bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic differentiation of chronic B‐cell malignancies using monoclonal antibody L161 (CD1c)
Authors: Jones Richard A. , Master Peter S. , Child J. A. , Roberts Bryon E. , Scott Colin Stephen 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe expression of membrane CD1c, as defined by monoclonal antibody L161, was examined on malignant lymphoid cells from 191 cases of chronic lymphoproliferative disease and on eight ‘normal’ enriched tonsil B‐cell extracts. Of 79 cases of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) studied, 77 showed low (<20% positive cells) CD1c expression whereas 63/71 (89%) cases of B‐PLL, HCL and B‐NHL showed increased CD1c+ (but not CD1a or CD1b) components. In contrast, malignancies corresponding to terminal stages of B‐cell differentiation (immunocytoma and myeloma) generally showed low CD1c expression as did lymphoid cells from 10 cases of post‐thymic malignancy. Although there was some correlation between the expression of membrane CD1c and immunoglobulin (SIg) light chain densities (P<0.001), it is relevant in diagnostic terms that seven cases of B‐NHL, with low SIg staining intensities more typically associated with CLL were CD1c+. CD1c expression was not, however, correlated with the presence of CD23 or FMC7 determinants but did show a similar pattern of expression to that previously reported for beta‐2 microglobulin. Determination of cellular CD1c by APAAP immunocyto‐chemistry confirmed the presence of higher antigen densities in malignant B‐cells at intermediate/late stages of differentiation and this interpretation was further supported by the finding that the majority of phenotypically mature tonsil B‐cells were also CD1c+. The determination of CD1c expression by malignant B‐cells may therefore be of particular value in the diagnostic differentiation of chronic lymphoproliferative disorders.
Heterogenous response of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells to anti‐human IgM antibody (anti‐μ) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF‐1)
Authors: Kawano Michio , Iwato Koji , Asaoku Hideki , Tanabe Osamu , Tanaka Hideo , Ishikawa Hideaki , Imamura Nobutaka , Kuramoto Atsushi 
Published: March 2008

SummaryB cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (B‐CLL) cells from seven patients were examined for 3H‐TdR uptake with anti‐human IgM antibody (anti‐μ) and B cell stimulatory factor 1 (BSF‐1)/IL‐4. B‐CLL cells from one patient could proliferate with anti‐μ plus BSF‐1, but not with BSF‐1 alone. B‐CLL cells from two patients responded to BSF‐1 alone; one could proliferate more by adding anti‐μ, but the proliferation of the other cells was inhibited by adding anti‐μ. On the other hand, B‐CLL cells from the other four patients responded neither to anti‐μ nor to anti‐μ plus BSF‐1. Surface densities of membrane IgM of B‐CLL cells were also analysed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS), but there was no correlation between proliferative response (DNA synthesis) of B‐CLL cells to anti‐μ and densities of surface membrane IgM. These results show that there is a functional heterogeneity of B‐CLL cells with regard to proliferative response to anti‐μ and BSF‐1.
Plasma D‐dimer levels and their relationship to serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation products in hypercoagulable states
Authors: Wilde J. T. , Kitchen S. , Kinsey S. , Greaves M. , Preston F. E. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryPlasma D‐dimer was measured and compared with serum fibrinogen/fibrin degradation product levels (FDPs) in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and other conditions associated with a hypercoagulable state. D‐dimer (N<200 ng/ml) was elevated in all 43 patients with DIC, in 48 of 59 patients with liver disease, in 22 of 27 patients with acute leukaemia at presentation, in 17 of 23 patients with malignant disease, in 29 of 39 women in the third trimester of a complicated pregnancy, in 17 of 18 patients with deep venous thrombosis and in only four of 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction. There was a significant correlation between plasma D‐dimer and serum FDP levels(P<0.01) as follows; DIC: r =r=0.58, liver disease:r=0.57, acute leukaemia:r=0.84, malignancy:r=0.87. The frequent elevation of D‐dimer observed in liver disease, acute leukaemia, malignancy and complicated pregnancy indicates that a hypercoagulable state is a common occurrence in these conditions although in liver disease elevated levels resulting from a failure of normal clearance mechanisms cannot be excluded. The close relationship between D‐dimer and FDP levels suggests that serum FDPs predominantly arise from the interaction of plasmin with crosslinked fibrin rather than with fibrinogen in the conditions in which these were compared.
Immunochemical characterization of an autoantigen on platelet glycoprotein IIb in chronic ITP: comparison with the Baka alloantigen
Authors: Tomiyama Y. , Kurata Y. , Shibata Y. , Honda S. , Furubayashi T. , Mizutani H. , Tsubakio T. , Yonezawa T. , Tarui S. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEmploying an immunoblotting procedure, we have identified and characterized an autoantigen carried on glycoprotein (GP) IIb in a patient with chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), and have compared the location of the autoantigen with that of the platelet‐specific alloantigen Baka. Immunoblots, using the partially purified GP IIb/IIIa complex as the target antigen, indicated that GP IIIα carried both the ITP autoantigen and the Baka alloantigen. The ITP plasma contained another antibody against a 100 kD protein (P100), a trace contaminant in the GP IIb/ IIIa sample, which is probably a proteolytic fragment of an internal 124 kD protein. After chymotrypsin treatment, the auto‐ and alloantigen were found to be located on 65 kD fragments detectable under reducing conditions. In addition, immunoblots made after two‐dimensional nonreduced‐reduced SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) directly demonstrated that both 65 kD fragments had a molecular weight of 80 kD under nonreducing conditions; this provides evidence that these fragments were one and the same, and were derived from GP IIbα. Immunoblots of platelets digested in situ with chymotrypsin indicated that the 65 kD fragment of GP IIbα was retained by the platelet membrane. We conclude, therefore, that a 65 kD fragment, which represents the membrane side of the chymotrypsin cleavage site on GP IIbα, carries a clinically important determinant(s) recognized not only by the anti‐Baka alloantibody, but also by the ITP autoantibody.
Maternal alloimmunization to HLA, platelet and granulocyte‐specific antigens during pregnancy: its influence on cord blood granulocyte and platelet counts
Authors: Skacel Patricia O. , Stacey T. E. , Elizabeth C. , Tidmarsh F. , Contreras Marcela 
Published: March 2008

SummaryIn order to obtain an estimate of the frequency of platelet‐specific and granulocyte‐specific antibodies and of the effect of such antibodies on the platelet count and granulocyte count of the newborn infant, serum from 147 women in their second or subsequent pregnancies was tested. No platelet‐specific antibodies were found but 29 of the women had granulocyte‐specific antibodies and the corresponding infants had granulocyte counts which were significantly lower than those of infants without antibodies. HLA antibodies were found in the sera of 57 women but were not associated with diminished platelet or granulocyte counts in the corresponding infants. Maternal granulocyte antibodies may be an underestimated contributory factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal neutropenia.
Spectrin autoantibodies in normal human serum and in polyclonal blood grouping sera
Authors: Ballas S. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryNaturally occurring spectrin autoantibody was detected in normal human sera and in polyclonal blood grouping sera by the immunoblotting technique. The autoantibody seems to be IgG, stable, of high titre and low affinity. It was detected in all sera tested. Preparations of monoclonal antibodies directed against some blood group antigens and anti‐A1 lectin reagent were devoid of spectrin autoantibody as expected. This autoantibody may be instrumental in clearing red cell membrane components from the circulation during haemolysis. Care must be exercised in studies designed to determine the association of some blood group antigens with the red cell membrane skeleton, when using polyclonal sera which contain spectrin autoantibodies in addition to the antibodies against the blood group antigen in question.
Haematological changes during acute mental stress
Authors: Jern Christina , Wadenvik Hans , Mark Hans , Hallgren Jonas , Jern Sverker 
Published: March 2008

SummaryTo study haematological effects of emotional stress, blood samples were obtained from 29 healthy, normotensive, non‐smoking males aged 20–34 years before, during and after 10 min of mental arithmetic. There were significant increases in pheripheral blood cell count, haemoglobin concentration, and haematocrit in response to mental stress. Parallel to these changes significant increases in heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were observed. The relative increments of leucocyte (8%) and platelet (3·5%) count were significantly higher than the increase in haemoglobin concentration (2%). There was a significant positive correlation between the blood pressure increase and the mobilization of leucocytes, whereas the increase in erythrocyte count, haemoglobin concentration, and haematocrit showed significant positive correlations with heart rate reactivity. It is concluded that mental stress causes an increase in leucocyte and platelet count that could not solely be accounted for by the concurrent haemoconcentration.
Human lymphoblastoid interferon as initial therapy in hairy cell leukaemia: a multicentre study in non‐splenectomized patients
Authors: Federico M. , Chisesi T. , Lauria F. , Bernasconi C. , Capnist G. , Castoldi G. , Damasio E. , Pagnucco G. , Frassoldati A. , Resegotti L. , Silingardi V. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The Italian Cooperative Group for Hairy Cell Leukaemia (ICGHCL), between April 1985 and June 1987, conducted a multicentre study using human lymphoblastoid alpha‐interferon as primary therapy as an alternative to splenectomy. Forty‐eight evaluable patients with HCL entered the study, 38 of them had splenomegaly, in five patients the spleen was not palpable and five were unfit for surgery because of age and general condition. Daily dose of 3 MU s.c. alpha‐IFN was given for 12 weeks, or until a satisfactory and stable response was obtained.Among these 48 patients the response rate after 3 months of therapy was 63%, with seven patients (1 5%) achieving complete remission and 23 (48%) partial remission; 13 (27%) patients had a minor response. In five patients no response was observed and they died within 2 months of treatment. Five other patients, after an initial response, presented a re‐expansion of the disease.Actuarial survival at 30 months was 88.8% for the entire group of 48 patients and 92% for the 38 patients who would normally be treated by splenectomy.Thus, alpha‐IFN as primary treatment in HCL offered a reasonable therapy for splenomegalic patients. The timing and validity of splenectomy still remains an open question.
Immune‐mediated agranulocytosis related to drugs and their metabolites: mode of sensitization and heterogeneity of antibodies
Authors: Salama A. , Schütz B. , Kiefel V. , Breithaupt H. , Mueller‐Eckhardt C. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Two major unresolved problems in drug‐related immune agranulocytosis are understanding the mechanism by which sensitization takes place in vivo, and verification of the diagnosis. Using a sensitive, competitive enzyme‐linked immunoassay (ELISA) we were able to characterize the causative antibodies in 13 patients with drug‐related agranulocytosis [metamizole (n= 5), penicillin (n= 5), dimethylaminophenazone (n=1), propyphenazone (n=1) and diclofenac (n= 1)]. Irrespective of the causative drug, the majority of patients appear to have developed autoantibodies (aab) in addition to drug‐dependent antibodies (ddab) of the IgG and/or IgM classes. In all cases related to metamizole, and in the single case related to diclofenac, the ddab appeared to recognize only metabolites of the drug since they were reactive in the presence of ex vivo antigens (urine from individuals receiving therapeutic levels of the drugs), but not the native drugs. Only a few ddab were reactive with granulocytes pretreated with the drug (cell‐drug complexes); the majority of ddab could not be detected unless the drug or ex vivo antigen was added to the incubation mixture as well as the solution used for subsequent washes.Our results indicate that drugs and/or their metabolites interact with target cells and thereby directly function as immunogenic haptens, even when the drugs do not bind tightly to the cells.
Rapid identification of donor and recipient cells after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation using specific genetic markers
Authors: Hutchinson R. M. , Pringle J. H. , Potter L. , Patel I. , Jeffreys A. J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. The fate of the donor graft in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, the presence of chimaerism and early relapse can be monitored by identification of the donor or recipient origin of haemopoietic cells in peripheral blood and bone marrow. We have done this by the use of highly informative locus‐specific hypervariable DNA probes in two sex and blood group matched transplants. In four sex mismatched transplants the Y chromosome was identified by in situ hybridization using a biotinylated Y probe.Early engraftment by day 13 was detected in five of the six patients. Transient chimaerism occurred in half of the cases and was accompanied by the temporary appearance of the Philadelphia chromosome in one patient with chronic myeloid leukaemia without subsequent relapse. Persistence of the graft in the face of falling peripheral counts was documented in four of the six patients studied. The morphology as well as origin of the haemopoietic cells could be characterized by the Y probe analysis. In one patient, recipient lymphocytes were shown to co‐exist with myeloid series of donor origin.We conclude that both techniques are highly specific, sensitive and can provide information within 24–48 h. Thus they are of value in guiding early therapeutic intervention in allogeneic transplantation.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of myelomonocytic cell surface antigens in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Merle‐Beral Félène , Cong Duc Laurent Nguyen , Leblond Véronique , Boucheix Claude , Michel Ariane , Chastang Claude , Debre Patrice 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThirty‐six cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were tested with a large battery of monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) detecting surface markers normally expressed by myelomonocytic, T and B lymphoid, megakaryocytic and erythroid lineages. Differences in antigenic expression were observed among the various FAB subgroups: HLA‐class II molecules were found in almost all AML cases but not in the promyelocytic subgroup (M3); CD14 and CD36 antigens were detected in monocytic leukaemias (M4 and M5); the CD34 moAb (MY10) recognizing an epitope described on myeloid stem cells was positive in 88% of the M1 and 80% of the M3 cases. By a multivariate analysis, only the CD14b (MY4) discriminated significantly between M1–M2 and M4–M5 subgroups. Using Cox's model to assess the prognostic importance of variables including immunophenotyping on survival, we undertook a one by one analysis and found that the presence of CD17 antigen predicted for a shorter survival (P= 0.03). In addition this marker appeared more significant than other clinical and biological parameters.
The effect of phospholipase C on plasma factor VII
Authors: Hubbard Anthony R. , Parr Lynne J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe proposed link between a circulating factor VII–phospholipid complex and the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has stimulated us to investigate the effect of phospholipase C (PLC) on the factor VII (FVII) activity in plasma from healthy individuals. PLC caused a rapid fall in FVII activity which was larger with heparinized than with citrated plasma. EDTA inhibited the PLC effect so emphasizing the involvement of divalent cations. PLC dependent loss of FVII activity varied widely between individuals, showed a highly significant correlation with plasma triglyceride concentrations, and was always greater in post‐prandial compared to fasting plasma samples. Experiments using pure recombinant FVIIa and plasma depleted of FVII by adsorption indicated that loss of FVII activity only occurred in the simultaneous presence of absorbed plasma. FVIIa and PLC. Preincubation of PLC with adsorbed plasma before adding FVIIa did not lead to loss of FVII activity. It appears that PLC may act on lipoproteins already bound to FVII. in order to inhibit FVII activity. Other results indicated that competition between different plasma components (lipoproteins) in binding to FVII may govern the extent of the PLC dependent reduction in FVII activity.
Inhibition of cellular iron uptake by haem in mouse erythroleukaemia cells
Authors: Hradilek Antonin , Neuwirt Jan 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHaemin inhibited iron uptake from transferrin (Tf) by mouse erythroleukaemia cells (MELC) induced for differentiation by hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA). The rate of 59Fe internalization was decreased, but the rate and the extent of 125I‐Tf endocytosis was unaffected by the addition of haemin. Haemin inhibited 59Fe incorporation into haem by a greater proportion than the overall uptake of 59Fe from Tf. The reduction of total cellular 59Fe uptake was more pronounced at 59Fe‐Tf concentrations closer to saturation. Exogenous 5‐aminolaevulinic acid stimulated 59Fe utilization for haem synthesis in MELC but did not revert the inhibition induced by haemin. Haem synthesis measured by 14C‐glycine incorporation into haem was maintained for at least 1 h without an external transferrin iron source and was inhibited by the addition of haemin equally over the whole range of Tf concentrations studied. Desferrioxamine (DFO) stimulated cellular uptake of 59Fe by the uninduced cells and reverted the inhibition of 59Fe transport into HMBA treated cells caused by haemin. Addition of DFO within a short‐term incubation had no effect on haem synthesis measured by 14C‐glycine incorporation into haem. No evidence for a direct effect of haem on the transferrin cycle or iron release was found. It was concluded that the reduction of iron uptake by haemin treated MELC is secondary to the decrease in iron utilization for haem synthesis.
Induction of eosinophilic colonies by interleukin‐5 on acute myeloblastic leukaemic cells
Authors: Motoji Toshiko , Okada Michiko , Takanashi Minoko , Masuda Michihiko , Tanaka Kumi , Oshimi Kazuo , Mizoguchi Hideaki 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe effect of interleukin‐5 (IL‐5) on blast colony formation of acute myeloblastic leukaemia (AML) cells was studied. IL‐5 showed a weak but significant colony stimulatory effect in one out of six cases studied. IL‐5 induced eosinophilic colony growth in this case, and chromosomal and histochemical analyses strongly suggested that these eosinophilic colonies were derived from leukaemic blast progenitor cells. To our knowledge, this is the first report that IL‐5 induces eosinophilic colonies on fresh AML cells. A possible induction of differentiation of AML blast cells by IL‐5 is suggested.
Interleukin‐4 suppresses the interleukin‐3 dependent erythroid colony formation from normal human bone marrow cells
Authors: De Wolf Joost Th. M. , Beentjes John A. M. , Esselink Mariet T. , Smit Jan W. , Halie M. Ruud , Vellenga Edo 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHuman recombinant interleukin 4 (IL‐4) was studied for its effects on the erythroid burst forming unit (BFU‐E) from human bone marrow cells. IL‐4 alone neither supports nor suppresses the erythropoietin (Epo)‐dependent colony formation. Different results were obtained when IL‐4 was combined with interleukin‐3 (IL‐3) in the presence of Epo. IL‐4 suppressed the IL‐3 supported erythroid colony formation in all cases (an increase of 58 ± 8% with IL‐3 versus an increase of 14 ± 7% with IL‐3 plus IL‐4, n= 8). This antagonizing effect was dependent on the continuous presence of IL‐4 in the culture medium, but was independent of adherent cells. B‐, T‐cells, or the presence of serum in the culture medium. Finally, the effects of IL‐4 and IL‐3 were studied on the ‘Epo‐independent’BFU‐E by adding Epo on day 3. A decline of the IL‐3 supported BFU‐E was observed in the presence of IL‐4 but the degree of reduction was equivalent to the results obtained when Epo was supplied at day 0. These findings indicate that IL‐4 acts as suppressive growth factor for the IL‐3 supported erythroid colony formation from human bone marrow cells.
Studies on a patient with thrombocytopenia, giant platelets and a platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib with reduced amount of sialic acid
Authors: Aakhus A. M. , Stavem P. , Hovig T. , Pedersen T. M. , Solum N. O. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryA 70‐year‐old patient with a life‐long bleeding tendency, giant platelets and thrombocytopenia (10‐40 x 109 platelets/1) has been studied. This is a condition often associated with lack of platelet membrane glycoprotein Ib (GP Ib). Electron microscopy of fixed platelets incubated with monoclonal antibodies to GP Ib (AN 51, AP 1) and goldlabelled goat anti‐mouse IgG, showed a distinct distribution of GP Ib on the patient's platelets, however. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis and SDS‐PAGE demonstrated a reduced mobility of the patient's GP Ib which could be explained by absence of sialic acid. Blotting with peroxidase‐conjugated peanut agglutinin confirmed this conclusion. This lectin binds to galactose‐N‐acetyl‐galactosamine residues exposed terminally when sialic acid is absent from the carbohydrate side‐chains. Such binding could be seen with normal GP Ib only after neuraminidase treatment. Fluorescence studies with FITC‐conjugated peanut agglutinin showed binding of the lectin to intact patient platelets, indicating that lack of sialic acid was not introduced during the platelet isolation procedure. Neither could the lack of sialic acid be attributed to increased neuraminidase activity as studied in vitro. Platelets treated with neuraminidase in vivo or in vitro are rapidly cleared from the circulation. Therefore the patient's thrombocytopenia may be associated with the reduced amount of GP Ib sialic acid. As far as we know, similar cases have not been described previously.
Formate metabolism in the cobalamin‐inactivated rat
Authors: Deacon Rosemary , Perry Janet , Lumb Michael , Chanarin Israel 
Published: March 2008

SummaryEndogenous formate levels in blood and liver were assayed in rats both after inactivation of cobalamin (Cbl) by exposure to N2O as well as in air‐breathing controls. The uptake of [14C]formate by tetrahydrofolate (H4folate) in bone marrow cells and liver homogenate and the incorporation of [14C]formate into purine, pyrimidine, methionine, serine and choline, was measured. There was a significant accumulation of endogenous formate following Cbl inactivation. There was impaired utilization of [14C]formate for single unit carbon (C1 unit) transfers mediated by folate in Cbl‐inactivated tissues, other than for synthesis of adenine. The impairment was not accompanied by any accumulation of labelled methylH4folate indicating that methylfolate trapping played no part in impaired single carbon unit transfer. The effect of Cbl lack was a failure to form formylH4folate so that formate accumulated. The reason for this is not known.