bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Profiles of type-II pneumocytes in rats inoculated intratracheally with bacterial lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Lopez Alfonso , Albassam Mudher , Yong Shirley , Sharma Arvind , Lillie Leonard E. , Prior Michael G. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Ultrastructural and morphometric profiles of type-II pneumocytes (P-II) were investigated in rats killed 18 or 24 hours after a single intratracheal inoculation of bacterial (Escherichia coli) lipopolysaccharide (lps). Inoculation with lps induced pulmonary injury and inflammation, as measured by increased lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and increased numbers of polymorphonuclear neutrophils in fluid collected by bronchoalveolar lavage. Marked ultrastructural changes and desquamation of a few P-II developed at the time of high activity of lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Ultra-structural changes included swollen mitochondria and localized cisternal dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum in which was contained membrane-bound homogenous material of medium electron density.
Twenty-four hours after lps inoculation, point-count stereologic analysis and digitizing morphometry revealed > 50% increase in P-II size. Changes in cell size corresponded with ultrastructural finding of swollen cells. Results obtained by point-count stereologic analysis and digitizing morphometry were highly correlated (r = 0.95). Lamellar bodies (lb) comprised 12 to 15% of P-II volume. Volume density and number of lb remained unaltered in lps-injured P-II, and evidence of accelerated release of lb was not detected after lps inoculation. Exudated polymorphonuclear neutrophils and pulmonary alveolar macrophages were involved actively in the phagocytosis of lb originating from necrotic and desquamated P-II. On the basis of measurement of enzyme activity (enzymes released into the bronchoalveolar space), considerable ultrastructural alterations developed in P-II when maximal lps-induced pulmonary cell injury took place.
Diarrhea associated with enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis in foals
Authors: Myers Lyle L. , Shoop Douglas S. , Byars T. Douglas 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (etbf) was isolated from the feces of 10 of 40 Thoroughbred foals with naturally acquired diarrhea Of the 10 foals positive for etbf, 6 were ≤ 7 days old. Fecal specimens from 4 of the 10 foals also were positive for rotavirus, and one fecal specimen was positive for Salmonella enteritidis. Clinical or hematologic differences were not evident between foals infected with etbf only and those infected with etbf and another recognized enteric pathogen. Only 1 of 10 foals infected with etbf died. Of 25 adult rabbits with ligated ceca, 23 developed mucoid, often hemorrhagic, diarrhea after inoculation of 5 × 109 viable etbf cells into the ileum. Nine of 13 (69%) rabbits inoculated with 1 of 3 isolates of etbf died, but none of 12 inoculated with 1 of 6 other isolates of etbf died. Enteric disease did not develop in 15 rabbits inoculated with non-enterotoxigenic B fragilis.
Pulmonary dysfunction in neonatal calves after intratracheal inoculation of small volumes of fluid
Authors: Killingsworth C. R. , Slocombe R. F. , Alnoor S. A. , Robinson N. E. , Derksen F. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intratracheal instillation of 20 ml of room temperature (21 to 24 C) fluid in anesthetized neonatal calves resulted in rapid onset of reversible pulmonary dysfunction. Arterial O2 tension and dynamic compliance decreased, whereas pulmonary arterial pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, alveolar arterial O2 difference, and total pulmonary resistance increased from base-line values. Abnormalities of gas exchange and pulmonary mechanics were induced by intratracheal fluid instillation whether or not Pasteurella haemolytica was in the inoculum. Physical manipulation of the calf without intratracheal fluid instillation (sham inoculation) did not influence pulmonary function. Bilateral vagotomy eliminated the increase in pulmonary resistance and the decrease in dynamic compliance, but did not eliminate hypoxemia, increased alveolar arterial O2 difference, or pulmonary hypertension recorded after intratracheal fluid instillation. Seemingly, changes in pulmonary mechanics are mediated via the vagus nerve. However, one or more additional mechanisms must be responsible for the hypoxemia and pulmonary hypertension.
Distribution of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactive nerves in the forestomach of cattle
Authors: Kitamura Nobuo , Yamada Junzo , Yamashita Tadayuki , Yanaihara Noboru 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The distribution of methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immunoreactive nerves in the forestomach of calves and cows was studied, using immunohistochemical methods. Methionine-enkephalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-immuno-reactive nerves were found in all regions of the bovine forestomach. Cell bodies were found mainly in myenteric ganglia, and nerve fibers were found principally in muscular layers. Nerve fibers and ganglia were concentrated in the lips of the reticular groove, but were least numerous in ruminai and omasal walls. The reduced number of immunoreactive nerves in cows, compared with the number of those in calves, was striking, especially in the lips of the reticular groove and the omasal leaves. Results may indicate that the importance of methionine-enke-phalin-Arg6-Gly7-Leu8-containing nerves in the physiologic regulation of the forestomach of the calf is different from that of the cow.
Estrone sulfate concentrations as an indicator of fetal demise in horses
Authors: Kasman Lonnie H. , Hughes John P. , Stabenfeldt George H. , Starr Mark D. , Lasley Bill L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Serum and urinary estrone sulfate concentrations were determined in 7 pregnant mares before and after prostaglandin-induced abortion (n = 4) or surgical removal of the fetus (n = 3) to determine the source of estrogen during early pregnancy (gestation days [gd] 44 to 89). Estrone sulfate concentrations also were determined in serum samples (stored frozen for 2 years) from 3 mares that had been ovariectomized between gd 51 and 58. Estrone sulfate concentrations decreased in serum and urine after expulsion or removal of the fetus (urinary patterns were more definitive than were patterns for serum), whereas a transient decrease in serum estrone sulfate concentration was observed after ovariectomy. Seemingly, products of conception are the major source of estrone sulfate during early pregnancy, although there appears to be some ovarian contribution. Serum or urinary estrone sulfate measurements provide a simple and accurate test for fetal viability after gd 44 in the mare.
Antigenic analysis of Pasteurella haemolytica serovars 1 through 15 by crossed immunoelectrophoresis
Authors: Tsai Li-Huei , Collins Michael T. , Høiby Niels 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Pasteurella haemolytica serovars 1 through 12, grown in broth and on agar plates, and 2 field isolates (types Al and T10) were used to develop polyvalent crossed immunoelectrophoresis (xie) reference systems. The maximal number of antigens was revealed by xie when sonicates of agar plate-grown organisms were used as the immunogen (to produce antibodies) and as the soluble antigen for xie. Antigens produced from agar plate-grown organisms were less contaminated (by antigenic components of the medium) than were those produced from organisms grown in broth. Seventy-two antigens were detected in sonicated preparations of agar plate-grown P haemolytica. The common antigen of gram-negative bacteria was identified in the P haemolytica xie reference system; precipitation was observed with rabbit antiserum to the common antigen of gram-negative bacteria isolated from Escherichia coli, as well as with rabbit immunoglobulins (obtained from unvaccinated rabbits). Most preimmune sera from our vaccinated rabbits also precipitated the common antigen. Serovar-specific antigens in the P haemolytica xie reference system were defined and presumptively identified as part of the bacterial lipopolysaccharide complex by use of the limulus amebocyte lysate test. Partial cross-reactions were found between serovar-specific antigens within each biovar (A and T). Pasteurella haemolytica biovar A-specific and biovar T-specific antigens were defined by crossed-line immunoelectrophoresis. When serovars A13, A14, and T15 were tested in the P haemolytica xie reference system, they gave high matching coefficient values of 0.98, 0.98, and 0.87, respectively. The proposal to separate P haemolytica biovars A and T into 2 different species was supported by immunotaxonomic data obtained from crossed immunoelectrophoresis, but more extensive studies will be necessary to establish the appropriate taxonomic position of these 2 groups of organisms.
Hematologic and serum biochemical alterations associated with multiple halothane anesthesia exposures and minor surgical trauma in horses
Authors: Stover Susan M. , Steffey Eugene P. , Dybdal Nöel O. , Franti Charles E. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five horses were anesthetized similarly by use of xylazine, guaifenesin, thiamylal sodium, and halothane in oxygen on 3 consecutive days, and minor surgical procedures were performed. For 1 to 10 days after the last anesthetic exposure, clinical, hematologic, and serum biochemical features were monitored, and after necropsy, histologic examination of major organ tissues was performed. Predominant hematologic changes from base-line values included leukocytosis (maximal at 27 hours, 10,500 ± 1,750 cells/μl), neutrophilia (maximal at 51 hours, 7,485 ± 1,719 cells/μl), and lymphopenia (minimal at 51 hours, 1,636 ± 564 cells/μl). Alterations observed in other clinicopathologic features were minor and indicative of mild renal disturbance and nonspecific cellular necrosis. Histopathologic lesions in the liver were mild.
Moderately virulent African swine fever virus infection: Blood cell changes and infective virus distribution among blood components
Authors: Genovesi Eugene V. , Knudsen Richard C. , Whyard Terry C. , Mebus Charles A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Blood samples of pigs infected with a moderately virulent African swine fever virus (asfv) isolate, obtained from the Dominican Republic (DR-II), were monitored temporally for viremia, infective asfv association with major blood components, differential changes in blood cell composition, and plasma antibodies to asfv. After intranasal/oral virus inoculation, pigs underwent acute infection and illness that resolved. Acute illness began on postinoculation day (pid) 4 and continued to pid 11, and pigs were febrile, with maximal infective asfv titers detected in blood. By pid 11, initial antibody titers to asfv antigens were detected in plasma.
The wbc numbers were maintained near preinoculation counts; however, lymphocyte counts decreased slightly with a compensatory increment in neutrophil and monocyte numbers. From pid 11 to pid 25, rectal temperatures gradually returned to preinoculation values, titers of viremia began to decrease, plasma antibody to asfv antigens increased to peak titers, and wbc numbers increased slightly. Percentages of lymphocytes returned to preinoculation values, neutrophil percentages decreased to slightly below preinoculation values, monocyte percentages were mildly increased, and eosinophil percentages were unaffected. From pid 25 to pid 46, titers of viremia further decreased, and plasma titers of antibodies to asfv antigens remained high. In pigs with DR-II viremia (pid 4 to pid 46), most viral infectivity (> 95%) was rbc associated. Plasma contained < 1% infectivity, and < 0.1% of virus was in the wbc fraction (monocytes, lymphocytes, and granulocytes). After pid 46, viremia was no longer detectable.
Prolactin, estradiol, and progesterone changes in paretic and nonparetic cows during the periparturient period
Authors: Sechen Suzanne J. , Bremel Robert D. , Jorgensen Neal A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
We studied the relationship of serum prolactin, estradiol-17β, and progesterone concentrations to plasma calcium, phosphorus, and free hydroxyproline concentrations, as well as to dry matter intake, in 14 aged dairy cows (mean of 4.5 parities), 7 of which became paretic, from 28 days before to 4 days after calving. Plasma calcium and phosphorus concentrations and dry matter intake decreased more at parturition in paretic cows than in nonparetic cows. Prolactin concentrations were not different between paretic and nonparetic cows, but were variable. Concentrations of estradiol were higher in paretic cows from 15 to 5 days before parturition, whereas hydroxyproline concentration was lower in paretic cows on days 10 through 3 before parturition. Progesterone concentration was lower in paretic cows and decreased earlier at parturition, compared with that in nonparetic cows.
The findings suggested that high estradiol concentrations in late pregnancy inhibit bone resorption and predispose aged cows to parturient paresis. The earlier decrease in progesterone concentration at parturition and lower concentrations throughout late pregnancy might have contributed to the greater inappetence in paretic cows at parturition. The importance of prolactin in the pathogenesis of parturient paresis is not clear.
Identification of protein A from Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from canine skin
Authors: Fehrer Susan L. , Boyle Michael D. P. , Halliwell Richard E. W. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Protein A was identified in cell wall-bound and secreted forms from Staphylococcus intermedius isolated from canine skin. A direct binding radioimmunoassay for the detection of bacterial surface Fc receptors identified 48 of 50 S intermedius isolates that contained cell wall-bound protein A. Using a competitive binding radioimmunoassay for the detection of Fc-reactive proteins in bacterial culture supernatants, we identified 9 of 50 clinical isolates of S intermedius that secreted measurable quantities of an Fc receptor into the culture medium. Concentrated culture supernatants from these isolates were analyzed by western blotting techniques and probed with either a radiolabeled human IgG Fc-specific probe or a radiolabeled affinity-purified chicken antibody against protein A. The studies reported here confirmed that Fc receptors are secreted by S intermedius isolates from dogs and are antigenically and functionally similar or are identical to staphylococcal protein A. Analysis of Fc receptor secretion by S intermedius strains, isolated from dogs with a variety of dermatologic conditions, suggested a trend between severity of skin disease and the extent of Fc receptor secretion.
Temporal study of staphylococcal species on healthy dogs
Authors: Cox Hollis Utah , Hoskins Johnny D. , Newman Susan S. , Foil Carol S. , Turnwald Grant H. , Roy Alma F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During a 1-year period, specimens were obtained monthly from 5 hair coat and 7 mucous membrane sites of 11 healthy dogs. Among 804 isolates of staphylococci, 13 species were identified. Staphylococcus intermedius was the most frequently isolated (40.2% of total isolates) coagulase-positive species, and S xylosus was the most frequently isolated (17.3%) coagulase-negative species. Moreover, S intermedius was the most frequently isolated species from the 12 sites evaluated and was isolated persistently from 8 of the 9 dogs that completed the 1-year study. On the basis of a commercial identification system, 14 profile numbers were identified for isolates of S intermedius. However, 2 profile numbers accounted for a majority (70.9%) of the isolates. Specific S intermedius biotypes identified on the basis of hemolysis, coagulase production, β-lactamase activity, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns were found repeatedly in 3 dogs. Seemingly, S intermedius was a resident of the normal bacterial microflora of these dogs; however, the inability to isolate S intermedius from 1 dog during the study year indicated that not all dogs harbor S intermedius as a resident microorganism.
Clinical and serologic evaluations of induced Borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs
Authors: Greene Russell T. , Levine Jay F. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Walker Richard L. , Berkhoff Herman A. , Cullen John , Nicholson William L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Adult Beagles were used to evaluate clinical signs and serologic response after inoculation with, or exposure to, Borrelia burgdorferi. An indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa) and 2 elisa were used to monitor the serologic response to B burgdorferi. Feeding infected ticks on 4 dogs (group 1) failed to cause seroconversion, and sc inoculation with 500 organisms caused minimal seroconversion in 2 of 4 dogs (group 2). At 56 days, approximately 3.01 × 108 B burgdorferi organisms were injected iv into group-1 dogs, and intraperitoneally into group-2 dogs. A control group of 4 dogs (group 3) had noninfected ticks feed on them, and then were given iv injection of physiologic saline solution.
Increases in immunoglobulin M (IgM) titers were detected in 2 of 4 group-2 dogs approximately 7 days after the initial exposure. These titers returned to negligible values 20 days later. Immunoglobulin G titers increased approximately 10 days after the initial exposure and were mildly increased 56 days later, when dogs were exposed a second time. Both the iv and intraperitoneal injections (second exposures) resulted in increased IgM titers, which in both groups eventually returned to preexposure values after approximately 2 months. Immunoglobulin G titers increased within a week after the second exposure, and in 3 dogs monitored for 8 months, returned to negligible values after the 8-month period. One control dog had a slightly increased IgG titer 24 days after the second inoculation. The possibility of urine transmission is suggested.
Clinical status, hemograms, serum biochemical profiles, ecg and results of urinalyses remained normal throughout the study. Borrelia burgdorferi was not isolated from either the blood or urine of these dogs. Gross or microscopic pathologic changes were not detected on necropsy.
Beaded agarose affinity chromatography of bovine fibroblast interferon
Authors: Allen Gary K. , Rosenquist Bruce D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Bovine fibroblast interferon (BoF-ifn), produced in bovine embryonic kidney cell cultures by priming and infection with bluetongue virus, was partially purified by controlled pore glass chromatography. The partially purified BoF-ifn then was subjected to beaded agarose affinity chromatography. The ifn eluted by affinity chromatography in 2 distinct fractions—1 after the addition of 1M NaCl and the other one after the addition of 1.5M NaCl containing 50% ethylene glycol. Analysis of fractions by sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis revealed a broad molecular weight range (14,900 to 27,900) for the ifn eluted by 1M NaCl, and 2 discrete molecular weight ranges (16,000 to 19,500 and 28,300 to 34,000) for ifn eluted by 1.5M NaCl containing 50% ethylene glycol. The specific activity of the ifn eluted with 1.5M NaCl containing ethylene glycol was 2.85 × 106 U/mg of protein, compared with 5.7 × 105 U/mg of protein in the controlled pore glass-purified ifn.
Effect of abraded intramammary device on outcome in lactating cows after challenge exposure with Streptococcus uberis
Authors: Paape M. J. , Schultze W. D. , Cortlett N. J. , Weinland B. T. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Intramammary devices (imd) were abraded with medium-grade emery cloth or were left smooth. One imd of each type was inserted into a mammary quarter of each of 5 lactating cows. The remaining 2 quarters served as controls. Quarter foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk samples were collected for 3 consecutive days at 2 weeks after imd insertion, and milk somatic cell counts (scc) were determined. Milk samples also were collected immediately after and 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 11 hours after milking. All quarters were challenge exposed with 250 colony-forming units of Streptococcus uberis at 2 months after imd insertion. Foremilk and stripping milk samples were collected for bacteriologic culture and scc at the next 10 milkings. Mean foremilk, bucket milk, and stripping milk scc (× 106 cells/ml) were 0.18, 0.07, and 0.91, respectively, for quarters with abraded imd; 0.06, 0.05, and 0.43, respectively, for quarters with smooth imd; and 0 03, 0.03, and 0.15,. respectively for control quarters. Mean scc after milking (× 106 cells/ml) for the various intervals were 0.70, 1.29, 0.70, 0.97, 1.15, 1.17, 0.77, and 0.85 for quarters with abraded imd; 0.43, 0.62, 0.61, 0.45, 0.64, 0.60, 0.31, and 0.26 for quarters with smooth imd; and 0.15, 0.24, 0.15, 0.19, 0.15, 0.15, 0.14, and 0.06 for control quarters. After challenge exposure, 2 of 5 of the quarters with abraded imd, 4 of 5 of the quarters with smooth imd, and 8 of 9 control quarters became infected. Results indicated that abraded imd increased scc in stripping milk to concentrations that provided 60% protection against challenge exposure with S uberis.
Histologic evaluation of lung and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in young turkeys infected with Bordetella avium
Authors: Van Alstine W. G. , Arp L. H. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
One-day-old turkeys were inoculated intranasally with Bordetella avium. Noninoculated hatchmates were housed separately. At postinoculation weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, B avium-infected (ba +) and B avium-free (ba−) turkeys were necropsied; specimens of tracheas, intrapulmonary primary bronchi, and lung adjacent to primary bronchi were bacteriologically cultured. Lung tissue was collected for histologic examination. Lungs perfused with acetic acid were collected for evaluation to determine the size, number, and distribution of lymphoid nodules associated with primary bronchi. Bordetella avium was isolated from trachea and primary bronchi of all ba + turkeys, but was never isolated from lung parenchyma. Acute purulent bronchitis was associated with colonization of the primary bronchi by B avium from postinoculation weeks 1 to 3. Macrophages and lymphocytes persisted in the peribronchial connective tissue for 5 weeks after inoculation. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue consisted of discrete, lymphoid nodules protruding into the lumens of primary bronchi. Lymphoid nodules, morphologically similar in ba + and ba − turkeys, were composed of nonciliated, cuboidal epithelium covering a zone of loosely arranged lymphocytes and macrophages and a deeper, sharply demarcated lymphoid follicle. Compared with bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue of ba − turkeys, lymphoid nodules of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in ba + turkeys were more numerous and widely distributed along primary bronchi. In both ba − and ba + turkeys, the mean diameter of lymphoid nodules doubled between 1 and 5 weeks of age.