bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Role of Anomalous Ocean Warming on the Intensification of Pre‐Monsoon Tropical Cyclones Over the Northern Bay of Bengal
Authors: Ray Arkaprava , Das Sudeep , Sil Sourav 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe northern Indian Ocean, typically the Bay of Bengal (BoB), has experienced several stronger tropical cyclones during the pre‐monsoon season in the last few years. Similarly, in 2021, cyclone Yaas reached the Very Severe Cyclonic Storm (VSCS) stage despite forming above 14°N. In comparison to the other three cyclones that formed in 2007 (Akash), 2009 (Aila), and 2017 (Mora) with a similar cyclogenesis location and track, the pre‐cyclonic condition in 2021 is more favorable. It was found that from 2007 to 2021, the area associated with Sea Surface Temperature greater than 31°C increased from 0.1 percent to 29 percent. The Research Moored Array for African‐Asian‐Australian Monsoon Analysis and Prediction buoy at 15°N also recorded an increasing trend of 0.1°C per year in both average and maximum temperatures during May. The warming in 2021 is primarily linked with Marine Heat Wave events, which extensively cover the north BoB for a longer duration starting from the first week of May. Such warming extends even to the subsurface, providing the heat required to convert the depression into VSCS within 2 days. The weaker western boundary current during 2021 made the northern BoB fresher and favorable for cyclone, intensification. The associated anticyclonic eddy along the track extended the abnormal distribution of low saline water even up to the subsurface (∼100m), which is vital in increasing the ocean heat content. These simultaneous pre‐cyclonic oceanic conditions can be incorporated into the weather model to understand and predict the rapid intensification within a shorter duration.
Field Observations Reveal How Plunging Mixing and Sediment Resuspension Affect the Pathway of a Dense River Inflow Into a Deep Stratified Lake
Authors: Blanckaert Koen , Vinnå Love Råman , Bouffard Damien , Lemmin Ulrich , Barry David Andrew 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe pathway of dense river inflows into lakes, which affects the lake water quality, is not accurately predicted by existing models. The pathway of a dense riverine inflow in a lake with a submerged canyon is analyzed based on measurements during a 4‐month period of weakening lake stratification and weakening density excess between river and epilimnion. In line with models, the dense riverine inflow plunges upon entering the lake, continues as an underflow on the sloping lake bottom, and finally intrudes at its level of neutral buoyancy. Underflow and interflow velocities are O(0.1 m s−1). The river inflow is finally trapped in the pycnocline most of the time, even when the river's density excess and the lake's stratification are marginal. This trapping in the pycnocline is explained by the reduction of the inflow density excess due to the intense plunging mixing, which is an order of magnitude larger than that obtained in confined laboratory flumes. The pathway of the dense riverine inflow is affected by interactions of the underflow with the lake bottom and sedimentary processes. A canyon carved by the underflows confines and accelerates the underflow, which enhances its capacity to entrain and carry sediment. The entrainment of sediment that was previously deposited on the canyon bottom accelerates the underflow. Due to both effects, the underflow can temporarily break through the pycnocline and reach the hypolimnion. Existing models explain these observations qualitatively, but a quantitative prediction would require better parameterizations of the plunging mixing and the sedimentary processes.
Assessment of Hg Speciation Changes in the Sedimentary Rock Record From Thermal Desorption Characteristics
Authors: Frieling J. , Fendley I. M. , Nawaz M. A. , Mather T. A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSedimentary mercury (Hg) has become a widely used proxy for paleo‐volcanic activity. However, scavenging and drawdown of Hg by organic‐matter (OM) and sulfides are important non‐volcanic factors determining variability in such records. Most studies, therefore, normalize total Hg (HgT) to a Hg “host‐phase” proxy (e.g., HgT/TOC for OM, HgT/TS for sulfides), with the dominant host‐phase determined based on the strongest observed (linear) correlations. This approach suffers from various non‐linearities in Hg‐host‐phase behavior and does not account for succession‐level, let alone sample‐level, Hg speciation changes. Thermal desorption characteristics or “profiles” (TDPs) for many Hg species during pyrolysis analysis are well‐established with applications including distinguishing between OM‐bound Hg and different Hg sulfides and oxides in (sub‐)recent sediments. We explore the use of TDPs for geological sediment (rock) samples and illustrate the presence of multiple release phases (Hg species)—correlated to geochemical host‐phase—in (almost) all the 65 analyzed Tithonian (146–145 Ma) silt and mudrock samples. By quantifying the Hg in each release phase for every sample, we find TOC concentration may determine ∼60% of the variability in the first (lower temperature) Hg TDP release phase: a stark difference with the total Hg released from these samples, where ∼20% of variation is explained by TOC variability. TDPs provide insight on sample‐level Hg speciation and demonstrate that, while the common assumption of single‐phase Hg speciation in sedimentary rocks is problematic, differences in Hg speciation can be detected, quantified, and accounted for using commonly applied techniques—opening potential for routine assessment.
Dynamics of clonal hematopoiesis under DNA-damaging treatment in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Arends Christopher Maximilian , Kopp Klara , Hablesreiter Raphael , Estrada Natalia , Christen Friederike , Moll Ute Martha , Zeillinger Robert , Schmitt Wolfgang Daniel , Sehouli Jalid , Kulbe Hagen , Fleischmann Maximilian , Ray-Coquard Isabelle , Zeimet Alain , Raspagliesi Francesco , Zamagni Claudio , Vergote Ignace , Lorusso Domenica , Concin Nicole , Bullinger Lars , Braicu Elena Ioana , Damm Frederik 
Published: April 2024

AbstractClonal hematopoiesis (CH) driven by mutations in the DNA damage response (DDR) pathway is frequent in patients with cancer and is associated with a higher risk of therapy-related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs). Here, we analyzed 423 serial whole blood and plasma samples from 103 patients with relapsed high-grade ovarian cancer receiving carboplatin, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor (PARPi) and heat shock protein 90 inhibitor (HSP90i) treatment within the phase II EUDARIO trial using error-corrected sequencing of 72 genes. DDR-driven CH was detected in 35% of patients and was associated with longer duration of prior PARPi treatment. TP53- and PPM1D-mutated clones exhibited substantially higher clonal expansion rates than DNMT3A- or TET2-mutated clones during treatment. Expansion of DDR clones correlated with HSP90i exposure across the three study arms and was partially abrogated by the presence of germline mutations related to homologous recombination deficiency. Single-cell DNA sequencing of selected samples revealed clonal exclusivity of DDR mutations, and identified DDR-mutated clones as the origin of t-MN in two investigated cases. Together, these results provide unique insights into the architecture and the preferential selection of DDR-mutated hematopoietic clones under intense DNA-damaging treatment. Specifically, PARPi and HSP90i therapies pose an independent risk for the expansion of DDR-CH in a dose-dependent manner.
Induction of NK cell reactivity against acute myeloid leukemia by Fc-optimized CD276 (B7-H3) antibody
Authors: Stefańczyk Sylwia A. , Hagelstein Ilona , Lutz Martina S. , Müller Stefanie , Holzmayer Samuel J. , Jarjour Grace , Zekri Latifa , Heitmann Jonas S. , Salih Helmut R. , Märklin Melanie 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a therapeutic challenge despite recent therapeutic advances. Although monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) engaging natural killer (NK) cells via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) hold promise in cancer therapy, almost none have received clinical approval for AML, so far. Recently, CD276 (B7-H3) has emerged as a promising target for AML immunotherapy, due to its high expression on leukemic blasts of AML patients. Here, we present the preclinical development of the Fc-optimized CD276 mAb 8H8_SDIE with enhanced CD16 affinity. We demonstrate that 8H8_SDIE specifically binds to CD276 on AML cell lines and primary AML cells and induces pronounced NK cell activation and degranulation as measured by CD69, CD25, and CD107a. Secretion of IFNγ, TNF, granzyme B, granulysin, and perforin, which mediate NK cell effector functions, was induced by 8H8_SDIE. A pronounced target cell-restricted lysis of AML cell lines and primary AML cells was observed in cytotoxicity assays using 8H8_SDIE. Finally, xenograft models with 8H8_SDIE did not cause off-target immune activation and effectively inhibited leukemia growth in vivo. We here present a novel attractive immunotherapeutic compound that potently induces anti-leukemic NK cell reactivity in vitro and in vivo as treatment option for AML.
Role of RB1 in neurodegenerative diseases: inhibition of post-mitotic neuronal apoptosis via Kmt5b
Authors: Zhao Shuang , Mo Guiling , Wang Qiang , Xu Jin , Yu Shihui , Huang Zhibin , Liu Wei , Zhang Wenqing 
Published: April 2024

AbstractDuring the development of the vertebrate nervous system, 50% of the nerve cells undergo apoptosis shortly after formation. This process is important for sculpting tissue during morphogenesis and removing transiently functional cells that are no longer needed, ensuring the appropriate number of neurons in each region. Dysregulation of neuronal apoptosis can lead to neurodegenerative diseases. However, the molecular events involved in activating and regulating the neuronal apoptosis program are not fully understood. In this study, we identified several RB1 mutations in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. Then, we used a zebrafish model to investigate the role of Rb1 in neuronal apoptosis. We showed that Rb1-deficient mutants exhibit a significant hindbrain neuronal apoptosis, resulting in increased microglia infiltration. We further revealed that the apoptotic neurons in Rb1-deficient zebrafish were post-mitotic neurons, and Rb1 inhibits the apoptosis of these neurons by regulating bcl2/caspase through binding to Kmt5b. Moreover, using this zebrafish mutant, we verified the pathogenicity of the R621S and L819V mutations of human RB1 in neuronal apoptosis. Collectively, our data indicate that the Rb1-Kmt5b-caspase/bcl2 axis is crucial for protecting post-mitotic neurons from apoptosis and provides an explanation for the pathogenesis of clinically relevant mutations.
Materials design for hypersonics
Authors: Peters Adam B. , Zhang Dajie , Chen Samuel , Ott Catherine , Oses Corey , Curtarolo Stefano , McCue Ian , Pollock Tresa M. , Eswarappa Prameela Suhas 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHypersonic vehicles must withstand extreme conditions during flights that exceed five times the speed of sound. These systems have the potential to facilitate rapid access to space, bolster defense capabilities, and create a new paradigm for transcontinental earth-to-earth travel. However, extreme aerothermal environments create significant challenges for vehicle materials and structures. This work addresses the critical need to develop resilient refractory alloys, composites, and ceramics. We will highlight key design principles for critical vehicle areas such as primary structures, thermal protection, and propulsion systems; the role of theory and computation; and strategies for advancing laboratory-scale materials to manufacturable flight-ready components.
Massively parallel screen uncovers many rare 3′ UTR variants regulating mRNA abundance of cancer driver genes
Authors: Fu Ting , Amoah Kofi , Chan Tracey W. , Bahn Jae Hoon , Lee Jae-Hyung , Terrazas Sari , Chong Rockie , Kosuri Sriram , Xiao Xinshu 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUnderstanding the function of rare non-coding variants represents a significant challenge. Using MapUTR, a screening method, we studied the function of rare 3′ UTR variants affecting mRNA abundance post-transcriptionally. Among 17,301 rare gnomAD variants, an average of 24.5% were functional, with 70% in cancer-related genes, many in critical cancer pathways. This observation motivated an interrogation of 11,929 somatic mutations, uncovering 3928 (33%) functional mutations in 155 cancer driver genes. Functional MapUTR variants were enriched in microRNA- or protein-binding sites and may underlie outlier gene expression in tumors. Further, we introduce untranslated tumor mutational burden (uTMB), a metric reflecting the amount of somatic functional MapUTR variants of a tumor and show its potential in predicting patient survival. Through prime editing, we characterized three variants in cancer-relevant genes (MFN2, FOSL2, and IRAK1), demonstrating their cancer-driving potential. Our study elucidates the function of tens of thousands of non-coding variants, nominates non-coding cancer driver mutations, and demonstrates their potential contributions to cancer.
Cell cycle dependent coordination of surface layer biogenesis in Caulobacter crescentus
Authors: Herdman Matthew , Isbilir Buse , von Kügelgen Andriko , Schulze Ulrike , Wainman Alan , Bharat Tanmay A. M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSurface layers (S-layers) are proteinaceous, two-dimensional paracrystalline arrays that constitute a major component of the cell envelope in many prokaryotic species. In this study, we investigated S-layer biogenesis in the bacterial model organism Caulobacter crescentus. Fluorescence microscopy revealed localised incorporation of new S-layer at the poles and mid-cell, consistent with regions of cell growth in the cell cycle. Light microscopy and electron cryotomography investigations of drug-treated bacteria revealed that localised S-layer insertion is retained when cell division is inhibited, but is disrupted upon dysregulation of MreB or lipopolysaccharide. We further uncovered that S-layer biogenesis follows new peptidoglycan synthesis and localises to regions of high cell wall turnover. Finally, correlated cryo-light microscopy and electron cryotomographic analysis of regions of S-layer insertion showed the presence of discontinuities in the hexagonal S-layer lattice, contrasting with other S-layers completed by defined symmetric defects. Our findings present insights into how C. crescentus cells form an ordered S-layer on their surface in coordination with the biogenesis of other cell envelope components.
Long-baseline quantum sensor network as dark matter haloscope
Authors: Jiang Min , Hong Taizhou , Hu Dongdong , Chen Yifan , Yang Fengwei , Hu Tao , Yang Xiaodong , Shu Jing , Zhao Yue , Peng Xinhua , Du Jiangfeng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractUltralight dark photons constitute a well-motivated candidate for dark matter. A coherent electromagnetic wave is expected to be induced by dark photons when coupled with Standard-Model photons through kinetic mixing mechanism, and should be spatially correlated within the de Broglie wavelength of dark photons. Here we report the first search for correlated dark-photon signals using a long-baseline network of 15 atomic magnetometers, which are situated in two separated meter-scale shield rooms with a distance of about 1700 km. Both the network’s multiple sensors and the shields large size significantly enhance the expected dark-photon electromagnetic signals, and long-baseline measurements confidently reduce many local noise sources. Using this network, we constrain the kinetic mixing coefficient of dark photon dark matter over the mass range 4.1 feV-2.1 peV, which represents the most stringent constraints derived from any terrestrial experiments operating over the aforementioned mass range. Our prospect indicates that future data releases may go beyond the astrophysical constraints from the cosmic microwave background and the plasma heating.
Cdk8/CDK19 promotes mitochondrial fission through Drp1 phosphorylation and can phenotypically suppress pink1 deficiency in Drosophila
Authors: Liao Jenny Zhe , Chung Hyung-lok , Shih Claire , Wong Kenneth Kin Lam , Dutta Debdeep , Nil Zelha , Burns Catherine Grace , Kanca Oguz , Park Ye-Jin , Zuo Zhongyuan , Marcogliese Paul C. , Sew Katherine , Bellen Hugo J. , Verheyen Esther M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCdk8 in Drosophila is the orthologue of vertebrate CDK8 and CDK19. These proteins have been shown to modulate transcriptional control by RNA polymerase II. We found that neuronal loss of Cdk8 severely reduces fly lifespan and causes bang sensitivity. Remarkably, these defects can be rescued by expression of human CDK19, found in the cytoplasm of neurons, suggesting a non-nuclear function of CDK19/Cdk8. Here we show that Cdk8 plays a critical role in the cytoplasm, with its loss causing elongated mitochondria in both muscles and neurons. We find that endogenous GFP-tagged Cdk8 can be found in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. We show that Cdk8 promotes the phosphorylation of Drp1 at S616, a protein required for mitochondrial fission. Interestingly, Pink1, a mitochondrial kinase implicated in Parkinson’s disease, also phosphorylates Drp1 at the same residue. Indeed, overexpression of Cdk8 significantly suppresses the phenotypes observed in flies with low levels of Pink1, including elevated levels of ROS, mitochondrial dysmorphology, and behavioral defects. In summary, we propose that Pink1 and Cdk8 perform similar functions to promote Drp1-mediated fission.
A CMOS-compatible oscillation-based VO2 Ising machine solver
Authors: Maher Olivier , Jiménez Manuel , Delacour Corentin , Harnack Nele , Núñez Juan , Avedillo María J. , Linares-Barranco Bernabé , Todri-Sanial Aida , Indiveri Giacomo , Karg Siegfried 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPhase-encoded oscillating neural networks offer compelling advantages over metal-oxide-semiconductor-based technology for tackling complex optimization problems, with promising potential for ultralow power consumption and exceptionally rapid computational performance. In this work, we investigate the ability of these networks to solve optimization problems belonging to the nondeterministic polynomial time complexity class using nanoscale vanadium-dioxide-based oscillators integrated onto a Silicon platform. Specifically, we demonstrate how the dynamic behavior of coupled vanadium dioxide devices can effectively solve combinatorial optimization problems, including Graph Coloring, Max-cut, and Max-3SAT problems. The electrical mappings of these problems are derived from the equivalent Ising Hamiltonian formulation to design circuits with up to nine crossbar vanadium dioxide oscillators. Using sub-harmonic injection locking techniques, we binarize the solution space provided by the oscillators and demonstrate that graphs with high connection density (η > 0.4) converge more easily towards the optimal solution due to the small spectral radius of the problem’s equivalent adjacency matrix. Our findings indicate that these systems achieve stability within 25 oscillation cycles and exhibit power efficiency and potential for scaling that surpasses available commercial options and other technologies under study. These results pave the way for accelerated parallel computing enabled by large-scale networks of interconnected oscillators.
In-situ low-temperature sulfur CVD on metal sulfides with SO2 to realize self-sustained adsorption of mercury
Authors: Hong Qinyuan , Xu Haomiao , Sun Xiaoming , Li Jiaxing , Huang Wenjun , Qu Zan , Zhang Lizhi , Yan Naiqiang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCapturing gaseous mercury (Hg0) from sulfur dioxide (SO2)-containing flue gases remains a common yet persistently challenge. Here we introduce a low-temperature sulfur chemical vapor deposition (S-CVD) technique that effectively converts SO2, with intermittently introduced H2S, into deposited sulfur (Sd0) on metal sulfides (MS), facilitating self-sustained adsorption of Hg0. ZnS, as a representative MS model, undergoes a decrease in the coordination number of Zn–S from 3.9 to 3.5 after Sd0 deposition, accompanied by the generation of unsaturated-coordinated polysulfide species (Sn2–, named Sd*) with significantly enhanced Hg0 adsorption performance. Surprisingly, the adsorption product, HgS (ZnS@HgS), can serve as a fresh interface for the activation of Sd0 to Sd* through the S-CVD method, thereby achieving a self-sustained Hg0 adsorption capacity exceeding 300 mg g−1 without saturation limitations. Theoretical calculations substantiate the self-sustained adsorption mechanism that S8 ring on both ZnS and ZnS@HgS can be activated to chemical bond S4 chain, exhibiting a stronger Hg0 adsorption energy than pristine ones. Importantly, this S-CVD strategy is applicable to the in-situ activation of synthetic or natural MS containing chalcophile metal elements for Hg0 removal and also holds potential applications for various purposes requiring MS adsorbents.
Fouling-resistant reverse osmosis membranes grafted with 2-aminoethanethiol having a low interaction energy with charged foulants
Authors: Xiao Jun , Hao Shuang , Qin Yiwen , Qi Pengfei , Zhang Zhaoqian , Hu Yunxia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMany fouling-resistant materials have been grafted or coated on the RO membrane surface for fouling-resistance. However, these modified RO membranes still exhibit a fast flux drop towards small charged organic foulants. Herein, we creatively use the quantum chemistry method to screen the thiol group having a close to zero interaction energy with small charged organic foulants. Thus, we selected a small molecule of 2-aminoethanethiol (AET) having a fouling-resistant thiol group and a reactive amine group for RO membrane surface modification. The water permeance of the AET-grafted RO membrane increases from 2.6 ± 0.1 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 to 3.2 ± 0.05 L m−2 h−1 bar−1, 23% higher than that of the pristine membrane. Moreover, the AET-grafted RO membrane exhibits excellent fouling resistance against charged surfactants. Our study offers insights on the design of fouling-resistant molecules for antifouling surface modification of RO membranes towards small charged organic foulants.
Largest known madtsoiid snake from warm Eocene period of India suggests intercontinental Gondwana dispersal
Authors: Datta Debajit , Bajpai Sunil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractHere we report the discovery of fossils representing partial vertebral column of a giant madtsoiid snake from an early Middle Eocene (Lutetian, ~ 47 Ma) lignite-bearing succession in Kutch, western India. The estimated body length of ~ 11–15 m makes this new taxon (Vasuki indicus gen et sp. nov.) the largest known madtsoiid snake, which thrived during a warm geological interval with average temperatures estimated at ~ 28 °C. Phylogenetically, Vasuki forms a distinct clade with the Indian Late Cretaceous taxon Madtsoia pisdurensis and the North African Late Eocene Gigantophis garstini. Biogeographic considerations, seen in conjunction with its inter-relationship with other Indian and North African madtsoiids, suggest that Vasuki represents a relic lineage that originated in India. Subsequent India-Asia collision at ~ 50 Ma led to intercontinental dispersal of this lineage from the subcontinent into North Africa through southern Eurasia.