bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Circumcision Status and Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infection in Young Adult Males: An Analysis of a Longitudinal Birth Cohort
Authors: Fergusson David M. , Boden Joseph M. , Horwood L. John 
Published: November 2006

OBJECTIVES. Previous research suggests that male circumcision may be a protective factor against the acquisition of sexually transmitted infections; however, studies examining this question have produced mixed results. The aim of this study was to examine the association between circumcision status and sexually transmitted infection risk using a longitudinal birth cohort study.METHODS. Data were gathered as part of the Christchurch Health and Development Study, a 25-year longitudinal study of a birth cohort of New Zealand children. Information was obtained on: (1) the circumcision status of males in the cohort before 15 years old, (2) measures of self-reported sexually transmitted infection from ages 18 to 25 years, and (3) childhood, family, and related covariate factors.RESULTS. Being uncircumcised had a statistically significant bivariate association with self-reported sexually transmitted infection. Adjustment for potentially confounding factors, including number of sexual partners and unprotected sex, as well as background and family factors related to circumcision, did not reduce the association between circumcision status and reports of sexually transmitted infection. Estimates of the population-attributable risk suggested that universal neonatal circumcision would have reduced rates of sexually transmitted infection in this cohort by 48.2%.CONCLUSIONS. These findings suggest that uncircumcised males are at greater risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infection than circumcised males. Male circumcision may reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infection acquisition and transmission by up to one half, suggesting substantial benefits accruing from routine neonatal circumcision.
Telephone Outreach to Increase Colorectal Cancer Screening in an Urban Minority Population
Authors: Basch Charles E. , Wolf Randi L. , Brouse Corey H. , Shmukler Celia , Neugut Alfred , DeCarlo Lawrence T. , Shea Steven 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. We compared the effectiveness of a telephone outreach approach versus a direct mail approach in improving rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in a predominantly Black population. Methods. A randomized trial was conducted between 2000 and 2003 that followed 456 participants in the New York metropolitan area who had not had recent CRC screening. The intervention group received tailored telephone outreach, and the control group received mailed printed materials. The primary outcome was medically documented CRC screening 6 months or less after randomization. Results. CRC screening was documented in 61 of 226 (27.0%) intervention participants and in 14 of 230 (6.1%) controls (prevalence rate difference=20.9%; 95% CI = 14.34, 27.46). Compared with the control group, the intervention group was 4.4 times more likely to receive CRC screening within 6 months of randomization. Conclusions. Tailored telephone outreach can increase CRC screening in an urban minority population.
Advances in Medical Technology and Creation of Disparities: The Case of Down Syndrome
Authors: Khoshnood Babak , De Vigan Catherine , Vodovar Véronique , Bréart Gérard , Goffinet François , Blondel Béatrice 
Published: November 2006

Objectives. We assessed socioeconomic differences in probabilities of prena-tal diagnoses of Down syndrome and continuation of pregnancies after such diagnoses, along with the effects of these differences on disparities in live-birth prevalences of Down syndrome. Methods. Using population-based data derived from 1433 cases of Down syndrome and 3731 control births, we assessed age-adjusted effects of maternal occupation and geographic origin on prenatal diagnoses, as well as overall and live-birth odds, of Down syndrome. Results. Maternal occupation and geographic origin had significant effects on the probability of a prenatal diagnosis of Down syndrome and on continuation of pregnancy after such a diagnosis. Women in lower-status occupational categories had higher odds of delivering a live-born infant with Down syndrome. In comparison with women in the highest-status occupational category, the age-adjusted odds ratio for a Down syndrome live birth among women without an occupation was 2.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7, 3.3). By contrast, there were no disparities in age-adjusted overall likelihood of Down syndrome. Conclusions. Socioeconomic differences in use of prenatal testing have created disparities in the live-birth prevalence of Down syndrome. Overall Down syndrome risk does not vary according to socioeconomic status.
Influence of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane on gastroesophageal reflux during anesthesia in dogs
Authors: Wilson Deborah V. , Boruta Daniel T. , Evans A. Tom 
Published: November 2006

Abstract
Objective—To determine whether maintenance of anesthesia with halothane or sevoflurane is associated with a lower incidence of gastroesophageal reflux (GER) than the use of isoflurane in dogs undergoing orthopedic surgery.
Animals—90 dogs.
Procedures—Dogs were evaluated during elective orthopedic surgery. Dogs with a history of vomiting or that had received any drugs that would alter gastrointestinal tract function were excluded from the study. The anesthetic protocol used was standardized to include administration of acepromazine maleate and morphine prior to induction of anesthesia with thiopental. Dogs were allocated to receive halothane, isoflurane, or sevoflurane to maintain anesthesia. A sensor-tipped catheter was placed to measure esophageal pH during anesthesia. Gastroesophageal reflux was defined as an esophageal pH < 4or > 7.5.
Results—51 dogs had 1 or more episodes of acidic GER during anesthesia. Reflux was detected in 14 dogs receiving isoflurane, 19 dogs receiving halothane, and 18 dogs receiving sevoflurane. In dogs with GER, mean ± SD time from probe placement to onset of GER was 36 ± 65 minutes and esophageal pH remained < 4 for a mean of 64% of the measurement period. There was no significant association between GER and start of surgery or moving a dog on or off the surgery table. Dogs that developed GER soon after induction of anesthesia were more likely to regurgitate.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Maintenance of anesthesia with any of the 3 commonly used inhalant agents is associated with a similar risk for development of GER in dogs.
Trace analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics in bovine milk by MEKC with LIF detection
Authors: Serrano Juan Manuel , Silva Manuel 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis work describes a straightforward and sensitive method for the multi‐residue analysis of aminoglycoside antibiotics (kanamycin B, amikacin, neomycin B and paromomycin I) in bovine milk samples. The method involves the pre‐capillary derivatization of antibiotics with sulfoindocyanine succinimidyl ester (Cy5) and their separation and determination by MEKC with LIF detection. The optimum procedure includes a derivatization step of the antibiotics at 25°C for 30 min and direct injection for MEKC analysis, which is performed in about 20 min by using borate buffer (35 mM; pH 9.2) with 55 mM SDS as an anionic surfactant and 20% ACN as the organic modifier. Under these conditions, dynamic ranges of 10–500 µg/L and RSDs (within‐day precision) from 3.8 to 5.3% were obtained. These results indicate that the proposed MEKC‐LIF method is useful as a selective and sensitive tool for the determination of these antibiotics and surpasses other reported electrophoretic alternatives. Finally, the method was successfully applied to bovine milk samples after a simple solid‐phase extraction clean‐up and preconcentration procedure. The aminoglycosides were readily detected at 0.5–1.5 µg/kg levels with average recoveries ranging from 89.4 to 93.3%.
Estimation of the daily intake of nitrates and nitrites which children one to six years old, who attend State Nurseries in the City of Havanna, may consume
Authors: Garcíaroché M. O. , Bécquer A. , Arcia J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe knowledge of the amounts of nitrates and nitrites consumed by the child population is of great importance due to three fundamental aspects: Reduction of nitrates to nitrites. Relation of these to methemoglobinemia. Carcinogenicity of the N‐nitroso compounds, of which nitrites are the precursors. In the present article information is given as to the estimated amounts of nitrates and nitrites, which about 10000 children between one and six years of age, who attend State Nurseries in the City of Havanna, may consume through the daily intake of food, milk and water offered by the Centralized Kitchen “Cuba‐Finland Friendship”.The method of analysis used to determine nitrates and nitrites is that reported by the Mixed Committee FAO/OMS in 1976, using a reducing column containing cadmium described by FOLLET et al. in 1963. The statistical method employed is the t‐Test of the comparison of media.Estimated quantities of nitrates and nitrites, which these children may consume according to the offer of food, milk and water they receive, are: 25.6 mg of NaNO3 and 1.04 mg of NaNO2 for children one to three years of age. and 36.1 mg of NaNO3 and 1.48 mg of NaNO2 for children four to six. These values lie under those recommended as admissible daily intake reported by the Mixed Committee FAO/OMS. Therefore, there does not seem to exist a risk to health through consumption of nitrates and nitrites by the population under investigation.
Einfluß des Hefestammes Candida utilis auf die Bildung von Carbonylverbindungen während der Reifung von zwei Sortimenten Rohwurst des Typs „Lukanka”︁
Authors: Gadieva D. , Miteva E. , Nestorov N. , Radeva M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurde der Einfluß der lipolytische Enzyme bildenden Hefekultur Candida utilis auf die Dynamik der Bildung von Gesamtcarbonylen, Gesamtmonocarbonylen, Methylketonen, Alkenalen, 2‐Enalen und 2,4‐Dienalen an zwei Rohwurstsortimenten untersucht. Die Carbonylverbindungen werden aus der Wurst als 2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazone isoliert. Ihre Einteilung in Klassen erfolgt durch die Säulenchromatographie, und sie werden quantitativ durch ihre Absorption im UV‐Licht bestimmt. Das maximale Wachstum der Hefekultur führt zur Bildung von größeren Mengen an Gesamtcarbonylen, Monocarbonylen und ihren entsprechenden Unterfraktionen. Die Anhäufung von gesättigten und ungesättigten Aldehyden verbessert die Aromaeigenschaften des Produktes.
On the thermodynamic compatibility of Vicia faba protein with agar‐agar in aqueous media
Authors: Andersson O. , Schmandke H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBased on phenomenological studies the thermodynamic compatibility is described Ly a phase diagram. It shows the concentration conditions for mixtures of Vicia faba protein and agar‐agar in aqueous media leading to single‐phase systems in solution or gel. Complete compatibility was found for agar‐agar concentrations > 1.5% and Vicia faba protein concentrations ≤ 1 %. The same effect was observed for Vicia faba protein concentrations ≥ 1% and agar‐agar concentrations ≤ 0.4%.
Untersuchungen zur elektrischen Stimulation von Schaffleisch
Authors: Specht H. , Radespiel E. , Kunis J. , Sanshmjatawyn D. , Scharner E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn ausgewählten Muskeln und ganzen Tierkörpern wurde der Einfluß unterschiedlicher Stimulationsbedingungen (Spannung, Frequenz, Impulsform, Stimulationsdauer) auf die Qualität schnellgekühlten Schaffleisches untersucht. Die generell positiven Wirkungen der Elektrostimulation sind von der Höhe der angelegten Spannung abhängig und zeigen sich insbesondere in beschleunigtem Verlauf des pH‐Abfalls und erhöhter Fleischzartheit post mortem.
Zur Aussagefähigkeit zweimonatiger Lebensmittelerfassungen in Personenhaushalten
Authors: Ulbricht G. , Möhr M. , Pose G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGanzjährige Erfassungen des Lebensmittelverbrauchs privater Haushalte sind mit erheblichen Aufwendungen verbunden. Vereinfachungen bieten sich durch Verkürzungen der Erhebungszeiten an. Auf der Grundlage von 712 Erhebungen des Jahres 1974 werden zwei Monate ermittelt (April und August), die gegenüber Ganzjahresbefragungen im Hinblick auf die gewünschten Aussagen zu einem minimalen Informationsverlust führen. Von den 45 einbezogenen Lebensmittelgruppen haben nur 5 (Speisekartoffeln, Frischgemüse, Frischobst, Südfrüchte und Zucker) besonderen Einfluß auf die Monate, die für die Erhebung auszuwählen sind.
Intestinalflora unter Streßbedingungen
Authors: Meng W. , Partala E. , Bernhardt H. , Knoke M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDie Mikroflora im Duodenalsaft und im Stuhl wird bei gesunden Probanden unter der Einwirkung eines endokrinen Streß (Verabreichung von ACTH, Wachstumshormon und Triiodthyronin) untersucht. Insgesamt ansteigende Keimzahlen lassen sich im Duodenalsaft erst nach 3 Wochen Streßdauer nachweisen. Im Stuhl tritt eine Verminderung der aeroben Keime auf, was sich bei den Coliformen widerspiegelt, während die Anaerobier vermehrt sind. Das Streßmodell erscheint für derartige Untersuchungen geeignet.
Rotavirusnachweis bei Patienten mit Malabsorption
Authors: Fiehring C. , Körting H. J. , Jung G. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnhand von Gewebsuntersuchungen sollten Häufigkeit und Krankheitswert von Rotaviren eingeschätzt werden. Dabei handelte es sich um 53 Gewebsproben aus dem Jejunum, die vor allem bei Kindern im Alter bis zu 15 Jahren saugbioptisch gewonnen worden waren. Die Patienten waren entweder seit Jahren wegen ihrer Malabsorption in spezieller gastroenterologischer Betreuung oder erst wegen Verdachtes auf Vorliegen einer solchen Erkrankung neu hinzugekommen. In 43% der Fälle konnte Rotavirusantigen immunhistologisch nachgewiesen werden, wobei nur der kleinere Teil der Patienten (Säuglinge und Kleinkinder) eine entsprechende Krankheitssymptomatik bot. Der größere Teil der Untersuchten war diesbezüglich unauffällig.
Metronidazol und Neomycin zur Wundinfektionsprophylaxe in der Colon‐ und Rectumchirurgie
Authors: Nowak W. , Erbe H.‐J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAn postoperativen Wundinfektionen nach Eingriffen am Dickdarm sind Anaerobier (z. B. Bacteroides) häufiger beteiligt, als früher angenommen. Eine chemotherapeutische Wundinfektionsprophylaxe ist mit Metronidazol und Neomycin möglich. Metronidazol wirkt ausschließlich auf anaerob wachsende Keime.
Biochemical activity of intestinal microflora in adult coeliac disease
Authors: Tamm A. O. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn order to answer up to now open questions regarding the role of the microflora in the pathophysiology of adult coeliac disease the excretion of bacterial metabolites in urine has been followed. Unusual high outputs of p‐cresol and/or phenol were found in almost all patients, whereas an increased excretion of indican could be observed in a few persons, only. The response to short‐term antibacterial therapy was variable.
Chemotherapeutikazusätze zur selektiven Anaerobieranzucht
Authors: Bernhardt H. , Knoke M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEs wurden verschiedene Chemotherapeutika mit dem Ziel ausgetestet, ein Selektivmedium für die Kultur der grampositiven, sporenlosen Stäbchen zu finden. Durch Zusatz von 5 μg Metronidazol/ml zum Brainheart‐infusion‐supplemented‐Agar oder Auflage von Metronidazol‐Blättchen war es möglich, Teststämme selektiv anzuzüchten. Lincomycin (5 μg/ml), Clindamycin (5 μg/ml) und Novobiocin (5 μg/ml) hemmten fast alle Teststämme. Spectinomycin (5 μg/ml) und Neomycin (5 bzw. 10 μg/ml) ließen keine Hemmwirkung erkennen. Bei Einsatz von 100 μg Neomycin/ml waren die grampositiven Anaerobier deutlich gehemmt.
Beiträge zur Psychophysik des Süßgeschmacks 4. Mitt. Methodischer Nachtrag zum Einfluß der Versuchsanordnung und des Spülregimes bei Differenzprüfungen
Authors: Hoppe K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBeim einfachen paarweisen Vergleich von Saccharoselösungen wenig unterschiedlicher Konzentration ist mit Wasserzwischenspülung des Mundes der Quotient aus Reaktionshäufigkeit und Konzentrationsdifferenz konstant. Dagegen trifft das ohne Wasserspülung für den Quotienten der z‐transformierten Reaktionshäufigkeit und der Konzentrationsdifferenz zu. Diese Wirkung der Wasserspülung wird durch Festhalten des Mittelwertes bei symmetrisch zur Basiskonzentration angelegten Vergleichskonzentration aufgehoben.Damit wird der Einfluß des Spülregimes auf subjektive Bezugssystembildung zurückgeführt. Die Reaktionshäufigkeiten sind nur bei einfachem paarweisem Vergleich ohne Wasserzwischenspülung im Rahmen einer normalisierten Binomialverteilung zu erfassen. Für reproduzierbare Reiz‐Empfindungs‐Skalierungen im Fechner'schen Sinne sind nur aus solchen Reaktionshäufigkeiten berechnete Unterschiedsschwellen brauchbar. Abschließend werden für eine größere Zahl von Süßungsmitteln die Parameter dieser Skalierung zusammengestellt.
The application of multivariat mathematical‐statistical methods to the solution of problems in nutrition science, food economics and foodstuff technology Part 3. Statistical second order designs
Authors: Erhardt V. , Täufel A. , Seppelt B. , Ruttloff H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe application of second order designs is dealt with in the case of the optimization of waffle production. A second order design with 3 explanatory variables (protease supply, reaction time, water addition) is worked out. The results are evaluated under four aspects:

– the computation of statistical data
– the crest‐line analysis according to Hoerl (optimization)
– the graphical presentation of results and
– the computation of further combinations.

Control experiments using the second order designs give 3% deviation, compared to 17% using the first order design. Hence it follows that the second order design describes the relationship between effect variable and explanatory variable exactly.
Zum enzymatischen Abbau des DDT 2. Mitt. Enzymatische Nebenreaktionen
Authors: Kujawa M. , Macholz R. M. , Engst R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractNeben den Veränderungen des DDT‐Moleküls durch enzymatische Reaktionen am Grundgerüst sind in letzter Zeit auch Modifizierungen der Phenylringe bekannt geworden. Insbesondere das DDE, das bislang als besonders stabil angesehen wurde, unterliegt der enzymatischen Hydroxylierung unter Bildung mehrerer Isomere. Weiterhin gelang es, Methylsulfonyl‐Derivate des DDE zu isolieren. Spaltungen des Phenylrings durch mikrobielle Einflüsse und dessen Verstoffwechslung werden ebenfalls beschrieben.
Mycotoxins in cereal grain. Part XI. Simple multidetection procedure for determination of 11 mycotoxins in cereals
Authors: Grabarkiewicz‐Szczȩsna J. , Goliński P. , Chełkowski J. , Szebiotko K. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA simple method for the simultaneous detection of the 11 mycotoxins aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1, G2), ochratoxin A, zearalenone, sterigmatocystin, citrinin, penicillic acid, T‐2 toxin and rubratoxin B is reported. The elaborated method was tested for all cited mycotoxins extracted from 5 cereal species (rye, barley, wheat, oats and corn) spiked with mycotoxins standards.Different chromatoplates, developing solvents and spraying reagents were tested. New tests and modification of known confirmatory tests, recovery and detection limits are reported.
The fatty acid composition of Iraqi ewe's, goat's and cow's milk fat
Authors: Abo‐Elnaga I. G. , El‐Dahan A. S. , Ridha S. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe analysis of the fatty acid composition of 6 samples of the milk fat of each ewes and goats and of 3 samples of the milk fat of cows was accomplished using Hewlett‐Packard gas‐liquid chromatograph Model 5711 A, provided with an electronic integrator Model 3380. Separation of the methyl esters was performed on columns of 10% sailor on Chromosorb. Temperature programming between 100°C and 180°C was used.The milk fats were qualitatively similar but differed quantitatively. Both ewe's and goat's milk fat had a greater amount of short‐chain fatty acids than cow's milk fat. Goat's milk fat contained a higher percentage of short‐chain fatty acids compared to that of ewe's milk fat and of goat's milk fat reported in the literature.
Some functional properties of oilseed proteins
Authors: Khalil M. , Ragab M. , Hassanien F. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOilseeds have potential food uses because of their high protein content. Besides, these proteins when added to a type of foods, supply desirable functional properties, such as whipping capacity and viscosity, emulsification and water and oil holding capacities. Rapeseed and soybean protein isolates were found to possess whipping capacity followed by those of sunflower, peanut, sesame, cottonseed and safflower. The addition of sugar improved the whipping properties of oilseed proteins. The whipping capacity of oilseed proteins decreased due to heating at 100°C for time of 15 to 60 min.Soybean protein had the highest emulsifying capacity compared with the other oilseed proteins. The heated oilseed proteins had emulsification properties similar to or better than the control.Glandless cottonseed protein had high water and oil holding capacities. The water holding capacity of oilseed proteins decreased gradually as the duration of heating at 100°C was increased. On the other hand the heated oilseed proteins had oil holding capacities similar to or better than umheated proteins.
Thermodynamic compatibility of proteins in aqueous media. Part 2. The effect of some physicochemical factors on thermodynamic compatibility of casein and soybean globulin fraction
Authors: Polyakov V. I. , Popello I. A. , Grinberg V. Ya. , Tolstoguzov V. B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA study has been made on the effect of temperature, sodium chloride, pH and cysteine on the thermodynamic compatibility of casein and soybean globulin fraction in aqueous medium. The section of miscibility gap characterizing the influence of the indicated factors on the compatibility of proteins has been determined. Assessment has been made of the influence of pH and cysteine on a) the effective molecular weights of casein and soybean globulin fraction and b) the difference in the intensity of interaction between each protein and a solvent. The experimental data obtained on the compatibility of proteins were found in good agreement with the theoretical concepts which establish the dependence of the compatibility of polymers on the ratio of their molecular weights, the intensity of interactions between polymers, as well as on the difference in the intensities of interaction between each of them and a solvent, i.e. on the difference of protein hydrophilicities.
Loss of white pickled cheese constituents ripened with and without salt whey
Authors: Hegazi Fakhreya Z. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThere was not any relationship between the total protein content of old pickling whey examined and the salt concentration, but the soluble protein and acidity were inversely related. Calcium and phosphorus increased with increased acidity. Electrophoretic analysis of the old pickling whey samples, clarified by centrifugation, revealed the presence of only 2–4 protein peaks probably of the β‐lactoglobulin type.Raw milk cheese ripened with its own salt whey lost 74.1 g milk dry matter (MDM), 44.7 g total protein (TP), 27.6 g soluble protein (SP), 2.2 g amino acid nitrogen, (AAN), 4.0 g Ca and 0.712 g P per kg cheese (fresh weight), at 7 months of age. When ripening occurred without whey, the loss were only 61.9, 32.7, 17.4, 2.4, 2.6 and 0.448, respectively.Cheese made of milk momentarily heated to 72°C and ripened with whey lost 60.7 g MDM, 42.9 g TP, 32.1 g SP, 0.866 g AAN, 2.9 g Ca and 0.477 g P per kg cheese. Ripening without whey resulted in a loss of 60.2, 33.8, 21.3, 1.4, 2.6 and 0.483, respectively.