bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Salinity Induced Accumulation of Free Amino Acids in Germinating Rice Seeds Differing in Salt Tolerance
Authors: Dubey R. S. , Rani Manju 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMetabolic status of total and individual free amino acids were studied in endosperms and embryoaxes of four rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance, growing under increasing levels of saline stress. At all saline treatment levels and in controls salt tolerant cultivars had higher levels of total free amino acids in germinating seed parts than sensitives. Individual free amino acids which always maintained higher levels in germinating tolerant seeds over sensitives were aspartic acid, arginine, glycine and leucine. Salinity caused accumulation of free amino acids in germinating seed parts in all cultivars. Maximum accumulation was of arginine followed by leucine, alanine, valine, glutamine and proline. Individual amino acids accumulated greatly in tolerant cultivars than sensitives. Increased salinity caused decrease in the levels of aspartic acid, serine, glutamic acid, glycine, lysine and histidine in growing embryoaxes. Results suggest possible relationship between levels of free amino acids arginine, leucine, alanine, valine, glutamine and proline and degree of salt tolerance in rice. These all amino acids should be considered in combination as indices for salt tolerance in rice.
Analyse von Konkurrenzbeziehungen bei der Vegetationsentwicklung eines Grünlandbestandes mit Hilfe eines populationsdynamischen Modells
Authors: Benz J. , Spatz G. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractAnalysis of Competitive Interactions in Grassland Stands by a Population Dynamical ModelThe potential yield of permanent grassland is highly influenced by dynamical interactions within its plant species. The possibility to recognize and to quantify these interactions opens a wide field of applications in grassland management. A mathematical simulation model was chosen to meet this aim. The base of the model is a simple population dynamic arrangement. The competition between the species or species groups is described by a linear function. A long time trial is used as a data base. The productivity and the floristic changes in this trial were recorded for 12 years. By reason of the limited data base the species were aggregated into 5 groups consisting of species with similar behaviour. The model proofed to be useful, to simulate the important interactions between the species groups and to quantify their significance with regard to the dynamic development of the grassland. Because of the small data set used in the sample, the model is limited in its validity. The model can be improved by incorporation of a larger data base.
A Simple Model for Predicting Daily Mean Soil Temperatures
Authors: Langholz H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBased on measurements in 3 different types of soil (clay, sand, peat) linear regression equations between daily air temperature (2 m) and soil temperature (2, 5, 10, 20, 50 cm depth) are calculated for all months of the growing season. The equations show a significant seasonal dependence and the best correlations in the upper 10 cm of soil. Differences depending on the type of soil are relatively small. Correction terms involving cloudiness and thermal inertia of the soil during a sudden warming or cooling period complete the prediction model. Standard deviations between predicted and measured values have been found within 1.5 K in most cases. Lastly a generally applicable method for calculating regression equations at any station is introduced. The application of this method to different sites and types of soil in Bavaria and other regions of Germany shows a good agreement with measured values.
Effekte der Sorten‐ (Weizen)und der Arten‐ (Weizen, Roggen) Mischung auf die Ertragsleistung krankheitsfreier Bestände
Authors: Aufhammer W. , Kempf H. , E. Kubler  , Stützel H. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Effects of cultivar (wheat) and species (wheat, rye) mixtures on grain yield of desease‐free stands Cultivar mixtures (winter wheat) and species mixtures (winter wheat/winter rye) grown free from pests and diseases in different environments are compared to pure stands and analyzed with respect to inter‐component relationships relevant for yield. All mixtures consisted from two components which were planted 1:1. Mixing effects (i.e. deviations from arithmetic mean of respective components grown in pure stands) on grain yield/ha and yield structure were dependent on components and growing conditions, particularly nitrogen availability. Under conditions suboptimal for one component, ontogenetic differences between components resulted in positive mixing effects on grain yield since the yield proportion of the accompanying partner increased more than proportionally. In several instances, yield proportions shitted without leading to mixing effects. In some experiments and/or mixtures mixing effects could not be observed at all.
Influence of Soil Drought on Plant Growth, Assimilation and Dissimilation of CO2 and Accumulation of Photosynthates in Field Bean (Vicia faba L. minor) During Pod Formation and Rapid Pod Growth
Authors: Kocielniak J. , Filek W. , Grzesiak S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractField bean planes cultivar Nadwiślański were submitted to soil drought (30 % of field soil water capacity) for 5 days at the stage of pod formation (A) and of rapid pod growth (B) and then exposed for 20 minutes to 14CO2. Radioactivity of leaves, stems, roots, and pods or pod shells and seeds was measured 1, 5, 24 and 48 hours after exposition.In both stages soil drought reduced by about five times total CO2 assimilation, mainly owing to lower activity of the photosynthetic apparatus and also, though less so, to reduced leaf growth. Photosynthetic activity referred to the dry weight of the leaves dropped to 22‐35% of controls. Accumulation of photosynthetates in generative organs was much less depressed than 14CO2 assimilation. 48 hours after exposition to 14CO2 of drought treated plants, the contents of 14C of pods in phase A, and seeds in phase B, amounted to respectively 24% and 36% of assimilated 14C and equalled 91.5% and 74% of the corresponding values for controls.The progressive decline of radioactivity in leaves and stems after 14CO2 exposition was distinctly correlated to the rise of radioactivity of generative organs both in soil drought treated plants and in controls. Slightly lower values of correlation coefficients in drought treated plants may indicate impairment under drought conditions of synchronization in processes of unloading and accumulation of assimilates.In plants drought treated in phase A the ability to dissimilate 14C was reduced to about 59% of that in controls, but when drought was applied in phase B, dissimilation rate was about three times as high.
Effects of NaCl and KC1 Salinity on Growth and Ionic Relations of Red Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Salim M. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractGrowth and ionic relations of red kidney bean plants were compared when grown in 25, 50 and 75 mM concentrations of either NaCl or KCl salts. Similar growth reductions of plants at 25 mM concentration of the two solutions were observed as compared with control solution grown plants. Whereas relatively higher growth reductions indicated by reduced relative growth rates in 50 and 75 mM KC1 solution as compared with isosmotic NaCl solutions were associated with higher Cl and K uptake and accumulation in leaves. This was confirmed by higher short‐term 36Cl uptake/transport in plant leaves from the labelled solution of 50 mM KCl as compared with that from 50 mM NaCl solution.
The Effects of Prolonged Drought and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Root and Shoot Growth and Water Uptake by Winter Wheat
Authors: Barraclough P. B. , Kuhlmann H. , Weir A. H. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWinter wheat growing on a silty clay loam soil was protected from rainfall by a mobile shelter for 100 days from tillering to maturity. During this time the crop was either irrigated according to demand or grew on stored soil water. The effects of this high and low water supply, in combination with a high and low N supply, on root and shoot growth and water uptake were studied.The crop given both N and water yielded 9.7 t/ha of grain (85 % DM), drought reduced this to 7.9 t/ha, low N to 4.3 t/ha and drought and low N to 3.8 t/ha. Yield reductions were mainly due to fewer grains being produced.Little root growth occurred in the topsoil during the drought but there was compensatory growth in the subsoil provided that N fertilizer was given. The droughted crops rooted to 160 cm, about 20 cm deeper than the irrigated crops, but the amount of root in the deep subsoil was very small, less than 0.1 cm/cm3 ai 140–160 cm, compared with 5–9 cm/cm3 in the topsoil.The crop demand for water at any given time was partitioned throughout the root system but atmospheric demand was only met whilst the topsoil was wet. The fertilized, droughted crop extracted all of the potentially available water to a depth of 80 cm and a mean rooting density of 1 cm/cm3 was necessary to achieve this. Uptake from below this depth was limited by root growth.The limiting value of the potential soil water deficit was 170 mm, and weather records showed that this would be exceeded one year in ten, on average. The likelihood of yield reduction due to drought could be reduced on this soil by improving root growth below 80 cm depth, although the chances of achieving this are low as root growth was probably limited by poor soil structure.
Vergleichende Streßphysiologie von Tepary‐Bohnen (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) als “Minor Crop” und Mwezi Moja‐Bohnen (Phaseolus vulgaris, GLP 1004) als Hochleistungsleguminose im tropischen Landbau
Authors: Hornetz B. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract Comparative stress physiology of tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius) as “minor crop” and mwezi moja beans (Phaseolus vulgaris) as high‐yielding variety in tropical agriculture The study deals with the ecophysiological demands of the “minor pulse” tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius) – possessing a high nutritional value – as well as of the high‐yielding kenyan bean variety mwezi moja (Phaseolus vulgaris, GLP 1004).Special reference is dedicated on the drought resistance of the crops in order to make recommendations for potential cultivation in the semi‐arid and arid drylands of South and Southeast Kenya.Newly constructed growth containers gave possibilities to simulate different durations and intensities of water stress under controlled environmental conditions in climatic chamber experiments.It was observed and recorded that teparies possess different mechanisms of morphological and physiological adaptation to high temperature and water stress, apparently including the ability of osmotic adjustment. The patterns of adaptation to water stress are combined with defined hydrature periods closely connected with the reduction of soil moisture.There was no evidence of morphological adaptation of mwezi moja leaves to water stress. It was observed and recorded that there is a partial drought resistance within the upper leaf unit, apparently caused by osmotic adjustment.The crop seems to be less adapted than tepary beans to marginal cropping areas (e.g. in agroecological zone, AE2, L 6 or LM 6; ace. to: Jätzold and Schmidt 1982/83) of the drylands due to high crop water requirements (about 30 % more than the “minor pulse”), low drought resistance and a high relative yield decrease under water stress – in spite of a short vegetation cycle (about 60–65 days).
Relationship Between Storage and Germinability of Cardamom (Elatteria cardamomum Maton)
Authors: Sangakkara U. R. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractCardamom seeds are considered recalcitrant, with relatively low retention of germinability during storage. Thus, a study tested the effects of drying temperatures on moisture loss and reduction in germinability of cardamom seeds. In addition, the effect of storage material and temperatures on retention of germinability was evaluated. The mature seeds of cardamom contained a high percentage of water at harvest, and germinability at harvest was around 62 %, confirming the recalcitrant nature of the seeds. Seed germinability was completely lost at moisture levels below 50 % (dry wt. basis) and higher temperatures reduced moisture levels and germinability faster. Drying at 20°C retained some degree of germinability for 7 days. In terms of storage, sealed polythene containers and low temperature (5°C) was optimal for maintaining some degree of germinability of cardamom seeds during storage for approximately 15 days.
Agronomic Factors in Evaluating Forage Crops II. Predicting Fiber Components (NDF, ADF, ADL) from Crop Leafiness
Authors: Kalu B. A. , Fick G. W. , van Soest P. J. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe relationship of the stage‐to‐stage changes in alfalfa herbage leaf percentage and the corresponding changes in fiber components represented by neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) was tested in alfalfa crop diverse in stand and canopy ages, stages of maturity harvested across seasons in two separate years. Regression analyses showed that for all fiber components, leaf percentage consistently provided highly significant linear relationships for predicting herbage fiber content; NDF (r2= 0.915), ADF (r2= 0.937) and, ADL (r2= 0.851). These were highly comparable with the application of the mean stage by weight (MSW) system for predicting NDF (r2= 0.946), ADF (r2= 0.891) and ADL (r2= 0.841) thus indicating the practical use of leaf percentage as a good alternative approach for predicting fiber content of the alfalfa crop.
Growth Analysis, Herbage and Seed Yield of Certain Forage Legume Species Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: AbdElMoneim A. M. , Khair M. A. , Cocks P. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe need to increase forage production for the growing livestock population in the Mediterranean region necessitates the evaluation of various promising forage species with respect to maximum herbage yield, optimum time for harvest and seed yield. Seven forage legumes, woolly pod vetch (Vicia villosa subsp. dasycarpa accession 683), narbon vetch (V. narbonensis accession 67), common vetch (V. sativa selections 2541, 2037, 2020), common chickling (Lathyrus sativus selection 439) and ochrus chickling (L. ochrus selection 104) were compared over two years with contrasting rainfall. In both years the entries were sown in November and their primary growths sampled periodically during growth. For each sample, phenology, total dry matter, leaf area index (LAI) and, at maturity, total dry matter, seed yield and harvest index, were recorded.In both seasons, narbon vetch attained the highest dry matter and seed yields, and there was very limited variability in the maximum dry matter yield of the other entries. In general, the maximum dry matter occurred at 20–50 % podding in woolly pod vetch, 100 % podding in common vetch selection 2541 (local), narbon vetch and common chickling and at maturity in common vetch selection 2037, selection 2020 and ochrus chickling.Throughout the vegetative to early flowering stages, woolly pod vetch had the highest dry matter yield and LAI. Possible uses of each species as animal feed are discussed.
Allelopathic Potential of Shoot and Root Leachates of Certain Weed Species
Authors: Seetha Rani M. , Chandra Babu R. , Moosa Sheriff M. , Pallikonda Perumal R. K. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe allelopathic potential of shoot and root leachates of seven weed species was assessed using sorghum and blackgram as test crops. Weeds differed significantly among themselves in their allelopathic effect. Shoot leachates of weeds, in general, showed more allelopathic effect than their root leachates. Phenolic content of weed leachates has positive association with the allelopathic potential of the weed species.
Effect of Genotypes and Plant Maturity on Forage Quality of Certain Forage Legume Species Under Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Abd El Moneim A. M. , Khair M. A. , Rihawi S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractEvaluation of plant species for animal feed requires the quantitative and qualitative comparison of different genotypes. Promising lines of annual legumes comprising seven genotypes of vetche (Vicia spp.) and chicklings (Lathyrus spp.) were compared for herbage quality. The content of crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in herbage and pods were measured at different stages of plant maturity. The proportion of the leaves to shoots (leafiness) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) were also determined. As plants matured IVDMD, CP and leafiness decreased and NDF and ADF increased. For all the genotypes maximum digestible dry matter (DDM) and CP yields were more or less attained at 50–100 % podding. Narbon vetch had the highest DDM. The possible uses of the different genotypes as animal feed are discussed based on the partitioning of the DDM and CP yield as plants matured.
Sensitivity to Drought Stress of Three Soybean Cultivars During Different Growth Stages
Authors: Kpoghomou B. K. , Sapra V. T. , Beyl C. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThree soybean (Glycine max L.) culivars, Lee‐74, Wright, and Ra 401, were subjected to 100 % (control), 75 %, and 50 % of field capacity during vegetative (VI), flowering (R2), and pod‐filling (R4) stages in greenhouse and field studies. Stress applied at R2 significantly reduced the yield in the greenhouse, while in the field, the maximum reduction was observed when the plants were subjected to stress at R4. Stress during VI reduced the yield components less than stress applied during R2 or R4 stages in both studies. The pod number and seed weight were the yield components most affected by drought stress, and the number of seeds per pod the least affected. Yield stress index was significantly correlated with the yield and its components. The reproductive stage was clearly more sensitive to drought than the vegetative stage. The cultivar Lee 74 had the highest yield and the second highest yield stress index whereas the cultivar Ra 401 had the lowest yield.
Das optimale N‐Angebot im Frühjahr bei unterschiedlicher Keimdichte von Winterweizen
Authors: Wollring J. 
Published: April 2008

Abstract The optimal N‐supply in spring for different plant densities of winter wheat The influence of plant density (plt./m2) on the optimal N‐supply in spring (Nmin‐content + N‐fertilization) has been tested at three sites. The different plant density was produced by different seed rates in autumn of about 150, 250, 350, 450 and 550 grains/m2. The N‐supply in spring was ‐ apart from a non‐fertilized field (Nmin‐content) 80, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg N/ha. Additionally, 80 kg N/ha were applicated as N‐topdressing. Moreover the optimal N‐supply in spring has been tested on a winter wheat field thinned out due to winterkilling. In detail we got the following results:1. The reduction of the Nmin‐content due to the N‐uptake by the plants slowed down in accordance with minor plant density.2. The same N‐supply in the soil produced a higher N‐supply per individual plant in accordance with decreasing plant density and lead to a considerable increase of N‐nutrition.3. Thin crops showed a higher tillering. The differences in plant density between 150 and 550 plt./m2 in spring diminished to about 90 ears/m2 at harvest.4. Independently of plant density the maximum yield was obtained by a N‐supply (Nmin+ N‐fertilization) in spring of about 120 kg/ha N. Due to the abundant N‐nutrition of the individual plants and the minor increase of yield a higher N‐supply is not necessary with a minor plant density.5. Essentially the yield level was only diminished with the lowest plant density (100‐140 plt./m2).
Screening for Drought Tolerance: Soybean Germination and its Relationship to Seedling Responses
Authors: Kpoghomou B. K. , Sapra V. T. , Beyl C. A. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractSeventeen determinate soybean (Glycine max L.) cultivars from maturity groups V through VIII were screened for drought tolerance during germination and seedling stages. Germinating seeds and hydroponically‐grown seedlings were subjected to osmotic stresses of ‐0.3 and ‐0.5 MPa using polyethylene glycol M.W. 8000. Genotypic variability was found among the cultivars for all the parameters analyzed in both germination and seedling tests. Germination stress index was lower for seeds exposed to ‐0.5 MPa than for ‐0.3 MPa osmotic stress. Lower osmotic potential in the treatment medium was also correlated with lower leaf water potential in seedlings subjected to it. A significant relationship was found between fresh weight and height stress indices. The cultivars that grew taller under drought stress conditions had greater dry matter accumulation and higher germination stress indices indicating the reliability of height to predict cultivar performance under such conditions. The cultivars Lee‐74 and Wright had higher dry matter accumulation, greater height, and better germination under stress conditions than the other cultivars tested. Conversely, the cultivars Ra 401 and Bay performed poorly in the drought tests at both levels. In the seedling tests, there was no strong relationship between the leaf water potential and the overall performance of the plant suggesting no clear osmoregulatory mechanism. Based on results from germination and seedling tests, the cultivars Lee‐74, Wright, and Ra 401 were selected for further studies in greenhouse and field trials.
Effect of Whole Season CO2 Enrichment on the Cultivation of a Medicinal Plant, Digitalis lanata
Authors: Stuhlfauth T. , Fock H. P. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA versatile method was developed for the application of 1000 ppm CO2 during the whole growth period of plants. Temperature controlled water cooling and ventilation of the greenhouse resulted in a monthly CO2 enrichment time of 60 to 90 % of the total light period. Digitalis lanata, grown in greenhouses with CO2 enrichment during the whole growth phase from April to November, produced twice as much biomass as field cultivated plants.The relative yield of the glycoside digoxin per gram Digitalis drug dry weight was 0.4% in field grown and 0.7% in greenhouse cultivated plants. The production of digoxin per hectare in the greenhouse at 1000 ppm CO2 was almost 3.5‐fold that by field cultivation. Drug yield and secondary metabolite production in D. lanata were remarkably influenced by increased temperature and elevated CO2 partial pressure in the greenhouse.
Response of Some Quality Traits of Sunflower Seeds and Oil to Different Environments
Authors: Kandil A. , Ibrahim A. F. , Marquard R. , Taha R. S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractFive sunflower hybrids and one open‐pollinated variety were sown at two locations in West Germany and at two‐sowings at Giza, Egypt (summer and winter seasons). Cultivars showed different response concerning oil and protein contents as well as fatty acid composition. Highest protein content was observed from Giza in winter season. Cultivars differed significantly with this respect under different environments. However, oil content was not significantly affected by environments X cultivars interaction.Regarding fatty acid composition, palmitic and stearic acids were insignificantly affected. However, highest oleic acid percentage (57.5%) was observed at Giza in summer sowing by Nhy, hybrid, while at Giza in winter sowing the highest value (25.7%) was produced by Semu 209 hybrid. The differences between the two Germany locations were relatively low in range from 14.6–17.6%. Concerning linoleic acid, it showed an opposite trend.Environments X cultivars interaction showed significant influence on total tocopherol content.