bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Doping effect of Pr6O11 on superconductivity and flux pinning of MgB2 bulk
Authors: Pan X. F. , Shen T. M. , Li G. , Cheng C. H. , Zhao Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBulk samples of MgB2 doped with 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt% Pr6O11 nanopowder were prepared using a solid‐state reaction route. The lattice constants of Pr6O11‐doped MgB2 systematically increase with increasing doping level, indicating a partial substitution of Pr for Mg in the crystal structure, and consequently, the superconducting transition temperature, Tc, of MgB2 is slightly suppressed. At a low doping level of 1 wt% Pr6O11, the critical current density, Jc, and the irreversibility field, Hirr are improved. However, at higher doping levels, Pr6O11 doping seems harmful for the performance of MgB2 in high magnetic fields. It is argued that the effect of the doping mechanism of Pr6O11 on Tc and Jc is quite different from those of other rare‐earth elements, such as Y or Dy. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Effects of K doping and annealing on the grain size and giant dielectric constant of KxTi0.02Ni0.98–xO ceramics
Authors: Kumar Jana Pradip , Sarkar Sudipta , Chaudhuri B. K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMonovalent ion (MOI) doping effect on the grain size and giant dielectric constant (ϵ ′ ∼ 104) of lead free environment friendly NiO‐based Kx Ti0.02Ni0.98–x O (KTNO, x = 0.04, 0.25, and 0.30) type ceramics have been investigated. Increasing K concentration (MOI) enhances the grain size along with the increase of ϵ ′ values. The dielectric constant of KTNO also increases with increase of the sintering time and temperature (within the range of our measurement) due to enhancement of crystalline size. The giant ϵ ′ value and the leakage current in KTNO show weak field dependent behavior. Estimated temperature coefficient of permittivity (TCP) of KTNO is very low (less than 6%). All these properties meet the requirements of the ceramics used in X7R EIA specification. High ϵ ′ in KTNO is attributed to the boundary layer mechanism. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
XRD measurement of thermal strain in InSb‐based devices
Authors: Declémy A. , Renault P. O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe low temperature‐induced strain in the thin brittle InSb upper part of ready‐to‐work InSb‐based infrar‐ed photo‐detectors (Hybrid Focal Plane Arrays (HFPA) technology) has been measured using X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Assuming no shear component and no surface normal stress in the InSb upper part of the device and using linear elasticity laws lead to simple strain‐stress relations. It was shown that the maximum value of the thermal stress in the InSb part of the studied samples is well under the value of the yield stress of InSb at the working temperature of the devices. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
What is a watershed? Implications of student conceptions for environmental science education and the National Science Education Standards
Authors: Shepardson Daniel P. , Wee Bryan , Priddy Michelle , Schellenberger Lauren , Harbor Jon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate students' conceptions about watersheds. Specifically: (1) What are students' conceptions of a watershed? and (2) In what ways might students' conceptions vary by grade level and community setting? This study was descriptive in nature and reflected a cross‐age design involving the collection of qualitative data from 915 students from the Midwest, United States. These qualitative data were analyzed for their content in an inductive manner, identifying student's conceptions. This content analysis was followed with a statistical analysis to determine the significance in the frequency of the identified student conceptions. Four categories emerged that reflected these students' conceptions. Based on these findings, we make curricular recommendations that build on the students' conceptions, the watershed concept, and the National Research Council (1996) Science Education Standards. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Sci Ed 91:554–578, 2007
Estimating the potential yield of small building‐mounted wind turbines
Authors: Heath Malcolm A. , Walshe John D. , Watson Simon J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe wind profile in the urban boundary layer is described as following a logarithmic curve above the mean building height and an exponential curve below it. By considering the urban landscape to be an array of cubes, a method is described for calculating the surface roughness length and displacement height of this profile. Firstly, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model employing a k‐ϵ turbulence model is used to simulate the flow around a cube. The results of this simulation are compared with wind tunnel measurements in order to validate the code. Then, the CFD model is used to simulate the wind flow around a simple pitched‐roof building, using a semi‐logarithmic inflow profile. An array of similar pitched‐roof houses is modelled using CFD to determine the flow characteristics within an urban area. Mean wind speeds at potential turbine mounting points are studied, and optimum mounting points are identified for different prevailing wind directions. A methodology is proposed for estimating the energy yield of a building‐mounted turbine from simple information such as wind atlas wind speed and building density. The energy yield of a small turbine on a hypothetical house in west London is estimated. The energy yield is shown to be very low, particularly if the turbine is mounted below rooftop height. It should be stressed that the complexity of modelling such urban environments using such a computational model has limitations and results can only be considered approximate, but nonetheless, gives an indication of expected yields within the built environment. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vaccines for Cholesterol Management
Authors: Rittershaus Charles W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOver the last 50 years, several attempts have been made to harness the power and economy of vaccines in the fight against cardiovascular disease. Vaccines directed to lipoproteins, cholesterol itself, and molecules involved in cholesterol metabolism have all demonstrated success in modifying progression of disease in animal models of atherosclerosis. One vaccine that elicits antibodies to cholesteryl ester transfer protein has also progressed into the realm of human clinical testing. This review summarizes the published scientific work describing the various approaches that have been tried, their strengths and weaknesses, and where this field may go in the future.
Peak bone mass in patients with phenylketonuria
Authors: Modan‐Moses D. , Vered I. , Schwartz G. , Anikster Y. , Abraham S. , Segev R. , Efrati Ori 
Published: March 2007

SummaryObjective: Several studies have suggested a compromised bone mass in phenylketonuria patients but most reported on heterogeneous or small patient groups. Our aim was to evaluate peak bone mass in adult PKU patients and to relate BMD to nutritional parameters. Patients and methods: BMD was measured by dual‐energy x‐ray absorptiometry in 31 adult PKU patients (18 female), mean age 25 ± 5.3 years. Nutritional intake was calculated based on food diaries. Diet adherence was determined based on patients’ report. Results: Mean blood phenylalanine (Phe) concentration was 968 ± 526 μmol/L (16 ± 8.7 mg/dl). Eight patients (32.2%) met the recommended blood Phe concentration of <726 μmol/L (<12 mg/dl), and there was no significant difference in Phe concentrations between diet‐adherent and non‐adherent patients. Osteopenia was detected in 11 patients (38.7%), while osteoporosis was detected in 2 patients (6.5%). No correlation was found between BMD and age, blood minerals, Phe, vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase levels, calcium and protein intake, body mass index, and body fat percentage. Conclusions: Peak bone mass is decreased in PKU patients. Possible explanations include long‐standing dietary deficiency in protein, calcium, vitamin D or trace elements, or a primary defect in bone turnover inherent to the disease itself. Our data do not favour any of these hypotheses. Further studies are needed to elucidate the cause of low bone density in PKU patients.
Molecular and clinical aspects of peroxisomal diseases
Authors: Shimozawa N. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryPeroxisomal diseases, an expanding group of inborn errors of metabolism, can be classified into three categories—peroxisome biogenesis disorders (PBDs), single peroxisomal enzyme deficiencies, and contiguous gene syndrome. PBDs comprise 13 complementation groups and their responsible genes have been identified, including our newly identified group with a PEX14 defect. We have established a diagnostic system of peroxisomal diseases in Japan, and have identified 40 Japanese with PBDs, 11 patients with β‐oxidation enzyme deficiencies and more than 100 patients with adrenoleukodystrophy. Further study of and enlightenment on peroxisomal diseases is necessary to overcome these disorders.
Fabry disease: Baseline medical characteristics of a cohort of 1765 males and females in the Fabry Registry
Authors: Eng C. M. , Fletcher J. , Wilcox W. R. , Waldek S. , Scott C. R. , Sillence D. O. , Breunig F. , Charrow J. , Germain D. P. , Nicholls K. , Banikazemi M. 
Published: March 2007

SummaryThe Fabry Registry is a global observational research platform established to define outcome data on the natural and treated course of this rare disorder. Participating physicians submit structured longitudinal data to a centralized, confidential database. This report describes the baseline demographic and clinical characteristics of the first 1765 patients (54% males (16% aged < 20 years) and 46% females (13% < 20 years)) enrolled in the Fabry Registry. The median ages at symptom onset and diagnosis were 9 and 23 years (males) and 13 and 32 years (females), respectively, indicating diagnostic delays in both sexes. Frequent presenting symptoms in males included neurological pain (62%), skin signs (31%), gastroenterological symptoms (19%), renal signs (unspecified) (17%), and ophthalmological signs (11%). First symptoms in females included neurological pain (41%), gastroenterological symptoms (13%), ophthalmological (12%), and skin signs (12%). For those patients reporting renal progression, the median age at occurrence was 38 years for both sexes, but onset of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events was later in females (median 43 and 47 years, respectively) than in males (38 and 41 years, respectively). This paper demonstrates that in spite of the considerable burden of disease in both sexes that begins to manifest in childhood or adolescence, the recognition of the underlying diagnosis is delayed by 14 years in males and 19 years in females. The Fabry Registry provides data that can increase awareness of common symptoms in all age groups, as well as insight into treated and untreated disease course, leading to improved recognition and earlier treatment, and possibly to improved outcomes for affected individuals.
Natives adapting to invasive species: ecology, genes, and the sustainability of conservation
Authors: Carroll Scott P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractContemporary anthropogenic evolution is common. Biological invasions are an especially dynamic form of novel selection. This paper considers how native species evolve in response to biological invasions and the potential consequences of such evolution. Among numerous recent cases, the most widely reported instances are of phytophagous insects shifting onto introduced host plants. For example, our studies show that in North America and Australia, soapberry bugs evolved substantially after colonizing introduced hosts. Such cases permit close estimation of evolution's direction and rate, and we have used cross‐rearing studies of derived and ancestral‐type populations to measure changes in reaction norms and performance tradeoffs. Different fitness traits have followed very different paths in evolving to their current phenotypic values. Our hybridization studies show that the genetic architecture of these adaptations involves a surprising degree of non‐additive variation (epistasis, dominance). The importance of non‐additive genetic variation in rapid evolution will be clarified as more studies take advantage of similar situations. As appreciation grows for the deep contemporary interplay of evolution and ecology, debate about qualitative terms describing evolution's rate will become less relevant. From a conservation standpoint, contemporary evolution in native species presents challenges for ecologically appropriate and sustainable management. Evolving natives and invaders may reconfigure contemporary and future communities. Adaptive evolution may also enhance native communities’ capacity to control invasive populations.
Brief report: Perceptions of positive and negative support: Do they differ for pregnant/parenting adolescents and nonpregnant, nonparenting adolescents?☆
Authors: Crase Sedahlia Jasper , Hockaday Cathy , Cooper McCarville Pamela 
Published: March 2007

ABSTRACTThis study was designed to examine perceptions of type, source, and amount of social support reported by pregnant and/or parenting (PP) and nonpregnant, nonparenting (NPNP) adolescents. Greater support generally was reported by NPNP than by PP adolescents. The groups did not differ with respect to their perceptions of types of support reported on either the Inventory of Socially Supportive Behaviors (ISSB) or the Arizona Social Support Interview Schedule (ASSIS). PP adolescents reported more support from teachers on the ASSIS than did NPNP adolescents. NPNP adolescents reported more support from best friends and sisters than did the PP group.
NT‐proBNP correlates with right heart haemodynamic parameters and volumes in patients with atrial septal defects
Authors: Schoen S.P. , Zimmermann T. , Kittner T. , Braun M.U. , Fuhrmann J. , Schmeisser A. , Strasser R.H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBackground:To investigate the role of N‐terminal pro‐BNP (NT‐proBNP) for the estimation of right heart failure and pulmonary pressure in patients with atrial septal defects (ASD) before and after percutaneous defect closure.Methods:We performed correlation analysis for NT‐proBNP and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) as well as right ventricular enddiastolic and endsystolic volume (RVEDV, RVESV) determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before and up to one year following ASD closure. Additionally NT‐proBNP concentrations were correlated with right atrial (RA) and RV enddiastolic pressure (RVEDP), ASD size and interatrial left‐to‐right shunt.Results:Baseline RVSP was 33±8 mmHg, which decreased significantly during follow‐up. Initially, NT‐proBNP levels were 240±93 pg/ml. After closure, a reduction to 1167±62 pg/ml was obvious (p<0.01). Baseline MRI showed enlarged RV volumes in all individuals. At six and twelve months follow‐up a significant reduction of RVEDV and RVESV was apparent. A positive correlation was noted between RV volumes and NT‐proBNP (r=0.65, p<0.05). Furthermore RA pressure, RVEDP, RVSP and left‐to‐right shunt significantly correlated to peptide levels. No correlation was seen between ASD size and NT‐proBNP.Conclusion:NT‐proBNP correlates to right ventricular dilatation, pulmonary pressure and left‐to‐right shunt in volume load of the right heart caused by an underlying ASD.
Customization and real time information access in integrated eBusiness supply chain relationships
Authors: Klein Richard 
Published: March 2007

AbstracteBusiness enabled information systems and technology have proliferated with the diffusion and technological advances of the Internet. This research examines supply chain management relationships between service providers and clients, focusing on the performance impacts of (1) the level of customization implemented by clients using vendor provided eBusiness solutions and (2) the subsequent real time access achieved with respect to operational information maintained by vendors. The study also focuses on the impacts of the provider's information exchange behavior and both parties’ level of trust. Using dyadic data collected from a logistics services provider and 91 clients, findings show that the level of customization and real time information access has a direct positive impact on performance outcomes realized by both. Additionally, results demonstrate that provider's level of trust in the client positively influences their information exchange behavior, and in turn, information exchange behavior positively impacts client customizations.
The role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in human cancer
Authors: Ropero Santiago , Esteller Manel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe balance of histone acetylation and deacetylation is an epigenetic layer with a critical role in the regulation of gene expression. Histone acetylation induced by histone acetyl transferases (HATs) is associated with gene transcription, while histone hypoacetylation induced by histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity is associated with gene silencing. Altered expression and mutations of genes that encode HDACs have been linked to tumor development since they both induce the aberrant transcription of key genes regulating important cellular functions such as cell proliferation, cell‐cycle regulation and apoptosis. Thus, HDACs are among the most promising therapeutic targets for cancer treatment, and they have inspired researchers to study and develop HDAC inhibitors.
A-type leucogranite magmatism in the evolution of continental crust on the western margin of the Siberian craton
Authors: Vernikovskaya A.E. , Vernikovsky V.A. , Sal’nikova E.B. , Kotov A.B. , Kovach V.P. , Travin A.V. , Wingate M.T.D. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We discuss problems of the origin, settings, and age of Neoproterozoic A-type leucogranites widespread in the Yenisei Ridge. Combined analysis of geological, petrological, and geochemical (including isotope) data shows that some granitoids (Glushikha complex) were formed at the postcollisional stage (750–720 Ma), and others (Tatarka complex), in an anorogenic environment (680–630 Ma). The anorogenic complex contains diverse igneous rocks, including alkaline varieties and carbonatites. Leucogranites form separate plutons within different igneous complexes. They have high contents of potassium (up to ultrapotassic composition in the Glushikha complex), iron, and fluorine and are depleted in europium. Postcollisional granitoids show the highest concentrations of Rb, Th, and U, extremely low concentrations of Ba and Sr, whereas anorogenic granitoids are rich in Ta, Nb, Y, Sm, and HREE. The obtained data point to the augmented mantle contribution to the formation of continental crust of the Yenisei Ridge between 750 and 630 Ma. We also report new results of U-Pb zircon dating, including SHRIMP and Ar-Ar data.
Neoproterozoic evolution of Rodinia: constraints from new paleomagnetic data on the western margin of the Siberian craton
Authors: Metelkin D.V. , Vernikovsky V.A. , Kazansky A.Yu. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The paper summarizes paleomagnetic results obtained from the Neoproterozoic rocks of the western margin of the Siberian craton. On the basis of the obtained paleomagnetic poles and available paleomagnetic data for the Precambrian of Siberia, a new version of the Neoproterozoic segment of the apparent polar wandering path (APWP) is proposed for the craton and is compared with the Laurentian APWP. The superposition of these paths suggests that in the Neoproterozoic the southern margin of the Siberian craton (in modern coordinates) faced the Canadian margin of Laurentia. Most likely, in the end of the Mesoproterozoic and during the Neoproterozoic the Siberian craton and Laurentia were connected to form the supercontinent Rodinia. At 1 Ga the western margin of the Siberian craton was a northern (in modern coordinates) continuation of the western margin of Laurentia. The available paleomagnetic data on Laurentia and continental blocks of Eastern Gondwana (Australia, Antarctica, India, South China) and the proposed APWP trend allowed a new model for the breakup of this segment of Rodinia. Analysis of a total of the data available suggests that strike-slip movements on the background of the progressive opening of the oceanic basin between Siberia and Laurentia were predominant in the south of the Siberian craton during the Neoproterozoic. Similar kinematics is typical of the western margin of Laurentia, where strike-slip motions are probably associated with the progressive opening of the ocean basin between Laurentia and eastern Gondwana.
Northern segment of the Paleoasian Ocean: Neoproterozoic deposition history and geodynamics
Authors: Stanevich A.M. , Mazukabzov A.M. , Postnikov A.A. , Nemerov V.K. , Pisarevsky S.A. , Gladkochub D.P. , Donskaya T.V. , Kornilova T.A. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
We suggest new age constraints for regional stratigraphic units and a model of the Neoproterozoic geodynamic evolution of the southern Siberian craton proceeding from our data on genesis and lithology of sedimentary and volcanosedimentary complexes and their correlation combined with published geochronological and chemostratigraphic evidence. Large-scale rifting events in the region may have occurred between 1000 and 850 Ma in the east and between 780 and 730 Ma in the west. The latter time span correlates with the breakup of the Rodinia supercontinent. The interval of 780–680 Ma corresponding to the deposition of the Dalnyaya Taiga regional stratigraphic unit was marked by the onset of collision and the development of an island arc and a back-arc basin in the eastern part of the territory. The basal strata of the Baikal and Oselok Groups and their equivalents presumably deposited at about 730 Ma, and their signature of glacial events correlates with the global Sturtian Glacial. The deposition of the Zhuya unit between 680 and 630 Ma was associated with development of a foreland basin which gave way to a system of orogenic foredeeps in the Early Vendian (since 630 Ma). Our studies furnish new data on the stratigraphy of the Baikal Group and shed more light on its complex structure and ambiguously interpreted deposition sequence.
High-pressure complexes of Central Asian Fold Belt: geologic setting, geochemistry, and geodynamic implications
Authors: Volkova N.I. , Sklyarov E.V. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Blueschists are constituents of subduction-accretion complexes, where they occur either as separate tectonic slabs, slices, and lenses, or as exotic blocks in a melange. Often associated with ophiolites, blueschists are commonly metamorphosed members of ophiolite sections. Along with ophiolite, a typical component of high-pressure belts is alkaline ocean-island basalt comprehensively studied in the Uimon zone of Gorny Altai and Chara zone of Eastern Kazakhstan. This suggests active plume magmatism in the Early Paleozoic evolution of the Paleoasian Ocean. As inferred from sutures with high-pressure rocks, different parts of Paleoasian Ocean were closing successively.