bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ergonomic hand positioning overcomes visual perception mismatch in nonsimulated robotic colorectal surgery
Authors: Wong Shing Wai , Lim Ranah , Wong Xiuling Jasmine , Crowe Philip 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The aim of the study was to compare the internal instrument and external surgeon hand positions to determine whether visual perception mismatch (VPM) is a factor during robotic colorectal surgery. Continuous video footage of 24 consecutive robotic colorectal surgery cases were analysed concurrently with sagittal video recordings of surgeon hand positions. Separated sagittal hand positions would indicate nonergonomic positioning without clutching of the robotic controls, either matching the on-screen up/down instrument tip positions (no VPM) or in the opposite direction (true VPM). Variables (30-min surgery time blocks, anatomic target, and task performed), which resulted in hand separation or VPM, were analysed. Operating with the presence of VPM for more than one duration occurred 51 times and nonergonomic sagittal hand positioning occurred 22 times. For an experienced robotic surgeon, ergonomic positioning of the hands is favoured over adjustment for VPM despite the potential higher mental workload.
Anterior dislocation of the coronoid process above a ZMC fracture: case report and a technical note
Authors: Nini Khaoula , Opango Alban Déo Christian , Nshimirimana Bosco , Rabaa Ghassane Elidrissi , Aziz Zakaria , Hattab Nadia Mansouri 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures are very common in maxillofacial trauma and may be associated with fractures of the coronoid process. We report a case of dislocation of the coronoid process above a zygomaticomaxillary complex fracture locking the mandible.
We also report the surgical management of this uncommon case and its follow-up.
Isolation of azole-resistant Aspergillus spp. from food products
Authors: Uehara Satomi , Takahashi Yumi , Iwakoshi Keiko , Nishino Yukari , Wada Kotono , Ono Asuka , Hagiwara Daisuke , Chiba Takashi , Yokoyama Keiko , Sadamasu Kenji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The prevalence of azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus is increasing worldwide and is speculated to be related to the use of azole pesticides. Aspergillus spp., the causative agent of aspergillosis, could be brought into domestic dwellings through food. However, studies on azole-resistant Aspergillus spp. in food products are limited. Therefore, we aimed to isolate Aspergillus spp. from processed foods and commercial agricultural products and performed drug susceptibility tests for azoles. Among 692 food samples, we isolated 99 strains of Aspergillus spp. from 50 food samples, including vegetables (22.9%), citrus fruits (26.3%), cereals (25.5%), and processed foods (1.8%). The isolates belonged to 18 species across eight sections: Aspergillus, Candidi, Clavati, Flavi, Fumigati, Nidulantes, Nigri, and Terrei. The most frequently isolated section was Fumigati with 39 strains, followed by Nigri with 28 strains. Aspergillus fumigatus and A. welwitschiae were the predominant species. Ten A. fumigatus and four cryptic strains, four A. niger cryptic strains, two A. flavus, and four A. terreus strains exceeded epidemiological cutoff values for azoles. Aspergillus tubingensis, A. pseudoviridinutans, A. lentulus, A. terreus, and N. hiratsukae showed low susceptibility to multi-azoles. Foods containing agricultural products were found to be contaminated with Aspergillus spp., with 65.3% of isolates having minimal inhibitory concentrations below epidemiological cutoff values. Additionally, some samples harbored azole-resistant strains of Aspergillus spp. Our study serves as a basis for elucidating the relationship between food, environment, and clinically important Aspergillus spp.
A complex multiphase DLA associated with a compact group at z = 2.431 traces accretion, outflows, and tidal streams
Authors: Nielsen Nikole M , Kacprzak Glenn G , Sameer  , Murphy Michael T , Nateghi Hasti , Charlton Jane C , Churchill Christopher W 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT
As part of our program to identify host galaxies of known z = 2–3 Mg ii absorbers with the Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI), we discovered a compact group giving rise to a z = 2.431 DLA with ultrastrong Mg ii absorption in quasar field J234628+124859. The group consists of four star-forming galaxies within 8–28 kpc and v ∼ 40–340 km s−1 of each other, where tidal streams are weakly visible in deep HST imaging. The group geometric centre is D = 25 kpc from the quasar (D = 20–40 kpc for each galaxy). Galaxy G1 dominates the group (1.66L*, SFRFUV = 11.6 M⊙ yr−1) while G2, G3, and G4 are less massive (0.1–0.3L*, SFRFUV = 1.4–2.0 M⊙ yr−1). Using a VLT/UVES quasar spectrum covering the H i Lyman series and metal lines such as Mg ii, Si iii, and C iv, we characterized the kinematic structure and physical conditions along the line of sight with cloud-by-cloud multiphase Bayesian modelling. The absorption system has a total $\log (N({{{\rm H}\,\rm{\small I}}})/{\rm cm}^{-2})=20.53$ and an $N({{{\rm H}\,\rm{\small I}}})$-weighted mean metallicity of log (Z/Z⊙) = −0.68, with a very large Mg ii linewidth of Δv ∼ 700 km s−1. The highly kinematically complex profile is well modelled with 30 clouds across low- and intermediate-ionization phases with values ${13\lesssim \log (N({{{\rm H}\,\rm{\small I}}})/{\rm cm}^{-2})\lesssim 20}$ and −3 ≲ log (Z/Z⊙) ≲ 1. Comparing these properties to the galaxy properties, we infer a wide range of gaseous environments, including metal-rich outflows, metal-poor IGM accretion, and tidal streams from galaxy–galaxy interactions. This diversity of structures forms the intragroup medium around a complex compact group environment at the epoch of peak star formation activity. Surveys of low-redshift compact groups would benefit from obtaining a more complete census of this medium for characterizing evolutionary pathways.
Risk, Non-Identity, and Extinction
Authors: Kowalczyk Kacper , Venkatesh Nikhil 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper examines a recent argument in favour of strong precautionary action—possibly including working to hasten human extinction—on the basis of a decision-theoretic view that accommodates the risk-attitudes of all affected while giving more weight to the more risk-averse attitudes. First, we dispute the need to take into account other people’s attitudes towards risk at all. Second, we argue that a version of the non-identity problem undermines the case for doing so in the context of future people. Lastly, we suggest that we should not work to hasten human extinction, even if significant risk aversion is warranted.
Effect of food on selumetinib pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal tolerability in adolescents with neurofibromatosis type 1-related plexiform neurofibromas
Authors: Viskochil David , Wysocki Mariusz , Learoyd Maria , Sun Peng , So Karen , Evans Azura , Lai Francis , Hernàndez Héctor Salvador 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Selumetinib is approved for the treatment of pediatric patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who have symptomatic, inoperable plexiform neurofibromas (PN) in multiple countries, including the USA (≥ 2 years). Until recently, individuals had to take selumetinib twice daily (BID) in a fasted state. This study evaluated the effect of a low-fat meal on selumetinib PK parameters and gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability in adolescent participants with NF1-PN.

Methods
Eligible participants aged ≥ 12 to &lt; 18 years took 25 mg/m2 selumetinib BID with a low-fat meal (T1) for 28 days, followed by a 7-day washout, and then administration in a fasted state (T2) for another 28 days. Primary objectives were to evaluate the effect of a low-fat meal on AUC0−12,ss and GI tolerability after multiple selumetinib doses in T1 versus T2. Key secondary objectives were additional PK parameters and adverse events (AEs).

Results
At primary data cut-off, all 24 participants completed T1, and 23 participants completed T2. There were no significant differences in AUC0−12,ss between T1 and T2. In T1 and T2, 29.2% and 33.3% participants, respectively, reported ≥ 1 GI AE. No GI AEs Grade ≥ 3, or serious AEs, or GI AEs resulting in treatment interruptions, discontinuation, or dose reductions were reported in T1 and T2.

Conclusions
Dosing selumetinib with a low-fat meal had no clinically relevant impact on selumetinib AUC0−12,ss nor GI tolerability in adolescents with NF1-PN.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ID
NCT05101148.
Study on the underlying molecular mechanism of benzene-induced nervous system damage in mice based on tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics
Authors: Zheng Zhe , Li Hongwei , Zhang Zhenqian , Zhai Xiandun , Qin Haojie 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Benzene is known to be a common toxic industrial chemical, and prolonged benzene exposure may cause nervous system damage. At present, there were few studies on benzene-induced neurological damage. This research aimed to identify the protein biomarkers to explore the mechanism of nervous system damage caused by benzene. We established a benzene poisoning model of C57 mice by gavage of benzene-peanut oil suspension and identified differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in brain tissue using tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomics. The results showed a significant weight loss and decrease in leukocyte and neutrophil counts in benzene poisoning mice compared to the control group. We also observed local cerebral oedema and small vessel occlusion in the cerebral white matter of benzene poisoning mice. TMT proteomic results showed that a total 6,985 proteins were quantified, with a fold change (FC) &gt; 1.2 (or &lt; 1/1.2) and P value &lt;0.05 were considered as DEPs. Compared with the control group, we identified 43 DEPs, comprising 14 upregulated and 29 downregulated proteins. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis results showed that the candidate proteins were mainly involved in cholesterol metabolism, complement and coagulation cascades, african trypanosomiasis, PPAR signaling pathway, and vitamin digestion and absorption. Three proteins, 2-hydroxyacylsphingosine 1-beta-galactosyltransferase (UGT8), Apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) and Complement C3 (C3) were validated using immunoblotting and immunohistochemical. In conclusion, our study preliminarily investigated the mechanism of benzene toxicity to the nervous system by analyzing DEPs changes in the brain.
Promotion and Tenure Policies and Practices at U.S. Medical Schools: Is Tenure Irrelevant or More Relevant Than Ever?
Authors: Mallon William T. , Cox Natalya 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Promotion and tenure (P&T) have been common mechanisms to support and nurture faculty at higher education institutions and, therefore, have been of continual interest to medical school faculty and administrators. In the last decade, significant changes in the academic medicine sector have occurred, including new medical schools, mergers and acquisitions of academic hospitals and health systems, and institutional and societal efforts to address systemic racism and inequality. In addition, societal controversies have revived long-dormant concerns about academic freedom for medical school faculty, a bedrock principle of U.S. higher education for more than a century. These developments raise the question of whether tenure at medical schools is increasingly irrelevant for large numbers of full-time faculty or more relevant than ever.
Using a 2022 survey of 118 medical schools, a review of P&T policies at 37 other medical schools, and an analysis of Association of American Medical Colleges Faculty Roster data, the authors review the prevalence of tenure systems at U.S. MD-granting medical schools; trends in the use of such systems for full-time basic science and clinical faculty; models of including diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) criteria in P&T standards; and alterations to introduce greater flexibility into the P&T process.
The authors’ analysis shows that, although tenure systems remain well established at U.S. MD-granting medical schools, the percentage of full-time faculty on tenured or tenure-eligible tracks declined over the last 4 decades. Troubling gaps in tenure-eligible appointments persist between men and women faculty and among faculty by race and ethnicity. Medical schools have begun to deploy a variety of tactics in P&T processes focused on DEI to address these systemic inequities. To adapt the traditional tenure system to meet the needs of academic medicine, medical schools have altered their policies, including tenure financial guarantees, probationary period extensions, and post-tenure review.
Disparities in Medical School Clerkship Grades Associated With Sex, Race, and Ethnicity: A Person-Centered Approach
Authors: Perez Mejias Paulina , Lara Gustavo , Duran Alex , Musci Rashelle , Hueppchen Nancy A. , Ziegelstein Roy C. , Lipsett Pamela A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Purpose
To determine whether students’ self-reported race/ethnicity and sex were associated with grades earned in 7 core clerkships. A person-centered approach was used to group students based on observed clerkship grade patterns. Predictors of group membership and predictive bias by race/ethnicity and sex were investigated.

Method
Using data from 6 medical student cohorts at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (JHUSOM), latent class analysis was used to classify students based on clerkship grades. Multinomial logistic regression was employed to investigate if preclerkship measures and student demographic characteristics predicted clerkship performance-level groups. Marginal effects for United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 1 scores were obtained to assess the predictive validity of the test on group membership by race/ethnicity and sex. Predictive bias was examined by comparing multinomial logistic regression prediction errors across racial/ethnic groups.

Results
Three clerkship performance-level groups emerged from the data: low, middle, and high. Significant predictors of group membership were race/ethnicity, sex, and USMLE Step 1 scores. Black or African American students were more likely (odds ratio [OR] = 4.26) to be low performers than White students. Black or African American (OR = 0.08) and Asian students (OR = 0.41) were less likely to be high performers than White students. Female students (OR = 2.51) were more likely to be high performers than male students. Patterns of prediction errors observed across racial/ethnic groups showed predictive bias when using USMLE Step 1 scores to predict clerkship performance-level groups.

Conclusions
Disparities in clerkship grades associated with race/ethnicity were found among JHUSOM students, which persisted after controlling for USMLE Step 1 scores, sex, and other preclerkship performance measures. Differential predictive validity of USMLE Step 1 exam scores and systematic error predictions by race/ethnicity show predictive bias when using USMLE Step 1 scores to predict clerkship performance across racial/ethnic groups.
A Randomized Trial of Ionic Silver Dressing to Reduce Surgical Site Infection After Gastrointestinal Surgery
Authors: Kosugi Chihiro , Koda Keiji , Shimizu Hiroaki , Yamazaki Masato , Shuto Kiyohiko , Mori Mikito , Usui Akihiro , Nojima Hiroyuki , Endo Satoshi , Yanagibashi Hiroo , Arimitsu Hidehito , Tochigi Toru , Sazuka Tetsutaro , Hirota Mihono , Kuboki Hideyuki 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
To determine whether Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings containing ionic silver are superior to film dressings for preventing superficial surgical site infections (SSI) in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery.

Background:
Multiple clinical trials have assessed the effectiveness of silver-containing wound dressings; however, systematic reviews failed to find any advantages of these dressings and concluded that there was insufficient evidence to indicate that they prevented wound infections. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings for preventing superficial SSIs in patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery.

Methods:
Patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery were randomly assigned to receive either Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber (study group) or film dressings (control group). The primary end point was superficial SSI within 30 days after surgery (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry ID: 000043081).

Results:
A total of 865 patients (427 study group, 438 control group) were qualified for primary end-point analysis. The overall rate of superficial SSIs was significantly lower in the study group than in the control group (6.8% vs 11.4%, P = 0.019). There was no significant difference in superficial SSI rates between the groups in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal surgery; however, the rate was significantly lower in the study group in patients undergoing lower gastrointestinal surgery (P = 0.042). Multivariate analysis identified Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings as an independent factor for reducing superficial SSIs (odds ratio, 0.602; 95% confidence interval, 0.367–0.986; P = 0.044).

Conclusions:
Aquacel Ag Hydrofiber dressings can reduce superficial SSIs compared to film dressings in patients undergoing elective gastrointestinal surgery, especially lower gastrointestinal surgery.
Effect of Adding a Program of Contextualized, Personalized, Remote Physical Activity Support to Conventional Cardiac Rehabilitation
Authors: Meenamkuzhy-Hariharan Priyanka , Tew Kirstie F. , Cranwell Ewan J. , Birkinshaw Louise M. , Eleuteri Antonio , Fisher Michael 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
The objective of this investigation was to conduct a randomized controlled trial to evaluate whether KiActiv Heart alongside usual care (UC) promotes positive physical activity (PA) change versus UC alone.

Methods:
Patients in cardiac rehabilitation (n = 130) undertook an 8-wk intervention with follow-up at wk 8. Both groups attended UC and wore a PA monitor during the intervention. The intervention group accessed the digital service and received weekly one-to-one remote mentor sessions. The primary outcome was change in PA to achieve the Association of Certified Physiotherapists in Cardiac Rehabilitation (ACPICR) recommendations. The secondary outcome was cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) change, measured using incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT).

Results:
The probability of meeting ACPICR “Daily Activity” recommendation was statistically significantly greater in the intervention group versus control at wk 8 (P< .05). No statistically significant differences between groups were found for mean ISWT change (intervention 89 ± 116 m; control 44 ± 124 m).

Conclusion:
Participation in KiActiv Heart alongside UC was associated with statistically significant improvement in probability of meeting ACPICR recommendation and non-statistically significant but potentially clinically important increases in CRF versus UC alone. This builds on existing evidence for effectiveness.
Imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment for staging liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: A systematic review supporting the AASLD Practice Guideline
Authors: Duarte-Rojo Andres , Taouli Bachir , Leung Daniel H. , Levine Deborah , Nayfeh Tarek , Hasan Bashar , Alsawaf Yahya , Saadi Samer , Majzoub Abdul Mounaem , Manolopoulos Apostolos , Haffar Samir , Dundar Ayca , Murad M. Hassan , Rockey Don C. , Alsawas Mouaz , Sterling Richard K. 
Published: March 2024

Background and Aims:
Transient elastography (TE), shear wave elastography, and/or magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), each providing liver stiffness measurement (LSM), are the most studied imaging-based noninvasive liver disease assessment (NILDA) techniques. To support the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases guidelines on NILDA, we summarized the evidence on the accuracy of these LSM methods to stage liver fibrosis (F).

Approach and Results:
A comprehensive search for studies assessing LSM by TE, shear wave elastography, or MRE for the identification of significant fibrosis (F2-4), advanced fibrosis (F3-4), or cirrhosis (F4), using histopathology as the standard of reference by liver disease etiology in adults or children from inception to April 2022 was performed. We excluded studies with <50 patients with a single disease entity and mixed liver disease etiologies (with the exception of HCV/HIV coinfection). Out of 9447 studies, 240 with 61,193 patients were included in this systematic review. In adults, sensitivities for the identification of F2-4 ranged from 51% to 95%, for F3-4 from 70% to 100%, and for F4 from 60% to 100% across all techniques/diseases, whereas specificities ranged from 36% to 100%, 74% to 100%, and 67% to 99%, respectively. The largest body of evidence available was for TE; MRE appeared to be the most accurate method. Imaging-based NILDA outperformed blood-based NILDA in most comparisons, particularly for the identification of F3-4/F4. In the pediatric population, imaging-based NILDA is likely as accurate as in adults.

Conclusions:
LSM from TE, shear wave elastography, and MRE shows acceptable to outstanding accuracy for the detection of liver fibrosis across various liver disease etiologies. Accuracy increased from F2-4 to F3-4 and was the highest for F4. Further research is needed to better standardize the use of imaging-based NILDA, particularly in pediatric liver diseases.
Comparative efficacy of acupuncture, venesection, and physical therapy on chronic low back pain outcomes: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Jamali Dastjerdi Moein , Azadvari Mohaddeseh , Kordafshari Gholamreza , Zhao Bai-Xiao , Adel-Mehraban Mohammad Sadegh , Alipour Reihane , Karimi Mehrdad , Kazemi Amir Hooman , Sourani Arman , Vafaie Sefti Ali 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) imposes considerable financial and social burden with poor response to medical and surgical treatments. Alternatively, acupuncture and venesection(Fasd) are traditionally used to alleviate nociceptive and musculoskeletal pains. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of acupuncture and venesection on CLBP and patient functionality.

Methods:
The current study was a single-blinded, randomized clinical trial with balanced allocation, conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Medicine, in 2022. One hundred five CLBP patients who had no back pain-attributable structural or major diseases were randomly allocated into three parallel arms and received either physical therapy (PTG), acupuncture (APG), or venesection (VSG). Pain severity and functional aspects were evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) during the study. VAS and ODI scores were defined as the primary outcomes.

Results:
Ninety-five patients were reviewed in the final analysis (PTG=33, APG=30, VSG=31). Demographic data showed equal group distribution. Statistical analysis showed all procedures had reduced VAS score immediately after the first session, after the last session, and after follow-up; however, APG and VSG values were significantly lower (P<0.05). Pain reduction results in follow-up period were more sustainable in APG and VSG as compared to PTG (P<0.01). ODI results revealed global improvement after the last session of the treatment in all groups, while APG had more significant results (P<0.05). During the follow-up period, ODI still tended to decrease in VSG, non-significantly increased in APG, and significantly increased in PTG. Only two patients reported fainting after receiving venesection.

Conclusion:
Considering the pain and functional scores, both acupuncture and venesection can reproduce reliable results. Acupuncture and venesection both have sustained effects on pain and daily function of the patients even after treatment termination, while physical therapy had more relapse in pain and functional limitations.