bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A transgenic red fluorescent protein‐expressing nude mouse for color‐coded imaging of the tumor microenvironment
Authors: Yang Meng , Reynoso Jose , Bouvet Michael , Hoffman Robert M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical for tumor growth and progression. We have previously developed color‐coded imaging of the TME using a green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgenic nude mouse as a host. However, most donor sources of cell types appropriate for study in the TME are from mice expressing GFP. Therefore, a nude mouse expressing red fluorescent protein (RFP) would be an appropriate host for transplantation of GFP‐expressing stromal cells as well as double‐labeled cancer cells expressing GFP in the nucleus and RFP in the cytoplasm, thereby creating a three‐color imaging model of the TME. The RFP nude mouse was obtained by crossing non‐transgenic nude mice with the transgenic C57/B6 mouse in which the β‐actin promoter drives RFP (DsRed2) expression in essentially all tissues. In crosses between nu/nu RFP male mice and nu/+ RFP female mice, the embryos fluoresced red. Approximately 50% of the offspring of these mice were RFP nude mice. In the RFP nude mouse, the organs all brightly expressed RFP, including the heart, lungs, spleen, pancreas, esophagus, stomach, duodenum, the male and female reproductive systems; brain and spinal cord; and the circulatory system, including the heart, and major arteries and veins. The skinned skeleton highly expressed RFP. The bone marrow and spleen cells were also RFP positive. GFP‐expressing human cancer cell lines, including HCT‐116‐GFP colon cancer and MDA‐MB‐435‐GFP breast cancer were orthotopically transplanted to the transgenic RFP nude mice. These human tumors grew extensively in the transgenic RFP nude mouse. Dual‐color fluorescence imaging enabled visualization of human tumor–host interaction. The RFP nude mouse model should greatly expand our knowledge of the TME. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 279–284, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transplantation of human embryonic stem cell‐derived endothelial cells for vascular diseases
Authors: Li Zongjin , Han Zhongchao , Wu Joseph C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractUsing endothelial cells for therapeutic angiogenesis/vasculogenesis of ischemia diseases has led to exploring human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as a potentially unlimited source for endothelial progenitor cells. With their capacity for self‐renewal and pluripotency, hESCs and their derived endothelial cells (hESC‐ECs) may be more advantageous than other endothelial cells obtained from diseased populations. However, hESC‐ECs' poor differentiation efficiency and poorly characterized in vivo function after transplantation present significant challenges for their future clinical application. This review will focus on the differentiation pathways of hESCs and their therapeutic potential for vascular diseases, as well as the monitoring of transplanted cells' fate via molecular imaging. Finally, cell enhancement strategies to improve the engraftment efficiency of hESC‐ECs will be discussed. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 194–199, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Transcription factor TFII‐I causes transcriptional upregulation of GRP78 synthesis in prostate cancer cells
Authors: Misra U.K. , Wang F. , Pizzo S.V. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractReceptor‐recognized forms of α2‐macroglobulin (α2M*) bind to cell surface‐associated GRP78 and induce proliferative and survival signaling in prostate cancer cells. As part of the cellular response to α2M*, GRP78 expression is itself upregulated. In response to other stimuli, the transcription factor TFII‐I upregulates GRP78 by binding to its gene promoter. We have, therefore, studied the role of TFII‐I in transcriptional upregulation of GRP78 in 1‐LN human prostate cancer cells stimulated with α2M*. This treatment caused a two‐ to threefold increase in TFII‐I and GRP78 synthesis from [35S]‐labeled precursor amino acids. Synthesis of both TFII‐I and GRP78 were significantly reduced by silencing TFII‐I gene expression or pretreatment of cells with genistein or actinomycin D. Confocal microscopy was employed to demonstrate relocation of TFII‐I to the nucleus. In α2M*‐stimulated cells, moreover, TFII‐I bound to the GRP78 promoter as determined by CHIP assay. We also demonstrate binding of TFII‐I to the c‐fos promoter, consistent with its role in upregulating c‐fos gene expression. In non‐lymphoid cells, phosphorylated c‐Src is an activator of TFII‐I. Ligation of GRP78 on 1‐LN cells with α2M* was followed by tyrosine phosphorylation of c‐Src as well as TFII‐I. We conclude that α2M*‐induced increase in GRP78 synthesis is caused by transcriptional upregulation of TFII‐I which binds to the GRP78 promoter and thus potentiates its cell survival and antipoptotic functions in 1‐LN prostate cancer cells. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 381–389, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chromatin remodeling in Embryonic stem cells: Regulating the balance between pluripotency and differentiation
Authors: Keenen Bridget , de la Serna Ivana L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEmbryonic stem cells have an unlimited potential for self‐renewal yet are pluripotent, capable of differentiating into three different germ layers and ultimately into multiple cell lineages. Key pluripotency specific factors maintain an undifferentiated ES cell phenotype while lineage specific factors work in opposition to promote cell specialization. In addition to these important transcriptional regulators, epigenetic modifiers play a defining role in regulating the balance between pluripotency and differentiation by promoting changes in chromatin structure. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 1–7, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The involvement of Ca2+ and integrins in directional responses of zebrafish keratocytes to electric fields
Authors: Huang Ling , Cormie Peter , Messerli Mark A. , Robinson Kenneth R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMany cells respond directionally to small DC electrical fields (EFs) by an unknown mechanism, but changes in intracellular Ca2+ are widely assumed to be involved. We have used zebrafish (Danio rerio) keratocytes in an effort to understand the nature of the EF‐cell interaction. We find that the adult zebrafish integument drives substantial currents outward through wounds produced by scale removal, establishing that keratocytes near the wound will experience endogenous EFs. Isolated keratocytes in culture turn toward the cathode in fields as small as 7 mV mm−1, and the response is independent of cell size. Epidermal sheets are similarly sensitive. The frequency of intracellular Ca2+ spikes and basal Ca2+ levels were increased by EFs, but the spikes were not a necessary aspect of migration or EF response. Two‐photon imaging failed to detect a pattern of gradients of Ca2+ across the lamellipodia during normal or EF‐induced turning but did detect a sharp, stable Ca2+ gradient at the junction of the lamellipodium and the cell body. We conclude that gradients of Ca2+ within the lamellipodium are not required for the EF response. Immunostaining revealed an anode to cathode gradient of integrin β1 during EF‐induced turning, and interference with integrin function attenuated the EF response. Neither electrophoretic redistribution of membrane proteins nor asymmetric perturbations of the membrane potential appear to be involved in the EF response, and we propose a new model in which hydrodynamic forces generated by electro‐osmotic water flow mediate EF‐cell interactions via effects on focal adhesions. J. Cell. Physiol. 219: 162–172, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Amelogenin in cranio‐facial development: the tooth as a model to study the role of amelogenin during embryogenesis
Authors: Gruenbaum‐Cohen Yael , Tucker Abigail S. , Haze Amir , Shilo Dekel , Taylor Angela L. , Shay Boaz , Sharpe Paul T. , Mitsiadis Thimios A. , Ornoy Asher , Blumenfeld Anat , Deutsch Dan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe amelogenins comprise 90% of the developing extracellular enamel matrix proteins and play a major role in the biomineralization and structural organization of enamel. Amelogenins were also detected, in smaller amounts, in postnatal calcifying mesenchymal tissues, and in several nonmineralizing tissues including brain. Low molecular mass amelogenin isoforms were suggested to have signaling activity; to produce ectopically chondrogenic and osteogenic‐like tissue and to affect mouse tooth germ differentiation in vitro. Recently, some amelogenin isoforms were found to bind to the cell surface receptors; LAMP‐1, LAMP‐2 and CD63, and subsequently localize to the perinuclear region of the cell. The recombinant amelogenin protein (rHAM+) alone brought about regeneration of the tooth supporting tissues: cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone, in the dog model, through recruitment of progenitor cells and mesenchymal stem cells.We show that amelogenin is expressed in various tissues of the developing mouse embryonic cranio‐facial complex such as brain, eye, ganglia, peripheral nerve trunks, cartilage and bone, and is already expressed at E10.5 in the brain and eye, long before the initiation of tooth formation. Amelogenin protein expression was detected in the tooth germ (dental lamina) already at E13.5, much earlier than previously reported (E19). Application of amelogenin (rHAM+) beads together with DiI, on E13.5 and E14.5 embryonic mandibular mesenchyme and on embryonic tooth germ, revealed recruitment of mesenchymal cells. The present results indicate that amelogenin has an important role in many tissues of the cranio‐facial complex during mouse embryonic development and differentiation, and might be a multifunctional protein. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:445–457, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The role of Tripartism in a global HIV/AIDS workplace initiative
Authors: Rogers Susan J. , Adetoro Abiodun , Burke Patrick , Llado Juan , Lukyanova Natalya 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA strategic venue to address the global HIV/AIDS pandemic has become the workplace. One program, SMARTWork, implemented by the Academy for Educational Development (AED) in six diverse countries, utilized a tripartite approach fostering partnerships between three sectors—government, business and labour—to advance HIV/AIDS workplace policies and programs at the national, provincial and enterprise levels. The implementation of this approach produced important learnings in the field of HIV/AIDS and the world of work. First, getting an early understanding of the country context and prior tripartite conditions helps identify the facilitators and barriers to tripartite building. Second, inclusion is critical—insisting on a structure where all sector partners have a [place at the table] helps build the credibility of weaker sectors and strengthens tripartism. Third, sector expectations must be clear—tripartite partners need to be transparent with each other about how to plan for and obtain resource commitments to advance their objectives. Most importantly, flexibility is key. While starving for collaboration between the three tripartite partners, individual sectors can have strategic impact, along with bipartite partnerships, in addressing HIV/AIDS in the workplace. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Functional morphology and patterns of blood flow in the heart of Python regius
Authors: Starck J. Matthias 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBrightness‐modulated ultrasonography, continuous‐wave Doppler, and pulsed‐wave Doppler‐echocardiography were used to analyze the functional morphology of the undisturbed heart of ball pythons. In particular, the action of the muscular ridge and the atrio‐ventricular valves are key features to understand how patterns of blood flow emerge from structures directing blood into the various chambers of the heart. A step‐by‐step image analysis of echocardiographs shows that during ventricular diastole, the atrio‐ventricular valves block the interventricular canals so that blood from the right atrium first fills the cavum venosum, and blood from the left atrium fills the cavum arteriosum. During diastole, blood from the cavum venosum crosses the muscular ridge into the cavum pulmonale. During middle to late systole the muscular ridge closes, thus prohibiting further blood flow into the cavum pulmonale. At the same time, the atrio‐ventricular valves open the interventricular canal and allow blood from the cavum arteriosum to flow into the cavum venosum. In the late phase of ventricular systole, all blood from the cavum pulmonale is pressed into the pulmonary trunk; all blood from the cavum venosum is pressed into both aortas. Quantitative measures of blood flow volume showed that resting snakes bypass the pulmonary circulation and shunt about twice the blood volume into the systemic circulation as into the pulmonary circulation. When digesting, the oxygen demand of snakes increased tremendously. This is associated with shunting more blood into the pulmonary circulation. The results of this study allow the presentation of a detailed functional model of the python heart. They are also the basis for a functional hypothesis of how shunting is achieved. Further, it was shown that shunting is an active regulation process in response to changing demands of the organism (here, oxygen demand). Finally, the results of this study support earlier reports about a dual pressure circulation in Python regius. J. Morphol., 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Fast 3D 1H MRSI of the corticospinal tract in pediatric brain
Authors: Kim Dong‐Hyun , Gu Meng , Cunningham Charles , Chen Albert , Baumer Fiona , Glenn Orit A. , Vigneron Daniel B. , Spielman Daniel Mark , Barkovich Anthony James 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo develop a 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequence that can be used to image infants/children at 3T and by combining it with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractography, extract relevant metabolic information corresponding to the corticospinal tract (CST).Materials and MethodsA fast 3D MRSI sequence was developed for pediatric neuroimaging at 3T using spiral k‐space readout and dual band RF pulses (32 × 32 × 8 cm field of view [FOV], 1 cc iso‐resolution, TR/TE = 1500/130, 6:24 minute scan). Using DTI tractography to identify the motor tracts, spectra were extracted from the CSTs and quantified. Initial data from infants/children with suspected motor delay (n = 5) and age‐matched controls (n = 3) were collected and N‐acetylaspartate (NAA) ratios were quantified.ResultsThe average signal‐to‐noise ratio of the NAA peak from the studies was ≈22. Metabolite profiles were successfully acquired from the CST by using DTI tractography. Decreased NAA ratios in those with motor delay compared to controls of ≈10% at the CST were observed.ConclusionA fast and robust 3D MRSI technique targeted for pediatric neuroimaging has been developed. By combining with DTI tractography, metabolic information from the CSTs can be retrieved and estimated. By combining DTI and 3D MRSI, spectral information from various tracts can be obtained and processed. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:1–6. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Absolute blood contrast concentration and blood signal saturation on myocardial perfusion MRI: Estimation from CT data
Authors: Ishida Masaki , Sakuma Hajime , Murashima Shuichi , Nishida Junko , Senga Masayo , Kobayasi Shigeki , Takeda Kan , Kato Noriyuki 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine the optimal contrast injection rate and absolute blood gadolinium concentration for optimal first‐pass imaging.Materials and MethodsThe concentration of contrast medium in left ventricle (LV) was estimated from dynamic computed tomography (CT) by administering iodinated contrast medium of volume (0.2 mL/kg) equivalent to 0.1 mmol/kg of gadolinium injection in 50 subjects. A blood sample study was performed to determine the relationship between blood signal and gadolinium concentration on perfusion MRI.ResultsThe mean peak gadolinium concentration in LV increased as the injection rate increased from 1 mL/sec (3.7 ± 1.2 mM), to 4 mL/sec (6.9 ± 2.7 mM) (P < 0.01). However, no significant improvement was found with an increase in the injection rate from 4 mL/sec to 5 mL/sec (6.8 ± 1.5 mM, P = 0.86). In a blood sample study the linear relationship between blood signal and gadolinium concentration was maintained in the range of ≤0.67 mM (r = 0.992), which corresponds to a peak blood concentration following a 0.01 mmol/kg gadolinium injection.ConclusionThe optimal contrast injection rate for myocardial perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appears to be 4 mL/sec. Saturation of arterial input signal is inevitable if the dose of gadolinium contrast medium exceeds 0.01 mmol/kg. These findings are essential for accurate quantification of myocardial blood flow from perfusion MRI. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:205–210. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Stimulation threshold comparison of time‐varying magnetic pulses with different waveforms
Authors: Irnich Werner , Hebrank Franz X. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo clarify whether sinusoidal pulses possess lower thresholds than rectangular ones at perception threshold, a statement often made that contradicts the theory of stimulation.Materials and MethodsThe results of a nerve stimulation study with 65 volunteers and with trapezoidal and sinusoidal gradient pulses were used to apply the combination of the electric field, induced in the tissue of the human body, with the “Fundamental Law of Electrostimulation.” This law claims that the waveshape of a pulse is not essential as long as the amplitude of the pulse does not decrease below rheobase (rheobase condition).ResultsIf the rheobase condition is applied to sinusoidal waveforms and the pulse duration and amplitude is corrected accordingly, both trapezoidal and sinusoidal gradient pulses have identical threshold amplitudes as a function of pulse duration.ConclusionThe “Fundamental Law of Electrostimulation,” including the “rheobase condition,” proved to be a good basis for describing magnetic field stimulation (magnetostimulation) and that application of it to magnetostimulation is suitable as the basis for describing magnetic field stimulation with various waveforms. For nonrectangular pulses, pulse durations and pulse amplitudes must be corrected according to the “rheobase condition.” The exponential Blair Equation is less suited to be applied in magnetostimulation. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:229–236. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Calibrated magnetic resonance hydrometry to quantify pancreatic juice: A preliminary study
Authors: Jin En‐hao , Ichikawa Tomoaki , Erturk Sukru Mehmet , Motosugi Utaroh , Hirano Masaya , Araki Tsutomu 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo investigate the effectiveness of the calibrated MR hydrometry (CMRH) method for accurately measuring pancreatic secretion.Materials and MethodsAll studies were performed on a 1.5‐T MR system using a fat‐suppressed, single‐shot half‐Fourier fast spin‐echo sequence with a standard body coil. A certain volume (20 mL) of saline solution was employed as an extrabody calibrator. The validity of the CMRH method was tested both in vitro and in vivo, and actual and calculated volumes were compared.ResultsThe in vitro study yielded a high correlation (r = 0.99; P < 0.0001) between the actual volume of saline solution in the imaging field and the calculated volume. In the in vivo study, for all volunteers, there was a very strong and significant positive correlation between the measured signal intensities or calculated volumes and actual volumes (correlation coefficient range: 0.94–0.99; P < 0.0001).ConclusionThis preliminary study shows that CMRH is an effective tool to measure the amount of pancreatic fluid secretion. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:217–220. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Visualization of the lenticulostriate artery with flow‐sensitive black‐blood acquisition in comparison with time‐of‐flight MR angiography
Authors: Gotoh Kimio , Okada Tomohisa , Miki Yukio , Ikedo Masato , Ninomiya Ayako , Kamae Toshikazu , Togashi Kaori 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the capability of flow‐sensitive black blood (FSBB) acquisition to visualize the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) in comparison with time‐of‐flight (TOF) angiography.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐one healthy subjects (13 males and 8 females, 19–44 years old) were enrolled in this study after obtaining written informed consent. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examinations were performed with FSBB and TOF to visualize the LSA using a 1.5T MRI unit. In FSBB acquisition a motion probing gradient of b = 4 sec/mm2 was applied to dephase blood flow. Images were reconstructed into coronal sections and were evaluated in terms of number, length, and image quality at origins and distal areas of visualized LSA branches with a four‐point scale.ResultsIn all, 145 LSA branches were visualized with FSBB and 66 branches with TOF. There was no LSA visualized only with TOF. In all evaluated terms, FSBB was significantly better than TOF.ConclusionWe could better visualize the LSA with FSBB than with TOF, both quantitatively and qualitatively. FSBB is a promising method, although it remains to be evaluated in clinical cases. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:65–69. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical evaluation of automated scan prescription of knee MR images
Authors: Lecouvet Frederic E. , Claus Jérôme , Schmitz Patrick , Denolin Vincent , Bos Clemens , Vande Berg Bruno C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPurposeTo compare an automated scan planning method to manual scan positioning in routine knee magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies.Materials and MethodsThe automated scan planning method uses anatomical landmarks in a 3D survey of the knee. The method is trained by example plannings, consisting of manual slice positioning by an experienced technologist in 15 MRI studies. Automated knee MR examinations obtained in three geometries in 50 consecutive patients were compared to those obtained in 50 consecutive control patients, where imaging planes were planned manually. Anatomical coverage and slice angulation were scored for each geometry on a 4‐grade scale by an experienced radiologist blinded to the way of planning; groups were compared using a Mann–Whitney U‐test.ResultsIn 150 automated sequences the technologist adapted slice positioning in four cases (addition of slices to adapt to the size of the knee), representing the only automated sequences that received a poor rating. Thirteen sequences with manual planning received a poor rating. No difference in quality was found (P > 0.05) between automated and manual plannings for coronal coverage, sagittal coverage and angulation, and transverse angulation. Rating of automated planning was higher for transverse coverage, but lower than manual planning for coronal angulation.ConclusionAutomated sequence prescription for knee MRI is feasible in clinical practice, with similar quality as manual positioning. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2009;29:141–145. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.