bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Program coordinators’ perspectives on implementing a transition program for newly graduated nurses: a qualitative interview study
Authors: Eklund Annika , Skyvell Nilsson Maria 
Published: April 2024

PurposeWhile transition programs are widely used to facilitate newly graduated nurses transition to healthcare settings, knowledge about preconditions for implementing such programs in the hospital context is scarce. The purpose of this study was to explore program coordinators’ perspectives on implementing a transition program for newly graduated nurses.Design/methodology/approachAn explorative qualitative study using individual interviews. Total of 11 program coordinators at five acute care hospital administrations in a south-west region in Sweden. Data was subjected to thematic analysis, using NVivo software to promote coding.FindingsThe following two themes were identified from the analysis: Create a shared responsibility for introducing newly graduated nurses, and establish legitimacy of the program. The implementation process was found to be a matter of both educational content and anchoring work in the hospital organization. To clarify the what and why of implementing a transition program, where the nurses learning processes are prioritized, was foundational prerequisites for successful implementation.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates that implementing transition programs in contemporary hospital care context is a valuable but complex process that involves conflicting priorities. A program that is well integrated in the organization, in which responsibilities between different levels and roles in the hospital organization, aims and expectations on the program are clarified, is important to achieve the intentions of effective transition to practice. Joint actions need to be taken by healthcare policymakers, hospitals and ward managers, and educational institutions to support the implementation of transition programs as a long-term strategy for nurses entering hospital care.
The influence of leaders’ collectivist orientation on employees’ innovative behavior
Authors: Yang Chuan , Jin Hui , Zhang Chun 
Published: April 2024

Purpose This study investigates the relationship between leaders’ collectivist orientation and employees’ innovative behavior, as well as the mediating effects of employees’ collectivist orientation and servant leadership.Design/methodology/approach Based on a survey of 40 leaders and 219 employees in 12 technologically innovative enterprises in Jiangsu Province, China, a hierarchical linear modeling is used.Findings The results show that leaders’ collectivist orientation significantly positively affects employees’ innovative behavior. Moreover, leaders’ collectivist orientation significantly positively affects employees’ collectivist orientation/servant leadership, employees’ collectivist orientation/servant leadership significantly positively affects employees’ innovative behavior, and employees’ collectivist orientation/servant leadership partially mediates the relationship between leaders’ collectivist orientation and employees’ innovative behavior.Originality/value In response to the lack of research on the relationship between leadership cultural orientation and employees’ innovative behavior, this study sheds light on the effectiveness and mechanism of the influence of leaders’ collectivist orientation on employees’ innovative behavior, thus expanding and deepening the boundaries of theoretical research on leadership, culture and innovation management.
Therapeutic drug monitoring in patients with inflammatory bowel disease on ustekinumab
Authors: Saleh Adam , Stading Rachel , Miroballi Natalia , Glassner Kerri , Abraham Bincy P. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTherapeutic drug monitoring is used clinically to guide anti‐tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but its use for ustekinumab (UST) remains unclear. This study aimed to determine predictive variables of UST levels.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort of patients with IBD, UST trough levels were drawn at maintenance dosing. Relationships between UST trough levels and demographics, therapy, and outcomes were analyzed. Machine‐learning models were used to infer combinatorial traits predictive of UST levels.ResultsAltogether 177 patients with IBD on UST had a mean UST trough level of 4.742 μg/mL. The injection schedule correlated significantly (P < 0.001) with UST levels. Naiveté to anti‐TNFs correlated with higher UST levels (P = 0.048). Univariate analysis revealed that higher inflammatory biomarkers significantly correlated to lower UST levels and a lower Simple Endoscopic Score to Crohn's Disease to adequate UST levels (P = 0.018). Multivariate analysis identified body mass index (BMI), previous anti‐TNF failure, and laboratory flare as predictors of UST levels with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.72. The UST cut‐off level of 5.77 μg/mL yielded a 0.79 AUROC, 80% sensitivity, and 81% specificity for predicting endoscopic remission of Crohn's disease. For the clinical remission end‐point in ulcerative colitis, UST level of 4.73 μg/mL yielded a 0.69 AUROC, 53% sensitivity, and 86% specificity.ConclusionsHigher UST levels correlated with less disease activity. BMI was an important consideration for UST response as well. Therefore, UST dose adjustments to reach target levels may optimize response.
Immune cell‐related prognostic risk model and tumor immune environment modulation in esophageal carcinoma based on single‐cell and bulk RNA sequencing
Authors: Wen Xiao , Pu Liu , Wencheng Zhang , Tengfei Ma , Guangshun Wang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundImmune cells play a pivotal role in the tumor microenvironment, exerting significant influence on tumor progression and patient outcomes, but the current biomarkers are insufficient to fully capture the complex and diverse tumor immune microenvironment and the impact of immunotherapy.MethodsThe advent of single‐cell sequencing allows us to explore the tumor microenvironment at an unprecedented resolution, enabling the identification and characterization of distinct subsets of immune cells, thereby paving the way for the development of prognostic models using immune cells. Leveraging single‐cell data, our study deeply investigated the intricacies of immune microenvironment heterogeneity in esophageal carcinoma.ResultsWe elucidated the composition, functionality, evolution, and intercellular communication patterns of immune cells, culminating in the construction of an independent prognostic model at the single‐cell level. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of disparities in immune infiltration and immune checkpoint expression between patients categorized into high‐ and low‐risk groups, which may impact patient prognosis.ConclusionIn summary, our study harnessed multiomics data to delineate the immune profile of esophageal carcinoma patients, provide a method for leveraging molecular signatures of immune cells to identify potential biomarkers, while concurrently providing evidence for the potential benefits of immunotherapy.
Amyloid precursor protein induces reactive astrogliosis
Authors: Velezmoro Jauregui Gretsen , Vukić Dragana , Onyango Isaac G. , Arias Carlos , Novotný Jan S. , Texlová Kateřina , Wang Shanshan , Kovačovicova Kristina Locker , Polakova Natalie , Zelinkova Jana , Čarna Maria , Lacovich Valentina , Head Brian P. , Havas Daniel , Mistrik Martin , Zorec Robert , Verkhratsky Alexei , Keegan Liam , O'Connell Mary A. , Rissman Robert , Stokin Gorazd B. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimAstrocytes respond to stressors by acquiring a reactive state characterized by changes in their morphology and function. Molecules underlying reactive astrogliosis, however, remain largely unknown. Given that several studies observed increase in the Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) in reactive astrocytes, we here test whether APP plays a role in reactive astrogliosis.MethodsWe investigated whether APP instigates reactive astroglios by examining in vitro and in vivo the morphology and function of naive and APP‐deficient astrocytes in response to APP and well‐established stressors.ResultsOverexpression of APP in cultured astrocytes led to remodeling of the intermediate filament network, enhancement of cytokine production, and activation of cellular programs centered around the interferon (IFN) pathway, all signs of reactive astrogliosis. Conversely, APP deletion abrogated remodeling of the intermediate filament network and blunted expression of IFN‐stimulated gene products in response to lipopolysaccharide. Following traumatic brain injury (TBI), mouse reactive astrocytes also exhibited an association between APP and IFN, while APP deletion curbed the increase in glial fibrillary acidic protein observed canonically in astrocytes in response to TBI.ConclusionsThe APP thus represents a candidate molecular inducer and regulator of reactive astrogliosis. This finding has implications for understanding pathophysiology of neurodegenerative and other diseases of the nervous system characterized by reactive astrogliosis and opens potential new therapeutic avenues targeting APP and its pathways to modulate reactive astrogliosis.
Urethral cancer: a comprehensive review endorsed by the Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumours
Authors: García‐Perdomo Herney Andrés , Dávila‐Raigoza Angélica María , Summers Ellie , Billingham Lucinda , Necchi Andrea , Griffiths Gareth , Spiess Philippe E. 
Published: April 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness and adverse effects of urethrectomy alone or as part of multimodal therapy (MMT).MethodsA comprehensive search was conducted across MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, LILACS and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases, from their inception to the present date. The study cohort comprised individuals aged 16 years and older diagnosed with urethral tumours at any stage who underwent either isolated urethrectomy or urethrectomy as an integral component of MMT.ResultsNinety‐two studies comprising 25 480 patients met the inclusion criteria. Surgical outcomes for urethral cancer vary considerably, with 5‐year overall survival (OS) ranging from 10% to 68% based on disease extent, approach, and gender. Radiotherapy (RT) alone provides 5‐year OS of approximately 40%. Combined regimens provide better outcomes compared to single modalities, including reduced recurrence and enhanced survival. However, trimodal therapy showed survival benefits only for urothelial subtypes, indicating the need to tailor management according to cancer type. MMT with neoadjuvant chemotherapy prior to surgery demonstrated the most consistent survival gains.ConclusionsThe management of urethral cancer demands a nuanced, personalised approach, accounting for factors such as tumour location, sex, and tumour stage. MMT combining surgery, chemotherapy and RT has shown the ability to enhance outcomes in advanced disease. More extensive collaborative studies through specialised centres are imperative to advance evidence‐based protocols and refine treatment in order to improve survival.
Drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal can differ across two species of fleshy‐fruited savanna plants
Authors: Jayanth Arpitha , Isvaran Kavita , Naniwadekar Rohit 
Published: April 2024

AbstractVarious factors may mediate the visitation of frugivores to fruiting plants, which can dictate the quantum of seeds removed (dispersed) away from the parent plant. Past studies have laid emphasis on species‐specific factors and environmental contexts that frugivores may use as cues to make foraging decisions and differentially visit various plant species. However, differences in plant traits (intrinsic factors) and local environmental contexts (extrinsic factors) can influence the diversity and abundance of frugivores that visit individual plants of the same species, resulting in intraspecific variation in seed dispersal. We observed individuals of two co‐fruiting plant species with morphologically similar fruits—Naringi crenulata and Ziziphus oenopolia—for 134 h and examined the influence of fruit crop size, plant height, and fruiting neighborhood on the diversity of visiting avian frugivores and quantum of fruit removal for individual plants. We found that despite their similarity in fruits and sharing of a similar set of frugivore species, the two plant species differed in how they attracted frugivores, with consequences for fruit removal rates. Fruit crop size was an important determinant of fruit removal for N. crenulata¸ while plant height led to greater visitation and fruit removal for Z. oenopolia. We discuss potential reasons for the difference in frugivore visitation and fruit removal for the two plant species. Our results support a growing body of evidence that intraspecific variation in seed dispersal is pervasive and highly context‐dependent, and describe frugivore interactions of two plant species from an understudied tropical savanna.
Landscape heterogeneity increases bird functional diversity within Neotropical vineyards
Authors: Moreno Daniele J. , Ribeiro Milton C. , Piratelli Augusto J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConversion of lands to agroecosystems has resulted in a decline in bird biodiversity. Analyzing functional diversity is a central tool for detecting changes in the ecological functions performed by birds in these landscapes. This paper aims to investigate the responses of bird taxonomic and functional diversity to landscape heterogeneity and native forest cover in Neotropical vineyards. We sampled 19 vineyard landscapes in southeastern Brazil. These landscapes covered a gradient of forest cover and heterogeneity resulting from various land‐uses. To assess bird diversity, we considered both taxonomic diversity and functional diversity (i.e., functional richness, evenness, and divergence). To examine the potential interactions between landscapes and bird assemblages, we employed generalized linear models (GLM). Taxonomic diversity showed no correlation with any landscape metrics. On the other hand, variation in the three metrics of functional diversity was related to landscape heterogeneity. However, in heterogeneous landscapes, these communities can be structured by limiting similarity processes. We highlight the negative impact of landscape homogenization on the ecological functions performed by birds in vineyards, while finding no significant effect on species diversity. These findings can provide valuable support for the formulation of public policies aimed at striking a balance between agricultural production and biodiversity conservation.Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
Featured Cover
Authors: Yi Chun , Jiang Xi , Di Ping , Ren Shuxin , Lin Ye 
Published: April 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article The facial–coronal ridge crest alterations after single immediate implant placement and provisionalization with thin buccal plate phenotype in anterior maxilla: A radiographic case‐series study by Chun Yi DMD et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/cid.13280.
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Accuracy of open‐sleeved vs. closed‐sleeved static computer‐assisted implant systems in immediate maxillary molar implant placement: An in vitro study
Authors: Chen Zhaozhao , Li Junying , Wei Chen Xuan , Mendonca Gustavo , Wang Hom‐Lay 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe objective of this study is (1) to compare the accuracy of an open‐sleeved static computer‐assisted implant system (sCAIS) with a closed‐sleeve sCAIS and free‐hand approach in immediate implant placement (IIP) of maxillary molar sites and (2) to investigate the influence of socket morphology on these approaches.Materials and MethodsNinety partially edentulous duplicated maxillary models simulating three different molar sockets (type A, B, and C based on Smith and Tarnow's classification) were investigated. Three modalities, including sCAIS with open‐sleeves, sCAIS with closed‐sleeves, and free‐hand approach, were applied separately to 30 models with 120 sockets. A customized Python script automatically measured the deviations between the virtual and actual implant positions for all 360 implants.ResultsThe 3D deviations of sCAIS were significantly influenced by the socket and sleeve types. Both guided groups exhibited significantly less deviation than the free‐hand approach. Type A and C sockets resulted in better implant positions than type B socket sites. In type B sockets, the open‐sleeve group achieved significantly less deviation compared to the closed‐sleeve group, with respect to apical global (1.34 ± 0.53 vs. 1.84 ± 0.59 mm), coronal horizontal (0.68 ± 0.36 vs. 0.93 ± 0.34 mm), apical horizontal (1.21 ± 0.59 vs. 1.74 ± 0.63 mm), and angular (3.30 ± 1.41 vs. 4.41 ± 1.96°) deviations.ConclusionsGuided implant surgery significantly reduces deviations during molar IIP compared to free‐hand procedures. Furthermore, the use of open‐sleeve sCAIS appears to be more effective in minimizing deviations in type B sockets when compared with the closed‐sleeve guided system.
Spontaneous brain activity in the hippocampal regions could characterize cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Chen Peng , Tang Guoqiang , Wang Yanglingxi , Xiong Weiming , Deng Yongbing , Fei She , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate whether spontaneous brain activity can be used as a prospective indicator to identify cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD).MethodsResting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS‐fMRI) was performed on PD patients. The cognitive level of patients was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scale. The fractional amplitude of low‐frequency fluctuation (fALFF) was applied to measure the strength of spontaneous brain activity. Correlation analysis and between‐group comparisons of fMRI data were conducted using Rest 1.8. By overlaying cognitively characterized brain regions and defining regions of interest (ROIs) based on their spatial distribution for subsequent cognitive stratification studies.ResultsA total of 58 PD patients were enrolled in this study. They were divided into three groups: normal cognition (NC) group (27 patients, average MoCA was 27.96), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) group (21 patients, average MoCA was 23.52), and severe cognitive impairment (SCI) group (10 patients, average MoCA was 17.3). It is noteworthy to mention that those within the SCI group exhibited the most advanced chronological age, with an average of 74.4 years, whereas the MCI group displayed a higher prevalence of male participants at 85.7%. It was found hippocampal regions were a stable representative brain region of cognition according to the correlation analysis between the fALFF of the whole brain and cognition, and the comparison of fALFF between different cognitive groups. The parahippocampal gyrus was the only region with statistically significant differences in fALFF among the three cognitive groups, and it was also the only brain region to identify MCI from NC, with an AUC of 0.673. The paracentral lobule, postcentral gyrus was the region that identified SCI from NC, with an AUC of 0.941. The midbrain, hippocampus, and parahippocampa gyrus was the region that identified SCI from MCI, with an AUC of 0.926.ConclusionThe parahippocampal gyrus was the potential brain region for recognizing cognitive impairment in PD, specifically for identifying MCI. Thus, the fALFF of parahippocampal gyrus is expected to contribute to future study as a multimodal fingerprint for early warning.
Association of physical activity and sports participation with insulin resistance and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease in people with type 1 diabetes
Authors: de Vries M. , Westerink J. , Kaasjager H. A. H. , de Valk H. W. ,   the UCC‐SMART Study Group
Published: April 2024

AbstractAimTo evaluate the association between physical activity (PA) and sports participation with insulin resistance and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in people with type 1 diabetes (T1D).MethodsPeople with T1D from a secondary and tertiary care centre were included. Questionnaire‐derived PA was expressed in metabolic equivalent of task hours per week (METh/week). Insulin sensitivity was calculated with the estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). NAFLD was assessed by transient elastography (TE). Multivariate linear and logistic regression models were conducted, adjusted for age, sex, diabetes duration and BMI.ResultsIn total, 254 participants were included (men 56%, age 44 ± 14 years, diabetes duration 24 ± 14 years, median BMI 24.8 kg/m2), of which 150 participants underwent TE. Total PA (median 50.7 METh/week) was not significantly associated with insulin resistance (median eGDR 7.31 mg/kg/min) (beta −0.00, 95% CI −0.01 to 0.00) or with NAFLD (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.01). Participating in sports was significantly associated with eGDR (beta 0.94, 95% CI 0.48–1.41) and with NAFLD (OR 0.21, 95% CI 0.08–0.56).ConclusionsIn our T1D population, we could not find any dose‐dependent association between PA, insulin resistance and NAFLD. People participating in sports had a lower degree of insulin resistance and lower odds for NAFLD.
Global contribution of invertebrates to forest litter decomposition
Authors: Zeng Xiaoyi , Gao Huilin , Wang Runxi , Majcher Bartosz M. , Woon Joel S. , Wenda Cheng , Eggleton Paul , Griffiths Hannah M. , Ashton Louise A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractForest litter decomposition is an essential component of global carbon and nutrient turnover. Invertebrates play important roles in litter decomposition, but the regional pattern of their effects is poorly understood. We examined 476 case studies across 93 sites and performed a meta‐analysis to estimate regional effects of invertebrates on forest litter decomposition. We then assessed how invertebrate diversity, climate and soil pH drive regional variations in invertebrate‐mediated decomposition. We found that (1) invertebrate contributions to litter decomposition are 1.4 times higher in tropical and subtropical forests than in forests elsewhere, with an overall contribution of 31% to global forest litter decomposition; and (2) termite diversity, together with warm, humid and acidic environments in the tropics and subtropics are positively associated with forest litter decomposition by invertebrates. Our results demonstrate the significant difference in invertebrate effects on mediating forest litter decomposition among regions. We demonstrate, also, the significance of termites in driving litter mass loss in the tropics and subtropics. These results are particularly pertinent in the tropics and subtropics where climate change and human disturbance threaten invertebrate biodiversity and the ecosystem services it provides.