bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cytologic imprints of giant atypical bronchopulmonary carcinoid tumor of the lung with extensive oncocytic component
Authors: McIntire Maria , Shah Neha D. , Kim Anthony W. , Gattuso Paolo , Liptay Michael J. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBronchopulmonary carcinoid tumors are found in less than 2 of 100,000 people yearly and comprise approximately 1–2% of all lung neoplasms. They are usually diagnosed in the fifth decade of life and occur more frequently in women. Most are central and endobronchial in location. The symptoms presented are those associated with bronchial obstruction, such as coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea. Over one‐third of patients are asymptomatic and have an incidentally detected peripheral pulmonary nodule. Diagnosis is usually made by bronchoscopy with bronchial brushings or biopsy. We present the cytologic imprint findings of a case of a 66‐year‐old man with an atypical giantbronchopulmonary carcinoid with extensive oncocytic component, who underwent a total right pneumonectomy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
End‐on imaging: A new perspective on dorsoventral development in Drosophila embryos
Authors: Witzberger Melissa M. , Fitzpatrick James A.J. , Crowley Justin C. , Minden Jonathan S. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractDrosophila ventral furrow formation has frequently been used as a model to study developmentally‐regulated cell‐shape changes. However, a technique to follow all cellular changes during this process within a single living embryo has been lacking. We describe a novel technique, called “end‐on imaging”, to collect time‐lapse images of transversely mounted living embryos. End‐on imaging revealed several new features of dorsoventral development. First, we observed a wave of syncytial nuclear divisions predicting the location of the ventral furrow. Second, we determined that there is a 5‐min gap between the end of cellularization and the start of ventral furrow formation, suggesting that the two processes may share the same pool of cytoskeletal components. Lastly, we show that apical‐membrane flattening, the first step in ventral furrow formation, is due to the ventral cells pushing against the vitelline membrane, rather than flattening the dome‐shaped, apical surfaces of these cells by a pulling or constriction motion. Developmental Dynamics 237:3252–3259, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring the timing of snowmelt and the initiation of streamflow using a distributed network of temperature/light sensors
Authors: Lyon Steve W. , Troch Peter A. , Broxton Patrick D. , Molotch Noah P. , Brooks Paul D. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe loss of snow cover and the initiation of streamflow are key triggers for both terrestrial and aquatic biota. Landscape‐scale snowmelt and streamflow dynamics are difficult to estimate, however, because they integrate large spatial extents and can vary rapidly in time. Remotely sensed observations are often temporally discontinuous and point observations lack sufficient spatial density (e.g. point measures from data‐logging piezometers). In this study, we employ inexpensive temperature/light sensors to monitor the distribution of snowmelt and headwater stream discharge as a proxy for hydrological state of the landscape with high spatial and temporal resolution. This study was conducted at the Redondo Peak, a large (local relief over 1100 m) resurgent dome within the caldera complex of the Valles Caldera National Preserve, 30 km west of Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA. The first‐order streams that drain the Redondo Peak encompass the full spectrum of terrain aspects, resulting in significant variability in wind exposure, turbulent and radiative fluxes, snow cover duration, and vegetation structure. Complex interactions between these variables impact groundwater recharge through variations in sublimation, evaporation, and transpiration. To monitor the role this variation plays with respect to spatio‐temporal dynamics of snowmelt and headwater stream discharge, we have installed 128 temperature/light sensors in eight different streambeds draining through unique aspects of the peak. The variation of daily temperature/light levels relative to seasonal change in mean temperature/light levels provides a metric of the spatial distribution of surface waters and snow cover. This metric correctly identified flowing lengths of headwater streams with 80% accuracy during an early summer period (10 May 2007) and 79% of the time in late summer period (2 October 2007). Between these two observation periods, the percentage length of headwater streams flowing decreased by 12%, indicating a general drying of the landscape. On the basis of a conceptual model of a groundwater ‘mound’ within the peak that roughly follows the shape of the land surface, such a metric relates directly to the amount of water in the landscape, providing insight to the complex ecohydrological interactions between snowmelt, rainfall, and vegetative uptake. This serves as a precursor to developing a broader ecohydrological perspective of the interrelationships between ecology and hydrological processes. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mountain ecohydrology: quantifying the role of vegetation in the water balance of montane catchments
Authors: Brooks P. D. , Vivoni Enrique R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThis paper introduces the special issue focused on mountain ecohydrology of the southwestern United States. The papers in this issue present initial results from a multi‐disciplinary observatory effort coordinated by the NSF Science and Technology Center for the Sustainability of Semi‐arid Hydrology and Riparian Areas (SAHRA). These studies contribute to an effort to understand how changes in vegetation affect basin‐scale water balance and water availability, and explicitly address major knowledge gaps in: (1) understanding of the role of vegetation in the partitioning precipitation into evaporation, sublimation, transpiration, soil moisture, streamflow and recharge, and (2) the ability to represent process understanding, obtained at the plant or plot scale, at the scale of catchments or basins. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New Bis(amino)cyclodiphosph(III)azane Complexes of Aluminum
Authors: Rastätter Marcus , Roesky Peter W. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe reaction of the bis(amino)cyclodiphosph(III)azane cis‐{(tBuNH)2(PNtBu)2} with AlEt3, AlBrEt2, AlBr2Et, and AlBr3 was investigated. The less Lewis acidic compound AlEt3 forms the adduct cis‐[(tBuNH)2(PNtBu){P(·AlEt3)NtBu}], in which the aluminum atom is exclusively coordinated to one phosphorus atom. No ethane elimination was observed. By using the more Lewis acidic compounds AlBr2Et and AlBr3 the N‐coordinated complexes cis‐[(tBuNH)(PNtBu)(tBuN·AlBr2Et){P(H)NtBu}] and cis‐[(tBuNH)(PNtBu)(tBuN·AlBr3){P(H)NtBu}] were obtained, in which the aluminum atoms are N‐coordinated by a tBuN=PH unit. Upon coordination of the aluminum compounds, a concomitant 1,2‐H shift from the nitrogen atom onto the phosphorus atom within the cis‐{(tBuNH)2(PNtBu)2} ligand was observed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids by Umpolung of Weinreb Amide Enolates
Authors: Hirner Sebastian , Kirchner Donata K. , Somfai Peter 
Published: October 2008

AbstractAn efficient and diastereoselective synthesis of α‐amino acids from readily available starting materials has been developed. The key feature of this reaction is an umpolung of a glycine‐derived enolate, providing an alternative approach for the synthesis of α‐amino acids. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Synthesis of Two Tetra‐ and Four Pentasaccharide Fragments of Shigella flexneri Serotypes 3a and X O‐Antigens from a Common Tetrasaccharide Intermediate
Authors: Boutet Julien , Mulard Laurence A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRelying on trichloroacetimidate chemistry, six tetra‐ and pentasaccharide fragments of the {2)‐[α‐D‐Glcp‐(1→3)]‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→2)‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐[Ac→2]‐α‐L‐Rhap‐(1→3)‐β‐D‐GlcpNAc‐(1→}n ((E)ABAcCD)n polymer were synthesized as their propyl glycosides by use of a common fully protected (E)ABAcC intermediate (9). Tetrasaccharide 9 derived from the condensation of an EA donor and a BAcC acceptor. Partial and full deprotection gave free tetrasaccharides (E)ABAcC and (E)ABC, respectively. Alternatively, 9 was converted into a trichloroacetimidate donor, which provided linear pentasaccharides (E)ABAcCD and (E)ABCD, following a reaction with a D acceptor and subsequent partial or total deprotection, respectively. Additionally, the selective removal of the 2A‐levulinoyl protecting group in 9 allowed for chain elongation at this position. The glycosylation of the resulting acceptor with a D donor, and subsequent partial or total deprotection, gave branched pentasaccharides D(E)ABAcC and D(E)ABC. All targets are parts of the O‐antigen of Shigella flexneri 3a, a prevalent serotype. Non‐O‐acetylated oligosaccharides are shared by the S. flexneri serotype X O‐antigen. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Silver‐Catalyzed, Manganese‐Mediated Allylation and Benzylation Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Barczak Nicholas T. , Jarvo Elizabeth R. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractSilver bromide catalyzes Barbier‐type allylation of aldehydes and ketones using unactivated manganese powder. Aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes and ketones react, and aryl chlorides, nitriles, electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing groups are tolerated. Benzylation using benzyl bromide also proceeds smoothly under these reaction conditions. Preliminary mechanistic studies are consistent with the formation a nucleophilic allylmetal intermediate. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Model averaging to combine simulations of future global vegetation carbon stocks
Authors: Butler Adam , Doherty Ruth M. , Marion Glenn 
Published: October 2008

AbstractWe quantify the impact of climate model uncertainty upon predictions of future vegetation carbon stocks, for the period up to 2100, generated by a dynamic global vegetation model (DGVM) under a particular emissions scenario (SRES A2). Deterministic simulations are generated from the Lund‐Potsdam‐Jena (LPJ) model using climatic inputs derived from nine general circulation models (GCMs). Simulated changes between 1961–1990 and 2070–2099 range from +26 to +133 gtC, and are in broadly good agreement with those obtained in a recent previous study using the LPJ model. Simulated values for the 20th century are also obtained by running LPJ with observed climate data, and this provides a baseline against which the other runs can be compared. Time series regression models are used to analyse the discrepancies between each of the GCM‐based simulations and the baseline simulation, and a novel form of model averaging—in which we average not only across GCM‐based simulations but also across models for each discrepancy—is then used to combine these into a single probabilistic projection for global stocks of vegetation carbon. Weights for the regression models are estimated in a simple post hoc way using the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), and the weights for the GCMs are either estimated in the same way or else fixed to be equal. Estimating the GCM weights leads the predictions to be dominated by a single climate model and hence produces narrow predictive distributions. If GCMs are weighted equally then the predictive distributions are much more diffuse and span the full range of simulated values. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Review: Alternative energy from food processing wastes
Authors: Digman Brett , Kim Dong‐Shik 
Published: October 2008

AbstractFood processes generate large amounts of various waste types. The environmental impact of these wastes is generally high if disposed untreated due to their high BOD and COD contents. By utilizing the high potential energy available in food processing wastes, sustainable energy can be obtained while reducing the waste disposal costs and impact on the environment. According to the unique compositions of various food processing wastes, proper conversion methods must be selected to optimize the economic and environmental benefits. In this review, food processing wastes are categorized in six groups, and various energy conversion technologies are addressed in association with them. Future direction for better utilizing food process wastes in alternative energy generation is also suggested. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 2008
Prognostic factors in malignancy of the minor salivary glands
Authors: Loh Kwok Seng , Barker Emma , Bruch Guillem , O'Sullivan Brian , Brown Dale H. , Goldstein David P. , Gilbert Ralph W. , Gullane Patrick J. , Irish Jonathan C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundThe purpose of this study was to identify prognostic factors associated with minor salivary gland malignancies.MethodThis was a retrospective study of 171 patients. Statistical analysis of both clinical and pathological parameters with survival outcomes was performed.ResultsAdenoid cystic carcinoma (46.8%), mucoepidermoid carcinoma (22.8%), and adenocarcinoma (18.7%) were the most common pathologies. The most frequent sites of primary tumor were in the oral cavity (44.4%) and nasal cavity (40.4%). The 5‐year and 10‐year overall survivals were 73.8% and 58.1%. Disease‐specific survivals (DSS) were 78.2% and 66.7% and disease‐free survivals (DFS) were 64.8% and 47.5%, respectively. Local recurrence rate was 26.9%, regional recurrence 7%, and distant failure was 18.7%. The grade of tumor was the only factor associated with DSS on multivariate analysis.ConclusionOverall and DSS of minor salivary gland malignancies were good. Surgery, either alone or in combination with radiation, was an efficacious treatment modality. High‐grade tumors were associated with worse DSF. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the sinonasal tract
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ping , Chang Yih‐Leong , Ting Lai‐Lei , Yang Tsung‐Lin , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundSinonasal malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) is rare.MethodsTwenty‐five patients were registered with a diagnosis of sinonasal MFH at our hospital in the past 30 years. Clinical data were retrospectively reviewed.ResultsEight tumors were primary MFH and 17 tumors were post‐irradiated MFH, located within the radiation field for previous nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Twenty‐one tumors originated from the maxillary sinus, 3 from the nasopharynx, and 1 from the nasal cavity. Twenty‐three patients underwent surgery but only 12 tumors were removed completely. The 5‐year overall and disease‐free survival rates were 25.1% and 21.5%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that previous radiation was the only adverse prognostic factor for disease‐free survival (p = .045). The 5‐year disease‐free survival rates of primary MFH and post‐irradiated MFH were 72.9% and 0%.ConclusionIn this series, post‐irradiated MFH was more common than primary MFH. The prognosis of post‐irradiated MFH is poor, whereas primary MFH is fair. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Postradiotherapy neck dissection for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Pattern of pathologic residual carcinoma and prognosis
Authors: Lango Miriam N. , Andrews Genevieve A. , Ahmad Sidrah , Feigenberg Steven , Tuluc Madalina , Gaughan John , Ridge John A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractBackgroundFor patients with head and neck cancer who were treated using primary radiotherapeutic approaches, the pattern of pathologic residual carcinoma in the neck dissection specimen and its effect on clinical outcome remains unknown.MethodsMedical records of 65 patients who underwent 71 neck dissections a median 7 weeks after radiotherapy were reviewed. Median follow‐up was 33 months.ResultsResidual cancer, identified in 28 patients (43%), diminished locoregional control (p = .018), recurrence‐free (p = .018), and overall survival (p = .02). Thirteen patients (20%) had 2 or more pathologically involved lymph nodes. Nine (13%) involved level V. Four (6%) had pathologic involvement of nodal levels not clinically involved by cancer before treatment. In N2‐3 patients with positive pathologic specimens, the presence of these factors diminished recurrence‐free survival (p = .01). The outcome of patients with pathologic carcinoma but without such ominous factors approached those with negative pathology.ConclusionsFor patients with residual carcinoma in the neck following radiation, the pattern of residual disease is an effective predictor of recurrence © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
Using controlled clinical trials to learn more about acute drug-induced liver injury
Authors: Watkins Paul B. , Seligman Paul J. , Pears John S. , Avigan Mark I. , Senior John R. 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is of major interest to hepatologists and clinicians in general, patients, government regulators, and the pharmaceutical industry. Understanding why this form of injury occurs only in certain individuals has major implications for the development and availability of drug therapies and in the prevention of these events. A single controlled clinical trial may be unlikely to show cases of such rare events, but in the aggregate, clinical trials offer a unique resource for learning more about individual susceptibility and developing truly predictive new biomarkers for DILI. We pose the question as to whether clinical trials could be modified or improved to provide data that would better answer some of the outstanding issues. At a recent (March 2008) public meeting, experts from academia, industry, and regulatory bodies discussed several major issues regarding liver safety in clinical trials including: what signals of liver injury should justify stopping administration of study drug or allowing it to continue; if deliberate rechallenge should be done and under what circumstances; whether patients with liver disease should be included in clinical trials; and what kinds of new biomarkers will be needed to answer these questions more clearly. Past clinical trials have not provided data to settle those issues, and reliance has defaulted to consensus of expert opinions. Modified and better clinical trials with standardized collection of data and biospecimens are probably the best source of new and potentially valuable information to supplant current rules based on consensus of expert opinions and to understand by what mechanisms and how to distinguish those individuals who are susceptible to severe DILI. (Hepatology 2008.)
Sexual behavior modulates contextual fear memory through dopamine D1/D5 receptors
Authors: Bai Hua‐Yi , Cao Jun , Liu Na , Xu Lin , Luo Jian‐Hong 
Published: October 2008

AbstractTraumatic events always lead to aversive emotional memory, i.e., fear memory. In contrast, positive events in daily life such as sex experiences seem to reduce aversive memory after aversive events. Thus, we hypothesized that post‐traumatic pleasurable experiences, especially instinctive behaviors such as sex, might modulate traumatic memory through a memory competition mechanism. Here, we first report that male rats persistently expressed much lower fear responses when exposed to females, but not when exposed to males, for 24 h immediately after contextual fear conditioning. Remarkably, this effect of sexual behavior was blocked by either systemic or intrahippocampal injection of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist R(+)‐7‐chloro‐8‐hydroxy‐3‐methyl‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine hydrochloride (SCH23390) and was mimicked by systemic but not intrahippocampal injection of the D1/D5 receptor agonist R(+)‐1‐phenyl‐2,3,4,5‐tetrahydro‐1H‐3‐benzazepine‐7,8‐diol hydrochloride (SKF39393). Furthermore, as a candidate mechanism underlying contextual fear memory, the impaired induction of hippocampal long‐term potentiation (LTP) elicited by conditioned fear was rescued in male rats immediately exposed to female but not male rats for 24 h. Systemic injection of the dopamine D1/D5 receptor antagonist SCH23390 or agonist SKF38393 prevented or mimicked the effect of sexual behavior on the impaired induction of hippocampal LTP. Thus, our finding suggests that dopaminergic functions may, at least partially, govern competition between contextual fear and enjoyable memories through the modulation of hippocampal LTP. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Alternating low frequency stimulation of medial septal and commissural fibers induces NMDA‐dependent, long‐lasting potentiation of hippocampal synapses in urethane‐anesthetized rats
Authors: Habib Diala , Dringenberg Hans C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractRecent evidence indicates that some synapses exhibit long‐lasting synaptic potentiation in response to low frequency (1 Hz) stimulation, similar to long‐term potentiation (LTP) following high frequency induction protocols. Here, the authors characterize a form of long‐lasting synaptic potentiation in the hippocampal CA1 area following alternating, single pulse stimulation of the medial septum (MS) and hippocampal CA3 commissural fibers (MS‐H LTP). In urethane‐anesthetized rats, alternating single pulse stimulation of the MS and CA3 (50 pulses each at 0.5 Hz, 1,000 ms interstimulus interval [ISI]) produced gradual increases of field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) amplitude in CA1 (∼123% of baseline), while MS or CA3 stimulation alone was ineffective. The fEPSP enhancement was long‐lasting (>4h) and repeated episodes of alternating MS‐CA3 stimulation tended to result in greater levels of potentiation than those elicited by a single episode. Surprisingly, ISIs of 500, 750, and 1,500 ms did not result in significant changes in fEPSP amplitude, while an ISI of 100 ms produced synaptic depression. MS‐H LTP was resistant to systemic administration of nicotinic and muscarinic receptor antagonists (scopolamine, mecamylamine), but abolished by systemic MK‐801 (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) or local CA1 application of AP‐V (10 mM), indicative of a critical role of hippocampal NMDA receptors in this effect. Paired‐pulse facilitation experiments revealed a gradually developing, significant inverse correlation between fEPSP enhancement and decrease in paired‐pulse facilitation ratio, suggesting a role of changes in presynaptic transmitter release. Together, these data demonstrate a novel form of long‐lasting synaptic enhancement in CA1 neurons in response to low frequency activity in separate afferent systems, an activity that might mimic some aspects of natural discharge patterns during the acquisition or consolidation of memory processes in hippocampal circuits. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Primary twin ovarian pregnancy: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Garg Mandeep Kumar , Vyas Sameer , Gulati Ajay , Galwa Ram Prakash , Khandelwal Niranjan 
Published: October 2008

AbstractPrimary twin ovarian pregnancy is extremely rare. We present one such case in a 25‐year‐old primigravida who complained of lower abdominal pain and mild vaginal bleeding at 8 weeks after her last menstrual period. Transvaginal sonography revealed an empty uterus and presence of a gestational sac containing 2 dead embryos in the right ovary. The patient underwent unilateral oophorectomy, and histologic studies confirmed a uniovular‐diamniotic ovarian pregnancy. A brief review of the literature revealed that primary ovarian pregnancy may occur without any classical antecedent risk factors, and endovaginal sonography can be useful to establish early preoperative diagnosis of ectopic ovarian pregnancy. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 2009