bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Bone mineral density deficits in pediatric patients treated for sarcoma
Authors: Kaste Sue C. , Ahn Hyunah , Liu Tiebin , Liu Wei , Krasin Matthew J. , Hudson Melissa M. , Spunt Sheri L. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractBackgroundChildren treated for sarcoma are at risk of treatment‐associated deficits in bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated the severity of risk factors for BMD deficits in this patient population.ProcedureUsing signed‐rank test and logistic regression analysis, we retrospectively analyzed the relation of treatment variables and other potential risk factors to BMD (using quantitative computed tomography (QCT)) of 99 patients treated for pediatric sarcoma who had completed therapy at least 1 year previously.ResultsThe study group (38% rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS), 25% osteosarcoma (OS), 24% Ewing‐family tumors, and 12% non‐rhabdomyosarcoma soft‐tissue sarcoma (NRSTS)) represented 22% of the sarcoma survivors treated between 1982 and 2003 who remained in follow‐up at St. Jude. These patients underwent QCT between July 1, 1997 and February 5, 2003. Their median age was 8.7 years (range, 0.2–21.3 years) at diagnosis and 17.4 years (range, 3.3–30.2 years) at the time of BMD measurement; 58% were male and 82% Caucasian. Median BMD Z‐score was −0.75 (range, −3.33–3.02), and median BMD was 168.0 mg/cc (range, 89.2–264.8 mg/cc). Risk of BMD deficit increased significantly with younger age at diagnosis (P = 0.044) and higher cumulative cyclophosphamide dose (P = 0.007). Patients with lower extremity primary disease had a significantly lower risk of BMD deficits than others. We found no association between BMD and body habitus, primary disease, lifestyle factors, or endocrinopathy.ConclusionA significant subset of sarcoma survivors are at risk of BMD deficits warranting prospective study of BMD to verify our results and refine risk factors contributing to BMD deficits. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2008;50:1032–1038. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Investigation of liquid crystalline and photocrosslinkable poly[4‐x‐phenyl‐4′‐(m‐methacryloyloxyalkyloxy)cinnamate]s
Authors: Mohan Kumar Rajayyan , Balamurugan Rathinam , Kannan Palaninathan 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThree series of liquid‐crystalline‐cum‐photocrosslinkable polymers were synthesized from 4‐x‐phenyl‐4′‐(m‐methacryloyloxyalkyloxy)cinnamates (x = − H, OCH3 and CN; m = 6, 8 and 10) by free radical solution polymerization using azobisisobutyronitrile as an initiator in tetrahydrofuran at 60 °C. All the monomers and polymers were characterized using intrinsic viscosity, and FTIR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The liquid crystalline behavior of these polymers was examined using a hot stage optical polarizing microscope. All the polymers exhibited liquid crystalline behavior. The hexamethylene spacer‐containing polymers exhibited grainy textures; in contrast, the octamethylene and decamethylene spacer‐containing polymers showed nematic textures. Differential scanning calorimetry data confirmed the liquid crystalline property of the polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis revealed that all the polymers were stable between 236 and 344 °C in nitrogen atmosphere and underwent degradation thereafter. As the methylene chain length increases in the polymer side‐chain, the thermal stability and char yield of the polymers decrease. The photocrosslinking property of the polymers was investigated using the technique of exposing the polymer solution to UV light and using UV spectroscopy. The crosslinking reaction proceeds via 2π–2π cycloaddition reactions of the CHCHof the pendant cinnamate ester. The polymers containing electron‐releasing substituents (OCH3) showed faster crosslinking than the unsubstituted polymers and those containing electron‐withdrawing substituents (CN). Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure and properties of the polyelectrolyte complex of chitosan with poly(methacrylic acid)
Authors: Chen Shilan , Liu Mingzhu , Jin Shuping , Chen Yong 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe structure and properties of the polyelectrolyte complex composed of chitosan (CS) and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) were studied in aqueous solutions using UV‐visible transmittance measurements, a fluorescence probe technique, and transmission electron microscopy. The thermal properties of the solid complex were measured using differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the complex optimum molar ratio (in monomer unit) of CS to PMAA is 1:4 at pH = 4.0, that is, there is an optimum complex between CS and PMAA when the feed ratio (in molar monomer unit) of CS to PMAA is 1:4 and an ionic bond between the amino ion group and carboxylate group can be formed on average every four carboxylate (or carboxyl) groups. The conformation of PMAA changed from a hypercoiled to a loose coil on complexation, and the pH‐ and salt‐sensitive range of the polyelectrolyte complex was obviously different from that of CS or PMAA. The formation process of the complex under various external conditions is discussed in detail. Transmission electron microscopy revealed that the sizes of CS–PMAA complex particles increased with increasing pH or salt concentration, and a change in morphology of the complex was observed. Thermal analysis further revealed that there was a change of structure and properties on blending in aqueous solutions. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis, characterization and thermal dissociation of 2‐butoxyethanol‐blocked diisocyanates and their use in the synthesis of isocyanate‐terminated prepolymers
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Zaidi Javid H , Hussain Rizwan , Munir Arshad 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA series of blocked diisocyanates has been synthesized from toluene diisocyante (TDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 2‐butoxyethanol. The synthesis of blocked diisocyanate adducts was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared, 1H NMR, electron impact mass spectrometry and nitrogen analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and carbon dioxide evolution were used to determine the minimum de‐blocking temperatures. De‐blocking temperatures determined by these three techniques were found to be in the order DSC > TGA > CO2 evolution. The effect of different metal catalysts on thermal de‐blocking reaction of the blocked diisocyanates was studied, using the carbon dioxide evolution method. It was found that iron(III) oxide has the maximum catalytic activity on de‐blocking. The solubility of the blocked diisocyanate adducts was determined in different solvents. The study revealed that at 30 °C blocked IPDI and HDI adducts show better solubility than adducts based on TDI and MDI. Isocyanate‐terminated prepolymers of blocked diisocyanates and hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) were prepared. The storage stability and gelation times of the prepolymers were studied. Results showed that all the diisocyanate‐HTPB compositions are stable at 50 °C for more than three months. However, aliphatic diisocyanate‐HTPB compositions require greater gelation time than aromatic diisocyanate‐HTPB compositions at their respective de‐blocking temperatures. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Proteomic analysis of de‐etiolated rice seedlings upon exposure to light
Authors: Yang Pingfang , Chen Hui , Liang Yu , Shen Shihua 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTwo‐week‐old dark‐grown rice seedlings were de‐etiolated upon exposure to light. A comparison of 2‐DE protein profiles between the dark‐grown control and the rice seedlings illuminated respectively for 6, 12 and 24 h revealed 52 differentially expressed CBB‐stained spots. Of these changed spots, the identity of 51 protein spots was determined by MALDI‐TOF MS. Of these identified proteins, 13 proteins were related to light reactions of photosynthesis, photosynthetic carbon assimilation and chlorophyll biosynthesis, indicating the complex process of biogenesis of photosynthetic apparatus was correlated to the transition from a dark‐grown (etiolated) to a light‐grown (de‐etiolated) morphology. In addition, three proteins related to antioxidation and detoxification decreased in de‐etiolated rice seedlings implied, that the etiolated rice seedlings possibly be under an oxidative stress which could be released during their early stages of de‐etiolation. The increase of S‐adenosylmethionine synthetase that is involved in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene might contribute to the phenotypic development of the apical hook in the de‐etiolated rice seedlings. These results yield a comprehensive picture of the post‐transcriptional response for de‐etiolation of rice seedlings and serve as a basic platform for further characterization of gene function and regulation in light‐induced development of plants.
Proteome analysis of human androgen‐independent prostate cancer cell lines: Variable metastatic potentials correlated with vimentin expression
Authors: Wu Mingfu , Bai Xiangyang , Xu Gang , Wei Juncheng , Zhu Tao , Zhang Yongtao , Li Qiong , Liu Ping , Song Anping , Zhao Liangpin , Gang Chen , Han Zhiqiang , Wang Shixuan , Zhou Jianfeng , Lu Yunpin , Ma Ding 
Published: June 2007

AbstractTo better understand the molecular mechanisms of prostate cancer (PCA) dissemination and to develop new anti‐metastasis therapies, key regulatory molecules involved in PCA metastasis were identified in two human androgen‐independent PCA cell lines, highly metastatic 1E8‐H and lowly metastatic 2B4‐L cells. Through 2‐DE and MS analyses, 12 proteins with different expression levels in the two cell lines were identified. The following proteins were found to be significantly up‐regulated in 1E8‐H cells compared with 2B4‐L cells: gp96 precursor, calreticulin precursor, vimentin (VIM), Hsp90α, peroxiredoxin 2, HNRPH1, ezrin, T‐complex protein 1, alpha subunit, and hypothetical protein mln2339. In contrast, heart L‐lactate dehydrogenase H chain, annexin I, and protein disulfide isomerase were notably down‐regulated in 1E8‐H cells compared with 2B4‐L cells. To our knowledge, this study is the first to demonstrate that up‐regulation of VIM expression positively correlates with the invasion and metastasis of androgen‐independent PCA.
Qualitative and comparative proteomic analysis of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 17
Authors: Chung Wei‐Jen , Shu Hung‐Yu , Lu Chi‐Yu , Wu Chiu‐Yi , Tseng Yi‐Hsiung , Tsai Shih‐Feng , Lin Chao‐Hsiung 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (XCC) 17 is a local isolate that causes crucifer black rot disease in Taiwan. In this study, its proteome was separated using 2‐DE and the well‐resolved proteins were excised, trypsin digested, and analyzed by MS. Over 400 protein spots were analyzed and 281 proteins were identified by searching the MS or MS/MS spectra against the proteome database of the closely related XCC ATCC 33913. Functional categorization of the identified proteins matched 141 (50%) proteins to 81 metabolic pathways in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. In addition, we performed a comparative proteome analysis of the pathogenic strain 17 and an avirulent strain 11A to reveal the virulence‐related proteins. We detected 22 up‐regulated proteins in strain 17 including the degrading enzymes EngXCA, HtrA, and PepA, which had been shown to have a role in pathogenesis in other bacteria, and an anti‐host defense protein, Ohr. Thus, further functional studies of these up‐regulated proteins with respect to their roles in XCC pathogenicity are suggested.
Phosphoproteomics identified Endofin, DCBLD2, and KIAA0582 as novel tyrosine phosphorylation targets of EGF signaling and Iressa in human cancer cells
Authors: Chen Yunhao , Low Teck‐Yew , Choong Lee‐Yee , Ray Rajarshi Sankar , Tan Yee‐Ling , Toy Weiyi , Lin Qingsong , Ang Boon Keong , Wong Chee Hong , Lim Simin , Li Bin , Hew Choy‐Leong , Sze Newman Siu‐Kwan , Druker Brian J. , Lim Yoon‐Pin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractWith the completion of the human genome project, analysis of enriched phosphotyrosyl proteins from epidermal growth factor (EGF)‐induced phosphotyrosine proteome permits the identification of novel downstream substrates of the EGF receptor (EGFR). Using cICAT‐based LC‐MS/MS method, we identified and relatively quantified the tyrosine phosphorylation levels of 21 proteins between control and EGF‐treated A431 human cervical cancer cells. Of these, Endofin, DCBLD2, and KIAA0582 were validated to be novel tyrosine‐phosphorylation targets of EGF signaling and Iressa, a highly selective inhibitor of EGFR. In addition, EGFR activity was shown to be necessary for EGF‐induced localization of Endofin, an FYVE domain‐containing protein regulated by phosphoinositol lipid and engaged in endosome‐mediated receptor modulation. Although several groups have conducted phosphoproteomics of EGF signaling in recent years, our study is the first to identify and validate Endofin, DCBLD2, and KIAA0582 as part of a complex EGF phosphotyrosine signaling network. These novel data will provide new insights into the complex EGF signaling and may have implications on target‐directed cancer therapeutics.
The PSI formal document process and its implementation on the PSI website
Authors: Vizcaíno Juan Antonio , Martens Lennart , Hermjakob Henning , Julian Randall K. , Paton Norman W. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe Human Proteome Organisation's Proteomics Standards Initiative (HUPO‐PSI) has recently developed formal document processes for reviewing MIAPE documents, specifications, community practice and informational documents. These document workflows rely on community participation as well as more traditional expert review. We here present the web interface used to support these document processes, and explain briefly how interested parties can participate in the review process. The HUPO‐PSI website can be found at http://www.psidev.info.
Computational approach for identification and characterization of GPI‐anchored peptides in proteomics experiments
Authors: Omaetxebarria Miren J. , Elortza Felix , Rodríguez‐Suárez Eva , Aloria Kerman , Arizmendi Jesus M. , Jensen Ole N. , Matthiesen Rune 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGenes that encode glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins (GPI‐APs) constitute an estimated 1–2% of eukaryote genomes. Current computational methods for the prediction of GPI‐APs are sensitive and specific; however, the analysis of the processing site (ω‐ or omega‐site) of GPI‐APs is still challenging. Only 10% of the proteins that are annotated as GPI‐APs have the ω‐site experimentally verified. We describe an integrated computational and experimental proteomics approach for the identification and characterization of GPI‐APs that provides the means to identify GPI‐APs and the derived GPI‐anchored peptides in LC‐MS/MS data sets. The method takes advantage of sequence features of GPI‐APs and the known core structure of the GPI‐anchor. The first stage of the analysis encompasses LC‐MS/MS based protein identification. The second stage involves prediction of the processing sites of the identified GPI‐APs and prediction of the corresponding terminal tryptic peptides. The third stage calculates possible GPI structures on the peptides from stage two. The fourth stage calculates the scores by comparing the theoretical spectra of the predicted GPI‐peptides against the observed MS/MS spectra. Automated identification of C‐terminal GPI‐peptides from porcine membrane dipeptidase, folate receptor and CD59 in complex LC‐MS/MS data sets demonstrates the sensitivity and specificity of this integrated computational and experimental approach.
A novel method for analyzing phosphoproteins using SELDI‐TOF MS in combination with a series of recombinant proteins
Authors: Akashi Tetsuyuki , Yamori Takao 
Published: June 2007

AbstractA novel SELDI‐TOF MS‐based method for analyzing phosphoproteins was developed using a series of recombinant wild‐type and mutant ribosomal P2 proteins. We demonstrated that the phosphorylation status of the overexpressed proteins in cells was easily and rapidly confirmed using this method. The ribosomal P2 protein contained two phosphorylation sites, which were sequentially phosphorylated in vivo. We also quantitatively detected the phosphoprotein by using SELDI‐TOF MS.
Diagnostic biomarkers differentiating metastatic melanoma patients from healthy controls identified by an integrated MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry/bioinformatic approach
Authors: Matharoo‐Ball Balwir , Ratcliffe Lucy , Lancashire Lee , Ugurel Selma , Miles Amanda K. , Weston Daniel J. , Rees Robert , Schadendorf Dirk , Ball Graham , Creaser Colin S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractThe prognosis of advanced metastatic melanoma (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage IV) remains dismal with a 5‐year survival rate of 6–18%. In the present study, an integrated MALDI mass spectrometric approach combined with artificial neural networks (ANNs) analysis and modeling has been used for the identification of biomarker ions in serum from stage IV melanoma patients allowing the discrimination of metastatic disease from healthy status with high specificities of 92% for protein ions and 100% for peptide biomarkers. Our ANNs model also correctly classified 98% of a blind validation set of AJCC stage I melanoma samples as nonstage IV samples, emphasizing the power of the newly defined biomarkers to identify patients with late‐stage metastatic melanoma. Sequence analysis identified peptides derived from metastasis‐associated proteins; alpha 1‐acid glycoprotein precursor‐1/2 (AAG‐1/2) and complement C3 component precursor‐1 (CCCP‐1). Furthermore, quantitation of serum AAG by an immunoassay showed a significant (p<0.001) increase in AAG serum concentration in stage IV patients in comparison with healthy volunteers; moreover; the quantity of AAG plotted against MALDI‐MS peak intensity classified the groups into two distinct clusters. Ongoing studies of other disease stages will provide evidence whether our strategy is sufficiently robust to give rise to stage‐specific protein/peptide signatures in melanoma.
On the Oxidation and Combustion of AlH3 a Potential Fuel for Rocket Propellants and Gas Generators
Authors: Weiser Volker , Eisenreich Norbert , Koleczko Andreas , Roth Evelin 
Published: June 2007

AbstractAluminum hydride is a promising candidate for application in energetic materials and hydrogen storages. E.g. an AP/HTPB rocket propellant filled with alane was calculated for a 100 N s kg−1 higher specific impulse compared to the same concentration of aluminum. Different investigations on α‐AlH3 polyhedra using thermoanalytical methods and X‐ray diffraction were performed to receive a better understanding of dehydration at about 450 K, passivation of the remaining porous aluminum particles and further oxidation. A modeling approach to describe these conversions including diffusion processes, Avrami‐Erofeev mechanism and Arrhenius type reaction steps of n‐th order were introduced. Results were discussed in comparison to experimental investigations under pressure with model propellants on the base of gelled pure nitromethane and also filled with alane or pure aluminum in concentrations of 5%, 10% and 15%. Both alane and aluminum increase the burning rate on a factor of two correlated with a temperature increase up to 500 K and more. A mesa burning effect at 6 to 10 MPa was indicated by the mixtures with alane.
The Interaction between Otto Fuel II and Aqueous Hydroxylammonium Perchlorate (HAP), Part III: Depletion of Components within the Reacting Liquids
Authors: Bellerby John M. , Blackman Christopher S. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractGas chromatography (GC) with a Flame Ionisation Detector (FID) has been used to determine changes in the concentrations of the components of Otto Fuel II (OF) in contact with an 82% aqueous solution of hydroxylammonium perchlorate (HAP) in sealed vials at 31.7 °C during the period leading up to auto‐ignition of the two liquids. The concentration of hydroxylamine in HAP was monitored over the same period using a titration method. It was found that 2‐nitrodiphenylamine (2NDPA), the stabiliser in the OF, is completely consumed after about 65–70 h and that the concentration of hydroxylamine begins to fall at this point. 1,2‐Propanediol dinitrate (propylene glycol dinitrate, PGDN), the energetic component in the OF, is not depleted significantly until after about 90 h. The evolution of nitrous oxide (N2O) between 65 and 90 h is attributed to the reaction of the hydroxylammonium ion with nitrous acids produced by PGDN decomposition at the liquid‐liquid interface. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is evolved after ~ 90 h and is attributed to PGDN decomposition. HAP and PGDN are each thought to contribute to N2O evolution after ~ 90 h.
Synthesis and Characterization of 3,4,5‐Triamino‐1,2,4‐Triazolium 5‐Nitrotetrazolate
Authors: Darwich Chaza , Klapötke Thomas M. , Welch Jan M. , Suceska Muhamed 
Published: June 2007

Abstract3,4,5‐Triamino‐1,2,4‐triazolium 5‐nitrotetrazolate (2) was synthesized in high yield from 3,4,5‐triamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (guanazine) (1) and ammonium 5‐nitrotetrazolate. The new compound 2 was characterized by vibrational (IR and Raman) and multinuclear NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C, 15N), elemental analysis and single crystal X‐ray diffraction (triclinic, P(‐1), a=0.7194(5), b=0.8215(5), c=0.8668(5) nm, α=75.307(5), β=70.054(5), γ=68.104(5)°, V=0.4421(5) nm3, Z=2, ϱ=1.722 g cm−1, R1=0.0519 [F>4σ(F)], wR2(all data)=0.1154). The 15N NMR spectrum and X‐ray crystal structure (triclinic, P‐1, a=0.5578(5), b=0.6166(5), c=0.7395(5) nm, α=114.485(5)°, β=90.810(5)°, γ=97.846(5)°, V=0.2286(3) nm3, Z=2, ϱ=1.658 g cm−1, R1=0.0460 [F>4σ(F)], wR2(all data)=0.1153) of 1 were also determined.
Shock Desensitization Effect in the Confined Explosive Component Water Gap Test Defined by the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4363
Authors: Lefrançois Alexandre S. , Lee Ronald S. , Tarver Craig M. 
Published: June 2007

AbstractIn an effort to extend the modified explosive component water gap test [1–3] defined by the NATO standardization agreement (STANAG) 4363, several countries have investigated the shock sensitiveness of confined lead and booster components having a diameter less than 5 mm [4–8]. A pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) based acceptor pellet is chosen as a reference with a height and diameter of 3 mm. The height of the steel confinement is equal to the one of the HE pellet and the wall thickness varies. A 1‐mm thick wall makes the component more sensitive (larger water gap). As the wall thickness is increased to 2‐mm, the gap increases a lesser amount. A decrease in sensitivity is observed with a 3.5 mm thick wall (smaller water gap). This decrease of the water gap has been reproduced experimentally. This unusual behavior remains puzzling and does not allow the test to be extended for small components. This work presents the numerical simulations performed with LS‐Dyna in 2D axi‐symmetrical and 3D wedge configurations, using an ignition and growth model [9] for LX‐16 (96% PETN, 4% FPC 461) in order to evaluate the shock sensitiveness for a confined HE acceptor.