bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Strategies of self‐regulation in goal attainment versus goal maintenance
Authors: Brodscholl Jeff C. , Kober Hedy , Higgins E. Tory 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe propose that there exists an important difference between attainment and maintenance in terms of the goal pursuit strategies for which they call. Specifically, we propose that goal attainment calls for the use of eager approach strategies, whereas goal maintenance calls for the use of vigilant avoidance strategies. We distinguish between attainment versus maintenance as two different goal pursuit conditions on the one hand, and promotion versus prevention focus as two different self‐regulatory concerns on the other hand. We then use insights from Regulatory Fit Theory to make predictions concerning the interactive effects of these two motivational dimensions on outcome valuations. Consistent with our proposal about attainment and maintenance, we found that participants in a promotion focus valued the outcome of an attainment task more than did participants in a prevention focus, whereas the opposite was true for a maintenance task. Implications for maintenance‐related phenomena such as belief perseverance effects are subsequently discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cholesterol‐rich membrane coatings for interaction studies in capillary electrophoresis: Application to red blood cell lipid extracts
Authors: Lindén Maria V. , Holopainen Juha M. , Laukkanen Antti , Riekkola Marja‐Liisa , Wiedmer Susanne K. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe purpose was to develop a stable biological membrane coating for CE useful for membrane interaction studies. The effect of cholesterol (chol) on the stability of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and sphingomyelin (SM) coatings was studied. In addition, a fused‐silica capillary for CE was coated with human red blood cell (RBC) ghost lipids. Liposomes prepared of DPPC/SM with and without chol or RBC ghost lipids were flushed through the capillary and the stability of the coating was measured electrophoretically. Similar mixtures of DPPC/SM with and without chol were further studied by differential scanning calorimetry. The presence of phosphatidylcholine as a basic component in the coating solution of DPPC/SM/chol was found to be essential to achieve a good and stable coating. The results also confirmed the stability of coatings obtained with solutions of DPPC with 0–30 mol% of chol and SM in different ratios, which more closely resemble natural membranes. Finally, the electrophoretic measurements revealed that a stable coating is formed when capillaries are coated with liposomes of RBC ghost lipids.
Preparation and evaluation of C18‐bonded 1‐µm silica particles for pressurized capillary electrochromatography
Authors: Qu Qishu , Lu Xiao , Huang Xiaojing , Hu Xiaoya , Zhang Yukui , Yan Chao 
Published: September 2006

AbstractNonporous silica spheres (1 µm) were synthesized and bonded with octadecylsilane functionality. These stationary phase particles were packed electrokinetically into fused‐silica capillaries with 100 µm id for a length of 20 cm, which was evaluated by using pressurized CEC (pCEC). The efficiency of the C18 RP column was characterized through the theoretical plates of thiourea, benzyl alcohol, toluene, styrene, and naphthalene. The effects of experimental parameters such as the applied voltage, sample size, pump flow rate, pH value and the concentration of the buffer solution, and the content of methanol in the mobile phase, on‐column efficiency were evaluated. Column efficiency as high as 200 000 theoretical plates per meter for naphthalene was obtained with the optimal condition of 70% v/v methanol and 30% v/v of 10 mmol/L phosphate buffer (pH 7.8) at an applied voltage of 10 kV and a supplementary pressure of 500 psi.
Effect of barium tetraborate on the separation of tryptic digests of proteins by zone electrophoresis in uncoated capillaries
Authors: Mendieta Martha Elena , Antonioli Paolo , Righetti Pier Giorgio , Citterio Attilio , Descroix Stephanie , Sebastiano Roberto 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA simple, fast, efficient and reproducible method for peptide separations in CZE is reported. It consists in running tryptic digests of peptides in an uncoated capillary, in a BGE composed of tetraborate as a buffering ion, in which the typical sodium counterion is substituted with barium. Efficient absorption of this divalent cation to ionized silanols and barium silicate precipitation seem to be able to shield effectively the silica surface from separands. This is demonstrated by the fact that, when tBa2+ ions are present in solution (from pH 8.5 up to pH 11.0), the electroendoosmotic flow is reversed; such reversal being progressively higher at higher pH values, by up to a four‐fold. Separations become progressively better at higher pH values, whereas at pH 11 in sodium tetraborate they are dramatically worsened. It is further hypothesized that the barium silicate layer further protects the silica surface against dissolution and corrosion which is quite substantial at pH 11.
Maximum‐likelihood estimation for multivariate spatial linear coregionalization models
Authors: Zhang Hao 
Published: September 2006

AbstractA multivariate spatial linear coregionalization model is considered that incorporates the Matérn class of covariograms. An EM algorithm is developed for maximum‐likelihood estimation that has a few desirable properties and is capable of handling high‐dimensional data. Most estimates in the EM algorithm are updated through closed form expressions and these estimates automatically satisfy necessary constraints. The model and algorithm are illustrated through a real example. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Estimating the unknown change point in the parameters of the lognormal distribution
Authors: Jandhyala V. K. , Fotopoulos S. B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractWe develop change‐point methodology for identifying dynamic trends in the parameters of a two‐parameter lognormal distribution. The methodology primarily considers the asymptotic distribution of the maximum likelihood estimate of the unknown change point. Among others, the asymptotic distribution enables one to construct confidence interval estimates for the unknown change point. The methodology is applied to identify changes in the monthly water discharges of the Nacetinsky Creek in the German part of the Ergebirge Mountains. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An info‐gap approach to power and sample size calculations
Authors: Fox David R. , Ben‐Haim Yakov , Hayes Keith R. , McCarthy Michael A. , Wintle Brendan , Dunstan Piers 
Published: September 2006

AbstractPower and sample size calculations are an important but underutilised component of many ecological investigations. A key problem with these calculations is the need to estimate or guess the effect size and error variance (the design parameters) prior to the actual data collection. Furthermore, calculations associated with statistical power and sample size are invariably predicated on normal distribution theory. While the central limit theorem ensures the applicability of normal‐based inference for reasonably large sample sizes, the impact of violations of this assumed distributional form in the context of power and sample size determinations is rarely considered. This paper uses information‐gap theory to provide sample size guidelines that are robust to uncertainties associated with both the design parameters and distributional form. A simple information‐gap approach is developed for one‐ and two‐sided hypothesis tests. The model results quantify the extent to which minimum power demands can be protected from uncertainty by taking additional samples, and demonstrate the importance of the combined effects of standard deviation/effect size ratio and assumed distribution in these considerations. Info‐gap theory does not eliminate the need for an initial estimate or best guess of the design parameters or the specification of a parametric distribution from which to compute power. It does, however, measure the degree of insurance provided by additional samples in the face of uncertainties in each of these. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of specimen size and loading conditions on spalling of concrete
Authors: Boström Lars , Wickström Ulf , Adl‐Zarrabi Bijan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDifferent qualities of concrete have been fire tested using different geometries of the specimens as well as different load levels and load configurations. The main objective with the study was to examine a test methodology consisting of a full‐scale test and different small scale‐tests for determining the probability of spalling and the amount of spalling of fire exposed concrete structures. A reference specimen was defined as a one‐sided fire exposed slab with the dimensions 1800 × 1200 mm2 giving an exposed area of 1500 × 1200 mm2. A number of concrete qualities with different probabilities for spalling, were tested using the reference specimen. These tests showed that the reference specimens worked well giving the expected test results. Small specimens were manufactured in different shapes with the same concrete as the one used in the reference tests. These small specimens were tested either at the same time as the reference specimens in the large furnace or afterwards on a small‐scale furnace where the fire exposed surface was 450 × 360 mm2.The test results clearly show the increased probability and the increased amount of spalling by using external compressive loading. The results also show that by using pre‐stress through bars or wires the load can be lost due to heating of the bars/wires which results in a decreased amount of spalling.The boundary of the specimen also affects the amount of spalling. The spalling around the edges was in all tests less than the spalling on the central parts of the exposed area. It could also be noted that the spalling did not pass completely through any of the specimens. The reason for this is probably that the water/vapour could migrate out from the unexposed surface of the specimen. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Divinyl sulfide and its selenium and tellurium analogs as starting materials for the preparation of polyfunctional alkyl, aromatic, and heteroaromatic vinyl chalcogenides
Authors: Gavrilova Galina M. , Amosova Svetlana V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractDivinyl sulfide and its selenium and tellurium analogs have been used as starting materials for the introduction of vinylchalcogeno groups by reaction of halogenoalkanes, epichlorohydrin, polybromoorganyl sulfides or sulfoxides, perfluoro(chloro)benzenes, and dihalogenopyridines with sodium vinylchalcogenate. This approach has enabled the preparation of polyfunctional vinylsulfanyl derivatives of perfluoro(chloro)benzenes, which are applied for the synthesis of N‐, O‐, and S‐containing heterocyclic systems. The structures of the new compounds have been confirmed by IR and 1H, 13C, 19F NMR spectroscopy. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:491–498, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20270
Polyvalent iodine in organic chemistry: Recent developments, 2002–2005
Authors: Matveeva E. D. , Proskurnina M. V. , Zefirov N. S. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractIn the last three years, great strides were achieved in the field of organic chemistry of polyvalent iodine compounds. This paper includes the published works on this field from 2002–2005 (Zhdankin, V. V.; Stang, P. J Chem Rev 2002, 102, 2523–2584; Stang, P. J. J Org Chem 2003, 68, 2997–3008; Wirth, T.; Hirt, U. H. Synthesis 1999, 1271–1287; Morales‐Rojas, H.; Moss, R. A. Chem Rev 2002, 102, 2497–2521). It focuses on eight areas: (1) hypervalent iodine reagents as mild oxidants, (2) the addition of hypervalent iodine compounds to alkenes, (3) fluorination of organic compounds by hypervalent iodine compounds, (4) some new reactions of nucleophilic substitution of hypervalent iodine moiety, (5) iodine(III) compounds as a source of nitrene and carbene moiety, (6) novel and new iodine(III) compounds and methods of their preparation, (7) polyvalent iodine compounds in synthesis of natural compounds, and (8) miscellaneous. The published works focus on some hypervalent iodine reagents that have received a widespread practical application in organic chemistry. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:595–617, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20273
Transformation of copper(I) thiophosphite complexes into copper(I) clusters bridged by diisopropyldisulfides and diethyldisulfides
Authors: Kursheva Lidiya I. , Kataeva Olga N. , Krivolapov Dmitry B. , Batyeva Elvira S. , Sinyashin O. G. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe cleavage of coordination bonds in copper(I) halide thiophosphite complexes with the following transformation of the PS containing ligands in metal coordination sphere results in new cluster compounds bridged by disulfides. Thus, polymeric and tetrameric complexes of Cu(I) halides with thiophosphite ligands (triethyltrithiophosphites and triisopropyltrithiophosphites) were found to be transformed at the storage or upon recrystallization in polar solvents (CHCl3, CH3CN) into polymeric copper(I) clusters with Cu···Cu short contacts: [Cu2X2·L]n (where L = (EtS)2, (i‐PrS)2; X = Cl, Br). A completely different new polymeric complex was obtained by direct interaction of copper bromide with diethyl disulfide. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:542–546, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20274
Quantitative analysis of bonding in P4 clusters
Authors: Tsirelson V. G. , Tarasova N. P. , Bobrov M. F. , Smetannikov Yu. V. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractQuantum‐topological analysis based on the nonempirical quantum‐chemical calculations of P4 clusters in the different electronic states has been done. Changes in the geometric parameters for the different electronic states of the equilibrium phosphorus clusters and structures with the breaking bonds are traced. The PP bonds are quantitatively described. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:572–578, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20279
Fluorinated benzazoles and benzazines
Authors: Nosova E. V. , Mochul'skaya N. N. , Kotovskaya S. K. , Lipunova G. N. , Charushin V. N. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractThe review surveys the recently obtained data on the synthesis of fluorinated benzazoles and benzazines. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 17:579–594, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20281
Desmoid tumor of the head and neck
Authors: Wang Cheng‐Ping , Chang Yih‐Leong , Ko Jenq‐Yuh , Cheng Chia‐Hsien , Yeh Chun‐Fong , Lou Pei‐Jen 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroud:Desmoid tumors are rare benign tumors but have a tendency toward local recurrence after resection because of their infiltrative growth and frequent entrapment of vital structures in the head and neck region. We report 24 desmoid tumors of the head and neck and propose a reasonable approach in the management of such cases.Methods:Twenty‐four patients (9 male and 15 female; median age, 33 years; range, 0–66 years) with a desmoid tumor of the head and neck (neck, 15 patients; head, 9 patients) treated from 1990 to 2004 were retrospectively analyzed. The size ranged from 0.5 to 13 cm in diameter (mean, 3.6 cm). In the neck, 8 tumors were around the superficial layer of deep cervical fascia, whereas 4 tumors of the neck involved the prevertebral fascia and 2 involved brachial plexus.Results:Twenty patients received complete resection of the tumor, but the section margin was positive in 8 patients, of which 6 patients remained free of disease in a period of 13 to 105 months. Three patients, including 2 with positive section margin and 1 with negative margin, developed recurrences, which were successfully removed again. Two patients underwent partial resection of the tumor because of brachial plexus involvement. One of them achieved regression after postoperative radiotherapy and the other had spontaneous regression. The hypopharygneal tumor in a newborn had spontaneously complete regression, and tracheostomy was closed at the age of 6 years. One patient remained with stable disease for 14 months after biopsy of the tumor without excision.Conclusion:The overall prognosis is still good despite frequent incomplete resection. Surgical resection of the tumor with close observation is suggested even if the section margin is positive. If a desmoid tumor cannot be removed grossly, regression or arrested growth of the remaining tumor is expected. Radiotherapy might be reserved for a growing tumor. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Direct fluorescence visualization of clinically occult high‐risk oral premalignant disease using a simple hand‐held device
Authors: Poh Catherine F. , Ng Samson P. , Williams P. Michele , Zhang Lewei , Laronde Denise M. , Lane Pierre , MacAulay Calum , Rosin Miriam P. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundA considerable proportion of oral cancer and precancer is not clinically apparent and could contribute significantly to the late diagnosis and high mortality of oral cancer. A simple method to identify such occult change is needed.MethodsPatients in the Oral Dysplasia Clinics at British Columbia are currently being examined with a simple hand‐held device that permits the direct visualization of alterations to autofluorescence in the oral cavity. Tissue showing loss of autofluorescence is biopsied.ResultsWe present 3 representative cases in which occult lesions were identified with fluorescence visualization during longitudinal follow‐up, resulting in the diagnosis of a primary dysplasia in case 1, a second primary cancer in case 2, and cancer recurrence in case 3.ConclusionsThis is the first report of the diagnosis of occult oral disease using a simple noninvasive device. These early examples indicate the potential value of this technology to guide the management of patients with oral lesions, facilitating the detection of high‐risk changes not apparent with white‐light visualization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Management of complicated head and neck wounds with vacuum‐assisted closure system
Authors: Andrews Brian T. , Smith Russell B. , Goldstein David P. , Funk Gerry F. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe vacuum‐assisted closure system (V.A.C.), or negative pressure dressings, has been successfully used to manage complex wounds of the torso and extremities, but its role in the head and neck region has not been frequently described.MethodsA retrospective study was performed. The V.A.C. system (Kinetic Concepts Inc., San Antonio, TX) was used at the University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics for management of complicated head and neck wounds.ResultsThe V.A.C. system was utilized at 13 sites for 12 patients. Nine subjects had exposed calvarium (4 had failed pedicled reconstructive flaps, 3 had ablative or Moh's defects, and 2 had traumatic scalping injuries) necessitating bony coverage. Three subjects had the V.A.C. system used as a bolster dressing placed over split‐thickness skin grafts (STSGs) used to reconstruct large defects of the face and skull, and 1 patient had a large soft tissue neck defect after radical surgical resection for necrotizing fascitis. One subject used the V.A.C. system for the management of 2 distinct wounds. All patients had successful healing of their wounds with the V.A.C. system without complication. All STSGs had 100% viability after 5 to 7 days of the V.A.C. system use as a bolster dressing.ConclusionThis study demonstrates the V.A.C. system is a valuable tool in the management of complicated head and neck wounds. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Implication of “Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule” in the hippocampal neurogenesis of ischemic monkeys
Authors: Yamashima Tetsumori , Popivanova Boryana K. , Guo Jianzhong , Kotani Susumu , Wakayama Tomohiko , Iseki Shoichi , Sawamoto Kazunobu , Okano Hideyuki , Fujii Chifumi , Mukaida Naofumi , Tonchev Anton B. 
Published: September 2006

AbstractMolecular signals regulating adult neurogenesis in primates are largely unknown. Here the authors used differential display to analyze gene expression changes that occur in dentate gyrus of adult monkeys after transient global cerebral ischemia. Among 14 genes upregulated, the authors focused on Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (DSCAM) known to play crucial role during neuronal development, and characterized its expression pattern at the protein level. In contrast with approximately threefold upregulation of Dscam gene on days 5 and 7, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence analyses using specific antibodies showed a gradual decrease of DSCAM after ischemia until day 9 followed by recovery on day 15. In the control, immunofluorescence reactivity of DSCAM was detected in dentate gyrus granule cells and CA4 neurons but decreased after ischemia, being compatible with the immunoblotting data. However, in the subgranular zone, cerebral ischemia led to a marked increase of DSCAM‐positive cells on days 9 and 15. DSCAM upregulation was seen in two cell types: one is immature neurons positive for polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule or βIII‐tubulin, while another is astrocytes positive for S100β. Young astrocytes were in intimate contact with newly generated neurons in the subgranular zone. These data suggest implication of DSCAM in the adult neurogenesis of primate hippocampus upregulated after ischemia. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigating the in vivo activity of the DeaD protein using protein–protein interactions and the translational activity of structured chloramphenicol acetyltransferase mRNAs
Authors: Butland Gareth , Krogan Nevan J. , Xu Jianhua , Yang Wen‐Hong , Aoki Hiroyuki , Li Joyce S. , Krogan Naden , Menendez Javier , Cagney Gerard , Kiani Gholam C. , Jessulat Mathew G. , Datta Nira , Ivanov Ivan , AbouHaidar Mounir G. , Emili Andrew , Greenblatt Jack , Ganoza M. Clelia , Golshani Ashkan 
Published: September 2006

AbstractHere, we report the use of an in vivo protein–protein interaction detection approach together with focused follow‐up experiments to study the function of the DeaD protein in Escherichia coli. In this method, functions are assigned to proteins based on the interactions they make with others in the living cell. The assigned functions are further confirmed using follow‐up experiments. The DeaD protein has been characterized in vitro as a putative prokaryotic factor required for the formation of translation initiation complexes on structured mRNAs. Although the RNA helicase activity of DeaD has been demonstrated in vitro, its in vivo activity remains controversial. Here, using a method called sequential peptide affinity (SPA) tagging, we show that DeaD interacts with certain ribosomal proteins as well as a series of other nucleic acid binding proteins. Focused follow‐up experiments provide evidence for the mRNA helicase activity of the DeaD protein complex during translation initiation. DeaD overexpression compensates for the reduction of the translation activity caused by a structure placed at the initiation region of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) used as a reporter. Deletion of the deaD gene, encoding DeaD, abolishes the translation activity of the mRNA with an inhibitory structure at its initiation region. Increasing the growth temperature disrupts RNA secondary structures and bypasses the DeaD requirement. These observations suggest that DeaD is involved in destabilizing mRNA structures during translation initiation. This study also provides further confirmation that large‐scale protein–protein interaction data can be suitable to study protein functions in E. coli. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 642–652, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.