bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ile ou rivage dans l'Ancien Testament
Authors: Dussaud Par René 
Published: January 2007

Je saisis avec empressement l'occasion qui m'est offerte d'exprimer toute ma sympathie, qui date de près d'un demi-siècle, et mon admiration pour l'infatigable travail archéologique que le professeur John Garstang a accompli depuis le Soudan jusqu'en Anatolie. Son séjour prolongé en Palestine comme directeur du Service des Antiquités m'autorise à lui offrir une courte note concernant l'A.T. dont le texte a aussi été l'objet de ses études. J'évoquerai ainsi I'heureux temps où il travaillait en Terre Sainte avec la regrettée Madame Garstang, qui fut sa fidèle collaboratrice sur les champs de fouille.Que le sens primitif de 'î soit “côte, rivage”, et non “île”, un premier indice tient à ce que le mot étant commun au cananéen et à l'égyptien ('iw), son usage est fort ancien et remonte à une époque où les Sémites n'avaient aucune connaissance des îles proprement dites. Les lexiques ne l'ignorent pas, mais - les traducteurs, sacrifiant à la forme littéraire, l'oublient souvent.
Urartian Reliefs at Adılcevaz, on Lake Van, and a Rock Relief from the Karasu, near Birecik
Authors: Burney C. A. , Lawson G. R. J. 
Published: January 2007

The Medieval Castle at Adılcevaz, on the north shore of Lake Van, incorporated in its walls fragments of a relief sculpture carved in basalt. Six such fragments have now been recovered. Two Urartian inscribed blocks, also of basalt, which have for some years stood outside the primary school, had also, no doubt, been used in the wall of the mediaeval castle.The fragments of sculpture belong to a relief representing a god or king standing on a bull, facing left towards two triple spearheads, placed one above the other. Five of the fragments belong to this figure, but the sixth shows that there was another figure, looking towards the first and likewise facing a triple spearhead. Behind the right-hand figure stands a single triple spearhead, rather taller and more slender than those in the middle, and perhaps fixed on some solid base, only part of which remains. The god or king wears an elaborately decorated garment, probably woven of wool: the pattern, perhaps in gold brocade, is repetitive, with a wide border, edged with a fringe and a band of “herring-bone” pattern.
Excavations at Can Hasan, 1965, Fifth Preliminary Report
Authors: French D. H. 
Published: January 2007

The excavations at Can Hasan were continued this year from 1st September to 6th October. Work, however, went on until October 16th on section drawing, photography, packing and storing. Further repairs were made to the fence enclosing the site and measures taken for the conservation of the site during the winter. Maintenance work was carried out on the dig house. As in the previous year, the excavation bekçi continues to live in the house during the winter months.Those assisting in this year's excavations were Messrs. S. Payne and J. N. Postgate, field assistants and the Misses E. A. Dowman, A. C. Hird, S. M. Page and R. J. Worth, house assistants. Mr. Payne again had charge of the obsidian material; Miss Dowman was in charge of registration and conservation and Miss Worth of pottery. Bay Hayrettin Solmaz represented the Turkish Government. For most of the season we employed about eight men from the village.
A Note on the South-eastern Borders of the Empire of Trebizond in the Thirteenth Century
Authors: Winfield David 
Published: January 2007

The churches of Ispir and Bayburt, standing in dominant positions in the castles which command these towns, inevitably prompt the question “Who built them?” A final answer cannot be given until the two sites are excavated or documentary sources are discovered, but the circumstantial evidence, both historical and stylistic, provides a number of indications for their origin.Both Ispir and Bayburt stand in an area which has always been a marcher land, and in the Byzantine period it was in dispute many times between the Armenians, the Georgians and the Byzantine Empire, with the Persians and Arabs, and later the Turks also making their claims in the area. Ispir castle stands on a rock dominating the middle reaches of the River Çoruh, the Acampsis or Boas of the Ancients, and apart from commanding a part of the river valley which is wide and fertile, it is more or less a half-way halt for the direct route northwards from Erzurum across the Pontic mountains to the sea at Rize.
Kurupınar
Authors: French David 
Published: January 2007

This site has not been tested by excavation. Such finds as are known were collected from the surface of the mound in the autumn of 1971. No attempt was made to collect systematically: the intention was simply to provide sherd material in order to date the site. The site was located during pre-excavation surveys by Whallon and Kantmann (map, METU 1968 Report: site N 52/3).The mound of Kurupınar is situated on the west side of the upland valley, c. 2 km. west of the şose to Çemişgezek, along a track leading to Engüzek; a poor spring is found near the north foot of the site. Engüzek lies c. 2·5 km. away to the southwest.
A New Water Separation Process for soil from Archaeological Excavations
Authors: Weaver M. E. 
Published: January 2007

Early in 1970 David French asked me to try to find a solution to the problem of dealing with the large amount of very fine material which passed through his new archaeological sieving and flotation processes. The material was in fact graded from fine sand through silt to clay, and came from the end of the flotation boxes mixed with quantities of water. The resulting mud or slime then blocked up filters and overflows. Apart from the suspicion that one was thus missing very fine particles of archaeological interest, the discarded slime was slowing up and even threatening to stop the flotation processes.The problem was thus one of separating quantities of very fine material from large quantities of water, and at the same time of separating fine organic material from particles of inorganic material–usually silicates.
Iron Age Pottery from the provinces of Tokat and Sivas
Authors: Durbin Gail E. S. 
Published: January 2007

This article is based on material collected by Charles Burney, who carried out a survey of the province of Tokat and the northern part of the Sivas province in 1955. His aim was to study the pre-Classical remains of the area and pottery from the Chalcolithic period to the Iron Age was collected. This study is concerned with the Iron Age.My aims were firstly to record the pottery found, including the plain wares, and to plot any distinguishable groups. I wanted to look for parallels outside the area, establish the direction of any outside influence and then to test the pottery groups against physical boundaries and consider their relationship, if any, to known political boundaries. Any conclusions must be seen in the light of the extremely limited material available.
An Urartian Lead Figurine from Toprak Kale
Authors: Mitchell T. C. 
Published: January 2007

Dr. Richard Barnett has had a long-standing interest in Urartu, manifested most recently in his chapter in the new Cambridge Ancient History, and early represented by his article on “The Excavations of the British Museum at Toprak Kale near Van” over thirty years before, in 1950. Among the finds in the important Toprak Kale collection in the British Museum were parts of what Dr. Barnett described as a “bewigged garment of lead”, and this piece (BM. 123870) has become familiar from his illustration (Pl. XXXVa).It was found during the excavations conducted on behalf of the British Museum at Toprak Kale in 1880 by Captain E. Clayton and Dr. G. C. Raynolds, who undertook the work at the request of Hormuzd Rassam, in whose name Sir Henry Layard had obtained an excavation permit. Clayton and Raynolds excavated two main areas on Toprak Kale, one representing the Temple of Haldi, and the other, some fifty feet to the south, where a “pavement” was uncovered and a number of ivory objects and fragments of ivory and bronze were found, in Clayton's words, “in this excavation near the level of the pavement …” Though he makes no mention of lead, the lead fragments under discussion were associated with the ivory, and were presumably mistaken by him for fragments of bronze. This group is probably to be dated in the later part of the ninth, or the eight century B.C.
Carchemish ša kišad puratti
Authors: Winter Irene J. 
Published: January 2007

Perhaps no other site in the region of northern Syria and south-eastern Anatolia played as important a role in the history of the early first millennium B.C. as Carchemish, “on the banks of the Euphrates.” It is one of the best-documented sites of the period, due to a combination of Neo-Assyrian references and the excavated material of the site itself, including inscriptions, reliefs and large-scale architectural projects initiated by the rulers of Carchemish. All of these documents attest to its immense wealth and power.The site was first explored in the 1870's on behalf of the British Museum, once George Smith had determined that the modern town of Djerabis must be ancient Carchemish; and was subsequently excavated and published under the Museum's auspices. Several encyclopedic compendia published in recent years have summarized in cogent syntheses the information known about Carchemish. Nevertheless, I would like to include this present review of the material as a tribute to Richard D. Barnett – whose own work has been closely associated with the site in particular and with North Syria in general – in order to add a few points regarding the nature of Carchemish and the role played by the state in the history and art-history of the times.
The Authorship of the Inscribed Pillar of Xanthos
Authors: Childs William A. P. 
Published: January 2007

The Inscribed Pillar of Xanthos is the most elaborate example of the Lycian pillar tombs. It is important for its reliefs preserved in London and Istanbul but particularly for the long historical inscription in Lycian which covers the south, east, and half of the north side of the pillar shaft. This is followed on the north side by a Greek epigram and a moderately long inscription on the remainder of the north and the whole west side in Lycian B or Milyan. The date of the pillar is generally placed around 400 B.C. This is based on the style of the reliefs of the upper burial chamber and on the analysis of the historical inscription.The name of the author of the pillar appeared three times in the inscriptions – twice in the Lycian historical inscription (south side or a lines 1 and 29/30) and once in the Greek epigram (north side or c line 24, epigram line 5). Yet in the Lycian the name is missing entirely in both cases and in the Greek only the last two letters are preserved: [ … ]ις. The fact that he is called in the Lycian and Greek the son of Harpagos does not help identify him because this Harpagos is otherwise known only from two inscriptions, one still unpublished. Recently it has been argued by Laroche that the author of the inscription cannot be the formerly favoured Kherẽi (χerẽi) because the space for the name must have contained six letters. Bousquet has also shown that a plausible restoration of the name of the author of the inscription in the Greek epigram is [Gerg]is, the Greek equivalent of Kheriga (χeriga).
R.E.C.A.M. Notes and Studies No. 6: Jews, Christians and Heretics in Acmonia and Eumeneia
Authors: Sheppard A. R. R. 
Published: January 2007

It is hoped that one of the advantages of the creation of the R.E.C.A.M. archives in Ankara and of the eventual publication of the regional catalogues will be that the synoptic study of particular topics in a given region will be made easier. A provisional reassessement of the relations between Jews, orthodox Christians and related groups in two Phrygian cities is here attempted.Jewish settlements were established in Phrygia as military colonies by Antiochus III, in the last decade of the third century B.C. Evidence from both inscriptions and rabbinic literature suggests that, by the Roman imperial period, these communities were distinctly Hellenized. The Talmud provides an interesting anecdote, which appears to refer to the Jews of Phrygia and neighbouring Lydia:The wine of (?) Perugitha and the waters of Diomsith cut off the Ten Tribes from Israel. Rabbi Eleazar ben Arak visited that place. He was attracted to them and his learning vanished. …
Schliemann's Mendacity: a Question of Methodology
Authors: Traill David A. 
Published: January 2007

In two recent articles Donald Easton has responded to my arguments that fraud is involved in Schliemann's published reports of the discovery of what he called “Priam's Treasure”. The reader of our articles might easily form the opinion that we hold widely different views regarding Schliemann's credibility. In fact, we are in substantial agreement. Our differences are partly a matter of degree and partly methodological. Before discussing them in detail, however, it might be useful to outline the common ground that appears to have been established. After carefully examining Easton's articles I think it fair to say that we are agreed on the following points.1. Schliemann's excavation notebooks are, for the most part, truthful and accurate records of the finds he made and where and when he made them. This is apparent to anyone who has examined these notebooks closely. Not only are Schliemann's reports archaeologically plausible, but, as Easton points out, “most of the detail is far too mundane to be worth falsifying.” Only a very small percentage of material in the excavation notebooks can seriously be thought to come under suspicion.
Analyses of İkiztepe Metal Artifacts
Authors: Kunç Şeref 
Published: January 2007

Only a few investigations on the composition of Anatolian copper and copper alloys have been carried out. Esin (1967) published analyses of 750 copper artifacts excavated from different Anatolian prehistoric sites and found that 600 of them were made of copper alloys containing deliberate quantities (i.e. more than 1%) of arsenic, lead or tin. Of these, 50% contain As between 1–6%, 25% As 1–3% and Sn 1–10% together, 20% Sn only (2–10%) and the remaining 5% Pb and/or Sn, As. The results of these analyses show that prehistoric Anatolian artifacts which are made of copper alloys have closely similar composition to Egyptian (Hedges, 1979) and Greek (Craddock, 1977) ones or at least their production technology appears to be the same. It is well known that As was added to copper around the third millennium B.C. by prehistoric metallurgists and Sn by the second millennium B.C.The metal objects whose analyses are reported below were all found in the İkiztepe excavation during 1978 and 1979 (Alkım, 1979). İkiztepe was located on the shore of the Black Sea and Kızılırmak (Red River) during the prehistoric ages, though today it is 60 km. away from the Black Sea. It was the largest occupation site around Samsun and consisted of four different natural hüyüks. Two hüyüks numbered İkiztepe I and II have been excavated to date.
Dating the Cape Gelidonya Shipwreck
Authors: Giveon Raphael 
Published: January 2007

The scarabs found with the wreck at Cape Gelidonya are important for the dating of the ship. The group has been discussed in detail by Schulman in a chapter of the publication of the wreck. A new look at the scarab group after so many years may be worthwhile.We have the following comments on Schulman's dating of these scarabs:Scarab 1: “Late 18. or 19. Dynasty.”In the discussion of this object “Gaza” is mentioned as the site of origin of one of the parallel pieces. However “Ancient Gaza” is the name of the 5 volumes by Petrie dealing with the excavations at Tell el-Ajjul, seven kilometres south of modern Gaza. The closest parallel to Scarab 1 is, however, at Tell el-Far'a. It has two horizontal lines under the nb sign, showing that “Lord of the Two Countries” (= Egypt) is intended in all these cases.Scarab 2: “New Kingdom” “Early New Kingdom, more specifically … 18. Dynasty.”It should be noted that the “short apparently meaningless vertical lines” are a duplication of the sign which usually follows an ideogram Z.1 in Gardiner's sign list. It is often duplicated thus, or appears as sign V.20 or Q.3.
A Roman Glass Flask in Gaziantep Museum
Authors: Lightfoot C. S. 
Published: January 2007

Early Roman mould-blown glass vessels are widespread and well-known in the museums, private collections and sale rooms of Europe and America. However, one encounters such items less frequently in the regions where a great many of them were made. Although much work has been done on the origins and early practitioners of the craft of mould-blowing, few actual vessels have been recorded in the eastern Mediterranean and Middle East. So it is pleasing that I am able to add to the list a fine example in the Gaziantep Museum.Hexagonal flask. 1st century A.D. Translucent cobalt blue glass. Blown in a three-part mould. Flat bottom. Cylindrical neck with everted rim, lip folded inward. (Fig. 1 and Pl. XIX/a–c).Exact find-spot not recorded; acquired by purchase in the Gaziantep region. No registration number by October 1984.Height 7·8 cm. Diameter of bottom 2·4 cm.
Nearchus the Cretan and the Foundation of Cretopolis
Authors: Sekunda Nicholas Victor 
Published: January 2007

The clarification of when and in what circumstances the various Hellenistic cities of Pisidia were founded is an important undertaking. Through the microcosm of Pisidia, such study throws valuable light upon the way in which Anatolia became hellenized. Pisidia is especially important because at the beginning of the Hellenistic period the Pisidians were hardly touched by either hellenism or urbanism. They were bellicose raiders who constituted a threat to their more urbanised neighbours. Many of the cities of Hellenistic Pisidia seem to have been established with the deliberate intention of pacifying the region.In a recent issue ofAnatolian StudiesStephen Mitchell dealt with, among others, the Pisidian city of Cretopolis. Cretopolis is of interest for several reasons, in particular because it seems to be one of the earliest military foundations of the Hellenistic period, and because the name informs us that the city was settled by Cretans. Cretans were frequently employed as mercenaries throughout the Hellenistic period, but in antiquity, as in more recent periods, Cretans made very reluctant colonists. There are very few individual Cretans attested as colonists in Egypt or elsewhere, and very few attested Cretan colonies indeed.
The First Season of Rescue Excavation at Çiftlik (Sinop)
Authors: Hill Stephen 
Published: January 2007

Work commenced in August 1994 on a new archaeological rescue project to survey, excavate and protect the remains of a Classical and Byzantine site at Çiftlik, near Sinop on the Turkish coast of the Black Sea (Pl. XXIX (a)). The work was a collaborative project including staff from the Sinop Museum and the British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara, and staff and students from the University of Warwick. The British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara has adopted this as a new “in-house” project, run in collaboration with Mr. İsmail Tatlıcan, Director of the Sinop Museum.The remains at Çiftlik lie at the mouth of a valley on the west side of the great bay in the Black Sea which runs south of the peninsula on the isthmus on which the city of Sinop stands. The remains of two buildings were studied in 1994. These buildings were originally constructed on silty soil consisting of winter wash material which was deposited at the valley bottom over a long period of time prior to the Classical occupation of the site. The project is very much concerned with rescue, since the coastline in this area is being seriously eroded by the sea. At least 1·5 metres of the church (the south building) has been eroded since 1990, and the low shelf in the water beside what survives has underwater remains from various Classical and Byzantine buildings.
The Theatre-Façade at Sagalassos
Authors: Vandeput Lutgarde 
Published: January 2007

The theatre of Sagalassos lies to the north-east of the city, high up the mountain. It is undoubtedly one of the best preserved monuments on the site (Pl. XXV (a)), although some parts of it have collapsed as a result of successive earthquakes. The southwestern part of the cavea, which was built on artificial substructures, and the free-standing stage building are particularly badly damaged, but even there the blocks still lie scattered in the vicinity and very few pieces are missing. Despite this, opinion concerning the reconstruction of the scaenae frons, and even some details of the cavea, differs widely (see below).During the 1991 season at Sagalassos we started a study of the building and its decoration. Even though this has not been completed, some results have already arisen, which I would like to discuss in this article. A close examination of the fallen blocks of the stage building, gave clear indications for the reconstruction of the scaenae frons. Their decoration supplies clues for the dating of the monument. New study of the theatre façade allows a one-stage reconstruction, as proposed originally by G. Niemann in Ch. Lanckoronski's work concerning the cities of Pisidia and not the two storeys, proposed by D. de Bernardi Ferrero, and a date in the last quarter of the second century A.D.
The Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia (1992) Mastaura Kalesi: a Preliminary Report
Authors: Barnes Hugh , Whittow Mark 
Published: January 2007

1992 was the first season of the Oxford University/British Institute of Archaeology at Ankara Survey of Medieval Castles of Anatolia. Over the next five years it is planned to survey and record in as much detail as practicable five Byzantine castles in the area of the Büyük and Küçük Menderes river systems in western Turkey. The five castles will eventually be published in a single monograph where they can be discussed as a group and placed in their historical and geographical context. An annual preliminary report will appear inAnatolian Studies, which we hope will serve as a forum to test ideas, raise problems, and encourage other historians and archaeologists to suggest further ways of obtaining the most from these sites.The five sites—indicated on Fig. 1—areMastaura kalesi(near Bozyurt, in Aydın ili, Nazilli ilçesi, merkez bucağı);Yılanlı kalesi(on the side of the Boz dağ near Kemer in İzmir ili, Ödemiş. ilçesi, Birgi bucağı);Çardak kalesi(near Çardak in Denizli ili, Çardak ilçesi, merkez bucağı);Yöre kalesi(near Yöre köy in Aydın ili, Kuyucak ilçesi, Pamukören bucağı); andUlubey kalesi(on the Kazancı deresi near Ulubey in Uşak ili, Ulubey ilçesi). None has received more than brief notice before; none has been planned or studied in any detail. They have been chosen to cover the whole period of Byzantine rule in the area from the seventh century to the early fourteenth, and a variety of the different types and functions of Byzantine castles. Yılanlı is possibly a late seventh-century fortress, built in the context of the Arab attempts to take Constantinople and the consequent struggle to control the western coastlands of Asia Minor. Çardak appears to have been built between the seventh and the ninth century principally to act as a look-out point in the Byzantine defensive system against Arab raids.