bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vitro studies on the inhibition of the growth of Shigella sonnei by Lactobacillus casei and Lact. acidophilus
Authors: Apella Marìa C. , González Silvia N. , de Macìas Marìa E. Nader , Romero Nora , Oliver G. 
Published: March 2008

The inhibitory effect of lactobacilli on growth of Shigella sonnei was studied. The effect was not due to pH alone, as addition of hydrochloric, lactic or acetic acids to culture media did not inhibit the normal growth of the shigellas. The degree of inhibition was measured by disc assay and showed that the inhibitory substance(s) can be extracellular and diffusible, varying the degrees of inhibition depending on the media tested.When broth was inoculated with mixed cultures of Lactobacillus and Shigella strains, the inhibition began at 6 h and the death phase at 9 h. The higher inhibition was produced by the mixture of lactobacilli (35.5 ± 2.5% at 6 h culture, 57.4 ± 1.9% at 9 h and 91.2 ± 1.2% at 14 h). The degree of inhibition was higher when the relationship pathogen: lactobacilli was 1: 103. The specific growth rate of lactobacilli and shigella was different in pure or mixed cultures. When the lactobacillus alone was grown for 12 h and the shigellas then added, the numbers of shigellas began to decrease immediately at 37°C. This work shows that the Lactobacillus strains employed in fermented milk can be used to inhibit the growth of Sh. sonnei.
General properties of extracellular bacterial inulinase
Authors: Elyachioui M. , Hornez J.P. , Tailliez R. 
Published: March 2008

The extracellular inulinase system of a strain of Arthrobacter sp. consists of a β‐fructofuranosidase active on inulin raffinose and sucrose with a relative rate inulin/sucrose (I/S) of 0.2.Crude enzyme preparations were obtained by fractionation of the liquid culture at stationary phase of growth with ammonium sulphate. Purification was carried out by DEAE cellulose chromatography and ultrogel ACA 34. Only one protein band was observed by electrophoresis. The enzyme was stable at high temperatures and was active at neutral or slightly alkali pH. Fructose is liberated as the sole reaction product of inulin hydrolysis, suggesting that the enzyme was an exoinulinase. The Michaelis constant (calculated at 40°C and pH 6) was 0.25 × 10‐2 mol/l for the inulin and 0.12 × 10‐2 mol/l for sucrose.The enzyme was suitable for fructose production from root extracts of plants rich in polyfructosans or sucrose.
The effect of applying lactic acid bacteria at ensiling on the aerobic stability of silages
Authors: Weinberg Z.G. , Ashbell G. , Hen Yaira , Azrieli A. 
Published: March 2008

The effect of applying commercial lactic acid bacteria inoculants at ensiling on the aerobic stability of silages was studied under laboratory conditions. The silages used were wheat, hedysarum, corn and various sorghum cultivars at various stages of maturity. Three inoculants were used, two containing Lactobacillus plantarum, Enterococcus faecium and Pediococcus acidilactici (H/M F, Medipharm, USA and Sil‐All, Alltech, UK) and one containing Ent. faecium (Lacticil, M74, Medipharm, Sweden). The inoculants were applied at 0.5 times 106 cfu g‐1. Silages with no additives served as controls. After treatment, the chopped forages were ensiled in 1.5 1 anaerobic jars; there were six jars per treatment. After ensiling for 45 d, the silages were tested for aerobic stability in a test in which CO2 production was measured along with chemical and microbiological parameters.The inoculated silages that spoiled upon aerobic exposure faster than the controls were those of wheat and of the sorghum cultivar FS5 at the milk stage of maturity. This was evident from intensive CO2 production and development of yeasts and moulds. Regression analysis indicated that aerobic deterioration of inoculated silages was associated with high levels of residual water‐soluble carbohydrates and lactic acid and lack of volatile fatty acids. Aerobic spoilage of inoculated silages was attributed mainly to yeast activity.
Rapid DNA extraction protocol from soil for polymerase chain reaction‐mediated amplification
Authors: Smalla K. , Cresswell N. , Mendonca‐Hagler L.C. , Wolters A. , Elsas J.D. van 
Published: March 2008

A simple and rapid method of DNA extraction from soil was developed and DNA was made suitable for subsequent efficient amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Key features of the extraction and purification were cold lysozyme‐ and SDS‐assisted lysis with either freezing‐thawing or bead beating, cold phenol extraction of the resulting soil suspension, CsCl and KAc precipitation and, finally, spermine‐HCl or glass milk purification of DNA. Crude DNA preparations contained 4–20 μg DNA per g of soil extracted, and at least 50% of this was recovered in the final purified DNA preparations. The resulting DNA was pure enough to be restricted by various enzymes, and was amplifiable at concentrations of up to 20 ng of soil‐derived DNA per 50 μl reaction mix.Amplification of a 683 bp target sequence, pat, was performed with different Taq DNA polymerases. Application of the protocol enabled us to detect target DNA derived from roughly 103 introduced Pseudomonas fluorescens (RP4 :: pat) cfu per g of soil. The fate of an introduced population in the soil could be followed to this limit with PCR‐assisted detection of target DNA. In addition, target DNA was detected in soil 5 months after release, when the introduced organism was no longer detectable on selective agar plates.The extraction and purification protocol applied to various different soil types resulted in DNA of sufficient purity to permit amplification by PCR.
A comparison of conventional SEM techniques, low temperature SEM and the electroscan wet scanning electron microscope to study the structure of a biofilm of Streptococcus crista CR3
Authors: Sutton Naomi A. , Hughes N. , Handley Pauline S. 
Published: March 2008

Biofilms of Streptococcus crista CR3 were generated on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs for 20 h in a continuous flow system with brain heart infusion broth dripped over the disc at a rate of 6 ml h‐1. This study compares the conventional scanning electron microscope (SEM) preparation techniques, of critical point drying and freeze‐drying, with low temperature SEM (LTSEM) and Electroscan generated images of hydrated biofilms, which preserve the integrity of hydrated polymers.Critical point drying and freeze‐drying caused almost complete disappearance of the matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). Critical point drying, however, showed evenly spaced single or paired cocci remaining on the HA disc whereas freeze‐drying caused the biofilm to detach from the HA leaving only patchy clumps of cells visible. By comparison LTSEM preserved the EPS better than critical point drying and freeze‐drying, but holes were seen in the top and side of the biofilm and the EPS did show some shrinkage artefacts. An untreated wet biofilm viewed in the Electroscan showed an intact, hydrated, smooth matrix of EPS with cell shapes only visible indistinctly in a canopy of moist EPS. No holes were visible and no shrinkage artefacts were evident. Therefore, Electroscan imaging of the biofilm was the only method that preserved the integrity of the matrix with no apparent shrinkage artefacts.
Intestinal carriage of campylobacters, salmonellas, yersinias and listerias in pigeons in the city of Barcelona
Authors: Casanovas L. , de Simón M. , Ferrer M.D. , Arqués J. , Monzón G. 
Published: March 2008

L. CASANOVAS, M. DE SIMÓN, M.D. FERRER, J. ARQUÉS AND G. MONZÓN. 1995. The faecal bacterial flora of pigeons, which may be the source of infectious diseases in man, was studied in the city of Barcelona. Four hundred cloacal specimens were examined for Campylobacter jejuni, Camp. coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. and Listeria spp., over a 12 month period.Campylobacter jejuni was the most frequently isolated micro‐organism, found in 105 pigeons (26.2%), with a greater incidence in the districts of the city with a high density of pigeons and without seasonal variation. Salmonella spp. were isolated from six specimens (1.5%) and Yersinia intermedia was isolated from only one pigeon.
Enzyme production by lactobacilli and the potential link with infective endocarditis
Authors: Oakey H.J. , Harty D.W.S. , Knox K.W. 
Published: March 2008

H.J. OAKEY, D.W.S. HARTY AND K.W. KNOX. 1995. Fifty‐six strains of lactobacilli were examined for the production of glycosidases and proteases (arylamidases) that could be associated with the ability to grow in vivo and/or be a factor in the pathogenesis of endocarditis. The strains were from seven species, with an emphasis on Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lact. paracasei subsp. paracasei, both of which have been associated with endocarditis and provided 12 of the 13 strains isolated from cases of the disease. Other species were Lact. acidophilus, Lact. plantarum, Lact. salivarius, Lact. fermentum and Lact. oris.Commonly expressed glycosidase activities were α‐D‐galactosidase and β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase followed by β‐D‐glucosidase and α‐L‐fucosidase. The combined production of β‐N‐acetyl‐D‐glucosaminidase and α‐D‐galactosidase was a feature of the endocarditis isolates. In contrast, β‐D‐galactosidase was produced by very few of the strains within species implicated in endocarditis but most of the strains of Lact. salivarius, Lact. fermentum and Lact. oris.The most commonly produced arylamidases active against substrates employed for testing human blood clotting cascade were activated protein C(Ca)‐like, activated factor X(Xa)‐like and Hageman factor‐like followed by kallikrein‐like and chymotrypsin‐like enzymes. Kallikrein‐like enzyme activity was shown more frequently by strains from species commonly isolated from cases of endocarditis (Lact. rhamnosus and Lact. paracasei subsp. paracasei) than from other oral species (Lact. plantarum, Lact. salivarius, Lact. fermentum and Lact. oris).The data indicate that some lactobacilli can produce enzymes that would enable the breakdown of human glycoproteins and the synthesis and lysis of human fibrin clots, characteristics which aid the colonization and survival of bacteria infecting an endocarditis vegetation.
The effect of incubation temperature and sodium chloride concentration on the growth kinetics of Vibrio anguillarum and Vibrio anguillarum‐related organisms
Authors: Guérin‐Faublée Véronique , Rosso L. , Vigneulle Martine , Flandrois J.‐P. 
Published: March 2008

The effect of temperature and NaCl concentration on the growth kinetics of Vibrio anguillarum and V. anguillarum‐related (VAR) strains was studied.For one wild VAR strain, NaCl concentration interfered with growth temperature parameters, in particular, with the maximum growth temperature but also with the optimum temperature (defined as the temperature at which μmax equals its maximal value μopt), and with μopt itself. For the same strain, optimal growth required the adding of NaCl to the medium to a final concentration of 1·5%. These results were not confirmed by tests on a V. anguillarum collection strain.When the NaCl concentration in the culture media was 1.5%, the optmum temperature for the nine strains studied ranged from 29.7°C to 34°C whereas the maximum temperature ranged between 35.3°C and 38.5°C.Hence, antbiotic susceptibility testing as well as biochemical identification might be carried out at 30°C in the presence of 1.5% NaCl, which corresponded to a suboptimal growth.
Factors affecting the growth of Listeria monocytogenes on minimally processed fresh endive
Authors: Carlin F. , Nguyen‐the C. , da Silva A. Abreu 
Published: March 2008

The influence of various factors on the fate of Listeria monocytogenes on cut leaves of broad‐leaved endive has been studied. Factors considered were temperature, characteristics of the leaves (age, quantity and quality of the epiphytic microflora) and characteristics of the L. monocytogenes inoculum (concentration, strain). The increases in numbers of L. monocytogenes were lower than those of the aerobic mesophilic microflora at 3°, 6°, 10° and 20°C. Doubling times of the populations of L. monocytogenes were in the same order of magnitude as those of aerobic bacteria at 10° and 20°C, but longer at 3° and 6°C. There were positive significant correlations between growth of L. monocytogenes and populations of aerobic bacteria, and between growth of L. monocytogenes and extent of spoilage on the leaves.Of 225 bacteria isolated from the leaves, 84% were identified as fluorescent pseudomonads; there was no difference in the species isolated from leaves that showed a low growth of L. monocytogenes and leaves that showed a high growth of L. monocytogenes. Populations of L. monocytogenes increased faster during the first 2 and 4 d of storage at 10°C on leaves inoculated with 10–103 cfu g‐1 than on leaves inoculated with about 105 cfu g‐1, but the population reached after 7 d was lower. The behaviour of L. monocytogenes was similar among the three strains tested.
Genome analysis of five soil bacterial isolates named formerly Enterobacter agglomerans
Authors: Evguenieva‐Hackenberg E. , Selenska‐Pobell S. 
Published: March 2008

The genomes of five nitrogen‐fixing strains isolated from the vicinity of Bayreuth and named formerly Enterobacter agglomerans were studied and compared with the genomes of several Rahnella aquatilis strains as well as with one Pantoea agglomerans and one Ent. agglomerans reference strains, obtained from different world collections; they all were previously assumed to be related to this group of natural isolates.By using the infrequently cutting restriction endonuclease XbaI, highly chracteristic fingerprints were obtained for each of the studied strains except two Ent. agglomerans isolates which had identical fingerprints. By hybridization of the resulting individual PFGE‐fingerprints with a rDNA probe, containing the rrnB ribosomal RNA operon of Escherichia coli, the relationship between the analysed strains was studied. It was shown that the natural isolates are very closely related to the type strain of R. aquatilis—ATCC 33071. The genome sizes of all studied strains were estimated to be between 4.4 and 5.8 Mb on the basis of the lengths of their XbaI fragments. By a modification of the PFGE technique it was shown that the analysed strains harbour one to three large and extra large plasmids with sizes in the range 90 to 608 kb.
The differentiation of Staphylococcus aureus from other Micrococcaceae isolated from bovine mammary glands
Authors: Lam T.J.G.M. , Pengov A. , Schukken Y.H. , Smit J.A.H. , Brand A. 
Published: March 2008

Haemolysin production, the slide coagulase test and the tube coagulase test were assessed for their capability to differentiate Staphylococcus aureus among other Micrococcaceae in 199 isolates from udders of cows in herds with a low bulk milk somatic cell count. The API‐Staph test was used as a reference.Haemolysin production was less effective in identifying Staph. aureus among Micrococcaceae than a combination of other tests. Differences were found in the predictive values of results from diagnostic protocols in which the slide coagulase test was performed on all Micrococcaceae, or on β‐haemolysin‐negative Micrococcaceae only. Diagnostic protocols in which haemolysin production was combined with the results of the other tests resulted in excellent diagnostic performance and a reduction in diagnostic procedures. Recommendations for routine Staph. aureus identification in bovine mastitis bacteriology are given.
The effect of cryptolepine on the morphology and survival of Escherichia coli, Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Sawer I.K. , Berry M.I. , Brown M.W. , Ford J.L. 
Published: March 2008

The antimicrobial activity of the indoloquinoline alkaloid, cryptolepine, isolated from Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Fam. Periplocaceae) was determined against selected micro‐organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges obtained, expressed as μg ml−1, were: 5–10 for Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCPF 3139; 10–20 for S. cerevisiae NCPF 3178; 20–40 for Escherichia coli NCTC 10418; 40–80 for E. coli NCTC 11560, Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and C. tropicalis NCPF; and 80–160 for C. albicans NCPF 3242 and NCPF 3262.Biocidal effects were noted at concentrations 2–4 times those of the MIC of the alkaloid following challenge with 106 cfu ml−1 of micro‐organisms. Time‐kill studies showed a reduction in viable count from 106 to < 10 cfu ml−1 in 4 h in C. albicans ATCC 10231 exposed to 320 μg ml−1 of the agent; 3 log cycle reductions were recorded for the 6 h counts of E. coli NCTC 10418 and S. cerevisiae NCPF 3139 exposed to 40μg ml−1 and 160 μg ml−1 of the alkaloid respectively.These results were consistent with findings using scanning electron microscopy. Exposure of cells to biocidal concentrations of cryptolepine produced filamentation prior to lysis in E. coli NCTC 10418 and extreme disturbance of surface structure, including partial and total collapse, followed by lysis in C. albicans ATCC 10231 and S. cerevisiae NCPF 3139.
Polymerase chain reaction for verification of fluorescent colonies of Erwinia chrysanthemi and Pseudomonas putida WCS358 in immunofluorescence colony staining
Authors: van der Wolf J.M. , van Beckhoven J.R.C.M. , de Vries Ph.M. , Raaijmakers J.M. , Bakker P.A.H.M. , Bertheau Y. , van Vuurde J.W.L. 
Published: March 2008

The potential of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for verifying the identity of colonies stained by the immunofluorescence colony‐staining (IFC) procedure was investigated. Using primers directed against conserved sequences of the pectate lyase‐genes coding for isozymes PLa, PLd and PLe of Erwinia chrysanthemi, the authors confirmed the identity of 96% of 20 fluorescent target colonies, punched from IFC‐stained samples with pure cultures. In pour plates with mixtures of Erw. chrysanthemi and non‐target colonies from potato peel extracts, the identity of 90% of 113 target colonies was confirmed.Using primers directed against sequences of the ferric‐pseudobactin receptor gene pupA of Pseudomonas putida WCS358, the identity of 96% of 22 target colonies was confirmed in IFC‐stained samples with pure cultures. In pour plates with mixtures of Ps. putida WCS358 and non‐target bacteria from compost extracts, the identity of 59% of 108 fluorescent colonies was confirmed by PCR. It was shown that components from non‐target bacteria lowered the threshold level of PCR for Ps. putida WCS358
Comparison of effectiveness between moist and dry cryotherapy in reducing discomfort after orthognathic surgery
Authors: Chou Su‐Yeh , Liu Hsueh‐Erh 
Published: March 2008

Aims.  The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness between ice towel (moist cryotherapy) and ice‐pack (dry cryotherapy) in postoperative care.Background.  Orthognathic surgery is often performed to modify the facial appearance of individuals. Cryotherapy was used to reduce the postoperative discomfort, such as local heat, pain and swelling. However, studies to compare the difference in effectiveness between moist and dry cryotherapy are lacking.Design.  A quasi‐experimental design with follow‐ups at regular intervals was conducted. The study involved data collection at the preoperative, postoperative 60, 90, 120, 180 minutes, 24 hours and 48 hours.Methods.  Subjects were recruited and assigned to group I (n = 27) and group II (n = 21) by locations. Group I received ice towels whereas group II used ice‐packs as a strategy to reduce postoperative discomfort. Subjective indicators of local heat, pain and swelling were measured on postoperative days 1 and 2. When subjects went to postoperative recovery room, local temperatures on both sides of four facial areas and forehead were measured and repeated at scheduled intervals.Results.  Both subjective and objective indicators changed during the research period in these two groups. Group I subjects reported less postoperative discomfort, such as heat, swelling and pain. Group II subjects had higher reduction of local temperature in certain areas within 180 minutes.Conclusions.  Both moist‐ and dry cryotherapy reduced postoperative discomfort effectively. The moist cryotherapy was more effective in reducing subjective discomfort caused by the operation. The dry cryotherapy reduced local temperature more effectively in certain areas after surgery.Relevance to clinical practice.  Cryotherapy could reduce postoperative discomfort, such as local heat, pain and swelling. When patient comfort is the major outcome of nursing intervention, moist cryotherapy is strongly suggested.
Comparison of the effect of protocol‐directed sedation with propofol vs. midazolam by nurses in intensive care: efficacy, haemodynamic stability and patient satisfaction
Authors: Huey‐Ling Liou , Chun‐Che Shih , Jen‐Jen Tang , Shau‐Ting Lai , Hsing‐I Chen 
Published: March 2008

Aim.  The aim of this study was to compare the effect of protocol‐directed sedation propofol vs. midazolam by nurses in intensive care on efficacy, haemodynamic stability and patient satisfaction.Background.  Protocols represent one method potentially to reduce treatment delays and ensure that medical care is administered in a standardised manner. Propofol and midazolam are often used for sedation in intensive care units.Method.  A randomised, prospective cohort study and data were collected in 2003. The subjects were randomised either into propofol (n = 32) or into midazolam (n = 28) group. Efficacy of sedation, haemodynamic stability, pulse oximetry saturation, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II score), weaning time from mechanical ventilation, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of stay at intensive care unit, sedative drugs cost and patient satisfaction were measured.Results.  The nursing staff were able to maintain patients at Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) 3–4 during the sedative period. The efficacy of sedation was 74·2% and 66·9% of time in propofol and midazolam group respectively. Both sedatives reduced the arterial blood pressure and heart rate, but did not alter haemodynamic stability. The mean score of satisfactory sedation was not significantly different between the two groups (propofol: 11·4 SEM 0·2 vs. midazolam: 11·5 SEM 0·7).Conclusion.  Protocol‐directed sedation with propofol vs. midazolam by nurses were similar in quality during the sedative period.Relevance to clinical practice.  This sedation practice for titration of propofol and midazolam by nurses was of similar quality and able to achieve an appropriate depth of sedation during the sedative period. Furthermore, they should provide care for patients’ needs during the sedative period.