bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Pandemic fatigue, behavioral intention and predictors of COVID-19 vaccination among individuals living with HIV in Bench Sheko Zone, in Southern Ethiopia, application of TBP: a facility based cross sectional study
Authors: Alie Melsew Setegn , Abebe Gossa Fetene , Negesse Yilkal , Girma Desalegn , Adugna Amanuel 
Published: February 2024

IntroductionPeople living with HIV often face inequalities and negative outcomes, which make them vulnerable. To protect this population and achieve herd immunity, it is crucial for COVID-19 vaccination efforts to prioritize and encourage vaccination among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, in Ethiopia, there is a lack of motivation in this regard. To tackle this issue, a study was conducted in the Bench Sheko Zone of Southwest Ethiopia. The study aimed to assess pandemic fatigue, behavioral intention to get vaccinated, and factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among PLWH in that region.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals living with HIV who were over 18 years old in Bench-Sheko Zone, located in Southwest Ethiopia. The study included a total of 590 participants from four ART healthcare facilities within the zone. The researchers utilized the Theory of Planned Behavior to examine the predictors of intention to use preconception care. Multiple linear regression analysis was employed to determine these predictors, with a p-value of less than 0.05 considered as indicative of a significant association. The final analysis of the study involved the use of linear regression analysis, and the measure of association was presented as the standardized B coefficient following a multivariable logistic regression analysis.ResultIn the conducted study, the response rate was an impressive 98%. The researchers aimed to investigate the behavioral intention toward the COVID-19 vaccine, which was found to be 55.7%. The average age of the participants in the study was 34.65 ± 6.67. The study was the assessment of pandemic fatigue, which had a mean value of 17.22 ± 5.28. During the multivariate linear regression analysis, four predictor variables were identified. Among these, three variables, namely subjective norm, pandemic fatigue, and age, positively influenced the behavioral intention toward the COVID-19 vaccine. Comprehending these factors can assist healthcare professionals and policymakers in formulating precise interventions and strategies aimed at enhancing the acceptance and adoption of vaccines.ConclusionThe study indicates that individuals living with HIV have shown lower vaccine intention compared to previous research. The study identifies subjective norm, pandemic control measures, income, and age as predictors of individuals’ intention to receive the COVID-19 vaccine.
The influence of pharmacist-led collaborative care on clinical outcomes in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a multicenter randomized control trial
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Zahid , Alqahtani Saad Saeed , Mubarak Naeem , Shahid Sara , Mohammed Rafiuddin , Mustafa Abid , Khan Amer Hayat , Iqbal Muhammad Shahid 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundHealth care providers are mandated to deliver specialized care for the treatment and control of type 2 diabetes mellitus. In Malaysia, Diabetes Medication Therapy Adherence Clinics (DMTAC) in tertiary hospitals have designated pharmacists to administer these services.ObjectiveTo assess the effects of pharmacist-led interventions within DMTAC on the outcomes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in two distinct hospitals in Kedah, Malaysia.MethodsPatients with type 2 diabetes were randomly selected from the two hospitals included in this study. The study population was divided into two equal groups. The control group consisted of 200 patients receiving routine care from the hospitals. On the other hand, the intervention group included those patients with type 2 diabetes (200), who received separate counseling sessions from pharmacists in the DMTAC departments along with the usual treatment. The study lasted 1 year, during which both study groups participated in two distinct visits.ResultsParametric data were analyzed by a paired t-test and one-way ANOVA, while non-parametric data were analyzed by a Chi-squared test using SPSS v24. A p &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The study presented the results of a greater reduction in HBA1c levels in the intervention group compared to the control group, i.e., 3.59 and 2.17% (p &lt; 0.001). Moreover, the Systolic and Diastolic values of BP were also significantly reduced in the intervention group, i.e., 9.29 mmHg/7.58 mmHg (p &lt; 0.005). Furthermore, cholesterol levels were significantly improved in patients in the intervention group, i.e., 0.87 mmol/L (p &lt; 0.001).ConclusionBased on the findings of the current study it has been proven that the involvement of pharmacists leads to improved control of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, it is recommended that the government initiate DMTAC services in both private and government hospitals and clinics throughout Malaysia. Furthermore, future studies should assess the impact of pharmacist interventions on other chronic conditions, including but not limited to asthma, arthritis, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, and dementia.
Salient beliefs related to secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits within social networks
Authors: Bien-Gund Cedric H. , Sarbaugh Molly , Perrine Lily , Dugosh Karen , Gross Robert , Fishman Jessica 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundWidespread access to testing is critical to public health efforts to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits, where an individual distributes test kits to others in their social networks, is a potential strategy to improve access to testing. In this qualitative study, we identified salient beliefs about distributing and accepting COVID-19 self-test kits within one’s social network, as well as ordering COVID-19 self-test kits from the government.MethodsWe recruited 61 participants from a randomized controlled trial (NCT04797858) in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to elicit beliefs about (1) distributing COVID-19 self-test kits within one’s social network, (2) receiving test kits from social contacts, and (3) ordering self-test kits from the government. Using validated, open-ended question stems, we identified the most common set of beliefs underlying attitudes, perceived norms (or social referents), and perceived behavioral control (or self-efficacy) toward each of these behaviors.ResultsTwenty-seven out of 30 (90%) of participants who received self-test kits reported distributing the kits to social contacts. These participants described altruistic beliefs about giving others access to testing, and felt approval from family members, friends, and others in their social networks. When receiving test kits from social network contacts, participants described advantages of test kit convenience, but some voiced concern about test kit tampering and confusing instructions. Participants also described perceived logistic barriers to distributing and receiving self-test kits, such as delivering or transporting test kits, or finding time to meet. Participants who ordered test kits from the government also described increased convenience of test access, but described different logistic barriers such as delays in test kit delivery, or not receiving test kits at all.ConclusionIn comparison with government-ordered test kits, the secondary distribution of COVID-19 self-test kits raised unique concerns about test kit quality and instructions, as well as distinctive logistic barriers related to distributing self-test kits to network contacts, which were not raised for test kits ordered from the government. This study demonstrates that beliefs may vary depending on the type of testing behavior, and behavioral interventions may benefit from developing messages tailored to specific testing strategies.
The impact of HIV self-testing on risk behaviors among men who have sex with men: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Su Rong , Liu Yi , Li Peilong , Ge Lin , Liao Meizhen , Fu Yong , Song Xin , Shan Duo , Tang Houlin , Li Dongmin 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundMen who have sex with men (MSM) have a high prevalence of HIV and a low rate of HIV testing in China. HIV self-testing (HIVST) presents a viable strategy for expanding HIV testing among MSM. However, the impact of HIVST on risk behaviors among MSM remains controversial. Our study sought to ascertain this impact.MethodsFrom April 2021 to January 2022, a mixed-methods study was conducted in Qingdao City, employing both quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The quantitative component entailed a cohort study among MSM who had used HIVST. Generalized estimating equations fitting Poisson regressions were used to analyze the changes in risk behaviors of MSM in short time after HIVST (ST-HIVST) and longer time after HIVST (LT-HIVST) compared to before HIVST. Subsequently, we conducted in-depth interviews with 18 MSM who completed the follow-up to delve deeper into the impact of HIVST on MSM.ResultsA total of 410 MSM were recruited in the cohort, of whom 83 were lost to follow-up. Compared to before HIVST, there were no significant changes in risk behaviors in ST-HIVST (p &gt; 0.05), while the proportion of recreational drugs abuse (20.7% vs. 33.3%), commercial sex (14.6% vs. 22.9%), and unprotected anal sex (95.9% vs. 98.5%) increased significantly in LT-HIVST (p &lt; 0.05). Specific changes varied across demographic characteristics. According to qualitative interviews, MSM might have decreased risk perception and increased risk behaviors after HIVST.ConclusionThe use of HIVST may promote MSM to engage in risk behaviors. In the future, customized HIVST promotion programs need to be developed to expand HIV testing among MSM and simultaneously control their risk behaviors.
Examining pharmacoepidemiology of antibiotic use and resistance in first-line antibiotics: a self-controlled case series study of Escherichia coli in small companion animals
Authors: Chan Olivia S. K. , Lam Wendy Wing Tak , Naing Tint , Cheong Dorothy Yuen Ting , Lee Elaine , Cowling Ben , Low Matthew 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundClinicians need to prescribe antibiotics in a way that adequately treats infections, while simultaneously limiting the development of antibiotic resistance (ABR). Although there are abundant guidelines on how to best treat infections, there is less understanding of how treatment durations and antibiotic types influence the development of ABR. This study adopts a self-controlled case study (SCCS) method to relate antibiotic exposure time to subsequent changes in resistance patterns. This SCCS approach uses antibiotic exposure as a risk factor, and the development of ABR as an incidence rate ratio (IRR), which can be considered as the multiplicative change in risk for bacteria to become or maintain resistance.AimTo investigate the IRR of extensive (more than 7 antibiotic classes), revert, persistent, and directed antibiotic resistance according to the duration and type of antibiotic exposures in Escherichia coli (E. coli).Methods and materialWe use anonymized veterinary clinical data from dog and cat patients older than 6 months between 2015 and 2020. Patients were considered suitable cases if they received antibiotics and had a minimum of two urinary antibiograms within a 12-month period (the first prior to antibiotics exposure and the second from 1 week to 6 months after exposure). The first antibiogram is conducted before antibiotic exposure (case n=20).FindingsFrom 20 individuals and 42 paired antibiograms we found that the IRR = 2 for extensive drug resistance in patients who received short-course antibiotic treatment compared to longer treatments. In contrast, multi-drug resistance IRR = 2.6 for long-course compared to short-course antibiotic treatment. The ratio of E. coli isolates that reverted from resistant to sensitive was 5.4 times more likely in patients who received antibiotics for longer than 10 days.
Utility of multimodal longitudinal imaging data for dynamic prediction of cardiovascular and renal disease: the CARDIA study
Authors: Nguyen Hieu , Vasconcellos Henrique D. , Keck Kimberley , Carr Jeffrey , Launer Lenore J. , Guallar Eliseo , Lima João A. C. , Ambale-Venkatesh Bharath 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundMedical examinations contain repeatedly measured data from multiple visits, including imaging variables collected from different modalities. However, the utility of such data for the prediction of time-to-event is unknown, and only a fraction of the data is typically used for risk prediction. We hypothesized that multimodal longitudinal imaging data could improve dynamic disease prognosis of cardiovascular and renal disease (CVRD).MethodsIn a multi-centered cohort of 5,114 CARDIA participants, we included 166 longitudinal imaging variables from five imaging modalities: Echocardiography (Echo), Cardiac and Abdominal Computed Tomography (CT), Dual-Energy x-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA), Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) collected from young adulthood to mid-life over 30 years (1985–2016) to perform dynamic survival analysis of CVRD events using machine learning dynamic survival analysis (Dynamic-DeepHit, LTRCforest, and Extended Cox for Time-varying Covariates). Risk probabilities were continuously updated as new data were collected. Model performance was assessed using integrated AUC and C-index and compared to traditional risk factors.ResultsLongitudinal imaging data, even when being irregularly collected with high missing rates, improved CVRD dynamic prediction (0.03 in integrated AUC, up to 0.05 in C-index compared to traditional risk factors; best model's C-index = 0.80–0.83 up to 20 years from baseline) from young adulthood followed up to midlife. Among imaging variables, Echo and CT variables contributed significantly to improved risk estimation. Echo measured in early adulthood predicted midlife CVRD risks almost as well as Echo measured 10–15 years later (0.01 C-index difference). The most recent CT exam provided the most accurate prediction for short-term risk estimation. Brain MRI markers provided additional information from cardiac Echo and CT variables that led to a slightly improved prediction.ConclusionsLongitudinal multimodal imaging data readily collected from follow-up exams can improve CVRD dynamic prediction. Echocardiography measured early can provide a good long-term risk estimation, while CT/calcium scoring variables carry atherosclerotic signatures that benefit more immediate risk assessment starting in middle-age.
Case Report: A rare case of intramedullary spinal cord abscess with brain abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae underwent surgical intervention
Authors: Zhang Wenjuan , Guo Xiangyu , Xu Xuejun , Deng Bing 
Published: February 2024

BackgroundIntramedullary Spinal Cord Abscess (ISCA) is an uncommon infectious disease of the central nervous system. Since its first report in 1830, there have been very few documented cases associated with it. Here, we present a case of ISCA with cerebral abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae.Case presentationA 55-year-old male patient presented with head and neck pain, fever, and left limb weakness for 5 days. The diagnosis of ISCA with brain abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae was confirmed through sputum culture, cerebrospinal fluid gene test, pus culture, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as well as computerized tomography (CT) scan. The patient had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis and old tuberculous foci were observed in the lung. Initially considering tuberculosis as the cause due to unclear etiology at that time, anti-tuberculosis treatment was administered. However, due to rapid deterioration in the patient's condition and severe neurological dysfunction within a short period of time after admission, surgical intervention including incision and drainage for intramedullary abscess along with removal of brain abscess was performed. Subsequent postoperative follow-up showed improvement in both symptoms and imaging findings.ConclusionEarly diagnosis of central nervous system (CNS) abscess coupled with prompt surgical intervention and administration of appropriate antibiotics are crucial factors in preventing disease progression and reducing mortality rates.
Clinical Impact and Risk Factors of Seizure After Liver Transplantation: A Nested Case-Control Study
Authors: Kang Minyu , Koh Hwa-Hee , Kim Deok-Gie , Yim Seung Hyuk , Choi Mun Chae , Min Eun-Ki , Lee Jae Geun , Kim Myoung Soo , Joo Dong Jin 
Published: February 2024

Seizures are a frequent neurological consequence following liver transplantation (LT), however, research on their clinical impact and risk factors is lacking. Using a nested case-control design, patients diagnosed with seizures (seizure group) within 1-year post-transplantation were matched to controls who had not experienced seizures until the corresponding time points at a 1:5 ratio to perform survival and risk factor analyses. Seizures developed in 61 of 1,243 patients (4.9%) at median of 11 days after LT. Five-year graft survival was significantly lower in the seizure group than in the controls (50.6% vs. 78.2%, respectively, p &lt; 0.001) and seizure was a significant risk factor for graft loss after adjusting for variables (HR 2.04, 95% CI 1.24–3.33). In multivariable logistic regression, body mass index &lt;23 kg/m2, donor age ≥45 years, intraoperative continuous renal replacement therapy and delta sodium level ≥4 mmol/L emerged as independent risk factors for post-LT seizure. Delta sodium level ≥4 mmol/L was associated with seizures, regardless of the severity of preoperative hyponatremia. Identifying and controlling those risk factors are required to prevent post-LT seizures which could result in worse graft outcome.
Time-Course Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Insights into the Inflorescence and Flower Development of Cardiocrinum giganteum
Authors: Wei Yu , Li Aihua , Zhao Yiran , Li Wenqi , Dong Zhiyang , Zhang Lei , Zhu Yuntao , Zhang Hui , Gao Yike , Zhang Qixiang 
Published: February 2024

Cardiocrinum giganteum is an endemic species of east Asia which is famous for its showy inflorescence and medicinal bulbs. Its inflorescence is a determinate raceme and the flowers bloom synchronously. Morphological observation and time-course transcriptomic analysis were combined to study the process of inflorescence and flower development of C. giganteum. The results show that the autonomic pathway, GA pathway, and the vernalization pathway are involved in the flower formation pathway of C. giganteum. A varied ABCDE flowering model was deduced from the main development process. Moreover, it was found that the flowers in different parts of the raceme in C. giganteum gradually synchronized during development, which is highly important for both evolution and ecology. The results obtained in this work improve our understanding of the process and mechanism of inflorescence and flower development and could be useful for the flowering period regulation and breeding of C. giganteum.
PECULIARITIES OF THE RELATIONSHIPS OF FAMILY UPBRINGING STYLES AND PARENTAL ATTITUDES WITH CHILDREN’S FEAR AND ANXIETY
Authors: Blikhar V. 
Published: February 2024

The article presents the results of a study comparing family upbringing strategies with parents’ attitudes towards children, comparing the parenting styles of fathers and mothers, comparing groups of children with different levels of parental control during Russia’s large-scale war in Ukraine. It is noted that during Russia’s large-scale war in Ukraine, the focus of scientific research has been somewhat shifted to vectors related to the peculiarities of experiencing traumatic events by different segments of the population. However, the focus of our research is on changes in the family system in times of adversity. The purpose of our study was to identify the peculiarities of the relationship between family upbringing styles and parental attitudes and the fears and anxiety of primary school children during the war.
Comparison of the groups of mothers and fathers under study made it possible to see differences in family upbringing strategies. It was found that a higher level of fear and anxiety is observed in children whose parents have a high level of parental control. It has been found that an increase in the level of control and the degree of parental demands that characterize authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles contribute to the growth of child anxiety.
Based on the study, the following conclusions were made: the overall childhood anxiety of primary school students is inversely related to the family upbringing strategy, so the increase in the level of control and the degree of parental demands (which subjectively increase during the war), which characterize the authoritarian and authoritative styles of upbringing, contribute to the growth of childhood anxiety.
Comparing groups of children with different levels of control revealed differences in the level of fear and anxiety. Given that the parents studied showed oppositely high rates of authoritarian, authoritative (mothers) and indifferent (fathers) parenting styles, it is argued that the difference in parenting styles is one of the leading psychological factors of anxiety in primary school children during war.
This was also confirmed by the results of factor analysis, which revealed one factor – control and negative attitude to the child’s failures (high demands), and another factor – cooperation and emotional acceptance as a prevention of anxiety.
TOPICAL ISSUES OF SELECTIVE MUTISM DIAGNOSING UNDER MARTIAL LAW
Authors: Nemeriuk Y. 
Published: February 2024

The article presents data on the impact of military events in Ukraine on the psychological state of children. It is noted that traumatic situations provoke the emergence of various psychological and anxiety disorders in children, including selective mutism.
The article outlines the problematic issues of the state of research on the phenomenon of selective mutism and presents the results of the analysis of scientific publications on the essence and symptoms of selective mutism as well as tools for its diagnosing. In order to establish an accurate diagnosis, the author substantiates the need for a multi-level diagnosing and the use of various sources of information. The complex issues of diagnosing selective mutism are considered. It is emphasized that different social situations in children with selective mutism may not provoke the same patterns of non-speech behavior. It is emphasized that diagnosing procedure is also a social situation that can cause silence in a child with selective mutism. The significant role of parents and teachers as informants about a child’s speech behavior is emphasized and the need for their involvement in the process of diagnosing a child is emphasized. The importance of conducting educational activities aimed at informing parents and teachers about the nature of this disorder, its diagnostic and treatment options is emphasized.
It is noted that selective mutism has a significant impact on the emotional, cognitive and behavioral aspects of a child’s life, negatively affects his/her academic performance, interferes with his/her socialization, and is often accompanied by comorbidities. The importance of early diagnosis of the disorder is emphasized.
The diagnostic tools for selective mutism are outlined, and the importance of translating these tools into the native language of children, in particular Ukrainian, is noted. The article substantiates the necessity of using validated as well as scientifically and metrically verified tools for diagnosing selective mutism as a prerequisite for obtaining reliable diagnostic results, which is extremely important for further treatment. The importance of testing the psychometric properties of diagnostic tools on a Ukrainian sample of children is emphasized, and directions for future research are identified.