bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Monocytes direct T lymphocyte stimulation of human peripheral blood granulocyte‐macrophage colony formation
Authors: Harvey. Andrew R. , Kaiser Jutta , Clarke Bryan J. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe committed granulocyte‐macrophage progenitor cell (or colony‐forming unit, CFU‐GM) differentiates in vitro under the influence of the soluble glycoprotein factor(s) termed colony stimulating activity (GM‐CSA), which can be derived from several cellular sources, including normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC). We have investigated the respective roles of the monocyte and T lymphocyte components of PBMNC in generating GM‐CSA using as an assay CFU‐GM colony formation by purified peripheral blood null cells. Highly purified unstimulated T‐lymphocytes did not themselves stimulate null cell CFU‐GM colony formation, but when monocytes were also included, large numbers of colonies were observed, far greater than those stimulated by monocytes alone. This synergism was independent of HLA phenotype, occurring with T‐lymphocyte and monocyte fractions from unrelated donors. Media conditioned by unstimulated purified monocytes promoted CFU‐GM colonies from null cells only in the presence of T‐Iymphocytes, suggesting that monocytes produce a factor directing the synthesis and/or release of GM‐CSA by T cells.
A and B blood group antigen expression on mixed colony cells and erythroid precursors: relevance for human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation
Authors: Blacklock. H. A. , Katz F. , Michalevicz. R. , Hazlehurst. G. R. P. , Davies L. , Prentice H. G. , Hoffbrand A. V. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYUsing anti‐A and anti‐B blood group monoclonal antibodies and fluorescent activated cell sorting of human bone marrow, A (or B) blood group antigen was shown to be on 5.2 ± 5.9 (meanfSD) % of CFU‐GEMM and 12 ± 5 ± 19.6% of the erythroid burst forming cells (designated BFU‐GEMM) as defined by the mixed colony assay, and 49.5±20% of the BFU‐E and 83.5±9.9% of the CFU‐E as defined by the erythroid colony assay. This antigen expression on the BFU‐GEMM is consistent with the concept that erythroid bursts stimulated by leucocyte conditioned medium are less mature, and are closer in development to the pluripotent stem cell than the BFU‐E. These results help to explain the delayed erythropoiesis, and perhaps impaired engraftment of all cell lineages, that may occur in some recipients of ABO incompatible bone marrow transplants, with persistent and high anti‐A titres.
Alteration of platelet responses to metabolites of arachidonic acid by oral contraceptives
Authors: Pan Jia‐Qi , Hall E. R. , Wu K. K. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThe effects of oral contraceptive (OC) usage on platelet responsiveness to arachidonic acid metabolites was investigated. Platelets obtained from women who had been taking oral contraceptives for at least 3 months were compared with those of age‐matched controls. Both the basal and prostacyclin (PGI2)‐stimulated platelet cAMP levels were significantly lower in OC users than in non‐users. There was no significant difference in the PGD2‐stimulated cAMP levels between the two groups. Furthermore, platelet aggregability to U46619, a TXA2 agonist, was greatly enhanced by OCs. Our data suggests that OC usage can specifically enhance platelet responsiveness to TXA2 while suppressing platelet responsiveness to PGI2. Thus their overall effect would be a disruption of normal platelet responses in favour of thrombus formation.
Neonatal antithrombin III
Authors: Peters Marjolein , Jansen Ed , Cate Jan W. ten , Kahle Laurens H. , Ockelford Paul , Breederveld Cees 
Published: March 2008

SummaryAntithrombin III (AT‐III) heparin cofactor activity and its antigen levels have been determined in 106 plasma samples from 42 term and preterm neonates. In contrast to healthy adult controls, a reduced activity/antigen (act/ag) ratio (ranging from 0‐26 to 0‐86) was observed in 90% of the samples and was independent of the state of health of the infant. By modifying the routine assay techniques, laboratory artefacts were excluded as the cause of the observed discrepancy. The relative increase in antigenic AT‐III could not be accounted for by circulating AT‐III‐thrombin complexes, or by increased heparin cofactor II plasma levels in neonates.
Quantitation of prothrombin activation products in human urine
Authors: Bezeaud Annie , Guillin Marie‐Claude 
Published: March 2008

SummaryUrine samples obtained from 37 normal individuals have been screened for the presence of prothrombin activation products using radioimmunoassays developed for fragment 1, fragment 2 and prothrombin derivatives bearing the thrombin region. The cross‐reacting materials detected in urine were isolated by affinity chromatography on insolubilized antibodies, and analysed by SDS polyacry‐lamide gel electrophoresis. The only prothrombin derivatives detected were fragment 1 (37/3 7) and fragment 2 (22/3 7). The mean values of daily urinary fragment 1 and fragment 2 excretion were respectively 13‐4 nM and 1‐5 nM.The excretion of prothrombin derivatives has been quantitated in 14 normal pregnant women, during the third trimester of gestation. The mean values of urinary excretion were 47‐2 nM per day for fragment 1 (P<0‐005) and 6‐4 nM per day for fragment 2 (P<0‐05). The significant increase in fragment 1 and fragment 2 excretion observed in a condition known to be associated with the so‐called hypercoagulable state suggest that the measurement of prothrombin derivatives in urine could be a useful tool for the non‐invasive detection of thromboembolic diseases or prethrombotic states.
Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation in man: in vitro activity of FTS‐Zn on T‐cell markers and functions
Authors: BORDIGONI P. , BÉNÉ M. C. , FAURE G. , DONNER M. , Janot C. , Dardenne M. , Duheille J. , Olive D. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryThymulin (FFTS‐Zn) is a synthetic metallo‐nonapeptide similar to the serum factor of thymic origin FTS, which induces the maturation of lymphoid cells. The activity of this compound on peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 12 bone marrow recipients was studied in vitro. It was demonstrated that thymulin was able to induce or modulate the expression of T‐cell membrane markers, to enhance the proliferative responsiveness of lymphocytes to mitogens or allogeneic cells, and to increase mononuclear cells’ natural killer activity. This in vitro responsiveness was contemporary to a transient decrease of FTS levels in the patients’ serum, documented by sequential assays.These results suggest that thymulin could be of interest as a prophylactic therapy to speed up the immunological reconstitution of bone marrow recipients.
A model for erythropoiesis in experimental chronic renal failure
Authors: Mason C. , Thomas T. H. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryChronic renal failure (CRF) in rats was induced by various subtotal nephrectomy procedures. Plasma creatinine concentrations ([Creat]p) were consistently elevated in partially nephrectomized (PNX) rats (P& 0.001) and renal function ([Creat]p−1) was correlated with the amount of intact renal tissue (r= 0.624, P < 0.001). Red blood cell (RBC) production in uraemic and non‐uraemic rats was assessed using the recovery of packed cell volume (PCV) and the production of reticulocytes in response to acute blood loss (5, 10, 15 and 20 ml kg−1 body wt). PCV recovery was significantly delayed and failed to reach pre‐bleed values for up to 28 d in PNX rats compared with full recovery within 8 d in controls. Linear relationships between the index of reticulocyte production (RP1) and blood loss induced falls in PCV were found in PNX (r=−0.679, P<0.001) and control rats (r=−0.696, P < 0.001). The index of RBC production was lower in PNX rats compared with controls. This was attributed to a reduced erythropoietin (Ep) mediated reticulocyte response to acute blood loss in PNX rats. PNX rats developed a normocytic, normochromic form of anaemia in which the red blood cell volume (RBCV) and plasma volume (PV) were both appropriate for measured PCVs. The reduced RBC production response in experimental CRF may explain the development of anaemia in PNX rats, even though steady state erythropoiesis may eventually be established at a reduced level of PCV. Furthermore, the quantitative evaluation of RBC production in response to acute blood loss provides a further model for the assessment of agents which may stimulate erythropoiesis in CRF.
Extramedullary presentation of the blast crisis of chronic myelogenous leukaemia
Authors: Jacknow Gerald , Frizzera Glauco , Gajl‐Peczalska Kazimiera , Banks Peter M. , Arthur Diane C. , McGlave Philip B. , Hurd David D. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. We report the clinical histories and a multiparameter pathological study of the extramedullary lesions of seven patients with chronic myelogenous leukaemia in whom the initial clinical presentation of blast crisis (BC) was in an extramedullary site (lymph nodes in six, mandibular mass in one). Bone marrow BC was demonstrated simultaneously or within a few months in four patients. Three patients received chemotherapy only, four underwent bone marrow transplant. Six patients died within 1 year from diagnosis of extramedullary BC, one is alive without disease. The longest survivals (12 +, 12, 11 months) were those of patients who never developed bone marrow BC and were recipients of bone marrow transplant.Studies of extramedullary disease included: histology; histochemistry for chloracetate esterase (CAE) and lysozyme; assays for TdT; electron microscopy; immunofluorescence for Fc‐receptors, immunoglobulins and lymphoid and myeloid antigens by a panel of monoclonal antibodies; and cytogenetics. Three cases were classified as myeloid BC based on histochemistry and/or ultrastructure and immunology (OKM1+, MCS2+, IG10+); two as lymphoid BC (CAE‐, lysozyme‐, TdT+), one of them expressing a T‐cell phenotype. Cytogenetic analysis of extramedullary lesions and simultaneous or subsequent bone marrows demonstrated identical karyotypes in three patients and significantly different karyotypes in one.
Stimulatory serum factors in aplastic anaemia
Authors: Nissen C. , Moser Y. , Weis J. , Speck B. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Human serum contains an activity which enhances the release of colony stimulating and burst promoting activity (CSA and BPA). It is low in the majority of normal sera and was found elevated in patients with aplastic anaemia.The patient's ‘response’ to autologous serum releaser activity was measured by comparing CSA and BPA release by patient cells in percentage of release by normal cells. This ‘response’ was negatively correlated with serum releaser activity (P=0·0035 for CSA‐release, P <0·0001 for BPA‐release), i.e. releaser activity was high, when factor release was low.This inverse relationship between releaser activity and the patient's response was also observed in four patients with pancytopenia of causes other than aplastic anaemia. We conclude that elevated serum releaser activity reflects a repair mechanisms which operates when CSA‐ and BPA‐production is inadequate. Thus, releaser activity is likely to be a haemopoietic regulator.
Stimulatory serum factors in aplastic anaemia II
Authors: Nissen C. , Moser Y. , Speck B. , Gratwohland A. , Weis J. 
Published: March 2008

Summary. Serum from patients with aplastic anaemia contains two distinct stimulatory activities on haemopoiesis in culture. The first is a highly unstable enhancing activity, which mainly stimulates colony formation from BFU‐E and macrophage precursors, and only acts when added directly to target bone marrow cultures. It is destroyed by Sephadex G‐150 chromatography, and thus differs from colony stimulating activity (CSA) and burst promoting activity (BPA). Its mode of action is unknown. It was elevated in 70/97 patients with severe aplastic anaemia (SAA). 71 of these 97 patients were treated with high dose immunosuppression. 55/71 who achieved self‐sustaining haemopoiesis had higher serum stimulating activity on BFU‐E than 16/71 who never achieved remission (P= 0·0004). It was predictive of response as an all or none phenomenon, independent of the time required for recovery. It was, however, unsatisfactory as a single prognostic test. Bone marrow reconstitution also occurred in 4/71 patients whose serum inhibited BFU‐E in direct culture.The second stimulator acts via enhancement of CSA‐ and BPA‐release by accessory cells and is therefore termed ‘releaser’ activity. It was elevated in 27 of 51 aplastic anaemia patients and did not correlate with direct stimulatory activity. High ‘releaser’ activity was not predictive of response in 42 patients treated with high dose immunosuppression. However, the ability of patient cells to respond to autologous ‘releaser’ activity was a positive risk factor. Patients whose cells released an excess of CSA in the presence of autologous serum had a significantly higher chance of autologous recovery within 3 months than patients who produced little or no CSA in the presence of normal or excess releaser activity (P <0·0001).A scoring system which includes these two good risk factors is proposed for estimation of a patient's probability to recover autologous bone marrow reconstitution.
(Aγδβ)°‐Thalassaemia in Blacks is due to a deletion of 34 kbp of DNA
Authors: Henthorn P. S. , Smithies O. , Nakatsuji T. , Felice A. E. , Gardiner M. B. , Reese A. L. , Huisman T. H. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryDNA from members of 10 Black families with conditions considered to be Gγδβ)°‐thalassaemia or Gγδβ)°‐HPFH were studied by using restriction enzyme analysis. One or more affected members from each family were shown to have the same deletion of 34 kbp of DNA in the human β‐globin gene cluster. A clone spanning the deletion was isolated from the DNA of one such person and studied in detail. The deletion removed part of the Aγ and all of the Ψβ, δ and β‐globin genes and is different from the four previously identified deletions which caused a condition presently known as (Aγδβ)°‐thalassaemia.
AIDS surveillance in haemophilia
Authors: Daly Helena M. , Palmer R. , Scott G. L. , Lee G. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryWe suspected a patient attending our Haemophilia Centre had developed Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) and therefore immunological evaluation was performed on 43 patients with haemophilia and von Willebrand's disease attending the Centre. The index patient died of Pneumocytis carinii pneumonia. Thirty‐one patients had either abnormal T cell subsets or helper/suppressor ratios. Thirty‐two patients had hypergammaglobulinaemia. There was no direct correlation between these immunological abnormalities and the total amount or type of treatment received. T cell abnormalities were not confined to the 13 patients who had received the same batches of concentrate as the index case.The index case simultaneously contracted hepatitis B. He was the only patient to receive a large amount of the suspect batches of concentrate, not previously immune to hepatitis B.
Cell lineage heterogeneity in blast crisis of chronic myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Bettelheim P. , Lutz D. , Majdic O. , Paietta E. , Haas O. , Linkesch W. , Neumann E. , Lechner K. , Knapp W. 
Published: March 2008

Summary Blast cells from 45 patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia in blast crisis (CML‐BC) were immunologically phenotyped with a panel of 26 monoclonal antibodies and studied for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT) content. Out of 45 blast‐populations, 28 showed a myeloid, 14 a lymphoid, two a mixed and one an unclassifiable marker profile.In contrast to acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), we found frequent involvement of the thrombopoietic and erythropoietic systems in myeloid CML‐BC. Furthermore, the marker profile on blast cells in myeloid CML‐BC was different from that seen in AML. The blast cells in lymphoid blast crises of CML displayed the same lymphoid marker profile as those in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia.In three of 16 patients who were serially tested, we observed phenotypic changes in the blast cell populations. In one patient the blasts changed from lymphoid to myeloid type while remaining TdT‐positive; in another case the blasts switched from granulomonocytic TdT‐negative to granulomonocytic TdT‐positive. In the third patient erythroid precursor cells appeared as the disease progressed.The results indicate the capacity of blast populations in CML‐patients during blast crisis to differentiate along several pathways.
Staging systems for multiple myeloma: a comparison
Authors: Gassmann W. , Pralle H. , Haferlach T. , Pandurevic S. , Graubner M. , Schmitz N. , Löffler H. 
Published: March 2008

Summary In 152 patients with multiple myeloma who had been treated with cytostatic agents the prognostic value of seven staging systems was evaluated: (1) Carbone et al (1967); (2) Acute Leukemia Group B (ALGB) and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) (Costa et al, 1973); (3) Southeastern Cancer Study Group (SECSG) (1975); (4) Durie & Salmon (1975); (5) Alexanian et al (1975); (6) Merlini et al (1980); (7) British Medical Research Council (1980).The staging systems of the ALGB (Costa et al, 1973) and SECSG (1975), both dividing patients into ‘good risk’ and ‘poor risk’ groups, showed significantly different survival curves. Nevertheless, despite statistical significance the observed differences were rather small. In the systems of Carbone et al (1967), Merlini et al (1980), Alexanian et al (1975) and Durie & Salmon (1975) some of the differences in the survival curves were statistically significant while others were not. Our data best fitted into the British Medical Research Council (1980) staging system, the survival curves of all three stages showing significant differences, with median survival time dropping from 83 months in stage A to 52 months in stage B and 26 months in stage C. Nevertheless, none of those systems was clearly superior to single risk factors, especially creatinine and haemoglobin.
Non‐benign sickle cell anaemia in western Saudi Arabia
Authors: Acquaye Joseph K. , Omer Awad , Ganeshaguru Kanagasabai , Sejeny Saud A. , Hoffbrand A. Victor 
Published: March 2008

SummarySeventy‐one Saudi and Yemeni Arabs with sickle cell anaemia from western Saudi Arabia aged between 11/2 and 42 years were studied. The mean steady state haemoglobin concentration of 8.1 g/dl was lower than that of 10.7 g/dl reported previously for sickle cell anaemia in eastern Saudi Arabia. The patients were divided into an SSLF group with fetal haemoglobin (HbF) of 10.0% or below (44 patients) and an SSHF group having HbF above 10.0% (27 patients). No significant differences were found in the haemoglobin concentrations, haematological indices and incidences of bone changes of the two groups. SSLF patients were significantly more prone to infections (P<0.01), however. Also, there was an overall high incidence of hepatomegaly (69.0%) and splenomegaly (54.9%) and hepatomegaly was significantly more common in the SSLF group (P<0.02).Many of the patients, even with HbF levels over 10.0%, did not follow a benign course and suffered from severe anaemia, infections of the respiratory and urinary tracts, bone pains and infarcts, or bossing of the skull. Rarer complications included hepatic crisis, chest syndrome, retinal haemorrhage, epistaxis and hemiplegia. It is therefore apparent that Saudi Arabian sickle cell anaemia, even in patients with raised haemoglobin F levels, may be as clinically severe as in African patients.
Colony formation by primitive haemopoietic progenitors in cocultures of bone marrow cells and stromal cells
Authors: Gordon M. Y. , Hibbin J. A. , Kearney L. U. , Gordon‐Smith E. C. , Goldman J. M. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryHuman bone marrow contains a class of human haemopoietic progenitor cells that adhere to cultured marrow stromal cells and form colonies of blast cells. These progenitor cells are found in the non‐adherent mononuclear fraction of normal human bone marrow. They are not in active cell cycle and do not express Ia‐like (HLA‐DR) antigens but appear to be capable of self‐renewal in vitro. These properties indicate that they should be classified as members of the primitive haemopoietic progenitor cell compartment.
ADCC lysis of human erythrocytes sensitized with rhesus alloantibodies IV. CHARACTERIZATION OF ANTI‐D SERA WHICH ARE INACTIVE IN ADCC
Authors: Barclay G. R. , Forouhi P. , McCann Moira C. , Greiss M. Ayoub , Urbaniak S. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCertain anti‐D sera, selected on the basis of their agglutination characteristics in vitro, fail to induce lysis of Rh(D) positive red cells by lymphocyte mediated antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). Further investigation revealed that the non‐lytic anti‐D blocked in an antigen specific manner the effect of other anti‐D sera which were normally lytic in ADCC. Absorption selection studies and fractionation of a non‐lytic anti‐D serum showed that the blocking effect was associated with IgG anti‐D. Antigen binding and lymphocyte Fc‐receptor binding studies indicated that the non‐lytic anti‐D was bound to Rh(D) positive red cells and enabled them to be bound by lymphocytes, but failed to mediate ADCC.
Platelet membrane glycoprotein abnormalities in patients with myeloproliferative disorders and secondary thrombocytosis
Authors: Clezardin P. , McGregor J. L. , Dechavanne M. , Clemetson K. J. 
Published: March 2008

SummaryCarbohydrate‐specific surface labelling and 125I‐labelled lectin binding techniques, in combination with one‐ or two‐dimensional (non‐reduced/reduced) SDS‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been used with platelets from patients with myeloproliferation disorders and secondary thrombocytosis and from healthy donors. In essential thrombocythaemia platelet membrane glycoproteins were significantly less sialylated than in normals (particularly GP Ib and IIIa). Increased binding of125I‐labelled Lens culinaris lectin to thrombospondin and GP IIIa indicated a defect in the glucose/mannose glycosylation of the platelet glycoproteins in essential thrombocythaemia. In polycythaemia vera and in chronic myeloid leukaemia the terminal sialic acid of glycoprotein IIIb was labelled slightly more than normal. In chronic myeloid leukaemia there was increased labelling of the penultimate galactose/N‐acetylgalactosamine residues of GP Ib, IIb, IIIa and IIIb. In comparison to myeloproliferative disorders, platelets from patients with secondary thrombocytosis showed no significant changes, except for platelets from two patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura which showed an increased sialylation of all surface glycoproteins.
Book Reviews
Authors: Shinton N. K. , Lewis S. M. , Brozovic Milica , Marcus Robert 
Published: March 2008

Book Reviews in This Article:Practical Haematology, 6th edition. By J. V. Dacie and S. M. Lewis.Blood Cells in Nuclear Medicine, Part II. Migratory Blood Cells. Edited by G. F. Fueger.L'Héparine—Fabrication, Structure, Propriétés, Analyses. By J. P. DuClos.The Leukaemias—Epidemiological Aspects. By Martha S. Linet.