bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apparent Viscosities of Ferric Oxide–Water Suspensions
Authors: Moriyama Noboru 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The effects of various types of anionic surfactants and inorganic phosphates on the apparent viscosities of ferric oxide–water suspensions of high pigment concentrations are examined. The additions of surfactants or inorganic phosphates to the suspensions cause depressions in their apparent viscosities from values of more than 10000 centipoise (cP) to about 10 cP. The concentration of the surfactants or the inorganic phosphates required to depress the apparent viscosity, which is designated as C0, is highly dependent upon the alkyl-chain length of the 1-1-type surfactants, the degree of the polymerization of the surfactants of the type of the vinyl copolymers and the degree of the condensation of the surfactants of the type of the formalin condensates or inorganic phosphates. With the 1-1-type surfactants, the values of the C0 decrease with the increases in the alkyl-chain length, and the surfactants with much shorter alkyl-chain lengths, such as Na octyl sulfate, linear-chain Na hexylbenzene sulfo-nate, and Na butyl-naphthalene sulfonate, have no marked viscosity depression effects. With the formalin condensates and the inorganic phosphates, the values of C0 decrease with the degree of condensation. With the vinyl copolymers, the C0 show smallest values at the appropriate degree of polymerization, e.g., about 10–40 for the Na salt of polyacrylic acid. Both the absolute value of the zeta potential and the amount of adsorption increase remarkably in the concentration regions showing marked viscosity depressions. The viscosity depressions of the suspensions upon the additions of the surfactants or inorganic phosphates can be qualitatively explained by taking into account the contributions of the zeta potential values and concentrations to the dispersion-coagulation of the pigment particles.
The Adsorption of the Ampholytic Surfactant and the Anionic Surfactant at the Nitrogen–Solution Interface from the Mixed Aqueous Solution
Authors: Nakamura Akio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The amounts of adsorption of an ampholytic surfactant, N-dodecyl-β-alanine(NDA), and an anionic surfactant, sodium alkylsulfate(SAS), at nitrogen-solution interface from aqueous equimolar mixtures of them were measured directly by the radiotracer method, using tritiated and non-tritiated samples of NDA and 35S-labeled and non-labeled samples of SAS: sodium tetradecylsulfate(STS), sodium dodecylsulfate(SDS), and sodium decylsulfate(SDeS). The adsorption of both components of the mixed systems was observed at concentrations lower than those for the systems containing each component alone. A stronger adsorption of NDA than that of SAS was observed for all mixed systems. The overall area per alkyl chain at the maximum adsorption was about 26 Å2 for each system, showing the adsorbed layer to be in a highly condensed state. Electrophoresis measurements, together with surface tension measurements of NDA-SDS systems and the elemental analysis of the precipitates from concentrated NDA-SDS solutions, suggested the presence of a 1 : 1-complex formed between NDA and SDS. The Gibbs adsorption isotherm for the binary system was derived. The calculated amounts of adsorption agreed with the observed values. A linear relationship was found to hold between the logarithm of the constants of complex formation and the number of carbon atoms of SAS. A free energy of the complex formation of −0.50 kcal per mole of the methylene group was found.
The Intramolecular Dynamic Behavior of Tetraaryl Allyl Radicals
Authors: Watanabe Kohji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The electron spin resonance (ESR) and the electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) spectra of tetraaryl allyl radicals have been observed. A comparison of the ENDOR spectra of α,α,γ,γ-tetraphenyl allyl, α,α-diphenyl-γ,γ-dianisyl allyl, and α,α,γ,γ-tetraanisyl allyl revealed that the four aryl groups are not equivalent, but are apparently to be classified into two types with different conformations in their molecular frameworks. The molecular orbital calculations on the basis of this model have shown a fairly good agreement with the observed spectra. The temperature dependence of the ENDOR spectra at −60∼−110 °C were analyzed, assuming mutually different twisting angles for the allyl skeleton. The activation energy of the torsional vibration of the allyl skeleton is estimated to be about 2.5 kcal/mol. The ESR spectra of α,α,γ,γ-tetraphenyl allyl and α,α-diphenyl-γ,γ-diphenylene allyl change drastically with the temperature at around +115°C and show a marked line-width alternation effect. It is concluded from the results that the torsional vibration becomes vigorous with an increase in the temperature and that the allyl skeleton begins to rotate internally at high temperatures. The activation energy of the internal rotation of the allyl skeleton has been estimated to be about 15∼20 kcal/mol. The temperature-dependent hyperfine splitting of the methine proton has also been explained by assuming a model of the internal rotation of the allyl skeleton.
CNDO/2 Calculations on the Configurations of the Ion-molecule Complexes. The NH4+–CH4, H3O+–CH4 and NH4+–H2 Systems
Authors: Tanaka Kazuyoshi , Yamabe Tokio , Kato Hiroshi , Fukui Kenichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The optimized configurations of several ion-non polar molecule complexes (NH4+–CH4, H3O+–CH4 and NH4+–H2) have been discussed by the use of the CNDO/2 method. The results for NH4+–CH4 and H3O+–CH4 turn out to be quite different from those previously proposed by the calculations based on the classical electrostatic model. It may be demonstrated that these systems are stabilized by a kind of hydrogen bond where the charge transfer effect from a neutral molecule to a cation plays an important role, according to the configuration analysis.
The Effects of Anionic and Cationic Surfactants on the Ion Flotation of Cd2+
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The ion flotation of Cd2+ ions has been investigated from the surface chemical point of view in comparison with the case of Cu2+ ions reported previously. The effects of the change in the pH, the anionic and cationic surfactants, and bentonite on the flotation rate have also been studied. Sodium α-sulfolaurate proved to be one of the best surfactants among the anionic surfactants used for removing Cd2+ ions, showing as high as a 97% removal. About 97% of the Cd2+ ions could be floated in the region of pH 11.3 when a cationic surfactant was used with bentonite, regardless of the exact surfactant used. The addition of bentonite reduced the foam formation and liquid hold-up, resulting in effective bubble flotation. This behavior was as a whole similar to that of Cu2+ ions. However, in all the flotation systems tested, the flotation rate increased sharply at about pH 8, and the flotation rate vs. pH curve for Cd2+ shifted towards a more alkaline region than that for Cu2+, because of the stronger basic nature of the former. Also, the flotation rate of Cd2+ ions for the Cd2+-anionic surfactant systems attained a steady value after about 7 min, longer than the 2-min gas flow required in the case of Cu2+ ion flotation. The adjustment of the pH using ammonia gave a lower rate of flotation than in the case of flotation using sodium hydroxide.
Studies of the Removal of Cd2+ Ions by Adsorbing Particle Flotation
Authors: Kobayashi Koichi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The conditions for the removal of Cd2+ ions from an aqueous solution by adsorbing particle flotation using bentonite and a cationic surfactant has been investigated. It has been found that the most suitable method was to conduct notation in the region of the coagulation notation of bentonite. The addition of polyacrylamide (PAA) extended not only the region of coagulation flotation towards lower and higher hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (HTAG) concentrations tested, but also increased the flotation efficiency (expressed as the percentage of ions removed from the total solution). The selective flotation from an aqueous solution containing two kinds of metal ions was also investigated. Each metal ion could be floated from the solution with the pH of the metal hydroxide formation. By selecting proper conditions, it was possible to remove each metal ion separately from a mixed solution.
Effects of the Tension and Viscosity on the Rate of Growth of Black Soap Films
Authors: Yamanaka Teruko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The additional tension and the rate of growth of black films formed from aqueous solutions of polyoxyethylated nonionic surfactants and sodium dodecylsulfate, which contain inorganic electrolytes in high concentrations, were measured for the large vertical films drawn from these solutions. It was found that the rate of growth of black films was proportional to the additional tension in both systems. The reciprocal of the slope of each line was concluded to be a viscosity parameter, since the additional tension acted as the driving force for the growth of black films, and the viscosity parameter, as the resistance. The effect of added glycerol on the rate of growth of black films was compared with that of electrolytes for the films of nonionic surfactants. The former affected both the viscosity parameter and the additional tension, while the latter showed an effect on only the additional tension.
Dielectric Behavior of Water Molecules Adsorbed on Iron(III) Oxide Hydroxides
Authors: Kaneko Katsumi , Serizawa Mamoru , Ishikawa Tatsuo , Inouye Katsuya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The change in the dielectric constant of α-FeOOH, β-FeOOH, and γ-FeOOH with the amount of adsorbed water was examined at 30.0 °C in the frequency range 200 Hz–100 kHz for the purpose of clarifying the mechanism of water adsorption. The adsorption isotherms belong to the BET II type. The sample with the adsorbed water shows a particular dispersion of the dielectric constant with frequency in the low frequency range. The dispersion was ascribed to the transition between different orientational directions of the dipole moment of the adsorbed water. The change in the dielectric constant with the amount of adsorbed water for each iron(III) oxide hydroxide was interpreted in relation to the surface structure of predominant faces of crystals, in particular the number and position of hydroxyls on crystal surfaces. The following adsorption process was suggested below the monolayer adsorption coverage for each iron(III) oxide hydroxide. For α-FeOOH, water molecules are adsorbed on the (100) planes in three successive steps. For β-FeOOH, water molecules are primarily bound in the tunnels existing in the crystal along a direction parallel to the c-axis and then are adsorbed on the cracked tunnels exposing to the outer surface. For γ-FeOOH, water molecules are adsorbed on the (010) planes in two steps.
Theoretical Calculations of the Raman Intensities by the Vibronic Method
Authors: Shinoda Hiroyuki 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The values of the transition moment of Raman scattering have been calculated according to the formula derived from the vibronic expansion approach. The calculations have been performed for the symmetry coordinates of several small molecules and for the normal vibrations of methane. The electronic wave functions were calculated by the CNDO/2-CI method. The calculated results are large in comparison with the experimental ones. The calculated Raman intensities for the symmetric stretching vibrations were almost all contributed by the term A in the vibronic expansion theory. From the calculated results for the normal vibrations of methane, it was found that the vibronic method used in this work leads to more appropriate values than those obtained from the polarizability theory which was used in the previous paper.
The Rapid Determination of Heavy Metals in Sediment by Means of X-ray Fluorescence Analysis Modification of the X-ray Intensity Using Scattered Radiation
Authors: Tanaka Hideki , Hashizume Genzo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The present method was developed as a way of modifying intensity using the mass-absorption coefficient of the matrix, which is itself obtained from the measurement of the intensity at an arbitrary scattered wavelength. This modification, derived from the simplified equation by the utilization of the known matrix composition, has been empirically demonstrated, and it has been applied to various river-sediment samples. Repeated analyses on copper and zinc in representative sediments were carried out, and the average (\barx) and the coefficient of the variation (c.v.) obtained by the present method and by the atomic-absorption method were compared. In the former method, \barx=1,550 μg/g, c.v.=4.25% on copper, \barx=4,400 μg/g, and c.v.=7.11% on zinc; in the latter method, \barx=1,500 μg/g, c.v.=9.87% on copper, \barx=4,330 μg/g, and c.v.=13.03% on zinc.
The Mechanism of Thermal Reactions in Apatites–Silica–Water Vapor Systems
Authors: Monma Hideki , Kanazawa Takafumi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reactions of fluor-, hydroxy-, and chlorapatites with silica in the presence of water vapor have been studied under various conditions−i.e., various amounts of added silica, various temperatures (up to 1300°C), and various heating times and water-vapor pressures (0.6–760 mmHg). As the pressure increased, the decomposition rate of hydroxyapatite with silica decreased considerably. Fluorapatite and chlorapatite were found to be decomposed with silica after being partially defluorinated or dechlorinated. In the case of fluorapatite, no effect of silica addition was recognized under a low water-vapor pressure (0.6 mmHg). This effect was observed under a high water-vapor pressure (760 mmHg), accompanied by rapid increases in the fluorine volatility and the destruction rate of the apatite in their time-dependence plots. In the reaction using chlorapatite, a similar effect was found under both low and high pressures. The results for the defluorination and dechlorination could mostly be interpreted by assuming the following changes: (1) halogen-oxyapatite formation, (2) the substitution of hydroxyl ions for halogen ions, and (3) the decomposition of apatite with silica.
Preparation and Reaction of Some Di-tert-butylnitroxidopalladium(II) Complexes, PdX(But2NO)L (L=PPh3, AsPh3, P(OPh)3; X=C1, Br, I)
Authors: Okunaka Masaaki , Matsubayashi Gen-etsu , Tanaka Toshio 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
PdX(But2NO)L (L=PPh3, AsPh3, P(OPh)3; X=Cl, Br, I) was isolated by the reactions of [PdCl(But2NO)]2 with L and by the halogen exchange reactions of the chloro complexes with LiBr·H2O or NaI. PMR and IR spectra revealed that PdX(But2NO)(PPh3) and PdX(But2NO)(AsPh3) exist as only one geometrical isomer with the halogen atom trans to the oxygen atom of the nitroxide ligand, while two isomers of PdX(But2NO)[P(OPh)3] coexist in solution. The reaction of PdX(But2NO) (PPh3) (X=Cl, I) with triphenylphosphine was found to give Pd(PPh3)4 together with Pd X2(PPh3)2 and Bu2NO·. A similar reaction proceeded between PdCl(But2NO)[P(OPh)3] and triphenylphosphite to yield Pd[P(OPh)3]3, while a not well-defined complex [PdCl(AsPh3)2]n was obtained in the reaction of PdCl(But2NO)(AsPh3) with triphenylarsine.
On the Selectivity in the Catalytic Hydrogenation of Methylacetylene on Group VIII Metals
Authors: Yoshida Noritetsu , Hirota Kozo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of methylacetylene with hydrogen and deuterium was studied over five Group VIII metals (Pd, Pt, Rh, Ir, and Ru) at 25°C. Among these metals, palladium was the most selective for the propylene formation; the selectivity varied from metal to metal (Pd&gt;Pt&gt;Rh&gt;(Ni)&gt;Ru&gt;Ir). A new result was obtained over ruthenium; the isomerization of methylacetylene to allene occurred simultaneously with the hydrogenation over only this metal. In the reaction with deuterium, the stereoselectivity of the metals was investigated on the products by analyzing them by the microwave spectroscopic and mass spectrometric methods. Only three hydrogen atoms were deuterated in the propylene produced over Ni, Pd, and Pt; in conformity with the above, the deuterated positions of propylene-d1 and -d2 were limited to three in the methylene and methylidyne groups. No such tendency was observed for Ir, Rh, and Ru, where the methyl hydrogens were also deuterated. The relative yield of the cis-1,2-d2 species, always the most abundant product, decreased in this order: Pd&gt;Pt&gt;Ir&gt;Ru&gt;(Ni)&gt;Rh at 70% conversion. A reaction mechanism which explains the relative yields of isotopic isomers of deuteropropylenes except for the methyl-deuterated species was proposed, assuming an adsorbed radical as an intermediate. The calculated isomer distributions based on the scheme coincided well with those observed in the cases of Pd, Pt, and Ni, but not in those of Ir, Rh, and Ru.
Photoelectron Spectra of Substituted Naphthalenes
Authors: Utsunomiya Chikatoshi , Kobayashi Tsunetoshi , Nagakura Saburo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The photoelectron spectra (PES) of 1- and 2-substituted naphthalenes (naphthols, aminonaphthalenes, N,N-dimethylaminonaphthalenes, acetylnaphthalenes, and cyanonaphthalenes) were measured in the region from 6 to 20 eV. The observed PES were assigned with the aid of the CNDO/2 calculations and the substituent effect. The lower energy bands of the compounds with the electron-donating group were found to be due to the ionization from the orbitals caused by the interaction of the highest three occupied π orbitals of the naphtha ene ring with the nonbonding orbital of the substituent group. The second bands of the 1-substituted naphthalenes are commonly assigned to π orbitals almost completely localized on the naphthalene ring. The dimethylammo group of 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene was found to be twisted to a great extent from the ring plane.
The Reaction of Cycloalkanones with Copper(II) Halides. II. The Reaction of Cyclohexanones with Copper(II) Bromide
Authors: Nishizawa Kyoko , Satoh J Yasuo 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The reaction of cyclohexanones with copper(II) bromide gave polybrominated cyclohexanediones in all cases except for the case of 3,5-dimethylcyclohexanone. Moreover, in this reaction, a pyrocatechol and a phenol derivative were obtained from 4-methyl- and 3,5-dimethylcyclohexanone respectively. The mechanism of this reaction was discussed.
NMR Studies of the Conformations of 3-Aryl-1,2,3-oxathiazolidine 2-Oxides
Authors: Yamada Fukiko , Nishiyama Tomihiro , Samukawa Hiroshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the conformations of a series of 3-aryl-1,2,3-oxathiazolidine 2-oxides. Their conformations were assigned on the basis of the vicinal coupling constants between four methylene protons at the C-4 and C-5 positions. The oxathiazolidine 2-oxides prefer twist-envelope forms, and their conformations vary with both the situation and the nature of the ring substituent. Postulated collision complexes based on the data of the observed solvent-shifts can also be explained in terms of the differences in the conformations.
A Study of the Kinetic Resolution of Dl-Propylene Oxide with Optically Active Co(I)(salen) Type Complexes
Authors: Aoi Haruhiko , Ishimori Michihiro , Tsuruta Teiji 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An optically active Co(I)(salen) type complex, lithium N,N′-bis-(salicylaldehyde)-1(R),2(R)-1,2-trans-cyclohexanediiminatocobaltate (I), was prepared by reducing the Co(II) complex, N,N′-bis-(salicylaldehyde)-1(R),2(R)-1,2-trans-cyclohexanediiminatocobalt(II), with butyllithium. The structure of the Co(I) complex was determined by means of its absorption and circular dichroism (CD) spectra. d-Propylene oxide was found to react preferentially (e.g., &lt;&lt;d/d+l&gt;&gt;=68% in a dioxane solution) in a kinetic resolution of Dl-propylene oxide using the above Co(I) complex as a catalyst. On the contrary, l-propylene oxide reacted selectively when Lewis acids were added to the system of the lithium Co(I) complex. The Lewis acids were demonstrated to interact with the Co(I) complex and to play a significant role in the asymmetric selectivity of the Co(I) species.
Component Amino Acids of the Antibiotic Longicatenamycin. Isolation of 5-Chloro-d-tryptophan
Authors: Shiba Tetsuo , Mukunoki Yasuo , Akiyama Hitoshi 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
An amino acid composition of the pep tide antibiotic longicatenamycin was investigated. Four new amino acids, i.e., thero-β-hydroxy-l-glutamic acid, l-2-amino-5-rnethylhexanoic acid, l-2-amino-6-methylheptanoic acid, and l-2-amino-7-methyloctanoic acid, which were reported by Shoji et al., were reconfirmed by comparison with the synthetic specimens. Racemic forms of the latter three amino acids were synthesized through acetaminomalonate method. Furthermore, 5-chloro-d-tryptophan was newly isolated from the hydrolyzate of the antibiotic. This structure was assigned by NMR, MS and ORD. A steric configuration of this amino acid was certified by degradation to d-aspartic acid through ozonization. 5-Chloro-Dl-tryptophan was synthesized from 3-cyanopropionaldehyde and p-chlorophenylhydrazine by Fischer’s indole synthesis.
Selenocyanatodethallation in Organothallium(III) Compounds
Authors: Uemura Sakae , Toshimitsu Akio , Okano Masaya , Ichikawa Katsuhiko 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Substitution of thallium moiety in organothallium(III) compounds by selenocyanate is reported. Arylthallium (III) compounds react with KSeCN and CuSO4·5H2O or with Cu(SeCN)2 in dioxane to give aryl selenocyanates in good yields. Alkoxythallates of styrene react smoothly with KSeCN in methanol to afford 1-alkoxy-1-phenyl-2-selenocyanatoethanes almost quantitatively. The oxyselenocyanation of terminal oleflns is conducted by the in situ oxythallation of olefins, followed by the reaction with KSeCN.
Behaviour of Some Selenium Bases in Disulphuric Acid. Conductometric and Cryoscopic Studies of Selenides, Selenoxides and Selenones in Disulphuric Acid
Authors: Bali Ashok , Malhotra K C 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
Dimethylselenoxide is fully ionized in disulphuric acid whereas diphenyl selenoxide and its nitro derivatives behave as weak bases. In the case of selenones, alkyl selenones are completely ionized in disulphuric acid, diphenyl selenone and its nitro derivatives behave as weak electrolytes. From the extent of protonation it is observed that selenones are stronger bases than the corresponding sulphones. Amongst the selenides, diphenyl selenide is sulphonated whereas its nitro derivatives behave as weak bases in it.
Mössbauer and Magnetic Study of Mononuclear and Oxo-bridged Binuclear Iron(III) Complexes of 1,10-Phenanthroline and 2,2′-Bipyridine
Authors: Garg V K , David P G , Matsuzawa Takao , Shinjo Teruya 
Published: July 2006

Abstract
The oxo-bridged binuclear iron(III) complexes [L2(NCS)Fe–O–Fe(NCS)L2]2+ (L=1,10-phenanthroline or 2,2′-bipyridine) were prepared recently in spite of the earlier report that they could not be prepared. The unperturbed and perturbed Mössbauer spectral and magnetic susceptibility data on these compounds are reported here and compared with those for the well characterized oxo-bridged compounds [L2XFe–O–FeXL2]2+ (X=Cl−, Br−, SO42−,/2 or NO3−). The effect of Fe–X bond (X=Cl−, Br−, SO42−/2, NO3−, or NCS−) on the Mössbauer parameters was investigated, and the results are discussed in terms of the bonding properties of these anionic ligands. The data indicate that the electronegativity of the X ligands has no significant effect on the Mössbauer parameters. Another system, the mononuclear iron(III) complexes [FeL2(NCS)2](NCS), investigated in this work showed no Mössbauer resonance at or above 223 K and below this temperature the unperturbed spectra exhibited a broad asymmetric singlet. Magnetic susceptibilities and magnetically perturbed Mössbauer spectra indicated that iron(III) ion in these mononuclear complexes was paramagnetic with S=5⁄2.