bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Further characterization of the effector cell responsible for natural cytotoxicity to chicken erythrocytes in man
Authors: Ranki Annamari , Saksela E. , Timonen T. , Häyry P. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBlood mononuclear leukocytes responsible for “natural killer” (NK) activity to chicken red blood cells (NK‐CRBC) and to cell line targets (NK‐CLT) were fractionated in 1 × g velocity sedimentation. The velocity distribution profile of the anti‐CRBC cytotoxicity was strikingly different from the anti‐CLT cytotoxicity indicating that these two activities were displayed by different types of effector cells. The cells responsible for the anti‐CRBC action were further isolated after rosetting with the target cells via one‐step density centrifugation over Ficoll‐Isopaque. The isolated cells resembled morphologically both large lymphocytes and small monocytes and carried a strong acid α‐naphthyl acetate esterase activity in their cytoplasm. The inhibition pattern of the esterase reaction with sodium fluoride was that of (T) lymphocytes rather than that of monocytes. The cells highly enriched for anti‐CRBC activity responded to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A at a rate equal to control preparations, but did not respond to Staphylococcus aureus strain Cowan I bacteria, purified protein derivative of tuberculin or oidiomycin. Taken together, the results indicate that the cells responsible for NK activity to CRBC are lymphocytes of T lineage.
The predominant heavily glycosylated glycoproteins at the surface of rat lymphoid cells are differentiation antigens
Authors: Standring Ruth , McMaster W. R. , Sunderland C. A. , Williams A. F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRat lymphoid cells have been labeled with sodium 3H‐borohydride after periodate oxidation. The labeled glycoproteins were solubilized in detergent and analyzed by fluorography after polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate. Major bands were found at 150 000, 95 000 and 25 000 apparent mol.wt. for thymocytes; at 170 000 and 95 000 mol. wt. for T lymphocytes and at 200 000 mol.wt. for B lymphocytes. Bone marrow cells showed a diffuse band at 100 000 mol.wt. with relatively minor bands around 150 000 mol.wt. With the exception of the 95 000 mol. wt. bands, all these glycoproteins bound to lentil lectin.Using monoclonal or monospecific antibodies in immunoprecipitation and on antibody affinity columns, each of these glycoprotein bands was identified as a previously defined lymphocyte differentiation antigen. The bands at 150 000 mol.wt. on thymocytes, at 170 000 on T lymphocytes, at 200 000 on B lymphocytes, and at 130 000 to 150 000 on bone marrow cells all consist of a leukocyte‐common antigen, which has previously been shown to be present on leukocytes but not on other tissues. At least a part of the 95 000 mol.wt. band on thymocytes, T lymphocytes and bone marrow cells is the W3/13 antigen previously shown to be on mature T lymphocytes, polymorphonuclear cells, and in brain. The 25 000 mol.wt. band of thymocytes is the Thy‐1 antigen.Similar experiments were carried out on thymocytes labeled with 125I by the lactoperoxidase method. An intense band at 150 000 mol. wt. was identified as the leukocyte‐common antigen by immunoprecipitation. A labeled band, which did not bind to lentil lectin, was immunoprecipitated at 95 000 mol. wt. with W3/13 antibody. Rat Thy‐1 antigen was not labeled with 125I.
B lymphocytes contain three species of μ chains
Authors: Bergman Yehudit , Haimovich J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe murine B cell line cloned from a single cell, 38C‐13, synthesizes three species of μ chains, that of cell surface membrane IgM (m‐μ), that of secreted IgM (s‐μ) and that of intracellular IgM (i‐μ). They differ in their mobility on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Sequence analysis of the different μ chains suggests that they are identical in the N‐terminal as well as in their C‐terminal positions. The ratio between incorporated radioactive monosaccharides to radioactive amino acids into the three different μ chains was higher in s‐μ than in m‐μ, but nevertheless m‐μ migrated more slowly than s‐μ on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. However, since this ratio may also be influenced by the rate of synthesis, it may not represent a real molar ratio of carbohydrate to protein. Studies with normal spleen cells clearly indicated the presence of the same three types of μ chains.
Differences in the expression of histocompatibility antigens on mouse lymphocytes and tumor cells: immunochemical studies
Authors: Robinson Peter J. , Schirrmacher Volker 
Published: February 2007

AbstractImmunochemical studies have shown that labeled, detergent‐solubilized extracts of SL2 (H‐2d) lymphoma cells contain components reactive with several anti‐H‐2 alloantisera of restricted specificity. Anti‐H‐2k and anti‐H‐2ja as well as anti‐H‐2d sera precipitated labeled polypeptides of a molecular weight similar to that of H‐2 heavy chains. In addition, all antisera tested precipitated a component of 70000 daltons molecular weight, which is antigenically related to gp 69/71 of Friend murine leukemia virus.Reactions with antisera directed against haplotypes other than H‐2d could be blocked by addition of unlabeled, detergent‐solubilized extracts of H‐2d lymphocytes, or by H‐2 antigens against which the antiserum was directed. Sequential immunoprecipitations initially using antisera against the K, D, or L region gene products to remove individual known H‐2d antigens have made possible the identification of some molecules responsible for these reactions. The results show that antisera against haplotypes other than H‐2d which react with SL2 cells, cross‐react with normal H‐2d antigens. Quantitative absorption of these antisera with intact or solubilized cells has shown that lymphocytes and tumor cells differ in their expression of some H‐2 determinants. The antibodies bind only weakly to intact H‐2d lymphocytes, but strongly to the corresponding detergent‐solubilized antigens. These results do not, therefore, support the derepression hypothesis put forward earlier.
The immune response of CBA/N mice and their F1 hybrids to 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylated (TNP) antigens I. Analysis of the response to TNP‐coupled lipopoly‐saccharide in vivo and at the clonal level
Authors: Quintáns José 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPlaque‐forming cell (PFC) responses to 2,4,6‐trinitrophenylated lipopolysaccharide (TNP‐LPS) were studied in normal and immunodeficient mice. In vivo immunizations with TNP‐LPS showed a 25–50% reduction in PFC responses in CBA/N mice and their (CBA/N × BALB/c)F1(NBF1) male hybrids with an X‐linked immune defect of B lymphocyte differentiation. A detailed clonal analysis of the reduced responses to TNP‐LPS revealed that CBA/N and NBF1 male mice with the X‐linked genetic defect have fewer precursor B cells engaged in the response to TNP‐LPS than the control mice. The reduction in precursor cell numbers affects selectively B cells secreting high avidity anti‐TNP antibodies as determined by PFC inhibition studies.
Changes in the population of lymphocytes and their response to mitogens during the growth of a Simian virus 40‐induced fibrosarcoma in hamsters
Authors: Chen Hana , Quan Canh P. , Zuinghedau Jaqueline , Cyr Christiane de Vaux St. , Lespinats Genevieve 
Published: February 2007

AbstractChanges have been studied occurring in spleen and thymus lymphocytes, as well in their response to different mitogens, during the growth of Simian virus 40‐induced fibrosarcomas in hamsters.During tumor growth, the spleens of tumor‐bearing animals became considerably enlarged, and their content in lymphoid cells increased by 100%. Spleen lymphocytes responded normally or slightly higher than did normal controls to concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation when tumors were small, but their response gradually decreased to 30–40% of normal in animals bearing large tumors. These same cells, when cultured with normal lymphocytes in the presence of Con A, were without effect, or were mildly suppressive of the normal cellular response to Con A. The response to Iipopoly‐saccharide (LPS) decreased slightly.The thymus, on the other hand, became smaller and depleted of cells, and here too, the response to Con A gradually diminished.Macrophages were found in increased numbers in the enlarged spleens of tumor‐bearing animals. It is suggested that they played a role in the suppression of lymphocyte response to mitogens. Elimination of macrophages from cultures by the addition of carageenan resulted in an enhanced response of lymphocytes from tumor‐bearing animals to Con A.In addition, we found that carrageenan acts as a mitogen, most probably for B cells, and that when added to cultures containing LPS, a potentiation of the mitogenic response to LPS was obtained.
Influenza virus‐specific T cell‐mediated cytotoxicity: integration of the virus antigen into the target cell membrane is essential for target cell formation
Authors: Kurrle Roland , Wagner Hermann , Röllinghoff Martin , Rott Rudolf 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis study deals with the requirements for target cell recognition by influenza A virus‐ specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). H‐2‐identical cells were incubated with infectious or UV light‐inactivated influenza A virus expressing either cleaved or uncleaved hemagglutinin (HA). Thereafter, the treated cells were tested in a 4‐h 51lCr assay for susceptibility to CTL‐mediated cytolysis.Regardless whether the influenza virus was infectious, virions expressing cleaved HA were efficient in target cell formation. In contrast, cells incubated with either active or UV‐inactivated virions expressing uncleaved HA were not lysed by virus‐ specific CTL. Yet, after mere trypsin‐mediated cleavage of the HA of cell‐absorbed viroins, strong cytolysis could be observed. On the other hand, solubilization of the envelope lipid bilayer by ethyiether abolished the capacity of the remaining HA to induce target cell formation. The results clearly suggest that mere adsorption of virions to the membrane of cells, which is performed by virus with uncleaved HA, is insufficient for target cell formation. For this, both cleaved HA and an intact envelope appear to be crucial. We conclude that fusion of the virion into the cell membrane is essential for target cell formation.
A search for hapten‐binding mouse plasmacytoma proteins
Authors: Mäkelä Olli , Kaartinen Matti , Karjalainen Klaus , Morse Herbert C. , Weigert Martin , Potter Michael 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSix hundred and twelve mouse plasmacytomas were screened for hapten binding by using eleven different bacteriophage‐hapten conjugates (phage T4 conjugated with haptens NP, NIP, DIP, DNP, BOC‐ABA‐Tyr, ABA‐NP, ABA‐MIP, ABS‐HOP, PAB‐HOP, penicillin G, cloxacillin). Fifteen ascites fluids (2.4%) inactivated at least one of the phage conjugates at a high dilution indicating binding. The specificity of these reactions was studied by titrating one ascites fluid with phage conjugates carrying unrelated haptens, and by inhibiting the phage inactivation with free haptens. Of the 15 myeloma proteins, 10 had high titers (at least 30 times higher than the ascites fluid background) with the NIP‐cap phage or the NP‐cap phage or both. Four had high titers with the DNP‐cap phage and one with the ABA‐MIP phage. Thirteen of the 15 myeloma proteins were IgA, one was IgM and one IgC2b.
MLR blast cells generated in mutant‐standard strain combinations bind H‐2K and H‐2D antigens
Authors: Geib Roy W. , Klein Jan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStrains CBA (M523) ( = M523) and CBA differ by a mutation which has been mapped genetically into the K region of the H‐2 complex. Similarly, strains B 10.D2 (M504) ( = MS04) and B10.D2 differ in a mutation which occurred in the D region. The data presented in this study show that mixed lymphocyte culture in M523 anti‐ CBA and M504 anti‐B 10.D2 strain combinations leads to the release of membrane fragments from the stimulating cells and binding of these fragments by blast cells. The fragments always carry H‐2K (in the M523 anti‐CBA combination) or H‐2D (in the M504 anti‐B 10.D2 combination) antigens present in the stimulating and absent in the responding cells (antigens H‐2.60 and H‐2.40, respectively). Although Ia antigens may occasionally be present on the CBA membrane fragments, these antigens do not participate in the M523 anti‐CBA MLR stimulation. The data thus demonstrate that serologically detectable H‐2K and H‐2D antigens can induce a MLR and that a mutation can change properties of H‐2K or H‐2D molecules so that the alteration is detectable by both serological means and lymphocyte activation assays.
Purification with monoclonal antibody of a predominant leukocyte‐common antigen and glycoprotein from rat thymocytes
Authors: Sunderland Christopher A. , McMaster W. Robert , Williams Alan F. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA leukocyte‐common (L‐C) antigen which can be dominant as an immunogen in rabbit anti‐rat thoracic duct lymphocyte serum has been purified from rat thymocytes. Initially, an antigenic fragment of 100000 apparent mol. wt. was prepared at 400 to 900‐fold purification by lentil lectin affinity chromatography and gel filtration in deoxycholate. Mice were then immunized with this fraction, and a hybrid myeloma cell line secreting antibody to the L‐C antigen was prepared by cell fusion. This antibody was used for affinity chromatography and gave pure L‐C antigen at 1400‐fold puaification compared with thymocytes. The L‐C antigen is a major membrane glycoprotein of rat thymocytes and has an apparent mol. wt. of 150000 as determined by electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels in sodium dodecyl sulfate. The antigen constitutes one of the three thymocyte glycoproteins which stain intensely for carbohydrate with periodic acid Schiff stain. It is present on > 95% of thymocytes, bone marrow cells and thoracic duct lymphocytes.
Possible role for glycosphingolipids in the control of immune responses
Authors: Ryan John L. , Shinitzky Meir 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPreparations of gangliosides from bovine brain contain material which acts as a strong mitogen on murine spleen cells. This material is highly lipophilic and co‐purifies with the ganglioside fraction. It contains saccharides of a similar composition to those found in monosialogangliosides, as well as a sphinogsine base and an appreciable amount of peptide. The common brain gangliosides GM1, GD1a, and GD1b, on the other hand, are not mitogenic and act as suppressors of the mitogenic activity of bacterial lipopolysaccharide on murine spleen cells. Both the mitogenically active and suppressive fractions of bovine brain glycosphingolipid were found to act exclusively on B lymphocytes. Since gangliosides and related compounds are components of plasma membranes and of amphipathic nature, they may passively migrate between the lymphocyte subpopulations and thus act as physiological modulators of immune responses.
Cell‐mediated immunity to antigens associated with murine sarcoma virus‐induced tumors: augmentation of cytolytic T lymphocyte activity by successive specific and nonspecific stimulation in vitro
Authors: Ryser Jean‐Etienne , Brunner K. Theodor , Cerottini Jean‐Charles 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIt has been shown previously that lymphoid cells from mice which have rejected a tumor induced by the Moloney sarcoma virus‐leukemia virus (MSV‐MLV) complex develop high levels of specific H‐2‐restricted cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity after in vitro stimulation with syngeneic, irradiated MLV‐induced lymphoma cells in mixed leukocyte‐tumor cell cultures (MLTC). Attempts to further increase lytic activity by restimulating long‐term MLTC cells with syngeneic, irradiated lymphoma cells have met but with limited success. This report shows that, in contrast to the lack of increased activity observed after specific stimulation with lymphoma cells, nonspecific stimulation of long‐term MLTC cells either with supernatants from secondary mixed leukocyte cultures (2º MLC SN) or with supernatants from concanavalin A‐stimulated spleen cells leads, on a per cell basis, to a further 5 to 10‐fold increase in CTL activity. The stimulatory activity of 2º MLC SN is due to a factor(s) of apparent mol. wt. of 25 000 to 40 000. The activity of the CTL populations formed under these conditions is at least 100‐fold higher against syngeneic as compared to allogeneic MLV‐induced or unrelated tumor cells.
Demonstration of HLA‐DR‐like antigens on milk fat globule membranes
Authors: Wiman Klas , Curman Bengt , Trägårdh Lena , Peterson Per Artur 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMilk fat globules (MFG), which are formed by exocytosis of lipid from epithelial cells of the mammary gland, are enveloped by plasma membrane from the epithelial cells. Highly purified, detergent‐solubilized MFG membranes have been shown to contain molecules reactive with a rabbit antiserum against HLA‐DR antigens. Indirect immunoprecipitation combined with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate demonstrated that the MFG membrane material reactive with the antiserum comprised molecules which under denaturing conditions displayed molecular weights of 28 000 and 35 000. The two types of polypeptide chains, which were both glycosylated, were held together by noncovalent forces under nondenaturing conditions. Various types of chemical and physicochemical analyses failed to reveal any significant differences between the HLA‐DR‐like antigens from MFG and from spleen cells. Since the HLA‐DR‐like antigens bound detergent in micellar form and were expressed on the outside of intact MFG, as revealed by indirect immunofluorescence, it is concluded that these antigens are embedded in the hydrocarbon matrix of the MFG and not merely passively adsorbed onto the MFG.
The distribution of HLA on human lymphoid, bone marrow and peripheral blood cells
Authors: Brown Geoffrey , Biberfeld Peter , Christensson Birger , Mason David Y. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe cellular distribution and the differential expression of HLA on cell suspensions and tissue sections has been investigated using the monoclonal antibody W6–32, which reacts with the high molecular weight chain of the major histocompatibility antigen. Lymphocytes and platelets, as assessed by autoradiographic and immunoperoxidase labeling, were the most densely labeled cells. Myeloid precursors showed more labeling than mature neutrophils. Electron microscopic immunoperoxidase labeling showed a continuous distribution of HLA antigen on lymphoid and myeloid cell membranes. Erythroid precursors (including reticulocytes), although very weakly labeled, were clearly positive, in comparison with mature erythrocytes. In the thymus, HLA‐negative, thymocyte antigen‐positive cells (85%) can be distinguished from HLA‐positive, thymocyte antigen‐negative cells (15%). By using immunofluorescence techniques on tissue sections, the former cells were shown to be cortical thymocytes and the latter medullary cells.
Lysolecithin analogs as adjuvants in delayed‐type hypersensitivity in mice. I. Characterization of the adjuvant effect
Authors: Arnold Bernd , Miller Jacques F. A. P. , Weltzien Hans U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe adjuvant activity of 5 different lysolecithin analogs (LLA) has been studied in delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) using fowl gamma globulin, bovine serum albumin and the terpolymer L‐glutamic acid 60‐L‐alanine30‐L‐tyrosine10(GAT), as antigens. Increased DTH responses, by factors of 1.8–2.0 in CBA and BALB/c mice, showed that LLA are immunopotentiators if given intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) together with the antigen. The concentration range, within which LLA are active, is limited to 10–20 (μg/mouse s.c. and 100–300 μg/mouse i.p., Adjuvanticity was tested as a function of the LLA structure. The most pronounced immunopotentiation was obtained with racemic 1‐octadecyl‐2‐methylglycero‐3‐phosphorylcholine (ET18‐O‐CH3). The LLA became less active with decreasing numbers of C atoms in the alkyl chain.
Complement and Fc receptor‐mediated phagocytosis of normal and stimulated mouse peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Bar‐Shavit Zvi , Raz Avraham , Goldman Rachel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNormal and stimulated macrophage populations induced by six different stimuli were tested for their IgG and complement (C)‐mediated phagocytic capacity. A similar phagocytic capacity for sheep red cells (E) coated with IgG was exhibited by normal and stimulated macrophage populations with the exception of thioglycollate‐stimulated macrophages which exhibited a lower phagocytic potential. The extent of attachment and ingestion of E coated with IgM and C 5‐deficient mouse serum (EIgMC) was shown to depend on the concentration of IgM and serum in the opsonizing solutions. A further interaction of macrophage‐EIgMC rosettes with C5‐deficient mouse serum led to ingestion of a high proportion of the attached ElgMC. Heat‐killed yeast cells coated with C5‐deficient mouse complement were ingested to a similar extent by normal and stimulated macrophage populations except for thioglycollate‐stimulated macrophage populations which exhibited about 30% of the phagocytic response.The data support the notion that complement receptors on macrophage surface are not limited in their function to the attachment phase but that they also are capable of mediating phagocytosis. It is suggested that the prevalent protocols of sequential opsonization of E with IgM and C5‐deficient mouse serum do not provide enough bridging moieties between the coated E and macrophages to allow for effective ingestion; the EIgMC complex formed is only capable of attachment to macrophage surfaces.
Enhanced expression of HLA antigens and β2‐microglobulin on interferon‐treated human lymphoid cells
Authors: Fellous Marc , Kamoun Malek , Bone Rosa , Gresser Ion 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHuman leukocyte interferon increased the expression of HLA‐A, B antigens and β2‐microglobulin on two lines of human lymphoblastoid cells and on peripheral blood lymphocytes. No effect was observed on the expression of HLA‐DR antigens.
The enumeration of rat IgE‐secreting cells using a reverse plaque‐forming cell assay
Authors: Rector Edward S. , Carter Brian G. , Kelly Ken A. , Lang Glen M. , Sehon Alec H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractA reverse hemolytic plaque assay utilizing protein A‐coated sheep red cells and a specific rabbit anti‐rat IgE preparation has been adapted for the enumeration of rat IgE‐secreting cells derived from the IR‐162 rat plasmacytoma and from rats infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Under optimal conditions, approximately 10–15% of the viable plasmacytoma cells were scored as plaque‐forming cells. In rats infected with 5000 Nippostrongylus brasiliensis larvae, a maximum of 2 × 106 IgE‐secreting cells were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes, and no IgE plaque‐forming cells in their spleens. The kinetics of the mesenteric lymph node plaque‐forming cell responses closely coincided with total serum IgE levels, with maximum responses occurring 15–16 days after infection. There was a high degree of correlation between the mesenteric lymph node IgE plaque‐forming cell responses and total serum IgE levels of individual rats. It was concluded that the IgE‐secreting cells in the mesenteric lymph nodes contributed, in a large way, to the elevated levels of IgE found in the circulation of these rats.
Detection of albumin‐secreting hepatocytes at the single cell level by a protein A plaque assay
Authors: Smith C. I. Edvard , Hammarström Lennart 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIn a complement‐dependent assay, using protein A‐coupled erythrocytes as target cells and anti‐albumin immunoglobulin (Ig) as a developing serum, it was possible to detect single albumin‐secreting hepatocytes as plaque‐forming cells. Plasmacytoma cells were detected using anti‐Ig antibodies and did not form plaques with anti‐albu‐ min Ig. This method can potentially be used for detecting any cell‐secreting products in sufficient amounts.