bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Metronomic scheduling of a cyclic hexapeptide Ra‐VII for anti‐angiogenesis, tumor vessel maturation and anti‐tumor activity
Authors: Koizumi Takayuki , Abe Mayumi , Yamakuni Tohru , Ohizumi Yasushi , Hitotsuyanagi Yukio , Takeya Koichi , Sato Yasufumi 
Published: April 2006

RA‐VII, a cyclic hexapeptide isolated from Rubiae radix, binds to actin, causing a conformational change in the actin molecule and inducing G2 arrest by inhibiting cytokinesis. Here we examined the effect of RA‐VII, its water‐soluble derivative, and related RA‐III and RA‐V on endothelial cells. Among the four compounds tested, RA‐VII most potently inhibited angiogenesis‐related properties of endothelial cells (i.e. migration and proliferation) in vitro. We confirmed the anti‐angiogenic activity of RA‐VII in vivo by using a mouse corneal model. We then applied RA‐VII for the treatment of tumors in mice. Daily intraperitoneal injection of RA‐VII (1.5 or 3 mg/kg/day) exhibited no toxic effect on the animals, but significantly and dose dependently inhibited the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma cells previously inoculated into the mice. Interestingly, although two doses of RA‐VII decreased the tumor vascular area to a similar extent, a higher dose of RA‐VII led to tumor vessel maturation together with a significant increase in tumor cell apoptosis. Also, RA‐VII showed a cytotoxic effect on Lewis lung carcinoma cells. These results indicate that metronomic scheduling of RA‐VII is efficient for cancer treatment. A careful dose setting of RA‐VII is crucial to obtain therapeutic superiority, possibly through tumor vessel maturation and a better distribution of the compound in the tumor tissue. (Cancer Sci 2006; 97:665–674)
Review article: a critical view on impaired accommodation as therapeutic target for functional dyspepsia
Authors: VAN DEN ELZEN B. D. J. , BOECKXSTAENS G. E. E. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySeveral important pathophysiological mechanisms have been identified in functional dyspepsia, however a complete understanding of these mechanisms and beneficial therapeutic strategies are still lacking. Based on the currently available literature we aimed at providing a critical view on one of these pathophysiological mechanisms, impaired accommodation.Although impaired gastric accommodation is identified as a major pathophysiological mechanism, the clinical evidence supporting its role as an important therapeutic target is currently still lacking. Treatment with fundic relaxant drugs has shown conflicting results and has been rather disappointing in general.These negative findings could be explained by the fact that impaired fundic accommodation is part of a more complex disorder involving other regions of the proximal gut or by the increasing insight that central mechanisms may play an important role. Future studies of impaired accommodation should take these considerations into account.
PARENTS OF DOWN'S SYNDROME BABIES: THEIR EARLY NEEDS*
Authors: CUNNINGHAM CLIFF C. , SLOPER TRICIA 
Published: April 2006

Summary The paper reports the results of detailed interviews with parents of Down's syndrome infants shortly after their being informed of the diagnosis. It reviews previous studies and confirms a number of findings.1 The majority of parents wish to be told of the diagnosis as soon as possible and with the spouse present.2 They do not automatically resent the ‘teller’.3 They wish to be told directly but sympathetically, in private and have access to the baby.4 Several interviews are needed at short intervals following the initial telling for parents to ask further questions and to assimilate more information about their child's condition.
Gastrooesophageal reflux in children with cerebral palsy
Authors: REYES A. L. , CASH A. J. , GREEN S. H. , BOOTH I. W. 
Published: April 2006

Summary Feeding difficulties, vomiting and recurrent chest infections associated with poor growth and nutrition are common in children with cerebral palsy (CP). However, the role of gastrooesophageal reflux as a possible cause has been little studied. We therefore investigated 23 children with cerebral palsy (median age 2–3 years, range 0–6‐11‐8) whose symptoms were consistent with gastrooesophageal reflux (severe feeding difficulties 70%, failure to thrive 52%, anaemia 31% and recurrent chest infections 31%). Using 24‐hour ambulatory oesophageal pH monitoring, we determined the relationship between gastrooesophageal reflux and: (a) developmental age (Griffith's scales); (b) feeding behaviour skills score; (c) nutritional status and (d) clinical assessment of cerebral palsy (type and severity). Abnormal gastrooesophageal reflux (i.e. reflux index > 5%) was detected in 16 (70%) patients (median reflux index 11–4%; range 5·4–59%).Reflux was unrelated to chronological or developmental age, but there was a significant, unexplained association with male gender (P < 0·01). No correlation was found with feeding behaviour skills score, malnutrition (which was commonly severe) and type and severity of cerebral palsy. We conclude that gastrooesophageal reflux is common and should be sought in symptomatic, neurologically handicapped children as effective treatment is likely to improve quality of life.
Training needs of staff in Romanian institutions for young children
Authors: STEPHENSON PATRICIA , ANGHELESCU CARMEN , FUMAREL STELIANA , GEORGESCU ADRIAN , IORGULESCU DANIELA , MCCREERY ROSEMARY , NANU RODICA , FALACARI GEORGETA , POPA STELIAN , STANESCU ALIN , STATIVA ECATERINA 
Published: April 2006

Summary In order to make adequate provision for staffing and staff training in leagane (long‐term residential care institutions for preschool age children in Romania) a postal survey was conducted in the autumn of 1991 to ascertain the demographic characteristics, job titles and educational attainment of directors and staff, staffing needs and the kinds of positions currently filled, the numbers of directors and staff exposed to continuing education programmes within the last 2 years, and the opinions of directors and staff regarding their most important continuing educational needs.The bulk of the direct care workforce was less than 50 years old. Thirty‐four per cent of the direct care staff had less than a high‐school education. Sixty‐seven per cent of the staff were health professionals or health care workers. There were few psychologists, physical therapists, teachers or social workers.In the last 2 years, directors and other physicians had been mostly exposed to courses in the areas of psycho‐social care/management and paediatric medical care. Nurses had attended professional development courses. Infirmiera (nursing assistants) had also attended professional development courses such as those offered by foreign non‐governmental organizations on the care of institutionalized children. Educators (teaching assistants) had attended courses in child development and rehabilitation. Directors and staff expressed clear opinions regarding their needs and preferences for additional training
Prevalence of giardiasis among primary school children
Authors: NIMRI L. F. 
Published: April 2006

Summary
This cross‐sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasites among primary school children in Northern Jordan. Stool specimens were collected from 1100 children of both sexes from urban and rural schools. A questionnaire covering relevant informations was completed for each child. Wet mount preparation, formaline‐ether concentration technique, and trichrome stain were prepared for the recovery and identification of parasites. Giardia lamblia was observed in 396 (36%) of the stool specimens examined. The infection rates were higher in the younger age group where several of them had diarrhoea and reported variable symptoms. The infection rates declined with age and children were asymptomatic. Rates were higher in children from the rural areas, from low income families, and it was higher in boys than girls.Contaminated drinking water is suspected to be the major potential source of infection. The importance of the asymptomatic cases and the epidemiological factors contributing to the transmission in these areas are discussed.
Sleep disruption in young children. The influence of temperament on the sleep patterns of pre‐school children
Authors: Atkinson E , Vetere A , Grayson K 
Published: April 2006

SummarySleep problems are a common concern of parents with toddlers. Various reasons have been put forward as to the possible causes and maintenance of sleep disruption. These have included neurophysical differences in the child, perinatal differences such as a long labour and depression and anxiety in the parents themselves resulting in adverse effects on the child's sleep patterns. However, recent research has indicated that a child's temperamental style may be a possible causal factor as to whether the child will present its parents with a sleep problem. This study, therefore, sets out to investigate the importance of temperament as a predictor of whether children may or may not have sleep problems. Environmental factors are controlled as far as possible by selecting toddlers with and without sleep problems from very similar environments. Case studies are also introduced to further illuminate other possible associated factors such as parental handling. The results from this study found significant differences in the temperament profiles of children with and without sleep problems. Children with reported sleep problems were more likely to obtain a‘intermediate high to difficult’profile. Various findings from a group of toddlers with and without sleep problems are discussed in this paper together with implications of the findings and recommendations for further research.
Two cases of severe head‐banging parasomnias in peripubertal males resulting from otitis media in toddlerhood
Authors: Bramble D 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe author presents two case reports of peripubertal boys with severe and chronic head‐banging parasomnias, or rhythmic movement disorders (RMDs), which started de novo whilst they were suffering from recurrent and severe otitis media in toddierhood. Treatment consisting of straightforward behaviour modification techniques and advice concerning healthy sleeping habits proved highly successful. It is proposed that these late‐onset or‘acquired’forms of RMD might be distinct from those which continue from infancy which have a stronger developmental aetiology.
Sibling empathy and behavioural adjustment of children with chronic illness
Authors: Janus M , Goldberg S 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study Investigated the relationship of healthy siblings’empathy to the psychosocial adjustment of children with a congenital heart disease (CHD) in 28 sibling dyads aged 3.5‐11 years, as well as the perceived quality of sibling Interactions, reported by mothers and children with illness. As in previous studies, children with CHD were reported to have more behaviour problems in the clinical range than either siblings or normative populations. On the basis of a task unconnected with illness issues, siblings were assigned to a high or low empathy group. Children with illness, but not their mothers, saw the siblings with high empathy more positively than those with low empathy. However, the adjustment of the children with illness did not differ between high and low empathy groups. Findings suggest the need to seek children's points of view when studying psychosocial effects of paediatric conditions.
Establishing a district palliative care team for children
Authors: Wallace A C , Jackson S 
Published: April 2006

SummayThe children's palliative care team aims to ensure a high standard of care and support for children with life‐threatening illnesses and their families. The team works through primary care teams and with hospital staff to ensure consistency and continuity of care and to maintain awareness of good practice and acts as a resource for staff from independent and voluntary agencies. The team consists of a consultant community paediatrician, clinical child psychologist, a dedicated social worker, sick children's trained district nurse, a senior member of staff from the children's ward, a health visitor, a school nurse, and a special school nurse. Other professionals are co‐opted to the team as and when considered necessary, for example hospice consultant, pain specialist, dietician, paediatric pharmacist, chaplain. This paper describes how the children's palliative care team was set up and the first 2 years of its functioning.
Education for children with a poor prognosis: reflections on parental wishes and on an appropriate curriculum
Authors: Closs A , Burnett A 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis paper examines the wishes expressed by parents in relation to the education of their children who are in the advanced stages of a life‐threatening condition. They hope that through participating in education, their children will achieve success or fulfil their potential, experience peer friendship or, at least, companionship, have interests and activities which may distract them from the unpleasant aspects of their condition, leave behind a marker of their existence and above all, experience some aspects of a normal life. The curricular models available upon which education programmes for these children may be based are examined critically In relation to all children's entitlement to an‘appropriate curriculum. Factors which may impede teachers’willingness and ability to address the educational and other needs of their dying pupils are explored and some positive ways forward are suggested.
Diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy: parents’experiences and satisfaction
Authors: Green J M , Murton F E 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe purpose of the study was to investigate parents' experiences of diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Data were collected retrospectively by postal questionnaire from the parents of 158 boys diagnosed at different times and locations and, for some, after lengthy periods of uncertainty. Most parents knew nothing about Duchenne before being given the diagnosis. There was considerable variation in parents' experiences but the only independent predictors of parents' satisfaction with how the diagnosis was given were obtaining the information that they wanted and feeling that they had understood and remembered it. What distinguishes Duchenne from, say, Down syndrome is that doctors are having to deliver a death sentence on a child. Our data show that this can be done in a way that is satisfactory to parents. What is required is empathy and sensitivity to parents' informational and emotional needs.
Summer holiday respite provision for the families of children and young people with learning disabilities
Authors: McGill P 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWhile the provision of respite care is a relatively recent development in the provision of services to families, it is an area of considerable growth and apparent importance. Most service development and research has focused on the provision of residential or family‐based respite care though some studies have commented on the apparent demand for other kinds of relief. This study describes a pilot summer play scheme for children with learning disabilities and the reactions of mothers to its provision. The characteristics of families who used the scheme are described and their felt needs for additional respite care explored. Mothers found the scheme very useful and expressed felt needs for substantially more such provision both during the summer and at other times. The findings are discussed in the context of the importance of developing respite services which meet the varied needs of families.
Allergic contact purpura
Authors: CALNAN C. D. , PEACHEY R. D. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIsopropylaminodiphenylamine, an antioxidant used in the manufacture of some types of rubber, is capable of causing an allergic contact dermatitis. Some cases are associated with a widespread purpuric capillaritis similar to the eruption produced by sensitivity to carbromal and meprobamate.Two typical cases of this reaction are described in men following the wearing of rubber boots. All haematological findings were normal. No evidence on the mechanism involved has been found.
The significance of food antibodies in familial dysautonomia
Authors: KLETTER B. , NOACH Z. , ROTEM Y. , MOSES S. , FREIER S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryImmunological studies have shown that antibodies to cow's milk protein in dysautonomic children are probably due to recurrent aspiration. The immunologicai mechanisms involved do not seem to include reaginic activity but, on the other hand, complement binding Arthus type phenomena probably do occur. There is, therefore, theoretical support for withholding milk protein from dysautonomic children. Our clinical trials were not sufficiently prolonged to prove the usefulness of milk‐free diets in practice.
Basophils in bronchial asthma with reference to reagin‐type allergy
Authors: KIMURA IKURO , MORITANI YOSHIAKI , TANIZAKI YOSHIRO 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe relationship of the basophils in the peripheral blood of patients with bronchial asthma to their allergic reactions has been studied. The basophils were stained and counted using our improved method of Kovács. The results showed that the basophils increased in the pre‐attack stage and a count of 65/mm3 or more made it possible to predict a forthcoming attack. Among the patients on prolonged treatment, the basophils which were over this level during repeated asthmatic attacks decreased during the attack‐free stage, reflecting the effects of therapy. It was also found that the basophils were increased in those patients with allergic asthma whose sera gave positive Prausnitz‐Küstner reactions. This study suggests a significant relationship of peripheral blood basophils with the allergic reaction.
Description and immunological findings
Authors: REEVES W. G. , CAMERON J. S. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. , OGG C. S. , PETERS D. K. , WELLER R. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThree cases are described showing a seasonal exacerbation of their nephrotic syndrome in association with an atopic trait and grass pollen allergy. The first patient has a history of four consecutive seasonal relapses each requiring steroid therapy. Following a course of desensitization injections he has now been free of relapse for 3 consecutive years. The second patient has also had a recurrent steroid‐sensitive nephrotic syndrome often associated with the pollen season and allergic rhinitis. In this patient a course of cyclophosphamide has reduced his tendency to relapse. The third patient who has been on continuous prednisone therapy shows a seasonal increase in proteinuria.Serum changes in the first two patients include: a seasonal rise in total and grass pollen specific IgE; the continued presence of grass pollen specific IgG throughout the year but with a reduction during the pollen season in association with a more pronounced fall in the total IgG level; a depression in the C3 level in association with each major relapse; a mild rise in the I‐K titre and a positive result in the C1q test for circulating complexes. A renal biopsy performed on the first patient when in relapse showed minor histological changes only and IgG. IgM, IgA, IgD, IgE, C3 and fibrinogen were undetectable by immunofluorescent examination. The probable mechanism for the development of proteinuria in these patients is discussed.
Allergy profiles from bloodstains
Authors: WERRETT D. J. , KING L. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe radioallergosorbent test (RAST) has been adapted to measure specific IgE antibodies in bloodstains. By incubating several allergen discs simultaneously with one stain extract, an allergy profile can be readily obtained from less than 50 μl of dried blood.
Phthalic anhydride asthma
Authors: CHESTER EDWARD H. , SCHWARTZ HOWARD J. , PAYNE CHARLES B. , GREENSTEIN STEPHEN 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA patient with occupational asthma caused by phthalic anhydride is described. Inhalation challenges under laboratory control produced immediate and delayed asthmatic responses. Repeat exposure to phthalic anhydride after treatment with cromolyn sodium showed inhibition of the late but not the early bronchoconstrictive, asthmatic response.
Study of prolonged hyposensitization with D. pteronyssinus extract in allergic rhinitis
Authors: GABRIEL SISTER MARY , Ng H. K. , ALLAN W. G. L. , HILL LISA E. , NUNN A. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixty‐six Chinese patients with rhinitis, with or without asthma, were randomly allocated to a course of injections either with D. pteronyssinus extract or placebo. The course consisted of 18–22 weekly injections, followed by monthly maintenance injections with the highest concentration for 1 year.Progress was evaluated by a patient's daily diary and monthly assessments by the physician, by comparisons of skin and nasal challenge tests and by the specific serum IgE concentration, before treatment, at the end of the weekly course, and once during the maintenance course.No improvement was detected at the end of the weekly course, but during maintenance there was a consistent benefit to the patients receiving the D. pteronyssinus extract both in the diary and the physician's assessment, especially the former. There was no consistent change in the skin or nasal challenge tests and there was a trivial fall in the serum IgE levels in the patients on the extract. Adverse reactions were much more common in the patients on the extract, but most were trivial.The different methods of assessment used and the role of hyposensitization with D. pteronyssinus are discussed.
Proper use of skin tests with food extracts in diagnosis of hypersensitivity to food in children
Authors: BOCK S. A. , BUCKLEY J. , HOLST ANITA , MAY C. D. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThis study was undertaken to determine the proper use of skin tests with food extracts in diagnosis of hypersensitivity to food in children. Cutaneous reactions evoked by graded amounts of food extracts were compared with results of double‐blind food challenge and in vitro release of histamine from leucocytes. A 3 mm or greater weal reaction in skin tests by puncture technique using food extracts of 1:20 w/v concentration was found to indicate the degree of hypersensitivity likely to be associated with clinically significant hypersensitivity reactions to food. Proper use of this simple technique will facilitate accurate diagnosis of food hypersensitivity in children by identifying the group among whom all positive reactions to food challenges will be found. Nevertheless, double‐blind food challenge is essential to establish a diagnosis of symptomatic hypersensitivity to food.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis with antibodies to Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: MIYAGAWA T. , OCHI T. , TAKAHASHI H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryClinical and immunological studies were made in forty‐two patients diagnosed as suffering from hypersensitivity pneumonitis at Osaka Prefectural Habikino Hospital between 1973 and 1977. All the sera from forty‐one patients tested had high litres of antibody against Cryptococcus neoformans in indirect fluorescent antibody tests, and twelve also had precipitins against Cryptococcus neoformans polysaccharide. Only about 10% of control sera from patients with otherlung diseases had low titresof antibody against Cryptococcus neoformans. Antibody against Cryptococcus neoformans was also found frequently in the sera of asymptomatic members of the families of the patients. A possible relationship of Cryptococcus neoformans to hypersensitivity pneumonitis is suggested.