bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Self-diffusion of Surface Active Agents in Nylon
Authors: Hayashi Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The self-diffusion rates of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid in nylon containing various amounts of each solute and their temperature dependence were measured by the surface radioactivity decrease method using 35S and 36Cl.
From the experimental results, it has become clear that the diffusion of the solute in nylon is important in the process towards the attainment of sorption equilibrium of these substances by nylon, and in this case the presence of water in nylon is necessary for the diffusion to take place appreciably. The diffusion coefficients were much smaller than those in their aqueous solutions.
The diffusion rates of the surface active agents depended little on the concentration in nylon compared with those of the inorganic acids. The diffusion rates of sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid depended largely on their concentration in nylon. This will be due to a difference of the mechanism of diffusion between the former and the latter.
The activation energies of SDS and sulfuric acid for diffusion were considerably great and approximated to those of many substances in solid.
Investigation on Mixed Complexes. IV. The Formation of a Mixed Complex by Reaction of Tetracyanoniccolate(II) with Bis-(dithiooxalato)-niccolate(II)
Authors: Kida Sigeo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been concluded, by the spectrophotometric method, that 1) potassium bis-(dithiooxalato)-niccolate(II) and potassium tetracyanoniccolate(II) react in solution to form a mixed complex, [Ni(C2S2O2)(CN)2]2−, 2) in the case of palladium(II) and platinum(II), bis-(dithiooxalato)- and tetracyano- complexes do not react in solution, unlike the case of nickel (II), and 3) the dithiooxalate ion in the complex, [Pt(C2S2O2)2]2−, is replaced by the cyanide ion in solution, the tetracyanoplatinate(II) ion being formed, but the formation of the mixed complex, such as [Pt(C2S2O2)(CN)2]2−, is not certain.
The Kinetics of Substitution Reactions Involving Metal Complexes. IV. Reaction between Lead and Zinc-Ethylenediaminetetraacetate Complexes in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The kinetic study of the substitution reaction of lead ions and zinc-EDTA complexs in acetate buffer solutions has been carried out with the same procedure as that reported previously. Under the experimental conditions, the reaction is found to proceed simultaneously through three different reaction paths, and the rate constants for three elementary reactions of those reaction paths are determined at ionic strength 0.2 at 15 and 25°C. The heats of activation and the entropies of activation for the three elementary reactions are calculated.
Effect of Ionization on the Behavior of Insoluble Monolayers
Authors: Ikeda Shoichi , Isemura Toshizo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of salt on ionized monolayers is treated with a model of “surface phase”, in which ionized groups of monolayers are dissolved uniformly. To obtain the distribution of diffusible ions between the surface and bulk phases, the method of membrane equilibrium and the λ-approximation are employed. The former method is a special case of the latter. The contribution of ionization to surface pressure is calculated thermodynamically. The results derived from the former method are found to be in complete agreement with those derived from the theory of diffuse double layer, if the thickness of surface phase is chosen as 2/κ and the electric potential of ionized groups is twice as high as the membrane potential. On examining two typically different monolayers, the former method reveals some contradiction, although it explains experimental data qualitively. The latter method, which is more general, can overcome the difficulty and gives reasonable values for surface pressure of an expanded monolayer. It is found, however, that even the λ-approximation is still unsatisfactory to describe the behavior of ionized monolayers in the range of area with which they are ordinarily concerned.
On Solvolysis of α-Phosphorus(V) Oxide
Authors: Shima Masako , Hamamoto Kazue , Utsumi Seiichiro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
1. α-Phosphorus(V) oxide was allowed to react with water, with ethanol or acetone, both dry or mixed with water by adding the powder crystal directly into these liquids. The oxide was also brought in contact with water after being dispersed in diethyl ether or benzene mechanically.
2. The main final hydrolysis products formed in the following cases were tetrametaphosphoric acid by direct action of a large quantity of water, pyrophosphoric acid by anhydrous ethanol, tripolyphosphoric acid by ethanol with a low water content, and highpolyphosphoric acid by anhydrous acetone. Quick contact with water after the oxide has been dispersed in ether or benzene leads to the formation of a larger amount of tetrametaphosphoric acid when these solvents were dry, while the formation of an increased amount of highpolyphosphoric acid was the result when they contained trace quantities of water initially.
3. Separation, identification and estimation of various condensed phosphate species were executed by paper chromatography and colorimetric analysis.
4. Reaction mechanisms were postulated to explain these results. Special attention was given to the solvolytic opening of P–O–P linkages and the accompanying condensation process of phosphate radicals.
Behavior of Some Impurities in the Electro-refining of Iron
Authors: Oka Shumpei , Mukaibo Takashi , Aikawa Hirokazu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phosphate ions were found to deposit themselves on the cathode like a cation. This phenomenon suggests the formation of a complex ion which has positive charges. The results on sulfur confirms the importance of washing which was pointed out by Schafer and Harr in achieving low values of total sulfur in the deposited metal. Silver was eliminated effectively by electrolysis, but it will be still difficult to remove zinc from iron by electrolysis.
Chemical Behaviors of the Intermediates Produced during the Reductive Photobleaching of Eosin in the Evacuated Alcoholic Solution
Authors: Uchida Kengo , Kato Shunji , Koizumi Masao 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of the addition of isopentane, n-hexane, benzene, cyclohexene, n-hexene and cyclooctatetraene was examined upon the rate of the reductive photobleaching of eosine in the evacuated alcoholic solution. It was found that the saturated hydrocarbons, benzene and COT retard the reaction more or less, COT being most prominent in its effect, while the hydrocarbons with a single double bond (cyclohexene and n-hexene) act, contrary to the authors’ expectation, as the promotors of the bleaching. The retarding effect of the first group was interpreted to be due to the deactivation of the T-state of dye ion by the added substances, but the promoting action of the second group could not be accounted for rationally on the basis of the above scheme. To fit the present results, therefore, a modified scheme was newly proposed in which a certain kind of molecular complex between Dt and RH is formed prior to DH.
Surface Tension and Spinnability of Molten Poly-ε-capramide
Authors: Ogata Naoya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Surface tension of molten ε-caprolactam and poly-ε-capramide has been measured by the method of maximum bubble pressure. Surface tension of ε-caprolactam at 252°C is 18 dyn./cm. and it is 16 dyn./cm. smaller than that of ε-aminocaproic acid (34 dyn./cm.). It is estimated from the Ramsay-Shields’ equation that the critical temperature of ε-caprolactam is 463°C. Surface tension of poly-ε-capramide of the polymerization degree \barP is given by the following equation.
γ=10^(0.0022\barP+1.53)+0.06(257-t)
The thread length of molten poly-ε-capramide has been measured by pulling up a glass stick and is represented by the following equation, where L (cm.) is thread length, R0 (cm.) radius of a glass stick, μ (poise) melt viscosity, γ (dyn./cm.) surface tension and V (cm./sec.) pulling rate:
L=4.13R_0(μV/γ)^1/2
Rapid Colorimetric Determination of Mercury by Tin(II)-Strong Phosphoric Acid Reduction Method
Authors: Kiba Toshiyasu , Akaza Ikuko , Kinoshita Osamu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A simple and rapid method for the determination of a minute amount of mercury in organic and inorganic compounds was established. This method uses the powerful decomposing and reducing power of tin(II)-strong phosphoric acids. In this method the sample is heated with the regent in the round bottomed flask in a current of carbon dioxide. The mercury vapor evolved is carried with the carbon dioxide into an absorbing vessel which is a separatory funnel containing 10 ml. of 0.1 n potassium permangnate solution and 10 ml. of 10% sulfuric acid. The mercury vapor is oxidized again to mercuric state and the ion is determined colorimetrically by the usual dithizone-chloroform method. After extracting the mercuric dithizonate with chloroform, the absorbancy of the organic layer is measured by a photeolectric colorimeter with a 517 mμ filter. Some organic compounds containing mercury and some inorganic mercuric compounds as mercuric chloride and mercuric and mercuric oxide were analyzed by this method in extremely low concentrations, and satisfactory results were obtained. This method may be applied to various kinds of samples without special pre-treatment.
Effect of Cupric Ion on Oxidation of Benzene Aqueous Solution by Cobalt-60 Gamma-rays
Authors: Hotta Hiroshi , Terakawa Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effect of a cupric ion on the radiolysis of benzene aqueous solution can be interpreted by the following reactions of a cuprous ion produced in reaction Cu2++H=Cu++H+. That is, the larger yield of phenol than GW(OH) in the presence of oxygen is due to the increment of OH radical by reaction Cu++H2O2=Cu2++OH−+OH, and no precipitation in the absence of oxygen is due to re-hydrogenation by reactions Ph+Cu+=Ph−+Cu2+ and Ph−+H+=PhH, respectively.
Studies on Thixotropy. I. On the Thixotropic Gelation Process
Authors: Watanabe Takehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) In this system, in which the form of dispersed particles is plate- or rod-like, the thixotropic gelation generally proceeds in two steps.
(2) During the first step of thixotropic gel formation, a loose gel structure may be developed and a rigid gel structure in the second step.
(3) In the case of bentonite, the structural unit which contributes to the yield value of the gel in the first step is cross-linkage and that of the second is linear ribbon.
(4) In the case of vanadium pentoxide, the structural unit is cross-linkage both in the first and in the second step.
Catalytic Activity for Methanol Synthesis of Zinc Oxide-Chromium Oxide-Copper Oxide Catalysts and its Structural Dependency
Authors: Ogino Yoshisada , Oba Masaaki , Uchida Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A preparative procedure in which copper oxide is introduced into the catalyst by a different way from the usual ones has presented the catalyst of high catalytic activity for the methanol synthesis. The catalyst owes its high catalytic activity to three structural factors, namely, a high catalyst bed density, a larger extent of specific surface area, and a great amount of oxygen loosely bond in catalyst oxides, among which the first factor plays the most important role. The last is effective in improving the specific catalytic activity based on unit surface area, and is in a close relation to the two states, A and B, of different catalytic activities.
The Formation Constants of Metal Acetate Complexes. II. Polarographic Determination of the Formation Constants of Acetatocopper(II), Acetatolead(II) and Acetatozinc(II) Complexes
Authors: Tanaka Nobuyuki , Kato Kiyoko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A new procedure for the determination of the formation constants of metal acetate complexes was developed. The procedure is based on the polarographic measurements of the sum of the equilibrium concentrations of the hydrated metal ions and the metal acetate complexes in the presence of an appropriate auxiliary complex forming substance and of the reference metal ions of which the formation constants of acetate complexes are known.
The procedure was applied to the study of acetatocopper(II), acetatolead(II) and acetatozinc(II) complexes, EDTA being used as an auxiliary complex forming substance. The overall formation constants KM(OAc)n (n=1 and 2) for these metal acetate complexes were determined at an ionic strength of 0.2 at 15, 25 and 35°C.
Studies on Thixotropy. II. On the Thixotropic Gel Structure of Bentonite
Authors: Watanabe Takehiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) Discussions are carried out on the structure of the thixotropic gel of bentonite on the basis of the relation between the gel strength and the concentration, and the steric conditions of the junction point between two particles participating in structure.
(2) The gel strength is determined by the particular group of particles in the structure which acts as the structural unit.
(3) The particle group which plays the part of the structural unit is not limited to one kind but more than one may coexist in a system. The gel strength is determined by one kind of the particle groups according to the experimental method used.
(4) The structure of the thixotropic gel of bentonite is classified into two types according to the mode of association between particles. One of them is the structure in which linear ribbons, which act as structural units, are formed by the aligned particles linking each other at one point. The other is the structure in which linear ribbons are formed by the particles linking at two or more points on one straight line.
Chemisorption of Hydrogen on Zinc Oxide. II. Rate of Chemisorption and Heterogeneity of the Surface of Zinc Oxide
Authors: Kubokawa Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
With respect to hydrogen chemisorption on zinc oxide, the dependence of adsorption rate on pressure and temperature was determined by an abrupt change of pressure or temperature during adsorption. The pressure dependence obtained on increasing pressure differed markedly from that on decreasing pressure, indicating that desorption can not be neglected. The apparent activation energy of slow chemisorption increased from 6 to 15 kcal./mol. as the temperature range becomes higher. Marked differences were found between the rates corresponding to equal amounts adsorbed in the two experiments where the times of contact with hydrogen were different. On the basis of these results, combined with the variation of activation energy of desorption with the amount adsorbed previously, it was shown that for this system the concept of the two types of chemisorption on a uniform surface can not be applied. Instead a postulate of a heterogeneous surface where the activation energy of adsorption and the heat of adsorption varies in the same direction was found to be able to explain all the results obtained.
Carbon Monoxide Chemisorption on Zinc Oxide
Authors: Kubokawa Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rates of adsorption and desorption, and the adsorption equilibrium for carbon monoxide chemisorption on zinc oxide were measured over a wide range of temperatures as in the previous study of hydrogen chemisorption on zinc oxide. The behavior of desorption indicated the existence of two types of chemisorption; the non-activated type and the activated type. For the former type the heat of adsorption was estimated as 10∼12 kcal./mol. from the adsorption isotherms, in agreement with the activation energy of desorption. The considerable fraction of the latter type was reversible, i.e. desorbed as such. For this type, the activation energy of adsorption increased with the adsorbed amount from 5 to 16kcal./mol., and the rate was proportional to P0.8∼0.9. Moreover, the heat of adsorption obtained from the adsorption isotherms ranged from 25 to 38 kcal./mol., in fair agreement with those estimated from the activation energy of adsorption and desorption. The behavior of desorption suggested the predominance of surface heterogeneity, the nature of which was such that the activation energy of adsorption and the heat of adsorption varied conversely to each other.
The Aconite Alkaloids, XXXIII. On Lucidusculine. III
Authors: Amiya Takashi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The alkaloid lucidusculine was oxidized by hydrogen peroxide and also by perbenzoic acid to lucidusculine N-oxide. The N-oxide could be converted back into the original base by reduction. Oxidation of the alkaloid with N-bromosuccinimide afforded dehydrolucidusculine which was also produced by transformation of lucidusculine N-oxide. Dehydrolucidusculine seems to be a cyclic carbinolamine internal ether. The action of bromine on the alkaloid was noticeable and gave bromoanhydrolucidusculine hydrobromide which was probably obtained from the intermediate dibromide with loss of one mole each of water and hydrogen bromide. Chromium trioxide-pyridine complex oxidized lucidusculine to an amino acid which, on methylation with diazomethane, gave a methyl ester. From these experimental results, the previously proposed partial formula of lucidusculine was further extended.
Ternary Liquid Equilibria in System n-Heptane-Thiophene-Liquid Ammonia. New Tie Line Correlation
Authors: Ishida Kiyoharu 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Phase equilibria for the system n-heptane-thiophene-liquid ammonia has been determined at temperatures of 0 and 20°C. A new method has been proposed which correlates tie line data in such a manner that a straight line is obtained for most systems including solutropic systems.
Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate Initiated by a Combined Action of p-Tolylsulfonylacetic Acid and Dimethylaniline
Authors: Uehara Ryoichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
It has been found that the polymerization of methyl methacrylate is initiated by the system of p-tolylsulfonylacetic acid and dimethylaniline.
An Interpretation of the Elovich Equation for the Rate of Chemisorption on the Basis of Surface Heterogeneity
Authors: Kubokawa Yutaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
For the heterogeneous surface where the distribution function was variable and/or desorption could not be neglected, the rate of adsorption was derived and the physical meaning of constant b in the Elovich equation was given. It was shown that in complicated case the Elovich equation is expected to apply only approximately in a limited range of coverage. The variation in constant b with pressure or temperature was qualitatively explained in terms of the concept that on changing pressure or temperature, different sets of sites are covered and/or the contribution of desorption in adsorption rate measurements, is altered. The chemisorption of hydrogen on zinc oxide and on chromic oxide gel was discussed on the basis of the present interpretation of the Elovich equation. Finally, it was shown that, on the basis of surface heterogeneity, the constant b obtained from the integrated form of the Elovich equation can not be given any physical meaning when the constant t0 of an appreciable magnitude is required.
Pyrolysis of Organic Compounds. II. Pyrolysis of Toluene-3-d and Toluene-4-d
Authors: Takahasi Makoto 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
In order to elucidate the mechanism of the pyrolysis of toluene, pyrolysis of toluene-3-d and -4-d was carried out by the flow method in the temperature range 830∼955°C, and the mole ratios D2: HD : H2 and CH3D : CH4 were determined by mass spectrometry. The involvement of the reaction of ring-hydrogen in the pyrolysis has been confirmed from the formation of HD and CH3D. As there was not any distinct difference in the mole ratios between the reactions of toluene-3-d nor -4-d, it is concluded that the reactivities of m- and p-hydrogens of toluene are of the same order. Considering these results, the possible elementary processes involving ring-hydrogen are discussed.
Studies on Dehydroalanine Derivatives. II. Synthesis of Polydehydroalanine
Authors: Sakakibara Shumpei 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The polymerization rate of N-carboxy dehydroalanine anhydride (I) was compared with that of N-carboxy Dl-alanine anhydride, and it was found, that the former was much slower than the latter at 30°C. Polydehydroalanine (IV) was obtained by heating the substance I in dry pyridine at 100°C, or by adding a small amount of triethylamine into the boiling toluene solution of I. The substance IV was water-soluble brown powder, the actual structure of which was supposed to be a pyrolidone-type polypeptide VI containing about 10% of dehydroalanyl residues.
Rotatory Dispersion of Metallic Co-ordination Compounds. II. Absorption Spectra and Rotatory Dispersion of Cobalt(III) Complexes of EDTA
Authors: Hidaka Jinsai , Shimura Yoichi , Tsuchida Ryutaro 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The rotatory dispersion measurements have been made for d-Na2[Co(edta)NO2]·3H2O, d-K[Co(edta)]·3H2O, d-K2[Co(edta)Cl]·3H2O and d-cis-[Co en2(NO2)2] I. On the basis of these measurements, the relation of the splitting of the first absorption band with the so-called anomalous rotatory dispersion has been discussed. In the anomalous rotatory dispersion of d-[Co(edta)NO2]2−, there appear two inver-sive dispersions due to the component absorption, Ia and Ib, of the split first absorption band. Similarly considered, it has been shown that the first absorption band of [Co(edta)]− or [Co(edta)Cl]2− may have two component absorptions in accordance with the behavior of its rotatory dispersion curve.
Magnetic Susceptibilities of Sulfur, Selenium and Tellurium from Room Temperature to 1100°C
Authors: Tobisawa Sh\={o}tar\={o} 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(1) The susceptibility of sulfur showed the first change at about 157°C, showing no changes at the melting point and its neighborhood.The change is attributed to the radical chains owing to the scission of eight-membered sulfur rings.
(2) On fusion the susceptibility-temperature curve for glassy selenium deflected toward sides opposite to that for hexagonal selenium. It is considered that the decrease in susceptibility of glassy selenium can be ascribed to free radicals produced by the scission of selenium rings. On cooling, liquid selenium turned to glassy selenium, showing the increase in susceptibility at about 125°C. It can be considered that this change is related to the reclosing of chains into rings.
(3) The susceptibility of hexagonal tellurium decreased abruptly on fusion. It may be considered that this change is due to a paramagnetic contribution from unpaired spins produced by incomplete ionization of the valence shell.
(4) The susceptibility-temperature curves for sulfur and selenium were deflected toward paramagnetic sides above 353° and 690°C, respectively. The paramagnetism increased reversibly with temperature, while the susceptibility of tellurium was independent of temperature to 1100°C. On sulfur and selenium, the ratios of the weight of the diatomic molecule to the total weight at every temperature were obtained from the weight of the diatomic molecule estimated by comparing the experimental value of paramagnetic susceptibility with the value calculated from Van Vleck’s equation.
π-Electronic Structure of Diphenoquinone
Authors: Kuboyama Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electronic structure of diphenoquinone was studied with the simple MO method using the similar integral values as adopted in our previous work on p-quinones. The obtained result was discussed in comparison with the previously obtained one for p-benzoquinone. As for energy levels, the lowest unfilled orbital (b2g) of diphenoquinone is far lower than the other unfilled orbitals as was obtained with the p-quinones The highest filled orbital (b1u) of diphenoquinone is considerably higher than the ones of the p-quinones. From the calculated result the intense absorption band near 390 mμ was unambiguously assigned to the A1g→B3u transition.