bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Significance and implications of FHIT gene expression and promoter hypermethylation in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)
Authors: Mohammad Fozia , Pandith Arshad A. , Rasool Shayaq Ul Abeer , Guru Faisal R. , Qasim Iqbal , Geelani Sajad , Nisar Syed , Baba Shahid M. , Ganie Farooq A. , Kouser Safiya , Rasool Javid 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Fragile histidine triad (FHIT) has been documented to play a vital role in various cancers including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Keeping in view the plausible role of FHIT gene, we aimed to examine DNA promoter hypermethylation and mRNA expression in ALL cases in Kashmir (North India).

Methods
A total of 66 cases of ALL were analyzed for FHIT mRNA expression and promoter methylation by qRT-PCR and Methylation Specific-PCR (MS-PCR) respectively.

Results
FHIT mRNA expression showed significantly decreased expression in ALL cases with mean fold change of 9.24 ± 5.44 as compared to healthy controls (p = 0.01). The pattern of FHIT deregulation in ALL cases differed significantly between decreased and increased expression (p < 0.0001). A threefold decreased expression was observed in 75% of ALL cases than healthy controls (− 3.58 ± 2.32). ALL patients with FHIT gene promoter hypermethylation presented significantly higher in 80% (53/66) of cases (p = 0.0005). The association of FHIT gene hypermethylation and its subsequent expression showed FHIT mRNA expression as significantly lower in ALL cases with hypermethylation (p = 0.0008). B-ALL cases exhibited a highly significant association between the methylation pattern and its mRNA expression (p = 0.000). In low range WBC group, a significant association was found between increased expression (26%) of the cases and methylated (4%)/unmethylated group 86% (p = 0.0006).

Conclusion
The present study conclude that FHIT gene hypermethylation and its altered expression may be linked in the pathogenesis of ALL and provide an evidence for the role of FHIT in the development of ALL.
Fasting and fasting-mimicking conditions in the cancer immunotherapy era
Authors: Pio Ruben , Senent Yaiza , Tavira Beatriz , Ajona Daniel 
Published: April 2024

AbstractFasting and fasting-mimicking conditions modulate tumor metabolism and remodel the tumor microenvironment (TME), which could be exploited for the treatment of tumors. A body of evidence demonstrates that fasting and fasting-mimicking conditions can kill cancer cells, or sensitize them to the antitumor activity of standard-of-care drugs while protecting normal cells against their toxic side effects. Pre- and clinical data also suggest that immune responses are involved in these therapeutic effects. Therefore, there is increasing interest in evaluating the impact of fasting-like conditions in the efficacy of antitumor therapies based on the restoration or activation of antitumor immune responses. Here, we review the recent progress in the intersection of fasting-like conditions and current cancer treatments, with an emphasis on cancer immunotherapy.
Conservation features of the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula
Authors: Lee Jasmine R. , Shaw Justine D. , Ropert-Coudert Yan , Terauds Aleks , Chown Steven L. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractConserving landscapes used by multiple stakeholder groups requires understanding of what each stakeholder values. Here we employed a semi-structured, participatory approach to identify features of value in the terrestrial Antarctic Peninsula related to biodiversity, science and tourism. Stakeholders identified 115 features, ranging from Adélie penguin colonies to sites suitable for snowshoeing tourists. We split the features into seven broad categories: science, tourism, historic, biodiversity, geographic, habitat, and intrinsic features, finding that the biodiversity category contained the most features of any one category, while science stakeholders identified the most features of any stakeholder group. Stakeholders have overlapping interests in some features, particularly for seals and seabirds, indicating that thoughtful consideration of their inclusion in future management is required. Acknowledging the importance of tourism and other social features in Antarctica and ensuring their integration into conservation planning and assessment will increase the likelihood of implementing successful environmental management strategies into the future.
Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluation of a nanosponge formulation loaded with Boswellia carterii oil extracts for the enhanced anti-inflammatory activity for the management of respiratory allergies
Authors: Taleb Sally Abou , Ibrahim Bassant M. M. , Mohammed Mona A. , Yassen Noha Nazeeh , Hessin Alyaa Farouk , Gad Shaimaa Ali , Darwish Asmaa Badawy 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
In several nations, it has been known that Boswellia carterii (BC) plants have a long history of usage as an anti-inflammatory medicine. Our current study deals with the study of two different ways of extraction of BC volatile oil and fixed oil as main constituents (Octyl acetate, 46.46% and β-Boswellic acid, 10.21%, respectively), preparation, and evaluation of Nano sponges loaded with either dexamethasone (DEX) or B. carterii volatile/fixed oil mixture.

Methods
Nano sponges were created utilizing an ultrasound-assisted synthesis method. Using spectrophotometry, the entrapment efficiency (EE%) of drugs in Nano sponges was considered. Several techniques were used to characterize Nano sponges.

Results
EE% of drugs inside Nano sponges ranged from 99.15 ± 3.50 to 100% ± 4.76%. Particle size of Nano sponges ranged from 59.9 ± 26.3 to 229.2 ± 30.23 nm. Drugs released from Nano sponges bi-phasically according to Korsmeyer–Peppas model. The anti-inflammatory activity of either B. carterii oil mixture or Dexa salt and their Nano formulations (D4 and O1) in the treatment of respiratory allergy were evaluated in rat model mimicking chronic allergic respiratory diseases. Histopathologic examinations and measurement of Intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and Interleukin β4 (ILβ4) levels exposed that, the treatment significantly lowered the levels of the inflammatory biomarkers in treated rats and exhibited improved histopathologic profiles when compared to positive control group.

Conclusion
Boswellia oil and its Nano sponge formulation O1 as well as Dexa salt Nano sponge formulation D4 had promising therapeutic effects on upper and lower respiratory allergic conditions.
Feed optimization based on force modelling and TLBO algorithm in milling Al 7075
Authors: Elly Ogutu Isaya , Yang Yin 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAluminium alloys find wide applications in structural industries. They are only second to steel when it comes to their applications. Their wide application is due to their numerous good properties. They have a high resistance to corrosion and high fatigue strength. Their specific density, electrical and thermal properties make them stand out amongst many structural metals. Al 7075 is an alloy of aluminium in which zinc is the dominant alloying element. This alloy is in the 7xxx series of aluminium alloys, a series considered to be the strongest with yield strengths greater or equal to 500 Mpa. It, therefore, finds a wide application in aircraft structural components manufacturing and other areas where high strength is a critical property. Therefore, this paper focuses on the CNC milling process of aluminium 7075 to establish force components models and the optimal values for the critical process parameters. The work reported in this paper involved designing experiments and the development of force components and resultant force models from the experimentally acquired data. The models were validated, and their prediction ability was within the accepted range. The validated force component models were used to investigate the interaction effects of the process parameters on the respective force components. The resultant force model was eventually used as the objective function in the TLBO algorithm to acquire the optimal force and control parameters. After that, the optimal resultant force was used as a constraint parameter to demonstrate feed optimization relative to the other parameters.
Neophobia, sensory experience and child’s schemata contribute to food choices
Authors: Finistrella Viviana , Gianni Nicoletta , Fintini Danilo , Menghini Deny , Amendola Silvia , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Manco Melania 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
The aim of the present review is to analyze dynamic interactions between nutrigenomics, environmental cues, and parental influence, which can all lead to children’s neophobic reactions and its persistence in time.

Methods
We reviewed studies available on electronic databases, conducted on children aged from birth to 18 years. We also considered official websites of Italian Institutions, providing advice on healthy eating during infancy.

Results
Modern day societies are faced with an eating paradox, which has severe and ever-growing implications for health. In face of a wider availability of healthy foods, individuals instead often choose processed foods high in fat, salt and sugar content. Economic reasons surely influence consumers’ access to foods. However, there is mounting evidence that food choices depend on the interplay between social learning and genetic predispositions (e.g., individual eating traits and food schemata). Neophobia, the behavioral avoidance of new foods, represents an interesting trait, which can significantly influence children’s food refusal. Early sensory experiences and negative cognitive schemata, in the context of primary caregiver–child interactions, importantly contribute to the priming of children’s food rejection.

Conclusions
As neophobia strongly affects consumption of healthy foods, it will be relevant to rule definitively out its role in the genesis of maladaptive food choices and weight status in longitudinal studies tracking to adulthood and, in meanwhile, implement early in life effective social learning strategies, to reduce long-term effects of neophobia on dietary patterns and weight status.

Level of evidence
Level II, controlled trials without randomization.
Impact of Cosmetics and Cleansers in Atopic Dermatitis—How to Advise Patients
Authors: Marcelino João , Giménez-Arnau Ana M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose of Review
Atopic dermatitis (AD) or eczema is a frequent chronic inflammatory skin disease. Taking care of the eczematous skin is important to reduce the inflammation and return it to a healthier looking nourished skin. Beyond recommending topical anti-inflammatory drugs and the use of emollients, recommendations on the correct use of other everyday skin products, as cleansers or make-up products, are lacking.

Recent Findings
The dry, itchy, and inflamed eczematous skin causes anxiety, poor self-image, low self-esteem, decreased social skills, and an overall decrease in a patients’ quality of life. The use of make-up has been shown to ameliorate these impacts. Knowledge on the components of cosmetic products can help suit the products to an eczematous skin. Existing data identifies agents more likely to cause allergic contact dermatitis and shows how to identify cosmetics that follow the principles of “hurdle technology,” how rubbing during cleansing is a significant and previously unrecognized exacerbation factor, and how cleansers interact with eczematous skin. An adequate choice of all these products allows a patient to enjoy its benefits, while preserving a healthier skin.

Summary
Guiding healthcare professionals on the composition of the cosmetics used, avoiding products with high allergenic properties, identifying products that follow the principles of “hurdle technology,” and educating patients on the appropriate use of make-up and cleansing products have a positive impact on the care of atopic dermatitis and should be part of a holistic approach to a patient.

Key messages
- Adverse reactions to cosmetics can come from allergic sensitization or irritant stimuli (like the rubbing associated with washing the skin).
- Optimizing the composition of the cosmetics used is essential. Ideally, the patients should distinguish the multiple components of a cosmetic, identifying potential risks.
- Avoid products with high allergenic properties, like fragrances or preservatives. Select products which follow the principles of “hurdle technology”: sterile cosmetic technology, good manufacturing practices, appropriate packaging, emulsion form, water activity, and pH control.
- Appropriate use of make-up is important for better care and quality of life of AD patients. Guidance on their use and appropriate cleansing products and techniques are essential to prevent exacerbations.
An overall review on influence of root architecture on soil carbon sequestration potential
Authors: Srivastava R. K. , Yetgin Ali 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoil carbon sequestration is a vital ecosystem function that mitigates climate change by absorbing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Root characteristics such as depth, diameter, length, and branching pattern affect soil carbon dynamics through root-soil interactions and organic matter breakdown. Here we review field surveys, laboratory analysis, and mathematical modeling to understand how root structures affect soil carbon storage. Further, certain root features increase soil carbon sequestration, suggesting that selective breeding and genetic engineering of plants could maximize this ecological benefit. However, more research is needed to understand the complex interactions between roots, soil biota, and soil organic matter under changing environmental conditions. In addition, the benefit of climate change mitigation methods and soil carbon models from the inclusion of root architecture was reviewed. Studies in the realm of root-soil interactions encompass a variety of academic fields, including agronomy, ecology, soil science, and plant physiology. Insights into how roots interact with their soil environment and the effects of these interactions on plant health, agricultural productivity, and environmental sustainability have been gained through this research.
OBMI: oversampling borderline minority instances by a two-stage Tomek link-finding procedure for class imbalance problem
Authors: Leng Qiangkui , Guo Jiamei , Tao Jiaqing , Meng Xiangfu , Wang Changzhong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractMitigating the impact of class imbalance datasets on classifiers poses a challenge to the machine learning community. Conventional classifiers do not perform well as they are habitually biased toward the majority class. Among existing solutions, the synthetic minority oversampling technique (SMOTE) has shown great potential, aiming to improve the dataset rather than the classifier. However, SMOTE still needs improvement because of its equal oversampling to each minority instance. Based on the consensus that instances far from the borderline contribute less to classification, a refined method for oversampling borderline minority instances (OBMI) is proposed in this paper using a two-stage Tomek link-finding procedure. In the oversampling stage, the pairs of between-class instances nearest to each other are first found to form Tomek links. Then, these minority instances in Tomek links are extracted as base instances. Finally, new minority instances are generated, each of which is linearly interpolated between a base instance and one minority neighbor of the base instance. To address the overlap caused by oversampling, in the cleaning stage, Tomek links are employed again to remove the borderline instances from both classes. The OBMI is compared with ten baseline methods on 17 benchmark datasets. The results show that it performs better on most of the selected datasets in terms of the F1-score and G-mean. Statistical analysis also indicates its higher-level Friedman ranking.
Theoretical analysis of hydrogen solubility in direct coal liquefaction solvents
Authors: Zhang Xiaobin , Wang Aoqi , Wang Xingbao , Li Wenying 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe cyclic hydrogenation technology in a direct coal liquefaction process relies on the dissolved hydrogen of the solvent or oil participating in the hydrogenation reaction. Thus, a theoretical basis for process optimization and reactor design can be established by analyzing the solubility of hydrogen in liquefaction solvents. Experimental studies of hydrogen solubility in liquefaction solvents are challenging due to harsh reaction conditions and complex solvent compositions. In this study, the composition and content of liquefied solvents were analyzed. As model compounds, hexadecane, toluene, naphthalene, tetrahydronaphthalene, and phenanthrene were chosen to represent the liquefied solvents in chain alkanes and monocyclic, bicyclic, and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The solubility of hydrogen X (mol/mol) in pure solvent components and mixed solvents (alkanes and aromatics mixed in proportion to the chain alkanes + bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, bicyclic saturated aromatic hydrocarbons + bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons + compounds containing heteroatoms composed of mixed components) are determined using Aspen simulation at temperature and pressure conditions of 373–523 K and 2–10 MPa. The results demonstrated that at high temperatures and pressures, the solubility of hydrogen in the solvent increases with the increase in temperature and pressure, with the pressure having a greater impact. Furthermore, the results revealed that hydrogen is more soluble in straight-chain alkanes than in other solvents, and the solubility of eicosanoids reaches a maximum of 0.296. The hydrogen solubility in aromatic ring compounds decreased gradually with an increase in the aromatic ring number. The influence of chain alkanes on the solubility of hydrogen predominates in a mixture of solvents with different mixing ratios of chain alkanes and aromatic hydrocarbons. The solubility of hydrogen in mixed aromatic solvents is less than that in the corresponding single solvents. Hydrogen is less soluble in solvent compounds containing heteroatoms than in compounds without heteroatoms.
Conversion of Lithium Chloride into Lithium Hydroxide Using a Two-Step Solvent Extraction Process in an Agitated Kühni Column
Authors: Peeters Nand , Riaño Sofía , Binnemans Koen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA significant consequence of the green transition is the growing demand of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), as they are essential for electrical vehicles. In turn, the demand for the raw materials that are needed to produce LIBs is increasing. A common LIB cathode type for electrical cars is lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC). Since cobalt is currently considered as a critical raw material, nickel-rich NMC cathodes are now designed with lower cobalt contents. The synthesis of these new NMC types requires LiOH instead of Li2CO3, which was used for Co-richer NMC materials in the past. Most production routes of LiOH start from Li2CO3 or Li2SO4. However, LiCl could also be a potential precursor for LiOH, as it could be obtained from various lithium sources. A two-step solvent extraction process (SX) was developed for direct conversion of LiCl into LiOH, using a phenol (butylhydroxytoluene or BHT) and a mixture of quaternary ammonium chlorides (Aliquat 336) in an aliphatic diluent (Shellsol D70) as the solvent. The SX process was validated in counter-current mode using a rotary agitated Kühni extraction column. The use of a column instead of mixer-settlers reduced the CO2 uptake by the final product (LiOH), which prevented the partial conversion of LiOH to Li2CO3. A total of 75 L of LiCl feed solution was processed in the Kühni column to obtain a solution of LiOH with a final purity of more than 99.95%, at a yield of 96%.
Graphical Abstract
Enhancing physico-mechanical properties and thermal stability of geopolymer composites through nano-material incorporation
Authors: M.Khater Hisham , Gharieb Mahmoud 
Published: April 2024

AbstractInfluence of various types of nano powder on the physico-mechanical properties of geopolymer materials has been studied, in addition to studying their firing stability up to 1000 °C. Alumino–silicate materials used are kaolin, fired kaolin and lime stone. Materials prepared at water/binder ratios of 0.40; whereas the used equal volume of activator 5 M sodium hydroxide with liquid sodium silicate. Nano-kaolin admixed with Nano-powder as a partial replacement from metakaolin material. The control mixes incorporating either 7% Nano-glass or 5% Nano-silica fume. Nano-kaolin was partially replaced Nano-glass powder and Nano-silica fume. It is possible to use the mixes containing limestone and nano materials to solve the problem of using heat curing, thermal energy consumption and pollution by reducing the MK used for MK-geopolymer cement. Results indicated an enhancement in the physico-mechanical properties of mix incorporating 1: 6% and 2:3% of NK:N-glass and NK:N-silica fume, respectively. Firing of hardened geopolymer resulted in high thermal resistance up to 700 °C then exposed to decrease up to 1000 °C. However, no micro-cracks were noticed up to 800 °C for all samples as recorded by visual examination of the fired samples, while micro-cracks were recorded for hardened composites at 1000 °C.
Graphical Abstract
Fuelling entrepreneurial success: unravelling the nexus of financial resources, self-efficacy, outcome expectations and entrepreneurial intentions in Saudi micro and small enterprises
Authors: Alshebami Ali Saleh 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThis paper focuses on understanding how financial resources (FR) influence entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) and extrinsic outcome expectations (EOE). It also examines the influence of intrinsic outcome expectations (IOE) on ESE. This study further investigates the impact of ESE on entrepreneurial intention (EI) and EOE. At the same time, it examines how EOE influences EI among micro and small entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia. The study also analyses the ability of ESE and EOE to mediate in the different relationships of the study. The author collected a sample of 201 micro and small entrepreneurs operating in various locations in Saudi Arabia through a self-administered online questionnaire. The data analysis was executed using partial least squares-structural equation modelling. The study’s findings reported exciting results, indicating the presence of a positive and significant relationship between FR and ESE, as well as EOE. They also revealed the presence of a positive relationship between IOE and ESE. ESE also showed the ability to positively and significantly influence EI and EOE. Furthermore, the relationship between EOE and EI reported unexpected negative results. Concerning the mediation result, ESE proved to mediate the relationship between FR and EI, as well as that between IOE and EI. Finally, EOE was unable to mediate the relationship between FR and EI. This study provides specific recommendations and implications for policymakers to benefit from its outcomes.