bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Molybdänverteilung und ‐verträglichkeit bei Tomate, Sonnenblume und Bohne
Authors: Hecht‐Buchholz Charlotte 
Published: February 2007

The distribution of molybdenum in tomatoes, sunflowers and beans and their sensitivity towards molybdenum.The influence of increasing levels of molybdenum on the growth, molybdenum uptake and distribution in individual plant organs was investigated in tomatoes, beans and sunflowers in a 9 day trial.With tomatoes, which showed marked damage with high molybdenum levels, the molybdenum content of dry matter was highest in the leaf and lowest in the stem. On the otherhand, beans, insensitive towards the high molybdenum level, dry matter molybdenum content was appreciably higher in the stem than in the leaf.It is supposed that in plant species, insensitive to high molybdenum levels, such as beans, molybdenum preferably accumulates in the vacuoles of the vascular parenchyma. In contrast in tomatoes, sensitive to high molybdenum levels, molybdenum is held less firmly in this tissue and can attain damaging levels in the cytoplasm of the youngest leaf tissue cells.It is supposed, on the basis of the reactions which were carried out with expressed root juice and on the basis of the yellow colouration attainable in vitro in the tissue caused by the addition of molybdate solution, that the yellow colouration appearing in the cells and plant organs of various plant species, here tomatoes and sunflowers, with high molybdenum levels is due to a reaction between molybdenum and polyvalent phenols in cellsap.
Der Einfluß der Stickstoffversorgung auf den Proteingehalt von Daucus carota
Authors: Linser H. , Zeid F. A. 
Published: February 2007

The effect of nitrogen supply on protein content of Daucus carota1. An addition of doubled quantity of nitrogen resulted predominantly after 80 days of growth in increased dry matter production of roots. The dry matter yield of roots increased by one and half times.2. By addition of double quantity of nitrogen, the pure protein content of the whole plant was approximatly doubled.3. At the higher level of nitrogen, the part of pure protein content of leaves which accumulated in roots was increased.4. The pure protein content expressed as % of dry matter lies materialy lower in the roots than in the leaves and decreases subsequently with increasing age of the plant both in the leaves as well as in the roots. The half of the initial protein content of the dry matter was reached 13 days later at high nitrogen level than at low level. The obtained end value is higher at high nitrogen supply as compared to low nitrogen supply.5. At high nitrogen supply the increments in system last 19 days longer than at low supply. After 60 days of growth the increments to product at high nitrogen supply exceed well those at low nitrogen supply. The % synthesis capacity of system for product at low nitrogen supply exceed well those to high nitrogen supply approximately till 100 days of growth.6. The addition of higher level of nitrogen increased the synthesis capacity of system for product, not through the better utilization of the synthesized system but through enlarging the system itself. The system of plants, better supplied with nitrogen showed lowered synthesis capacity for product (calculated as per unit of weight).7. The % synthesis capacity of system of leaves for the system of whole plant at high nitrogen supply lies temporarily higher than at low nitrogen supply.
Einfluß von Natriumchlorid und Mycostatin auf den Mineralstoffgehalt im Blattgewebe und die Feinstruktur der Chloroplasten
Authors: Marschner H. , Mix G. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of Sodium Chloride and Mycostatin on the Mineral Content of Leaf Segments and on the Fine Structure of ChloroplastsLeaf segments of bean, barley and sugar beet were treated for several hours with 25 meq NaC1 or with the antibiotica mycostatin. The effect of these treatments on the content of potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and chloride in the leaf segments and on the fine structure of chloroplasts was studied.In bean sodium chloride treatment induced strong efflux of potassium and swelling of the chloroplasts. Sodium sulfate or mycostatin had the same effect. Despite of the strong efflux of potassium the content of calcium and magnesium in the segments was practically unaffected. Addition of 1 meq calcium to the external solution prevented the effect of sodium chloride on efflux of potassium as well as on the fine structure.In barley sodium chloride or mycostatin also induced efflux of potassium and swelling of the chloroplasts. These effects, however, were less pronounced than in bean. Again the content of calcium and magnesium in the segments was practically unaffected, and the addition of 1 meq calcium compensated the effect of sodium chloride.In sugar beet both mycostatin and sodium chloride did not induce efflux of potassium, despite of a strong influx of sodium in the sodium chloride treatment. In both treatments no change in the fine structure of the chloroplasts was observed.It was proved by isolation of chloroplasts that the typical sodium chloride induced differences in efflux of potassium from the leaf segments is also reflected in efflux of potassium from the chloroplasts.The results indicate the causative connection between efflux of potassium and change in the fine structure of the chloroplasts. Differences between the three plant species with respect to efflux of potassium induced by sodium chloride or mycostatin are reflections of different membrane properties. The presence of calcium in the external solution is much more important for the membrane stability of bean than it is for sugar beet e. g.The results obtained with leaf segments are a good reflection of the different tolerance of these three plant species to high sodium chloride concentrations under field conditions.
Auftreten von Bormangel bei Citrus aurantium L. (Bitterorangen) am Kaspischen Meer (Iran)
Authors: Foroughi M. , Marschner H. , Döting H.‐W. 
Published: February 2007

Occurence of boron deficiency in Citrus aurantium L. (Bitter orange) at the Caspian Sea (Iran)In a Bitter orange plantation near the Caspian sea over a period of two years different amounts of boron were applied either as borax to the soil or as Solubor to the leaves.Without boron supply the fruits were misshapen, had a rough and thick peel and often brown spots in the pulp. Supply of 5 – 20 g B per tree prevented the occurence of these symptoms and increased both the fruit size and the proportion of the pulp. Without boron supply on fresh weight basis the proportion of pulp/peel was 1 : 1, 6 – 2, 0 as compared to 1 : 0, 6 – 0, 7 with boron supply. The effect of the different boron supply was well reflected in the boron content of the leaves and especially of the fruits. Borax increased the boron content of the plants more than Solubor.Conzidering both the low content of available boron in most of the soils of the Citrus area near the Caspian sea and the special ecological conditions (high pH values and low water content of the soils during fruit development) boron deficiency can be expected. The results of the experiment with Bitter oranges confirm that boron fertilizing is an important factor for plant production in this area.
Herstellung von Lysimetern mit Böden in natürlicher Lagerung (Monolith ‐ Lysimeter) als Durchlauf‐, Unterdruck‐ oder Grundwasserlysimeter
Authors: Homeyer B. , Labenski K. O. , Meyer B. , Thormann A. 
Published: February 2007

Preparation of Polyester Jacketed Soil Columns as Penetration, Suction Plate and Groundwater LysimetersA simple and cheap preparation technique for long soil monolith lysimeters consists in forming columns of undisturbed soil out from the walls of soil pits by means of a steel cylinder, encasing the column with glasfiber mat and infiltrating this coat with polyester resin. Casing is also possible by simultaneous application of resin compounds and glasfiber as a mix spray. Imbedding of steel slats in the polyester walls facilitates the transport. Descriptions are given how to make use of such columns as simple penetration lysimeters, suction plate, and groundwater lysimeter sets for studies of water and bio‐element balances of the soil.
Bemerkungen zur Ermittlung der ungesättigten Wasserleitfähigkeit unter nichtstationären Bedingungen
Authors: Becher H. H. 
Published: February 2007

On the Determination of Capillary Conductivity at Unsteady‐State Conditions.Therefore it is stated that for obtaining the effective ku‐values.Considering the importance of capillary conductivity for the soil water regime the large differences up to 2 orders of magnitude between determinations on core samples from the same soil using the double‐membrane‐method (Henseler and Renger 1969) and the evaporation‐method (Becher 1971a) initiated a study concerning the error caused by a possible nonlinearity of suction changes between two measuring levels using the latter method. The study was carried out on disturbed and undisturbed core samples from the three textural classes sand, silt and clay and with modified evaporation method. Comparing the geometric means of the obtained ku‐values calculated at unsteady‐state and quasisteady‐state conditions for different suctions resulted in that with usual application of the method the measured ku‐values must be diminished for obtaining the effective ku‐values. This correction factor increased with suction and is considered to be more important in laboratory than in field use.
For sandy soils a correction factor of 2 at 150 cmH2O increasing to 6 at 1000 cm H2O must be applied. The coarser the sand would be, at the lower suction nonlinearity will start and the more rapidly the correction factor will increase;.
For silty soils a correction factor of 2–4 must be applied for suctions > 300 cm H2O;.
For clayey soils a correction factor of 2 rapidly increasing to 10 must be applied for suctions > 150 cm H2O, but depending on soil cracks.

.The overestimation of water through‐put resulting from the uncorrected ku‐values amounts to 1.5–4.0 [l/m2 · d] at 100 cm H2O, but these values are within the variation of the effective ku‐values. For 800cm H2O the overestimation amounts to 0.002–0.065 [l/m2 · d], but this makes up 300–1000 % of the effective water through‐put.
Der Einfluß von Gibberellinsäurespritzungen auf das Blühverhalten von Karotten
Authors: Schwab B. , Neumann K. H. 
Published: February 2007

The influence of Gibberellic Acid Treatments on Flowering of Carrots.The influence of GA3‐treatments on flower formation of carrot plants at different light conditions was investigated. No flower formation occurent during natural long day conditions at all GA3‐concentrations (6, 30, 60 ppm). (Fig. 1). Nevertheless under artificial long day conditions flower formation was observed after application of 30 and 60 ppm GA3. Apparently a positive interaction between GA3‐application and illumination on shooting exists. Conditions leading to the formation of vegetatives apices from generative are described. (Formation of ‘Hochrosetten’, Fig. 2).
Kupfer, Reinprotein und Phenoloxidase in der Blattfolge von Helianthus annuus im Verlaufe der Vegetationsperiode
Authors: Judel G. K. , Linser H. , Zeid F. A. 
Published: February 2007

Copper, pure protein and phenol oxidase in the succession of the leaves of Helianthus annuus during the course of the vegetation period.Leaves, stems and blossoms of sunflower plants from different harvest times were analyzed for their copper and pure protein content and also in leaves for phenol oxidase activity. The production of dry matter in the individual leaves considerably increased till the full extent of each leaf, then decreased markedly. The loss of dry matter in leaves was favourable for the development of blossoms.The rate of development was highest in the first emerging leaves and decreased with increasing insertion hight, at first slowly and later rapidly.The copper and pure protein content as well as the phenol oxidase activity in all the leaves were highest in the young stage, decreased fast in the cotyledons and in the first three pairs of leaves, more slowly in the forthcoming leaves. With increasing insertion hight of leaves a continuous decrease in hight of maximal values was to be observed.The present results favour, that the chemical composition and the biochemical activity of every plant organ is to a great extent affected by the age of the whole plant.
Weitere Untersuchungen über den Einbau von radioaktivem Schwefel in Blattproteine von Ölrettichpflanzen
Authors: Pauler B. , Kühn H. 
Published: February 2007

Further investigations upon the 35S‐incorporation into some leaf proteins of oil radish plants.In order to supplement earlier results, concerning the 35S‐incorporation into leaf proteins of oil radish plants, a new experiment with increasing amounts of 35S‐labelled sulphate‐sulphur was started under controlled climatic conditions. The 35S‐incorporation into some protein fractions was determined by methods of gel chromatography with various types of Sephadex, by the isoelectric focusing and the liquid scintillation counting.Fresh weights and content of pure protein of the plants were scarcely influenced by increasing amounts of sulphur supplied. In the S‐variants 2 and 3 an increased relative incorporation of sulphur from the sulphur fertilization was observed in nitrogen‐ and sulphurcontaining compounds with lower molecular weights (m.w. < 4000) and into some protein fractions, especially with molecular weights, higher than 4–8 X105 (Sephadex G‐200).Determination of total 35S‐activity in the leaf material has shown, that the plants of all S‐variants have taken up sulphur in nearly equal proportions. Therefore, a pronounced S‐incorporation into some protein fractions must have taken place. It is assumed, that the 35S‐marked compounds with lower molecular weights are final products, and the 35S‐marked protein fractions with higher molecular weights may be enzymes of the secondary sulphur metabolism, the activity of which has probably been intensified in plants, supplied with higher amounts of sulphur.Comparing the earlier and the present investigations, it must be pointed out, that there are some differences in the results of protein fractionation and 35S‐patterns, probably caused by a varied performance of these experiments. Nevertheless, similar tendencies may be pointed out in the high rate of S‐incorporation into protein fractions.
Bestimmung des Wasserentzuges aus dem Boden durch die Pflanzenwurzeln im Gelände als Funktion der Tiefe und der Zeit
Authors: Strebel O. , Renger M. , Giesel W. 
Published: February 2007

Field determination of water withdrawal from soil by plant roots as a function of depth and time.The water flow through roots as a function of depth and time can be determined in homogeneously rooted, level soils with closed plant canopies, provided the total vertical water flow and the capillary water flow are known for the soil profile. Theory, measuring methods and some results on water withdrawal of wheat (fig. 2–4) and sugar‐beet (fig. 5) roots on a loess grey‐brown podsolic soil profile underlain by gravelly sand (fig. 1) are described.The time averaged rates (2–7 day periods) for water extraction by roots are up till about 12 × 10−3 \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \frac{{{\rm cm}^3 {\rm water}}}{{{\rm cm}^3 {\rm soil} \cdot {\rm day}}} $\end{document} During the growth period variations of the depth of the effective root zone and of the extraction rate in distinct layers were found (fig. 6 + 7). A capillary rise from the subsoil into the effective root zone exists for some time (fig. 3); seepage water within the lower root zone causes a strong increase of extraction rates in these depths (fig. 4). The relative water extraction rate at the depths of 15 and 25 cm decreases with increasing soil water suction in the range between 150 and 104 cm (fig. 8).
Temperaturansprüche mikroskopischer Bodenpilze aus klimatisch und geographisch verschiedenen Standorten
Authors: Franz Gertrud 
Published: February 2007

Temperature demands of microscopic soil fungi from different climatic and geographical sites..154 strains of microscopic soil fungi were isolated at 25°C from soils deriving from tropical to alpine climatic zones of the world (SW‐Africa, Argentine, Nepal, Canary Islands and W‐Germany). Determining their saccharolytic, amylolytic and proteolytic activities on saccharose‐, starch‐ or gelatine‐containing agar plates at 5 °C, 15 °C, 25 °C, 35 °C and 43 °C, the activity range as well as the optimal temperature were obtained.The following results were obtained: 1) A clear correlation between the temperature requirements of the fungal flora and the climatic conditions of the site of isolation was observed. 2) The fungal flora of a certain climatic zone was composed of strains of ubiquitously distributed species. Their great adaptability enables them to accomodate themselves to the temperature conditions of each site. 3) A smaller percentage of species was characterised by a small range of temperature variability and therefore depending on a certain climatic zone. Some of these were strict pschychrophilic species, characteristic for alpine and subalpine regions, but others behaved as strict mesophiles observed only in warm regions. 4) Finally from each site of isolation there also could be isolated a certain amount of fungi, whose ecological demands did not or only for a very short time coincide with the bioclimatic conditions of the particular site. Generally, these isolates are able to form resistant spores enabling them to survive unfavourable climatic conditions. .
Der Einfluß von Pydanon auf den Gibberellinsäuregehalt (GA3) von Getreidepflanzen
Authors: Sadeghian E. , Kühn H. 
Published: February 2007

Influence of Pydanon on the content of gibberellic acid in cereals.The effect of pydanon (a derivative of pyridazinylacetic‐acid) on the gibberellic acid content of growing cereal plants was studied at variied doses and different times of application. Although high concentrations of pydanon caused a reduttion in stalk length of the plants, their gibberellic acid content was not changed. On the other side the synthesis of gibberellic acid was reduced by CCC like in earlier experiments. The experiments lead to the conclusion, that the growth retardation of the stalks of cereal plants by pydanon is caused by other mechanisms than in the case of shortening by CCC.
Über die Wirkung von Pydanon auf Halmlänge und Ertrag von Winterweizen und Winterroggen
Authors: Kühn H. , Herwig K. 
Published: February 2007

Influence of Pydanon upon Stalk Length and Grain Yield of Winter Rye and Winter Wheat..In pot experiments with three varieties of winter rye a considerable reduction of stalk length was obtained by the growth regulator Pydanon without a significant reduction of grain yield. The necessary amount of active substance however was rather high and the period of time for optimal application was limited. Winter wheat did not respond to Pydanon.
The influence of temperature and nitrogen fertilization on fatty acids in leaves of rye‐grass (Lolium Perenne)
Authors: Hofaecker‐Klett I. , Beringer H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractLolium, perenne cv. Billion was grown at three different levels of nitrogen‐nutrition and at 15 °C and 30 °C respectively. Increasing doses of nitrogen stimulated the lipid‐, protein‐ and chlorophyll content in leaves and resulted in a promotion of linolenic acid.Low growth temperatures also favour the percentage of linolenic acid in leaves, galactolipids and chloroplasts. A process of adaptation to low temperatures and the maintenance of a certain membrane permeability is suggested.
Studies on Microbial Fertilizers I. Effect of Silicate Dissolving Bacteria on the Potassium Uptake by Sorghum helepensis from Calcareous Soils
Authors: Saber M. S. M. , El‐Sherif A. F. 
Published: February 2007

Untersuchungen über mikrobielle Dünger. I. Der Einfluß von silicatlösenden Bakterien auf die Kaliumaufnahme von Sorghum helepensis aus Kalkböden..In Gefäßversuchen wurde der Einfluß von silicatlösenden Bakterien auf die K‐Aufnahme von Sudangras aus Kalkböden untersucht, denen Sand bzw. Nilschlamm zugesetzt worden war. Obwohl in den behandelten Proben die Zahlen an silicatlösenden Bakterien höher waren, wurde gegenüber den unbehandelten Ansätzen keine signifikante K‐Mehraufnahme gefunden. Die Bakterienzahlen wie auch die K‐Aufnahme zeigten, unabhängig vom Carbonatgehalt, in allen Böden den gleichen Trend.
Seasonal changes of the aggregate instability
Authors: Hofman G. , Appelmans F. 
Published: February 2007

Die jahreszeitliche Variation der Krümelstabilität.Die Krümelstabilität zeigt eine große jahreszeitliche Variation, welche für diese Lehmböden mittels einer sinusoidalen Kurve dargestellt werden kann, vorausgesetzt, daß keine Einflüsse einer mineralischen Düngung auftreten. Dieses bedeutet, daß ein Vergleich der Krümelstabilität mehrerer Böden oder Versuchsobjekte (zum Studium der Bodenstruktur und der physikalischen Bodenfruchtbarkeit) nur richtig ist, wenn die untersuchten Bodenproben zum gleichen Zeitpunkt entnommen worden sind.Die wichtigsten Ursachen der jahreszeitlichen Variation der untersuchten Böden sind die zahlreichen Risse in den Aggregaten, hervorgerufen durch meteorologische Einflüsse (Frost, Austrocknung), die Änderungen in der Zusammensetzung und Verteilung des organischen Materials im Boden und die Einflüsse einer mineralischen Düngung. Diese Schlußfolgerung bedeutet nicht, daß keine anderen Faktoren die jahreszeitliche Variation der Krümelstabilität beeinflussen können.
Einfluß des Calcium‐Angebotes auf Wachstumsrate und Calcium‐Gehalt von Kartoffelknollen
Authors: Krauß A. , Marschner H. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of calcium supply on growth rate and calcium content of potato tubers..Using potato plants in water culture with a constant calcium supply to the roots, a study was made of the influence of additional supply of calcium to the tuber surface on growth rate and calcium content of the tubers.Under conditions of high relative humidity around the tubers the calcium nutrition of the tubers was exclusively dependent on the calcium supplied to the tuber surface („exogenous calcium”︁). With a high level of exogenous Ca the growth rate of the tubers was high and the rate of uptake of Ca was proportional to the tuber growth. With a low level of exogenous Ca the growth rate declined to a lower but constant value. In absence of exogenous supply of Ca the growth rate of the tubers declined gradually until growth ceased. Cessation of tuber growth occurred when the Ca content decreased below 0,36 mg Ca per g dry matter for smaller tubers and below 0,14 mg Ca per g dry matter for larger tubers.Severe Ca deficiency in potato tubers causes necrosis at the tuber apex.