bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The few virus‐like genes of Cotesia congregata bracovirus
Authors: Drezen J‐M. , Bézier A. , Lesobre J. , Huguet E. , Cattolico L. , Periquet G. , Dupuy C. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe origin of the symbiotic association between parasitoid wasps and bracoviruses is still unknown. From phylogenetic analyses, bracovirus‐associated wasp species constitute a monophyletic group, the microgastroid complex. Thus all wasp–bracovirus associations could have originated from the integration of an ancestral virus in the genome of the ancestor of the microgastroids. In an effort to identify a set of virus genes that would give clues on the nature of the ancestral virus, we have recently performed the complete sequencing of the genome of CcBV, the bracovirus of the wasp Cotesia congregata. We describe here the putative proteins encoded by CcBV genome having significant similarities with sequences from known viruses and mobile elements. The analysis of CcBV gene content does not lend support to the hypothesis that bracoviruses originated from a baculovirus. Moreover, no consistent homology was found between CcBV genes and any set of genes constituting the core genome of a known free‐living virus. We discuss the significance of the scarce homology found between proteins from CcBV and other viruses or mobile elements. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:110–122, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Venom proteins from polydnavirus‐producing endoparasitoids: Their role in host‐parasite interactions
Authors: Asgari Sassan 
Published: February 2006

AbstractEndoparasitoid wasps have evolved various mechanisms to ensure successful development of their progeny, including co‐injection of a cocktail of maternal secretions into the host hemocoel, including venom, calyx fluid, and polydnaviruses. The components of each type of secretion may influence host physiology and development independently or in a synergistic fashion. For example, venom fluid consists of several peptides and proteins that promote expression of polydnavirus genes in addition to other activities, such as inhibition of prophenoloxidase activation, inhibition of hemocytes spreading and aggregation, and inhibition of development. This review provides a brief overview of advances and prospects in the study of venom proteins from polydnavirus‐producing endoparasitoid wasps with a special emphasis on the role of C. rubecula venom proteins in host–parasitoid interactions. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:146–156, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An empirical model of the sympatric coexistence of two strains of the endoparasitoid wasp Venturia canescens
Authors: Roberts Harry L.S. , Keller Michael , Schmidt Otto 
Published: February 2006

AbstractRecent research has demonstrated that a laboratory culture of the asexual solitary endoparasitoid wasp Venturia canescens Grav. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) contains two genetically and phenotypically distinct lines, coexisting on their host the flour moth Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). The basis to the coexistence of the two lines appears to be differences in their reproductive success under single parasitism and superparasitism. Furthermore, examination of field‐derived wasps from several locations has shown that the phenotypes displayed by the laboratory colonies also co‐occur in field populations. Historically, the impossibility of showing that two species do not occupy separate niches has precluded any demonstration of sympatric coexistence in the field. Here we present the results of an iterative model that uses a range of experimental life history data to predict the stable composition of a mixed population of two lines displaying the laboratory phenotypes under different rates of superparasitism. The model predicts that sympatric coexistence of the two lines is possible when the overall rate of superparasitism is between 4 and 12% or greater. These values are within the rates reported for other solitary endoparasitoid wasp species in the field, and so demonstrate that the sympatric coexistence under natural conditions of two species that display the phenotypes observed in the laboratory lines is, in principle, possible. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:184–194, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evolutionary origin of Venturia canescens virus‐like particles
Authors: Reineke Annette , Asgari Sassan , Schmidt Otto 
Published: February 2006

AbstractInsect host‐parasitoid interactions provide fascinating examples of evolutionary adaptations in which the parasitoid employs a variety of measures and countermeasures to overcome the immune responses of its host. Maternal factors introduced by the female wasps during egg deposition play an important role in interfering with cellular and humoral components of the host's immune defence. Some of these components actively suppress host immune components and some are believed to confer protection for the developing endoparasitoid by rather passive means. The Venturia canescens/Ephestia kuehniella parasitoid‐host system is unique among other systems in that the cellular defence capacity of the host remains virtually intact after parasitization. This system raises some important questions that are discussed in this mini‐review: If immune protection of the egg and the emerging larva is achieved by surface properties comprising glycoproteins and virus‐like particles (VLPs) produced by the female wasp, why is the prophenoloxidase activating cascade blocked in parasitized caterpillars? Another question is the evolutionary origin of these particles, given that the functional role and structural features of V. canescens VLP proteins are more related to cellular proteins than to viruses. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:123–133, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein tyrosine phosphatases of Toxoneuron nigriceps bracovirus as potential disrupters of host prothoracic gland function
Authors: Falabella Patrizia , Caccialupi Pasqua , Varricchio Paola , Malva Carla , Pennacchio Francesco 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe genomic sequence of the bracovirus associated with the wasp Toxoneuron nigriceps (Hymenoptera, Braconidae) (TnBV), an endophagous parasitoid of the tobacco budworm larvae, Heliothis virescens (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), contains a large gene family coding for protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Here we report the characterization of cDNAs for two of the viral PTPs isolated by screening a cDNA library from haemocytes of parasitized host larvae. The two encoded proteins show 70% amino acid identity and are expressed in the fat body of parasitized hosts. In addition, one was expressed in inactivated prothoracic glands (PTGs), 24 h after parasitoid oviposition. The rapid block of ecdysteroidogenesis does not appear to be due to inhibition of general protein synthesis, as indirectly indicated by the unaltered S6 kinase activity in the cytosolic extracts of basal PTGs from parasitized host larvae. Rather, TnBV PTP over‐expression in inactivated host PTGs suggests that gland function may be affected by the disruption of the phosphorylation balance of key proteins regulating points upstream from the ribosomal S6 phosphorylation in the PTTH signaling cascade. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 61:157–169, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Association between PM10 mass concentration and wind direction in London
Authors: Sanchez‐Reyna Gabriela , Wang Kuo‐Ying , Gallardo J. C. , Shallcross Dudley E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA statistical association was found between PM10 concentration and wind direction in London and Rochester. Results indicate that PM10 levels were 10.4 µg/m3 (30.7%) above the average when air came from the ESE sector. The possible impact on particle loading due to changes in wind direction is discussed. Copyright © 2006 Royal Meteorological Society
Realistic, real‐time rendering of ocean waves
Authors: Hu Yaohua , Velho Luiz , Tong Xin , Guo Baining , Shum Harry 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn computer games and other real‐time graphics applications, the ocean surface is typically modelled as a texture or bump‐mapped plane with simple lighting effects. This paper describes a system for realistically rendering the water surface in real time. Our system can render calm ocean waves with sophisticated lighting effects at 100 fps on a 680 MHz Pentium III with a GeForce 3 graphics card. The wave geometry is represented view‐dependently as a dynamic displacement map with surface detail described by a dynamic bump map. The illumination model includes reflection, refraction and Fresnel effects, which are critical for producing the look and feel of water. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consumers behaving badly: deviation or innovation? Power struggles on the web
Authors: Denegri‐Knott Janice 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

This paper sets out to conceptually explore emerging communication patterns online and apparently deviant behaviours they can sustain within the scope of consumer‐producer relationships as power struggles. In addition it seeks to advance a conceptualisation of the balancing of power between consumers and producers on the web through contesting discourses labelling deviance. Theories in computer‐mediated‐communications (CMC) and cyber‐cultural studies are first covered to describe why consumers might engage in apparently deviant behaviour. Following this, definitions of power are provided and the work of Foucault is borrowed in order to evaluate how strategies of power can be based on deviant behaviour online. This paper concludes that given the yet to be normalised nature of the Internet, the current balance of power between producers and consumers could be determined by the establishment of a discourse outlining what is the norm and what is deviant. Implications for producers and consumers are discussed.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The antecedents of consumer loyalty in retail banking
Authors: Lewis Barbara R , Soureli Magdalini 
Published: February 2006

Abstract

This paper is focused on a study designed to investigate loyalty in retail banking. The research findings suggest that loyalty is the outcome of a cognitive rather than an affective process. The main antecedents of bank loyalty were found to be perceived value, service quality, service attributes, satisfaction, image and trust: constructs that are inter‐related and form a network of loyalty antecedents.

Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Participating in the culture of cancer: a demilitarized approach to treatment
Authors: Flemons Douglas G. , Shulimson Judith A. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis case study describes the use of hypnosis with an anthropologist diagnosed with breast cancer. The therapist utilized the client's sense of identity as a qualitative researcher, as well as her knowledge of and respect for indigenous cultures, to help her actively engage in her chemotherapy treatment and to help her better tolerate the side‐effects of the medication. He also used hypnosis to attempt to improve the functioning of her immune system, employing, at her request, an alternative approach to standard military‐based images. Considering immunity to be a cognitive process, the therapist designed metaphors that focused on improving the immune system's ability to perceive, learn, and achieve balance. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Adorning the clenched fist
Authors: Stanton Harry E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractFor many years, Stein's (1963) clenched fist technique has been a valuable therapeutic tool. By combining it with the Neuro‐Linguistic Programming approaches of installing belief and rapid trance, it can be made even more powerful. Case studies illustrating how this combined method might be used include that of a public servant having difficulties with promotion interviews, a real estate saleswoman suffering from lack of confidence, and a minister of religion struggling with loss of faith. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnosis as a conversation: ‘believed‐in imaginings’ revisited
Authors: Sarbin Theodore R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe experiences of hypnosis subjects are known only through the accounts they render during or after the hypnosis session. The accounts of their counterexpectational conduct are communicated through spoken and body language. For this reason, it is useful to regard the hypnosis interaction as a conversation. It follows that the conversation can be studied with the tools of discourse analysis. I provide three examples of discourse analysis all of which are consistent with the claim that accounts of counterexpectational conduct are ‘believed‐in imaginings’. I offer a psychological and semiotic analysis of those human actions that are identified as imaginings and believings. The reasons for believing in one's imaginings are best uncovered through examining the subject's self‐narrative. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
A short experiential scale of hypnosis
Authors: Page Roger A. , Handley George W. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThe present paper attempts to establish a short experiential index of hypnosis that: (l) can be used to predict hypnotic susceptibility while minimizing the possible production of negative expectations that might be generated by the failure of difficult items in full standardized scales, and (2) can be used as a screening device to investigate other experiential indices like depth reports or absorption. Study 1 revealed that retrospective realness ratings of two Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS:A) items, arm rigidity and eye catalepsy, correlated most highly with full HGSHS:A scores (R = 0.62 when presented in the full 12‐item scale). Study 2 indicated that the predictive power of these items was reduced somewhat when they were administered as a stand‐alone scale (R = 0.54). Results suggest a scale combining these two items would provide a quick and convenient quantitative index predictive of susceptibility that could be employed in both clinical and experimental settings. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Contextual influences on the relationship between absorption and hypnotic ability
Authors: Oakman Jonathan M. , Woody Erik Z. , Bowers Kenneth S. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractCouncil, Kirsch, and Hafner (1986) have argued that the relationship between absorption and hypnotic ability might depend on the context in which the measures are administered. We employed a sample of 88 university students and replicated the context effect, finding both a significant difference in the correlation between a measure of absorption and hypnotic ability across contexts and a change in the regression slope across contexts when absorption is used as a predictor of hypnotic ability. No context effects were found for a measure of dissociative experiences which was included as a control. These results are somewhat difficult to reconcile with the expectancy theory described by Council, Kirsch and Hafner (1986). An alternative explanation in terms of S's interpretations of absorption items is discussed. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Autogenic training: a self‐hypnosis technique to achieve physiological change in a stress management programme
Authors: Houghton David M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractAutogenic therapy was taught to a group of teachers attending a stress management course as a means to their achieving physiological change in the form of reduced pulse rates. Autogenic exercises enabled all the teachers to reduce their pulse rates with significant consistency during a 14‐week period (P < 0.0001). There were no differences between females and males in the magnitude of changed pulse rates. The teachers' successes in using autogenic therapy were not influenced by behaviour characteristics such as A‐type behaviours, speed and impatience, job involvement or hard driving as revealed by the Jenkins Activity Survey or by behaviours identified by a schedule that measured self‐perceptions of life‐management skills. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Simulation, surreptitious observation and the modification of hypnotizability: two tests of the compliance hypothesis
Authors: Spanos Nicholas P. , Burgess Cheryl A. , Wallace‐Capretta Suzanne , Ouaida Nadina , Streich Thomas , Cross Patricia 
Published: February 2006

AbstractIn Experiment 1, two groups of subjects low in hypnotizability were administered the full Carleton Skills Training Package (CSTP) to enhance hypnotizability and two groups were given a partial version of the CSTP, which eliminates information aimed at teaching an active interpretation of suggestions. Half the subjects given the full CSTP and half given the partial CSTP were instructed to fake their way through the training and later hypnotizability post‐tests. Simulators in both the full and partial group exhibited equivalently high post‐test scores, but non‐simulators given the full CSTP attained higher post‐test scores than non‐simulators given the partial CSTP. These findings suggest that the partial and full CSTP contain equivalent compliance demands and that differences between these procedures in enhancing hypnotizability stems from the interpretational skills taught by the full CSTP. In Experiment 2, hypnotic post‐test responding was surreptitiously observed when subjects believed that they were alone. Simulators instructed to fake their way through the CSTP and the post‐test stopped responding when they believed they were alone. CSTP non‐simulators and subjects who attained high hypnotizability without training exhibited high levels of post‐test responding while alone. Together the findings of the two experiments indicate that compliance cannot account adequately for the hypnotizability enhancements induced by skill training. Copyright © 1996 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Hypnotic anaesthesia and the circle‐touch test: investigating the components of the instructions
Authors: Wilton Heather J. , Barnier Amanda J. , McConkey Kevin M. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractHigh hypnotizable individuals were administered a suggestion for hypnotic anaesthesia in a circular area on the palm of the hand, and the suggestion was assessed through the circle‐touch test. The test was given under three instructional conditions: (1) to say ‘yes’ when touched outside the hypnotically anaesthetized circle, and ‘no’ when touched inside the circle; (2) to say ‘yes’ when touched outside the circle; and (3) to say ‘no’ when touched inside the circle. The findings indicated particular similarities and differences across the instructional conditions in the pattern of subjects' responses to touches with aesthesiometers inside and outside the circular area. Specifically, subjects instructed to say ‘yes’ when touched in the non‐anaesthetized area did so, and those instructed to say ‘no’ when touched in the anaesthetized area also tended to do so. The instruction to say ‘yes’ when touched outside the circle influenced responding outside, but not inside, the circle; the instruction to say ‘no’ when touched inside the circle influenced responding both inside and outside the circle. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the conduct of the circle‐touch test and the understanding of hypnotic anaesthesia. In addition, the implications for understanding trance logic, or the tolerance of logical incongruity by hypnotized individuals, and for appreciating the social and cognitive processes operating in the hypnotic setting, are highlighted. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Strategy selection and hypnotic performance
Authors: Gorassini Donald R. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA scale of hypnotic suggestibility was administered to 447 participants who were asked to describe the strategies they used to respond to suggestions. Responses as planned generally corresponded to responses that actually occurred; the more actively and directly subjects sought to produce the classic phenomena of hypnotic performance, including non‐volitional experiencing, the more frequently the outcomes occurred. The implications of these findings for an action control account of hypnotic suggestibility are discussed. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
A note on ‘experts’ in forensic hypnosis
Authors: Vingoe Frank J. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractWagstaff (1995), referring to the Expert Criterion Group that was used in Vingoe's (1995) article on the beliefs about forensic hypnosis, suggested that it would be interesting to know the views of those potential expert subjects who were not used in the Expert Criterion Group since, he argued, that a lack of practice in forensic hypnosis would not necessarily invalidate a person's opinions, especially in the area of memory. Results of comparing both groups on the 30 items of the Forensic Hypnosis Understanding and Beliefs Scale, indicated fairly close agreement on 18 items, including eight of the ten‐item Memory and Hypnosis subscale. Using an arbitrary difference in response of 30%, it was found that the groups differed in their response on six items. In conclusion, Wagstaff's suggestion was well supported. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Brief hypnotherapy with passive children
Authors: Browne S.E. 
Published: February 2006

AbstractThis is a report of the successful use of hypnotic suggestions aimed at encouraging self‐assertion and self‐acceptance in 51 children aged from 6–15 seen in a general medical practice with psychogenic enuresis or abdominal pain, school phobias, behavioural problems or chronic anxiety. All children treated were passive, timid and unassertive. The psychodynamics of passivity and of assertive therapy are discussed. Thirty‐nine children were rated at a two‐year follow‐up as completely recovered; twelve made no permanent improvement. The average total time spent on treatment was only one and a half hours so this approach to hypnotherapy may be of interest to general medical practitioners as well as child psychiatrists and therapists. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis
Yellow pagesTM hypnotherapists: a survey of the south
Authors: West Victoria , Easton Simon , Fellows Brian 
Published: February 2006

AbstractA questionnaire survey was conducted in order to investigate the professional uses of hypnosis by individuals who advertised in the ‘Hypnotherapists’ section of the Yellow PagesTM in the south of England. This study was conducted as a follow up to a national survey of members of the British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis (BSECH) (West, Fellows & Easton, 1995). The questionnaire was based on that used in the BSECH survey and was designed to provide background data and information on training experiences, professional activities, theoretical orientation and clinical practices. One hundred and ten individuals were sent the questionnaire and 39 responded (36% response rate). Findings are discussed with reference to the BSECH survey findings (West et al, 1995). The results indicated some similarities, and several differences, between the Yellow PagesTM sample and the BSECH. In contrast to the BSECH, the Yellow PagesTM sample were all in private practice, were more sympathetic to the concept of a hypnotic state, saw smoking as being successfully treated and were more likely to persevere with hypnosis with unresponsive participants. However, both samples had similar views about the relevance of hypnotic susceptibility and reported a similar incidence of complications. Copyright © 1997 British Society of Experimental and Clinical Hypnosis