bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery in a residency training program
Authors: Ramadan Hassan H. , Allen Gregory C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractEndoscopic sinus surgery has emerged in the last decade as the treatment of choice for chronic sinusitis. Reports of complications of the procedure from different centers vary depending on the technique used and the experience of the surgeon.Between August 1990 and August 1993, 337 patients underwent endoscopic sinus surgery at West Virginia University. Most of the cases were performed by senior residents under faculty supervision.Minor complications were encountered in 15.1% of the cases and major complications in 1.5% of the patients.The most common major complication was cerebrospinal fluid leak. All patients with cerebrospinal fluid leaks were diagnosed and treated successfully at the time of surgery. Middle turbinate adhesions and orbital penetration were the most common minor complications. Routine partial middle turbinectomy did not decrease the adhesion rate.Endoscopic sinus surgery is a relatively safe procedure, even when performed by residents under adequate supervision.
Dehiscence of the jugular bulb in crouzon's disease
Authors: Van Die A. , De Groot J. A. M. , Zonneveld F. W. , Vaandrager J. M. , Beck F. J. A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with Crouzon's disease have a distorted nasopharynx, which frequently leads to retained middle ear secretions and necessitates myringotomy. A review of the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 21 ears in 11 patients with Crouzon's disease found that 12 jugular bulbs were protruding or dehiscent. The relationship between the jugular bulb and the middle ear space was normal bilaterally in only 2 of the 11 patients. Consequently, patients with Crouzon's disease are at risk for inadvertent puncture of the jugular bulb during myringotomy. CT scans obtained prior to myringotomy can be helpful in detecting dehiscent or protruding jugular bulbs.
Performance of prelingually and postlingually deaf patients using single‐channel or multichanel cochlear implants
Authors: Hinderink Johannes B. , Mens Lucas H.M. , Van Der Broek Paul , Brokx Jan P.L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe auditory and aided lipreading performance of 8 prelingually and 11 postlingually deaf patients who had received a single‐channel or multichannel cochlear implant was evaluated during 2 years of follow‐up. Although all the patients improved on both closed‐set pattern recognition and speech drimination tests and on a Continouous Discourse Tracking task, the most significant improvement was observed in the postlingually deaf patients who were using a multichannel implant. These patients were the only ones to achieve open‐set speech recognition in the auditory‐only condition. Only small differences were found between prelingually deaf patients who were using a single‐channel system and those who were using a multichannel system. The users' evaluations, obtained by means of a questionnaire, were generally positive in all patients. Based on the study results, the authors concluded that it is feasible to use cochlear implants in highly motivated prelingaully deaf patients who have learned to use oral‐aural communication.
Laryngeal reconstruction using allogeneic cartilages
Authors: Bujia J. , Wilmes E. , Osete J. M. , Sprekelsen C. , Hammer C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPreserved allogeneic cartilage has been used to reconstruct laryngeal defects. The most important problem with this approach has been graft resorption, which seems to be caused by devitalization of the grafts as a consequence of preservation. In this study, the authors compared the in vivo behavior of vital and nonvital preserved cartilage used to reconstruct the larynx of New Zealand white rabbits. The vital cartilage grafts were stored using organ culture procedures, and the nonvital grafts were stored in formaldehyde. While the formaldehyde‐preserved cartilage showed inflammatory changes, the transplanted vital cartilage was well accepted and showed no evidence of immune cell infiltrations. The authors concluded that viable cartilage grafts are preferable to grafts of chemically preserved cartilage.
Does uvulopalatopharyngoplasty inhibit automobile accidents?
Authors: Haraldsson Per‐Olle , Carenfelt Christer , Lysdahl Michael , Tingvall Claes 
Published: October 2006

AbstractPatients with rhonchopathy, which includes obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), who report sleepy spells at the wheel do poorly on simulated monotonous driving tests and have a twofold to threefold increase in traffic accidents. To assess whether drivers with rhonchopathy (heavy snoring, sleep disturbances, and daytime sleepiness) cause fewer automobile accidents after uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP), the car accident rate for the first 5 years after surgery was compared to the rate of the 5 years immediately before the operation. Data were collected by means of a self‐report questionnaire. Fifty‐six patients with rhonchopathy were compared to 142 controls without rhonchopathy who had been subjected to nasal surgery. The response rates were 96% and 94%, respectively. The reported habitual sleepiness while driving had disappeared in 87% (P<.001) of drivers who had the problem preoperative. The accident risk reduction (corrected for mileage) in patients was almost four times greater than the reduction in controls (P<.001) after surgery. The relative rate of patients involved in any single‐car accident fell by 77% (P<.05), and the relative rate of single‐car accidents fell by 83% (P<.001). It is concluded that drivers with rhonchopathy have an increased risk for car accidents, especially single‐car accidents, but that this risk returns to normal after UPPP.
Branchial anomalies: A review of 52 cases
Authors: Choi Sukgi S. , Zalzal George H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFifty‐two patients with branchial anomalies (BA) treated at the Children's National Medical Center between 1983 and 1993 were reviewed to determine the incidence of different types of anomalies and to analyze the authors' method of diagnosis and management. First BA was seen in 25%, second in 40%, third in 8%, and fourth in 2%. In 25%, the origin of the anomaly was undetermined. Our incidence of first BA was significantly higher than the incidence reported in other series. Of the anomalies, sinuses were more common than cysts or fistulae. Sinuses tend to present at an earlier age than cysts, which take time to enlarge and present clinically. Repeated incision and drainage and incomplete excisions were frequently seen with first, third, and fourth anomalies due to misdiagnosis. Recent trend has been to utilize radiographic studies more frequently, and they have been found to be helpful in guiding surgical therapy, particularly with the more complicated cases.
Unilateral acoustic tumors: How often do they recur after translabyrinthine removal?
Authors: Shelton Clough 
Published: October 2006

AbstractUnilateral acoustic tumors rarely recur after total translabyrinthine removal. Review of the patient records of the House Ear Clinic revealed five recurrent tumors, for an approximate incidence of 0.3%. A questionnaire was mailed to 857 patients who were at least 9 years postoperative and failed to find any additional recurrent tumors. No preoperative or intraoperative factors were identified to predict recurrence. The average time interval from initial removal to recurrence was approximately 10 years. Flow cytometric analysis did not reveal any fundamental differences between the recurrent acoustic tumor group and a larger group of 112 acoustic tumors.Based on observed growth rates of the recurrent acoustic tumors, a single gadolinium‐enhanced magnetic resonance image 5 years after surgery is advised. To prevent recurrence, a margin of normal‐appearing proximal eighth cranial nerve should be removed and the nerve stump cauterized.
The role and significance of chondroitin sulfate in the development of otosclerosis
Authors: Ye Sheng‐Nan , Yi Zi‐Xiang , Wang Pei‐Ying , Jiang Si‐Chang 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChondroitin sulfate is a sulfated glycosaminoglycan that predominates in the ground substance of cartilage. Using monoclonal antichondroitin sulfate in 61 specimens of human otosclerotic lesions, we studied the distribution of this glucosaminoglycan in various stages of otosclerosis. Our findings show that chondroitin sulfate plays an important role in the development of otosclerosis. In addition, the distribution of chondroitin sulfate clearly delineates the stage of otosclerosis referred to as active into two distinct histologic stages. Dividing the active stage into “osteolytic” and “sponge‐chondroid” would be reasonable based on our findings.
Minor salivary gland tumors of the palate: Clinical and pathologic correlates of outcome
Authors: Beckhardt Russell N. , Weber Randal S. , Zane Randall , Wolf Pat , Garden Adam S. , Carrillo Rosario , Luna Mario A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMinor salivary gland tumors of the palate are rare and may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for the head and neck surgeon. The authors reviewed their 46 years of experience with minor salivary gland tumors of the palate to determine the factors that influence outcome and their implications for treatment.Malignant tumors were seen in 116 patients (78%) and benign tumors were found in 33 patients (22%). Adenoid cystic carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor, occurring in 43 patients, and pleomorphic adenoma was the most common benign tumor, occurring in 30 patients.Univariate analysis on the malignant lesions showed that grade 3 tumor histology (P<.001), tumor size greater than 3 cm (P<.001), perineural invasion (P=.031), bone invasion (P=.012), positive surgical margins (P<.001), and positive initial but negative final margins (P=.004) were all associated with decreased survival.With multivariate analysis, tumor size, margin status, and grade were shown to be independently associated with decreased survival (P<.05). The recurrence rate at the primary site was significantly higher for adenoid cystic carcinoma than for other histologies (P=.0059). The 2‐, 5‐, and 10‐year disease‐specific survival rates for patients with malignant disease were 96%, 87%, and 80%, respectively.Wide surgical excision with adequate margins is essential for a favorable outcome in patients with malignant minor salivary gland tumors. Postoperative radiotherapy is reserved for patients with grade 3 tumor histology, large primary lesions, perineural invasion, bone invasion, cervical lymph node metastasis, and positive margins, although a clear‐cut survival advantage has not been proven. Recurrence, especially regional and distant metastasis, portends an extremely poor prognosis.Laryngoscope, 105:1155‐1160, 1995
Distribution of efferent cholinergic terminals and α‐bungarotoxin binding to putative nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the human vestibular end‐organs
Authors: Ishiyama Akira , Lopez Ivan , Wackym Phillip A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractAlthough acetylcholine (ACh) has been identified as the primary neurotransmitter of the efferent vestibular system in most animals studied, no direct evidence exists that ACh is the efferent neurotransmitter of the human vestibular system. Choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry (ChATi), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) histochemistry, and α‐bungarotoxin binding were used in human vestibular end‐organs to address this question. ChATi and AChE activity was found in numerous bouton‐type terminals contacting the basal area of type II vestibular hair cells and the afferent chalices surrounding type I hair cells; α‐bungarotoxin binding suggested the presence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on type II vestibular hair cells and on the afferent chalices surrounding type I hair cells. This study provides evidence that the human efferent vestibular axons and terminals are cholinergic and that the receptors receiving this innervation may be nicotinic.Laryngoscope, 105:1167‐1172, 1995
Outcome analysis of mohs surgery of the lip and chin: Comparing secondary intention healing and surgery
Authors: Becker Gary D. , Levin Barry C. , Adams Lawrence A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWounds of the lip and chin resulting from microscopically controlled (Mohs) surgery are often repaired immediately. However, wounds allowed to heal by secondary intention have the advantage of optimal cancer surveillance, simplified wound care, and avoidance of the costs and potential complications associated with reconstructive procedures. Accurate prediction of the course of wound healing would allow a rational approach to selection of surgery or healing by secondary intention.The authors evaluated 105 patients with defects of the lip and chin after Mohs excision for cancer who healed by secondary intention. Forty‐six patients treated surgically were followed for comparison. The lip and chin were divided into subunits and the wound location, size, and depth were recorded. Patients were followed at intervals and a final determination regarding cosmesis was made after 6 or more months.It is concluded that the final cosmetic result can be confidently predicted on the basis of location by subunit, size, and depth of the wound.Laryngoscope, 105:1176‐1183, 1995
Expression of a cell‐cycle‐associated nuclear antigen (MIB 1) in cholesteatoma and auditory meatal skin
Authors: Sudhoff Holger , Hildmann H. , Fisseler‐Eckhoff Annette , Bujía Jesus , Holly Anja , Schulz‐Flake Christian 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMiddle ear cholesteatoma is often invasive with consequent bone destruction. Inflammatory stimulation of the underlying connective tissue, as well as an autocrine mechanism, may be responsible for the dys‐regulation and abnormal proliferative features of the keratinocytes in cholesteatoma. Comparative investigations were performed to assess the epithelial cell kinetics of cholesteatoma and normal auditory meatal skin. Monoclonal antibody MIB 1 immuno‐staining (which recognizes a nuclear antigen expressed by dividing cells) was applied using the alkaline phosphatase antialkaline phosphatase im‐munolabeling method.Specimens of normal auditory meatal skin (n = 7) revealed an average MIB 1 score (quotient of the MIB 1‐positive cells and the total number of cells) of 7.6 ± 2.2%. Cholesteatoma samples (n = 13) showed an average MIB 1 score of 17.4 ± 8.9% and a heterogeneity of proliferating epithelial areas. Epithelial cones growing toward the underlying stroma exhibited high mitotic activity. Statistically, the results of this study confirm a highly significant increase in the proliferation rate of cholesteatoma keratinocytes, which had an MIB 1 score that was 2.3 times higher than the score for keratinocytes of normal external auditory meatal skin.
Functional Data Analysis
Authors: Ramsay J. O. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
When either data or the models for them involve functions, and when only weak assumptions about these functions such as smoothness are permitted, familiar statistical methods must be modified and new approaches developed in order to take advantage of this smoothness. The first part of the article considers some general issues such as characteristics of functional data, uses of derivatives in functional modelling, estimation of phase variation by the alignment or registration of curve features, the nature of error, and so forth. The second section describes functional versions of traditional methods such principal components analysis and linear modelling, and also mentions purely functional approaches that involve working with and estimating differential equations in the functional data analysis process.
False Discovery Rate
Authors: Abramovich Felix , Benjamini Yoav 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
For the multiple hypotheses testing problem consider the proportion of falsely rejected hypotheses (false discoveries) among the total number of rejections. The expected value of this proportion, called the False Discovery Rate (FDR), is a useful criterion to control as an alternative to the traditional familywise error rate (FWE) that suffers from low power properties when the number of tested hypotheses is large. In a way, controlling FDR is adaptively inbetween ignoring multiplicity altogether and a conservative control of FWE. Several FDR controlling procedures are presented and others are reviewed. Various extensions and applications of the FDR are discussed.
Interrater Agreement
Authors: Banerjee Mousumi 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Analysis of interrater or interobserver agreement data provides a useful means of assessing the reliability of a rating system. This article presents various interrater agreement measures as well as models for studying agreement, when the relevant data comprise either continuous or categorical ratings from multiple raters. Descriptions and characterizations of the underlying models are presented in detail, as well as methods for estimation and confidence interval construction. The scenarios and designs that underlie the development of the agreement measures are described, and the interrelationships between these measures discussed.
Principal Differential Analysis
Authors: Ramsay James O. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDifferential equation systems are often a natural way of describing sets of variables changing over time or space. For example, in controlling industrial systems, engineers consider the time course of a set of inputs and outputs for a system such as a chemical reactor with a view to developing useful feedback processes. Principal differential analysis uses functional data to estimate a system of linear differential equations that fit the data. The estimate minimizes an integrated squared error criterion. The coefficient functions that define the linear differential equation are estimated by expansions in terms of basis functions such as Fourier series orB‐splines, and the estimates are calculated rapidly and without iteration.
Crop Area Estimation, Landsat Data Analysis in
Authors: Day Charles , Hanuschak George 
Published: October 2006

AbstractSince the early 1970s, the National Agricultural Statistics Service (NASS) has developed and applied statistical procedures that use Landsat satellite data to significantly improve the precision of estimates from ground‐gathered data from a stratified area frame sample. These procedures fall into two major categories:(1)Gaussian multivariate clustering and classification, and(2)direct expansion and regression estimation. This article describes these procedures in detail.
Monte Carlo Methods
Authors: Gentle James E. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Monte Carlo simulation is one of the most important tools in all fields of science. Monte Carlo methods are experiments that use samples of numbers that appear to be random, although the numbers are generated by deterministic computer algorihms. These “pseudorandom” samples can be used in solving a wide range of problems, including both deterministic problems such as evaluating a definite integral and problems in which there is a random component such as studying and comparing the performance of statistical procedures under various assumptions about the underlying distribution.
Communications and Radar, Detection in
Authors: Varshney Pramod K. , Viswanathan R. 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Signals arriving at a communication or a radar receiver are stochastic in nature and therefore many optimum processing techniques have been developed on the basis of statistical models for these signals. Here, we describe various signal detection procedures that are employed in communications and radar systems. Fundamentals of discrete‐time and continuous‐time matched filtering are introduced. Applications to demodulation of digital modulation signals, single and multiple‐pulse radar target detection, constant false alarm rate processing for radar, and netted radar systems are presented.
AIDSStochastic Models
Authors: Tan Wai‐Yuan 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTo model the HIV epidemic, there are four different approaches: The deterministic models, the stochastic models, the statistical models, and the state space models. The last three models treat the HIV epidemic as random processes. This article presents a systematic review of these random processes. It illustrates how to develop stochastic models and statistical models of the HIV epidemic and how to combine these models into state space models. Using a homosexual population as an example, it illustrates how to develop stochastic equations for the state variables and how to use the state space models to develop a generalized Bayesian method to estimate the unknown parameters and the state variables. The methodology is illustrated by using the AIDS incidence data of the San Francisco homosexual population.
K
hinchin,
A
leksandr
Y
akovlevich
Authors: Vere‐Jones David 
Published: October 2006

Abstract
Aleksandr Yakovlevich Khinchin was the founder and leader of the Moscow school of probability, which dominated probability theory during much of the twentieth century. He was born in the last decade of the nineteenth century, and entered university just before the first world war and the Russian revolution. Throughout the turbulence of the ensuing years, he maintained an international reputation as an outstanding mathematician. His name is associated with major developments in probability theory, including the law of the iterated logarithm and the law of large numbers, and representation theorems for infinitely divisible distributions and the correlation functions of stationary processes. He is well known also for his series of lucid expository texts.
Categorical Data, Marginal Models for
Authors: Molenberghs Geert 
Published: October 2006

AbstractWe briefly review two building blocks (generalized linear models and linear mixed models) for models for repeated categorical data. Three families of models for repeated categorical data are introduced: marginal models, conditional models, and random‐effects models. A number of marginal models are presented for binary and for ordinal data in turn. Major differences between marginal models and conditional models (such as loglinear models) are discussed.
Generalized Variance
Authors: Sen Gupta Ashis 
Published: October 2006

AbstractGeneralized variance (GV), proposed by Wilks, is an one‐dimensional measure of multidimensional scatter. It plays an important role in both theoretical and applied research. GV has been extended to Standardized GV (SGV) to enable comparison of scatters in differing dimensions. Interesting results on the distribution, estimation, and testing of GVs and SGVs have been emerging. Also, these measures have been finding novel applications in a variety of applied problems, ranging from such age‐old areas as agriculture and sample surveys to the modern developments in signal processing and Bioinformatics.