bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Compensatory Adaptation of Bicarbonate Excretion Following Acute Contralateral Kidney Exclusion in the Dog
Authors: Guignard J. ‐P. , Dirks J.H. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractChanges in the excretion of bicarbonate, sodium and potassium in one kidney after exclusion (complete sudden ligation of renal pedicle) of its partner have been studied in 16 dogs undergoing bicarbonate diuresis. Fluid balance, haematocrit, plasma electrolyte and protein concentrations were maintained constant throughout the experiment. Acute contralateral renal pedicle ligation lead to an immediate increase in bicarbonate as well as water, sodium and potassium excretion by the remaining kidney. The rapid and immediate increase in the fractional and absolute rates of bicarbonate excretion was observed at varying levels of bicarbonate loading, with the greatest response occurring at the highest infusion rate. Sodium, potassium and water excretion also increased in parallel with urinary bicarbonate loss. The increase in bicarbonate excretion was not accounted for by changes in extracellular fluid volume, plasma composition, glomerular filtration rate, effective renal plasma flow, aldosterone and vasopressin. In 8 sham‐operated animals, no abrupt increase in sodium and bicarbonate excretion occurred despite similar continued infusion of sodium bicarbonate. It was concluded that exclusion of one kidney induces immediate adaptive excretory changes for sodium and bicarbonate in the remaining kidney, and that these changes are not accounted for by any of the known factors normally regulating sodium and bicarbonate excretion.
Effects of Angiotensin II and Noradrenaline on Intrarenal Haemodynamies in the Rat*
Authors: Rentsch H. P. , Ayer G. , Valloton M. , Ziegler W. , Truniger B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe haemodynamic effects of angiotensin II and noradrenaline were studied in the rat kidney. These pressors were given by intravenous infusion in stepwise increasing doses. Intrarenal haemodynmaics were analyzed by the 13 3enon washout technique, 85krypton autoradiography and silastic casting of the renal vascular tree. Angiotensin II induced significant changes in intrarenal haemodynamies before any changes in systemic blood pressure were detected. The decrease in mean renal blood flow (2.91 ml.min‐1.g‐1 in controls, 1.76 ml.min‐1.g‐1 in rats given 50 μg of angiotensin Il.kg‐1.h‐1) reflects a reduction in component I blood flow rate (from 3.9 to 2.9 ml.min‐1.g‐1) as well as a decrease in the fraction of total renal blood flow supplied to component I of the washout curve (from 84% to 62%). With noradrenaline an increase in total renal resistance occurred simultaneously with the elevation of mean arterial blood pressure. The resulting reduction in mean renal blood flow (from 2.76 ml.min‐1.g‐1 in controls to 1.55 ml.min‐1.g‐1 in rats given 1000 yg of noradrenaline kg‐1. h‐1) reflects a decrease in component I blood flow rate with lower infusion rates and a drop in component I flow fraction (from 82% to 52%) with higher doses. In contrast to canine kidneys, no evidence for a patchy cortical vasoconstriction was found in the rat. Using autoradiography it was possible to attribute component I to the renal cortex and subcortical area of the kidney.
The Effect of Meal Feeding and of Sham‐Feeding on Insulin Secretion in Dogs
Authors: Fischer U. , Hommel H. , Gottschling H.‐D. , Nowak W. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractAfter feeding intact conscious dogs 1000 g mashed meat, peripheral venous immuno‐reactive insulin activity (IRI) increases before any enhancement of amino nitrogen concentration. This course of IRI is paralleled by a decrease of free fatty acids. Meal feeding in dogs, whose pancreatic juice is completely diverted from the gut by a fistula, is followed by a similar IRI increase without a distinct enhancement of amino nitrogen.
Observations on Lipid Metabolism in Chronic Renal Failure, During Conservative and Haemodialysis Therapy
Authors: Novarini A. , Zuliani U. , Bandini L. , Caronna S. , Montanari A. , Perinotto P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe main variables of glycolipid metabolism (blood non‐esterified fatty acids, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucose) have been measured in basal conditions in ura‐emic patients on conservative treatment and on dialysis of different duration and bath glucose concentration (no glucose, 1 g/1, 2 g/1).Basal values for the patients on conservative dietary treatment are not different from normal.In dialysed patients, the blood non‐esterified fatty acid and triglyceride concentrations are increased (p < 0.001) while cholesterol glucose and insulin levels are unchanged.No significant difference is found between the various types of dialysis, having different duration and bath glucose concentration.
Lecithin: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activity and Cholestyramine Resin Therapy in Man
Authors: Miller J. P. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractThe effect of the bile‐acid‐sequestering agent cholestyramine on esterification of plasma cholesterol has been studied in vitro. No change in the activity of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase was found by either of the two assay methods employed. Similarly the resin did not produce any significant change in the ability of plasma to act as substrate for a given lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase source. It is concluded that the frequently reported relationship between plasma cholesterol concentration and lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase activity does not represent cause and effect. Also other variables influenced by bile‐acid‐sequestering agents, such as hepatic cholesterol synthesis, are unlikely to be major determinants of plasma lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase activity.
The effects of digoxin and β‐methyldigoxin on the heart rate of decompensated patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: ANDERSSON K.‐E. , JOHANSSON B. W. , LEDERMANN H. , SCHENCK H. VON , THORELL J. I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Eighteen patients with atrial fibrillation were given digoxin 0.13 mg twice daily for 3 weeks and β‐methyldigoxin 0.10 mg twice daily for another 3 weeks. At the end of each 3 week period an exercise test was performed and the effects on the heart rate of the two drugs were compared. No difference in heart rate was obtained at rest, whereas the heart rate after 6 min of exercise was higher during treatment with digoxin (131 beats/min) than when the patients were taking β‐methyldigoxin (124 beats/min). There were no significant differences between digoxin and β‐methyldigoxin in their effects on the ECG (R‐R intervals, T‐wave, Q‐T duration). The plasma concentrations of the two glycosides were determined by radioimmunoassay and by 86Rb‐uptake inhibition assay. Comparable plasma concentration values (1.0 ng/ml for digoxin, 1.1 ng/ml for β‐methyldigoxin, mean values) were obtained by radioimmunoassay, but the 86Rb‐technique gave significantly higher values (mean 1.5 ng/ml) for β‐methyldigoxin.It is concluded that β‐methyldigoxin is equal to digoxin for producing slowing of the heart rate in patients with atrial fibrillation.
A latex agglutination test for rapid quantitative estimation of the plasmin–antiplasmin complex in human plasma
Authors: COLLEN D. , COCK F. DE , CAMBIASO C. L. , MASSON P. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. An antiserum was raised in rabbits against human plasmin‐antiplasmin complex and rendered specific for neoantigens of this complex by absorption with purified plasminogen and plasma. Polystyrene particles were coated with the specific antibodies and used in an agglutination test for the determination of plasmin‐antiplasmin complex in the plasma from various patients. Purified plasmin‐antiplasmin complex at a concentration of 0.1–0.2 mg/l was found to cause a clear agglutination of the particles.Activation of fresh human plasma with urokinase caused progressive generation of agglutinating activity up to a plasma dilution of 1/480. Intravenous infusion of streptokinase into patients resulted in an increase of the plasmin‐antiplasmin titre of at least 1/240. Sera from patients with rheumatoid factor also agglutinated the particles but this activity could be removed by absorbing rheumatoid factor on insolubilized human IgG.Out of 101 male and twenty‐three female control subjects, only three men had a plasmin‐antiplasmin titre above 1/16. Of 230 hospitalized patients, plasmin‐antiplasmin titres of 1/40 or more were detected in twenty‐five patients. Most of these patients had diseases which are frequently associated with in vivo coagulation or fibrinolysis, but among them there was only one who showed diffuse intravascular coagulation detectable by classical methods. In the absence of an increased plasmin‐antiplasmin titre none of the haemostasis analyses were indicative of in vivo coagulation or fibrinolysis. Seven out of eight patients with diffuse intravascular coagulation of various origin had plasmin‐antiplasmin titres of 1/80 or 1/160.Thus, the present latex agglutination test, owing to its simplicity and sensitivity, appears to be a practical routine screening test for detecting fibrinolytic activation in plasma.
Metabolism of antithrombin III (heparin cofactor) in man: effects of venous thrombosis and of heparin administration
Authors: COLLEN D. , SCHETZ J. , COCK F. DE , HOLMER E. , VERSTRAETE M. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The metabolism of human antithrombin III (heparin cofactor) was studied in four control subjects, in four subjects with peripheral obliterative arterial disease, in six patients with recent venous thrombosis and in one patient with clinically severe haemophilia A. The labelled antithrombin III had a high specific activity (5.75 units/mg) and displayed a single band on SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. On Sephadex G‐100 gel filtration the labelled material eluted in the same position as the antithrombin III activity in plasma. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis of a mixture of fresh plasma and labelled antithrombin III against a specific antiserum, revealed a single precipitin line in which radioactivity was concentrated. The changes in electrophoretic mobility of both the plasma antithrombin III and the labelled material following the addition of heparin to the mixture or following coagulation were identical. The purified antithrombin III behaved as a homogeneous protein in the turnover experiments. The plasma radioactivity data were approximated by a sum of two exponential terms and the metabolism of antithrombin III represented by a two compartment mammillary model.Results in the control subjects were as follows: plasma antithrombin III concentration 19.6±2.3 mg/100 ml; intravascular fraction 0.45±0.05; fractional catabolic rate 0.55±0.02 of the plasma pool per day; half‐life of the plasma radioactivity 2.83±0.26 days. Circulating large molecular weight degradation products of labelled antithrombin III could not be detected by Sephadex G‐100 gel filtration. No significant differences in these parameters were found in the patients with peripheral arterial insufficiency. The turnover rate of antithrombin III was normal in the patient with haemophilia A.In three patients with venous thrombosis not treated with heparin, the turnover of labelled antithrombin III was in the normal range. In three patients with venous thrombosis, treated with heparin, the plasma radioactivity half‐life was significantly shortened (2.13±0.08 days) and the fractional catabolic rate increased (0.75±0.05 of the plasma pool per day). In one of these patients, the labelled antithrombin III had been incubated with an equimolar amount of heparin prior to injection. In this patient the plasma radioactivity half‐life was in the same range as in the other two patients (2.15 days).
The influence of phentolamine, an adrenergic blocking agent, on insulin secretion during surgery
Authors: NAKAO KAZUYASU , MIYATA MASAHIKO 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. A rapid intravenous glucose load (20 g) was given with a phentolamine infusion during and after elective abdominal surgery. Plasma levels of glucose, free fatty acids, and insulin were measured to investigate the influence of surgical stress on insulin secretion.When Ringer's lactate solution was infused into a control group of subjects during surgery, plasma levels of insulin did not change during and after the surgery while plasma levels of glucose and free fatty acids increased gradually during this period. Similar results were also noted in another control group in whom only Ringer's lactate solution and phentolamine had been infused. This evidence suggests that insulin secretion responding to endogenous hyperglycaemia is suppressed during surgery.In the group which was given the glucose load during infusion of only Ringer's lactate solution, plasma levels of insulin significantly increased soon after the glucose load and then gradually decreased. In another group which was given the glucose load during infusion of Ringer's lactate and phentolamine, plasma levels of insulin also increased significantly after the glucose load and remained elevated during surgery. The maximum increment of plasma insulin after the glucose load in the latter group was significantly higher than that in the former group.From these results it is suggested that suppression of insulin secretion by surgical stress is inhibited by the alpha blocking agent phentolamine.
Alterations of lipid metabolism in healthy volunteers during long‐term ethanol intake
Authors: BELFRAGE PER , BERG BERTEL , HÄGERSTRAND INGA , NILSSON‐EHLE PETER , TORNQVIST HANS , WIEBE THOMAS 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Nine young, healthy male volunteers were given ethanol (75 g/day) for 5 weeks. The ethanol was divided into five daily doses and taken so that blood ethanol levels never exceeded 0.04% (w/v).During the latter part of the ethanol intake period, there was a significant, transient increase of plasma triglyceride (TG) concentrations followed by reduction to normal levels. A three‐fold increase of lipoprotein lipase activity (LLA) occurred in biopsy specimens of adipose tissue. An increase of α‐lipoprotein concentrations, which correlated significantly with the decrease in plasma TG levels and the increase in adipose LLA, was also observed during the ethanol intake period. No changes were observed in plasma cholesterol and β‐lipoprotein levels.A transient, three‐fold increase of TG concentrations occurred in liver biopsy specimens. Ultrastructural and cytochemical examinations of the biopsy specimens showed hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and increased canallicular activity of γ‐glutamyl transferase (γ‐GT) activity in most subjects towards the end of and after the ethanol intake period. Serum γ‐GT levels also increased significantly.
Mechanism of oestrogen and progesterone effects on lipid and carbohydrate metabolism: alteration in the insulin: glucagon molar ratio and hepatic enzyme activity
Authors: MANDOUR T. , KISSEBAH A. H. , WYNN V. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. As in women receiving oestrogens the administration of 17β‐oestradiol to ovariectomized female rats caused a rise in fasting plasma triglycerides and a fall in plasma glucose. Progesterone, on the other hand, had no significant effects.In the oestradiol treated rats, the portal vein basal insulin levels were slightly reduced. Oestradiol, however, had a marked suppressive effect on the alpha cells of the pancreas resulting in a greater reduction in basal glucagon and impaired glucagon response to alanine infusions. The relative insulin to glucagon (I/G) molar concentration ratio in portal vein blood was increased. Oestradiol also produced a dose dependent increase in the activity of the liver lipogenic enzymes, acetyl CoA carboxylase and fatty acid synthetase. On the other hand, the activity of the gluconeogenic rate limiting enzyme phosphoenol‐pyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) was inhibited. The cross‐over pattern of gluconeogenic intermediates confirmed inhibition of gluconeogenesis at this step, an effect which is similar to that induced by relative insulin ‘excess’.Progesterone produced an increase in the portal vein insulin concentrations. Both the basal and the alanine‐stimulated glucagon levels were also increased. The I/G molar ratio in portal vein blood of progesterone treated rats remained unaltered and the hepatic lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzyme activities were similar to control animals.These data suggest that insulin activity is increased relative to glucagon in the liver of oestradiol‐treated rats due to the rise in portal vein I/G ratio. The changes in liver lipogenic and gluconeogenic enzymes and the alterations in fasting plasma triglycerides and glucose in response to oestrogens could be secondary to this effect.
Lipoprotein‐X: a substrate for lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase
Authors: PATSCH JOSEF R. , SOUTAR ANNE K. , MORRISETT JOEL D. , GOTTO ANTONIO M. , SMITH LOUIS C. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The action of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) was studied on an abnormal lipoprotein (LP‐X) rich in phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol from the plasma of patients with obstructive liver disease. 60 mg LP‐X isolated free of other lipoproteins and subsequently labelled with 3H‐cholesterol were incubated with 1 mg highly purified enzyme in the presence of albumin. After 45 h at 37°C, the incubation mixture was subjected to zonal ultracentrifugation. 3H‐cholesteryl esters were quantified in each fraction of the zonal gradient. More than 95% of the lipoproteins in this mixture banded in the density range of LP‐X with no change in size distribution, but did contain 593 nmoles of newly formed cholesteryl esters. Agarose electrophoresis revealed an α‐migrating band in addition to the original β‐band. Also, on agar, the typically cathode migrating LP‐X was changed to anode moving material.These studies indicate that LP‐X can serve as a substrate for LCAT.
Studies on the biosynthesis of albumin and proteins in human liver tissue
Authors: LUNDHOLM KENT , SCHERSTÉ TORE , LINDSTEDT GÖRAN , LUNDBERG PER‐ARNE 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The incorporation rate of leucine into albumin and the incorporation rate of leucine into hepatic proteins were determined in human liver tissue slices.Leucine was linearly incorporated into hepatic tissue albumin, into albumin released into the incubation medium, and into hepatic proteins during 4 h incubation. Amino acids stimulated the albumin and hepatic protein synthesis in vitro and in vivo. The incorporation rate of leucine into hepatic albumin and tissue proteins was correlated to hepatic RNA concentration.In twenty‐one experiments the mean incorporation rate of leucine into hepatic tissue immunoreactive albumin was 5.1±0.6 μmol leucine h‐1 g albumin‐1 (mean±; SEM), and 0.87±;0.17 μmol leucine h‐1 g albumin‐1 into albumin released to the incubation medium. By crossed immunoelectrophoresis, the hepatic immunoreactive albumin could be partly resolved into two components one of which migrated at the same rate and the other at a lower rate than serum albumin. Treatment of the slowly migrating component with a low concentration of trypsin changed its mobility to that of serum albumin. Gel filtration through Sephadex G‐100 of the slowly migrating fraction showed that it had similar molecular size as that of serum albumin. The results support the hypothesis that human hepatic albumin biosynthesis involves a polypeptide precursor similar to that described for the rat liver.
Total serum haemolytic complement activity, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and plasma fibrinogen as indicators of the stage in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: WAGENER D. J. THEO , HAANEN CLEMENS 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. Total serum haemolytic complement activity, plasma fibrinogen, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and other biological values in forty‐three patients with Hodgkin's disease were correlated with results of staging.A highly significant increase (P = 10‐5) of the mean total serum haemolytic complement activity was found in stages IIIA and IVA and in all stages with systemic symptoms. The complement activity in patients with less extensive disease without systemic symptoms (stages IA and IIA) did not show a significant increase over the controls.The best initial parameters correlating well with disease activity were complement activity, ESR and fibrinogen level. It is concluded that total serum haemolytic complement activity gives additional information and can be helpful in differentiating between favourable and unfavourable forms of Hodgkin's disease.
Immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in human skin, serum and synovial fluid: changes in the content and components with age
Authors: TUDERMAN LEENA , KIVIRIKKO KARI I. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The concentration of immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase was measured in human skin, serum and synovial fluid. In skin concentrations of the immunoreactive enzyme protein and the enzyme activity were highest in foetuses, at an intermediate level in 0–1‐year‐old children and lowest in adults. About 13–19% of the enzyme protein in foetal skin was in the active form compared with 2–4% in the adult. Concentrations of immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in serum were lower than in skin and no changes were found with age. The concentration of immunoreactive prolyl hydroxylase in synovial fluid of the knee joint in patients with traumatic effusion was about half that found in serum.The ratio of enzyme tetramer, which is the active form of the enzyme, to the total immunoreactive protein was studied by gel filtration. In foetal skin, about 15–20% of the total immunoreactive protein was present in tetramer form, and a good correlation was found between the ratio of enzyme tetramer to the total immunoreactive protein and the ratio of enzymic activity to the concentration of total immunoreactive enzyme. Small amounts of enzyme tetramer were found in the serum and synovial fluid. The data suggest that the activity of prolyl hydroxylase in human tissues may be partly controlled by a mechanism involving changes in the ratio of the active enzyme tetramer to total enzyme protein.
The regulation of sterol biosynthesis in leucocytes of subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia
Authors: HIGGINS M. J. P. , GALTON D. J. 
Published: March 2008

Abstract. The regulation of sterol synthesis and 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl CoA reductase (HMG‐CoA reductase) activity in leucocytes has been studied in seventy‐five subjects of whom thirteen had familial hypercholesterolaemia (heterozygous). The activity of HMG‐CoA reductase in leucocytes was closely parallel to the incorporation of 14C‐acetate into sterols over a wide range of activities, suggesting that the enzyme is ratedetermining for the pathway. When six obese subjects were placed on an acaloric diet for 7 days sterol synthesis declined by 75% in adipocytes but was unaffected in leucocytes. A low cholesterol diet (< 250 mg/day) for 7 days did not affect sterol synthesis in either cell type.In subjects with familial hypercholesterolaemia (heterozygous) the enzyme tended to increase to higher levels than controls when leucocytes were incubated in a lipid‐deficient medium; but a more marked abnormality was a failure of suppression of the enzyme when leucocytes from affected subjects were returned for 8 h to a medium containing low‐density lipoprotein. In one kindred the index patient with severe heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia had a normally regulated enzyme whereas his affected siblings (brother and sister) showed incomplete suppression of the enzyme by low‐density lipoprotein.It is concluded that loss of regulation of HMG‐CoA reductase may be phenotypically linked to the origin of familial hypercholesterolaemia and in most cases provides a useful genetic marker for the disease.