bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of the Intramedullary Polypropylene Peg for Joint Stabilization in Leprosy
Authors: FINSETH FREDERICK , HARRISON STEWART 
Published: March 2006

Joint arthrodesis is indicated when motion in a joint cannot be restored, and that joint requires stabilization in an optimal functional position. The Harrison Intramedullary peg has been used to advantage for this purpose in hand reconstruction in leprosy in a rural developing area. It is a method to be considered for selected cases requiring joint stabilization to improve total hand function.
Congenital Absence of the Flexor Pollicis Longus — A Case Report —
Authors: MIURA TAKAYUKI 
Published: March 2006

Congenital absence of the flexor pollicis Iongus, associated with hypoplasia of the thumb, is an unusual anomaly. A case of congenital absence of the flexor pollicis longus without hypoplasia or aplasia of the thumb and thenar muscles, which is described, is very rare. Surgical treatment for the transfer of the ring finger flexor superficialis tendon to provide the thumb interphalangeal joint with flexion resulted in a significant improvement in pinch.
A contribution towards simplifying area-wide tsetse surveys using medium resolution meteorological satellite data
Authors: Hendrickx G. , Napala A. , Slingenbergh J.H.W. , De Deken R. , Rogers D.J. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA raster or grid-based Geographic Information System with data on tsetse, trypanosomiasis, animal production, agriculture and land use has recently been developed in Togo. The area-wide sampling of tsetse fly, aided by satellite imagery, is the subject of two separate papers. This paper on a first paper, published in this journal, describing the generation of digital tsetse distribution and abundance maps and how these accord with the local climatic and agro-ecological setting. Such maps when combined with data on the disease, the hosts and their owners, should contribute the knowledge of the spatial epidemiology of trypanosomiasis and assist planning of integrated control operations. Here we address the problem of generating tsetse distribution and abundance maps from remotely sensed data, using a restricted amount of field data. Different discriminant models have been applied using contemporary tsetse data and remotely sensed, low resolution data acquired from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and Meteosat platforms. The results confirm the potential of satellite data application and multivariate for the prediction of the tsetse distribution and abundance. This opens up new avenues because satellite predictions and field data may be combined to strengthen and/or substitute one another. The analysis shows how the strategic incorporation of satellite imagery may minimize field of data. Field surveys may be modified and conducted in two stages, first concentrating on the expected fly distribution limits and thereafter on fly abundance. The study also shows that when applying satellite data, care should be taken in selecting the optimal number of predictor because this number varies with the amount of training data for predicting abundance and on the homogeneity of the distribution limits for predicting fly presence. Finally, it is suggested that in addition to the use of contemporary training data and predictor variables, training predicted data sets should refer to the same eco-geographic zone.
Descriptions of the Anopheles (Cellia) farauti complex of sibling species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Australia
Authors: Schmidt E.R. , Foley D.H. , Hartel G.F. , Williams G.M. , Bryan J.H. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractDescriptions of the three sibling species of the Anopheles farauti complex in Australia, A. farauti Laveran (formerly A. farauti No. 1), A. hinesorum Schmidt sp.n. (formerly A. farauti No. 2) and A. torresiensis Schmidt sp.n. (formerly A. farauti No. 3) are provided. These species form a part of the punctulatus group, which contains the major malaria vectors in the southwest Pacific. Morphological markers are described for adult females, fourth instar larvae and pupae which identify most specimens, and are in keys.
Larval diet affects number of femoral ‘brush’ scales in male Helicoverpa punctigera moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Nurindah  , Walter G.H. , Tiongson R.L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMales of Helicoverpa punctigera (Wallengren) show considerable variation in the number of femoral scales on the prothoracic legs. Such intraspecific variation in adult morphology could indicate the presence of undetected sibling species, or it may be related to larval diet. Helicoverpa punctigera is polyphagous, and different host plant species are likely to represent diets of different quality. Femoral lengths and the numbers of femoral scales on the prothoracic legs were therefore determined from: (i) individuals that had been collected as larvae from various host in the field; and (ii) individuals that had been laboratory-reared, in split-family tests, on different diets, namely cotton, lucerne, sowthistle and artificial diet. Host plant species (and therefore presumably diet quality) influenced femoral length of H. punctigera males perhaps in conjunction with this, the number of femoral scales on the fore leg. The rearing experiment indicated, in addition, that the effect of host plant quality varies with larval stage, and that the pattern of this variation across the immature stages is dependent on host plant species. recorded variation in the morphology of field-collected H. punctigera males is therefore most readily explained as a consequence of different individuals developing (at least for most of their larval life) on different host plant species, with diet quality varying significantly species. The relevance of these results for insect developmental studies and evolutionary interpretations of host relationships is outlined.
Towards the advancement of the Mediterranean food cultures
Authors: Dernini Sandro 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe Forum on Mediterranean Food Cultures has the purpose to foster an interdisciplinary dialogue to acknowledge the underestimated role of the Mediterranean diet and of the Mediterranean food cultures for an effective sustainable development in the Mediterranean. It is addressed towards the achievement of food security and a broader nutritional well-being in the entire Mediterranean area. The Forum uses a creative approach for the development of community-based programmes to manage the emerging trend of childhood overweight and obesity, as well as to reduce the increasing erosion of the Mediterranean food cultural heritage.
The Mediterranean diet in a world context
Authors: Alexandratos Nikos 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo put the debate on the Mediterranean diet in context by highlighting historical and prospective changes in the level and composition of food consumption in the world and key Mediterranean countries.DesignData from FAO's food balance sheets are used to illustrate historical evolution. Projections to 2030 are presented from FAO's recent and ongoing work on exploring world food and agriculture futures.SettingInternational.Results and conclusionsMany developing countries are undergoing diet transitions bringing them closer to the diets prevalent in the richer countries, i.e. with more energy-dense foods. There follows an increase in the incidence of diet-related non-communicable diseases, which are superimposed on the health problems related to undernutrition that still afflict them. In parallel, many low-income countries are making little progress towards raising food consumption levels necessary for good nutrition and food security. Wider adoption of food consumption patterns akin to those of the Mediterranean diet hold promise of contributing to mitigate adverse effects of such diet transitions. However, the evolution of food consumption in the Mediterranean countries themselves is not encouraging, as these countries have also followed the trend towards higher shares of energy-dense foods. Possible policy responses to these problems include measures to raise awareness of the benefits of healthier diets and/or to change relative food prices in favour of such diets (by taxing fattening foods) or, at the extreme, making individuals who follow ‘bad’ diets, and thus are prone to associated diseases, bear a higher part of the consequent costs borne by the public health systems (tax fat people).
Qualitative methods to evaluate Mediterranean diet in adults
Authors: Gerber Mariette 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo fulfil a comprehensive approach to consumption, which is necessary to characterise food habits and their relationship to diseases, using a diet quality index (DQI) developed for a Mediterranean region (Med-DQI).SettingA cross-sectional nutritional survey provided the data for the construction of the DQI.SubjectsA representative sample made up of 964 subjects from a French Mediterranean area, Hérault département.MethodsFoods such as olive oil, fish and cereals were used instead of nutrients to build up scores which constructed the Med-DQI. Biochemical analysis identified biomarkers used to validate the Med-DQI. Correspondence factorial analysis illustrated the characteristics of subjects with different scores given by the Med-DQI.ResultsThe subjects could be satisfactorily classified by the Med-DQI. The oldest age, less educated, overweight, manual workers, living in a rural area and male classes showed a better Med-DQI. For women, they were also from the oldest age class, but some of them were from the upper social class, with an ideal BMI and lived by the Mediterranean shore. A composite biomarker index, based on plasma carotene and vitamin E levels and the percentage of EPA and DHA in erythrocytes membranes, can identify subjects with good and poor Med-DQI.ConclusionMed-DQI G is a good instrument to identify groups at risk with regard to nutritional quality. Subjects with α+β-carotene levels > 1 mg/l, vitamin E > 30 mg/l, EPA > 0.65% and DHA > 4% of fatty acids in erythrocytes are likely to have a good diet.
Evaluating adherence to recommended diets in adults: the Alternate Healthy Eating Index
Authors: McCullough Marjorie L , Willett Walter C 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe Healthy Eating Index (HEI), designed to assess adherence to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid, was previously associated with only a small reduction in major chronic disease risk in US adult men and women. We assessed whether an alternate index would better predict risk.DesignDietary intake reported by men and women from two prospective cohorts was scored according to an a priori designed Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI). In contrast with the original HEI, the AHEI distinguished quality within food groups and acknowledged health benefits of unsaturated oils. The score was then used to predict development of CVD, cancer or other causes of death in the same population previously tested.Subjects67 271 women from the Nurses' Health Study and 38 615 men from the Health Professionals' Follow-up Study.ResultsMen and women with AHEI scores in the top vs. bottom quintile had a significant 20% and 11% reduction in overall major chronic disease, respectively. Reductions were stronger for CVD risk in men (RR = 0.61, 95% CI 0.49–0.75) and women (RR = 0.72, 95% CI 0.60–0.86). The score did not predict cancer risk.ConclusionsThe AHEI was twice as strong at predicting major chronic disease and CVD risk compared to the original HEI, suggesting that major chronic disease risk can be further reduced with more comprehensive and detailed dietary guidance.
Food and nutrition policies: what's being done in Turkey
Authors: Pekcan Gülden 
Published: February 2006

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the present paper is to describe the development of the National Plan of Action for Food and Nutrition (NPAFN) for Turkey.DesignAccess to a safe and healthy variety of food, a fundamental human right, was stressed by the International Conference on Nutrition and by the World Food Summit. In the International Conference on Nutrition in December 1992, one major commitment was the preparation of NPAFN. The NPAFN for Turkey was designed according to this commitment.SettingTurkey.ResultsTo this end, under the coordination of the State Planning Organization, a Working Committee Report for National Food and Nutrition Strategy of Turkey was prepared and published, with the participation of different sectors. The goal of the prepared National Food and Nutrition Strategy for Turkey is to protect and promote health through and healthy nutrition and reduce the burden of diseases, while contributing to socio-economic development and a sustainable food security.ConclusionIn Turkey the NPAFN was developed and implementation has initiated. Nearly for all the actions, related projects are being developed.
Olive oil consumption and risk of breast cancer in the Canary Islands: a population-based case–control study
Authors: García-Segovia Purificación , Sánchez-Villegas Almudena , Doreste Jorge , Santana Francisco , Serra-Majem Lluís 
Published: February 2006

AbstractBack groundBreast cancer mortality and incidence rates in the Canary Islands, and particularly in Gran Canaria, are higher than those in the rest of Spain.Objectives and designA case–control study was designed to assess the role of differential fatty acid intakes and olive oil consumption on breast cancer risk in the Canary Islands. The study was conducted between 1999 and 2001, including a total of 755 women: 291 incident cases with confirmed breast cancer and 464 controls randomly selected from the Canary Island Nutrition Survey (ENCA). A semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire was completed and potential confounders were adjusted using unconditional logistic regression.ResultsCompared to the first quintile of intake, the highest quintile of monounsaturated fat intake was significantly related to a lower risk of breast cancer (odds ratio = 0.52; 95% CI 0.30–0.92). Regarding olive oil, the odds ratio for women in the three upper quintiles of consumption (≥8.8 g/day) was 0.27 (95% CI 0.17–0.42).ConclusionOur results support the protective role of olive oil consumption on breast cancer among Canaries women.
A core approach to practice‐based evidence: A brief history of the origins and applications of the CORE‐OM and CORE System
Authors: Barkham Michael , Mellor-Clark John , Connell Janice , Cahill Jane 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article reviews the development of the CORE‐OM and CORE System from 1995 to 2005 in the context of the need to measure, monitor, and manage the delivery of counselling and the psychological therapies in service of providing best quality care for clients. The origins and philosophy of these tools are summarised and practical aspects of how to use them in routine service settings are set out, including an easy to use look‐up table of differing ways of presenting CORE‐OM scores and their associated meaning. The wider family of CORE outcome measures is briefly outlined to show the relationship between the various versions and how each is designed for a specific purpose. These outcome tools are set within the broader context of the CORE System. In turn, the CORE‐OM and CORE System are placed within the paradigm of practice‐based evidence and examples are provided of how these tools have been applied in routine as well as more traditional evaluative settings.The aim of the present article is two‐fold. The first aim is to provide a background to the origins and development of the CORE‐OM and its role as part of the broader‐based CORE System during the period 1995 to 2005. The second aim is to consider the applications of both the CORE‐OM and CORE System within the context of the developing paradigm of practice‐based evidence up to 2005.
Resourcing a CORE Network to develop a National Research Database to help enhance psychological therapy and counselling service provision
Authors: Mellor-Clark John , Curtis Jenkins Alex , Evans Richard , Mothersole Geoff , McInnes Barry 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article profiles the development of an evolving common CORE methodology related to the paradigm of quality evaluation. It profiles the five defining characteristics that currently help to inform that common methodology. The first of these characteristics is the use of CORE‐PC to help store, organise, filter, report and undertake performance appraisals using CORE System data. The second is the role of preparatory training to help overcome the common experience of service performance anxiety in services adopting CORE‐PC. The third characteristic is the use of a common reporting framework that generates internal performance indicators by which relative service and individual practitioner performance can be contrasted. Fourth is the co‐development and use of national service performance indicators created by the voluntary donation of anonymised, aggregated data. The fifth and final characteristic informing the shared methodology is the development of CORE Networks to support the interpretation and utilisation of benchmarks for enhancing service quality. The conclusions acknowledge the relative youth of both the activity and learning, but suggests that the common methodology used by the CORE Network has considerable potential to help identify, share and develop excellence in psychological therapy and counselling services.
Recovery and improvement benchmarks for counselling and the psychological therapies in routine primary care
Authors: Mullin Tracy , Barkham Michael , Mothersole Geoff , Bewick Bridgette M. , Kinder Andrew 
Published: March 2006

AbstractMeasuring the outcomes of counselling and the psychological therapies has become an increasingly important component in managing individual services within routine primary care settings. Outcome data collected from multiple settings can be combined to establish benchmarks against which services and practitioners can make comparisons. To achieve this, we used a large data set comprising >11,000 clients from 32 primary care NHS services who completed the CORE‐OM at both intake and end of counselling or therapy. We used four categories relating to components of reliable and clinically significant change (recovery, improvement, no reliable change, and reliable deterioration) to establish service benchmarks. However, we focussed primarily on those relating to recovery and improvement. Importantly, in addition to service benchmarks, we calculated benchmarks for individual practitioners taking into account a simple adjustment for case mix. The resulting benchmarks and their meaning are discussed.
Reflections on benchmarking NHS primary care psychological therapies and counselling
Authors: Mellor-Clark John , Barkham Michael , Mothersole Geoff , McInnes Barry , Evans Richard 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe concluding paper in this series provides brief reflections from a range of key individuals involved in the development and interpretation of CORE benchmarks for NHS primary care psychological therapy and counselling services. Michael Barkham firstly reflects on some of the research challenges facing the use of benchmarks derived from practice‐based evidence, before acknowledging the potential for such data to help bridge the research‐practice gap as we learn the best use of it. Geoff Mothersole considers similar challenges in using real world data, and explores some of the challenges that managers face in using benchmarks for improved service management practice. Barry McInnes increases the magnification in his reflective focus and looks at the juxtaposition of national guideline recommendations from evidence‐based practice in contrast to those introduced by the growing practice evidence‐base suggesting differential therapist effectiveness. The first of two final strategic reflective perspectives includes Richard Evans's summary of some of the hidden lessons from the benchmarking endeavour to‐date, before my own personal concluding summary looking at lessons learned for the on‐going strategic development of enhanced support for routine quality evaluation.
Effect of Targeted Surveillance for Control of Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin a Community Hospital System
Authors: West Timothy E. , Guerry Cile , Hiott Mary , Morrow Nancy , Ward Katherine , Salgado Cassandra D. 
Published: March 2006

Objective.To examine the cost associated with targeted surveillance for methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) and the effect of such surveillance on the rate of nosocomial MRSA infection in a community hospital system.Design.A before-and-after study comparing the rate of MRSA infection before (BES) and after (AES) the initiation of expanded surveillance. Cost-effectiveness was calculated as the difference between the cost savings associated with preventing nosocomial MRSA bacteremias and surgical site infections AES and the cost of MRSA cultures and contact isolation for patients colonized with MRSA.Setting and Participants.Patients in a 400-bed tertiary-care facility (Roper Hospital) and a 180-bed suburban hospital (St. Francis Hospital), both in Charleston, South Carolina.Interventions.Beginning in September 2001, patients were screened for MRSA colonization upon admission to the intensive care unit and weekly thereafter. In July 2002, surveillance was expanded to include targeted screening of patients admitted to general wards who were at risk of MRSA colonization. Colonized patients were placed in contact isolation.Results.The mean rate of nosocomial MRSA infection decreased at Roper (0.76 cases per 1,000 patient-days BES and 0.45 per 1000 patient-days AES;P= .05) and at St. Francis (0.73 cases per 1,000 patient-days BES and 0.57 cases per 1000 patient-days AES;P= .35). Surveillance was cost-effective, preventing 13 nosocomial MRSA bacteremias and 9 surgical site infections, for a savings of $1,545,762.Conclusions.Targeted surveillance for MRSA colonization was cost-effective and provided substantial benefits by reducing the rate of nosocomial MRSA infections in a community hospital system.