bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Wnt pathway, an essential role in bone regeneration
Authors: Chen Yan , Alman Benjamin A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFracture repair is a complex regenerative process initiated in response to injury, resulting in optimal restoration of skeletal function. Although histology characteristics at various phases of fracture repair are clear and well established, much remains to be understood about the process of bone healing, particularly at the molecular signaling level. During the past decade, secreted signaling molecules of the Wnt family have been widely investigated and found to play a central role in controlling embryonic development processes. Wnt signaling pathway also plays a pivotal role in the regulation of bone mass. Recent published data reveal that Wnt signaling pathway is activated during postnatal bone regenerative events, such as ectopic endochondral bone formation and fracture repair. Dysregulation of this pathway greatly inhibits bone formation and healing process. Interestingly, activation of Wnt pathway has potential to improve bone healing, but only utilized after mesenchymal cells have become committed to the osteoblast lineage. These advances suggest an essential role of Wnt pathway in bone regeneration. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 353–362, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
KCTD10 interacts with proliferating cell nuclear antigen and its down‐regulation could inhibit cell proliferation
Authors: Wang Yibo , Zheng Yi , Luo Fang , Fan Xiaohan , Chen Jinxing , Zhang Channa , Hui Rutai 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA novel gene (GenBank accession No. AF113208) named KCTD10 (potassium channel tetramerisation domain‐containing 10) was cloned from our 5300 EST database of human aorta cDNA library. Computational analysis showed that KCTD10 cDNA is 2,638 bp long, encoding 313 amino acids with a proliferating cell nuclear antigen binding motif, mapped to chromosome 12q24.11 with 7 exons, ubiquitously expressed in all 12 tested normal tissues and 7 of 8 tested tumor cell lines from MTN membranes by Northern blot. Nuclear localization of KCTD10 was observed in A549 cells. Yeast two‐hybrid analysis and immunoprecipitation assay showed that KCTD10 can interact with PCNA. In A549 cells, KCTD10 down‐regulation could inhibit cell proliferation, but its over‐expression could not influence cell proliferation. The results suggest that KCTD10 may be associated with DNA synthesis and cell proliferation. J. Cell. Biochem. 106: 409–413, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In situ observation of oxidation of liquid droplets of tin and melting behavior of a tin particle covered with a tin oxide layer
Authors: Mima Takayuki , Takeuchi Hironori , Arai Shigeo , Kishita Keisuke , Kuroda Kotaro , Saka Hiroyasu 
Published: January 2009

AbstractOxidation of a liquid droplet of tin (Sn) was observed using an in situ specimen heating holder in an oxygen environment. The surface of the Sn liquid droplet was covered with a tin oxide layer, Sn3O4, the thickness of which depended on the oxygen pressure and temperature. Subsequent cooling of the droplet resulted in the formation of a solid Sn particle covered with a Sn3O4 layer. The solid Sn particle was then heated above the melting temperature of Sn, and the melting behavior of Sn was observed. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The Hall–Petch law investigated by means of in situ straining experiments in lamellar TiAl and deformed Al
Authors: Caillard Daniel , Couret Alain 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDislocation‐boundary interactions are studied in TiAl and Al by means of in situ straining experiments in transmission electron microscopes (TEM). The results in TiAl allow us to measure the strength of domain boundaries against the motion of ordinary dislocations and twins. The results in Al are used to analyze the interaction between dislocations and cell walls. Parameters involved in the Hall‐Petch law are then deduced from these observations. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dental lamina as source of odontogenic stem cells: evolutionary origins and developmental control of tooth generation in gnathostomes
Authors: Smith Moya M. , Fraser Gareth J. , Mitsiadis Thimios A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study considers stem cells for odontogenic capability in biological tooth renewal in the broad context of gnathostome dentitions and the derivation of them from oral epithelium. The location of the developmental site and cell dynamics of the dental lamina are parameters of a possible source for odontogenic epithelial stem cells, but the phylogenetic history is not known. Understanding the phylogenetic basis for stem cell origins throughout continuous tooth renewal in basal jawed vertebrates is the ultimate objective of this study. The key to understanding the origin and location of stem cells in the development of the dentition is sequestration of stem cells locally for programmed tooth renewal. We suggest not only the initial pattern differences in each dentate field but local control subsequently for tooth renewal within each family. The role of the specialized odontogenic epithelium (odontogenic band) is considered as that in which the stem cells reside and become partitioned. These regulate time, position and shape in sequential tooth production. New histological data for chondrichthyan fish show first a thickening of the oral epithelium (odontogenic band). After this, all primary and successive teeth are only generated deep to the oral epithelium from a dental lamina. In contrast, in osteichthyan fish the first teeth develop directly within the odontogenic band. In addition, successors are initiated at each tooth site in the predecessor tooth germ (without a dental lamina). We suggest that stem cells specified for each tooth family are set up and located in intermediate cells between the outer and inner dental epithelia.J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 312B:260–280, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Myelin‐associated glycoprotein and its axonal receptors
Authors: Schnaar Ronald L. , Lopez Pablo H.H. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMyelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG) is expressed on the innermost myelin membrane wrap, directly apposed to the axon surface. Although it is not required for myelination, MAG enhances long‐term axon–myelin stability, helps to structure nodes of Ranvier, and regulates the axon cytoskeleton. In addition to its role in axon–myelin stabilization, MAG inhibits axon regeneration after injury; MAG and a discrete set of other molecules on residual myelin membranes at injury sites actively signal axons to halt elongation. Both the stabilizing and the axon outgrowth inhibitory effects of MAG are mediated by complementary MAG receptors on the axon surface. Two MAG receptor families have been described, sialoglycans (specifically gangliosides GD1a and GT1b) and Nogo receptors (NgRs). Controversies remain about which receptor(s) mediates which of MAG's biological effects. Here we review the findings and challenges in associating MAG's biological effects with specific receptors. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Regulation of dendrite growth by the Cdc42 activator Zizimin1/Dock9 in hippocampal neurons
Authors: Kuramoto Kazuya , Negishi Manabu , Katoh Hironori 
Published: January 2009

AbstractRho family small GTPases are key regulators of morphological changes in neurons. Cdc42, one of the most characterized members of the Rho family of proteins, is involved in axon and dendrite outgrowth through cytoskeletal reorganization. Recent studies have identified Zizimin1, a member of the Dock180‐related family of proteins [also called CDM (Ced‐5/Dock180/Myoblast city)–zizimin homology (CZH) proteins], as a specific guanine‐nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42. However, the physiological function of Zizimin1 is totally unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Zizimin1 in dendrite development in rat hippocampal neurons. In situ hybridization and Western blot analysis showed that Zizimin1 is strongly expressed in the developing brain including in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in late developmental stages. Overexpression of wild‐type Zizimin1 promoted dendrite growth, whereas knockdown of Zizimin1 by short hairpin RNA or expression of a mutant Zizimin1 lacking Cdc42 GEF activity suppressed dendrite growth in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons. Both the N‐terminal CZH1 domain, which is conserved among CZH proteins, and the Pleckstrin homology domain of Zizimin1 are involved in membrane localization, Cdc42 activation, and regulation of dendrite growth. Thus, these results suggest that Zizimin1 plays an important role in dendrite growth in hippocampal neurons through activation of Cdc42. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conjugated linoleic acid isomer concentrations in milk from high‐ and low‐input management dairy systems
Authors: Butler Gillian , Collomb Marius , Rehberger Brita , Sanderson Roy , Eyre Mick , Leifert Carlo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Different conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers are known to have contrasting physiology or health effects and there is growing evidence that the profile of natural isomers in milk is influenced by the production system. This survey is the first to compare feeding regimes and concentrations of 14 CLA isomers in milk from three production systems in the UK.RESULTS: Total CLA and seven isomers (including C18:2 c9t11 which comprised > 80% of total) were significantly higher in milk from both organically certified and non‐certified low input (LI) systems compared with milk from conventional high input farms. Sampling date also affected concentrations of total CLA and nine isomers; being lowest in March and highest in August. Seasonal differences were greater in milk from LI herds, thought to be due to changes in herbage and/or stage of lactation. Multivariate analysis showed a strong positive relationship between several CLA isomers and increasing levels of fresh forage in the diet.CONCLUSIONS: These results add to the evidence on how management adjustment may improve the profile of CLA isomers in milk fat, although animal or human intervention studies are required to identify the effects of consuming milk with different CLA levels and isomer profiles on human health. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
Rapid simultaneous determination of codeine and morphine in plasma using LC‐ESI‐MS/MS: Application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Liao Qiongfeng , Deng Yating , Xie Zhiyong , Pan Biyan , Zhang Lei 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA rapid and sensitive high‐performance LC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of codeine and its metabolite morphine in human plasma using donepezil as an internal standard (IS). Following a single liquid‐liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, the analytes were separated using an isocratic mobile phase on a C18 column and analyzed by MS/MS in the selected reaction monitoring mode using the respective [M+H]+ ions, mass‐to‐charge ratio (m/z) 300/165 for codeine, m/z 286/165 for morphine and m/z 380/91 for IS. The method exhibited a linear dynamic range of 0.2–100/0.5–250 ng/mL for codeine/morphine in human plasma, respectively. The lower LOQs were 0.2 and 0.5 ng/mL for codeine and its metabolite morphine using 0.5 mL of human plasma. Acceptable precision and accuracy were obtained for concentrations over the standard curve range. A run time of 2.0 min for each sample made it possible to analyze more than 300 human plasma samples per day. The validated LC‐MS/MS method was applied to a pharmacokinetic study in which healthy Chinese volunteers each received a single oral dose of 30 mg codeine phosphate.
Constraints to farmers managing dryland salinity in the central wheatbelt of Western Australia
Authors: Robertson M. J. , Kingwell R. , Measham T. G. , O'Connor M. , Batchelor G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere is an increasingly well‐founded understanding of the chief drivers and constraints to widespread adoption by Australian landholders to practices to manage dryland salinity. However, each specific situation depends on a range of biophysical, social and economic factors. Such is the case in this study that examines farmers' salinity management in the Wallatin‐O'Brien catchments in the low‐medium rainfall zone of the Western Australian wheatbelt. The study involved interviews with landholders and economic modelling of representative farms and salinity management options to gain an understanding of the farmers' adoption behaviour regarding salinity management.Most landholders interviewed saw dryland salinity as a second order farm management issue, due first to the relatively slow rate of expansion of saline land within the catchments and second, because the changes in land use required to prevent further loss of land to salinity were viewed as being uneconomic. The exception to this was the minority (<15 per cent) of farmers in the catchment that have most of the saline land and have experienced most of the recent increase, and for these farmers (primarily located in the valley floor) salinity is a pressing issue. The scale and pattern of isolated outbreaks on adjacent slopes means that salinity is merely a nuisance problem for farmers who only have this type of salinity. For all farmers, a disincentive to invest in salinity management was the landholders' lack of knowledge about the proper placement, needed scale of adoption and economic viability of salinity management options.Saltland pastures, surface water management and lucerne were viewed positively, with several desirable characteristics such as ease of trialling and complementarity to existing farm practices. By contrast, engineering options such as deep drainage, where considerable investment is involved and disposal of groundwater is problematic, were rated less favourably. Bioeconomic modelling of these salinity management options generated results that largely confirmed the merits of what landholders in the catchments currently do. The findings showed that there was little economic merit in wide‐scale adoption of these salinity management options in these catchments. However, the findings did highlight the need to match salinity management options to a farm's particular circumstance, if best use of the options is to be made by the different farms in the catchments. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Micro‐structured integrated electro‐optic LiNbO3modulators
Authors: Janner D. , Tulli D. , García‐Granda M. , Belmonte M. , Pruneri V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this paper, we will review the state‐of‐the‐art of LiNbO3based integrated electro‐optic modulators and will show how micro‐structuring techniques such as etching, domain inversion and thin film processing can be used to realize new configurations which can take the performance to unprecedented levels. In particular, we will review recent results on the use of domain inversion on a micron scale and we report on the fabrication of a chirp‐free modulator having ∼ 2 V switching voltage and bandwidth of 15 GHz designed by placing the waveguide arms of the Mach‐Zehnder interferometer in opposite domain oriented regions. We also review some of the new modulation formats (e.g. DQPSK) that can represent an application development of the presented micro‐structured devices. Finally, we address the issue of the integration of the modulator chip in a transmitter board comprising tunable laser, bias‐control electronics and RF driver. The requirements of integration can even push further the reduction in size of modulator chips, thus making more crucial the use of micro‐ and nano‐structuring techniques.
Experimental model for creep groan analysis
Authors: Fuadi Z. , Adachi K. , Ikeda H. , Naito H. , Kato K. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA simple experimental model for a fundamental investigation of creep groan generating mechanism is introduced. It is a calliper slider model that is developed based on the operating principle of a real brake system and has the ability to generate creep groan quantitatively comparable to those recorded on the real brake system. The advantage of the model is that it is possible to take into account many parameters, such as surface roughness of mating materials, properties of mating materials and structure's stiffness, so that their effects for creep groan phenomenon can be analysed. The usefulness and potential of the model are demonstrated by its ability to generate creep groan using a real brake lining material that is well known to the brake industry as a material that easily produces creep groan in real applications. Parametric analysis is conducted, and the effects of several sensitive parameters to stick‐slip frequency characteristic of creep groan are highlighted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Uracil as Nucleating Agent for Bacterial Poly[(3‐Hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)] Copolymers
Authors: Pan Pengju , Liang Zhichao , Nakamura Nobuo , Miyagawa Toshio , Inoue Yoshio 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn this study, uracil has been introduced as the nucleating agent (NA) for bacterially synthesized poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyhexanoate)] (PHBHHx) copolymers with HHx content of 5, 10, 18 mol‐%, and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) homopolymer for the first time. Its effect was compared with the conventional NA of PHB, that is, boron nitride (BN), and two other naturally occurring pyrimidine derivatives, i.e., thymine and cytosine. The effects of uracil on the crystallization kinetics, melting behavior, spherulite morphology, and crystalline structure of PHBHHx and PHB were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized optical microscopy (POM), and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD). Uracil and BN exhibit the comparable nucleation efficiency on the crystallization of PHB, whereas uracil shows much more effective nucleation ability than BN for PHBHHx copolymers. With incorporation of 1 wt.‐% uracil, PHBHHx with 0–10 mol‐% HHx units can finish crystallization upon cooling at 10 °C · min−1. The crystallization half‐times (t1/2) of all the PHB and PHBHHx samples decrease significantly with presence of uracil. The crystallization rate of polymers further enhances with increase in uracil concentration. With addition of 1 wt.‐% uracil, the t1/2 value of PHBHHx with 10 mol‐% HHx units melt‐crystallizing at 80 °C decreases to ≈4.0% of the neat polymer, and the nucleation density increases by 3–4 orders of magnitude. The incorporation of uracil has no discernable effect on the crystalline structure of PHBHHx, as evidenced by WAXD results. It was proposed that the nucleation mechanism of the uracil/PHBHHx (or PHB) system might be the epitaxial nucleation.magnified image
Preservation theorems for Kripke models
Authors: Moniri Morteza , Zaare Mostafa 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere are several ways for defining the notion submodel for Kripke models of intuitionistic first‐order logic. In our approach a Kripke model A is a submodel of a Kripke model B if they have the same frame and for each two corresponding worlds Aα and Bα of them, Aα is a subset of Bα and forcing of atomic formulas with parameters in the smaller one, in A and B, are the same. In this case, B is called an extension of A. We characterize theories that are preserved under taking submodels and also those that are preserved under taking extensions as universal and existential theories, respectively. We also study the notion elementary submodel defined in the same style and give some results concerning this notion. In particular, we prove that the relation between each two corresponding worlds of finite Kripke models A ≤ B is elementary extension (in the classical sense) (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Factorization in the extended Selberg class of L ‐functions associated with holomorphic modular forms
Authors: Molteni G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractLet N ∈ ℕ and let χ be a Dirichlet character modulo N. Let f be a modular form with respect to the group Γ0(N), multiplier χ and weight k. Let F be the L ‐function associated with f and normalized in such a way that F (s) satisfies a functional equation where s reflects in 1 – s. The modular forms f for which F belongs to the extended Selberg class S# are characterized. For these forms the factorization of F in primitive elements of S# is enquired. In particular, it is proved that if f is a cusp form and F ∈ S# then F is almost primitive (i.e., that if F = PG is a factorization with P, G ∈ S# and the degree of P is < 2 then P is a Dirichlet polynomial). It is also proved that the conductor of the polynomial factor P is bounded by N. If f belongs to the space generated by newforms and N ≤ 4 then F is actually primitive (i.e., P is a constant) (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On tame pairs of Fréchet spaces
Authors: Piszczek Krzysztof 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWe characterize tame pairs (X, Y) of Fréchet spaces where either X or Y is a power series space. For power series spaces of finite type, we get the well‐known conditions of (DN)‐(Ω) type. On the other hand, for power series spaces of infinite type, surprisingly, tameness implies boundedness of every linear and continuous operator. Next, we prove that every tame Fréchet space is quasi‐normable. This result extends earlier result of the author valid only for Köthe sequence spaces (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A family of generalized Nörlund methods and related power series methods applied to double sequences
Authors: Stadtmüller Ulrich , Tali Anne 
Published: January 2009

AbstractInclusion, convexity and Tauberian theorems are proved for certain generalized Nörlund methods and power series methods applied to double sequences. Families of summability methods are developed which form a hierarchy of methods and can be used to connect matrix and power series methods. This extends various results proved in the papers [15], [9], [17] and [14] for generalized Nörlund summmability methods and power series methods applied to ordinary sequences (sn) to summability of double sequences (smn) in the sense of bounded Pringsheim convergence. As examples some special methods like Cesàro methods and extensions as generalized Cesàro methods and quasi Cesàro methods are considered (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
pH Responsive Polymeric Brush Nanostructures: Preparation and Characterization by Scanning Probe Oxidation and Surface Initiated Polymerization
Authors: Benetti Edmondo M. , Chung Hong Jing , Vancso G. Julius 
Published: January 2009

AbstractpH‐responsive PHEMA‐based polymeric nanostructures were grown in a controlled manner by ATRP‐based surface‐initiated polymerization. Initiator nanopatterns were obtained on silicon wafers covered with OTS resists made by AFM scanning probe oxidation lithography. AFM images confirmed isolated grafting of stimuli‐responsive hedge and dot brush structures exhibiting dimensions corresponding to a few tens of chains.magnified image
A Facile Strategy for the Preparation of Azide Polymers via Room Temperature RAFT Polymerization by Redox Initiation
Authors: Li Guang , Zheng Haiting , Bai Ruke 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA new vinyl aryl azide monomer, 4‐azidophenyl methacrylate (APM), has been synthesized and characterized by 1H NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy. The thermal stability of APM has been investigated by temperature‐dependent FT‐IR spectroscopy and 1H NMR, and the monomer has been demonstrated to be quite stable at ambient temperature. Reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) homopolymerization and copolymerizations of APM with methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, and styrene have been carried out at room temperature using a redox initiator, benzoyl peroxide (BPO)/N,N‐dimethylaniline (DMA). The results show that the polymerizations bear all the characteristics of controlled/living free‐radical polymerizations. Moreover, the cycloaddition of azido group to carbon–carbon double bond can be avoided in the polymerization process at room temperature.magnified image