bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A glimpse into your vision
Authors: Gonzalez Andino Sara L. , Grave de Peralta Rolando , Khateb Asaid , Pegna Alan J. , Thut Gregor , Landis Theodor 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInvasive recordings of local field potentials (LFPs) have been used to “read the mind” of monkeys in real time. Here we investigated whether noninvasive field potentials estimated from the scalp‐recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) using the ELECTRA source localization algorithm could provide real‐time decoding of mental states in healthy humans. By means of pattern recognition techniques on 500‐ms EEG epochs, we were able to discriminate accurately from single trials which of four categories of visual stimuli the subjects were viewing. Our results show that it is possible to reproduce the decoding accuracy previously obtained in animals with invasive recordings. A comparison between the decoding results and the subjects' behavioral performance indicates that oscillatory activity (OA), elicited in specific brain regions) codes better for the visual stimulus category presented than the subjects' actual response, i.e., is insensitive to voluntary or involuntary errors. The identification of brain regions participating in the decoding process allowed us to construct 3D‐functional images of the task‐related OA. These images revealed the activation of brain regions known for their involvement in the processing of this type of visual stimuli. Electrical neuroimaging therefore appears to have the potential to establish what the brain is processing while the stimuli are being seen or categorized, i.e., concurrently with sensory‐perceptual processes. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of PCA and ICA of simulated ERPs: Promax vs. infomax rotations
Authors: Dien Joseph , Khoe Wayne , Mangun George R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIndependent components analysis (ICA) and principal components analysis (PCA) are methods used to analyze event‐related potential (ERP) and functional imaging (fMRI) data. In the present study, ICA and PCA were directly compared by applying them to simulated ERP datasets. Specifically, PCA was used to generate a subspace of the dataset followed by the application of PCA Promax or ICA Infomax rotations. The simulated datasets were composed of real background EEG activity plus two ERP simulated components. The results suggest that Promax is most effective for temporal analysis, whereas Infomax is most effective for spatial analysis. Failed analyses were examined and used to devise potential diagnostic strategies for both rotations. Finally, the results also showed that decomposition of subject averages yield better results than of grand averages across subjects. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Interparticipant correlations: A model free FMRI analysis technique
Authors: Hejnar Martin P. , Kiehl Kent A. , Calhoun Vince D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFMRI analysis techniques can be broadly divided into model based and data driven techniques. The most widely used approach assumes an explicit temporal hemodynamic model based upon the experimental paradigm. Such an approach has proven very useful and powerful even though it is limited by the accuracy of the prespecified model. An alternative approach is to use data driven techniques like independent component analysis or fuzzy cluster analysis. These approaches have proven useful for exploratory analysis in a multivariate sense; however, they can present additional difficulties in the interpretation of the results. An alternative to these approaches is to take advantage of similarities in the patterns of the hemodynamics between participants [i.e., interparticipant correlation (IPC)]. This FMRI analysis technique enjoys the parsimony of the general linear model (GLM) but does not assume a specific FMRI time course. The technique consists of calculating voxel‐wise correlations between participants resulting in IPC maps, which indicate the activated regions the participants have in common. We applied the IPC approach to data collected from healthy controls in an auditory oddball task. As expected, high inter‐participant correlations were detected in auditory cortical regions in the temporal lobes where highest correlations were evident. In addition, areas that appear to be involved in the task were detected using IPC's but not the GLM regression. This technique, designed to have increased sensitivity to inter‐subject correlations that are not necessarily task‐related, may potentially be useful as a compliment to model‐based approaches. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Taxing working memory with syntax: Bihemispheric modulations
Authors: Santi Andrea , Grodzinsky Yosef 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivated by claims that relegate the syntactic functions of Broca's region to working memory (WM) and not to language‐specific mechanisms, we conducted an fMRI and an aphasia study that featured two varieties of intrasentential dependency relations: One was syntactic movement (e.g.,Which boy does the girl think◂examined Steven?), the other was antecedent–reflexive binding (e.g.,Jill thinks the boy examined himself). In both, WM is required to link two nonadjacent positions. Syntactically, they are governed by distinct rule systems. In health, the two dependencies modulated activity in distinct brain regions within the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left middle temporal gyrus. Binding uniquely modulated activation in the right frontal lobe. Receptive abilities in brain damaged patients likewise distinguished among these syntactic types. The results indicate that sentence comprehension is governed by syntactically carved neural chunks and provide hints regarding a language related region in the right hemisphere. Hum Brain Mapp 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Assessing drainage water reuse options in Bojili Irrigation District, Shandong
Authors: Minhas P. S. , Tyagi N. K. , Gupta S. K. , Dong K. L. , Cai L. G. , Pereira L. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFor assessing the potential and need to reuse surface drainage and groundwater for sustainable crop production in the Shandong province of the Yellow River basin, inventories were made on the quality of alternative sources of irrigation and on the yields achieved by farmers using those waters for irrigation. Drainage and groundwater quality (EC < 2 dS m−1) in most parts of Huimin and Yangxin counties favors their use for irrigation but there can be some limitations in Wudy as the salinity increases towards the sea. Yield–soil salinity functions were developed for both maize and wheat; for the latter, functions depend upon the number of irrigations applied. Simulations using the SWAP model showed that yields of wheat and maize could be sustained with the reuse of drainage water having a salt content up to 4 mg cm−3. There is a clear benefit from using drainage water for the last two wheat irrigations relative to deficit irrigation despite water salinity. Monsoon rainfall should help to maintain a favorable salt balance, thus to avoid salt build‐up along the soil profile. Results indicate that the reuse of drainage waters offers opportunities for improving irrigation water management in wheat for areas facing water shortage. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of chemicals on root intrusion into subsurface drip emitters
Authors: Suarez‐Rey Elisa M. , Choi Christopher Y. , McCloskey William B. , Kopec David M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRoot intrusion into emitters poses a threat to the long‐term success of subsurface drip irrigation systems, particularly in fibrous‐rooted crops. Bermudagrass was grown in a greenhouse to examine the effectiveness of chemicals in preventing root intrusion into subsurface drip emitters in two‐year, two‐part experiments. During the first year of study, two acids, sulfuric and phosphoric, and two pre‐emergence herbicides, trifluralin and thiazopyr, were tested on bermudagrass grown in small pots. As an initial step for the emitter clogging experiment, the first‐year experiment focused on the effectiveness of the chemicals in preventing overall root growth in pots saturated with either trifluralin or thiazopyr. Only thiazopyr significantly inhibited root growth, and visual quality of shoot growth in the thiazopyr‐treated pots was lower than the observed quality in the rest of the treatments and in non‐treated bermudagrass. During the second year, nine treatments were prepared based on the first‐year study, and were examined for control of root intrusion into actual subsurface drip emitters. Emitters were completely free of roots with thiazopyr treatment at the highest concentration, and with the trifluralin‐impregnated emitter treatment under water stress. Root and rhizome growth was generally unaffected by treatment. As expected, shoot visual quality was lowest in the thiazopyr treatments. Nevertheless, it met the minimum quality standard. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination and sensitivity analysis of dispersion parameters for solute transport in soils
Authors: Kerkides P. , Argyrokastritis I. , Psychoyou M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAnalytical solutions to the problem of solute transport in soils are presented for simple one‐dimensional cases. A model from the literature, determining transport parameters by employing a nonlinear least‐squares inversion method, is evaluated as to its reliability in producing the correct set of parameters. A sensitivity analysis of the parameters is also performed and some useful conclusions, about the reliability of the numerical code, are drawn. On the basis of theoretical analysis, an application is attempted for simple cases of one‐dimensional solute transport in soils. Comments concerning the sampling design for the parameters' estimation are also added. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Composites of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) and the surface modified carbonated hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Hong Zhongkui , Zhang Peibiao , Liu Aixue , Chen Li , Chen Xuesi , Jing Xiabin 
Published: November 2006

AbstractTo improve the mechanical properties of the composites of poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA, LA/GA = 80/20) and the carbonate hydroxyapatite (CHAP) particles, the rice‐form or claviform CHAP particles with 30–40 nm in diameter and 100–200 nm in length were prepared by precipitation method. The uncalcined CHAP particles have a coarse surface with a lot of global protuberances, which could be in favor of the interaction of the matrix polymer to the CHAP particles. The nanocomposites of PLGA and surface grafted CHAP particles (g‐CHAP) were prepared by solution mixing method. The structure and properties of the composites were subsequently investigated by the emission scanning electron microscopy, the tensile strength testing, and the cell culture. When the contents of g‐CHAP were in the range of 2–15 wt %, the PLGA/g‐CHAP nanocomposites exhibited an improved elongation at break and tensile strength. At the 2 wt % content of g‐CHAP, the fracture strain was increased to 20% from 4–5% for neat PLGA samples. Especially at g‐CHAP content of 15 wt %, the tensile strength of PLGA/g‐CHAP composite was about 20% higher than that of neat PLGA materials. The tensile moduli of composites were increased with the increasing of filler contents, so that the g‐CHAP particles had both reinforcing and toughening effects on the PLGA composites. The results of biocompatibility test showed that the higher g‐CHAP contents in PLGA composite facilitated the adhesion and proliferation properties of osteoblasts on the PLGA/g‐CHAP composite film. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Energy absorption characterization of human enamel using nanoindentation
Authors: He Li Hong , Swain Michael V. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEnamel is a natural composite, which has much higher toughness than its major component, crystalline hydroxyapatite. In this study, the energy absorption behavior of human sound enamel was investigated with nanoindentation techniques. A UMIS nanoindenter system as well as a Berkovich and two spherical indenters with nominal tip radii of 5 and 20 μm were used to indent enamel at different loading forces in the direction parallel to enamel prisms. Inelastic energy dissipation versus depth of indenter penetration (U%–hp curve) as well as a function of indentation strain (U%–ε curve) of enamel was determined. Enamel showed much higher energy absorption capacity than a ceramic material with equivalent modulus (fused silica). Even at the lowest forces (1 mN) for the 20 μm indenter, inelastic response was found. Additional tests done at different force loading rates illustrated that load rate has little influence on P–h response of enamel. The top surface of enamel has the plastic work of indentation of ∼5.2 nJ/μm3. The energy absorbing ability is influenced by the very small protein rich component that exists between the hydroxyapatite nanocrystals as well as within the sheath structure surrounding the enamel rods. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Influence of the activator in an acrylic bone cement on an array of cement properties
Authors: Lewis Gladius , Xu Jie , Deb Sanjukta , Lasa Blanca Vázquez , Román Julio San 
Published: November 2006

AbstractIn all but one of the acrylic bone cement brands used in cemented arthroplasties, N,N‐dimethyl‐4‐toluidine (DMPT) serves as the activator of the polymerization reaction. However, many concerns have been raised about this activator, all related to its toxicity. Thus, various workers have assessed a number of alternative activators, with two examples being N,N‐dimethylamino‐4‐benzyl laurate (DMAL) and N,N‐dimethylamino‐4‐benzyl oleate (DMAO). The results of limited characterization of cements that contain DMAL or DMAO have been reported in the literature. The present work is a comprehensive comparison of cements that contain one of these three activators, in which the values of a large array of their properties were determined. These properties range from the setting time and maximum exotherm temperature of the curing cement to the variation of the loss elastic modulus of the cured cement with frequency of the applied indenting force in dynamic nanoindentation tests. The present results, taken in conjunction with those presented in previous reports by the present authors and co‐workers on other properties of these cements, indicate that both DMAL and DMPT are suitable alternatives to DMPT. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Preparation and preliminary characterization of concentric multi‐walled chitosan microspheres
Authors: Chang Shwu Jen , Niu Gregory Cheng‐Chie , Kuo Shyh Ming , Chen Shu Fen 
Published: November 2006

AbstractChitosan was first converted into micro‐droplets by using a high voltage electrostatic field system. The droplets were then dropped into a series of Na5P3O10/NaOH solution mixtures with volume ratio of 17:3, 19:1, 1:0 (pure aqueous Na5P3O10) or 0:1 (pure aqueous NaOH) in order to fabricate chitosan microspheres with different membrane structures. The microspheres exhibit distinct chemical and physical properties, including release behaviors of encapsulated drugs. These chitosan microspheres prepared by this method exhibited good sphericity within the range of (286.6 ± 15.9) to (356 ± 9.5) μm in diameters. SEM observations have indicated that the chitosan microspheres exhibited distinct surface structures depending on the post‐treatment solutions. The mechanical strength of the chitosan microspheres significantly improved upon treatment with Na5P3O10/NaOH solution at ratio of 17:3 (v/v), as compared with the same but at ratio of 19:1, 1:0 (pure Na5P3O10) and 0:1 (pure NaOH) solutions. In addition, chitosan microspheres with unique multi‐walled concentric shell membrane structures were prepared by treating with Na5P3O10/NaOH solution at ratio of 19:1. Release studies were carried out to evaluate the kinetic profiles of two model drugs (5‐fluorouracil and cytochrome C) from these prepared chitosan microspheres. When chitosan microspheres treated with Na5P3O10/NaOH ratio at 17:3, the release of cytochrome C was found to be the slowest as compared to those treated by the same Na5P3O10/NaOH solution of other mixing ratios, after a period of 35‐day “endurance” test. However, in one case, 5‐fluorouracil released quite quickly in a period of 30 min (about 80% completion). The wide range of drug release results might be attributed to the unique and wide range of surface characteristics, porosities, and various structures of chitosan microspheres upon treatment with Na5P3O10/NaOH solutions. These results indicate that, by adjusting the Na5P3O10/NaOH ratios, without extra manipulation on polymer material formulation, one could obtain an additional degree of freedom in drug release profile that permits the simultaneous regulation of morphologies of surface texture and internal structure, mechanical properties, and molecular permeability of the microspheres. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2007
Mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36 delays cell cycle progression in association with p53 modification and p21WAF1/CIP1 expression
Authors: Chen Yeong‐Chang , Chang Meng‐Ya , Shiau Ai‐Li , Yo Yi‐Te , Wu Chao‐Liang 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRibosomal biogenesis is correlated with cell cycle, cell proliferation, cell growth and tumorigenesis. Some oncogenes and tumor suppressors are involved in regulating the formation of mature ribosome and affecting the ribosomal biogenesis. In previous studies, the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L41 was reported to be involved in cell proliferation regulating through p21WAF1/CIP1 and p53 pathway. In this report, we have identified a mitochondrial ribosomal protein S36 (mMRPS36), which is localized in the mitochondria, and demonstrated that overexpression of mMRPS36 in cells retards the cell proliferation and delays cell cycle progression. In addition, the mMRPS36 overexpression induces p21WAF1/CIP1 expression, and regulates the expression and phosphorylation of p53. Our result also indicate that overexpression of mMRPS36 affects the mitochondrial function. These results suggest that mMRPS36 plays an important role in mitochondrial ribosomal biogenesis, which may cause nucleolar stress, thereby leading to cell cycle delay. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 981–990, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2): The high molecular weight forms come of age
Authors: Yu Pey‐Jen , Ferrari Giovanni , Galloway Aubrey C. , Mignatti Paolo , Pintucci Giuseppe 
Published: November 2006

AbstractAfter over thirty years from its discovery, research on basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) keeps revealing new aspects of the complexity of its gene expression as it evolved in the eukaryotic organisms. The discovery of multiple forms of FGF‐2 generated by alternative translation from AUG and non‐canonical CUG codons on the same mRNA transcript has led to the characterization of a low molecular weight (LMW) FGF‐2 form and various high molecular weight (HMW) forms (four in humans). In this review, we discuss the biochemical features and biological activities of the different FGF‐2 forms. In particular, we focus on the properties that are unique to the HMW forms and its biological functions. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1100–1108, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vitro and in vivo osteoblastic differentiation of BMP‐2‐ and Runx2‐engineered skeletal myoblasts
Authors: Gersbach Charles A. , Guldberg Robert E. , García Andrés J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGenetic engineering with osteogenic factors is a promising approach for cell‐based therapeutics and orthopedic regeneration. However, the relative efficacy of different strategies for inducing osteoblastic differentiation remains unclear and is further complicated by varied delivery vehicles, cell types, and evaluation criteria. In order to elucidate the effects of distinct gene‐based strategies, we quantitatively evaluated osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of primary skeletal myoblasts overexpressing either the BMP‐2 growth factor or Runx2 transcription factor. Retroviral delivery of BMP‐2 or Runx2 stimulated differentiation into an osteoblastic phenotype, as demonstrated by the induction of osteogenic gene expression, alkaline phosphatase activity, and matrix mineralization in monolayer culture and on collagen scaffolds both in vitro and in an intramuscular site in vivo. In general, BMP‐2 stimulated osteoblastic markers faster and to a greater extent than Runx2, although we also identified experimental conditions under which these two factors produced similar effects. Additionally, Runx2‐engineered cells did not utilize paracrine signaling via secreted osteogenic factors, in contrast to cells overexpressing BMP‐2, as demonstrated by conditioned media studies and activation of Smad signaling. These results emphasize the complexity of gene therapy‐based orthopedic therapeutics as an integrated relationship of differentiation state, construct maturation, and paracrine signaling of osteogenic cells. This study is significant in evaluating proposed therapeutic systems and defining a successful strategy for integrating gene medicine and orthopedic regeneration. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1324–1336, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
GCIP/CCNDBP1, a helix–loop–helix protein, suppresses tumorigenesis
Authors: Ma Wenbin , Stafford Lewis J. , Li Dali , Luo Jian , Li Xiaoying , Ning Guang , Liu Mingyao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractDeletions and/or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosome 15 (15q15 and 15q21) have been found in several human tumors, including carcinomas of the colorectum, breast, lung, prostate, and bladder, suggesting the presence of potential tumor suppressor gene(s) in this particular region of chromosome 15. GCIP also called CCNDBP1, DIP1, or HHM, localized at chromosome 15q15, is a recently identified helix–loop–helix leucine zipper (HLH‐ZIP) protein without a basic region like the Id family of proteins. In this study, we reported that the expression of GCIP was significantly downregulated in several different human tumors, including breast tumor, prostate tumor, and colon tumors. In human colon tumors, both mRNA and protein expression levels of GCIP were decreased significantly compared to the normal tissues. Treatment of colon cancer cells SW480 with sodium butyrate (NaB), which induces colon cancer cell differentiation, can induce the upregulation of GCIP expression, suggesting that the protein functions as a negative regulator in cell proliferation. Overexpression of GCIP in SW480 colon cancer cell line resulted in a significant inhibition on tumor cell colony formation, while silencing of GCIP expression by siRNA can promote cell colony formation. Furthermore, overexpression of GCIP inhibited the transcriptional activity of cyclin D1 promoter and the expression of cyclin D1 protein in the cell. Finally, we demonstrate that GCIP specifically interacts with one of the class III HDAC proteins, SirT6, which is important for maintaining genome stability. Together, our data suggest a possible function of GCIP in tumor suppression. J. Cell. Biochem. 100: 1376–1386, 2007. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.