bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Interessen und Rechtsstellung des Verletzten im Strafverfahren
Authors: Walther Susanne 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Welche Rechte der Verletzte im Strafverfahren hat gehört zu den aktuellsten Themen des Strafprozeßrechts. Im folgenden wird die Frage, welche typischen Interessen das Deliktsopfer hat, zum Ausgangspunkt genommen. Während bisher vorwiegend Wiedergutmachungsinteressen diskutiert worden sind, kommen hier neuartige, bisher nicht ausgeleuchtete Aspekte in den Blick, die das rechtliche Gehör sowie die Teilhabe an einem fairen Verfahren, aber auch Interessen an Bestrafung und an Sicherheit betreffen.
Chopin at the Funeral: Episodes in the History of Modern Death
Authors: Kramer Lawrence 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This essay seeks to shed fresh light on Chopin's all-too-famous Funeral March by exploring its relationship to the social history of death. Virtually from the day of its publication, the march has had a career independent of the Piano Sonata in B Minor, Op. 35, into which Chopin inserted it. It quickly became Western music's paramount anthem of public mourning, a role it played at funerals from Chopin's own to John F. Kennedy's. This civic character, however, at best represents only a fraction of the music's cultural resonance. By consulting the first context of the march, the treatment of death and burial in Chopin's Paris, it becomes possible to tell a different and a richer story. Responding to a historical crisis bequeathed by the French Revolution, France during the first half of the nineteenth century was engaged in renovating the culture of death literally from the ground up—and down. Three major institutions emerged in the capital to carry on this work, each with its own distinctive set of customs and symbolic practices: the catacombs of Paris, the Paris Morgue, and the modern cemetery, the prototype for which was Pere Lachaise. Each of the three can be said to have left a mark on Chopin's Funeral March; deciphering those marks is the project of this essay.
Re-Placing Medieval Music
Authors: Peraino Judith A. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This essay explores reasons and methods for combining historical research in medieval music and postmodern critical theories associated with “new musicology.” I discuss recent historiographie writings by medievalists and theories of intertextuality from literary critics who argue for the conscious integration of present-day frames of reference into interpretations of historical material. Three postmodern themes form my frame of reference: (1) the critique of metanarratives, (2) the constitutive relationships between central and marginal “texts,” and (3) the recognition of plural perspectives and meanings. I show how these themes instigate compelling readings of two treatises—Johannes de Grocheio's De musica (ca. 1300) and Dante's De vulgari ekquentia (ca. 1305)—and some contemporaneous monophonie mensural additions to the chansonnier F-Pn fr. 844 (trouvère MS M, also known as the Manuscrit du roi).
Carnival in Venice or Protest in Paris? Louis XIV and the Politics of Subversion at the Paris Opéra
Authors: Cowart Georgia 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
After Louis XTVs banishment of the Comédie-Italienne in 1697, its costumes and masks became increasingly fashionable among a public disenchanted with absolutist politics. This article reveals the manner in which the plots, characters, and subversive satire of the Comédie-Italienne inform two ballets of André Campra, Le Carnaval de Venise (1699) and Les Fêêtes vénitiennes (1710). Following the satiric strategies used by the Comédie-Italienne, Campra and his librettists employ an exotic Venetian setting as a mask for the libertine entertainments of a French public sphere. Reversing the ideology of Louis XIVs courtly fêêtes, they deconstruct his official image in three ways: through a literary web of allusion, satire, and parody; through an Italianate musical style that serves to undermine the French language of absolutism; and through the thematic celebration of a new public audience as the subversive heir to the royal prerogative of pleasure.
Beyond the Sonata Principle
Authors: Hepokoski James 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
This essay provides a concept-history, a close examination, and a testing of the much invoked “sonata principle” (Edward T Cone, 1967-68), while also introducing a new, contrasting mode of analysis (“Sonata Theory”) for sonata-form compositions from the decades around 1800. Within these compositions it was a common expectation that (nontonic) secondary- and closing-material from the exposition would normally be restated in the tonic in the corresponding place in the recapitulation. In mid- and late-twentieth-century English-language analysis (in response to shifting analytical paradigms), this expectation came to be inflated into differing recastings of a much freer, more encompassing “sonata principle” that, at least initially, was proposed to be the “unifying [and] underlying …… principle for the Classical style.” Some of the attractions of this idea included its claims to midcentury academic sophistication, its protean flexibility, and its ability to provide quick solutions to otherwise “difficult” moments within highly regarded compositions. Anticipated by the caveats of other writers, this article calls attention to the principle's limitations and the ways in which it has been imprecisely laid out or misapplied in influential writing. In a few comparative analyses I also present aspects of a more hermeneutically productive mode of analytical questioning “beyond the sonata principle.”
The Organist in Ives
Authors: Burkholder J. Peter 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Charles Ives was a professional church organist for thirteen years. An examination of music he played, music he composed for or with organ, and pieces he adapted from his own organ works demonstrates that he was deeply influenced both by his practical knowledge as an organist and by the repertory he performed. This influence is revealed through a surprising number of features of his music, including its relation to improvisation, difficulty of execution, employment of novel sounds to represent extramusical events, approach to orchestration, prominent textural and dynamic contrasts, spatial effects, innovative harmonies, mixture of classical and vernacular traditions, polytonality, use of fugue and pedal point, frequent borrowing of hymn tunes, and cumulative form. In all these areas, Ives's music extends elements in the tradition of organ music, often in new and unique ways, so that many of the extraordinary qualities of his music deemed to be uniquely innovative are seen to have roots in his experiences as an organist.
Adorno, Schoenberg, and the Totentanz der Prinzipien—in Thirteen Steps
Authors: Goehr Lydia 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
By a “Totentanz der Prinzipien,” one might mean a dance in which the principles dance themselves to death, or a dance in which something dances between principles, much as human beings are said to dance their final death dance suspended between life and death, time and space, body and spirit. Focusing on points of contact between the work of Theodor W. Adorno and Arnold Schoenberg, this essay explores the idea of the Totentanz to develop a philosophical theory of Schweben (suspension) that captures the particular way Adorno believed music could be significantly philosophical and philosophy itself musical.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Bajor Judit 
Published: January 2009

Az 1-es típusú neurofibromatosis, más néven Recklinghausen-kór a leggyakoribb autoszomális dominánsan öröklődő betegségek egyike. A neurofibromatosis génje a 17-es kromoszómán található NF1 tumorszuppresszor gén. A gén mutációja a tumorszuppresszor funkció kiesése következtében benignus és malignus tumorok kialakulásához vezet. Gastrointestinalis manifesztáció az esetek 25%-ában észlelhető, a leggyakrabban GIST. Az irodalomban jól ismert a két betegség szoros asszociációja, jelenleg már több mint 160 esetről van tudomásunk. Neurofibromatosisos betegek 7%-ában alakul ki GIST, és a GIST-betegek között az NF1 előfordulása 150-180-szoros az átlagpopulációhoz képest. A neurofibromatosishoz társuló GIST külön entitás, a sporadikus GIST-től eltérően általában multiplex, és szinte mindig a vékonybélben fordul elő. Enyhe női túlsúllyal, általában fiatalabb korban jelenik meg. Szövettani jellemzői közül az orsósejtes típus, a skeinoid testek jelenléte és a gyakori S100-pozitivitás emelhető ki. Mitotikus aktivitása alacsony, általában a prognózisa is kedvezőbb. A sporadikus GIST-re jellemző c-KIT- és PDGFRA-mutáció igen ritkán fordul elő, azzal a hipotézissel összhangban, hogy a neurofibromatosishoz társuló GIST patogenezise nem c-KIT-függő. Feltételezik, hogy neurofibromatosisban a GIST patomechanizmusa különbözik a sporadikustól, a GIST-tumor megjelenése a neurofibromatosis klinikai spektrumának része. C-KIT- és PDGFRA-mutáció az ismert néhány esetben feltehetőleg a tumorgenezis késői lépéseként alakul ki. A GIST terápiáját forradalmasító imatinib ebben a betegcsoportban nem hatékony, de kellő mennyiségű adat még nem áll rendelkezésre.
Biomphalaria havanensis Identified as a Potential Intermediate Host for the Digenetic Trematode Bolbophorus damnificus
Authors: Yost Marlena C , Pote Linda M , Wise David J , Dorr Brian S , Richardson Terry D 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
The digenetic trematode Bolbophorus damnificus has been associated with mortalities in commercial channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in the Mississippi Delta. In the life cycle of B. damnificus, the only confirmed first intermediate host is the ram's horn snail Planorbella trivolvis. Recently, the exotic snail Biomphalaria havanensis has been isolated in several channel catfish ponds in the Mississippi Delta. The aim of this study was to determine whether this invasive snail species could also serve as a first intermediate host in the B. damnificus life cycle. Bolbophorus damnificus ova were collected from an American white pelican Pelecanus erythrorhynchos that had been artificially infected with B. damnificus metacercariae; the ova were then introduced into an aquarium with parasite-negative B. havanensis. Bolbophorus damnificus cercariae (confirmed by polymerase chain reaction) were detected in B. havanensis 45 d after exposure to B. damnificus ova. The snails continued to shed B. damnificus cercariae throughout the 80-d postexposure examination period. Before this research, the only reported natural B. damnificus infection of snails involved P. trivolvis. This study indicates that the range of snail hosts is broader than previously suspected. A survey should be implemented to identify additional snail species that can serve as hosts for B. damnificus. Further research should determine whether B. havanensis is a natural host for B. damnificus, and if so the prevalence of B. havanensis in commercial channel catfish ponds should be assessed.
An Apparatus for Separating Live Amphipods from Debris
Authors: Cantu Valentin , Fries Joe N , Ryan Tom A 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
We designed an inexpensive (US$35), easy-to-build apparatus that separates live freshwater amphipods Hyalella azteca from debris. In 2 d of unattended operation, the separator provided an average of 2,700 amphipods from debris per square meter of raceway bottom (range = 1,600–4,000/m2; n = 3). Amphipod-containing debris collection, apparatus setup, and salt treatment of amphipods to kill hydras and flatworms took about 10 min.
Composition, disintegrative properties, and labeling compliance of commercially available taurine and carnitine dietary products
Authors: Bragg Rebecca R. , Freeman Lisa M. , Fascetti Andrea J. , Yu Zengshou 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objective—To test the quality, disintegration properties, and compliance with labeling regulations for representative commercially available taurine and carnitine dietary products.
Design—Evaluation study.
Sample Population—11 commercially available taurine and 10 commercially available carnitine products.
Procedures—For each product, the amount of taurine or carnitine was determined and compared with the label claim. All products were evaluated for concentrations of mercury, arsenic, and selenium. Disintegration properties of 5 taurine and 8 carnitine products were determined in vitro. Labels were evaluated for compliance with FDA guidelines.
Results—10 of 11 taurine and 10 of 10 carnitine products were within 10% of the stated label claim. Three of 11 taurine and 6 of 10 carnitine products were within 5% of the stated label claim. The median percentage difference between laboratory analysis and label claim was −5.7% (range, −26.3% to 2.5%) for taurine and 3.6% (range, −2.6% to 8.8%) for carnitine. No substantial amount of contamination with mercury, arsenic, or selenium was found in any of the products. During disintegration testing, 1 of 5 taurine products and 5 of 8 carnitine products did not disintegrate within 45 minutes during at least 1 test. Disintegration time for those that did disintegrate ranged from 1.7 to 37.0 minutes. All product labels conformed with FDA regulations.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Taurine and carnitine products evaluated in this study closely adhered to manufacturer claims and labeling guidelines. However, disintegration testing suggested high variability in some products, possibly limiting uptake and use by animals that receive them.
Composition and characteristics of urinary calculi from guinea pigs
Authors: Hawkins Michelle G. , Ruby Annette L. , Drazenovich Tracy L. , Westropp Jodi L. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Objective—To determine the mineral composition of calculi, anatomic locations of the calculi, and findings of urinalysis and bacteriologic culture of urine and calculi in guinea pigs with urolithiasis.
Design—Cross-sectional study.
Animals—127 guinea pigs.
Procedures—Records of urinary calculi that had been submitted to the University of California Stone Laboratory from 1985 through 2003 were reviewed. In addition, submissions of urinary calculi for evaluation by the laboratory were prospectively solicited from 2004 through 2007. Prospectively obtained calculi were accompanied by a urine sample for urinalysis and bacteriologic culture and a completed questionnaire. All calculi were analyzed by use of polarized light microscopy and infrared spectroscopy. A subset of calculi was examined by means of x-ray diffractometry (XRD).
Results—83% (43/52) of calculi from the laboratory database and 93% (70/75) of calculi that were prospectively solicited were composed of 100% calcium carbonate. Analysis via XRD confirmed that 5 of 6 calculi from a subset that had the greatest gross morphologic variation were composed of 100% calcite. Although many guinea pigs had received anti-microbials before bacteriologic cultures of urine were performed, Corynebacterium renale was isolated from 5 urine samples.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Contrary to findings of other studies, urinary calculi analyzed for the present study were most commonly composed of 100% calcium carbonate, and infrared spectroscopy or XRD was necessary to differentiate this mineral from others. Treatments, including diet and husbandry practices, should be developed to help prevent development of calcium carbonate calculi in guinea pigs.
Electrophysiologic evidence of polyneuropathy in a cat with signs of bilateral brachial plexus neuropathy
Authors: Freeman Paul M. , Harcourt-Brown Thomas R. , Jeffery Nick D. , Granger Nicolas 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Case Description—A 2-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat was examined because of bilateral thoracic limb weakness of acute onset.
Clinical Findings—Clinical signs included muscle atrophy, paresis, depressed spinal reflexes, hyperesthesia of the thoracic limbs, and reduced jaw muscle tone. Pelvic limb reflexes were normal. Results of a neurologic examination were suggestive of multifocal lesions involving both brachial plexuses and the trigeminal nerves. Abnormal nerve conduction across the brachial plexus and delayed late potentials were found on electrodiagnostic testing, and diffuse subclinical involvement of other regions of the peripheral nervous system was confirmed on the basis of abnormal electromyographic findings for the masticatory muscles and conduction block of the peroneal nerve.
Treatment and Outcome—No specific treatments were given, and neurologic signs resolved within a month. A relapse occurred 2 months after the first episode, with clinical signs affecting both the pelvic and the thoracic limbs on this occasion. Again, the condition resolved without specific treatment, and 13 months after the initial episode, the cat reportedly was normal.
Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Findings suggested that brachial plexus neuropathy can be a multifocal disease in cats, even if clinically apparent neurologic deficits are initially subtle or absent, and that electrodiagnostic techniques can be used to identify subclinical involvement of the peripheral nerves.
Ergonomic risk factors for low back pain in North Carolina crab pot and gill net commercial fishermen
Authors: Kucera Kristen L. , Loomis Dana , Lipscomb Hester J. , Marshall Stephen W. , Mirka Gary A. , Daniels Julie L. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundThe objective of this research was to determine the association between LBP that limited or interrupted fishing work and ergonomic low back stress measured by (1) self‐reported task and (2) two ergonomic assessment methods of low back stress.MethodsEligible participants were from a cohort of North Carolina commercial fishermen followed for LBP in regular clinic visits from 1999 to 2001 (n = 177). Work history, including crab pot and gill net fishing task frequency, was evaluated in a telephone questionnaire (n = 105). Ergonomic exposures were measured in previous study of 25 fishermen using two methods. The occurrence rate of LBP that limited or interrupted fishing work since last visit (severe LBP) was evaluated in a generalized Poisson regression model.ResultsPredictors of severe LBP included fishing with crew members and a previous history of severe LBP. Among crab pot and gill net fishermen (n = 89), running pullers or net reels, sorting catch, and unloading catch were associated with an increased rate of LBP. Percent of time in forces >20 lb while in non‐neutral trunk posture, spine compression >3,400 N, and National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health lifting indices >3.0 were associated with LBP.ConclusionsTasks characterized by higher (unloading boat and sorting catch) and lower (running puller or net reel) ergonomic low back stress were associated with the occurrence of severe LBP. History of LBP, addition of crew members, and self‐selection out of tasks were likely important contributors to the patterns of low back stress and outcomes we observed. Based on the results of this study, a participatory ergonomic intervention study is currently being conducted to develop tools and equipment to decrease low back stress in commercial crab pot fishing. Am. J. Ind. Med. 52:311–321, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Katalytische C‐F‐Aktivierung und Hydrodefluorierung von Fluoralkylgruppen
Authors: Meier Gregor , Braun Thomas 
Published: January 2009

AbstractEffiziente C‐F‐Bindungsspaltung: Das extrem Lewis‐saure Silylkation [Et3Si]+ ist ein aktiver Katalysator der Hydrodefluorierung von Alkylgruppen bei Raumtemperatur. Das Carborat [CHB11H5Cl6]− spielt eine wesentliche Rolle im Katalysezyklus, da es als schwach koordinierendes Anion kationische Intermediate stabilisiert (im Bild unten).magnified image
Characterization of Key Intermediates in a Complex Organocatalytic Cascade Reaction Using Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Schrader Wolfgang , Handayani Peni Purwa , Zhou Jian , List Benjamin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemical scrabble: Mechanistic studies of complex organocatalytic cascade reactions are challenging owing to the presence of many species involved. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry provides details about a one‐pot quadruple organocatalytic cascade reaction, and allows detailed characterization of the reaction and its key intermediates.magnified image
Surface water balance to evaluate the hydrological impacts of small instream diversions and application to the Russian River basin, California, USA
Authors: Deitch Matthew J. , Kondolf G. Mathias , Merenlender Adina M. 
Published: January 2009

Abstract
Small streams are increasingly under pressure to meet water needs associated with expanding human development, but the hydrologic and ecological effects are not commonly described in scientific literature.
To evaluate the potential effects that surface water abstraction can have on flow regime, scientists and resource managers require tools that compare abstraction to stream flow at ecologically relevant time scales.
The classic water balance model was adapted to evaluate how small instream diversions can affect catchment stream‐flow; the adapted model maintains the basic mass balance concept, but limits the parameters and considers surface water data at an appropriate timescale.
This surface water balance was applied to 20 Russian River tributaries in north‐central California to evaluate how recognized diversions can affect stream flow throughout the region.
The model indicates that existing diversions have little capacity to influence peak or base flows during the rainy winter season, but may reduce stream flow during spring by 20% in one‐third of all the study streams; and have the potential to accelerate summer intermittence in 80% of the streams included in this study.
The surface water balance model may be especially useful for guiding river restoration from a hydrologic perspective: it can distinguish among streams with high diversion regimes that may require more than just physical channel restoration to provide ecological benefits, and can illustrate the extent to which changing the diversion parameters of particular water users can affect the persistence of a natural flow regime.
As applied to Russian River tributaries, the surface water balances suggest that reducing demand for stream flow in summer may be as important as physical channel restoration to restoring anadromous salmonids in this region.
Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Predictive observer‐based control for networked control systems with network‐induced delay and packet dropout
Authors: Li Hongbo , Sun Zengqi , Liu Huaping , Chow Mo‐Yuen 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis paper addresses the stability analysis and synthesis problems for a class of networked control systems (NCSs) under effects of both network‐induced delay and packet dropout. The motivation comes from the increasing NCS applications where the full state vector is not available. To handle the concerned problems, two predictive observer‐based controllers are constructed. The first one is a memoryless controller with the predictive observer collocated with the plant. The second one, with the predictive observer colocated with the controller, uses the last effective plant information as well as the knowledge of the plant dynamics. The stability conditions of NCSs are derived via both network‐condition‐dependent Lyapunov function and common quadric Lyapunov function. The corresponding controller design problems are also solved based upon the obtained stability conditions. Simulation and experimental results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society