bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutational, inhibitory and microcalorimetric analyses of Plasmodium falciparum TMP kinase. Implications for drug discovery
Authors: KANDEEL M. , ANDO T. , KITAMURA Y. , ABDEL-AZIZ M. , KITADE Y. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYPlasmodium falciparum thymidylate kinase (PfTMK) can tolerate a range of substrates, which distinguishes it from other thymidylate kinases. The enzyme not only phosphorylates TMP and dUMP but can also tolerate bulkier purines, namely, dGMP, GMP, and dIMP. In order to probe the flexibility of PfTMK in accommodating ligands of various sizes, we developed 6 mutant enzymes and subjected these to thermodynamic, inhibitory and catalytic evaluation. Kinase activity was markedly affected by introducing a larger lysine residue instead of A111. The lack of the hydroxyl group after inducing mutation of Y107F affected enzyme activity, and had a more severe impact on dGMP kinase activity. PfTMK can be inhibited by both purine and pyrimidine nucleosides, raising the possibility of developing highly selective drugs. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that enthalpic forces govern both purine and pyrimidine nucleoside monophosphate binding, and the binding affinity of both substrates was highly comparable. The heat produced due to dGMP binding is lower than that attributable to TMP. This indicates that additional interactions occur with TMP, which may be lost with larger dGMP. Targeting PfTMK not only affects thymidine nucleotide synthesis but may also affect purine nucleotides, and thus the enzyme represents an attractive antimicrobial target.
Expression profile of genes involved in hydrogen sulphide liberation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae grown under different nitrogen concentrations
Authors: Mendes-Ferreira Ana , Barbosa Catarina , del Olmo Marcel.lí , Mendes-Faia Arlete , Leão Cecília 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe present work aims to elucidate molecular mechanisms underlying hydrogen sulphide production in S. cerevisiae associated to nitrogen deficiency. To assess, at a genome-wide level, how the yeast strain adapted to the progressive nitrogen depletion and to nitrogen re-feeding, gene expression profiles were evaluated during fermentation at different nitrogen concentrations, using the DNA array technology. The results showed that most MET genes displayed higher expression values at the beginning of both control and N-limiting fermentation, just before the time at which the release of sulphide was observed. MET genes were downregulated when yeast stopped growing which could associate MET gene expression levels with cell growth. The over expression of MET genes after nitrogen addition was confirmed by a new release of H2S during the new set of fermentation experiments. In addition, to confirm gene expression profiles observed from macroarray results, real time RT-PCR was performed on 6 genes using additional sets of biological replicates. These genes were selected based on the assumption that differences in sulphide production observed among strains are due to genetic variations of the expression of genes involved in the Sulphate Reduction Pathway. An integration of expression data of genes involved in sulphur assimilation and sulphur amino acid biosynthesis with hydrogen sulphide production is presented.
Impacts of global change on diseases of agricultural crops and forest trees.
Authors: Sukumar Chakraborty Sukumar Chakraborty , Luck J. , Hollaway G. , Freeman A. , Norton R. , Garrett K. A. , Percy K. , Hopkins A. , Davis C. , Karnosky D. F. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract

The fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects rising levels of greenhouse gas and global temperature. The well-known dependence of plant diseases on weather has long been exploited for predicting epidemics and to time applications of control measures for tactical disease management. Fingerprints of inter-annual climatic variation on pathogens have recently been shown in literature linking pathogen abundance to atmospheric composition. Past reviews have dealt with impacts of changing atmospheric composition and climate on diseases, regional or country-wide assessments of climate change impacts and impacts on specific disease/pathogen or pathogen groups. All agree on paucity of knowledge prompting a need to generate new empirical data on host-pathogen biology under a changing climate. Focused on experimental research, the purpose of this review is to summarize published and unpublished studies on plant pathogens and diseases in free-air CO
2
enrichment (FACE) facilities and open top chambers and other current non-FACE research to offer a summary of future research needs and opportunities. Critical review of recent literature on the influence of elevated CO
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and O
3
on agriculture and forestry species forms a major part of the treatise. Summaries of unpublished or ongoing experimental research on plant pathogens from FACE studies are included as a catalogue of work in this neglected area. The catalogue and knowledge gaps are intended as a resource for workers initiating research in this area as well as the general scientific community grappling with the design and scope of next generation of FACE facilities.
CREDIBILITY
Authors: Grinnell Frederick 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Chapter 3 describes how, through the credibility process, the individual's mine, here, now transforms into the community's anyone, anywhere, anytime. The possibility of credible knowledge represents a fundamental belief of science that originates in the repeatability, continuity, and intersubjectivity of everyday life experience. The credibility process involves insiders and outsiders with respect to every discovery claim. Interaction and confrontation of their respective thought styles becomes the dialectic of this process. Discovery claims made credible will be incorporated into and refashion the community's prevailing thought style — the more novel a discovery claim, the greater its potential impact. Novelty also challenges intersubjectivity, and highly novel discovery claims sometimes are received with skepticism by the research community. What appears credible one day may be viewed as error the next, and vice versa, hence the self-correcting feature of science.
INFORMED CONSENT AND RISK
Authors: Grinnell Frederick 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Chapter 5 presents an overview of ethical challenges to human research, especially the paradoxical relationship between research risks (mostly to the subject) and benefits (mostly to society and science), and the problem of informed consent (distinguishing research from therapy). Informed consent and risk/benefit analysis are particularly complicated in genetics research, with its eugenics implications, uncertainties about disease likelihood, and controversies about who should be considered a subject and who should provide informed consent. Obtaining truly informed consent may be an unreachable ideal for human genetics research or, indeed, for any human research. Increased public participation in decision making and establishing compensation for research-related injuries would provide additional needed protections to human subjects at the beginning and the end of every human research study.
Role Perceptions of Kinship and Other Foster Parents in Family Foster Care
Authors: Pecora Peter J. , Le Prohn Nicole S. , Nasuti John J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses the results of two related studies that examined the characteristics, role conceptions, agency involvement, and satisfaction of relative and nonrelative foster parents. The two studies involved relative and nonrelative foster parents from the Casey Family Program and public and child welfare foster parents in Louisiana. It is shown the relative and nonrelative foster families have distinct differences. Relative foster families are likely to have lower family incomes, to be headed by older single women, have slightly younger foster children, and to be persons of color. These demographic differences and characteristics indicate the need for increased support the establishment of a plan for the child in the event of a death of one or both parents.
Behavior Problems of Teens in Kinship Care
Authors: Starr Raymond H. , Dubowitz Howard , Harrington Donna , Feigelman Susan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter examines the nature of cross-informant reports of behavior programs of teens in kinship care. Specifically, it looks at the behavior problem rating differences between kinship care providers and the youths who are in their care. Cross informants differ in their evaluation of externalizing problems. Caregivers of boys and boys themselves tend to report higher levels of problem behavior than caregivers of girls or girls themselves. The most significant finding is that more than a quarter of caregivers characterized the teenager in their care as having an Externalizing problem, while only nine percent of the youth reported a problem.
Theories of Practice with Vulnerable Populations
Authors: TURNER FRANCIS J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter examines the four factors related to the challenge of how best to tap the contemporary theoretical richness available to the human service practitioner in working with vulnerable populations. In addition to traditional understanding of theory, the implications of viewing theory from a political and sociological perspective are considered. The implications of the current diversity of theory and how this can be viewed as a resource for practice are discussed. An approach to comparing theories for application in a differentially useful manner is presented, followed by a discussion of the research challenges facing human services to make theories more effective and responsible for use with vulnerable populations.
Social Work Practice in Nontraditional Urban Settings
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn an era of diminishing resources, communities that have historically been served by professionals in established social service settings can no longer rely on outside resources and assistance to meet their needs. This book focuses on the importance of developing models that are specific to urban areas, models which help facilitate and promote conversation and advice and reduce the stigma for those seeking assistance. The book suggests that communities can best be served through their own, already-established recreational, social, and cultural centers. It describes how these non-traditional settings can be used — beauty shops, bars, and grocery stores — to reach out to the communities that need help. This allows social work service to be based on the community's own strengths, while developing the community's capacity to help itself with assistance from professionals. These institutions play influential and very active roles in providing assistance to community residents in need, offering social workers the unique opportunity to identify, engage, and plan services with communities. Often these centers are staffed by people that have a similar ethnic, socio-economic, and racial background to the rest of the community, thereby maximizing their psychological, geographical, and cultural accessibility to the community. The book offers a paradigm shift for social workers, showing that service delivery can take place in any setting, formal or informal. It integrates a multicultural perspective which highlights and identifies a variety of innovative methods, stressing that there is no one way of providing assistance to a community in need.
Urban Communities
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter focuses on how the profession of social work has historically failed to fill a vacuum in urban-based practice. It calls for a new paradigm that builds community capacity as a central goal. The definition of urban community, demographic profile of the four major groups of color in the United States (African Americans, Asians, Latinos, and Native Americans), and the challenges faced by the social work profession are discussed.
Nontraditional Settings: Literature and Case Illustrations
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter reviews literature on nontraditional settings and provides examples of how these settings provide assistance in the daily life of a community. Literature reviews were undertaken on nine nontraditional settings: bath houses, beauty parlors/barber shops, botanical shops, eating establishments, ethnic businesses, houses of worship, laundromats, liquor establishments, and single-room occupancy hotels.
Application of the Framework to Practice: Assessment
Authors: Delgado Melvin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses the assessment phase the community capacity-enhancement framework. It provides various perspectives on and approaches to assessment from an assets viewpoint. The assessment phase generally consists of multiple strategies, activities, and tasks and is greatly influenced by the goals of the organization that undertakes the assessment. Consequently, no “magic” formula can be recommended because local factors dictate the nature of the assessment.
Introduction
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis introductory chapter summarizes the nature of mental health and vocational services during the period preceding the development of IPS supported employment. Deinstitutionalization failed to change treatment attitudes. Clients were transferred to community settings that replicated aspects of previous hospital care with close supervision and a lack of meaningful activities. Vocational rehabilitation programs similarly provided protected and segregated work experiences.
Introduction to IPS
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter starts the second section of the book on practice guidelines for implementing supported employment. It provides a brief overview of IPS services. In IPS, employment is viewed as therapeutic and normalizing. Working in regular jobs with people who don't have mental illness enhances people’s lives. Vocational assessment is based on real work experiences. Employment specialists help people access benefits counseling in order to make good decisions about working. Employment specialists encourage people to do as much in the job search process as possible. They assist the person as needed to gain competitive employment so as not to let the job search and interviewing become barriers to employment. A vignette is provided to illustrate how one person was able to return to a working life with the support of IPS services.
Highly Trained Individuals and Work
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPeople who develop severe mental illness later in life may have advanced education and successful careers. The goal of returning to work for a highly trained individual has different challenges than for people who are starting entry-level jobs. This chapter includes an illustration of an individual who developed severe mental illness after working successfully as a professor and wanted to return to his career. The employment specialist and the rest of the team provide hope and encouragement for people to achieve their goals. The team makes recommendations about specific steps toward reaching the goal. While respect and dignity should be part of every encounter a client has with the employment specialist and other practitioners, the team needs to recognize and respond to the sense of loss in societal and economic status that many people who have had careers and advanced training experience.
Work and Cultural Competence
Authors: Becker Deborah R. , Drake Robert E. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractPeople from different cultural and ethnic backgrounds have a right to receive services that are culturally competent. Cultural competence refers to services that are sensitive to and tailored for the cultural context of the person receiving services. The illustration in this chapter highlights some of the key features of cultural competence when a young man expresses interest in returning to school. The workforce of the mental health agency must include employment specialists and other practitioners who are bilingual/bicultural to provide services to people with similar backgrounds. The agency provides education and training to all staff members to sensitize them to their own cultural beliefs and biases and to introduce them to the customs, values, belief systems, social networks, communication, and behaviors of clients from different cultures and backgrounds. For example, the meaning of work is different for people from different cultures and backgrounds. Similarly, family roles and responsibilities are different and need to be understood by employment specialists who are trying to help with goals of school and work.
Special Education: Best Practices and First Step to Success
Authors: Epstein Michael H. , Walker Hill M. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter begins with a brief overview of the basis of special education services, i.e., who are the students being served and what are the types of educational settings in which they are served? It then identifies the strategies that have been found to be successful with these students. The chapter describes the development, implementation, and research evidence on an early intervention program called First Step to Success.
A Profitable Conjunction: From Science to Service in Children’s Mental Health
Authors: Hoagwood Kimberly , Burns Barbara J. , Weisz John R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning of evidence-based practice and why it matters. It then identifies six categories of research in which studies are needed to amplify, strengthen, and extend the science on evidence-based services for children and adolescents. It argues that developing a science that will be serviceable for children requires a different and more iterative model of the relationship between search and practice. Such a model is then described.
Professional Challenges for Managerial Supervisors
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson , Bailey Darlyne , Netting F. Ellen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter discusses the pressures and paradoxes that are being experienced in human service organizations. It identifies the ideological, economic, social, and technological forces that shape our professional world and the professional challenges these present. It then focuses on possible responses of the managerial supervisor and seeks to stimulate independent thinking in meeting these challenges. It argues that the first step in managing paradoxes and devising solutions is understanding the multiple issues.
Humanizing Technology
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson , Bailey Darlyne , Netting F. Ellen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter focuses on how the workplace is being transformed through technological change. It argues that a critical function the managerial supervisor must perform is to humanize technology. This means that she or he has the responsibility to work with others to make technological advances work for them. The chapter begins by defining technology and providing an overview of the ways in which technology is changing the work lives of persons in health and human service organizations. It identifies basic questions to ask in assessing one's technological needs. It then focuses on the implications of new technologies for organizational practice in human services, followed by an examination of the problems encountered by supervisory managers as they deal with technological issues.
Motivating, Appraising, and Rewarding
Authors: Perlmutter Felice Davidson , Bailey Darlyne , Netting F. Ellen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter examines the interconnection of three primary responsibilities of managerial supervisors in relationship to their staff: motivation, performance appraisal, and reward. It begins with a brief historical perspective of how people are rewarded in organizations, followed by an overview of understanding motivation. It then focuses on different types of performance appraisal systems designed to increase individuals' motivation for effective work. It then considers on the importance of rewarding positive behavior and of creating a reward-based culture. Finally, the chapter addresses the paradox inherent in evaluation: how to balance the need to motivate with the need to evaluate performance.
A Unity of Experience
Authors: Brown Joseph Epes , Cousins Emily 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This chapter focuses on the unity of experience in Native American religious traditions. Native American traditions stress a unity of experience. Where such traditions are still alive and spiritually viable, the dimension and expression of the sacred is present in all of life's necessary activities. When the elements of time, place, language, art, and the metaphysics of nature come together, however, as they do in ritual activities, the experience of the sacred is intensified. The three cumulative possibilities that must be accomplished by spiritually effective rites: purification, expansion, and identity are mentioned, as are initiation rites, and humor in Native American rites.
Behavioral Parent Training with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter applies the use of behavioral parent training for the problem of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in a child. The behavioral theory basis of parent training is discussed, followed by empirical support for this approach. Techniques covered include: behaviorally specifying goals for change and tracking target behaviors; positively reinforcing prosocial conduct through the use of attention, praise, point systems, and other reinforcers; and employing alternative discipline methods, such as differential attention, natural and logical consequences, time out from reinforcement, response cost, and the removal of privileges. Methods of behavioral therapy will also be covered, including lecture, discussion, modeling, and role-playing.
Solution-Focused Therapy with Oppositional Defiant Disorder
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhile solution-focused therapy shares with other family therapy models a focus on the contextual nature of behavior, its unique focus is on exceptions, times when the problem is not a problem (de Shazer, Berg, Lipchick, Nunnally, Molnar, Gingerich, & Weiner-Davis, 1986). The practitioner helps the family identify resources used during exceptions and then how to amplify strengths and apply them to problem situations. This chapter discusses the beginning evidence for solution-focused therapy, followed by a delineation of the assumptions of the model. Major techniques are explained and applied to a case example.
Multisystemic Treatment with Juvenile Offending, Substance Abuse, and Prevention of Adolescent Pregnancy
Authors: Corcoran Jacqueline 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis chapter covers multisystemic therapy, which is considered a form of family therapy but extends beyond it to the numerous systems in which the adolescent is embedded that serve to maintain and impact delinquent behavior. These systems include the individual youth, the parent, the peer group, the neighborhood, and the school setting. The chapter will be organized along goals and interventions at these system levels using a case study as a basis.