bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Characterizing ActiGraph’s Idle Sleep Mode in Free-Living Assessments of Physical Behavior
Authors: LaMunion Samuel R. , Brychta Robert J. , Freeman Joshua R. , Saint-Maurice Pedro F. , Matthews Charles E. , Ishihara Asuka , Chen Kong Y. 
Published: April 2024

ActiGraph’s idle sleep mode (ISM) is an optional battery- and memory-conserving feature believed to engage during periods of nonwear, inactivity, and sleep, but it has not been well studied in free-living environments. Thus, we investigated ISM during a 7-day assessment in a nationally representative sample of 13,649 participants (6–80 years) in the United States and found it engaged 43.6% ± 0.2% (mean ± SE) of the 24 hr per day. ISM engagement was highest (78.4% ± 0.2%) during early morning (00:00–05:59) and lowest (20.4% ± 0.3%) during afternoon (12:00–17:59), corresponding to quadrants of lowest and highest of movement, respectively. ISM engagement was also inversely correlated with daily activity across all participants (R = −.72, p < .001). When restricted to participants averaging ≥21 hr per day of wear (N = 10,482), ISM still engaged 39.5% ± 0.2% of the day and inversely correlated to daily activity (R = −.58, p < .001). These results suggest ISM engages in activity level-dependent temporal patterns. Additional research is needed to better inform analyses and interpretation of ISM-enabled data including whether it is appropriate to process them with existing methods that were developed and validated using data without ISM enabled. This issue may be particularly relevant for methods used to detect and score sleep, as ISM engaged during a substantial portion of the typical overnight sleep period in the 8-hr window between ≥22:00 and <06:00 (74.0% ± 12.6%, mean ± SD).
BLinG-Health: A Peer-Led Physical Activity Program for Black Adolescent Girls—A Pilot Study
Authors: Blackshear Tara B. , Baucum Taylor 
Published: April 2024

Background: Culturally relevant approaches that address low physical activity rates among Black girls are increasing, yet opportunities to engage in physical activity (PA) remain minimal. Coupled with deficit approaches to school-based PA programming, positioning Black adolescent girls as PA leaders is missing from practice. BLinG-Health aims to develop peer leaders to participate in and deliver group fitness sessions in an after-school PA program. Methods: Black adolescent girls engaged in a culturally relevant, 8-week pretest and posttest quasi-experimental pilot study examining the impact of a peer-led school-based PA intervention program in a Baltimore, Maryland, public school. After peer leaders engaged in a 12-hr fitness education, training, and certification program using the Interactive Fitness Trainers of America’s Tabata group fitness instruction and certification series, peer leaders led classmates in group fitness 2–3 days a week for 8 weeks. Peer leaders and participants completed two assessment rounds at baseline and Week 9, including height and weight, to compute body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, hip-to-waist ratio, a 12-min run/walk, and push-up test. Results: Participants (n = 7; Mage = 16.43 years) significantly improved in cardiovascular endurance (p = .025) and muscular endurance (p = .013) with modest, nonsignificant changes in anthropometric measures. Discussion: Challenging deficit narratives on Black girls’ PA engagement, participants consistently attended weekly group fitness sessions and improved cardiovascular and muscular fitness. Empowering Black adolescent girls to lead group fitness sessions among peers may enhance PA engagement. Schools should consider culturally relevant programming to increase Black girls’ opportunities to engage in PA.
Cynomolgus macaques as a translational model of human immune responses to yellow fever 17D vaccination
Authors: Mantel Nathalie , Piras-Douce Fabienne , Chautard Emilie , Marcos-Lopez Ernesto , Bodinham Caroline L. , Cosma Antonio , Courtois Virginie , Dhooge Nina , Gautheron Sylviane , Kaufmann Stefan H. E. , Pizzoferro Kathleen , Lewis David J. M. , Martinon Frédéric , Pagnon Anke , Raynal Franck , Dereuddre-Bosquet Nathalie , Le Grand Roger 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

The non-human primate (NHP) model (specifically rhesus and cynomolgus macaques) has facilitated our understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms of yellow fever (YF) disease and allowed the evaluation of the safety and efficacy of YF-17D vaccines. However, the accuracy of this model in mimicking vaccine-induced immunity in humans remains to be fully determined. We used a systems biology approach to compare hematological, biochemical, transcriptomic, and innate and antibody-mediated immune responses in cynomolgus macaques and human participants following YF-17D vaccination. Immune response progression in cynomolgus macaques followed a similar course as in adult humans but with a slightly earlier onset. Yellow fever virus neutralizing antibody responses occurred earlier in cynomolgus macaques [by Day 7[(D7)], but titers > 10 were reached in both species by D14 post-vaccination and were not significantly different by D28 [plaque reduction neutralization assay (PRNT)
50
titers 3.6 Log vs 3.5 Log in cynomolgus macaques and human participants, respectively;
P
= 0.821]. Changes in neutrophils, NK cells, monocytes, and T- and B-cell frequencies were higher in cynomolgus macaques and persisted for 4 weeks versus less than 2 weeks in humans. Low levels of systemic inflammatory cytokines (IL-1RA, IL-8, MIP-1α, IP-10, MCP-1, or VEGF) were detected in either or both species but with no or only slight changes versus baseline. Similar changes in gene expression profiles were elicited in both species. These included enriched and up-regulated type I IFN-associated viral sensing, antiviral innate response, and dendritic cell activation pathways D3–D7 post-vaccination in both species. Hematological and blood biochemical parameters remained relatively unchanged versus baseline in both species. Low-level YF-17D viremia (RNAemia) was transiently detected in some cynomolgus macaques [28% (5/18)] but generally absent in humans [except one participant (5%; 1/20)].

IMPORTANCE
Cynomolgus macaques were confirmed as a valid surrogate model for replicating YF-17D vaccine-induced responses in humans and suggest a key role for type I IFN.
Defective viral genomes: advances in understanding their generation, function, and impact on infection outcomes
Authors: Brennan Justin W. , Sun Yan 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT

Defective viral genomes (DVGs) are truncated derivatives of their parental viral genomes generated during an aberrant round of viral genomic replication. Distinct classes of DVGs have been identified in most families of both positive- and negative-sense RNA viruses. Importantly, DVGs have been detected in clinical samples from virally infected individuals and an emerging body of association studies implicates DVGs in shaping the severity of disease caused by viral infections in humans. Consequently, there is growing interest in understanding the molecular mechanisms of
de novo
DVG generation, how DVGs interact with the innate immune system, and harnessing DVGs as novel therapeutics and vaccine adjuvants to attenuate viral pathogenesis. This minireview focuses on single-stranded RNA viruses (excluding retroviridae), and summarizes the current knowledge of DVG generation, the functions and diversity of DVG species, the roles DVGs play in influencing disease progression, and their application as antivirals and vaccine adjuvants.
Joseph A. Cushman and the study of Foraminifera
Authors: Todd Ruth 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Cushman's interest in forams began with his examination of the Albatross collections. In 1906, when he began his systematic study of the Foraminifera for the U.S. National Museum, they were regarded as little more than scientific curiosities of no geologic value because most were believed to range from Cambrian to Recent. Cushman found the existing ten-family classification insufficiently detailed to encompass the myriad distinctions seen in his material. That classification, based primarily upon shape, did not take into consideration the different kinds of wall composition nor the phylogenies of genera.
In 1912, Cushman began an intermittent lifelong association with the U.S. Geological Survey. Two years later he successfully used forams to determine the ages of beds in a water well in South Carolina. In the early 1920s, Cushman took a consulting job with the Marland Oil Company to work briefly in Mexico. His fee gave him the financial means to retire from commercial work at the age of 43 and to build a private laboratory in Sharon, Massachusetts. There he resumed his research studies, accepted students, and started his journal. In the middle 1920s, a controversy developed between Cushman and J. J. Galloway over publication of their respective classifications. Emotions ran high for some years because Galloway believed that Cushman had stolen ideas from his manuscript, which the two had discussed together.
Condensates of the Magnetoexcitations in Quantum Hall Dielectrics
Authors: Gorbunov A. V. , Larionov A. V. , Kulik L. V. , Timofeev V. B. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
A high-resolution large-aperture optical system is used to visualize the formation and spreading in real space of dense photoexcitation ensembles in integer and fractional quantum Hall dielectrics at filling factors ν = 2 and ν = 1/3. A comparative analysis is performed of the correlation between the transport properties and spatial coherence of these ensembles.
Low socioeconomic status is associated with worse treatment outcomes in patients with Achilles tendinopathy
Authors: Visser Tjerk Sleeswijk , Brul Stefano , Deng Jie , Bonsel Joshua , van Es Eline , Eygendaal Denise , de Vos Robert-Jan 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo assess whether there is a difference in symptom severity at baseline and 24 weeks follow-up between conservatively managed patients with Achilles tendinopathy (AT) with low socioeconomic status (SES) compared with those with high SES.MethodsIn this prospective cohort study, 200 patients with AT were included and treated according to current guidelines. We linked a neighbourhood SES indicator based on income, employment and education level and divided the patient population into quintiles, with Q1 being the highest SES and Q5 the lowest. Symptom severity at baseline and follow-up was assessed using the Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment-Achilles (VISA-A) score. Treatment adherence was not measured. We used a general linear model and the mean VISA-A scores at baseline and at 6, 12 and 24 weeks follow-up were compared between Q1 (n=45) and Q5 (n=39), while adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), Ankle Activity Score, symptom duration and baseline VISA-A score.ResultsPatients had a median age of 51 years and median BMI of 25.4, 40% were female. 74%, 70% and 58% of the participants completed the VISA-A at 6, 12 and 24 weeks, respectively. VISA-A scores at baseline were similar for Q1 and Q5 (43.9 and 41.8, p=0.591). At 24 weeks, there was a mean (95% CI) difference of 11.2 (1.0 to 21.3, p=0.032) points in favour of Q1 on the VISA-A score.ConclusionAT patients with low SES may have worse outcomes when treated using the current guidelines. The difference in VISA-A score at 24 weeks is larger than the minimal clinically important difference and might be clinically relevant, but comes with uncertainty due to the large dispersion in the data. Clinicians need to consider the impact of social inequality when developing and implementing treatment plans.
Willingness of healthcare providers to perform population-based cancer screening: a cross-sectional study in primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin, China
Authors: Zheng Senshuang , Zhang Xiaorui , Greuter Marcel J. W. , de Bock Geertruida H , Lu Wenli 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate the willingness of healthcare providers to perform population-based screening in primary healthcare institutions in China.MethodsHealthcare providers of 262 primary healthcare institutions in Tianjin were invited to fill out a questionnaire consisting of demographic characteristics, workload, and knowledge of, attitude towards and willingness to perform breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening. Willingness to screen was the primary outcome. Multilevel logistic regression models were conducted to analyse the determinants of healthcare providers’ willingness to screen. ORs and 95% CIs were estimated.ResultsA total of 554 healthcare providers from 244 institutions answered the questionnaire. 67.2%, 72.1% and 74.3% were willing to perform breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening, respectively. A negative attitude towards screening was associated with a low willingness for cervical (OR=0.27; 95% CI 0.08, 0.94) and colorectal (OR=0.08; 95% CI 0.02, 0.30) cancer screening, while this was not statistically significant for breast cancer screening (OR=0.30; 95% CI 0.08, 1.12). For breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening, 70.1%, 63.8% and 59.0% of healthcare providers reported a shortage of staff dedicated to screening. A perceived reasonable manpower allocation was a determinant of increased willingness to perform breast (OR=2.86; 95% CI 1.03, 7.88) and colorectal (OR=2.70; 95% CI 1.22, 5.99) cancer screening. However, this was not significant for cervical cancer screening (OR=1.76; 95% CI 0.74, 4.18).ConclusionsIn China, healthcare providers with a positive attitude towards screening have a stronger willingness to contribute to cancer screening, and therefore healthcare providers’ attitude, recognition of the importance of screening and acceptable workload should be optimised to improve the uptake of cancer screening.
Gendered gaps to tuberculosis prevention and care in Kenya: a political economy analysis study
Authors: Abdullahi Leila H , Oketch Sandra , Komen Henry , Mbithi Irene , Millington Kerry , Mulupi Stephen , Chakaya Jeremiah , Zulu Eliya M 
Published: April 2024

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains a public health concern in Kenya despite the massive global efforts towards ending TB. The impediments to TB prevention and care efforts include poor health systems, resource limitations and other sociopolitical contexts that inform policy and implementation. Notably, TB cases are much higher in men than women. Therefore, the political economy analysis (PEA) study provides in-depth contexts and understanding of the gender gaps to access and successful treatment for TB infection.DesignPEA adopts a qualitative, in-depth approach through key informant interviews (KII) and documentary analysis.Setting and participantsThe KIIs were distributed among government entities, academia, non-state actors and community TB groups from Kenya.ResultsThe themes identified were mapped onto the applied PEA analysis framework domains. The contextual and institutional issues included gender concerns related to the disconnect between TB policies and gender inclusion aspects, such as low prioritisation for TB programmes, limited use of evidence to inform decisions and poor health system structures. The broad barriers influencing the social contexts for TB programmes were social stigma and cultural norms such as traditional interventions that negatively impact health-seeking behaviours. The themes around the economic situation were poverty and unemployment, food insecurity and malnutrition. The political context centred around the systemic and governance gaps in the health system from the national and devolved health functions.ConclusionBroad contextual factors identified from the PEA widen the disparity in targeted gender efforts toward men. Following the development of effective TB policies and strategies, it is essential to have well-planned gendered responsive interventions with a clear implementation plan and monitoring system to enhance access to TB prevention and care.
Rehabilitation interventions to modify physical frailty in adults before lung transplantation: a systematic review protocol
Authors: McGarrigle Laura , Norman Gill , Hurst Helen , Todd Chris 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionLung transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for end-stage lung disease for a small group of patients meeting strict acceptance criteria after optimal medical management has failed. Physical frailty is prevalent in lung transplant candidates and has been linked to worse outcomes both on the waiting list and postoperatively. Exercise has been proven to be beneficial in optimising exercise capacity and quality of life in lung transplant candidates, but its impact on physical frailty is unknown. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of exercise interventions in modifying physical frailty for adults awaiting lung transplantation.Methods and analysisThis protocol was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database. We will search four databases plus trial registries to identify primary studies of adult candidates for lung transplantation undertaking exercise interventions and assessing outcomes pertaining to physical frailty. Studies must include at least 10 participants. Article screening will be performed by two researchers independently at each stage. Extraction will be performed by one reviewer and checked by a second. The risk of bias in studies will be assessed by two independent reviewers using tools appropriate for the research design of each study; where appropriate, we will use Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 or ROBINS-I. At each stage of the review process, discrepancies will be resolved through a consensus or consultation with a third reviewer. Meta-analyses of frailty outcomes will be performed if possible and appropriate as will prespecified subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Where we are unable to perform meta-analysis, we will conduct narrative synthesis following Synthesis without Meta-analysis guidance. The review will be reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.Ethics and disseminationNo ethical issues are predicted due to the nature of this study. Dissemination will occur via conference abstracts, professional networks, peer-reviewed journals and patient support groups.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42022363730.
Validation of the Scandinavian guidelines for minor and moderate head trauma in children: protocol for a pragmatic, prospective, observational, multicentre cohort study
Authors: Wickbom Fredrik , Calcagnile Olga , Marklund Niklas , Undén Johan 
Published: April 2024

IntroductionMild traumatic brain injury is common in children and it can be challenging to accurately identify those in need of urgent medical intervention. The Scandinavian guidelines for management of minor and moderate head trauma in children, the Scandinavian Neurotrauma Committee guideline 2016 (SNC16), were developed to aid in risk stratification and decision-making in Scandinavian emergency departments (EDs). This guideline has been validated externally with encouraging results, but internal validation in the intended healthcare system is warranted prior to broad clinical implementation.ObjectiveWe aim to validate the diagnostic accuracy of the SNC16 to predict clinically important intracranial injuries (CIII) in paediatric patients suffering from blunt head trauma, assessed in EDs in Sweden and Norway.Methods and analysisThis is a prospective, pragmatic, observational cohort study. Children (aged 0–17 years) with blunt head trauma, presenting with a Glasgow Coma Scale of 9–15 within 24 hours postinjury at an ED in 1 of the 16 participating hospitals, are eligible for inclusion. Included patients are assessed and managed according to the clinical management routines of each hospital. Data elements for risk stratification are collected in an electronic case report form by the examining doctor. The primary outcome is defined as CIII within 1 week of injury. Secondary outcomes of importance include traumatic CT findings, neurosurgery and 3-month outcome. Diagnostic accuracy of the SNC16 to predict endpoints will be assessed by point estimate and 95% CIs for sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratio, negative predictive value and positive predictive value.Ethics and disseminationThe study is approved by the ethical board in both Sweden and Norway. Results from this validation will be published in scientific journals, and a tailored development and implementation process will follow if the SNC16 is found safe and effective.Trial registration numberNCT05964764.
Real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes from a retrospective chart review study of patients with recurrent or advanced endometrial cancer who progressed following prior systemic therapy in Europe
Authors: Zhang Jingchuan , Kelkar Sneha S , Prabhu Vimalanand S , Qiao Yao , Grall Véronique , Miles Nicola , Marth Christian 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo evaluate real-world treatment patterns and clinical outcomes in recurrent/advanced endometrial cancer patients who progressed following prior systemic therapy in clinical practice in Europe.DesignEndometrial Cancer Health Outcomes-Europe (ECHO-EU) is a retrospective patient chart review study.SettingECHO-EU is a multicentre study conducted in the UK, Germany, Italy, France and Spain.ParticipantsPatients with recurrent/advanced endometrial cancer who progressed between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2019 following prior first-line systemic therapy were eligible and data were collected until last available follow-up through November 2021.Primary and secondary outcome measuresData collected included patient demographics, clinical and treatment characteristics, and clinical outcomes. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed since initiation of second-line therapy to estimate time to treatment discontinuation, real-world progression-free survival (rwPFS) and overall survival (OS).ResultsA total of 475 patients were included from EU5 countries. Median age was 69 years at advanced endometrial cancer diagnosis, 78.7% had stage IIIB–IV disease, 45.9% had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group status ≥2 at second-line therapy initiation. In second line, a majority of patients initiated either non-platinum-based chemotherapy (55.6%) or endocrine therapy (16.2%). Physician-reported real-world overall response rate (classified as complete or partial response) to second-line therapy was 34.5%, median rwPFS was 7.4 months (95% CI 6.2 to 8.0) and median OS was 11.0 months (95% CI 9.9 to 12.3).ConclusionsPatients had poor clinical outcomes with a median OS of <1 year and rwPFS of approximately 7 months, highlighting the significant unmet medical need in pretreated recurrent/advanced endometrial cancer patients. Novel therapies with potential to improve PFS and OS over conventional therapies could provide significant clinical benefit.