bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Comparison between the BACTEC 9240 and the Pall eBDS system for detection of bacterial platelet concentrate contamination
Authors: Savini Vincenzo , Balbinot Andrea , Giancola Raffaella , Quaglietta Annamaria , Accorsi Patrizia , D'Antonio Domenico , Iacone Antonio 
Published: March 2009

BACKGROUND: Only two commercially available automated systems have been cleared by the FDA for screening of bacterial contamination in platelet (PLT) products. These are the Pall eBDS (Pall Corp.), based on measurement of oxygen consumption by contaminant organisms, and the BacT/ALERT (bioMérieux), revealing increasing carbon dioxide concentration due to bacterial growth.STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: The authors compared the performance of the Pall eBDS with the BACTEC 9240 (bioMérieux) in detecting PLT contamination. Serial dilutions of 10 bacterial species frequently associated with PLT contamination were prepared in an apheresis PLT unit per organism. Units were from single donors. After 30 minutes from seeding PLT units, a volume of suspension achieving a final bacterial concentration of 1 to 10 colony‐forming units/mL for each unit was inoculated in two Pall bags and a BACTEC bottle, and the same was done after 24 hours from seeding. Measurements were performed at 24 and 30 hours.RESULTS: Significant differences between the two instruments were only found when screening PLT units after 24 hours from seeding. The Pall system showed a higher sensitivity than BACTEC 9240, because it revealed 97 and 98% of positive samples at 24 and 30 hours of incubation, respectively, whereas the second detected 86 and 90% of contaminated products. Significance was lost after 35‐hour incubation with the BACTEC 9240.CONCLUSIONS: By comparing the two instruments, their performances were found to be comparable; the Pall system appeared as a more suitable method when using 24 to 30 hours as times for readings, but the significant difference was lost after 35‐hour incubation.
Shaping the Architecture of the U.S. Information and Communication Technology Architecture: A Political Economic Analysis1
Authors: Cowhey Peter F. , Aronson Jonathan D. , Richards John 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHow did political economy help shape the revolution in telecommunications and computer networking? We offer three arguments concerning the impact of political economy and policy on the architecture of the U.S. information and communication technology infrastructure. First, it tilted toward an architectural principle of “modularity” that influenced the paths of both the telecom equipment, computer equipment and software, and computer networking markets. Second, it created multiple network infrastructures for telecommunications when other countries either tried to retain a monopoly infrastructure or limit the number of competitors. Third, it propelled a particular architecture for computing (intelligence at the edge of the network) and the full realization of the potential benefits of the Internet. The particular policy mix for competition matters, and this policy mix reflects fundamentals of political economy.
Rhabdomyolysis and brain ischemic stroke in a heroin‐dependent male under methadone maintenance therapy
Authors: Hsu W.‐Y. , Chiu N.‐Y. , Liao Y.‐C. 
Published: March 2009

Objective:  There are several complications associated with heroin abuse, some of which are life‐threatening. Methadone may aggravate this problem.Method:  A clinical case description.Results:  A 33‐year‐old man presented with rhabdomyolysis and cerebral ischemic stroke after intravenous heroin. He had used heroin since age 20, and had used 150 mg methadone daily for 6 months. He was found unconsciousness at home and was sent to our hospital. In the ER, his opiate level was 4497 ng/ml. In the ICU, we found rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure and acute respiratory failure. After transfer to an internal ward, we noted aphasia and weakness of his left limbs. After MRI, we found cerebral ischemic infarction.Conclusion:  Those using methadone and heroin simultaneously may increase risk of rhabdomyolysis and ischemic stroke. Patients under methadone maintenance therapy should be warned regarding these serious adverse events. Hypotheses of heroin‐related rhabdomyolysis and stroke in heroin abusers are discussed.
Bone repair and augmentation using block of sintered bovine‐derived anorganic bone graft in cranial bone defect model
Authors: Cestari Tania Mary , Granjeiro José Mauro , De Assis Gerson Francisco , Garlet Gustavo Pompermaier , Taga Rumio 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective: To histomorphometrically investigate the repair of critical size defects (CSDs) and bone augmentation in cranial walls using block of sintered bovine‐derived anorganic bone (sBDAB) graft.Material and methods: Forty guinea‐pigs were divided into test (n=20) and CSD control (n=20) groups. In each animal, a full‐thickness bone defect with 9.5 mm diameter was made in the frontal bone. The defects were filled with an sBDAB block soaked in blood in the test group and with blood clot in the CSD control group. The skulls were collected at 0 h (n=2) and 30, 90 and 180 days (n=6/group and period) postoperatively. The volume density and total volume of newly formed bone, sBDAB, blood vessels and connective tissue, vertical thickness of removed bone plug, sBDAB block and graft area were evaluated.Results: The vertical thickness of the adapted sBDAB block was 3.8 times higher than that of the removed bone plug and did not show significant difference between periods, filling in average 29.8% of the total graft region. The sBDAB block exhibited complete osseointegration with the borders of the defect at 90 days. At 90 and 180 days, the vertical thickness of the graft was 279% in the average, and the total volume of bone augmentation was, respectively, 78.8% and 148.5% higher compared with the removed bone plug. The defects of the CDS control group showed limited osteogenesis and filling by connective tissue plus tegument.Conclusion: The sBDAB block can be used to promote repair of CSDs and bone augmentation in the craniomaxillofacial region, due to its good osteoconductive and slow resorptive properties.
Differential cytokine expressions affect the severity of peri‐implant disease
Authors: Duarte Poliana Mendes , De Mendonça Adriana Cutrim , Máximo Maria Beatriz Braz , Santos Vanessa Renata , Bastos Marta Ferreira , Nociti Júnior Francisco Humberto 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjective: This study assessed gene expression by quantitative polymerase chain reaction of inflammatory‐ [interleukin (IL)‐12, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐4, and IL‐10] and osteoclastogenesis‐related factors [receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG)] in sites exhibiting different severities of peri‐implant disease.Material and methods: Peri‐implant soft tissue biopsies (n=48) were harvested from healthy implant (HI), mucositis (MC), initial peri‐implantitis (IP) and severe peri‐implantitis (SP) sites.Results: IL‐12 and TNF‐α mRNA levels were higher in SP, followed by IP and MC (P <0.05). IL‐4 was higher in HI, followed by MC, SP and IP (P <0.05). IL‐10 was the lowest in HI, while no differences were detected among the diseased groups (P>0.05). OPG mRNA levels were higher in HI, followed by IP, SP and MC, whereas RANKL was increased as the peri‐implantitis severity increased (P<0.05). The highest OPG/RANKL ratio was observed in HI and the lowest in SP (P<0.01).Conclusion: These findings suggest that expressions of inflammatory‐ and osteoclastogenesis‐related factors may play an important role in the onset and severity of the peri‐implant diseases.
APPLICATION OF DISCRETE MODELING APPROACH TO FLUIDIZED BED YEAST DRYING
Authors: DEBASTE F. , HALLOIN V. 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT Yeast drying is widely used to ease transport and conservation. In this work, baker's yeast drying in fluidized bed is modeled using a pore network model. Classical balanced equations at the reactor scale are coupled with the pore network for the grain, which takes into account diffusion in the gas phase, transport by liquid film in partially saturated region and pressure gradient effects in the liquid phase. The porous structure to be applied in the model is obtained using environmental scanning electron microscopy. Simulations are validated on a thermogravimetric analysis experiment. The model is then applied to fluidized bed drying for which experimental results obtained on a laboratory pilot are available. Finally, the model results are compared to those of a simplified receding front model. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe presented model allows simulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fluidized bed drying. Taking into account transport phenomena in the grain offers the opportunity to predict drying rate without the use of a desorption isotherm. Moreover, the model predicts roughly the critical humidity. Therefore, the model can be used for scale‐up, design and optimization of dryer including the effect of changes in yeast granulation.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT PEKMEZ (FRUIT MOLASSES) TYPES USED AS A NATURAL SUGAR SOURCE ON THE BATTER RHEOLOGY AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CAKES
Authors: AKBULUT MEHMET , BİLGİÇLİ NERMİN 
Published: March 2009

ABSTRACT Five different kinds of fruit pekmez (mulberry, apricot, elecampane, grape and watermelon) were used in cake formulations as a natural sugar source. The rheologic properties of the batters and the physical and sensory properties of the cakes were investigated. Batter viscosity was measured at 15, 18, 21 and 24C using the Brookfield‐type rotational viscometer. The power law model appeared to be suitable for describing the flow behavior of the cake batters containing pekmez as indicated by high r2 values. n and k values ranged from 0.2528 (elecampane) to 0.5930 (mulberry), 124.38 (elecampane) and 13.42 (grape) at 24°C, respectively. However, the consistency index (k) of all samples decreased as temperature increased. The cake batters containing pekmez exhibited a pseudoplastic behavior. The replacement of sugar with pekmez in the cake formulations decreased the cake volumes. Elecampane bush (andız) pekmez gave the most reddish (a) batter color. The others decreased the L value and increased the a value of the batters. The cakes with watermelon were preferred by the panelists in terms of texture, odor, pore structure, wetness and overall acceptability.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSFruit molasses (pekmez) is a very important food in human nutrition because of its high sugar, especially monosaccharides such as glucose and fructose, mineral and organic acid content. Therefore, pekmezes enhance nutritional properties and shelf life, and provide the desired flavor and color in cakes and other baked products. So, they can be used in the formulations of food products like cakes as a sweetener instead of sucrose. However, different food ingredients affect the rheology of food materials. Pekmezes affect the rheologic, physical and sensory properties of cakes and their batter. Rheologic, physical and sensorial properties are valuable information in product development. The rheologic properties of fluid foods are complex and depend on many factors such as the composition, shear rate, duration of shearing, and previous thermal and shear histories. The present study was conducted to determine the rheologic, physical and sensory properties of cakes formulated with different types of fruit pekmez in substitution for sucrose.
Behavior and physiology of mechanoreception: separating signal and noise
Authors: MONTGOMERY John C. , WINDSOR Shane , BASSETT Daniel 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe mechanosensory lateral line is found in all aquatic fish and amphibians. It provides a highly sensitive and versatile hydrodynamic sense that is used in a wide range of behavior. Hydrodynamic stimuli of biological interest originate from both abiotic and biotic sources, and include water currents, turbulence and the water disturbances caused by other animals, such as prey, predators and conspecifics. However, the detection of biologically important stimuli often has to occur against a background of noise generated by water movement, or movement of the fish itself. As such, separating signal and noise is “of the essence” in understanding the behavior and physiology of mechanoreception. Here we discuss general issues of signal and noise in the lateral‐line system and the behavioral and physiological strategies that are used by fish to enhance signal detection in a noisy environment. In order for signal and noise to be separated, they need to differ, and we will consider those differences under the headings of: frequency and temporal pattern; intensity discrimination; spatial separation; and mechanisms for the reduction of self‐generated noise. We systematically cover the issues of signal and noise in lateral‐line systems, but emphasize recent work on self‐generated noise, and signal and noise issues related to prey search strategies and collision avoidance.
Dyspnea reproducibility in a rural Bangladesh population
Authors: Pesola Gene Raymond , Parvez Faruque , Jasmin Sultana , Hasan Abul Kalam Mohammad Rabiul , Ahsan Habibul 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground and Aims:  Dyspnea may signal serious disease with increased morbidity/mortality. Dyspnea screening would only be valid if reproducible. The study aim was to determine the reliability (reproducibility) of assessing dyspnea through a simple questionnaire among a rural population.Methods:  Participants were recruited from a Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Dyspnea assessment used a questionnaire among 129 participants at two time points: at baseline and after 2 weeks to 9 months by trained physicians. All subjects were asked about the presence/absence of dyspnea in the last 6 months. At the second interview, a physician (blinded to questionnaire) conducted a clinical heart/lung examination and obtained a pulse oximeter reading.Results:  Dyspnea prevalence by baseline questionnaire was 2.4%. Overall dyspnea reliability was 94% (121 out of 129). If the initial response was ‘yes’ for the presence of dyspnea, reliability was 91% (49 out of 54). For an initial response of ‘no’ for the presence of dyspnea, reliability was 96% (72 out of 75). The pulmonary examination and pulse oximeter readings were significantly more likely to be abnormal in those with dyspnea (P < 0.01).Conclusions:  The reliability of a simple question on dyspnea is very high when obtained by physicians. Although validity was not the primary outcome, the increased likelihood of an abnormal chest examination or low pulse oximeter saturation for those reporting ‘yes’ to the dyspnea question suggests more significant underlying cardiopulmonary disease in those reporting recent dyspnea.Please cite this paper as: Pesola GR, Parvez F, Jasmin S, Hasan AKM R and Ahsan H. Dyspnea reproducibility in a rural Bangladesh population. The Clinical Respiratory Journal 2009; 3: 222–228.
The Origins and Development of Knowledge Management
Authors: Koenig Michael , Neveroski Kenneth 
Published: March 2009

Though it had earlier antecedents, the concept of Knowledge Management (KM), as we now know it, evolved as a concept in the late 1980s. The term originated in the consulting community. It arose from the merger of two factors: the recognition of the importance to an organisation of its information and knowledge assets, and from the emergence of the Internet and the almost immediate recognition of the utility of the Internet as an information and knowledge sharing tool, particularly for geographically dispersed organisations. KM has gone through four stages:(1) An emphasis upon the new technology and upon the development of "best practices" or "lessons learned".(2) An increased recognition of human and cultural factors, and upon the development of "communities of practice" to facilitate the sharing of information.(3) An increased recognition of the importance of designing the systems for retrievability, and the importance of data design and structure, including taxonomy development and utilisation.(4) An emphasis upon extending KM systems beyond the parent organisation to include, for example, vendors and suppliers, customers, users, alumni, etc.KM has exhibited remarkable staying power and growth in a fashion that is dramatically different from all other business enthusiasms of the late 20th century.
Rho GDP Dissociation Inhibitor 2 Suppresses Metastasis via Unconventional Regulation of RhoGTPases
Authors: Moissoglu Konstadinos , McRoberts Kevin S. , Meier Jeremy A. , Theodorescu Dan , Schwartz Martin A. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2) has been identified as a metastasis suppressor in bladder and possibly other cancers. This protein is a member of a family of proteins that maintain Rho GTPases in the cytoplasm and inhibit their activation and function. To understand the mechanism of metastasis suppression, we compared effects of RhoGDI1 and RhoGDI2. Despite showing much stronger inhibition of metastasis, RhoGDI2 is a weak inhibitor of Rho GTPase membrane targeting and function. However, point mutants that increase or decrease the affinity of RhoGDI2 for GTPases abolished its ability to inhibit metastasis. Surprisingly, metastasis suppression correlates with increased rather than decreased Rac1 activity. These data show that RhoGDI2 metastasis inhibition works through Rho GTPases but via a mechanism distinct from inhibition of membrane association. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2838–44]
Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the TP53 Region and Susceptibility to Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Schildkraut Joellen M. , Goode Ellen L. , Clyde Merlise A. , Iversen Edwin S. , Moorman Patricia G. , Berchuck Andrew , Marks Jeffrey R. , Lissowska Jolanta , Brinton Louise , Peplonska Beata , Cunningham Julie M. , Vierkant Robert A. , Rider David N. , Chenevix-Trench Georgia , Webb Penelope M. , Beesley Jonathan , Chen Xiaoqing , Phelan Catherine , Sutphen Rebecca , Sellers Thomas A. , Pearce Leigh , Wu Anna H. , Van Den Berg David , Conti David , Elund Christopher K. , Anderson Rebecca , Goodman Marc T. , Lurie Galina , Carney Michael E. , Thompson Pamela J. , Gayther Simon A. , Ramus Susan J. , Jacobs Ian , Krüger Kjaer Susanne , Hogdall Estrid , Blaakaer Jan , Hogdall Claus , Easton Douglas F. , Song Honglin , Pharoah Paul D.P. , Whittemore Alice S. , McGuire Valerie , Quaye Lydia , Anton-Culver Hoda , Ziogas Argyrios , Terry Kathryn L. , Cramer Daniel W. , Hankinson Susan E. , Tworoger Shelley S. , Calingaert Brian , Chanock Stephen , Sherman Mark , Garcia-Closas Montserrat ,   Australian Cancer Study (Ovarian Cancer),   Australian Ovarian Cancer Study Group
Published: March 2009

Abstract
The p53 protein is critical for multiple cellular functions including cell growth and DNA repair. We assessed whether polymorphisms in the region encoding TP53 were associated with risk of invasive ovarian cancer. The study population includes a total of 5,206 invasive ovarian cancer cases (2,829 of which were serous) and 8,790 controls from 13 case-control or nested case-control studies participating in the Ovarian Cancer Association Consortium (OCAC). Three of the studies performed independent discovery investigations involving genotyping of up to 23 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the TP53 region. Significant findings from this discovery phase were followed up for replication in the other OCAC studies. Mixed effects logistic regression was used to generate posterior median per allele odds ratios (OR), 95% probability intervals (PI), and Bayes factors (BF) for genotype associations. Five SNPs showed significant associations with risk in one or more of the discovery investigations and were followed up by OCAC. Mixed effects analysis confirmed associations with serous invasive cancers for two correlated (r2 = 0.62) SNPs: rs2287498 (median per allele OR, 1.30; 95% PI, 1.07–1.57) and rs12951053 (median per allele OR, 1.19; 95% PI, 1.01–1.38). Analyses of other histologic subtypes suggested similar associations with endometrioid but not with mucinous or clear cell cancers. This large study provides statistical evidence for a small increase in risk of ovarian cancer associated with common variants in the TP53 region. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):2349–57]
CDC25B Mediates Rapamycin-Induced Oncogenic Responses in Cancer Cells
Authors: Chen Run-qiang , Yang Qing-kai , Lu Bing-wen , Yi Wei , Cantin Greg , Chen Yan-ling , Fearns Colleen , Yates John R. , Lee Jiing-Dwan 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Because the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is commonly deregulated in human cancer, mTOR inhibitors, rapamycin and its derivatives, are being actively tested in cancer clinical trials. Clinical updates indicate that the anticancer effect of these drugs is limited, perhaps due to rapamycin-dependent induction of oncogenic cascades by an as yet unclear mechanism. As such, we investigated rapamycin-dependent phosphoproteomics and discovered that 250 phosphosites in 161 cellular proteins were sensitive to rapamycin. Among these, rapamycin regulated four kinases and four phosphatases. A siRNA-dependent screen of these proteins showed that AKT induction by rapamycin was attenuated by depleting cellular CDC25B phosphatase. Rapamycin induces the phosphorylation of CDC25B at Serine375, and mutating this site to Alanine substantially reduced CDC25B phosphatase activity. Additionally, expression of CDC25B (S375A) inhibited the AKT activation by rapamycin, indicating that phosphorylation of CDC25B is critical for CDC25B activity and its ability to transduce rapamycin-induced oncogenic AKT activity. Importantly, we also found that CDC25B depletion in various cancer cell lines enhanced the anticancer effect of rapamycin. Together, using rapamycin phosphoproteomics, we not only advance the global mechanistic understanding of the action of rapamycin but also show that CDC25B may serve as a drug target for improving mTOR-targeted cancer therapies. [Cancer Res 2009;69(6):OF2663–8]
Central Role of c-Myc during Malignant Conversion in Human Hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Kaposi-Novak Pal , Libbrecht Louis , Woo Hyun Goo , Lee Yun-Han , Sears Nathaniel C. , Conner Elizabeth A. , Factor Valentina M. , Roskams Tania , Thorgeirsson Snorri S. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract
Hepatocarcinogenesis is a multistage process in which precursor lesions progress into early hepatocellular carcinomas (eHCC) by sequential accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic alterations. To decode the molecular events during early stages of liver carcinogenesis, we performed gene expression profiling on cirrhotic (regenerative) and dysplastic nodules (DN), as well as eHCC. Although considerable heterogeneity was observed at the regenerative and dysplastic stages, overall, 460 differentially expressed genes were detected between DN and eHCC. Functional analysis of the significant gene set identified the MYC oncogene as a plausible driver gene for malignant conversion of the DNs. In addition, gene set enrichment analysis revealed global activation of the MYC up-regulated gene set in eHCC versus dysplasia. Presence of the MYC signature significantly correlated with increased expression of CSN5, as well as with higher overall transcription rate of genes located in the 8q chromosome region. Furthermore, a classifier constructed from MYC target genes could robustly discriminate eHCC from high-grade and low-grade DNs. In conclusion, our study identified unique expression patterns associated with the transition of high-grade DNs into eHCC and showed that activation of the MYC transcription signature is strongly associated with the malignant conversion of preneoplastic liver lesions. [Cancer Res 2009;69(7):2775–82]