bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Rice hypersensitivity associated with serum complement depression
Authors: STRUNK R. C. , PINNAS J. L. , JOHN T. J. , HANSEN R. C. , BLAZOVICH JULIE L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryWe have studied an infant who had flushing, vomiting and diarrhoea after the first and seven subsequent feedings of rice, from 2 to 25 months of age. Serum histamine was elevated 1 and 8 hr after challenge. Anti‐rice IgE antibodies were demonstrated by radioallergosorbent and Prausnitz‐Kustner testing, but not to soy. Rice fluorescent antibody spot tests for anti‐rice antibody were positive for IgE, but negative for IgG, IgA and IgM. Precipitation and passive haemagglutination antibody studies were negative for rice and soy. Early in the course serum complement (C) was depressed, increasing to normal only after soy and rice were eliminated. Incubation of patient's serum with rice extract resulted in depressions of haemolytic CH50, C4 and C3 (23, 39 and 28%, respectively). Incubation with soy extract resulted in depression of CH50 and C3 only (22 and 27%). Sera from two non‐allergic controls produced comparable results. C activation may have occurred in vivo following absorption of insufficiently digested foods across an immature gastrointestinal tract. Lethargy and unresponsiveness also occurred early in the course, following ingestion of rice as well as soy.
Tyrophagus putrescentiae: an allergenically important mite
Authors: GREEN W. F. , WOOLCOCK A. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe incidence of positive skin tests to the mite Tyrophagus putrescentiae was measured and compared with skin reactions to Dermatophagoides pteronyssimu and other allergens in Australian and New Guinean populations, and mite counts were determined in Sydney and New Guinea houses. Positive reactions to T. putrescentiae were as frequent as those for D. pteronyssinus in asthmatics in Sydney and were the commonest positive reactions in the normal New Guinea population. T. putrescentiae‐specific serum IgE levels were determined and some IgG cross‐reactions of D. pteronyssinus and T. putrescentiae antigens were demonstrated.It is suggested that T. putrescentiae is an important source of allergen and should be considered whenever D. pteronyssinus is thought to be a problem. A convenient method for culturing and isolating T. putrescentiae is described.
Cellular histamine release, specific and total serum IgE levels in hay fever patients and controls
Authors: WEYER A. , DAVID B. , LAURENT M. , HENOCQ E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe amount of histamine released from blood leucocytes by allergen, the amount of allergen required to release 50% histamine and the total IgE and IgE specific for Dactyits glomerata are compared in nine hay fever patients and five control individuals. The variation with time of total IgE. of specific IgE and of the percentage of histamine released at a fixed allergen concentration, corresponding to the cellular sensitivity, is shown for one control individual with positive in vitro and skin tests, but without clinical symptoms. For four patients with a low total IgE level the evolution of these parameters during a 1 year treatment period is presented.
Effect of reagins and allergen extracts on radioallergosorbent assays for mite allergen
Authors: TOVEY E. R. , VANDENBERG R. A. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe reproducibility of the radicallororbent (RAST) inhibition and direct binding assays with mite allergen were investigated in the presence of heterogeneous extracts and non‐mite‐sensitive atopic sera. Both contain components similar to potential contaminants which would occur in the assay of mite allergen and dust allergen extracts. The standardized inhibition and direct binding assays employed had a day to day (n= 4) coefficient of variation [(s.d. ± 100)/mean] of 15% and 24% respectively. The inhibition assay for mite allergen was reproducible in the presence of protein concentrations of added plant, fungal, arthropod and animal extracts in excess of the protein concentrations that occur under the operational mite assay conditions. The mite inhibition assay was also reproducible in the presence of non‐mite allergen extracts, with and without additional sera containing IgE specific for the non‐mite allergens. The binding of a constant quantity of mite allergen to the activated solid phase in the direct binding assay was reproducible in the presence of added bovine serum albumin, and of a fungal or arthropod extract, representing the heterogeneous components of an allergen extract at the concentrations of total protein known to occur in the direct binding assay of mite extracts.
Comparative serological and clinical findings in subjects exposed to environmental allergens
Authors: HOW M. J. , GOODWIN B. F. J. , JUNIPER C. P. , KINSHOTT A. K. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySerological tests of healthy atopic and non‐atopic subjects were carried out during medical surveillance of 288 workers in detergent and food manufacturing factories in the same highly industrialized area. Correlations between the serological parameters and various aspects of the clinical history were compared for subgroups in these and control populations. The value of serological tests as aids in the diagnosis of allergic reactivity to the detergent enzyme Alcalase was given particular attention.There was no indication that employment in the detergent factory significantly increased the amount of serum total IgG, IgA or IgM. There was a positive correlation between the amount of serum total IgE and atopy as defined. The need for new standards of normality in the amount of serum total α1‐antitrypsin in women receiving oral contraceptives was confirmed. No subjects had a homozygous deficiency of α1‐antitrypsin.There was a statistically significant correlation between the level of allergen‐specific antibody measured by the RAST and skin prick test weals of 3·0 mm diameter or greater, which were obtained using standardized skin prick test procedure and reagents. The significance of small skin prick test reactions has been evaluated critically.The results of various tests for allergen‐specific precipitating antibodies indicated the need for caution in interpreting the results of such tests with allergens such as Alcalase, which contain several antigenic components. Alcalase‐specific IgG antibodies were only detected in the sera of persons exposed to enzyme dusts in factories. They were evidence of exposure to the antigens, not of a clinical allergic response, and probably reflect the natural formation of antibody shown to occur with numerous environmental antigens.
The effect of orally administered sodium cromoglycate on allergic reactions caused by food allergens
Authors: DAHL R. , ZETTERSTRÖM O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn five patients who exhibited allergic reactions, four with asthma and one with angioneurotic oedema, to orally administered soybean flour, the protective effect of orally administered sodium cromoglycate has been investigated. Protection from reactions in soybean provocation tests has been achieved with doses ranging from 400 mg to 600 mg given four times daily.
The use of the radioallergosorbent test in the diagnosis of Hymenoptera anaphylaxis
Authors: BUSSE W. W. , YUNGINGER J. W. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIgE antibody levels to Hymenoptera (honey bee, hornet, wasp or yellow jacket) venom or venom sac were measured in the serum of ninety‐six patients with a history of immediate hypersensitivity reactions to these insect stings. Normal levels of IgE antibody were found in fourty‐four of these patients tested. The severity of the systemic reaction was similar in those patients with normal and elevated IgE antibody levels, and the interval from the systemic reaction to antibody determination was also similar. In twelve patients with a definite reaction to honey bee venom, the IgE antibody was elevated in all and correlated with a positive venom skin test in nine out of the twelve. It is not possible to determine if the other patients with normal IgE antibody and a systemic reaction represent a false negative RAST value, loss of sensitivity to the Hymenoptera venom, or a lack of RAST sensitivity with some venom or venom sac antigens. Without the ready availability of venom skin tests to all Hymenoptera antigens or other in vitro tests, a definite assessment of insect anaphylaxis remains in doubt for the patient and physician.
Measurement of nasal patency using a Vitalograph
Authors: DAVIES H. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA standard Vitalograph was used to measure the volume or air inspired through the mouth (M‐FIV0.5) and nose (N‐FIV0.5) in 0.5 sec. The ratio or these parameters was used as a nasal patency index (NPI) and the characteristics of NPI and N‐FIV0.5 investigated in terms of reproducibility and sensitivity. Both indices were significantly reduced by intranasal histamine (100μg and 200 μg) and it is concluded that NPI and N‐FIV0.5 are reproducible and sensitive indices of nasal patency.
RAST atopy screen
Authors: MERRETT J. , MERRETT T. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA single in vitro screening test for atopic allergy is described. It uses the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) principle, and has been applied to screening sera from U.K. patients with possible atopic symptoms.When compared with the Phadebas RAST, the test sensitivity was 97% and the specificity 100%, and these results suggest that it is useful in any preliminary allergy investigation.
Allergen‐specific IgE and IgG antibodies in pollen‐allergic children given immunotherapy for 2‐6 years
Authors: FOUCARD T. , JOHANSSON S. G. O. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryNinety‐five children with pollen hay fever were treated for 46 months (16‐74 months) with extracts of birch pollen (seventy‐two children) and/or grass pollen (fifty‐nine children).During the first 2 months of this immunotherapy the serum concentration of allergen‐specific IgE antibodies doubled or tripled, but the concentration of IgG‘blocking’antibodies increased even more.With time the IgE antibody activity decreased in 80% of the children, but only in slightly more than 50% did it fall to below the initial level, and the mean concentration at the end of the study was 2‐3 times the initial value. The IgG antibody activity remained high in about 50% of the children and showed a tendency to decrease in the other children, in spite of monthly allergen injections.Eighty‐three out of the ninety‐five children reported a moderate to marked improvement. At the end of the study the eighteen almost symptom‐free children had a higher IgG/IgE antibody ratio than the twelve children who had not improved, but this difference was not significant.After treatment, thirteen children tolerated ten to 10,000 times more allergen than before by naso‐conjunctival challenge tests. Ten of the children reacted to the same allergen dilution as before and two reacted to a ten times weaker extract. Clinical improvement was accompanied by increased tolerance in most patients.
The effect of ICI 74,917 on asthma and bronchial provocation tests
Authors: MUITTARI A. , AHONEN A. , KELLOMÄKI L. , KUUSISTO P. , LEHTINEN J. , VENESKOSKI T. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA study was made of the protective action of the anti‐allergic drug ICI 74,917, a phenanthroline derivative, in specific allergen provocation tests and in combating clinical symptoms in thirteen asthmatic out‐patients. It was found that ICI 74,917 was able to diminish allergen‐induced bronchoconstriction significantly (P< 0.01) during both the placebo period and during chronic treatment with ICI 74,917 for 4 weeks. The results obtained during these two periods did not differ significantly. There was not, however, any statistically significant difference in the symptom scores or PEF rates during the treatment with ICI 74,917 or placebo for 1 month. This may indicate that although ICI 74,197 is able to prevent bronchoconstriction in an allergen provocation test, it failed to improve asthma clinically. No signs of the phenomenon of tachyphylaxis were observed in the present study.The Student's t‐test was used in the statistical analysis.
Activity units for allergen extracts
Authors: BRIGHTON W. D. , TOPPING M. D. , HENOCQ E. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThe two present systems of units for the strength of allergen extracts, Noon and p.n.u. are both unsatisfactory. A new activity unit, based on skin prick in humans, is described, and its relationship to in vitro tests is explored. Potency limits for provocation materials used for skin prick tests are suggested.
Acute asthma compared with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: changes in complement
Authors: MONIE R. D. H. , FIFIELD R. , DAVIES B. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryComplement levels were measured on admission and at 1 and 7 days following admission in twenty patients with acute severe asthma and ten patients with an acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.Although no evidence of hypocomplementaemia was found in any patient, there was a mean fall within the normal range of the individual complement components, C4, C3 and factor B in both groups. The mean fall occurred earlier in the bronchitics than in the asthmatics and this may be related to infection or the administration of corticosteroids. There was a significant fall in C3 (P<0.05) in the bronchitics compared with the asthmatics at 24 hr.From our study, however, we could find no evidence of excessive utilization of complement in acute asthma.
Investigations with the ‘Individual Pollen Collector’ and the ‘Burkard trap’ with reference to hay fever patients
Authors: LEUSCHNER RUTH M. , BOEHM G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPollen collecting devices such as the ‘Hirst’ trap and the ‘Burkard’ apparatus provide information on average pollen content in the air during a certain time in a certain volume of air (e.g. 24 hr in 1 m3 air).They give no idea, however, of the allergenic particles to which individual hay fever patients are exposed in the course of a day. An ‘Individual Pollen Collector’, attached to the patient's clothing, showed that the counts varied considerably in different persons in the same place. They differed—quantitatively and qualitatively—from the values with the ‘Burkard’ pollen and spore traps at two places in Switzerland. The slides from the ‘Individual Pollen Collector’ frequently show ‘clouds’ of certain kinds of pollen grains, which could be responsible for hay fever attacks in moderately sensitized subjects.
Atopic disease in ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease
Authors: PUGH S. M. , RHODES J. , MAYBERRY J. F. , ROBERTS D. L. , HEATLEY R. V. , NEWCOMBE R. G. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryThree hundred patients with ulcerative colitis, 200 with Crohn's disease and matched control subjects completed questionnaires about atopic disease. They were asked whether they had ever suffered from asthma, hay fever, allergic rhinitis or eczema; in ulcerative colitis all of these features occurred with twice the frequency, but in Crohn's disease only eczema was more common than in controls.
Non‐specific reactions caused by diluents containing glycerol in nasal and bronchial challenge tests
Authors: HAAHTELA T. , LAHDENSUO A. 
Published: April 2006

SummarySixty‐one patients hospitalized because of asthma and/or allergic rhinitis were given nasal and bronchial challenge tests with diluents containing gylcerol. 62% of the patients with rhinitis and 37% of those with asthma gave positive reactions. Glycerol should therefore not be used in allergen extracts which are meant for challenge tests. The non‐specific effect of glycerol seems to be cumulative with increasing dose.
Intravenous NAB 365 (clenbuterol) and terbutaline in exercise‐induced bronchospasm (EIB)
Authors: DEL BONO N. , QUARTIERI F. , VIBELLI C. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn a single‐blind, placebo‐controlled, cross‐over study, the effects of intravenous 20 μg NAB 365 (clenbuterol) and intravenous 250 μg terbutaline were compared in nine asthmatic patients with bronchospasm induced by exercise. The exercise consisted of treadmill running. The two beta‐adrenergic bronchodilator drugs effectively prevented post‐exercise bronchospasm in eight of the nine patients. The effects were superior to those in the untreated group and in the placebo‐treated group. Six of the patients treated with terbutaline complained of adverse reactions (tremor, palpitation, tachycardia). No adverse reactions were observed after clenbuterol.
A prospective study of respiratory infection in adult asthmatics and their normal spouses
Authors: TARLO S. , BRODER I. , SPENCE L. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryA prospective study of respiratory infections was performed in nineteen married asthmatics and their normal spouses who were examined at monthly intervals during a 1‐year period. The colds described were associated with nasal symptoms, sore throat and usually malaise, fever, cough and hoarseness. The asthmatics reported a larger number of these symptomatic episodes that the non‐asthmatics but significantly fewer of the episodes in the asthmatics were objectively confirmed by viral isolation or rise in serum titre of viral antibody. The frequency of respiratory infections was not influenced by the long term use of inhaled beclomethasone dipropionate and oral corticosteroid drugs. Less than 10% of the exacerbations of asthma were associated with respiratory infection. The disability resulting from respiratory infections in the asthmatics did not significantly exceed that in the non‐asthmatics.
Observations on the aetiology and natural history of stinging insect sensitivity: application of measurements of venom‐specific IgE
Authors: REISMAN R. E. , ARBESMAN C. E. , LAZELL M. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryMeasurements of serum venom specific IgE were used to gain further insight into the aetiology and natural history of stinging insect allergy. Several aspects were studied.(a) Following sting reactions, sequential sera were examined in the absence of venom immunotherapy. There was a marked individual patient variation in the persistence of venom specific IgE. In nine patients, antibody levels dropped to insignificant levels, suggesting the possibility that sensitivity can be lost spontaneously.(b) Details of four patients with anamnestic IgE antibody responses after sting reactions are presented. These responses occurred even when prior antibody titres were negligible, suggesting that patients mentioned above (No. 1) will require careful monitoring. The anamnestic responses are insect specific.(c) Eighteen patients were studied who had typical insect sting anaphylaxis and subsequent insignificant serum levels of venom specific IgE. One third also had negative direct skin tests with venom. These observations suggest that the possibility for a non‐IgE pathogenesis for some insect sting reactions may have to be considered.(d) One patient was identified who became sensitized to non‐venom protein in whole body insect extracts as the result of whole body extract therapy.
Prevalence of asthma: a comparative study of urban and rural Xhosa children
Authors: VAN NIEKERK C. H. , WEINBERG E. G. , SHORE S. C. , HEESE H. DE V. , VAN SCHALKWYK D. J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryAn epidemiological study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of asthma in young urban and rural black (Xhosa) children. One thousand three hundred and seventy five children were studied, 694 from a Cape Town african township and 671 from a rural area in Transkei. The exercise tolerance test which required free range running at maximum effort for 6 min was used to identify asthmatic subjects. A fall of 15% or more in the post‐exercise FEV1 and PEFR values was regarded as a positive result. Twenty‐three children were found to be asthmatic, twenty‐two from the city area, but only one from the country, giving a prevalence figure for asthma of 3.17% in the first group and 0.14% for the second. Possible reasons for these differences are discussed.The exercise tolerance test was found to be a useful tool for epidemiological studies of asthma.
Species specific grass pollen sensitivity: diagnosis and treatment with single grass species Allpyral vaccines
Authors: BROWN H. MORROW , THANTREY NAZRA , JACKSON FELICITY 
Published: April 2006

SummarySkin test titrations and nasal provocation tests in sixty patients with hay fever showed specific reactions to extracts of individual grass species. There was, however, no correlation between skin and nasal sensitivity. Repeat testing after treatment with Allpyral vaccines consisting of only the grass species to which the nasal reaction was most severe, or only one of several pollens to which reactions were equally severe, showed marked diminution of skin and nasal sensitivity not only to the single pollen used for immuno‐therapy but to all five common pollens used in the Allpyral grass mix. Clinical results seemed much improved as compared with results in the same year for Allpyral five grass mix vaccines, especially in the case of patients treated with Timothy, rye, or cocksfoot. It was concluded that these three grasses were to be preferred for treatment in England, and that these grasses contain common allergens.
Airflow obstruction in asthma induced by inhalation of small minimum doses of allergen
Authors: KURIMOTO Y. , KURIMOTO S. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIn order to define allergen‐induced bronchial responses, sixteen asthmatics, assessed as mild (twelve cases) and moderate (four cases) were tested by inhalation of small doses of house dust allergen. The minimum dose was first determined in each patient. It caused no abnormal respiratory sensation, while a fall of V̇max50 air with no change or slight decrease of V̇max50 He‐O2 and a rise of density dependence ratio were observed. Inhalation tests with multiples of the minimum dose were made and showed that the minimum dose was dependent on the individual, his condition and induced airflow obstruction in a dose‐related fashion.
Measurement of IgG antibodies to house dust mite and grass pollen by a solid‐phase radioimmunoassay
Authors: DELESPESSE G. , DEBISSCHOP M. J. , FLAMENT J. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryPolystyrene microtubes, coated with extracts of either Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (DPT) or grass pollens, were used as the solid‐phase in a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of specific IgG antibodies to the corresponding allergen. Radiolabelled protein A from Staphylococcus aureus (SpA) was used to determine the IgG antibodies attached to the tubes. The binding of IgG from either normal or allergic sera to DPT‐coated tubes was antigen specific and mediated by the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. IgG antibodies purified by affinity chromatography from non‐allergic serum competed with IgE antibodies to DPT.IgE antibodies do not significantly interfere with the assay. Indeed, heating a reaginic serum resulted in a striking reduction of the (125I) anti‐IgE binding to allergen‐coated tubes without modifying the (125I)‐SpA binding. Furthermore, filtration of a reaginic serum through Sephacryl S‐200 separated a peak of IgE antibodies, characterized by a high binding of labelled a‐IgE and a low binding of (125I)‐SpA from the peak of IgG antibodies defined by low a‐IgE and high SpA binding.The solid phase method is more sensitive than a double‐antibody technique employing the same DPT extract as labelled antigen. Non‐allergic subjects had less IgG antibodies to DPT or grass pollens than allergic patients.In untreated patients, there was a good correlation between levels of IgG and IgE antibodies to grass pollens but not to DPT. Patients hyposensitized to house dust mite had on the average three times more specific IgG antibodies than untreated cases.