bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Safety, a Strategic Tool for Improving Manufacturing Systems
Authors: Sawhney R.S. , Knight L.J. 
Published: January 2009

Often, manufacturing systems operate under the common perception that safety projects are generally detrimental to successful manufacturing operations. On the contrary, emphasizing safety on all levels of a corporation can not only create an overall more positive attitude in the workplace while reducing worker's compensation and insurance costs, but it can also improve the manufacturing capabilities of an organization Within this paper, a model is presented which can prove safety-related ventures can be lucrative in measurable manufacturing terms. The model shows that accepting safety-related projects and approaching safety standards more positively will actually improve manufacturing strategy components such as quality, productivity, utilization, and reliability. It also includes redefining the mission statement of the corporation, developing a manufacturing strategy emphasizing safety, and implementing safety measures in all aspects of the corporation. Such evaluations in measurable terms will result in greater percentages of safety projects being accepted because relevant information will be communicated to managers in terms they can easily understand. Results indicate that there is a correlation between implementing safety projects and the improvement of manufacturing capabilities. Therefore, one can infer that safety, like quality, cost, and time, is a strategic tool to be used for improving manufacturing, and not merely a tangential issue.
Auditory Perception
Authors: Haas Ellen C. 
Published: January 2009

Auditory perception involves the human listener's awareness or apprehension of auditory stimuli in the environment. Auditory stimuli, which include speech communications as well as non-speech signals, occur in the presence and absence of environmental noise. Non-speech auditory signals range from simple pure tones to complex signals found in three-dimensional auditory displays. Special hearing protection device (HPD) designs, as well as additions to conventional protectors, have been developed to improve speech communication and auditory perception capabilities of those exposed to noise. The thoughtful design of auditory stimuli and the proper design, selection, and use of HPDs within the environment can improve human performance and reduce accidents. The purpose of this symposium will be to discuss issues in auditory perception and to describe methods to improve the perception of auditory stimuli in environments with and without noise. The issues of interest include the perception of non-speech auditory signals and the improvement of auditory perception capabilities of persons exposed to noise. The first three papers of this symposium describe the perception of non-speech auditory signals. Ellen Haas defines the extent to which certain signal elements affect the perceived urgency of auditory warning signals. Michael D. Good and Dr. Robert H. Gilkey investigate free-field masking as a function of the spatial separation between signal and masker sounds within the horizontal and median planes. Jeffrey M. Gerth explores the discrimination of complex auditory signal components that differ by sound category, temporal pattern, density, and component manipulation. The fourth paper of this symposium focuses upon the improvement of auditory perception capabilities of persons exposed to hazardous noise, and who must wear hearing protection. Special HPD designs, as well as additions to conventional protectors, have been developed to improve speech communication and auditory perception capabilities of persons exposed to noise. Dr. John G. Casali reviews several new HPD technologies and describes construction features, empirical performance data, and applications of each device. These papers illustrate current research issues in the perception of auditory signals. The issues are all relevant to the human factors engineering of auditory signals and personal protective gear. The perception of auditory stimuli can be improved by the thoughtful human factors design of auditory stimuli and by the proper use of HPDs.
Virtual Reality and Human Factors
Authors: Thomas John C. , Stuart Rory 
Published: January 2009

The terms “Virtual Reality”, “Artificial Reality”, and “Cyberspace” have been prevalent in the popular press recently. There has also been considerable professional interest. (See Table 1 of recent conferences). This field is an outgrowth of three factors: 1) increases in available technologies of display, storage, and CPU along with new interface devices. 2) increases in the awareness of the importance of the “user interface” and 3) an increase in the awareness of the need for better means of collaboration. While “Virtual Reality” is arguably not completely new, it is only in the last few years that these technological and social trends mentioned above have resulted in the growth of “Virtual Reality” as a field. We argue that “Virtual Reality” is an important phenomenon for the human factors community in at least three distinct ways. First, like other new technologies, Virtual Reality requires human factors research to reach its full potential. Second, Virtual Reality offers the human factors professional an important new tool of investigation. Third, as a tool of communication and collaboration, virtual reality may serve as a medium for collaborative design and/or a means for communicating the results of human factors issues.
New data on systematics of the quill mites of the genus Syringophiloidus Kethley, 1970 (Acari, Syringophilidae) from North American birds
Authors: Skoracki Maciej , Flannery Maureen , Spicer Greg 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSix species of the syringophilid mites belonging to the genus Syringophiloidus Kethley, 1970 (Acari, Prostigmata) are recorded from eight avian hosts from USA. Four new species are described and illustrated: S. molothrus sp. nov. from the Brown-headed Cowbird Molothrus ater (Boddaert) (Passeriformes, Icteridae), S. carolae sp. nov. from the Acorn Woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus (Swainson) (Piciformes, Picidae) and from the Northern Cardinal Cardinalis cardinalis (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes, Cardinalidae), S. sialius sp. nov. from the Western Bluebird Sialia mexicana Swainson (Passeriformes, Turdidae), and S. thryothorus sp. nov. from the Carolina Wren Thryothorus ludovicianus (Latham) (Passeriformes, Troglodytidae). The previously described species S. motacillae Bochkov et Mironov, 1998 is new for USA. Two host species, the American Robin Turdus migratorius Linnaeus (Turdidae) and the Steller’s Jay Cyanocitta stelleri (Gmelin) (Passeriformes, Corvidae), are new for S. presentalis Chirov et Kravtsova, 1995.
The mesoparasitic copepod Trifur tortuosus Wilson, 1917 (Pennellidae): Redescription with notes on its congeners
Authors: Etchegoin Jorge , Lanfranchi Ana , Timi Juan 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe genus TrifurWilson, 1917 (Siphonostomatoida, Pennellidae) comprises relatively large and conspicuous parasitic copepods infecting the body surface and gills of several marine fishes. Variations in the gross morphology have been used to discriminate between the existing species of Trifur, however all previous descriptions of these species are brief, lacking many important characteristics, especially those of the head and trunk appendages, which usually were lost in the described specimens. In this paper, T. tortuosus is redescribed based on newly collected material from three species of fishes from Argentinean coasts. A detailed description of appendages morphology is given and the validity of T. merluccii Talice, 1936; T. puntaniger Thomé, 1963; T. physiculi Heegaard, 1962 and T. lotellae (Thomson, 1890) is herewith discussed.
Two new species of Sciadicleithrum (Monogenea, Dactylogyridae) parasites of Neotropical cichlid fishes from the Paraná River, Brazil
Authors: Yamada Fábio , Takemoto Ricardo , Bellay Sybelle , Pavanelli Gilberto 
Published: January 2009

AbstractTwo new species of Sciadicleithrum are described from the gills of Neotropical cichlid fishes collected from Paraná River, Brazil. Sciadicleithrum satanopercae sp. nov. is described from the gills of Satanoperca pappaterra and differs from congeners by having a dorsal anchor with the distal portion complex and the inner margin with a “denticulum” between shaft and point. Sciadicleithrum joanae sp. nov. is described from the gills of Crenicichla niederleinii and C. britskii collected from Paraná River. Sciadicleithrum joanae sp. nov. differs from congeners by having a male copulatory organ comprising about half a clockwise loop and a vaginal pore “bulb-shaped”.
A survey of Skolem-type sequences and Rosa’s use of them
Authors: Francetić Nevena , Mendelsohn Eric 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Let D be a set of positive integers. A Skolem-type sequence is a sequence of i ∈ D such that every i ∈ D appears exactly twice in the sequence at positions a
i and b
i, and |b
i − a
i| = i. These sequences might contain empty positions, which are filled with null elements. Thoralf A. Skolem defined and studied Skolem sequences in order to generate solutions to Heffter’s difference problems. Later, Skolem sequences were generalized in many ways to suit constructions of different combinatorial designs. Alexander Rosa made the use of these generalizations into a fine art. Here we give a survey of Skolem-type sequences and their applications.
An Improved Process for the N‐Demethylation of Opiate Alkaloids using an Iron(II) Catalyst in Acetate Buffer
Authors: Kok Gaik , Ashton Trent D. , Scammells Peter J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAn improved process to N‐demethylate opiate alkaloids utilising a solution of the ferrous porphyrin, tetrasodium 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐sulfophenyl)porphyrinatoiron(II) [=Fe(II)‐TPPS (8)], in acetate buffer is described. This method provided the corresponding N‐demethylated opiates in good yield with high reproducibility.
Material design using molecular modeling for hydrogen storage
Authors: Darkrim Lamari F. , Weinberger B. , Kunowsky M. , Levesque D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractUsing grand canonical Monte‐Carlo simulations, the adsorption capacities and isosteric heats of hydrogen on activated carbons, graphite nanofibers, and bundles of carbon nanotubes are estimated for identical thermodynamic states. These computations allow a systematic, meaningful, and unbiased comparison of the adsorption properties of hydrogen in such porous materials. The comparison shows that the hydrogen storage capacity can be optimized, but only to a limited extent, in adjusting the material pore sizes and functionalizing a part of the adsorption sites. Therefore, at room temperature and up to 70.0 MPa, for the three models of carbonaceous adsorbents, the hydrogen maximal excess adsorption is of the order of 2% of the adsorbent mass. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Long‐term follow‐up of 386 consecutive patients with essential thrombocythemia: Safety of cytoreductive therapy
Authors: Palandri Francesca , Catani Lucia , Testoni Nicoletta , Ottaviani Emanuela , Polverelli Nicola , Fiacchini Mauro , De Vivo Antonio , Salmi Federica , Lucchesi Alessandro , Baccarani Michele , Vianelli Nicola 
Published: January 2009

AbstractCytotoxic agents like Hydroxyurea, Busulfan and Interferon‐alpha are to date the most commonly used therapeutic approaches in Essential Thrombocythemia (ET). However, few data on the efficacy and safety of these agents in the long‐term are currently available. We report a retrospective analysis of the long‐term outcome of 386 consecutive ET patients, followed at single Institution for a median follow‐up of 9.5 years (range, 3–28.5). Cytoreductive therapy was administered to 338 patients (88%), obtaining a response in 86% of cases. Forty‐five patients (12%) experienced a thrombosis. Among baseline characteristics, only history of vascular events prior to ET diagnosis predicted a higher incidence of thrombosis. Evolution in acute leukemia/myelofibrosis occurred in 6 (1,5%) and 20 (5%) patients, and was significantly higher in patients receiving sequential cytotoxic agents. Overall survival was 38% at 19 years and was poorer for patients older than 60 years, with higher leukocytes count (>15 × 109/L), hypertension and mellitus diabetes at ET diagnosis and for patients experiencing a thrombotic event during follow‐up. Cytoreductive therapy was effective in decreasing platelet number with negligible toxicity; however, thrombocytosis control did not reduce the incidence of thrombosis and, for patients who received sequential therapies, the probability of disease evolution was higher and survival was poorer. Am. J. Hematol. 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Gas‐Phase versus Liquid‐Phase Structures by Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Tian Zhixin , Kass Steven R. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBevorzugte Protonierung: Produziert Elektrospray‐Ionisierungsmassenspektrometrie Gasphasen‐ oder Flüssigphasenstrukturen? Die bevorzugte Protonierungsstelle in para‐Aminobenzolsäure hängt vom Medium ab, und die Struktur ihrer konjugierten Säure variiert mit dem Lösungsmittel, das beim Sprayvorgang eingesetzt wird.magnified image
Two‐Dimensional Polymers: Just a Dream of Synthetic Chemists?
Authors: Sakamoto Junji , van Heijst Jeroen , Lukin Oleg , Schlüter A. Dieter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractIn light of the considerable impact synthetic 2D polymers are expected to have on many fundamental and applied aspects of the natural and engineering sciences, it is surprising that little research has been carried out on these intriguing macromolecules. Although numerous approaches have been reported over the last several decades, the synthesis of a one monomer unit thick, covalently bonded molecular sheet with a long‐range ordered (periodic) internal structure has yet to be achieved. This Review provides an overview of these approaches and an analysis of how to synthesize 2D polymers. This analysis compares polymerizations in (initially) a homogeneous phase with those at interfaces and considers structural aspects of monomers as well as possibly preferred connection modes. It also addresses issues such as shrinkage as well as domain and crack formation, and briefly touches upon how the chances for a successful structural analysis of the final product can possibly be increased.
Stable Five‐Membered‐Ring Allenes with Second‐Row Elements Only: Not Allenes, But Zwitterions
Authors: Christl Manfred , Engels Bernd 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA pyrazole derivative, considered as the stable five‐membered cyclic allene 1 a by Dyker, Bertrand, et al., is reinterpreted to be a zwitterion 1 b. It is shown that the bonding characteristics typical for an allene are not possible for structure 1 a. Ar=2,6‐dimethylphenyl.magnified image
Synthesis of Large‐Pore Urea‐Bridged Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas
Authors: Gao Ling , Wei Feng , Zhou Yu , Fan Xiao Xing , Wang Ying , Zhu Jian Hua 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBringing order: A new class of periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with a urea‐bridged organosilica precursor under acid‐catalyzed and inorganic‐salt‐assisted conditions was obtained. The large‐pore hybrid materials have ordered mesostructure with uniform pore size distributions, which can be seen from the TEM images.magnified imageIn this article we report the successful synthesis of a new class of periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs) with a urea‐bridged organosilica precursor under acid‐catalyzed and inorganic‐salt‐assisted conditions. The large‐pore hybrid materials have an ordered mesostructure with uniform pore size distributions, excellent thick framework walls, thermal stability, and specific functional groups. The composition of the mesoporous organosilicas was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, 13C cross‐polarization magic‐angle spinning (CP MAS) NMR spectroscopy, and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy.
Capsaicin: Tailored Chemical Defence Against Unwanted “Frugivores”
Authors: Schulze Birgit , Spiteller Dieter 
Published: January 2009

AbstractWhy are chilli peppers hot? The vanillyl amide, capsaicin, has long been known as the pungent principle of peppers, but only in their recent work have Tewksbury et al. addressed its ecological roles: to distract unsuitable seed dispensers and to protect the seeds against fungal infection by Fusarium.magnified image
The Chemistry of Escapin: Identification and Quantification of the Components in the Complex Mixture Generated by an L‐Amino Acid Oxidase in the Defensive Secretion of the Sea Snail Aplysia californica
Authors: Kamio Michiya , Ko Ko‐Chun , Zheng Shilong , Wang Binghe , Collins Stacy L. , Gadda Giovanni , Tai Phang C. , Derby Charles D. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA complex mixture of products in an enzymatic reaction: Aplysia californica releases amino acid oxidase and its substrate lysine in defensive secretions to produce a mixture of multiple compounds (see figure).magnified imageEscapin is an L‐amino acid oxidase in the ink of a marine snail, the sea hare Aplysia californica, which oxidizes L‐lysine (1) to produce a mixture of chemicals which is antipredatory and antimicrobial. The goal of our study was to determine the identity and relative abundance of the constituents of this mixture, using molecules generated enzymatically with escapin and also using products of organic syntheses. We examined this mixture under the natural range of pH values for ink—from ≈5 at full strength to ≈8 when fully diluted in sea water. The enzymatic reaction likely forms an equilibrium mixture containing the linear form α‐keto‐ε‐aminocaproic acid (2), the cyclic imine Δ1‐piperidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (3), the cyclic enamine Δ2‐piperidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (4), possibly the linear enol 6‐amino‐2‐hydroxy‐hex‐2‐enoic acid (7), the α‐dihydroxy acid 6‐amino‐2,2‐dihydroxy‐hexanoic acid (8), and the cyclic aminol 2‐hydroxy‐piperidine‐2‐carboxylic acid (9). Using NMR and mass spectroscopy, we show that 3 is the major component of this enzymatic product at any pH, but at more basic conditions, the equilibrium shifts to produce relatively more 4, and at acidic conditions, the equilibrium shifts to produce relatively more 2, 7, and/or 9. Studies of escapin’s enzyme kinetics demonstrate that because of the high concentrations of escapin and L‐lysine in the ink secretion, millimolar concentrations of 3, H2O2, and ammonia are produced, and also lower concentrations of 2, 4, 7, and 9 as a result. We also show that reactions of this mixture with H2O2 produce δ‐aminovaleric acid (5) and δ‐valerolactam (6), with 6 being the dominant component under the naturally acidic conditions of ink. Thus, the product of escapin’s action on L‐lysine contains an equilibrium mixture that is more complex than previously known for any L‐amino acid oxidase.
The extent of minimal residual disease reduction after the first 4‐week imatinib therapy determines outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adults with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Lee Seok , Kim Yoo‐Jin , Chung Nak‐Gyun , Lim Jihyang , Lee Dong‐Gun , Kim Hee‐Je , Min Chang‐Ki , Lee Jong‐Wook , Min Woo‐Sung , Kim Chun‐Choo 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Previously, the authors demonstrated the positive impact of imatinib on the outcome of allogeneic stem cell transplantation in adults with Philadelphia chromosome‐positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph‐positive ALL). Here, the authors analyzed for risk factors that affect transplantation outcome, and they focused particularly on the prognostic relevance of minimal residual disease level at each treatment stage.METHODS:Fifty‐two patients with newly diagnosed Ph‐positive ALL who completed allogeneic stem cell transplantation following imatinib therapy were enrolled in this study. For minimal residual disease monitoring, 548 marrow samples were analyzed by a real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay.RESULTS:After the first 4‐week imatinib therapy, 11 patients (21.2%) achieved molecular remission, and the remaining 41 patients had a reduction in BCR‐ABL transcript levels (median, 3.21 log) from baseline value. The frequency of achieving a reduction in BCR‐ABL transcript levels of at least 3 log at this stage was 36 (69.2%). Forty‐eight (92.3%) of the 52 patients received stem cell transplantation during first complete remission. With a median follow‐up of 49 months after stem cell transplantation, the 4‐year relapse rate and disease‐free survival rate were 21.2% and 69.8%, respectively. A reduction in BCR‐ABL transcript levels of at least 3 log after the first 4‐week imatinib therapy was identified as the most powerful predictor of lower relapse (12.1% vs 45.1%, P = .011) and better disease‐free survival (82.1% vs 41.7%, P = .009) rates.CONCLUSIONS:Prospective assessment of the extent of minimal residual disease reduction after the first 4‐week imatinib therapy may allow the authors to identify subgroups of Ph‐positive ALL transplants at high risk of relapse. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Promoting physical activity in childhood cancer survivors
Authors: Cox Cheryl L. , Montgomery Michele , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Leisenring Wendy , Zeltzer Lonnie , Whitton John A. , Mertens Ann C. , Hudson Melissa M. , Robison Leslie L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND:Although physical activity may modify the late effects of childhood cancer treatment, from 20% to 52% of adult survivors are sedentary. The authors of this report sought to identify modifiable factors that influence survivors' participation in physical activity.METHODS:Structural equation modeling of data were derived from the Childhood Cancer Survivors Study of adult survivors (current mean age, 30.98 years; mean years since diagnosis, 23.74; mean age at diagnosis, 9.25 years) who were diagnosed between 1970 and 1986.RESULTS:Approximately 40% of the variance in male survivors' recent participation versus nonparticipation in physical activity was explained directly and/or indirectly by self‐reported health fears (P = .01), perceived primary‐care physician (PCP) expertise (P = .01), baseline exercise frequency (P ≤ .001), education level (P = .01), self‐reported stamina (P = .01), cancer‐related pain (P ≤ .001), fatigue (P ≤ .001), age at diagnosis (P = .01), cancer‐related anxiety (P ≤ .001), motivation (P = .01), affect (P = .01), and discussion of subsequent cancer risk with the PCP (P ≤ .001) (N = 256; chi‐square test statistic = 53.38; degrees of freedom [df] = 51; P = .38, Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 1.000; Tucker Lewis Index [TLI] = 1.000; root mean square of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.014; weighted root mean square residual [WRMR] = 0.76). Thirty‐one percent of the variance in women' recent physical activity participation was explained directly and/or indirectly by self‐reported stamina (P ≤ .001), fatigue (P = .01), baseline exercise frequency (P = .01), cancer‐related pain (P ≤ .001), cancer‐related anxiety (P = .01), recency of visits with PCP (<0.001), quality of interaction with the PCP (P = .01), and motivation (P ≤ .001; N = 366; chi‐square test statistic = 67.52; df = 55; P = .12; CFI = 0.98; TLI = 0.98; RMSEA = 0.025; WRMR = 0.76).CONCLUSIONS:Gender‐tailored intervention strategies in which providers specifically target motivation, fear, and affect may support physical activity in childhood cancer survivors. Cancer 2009. © 2008 American Cancer Society.