bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immune complex binding by immunocamouflaged [poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted] erythrocytes
Authors: Bradley Amanda J. , Scott Mark D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractImmune complexes (IC) are constantly formed at low levels in normal individuals. In humans, the red blood cell (RBC) complement receptor 1 (CR1) plays the dominant role in the IC binding and clearance. Over the last several years, we have investigated the potential utility of immunocamouflaged (methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG] grafted) RBC to attenuate the risk of alloimmunization. Because the grafted polymer nonspecifically camouflages membrane proteins, its effects on CR1 detection and IC binding were assessed. The dose dependent (0–2.5 mM) effects of activated mPEG (CmPEG, 5 kDa; and BTCmPEG, 5 and 20 kDa) on CR1 detection and the binding of artificially generated IC [C3b coated alkaline phosphatase and antialkaline phosphatase complexes] to control and pegylated RBC was investigated by flow cytometry. In contrast to selected non‐ABO blood group antigens, grafted mPEG did not effectively camouflage CR1. Surprisingly, however, even very low grafting concentrations of mPEG (≥0.3 mM) resulted in a ≥95% loss in IC binding. Further reductions in grafting concentration (0.15 and 0.03 mM mPEG) still yielded decreased IC binding of ∼60 and 40%, respectively. Importantly, unactivated mPEG had minimal effects on IC binding. These data demonstrate that even small amounts of grafted mPEG interfere with the multivalent CR1‐IC interaction necessary for high affinity IC binding, hence large volume transfusions of mPEG‐RBC may be contraindicated in patients with pre‐existing IC disease. Whether this concern is of clinical significance in healthy humans is less clear due to dilutional effects and the presence of secondary clearance pathways. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Increased γ‐globin gene expression in β‐thalassemia intermedia patients correlates with a mutation in 3′HS1
Authors: Papachatzopoulou Adamantia , Kaimakis Polynikis , Pourfarzad Farzin , Menounos Panagiotis G. , Evangelakou Panagiota , Kollia Panagoula , Grosveld Frank G. , Patrinos George P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe report a novel set of genetic markers in the DNaseI hypersensitive sites comprising the human β‐globin locus chromatin hub (CH), namely HS‐111 and 3′HS1. The HS‐111 (−21 G>A) and 3′HS1 (+179 C>T) transitions form CH haplotypes, which occur at different frequencies in β‐thalassemia intermedia and major patients and normal (nonthalassemic) individuals. We also show that the 3′HS1 (+179 C>T) variation results in a GATA‐1 binding site and correlates with increased fetal hemoglobin production in β‐thalassemia intermedia patients. In contrast, the HS‐111 (+126 G>A) transition, found in three normal chromosomes, is simply a rare polymorphism. We conclude that the CH haplotypes are useful genetic determinants for β‐thalassemia major and intermedia patients, while the 3′HS1 (+179 C>T) mutation may have functional consequences in γ‐globin genes expression. Am. J. Hematol., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ovarian failure in ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2
Authors: Lynch David R. , Braastad Corey D. , Nagan Narasimhan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAtaxia with oculomotor apraxia type 2 (AOA2) is an autosomal recessive disorder associated with mutations in the Senataxin (SETX) gene. Clinical manifestations (ataxia, peripheral neuropathy, oculomotor apraxia) of this disease have previously been limited to the nervous system. We describe a patient homozygous for a novel mutation of SETX who manifested not only ataxia but also ovarian failure. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mehrphotonen‐Mikrofabrikation
Authors: LaFratta Christopher N. , Fourkas John T. , Baldacchini Tommaso , Farrer Richard A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractChemische und physikalische Prozesse, die auf Mehrphotonenabsorption beruhen, ermöglichen die Herstellung komplexer dreidimensionaler Mikrostrukturen mit einer Auflösung von 100 nm. Seit der experimentellen Realisierung der Mehrphotonenabsorption vor nicht einmal zehn Jahren wurden in diesem Bereich rasch Fortschritte erzielt, und Mehrphotonentechniken werden heute für die Herstellung funktionsfähiger Mikrosysteme eingesetzt. In diesem Aufsatz diskutieren wir die Techniken und Materialien, die für die Mehrphotonen‐Mikrofabrikation verwendet werden, sowie bereits beschriebene und gegenwärtig angestrebte Anwendungen. Wir betrachten auch die Perspektiven dieses Felds für Forschung und Industrie.
Ferrocene‐based derivative bearing phenol group recognitive sites: efficient H2PO4− receptor
Authors: Shang X. F. , Lin H. , Xu X. F. , Jiang P. , Lin H. K. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTwo artificial receptors, bearing ferrocene and phenol groups, were synthesized and their anion‐binding properties were evaluated for F−, Cl−, Br−, I−, AcO− and $\hbox{H}_{2}\hbox{PO}_{4}^{-}$ by UV–vis, 1H NMR titration and cyclic voltammetry experiments in order to research the effect of different substituents on anion‐recognition properties. Results indicate that the anion binding abilities can be effectively tuned by introducing a nitro group in the ortho position of the phenyl ring of the receptors, and the most obvious effect is for $\hbox{H}_{2}\hbox{PO}_{4}^{-}$. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A novel route to perovskite lead zirconate from lead glycolate and sodium tris(glycozirconate) via the sol–gel process
Authors: Tangboriboon N. , Jamieson A. , Sirivat A. , Wongkasemjit S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA perovskite lead zirconate was synthesized, using lead glycolate and sodium tris (glycozirconate) as the starting precursors, by the sol–gel process. The obtained molar ratio Pb:Zr of PbZrO3 was 0.9805:1. The TGA–DSC characterizations indicated that the percentage of ceramic yield was 56.4, close to the calculated chemical composition of 59.6. The exothermic peak occurred at 245.7 °C, close to the theoretical Curie temperature of 230 °C. The pyrolysis of PbZrO3 of the perovskite phase was investigated in terms of calcination temperature and time. The structure obtained was the orthorhombic form when calcined at low temperature at 300 °C for 1 h; it transformed to the monoclinic and cubic forms of the perovskite phase at higher temperatures above the Curie temperature as verified by X‐ray data. The lead zirconate synthesized and calcined at 300 °C for 1 h has the highest dielectric constant, the highest electrical conductivity and the dielectric loss tangent of 2267, 3.058 × 10−4 (Ω m)−1 and 2.484 at 1000 Hz, respectively. The lead zirconate powder produced has potential applications as materials used in microelectronics and microelectromechanical systems. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Activation of the calcium‐added coal combustion solid residues
Authors: Liu Hao , Qiu Jianrong , Kong Fanhai , Wu Hui , Zeng Hancai , Xie Changsheng , Zhou Huaichun 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA novel method is proposed to change the mineral composition of low‐calcium coal ash and get higher value‐added solid residues during coal combustion by means of adding calcium‐based additives in order to promote ash utilization. To investigate the heterogeneous reaction mechanisms of inorganic constituents in coal and additives, based on the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation results, combustion (calcination) experiments of the mixture of coal/coal ash and additives were conducted on testing facilities such as a high temperature reactor, a drop tube furnace and a single burner furnace, respectively. The mineral composition of the combustion (calcination) solid products was analyzed by SQXRD; moreover, solid reaction process as well as the influencing factors were also investigated. The activation and potential utilization of calcium‐added ash are discussed according to the generated mineral species, concentration and hydration capacity. On the basis of experimental results, the optimal conditions are proposed to realize coal ash activation and modification in terms of CaO content, temperature and residence time. Copyright © 2007 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pectin and acrylamide based hydrogels for environment management technologies: Synthesis, characterization, and metal ions sorption
Authors: Chauhan Ghanshyam S. , Kumari Anita , Sharma Rakesh 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe present article describes various aspects of preparation and characterization of hydrogels based on pectin and three different amide monomers viz: acrylamide (AAm), N‐isopropyl acrylamide (N‐i‐PAAm), and 2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propane sulfonic acid (AAmPSA). Hydrogels have been prepared by graft copolymerization as well as in the presence of crosslinker N,N‐Methylene bisacrylamide ((N,N‐MBAAm) and initiated by redox system comprising of ammonium peroxysulphate–ferrous ammonium sulfate (APS: FAS) at two temperatures. Hydrogels thus synthesized have been characterized by SEM, FTIR, and water uptake studies. The later has been carried as a function of time, temperature, pH, crosslinker concentration, and temperature at which the hydrogels were prepared. Candidate hydrogels have been used for the sorption of some common metal ions pollutants found in soil, industrial, and mining water bodies. Biodegradability studies have been carried by soil burial method to investigate the effect of chemical modification on biodegradability of pectin and to understand the possibility of eco‐friendly nature and to explore the scope of reusability of the hydrogels and waste minimization. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Long‐lasting plasma membrane permeabilization in mammalian cells by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF)
Authors: Pakhomov Andrei G. , Kolb Juergen F. , White Jody A. , Joshi Ravindra P. , Xiao Shu , Schoenbach Karl H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe barrier function of plasma membrane in nsPEF‐exposed mammalian cells was examined using whole‐cell patch‐clamp techniques. A specialized setup for nsPEF exposure of individual cells in culture was developed and characterized for artifact‐free compatibility with the patch‐clamp method. For the first time, our study provides experimental evidence that even a single 60‐ns pulse at 12 kV/cm can cause a profound and long‐lasting (minutes) reduction of the cell membrane resistance (Rm), accompanied by the loss of the membrane potential. Rm measured in GH3, PC‐12, and Jurkat cells (but not in HeLa cells) in 80–120 s after nsPEF exposure was decreased about threefold, and its gradual recovery could take 15 min. Multiple pulses enhanced permeabilization, for example, Rm in GH3 cells fell about 10‐fold after a train of five pulses. Within studied limits, permeabilization did not depend on the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, Cs+, Cd2+, EGTA, tetraethylammonium, or 4‐aminopyridine in the pipette or bath solutions. Our results supported theoretical model predictions of plasma membrane poration by nsPEF. However, the extended decrease in Rm, assumed to be related to the life span of the pores, and different nsPEF sensitivity of individual cell lines have yet to be explained. The phenomenon of long‐lived membrane permeabilization provides new insights on the nature of nsPEF‐opened conductance pores and on molecular mechanisms that underlie nsPEF bioeffects. Bioelectromagnetics 28:655–663, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Coping with plagiarism and grading load: Randomized programming assignments and reflective grading
Authors: Spinellis Diomidis , Zaharias Panagiotis , Vrechopoulos Adam 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProgramming assignments often suffer from plagiarism and lack of feedback. The Jarpeb system creates individually randomized assignments, grades the students' programs by utilizing Java's reflective evaluation capabilities, and allows students to submit their grade through the web by signing their grade with a cryptographically strong checksum. Jarpeb's empirical evaluation included as the dependent variables important learners' dimensions: plagiarism, understanding, learning, fairness, difficulty, fun, and interest. The results indicate that Jarpeb contributes to the reduction of plagiarism, increases the understanding, and learning of the course subject while also increasing the perceived fairness, fun, and interest of the learners. The system, however, proved to increase the difficulty of the related exercises. We discuss the implications for educators and outline specific future research directions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ. 15: 113–123, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20096
The simulation of the simple batch distillation of multiple‐component mixtures via Rayleigh's equation
Authors: Liu Sean X. , Peng Ming 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSimple batch distillation has the advantages of versatility and flexibility in treating different mixtures. A mathematical model was developed for predicting distillation results for multicomponent systems based on Rayleigh equation. A Microsoft Excel Visual Basic (VB) Macro program was coded for inputting property data, carrying out calculations, and presenting outcomes in both table and graphic forms. The simulation can be conducted using the VB Macro program when users‐specified inputs in mole, volume, or weight are entered. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ. 15: 198–204, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20098
An AT89S52 microcontroller‐based single board computer for teaching an instrumentation system course
Authors: Khairurrijal  , Munir Muhammad M. , Suhendi Asep , Thaha Hendrayana , Budiman Maman 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA single board computer (SBC) based on the AT89S52 (a member of MCS‐51 family) microcontroller with an ADC, serial and parallel communications, and input/output devices such as a pushbutton, a keypad, LEDs, 7‐segment displays, and an LCD was developed for teaching an instrumentation system course to the sophomore students. Five microcontroller‐related laboratory experiments offered to the students within the 15‐week semester are (i) basic programming of the microcontroller, (ii) interfacing the DIP switches, LEDs, and 7‐segment displays, (iii) application of the analog multiplexer and the ADC with the LCD, (iv) serial communication and application of the HyperTerminal, and (v) measurement of water temperature, displaying the measurement result, and application of the LabView. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ. 15: 166–173, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20107
A web‐based virtual laboratory for teaching automatic control
Authors: Granado Ernesto , Colmenares William , Strefezza Miguel , Alonso Alfonso 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes a web‐based virtual laboratory that improves the automatic control teaching of undergraduate courses. This is achieved by optimizing the time the students spend in the real laboratory. The virtual world or three‐dimensional scenes of real laboratory plants gives the students the opportunity to “learning by doing” through web‐based systems at the location they want, and at the time they like. This virtual laboratory gives the students the tools to be more prepared and therefore, use the time more efficiently and effectively when working in the real laboratory plant. The student does not require the installation of special software on his remote computer; only need a common VRML enabled browser. An example of a developed virtual laboratory of interconnected tanks is presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ. 15: 192–197, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20111
The involvement of IL‐10, IL‐6, IFN‐γ, TNF‐α and TGF‐β gene polymorphisms among Turkish lung cancer patients
Authors: Colakogullari Mukaddes , Ulukaya Engin , Yilmaztepe Oral Arzu , Aymak Figen , Basturk Bilkay , Ursavas Ahmet , Oral H. Barbaros 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSeveral genes encoding different cytokines may play crucial roles in host susceptibility to lung cancer, since cytokine production capacity varies among individuals and depends on cytokine gene polymorphisms. The association between cytokine gene polymorphisms with primary lung carcinoma was investigated. DNA samples were obtained from a Turkish population of 44 patients with primary lung cancer, and 59 healthy control subjects. All genotyping (IFN‐γ, TGF‐β1, TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐10) experiments were performed using sequence‐specific primers (SSP)‐PCR. When compared to the healthy controls, the frequencies of high/intermediate producing genotypes of IL‐10 and low producing genotype of TNF‐α were significantly more common in the patient group. It is noteworthy that lung cancer patients with the TGF‐β T/T genotype in codon 10 had statistically longer survival compared to those having the C/C genotype (Kaplan–Meier survival function test, log rank significance = 0.014). These results suggest that IL‐10, TNF‐α and TGF‐β1 gene polymorphisms may affect host susceptibility to lung cancer and the outcome of the patients. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Laudatio to Professor D. Luc Massart (1941–2005), educator, organizer, and scientist
Authors: Lewi Paul J. , Smeyers‐Verbeke Johanna 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe intention of this laudatio is to portray how the educational, organizational, and scientific achievements of Professor D. Luc Massart affected the life and work of his contemporaries and will influence that of the next generations of scientists and professionals. Our perspective, therefore, is more toward the future than the past. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Visible Light Induced Catalytic Water Reduction without an Electron Relay
Authors: Tinker Leonard L. , McDaniel Neal D. , Curtin Peter N. , Smith Courtney K. , Ireland Michael J. , Bernhard Stefan 
Published: July 2007

AbstractProtons from water are reduced by a catalytic system composed of a heteroleptic iridium(III) photosensitizer [Ir(ppy)2(bpy)]+, platinum catalyst, and sacrificial reductant. The hydrogen quantum yield reaches 0.26 in this study, which proceeds via reductive quenching of the excited photosensitizer by triethanolamine. This simplified approach allows the characterization of degradation products that are otherwise obscured in more complex systems. A novel 16‐well setup for parallel kinetic analysis of H2 evolution enables high‐throughput screening of reaction conditions and quantization of the decaying reaction rate. DFT calculations rationalize the differences between this and previous studies on tris‐diimine ruthenium(II) photosensitizers.
Homoleptic Rare‐Earth Metal(III) Tetramethylaluminates: Structural Chemistry, Reactivity, and Performance in Isoprene Polymerization
Authors: Zimmermann Melanie , Frøystein Nils Åge , Fischbach Andreas , Sirsch Peter , Dietrich H. Martin , Törnroos Karl W. , Herdtweck Eberhardt , Anwander Reiner 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe complexes [Ln(AlMe4)3] (Ln=Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Ho, Lu) have been synthesized by an amide elimination route and the structures of [Lu{(μ‐Me)2AlMe2}3], [Sm{(μ‐Me)2AlMe2}3], [Pr{(μ‐Me)2AlMe2}3], and [La{(μ‐Me)2AlMe2}2{(μ‐Me)3AlMe}] determined by X‐ray crystallography. These structures reveal a distinct Ln3+cation size‐dependency. A comprehensive insight into the intrinsic properties and solution coordination phenomena of [Ln(AlMe4)3] complexes has been gained from extended dynamic1H and13C NMR spectroscopic studies, as well as 1D89Y, 2D1H/89Y, and27Al NMR spectroscopic investigations. [Ce(AlMe4)3] and [Pr(AlMe4)3] have been used as alkyl precursors for the synthesis of heterobimetallic alkylated rare‐earth metal complexes. Both carboxylate and siloxide ligands can be introduced by methane elimination reactions that give the heterobimetallic complexes [Ln{(O2CAriPr)2(μ‐AlMe2)}2(AlMe4)(C6H14)n] and [Ln{OSi(OtBu)3}(AlMe3)(AlMe4)2], respectively. [Pr{OSi(OtBu)3}(AlMe3)(AlMe4)2] has been characterized by X‐ray structure analysis. All of the cerium and praseodymium complexes are used as precatalysts in the stereospecific polymerization of isoprene (1–3 equivalents of Et2AlCl as co‐catalyst) and compared to the corresponding neodymium‐based initiators reported previously. The superior catalytic performance of the homoleptic complexes leads to quantitative yields of high‐cis‐1,4‐polyisoprene (>98 %) in almost all of the polymerization experiments. In the case of the binary catalyst mixtures derived from carboxylate or siloxide precatalysts quantitative formation of polyisoprene is only observed fornLn:nCl=1:2. The influence of the metal size is illustrated for the heterobimetallic lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, and gadolinium carboxylate complexes, and the highest activities are observed for praseodymium as a metal center in the presence of one equivalent of Et2AlCl.
Giant Polyniobate Clusters Based on [Nb7O22]9− Units Derived from a Nb6O19 Precursor
Authors: Niu Jingyang , Ma Pengtao , Niu Hongyu , Li Jie , Zhao Junwei , Song You , Wang Jingping 
Published: July 2007

AbstractRational self‐assembly of hexaniobate Lindqvist‐type precursor [HNb6O19]7− with soluble Cu2+ salts utilizing different strategies produces a series of giant polyniobate clusters, namely, (H2en)1.25[Cu(en)2(H2O)]2Cl4[Nb24O72H21.5]⋅7 H2O (1; en: ethylenediamine), [Cu(en)2]3[Cu(en)2(H2O)]9[{H2Nb6O19}⊂{[({KNb24O72H10.25}{Cu(en)2})2{Cu3(en)3(H2O)3}{Na1.5Cu1.5(H2O)8}{Cu(en)2}4]6}]⋅144 H2O (2), K12Na4[H23NaO8Cu24(Nb7O22)8]⋅106 H2O (3), and K16Na12[H9Cu25.5O8(Nb7O22)8]⋅ 73.5 H2O (4). Their structures were determined and further characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, IR and Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and elemental analysis. Structural analyses reveal that compound 2 comprises a giant capsule anion based on a wheel‐shaped cluster encapsulating a Lindqvist diprotonated cluster [H2Nb6O19]6− unit, and forms a honeycomb‐like structure with the inclusion of Lindqvist‐type anions [H2Nb6O19]6− in the holes, whereas 3 and 4 represent an unprecedented giant cube‐shaped framework. All the compounds are built from [Nb7O22]9− fundamental building blocks. Solution Raman spectroscopy studies of 2 and 3 reveal that the solid‐state structures of these polyniobate cluster anions disassemble and exist in the form of the [Nb6O19]8− unit in solution. Magnetic susceptibility measurement of 3 shows antiferromagnetic coupling interactions between CuII ions with the spin‐canting phenomenon.