bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Nonenteric Escherichia coli isolates from dogs: 674 cases (1990–1998)
Authors: Oluoch Antony O. , Kim Chang-Hyun , Weisiger Rita M. , Koo Hyun-Young , Siegel Arthur M. , Campbell Karen L. , Burke Thomas J. , McKiernan Brendan C. , Kakoma Ibulaimu 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine nonenteric sites associated withEscherichia coliisolates in dogs and the antimicrobial susceptibilities of the isolates.Design—Retrospective study.Sample Population—17,000 canine specimens.Procedure—Medical records of 17,000 canine specimens submitted for bacteriologic culture were examined and the number of isolations ofE coliwas determined. For these cases, records were further examined with respect to body system involvement, sex, concurrent infection with other species of bacteria, and antimicrobial susceptibility.Results—674E coliisolates (424 from urine, 62 from the skin, 52 from the respiratory tract, 45 from the ear, 43 from the female reproductive tract, 25 from the male reproductive tract, and 23 from other organ systems) were identified. There was a significantly higher proportion of isolates from urine specimens from spayed females than from sexually intact females or males.Escherichia coliwas isolated in pure culture from 65.9% of the specimens. MostE coliisolates were susceptible to norfloxacin (90%), enrofloxacin (87.5%), gentamicin (90.7%), and amikacin (85.9%).Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Most nonentericE coliinfections in dogs involve the urinary tract. Amikacin, gentamicin, norfloxacin, and enrofloxacin have the highest efficacy against canineE coliisolates. ForE coliisolates from dogs, in vitro susceptibility to commonly used antimicrobial agents has remained fairly stable during the past decade. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;218:381–384)
Prevalence of Salmonella spp in cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter
Authors: Troutt H. Fred , Galland John C. , Osburn Bennie I. , Brewer Robert L. , Braun R. Kenneth , Schmitz John A. , Sears Phil , Childers Asa B. , Richey Ed , Mather Edward , Gibson Michael , Murthy Kris , Hogue Alan 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine the prevalence ofSalmonellaspp in the cecal-colon contents of cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter because of potential public health ramifications.Design—Survey study.Sample Population—Cecal-colon contents collected from 5,087 cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter at 5 slaughter establishments across the United States.Procedure—During 2 periods of the year, winter (January and February) and summer (July through September), 5 cull (market) cow slaughter establishments in the United States—west (WE), southeast (SEE), central (CE), north central (NCE), and south central (SCE)—establishments were visited, and cecalcolon contents of cull dairy cows were obtained at the time of slaughter. Samples were examined by microbiologic culture at a single laboratory forSalmonellaspp.Results—Salmonellaspp were detected in 23.1% of cecal-colon content samples from cull dairy cows across the 5 slaughter establishments. The highest site prevalence (54.5%) was detected at the WE during the summer period, whereas the lowest was found at the CE during the summer (4.3%) and at the NCE during the winter (4.5%). Considerable variation in the daily prevalence ofSalmonellaspp was found, particularly at the WE and the SCE.Salmonellaspp were isolated from 93% of cecal-colon contents collected on a summer day at the WE.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results strongly suggest that there is a high prevalence ofSalmonellaspp in cull dairy cows at slaughter, which could burden Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point programs implemented in slaughter establishments. Procedures to reduceSalmonellaload at the dairy farm and during transport to slaughter could reduce the risk of spread during the slaughter process. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2001;219:1212–1215)
Diversity of Salmonella serotypes in cull (market) dairy cows at slaughter
Authors: Galland John C. , Troutt H. Fred , Brewer Robert L. , Osburn Bennie I. , Braun R. Kenneth , Sears Phil , Schmitz John A. , Childers Asa B. , Richey Ed , Murthy Kris , Mather Edward , Gibson Michael 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Objective—To determine the diversity of Salmonella
serotypes isolated from a large population of cull
(market) dairy cows at slaughter.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Sample Population—Salmonella organisms isolated
from the cecal-colon contents of 5,087 market dairy
cows.

Procedure—During winter and summer 1996, cecalcolon
contents of cull dairy cows at slaughter were
obtained from 5 US slaughter establishments.
Specimens were subjected to microbiologic culturing
for Salmonella spp at 1 laboratory. Identified isolates
were compared with Salmonella isolation lists published
by the Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (CDC) and the National Veterinary Services
Laboratory (NVSL) for approximately the same period.
The Simpson diversity index was used to calculate
the likelihood that Salmonella isolates selected randomly
by establishment were different.

Results—Of 58 Salmonella serotypes identified,
Salmonella ser. Montevideo was the most prevalent. Two
of the top 10 CDC serotypes identified from humans in
1996, Salmonella ser. Typhimurium and S Montevideo,
appeared on our top 10 list; 8 of the top 10 were found
on NVSL listings. Thirty-one of 59 S Typhimurium isolates
were identified as DT104 and found at a west slaughter
establishment, 30 during the winter and 1 during the
summer. The greatest diversity of serotypes was at a
southeast establishment during the summer; the least
diversity was at a central establishment in the winter.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—58 Salmonella
serotypes were isolated from market dairy cows at
slaughter and could pose a threat for food-borne illness.
Salmonella Montevideo was the most frequently
isolated serotype and may contribute substantially
to salmonellosis in dairy cattle. (J Am Vet
Med Assoc 2001;219:1216–1220)
Subclinical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency in dogs
Authors: Wiberg Maria E. , Westermarck Elias 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To study progression of autoimmunemediated atrophic lymphocytic pancreatitis from the subclinical to the clinical phase (exocrine pancreatic insufficiency [EPI]) and determine whether progression of the disease could be halted by treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.Design—Randomized controlled trial.Animals—20 dogs with subclinical EPI.Procedure—Diagnosis of subclinical EPI was determined on the basis of repeatedly low serum trypsin like-immunoreactivity (TLI) in dogs with no signs of EPI. Laparotomy was performed on 12 dogs with partial acinar atrophy and atrophic lymphocytic pancreatitis. A treatment group (7 dogs) received an immunosuppressive drug (azathioprine) for 9 to 18 months, and a nontreatment group (13) received no medication.Results—During the subclinical phase, serum TLI was repeatedly low (< 5.0 µg/L). Although a few dogs had nonspecific gastrointestinal tract signs, they did not need diet supplementation with enzymes. While receiving immunosuppressive medication, treated dogs had no clinical signs of EPI, but within 2 to 6 months after treatment was stopped, 2 dogs had signs of EPI, and diet supplementation with enzymes was started. Five of the 13 untreated dogs needed diet supplementation with enzymes within 6 to 46 months. During follow-up of 1 to 6 years, 3 of the 7 treated dogs and 8 of the 13 untreated dogs did not need continuous diet supplementation with enzymes.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Progression of atrophic lymphocytic pancreatitis varied widely. The subclinical phase may last for years and sometimes for life. The value of early treatment with an immunosuppressive drug was questionable and, because of the slow natural progression of the disease, cannot be recommended. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2002;220:1183–1187)
Aortic ejection velocity in healthy Boxers with soft cardiac murmurs and Boxers without cardiac murmurs: 201 cases (1997–2001)
Authors: Koplitz Shianne L. , Meurs Kathryn M. , Spier Alan W. , Bonagura John D. , Fuentes Virginia Luis , Wright Nicola A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To determine aortic ejection velocity in healthy adult Boxers with soft ejection murmurs without overt structural evidence of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and in healthy Boxers without cardiac murmurs.Design—Retrospective study.Animals—201 Boxers.Procedure—Dogs were examined independently by 2 individuals for evidence of a cardiac murmur, and a murmur grade was assigned. Maximal instantaneous (peak) aortic ejection velocity was measured by means of continuous-wave Doppler echocardiography from a subcostal location. Forty-eight dogs were reexamined approximately 1 year later.Results—A soft (grade 1, 2, or 3) left-basilar ejection murmur was detected in 113 (56%) dogs. Overall median aortic ejection velocity was 1.91 m/s (range, 1.31 to 4.02 m/s). Dogs with murmurs had significantly higher aortic ejection velocities than did those without murmurs (median, 2.11 and 1.72 m/s, respectively). Auscultation of a murmur was 87% sensitive and 66% specific for the identification of aortic ejection velocity > 2.0 m/s. An ejection murmur and aortic ejection velocity > 2.0 m/s were identified in 73 (36%) dogs. For most dogs, observed changes in murmur grade and aortic ejection velocity during a follow-up examination 1 year later were not clinically important.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results suggested that ejection murmurs were common among healthy adult Boxers and that Boxers with murmurs were likely to have high (> 2.0 m/s) aortic ejection velocities. The cause of the murmurs in these dogs is unknown. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2003;222:770–774)
Assessment of the prevalence of heart murmurs in overtly healthy cats
Authors: Côté Etienne , Manning Ann Marie , Emerson Dawn , Laste Nancy J. , Malakoff Rebecca L. , Harpster Neil K. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractObjective—To assess the frequency of heart murmurs in overtly healthy cats.Design—Prospective study.Sample Population—103 healthy domestic cats.Procedure—Background information and physical characteristics were assessed in cats that were candidates for blood donation during an 8-month period. For cats with heart murmurs, additional information collected included murmur timing, grade, point of maximal intensity, and presence of additional heart sounds.Results—Heart murmurs were detected in 22 of the 103 (21%) cats. Echocardiography was performed in 7 of those 22 cats. The echocardiogram was considered normal in 1 cat; in the other 6 cats, diagnoses included hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (interventricular septal hypertrophic form [IVSH]; n = 4), left ventricular concentric hypertrophy with valvular disease (1), and equivocal IVSH (1). Thirteen cats had more than 1 examination during the study; 3 of them developed heart murmurs. There were no significant differences in age, sex, breed, coat color, eye color, or heart rate between cats with and without murmurs. Among the 103 cats, there were 6 pairs of siblings from 6 multiple- cat households and 16 cats from 7 multiple-cat households in which the cats were not related; the proportion of cats with murmurs was higher in the related cats (5/12) than in the unrelated cats (3/16), but the difference was not significant.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results indicated that heart murmurs are detectable in a large proportion of overtly healthy cats and that many murmurs appear to be caused by structural heart disease that is in a clinically latent state. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2004;225:384–388)
Transition‐Metal Complexes of Boron—New Insights and Novel Coordination Modes
Authors: Braunschweig Holger , Kollann Carsten , Rais Daniela 
Published: July 2006

AbstractSince the publication of the last review in 1998, the transition‐metal chemistry of boron has continued to raise unceasing interest. Boryl complexes, representing the most extensive subclass, have remained a focus of intense research, particularly for their implication in the metal‐mediated functionalization of organic substrates. Absolute novelties such as borane complexes and terminal borylene complexes have been structurally authenticated. Upon further elaboration of these compounds, the known coordination modes of boron‐based ligands have grown considerably. Combined structural and theoretical investigations have contributed to elucidate the fundamental electronic characteristics of the transition‐metal–boron bond and are leading to applications of these compounds. The most useful synthetic strategies for the generation of transition‐metal–boron bonds are highlighted here, and the most recent and intriguing compounds that have been reported are outlined and discussed.
Long‐term orbital period behaviors of the neglected Algol type binaries: CC Herculis and XZ Aquilae
Authors: Soydugan F. , Soydugan E. , İbanoğlu C. , Demircan O. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractOrbital period variations of two neglected Algol type binaries, CC Her and XZ Aql, are studied based on all available times of minima. In the case of CC Her, it is found that the O –C curve displays a tilted sinusoidal variation with an eccentricity of 0.54 ± 0.03 and a period of 52.4 ± 0.4 yr, which can be explained by the light‐time effect due to the presence of an unseen component. The course of the orbital period change in XZ Aql appears less reliable but its O –C curve can be represented by a periodic variation with a period of 36.7 ± 0.6 yr superimposed on an upward parabola. The parabolic variation indicates a secular period increase with a rate of dP /dt = 7.1 s per century. The corresponding conservative mass transfer from less massive component to the more massive one is about 3.26 × 10–7 M⊙ yr–1. It is interesting to see that the O –C variation of CC Her displays no evidence (as upward parabola) on the mass transfer characteristic for Algols. The periodic change of the orbital period of XZ Aql, like CC Her, may be caused by the presence of the thirdbody. The lower limits of the masses of the hypothetical unseen components for CC Her and XZ Aql are found to be 2.69 M⊙ and 0.47 M⊙, respectively. The third body of CC Her should be detectable not only spectroscopically but also photoelectrically, if it exists. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Intracardiac echocardiography to guide closure of atrial septal defects in children less than 15 kilograms
Authors: Patel Angira , Cao Qi‐Ling , Koenig Peter R. , Hijazi Ziyad M. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackground: Intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) is increasingly replacing transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) as the primary imaging technique to guide device closure of atrial septal defects (ASD). Owing to the length of the procedure, the use of TEE requires general anesthesia. Investigators have reported the usefulness of ICE in adults and children. However, little is known about the use of ICE in children whose weight is <15 kg. Therefore, this study examines the use of ICE guided secundum ASD closure in children <15 kg. Methods: Nineteen patients with a median age of 3.1 years (range 1.8–4.8), and median weight of 13.2 kg (range 8.0–14.4) underwent transcatheter occlusion (Amplatzer occluder) of a secundum ASD using ICE guidance. ICE was performed using an Acunav® catheter. The ICE catheter (10 F shaft) was introduced into an 11 F sheath in a contralateral femoral vein. Diagnostic as well as periprocedure imaging was obtained. Results: Sixteen patients had single, and three had multiple defects. Median defect size as measured by ICE was 16 mm (range 2.5–25). The median balloon stretched diameter (obtained in eight patients) was 18 mm (range 10–21); the median size of the defect for these eight patients was 15 mm (range of 8–20). Both techniques for measuring the defect correlated well with r = 0.94. The ASD occluder size ranged from 7 to 26 mm with a median of 18 mm. The procedure was successful in 16 patients who had a device implanted and no residual shunt. ASD occlusion was not attempted in two patients due to deficient rims and in one patient, the attempt failed due to left atrial disk prolapse through the ASD. Four patients experienced transient complications during the catheter procedure, including supra ventricular tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, and two with complete heart block (resolving with device removal); all had subsequent successful device placement. No complications were attributed to the use of ICE and specifically, no vascular injury was noted. Conclusions: Comparable to results with larger patients, ICE provides adequate imaging (preprocedure diagnosis and periprocedure guidance) during device occlusion of secundum ASDs with no significant complications. Thus, ICE can successfully be used in the closure of ASD in smaller patients (<15 kg) and eliminate the need for endotracheal intubation. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Somatic loss of wild type NF1 allele in neurofibromas: Comparison of NF1 microdeletion and non‐microdeletion patients
Authors: De Raedt Thomas , Maertens Ophélia , Chmara Magdalena , Brems Hilde , Heyns Ine , Sciot Raf , Majounie Elisa , Upadhyaya Meena , De Schepper Sofie , Speleman Frank , Messiaen Ludwine , Vermeesch Joris Robert , Legius Eric 
Published: July 2006

AbstractNeurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant familial tumor syndrome characterized by the presence of multiple benign neurofibromas. In 95% of NF1 individuals, a mutation is found in the NF1 gene, and in 5% of the patients, the germline mutation consists of a microdeletion that includes the NF1 gene and several flanking genes. We studied the frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the NF1 region as a mechanism of somatic NF1 inactivation in neurofibromas from NF1 patients with and without a microdeletion. There was a statistically significant difference between these two patient groups in the proportion of neurofibromas with LOH. None of the 40 neurofibromas from six different NF1 microdeletion patients showed LOH, whereas LOH was observed in 6/28 neurofibromas from five patients with an intragenic NF1 mutation (P = 0.0034, Fisher's exact). LOH of the NF1 microdeletion region in NF1 microdeletion patients would de facto lead to a nullizygous state of the genes located in the deletion region and might be lethal. The mechanisms leading to LOH were further analyzed in six neurofibromas. In two out of six neurofibromas, a chromosomal microdeletion was found; in three, a mitotic recombination was responsible for the observed LOH; and in one, a chromosome loss with reduplication was present. These data show an important difference in the mechanisms of second hit formation in the 2 NF1 patient groups. We conclude that NF1 is a familial tumor syndrome in which the type of germline mutation influences the type of second hit in the tumors. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Venom apparatus of the endoparasitoid wasp Opius caricivorae Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): Morphology and ultrastructure
Authors: Wan Zhi‐Wei , Wang Hai‐Yan , Chen Xue‐Xin 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe morphology and ultrastructure of the venom apparatus of the endoparasitoid wasp, Opius caricivorae Fischer (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), were observed using light and electron microscopes. The venom apparatus consists of one venom reservoir and several gland filaments. The gland filaments join together at the end of the reservoir and consist of an outer single layer of secretory cells, a layer of degenerated epidermal cells, and an inner intima that encloses the lumen. The secretory cells are organelle rich, with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and vacuole, in which vesicular organelles secrete the components of venom. The reservoir consists of a muscular sheath, secretory cells, and squamous cells. The intima has an unevenly thickened chitinous coat. The vesicular organelles of the reservoir secretory cells differ from those of the gland filament: the microvilli being much longer and radiating in all directions. The venom reservoir not only serves to store but also secretes the venom. Virus‐like particles were discovered in the secretory cells of the gland filaments. The structural features of venom apparatus of this species are discussed in a biological context. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Impact of bilateral pallidal stimulation on DYT1‐generalized dystonia in Japanese patients
Authors: Goto Satoshi , Yamada Kazumichi , Shimazu Hideki , Murase Nagako , Matsuzaki Kazuhito , Tamura Tetsuya , Nagahiro Shinji , Kuratsu Jun‐Ichi , Kaji Ryuji 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEarly‐onset generalized dystonia attributable to a DYT1 gene mutation is a hyperkinetic movement disorder that responds poorly to pharmacotherapy. In this video brief, we show that continuous bilateral stimulation of the globus pallidus internus produced sustained and marked improvements in the motor symptoms and functional disabilities of Japanese patients with DYT1‐generalized dystonia. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Effects of levodopa and subthalamic nucleus stimulation on cognitive and affective functioning in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Funkiewiez Aurélie , Ardouin Claire , Cools Roshan , Krack Paul , Fraix Valérie , Batir Alina , Chabardès Stephan , Benabid Alim‐Louis , Robbins Trevor W. , Pollak Pierre 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn Parkinson's disease (PD), levodopa and subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation lead to major improvement in motor symptoms. Effects of both treatments on cognition and affective status are less well understood. Motor, cognitive, and affective symptoms may relate to the dysfunctioning of parallel cortico–striatal loops. The aim of this study was to assess cognition, behavior, and mood, with and without both treatments in the same group of PD patients. A group of 22 nondemented PD patients was included in this study. Patients were tested twice before surgery (off and on levodopa) and twice 3 months after surgery (OFF and ON STN stimulation, off levodopa). Cognitive and affective effects of STN stimulation and levodopa had some common, but also different, effects. STN stimulation improved performance on the planning test, associated with the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. However, the treatments had opposite effects on tests associated with the orbitofrontal cortex; specifically, levodopa impaired while STN stimulation improved performance on the extinction phase of a reversal/extinction task. Acutely, both treatments improved motivation and decreased fatigue and anxiety. On chronic treatment (3 months after surgery), depression improved, whereas apathy worsened 3 months after surgery. To conclude, there were significant but contrasting effects of levodopa and STN stimulation on cognition and affective functions. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society
Fulminant Lewy body disease
Authors: Momjian‐Mayor Isabelle , Pizzolato Gian Paolo , Burkhardt Karim , Landis Theodor , Coeytaux Alessandra , Burkhard Pierre R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe clinical distinction between Parkinson's disease (PD) with dementia (PDD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is challenged by most neuropathological studies showing nearly identical changes in both conditions. We report an unusual case of PD evolving into a rapidly progressive dementia leading to death within 3 months that showed nearly all clinical features of DLB. At autopsy, numerous Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites were found in several areas of the brainstem, the limbic system, and the neocortex, consistent with pure DLB. This case demonstrates that Lewy body disease may exhibit a dramatic course without any coexisting pathology and exemplifies that PD, PDD, and DLB may sometimes represent sequential, yet overlapping, phenotypes of a same clinicopathological entity. © 2006 Movement Disorder Society