bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeled gravitational unloading induced downregulation of endothelin‐1 in human endothelial cells
Authors: Infanger Manfred , Ulbrich Claudia , Baatout Sarah , Wehland Markus , Kreutz Reinhold , Bauer Johann , Grosse Jirka , Vadrucci Sonia , Cogoli Augusto , Derradji Hanane , Neefs Mieke , Küsters Sabine , Spain Mike , Paul Martin , Grimm Daniela 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMany space missions have shown that prolonged space flights may increase the risk of cardiovascular problems. Using a three‐dimensional clinostat, we investigated human endothelial EA.hy926 cells up to 10 days under conditions of simulated microgravity (µg) to distinguish transient from long‐term effects of µg and 1g. Maximum expression of all selected genes occurred after 10 min of clinorotation. Gene expression (osteopontin, Fas, TGF‐β1) declined to slightly upregulated levels or rose again (caspase‐3) after the fourth day of clinorotation. Caspase‐3, Bax, and Bcl‐2 protein content was enhanced for 10 days of microgravity. In addition, long‐term accumulation of collagen type I and III and alterations of the cytoskeletal alpha‐ and beta‐tubulins and F‐actin were detectable. A significantly reduced release of soluble factors in simulated microgravity was measured for brain‐derived neurotrophic factor, tissue factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and interestingly for endothelin‐1, which is important in keeping cardiovascular balances. The gene expression of endothelin‐1 was suppressed under µg conditions at days 7 and 10. Alterations of the vascular endothelium together with a decreased release of endothelin‐1 may entail post‐flight health hazards for astronauts. J. Cell. Biochem. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1439–1455, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inducible cAMP early repressor splice variants ICER I and IIγ both repress transcription of c‐fos and chromogranin A
Authors: Misund Kristine , Steigedal Tonje S. , Lægreid Astrid , Thommesen Liv 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInducible cAMP early repressor (ICER) splice variants are generated upon activation of an alternative, intronic promoter within the CREM gene. ICER is proposed to downregulate both its own expression, and the expression of other genes, containing cAMP‐responsive promoter elements. To examine the biological function of the two ICER splice variants, I and IIγ, in comparable cellular systems, we generated HEK 293 cell variants with controllable overexpression of either ICER I or IIγ. These two splice variants contain two different variants of DNA binding domains. Overexpression of either ICER I or IIγ strongly represses CRE‐driven reportergene transcription but not AP1‐ or NFκB‐driven transcription. Thus, high specificity is maintained even at ICER overexpression. We here show that both ICER I and IIγ repress Pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP)‐mediated c‐fos mRNA induction with similar efficiency, indicating that both splice variants play an important role in modulating PACAP‐mediated transcriptional activation of the c‐fos gene. ICER I and IIγ also repress cAMP‐mediated activation of chromogranin A (CgA), indicating that these splice variants may function as negative feedback regulators in CgA synthesis. The proliferation rate was not altered in cells overexpressing ICER I or IIγ. Thus, in the epithelial cells HEK 293, ICER I and IIγ splice variants seem to exert similar biological function. J. Cell. Biochem. J. Cell. Biochem. 101: 1532–1544, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
DFT and ab initio calculations on two reactions between hydrogen atoms and the fire suppressants 2‐H heptafluoropropane and CF3Br
Authors: Lee Edmond P. F. , Dyke John M. , Chow Wan‐Ki , Chau Foo‐Tim , Mok Daniel K. W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractReaction enthalpies and barrier heights of the reactions CF3Br + H → CF3 + HBr {reaction (1)} and CF3CHFCF3 + H → CF3CFCF3 + H2 {reaction (2)} have been calculated at the near state‐of‐the‐art ab initio level, and also by employing the B3LYP, BH&HLYP, BB1K, MPW1K, MPWB1K and TPSS1KCIS functionals. In addition, the integrated molecular orbital + molecular orbital (IMOMO) method has been used to study reaction (2). The ab initio benchmark values of the reaction enthalpy (298 K) and barrier height (0 K) of reaction (2) are reported for the first time {−(0.7 ± 0.7) and 13.3 ± 0.5 kcal/mole respectively}. When density functional theory (DFT) results are compared with ab initio benchmarks for both reactions (1) and (2), the MPWB1K functional is found to have the best performance of the six functionals used. The IMOMO method with the RCCSD/aug‐cc‐pVTZ and/or RCCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pVTZ levels, as the high levels of calculation on the model system, gives reaction enthalpies and barrier heights of reaction (2), which agree with ab initio benchmark values to within 1 kcal/mole. Computed key geometrical parameters and imaginary vibrational frequencies of the transition state structures of reactions (1) and (2) obtained at different levels of calculation are compared. The magnitudes of the computed imaginary vibrational frequencies of the transition states of both reactions considered are found to be very sensitive to the levels of calculation used to obtain them. The heat of formation (298 K) of CF3CFCF3 calculated at the near state‐of‐the‐art level has a value of −(318 ± 3) kcal/mole. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Theoretical calculations: Can Gibbs free energy for intermolecular complexes be predicted efficiently and accurately?
Authors: Isayev Olexandr , Gorb Leonid , Leszczynski Jerzy 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe theoretical study has been performed to refine the procedure for calculations of Gibbs free energy with a relative accuracy of less than 1 kcal/mol. Three benchmark intermolecular complexes are examined via several quantum‐chemical methods, including the second‐order Moller‐Plesset perturbation (MP2), coupled cluster (CCSD(T)), and density functional (BLYP, B3LYP) theories augmented by Dunnings correlation‐consistent basis sets. The effects of electron correlation, basis set size, and anharmonicity are systematically analyzed, and the results are compared with available experimental data. The results of the calculations suggest that experimental accuracy can be reached only by extrapolation of MP2 and CCSD(T) total energies to the complete basis set. The contribution of anharmonicity to the zero point energy and TΔSint values is fairly small. The new, economic way to reach chemical accuracy in the calculations of the thermodynamic parameters of intermolecular interactions is proposed. In addition, interaction energy (De) and free energy change (ΔA) for considered species have been evaluated by Carr‐Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations and static BLYP‐plane wave calculations. The free energy change along the reaction paths were determined by the thermodynamic integration/”Blue Moon Ensemble” technique. Comparison between obtained values, and available experimental and conventional ab initio results has been made. We found that the accuracy of CPMD simulations is affected by several factors, including statistical uncertainty and convergence of constrained forces (TD integration), and the nature of DFT (density functional theory) functional. The results show that CPMD technique is capable of reproducing interaction and free energy with an accuracy of 1 kcal/mol and 2–3 kcal/mol respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2007
Advances in diagnostic clinical microbiology: An overview
Authors: Sun Tsieh 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe advances in medical technology in recent years has brought highly progressive developments into diagnostic microbiology. Therefore, it is not feasible to enumerate all the recent advances in clinical microbiology; attempts are made here to discuss only those developments of clinical relevance.The two major aspects of advances in microbiology are the discovery or isolation of new pathogens and the breakthrough in new technology. Of equal importance are some known pathogens which have taken on new roles either as the cause of a new clinical syndrome or as the leading cause of a known clinical syndrome.
The murine subrenal capsule human tumor implant assay
Authors: Stratton Joan A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe murine subrenal capsule assay can be used to estimate the susceptibility of fresh human tumor explants to various antineoplastic agents. As a result, the assay has been proposed as a rapid and accurate preclinical laboratory evaluation to determine the sensitivity of human tumors to chemotherapeutic drugs and thereby to assist the direction of cancer patient treatment. The subrenal capsule assay is described in detail and the predictive accuracy of the assay in the clinical setting is discussed.
Homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for macromolecular antigens using hybrid antibody
Authors: Ashihara Yoshihiro , Nishizono Isao , Suzuki Hiromasa , Kasahara Yasushi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA new homogeneous enzyme immunoassay for the determination of macromolecular antigens has been developed based upon competitive enzyme inhibition using hybrid antibody‐containing anti‐ligand and anti‐enzyme inhibitory antibodies.The hybrid antibody was prepared by the reaction of anti‐glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) mouse IgG maleimide with anti‐human IgM goat IgG‐SH. In the absence of the antigen, the hybrid antibody inhibits the enzyme activity. On the other hand, in the presence of an excess amount of antigen, the hybrid antibody binds to the antigen and is unable to bind with the enzyme.The hybrid antibody inhibited 80% of the original activity of enzyme and saturated the inhibition of G6PDH within 10 min. The enzyme activity was proportional to the concentration of human IgM. The measurable range for IgM was 78 μg/ml to 1 mg/ml. Human IgG present in the serum did not affect this method.
Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of lymphoma and related disorders: Practical aspects of frozen section technique and interpretation
Authors: Robbins Bruce A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis and classification of malignant lymphomas increasingly relies upon analysis of lymphocyte markers. Immunohistochemical techniques applied to frozen sections of lymphoid tissue have the advantage of allowing simultaneous evaluation of both immunologic phenotype and histologic/cytologic features. This paper describes the methodology currently employed in the Scripps institution for lymphocyte marker studies on tissue biopsies, including avidin‐biotin complex (ABC) immunoperoxidase and direct immunoperoxidase techniques. Emphasis is placed on technical aspects of the procedures and pitfalls in interpretation. A detailed listing of monoclonal antibodies against lymphocyte markers is provided, including technical features and important cross reactivities. The results of 60 cases analyzed over a one‐year period are presented. Essential immunophenotypic features of lymphoid hyperplasia, B‐cell lymphomas, T‐cell lymphomas, Hodgkin's disease, thymomas, and undifferentiated carcinoma are discussed.
Diagnostic immunohistochemistry of epithelial neoplasms: Practical aspects of technique and interpretation
Authors: Robb James A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe immunohistochemistry of routine formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded malignant neoplasms is a useful adjunct to morphologic diagnosis. This paper describes the rationale for and the technique of the immunohistochemical profiles that are routinely used for malignant epithelial neoplasms at the Green Hospital. Emphasis is placed on the organ of origin of metastatic neoplasms and on the type of differentiation present (e.g., glandular, squamous, neuroendocrine). Clinical relevance is discussed when appropriate (e.g., breast, lung, and urothelial carcinomas).
Use of a sensitive enzyme immunoassay for human thyrotropin in the diagnosis of hyperthyroidism
Authors: Gupta Manjula K. , Seifarth Karen , Deodhar Sharad D. , Schumacher O. P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive, simultaneous sandwich enzyme immunoassay for TSH was evaluated especially for its ability to distinguish hyperthyroid patients from the euthyroid population. A total of 140 patient samples was analzyed by this assay as well as with a two‐step sandwich radioimmunoassay. The diagnostic sensitivity of the thyrotropin assay was 92.5% and the specificity was 88%. False negatives by thyrotropin assay included two patients with Graves' disease who were being treated with propranolol at the time of testing and one patient who was considered hyperthyroid while receiving synthroid. Twelve patients with elevated free thyroxine index levels were considered euthyroid and 50% of these had thyrotropin values that were undetectable; most were elderly patients with nonthyroidal illnesses. Although the thyrotropin enzyme immunoassay had good sensitivity and precision for the detection of hyperthyroidism, our data suggest the limitation of a single thyrotropin determination in establishing the euthyroid state, especially in elderly patients with associated nonthyroidal illnesses and hyperthyroxinemia.
Clinical update: Cross‐reactive idiotypes and the genetic origin of rheumatoid factors
Authors: Silverman Gregg J. , Fong Sherman , Chen Pojen P. , Carson Dennis A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRheumatoid factors (RFs) are present in a wide spectrum of diseases, but the diversity of these antibodies may vary greatly according to the underlying disease process. To analyze the diversity of these molecules, we have recently developed in the Scripps laboratory three cross‐reactive idiotypic reagents against human monoclonal rheumatoid factors. These reagents detect unique markers associated with the kappa light chain variable region of the antigen binding site of these molecules. We have characterized the expression of the three cross‐reactive idiotypes in serum RFs of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren's syndrome, and seropositive elderly. The autoantibodies from Sjogren's syndrome patients and from normal patients were restricted in heterogeneity and frequently displayed two or more of the cross‐reactive idiotypes. In contrast, the RFs from rheumatoid arthritis patients expressed only one of the three cross‐reactive idiotypic markers, suggesting greater structural diversity. The presence of shared idiotypes implies a common origin of the light chains from a single light chain gene or closely related genes. Cross‐reactive idiotypes are useful diagnostic tools that distinguish the rheumatoid factors from different clinical processes and may provide insights concerning disease pathogenesis.
Glycated albumin by affinity chromatography and radioimmunoassay in the management of diabetes mellitus
Authors: Woo Jannie , Weinstock Ruth S. , Ozark Carole , Sunderji Shiraz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive and specific assay for glycated albumin (GALB) has been developed. Ten μL of serum is fractionated by affinity chromatography on a boranateagarose column and quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA). Assay linearity is 15.6–1,000 ng of albumin. Dose‐response curves prepared from both glycated albumin and albumin standard are superimposable in the range of 31–500 ng, equivalent to 0.1–15% of GALB assuming total albumin concentration to be 50 g/L. Recovery was 93 ± 3%. Sensitivity is 16 ng. Precision (CV) is 14.3% with patient sample duplicates (n = 57) and 15.6% when assaying controls (n = 21).Our reference interval (RI) for GALB is 0.43–1.19% of total albumin. GALB levels are significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) in random samples from 37 diabetics. GALB correlates positively with both glycated hemoglobin (GHB) (r = 0.901) and serum glucose concentration (r = 0.706). In 10 diabetic patients followed serially with fasting and postprandial glucoses, GALB, and GHB, GALB was more sensitive than GHB in reflecting short‐term changes in glycemic control.Our data demonstrate the value of GALB measurements when the assessment of glycemic control over a short period of time is important, such as in monitoring the results of changing therapy.
A highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of anti‐insulin antibodies in human serum
Authors: Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Sugiyama Satoru , Nakamura Syuji , Kanemaru Yoshimasa 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA highly sensitive enzyme immunoassay of anti‐insulin antibodies in human serum is described. Serum samples were subjected to successive processes of the incubation with insulin, the dextran‐charcoal treatment to remove free insulin, the precipitation of insulin anti‐insulin antibodies by polyethylene glycol, the acid treatment of the precipitates to inactivate anti‐insulin antibodies, and the measurement of insulin by sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique. By this enzyme immunoassay, anti‐insulin antibodies were demonstrated in most of serum samples from patients who had been treated with insulin for 0.6–24 months. The detection limit of anti‐insulin IgG in human serum was 1,000 to 3,000‐fold less than that obtained by the previously reported enzyme immunoassay, in which an insulin‐coated polystyrene ball was incubated with diluted serum and subsequently with (antihuman IgG γ‐chain) Fab'‐horseradish peroxidase conjugate. The present enzyme immunoassay may be useful for the measurement of antibodies for not only insulin but also other antigens that are not precipitated by polyethylene glycol.
A highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human thyroid‐stimulating hormone in dried blood on filter paper discs for mass‐screening of neonatal hypothyroidism
Authors: Hashida Seiichi , Tanaka Koichiro , Kohno Takeyuki , Ishikawa Eiji , Umehashi Hozo , Hayashida Toshiyuki , Mori Toru , Imura Hiroo , Ogawa Hiroshi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay of human thyroid‐stimulating hormone (hTSH) in dried blood on filter paper discs is described for mass‐screening of hypothyroidism in the neonates. One 3 mm filter paper disc per assay, on which 2.7 μl of neonatal blood had been dried, was incubated in buffer to extract hTSH. One monoclonal anti‐hTSH β‐subunit IgG1‐coated polystyrene ball per assay was incubated with the extract and, after washing, with affinity‐purified rabbit antihuman chorionic gonadotropin Fab′‐β‐D‐galactosidase conjugate. Bound enzyme activity was assayed by fluorimetry using 4‐methylumbelliferyl‐β‐D‐galactoside as a substrate. The assay range of hTSH was 0.037–370 mU/l of blood, and blood hTSH levels in normal neonates were 1.33 ± 0.95 (SD) mU/l (range: 0.18–6.45 mU/l; n = 652). Therefore, this assay with a single protocol may detect not only primary hypothyroidism with abnormally high blood hTSH levels, but also secondary (pituitary) and tertiary (hypothalamic) hypothyroidism with abnormally low blood hTSH levels in the neonates, whereas the previously described enzyme immunoassays can detect only primary hypothyroidism. And this assay may be easily automated with one‐step immunoreaction.
Ganglioside gm2 as a target structure recognized by human natural killer cells
Authors: Ando Iwao , Hoon Dave B. , Golub Sidney H. , Irie Rieko F. , Pattengale Paul K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis report investigates the possibility that the ganglioside GM2 is a common target structure for natural killer cells. A subpopulation of lymphocytes, NK cells may play a role in vivo in controlling the growth of certain tumors.
Natural antibodies in sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Fadhel Ferid Ben , Guilbert B. , Matsiota P. , Avrameas S. , Gorgi Y. , Ayed K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSera obtained from fifty‐five patients with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and from four patients with mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) previously shown by immunofluorescence and by double immunodiffusion to possess antinuclear antibodies, were tested for the presence of natural antibodies of IgG, IgA, and IgM isotypes. Antibody activity to actin, myosin, DNA, TNP, albumin, and tubulin was examined, using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was found that, in comparison with the antibody titers in normal sera, most of the SLE and MCTD sera possessed statistically greater amounts of IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies directed against all the antigens tested. Furthermore, the IgG, IgA, and IgM antibody activity to DNA and TNP, compared to that found with all the other antigens, was significantly higher. Antibodies reacting with a saline extract of calf thymus (ECT) were studied by ELISA and by immunodiffusion. No correlation was observed between the natural antibody titers and the serum antibody levels to ECT detected either by ELISA or by immunodiffusion.
Review of the standard tests for syphilis and evaluation of a new commercial elisa, the syphilis bio‐enzabead test
Authors: Larsen Sandra A. , Hambie Edith A. , Cruce Donna D. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTo date, there are eight serologic tests considered Standard for the serodiagnosis of syphilis; however, the syphilis Bio‐EnzaBead test is the first commercially available enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the confirmation of a reactive nontreponemal test result in the serodiagnosis of syphilis. The Bio‐EnzaBead has a sensitivity of 95.2% in untreated syphilis when read at 405 nm with 80% of the 1 + optical density (OD) used as the breakpoint OD between reactive and nonreactive results. This sensitivity is comparable to the sensitivity of the microhemag‐glutination assay (MHA‐TP) of 97.6% in untreated syphilis. The specificity of the syphilis Bio‐EnzaBead when read as described above is 94.7%, compared with the 99.3% of the MHA‐TP and the 98.1% of the fluorescent treponemal antibody‐absorption (FTA‐ABS) test. Heating of the specimens did not adversely affect the test outcome, and it eliminated background readings seen with the negative control beads.
Analysis of erythrocytic polyamines by automated reverse‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Killian Carl S. , Vargas Farida P. , Murphy Gerald P. , Beckley Somnulu , Chu T. Ming 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA sensitive and reproducible method for quantitation of polyamines in erythrocytes by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is described. Spermidine and spermine are first converted to fluorescent dansyl derivatives and are then separated in less than 15 minutes on a C18 reverse‐phase cartridge using methanol in water mobile phase. Sensitivity of the method is 20 pmol with recoveries that average 96% and 95% for spermidine and spermine, respectively. Precision study revealed an average mean coefficient of variation of 5.42 ± 2.95 (mean ± S.D.) from four levels of the polyamines (8.2 to 354.9 nmol/g hemoglobin [Hgb]). The normal ranges for 30 apparently healthy men and women, aged 20–60 years, were 2.9–33.7 nmol/g Hgb (± 2 S.D. from mean) for spermidine and 0‐20.9 nmol/g Hgb for spermine. The quantity of putrescine was negligible. Feasibility of this method was evaluated in serial specimens from an advanced‐stage patient with prostate cancer who was receiving multiple‐modality therapy. Results revealed that this HPLC method can be used in quantifying circulating polyamines in clinical specimens.
The porphyrias: Clinical and laboratory aspects
Authors: Campbell Bruce 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe porphyrias, a group of diseases caused by enzyme deficiencies in the heme biosynthetic pathway, are reviewed. The clinical features and pathophysiology of each porphyria are discussed. Analytical techniques used in both screening and definitive investigations are reviewed. The final sections integrate the previous information to provide a protocol to assist in planning the investigation of any particular case of porphyria according to clinical presentation and in interpreting the results of laboratory investigations.