bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Explanatory Model of Recovery from Disaster Loss
Authors: Murphy Shirley A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe development and testing of an explanatory model of recovery from disaster loss are described. The sample consisted of 155 persons at Time1 – 1981, 101 persons at Time2–1983, and represented five magnitudes of disaster loss: bereaved of disaster victims presumed dead; bereaved of disaster victims confirmed dead; persons whose permanent homes were destroyed; persons whose recreational property was destroyed; and a no disaster–loss comparison group. Data tested in the model were collected 1 and 3 years following the volcanic eruption of Mt. St. Helens in 1980 on eight variables: magnitude of loss, mass media coverage, negative rating of change, change in income, self‐efficacy, social support, satisfaction with financial settlement, and mental distress. Path analysis was selected to estimate the magnitude of hypothesized direct and indirect linkages between variables presumed as causes of variables treated as effects. Results showed an improvement of goodness of fit by testing the model with the 1981 data, respecifying the model, and testing it again with the 1983 data. The greatest explanatory effects on mental distress 3 years postdisaster were mental distress reported 1 year postdisaster and negative ratings of change associated with disaster loss.
Stress‐coping strategies identified from school age children's perspective
Authors: Ryan Nancy Muir 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSchool age children, 8 to 12 years old (N = 103), reported on the strategies they use to help them deal with stressors. Individual questionnaires contained 518 coping strategies that were sorted into 13 categories inductively derived from the content of the behaviors. Girls named significantly more social support and emotional behaviors than boys, while boys named significantly more physical exercise activities than girls. Examination of the data by age revealed significant differences in the frequency with which all categories of strategies were used except for aggressive motor and spiritual activities. The data also revealed particular strategies that were used in different stages of the coping process, and strategies that the children perceived to be helpful versus not helpful to them.
Interfacing bioinstruments with computers for data collection in nursing research
Authors: Harrison Lynda Law 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNurse researchers gain many advantages over manual collection and recording of data when they interface bioinstruments with computer technology for data collection. This article describes both the advantages and disadvantages of such technology, and uses examples from a study evaluating the effects of parent touch on preterm infants to illustrate strategies to overcome potential disadvantages.
Personality hardiness, occupational stress, and burnout in critical care nurses
Authors: Topf Margaret 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPersonality hardiness, occupational stress, and burnout were investigated in 100 critical care nurses. Hardiness was predictive of occupational stress and burnout. Hierarchical multiple regressions revealed that one of the three dimensions of hardiness, commitment to work, was the only variable to account for significant amounts of variance (up to 24%) across three of four measures of burnout. The study did not provide support for the stress buffering effect of hardiness. That is, an interaction term, hardiness × occupational stress, was not convincingly predictive of burnout in nurses. The findings are discussed in terms of other research on burnout in critical care nurses and recent issues on the conceptualization of hardiness.
Evaluating hospital postnatal nursing care: Development of the instruments
Authors: Watters Nancy E. , Kristiansen Connie M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMeasures of the quality of hospital postnatal nursing care were developed for an evaluative study of the benefits of combined mother‐infant versus traditional separate staffing patterns. Two hundred mothers completed instruments designed to measure maternal competence, patient satisfaction, establishment of breastfeeding in hospital and breast‐feeding success at 6 weeks, and 28 nursing staff completed measures of staff satisfaction. The internal consistency and test‐retest reliability of scales were supported by alpha coefficients of .60 to .89 and correlation coefficients of .74 to .80. A 90% participation rate and a 97% completion rate were achieved for the maternal sample. Evidence is presented for instrument content, construct, and predictive validity.
Stress and social support in high‐risk pregnancy
Authors: Kemp Virginia H. , Hatmaker Debra D. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRelationships of stress, social support, and risk in pregnancy were tested in low‐income women receiving outpatient antepartal care. Nineteen high‐risk and 20 low‐risk women completed the State Anxiety Inventory and Brown's Support Behavior Inventory. Urinary catecholamine levels from a single morning urine sample, determined using High Performance Liquid Chromatography, were used as the indicator of physiological stress. There was a significant difference between the groups in epinephrine level, but not in norepinephrine level, anxiety, or social support scores. In the high‐risk group, norepinephrine level and partner support were negatively correlated; there were no other significant correlations. In the low‐risk group, epinephrine level was positively correlated with norepinephrine level and age; anxiety was negatively correlated with partner support and age.
Activation—a predictor of need fulfillment in couples
Authors: Hoskins Carol Noll 
Published: April 2007

AbstractCircadian periodicities in activation were studied in relation to married partners' interactional‐emotional need fulfillment. Activation was defined as the phenomenological awareness of general bodily energy state or readiness to respond. It was hypothesized that differences in activation would be related to dissatisfaction with need fulfillment. Activation was measured at four designated times of day by alternate forms of the Activation Checklist (Thayer, 1967) and need fulfillment by parallel forms of the Partner Relationship Inventory (Hoskins, 1988). Five couples completed data series that ranged between 27 and 29 days, providing 67 to 106 pairs of data. Cosine curves were fitted to the data for each subject to test for significant circadian periodicities in each variable. A desynchrony score in activation was calculated for the couple at each measurement time and correlated with the interactional‐emotional need scores. The data supported the hypothesis for three subjects. Theoretical interpretations and methodological issues are presented.
Ethnic Differences in Physiological Responses Associated with the Valsalva Maneuver
Authors: Lu Zxy‐Yann , Metzger Bonnie L. , Therrien Barbara 
Published: April 2007

AbstractEthnic differences in cardiovascular indices at rest and across the Valsalva maneuver (VM) were studied in 30 Asian, 86 Caucasian, and 12 Black healthy men and women aged 30 to 55 years. Subjects simulated the VM by blowing into an aneroid pressure‐gauge meter to 40 mmHg for 10 seconds. Resting systolic blood pressure (SBP) was significantly higher in Blacks than in Asians or Caucasians. During the strain phase of the VM, the fall in SBP from baseline was significantly greater in Asians and Blacks than in Caucasians. Further, Asians had the greatest overshoot of SBP above baseline. Although resting heart rate was significantly higher in Asians compared to Caucasians, there were no differences in heart rate responses to the VM. Reduction in carotid artery blood flow velocity during strain was significantly less in Blacks. We conclude that there are ethnic differences in cardiovascular indices at rest and across the VM.
Responses of elderly spouse caregivers
Authors: Given Barbara , Stommel Manfred , Collins Clare , King Sharon , Given Charles W. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIn this paper three categories of variables were identified to predict spouses' reactions to caregiving roles: patient characteristics, the caregiving environment, and characteristics of the caregiver. Measures of these variables were administered to 159 spouse caregivers. Four domains of caregivers' responses were identified: negative emotional reactions, feelings of responsibility for the patient, feelings of abandonment by family, and impact of caregiving on daily schedules. These domains were influenced most by patient negative behaviors, physical health, and age, and by caregiver age, employment, and emotional status. Amount of assistance, affective support, and hours of care also were predictive of spouse responses.
Depression and anxiety among chronically ill heart patients: Age differences in risk and predictors
Authors: Nickel Jennie T. , Brown Kay J. , Smith Barbara A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAnxiety and depression for 399 survivors of a 1,102‐member heart disease cohort were assessed 8 to 9 years post‐hospitalization. Approximately one‐third reported symptoms of emotional distress and one‐fourth were on anti‐anxiety drugs. Predictors of anxiety and depression were analyzed through logistic regression. Subjects age 65 and over were less likely than younger patients to report anxiety or depression and also reported less heart‐associated disability, the strongest predictor of distress for both age groups. Other significant predictors included a previous history of distress, low income, female sex, and beta blocker use.
Relationship of hope, coping styles, concurrent losses, and setting to grief resolution in the Elderly Widow(er)
Authors: Herth Kaye 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis descriptive study was based on Dimond's Bereavement Adaptation Model; investigation was made of the relationship between hope, concurrent losses, coping style, setting (hospital, hospice, nursing home), and grief resolution. Seventy‐five elderly persons who had been widowed 12–18 months completed the Herth Hope Scale, the Jalowiec Coping Scale, and the Grief Resolution Index by mail. A significant positive relationship was found between effective grief resolution and a high hope level; 0–1 concurrent losses; the use of confrontive, optimistic, palliative, supportant, and self‐reliant coping styles; and the death of the spouse within a hospice setting. The importance of the type of setting, hope level, and specific coping styles on grief resolution in the elderly widow(er) is suggested by the findings.
Supplemental‐information‐seeking behavior of cardiovascular nurses
Authors: Corcoran‐Perry Sheila , Graves Judith 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Krikelas model was used as a framework for investigating supplemental‐information‐seeking behavior of cardiovascular nurses. (Supplemental information is that which is not available from memory and could be made available by computer.) One hundred seventy‐five instances of supplemental‐information‐seeking behavior were collected from 46 cardiovascular nurses in three metropolitan hospitals. Self‐report and observation‐interview methods were used. Findings indicated that the nurses sought patient‐specific data most frequently, followed by institution‐specific data and domain knowledge. They needed a surprisingly large portion of the information to track people, equipment, medications, and reports. The findings have implications for nursing information system design.
Social support for women during chronic illness: The relationship among sources and types to adjustment
Authors: Primomo Janet , Yates Bernice C. , Woods Nancy F. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to explore who in the network provided what type of support in relation to psychosocial adjustment for women experiencing chronic illness. The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire was administered to 125 chronically ill women, along with measures of depression (CES‐D), family illness demands (Demands of Illness Inventory), marital quality (Spanier Dyadic Adjustment Scale), and family functioning (FACES‐II). Repeated‐measures ANOVA was used to examine the average amount of support from four main sources: partner, family, friends, and others. Women perceived more support from the partner than from any other source. Family members provided more affective support than friends or others. Friends provided more affirmation than family or others. After the partner, women reported confiding about their illness more to health care providers, counselors, or religious personnel than family or friends. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for the amount of support from each source and the measures of individual, dyadic, or family adjustment. In general, affect, affirmation, and reciprocity from both the partner and family were associated with less depression, higher marital quality, and better family functioning.
Running addiction and dyadic adjustment
Authors: Rudy Ellen B. , Estok Patricia J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRunning motivated by an addictive mechanism may overpower the sensible, beneficial approach to exercise. Neglect of family responsibilities and relationships may occur as a result of this addiction. Thirty‐five marathon runners and their spouses were studied; 22 of the runners were women and 13 were men. Each runner and spouse completed the dyadic adjustment (DAS) and running addiction (RAS) scales; the spouses were asked to rate their own dyadic adjustment and the runners' addiction. Findings indicated little relationship between the runners' RAS and DAS scores; however, there was a significant negative relationship between spouses' rating of the runners' RAS and their own DAS, (r=‐.59, p < .001). The relationship between higher perceived levels of running addiction in the spouse and lower DAS scores was stronger in those spouses who did not run; (r=‐.61, p < .01) and for male spouses of female runners; (r=‐.67, p < .01).
The health self‐determinism index for children
Authors: Cox Cheryl L. , Cowell Julia M. , Marion Lucy N. , Miller Elaine H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA convenience sample of 501 children 7 to 13 years old completed the newly developed Health Self‐Determinism Index for Children (HSDI‐C), a measure of intrinsic motivation in health behavior. Construct validity was supported through the factorial isolation of four theory‐consistent subscales, and the correlation of the total HSDI‐C (r=.36, p ≤ .009) with a general measure of intrinsic motivation. Alpha coefficients in three separate trials ranged between .79 and .88 for the total scale, and .78 to .88, .87 to .92, .78 to .86, and .63 to .77 on the respective subscales. Test‐retest reliability for the total scale was .83 at 2 weeks and .48 at 1 year. A nominated population of 21 third‐ through seventh‐grade children known to practice positive health promotion behaviors had an HSDI‐C mean score of 106.5 versus 76.5 in the general sample of children.
The influence of registered nurse staffing on the quality of nursing home care
Authors: Munroe Donna J. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which registered nurse (RN) staffing patterns influenced nursing home quality. Based upon extensive literature review, a model for nursing home quality was developed. Using data from reports of 455 Medicare‐certified skilled nursing facilities, structural, process, and outcome factors thought to influence quality were entered into the model and analyzed using ordinary least squares regression. A small, though statistically significant, proportion of the variance in quality nursing home care was explained by the equation. A positive, significant relationship existed between nursing home quality and the ratio of RN hours to licensed vocational nurse (LVN) hours per resident day.
Depression, stress, mastery, and social resources in four ethnocultural women's groups
Authors: Franks Ferne , Faux Sandra A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis descriptive study was designed to examine the interrelationships of depression, stress, mastery, and social resources in four ethnocultural women's groups. The random sample (N=212) was comprised of Chinese (n=60), Vietnamese (n=46), Portuguese (n=56), and Latin American (n=50) immigrant women. Using the CES–D, high depressive symptoms were reported by all groups. Collectively, the major correlates and predictors of depression were perceived stress and mastery. Group‐specific analyses revealed different models for predicting depression in each ethnic group. The findings underscore the need for observation of the indicators of depression in immigrant women—regardless of their phase of resettlement—and a flexible, individualized approach to ethnic women's psychological health care.
The process of rater training for observational instruments: Implications for interrater reliability
Authors: Castorr Alexandria H. , Thompson Kathleen O. , Ryan Judith W. , Phillips Carol Y. , Prescott Patricia A. , Soeken Karen L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAlthough the process of rater training is important for establishing interrater reliability of observational instruments, there is little information available in current literature to guide the researcher. In this article, principles and procedures that can be used when rater performance is a critical element of reliability assessment are described. Three phases of the process of rater training are presented: (a) training raters to use the instrument; (b) evaluating rater performance at the end of training; and (c) determining the extent to which rater training is maintained during a reliability study. An example is presented to illustrate how these phases were incorporated in a study to examine the reliability of a measure of patient intensity called the Patient Intensity for Nursing Index (PINI).
Mutuality and preparedness as predictors of caregiver role strain
Authors: Archbold Patricia G. , Stewart Barbara J. , Greenlick Merwyn R. , Harvath Theresa 
Published: April 2007

AbstractData from 78 older persons and their family caregivers were obtained at 6 weeks and 9 months after hospital discharge. Hierarchical multiple regression was used to determine whether mutuality and preparedness for caregiving were related to lower levels of caregiver role strain. The results indicated that, after controlling for five other variables commonly found to be related to caregiver role strain, mutuality and preparedness ameliorated some but not all aspects of role strain.
Independent regulatory agencies in Turkey: are they really autonomous?
Authors: Sezen Seri̇ye 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis article examines the autonomy of independent regulatory agencies (IRAs) in Turkey. It explores, first, the different factors that have led to the creation of IRAs and second, the legislative basis of their formal or de jure autonomy. Thereafter, the article assesses the extent to which this formal autonomy is really put in practice and how it is perceived by board members. The enquiry was conducted through a survey comprising interviews and a questionnaire applied to the same. It concludes that although formal autonomy is satisfactorily provided for by law, government tends to limit this autonomy through secondary legislation. Consequently, there are some constraints on the actual use of autonomy. Concerning de facto autonomy, survey findings show that boards are exposed to external and internal pressures and interference in their deliberations. Thus, the assumption that ‘the greater the autonomy the more efficient the management’ is questioned. The main sources of pressure on board members are from the regulated sectors themselves. These findings have an important bearing on democracy and the political–administrative interface, as it is confronted by market forces. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interpenetrating polymeric network hydrogels for potential gastrointestinal drug release
Authors: Ekici Sema , Saraydin Dursun 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNew interpenetrating polymeric network (IPN) hydrogels based on chitosan (C), poly(N‐vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAAc), crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (G) and N,N‘‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBA), were prepared and investigated for potential gastrointestinal drug delivery vehicles utilizing a model drug, amoxicillin. IPN hydrogels were synthesized by simultaneous polymerization/crosslinking of acrylic acid monomer in the presence of another polymer (C) and crosslinker (G, MBA). Three different concentrations of glutaraldehyde were used (0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 w/w) to control the overall porosity of the hydrogels, named C‐P‐AAc/0.5, C‐P‐AAc/1.0 and C‐P‐AAc/2.0, respectively. Spectroscopic and thermal analyses such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and thermomechanical analysis were performed for IPN characterization. Equilibrium swelling studies were conducted for pH and temperature response behavior. Swelling studies were also carried out in simulated gastric fluid of pH = 1.1 and simulated intestinal fluid of pH = 7.4 to investigate possible site‐specific drug delivery. It was found that the release behavior of the drug from these IPN hydrogels was dependent on the pH of the medium and the proportion of crosslinker in the IPN. It was observed that amoxicillin release at pH = 7.4 was higher than at pH = 1.1. The analysis of the drug release showed that amoxicillin was released from these hydrogels through a non‐Fickian diffusion mechanism. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Establishing a three‐dimensional diagram with solubility parameter representing the general behavior of crystallization for amorphous poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate)
Authors: Ma Weiming , Zhai Wentao , Yu Jian , He Jiasong 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSupercritical fluids having different solubility parameters were obtained by changing the parameters of supercritical CO2 and adding a cosolvent (methanol). The crystallization behavior of amorphous poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) (PEN) in these supercritical fluids covering a wide range of solubility parameter was investigated using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. A three‐dimensional diagram of crystallization versus temperature, pressure and solubility parameter (i.e. solvent concentration) was established to represent the general behavior of crystallization for amorphous PEN. Supercritical fluids with a higher overall solubility parameter plasticized the PEN chains more effectively and thus provided moderate conditions to induce the crystallization of amorphous PEN. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteome analysis of whole saliva: A new tool for rheumatic diseases – the example of Sjögren's syndrome
Authors: Giusti Laura , Baldini Chiara , Bazzichi Laura , Ciregia Federica , Tonazzini Ilaria , Mascia Giovanni , Giannaccini Gino , Bombardieri Stefano , Lucacchini Antonio 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic disease that affects salivary glands directly, and is therefore expected to influence the composition of human whole saliva (WS) fluid. The aim of this study was to characterize the WS proteins of pSS patients using a proteomic approach to assess a valid procedure to examine the global changes of the salivary protein profiles in connective tissue disorders. The WS proteins expressed in patients affected by pSS and healthy volunteers were analyzed using the 2‐DE technique. The WS protein pattern was altered in pSS patients compared to controls, with a decrease in some of the typical salivary proteins. Particularly, a remarkable alteration of carbonic anhydrase VI was observed. Moreover, a comparison of WS protein profile of pSS patients with the one obtained from controls revealed a set of differentially expressed proteins. These proteins were related to acute and chronic inflammation while some others were involved in oxidative stress injury. These findings are in line with the systemic immunoinflammatory aspects of pSS and open the possibility for a systematic search of diagnostic biomarkers and targets for therapeutic intervention in pSS.