bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traumatic Open Extrusion of the Posterior Facet of the Calcaneus
Authors: Bertha Nicholas , Ravi Sreeram , Makowski Michael , Reid J. Spence 
Published: February 2025

Case:
Traumatic extrusion of the posterior facet of the calcaneus is a rare phenomenon that has seldom been reported on. In this report, we describe a 46-year-old woman who sustained an open right calcaneal fracture with extrusion of the posterior facet after motor vehicle collision. The fragment was reinserted, then underwent definitive fixation. Postoperatively, patient went on to radiographic union and with return to work with little to no residual pain.

Conclusion:
Reinsertion of the fragment with temporary fixation with subsequent definitive fixation is a viable option for extrusion a tarsal bone, specifically of the posterior facet of the calcaneus.
Artificial Intelligence for Root Canal Segmentation on Radiographic Images: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ghiasi Maryam , Zaboli Ava , Mahdian Mina , Mallya Sanjay M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objectives: The number, size, patency, and location of pulp canals are critical in endodontic treatment planning. This information is currently obtained through visual radiographic assessment, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Artificial intelligence (AI) could automate this task via accurate segmentation of root canals providing efficiency and consistency. This scoping review maps existing literature on the use of AI to automate root canal segmentation on radiographic images.
Materials and Methods: We searched MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science for relevant studies up to January 8, 2025. Studies that used AI for root canal segmentation were included. Study selection was not limited by design, language, or date. Commentaries, retracted articles, and inaccessible full-text articles were excluded. Titles and abstracts were screened based on eligibility criteria, and the full-text of potentially relevant studies was assessed. Screening and data extraction were conducted in duplicate by independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved via consensus or a third-reviewer if necessary.
Results: Out of 836 articles identified, 35 studies met the eligibility criteria and were retained for synthesis. Data extraction focused on the country of origin, study design, imaging modalities, obturation status, type of teeth analyzed, AI models used, and results. Modalities included were mostly cone beam computed tomography (CBCT, 51%), followed by panoramic (17%) and periapical (14%). AI-based models, particularly those employing CNNs, reported accuracies ranging from 0.73 to 0.99 and sensitivities from 0.72 to 1. These models were effective across all imaging modalities with most studies reporting improved diagnostic precision and reduced time compared with manual methods.
Conclusions: AI-based root canal segmentation has clinical value by increasing accuracy in identifying root canal anatomy prior to treatment. This will preserve clinicians' time and reduce the risk of treatment failure. This review highlights current status of this technological application and identifies areas to refine these technologies for broad clinical application to enhance patient outcomes in endodontic care.
Clinical Relevance: The application of AI in root canal segmentation offers significant clinical benefits by improving the accuracy and efficiency of identifying root canal anatomy. This can lead to better treatment planning, reduced procedure times, and lower risk of endodontic failure. As AI technology continues to evolve, its integration into endodontic practice has the potential to enhance patient outcomes and streamline clinical workflows.
Projecting the impacts of future climate change on precipitation in the Kashafrud catchment in Iran
Authors: Imanipour Hossain , Karami Mokhtar , Kashki Abdolreza , Esmailnejad Morteza 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Climate change is known as one of the most critical challenges facing humanity. These changes seriously threaten the Kashafrud River, a significant water resource in northeastern Iran. This study aims to project the impact of climate change on precipitation in the Kashfrud catchment in Iran. The output data of global climate models, including ACCESS-ESM1-5, MRI-ESM2-0, and MIROC6 from the sixth-generation models (CMIP6), have been used to project future climate changes. Based on the accuracy of statistical criteria, the linear scaling (LS) method was employed to do the bias correction of precipitation data. Then, using the CMhyd model, the precipitation data were simulated for the two future periods (2025-54) and (2055-84) under the SSP1_2.6 and SSP5_8.5 scenarios. The average KGE and RMSE coefficients for the precipitation of the selected MIROC6 model were obtained as 0.91 and 21.09, respectively. Average annual rainfall under the scenarios of SSP1_2.6 and SSP5_8.5 in the near future period decreased by 2.92% and increased by 3.44%, respectively. Average annual rainfall was projected as follows: under the SSP1_2.6 and SSP5_8.5 scenarios in the near future period, it decreased by 2.96% and increased by%3.44, and under the SSP1_2.6 و SSP5_8.5 scenarios in the middle future period, it increased by 2.96% and 8.79%, respectively compared to the observation period (1991–2020). In terms of seasonal comparison, in most of the scenarios of the future periods, in the spring and autumn seasons, precipitation will decrease between 1.51% and 8.18%. Precipitation in the future seasons in summer and winter was projected with a slight increase. The results showed that climate change will have a significant impact on the precipitation of the study area. This can have severe consequences for different sectors, including agriculture, industry, and the environment. The research results can be employed as a management tool in the direction of water resources management.
Acute Myocardial Infarction Revealing a Patent Foramen Ovale in a 37-Year-Old with a History of Unexplored Transient Ischemic Attack: A Case Report
Authors: Obeidat Saleh muhammed , Elkerrami Khlid , Lemaitre Ann-Iris , Himeur Yazid 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a common congenital anomaly that can lead to severe complications through paradoxical embolism, particularly in young patients with no classical cardiovascular risk factors. Myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) represents a minority of acute coronary syndrome cases but is clinically significant due to its heterogeneous and often unclear etiologies. Among these, PFO-related paradoxical embolism is a rare but critical cause requiring prompt recognition and management.
Case Presentation
We report the case of a 37-year-old man with no cardiovascular risk factors, presenting with acute chest pain and dyspnea. His medical history revealed a transient ischemic attack (TIA) at age 25, which had remained unexplored. At presentation, the patient exhibited signs of an acute myocardial infarction (ST-elevation in inferior leads and elevated troponin). Coronary angiography revealed non-obstructive coronary lesions, confirming MINOCA. Echocardiographic evaluation identified a PFO with a right-to-left shunt, while cardiac MRI findings were consistent with ischemia in the infero-basal myocardium. The diagnosis of MINOCA secondary to paradoxical embolism through the PFO was established. The patient was treated with anticoagulation (Rivaroxaban) and underwent successful percutaneous PFO closure.
Discussion
MINOCA is a multifactorial clinical entity requiring advanced diagnostic tools to uncover its etiology. In this case, the detection of a PFO linked the myocardial infarction to the patient’s prior unexplained TIA, supporting a paradoxical embolic mechanism. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging played a pivotal role in confirming the ischemic nature of the event, while intracoronary OCT ruled out significant plaque instability. Percutaneous closure of the PFO was performed to prevent recurrent embolic events. Although commonly indicated for cryptogenic strokes, PFO closure in MINOCA patients remains less established and highlights the need for further research to guide management.
Conclusion
The discovery of a PFO in the context of myocardial infarction in a young patient without pre-existing coronary disease highlights the need for thorough evaluation of underlying causes. Management includes pharmacological treatment and close monitoring, with PFO closure as a potential option to prevent future thromboembolic events.
Understanding the role of traditional healers in the Malawian healthcare system: a qualitative study
Authors: Master Riya , Mguntha Andrew , Baltzell Kimberly , Bandawe Gama , Hooft Anneka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction
Malawi is a pluralistic health system, where people seek care from both formal (e.g. biomedical) and informal (e.g. traditional medicine) sources. An estimated 80% of the population utilizes traditional healers (TH) for care, particularly in rural areas. Given their strong community presence, TH may be able to bridge gaps in the healthcare system, however, data on barriers and facilitators to this relationship are limited. Understanding TH perspectives on disease processes and their role in the community is critical to integrating TH into the biomedical system.
Methods
We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews of TH in Thyolo District, Malawi in May 2024. Participants were identified and recruited using purposive sampling. Interviews were conducted in Chichewa, translated into English, and coded for themes.
Results
We interviewed a total of 25 TH: 17 male and 8 female, age 25 to 84 years. Time in practice ranged from 8 months to 60 years. Major themes identified included: 1. Relationship-building for diagnosis and treatment; 2. Trust and willingness to collaborate with biomedicine; 3. Compensation for gaps in the biomedical system; 4. Recognition of causes and risk factors for infection; and 5. Leadership role in the community.
Conclusions
In Malawi, TH demonstrate a strong desire for recognition, training, and integration into the biomedical system. Understanding of disease processes outside of traditional vs. biomedical illnesses is variable, but most TH trust biomedicine and feel comfortable referring clients. Given their respected role in society, TH may provide a useful adjunct to biomedical care in rural Malawi.
Dynamics based screening of Therapeutic compounds against Helicobacter pylori targeting TNF-α inducing protein
Authors: Raj Divya S , Priyadarshini K. Chidhambara , Yadav Shalini , Singh Sukriti , Dwivedi Manish 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

In about half of the world's population, Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is the cause of stomach ulcers. Due to the extensive use of different drugs to treat H. pylori infections, multidrug resistance has developed, making treatment more difficult. Finding a viable therapeutic target becomes increasingly important as antibiotic resistance keeps increasing. A distinct protein of H. pylori called Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha Inducing Protein (Tip-α) is important in the development of gastric cancer, especially in patients with chronic ulcers. Because of its vital role, Tip-α may be a good target for medication. Using molecular docking experiments, two different binding sites on Tip-α were found, and possible inhibitors were assessed. ZINC11981988 and ZINC04243820, two ZINC database hits among the screened compounds, showed a significant binding affinity to Tip-α, with glide scores of -9.116 kcal/mol and -10.455 kcal/mol, respectively. A MM-GBSA analysis was conducted to have a better understanding of their binding mechanisms. The findings showed that the selectivity of Tip-α inhibitors was more influenced by electrostatic energy contributions than by van der Waals interactions. The stability of these ligands in their respective binding sites was evaluated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations upto 100 ns. In contrast to ZINC11981988, ZINC04243820 showed a more stable binding association with Tip-α, according to the MD analysis. According to this, ZINC04243820 exhibits excellent binding stability and is therefore a promising candidate for additional research. Considering these results, ZINC04243820 could be proposed as potential lead to construct Tip-α inhibitors against H. pylori which shows favourable interaction properties and persistent binding. Further, in vivo and in vitro investigations are required to examine and validate its therapeutic potential.
Wired for Risk: ADHD’s Influence on Financial Behavior in Stock Trading
Authors: Witry Max , Schulze Marcel , Braun Niklas , Rohner Henrik , Weller Johannes , Philipsen Alexandra , Kölle Markus 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Importance
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is highly prevalent and presents significant health, social and economic risks. However, its impact on long-term financial strategies and personal financial management remains poorly understood. Gaining deeper insight is essential due to its wide-ranging societal implications.
Objective
To investigate the impact of ADHD on financial behavior and individual portfolio performance in a trading community.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1520 individuals interested in stocks and finance, recruited through financial and health-focused online platforms. After excluding incomplete or ineligible responses, 945 participants were included in the analysis. ADHD traits and financial risk tolerance (FRT) were assessed using standardized, validated self-report questionnaires. Data on trading frequency, portfolio performance and other variables were based on participant’s individual reports.
Results
The study examined 945 participants, with a median age of 34 years and 74.5% male. Among them, 54 individuals (5.7%) met DSM-5 criteria for an ADHD diagnosis and were classified as ADHD positive. This group demonstrated greater FRT (p=0.025) and speculative risk-taking (p=0.015). ADHD traits showed a positive correlation with FRT (r = 0.079, p = 0.015) and a negative correlation with portfolio returns (r = -0.075, p = 0.02). Regression analyses identified trading frequency (B=0.769, p=0.046), speculative risk-taking (B=0.675, p=0.034) and higher portfolio expectations (B=1.237, p=0.041) as positive predictors of ADHD symptom scores. In contrast, higher portfolio returns (B=-1.067, p=0.019) and the investment risk score (B=-0.590, p=0.034) were negative predictors of ADHD traits.
Conclusions
The study revealed a higher than expected ADHD prevalence among participants, along with above-average FRT scores. Increased ADHD traits were associated with higher trading frequency and speculative risk-taking, while investment risk and portfolio returns were negatively impacted. These findings suggest that individuals with a high burden of ADHD traits may face significant challenges in financial decision-making, particularly in high risk trading settings such as speculative stock trading, where the potential for losses is heightened.
Spatiotemporal variations of nitrogen-nitrate in groundwater and health risk in the parts of Mu Us sandy land, NW China
Authors: Duan Rui , Gu Xiaofan , Chang Liang , Cui Xudong , Li Xiaodeng , You Xiangzhi , Zhang Qunhui 
Published: February 2025

ABSTRACT

Nitrate pollution is a major threat caused by intensive agricultural activities in semi-arid regions. This study focuses on the Da Niudi Gas Field in the Mu Us Sandy Land. Groundwater quality dynamics were assessed through analysis of 100 sampling points from 2012, 2015, and 2022. The maximum concentrations recorded were 476 mg/L for NO3−, 0.26 mg/L for NO2−, and 1.61 mg/L for NH4+. Principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation analysis reveal that groundwater chemistry is influenced by mineral dissolution, agricultural activities, and wastewater discharge. The Entropy Water Quality Index (EWQI) was used to evaluate groundwater quality, indicating an overall decline with nitrate pollution showing spatial variability. A health risk assessment model was developed to evaluate health risks for local residents. Results show significant health risks from elevated concentrations of NO3−, NO2−, and NO4+. In 2012, health risks were within acceptable limits, but by 2015, 50% of children and 12.5% of adults exceeded these limits. In 2022, these percentages decreased to 5.36% for children and 1.79% for adults. These findings emphasize the urgent need for measures to reduce nitrate pollution in the area.
Familiarity with artificial intelligence drives optimism and adoption among veterinary professionals: 2024 survey
Authors: Gabor Sebastian , Danylenko Galyna , Voegeli Bill 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
To capture veterinary professionals’ perspectives and applications of AI in veterinary care. This study assesses the perceived benefits, challenges, and potential areas where AI could enhance veterinary medicine and practice workflows.

Methods
An online survey was distributed to members of the American Animal Hospital Association and Digitail's network of veterinary professionals. The questionnaire included 18 close-ended and 7 open-ended questions exploring awareness, perceptions, usage, expectations, and concerns about AI in veterinary medicine. The survey was open from December 19, 2023, through January 8, 2024.

Results
The survey gathered 3,968 responses from professionals in various veterinary roles. Most respondents were veterinarians and veterinary technicians, with an average age of 35.

Conclusions
Respondents demonstrated varying familiarity with AI, with an overall positive outlook toward its adoption in veterinary medicine. Those who actively use AI tools in their professional tasks reported higher levels of optimism about its integration. Key concerns included the reliability and accuracy of AI in diagnosis and treatment. The top benefits identified by respondents included improving efficiencies, streamlining administrative tasks, and potential contributions to revenue growth, employee satisfaction, and client retention.

Clinical Relevance
The findings underscore the influence of practical exposure and experience with AI tools on attitudes toward AI adoption. The positive correlation suggests that familiarity with AI technologies fosters trust and confidence, consequently driving greater acceptance and adoption within the veterinary community.
Accessibility of Electronic Resources for Students with Disabilities
Authors: Penchev Bonimir , Todoranova Latinka 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The rapid development of technologies provides more opportunities and ways to adapt the learning environment to the individual needs of students with disabilities.

Methods:
The current paper aims to explore the types of educational electronic resources published on the e-learning platform of UE - Varna and to highlight the importance of adapting them to ensure accessibility for students with disabilities.

Results:
Recommendations are provided regarding the type and structure of electronic resources, so that they can be fully utilized by students with disabilities.

Discussion:
The provided recommendations are concerning periodically updates, reflecting changes in standards, choosing, and applying tools to evaluate and provide the accessibility of resources.

Limitations:
The scope of the paper are only students with impaired vision or hearing. The researched resources are only for specific disciplines.

Conclusions:
Using the PDF format for electronic resources is a good approach, but educational institutions need to develop guidelines that lecturers should follow when preparing educational resources.
The Beta Generation and Other Nonsense - On the Limitations of Generational Logic
Authors: Nagy Ádám , Csutorás Gábor Ákos 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The lives of young people in the first place, but of all of us, are much more complicated than to immediately, almost automatically, pour the “generation sauce” on everything. However, it seems that today, in scientific, science communication and popular literature, the generational response often seems to be the only one.

Purpose:
Our study tries to give a far from complete picture of how the generational logic, even if valid, is regularly overstretched by its research and expert users. Moreover, the problem is not only that the data supporting these generational concepts are, to put it mildly, incomplete, but also that unfortunately the formation of generations from current age groups could only be genuinely confirmed after many years of thorough, in-depth social science research, with much academic debate.

Methods:
Traditional desk research, such as literature search, data mining and web search not using any support of artificial intelligence.

Conclusions:
It shall be important to understand that, like all scientific theories, generational logic has its limitations and is not a panacea for all problems.
Generational Attitudes to Teaching Approaches in Economic Education: Case in Bulgaria
Authors: Iliev Dragomir , Zhelev Zhelyo , Ilieva Daniela 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
The article aims to identify generational attitudes towards appropriate teaching applied to teaching economic disciplines in Bulgaria higher school. The object of research is the students of three generations - X, Y and Z, and the teachers who carry out their education in economics. The research subject is the perceptions and attitudes of students of the three generations - X, Y and Z, and the teaching methods applied for educational purposes.

Methods:
A descriptive research strategy was used in the article. Data were collected through an online structured questionnaire survey and processed by rank correlation using Kendall’s tau-b and Spearman methods.

Results:
As a result of the research, it is established that there is no dependence between the characteristics of individual generations and the preferred teaching methods.

Discussion:
Find that different generational characteristics do not affect ads for acquiring new knowledge and skills during the educational process.

Limitations:
Only representatives of generations X, Y, and Z were studied in Bulgaria. The study covers the trainees’ current advertising, taking into account the results that are statistically significant.

Conclusions:
The study found no significant differences in learners’ preferences for teaching methods. Therefore, educators can choose appropriate approaches involving interactive video content and smart devices.
Preconditions for the Inclusion of Home Languages in an English First Additional Language Context
Authors: Zano Kufakunesu , Baloyi Mafemani Joseph 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Introduction:
Today, classes made up of learners with different linguistic backgrounds are a reality in many countries, including South Africa. Thus, this study was driven by the need to explore the various preconditions that must be met for the inclusion of home languages in an English First Additional Language context in the Further Education and Training phase.

Methods:
For this qualitative study, one-on-one interviews were used to collect data from the selected 6 English First Additional Language teachers.

Results:
There is a need to provide support for English First Additional Language pre-service and in-service teachers through workshops for the co-option of home languages to teach English First Additional Language. Translated books in African languages, alongside the English version, should be used in schools.

Discussion:
Exposure to English varies greatly across contexts, meaning different strategies are needed for successful English acquisition, especially as an additional language.

Limitations:
Only 6 teachers were used as respondents thus the findings are not generalisable.

Conclusions:
There is a need to investigate the different prerequisites that must be fulfilled for home languages to be included in English First Additional Language teaching.