bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Inclusion Effect of Amino-acid (Histidine) in the Carcass Quality and Mineral Profile of African Catfish Clarias Gariepinus (Burchell 1822)
Authors: Ayinla Damilola O.  , Awolu Taiwo E.  , Ugochwukwu Uzohuo 
Published: February 2024

150 fingerlings of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) with initial mean weight of ±5.1g was stocked in a glass aquaria and were fed to satiation for 156 days. Histidine was used as a supplement to determine the mineral and carcass quality of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings at varying inclusion levels (0, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6% and 0.8%) representing D1 – D5 in a formulated diet of 40% crude protein.
The carcass proximate and mineral composition were significantly improved by histidine supplementation but, exhibited no definite pattern of inclination while, moisture decreased significantly with increased histidine level up to diet D5. The calcium composition were significant different (P<0.05) with values ranging between 41.0 and 87.6 mg/gDM.
Effects of Bio-inoculation on the Growth of Cabbage as Well as the Disease Progression of Alternaria Leaf Spot
Authors: Singh Ranjeet , Bisen Kartikay , Pal Veer , Singh Anil Kumar , Singh Budhesh Pratap 
Published: February 2024

Cabbage is one of the common Cole crop which is widely grown throughout India. It is affected various disease including, Alternaria leaf spot, black rot, club root, downy mildew and powdery mildew. Alternaria leaf spot, caused by Alternaria species such as A. brassicae and A. brassicicola, has been documented on every continent and is a prevalent disease affecting cabbage. Among the various diseases impacting cabbage, it stands out as a major contributor to yield loss, averaging between 32-57%. An experiment Effects of bio-inoculation on the growth of cabbage seedlings, as well as the disease progression of Alternaria leaf spot under challenge inoculation was conducted at Department of Plant Pathology, Rama University, Kanpur during 2023. Result of the study revealed that. application of Trichoderma as a seed treatment led to higher root and shoot dry biomass (0.080 and 0.021 mg/ seedling respectively), higher % increase in root and shoot dry weight (61.25and 82.78%) was found in T1 (Seed treatment with trichoderma harzianum) whereas highest root: shoot ratio (0.222) was reported in treatment T2.
Effect of Harvesting Time, Drying Method and Packaging of Cowpea Leaves on Microbial Contamination
Authors: Wanjiku Gitau Jane , Kingori Gathungu Geofrey , Kirim Kiramana James 
Published: February 2024

After harvesting, cowpea leaves have high moisture content which exposes them to microbial growth. Drying is used to reduce the moisture and extend the shelf life. However, dried foods are susceptible to spoilage resulting from many microbial, biological, chemicals and physical reactions. After drying packaging materials used by farmers also expose the dried product to a range of microorganisms due to their different moisture retention capacity. This study aimed at prolonging the keeping quality of the dried cowpea leaves for use during off- season and coming up with information on the best and affordable packaging material that would ensure safety of dried leaves. Data was collected on fungal, bacteria and coliforms. The data was subjected to variance using Statistical Analysis System 9.2 edition and significantly different means separated using LSD at 5%. The combination of harvesting stage, drying method and packaging material significantly (p<0.05) influenced microbial load (bacterial and fungal), however no coliforms were observed. Open sun-dried cowpea leaves at 21 DAS, packaged in woven and aluminium foil reported a high number of bacterial and fungal counts compared to the kraft packaging. Oven dried cowpea leaves, harvested at 49 days after sowing (DAS), and in kraft paper resulted in the least bacterial and fungal contamination compared to those packaged in woven and aluminium foil. Sun drying and harvesting time after at 21, 35 and 49 DAS contained the highest bacterial and fungal contamination followed by solar drying and the least was recorded in oven drying method. This research shows that correct harvest stage, adoption of oven and solar drying methods and use of correct packaging material will prolong the shelf life of dried cowpea leaves therefore enhancing food security and food safety.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Maize Genotypes (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kumar G Praveen , Sunil N , Sekhar J. C. , Chary D Srinivasa 
Published: February 2024

Aim: The aim of the present research work was to estimate the genetic variability, broad sense heritability and genetic advance for various yield and its contributing characters of 39 maize genotypes.
Methodology: 39 maize genotypes were sown in randomized block design and replicated thrice to evaluate various genetic parameters. The data was recorded on twelve quantitative traits including days to fifty percent tasseling, days to fifty percent silking, days to maturity, plant height, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernel rows/ear, number of kernels/row, 100kernels weight, shelling % and grain yield/plant.
Results: The mean sum of squares due to genotypes for each of the 12 traits under study indicated significant differences in analysis of variance. High to moderate genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation as well as genetic advance were observed in the traits yield per plant, plant height, ear height, number of kernels per row, and 100-kernel weight. These findings suggest that the heritability of these traits is most likely the result of additive gene effects and that selection in early generations may be effective for these traits. On the other hand, the remaining characters days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% silking, number of kernel rows per ear, and shelling percentage were recorded with high heritability with low genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation and genetic advance suggesting non-additive gene action for control of these traits which provides limited scope for improvement by selection.
Conclusion: Among the characters studied, grain yield, plant height, and ear height had high heritability and high values of genetic advance indicating that these characters were controlled by additive gene action and so phenotypic selection is effective for improvement of these traits.
Bayesian Belief Networks
Authors: Frey Brendan J 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA “Bayesian belief network” is a directed acyclic graph that specifies how stochastic variables in a complex system interact. The joint distribution is equal to the product of a set of conditional distributions. There is one conditional distribution for each node of the graph and each conditional distribution is conditioned on the parents of the corresponding node. Unlike Markov random fields, Bayesian networks do not require a partition function.
Speaker Recognition
Authors: Lancker Diana Van , Kreiman Jody 
Published: December 2005

AbstractVoices, like faces, communicate personal and emotional information, and figure importantly in nearly every human encounter. From puberty on, barring disease or accident, personal voice quality is a robust, distinctive signature of each individual human existence. Much information about the speaker is revealed in the speaker's voice, including age, sex, emotional and physical state, personality, socioeconomic status, geographic history, and attitude towards the listener and the topic under discussion.
Linguistic Evidence, Status of
Authors: Schütze Carson T 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Linguistics concerns itself in principle with any kind of evidence that seems capable of informing us about the human language faculty, though individual researchers may find certain kinds of evidence more fruitful for their goals than others. A survey of the major sources of evidence used by linguists leads to an assessment of their relative merits and consideration of the kinds of explanations of linguistic phenomena this evidence can lead to.
Neuroimaging
Authors: Rowe James B , Frackowiak Richard SJ 
Published: December 2005

AbstractNeuroimaging techniques include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). These techniques provide information about the structure and function of the brain in health and disease, and have increased our understanding both of regional specialization and functional integration of different brain regions.
H
untington Disease
Authors: Gusella James F 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that involves the loss of neurons in the basal ganglia (particularly the caudate nucleus and the putamen) and in the cerebral cortex. It is characterized by a peculiar writhing movement disturbance, but also has intellectual and psychiatric manifestations. All cases of HD are genetically caused, resulting from an expanded CAG trinucleotide tract that encodes an elongated stretch of consecutive glutamine residues in huntingtin, a large protein of unknown function.
Affective Disorders: Depression and Mania
Authors: Compton Michael T , Raison Charles L , Nemeroff Charles B 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Affective disorders are psychiatric illnesses characterized by disturbances of affect or mood, which cause emotional, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms that significantly impair functioning. They are classified according to polarity (the degree of mood elevation or depression), and are treated with pharmacological and/or psychotherapeutic interventions accordingly.
Long‐Term Potentiation and Long‐Term Depression
Authors: Jr Joe L Martinez , Peng David Haixiang , Meilandt William J , Barea‐Rodríguez Edwin J 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Long‐term potentiation and depression are enduring changes in synaptic efficacy following brief high‐frequency or low‐frequency electrical stimulation of nerve fibers. Both are considered to be candidate mechanisms of learning and memory.
Von Neumann, John
Authors: Burks Arthur W 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
John von Neumann (1903–1957) was an interdisciplinary thinker who not only brought fresh approaches to seemingly disparate fields, but discovered and developed their interrelationships. His greatest achievement in cognitive science was his contribution to the concept of the stored‐program computer, where he applied the logical correspondence between nervous systems and computing systems to the logical design of electronic computers.
Broca,Paul
Authors: Finger Stanley 
Published: December 2005

AbstractPaul Broca (1824–1880) was a French surgeon, pathologist, anatomist and anthropologist. He is remembered for localizing speech in the frontal lobes, recognizing cerebral dominance, and performing the first surgery based on localization, as well as his research on the brain and intellect, and for his insights and theories on ancient trepanned skulls.
Attitudes
Authors: Bizer George Y , Barden Jamie C , Petty Richard E 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
An attitude is a global and relatively enduring evaluation (e.g. good or bad) of a person, object, or issue. Attitudes can be based on affective, cognitive, or behavioral information and can vary in their strength (e.g. how enduring, how resistant to change, and how predictive of behavior they are).
Early Experience and Cognitive Organization
Authors: Landau Barbara 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
There is much support for the idea that cognitive development is specialized, with different aspects of knowledge developing under different mechanisms and timelines. Many aspects of mature knowledge can be traced to innate origins. At the same time, variation in early experience due to genetic defects, blindness or deafness can lead to significant reorganization of the developing brain. Thus human cognitive development is constrained by innate potential, but is also affected by experience during early development.
Mental Disorders, Computational Models of
Authors: O'Donnell Brian F , Wilt Marcie AB 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Mental disorders frequently disrupt cognition. Computational models are mathematical representations of cognitive or neural processes. These models have been applied to simulate cognitive deficits, to relate cognitive deficits to disturbances of neuroanatomy and neurophysiology, and to make predictions of the effects of brain disturbance on cognitive function.
Extremely High Silver Ionic Conductivity in Composites of Silver Halide (AgBr, AgI) and Mesoporous Alumina
Authors: Yamada H. , Bhattacharyya A. J. , Maier J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe silver ionic conductivity in heterogeneous systems of AgBr:Al2O3 and AgI:Al2O3 is highly enhanced by utilizing mesoporous Al2O3 as the insulating phase. The highest Ag+ conductivity of 3.1 × 10–3 Ω–1 cm–1 (at 25 °C) has been obtained for the AgI:Al2O3 composite with an Al2O3 volume fraction of 0.3. For AgBr:Al2O3, the enhancement of the conductivity is satisfactorily explained in the framework of the ideal space‐charge model, while in the case of AgI:Al2O3 stacking disorder is also considered to contribute to the ionic conductivity.
Stresses associated with diffusion in polyimide and polyacrylics films
Authors: Xu Tao , Farris Richard J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractWhen a constrained polymeric thin film is immersed in a liquid medium, its state of stress changes because the diffusion of the liquid into the film causes it to swell. Polyimide and polyacrylics films are used in the laminated structures of inkjet printheads. Swelling behavior of the films in various ink component solutions are of great interest because they are closely related to the delamination problem. Swelling stress at constant strain was measured using an environmental tensile tester at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Two kinds of information were extracted. One is the extent of stress relaxation, which is the amount of stress decay between initial stress and equilibrium stress. The difference in the extent of stress relaxation could result in delamination if two different materials with different swelling characteristics are bonded together and exposed to a swelling agent. The other piece of information was the diffusion coefficients of the liquid agents into the polymer films. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficient indicates the rate of proceeding by the penetrant, i.e., the rate of swelling of the films. The results show that the extent of stress relaxation and diffusivity are different for two films. In addition, the diffusion in polyimide film is Fickian and the diffusion in polyacrylics film is pseudo‐Fickian. The changes in mechanical properties after swelling also differ. Among all the ink solutions tested, one component was identified as the most influential and detrimental agent. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Durability of wood flour‐plastic composites exposed to accelerated freeze–thaw cycling. II. High density polyethylene matrix
Authors: Pilarski Jeanette M. , Matuana Laurent M. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThis study examined the durability of extruded HDPE/wood‐flour composites exposed to 15 accelerated cycles of water submersion, freezing, and thawing, according to ASTM standard D6662. The durability of both maple and pine composites was assessed by testing the flexural properties and density. Mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were also used to evaluate the interfacial adhesion between the matrix and wood flour before and after exposure to accelerated freeze–thaw cycling. Freeze–thaw actions had no apparent effect on the density of the composites after exposure, regardless of the wood species. However, these actions led to moisture uptake, which decreased the interfacial adhesion and increased the pore size and quantity in the composites, which resulted in a significant loss in flexural properties. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 35–39, 2006
Web unit‐based mining of homepage relationships
Authors: Sun Aixin , Lim Ee‐Peng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractHomepages usually describe important semantic information about conceptual or physical entities; hence, they are the main targets for searching and browsing. To facilitate semantic‐based information retrieval (IR) at a Web site, homepages can be identified and classified under some predefined concepts and these concepts are then used in query or browsing criteria, e.g., finding professor homepages containing “information retrieval.” In some Web sites, relationships may also exist among homepages. These relationship instances (also known as homepage relationships) enrich our knowledge about these Web sites and allow more expressive semantic‐based IR. In this article, we investigate the features to be used in mining homepage relationships. We systematically develop different classes of inter‐homepage features, namely, navigation, relative‐location, and common‐item features. We also propose deriving for each homepage a set of support pages to obtain richer and more complete content about the entity described by the homepage. The homepage together with its support pages are known to be a Web unit. By extracting inter‐homepage features from Web units, our experiments on the WebKB dataset show that better homepage relationship mining accuracies can be achieved.
X‐linked imprinting: effects on brain and behaviour
Authors: Davies William , Isles Anthony R. , Burgoyne Paul S. , Wilkinson Lawrence S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractImprinted genes are monoallelically expressed in a parent‐of‐origin‐dependent manner and can affect brain and behavioural phenotypes. The X chromosome is enriched for genes affecting neurodevelopment and is donated asymmetrically to male and female progeny. Hence, X‐linked imprinted genes could potentially influence sexually dimorphic neurobiology. Consequently, investigations into such loci may provide new insights into the biological basis of behavioural differences between the sexes and into why men and women show different vulnerabilities to certain mental disorders. In this review, we summarise recent advances in our knowledge of X‐linked imprinted genes and the brain substrates that they may act upon. In addition, we suggest strategies for identifying novel X‐linked imprinted genes and their downstream effects and discuss evolutionary theories regarding the origin and maintenance of X‐linked imprinting. BioEssays 28:35–44, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The slow road to the eukaryotic genome
Authors: Lester Leo , Meade Andrew , Pagel Mark 
Published: December 2005

AbstractThe eukaryotic genome is a mosaic of eubacterial and archaeal genes in addition to those unique to itself. The mosaic may have arisen as the result of two prokaryotes merging their genomes, or from genes acquired from an endosymbiont of eubacterial origin. A third possibility is that the eukaryotic genome arose from successive events of lateral gene transfer over long periods of time. This theory does not exclude the endosymbiont, but questions whether it is necessary to explain the peculiar set of eukaryotic genes. We use phylogenetic studies and reconstructions of ancestral first appearances of genes on the prokaryotic phylogeny to assess evidence for the lateral gene transfer scenario. We find that phylogenies advanced to support fusion can also arise from a succession of lateral gene transfer events. Our reconstructions of ancestral first appearances of genes reveal that the various genes that make up the eukaryotic mosaic arose at different times and in diverse lineages on the prokaryotic tree, and were not available in a single lineage. Successive events of lateral gene transfer can explain the unusual mosaic structure of the eukaryotic genome, with its content linked to the immediate adaptive value of the genes its acquired. Progress in understanding eukaryotes may come from identifying ancestral features such as the eukaryotic splicesome that could explain why this lineage invaded, or created, the eukaryotic niche. BioEssays 28:57–64, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular features of meiotic recombination hot spots
Authors: Nishant K.T. , Rao M.R.S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractMeiotic recombination occurs preferentially at certain regions called hot spots and is important for generating genetic diversity and proper segregation of chromosomes during meiosis. Hot spots have been characterized most extensively in yeast, mice and humans. The development of methods based on sperm typing and population genetics has facilitated rapid and high‐resolution mapping of hot spots in mice and humans in recent years. With increasing information becoming available on meiotic recombination in different species, it is now possible to compare several molecular features associated with hot‐spot loci. Further, there have been advances in our knowledge of the factors influencing hot‐spot activity and the role that they play in structuring the genome into haplotype blocks. We review the molecular features associated with hot spots in terms of their properties and mechanisms underlying their function and distribution. A large number of these features seem to be shared among hot spots from different species suggesting common mechanisms for their formation and function. BioEssays 28:45–56, 2006. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fine Tuning of the Oxidation Locus, and Electron Transfer, in Nickel Complexes of Pro‐Radical Ligands
Authors: Rotthaus Olaf , Jarjayes Olivier , Thomas Fabrice , Philouze Christian , Perez Del Valle Carlos , Saint‐Aman Eric , Pierre Jean‐Louis 
Published: December 2005

AbstractA large number of complexes of the first‐row transition metals with non‐innocent ligands has been characterized in the last few years. The localization of the oxidation site in such complexes can lead to discrepancies when electrons can be removed either from the metal center (leading to an M(n+1)+ closed‐shell ligand) or from the ligand (leading to an Mn+ open‐shell ligand). The influence of the ligand field on the oxidation site in square‐planar nickel complexes of redox‐active ligands is explored herein. The tetradentate ligands employed herein incorporate two di‐tert‐butylphenolate (pro‐phenoxyl) moieties and one orthophenylenediamine spacer. The links between the spacer and both phenolates are either two imines ([Ni(L1)]), two amidates ([Ni(L3)]2−), or one amidate and one imine ([Ni(L2)]−). The structure of each nickel(II) complex is presented. In the noncoordinating solvent CH2Cl2, the one‐electron‐oxidized forms are ligand–radical species with a contribution from a singly occupied d orbital of the nickel. In the presence of an exogenous ligand, such as pyridine, a NiIII closed‐shell ligand form is favored: axial ligation, which stabilizes the trivalent nickel in its octahedral geometry, induces an electron transfer from the metal(II) center to the radical ligand. The affinity of pyridine for the phenoxylnickel(II) species is correlated to the N‐donor ability of the linkers.
Novel Organic‐Inorganic Hybrid Coordination Polymer [(DBU‐H)(PbI3)]n: Synthesis, Crystallographic Structure and Quantum Chemical Investigation.
Authors: Li Hao‐Hong , Chen Zhi‐Rong , Li Jun‐Qian , Huang Chang‐Cang , Xiao Guang‐Can , Hu Xiao‐Lin , Zhao Bin , Xiao Fu‐Xian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Solution Stability of Keggin‐Type Heteropolytungstates (NH4)6NIII0.5 [α‐FeIIIO4W11O30Ni IIO5 (OH2)]×nH2O, (NH4)7Zn0.5 [α‐ZnO4W11O30ZnO5 (OH2)]×nH2O, and (NH4)7NiII0.5 [α‐ZnO4W11O30Ni IIO5(OH2)]×nH2O (n ≈ 18).
Authors: Weiner Heiko , Lunk Hans‐Joachim , Friese Rita , Hartl Hans 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structure and Magnetic Properties of Pyridine Coordinated Sandwich‐Type Heteropolyanion {[Na(H2O)2]3 [Ni(C5H5N)] 3(AsW9O33)2}9‐.
Authors: Liu Xue‐Mei , Wang Chong‐Ren , Liu Bin , Xue Gang‐Lin , Hu Huai‐Ming , Wang Ji‐Wu , Fu Feng 
Published: December 2005

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.