bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Hybrid Plasmon Mode Enhancing the Lifetime and Forward‐Directional Emission for Solution‐Processed OLEDs
Authors: Liang Ningning , Xin Xia , Yin Mingjie , Chen Ruixiang , Yang Hua , Tian Ruiqi , Chen Yiming , Song Ningning , Zhai Tianrui 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOngoing research is dedicated to tackling the trade‐off between out‐coupling efficiency, transparency, and conductivity for transparent conductive electrodes (TCEs), owing to their continuously increasing application in smartphones/watches, augmented/virtual reality, and naked eye 3D projection. Herein, an aluminum substrate‐mediated hybrid plasmon mode is deliberately embedded in solution‐processed organic light‐emitting diode (SOLED). The created TCE with a 6‐nm‐Al film‐mediated indium tin oxide (ITO) displays an average transmittance of 88.3%, an average ultra‐low haze of 0.2%, and a sheet resistance of 9.5 Ω sq−1, surpassing commercial ITO substrates. By precisely controlling the geometry of this aluminium film/dielectric spacer/silver nanoparticle (Al film‐TAPC‐Ag NP) coupled system, a hybrid dipolar, and quadrupolar mode is required, providing further enhanced scattering strength and plasmon coupling effect in the resultant OLED. These Al film‐TAPC‐Ag NP system mediated SOLEDs display improved decay rate of triplet excitons, elevated electroluminescence out‐coupling efficiency, and suppressed waveguide confinement. Consequently, enhanced stability by 10% after 580 h storage without encapsulation, forward‐directed emission with a ± 70° light‐emitting angle, and a 22% current efficiency enhancement are simultaneously realized, compared with conventional SOLEDs. This work presents new opportunities for LED design and for the implementation of solution‐processed LEDs in large‐area high‐performance displays.
Evolution of Graphene Dirac Fermions in Electric Double‐Layer Transistors with a Soft Barrier
Authors: Lin Fanrong , Liu Jiawei , Lu Huan , Liu Xin , Liu Ying , Hu Zhili , Lyu Pin , Zhang Zhuhua , Martin Jens , Guo Wanlin , Liu Yanpeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe interface and dielectric environment of graphene transistors are of great importance to commercial circuit integrations. The tangling bond in oxide‐based dielectric severely lagged the carrier mobility while the 2D dielectric layer (for instance, hexagonal boron nitride) unavoidably hastened complicated condensed physics even at room temperature. Herein, multilayer black phosphorus (BP) a versatile and widely‐tunable dielectric candidate for manifesting graphene fermions is demonstrated. Because of hetero‐interfacial charge redistributions, a vertical electric double‐layer between the bottom BP layer and top graphene spontaneously forms with the central BP layer as a soft barrier. Under dual‐gate modulation, abnormal step‐like evolution of Dirac fermions and charge‐transfer quantum Hall effect arises while the intrinsic Dirac behavior of graphene is preserved, ascribing to the gate‐tunable charge redistributions of dielectric BP layer. Moreover, the electric double‐layer transistors apply equally well to bilayer graphene with similar Dirac behavior but an enhanced interfacial charge interference. The findings not only create a new avenue to manipulate the fermions by assembling graphene with narrow‐gapped 2D layered materials but also promote electric double‐layer transistors as a new build block to design multifunctional devices.
Freestanding MXene‐Scaffolded Film Cathodes Enable High‐Performance Flexible Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zeng Zhen , Shen Jianyu , Lai Yiliang , Hua Guoxin , Wang Yuxiao , Liu Junyang , Tang Weihua 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFlexible electronics are among the highest‐profile devices in today's world. The development of high‐capacity power supply with both flexibility and rate stability is in great demand yet remains highly challenging. Herein, for the first time the construction of freestanding films is reported by integrating α‐MnO2 nanofibers in MXene (Ti3C2Tx) bonded single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) networks (named MXSC) through covalent bonding as binder‐free cathodes for high capacity and rate stability aqueous zinc‐ion battery. The film electrodes boast high electrical conductivity and decent flexibility for rolling and folding. The optimal MnO2@MXSC (α‐MnO2/SWCNTs/MXene = 10:40:60 by weight ratio) cathode contributes a steady specific capacity of 368 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 over 1000 cycles charge and discharge process, delivering a high energy density of 354 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 963 W kg−1. More importantly, the MnO2@MXSC cathode demonstrates exceptional cyclic performance after being bent 1000 times. The flexible Zn‐MnO2@MXSC thin film battery maintains its energy storage capability when subject to folding and cutting. Such outstanding abilities of this highly flexible rechargeable MnO2@MXSC cathode offer a unique perspective on powering wearable electronic devices.
Engineering the Metal‐Support Interaction and Oxygen Vacancies on Ru@P‐Fe/Fe3O4 Nanorods for Synergetic Enhanced Electrocatalytic Nitrate‐to‐Ammonia Conversion
Authors: Su Jinhui , Shi Ke , Liu Baocang , Xi Zichao , Yu Junchao , Xu Xuan , Jing Peng , Gao Rui , Zhang Jun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRuthenium (Ru) loaded catalysts show high activity and selectivity for ammonia (NH3) synthesis via electrochemical reduction of nitrate (NO3−), but their practical application is still restricted by their high cost and insufficient stability. Herein, a multi‐component electrocatalyst of Ru nanoclusters loaded on phosphorus‐doped/phosphate‐modified and oxygen vacancy (OV)‐rich Fe/Fe3O4 composite nanorods (Ru@P‐Fe/Fe3O4) to synergistically promote electrocatalytic NO3− reduction reaction (NO3−RR)‐to‐NH3 performance via strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) is reported. Impressively, the best Ru@P‐Fe/Fe3O4 catalyst exhibits outstanding NO3−RR activity, selectivity, and durability in 0.1 M KNO3 + 0.5 M KOH solution, with an NH3 yield rate of 14.37 ± 0.21 mgNH3 h−1 cm−2 (1710.71 ± 25 mgNH3 h−1 mgRu−1) at −0.75 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE), an NH3 Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 97.2% at −0.55 V vs. RHE, and a superior stability over 50 h, suppressing most of reported Fe‐based and Ru‐based electrocatalysts. The characterizations and theoretical calculations unveil that the SMSI between Ru nanoclusters and P‐Fe/Fe3O4 composite nanorods can promote the generation of OV, tune the electronic structure of Ru species, and stabilize Ru nanoclusters, thereby reducing the reaction energy barrier of NO3−RR‐to‐NH3, inhibiting the competitive hydrogen evolution reaction, and boosting the NH3 yield rate NH3 FE, and stability.
A Highly Integrated Component with Tri‐Part Significantly Enhances Fuel Cell Power Density by Reducing Mass Transfer Resistance and Excellent Humidity Tolerance
Authors: He Can , Wen Qinglin , Ning Fandi , Shen Min , He Lei , Tian Bin , Li Wei , Xu Leilei , Liu Yiyang , Dan Xiong , Chai Zhi , Zou Siyi , Zhou Xiaochun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTraditional flow fields and gas diffusion layers (GDL) suffer from water flooding at the rib contact surface, resulting in mass transfer obstruction. Herein, an integrated component (i‐component) with tri‐part of the flow field, gas diffusion backing, and the microporous layer is prepared using the filter molding method to prevent flooding at the rib. The i‐component with micro‐tunnels is more compact than traditional fuel cells and has no distinct interface, significantly enhancing fuel cell performance, reducing mass transfer resistance, and improving water management. Remarkably, the mass transfer resistance of the i‐components is reduced by six times, accompanied by a 50% increase in power density (1.63 W cm−2) and a 146% surge in volume‐specific power (24 500 W L−1). Additionally, it exhibits excellent humidity tolerance in the relative humidity range of 30–100%. This method achieves large‐area i‐component (388 cm2) preparation in 0.5 h at 350 °C, which reduces time by dozens and energy consumption by over 100 times compared to the traditional method for preparing commercial GDL. The i‐component significantly enhances the mass transfer and water management capabilities of fuel cells. Hence, the i‐component provides new strategies for next‐generation fuel cells, water electrolysis, flow battery, carbon dioxide reduction, etc.
Charge‐Transfer‐Mediated Exciton Dynamics in Van der Waals Antiferromagnet NiPS3
Authors: Li Yuanhe , Liang Gaoming , Kong Chongtao , Sun Baoquan , Zhang Xinhui 
Published: April 2024

Abstract2D van der Waals antiferromagnets have emerged as excellent candidates for studying novel low‐dimensional magnetism. The recently discovered spin–orbit‐entangled excitonic bound state appearing below the Néel temperature of 150 K in 2D antiferromagnetic NiPS3 (the so‐called Zhang–Rice (ZR) exciton) has drawn considerable attention in terms of exploring the strong correlation of spins, orbitals, and charges in a localized many‐body state. However, the formation mechanism of ZR excitons remains unclear, and its ultrafast dynamics have yet to be fully explored. Here, utilizing broadband transient reflectivity spectroscopy, the strong correlation between the charge‐transfer state excitation and the dynamic evolution of ZR excitons is investigated. Through systematic tuning of the pumping photon energy across the charge‐transfer state in NiPS3, the results reveal a short radiative lifetime of tens of picoseconds and a long nonradiative lifetime of up to nanoseconds for ZR excitons following an ultrafast charge transfer of ≈2 ps from the charge‐transfer state. The findings provide evidence of charge‐transfer‐induced ZR excitonic states in NiPS3, where the intriguing phenomena of strongly coupled spins and charges can be explored.
Simultaneous Fresh Water Collection and Li+ Selective Adsorption Enabled by A Salt‐Resistant Separated Solar Evaporator
Authors: Chen Kai , Li Lingxiao , Li Bucheng , Yang Yanfei , Zhu Keyu , Zhang Junping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSolar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SIE) of brine may solve the fresh water shortage issue but suffers from salt‐fouling. Meanwhile, adsorption can extract valuable lithium (Li) from brine but is hampered by low adsorption capacity/rate, additional energy input and low selectivity, etc. Here, as a proof‐of‐concept, the design of a separated solar evaporator (S‐evaporator) is reported for simultaneously efficient fresh water collection and Li+ selective adsorption by SIE of brine, accomplishing their complementation using only sunlight. The S‐evaporator consists of a tilted n‐shaped H2TiO3‐modified fabric and a photothermal sheet on it. The superhydrophilic fabric transports brine to the photothermal sheet and provides affluent sites for Li+ adsorption. The photothermal sheet promotes SIE and enhances Li+ adsorption by significantly increasing the fabric's temperature. Consequently, simultaneous fresh water collection and Li+ selective adsorption are realized by the S‐evaporator. Under 1 kW m−2 illumination, the S‐evaporator shows long‐term stable evaporation rate (1.51 kg m−2 h−1) for 20 wt% brine, high Li+ adsorption capacity (20.09 mg g−1), good Li+ adsorption selectivity from real brine and good cycle stability. The S‐evaporator has great application potential for efficiently extracting fresh water and Li+ from brine as demonstrated by the large SIE setup in real outdoor conditions.
Simultaneous Reduction of Bulk and Contact Thermal Resistance in High‐Loading Thermal Interface Materials Using Self‐Assembled Monolayers
Authors: He Xiu , Liu Xirui , Huang Jiajing , Lin Wenbo , Wen Jiawang , Huang Pochung , Zeng Xiaoliang , Zhang Yan , Wang Qianlong , Lin Yue 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThermal interface materials (TIMs) play a pivotal role in the transfer of heat from high‐temperature sources, such as CPUs, to heat sinks in power electronics. The effectiveness of grease‐type TIMs is determined by their effective thermal impedance (REFF), which hinges on optimizing both the specific bulk (RB) and contact (RC) thermal resistances. Achieving concurrent optimization of these resistances poses a significant challenge, especially in high filler loading TIMs, typically above 76 vol%. This research leverages interface engineering through Self‐Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) to address this challenge. A substantial decrease in REFF is realized to 0.169 K cm2 W−1, a tenfold enhancement compared to non‐SAM treated TIMs, which exhibit REFF values of 2.265 K cm2 W−1. This leap in performance is primarily ascribed to the reduced surface energy of SAM treated Al2O3, leading to lower particle‐to‐particle Van der Waals forces, thereby improving particle dispersion and strengthening interfacial bonds. Furthermore, longer carbon chains in SAMs result in increased RB, yet a decrease in RC, due to the chains' capacity for enhanced energy absorption and molecular entanglement. The investigation underscores the significance of shorter‐chain SAMs in fine‐tuning thermal resistance, highlighting the crucial role of molecular architecture in the design of advanced TIMs.
Self‐Assembly Enabled Printable Asymmetric Self‐Insulated Stretchable Conductor for Human Interface
Authors: Ahmed Salahuddin , Momin Marzia , Ren Jiashu , Lee Hyunjin , Zhou Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoft and stretchable conductors with high electrical conductivity and tissue‐like mechanical properties are crucial for both on‐skin and implantable electronic devices. Liquid metal‐based conductors hold great promise due to their metallic conductivity and minimal stiffness. However, the surface oxidation of liquid metal particles in polymeric matrices poses a challenge in forming a continuous pathway for highly conductive elastic composites. Here, it is reported a printable composite material based on liquid metal and conducting polymer that undergoes a self‐assembly process, achieving high conductivity (2089 S cm−1) in the bottom surface while maintaining an insulated top surface, high stretchability (>800%), and a modulus akin to human skin tissue. This material is further applied to fabricate skin‐interfaced strain sensors and electromyogram sensors through 3D printing.
Bacterial Biohybrids for Invasion of Tumor Cells Promote Antigen Cross‐Presentation Through Gap Junction
Authors: Li Wen , Chen Qi‐Wen , Fan Jin‐Xuan , Han Zi‐Yi , Song Wen‐Fang , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDue to inherent differences in cellular composition and metabolic behavior with host cells, tumor‐harbored bacteria can discriminatorily affect tumor immune landscape. However, the mechanisms by which intracellular bacteria affect antigen presentation process between tumor cells and antigen‐presenting cells (APCs) are largely unknown. The invasion behavior of attenuated Salmonella VNP20009 (VNP) into tumor cells is investigated and an attempt is made to modulate this behavior by modifying positively charged polymers on the surface of VNP. It is found that non‐toxic chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) modified VNP (VNP@COS) bolsters the formation of gap junction between tumor cells and APCs by enhancing the ability of VNP to infect tumor cells. On this basis, a bacterial biohybrid is designed to promote in situ antigen cross‐presentation through intracellular bacteria induced gap junction. This bacterial biohybrid also enhances the expression of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules on the surface of tumor cells through the incorporation of Mdivi‐1 coupled with VNP@COS. This strategic integration serves to heighten the immunogenic exposure of tumor antigens; while, preserving the cytotoxic potency of T cells. A strategy is proposed to precisely controlling the function and local effects of microorganisms within tumors.
Integrating Single‐Cell and Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals Heterogeneity of Early Pig Skin Development and a Subpopulation with Hair Placode Formation
Authors: Wang Yi , Jiang Yao , Ni Guiyan , Li Shujuan , Balderson Brad , Zou Quan , Liu Huatao , Jiang Yifan , Sun Jingchun , Ding Xiangdong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe dermis and epidermis, crucial structural layers of the skin, encompass appendages, hair follicles (HFs), and intricate cellular heterogeneity. However, an integrated spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of embryonic skin has not yet been described and would be invaluable for studying skin‐related diseases in humans. Here, single‐cell and spatial transcriptomic analyses are performed on skin samples of normal and hairless fetal pigs across four developmental periods. The cross‐species comparison of skin cells illustrated that the pig epidermis is more representative of the human epidermis than mice epidermis. Moreover, Phenome‐wide association study analysis revealed that the conserved genes between pigs and humans are strongly associated with human skin‐related diseases. In the epidermis, two lineage differentiation trajectories describe hair follicle (HF) morphogenesis and epidermal development. By comparing normal and hairless fetal pigs, it is found that the hair placode (Pc), the most characteristic initial structure in HFs, arises from progenitor‐like OGN+/UCHL1+ cells. These progenitors appear earlier in development than the previously described early Pc cells and exhibit abnormal proliferation and migration during differentiation in hairless pigs. The study provides a valuable resource for in‐depth insights into HF development, which may serve as a key reference atlas for studying human skin disease etiology using porcine models.
Conformal Engineering of Both Electrodes Toward High‐Performance Flexible Quasi‐Solid‐State Zn‐Ion Micro‐Supercapacitors
Authors: Wu Yaopeng , Yuan Wei , Wang Pei , Wu Xuyang , Chen Jinghong , Shi Yu , Ma Qianyi , Luo Dan , Chen Zhongwei , Yu Aiping 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe severe Zn‐dendrite growth and insufficient carbon‐based cathode performance are two critical issues that hinder the practical applications of flexible Zn‐ion micro‐ssupercapacitors (FZCs). Herein, a self‐adaptive electrode design concept of the synchronous improvement on both the cathode and anode is proposed to enhance the overall performance of FZCs. Polypyrrole doped with anti‐expansion graphene oxide and acrylamide (PPy/GO‐AM) on the cathode side can exhibit remarkable electrochemical performance, including decent capacitance and cycling stability, as well as exceptional mechanical properties. Meanwhile, a robust protective polymeric layer containing reduced graphene oxide and polyacrylamide is self‐assembled onto the Zn surface (rGO/PAM@Zn) at the anode side, by which the “tip effect” of Zn small protuberance can be effectively alleviated, the Zn‐ion distribution homogenized, and dendrite growth restricted. Benefiting from these advantages, the FZCs deliver an excellent specific capacitance of 125 mF cm−2 (125 F cm−3) at 1 mA cm−2, along with a maximum energy density of 44.4 µWh cm−2, and outstanding long‐term durability with 90.3% capacitance remained after 5000 cycles. This conformal electrode design strategy is believed to enlighten the practical design of high‐performance in‐plane flexible Zn‐based electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs) by simultaneously tackling the challenges faced by Zn anodes and capacitance‐type cathodes.
A Self‐Powered Biochemical Sensor for Intelligent Agriculture Enabled by Signal Enhanced Triboelectric Nanogenerator
Authors: Gao Along , Zhou Qitao , Cao Zhikang , Xu Wenxia , Zhou Kang , Wang Boyou , Pan Jing , Pan Caofeng , Xia Fan 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPrecise agriculture based on intelligent agriculture plays a significant role in sustainable development. The agricultural Internet of Things (IoTs) is a crucial foundation for intelligent agriculture. However, the development of agricultural IoTs has led to exponential growth in various sensors, posing a major challenge in achieving long‐term stable power supply for these distributed sensors. Introducing a self‐powered active biochemical sensor can help, but current sensors have poor sensitivity and specificity making this application challenging. To overcome this limitation, a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG)‐based self‐powered active urea sensor which demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity is developed. This device achieves signal enhancement by introducing a volume effect to enhance the utilization of charges through a novel dual‐electrode structure, and improves the specificity of urea detection by utilizing an enzyme‐catalyzed reaction. The device is successfully used to monitor the variation of urea concentration during crop growth with concentrations as low as 4 µm, without being significantly affected by common fertilizers such as potassium chloride or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate. This is the first self‐powered active biochemical sensor capable of highly specific and highly sensitive fertilizer detection, pointing toward a new direction for developing self‐powered active biochemical sensor systems within sustainable development‐oriented agricultural IoTs.
Optically Enhanced Semitransparent Organic Solar Cells with Light Utilization Efficiency Surpassing 5.5%
Authors: Zhang Ye‐Fan , Chen Wei‐Shuo , Chen Jing‐De , Ren Hao , Hou Hong‐Yi , Tian Shuo , Ge Heng‐Ru , Ling Hong‐Hui , Zhang Jia‐Liang , Mao Hongying , Tang Jian‐Xin , Li Yan‐Qing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConverting non‐visual light into photocurrent while maintaining high visual transparency is vital for semitransparent organic solar cells (ST‐OSCs) application, yet often challenging over insufficient invisible light‐harvesting. Herein, spectrally selective optical manipulation for ST‐OSCs with high visual light transparency and full‐spectral non‐visual light reflection is proposed by matching the optical admittance of ultrathin Ag films using ZnS and MgF2. The reflection of optically enhanced ST‐OSCs at the spectral region beyond the human eye's response spectrum is improved and the transmission in the visual region is simultaneously enhanced. By further integrating an anti‐reflective structure, the optimal structure boosts the average visible transmittance and power conversion efficiency of ST‐OSCs to 44.3% and 12.6%, respectively, yielding a record light utilization efficiency of 5.6%. Corresponding flexible ST‐OSCs with high mechanical stability implies that this work provides a facile and universal strategy for ST‐OSCs aiming at building integrated photovoltaics.