bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A model of driver's lane‐changing behaviour at an urban signalised intersection
Authors: Ismail Amiruddin , Abdullah Shahrum , Zaharim Azami , Ahmad Ibrahim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe aim of this research is to study and develop models for driver's lane‐changing behaviour in an urban area using the logistic regression method. A pilot study was conducted using a videotape recording technique to film an approach road leading to a signalised intersection in an urban road during the morning off‐peak period. Inter‐related coding methods were designed to describe and verify the driver's lane‐changing manoeuvre. A questionnaires study to analyse the driver's background, experience, attitudes, lane‐changing practices and their driving behaviour on the road was carried out in order to develop lane‐changing behaviour models using the logistic regression method. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Settings and methods for global sensitivity analysis – a short guide
Authors: Saltelli Andrea , Saisana Michaela 
Published: December 2008

AbstractGlobal sensitivity analysis offers a set of tools tailored to the impact assessment of certain assumptions on a models output. A recent book on the topic covers those issues [1]. Given the limited space for discussing thoroughly any of those methods, we will next summarize the main conclusions that derive from the application of various global sensitivity analysis methods on chemical models [2], econometric studies [3] financial models [4] and composite indicators [5, 6]. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Stochastic perturbation of dual‐power law optimal solitons
Authors: Biswas Anjan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe propagation of solitons through an optical fiber with dual‐power law nonlinearity, in presence of stochastic perturbation term, is studied in this paper. The Langevin equations are derived. It is thus proved that solitons travel down an optical fiber with a fixed mean free velocity. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Nonlinear models for the effect of pollutants on population with time delay
Authors: Hussain J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIn this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analysed to study the effect of pollution on a population, which is living in an environment polluted by its own activities with time delay in a diffusive system. It has been assumed that the pollutants enter into the environment not directly by the population but by a precursor produced by the population itself. It has been further assumed that the larger the population, the faster the precursor is produced, and the larger the precursor, the faster the pollutant is produced. In the absence of diffusion, criteria for local stability, instability and global stability are obtained. The effect of diffusion on the positive equilibrium of the system is also investigated. Some investigations have been made in recent decades [1, 2, 3]. But, the effect of Diffusion has not been considered in the above investigations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Probabilistic model of fuzzy subsets
Authors: Tsintsadze M. , Gachechiladze T. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractOn the basis of H.Weyl's and E.Wigners's theories there is constructed the fuzzy model of canonically conjugate fuzzy subsets. On the ground of introduced characteristic interval the optimal shape of information function is obtained. By this information function the formula for compatibility function is obtained, Φ(α /2), where is a parameter assigned by expert, Φ(·) is probability interval. We establish the connection between the dispersions of canonically conjugate fuzzy subsets, presented in the fuzzy form. On the base of this formula the generalized information theory is constructed, which enable to estimate the constant c. As an example it is considered the method of fuzzy differential equation solution. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Ab‐initio and modeling study of some amino acid‐tRNA: NMR shielding and thermodynamic of solvent effect (Poster Presentation)
Authors: Monajemi Hadieh , Abdullah Wan Ahmad Tajuddin Wan , Zain Sharifuddin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe tRNA molecule takes suitable amino acid to the ribosome for the formation of peptide bonds. In starting the peptide chain, the first amino acid which is taken to the ribosome is methionine. We have simulated methionine‐amino acid bonding and amino acid‐tRNA bonding, using a mixed study of quantum mechanics ab‐initio and molecular mechanics. NMR shielding tensors and thermodynamic parameters and total energies are also calculated. It is important to understand the physical properties and the environmental conditions in which the dipeptides cause the tRNA to attach to a wrong amino acid. One of the properties studied is the dielectric environment of in which the bonding occurs. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A unified framework for 3D reconstruction
Authors: Montegranario Hebert 
Published: December 2008

Abstract3D reconstruction is a branch of computer vision with a broad range of applications like computer aided design, animation, medicine and many others. In this talk we use continuous linear functionals for characterizing different kinds of 3D data. These problems can be tackled in the framework of Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Spaces and regularization of inverse problems. It can be said that 3D reconstruction is the general problem of estimating or finding functional dependencies from a three‐dimensional data set. The origin of these data covers a wide range that includes tomography, surface reconstruction from point clouds or image and signal processing. Usually the problem of reconstruction has a very close relationship with scientific visualization and computer graphics. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polymers for targeted and/or sustained drug delivery
Authors: Jagur‐Grodzinski Joseph 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRecent advances in the use of polymers for passive targeting of drugs attached or incorporated into polymeric species (enhanced permeability and retention, EPR) as well as active targeting of drugs by ligands or antibodies of receptors overexpressed on the surface of the targeted cells, is discussed in the present review. Examples of sustained, slow release of a drug incorporated into a polymeric matrix are cited. Drugs used for passive modes of targeting have been described in the context of polymer‐drug conjugates, drugs in the polymer coated liposomes, and drugs inserted into polymeric micelles. Active targeting of the drugs and their internalization by receptors, on the surface of the targeted cells, was also discussed. Release of the drugs inside cells, after are broken the environmentally sensitive links attaching them to polymeric platforms was described. Examples illustrate targeting drug by local heat generated by ultrasound, or by photodynamic treatment. Delivery modes of drugs incorporated into other nanoparticles and the concept of prodrugs have been investigated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optical behavior of antibiofouling additives in environment‐friendly coverglass materials for bio‐sensors and solar panels
Authors: Booth Chad , Wheeler Phil , Hancock Jesse , Ximenes Ray , Patterson Donald E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSolar panels and bio‐optical sensors play a significant and growing role in a number of applications that are of importance to many organizations. Many of these instruments require a high transmission of radiation into the device for it to work properly. A major issue faced is that harsh marine environments often aid in the growth or development of fouling on the coverglass used to protect the instruments. Over a period of time in an ocean environment, some plant or animal may attach itself to the coverglass, ultimately obscuring the glass and rendering the instrument useless. As such, an antifouling mechanism is needed for these instruments that is inexpensive, long‐lasting, and environment friendly. The approach discussed herein involves the use of known antifouling chemicals which have been incorporated into the polymer matrix. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), bisphenol A polycarbonate (Bis A PC), and a co‐polyterephthalate (CPTE) were examined. The plaques are optically transparent and previous work has shown that, for most samples, the materials display a minimal decrease in mechanical behavior upon the addition of the algaecides. This paper will discuss the effects on the materials' optical properties when exposed to both harsh marine conditions as well as high intensity UV light. Specifically, the decrease in transmission of visible light was examined over a 6 month period of time. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of poly(aryl ether ketone)s containing diphenyl moieties by electrophilic Friedel–Crafts solution polycondensation
Authors: Cai Mingzhong , Xiao Fen , Ding Nengwen , Song Caisheng 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA new monomer, 4,4′‐bis(4‐phenoxybenzoyl)diphenyl (BPOBDP), was prepared by Friedel–Crafts reaction of 4‐bromobenzoyl chloride and diphenyl, followed by condensation with potassium phenoxide. Novel poly(ether ketone ketone) (PEKK)/poly(ether ketone diphenyl ketone ether ketone ketone) (PEKDKEKK) copolymers were synthesized by electrophilic Friedel–Crafts solution copolycondensation of isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) with a mixture of diphenyl ether (DPE) and BPOBDP, in the presence of anhydrous aluminum chloride and N‐methyl‐pyrrolidone (NMP) in 1,2‐dichloroethane (DCE). The copolymers obtained were characterized by various analytical techniques such as FT‐IR, DSC, TGA, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). The results showed that the resulting copolymers exhibited excellent thermal stability due to the existence of diphenyl moieties in the main chain. The glass transition temperatures are above 152°C, the melting temperatures are above 276°C, and the temperatures at a 5% weight loss are above 548°C in nitrogen. The copolymers with 50–70 mol% BPOBDP had tensile strengths of 101.5–102.7 MPa, Young's moduli of 3.23–3.41 GPa, and elongations at break of 12–17%. All these copolymers were semicrystalline and insoluble in organic solvents. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pseudohypopyon: Extramedullary relapse of acute myelogenous leukemia with poor prognosis
Authors: Petersen William C. , Schlis Krysta D. , Braverman Rebecca S. , Carlson Ingrid , Liang Xiayuan , Wang Michael 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn 11‐month‐old female presented to the emergency department with a 2‐week history of fever, increasing fussiness, emesis, and decreased urine output. She was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia. Systemic chemotherapy with intensified intrathecal cytarabine was started, and the patient achieved a clinical remission after the first course of induction. Towards the end of her second course of induction she developed pseudohypopyon in each eye on consecutive days, heralding a central nervous system relapse. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:885–887. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conductive polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile composite fibers: Effect of synthesis parameters on polyaniline content and electrical surface resistivity
Authors: Toptaş Nevin , Karakışla Meral , Saçak Mehmet 
Published: December 2008

AbstractConductive polyaniline/polyacrylonitrile (PAn/PAN) composite fibers were prepared by keeping PAN fibers in various solutions containing aniline and then by polymerization of aniline sorbed by fibers with potassium dichromate as an oxidant. In examined polymerization media, aqueous HCl gave composite fibers with the highest PAn amount and these fibers also had the lowest electrical surface resistivity. It was found that, as PAn content of PAn/PAN composite fibers increased, its density also increased and mechanical properties such as tensile strength and breaking elongation decreased. From optical cross‐section images of composite fibers, it was observed that PAn coating was limited only with the PAN fiber surface. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
A study on the compressive characteristics of co‐cured foam‐composite sandwich structures according to the crimp angle variations
Authors: Yoo Seong Hwan , Ho Youn Gi , Chang Seung Hwan 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA foam‐composite sandwich column composed of two‐ply carbon/epoxy fabric prepreg as a skin and PVC foam for a core material was investigated to determine the effect of crimp angle variations of the fabric prepreg on the compressive characteristics of the sandwich column. The crimp angle of the composite skin was observed and measured in terms of the forming pressure and the foam density as correlated with the foam deformation regimes. End compression tests for the foam‐composite sandwich columns were carried out to obtain the values of the compressive modulus and strength depending on the crimp angle variations. From the tests and observation results, it was found that the crimp angle and compressive strength were highly correlated; as the crimp angle increased, the compressive strength decreased as a large‐crimp angle caused the composite skin to fail due to simple microbuckling of the longitudinal tows. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Moisture uptake and hygroexpansion of wood fiber composite materials with polylactide and polypropylene matrix materials
Authors: Almgren Karin M. , Gamstedt E. Kristofer , Berthold Fredrik , Lindström Mikael 
Published: December 2008

AbstractEffects of butantetracarboxylic acid (BTCA) modification, choice of matrix, and fiber volume fraction on hygroexpansion of wood fiber composites have been investigated. Untreated reference wood fibers and BTCA‐modified fibers were used as reinforcement in composites with matrices composed of polylactic acid (PLA), polypropylene (PP), or a mixture thereof. The crosslinking BTCA modification reduced the out‐of‐plane hygroexpansion of PLA and PLA/PP composites, under water‐immersed and humid conditions, whereas the swelling increased when PP was used as matrix material. This is explained by difficulties for the BTCA‐modified fibers to adhere to the PP matrix. Fiber volume fraction was the most important parameter as regards out‐of‐plane hygroexpansion, with a high‐fiber fraction leading to large hygroexpansion. Fiber‐matrix wettability during processing and consolidation also showed to have a large impact on the dimensional stability and moisture uptake. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Measurement of nuchal volume in the first trimester Down screening using three‐dimensional ultrasound
Authors: Shaw Sheng‐Wen , Hsieh T'sang‐T'ang , Hsu Jenn‐Jeih , Lee Chyi‐Long , Cheng Po‐Jen 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivesScreening of fetuses at 11 to 14 weeks of gestation for Down syndrome using stored volumes acquired by a three‐dimensional (3D) scanner.MethodThirty‐four healthy singleton fetuses were recruited consecutively and prospectively during routine first trimester scans in our unit. Two‐dimensional (2D) images of nuchal translucency (NT), crown‐rump length (CRL), and biparietal diameter (BPD) were obtained by following a standard protocol. The volume of the nuchal area (NV) was obtained by a 3D scanning machine.ResultsThe mean time to perform a 2D first trimester scan was 15.3 min, while the mean time to obtain and examine the stored volumes was 11.1 min (p < 0.001) in a 3D scan. There were no significant differences in NT, CRL, and BPD between the two groups. Two cases with an NT thickness > 2.5 mm also revealed increased volume data in the nuchal area. The Pearson's correlations between NT and CRL, BPD and CRL, NT and NV, and NV and CRL were moderate‐to‐high positive.ConclusionThe nuchal volume data and the standard curve in the first trimester may be possible markers for Down syndrome screening. 3D scans can also minimize the scanning time, providing views not easily following strict NT guidelines. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Patient preferences for screening in the first trimester
Authors: Werner Erika F. , Pastore Lisa M. , Karns Logan B. , A. Ventura Karen , Saller Devereux N. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveWe theorized that a significant number of women would choose integrated screening (IS) over first trimester screening (FTS) and that demographic characteristics and baseline anxiety levels might predict which patients would choose each test. We also hypothesized that screening results might alter patients' future preferences.MethodPatients underwent non‐directive genetic counselling and were offered FTS or IS. Prior to undergoing nuchal translucency (NT) ultrasound, patients were given surveys. These questionnaires were repeated in the second trimester and postpartum. They focussed on the patients' background, motivations for screening and anxiety level.ResultsOut of 110 patients surveyed, 81 returned their initial questionnaire. 60% of these patients chose FTS and 40% chose IS. There were no demographic differences between the groups. FTS patients desired early reassurance while IS patients wanted the ‘most information’ and the lowest chance of needing diagnostic testing. In all, 47 women returned second trimester questionnaires and 35 women returned postpartum surveys. These surveys demonstrated that women's motivations remained constant over time. Of the five screen positive results, only one woman regretted her screening choice.ConclusionOne cannot predict patients' screening preferences, thus both FTS and IS should be offered. Given non‐directive counselling, patients are generally satisfied with their screening choices. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Racial and emotional factors predicting teachers' perceptions of classroom behavioral maladjustment for urban African American male youth
Authors: Thomas Duane E. , Coard Stephanie I. , Stevenson Howard C. , Bentley Keisha , Zamel Pamela 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe present study investigated the predictive influence of students' reactive emotional coping and racial socialization experiences on teachers' perceptions of classroom behavior adjustment problems. Participants were 148 African American male youth attending a secondary school in a large northeastern city. Behavioral outcomes included teacher ratings of student behavioral overactivity in different classroom situations. Results using hierarchical regression analyses show that measures of social rejection sensitivity, anger expression, and racial socialization predict teacher‐observed behavioral overactivity, with overt anger expression being the most powerful predictor. Findings suggest that racial socialization and particular styles of emotional coping are important determinants for teachers' impressions of classroom behavior for some African American adolescent males. Implications for future research and interventions with African American male youth in urban secondary schools are discussed. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The extraction of environmentally polluting cations from aqueous media with novel polyamides containing cation‐ and anion‐selective host units
Authors: Gómez‐Valdemoro Ana , Calderón Verónica , San‐José Noelia , García Félix Clemente , De La Peña José Luis , García José Miguel 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis work describes the synthesis and characterization of polyamides, copolyamides, and polyamide blends containing cation‐ and anion‐selective host units in the pendant structure and their application to the extraction of environmentally polluting cations from aqueous media. The cation host unit consists of a crown ether subunit and the anion receptor is a urea group. The preparation of the copolymers involves the copolymerization of two isophthalic acid derivatives—one containing a lateral urea group and the other a crown ether moiety—with m‐phenylenediamine. The molar ratio of crown ether to urea subunits is varied from 1/1 to 1/2 and 1/3 to fit the ion and counterion ratio of metals with valences I, II, and III. The extraction effectiveness and selectivity is related to the composition of the copolymer or the polymer blend, and thus formally to the cation to anion host units ratio, which therefore permits the á la carte design of materials to be used in the decontamination and elimination of polluting cations. With regard to the cation extraction from aqueous media with polyamide solid phases, the polymer structure design leads to the extraction of high percentages of HgII (almost 100%) and moderate extraction of PbII and CrIII. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 670–681, 2009
Synthesis and self‐association behavior of poly[bis(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)phosphazene]‐b‐poly(propyleneglycol) triblock copolymers
Authors: Chang Youngkyu , Cho Song Yun , Steely Lee B. , Allcock Harry R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAmphilic triblock copolymers with varying ratios of hydrophilic poly[bis (methoxyethoxyethoxy)phosphazene] (MEEP) and relatively hydrophobic poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) blocks were synthesized via the controlled cationic‐induced living polymerization of a phosphoranimine (Cl3PNSiMe3) at ambient temperature. A PPG block can function as either a classical hydrophobic block or a less hydrophobic component by varying the nature of a phosphazene block. The aqueous phase behavior of MEEP‐PPG‐MEEP block copolymers was investigated using fluorescence techniques, TEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The critical micelle concentrations (cmcs) of MEEP‐PPG‐MEEP block copolymers were determined to be in the range of 3.7–16.8 mg/L. The mean diameters of MEEP‐PPG‐MEEP polymeric micelles, measured by DLS, were between 31 and 44 nm. The equilibrium constants of pyrene in these micelles ranged from 4.7 × 104 to 9.6 × 104. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 692–699, 2009
High‐pressure‐synthesis of poly(isopropenyl alcohol) and its biocompatibilities
Authors: Nishino Takashi , Kitamura Naho , Murotani Kazuyoshi 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFree radical polymerization under ambient conditions gives very low‐molecular weight homopolymer of isopropenyl acetate (IPAc). On the other hand, poly (isopropenyl acetate) (PIPAc) with a weight average molecular weight over 104 was found to be synthesized by high‐pressure (1 GPa) radical polymerization. Poly(isopropenyl alcohol) (PIPOH) was then derived from PIPAc by saponification. The structure and properties of PIPAc and PIPOH were investigated using X‐ray diffraction, thermal analyses, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and dynamic contact angles. Though PIPOH is insoluble in water, the surface free energy (55 mJ/m2) was comparable with that of poly(vinyl alcohol). To utilize the peculiar combination of “aqueous insolubileity and high hydrophilicity” of PIPOH, biocompatibilities of PIPOH surface was investigated. The PIPOH surface was found to show high repellencies to albumin adsorption, whole thrombogenesis, and cell adhesion. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 754–761, 2009