bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Too Much, Too Little, Too Late to Start Again? Assessing the Efficacy of Bisphosphonates in Patients with Bone Metastases from Breast Cancer
Authors: Clemons Mark , Dranitsaris George , Cole David , Gainford Mary C. 
Published: March 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Articulate the natural history of bone metastasis in the setting of advanced breast cancer.Describe the role of bisphosphonates in managing bone metastases in the setting of breast cancer.Discuss clinical end points used to determine whether bisphosphonates are useful in this setting.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Adjuvant Chemotherapy in the Elderly: Whom to Treat, What Regimen?
Authors: Burdette-Radoux Susan , Muss Hyman B. 
Published: March 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe several methods for assessing a patient's comorbidity and functional status prior to adjuvant chemotherapy.Discuss methods of relapse and mortality risk assessment in the elderly population and explain how adjuvant treatment affects risk.Identify adjuvant chemotherapy regimens that have been shown to be beneficial in the elderly population for treating breast, colon, and lung cancer.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Making PubMed Searching Simple: Learning to Retrieve Medical Literature Through Interactive Problem Solving
Authors: Vincent Beatriz , Vincent Maurice , Ferreira Carlos Gil 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSearching the literature has a direct, beneficial influence on patient care. The amount of medical scientific information has increased to a great extent, while the development of networking technologies has broadened access to online databases. Successful searches depend upon understanding technical librarianship concepts and the skills for mastering searching interfaces. From a problem-oriented approach, concepts like MEDLINE coverage, PubMed resources, Boolean logic, search strategies, and Web sources for full-text articles are introduced along seven online situations: locating a specific publication, answering a complex clinical question, finding information on a general subject, finding publications by a particular author, finding publications in a particular language, finding a specific publication type, and locating the full-text document. Oncologists should face the challenge of performing their own searches. Specific knowledge is mandatory to avoid frustrating, time-consuming work. The objective of this work is to present concepts, strategies, and skills required for medical literature retrieval, easing the incorporation of new and welcomed practices.
Brain Metastases from Epithelial Ovarian Cancer: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Pectasides Dimitrios , Pectasides Melina , Economopoulos Theofanis 
Published: March 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Select the appropriate treatment strategies for ovarian cancer patients with solitary brain metastases and extracranial disease.Describe the most important prognostic factors for ovarian cancer patients with brain metastases.List the diagnostic steps needed to establish the diagnosis of brain metastases in ovarian cancer patients.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Oxaliplatin-Related Acute Myelogenous Leukemia
Authors: Carneiro Benedito A. , Kaminer Lynne , Eldibany Mohammed , Sreekantaiah Chandrika , Kaul Karen , Locker Gershon Y. 
Published: March 2006

Abstract
A 56-year-old woman diagnosed with a poorly differentiated cecal adenocarcinoma with metastases to ovaries, omentum, and sigmoid colon went into remission after 12 cycles of infusional 5-fluorouracil, luecovorin, and oxaliplatin (FOLFOX-4 regimen). Thirteen months later, a pelvic recurrence was diagnosed, and the patient received nine cycles of FOLFOX-6 plus bevacizumab, resulting in a clinical complete response but the development of pancytopenia. Bone marrow biopsy was consistent with therapy-related acute myelogenous leukemia. Chromosome analysis showed structural rearrangements with partial deletions of the long arms of chromosomes 5, 7, 20, and 21, as well as trisomy of chromosome 8 and losses of chromosomes 3 and 11. Induction chemotherapy led to remission, but the patient died two months later from complications of colon cancer progression. It is likely that the leukemia was related to the oxaliplatin administration.
Large Granular Lymphocyte Leukemia
Authors: Sokol Lubomir , Loughran Thomas P. 
Published: March 2006

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the basic principles of molecular and cellular biology of LGL leukemia.Describe distinct clinical entities among disorders of LGLs.Discuss the diagnostic criteria for T-cell LGL leukemia.Discuss the therapeutic algorithm of LGL leukemia.Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
Combining Targeted Therapies and Drugs with Multiple Targets in the Treatment of NSCLC
Authors: Maione Paolo , Gridelli Cesare , Troiani Teresa , Ciardiello Fortunato 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe first generation of clinical trials of targeted agents in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment has concluded. To date, only a few of these new agents can offer hope of a substantial impact on the natural history of the disease. Nevertheless, clinically meaningful advances have already been achieved. In chemotherapy-refractory advanced NSCLC patients, gefitinib and erlotinib, two epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, represent a further chance for tumor control and symptom palliation. In chemotherapy-naive, advanced, nonsquamous NSCLC patients, the combination of the anti–vascular endothelial growth factor monoclonal antibody bevacizumab with chemotherapy was demonstrated to produce better survival outcomes than with chemotherapy alone. The relative failure of first-generation targeted therapies in lung cancer may be a result of multilevel cross-stimulation among the targets of the new biological agents. Thus, blocking only one of these pathways allows others to act as salvage or escape mechanisms for cancer cells. Preclinical evidence of the synergistic antitumor activity achievable by combining targeted agents that block multiple signaling pathways has recently been emerging. Clinical trials of multitargeted therapy may represent the second generation of studies in this field, and some of these are already ongoing. In a recent phase I/II trial, the combination of erlotinib and bevacizumab demonstrated very promising activity in the treatment of advanced NSCLC pretreated with chemotherapy. Whether the multitargeted approach is best performed using combinations of selective agents or agents that intrinsically target various targets is a matter of debate.
Managing Paraneoplastic Neurological Disorders
Authors: de Beukelaar Janet W. , Smitt Peter A. Sillevis 
Published: March 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the autoimmune pathogenesis of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.Explain the clinical value of paraneoplastic antibody detection.Describe the general treatment approach to paraneoplastic neurological syndromes.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
The Role of Statins in Cancer Therapy
Authors: Hindler Katja , Cleeland Charles S. , Rivera Edgardo , Collard Charles D. 
Published: March 2006

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Explain how statins, used in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, may be applicable to cancer prevention.Discuss how statins potentially interfere with biologic processes relevant to cancer etiology.Outline the gaps in our understanding in this area of theoretical versus applied medicine.
Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA category 1 credit at CME.TheOncologist.com
What is Complicated Grief? A Social Constructionist Perspective
Authors: Walter Tony 
Published: March 2006

Research into complicated grief assumes that it is a psychological disorder of the grieving individual. This article suggests seven other things that complicated grief may also be: a normalizing construct of psychiatric medicine, an operational requirement of bereavement agencies, a concept by which society as a whole and families can discipline mourning members, a label applied to those who actively resist cultural norms about grief, a product of a society obsessed with risk, and the result of negotiation between various parties in the bereavement field. If complicated grief exists, it is much more multi-faceted than is usually acknowledged. Grief, like death itself, is undisciplined, risky, wild. That society seeks to discipline grief, as part of its policing of the border between life and death, is predictable, and it is equally predictable that modern society would medicalize grief as the means of policing (Foote & Frank, 1999, p. 170).
Creativity versus conscientiousness: which is a better predictor of student performance?
Authors: Chamorro‐Premuzic Tomas 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper examines the extent to which the incremental validity of creative thinking (over and above personality) in the prediction of academic performance may be a function of assessment methods. British university students (N = 307) completed the Alternate Uses Test and Big Five personality inventory at the beginning of the first academic year. Students' academic performance was assessed throughout a 4‐year period via written exams, continuous assessment (tutored seminars) and a supervised dissertation in the final year. Creative thinking was more related to final dissertation marks than to exam and continuous assessment performance (which were associated with Conscientiousness, rather than creative thinking). A follow‐up questionnaire on preferences for different assessment methods revealed that creative thinking was positively related to preference for viva voce (oral) exams, group projects and final dissertation, but negatively associated with preferences for multiple‐choice and essay‐type exams, as well as continuous assessment. Implications are discussed with regard to educational settings, in particular assessment methods. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of MAC‐1 (CD11b) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis
Authors: Graf Michaela , Reif Susanne , Kröll Tanja , Hecht Karin , Nuessler Volkmar , Schmetzer Helga 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThere is evidence to suggest, that cellular adhesion molecules and receptors could play a role in leukemia, e.g., through altered adhesive qualities of leukemic blasts. We have studied the expression of the β2‐integrin Mac‐1 (CD11b) on mononuclear cells in 48 patients with AML at first diagnosis by flow cytometry using a direct fluorescein‐conjugated antibody. A case was defined as positive if more than 20% of the cells expressed Mac‐1. Within the FAB types, we observed a high expression rate in cases with M5 (100% MAC‐1+ cases, 73% MAC‐1+ cells), M4 (75% MAC‐1+ cases, 48% MAC‐1+ cells) and in cases with FAB‐M1 with 71% MAC‐1+ cases and 29% MAC‐1+ cells. Separating our patients' cohort in cytogenetic risk groups, we could detect significant higher proportions of MAC‐1+, cases (88% vs. 27%, P = 0.005) and cells (51% vs. 16%, P = 0.015) with poor cytogenetic risk compared to the favorable risk group. For clinical evaluations only patients treated according to the protocols of the German AML Cooperative Group (AML‐CG) were included (n = 29, cases with AML‐M3 were excluded). More MAC‐1+ cases and cells were found in the “non‐responders” group (n = 8) compared to the “responders” group (n = 24). We can conclude that AML cases with high MAC‐1 expression are characterized by a worse prognosis. Evaluation of MAC‐1 expression in AML might therefore contribute clinically important data with respect to develop new therapies that influence the interactions between integrins like MAC‐1 on leukemic cells and endothelial or immunoreactive cells. Am. J. Hematol. 81:227–235, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Renal parenchymal tumors and lymphoma in the same patient: Case series and review of the literature
Authors: Kunthur Anuradha , Wiernik Peter H. , Dutcher Janice P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe reviewed the incidence of diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and lymphoma in the same patient and analyzed the characteristics of this association. Nine patients in 4 years had the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and lymphoma, including 2 with Hodgkin disease, 1 with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and 3 each with low‐grade follicular and intermediate‐grade non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In SEER data, the observed/expected (O/E) ratio of NHL and RCC is 1.86 to 2.07. In our series, 2 patients were diagnosed with NHL after the diagnosis of RCC, 1 was diagnosed concurrently, and in the other 6, lymphoma preceded diagnosis of RCC. In reviews of second malignancies following treatment of Hodgkin disease, RCC is less common (O/E 1.5, with 1/3 being transitional cell carcinoma and 2/3 being adenocarcinoma). We report 2 cases with Hodgkin disease preceding RCC, and in both, Hodgkin disease occurred as an adult. There is a male predominance for patients with both diagnoses, which is greater than the male predominance for either RCC or NHL alone (2.2 vs. 2.0 vs. 1.2). There is an increased likelihood of the lymphoma being extranodal. There is an increased association of RCC and NHL more often among male patients, and often with extranodal lymphoma. Potential common etiological factors include prior treatment for malignancy, genetic predisposition, environmental factors, including a search for viral sequences, and possible immune dysregulation generating the lymphoma and subsequently leading to solid tumors such as RCC or melanoma. Am. J. Hematol. 81:271–280, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Folate supplementation and twinning in patients with sickle cell disease
Authors: Ballas Samir K. , Baxter Jason K. , Riddick Gaye 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPatients with sickle cell disease routinely take folic acid daily as a supplement to maintain effective erythropoiesis. One of the controversial effects of folic acid is its effect on twin gestation rates. In this report, we present our experience in patients with sickle cell disease and twin pregnancy. Our data show that twin pregnancies seem to be associated with folate supplementation. Am. J. Hematol. 81:296–297, 2006 © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antitumor effects of celecoxib on K562 leukemia cells are mediated by cell‐cycle arrest, caspase‐3 activation, and downregulation of Cox‐2 expression and are synergistic with hydroxyurea or imatinib
Authors: Zhang Guang‐Sen , Liu Ding‐Sheng , Dai Chong‐Wen , Li Rui‐Juan 
Published: March 2006

AbstractCelecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase‐2 (Cox‐2) inhibitor, has been shown to possess antitumor activity in a variety of cancer cells. However, the antitumor activity of celecoxib in hematopoietic tumors, especially in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), has not been well established. This study was designed to investigate the effect of celecoxib on growth and apoptosis in a human CML cell line (K562 cells) or in primary CML cells, and to examine the synergistic actions of celecoxib and hydroxyurea or imatinib on K562 cell proliferation and apoptosis. Celecoxib significantly inhibited the growth of both K562 and primary CML cells and induced apoptosis in a dose‐dependent fashion. The IC50 of celecoxib was 46 μM for inhibition of K562 cell proliferation. The effect of celecoxib on growth inhibition was accompanied by the downregulation of cyclin D1 and cyclin E and p‐Rb expression, the upregulation of P16INK4a and P27KIP expression, and a G1‐S phase arrest of the cell cycle. The pro‐apoptotic effect of celecoxib was determined to be mediated by caspase‐3 activation. When K562 cells were pretreated with DEVD‐fmk, a specific inhibitor of caspases, the apoptotic activity of celecoxib was, in part, abrogated. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that K562 cells were Cox‐2‐positive both at the mRNA and protein levels. We noted the following observations: (i) we detected Cox‐2 mRNA in K562 cells by reverse transcription‐PCR (RT‐PCR) and protein expression by western blot analysis; (ii) Cox‐2 expression in K562 cells was stimulated by IL‐1β, a specific inducing agent of Cox‐2 expression; (iii) primary CML cells from CML patient bone marrow also exhibited Cox‐2 protein expression. Furthermore, Cox‐2 expression was downregulated at higher doses of celecoxib (80–160 μM), suggesting a Cox‐2‐dependent mechanism was involved in the drug's effects of growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis. In addition, a synergistic effect was observed when cells were exposed to low‐dose celecoxib (40 μM) and hydroxyurea (10 mM) or a combination of celecoxib (40 μM) and imatinib (0.2 μM). These findings provide the basis for uncovering the mechanism of celecoxib's antitumor effects and developing a new therapeutic strategy for treating CML. Am. J. Hematol. 81:242–255, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of occupational factors on lung function in french dairy farmers. A 5‐year longitudinal study
Authors: Venier A.G. , Chaudemanche H. , Monnet E. , Thaon I. , Fury R. , Laplante J.J. , Dalphin J.C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundDairy farming is associated with a high prevalence of respiratory disorders but the respective influence of occupational exposures, environmental, and individual factors on lung function remain unclear.MethodsIn 1994 and 1999, dairy farmers were examined in the Doubs province, France. Spirometric measures and allergological tests were performed. Medical and professional data were obtained by questionnaires. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed.ResultsAn accelerated decline in lung function parameters was associated with age, male sex, traditional farm (as opposed to modern farms), and a high rate of total IgE (P < 10−2). Blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) was significantly positively linked with the modernization of the farm and negatively with age, smoking status, and log IgE (P < 10−2). Geographical factors (altitude and climatic conditions) had no significant effect.ConclusionsThe modernization of the farm has an important and beneficial impact on lung functiony. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:231–237, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Leukemia and exposure to ionizing radiation among German uranium miners
Authors: Möhner Matthias , Lindtner Manfred , Otten Heinz , Gille Hans‐G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundIt is well known that uranium miners are at an increased risk of lung cancer. Whether they also have an increased risk for other cancer sites remains under discussion. The aim of this study was to examine the leukemia risk among miners.MethodsAn individually matched case‐control study of former uranium miners in East Germany was conducted with 377 cases and 980 controls.ResultsUsing conditional logistic regression models, a dose–response relationship between leukemia risk and radon progeny could not be confirmed. Yet, a significantly elevated risk is seen in the category ≥400 mSv when combining γ‐radiation and long‐lived radionuclides.ConclusionsThe results suggest that an elevated risk for leukemia is restricted to employees with a very long occupational career in underground uranium mining or uranium processing. Moreover, the study does not support the hypothesis of an association between exposure to short‐lived radon progeny and leukemia risk. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:238–248, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Personal and non‐occupational risk factors and occupational injury/illness
Authors: Craig Brian N. , Congleton Jerome J. , Kerk Carter J. , Amendola Alfred A. , Gaines William G. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe materials handling industry performs is an essential function in the world economy, however, it is plagued with occupationally related injuries and illnesses. Understanding the risk factors may assist this industry in alleviating these injuries and illnesses, as well as their associated costs.MethodsForty‐eight personal and non‐occupational risk factors were measured and evaluated for statistically significant relationships with occupational injury in 442 volunteer manual material handlers who worked for three different companies, at nine US locations, with 15 different job descriptions. OSHA 200 logs were used to ascertain evidence of occupational injury within this population for 1 year after the testing and measurement was completed.ResultsHigher occurrences of injury were significantly associated with six risk factors in the univariate model (odds ratios 1.51–4.00). The significantly (P < 0.05) related risk factors in the univariate model were aerobic power, smoking status, perceived fitness level, fishing/hunting as a hobby, speed limit obeyance, and witnessing or being involved in a violent fight. In the multivariate analysis, five risk factors (aerobic power, smoking status, percent body fat, body mass index, and sit‐and‐reach measured flexibility) were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with occupational injury. Odds ratios in the multivariate analysis varied from 1.42 to 10.11.ConclusionEvidence of an association of occupational injury occurrence with certain risk factors presented in personal and non‐occupational univariate and multivariate models is shown. In industry, effective injury reduction programs should go beyond traditional methods of job‐related ergonomic risk factors and include personal factors such as smoking, weight control, and alcohol abuse. Am. J. Ind. Med. 49:249–260, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparison of serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, and percent transferrin saturation in nine species of apparently healthy captive lemurs
Authors: Williams Cathy V. , Campbell Jennifer , Glenn Kelly M. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractLemurs kept in captivity have been reported to be highly prone to accumulate excessive amounts of iron in tissues (hemosiderosis). Diagnosis of the condition is most commonly made during a postmortem examination because an antemortem diagnosis requires a liver biopsy, a procedure that may not be well tolerated by all animals. The lack of a noninvasive method to evaluate iron status in captive lemurs limits investigators' ability to effectively screen animals for the presence of hemosiderosis, and to detect the condition early when treatment protocols are most effective. This study was conducted in an effort to provide data regarding iron analyte values in healthy captive lemurs of multiple species. The relationship of various iron‐related metabolites was evaluated in 177 clinically normal lemurs of nine different species. Serum iron (sI), total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and ferritin concentration were measured directly and the percent transferrin saturation (TS) was calculated. Significant differences in various iron metabolites were observed among several species, suggesting that normal reference values for iron metabolites in lemurs may need to be developed on a species by species basis. Am. J. Primatol. 68:1–13, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.