bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Holy Lemons! Learning from children's uses of the Internet in out‐of‐school contexts
Authors: Burnett Cathy , Wilkinson Jeff 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe Internet offers new possibilities for engaging with information and is associated with a wide range of literacy practices. National guidance in the United Kingdom on ‘reading the web’, however, has focused largely on the different skills children may need to learn in school to navigate web‐based texts successfully. Here it is argued that much can be learned both about the potential of the web and of the kinds of reading associated with it by examining children's use of the Internet outside school. This article therefore begins with an overview of particular features of on‐screen reading and the different practices and orientations towards knowledge associated with this. It then reports on the use of the Internet out of school by a group of Year 6 children. It explores the purposes for which these children access the Internet, the attitudes and orientations they demonstrate in their approach to web‐based texts, and their own perceptions of what has enabled them to develop as Internet users. This exploration highlights the way that children may experiment and innovate in their use of the Internet out of school, and in doing so demonstrate considerable autonomy. These findings are used to make suggestions for framing and supporting children's Internet use in school.
ETHNIC AND GENDER DIFFERENCES IN INTERGENERATIONAL MOBILITY: A STUDY OF 26‐YEAR‐OLDS IN THE USA
Authors: Nguyen Anh , Haile Getinet , Taylor Jim 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper uses the traditional income framework and a non‐monetary framework to estimate intergenerational mobility in economic status for a sample of 26‐year‐old whites, blacks and Hispanics in the USA using data from the first and fifth sweeps of the National Educational Longitudinal Study (1988 and 2000). Intergenerational income mobility is found to be greater for males than for females, although there are differences between whites, blacks and Hispanics. Transition probabilities indicate that Hispanics are the most upwardly mobile in terms of educational attainment and occupational status. Ordered logits are used to estimate the impact of parental education and occupation on educational and occupational outcomes.
EVALUATING THE IMPACTS OF SUBSIDIES ON INNOVATION ACTIVITIES IN GERMANY
Authors: Hujer Reinhard , Radić Dubravko 
Published: October 2005

AbstractInnovations are a key factor to ensure the competitiveness of establishments as well as to enhance the growth and wealth of nations. But more than any other economic activity, decisions about innovations are plagued by failures of the market mechanism. As a response, public instruments have been implemented to stimulate private innovation activities. The effectiveness of these measures, however, is ambiguous and calls for an empirical evaluation. In this paper we make use of the IAB Establishment Panel and apply various microeconometric methods to estimate the effect of public measures on innovation activities of German establishments. We find that neglecting sample selection due to observable as well as to unobservable characteristics leads to an overestimation of the treatment effect and that there are considerable differences with regard to size class and between West and East German establishments.
TAXATION AND CENTRALISED WAGE SETTING: THE CASE OF ENDOGENOUS LABOUR SUPPLY
Authors: Kilponen Juha , Sinko Pekka 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe implications of centralised wage setting for the relationship between taxation, wages and employment are studied allowing for endogenous adjustment in work hours. We show that centralisation promotes wage moderation, makes wages and employment less sensitive to changes in wage taxation and reduces the hours worked. With an individual supply of working hours, a wage tax can even improve employment if wage setting is centralised and marginal utility from a public good is sufficiently high. Moreover, if a profit tax is used to finance public expenditure, higher tax reduces wages and improves employment.
ON THE SOURCES OF THE INFLATION BIAS AND OUTPUT VARIABILITY
Authors: Piga Gustavo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWhy do dynamic inconsistencies in monetary policy exist? In this paper, a traditional model with output inefficiencies is introduced, but monetary policy is allowed to be influenced by the various constituencies in the economy that pressure Congress in turn to pressure the Central Bank to adopt a particular policy stance. This paper shows that in this economy an inflation bias arises because of the lobbying pressures of outsiders. Furthermore, it shows that if lobbying pressures are high enough, an inflation bias cannot be avoided for any finite level of Central Bank independence. It also shows that introducing the realistic feature of lobbying pressures has an impact on the stabilization properties of monetary policy. When a supply shock occurs, the shock is totally absorbed by a non‐myopic trade union, which has no lobbying costs. This is independent of any finite degree of conservativeness of the central banker, who has to accept an extreme increase in price instability. It is shown that monetary policy delegation is therefore sub‐optimal in achieving price stability compared with labor‐market reforms meant to remove monopsonistic elements. However, the same structural policies will induce greater output instability by strengthening the power of conservative central bankers.
DO PLAYERS REACT TO SANCTION CHANGES? EVIDENCE FROM THE ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE
Authors: Witt Robert 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper evaluates the impact on three types of offences, red card fouls, yellow card fouls, and no‐card fouls of Fédération Internationale de Football Association's introduction of a rule change in 1998 by exploiting the competitive variation in English Premier League football games over two seasons. A key result of this paper is that as more offences became eligible for red cards, the number of red cards did not increase after the introduction of the new law. The results indicate that the relationship between non‐red card fouls and many of their determinants appears to have changed significantly between the 1997–8 and 1998–9 seasons. The findings in the paper are consistent with the view that an increase in the severity of the sanction associated with a tackle from behind raised the number of no‐card and yellow card fouls.
OUTCOME UNCERTAINTY AND THE COUCH POTATO AUDIENCE
Authors: Forrest David , Simmons Robert , Buraimo Babatunde 
Published: October 2005

AbstractPrevious studies of attendance demand for professional team sports have failed to yield clear‐cut findings on the importance of outcome uncertainty to consumers. But potentially fewer problems should arise in examining the link between outcome uncertainty and demand in the television market for team sports, which of the case of English Premier League football is in fact a more important component in total club revenue. This study models both the choice of which games to show and the size of audience attracted by each game, exploiting data on audience sizes for games between 1993 and 2002. We propose a new measure of match outcome uncertainty and, from our results, both the broadcaster and the audience appear interested in competitive balance.
Interpersonal Behavior, Peer Popularity, and Self‐esteem in Early Adolescence
Authors: De Bruyn Eddy H. , Van Den Boom Dymphna C. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present study compared the behavioral correlates of sociometric popularity status and consensual popularity status among a large group of children (N= 778) in their first year of secondary school. By means of self‐report and classmates’ nomination procedures, the relative contribution of the two types of popularity to peer role strain and self‐esteem were investigated. Results indicated large differences in the behavioral correlates of both types of popularity: Sociometric popularity is largely related to cooperative behavior and being perceived as popular. Consensual popularity is highly related to fashion style and being perceived as not boring. The two types of popu‐larity were uniquely related to self‐esteem levels. Consensual popularity was directly linked to social self‐esteem; sociometric popularity appeared to be linked to self‐esteem through the reduction of peer role strain levels. The results are discussed in the light of social psychological theories of dominance and prestige among children.
Maternal and Child Anxiety: Do Attachment Beliefs or Children's Perceptions of Maternal Control Mediate Their Association?
Authors: Costa Natalie M. , Weems Carl F. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study tested a model of the association between maternal and child anxiety that views mother and child attachment beliefs and children's perceptions of maternal control as mediators of the association. The study was conducted with mothers and their children aged 6 to 17 (N = 88). Maternal anxiety was significantly associated with child anxiety and maternal anxious attachment beliefs, whereas child anxiety was associated with maternal anxious attachment beliefs, child insecure attachment beliefs, and children's perceptions of maternal control. Maternal anxious attachment beliefs mediated the association between maternal and child anxiety; however, child attachment beliefs and children's perceptions of maternal control did not. The influence of age and gender is also addressed. The findings are discussed in terms of elucidating the role of attachment beliefs and children's perceptions of maternal control on the association between maternal and child anxiety.
Parent–Child Emotional Communication and Children's Coping in Middle Childhood
Authors: Gentzler Amy L. , Contreras‐Grau Josefina M. , Kerns Kathryn A. , Weimer Barbara L. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractParent–child communication regarding children's negative emotions and coping were examined in a sample of 75 5th graders (53% boys) and their mothers and fathers. We predicted that emotionally open communication between a parent and his or her child would be related to children's use of constructive coping strategies. Parents reported on how they react to their child's negative emotions, and children reported on how much they share their negative feelings with each parent. Additionally, emotional communication was measured during a parent–child discussion task involving an event that was upsetting to the child. The results indicated that emotional communication, as reported by mothers, fathers, and children, as well as mother–child observed communication, were related to children's coping strategies. The findings point to a need to assess emotional communication using multiple measures that tap both the child's and the parents’ perspectives and that use different methodologies.
Emotion Knowledge Skills in Low‐income Elementary School Children: Associations with Social Status and Peer Experiences
Authors: Miller Alison L. , Gouley Kathleen Kiely , Seifer Ronald , Zakriski Audrey , Eguia Maria , Vergnani Michael 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis short‐term longitudinal study examined relations between emotion knowledge and social functioning in a sample of low‐income kindergarten and 1st graders. Individual differences in spontaneous emotion naming and emotion recognition skills were used to predict children's social functioning at school, including peer‐nominated sociometric status, and child self‐reports of negative experiences with peers in school (peer victimization and rejection). Children who had greater emotional vocabulary and recognized emotions more accurately had better outcomes in all areas, and many of the associations between fall emotion knowledge skills and spring social functioning outcomes held after covarying grade and children's previous status with regard to these outcomes. Results are discussed with regard to implications for prevention and intervention programs (e.g., the PATHS curriculum) that focus on teaching emotion knowledge skills in order to foster high‐risk children's social competence.
Nice and Nasty Theory of Mind in Preschool Children: Nature and Nurture
Authors: Ronald Angelica , Happé Francesca , Hughes Claire , Plomin Robert 
Published: October 2005

AbstractExperimental research suggests the differentiation of ‘nice’ and ‘nasty’ theory of mind (ToM). Over 5000 parents from the Twins Early Development Study reported on nice (e.g., being considerate) and nasty (e.g., blaming others) behaviours following their twins’ second, third, and fourth birthdays. Factor analyses yielded four factors and it was proposed that these related to prosocial behaviour necessitating ToM (Nice ToM), antisocial behaviour necessitating ToM (Nasty ToM), and prosocial and antisocial behaviour not necessitating ToM (Nice and Nasty). Interscale correlations, gender differences, and their relationship with language were consistent with this distinction. Both ToM scales showed moderate heritability and significant environmental influences (shared and nonshared). Bivariate analyses indicated somewhat distinct aetiological influences on Nice ToM versus Nasty ToM. However, further research is needed to confirm whether this distinction reflects interactions between ToM and temperament, or two underlying genetic and cognitively distinct ToM abilities.
Effects of Nurturing and Non‐nurturing Caregiving on Child Social Initiatives: An Experimental Investigation of Emotion as a Mediator of Social Behavior1
Authors: Karrass Jan , Walden Tedra A. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis study examined the effects of one unfamiliar adult's warm, responsive interactions or cold, aloof, unresponsive interactions on child emotion and subsequent social initiatives to a second adult. Participants were 32 41/2‐ to 51/2‐year‐old preschool children. Nurturing, responsive caregiving and non‐nurturing, unresponsive caregiving were experimentally manipulated by experimenter facial and vocal affective expressions, positive versus negative statements to the child, and contingency of responding to the child's behavior. The effect of nurturance was examined on child emotions and social initiatives to another adult. Non‐nurturing caregiving produced less expressed happiness and fewer subsequent social initiatives. Furthermore, child emotion was found to mediate partially the relation between nurturing caregiving and social initiatives, with children who experienced interactions with a non‐nurturing caregiver expressing less happiness, which led to decreased social initiatives to a second adult.
The Covariance Structure of East and West German Incomes and its Implications for the Persistence of Poverty and Inequality
Authors: Biewen Martin 
Published: October 2005

AbstractBased on data from the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP), this paper analyzes the dynamics of equivalent income in East and West Germany in the years following reunification. Special emphasis is given to the separation of permanent and transitory components, the persistence of transitory shocks and their implications for the persistence of poverty and inequality. The results suggest that in West Germany, between 52 and 69 per cent of cross-sectional income inequality was permanent, and that poor individuals stayed in poverty for two years on average. In East Germany, the share of the permanent component in overall income inequality rose continuously from 20 per cent in 1990 to 72 per cent in 1998, reaching a level near the one that prevailed in West Germany during the same period. The rising importance of time-invariant components in East German incomes was also reflected in expected poverty durations which slightly increased from 1.47 years in 1990 to 1.67 years in 1998.
Perifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens
Authors: Ljubojevic S , Pasic A , Lipozencic J , Skerlev M 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTPerifolliculitis capitis abscedens et suffodiens (PCAS) is rare chronic, suppurative and inflammatory scalp disease. Its aetiology and pathogenesis is not completely understood. The treatment is usually difficult and often disappointing.We report a case of 29‐year‐old male who presented with tender, fluctuant nodules and abscesses, with draining pus and patchy alopecia on his scalp for 3 years. A skin biopsy from scalp lesions revealed features that are characteristic of perifolliculitis. Initially, the patient was treated with periodic incision and drainage of the scalp abscesses. The answer was very poor. When admitted to our department, isotretinoin was started at daily dose of 30 mg, because initially his cholesterol and triglyceride levels were mildly increased. When dose was reduced to 10 mg the levels of cholesterol and triglyceride remained normal. A response to treatment was excellent and rapid.The treatment of PCAS represents usually difficulties and frustration for both the patient and the physician. A long course of isotretinoin can be considered as one of the most effective treatment for PCAS.
An effective surgical treatment for nail thickening in Darier's disease
Authors: Baran R 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTBackground  Nail thickening of idiopathic or hereditary aetiology originating in the matrix is difficult to treat.Objective  The purpose is to describe an easy surgical technique to reduce the thickness of the nail.Methods and results  The result is achieved by shortening the matrix with an excellent cosmetic appearance in the newly formed nail plate.Conclusion  Nail thickening in Darier's disease originating in the matrix, and other similar hereditary or idiopathic conditions, may benefit from this surgical approach.
Recurrent epithelioid angiosarcoma of the scalp simulating melanoma. A 10‐year follow‐up
Authors: Verdolini R , Goteri G , Criante P , Giangiacomi M , Cerio R 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTWe present a case of an intriguing mesenchymal neoplasm of the scalp that recurred several times over 10 years before a final diagnosis was possible. The case was sent for expert opinions to various international dermatopathological authorities and was, for a long time, unanimously interpreted as malignant melanoma. This diagnosis was supported by immunohistochemical examinations demonstrating S‐100 positivity. Nevertheless, the clinical behaviour, as well as some histopathological features raised doubt regarding the diagnosis. Only after the last recurrence, followed by a repeat extensive immunohistochemical study, the diagnosis of epithelioid angiosarcoma was made. Histologically malignant melanoma can be highly misleading and in literature, reports of misinterpreted cases of melanoma are published. In contrast, tumours that can simulate melanoma are also not infrequent and it is essential to perform immunohistochemistry to confirm diagnosis and exclude a melanocytic lesion.
Interaction of legislation and prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases with focus on syphilis and gonorrhoea in the Czech Republic – review to year 2003
Authors: Resl V , Kumpová M 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTIntroduction  A large increase in syphilis prevalence was noted in the Czech Republic during the last decade. It was associated with prostitution in cities and especially in areas bordering more economically developed countries. Foreigners account for more than 50% of this increase. Absence of legislative regulations contributes to this situation.Objective  To demonstrate the necessity of setting sexually transmitted disease (STD) fighting priority in the Czech Republic.Methods  The authors review the development of legislation related to STDs in the context of geopolitical changes and the epidemiological situation in the Czech Republic by relating epidemiological, geopolitical and economic data.Results  Venereal‐diseases‐related regulatory codes have existed in the Czech Republic for years; however, they became fragmented in several regulations and often do not have the status of law. It is a consequence of the transformation of the entire state health care delivery system to a private system. The treatment of foreigners, refugees and uninsured people is a major problem.Conclusion  It is necessary to focus on special populations, such as homeless people, immigrants and prostitutes. It is desirable to strengthen international cooperation in combating STD as well as prostitution. Relevant legislation should be introduced to correlate the existing regulations and bring them up to date.
Parry–Romberg syndrome in association with anti‐dsDNA antibodies: a case report
Authors: Gonul M , Dogan B , Izci Y , Varol G 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTParry–Romberg syndrome (PRS) is a rare and puzzling disorder that is characterized by progressive hemifacial atrophy. It involves mainly some or all tissues of one side of the face. A case of 21‐year‐old Caucasian man with hemifacial atrophy in the right facial region is reported. Serological studies with anti‐single‐stranded DNA (anti‐ssDNA), anti‐double‐stranded DNA (anti‐dsDNA), anticentromere (ACA) and antinuclear (ANA) antibodies were done. Anti‐dsDNA antibodies was found positive, but the others were negative. Rheumatoid factor (RF) was also negative. Since PRS is rare and its association with anti‐dsDNA antibodies was not reported before, this case appears to be the first report.
Impetigo herpetiformis with hyperparathyroidism
Authors: Wolf R , Tartler U , Stege H , Megahed M , Ruzicka T 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTImpetigo herpetiformis, first described by Hebra, is a rare pustular disorder that primarily affects pregnant women and it is often complicated by an increased risk of spontaneous abortion. A commonly associated hypocalcemia often appears with hypoparathyroidism. Here we report a case of complicated impetigo herpetiformis without hypocalcemia paired with a compensatory hyperparathyroidism.
Assessment of the immune system in 55 Iranian patients with vitiligo
Authors: Farrokhi S , Hojjat‐Farsangi M , Noohpisheh MK , Tahmasbi R , Rezaei N 
Published: October 2005

ABSTRACTBackground  Vitiligo is an acquired idiopathic hypomelanotic disorder characterized by circumscribed depigmented macules resulting from the loss of cutaneous melanocytes.Objective  In order to evaluate the immune system of Iranian patients with vitiligo, this study was accomplished.Methods  Fifty‐five Iranian patients with vitiligo and 60 healthy persons as control were investigated in this study. The laboratory techniques were included: antimelanocyte antibody (AMA) and antinuclear antibody (ANA) with indirect immunoflorescent test, C3 and C4 levels with single radial immunodiffusion (SRID), and rheumatoid factor (RF) with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results  AMA was positive in 17 patients (30.9%) and was negative in the entire control group (P < 0.0001). ANA was positive in 4 patients (7.3%), which was insignificantly higher than control group (1.7%). IgM‐RF was positive in 6 patients (10.8%) while it was negative in the entire control group (P = 0.027). C3 and C4 values decreased in 14 patients (25.5%), which was significantly higher than control group (P < 0.001).Conclusion  The important role of the immune system in the pathogenesis of vitiligo could be suggested. In addition, the autoimmune hypothesis of vitiligo could be confirmed based on the results of this study.