bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transfer of ultracold 87Rb from a QUIC magnetic trap into a far off resonance optical trap
Authors: Ming H , van Wijngaarden W A 
Published: May 2007

Ultracold 87Rb atoms were transferred from a QUIC (quadrupole and Ioffe configuration) magnetic trap into a far off resonance optical trap (FORT). FORTs were created by focusing a 150 mW laser beam having a wavelength of 852 nm to a spot having a radius of 20 and 30 µm. A probe laser then passed through the ultracold atom cloud after the magnetic trap was turned off to study the temporal evolution of the optically trapped atoms. Nearly 106 atoms could be transferred into the FORT at temperatures as low as 1 µK with an efficiency as high as 50%. PACS No.: 32.80.Pj
Collective bands in 80,82Kr
Authors: Mishra S , Tripathy K C , Sahu R 
Published: May 2007

Deformed shell-model calculations are performed to study the structure of the collective bands in 80,82Kr. In our microscopic model, the single particle orbits 1p3/2, 0f5/2, 1p1/2, and 0g9/2 constitute the configuration space with 56Ni as the inert core. A modified Kuo interaction for this basis space is used in our calculation. The different levels are classified into collective bands on the basis of the B(E2) values among them. The calculated ground bands and quasi-gamma bands for both the nuclei agree reasonably well with experiment. The negative parity bands are also well-reproduced in our calculation. The calculated B(E2) values are compared with available experimental data. The nature of angular momentum alignment in the ground band is also discussed. PACS Nos.: 21.10.–k, 21.60.Jz, 27.50.+e
Matrix Metalloproteinase Polymorphisms Are Associated with Bladder Cancer Invasiveness
Authors: Kader A. Karim , Liu Jun , Shao Lina , Dinney Colin P. , Lin Jie , Wang Yunfei , Gu Jian , Grossman H. Barton , Wu Xifeng 
Published: May 2007

AbstractPurpose: Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) promote tumor invasion and alter microenvironment. MMP levels are elevated in bladder cancer patients correlating with more advanced stage. We tested whether polymorphisms in MMP genes modify the risk of bladder cancer invasiveness and whether smoke exposure modifies this risk.Experimental Design: Using a case-only study, we examined the association of 11 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and one microsatellite polymorphism in MMP genes MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP8, MMP9, and MMP12 with the risk of invasive bladder cancer in 243 Caucasian patients with muscle invasive compared with 315 Caucasian patients with superficial disease.Results: The MMP9 microsatellite ≥24 CA repeat and MMP12 −82 G alleles were associated with a higher risk of bladder cancer invasiveness [odds ratio (OR), 3.10; 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.17-8.23 and OR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.00-2.28, respectively]. Ever smokers with the MMP9 ≥24 CA repeat allele had a 5.16-fold (95% CI, 1.56-17.1) increased risk of invasiveness compared with wild-type never smokers. Ever smokers with the MMP12 G allele also had an increased risk of bladder cancer invasiveness (OR, 2.32; 95% CI, 1.30-4.12).Conclusions: Our results suggest that genetic changes in MMPs are associated with the development of invasive bladder cancer.
Limited Tissue Penetration of Taxanes: A Mechanism for Resistance in Solid Tumors
Authors: Kyle Alastair H. , Huxham Lynsey A. , Yeoman Devon M. , Minchinton Andrew I. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Limited drug penetration in solid tumors is a potential mechanism of resistance for many anticancer drugs. Taxanes represent a class of drugs that are currently undergoing a new round of development, but with little known of their ability to penetrate and distribute relative to blood vessels within solid tumors.
Experimental Design: We assessed the tissue penetration of paclitaxel and docetaxel in HCT-116 tumor xenografts and in multilayered cell culture (MCC), a three-dimensional cell culture model of the tumor extravascular compartment. In xenografts, taxanes were mapped relative to blood vessels to obtain drug profiles as a function of distance from vasculature. For MCC, cultures were exposed to stirred drug reservoirs and taxanes measured as a function of depth into tissue.
Results: Both taxanes exhibited limited penetration, with little drug reaching further than 100 μm into the tissue. Of the two, paclitaxel exhibited up to 2-fold greater penetration than docetaxel. Mapping tumor cell proliferation following treatment allowed the consequences of limited drug penetration to be assessed. In tumor xenografts where reduced drug exposure to cells far from vasculature is one of several factors influencing response to treatment, up to a 75% reduction in S-phase cells was achieved in cells nearest the vessels, but only 50% reduction was observed in the tissue 150 μm away. In MCC-based data, where the influence of reduced cell proliferation with depth into tissue was circumvented, a 5-fold (paclitaxel) and 10-fold (docetaxel) increase in reservoir drug concentration was required to produce a response in cells 150 μm into the tissue equivalent to that seen in cells directly exposed to the drug.
Conclusion: These results indicate that limited distribution is an important mechanism of tumor resistance to taxanes.
MDM2 Promoter SNP309 Is Associated with Risk of Occurrence and Advanced Lymph Node Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Chinese Population
Authors: Zhou Gangqiao , Zhai Yun , Cui Ying , Zhang Xiumei , Dong Xiaojia , Yang Hao , He Ying , Yao Kaitai , Zhang Hongxing , Zhi Lianteng , Yuan Xiaoyan , Qiu Wei , Zhang Xiaoai , Shen Yan , Qiang Boqing , He Fuchu 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) is a key negative regulator of the p53 activity. Recently, a polymorphism in the MDM2 intronic promoter, SNP309, was shown to influence MDM2 expression and p53 activity. We examined whether the SNP309 was related to the risk of developing nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) among Chinese populations.
Experimental Design: We genotyped the SNP309 in two independent case-control populations in southern China, one is from Guangxi province (including 593 NPC patients and 480 controls) and the other is from Guangdong province (including 239 patients and 286 controls), by PCR direct sequencing. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
Results: We observed that compared with the TT genotype, the genotypes containing G allele (GT + GG genotype) were associated with significant increased susceptibility to NPC in both Guangxi (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.04-1.91) and Guangdong population (OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.00-2.36). When these two sample sets were combined, the OR of the GT + GG genotype developing NPC was 1.45 (95% CI, 1.12-1.85) compared with the TT genotype. Furthermore, compared with the TT genotype, the GT + GG genotype was also significantly associated with the advanced lymph node metastasis (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.09-3.05).
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the MDM2 SNP309 may be a risk factor for the occurrence and advanced neck lymph node metastasis of NPC in Chinese population.
Association between Functional EGF+61 Polymorphism and Glioma Risk
Authors: Costa Bruno Marques , Ferreira Paulo , Costa Sandra , Canedo Paulo , Oliveira Pedro , Silva Ana , Pardal Fernando , Suriano Gianpaolo , Machado José Carlos , Lopes José Manuel , Reis Rui Manuel 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a critical role in cancer. A polymorphism in the EGF gene (EGF+61) may influence its expression and contribute to cancer predisposition and aggressiveness. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the role of EGF+61 in glioma susceptibility and prognosis.
Experimental Design: A case-control study involving 197 glioma patients and 570 controls was done. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). False-positive report probability was also assessed. The luciferase reporter gene assay was used to ascertain the functional consequences of this polymorphism.
Results: Corroborating the univariate analysis, the multivariate model showed that the G allele conferred higher risks for gliomas (OR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.04-1.67), glioblastomas (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.02-2.10), and oligodendrogliomas (OR, 1.55; 95% CI, 1.07-2.23). The GG genotypes were associated with increased risk for gliomas (OR, 1.71; 95% CI, 1.07-2.73), glioblastomas (OR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.02-4.05), and oligodendrogliomas (OR, 2.72; 95% CI, 1.18-6.28). In addition, the AG+GG genotypes were associated with higher risk for gliomas (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.03-2.23) and oligodendrogliomas (OR, 2.80; 95% CI, 1.35-5.79). No significant association was observed between the EGF+61 polymorphism and glioblastoma or oligodendroglioma patients' overall survival. The luciferase reporter gene assay exhibited a significant increased promoter activity for the G variant compared with the reference A allele.
Conclusions: These findings support the role of the EGF+61 polymorphism as a susceptibility factor for development of gliomas and show its implication on EGF promoter activity.
A Mosaic Fiber Adenovirus Serotype 5 Vector Containing Reovirus σ1 and Adenovirus Serotype 3 Knob Fibers Increases Transduction in an Ovarian Cancer Ex vivo System via a Coxsackie and Adenovirus Receptor–Independent Pathway
Authors: Tsuruta Yuko , Pereboeva Larisa , Glasgow Joel N. , Rein Daniel T. , Kawakami Yosuke , Alvarez Ronald D. , Rocconi Rodney P. , Siegal Gene P. , Dent Paul , Fisher Paul B. , Curiel David T. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) has been used for gene therapy with limited success due to insufficient infectivity in cells with low expression of the primary receptor, the coxsackie and adenovirus receptor (CAR). Evidence that adenovirus serotype receptors other than CAR may be of use was presented in previous studies that showed that the Ad3 receptor is expressed at high levels in ovarian cancer cells. We hypothesized that combined use of unique chimeric fibers in the context of novel mosaic adenovirus vectors would enhance infectivity via non-CAR pathways in ovarian cancer cells.
Experimental Design: We constructed and characterized Ad5 vectors that use Ad3 knob and reovirus fibers to generate a mosaic fiber virion. Serotype 3 Dearing reovirus uses a fiber-like σ1 protein to infect cells expressing sialic acid and junction adhesion molecule 1. We therefore constructed a mosaic fiber Ad5 vector, designated Ad5/3-σ1, encoding two fibers: a σ1 chimeric fiber and the chimeric Ad5/3 fiber composed of an Ad3 knob.
Results: Functionally, Ad5/3-σ1 used sialic acid, junction adhesion molecule 1, and Ad3 receptor for cell transduction and achieved maximum infectivity enhancement in ovarian cancer cells with low CAR expression. Furthermore, Ad5/3-σ1 achieved infectivity enhancement in primary tissue slices of human ovarian tumor.
Conclusions: We have developed a new type of Ad5 vector with the novel tropism, possessing fibers from Ad3 and reovirus, which exhibits enhanced infectivity via CAR-independent pathway(s). In addition, the flexible genetic platform of vector allows different combination of fiber variants that can be incorporated within the same particle.
Akt/cAMP-Responsive Element Binding Protein/Cyclin D1 Network: A Novel Target for Prostate Cancer Inhibition in Transgenic Adenocarcinoma of Mouse Prostate Model Mediated by Nexrutine, a Phellodendron Amurense Bark Extract
Authors: Kumar Addanki P. , Bhaskaran Shylesh , Ganapathy Manonmani , Crosby Katherine , Davis Michael D. , Kochunov Peter , Schoolfield John , Yeh I-Tien , Troyer Dean A. , Ghosh Rita 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Purpose: Development of prostate cancer prevention strategies is an important priority to overcome high incidence, morbidity, and mortality. Recently, we showed that Nexrutine, an herbal extract, inhibits prostate cancer cell proliferation through modulation of Akt and cAMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB)–mediated signaling pathways. However, it is unknown if Nexrutine can be developed as a dietary supplement for the prevention of prostate cancer. In this study, we used the transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP) model to examine the ability of Nexrutine to protect TRAMP mice from developing prostate cancer.
Experimental Design: Eight-week-old TRAMP mice were fed with pelleted diet containing 300 and 600 mg/kg Nexrutine for 20 weeks. Efficacy of Nexrutine was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging at 18 and 28 weeks of progression and histologic analysis of prostate tumor or tissue at the termination of the experiment. Tumor tissue was analyzed for modulation of various signaling molecules.
Results: We show that Nexrutine significantly suppressed palpable tumors and progression of cancer in the TRAMP model. Expression of total and phosphorylated Akt, CREB, and cyclin D1 was significantly reduced in prostate tissue from Nexrutine intervention group compared with tumors from control animals. Nexrutine also inhibited cyclin D1 transcriptional activity in androgen-independent PC-3 cells. Overexpression of kinase dead Akt mutant or phosphorylation-defective CREB inhibited cyclin D1 transcriptional activity.
Conclusions: The current study shows that Nexrutine-mediated targeting of Akt/CREB–induced activation of cyclin D1 prevents the progression of prostate cancer. Expression of CREB and phosphorylated CREB increased in human prostate tumors compared with normal tissue, suggesting their potential use as prognostic markers.
Central Pressor Actions of Aminopeptidase-Resistant Angiotensin II Analogs
Authors: Kokje Ranjita J. , Wilson Wendy L. , Brown Travis E. , Karamyan Vardan T. , Wright John W. , Speth Robert C. 
Published: May 2007

Intracerebroventricular administration of angiotensins causes pronounced pressor and dipsogenic responses. The suggestion that angiotensin III rather than angiotensin II is the active peptide in the brain spawned what we call The Angiotensin IIIHypothesis.To test this hypothesis, 5 angiotensin II analogs containing zero or one position substitutions conferring resistance to aminopeptidases were administered intracerebroventricularly to determine their pressor and dipsogenic efficacies. Two aminopeptidase-resistant analogs caused significantly greater pressor responses than angiotensin II, whereas 3 analogs caused pressor responses similar to angiotensin II. Latency to cause a pressor response for 4 of the 5 aminopeptidase-resistant angiotensin II analogs was the same as for angiotensin II. There was no detectable formation of125I-angiotensin III from 1 of the intracerebroventricularly administered analogs,125I- N-Methyl-l-Asp1-angiotensin II, indicating its aminopeptidase resistance. Latency to drink also did not differ between the angiotensins. After the initial dipsogenic response, water was removed until 25 minutes after angiotensin administration to avoid interfering with the pressor response. The dipsogenic stimulus was sustained 25 minutes after intracerebroventricular injection of angiotensin II and its aminopeptidase-resistant analogs. Comparison of angiotensin III and angiotensin II showed equivalent pressor responses with similar latencies and durations. The latency to drink was similar for angiotensin III and angiotensin II. However, there was no dipsogenic response to angiotensin III 25 minutes after intracerebroventricular injection. These data do not support The Angiotensin III Hypothesis and suggest that conversion of exogenously applied angiotensin II to angiotensin III is not necessary to cause brain-mediated pressor or dipsogenic responses.
Transport and Entrainment in the Red Sea Outflow Plume
Authors: Matt Silvia , Johns William E. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The Red Sea outflow exhibits strong seasonal variability in outflow transport due to effects of monsoon winds and seasonal fluctuations in buoyancy forcing. As it descends the continental slope in the western Gulf of Aden, it entrains significantly less-dense near-surface water, which itself varies on seasonal time scales. High-resolution hydrographic and direct velocity data collected during the 2001 Red Sea Outflow Experiment (REDSOX) are used herein to characterize and quantify the pathways of the Red Sea Outflow Water (RSOW) and the associated entrainment of Gulf of Aden Water. The outflow transport exhibits a maximum in winter of about 0.29 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) at the exit of the Bab-el-Mandeb and approximately doubles to 0.56 Sv as it descends into the Gulf of Aden and entrains ambient water. In summer, the outflow is much weaker, reaching about 0.06 Sv at the strait and about 0.18 Sv downstream. The outflow plume divides into three distinct branches in winter, consisting of descending branches along two bathymetrically confined channels (the “Northern” and “Southern” channels, respectively), and an adjusted intrusion layer at shallower depths in the water column. Estimates of transport of “pure” Red Sea Outflow Water through salt flux conservation show the general partitioning of the outflow between the individual plumes, where the Northern Channel (NC) accounts for 52% of Red Sea Outflow Water, the Southern Channel (SC) carries 31%, and the intrusion layer (IL) the remaining 17%. The results also indicate that the transport of Red Sea Outflow Water is subject to considerable synoptic temporal variability that is unresolved by the present study.
Distinct 17- and 33-Day Tropical Instability Waves in Subsurface Observations*
Authors: Lyman John M. , Johnson Gregory C. , Kessler William S. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Tropical instability waves (TIWs) within a half-degree of the equator in the Pacific Ocean have been consistently observed in meridional velocity with periods of around 20 days. On the other hand, near 5°N, TIWs have been observed in sea surface height (SSH), thermocline depth, and velocity to have periods near 30 days. Tropical Atmosphere–Ocean (TAO) Project moored equatorial velocity and temperature time series are used to investigate the spatial and temporal structure of TIWs during 3 years of La Niña conditions from 1998 through 2001. Along 140°W, where the TIW temperature and velocity variabilities are at their maxima, these variabilities include two distinct TIWs with periods of 17 and 33 days, rather than one broadbanded process. As predicted by modeling studies, the 17-day TIW variability is shown to occur not only in meridional velocity at the equator, but also in subsurface temperature at 2°N and 2°S, while the 33-day TIW variability is observed primarily in subsurface temperature at 5°N. These two TIWs, respectively, are shown to have characteristics similar to a Yanai wave/surface-trapped instability and an unstable first meridional mode Rossby wave. One implication of such a description is that the velocity variability on the equator is not directly associated with the dominant 33-day variability along 5°N.
Island Wakes in Deep Water
Authors: Dong Changming , McWilliams James C. , Shchepetkin Alexander F. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDensity stratification and planetary rotation distinguish three-dimensional island wakes significantly from a classical fluid dynamical flow around an obstacle. A numerical model is used to study the formation and evolution of flow around an idealized island in deep water (i.e., with vertical island sides and surface-intensified stratification and upstream flow), focusing on wake instability, coherent vortex formation, and mesoscale and submesoscale eddy activity. In a baseline experiment with strong vorticity generation at the island, three types of instability are evident: centrifugal, barotropic, and baroclinic. Sensitivities are shown to three nondimensional parameters: the Reynolds number (Re), Rossby number (Ro), and Burger number (Bu). The dependence on Re is similar to the classical wake in its transition to turbulence, but in contrast the island wake contains coherent eddies no matter how large the Re value. When Re is large enough, the shear layer at the island is so narrow that the vertical component of vorticity is larger than the Coriolis frequency in the near wake, leading to centrifugal instability on the anticyclonic side. As Bu decreases the eddy size shrinks from the island breadth to the baroclinic deformation radius, and the eddy generation process shifts from barotropic to baroclinic instability. For small Ro values, the wake dynamics is symmetric with respect to cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies. At intermediate Ro and Bu values, the anticyclonic eddies are increasingly more robust than cyclonic ones as Ro/Bu increases, but for large Re and Ro values, centrifugal instability weakens the anticyclonic eddies while cyclonic eddies remain coherent.
The Incidence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries among Competitive Alpine Skiers
Authors: Pujol Nicolas , Rousseaux Blanchi Marie Philippe , Chambat Pierre 
Published: April 2007

Background Little is known about the evolution of anterior cruciate ligament injury rates among elite alpine skiers. Purpose To evaluate epidemiologic aspects of anterior cruciate ligament injuries among competitive alpine skiers during the last 25 years. Study Design Descriptive epidemiology study. Methods Data were collected from elite French national teams (379 athletes: 188 women and 191 men) from 1980 to 2005. Results Fifty-three of the female skiers (28.2%) and 52 of the male skiers (27.2%) sustained at least 1 anterior cruciate ligament injury. The overall anterior cruciate ligament injury incidence was 8.5 per 100 skier-seasons. The primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate was 5.7 per 100 skier-seasons. The prevalence of reinjury (same knee) was 19%. The prevalence of a bilateral injury (injury of the other knee) was 30.5%. At least 1 additional anterior cruciate ligament surgery (mean, 2.4 procedures) was required for 39% of the injured athletes. Men and women were similar with regard to primary anterior cruciate ligament injury rate (P = .21), career remaining after the injury (P = .44), and skiing specialty (P = .5). There were more anterior cruciate ligament injuries (primary, bilateral, reinjuries) among athletes ranking in the world Top 30 (P < .001). Anterior cruciate ligament-injured athletes had a career length of 7.5 years, whereas athletes with no anterior cruciate ligament injury had a career of 4.5 years (P < .001). Finally, injury rates remained constant over time. Conclusion Anterior cruciate ligament injury rates (primary injury, bilateral injury, reinjury) among national competitive alpine skiers are high and have not declined in the last 25 years. Finding a way to prevent anterior cruciate ligament injury in this population is a very important goal.