bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
AIDING DECISION MAKERS WITH A GENERALIZED DATA BASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: AN APPLICATION TO INVENTORY MANAGEMENT *
Authors: Bonczek Robert H. , Holsapple Clyde W. , Whinston Andrew B. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the attributes of a generalized data base management system with respect to its impact on managerial decision making. The discussion focuses upon two primary considerations: 1) the organization of data within a data base such that all intricate relationships are represented; and 2) the utilization of a facile method for non‐programming users to interrogate the data base. Examples drawn from the field of material requirements planning are used to illustrate the concepts and potential of the generalized data base management system.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Student Evaluation of Instructor Data through a Factor Score Comparative Report
Authors: Brightman Harvey J. , Elliott Merwyn L. , Bhada Yezdi 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTEffective student evaluation of instructor instruments must provide norm, or comparative, data to aid interpretation. This note highlights an innovative factor score comparative report. Rather than merely reporting comparative data on individual questions items, the innovative report provides comparative percentile data on the six factors underlying our thirty‐three item questionnaire. The faculty indicated overwhelming support for the new report. The note also briefly mentions three other activities that are essential for student evaluation of instructor data to improve teacher effectiveness. Our goal is to stimulate other colleges to adopt the innovative norming practice once they have validated their local evaluation instruments. College‐wide improvement of teaching will occur through such do‐it‐yourself efforts and only decision science faculty are technically qualified to lead such efforts.
When Government Becomes the Principal Philanthropist: The Effects of Public Funding on Patterns of Nonprofit Governance
Authors: Guo Chao 
Published: June 2007

This study uses board governance as an analytical lens for exploring the effects of government funding on the representational capacities of nonprofit organizations. A typology of governance patterns is first developed that captures the board’s strength relative to the chief executive and its representation of community interests. Using this typology and employing multinomial logit analyses of survey data from a sample of urban charitable organizations, the study tests how nonprofit governance is mediated by levels of government funding. Controlling for other relevant environmental and institutional factors, reliance on government funding decreases the likelihood that nonprofit organizations will develop strong, representative boards.
In recent years, government has emerged in the United States as a major “philanthropist,” the major philanthropist in a number of the principal, traditional areas of philanthropy.

—Filer Commission (Commission on Private Philanthropy and Public Needs 1975, 89)
Randomized controlled trial of an instructional DVD for clinical skills teaching
Authors: Lee Joon C , Boyd Russell , Stuart Peter 
Published: June 2007

AbstractObjective:  To determine the efficacy of clinical skills teaching using a DVD‐based teaching medium (interventional group) compared with the traditional, four‐step, face‐to‐face approach (control group). The clinical skill selected for the study was that of paediatric intraosseous (IO) needle insertion.Methods:  Thirty‐six candidates who had no exposure to IO needle insertion experience within the past 12 months were randomly allocated into two groups. The interventional group (n = 18) was shown a 10 min instructional DVD and then allowed 10 min each to practise IO insertion with a paediatric training mannequin. The control group (n = 18) was given a 20 min, four‐step, face‐to‐face teaching session with practical exposure and individual use of an IO needle on a training mannequin facilitated by an instructor. Each candidate was assessed using a checklist of critical steps for successful IO needle insertion and given a score out of 10. A modified Likert score reflecting candidates’ subjective perceptions of the whole experience was completed after the test.Results:  The interventional group obtained a mean score of 7.56 (SD 1.65) and the control teaching group a mean score of 6.00 (SD 1.84). The mean difference was −1.56 (P < 0.01, 95% CI −2.74 to −0.37). There was no difference in the candidates’ perception on the satisfaction, anxiety and confidence level about the teaching experience.Conclusion:  The study suggests that the use of instructional DVD for clinical skills teaching results in improved learning outcomes compared with the traditional face‐to‐face didactic teaching method.
Rural Hospital Patient Safety Systems Implementation in Two States
Authors: Longo Daniel R. , Hewett John E. , Ge Bin , Schubert Shari 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT:
Context and Purpose:

With heightened attention to medical errors and patient safety, we surveyed Utah and Missouri hospitals to assess the “state of the art” in patient safety systems and identify changes over time. This study examines differences between urban and rural hospitals.

Methods:

Survey of all acute care hospitals in Utah and Missouri at 2 points in time (2002 and 2004). Factor analysis was used to develop 7 latent variables to summarize the data, comparing rural and urban hospitals at each point in time and on change between the 2 survey times.

Findings:

On 3 of the 7 latent variables, there was a statistically significant difference between rural and urban hospitals at the first survey, with rural hospitals indicating lower levels of implementation. The differences remained present on 2 of those latent variables at the second survey. In both cases, 1 of those variables was computerized physician order entry (CPOE) systems. Rural hospitals reported more improvement in systems implementation between the 2 survey times, with the difference statistically significant on 1 of the 7 latent variables; the greatest improvement was in implementation of “root cause analysis.”

Conclusions:

Adoption of patient safety systems overall is low. Although rates of adoption among rural versus urban hospitals appear lower, most differences are not statistically significant; the gap between rural and urban hospitals relative to quality measures is narrowing. Change in rural and urban hospitals is in the right direction, with the rate of change higher in rural hospitals for many systems.
Risk Factors for Rural Residential Fires
Authors: Allareddy Veerasathpurush , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Yang Jingzhen , Zwerling Craig 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT:
Context and Purpose

: Rural households report high fire‐related mortality and injury rates, but few studies have examined the risk factors for fires. This study aims to identify occupant and household characteristics that are associated with residential fires in a rural cohort.

Methods

: Of 1,005 households contacted in a single rural county, 691 (68.8%) agreed to participate. One household with missing information on a reported fire was excluded from the analysis. We used logistic regression to examine the independent association of occupant and household characteristics with reported fires, controlling for years lived in the residence. We also examined the association between the occurrence of previous fires and the adoption of safety measures.

Findings

: A total of 78 (11.3%) households reported a residential fire. Occupant characteristics that were associated with significantly higher odds of reported fires included the presence of an occupant with alcohol problems (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.01‐3.28) and being married (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.14‐3.91). Rural farm households were associated with significantly higher odds (OR = 1.72, 95% CI = 1.01‐2.93) of reporting a fire when compared to residences in towns, after controlling for all other occupant and household characteristics. The presence of a fire extinguisher (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.10‐3.64) was the only fire safety measure that had a statistically significant association with reported fire.

Conclusion

s: Rural farm households report higher incidences of fire when compared to households located in towns. Experiencing a fire is not associated with an increased likelihood of adopting safety measures to prevent injuries once a fire has started.
Health Communications in Rural America: Lessons Learned from an Arthritis Campaign in Rural Arkansas
Authors: Balamurugan Appathurai , Rivera Mark , Sutphin Kim , Campbell Debbie 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT:
Context:

Lack of awareness about diseases and associated risk factors could partially account for some rural health disparities. Health communications campaigns can be an effective means of increasing awareness in these areas.

Purpose:

To review findings and lessons learned from a rural health communications campaign.

Methods:

The health communications campaign titled “Physical Activity. The Arthritis Pain Reliever,” developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was implemented in a rural Arkansas county to promote awareness about arthritis and the beneficial effects of physical activity among residents 45‐64 years of age with arthritis. The campaign was implemented through radio spots, print ads in local newspapers, and distribution of brochures and posters. A survey of 193 residents with arthritis assessed the reach of the campaign.

Findings:

Whereas 86% of respondents reported having seen or heard the messages related to arthritis during the 13‐week period of the campaign, only 11% recalled messages from the “Physical Activity. The Arthritis Pain Reliever” campaign. Challenges faced during campaign implementation included limited fiscal resources, distrust, and staff and time constraints.

Conclusion:

Challenges to health communications campaigns in rural areas can decrease campaign reach and effectiveness. If resource constraints exist, leveraging partnerships and building trust among residents of the community are important for achieving campaign success.
Clinical efficacy and safety of cefovecin in the treatment of canine pyoderma and wound infections
Authors: Stegemann M. R. , Coati N. , Passmore C. A. , Sherington J. 
Published: June 2007

Objectives:To determine the efficacy and safety of cefovecin in the treatment of bacterial skin infections in dogs.Method:Dogs with superficial or deep pyoderma or wounds/abscesses were enrolled in three separate studies. Dogs (354) were randomised to treatment and received either cefovecin administered by subcutaneous injection at 14 day intervals, as clinically necessary, or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid as oral tablets twice daily for 14 days. Courses of treatment were repeated at 14 day intervals up to a total of four courses. Clinicians responsible for assessing lesions were masked to treatment allocation. Only animals where the presence of a pretreatment bacterial pathogen was confirmed were included in the analysis of efficacy. Cases were evaluated for clinical efficacy at 28 days after initiation of the final course of treatment. Clinical efficacy was assessed by scoring the clinical signs typical of skin infections.Results:Cefovecin demonstrated statistical non‐inferiority compared with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid for all three clinical diagnoses; for cefovecin, up to 96·9 per cent efficacy was observed versus 92·5 per cent for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid.ClinicalSignificance:Cefovecin was shown to be as effective as amoxicillin/clavulanic acid administered orally in the treatment of bacterial skin infections in dogs. Cefovecin offers the additional benefit of eliminating owner non‐compliance.
PUPPING HABITAT USE IN THE MEDITERRANEAN MONK SEAL: A LONG‐TERM STUDY
Authors: Dendrinos Panagiotis , Karamanlidis Alexandros A. , Kotomatas Spyros , Legakis Anastasios , Tounta Eleni , Matthiopoulos Jason 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Mediterranean monk seal gives birth almost exclusively in coastal caves. Given its critical conservation status, the identification and protection of such sites is important for the survival of the species. From 1990 to 2004 we collected data on physical and environmental variables and monitored pupping events in thirty‐four coastal caves in Greece. We modeled the probability of cave occupancy as a function of the properties of each cave. Model selection and model averaging enabled us to rank the variables that influenced use of potential pupping sites. Environmental variables related to cave seclusion, substrate, and degree of protection from wind and wave action were the most important among them. The relative importance and directions of these relationships confirm the long‐standing assumption that Mediterranean monk seals require sheltered pupping sites, far from sources of human disturbance and thus are progressively limited to isolated parts of the country's coastline. We used cross‐validation to examine the predictive ability of our analysis and quantified the sensitivity of our predictions to the degree of extrapolation. We conclude that, although more data are required, the model is capable of predicting occupancy for caves close to the middle of the environmental space examined in this study.
Unshared Loss and Marital Conflict*
Authors: Derdeyn Andre P. , Waters David B. 
Published: June 2007

The authors have noted in marital therapy a pattern wherein a variety of losses are not mourned and are not shared between partners; instead one spouse uses the other for externalization of internal conflict regarding the losses. Loss is neither acknowledged nor mourned, but tends to be experienced as disenchantment with and anger at the spouse.Therapy should entail the sorting out of projections so that the person can resume the ownership of his or her problems. The conjoint format is helpful for dealing adequately with projective distortions; more importantly, it can facilitate mourning and the sharing of losses.
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF IN‐FIELD, EDGE‐OF‐FIELD, AND AFTER‐FIELD BUFFERS1
Authors: Dabney Seth M. , Moore Matthew T. , Locke Martin A. 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT:This review summarizes how conservation benefits are maximized when in‐field and edge‐of‐field buffers are integrated with each other and with other conservation practices such as residue management and grade control structures. Buffers improve both surface and subsurface water quality. Soils under permanent buffer vegetation generally have higher organic carbon concentrations, higher infiltration capacities, and more active microbial populations than similar soils under annual cropping. Sediment can be trapped with rather narrow buffers, but extensive buffers are better at transforming dissolved pollutants. Buffers improve surface runoff water quality most efficiently when flows through them are slow, shallow, and diffuse. Vegetative barriers ‐ narrow strips of dense, erect grass ‐ can slow and spread concentrated runoff. Subsurface processing is best on shallow soils that provide increased hydrologic contact between the ground water plume and buffer vegetation. Vegetated ditches and constructed wetlands can act as “after‐field” conservation buffers, processing pollutants that escape from fields. For these buffers to function efficiently, it is critical that in‐field and edge‐of‐field practices limit peak runoff rate and sediment yield in order to maximize contact time with buffer vegetation and minimize the need for cleanout excavation that destroys vegetation and its processing capacity.
ESTIMATING AREAS AND TIMBER VALUES OF RIPARIAN MANAGEMENT ON FOREST LANDS1
Authors: Ice George G. , Skaugset Arne , Simmons Amy 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT:Buffers, filter strips, and other riparian protection zones are widely accepted practices used to minimize water quality impacts from forest management and other land use activities. Riparian management prescriptions are often developed with limited or inconsistent consideration of the impact they will have on land management opportunities or economics. A combination of factors influences the area and value of riparian management zones (RMZs). A simple tool can determine the percentage of a watershed in RMZs where they comprise only a small fraction of the watershed. For a more detailed analysis, the Oak Creek Watershed in Oregon served as an example of a geographic information system (GIS) assessment. The same watershed can have dramatically different areas and values of timber in RMZs depending on the resolution used to determine the stream network, different stream types (perennial fish‐bearing, perennial nonfish bearing, and nonperennial; small, medium, and large), and different RMZ widths and management restrictions for each stream type. The areas of watershed put into riparian protection for two drainage densities and three RMZ prescriptions were determined. Finally, the volumes of merchantable timber in the RMZs and their subsequent values were determined.
A PRACTICAL GUIDE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WETLAND ASSESSMENT METHOD: THE CALIFORNIA EXPERIENCE1
Authors: Sutula Martha A. , Stein Eric D. , Collins Joshua N. , Fetscher A. Elizabeth. , Clark Ross 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT:Wetland rapid assessment methods (RAMs) can provide a cost effective, scientifically defensible estimate of wetland and riparian condition for use in ambient and project monitoring in resource management and regulatory programs. Those who have chosen to develop a RAM to assess wetland and riparian condition are faced with a range of issues and important choices that they must make throughout the development process. This paper is intended as a practical guide to RAM development. Six basic stages in the RAM development process are discussed: (1) organize RAM development by identifying the intended applications, assessment endpoints, and geographic scope of the RAM and forming appropriate teams to advise and review the development process and its products; (2) build a scientific foundation for method development by conducting a literature review, choosing a wetland classification system, building conceptual models, and identifying the major assumptions underlying the model; (3) assemble the method as a system of attributes and metrics that describe a full range of conditions; (4) verify the ability of the method to distinguish between wetlands along a continuum of conditions; (5) calibrate and validate the method against sets of quantitative data representing more intensive measures of wetland condition; and (6) implement the method through outreach and training of the intended users. Important considerations within each of these stages lead to choices in accuracy, precision, robustness, ease of use, and cost. These are identified and the tradeoffs of the various options discussed. Experience with the ongoing development and implementation of the California Rapid Assessment Method (CRAM) is used to illustrate these stages and associated choices in RAM development.
Copper Induction of Lactate Oxidase ofLactococcus lactis: a Novel Metal Stress Response
Authors: Barré Olivier , Mourlane Frédéric , Solioz Marc 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACTLactococcus lactisIL1403, a lactic acid bacterium widely used for food fermentation, is often exposed to stress conditions. One such condition is exposure to copper, such as in cheese making in copper vats. Copper is an essential micronutrient in prokaryotes and eukaryotes but can be toxic if in excess. Thus, copper homeostatic mechanisms, consisting chiefly of copper transporters and their regulators, have evolved in all organisms to control cytoplasmic copper levels. Using proteomics to identify novel proteins involved in the response ofL. lactisIL1403 to copper, cells were exposed to 200 μM copper sulfate for 45 min, followed by resolution of the cytoplasmic fraction by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. One protein strongly induced by copper was LctO, which was shown to be a NAD-independent lactate oxidase. It catalyzed the conversion of lactate to pyruvate in vivo and in vitro. Copper, cadmium, and silver induced LctO, as shown by real-time quantitative PCR. A copper-regulatory element was identified in the 5′ region of thelctOgene and shown to interact with the CopR regulator, encoded by the unlinkedcopRZAoperon. Induction of LctO by copper represents a novel copper stress response, and we suggest that it serves in the scavenging of molecular oxygen.
Staphylococcus aureus
ArcR Controls Expression of the Arginine Deiminase Operon
Authors: Makhlin Julia , Kofman Tzili , Borovok Ilya , Kohler Christian , Engelmann Susanne , Cohen Gerald , Aharonowitz Yair 
Published: June 2007

ABSTRACT

We identified a single open reading frame that is strongly similar to ArcR, a member of the Crp/Fnr family of bacterial transcriptional regulators, in all sequenced
Staphylococcus aureus
genomes. The
arcR
gene encoding ArcR forms an operon with the arginine deiminase (ADI) pathway genes
arcABDC
that enable the utilization of arginine as a source of energy for growth under anaerobic conditions. In this report, we show that under anaerobic conditions,
S. aureus
growth is subject to glucose catabolic repression and is enhanced by arginine. Likewise, glucose and arginine have reciprocal effects on the transcription of the
arcABDCR
genes. Furthermore, we show using a mutant deleted for
arcR
that the transcription of the
arc
operon under anaerobic conditions depends strictly on a functional ArcR. These findings are supported by proteome analyses, which showed that under anaerobic conditions the expression of the ADI catabolic proteins depends on ArcR. Bioinformatic analysis of
S. aureus
ArcR predicts an N-terminal nucleotide binding domain and a C-terminal helix-turn-helix DNA binding motif. ArcR binds to a conserved Crp-like sequence motif, TGTGA-N
6
-TCACA, present in the
arc
promoter region and thereby activates the expression of the ADI pathway genes. Crp-like sequence motifs were also found in the regulatory regions of some 30 other
S. aureus
genes mostly encoding anaerobic enzymatic systems, virulence factors, and regulatory systems. ArcR was tested and found to bind to the regulatory regions of four such genes,
adh1
,
lctE
,
srrAB
, and
lukM
. In one case, for
lctE
, encoding
l
-lactate dehydrogenase, ArcR was able to bind only in the presence of cyclic AMP. These observations suggest that ArcR is likely to play an important role in the expression of numerous genes required for anaerobic growth.
A RAPID AND PRECISE METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF UREA
Authors: Fawcett J. K. , Scott J. E. 
Published: June 2007

A method is described for the determination of urea in plasma and urine. The effects of variations in the experimental conditions are examined and the results of recovery experiments and other tests of precision and accuracy are reported.In comparison with other methods in current use, this method has distinct advantages in sensitivity, simplicity, and precision, thus economizing in time, sample volume, reagents, and equipment.