bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
What defines the quality of patient care in tinea pedis?
Authors: Mistik S , Ferahbas A , Koc AN , Ayangil D , Ozturk A 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives  The aim of this study has been to evaluate patients with tinea pedis for their demographic data and attitudes affecting the treatment of disease, and to compare the in vitro activity of 10 antifungal agents and to relate them to their in vivo activity.Methods  Patients with positive mycological examination were enrolled in the study, and a questionnaire comprised of 22 questions was administered. A mycological culture was carried out for each specimen. The antifungal susceptibility of the subcultured species was determined for griseofulvin, terbinafine, ciclopiroxolamine, fluconazole, ketoconazole, itraconazole, bifonazole, sulconazole, oxiconazole and miconazole with microdilution.Results  Mycological cultures were carried out from 59 patients and there were 35 positive cultures (59.3%). The dermatophytes were Trichophyton rubrum (n = 25) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (n = 3). The yeasts were Candida albicans (n = 7), Candida glabrata (n = 1) and Trichosporon (n = 2). In the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) study, the mean ± standard error of the mean (SEM) MICs of the antifungals for T. rubrum were as follows: terbinafine 0.01 ± 0.003, oxiconazole 0.16 ± 0.05, sulkonazole 0.31 ± 0.05, miconazole 0.45 ± 0.15, itraconazole 0.74 ± 0.01, ketokonazole 1.03 ± 0.17, ciclopiroxolamine 1.30 ± 0.12, bifonazole 1.94 ± 0.51, griseofulvin 4.87 ± 0.61, and fluconazole 17.91 ± 3.67 µg/mL.Conclusion  Our study supports that azoles could be used as first‐line treatment, as oxiconazole is very effective for both dermatophytes and C. albicans. Correlation between in vitro results and clinical outcomes of cases of dermatophytes is still to be established and interpretive breakpoints defined, in order to increase the quality of patient care in tinea pedis.
Metastatic malignant melanoma presenting with hypercalcaemia and bone marrow involvement
Authors: Batsis JA , Barry MJ 
Published: January 2006

AbstractWe report a 75‐year‐old female patient with a background of malignant melanoma who presented with hypercalcaemia to our institution. She was aggressively treated but declined clinically. Computed tomography head and X‐ray studies were suggestive of multiple myeloma, but bone marrow examination was significant for metastatic malignant melanoma. Very few patients with melanoma present with these features, and it further exemplifies the importance of close follow‐up and the aggressive nature of this disease process.
Nursing Home Capabilities and Decisions to Hospitalize: A Survey of Medical Directors and Directors of Nursing
Authors: Buchanan Joan L. , Murkofsky Rachel L. , O'Malley Alistair James , Karon Sarita L. , Zimmerman David , Caudry Daryl J. , Marcantonio Edward R. 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: To obtain information from decision makers about attitudes toward hospitalization and the factors that influence their decisions to hospitalize nursing home residents.DESIGN: Cross‐sectional survey.SETTING: Four hundred forty‐eight nursing homes, 76% of which were nonprofit, from 25 states.PARTICIPANTS: Medical directors and directors of nursing (DONs).MEASUREMENTS: Participants were surveyed about resource availability, determinants of hospitalization, causes of overhospitalization, and nursing home practice.RESULTS: The survey response rate was 81%, with at least one survey from 93% of the facilities. Medical directors and DONs agreed that resident preference was the most important determinant in the decision to hospitalize, followed by quality of life. Although both groups ranked on‐site doctor/nurse practitioner evaluation within 4 hours as the least accessible resource, they did not rank doctors not being quickly available as an important cause of overhospitalization. Rather, medical directors perceived the lack of information and support to residents and families around end‐of‐life care and the lack of familiarity with residents by covering doctors as the most important causes of overhospitalization. DONs agreed but reversed the order. Medical directors and DONs expressed confidence in provider and staff ability, although DONs were significantly more positive.CONCLUSION: Medical directors and DONs agree about most factors that influence decisions to hospitalize nursing home residents. Patient‐centered factors play the largest roles, and the most important causes of overhospitalization are potentially modifiable.
Bone Density Testing in Older Women and Its Association with Patient Age
Authors: Neuner Joan M. , Binkley Neil , Sparapani Rodney A. , Laud Purushottam W. , Nattinger Ann B. 
Published: January 2006

OBJECTIVES: To measure the early adoption of bone density testing and examine the association between older age and such testing.DESIGN: Retrospective study of Medicare administrative claims.SETTING: Five states and six urban regions in the United States.PARTICIPANTS: Female Medicare recipients aged 66 to 90.MEASUREMENTS: Bone density testing in women without prior osteoporosis or fracture (osteoporosis screening) was evaluated. The association between age and osteoporosis screening was then examined while controlling for other demographic and health factors.RESULTS: Of 43,802 women eligible for osteoporosis screening, 22.9% were tested between 1999 and 2001, the first 3 full years of Medicare coverage. Receipt of bone density tests decreased with increasing age, from 27.2% of women aged 66 to 70 to fewer than 10% of women aged 86 to 90. After adjustment for race, comorbidity, fracture risk, and socioeconomic factors, bone density testing decreased significantly with each age category, so that women aged 71 to 75 were slightly less likely than (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) =0.91, 95% confidence interval (CI) =0.86–0.96), women aged 76 to 80 were less likely than (AOR =0.71, 95% CI =0.67–0.76), and women aged 81 to 85 were half as likely as (AOR =0.50, 95% CI =0.46–0.55) women aged 66 to 70 to receive a bone density test.CONCLUSION: In the 3 years after Medicare reimbursement for osteoporosis screening began, adoption of bone density testing was lowest in women in age groups at highest fracture risk.
Modulation of clinical expression of plaque‐induced gingivitis: response in aggressive periodontitis subjects
Authors: Trombelli Leonardo , Scapoli Chiara , Tatakis Dimitris N. , Minenna Luigi 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAim: The aim of this study was to characterize the gingival inflammatory response to de novo plaque accumulation in subjects treated for aggressive periodontitis (AP). The gingival inflammatory response of the AP subjects was retrospectively compared with that of periodontally healthy individuals (PH) matched for exposure to plaque and of periodontally healthy subjects previously identified as “high responders” (HR) and “low responders” (LR).Materials and Methods: 13 AP subjects and 26 matched PH subjects participated in a 21‐day experimental gingivitis trial. Plaque index (PlI), Gingival index (GI), gingival crevicular fluid volume (GCF) and angulated bleeding score (AngBS) were recorded at days 0, 7, 14 and 21. Cumulative plaque exposure (CPE), i.e. PlI over time, was also calculated.Results: GCF was significantly higher in AP compared with PH group at each observation interval (p0.001). In addition, GCF was significantly higher in AP group compared with either LR or HR groups at each observation interval (p<0.001).Conclusions: These results suggest that susceptibility to gingival inflammation in response to de novo plaque accumulation may be related to susceptibility to periodontitis.
Supportive periodontal therapy using mechanical instrumentation or 2% minocycline gel: a 12 month randomized, controlled, single masked pilot study
Authors: McColl E. , Patel K. , Dahlen G. , Tonetti M. , Graziani F. , Suvan J. , Laurell L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective: To compare the short‐term performance of subgingival local delivery of 2% minocycline gel and conventional subgingival debridement in supportive periodontal therapy (SPT) patients.Methods: Forty adult patients having completed active treatment for moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis were included in a randomized, controlled, single masked maintenance care pilot study. Sites with residual pocket probing depths 5 mm and bleeding on probing were treated with either minocycline gel (minocycline‐group) or scaling and root planing only (debridement‐group) at baseline, 3, 6, and 9 months. Clinical and microbiological examinations were performed at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months.Results: Full‐mouth plaque and bleeding scores remained <10% and <20%, respectively, for both groups throughout the study. In both groups there was a persistent reduction in number of teeth and sites with probing pocket depths 5 mm (p<0.05) with no significant differences between the groups. The prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Treponema denticola, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Prevotella nigrescens, remained at levels 105 in the majority of patients and sites in both groups.Conclusion: This pilot study failed to show a difference between local delivery of 2% minocycline gel as mono‐therapy and traditional subgingival debridement in patients on SPT.
Hyper‐reactive mononuclear cells and neutrophils in chronic periodontitis
Authors: Gustafsson A. , Ito H. , Åsman B. , Bergström K. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: Stimulated mono‐ and polymorphonuclear cells from patients with periodontitis have shown increased release of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) and oxygen radicals, respectively. The aim was to study whether this hyper‐reactivity could be found both in mono‐ and polymorphonuclear cells from the same patient, and whether there was a relation to the gene coding for IL‐1β (IL‐1β+3953).Material and Methods: Peripheral mononuclear cells from 14 non‐smoking and well‐treated patients and pair‐matched controls were incubated with opsonized Staphylococcus aureus and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Released IL‐1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α were determined with ELISA. Generation of oxygen radicals from the Fcγ‐receptor‐stimulated neutrophils was measured with chemiluminescence and the polymorphism at IL‐1β+3953 was measured with polymerase chainreaction.Results: The mononuclear cells from the patients released more IL‐1β after incubation with LPS (p<0.001) and with bacteria (p<0.05). The release of TNF‐α tended to be higher in the patient group. The peripheral neutrophils from the patients generated more oxygen radicals (p<0.06). We found no differences between the study groups regarding the IL‐1β+3953 polymorphism.Conclusion: The similarity in systemic inflammation between patients and controls suggests that the increased release/generation of IL‐1β and oxygen radicals from peripheral leukocytes in periodontitis patients is of a constitutional nature and of pathogenic relevance.
The relationship between maternal periodontitis, adverse pregnancy outcome and miscarriage in never smokers
Authors: Farrell (née Moore) S. , Ide M. , Wilson R. F. 
Published: January 2006

Abstract:Background: It has been postulated that associations between periodontal disease and systemic conditions may be because of the confounding effects of smoking. In addition, studies of this type rarely investigate the adverse pregnancy outcome of miscarriage.Aim: The aim of this prospective study was to investigate a relationship between periodontal disease in pregnancy and subsequent adverse pregnancy outcomes in a population of never smokers.Materials and Methods: Pregnant women were recruited at 12 weeks gestation. Demographic, behavioural and medical data were collected. A periodontal examination was performed and data on each subjects' pregnancy outcome were collected.Results: A total of 1793 women reported never previously smoking. Of these, 7.3% had a pre‐term birth and 0.9% a late miscarriage. As expected in this population, we found no associations between poorer periodontal health and either pre‐term birth or low birth weight (LBW). In contrast, the subjects who experienced a late miscarriage had a higher mean probing depth at mesial sites compared with the subjects that gave birth at term (2.69 mm versus 2.41 mm, p=0.006).Conclusions: There was an association between some measures of periodontal disease and late miscarriage; however, there was no association between periodontitis and pre‐term birth or LBW in this population.
Evaluating the quality of active‐control trials in periodontal research
Authors: Tu Yu‐Kang , Maddick Ian , Kellett Margaret , Clerehugh Valerie , Gilthorpe Mark S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractAim: The increasing popularity of randomized‐controlled trials (RCTs) has raiseed the issue of their quality. Frequently overlooked are the differences between superiority and equivalence trials. The purpose of this study was to apply specific methodological criteria to evaluate the quality of active‐control trials using studies that compared guided tissue regeneration (GTR) with enamel matrix derivatives (EMD).Materials and Methods: Seven RCTs were identified in the literature. Standard methodological criteria and seven additional criteria for trials using active‐control groups were used to evaluate the quality of the seven RCTs.Results: Two trials were considered as superiority trials. The remaining five provided no clear statement of their research aim. However, two claimed that EMD and GTR were equally effective, because their results failed to show a significant difference between EMD and GTR. Most trials did not meet the majority of the design criteria.Conclusions: The general lack of compliance with quality criteria might place doubt on the value of these trials and may render any conclusions questionable. It is therefore important to distinguish clearly between superiority trials and equivalence trials, and to incorporate appropriate additional criteria in the design of future RCTs with active‐control groups.
Confounding and effect modification: possible explanation for variation in the results on the association between oral and systemic diseases
Authors: Ylöstalo P. V. , Knuuttila M. L. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: There is large variation in the results of studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases. The variation might be explained by the fact that the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases is confounded, or the association might be modified by extraneous factors. In this article, we show, using simple examples, how confounding and effect modification may cause variation in results. In addition, these examples show that uncontrolled or partially controlled confounders can induce spurious associations.Conclusion: Confounding and effect modification may explain the variation in the results of studies on the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases.
Periodontal status among relatives of aggressive periodontitis patients and reliability of family history report
Authors: Llorente M. A. , Griffiths G. S. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: To assess the periodontal status of relatives of Aggressive Periodontitis (AgP) patients, and to evaluate the reliability of the family history report as provided by the proband.Material and Methods: Data from 54 AgP patients were gathered along with a family history report for each of their relatives. Only 27 patients (probands) had relatives willing to be examined. This yielded a total of 61 relatives from whom the periodontal status was obtained. The family history report for each examined relative was compared with the periodontal diagnosis made at examination to assess reliability.Results: Eight percentage of the examined relatives, aged between 12–76, were diagnosed with AgP, while chronic periodontitis was present in 39%, gingivitis in 38% and 15% were healthy. If the report provided by the proband was positive, the likelihood of finding any type of periodontitis in that relative was 85.7%, whereas if the report was negative the likelihood of the absence of periodontitis was 70.6%.Conclusion: The percentage of examined relatives who were affected with AgP (8%), although lower than percentages reported in other AgP family studies, was still higher than the prevalence of the condition in random populations. Reliability of periodontal family history was considered good and more reliable when it was positive.
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF GLUTEN‐FREE PANCAKES FROM RICE AND SWEET POTATO FLOURS
Authors: SHIH F.F. , TRUONG V.D. , DAIGLE K.W. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Gluten‐free pancakes were prepared using rice flour and rice flour replaced with various amounts, at 10, 20 and 40%, of sweet potato flour. Textural properties of the cooked pancakes, such as hardness and chewiness generally increased with time after cooking, whereas they decreased with increased sweet potato flour replacement. On the other hand, cohesiveness decreased with time, but increased with increased sweet potato flour in the pancake. Nutritional properties of the rice–sweet potato pancakes, such as protein content, dietary fiber, total carbohydrate and calories were generally comparable with those of their wheat counterpart. The only significant difference was in the beta‐carotene content, which increased from 5.2 to 236.1 μg/g when sweet potato flour was incorporated, from 0 to 40%, into the rice pancake formulation.
COMPARISON OF HEADSPACE SOLID PHASE MICROEXTRACTION AND XAD‐2 METHODS TO EXTRACT VOLATILE COMPOUNDS PRODUCED BYSACCHAROMYCESDURING WINE FERMENTATIONS
Authors: BOHLSCHEID JEFFRI C. , WANG XIAO‐DONG , MATTINSON D. SCOTT , EDWARDS CHARLES G. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTA modified headspace solid phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method was compared with Amberlite® XAD‐2 resin for the extraction of volatile compounds. In the HS‐SPME method, volatiles were extracted using an 85 μm polyacrylate fiber from wines that contained a standardized amount of ethanol (10% v/v), NaCl (0.325 g/mL) and internal standards (dodecanol and nonanoic acid). Both extraction procedures yielded high relative recoveries (>92%) and reproducibilities (coefficient of variations ≤ 11%) for the different higher alcohols, esters and medium‐chain fatty acids. Overall, limits of detection for the HS‐SPME and XAD‐2 methods were below sensory threshold concentrations. HS‐SPME and XAD‐2 performed similarly in the analysis of a Riesling wine; however, the HS‐SPME method did not require organic solvents and was generally quicker to perform. In applying the HS‐SPME method, differences in concentrations of volatile compounds produced in Riesling and Chenin blanc wines by 11 different yeast strains were noted.
EFFECTS OF VARIETY AND GROWTH SEASON ON THE ORGANOLEPTIC AND NUTRITIONAL QUALITY OF HYDROPONICALLY GROWN TOMATO
Authors: ANZA MIKEL , RIGA PATRICK , GARBISU CARLOS 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACTThe effects of variety and season on several organoleptic and nutritional quality parameters (i.e., dry weight (dw), total sugars, soluble solid compounds, titratable acidity (TA), electrical conductivity (EC), juiciness, firmness, vitamin C (vit C), total phenolic compounds, hydrophilic antioxidant capacity and minerals) of five different varieties of tomatoes (i.e., Jack, Cabrales, Jaguar, Iker and Nevada) grown in two crop cycles (spring and autumn) were studied. Each variety presented its own specific characteristics regarding the chosen parameters. Firmness, TA and EC were season dependent, whereas soluble solids content did not change between cycles. In some varieties, the dw, juiciness and total sugars were affected by climatic conditions. The total phenolic compounds and the hydrophilic antioxidant capacity were variety dependent in both cycles. By contrast, the vit C content was variety dependent only in the autumn cycle. Similarly, these latter parameters (phenolic compounds, hydrophilic antioxidant capacity and vit C) were also season dependent, showing higher values in the spring than in the autumn cycle. The effect of tomato variety and season on mineral contents is also discussed. Those tomatoes grown in the spring cycle had better quality according to the organoleptic parameters studied here as well as to a higher antioxidant capacity. The percentages of the recommended dietary allowances supplied by the studied tomatoes were not significantly affected by variety or season, despite differences in their physicochemical compositions.
SENSORY EVALUATION OF HOME DRIED FRUIT PREPARED USING TREATMENTS THAT ENHANCE DESTRUCTION OF PATHOGENIC BACTERIA
Authors: DIPERSIO PATRICIA A. , KENDALL PATRICIA A. , SOFOS JOHN N. 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Foodborne illness associated with dried foods has prompted research in the area of home‐food preservation. We assessed consumer responses to dehydrated fruits prepared using treatments shown to enhance pathogen destruction. Peach, pear, cantaloupe, apple, tomato and banana samples were left untreated or immersed (10 min, 25C) in 3.4% ascorbic acid or 1.7% citric acid before dehydration (60C). Untrained consumers (n = 280) participated in four sensory panels conducted over an 8‐month period. Panelists were primarily female students (21–34 years of age). Acid treatments maintained or improved the appearance and overall acceptability of dehydrated fruit pieces. Citric acid was more effective than ascorbic acid at inhibiting browning in dried peach, banana and tomato samples. Results suggest differences among fruits necessitate the careful evaluation of treatments to maximize the quality of dried fruits. Guidelines for the safe and palatable preparation of dehydrated fruits are available through Cooperative Extension Services (CES).
DIFFERENTIATION OF ACTIVITY PATTERNS IN THE SUPRAHYOID MUSCLES DURING SWALLOWING OF FOODS WITH FIVE TASTE QUALITIES
Authors: MIYAOKA YOZO , ASHIDA ICHIRO , INAGAKI DAIGO , KAWAKAMI SHIN‐YA 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT Activity patterns of the suprahyoid muscles were examined using a new analytical technique. The suprahyoid activities were recorded during swallowing of tasteless foods and foods with taste qualities (sweet, salty, sour, bitter and umami). The technique involved: (1) division of cumulative integrated suprahyoid activities from each swallow into 10 equal sections and (2) assignment of individually sectioned activities to a standardized timescale as TP (from T10To T100; relative time for P% of the cumulative electromyogram) to enable comparison of data from different trials. Three significant differences were found in T

p

between the following foods: tasteless and sour, tasteless and bitter, and sour and umami. However, the differences were not repeatedly confirmed. These results suggest that gustatory signals from food tastes affect differentially the activity patterns of the suprahyoid muscles during pharyngeal swallowing, although the effect is not permanent. This method may be used to measure taste impressions in infants and in certain disabled subjects.
TWO TYPES OF SENSORY PANELS OR ARE THERE MORE?
Authors: SCRIVEN FRANCES 
Published: January 2006

ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to discuss the issues associated with selecting assessors for sensory panels. It develops the argument that although there are many variations in the detail of how assessors are selected, all panels can be considered as either (1) selecting respondents to measure ingredient concentrations via perceptions or (2) selecting respondents to represent the response that would be obtained from a wider consumer population. The validity of the data collected, i.e., the extent to which the data collected measures what was originally intended, depends on the detail of how assessors were selected as well as a number of other factors.