bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Possible involvement of alpha‐2A adrenergic receptors in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Radioligand binding and polymorphism studies
Authors: Deupree J.D. , Smith S.D. , Kratochvil C.J. , Bohac D. , Ellis C.R. , Polaha J. , Bylund D.B. ,   UNMC Collaborative ADHD Research Team
Published: August 2006

AbstractNeuropharmacological and genetic association studies have implicated norepinephrine and adrenergic receptors in the pathogenesis of ADHD. The purpose of this study was to compare genetic association studies of three polymorphisms of the alpha‐2A adrenergic receptor gene (ADRA2A) with radioligand binding studies of the alpha‐2A adrenergic receptor protein in platelets from a sample of children without or with ADHD. The pediatric subjects ranged from 6 to 18 years of age. A thorough clinical assessment of each child resulted in one of the following DSM‐IV ADHD diagnoses: inattentive, hyperactive/impulsive, combined, or no ADHD. No significant linkage was found between the ADRA2A polymorphisms (MspI, HhaI, and DraI) and any of the phenotypes tested. Association analysis, however, did detect significant linkage disequilibrium for the DraI polymorphism. Association was also evaluated considering the three ADRA2A single nucleotide polymorphisms as haplotypes. The HhaI‐DraI and the MspI‐HhaI‐DraI haplotypes were significantly associated with ADHD. The platelet alpha‐2 adrenergic receptor density did not differ between children without or with ADHD. The affinity of the receptor for the radioligand however, differed significantly between those without and with ADHD. In addition, there were some significant correlations between binding parameters and severity of ADHD in this well‐characterized clinical population, and significant association was found between these measures of receptor function and MspI and DraI polymorphisms. Thus, both the genetic and the binding studies indicate that the alpha‐2 adrenergic receptor may play a role in ADHD. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isolation of monomethylarsonic acid‐mineralizing bacteria from arsenic contaminated soils of Ohkunoshima Island
Authors: Maki Teruya , Takeda Noriko , Hasegawa Hiroshi , Ueda Kazumasa 
Published: August 2006

AbstractChemical warfare agents, composed of harmful organoarsenic compounds have contaminated the soils of Ohkunoshima Island with high levels of arsenic. As a basic research establishing useful bioremediation techniques, environmental factors such as arsenic concentrations and bacterial biomass in the soils were investigated. Among the five stations of Ohkunoshima Island, the soils of four stations were contaminated by high levels of arsenic compounds at concentrations of 125, 12.7, 3.29 and 0.504 g/kg soil, while the other station with low arsenic concentrations of 0.007 g/kg soil was considered an uncontaminated area. The distribution of arsenic compounds originating from the chemical weapon agent differs among the various areas of Ohkunoshima Island. The cell densities of arsenate‐resistant bacteria also varied among the five stations, ranging from 106 to 108 cells/g soil. In an attempt to isolate bacteria that strongly mineralize the organoarsenic compounds, the mineralization activities for monomethylarsonic acid [MMAA(V)] of 48 isolates of arsenate‐resistant bacteria were determined. Only nine isolates reduced 140 µg/l of MMAA(V), giving decreasing percentages ranging from 5 to 100% within 14 days. Among the nine isolates, two remarkably converted 140 µg/l of MMAA to more than 71 µg/l of inorganic arsenic. Presumably only specific members of the environmental bacterial population have strong mineralization activities for MMAA. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rDNA sequences showed that the two isolates belonged to the Pseudomonas putida strains, which are known to have strong mineralization activity for various organic compounds. In the soil contaminated by arsenic at a high level, few bacteria in the arsenate‐resistant bacterial group would significantly mineralize organoarsenic compounds. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A protocol standard for heterogeneous telescope networks
Authors: Allan A. , Hessman F. , Bischoff K. , Burgdorf M. , Cavanagh B. , Christian D. , Clay N. , Dickens R. , Economou F. , Fadavi M. , Fraser S. , Granzer T. , Grosvenor S. , Jenness T. , Koratkar A. , Lehner M. , Mottram C. , Naylor T. , Saunders E. , Solomos N. , Steele I. , Tuparev G. , Vestrand T. , White R. , Yost S. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe scientific need for a standard protocol permitting the exchange of generic observing services is rapidly escalating as more observatories adopt service observing as a standard operating mode and as more remote or robotic telescopes are brought on‐line. To respond to this need, we present the results of the first interoperability workshop for Heterogeneous Telescope Networks (HTN) held in Exeter. We present a draft protocol, designed to be independent of the specific instrumentation and software that controls the remote and/or robotic telescopes, allowing these telescopes to appear to the user with a unified interface despite any underlying architectural differences. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Astronomical network event and observation notification
Authors: White R. R. , Allan A. , Barthelmy S. , Bloom J. , Graham M. , Hessman F. V. , Marka S. , Rots A. , Scholberg K. , Seaman R. , Stoughton C. , Vestrand W. T. , Williams R. , Wozniak P. R. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractNetworks are becoming a key element in most current and all future, telescope and observatory projects. The ability to easily and efficiently pass observation data, alert data and instrumentation requests between distributed systems could enable science as never before. However, any effective large scale or meta‐network of astronomical resources will require a common communication format or development resources will have to be continuously dedicated to creating interpreters. The necessary elements of any astronomy communication can be easily identified, efficiently described and rigidly formatted so that both robotic and human operations can use the same data. In this paper we will explore the current state of notification, what notification requirements are essential to create a successful standard and present a standard now under development by the International Virtual Observatory Alliance (IVOA), called the VOEvent. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Application of preferential crystallization to resolve racemic compounds in a hybrid process
Authors: Lorenz Heike , Polenske Daniel , Seidel‐Morgenstern Andreas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe application of preferential crystallization is at present limited to conglomerate forming systems, which cover only a minor part of chiral substances. In this paper, a hybrid process is proposed that extends the applicability of the preferential crystallization principle to the more common racemic compound forming systems. It comprises a preliminary (e.g., chromatographic) enantiomeric enrichment step and preferential crystallization to finally produce the desired pure enantiomer(s). The applicability of preferential crystallization to racemic compounds is demonstrated on the example of mandelic acid as a model system. Direct monitoring of the separation progress is performed using combined online polarimetry and online density measurements. A cyclic crystallization process, which provides alternating the pure mandelic acid enantiomer and the racemic compound, is feasible and allows the resolution of rac‐mandelic acid as part of the proposed hybrid approach. Chirality 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conformationally Constrained CCK8 Analogues Obtained from a Rationally Designed Peptide Library as Ligands for Cholecystokinin Type B Receptor
Authors: De Luca Stefania , Saviano Michele , Della Moglie Raffaella , Digilio Giuseppe , Bracco Chiara , Aloj Luigi , Tarallo Laura , Pedone Carlo , Morelli Giancarlo 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA library of 14 cyclic peptide analogues derived from the octapeptide C‐terminal sequence of the human cholecystokinin hormone (CCK(26–33), or CCK8) was designed, synthesized, and characterized. The 14 peptide analogues were rationally designed to specifically interact with the CCK type B receptor (CCKB‐R) on the basis of the structure of the bimolecular complex between CCK8 and the third extracellular loop of CCKB‐R, namely CCKB‐R(352–379). The rational design of new ligands for CCKB‐R has relied on stabilization by cyclic constraints of the structural motifs that bring the key residues of the ligand (especially Trp 30, Met 31, and Phe 33) in the proper spatial orientation for optimal interaction with the receptor. The binding affinity of the new ligands for CCKB‐R was assessed by displacement experiments of 111In‐radiolabeled CCK8 in cells that overexpress the CCKB receptor. The new ligands generally showed binding affinities lower than that of parent CCK8, with the best compounds having IC50 values around 10 μM. Structure–activity relationship data show that preservation of the Trp 30–Met 31 motif is essential and that the Phe 33 side chain must be present. NMR conformational studies of the compound with maximal binding affinity (cyclo‐B11, IC50=11 μM) in DPC micelles shows that this compound presents a turn‐like conformation centered at the Trp 30–Met 31 segment, as planned by rational design. Such a conformation is stabilized by its interaction with the micelle rather than by the cyclic constraint.
Fickian Diffusion Constrained on Spherical Surfaces: Voltammetry
Authors: Thompson Mary , Compton Richard G. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA model is developed for the voltammetric response due to surface charge injection at a single point on the surface of a sphere on whose surface the electroactive material is confined. Accordingly, charge diffusion is constrained to the spherical surface and thus mimicks the voltammetric response of immobilised microparticles derivatised with electroactive material. The full cyclic voltammetric response is investigated, and the peak currents, the peak‐to‐peak separation and the symmetry of the voltammetric wave are shown to be indicative of the heterogeneous kinetics and the geometry of the adsorbed microparticle. The results show strong deviations from the responses expected for planar diffusion.
Residual vibration suppression using initial value compensation for repetitive positioning
Authors: Hirose Noriaki , Kawafuku Motohiro , Iwasaki Makoto , Hirai Hiromu 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThis paper presents a novel residual vibration suppression methodology for repetitive fast‐response and high‐precision positioning in machine tool drives. In sequential positioning motions, as the interval period of position references becomes shorter, the residual vibration in response due to undesired initial values deteriorates the positioning accuracy, since the positioning controller is generally designed on the condition that initial state variables are zero. In this research, an Initial Value Compensation (IVC) approach is proposed under the theoretical study on effects of the initial state values on the position transient response. The IVC can appropriately assign poles and zeros of the transfer characteristic of position output for the initial values by applying an additional input corresponding to the initial state variables, enabling the response to be residual vibration free. The desired positioning performance, as a result, can be achieved in repetitive motions with arbitrary interval period. The effectiveness of the proposed compensation has been verified by numerical simulations and experiments using a positioning device of industrial machine tools. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(3): 63–72, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20276 Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corona and micro‐gap discharge at a wire particle in precessional motion under a DC electric field
Authors: Kudo Yusuke , Sugimoto Toshiyuki , Higashiyama Yoshio 
Published: August 2006

AbstractA free wire particle located in an electric field between parallel plate electrodes manifests several motions: standing, precession on the electrode, crossing, and breakdown via the particle. During stable standing or precessional motion, the corona discharge inevitably occurs. To clarify the influence of discharge phenomenon on the behavior of the wire particle, the corona discharge characteristic of the particle in the precession was investigated experimentally in a DC electric field formed by parallel plate electrodes with a positive voltage applied to the upper electrode. The waveforms of the corona discharge current flowing through a 6‐mm wire particle were measured under two conditions: when a free wire was in precession on the lower electrode and when a wire was fixed between the electrodes vertically with a spacing of less than 1 mm between the lower electrode and the bottom of the particle. From a comparison of the waveform of corona discharge occurring at the particle in precession with that of the fixed particle, it was found that both micro‐gap discharge and negative corona occurred simultaneously only when the particle was in precession with a relatively small elevation angle. The particle was lifted up when the magnitude of the corona discharge current was decreased below about 15 µA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(2): 8–14, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20278
Carrier‐envelope phase‐stabilized chirped‐pulse amplification system
Authors: Takamiya Hiroaki , Kakehata Masayuki , Nishijima Kazuki , Takada Hideyuki , Kobayashi Yohei , Homma Tetsuya , Takahashi Hideo , Torizuka Kenji 
Published: August 2006

AbstractWe demonstrated a carrier‐envelope phase (CEP) stabilized chirped‐pulse amplifier system. This amplifier system is composed of grating based pulse‐stretcher and compressor, a regenerative amplifier and a multi‐pass amplifier. We employed a new pulse‐pick‐up method to select CEP stabilized seed pulses. This pulse selection method is different from established practice which is based on pulse train timing, but is based on CEP of seed pulse. We measured amplitude‐to‐phase noise conversion coefficient of microstructure fiber and evaluated the additional out‐of‐loop error of carrier‐envelope offset (CEO) control. We also investigated the effect of beam pointing of the measured fringe shift in self‐referencing spectral interference method. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 157(3): 35–42, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20334 Copyright © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Neuronal overexpression of tissue‐type plasminogen activator does not enhance sensory axon regeneration or locomotor recovery following dorsal hemisection of adult mouse thoracic spinal cord
Authors: Moon L.D.F. , Madani R. , Vassalli J.‐D. , Bunge M.B. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCNS axons rarely regenerate spontaneously back to original targets following spinal cord injury (SCI). Neuronal expression of the serine protease tissue‐type plasminogen activator (tPA) enhances axon growth in vitro and following PNS injury. Here we test the hypothesis that neuronal overexpression of tPA in adult transgenic mice promotes CNS axon regeneration and functional recovery following SCI. Adult wild‐type and transgenic mouse spinal cords were subjected to dorsal hemisection at the level of the T10/T11 vertebrae. PCR confirmed incorporation of the transgene. Immunolabeling revealed overexpression of tPA in transgenic mice in neurons, including large‐diameter neurons in lumbar dorsal root ganglia that contribute axons to the dorsal columns. Immunolabeling also revealed the presence of tPA protein within axons juxtaposing the injury site in transgenics but not wild types. In situ zymography revealed abundant enzymatic activity of tPA in gray matter of thoracic spinal cords of transgenics but not wild types. Rotorod locomotor testing revealed no differences between groups in locomotor function up to 21 days postinjury. Transganglionic tracer was injected into the crushed right sciatic nerve 28 days postinjury, and mice were killed 3 days later. There was no evidence for regrowth of ascending dorsal column sensory axons through or beyond the injury site. In conclusion, despite neuronal overexpression of tPA in injured neurons of transgenics, neither locomotor recovery nor regeneration of ascending sensory axons was observed following thoracic dorsal hemisection. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The fluorimetric FAST method, a simple tool for the optimization of microwave pasteurization of milk
Authors: Tessier Frederic J. , Gadonna‐Widehem Pascale , Laguerre Jean‐Claude 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe effect of microwave pasteurization of cow's milk on its nutritional quality was examined by the FAST method (Fluorescence of Advanced Maillard products and Soluble Tryptophan). Raw milk samples were submitted to different laboratory scale in batch microwave treatments using a central composite experimental design based on specific power and treatment time. The FAST index and bacterial count were monitored to assess protein denaturation, modification by the Maillard reaction and pasteurization efficiency, respectively. High discrimination between samples indicated that the FAST method is a potent tool for estimating the deterioration of the milk quality during experimental microwave treatment. Thus, the FAST index can be effectively used as the continuous response in experimental designs set up and to maximize information economically. In short, the FAST method allows us to retain the rapidity of experimental design while providing the advantages of convenience and low cost.
Lack of RUNX3 regulation in human gastric cancer
Authors: Friedrich MJ , Rad R , Langer R , Voland P , Hoefler H , Schmid RM , Prinz C , Gerhard M 
Published: August 2006

AbstractIt has been proposed that the transcription factor RUNX3 is the product of a gastric tumour suppressor gene. We examined RUNX3 expression in gastric biopsies from 105 patients with different histological presentations. Surprisingly, immunohistochemical staining detected RUNX3 protein expression only in infiltrating leukocytes but not in the gastric epithelium. Using laser capture microdissection and quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction, we confirmed that the level of RUNX3 mRNA expression in the gastric epithelium was very low and was influenced neither by H. pylori infection nor by neoplastic transformation. Instead, RUNX3 was highly expressed in the gastric stroma and the level of expression correlated with the magnitude of H. pylori‐induced gastric inflammation. The low level of RUNX3 expression in gastric epithelium and the absence of downregulation in gastric cancer do not support the hypothesis that RUNX3 functions as a gastric tumour suppressor gene. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Senescence and serration: a new twist to an old tale
Authors: Minoo P , Jass JR 
Published: August 2006

AbstractInterest in the role of oncogene‐induced senescence in tumorigenesis is mounting. Raf‐associated senescence in cutaneous nevi has been advanced as an example of this process occurring in the context of a human tumour. In this model, conversion from a senescent nevus to a malignant melanoma is accompanied by loss of expression of p16. Serrated polyps of the colorectum may provide a further example of oncogene‐induced senescence. BRAF and KRAS mutation may initiate different pathways of senescence‐associated serrated neoplasia in the colorectum, the former linked to CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP)‐high (CIMP1) and microsatellite instability (MSI)‐high status and the latter with CIMP‐low (CIMP2) and MSI‐low status. The role of methylation in both Raf‐ and Ras‐associated pathways is to drive tumorigenesis by silencing pro‐apoptotic and cell cycle inhibitory genes. Both pathways are associated with mutation of Ras‐induced senescence 1 (RIS1), but the biological role of RIS1 requires further elucidation. Copyright © 2006 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical approach for depth profiling with GE‐XRF
Authors: Okhrimovskyy Andriy , Tsuji Kouichi 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe atomic percentage of implanted particles on the sample surface was estimated from the peak position of angle dependency of the experimental grazing exit X‐ray fluorescence (GE‐XRF) intensity profile. An algorithm for constructing three‐parametric Gaussian‐type depth profiles of atoms implanted in a substrate was developed. The position of the maximum and its value of the implanted particles distribution as well as a dispersion of that distribution were considered in the calculations. The model was applied to the intensity of the As Kα line emitted from As atoms implanted in a Si wafer. The least‐square method was used to minimize the overall difference between experimental and calculated GE‐XRF intensity. Optimum parameters of the particle distribution were determined in this procedure. Using that profile, the depth dependencies of effective real and imaginary parts of atomic scattering factor and complex index of refraction of the sample material were evaluated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Identity of the Work: agents and processes of electroacoustic music
Authors: ZATTRA LAURA 
Published: August 2006

An electroacoustic musical work is a complex network of processes and elements: technical, musical, human, etc.; therefore, while the aesthetic perception is unified, its definition is fragmentary. This observation compels us to intensify our study of a taxonomy of agents and processes, with the aim of clarifying the identity of this music.The discussion is positioned according to two different vantage points: (i) analysis of works, and (ii) the writings devoted to the aesthetics of electroacoustic music. Musicological analysis is simultaneously the means, the goal and the motivation for getting to know this arborescent reality. It allows us to arrive at the identification of six agents and four processes associated with the work, whose main properties we will describe. These elements are used as a methodological and theoretical grid for organising the discussion about the works. The question centres on a paradigm which is created from the analysis and returns to it, as an essential link between hermeneutic knowledge and the knowledge of the internal logic of an electroacoustic work.
Gestural-Sonorous Objects: embodied extensions of Schaeffer's conceptual apparatus
Authors: GODØY ROLF INGE 
Published: August 2006

One of the most remarkable achievements of Pierre Schaeffer's musical thought is his proposal of the sonorous object as the focus of research. The sonorous object is a fragment of sound, typically in the range of a few seconds (often even less), perceived as a unit. Sonorous objects are constituted, studied, and evaluated according to various criteria, and sonorous objects that are found suitable are regarded as musical objects that may be used in musical composition. In the selection and qualification of these sonorous objects, we are encouraged to practise what Schaeffer called ‘reduced listening’, meaning disregarding the original context of the sound, including its source and signification, and instead focus our listening on the sonorous features.However, it can be argued that this principle of ‘reduced listening’ is not in conflict with more fundamental principles of embodied cognition, and that the criteria for the constitution, and the various feature qualifications, of sonorous objects can be linked to gestural images. Also, there are several similarities between studying sound and gestures from a phenomenological perspective, and it is suggested that Schaeffer's theoretical concepts may be extended to what is called gestural-sonorous objects.