bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Activation barriers for DNA alkylation by carcinogenic methane diazonium ions
Authors: Ekanayake Kaushalya S. , Lebreton Pierre R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMethylation reactions of the DNA bases with the methane diazonium ion, which is the reactive intermediate formed from several carcinogenic methylating agents, were examined. The SN2 transition states of the methylation reactions at N7, N3, and O6 of guanine; N7, N3, and N1 of adenine; N3 and O2 of cytosine; and O2 and O4 of thymine were calculated using the B3LYP density functional method. Solvation effects were examined using the conductor‐like polarizable continuum method and the combined discrete/SCRF method. The transition states for reactions at guanine N3, adenine N7, and adenine N1 are influenced by steric interactions between the methane diazonium ion and exocyclic amino groups. Both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution, the methylation reactions at N atoms have transition states that are looser, and generally occur earlier along the reaction pathways than reactions at O atoms. The forming bonds in the transition states in water are 0.03 to 0.13 Å shorter than those observed in the gas phase, and the activation energies are 13 to 35 kcal/mol higher. The combined discrete/SCRF solvation energy calculations using base‐water complexes with three water molecules yield base solvation energies that are larger than those obtained from the CPCM continuum method, especially for cytosine. Reactivities calculated using barriers obtained with the discrete/SCRF method are consistent with the experimentally observed high reactivity at N7 of guanine. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem 27: 277–286, 2006
Nitro‐blue tetrazolium staining of starch‐synthesizing enzymes in developing rice grains
Authors: Jeng TL , Tseng TH , Wang CS , Chen CL , Sung JM 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAn in situ nitro‐blue tetrazolium (NBT) staining method was used to locate the activities of enzymes involved in starch synthesis in developing grains of field grown rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar Tainung 67 and its early ripening mutant SA 419. The results indicated that all the tested enzymes, including sucrose synthase, invertase, hexokinase, ADP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase, UDP‐glucose pyrophosphorylase and starch synthase, were detectable in developing rice endosperms by using NBT staining. The activity of these enzymes was also measurable by using chemical assays. The expression of enzyme activity, as indicated by the formation of blue formazan precipitate, in growing grain of Tainung 67 were visualized in entire endosperm at 11 days after anthesis (DAA). However, NBT staining shifted from central to peripheral region of endosperm after 18 DAA, and the staining disappeared at 25 DAA. Similar staining patterns were also observed in the growing grains of mutant SA 419, but the shift of staining from central to peripheral endosperm occurred at 11 DAA. Electron microscopy examinations showed that the growing patterns of starch granules, sampled from central and peripheral regions of endosperm, varied between two cultivars, with SA 419 growing faster than Tainung 67. Both cultivars showed that the shifts of NBT staining pattern coincided with the changes in the growing pattern of starch granules located in central and peripheral regions of endosperms. The NBT staining results showed that the activities of sucrose to starch conversion enzymes in mutant SA 419 declined and disappeared earlier than its wild‐type Tainung 67 and therefore it ripened earlier than cultivar Tainung 67. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
On the evolution of key physiological and physicochemical parameters throughout the maturation of Burlat cherry
Authors: Remon Sara , Ferrer Ana , Venturini María E , Oria Rosa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe have studied the ripening process of Burlat sweet cherry during two consecutive growing seasons in order to identify its main specific characteristics. An increase in ethylene production is consistently observed when the fruit reaches an acceptable degree of ripeness. This ethylene peak clearly divides the ripening process into two distinct phases with markedly different behaviour of all of the parameters measured in this study: respiration rate, titratable acidity, soluble solids content, firmness, colour, pectolytic and oxidation enzymes and anthocyanin content. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Steady state of gradient echo sequences with radiofrequency phase cycling: Analytical solution, contrast enhancement with partial spoiling
Authors: Ganter Carl 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSpoiled gradient echo sequences can only reach a homogeneous steady state if sufficiently strong crusher gradients are used in combination with RF phase cycling (RF spoiling). However, the signal depends quite sensitively on the chosen phase increment ϕ and—lacking analytical solutions—numerical simulations must be used to study the transient and steady‐state magnetization. For the steady state an exact analytical solution is derived, which holds for arbitrary sequence and tissue parameters. Besides a considerably improved computation performance, the analytical approach enables a better understanding of the complicated dependence on ϕ. For short repetition times (TR) the regime of small ϕ turns out to be particularly interesting: It is shown that the typical ϕc, where RF spoiling starts to become effective, is essentially inversely proportional to T2. This tissue dependence implies that contrasts can be considerably larger with partial spoiling (ϕ ≈ ϕc) than with conventional RF spoiling (ϕ ≫ ϕc). As an example, the uptake of contrast agents in tissues is investigated. For typical parameters a considerably improved contrast enhancement can be obtained, both theoretically and experimentally. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Highly constrained backprojection for time‐resolved MRI
Authors: Mistretta C. A. , Wieben O. , Velikina J. , Block W. , Perry J. , Wu Y. , Johnson K. , Wu Y. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRecent work in k‐t BLAST and undersampled projection angiography has emphasized the value of using training data sets obtained during the acquisition of a series of images. These techniques have used iterative algorithms guided by the training set information to reconstruct time frames sampled at well below the Nyquist limit. We present here a simple non‐iterative unfiltered backprojection algorithm that incorporates the idea of a composite image consisting of portions or all of the acquired data to constrain the backprojection process. This significantly reduces streak artifacts and increases the overall SNR, permitting decreased numbers of projections to be used when acquiring each image in the image time series. For undersampled 2D projection imaging applications, such as cine phase contrast (PC) angiography, our results suggest that the angular undersampling factor, relative to Nyquist requirements, can be increased from the present factor of 4 to about 100 while increasing SNR per individual time frame. Results are presented for a contrast‐enhanced PR HYPR TRICKS acquisition in a volunteer using an angular undersampling factor of 75 and a TRICKS temporal undersampling factor of 3 for an overall undersampling factor of 225. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nearly optimal three dimensional layout of hypercube networks
Authors: Calamoneri Tiziana , Massini Annalisa 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this article we consider the three‐dimensional layout of hypercube networks. Namely, we study the problem of laying hypercube networks out on the three‐dimensional grid with the properties that all nodes are represented as rectangular slices and lie on two opposite sides of the bounding box of the layout volume. We present both a lower bound and a layout method, providing an upper bound on the layout volume and the maximum wire‐length of the hypercube network. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(1), 1–8 2006
Fault tolerant on‐board networks with priorities
Authors: Bermond J.‐C. , Havet F. , Tóth C.D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWe consider on‐board networks in satellites interconnecting entering signals (inputs) to amplifiers (outputs). The connections are made via expensive switches, each of which has four available links. The paths connecting inputs to outputs should be link‐disjoint. Some of the input signals, called priorities, must be connected to the amplifiers that provide the best quality of service (that is, to some specific outputs). In practice, amplifiers are prone to fail, and the faults cannot be repaired. Therefore, extra outputs have to be built into the network to ensure that every input can be routed to operational outputs. Given three integers, n, p, and f, we would like to design a low‐cost network (where the network cost is proportional to the total number of switches) such that it is possible to route all n inputs to n operational amplifiers, and to route the p priorities to the p best quality amplifiers for any set of f faulty and p best‐quality amplifiers. Let R(n, p, f) be the minimum number of switches of such a network. We prove here that
$R(n,p,f)\leq{{n+f}\over{2}}\lceil\log_2p\rceil+{{5}\over{2}}(n-p)+g(f)$
with g a function depending only on f. We then compute R(n, p, f) exactly for a few small values of p and f. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 47(1), 9–25 2006
Importance of clinical and epidemiological research in defining the long‐term clinical care of pediatric cancer survivors
Authors: Hawkins Michael M. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWith the increasing number of long‐term survivors of childhood cancer, there continues to be a critical need for development and implementation of evidence‐based recommendations for clinical follow‐up. In order to establish and maintain health‐related follow‐up guidelines, it is important to recognize the attributes of research from which the recommendations may be formulated. Issues including study design and clinical research methodology, completeness of long‐term follow‐up for the applicable study population, approaches for assessment of treatment‐related exposures, methods utilized for ascertainment and characterization of outcomes, and recognition of potential modifiers of risk (e.g., demographic or treatment‐specific factors) are all important considerations when evaluating the results of available research. For the future, greater attention will not only need to be given to further development and maintenance of recommendations for follow‐up, but to the scientific evaluation of the recommendations to determine the subsequent impact on health status and quality of life among pediatric cancer survivors. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular mass characteristics of polyethylene produced with supported vanadium‐magnesium catalysts
Authors: Echevskaya Ludmila G , Matsko Mikhail A , Mikenas Tatiana B , Zakharov Vladimir A 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHighly active supported vanadium‐magnesium catalysts (VMC) produce polyethylene (PE) with broad and bimodal molecular mass distribution (MMD) in comparison with the famous titanium‐magnesium catalysts (TMC). The effect of hydrogen as an efficient chain‐transfer agent on the MMD of PE has been studied. Increasing hydrogen concentration causes a considerable broadening of MMD of PE due to the shift of the low molecular weight peak on the MMD curve. At the same time, the high molecular weight shoulder stays at the same position even at high hydrogen concentration. This means that VMC contain two types of active centre. One type is very reactive in the chain‐transfer reaction with hydrogen. These centres produce low molecular weight PE in polymerization in the presence of hydrogen. The other type of active centre is not active in chain transfer with hydrogen. These centres produce high molecular weight PE ((1–3) × 106) and hydrogen does not affect the position of the high molecular weight shoulder. MMD data were used to analyze the kinetics of the chain‐transfer reaction with hydrogen and to calculate the rate constants of this reaction. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Promoting beginning reading success through meaningful assessment of early literacy skills
Authors: Coyne Michael D. , Harn Beth A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRecent scientific advances in early literacy assessment have provided schools with access to critical information about students' foundational beginning reading skills. In this article, we describe how assessment of early literacy skills can help school psychologists promote beginning reading success for all children. First, we identify key skills in early literacy and describe a comprehensive assessment system, Dynamic Indicators of Basic Early Literacy Skills (DIBELS), developed to assess essential beginning reading skills. Next, we present a conceptual framework for thinking about early literacy assessment across four distinct purposes: (a) screening, (b) diagnosis, (c) progress monitoring, and (d) student outcomes. Finally, we provide school‐based examples that illustrate how DIBELS can be used to assess students' early literacy skills across each of these four purposes and facilitate informed and ongoing instructional decision making. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 33–43, 2006.
Curriculum‐based assessment
Authors: Hintze John M. , Christ Theodore J. , Methe Scott A. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractCurriculum‐based assessment (CBA) measures have become a frequently used assessment tool of school psychologists to assess the academic performance functioning of students in the basic skill areas of reading, mathematics, spelling, and written expression. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of the different approaches to CBA, with a particular focus on the defining measurement characteristics of each technique. Following this, an illustrative case example is presented that demonstrates how different CBA procedures can be used for (a) making screening and problem‐identification/certification decisions, (b) formulating instructional intervention plans, and (c) monitoring progress toward goal attainment and response to instruction. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 45–56, 2006.
Read together, talk together: The acceptability of teaching parents to use dialogic reading strategies via videotaped instruction
Authors: Blom‐Hoffman Jessica , O'Neil‐Pirozzi Therese M. , Cutting Joanna 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDialogic reading (DR) is a set of book‐sharing strategies that caregivers can use with preliterate children. The strategies involve actively engaging young children and encouraging them to verbalize during shared book reading. There is a substantial research base that describes the benefits of using DR strategies with toddlers and preschool‐age children to develop language skills. Recently, a videotaped program, called “Read Together, Talk Together” (RTTT; Pearson Early Learning, 2002) was published. This instructional video teaches adults to use DR strategies with young children. Our research team has begun to examine the acceptability and potential benefits of showing this videotape to caregivers during routine visits to community health centers. The purposes of this brief article are to (a) describe DR strategies and review the DR literature, (b) inform school psychologists about the RTTT video, (c) describe initial pilot data supporting the acceptability of the video to parents and health care staff, and (d) discuss ways school psychologists can incorporate knowledge of DR into their practice. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 71–78, 2006.
Selecting effective academic interventions: An example using brief experimental analysis for oral reading
Authors: Wilber Amy , Cushman Thomas P. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe reauthorization of IDEA (the Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004) includes potential use of a response to intervention (RTI) model for the identification of learning disabilities. Using this model, a variety of academic interventions may be implemented with a low‐achieving student, with the results monitored to determine student response. If this model is to be successfully used, then it is imperative to select and implement relevant interventions. Brief Experimental Analysis (BEA) is a procedure that can be used to assist in the identification and selection of interventions that are likely to be effective for individual students. In this brief article, we review the use and implementation of BEA and provide a case example related to oral reading. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 79–84, 2006.
Beyond grade retention and social promotion: Promoting the social and academic competence of students
Authors: Jimerson Shane R. , Pletcher Sarah M. W. , Graydon Kelly , Schnurr Britton L. , Nickerson Amanda B. , Kundert Deborah K. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDuring the past decade, amidst the current context emphasizing educational standards and accountability, the practice of grade retention has increased. The call for an end to social promotion has generated a variety of recommendations and legislation regarding promotion policies. This context has served as a catalyst for numerous debates regarding the use of grade retention and social promotion. In an era emphasizing evidence‐based interventions, research indicates that neither grade retention nor social promotion is a successful strategy for improving educational success. Moreover, research also reveals prevention and intervention strategies that are likely to promote the social or academic competence of students at risk of poor school performance. It is essential that educational professionals are familiar with the research when implementing interventions to promote student success. School psychologists may use this article as a primer for teachers, administrators, and parents, as it provides a synthesis of research addressing the following important questions: (a) What are the demographic characteristics of retained students? (b) What are the effects of retention on academic and socioemotional outcomes? (c) What long‐term outcomes are associated with grade retention? (d) What are students' perspectives regarding grade retention? (e) How does a developmental perspective enhance our understanding? (f) What are some empirically supported effective intervention strategies? Educational professionals are encouraged to incorporate evidence‐based programs and policies to facilitate the success of all students. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 85–97, 2006.
Kids in the tutor seat: Building schools' capacity to help struggling readers through a cross‐age peer‐tutoring program
Authors: Wright Jim , Cleary Kristi S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIncreasingly, elementary schools across America are adopting prereferral intervention models that follow a structured problem‐solving consultation process to reduce referrals to special education and to improve student academic outcomes. One feasible and affordable systems‐level solution for a school that must deliver reading interventions of high quality to many children is an effective cross‐age peer‐tutoring program. The present study examines the impact of a school‐based peer‐tutoring intervention on the fluency of delayed readers in an urban school district. A peer‐tutoring program was implemented across four elementary schools, with a total of 27 tutors and 27 tutees. Tutors and tutees were monitored weekly using CBM oral reading‐fluency probes, and treatment integrity checks were conducted periodically on all tutor pairs. While both tutors and tutees showed increases in reading fluency during the program, students receiving tutoring made substantially greater gains than did tutors. The article provides guidelines for implementing an effective cross‐age peer‐tutoring program in a range of school settings. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 99–107, 2006.
Conducting district‐wide evaluations of special education services: A case example
Authors: Signor‐Buhl Sara J. , LeBlanc Michael , McDougal James 
Published: December 2005

AbstractIn this brief article, a case example is provided that illustrates potential program‐evaluation procedures for examining the outcomes of children served in different models of special education. Specifically, the goal of this project was to evaluate the academic outcomes of children served in self‐contained versus inclusive models of special education programming in a midsize urban school district in Upstate New York. For this evaluation, similar student groupings were formed for analysis by controlling for age, years in placement, significant behavioral problems, and IQ. In this example, reading achievement was significantly higher for students participating in inclusive classrooms on both group and individual measures. No significant difference existed on measures of math achievement. Results indicated that within this school district, students who were educated in inclusive settings achieved at a rate that is comparable to or better than those educated in self‐contained settings. Implications for other districts interested in engaging in similar program evaluations are discussed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 43: 109–115, 2006.
Inflammatory protein profile during systemic high dose interleukin‐2 administration
Authors: Rossi Leonardo , Martin Brian M. , Hortin Glen L. , White Richard L. , Foster Mareva , Moharram Ramy , Stroncek David , Wang Ena , Marincola Francesco M. , Panelli Monica C. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSystemic interleukin‐2 (IL‐2) administration induces an assortment of downstream effects whose biological and therapeutic significance remains unexplored mostly because of the methodological inability to globally address their complexity. Protein array analysis of sera from patients with renal cell carcinoma obtained prior and during high‐dose IL‐2 therapy had previously revealed extensive alterations in expression of the soluble factors analyzed, whose discovery was limited by the number of capture antibodies selected for protein detection. Here, we expanded the analysis to SELDI‐TOF‐MS and quantitative protein analysis (nephelometry). All cytokines/chemokines detected by protein arrays were below the SELDI detection limit, while novel IL‐2‐specific changes in expression of acute‐phase reactants and high‐density lipoprotein metabolites could be identified. Serum amyloid protein A (SAA) and C‐reactive protein expression were consistently up‐regulated after four doses of IL‐2, while other proteins were down‐regulated. These findings were confirmed by SELDI immunoaffinity capture and nephelometry. Immunoaffinity capture revealed different, otherwise undetectable, isoforms of SAA. A linear correlation between peak area by SELDI and protein concentration by nephelometry was observed. Overall distinct yet complementary information was obtained using different platforms, which may better illustrate complex phenomena such as the systemic response to biological response modifiers.
Light gauge construction
Authors: Hancock G J 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe most significant developments in the design of light gauge cold‐formed steel structural members in 1996 have been the publication of the new edition of the American Iron and Steel Institute Specification for cold‐formed steel structural members, the publication of the CEN document Eurocode 3, Part 1.3 for cold‐formed thin‐gauge members and sheeting, and the publication of the limit states Australian/New Zealand Standard AS 4600:1996 for cold‐formed steel structures. All three codes of practice are based on the most recently available research. This review also summarizes research published in 1995/1996 which is aimed at further improvements in design.