bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Viscosity measurements of Newtonian liquid by natural convection (Part 2: Evaluation method by mean temperature of heated vertical plate)
Authors: Tanaka Hiroshi , Okawauchi Yoshihiko , Tomimura Toshio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA simple method for viscosity measurements of Newtonian liquid by using the temperature difference between the surface of a uniformly heated vertical plate and the ambient liquid formed by natural convection has been proposed. Surface temperature is taken as its mean while the ambient liquid temperature is considered as the bulk. The measuring system is simply composed of a beaker containing a tested liquid, a vertical heated plate, thermocouples for the heated surface and the ambient liquid, a power supply, a voltmeter, a recorder, and a personal computer. From comparison of the measured results on pure water and silicone oil with known thermophysical properties, fairly good agreement has been obtained, and the validity of the present method has been confirmed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(2): 115–126, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience. wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20183
Research on the human thermal model with a poly‐segmented hand
Authors: Li Ding , Minjing Sang , Yanpeng Lei , Xiugan Yuan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA more integral human thermal model was built by combining the human thermal cylindrical model and the manual poly‐segment thermal model. Finite element methods (FEM) was used to define the body thermal model. It was in good agreement with the experimental results. The results show: the experimental results are consistent with the calculated value, when suitable blood flux is taken into consideration. The blood flux is in a certain range when the manual temperature is stable. Blood flux is the major factor in the manual temperature field. Body temperature and intake artery temperature have little effect on the hand temperature. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(2): 94–100, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20187
Molecular dynamics simulation of self‐diffusion coefficient and its relation with temperature using simple Lennard‐Jones potential
Authors: Wei‐Zhong Li , Cong Chen , Jian Yang 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe diffusion coefficient is indispensable to chemical engineering design and research. In practical engineering and research, there is still a great lack of available data. Therefore, methods need to be developed to solve this problem. In this paper, a molecular dynamics simulation method is used to predict the self‐diffusion coefficient for a simple fluid by using the Green– Kubo relation (VACF) and the Einstein relation (MSD). The simulation results are in good agreement with experimental findings except for an error of about 10%. The algorithm average of the two methods (AV) reduces the error to 7%. The relationship of the diffusion coefficient with temperature has also been simulated. According to the simulation data, whose correlation is all above 0.99, the diffusion coefficient agrees well with temperature following the Arrenhius relationship. Activation energy for self‐diffusion has been calculated and the result were 1258(VACF), 1272(MSD), and 1265(AV) J/mol separately. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 37(2): 86–93, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/htj.20191
Acute risperidone treatment did not increase daily cigarette consumption or plasma levels of cotinine and caffeine: a pilot study
Authors: Yoshimura Reiji , Kakihara Shingo , Umene‐Nakano Wakako , Sugita Atsuko , Hori Hikaru , Ueda Nobuhisa , Nakamura Jun 
Published: February 2008

AbstractExcessive cigarette smoking and caffeine intake are often seen in schizophrenic patients being treated with antipsychotic drugs, particularly typical antipsychotic drugs. Using nicotine and caffeine sometimes influences psychotic symptoms in these patients. Clozapine is the only antipsychotic drug reported to reduce the amount of cigarette smoking, however, still remains controversial of its efficacy. In the present study, we examined the effect of acute risperidone treatment on the amount of cigarette smoking and plasma levels of cotinine and caffeine in schizophrenic patients. Treatment with risperidone for 4 weeks did not increase daily cigarette consumption or plasma levels of cotinine and caffeine. The results suggest that acute risperidone treatment does not promote the intake of nicotine and caffeine at least by 4 weeks in schizophrenic patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interaction of mildronate with the mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transport protein
Authors: Oppedisano Francesca , Fanello Delia , Calvani Menotti , Indiveri Cesare 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe interaction of mildronate [3‐(2,2,2‐trimethylhydrazine) propionate] with the purified mitochondrial carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter reconstituted in liposomes has been studied. Mildronate, externally added to the proteoliposomes, strongly inhibited the carnitine/carnitine antiport catalyzed by the reconstituted transporter with an IC50of 560 μM. A kinetic analysis revealed that the inhibition is completely competitive, that is, mildronate interacts with the substrate‐binding site. The half‐saturation constant of the transporter for external mildronate (Ki) is 530 μM. Carnitine/mildronate antiport has been measured as [3H]carnitine uptake into proteoliposomes containing internal mildronate or as [3H]carnitine efflux from proteoliposomes in the presence of external mildronate, indicating that mildronate is transported by the carnitine/acylcarnitine transporter and that the inhibition observed was due to the transport of mildronate in the place of carnitine. The intraliposomal half‐saturation constant for mildronate transport (Km) has been determined. Its value, 18 mM, is much higher than the external half‐saturation constant (Ki) in agreement with the asymmetric properties of the transporter. In vivo, the antiport reaction between cytosolic (administered) mildronate and matrix carnitine may cause intramitochondrial carnitine depletion. This effect, together with the inhibition of the physiological transport, will lead to impairment of fatty acid utilization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:8–14, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20208
The cytosolic calcium concentration is affected by S‐nitrosocysteine in human lymphomonocytes
Authors: Palmerini Carlo A. , Mazzoni Michela , Saccardi Carla , Arienti Giuseppe 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe homeostasis of cytosolic calcium [Ca2+]c in mammalian cells is a complex phenomenon, requiring the contribution of many cellular and extracellular systems. Nitric oxide (NO) acts on [Ca2+]c, although the mechanism of this action is unknown. We study the release and the uptake of Ca2+ in the endoplasmic reticulum and its capacitative entry in human lymphomonocytes in the presence of the NO donor S‐nitrosocysteine (CysNO) at low (16 μM) and at high (160 μM) concentrations by measuring the [Ca2+]c by the Fura 2‐AM method. Thapsigargin (TG), which inhibits sarco‐endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+‐ATPase (SERCA), and nifedipine (NIF), which blocks the Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, are used to clarify the effects of NO on calcium movements. In the absence of extracellular Ca2+, CysNO decreases basal [Ca2+]c, whereas TG increases it as the result of SERCA inhibition. This effect of TG diminishes in the presence of the NO donor. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+(capacitative entry conditions), CysNO does not influence Ca2+ entry but reduces the toxic effects of TG connected to the increase of [Ca2+]c in these conditions. The effect of NIF is, up to a certain extent, similar to that of CysNO, although the mechanisms of action of the two agents do not seem related. We conclude that CysNO participates in [Ca2+]c homeostasis by stimulating the movement of the ion from the cytosol to other compartments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:35–40, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20211
Comparative cytotoxicity of alachlor, acetochlor, and metolachlor herbicides in isolated rat and cryopreserved human hepatocytes
Authors: Kale Vijay M. , Miranda Sonia R. , Wilbanks Mitchell S. , Meyer Sharon A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNoncancerous adverse effects observed at the lowest dose for chloroacetanilide herbicides alachlor [2‐chloro‐2′,6′‐diethyl‐N‐(methoxymethyl)‐acetanilide] and acetochlor [2‐chloro‐2′‐methyl‐6′‐ethyl‐N‐(ethoxymethyl)acetanilide], but not metolachlor [2‐chloro‐2′‐ethyl‐6′‐methyl‐N‐(1‐methyl‐2‐methoxymethyl)acetanilide], are hepatotoxicity in rats and dogs. Liver microsomalN‐dealkylation, a step in the putative activating pathway, of acetochlor exceeds that of alachlor and is negligible for metolachlor. In the present investigation, cytotoxicity of the three chloroacetanilides was ranked using isolated rat and cryopreserved human hepatocytes to correlate this endpoint with CYP3A‐dependent metabolism. Chloroacetanilide cytotoxicity in rat hepatocyte suspensions was time dependent (e.g., LC50 ‐ alachlor/2 hvs. LC50 ‐ alachlor/4 h= 765 vs. 325 μM). Alachlor and acetochlor were more potent than metolachlor after 2 and 4 h, times whenN‐dealkylated alachlor product 2‐chloro‐N‐(2,6‐diethylphenyl)acetamide (CDEPA) formation was readily detectable. Alachlor and acetochlor potencies with cryopreserved human hepatocytes at 2 h were comparable to freshly isolated rat hepatocytes, and alachlor metabolism to CDEPA was likewise detectable. Unlike rat hepatocytes, metolachlor potency was equivalent to acetochlor and alachlor in human hepatocytes. Furthermore, chloroacetanilide cytotoxicity from two sources of human hepatocytes varied inversely with CYP3A4 activity. Collectively, while cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes was consistent with chloroacetanilide activation by CYP3A, an activating role for CYP3A4 was not supported with human hepatocytes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 22:41–50, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20213
RNACluster: An integrated tool for RNA secondary structure comparison and clustering
Authors: Liu Qi , Olman V. , Liu Huiqing , Ye Xiuzi , Qiu Shilun , Xu Ying 
Published: February 2008

AbstractRNA structure comparison is a fundamental problem in structural biology, structural chemistry, and bioinformatics. It can be used for analysis of RNA energy landscapes, conformational switches, and facilitating RNA structure prediction. The purpose of our integrated tool RNACluster is twofold: to provide a platform for computing and comparison of different distances between RNA secondary structures, and to perform cluster identification to derive useful information of RNA structure ensembles, using a minimum spanning tree (MST) based clustering algorithm. RNACluster employs a cluster identification approach based on a MST representation of the RNA ensemble data and currently supports six distance measures between RNA secondary structures. RNACluster provides a user‐friendly graphical interface to allow a user to compare different structural distances, analyze the structure ensembles, and visualize predicted structural clusters. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2008
Metabolic depression induced by urea in organs of the wood frog,Rana sylvatica: effects of season and temperature
Authors: Muir Timothy J. , Costanzo Jon P. , Lee Richard E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractIt has long been suspected that urea accumulation plays a key role in the induction or maintenance of metabolic suppression during extended dormancy in animals from diverse taxa. However, little evidence supporting that hypothesis in living systems exists. We measured aerobic metabolism of isolated organs from the wood frog (Rana sylvatica) in the presence or absence of elevated urea at various temperatures using frogs acclimatized to different seasons. The depressive effect of urea on metabolism was not consistent across organs, seasons, or temperatures. None of the organs from summer frogs, which were tested at 20°C, or from winter frogs tested at 4°C were affected by urea treatment. However, liver, stomach, and heart from spring frogs tested at 4°C had significantly lower metabolic rates when treated with urea as compared with control samples. Additionally, when organs from winter frogs were tested at 10°C, metabolism was significantly decreased in urea‐treated liver and stomach by ∼15% and in urea‐treated skeletal muscle by ∼50%. Our results suggest that the presence of urea depresses the metabolism of living organs, and thereby reduces energy expenditure, but its effect varies with temperature and seasonal acclimatization. The impact of our findings may be wide ranging owing to the number of diverse organisms that accumulate urea during dormancy.J. Exp. Zool. 309A:111–116, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of warm temperature acclimation‐related protein 65‐kDa (Wap65) mRNA, and physiological changes with increasing water temperature in black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli
Authors: Choi Cheol Young , An Kwang Wook , Choi Yong Ki , Jo Pil Gue , Min Byung Hwa 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe isolated the warm temperature acclimation‐related protein 65‐kDa (Wap65) cDNA from the liver of black porgy and investigated the expression by increasing water temperature in black porgy, Acanthopagrus schlegeli. Black porgy Wap65 full‐length cDNA consists of 1,338 nucleotides, including an open reading frame, predicted to encode a protein of 425 amino acids and showed high homology to pufferfish (79%), Medaka (73%), carp (70%), and goldfish (68%) Wap65. Increase in water temperature (20°C → 30°C; 1°C/day) induced the rise of Wap65 mRNA expression in liver of black porgy. Also, the levels of cortisol and glucose in plasma were significantly higher at 30°C than at 20°C. To determine the high water temperature stressor specificity of the induction of Wap65, black porgy were transferred from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) for 24 hr. Wap65 expression was not detected when the fish were transferred from SW to FW (in fish transferred from SW to FW), although the levels of cortisol and glucose in plasma were increased. These results suggest that increase in Wap65 gene is related to high water temperature stress and play important roles in high water temperature environment of black porgy. J. Exp. Zool. 309A:206–214, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influences of the Indian Ocean dipole on the Asian summer monsoon in the following year
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Yang Hui , Zhou Wen , Li Chongyin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBy exploring the spatiotemporal features of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) both on the sea surface and in the subsurface ocean, the present article reveals that the subsurface dipole mode, with larger amplitude than the surface one, is likely to prolong the dipole signal for a long time.Using the wind and geopotential height data from NCEP/NCAR, this article further investigates IOD impacts on the Asian summer monsoon activities in the following year. A normal (late) South China Sea summer monsoon onset is associated with the previous positive (negative) IOD. In the summer after an IOD year, a positive (negative) IOD tends to induce a stronger (weaker) 100‐hPa South Asian High, with a more (less) eastward‐extending high ridge, and also an enhanced (a weakened) 500‐hPa western Pacific subtropical high, with a westward‐advancing (an eastward‐retreating) high ridge. Influenced by the anomalous 850‐hPa Asian monsoon circulations and the longitudinal position of the 500‐hPa subtropical high ridge, summer rainfall in China also exhibits different patterns corresponding to different phases of the IOD in the previous year. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Theory and experiment of large numerical aperture objective Raman microscopy: application to the stress‐tensor determination in strained cubic materials
Authors: Ossikovski Razvigor , Nguyen Quang , Picardi Gennaro , Schreiber Joachim , Morin Pierre 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe present the theory underlying the large numerical aperture objective micro‐Raman backscattering experiment and apply it to the elaboration of a characterization methodology for the determination of the stress tensor in strained cubic semiconductor structures. The presented stress characterization technique consists in monitoring the variations of the stress‐sensitive optical phonon peak position and linewidth while rotating stepwise the sample about its normal. The practical application of the technique is illustrated on a silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) microelectronic structure demonstrating a plane stress‐tensor determination. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ascorbic acid metabolism in fruits: activity of enzymes involved in synthesis and degradation during ripening in mango and guava
Authors: Gomez Maria Luiza PA , Lajolo Franco M 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Ascorbic acid is a very important compound for plants. It has essential functions, mainly as an antioxidant and growth regulator. Ascorbic acid biosynthesis has been extensively studied, but studies in fruits are very limited. In this work we studied the influence of five enzymes involved in synthesis (L‐galactono‐1,4‐lactone dehydrogenase, GalLDH, EC 1.3.2.3), oxidation (ascorbate oxidase, EC 1.10.3.3, and ascorbate peroxidase, APX, EC 1.11.1.11) and recycling (monodehydroascorbate reductase, EC 1.6.5.4, and dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) on changes in ascorbic acid content during development and ripening of mangoes (Mangifera indica L. cv. Keitt) and during the ripening of white pulp guavas (Psidium guayava L. cv. Paloma).RESULTS: It was found that there was a balance between the activities of GalLDH, APX and DHAR, both in mangoes and guavas.CONCLUSIONS: Equilibrium between the enzymatic activities of synthesis, catabolism and recycling is important for the regulation of ascorbic acid content in mango and guava. These results have contributed to understanding some of the changes that occur in ascorbic acid levels during fruit ripening. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Segmental distribution and expression of two heterodimeric amino acid transporter mRNAs in the intestine of pigs during different ages
Authors: Feng Dingyuan , Zhou Xiangyan , Zuo Jianjun , Zhang Changming , Yin Yulong , Wang Xiuqi , Wang Tian 
Published: February 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Segmental distribution and expression of two heterodimeric amino acid transporter mRNAs during different ages were evaluated in pigs along the horizontal axis of the intestine.RESULTS: The intestinal distribution of b0, + AT and y+LAT1 mRNA at day 90 showed that for b0, + AT the mRNA levels were increased from the proximal to distal part of the small intestine (P < 0.05) and dropped dramatically in colon (P < 0.05). The ileum had the highest b0, + AT mRNA abundance and the ileum had the lowest. Compared to b0, + AT, the y+ LAT1 mRNA levels were decreased from the proximal to distal part of the small intestine (P < 0.05). The duodenum has the highest y+ LAT1 mRNA abundance. The mRNA abundance of b0, + AT mRNA increased linearly (P < 0.0001) from day 1 to day 150 in ileum.CONCLUSION: The mRNA expression of heterodimeric amino acid transporters (b0, + AT and y+LAT1) was not only differentially regulated by age but also differentially distributed along the intestine of piglets at early stages and growing stages of life, which may be related to luminal substrate concentration as well as amino acid requirement and hormones. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Evaluation of a Non‐Woven Fabric Coated with a Chitosan Bi‐Layer Composite for Wound Dressing
Authors: Liu Bai‐Shuan , Yao Chun‐Hsu , Fang Shr‐Shin 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study presents a novel design of an easily stripped bi‐layer composite that consists of an upper layer of a soybean protein non‐woven fabric coated with a lower layer, a genipin‐crosslinked chitosan film, as a wound dressing material. This study examines thein vitroproperties of the genipin‐crosslinked chitosan film and the bi‐layer composite. Furthermore,in vivoexperiments are conducted to study wounds treated with the composite in a rat model. Experimental results show that the degree of crosslinking and thein vitrodegradation rate of the genipin‐crosslinked chitosan films can be controlled by varying the genipin contents. In addition, the genipin contents should exceed 0.025 wt.‐% of the chitosan‐based material if complete crosslinking reactions between genipin and chitosan molecules are required. Water contact angle analysis shows that the genipin‐crosslinked chitosan film is not highly hydrophilic; therefore, the genipin‐crosslinked chitosan layer is not entangled with the soybean protein non‐woven fabric, which forms an easily stripped interface layer between them. Furthermore, this new wound dressing material provides adequate moisture, thereby minimizing the risk of wound dehydration, and exhibits good mechanical properties. Thein vivohistological assessment results reveal that epithelialization and reconstruction of the wound are achieved by covering the wound with the composite, and the composite is easily stripped from the wound surface without damaging newly regenerated tissue.magnified image
Effects of Calcium Carbonate Polymorph on the Structure and Properties of Soy Protein‐Based Nanocomposites
Authors: Liu Dagang , Tian Huafeng , Jia Xuewei , Zhang Lina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNovel protein‐based nanocomposites were well prepared by in vivo synthesis and co‐precipitation of soy protein isolate (SPI) with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in an aqueous solution. The resultant CaCO3 in the nanocomposites was identified as calcite‐ and aragonite‐type, respectively. The morphology and structure of the CaCO3/SPI composites were investigated by means of wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscopy, and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The results revealed that the polymorph and the size of CaCO3 in the nanocomposites were dependent on its content, pH, and the conformation of soy protein. At the content of more than 5%, CaCO3 was changed into calcite crystal with the preference of growing along (104) plane. However, at lower content of less than 5%, CaCO3 preferred to form aragonite in the composite as a result of the modulation by soy protein. The aragonite nanocrystals were arrayed in the direction of (111) plane and self‐assembled along β‐sheet planes of soy protein polypeptides. The mechanical properties, thermal stability, and water resistance of the CaCO3/SPI nanocomposites were significantly improved as a result of the nanosized effects. Interestingly, the aragonite/SPI nanocomposite exhibited higher tensile strength (about 50 MPa) than that of calcite/SPI, owing to a good compatibility and strong interaction between aragonite and soy protein polypeptides. This work provided a simple pathway to develop the soy protein‐based bio‐hybrid materials with high mechanical strength and valuable information on their structure—properties relationship.magnified image
Low‐Cost, Thermoresponsive Wettability of Surfaces: Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/Polystyrene Composite Films Prepared by Electrospinning
Authors: Wang Nü , Zhao Yong , Jiang Lei 
Published: February 2008

AbstractLow‐cost, responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)/polystyrene composite films were prepared by a facile electrospinning technique. The surface structures and wettabilities of the composite films are tunable by simply controlling the concentration of polymer. With a proper proportion of each polymer, the wettability of the surface can be switched between superhydrophilicity and superhydrophobicity when the temperature is changed from 20 °C to 50 °C. The combination of a stimuli‐responsive polymer with micro/nanostructures on the surface of the composite film contributes to this unique surface property.magnified image