bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Paclitaxel and concomitant radiotherapy in high-risk endometrial cancer patients: preliminary findings
Authors: Mangili Giorgia , De Marzi Patrizia , Beatrice Saverio , Rabaiotti Emanuela , Viganò Riccardo , Frigerio Luigi , Gentile Cinzia , Fazio Ferruccio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract

Background
There is still much debate about the best adjuvant therapy after surgery for endometrial cancer (EC) and there are no current guidelines. Radiotherapy (RT) alone does not seem to improve overall survival. We investigated whether concomitant Paclitaxel (P) and RT gave better clinical results.

Methods
Twenty-three patients with high-risk EC (stage IIB, IIIA, IIIC or IC G3 without lymphadenectomy or with aneuploid tumor) underwent primary surgery and were then referred for adjuvant therapy. P was given at a dose of 60 mg/m2 once weekly for five weeks during RT, which consisted of a total radiation dose of 50.4 Gy. Three further weekly cycles of P at a dose of 80 mg/m2 were given at the end of RT. Overall survival and disease-free survival were calculated from the time of surgery. Patterns of failure were recorded by the sites of failure.

Results
A total of 157 cycles of P were administered both during radiotherapy and consolidation chemotherapy.
Relapses occurred in five patients (21.7%). Median time to recurrence was 18.6 months (range 3–28). Survival rate for all the patients was 78.2%. Overall survival for the patients who completed chemo-radiation was of 81%. In this group median time to recurrence was 19.2 months (range 3–28). All recurrences were outside the radiation field. Mortality rate was 14.2%.

Conclusion
This small series demonstrates pelvic radiotherapy in combination with weakly P followed by three consolidation chemotherapy cycles as an effective combined approach in high risk endometrial carcinoma patients.
p53 protein accumulation predicts resistance to endocrine therapy and decreased post-relapse survival in metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Yamashita Hiroko , Toyama Tatsuya , Nishio Mariko , Ando Yoshiaki , Hamaguchi Maho , Zhang Zhenhuan , Kobayashi Shunzo , Fujii Yoshitaka , Iwase Hirotaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Introduction
Endocrine therapy is the most important treatment option for women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. The potential mechanisms for endocrine resistance involve estrogen receptor (ER)-coregulatory proteins and cross-talk between ER and other growth factor-signaling networks. However, the factors and pathways responsible for endocrine resistance are still poorly identified.

Materials and methods
The expression of HER2, p53, and Ki67 was examined by immunohistochemistry in primary breast tumour specimens from 73 metastatic breast cancer patients who received first-line treatment with endocrine therapy on relapse, and analysed to determine whether expression of these molecular markers affected the response to endocrine therapy.

Results
Of the 73 invasive ductal carcinomas, 12.3%, 21.9%, and 35.6% were positive for HER2 overexpression, p53 protein accumulation, and Ki67 expression, respectively. All patients received endocrine therapy as first-line treatment for metastatic breast cancer; 34 patients (46.6%) responded. Patients with primary breast tumours that had p53 protein accumulation and Ki67 expression showed significantly more resistance to endocrine therapy (P = 0.0049 and P = 0.024, respectively). There were also tendencies for HER2 overexpression to correlate with resistance to endocrine therapy, but this did not reach significance. p53 protein accumulation and HER2 overexpression significantly reduced post-relapse survival (P < 0.0001 and P = 0.001, respectively), and these factors were also statistically significant in a multivariate analysis.

Conclusion
These data suggest that p53 protein accumulation is helpful in selecting patients who may benefit from endocrine therapy and is a prognostic marker in hormone receptor-positive metastatic breast cancer.
Phylogenetically widespread alternative splicing at unusual GYNGYN donors
Authors: Hiller Michael , Huse Klaus , Szafranski Karol , Rosenstiel Philip , Schreiber Stefan , Backofen Rolf , Platzer Matthias 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Background
Splice donor sites have a highly conserved GT or GC dinucleotide and an extended intronic consensus sequence GTRAGT that reflects the sequence complementarity to the U1 snRNA. Here, we focus on unusual donor sites with the motif GYNGYN (Y stands for C or T; N stands for A, C, G, or T).

Results
While only one GY functions as a splice donor for the majority of these splice sites in human, we provide computational and experimental evidence that 110 (1.3%) allow alternative splicing at both GY donors. The resulting splice forms differ in only three nucleotides, which results mostly in the insertion/deletion of one amino acid. However, we also report the insertion of a stop codon in four cases. Investigating what distinguishes alternatively from not alternatively spliced GYNGYN donors, we found differences in the binding to U1 snRNA, a strong correlation between U1 snRNA binding strength and the preferred donor, over-represented sequence motifs in the adjacent introns, and a higher conservation of the exonic and intronic flanks between human and mouse. Extending our genome-wide analysis to seven other eukaryotic species, we found alternatively spliced GYNGYN donors in all species from mouse to Caenorhabditis elegans and even in Arabidopsis thaliana. Experimental verification of a conserved GTAGTT donor of the STAT3 gene in human and mouse reveals a remarkably similar ratio of alternatively spliced transcripts in both species.

Conclusion
In contrast to alternative splicing in general, GYNGYN donors in addition to NAGNAG acceptors enable subtle protein variations.
Characterization, isolation, and differentiation of murine skin cells expressing hematopoietic stem cell markers
Authors: Meindl Simone , Schmidt Uwe , Vaculik Christine , Elbe-Bürger Adelheid 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
As the phenotype of adult dermal stem cells is still elusive, and the hematopoietic stem cell is one of the best-characterized stem cells in the body, we tested dermal cell suspensions, sections, and wholemounts in newborn and adult mice for hematopoietic stem cell marker expression. Phenotypic analysis revealed that a small population of CD45+ cells and a large population of CD45– cells expressed CD34, CD117, and stem cell antigen-1 molecules. When cultivated in selected media supplemented with hematopoietic cytokines, total dermal cells, lineage–, and/or highly enriched phenotypically defined cell subsets produced hematopoietic and nonhematopoietic colonies. When injected into lethally irradiated recipient mice, a small percentage of newborn dermal cells was able to migrate into hematopoietic tissues and the skin and survived through the 11-month monitoring period. Our ability to isolate a candidate autologous stem cell pool will make these cells ideal vehicles for genetic manipulation and gene therapy.
Disclosure of Candidate Genes in Acute Myeloid Leukemia With Complex Karyotypes Using Microarray-Based Molecular Characterization
Authors: Rücker Frank G. , Bullinger Lars , Schwaenen Carsten , Lipka Daniel B. , Wessendorf Swen , Fröhling Stefan , Bentz Martin , Miller Simone , Scholl Claudia , Schlenk Richard F. , Radlwimmer Bernhard , Kestler Hans A. , Pollack Jonathan R. , Lichter Peter , Döhner Konstanze , Döhner Hartmut 
Published: July 2006

Purpose To identify novel genomic regions of interest in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with complex karyotypes, we applied comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays (array-CGH), allowing high-resolution genome-wide screening of genomic imbalances. Patients and Methods Sixty AML cases with complex karyotypes were analyzed using array-CGH; parallel analysis of gene expression was performed in a subset of cases. Results Genomic losses were found more frequently than gains. The most frequent losses affected 5q (77%), 17p (55%), and 7q (45%), and the most frequent genomic gains 11q (40%) and 8q (38%). Critical segments could be delineated to genomic fragments of only 0.8 to a few megabase-pairs of DNA. In lost/gained regions, gene expression profiling detected a gene dosage effect with significant lower/higher average gene expression levels across the genes located in the respective regions. Furthermore, high-level DNA amplifications were identified in several regions: 11q23.3-q24.1 (n = 7), 21q22 (n = 6), 11q23.3 (n = 5), 13q12 (n = 3), 8q24 (n = 3), 9p24 (n = 2), 12p13 (n = 2), and 20q11 (n = 2). Parallel analysis of gene expression in critical amplicons displayed overexpressed candidate genes (eg, C8FW and MYC in 8q24). Conclusion In conclusion, a large spectrum of genomic imbalances, including novel recurring changes in AML with complex karyotypes, was identified using array-CGH. In addition, the combined analysis of array-CGH data with gene expression profiles allowed the detection of candidate genes involved in the pathogenesis of AML.
Synthesis of Chiral 18-Crown-6 Derivatives and Dibenzocrown Ethers Incorporating trans-Tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diylbis(methylene) Units of Known Absolute Configuration
Authors: Naemura Koichiro , Ebashi Iwao , Matsuda Atsushi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
By using (−)-trans-2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran (1) of known absolute configuration as a chiral diethylene glycol unit, 18-crown-6 derivatives 8, 9, 12, and dibenzocrown ethers 14, 15 containing trans-tetrahydrofuran-2,5-diylbis(methylene) unit were prepared in enantiomerically pure forms. Their abilities to extract alkali metal picrates were investigated.
Behavior of Polyacrylamide–Acyclic Poly(oxyethylene)-coated Ion-selective Electrodes in Nonaqueous Solvents
Authors: Nakamura Toshio , Ogiwara Kazuyuki , Izutsu Kosuke , Rechnitz G A 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Ion-selective electrodes constructed with polyacrylamide(PAA) coupled to acyclic poly(oxyethylene) neutral carriers, tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (POE4) or hexaethylene glycol monododecyl ether (POE6), were reported. Nernstian responses were obtained to magnesium and barium ions in AN with the PAA–POE4 membrane and to copper(II) and silver(I) ions in DMSO with the PAA–POE6 membrane.
Paramagnetic Cobalt(III) Complexes with Organic Ligands. X. The Preparation and Properties of Radical Diamminebis(5-nitrosalicylideneaminato)cobalt(III) Complex and Biradical Diamminebis(5-nitrosalicylideneaminato)cobalt(II) Complex
Authors: Yamamoto Yoshihisa , Konno Hidetaka 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
From the reaction mixture of diamminebis(salicylideneaminato)cobalt(III) complex, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) (1) and 60% nitric acid, radical diamminebis(5-nitrosalicylideneaminato)cobalt(III) complex, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) (2), and biradical diamminebis(5-nitrosalicylideneaminato)cobalt(II) complex,(Remark: Graphics omitted.) (3), have been isolated and characterized by analytical, magnetic, spectroscopic, and XPS methods. The effective magnetic moments of 2 and 3 were 1.7 and 5.5 BM, respectively. In the IR spectrum of 2, a band due to the rocking deformation vibration of NH3 was observed at ca. 840 cm−1. The absorption spectra of 2 and 3 showed a strong absorption peak at ca. 690 nm. In the XPS, Co 2p spectra for 3 showed strong satellites, indicating the oxidation number of the cobalt to be +2, whereas no satellites were observed for the other complexes. In comparison with diamagnetic cobalt(III) complex, (Remark: Graphics omitted.) (4), C 1s spectra for 2 and 3 showed much larger shoulders on the higher binding energy side due to the electron-poor carbons. It suggests the presence of an unpaired spin on ligands in accordance with paramagnetism of the complexes.
The Thermal Decomposition of Lead cyclo-Tetraphosphate
Authors: Nariai Hiroyuki , Motooka Itaru , Kanaji Yukio , Tsuhako Mitsutomo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The process of the thermal decomposition of lead cyclo-tetraphosphate dihydrate (P4m), Pb2P4O12·2H2O, was investigated using X-ray analysis, DTA-TG, HPLC, Isotachophoresis (IP), and IR spectrometry. P4m lost water of crystallization at about 100 °C. In the region of 150–170 °C, P4m decomposed to form oligo phosphates, and at about 190 °C, oligo phosphates changed to a crystalline material which contained ortho- and triphosphate. At about 300 °C, the crystalline material changed to cyclo-octaphosphate (P8m) through a new type of cyclo-tetraphosphate (P4m*). However, in the presence of a higher water-vapor pressure than the atmospheric one, the crystalline material changed mainly to the new type of P4m* with a little P8m, while at a low water-vapor pressure, the reverse tendency was observed: mainly P8m and a little P4m*.
Synthesis of a 24-Epimeric Mixture of 4α,14α,24-Trimethyl-9(11)-cholesten-3-one
Authors: Yamashita Masahiko , Naora Misuzu , Murae Tatsushi , Tsuyuki Takahiko , Takahashi Takeyoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
A 24-epimeric mixture of 4α,14α,24-trimethyl-9(11)-cholesten-3-one was synthesized from lanosterol through 4α,14α,24-trimethyl-8-cholesten-3β-ol and 4α,14α,24-trimethyl-7,11-dioxocholestan-3β-yl acetate as key intermediates.
Novel Base-Promoted Rearrangement of 2-(4-Cyano-, 2-Nitro-, and 4-Nitrobenzyloxy)tropones and 2-(2-Oxo-2-phenethyloxy)tropone to 2-[(4-Cyano-, 2-Nitro-, and 4-Nitrophenyl)hydroxymethyl]tropones and 2-(1-Hydroxy-2-oxo-2-phenethyl)tropone
Authors: Takeshita Hitoshi , Mori Akira , Suizu Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The base-catalyzed rearrangement of 2-(2-nitro-, 4-nitro-, and 4-cyanobenzyloxy)tropones smoothly yielded corresponding 2-[(aryl)hydroxymethyl]tropones, while their thermolysis gave 3-(arylmethyl)tropolones. This reaction has no precedent analogy in troponoid chemistry, and this rearrangement is widely applicable to the 2-troponyl ethers of alcohols carrying an electron-attractive substituent on the α-position, as was verified by the occurrence of 2-(1-hydroxy-2-oxo-2-phenethyl)tropone from 2-(2-oxo-2-phenethyloxy)tropone.
Cycloaddition of Pyridinium Methylides with Electron-Deficient Olefins and Silica-Gel Mediated Elimination of Pyridines from the Cycloadducts: A New Method of Alkylation or Hydroalkylidenation of Olefins
Authors: Tsuge Otohiko , Kanemasa Shuji , Takenaka Shigeori 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Pyridinium methylides bearing an anion-stabilizing substituent at the ylide carbon react with a variety of olefins carrying two electron-withdrawing groups at the both carbons such as N-substituted maleimides, a citraconimide, dimethyl maleate, dimethyl fumarate, and 1,2-dibenzoylethene. The cycloadducts thus formed undergo a ready elimination of pyridines when treated with silica gel. This sequence is a new method for alkylation or hydroalkylidenation of olefins.
Thermoelectric Conversion by Thin-Layer Thermogalvanic Cells with Soluble Redox Couples
Authors: Ikeshoji Tamio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Thermogalvanic cells containing a redox couple of [Fe(CN)6]4−⁄3− or Fe2+⁄3+ as an electroactive species were built for thermoelectric conversion from low-grade heat with a temperature less than 100 °C. The distance between high- and low-temperature electrodes was set to 1 mm in order to produce a high power density. Thermoelectric powers, inner resistances, and heat fluxes of the cells, which were placed horizontally (i.e. in which the temperature gradient was vertical) were measured under steady state conditions. Natural convection, which was induced by a temperature difference and current flowing in appropriate directions, produced lower inner resistances than those with no convection by several times. It had only a small effect on thermoelectric powers and heat-transfer coefficients. Thus, both the power densities and the thermal efficiencies increased by nearly one order of magnitude due to the convection. A power density of 2.6 W m−2 was obtained during steady state using a cell containing an aqueous solution of 0.13 mol dm−3 K4[Fe(CN)6] and 0.85 mol dm−3 K3[Fe(CN)6] at a temperature difference of 72 K and a thermal efficiency of 6.7×10−5; the upper electrode was kept at a lower temperature.
Synthesis, and Crystal and Molecular Structure of Heptaaquabis (1-hydroxy-2-naphthoato)lanthanum(III) 1-Hydroxy-2-naphthoate Hydrate and the Isomorphous Neodymium(III) Salt, [M{C10H6(OH)CO2}2(H2O)7][C10H6(OH)CO2]·H2O (M=La, Nd)
Authors: Ohki Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Yasuo , Ouchi Akira 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The light lanthanoid(III) (La or Nd) 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate crystals indicated in the title were obtained and their structures were determined by the X-ray diffraction method using their single crystals. They are orthorhombic with the space group P212121, Z=4. The unitcell axis lengths of the lanthanum(III) complex are: a=11.985(4), b=40.21(5), and c=7.017(1) Å. The central metal atom is ennea-coordinated and is in a tricapped trigonal-prism geometry, where two carboxylate ions act as the unidentates, and the other coordinating positions are occupied by water oxygen atoms. The non-coordinated carboxylate ion is hydrogen-bonded to two ligated water oxygen atoms with its respective carboxylato oxygen atoms. The complex molecules are not directly bridged by the carboxylate ions, but the complexes are linked by hydrogenbondings in the a- and c-axis directions. Such hydrophilic and the hydrophobic layers of the naphthalene rings, both of them being parallel to the ac-plane, are laid alternately in the crystal.
The Catalytic Electroreduction of Oxygen in an Aqueous Solution on Glassy Carbon Electrodes Covalently Modified with [5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphinato]iron(III)
Authors: Arifuku Fumihiro , Iwatani Keizo , Ujimoto Kikujiro , Kurihara Hirondo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The catalytic electroreduction of an oxygen molecule on a glassy carbon electrode covalently modified with [5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxyphenyl)porphinato]iron(III) (abbreviated as GC-O-Fe(III)TCPP) was investigated in an aqueous solution. The reduction of oxygen on the GC-O-Fe(III)TCPP electrode occurs at a more anodic potential than on the glassy carbon electrode adsorbing Fe(III)TCPP. This anodic shift of the oxygen reduction potential may be closely related to the number of bonds between a metalloporphyrin molecule and the electrode material. The oxygen molecule is reduced via the one-step reduction accompanying four-electron and four-proton transfer at pH 7–11 and via two successive reductions accompanying two-electron transfer and subsequently two-electron and four-proton transfer at pH&gt;11.5. At pH&lt;6, the number of transferred electron could not be reproducibly determined because of the cleavage of several ester linkages.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Phosphinothricin and Related Compounds by the Michael Addition of Glycine Schiff Bases to Vinyl Compounds
Authors: Minowa Nobuto , Hirayama Masao , Fukatsu Shunzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
(S)-(+)-Phosphinothricin was prepared in good optical yield by the Michael addition of chiral glycine Schiff base derived from (S)-2-hydroxy-3-pinanone to vinyl phosphorus compound. (R)-(−)-Phosphinothricin, an enantiomeric isomer, can also be prepared from the same chiral glycine Schiff base by choosing suitable reaction temperature.
A New Synthesis of Cyclic Ureas, Cyclic Urethanes, and a Quinazolinedione. Selenium-Assisted Carbonylation of Aromatic Amines with Carbon Monoxide
Authors: Yoshida Tohru , Kambe Nobuaki , Murai Shinji , Sonoda Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Five-, six-, and seven-membered cyclic ureas were synthesized in excellent yields from various aromatic diamines by reaction with carbon monoxide and a stoichiometric or excess amount of selenium in the presence of N-methylpyrrolidine. The carbonylation also proceeded using a catalytic amount of selenium in the presence of an oxidizing agent such as oxygen or dimethyl sulfoxide producing selectively the five and six-membered cyclic ureas. In the case of 2-(2-aminoethyl)aniline under the catalytic conditions, intra- and intermolecular carbonylation competed resulting in the formation of a mixture of the seven-membered cyclic urea, 1,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2H-1,3-benzodiazepin-2-one and the acyclic urea, 1,3-bis[2-(2-aminophenyl)ethyl]urea. The distribution ratio of these two products varied depending on the reaction conditions, but selective formation of the cyclic urea was attained only when a stoichiometric or excess amount of selenium was used. In addition to the above diamino compounds, 2-carbamoylaniline, 2-amino-3-pyridinol, and 2-(hydroxymethyl)aniline also underwent similar carbonylation to give 2,4(1H,3H)-quinazolinedione, oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-(3H)-one, and 1,4-dihydro-2H-3,1-benzoxazin-2-one, respectively.
The Molecular Structure of (+)589-β2-(3-Methyl-2-iminobutanoato) ((2S,10S)-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-diamine)cobalt(III) Perchlorate: α-Imino Acidato Complex
Authors: Yamaguchi Motowo , Yamagishi Takamichi , Hida Mitsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The crystal structure of (+)589-β2-(3-methyl-2-iminobutanoato)((2S,10S)-4,8-diazaundecane-2,10-diamine)cobalt(III) perchlorate has been determined by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction method. The complex ion adopts Λ-β2 configuration, and it has the Co–N(imine) bond length of 1.90 Å, which is shorter than the Co–N(amine) bond lengths. The chelate ring of the 2-imino carboxylato is planar.
The Determination of a Small Amount of a Biological Constituent by the Use of Chemiluminescence. XI. The Determination of Protein Using a 1,10-Phenanthroline–Hydrogen Peroxide–Osmium(VIII) System
Authors: Hara Tadashi , Tsukagoshi Kazuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Osmium(VIII) was found by the authors to show extremely sensitive catalytic activity for the 1,10-phenanthroline–hydrogen peroxide chemiluminescence system. By optimizing the measurement conditions, 3.2×10−11–1.3×10−8 mol dm−3 osmium(VIII) could be determined by chemiluminescence flow-injection analysis with a detection limit of 0.4 pg. The method for the determination of protein was established; it was based on the lowering of the catalytic activity of osmium(VIII) attributable to the complex formation between osmium(VIII) and protein. Similar calibration curves were obtained for bovine serum albumin, human serum albumin, and human serum γ-globulin under the optimum conditions for the determination of protein. According to the method, 5.0×10−6–1.0×10−3 g dm−3 protein could be determined with a detection limit of about 250 pg and with a coefficient of variation of 2.9% (n=10) for a 1.0×10−4 g dm−3 protein solution.
Calorimetric and Spectrophotometric Studies of Ternary Copper(II) Complexes with Bromide Ions and 2,2′-Bipyridyl in N,N-Dimethylformamide
Authors: Ishiguro Shin-ichi , Nagy László , Ohtaki Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Mixed ligand complexation of copper(II) with bromide ions and 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy) has been calorimetrically studied in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 0.16 mol dm−3 (C2H5)4NClO4 at 25°C. Complexation of the metal ion with 2,2′-bipyridyl has been also studied in the same solution. The calorimetric titration curves obtained were satisfactorily explained in terms of formation of the mononuclear [CuBrp(bpy)q](2−p)+ (denoted as (1pq)) complexes such as (101), (102), (103), (111), (121), and (112), and their formation constants and enthalpies were determined. The mixed ligand (111), (112), and (121) complexes are quite stable and yielded to a large extent in the DMF solution. Electronic spectra of these complexes have been measured in DMF over the range 400–1500 nm. The thermodynamic quantities of formation and electronic spectra of the complexes thus obtained are discussed in connection with the coordination structure of the complexes in DMF. The formation of the five-coordinate [Cu(bpy)2(dmf)]2+ and [CuBr(bpy)2]+ complexes is suggested in the DMF solution as well as in crystal.