenotypes with those of ae3 as2, albeit with varying phenotypic severity. Since these mutated genes encode subunits that are located in different parts of the 26S proteasome, it is possible that the proteolytic function of the 26S holoenzyme is involved in leaf polarity formation. Together, our findings reveal that posttranslational regulation is essential in proper leaf patterning.
Is fruit and vegetable intake in children a rationalistic choice?
Authors: Umeh Kanayo , Crabtree Lucy 
Published: October 2006

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the utility of rationalistic constructs for predicting fruit and vegetable intake in children. It was hypothesised that children's gain‐loss evaluations will predict their stage of uptake irrespective of important additional variables.Design/methodology/approachOver 200 pupils from a Derbyshire secondary school completed a cross‐sectional questionnaire assessing stages‐of‐change (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance), gain‐loss considerations, prior consumption, self‐efficacy, and attitude.FindingsDiscriminant function analysis revealed self‐efficacy, attitude, and previous consumption as significant predictors of group membership for both fruit and vegetable intake. Group centroids indicated clear separation of earlier from later stages, and transitional from other stages. Gain‐loss appraisals failed to predict stage membership. Finally, 63.4 and 59.1 per cent of original grouped cases for vegetable and fruit consumption, respectively, were correctly classified. However, classification accuracy varied across stages.Research limitations/implicationsThe sample was predominantly Caucasian and from a suburban area. Thus, the generality of these findings to children from other demographics is unclear.Practical implicationsInterventions promoting fruit/vegetable intake in children may lack efficacy if they emphasise possible outcomes (e.g. benefits) associated with eating these foods. Modifying opinions and suggesting easier ways to increase consumption may achieve better results.Originality/valuePrevious research has demonstrated the importance of gain‐loss considerations in adult's stage of fruit/vegetable intake. The current paper extends this literature to children; it appears rationalistic constructs play a negligible role in children when considered within the context of other variables.
Dynamics of performance measurement and organisational culture
Authors: Bititci Umit S. , Mendibil Kepa , Nudurupati Sai , Garengo Patrizia , Turner Trevor 
Published: October 2006

PurposeThis research paper aims to model the dynamic relationship between performance measurement, management styles and organisational culture, in order to develop a better understanding of the causal linkages between these three areas.Design/methodology/approachThe related literature on performance measurement, management control systems and management information systems, in the context of organisational culture, is examined and a framework for mapping the interplay of the three areas is developed. The research is based around five case studies where performance measurement systems were implemented in action research programmes, using identical implementation methods, by the same research team. The use of the performance measurement systems was then observed over a period of time in relation to the implementation lifecycle, changes to management style and organisational structure over time. The dynamic relationships were then mapped using the framework developed. Patterns were observed, which led to new insights.FindingsOrganisational culture and management style seem to be interdependent throughout the lifecycle of the performance measurement system. That is, management styles need to evolve as the maturity of the performance measurement system and the organisational culture evolve. A successfully implemented and used performance measurement system, through cultural change, leads to a more participative and consultative management style. Similarly, the correct use of performance measurement systems can encourage an achievement culture to emerge. All five cases suggested that an authoritative management style was essential at the start but this would change with the emerging culture.Research limitations/implicationsThe research results are limited to five socially constructed case studies. Whilst these findings remain valid, they cannot be used for universal generalisations. In terms of modelling the organisational culture, the research focuses on the organisation as a whole and does not take into account the possible existence of sub‐cultures within the organisation.Practical implicationsA better understanding of management styles and organisational culture will allow practitioners to better assess the organisations' readiness to implement performance measurement systems. Similarly, the results provide guidance towards the management styles that would be appropriate when implementing performance measurement systems in different cultural settings.Originality/valueThe framework for modelling the dynamic relationship between performance measurement, management style and organisational culture, together with the findings, should provide useful insights and methods for future researchers in this area.