bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Structural stability for a Brinkman fluid
Authors: Lin Changhao , Payne L. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper the authors investigate the structural stability of the Brinkman equations which describe the flow of a fluid containing a solute. A model proposed by Straughan and Hutter (Proc. Roy. Soc. London A 1999; 455:767–777) is employed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear SEM numerical analyses of dry dense sand specimens under rapid and dynamic loading
Authors: di Prisco C. , Stupazzini M. , Zambelli C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe paper mainly concerns the mechanical response of 2D dry dense sand specimens under shock loading. The problem is numerically analysed by means of a SEM dynamic code, within which an already conceived non‐local viscoplastic constitutive model characterized by a non‐associated flow rule and by an anisotropic strain hardening has been implemented. In particular the strain localization and time dependency of the material mechanical response are taken into consideration.Both rapid/static loading and dynamic histories are numerically simulated. In the first case, the time dependency of the material mechanical response can be captured by neglecting inertial effects, while in the second one the two factors are superimposed and the propagation of the stress waves within the specimen is discussed. The interest of these analyses derives from the fact that the diffusion phenomenon takes place within a specimen already localized. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Crack propagation criteria in the framework of X‐FEM‐based structural analyses
Authors: Dumstorff Peter , Meschke Günther 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe extended finite element method (X‐FEM) has proven to be capable of simulating cracking and crack propagation in quasi‐brittle materials, such as cement paste or concrete, without the need for re‐meshing. In the framework of the X‐FEM cracks are represented as surfaces of discontinuous displacements continuously propagating through finite elements. Since crack path continuity is required in X‐FEM‐based analyses, the reliability of numerical analyses of cracked structures crucially depends on the correct prediction of the crack path and, consequently, on the criterion used for the determination of the crack propagation direction. In this paper four different crack propagation criteria proposed in the literature are investigated including two local and two global criteria. The two local criteria include an averaged stress criterion and the maximum circumferential stress criterion based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics. The two global criteria include a global tracking criterion proposed by Oliver and Huespe (Online Proceedings of the Fifth World Congress on Computational Mechanics, 2002) and an energy based X‐FEM formulation recently proposed in (Computational Plasticity 2005. CIMNE: Barcelona, 2005; 565–568; Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng. 2006, in press). Representative numerical benchmark examples, characterized by mode‐I dominant fracture as well as by mixed‐mode fracture, are used to study the performance and the robustness of the different crack propagation criteria. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of results of a pilot study of alternating vincristine/doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide and etoposide/ifosfamide with IRS‐IV in intermediate risk rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Arndt Carola A.S. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Meyer William H. , Sencer Susan F. , Neglia Joseph P. , Anderson James R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBackgroundOver 50% of patients with rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) have intermediate risk disease, with a 3‐year failure‐free survival (FFS) of 50%–70% depending on histology. Doxorubicin is active against RMS, but its role in improving outcome remains controversial. Ifosfamide is as active as cyclophosphamide in RMS, with the Fourth Intergroup RMS Study (IRS‐IV) showing equivalent outcomes for patients treated with ifosfamide for the first 28 weeks compared to cyclophosphamide. Treatment with alternating cycles of non‐cross‐resistant chemotherapy has been used in a number of diseases with good results.ProcedureThe results of a pilot study utilizing alternating courses of vincristine, doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide/ifosfamide (VDC/IE) were compared for outcome and patient characteristics to a group of similar matched patients treated on IRS‐IV.ResultsThe 5‐year FFS for patients with parameningeal (PM) primaries on IRS‐IV and the VDC/IE study were 72% and 82%, respectively (P = 0.26); for patients with non‐PM primaries, the estimated risk of failure for VDC/IE study versus IRS‐IV was 0.54.Combining all disease sites and performing analysis for relative risk of failure for 46 VDC/IE patients and 342 IRS‐IV patients, the relative risk of failure for the VDC/IE study compared to the IRS‐IV study is 0.5 (P = 0.06).ConclusionsVDC/IE is as effective therapy for intermediate risk RMS as IRS‐IV therapy. It is being explored along with irinotecan in relapsed patients and newly diagnosed high‐risk patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:33–36. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis of copolymers containing a spiro orthocarbonate moiety and evaluation of the volume change during their cationic crosslinking
Authors: Kume Makoto , Maki Yuya , Ochiai Bungo , Endo Takeshi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSpiro orthocarbonate (SOC) monomers having either an exomethylene group {3,3‐dimethyl‐9‐methylene‐1,5,7,11‐tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (ExoSOC)} or an allyl group {9‐allyl‐3,3‐dimethyl‐1,5,7,11‐tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane (AllylSOC)} were radically copolymerized with vinyl monomers at several feed ratios to obtain the corresponding copolymers having SOC moieties in the side chain. The obtained copolymers were crosslinked via the double ring‐opening polymerization of the SOC moieties by a treatment with boron trifluoride etherate. The volume changes during the crosslinking of the copolymers were evaluated by density measurements with a gas pycnometer. As the SOC moiety composition increased, the volume shrinkage during the crosslinking was suppressed, and that finally changed into volume expansion. The volume changes during the crosslinking of the copolymers from AllylSOC were slightly larger than those of the copolymers from ExoSOC. The higher volume expansions in the crosslinking of AllylSOC‐based copolymers were ascribable to the lower steric hindrance around the SOC moieties. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 7040–7053, 2006
Ultrathin gradient films using thiol‐ene polymerizations
Authors: Khire Vaibhav S. , Benoit Danielle S. W. , Anseth Kristi S. , Bowman Christopher N. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe application of surface‐attached, thiol‐ene polymer films for controlling material properties in a gradient fashion across a surface was investigated. Thiol‐ene films were attached to the surface by first depositing a thiol‐terminated self‐assembled monolayer and performing a thiol‐ene photopolymerization reaction on the surface. Property gradients were created either by creating and modifying a gradient in the surface thiol density in the SAM or by changing the polymerization conditions or both. Film thickness was modified across the substrate by changing either the density of the anchoring thiol functional groups or by changing the reaction conditions such as exposure time. Thicker films (1–11 nm) were obtained by polymerizing acrylate polymer brushes from the surface with varying exposure time (0–60 s). The two factors, that is, the surface thiol density and the exposure time, were combined in orthogonal directions to obtain thiol‐ene films with a two‐dimensional thickness gradient with the maximum thickness being 4 nm. Finally, a thiol‐acrylate Michael type addition reaction was used to modify the surface thiol density gradient with the cell‐adhesive ligand, Arg‐Gly‐Asp‐Ser (RGDS), which subsequently yielded a gradient in osteoblast density on the surface. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 7027–7039, 2006
‘How I was then and how I am now’: current and retrospective self‐reports of anxiety and depression in Australian women with breast cancer
Authors: Sharpley Christopher F. , Christie David R. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn an attempt to overcome the potential invalidity of response shift present in pre‐test versus post‐test designs, 197 breast cancer patients completed self‐reports about their current anxiety and depression states about 2 years after diagnosis, and also for how they felt at the time of their diagnosis. Current and previous states of anxiety and depression, item analyses and factor analyses of these results, plus MANOVA across all items to test for changes over time (termed ‘actual change’ in the literature) were conducted. In addition, the combined anxiety and depression scores were analysed as a single unit to determine overlap of symptomatology and suggest possible treatments. As well as showing decreases in the proportion of participants who were experiencing clinically significant anxiety and depression from the time of diagnosis to the time of the survey, results indicated changes in the underlying anxiety symptomatology experienced by participants, moving from somatic complaints of fatigue to feelings of loss of control and inability to cope. The predominant symptomatology of depression remained consistently related to an inability to cope or make decisions, feelings of helplessness and loss. Suggestions for helping clinicians to deal with patients' symptomatology are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spin effects in quantum dots
Authors: Könemann J. , Winkler R. , Maude D. K. , Haug R. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSpin‐resolved single‐electron tunneling in GaAs/AlGaAs double‐barrier resonant tunneling structures is used to investigate the spin‐splitting of fully quantized electronic states. With the use of magneto‐tunneling spectroscopy we evaluated the Landé g ‐factor of GaAs quantum dots of different confinement strengths. We observe with increasing confinement a shift of the Landé‐factor from the bulk GaAs‐value towards positive values. Our results are compared to a multiband‐k·p‐calculation. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Inelastic light scattering by low‐lying excitations of electrons in low‐dimensional semiconductors
Authors: Pellegrini V. , Pinczuk A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe low‐dimensional electron systems that reside in artificial semiconductor heterostructures of great perfection are a contemporary materials base for explorations of collective phenomena. Studies of low‐lying elementary excitations by inelastic light scattering offer insights on properties such energetics, interactions and spin magnetization. We review here recent light scattering results obtained from two‐dimensional (2D) quantum fluids in semiconductor heterostructures under extreme conditions of low temperature and large magnetic field, where the quantum Hall phases are archetypes of novel behaviors. We also consider recent light scattering experiments that have probed the excitation spectra of few‐electron states in semiconductor quantum dots. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluating the impact of cannibalization on fleet performance
Authors: Salman Sinan , Cassady C. Richard , Pohl Edward A. , Ormon Stephen W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractOrganizations that utilize fleets of expensive repairable equipment are faced with numerous challenges related to the specification of maintenance policies and the allocation of maintenance resources. The associated maintenance decisions can have a drastic impact on fleet performance. Due to the significant acquisition costs associated with the components that comprise the units of equipment in the fleet, cannibalization is often used in the absence of available spare parts to enable fleet maintenance managers to satisfy fleet performance constraints such as readiness requirements. This research is focused on the development and analysis of a closed‐network, discrete‐event simulation model that is used to assess the impacts of cannibalization, small spare parts inventories and maintenance‐induced damage on a fleet of systems. Using numerical examples, we demonstrate the comparison between cannibalization and the investment in limited spare parts inventories. We evaluate fleet performance using average readiness and total maintenance cost. Specifically, we demonstrate that investments in spare parts inventories can reduce the need for and value of cannibalization. However, our results also support the use of cannibalization as a low‐cost alternative to investing in expensive spare parts. We also explore the impact of damage induced by maintenance on fleet performance. Specifically, we demonstrate that maintenance‐induced damage can reduce the benefit of cannibalization while drastically increasing maintenance expenditures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized confidence intervals for process capability indices
Authors: Mathew Thomas , Sebastian G. , Kurian K. M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe concept of generalized confidence intervals is used to derive lower confidence limits for some of the commonly used process capability indices. For the cases where approximate lower confidence limits are already available, numerical comparisons are made among the available approximations and the generalized lower confidence limit. The numerical results indicate that the generalized confidence interval does provide coverage probabilities very close to the nominal confidence level. Two examples are given to illustrate the results. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multivariate statistical process control charts: an overview
Authors: Bersimis S. , Psarakis S. , Panaretos J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn this paper we discuss the basic procedures for the implementation of multivariate statistical process control via control charting. Furthermore, we review multivariate extensions for all kinds of univariate control charts, such as multivariate Shewhart‐type control charts, multivariate CUSUM control charts and multivariate EWMA control charts. In addition, we review unique procedures for the construction of multivariate control charts, based on multivariate statistical techniques such as principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least squares (PLS). Finally, we describe the most significant methods for the interpretation of an out‐of‐control signal. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A partition experimental design for a sequential process with a large number of variables
Authors: Perry Leonard A. , Montgomery Douglas C. , Fowler John W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStatistically designed experiments provide a systematic approach to study and analyze the effects of multiple factors on process performance. In order to improve the performance across an organization, one must investigate multiple processes from supplier to customer. Partition experimental designs provide a design to model several sequential processes simultaneously. The partition design provides the investigator with an efficient design where potential cost and time constraints exist. That is, partition designs are applicable when runs are costly and a large number of variables exist in the serial process. In this paper, we present the application of partition designs using 10 factors in a simulated case study. The design and analysis procedures are discussed, as well as the benefits. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A statistical monitoring approach for automotive on‐board diagnostic systems
Authors: Barone Stefano , D'Ambrosio Paolo , Erto Pasquale 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe current generation of vehicle models are increasingly being equipped with on‐board diagnostic (OBD) systems aimed at assessing the ‘state of health’ of important anti‐pollution subsystems and components. In order to promptly diagnose and fix quality and reliability problems that may potentially affect such complex diagnostic systems, even during advanced development prior to mass production, some vehicle prototypes undergo a testing phase under realistic conditions of use (a mileage accumulation campaign). The aim of this work is to set up a statistical tool for improving the reliability of the OBD system by monitoring its operation during the mileage accumulation campaign of a new vehicle model. A dedicated software program was developed by the authors to filter the large experimental database recorded during the mileage accumulation campaign and to extract the time series of the diagnostic indices to be analysed. A model‐based monitoring approach, using continuous time autoregressive (CAR) models for the time‐series structure and traditional control charts for the estimated residuals, is adopted. A Kalman recursion procedure for the estimation of the unknown CAR model parameters is described. An application of the proposed approach is presented for a diagnostic index related to the state of health of the oxygen sensor. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High breakdown estimation methods for Phase I multivariate control charts
Authors: Jensen Willis A. , Birch Jeffrey B. , Woodall William H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA goal of Phase I analysis of multivariate data is to identify multivariate outliers and step changes so that the Phase II estimated control limits are sufficiently accurate. High breakdown estimation methods based on the minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) or the minimum covariance determinant (MCD) are well suited for detecting multivariate outliers in data. As a result of the inherent difficulties in their computation, many algorithms have been proposed to detect multivariate outliers. Due to their availability in standard software packages, we consider the subsampling algorithm to obtain the MVE estimators and the FAST‐MCD algorithm to obtain the MCD estimators. Previous studies have not clearly determined which of these two available estimation methods is best for control chart applications. The comprehensive simulation study presented in this paper gives guidance for the correct use of each estimator. Control limits are provided. High breakdown estimation methods based on the MCD and MVE approaches can be applied to a wide variety of multivariate quality control data. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of split‐plot designs: an overview and comparison of methods
Authors: Næs T. , Aastveit A. H. , Sahni N. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSplit‐plot designs are frequently needed in practice because of practical limitations and issues related to cost. This imposes extra challenges on the experimenter, both when designing the experiment and when analysing the data, in particular for non‐replicated cases. This paper is an overview and discussion of some of the most important methods for analysing split‐plot data. The focus is on estimation, testing and model validation. Two examples from an industrial context are given to illustrate the most important techniques. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An adaptive chart for monitoring the process mean and variance
Authors: Costa Antonio F. B. , De Magalhães Maysa S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTraditionally, an $\bar{X}$ chart is used to control the process mean and an R chart is used to control the process variance. However, these charts are not sensitive to small changes in the process parameters. The adaptive $\bar{X}$ and R charts might be considered if the aim is to detect small disturbances. Due to the statistical character of the joint $\bar{X}$ and R charts with fixed or adaptive parameters, they are not reliable in identifying the nature of the disturbance, whether it is one that shifts the process mean, increases the process variance, or leads to a combination of both effects. In practice, the speed with which the control charts detect process changes may be more important than their ability in identifying the nature of the change. Under these circumstances, it seems to be advantageous to consider a single chart, based on only one statistic, to simultaneously monitor the process mean and variance. In this paper, we propose the adaptive non‐central chi‐square statistic chart. This new chart is more effective than the adaptive $\bar{X}$ and R charts in detecting disturbances that shift the process mean, increase the process variance, or lead to a combination of both effects. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct structural assignment of neutral and sialylated N‐glycans of glycopeptides using collision‐induced dissociation MSn spectral matching
Authors: Ito Hiroki , Takegawa Yasuhiro , Deguchi Kisaburo , Nagai Shinji , Nakagawa Hiroaki , Shinohara Yasuro , Nishimura Shin‐Ichiro 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMass spectrometric analyses of various N‐glycans binding to proteins and peptides are highly desirable for elucidating their biological roles. An approach based on collision‐induced dissociation (CID) MSn spectra acquired by electrospray ionization linear ion trap time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (ESI‐LIT‐TOFMS) in the positive‐ and negative‐ion modes has been proposed as a direct method of assigning N‐glycans without releasing them from N‐glycopeptides. In the positive‐ion mode of this approach, the MS2 spectrum of N‐glycopeptide was acquired so that a glycoside‐bond cleavage occurs in the chitobiose residue (i.e., GlcNAcβ1‐4GlcNAc, GlcNAc: N‐acetylglucosamine) attached to asparagine (N), and two charges on the [M+H+Na]2+ precursor ion are shared with both of the resulting fragments. These fragments are sodiated Bn‐type fragment ions of oligosaccharide (N‐glycan) and a protonated peptide ion retaining one GlcNAc residue on the asparagine (N) residue. The structure of N‐glycan was assigned by comparing MS3 spectra derived from both the sodiated Bn‐type fragment ions of N‐glycopeptide and the PA (2‐aminopyridine) N‐glycan standard (i.e., MSn spectral matching). In a similar manner, the structural assignment of sialylated N‐glycan was performed by employing the negative‐ion CID MSn spectra of deprotonated Bn‐type fragment ions of N‐glycopeptide and the PA N‐glycan standard. The efficacy of this approach was tested with chicken egg yolk glycopeptides with a neutral and a sialylated N‐glycan, and human serum IgG glycopeptides with neutral N‐glycan isomers. These results suggest that the approach based on MSn spectral matching is useful for the direct and simple structural assignment of neutral and sialylated N‐glycans of glycopeptides. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computer‐assisted interpretation of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra of triacylglycerols
Authors: Cvačka Josef , Krafková Edita , Jiroš Pavel , Valterová Irena 
Published: November 2006

AbstractCurrent lipidomics approaches require simple and rapid algorithms enabling the interpretation of mass spectra of lipids. Most lipids are complex mixtures of related components in which the composition of the aliphatic fatty acid chains varies from one molecule to the next. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are an example of such a lipid class. Fatty acid chains are the only parts of the molecule to change from one species to another. Fatty acids, and consequently also TAGs, can be characterized by two parameters; the number of carbon atoms and the number of double bonds. All calculations reflecting relations among ions in the spectra can be easily made using these parameters. An algorithm for the automated interpretation of TAGs from atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectra (TriglyAPCI) is presented in this paper. The algorithm first identifies diacylglycerol fragments and molecular adducts. In the next step, relations among the ions are searched and possible TAG structures are suggested. Individual features of the algorithm are described in detail and the software performance is demonstrated for the liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric (LC/MS) analysis of TAGs isolated from the termite Prorhinotermes canalifrons. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.