bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the SSI from an instrumented building response
Authors: Zaicenco A. , Alkaz V. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe long‐term project for seismic instrumentation of a 16‐storey reinforced concrete cast‐in‐place dwelling building (str. Roz 15, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova) has provided data on structural response during moderate‐magnitude (Gutenberg‐Richter MGR = 5·0–6·7) earthquakes since the late 1970s. The effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) is clearly observed from the recorded response. SSI becomes more pronounced for higher level of ground shaking (larger magnitudes), amplifying and increasing the predominant period of the structure and slightly suppressing high frequencies on the foundation in comparison with the free‐field motion. Numerical examples which highlight the problem issues and support the conclusions are presented using finite element method and bidirectional lumped‐mass storey‐stiffness models. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Progressive collapse analysis of an RC structure
Authors: Sasani Mehrdad , Kropelnicki Jesse 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProgressive collapse denotes a failure of a major portion of a structure that has been initiated by failure in a relatively small portion of the structure. One approach to evaluate progressive collapse of structures is to study the effects of instantaneous removal of a load‐bearing element such as a column. An experimental program is carried out to study the behavior of a 3/8 scaled model of a continuous perimeter beam in a reinforced concrete frame structure following the removal of a supporting column. A detailed finite element model (FEM) is developed and verified to capture the behavior of the beam subjected to large deformation. In order to avoid a detailed FEM of the whole building and to efficiently capture the system response, a three‐dimensional nonlinear model of the structure using beam–column and shell elements is also developed. The two models are integrated through hybrid (substructuring) simulations. The potential progressive collapse of the structure and the dynamic load redistributions following column removals are studied. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Measurement of lipid oxidation: A review
Authors: Gray J. I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractLipids become rancid as a result of oxidation, and this oxidative rancidity is a major cause of food deterioration. The acceptability of a food product depends on the extent to which this deterioration has occurred. Thus some criterion for assessing the extent of oxidation is required. This paper reviews the experimental techniques for the measurement of lipid oxidation. The spectrum of tests ranges from simple organoleptic evaluations to chemical and physical methods. There is no ideal chemical method which correlates well with changes in organoleptic properties of oxidized lipids throughout the entire course of autoxidation. The methods discussed each give information about particular stages of the autoxidative process, and some are more applicable to certain lipid systems than others. The method of choice depends on a number of factors including the nature and history of the oxidized sample, the type of information required, the time available, and the test conditions. Clearly, there is a need for a more thorough assessment of the available methods so that unreliable, cumbersome methods may be discarded and modifications made to the remaining methods to maximize the information obtained. The ultimate criterion for the suitability of any test is its agreement with sensory perception of rancid flavors and odors.
Effects of ph on foam stability of dimethyldodecylamine oxide and n‐dodecyl‐2‐anninopropionic acid in aqueous solutions
Authors: Tsujii K. , Arai H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFoam stability of aqueous solutions of dimethyl‐dodecylamine oxide (DMAO) and N‐dodecyl‐2‐aminopropionic acid (DAPA) has been studied in relation to pH by means of the dynamic method. The foam of DMAO solution is stabilized in the acidic pH region, while with the DAPA solution, the foam is stable in either the acidic or basic pH range and unstable between them. The results suggest that the foam stability of the solutions of these two surfactants is governed by the formation of ionic species of the surfactants. It can be presumed that the adsorption of the ionic species of the surfactant molecules at the surface of foam films establishes an electric double‐layer which makes the foams stable.
Biological evaluation of crambe meals detoxified by water extraction on a continuous filter
Authors: Baker E. C. , Mustakas G. C. , Gumbmann M. R. , Gould D. H. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryCrambe meals prepared by water extraction on a continuous filter when fed to rats gave protein efficiency ratios that were equal to or higher than the casein control, indicating that the water washing produced a palatable, nutritious meal. In a 4‐week chick‐feeding study, crambe was fed at 20% of the total diet. The diets containing crambe had somewhat lower gains (83–87% of control) and feed efficiency (94–95%) compared to the basal control group. Livers and kidneys appeared normal for all groups. There was some very slight gizzard erosion in the crambefed group. In a 90‐day rat‐feeding study, water‐washed crambe was fed at 30% of the total diet, and body and organ weights were determined. Growth was slightly less than with the 30% soy control. There were no significant differences among relative organ weights for all groups. Results of feeding studies in rats and chicks indicate that the process of water extraction on a continuous filter can successfully prepare crambe meals with greatly reduced toxicity.
Fatty acid content and composition of freshwater finfish
Authors: Kinsella J. E. , Shimp J. L. , Mai J. , Weihrauch J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryThe fatty acid content and composition of 18 species of freshwater fish filets were determined. The fat content and composition varied with anatomical location. The anterior ventral regions of trout and salmon contained more lipids than the posterior dorsal sections. Marked variations in fatty acid composition between species were observed. Palmitic (C16:0), palmitoleic (C16:1), oleic (C18:l), eicosapentaenoic (C20:5 ω3), and docosahexaenoic (C22:6 ω3) were the most abundant fatty acids. The fatty acids were tabulated according to the number and positions of the double bonds. Significant quantities of ω6 C18:2 and C20:4 fatty acids were found in several species.
Volatiles and oil quality
Authors: Jackson H. W. , Giacherio D. J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryA simple, rapid, and versatile procedure for collecting and measuring volatiles from edible oils is presented. The technique involves direct sampling, can be used with all gas chromatographs having adequate sensitivity, does not require special valving, and is not limited to a specific sample size. Correlation of volatiles with flavor panel scores was excellent with soybean oils aged at room temperature under normal fluorescent lighting. Identification of the major volatiles from aged soybean oil using this technique was accomplished using gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC‐MS).
Twenty‐five years of flavor research in a food industry
Authors: Keppler J. G. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract and SummaryIn the last few decades, flavor research has developed along different main routes. The first step was the discovery of the complex mixtures of volatile components that together build the particular flavors. Apart from this, interest became focused on the taste substances which, through interaction with the flavor carriers, impart aroma to a food. The third main route was the investigation of the deterioration in odor and taste due to oxidative or microbial spoilage. As these investigations progressed, it became clear that these flavor areas show considerable interaction and that, in addition, other sensory impressions of a product as regards shape, texture, color, etc., play a role in the ultimate subjective perception by the consumer. In this way, flavor research has widened into a complex branch of science, and it is becoming more and more apparent that consumer testing that encompasses all the elements mentioned above will have to indicate the real preferences of the public.
The acetoglycerides as plasticizers for vinyl resin
Authors: Magne Frank C. , Mod Robert R. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe screening evaluation experiments on a number of acetoglycerides have indicated that they can be used as secondary plasticizers to improve some of the plasticizing qualities of plasticizers, such as tricresyl phosphate and Santicizer 141, and as extenders for plasticizers, such as dioctyl sebacate. Additional information will be necessary in order to confirm the tentative conclusions drawn as to the effect of unsaturation, polyunsaturation, and degree of acetylation upon the plasticizing characteristics of the acetoglycerides to determine more precisely their potentialities for vinyl chloride resins and to extend the possible use of the acetoglycerides as plasticizers to other resins.
Factors affecting the stability of crude oils of 16 varieties of peanuts
Authors: Fore Sara P. , Morris Nelle J. , Mack C. H. , Freeman A. F. , Bickford W. G. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryThe relation between fatty acid compositions, tocopherol contents, and autoxidative stabilities of a series of 16 crude oils from different varieties of peanuts has been investigated. It was found that the relative linoleic acid content of the oils is one of the major factors affecting the variations in the stabilities of the oils tested. With the exception of the oils from Runner peanuts the tocopherol compositions of the oils were not found to vary significantly, either in the nature and distribution of individual tocopherols, or in total tocopherol contents. The enhanced stability of the oils from the Runner peanuts may be due in part to the higher tocopherol contents of these oils. There is some evidence that crude peanut oils contain some non‐tocopherol antioxidant and/or synergist.
Sexual dimorphism in rats: effects of early maternal separation and variable chronic stress on pituitary‐adrenal axis and behavior
Authors: Renard Georgina M. , Rivarola M. Angélica , Suárez Marta M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe pituitary‐adrenal axis response is gender‐dependent, showing lower activity in male rats. Furthermore, males showed low emotional behavior and females high emotionality when exposed to such chronic stress situations.The gender of an animal is a relevant factor in the development of responses to stress. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of early maternal separation on the pituitary‐adrenal activity and emotional behavior of adult male and female rats subjected to chronic variable stress. Male and female Wistar rats were isolated 4.5 h daily, during the three first weeks of life. At 48 days of age, the rats were exposed to variable chronic stress (five different stressors during 24 days). Non‐maternally separated and maternally separated males showed lower levels of ACTH compared to females (p < 0.01). In male rats exposed to variable chronic stress, the maternally separated animals showed a diminution in the levels of ACTH and Corticosterone (p < 0.05) compared to non‐maternally separated rats. In the Open Field test, the maternally separated and non‐maternally separated‐stressed males showed lower emotional reactivity compared with female rats. This was indicated by increase in ambulation (p < 0.05) and decrease in defecation (p < 0.05). Male rats subjected to variable chronic stress presented low emotional behavior seen in their lower defecation (p < 0.05). Stressed females displayed decreased ambulation (p < 0.05) and increased defecation (p < 0.05), showing high emotional reactivity after exposure to chronic stress. Maternally separated males showed higher emotionality after the exposure to chronic variable stress. This was indicated by decrease in ambulation (p < 0.05), decrease in rearing (p < 0.05) and increase in defecation (p < 0.05). Thus, maternal separation and variable chronic stress caused long‐term gender‐dependent alterations in pituitary‐adrenal activity and emotional behavior.
The Sep15 protein family: Roles in disulfide bond formation and quality control in the endoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Labunskyy Vyacheslav M. , Hatfield Dolph L. , Gladyshev Vadim N. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractDisulfide bonds play an important role in the structure and function of membrane and secretory proteins. The formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of eukaryotic cells is catalyzed by a complex network of thiol‐disulfide oxidoreductases. Whereas a number of ER‐resident oxidoreductases have been identified, the function of only a few of them is firmly established. Recently, a selenocysteine‐containing oxidoreductase, Sep15, has been implicated in disulfide bond assisted protein folding, and a role in quality control for this selenoprotein has been proposed. This review summarizes up‐to‐date information on the Sep15 family proteins and highlights new insights into their physiological function.
IUBMB Life, 59: 1‐5, 2007
Defining the roles of T cell membrane proteinase and CD44 in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Savinov Alexei Y. , Strongin Alex Y. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMembrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) shedding of the signaling and adhesion CD44 receptor plays a significant role in stimulating cancer cells locomotion. Similarly, and unexpectedly, MT1‐MMP‐dependent shedding of CD44 plays an equally significant role in regulating the adhesion to the pancreatic vasculature and also in the concomitant transendothelial migration and intra‐islet homing of the diabetogenic, cytotoxic, T cells. Inactivation of the T cell MT1‐MMP functionality by clinically tested, synthetic inhibitors leads to an extended immobilization of the T killer cells on the pancreatic vasculature and, subsequently, to immunosuppression because of the cessation of the T cell transmigration and homing. Injections of insulin jointly with an MT1‐MMP inhibitor stimulated the regeneration of functional, insulin‐producing, β‐cells in acutely diseased non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice. After insulin injections were suspended and inhibitor injections continued, diabetic NOD mice maintained mild hyperglycemia and did not require further insulin injections for survival. Overall, these data provide a substantive mechanistic rationale for clinical trials of the inhibitors of MT1‐MMP in human type 1 diabetes.
IUBMB Life, 59: 6‐13, 2007
Functional effects of mutations identified in patients with Multiminicore disease
Authors: Zorzato Francesco , Jungbluth Heinz , Zhou Haiyan , Muntoni Francesco , Treves Susan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMultiminicore disease is a recessive congenital myopathy characterized by the presence of small cores or areas lacking oxidative enzymes, in skeletal muscle fibres. From a clinical point of view, the condition is widely heterogeneous and at least four phenotypes have been identified; genetic analysis has revealed that most patients with the classical form of multiminicore characterized by rigidity of the spine, early onset and respiratory impairment harbour recessive mutations in the SEPN1 gene, whereas the majority of patients belonging to the other categories, including patients with ophthalmoplegia or patients with a phenotype similar to central core disease, carry recessive mutations in the RYR1. In the present review we discuss the most recent findings on the functional effect of mutations in SEPN1 and RYR1 and discuss how they may adversely affect muscle function and lead to the clinical phenotype.
IUBMB Life, 59: 14‐20, 2007
Role of glutathiolation in preservation, restoration and regulation of protein function
Authors: Hill Bradford G. , Bhatnagar Aruni 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGlutathiolation has emerged as an important post‐translational modification that regulates protein function. Reduced glutathione remains bound to reactive cysteine side chains of several intracellular proteins even under basal conditions and the abundance of glutathiolated proteins increases upon oxidant challenge. Although protein glutathiolation was considered primarily to be a protective mechanism for preventing irreversible oxidation of protein thiols, recent evidence suggests that controlled glutathiolation reactions can also be used to modify protein structure and function. Several growth factors and cytokines promote protein glutathiolation and glutathiolated proteins have been shown to increase upon physiological stimulation of NO production. Given the high affinity of some nitrosylated proteins for glutathione, glutathiolation may also be a significant metabolic fate of nitrosylated proteins. Enzymatic pathways of protein de‐glutathiolation have also been described; indicating that both glutathiolation and de‐glutathiolation may be tightly regulated processes. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of protein glutathiolation and how physiologic glutathiolation of specific proteins could regulate glucose metabolism, calcium homeostasis and changes in cell shape and contraction. We propose that glutathiolation represents a discrete sub‐state within complex thiol‐based redox circuits, relays and switches that regulate protein function basally and, upon oxidative stress, elicit adaptive responses or trigger cell death.
IUBMB Life, 59: 21‐26, 2007
A discourse on cancer cell chemotaxis: Where to from here?
Authors: Soon Lilian L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe study of cancer cell chemotaxis on two‐dimensional surfaces in vitro has relevance to the diverse migratory behaviours exhibited in vivo that involve a directed path. These may include translocation along collagen fibres, invasion into the basement membrane and across stroma, intravasation and extravasation to arrive at a secondary destination designated for cancer cell colonization. Chemotaxis invariably denotes the ability of cells to sense gradients, polarize, adhere and deadhere to substrate, and translocate in the right direction. Amongst these, the sensing function is perhaps the unifying aspect of different migration styles, permitting the cells to resolve its orientation and path. This review examines the decision‐making processes that take place during chemotaxis and illustrates that a universal mechanism is involved. In various cell types from Dictyostelium to neutrophils, there are some unifying principles that dictate sensing and how the putative leading edge and trailing end of cells are determined. Some of these principles have recently been applied in the study of cancer cell chemotaxis albeit different pathways are substituted. In amoeboid‐like cancer cells, local excitation of the EGFR/PLCγ/cofilin pathway and parallel, global inhibition of cofilin by LIMK occur to promote the asymmetric distribution and amplification of these internal signals in response to an external EGF gradient.
IUBMB Life, 59: 60‐67, 2007
T‐armless tRNAs and elongated elongation factor Tu
Authors: Ohtsuki Takashi , Watanabe Yoh‐ichi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractMost tRNAs share a common secondary structure containing a T arm, a D arm, an anticodon arm and an acceptor stem. However, there are some exceptions. Most nematode mitochondrial tRNAs and some animal mitochondrial tRNAs lack the T arm, which is necessary for binding to canonical elongation factor Tu (EF‐Tu). The mitochondria of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have a unique EF‐Tu, named EF‐Tu1, whose structure has supplied clues as to how truncated tRNAs can work in translation. EF‐Tu1 has a C‐terminal extension of about 60 aa that is absent in canonical EF‐Tu. Recent data from our laboratory strongly suggests that EF‐Tu1 recognizes the D‐arm instead of the T arm by a mechanism involving this C‐terminal region. Further biochemical analysis of mitochondrial tRNAs and EF‐Tu from the distantly related nematode Trichinella spp. and sequence information on nuclear and mitochondrial DNA in arthropods suggest that T‐armless tRNAs may have arisen as a result of duplication of the EF‐Tu gene. These studies provide valuable insights into the co‐evolution of RNA and RNA‐binding proteins.
IUBMB Life, 59: 68‐75, 2007
Protein oxidation, repair mechanisms and proteolysis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Costa Vitor , Quintanilha Alexandre , Moradas‐Ferreira Pedro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractReactive oxygen species, generated as normal by‐products of aerobic metabolism or due to cellular stress, oxidize molecules and cause cell death by apoptosis. The accumulation of oxidized proteins is a hallmark of aging and a number of aging diseases. Oxidation can impair protein function as the proteins are unfolded leading to an increase of protein hydrophobicity and often resulting in the formation of toxic aggregates. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been used as a eukaryotic model system to analyze the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress protection. This paper reviews how the identification in yeast of specific damaged proteins has provided new insights into mechanisms of cytotoxicity and highlights the role of repair and degradative processes, including vacuolar/lysosomal and proteasomal proteolysis, in housekeeping after protein oxidative damage.
IUBMB Life, 59: 293‐298, 2007
Zinc deficiency in neuronal biology
Authors: Mackenzie Gerardo G. , Zago M. Paola , Aimo Lucila , Oteiza Patricia I. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAdverse nutritional and environmental conditions during early development can irreversibly affect the nervous system. Zinc (Zn) deficiency associated with inadequate Zn intake and undernutrition is frequent throughout the world. Increasing evidence indicates that developmental Zn deficiency can lead to alterations in neonate and infant behavior, cognitive and motor performance that persist into adulthood. This review will address current knowledge on the events that are triggered in neuronal cells when Zn availability decreases and discuss their consequences on neuronal function and development. In neuronal cells, Zn deficiency induces oxidative stress, alters the normal structure and dynamics of the cytoskeleton, affects the modulation of transcription factors AP‐1, NF‐βB and NFAT and induces a decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptotic death. Thus, these closely associated events can affect neuronal function and critical developmental events (neuronal proliferation, differentiation, plasticity and survival) when Zn availability decreases.
IUBMB Life, 59: 299‐307, 2007