bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Aftershock Investigation in the Andaman–Nicobar Islands of India and Its Seismotectonic Implications
Authors: Mishra O. P. , Kayal J. R. , Chakrabortty G. K. , Singh O. P. , Ghosh D. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractSix three-component short-period digital seismograph (four Reftek and two Kinemetrics) stations were established in different parts of the Andaman– Nicobar Islands following the 26 December 2004 devastating Sumatra–Andaman mainshock (Mw 9.3). Here, we analyze about 18,000 aftershocks (M ≥3.0) recorded from 6 January to 16 March 2005 to better understand the seismotectonics of the region. A sudden burst of aftershock activity with irregular trend in the month of January 2005 was observed at almost all seismograph stations. The estimate of P- value = 0.9532 from aftershocks (M ≥4.5) is near to normal value of 1.0, which suggests a slow decay sequence of aftershock with complex and nonuniform stress change in a fault system (creep effects and history-dependent stress changes). The frequency–magnitude relation of the aftershocks followed the power law with average b-value of 0.7723 and it varies from 0.49 to 1.03, indicating the compressive stress state of the region and its heterogeneous structure with possible variations in frictional conditions along the fault. The distribution of the located aftershocks by a multistation method shows a north–south-trending aftershock cluster in an area of about 800 × 300 km2, which reflects an approximate rupture dimension of the mainshock beneath the Andaman–Nicobar Islands. Most of aftershocks occurred in a depth range of 5–65 km. The determination of composite fault-plane solutions of the best located aftershock clusters at three different depth ranges (0–15, 16–30, and &gt;31 km) in the ten blocks of the region suggests that the mainshock rupture propagated through normal, reverse, and strike-slip earthquakes. The areas in the vicinity of Barren and Narcondum volcanic zones show a dominantly normal fault mechanism due to predominant tensional forces, suggesting the facilitation of brittle failure in the weakened crust by the process of underheating. The zone near Baratang mud volcano is associated predominantly with thrust fault at depth of 0–30 km, suggesting a high compressive force beneath the Baratang that ejected a huge amount of mud and slurry materials to the surface after the 26 December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake (Mw 9.3). Here, we propose that the relocation of our large aftershock dataset using converted sP-depth-phase technique for precise depth control is needed, and its sharing with global earthquake data can render more information on the subduction dynamics and geodynamical processes of the region.
Coseismic Slip and Afterslip of the GreatMw 9.15 Sumatra–Andaman Earthquake of 2004
Authors: Chlieh Mohamed , Avouac Jean-Philippe , Hjorleifsdottir Vala , Song Teh-Ru Alex , Ji Chen , Sieh Kerry , Sladen Anthony , Hebert Helene , Prawirodirdjo Linette , Bock Yehuda , Galetzka John 
Published: January 2007

AbstractWe determine coseismic and the first-month postseismic deformation associated with the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 from near- field Global Positioning System (gps) surveys in northwestern Sumatra and along the Nicobar-Andaman islands, continuous and campaign gps measurements from Thailand and Malaysia, and in situ and remotely sensed observations of the vertical motion of coral reefs. The coseismic model shows that the Sunda subduction megathrust ruptured over a distance of about 1500 km and a width of less than 150 km, releasing a total moment of 6.7–7.0 × 1022 N m, equivalent to a magnitude Mw ∼9.15. The latitudinal distribution of released moment in our model has three distinct peaks at about 4° N, 7° N, and 9° N, which compares well to the latitudinal variations seen in the seismic inversion and of the analysis of radiated T waves. Our coseismic model is also consistent with interpretation of normal modes and with the amplitude of very-long-period surface waves. The tsunami predicted from this model fits relatively well the altimetric measurements made by the jason and topex satellites. Neither slow nor delayed slip is needed to explain the normal modes and the tsunami wave. The near-field geodetic data that encompass both coseismic deformation and up to 40 days of postseismic deformation require that slip must have continued on the plate interface after the 500-sec-long seismic rupture. The postseismic geodetic moment of about 2.4 × 1022 N m (Mw ∼8.8) is equal to about 30 ± 5% of the coseismic moment release. Evolution of postseismic deformation is consistent with rate-strengthening frictional afterslip.Online material: Summary of geodetic data used in this study.
Rupture Kinematics of the 2005Mw 8.6 Nias–Simeulue Earthquake from the Joint Inversion of Seismic and Geodetic Data
Authors: Konca A. Ozgun , Hjorleifsdottir Vala , Song Teh-Ru Alex , Avouac Jean-Philippe , Helmberger Don V. , Ji Chen , Sieh Kerry , Briggs Richard , Meltzner Aron 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe 2005 Mw 8.6 Nias–Simeulue earthquake was caused by rupture of a portion of the Sunda megathrust offshore northern Sumatra. This event occurred within an array of continuous Global Positioning System (gps) stations and produced measurable vertical displacement of the fringing coral reefs above the fault rupture. Thus, this earthquake provides a unique opportunity to assess the source characteristics of a megathrust event from the joint analysis of seismic data and near-field static co-seismic displacements. Based on the excitation of the normal mode data and geodetic data we put relatively tight constraints on the seismic moment and the fault dip, where the dip is determined to be 8° to 10° with corresponding moments of 1.24 × 1022 to 1.00 × 1022 N m, respectively. The geodetic constraints on slip distribution help to eliminate the trade-off between rupture velocity and slip kinematics. Source models obtained from the inversion of various combinations of the teleseismic body waves and geodetic data are evaluated by comparing predicted and observed long-period seismic waveforms (100–500 sec). Our results indicate a relatively slow average rupture velocity of 1.5 to 2.5 km/sec and long average rise time of up to 20 sec. The earthquake nucleated between two separate slip patches, one beneath Nias and the other beneath Simeulue Island. The gap between the two patches and the hypocentral location appears to be coincident with a local geological disruption of the forearc. Coseismic slip clearly tapers to zero before it reaches the trench probably because the rupture propagation was inhibited when it reached the accretionary prism. Using the models from joint inversions, we estimate the peak ground velocity on Nias Island to be about 30 cm/sec, an order of magnitude slower than for thrust events in continental areas. This study emphasizes the importance of utilizing multiple datasets in imaging seismic ruptures.
Late Mesozoic extensional tectonics in the North China block: a crustal response to subcontinental mantle removal?
Authors: Lin Wei , Wang Qingchen 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
In the North China block, Cretaceous extensional tectonics is expressed by numerous syntectonic plutons bounded by ductile normal faults and several metamorphic core complexes (MCC). Cretaceous half-grabens filled by continental terrigenous deposits are widespread. The examples of MCC from South Liaoning Peninsula, Yiwulüshan, Hohhot as well as the Yunmengshan syntectonic pluton spread along ca 2000 km suggest that the early Cretaceous extensional tectonics in the North China block is globally symmetric. The geodynamics setting of this continental-scale extension remains disputed. It is not satisfactorily explained by back-arc rifting related to the Paleo-Pacific subduction or crustal “unthickening”. Mantle lithosphere removal is, however, considered. Upwelling of asthenosphere may be the origin of heat advection and fluid transfer from mantle to lower crust, thus triggerring the Cretaceous magmatism, crustal softening and diffuse continental stretching. Several possible lithosphere-scale models, such as convective removal of mantle lithosphere and detachment of a large piece of mantle, are discussed.
The late extension in the inner western Alps: a synthesis along the south-Pelvoux transect
Authors: Tricart Pierre , Lardeaux Jean-Marc , Schwartz Stéphane , Sue Christian 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
During the Oligocene, in the central western Alps, tectonic accretion of the external domain to the internal orogenic wedge along the Briançonnais frontal thrust (BFT) was followed by backfolding, resulting in the Alpine fanning structure. The Briançonnais fan axis was rapidly exhumed by erosion. This growing wedge at the scale of the entire Alpine structure was a short-lived situation that ended with the onset of extension in its internal part, before the end Oligocene. To the east, in the Queyras Piedmont Schistes lustrés, extension in ductile then brittle conditions accommodated the tectonic denudation of the Dora-Maira crystalline massif below the Monviso ophiolites, themselves exhumed below the Queyras Schistes lustrés. Consistently, the final cooling of these Schistes lustrés becomes younger eastwards during the Miocene. To the west, inversion of the BFT was directly associated with dense normal faulting in the Briançonnais-Piedmont nappe stack. Local reactivation of thrust surfaces resulted in spectacular trains of tilted blocks oriented parallel and normal to the orogen. When considered at the scale of the entire internal zones, the brittle extension developed during the Neogene globally displays a multitrend character. It is a close to radial spreading that strongly suggests the gravitational collapse of an overthickened crust. Extensional movement along the BFT and multitrend normal faulting in its hangingwall continue at present, resulting in shallow depth seismic activity. From the Neogene onwards, the Alpine structure underwent contrasting tectonic regimes. Extension limited the growth of the internal wedge or accompanied its thinning at least in its upper part. Concurrently the external wedge continued growing through successive folding-thrusting phases.
Origin and modelling of water salinization in a coastal aquifer of the Bay of Bengal: The Kaluvelly watershed, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: D’ozouville Noémi , Violette Sophie , Gassama Nathalie , Dia Aline , Jendrzejewski Nathalie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractOver-pumping of the Vanur sandstone aquifer has led to a lowering of the piezometric surface and degradation of water quality through increased salinization. This aquifer salinization is a good example of many similar problems in India and other parts of the world. The Vanur Formation is the main aquifer of a multilayered system bordered by the sea on the eastern side and partly overlaid by the brackish waters of the Kaluvelly swamp in the north. The origin of the salinity, which apparently is not simply seawater intrusion, and its dynamics are examined, using chemical and isotopic tools together with 1D hydrological modelling of the movement of the seawater/fresh water interface.The content of major elements and some trace elements as well as isotopic ratios (18O/16O, D/H and 87Sr/86Sr) were measured in groundwater, surface and rainwater during five sampling surveys (January 1999 to October 2001). Available data on rainfall, piezometric and hydrogeologic records were used. We identified human contamination by F, Li in parts of the aquifer, which invalidated their use as tracers.The chemical composition of water from the Vanur aquifer shows a classical chemical evolution from the recharge area to the deeper confined area, consisting in increased water-rock interaction and a subsequent increase of solute species. However, the range of major compound concentration ratios for some wells does not follow this general trend. The non-consistent points are located in the most depressed area of the aquifer (−20 m amsl in June 2000), except in the north where the brackish water of the Kaluvelly swamps seems to enter the aquifer. In the depressed area, the sulphate signature corresponds to a mixing with a mineralized and sulphate-rich water body, likely to be Ramanathapuram sandstone water. It is due to the upward leakage from this underlying formation. A seasonal evaporation signature recorded by stable isotopes (δ18O, δD) suggests the addition of return irrigation flow. The 1D hydrodynamical model of the sea-water/fresh water movement was built with the available geological and hydraulic data. Hydrodynamic calculations show that seawater intrusion can be expected to occur within 3 to 20 years after the year 2000, depending on the value of unknown parameters (porosity) or boundary conditions (recharge, pumped volume). But we cannot rule out that a lithologic or tectonic barrier prevent any seawater intrusion inland; future geological investigation has to be done to confirm or infirm this hypothesis.
Magnolia Deepwater Development- Striving for Best-in-Class Drilling Performance
Authors: Reinhardt W. Randall , Williamson Roger N. , Eaton Luke F. , Actis Stephen C. 
Published: January 2007

SummaryConocoPhillips is developing the Magnolia field with a Tension Leg Platform (TLP) in 4,674 ft of water at Garden Banks (GB) block 783 in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) (see Fig. 1). The field was discovered in 1999, and appraisal wells were drilled in 2000 and 2001. The well-construction strategy included drilling six additional development wells from a mobile offshore drilling unit (predrilling) before the installation of the TLP. Drilling the new wells consisted of two phases: batch-setting all six wells through 20-in. casing, followed by deepening the wells to a total depth (TD). The wells targeted multiple zones resulting in complex, designer directional wells with 50° to 60° maximum hole angles. This paper examines the application of drilling best practices used to deepen the wells to TD after batch-setting operations were complete (Eaton et al. 2005).To minimize drilling costs while deepening the wells to TD, project goals were to eliminate trouble time; minimize combined drilling, circulating and tripping time per interval; maximize simultaneous activities; and reduce the number of trips necessary to drill the well. The goal of achieving Best-in-Class performance requires detailed planning, documenting, and implementing of results and lessons learned; effective communications; equipment quality control; and implementation of a team environment with all the companies involved in the drilling program. The complex high-angle wells require employing extended reach best practices to balance on-bottom drilling performance with the ability to effectively clean the hole to enable trouble-free tripping of the bottomhole assembly (BHA), running of casing, and obtaining primary cement jobs.The best practices discussed in this paper include changes made to improve rotary steerable reliability; simultaneous drilling and under reaming BHA design (Eaton et al. 2001); hole cleaning; and torque and drag monitoring. The paper also discusses activities that reduced the number of required trips and activities conducted out of critical path, such as moving the subsea blowout preventor (BOP) from wellhead to wellhead with an innovative BHA, a BHA to run and retrieve wear bushings, subsea guidebase installation by way of a winch and remote operated vehicle (ROV), off-critical-path makeup of BHA components, and drillstring management.
Solid Expandable Tubular Technology: The Value of Planned Installation vs. Contingency
Authors: Carstens Chris , Strittmatter Kate 
Published: January 2007

Summary
Narrow pore-pressure/fracture gradient windows often necessitate additional casing strings to maintain wellbore stability and reach deeper objective depths. Operators are constrained by the number of strings of conventional casing that can run through subsea or surface wellhead equipment. Planning solid expandable tubulars into the well design allows the operator to run additional casing strings to reach deeper objectives. Traditionally, there are two approaches used in selecting expandable tubular technology: one selects a solid expandable tubular for use as a contingency and installs it after encountering problems, often deep in a distressed well; and the other installs a large-bore expandable in the upper section of the well as part of the base well design.
Using a solid expandable tubular system in the upper sections of the well design preserves hole size from the onset and allows more casing strings to be run without pushing casing points to the fracture-gradient limit. Preserving hole size contributes to drilling efficiency, reduces equivalent circulation density (ECD), and minimizes risk associated with small-hole size in deeper sections of the wellbore.
Another application for solid expandable tubulars is in conjunction with surface blowout preventer (BOP) stack technology. Typical surface stack systems are drilled using a subsea stack BOP system coupled to a 13⅜-in. or 16-in. high-pressure drilling riser. After setting the riser, only one or two conventional casing strings can be run through the riser, which limits chances of drilling to deeper geologic objectives.
This paper looks at two case histories. The first case history compares two deepwater offset wells in the Mississippi Canyon area of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). One well used expandable casing as a contingency late in the well execution phase, and the other well incorporated the expandable casing as part of the base design in an upper-hole section. The second case history evaluates a well in which solid expandable tubular technology allows up to three additional casing strings to be run in a surface-stack application. This paper discusses how combining solid expandable tubular technology with surface-stack technology pushes the technical limits of surface-stack drilling into deeper water and deeper formations.
Belief and the American Folk
Authors: Mullen Patrick B. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThe history of folklore scholarship has come under increasing scrutiny in terms of cultural representations of the folk, but the role of folk belief in the construction of the folk has not been thoroughly examined. An investigation into American folklore scholarship of the last 100 years reveals that folk belief has been used to justify both romantic images of the folk as wise and natural and scientific rationalistic images of the folk as pathological, with complex combinations of the two extremes. More recently, reflexive ethnography and cultural politics have offered ways of escaping the restrictions of these older paradigms in folk belief studies, although problems still remain.
Fluid Subjectivities: Intertextuality and Women’s Narrative Performance in North India
Authors: Meyer Rachel S. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractAn investigation of intertextual gaps located in utterances offers a useful strategy for feminist interpretations of narrative performances. In order to complicate the notion of a "gendered consciousness," intertextual analysis forces encounters with the interfused, split meanings that grow in the permeable spaces of "women’s words" and enables us to confront contradiction and ambiguity involved in verbal identifications with subject positionings.
Otherness and Otherworldliness: Edward W. Lane’s Ethnographic Treatment ofThe Arabian Nights
Authors: Schacker-Mill Jennifer 
Published: January 2007

AbstractIn this article, I trace the conceptions of textual and national character that shaped Edward W. Lane’s early Victorian edition of the Arabian Nights. Lane sought to locate Alf Layla wa- Layla in a broad cultural and oral discursive context for a newly widened English readership. His treatment of the Nights offers vantage points on the interrelationship of ethnographic and fantasy genres and on the emergence of folkloristic and Orientalist discourses in popular publications.
The Hybrid Metaphor: From Biology to Culture
Authors: Stross Brian 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
This article introduces and briefly discusses a few conceptual considerations common to biological and cultural hybridity and examines the biological concept of "hybrid vigor" as it can be applied to the cultural realm of hybridity, illustrating this with a hybrid form of communication in cyberspace. The notion of a hybridity cycle is introduced, along with stages in the cycle whereby a hybrid form becomes a purebred and then parent of another hybrid.
Travel Warning: Elite Appropriations of Hybridity, Mestizaje, Antiracism, Equality, and Other Progressive-Sounding Discourses in Highland Guatemala
Authors: Hale Charles R. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis article analyzes the complexities that arise when certain keywords in culture theory "travel" from one sociopolitical setting to another. The specific context is ethnic and racial relations in the highlands of Guatemala, where members of the dominant (ladino) group have come to use the term hybridity (among others) to challenge and delegitimate Maya Indians’ demands for cultural rights. I conclude with a call for theory-making efforts without pretensions of universal resonance, grounded instead in an active engagement with the politics of a particular place, time, and people.
Conjuring in the Big House Kitchen: An Interpretation of African American Belief Systems Based on the Uses of Archaeology and Folklore Sources
Authors: Leone Mark P. , Fry Gladys-Marie 
Published: January 2007

AbstractJoining archaeological and folkloristic methods, the authors compare the archaeological remains of African religious practices found in Virginia sites from the 18th and 19th centuries with historical data on conjuring and divining. The contents of diviners’ bundles buried beneath hearths and sills and in northeast corners are presented from Virginia sites occupied by enslaved Africans and free African Americans. Those bundles are contextualized using data from narratives of former slaves and the ideas of West African religion.
Fantasía and Disobedient Daughters: Undistressing Genres and Reinventing Traditions in the Mexican American Carpa
Authors: Haney Peter C. 
Published: January 2007

Abstract
During the 1930s and 1940s, female performers in Mexican American tent shows in San Antonio modified the costumes associated with Mexican "folkloric" dances, incorporating elements derived from vaudeville, to form a hybrid style called fantasía. This style asserted Mexican American identity while subverting the purist nationalism of folklórico dances and marking the performers’ entry into newly public female roles. At the same time, it also involved the performers in reified masculinist discourses of female beauty and fashion.
". . . Hidden Right out in the Open": The Field of Folklore and the Problem of Invisibility 1998 American Folklore Society Presidential Address
Authors: Roberts John W. 
Published: January 2007

AbstractThis address represents an attempt to sketch a history of academic folklore in the United States as a way of understanding the difficulties that the field has experienced in achieving and sustaining an identity as an independent discipline in colleges and universities. In developing its argument, the essay draws an analogy between folklore’s struggle to achieve individual disciplinary status and the struggle for individual identity by the protagonist in Ralph Ellison’s novel Invisible Man. For both folklore and Ellison’s protagonist, membership in communities historically perceived in stereotypical terms becomes viewed as "the problem" in achieving individuality rather than a source of identity. Therefore, folklore’s "identity problem" is examined in terms of both external and internal factors that have influenced it over time. By understanding this history, one is better able to understand what many currently perceive as an institutional crisis surrounding some folklore departments and programs.