bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modulation of lung cancer growth arrest and apoptosis by Phellinus Linteus
Authors: Guo Jinjin , Zhu Tongbo , Collins LeaAnn , Xiao Zhi‐Xiong J. , Kim Sung‐Hoon , Chen Chang‐Yan 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe Phellinus Linteus (PL) mushroom has been shown to possess anti‐tumor properties. Through influencing lymphocytes, PL indirectly augments the host's immune system against cancer cells. PL has also been demonstrated to reduce tumor proliferation. However, the mechanisms of PL against malignant growth have not yet been fully explored. In this study, we report that PL mediates the following two activities in mouse and human lung cancer cells: cell‐cycle arrest at a low concentration of PL and apoptosis in response to a high dose of PL. After exposure to a low dose of PL, G1 growth arrest occurred in the lung cancer cells. The negative growth control mediated by PL is evidenced by the decrease of the activities of cyclin‐dependent kinases CDK2, 4, and 6. In contrast, at high doses, PL‐induced lung cancer cells to undergo apoptosis in a dose‐dependent fashion. This was evidenced by DNA fragmentation, caspase activation, and loss of clonogenecity in the lung cancer cells, all of which were lacking in the lung cancer cells treated with low concentrations of PL as well as the normal mouse lung epithelial cells exposed to either low or high concentrations of PL. The addition of the caspase inhibitor Z‐VADfmk completely suppressed PL‐induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the low dose of PL was able to synergize with doxorubicin to induce apoptosis in the lung cancer cells. Thus, our findings suggest that PL regulates two responses in the lung cancer cells: cell‐cycle arrest and apoptosis. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dynamin 2 associates with complexins and is found in the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm
Authors: Zhao Longmei , Shi Xudong , Li Lingjun , Miller David J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPrevious data showed that complexin I, a SNARE regulatory protein, is localized in and/or around the acrosome and is necessary for the acrosome reaction in sperm. To understand how complexin I regulates the acrosome reaction, we used complexin‐GST pulldown assays to identify interacting proteins. We showed that both complexins I and II bound mouse sperm dynamin 2. Dynamin 2 is a 100 kDa GTPase essential to many aspects of endocytosis but its potential role in exocytosis is unknown. Dynamin 2 is expressed in rat testis and widely expressed in other tissues; however, the function of dynamin 2 in germ cells is uncertain. Dynamin 2 protein was detected in mouse testis and was most abundant in or around the developing acrosome of spermatids. In addition, dynamin 2 was co‐localized with complexin I in the acrosomal region of mammalian sperm. Its co‐localization and interaction with complexin I suggest that dynamin 2 may play a role during acrosome formation and/or acrosomal exocytosis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 750–757, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using the histone H2a transcript as an endogenous standard to study relative transcript abundance during bovine early development
Authors: Vigneault Christian , Gilbert Isabelle , Sirard Marc‐André , Robert Claude 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe requirement for sample standardization is basic to any relative RNA abundance assessment. In 2002, we published on the RNA abundance profiling of several housekeeping targets during early bovine embryonic development. It was then concluded that histone H2a was the most stable transcript across the studied developmental period. Since that time, several teams have applied this information, yet neglected to use the published set of primers. Here, we show that these other primer sets do not target the same histone H2a variant. Within the present report, the RNA abundance profiles of their respective targets, for example, histone H2a.1, H2a.z, and H2a.o were measured in developmental series spanning the immature oocyte to the blastocyst stage embryo. In order to more clearly define the conditions that impact the RNA abundance level measurement of these candidates, the state of polyadenylation and the origin of the transcript either from de novo transcription or from maternal stocks were taken into consideration. The histone H2a.z transcript is principally regulated by de novo transcription following embryonic genome activation, whereas the levels of H2a.1 and H2a.o variants are largely of maternal origin, conferring a more stable profile throughout the studied developmental window. The histone H2a.z was found solely in a polyadenylated state whereas the H2a.1 and H2a.o were found to be more abundant in a nonadenylated form. The presence of serum in the in vitro embryo production system also had some impact on the histone H2a.1 RNA level at the blastocyst stage. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 703–715, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of global gene expression between porcine testis tissue xenografts and porcine testis in situ
Authors: Zeng Wenxian , Rathi Rahul , Pan Hua , Dobrinski Ina 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTestis tissue from immature mammalian donor animals, grafted ectopically to immunodeficient mouse hosts, can undergo complete spermatogenesis with the production of fertilization‐competent spermatozoa. To further characterize testis tissue xenografts as a model for testis function in situ, the objective of this study was to compare gene expression between porcine testis tissue xenografts and testis tissue in situ. Pieces of testis tissue from 1‐week‐old piglets were grafted onto immunodeficient male mice and a littermate piglet was raised for comparison as control. Complete spermatogenesis was present in the testis tissue xenografts at 8 months after transplantation into mouse hosts and in the 8‐month‐old control porcine testis tissue. Total RNA was isolated from xenografts and control tissue, and the RNA was labeled and hybridized to the porcine genome array. By analyzing the expression of 23,256 transcripts, we found that 71 genes were differentially expressed with at least a fourfold difference between xenografts and control tissue. Interestingly, none of the 56 transcripts present on the array that were annotated in porcine testis showed differential expression between xenografts and control testis. This analysis indicates that global gene expression in porcine testis xenografts appears comparable to testis tissue in situ. These findings support the hypothesis that testis tissue xenografts can provide a representative model to study mammalian spermatogenesis. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 74: 674–679, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improving the performance of the boundary element method with time‐dependent fundamental solutions by the use of a wavelet expansion in the time domain
Authors: Barmada Sami 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe object of this paper is a wavelet‐based formulation of the boundary element method (BEM) for diffusion problems, characterized by time‐dependent fundamental solution. While the BEM is a well known and often used technique, its time‐dependent formulation for diffusion problems is very rarely used in practical applications, due to the high computational cost which characterizes it. Here, a new formulation is proposed, which, through the use of the wavelet expansion of the time behaviour of the boundary elements, is characterized by a lower CPU time consumption when compared with the standard BEM diffusion formulation. The problem to be solved is transformed into an algebraic system (of higher dimension) and its solution gives the time domain behaviour of the desired quantities; in this way, the time stepping procedure is avoided. Together with the formulation, the analysis of the computational cost, and two examples are given in the paper. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indigenous innovators: the role of web marketing for cultural micro‐enterprises
Authors: Cardamone Megan , Rentschler Ruth 
Published: November 2006

Abstract

The Indigenous cultural sector is a dynamic and highly valuable to the Australian economy, returning an estimated $100 million annually. The majority of Indigenous cultural producers are micro‐enterprises—businesses consisting of fewer than five employees. Many of these struggle to market their products, some from extremely remote and isolated locations; others with few resources in urban areas.

This paper initially approaches a conceptual orientation to Web marketing as a potential signifier of innovation and entrepreneurship. The paper draws on previous literature and a current exploratory study of Indigenous Cultural Micro‐Enterprises (ICMEs), focussing on two case studies for deeper analysis. The two exemplary cases outlined are Maningrida Arts Centre, and the performing arts organisation Kooemba Jdarra. Specifically, their innovative use of recent technology (multimedia websites) will be assessed to answer the question: What are the attributes of effective ICME Web marketing?

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fluoropolymers in automotive applications
Authors: Drobny Jiri George 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFluoropolymers, in the form of thermoplastics and elastomers, find a wide use in automotive applications, because of the combination of their high resistance to fuels, lubricants and to elevated temperatures. Examples are fuel and vapor management hoses, fuel tank filler necks, wire insulations, O‐rings, diaphragms, seals, etc. This contribution covers the basic chemistry of fluoropolymers used in the automotive industry, their properties and specifics about the main automotive applications. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of mesostructure base on composition of silica materials and their applications to pH sensing
Authors: Kang Eun‐Hee , Shim Jong‐Min , Kang Hyo‐Jin , Park Sang‐Wook , Lee Jae‐Wook , Lee Jin Kook 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis study induced a chemical combination of fluoresceinamine (FA) and (3‐chloropropyl)triethoxysilane (CP‐TEOS) in the presence of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) which is able to maintain the shape of the mesostructure without prior removal of the surfactant. The sol‐gel derived silica films were controlled by the reaction time and molar ratios of TEOS and CP‐TEOS, and characterized in terms of response to pH, pKa values, effects of oxidation number, leaching, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The conclusions include the effect on molar ratios and the choice of reaction time. The results of this study are summarized as follows: (1) increasing the molar ratio of TEOS, the mesostructure of these films exhibited not only perfect single‐crystal morphology but also a hexagonal morphology; (2) the most suitable molar ration in this synthesis is the ratio of 1:1 (the molar ratio of TEOS and CP‐TEOS); (3) the reaction time for this system should be controlled at least to over 6 hr in order to maintain high intensity absorbance against a minimum of indicator quantity. Leaching‐out is more pronounced for films used directly after preparation and varies for different molar ratios. The long‐term implication of leaching‐out on sol‐gel based pH sensors is discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The C allele of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism of the G protein β3‐subunit is associated with an increased risk for the development of oncocytic thyroid tumours
Authors: Sheu S‐Y , Handke S , Bröcker‐Preuss M , Görges R , Frey UH , Ensinger C , Öfner D , Farid NR , Siffert W , Schmid KW 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCarriers of the C allele of the common C825T polymorphism in the GNB3 gene of the G protein have been associated with the development of follicular thyroid adenomas. Since the C allele of this polymorphism is related to a lower signalling capacity, it was speculated whether the C825T polymorphism may play a particular role in oncocytic thyroid tumours, which are recognized for their reduced ability to synthesize thyroid‐specific proteins and hormones, although they possess an intact thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor–adenylyl cyclase system. Using pyrosequencing, both the genotype distribution and the allele frequency of the C825T polymorphism were investigated in a series of 104 patients with oncocytic thyroid tumours of follicular cell origin [58 adenomas, 41 follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTCs), and five papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs)]; the results were compared with those obtained from 321 age and gender‐matched healthy blood donors and a series of 327 non‐oncocytic thyroid tumours of follicular cell origin (119 adenomas, 80 FTCs, and 186 PTCs). Analysis of the genotype distribution (comparing oncocytic with non‐oncocytic tumours of the present series) revealed a significantly increased odds ratio (OR) for CC versus TT (OR = 4.22; p = 0.011) and CC versus CT (OR = 1.62; p = 0.049) carriers to develop an oncocytic thyroid tumour; ORs to develop an oncocytic thyroid tumour were also increased comparing the genotype distribution between the group of oncocytic tumours and healthy controls for CC versus TT (OR = 3.73; p = 0.017) and CC versus all T carriers (OR = 1.56; p = 0.034). Oncocytic thyroid tumours as a group showed a statistically significant increase of the C‐allele frequency when compared with all non‐oncocytic tumours (p = 0.0039) as well as healthy blood donors (p = 0.017). The results strongly suggest that the C allele of the GNB3 C825T polymorphism of the G protein β3‐subunit is associated with an increased risk for the development of oncocytic thyroid tumours. This polymorphism may thus be considered a (co)factor favouring the development of oncocytic thyroid tumours, although the biological mechanism(s) underlying this association remain obscure. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Triaminotriazines—photophysical investigations of a porphyrin‐appended triazine receptor with a naphthalene diimide guest
Authors: Ghiggino Kenneth P. , Hutchison James A. , Langford Steven J. , Latter Melissa J. , Takezaki Makoto 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA modular synthetic approach to preparing a family of triaminotriazine receptors bearing porphyrin chromophores is described. The porphyrin‐appended triaminotriazines are prepared in a stepwise manner employing either cyanuric chloride or fluoride and 5‐(4′‐aminophenyl)‐10,15,20‐triphenylporphyrin in the first step. Reaction of the porphyrintriazine with excess 1‐pentylamine leads to a triazine core programmed for three‐point hydrogen bonding. Addition of a complementary naphthalene diimide yields a supramolecular donor–acceptor dyad. Photophysical studies in CH2Cl2 solvent show efficient quenching of porphyrin fluorescence within the dyad, consistent with an electron transfer process. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The hydrophobic effect in reaction mechanism studies and in catalysis by artificial enzymes
Authors: Breslow Ronald 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWater is an environmentally benign solvent, easily cleaned and with a harmless vapor, so there is great interest in using water in chemical manufacturing. However, water also has important special properties as a solvent, with the hydrophobic effect promoting rapid and selective reactions in addition reactions, atom transfer reactions, and substitutions. The presence of the hydrophobic effect can be determined with the addition of prohydrophobic and antihydrophobic materials to the water solution. Using such materials, it is possible to determine the detailed geometry of transition states for a number of classical reactions, including alkylation of phenoxide ions on oxygen and carbon. The factors involved, particularly the effect of antihydrophobic agents such as ethanol in lowering the free energy of non‐polar reactants, have not been taken into account in previous well‐known mechanistic studies. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relation between the substituent effect and aromaticity. Part II. The case of meta‐ and para‐homodisubstituted benzene derivatives
Authors: Krygowski Tadeusz M. , Dobrowolski Michal A. , Zborowski Krzysztof , Cyrański Michal K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThirty‐two mono‐ and homodisubstituted benzene derivatives (meta and para isomers) were optimized at B3LYP/6‐311+G** level of theory. The descriptors of cyclic π‐electron delocalization: aromatic stabilization energies (ASE), substituent effects stabilization energies (SESE), NICS and HOMA values were estimated for those systems. Generally, for monosubstituted systems the electron accepting substituents either stabilize the systems or weakly destabilize them. In contrast, the electron donating substituents destabilize the systems in all cases. The π‐electron stabilization/destabilization effects for para‐di‐homosubstituted benzene derivatives are much stronger than those for the meta analogs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kinetic solvent effects on the thermal decomposition reaction of acetone triperoxide
Authors: Eyler Gladys Nora 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe kinetic data of the thermal decomposition reaction of acetone cyclic triperoxide (3,3,6,6,9,9‐hexamethyl‐1,2,4,5,7,8‐hexaoxacyclononane, ACTP) are reported for a wide range of organic solvents (acetone, toluene, 2‐propanol, 2‐methoxyethanol, n‐butylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, and chlorobenzene) at 0.02 M initial concentration and in the temperature range of 135.0–172.0 °C. The thermolysis reaction follows pseudo first‐order kinetic laws up to at least ca. 70% ACTP conversion. The results indicate the importance of solvent polarity and specific solvent‐peroxide interactions in governing the rates of the reactions. The activation enthalpy and entropy of the thermal decomposition reaction of this triperoxide in several organic solvents were correlated through “isokinetic relationships” to verify the existence of a genuine solvent effect on this reaction. Other cyclic organic di‐ and triperoxides and some cyclic trioxanes showed a similar behavior, in contrast to the pinacolone cyclic diperoxide (PDP), probably due to a relatively great steric hindrance of this molecule. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electronic structure of the 6+6 dimer of tropone
Authors: Reingold I. D. , Kowalski J. A. , Cummings G. C. , Gleiter R. , Lange H. , Lovell S. , Kahr B. , Aflatooni K. , Burrow P. D. , Gallup G. A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhotoelectron and electron transmission (ET) spectroscopy were used to determine the ionization potentials and vertical electron attachment energies, respectively, of the 6 + 6 dimer of tropone. These measurements are combined with electronic structure calculations to provide insight into the extent of the coupling between the two cycloheptadienone ring systems. The ground state anion is predicted to be slightly stable as a consequence of the interaction between the π* orbitals of the CO and butadiene groups. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Study of the bromide ion reaction with methyl naphthalene‐2‐sulfonate in water–DMSO TTAB micellar solutions
Authors: Moyá María Luisa , Rodríguez Amalia , Muñoz María , Graciani María del Mar , Fernández Gaspar 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe reaction of bromide ions with methyl naphthalene‐2‐sulfonate (MeNS) has been investigated in water–dimethyl sulfoxide, DMSO, tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide, TTAB, micellar solutions, with the weight percentage of DMSO up to 50%. In order to quantitatively rationalize the micellar kinetic effects observed, conductivity, surface tension, and steady‐state fluorescence measurements were used to get information about the micellar reaction media. Results showed that changes caused by the addition of different amounts of DMSO to TTAB aqueous micellar solutions are made evident from the kinetic micellar effects, these being a helpful tool to obtain information on the micellar reaction media in the presence of the added organic solvent. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of prayer and religious expression within computer support groups on women with breast cancer
Authors: Shaw Bret , Han Jeong Yeob , Kim Eunkyung , Gustafson David , Hawkins Robert , Cleary James , McTavish Fiona , Pingree Suzanne , Eliason Patricia , Lumpkins Crystal 
Published: November 2006

AbstractResearch indicates that two common ways breast cancer patients or women with breast cancer cope with their diagnosis and subsequent treatments are participating in computer support groups and turning to religion. This study is the first we are aware of to examine how prayer and religious expression within computer support groups can contribute to improved psychosocial outcomes for this population. Surveys were administered before group access and then 4 months later. Message transcripts were analyzed using a word counting program that noted the percentage of words related to religious expression. Finally, messages were qualitatively reviewed to better understand results generated from the word counting program. As hypothesized, writing a higher percentage of religion words was associated with lower levels of negative emotions and higher levels of health self‐efficacy and functional well‐being, after controlling for patients' levels of religious beliefs. Given the proposed mechanisms for how these benefits occurred and a review of the support group transcripts, it appeared that several different religious coping methods were used such as putting trust in God about the course of their illness, believing in an afterlife and therefore being less afraid of death, finding blessings in their lives and appraising their cancer experience in a more constructive religious light. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spatial distribution of ground surface temperatures and active layer depths in the Hövsgöl area, northern Mongolia
Authors: Heggem E. S. F. , Etzelmüller B. , Anarmaa S. , Sharkhuu N. , Goulden C. E. , Nandinsetseg B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNear‐surface temperature variations in different topographic settings were obtained from miniature temperature data‐loggers at 17 locations over a 2‐year period in the Lake Hövsgöl area in northern Mongolia. These measurements were used to analyse the influence of vegetation, solar radiation, surface wetness and snow cover on the ground thermal regime. An empirical modelling approach was applied in order to estimate the spatial distribution of ground surface temperatures, the presence of permafrost and the depth of the active layer. Our study shows that spatial interpolation of ground surface temperature parameters, mainly known from previous research in the Arctic, can be feasible in the arid mountain environments of Central Asia. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Esterase‐mediated bifenthrin resistance in a multiresistant strain of the two‐spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae
Authors: Van Leeuwen Thomas , Tirry Luc 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA field‐collected multiresistant strain of Tetranychus urticae Koch exhibiting high resistance to bifenthrin was investigated in comparison with a susceptible laboratory strain. The esterase inhibitor S,S,S‐tributyl‐phosphorotrithioate (DEF) was able strongly to synergise bifenthrin toxicity in the resistant strain. Optimal conditions for determining esterase activities in T. urticae were determined, and a higher esterase activity towards several artificial substrates was found in this resistant strain, which had a preference for hydrolysing 4‐nitrophenyl butyrate. Bifenthrin was able to bind the active centres of T. urticae esterases in vitro, as was determined after competition experiments by a Dixon plot, revealing a higher affinity of bifenthrin in the resistant strain. Bifenthrin‐hydrolysing activity in the resistant and susceptible strains was examined in vitro and quantified with gas chromatography. A 7.2‐fold higher metabolising rate was found in the resistant strain. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry