bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Early Patient and Clinician Experiences with Continuous Glucose Monitoring
Authors: Bloomgarden David K. , Freeman Janine , DeRobertis Elizabeth 
Published: May 2008

Fifteen years after publication of landmark studies that clearly demonstrated the benefits of intensive diabetes management, patients continue to fall short of glycemic goals. The risk of hypoglycemia remains a major barrier to optimal glycemic control.
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) can assist in overcoming some of the limitations of self-monitoring of blood glucose by providing the ability to track glucose levels 24 hours a day, observe glucose trends and patterns, and receive alarms or alerts for actual and impending hypo- and hyperglycemia. In the brief time it has been available, studies have already demonstrated an association between the use of CGM and less time spent in hypo- and hyperglycemia, reduced glycemic variability, and reduced hemoglobin A1c levels.
Because little information exists in the literature regarding teaching and learning experiences to assist clinicians beginning to incorporate CGM into their practices, the training and user experience from a 12-week study of patients using the FreeStyle Navigator CGM system was evaluated. Through responses to questionnaires, clinicians indicated the ability to train easily on the CGM system, and both patients and clinicians felt that they were able to make more informed decisions on therapy adjustments based on information from the receiver and the data management reports.
It is important for clinicians and patients to understand the scope and limitations of this new technology to prevent unrealistic expectations. It is imperative to provide adequate training and education to effectively manage and use the large amount of data made available by CGM.
Use of Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring Technology in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Block Jen M. , Buckingham Bruce 
Published: May 2008

In Brief
This article combines research findings and clinical experience that are unique to the use of continuous glucose monitoring in children and adolescents. It stresses the importance of realistic expectations, describes consideratons related to wearability, and reviews the potential benefit of glucose alarm features for pediatric patients.
The Nature of Relationships in Alternative Dementia Care Environments
Authors: Wiersma Elaine C. , Pedlar Alison 
Published: May 2008

RÉSUMÉAvec l'aide de sept entrevues et l'observation de terrain conduite dans deux contextes contrastes – un établissement spécialisé pour personnes âgées et un camp de vacances d'été, nous avons constatez dans cette enquête d'analyse, que deux stratégies différentes sont utilisées par des hommes âgés souffrant de démence. Le premier est un rapport fonctionnel, le deuxième est un rapport de support. Notamment, dans des rapports de support, les participants ont employé l'humour et la nostalgie. Tandis que dans un contexte plus sociable et dépourvu de règlements (le camp de vacances par exemple), les rapports ont changé, et inclus des principes d'égalité, d'interactions personnelles, la réciprocité, et de la confiance.
Hospitalization Rates of Nursing Home Residents and Community-Dwelling Seniors in British Columbia
Authors: Ronald Lisa A. , McGregor Margaret J. , McGrail Kimberlyn M. , Tate Robert B. , Broemling Anne-Marie 
Published: May 2008

RÉSUMÉl'utilisation de l'ensemble des services de soins actifs par les pensionnaires des CHSLD (centres d'hébergement et de soins de longue durée) au Canada n'a pas été bien documentée. Nous visions à déterminer les principales causes de l'hospitalisation des pensionnaires des CHSLD et à en comparer le taux avec celui des personnes âgées résidant dans la communauté. Nous avons analysé une cohorte rétrospective à l'aide de données administratives sur la santé au niveau de la population, y compris toutes les personnes de 65 ans et plus résidant dans un CHSLD en Colombie-Britannique entre avril 1996 et mars 1999. Les taux d'hospitalisation des pensionnaires des CHSLD ont été comparés aux taux estimatifs des personnes âgées résidant dans la communauté, à l'aide de ratios standardisés d'incidence en fonction du sexe (RSI): RSI = 2,81 (95% CI: 2,71, 2,91) pour les fractures du fémur ; 1,96 (1,88, 2,04) pour la pneumonie ; 0,73 (0,70, 0,76) pour d'autres maladies du coeur; et 1,01 (0,99, 1,02) toutes causes confondues. Les pensionnaires des CHSLD sont plus susceptibles de présenter un écart plus considérable du taux d'hospitalisation pour une fracture du fémur ou une pneumonie, les pensionnaires des CHSLD représentant environ le quart des aînés de la Colombie-Britannique hospitalisés pour une fracture du fémur.
An Alumni Survey to Assess Self-Reported Career Preparation Attained at a US Veterinary School
Authors: Hardin Laura E. , Ainsworth J.A. 
Published: May 2008

The American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) Council on Education (COE) has challenged veterinary schools to improve self-assessment of curricular outcomes. One way to assess the quality of education is to gather feedback from alumni. To successfully gather feedback using a questionnaire, questions must be pertinent to veterinary education and include quantifiable responses. Several principles must be applied in questionnaire development to ensure that the questions address the intended issues, that questions are interpreted correctly and consistently, and that responses are quantifiable. The objectives of the questionnaire for alumni of Mississippi State University's College of Veterinary Medicine (MSU-CVM) were twofold: (1) to determine whether graduates were comparable to their US peers in terms of work opportunities and salary, and (2) to evaluate how well the CVM curriculum prepared students to begin their veterinary careers. Demographic categories used by the AVMA and published knowledge, skills, attitudes, and aptitudes of veterinary graduates were used in developing the questions. College-specific questions, such as those relating to student activities and impressions of college resources, were also incorporated. Questionnaires were mailed to participants, who could respond via the World Wide Web. Questionnaire results allowed leaders within the college to determine which aspects of alumni's experiences were exceptionally positive, which needed immediate response, and which might require further study. This article describes the application of principles in developing, administering, and analyzing responses to a questionnaire regarding veterinary education.
Managing Expectations: The Art of Finding and Keeping Loyal Clients
Authors: Baker Susan Keane 
Published: May 2008

EDITOR'S NOTE Susan Keane Baker was the opening speaker of the symposium on Veterinary Teaching Hospitals and the Future of Clinical Veterinary Medical Education, held in November of 2006 in Kansas City, Missouri. A nationally known consultant on communication in human health care, Ms Baker offered a number of helpful insights on improving veterinarian–client relationships by managing the client's expectations. This article captures some of those insights and provides food for thought.
Shape control of new FexO–Fe3O4and Fe1–yMnyO–Fe3–zMnzO4 nanostructures
Authors: Hofmann Cristina , Rusakova Irene , Ould‐Ely Teyeb , Prieto‐Centurión Darío , Hartman Keith B. , Kelly Anna T. , Lüttge Andreas , Whitmire Kenton H. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNew nanoparticle shapes of iron oxide (FexOFe3O4, where 0.8 < x < 1) and iron‐manganese oxide (Fe1–yMnyOFe3–zMnzO4, where 0 < y < 1, and 0 < z < 3) were synthesized by decomposition of the corresponding metal formates in tri‐n‐octylamine/oleic acid mixtures at elevated temperatures (ca. 370 °C), under an inert atmosphere. Details of the syntheses leading to the various shapes of nanoparticles are provided as a function of the reactions parameters, that is, precursor type and concentration, surfactant concentration, water concentration, reaction time, and temperature. Different electron microscopy techniques were used to characterize the crystal phases and the novel shapes of these nanostructures. Nanoparticles of FexOFe3O4 were produced with different shapes, that is spheres, hexagons, and cubes, depending on the reaction conditions. By tuning the conditions, iron oxide nanocubes with concave faces were produced exclusively. Electron and X‐ray diffraction data reveal these nanocubes to be single‐crystal FexO (wüstite) with small amounts of Fe3O4 (magnetite). For the mixed metal system, solid solutions of Fe1–yMnyO with very small amounts of Fe3–zMnzO4 were observed, in which the produced oxide had a larger Fe:Mn ratio than present in the starting reagents. Adjusting the iron to manganese ratio in the mixed‐metal nanoparticles resulted in different shapes. Nanoparticles with ca. 1:1 (Fe:Mn) ratios displayed a ‘dog‐bone‐like’ morphology, which can be considered a shape in between a pure FexOFe3O4 nanocube and the rod‐like nanostructures previously reported for the manganese oxide system. In general, higher Fe:Mn ratios (e.g., 9:1) in the product resulted in nanostructures with cubic shapes, while lower Fe:Mn values (e.g., 2:8) resulted in long (ca. 200 nm) rod‐like nanostructures with flared ends. All of the nanostructures reported here exhibit internal structures that suggest a growth mechanism with etching on negatively curved rough crystal faces. Oxidation of the nanoparticles occurred with retention of their original shape.
Reversible Diffraction Efficiency of Photochromic Polymer Gratings Related to Photoinduced Dimensional Changes
Authors: Fragouli Despina , Persano Luana , Paladini Giovanni , Pisignano Dario , Carzino Riccardo , Pignatelli Francesca , Cingolani Roberto , Athanassiou Athanassia 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this Full Paper, the possibility of reversibly changing the diffraction efficiency of gratings, fabricated by soft molding lithography on polymer films, containing photochromic molecules, is demonstrated. In particular, alternating UV and visible laser irradiation of the gratings causes the doped photochromic molecules to undergo transformations, which induce reversible dimensional changes to the samples. As a result, reversible changes are monitored in the intensity of the beams of a diode laser, transmitted and diffracted from the gratings. These changes affect the diffraction efficiency, which is increased upon irradiation with UV and decreased after irradiation with visible laser light. Such gratings are promising candidates for the fabrication of modern optical components such as optical switching devices.
Proton‐Promoted Hydroamination of 3‐Dialkylthiomethylene‐1,4‐pentadiynes with o‐Phenylenediamines: A Facile Route to Benzo[b][1,4]diazepines
Authors: Zhao Yu‐Long , Li Da‐Zhi , Han Xiao‐Dan , Chen Li , Liu Qun 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe first proton‐promoted intermolecular hydroamination reaction of the enynes, α,α‐dialkynylketene S,S‐acetals 2, is described. A series of benzo[b][1,4]diazepines, with the structures of 3 and 5, were prepared chemo‐ and regioselectively in good to high yields by reacting the readily available 1,4‐diynes 2 with both terminal and internal alkyne functions with o‐phenylenediamines under very mild conditions.
Cystatin C as a marker of cognitive function in elders: Findings from the health ABC study
Authors: Yaffe Kristine , Lindquist Karla , Shlipak Michael G. , Simonsick Eleanor , Fried Linda , Rosano Caterina , Satterfield Suzanne , Atkinson Hal , Windham B. Gwen , Kurella‐Tamura Manjula 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWe determined whether serum cystatin C, a novel measure of kidney function that colocalizes with brain β‐amyloid, is associated with cognition among 3,030 elders. Those with high cystatin C (n = 445; 15%) had worse baseline scores on Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination or Digit Symbol Substitution Test (p ≤ 0.02) compared with those with intermediate/low level and 7 years greater decline (p ≤ 0.04). Incident cognitive impairment (decline ≥1.0 standard deviation) was greatest among those with high cystatin C (Modified Mini‐Mental State Examination: 38 vs 25%; adjusted odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.37–2.69; Digit Symbol Substitution: 38 vs 26%; odds ratio, 1.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.10–2.15). Ann Neurol 2008
Crystallization of poly(butylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene octene) blends: Isothermal crystallization
Authors: Huang Jiann‐Wen , Wen Ya‐Lan , Kang Chiun‐Chia , Yeh Mou‐Yung , Wen Shaw‐Bing 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPoly(ethylene‐octene) (POE), maleic anhydride grafted poly(ethylene‐octene) (mPOE), and a mixture of POE and mPOE were added to poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) to prepare PBT/POE, PBT/mPOE, and PBT/mPOE/POE blends by a twin‐screw extruder. Observation by scanning electron microscopy revealed improved compatibility between PBT and POE in the presence of maleic anhydride groups. The melting behavior and isothermal crystallization kinetics of the blends were studied by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimeter; the kinetics data was delineated by kinetic models. The addition of POE or mPOE did not affect the melting behavior of PBT in samples quenched in water after blending in an extrude. Subsequent DSC scans of isothermally crystallized PBT and PBT blends exhibited two melting endotherms (TmI and TmII). TmI was the fusion of the crystals grown by normal primary crystallization and TmII was the melting peak of the most perfect crystals after reorganization. The dispersed second phase hindered the crystallization; on the other hand, the well dispersed phases with smaller size enhanced crystallization because of higher nucleation density. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mechanical properties and thermal stability of poly(L‐lactide)/calcium carbonate composites
Authors: Kim Hun‐Sik , Park Byung Hyun , Choi Jae Hoon , Yoon Jin‐San 
Published: May 2008

AbstractPoly(L‐lactide) (PLA) was melt‐mixed with micrometer‐sized and nanosized calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles before and after modification with calcium stearate. Adhesion between the CaCO3 particles and the PLA matrix was assessed qualitatively by scanning electron microscopy observation of the fractured surface morphology of the composites. The effect of the incorporation of the CaCO3 particles on the thermal stability of the PLA‐based composites was quantified by the temperatures corresponding to 5 and 50% of weight loss and the activation energy determined through thermogravimetric analyses of the composites. The tensile strength and modulus values of the composite were improved greatly without a significant loss in the elongation at break when the nanosized CaCO3 was incorporated up to 30 wt %. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Effects of silver nanoparticles on the dynamic crystallization and physical properties of syndiotactic polypropylene
Authors: Chae Dong Wook , Shim Kwang Bo , Kim Byoung Chul 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe effects of silver (Ag) nanoparticles on the physical properties of syndiotactic PP (sPP) were investigated concentrating on the isothermal melt crystallization behavior under shear. sPP with 5 wt % Ag nanoparticles presented higher crystallization temperature (Tc) and heat of crystallization (ΔHc) than pure sPP. At 90°C, the Ag nanoparticles had little effect on the induction time of crystallization but a little increased the half‐time (t1/2) for the crystallization. At 100°C, however, the induction time was decreased with increasing the Ag content and the t1/2 was decreased up to the Ag content of 0.5 wt %. DSC melting endotherms exhibited double melting peaks when crystallized at 90°C under shear but a single melting peak when crystallized at 100°C. The WAXD patterns exhibited that the presence of Ag nanoparticles did not produce any change in the crystal structure of sPP. The tensile strength of sPP is little changed up to the Ag content of 0.1 wt % but it was decreased with further addition. In addition, the introduction of less than 0.1 wt % Ag increased the elongation at break, but further addition decreased it abruptly. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Kinetics and mechanism of seeded dispersion polymerization
Authors: Jiang Sheng , Sudol E. David , Dimonie Victoria L. , El‐Aasser Mohamed S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanism of seeded dispersion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) was studied by applying both micron and submicron PMMA seeds. Using a 1.7 μm PMMA seed (Np = 1 × 1012/L) and a monomer polymer ratio (M/P) of 28/1, secondary nucleation was found to occur and the number of new particles exceeded that produced in a parallel ab initio dispersion polymerization. This was explained by the paradoxical initiator concentration effect seen in dispersion polymerizations where the number of particles decreases with increasing initiator concentration. In contrast, using 194 nm (Np = 26 × 1012/L; M/P = 833/1) and 317 nm (Np = 5.6 × 1012/L; M/P = 714/1) submicron seeds, it was found that the final particle number was similar to (or less in a few cases) the initial seed number over a relatively wide range of initiator concentrations. With increasing initiator concentration, the initial reaction rate increased but the maximum reaction rate decreased slightly. This was explained by increased radical termination particularly in unstable nuclei, leading to a reduced radical entry rate. The reaction rate was found to be moderately dependent on the number of seed particles, but was independent of the seed surface area. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Biobased polyisocyanates from plant oil triglycerides: Synthesis, polymerization, and characterization
Authors: Çaylı Gökhan , Küsefoğlu Selim 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIn this study, an easy and efficient synthesis of unsaturated plant oil triglycerides having isocyanate groups is reported. In the first step of the synthesis, the triglyceride was brominated at the allylic positions by a reaction with N‐bromosuccinimide, and in the second step, these brominated species were reacted with AgNCO to convert them to isocyanate‐containing triglycerides. At the end of the reaction, approximately 60–70% of the bromine was replaced by NCO groups, and the double bonds of the triglyceride were not consumed. When the amount of AgNCO was increased, the yield also increased. The final products were characterized with IR and 1H‐NMR, and polyurethanes and polyureas were obtained from these fatty isocyanates with alcohols and amines, respectively. The polymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry curves showed that glycerin polyurethane showed a glass‐transition temperature at 19°C, castor oil polyurethane showed two glass‐transition temperatures at −43 and 36°C, and triethylene tetraamine polyurea showed a glass‐transition temperature at 31°C. Some properties of the polymers, such as the tensile strength and swelling ratios, were also determined. The swelling rate of glycerin polyurethane was higher than that of castor oil polyurethane in dichloromethane. The equilibrium swelling ratio was highest for the castor oil polyurethane. The polyurethanes synthesized in this study had a Young's modulus around 50 kPa and a tensile strength around 0.01 N/mm2 (100 kPa). The tensile strength of glycerin polyurethane was higher than that of castor oil polyurethane. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Synthesis, characterization and SEESR spectroscopic investigations of indole/aniline copolymers
Authors: Köleli Fatih , Dündar Derya 
Published: May 2008

AbstractIndole/aniline copolymers were synthesized electrochemically and the polymerization mechanism was investigated via in‐situ simultaneous electrochemical electron spin resonance (SEESR) spectroscopy. The Radical cationic intermediates of substituted indole and aniline were detected during the electrochemical oxidation. The resulting ESR‐spectra with hyperfine splitting were simulated and radicalic structures were identified. It was suggested that the polymerization occurs over positions C‐3 and C‐6 of indole molecule and over the nitrogen and para‐position of aniline. Furthermore, aniline, indole and aniline/indole copolymers were investigated depending on applied potential via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Mathematical theory of the h‐ and g‐index in case of fractional counting of authorship
Authors: Egghe Leo 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThis article studies the h‐index (Hirsch index) and the g‐index of authors, in case one counts authorship of the cited articles in a fractional way. There are two ways to do this: One counts the citations to these papers in a fractional way or one counts the ranks of the papers in a fractional way as credit for an author. In both cases, we define the fractional h‐ and g‐indexes, and we present inequalities (both upper and lower bounds) between these fractional h‐ and g‐indexes and their corresponding unweighted values (also involving, of course, the coauthorship distribution). Wherever applicable, examples and counterexamples are provided. In a concrete example (the publication citation list of the present author), we make explicit calculations of these fractional h‐ and g‐indexes and show that they are not very different from the unweighted ones.
Affinity‐Labeling‐Based Introduction of a Reactive Handle for Natural Protein Modification
Authors: Wakabayashi Haruto , Miyagawa Masayoshi , Koshi Yoichiro , Takaoka Yousuke , Tsukiji Shinya , Hamachi Itaru 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA new chemical method to site‐specifically modify natural proteins without the need for genetic manipulation is described. Our strategy involves the affinity‐labeling‐based attachment of a unique reactive handle at the surface of the target protein, and the subsequent selective transformation of the reactive handle by a bioorthogonal reaction to introduce a variety of functional probes into the protein. To demonstrate this approach, we synthesized labeling reagents that contain: 1) a benzenesulfonamide ligand that directs specifically to bovine carbonic anhydrase II (bCA), 2) an electrophilic epoxide group for protein labeling, 3) an exchangeable hydrazone bond linking the ligand and the epoxide group, and 4) an iodophenyl or acetylene handle. By incubating the labeling reagent with bCA, the reactive handle was covalently attached at the surface of bCA through epoxide ring opening. Either after or before removing the ligand by a hydrazone/oxime‐exhange reaction, which restores the enzymatic activity, the reactive handle incorporated could be derivatized by Suzuki coupling or Huisgen cycloaddition reactions. This method is also applicable to the target‐specific multiple modification in a protein mixture. The availability of various (photo)affinity‐labeling reagents and bioorthogonal reactions should extend the flexibility of this strategy for the site‐selective incorporation of many functional molecules into proteins.
Two‐degree‐of‐freedom controller design for linear parameter‐varying systems
Authors: Xie Wei , Eisaka Toshio 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA design strategy for linear parameter‐varying (LPV) systems is considered in a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (TDOF) control framework. First, a coprime factorization for LPV systems is introduced. Second, based on the coprime factorization, a TDOF control framework of linear timeinvariant systems is extended to that of LPV systems. Good tracking performance and good disturbance rejection are achieved by a feedforward controller and a feedback controller, respectively. Furthermore, each controller design problem can be formulated in terms of a linear matrix inequality related to the L2 gain performance. Finally, a simple design example is illustrated. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society