bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Majority of Men with Lifelong Premature Ejaculation Prefer Daily Drug Treatment: An Observation Study in a Consecutive Group of Dutch Men
Authors: Waldinger Marcel D. , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Olivier Berend , Schweitzer Dave H. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Whether men with lifelong premature ejaculation (PE) prefer on-demand drug treatment to delay ejaculation time to daily drug treatment, has never been studied as a separate study question.

Aim
To study how men with lifelong PE feel about the use of serotonergic antidepressants, and which option they would prefer for themselves: either a daily drug, a drug to be used on demand, or a topical anesthetic cream to be applied on demand.

Main Outcome Measures
Treatment preference was determined by questionnaire.

Methods
An observational questionnaire survey in a clinical sample. Preferences of different treatment strategies were queried before and after standard efficacy and safety information.

Results
A consecutive group of 88 men with lifelong PE who decided for themselves to be seen for rapid ejaculation was studied. The age was 37 ± 11 years (mean ± SD), range 18–64 years. None of these men was ever treated for PE and 21% used medication that did not affect sexual performance. Of them, 71 (81%) preferred a drug for daily use, 14 (16%) a drug on demand, while three men preferred topical anesthetic cream. Those men who initially preferred daily treatment did not change their view after standard information about efficacy and side effects, while 9 of 17 men who initially preferred on-demand drug treatment had switched their preferences to daily oral drug usage. Around 60% of men did not care about the nature of the drug, i.e., an antidepressant. The most frequently reported argument to prefer daily drug treatment was that this strategy would have the least effects toward the spontaneity of having sex.

Conclusion
As opposed to agents that must be taken 4–6 hours prior to coitus and with the methods used here, this group of Dutch men with lifelong PE favor uninterrupted daily drug treatment to delay ejaculation mainly because daily treatment guarantees no interference with the spontaneity of having sex.
Long-Term Survival of Inflatable Penile Prostheses: Single Surgical Group Experience with 2,384 First-Time Implants Spanning Two Decades
Authors: Wilson Steven K. , Delk John R. , Salem Emad A. , Cleves Mario A. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Introduction
Long-term revision-free survival, greater than 10 years has never been reported for inflatable penile prostheses. We conducted a historical prospective study to estimate 10 and 15 years survival of first time (virgin) implantations in 2,384 patients with four different models.

Aim
Evaluation of 10- and 15-year mechanical and overall revision-free survival of inflatable penile prostheses.

Main Outcome Measures
Kaplan–Meier product limit method, and comparison using the log rank test, were used to estimate the 10- and 15-year revision-free survival.

Methods
Data were obtained from medical records and patient interviews, entered into a computerized database, and analyzed by a third party. Information included implant type, date, revision history with date, and reason. Fourteen different inflatables were examined. Mentor Alpha 1, Mentor Alpha NB, AMS 700 CX, and AMS 700 Ultrex had usage for an extended period of time. Because of failure times being confounded as a result of prior implants, only virgin implants were examined.

Results
For the entire series, estimated 10-year revision-free survival for all reasons was 68.5% and the 15-year revision-free survival was 59.7%. Freedom from mechanical breakage at 10 years was 79.4%; 15 years was 71.2%. Recent mechanically enhanced models did even better. In 1992, Mentor Alpha added pump reinforcement to forestall mechanical breakage. This improved 10-year survival from 65.3% to 88.6% (P  = 0.0001). In January 2001, AMS CX added a parylene coating to the cylinders that increased 3-year mechanical survival from 88.4 to 97.9% (P  = 0.0002).

Conclusions
This is the first report on long-term reliability of inflatable penile prostheses. We estimated 60% of these virgin implants would survive 15 or more years without revision or extraction. Newer enhanced models are currently available, and our tracking predicts even better long-term survival for these devices.
In Vitro Antiviral Activity of the Novel, Tyrosyl-Based Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 Protease Inhibitor Brecanavir (GW640385) in Combination with Other Antiretrovirals and against a Panel of Protease Inhibitor-Resistant HIV
Authors: Hazen Richard , Harvey Robert , Ferris Robert , Craig Charles , Yates Phillip , Griffin Philip , Miller John , Kaldor Istvan , Ray John , Samano Vincente , Furfine Eric , Spaltenstein Andrew , Hale Michael , Tung Roger , St. Clair Marty , Hanlon Mary , Boone Lawrence 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Brecanavir, a novel tyrosyl-based arylsulfonamide, high-affinity, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease inhibitor (PI), has been evaluated for anti-HIV activity in several in vitro assays. Preclinical assessment of brecanavir indicated that this compound potently inhibited HIV-1 in cell culture assays with 50% effective concentrations (EC
50
s) of 0.2 to 0.53 nM and was equally active against HIV strains utilizing either the CXCR4 or CCR5 coreceptor, as was found with other PIs. The presence of up to 40% human serum decreased the anti-HIV-1 activity of brecanavir by 5.2-fold, but under these conditions the compound retained single-digit nanomolar EC
50
s. When brecanavir was tested in combination with nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the antiviral activity of brecanavir was synergistic with the effects of stavudine and additive to the effects of zidovudine, tenofovir, dideoxycytidine, didanosine, adefovir, abacavir, lamivudine, and emtricitabine. Brecanavir was synergistic with the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine or delavirdine and was additive to the effects of efavirenz. In combination with other PIs, brecanavir was additive to the activities of indinavir, lopinavir, nelfinavir, ritonavir, amprenavir, saquinavir, and atazanavir. Clinical HIV isolates from PI-experienced patients were evaluated for sensitivity to brecanavir and other PIs in a recombinant virus assay. Brecanavir had a <5-fold increase in EC
50
s against 80% of patient isolates tested and had a greater mean in vitro potency than amprenavir, indinavir, lopinavir, atazanavir, tipranavir, and darunavir. Brecanavir is by a substantial margin the most potent and broadly active antiviral agent among the PIs tested in vitro.
Pharmacodynamic Effects of Telavancin against Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Susceptible
Staphylococcus aureus
Strains in the Presence of Human Albumin or Serum and in an In Vitro Kinetic Model
Authors: Odenholt Inga , Löwdin Elisabeth , Cars Otto 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Telavancin is a novel bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with multiple mechanisms of action against gram-positive pathogens. The aim of this study was to describe the dynamics of the antimicrobial effect of telavancin against two strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
(methicillin susceptible and methicillin resistant) in an in vitro kinetic model with simulated human pharmacokinetics. Also, static experiments were performed to determine the rate and extent of killing by telavancin in the presence and absence of human albumin and human serum. Experiments in broth and in nutrient-depleted medium were performed to study the rate and extent of killing by telavancin of bacteria in different growth phases. In the in vitro kinetic model regrowth was noted at 24 h for both strains when exposed to initial concentrations below 5 mg/liter. There was a >3-log
10
killing at all concentrations from 0.5× MIC and above at 24 h both in broth and in the presence of 40-g/liter human albumin. In contrast to the methicillin-susceptible strain, the methicillin-resistant strain in 40-g/liter human albumin showed a regrowth at concentrations of 0.5× MIC and 1× MIC at 24 h. At all the other concentrations >3-log
10
killing was seen at 24 h. Concordant results were seen in 50% human serum. At a target area under the curve/MIC ratio of 50 (corresponding to the human dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight, administered intravenously), >3-log
10
killing was observed at 6 to 8 h. Unlike most antibiotics, telavancin was able to kill both strains in a nongrowing phase.
Metabolic Analysis of
Moraxella catarrhalis
and the Effect of Selected In Vitro Growth Conditions on Global Gene Expression
Authors: Wang Wei , Reitzer Larry , Rasko David A. , Pearson Melanie M. , Blick Robert J. , Laurence Cassie , Hansen Eric J. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The nucleotide sequence from the genome of
Moraxella catarrhalis
ATCC 43617 was annotated and used both to assess the metabolic capabilities and limitations of this bacterium and to design probes for a DNA microarray. An absence of gene products for utilization of exogenous carbohydrates was noteworthy and could be correlated with published phenotypic data. Gene products necessary for aerobic energy generation were present, as were a few gene products generally ascribed to anaerobic systems. Enzymes for synthesis of all amino acids except proline and arginine were present.
M. catarrhalis
DNA microarrays containing 70-mer oligonucleotide probes were designed from the genome-derived nucleotide sequence data. Analysis of total RNA extracted from
M. catarrhalis
ATCC 43617 cells grown under iron-replete and iron-restricted conditions was used to establish the utility of these DNA microarrays. These DNA microarrays were then used to analyze total RNA from
M. catarrhalis
cells grown in a continuous-flow biofilm system and in the planktonic state. The genes whose expression was most dramatically increased by growth in the biofilm state included those encoding a nitrate reductase, a nitrite reductase, and a nitric oxide reductase. Real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analysis was used to validate these DNA microarray results. These results indicate that growth of
M. catarrhalis
in a biofilm results in increased expression of gene products which can function not only in energy generation but also in resisting certain elements of the innate immune response.
Neisserial Outer Membrane Vesicles Bind the Coinhibitory Receptor Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cellular Adhesion Molecule 1 and Suppress CD4
+
T Lymphocyte Function
Authors: Lee Hannah S. W. , Boulton Ian C. , Reddin Karen , Wong Henry , Halliwell Denise , Mandelboim Ofer , Gorringe Andrew R. , Gray-Owen Scott D. 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

Pathogenic
Neisseria
bacteria naturally liberate outer membrane “blebs,” which are presumed to contribute to pathology, and the detergent-extracted outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) from
Neisseria meningitidis
are currently employed as meningococcal vaccines in humans. While the composition of these vesicles reflects the bacteria from which they are derived, the functions of many of their constituent proteins remain unexplored. The neisserial colony opacity-associated Opa proteins function as adhesins, the majority of which mediate bacterial attachment to human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecules (CEACAMs). Herein, we demonstrate that the Opa proteins within OMV preparations retain the capacity to bind the immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif-containing coinhibitory receptor CEACAM1. When CD4
+
T lymphocytes were exposed to OMVs from Opa-expressing bacteria, their activation and proliferation in response to a variety of stimuli were effectively halted. This potent immunosuppressive effect suggests that localized infection will generate a “zone of inhibition” resulting from the diffusion of membrane blebs into the surrounding tissues. Moreover, it demonstrates that OMV-based vaccines must be developed from strains that lack CEACAM1-binding Opa variants.
Role of Outer Surface Protein D in theBorrelia burgdorferiLife Cycle
Authors: Li Xin , Neelakanta Girish , Liu Xianzhong , Beck Deborah S. , Kantor Fred S. , Fish Durland , Anderson John F. , Fikrig Erol 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTBorrelia burgdorferipreferentially induces selected genes in mice or ticks, and studies suggest thatospDis down-regulated in response to host-specific signals. We now directly show thatospDexpression is generally elevated withinIxodes scapulariscompared with mice. We then assessed the importance of OspD throughout the spirochete life cycle by generating OspD-deficientB. burgdorferiand examining the mutant in the murine model of tick-transmitted Lyme borreliosis. The lack of OspD did not influenceB. burgdorferiinfectivity in mice or the acquisition of spirochetes byI. scapularis. OspD adhered to tick gut extracts in vitro, and the OspD-deficientB. burgdorferistrain had a threefold decrease in colonization of the tick gut in vivo. This decrease, however, did not alter subsequent spirochete transmission during a second blood meal. These data suggest thatB. burgdorferican compensate for the lack of OspD in both ticks and mice and that OspD may have a nonessential, secondary, role inB. burgdorferipersistence withinI. scapularis.
Intranasal Immunization with Gal-Inhibitable Lectin plus an Adjuvant of CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Protects against
Entamoeba histolytica
Challenge
Authors: Ivory Catherine P. A. , Chadee Kris 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACT

The development of an effective amebiasis vaccine could improve child health in the developing world, reducing cases of amebic colitis and liver abscess. An ideal vaccine would be comprised of a well-characterized parasite antigen and an adjuvant, which would have high potency while driving the immune response in a Th1 direction. This study describes a mucosal vaccine composed of the
Entamoeba histolytica
galactose/
N
-acetyl-
d
-galactosamine-inhibitable lectin (Gal-lectin) and CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN). The Gal-lectin is a protein involved in parasite virulence and adherence and is known to activate immune cells, while CpG-ODN are known to be potent inducers of type 1-like immune responses. We demonstrated that intranasal administration of the vaccine resulted in strong Gal-lectin-specific Th1 responses and humoral responses. Vaccination induced the production of Gal-lectin-specific T cells and the production of the proinflammatory cytokine gamma interferon. Vaccinated animals had detectable serum anti-Gal-lectin immunoglobulin G (IgG) and stool anti-Gal-lectin IgA capable of blocking parasite adherence to target cells in vitro. One week after immunization, gerbils were challenged intrahepatically with live trophozoites. Vaccinated gerbils had no detectable abscesses after day 5, whereas control gerbils developed larger abscesses. These results show that mucosal vaccination with Gal-lectin and CpG-ODN can induce both systemic and humoral immune responses.
Implication of Quorum Sensing inSalmonella entericaSerovar Typhimurium Virulence: theluxSGene Is Necessary for Expression of Genes in Pathogenicity Island 1
Authors: Choi Jeongjoon , Shin Dongwoo , Ryu Sangryeol 
Published: July 2007

ABSTRACTDespite the fact that the regulatory system sensing density of cell population and its signaling molecule have been identified inSalmonella enterica, the biological significance of this phenomenon termed as quorum sensing remains unknown. In this report, we provide evidence that theluxSgene is necessary forSalmonellavirulence phenotypes. Transcription assays showed that the cell-density-dependent induction of theinvFgene was abolished in aSalmonellastrain with theluxSgene deleted. The effect of theluxSdeletion was also investigated in other InvF-regulated genes expressed fromSalmonellapathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). The decreased expression of SPI-1 genes in the strain withluxSdeleted could be restored by either the addition of a synthetic signal molecule or the introduction of a plasmid copy of theluxSgene. Thus, the reduced expression ofinvFand its regulated genes inSalmonellacells lacking quorum sensing resulted in the attenuation of virulence phenotypes both in vitro and in vivo.
Extremely limited synthesis of long chain polyunsaturates in adults: implications for their dietary essentiality and use as supplements
Authors: Plourde Mélanie , Cunnane Stephen C. 
Published: July 2007

There is considerable interest in the potential impact of several polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in mitigating the significant morbidity and mortality caused by degenerative diseases of the cardiovascular system and brain. Despite this interest, confusion surrounds the extent of conversion in humans of the parent PUFA, linoleic acid or α-linolenic acid (ALA), to their respective long-chain PUFA products. As a result, there is uncertainty about the potential benefits of ALA versus eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Some of the confusion arises because although mammals have the necessary enzymes to make the long-chain PUFA from the parent PUFA, in vivo studies in humans show that ≈5% of ALA is converted to EPA and <0.5% of ALA is converted to DHA. Because the capacity of this pathway is very low in healthy, nonvegetarian humans, even large amounts of dietary ALA have a negligible effect on plasma DHA, an effect paralleled in the ω6 PUFA by a negligible effect of dietary linoleic acid on plasma arachidonic acid. Despite this inefficient conversion, there are potential roles in human health for ALA and EPA that could be independent of their metabolism to DHA through the desaturation – chain elongation pathway.
Methods to quantify intermittent exercises
Authors: Desgorces François-Denis , Sénégas Xavier , Garcia Judith , Decker Leslie , Noirez Philippe 
Published: July 2007

The purpose of this study was to quantify intermittent training sessions using different types of exercise. Strength, sprint, and endurance sessions were performed until exhaustion. These sessions were quantified by the product of duration and heart rate (HR) (i.e., training impulse (TRIMP) and HR-zone methods), by the product of duration and rate of perceived exertion (RPE-based method), and a new method (work endurance recovery (WER)). The WER method aims to determine the level of exercise-induced physiological stress using the ratio of cumulated work – endurance limit, which is associated with the naparian logarithm of the ratio of work–recovery. Each session's effects were assessed using blood lactate, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), RPE, and HR. Because sessions were performed until exhaustion, it was assumed that each session would have a similar training load (TL) and there would be low interindividual variability. Each method was used to compare each of the TL quantifications. The endurance session induced the higher HR response (p < 0.001), the sprint session the higher blood lactate increase (p < 0.001), and the strength session the higher DOMS when compared with sprint (p = 0.007). TLs were similar after WER calculations, whereas the HR- and RPE-based methods showed differences between endurance and sprint (p < 0.001), and between endurance and strength TL (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively). The TLs from WER were correlated to those of the HR-based methods of endurance exercise, for which HR was known to accurately reflect the exercise-induced physiological stress (r = 0.63 and r = 0.64, p < 0.05). In addition, the TL from WER presented low interindividual variability, yet a marked variability was observed in the TLs of HR- and RPE-based methods. As opposed to the latter two methods, WER can quantify varied intermittent exercises and makes it possible to compare the athletes’ TL. Furthermore, WER can also assist in comparing athlete responses to training programs.
Activation of the A1adenosine receptor increases insulin-stimulated glucose transport in isolated rat soleus muscle
Authors: Thong Farah S.L. , Lally Jamie S.V. , Dyck David J. , Greer Felicia , Bonen Arend , Graham Terry E. 
Published: July 2007

The A1adenosine receptor (A1AR) has been suggested to participate in insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle, but the qualitative and quantitative nature of the effect are controversial. We sought to determine if A1AR is expressed in rat soleus muscle and then characterize its role in glucose transport in this muscle. A1AR mRNA and protein expression were determined by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. To examine the role of adenosine in 3-O-methylglucose transport, isolated muscles were exposed to adenosine deaminase and α,β-methylene adenosine diphosphate to remove endogenous adenosine and were left unstimulated (basal) or stimulated with insulin. To assess the functional participation of A1AR in 3-O-methylglucose transport, muscles were incubated with A1-selective agonist and (or) antagonist in the absence of endogenous adenosine and with or without insulin. A1AR mRNA was expressed in soleus muscle and A1AR was present at the plasma membrane. Removal of endogenous adenosine reduced glucose transport in response to 100 μU/mL insulin (~50%). The A1-selective agonist, N6-cyclopentyladenosine, increased submaximal (100 μU/mL) insulin-stimulated glucose transport in a dose-dependent manner (0.001–1.0 μmol/L). This stimulatory effect was inhibited by the A1-selective receptor antagonist 1,3-dipropyl-8-cyclopentylxanthine in a concentration-dependent manner (0.001–1.0 μmol/L). However, neither activation nor inhibition of A1AR altered basal or maximal (10 mU/mL) insulin-stimulated glucose transport. Our results suggest that adenosine contributes ~50% to insulin-stimulated muscle glucose transport by activating the A1AR. This effect is limited to increasing insulin sensitivity, but not to either basal or maximal insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in rat soleus muscle.
The effect of consecutive days of exercise on markers of oxidative stress
Authors: Shing Cecilia M. , Peake Jonathan M. , Ahern Shannon M. , Strobel Natalie A. , Wilson Gary , Jenkins David G. , Coombes Jeff S. 
Published: July 2007

We examined the influence of 3 consecutive days of high-intensity cycling on blood and urinary markers of oxidative stress. Eight highly-trained male cyclists (VO2 max76 ± 4 mL·kg–1·min–1; mean ± SD) completed an interval session (9 exercise bouts lasting 30 s each, at 150% peak power output) on day 1, followed by 2 laboratory-simulated 30 km time trials on days 2 and 3. The cyclists also completed a submaximal exercise trial matched to the interval session for oxygen consumption. Blood was collected pre- and post-exercise for the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS), vitamin E, and the antioxidant enzyme activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, while urine was collected for the determination of allantoin. There were significant increases in plasma MDA concentrations (p < 0.01), plasma TAS (p < 0.01), and urinary allantoin excretion (p < 0.01) following the high-intensity interval session on day 1, whereas plasma vitamin E concentration significantly decreased (p = 0.028). Post-exercise changes in plasma MDA (p = 0.036), TAS concentrations (p = 0.039), and urinary allantoin excretion (p = 0.031) were all significantly attenuated over the 3 consecutive days of exercise, whereas resting plasma TAS concentration was elevated. There were no significant changes in plasma MDA, TAS, or allantoin excretion following submaximal exercise and there were no significant changes in antioxidant enzyme activity over consecutive days of exercise or following submaximal exercise. Consecutive days of high-intensity exercise enhanced resting plasma TAS concentration and reduced the post-exercise increase in plasma MDA concentrations.