bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency medical services preparedness in mass casualty incidents: A systematic review
Authors: Saadatmand Vahid , Marzaleh Milad Ahmadi , Abbasi Hamid Reza , Peyravi Mahmoud Reza , Shokrpour Nasrin 
Published: February 2024

Objective: The role of emergency medical services (EMS) preparedness in mass casualty incidents (MCIs) is crucial. MCIs are increasing worldwide, and EMS must enhance preparedness for them. For this purpose, the main components of EMS preparedness should be identified. This study aimed to describe the components of EMS preparedness in response to MCIs.
Design and setting: This systematic review was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. The articles published from January 1970 to February 2022 were searched to discover the main components of EMS preparedness in MCIs. The electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Science Direct, and ProQuest were searched using predetermined keywords. Ten articles were selected and included in this review.
Results: After reviewing the articles, we identified the components of EMS preparedness in MCIs. Accordingly, 16 main components were extracted and classified into four categories, ie, individual improvement, group improvement, resources, and operations.
Conclusion: MCIs are so complicated that they require adequate prehospital preparedness. This study described the components of EMS preparedness in MCIs. The authorities in EMS will benefit from this framework in planning and responding to MCIs.
Cuentos pictográficos para niños con problemas de aprendizaje en el lenguaje oral
Authors: Revelo Quiñonez Nathaly Naomi , Santillán Mendoza Isabel Rubí , Aguavil Campuez Juana Gabriela 
Published: February 2024

El desarrollo del lenguaje oral es un proceso fundamental en la adquisición de habilidades relacionadas con la expresión y comprensión del lenguaje hablado. El presente estudio tuvo como finalidad determinar los efectos positivos de los cuentos pictográficos en el desarrollo del lenguaje oral en niños de 3 años de edad con problemas de aprendizaje pertenecientes a la Unidad Educativa Kasama. Las limitaciones como la falta de intervenciones adecuadas, barreras socioeconómicas, la escasa valoración del respaldo emocional y social, agravan la situación e impactan negativamente en el bienestar infantil. La metodología aplicada en este estudio fue descriptiva con un enfoque mixto, para lo cual se utilizó métodos cualitativos y cuantitativos de procesamiento de información, instrumentos como la lista de cotejo a los infantes con un cuerpo categorial estructurado sobre las variables de estudio y una entrevista a la educadora, proporcionando datos valiosos sobre las dificultades de los niños en aspectos claves del desarrollo del lenguaje oral como: la pronunciación fonética, comprensión morfosintáctica de situaciones de su entorno, competencias lingüísticas básicas que deben ser estimuladas desde los primeros años de vida. Los resultados revelaron la necesidad de incorporar en las planificaciones curriculares, como en el trabajo pedagógico diario alternativas que dinamicen la gestión del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje como son los cuentos pictográficos, dado que múltiples investigaciones concuerdan que es una de las técnicas lúdicas por excelencia para estimular el lenguaje oral en infantes.
Constraining biospheric carbon dioxide fluxes by combined top-down and bottom-up approaches
Authors: Upton Samuel , Reichstein Markus , Gans Fabian , Peters Wouter , Kraft Basil , Bastos Ana 
Published: February 2024

Abstract. While the growth rate of atmospheric CO2 mole fractions can be measured with high accuracy, there are still large uncertainties in its attribution to specific regions and diverse anthropogenic and natural sources and sinks. A major source of uncertainty is the net flux of carbon dioxide from the biosphere to the atmosphere, the net ecosystem exchange (NEE). There are two major approaches to quantifying NEE: top-down approaches that typically use atmospheric inversions and bottom-up estimates that rely on process-based or data-driven models or inventories. Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have known strengths and limitations. Atmospheric inversions (e.g., those used in global carbon budgets) produce estimates of NEE that are consistent with the atmospheric CO2 growth rate at regional and global scales but are highly uncertain at smaller scales. Bottom-up data-driven models based on eddy-covariance measurements (e.g., FLUXCOM) match local observations of NEE and their spatial variability but have difficulty in accurately upscaling to a reliable global estimate. In this study, we propose combining the two approaches to produce global NEE estimates, with the goal of capitalizing on each approach's strengths and mitigating their limitations. We do this by constraining the data-driven FLUXCOM model with regional estimates of NEE derived from an ensemble of atmospheric inversions from the Global Carbon Budget 2021. To do this, we need to overcome a series of scientific and technical challenges when combining information about diverse physical variables, which are influenced by different processes at different spatial and temporal scales. We design a modeling structure that optimizes NEE by considering both the model's performance at the in situ level, based on eddy-covariance measurements, and at the level of large regions, based on atmospheric inversion estimates of NEE and their uncertainty. This resulting “dual-constraint” data-driven flux model improves on information based on single constraints (either top down or bottom up), producing robust locally resolved and globally consistent NEE spatio-temporal fields. Compared to reference estimates of the global land sink from the literature, e.g., Global Carbon Budgets, our double-constraint inferred global NEE shows a considerably smaller bias in global and tropical NEE compared to the underlying bottom-up data-driven model estimates (i.e., single constraint). The mean seasonality of our double-constraint inferred global NEE is also more consistent with the Global Carbon Budget and atmospheric inversions. At the same time, our model allows for more robustly spatially resolved NEE. The improved performance of the double-constraint model across spatial and temporal scales demonstrates the potential for adding a top-down constraint to a bottom-up data-driven flux model.
Historic Disclosures About Blurry Motives of Politicization in Pakistan’s Judiciary
Authors: Muhammad Riaz  , Turab ul Hassan Sargana  
Published: February 2024

The constitutional role of state institutions is very important for the stability of an independent state. Every independent state has three main pillar Executive, Legislature and Judiciary. While the judiciary being an important pillar in any state, plays a crucial role in maintaining of law and order, and peace along with political stability. In case of Pakistan judiciary as seen under politicization. Thus in Pakistan, there state institutions have been facing inner political interference in every era. Therefor the Constituent Assembly and Judiciary had completely failed to play its own constitutional role. The Constituent Assembly real task is legislation and Executive’s work to implement it. But the work of Judiciary is more important than these two institutions, it reviews and also interprets the laws made by the Constituent Assembly. So that, the supremacy of justice has been established in the country. But the judiciary involved along with the Executive remained the seat of politics for their own benefits. The basic purpose of this research article is to identify historic disclosures about blurry motives of politicization in Pakistan’s judiciary.

The judiciary must be strengthened and
released from political. interference.
----Aung San Suu Kyi---
Ảnh hưởng của rong câu (<i>Gracilaria tenuistipitata</i>) và rong nho (<i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i>) lên chất lượng nước, sinh trưởng, tỷ lệ sống và năng suất của tôm thẻ chân trắng (<i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>) trong mô hình nuôi kết hợp
Authors: Phùng Bảy  , Trần Thị Hiền  , Tôn Nữ Mỹ Nga  
Published: February 2024

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của hai loài rong khác nhau lên chất lượng nước, sinh trưởng, tỷ lệ sống và năng suất của tôm thẻ chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei). Tôm được nuôi trong 60 ngày với 3 nghiệm thức: nghiệm thức 1 (đối chứng) nuôi tôm đơn; nghiệm thức 2 (tôm - rong câu Gracilaria tenuistipitata); nghiệm thức 3 (tôm - rong nho Caulerpa lentillifera). Hai loài rong được nuôi trong bể nuôi tôm với mật độ 2 kg/m3; mật độ tôm là 50 con/m3. Kết quả cho thấy chất lượng nước tốt hơn ở các nghiệm thức 2 và 3 với hàm lượng TAN, NO2-, NO3- và PO43- thấp hơn so với nghiệm thức 1. Nghiệm thức 3 tôm có tỷ lệ sống, năng suất cao hơn so với nghiệm thức 1 nhưng không có sự khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê (P > 0,05). Nghiệm thức 2 cho kết quả tốt nhất (có tăng trưởng cao nhất, tỷ lệ sống cao nhất, năng suất tôm cao nhất) và khác biệt có ý nghĩa thống kê (P < 0,05) so với nghiệm thức 1. Rong câu Gracilaria tenuistipitata được khuyến cáo sử dụng trong mô hình nuôi kết hợp với tôm thẻ chân trắng.
Từ khóa: Chất lượng nước, nuôi kết hợp, rong câu Gracilaria tenuistipitata, rong nho Caulerpa lentillifera, tôm thẻ chân trắng Litopenaeus vannamei
Ảnh hưởng của phương thức cho ăn lên chất lượng nước, sinh trưởng và tỉ lệ sống của cá trê vàng (<i>Clarias macrocephalus</i>) nuôi trong hệ thống tuần hoàn
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Hồng Nho  , Trương Quốc Phú  , Phạm Thanh Liêm  
Published: February 2024

Ảnh hưởng của phương thức cho ăn lên chất lượng nước, sinh trưởng và tỷ lệ sống của cá trê vàng (Clarias macrocephalus) trong hệ thống tuần hoàn được khảo sát trong thời gian 90 ngày. Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu nhằm tối ưu hóa hiệu quả sử dụng thức ăn, quản lý chất lượng nước tốt hơn để cá đạt sinh trưởng và tỷ lệ sống tốt nhất, đồng thời làm cơ sở để thiết kế và vận hành hệ thống tuần hoàn nuôi cá trê vàng. Cá thí nghiệm có khối lượng trung bình 9,99 ± 1,36 g/con được thả nuôi với 4 nghiệm thức là cho ăn liên tục và cho ăn 2, 3, 4 lần/ngày. Cá được cho ăn theo nhu cầu bằng thức ăn công nghiệp 41% đạm. Trong thời gian thí nghiệm, pH của các nghiệm thức dao động từ 6,8 – 8,7, có xu hướng giảm dần theo sự gia tăng lượng thức ăn và thời gian nuôi. Các chỉ tiêu TAN, NO2- có sự biến động trong suốt vụ nuôi. Hàm lượng NO2- dao động từ 0,000 – 0,869 mg/L. Nhìn chung, các chỉ tiêu chất lượng nước đều trong giới hạn thích hợp cho cá nuôi. Nghiệm thức cho cá ăn 2 lần/ngày cho kết quả nuôi tốt nhất với chất lượng nước ổn định, sinh trưởng đặc biệt là 2,43 ± 0,49%/ngày, tỉ lệ sống đạt 70%, với năng suất 66,75 ± 11,89 kg/m³, hệ số tiêu tốn thức ăn là 1,20 ± 0,10 và lượng nước sử dụng là 0,22±0,04 m³/kg cá.
Từ khóa: Clarias macrocephalus, hệ thống nuôi tuần hoàn nước, số lần cho ăn
Ảnh hưởng của các yếu tố đến quá trình thủy phân protein từ phụ phẩm cá lưỡi trâu bằng enzyme alcalase
Authors: Nguyễn Chí Thanh  , Nguyễn Ngọc Hà  , Nguyễn Phúc Cẩm Tú  
Published: February 2024

Thủy phân phụ phẩm thủy sản bằng phương pháp hóa học/enzyme để tận dụng protein là một hướng nghiên cứu đang được nhiều nhà khoa học quan tâm. Trong đó nghiên cứu, xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quá trình thủy phân là việc quan trọng để thu được kết quả tối ưu nhất. Một trong những chỉ tiêu quan trọng để đánh giá hiệu quả của quá trình thủy phân là độ thủy phân (DH). Nghiên cứu này được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá ảnh hưởng của nhiệt độ, pH, tỷ lệ enzyme/cơ chất và thời gian thủy phân lên quá trình thủy phân phụ phẩm cá lưỡi trâu bằng enzyme Alcalase. Phụ phẩm được thủy phân bằng enzyme Alcalase 2L ở ba mức nhiệt độ (50oC, 55oC và 60oC), ba mức pH (7, 8 và 9), ba tỷ lệ enzyme/cơ chất (0,05%, 0,1% và 0,2%) và tiến hành xác định DH tại các thời điểm 0h, 2h, 4h và 6h. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy hàm lượng protein trong phụ phẩm chế biến cá lưỡi trâu là 18,74%. Đây là nguồn nguyên liệu có tiềm năng dùng trong sản xuất thủy phân/cô đặc. Kết quả của nghiên cứu này cho thấy điều kiện tối ưu cho quá trình thủy phân phụ phẩm cá lưỡi trâu bằng enzyme Alcalase 2L là ở nhiệt độ 60oC, pH 8 và tỷ lệ enzyme/cơ chất 0,2% và cho mức DH cao nhất là 33,42%.
Từ khóa: độ thủy phân, nhiệt độ, pH, tỷ lệ enzyme/cơ chất.
Edupreneurship : Pemanfaatan Video Pembelajaran pada Platfom Youtube
Authors: Nada Qothrotun , Nuriadin Ishaq 
Published: February 2024

Edupreneur ditekankan pada usaha kreatif atau inovatif yang dilakukan oleh sekolah untuk memperoleh prestasi dan menambah income. Melihat realita saat ini, penggunaan media sosial sudah tidak asing di kalangan masyarakat. Salah satunya adalah youtube. Tentu sebagai pendidik diharapkan dapat menyebarkan kebaikan, sehingga sudah selayaknya jika pendidik mewarnai platform youtube dengan konten-konten yang bermanfaat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi video pembelajaran di youtube sebagai edupreneur bidang pendidikan. Untuk mendapatkan penghasilan di platform youtube, content creator harus memiliki banyak subscriber dan rutin mengunggah video. Top 5 Youtube Channel Indonesia didominasi dari kategori entertain sedangkan yang berkategori pendidikan berada peringkat ke 11 di Indonesia. Peluang para content creator di bidang pendidikan masih cukup besar dan menjadi tantangan tersendiri untuk membuat video pembelajaran yang menarik dan rutin sehingga para views lebih tertarik untuk menonton video di bidang pendidikan.
Abstract
Edupreneurs are emphasized on creative or innovative efforts made by schools to gain achievements and increase income. Seeing the current reality, the use of social media is no stranger to the public. One of them is youtube. Of course, as educators, they are expected to spread kindness, so it is appropriate for educators to color the YouTube platform with useful content. The purpose of this study was to analyze the potential of learning videos on YouTube as educators in the field of education. To earn on the YouTube platform, content creators must have a lot of subscribers and regularly upload videos. The Top 5 Youtube Channels in Indonesia are dominated by the entertainment category, while those in the education category are ranked 11th in Indonesia. The opportunity for content creators in the field of education is still quite large and becomes a challenge in itself to make interesting and routine learning videos so that viewers are more interested in watching videos in the field of education.
Use of interrupted time-series analyses in evaluating health economic outcomes following implementation of multilayer water-tight wound closure in a primary total joint arthroplasty population
Authors: Tan Ziyu , Tomaszewski Joerg , Chen Brian Po-Han , Gunja Najmuddin J , Etter Katherine 
Published: February 2024

Aim:
Total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with multi-layer, watertight closure (MLWC) using knotless barbed suture and 2-octyl cyanoacrylate plus polymer mesh tape was compared with conventional closure (CC) using Vicryl™ sutures and staples.
Patients & methods:
Electronic medical records of patients undergoing TJA (1574: total knee arthroplasty; 580: total hip arthroplasty; 13: unknown) from a single surgeon at a US hospital (CC 2011 to 2013; MLWC 2015 to 2020) were reviewed. Outcomes were length of stay (LOS), discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF), 90-day surgical site infection (SSI) and 90-day readmission. Logistic regression controlled for baseline characteristics. Adjusted interrupted time series (ITS) analyses accounted for decreasing trends in LOS and SNF discharge over time.
Results:
Among 2167 TJA cases (mean [standard deviation] age 66.0 [9.7] years, 53.3% female), 906 received CC and 1261 received MLWC. Bivariate analysis showed no statistically significant differences in 90-day SSI rates; however, MLWC patients had 60% lower 90-day readmission rates (1.5 vs 3.8%, p < 0.05), 44% lower LOS (1.4 vs 2.5 days, p < 0.05) and 40% lower discharge rates to a skilled care facility (8.5 vs 14.1%, p < 0.05). Multivariable analyses showed CC patients were 2.45-times more likely to be readmitted within 90 days, 1.88-times more likely to be discharged to SNF and had 1.67-times longer LOS compared with MLWC. ITS analyses showed a sharp decline in LOS (0.9 days) and discharge to SNF (5.6% incidence) after implementation of MLWC, followed by no further changes for the remainder of the study period.
Conclusion:
MLWC was associated with ≥40% reduction in 90-day readmission, LOS and SNF discharge compared with TJA CC. LOS and discharge rate to SNF declined sharply after the implementation of MLWC.
Design of Church Financial Statements Based on Interpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (Isak) 35
Authors: Mariati Munte Mei Hotma , Sijabat Jadongan , Panggabean Solomon Slow 
Published: February 2024

The church is an entity that aims not to make a profit, so financial accountability is an important aspect of the church. Good financial accountability can only be realized if the financial reports’ church accepts financial accounting standards. The financial accounting standard governing the financial reporting financial reporting of nonprofit-reinterpretation of Financial Accounting Standards (ISAK) 35. By applying ISAK 35 in presenting church financial reports, it is hoped that parties interested in the church can assess the performance of church management and increase the congregation’s trust in the church administrator. The research location is at the HKBP Bandar Klippa Resort Epiphanias Tembung District X Medan Aceh. Data was collected through interviews and documentation. The validity of the data was tested by the triangulation method. This study aims to present church financial reports based on ISAK 35. In 2022, HKBP Bandar Klippa will have a Rp deficit (39.736.895). Also, in 2022, there were some additional fixed assets. There are two units of fans, 1 unit of keyboard, and 1 unit of audio mics, and the Sunday school building will be inaugurated in November 2023. The change in net assets was influenced by a deficit in 2022, which becomes Rp 1.021.626.010. HKBP Bandar Klippah's cash flow activities consist of operations and investments.
Licensing, ethics and patient privacy
Authors: Neylon Cameron 
Published: February 2024

Following one ofÂ “those” conversations on twitter, the ones where the 140 character limit just isn’t enough it seemed worth writing up a quick post. It’s that or follow the US election after all… Richard Sever of Cold Spring Harbour Press posed the following question on: …to which my answer was: You can follow the conversation via the links above but here I just wanted to flesh out the disagreement and why I think this matters.
Open Access Progress: Anecdotes from close to home
Authors: Neylon Cameron 
Published: February 2024

It has become rather fashionable in some circles to decry the complain about the lackÂ of progress on Open Access. Particularly to decry the apparent failure of UK policies to move things forward. I’ve been guilty of frustration at various stages in the past and one thing I’ve always found useful isÂ thinking back to where things were.
Gamificação em plataformas educacionais: potencializando o ensino de física através do Nivelamento Online
Authors: Neves Marcos Antonio Soares das , Miyahara Ricardo Yoshimitsu , Santos Danilo Sande 
Published: February 2024

O artigo tem como objetivo apresentar parte dos resultados de pesquisa e um produto educacional obtidos ao utilizar a plataforma educacional gamificada Nivelamento Online (NiO) em turmas de física do ensino médio. Esse produto educacional, que consiste em um tutorial da Sala do Mestre do NiO e uma sequência didática de física, é resultado da Dissertação de Mestrado Profissional do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ensino de Ciências Naturais e Matemática - UNICENTRO. Tal produto auxilia docentes no intuito de apresentar como utilizar o ambiente de professor do Nivelamento Online, além de apresentar um roteiro de aplicação específico para a disciplina de física no ensino médio. O produto educacional se mostrou promissor devido aos resultados alcançados pelos alunos das turmas que utilizaram o Nivelamento Online em sala. Os mecanismos de games presentes no Nivelamento Online e apresentados no produto educacional, ampliaram de forma relevante as chances de sucesso da estratégia de aprendizagem ao considerar o engajamento e motivações apresentadas pelos estudantes.
An Experimental Investigation of Syngas Composition from Small-Scale Biomass Gasification
Authors: Khezri R. , Azlina W. , Tan H.B. 
Published: February 2024

The proposed study is to evaluate the performance of a modular biomass gasification to produce syngas for the purpose of utilizing as supplementary source for power generation application. Experiments were carried out in two different-scale reactors (a 1Kwfluidized bed cylindrical gasifier, 370mm height and 54mm of diameter and a 5Kw self-sustaining fluidized bed gasifier, 700mm height and 127mm diameter) at different temperatures and equivalent ratios (ER). The selected biomass is palletized Napier grass to be used as the feedstock for both reactors. The result data shows an increasing yield in syngas (CO + H2) by increasing the temperature. Furthermore, it shows that an ER of 0.2 is best performing. Apart from retrieving high syngas yields, an ER of 0.2 also showed to have the least oil production and the most heating value and carbon conversion which is desirable for a gasification process. Once with the optimum ER and the maximum yield of syngas, gasification efficiency and therefore the potential of its energy generation is expected to meet the prospects.
Keywords : Napier grass, gasifier, equivalent ratio, gasification efficiency
Effect of an enhanced public health contact tracing intervention on the secondary transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in educational settings: The four-way decomposition analysis
Authors: Djuric Olivera , Larosa Elisabetta , Cassinadri Mariateresa , Cilloni Silvia , Bisaccia Eufemia , Pepe Davide , Bonvicini Laura , Vicentini Massimo , Venturelli Francesco , Giorgi Rossi Paolo , Pezzotti Patrizio , Mateo Urdiales Alberto , Bedeschi Emanuela ,   The Reggio Emilia Covid-19 Working Group
Published: February 2024

Background:The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that the community contact tracing strategy of testing contacts in households immediately instead of at the end of quarantine had an impact on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in schools in Reggio Emilia Province.Methods:We analysed surveillance data on notification of COVID-19 cases in schools between 1 September 2020 and 4 April 2021. We have applied a mediation analysis that allows for interaction between the intervention (before/after period) and the mediator.Results:Median tracing delay decreased from 7 to 3.1 days and the percentage of the known infection source increased from 34–54.8% (incident rate ratio-IRR 1.61 1.40–1.86). Implementation of prompt contact tracing was associated with a 10% decrease in the number of secondary cases (excess relative risk –0.1 95% CI –0.35–0.15). Knowing the source of infection of the index case led to a decrease in secondary transmission (IRR 0.75 95% CI 0.63–0.91) while the decrease in tracing delay was associated with decreased risk of secondary cases (1/IRR 0.97 95% CI 0.94–1.01 per one day of delay). The direct effect of the intervention accounted for the 29% decrease in the number of secondary cases (excess relative risk –0.29 95%–0.61 to 0.03).Conclusions:Prompt contact testing in the community reduces the time of contact tracing and increases the ability to identify the source of infection in school outbreaks. Although there are strong reasons for thinking it is a causal link, observed differences can be also due to differences in the force of infection and to other control measures put in place.Funding:This project was carried out with the technical and financial support of the Italian Ministry of Health – CCM 2020 and Ricerca Corrente Annual Program 2023.