bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of secondary systemic amyloid in the pancreatic islets of a cat
Authors: Yano Barry L. , Hayden David W. , Johnson Kenneth H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Secondary systemic amyloidosis was histochemically documented in the pancreatic islets of a 13-year-old, male, nondiabetic domestic cat. Amyloid was deposited around blood vessels in the islets, but was not restricted to this site. The potassium permanganate/Congo red staining reaction was used to confirm the secondary systemic nature of the amyloid in the pancreatic islets and other tissues of this cat.
Modulation of early cellular events in wound healing in mice
Authors: Kenyon Alan J. , Michaels Edwin B. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Wound healing experiments were conducted in random-bred Swiss mice to determine the effect on antimicrobial surfactants and macrophage stimulators on wound measurements, histologic repair, and wound breaking strengths. In selection of mice, Sendai virus antibody-positive mice healed more slowly than did mice with no detectable titer to Sendai virus. Studies were conducted with Sendai virus-free mice that had C31G (an antimicrobial surfactant), alkyl amine oxide, zymosan, glucan, or phosphate-buffered isotonic saline solution instilled into full-thickness incised wounds. The early events in the repair process indicated a greater degree of inflammatory response comprised mainly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with subsequent large numbers of monocytes in C31G and alkyl amine oxide-treated wounds. Although zymosan did not induce as large a number of monocytes, the degree of fibroplasia was as great as in wounds in which numbers were higher. The effect of zymosan could be blocked by the addition of N-α-p-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone to wounds. Wound breaking strength 3 days after surgery was greatest for glucan-treated mice (134 ± 37 g) whereas that in C31G-treated mice (77 ± 31 g) was less than that of the controls (92 ± 37 g). By day 7, there was no significant difference in breaking strength between control and glucan-treated wounds; however, C31G-treated wounds remained substantially weaker than control wounds.
Serum amylase and lipase activities in dogs with chronic primary renal failure
Authors: Polzin David J. , Osborne Carl A. , Stevens Jerry B. , Hayden David W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum amylase and lipase activities and their relationship to renal function and lesions of the pancreas were studied in 18 dogs with surgically induced chronic renal failure and 41 dogs with spontaneously occurring primary renal failure. In addition, the influence of a canine maintenance diet and 2 modified protein diets on serum amylase and lipase activities was examined in the dogs with experimental renal failure. After surgical induction of renal failure, a 2.5-fold increase in mean serum amylase activity and a 3-fold increase in mean serum lipase activity were observed.
In dogs with spontaneously occurring primary renal failure, mean serum amylase activity was increased 2.5 times normal, and mean serum lipase activity was increased 4 times normal. A relationship was not found among increments in serum amylase and lipase activities and inulin clearance rate, serum creatinine concentration, or urea nitrogen concentration in dogs with experimental or spontaneous chronic renal failure. A relationship between serum amylase activity and serum lipase activity in dogs with experimental or spontaneous chronic renal failure was not detected. Diet did not appear to influence serum amylase or lipase activities.
Except for reduction of pancreatic zymogen granulation, definitive microscopic pancreatic lesions were not observed.
Of the dogs with spontaneously occurring renal failure, 37% had increased serum amylase and lipase activities, 22% had increased serum amylase activity and normal serum lipase activity, 12% had increased serum lipase activity and normal serum amylase activity, and 29% had normal serum amylase and lipase activities.
It appears that hyperamylasemia and hyperlipasemia are not reliable indices of concurrent acute pancreatitis in dogs with chronic primary renal failure.
Characterization of antigens from mycoplasmas of animal origin
Authors: Boothby J. T. , Jasper D. E. , Rollins M. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Alcholeplasma laidlawii, Mycoplasma gallisepticum, M mycoides subsp mycoides, M agalactiae, M bovirhinis, mycoplasmal strain ST-6, and culture medium were compared with M bovis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and gel electrophoresis-derived elisa. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated there were areas of homology and areas of heterology among the species tested. Sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with the mycoplasma organisms and noninoculated culture medium demonstrated elisa reactivity with M bovis antigens immobilized on polystyrene. Absorption of the serum from a rabbit hyperimmunized with M bovis reduced 65.9% of its reactivity with culture medium, 29.7% to 32.7% of its reactivity with the heterologous species, and 21.1% of its reactivity with the homologous species. Gel electrophoresis-derived elisa performed on immobilized M bovis antigens separated by molecular weight, using sera from rabbits hyperimmunized with the mycoplasmal species under study and noninoculated culture medium revealed antigenic components which are shared among species or with the culture medium and several components which may be unique to M bovis.
Effect of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone on reproductive potential in the boar
Authors: Ruhr Lawrence P. , Osweiler Gary D. , Foley C. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
Thirteen mature Yorkshire boars were fed graded levels of the estrogenic mycotoxin zearalenone for 8 weeks, the equivalent of 0,2,20, and 200 mg of zearalenone/kg of complete ration (0, 2, 20, and 200 ppm). Weekly semen collections and evaluations were initiated 2 weeks before treatment began and were continued for 2 weeks after treatment ceased. Testicular size and libido were evaluated. Semen evaluation included the following: presperm, sperm rich, and postsperm fraction volumes; gel volume and percentage of total volume; duration of ejaculation; and total spermatozoa per ejaculate and sperm concentration. Sperm motility, oxygen consumption by washed spermatozoa, and the percentage of primary morphologic abnormalities were evaluated. Plasma testosterone and estradiol-17β concentrations were determined.
Using analysis of variance, treatment-related effects in which any treatment differed significantly from the control were not demonstrated. Seemingly, zearalenone at amounts greater than normally encountered in field exposures [200 mg/kg of feed (200 ppm)] for 8 weeks did not affect adversely the reproductive potential of mature boars.
Invasion of avian encephalomyelitis virus from the gastrointestinal tract to the central nervous system in young chickens
Authors: Miyamae T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Invasion sites of avian encephalomyelitis virus in the internal organs of orally infected chicks were determined by the immunofluorescent method. The invasion began when the epithelium tunica mucosae of the duodenum (together with the proventriculus, jejunum, or cecum in certain birds killed at postinoculation day 1) became test-positive. Viremia persisted for more than 5 days in the early stage of infection, then the pancreas was rapidly infected, followed by the liver, kidney, and spleen. Subsequently, the virus spread to the cns. Rapid infection of the duodenum and pancreas was clearly observable.
Acetone-treated agglutinin against Yersinia pseudotuberculosis in free-living rats
Authors: Kaneko Ken-ichi , Hashimoto Nobuo 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Retrospective investigation was done on Yersinia pseudotuberculosis infection in barn rat populations living in an Yersinia endemic area and in zoo rat populations living in a nonendemic area. The OH agglutinins against Y pseudotuberculosis were normally distributed within both populations. Most of the OH agglutinin titers and many O agglutinin titers were reduced by treatment of sera with acetone. Sera with O and OH agglutinin titers were assigned to 2 groups, one with a titer < 1:8 and the other with a titer of ≥ 1:8.
Rats harboring the organism did not possess O or OH agglutinin titers > 1:8 in acetone-treated sera. In most nontreated sera, OH agglutinin titers were higher than were the O agglutinin titers. However, in most acetone-treated sera, O agglutinin titers were equivalent to OH agglutinin titers. Differences by region and age were observed in acetone-treated O agglutinin titers of ≥ 1:8 against Y pseudotuberculosis. Therefore, it is recommended that to detect antibody against Y pseudotuberculosis in rats, sera should be treated with acetone before the test and O antigen should be used.
Thermographic evaluation of horses with podotrochlosis
Authors: Turner T. A. , Fessler J. F. , Lamp M. , Pearce J. A. , Geddes L. A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The distal forelimbs of 10 clinically normal horses with hair clipped on 1 limb were thermographically scanned before and after exercise. The thermal patterns, temperature distribution, and temperature changes after exercise were determined and compared with those of 8 horses with podotrochlosis. Clipping the hair did not cause changes in the thermal patterns, but the clipped limbs were warmer than the unclipped limbs. The temperature of the limbs of horses with podotrochlosis did not increase as much after exercise as did the limbs of normal horses. The failure of skin temperature increase correlated with the radiographic evidence of enlarged vascular foramina in the navicular bone. Because the failure to increase skin temperature after exercise is the result of low blood flow, the enlarged vascular foramen can be related to a state of low blood flow.
Antigenicity of bovine parvovirus in fetal infections
Authors: Hayder H A. , Storz J. , Young S. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The humoral immune response of bovine fetuses to bovine parvovirus (bpv) infection during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters was studied by the single radial immunodiffusion, hemagglutination-inhibition (hi), indirect immunofluorescence (ifa), microneutralization (mn), plaque-neutralization, and double immunodiffusion (did) tests. Serum samples collected from 23 bpv-inoculated and several control fetuses were tested. The immunoglobulin (Ig) M concentration reached 355 mg/100 ml at 10 days after fetal inoculations were done and then decreased. The IgG concentration increased 10 days after inoculation and was maximal 142 days later. A correlation between Ig concentrations and antibodies reacting in the hi, ifa, mn, DID, and plaque-neutralization tests existed in all samples. Neutralizing and hi antibodies were detected 10 days after fetal inoculations. The highest mn titer of 4,096 was detected in a fetus 10 days after the inoculation done during the 3rd trimester. Six serum samples were positive in the ifa test. These samples, collected 10 to 60 days after fetuses were inoculated, had IgG concentrations of 615 mg/100 ml or higher, and had titers of 16 to 64.
Treatment of bpv with carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (pH 10.5) disrupted the virus and liberated antigens reacting in the did test. Electron microscopic examination of the negatively stained antigen preparation revealed loss of structural integrity of the viral particles. This suspension of disrupted bpv was reactive with some of the fetal serum samples in the did test, inducing 1 or 2 precipitin lines.
Neutrophil movement in selected canine skin diseases
Authors: Latimer Kenneth S. , Prasse Keith W. , Mahaffey Edward A. , Dawe Donald L. , Lorenz Michael D. , Duncan J. Robert 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Neutrophilic movement was studied in dogs with atopy, 3 bacterial pyoderma syndromes, flea allergy dermatitis, and generalized demodicosis. Random neutrophil movement was decreased in generalized demodicosis, and this deficit correlated with the extent of body surface skin lesions. Neutrophilic chemotactic movement was decreased in 2 bacterial pyoderma syndromes: bacterial pyoderma, and staphyloccal pyoderma. Although serum samples from diseased dogs showed no significant differences in chemoattractive qualities from normal pooled canine serum, control canine neutrophils incubated in demodectic dog serum showed decreased chemotactic responsiveness. It was postulated that demodectic dog serum had an inhibitor or deactivator of neutrophil chemotaxis.
Electrophysiologic studies of the cutaneous nerves of the head of the dog
Authors: Whalen L. R. , Kitchell R. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The cutaneous nerves of the head of the dog were investigated in 16 barbiturate-anesthetized dogs. The electrophysiologic demonstration of afferent impulses in a given cutaneous nerve to the movement of hairs within an area of skin was used to delineate the nerve's cutaneous area (ca) of innervation. In this manner, the ca for the cutaneous branches of the trigeminal nerve, the facial nerve, and the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervical nerves were determined. The ca of adjacent cutaneous nerves were found to overlap extensively. The portion of a nerve's ca which was solely innervated by it was termed the autonomous zone. Most of the ca of the head was innervated by branches of the trigeminal nerve. The internal auricular branches of the facial nerve innervated the majority of the concave surface of the pinna. The branches of the 2nd cervical nerve supplied a large ca which extended from the caudal intermandibular space to the dorsal midline and apex of the pinna. The ca of the branches of the 3rd and 4th cervical nerves occupied much of the cervical area cranial to the scapula and caudal to the hyoid apparatus. A ca was not found for the 1st cervical nerve.
Pathogenesis of Trypanosoma brucei infection in deer mice (Peromyscus maniculatus): Light and electron microscopic studies on erythrocyte pathologic changes and phagocytosis
Authors: Anosa Victor O. , Kaneko J. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Light microscopic and scanning and transmission electron microscopic studies demonstrated that Trypanosoma brucei EATRO 110 produced several alterations in rbc structure including microspherocytes, schistocytosis, vacuolation, doughnut-cell formation, and keratocytosis. Mature rbc and reticulocytes were constantly observed to adhere firmly to trypanosomes in heart blood and in blood vessels of the testes, heart, liver, and kidney, as well as in the sinuses and pulp cords of the spleen. Adhesion of rbc to trypanosomes was also observed by light microscopy in thin blood films. Except for a few platelets that adhered to trypanosomes, other blood cells were not involved. Minute pores were sometimes observed on the rbc membrane at the point of adhesion to the trypanosome, but effects were not seen on the parasite. Erythrophagocytosis was marked in the spleen and to a lesser extent in the liver; mature rbc, as well as reticulocytes, were engulfed. Erythrophagocytosis was presumed to arise from the mechanical injury to rbc, the damage caused by the adhesion phenomenon and the hyperactivity of the enormously enlarged spleen.
Estrogen-induced bone marrow depression in ferrets
Authors: Bernard Susan L. , Leathers Charles W. , Brobst Duane F. , Gorham John R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The administration of estrogen-induced severe bone marrow depression in 9 of 12 ferrets, independent of sex (male, female) or ovariohysterectomy. Resultant pancytopenia was manifested by subcutaneous petechiae, melena, hematomyelia, pale mucous membranes, pale bone marrow, centrilobular hepatic degeneration, hydrometra, and pyometra. These findings are compatible with the naturally occurring estrus-associated anemia seen in female ferrets.1
Antibiotic activity against intraleukocytic Staphylococcus aureus in vitro and in experimental mastitis in mice
Authors: Craven V. , Anderson J. C. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The activities of a range of antibiotics on Staphylococcus aureus organisms that survive within bovine neutrophils in vitro were studied in mice. Cloxacillin, floxacillin, and cephradine failed to kill intracellular staphylococci but increased the organisms' sensitivity to killing by lysostaphin after neutrophil disruption. Fusidate and clindamycin caused an apparent small reduction in viable intraleukocytic S aureus, whereas novobiocin did not demonstrate intracellular activity. Substantial intracellular bactericidal effects were shown in vitro by rifampin and rifamycin SV, even at concentrations in slight excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration. In a mouse model of chronic mastitis, intramammary therapy with rifampin was more effective in reducing viable S aureus in infected glands than was therapy with rifamycin SV.
Evaluation of the fluorescent antibody test for diagnosis of paratuberculosis
Authors: Abbas Babiker , Riemann Hans , Behymer Darrell E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Results of indirect fluorescent-antibody microscopy did not differ significantly from complement-fixation test results in diagnosing paratuberculosis (Johne's disease) in cattle. Neither test had acceptable sensitivity or specificity for detecting subclinical cases.
Distribution of oxytetracycline in genital tract tissues of postpartum cows given the drug by intravenous and intrauterine routes
Authors: Bretzlaff K. N. , Ott R. S. , Koritz G. D. , Bevill R. F. , Gustafsson B. K. , Davis L. E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Oxytetracycline (otc) was administered by constant iv infusion to 3 healthy postpartum cows at rates predicted to approach a steady-state plasma concentration of 5 μg/ml. After 8 hours of constant iv infusion, genital tissues were surgically removed. The mean plasma-to-tissue ratios of concentrations of otc were 0.95, 1.33, 1.88, and 1.04 (2 cows only) for caruncles, endometrium, uterine wall, and ovaries, respectively. Differences between the ratios of any 2 of the uterine tissues were statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Intrauterine (iu) infusions of 5.5 mg of otc/kg were administered to 3 healthy postpartum cows and 3 postpartum cows with metritis. The mean values of the fraction of the drug absorbed from the uteri of cows given iu infusions of otc were 0.50 and 0.23 for healthy postpartum cows and postpartum cows with metritis, respectively. Concentrations of otc were high in the caruncles and endometrium of all cows at 24 hours after iu infusions of the drug. Concentrations in the plasma, uterine wall, and ovaries were low, with mean concentrations of otc in these tissues in postpartum cows with metritis being lower than those in the same tissues of healthy postpartum cows.
Computer-simulated genital tissue concentrations of otc after twice daily iv doses of 11 mg/kg indicated that this dosage regimen would provide postpartum uterine tissue concentrations > 5 μg/g throughout the dosage interval in all tissues, except the uterine wall.
Aspirin and prednisolone modification of postadulticide pulmonary arterial disease in heartworm-infected dogs: Arteriographic study
Authors: Rawlings C. A. , Keith J. C. , Losonsky J. M. , Lewis R. E. , McCall J. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Prednisolone and aspirin were used after thiacetarsamide treatment of 3 groups of 6 dogs infected with 9 heartworms each. Pulmonary blood flow and anatomic features were evaluated by arteriography before transplantation of the heartworms and 4 weeks after adulticide treatment. None of the 18 dogs had clinical signs of disease during the study. Arteriography showed that most dogs had intraluminal-filling defects. Altered flow was most common in the 2 caudal lobar and accessory lobar arteries with only 14 of these 54 arteries appearing to be normal. Thirty-two arteries had decreased flow with total obstruction or intraluminal filling defects, and 6 had decreased flow without obvious filling defects. Total obstruction was produced by a combination of obliterative tunica intimal proliferation and thromboemboli containing dead heartworms. The filling defects were live or dead heartworms, linear projections of tunica intimal proliferation, or thromboemboli. Dogs treated with aspirin (10 mg/kg of body weight daily starting on the first thiacetarsamide treatment day and continuing for 4 weeks) appeared to have better perfusion than did the control or prednisolone-treated dogs. Caudal lobar and accessory lobar flow was markedly decreased in the prednisolone-treated dogs (1.0 mg/kg daily starting on the first thiace-tarsamide day and continuing for 4 weeks), and 6 of 7 dogs had total obstruction of the right caudal lobar artery. After thiacetarsamide treatment, the main pulmonary artery and lobar arteries were wider than before heartworm transplantation. Increases in size of these arteries were not present in the aspirin-treated dogs and only the main and left pulmonary arteries were increased in the control dogs. Aspirin appeared to improve and prednisolone appeared to worsen the pulmonary artery perfusion 4 weeks after thiacetarsamide treatment.
Parasites in Kentucky Thoroughbreds at necropsy: Emphasis on stomach worms and tapeworms
Authors: Lyons E. T. , Tolliver S. C. , Drudge J. H. , Swerczek T. W. , Crowe M. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A total of 363 Thoroughbreds (62 males, 292 females, and 9 geldings), 1 to 26 years of age, were examined at necropsy for internal parasites for about a 12-month period from February 1981 through February 1982. Emphasis was on examining the stomach for nematodes and the small intestine and cecum for tapeworms. Parasites recovered from the stomach and infection rates were: Habronema spp—immature (24%), H muscae—adult (38%), Draschia megastoma—immature (13%), D megastoma—adult (62%), and Trichostrongylus axei—adult (4%); lesions caused by D megastoma were found upon gross observation in 58% of the stomachs. The tapeworm, Anoplocephala perfoliata, was recovered from 54% of the horses; A magna was not found. There was no obvious difference in infection rates of the stomach worms and tapeworms according to age or sex of the horses. Seasonal differences were apparent only for immature Habronema spp and immature D megastoma for which infection rates began increasing in June, peaking in October, and declining thereafter. Presence of 4 additional species of parasites was recorded, but only a cursory examination was made for them. These were the large strongyles, Strongylus vulgaris, S edentatus, and S equinus, from the cecum and a filariid, Setaria spp (probably S equina), from the abdominal cavity, for which recovery rates from the horses were 8%, 8%, 1%, and 7%, respectively.
Isolation and partial characterization of a calicivirus from calves
Authors: Smith Alvin W. , Mattson Donald E. , Skilling Douglas E. , Schmitz John A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A calicivirus was isolated from 3 dairy calves in a herd with persistent calf respiratory tract problems. This virus, named Tillamook calicivirus, was not neutralized by 18 different calicivirus-typing serums available. The agent caused only minimal lesions in 2 experimentally exposed calves, but did establish a persistent infection with virus shedding for 45 days, after which time the experiment was terminated. Experimentally exposed swine developed clinical vesicular lesions. The possible origins, disease potential, and relationships to the exotic animal disease agent, vesicular exanthema of swine are discussed for this first calicivirus isolate of bovine origin.