bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modified KdV equation with a source term in a bounded domain
Authors: Larkin N. A. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA mixed problem for the modified KdV equation in Q = (0,1) × (0,∞)

where a(t)>0, is considered. No restriction on the sign of d(t) is imposed. We prove the existence and uniqueness of strong and weak global solutions as well as the exponential decay of solutions as t→+∞. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Classical solvability of 1‐D Cahn–Hilliard equation coupled with elasticity
Authors: Pawłow Irena , Zaja̧czkowski Wojciech M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn this paper, we prove the classical solvability of a nonlinear 1‐D system of hyperbolic–parabolic type arising as a model of phase separation in deformable binary alloys. The system is governed by the nonstationary elasticity equation coupled with the Cahn–Hilliard equation. The existence proof is based on the application of the Leray–Schauder fixed point theorem and standard energy methods. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular characterization of a cDNA encoding vitellogenin in the banana shrimp, Penaeus (Litopenaeus) merguiensis and sites of vitellogenin mRNA expression
Authors: Phiriyangkul Pharima , Utarabhand Prapaporn 
Published: January 2006

AbstractIn order to determine the primary structure of banana shrimp, Penaeus merguiensis, vitellogenin (Vg), we previously purified vitellin (Vt) from the ovaries of vitellogenic females, and chemically analyzed the N‐terminal amino acid sequence of its 78 kDa subunit. In this study, a cDNA from this species encoding Vg was cloned based on the N‐terminal amino acid sequence of the major 78 kDa subunit of Vt and conserved sequences of Vg/Vt from other crustacean species. The complete nucleotide sequence of Vg cDNA was achieved by RT‐PCR and 5′ and 3′ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) approaches. The full‐length Vg cDNA consisted of 7,961 nucleotides. The open reading frame of this cDNA encoding a precursor peptide was comprised of 2,586 amino acid residues, with a putative processing site, R‐X‐K/R‐R, recognized by subtilisin‐like endoproteases. The deduced amino acid sequence was obtained from the Vg cDNA and its amino acid composition showed a high similarity to that of purified Vt. The deduced primary structure, of P. merguiensis Vg was 91.4% identical to the Vg of Penaeus semisulcatus and was also related to the Vg sequences of six other crustacean species with identities that ranged from 86.9% to 36.6%. In addition, the amino acid sequences corresponding to the signal peptide, N‐terminal region and C‐terminal region of P. merguiensis Vg were almost identical to the same sequences of the seven other reported crustacean species. Results from RT‐PCR analysis showed that Vg mRNA expression was present in both the ovary and hepatopancreas of vitellogenic females but was not detected in other tissues including muscle, heart, and intestine of females or in the hepatopancreas of mature males. These results indicate that the Vg gene may be expressed only by mature P. merguiensis females and that both the ovary and hepatopancreas are possible sites for Vg synthesis in this species of shrimp. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tyrosine protein kinases and spermatogenesis: truncation matters
Authors: Kierszenbaum Abraham L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProtein phosphorylation on serine/threonine or tyrosine residues represents a significant regulatory mechanism in signal transduction during spermatogenesis, oogenesis, and fertilization. There are several families of tyrosine protein kinases operating during spermatogenesis: the Src family of tyrosine protein kinases; the Fujinami poultry sarcoma/feline sarcoma (Fps/Fes) and Fes‐related protein (Fer) subfamily of non‐receptor proteins; and c‐kit, the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that belongs to the family of the PDGF receptor. A remarkable characteristic is the coexistence of full‐length and truncated tyrosine kinases in testis. Most of the truncated forms are present during spermiogenesis. Examples include the truncated forms of Src tyrosine kinase hematopoietic cell kinase (Hck), FerT, and tr‐kit. A feature of FerT and tr‐kit is the kinase domain that ensures the functional properties of the truncated protein. FerT, a regulator of actin assembly/disassembly mediated by cortactin phosphorylation, is present in the acroplaxome, a cytoskeletal plate containing an F‐actin network and linking the acrosome to the spermatid nuclear envelope. This finding suggests that Fer kinase represents one of the tyrosine protein kinases that may contribute to spermatid head shaping. The c‐kit ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), which induces c‐kit dimerization and autophosphorylation, exists as both membrane‐associated and soluble. Although tyrosine protein kinases are prominent in spermatogenesis, a remarkable observation is the paucity of phenotypic alterations in spermatogenic cells in male mice targeted with Fer kinase‐inactivating mutation. It is possible that the redundant functions of the tyrosine protein kinase pool present during spermatogenesis may explain the limited phenotypes of single mutant mice. The production of compound and viable mutant mice, lacking the expression of two or more tyrosine kinases, may shed light on this intriguing issue. Mol. Reprod. Dev. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluating a school skills programme for Australian Indigenous children: a pilot study
Authors: McGarrigle Jessica , Nelson Alison 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an occupational therapy skill development programme in improving handwriting, scissor use, visual motor co‐ordination and classroom behaviour, in a group of grade‐one Australian urban Indigenous students. The sample (N = 13) was randomly assigned to an experimental group or comparison group. Both groups were exposed to the intervention. The experimental group received a six week school skills programme in addition to regular schooling, while the comparison group received regular schooling only. Following this, the comparison group received the same six week programme. Participants underwent pre‐ and post‐testing using Beery‐Buktenica's Developmental Test of Visual Motor Integration, Conner's Abbreviated Symptom Questionnaire, and two non‐standardized handwriting and scissor skill measures. Results indicated that participants significantly improved in aspects of handwriting, scissor skills, and behaviour, but not visual motor co‐ordination, following participation in the programme. The experimental group demonstrated greater improvements only in handwriting ability scores (p = 0.037), compared to a comparison group. It was concluded that a school‐based occupational therapy programme was effective in improving handwriting, in a group of grade‐one Australian Indigenous children. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Alpha tocopherol supplementation elevates plasma apolipoprotein A1 isoforms in normal healthy subjects
Authors: Aldred Sarah , Sozzi Tommaso , Mudway Ian , Grant Melissa M. , Neubert Hendrik , Kelly Frank J. , Griffiths Helen R. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractPlasma α‐tocopherol (AT) concentrations are inversely related to cardiovascular (CV) risk; however, intervention studies with AT have failed to show any consistent benefit against CV disease (CVD). Proteomics offers the opportunity to examine novel effects of AT supplementation on protein expression and therefore improve our understanding of the physiological roles of AT. Thus, to investigate the effects of AT supplementation on the plasma proteome of healthy subjects we have undertaken a double‐blind, randomised, parallel design supplementation study in which healthy subjects (n = 32; 11 male and 21 female) consumed AT supplements (134 or 268 mg/day) or placebo capsules for up to 28 days. Plasma samples were obtained before supplementation and after 14 and 28 days of supplementation for analysis of changes in the plasma proteome using 2‐DE and MALDI‐MS. Using semiquantitative proteomics, we observed that proapolipoprotein A1 (identified by MS and Western blotting) was altered at least two‐fold. Using quantitative ELISA techniques, we confirmed a significant increase in plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration following supplementation with AT which was both time and dose dependent (p < 0.01 after 28 days supplementation with 268 mg AT/day). These data demonstrate the time and dose sensitivity of the plasma proteome to AT supplementation.
Changes in cod muscle proteins during frozen storage revealed by proteome analysis and multivariate data analysis
Authors: Kjærsgård Inger V. H. , Nørrelykke Mette R. , Jessen Flemming 
Published: January 2006

AbstractMultivariate data analysis has been combined with proteomics to enhance the recovery of information from 2‐DE of cod muscle proteins during different storage conditions. Proteins were extracted according to 11 different storage conditions and samples were resolved by 2‐DE. Data generated by 2‐DE was subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant partial least squares regression (DPLSR). Applying PCA to 2‐DE data revealed the samples to form groups according to frozen storage time, whereas differences due to different storage temperatures or chilled storage in modified atmosphere packing did not lead to distinct changes in protein pattern. Applying DPLSR to the 2‐DE data enabled the selection of protein spots critical for differentiation between 3 and 6 months frozen storage with 12 months frozen storage. Some of these protein spots have been identified by MS/MS, revealing myosin light chain 1, 2 and 3, triose‐phosphate isomerase, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase, aldolase A and two α‐actin fragments, and a nuclease diphosphate kinase B fragment to change in concentration, during frozen storage. Application of proteomics, multivariate data analysis and MS/MS to analyse protein changes in cod muscle proteins during storage has revealed new knowledge on the issue and enables a better understanding of biochemical processes occurring.
Proteomic analysis of growth phase‐dependent proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae
Authors: Lee Kwang‐Jun , Bae Song‐Mee , Lee Myoung‐Ro , Yeon Sun‐Mi , Lee Young‐Hee , Kim Ki‐Sang 
Published: January 2006

AbstractStreptococcus pneumoniae is an important human pathogen that causes a variety of diseases, such as pneumonia, bacteremia, meningitis, otitis media, and sinusitis, in both adults and children. The global pattern of growth phase‐dependent protein expression of S. pneumoniae during in vitro culture was analyzed using 2‐DE combined with MALDI‐TOF MS and LC/ESI‐MS/MS. Several protein production patterns were observed at four time points throughout the growth stage, although some protein levels did not change significantly. We focused on the switch in protein expression at the transition from log growth phase to stationary phase. Proteins that were significantly induced or repressed at this point are likely to be involved in central intermediary metabolism, amino acid synthesis, nucleotide, and fatty acid metabolism, cell wall synthesis, protein degradation, and stress responses. This global expression profiling approach has revealed previously unrecognized relationships between proteins in the life of this pathogen.
Population proteomics: An emerging discipline to study metapopulation ecology
Authors: Biron David G. , Loxdale Hugh D. , Ponton Fleur , Moura Hercules , Marché Laurent , Brugidou Christophe , Thomas Frédéric 
Published: January 2006

AbstractProteomics research has developed until recently in a relative isolation from other fast‐moving disciplines such as ecology and evolution. This is unfortunate since applying proteomics to these disciplines has apparently the potential to open new perspectives. The huge majority of species indeed exhibit over their entire geographic range a metapopulation structure, occupying habitats that are fragmented and heterogeneous in space and/or through time. Traditionally, population genetics is the main tool used to studying metatopulations, as it describes the spatial structure of populations and the level of gene flow between them. In this Viewpoint, we present the reasons why we think that proteomics, because of the level of integration it promotes, has the potential to resolve interesting issues specific to metapopulation biology and adaptive processes.
Analysis of interaction modes in calix[4]arene–levofloxacin complexes by quantum methods
Authors: Lambert Alexandrine , Regnouf‐de‐Vains Jean‐Bernard , Rinaldi Daniel , Ruiz‐Lopez Manuel F. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHost–guest interactions between chiral calix[4]arenes and the antibiotic levofloxacin are analyzed on the basis of quantum mechanical calculations at the density functional (for model systems) and semi‐empirical levels. The calix[4]arene macrocycle carries two (+)‐isomenthyl groups attached to opposing phenyl groups at the lower rim and different substituents (R = H, CH3, tBu, CH2CHCH2, COCH3 and NO2) are considered at the upper rim. Nitro derivatives are expected to form ionized complexes whereas the other derivatives should form neutral complexes with a very low stability. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Orexin‐A is composed of a highly conserved C‐terminal and a specific, hydrophilic N‐terminal region, revealing the structural basis of specific recognition by the orexin‐1 receptor
Authors: Takai Tomoyo , Takaya Takao , Nakano Mutsuko , Akutsu Hideo , Nakagawa Atsushi , Aimoto Saburo , Nagai Katsuya , Ikegami Takahisa 
Published: January 2006

AbstractOrexins‐A and B, also called hypocretins‐1 and 2, respectively, are neuropeptides that regulate feeding and sleep‐wakefulness by binding to two orphan G protein‐coupled receptors named orexin‐1 (OX1R) and orexin‐2 (OX2R). The sequences and functions of orexins‐A and B are similar to each other, but the high sequence homology (68%) is limited in their C‐terminal half regions (residues 15–33). The sequence of the N‐terminal half region of orexin‐A (residues 1–14), containing two disulfide bonds, is very different from that of orexin‐B. The structure of orexin‐A was determined using two‐dimensional homonuclear and 15N and 13C natural abundance heteronuclear NMR experiments. Orexin‐A had a compact conformation in the N‐terminal half region, which contained a short helix (III:Cys6‐Gln9) and was fixed by the two disulfide bonds, and a helix‐turn‐helix conformation (I:Leu16‐Ala23 and II:Asn25‐Thr32) in the remaining C‐terminal half region. The C‐terminal half region had both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues, which existed on separate surfaces to provide an amphipathic character in helices I and II. The nine residues on the hydrophobic surface are also well conserved in orexin‐B, and it was reported that the substitution of each of them with alanine resulted in a significant drop in the functional potency at the receptors. Therefore, we suggest that they form the surface responsible for the main hydrophobic interaction with the receptors. On the other hand, the residues on the hydrophilic surface, together with the hydrophilic residues in the N‐terminal half region that form a cluster, are known to make only small contributions to the binding to the receptors through similar alanine‐scan experiments. However, since our structure of orexin‐A showed that large conformational and electrostatical differences between orexins‐A and B were rather concentrated in the N‐terminal half regions, we suggest that the region of orexin‐A is important for the preference for orexin‐A of OX1R. Copyright © 2006 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QSTR with Extended Topochemical Atom Indices. 7. QSAR of Substituted Benzenes toSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Roy Kunal , Sanyal Indrani 
Published: January 2006

AbstractThe experimental determination of toxicological properties of commercial chemicals being costly and time consuming process, there is the need to develop mathematical predictive tools to theoretically quantify such properties. In this background, we have modeled the nonspecific toxicity of 51 substituted benzenes to the yeastSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing extended topochemical atom (ETA) indices. Principal component factor analysis (FA) was used as the data‐preprocessing step to reduce the dimensionality of the data matrix and identify the important variables that are devoid of collinearities. Multiple linear regression (MLR) analyses show that the best ETA model has the following statistical quality:n= 51,Q2= 0.851,Ra2= 0.874,R= 0.940,F= 87.9 (df4, 46),s= 0.235,PRESS= 3.3. We have also modeled the toxicity data using other topological descriptors including Wiener, HosoyaZ, molecular connectivity, kappa shape, BalabanJand E‐state parameters apart from physicochemical parameters like AlogP98, MolRef, H_bond_acceptor and H_bond _donor. The best model shows the following quality:n= 51,Q2=0.837,Ra2 = 0.855,R= 0.929 ,F= 98.9 (df3,47),s= 0.253,PRESS=3.6. An attempt to use a combined set including both ETA and non‐ETA parameters comes out with the following results:n=51,Q2=0.824,Ra2=0.852,R= 0.940,F= 73.0 (df4,46),s= 0.255,PRESS=3.9. Besides FA‐MLR, stepwise regression analysis and partial least squares (PLS) analysis were used as additional statistical tools. The use of the ETA indices suggested negative contributions of functionalities of amino and carboxylic acid substituents on the benzene ring and the presence of the electronegative atoms and positive contributions of branching and functionality of chloro substituent. Using factor scores as independent variables, principal component regression analysis (PCRA) was performed and the derived relations were of the following statistical qualities:Q2values being 0.926, 0.878 and 0.869 whileR2values being 0.942, 0.903 and 0.899 for factor scores derived from ETA, non‐ETA and combined matrices respectively. Thus, it appears that the ETA descriptors have significant potential in QSAR/QSPR/QSTR, which warrants extensive evaluation.
Studies in Mathematical Theory of Human Relations. II
Authors: Rashevsky N. 
Published: January 2006

In continuation of previous studies, relations are studied between two classes of population, of which one is characterized by a much greater ability to organize and supervise the productive activities of the other. Under some special and rather simple assumptions, it is shown that this kind of interreaction results first in an increase of the ratio of the cumulative results of productive activities for the two classes in favor of the first. With time, however, this ratio reaches a maximum and declines. An expression for the “life span” of such organized classes is obtained.In the second section, a study is made of possible non-uniformities of spatial distribution of the population. Some possible applications are made to the theory of the variation of the ratio of urban to rural population, showing how that ratio may increase with increasing total population.
A Computational Short Cut in Determining Scale Values for Ranked Items
Authors: Barnhart Edward N. 
Published: January 2006

In a study of color preferences, Winch, using the order of merit technique, adopted as a measure of group preference an index equivalent to the average rank assigned by N individuals. He awarded to the specimen in first place in each array a value of 1, to second place specimens a value of 2, and so on, summed the values awarded to each item for the N arrays and used their relative magnitudes as a measure of group preference. These values divided by N would give the average rank of the specimens.In the computation of scale values from ranked items by the method developed by Thurstone, the first step is the determination of the frequency with which each item is preferred to every other for the N arrays. In this method it is assumed that ranked data yield comparative judgments and that they can be treated in the same manner as data from paired comparisons. The first specimen in a ranked order is considered preferred to all specimens following it, and similarly for other specimens.
Portable Response Timer
Authors: Libby J. E. P. , Hunsicker A. L. 
Published: January 2006

The instrument to be described was developed from apparatus the original
design of which, by Landahl and Bechtoldt, was unpublished. Its function is
to measure the times of simple reaction, choice, perception of projected
patterns, and perception of dim patterns after light adaptation. It may also
be used to time verbal response to multiple-choice material when combined
with the response relay described by Libby elsewhere in the present
journal.
The complete instrument, including chronoscope, subject keys, and
experimenter keys, may be carried in a case ll"x6.5"x6.5". The chronoscope,
M, occupies the left half of the case. The upper half of the right-hand
section serves for carrying the subject key (H)
or, as shown in the accompanying cut, the microfilm container and projector
slides. All remaining apparatus is in the lower half of this
compartment.
An Internal Consistency Check for Scale Values Determined by the Method of Successive Intervals
Authors: Edwards Allen L. , Thurstone L. L. 
Published: January 2006

The method of successive intervals is a psychological scaling procedure in which stimuli are classified into successive intervals according to the degree of some defined attribute which they are judged to possess. A psychological continuum is defined and the scale values are then taken as the medians of the distributions of judgments on the psychological continuum. It is assumed that the distributions of judgments for each stimulus are normal on the psychological continuum as defined.An internal consistency check indicates that the cumulative distributions of empirical judgments for the various stimuli can be reproduced by means of a limited number of parameters with an average error that compares favorably with that usually reported for paired comparison data. Furthermore, the scale values obtained by successive interval scaling, for the data reported, are shown to be linearly related to those obtained by the method of paired comparisons.
A Further Note on “Finite Markov Processes in Psychology”
Authors: Goodman Leo A. 
Published: January 2006

In his interesting article “Finite Markov Processes in Psychology,” G. A. Miller derived a “least-squares estimate” for a matrix of transitional probabilities (I). However, the mathematical proof seems to be unclear. Since this proof is considered invalid (2), we shall present a somewhat clearer version of the proof of this result. We shall also examine the general problem in some detail.In the proof we shall assume that the reader is familiar with matrix notation, which enables a considerably shorter presentation. We shall follow the matrix conventions and the terminology adopted by Miller (I).
A Rationale for Minimizing Distortion in Personality Questionnaire Keys
Authors: Brogden Hubert E. 
Published: January 2006

A rationale and a procedure for constructing questionnaire keys so as to minimize the effect of distortion or faking by the respondents is developed. This rationale is based on the supposition that suppressor items can be identified to reduce distortion in, and thus add to, the validity of questionnaire keys. The procedure is designed primarily for application to the construction of forced choice items.The results of an empirical test of the efficicacy of the forced choice pairing procedure developed as a consequence of this rationale are presented. A key based on forced choice pairs developed by this procedure gave a validity of .33; a second key based on forced choice pairs developed by more conventional procedures gave a validity of .23.