bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transient Leakance and Infiltration Characteristics during Lake Bank Filtration
Authors: Wiese B. , Nützmann G. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractInfiltration capacity of bank filtration systems depends on water extraction and hydraulic resistance of the bed sediments. Lakebed hydraulics may be especially affected by clogging, which is dependent on settlement of fine particles, redox potential, and other factors. In the field, most of these processes are difficult to quantify, and thus, when calculating response to pumping the water flux across the sediment surface is assumed to be linearly dependent on the hydraulic gradient. However, this assumption was not adequate to describe conditions at a bank filtration site located at Lake Tegel, Berlin, Germany. Hence, we first assumed the leakage coefficient (or leakance) is spatially distributed and also temporally variant. Furthermore, observations show that the leakance is considerably higher in shallow than in deeper areas; hence, leakance was assumed to be dependent on the existence and thickness of an unsaturated zone below the lake. The proposed explanation of spatial and temporal variability in leakance involves a hypothesis for redox dependent and reversible biogeochemical clogging, supported by geochemical observations in surface water and ground water. Four leakance approaches are implemented in the ground water flow code MODFLOW2000 and calibrated by inverse modeling using the parameter estimation software PEST. These concepts are evaluated by examining the fit to the hydraulic heads, to infiltration measurements, transport modeling results, and considering the degrees of freedom due to the number of calibration parameters. The leakage concept based on the assumption of the influence of an unsaturated zone on clogging processes best explains the field data.
Goal Systemic Effects in the Context of Choice and Social Judgment
Authors: Kőpetz Catalina E. , Kruglanski Arie W. , Chen Xiaoyan , Orehek Edward 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe present paper features a novel approach to motivation and self‐regulation couched in conceptual terms of goal systems theory (Kruglanski et al., 2002). Goal systems theory adopts a cognitive view of motivation and highlights the interrelations of goals and means. The cognitive aspects of the theory have to do with the architecture of cognitions, and the finality of cognitive resources. The motivational aspects of the theory relate to the relation of the goal/means constructs to the dynamics of action and the affective phenomena that accompany goal pursuit. A goal systemic analysis not only affords a better understanding of classic self‐regulatory phenomena, but also offers new insights into various psychological problems such as choice and judgment.
Time‐course and characteristic morphology of retinal changes following combination of verteporfin therapy and intravitreal triamcinolone in neovascular age‐related macular degeneration
Authors: Lie Shilla , Aue Arne , Sacu Stefan , Simader Christian , Polak Kaija , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula 
Published: November 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  To identify characteristic morphological changes of the retina over time and the association with visual function after combined photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal triamcinolone (IVTA).Methods:  In this retrospective study, 40 patients (40 eyes) were treated with PDT and same‐day IVTA. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), fluorescein angiography (FA) and evaluation of distance visual acuity (VA) were performed. The anatomical changes within intra‐ and subretinal compartments and their detailed analysis and grading were the main outcome measures.Results:  Intraretinal fluid (IRF) and subretinal fluid (SRF) by OCT decreased until 3 months (p < 0.01). At month 3, intraretinal cystoid spaces (ICS) had resolved or decreased in 84% of eyes, SRF in 58% and pigment epithelial detachment (PED) in 50%. Mean best‐corrected VA (BCVA) improved significantly at month 1 (p < 0.01). Mean central retinal thickness (CRT) increased from 334 μm at baseline to 439 μm at day 1 (p = 0.03) before decreasing to 286 μm at day 7 (p = 0.06), 233 μm at month 1 (p = 0.001) and 255 μm at month 3 (p = 0.001).Conclusion:  Combined verteporfin/IVTA therapy induces distinct time‐related effects on the retina within the different intra‐ and subretinal compartments.
Kosovo's Declaration of Independence: Self-Determination and Sovereignty Revisited
Authors: Muharremi Robert 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
In this article, the author analyzes the implications of Kosovo's declaration of independence on state sovereignty and the principle of self-determination of peoples. He begins with an outline of the political process leading to the declaration of independence and the reactions of the international community thereto in which he also presents the various legal arguments raised for and against the lawfulness of Kosovo's secession from Serbia. The author continues with a discussion of whether the principle of self-determination of peoples does apply in the Kosovo case and whether the operation of this principle would justify a 'remedial secession'. Subsequently, he analyzes whether UN Security Council Resolution 1244 may be a legal barrier to Kosovo's independence to the extent that Serbia does not consent to such independence. Finally, in view of the extensive powers vested in the new international presence following Kosovo's declaration of independence, he discusses whether Kosovo fulfills the criteria of effective government and independence for being a state under general international law. The author concludes that international law remains controversial as to questions pertaining to conflicts between state sovereignty and self-determination of peoples and particularly to 'remedial secession', and that it is still too early to determine the impact of the Kosovo case on the development of international law.
Conflicting Perceptions: Russia, the West and Kosovo
Authors: Harz Feldbrugge Benedikt 
Published: November 2008

AbstractThe confrontation between the West and Russia over conflict resolution in breakaway states (Kosovo, Abkhazia, South Ossetia, etc.) has been, by and large, the result of dangerous geopolitical moves on the part of both sides after the collapse of the Soviet Union. The US tried to translate the unexpectedly quick victory in the Cold War into a policy aimed at making political use of this tectonic shift in world affairs. On the other hand, Russia—economically marginalized and fully dependent on foreign aid—was forced to stand by and swallow the bitter pill of being excluded from geopolitical decision making. This applies to international diplomacy in the Balkans in the 1990S and, especially, to the Kosovo question, which had already become heated by 1999. However, times have changed in this respect, and things have gotten worse. The Georgian-Ossetian conflict in the summer of 2008 shows that neither side is really interested in an irreversible settlement process in the regions concerned: Russia—for a long time humiliated by the West—acts with a hint of satisfaction in its voice and the West still denies reality by referring to the fairy tale of Kosovo as a sui generis case.
Comparison Studies of Cloud- and Convection-Related Processes Simulated by the Canadian Regional Climate Model over the Pacific Ocean
Authors: Jiao Yanjun , Jones Colin 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
This paper presents results from the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM) contribution to the Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment (GEWEX) Pacific Cross-section Intercomparison Project. This experiment constitutes a simulation of stratocumulus, trade cumulus, and deep convective transitions along a cross section in the tropical Pacific. The simulated seasonal mean cloud and convection are compared between an original version of CRCM (CRCM4) and a modified version (CRCMM) with refined parameterizations. Results are further compared against available observations and reanalysis data. The specific parameterization refinements touch upon the triggering and closure of shallow convection, the cloud and updraft characteristics of deep convection, the parameterization of large-scale cloud fraction, the calculation of the eddy diffusivity in the boundary layer, and the evaporation of falling large-scale precipitation. CRCMM shows substantial improvement in many aspects of the simulated seasonal mean cloud, convection, and precipitation over the tropical Pacific, CRCMM-simulated total column water vapor, total cloud cover, and precipitation are in better agreement with observations than in the original CRCM4 model. The maximum frequency of the shallow convection shifts from the ITCZ region in CRCM4 to the subtropics in CRCMM; accordingly, excessive cloud in the shallow cumulus region in CRCM4 is greatly diminished. Finally, CRCMM better simulates the vertical structure of relative humidity, cloud cover, and vertical velocity, at least when compared to the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis. Analyses of sensitivity experiments assessing specific effects of individual parameterization changes indicate that the modification to the eddy diffusivity in the boundary layer and changes to deep convection contribute most significantly to the overall model improvements.
The Sociology of Acceptance Revisited: “There Must Have Been Something Because I Grieve So!”
Authors: Folkestad Helge , Folkestad Lone 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Caring for a person may result in emotions for that person. When Helen died, her staff experienced deep sorrow. The authors interviewed the staff, asking to what extent R. Bogdan and S. J. Taylor's (1987) sociology of acceptance could help them understand how accepting ties are made and maintained. Because R. Bogdan and S. J. Taylor mainly looked at relationships within foster families and friendships, the authors broaden the perspectives by examining a case where the relationship was between a resident and her staff in the now-typical Norwegian community-living setting for people with intellectual disabilities. After interviewing staff about how the resident interacted with these other, “typical” people, the authors maintain that acceptance is not only the doings of those without the intellectual disability. The authors acknowledge that a full understanding of accepting relationships requires the perspectives of both parties.
Sedimentology, dynamics and debris flow potential of Champadevi River, southwest Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Tamrakar Naresh Kazi , Prajapati Achut , Manandhar Suman 
Published: November 2008

Mountainous and hilly regions are potential for debris flows, one of the major forms of natural disasters, which cause serious damage in downstream areas. The southwestern region of the Kathmandu Valley experienced catastrophic flows in the Champadevi River and its two tributaries (the Aitabare and the Raute Rivers) in July 2002. These rivers were investigated for morphologic, hydraulic and sedimentary characteristics to evaluate potential of debris flow in the area. The Raute and the Aitabare Rivers have tendency of headward erosion due to abrupt drop of gradient down the scarp of the alluvial fan deposit composed of unconsolidated matrix-supported gravel and mud. Because of this tendency, the rivers erode their substrate and banks, and contribute slope movements by sheding a huge amount of clasts and matrix. Therefore, instability condition of rivers and unconsolidated material available in the river courses potentially contribute for debris flow. The tractive shear stresses in the Aitabare, the Raute and the Champadevi Rivers (1.27, 1.60 and 0.48 KPa, respectively) exceeds twice the critical shear stresses required to transport 90th-percentile fraction of the riverbed material (0.14, 0.18 and 0.11 KPa). The stream powers (10.8, 17.2 and 5.1 m-kN/s/m2) of these rivers also greatly exceed the critical stream powers (0.21, 0.35 and 0.18 m-kN/s/m2) required to initiate traction transport. Because the tractive shear stresses and the stream powers that are achieved during bankfull flow are several times larger than the corresponding critical values, even the flow having stream power exceeding the critical stream power may potentially generate debris flow. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1416 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 9-20
GIS-based quantitative landslide hazard prediction modelling in natural hillslope, Agra Khola watershed, central Nepal
Authors: Thapa Prem Bahadur , Esaki Tetsuro 
Published: November 2008

The influence of geological and geomorphological variables were spatially integrated to develop landslide hazard prediction model in the Agra Khola watershed of central Nepal where a large number of landslides triggered off due to extreme weather event of July 19-21, 1993. A quantitative technique of multivariate analysis was performed to predict elements or observations of landslides successfully into different hazard levels in the area. The predicted landslide hazard was validated and spatially relevancy of the prediction is established. The GIS-based prediction model possessed objectivity and reproducibility, and also improved the landslide hazard mapping in the natural hillslope. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1421 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 63-70
Bioengineering measures for stabilising cut slopes of Dipayal-Mallekh road, Far Western Nepal
Authors: Ojha Gobinda , Shrestha Raju 
Published: November 2008

The Dipayal-Mellekh road is considered as one of the major infrastructures of the northern region of Doti District as it is only the motorable access. The road extends for about 40 km and is 8 m wide. It passes through six Village Development Committees. This paper describes possibility of using Plantation as a treatment option to safeguard the road and reduce long term maintenance. The study shows that roadside slope instabilities and erosion problems exist in the road alignment due to presence of highly weathered rocks and high cut slope angles. On the basis of slope length, slope angle, material drainage, and site moisture condition, the erosion control measures were suggested. Jute netting with grass lines plantation, site seedling of shrub and trees, vegetated gabion wall, brush layering, palisades, live check dam and fascines are recommended bio-engineering measures for controlling instabilities and erosion problems along the road. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1423 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 79-88
Evaluation of gravel for concrete and road aggregates, Rapti River, Central Nepal Sub-Himalaya
Authors: Maharjan Surendra , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: November 2008

Several local mining sites of sand and gravel have been operating for decades in the Rapti River. River gravels are consumed in Hetauda, Narayanghad and areas in India near the border between Nepal and India. Until now little known about consumers concerning about quality of gravel. The present study was carried out to evaluate quality of river gravel to know its suitability for aggregate (raw material for concrete and road). The samples of river gravel were analysed for petrographic, physical, mechanical and chemical properties. Samples were categorised as quartzite group, carbonate group and granite group according to British Standard Institution (BSI). Among these, samples of quartzite group were found dominant. Image analysis of gravel showed that clasts were well graded. The majority of the samples had rounded, high sphericity and oblate triaxial clasts. The surface texture of clasts was rough to smooth. In terms of shape, workability of gravel was satisfactory. Gravel samples possessed low water absorption value (0.69 to 1.12%) and low effective porosity. Dry density of samples ranged from 2460 to 2680 kg/m3. Aggregate impact values of samples (14.2 to 16.1%) showed good soundness. Los Angeles abrasion test also showed consistent hardness of each of the samples as uniformity factor did not exceed 0.2. Magnesium sulphate values ranged between 4.46% and 7.29% suggesting good resistance against chemical weathering and frosting. Comparing with the existing Nepal Standard, British Standard and American Standard of Testing Material, the studied samples were suitable for concrete and road aggregates. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1425 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 99-106
Vitamin D, Parathyroid Hormone, and Acroosteolysis in Systemic Sclerosis
Authors: BRAUN-MOSCOVICI YOLANDA , FURST DANIEL E. , MARKOVITS DORON , ROZIN ALEXANDER , CLEMENTS PHILIP J. , NAHIR ABRAHAM MENAHEM , BALBIR-GURMAN ALEXANDRA 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveSclerodactyly with acroosteolysis (AO) and calcinosis are prominent features of systemic sclerosis (SSc), but the pathogenesis of these findings is poorly understood. Vitamin D and parathyroid hormone (PTH) have a crucial role in bone metabolism and resorption and may affect AO and calcinosis. We assessed vitamin D and PTH in patients with SSc.MethodsMedical records of 134 consecutive patients with SSc (American College of Rheumatology criteria) followed at the rheumatology department during the years 2003–2006 were reviewed for clinical assessment, laboratory evaluation [including 25(OH) vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, PTH, creatinine, and albumin]; imaging data confirming AO and/or calcinosis. Patients followed routinely at least once a year were included (81 patients). Of these, 60 patients’ medical records were found to have complete, relevant clinical, laboratory, and radiographic imaging.ResultsThirteen patients had diffuse disease and 47 limited disease — 51 women and 9 men, 44 Jews and 16 Arabs; mean age 55 ± 14 years; disease duration 8 ± 6 years. AO with or without calcinosis was observed in 42 patients (70%). Vitamin D deficiency was found in 46% of patients (16 out of 44 Jewish patients, 10 out of 16 Arab patients). PTH was elevated in 21.7% of patients. Significant correlations were observed between acroosteolysis and PTH (p = 0.015), calcinosis (p = 0.009), and disease duration (p = 0.008), and between PTH and vitamin D levels (p = 0.01). All patients had normal serum concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, and albumin, and liver and kidney functions.ConclusionIn this group of Mediterranean patients with SSc, the incidence of vitamin D deficiency and secondary hyperparathyroidism was surprisingly high. This finding correlated with the occurrence of AO and calcinosis. Low levels of vitamin D may reflect silent malabsorption and might be a risk factor for secondary hyperparathyroidism and bone resorption. Traditional dress habits and low exposure to sun may contribute to vitamin D deficiency in an Arab population but do not explain all the findings. The pathogenesis of these findings needs to be corroborated in other SSc populations.
Predictors of Adherence to an Integrated Multimodal Program for Fibromyalgia
Authors: DOBKIN PATRICIA L. , IONESCU-ITTU RALUCA , ABRAHAMOWICZ MICHAL , BARON MURRAY , BERNATSKY SASHA , SITA AURELIO 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo describe treatment adherence to a multimodal integrated program for patients with fibromyalgia (FM), identify predictors of adherence to treatment recommendations, and examine the relationship between adherence and patient outcomes.MethodsSixty-three patients with FM were followed while participating in a 3-month outpatient program including physiotherapy, occupational therapy, nursing, and cognitive-behavior therapy. Patients completed a battery of psychosocial questionnaires pre- and post-treatment. At the end of each month of the treatment, patients completed 2 adherence questionnaires (for general and specific adherence) and 1 questionnaire about barriers to adherence to treatment. Generalized estimating equations extension of multivariable linear regression analyses for repeated measures examined predictors of general and specific adherence. Conventional linear regression analyses examined the relationships of general adherence with post-treatment FM disability and pain intensity.ResultsIn general, adherence to treatment recommendations was good (mean general adherence score of 62 points, on a 0 to 100 scale), with no significant changes in mean level of general or specific adherence over the 3-month period. The main predictor for both general and specific adherence was barriers to adherence to treatment. Increased general adherence was significantly associated with lower pain at post-treatment.ConclusionThe items described in the questionnaire for barriers to treatment are the main problem when it comes to adhering to a multimodal treatment program for FM. Healthcare professionals are advised to discuss these barriers directly with patients and assist in overcoming them.
Associations Between FCGR3A Polymorphisms and Susceptibility to Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Metaanalysis
Authors: LEE YOUNG HO , JI JONG DAE , SONG GWAN GYU 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the Fcγ receptor (FCGR) polymorphism confers susceptibility to rheumatoid arthritis (RA).MethodsWe conducted metaanalyses on the associations between FCGR polymorphisms and RA susceptibility as determined using (1) allele contrast, (2) recessive models, (3) dominant models, and (4) contrast of homozygotes, using fixed or random effects models.ResultsA total of 10 separate comparisons were considered, which comprised 6 European and 4 Asian population samples. Metaanalysis of FCGR3A polymorphism revealed a significant association between the VV genotype and the risk of developing RA relative to the VF+FF genotype (OR 1.256, 95% CI 1.045–1.510, p = 0.015), with no evidence of between-study heterogeneity (p = 0.167). In subjects of European descent, a stronger association was observed between the VV geno-type and RA than for the FF genotype (OR 1.374, 95% CI 1.101–1.714, p = 0.005). In Asians, no such association was found. Metaanalysis of the VV vs FF genotype revealed a significantly increased OR in Europeans (OR 1.399, 95% CI 1.107–1.769, p = 0.005), but not in Asians. No association was found between RA and the FCGR2A and FCGR3B polymorphisms in all subjects and in European and Asian populations, except for the NA22 vs NA11 of FCGR3B in Europeans.ConclusionNo relation was found between the FCGR2A polymorphism and susceptibility to RA in Europeans or Asians. The FCGR3A polymorphism was found to be associated with RA in Europeans but not in Asians. The FCGR3B polymorphism was associated with RA susceptibility in Europeans.