bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Speech and language therapy intervention in schizophrenia: a case study
Authors: Clegg Judy , Brumfitt Shelagh , Parks Randolph W. , Woodruff Peter W. R. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: There is a significant body of evidence documenting the speech and language abnormalities found in adult psychiatric disorders. These speech and language impairments can create additional social barriers for the individual and may hinder effective communication in psychiatric treatment and management. However, the role of speech and language therapy in this patient population has not been extensively studied.Aims: Speech and language therapy is reported in a 53‐year‐old adult male patient who presented with severe poverty of speech as part of his diagnosis of schizophrenia. The aims of speech and language therapy focused on increasing the patient's verbal communication using a combination of traditional and non‐traditional speech and language therapy methods.Methods & Procedures: Two phases of speech and language therapy were implemented. The first phase focused on desensitizing the patient to verbal communication. The second phase developed the patient's language productivity and increased his awareness of his social communication skills. Five separate measures were taken as baselines which were repeated at the end of the intervention.Outcomes & Results: Post‐intervention scores showed that the intervention was partly successful. The patient's verbal communication increased and he developed more appropriate social communication skills. His negative attitude to communication remained unchanged even though his self‐evaluative status improved.Conclusions: The intervention is discussed in terms of the pre‐ and post‐intervention measures and the role of speech and language therapy in schizophrenia. The study suggests that speech and language therapy can contribute to the understanding and management of schizophrenia and other adult psychiatric disorders.
The grammatical morpheme deficit in moderate hearing impairment
Authors: McGuckian Maria , Henry Alison 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Much remains unknown about grammatical morpheme (GM) acquisition by children with moderate hearing impairment (HI) acquiring spoken English.Aims: To investigate how moderate HI impacts on the use of GMs in speech and to provide an explanation for the pattern of findings.Methods & Procedures: Elicited and spontaneous speech data were collected from children with moderate HI (n = 10; mean age = 7;4 years) and a control group of typically developing children (n = 10; mean age = 3;2 years) with equivalent mean length of utterance (MLU). The data were analysed to determine the use of ten GMs of English. Comparisons were made between the groups for rates of correct GM production, for types and rates of GM errors, and for order of GM accuracy.Outcome & Results: The findings revealed significant differences between the HI group and the control group for correct production of five GMs. The differences were not all in the same direction. The HI group produced possessive ‐s and plural ‐s significantly less frequently than the controls (this is not simply explained by the perceptual saliency of ‐s) and produced progressive ‐ing, articles and irregular past tense significantly more frequently than the controls. Moreover, the order of GM accuracy for the HI group did not correlate with that observed for the control group. Various factors were analysed in an attempt to explain order of GM accuracy for the HI group (i.e. perceptual saliency, syntactic category, semantics and frequency of GMs in input). Frequency of GMs in input was the most successful explanation for the overall pattern of GM accuracy. Interestingly, the order of GM accuracy for the HI group (acquiring spoken English as a first language) was characteristic of that reported for individuals learning English as a second language. An explanation for the findings is drawn from a factor that connects these different groups of language learners, i.e. limited access to spoken English input.Conclusions: It is argued that, because of hearing factors, the children with HI are below a threshold for intake of spoken language input (a threshold easily reached by the controls). Thus, the children with HI are more input‐dependent at the point in development studied and as such are more sensitive to input frequency effects. The findings suggest that optimizing or indeed increasing auditory input of GMs may have a positive impact on GM development for children with moderate HI.
Counselling with a profoundly deaf client and the impact of a therapist's dream: A case study
Authors: Boyd Jeni 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis case study explores the experience of one client participating in a project evaluating the use of dreams in short‐term counselling within the National Health Service. The client received 24 sessions of counselling and completed a post‐counselling semi‐structured questionnaire. This was followed by a semi‐structured interview, which confirmed the internal coherence within the participant's narrative and allowed a more detailed exploration of her experiences, supported by process notes. Supervision challenged the therapist's preconceptions and held her in her uncertainty until the work was aided by a dream that the therapist had of the client.
Exploring the supervision experience of some mainstream counsellors who integrate prayer in counselling
Authors: Gubi Peter Madsen 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe use of prayer in counselling can be transformational and promote psychological well‐being, but it can be problematic and requires good supervision. A survey conducted into the extent of the use of prayer in counselling revealed that many counsellors do not bring their use of prayer to supervision. The aim of this research was to discover why this may be. Participants were 19 BACP accredited and CMCS approved counsellors who use prayer in their practice. They were interviewed, and data were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. The data indicate that there is not a culture of openness towards the use of prayer. Counsellors do not feel free to explore their practice of prayer because of fear: of not being understood; of being judged; of losing respect and credibility; of being thought of as transgressing; of exposure by the supervisor; of how the supervisor will treat the disclosure; and of condemnation and dismissal of something that is important and precious to the counsellor. The central implication for supervision is the need to create a culture of openness and a collaborative working alliance where all aspects of the counselling process can be explored with appropriate theoretical consideration and personal challenge, and where the supervisee feels accepted, able and open to exploring all aspects of the work with the supervisor. This prevents unethical practice, protects the client and enables consistency of work.
Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism and Redox State in Dyslipidemias
Authors: Vercesi Anibal E. , Castilho Roger F. , Kowaltowski Alicia J. , Oliveira Helena C. F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractChanges in mitochondrial function are intimately associated with metabolic diseases. Here, we review recent evidence relating alterations in mitochondrial energy metabolism, ion transport and redox state in hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia. We focus mainly on changes in mitochondrial respiration, K+ and Ca2+ transport, reactive oxygen species generation and susceptibility to mitochondrial permeability transition.
IUBMB Life, 59: 263‐268, 2007
Soluble protein oligomers as emerging toxins in alzheimer's and other amyloid diseases
Authors: Ferreira Sergio T. , Vieira Marcelo N. N. , De Felice Fernanda G. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAmyloid diseases are a group of degenerative disorders characterized by cell/tissue damage caused by toxic protein aggregates. Abnormal production, processing and/or clearance of misfolded proteins or peptides may lead to their accumulation and to the formation of amyloid aggregates. Early histopathological investigation of affected organs in different amyloid diseases revealed the ubiquitous presence of fibrillar protein aggregates forming large deposits known as amyloid plaques. Further in vitro biochemical and cell biology studies, as well as studies using transgenic animal models, provided strong support to what initially seemed to be a solid concept, namely that amyloid fibrils played crucial roles in amyloid pathogenesis. However, recent studies describing tissue‐specific accumulation of soluble protein oligomers and their strong impact on cell function have challenged the fibril hypothesis and led to the emergence of a new view: Fibrils are not the only toxins derived from amyloidogenic proteins and, quite possibly, not the most important ones with respect to disease etiology. Here, we review some of the recent findings and concepts in this rapidly developing field, with emphasis on the involvement of soluble oligomers of the amyloid‐β peptide in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies suggesting that soluble oligomers from different proteins may share common mechanisms of cytotoxicity are also discussed. Increased understanding of the cellular toxic mechanisms triggered by protein oligomers may lead to the development of rational, effective treatments for amyloid disorders.
IUBMB Life, 59: 332‐345, 2007
A new list of functions of the cytoskeleton
Authors: Jaeken Laurent 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn classic cell physiology some major properties of life are ignored (coherent behaviour) or not fully integrated (colloid properties), resulting in a limited list of functions of the cytoskeleton. As part of a new paradigm for cell physiology a new list is presented with numerous extra functions, for which experimental evidence has so far accumulated.
IUBMB Life, 59: 127‐133, 2007
Statistics, truth, and error reduction in sport and exercise sciences
Authors: Nevill Alan M. , Holder Roger L. , Cooper Stephen‐Mark 
Published: May 2007

AbstractAcademics have a responsibility to ensure that their research findings are as truthful as possible. InIn every issue of a scientific journal, a large number of significance tests are reported (usually using P <0.05). Of course, most of these results will be true/correct. Unfortunately, due to the nature of sampling, researchers will occasionally make errors, often referred to as type I (probability = α) and type II (probability = β) errors. The power of a test (1‐β) is the probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis – that is, correctly detecting a real or true effect. Factors that are known to influence power include: (1) the level of significance (α), (2) the size of the difference or relationship in the population (the effect), (3) the sample size, and (4) unexplained error variance. As researchers, we have little control over most of these factors. The one factor that we have some influence over, however, is the ability to reduce the unexplained error variance. In the present article, we describe a range of methods that will increase the probability that a researcher has correctly identified a real effect by increasing the power of their statistical tests. Such methods will include ways of designing experiments to reduce error and uncertainty. The use of blocking and randomized block designs will reduce unexplained error, such as adopting matched or repeated‐measures designs rather than using independent observations. The other method of reducing unexplained errors is to adopt more appropriate (e.g. biologically correct) models and checking the distribution assumptions associated with such models. In conclusion, researchers are responsible for maximizing the likelihood that their results are as accurate and truthful as possible. By carefully planning their experiments and adopting appropriate models, researchers are more likely to publish their findings with a greater degree of confidence, but not certainty.
Coping with jet‐lag: A Position Statement for the European College of Sport Science
Authors: Reilly Thomas , Atkinson Greg , Edwards Ben , Waterhouse Jim , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Davenne Damien , Lemmer Björn , Wirz‐Justice Anna 
Published: May 2007

AbstractElite athletes and their coaches are accustomed to international travel for purposes of training or sports competition. Recreational participants are similarly, if less frequently, exposed to travel stress. Transient negative effects that constitute travel fatigue are quickly overcome, whereas longer‐lasting difficulties are associated with crossing multiple time‐zones. Jet‐lag is linked with desynchronization of circadian rhythms, and its impact depends on the duration and direction of flight, flight schedule, and individual differences. Athletes’ performances are likely to be affected for some days until the body clock is readjusted in harmony with local time. Knowledge of the physiological characteristics of the body clock can be used to develop behavioural strategies that accelerate readjustment, in particular the timing of outdoor or bright light exposure, perhaps melatonin ingestion, meals, and exercise. Attempts to promote sleep by use of drugs that adjust the body clock, induce sleepiness or promote wakefulness are relevant but discouraged in travelling athletes. Support staff should develop appropriate education programmes for their athletes who can then make informed choices about their behaviour and minimize the transient effects of jet‐lag on their well‐being and performance.
John Rawls
Authors: Pogge Thomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This book is about the philosopher John Rawls and about his largest body of work in social justice. The book opens with a comprehensive biography of Rawls, which is the result of this book's author's academic and later personal relationship with Rawls. From thereon, it introduces and discusses Rawls's theory of social justice mostly derived from his well-known work, A Theory of Justice. This book provides an introduction to Rawls's writings in political philosophy. It provides exposition on the fundamental ideas of Rawls's theory of justice, and further examines why and how Rawls came to formulate such views. In doing so, misinterpretations of Rawls's views are discussed, elaborations and additional examples are used to clarify, and significant objections as well as possible defenses are raised. It also considers some of the major opponents of Rawls and the main criticisms they have raised against his conception of justice.
The First Principle of Justice
Authors: Pogge Thomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter examines the first principle of justice, which is concerned with how well a political order secures the basic rights and liberties of its members. This involves a careful analysis of the structure of a basic right and what it means for a society to realize it. The fair value of the basic political liberties, which Rawls includes among the requirements of the first principle, is discussed. There is also an extensive critical discussion of what Rawls identifies as permissible and impermissible reductions of basic liberties.
A Rawlsian Society
Authors: Pogge Thomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter deals with Rawls's desire to develop a theory of social justice that is practical, and thus he emphasizes that moral considerations need to be sensitive to a certain degree to empirical experience. The main issue is how a society may sustain itself justly and through a long duration of time. What it means for a society to be well-ordered and why it is important to have a political conception of justice are discussed as components of Rawls's practicability concerns. How Rawls understands his conception of justice as a liberal one and why he opposes more comprehensive liberalisms over his preferred political liberalism are discussed.
On Justification
Authors: Pogge Thomas 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter begins with the question of how Rawls's conception of justice as fairness can be externally justified. To justify a conception of justice, Rawls develops a method of considering our convictions insofar as they can be shown to cohere to what can be called the state of reflective equilibrium, that can inform the conception of justice upon which we settle. Various problems this view may encounter are considered in detail. The remainder of the chapter deals with Rawls's use of ideas and the importance of truth and reasonableness in his theory.
Jesus of Hollywood
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis book is a study of the movies made about Jesus, from the earliest silent films through to Mel Gibson's 2004 The Passion of the Christ. Its main argument is that these movies fit into the “biopic” (biographical film) genre and they tell the story of Jesus according to the standard biopic template. The Jesus biopics exhibit three principal characteristics. First, they make a claim to historicity or historical authenticity. Second, and at the same time, they undermine that claim in ways that are both subtle and overt. Third, they use the Jesus story as a lens through which to view and to work out contemporary concerns, such as sexuality, ethnic identity, theology, and the relationship between religion and politics. The approach is thematic, and the chapters are organized by character, including the Holy Family (Mary, Joseph, and God), Jesus' friends and associates (Mary Magdalene and Judas) and his enemies (Pharisees, Caiaphas, and Pilate). Despite the title, the book addresses films made both in the United States and elsewhere. The point is not to overlook the profound differences among the various national cinemas which have produced Jesus movies, but to argue that all bear the imprint of the Hollywood biopic, whether in imitation of its conventions or in conscious resistance to them.
History and Anti‐History
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter looks closely at the various techniques by which the Jesus movies stake their claim to historicity. These techniques include introductory scrolled texts, voice-over narration, and, more subtly, details of setting, costuming, music, and the physical appearance of the characters. The chapter then outlines the ways in which the Jesus biopics undermine their own stated claims to historicity and studies in detail two movies that self-consciously negate the claim to historicity, The Last Temptation of Christ and Jesus of Montreal.
Joseph
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter looks at the ways in which the Gospels, on the one hand, and the movies on the other, handle the embarrassment of Mary's pregnancy out of wedlock. Whereas Joseph has only a minor role in the Gospels and in most Jesus biopics, some films explore the relationship between Joseph and Jesus in great detail, and attribute to Joseph a formative role in Jesus' development into adulthood and into a mature understanding of his own mission.
Mary Magdalene
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis chapter looks at the Gospels' references to Mary Magdalene and some of the traditions about her that arose in the early church, particularly the view, unsupported in the Gospels, that she was a prostitute and/or adulterous. It traces the changing representation of Mary Magdalene from the silent era to the present, focusing on four questions: What was Mary's life like before meeting up with Jesus? How did she meet Jesus and come to travel with him? What was her status among and relationship with the disciples? And, most intriguing, what was her relationship with Jesus?
Caiaphas
Authors: Reinhartz Adele 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDespite his relatively small role in the Gospels, Caiaphas is frequently portrayed in film as Jesus' main enemy and the one who bears moral, if not legal responsibility for Jesus condemnation and death on the cross. It is Caiaphas who presides over Jesus' trial before the Sanhedrin, pronounces him guilty of blasphemy, and delivers him to Pilate. Like the Pharisees, Caiaphas challenges filmmakers to maintain the tension and conflict so essential to the biopic genre, and yet avoid antagonizing viewers who might be sensitive to the ways in which a Jewish leader, even a long dead one, is brought to life on the silver screen.
The Hanumāyana
Authors: Lutgendorf Philip 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter presents a representative selection of well-known tales and variants that emphasize Hanuman's heroic role both within and outside the conventional Ramayana narrative. Selections include ancient tales adapted from the Puranas and regional Rama literature, as well as modern folktales and oral narratives. Collectively, these tales add a new installment to the Hindu mythology available in English translation.
Sitings and Sightings
Authors: Lutgendorf Philip 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The chapter opens with a description of Hanuman's traditional role as a guardian of spatial boundaries, and shows how this “peripheral” status has changed in recent times as his shrines have grown in size and have appeared in diverse and often central locations in villages and cities. Drawing on temple surveys and recently published guides to Hanuman shrines, it offers a verbal pilgrimage to well-known temples throughout India, and then presents more detailed descriptions of five major sites, each suggestive of a different aspect of Hanuman's character. The sites include two prominent temples in Delhi, a healing shrine specializing in the treatment of possession by ghosts, a martial arts club devoted to wrestling, and a New Age temple in the American Southwest. The chapter then turns to the implications of Hanuman's bodily immortality: the lore and experience of his embodied presence in particular locales and forms, as well as his occasional manifestation in human avataras.
Monkey in the Middle
Authors: Lutgendorf Philip 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter focuses on a theme implicit in much of the book: the relationship of Hanuman's simian form to the mediatory religious role he assumes and to the “messages” he so effectively delivers. It first considers the preoccupation of some modern Indian authors with the “problem” of Hanuman's monkey form, situating their interventions within colonial and post-colonial debates about history, race, and cultural and biological evolution. For comparative purposes, it surveys a wider range of human responses to anthropoid primates, including the cults of simian deities in Chinese and Japanese religions and the discourse of modern primatology. Returning to India, it considers Hanuman's role in modern Hindu nationalism and in the religious patronage of the emerging middle class. Finally, it examines evidence of Hanuman's continuing rise as a comprehensive and encompassing deity, signaled by new iconography and a proliferating theological discourse. An epilogue speculates on the potential for Hanuman's role in movements promoting ecology and environmental ethics.
Indosat: Foreign Investment in a Risky Environment
Authors: Wells Louis T. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This chapter discusses the beginnings of International Telephone and Telegraph's (ITT) involvement in the Indosat project in Indonesia. In 1967, ITT belonged to a small group of pioneer firms that were negotiating their way into “New Order” Indonesia — the world's fifth most populous country. How this company profited from its project, even without modern external investment guarantees, offers lessons for investors that are especially valid today, when managers are discovering that new assurances from multilateral institutions and home governments offer less safety than they promised.