bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Color Reactions of Lower Oxoacids of Phosphorus with Molybdate and their Application to Colorimetric Determinations of \overset4P–\overset3P–\overset4P– and (–\overset3P–)6–Acid
Authors: Ohashi Shigeru , Yoza Norimasa 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The color reactions of twelve lower oxoacids of phosphorus, as well as of \overset5P– and \overset5P–O–\overset5P–acid with molybdate, have been described. Of these compounds, \overset2P–\overset4P, \overset4P–\overset3P–\overset4P– and (–\overset3P–)6–acid react with molybdate in the acid solution to produce a bluish-green color without any reducing agent.
The bluish-green color caused by \overset2P–\overset4P–acid is not reproducible. Since the colors caused by \overset4P–\overset3P–\overset4P– and (–\overset3P–)6–acid are stable and since their intensities are proportional to their concentrations, one can detect and determine minute amounts of \overset4P–\overset3P–\overset4P– or (–\overset3P–)6–acid colorimetrically in the presence of the other oxoacids of phosphorus. When both \overset4P–\overset3P–\overset4P– and (–\overset3P–)6–acid are present in a given sample, one can determine each component by combining the method described above with the usual heteropoly blue method for the total phosphorus.
Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid in Solution. V. Decomposition of Peroxybenzoic Acid and of Benzoyl Peroxide in Binary Mixtures of Carbon Tetrachloride with Cyclohexane, Toluene, or Diethyl Ether
Authors: Tokumaru Katsumi , Simamura Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Decompositions of peroxybenzoic acid and of benzoyl peroxide were carried out in binary mixtures of carbon tetrachloride with cyclo-hexane, toluene or diethyl ether. The results of the product study strongly support the radical mechanism established previously and show that the oxygen to oxygen bond of peroxybenzoic acid is attacked by radicals more readily than that of benzoyl peroxide, but even peroxybenzoic acid is hardly attacked by the trichloromethyl radical.
Polarographic Determination of the Formation Constants of Sulfato, Acetato and Sulfatoacetato Complexes of Nickel(II) at Ionic Strength 1.0
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Saito Yu , Ogino Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The formation of nickel(II) complexes with sulfate and/or acetate has been studied at 25°C and ionic strength 1.0 by the polarographic method reported previously1). The results obtained reveal that complex species, NiOAc+, NiSO4, Ni(SO4)22−, Ni(OAc)(SO4)− and Ni(OAc)(SO4)23−, are present in the solution. The formation constants determined are:KNioAc=1.9, KNiSO4=3.7, KNi(SO4)2=2.6×10, KNi(OAc)(SO4)=1 and KNi(OAc)(SO4)2=∼3 at ionic strength 1.0.
The Surface Activities of Bivalent Metal Alkyl Sulfates. II. The Solubilization of Some Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Solutions of Bivalent Metal Alkyl Sulfates
Authors: Satake Iwao , Matuura Ryohei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The solubilizing power of the bivalent copper, cobalt, nickel and magnesium dodecyl sulfates, and of copper tetradecyl sulfate towards benzene, toluene, m-xylene and n-hexane has been determined over the concentration range from 10−3 to 1.5×10−2 mol./1. at various temperatures. There were approximately linear relationships between the amounts of hydrocarbons solubilized and the detergent concentration. No fundamental difference could be observed among the solubilizing powers of the various bivalent salts studied, in accordance with such other micellar properties as CMC or micellar aggregation number. The solubilizing power, in moles of hydrocarbon solubilized per equivalent detergent, was found to be about 2.0 for the solubilization of benzene by bivalent metal dodecyl sulfates, which is about 1.5 times that by sodium dodecyl sulfate. This increased solubilizing power of bivalent salts was ascribed to the increased micellar volume and to the increased micellar aggregation number compared with that of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The increasing chain length causes a normal increase in solubilizing power. The ratio of the amount of hydrocabons solubilized by copper tetradecyl sulfate to that solubilized by copper dodecyl sulfate was about 1.5.
The Electronic Spectra of Aromatic Molecular Crystals. I. Substitued Benzene Molecules
Authors: Tanaka Jiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic absorption spectra of some substituted benzene molecules p-nitroaniline, benzoic acid, acetanilide, trans-cinnamic acid, and durene have been measured in ethanol or n-heptane solutions and as single crystals, using polarized light. The measurement of the crystalline spectra reveals in many respects the properties of the transitions of substituted benzene molecules. The 277 mμ of durene, which is reasonably regarded as a band analogous to the 260 mμ of benzene, is shown to be polarized perpendicular to the two-fold symmetrical axis of the molecule. Bands of the same type occur at 264 mμ in p-nitroaniline (crystal), at 284 mμ in benzoic acid, at 282 mμ in acetanilide and at 299 mμ in trans-cinnamic acid. In addition, those molecules in which the benzene ring is substituted by the electron-accepting groups, show a strong band, associated with intramolecular charge transfer, in the near ultraviolet region. The 370 mμ band of p-nitroaniline is shown to be polarized parallel to the long axis of the molecule, and the 230 mμ band of benzoic acid has a polarization parallel to the line connecting the centers of the benzene ring and the carbonyl group. The directions of the transition moments of the 240 mμ band of acetanilide and the 276 mμ band of trans-cinnamic acid are also shown to be on the line connecting the substituents and the benzene ring. Davydov splitting is observed in the crystal of p-nitroaniline; this splitting is in good agreement with the values calculated by the exciton theory.
The Effects of Stationary Liquids on the Separation of the Isomers of Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Gas Chromatography
Authors: Araki Takeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1) The gas chromatographic separation of the isomer of aromatic hydrocarbons has been investigated on the aromatic stationary liquids.
2) It has been established from the experimental results on the xylene series that the S12–σp diagram of Fig. 1 of the previous paper4) is applicable to the separation of the ethyltoluene series.
3) ΔS12 has been defined, and it has been proven that this value was roughly constant between two series of dialkylbenzenes. Moreover, this value seems to throw a light on the prediction of the separation of the isomers of aromatic hydrocarbons.
4) This separation seems to be affected by π-complex formation between aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic stationary liquids of both the π-acidic and π-basic types.
Consideration on the Q-e Scheme. III. Q-e Factors in Ionic Polymerization
Authors: Kawabata Nariyoshi , Tsuruta Teiji , Furukawa Junji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The authors have tried to divide the conjugation-stabilization energy between monomer and attacking polymer cation, ECM, and that between monomer and attacking polymer anion, EAM, into four terms by means of the equations ECM=ECoMo+EC+EM++E′CM and EAM=EAoMo+EA+EM−+E′AM, respectively. Here, ECoMo is the stabilization energy between polyethylene cation and ethylene monomer, EC and EM+ are the increments in the stabilization energies of systems of (substituted polyethylene cation–ethylene monomer) and (polyethylene cation–substituted ethylene monomer) with respect to ECoMo as standard. E′CM is the surplus increment in the stabilization energy of the system of substituted polyethylene cation and substituted ethylene monomer. EAoMo, EA, EA, EM− and E′AM have the significance analogous to ECoMo, EC, EM+ and E′CM, respectively. The E′CM values for most cation-monomer pairs have been found to be negligibly small. This result correlates with the experimental findings that the products of r1r2 are nearly equal to unity for all the cationic copolymerization systems investigated so far. The equation, kCM=PC+QM+exp(–eCM+), is assumed to be applicable to cationic polymerization, the e+-terms being, however, negligible for any cation-monomer pair. Here, Pc+ is the reactivity associated with polymer cation, QM+ is the general reactivity term of monomer in cationic polymerization, and e+ is the corrective term characteristic of polymer cation and monomer. On the other hand, the E′AM values were often found to play a large part in EAM. This result is consistent with some experimental findings by Szwarc et al. The relative reactivity value of vinyl monomers toward carbonium ions is considered to be the general reactivity term in cationic polymerization, Q+. A good correspondence of Q+ with EM+ has been observed.
Steady-state Studies by the ESR Method of the Photopolymerization of Vinyl Acetate and Methyl Methacrylate
Authors: Kuwata Keiji , Nishikida Ko-ichi , Kawazura Hiroshi , Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been attempted, by the ESR technique, to study the steady-state photopolymerization of vinyl acetate and methyl methacrylate, using hydrogen peroxide as the initiating substance. The observed steady-state radical concentration has been found to coincide within a factor of two with the calculated value, Eq. 3, derived under the assumption of a simple kinetic treatment. Although, it has been shown that the calculated decay curve deviates from the observed curve in the later period of decay, especially in the case of methyl methacrylate; such a discrepancy seems to be explainable if the reaction rate decreases with the chain length of the polymerizing radicals.
The Thermal Annealing of Phosphorus-32 Formed by the Neutron Irradiation of Several Inorganic Phosphorus Compounds
Authors: Baba Hiroshi , Tanaka Kichizo , Yoshihara Kenji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermal annealing curves given from the chemically-distributed phosphorus-32 formed by neuton irradiation in a nuclear reactor were obtained by heating several orthophosphates, sodium pyrophosphate, and disodium hydrogen phosphite samples in crystal. The separation was accomplished by one-dimensional paper chromatography. The amounts of phosphorus-32 in the chemical species different from the parent species decreased upon the heating of the salts, except in the case of sodium dihydrogen phosphite, whereas retention always increased.
By the analysis of thermal annealing curves obtained from the initial distribution of activation energies, it was found that there was a difference between the thermal-annealing behavior of the polyphosphate fraction and that of the reduced species fraction. The activation energies of the polyphosphate fractions were in the range of 0.60 to 1.0 eV., but the pyrophosphate sample showed an exceptionally high value, i. e., 0.78 to 1.3 eV. Higher activation energy values were estimated for the annealing of the reduced species fraction than for those of the polyphosphate fractions.
ESR Studies on Negative Ions of Biphenyl Derivatives. I. Electron Spin Resonance Hyper fine Spectra of 4-Methyl Biphenyl and p, p′-Bitolyl Mononegative Ions
Authors: Ishizu Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron spin resonances of 4-methyl biphenyl and p, p′-bitolyl mononegative ions were observed in either dimethoxyethane or tetrahydrofuran, using potassium metal as a reducing agent. Well-resolved proton hyperfine spectra were observed in each case, and the g-value, the overall width, and the hyperfine splitting coefficients due to the methyl protons and ring protons were determined.
The theoretical spectra were constructed according to the spin densities calculated by Hückel’s MO treatment, and these results were compared with the observed spectra.
The Photochemical Decomposition of α,α-Diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in Solution. II. Products of the Photolysis and Its Reaction Mechanism
Authors: Suzuki Atuo , Takahasi Makoto , Shiomi Kengo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. DPPH in a benzene solution was decom-posed by sun-light on a relatively large scale in the presence of air, and the prducts were separated on a cellulose column. The products were identified as α,α-diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazine (I), α-phenyl-α-(p-nitrophenyl)-β-picrylhydrazine (II), and a third component (III) with a chemical composition of (C18H10−11-N3O3)n (the n is greater than 3).
2. The method of separation by means of a cellulose column was applied in the quan-titative estimation of the reaction products. The ratios of the products in the course of the decomposition were determined. From the ratio at the final stage, the over-all reaction can be written as follows:
4 DPPH→I+2II+III
3. The physical and chemical properties of the third component have been described, and a possible structure for III has been pro-posed.
4. From the material balance and the chemical compositions of the reaction products, it is presumed that the early stage of the decomposition of DPPH induced by light is an intermolecular nitration of DPPH.
The Intramolecular Force Field and Normal Vibrations of Isotactic Polypropylene and Deuterated Derivatives
Authors: Miyazawa Tatsuo , Ideguchi Yoshiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The infrared active normal vibrations of isotactic polypropylene and its deuterated derivatives in the crystalline state have been treated. The modified Urey-Bradley-Shimanouchi force field has been used for the calculations. A total of 23 potential constants have been adjusted by the method of least squares with reference to a total of 166 frequencies observed by Peraldo and Farina. The standard errors of the potential constants have also been calculated. The r. m. s. deviation of the calculated frequencies from the observed ones is as small as 0.9%. The potential energy distributions have also been calculated for the discussion of the nature of the observed infrared bands. Vibrational assignments of the liquid bands of isotactic polypropylene have also been made.
The Colorimetric Determination of Minute Amounts of Iodide and Iodate in Sea Water by Means of Their Catalytic Effects
Authors: Yonehara Norinobu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In the presence of 2000 p.p.m. chloride, iodide and iodate show. the same catalytic effect on the color-fading reaction of a solution of ferric thiocyanate. The total iodine content in sea water may be determined by estimating the absorbance of a sample diluted about ten times.
The iodide in the sample is first oxidized to free iodine by a sodium nitrite solution and a nitric acid solution of ferric ammonium sulfate. The resulting free iodine is removed by extraction with carbon tetrachloride. The iodate which remains quantitatively in the aqueous layer is determined by a similar procedure. The difference between the total iodine and the iodate-iodine gives the iodideiodine.
By this method, the iodate and total iodine contents in sea water can be determined rapidly and accurately. It takes only about 2 ml. of sea water to determine both the total iodine and the iodate-iodine.
Thermogravimetric Analysis of Polyoxymethylene
Authors: Igarashi Shoichi , Mita Itaru , Kambe Hirotaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The character of the thermal decomposition of polyoxymethylene, acetylated polyoxymethylene and Delrin in air and in nitrogen has been studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Two peaks have been observed in each atmosphere in the derivative thermogravimetric analysis curves for these samples.
It has been confirmed that the feature of doublet peaks is related to the concentration of oxygen during the decomposition and, thus, that the first stage is due to the chain depolymerization as well as to the oxidative decomposition, and that the second stage is to be attributed to the random degradation of a stable fragment formed during the first stage decomposition.
An increase of carbonyl groups in the polymer molecule with the degradation was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy.
Calculation of the State Energies of Benzaldehyde. I. Semi-Empirical Molecular Orbital Method
Authors: Inuzuka K\={o}z\={o} , Yokota Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic structure and the nature of the electronic transitions in the benzaldehyde molecule have been elucidated by the use of a semi-empirical MO method assuming a C2v symmetry. The results of the calculations conform to the observed values for the singlet and triplet states in spite of the use of a crude approximation. In benzaldehyde, it has been found that the n,π triplet state is the lowest. The charge transfer band may be explained by means of our calculations.
The Spectrophotometric Determination of a Small Amount of l-Ascorbic Acid with the Iron(III)-1, 10-Phenanthroline Reagent
Authors: Onishi Isao , Hara Tadashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and accurate spectrophotometric method with the iron(III) -1, 10-phenanthroline reagent has been established for the determination of a small amount of l-ascorbic acid ; it has been applied to the measurement of the catalytic effects of metal ions on the autoxidation of l-ascorbic acid.
The Mechanism of the Thermal Decomposition of Hexamminecobalt(III) Chloride
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Nanjo Michio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The thermal decomposition of hexamminecobalt(III) chloride has been investigated by thermogravimetric, polarographic and infrared spectroscopic method. The results indicate that the reaction is initiated by the electron transfer from either a ligand molecule or an outersphere ion to the central cobalt atom, forming a less stable cobalt(II) complex, which immediately dissociates ammonia molecules and undergoes decomposition.
Electrical Conductivity of Organic Semiconductors at High Pressure
Authors: Harada Yoshiya , Maruyama Yusei , Shirotani Ichimin , Inokuchi Hiroo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to study the effect of high pressure on the electrical conductivity of organic semiconductors, the band structure of the anthracene crystal has been calculated at atmospheric pressure and also at 160 kilobars, using the treatment of the tight-binding approximation. The total band widths of both electrons and holes at 160 kilobars are 5∼6 times as large as those at atmospheric pressure. Although the mobilities of both carriers, on the whole, increase in magnitude by several tens times at 160 kilobars, the sharp drop in the resistivity at high pressure may be due mostly to the great increase in the concentrations of the charge carriers (103∼104 times).
The Electrical Properties of the Poly (N-vinyl Carbazole)-Tetracyanoquinodimethane Charge Transfer Complex
Authors: Taniguchi Akimasa , Kanda Seiichi , Nogaito Takeshi , Kusabayashi Shigekazu , Mikawa Hiroshi , Ito Kazuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Poly (N-vinyl carbazole) (specific resistivity, above 1017Ω cm.) gives a dark-green charge transfer complex with tetracyanoquinodimethane. The specific resistivity of the complexes at room temperature is 1014∼1016Ωcm. and the band-gap energy is 1.1∼1.5 eV. The film-forming property of poly(N-vinyl carbazole) is retained in the complex. The charge transfer band is observed at about 620 mμ.
The Addition Reactions of Propanol-2 to Ethylene Induced by Gamma-ray Irradiation in the Gaseous Phase
Authors: Kurihara Tadashi , Hotta Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
When a mixture of propanol-2 and ethylene was irradiated in the gaseous phase by cobalt-60 gamma-rays at 100°C to 200°C, thirtyseven products were found by gas chromatography from the samples above 150°C in addition to the telomers already reported, while fifteen products were found at 100°C. While the yield of these products increased with an increase in the temperature, the yield of the telomers increased not only with an increase in the temperature but also with a decrease in the temperature below 125°C. The identified products show that all the kinds of radicals, which were expected from propanol-2 are present as the precursors of these products. It has been concluded from these facts that the various radical transfer reactions and disproportionation reactions occur in the gaseous phase, especially above 150°C, although the addition reactions are predominant in the liquid phase at lower temperatures. On the other hand, although 1-hydroxyethyl radical ions are predominant in the electron impact of propanol-2, the 1-hydroxyisopropyl radical is predominant among the precursor radicals. This shows that the present processes are radical and not ionic.
On the Melting Temperature of Nucleic Acid in Solution
Authors: Tsuboi Masamichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The mass action law has been applied to the “melting” process of nucleic acids and also to the binding process of small ions or molecules. On the basis of previously-obtained data on the variation of the melting temperature of nucleic acids caused by interaction with small ions and molecules, some of the enthalpy, entropy, and free energy changes involved in the processes have been estimated. A model has been proposed of how the spermine molecule may interact with the deoxyribonucleic acid molecule to stabilize the double-helical conformation of the latter molecule.
Electronic Spectrum of Fluorenone
Authors: Kuboyama Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic spectrum of fluorenone in various solvents has been measured; from these results and from the results obtained with the simple MO method for the π-electronic system of fluorenone, the nature of each absorption band of fluorenone has been studied. It has been concluded that fluorenone has four π→π* absorption bands (near 380 mμ, 310 mμ, 290 mμ, and 250 mμ respectively) in the near-ultraviolet region. The assignments of the 380 mμ and 310 mμ bands to the transition (A1→B2) and the 290 mμ and 250 mμ bands to the transition (A1→A1) are favorable in view of the obtained results.
Studies of the Hydration and the Structure of Water and Their Roles in Protein Structure. III. Proton Magnetic Resonance Shifts of Water in Aqueous Solutions of Electrolytes and Their Relation to the Structure of Water
Authors: Goto Sachio , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of various electrolytes and organic compounds on the structure of water, and particularly on hydrogen bonding, have been investigated by measuring the chemical shift of water protons in the nuclear magnetic resonance frequency. The chemical shift observed for salt solutions has been corrected for the bulk diamagnetic susceptibility, using methyl protons of acetone as a reference. The chemical shifts of water protons in aqueous solutions of various solutes have been considered.
Studies of the Hydration and the Structure of Water and Their Roles in Protein Structure. IV. The Hydration of Amino Acids and Oligopeptides
Authors: Goto Sachio , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The numbers of hydration of various amino acids, oligopeptides and saccharides in aqueous solutions and their dependence on the temperature have been determined by the method of ultrasonic interferometry. The hydration on ionic, hydrophilic and hydrophobic sites has been discussed. Particularly, evidence for the: hydration around hydrophobic groups has been obtained. Also, we have established the hydration of the peptide bond.
Acid-base Concept and Catalytic Activity of Oxides
Authors: Tanaka Ken-ichi , Tamaru Kenzi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic activity of metal oxide has been correlated with the acidity of the oxide surface. The acidity depends upon the partial charge on the oxygen in the oxide and also upon the heat of the formation of the oxide. Consequently, the catalytic behavior may be correlated with the heat of the formation of the oxide, as in the cases of the chemisorption of gases and catalytic activity by metals.
The decomposition of formic acid and alcohol and the polymerization of isobutylene have treated on the basis of this concept, and the selectivity, or activity, of these reactions, their reaction kinetics, and also the effect of heat treatment have been discussed.