bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Clinical and radiographical evaluation of two agenesis alveolar ridges of upper lateral incisors. A case report with 5 years follow up
Authors: Botticelli Gianluca , Pizzolante Tommaso , Capogreco Mario , Prata Paolo , Calabrò Paolo , Severino Marco , Testa Giovanni , Rastelli Sofia 
Published: February 2025

Besides the functional issues, lateral incisor agenesis represents a significant aesthetic drawback (1).
The decision about the treatment plan is complex due to the long-term success, which is not easy to achieve. It has to be discussed with the orthodontists to choose the closure, using permanent canines to replace the missing teeth, or maintaining the spaces, for example, with Maryland bridges or implants.
The main advantage of orthodontic gap closure is that this approach preserves the natural architecture of the complex and soft tissues. However, canines and premolar sizes and shapes should be adjusted to mimic the replaced teeth, eventually resorting to odontoplasty or veneers (13).
This article aims to show clinical protocols and procedures for the Split Crest without any graft.
The biggest problem in agenesis cases is the thickness of the bone, which is bucco-palatal and associated with the need for proper functional and esthetic rehabilitation.
In the case that we reported, because of the lack of thickness, we performed a minimally invasive split crest, which allowed us to correct the implant insertion with immediate loading by a temporary crown, just for aesthetic reasons.
A step-by-step technical report on the novel 'PREMADE Protocol' for fabricating acrylic provisional prostheses for all-on-4 treatment concept
Authors: Pitino Alberto , Gianfreda Francesco , Dolci Alessandro , Fossati Edoardo , Voghera Gloria , Bollero Patrizio , Gargari Marco , Karimi Dora , Martelli Mirko 
Published: February 2025

Background: This technical report describes how to use a prosthetic protocol with a standardized immediate and fixed prosthesis that is the same for all patients. The prosthesis called “PREMADE” is adapted to various arch sizes (narrow, regular, and wide, with uniform teeth in all cases). This aim is to obviate the need for all laboratory procedures following the positioning of the implant.
Case Presentation: This report details the application of the PREMADE protocol in a clinical setting. It illustrates its use in a patient requiring immediate dental implant loading, highlighting the protocol’s step-by-step technical nuances. The case underscores the protocol’s efficiency in reducing laboratory phases and chair time, facilitated by its innovative approach of utilizing a standardized prefabricated arch adaptable to various jaw sizes. The procedure’s success is evident in the minimized patient discomfort and improved osseointegration, attributed to the protocol’s stability and micromotion control.
Conclusions: The PREMADE protocol signifies a transformative advancement in immediate dental implant loading, enhancing procedural efficiency and patient outcomes. Its application demonstrates the potential to reduce procedural complexity and time, thereby improving the patient experience. However, further research is required to establish its universal applicability and to compare it with other immediate loading protocols. The future integration of this protocol in all-on-4 rehabilitation could revolutionize the prosthetic phase, making advanced dental treatments more accessible.
Myofunctional therapy and atypical swallowing multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Martelli Mirko , Russomanno Wanda Lelia , Di Vecchio Stefano , Gargari Marco , Bollero Patrizio , Ottria Liliana , Dolci Alessandro , Gianfreda Francesco 
Published: February 2025

Myofunctional therapy offers an innovative approach to correcting orofacial dysfunctions and bad habits. This article describes how myofunctional treatment, in collaboration with various medical specialties, can improve not only orthodontic problems but also other conditions treated by specialists such as Neurologists, Speech Therapists, Osteopaths, Otorhinolaryngologists, Allergists and Pediatricians. This article aims to highlight how the Froggy Mouth, a lightweight and simple device, can offer support and benefits to various specialists across different medical disciplines.
Impact of Roughness Spanwise Wavelength on Secondary Flow Rearrangement
Authors: Yang Jianzhi , Yang Xiang , Liu Luoqin , Zhu Jian , Zhu Xiaowei 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Spanwise heterogeneity in surface roughness generates secondary mean flows in a rough-wall turbulent boundary layer. This study investigates the influence of roughness spanwise wavelength on the arrangement of these secondary flows using Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS). We systematically vary the spanwise wavelength, S/δ, from π/16 to 2π, while maintaining constant roughness height and surface coverage density. Here, S represents the roughness spanwise wavelength, and δ denotes the outer length scale, which in this case is the half-channel height. Secondary flows are observed in all DNS cases, but their configurations depend on the spanwise wavelength. Specifically, small wavelengths result in low-momentum pathways above the roughness elements, whereas large wavelengths lead to high-momentum pathways at these locations. To elucidate the mechanisms behind this rearrangement, we analyze the mean streamwise vorticity transport equation. The findings indicate that shear stress anisotropy induces another pair of secondary vortices above the roughness elements as the spanwise wavelength increases. Given that secondary flows are features of the mean flow, we further examine the budgets of the dispersive kinetic energy (DKE). The analyses reveal that at small spanwise wavelengths, shear production primarily generates DKE, while at large wavelengths, wake production becomes the dominant energy source. Building on these insights, we propose a refined classification for surfaces with spanwise heterogeneity.
Noncontact SThM Thermal Conductivity Measurements of GeSbTe Thin Films Sputtered on Silicon and Glass Substrates
Authors: Zhang Yun , Choudhary Ankit , Zhu Wenkai , Efstathiadis Harry , Yang Bao , Borca-Tasciuc Theodorian 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Chalcogenide materials based on germanium–antimony–tellurium (GST) are typically used in phase change memory (PCM) applications. The thermal conductivity of GST films is an important factor in predicting the temperature evolution and the structural alterations of the material in response to rapid thermal transitions inherent in memory operations. While several techniques have been used to determine the thin film thermal conductivity of GSTs, they require fabricating electrical connections for metal heaters or thermometers on test samples. In this paper, we report using a noncontact scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) technique to measure the thermal conductivity of GST thin films while circumventing the need for sample preparation. A Wollaston wire probe of a 5-μm diameter was used as a Joule-heated thermometer to measure the probe thermal resistance in air far away and at 100 nm away from the sample surface. Detailed heat transfer modeling between the probe, sample, and ambient, which considers the nonclassical heat transfer across the gap between the SThM probe and sample surface, was used to determine the thermal resistance of several GST films sputtered with different powers on glass and silicon substrates. The thermal conductivity of GST thin film shows a reducing trend from 0.7 to 0.2 W m−1 K−1 when the thickness reduces from 159 nm to 24 nm. The reasons for thermal conductivity reduction are elucidated based on analytical thermal conductivity modeling.
Exploring the Influence of Feature Selection Methods on a Random Forest Model for Gait Time Series Prediction Using Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Moghadam Shima Mohammadi , Choisne Julie 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Despite the increasing use of inertial measurement units (IMUs) and machine learning techniques for gait analysis, there remains a gap in which feature selection methods are best tailored for gait time series prediction. This study explores the impact of using various feature selection methods on the performance of a random forest (RF) model in predicting lower limb joints kinematics from two IMUs. The primary objectives of this study are as follows: (1) Comparing eight feature selection methods based on their ability to identify more robust feature sets, time efficiency, and impact on RF models' performance, and (2) assessing the performance of RF models using generalized feature sets on a new dataset. Twenty-three typically developed (TD) children (ages 6–15) participated in data collection involving optical motion capture (OMC) and IMUs. Joint kinematics were computed using opensim. By employing eight feature selection methods (four filter and four embedded methods), the study identified 30 important features for each target. These selected features were used to develop personalized and generalized RF models to predict lower limbs joints kinematics during gait. This study reveals that various feature selection methods have a minimal impact on the performance of personalized and generalized RF models. However, the RF and mutual information (MI) methods provided slightly lower errors and outliers. MI demonstrated remarkable robustness by consistently identifying the most common features across different participants. ElasticNet emerged as the fastest method. Overall, the study illuminated the robustness of RF models in predicting joint kinematics during gait in children, showcasing consistent performance across various feature selection methods.
Co-Axial Rotor Aero-Engine System: A Hybrid Modelling and Dynamic in Situ Residual Balancing between High and Small Frequencies along Simulated Trial Unbalances with Active Magnetic Bearing Integration
Authors: Murugan S Bala , Behera R K 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Imbalance is a synchronous vibration and is observed at the 1x (synchronous vibration). In this study, the dynamic in-field balancing of the co-axial rotor aero-engine system, that is, the estimation of the residual imbalance, is considered with the active magnetic bearing (AMB) integration. AMB devices are built with a feedback control algorithm with a PID control. The improved influence coefficient method (IICM) is used to identify imbalance forces in low and high-pressure rotors simultaneously through simulated trial unbalance from AMB magnetic excitation. To estimate the imbalances using IICM, the system's vibratory responses in the limited regions and the simulated trial unbalances' phase and magnitudes are only needed. The coaxial-rotor system's differential equation and dynamic model are established with a squeeze-film damper (SFD) at a low-pressure rotor using force coefficients in linear form. A flexible roller bearing, including an inter-shaft flexible bearing (IFB), supports the high-pressure rotor at both ends accordingly. For a mathematical model, the displacement response from a co-axial rotor aero-engine with discrete unbalances for multi-disk and multi-plane configurations is established to illustrate the proposed technique by a FEM. To validate the proposed technique, a specific percentage from measurement noises is considered while estimating the residual imbalances. It is found that the co-axial rotor system can smoothly cross its critical speed with minimal vibrational response upon balancing.
POLM inhibits porcine epidemic diarrhea virus replication by degrading multiple viral structural proteins
Authors: Cao Xinyu , Liu Yingyu , Tong Wu , Qin Wenzhen , Yang Xinyu , Yu Hai , Zheng Hao , Zhang Wen , Tong Guangzhi , Kong Ning , Shan Tongling 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Porcine epidemic diarrhea, as a porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV)-induced infectious intestinal condition typified by diarrhea, emesis, dehydration, and anorexia, leads to death rates as high as 100% among suckling piglets. Given the existing commercial vaccines, it is essential to study host-virus interactions and formulate efficient anti-viral regimes. This study concerned a host factor POLM (a DNA polymerase family member) that exerts an anti-viral effect against PEDV proliferation. Our results indicated that POLM expression was increased following PEDV infection and was regulated by the transcription factor FOXA1. In addition, our findings indicated that POLM targeted and degraded PEDV structural proteins (N, S2, and M) by the autophagy pathway to inhibit PEDV proliferation. POLM could recruit the E3 ubiquitination ligase MARCH8 for N, S2, and M protein ubiquitination, which was subsequently recognized by p62, a cargo receptor, for translocation to the autophagic lysosome, therefore degrading the N, S2, and M proteins and preventing PEDV proliferation. In summary, we showed a novel therapeutic target for combating PEDV, i.e., using the POLM-MARCH8-p62-autophagosome pathway to degrade the PEDV N, S2, and M proteins.

IMPORTANCE
PEDV is a coronavirus that causes high mortality in piglets, which poses significant economic damage to swine farming. During PEDV infection, the host cells may promote the natural anti-viral immune response to suppress viral replication through a variety of potential host factors. In this study, we found upregulation of a host factor POLM by FOXA1 (a transcription factor) during PEDV infection. It was indicated that POLM could be a new anti-viral protein against the PEDV replication, which interacted with MARCH8 (an E3 ubiquitin ligase) and p62 (a cargo receptor) to facilitate the PEDV N, S2, and M protein degradation via the autophagy process. Apart from elucidating a previously unidentified anti-viral function of POLM, this study also provides a novel perspective for studying host anti-viral factors that act as regulators of anti-PEDV protein degrading pathways.
Gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel habits in 53 046 healthy Danish blood donors: a nationwide cross-sectional study
Authors: Grosen Anne Karmisholt , Boldsen Jens Kjærgaard , Mikkelsen Susan , Mark Dahl Baunwall Simon , Dahlerup Jens Frederik , Dinh Khoa Manh , Topholm Bruun Mie , Aagaard Bitten , Mikkelsen Christina , Nissen Janna , Brodersen Thorsten , Petersen Mikkel Steen , Rostgaard Klaus , Hjalgrim Henrik , Sørensen Erik , Ostrowski Sisse Rye , Pedersen Ole Birger , Hvas Christian Lodberg , Erikstrup Christian 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveTo characterise gastrointestinal symptoms and bowel habits in healthy blood donors and explore symptom phenotypes and their associated factors.MethodsBetween November 2020 and March 2023, 53 046 participants in the nationwide Danish Blood Donor Study completed a questionnaire including 13 gastrointestinal symptoms, defaecation pattern regularity, stool frequency, and stool consistency. We used a data-driven approach to explore symptom phenotypes and investigated associated factors by multinomial logistic regression.ResultsAmong the 53 046 participants (52% women), 68% (95% CI 67.5% to 68.3%) reported at least one of 13 gastrointestinal symptoms. The most frequent symptoms were bloating (40%), abdominal rumbling (40%), abdominal pain (17%), acid regurgitation (13%), heartburn (12%), diarrhoea (12%), nausea (12%), and constipation (10%). Half of the participants (50%) had a regular defaecation pattern (defined as generally the same stool consistency and stool frequency) consisting of Bristol Stool Form Scale 4 stools 1–3 times per day. Symptom phenotypes and their prevalence among 51 820 near-complete case participants were as follows: (1) no gastrointestinal symptoms (32%); (2) bloating and/or rumbling only (21%); (3) acid regurgitation and/or heartburn only (4%); (4) any other one or two symptoms (14%); (5) any three or four symptoms (18%); (6) any five or six symptoms (7%); (7) at least seven symptoms (3%). The acid regurgitation and/or heartburn only phenotype associated with obesity, and the remaining symptomatic phenotypes were associated with female sex, decreasing age, and an irregular defaecation pattern, even after excluding individuals with self-reported irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance, or gluten intolerance.ConclusionMost healthy adults, especially women younger than 50 years, experience gastrointestinal symptoms. Symptom phenotypes strongly correlate with sex, age, and bowel habits.
Exploring gender and intersecting social stratifiers at a community level: insights from three social innovation research hubs in Colombia, the Philippines and Uganda
Authors: Mier Abigail Ruth , Echavarria Maria Isabel , Awor Phyllis , del Pilar-Labarda Meredith , Kharel Chandani , Otmani del Barrio Mariam 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundSocial innovations have been recognised as potential interventions to address health disparities, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. In the context of social innovation research, understanding how gender intersects with other social stratifiers is crucial, as these intersections are shaped by power imbalances and systems and structures of oppression, influencing health vulnerability, access to services and treatment outcomes. Prompted by the Intersectional Gender Research Strategy set up by the Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), three hubs of the Social Innovation in Health Initiative aimed to explore how gender dimensions played a role in existing social innovation projects at a community level.MethodsWe purposefully conducted the research in selected areas where social innovations in health were operating—sites in Colombia, the Philippines and Uganda. Qualitative methods, including semistructured interviews and focus group discussions, were used to gather in-depth insights. An iterative, inductive process of open coding guided the analysis, allowing themes to emerge organically and ensuring findings were grounded and contextually relevant.ResultsThe following insights were drawn: (a) vulnerability and disease exposure stem from deeply ingrained patriarchal societal structures wherein social innovations operate; (b) gender norms and gender roles influence the participation in social innovations and health programmes; (c) The lack of women’s autonomy and gender-based discrimination remains a crucial challenge in the achievement of equitable health and (d) social innovations in health recognise the unique challenges faced by women and girls and respond by designing tailor-fit interventions to address these specific needs.ConclusionIncorporating an intersectional gender lens can lead to a deeper, more nuanced understanding of the relationship between social innovations in health and the communities that they operate in.
Heterogeneous association of health with patient and general practice characteristics by region, age and chronic condition: pooled cross-sectional study of patient-level data from England
Authors: Feng Yan , Gravelle Hugh , Gordeev Vladimir Sergeevich 
Published: February 2025

ObjectivesTo investigate the association of individual patient health with their characteristics, including income deprivation, ethnicity and gender, with the size, quality and staffing of their general practices, and how these associations and income-related health inequality vary across chronic conditions, regions and age bands.DesignUsing observational pooled cross-sectional individual patient survey data linked with data on general practice clinical quality and staffing and deprivation at Lower-Layer Super Output Area level. Ordinary least-squares multiple regression models of patient health estimated on the full sample and on eight condition-specific, nine region-specific and six age-specific subsamples. Three concentration indices embodying different value judgements summarise income-related health inequality in the full sample and subsamples.SettingPrimary care in England.ParticipantsOver 1 million adult patients in 6426 general practices in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017.Primary outcome measuresPatient-reported health (the 5-level EQ-5D version or EQ-5D-5L).ResultsPatients who are younger, male, more satisfied with their practice, have fewer chronic conditions and live in less-income or education-deprived areas report better health. White ethnicity is associated with worse health up to age 64 and better health from age 65, with better health in five of the eight chronic condition samples, and in the regional samples except for London and Yorkshire and Humber regions. Practice clinical quality is positively associated with health in the full sample but only in 4 of the 23 subsamples. Income-related health inequality is worst for patients with a mental health problem, residents in the northwest and northeast regions and is greatest for those aged 55–64. The three concentration indices are highly positively correlated across chronic condition and age-band samples. One index has a much weaker correlation relationship with the other two indices in the region-specific samples.ConclusionIncome-related health inequality and the associations of health with patient and practice characteristics are heterogeneous by patients’ chronic condition, age and region.
Examining the relationship between incidence and mortality for commonly diagnosed cancers in the USA: an observational study using population-based SEER database
Authors: Adamson Adewole S , Patel Vishal R , Welch H Gilbert 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveIncidence and mortality are fundamental epidemiologic measures of cancer burden, yet few studies have examined individual cancers to determine how these measures correlate across place. We assessed the relationship between incidence and mortality for commonly diagnosed cancers in the USA.DesignPopulation-based observational study of US counties.Setting and participantsThe Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database was used to obtain incidence (2000–2016) and mortality (2002–2018) data for the 12 most commonly diagnosed non-haematologic cancers.Outcome measuresCounty-level correlation between cancer incidence and mortality. Cancers were grouped into terciles based on the population-weighted correlation coefficient (r). We also examined the 10 year risk of death, both from the diagnosed cancer and other causes.ResultsCounty-level incidence and mortality were strongly correlated in some cancers, yet uncorrelated in others. Cancers in the high-correlation tercile (r range: 0.96 to 0.78) included lung, stomach, liver and pancreas. For patients with these cancers, the risk of death from the diagnosed cancer was >4-times the risk of death from other causes. The moderate-correlation tercile (r: 0.75 to 0.58) included cancers of the colon, bladder, kidney and uterus. There was little or no relationship between incidence and mortality for cancers in the low-correlation tercile (r: 0.33 to −0.10): melanoma, prostate, breast and thyroid. The risk of death from the diagnosed cancer for these patients was either lower or no different than their risk of death from other causes.ConclusionsFor some cancers in the USA, the fundamental epidemiologic measure of disease frequency—incidence—now has little relationship with cancer death (mortality). Low correlations are most likely explained by differences in diagnostic practice leading to variable amounts of cancer overdiagnosis between different US counties.