bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology of periodontal status in dentate adults in France, 2002–2003
Authors: Bourgeois D. , Bouchard P. , Mattout C. 
Published: March 2007

Background and Objective:  Few recent nationwide studies of the periodontal landscape in European countries have been developed from the point of view of attachment loss and pocket depth. Decision makers are not always in a position to estimate the burden of periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and the oral distribution of periodontal status among dentate adults in the general population of France.Material and Methods:  In 2002–2003, a National Periodontal and Systemic Examination Survey was organized to a stratified quota sample of 2144 adults, aged 35–64 years, nationwide. Participants with six or more teeth were selected from the Health Examination Centers of the National Health Insurance. Measurement of periodontal health was assessed by clinical attachment level and probing depth.Results:  A total of 95.40% and 82.23% of adults were found to have clinical attachment loss and periodontal pockets, respectively. Population prevalence estimates indicated that loss of attachment ≥ 5 mm is 46.68% and probing depth (> 5 mm) is 10.21%. However, clinical attachment loss of ≥ 5 mm occurred in only 0.88 sites in an individual. Periodontal depth pocket generalized forms were as follows: 78% slight, 18% moderate and 4% severe. Multiple logistic regression analyses showed significant differences of attachment loss values between types of tooth (molar, incisors, canines, or premolars).Conclusion:  Based on the International Classification of Periodontal Diseases, ≈ 50% of adults in France may suffer from a severe attachment loss problem. Periodontal pockets are an uncommon condition in France. Significant differences in the prevalence of loss of attachment and probing depth with respect to location of attack have implications in the purchase and development of screening and treatment services.
A pilot (real‐life) randomised clinical evaluation of a pain‐relieving foam dressing: (ibuprofen‐foam versus local best practice)
Authors: Sibbald R Gary , Coutts Patricia , Fierheller Marjorie , Woo Kevin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe aim of the study was to evaluate a novel foam dressing with continuous low‐level release of ibuprofen (Biatain‐Ibu foam dressing, Coloplast A/S, Humlebaek, Denmark) in persons with leg ulcers compared to local best practice. An open comparative and prospective block‐randomised study of 24 patients was conducted in a Canadian wound clinic. Twelve patients were randomised to ibuprofen–foam and 12 patients to local best practice. The study population consisted of patients with chronic, painful exudating leg ulcers. The patients rated their wound pain intensity at baseline and after the first dressing application. Pain intensity in the morning and evening was rated during a period of 1 week using a numeric box scale (NBS). A t‐test compared the main differences in pain intensity and a five‐point verbal rating scale measured the patients’ pain relief. At the last clinical visit, pain after dressing change was assessed using an NBS. In addition, wound size, percentage of healthy granulation tissue and the presence of peri‐ulcer erythema, were (all) evaluated at inclusion and the end of the study. The nurses and patients both evaluated the relative dressing performance and exudate management at the last study visit. This study demonstrates that the ibuprofen–foam dressing decreased wound pain in patients with leg ulcers compared to best practice. The ibuprofen–foam dressing was associated with: diminished chronic pain between dressing changes, reduced acute pain at dressing change, increased healthy granulation tissue, decreased peri‐wound erythema and excellent exudate handling capacity. It can be concluded from the results of the study that the combination of foam with a continuous low‐dose release of ibuprofen may offer a valuable new therapeutic approach to the reduction of wound pain.
Less pain with Biatain–Ibu: initial findings from a randomised, controlled, double‐blind clinical investigation on painful venous leg ulcers
Authors: Gottrup Finn , Jørgensen Bo , Karlsmark Tonny , Sibbald R Gary , Rimdeika Rytis , Harding Keith , Price Patricia , Venning Vanessa , Vowden Peter , Jünger Michael , Wortmann Stephan , Sulcaite Rita , Vilkevicius Gintaris , Ahokas Terttu‐Liisa , Ettler Karel , Arenbergerova Monika 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix out of 10 patients with chronic wounds suffer from persistent wound pain. A multinational and multicentre, randomised, double‐blind clinical investigation of 122 patients compared two moist wound‐healing dressings, a non adhesive foam dressing with ibuprofen (62 patients randomised to Biatain‐Ibu non adhesive, Coloplast A/S) with a non adhesive foam without ibuprofen (60 to Biatain non adhesive).The ibuprofen‐foam was regarded successful, if the pain relief on a 5‐point verbal rating scale was higher than the comparator without compromising safety, including appropriate healing rate. Additional endpoints were change in persistent wound pain between dressing changes and pain at dressing change on days 1–5 and days 43–47. The primary response variable, persistent pain relief, was significantly higher in the ibuprofen‐foam group compared with the comparator on days 1–5, with a quick onset of action (P < 0·05). The patients in the ibuprofen‐foam group had a significant (P < 0·05) higher reduction in the persistent wound pain from baseline (40%) as the comparator (30%). Women reported less pain intensity than men, and pain intensity decreased with increasing age. In addition, pain intensity increased with increasing initial pain intensity and increasing wound size. Wound healing was similar in the ibuprofen‐foam group to that of the comparator group. No difference in adverse events between placebo and local sustained release of low‐dose ibuprofen was observed in this study. This study has demonstrated that the ibuprofen‐foam dressing provided pain relief and reduced pain intensity without compromising healing or other safety parameters. The full report of this study will be published in Wound Repair and Regeneration.
Modulation of expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger in heart of rat and mouse under stress
Authors: Hudecova S. , Kubovcakova L. , Kvetnansky R. , Kopacek J. , Pastorekova S. , Novakova M. , Knezl V. , Tarabova B. , Lacinova L. , Sulova Z. , Breier A. , Jurkovicova D. , Krizanova O. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim:  The Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) is a major Ca2+ extrusion system in the plasma membrane of cardiomyocytes and an important component participating on the excitation–contraction coupling process in muscle cells. NCX1 isoform is the most abundant in the heart and is known to be changed after development of ischaemia or myocardial infarction. Objective of this study was to investigate the effect of stress factors (immobilization, cold and short‐term hypoxia) on the expression of NCX1, in vivo, in the heart of rat and mouse.Methods:  We compared gene expression and protein levels of control and stressed animals. The activity of NCX was measured by the whole cell configuration using the patch clamp. We also measured physiological parameters of the heart in physiological conditions and under ischaemia‐reperfusion to compare response of control and stressed hearts.Results:  We have found that only strong stress stimulus (hypoxia, immobilization) applied repeatedly for several days elevated the NCX1 mRNA level. Cold, which is a weaker stressor that activates mainly sympathoneural, and only marginally adrenomedullary system did not affect the gene expression of NCX1. Thus, from these results it appears that hormones produced by the adrenal medulla (mainly adrenaline) might be involved in this process. To study possible mechanism of the NCX1 regulation by stress, we focused on the possible role of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenocortical pathway in the activation of catecholamine synthesis in the adrenal medulla. We have already published that cortisol affects activity, but not the gene expression of NCX1. In this work, we used corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH) knockout mice, where secretion of corticosterone and subsequently adrenaline is significantly suppressed. As no increase in NCX1 mRNA was observed in CRH knockout mice due to immobilization stress, we proposed that adrenaline (probably regulated via corticosterone) is involved in the regulation of NCX1 gene expression during stress.Conclusions:  The gene expression and protein levels of the NCX1 are increased by the strong stress stimuli, e.g. hypoxia, or immobilization stress. The activity of NCX1 is decreased. Based on these results, we assume that the gene expression of NCX is increased as a consequence of suppressed activity of this transport system.
Enhanced β‐adrenergic response in rat papillary muscle by inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase after myocardial infarction
Authors: Pinto V. D. , Cutini G. J. S. , Sartório C. L. , Paigel A. S. , Vassallo D. V. , Stefanon I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim:  Myocardial infarction (MI) induces a progressive ventricular remodelling leading to a contractility depression. During the acute phase of MI inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and nitric oxide (NO) production increases in the heart. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of iNOS in the left ventricular contractility at 3 days after MI.Methods:  Wistar rats were divided into: sham operated (SHAM, n = 23), infarction (INF, n = 18); sham operated plus the iNOS inhibitor, S‐methylisothiourea (SMT) 5 mg kg−1 day−1, i.p. treatment (SHAM‐SMT, n = 26) and infarction plus SMT (INF‐SMT, n = 22). Concentration–response curves for isoprenaline, Ca2+ and frequency–force curve were studied in isolated papillary muscle from left ventricle.Results:  After 3 days infarct area was similar between groups. SMT treatment reduced the time to peak tension during frequency–force curve in the infarct group (SHAM = 63 ± 3; SHAM‐SMT = 71 ± 3; INF = 90 ± 4; INF‐SMT = 79 ± 4 ms, P < 0.05) and increased the maximal response to isoprenaline (SHAM = 0.93 ± 0.11; SHAM‐SMT = 1.13 ± 0.1; INF =0.84 ± 0.16; INF‐SMT = 1.49 ± 0.15 g mm−2, P < 0.05). The response to Ca2+ was equally reduced in the INF and INF‐SMT groups. SMT treatment did not change the reduced post‐rest potentiation performed by INF group, but attenuated the plasma nitrite and nitrate (NOx) levels in the INF group without any haemodynamic effect.Conclusion:  These finding suggest that at 3 days after MI the iNOS modulates the isolated papillary muscle response to isoprenaline and its inhibition improves the β‐adrenergic inotropic responses.
Skeletal muscle fatty acid transporter protein expression in type 2 diabetes patients compared with overweight, sedentary men and age‐matched, endurance‐trained cyclists
Authors: Pelsers M. M. A. L. , Tsintzas K. , Boon H. , Jewell K. , Norton L. , Luiken J. J. F. P. , Glatz J. F. C. , Van Loon L. J. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAim:  Membrane fatty acid transporters can modulate the balance between fatty acid uptake and subsequent storage and/or oxidation in muscle tissue. As such, skeletal muscle fatty acid transporter protein expression could play an important role in the etiology of insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes.Methods:  In the present study, fatty acid translocase (FAT/CD36), plasma membrane‐bound fatty acid‐binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport protein 1 (FATP1) mRNA and protein expression were assessed in muscle tissue obtained from 10 sedentary, overweight type 2 diabetes patients (60 ± 2 years), 10 sedentary, weight‐matched normoglycemic controls (60 ± 2 years) and 10 age‐matched, endurance trained cyclists (57 ± 1 years).Results:  Both FAT/CD36 and FATP1 mRNA and protein expression did not differ between groups. In contrast, FABPpm mRNA and protein expression were approx. 30–40% higher in the trained men compared with the diabetes patients (P < 0.01) and sedentary controls (P < 0.05).Conclusions:  Skeletal muscle FAT/CD36, FABPpm and FATP1 mRNA and protein expression are not up‐ or downregulated in a sedentary and/or insulin resistant state. In contrast, FABPpm expression is upregulated in the endurance trained state and likely instrumental to allow greater fatty acid oxidation rates.
Increased TFF1 trefoil protein expression in Opisthorchis viverrini‐associated cholangiocarcinoma is important for invasive promotion
Authors: Thuwajit Peti , Chawengrattanachot Watinee , Thuwajit Chanitra , Sripa Banchob , May Felicity E. B. , Westley Bruce R. , Tepsiri Nisana N. , Paupairoj Anucha , Chau‐in Siri 
Published: March 2007

Aims:  Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a poor prognosis cancer that presents with metastatic disease. This cancer expresses MUC5AC, a mucin which normally co‐expresses with trefoil factor family 1 (TFF1) protein. TFF1 is a signalling protein that can activate epithelial cell invasion and has been considered as a metastasis stimulating agent. The aim of this study was to determine the co‐expression of TFF1 and MUC5AC in CCA tissues and examine the activity of TFF1 for stimulating the invasive property of CCA cell lines.Methods:  In this study, TFF1 and MUC5AC were detected in CCA tissues by using immunohistochemistry. The correlations of both proteins expression with clinical data were analyzed. The activity of TFF1 was investigated using an in vitro invasion assay with established CCA cell lines KKU‐100 and KKU‐M213.Results:  We demonstrated a high level of expression of TFF1 in 91.80% of CCA that is associated with a high level of co‐expression with MUC5AC in 80.33% of cases. In vitro invasion assay showed that both cell lines have similar responses to TFF1 that could act as both a chemokinetic and chemotactic agent. The dose‐response curves were bell‐shaped.Conclusion:  TFF1 showed co‐expression with MUC5AC in CCA tissues and invasive stimulating activity in vitro. These results may indicate a role for TFF1 in promoting tumor invasion in CCA.
Impaired cytotoxic T lymphocyte inductivity by dendritic cells derived from patients with hepatitis C virus‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Ohno Tomoyoshi , Hirashima Noboru , Orito Etsuro , Hasegawa Izumi , Fujiwara Kei , Itoh Kiyoaki , Ozasa Atsushi , Shinkai Noboru , Tanaka Yasuhito , Kato Takanobu , Ueda Ryuzo , Sakakibara Kenji 
Published: March 2007

Aim:  Peptide‐based therapeutic vaccines are being developed. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of immunotherapy to hepatitis C virus (HCV)‐positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by assessing the inductivity of peptide‐specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) by dendritic cells.Methods:  The inductivity of CTL was characterized in six patients with HCV‐positive HCC, and compared to seven healthy volunteers and six patients with chronic HCV hepatitis (control).Results:  Peptide‐specific CTL was comparably induced in controls, but not induced in any patients with HCC. To characterize this, the cytokine profile and the expression of surface molecules interacting between dendritic and T cells were evaluated. Among the cytokines, production of interferon (IFN)‐γ was found to be impaired and closely related to the results of CTL assays, while the expression of surface molecules showed no significant changes.Conclusions:  In HCV‐positive HCC patients, CTL inductivity by dendritic cells is impaired. This may be related to the impaired production of IFN‐γ.
Amniotic epithelial cell–derived cholangiocytes in experimental cholestatic ductal hyperplasia
Authors: Moritoki Yuki , Ueno Yoshiyuki , Kanno Noriatsu , Yamagiwa Yoko , Fukushima Koji , Gershwin M. Eric , Shimosegawa Tooru 
Published: March 2007

Aim:  Bile duct paucity, ductopenia, is a feature of end‐stage chronic cholangiopathies such as primary biliary cirrhosis. The limited proliferative ability of cholangiocytes after specific injury is thought to be the principal cause of ductopenia, although the detailed mechanisms involved are unclear. It has been reported that human amniotic epithelial cells (AEC) express differentiation markers of hepatic parenchymal cells, suggesting a resemblance of AEC to hepatic progenitor cells. The aim of the present study was to develop a mouse model of experimental cholestasis to assess the capability of mouse AEC to trans‐differentiate into cholangiocytes.Methods:  Enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)‐transgenic C57BL/6 pregnant female mice were used as the source of AEC. At 11.5 gestational days, 1 × 105 AEC were isolated from EGFP‐transgenic mouse embryos and transferred into C57BL/6 mice. Chronic cholestasis was induced by 0.1%α‐naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) feeding immediately after the transfer of AEC. The proliferation of cholangiocytes in the livers was assessed morphologically and immunohistochemically (cytokeratin 7; CK7). The proliferative activity was also quantified immunohistochemically by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) protein expression. EGFP of transferred AEC was confirmed by fluorescent laser microscopy and immunofluorescent staining for EGFP. Also, Notch2 and Hes1 expression was evaluated to examine the roles of the differentiation markers in this process.Results:  Marked proliferation of cholangiocytes was observed in ANIT‐fed mice confirmed by quantitative CK7 (3–4 fold vs control) and PCNA (11–20 fold vs control) staining. EGFP and CK7 double positive cells in interlobular bile ducts were confirmed in the livers of AEC‐transferred recipients. Positivity of EGFP was further confirmed by the immunofluorescent staining for EGFP. Moreover, both Notch2 and Hes1 expression was confirmed in the proliferative bile duct in this model.Conclusions:  Significant ductular proliferation was observed in ANIT‐fed mice. EGFP‐positive cholangiocytes were confirmed in this chronic cholestasis model. AEC transfer was able to contribute to the repopulating of proliferating cholangiocytes under cholestasis, suggesting AEC might be a candidate cell source for stem cell administration in future clinical applications to re‐model interlobular bile ducts.
Effect of smoking regulations in local restaurants on smokers’ anti-smoking attitudes and quitting behaviours
Authors: Albers Alison B , Siegel Michael , Cheng Debbie M , Biener Lois , Rigotti Nancy A 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To examine the effect of smoking regulations in local restaurants on anti-smoking attitudes and quitting behaviours among adult smokers.Design:Hierarchical linear modelling (HLM) was used to assess the relationship between baseline strength of town-level restaurant smoking regulation and follow-up (1) perceptions of the social acceptability of smoking and (2) quitting behaviours.Setting:Each of the 351 Massachusetts towns was classified as having strong (complete smoking ban) or weak (all other and no smoking restrictions) restaurant smoking regulations.Subjects:1712 adult smokers of Massachusetts aged ⩾18 years at baseline who were interviewed via random-digit-dial telephone survey in 2001–2 and followed up 2 years later.Main outcome measures:Perceived social acceptability of smoking in restaurants and bars, and making a quit attempt and quitting smoking.Results:Among adult smokers who had made a quit attempt at baseline, living in a town with a strong regulation was associated with a threefold increase in the odds of making a quit attempt at follow-up (OR = 3.12; 95% CI 1.51 to 6.44). Regulation was found to have no effect on cessation at follow-up. A notable, although marginal, effect of regulation was observed for perceiving smoking in bars as socially unacceptable only among smokers who reported at baseline that smoking in bars was socially unacceptable.Conclusions:Although local restaurant smoking regulations did not increase smoking cessation rates, they did increase the likelihood of making a quit attempt among smokers who had previously tried to quit, and seem to reinforce anti-social smoking norms among smokers who already viewed smoking in bars as socially unacceptable.
Does smoking increase sick leave? Evidence using register data on Swedish workers
Authors: Lundborg Petter 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To examine the effect of smoking on sick leave.Methods:Nationally representative data on 14 272 workers aged 16–65 years from the 1988–91 waves of the Swedish Survey of Living Conditions were used for the analyses. The data are linked to register-based data, on the annual number of absences due to sickness, from the National Board of Social Insurance. As outcome variable, the annual number of days of sick leave was used. This outcome was analysed as a function of smoking status and an extensive number of control variables, including occupational risk factors, work characteristics and health status.Results:Smoking was found to increase the annual number of days of absence by 10.7 compared with never smoking. Controlling for risk factors at work, and thereby accounting for some of the selection of smokers into riskier jobs, reduced the effect to 9.7 days, corresponding to 38% of all annual absences due to sickness. Moreover, controlling for health status further reduced the effect of smoking to 7.7 days. The effect of smoking on sick leave was similar for men and women.Conclusions:Smoking showed a large positive effect on the annual number of sick leaves. Hence, the results suggest that the gains to preventing and/or reducing smoking, in terms of reduced production losses, may be large. However, since the large effect of smoking persists when controlling for a range of health factors and occupational factors, the results also suggest that much of the higher number of absences among smokers may be explained by factors other than reduced health. The estimates should be viewed as upper bounds of the effect of smoking on sick leave, since smoking is potentially an endogenous variable.
Nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of three potential reduced exposure products, moist snuff and nicotine lozenge
Authors: Kotlyar Michael , Mendoza-Baumgart M Irene , Li Zhong-ze , Pentel Paul R , Barnett Brianne C , Feuer Rachel M , Smith Erin A , Hatsukami Dorothy K 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To compare nicotine pharmacokinetics and subjective effects of three new smokeless tobacco potential reduced exposure products (PREPs; Ariva, Revel and Stonewall) with moist snuff (Copenhagen) and medicinal nicotine (Commit lozenge).Methods:10 subjects completed a randomised, within-subject, crossover study. Subjects used one product for 30 min at each of the five laboratory sessions. Maximal nicotine concentration (Cmax) was determined and area under the concentration time curve (AUC) was calculated for a 90-min period (during use and 60 min after use). Nicotine craving, withdrawal symptoms and ratings of product effects and liking were measured during product use.Results:Nicotine AUC and Cmaxwere higher for Copenhagen than for any other product (p<0.002) and higher for Commit than for either Ariva or Revel (p<0.001). Cmaxfor Commit was also higher than for Stonewall (p = 0.03). Craving was lowest during use of Copenhagen (p<0.03). Craving during use of Stonewall, Ariva and Commit was lower than during use of Revel (p<0.05). Withdrawal symptom score during use of Copenhagen was lower than during use of Revel (p = 0.009). Copenhagen scores were higher (p<0.005) than all other products in several measures of drug effects and liking (feel good effects, satisfaction, liking and desire for product, and strength of product).Conclusion:The new smokeless tobacco PREPs result in lower nicotine concentrations and equivalent or lower reductions in subjective measures compared with medicinal nicotine. Since health effects of PREPs are largely unknown, medicinal nicotine should be preferentially encouraged for smokers or smokeless tobacco users wishing to switch to lower-risk products.