bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Discovery of a low frequency sound source in Mysticeti (baleen whales): Anatomical establishment of a vocal fold homolog
Authors: Reidenberg Joy S. , Laitman Jeffrey T. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe mechanism of mysticete (baleen whale) vocalization has remained a mystery. Vocal folds (true vocal “cords”), the structures responsible for sound production in terrestrial mammals, were thought to be absent in whales. This study tests the hypothesis that the mysticete larynx possesses structures homologous to vocal folds and that they are capable of sound generation. Laryngeal anatomy was examined in 37 specimens representing 6 mysticete species. Results indicate the presence of a U‐shaped fold (U‐fold) in the lumen of the larynx. The U‐fold is supported by arytenoid cartilages, controlled by skeletal muscles innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, is adjacent to a diverticulum (laryngeal sac) covered with mucosa innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve, and contains a ligament—conditions that also define the vocal folds of terrestrial mammals and, therefore, supports homology. Unlike the vocal folds of terrestrial mammals, which are perpendicular to airflow, the mysticete U‐fold is oriented parallel to airflow. U‐fold adduction/abduction and elevation/depression may control airflow, and vibration of its edges may generate sounds. The walls of the laryngeal sac can expand and contract, may serve as a resonant space, and may also propagate vibrations generated by movements of the supporting arytenoid cartilages. The extensive musculature surrounding the laryngeal sac may enable rapid and forceful expulsion of air from the lumen of the sac into other respiratory spaces, or maintain a constant sac volume despite the effects of ambient pressure (e.g., changes during diving or ascent). The size and complexity of the mysticete larynx indicates an organ with multiple functions, including protection during breathing/swallowing, regulation of airflow and pressures in the respiratory spaces, and sound generation. The presence of a vocal fold homolog offers a new insight into both the mechanism of sound generation by mysticetes and the divergent evolution of odontocete and mysticete cetaceans. Anat Rec, 290:745–759, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Different Ca2+signalling cascades manifested by mastoparan in the prothoracic glands of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, and the silkworm,Bombyx mori
Authors: Dedos Skarlatos G. , Wicher Dieter , Kaltofen Sabine , Birkenbeil Heiner 
Published: May 2007

AbstractApplication of the tetradecapeptide mastoparan to the prothoracic glands (PGs) of the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta, and the silkworm,Bombyx mori, resulted in increases in intracellular Ca2+([Ca2+]i). InM. sexta, Gi proteins are involved in the mastoparan‐stimulated increase in [Ca2+]i. However, there is no involvement of Gi proteins in the mastoparan‐stimulated increase in [Ca2+]iin prothoracic gland cells fromB. mori. Unlike inM. sextaprothoracic glands, inB. moriprothoracic glands mastoparan increases [Ca2+]ieven in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Pharmacological manipulation of the Ca2+signalling cascades in the prothoracic glands of both insect species suggests that inM. sextaprothoracic glands, mastoparan's first site of action is influx of Ca2+through plasma membrane Ca2+channels while inB. moriprothoracic glands, mastoparan's first site of action is mobilization of Ca2+from intracellular stores. InM. sexta, the combined results indicate the presence of mastoparan‐sensitive plasma membrane Ca2+channels, distinct from those activated by prothoracicotropic hormone or the IP3signalling cascade, that coordinate spatial increases in [Ca2+]iin prothoracic gland cells. We propose that inB. mori, mastoparan stimulates Ca2+mobilization from ryanodine‐sensitive intracellular Ca2+stores in prothoracic gland cells. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 65:52–64, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Preface: Papers from the 16th International Ecdysone Workshop
Authors: Smagghe Guy , Stanley David 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe are pleased to introduce a two‐issue set of papers by contributors to the 16th International Ecdysone Workshop held last July in Ghent, Belgium with 128 participants from 18 countries. It would be very difficult to understate the biological significance of ecdysteroids in insect science, and the papers in this Special Issue help us appreciate the continued and rapid progress in this important area. This is also reflected in the fact that nearly 2000 papers were published on “ecdysteroids” in ISI indexed peer‐reviewed international journals over the last 6 years since 2000.Ecdysteroids do not act on a one‐dimensional hormone‐effect axis. To the contrary, papers in this Special Issue report on ecdysteroid interactions with other signal moieties. Gruntenko et al. and Rauschenach et al. reveal important interactions between biogenic amines and ecdysteroid titers. Eizaguirre et al. bring in new information on interactions of JH and ecdysteroids, while Kamimura et al. write about the influence of ecdysteroids on JH esterase gene expression. Ecdysteroids influence cell death, however, this effect is modulated by JH, as seen in Lobbia et al. As this area develops, we are sure to see new entities—perhaps even eicosanoids—interacting with ecdysteroids.The mechanisms of ecdysteroids and ecdysteroid biosynthesis continue to fascinate many insect scientists. Dedos et al. report on calcium signal cascades in prothoracic glands. Localization and movement of the ecdysteroid receptor complex draws the attention of Cronauer et al. and Betanska et al. This receptor also has potential biotech application with gene switch technology, as discussed by Tavva et al.The significance of ecdysteroids in insect biology is highlighted by the number of parasitoids and plants that influence insect ecdysteroids. Rharrabe et al. outline the diversity of detoxification pathways for ingested ecdysteroids, and Bodin et al. report on host‐induced ecdysteroids in a parasitoid. Krishnan et al. report on the influence of ecdysteroids in oxidative stress damage.Together, the papers in this Special Issue advance our appreciation of the biological significance of ecdysteroids in insect biology and they celebrate the insect scientists who are working on the frontiers of our knowledge in this substantial area. We hope this body of work helps scientists who want to participate in this exciting research.
Peptides derived from Cdk5 activator p35, specifically inhibit deregulated activity of Cdk5
Authors: Kesavapany Sashi , Zheng Ya‐Li , Amin Niranjana , Pant Harish C. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractNormal Cdk5 activity, conferred mainly by association with its primary activator p35, is critical for normal function of the cell and must be tightly regulated. During neurotoxicity, p35 is cleaved to form p25, which becomes a potent and mislocalized hyperactivator of Cdk5, resulting in a deregulation of Cdk5 activity. p25 levels have been found to be elevated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and overexpression of p25 in a transgenic mouse results in the formation of phosphorylated tau, neurofibrillary tangles and cognitive deficits that are pathological hallmarks of AD. p25/Cdk5 also hyperphosphorylates neurofilament proteins that constitute pathological hallmarks found in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The selective targeting of p25/Cdk5 activity without affecting p35/Cdk5 activity has been unsuccessful. In this review we detail our recent studies of selective p25/Cdk5 inhibition without affecting p35/Cdk5 or mitotic Cdk activities. We found that a further truncation of p25 to yield a Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) can specifically inhibit p25/Cdk5 activity in transfected HEK cells and primary cortical neurons. CIP was able to reduce tau hyperphosphorylation and neuronal death induced caused by p25/Cdk5 and further studies with CIP may develop a specific Cdk5 inhibition strategy in the treatment of neurodegeneration.
A posteriori error estimation of approximate boundary fluxes
Authors: Wildey T. , Tavener S. , Estep D. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the a posteriori estimation of the error in the flux of a finite element approximation on a piece of the boundary of the domain. The estimate is obtained via a generalized Green's function corresponding to the quantity of interest on the boundary. We investigate the effects of smoothing the data corresponding to the quantity of interest and explore the effective domain of dependence of the quantity. We relate this approach to previous work by M. F. Wheeler, G. F. Carey, I. Babuska et al., and M. Larson et al. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ligand‐Exchange Processes on Solvated Lithium Cations: DMSO and Water/DMSO Mixtures
Authors: Pasgreta Ewa , Puchta Ralph , Galle Michael , van Eikema Hommes Nico , Zahl Achim , van Eldik Rudi 
Published: May 2007

AbstractSolutions of LiClO4 in solvent mixtures consisting of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) and water, or DMSO and γ‐butyrolactone, were studied by 7Li NMR spectroscopy (for complexation by cryptands in γ‐butyrolactone as a solvent, see: E. Pasgreta, R. Puchta, M. Galle, N. J. R. van Eikema Hommes, A. Zahl, R. van Eldik, J. Incl. Phen., 2007, 58, 81–88). Chemical shifts indicate that the Li+ ion is coordinated by four DMSO molecules. In the binary solvent mixture of water and DMSO, no selective solvation is detected, thus indicating that on increasing the water content of the solvent mixture, DMSO is gradually displaced by water in the coordination sphere of Li+. The ligand‐exchange mechanism of Li+ ions solvated by DMSO and water/DMSO mixtures was studied using DFT calculations. Ligand exchange on [Li(DMSO)4]+ was found to follow a limiting associative (A) mechanism. The displacement of coordinated H2O by DMSO in [Li(H2O)4]+ follows an associative interchange mechanism. The suggested mechanisms are discussed in reference to available experimental and theoretical data.
Ab Initio Static and Molecular Dynamics Study of 4‐Styrylpyridine
Authors: Lawson Daku Latévi M. , Linares Jorge , Boillot Marie‐Laure 
Published: May 2007

AbstractWe report an in‐depth theoretical study of 4‐styrylpyridine in its singlet S0 ground state. The geometries and the relative stabilities of the trans and cis isomers were investigated within density functional theory (DFT) as well as within Hartree–Fock (HF), second‐order Møller–Plesset (MP2), and coupled cluster (CC) theories. The DFT calculations were performed using the B3LYP and PBE functionals, with basis sets of different qualities, and gave results that are very consistent with each other. The molecular structure is thus predicted to be planar at the energy minimum, which is associated with the trans conformation, and to become markedly twisted at the minimum of higher energy, which is associated with the cis conformation. The results of the calculations performed with the post‐HF methods approach those obtained with the DFT methods, provided that the level of treatment of the electronic correlation is high enough and that sufficiently flexible basis sets are used. Calculations carried out within DFT also allowed the determination of the geometry and the energy of the molecule at the biradicaloid transition state associated with the thermal cis⇄trans isomerization and at the transition states associated with the enantiomerization of the cis isomer and with the rotations of the pyridinyl and phenyl groups in the trans and cis isomers. Car–Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations were also performed at 50, 150, and 300 K using the PBE functional. The studies allowed us to evidence the highly flexible nature of the molecule in both conformations. In particular, the trans isomer was found to exist mainly in a nonplanar form at finite temperatures, while the rotation of the pyridinyl ring in the cis isomer was incidentally observed to take place within ≈1 ps during the simulation carried out at 150 K on this isomer.
Structure and Dynamics of a Discotic Liquid‐Crystalline Charge‐Transfer Complex
Authors: Kruglova Olga , Mendes Eduardo , Yildirim Zeynep , Wübbenhorst Michael , Mulder Fokko M. , Stride John A. , Picken Stephen J. , Kearley Gordon J. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThe structure of the charge‐transfer complex hexakis(n‐hexyloxy)triphenylene‐2,4,7‐trinitro‐9‐fluorenone (HAT6‐TNF) has been characterized by neutron scattering, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, and dielectric relaxation spectroscopy (DRS). On the basis of these data and the 1:1 stoichiometry, a consistent structure for the complex is proposed. This structure differs markedly from structures previously proposed for similar materials, because the TNF molecules are found to be situated between the discotic columns rather than sandwiched between the discotic molecules of a given column. The addition of TNF to HAT6 is found to stiffen the structure, and quasi‐elastic neutron scattering shows that the local dynamics of the discotic molecules in HAT6‐TNF is slowed by the presence of the TNF molecules. This scenario is consistent with the observation of two VFT‐type (VFT=Vogel–Fulcher–Tamman) dielectric relaxation processes that relate to the columnar glass transition and a polyethylene‐like hindered glass transition originating from the nano‐phase‐separated fraction of the aliphatic tails.
Regional cerebral blood flow after recovery from anorexia or bulimia nervosa
Authors: Frank Guido K. , Bailer Ursula F. , Meltzer Carolyn C. , Price Julie C. , Mathis Chester A. , Wagner Angela , Becker Carl , Kaye Walter H. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractObjective:Abnormalities of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) have been found in individuals who are ill with anorexia (AN) or bulimia nervosa (BN). Little is known about whether rCBF normalizes after recovery from AN and BN.Method:Eighteen control women (CW), 10 recovered restricting type AN, 8 recovered AN with a binging history, and 9 recovered BN participants without a history of AN were studied using positron emission tomography and [15O]water in order to assess rCBF.Results:Partial volume corrected rCBF values in cortical and subcortical brain regions were similar between groups. Neither current body mass index nor age correlated with rCBF values.Conclusion:The results from this study indicate that rCBF normalizes with long‐term recovery. Thus, altered rCBF is unlikely to confound functional imaging studies in AN or BN after recovery. © 2007 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2007.
Dynamic load balancing for the reduction of network traffic using network transferable computers
Authors: Hiyasuki Megumi , Inoue Shinji , Kakuda Yoshiaki , Toda Kenji , Suzaki Kuniyasu 
Published: May 2007

AbstractDynamic load balancing (DLB) making use ofnetwork transferable computers(NTC) and Mobile IP is a new approach to performing load balancing for network traffic. In client– server systems when access requests to a specific server become particularly high from time to time, excessive amounts of network traffic will be generated on the route connecting to the server. With a server that is receiving a high concentration of requests, the provision of a mirror server can help provide load balancing to deal with issues of host performance, but it is not necessarily the best approach when the objective is principally to balance the load of the traffic on the network. In the DLB approach, the server is given the capability to migrate across the network; the server can therefore be moved to a location from which the route over which request and response packets to the server are causing congestion can be avoided. Since this results in the corresponding traffic being eliminated from the given network route, it allows the load balancing of network traffic. The proposed method is constructed via the use of an NTC system, Mobile IP, and a server migration manager. The server migration manager system can provide the following functionality. First, it is able to analyze information obtained from the network in which the server is located and provide predictions necessary for determining migration decisions. Next it can determine whether or not the server should actually migrate and in the case that it does can determine the location to migrate to. We have conducted evaluations of this method in simulation experiments and confirmed that traffic was reduced on the targeted network route. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 90(11): 48– 60, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20345
On‐Off PVC Membrane Based Potentiometric Immunosensor for Label‐Free Detection of Alpha‐Fetoprotein
Authors: Zhou Lu , Yuan Ruo , Chai Yaqin 
Published: May 2007

AbstractA poly(vinylchloride) (PVC) membrane based potentiometric immunosensor for the direct detection of alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP) has been developed. First, Au colloid particle was chemisorbed upon amino groups of o‐phenylenediamine, which were dissolved in plasticized PVC membrane. Then alpha‐fetoprotein antibody (anti‐AFP) was immobilized upon the surface of the Au colloid particle to prepare a potentiometric AFP immunosensor. The Au colloid particle modified PVC membrane was characterized by digital photo and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The immunosensor exhibited fast potentiometric response (≤4 min) and showed specific response to AFP in the range of 4.9 to 158.5 ng/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.9971 and a detection limit of 1.6 ng/mL. The factors influencing the performance of the immunosensor were also studied in detail. Moreover, the proposed method is economical and efficient as well as potentially attractive for clinical immunoassays.
A unified approach to the analytical assessment of multi‐user diversity with imperfect channel state information: ergodic capacity and robustness analysis
Authors: Vicario José López , Antón‐Haro Carles 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we explore the combined use of spatial and multi‐user diversity (MUD) in a cellular system where the channel state information (CSI) available at the base station (BS) is subjected to imperfections. To do that, we consider a general statistical approach to describe the degree of CSI imperfection. By doing so, performance assessment is conducted for the generalised case in terms of ergodic system capacity, for which closed‐form expressions are derived. In order to gain some insight, practical examples are presented and spatial versus MUD trade‐offs are analytically assessed. Next, we analyse several design trade‐offs in terms of increased ergodic (long term) system capacity versus robustness to short‐term SNR fluctuations for the transmission schemes under consideration. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Introduction of lymphangiography and percutaneous embolization of the thoracic duct in a stepwise approach to the management of chylous fistulas
Authors: van Goor Arnoud T. , Kröger Robert , Klomp Houke M. , de Jong Marianne A. A. , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Balm Alfons J. M. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground.Chylous fistula occurring after head and neck or thoracic surgery is an uncommon but well‐described complication, with a reported incidence of 1% to 2.5%. Conservative management can be successful and consists of dietary measures combined with suction drainage. This article reports on percutaneous embolization of the thoracic duct through catheterization of the retroperitoneal lymph vessels.Methods.Two patients, in whom conservative management for cervical chylous fistula failed, underwent lymphangiography with opacification of the thoracic duct, followed by radioguided catheterization and embolization.Results.Embolization was successful in both patients. In 1 patient the procedure had to be repeated once to stop the chylous drainage.Conclusions.Radioguided percutaneous catheterization and embolization of the retroperitoneal lymph vessels offers an excellent treatment option for patients with persistent chylous fistulas after failure of conservative management. We revised our stepwise management protocol (de Gier, Head Neck 1996; 18:347–351) and now consider this procedure as the secondary intervention step. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 2007
Reducing poverty through fisheries co‐management: an analysis of design and intentions in Uganda
Authors: Nunan Fiona 
Published: May 2007

AbstractReducing poverty is the overarching policy objective in developing countries and so policies in all sectors are required to show how they will contribute to poverty reduction—fisheries included. Fisheries co‐management in Uganda has been designed to contribute to poverty reduction through development of an enabling policy framework; improving governance at community and lake wide levels; empowering marginalised stakeholders; and, improving benefits for women and the poor. Challenges for the realisation of poverty‐reduction objectives include financing implementation in a donor‐dependent environment; changing attitudes and securing commitment of local government officials and communities; and, ensuring that empowerment of the ‘marginalised’ is effective. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Adverse influence of brand commitment on consideration of and preference for competing brands
Authors: Desai Kalpesh Kaushik , Raju Sekar 
Published: May 2007

AbstractThis research investigates if commitment towards a target brand limits set size and preference towards competing brands in memory‐based consideration sets across three situations: (1) situations in which the situational goal matches the benefit offered by the target brand; (2) situations in which the situational goal matches the benefit offered by a competitor brand; and (3) situations in which a new benefit is introduced in the category for the first time. Findings confirm the set size and preference biases of committed consumers against a competitor brand in the first two situations. However, in the third situation, committed consumers favorably or unfavorably view the competitor brand depending on whether it is the first brand to introduce the new benefit in the category. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of different nucleating agents on crystallization of poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerates)
Authors: Qian Jun , Zhu Linyong , Zhang Jinwen , Whitehouse Robert S. 
Published: May 2007

AbstractIn this study, thymine and melamine were introduced as nucleating agents for poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerates) (PHBVs) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB), and their effects were compared with that of boron nitride (BN). Because the overall crystallization rate of PHBVs decreases significantly with the increase in the 3‐hydroxyvalerate comonomer content, the study focused on the crystallization of PHBVs. Isothermal crystallization kinetics of the neat PHBVs and the nucleated PHBVs were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The Avrami equation was derived and the parameters were assessed for the nucleation and crystal growth mechanism. The nucleation and crystal growth were examined using polarized optical microscopy. All nucleating agents had similar particle sizes and showed good dispersion in the polymer matrix, as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that BN and thymine significantly increased the overall crystallization rate for all PHBVs studied and demonstrated very similar nucleating effects. Melamine reacted with PHBVs and accelerated the thermal degradation, and hence was less effective in nucleating PHBVs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1564–1577, 2007