bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Observed Changes in Cyclone Activity in Canada and Their Relationships to Major Circulation Regimes
Authors: Wang Xiaolan L. , Wan H. , Swail Val R. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
This study assessed the climate and trend of cyclone activity in Canada using mainly the occurrence frequency of cyclone deepening events and deepening rates, which were derived from hourly mean sea level pressure data observed at 83 Canadian stations for up to 50 years (1953–2002). Trends in the frequency of cyclone activity were estimated by logistic regression analysis, and trends of seasonal extreme cyclone intensity, by linear regression analysis.
The results of trend analysis show that, among the four seasons, winter cyclone activity has shown the most significant trends. It has become significantly more frequent, more durable, and stronger in the lower Canadian Arctic, but less frequent and weaker in the south, especially along the southeast and southwest coasts. Winter cyclone deepening rates have increased in the zone around 60°N but decreased in the Great Lakes area and southern Prairies–British Columbia. However, extreme winter cyclone activity seems to have experienced a weaker increase in northwest-central Canada but a stronger decline in the Great Lakes area and in southern Prairies. The results also show more frequent summer cyclone activity with slower deepening rates on the east coast, as well as less frequent cyclone activity with faster deepening rates in the Great Lakes area in autumn.
Cyclone activity in Canada was found to be closely related to the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Overall, cyclone activity in Canada is most closely related to the NAO. The simultaneous NAO index explains about 44% (41%) of the winter (autumn) cyclone activity variance in the east coast, 31% of winter cyclone activity variance in the 60°–70°N zone, and 17% of autumn cyclone activity variance in the Great Lakes area. Also, in several regions (e.g., the east coast, the southwest, and the 60°–70°N zone) up to 15% of the seasonal cyclone activity variance can be explained by the NAO/PDO/ENSO index one–three seasons earlier, which is useful for seasonal forecasting.
AGCM Precipitation Biases in the Tropical Atlantic
Authors: Biasutti M. , Sobel A. H. , Kushnir Y. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractMany general circulation models (GCMs) share similar biases in the representation of the intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) in the Atlantic, even when they are forced with the time series of the observed sea surface temperature (SST). Specifically, they overestimate precipitation in the Southern Hemisphere in boreal spring and in the Caribbean region in boreal summer.The majority of the models considered here place the rainfall maximum over the SST maximum, although the true precipitation maximum does not occur there. This is the case even though these GCMs accurately place the maximum in surface wind convergence away from the SST maximum, at the location where the observed precipitation maximum lies.Models that overrespond to SST in this way tend to (i) have fewer heavy-rain events, (ii) rain more for a smaller amount of water vapor in the atmospheric column, and (iii) couple rainfall and surface humidity too strongly and rainfall and humidity above the surface too weakly.
Interannual Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperatures and Their Relation to Preceding Sea Level Pressures in the NCAR CCSM2
Authors: Anderson Bruce T. , Maloney Eric 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
This paper describes aspects of tropical interannual ocean/atmosphere variability in the NCAR Community Climate System Model Version 2.0 (CCSM2). The CCSM2 tropical Pacific Ocean/atmosphere system exhibits much stronger biennial variability than is observed. However, a canonical correlation analysis technique decomposes the simulated boreal winter tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) variability into two modes, both of which are related to atmospheric variability during the preceding boreal winter. The first mode of ocean/atmosphere variability is related to the strong biennial oscillation in which La Niña–related sea level pressure (SLP) conditions precede El Niño–like SST conditions the following winter. The second mode of variability indicates that boreal winter tropical Pacific SST anomalies can also be initiated by SLP anomalies over the subtropical central and eastern North Pacific 12 months earlier.
The evolution of both modes is characterized by recharge/discharge within the equatorial subsurface temperature field. For the first mode of variability, this recharge/discharge produces a lag between the basin-average equatorial Pacific isotherm depth anomalies and the isotherm–slope anomalies, equatorial SSTs, and wind stress fields. Significant anomalies are present up to a year before the boreal winter SLP variations and two years prior to the boreal winter ENSO-like events. For the second canonical factor pattern, the recharge/discharge mechanism is induced concurrent with the boreal winter SLP pattern approximately one year prior to the ENSO-like events, when isotherms initially deepen and change their slope across the basin. A rapid deepening of the isotherms in the eastern equatorial Pacific and a warming of the overlying SST anomalies then occurs during the subsequent 12 months.
Sequential Preoperative or Postoperative Docetaxel Added to Preoperative Doxorubicin Plus Cyclophosphamide for Operable Breast Cancer: National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project Protocol B-27
Authors: Bear Harry D. , Anderson Stewart , Smith Roy E. , Geyer Charles E. , Mamounas Eleftherios P. , Fisher Bernard , Brown Ann M. , Robidoux Andre , Margolese Richard , Kahlenberg Morton S. , Paik Soonmyung , Soran Atilla , Wickerham D. Lawrence , Wolmark Norman 
Published: April 2006

Purpose This study was designed to determine the effect of adding docetaxel (T) to preoperative doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide (AC) on breast cancer response rates and disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods Women with operable breast cancer (N = 2,411) were randomly assigned to receive preoperative AC followed by surgery, AC followed by T and surgery, or AC followed by surgery and then T. Tamoxifen was initiated concurrently with chemotherapy. Median time on study for 2,404 patients with follow-up was 77.9 months. Results Addition of T to AC did not significantly impact DFS or OS. There were trends toward improved DFS with addition of T. The addition of T reduced the incidence of local recurrences as first events (P = .0034). Preoperative T, but not postoperative T, significantly improved DFS in patients who had a clinical partial response after AC (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.91; P = .007). Pathologic complete response, which was doubled by addition of preoperative T, was a significant predictor of OS regardless of treatment (HR = 0.33; 95% CI, 0.23 to 0.47; P < .0001). Pathologic nodal status after chemotherapy was a significant predictor of OS (P < .0001). Conclusion The addition of preoperative or postoperative T after preoperative AC did not significantly affect OS, slightly improved DFS, and decreased the incidence of local recurrences. The sample size of this study was not sufficient to yield significance for the moderate DFS improvement. Concurrent use of tamoxifen may have limited the impact of adding T.
Bortezomib Therapy in Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Lymphoma: Potential Correlation of In Vitro Sensitivity and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Response With Clinical Activity
Authors: Strauss Sandra J. , Maharaj Lenushka , Hoare Susan , Johnson Peter W. , Radford John A. , Vinnecombe Sarah , Millard Lynda , Rohatiner Ama , Boral Anthony , Trehu Elizabeth , Schenkein David , Balkwill Frances , Joel Simon P. , Lister T. Andrew 
Published: April 2006

Purpose To determine the efficacy of bortezomib in patients with lymphoid malignancy, correlating clinical response with effect on plasma cytokines and in vitro activity in primary cultures. Patients and Methods Patients received bortezomib (1.3 mg/m2) on days 1, 4, 8, and 11 of a 3-week cycle. Plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 were measured before each treatment, and bortezomib activity was examined in patient samples grown in primary culture. Results Fifty-one patients received a total of 193 cycles of treatment. Twenty-four patients had mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), 13 had follicular lymphoma (FL), six had lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma, six had Hodgkin's disease (HD), and one each had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Patients were heavily pretreated with a median of four previous therapies. Significant grade 3 to 4 toxicities were thrombocytopenia (n = 22), fatigue (n = 10), and peripheral neuropathy (n = 3). Seven patients with MCL responded to treatment (one complete response, six partial responses [PRs]; overall response rate, 29%). Two patients with FL achieved a late PR 3 months after discontinuing therapy. Two patients with Waldenström's macroglobulinemia and one patient with HD achieved a PR. MCL primary cultures demonstrated greater sensitivity to bortezomib than FL (median 50% effective concentration for viability, 209 nmol/L v 1,311 nmol/L, respectively; P = .07), which correlated with clinical response. A median reduction in plasma TNF-α of 98% was observed in six patients with MCL who responded to bortezomib compared with a reduction of 38% in six nonresponders (P = .07). Conclusion Bortezomib demonstrates encouraging efficacy in MCL in heavily pretreated individuals. Response was associated with a reduction in plasma TNF-α and in vitro sensitivity in a small number of patients.
Oxidative and nitrative DNA damage in animals and patients with inflammatory diseases in relation to inflammation-related carcinogenesis
Authors: Kawanishi Shosuke , Hiraku Yusuke , Pinlaor Somchai , Ma Ning 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Infection and chronic inflammation are proposed to contribute to carcinogenesis through inflammation-related mechanisms. Infection with hepatitis C virus, Helicobacter pylori and the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini (OV), are important risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), gastric cancer and cholangiocarcinoma, respectively. Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) and oral diseases, such as oral lichen planus (OLP) and leukoplakia, are associated with colon carcinogenesis and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), respectively. We performed a double immunofluorescence labeling study and found that nitrative and oxidative DNA lesion products, 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG), were formed and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was expressed in epithelial cells and inflammatory cells at the site of carcinogenesis in humans and animal models. Antibacterial, antiviral and antiparasitic drugs dramatically diminished the formation of these DNA lesion markers and iNOS expression. These results suggest that oxidative and nitrative DNA damage occurs at the sites of carcinogenesis, regardless of etiology. Therefore, it is considered that excessive amounts of reactive nitrogen species produced via iNOS during chronic inflammation may play a key role in carcinogenesis by causing DNA damage. On the basis of our results, we propose that 8-nitroguanine is a promising biomarker to evaluate the potential risk of inflammation-mediated carcinogenesis.
Cancer-preventive anti-oxidants that attenuate free radical generation by inflammatory cells
Authors: Murakami Akira , Ohigashi Hajime 
Published: April 2006

AbstractActive inflammatory leukocytes are a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen oxide species (RONS). We have recently established novel bioassay systems, in which either phorbol ester-stimulated, differentiated HL-60 human leukemia cells or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages were co-cultured with AS52 Chinese hamster ovary cells. Extensive screening of extracts from Asian vegetables and fruits led to the identification of 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate (ACA), auraptene, nobiletin, and zerumbone, all of which were found to be highly anti-mutagenic in the above co-culture systems. Pretreatment of RAW264.7 macrophages with LPS led to the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and Akt, together with the degradation of IκB-α protein, and the resultant activation of the AP-1, NF-κB, and CREB transcription factors. ACA abrogated ERK1/2 and JNK1/2, but not p38 activation, as well as the activation and transcriptional activation of NF-κB and CREB, whereas nobiletin allowed phosphorylation of these MAPKs, while it suppressed AP-1, NF-κB, and CREB activation. Interestingly, zerumbone did not have any effects on the latter transcription factors, although it did attenuate iNOS mRNA expression. In addition, auraptene suppressed iNOS protein production, but not mRNA expression, implying that it targets the translation step. Our model systems may be useful for identifying potentially anti-carcinogenic inhibitors of RONS generation.
Role of the kinin B1 receptor in insulin homeostasis and pancreatic islet function
Authors: Araújo Ronaldo C. , Mori Marcelo A. , Merino Vanessa F. , Bascands Jean-Loup , Schanstra Joost P. , Zollner Ricardo L. , Villela Conceição A. , Nakaie Clovis R. , Paiva Antonio C.M. , Pesquero Jorge L. , Bader Michael , Pesquero João B. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Kinins are potent vasoactive peptides generated in blood and tissues by the kallikrein serine proteases. Two distinct kinin receptors have been described, one constitutive (subtype B2) and one inducible (subtype B1), and many physiological functions have been attributed to these receptors, including glucose homeostasis and control of vascular permeability. In this study we show that mice lacking the kinin B1 receptor (B1
-/- mice) have lower fasting plasma glucose concentrations but exhibit higher glycemia after feeding when compared to wild-type mice. B1
-/- mice also present pancreas abnormalities, characterized by fewer pancreatic islets and lower insulin content, which leads to hypoinsulinemia and reduced insulin release after a glucose load. Nevertheless, an insulin tolerance test indicated higher sensitivity in B1
-/- mice. In line with this phenotype, pancreatic vascular permeability was shown to be reduced in B1 receptor-ablated mice. The B1 agonist desArg9bradykinin injected intravenously can induce the release of insulin into serum, and this effect was not observed in the B1
-/- mice or in isolated islets. Our data demonstrate the importance of the kinin B1 receptor in the control of pancreatic vascular homeostasis and insulin release, highlighting a new role for this receptor in the pathogenesis of diabetes and related diseases.
Reduction in Neonatal Mortality in Chile Between 1990 and 2000
Authors: Gonzalez Rogelio , Merialdi Mario , Lincetto Ornella , Lauer Jeremy , Becerra Carlos , Castro René , García Pedro , Saugstad Ola D. , Villar José 
Published: April 2006

OBJECTIVE. Our objective with this article was to describe the declining trend in neonatal mortality in Chile between 1990 and 2000 and examine potential causal factors.
METHODS. Descriptive analysis of data that were provided by the Chilean Ministry of Health on all ∼2900000 births occurred in Chile between 1990 and 2000. Total neonatal mortality rates (&lt;28 days), and birth weight–specific and gestational age–specific mortality rates from 1990 to 2000 were analyzed by year. Public health interventions that were implemented during the 1990s were reviewed to assess their potential influence on the observed trends in neonatal mortality.
RESULTS. The neonatal mortality rate between 1990 and 2000 decreased from 8.3 to 5.7 per 1000 live births. This decline was not associated with decreases in the proportion of low birth weight and preterm infants but rather with declines in birth weight–specific and gestational age–specific mortality rates. Examination of the trends in birth weight–specific and gestational age–specific mortality rates showed that a marked proportional decrease in mortality rates was achieved among infants who weighed &lt;1500 g and were delivered before 32 weeks. It is plausible, both biologically and temporally, that the observed trends in the reduction in birth weight–specific and gestational age–specific mortality rates are associated with the introduction of specific sector-wide interventions that aim to improve newborn care in very preterm and low birth weight infants.
CONCLUSIONS. Important reductions in newborn mortality in developing countries are possible with the implementation of effective neonatal care interventions.
Singlet Oxygen in Plants—Its Significance and Possible Detection with Double (Fluorescent and Spin) Indicator Reagents
Authors: Hideg Éva , Kálai Tamás , Kós Péter B. , Asada Kozi , Hideg Kálmán 
Published: April 2006

ABSTRACTDirect detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS), especially singlet oxygen, in plants under stress conditions is of special importance, not only to identify primary events of oxidative damage, but also in studies exploring the potential role of ROS as signal molecules. Due to short life‐times and diffusion distances of ROS, these tasks require highly reactive and selective indicator reagents, localized at the presumed site of production. In the present study, we compared four double sensors: ROS indicator reagents in which partial fluorescence quenching of a dansyl moiety occurs as a result of nitroxide radical formation from a sterically hindered amine constituent. Our experiments support the idea that shorter donor‐acceptor distances within these molecules result in higher reactivity to ROS. The presence of a diethylaminoethyl side chain resulted in better selectivity to singlet oxygen: reagents lacking such substituent had an additional reactivity to superoxide anions, probably as a result of the formation of zwitterionic structures. Fluorescence localization studies of the indicator reagents in tobacco leaves and in Chlamydomonas cells show promising perspectives of their applications to plant stress studies.
Highly Fluorinated Interphase Enables the Exceptional Stability of Monolithic Al Foil Anode for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tan Ran , Zhang Juzheng , Liu Kexin , Zhu Xiaolong , Gao Ruimin , Zhang Qian , Wang Yuting , Ai Xinping , Qian Jiangfeng 
Published: February 2024

AbstractDirectly using aluminum (Al) foil as anode material offers a streamlined manufacturing process by eliminating the need for conductive additives, binders, and casting procedures. Nonetheless, monolithic Al foil anodes often suffer from mechanical failure and poor cyclability, posing challenges for practical adoption. In this study, a high‐concentration ether‐based electrolyte is employed to boost the durability of the Al foil anode. In contrast to traditional low‐concentration electrolytes, the use of 5 m lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in 1,2‐dimethoxyethane promotes the priority decomposition of anions, leading to the creation of a fluoride‐rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer with exceptional structural modulus and high ion conductivity. These outcomes, coupled with Al's superior compatibility in the chosen electrolyte, enable a record‐breaking cycle life of up to 400 cycles for Li//Al half‐cells, when operated at a high areal capacity of 1 mAh cm−2. In full‐cell configurations, an outstanding capacity retention is also observed, with 96.9% after 150 cycles even under practical conditions involving a 40 µm thin Al foil and a 7.4 mg cm−2 LiFePO4 cathode. These results not only mark the pioneering use of high‐concentration ether‐based electrolyte systems in Al foil anodes but also showcase the high potential for developing low‐cost and high‐energy Al foil‐based LIBs.
Surface Nanodroplet‐Confined Engineering of Gold (I) ‐Thiolate Nanostructures
Authors: Yu Haitao , Li Miaosi , Dyett Brendan P. , Dong Dashen , Conn Charlotte E. , Drummond Calum J. , Bao Lei 
Published: February 2024

AbstractGold(I)‐thiolate complexes have served as primary building blocks for diverse Au nanostructure synthesis strategies. A delicate approach to characterize and control Au(I)‐thiolate motif formation and assembly on the surface is needed as it can potentially solve challenges associated with utilizing gold nanomaterials in many applications. Here, the controllable generation of flower‐shaped surface gold nanostructures (FSGNs) is demonstrated by manipulating the formation‐assembly process of Au(I)‐dodecanethiolate motifs within nanoscale surface droplets. The morphology and structure of the resulting Au nanostructures are governed by internal convection flows and interfacial energy, modulated by the nanodroplet composition and substrate wettability. The obtained FSGNs are proven to act as versatile scaffolds for the selective generation of Au spiky nanostars. These FSGNs can also be utilized to functionalize nanodroplet‐based reactors, boosting the fluorescent intensity of Nile red (NR) fluorophores and decomposing NR via catalytic reaction. Remarkably, with FSGN functionalized droplets smaller than a radius of 500 nm, the decomposition rate of NR can reach ≈0.01 s−1. These results highlight a miniaturized, controllable, and automated method for the in situ production of 3D gold nanostructures on substrates, offering prospects for fast surface nanostructure fabrication and efficient environmental pollutant treatment.
On the chemical composition of the evolved very bright metal‐poor star HD 1936
Authors: Çalışkan Şeyma , Alazzawi Jannat Mushreq Kamil , Nasolo Yahya 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe present chemical abundances of the very bright metal‐poor star HD 1936 based on high‐resolution and high SNR spectra from AUKR. We obtain the abundances of 29 atomic species with atomic numbers between 3 and 63. In this context, the derived lithium abundance of 1.01 is consistent with the thin Li plateau observed in lower red giant branch stars. The star is a carbon‐normal with a ratio of −0.31, just like other low‐luminosity red giants on the thin Li plateau. We find the ratios of [Eu/Fe] = 0.43 and [Ba/Eu] = −0.64, indicating very little s‐process contamination. These ratios allow us to classify the star as a moderately r‐process‐enhanced (r‐I) metal‐poor star for the first time. It is worth mentioning that the star has a metallicity of −1.74, a [Cu/Fe] of −0.74, a [Zn/Fe] of 0.04, and a [Mg/C] of 0.69. The results suggest that it may be a second‐generation star formed in a multi‐enriched environment, rather than being a descendant of very massive first‐generation stars. A last point worth mentioning is the possibility that HD 1936 may host a sub‐stellar component with a mass of . Although our study does not confirm or deny this, we briefly discuss the possibility of the star hosting a planet.
Impact of the Potential Dependent Surface Adlayer Composition on the ORR Activity and H2O2 Formation on Ru(0001) in Acid Electrolytes
Authors: Engstfeld Albert K. , Beckord Stephan , Fuchs Stefan , Behm R. Jürgen 
Published: February 2024

AbstractStimulated by the increasing interest in ion adsorption effects on electrocatalytic reactions and by recent more detailed reports on the potential dependent adlayer structures formed on Ru(0001) in pure HClO4 and H2SO4 electrolytes, we revisited the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on structurally well‐defined Ru(0001) single crystal surfaces prepared under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. We demonstrate that the complex, potential‐dependent activity both for the ORR and for H2O2 formation is closely related to potential‐dependent changes in the composition and structure of the adlayer. Our results demonstrate the enormous effects adsorbed species can have on the ORR reaction characteristics, either by surface blocking, e. g., by (co‐)adsorbed bisulfate species, or by participation in the reaction, e. g., by *H transfer from adsorbed H or OH to O2. The comparison with results obtained on polycrystalline Ru, which differ significantly from Ru(0001) data, furthermore underlines the importance of using structurally well‐defined surfaces as a reference system for future theoretical studies.