bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Late Quaternary palaeolakes, rivers, and wetlands on the Bolivian Altiplano and their palaeoclimatic implications
Authors: Rigsby Catherine A. , Bradbury J. Platt , Baker Paul A. , Rollins Stephanie M. , Warren Michelle R. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractDrill cores of sediments from the Rio Desaguadero valley, Bolivia, provide new information about the climate of tropical South America over the past 50 000 years. The modern Rio Desaguadero is fed by Lake Titicaca overflow (and by local tributaries) in the wetter northern Altiplano and discharges into Lake Poopo in the more arid central Altiplano. During the late Quaternary the Rio Desaguadero valley was the site of several generations of palaeolakes and wetlands that formed during periods of increased precipitation and local runoff, augmented by increased overflow from Lake Titicaca. Sediments recovered by drilling in eight localities along the 390‐km long valley of the Rio Desaguadero yield a regional history of lacustrine sedimentation and effective precipitation. Lacustrine strata in the drill cores record 12 distinct wet periods in the past 50 000 years. Four of these wet periods resulted in the formation of major palaeolakes in the Rio Desaguadero valley: during the last glacial maximum from before 20 000 to 16 000 cal. yr BP, during the late glacial from about 14 000 to 12 000 cal. yr BP, in the early Holocene from about 10 000 to 7900 cal. yr BP, and in the late Holocene from 4500 cal. yr BP to present. The period that appears to have been most arid was between 7900 and 4500 cal. yr BP. The Altiplano wet periods were generally synchronous with North Atlantic cold events (respectively, the last glacial maximum, the Younger Dryas, the 8200 cal. yr BP event, and the Neoglacial) implying a relationship between past precipitation variability in tropical South America and North Atlantic sea‐surface temperature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The age and extent of tropical alpine glaciation in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru
Authors: Farber Daniel L. , Hancock Gregory S. , Finkel Robert C. , Rodbell Donald T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBased on new 10Be data for moraines in the Cordillera Blanca of central Peru, we have calculated model ages of three sets of Pleistocene glacial moraines. In order of decreasing age, these are the Cojup, Rurec and Laguna Baja moraines. The oldest moraines occur at the lowest elevations and yield dates of >400 ka pre‐dating the last interglacial and demonstrating that maximum ice volumes occurred during previous glacial periods, and not at the end of the last glacial. Our new data from the younger moraines indicate that the end of the last glacial cycle comprised two separate advances at ca. 29 ka and ca. 16.5 ka, each reflecting significant (>4°C) tropical of cooling at 10° S. These data combined with published records from the Laurentide ice sheet, indicate that climate instabilities associated with the close of the last glacial were likely global and synchronous in nature. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mango ripening: changes in cell wall constituents in relation to textural softening
Authors: Yashoda Hosakote M , Prabha Tyakal N , Tharanathan Rudrapatnam N 
Published: December 2005

AbstractRipening of mango (Mangifera indica L., cv. Alphonso) fruit is characterized by a series of biochemical changes resulting in gradual textural softening. From unripe to ripe stage, the starch content came down from 18% to 0.1%; pectin from 1.9% to 0.5%; cellulose from 2% to 0.9% and hemicelluloses from 0.8% to 0.2%. Concomitantly, the total soluble solids increased from 7% to 20%, total soluble sugars from 1% to 15% and pH increased from 2.8 to 5.1. The increase in activity of several of the carbohydrate‐degrading enzymes, which resulted in solubilization of the various polysaccharide fractions, correlated with fruit‐softening phenomenon. Efficient distribution of 14C‐starch into glucose, fructose and sucrose revealed considerable sugar interconversions indicating active gluconeogenesis during mango fruit ripening. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Gene expression profiling reveals intrinsic differences between T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma
Authors: Raetz Elizabeth A. , Perkins Sherrie L. , Bhojwani Deepa , Smock Kristi , Philip Mary , Carroll William L. , Min Dong‐Joon 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundT‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) and T‐cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T‐LL) and are often thought to represent a spectrum of a single disease. The malignant cells in T‐ALL and T‐LL are morphologically indistinguishable, and they share the expression of common cell surface antigens and cytogenetic characteristics. However, despite these similarities, differences in the clinical behavior of T‐ALL and T‐LL are observed.ProcedureWe analyzed the gene expression profiles of T‐ALL and T‐LL samples obtained from Children's Oncology Group (COG) tumor banks using DNA arrays. Immunohistochemistry was also performed to validate the expression of selected targets.ResultsUnsupervised hierarchical clustering of all samples showed complete segregation of T‐ALL and T‐LL into distinct clusters. Next, we identified the top 201 genes that best differentiated T‐ALL from T‐LL using significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), a supervised statistical approach. Genes representing several functional groups were differentially expressed in T‐LL and T‐ALL. Prediction analysis of microarrays (PAM) identified a subset of genes, which accurately classified all 19 T‐ALL and T‐LL samples with an overall misclassification error rate of 0. Immunohistochemical validation of protein expression of selected genes identified by microarray analysis confirmed overexpression of MLL‐1 in T‐LL tumor cells compared to T‐ALL and CD47 in T‐ALL tumors cells when compared to T‐LL.ConclusionsDespite significant similarities between the malignant T‐cell precursors, clear differences in the gene expression profiles were observed between T‐ALL and T‐LL implying underlying differences in the biology of the two entities. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High serum values of soluble CD154, IL‐2 receptor, RANKL and osteoprotegerin in Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Ishii Rumiko , Morimoto Akira , Ikushima Satoshi , Sugimoto Tohru , Asami Keiko , Bessho Fumio , Kudo Kazuko , Tsunematu Yukiko , Fujimoto Junichiro , Imashuku Shinsaku 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundTo determine useful biochemical markers in Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), we analyzed the serum levels of soluble CD154 (sCD154), IL2 receptor (sIL2‐R), receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (sRANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG).ProcedureOur study included 46 newly diagnosed LCH patients (single‐system multi‐site (SM type): n = 20, and multi‐system multi‐site (MM type): n = 26) who were treated with the JLSG‐02 protocol between 2002 and 2004. The median age of the patients was 3.8 years old (range 0–18). sCD154, sIL2‐R, sRANKL, and OPG were measured by ELISA at diagnosis (n = 46) and after 6‐weeks of induction therapy (n = 14).ResultsThe values of sCD154, sIL‐2R, sRANKL, and OPG, and the sRANKL/OPG ratio in sera were significantly higher in patients with LCH compared with controls (1.83 ± 1.38 vs. 0.22 ± 0.16 ng/ml, P < 0.001; 1,600 ± 1,060 vs. 420 ± 160 pg/ml, P < 0.001; 1.72 ± 1.20 vs. 1.04 ± 1.09 pmol/L, P = 0.019; 6.34 ± 2.94 vs. 3.71 ± 2.03 pmol/L, P < 0.001; and 0.40 ± 0.45 vs. 0.16 ± 0.17, P = 0.023, respectively). Serum levels of sIL‐2R were significantly elevated in the MM type compared with the SM type (2,050 ± 1,060 vs. 870 ± 340 pg/ml, P < 0.001). Serum OPG levels were also significantly elevated in the MM type compared with the SM type (7.58 ± 2.72 vs. 5.13 ± 2.69 pmol/L, P = 0.008) and negatively correlated with the number of bone lesions (r = −0.56, P = 0.007). In contrast, the sRANKL/OPG ratios were significantly higher in the SM type than the MM type (0.57 ± 0.54 vs. 0.19 ± 0.14, P = 0.002) and positively correlated with the number of bone lesions (r = 0.34, P = 0.040). In patients who responded to the induction therapy, serum levels of sIL‐2R, sRANKL, and OPG, and the sRANKL/OPG ratio decreased significantly after the therapy (1,170 ± 600 vs. 730 ± 290 pg/ml, P = 0.029; 2.19 ± 1.06 vs. 1.24 ± 0.66 pmol/L, P < 0.001; 6.13 ± 2.40 vs. 4.72 ± 2.03 pmol/L, P = 0.040; and 0.57 ± 0.52 vs. 0.41 ± 0.37, P = 0.02, respectively). In the three patients who did not respond to the induction therapy, the serum levels of sCD154 increased significantly after the therapy (1.3 ± 1.1 vs. 2.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.004).ConclusionsSerum levels of sIL‐2R and sCD154 could be useful as indicators of inflammation and sRANKL/OPG ratios as markers of osteolytic activity in LCH patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A proposal for an international retinoblastoma staging system
Authors: Chantada Guillermo , Doz François , Antoneli Celia B.G. , Grundy Richard , Clare Stannard F.F. , Dunkel Ira J. , Grabowski Eric , Leal‐Leal Carlos , Rodríguez‐Galindo Carlos , Schvartzman Enrique , Popovic Maja Beck , Kremens Bernhard , Meadows Anna T. , Zucker Jean‐Michel 
Published: December 2005

AbstractBackgroundAlthough intra‐retinal tumor has long been staged presurgically according to the Reese–Ellsworth (R–E) system, retinoblastoma differs from other pediatric neoplasms in never having had a widely accepted classification system that encompasses the entire spectrum of the disease. Comparisons among studies that consider disease extension, risk factors for extra‐ocular relapse, and response to therapy require a universally accepted staging system for extra‐ocular disease.ProcedureA committee of retinoblastoma experts from large centers worldwide has developed a consensus classification that can encompass all retinoblastoma cases and is presented herein. Patients are classified according to extent of disease and the presence of overt extra‐ocular extension. In addition, a proposal for substaging considering histopathological features of enucleated specimens is presented to further discriminate between Stage I and II patients.ResultsThe following is a summary of the classification system developed—Stage 0: Patients treated conservatively (subject to presurgical ophthalmologic classifications); Stage I: Eye enucleated, completely resected histologically; Stage II: Eye enucleated, microscopic residual tumor; Stage III: Regional extension [(a) overt orbital disease, (b) preauricular or cervical lymph node extension]; Stage IV: Metastatic disease [(a) hematogenous metastasis: (1) single lesion, (2) multiple lesions; (b) CNS extension: (1) prechiasmatic lesion, (2) CNS mass, (3) leptomeningeal disease]. A proposal is also presented for substaging of enucleated Stages I and II eyes.ConclusionsThe proposed staging system is the product of an international effort to adopt a uniform staging system for patients with retinoblastoma to cover the whole spectrum of the disease. Pediatric Blood Cancer 2006;47:801–805. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sensorineural hearing loss in a case of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Imashuku Shinsaku , Kohdera Urara , Teramura Tomoko , Ueda Ikuyo , Morimoto Akira , Naya Mayumi , Kuroda Hiroshi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractSevere sensorineural hearing loss (bilateral >80 dB) was diagnosed in a case of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (FHL). The female patient developed HLH at 3 months of age and underwent allogeneic cord blood transplantation at 11 months of age following 7 months of immuno‐chemotherapy. The type 2 FHL patient had a homozygous perforin gene mutation of 1090–1091delCT, and was noted to have hearing loss at 3.5 years of age. Retrospective evaluation did not clarify the exact causes of hearing loss. Reports on Kawasaki disease, suggesting a correlation between severe inflammatory status in infancy and the development of sensorineural hearing loss, may shed some light on this rare complication in this case of FHL. Considering the markedly improved prognosis of FHL due to recent advances made in the molecular diagnosis and in the management including allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, auditor by screening might be warranted for surviving FHL patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;49:856–858. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerization of 4‐methylpentene and vinylcyclohexane by amine bis(phenolate) titanium and zirconium complexes
Authors: Gendler Shimrit , Groysman Stanislav , Goldschmidt Zeev , Shuster Michael , Kol Moshe 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe polymerization of the substituted olefins 4‐methylpentene and vinylcyclohexane by dibenzyl titanium and zirconium complexes of three amine bis(phenolate) ligands is reported. The ligands featured a dimethylamino side‐arm donor and either electron‐withdrawing (Cl and Br) or methyl phenolate substituents. After activation with B(C6F5)3, the zirconium catalysts exhibited a higher activity than the titanium catalysts toward these bulky olefins. Very high weight‐average molecular weight poly(4‐methylpentene) was obtained with the zirconium catalysts. The zirconium catalysts were employed in 1‐hexene polymerization, and their activity was found to be the highest ever reported for catalysts of the amine bis(phenolate) family. The catalysts featuring methyl phenolate substituents showed a higher activity toward these substituted olefins than the electron‐poor catalysts; this trend was opposite to their activity toward 1‐hexene. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 1136–1146, 2006
Depression in paediatric cancer: an overview
Authors: DeJong Margaret , Fombonne Eric 
Published: December 2005

AbstractResearch into depression in paediatric cancer is in its early stages, but nevertheless has presented interesting challenges regarding the recognition and measurement of depression in a medically ill population. In this article we discuss the complex interaction between physical and psychological variables, and the diagnostic difficulties arising from this. We review the epidemiological findings regarding prevalence, evaluating the apparently low prevalence rate in the light of methodological weaknesses. Hypotheses put forward to explain the findings are discussed. We conclude by highlighting areas for future research. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A self‐stabilized model of the chymotrypsin catalytic pocket. The energy profile of the overall catalytic cycle
Authors: Hudáky Péter , Perczel András 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA model of the catalytic triad of chymotrypsin is built assuring the arrangement and properties as they are within the complete enzyme. The model contains 18 amino acid residues of chymotrypsin and its substrate. A total of 135 atoms (including 70 heavy atoms) were subjected to full ab initio geometry optimizations through 127 individual steps along the reaction coordinate of the complete catalytic mechanism. It was shown that the described model of the catalytic apparatus forms a self‐stabilized molecule ensemble without the rest of the enzyme and substrate. According to the calculations, the formations of the first and second tetrahedral intermediates in the model have 20.3 and 15.7 kcal/mol activation energy barriers, respectively. Removing elements of the catalytic apparatus such as the (1) catalytic aspartate or (2) the anion hole, as well as (3) inserting a water molecule “early” in the catalytic process, or (4) introducing conformational rigidity of the substrate, results in an increase of the above energy barrier of the first catalytic step in the model by 6.4, 13.7, 3.7, and 4.1 kcal/mol, respectively. Based on the calculated process one can conclude that the catalytic reaction in this model is much more similar to the reaction in the enzyme than to the reference reaction. To our knowledge, this is the first model system that mimics the complete catalytic mechanism. Proteins 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ambient air concentrations of pesticides used in potato cultivation in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Authors: White Louise M , Ernst William R , Julien Gary , Garron Christine , Leger Martin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractAmbient air concentrations of nine selected pesticides used in potato cultivation were investigated on Prince Edward Island by collecting samples during the summer of 1998 at three potato farm sites and one non‐agricultural site. In 1999, air samples were collected at a single potato farm site during local application of pesticides. The fungicide chlorothalonil was the only pesticide detected in every sample in both years, even in samples with a duration as little as 5 h. In 1998, maximum (45–458 ng m−3) and mean (22–193 ng m−3) concentrations of chlorothalonil from composite 42 h samples were one to two orders of magnitude greater at agricultural sites than at the non‐agricultural site (3.9 and 2.5 ng m−3, respectively). Maximum and mean concentrations of chlorothalonil from combined 24 h samples at the farm site in 1999 were higher than those measured in 1998 (636 and 284 ng m−3, respectively). The ubiquitous presence in air of relatively high concentrations of chlorothalonil in agricultural areas on Prince Edward Island is likely related to its repeated use on potato farms where fungicides account for 80–90% of pesticides applied. Eight of nine pesticides were detected at farm sites in 1998 and they are ranked by mean concentration from highest to lowest as follows: chlorothalonil, methamidophos, azinphos‐methyl, α‐endosulfan, β‐endosulfan, pirimicarb, metobromuron, metribuzin, metalaxyl and fluazifop‐P‐butyl. Concentrations of metalaxyl, pirimicarb, metobromuron and fluazifop‐P‐butyl in air are among the first reported values for these pesticides. Five pesticides were detected at the Summerside farm in 1999, but only two fungicides (chlorothalonil and metalaxyl) were used locally, while the presence of metribuzin, α‐endosulfan and methamidophos in air was not associated with local application. Evidence of pesticide drift was observed for chlorothalonil, α‐endosulfan and methamidophos, and these pesticides were identified as being of high concern in terms of potential wildlife exposure on the Island. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry
Interaction of indole derivatives and tryptophan peptides with interfaces of sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles
Authors: Imamura Takeyoshi , Konishi Kazue , Konishi Katsutoshi 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe free energies of transfer for indole and tryptophan derivatives and pentapeptides having single tryptophan residues from aqueous to sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micellar phases have been systematically studied using the conventional method of ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry. The free energies for the position isomers of methyl indoles varied depending on the substitution positions. Thus, the contribution of the methyl group to the binding affinity of the 4‐methyl indole to the micelle was about twice that of the 2‐ and 7‐methyl indoles. The free energy changes with the introduction of halogen groups to the indole rings were correlated to the nonpolar water‐accessible surface area (ΔAnp) of the halogen moieties, which were regarded as hydrophobic. The relationships followed straight lines passing through the origins. Position dependence having tendencies similar to the methyl indoles was observed among the magnitudes of the slopes of the straight lines. These results strongly suggest that the indole rings of the derivatives residing in the micellar interface regions direct their imino moieties NH toward the micellar surfaces. Experiments using model tryptophan pentapeptides showed that the magnitude of free energy change per methylene unit of an alkyl amino acid residue in the pentapeptide increased with elongation of the alkyl moiety and was not a constant value as reported for various alkyl compounds. When the peptides distribute to the SDS micelles, the peptide backbones are anchored in aqueous phases and the amino acid side chains in the interfaces extend their alkyl groups toward the micellar centers. Thus, the free energy changes can be connected to the positions of the alkyl groups of the amino acid residues in the micelles. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biochemical and genetic characterization of Hmi1p, a yeast DNA helicase involved in the maintenance of mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Monroe Danny S. , Leitzel Adelaide K. , Klein Hannah L. , Matson Steven W. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe HMI1 gene encodes a DNA helicase that localizes to the mitochondria and is required for maintenance of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genome of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Identified based on its homology with E. coli uvrD, the HMI1 gene product, Hmi1p, has been presumed to be involved in the replication of the 80 kb linear S. cerevisiae mtDNA genome. Here we report the purification of Hmi1p to apparent homogeneity and provide a characterization of the helicase reaction and the ATPase reaction with regard to NTP preference, divalent cation preference and the stimulatory effects of different nucleic acids on Hmi1p‐catalysed ATPase activity. Genetic complementation assays indicate that mitochondrial localization of Hmi1p is essential for its role in mtDNA metabolism. The helicase activity, however, is not essential. Point mutants that lack ATPase/helicase activity partially complement a strain lacking Hmi1p. We suggest several possible roles for Hmi1p in mtDNA metabolism. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction and characterization of a series of vectors for Schizosaccharomyces pombe
Authors: Adams C. , Haldar D. , Kamakaka R. T. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA set of vectors was created to allow cloning and expression studies in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. These vectors had a uniform backbone with an efficient Sz. pombe ARS, ARS3002, but different selectable markers—his3+, leu1+, ade6+ and ura4+. The vectors functioned efficiently as autonomously replicating plasmids that could also be converted into integrating vectors. The ura4+‐containing vector was used to construct a Sz. pombe genomic library. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impact of ancestral populations on postzygotic isolation in allopatric speciation
Authors: Hayashi Takehiko I. , Kawata Masakado 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPostzygotic isolation evolves due to an accumulation of substitutions (potentially deleterious alleles in hybrids) in populations that have become geographically isolated. These potentially deleterious alleles might also be maintained in ancestral populations before geographic isolation. We used an individual‐based model to examine the effect of the genetic state of an ancestral population on the evolution of postzygotic isolation after geographic isolation of a population. The results showed that the number of loci at which degenerative alleles are fixed in an ancestral population at equilibrium significantly affects the evolutionary rates of postzygotic isolation between descendant allopatric populations. Our results suggest that: (1) a severe decrease in population size (e.g., less than ten individuals) is not necessary for the rapid evolution of postzygotic isolation (e.g., <10,000 generation); (2) rapid speciation can occur when there is a large difference in the equilibrium number of accumulated degenerative alleles between ancestral and descendant populations; and (3) in an ancestral population maintained at a small effective population size for a long period of time, postzygotic isolation rarely evolves if back mutations that restore the function of degenerative alleles are limited.