bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Diagnostics and Management of Bronchopulmonary Sequestration: An International Survey among Specialized Caregivers
Authors: Kersten C.M. , Jansen M.D.G. , Zuidweg M.J.P. , Wijnen R.M.W.H. , Krasemann T.B. , Schnater J.M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background Our objective was to explore the treatment preferences for bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) among an international group of specialized caregivers.
Methods Sixty-three participants from 17 countries completed an online survey concerning the diagnostics, treatment, and follow-up. Recruitment took place among members of the Collaborative Neonatal Network for the first European Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation Trial Consortium and through the Association for European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology working group database.
Results Most of the 63 participants were pediatric surgeons (52%), followed by pediatric pulmonologists (22%), and pediatric cardiologists (19%). The majority (65%) treated more than five cases per year and 52% standardly discussed treatment in a multidisciplinary team. Half of the participants (52%) based the management on the presence of symptoms, versus 32% on the intralobar or extralobar lesion localization. Centers with both surgical and interventional cardiac/radiological facilities (85%) preferred resection to embolization in symptomatic cases (62 vs. 15%). In asymptomatic cases too, resection was preferred over embolization (38 vs. 9%); 32% preferred noninterventional treatment, while 11% varied in preference. These treatment preferences were significantly different between surgeons and nonsurgeons (p < 0.05). Little agreement was observed in the preferred timing of intervention as also for the duration of follow-up.
Conclusions This survey demonstrates a variation in management strategies of BPS, reflecting different specialist expertise. Most centers treat only a handful of cases per year and follow-up is not standardized. Therefore, management discussion within a multidisciplinary team is recommended. Recording patient data in an international registry for the comparison of management strategies and outcomes could support the development of future guidelines.
Level of Evidence: Level IV.
Probing elemental diffusion and radiation tolerance of perovskite solar cells via non-destructive Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
Authors: Parashar Mritunjaya , Sharma Mohin , Saini Darshpreet Kaur , Byers Todd A. , Luther Joseph M. , Sellers Ian R. , Kirmani Ahmad R. , Rout Bibhudutta 
Published: March 2024

Mixed organic–inorganic halide perovskite-based solar cells have attracted interest in recent years due to their potential for both terrestrial and space applications. Analysis of interfaces is critical to predicting device behavior and optimizing device architectures. Most advanced tools to study buried interfaces are destructive in nature and can induce further degradation. Ion beam techniques, such as Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), is a useful non-destructive method to probe an elemental depth profile of multilayered perovskite solar cells (PSCs) as well as to study the inter-diffusion of various elemental species across interfaces. Additionally, PSCs are becoming viable candidates for space photovoltaic applications, and it is critical to investigate their radiation-induced degradation. RBS can be simultaneously utilized to analyze the radiation effects induced by He+ beam on the device, given their presence in space orbits. In the present work, a 2 MeV He+ beam was used to probe the evidence of elemental diffusion across PSC interfaces with architecture glass/ITO/SnO2/Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(I0.83Br0.17)3/spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3/Au. During the analysis, the device active area was exposed to an irradiation equivalent of up to 1.62 × 1015 He+/cm2, and yet, no measurable evidence (with a depth resolution ∼1 nm) of beam-induced ion migration was observed, implying high radiation tolerance of PSCs. On the other hand, aged PSCs exhibited indications of the movement of diverse elemental species, such as Au, Pb, In, Sn, Br, and I, in the active area of the device, which was quantified with the help of RBS.
Assessing the reinforced molecular/mechanical behaviors of GOs@Mo-MOFs films deposited via electrophoresis onto microdevices: Experimental and theoretical perspectives
Authors: Cao Zhiyong , Gong Chuang , Xue Qiannan , Wang Hairen , Qu June , Jin Junsong , Sun Lushi , Wang Xinyun 
Published: March 2024

One of the primary hurdles in microdevice fabrication lies in ascertaining the most impactful tactics for adapting metal surfaces. Through a one-pot tackle and distinct mechanochemical reactions evoked by 15 min aqueous wet sand-milling (SM-15), we successfully grafted Mo-based metal–organic frameworks (Mo-MOFs) onto graphene oxides (GOs). Following this, a convenient and readily scalable methodology of electrophoretic deposition was implemented to create controllable thickness of SM-15 GOs@Mo-MOFs lubricating films, achieving considerable enhancements of 143% and 91% in hardness and Young’s modulus, respectively, when compared to those of SM-15 Mo-MOFs. The successful synthesis of SM-15 GOs@Mo-MOFs was corroborated using strategies such as x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy. Analyses using the micro-tribotester indicated that the new film exhibited a lowest friction coefficient of roughly 0.5 when imposed with a load of 5 N and sliding speed of 8 mm/s. In addition, the optical profiler nano-indentation in situ scanning probe microscope revealed that SM-15 GOs@Mo-MOFs films had smaller and shallower scratches and grooves compared to SM-15 Mo-MOFs ones. The calculated results of key descriptors (EHOMO, ELUMO, ΔE, etc.) in density functional theory quantitatively disclosed the interaction mechanisms between GOs@Mo-MOFs molecules and microdevices. We first scrutinized the innate properties of molecule adsorption energy and frictional mechanical behaviors using synergetic cross-scale simulations, such as Monte Carlo and finite element methods. The expectation was that this process would motivate a valuable technique for shielding in the thriving micromanufacturing.
Experimenting with audio description
Authors: Rojo López Ana María , Ramos Caro Marina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAfter years in the shadows of translation, research on audio description (AD) is now gaining momentum thanks to its contribution to a more accessible and inclusive world. This paper claims that experimental AD studies have a rightful place in cognitive translation and interpreting studies (CTIS) and discusses some of its limitations and prospects. The first section introduces the relevance and interest of choosing accessibility as a general field of study and AD as a modality of accessible translation. The second section takes a snapshot of existing experimental AD studies and summarizes their main results. Then, useful tips are provided to help confront relevant challenges. The final section discusses the potential of AD research for advancing our knowledge of sensory, multimodal, and cognitive processing and for transferring research results to society.
Toronto’s Respite Program for Families of Children with Complex Needs
Authors: Fei Ailin , Day Jonathon , Ewing Annie 
Published: March 2024

Summary
Destination Toronto (DT), Toronto’s Destination Marketing Organization (DMO), aims to bring visitors and conference attendees to Toronto. DMOs have an extensive network in the visitor economy that they can activate to address social issues in their communities. The well-being of caregivers to children with complex special needs is often overlooked despite the important role they play. The visitor economy can contribute some relief to this group by providing a pleasant break from day-to-day responsibilities of care. DT uses its network of tourism-related businesses to give back to the community through the Relax, Recharge, Renew (RRR) Program, offering a weekend trip to parents and caregivers of children with special needs. This case study displays the importance of having social intrapreneurs who drive change to provide resident-tailored tourism experiences and underscores the significance of local partnerships. Additionally, realistic considerations for replicability at other destinations are discussed. The case study highlights the potential to expand collaboration in the hospitality and tourism sector, providing enriching experiences to underserved residents.

Information
© The Authors 2024
Anti-de Sitter momentum space in 3D and 4D quantum gravity
Authors: Amelino-Camelia Giovanni , Lobo Iarley P , Palmisano Giovanni 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
There has been strong interest in the possibility that in the quantum-gravity realm momentum space might be curved, mainly focusing, especially for what concerns phenomenological implications, on the case of a de Sitter momentum space. We here take as starting point the known fact that quantum gravity coupled to matter in

2
+
1

spacetime dimensions gives rise to an effective picture characterized by a momentum space with anti-de Sitter geometry, and we point out some key properties of

2
+
1

-dimensional anti-de Sitter momentum space. We observe that it is impossible to implement all of these properties in theories with a

3
+
1

-dimensional anti-de Sitter momentum space, and we then investigate, with the aim of providing guidance to the relevant phenomenology focusing on possible modified laws of conservation of momenta, the implications of giving up, in the

3
+
1

-dimensional case, some of the properties of the

2
+
1

-dimensional case.
Exploring magnetic interactions between magnets and a magnetizable alloy
Authors: Machado Natália Alves , Cruz Frederico A O , Hahn Marcelo , Carvalho Paulo Simeão 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Traditional problems in mechanics usually involve forces that generate motions described by analytical solutions, easily obtained from differential equations. However, when magnetic forces are involved, problems can be very complex to describe analytically. In this paper, we describe the problematic situation of magnets that attract a coin of a magnetizable alloy. The experiment was filmed with a camera at a high rate frame. A Coulomb-type model inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the magnets and the coin was tested to fit the experimental results, without much success. The problem was then solved analytically, assuming that the force exerted on the coin varies exponentially with the distance between them. The experimental data were compared with those predicted by the theoretical model. The results confirm that the theoretical model is the most adequate to describe the kind of interaction involved, showing that this interaction is very different from that usually found in problems with gravitational, electrical or elastic forces. This work opens up future perspectives for investigations with attractive and repulsive forces between magnets.
Teaching about non-deterministic physics: an almost forgotten fundamental contribution of Marie Curie
Authors: Margaritondo G 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The first historical steps of radioactivity research offer an excellent opportunity to teach a key concept of modern physics: non-deterministic phenomena. However, this opportunity is often wasted because of historical misconceptions and of the irrational fear of radioactive effects. We propose here a lecturing strategy - primarily for undergraduate students - based on interesting historical facts. In particular, on a key conceptual contribution by Marie Curie, an attractive figure for the young women and men of today. Paradoxically, this milestone is almost unknown, whereas it should contribute to her immortal fame -- perhaps as much as the discovery of radium.
Thermal conductivity of crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5: lattice contribution and size effects in the cubic phase quantified by approach-to-equilibrium molecular dynamics
Authors: Bel-Hadj Ibrahim , Guerboub Mohammed , Lambrecht Achille , Ori Guido , Massobrio Carlo , Martin Evelyne ,   ADynMat consortium
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Approach-to-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations are carried out for the cubic phase of crystalline Ge2Sb2Te5, using interatomic forces derived from a machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) trained with ab initio calculations. The use of this MLIP potential significantly reduces the computational burden, allowing for the study of systems over 70 nm in length. Above 20 nm, the thermal conductivity of the lattice plateaus at

0.37
±
0.01

W K−1 m−1 in agreement with measurements reported in the literature. However, below 20 nm, size effects lead to a reduction in thermal conductivity which is systematically calculated.
Pion valence quark distribution at physical pion mass of N

f
= 2 + 1 + 1 lattice QCD
Authors: Holligan Jack , Lin Huey-Wen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We present a state-of-the-art calculation of the unpolarized pion valence-quark distribution in the framework of large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) with improved handling of systematic errors as well as two-loop perturbative matching. We use lattice ensembles generated by the MILC collaboration at lattice spacing a ≈ 0.09 fm, lattice volume 643 × 96, N

f
= 2 + 1 + 1 flavors of highly-improved staggered quarks and a physical pion mass. The LaMET matrix elements are calculated with pions boosted to momentum P

z
≈ 1.72 GeV with high-statistics of O(106) measurements. We study the pion PDF in both hybrid-ratio and hybrid-regularization-independent momentum subtraction (hybrid-RI/MOM) schemes and also compare the systematic errors with and without the addition of leading-renormalon resummation (LRR) and renormalization-group resummation (RGR) in both the renormalization and lightcone matching. The final lightcone PDF results are presented in the modified minimal-subtraction scheme at renormalization scale μ = 2.0 GeV. We show that the x-dependent PDFs are compatible between the hybrid-ratio and hybrid-RI/MOM renormalization with the same improvements. We also show that systematics are greatly reduced by the simultaneous inclusion of RGR and LRR and that these methods are necessary if improved precision is to be reached with higher-order terms in renormalization and matching.
3D imaging and temporal evolution recognition of concrete internal defects based on GPR
Authors: Wang Zhengfang , Li Bo , Lei Ming , Xu Jing , Wang Wenying , Yu Shaohuai , Yu Fei , Jiang Haonan , Li Zhenpeng , Jiang Yuchen , Wang Jing , Sui Qingmei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Periodic inspections and recognition of temporal evolution for concrete internal defects are important for the long-term operation of civil engineering infrastructures. This study proposes a method integrating convolutional neural network (CNN) with maximum intensity projection (MIP) for 3D imaging and temporal evolution recognition of concrete internal defects. The proposed method utilizes MIP to process multiple ground penetrating radar (GPR) B-scans and generates 2D projected GPR B-scans containing spatial information. SegNet coupled with the Lovász softmax loss function is introduced to reconstruct 2D defects from projected GPR B-scans. Subsequently, 3D imaging result is reconstructed from 2D imaging results by 3D reconstruction module. Finally, the defect change extraction module realizes recognition of defect changes based on 3D imaging results at different time. The superiority of proposed method is validated based on both synthetic and real GPR data, which presents better recognition results and less time consumption than existing 3D CNN-based method.
Crack identification method for magnetic particle inspection of bearing rings based on improved Yolov5
Authors: Yang Yun , Zuo Jinzhao , Li Long , Wang Xianghai , Yin Zijian , Ding Xingyun 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The fluorescent magnetic particle inspection technique is often used for surface crack detection of bearing rings due to its advantages of simple operation and high sensitivity. With the development of computer vision technology, more and more visual algorithms are used in magnetic particle inspection for defect detection. However, most of these current algorithm models have low detection accuracy and poor efficiency, making it difficult to meet the precision requirements of production testing and affecting the overall pace of production processes. To address this problem, this paper proposes an improved algorithm model based on Yolov5. Firstly, MobileNetV3-small is utilized to construct the backbone feature extraction network, reducing the network’s parameter count and enhancing its detection speed. In addition, Bidirectional Feature Pyramid Network is implemented to facilitate swift and efficient multi-scale feature fusion, while the C3 module in the neck is replaced with C2f to enhance detection precision. Finally, Focal-Loss EIoU is adopted as the loss function to improve the model’s accuracy in positioning the crack borders. Experimental results demonstrate that the precision of this model in detecting surface cracks in bearing rings achieves an impressive 95.1%, while the recall reaches 90.4%. The mAP stands at 0.946. When compared to the original Yolov5s network, this model showcases a reduction in network parameters by 32.1% and a significant increase in frames per second by 40.0%. These improvements effectively fulfill the production process’s demands for crack detection tasks, providing a balance between accuracy and efficiency.
Synergistic coupling of thermomechanical loading and irradiation damage in Zircaloy-4
Authors: Long Daniel J , Liu Yang , Hardie Chris , Dunne Fionn P E 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This work addresses in-situ synergistic irradiation and thermomechanical loading of nuclear reactor components by linking new mechanistic understanding with crystal plasticity finite element modelling to describe the formation and thermal and mechanical annihilation of dislocation loops. A model of pressurised reactor cladding is constructed to extract realistic boundary conditions for crystal plasticity microstructural sub-modelling. Thermomechanical loads are applied to the sub-model to investigate (i) the unirradiated state, (ii) synergistic coupling of irradiation damage and thermal annihilation of dislocation loops, (iii) synergistic coupling of irradiation damage without thermal annihilation of dislocation loops, and (iv) a post-irradiated state. Results demonstrate that the synergistic coupling of irradiation damage and thermomechanical loads leads to the early onset of plasticity, which is exacerbated by the thermal annihilation of dislocations, while the post-irradiated case remains predominantly elastic due to substantial irradiation hardening. It is shown that full synergistic coupling leads to localisation of quantities linked with crack nucleation including geometrically necessary dislocations and stress.
Simple quantitative examples illustrating how the centrifugal and Coriolis forces ‘rescue’ Newton’s second law in rotating frames
Authors: Ng Chiu-King 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper is prepared for those who have already learned the physics of circular motions and the centripetal force and are curious about the centrifugal and Coriolis forces. Instead of deriving them or exploring the theory, we aim to bring forward several quantitative examples to illustrate what conceptually they are, along with evidencing the notion that ‘Newton’s second law in rotating reference frames holds only when the centrifugal and Coriolis forces are in action’. All our examples involve mostly circular motions, and, most importantly, our approach to dealing with the frame transformation is without using the equations and purely on a qualitative argument basis.
High performance Boson sampling simulation via data-flow engines
Authors: Morse Gregory , Rybotycki Tomasz , Kaposi Ágoston , Kolarovszki Zoltán , Stojčić Uroš , Kozsik Tamás , Mencer Oskar , Oszmaniec Michał , Zimborás Zoltán , Rakyta Péter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Boson sampling (BS) is viewed to be an accessible quantum computing paradigm to demonstrate computational advantage compared to classical computers. In this context, the evolution of permanent calculation algorithms attracts a significant attention as the simulation of BS experiments involves the evaluation of vast number of permanents. For this reason, we generalize the Balasubramanian–Bax–Franklin–Glynn permanent formula, aiming to efficiently integrate it into the BS strategy of Clifford and Clifford (2020 Faster classical boson sampling). A reduction in simulation complexity originating from multiplicities in photon occupation was achieved through the incorporation of a n-ary Gray code ordering of the addends during the permanent evaluation. Implementing the devised algorithm on FPGA-based data-flow engines, we leverage the resulting tool to accelerate boson sampling simulations for up to 40 photons. Drawing samples from a 60-mode interferometer, the achieved rate averages around 80 s per sample, employing 4 FPGA chips. The developed design facilitates the simulation of both ideal and lossy boson sampling experiments.
Work statistics at first-passage times
Authors: Mamede Iago N , Singh Prashant , Pal Arnab , Fiore Carlos E , Proesmans Karel 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
We investigate the work fluctuations in an overdamped non-equilibrium process that is stopped at a stochastic time. The latter is characterised by a first passage event that marks the completion of the non-equilibrium process. In particular, we consider a particle diffusing in one dimension in the presence of a time-dependent potential

U
(
x
,
t
)
=
k

|

x
−
v
t

|

n

/

n

, where k > 0 is the stiffness and n > 0 is the order of the potential. Moreover, the particle is confined between two absorbing walls, located at

L

±

(
t
)

, that move with a constant velocity v and are initially located at

L

±

(
0
)
=
±
L

. As soon as the particle reaches any of the boundaries, the process is said to be completed and here, we compute the work done W by the particle in the modulated trap upto this random time. Employing the Feynman–Kac path integral approach, we find that the typical values of the work scale with L with a crucial dependence on the order n. While for n > 1, we show that

⟨
W
⟩
∼

L

1
−
n

exp

k

L

n

/

n

−
v
L

/

D

for large L, we get an algebraic scaling of the form

⟨
W
⟩
∼

L
n

for the n < 1 case. The marginal case of n = 1 is exactly solvable and our analysis unravels three distinct scaling behaviours: (i)

⟨
W
⟩
∼
L

for v > k, (ii)

⟨
W
⟩
∼

L
2

for v = k and (iii)

⟨
W
⟩
∼
exp

−
(
v
−
k
)
L

for v < k. For all cases, we also obtain the probability distribution associated with the typical values of W. Finally, we observe an interesting set of relations between the relative fluctuations of the work done and the first-passage time for different n—which we argue physically. Our results are well supported by the numerical simulations.