bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dynamic expression patterns of G protein‐regulated inducer of neurite outgrowth 1 (GRIN1) and its colocalization with Gαo implicate significant roles of Gαo‐GRIN1 signaling in nervous system
Authors: Masuho Ikuo , Mototani Yasumasa , Sahara Yoshinori , Asami Junko , Nakamura Shun , Kozasa Tohru , Inoue Takayoshi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractGRIN1 (Gprin 1) is a signaling molecule coexpression of which with constitutively active form of Gαo can stimulate neurite extensions in Neuro2a cells, yet its in vivo roles remain elusive. Here, we examine expression profiles of GRIN1 during mouse development by in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemistry. ISH analysis revealed that GRIN1 expression was limited to the nervous system at all developmental stages tested: in the central nervous system, GRIN1 expression occurred within the entire embryonic mantle zones, while it became restricted to sets of nuclei at postnatal to adult stages. Immunohistochemistry using a GRIN1‐specific antibody demonstrated that GRIN1 colocalized with Gαo at neuronal dendrites and axons, but it was not detected in glial cells. These results suggest that Gαo‐GRIN1 pathway could mediate significant roles in neuronal migration and differentiation at embryonic stages and exert functions in wiring and/or maintenance of specific neural circuitries at postnatal to adult stages. Developmental Dynamics 237:2415–2429, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline transgenesis of zebrafish using the medaka Tol1 transposon system
Authors: Koga Akihiko , Cheah Felicia S.H. , Hamaguchi Satoshi , Yeo Gare Hoon , Chong Samuel S. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTol1 is a DNA‐based transposable element first identified from an albino mutant medaka fish. It has been demonstrated to function as an efficient gene transfer vector in mammalian cells. We now demonstrate Tol1 germline transgenesis in zebrafish. A construct containing the green fluorescence protein (GFP) reporter gene inserted between the Tol1 arms was microinjected together with Tol1 transposase mRNA into fertilized eggs. Sustained GFP expression was observed in 88% of 1‐month‐old fish, suggesting efficient transposon integration into somatic cells. Eleven of 24 adult GFP‐positive fish yielded GFP‐positive progeny. Sequencing analysis of Tol1 insertion sites in GFP‐positive progeny confirmed Tol1 transposition‐mediated integrations into zebrafish chromosomes. We also observed functional independence of the Tol1 transposase‐substrate system from that of Tol2, another medaka‐derived transposon. Coupled with its previously demonstrated maximal cargo capacity of >20 kb, Tol1 could serve as a useful addition to the zebrafish genetic engineering toolbox. Developmental Dynamics 237:2466–2474, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Approach for wide use of diagnostic method for XLPE cables using harmonics in AC loss current
Authors: Tsujimoto Tomiyuki , Nakade Masahiko , Yagi Yukihiro , Ishii Noboru 
Published: August 2008

AbstractA water tree is one aspect of the degradation of XLPE cables used for underground distribution or transmission lines. We have developed the loss current method using the third harmonic in AC loss current for cable diagnosis. The harmonic components in loss current arise as a result of the nonlinear voltage– current characteristics of water trees. We confirmed that the third harmonic in the AC loss current has good correlation with respect to water tree growth and breakdown strength. After that, we applied this method to the actual 66‐kV XLPE cable lines. Up to now, results on over 130 lines have been obtained. In the case of cable lines terminated at gas‐insulated switchgear (GIS), we have to remove the lightning arrestor (LA) and the potential transformer (PT) from the test circuit. The reason is that we are afraid that each LA and PT disturbs the degradation signal from cable lines. It requires extra time (1 or 2 days) and costs more to remove the LA and PT in GIS from a circuit. In order to achieve easy and reasonable diagnosis, we have developed a new method for cable lines terminated at GIS by utilizing a technique that enables one to cancel the signal of the LA and PT from disturbed signal of the cable lines. We confirmed the effect of the new method through experiments with actual cables. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 52–59, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20510
Maximum capacity of distributed generators connected to a distribution system with a step voltage regulator, as determined with an electric power density model
Authors: Kubota Yoshiyuki , Genji Takamu 
Published: August 2008

AbstractIn a distribution system containing a step voltage regulator (SVR), the maximum capacity of distributed generators (DGs) is calculated for DGs completely dispersed on a distribution line. The maximum capacity of the DGs is calculated under the constraint of an upper or lower voltage regulation value and an allowable current value by using voltage and current profiles expressed analytically in terms of our proposed power density model. As the voltage control method for the SVRs, we consider the conventional SVR, whose transformation ratio is fixed to 1 if it detects reverse power flow, and a reverse power flow SVR which operates appropriately even if it detects reverse power flow.Calculation of the maximum capacity of DGs with respect to the power factor of the DGs indicates which parameters, including the power factor of the DGs, the distribution of the DGs, and the load, influence the maximum DG capacity. Calculation of the maximum capacity of DGs versus the system length indicates that the constraints can be subdivided into two modes in the conventional SVR and four modes in the reverse power flow SVR. The maximum DG capacity in the system with a reverse power flow SVR is larger than that in a system with the conventional SVR. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 41–51, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20591
Automatic generation of IC component configuration data
Authors: Esaki Hirotake , Kagii Kiyoyuki , Umezaki Taizo , Horikoshi Tetsumi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractChip mounters and surface mount device (SMD) inspection systems use image processing techniques for the placement of SMDs onto printed circuit boards (PCB) and the inspection of SMDs. Such techniques require the component configuration data which define the shape of SMDs; however, the creation of this data is currently not automated. The goal of this paper is to offer a system that generates component configuration data automatically by processing images of SMDs. There are several target components, such as IC, BGA (ball grid array), chips, connectors, etc., for which data can be generated. In this paper we will focus on generation of data for IC components. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 76–83, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20686
Free electron laser induced forward transfer method of biomaterial for marking
Authors: Suzuki Kaoru 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBiomaterial, such as chitosan and poly lactic acid, containing a fluorescence agent was deposited onto biologic hard tissue, such as teeth, the claws of dogs or cats, or a sapphire substrate by free electron laser induced forward transfer method for direct write marking. Spin‐coated biomaterial with the fluorescence agent Rhodamin 6G or zinc phthalocyanine target on a sapphire plate was ablated by a free electron laser (resonance absorption wavelength of biomaterial: 3380 nm). In particular, the influence of the spin‐coating film‐forming temperature on hardness and adhesion strength of the biomaterial is studied. The effect of resonance excitation of the biomaterial target by turning the free electron laser is discussed with respect to damage in terms of biomaterial, rhodamin‐6G, or zinc phthalocyanine for direct write marking. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 165(4): 60–66, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20795
Syntheses of D‐Labelled Oxidative Metabolites of Acrylamide and Acrylonitrile for the Quantification of Their Toxicities in Humans (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 26/2008)
Authors: Belov Vladimir N. , Korneev Sergei M. , Angerer Jürgen , de Meijere Armin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe cover picture shows data on the total world‐wide industrial production of acrylonitrile and acrylamide. These monomers were found to be carcinogenic in rats, mutagenic in E. coli, harmful to blood and to the liver, as well as to the immuno, neuro, reproductive and respiratory systems. Their enzymatic epoxidation to even more poisonous oxiranes is believed to be responsible for the carcinogenic activity. In vivo, cyano‐ or carbamoyloxiranes readily react with glutathione and at the end of this metabolic path yield two regioisomeric S‐alkylated N‐acetylcysteins (see cover picture). Both acrylonitrile and acrylamide are present in cigarette smoke. Acrylamide has also been found in various starchy foods such as the ones shown, which have been roasted or baked. Though the possible risk of such food to public health is unclear, dietary intake of acrylamide contributes a lot to overall human exposure. For quantification of the oxidative metabolites of acrylonitrile and acrylamide in humans, two sets of the regioisomeric reference compounds were synthesized with deuterium labels. They may be used as “ideal” internal standards in all toxicological studies aimed at quantitative determination and product distribution of oxidative urinary metabolites of acrylonitrile and acrylamide. Details are discussed in the article by A. de Meijere et al. on p. 4417 ff. The authors acknowledge the support of this work by Irene Böttcher‐Gajewski (Göttingen), who provided the photographical content of the cover picture.
X‐Ray Structure Analyses of syn/anti‐Conformers of N‐Furfuroyl‐, N‐Benzoyl‐, and N‐Picolinoyl‐Substituted (2R)‐Bornane‐10,2‐sultam Derivatives
Authors: Koszewska Karolina , Piątek Anna , Chapuis Christian , Jurczak Janusz 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe synthesis and the X‐ray structure of the three new N‐(arylcarbonyl)‐substituted derivatives 2a–2c of (2R)‐bornane‐10,2‐sultam are presented and discussed. Direct comparison of the solid‐state analyses shows that the dipole‐directed SO2/CO anti‐/syn‐conformations may be very sensitive to weak electronic/electrostatic repulsions of the heteroatom lone pairs. The optimum interactions are reached when the lone pair of the β‐positioned heteroatom is oriented in the O(3)C(11)N(1) plane. Such rare syn‐conformations may be observed with at least up to 1.8 kcal/mol higher energy as compared to their ground states. Additionally, these anti/syn‐conformations are also very sensitive to external influences such as, for example, the crystal‐packing forces.
Two New C21 Steroidal Glycosides from the Stems of Marsdenia tenacissima
Authors: Zhang Hua , Tan Ai‐Min , Feng Feng , Yang Shi‐Bao , Zhang An‐Yuan , Huang Xin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwo new pregnane glycosides, (3β,5α,12β,14β,17α)‐3‐(β‐cymaropyranosyloxy)‐8,14,17,20‐tetrahydroxypregnan‐12‐yl benzoate (1) and (3β,5α,12β,14β,17α)‐3‐(β‐cymaropyranosyloxy)‐8,14,17,20‐tetrahydroxypregnan‐12‐yl cinnamate (2) were isolated from the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima. The structures and relative configurations of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy.
Retention Behavior of Neutral and Positively and Negatively Charged Solutes on an Immobilized‐Artificial‐Membrane (IAM) Stationary Phase
Authors: Liu Xiangli , Hefesha Hossam , Scriba Gerhard , Fahr Alfred 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe retention behavior of neutral, positively charged, and negatively charged solutes on the IAM.PC.DD2 stationary phase was investigated and compared. A set of monofunctional compounds and complex drugs (steroids, nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs, and β‐blockers) were selected for this study, i.e., neutral solutes and solutes with acidic or basic functionalities which are positively charged or negatively charged at pH 7.0. The correlation between the retention factor log kw at pH 7.0 on the IAM.PC.DD2 stationary phase and the partition coefficient log Poct or the distribution coefficient log D7.0 showed that the retention mechanism depends on the charge state and structural characteristics of the compounds. The neutrals were least retained on the IAM.PC.DD2 stationary phase, and positively charged solutes were more retained than negatively charged ones. This implies that the retention of the charged solutes is controlled not only by lipophilicity but also by the electrostatic interaction with the phospholipid, with which positively charged solutes interact more strongly than negatively charged ones.
Three New Lanostane Triterpenoids, Inonotsutriols A, B, and C, from Inonotus obliquus
Authors: Taji Sayaka , Yamada Takeshi , Tanaka Reiko 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThree new lanostane‐type triterpenoids, inonotsutriols A (1), B (2), and C (3) were isolated from the sclerotia of Inonotus obliquus (Pers.: Fr.) (Japanese name: kabanoanatake; Russian name: chaga). Their structures were determined to be (3β,21R,24S)‐21,24‐cyclolanost‐8‐ene‐3,21,25‐triol (1), (3β,21R,24R)‐21,24‐cyclolanost‐8‐ene‐3,21,25‐triol (2), and (3β,21R,24S)‐21,24‐cyclolanosta‐7,9(11)‐diene‐3,21,25‐triol (3) on the basis of NMR spectroscopy including 1D and 2D experiments (1H,1H‐COSY, NOESY, HMQC, and HMBC) and EI‐MS.
Synthesis and Evaluation of Paromomycin Derivatives Modified at C(4′)
Authors: Pathak Rashmi , Perez‐Fernandez Déborah , Nandurdikar Rahul , Kalapala Sarath K. , Böttger Erik C. , Vasella Andrea 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl moiety (ring I) of paromomycin was replaced by a 2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl, 2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl, 2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl, or 3,4,5‐trideoxy‐4‐aza‐α‐D‐erythro‐heptoseptanosyl moiety to investigate the effect of the substituent at C(4′) on the interaction with ribosomal RNA. The triflate 6 was prepared from the key intermediate pentaazido 3′,6′‐dibenzyl ether 5, and the hexosulose 10 was obtained by oxidation of 5 with Dess–Martin's periodinane. Stereoselective reduction of 10 with NaBH4 gave the alcohol 11 that was transformed into the triflate 12. The epimeric hexaazides 7 and 13 were obtained by treating the triflates 6 and 12, respectively, with tetrabutylammonium azide. Periodate cleavage of glycol 2 yielded the dialdehyde 24 that was reductively aminated with aniline and benzylamine to give the 3,4,5‐trideoxy‐4‐aza‐α‐D‐erythro‐heptoseptanosides 25 and 26, respectively. Standard azide reduction and debenzylation yielded 9 (2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl ring I), 13 (2‐amino‐2‐deoxy‐α‐D‐galactopyranosyl ring I), 17 (2,4‐diamino‐2,4‐dideoxy‐α‐D‐glucopyranosyl ring I), and 27 and 28 (3,4,5‐trideoxy‐4‐aza‐α‐D‐erythro‐heptoseptanosyl ring I). The derivatives 9 and 13 possessing a D‐galacto‐configured ring I were less active than the corresponding D‐gluco‐analogues 17 and paromomycin (1), respectively. The C(4′)‐aminodeoxy derivative 17 (D‐gluco ring I) and the known 4′‐deoxyparomomycin (23), prepared by a new route, displayed slightly lower antibacterial activities than paromomycin (1). Cell‐wall permeability is not responsible for the unexpectedly low activity for 17, as shown by cell‐free translation assays. The results evidence that the orientation of the substituent at C(4′) is more important than its nature for drug binding and activity.
Cadinane‐Type Sesquiterpenoids, Strobilols E – K, from the Liquid Culture of Strobilurus ohshimae
Authors: Hiramatsu Fuminori , Murayama Tetsuya , Koseki Takuya , Okada Katsuhide , Shiono Yoshihito 
Published: August 2008

AbstractNew cadinane sequiterpenoids, strobilols E–K (5–11, resp.) have been isolated from a liquid culture of Strobilurus ohshimae. Their structures have been established on the basis of spectral analyses.
The prognostic value of serum S100B in patients with cutaneous melanoma: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Mocellin Simone , Zavagno Giorgio , Nitti Donato 
Published: August 2008

AbstractS100B protein detected in the serum of patients with cutaneous melanoma has been long reported as a prognostic biomarker. However, no consensus exists on its implementation in the routine clinical setting. This study aimed to comprehensively and quantitatively summarize the evidence on the suitability of serum S100B to predict patients' survival. Twenty‐two series enrolling 3393 patients with TNM stage I to IV cutaneous melanoma were reviewed. Standard meta‐analysis methods were applied to evaluate the overall relationship between S100B serum levels and patients' survival (meta‐risk). Serum S100B positivity was associated with significantly poorer survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.92–2.58, p < 0.0001). Between‐study heterogeneity was significant, which appeared to be related mainly to dissemination bias and the inclusion of patients with stage IV disease. Considering stage I to III melanoma (n = 1594), the meta‐risk remained highly significant (HR = 2.28, 95% CI: 1.8–2.89; p < 0.0001) and studies' estimates were homogeneous. Subgroup analysis of series reporting multivariate survival analysis supported S100B as a prognostic factor independent of the TNM staging system. Our findings suggest that serum S100B detection has a clinically valuable independent prognostic value in patients with melanoma, with particular regard to stage I‐III disease. Further investigation focusing on this subset of patients is justified and warranted before S100B can be implemented in the routine clinical management of melanoma. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The n‐ordered graphs: A new graph class
Authors: Bonato Anthony , Janssen Jeannette , Wang Changping 
Published: August 2008

AbstractFor a positive integer n, we introduce the new graph class of n‐ordered graphs, which generalize partial n‐trees. Several characterizations are given for the finite n‐ordered graphs, including one via a combinatorial game. We introduce new countably infinite graphs R(n), which we name the infinite random n‐ordered graphs. The graphs R(n) play a crucial role in the theory of n‐ordered graphs, and are inspired by recent research on the web graph and the infinite random graph. We characterize R(n) as a limit of a random process, and via an adjacency property and a certain folding operation. We prove that the induced subgraphs of R(n) are exactly the countable n‐ordered graphs. We show that all countable groups embed in the automorphism group of R(n). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 204–218, 2009
Excluding a bipartite circle graph from line graphs
Authors: Oum Sang‐il 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe prove that, for a fixed bipartite circle graph H, all line graphs with sufficiently large rank‐width (or clique‐width) must have a pivot‐minor isomorphic to H. To prove this, we introduce graphic delta‐matroids. Graphic delta‐matroids are minors of delta‐matroids of line graphs and they generalize graphic and cographic matroids. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 60: 183–203, 2009
Automated radiosynthesis of N‐(4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl)‐2‐bromoacetamide: an F‐18‐labeled reagent for the prosthetic radiolabeling of oligonucleotides
Authors: Koslowsky Ingrid , Shahhosseini Soraya , Wilson John , Mercer John 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe potential for radiolabeled antisense oligonucleotides to image gene expression combined with the enhanced resolution of positron‐emission tomography justifies the continued interest in the development of oligonucleotides tagged with positron‐emitting radionuclides. The radiolabeling of oligonucleotides is a multi‐step process and may require handling large amounts of radioactivity initially. A previously reported method for radiolabeling oligonucleotides with N‐(4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl)‐2‐bromoacetamide was adapted for use in a commercially available automated synthesis unit by linking two reaction trains. The yield of N‐(4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl)‐2‐bromoacetamide ranged from 3 to 18% and the synthesis was completed within 1 h. Challenges in using this unit included the maintenance of anhydrous conditions for the effective reduction of 4‐[18F]fluorobenzonitrile. Preliminary results indicated that a mean yield of 36% could be obtained upon incubation of an oligonucleotide with N–(4‐[18F]fluorobenzyl)‐2‐bromoacetamide. The entire synthesis could be performed within 3 h. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantification of astrocyte volume changes during ischemia in situ reveals two populations of astrocytes in the cortex of GFAP/EGFP mice
Authors: Benesova Jana , Hock Miroslav , Butenko Olena , Prajerova Iva , Anderova Miroslava , Chvatal Alexander 
Published: August 2008

AbstractEnergy depletion during ischemia leads to disturbed ionic homeostasis and accumulation of neuroactive substances in the extracellular space, subsequently leading to volume changes in astrocytes. Confocal microscopy combined with 3D reconstruction was used to quantify ischemia‐induced astrocyte volume changes in cortical slices of GFAP/EGFP transgenic mice. Twenty‐minutes of oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) or oxygen‐glucose deprivation combined with acidification (OGDpH 6.8) revealed the presence of two distinct astrocytic populations, the first showing a large volume increase (HR astrocytes) and the second displaying a small volume increase (LR astrocytes). In addition, changes in resting membrane potential (Vm), measured by the patch‐clamp technique, supported the existence of two astrocytic populations responding differently to ischemia. Although one group markedly depolarized during OGD or OGDpH 6.8, only small changes in Vm toward more negative values were observed in the second group. Conversely, acidification (ACFpH 6.8) led to a uniform volume decrease in all astrocytes, accompanied by only a small depolarization. Interestingly, two differently responding populations were not detected during acidification. Differences in the expression of inwardly rectifying potassium channels (Kir4.1), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and taurine levels in cortical astrocytes were detected using immunohistochemical methods. We conclude that two distinct populations of astrocytes are present in the cortex of GFAP/EGFP mice, based on volume and Vm changes during exposure to OGD or OGDpH 6.8. Immunohistochemical analysis suggests that the diverse expression of Kir4.1 channels and GFAP as well as differences in the accumulation of taurine might contribute to the distinct ability of astrocytes to regulate their volume. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.