bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk of hepatitis B virus reactivation in people with multiple sclerosis treated with ocrelizumab: an observational study from Turkey
Authors: Çelik Muammer , Baba Cavid , Irmak Çağlar , Özakbaş Serkan , Avkan-Oğuz Vildan 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
The risk of hepatitis B virus (HBV) reactivation remains unclear in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) receiving ocrelizumab. We aimed to assess HBV seroprevalence and reactivation risk in MS patients on ocrelizumab and to evaluate the effectiveness of antiviral prophylaxis against HBV reactivation.

Methods
In this single-center, cross-sectional study, 400 people with MS receiving ocrelizumab were screened for HBV at baseline and antiviral prophylaxis was implemented based on serological results. Patients were monitored for HBV reactivation, and outcomes were analyzed.

Results
Among 56 (14%) patients who had serology compatible with occult or resolved HBV infection, 49 (85.7%) received antiviral prophylaxis regularly and had no HBV reactivation during the follow-up. Reactivation of HBV occurred in 2 out of 7 (28.6%) patients who did not receive antiviral prophylaxis and in one patient who did not adhere to the prophylaxis regimen. All patients with reactivation had anti-HBs levels below 100 mIU/mL and the median titer was significantly lower than the patients with no HBV reactivation (p = 0.034).

Conclusion
This study highlights a 14% anti-HBc positivity, indicating a potential risk for HBV reactivation in people with MS receiving ocrelizumab. This suggests the importance of vigilant monitoring and the implementation of prophylactic measures. Our recommendation emphasizes antiviral prophylaxis, particularly for patients with low anti-HBs, and a pre-emptive strategy for others.
Galaninergic and hypercapnia-activated neuronal projections to the ventral respiratory column
Authors: Dereli Ayse S. , Oh Alice Y. S. , McMullan Simon , Kumar Natasha N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIn mammals, the ventral respiratory column (VRC) plays a pivotal role in integrating neurochemically diverse inputs from brainstem and forebrain regions to generate respiratory motor patterns. VRC microinjection of the neuropeptide galanin has been reported to dampen carbon dioxide (CO2)-mediated chemoreflex responses. Additionally, we previously demonstrated that galaninergic neurons in the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) are implicated in the adaptive response to hypercapnic stimuli, suggesting a link between RTN neuroplasticity and increased neuronal drive to the VRC. VRC neurons express galanin receptor 1, suggesting potential regulatory action by galanin, however, the precise galaninergic chemoreceptor-VRC circuitry remains to be determined. This study aimed to identify sources of galaninergic input to the VRC that contribute to central respiratory chemoreception. We employed a combination of retrograde neuronal tracing, in situ hybridisation and immunohistochemistry to investigate VRC-projecting neurons that synthesise galanin mRNA. In an additional series of experiments, we used acute hypercapnia exposure (10% CO2, 1 h) and c-Fos immunohistochemistry to ascertain which galaninergic nuclei projecting to the VRC are activated. Our findings reveal that a total of 30 brain nuclei and 51 subnuclei project to the VRC, with 12 of these containing galaninergic neurons, including the RTN. Among these galaninergic populations, only a subset of the RTN neurons (approximately 55%) exhibited activation in response to acute hypercapnia. Our findings highlight that the RTN is the likely source of galaninergic transmission to the VRC in response to hypercapnic stimuli.
Effect of acute inflammatory reaction induced by biopsy on tumor microenvironment
Authors: Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Hualian , Sun Yadong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWhen it comes to the diagnosis of solid tumors, biopsy is always the gold standard. However, traumatic and inflammatory stimuli are so closely related to tumor initiation and development that the acute inflammatory response induced by biopsy can give rise to changes in the tumor microenvironment, including recruitment of immunosuppressive cells (M2 macrophages, Treg cells, Tumor-associated neutrophils) and secretion of inflammation-associated cytokines, to create immunosuppressive conditions that enable the increase of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral circulation and promote the metastatic spread of tumors after surgery. In this review, we discuss dynamic changes and inhibitory characteristics of biopsy on tumor microenvironment. By investigating its mechanism of action and summarizing the current therapeutic strategies for biopsy-induced tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment, the future of using biopsy-induced inflammation to improve the therapeutic effects and prognosis of patients is prospected.
Are children with IgA nephropathy different from adult patients?
Authors: Su Baige , Jiang Yuanyuan , Li Zhihui , Zhou Jianhua , Rong Liping , Feng Shipin , Zhong Fazhan , Sun Shuzhen , Zhang Dongfeng , Xia Zhengkun , Feng Chunyue , Huang Wenyan , Li Xiaoyan , Chen Chaoying , Hao Zhihong , Wang Mo , Qin Li , Chen Minguang , Li Yuanyuan , Ding Juanjuan , Bao Ying , Liu Xiaorong , Deng Fang , Cheng Xueqin , Zhang Li , Zhang Xuan , Yang Huandan , Peng Xiaojie , Sun Qianliang , Deng Linxia , Jiang Xiaoyun , Xie Min , Gao Yan , Yu Lichun , Liu Ling , Gao Chunlin , Mao Jianhua , Zheng Weihua , Dang Xiqiang , Xia Hua , Wang Yujie , Zhong Xuhui , Ding Jie , Lv Jicheng , Zhang Hong 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Previously, several studies have indicated that pediatric IgA nephropathy (IgAN) might be different from adult IgAN, and treatment strategies might be also different between pediatric IgAN and adult IgAN.

Methods
We analyzed two prospective cohorts established by pediatric and adult nephrologists, respectively. A comprehensive analysis was performed investigating the difference in clinical and pathological characteristics, treatment, and prognosis between children and adults with IgAN.

Results
A total of 1015 children and 1911 adults with IgAN were eligible for analysis. More frequent gross hematuria (88% vs. 20%, p < 0.0001) and higher proteinuria (1.8 vs. 1.3 g/d, p < 0.0001) were seen in children compared to adults. In comparison, the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was lower in adults (80.4 vs. 163 ml/min/1.73 m2, p < 0.0001). Hypertension was more prevalent in adult patients. Pathologically, a higher proportion of M1 was revealed (62% vs. 39%, p < 0.0001) in children than in adults. S1 (62% vs. 28%, p < 0.0001) and T1–2 (34% vs. 8%, p < 0.0001) were more frequent in adults. Adjusted by proteinuria, eGFR, and hypertension, children were more likely to be treated with glucocorticoids than adults (87% vs. 45%, p < 0.0001). After propensity score matching, in IgAN with proteinuria > 1 g/d, children treated with steroids were 1.87 (95% CI 1.16–3.02, p = 0.01) times more likely to reach complete remission of proteinuria compared with adults treated with steroids.

Conclusions
Children present significantly differently from adults with IgAN in clinical and pathological manifestations and disease progression. Steroid response might be better in children.

Graphical Abstract
Smooth approximation of Lipschitz domains, weak curvatures and isocapacitary estimates
Authors: Antonini Carlo Alberto 
Published: April 2024

AbstractWe provide a novel approach to approximate bounded Lipschitz domains via a sequence of smooth, bounded domains. The flexibility of our method allows either inner or outer approximations of Lipschitz domains which also possess weakly defined curvatures, namely, domains whose boundary can be locally described as the graph of a function belonging to the Sobolev space $$W^{2,q}$$

W

2
,
q

for some $$q\ge 1$$

q
≥
1

. The sequences of approximating sets is also characterized by uniform isocapacitary estimates with respect to the initial domain $$\Omega $$
Ω
.
Projected changes in rainfall and temperature using CMIP6 models over the Okavango River basin, southern Africa
Authors: Moses O. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe Okavango River Basin (ORB) which includes a renowned World Heritage site Okavango Delta, contains highly biodiverse ecosystems. Most of its rural population relies on rain-fed subsistence farming. Limited research has been done on future changes in rainfall and temperature in this region. Here, such changes are analysed for the periods 2030–2059 (near term) and 2070–2099 (long term), relative to the historical period 1985–2014. The analysis is based on the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6), under the shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs) SSP245 and SSP585. The projected changes vary over the ORB. For rainfall, the models project some significant decreasing trends over Ngamiland in the central/southern ORB, but none are significant over the northern ORB. The significant trends during the near term period include those projected by the model average (-30.60 mm/decade) in March–April (MA) under the SSP585 scenario. Some significant decreasing rainfall trends have also been found in December-February (DJF), but none are significant in October–November (ON). DJF is the main growing season whereas ON (MA) is the onset (end) of the rainy season. For temperature, significant warming trends have been found over both Ngamiland and the northern ORB, with the strongest warming in ON particularly during the near term period. For this ON season over the northern ORB, under the SSP585 (SSP245) scenario, the model average projects a warming trend of 0.56 °C/decade (0.67 °C/decade). These findings may help with the management of agricultural activities, water resources and the highly biodiverse ecosystems in the ORB.
Prevalence, genotypes, and infection risk factors of psittacine beak and feather disease virus and budgerigar fledgling disease virus in captive birds in Hong Kong
Authors: Ko Jackie Cheuk Kei , Choi Yannes Wai Yan , Poon Emily Shui Kei , Wyre Nicole , Sin Simon Yung Wa 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPsittacine beak and feather disease virus (PBFDV) and budgerigar fledgling disease virus (BFDV) are significant avian pathogens that threaten both captive and wild birds, particularly parrots, which are common hosts. This study involved sampling and testing of 516 captive birds from households, pet shops, and an animal clinic in Hong Kong for PBFDV and BFDV. The results showed that PBFDV and BFDV were present in 7.17% and 0.58% of the samples, respectively. These rates were lower than those reported in most parts of Asia. Notably, the infection rates of PBFDV in pet shops were significantly higher compared to other sources, while no BFDV-positive samples were found in pet shops. Most of the positive samples came from parrots, but PBFDV was also detected in two non-parrot species, including Swinhoe’s white-eyes (Zosterops simplex), which had not been reported previously. The ability of PBFDV to infect both psittacine and passerine birds is concerning, especially in densely populated urban areas such as Hong Kong, where captive flocks come into close contact with wildlife. Phylogenetic analysis of the Cap and Rep genes of PBFDV revealed that the strains found in Hong Kong were closely related to those in Europe and other parts of Asia, including mainland China, Thailand, Taiwan, and Saudi Arabia. These findings indicate the presence of both viruses among captive birds in Hong Kong. We recommend implementing regular surveillance for both viruses and adopting measures to prevent contact between captive and wild birds, thereby reducing the transmission of introduced diseases to native species.
Returning to work after maternity leave: a systematic literature review
Authors: Franzoi Isabella Giulia , Sauta Maria Domenica , De Luca Alessandra , Granieri Antonella 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Working women often experience difficulties associated with balancing family and career, particularly if they choose to have children. This systematic literature review aimed at investigating women’s experience in returning to work after maternity leave.

Methods
The review was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. The literature search led to the identification of 52 articles, which underwent data extraction and qualitative analysis.

Results
Results were organized in 5 categories: (1) Work-life balance; (2) Women’s mental and physical health; (3) Job-related wellbeing and working experience; (4) Breastfeeding. Women’s both mental and physical health seem connected to a longer maternity leave and a greater coworkers’ and supervisors’ support. Returning to work seems to constitute one of the most important barriers for exclusive breastfeeding or breastfeeding continuation. A shorter duration of maternity leave, a higher workload and the lack of occupational policies supporting breastfeeding seem to be hindering factors. Partner and family support, and the opportunity for fathers to work under a flextime system after childbirth seem to increase both breastfeeding initiation and duration. Women who continue breastfeeding after returning to work seem to experience more family-to-work conflict and overload.

Conclusions
This paper show that there are still many understudied aspects in exploring women’s experience of returning to work after maternity leave. This represents an important gap in the literature, since returning to work represents a particularly critical time in women’s personal and occupational life, in which challenges and barriers may arise, potentially affecting their experience in the immediate future and years to come.
Establishment of the mid-sagittal reference plane for three-dimensional assessment of facial asymmetry: a systematic review
Authors: Ajmera Deepal Haresh , Singh Pradeep , Leung Yiu Yan , Khambay Balvinder S. , Gu Min 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Objective
To systematically review the literature for mid-sagittal plane establishment approaches to identify the most effective method for constructing the mid-sagittal plane for the evaluation of facial asymmetry.

Materials and methods
Six electronic databases (PubMed, Medline (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus) and grey literature were searched for the studies that computed the mid-sagittal reference plane three-dimensionally, using a combination of MeSH terms and keywords. The methodological quality and the level of evidence for the included studies were analyzed using QUADAS-2 and GRADE, respectively.

Results
The preliminary search yielded 6746 records, of which 42 articles that met the predefined inclusion criteria were included in the final analysis. All the included articles reported the construction of the mid-sagittal reference plane (MSP) using varied methods. The risk of bias and concerns regarding the applicability of the included studies were judged to be ‘low’. The level of evidence was determined to be ‘low’ for the effectiveness of the technique and ‘moderate’ for the ease of clinical applicability.

Conclusion
Despite methodological heterogeneity, this review substantiates the comparable efficacy of cephalometric and morphometric MSP construction methods. A fully automated morphometric MSP holds promise as a viable option for routine clinical use. Nevertheless, future prospective studies with an emphasis on the impact, accuracy, and clinical applicability of MSP construction techniques in cases of facial asymmetry are required.

Clinical relevance
The present review will assist clinicians in selecting the most suitable method for MSP construction, leading to improved treatment planning and ultimately more favorable treatment outcomes.
Novel insights into the classification of Shamblin III carotid body tumors from a neurosurgical perspective
Authors: Ma Qianquan , Si Yu , Sun Mingyang , Yuan Wanzhong , Wu Chao , Han Yunfeng , Yin Xiaoliang , Yang Jun , Wang Tao 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and purpose
The classic Shamblin system fails to provide valuable guidance in many Shamblin’s III carotid body tumors (III-CBTs) due to the variable forms of carotid arteries and the complex anatomic relationships in parapharyngeal space. We proposed a modified classification to separately divide III-CBTs into different subgroups on the basis of arterial relevant features and anatomical relevant features.

Materials and methods
From 2020 to 2023, a total of 129 III-CBTs at a single institution were retrospectively analyzed. All cases were independently classified as arterial-relevant and anatomical-relevant subgroups. The pre-, peri- and postoperative data were summarized and compared accordingly.

Results
Among the 129 cases, 69 cases were identified as “Classical type”, 23 cases as “Medial type”, 27 cases as “Lateral type” and 10 cases as “Enveloped type” according to arterial morphologies. Besides, 76 cases were identified as “Common type”, 15 cases as “Pharynx- invasion type”, 18 cases as “Skull base-invasion type” and 20 cases as “Mixed type” according to anatomical relationships. “Enveloped type” of tumors in arterial-relevant classification and “Mixed type” of tumors in anatomical-relevant classification are the most challenging cases for surgeons with the lowest resection rate, highest incidence of carotid arteries injury and postoperative stroke.

Conclusion
The modified classifications provide comprehensive understanding of different III-CBTs which are applicable for individualized treatment in clinical practice.
The performance of the EQ-HWB-S as a measure of quality-of-life of caregivers in families that have experienced adverse events
Authors: Bailey Cate , Dalziel Kim , Constable Leanne , Devlin Nancy J. , Hiscock Harriet , Skouteris Helen , Peasgood Tessa 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose
The recently developed EQ Health and Wellbeing Instrument (EQ-HWB) is a broad, generic measure of quality-of-life designed to be suitable for caregivers. The aim of this study was to investigate performance and validity of the 9-item version (EQ-HWB-S) for caregivers where families had experienced adverse-life-events.

Methods
Using survey data from caregivers of children aged 0–8 years attending a community-health centre in 2021–2022, the general performance, feasibility, convergent and known-group validity, responsiveness-to-change, and test–retest reliability of the EQ-HWB-S was assessed. Twelve semi-structured interviews were conducted with survey respondents to assess acceptability and content validity.

Results
The sample included 234 caregivers at baseline (81% female, mean age 36-years, 38% Australian-born) and 190 at 6-months follow-up. Most EQ-HWB-S item responses were evenly spread, except for ‘Mobility’. The instrument showed good convergent validity with psychological distress (Kessler 6 (K6)) and personal-wellbeing (PWI-A) scales. EQ-HWB-S level sum-scores and preference-weighted scores were significantly different in all known-group analyses, in expected directions, and the instrument was responsive to change. For test–retest reliability, Intraclass Correlation Coefficients were excellent and individual item Kappa scores were moderate. The instrument was well received by interviewees who found the questions clear and relevant. The items were appropriate for parents experiencing adversity and carers of children with additional needs.

Conclusion
The EQ-HWB-S appeared valid, responsive to change, feasible, and well accepted by caregivers. By demonstrating the validity of the EQ-HWB-S in this hard-to-reach population of caregivers in families experiencing adverse events, this study adds to existing international evidence supporting its use.
Associations between sleep quality and coping style among front-line nurses: a cross-sectional study in China
Authors: Wang Hui , Shen Jin-hua , Dai Jun , Zhu Jiang-xia , Tong Li , Zhang Xue-qing 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Aims
Good sleep is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, to prevent errors and injuries that may occur during caregiving. This study investigated the sleep quality and coping styles of nurses during the post-pandemic period, as well as related factors.

Subject and methods
An online observational cross-sectional study involving 1022 nursing staff was conducted. Participants completed questionnaires on job characteristics, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ). Pearson’s correlation and multiple logistic regression analyses confirmed interactions between these factors.

Results
A total of 1022 nurses completed the survey, of whom 90.90% (n = 929) were female, and 87.38% were over 25 years old. The PSQI score was 10.51(2.23), and 91.1% (n = 931) of the nurses had sleep disturbances. In this study, we found that PSQI was associated with SCSQ. Multivariate analysis showed that age (36–40 years), frequency of night shifts (9–11 times/month, ≥ 12 times/month), and less humanistic care were risk factors for sleep disorders among night shift nurses (P < 0.05), whereas frequency of exercise (1 time/week), non-attendance of training and learning after night shifts, and SCSQ positivity were protective factors for sleep disorders (P < 0.05).

Conclusions
Sleep quality of medical staff, especially nurses, was affected by shift work during the post-pandemic era. Designing the best strategy for employees who are more likely to have sleep disorders, such as experienced nurses, will support them through sleep hygiene education and strengthen the humanistic solicitude of nurses.
Imperfect adaptation by freshwater crocodiles to the invasion of a toxic prey species
Authors: Letnic Mike , Dempster Tim , Jessop Tim S. , Webb Jonathan K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNovel interactions between invaders and native species that have evolved in their absence may impose strong selective pressures that drive species to extinction or prompt rapid co-evolution and learning. Here, we report on the effects that invasive cane toads, a toxic prey species, have had on freshwater crocodile populations in 7 waterholes of the Victoria River, Australia, before and up to 14 years after toads invaded. We recorded observations of crocodiles attacking toads, dissected dead crocodiles to determine if they had eaten toads and indexed the abundances of cane toads, live crocodiles and dead crocodiles. Following toad-invasion we observed crocodiles attacking cane toads. Dead crocodiles were only observed following the invasion of toads and 62% of the 71 dead crocodiles we dissected had toads in their stomachs. Counts of dead crocodiles showed a humped relationship with time since toad invasion and declined markedly after 3 years post-toad invasion. Live crocodile abundance declined sharply following toad-invasion, but this decline attenuated approximately 4 years post-invasion. The pulse of crocodile mortality and attenuation of the rate of crocodile population decline suggests that crocodiles have evolved or learned to enable co-existence with toads. However, crocodile populations have shown no sign of recovery in the 8–14 years post toad invasion. Our findings highlight that adaptation by native species to the presence of invaders may be imperfect and thus may not necessarily entail numerical recovery of populations to pre-invasion levels, but instead downward shifts to new equilibria due to ongoing interactions with invaders.