bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Sonographic measurement of penile erectile volume
Authors: Chen Kuang‐Kuo , Chou Yi‐Hong , Chang Luke S. , Chen Ming‐Tsun 
Published: February 2007

AbstractFor more accurate determination of the penile erectile volume in the flaccid and erectile states, and the difference between them, 20 impotent patients from 36 years old to 70 years old were enrolled in the study. Penile Doppler ultrasonography was performed to check the diameter of each corpus cavernosum, and diameter and peak flow velocity of each cavernous artery before and after intracavernous injection with 10 μg to 20 μg prostaglandin E1 (PGE1). The penile length was measured from base to midglans manually before and after PGE1 injection. The erectile volume in flaccid and erectile states was calculated as π2 × length. The summation of erectile volume of left and right corpus cavernosum was taken as the total erectile volume. The patients were classified into good (10 patients) and poor (10 patients) response groups based mainly on the mean peak flow velocity of both cavernous arteries greater or less than 25 cm/s. There was a significant increase of erectile parameters (penile length, diameter of corpus cavernosum, and total erectile volume) after PGE1 injection in each group of patients. For the total of 20 patients, the mean increase of penile length was 4.27 cm (80.0%), the diameter of corpus cavernosum was 0.66 cm (77.9%), and total erectile volume was 27.87 mL (459.0%). A comparison of the increase of penile erectile parameters after PGE1 injection between the good and poor response groups of patients revealed a significantly greater increase of the diameter of corpus cavernosum in the good response patients.
Ultrasonographic fine‐needle aspiration of pathological masses in the head and neck region
Authors: Siegert Ralf , Küppers Peter , Barreton Gustavo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTwo hundred and eight ultrasonographic fine‐needle aspiration biopsies were performed in patients with head and neck masses and examined cytologically. The average minimum diameter of the masses was 1.5 cm. The smallest punctured lymph node located in the perivascular sheath had a diameter of 0.4 cm. In none of the patients were complications observed. Ninety‐seven percent of the diagnoses based on cytological examination were confirmed in the histological examination of surgical biopsies or in the further clinical course.
New simple method for thyroid volume determination by ultrasonography
Authors: Szebeni Ágnes , Beleznay Éva 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA new, simple, and accurate ultrasonic method is elaborated for thyroid volume determination with commercially available high‐resolution real‐time equipment. The method takes into account the special and variable shape of the thyroid. The measurements were taken in three perpendicular sections. Volume calculations were done by applying the corrected ellipsoid model and computer‐aided numerical integration, as well as by the conventional simple ellipsoid model. The accuracy of the method was tested by comparing direct measurements of a silicone rubber phantom with ultrasonography of a tissue‐equivalent thyroid phantom. Both phantoms were modeled as casts of the same thyroid, which was obtained at autopsy. From the phantom measurements the deviation between the volume calculated by numerical integration or the corrected ellipsoid method and the real volume determined directly with the silicone rubber phantom was less than 5% on average, while volume calculations using the conventional ellipsoid model involved about + 20% systematic error. In vivo studies in 40 subjects gave similar results: the ratios of the volumes calculated by simple and corrected ellipsoid method and by numerical integration [V(E), V(CE), and V(NI), respectively] were [V(E)/V(CE)] = 1.19 ± 0.11 and [V(NI)/V(CE)] = 1.02 ± 0.11. In conclusion corrected ellipsoid method is suggested for the clinical practice.
Portosystemic collateral shunts originating from the left portal veins in portal hypertension: Demonstration by Color Doppler flow imaging
Authors: Sugiura Nobuyuki , Karasawa Eii , Saotome Naoki , Miki Makoto , Matsutani Shouichi , Ohto Masao 
Published: February 2007

AbstractColor Doppler flow imaging was performed in 121 patients with portal hypertension. Portosystemic collateral shunts originating from the left portal veins were seen in 41 of the patients. A single collateral shunt was seen in 27 of these, and multiple collateral shunts were seen in the other 14. Collateral shunts running in the ligamentum teres were seen in 26 of the 41 patients; the veins ran through the liver parenchyma in 25 of these. B‐mode ultrasound imaging could not clearly demonstrate vascular structures in 55% of the collateral shunts. Color Doppler flow imaging provided a clear picture of the course of the portosystemic collateral shunts originating from the left portal vein. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Continuous recording of changes in intracranial pressure using interference echoes of ultrasonic wave: A preliminary report of practicality and clinical evaluation
Authors: Kuchiwaki Hiroji , Inao Suguru , Andoh Kazuhiko , Itoh Junki , Sakuma Nobumitsu , Takishita Toshio , Ogura Yukio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe attempted to examine intracranial pressure (ICP) noninvasively using probes receiving interference echoes of ultrasound from thin layers between the skull and the surface of the cerebrum.The reception of echo through bone flaps less than 5‐mm thick was good. Normal adults (4) and patients (4) were examined by attaching ultrasound probes to the frontotemporal scalp. Recordings were performed during rest, Valsalva maneuver, hyperventilation, and pumping of a shunt‐flushing device. Ultrasound recordings of ICP were compared with those of the scalp using two different time windows. The effect of scalp vessels on the ultrasound recordings of ICP was evaluated. The waves from a pressure transducer and the ultrasound probe were similar. This method was found to useful for ICP recording. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Renal transplantation: The normal morphological and Doppler ultrasound examination
Authors: Jurriaans Erik , Dubbins Paul A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIf ultrasound imaging and image‐directed Doppler examination of the renal allograft is to provide information with respect to graft complications and graft failure, then a clear understanding of normal characteristics is required. Criteria for abnormality of a graft will include change in size, in parenchymal pattern, and in blood flow characteristics in the main and branch renal arteries and within the renal vein.Normal measurements for the renal allograft are presented as well as morphological and numerical data relating to cortico medullary differentiation. A wide range of values for indices quantifying Doppler data is recorded in the literature. Mean values and standard deviations from the mean are presented. The importance of different parameters as potential indicators of disease are stressed, but the limitations, usually as a result of normal variation and lack of specificity, are presented. The normal features of color‐coded Doppler vascular supply, perfusion, and drainage are described. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Vascular complications in the adult kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Plainfosse M. C. , Calonge V. Menoyo , Beyloune‐Mainardi C. , Glotz D. , Duboust A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractVascular complications of renal transplantation occurred in 15% of the cases. They are thrombotic infarct, arterial stenosis, arterio‐venous fistula, and chronic arterial diseases. From 900 renal transplantations performed, only 120 (made since 1989) were studied with color flow Doppler (CFD). Lack of arterial signal is indicative of main arterial thrombosis (or of renal infarct if thrombosis is limited). At the site of arterial stenosis, high velocity and turbulence are found. If the stenosis is more than 70%, the rising systolic time is longer than 0.07 sec in the post‐stenotic artery. Arterio‐venous fistulas are frequent after renal biopsy. They provoke vibrations transmitted to peri‐vascular tissues and seen with CFD as a large area of turbulence. In the feeding artery, Fast Fourrier Transformation (FFT) showed a high velocity with a low resistive index and pulsed flow in the outgoing vein. Chronic arterial diseases include cyclosporine A intoxication and chronic rejection. These two diseases cannot be diagnosed by CFD alone. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonography of the native kidney in dialysis and transplant patients
Authors: Allan P. L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe native kidneys in patients on dialysis or after transplantation tend to be overlooked until problems occur in relation to them. Their appearance can be variable and does not bear any consistent relationship to the cause of the renal failure; although in some cases, such as polycystic kidney disease, there are specific changes to be seen. Size can also be variable with little correlation to pathology in most cases. Acquired cystic disease of the kidneys is seen in up to 92% of long‐term dialysis patients and also can be seen in patients with chronic renal failure. Proliferative changes occur in the kidneys which result in the development of cysts, adenomas and, in approximately 1% to 2% of dialysis patients, malignant lesions. It is probable that these changes are caused by a combination of factors, including circulating agents which are not cleared adequately by dialysis. There is some evidence that these changes are halted, or even reversed following a successful transplant. Problems with infection and hemorrhage may occur in patients with polycystic kidney disease. Problems with infection may also occur in patients with calculi, with longstanding pyelonephritis, or reflux. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Transient renal medullary hyperechogenicity in ultrasound studies of neonates: Is it a normal phenomenon and what are the causes?
Authors: Riebel Thomas W. , Abraham Klaus , Wartner Rolf , Müller Reinhold 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA prospective ultrasound study of the renal morphology of 51 neonates with no clinical signs of renal impairment showed transient medullary hyperechogenicity of varying intensity in 37%. These findings were made in the first few postnatal days, were not accompanied by any other echographic changes, and disappeared again within the first week of life. They were encountered twice as often in full‐term as in premature babies. In parallel with this phenomenon, the concentration of Tamm–Horsfall protein, calcium, and uric acid, and the osmolality were determined in the daily urine of 44 of these neonates. The analyses did not provide any definite clues as to the etiology of the ultrasound findings. It is therefore suggested that the term “Tamm‐Horsfall nephropathy or proteinuria” should no longer be used for such sonographic phenomena in the neonatal kidney, but rather, they should be regarded as normal. Furthermore, the term “tubular stasis nephropathy” should be reserved for cases with clinically demonstrable impairment of renal function. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Intrascrotal adenomatoid tumors and their ultrasound findings
Authors: Mäkäräinen Hanna P. , Tammela Teuvo L. J. , Karttunen Tuomo J. , Mattila Seija I. , Hellström Pekka A. , Kontturi Matti J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAdenomatoid tumors are regarded as uncommon neoplasms of the paratesticular tissues, probably of mesothelial origin, and the majority of cases reported have involved the epididymis. Ultrasonography is the method of choice for imaging scrotal pathology, but there are very few data on ultrasound findings in cases of adenomatoid tumors. We report our experience and ultrasound findings regarding 8 intrascrotal adenomatoid tumors–3 cases of a testicular tunica albuginea tumor and 5 cases of epididymal origin. Ultrasonography is recommended as the preoperative imaging method for excluding the possibility of a cystic lesion and for determining the location of the tumor. Local excision is regarded as the treatment of choice. The clinical course of all these tumors was benign, without recurrences. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fetal choroid plexus cysts: An independent risk factor for chromosomal anomalies
Authors: Porto Manuel , Murata Yuji , Warneke Lisa A. , Keegan Kirk A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAs a result of numerous conflicting reports, we designed a prospective controlled study to determine the inherent risk of aneuploidy with second‐trimester fetal choroid plexus cysts. Our controls were patients who had ultrasonography and genetic amniocentesis, between 15 weeks and 22 weeks, menstrual age, by the same sonologist on the same day as a study subject with a choroid plexus cyst. Sixty‐three cases of fetal choroid plexus cysts were detected in 3247 second‐trimester examinations (1.9%). Six chromosomally abnormal fetuses [Trisomy 18 (3), Down syndrome (2), Klinefelter syndrome] were found in the cyst group (9.5%) with only one Trisomy 21 among the controls (0.5%) (p <.002). Of note, 5 of 21 (23.8%) fetuses with cysts greater than 5 mm in diameter had aneuploidy, as compared with only 1 of 42 (2.4%) chromosomal anomalies with smaller cysts (p <.02). We conclude that fetal choroid plexus cysts are an independent risk factor for chromosomal anomalies; genetic counseling and prenatal chromosomal analysis are indicated. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasonography of the thyroid gland in pregnancies complicated by autoimmune thyroid disease
Authors: Zimmermann Peter , Takala Teuvo , Pöyhönen Lauri , Punnonen Reijo 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThyroid function and ultrasonographically determined thyroid volume were studied in nine pregnant women with diagnosed autoimmune thyroid disease at regular intervals during pregnancy and two months after delivery. The results were compared to the findings in ten healthy pregnant women. In ultrasound examinations seven of the patients showed definite morphological changes such as hypoechogeneity and inhomogeneity of the thyroid gland, which did not change during the course of pregnancy nor during the post‐partum period of eight weeks. There were no morphological changes in the thyroid glands of the control group. The mean thyroid volume did not significantly change during pregnancy and after delivery in both the patient group and controls. The mean thyroid volume was smaller in the study group, with 7.55 ml (SD 6.01) compared to the controls with 11.29 ml (SD 5.61), a difference which was not statistically significant. Neither course of pregnancy nor fetal outcome was influenced by inactive autoimmune disease of the thyroid. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐resolution ultrasonography in the diagnosis of scrotal pathology: I. Normal scrotum and benign disease
Authors: Gerscovich Eugenio O. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractUltrasonography is a readily accessible imaging modality. It is relatively inexpensive, is noninvasive, and requires no ionizing radiation or previous preparation. For these reasons, ultrasonography is the examination of choice in the study of the scrotum and its contents. We present a review of the pathology of the scrotum and its contents. For that, we cite multiple sources of the current medical literature and illustrate them with cases performed at the University of California Davis Medical Center during the last 2.5 years. Due to the extent of the pathology in consideration, we have divided it in two parts. This article deals with normal ultrasonography anatomy, technique, epididymal and testicular cysts, scrotal calcifications, acute and chronic inflammatory disease, testicular torsion, scrotal trauma, varicocele, undescended testis, and miscellaneous conditions. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasound image properties influenced by abdominal wall thickness and composition
Authors: Haberkorn Uwe , Layer Günter , Rudat Volker , Zuna Ivan , Lorenz Adolf , van Kaick Gerhard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe influence of different examination conditions on the ultrasound B‐scan was investigated using a tissue‐mimicking phantom and a computerized ultrasound system. Several fat—muscle combinations simulated differences in abdominal wall thickness and composition. The analysis of the ultrasound images was performed by use of statistical parameters applied in ultrasound tissue characterization, thereby the influence of the abdominal wall thickness and composition on the ultrasound image brightness, microtexture, and macrotexture (image sharpness) was studied. An increasing fat path caused a decrease in ultrasound image brightness and microtexture. The macrotexture was largely unaffected. Muscle tissue alone had a weak influence on the microtexture parameters. Our results show that an increase in the fat layer of the abdominal wall causes a darker, unsharp image and may lead to false diagnoses, especially in adiposity. Furthermore, fat—muscle combinations caused a decrease in image brightness and contrast. The decrease in these image properties was dependent on the thickness of the combination as well as on the frequency of the transducer. The effects were stronger for high‐frequency transducers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ultrasound‐guided percutaneous galactography
Authors: Rissanen Tarja , Typpö Tapani , Tikkakoski Tapani , Turunen Jarmo , Myllymäki Timo , Suramo Ilkka 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe present a new percutaneous ultrasound‐guided galactography technique that may be used in patients in whom the conventional technique fails and breast ultrasonography shows dilated ducts. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Effect of variations of heart rate within the normal range on renal artery Doppler indices in nonpregnant and pregnant women
Authors: Kublickas Marius , Randmaa Ivar , Lunell Nils‐Olov , Westgren Magnus 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe effect of heart rate on Doppler indices in the renal artery was studied in 21 nonpregnant, 17 normal and 27 preeclamptic pregnant patients. The central hemodynamics was evaluated by Doppler ultrasound in all pregnant women. The study demonstrated no influence of heart rate on renal artery Doppler indices. Central hemodynamic parameters, such as cardiac output, stroke volume, mean arterial pressure and total systemic resistance did not change with increasing heart rate. We do not recommend any correction of the renal artery Doppler indices for heart rate in the range considered clinically normal (60 to 95 beats/min). Above or below this range further investigations are required to determine if corrections would be necessary. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Three‐dimensional intravascular ultrasonography: Reconstruction of endovascular stents in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Mintz Gary S. , Pichard Augusto D. , Satler Lowell F. , Popma Jeffrey J. , Kent Kenneth M. , Leon Martin B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBackground: Intravascular ultrasonography displays an artery in loosely related cross‐sectional images with limited axial information. However, intravascular ultrasound images are suited to three‐dimensional reconstruction.Methods: A comprehensive intravascular ultrasound imaging system was used to reconstruct planar images in three‐dimensions. This system consisted of a 25MHz transducer‐tipped rigid probe (for in vitro studies) or a 25MHz transducer‐tipped catheter within a 3.9F monorail imaging sheath (for in vivo studies), a motorized catheter pullback device that withdraws the transducer at 0.5mm/s, and an image processing computer that stacks 15 cross‐sectional images/mm of stent axial length and then performs thresholding‐based three‐dimensional image rendering. We imaged 10 stents (4 Palmaz–Schatz, 3 Wiktor, 2 Strecker, and 1 Medinvent) in vitro after implantation in freshly harvested saphenous veins and 37 Palmaz‐Schatz stents in vivo, 10 in native coronary arteries and 27 in vein grafts, 21 acutely and 18 on follow‐up.Results: Three‐dimensional reconstruction of images obtained with this system reproduced the geometry of each stent design. In vitro, images of the Palmaz‐Schatz stents showed the expanded diamonds, the central articulation, and flaring of both ends of both halves of the stents. Images of the Wiktor stents showed the sinusoidal wave‐shaped coils in their helical configuration. Images of the Strecker stents showed the interlocking‐loop design with gaps between the terminal loops at either end of the stent. Images of the Medinvent stent reproduced the woven texture formed by braiding the stent wires. Three‐dimensional reconstruction of images obtained in vivo also reproduced the spatial geometry of the Palmaz–Schatz stent. However, reconstruction of in vivo images was limited by cardiac‐cycle‐linked vessel motion and torsion and the presence of echo‐dense tissue that could not be separated completely from the stent itself.Conclusions: Properly acquired intravascular ultrasound images can be used to reconstruct the spatial geometry of endovascular stents. Because stent spatial geometry is known and unambiguous, reconstruction of endovascular stents should be one of the tests of imaging systems designed to perform three‐dimensional reconstruction of ultrasound images. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Factors affecting image quality and diagnostic efficacy in abdominal sonography: A prospective study of 140 patients
Authors: Shmulewitz Ascher , Teefey Sharlene A. , Robinson Brent S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA study was undertaken to evaluate the limitations of abdominal sonography in a group of predominantly elderly patients. In the majority of patients (98%) sonography, using 3.5 MHz and 5 MHz array transducers permitted visualization of the major abdominal organs with image quality sufficient for definitive diagnosis, but improved image quality would be desirable in 78% of this sample. Obesity and immobilization were associated with poor sonographic image quality. In 31 of the 45 (69%) poor image quality studies, no near‐field artifacts (less than 3 cm depth) were observed. Obstacles in the acoustic path were noted in 77% of the poor image quality studies. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Compensatory renal growth in children and adults studied by Doppler sonography
Authors: Gudinchet F. , Meuli R. , Regazzoni B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo identify modifications of kidney morphology and of the time‐velocity spectral waveform associated with long‐term compensatory hypertrophy, spectral Doppler sonography was performed in 30 children and adults with solitary kidneys 7 years to 28 years following nephrectomy. Doppler signals were obtained from three arterial sites in each kidney. The average renal volume was 207 mL and the mean hypertrophy of the kidneys was 186%. The mean value of pulsatility (PI) and Pourcelot (RI) indexes of solitary hypertrophied kidneys was significantly lower than that of normal paired kidneys or allografts with normal function described in the literature. The PI and RI were found to correlate inversely with the kidney volume and the body surface area (BSA). In spite of a long follow‐up time, no patient suffered from renal failure. This study suggests that in the case of solitary kidney, specific ranges of PI and RI should be employed rather than those used with paired kidneys. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.