bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Duodenal Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex in Patients 5 Years or More after Pylorus‐preserving Gastrectomy for Early Gastric Cancer
Authors: Tomita Ryouichi , Koshinaga Tugumichi , Ikeda Taro , Fujisaki Shigeru , Tanjoh Katsuhisa 
Published: July 2006

AbstractBackgroundWe investigated the relationship between interdigestive migrating motor complex, phase III (IMMC‐pIII) and postoperative quality of life (QOL) in pylorus‐preserving gastrectomy (PPG) patients.Materials and MethodsA total of 40 patients (26 men and 14 women; average age 59.4 years) 5 to 7.5 years after PPG for early gastric cancer (Billroth I) (average 6 years and 3 months) were divided into two groups according to the occurrence of IMMC‐pIII from the duodenum, and their postoperative quality of life (QOL) was compared.ResultsAs for appetite, “No change compared with before operation” was significantly more frequent in the IMMC‐pIII positive group compared with the negative group (P = 0.0002). Food consumption per meal compared with normal; “80% or more” was significantly more frequent in the IMMC‐pIII positive group than the negative group (P = 0.0002). Body weight loss during 5 years after surgery; “6 kg or more” was significantly more frequent in the IMMC‐pIII negative group than the positive group (P = 0.0002). Early dumping symptoms did not occur in any patients of either group. Reflux esophagitis and nausea; no patients in the IMMC‐pIII positive group experienced these symptoms, which was significantly different from the negative group (P = 0.0018). Abdominal pain occurred but was significantly less frequent in the IMMC‐pIII positive group than in the negative group (P = 0.0023). Epigastric fullness occurred but was less frequent in the IMMC‐pIII positive group compared with the negative group (P < 0.0001). Gastric stasis of the remnant stomach was significantly more frequent in the IMMC‐pIII negative group than in the positive group (P < 0.0001). Gholelithiasis was significantly more frequent in the IMMC‐pIII negative group than in the positive group (P = 0.0119).ConclusionsThese results showed more satisfactory QOL in the IMMC‐PIII positive group than in the negative group.
Subpolar North Atlantic Circulation at 9300 yr BP: Faunal Evidence
Authors: Ruddiman W.F. , Glover L.K. 
Published: July 2006

We have examined the circulation of the subpolar North Atlantic at 9300 yr BP by using a dispersed layer of silicic volcanic ash as a synchronous horizon. At the level of this datum, we have reconstructed from foraminiferal evidence a geologically synoptic view of seasonal variations in sea-surface temperatures and salinities. The reconstruction defines two oceanic fronts at 9300 yr BP: (1) the meridionally oriented Polar Front bordering the axis of deglacial outflow of Arctic and Laurentide ice and meltwater and (2) a zonal portion of the Subarctic Convergence along 48° N, marking a major confluence between the subtropical and subpolar gyres. The 9300-yr configuration primarily differed from the modern pattern in the more easterly position (by 3°) of the Polar Front and the more southerly (3°) and easterly (5°) position of the Subarctic Convergene. Both fronts had been merged at 18,000 yr BP into the full-glacial Polar Front; at 9300 yr BP, they were approaching the end of a northwestward deglacial retreat toward the modern interglacial positions.There were two dominant departures at 9300 yr BP from the Earth's modern configuration, both related to deglaciation: the very large Laurentide Ice Sheet still covering eastern North America to 48° N, and the region of cold Arctic/Laurentide deglacial outflow. These two features caused: a more easterly position than now of the region of upper air divergence and lower air convergence downstream from the Ice Sheet and meltwater outflow; a more intense expression of this upper air divergence and lower air convergence over the central portion of the subpolar North Atlantic; and a latitudinally more stable axis of convergence of surface westerlies over this region. These factors apparently caused the stronger oceanic convergence along 48°N than at present. They also created a stronger, southeastward-directed wind drift current, which opposed the meridional (northward) flow typical of the present interglaciation.
Vegetation and Associated Environments during the past 14,000 years near Moulton Pond, Maine
Authors: Davis Ronald B. , Bradstreet Theodore E. , Stuckenrath Robert , Borns Harold W. 
Published: July 2006

Pollen influx and percentage diagrams were prepared from an 11.4 m core from Moulton Pond, Maine. The pond basin was deglaciated about 14,000 y. a., after which it was located on an island in a sea of subarctic character until about 12,400 y. a. when the surrounding area emerged from the sea. The terrestrial vegetation was tundra until about 10,000 y. a. A change in the tundra vegetation is synchronous with the emergence from the sea, but synchroneity with the Pineo Ridge glacial readvance, which reached its maximum 50 km to the east of the pond about 12,700 y. a., is also possible because of imprecision in the dating. Comparisons of the Moulton Pond results with late-glacial pollen sequences elsewhere in eastern United States and adjacent Canada reveal a lack of synchroneity in vegetational changes casting doubt on claims of major broad-scale climatic shifts over the entire area.The tundra period at Moulton Pond ended with a transition of a few hundred years to partly open, relatively xeric forests of low diversity dominated by white pine, oak, and birch trees. There was no intervening boreal forest. In the postglacial period the vegetation was continually changing, including in the early portion a series of immigrations of temperate tree taxa which later became important in the forests. The transient nature of these assemblages is further indicated by their differences from the closest modern analogs. From about 7100 y. a. until settlement by Europeans 200 y. a., the forests were closed. A major decline of conifers centering about 4700 y. a. was followed by maxima of mesic hardwoods about a thousand years later. In the most recent 2000 yr, the pollen record suggests greater environmental severity, evidenced by increasing spruce. But for the entire postglacial period, the closest modern vegetational analogs are all in the conifer-hardwood region. Much of the postglacial pollen sequence is inexplicable in climatic terms, as evidenced by nonsynchronous behavior of hemlock and beech.The pollen influx diagram is useful for distinguishing tundra from forest, but for the postglacial period it is difficult to interpret. Pollen influx data are strongly affected by shifts in the pattern of sedimentation in lakes. We propose that such shifts account for the major changes in influx in mid- and late-postglacial time at Moulton Pond and at Rogers Lake, Connecticut. This complicates the interpretation of influx data which otherwise are superior to percentage data.
Postglacial Diatom Stratigraphy of Kirchner Marsh, Minnesota
Authors: Brugam Richard B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractFossil diatom assemblages from a 12-m core from Kirchner Marsh were compared with modern surface assemblages from 159 Minnesota and Labrador lakes using cluster analysis. The deepest levels of the core (spruce pollen zone 13,000 to 10,200 yr B.P.) resemble modern diatom assemblages from deep oligotrophic lakes of northeastern Minnesota. Diatom assemblages of the pine pollen zone (about 10,200 to 9500 yr B.P.) have few modern analogs. In the oak zone (9500 yr B.P. to present) after a brief pulse of diatom species indicative of eutrophication, the assemblages are dominated by species characteristic of shallow lakes, suggesting a drop in the lake water level during the prairie period (5500 to 7500 yr B.P.). Macrofossil data of W. A. Watts and T. C. Winter (1966,Geological Society of America Bulletin77, 1339–1360) show that this shift to shallow-water diatoms occurred when aquatic macrophytes appeared at the site in abundance.
Emergent Littoral Deposits in the Eastern Canary Islands
Authors: Meco Joaquin , Stearns Charles E. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractK-Ar ages (A. Abdel-Monem, P. D. Watkins, and P. W. Gast, 1971, American Journal of Science 271, 490–521; this paper) and revised paleontological determinations (J. Meco, 1977, “Los Strombus neogenos y cuatenarios del Atlantico euroafricano”, Las Palmas, Ediciones del Excmo. Cabildo Insular de Gran Canaria) show that “Quaternary” (R. Crofts, 1967, Quaternaria 9, 247–260; G. Lecointre, K. J. Tinkler, and G. Richards, 1967, Academy of Natural Science of Philadelphia Proceedings 119, 325–344) littoral deposits on Lanzarote and Fuerteventura are early Pliocene and late Pleistocene. Early and middle Pleistocene strand lines are not represented. Early Pliocene littoral and marine deposits contain a characteristic fossil assemblage: Strombus coronatus, Nerità emiliana, Gryphaea virleti, Patella cf. intermedia, and Rothpletzia rudista. Differences in elevation record differential post-Pliocene uplift of the coastal platforms on which they lie. Late Pleistocene beach deposits at low elevations belong to two groups, an older with Strombus bubonius and a younger without. Differences in elevation of early Pliocene littoral deposits are reflected by differences in elevation of late Pleistocene beach deposits nearby.
A Postglacial Coleopterous Assemblage from Lockport Gulf, New York
Authors: Miller Randy F. , Morgan Alan V. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe Lockport Gulf site near Lockport, New York, is a 1.9-m sequence of organic-rich marls having a basal date of approximately 10,920 yr B.P. Six bulk samples with a combined weight of 48 kg produced over 780 individual fossil insects representing five orders, as well as molluscs and abundant plant macrofossils. Coleoptera were represented by 24 families. Several major beetle groups (Carabidae, ground beetles; Hydrophilidae, water scavenger beetles; Elmidae, riffle beetles; Staphylinidae, rove beetles; and Scolytidae, bark beetles) indicate a riffle-and-pool stream, surrounded by marsh, with open riparian habitats and nearby trees. Two zones were recognized based on the Coleoptera assemblages. The Zone 1 fauna (ca. 10,920–9800 yr B.P.) was dominated by boreal forest taxa with abundant bark beetles indicating the presence of spruce trees. In Zone 2 (ca. 9700-9100 yr B.P.) the combination of species with a restricted modern distribution in the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Forest region and pine and deciduous tree inhabitants suggests a change in vegetation by 9700 yr B.P. Thermal estimates from a faunal analysis indicate that the climatic conditions were stable across the spruce-pine transition, with the mean July temperature in the range of 16° to 18°C.
Geochronology of a Rich Early Pleistocene Vertebrate Fauna, Leisey Shell Pit, Tampa Bay, Florida
Authors: Webb S.D. , Morgan G.S. , Hulbert R.C. , Jones D.S. , MacFadden B.J. , Mueller P.A. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractLeisey Shell Pit, on the southeastern edge of Tampa Bay, has produced the largest early Pleistocene vertebrate fauna in North America, consisting of about 30,000 cataloged specimens. The predominantly terrestrial and freshwater vertebrate fauna was transported into an estuarine environment during a regressive phase in an otherwise marine, bay-bottom sequence of sandy shell beds. The biochronological age of the Leisey Shell Pit local fauna is late Sappan (or late early Irvingtonian) based on the presence of such mammalian species as Mammuthus meridionalis and Smilodon gracilis, the absence of any Blancan holdovers, and early records of Lutra, Nothrotheriops, Palaeolama, and a new small glyptodont. Magnetostratigraphy indicates that the entire Pleistocene section at Leisey is reversed and thus presumably accumulated in the post-Olduvai part of the Matuyama Magnetochron (i.e., 1.66 myr or younger). Strontium isotope ratios (87Sr/86Sr) sampled from aragonitic bivalve shells (Chione cancellata) trend higher with increasing height in the section, yielding a mean age estimate for the two major bone beds of 1.7 ± 0.35 myr. In combination, these three geochronologic methods provide a high-resolution approach toward age determination and delimit the age of Leisey Shell Pit local fauna as between 1.66 and 1.4 myr.
Reinterpretation of Pingos in Antarctica
Authors: Fitzsimons Sean J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractIn 1983 pingos were reported in the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. The features form dome-shaped hills up to 4 m high and 12 m in diameter and occur on an ice-cored moraine. Their form, structure, and sedimentary processes observed on the surface of the moraine, together with a consideration of the environmental requirements for pingo growth preclude their origin as pingos. They appear to be residual landforms that have formed on the surface of the moraine as the ice core has been destroyed by ablation and thermal erosion. The previous interpretation of the features has relied on the shape of the hills and their occurrence in a similar geologic setting to pingos in the Northern Hemisphere. The interpretation appears to have misinterpreted tension cracks and coherent slumping of sediment as dilation cracks and as evidence for the extrusion of a central sediment plug. Pingos on supraglacial debris have not been described from any other locations and it seems that their formation is inconsistent with the ablation of the ice core of moraines.
Reconnaissance Thermoluminescence Dating of Northern Australian Coastal Dune Systems
Authors: Lees Brian G. , Yanchou Lu , Head John 
Published: July 2006

AbstractQuaternary lithostratigraphic units in coastal dunes have been dated at three locations in northern Australia, Cobourg Peninsula, Shelburne Bay, and Cape Flattery, by both radiocarbon dating of shell and organic carbon and thermoluminescence (TL) sediment dating. Both coarse fraction and fine fraction TL methods were used. Seventeen TL dates were measured. None of the TL dates contradict the ages given by radiocarbon. Where multiple TL dates were taken from a unit, they overlap within 2 standard deviation giving added confidence in the results. A phase of dune emplacement during the late Holocene (ca. 2700-1800 yr B.P.) was identified in two of the dune-fields, an early Holocene phase of dune emplacement (ca. 8600-7500 yr B.P.) in two of the dune-fields, and a late Pleistocene episode (ca. 24,000–17,000 yr B.P.) in both the Cape York dunefields. Three older units gave dates of about 29,000, 81,000, and 171,000 yr B.P., but these must be treated with caution.
Evidence for a Holocene High Sea-Level Stand, Vanua Levu, Fiji
Authors: Miyata Takao , Maeda Yasuo , Matsumoto Eiji , Matsushima Yoshiaki , Rodda Peter , Sugimura Arata , Kayanne Hajime 
Published: July 2006

AbstractTwo distinct elevations of emerged notches can be recognized on the southeastern coast of Vanua Levu: the higher notch is +2.22 to +3.30 m above low-tide level and the lower +1.52 to +1.65 m above low-tide level. Many emerged Holocene corals encrust higher notch floors and benches or occur as microatolls and from these radiocarbon ages ranging from 6000 to 3400 yr B.P. were obtained. The higher notches are significantly higher than present high-tide level, even allowing for relative tectonic uplift. This is supported by elevations of emerged microatolls and their 14C ages. Thus, mean sea level of the mid-Holocene was higher than that at present.
Chronology of Holocene vertebrate extinction in the Galápagos Islands
Authors: Steadman David W. , Stafford Thomas W. , Donahue Douglas J. , Jull A. J. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractEleven conventional and 15 AMS (accelerator mass spectrometer) radiocarbon dates establish chronologies for nine Holocene vertebrate fossil sites in the Galápagos Islands, Ecuador. A Holocene fossil record approaching 500,000 bones, more than 90% of which predate the arrival of people, shows that most or all cases of extinction or extirpation in the Galápagos occurred after first human contact in AD 1535. This is especially significant for two species of large rodents (Megaoryzomys spp.) that are known only from bones found in lava tubes. The highest rate of background (prehuman) extinction interpreted from the Galápagos fossil record is probably hundreds of times less than the modern rate of human-related extinction.
A Quantitative Assessment of the Arabian Sea Sediment Record Using GCM Simulated Upwelling
Authors: Bigg Grant R. , Jiang Dongxiang , Mitchell John F. B. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA general circulation model (GCM) of the ocean is used to study the effects of changes in the monsoon winds of present day and 9000 yr B.P. on the upwelling in the Arabian Sea. The vertical transport from the ocean GCM is used as a measure of upwelling strength to assess the relative abundance of Globigerina bulloides at present and 9000 yr B.P., during the climatic optimum. The high abundance of G. bulloides at 9000 yr B.P. is probably a result of a doubling of the vertical transport at that time.
Magnetomineralogy and Revised Excursions for the Last Interglacial-Glacial Cycle in the Grande Pile Lacustrine Sequence, France
Authors: Ellingsen Kari Lise , Løvlie Reidar , Seret Guy 
Published: July 2006

AbstractA paleomagnetic record for the Grande Pile lacustrine sequence deposited during the last interglacial-glacial cycle has been constructed based on continuous sampling (n = 792) of a 15-m-long oriented core (GPXX). The NRM intensity, magnetic susceptibility, and saturation isothermal remanent magnetization show pronounced variations related to the climatic zonations in the sequence. The stratigraphic consistency of the paleomagnetic directions vary considerably due to variations in signal/noise ratios. Paleosecular variation patterns occur throughout most of the core, as well as several zones of inferred geomagnetic excursions. The application of magnetic fabric (AMS) shows that some apparent Lanterne (Weichselian) excursions reside in deformed sediments, while anomalous paleomagnetic directions in the 70,000 to 120,000 yr B.P. time interval appear in sediments with low signal/noise ratios and a high degree of compaction. The signature is hence not likely to reflect genuine records of geomagnetic field variations in these levels. Discrepancies between the magnetostratigraphy of GPXX and a previously investigated core implies that the earlier claimed regional correlations based on the paleomagnetic signature of low intensity levels should be critically reassessed. The Grande Pile sequence is not regarded as a magnetostratigraphic standard for the last interglacial-glacial cycle.
Trends in cannabis use prior to first presentation with schizophrenia, in South-East London between 1965 and 1999
Authors: BOYDELL J. , VAN OS J. , CASPI A. , KENNEDY N. , GIOUROUKOU E. , FEARON P. , FARRELL M. , MURRAY R. M. 
Published: July 2006

Background. There is evidence that cannabis use might be relevant to the aetiology of schizophrenia. We aimed to measure any change in cannabis use over time in those first presenting with schizophrenia in South-East London from 1965 to 1999, and compare this with change in use in those presenting with non-psychotic psychiatric disorders.Method. The rate of cannabis use in the year prior to first ever presentation was measured over seven time periods. Logistic regression modelling was used to determine (a) whether cannabis use changed over time, after controlling for age, sex and ethnicity, and (b) whether there was an interaction between diagnosis and time.Results. Cannabis use increased over time in both the schizophrenia group [odds ratio per time period (OR) 2·03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1·74–2·38, p<0·0001] and the non-psychotic disorders group (OR 1·24, 95% CI 1·05–1·47, p=0·012), after controlling for age, sex and ethnicity. However, the effect of time was significantly greater in the schizophrenia group than in the non-schizophrenia group (χ2=17, p<0·0001).Conclusion. Cannabis use in the year prior to presentation with schizophrenia increased markedly between 1965 and 1999, and disproportionately so compared to increase in cannabis use in other psychiatric disorders.
The feasibility of reintroducing Wild Boar (Sus scrofa) to Scotland
Authors: LEAPER R. , MASSEI G. , GORMAN M. L. , ASPINALL R. 
Published: July 2006

AbstractThe feasibility of reintroducing Wild Boar Sus scrofa to Scotland was investigated using the predictions of a Geographical information System (GIS) and a Population Viability Analysis (PVA). In the first stage of this study we summarized information from published literature on the biology, habitat requirements, home range use and population densities of Wild Boar, and using a GIS we identified four suitable sites of significant size, all located in Highlands. In the second stage we used a Population Viability Analysis (RAMAS/age), parameterized with published information on survival and fecundity of European Wild Boar populations, to calculate the number of animals required in a ‘release population’ if it were to survive on average 50 years. At the two largest sites that we considered, a release population of 50 animals would be likely to produce a viable population. The study concluded that biologically, the reintroduction of the Wild Boar is possible. However, a complementary study examining both the environmental and the potential wider ecological and socio‐economic impacts of Wild Boar will be required before reintroduction is seriously considered.
A Wel(l)come development: research funders and open access
Authors: Pinfield Stephen 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThis paper discusses the implications of the Wellcome Trust agreement with Blackwell, OUP, and Springer in which authors of accepted papers are able to pay an open‐access publication charge to make their article freely available online. In bringing together flexible licence terms and clear funding streams, the agreement has the potential to be used as a way of migrating towards possible new business models for journal publishing. It also has the potential, if implemented more widely, to deliver greater open access in such a way as to work in the interests of a broad range of stakeholders.
The first comprehensive Chinese university journal published in English: the Tsing Hua Journal
Authors: Li Zhang , Yuan Yao , Fenglian Zhang , Wentao Du 
Published: July 2006

ABSTRACTThe Tsing Hua Journal sponsored by Tsing Hua University is investigated by reading, comparing, and analysing original literature about it. It is concluded that it was the first English‐language journal of natural science and social science published by a Chinese university. The early establishment of an editorial department, of exchange with European and American journals, and of its inclusion of abstracts of foreign papers, demonstrate its international aims. Through its parallel Chinese‐ and English‐language versions it aimed to achieve an exchange of knowledge between China and the West.