bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Formation of Ar2+ ions in cold argon plasmas through the ternary recombination mechanism
Authors: Nongni F T , Kalus R , Benhenni M , Gadéa F X , Yousfi M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA general scheme for calculating ternary recombination rate constants of atomic species based on a hybrid quantum–classical nonadiabatic dynamics approach is presented and applied to the specific case of the ternary recombination of atomic ions of argon in cold argon plasmas. Rate constants are reported for both fine-structure states of theAr+ion,2P3/2and2P1/2,T = 300 K, and for selected values of the reduced electric field. A thorough comparison with the literature data available forT = 300 K and a couple of close temperatures is performed with a favorable agreement achieved. It is shown that the excitedAr+(2P1/2)ions may contribute to the formation of dimer ions,Ar2+, as efficiently as the ground-state ions,Ar+(2P3/2), due to fast internal conversion of the electronic energy, which takes place in ternary collision complexes,Ar+/Ar/Ar.
Highly sensitive surface acoustic wave magnetic field sensor based on the loss mechanism
Authors: Wu Yutong , Cui Baile , Jia Yana , Zhou Zihan , Hu Wenbin , Bai Feiming , Wang Wen , Xue Xufeng , Liang Yong 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Currently, the surface acoustic wave (SAW) magnetic field sensing technique utilises the SAW velocity/frequency mechanism of magnetoacoustic interaction as an indicator of the magnetic sensitivity mechanism. However, this method has low sensitivity and poor stability. To address this problem, a dynamic magnetoelastic coupling theoretical model is constructed to theoretically simulate the influence of the ΔE effect of magnetically sensitive thin films on SAW propagation attenuation. This study describes a high-sensitivity SAW magnetic field sensing mechanism based on magnetoacoustic attenuation. The simulation results show a clear relationship between the acoustic propagation loss and external magnetic field, indicating a structure-property relationship. An amorphous soft magnetic material (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10 was used as a magnetically sensitive thin film due to its high permeability, low coercivity (Hc), low hysteresis, ease of magnetisation and demagnetisation. SAW magnetosensitive device operating on a frequency of 200 MHz has been experimentally developed using a standard semiconductor photolithography process. A SiO2 layer was deposited on a 36° YX-LiTaO3 substrate as a waveguide, and a (Fe90Co10)78Si12B10 layer was on the top of the propagation area as a magnetosensitive film. The experimental results showed that the acoustic loss change due to the magnetic field variation was 4.63 dB within a magnetic field range of 0 Oe to ±10 Oe, which agreed with the theoretical results. The sensor had a sensitivity of 0.7546 dB Oe−1 within the range of 0–4 Oe and the lower detection limit of magnetic fields was 0.272 Oe, low hysteresis error of 0.54%, multiple repeatability error of 0.13%, excellent repeatability and stability were achieved in the experiments from the developed sensing device.
Fiber design and performance analyses for optical multiplexing: terahertz optical communications
Authors: Anowar Kabir Md , Paul Bikash Kumar , Hossain Md Selim , Uddin Muhammad Shahin , Morshed Monir 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Multiplexing is the process of combining multiple signals at a single channel. Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) is one of the main multiplexing techniques for optical data transmissions. This paper examines and suggests a hollow core with four layers of semilunar air-hole-shaped circular photonic crystal fiber (PCF) capable of transmitting terahertz (THz) OAM information-carrying modes. By using the full vector finite element method (FEM), OAM multiplexing is analyzed for the proposed fiber. All the THz OAM-based factors are analyzed at a frequency band ranging from 400 GHz to 800 GHz. For the first time, some important PCF factors such as effective refractive index difference (ERID), dispersion profile (DP), OAM purity, confinement loss (CL), effective mode area (ERA), and numerical aperture (NA) are quantitatively discussed with applications. The proposed design supports 50 OAM modes with ERID up to 10−3. The PCF has a CL of approximately 10–10 dB cm−1 and the lowest dispersion profile is 0.3581 ps/THz/cm. Furthermore, the OAM purity is around 97%. Nonetheless, the proposed design can be used in THz-OAM transmission and high optical fiber communications.
On stability behaviors of 5D M-theory black objects
Authors: Belhaj Adil , Bouhouch Abderrahim 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Using N = 2 supergravity formalism, we investigate certain behaviors of five-dimensional black objects from the compactification of M-theory on a Calabi–Yau three-fold. The manifold has been constructed as the intersection of two homogeneous polynomials of degrees (ω + 2, 1) and (2, 1) in a product of two weighted projective spaces given by

WP

4

(
ω
,
1
,
1
,
1
,
1
)
×

P

1

. First, we determine the allowed electric charge regions of the BPS and non BPS black holes obtained by wrapping M2-branes on appropriate two cycles in such a proposed Calabi–Yau three-fold. After that, we calculate the entropy of these solutions which takes a maximal value corresponding to ω = 1 defining the ordinary projective space

P

4

. For generic values of ω, we show that the non BPS states are unstable. Then, we conduct a similar study of five-dimensional black strings. Concerning the allowed magnetic charge regions of the BPS and non BPS black stringy solutions derived from M5-branes on dual divisors, we calculate the tension taking a minimal value for

P

4

. By determining the recombination factor, we show that the non-BPS black string states are stable in the allowed regions in the magnetic charge space.
Impurity leakage mechanisms in the Wendelstein 7-X island divertor under friction-dominated conditions
Authors: Winters V.R. , Reimold F. , Feng Y. , Perseo V. , Beurskens M. , Bozhenkov S. , Brunner K.J. , Fuchert G. , Koenig R. , Knauer J. , Krychowiak M. , Pasch E. , Scott E. , Zhang D. ,   the W7-X Team
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The EMC3-Eirene code was used to study the main impurity leakage mechanism for the island divertor in the standard magnetic field configuration. It was found that under experimentally accessible plasma scenarios in the last experimental campaign, the majority of the island scrape-off layer was friction-force dominated. The impurity force balance was only thermal force dominated for upstream locations closed to the last closed flux surface, beyond the island X-point. No impurity neutral ionization was found in this location and hence the parallel impurity transport provides excellent impurity retention. It was found that impurities approach the confinement region nonetheless via perpendicular transport across the island O-point near the parallel flow stagnation region. This finding points out the specific role of the parallel flow stagnation region in providing lower parallel convective transport and long impurity residence times, which makes non-parallel transport channels more important or even the dominant driver of impurity leakage. In line with the relevance of the particle build-up in the flow stagnation region, different retention behavior as a function of density is seen for various species, which is shown to be due to ionization length changes as the plasma background density is increased.
Measurement of elements by portable x-ray fluorescence spectrometry for the study of adsorption processes: the case of Pb2+ adsorption on soybean straw biochar
Authors: Wannaz Eduardo D , Medina Rocío , Pardo Sheila D , Medina Gonzalo P Barbero , Blanco Andrés , Salazar María Julieta 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study evaluated the reliability of portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) in Pb2+ adsorption kinetics and isotherm experiments using soybean straw biochar. The research aimed to compare pXRF results with those obtained through traditional atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). Soybean straw biochar, produced at 400 °C, was employed as the adsorbent for Pb2+. The efficiency of adsorption was assessed using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The kinetics of Pb2+ adsorption was analysed through pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models. The pseudo-second-order model described the kinetics of Pb2+ adsorption on biochar better than the pseudo-first order model. Importantly, the pXRF technique demonstrated comparable results to those of AAS, making it a reliable and resource-efficient method for studying Pb2+ kinetics. The results of the isotherm analyses fit the Langmuir model, indicating a desirable and irreversible adsorption of Pb2+ on biochar. PXRF measurements on biochar allowed simultaneous observations of Pb2+ adsorption and K+ and Ca2+ desorption, highlighting ionic exchange as the primary adsorption mechanism. In conclusion, our results showcased the applicability of pXRF for Pb+2 adsorption studies in biochars, offering a valuable alternative to traditional methods. The findings contribute to the understanding of biochar as an effective adsorbent for heavy metals, emphasizing the potential of pXRF for cost-effective and efficient environmental research. In this study, we present a novel and detailed procedure that will allow other researchers to continue their studies on Pb2+ adsorption on biochar or similar matrices, significantly reducing the resources and time used and enabling the simultaneous study of the behavior of other ions participating in the process.
Investigation of evolution of γ
N phase and its effect on conductivity and corrosion resistance of plasma-nitrided 316 L stainless steel bipolar plate for proton exchange membrane fuel cell
Authors: Liu Chunpeng , Li Chuanwei , Ye Zhenhua , Suo Zhongyuan , Jiang Feng , Gu Jianfeng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this work, the evolution of γ
N phase and its effect on conductivity and corrosion resistance of plasma-nitrided 316 L stainless steel bipolar plate was investigated. The results shows that a certain thickness of uniform γ
N phase layer was formed after plasma-nitriding treatment. As the increasing in plasma-nitriding time, the thickness of γ
N phase layer and nitrogen atoms in γ
N phase layer was increased gradually. As the plasma-nitriding time was larger than 10 h, a large amount of cracks was formed in γ
N phase layer because the nitrogen atoms were diffused into γ phase to cause the serious lattice distortion. When the plasma-nitriding time was reached to 24 h, the Fe4N compound was found on the sample surface. After plasma-nitriding treatment, the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the sample was obviously enhanced compared with the untreated sample. With the increasing in the thickness of γ
N phase layer, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) and corrosion current of the sample was gradually reduced. The ICR of the sample was reduced to 7 mΩ under 10 h condition. However, the formation of Fe4N compound and high roughness contributed to the increase of ICR of the sample under 24 h condition, its value was reached to 15 mΩ. When the plasma-nitriding time was larger than 10 h, the corrosion resistance of the sample became poor. The formation of cracks in γ
N phase layer and the high surface roughness resulted in the degradation of corrosion resistance of the sample. Under 5 h condition, the comprehensive properties of the sample were the best. The ICR and corrosion of the sample were current conductivity and corrosion resistance of the sample were 15 mΩ and 5.1 μA cm−2, which were low 4 times and 15 times compared with the untreated sample.
Multimode fiber-coupled VIPA spectrometer for high-throughput Brillouin imaging of biological samples
Authors: Bouvet Pierre , Clément Flora , Papoz Anastasia , Dehoux Thomas , Baritaux Jean-Charles 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Slow acquisition time and instrument stability are the two major limitations for the application of confocal Brillouin microscopy to biological materials. Although overlooked, coupling the microscope to the spectrometer with a multimode fiber (MMF) is a simple yet viable solution to increase both the detection efficiency and the stability of the classical single-mode fiber-coupled virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) instruments. Here we implement the first successful MMF-coupled VIPA spectrometer for confocal Brillouin applications and present a dimensioning strategy to optimize its collected power. The use of an MMF brings a tremendous improvement on the stability of the spectrometer that allows performing experiments over several weeks without realignment of the device. For instance, we map the Brillouin shift and linewidth in growing ductal and acinar organoids with a spatial resolution of

1
×
1
×
6

μ

m
3

and

50

ms

dwell time. Our results clearly reveal the formation of a lumen in these organoids. Careful examination of the data also suggests an increase in the viscosity of the cells of the assembly.
Using positional tracking to improve abdominal ultrasound machine learning classification
Authors: Lawley Alistair , Hampson Rory , Worrall Kevin , Dobie Gordon 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Diagnostic abdominal ultrasound screening and monitoring protocols are based around gathering a set of standard cross sectional images that ensure the coverage of relevant anatomical structures during the collection procedure. This allows clinicians to make diagnostic decisions with the best picture available from that modality. Currently, there is very little assistance provided to sonographers to ensure adherence to collection protocols, with previous studies suggesting that traditional image only machine learning classification can provide only limited assistance in supporting this task, for example it can be difficult to differentiate between multiple liver cross sections or those of the left and right kidney from image post collection. In this proof of concept, positional tracking information was added to the image input of a neural network to provide the additional context required to recognize six otherwise difficult to identify edge cases. In this paper optical and sensor based infrared tracking (IR) was used to track the position of an ultrasound probe during the collection of clinical cross sections on an abdominal phantom. Convolutional neural networks were then trained using both image-only and image with positional data, the classification accuracy results were then compared. The addition of positional information significantly improved average classification results from ∼90% for image-only to 95% for optical IR position tracking and 93% for Sensor-based IR in common abdominal cross sections. While there is further work to be done, the addition of low-cost positional tracking to machine learning ultrasound classification will allow for significantly increased accuracy for identifying important diagnostic cross sections, with the potential to not only provide validation of adherence to protocol but also could provide navigation prompts to assist in user training and in ensuring adherence in capturing cross sections in future.
Working with cattle slurry on farms: emission and dispersion of hydrogen sulfide gas during stirring
Authors: Gyte Amy , Kelsey Adrian 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Over the past 15 years, there have been numerous fatalities related to working with animal slurry. Working with cattle slurry releases toxic gases, in particular, hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which can cause acute central nervous system toxicity, breathing difficulties, and death if exposed to high concentrations. Real-time measurements of H2S gas were taken over distance and time, during the stirring of cattle slurry on farms. Gas was measured at eight slurry stores with differing typical configurations of indoor or outdoor stores and with or without slatted flooring. Highest H2S gas levels were measured from indoor stores under slatted floors, and generally at positions closest to the stirrer or the point of maximum stirring, with levels decreasing with distance from source. Most of the data indicate H2S gas levels increase very rapidly after stirring starts, and mostly decline to baseline levels within 30 min post start of stirring. There were, however, circumstances where gas levels remained high and only started to decline once the stirrer had stopped. H2S gas levels at all farms, at all positions measured were consistently below 10 ppm within 30 min of the stirrer being stopped. The current data highlight areas of the farm and ways of working that have the potential for workers and others to be at risk of exposure to toxic slurry gases. The area should be left to ventilate naturally for at least 30 min after the stirrer has been stopped before re-entering buildings. Influencing the design of stirring equipment and future slurry stores would likely reduce the risk of worker exposure to slurry gases.
Humic acid improves wheat growth by modulating auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways
Authors: Rathor Pramod , Upadhyay Punita , Ullah Aman , Gorim Linda Yuya , Thilakarathna Malinda S 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Humic acids have been widely used for centuries to enhance plant growth and productivity. The beneficial effects of humic acids have been attributed to different functional groups and phytohormone-like compounds enclosed in macrostructure. However, the mechanisms underlying the plant growth-promoting effects of humic acids are only partially understood. We hypothesize that the bio-stimulatory effect of humic acids is mainly due to the modulation of innate pathways of auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis in treated plants. A physiological investigation along with molecular characterization was carried out to understand the mechanism of bio-stimulatory effects of humic acid. A gene expression analysis was performed for the genes involved in auxin and cytokinin biosynthesis pathways in wheat seedlings. Furthermore, Arabidopsis thaliana transgenic lines generated by fusing the auxin-responsive DR5 and cytokinin-responsive ARR5 promoter to ß-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter were used to study the GUS expression analysis in humic acid treated seedlings. This study demonstrates that humic acid treatment improved the shoot and root growth of wheat seedlings. The expression of several genes involved in auxin (Tryptophan Aminotransferase of Arabidopsis and Gretchen Hagen 3.2) and cytokinin (Lonely Guy3) biosynthesis pathways were up-regulated in humic acid-treated seedlings compared to the control. Furthermore, GUS expression analysis showed that bioactive compounds of humic acid stimulate endogenous auxin and cytokinin-like activities. This study is the first report in which using ARR5:GUS lines we demonstrate the biostimulants activity of humic acid.
Uncovering genetic associations in the human diseasome using an endophenotype-augmented disease network
Authors: Woerner Jakob , Sriram Vivek , Nam Yonghyun , Verma Anurag , Kim Dokyoon 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMotivationMany diseases, particularly cardiometabolic disorders, exhibit complex multimorbidities with one another. An intuitive way to model the connections between phenotypes is with a disease-disease network (DDN), where nodes represent diseases and edges represent associations, such as shared single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), between pairs of diseases. To gain further genetic understanding of molecular contributors to disease associations, we propose a novel version of the shared-SNP DDN (ssDDN), denoted as ssDDN+, which includes connections between diseases derived from genetic correlations with intermediate endophenotypes. We hypothesize that a ssDDN+ can provide complementary information to the disease connections in a ssDDN, yielding insight into the role of clinical laboratory measurements in disease interactions.ResultsUsing PheWAS summary statistics from the UK Biobank, we constructed a ssDDN+ revealing hundreds of genetic correlations between diseases and quantitative traits. Our augmented network uncovers genetic associations across different disease categories, connects relevant cardiometabolic diseases, and highlights specific biomarkers that are associated with cross-phenotype associations. Out of the 31 clinical measurements under consideration, HDL-C connects the greatest number of diseases and is strongly associated with both type 2 diabetes and heart failure. Triglycerides, another blood lipid with known genetic causes in non-mendelian diseases, also adds a substantial number of edges to the ssDDN. This work demonstrates how association with clinical biomarkers can better explain the shared genetics between cardiometabolic disorders. Our study can facilitate future network-based investigations of cross-phenotype associations involving pleiotropy and genetic heterogeneity, potentially uncovering sources of missing heritability in multimorbidities.Availability and implementationThe generated ssDDN+ can be explored at https://hdpm.biomedinfolab.com/ddn/biomarkerDDN.
PyCoMo: a python package for community metabolic model creation and analysis
Authors: Predl Michael , Mießkes Marianne , Rattei Thomas , Zanghellini Jürgen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Summary
PyCoMo is a python package for quick and easy generation of genome-scale compartmentalized community metabolic models that are compliant with current openCOBRA file formats. The resulting models can be used to predict (i) the maximum growth rate at a given abundance profile, (ii) the feasible community compositions at a given growth rate, and (iii) all exchange metabolites and cross-feeding interactions in a community metabolic model independent of the abundance profile; we demonstrate PyCoMo’s capability by analysing methane production in a previously published simplified biogas community metabolic model.

Availability and implementation
PyCoMo is freely available under an MIT licence at http://github.com/univieCUBE/PyCoMo, the Python Package Index, and Zenodo.