bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Massive changes in gene expression and their cause(s) can be a unifying principle in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Coleman Paul D. , Delvaux Elaine , Kordower Jeffrey H. , Boehringer Ashley , Huseby Carol J. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractUnderstanding of the biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has long been fragmented, with various investigators concentrating on amyloid beta (Aβ) or tau, inflammation, cell death pathways, misfolded proteins, glia, and more. Yet data from multiple authors has repeatedly shown altered expression of myriad genes related to these seemingly disparate phenomena. In 2022, Morgan et al. organized the massive data on changes in AD in a meticulous survey of the literature and related these changes to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. Their data showed that 91% of the known KEGG pathways are involved in AD and that many of these pathways are represented by the known cellular/molecular phenomena of AD. Such data then raise the fundamental question: What mechanism(s) may be responsible for such widespread changes in gene expression? We review evidence for a unifying model based on sequestrations in stress granules and alteration of nucleocytoplasmic transport in AD.Highlights
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), critical changes take place in neurons before the appearance of plaques or tangles.
Addressing these early changes provides a path to early detection and effective intervention in AD.
Inflammatory/Immune Adverse Events in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients During Treatment With Bosutinib
Authors: Agostani E. , Tassistro E. , Antolini L. , Gambacorti‐Passerini C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTBackgroundBosutinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), is effective in treating chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients resistant or intolerant to previous TKIs. Unlike other TKIs, bosutinib's lack of inhibition of c‐KIT and PDGFR may contribute to its unique tolerability profile. Similar to dasatinib, it targets Bcr/Abl and SRC kinases, particularly Lyn, raising safety concerns. In fact, the susceptibility of Lyn −/− mice to autoimmune disorders and the deregulation of Lyn‐dependent pathways in patients with lupus were previously shown.AimsThis study aimed to assess the time‐adjusted rate (TAR) of inflammatory/immune‐related adverse events in bosutinib‐treated patients.MethodsWe analyzed clinical data from 60 patients with a minimum follow‐up of three months. We used the CTCAE dictionary to identify immune‐related adverse events (irAEs).ResultsPatients had a median treatment duration of 47.9 months (IQR: 38.4–121.8), totaling 592.7 person‐months. Among 33 patients (55% of the sample), we detected 94 irAEs (2.3% of total adverse events), including giant cell arteritis, psoriasis, erythema nodosum, articular pain, pleural and pericardial effusion, and three cases of recurrent sterile pneumonia. The estimated TAR of the first irAEs was 14.7 (95% CI: 10.4–20.7) events per 100 person‐years; considering repeated irAEs, the TAR was 28.4 (95% CI: 23.2–34.8) events per 100 person‐years. The median time to the first irAE was 14.8 months (IQR: 7.1–42). These rates are higher than those observed in imatinib‐treated patients.ConclusionsOur findings support the clinical impression of a high incidence of irAEs in bosutinib‐treated patients and may lead to an enhanced understanding of bosutinib's safety profile and mechanism of action.
Engineering Gizmos for Short Cancer Genetic Fragments Discrimination
Authors: Yuk Jisoo , Kim Jeonghun , Jung Sunghwan , Um Soong Ho 
Published: February 2025

AbstractCurrently, mankind is fiercely struggling with cancer. Recently, we have been winning the battle against cancer through precision medicine and accompanying diagnostic methods, and we are raising many hopes with blockbuster drugs. It would be even better if we could read the cancer nucleotide sequence, identify them in advance, and suggest treatments simultaneously. However, this may be an impossible dream because it takes a lot of time and effort to diagnose and ensure all the long gene sequences of cancer at once. Thus, victory will be even closer if a rapid and accurate diagnosis of the cancer‐specific gene biomarkers that will soon be imprinted can be made. With the advent of nanotechnology, a new short cancer diagnostic toolkit has been proposed to achieve the goal. This review presents a small diagnostic device that detects certain cancers′ genetic fragments (simply ‘Gizmo’). The development of numerous diagnostic methods has focused on (1) directly detecting pre‐selectively targeted genes using novel diagnostic systems, and (2) indirectly detecting substantial improvements in diagnostic sensitivity only through detection signal amplification without existing gene amplification steps. Our fight against cancer is not a dream, but the result of success, and it is assumed that victory will accelerate as soon as possible.
Covalently Mercurated 6‐Phenylcarbazole Residues Promote Hybridization of Triplex‐Forming Oligonucleotides
Authors: Uttam Ukale Dattatraya , Lönnberg Tuomas 
Published: February 2025

AbstractHomothymidine DNA oligonucleotides bearing a 3'‐terminal 6‐phenyl‐9H‐carbazole C‐nucleoside, mercurated at position 1, 8 or both, were synthesized and tested for their potential to form triple helices with homoadenine ⋅ homothymine duplexes. The monomercurated triplex‐forming oligonucleotides favored hybridization with fully matched double helices and in some cases considerable increase of the melting temperature could be attributed to Hoogsteen‐type Hg(II)‐mediated interaction with the homoadenine strand. The dimercurated one, on the other hand, favored hybridization with double helices placing a homo mispair opposite to the carbazole residue, suggesting that simultaneous coordination of each of the two Hg(II) ions to a different strand is only possible in the absence of competition from Watson–Crick base pairing.
Unmasking Aspergillosis: A Rare Cause of Facial Palsy and Vision Loss in an Immunocompetent Patient—A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Rehman Abdur , Farooqi Hafiz Anzal , Khan Imran , Akram Fatima , Khan Basit Ali , Ihtesham Arham , Maqbool Shahzaib , Iqbal Javed 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe present a case report of a 45‐year‐old female with acute onset right‐sided facial weakness, worsening vision, and diplopia. Upon evaluation, the patient exhibited total right‐side facial palsy (House‐Brackmann grade IV) with III, IV, and VI Cranial Nerve Ophthalmoplegia. There was no perception of light associated with optic atrophy on ocular examination. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a sizeable sphenoid sinus mass compressing the right optic nerve, consistent with neoplasia or invasive fungal infection. Eventually, we removed the mass endoscopically through a transnasal approach and diagnosed it as invasive Aspergillosis on histopathological examination, even though no previous record of immunodeficiency existed. The patient received intravenous followed by oral voriconazole. Postoperatively, there was partial recovery of her facial nerve function. This case highlights the importance of considering invasive fungal infections, even in immunocompetent patients, when managing space‐occupying lesions with neuro‐ophthalmic involvement.
Winter hay‐feeding effects on soil properties in a rotationally grazed pasture system in the Ozark Highlands
Authors: Berry Larry , Brye Kristofor R. , Sharpley Andrew , Morrow Ron , Phillipp Dirk , Glover Tim A. , Burke James M. , Daniels Mike B. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractSoil nutrient management for pastures in Arkansas often ignores nutrients applied from feeding hay to cattle. Discounting nutrient contributions from hay may increase the likelihood of unnecessary fertilizer over‐application. This study evaluated the effects of unrolling bales (unroll fed, UF) and using a ring feeder (ring fed, RF), compared to an unamended control, on changes in soil properties in the top 4 inches in a rotationally grazed, beef [red angus (Bos taurus)] pasture on silt‐loam soils in northwest Arkansas. Forty‐six cow–calf pairs were fed hay at 6.6 tons acre−1 year−1 (14.8 Mg ha−1 year−1; dry‐weight basis) from December to February during the 2015–2016 and 2016–2017 winters. Over the study period, extractable soil K and Mg concentrations increased (P < 0.05) by 83% and 33% for RF and by 126% and 51% for UF treatments, respectively. Soil bulk density (BD) decreased (P < 0.1) by 3.9% from 2015 to 2017 for the UF, while soil BD in the unamended control and RF treatments did not change over time. Mean overall infiltration was three times greater (P < 0.05) for the UF (1.76 mm min−1) than RF (0.56 mm min−1) treatment, while overall infiltration rate into the unamended control (1.1 mm min−1) did not differ from the UF or RF treatments. Results demonstrated that hay‐feeding strategies can impact soil BD and infiltration and that nutrients in winter‐fed hay impart benefits to pasture soil fertility that should be accounted for in a soil fertility management scheme in a rotationally grazed, pasture system.
Pericardial fluid evaluation: Diagnostic yield and cytology–histology correlation
Authors: Tannous Elie , Malik Sana , Gilani Syed M. 
Published: February 2025

AbstractBackgroundPericardial effusion can be due to any etiology but may cause significant morbidity and mortality; however, malignant effusions are rare, and accurate and timely diagnosis is essential for appropriate further management. Data on the actual comparison of pericardial cytology and surgical specimens are limited, and this study was conducted to evaluate an institutional cohort and compare these two samples.MethodsThe institutional electronic database system was retrospectively searched between January 2019 and December 2023 for pericardial biopsies/surgical specimens (PSSs) and cytology.ResultsA total of 202 surgical specimens of the pericardium were identified from patients with a median age of 67 years and a range of 18–97 years. Of these 202 cases, 190 specimens also underwent cytological evaluation, which included 153 cases that were negative for malignancy, nine cases that were indeterminate/atypical, and 28 cases that were positive for malignancy. Agreement between cytology and PSSs was reached in 172 cases, with 153 being benign and 19 being malignant. However, a cytology–histology discrepancy was found in 18 cases. Of these 18 cases, nine showed positive cytology but all had negative concurrent PSSs except for one with focal atypia, and the remaining nine were indeterminate/atypical on cytology. Eight of these nine indeterminate cases were negative on the PSS, whereas one atypical cytology case with low cellularity showed a positive PSS.ConclusionsIf atypical cases are excluded, cytology demonstrates a better diagnostic yield for detecting malignancy compared to surgical specimens (n = 28 cases vs. n = 20 cases, respectively).
An Anatomic Study of the Lingual Nerve and Associated Branches
Authors: Human‐Baron René , Procos Alexander , Uys André 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTObjectivesThe aim of the study was to investigate the course and anatomy of the lingual nerve (LN) to minimize the risk of iatrogenic damage during dental procedures.Material and MethodsThe LN was dissected in 25 cadavers (dentulous and edentulous). The intersection of the LN and submandibular duct (SMD), the bifurcation location from the mandibular nerve, the branching patterns of the main trunk, and the number of terminal branches were recorded.ResultsIn dentulous females, LN distances to the third, second, and first molars were 11.46 ± 2.51, 15.50 ± 5.24, and 18.75 ± 5.91 mm, while in dentulous males, they were 10.98 ± 1.27, 15.75 ± 2.61, and 19.65 ± 4.50 mm, respectively. For edentulous mandibles, all distances were shorter compared to the dentulous group. In 39.13%, the LN passed superior to the SMD. The LN is bifurcated above the mandibular notch in all cases. The number of branches entering the tongue ranged from 2 to 9, with a Type 1 branching pattern found to be the most prevalent.ConclusionsThe study incorporated both dentulous and edentulous cadavers from a South African population. The findings hold significance for surgical procedures, providing valuable insights into minimizing potential damage.
One‐step Synthesis, Characterization and Ammonia‐selective Catalytic Reduction Performance of Cu‐SAPO‐34 Catalyst
Authors: Ren Yumeng , Chen Geng , Lu Yudong , Li Kun , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Yingying 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe Cu‐SAPO‐34 catalyst, a promising selective catalytic reduction (SCR) catalyst for the denitration of mobile sources, has attracted widespread research interest due to its wide temperature window, remarkable catalytic performance and good stability. In this study, a series of Cu‐SAPO‐34 catalysts with varying Cu contents were synthesized by the one‐step hydrothermal method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were investigated by characterizations, and the reasons for the well‐activity catalysts were analyzed. The acidic sites on the SAPO‐34 zeolite can adsorb and activate NH3, while the copper active sites can promote the activation and reduction of NOx, accelerating the reaction process of SCR. In this study, Cu‐SAPO‐34 with Cu content of n(Cu)/n(C9H21AlO3)=0.075 has good framework stability, which produced more free Cu2+ ions and the Cu species are evenly distributed on the carrier surface, and the appropriate amount of acid sites. Therefore, the Cu0.075‐SAPO‐34 catalyst exhibits the highest NO conversion performance, maintaining a NO conversion rate above 90 % within the temperature range of 165–450 °C.
Recent Advances in the Photochemical Synthesis of Esters
Authors: Li Jie , Zhu Da‐Liang , Young David James , Wang Yanqing , Li Hong‐Xi 
Published: February 2025

AbstractPhotocatalysis has recently emerged as a powerful synthetic tool for making a variety of carbon‐carbon and carbon‐heteroatom bonds. The development of esterification reactions induced by light is an atom economical and energy efficient alternative to traditional methods for the synthesis of esters, with benefits including mild reaction conditions, high chemical yields, and wide functional group tolerance. This review summarizes recent progress made in this green methodology, including mechanisms of action, substrate scope, limitations and future prospects.
No Effect of Acute or Chronic New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cycling Performance or Physiological Responses in Trained Cyclists
Authors: Morton Lillian C. , Paton Carl D. , Aberkane Ryan , Braakhuis Andrea J. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTPrevious research examining the ergogenic benefits of blackcurrant supplementation (BC) on exercise performance is contradictory. The BC supplementation period in many studies has typically been chronic (> 6‐days), with a final dose taken hours before testing. Whether any observed performance benefits are from the acute dose or chronic supplementation is unclear. This study aimed to examine the effects on cycling performance of a single‐acute dose and 7‐day supplementation with BC extract. This study was a placebo‐controlled, double‐blind, randomised, cross‐over trial. Sixteen cyclists (mean ± SD: age 37 ± 11 years; height 175.8 ± 7.6 cm; body mass 73.2 ± 12.5 kg; V̇O2peak 3.8 ± 0.7 L·min−1) completed a total of six experimental sessions (2 × 3 treatment blocks). Each treatment block consisted of a no‐supplement baseline trial, a single dose (acute) and a 7‐day (chronic) supplementation trial. During each trial, subjects completed a maximal incremental test and 4 km time trial, separated by 15 min of recovery. Respiratory data, heart rate, muscle oxygenation and performance power were measured continuously in each trial, and differences between treatments were determined using RM‐ANOVA and effect size analysis. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in cycling performance between experimental and placebo treatments following acute or chronic supplementation periods. There were no significant effects on measured physiological and metabolic parameters, and any observed differences in performance or physiology were trivial to small. Blackcurrant supplementation delivered either acutely or over a period of 7 days had no significant effect on cycling performance or physiology.Trial RegistrationAustralia New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry: ACTRN12622001277730
Model Development and Validation for a Seismic Isolation System for Lightweight Structures
Authors: Restrepo Sebastian Lopez , Constantinou Michael C. 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA low‐cost seismic isolation system for lightweight structures, consisting of concrete concave plates and elastomeric deformable rolling balls, has been recently tested on a shake table using test models with realistic mass distribution and high‐intensity tri‐axial ground motions. The tests demonstrated that the system is very effective in the horizontal direction, whereas it does not isolate vertically, and it may magnify the vertical ground motion. The tests showed that these isolators exhibit a complex behavior with fluctuating shear stiffness and strength due to changes in the rolling ball's shape caused by the gravity load and the additional dynamic axial load due to the overturning moment and vertical ground motion. A model of the behavior of the isolator is presented in this paper. The model uses a combination of mechanics‐based and phenomenological elements and requires calibration based on individual isolator testing. In the vertical direction, the model employs a phenomenological Kelvin–Voigt element with velocity‐dependent damping and displacement‐dependent stiffness. A biaxial hysteretic element with displacement‐dependent elastic force derived from a mechanical analog of the rolling oval‐shaped ball is used in the horizontal direction. The mechanical analog uses an initially assumed shape of the rolling ball to obtain the force when the ball rocks and rolls. The model emulates reasonably well the behavior observed during testing, including the fluctuating stiffness and strength, stiffening at large displacements, uplift, and horizontal and vertical impact. Comparisons of analytical and experimental results show that the analytical model predicts horizontal isolator displacements and structural accelerations with acceptable accuracy.
Comprehensive Investigations on Split Injection System Using Diesel/Biodiesel Blends Powered Common Rail Direct Injection Engine: Multi‐Objective Optimization
Authors: Saba Gowthaman , Paramasivam Prabhu , Kandasamy Thangavel , Swaghatha Anu Karthi , Majdi Hasan Sh. , Alfaisal Faisal M. , Alam Shamsad , Ayanie Abinet Gosaye 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTA combined effect of injection pressure (IP) and split injection mechanism (SIM) on performance, combustion, and emission characteristics of a CRDI engine operated with diesel‐lemongrass biodiesel (LGB20) blend was analyzed and optimized the IP from the experimental results using RSM and ANOVA. The CRDI engine was tested under SIM conditions at various injection pressures (IPs) of 200, 300, 400, 500, and 600 bar, with limitations observed concerning specific engine characteristics. The SIM is accomplished by splitting the injection into two phases during the compression stroke. It was noted that the engine characteristics were improved concerning IPs in SIM by minimizing the intensity of heterogeneity of the mixture. The CRDI engine with 600 bar pressure registered higher in‐cylinder pressure, heat release rate, and brake thermal efficiency (BTE) with lower specific fuel consumption (SFC) when compared to the engine operated with other IPs. It also registered lower exhaust pollutants except oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and carbon dioxides (CO2) due to better combustion at 600 bar pressure. The CRDI engine was operated efficiently at 64.61% load with 600 bar IP and recorded engine parameters as 29.94% of BTE, 0.373 kg/kWh of SFC, 0.64% of CO, 4.55% of CO2, 244 ppm of NOx, 37.2 ppm of HC, and 64.58 HSU of smoke emissions. This study concluded that 600 bar IP is the optimum for better engine characteristics of CRDI engines operated with LGB20 fuel.
Australia's National Lung Cancer Screening Program—It's Time to Address the Stigma in the Room
Authors: Rose Shiho , McFadden Kathleen , Harrison Nathan J. , Dodd Rachael H. , Onwuka Shakira , Paul Christine , Carter‐Bawa Lisa , Brooke Mark , Weber Marianne 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTThe National Lung Cancer Screening Program is commencing in Australia in July 2025. This significant public health initiative will maximise earlier detection of lung cancer and improve outcomes for many Australians. However, the adoption of a screening program for a disease that is stigmatised, given the known links between tobacco smoking and lung cancer, creates barriers for participation. In this perspective, we argue the need to challenge public rhetoric around smoking being a ‘choice’ and the importance of dialogue that is free of judgement and blame towards individuals. We briefly examine initiatives that have been implemented to reduce public stigma and highlight the multi‐level considerations to ensure that everyone, regardless of having smoked or not, receives the quality care and support that they deserve.
Household Portfolios and Monetary Policy
Authors: Alzuabi Raslan , Brown Sarah , Kontonikas Alexandros , Montagnoli Alberto 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACTWe show that expansionary monetary policy is positively (negatively) associated with household portfolio allocation to high‐risk (low‐risk) assets, in line with ‘reaching for yield’ behaviour. Our main findings are based on an analysis of US household‐level data using alternative measures of monetary policy shifts over the period 1999–2007. Using the two‐part Fractional Response Model, we show that changes in the Federal Funds Rate (FFR) have a stronger impact on the decision to hold high‐risk assets relative to the impact on the decision to hold low‐risk assets. In addition, our findings indicate that the impact of FFR changes is stronger for active investors. Finally, our findings are robust over an extended time period (1999–2019) that includes the global financial crisis using a monetary policy measure that accounts for the post‐crisis ZLB period.