bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Othering of the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community
Authors: Sheikh Layeeq Ahmad , Raja Rameez 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The Ahmadiyya movement is one of the most controversial movements within the South Asian Islam from the late 19th and the 20th century. The movement from the beginning was instrumental in reinvigorating the debate on the Islamic orthodoxy and interpretation and re-interpretation of the Islamic texts among Muslims. These controversies and debates over the period of time have entered into the public consciousness particularly among Muslims of South Asia, which has enabled it to become an accepted feature of the contemporary South Asian Politics. As the movement became more public, the distinct identity of Ahmadi took shape and a notion of Ahmadiyyat as distinct expression of Islam became increasingly politicised. Similarly, the emergence of this Ahmadi identity was influenced by modern South Asian politics as much as South Asian Islam was influenced by the modernists. This influence has widened the dichotomy between Ahmadi Islam and the orthodox Islam. The current study focuses on how South Asian Islam’s narratives grew and developed to build and declare Ahmadis as a non-Muslim minority. It also demonstrates how these narratives were exploited over time by both Muslim groups and famous Muslims to malign and portray the Ahmadiyya community as ‘other’ in the eyes of Muslim and state structures. The study focuses primarily on the narratives of the 20th-century Muslim intellectuals such as Sir Muhammad Iqbal, Abul A’la Maududi, and other groups such as Majlis-i-Ahrar, as well as their role in building and constructing narratives that declared Ahmadis as ‘other’ while also changing their identity and status as Muslims.
The Universal Periodic Review and West Papua: Beyond Invisibility?
Authors: Baird Natalie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Major human rights violations are experienced by the people of West Papua, the easternmost part of Indonesia, on an almost daily basis. Some commentators even describe the situation as a ‘slow genocide.’ Yet the plight of the people of West Papua has been almost invisible at the international level. Few states have championed the cause of the West Papuans directly with Indonesia, and international human rights monitoring bodies have largely failed to hold Indonesia to account for the atrocities committed in West Papua. This article examines the actions of the United Nations Human Rights Council on West Papua, focusing on the extent to which the West Papua situation has been addressed during the four cycles of Indonesia’s universal periodic review. Across the four cycles of the universal periodic review, only a small number of states have made a small number of recommendations to Indonesia on the West Papua situation. Encouragingly, the most recent review of Indonesia in 2022 appears to reflect growing internationalisation of the West Papua issue. However, the wider context of claims for self-determination and independence in West Papua, and the gravity of the human rights violations, appears to shackle the upr mechanism such that it fails to fully engage with the human rights challenges in West Papua. For the people of West Papua, this failure is perilous.
Satellite-Based Estimation of the Role of Cloud-Radiative Interaction in Accelerating Tropical Cyclone Development
Authors: Lee Tsung-Yung , Wing Allison A. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Recent modeling studies have suggested a potentially important role of cloud-radiative interactions in accelerating tropical cyclone (TC) development, but there has been only limited investigation of this in observations. Here, we investigate this by performing radiative transfer calculations based on cloud property retrievals from the CloudSat Tropical Cyclone (CSTC) dataset. We examine the radius–height structure of radiative heating anomalies, compute the resulting radiatively driven circulations, and use the moist static energy variance budget to compute radiative feedbacks. We find that inner-core midlevel ice water content and anomalous specific humidity increase with TC intensification rate, resulting in enhanced inner-core deep-layer longwave warming anomalies and shortwave cooling anomalies in rapidly intensifying TCs. This leads to a stronger radiatively driven deep in-up-and-out overturning circulation and inner-core radiative feedback in rapidly intensifying TCs. The longwave-driven circulation provides radially inward momentum fluxes and upward moisture fluxes, which benefit TC development, while the shortwave-driven circulation suppresses TC development. The longwave anomalies, which dominate the inner-core positive radiative feedback, are mainly generated from cloud-radiative interactions, with ice particles dominating the deep-layer circulation and liquid droplets and water vapor contributing to the shallow circulation. Moreover, the variability in ice water content, as opposed to the variability in liquid water content and the effective radii of ice particles and liquid droplets, dominates the uncertainty in TC-radiative interaction. These results provide observational evidence for the importance of cloud-radiative interactions in TC development and suggest that the amount and spatial structure of ice water content are critical for determining the strength of this interaction.

Significance Statement
The limited investigation of tropical cyclone (TC)-radiative interaction in observations impedes our understanding of TC development. This study aims to quantitatively show the spatial variation in radiation in TCs and their effect on TC development by using a set of satellite-based observations. We relate TC-radiative interaction to TC intensification and emphasize the inner-core features. Moreover, we quantitatively demonstrate the relative contribution from clouds, liquid droplets, ice particles, and water vapor to TC-radiative interaction as well as the source of the variation in radiative properties. These results provide an additional observational foundation for the importance of cloud-radiative interactions in TC development and support a quantitative validation for numerical modeling.
Efficacy of Landmark-Guided Transverse Abdominis Plane (LTAP) Block in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Authors: Motta Monique , Siretskiy Rachel , Avila Azalia , Samuels Shenae , Levene Tamar 
Published: April 2024

Introduction Optimizing perioperative analgesia in patients undergoing abdominal surgery remains a challenge given the side effects of narcotics and the potential for abuse. While transversus abdominis plane block has been shown to improve clinical outcomes, such as decreased opioid consumption and pain scores among adult patients, there is limited data regarding its efficacy for pediatric patients. This study evaluates efficacy amongst pediatric patients undergoing landmark-guided transversus abdominis plane (LTAP) during laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods A retrospective chart review of patients, ages 0-18 years old, who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis at a single institution from January 2021 to December 2022 was conducted. Pearson’s chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test and Welch’s t test were used to assess differences between the two cohorts for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results are statistically significant at P < .05. Results Of the 90 patients who met inclusion criteria, 40% (n = 36) underwent LTAP block. Those with LTAP block had a shorter average operative time than those without LTAP block (.6 vs .7 hours; P = .009). Similarly, patients with LTAP block had a shorter average time to discharge (4.1 vs 11.0 h; P = .039). There were no other statistically significant differences in postoperative outcomes including narcotic use between both cohorts. Discussion Landmark-guided transversus abdominis plane blocks did not increase operative times yet reduced time to discharge for pediatric patients who underwent laparoscopic appendectomy at our institution. Larger studies are needed to evaluate the relationship between LTAP administration and postoperative narcotic consumption to make clinical recommendations.
Demography and Etiology of Ischemic Stroke in 18–45 Years
Authors: Garg Shivangi , Renjen Pushpendra Nath , Ahmad Kamal , Chaudhari Dinesh Mohan , Priyal  , Mishra Anjali 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The objective of our study was to examine the clinical characteristics and underlying risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 18–45. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied etiology of patients aged 18–45 with acute ischemic stroke presenting to our hospital from September to December of the following year. We aimed for 80% statistical power at a 5% significance level with a precision of 0.15, which led us to a calculated sample size of 39. Results: Fifty patients were observed. The main risk factors identified were alcohol use (36%), smoking (30%), and hypertension (22%). Prothrombotic states were found to be a significant risk factor in cases where the stroke’s origin was undetermined. The most common stroke subtype was large-artery atherosclerosis, which was followed by strokes with other underlying causes. There was a statistically significant association between hypertension and ischemic stroke subtypes ( P = 0.01). Hypertension was associated with small-vessel disease (92.3%) and strokes with undetermined causes (56.5%), with P = 0.023 and P <0.001, respectively. Conclusions: Hypertension was associated with multiple stroke subtypes in young individuals. Therefore, it is essential to strictly control hypertension through antihypertensive therapy and lifestyle changes. As alcohol use and smoking are becoming more prevalent among young individuals, early implementation of awareness programs targeting primary stroke prevention is highly desirable.
Reliability of the transverse acetabular ligament as a landmark for functional cup anteversion in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Jassim Shivan S , Bhatia Tejasvi , McMahon Jack R D , Pierrepont Jim W , McMahon Stephen J 
Published: April 2024

Background: The transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) can be a useful and reproducible landmark in the orientation of the acetabular cup in total hip arthroplasty (THA). Its role in guiding cup orientation when aiming to implant in a functional anteversion orientation is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the TAL and the planned acetabular cup anteversion when implanted in a function orientation. Material and Methods: In a retrospective study the anteversion of the TAL in the contralateral un-replaced hip was measured in CT scans of patients undergoing THA and compared to the functional cup anteversion using the patient-specific spinopelvic parameters. Comparative measurements of the native acetabular version were made from the superior rim to the inferior rim and at 10 mm intervals between the 2, all in reference to the anterior pelvic plane. Results: 96 hips were measured. The mean TAL anteversion angle was 17.2° ± 4.5°. The mean planned acetabular cup anteversion angle was 26.3° ± 4.7°. Pearson’s correlation coefficient of this measurement with the TAL was −0.03 ( p  = 0.769). There was a significant difference between the planned acetabular cup anteversion and the measurement of the TAL ( p  < 0.0001). Conclusions: If cups are implanted parallel to the TAL, almost 80% will be >5° different to targeted functional cup version. It should be aimed to implant cups with more anteversion than the TAL indicates.
Association of cancer with functional decline at old age: a longitudinal study in Danish twins
Authors: Mohammadnejad Afsaneh , Ryg Jesper , Ewertz Marianne , Jylhävä Juulia , Hjelmborg Jacob vB. , Galvin Angéline 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: There is evidence that older adults with cancer have a higher risk of functional decline than cancer-free older adults. However, few studies are longitudinal, and none are twin studies. Thus, we aimed to investigate the relationship between cancer and functional decline in older adult (aged 70+ years) twins. Materials and methods: Cancer cases in the Longitudinal Study of Aging Danish Twins were identified through the Danish Cancer Registry. Functional status was assessed using hand grip strength (6 years follow-up), and self-reported questions on mobility (10 years follow-up), and cut-offs were defined to assess functional decline. Cox regression models were performed for all the individual twins. In addition, we extended the analysis to discordant twin pairs (twin pairs with one having cancer and the other being cancer-free), to control to a certain extent for (unmeasured) shared confounders (genetic and environmental factors). Results: The analysis based on individual twins showed that individual twins with cancer are at increased hazard of worsening hand grip strength (hazard ratio (HR) 1.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04, 1.80) than cancer-free twins. Among the discordant twin pairs, twins with cancer had a higher hazard of worsening hand grip strength (HR 3.50, 95% CI 1.15, 10.63) than cancer-free cotwins. In contrast, there was no evidence of a difference between the hazard of experiencing mobility decline for twins with cancer compared with cancer-free twins, in both individual twins and discordant twin pairs analyses. Discussion: Cancer was associated with hand grip strength functional decline in old individual twins and discordant pairs. Our results strengthen the importance of comprehensive geriatric assessment in older adults with cancer, as well as the importance of routine assessment of functional status. Promoting physical activity through exercise training programmes could enable the prevention of functional decline in older adults with cancer.
Social workers and xenophobia: The case of Türkiye
Authors: Yanardağ Umut , Zubaroğlu Yanardağ Melek , Gül Meryem 
Published: April 2024

Summary In recent years, xenophobia has become an increasingly important area of research in social work. This study was conducted in the South-Eastern Anatolia and the Mediterranean regions of Türkiye, both of which are densely populated by immigrants. In the study, the mixed method was conducted on social workers working in these regions. In the quantitative section, the Xenophobia Scale was applied on 242 social workers. In the qualitative section, 35 social workers were interviewed. Findings The findings revealed that married social workers were more xenophobic than their single counterparts ( p ≤ .05). While those who did not receive training on immigration tended to be more xenophobic than those who received training ( p ≤ .000), those who worked in the Mediterranean region tended to be more xenophobic compared to their counterparts who worked in the South-eastern Anatolia region ( p ≤ .05). In the qualitative section featured 35 social workers who fell into three categories: those who did not use xenophobic expressions but were disturbed by the problems that arose with living with immigrants, those who used xenophobic expressions, and those who did not use xenophobic expressions at all. Applications This study's findings highlight the significant role of non-xenophobic social workers in the field of migration. Additionally, it emphasizes the necessity for xenophobia-focused trainings for social workers. In conclusion, there is potential for enhancing non-xenophobic practices among social workers in the field.
Characteristics and outcomes of cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19
Authors: Scutelnic Adrian , van de Munckhof Anita , Miraclin Angel T. , Aaron Sanjith , Hameed Sajid , Wasay Mohammad , Grosu Oxana , Krzywicka Katarzyna , Sánchez van Kammen Mayte , Lindgren Erik , Moreira Tiago , Acampora Roberto , Negro Alberto , Karapanayiotides Theodoros , Yaghi Shadi , Revert Anna , Cuadrado Godia Elisa , Garcia-Madrona Sebastian , La Spina Paolino , Grillo Francesco , Giammello Fabrizio , Nguyen Thanh N. , Abdalkader Mohamad , Buture Alina , Sofia Cotelli Maria , Raposo Nicolas , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Candelaresi Paolo , Ciacciarelli Antonio , Mbroh Joshua , Batenkova Tatiana , Scoppettuolo Pasquale , Zedde Marialuisa , Pascarella Rosario , Antonenko Kateryna , Kristoffersen Espen S. , Kremer Hovinga Johanna A. , Jood Katarina , Aguiar de Sousa Diana , Poli Sven , Tatlisumak Turgut , Putaala Jukka , Coutinho Jonathan M. , Ferro José M. , Arnold Marcel , Heldner Mirjam R. 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Previous reports and meta-analyses derived from small case series reported a mortality rate of up to 40% in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 associated cerebral venous thrombosis (COVID-CVT). We assessed the clinical characteristics and outcomes in an international cohort of patients with COVID-CVT. Patients and methods: This was a registry study of consecutive COVID-CVT patients diagnosed between March 2020 and March 2023. Data collected by the International Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Consortium from patients with CVT diagnosed between 2017 and 2018 served as a comparison. Outcome analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Results: We included 70 patients with COVID-CVT from 23 hospitals in 15 countries and 206 controls from 14 hospitals in 13 countries. The proportion of women was smaller in the COVID-CVT group (50% vs 68%, p < 0.01). A higher proportion of COVID-CVT patients presented with altered mental state (44% vs 25%, p < 0.01), the median thrombus load was higher in COVID-CVT patients (3 [IQR 2–4] vs 2 [1–3], p < 0.01) and the length of hospital stay was longer compared to controls (11 days [IQR 7–20] vs 8 [4–15], p = 0.02). In-hospital mortality did not differ (5/67 [7%, 95% CI 3–16] vs 7/206 [3%, 2–7], aOR 2.6 [95% CI 0.7–9]), nor did the frequency of functional independence after 6 months (modified Rankin Scale 0–2; 45/58 [78%, 95% CI 65–86] vs 161/185 [87%, 81–91], aOR 0.5 [95% CI 0.2–1.02]). Conclusion: In contrast to previous studies, the in-hospital mortality rate and functional outcomes during follow-up did not differ between COVID-CVT patients and the pre-COVID-19 controls.
First-hit SETBP1 mutations cause a myeloproliferative disorder with bone marrow fibrosis
Authors: Crespiatico Ilaria , Zaghi Mattia , Mastini Cristina , D’Aliberti Deborah , Mauri Mario , Mercado Carl Mirko , Fontana Diletta , Spinelli Silvia , Crippa Valentina , Inzoli Elena , Manghisi Beatrice , Civettini Ivan , Ramazzotti Daniele , Sangiorgio Valentina , Gengotti Michele , Brambilla Virginia , Aroldi Andrea , Banfi Federica , Barone Cristiana , Orsenigo Roberto , Riera Ludovica , Riminucci Mara , Corsi Alessandro , Breccia Massimo , Morotti Alessandro , Cilloni Daniela , Roccaro Aldo , Sacco Antonio , Stagno Fabio , Serafini Marta , Mottadelli Federica , Cazzaniga Giovanni , Pagni Fabio , Chiarle Roberto , Azzoni Emanuele , Sessa Alessandro , Gambacorti-Passerini Carlo , Elli Elena Maria , Mologni Luca , Piazza Rocco 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
SETBP1 mutations are found in various clonal myeloid disorders. However, it is unclear whether they can initiate leukemia, because SETBP1 mutations typically appear as later events during oncogenesis. To answer this question, we generated a mouse model expressing mutated SETBP1 in hematopoietic tissue: this model showed profound alterations in the differentiation program of hematopoietic progenitors and developed a myeloid neoplasm with megakaryocytic dysplasia, splenomegaly, and bone marrow fibrosis, prompting us to investigate SETBP1 mutations in a cohort of 36 triple-negative primary myelofibrosis (TN-PMF) cases. We identified 2 distinct subgroups, one carrying SETBP1 mutations and the other completely devoid of somatic variants. Clinically, a striking difference in disease aggressiveness was noted, with patients with SETBP1 mutation showing a much worse clinical course. In contrast to myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, in which SETBP1 mutations are mostly found as a late clonal event, single-cell clonal hierarchy reconstruction in 3 patients with TN-PMF from our cohort revealed SETBP1 to be a very early event, suggesting that the phenotype of the different SETBP1+ disorders may be shaped by the opposite hierarchy of the same clonal SETBP1 variants.
Platelet-derived TGF-β1 induces functional reprogramming of myeloid-derived suppressor cells in immune thrombocytopenia
Authors: Wang Lingjun , Wang Haoyi , Zhu Mingfang , Ni Xiaofei , Sun Lu , Wang Wanru , Xie Jie , Li Yubin , Xu Yitong , Wang Ruting , Han Shouqing , Zhang Ping , Peng Jun , Hou Ming , Hou Yu 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Platelet α-granules are rich in transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), which is associated with myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) biology. Responders to thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) revealed a parallel increase in the number of both platelets and MDSCs. Here, anti-CD61 immune-sensitized splenocytes were transferred into severe combined immunodeficient mice to establish an active murine model of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). Subsequently, we demonstrated that TPO-RAs augmented the inhibitory activities of MDSCs by arresting plasma cells differentiation, reducing Fas ligand expression on cytotoxic T cells, and rebalancing T-cell subsets. Mechanistically, transcriptome analysis confirmed the participation of TGF-β/Smad pathways in TPO-RA–corrected MDSCs, which was offset by Smad2/3 knockdown. In platelet TGF-β1–deficient mice, TPO-RA-induced amplification and enhanced suppressive capacity of MDSCs was waived. Furthermore, our retrospective data revealed that patients with ITP achieving complete platelet response showed superior long-term outcomes compared with those who only reach partial response. In conclusion, we demonstrate that platelet TGF-β1 induces the expansion and functional reprogramming of MDSCs via the TGF-β/Smad pathway. These data indicate that platelet recovery not only serves as an end point of treatment response but also paves the way for immune homeostasis in immune-mediated thrombocytopenia.