bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dementia, dementia's risk factors and premorbid brain structure are concentrated in disadvantaged areas: National register and birth‐cohort geographic analyses
Authors: Reuben Aaron , Richmond‐Rakerd Leah S. , Milne Barry , Shah Devesh , Pearson Amber , Hogan Sean , Ireland David , Keenan Ross , Knodt Annchen R. , Melzer Tracy , Poulton Richie , Ramrakha Sandhya , Whitman Ethan T. , Hariri Ahmad R. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Caspi Avshalom 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONDementia risk may be elevated in socioeconomically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Reasons for this remain unclear, and this elevation has yet to be shown at a national population level.METHODSWe tested whether dementia was more prevalent in disadvantaged neighborhoods across the New Zealand population (N = 1.41 million analytic sample) over a 20‐year observation. We then tested whether premorbid dementia risk factors and MRI‐measured brain‐structure antecedents were more prevalent among midlife residents of disadvantaged neighborhoods in a population‐representative NZ‐birth‐cohort (N = 938 analytic sample).RESULTSPeople residing in disadvantaged neighborhoods were at greater risk of dementia (HR per‐quintile‐disadvantage‐increase = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI]:1.08‐1.10) and, decades before clinical endpoints typically emerge, evidenced elevated dementia‐risk scores (CAIDE, LIBRA, Lancet, ANU‐ADRI, DunedinARB; β’s 0.31‐0.39) and displayed dementia‐associated brain structural deficits and cognitive difficulties/decline.DISCUSSIONDisadvantaged neighborhoods have more residents with dementia, and decades before dementia is diagnosed, residents have more dementia‐risk factors and brain‐structure antecedents. Whether or not neighborhoods causally influence risk, they may offer scalable opportunities for primary dementia prevention.
Blood Pressure after Successful Endovascular Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Control Trials
Authors: Gharaibeh Khaled , Aladamat Nameer , Mierzwa Adam T. , Rao Rahul , Alhajala Hisham , Al Kasab Sami , Anadani Mohammad , Burgess Richard , Zaidi Syed , Jumaa Mouhammad 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThere are limited data evaluating the optimum blood pressure (BP) goal post mechanical thrombectomy (MT) and its effect on outcomes of patients with large vessel occlusions (LVO). The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of intensive versus conventional BP control after reperfusion with MT via a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).MethodsWe searched PubMed and Embase to obtain articles related to BP control post MT through September 2023. The primary outcome was functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] 0‐2) at 3 months, while secondary outcomes included excellent outcome (mRS 0‐1), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH), and mortality.ResultsFour RCTs with 1,566 patients (762 randomized into intensive BP control vs. 806 randomized into conventional BP control) were included. Analysis showed that there was a lower likelihood of functional independence (mRS 0‐2: odds ratio [OR]: 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.51–0.91, p = 0.009) in the more intensive treatment group compared with the conventional treatment group. There was no statistically significant difference in achieving excellent outcome (mRS0‐1: OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.63–1.07; p = 0.15), risk of sICH or mortality.InterpretationThis systematic review and meta‐ analysis Indicates that in patients who achieved successful MT for acute ischemic stroke with LVO, intensive BP control was associated with a lower likelihood of functional independence at 3 months without significant difference in likelihood of achieving excellent outcome, sICH risk, or mortality. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:858–865
Cognitive Impairment Is Related to Glymphatic System Dysfunction in Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Margoni Monica , Pagani Elisabetta , Meani Alessandro , Preziosa Paolo , Mistri Damiano , Gueye Mor , Moiola Lucia , Filippi Massimo , Rocca Maria Assunta 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate whether, compared to pediatric healthy controls (HCs), the glymphatic system is impaired in pediatric multiple sclerosis (MS) patients according to their cognitive status, and to assess its association with clinical disability and MRI measures of brain structural damage.MethodsSixty‐five pediatric MS patients (females = 62%; median age = 15.5 [interquartile range, IQR = 14.5;17.0] years) and 23 age‐ and sex‐matched HCs (females = 44%; median age = 14.1 [IQR = 11.8;16.2] years) underwent neurological, neuropsychological and 3.0 Tesla MRI assessment, including conventional and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). We calculated the diffusion along the perivascular space (DTI‐ALPS) index, a proxy of glymphatic function. Cognitive impairment (Co‐I) was defined as impairment in at least 2 cognitive domains.ResultsNo significant differences in DTI‐ALPS index were found between HCs and cognitively preserved (Co‐P) pediatric MS patients (estimated mean difference [EMD] = −0.002 [95% confidence interval = −0.069; 0.065], FDR‐p = 0.956). Compared to HCs and Co‐P patients, Co‐I pediatric MS patients (n = 20) showed significantly lower DTI‐ALPS index (EMD = −0.136 [95% confidence interval = −0.214; −0.058], FDR‐p ≤ 0.004). In HCs, no associations were observed between DTI‐ALPS index and normalized brain, cortical and thalamic volumes, and normal‐appearing white matter (NAWM) fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) (FDR‐p ≥ 0.348). In pediatric MS patients, higher brain WM lesion volume (LV), higher NAWM MD, lower normalized thalamic volume, and lower NAWM FA were associated with lower DTI‐ALPS index (FDR‐p ≤ 0.016). Random Forest selected lower DTI‐ALPS index (relative importance [RI] = 100%), higher brain WM LV (RI = 59.5%) NAWM MD (RI = 57.1%) and intelligence quotient (RI = 51.3%) as informative predictors of cognitive impairment (out‐of‐bag area under the curve = 0.762).InterpretationGlymphatic system dysfunction occurs in pediatric MS, is associated with brain focal lesions, irreversible tissue loss accumulation and cognitive impairment. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:1080–1092
Antibacterial and cytotoxic performance of methenamine‐based poly(lactic acid)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA/PEG) composite films
Authors: Dandan Doganci Merve , Doganci Erdinc , Balci Huseyin , Cetin Metin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, antimicrobial plasticized poly(lactic acid) (PLA) films by incorporating poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and methenamine (MA) were prepared by solvent casting method. We investigated the effects of different concentrations of MA on the antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) which were types of gram‐negative and gram‐positive bacteria in turn. It was determined that as the rate of MA in the PLA/PEG film enhanced, its antimicrobial activity against both bacteria also increased. As a result, the maximum inhibitory effect for E. coli was seen in MA5, MA8, and M10 films, and it reduced the bacterial population by 100%. In S. aureus, the high inhibition effect was seen in the MA8 film, and it reduced the bacterial population by 95%. Moreover, as the MA concentration increases, the thermal stability of PLA/PEG films increases and approaches the thermal decomposition temperature of neat PLA. The incorporation of 0.5% MA to this system caused a significant increase in elongation at break values. It is concluded that a minimum concentration of MA is sufficient for high flexibility compared with pure PLA. These MA containing PLA/PEG composite films have potential applications as biodegradable flexible packaging materials.
Facile Preparation of Impalement Resistant, Mechanically Robust and Weather Resistant Photothermal Superhydrophobic Coatings for Anti‐/De‐icing
Authors: Wei Jinfei , Liang Weidong , Mao Mingyuan , Li Bucheng , Zhang Junping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPhotothermal superhydrophobic coatings hold great promise in addressing the limitations of conventional superhydrophobic anti‐icing coatings. However, developing such coatings with excellent impalement resistance, mechanical robustness and weather resistance remains a significant challenge. Here, we report facile preparation of robust photothermal superhydrophobic coatings with all the above advantages. The coatings were prepared by spraying a dispersion consisting of fluorinated silica nanoparticles, a silicone‐modified polyester adhesive and photothermal carbon black nanoparticles onto Al alloy plates followed by thermal curing. Thermal curing caused migration of perfluorodecyl polysiloxane from within the coatings to the surface, effectively maintaining a low surface energy despite the presence of the adhesive. Therefore, combined with the hierarchical micro‐/nanostructure, dense yet rough nanostructure, adhesion of the adhesive and chemically inert components, the coatings exhibited remarkable superhydrophobicity, impalement resistance, mechanical robustness and weather resistance. Furthermore, the coatings demonstrated excellent photothermal effect even in the −10 °C, 80 % relative humidity and weak sunlight (0.2 sun) environment. Consequently, the coatings showed excellent passive anti‐icing and active de‐icing performance. Moreover, the coatings have good generalizability and scalability. We are confident that this study will accelerate the practical implementation of photothermal superhydrophobic coatings.
Cover Picture: Astron. Nachr. 1/2024
Authors: Bedin L. R. , Dietrich J. , Burgasser A. J. , Apai D. , Libralato M. , Griggio M. , Fontanive C. , Pourbaix D. 
Published: March 2024

Motion on the sky of the brown dwarf binary system Luhman 16 AB. At a distance of less than 2 pc, it is known as the nearest pair of this type to Earth. (Top:) The entire 4.7ʹ × 4ʹ region surrounding Luhman 16 AB, as monitored by HST. (Bottom:) Zoom‐in of the 25ʺ × 7ʺ rectangular region indicated in red in the top panel, showing the complete trajectory in the sky of Luhman 16 A and B during the period of 7.4 years monitored by recent HST observations. The astrometric solution for the Luhman AB barycenter, with and without parallax is indicated by blue and magenta curves, respectively. For details about the search for a suspected exoplanet orbiting one of the brown dwarf components see Bedin et al., this issue, e230158.image
In‐situ Construction of Self‐Healing Polyelectrolyte/Polyzwitterion Coacervate Framework for High‐Performance Silicon Anodes
Authors: Zhang Yingchuan , Han Yongkang , Lei Yike , Ni Jie , Zhou Weidong , Xiao Qiangfeng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSilicon is considered as a promising candidate for anode materials due to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity and natural abundance. However, the commercialization is severely hampered by the large strain and short cycle life. Herein, we have synthesized a reversible polyelectrolyte/polyzwitterion coacervate framework to achieve high‐performance silicon anodes with high initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and stable cyclability. Such coacervate framework is formed via in‐situ free radical polymerization of zwitterionic 2‐methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) with polyacrylic acid (pAA) during heating the slurry. The resulting pAA/pMPC coacervate framework presents excellent adhesion, thermal stability, and negligible swelling in the electrolyte. Comparing with pAA, pAA/pMPC0.1 coacervate framework binder exhibits superior performance during charge/discharge. The ICE is improved from 84.41 %, to 87.61 %. After 250 cycles, the specific capacity of pAA/pMPC0.1 silicon anode is 1678 mAh g−1 with a retention of 78 % while the pAA silicon anode completely failed after less than 200 cycles. Such improvement is ascribed to the structural integrity of the electrode endowed by the self‐healing ability of pAA/pMPC coacervate framework. This work not only offers a feasible method to in‐situ construct coacervate framework with self‐healing capability to achieve high‐performance silicon anodes but also a compatible electrode preparation process for other high‐capacity materials.
Promoter screening and identification for metabolic regulation in Acremonium chrysogenum
Authors: Liu Ling , Li Runge , Zhang Xinrun , Chen Zhen , Mohsin Ali , Hang Haifeng , Tian Xiwei , Chu Ju 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAcremonium chrysogenum is the major industrial producer of cephalosporin C (CPC), which is used as raw material for the production of significant cephalosporin antibiotics. Due to the lack of diverse promoter elements, the development of metabolic engineering transformation is relatively slow, resulting in a limited improvement on CPC production. In this study, based on the analysis of the transcriptome profile, 27 candidate promoters were selected to drive the expression of the reporter genes. The promoter activities of this library ranged from 0.0075 to 101 times of the control promoter PAngpdA. Simultaneously, a rapid screening method for potential bidirectional promoters was developed and 4 strong bidirectional promoters from 27 candidate options were identified and validated. Finally, the Golden Gate method was employed to combine promoter modules from the library with various target genes. Through a mixed transformation and screening process, high‐yielding strains AG‐6, AG‐18, and AG‐41 were identified, exhibiting an increase in CPC production of 30%, 35%, and 29%, respectively, compared to the control strain Ac‐∆axl2:: eGFP. Therefore, the utilization of this promoter library offers a broader range of synthetic biology toolkits for the genetic engineering transformation of A. chrysogenum, thus establishing a solid foundation for the precise regulation of gene expression.
Standardized approach for accurate and reliable model development of ion‐exchange chromatography based on parameter‐by‐parameter method and consideration of extra‐column effects
Authors: Chen Yu‐Cheng , Lu Hui‐Li , Wang Rong‐Zhu , Sun Guo , Zhang Xue‐Qin , Liang Jing‐Qi , Jungbauer Alois , Yao Shan‐Jing , Lin Dong‐Qiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping an accurate and reliable model for chromatographic separation that meets regulatory requirements and ensures consistency in model development remains challenging. In order to address this challenge, a standardized approach was proposed in this study with ion‐exchange chromatography (IEC). The approach includes the following steps: liquid flow identification, system and column‐specific parameters determination and validation, multi‐component system identification, protein amount validation, steric mass action parameters determination and evaluation, and validation of the calibrated model's generalization ability. The parameter‐by‐parameter (PbP) calibration method and the consideration of extra‐column effects were integrated to enhance the accuracy of the developed models. The experiments designed for implementing the PbP method (five gradient experiments for model calibration and one stepwise experiment for model validation) not only streamline the experimental workload but also ensure the extrapolation abilities of the model. The effectiveness of the standardized approach is successfully validated through an application about the IEC separation of industrial antibody variants, and satisfactory results were observed with R2 ≈ 0.9 for the majority of calibration and validation experiments. The standardized approach proposed in this work contributes significantly to improve the accuracy and reliability of the developed IEC models. Models developed using this standardized approach are ready to be applied to a broader range of industrial separation systems, and are likely find further applications in model‐assisted decision‐making of process development.
Hybrid approach to management for a patient with culture negative infective endocarditis with profunda femoris mycotic pseudoaneurysm: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Alshair Fahad M. , Baghaffar Abdullah H. , Fatani Mazin A. , jamjoom Reda A. 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageMycotic pseudoaneurysms can be a serious and life threatening complication of left sided infective endocarditis. They most commonly affect the major axial vessels. Profunda femoris artery (PFA) aneurysms are rare and present in only 0.5% of all peripheral aneurysms, regardless of the underlying etiology. We present a case of a patient who underwent mitral valve repair for severe mitral regurgitation secondary to culture negative IE which was complicated by multiple mycotic pseudoaneurysm. The PFA pseudoaneurysm which was affected and was complicated with a large hematoma compressing the femoral nerve. This was managed by a staged hybrid approach. Endovascular stenting was performed first to seal the pseudoaneurysm and facilitate open surgical repair using a reversed interposition saphenous vein graft. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a PFA mycotic aneurysm (MA) being managed by a hybrid approach using endo‐vascular and open surgical repair. MAs and pseudoaneurysms are complex and life threatening conditions requiring meticulous planning for optimal management. Endovascular stenting can be considered as an alternative to surgical management in certain cases or as a bridge to definitive open surgical repair depending on anatomical location and associated complications.
Research on enhancing separation of ultra‐fine droplets using turbulators between adjacent demister plates in WFGD systems
Authors: Jia Yong , Yang Meilian , Bai Jin , Bu Shi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo enhance the performance of demister applied in wet flue gas desulphurization systems, flow turbulators are equipped between adjacent plates to reconstruct flow field. Both experimental and numerical approaches are employed to investigate the influence of various kinds of turbulator configurations upon removal of droplets within the range of 5–50 μm obeying Rosin‐Rammler distribution. Turbulators including spoiler, square column, concave groove, perforated concave groove, and triangular and cylinder columns are compared, among which spoiler provided the highest overall efficiency while square column yields the best graded efficiency for 5 μm droplets group. Furthermore, moving the spoiler towards the core region of the demister ducts received better performance due to augmented interaction between spoiler and drainage channels, which performed an essential role in droplets collection. Based on this knowledge, spoilers are optimized by changing their angle of attack and size; the result is positive since overall separation efficiency can be improved to 100%, along with graded efficiencies for 10 and 5 μm groups achieving 95.97% and 27.26%, respectively, much higher than those of baseline demister without turbulators. This study indicates that inertial‐based demisters have great potential in separating ultra‐fine droplets through reorganizing turbulence field, thus extra system loss can be avoided by abandoning additional filter components.
Hierarchical MPC‐based control structure for continuous biodiesel production
Authors: Patti Miguel A. , Braccia Lautaro , Feroldi Diego , Zumoffen David 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis paper presents an advanced control strategy for a continuous biodiesel production plant based on a steady‐state optimizer and model predictive control (MPC). The proposed control system aims to optimize the production process and maintain product quality within required specifications. First, two steady‐state optimizers were developed with the aim of minimizing the steady‐state deviations of the manipulated and controlled variables and minimizing the biodiesel production cost. An MPC was then formulated to track the set points imposed by the steady‐state optimizers in real time and manipulate the control inputs accordingly. The scope of this work is limited to measured disturbances only. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is demonstrated through dynamic simulation studies performed using HYSYS and MATLAB. The results obtained using the proposed control methodology show significant improvements in performance compared to conventional control strategies. Furthermore, it avoids the quality problem reflected in the amount of water in the final product that the original plant presented due to an inadequate design of the control strategy. Overall, the results of this research indicate that the proposed advanced control strategy has the potential to improve the efficiency and profitability of continuous biodiesel production plants.
Stereoselective α‐Glycosylation with GlcN3 Donors Enabled Collective Syntheses of Acinetobacter baumannii Capsular Polysaccharides K43, K47 and K88 Repeating Units†
Authors: Shou Kunxiu , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Yunqin , Xiao Guozhi 
Published: March 2024

Comprehensive SummaryCollective syntheses of A. baumannii CPS K43, K47 and K88 repeating units have been accomplished via a new α‐glycosylation method with GlcN3 as donors, which features: 1) mild reaction conditions, 2) good to high yields, 3) excellent stereoselectivities. The synthetic route also highlights an orthogonal one‐pot coupling strategy on the basis of glycosyl ortho‐(1‐phenylvinyl)benzoates for stereoselective constructions of both 1,2‐trans and 1,2‐cis glycosidic bonds, precluding the issues of aglycone transfer.
Design and analysis of frequency selective surface embedded broadband high gain miniaturized antenna
Authors: Tewary Tapas , Maity Smarajit , Roy Avisankar , Mandal Kaushik , Kundu Surajit , Bhunia Sunandan 
Published: March 2024

SummaryIncorporating the better impedance matching capability of planar curved radiating patch, a miniaturized broadband planar antenna has been designed, analyzed, and integrated with frequency selective surface (FSS) to accomplish higher gain for various short‐range and long‐range modern wireless communication applications. Physical and electrical volume of the presented antenna is 25 × 20 × 1.6
and 0.25
× 0.20
× 0.016
, respectively. The proposed radiating patch is constructed from a conventional rectangular patch by transforming the upper side of the patch into a semi‐circular shape and the lower side of the patch into a staircase‐like shape. Measured outcomes of the designed antenna show a very large operating bandwidth of 19.8 GHz (3–22.8 GHz) with a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 153.5% and bandwidth dimension ratio (BDR) of 3070. An equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the proposed antenna is developed using an advanced design system (ADS) circuit simulator. The frequency responses of the ECM are compared with the simulation done by CST Microwave Studio Suite software and measurement results, which show good agreement. An FSS structure with stop band from 2–28 GHz is positioned beneath the proposed antenna at optimal position (27 mm below the antenna) to enhance the gain up to 8.9 dBi. The presented antenna and FSS are fabricated on FR4 substrate and experimentally verified using standard microwave measurement setup.