bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diversity and distribution of vascular epiphytes in the forest lower canopy in Kibale National Park, western Uganda
Authors: Mucunguzi Patrick 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study determined the species composition of the vascular epiphytes and the influence of substrates on the composition of the epiphytic species in the lower canopy of large host tree species. A single‐rope technique was used to access the canopy. The lower canopy had 59 species distributed in fifteen families and 34 genera. The dominant families on the basis of species numbers were Orchidaceae (23), Aspleniaceae (ten) and Polypodiaceae (six). The collections included 21 ferns, 23 orchids, five Ficus spp. and ten species of herbaceous epiphytes. While the orchids and other herbaceous species decreased along a decreasing rainfall gradient, the epiphytic ferns did not. Most epiphytes utilized the light humus and heavy humus types of substrate. It is possible that the nutrients and moisture in the substrates contribute to the high diversity of epiphytes in the canopy crowns.
Immunomodulatory drugs stimulate natural killer‐cell function, alter cytokine production by dendritic cells, and inhibit angiogenesis enhancing the anti‐tumour activity of rituximab in vivo
Authors: Reddy Nishitha , Hernandez‐Ilizaliturri Francisco J. , Deeb George , Roth Mark , Vaughn Mary , Knight Joy , Wallace Paul , Czuczman Myron S. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryThe immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) lenalidomide and actimid (also known as CC‐4047) are thalidomide analogues which are more potent than their parental compound. In combination with rituximab, we have previously demonstrated that IMiDs have synergistic in vivo anti‐tumour activity in preclinical studies in a human lymphoma severe combined immunodeficiency mouse model. This report further explored the mechanisms by which IMiDs exert their anti‐lymphoma effects. Following exposure of subcutaneous lymphoma tumours in murine models to IMiDs, there was a significant increase in the recruitment of natural killer (NK) cells to tumour sites. This increase in NK cells was mediated via stimulation of dendritic cells and modification of the cytokine microenvironment associated with an increase in monocyte chemotactic protein‐1, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interferon‐γ and probably augmented rituximab‐associated antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity. IMiDs also had significant anti‐angiogenic effects in our B‐cell lymphoma models. Thus, by modulation of the immune system mediated via dendritic cells and NK cells, changing the cytokine milieu, as well as by their anti‐angiogenic effects, IMiDs in combination with rituximab resulted in augmented in vivo anti‐tumour effects against B‐cell lymphoma. Our positive preclinical data adds additional support for the evaluation of IMiDs plus rituximab in patients with relapsed/refractory B‐cell lymphoma.
Individualized nursing care: some implications
Authors: REED JAN 
Published: November 2007

Summary

This paper gives a brief account of the development of individualized nursing care, from the introduction of the nursing process to the more recent interest in primary nursing.
Individualized care would appear to have been adopted as an ideal by the nursing profession, with little debate about some of the possible implications of such an approach.
The paper outlines some other perspectives on patient care, and discusses the limitations of an individualistic framework which fails to acknowledge the communal and societal aspects of patient care.
Who speaks for the children?
Authors: CHAMBERS MARGARET A. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

It would probably be a truism to say that most professional nurses consider patient/client advocacy to be an essential component of their role—indeed, there is a UKCC Advisory paper (Exercising Accountability, 1989), which categorically states that this is so. ‘The introductory paragraphs of the Code of Professional Conduct, together with several of its clauses, include clearly the expectation that the practitioner will accept a role as an advocate on behalf of his or her patients/clients.’
Some professional nurses, however, consider advocacy to be too altruistic an activity and prefer to leave it to others.
A learning experience in communication: psychosocial expansion
Authors: EHRENFELD M. , ZIV L. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

A short applied clinical experience in communication was undertaken in a course of 60 first‐year nursing students.
The prime assumptions were that early clinical supervised exposure and directed socialization toward psychosocial skills are major aspects of nursing education.
The success of the project, as measured, was evident in the good feelings expressed by all participants.
A major role was played by the immediacy of the implementation of the intervention directly after the theoretical learning. In addition, students had good feelings about being an actual functioning part of the system. A similar feeling of belonging and of team‐work was also apparent in the staff members who were actively involved as partners through the process of planning and implementation.
The contribution of nurses to children's well‐being in hospital: a selective review of the literature
Authors: WHILE ALISON E. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

The literature demonstrating the effects of child hospitalization is reviewed prior to a review of selected aspects of a child's hospital experience.
Despite the clearly demonstrated benefit of preparatory work with children and their parents, it appears that British nurses have not widely incorporated well‐researched techniques into their practice.
Hospitalization appears to be a lonely experience both for children and their parents.
Pain management is also reviewed and it is clear that optimal pain relief has yet to be attained.
Subjectivity and objectivity in the measurement of nursing workload
Authors: PROCTER SUSAN 
Published: November 2007

Summary

This article identifies the factors which influenced the nurse staffing levels observed on three nurse training wards in one District Health Authority.
Staffing levels reflected historical approaches to budget settings within the district as well as the characteristics of the local labour market for nursing.
The article offers a critique of current manpower methodology in nursing which tends to focus on producing objective measurements of nursing workload.
Factors such as budgets and labour markets may be more important in nurse manpower planning than measurements of workload because in practice nurses tend to identify only those patient care needs that can be met by the current staffing levels. Therefore, the prevailing staffing structure will tend to dominate any attempt to measure workload.
Empathy: a therapeutic phenomenon in nursing care
Authors: KRISTJÁNSDÓTTIR GUDRÚN 
Published: November 2007

Summary

Although numerous definitions have been presented and several attempts have been made to operationalize the concept of empathy, no theoretical framework exists that addresses the concept in depth.
This paper focuses on the concept of empathy as it is presented in the literature by comparing the different theoretical and operational approaches pertaining to the concept.
A theoretical definition of the concept of empathy is developed.
The appropriateness of the different definitions of empathy will be considered in terms of their pragmatic adequacy for nursing.
Relocation stress in adolescent females: depression, anxiety and coping
Authors: PUSKAR KATHRYN R. , LADELY SHIRLEY J. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

This descriptive exploratory study estimates the prevalence of depression and anxiety in relocated adolescent females. The sample of 17 adolescent girls, aged 14‐16 years, was recruited from the public high school of a highly mobile suburb of Western Pennsylvania. Subjects had experienced a move within the past 3–18 months.
Subjects were interviewed and the following instruments were administered: the Relocation Survey, the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist, the Mooney Problem Checklist, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire, the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale, and the Life Event Record‐Senior High Version.
Findings indicated that the initial reaction to the move by 76% of the girls was a feeling of sadness. The part of the move liked least was leaving friends.
Eighteen per cent indicated that they lacked confidence in their own ability to adjust to the new school. Three of the 17 subjects (18%) were clinically depressed and 18% suffered moderate levels of anxiety.
The most frequently used coping strategy was escape‐avoidance.
Results of this study have implications for teachers, parents, school guidance counsellors, school nurses, and the masters‐prepared psychiatric mental health nurse consultant.
The nursing contribution to the resuscitation debate
Authors: RUNDELL SIMON , RUNDELL LORRAINE 
Published: November 2007

Summary

The nursing contribution to the dilemma of which patients should or should not be resuscitated is being subjected to increasing scrutiny, from philosophical, clinical and economic viewpoints.
This paper is a critique of the current climate in which the rights of the patient are secondary to the wishes of health‐care professionals.
The paper proposes the adoption of a multidisciplinary dialogue to meet client needs. The crucial role of the nurse in this dialogue is examined and is related to the clinical practitioner's sphere of influence.
Health promotion: a role for perioperative nurses
Authors: DOBSON FIONA 
Published: November 2007

Summary

British theatre nurses are reluctant to identify health promotion as part of their work and when asked if they are involved in health promotion the answer is likely to be an emphatic ‘no’.
Many theatre nurses would be surprised by the shift of emphasis within nursing away from the medical model and towards a more holistic approach to care which encompasses the concept of health promotion.
British perioperative nursing should draw on health promotion for the benefit of surgical patients and operating department staff.
This paper outlines the contribution perioperative nurses can make to the creation of healthy life not only in their patients but also their co‐workers using established health‐promotion techniques. It is suggested that health promotion should be an essential part of the education of modern perioperative nurses.
Supporting elderly coronary patients in self‐help groups with a guidebook; a nurse intervention for public health
Authors: HILDINGH CATHRINE , FRIDLUND BENGT 
Published: November 2007

Summary

Elderly people arc more often subject to coronary diseases than young people, and the rapid growth of the number of elderly people in society has implications for care.
An interesting alternative or complement to traditional rehabilitative care is self‐help groups where ‘natural’ care can bring a new perspective to practice.
The aim of this paper is to describe a nurse intervention in connection with self‐help groups for elderly persons post‐coronary.
This intervention embraces health advice for the group members in the form of a guidebook, comprising physical, psychological and social health aspects to be used in group meetings.
From a public health perspective such an intervention is one way to show how nurses can work in rehabilitative care, as well as in promotive and preventive care, outside the health care and medical services.
The recurrence experience: family concerns during cancer chemotherapy
Authors: HALLIBURTON PAT , LARSON PATRICIA J. , DIBBLE SUZANNE , DODD MARYLIN J. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

Cancer affects the entire family but limited description exists of the experience of cancer recurrence from the perspective of the family.
The purpose of this report was to describe family concerns when a family member experiences out‐patient chemotherapy (CTX) for cancer recurrence.
During a 6‐month study period, 34 adults with recurrence of breast (50%), colorectal (15%), and other selected tumours, and their family members (n= 38) participated in three home interviews.
The Lewis et al. (1986) Problem Centered Family Coping Interview (PCFCI) was used to obtain family concerns, management strategies, and their effects. The interview data were thematically analysed by a panel of three nurses.
Families reported from one to eight family concerns, with the number varying minimally from the first PCFCI mean of 33 (SD 1‐8).
Cancer‐related concerns accounted for 35–43% of those identified; next in frequency was family issues (3–14%), then finances (5–10%). The most important concern did change over the study for some families.
Families had minimal difficulty in identifying concerns or in reaching consensus as to the most important family concern. The average impact of the most important concern on the family ranged from 4·1 to 47middot;8 on a six‐point scale, with 6′ defined as an extreme amount.
There is considerable conjecture in practice about the cancer recurrence event for patients and their family members. This study contributes to an understanding of the family's experience with disease recurrence.
The reactions of 40 patients unexpectedly admitted to hospital
Authors: BOWMAN GERALD S. , WEBSTER ROSEMARY A. , THOMPSON DAVID R. 
Published: November 2007

SummaryForty patients (21 men and 19 women) unexpectedly informed that they were to be admitted to hospital were interviewed about their reactions from the time they knew of the imminent admission up until the admission itself. The interviews were carried out shortly after admission to a medical ward.Patients' reactions were numerous and diverse. The most common reaction was relief at being admitted. Other reactions were related to anticipating the hospital experience, feelings about their predicament, and concern about life beyond their stay in hospital.Men and women expressed a similar number of reactions, but those who had previously been in hospital expressed fewer reactions than those who had not.The findings are discussed and the implications for practice are considered.
Post‐operative pain in children: a review of the literature
Authors: GILLIES MARJORIE L. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

Post‐operative pain has been increasingly reported over the last 40 years.
Literature reporting pain in children is increasing.
Although methods of assessing pain in children have been developed over the last 15 years, difficulties still exist.
The long‐standing problems of managing pain persist because practice is often based on misconceptions rather than research.
This failure to base practice on research is caused, in part, by the fact that neither medical nor nurse training recognizes pain as a specific subject area in its own right.
Until training changes and practice improves, post‐operative pain in children is likely to remain poorly recognized and undertreated.
Valuing the midwife's role in the midwife/client relationship
Authors: McCREA HALLY 
Published: November 2007

Summary

The unique role of the midwife is to care for childbearing women through help and assistance. This study set out to identify those factors which influence the midwife/client relationship.
A qualitative approach using in‐depth interviews with 16 mid wives was adopted for the study to generate explanations of midwives' understanding of the factors which affected the midwife/client relationship.
Dilemma analysis of the interview data identified two key factors which affected how the midwives related to clients and which centred on different aspects of the midwife's role. They include:

the nature and value of the midwife's role,
the recognition of authority/autonomy in practising this role.

The findings are discussed and a number of recommendations made for changes relating to midwifery education, practice and organizational issues.
It is concluded that these changes are crucial if the midwife/client relationship is to be of therapeutic value to clients.
Special Hospital seclusion and its clinical variations
Authors: MASON TOM 
Published: November 2007

Summary

The terminology used in the published literature to indicate that a patient is being denied, or is denying themself, the company of other people is wide and varied.
With ever growing concerns of the rights, both civil and legal, of patients receiving treatment, either solicited or unsolicited, there is a need to identify the patterns of practice in any given organization and to establish their relationship to the terminological semantic.
The Special Hospitals, who cater for those patients requiring a high degree of security, have been assumed to use seclusion to a greater degree than any other form of personal‐space facility, either forced by the staff or elected by the patient. However, this has largely been based on hearsay and speculation.
Seclusion may be perceived as a clinical psychiatric intervention to prevent the serious deterioration of a person's mental state or as a method of containment of a dangerous situation when all else fails.
This study was based on a survey of all seclusion facilities within the Special Hospital system and discussions with over 100 nursing staff about the differing types and methods of providing patient withdrawal from the ward community for whatever reason.
The results highlighted a clear uniformity of practice throughout the system despite the differing terminologies used.
Do health visitors promote client participation? An analysis of the health visitor—client interaction
Authors: KENDALL SALLY 
Published: November 2007

Summary

This paper presents one aspect of a larger study the aim of which was to explore and describe the extent to which clients participate in family health‐promotion encounters with health visitors.
The health visitor–client interaction during a home visit was seen to be the most appropriate setting in which to carry out the study.
Analysis of 62 tape‐recorded interactions and 75 paired interviews revealed that client participation is rarely initiated by the client or elicited by the health visitor.
This has implications for the future education and practice of health visitors when they are being asked to take a more empowering approach to health promotion.
Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection: a review
Authors: ROE BRENDA 
Published: November 2007

Summary

Catheter‐associated urinary tract infection is still one of the most challenging aspects pf clinical practice, not only for professionals who work in the area of infection control, but for all who care for patients.
Urethral catheters may be used to promote post‐operative repair, relieve anatomical or physiological obstruction and provide an accurate measure of urinary output.
Catheters also have a part to play in the management of intractable urinary incontinence, but admittedly less so than 10 years ago, as we now have alternative techniques and appliances, such as intermittent self catheterization (ISC), penile sheaths and an extensive range of incontinence pads.
This paper reviews recent developments in catheterization and catheter care intended to prevent or alleviate urinary tract infections and associated problems.
Changing power relationships between nurses: a case‐study of early changes towards patient‐centred nursing
Authors: TITCHEN ANGIE , BINNIE ALISON 
Published: November 2007

Summary

This case‐study provides a description and interpretation of the traditional power relationship between a sister and staff nurses, in an acute general medical ward.
The ways in which the nurses changed that power relationship, with the introduction of team nursing are explored.
The paper describes, from the sister's and nurses' perspectives, the difficulties associated with the devolution of authority, from sister to team leaders, and the resulting confusion about the new relationship between them.
Three themes emerged in the changing power relationships and these are presented and examined.
A study of the provision of health checks and health‐promotion clinics in 18 general practices
Authors: OCHERA JENNIFER , HILTON SEAN , BLAND J. MARTIN , DOWELL ANTHONY C. , JONES DAVID R. 
Published: November 2007

Summary

The objective of this study was to describe the variation in provision of health checks and health‐promotion clinics operating under the regulations of the 1990 Contract for general practice in the UK.
Eighteen group practices in three Family Health Service Authority (FHSA) areas of England (two in the South West Thames region and one in the Yorkshire region) were selected for the study. The nurses, largely responsible for the implementation of the health checks at these practices, were interviewed using semi‐structured interview schedules. They were asked about age‐groups targeted, means of recruiting patients for clinics, duration of clinic appointments, and procedures carried out in clinics.
All practices offered health checks, and 55% had started doing so before introduction of the 1990 Contract. Recruitment for health checks took place in a number of ways: self‐referral (83% of practices); opportunistically in those with coronary heart disease risk factors (78%); opportunistically during attendance for cervical smears (62%); screening in at least one patient group (78%). Blood pressure, height, weight, urinalysis and life‐style advice were included by all practices. Stress management and quit smoking strategies were offered only by a minority of practices. Duration of first health‐check appointment ranged between 15 and 30 minutes.
The basic content of health checks, and life‐style advice given appeared consistent between the widely varying practices. However, the resources available for intervention and follow up showed more variation.
Complementary roles of nurse and health‐care assistant
Authors: AHMED LAILA BANA , KITSON ALISON 
Published: November 2007

Summary

In community hospitals, and units for people with learning disabilities, the theoretical framework of Oxfordshire nursing services was used to examine the complementary roles of nurse and support worker.
This framework proposes that the mix in nursing teams should be determined by the needs of patients/clients.
The sample consisted of directors of nursing services, senior nurses/managers, nurses, support workers and patients/clients. Data were collected by utilizing a multimethod approach.
Findings showed that in the deployment of grade‐mix the needs of clients/patients were overlooked.
In the community hospitals the primary nurses were the main caregivers regardless of whether the patients needed the qualified input. Conversely, in the units for people with learning disabilities, the main involvement of direct‐care staff disregarded the fact that needs of many clients could only be met with a nurse's input.
In their present supervisory role the primary nurses were posed with the problem of losing client contact.
On becoming effective in taking ethical action*
Authors: JOHNS CHRISTOPHER 
Published: November 2007

SummaryAs nursing strives to embrace the ideology of humanism in practice, learnt ways of dealing with the ethical dimensions of practice become increasingly problematic as a framework for guiding ethical action.This paper shares how effective ethical actions can be learnt through guided reflection, using the shared experiences of a primary nurse as an illustration.These experiences are part of an ongoing research study that involves the author working with practitioners to enable them to become effective in defined work.