bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
THE INFLUENCE OF 17α-METHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE ON THE ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX
Authors: Huis in 't Veld L. G. , Louwerens B. , van der Spek P. A. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In two male patients and two castrated males, the influence of corticotrophin (ACTH) on the urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was determined before and during a period in which patients were treated with 5 mg 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) daily. In two castrated males, moreover, the influence of chorionic gonadotrophin and ACTH + chorionic gonadotrophin on the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was determined before and during a period of treatment with 5 mg MNT daily. Prolonged administration of MNT causes a decrease in the urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids both in the normal males and in the male castrates. ACTH caused an increase in the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids before and during MNT administration. During MNT administration this increase (expressed in mg/24 hours) was ≤ the increase produced by the same dose of ACTH prior to MNT administration. In two male castrates treated with MNT, chorionic gonadotrophin caused no increase in the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. The effect obtained before and during MNT administration by administration of ACTH + chorionic gonadotrophin did not exceed the effect obtained by the same dose of ACTH alone. Our conclusion is that the effect of MNT on the excretion of adrenocortical steroids is not due to the inhibition of the ACTH secretion. The possibility of a direct effect of MNT on the adrenal cortex has not been excluded with complete certainty. A change in the corticosteroid metabolism due to the influence of MNT, however, must also be taken into consideration.
PHARMACOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF THREE TYPES OF LONG-ACTING CORTICOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS
Authors: van der Vies J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A test for long-acting corticotrophin (ACTH) preparations is described. Thirty guinea pigs receive the test substance and the excretion of corticosteroids in the pooled urine is determined in 3 successive 8-hour periods. With this test it is shown that transformation to a zinc complex prolongs the action of ACTH more effectively than either the addition of gelatine or of carboxymethylcellulose.
SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS
Authors: Lamberg B.-A. , Hintze G. , Jussila R. , Berlin M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A series of cases of clinically diagnosed subacute thyroiditis comprising 11 patients is reported. Studies on the iodine metabolism, electrophoretic distribution of the serum proteins and the responsiveness to TSH were carried out. The patients were observed for periods up to 16 months from the onset of the disease.
In the early phase there was an elevation of the serum PBI in a few cases and hyperthyroid signs in some, accompanied by depressed thyroid uptake of radioactive iodine and a fairly good response to TSH. Later, the thyroid grew hard and the iodine metabolism changed. In several cases there was a marked increase in the conversion ratio and the serum PB131I level. The responses to TSH was variable for different parameters of thyroid function, suggesting a state of »low thyroid reserve« as defined by Jefferies et al. (1956). Hypothyroidism developed in 3 cases; in two of them there was a response to exogenous TSH, in the third no response was seen at this stage of the disease. Cortisone and synthetic analogues seem to be of great benefit in the treatment of the acute symptoms of the disease.
THE ACTION OF THE GONADOTROPHINS ON THE RAT PROSTATE IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Bengmark Stig , Ingemanson Barbro , Källén Bengt 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The growth rate of rat prostatic tissue in vitro has been studied. It is significantly lower in cultures made with serum taken from castrated male and female rats during the first two weeks after castration as compared with the rate in cultures made from normal rat serum. This effect can be compensated for by substitution with testosterone propionate to the male serum donors. Addition of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) to the culture medium causes a significant reduction of the growth rate. Effective concentrations are 0.01 to 0.1 μg/ml. This effect disappears after inactivation of the FSH solution at 70° for one hour. Higher concentrations of FSH do not produce such an arrest. It is suggested that the growth retarding effect of serum or plasma from castrated animals is due to the increased content of FSH. It is further suggested that this method might be of interest for the quantitative study of circulating gonadotrophins. An example is given in which the rates of growth in plasma from cockerels bled at different seasons of the year are compared.
THE EFFECT OF HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE ON SEVERE JUVENILE DIABETES AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY
Authors: Hernberg C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Four patients with severe juvenile diabetes, on whom hypophysectomy had been performed to alleviate retinopathy and nephropathy, were given 10 mg of human growth hormone (HGH), (two doses in one of these cases). After 12 to 24 hours there was a marked increase in blood and urine sugar, and acetonuria appeared. Additional doses of insulin proved necessary. In two nondiabetic subjects three times the amounts of HGH did not result in any changes in the blood sugar values.
In one nonhypophysectomized patient with diabetes, treatment with HGH resulted in an increase in blood sugar and glucosuria but not in acetonuria. In two nondiabetic cases of panhypopituitarism there was a slight rise in the postprandial values of blood sugar.
BONE PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN VITRO IN THYROTOXICOSIS
Authors: Hernberg C. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The capacity of bone to take up phosphorus from an incubation medium was used as an indicator of bone formation in 31 cases of thyrotoxicosis. Eleven patients with no thyrotoxicosis served as controls. Three cases of hypothyroidism and one of hyperparathyroidism were also studied.
As compared with the phosphorus binding capacity of a standard bone powder the relative percentage of phosphorus uptake in the normal controls was 101.6 ±4.9. The values tended to decrease with increasing age. In the cases of hypothyroidism the mean relative percentage was 97. In the hyperparathyroid case it was 140.
The cases of thyrotoxicosis showed values between 99 and 137, with a mean of 118, st. dev. 12.1. There was no close correlation with the severity of thyrotoxicosis or with the nature of the goitre.
TREATMENT OF NON-TOXIC GOITRE WITH THYROID PREPARATIONS
Authors: Lamberg B.-A. , Hernberg C. A. , Hakkila Riitta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Treatment with a thyroid preparation was used in 75 cases of non-toxic goitre. In 63 cases there was nodular goitre in 12 diffuse goitre. The observation period varied from 3 to 42 months.
The size of the goitre decreased in 50 cases (68 per cent) of which 40 had a nodular goitre and 10 a diffuse goitre. In the 63 cases with a nodular goitre the size of the nodules decreased in 39 cases and the nodules disappeared completely in 2 cases (65 per cent). In 5 cases (7 per cent) there was no change in the size of the thyroid or the nodules. Temporary factitious hyperthyroidism appeared in 7 cases but subsided rapidly after adjustment of the dose. In one case an endogenous hyperthyroidism evidently developed, probably owing to initial latent hyperthyroidism.
Treatment of non-toxic goitre with thyroid preparations or hormones is recommended 1) in diffuse goitre, 2) in nodular goitre as a trial and 3) after thyroidectomy for compressive goitre. The value of radioactive iodine uptake or excretion tests for the assessment of the response to treatment and the adjustment of the dose is emphasized.
EFFECT OF COW'S MILK FROM THE GOITRE ENDEMIA DISTRICT OF FINLAND ON THYROID FUNCTION
Authors: Peltola P. , Krusius F.-E. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In order to elucidate the effect of a goitrogenic factor contained in milk collected in the goitre area of Finland, a series of rats was fed with milk from such a district and compared with a fully similar series fed with milk from a non-goitre area. After 1, 3, 5 and 11 weeks and 1 year the body weight, thyroid weight, thyroidal 131I uptake and serum cholesterol level of the animals in both series were determined. It was demonstrated that the thyroid of rats receiving milk from the goitre area increased much more rapidly in weight, beginning with the first week, than that of animals in the control series, the difference being statistically highly significant throughout the experiment. After the course of one year the difference was as much as twofold. The 131I uptake per weight unit of thyroid was decreased during 5 to 11 weeks in the rats receiving milk from the goitre area. The total thyroidal 131I uptake, however, showed an increasing tendency towards the end of the experiment in rats fed with milk from the goitre area, but only after one year the difference was statistically significant. In the body weight and serum cholesterol levels there were no detectable differences between the two series.
This study indicates that the milk collected in a goitre area contained a goitrogen, probably of thiouracil- or thio-oxazolidone-type, the effect of which could not be eliminated by iodine ingestion in excess. The possibly decisive role of this factor in the pathogenesis of the goitre endemia in Finland is briefly discussed. Different pasturing habits of cattle in goitre and non-goitre districts may explain the occurrence of a goitrogenic factor in the milk in certain parts of the country.
THYROID FUNCTION IN DIABETIC PATIENTS UNDER LONG-TERM SULFONYLUREA TREATMENT
Authors: Nikkilä Esko A. , Jakobson Theodor , Jokipii S. G. , Karlsson Kaj 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The sulfonylurea compounds now widely used for diabetes mellitus are known to have a thiouracil-like effect on the thyroid gland. This fact prompted a study of the functional state of the thyroid in subjects under long-term sulfonylurea treatment and living in an area with a relatively high incidence of goiter.
When determined during continuing medication, the serum protein-bound iodine and cholesterol levels, the 24 hour thyroidal uptake and 24 hour and 24–48 hour urinary excretions of radioiodine of sulphonylurea-treated diabetics were not different from those of diabetic or non-diabetic controls within the same age range. However, when tested a few days after withdrawal of the drug the radioiodine uptake by the thyroid was significantly higher than during the treatment period, thus indicating the presence of some thyroidal block during the consumption of sulfonylureas. The possible consequences of this undesirable side-effect particularly in combination with other goitrogenic factors are emphasized.
FAILURE TO DEMONSTRATE C19-STEROIDS IN BOVINE TESTES
Authors: Benirschke Kurt , Bloch Eric 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
An attempt has been made to demonstrate the possible presence of ketosteroids in the testes of foetal cattle. Two hundred foetal cattle specimens were secured among which there were 100 males. Conventional extraction with and without hydrolysis of the testes yielded no recognizable C19-steroids. From these results it is concluded that these organs contain less than 0.4 μg of any 17-ketosteroid or Δ4 3,20-diketosteroid per gram of tissue.
ADRENAL PHOSPHORYLASE AND THE ACTION OF CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Emberland Rolf 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Corticotrophin preparations are capable of stimulating the phosphorylase activity of fresh beef adrenal extract. The effect disappears when the extract is heated or purified and decreases with increasing age of the extract. 5-adenosine monophosphate has no influence on the phosphorylase activity of fresh beef adrenal extract but has a stimulating effect when the preparation is dialyzed.
By ammonium sulfate precipitation, calcium phosphate gel adsorption and ammonium sulfate fractionation, two phosphorylase fractions were obtained, one being influenced by 5-adenosine monophosphate to a much higher degree than the other one. None were influenced by corticotrophin.
ÜBER GONADENDYSGENESIE BEIM NEUGEBORENEN UND JUNGEN SÄUGLING MIT CHROMATINNEGATIVEM KERNBEFUND
Authors: Dhom Georg 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Report about two cases of gonadal dysgenesis with negative sex chromatin pattern in early childhood.
38-day old girl with unsuspected female external genitals, myelomeningocele, one-sided renal aplasia and uterus unicornis. The only present gonad is an ovary developed according to the age and full of ripening follicles.
A two-hours old premature birth with various deformities. Completely female external genitals, vagina and uterus duplex. On both sides serial sections show very small dysgenetical ovaries with a strongly reduced number of primordial follicles.
The observations show, that ovaries may be developed in cases of negativ sex chromatin pattern. It will be necessary to pay attention to the sex chromatin and the gonadal dysgenesis in female cases of various deformities.
THE FORMATION OF THYROXINE METABOLITES BY ESCHERICHIA COLI
Authors: Gräsbeck R. , Lamberg B.-A. , Björkstén F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A »wild« strain of Escherichia coli was incubated with labelled and non-labelled l-thyroxine. Chromatographic and electrophoretic studies demonstrated that several iodinated compounds were formed during incubation. One of the compounds seems fairly certainly to be tetra-iodothyroacetic acid (Tetrac, T A4), others may be tri-iodothyroacetic acid (Triac, TA3) and tetra-iodothyroformic acid (TFform4, Tetraform) but the identification of these substances requires further studies. An unknown compound stainable with diazotised sulphanilic acid and with a great mobility on chromatography was observed.
The findings may have some bearing on the enterohepatic circulation of the thyroid hormones. The usefulness of microbial techniques in the elucidation of the tissue metabolism of thyroid hormones and in the preparation of thyroxine analogues is pointed out.
GOITROGENIC EFFECT OF COW'S MILK FROM THE GOITRE DISTRICT OF FINLAND
Authors: Peltola P. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The purpose of the investigation was to study the goitrogenic activity of milk in the endemic goitre district in Finland by feeding rats with milk produced in this district. During one to two years the size of the animals' thyroid glands increased to almost twice the size of the thyroids of control rats given milk from the non-goitrous district. A marked excess of iodine in the food was not capable of inhibiting this goitrogenic effect. The occurrence of goitrogens in cattle fodder and milk in the goitre district may be explained, e. g., on the basis of the condition of pastures in Finland and may be responsible for the human goitre endemia in this country, especially when definite evidence of iodine deficiency in food is still lacking.
ETUDE DE L'ACTIVITE BIOLOGIQUE IN VITRO DES HORMONES GONADOTROPES
Authors: Legault-Démare J. , Mauléon P. , Suarez-Soto M. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Pregnant mares' serum gonadotrophin (PMS) when added to the incubation medium of slices of ewes' corpus luteum increases the amount of progesterone liberated.
The activity of the luteal tissue under the described in vitro conditions varies with the age of the corpus luteum, in a similar manner as under normal in vivo conditions.
On the contrary, the sensitivity of the tissue to PMS stimulation in vitro increases during the degenerative phase of the corpus luteum.
STUDIES ON THE UTERINE GROWTH-STIMULATING EFFECTS OF COMBINATIONS OF TESTOSTERONE PROPIONATE AND NATURAL OESTROGENS
Authors: Edgren Richard A. , Calhoun David W. , Harris Theodore W. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Testosterone propionate (TP), at a high dose level, produces an increase in the uterine growth produced by oestrone, 17β-oestradiol or oestriol, also at high dose levels. When low doses of TP were added to relatively high doses of the oestrogens, they were found to be additive with oestriol, inactive with 17β-oestradiol and inhibitory only with oestrone. Although in the conditions of this test the major type of interaction between oestrogens and androgens is additive, an inhibitory component is sometimes present. This is in contrast to the findings of Velardo and our own mouse uterine growth studies in which inhibition was most obvious. This additive-inhibitory pattern of activities appears characteristic for mixtures of oestrogens and other steroids, which suggests a sort of buffering on the biological level.
THE ACTION OF GROWTH HORMONE IN COMBINATION WITH LACTOGENIC HORMONE OR INTERSTITIAL CELL-STIMULATING HORMONE (ICSH) IN THE OVARY AND UTERUS OF ADULT RATS HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED AT TIME OF VAGINAL CORNIFICATION
Authors: Grattarola Renzo , Somigli Antonietta 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Adult female rats of the Long-Evans strain were hypophysectomized at the time of vaginal cornification and treated for either 5 or 10 days with various pituitary hormones and their combinations. With these hormones, an attempt was made to reproduce the pattern of development of the ovarian follicles observed in adult normal rats at the time of vaginal mucification (prooestrus) and at the time of vaginal cornification. With the combination of growth hormone (100 μg) plus ICSH (100 μg). given daily for 10 days, the vesicular follicles in the ovary were increased in number and size, and degeneration of the medium-sized solid follicles occurred, as is observed in normal adult rats at the prooestrus stage of the ovarian cycle. With the combination of growth hormone (100 μg) and lactogenic hormone (100 μg), given daily for 5 days, the primordial follicles and follicles of small and medium size were numerous, with intact ova and membrana granulosa. This picture reproduces the follicular pattern that is observed at the time of vaginal cornification of adult normal rats. Growth hormone by itself stimulated the thecal cells of the atretic follicles, and this stimulation was enhanced when lactogenic hormone was injected in combination with the growth hormone.
The uterine changes resulting from these various hormonal treatments are also described.
BODY WATER OF NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: Osler Mogens 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The total body water as well as the distribution of water in the extracellular and intracellular compartments was determined in 23 infants born to diabetic mothers (diab. infants) and 15 infants born to normal mothers (normal infants). The total body water was determined by the dilution method using heavy water, and the extracellular water by the dilution method using thiosulphate. Intracellular water was calculated as total water less extracellular water. The analytical methods are described.
Diab. infants proved to have a mean total body water of 2.48 litres or 70.2 per cent of the body weight, a mean extracellular water content of 1.41 litre or 38.5 per cent of the body weight, and a mean intracellular water content of 1.16 litre or 31.8 per cent of the body weight.
Normal infants had a mean total body water of 2.58 litres or 78.2 per cent of the body weight, a mean extracellular water content of 1.53 litre or 44.9 per cent of the body weight, and a mean intracellular water content of 1.12 litre or 33.5 per cent of the body weight.
The reduction in total and extracellular water in the diab. infants is statistically significant, whereas that of intracellular water is more doubtful. The reduction in total body water means that diab. infants are obese. A marked decrease in total as well as extracellular water without a substantial decrease in intracellular water cannot be due to obesity alone, since fat is assumed to contain more extracellular than intracellular water. Increased deposition of glycogen, which binds water in the cells and constitutes an intermediate product in the transformation of glucose to fat, can explain, when also considering the obesity, the reduction in total and extracellular water without a simultaneous decrease of intracellular water.
Considering the influence of insulin, corticosteroids and growth hormone on the body composition, the author concludes that the changes found in the body composition of newborn infants of diabetic mothers (obesity + presumably increased glycogen) may be assumed to be due to maternal hyperglycaemia with consequent foetal hyperglycaemia + hyperinsulinism, but not to an action of maternal growth hormone. In other words, the result supports the so-called hyperglycaemia hypothesis as the cause of the increased weight and changed body composition of the newborn infants of diabetic women.
BODY FAT OF NEWBORN INFANTS OF DIABETIC MOTHERS
Authors: Osler Mogens 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The body fat of newborn infants of diabetic mothers (diab. infants), normal full-term infants (norm, infants), and control infants, i. e. infants of the same gestational age as the diab. infants but born to normal mothers was determined by anthropometric measurements of the subcutaneous fat, partly by using a skin-fold caliper and partly by measuring the layer of subcutaneous tissue on X-ray films of the lower leg and chest. The thickness of the subcutaneous layer of fat was found to be increased in diab. infants by 38–46 % as compared with normal infants and by 50 % as compared with the control infants.
In this connection, the author refers to his previous studies of total body water in diab. infants and normal infants, since the fat content may be estimated on the basis of a knowledge of total body water. These studies showed that the total body water of diab. infants is 10 per cent below that of normal infants.
The techniques used cannot accurately determine the absolute fat content in the body, but it is illustrated by an example that the overweight of 550 g in diab. infants compared with normal control infants may be explained by an increased fat and glycogen content. Glycogen is formed in various quantities in the course of the transformation of carbohydrate into fat and is deposited, with binding of water, in the intracellular compartment.
From the investigations it may be concluded that at birth diab. infants are obese and thus have a relatively low total body water. The obesity may increase the resistance to respiration and strain the cardiovascular system. The apparent paradox that despite a low body water diab. infants show a tendency to oedema, large urinary output, and marked weight loss after birth may be explained by the phenomenon that apart from being obese. they contain various quantities of glycogen which binds water in the intracellular compartment. After birth, a rapid breakdown of glycogen occurs, involving a release of water, and this results in a tendency to oedema, large urinary output, and subsequent weight loss due to the excretion of water.
EFFECT OF A LATHYRUS FACTOR AND OF AN ANABOLIC STEROID ON HEALING OF FRACTURES IN RATS, STUDIED BY 35S UPTAKE METHOD
Authors: Kowalewski K. , Emery M. A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of toxic lathyrus factor beta-aminopropionitrile (BAPN) and of anabolic steroid 17-ethyl-19-nortesterone (»Nilevar«) on the 35S uptake by the healing fractures of rats' humeri was studied. The radioactivity of callus (C) in fractured humerus and in shaft of intact (I) humerus was recorded, one, two and three weeks after fracture, and C/I ratio calculated. BAPN diet resulted in the decrease of C/I ratio as compared with normal control. In rats treated with »Nilevar« C/I ratio was higher than that in both normal control and BAPN fed animals. It is apparent that BAPN inhibits and »Nilevar« promotes those processes of healing of bone which are associated with changes in connective tissue mucopolysaccharides and which may be studied by 35S uptake method.