bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immunologic changes in acute canine blastomycosis
Authors: Legendre Alfred M. , Becker Penny U. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Immunologic evaluations were done on a total of 21 dogs presented with acute blastomycosis. There were significant increases in serum α2-, β-, and γ-globulins with decreases in albumin concentration. Serum immunoglobulin G was significantly increased, while immunoglobulin M was decreased.
Lymphocyte reactivity was evaluated in 6 dogs with acute blastomycosis. There were significant reductions in lymphocyte reactivity in autologous sera to pokeweed, concanavalin, and phytohemagglutinin stimulation. In addition to decreased reactivity of lymphocytes in dogs with normal lymphocyte counts, 40% of dogs with acute blastomycosis were lymphopenic. Abnormalities in cellmediated immunity may have a role in the pathogenesis of canine blastomycosis.
Caprine arthritis-encephalitis: Clinicopathologic study
Authors: Woodard J. Carroll , Gaskin J. M. , Poulos P. W. , MacKay R. J. , Burridge M. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chronic arthritis caused by caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus was observed after the introduction of new animals into a goat herd. There were high frequency of carpal hygroma and clinical signs of stiffness. The disease was progressive and produced a debilitating lameness among 30% of the affected animals. Laboratory findings were limited to alterations in synovial fluid which showed increased numbers of lymphocytes. Pathologic changes were observed in the joints, bursae, and adjacent tissues. Vascular injury and capillary leakage resulted in exudation into synovial cavities. Fibrin coated the synovial lining and formed (amorphous) long thread-like or broad-based villi. The articular cartilage was eroded. Cartilage erosion and penetration of the articular cartilage by pannus were associated with the presence of subchondral pseudocysts. The morphologic changes in bone and synovial tissues were like those described in human rheumatoid arthritis, except that rheumatoid nodules were not observed.
Experimentally induced parainfluenza type 3 virus infection in young lambs: Pathologic response
Authors: Cutlip R. C. , Lehmkuhl H. D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pulmonary changes in five 1-week-old, colostrum-deprived lambs transtracheally inoculated with parainfluenza type 3 virus were studied by immunofluorescent, microscopic, and ultrastructural techniques. The lambs were killed at postinoculation days (pid) 3, 5, and 7. Immunofluorescence specific for parainfluenza type 3 virus was first seen in small airways and alveolar epithelium and later in the lumens of airways and alveoli and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitium of the lungs. Grossly, there were multifocal areas of consolidation in all lobes of the lungs. These areas were characterized microscopically by bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonitis. The bronchiolitis involved the terminal airways and consisted of necrosis and sloughing of epithelial cells followed by hyperplasia of the epithelium. The interstitial lesion comprised extensive infiltration of alveolar septa and alveoli with macrophages and the necrosis of alveolar epithelium. This was followed by hyperplasia of the epithelium. Degenerated bronchiolar and alveolar epithelium contained numerous intracytoplasmic inclusions early in the infection, but such inclusions were not seen in the lambs killed at pid 7. The degenerated changes were also seen with the electron microscope, as were numerous inclusions of viral nucleoprotein and a few viral buds at pid 3 and 5. Viral inclusions and buds were seen in ciliated and nonciliated bronchial epithelial cells and type I and type II alveolar epithelial cells.
Effect of thyroid hormone supplementation on chronic doxorubicin (adriamycin)-induced cardiotoxicity and serum concentrations of T3 and T4 in dogs
Authors: Van Vleet John F. , Ferrans Victor J. , Badylak Stephen F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Chronic doxorubicin (adriamycin; adr) intoxication was produced in Beagle dogs by weekly iv injections (1 mg/kg of body weight) for 20 weeks (cumulative dose 400 mg of adr/m2). Group A (5 dogs) were given adr only; group B (5 dogs), adr and daily supplements of 0.5 mg of L-thyroxine (T4) (twice the recommended maintenance dose); and group C (5 dogs), adr and 2.0 mg of T4 daily (8 times the recommended maintenance dose). The control group D (5 dogs) was given 0.5 mg of T4 daily. The adr-induced cutaneous lesions (alopecia and melanosis), body weight loss, hematologic alterations, and myocardial microscopic and ultrastructural alterations (sarcoplasmic vacuolation and myocytolysis) were present with equal severity in the 3 adr-treated groups, with or without T4 supplements. Six of the 15 adr-treated dogs died during the study: 3 dogs had pneumonia, 1 dog had no established cause of death, and 2 dogs (from group C) had lesions of congestive cardiac failure. All adr-treated dogs given a cumulative dose of 340 mg of adr/m2 or more had characteristic myocardial histopathologic alterations, but 2 dogs that died after they were given only 140 or 260 mg of adr/m2 had no microscopic evidence of myocardial damage.
Low serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations were present in adr-treated dogs after 28, 56, 84, 112, and 140 days and were attributed to faulty extrathyroidal conversion of T4 to T3. Serum T4 concentrations were high in dogs given 2 mg of T4/day (group C) after 28, 56, 84, and 112 days, but were low terminally as those dogs became debilitated from chronic adr toxicosis. Unusual clinical signs or cardiac alterations of hyperthyroidism did not develop in the dogs given T4 supplements (groups B, C, and D). Our findings indicate that supplements of T4 do not alter the development of the cardiac and extracardiac lesions of chronic adr toxicosis in dogs and indicate that the adr-induced lesions probably are not mediated via hypothyroidism.
Developmental stages of Dirofilaria immitis in the dog
Authors: Kotani Takao , Powers Kendall G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thirty-six Beagles were inoculated with 3rd-stage infective Dirofilaria immitis larvae to determine when 3rd and 4th molts occurred, how long each stage of development persisted in muscle and skin, and the patterns of larval migration from the infection site to the heart. From 22% to 84% of these larvae were recovered when the dogs were euthanatized and necropsied (mean recovery 45%). Larvae were recovered only from the skin and muscle during the first 58 days. The 5th-stage immature adults were first recovered from the heart in dogs killed on postinoculation day (pid) 70. Migration to the heart was essentially completed in dogs killed on pid 120, although 1 immature adult was recovered from subcutaneous tissues of each dog killed on pid 140 and 142. Starting and completion days of molting periods were recorded along with body lengths of male and female worms from the 3rd, 4th, and 5th stages. Microfilariae were first recovered from the peripheral blood in dogs killed on pid 190. Optimal time for drug evaluation against a particular stage of larval development is as follows: 3rd-stage larvae, pid 0 to 2; 4th-stage larvae, pid 15 to 50; and 5th-stage or immature adults, pid 65 to 120.
Reference serum pepsinogen concentrations in dairy cattle
Authors: Harvey-White J. D. , Smith J. P. , Parbuoni E. , Allen E. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum samples from 27 yearling heifers and 50 lactating cows were analyzed for pepsinogen concentration. Concentrations were 44 ± 12 (sd) ng of pepsinogen/ml (2,200 mU of tyrosine/ml) of serum for the yearling heifers and 20 ± 8 ng/ml (1,400 mU of tyrosime/ml) for the lactating cows. These initial data indicate that a yearling calf, grazing on pasture, with a serum pepsinogen concentration > 68 ng/ml (2,900) mU of tyrosine/ml) should be examined for ostertagiasis.
Effect of monensin on bovine ruminal 3-methylindole production after abrupt change to lush pasture
Authors: Carlson James R. , Hammond Andrew C. , Breeze Roger G. , Potchoiba Michael J. , Heinemann Wilton W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The effect of monensin on ruminal 3-methylindole (3MI) production was investigated in cattle abruptly introduced to lush pasture. A field plot was fertilized, seeded, and irrigated to produce a lush pature. Thirty Hereford cows, fed poor quality hay for 3 weeks before the experiment, were assigned to 2 groups and were given access to lush pature on day 0. Cows in the monensin-treated group were given a daily capsule orally containing 200 mg of monensin, and cows in the nontreated group were given a placebo at daily intervals from day −1 to 7. Ruminal fluid and plasma were collected daily for analysis, and in vitro incubations with tryptophan were conducted on days −1, 1, 4, and 7. Ruminal pH and buffering capacity decreased on days 2 to 4 and then gradually increased, but there were no differences between treatment groups. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were lower (P < 0.05) on days 2 and 5 and ruminal indole was higher (P < 0,05) on days 1 and 2 in the monensin-treated group. Ruminal propionate concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) and acetate and butyrate lower (P < 0.01) on all days in the cows given monensin.
Ruminal 3MI concentrations increased after consumption of lush forage from an initial value of 1.4 ± 0.3 μg/ml, to 8.7 ± 0.5 and 4.9 ± 0.6 μg/ml on day 4, and decreased to 4.9 ± 0.3 and 3.0 ± 0.4 μg/ml on day 7 in nontreated and monensin-treated groups, respectively. Ruminal 3MI concentrations after pasture change were lower (P < 0.05) in the monensin-treated group on all days, except at day 10, which was 3 days after the last monensin dose. The reduction in ruminal 3MI concentration in the monensin group was greater from days 1 to 3 than from days 4 to 7. In vitro conversion of tryptophan to 3MI was lower (P < 0.01) in monensin-treated cows on days 1 and 4, but not on day 7. Seemingly, an increase in ruminal 3MI concentrations occurred in cows after abrupt change from poor quality hay to lush forage, and 3MI concentrations in monensin-treated cows were reduced. The greatest effect of monensin on reduction of 3MI production was observed within the first few days after administration.
Experimental bluetongue infections in gnotobiotic lambs and kids
Authors: Livingston C. W. , McConnell S. , Cummings G. , Gauer B. B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ten gnotobiotic lambs and 4 gnotobiotic kids inoculated with virulent bluetongue virus (btv) including btv international types 10, 11, 13, and 17 did not show clinical signs of bluetongue. Seroconversion was observed in all gnotobiotes and conventional control sheep inoculated with the appropriate challenge btv. Viremia was detected in 1 btv-infected gnotobiote. Conventional control sheep inoculated with a given btv international serotype showed a marked febrile response with hyperemia of the nasal and buccal mucosa.
Fate of autogenous fat implants in the frontal sinuses of cats
Authors: Bright Ronald M. , Thacker H. Leon , Brunner R. David 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Cats (n = 4) were subjected to a bilateral osteotomy overlying the frontal sinuses. The right sinus of each cat served as a control, and the left sinus was filled with autogenous fat harvested from the subcutaneous region of the ventral part of the abdomen. All 4 cats were euthanatized at 200 days. The experiment was designed to determine whether satisfactory obliteration of the left frontal sinus could be accomplished without the benefit of intraoperative magnification. Grossly, obliteration of all 4 sinuses was accomplished in 3 of 4 cats. Light microscopy revealed fluid and/or regrowth of mucous membrane, both considered to be unfavorable sequelae. Although some fat retained viability in the sinus (50% in one cat, 40% in another), most of the obliteration was from mixed fibrous-adipose tissue or bony ingrowth. The clinical significance of this study was not determined, since all 4 cats were free of sinusitis before adipose tissue implantation.
Evaluation of the microimmunodiffusion test for the detection of antibody to pseudorabies virus
Authors: Johnson Michael E. , Thawley David G. , Solorzano Robert F. , Wright James C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The project was conducted to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the microimmunodiffusion test (midt) for the detection of antibodies to pseudorabies virus (prv) in porcine serum. Serum samples from sows and their offspring were tested for the presence of antibodies to prv, using both the midt and the prv serum-neutralization test. Overall sensitivity and specificity of the midt, using serum samples from the sows, were 69% and 98.34%, respectively. When used for the detection of passively transferred antibodies in young pigs, sensitivity and specificity were 34.75% and 99.68%, respectively. The midt was found to be more sensitive (97.26%) for the detection of antibodies produced after inoculation of sows with a field strain of prv than it was after vaccination (26.04%). The difference in sensitivity was observed at titer levels less than 1:32 when these tests were used to detect either actively produced or passively transferred antibodies. The midt was markedly sensitive (100%) when used on serum samples with serum-neutralization titers of 1:4 or above from sows that carried antibodies to field virus. When the midt is used, it must be recognized that many pigs carrying antibodies which have been produced in response to vaccination, and many pigs with low (1:2) serum-neutralization titers following infection will be misclassified.
The high sensitivity and specificity of the midt for the detection of field virus antibodies make the test highly suitable for the serologic screening of swine herds and for use as a backup to other prv serologic tests.
Pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, and behavioral effects of caffeine in horses
Authors: Greene Eugenie W. , Woods William E. , Tobin Thomas 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Caffeine (4 mg/kg) was given by rapid iv injection to 4 horses. Plasma concentrations of the drug peaked at 10 μg/ml and decreased rapidly at first, and then more slowly, with an apparent β-phase half-life of 18.2 hours. Urinary concentrations of caffeine were remarkably consistent at about 3 times plasma values of the drug. Caffeine was detectable in both plasma and urine of the horses for up to 9 days after dosing.
After oral administration, caffeine was absorbed poorly with an apparent bioavailability of 39%. Although blood concentrations of caffeine peaked rapidly after oral administration, its apparent plasma half-life by this route was about 42 hours. These observations identify the possible existence of a slowly absorbed pool of caffeine in the gastrointestinal tract after oral administration.
When caffeine-treated horses were given fentanyl, the locomotor response to fentanyl was enhanced. This potentiation of the fentanyl response peaked at between 0 and 4 hours after dosing and was gone by 72 hours after caffeine dosing. The data indicate that the probability of behavioral stimulation due to caffeine by 72 hours after dosing may be small.
Vaccination of cattle with binary ethylenimine-treated bovine leukemia virus
Authors: Miller J. M. , Van Der Maaten M. J. , Schmerr M. J. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eighteen adult cattle were vaccinated 3 times, at 2-week intervals, with bovine leukemia virus (blv) antigen that had been treated with binary ethylenimine. Two weeks after the last vaccination, 14 vaccinated and 8 nonvaccinated cattle were inoculated (challenge-exposed) with blv-infected lymphocytes. The serologic and virologic responses of all cattle were monitored for 1 year. Serologic examinations included a virus-neutralization test and an agar-gel immunodiffusion test for antibody to the glycoprotein antigen of blv. Of the 3 virologic examinations conducted on isolated blood lymphocytes, 2 detected infective blv—namely, a syncytium-induction assay (sia) and a sheep bioassay. The 3rd examination was a competition radioimmunoassay (cria) for the viral p24 antigen.
All of the 8 nonvaccinated cattle became seropositive within 4 weeks after challenge exposure and they remained positive thereafter. At the time of challenge exposure, the 18 vaccinated cattle had blv-specific antibody. Twelve of the 14 challenge-exposed vaccinated cattle and 1 of the 4 nonchallenge-exposed vaccinated cattle remained seropositive throughout the experiment.
The results of virologic examinations indicated that the 8 nonvaccinated cattle, 12 of the 14 challenge-exposed vaccinated cattle, and 1 of the 4 nonchallenge-exposed vaccinated cattle became infected with blv. Sheep bioassay was the most sensitive indicator of infection. In the in vitro assays, there were fewer positive results in vaccinated than in nonvaccinated cattle. In the sia, 21.8% of the samples from challenge-exposed vaccinated cattle were positive, whereas 87.5% of the samples from nonvaccinated cattle were positive. In the cria, samples from 38.5% of the challenge-exposed vaccinated cattle were positive as compared with those from 75% of the nonvaccinated cattle. All sia and cria tests on nonchallenge-exposed vaccinated cattle gave negative results.
Effects of cyclocryosurgery on the clinically normal canine eye
Authors: Vestre William A. , Brightman Allan H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Four cyclocryosurgical procedures were compared for effects on normal canine eyes. All procedures produced a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in intraocular pressure, a marked uveitis, ciliary epithelial cell loss, edema and engorgement of the ciliary processes, iris necrosis, protein effusion, chemosis, and mild discomfort, as indicated by mild blepharospasm and slight epiphora.
The histopathologic changes were evaluated at 5 minutes, 1 week, 1 month, and 6 months after surgery. The ciliary epithelium was normal in appearance and intraocular pressure had returned to the normal range at 6 months after surgery.
The adverse reactions to the cyclocryosurgical procedures included retinal detachments, chemosis, conjunctivitis, transient increased intraocular pressure, uveitis, iris depigmentation, and corneal granulation tissue.
Identification of bovine lymphocyte subpopulations by a combined bacterial adherence and fluorescent antibody technique
Authors: Canning Peter C. , Kramer Theodore T. , Kaberle Merlin L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
It is known that certain strains of bacteria bind selectively to subpopulations of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We have developed a technique which used the specificity of bacterial binding concurrently with fluorescent antibody staining methods to identify 5 B-cell and 5 T-cell subpopulations of bovine lymphocytes. In addition, greater than 95% of the peripheral blood lymphocytes could be positively identified as being either T-cells or B cells. Using ethidium bromide-stained bacteria and lymphocytes in combination with fluorescent antibody staining to detect surface immunoglobulins or T-cell antigens, the method provided a simple yet highly specific technique for the enumeration of both B and T cells in 1 preparation of peripheral blood lymphocytes. The use of bacterial rosetting with fluorescent antibody staining was found to be easier and more reliable than the methods currently used to identify bovine B- and T-lymphocyte subpopulations.
Numbers of gastrointestinal helminth eggs of Wyoming cattle in two surveys: 1957 to 1961 and 1973 to 1977
Authors: Werner B. A. , Bergstrom R. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
From 1973 to 1977, a survey of internal parasites in Wyoming cattle was conducted via fecal analyses of 1,490 beef cattle. Sugar flotation techniques were used, with a factor of 2 times the actual egg counts. The prevalence of internal parasites of beef cattle in this survey was compared with that in a previous survey conducted on Wyoming beef cattle from 1957 to 1961.
Results of analyses indicated no true change in mean eggs per gram of feces (epg) as follows: calves, 14 epg in 1961 and 20 epg in 1977; yearlings, 29 epg in 1961 and 19 epg in 1977; and adults, 22 epg in 1961 and 21 epg in 1977.
Detection of brucella antibodies of different immunoglobulin classes in cow milk by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
Authors: Thoen Charles O. , Bruner Judy A. , Luchsinger Donald W. , Pietz Donald E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were conducted on milk of cows from which Brucella abortus was isolated and that of noninfected controls. Horseradish peroxidase-labeled rabbit antibovine immunoglobulins IgG, IgG1, and IgA were used as conjugates. A heat-killed whole-cell suspension of B abortus strain 19 was used as the antigen. Differences in antibody profiles were observed in milk of cows from which B abortus was isolated and in milk of noninfected cows. Antibody profiles were similar in milk of cows infected with B abortus and that of cows from which B abortus strain 19 was isolated.
Caprine mycoplasmosis: Widespread infection in goats with Mycoplasma mycoides subsp mycoides (large-colony type)
Authors: DaMassa A. J. , Brooks D. L. , Adler H. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A mycoplasma survey of goats with a history of mastitis, polyarthritis, and pneumonia revealed a high incidence of Mycoplasma mycoides suhsp mycoides (large-colony type). During the early winter kidding season of 1979-1980, kid morbidity in a large commercial dairy herd, evidenced by hyperthermia, polyarthritis, and pneumonia, exceeded 90%. In excess of 200 kids died. Colostral cultures of the parent does yielded 157 isolations from 605 goats (26%). Additional isolations were made from goats with polyarthritis, peritonitis, cns disorders, and pneumonia; these animals represented 6 California counties and the states of Arizona and Idaho. Identification was accomplished by growth inhibition and immunofluorescent studies. Titers in the colostrum, although variable, were as high as 1 × 1010 viable organisms/ml and remained virtually undiminished after storage at 5 C for periods of ≥ 4 weeks. The experimental inoculation of the organism into normal goats 1 week to 2 years of age resulted in the death of most animals between the 4th and 14th day after inoculation, whether the organism was administered intraperitoneally, im, into the teat canal, or orally to young animals. The primary lesions were a fibrinopurulent polyarthritis, fibrinous pleuritis, and pneumonia. It appears that goats can acquire the infection through ingestion, and the organism seems to be widespread in the United States.
Quantitative index for diagnostic surveillance of neoplasms in dogs
Authors: Bender Alan P. , Dorn C. Richard , Schneider Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The probability of detecting a neoplasm in dogs with a previous or concurrent tumor may not be the same as the probability of observing a first neoplasm in the general canine population. A population-based index was developed to quantitate the diagnostic surveillance of tumor-bearing and nontumor-bearing dogs. The index was derived from each dog's excess submissions defined as the difference between the number of tissues submitted for microscopic examination during a dog's registration and the number of confirmed neoplasms derived from the submissions. Based on this index, 14.2% of additional tumors diagnosed in dogs already bearing at least one tumor could be attributed to a difference in the excess submission measure of diagnostic surveillance. This difference in diagnostic surveillance was constant over breed, sex, and tumor type.