bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating stock parameters from trawl cpue-at-age series using year-class curves
Authors: Cotter A. J. R. , Mesnil B. , Piet G. J. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Cotter, A. J. R., Mesnil, B., and Piet, G. J. 2007. Estimating stock parameters from trawl cpue-at-age series using year-class curves. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 234–247. A year-class curve is a plot of log cpue (catch per unit effort) over age for a single year class of a species (in contrast to the better known catch curve, fitted to multiple year classes at one time). When linear, the intercept and slope estimate the log cpue at age 0 and the average rate of total mortality, Z, respectively. Here, we suggest methodological refinements within a linear least squares framework. Candidate models may include a selectivity term, fleet-specific parameters, and polynomials in year to allow for gradual variations of Z. An iterative weighting method allows for differing precisions among the different fleets, and a forward (one-step ahead) validation procedure tests predicted cpue against observed values. Choice of the best approximating model(s) is made by ranking the biological credibility of each candidate model, then by comparing graphic plots, precision of prediction, and the Akaike Information Criterion. Two example analyses are (i) a comparison of estimated and true results for five stock simulations carried out by the US National Research Council, and (ii) modelling three beam trawl surveys for plaice (Pleuronectes platessa) in the North Sea. Results were consistent with known, age-related, offshore migrations by plaice. Year-class curves are commended as a widely applicable, statistically based, visual, and robust method.
Establishing stakeholder connections for management of the Irish orange roughy fishery
Authors: Shephard Samuel , Connolly Paul , Hareide Nils-Roar , Rogan Emer 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
S. Shephard, P. Connolly, N.-R. Hareide, and E. Rogan. 2007. Establishing stakeholder connections for management of the Irish orange roughy fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 841–845. In 2000, an Irish fishery for orange roughy commenced in ICES Subarea VII. Landings peaked at >5000 t in 2002, but the fishery was largely closed from January 2005 because of concern about unsustainable fishing and the negative effects on deepwater sharks and coral. A multidimensional project was initiated in 2003 to investigate the fishery system and to develop a management plan. The project emphasized the establishment of productive relationships with stakeholders, particularly fishers. We describe and evaluate the process by which such linkages were developed successfully. Informal discussion with fishers produced experiential knowledge that described fishery development and fishing strategies, and informed subsequent scientific data collection. Strengthening relationships permitted access to commercial fishing trips and cooperation in research. An atmosphere developed in which management options could be debated in both wheelhouse and boardroom. Eventually, a formal research/stock assessment survey took place in which fishers, agencies, and deepwater coral ecologists cooperated.
Migrations, fishery interactions, and management units of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Northwest Europe
Authors: Pawson M. G. , Pickett G. D. , Leballeur J. , Brown M. , Fritsch M. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Pawson, M. G., Pickett, G. D., Leballeur, J. Brown, M., and Fritsch, M. 2007. Migrations, fishery interactions, and management units of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) in Northwest Europe. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 332–345. A total of 4959 sea bass was tagged between 2000 and 2005 around the coasts of England, Wales, southern Ireland, and the Channel Isles to investigate whether movement patterns documented in 1987 have changed and to estimate the level of competition for sea bass between inshore and offshore fisheries. Most (54%) of the recaptures of adult bass (fish >40 cm) tagged inshore and made between May and October were within 16 km of the release positions. From November on, an increasing proportion was recaptured at least 80 km south or southwest of tagging sites. Bass tagged on offshore spawning grounds in March and April showed reciprocal movement, 75% of recaptures between May and October being at least 80 km from the release site. These observations reaffirm the hypothesis that adult sea bass may move considerable distances to offshore winter spawning areas, but there was little evidence of the spawning migrations between the North Sea and the western Channel that were observed in the early 1980s. Just 3% of the recaptures of bass >36 cm tagged in UK inshore fisheries were reported from the offshore pairtrawl fishery, whereas half the recaptures of bass tagged in that fishery were made inshore along the UK coast. When weighted by the respective catches, this suggests that the effects of management measures implemented in the UK inshore fishery are largely restricted to that fishery. A proposal for stock units for assessment and management of NW European sea bass fisheries is presented.
Environmental stewardship as a new form of fisheries governance
Authors: Gray Tim S. , Hatchard Jenny 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Gray, T. S., and Hatchard, J. 2007. Environmental stewardship as a new form of fisheries governance. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 786–792. Environmental stewardship is a form of governance that reflects the rising tide of influence on fisheries management exerted by environmental principles such as marine protected areas, the ecosystem-based approach, and the precautionary approach. First, we assess the extent to which environmental stewardship has moved beyond the level of rhetoric, whereby regulators pay lip service to such principles, and has reached such a level of power that environmental priorities hold sway over the decision-making process. In other words, we consider how far environmental stewardship has infiltrated the political system by constructing a powerful network of governance, including what is known in the international environmental politics literature as an “epistemic community”. Second, we establish the foundational conception on which this environmental stewardship rests: is it nature conservation or is it sustainable development? Elements of both conceptions are found in most of the sources of the environmental stewardship mode of fisheries governance (though in differing proportions), but there is a threat to the fishing industry if the nature conservation conception becomes dominant. The best strategy for industry is to embrace the sustainable development conception of environmental stewardship and to demonstrate that the objectives of the nature conservation conception can and must be accommodated within the overarching conception of sustainable development. Otherwise, industry could find itself increasingly marginalized in fisheries decision-making by a top-down imposition of nature conservationist environmental stewardship imperatives.
Environmental variability in the North Atlantic and Iberian waters and its influence on horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) dynamics
Authors: Lavín Alicia , Moreno-Ventas Xabier , Ortiz de Zárate Victoria , Abaunza Pablo , Cabanas José Manuel 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Lavín, A., Moreno-Ventas, X., Ortiz de Zárate, V., Abaunza, P., and Cabanas, J. M. 2007. Environmental variability in the North Atlantic and Iberian waters and its influence on horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) and albacore (Thunnus alalunga) dynamics. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 425–438. We explore the potential impact of climatic and oceanic variables on the dynamics of horse mackerel Trachurus trachurus (coastal distribution) and albacore Thunnus alalunga (oceanic distribution). Principal components analysis of a set of environmental parameters for the years 1966–2000 allowed us to characterize the system by three components. The first consisted mainly of sea surface temperature (SST; 18.5% of variability), the second was determined by the oceanic transport indices, potential energy anomaly (PEA), and the Gulf Stream Index (15.6%), and the third by the meridional wind component and Ekman transport (11.5%). Horse mackerel recruitment was negatively correlated mainly with the first thermal component, whereas albacore age 3 catches were negatively correlated with the second oceanic component and positively with the third wind component. Multiple linear regression confirmed that environmental conditions [SST, PEA, and the zonal (east–west) wind component] explained the availability of age 3 albacore to the surface fisheries for the period 1975–1999. In contrast, cross-validation analysis showed that environmental conditions did not consistently explain horse mackerel recruitment, probably because of the short time-series available (15 y).
Developing management procedures that are robust to uncertainty: lessons from the International Whaling Commission
Authors: Punt André E. , Donovan Greg P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPunt, A. E. and Donovan, G. P. 2007. Developing management procedures that are robust to uncertainty: lessons from the International Whaling Commission. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 603–612. Traditionally, fisheries management advice has been based on stock assessments that considered merely the “best” set of assumptions while uncertainty arising only from observation and process error was quantified, if considered at all. Unfortunately, uncertainty attributable to lack of understanding of the true underlying system and to ineffective implementation may dominate the sources of error that must be accounted for if management is to be successful. The management procedure approach is advocated as the appropriate way to develop management advice for renewable resources. This approach, pioneered by the International Whaling Commission (IWC) Scientific Committee, takes politically agreed management objectives and incorporates all scientific aspects of management including data collection and analysis, development of robust harvest control laws or effort regulations, and monitoring. A primary feature is that uncertainty (including that arising from sources conventionally ignored) is taken into account explicitly through population simulations for a variety of scenarios. The nature of the management procedures developed for commercial and aboriginal subsistence whaling and the processes by which they have been developed is highlighted. We also identify lessons that have been learned from two decades of IWC experience and suggest how these can be applied to other fishery situations.
Application of the precautionary approach and conservation reference points to management of Atlantic seals
Authors: Hammill M. O. , Stenson G. B. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Hammill, M. O., and Stenson, G. B. 2007. Application of the precautionary approach and conservation reference points to management of Atlantic seals. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 702–706. Resource management requires a trade-off between conservation, economic, and political concerns in establishing harvest levels. The precautionary approach (PA) brings scientists, resource managers, and stakeholders together to identify clear management objectives and to agree on population benchmarks that would initiate certain management actions when those benchmarks are exceeded. A conceptual framework for applying the PA to marine mammals is outlined. For a data-rich species, precautionary and conservation reference levels are proposed. When a population falls below the precautionary reference level, increasingly risk-averse conservation measures are applied. A more conservative, risk-averse approach is required for managing data-poor species. The framework has been implemented for the management of commercial seal harvests in Atlantic Canada.
Scientific tools to support the practical implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management
Authors: Smith A. D. M. , Fulton E. J. , Hobday A. J. , Smith D. C. , Shoulder P. 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Smith, A. D. M., Fulton, E. J., Hobday, A. J., Smith, D. C., and Shoulder, P. 2007. Scientific tools to support the practical implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 633–639. Ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM) has emerged during the past 5 y as an alternative approach to single-species fishery management. To date, policy development has generally outstripped application and implementation. The EBFM approach has been broadly adopted at a policy level within Australia through a variety of instruments including fisheries legislation, environmental legislation, and a national policy on integrated oceans management. The speed of policy adoption has necessitated equally rapid development of scientific and management tools to support practical implementation. We discuss some of the scientific tools that have been developed to meet this need. These tools include extension of the management strategy evaluation (MSE) approach to evaluate broader ecosystem-based fishery management strategies (using the Atlantis modelling framework), development of new approaches to ecological risk assessment (ERA) for evaluating the ecological impacts of fishing, and development of a harvest strategy framework (HSF) and policy that forms the basis for a broader EBFM strategy. The practical application of these tools (MSE, ERA, and HSF) is illustrated for the southern and eastern fisheries of Australia.
TEMAS: fleet-based bio-economic simulation software to evaluate management strategies accounting for fleet behaviour
Authors: Ulrich Clara , Andersen Bo Sølgaard , Sparre Per J. , Nielsen J. Rasmus 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Ulrich, C., Andersen, B. S., Sparre, P. J., and Nielsen, J. R. 2007. TEMAS: fleet-based bio-economic simulation software to evaluate management strategies accounting for fleet behaviour. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 647–651. TEMAS (technical management measures) is a fleet-based bio-economic software for evaluating management strategies accounting for technical measures and fleet behaviour. It focuses on mixed fisheries in which several fleets can choose among several fishing activities to target different stocks in one or several areas. The software combines a management strategy evaluation framework, using a forward-running operating model and a management procedure with a fleet behaviour module simulating both short-term (effort allocation) and long-term (entry/exit) fleet dynamics. The suite of models behind TEMAS can be thought of as an extension of the traditional ICES forecast model. Alternative management scenarios can be compared and evaluated for their bio-economic consequences and robustness to parameter uncertainty. The software is generic and user-friendly, and can be run at several space and time scales.
Potential benefits from improved selectivity in the northwest Mediterranean multispecies trawl fishery
Authors: Bahamon Nixon , Sardà Francesc , Suuronen Petri 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Bahamon, N., Sardà, F., and Suuronen, P. 2007. Potential benefits from improved selectivity in the northwest Mediterranean multispecies trawl fishery. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 757–760. The management scheme in the northwest Mediterranean multispecies demersal fishery is based largely on technical measures such as minimum mesh and landing sizes. However, selectivity of the trawls used is poor, and large numbers of juvenile fish are caught. We assess the consequences of improved gear selectivity for European hake, Norway lobster, poor cod, and greater forkbeard by assuming that the whole fleet would switch from the current 40 mm diamond-mesh to a 40 mm square-mesh (SM40) codend. The results suggest that, immediately after implementation, the yield-per-recruit (Y/R) would be reduced by up to 20% for the three fish species but that, within five years, the Y/R of European hake would increase by > 50 %, provided fishing effort did not change markedly. For poor cod and greater forkbeard, the comparable increases would be more moderate, whereas for Norway lobster, the gains would only be small. Overall, marked long-term benefits might be obtained by changing to SM40 codends.
The fishery conservation policy of the European Union after 2002: towards long-term sustainability
Authors: Penas Ernesto 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Penas, E. 2007. The fishery conservation policy of the European Union after 2002: towards long-term sustainability. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 588–595. In December 2002, changes were introduced in the Common Fisheries Policy (CFP) as part of a longer-term reform process. Although implementation of these changes is gradual, experience over the past 3 years has already provided some lessons. This paper summarizes the main elements of the reform, describes the progress in their implementation, draws some provisional conclusions, and highlights the main scientific challenges in relation to implementation of the revised CFP. The adaptation of the scientific advice to changing needs, the difficulty of changing the tradition of managing stocks through annual decisions, and the development of a fruitful dialogue among fishers, scientists, and managers are the main challenges still to be resolved to ensure effective implementation.
Institutional designs to face the dark side of total allowable catches
Authors: del Valle Ikerne , Astorkiza Kepa 
Published: July 2007

Abstractdel Valle, I., and Astorkiza, K. 2007. Institutional designs to face the dark side of total allowable catches. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 64: 851–857. Setting total allowable catches (TACs) is an endogenous process in which different agents and institutions, often with conflicting interests and opportunistic behaviour, try to influence policy-makers. Far from being the benevolent social planners many would wish them to be, these policy-makers may also pursue self-interest when making final decisions. Although restricted knowledge of stock abundance and population dynamics, and weakness in enforcement, have effects, these other factors may explain why TAC management has failed to guarantee sustainable exploitation of fish resources. Rejecting the exogeneity of the TAC and taking advantage of fruitful debate on economic policy (i.e. the rules vs. discretion debate, and that surrounding the independence of central banks), two institutional developments are analysed as potential mechanisms to face up to misconceptions about TACs: long-term harvest control rules and a central bank of fish.
Inflammatory Cells Invading Muscle Fibers in Myotonic Dystrophy Type 2
Authors: Kawai Makoto , Gundogdu Betul , Kwan Justin , Mosier Dennis R 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

We report a case of genetically confirmed myotonic dystrophy type 2 with findings of significant inflammation in muscle. The initial presentation consisted of cramps and slowly progressive proximal muscle weakness, initially without distinguishing clinical features. Muscle biopsy showed invasion of both necrotic and nonnecrotic muscle fibers by CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes and upregulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I expression. Empiric immunosuppressive therapy did not provide clinical benefit. We note that several hereditary muscle disorders exhibit evidence of inflammation near necrotic fibers, believed to represent a secondary immune response. However, invasion of nonnecrotic fibers by inflammatory cells, a finding regarded as typical of primary inflammatory myopathies, has not been described in patients with myotonic dystrophy type 2. This case documents a significant inflammatory response in muscle of a patient with myotonic dystrophy type 2, which could lead to diagnostic confusion with the primary inflammatory myopathies.
Association of MT‐ND5 gene variation with mitochondrial respiratory control ratio and NADH dehydrogenase activity in Tibet chicken embryos
Authors: Bao H. G. , Zhao C. J. , Li J. Y. , Wu Ch. 
Published: July 2007

SummaryNADH dehydrogenase (complex I) couples the oxidation of NADH for the reduction of ubiquinone with the generation of a proton gradient that can be used for the synthesis of ATP. We have found a missense mutation in the MT‐ND5 subunit of NADH dehydrogenase in the Tibet chicken breed. In the present study, the mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR) and NADH dehydrogenase activity in Tibet chicken embryonic brain with different genotypes were measured. Significant differences between animals carrying mitochondria with the EF493865.1:m.1627A vs. EF493865.1:m.1627C alleles were observed for RCR and enzyme activity.
Macroinvertebrate communities of mediterranean ponds (North Iberian Plateau): importance of natural and human‐induced variability
Authors: TRIGAL CRISTINA , GARCÍA‐CRIADO FRANCISCO , ALÁEZ CAMINO‐FERNÁNDEZ 
Published: July 2007

Summary1. The effects of natural and human‐induced variability on the composition of macroinvertebrate communities of 28 ponds located in the North Iberian Plateau (Spain) were studied to determine the best predictors of community structure.2. Constrained ordination was used to identify the main factors explaining the among‐pond variance in abundance (as catch per unit effort) of total macroinvertebrate and Chironomidae assemblages and trophic structure (functional feeding groups).3. Variance partitioning showed that human disturbance (represented by a pond condition index, total phosphorus concentration and pesticides) was the best predictor of macroinvertebrate community structure, whereas factors, such as habitat and biotic variables were of secondary importance. Factors controlling the chironomid community were broadly similar to those acting on the whole community of macroinvertebrates. In contrast, trophic structure was mainly determined by habitat and biotic variables.4. Our results show that macroinvertebrates may be used as effective indicators of the ecological status of Mediterranean ponds. The Chironomidae deserve special attention because they were the dominant group in the study ponds and the strongest explanatory variable for their distribution was degradation.
A terrestrial scenario for the Cretaceous‐Tertiary boundary collapse of the marine pelagic ecosystem
Authors: Rohling E.J. , Zachariasse W.J. , Brinkhuis H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn this paper, we present an expansion of the model for marine ecosystem collapse at the Cretaceous‐Tertiary boundary presented by Brinkhuis and Zachariasse (1988). A long‐term sea‐level drop at the end of the Cretaceous culminated in a short‐term regressive pulse at K‐T time. Deep‐water production was curtailed, minimizing the vertical advection of nutrients and oxygen in the oceans. Consequently, a productivity crisis developed, which could only be survived by cosmopolitan shallow‐dwellers, and the Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ) expanded. No sustained Oceanic Anoxic Event followed the K‐T boundary event, since productivity had dropped to extremely low values. At K‐T time, however, the short‐term expansion of the OMZ, invoked by the combination of minimized oxygen advection and abrupt mass mortality, caused dysoxic conditions even to reach up to the shelves, as can be deduced from sedimentological, chemical and faunistic observations.