Abstract B002: Exploiting JAK/STAT signaling to inhibit highly advanced and resistant forms of ovarian cancer
Authors: Rodman Esther , Emch Michael , Bajaj Archit , Tang Xiaojia , Hou Xiaonan , Kaufmann Scott , Kalari Krishna , Weroha John , Hawse John 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most fatal of all female reproductive cancers due to its late detection, aggressive nature, and propensity to develop resistance to current standards of care. Despite initial responses to first line platinum- and paclitaxel-based chemotherapies, &gt;70% of ovarian cancers recur with increasingly resistant disease. Targeted therapies, including PARP-inhibitors (PARPi) and VEGF-inhibitors, are being included in the front-line setting; and while they have improved progression-free survival in a subset of patients, they have thus far failed to improve overall survival in patients without specific genetic signatures. With the broad uptake of PARPi, PARPi-resistance is becoming common. Once resistance develops, nearly all patients die of their disease and there is an obvious need to elucidate the basis for chemotherapy- and PARPi-resistance and devise novel approaches to overcome resistance. Using a small molecule drug screen, we identified lestaurtinib, a known tyrosine kinase inhibitor as a potent inhibitor of treatment naive and highly advanced models of ovarian cancer. Lestaurtinib was originally developed to target FLT3, a protein not expressed in any ovarian cancer models we’ve tested. To identify lestaurtinib targets, we preformed phospho-proteomics in parallel with RNAseq and discovered the JAK/STAT signally pathway as a top hit. We confirmed that essential components of JAK/STAT signaling are constitutively activated in chemotherapy- and PARPi-resistant cells, suggesting that induction of this pathway may drive resistance. Importantly, we found that lestaurtinib-sensitive patient-derived-xenografts (PDXs) exhibited higher expression of multiple JAK/STAT signaling pathway members compared to PDXs that did not respond to lestaurtinib. Genetic knockdown of STAT1 and STAT3 via siRNA, or knockout via CRISPR/Cas9, resulted in significant growth inhibition of sensitive and resistant models, confirming their importance in maintaining cell viability and progression. Combining lestuartinib with standard-of-care cisplatin or olaparib, a PARPi, was shown to be synergistic in multiple models, indicating that pharmacological inhibition of JAK/STAT signaling has the potential to alleviate drug resistance. Finally, we assessed a panel of JAK/STAT inhibitors that interfere at various levels of the pathway and found profound differences in their ability to block STAT-phosphorylation and inhibit cell proliferation. Thus, it is critical to further define the mechanisms by which these drugs function to selectively suppress JAK/STAT signaling in order to elucidate specific nodes of the pathway that drive ovarian cancer progression. Ongoing studies are aimed at identifying the unique roles of STAT1 and STAT3, the specific contributions of their tyrosine and serine phosphorylation, and the relevance of up-/down-stream mediators of the JAK/STAT pathway on ovarian cancer cell growth with the goal of informing future clinical trials.
Citation Format: Esther Rodman, Michael Emch, Archit Bajaj, Xiaojia Tang, Xiaonan Hou, Scott Kaufmann, Krishna Kalari, John Weroha, John Hawse. Exploiting JAK/STAT signaling to inhibit highly advanced and resistant forms of ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Ovarian Cancer; 2023 Oct 5-7; Boston, Massachusetts. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(5 Suppl_2):Abstract nr B002.