bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A Step towards understanding coronary artery disease: a complication in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Sinha Rishav , Nanavaty Dhairya , Azhar Arij , Devarakonda Pradeep , Singh Sohrab , Garikipati Rupa , Sanghvi Ankushi , Manoharan Suganya , Parhar Gaurav , Zaman Kiran , Ayala-Rodriguez Cesar , Vasudevan Viswanath , Reddy Sarath , Gerolemou Louis 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a relatively rare disease with increasing incidence trends. Cardiovascular disease is a significant complication in IPF patients due to the role of common proatherogenic immune mediators. The prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) in IPF and the association between these distinct pathologies with overlapping pathophysiology remain less studied.Research questionWe hypothesised that IPF is an independent risk factor for CAD.MethodsWe conducted a retrospective case–control study using the national inpatient sample (2017–2019). We included adult hospitalisations with IPF after excluding other interstitial lung diseases and other endpoints of CAD, acute coronary syndrome and old myocardial infarction. We examined their baseline characteristics, such as demographic data, hospital characteristics and socioeconomic status. The prevalence of cardiac risk factors and CAD was also compared between hospitalisations with and without IPF. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was further performed to study the odds of CAD with IPF. The cases of IPF in the study population were propensity-matched, after which generalised linear modelling analysis was performed to validate the findings.ResultsA total of 116 010 admissions were hospitalised in 2017–2019 with IPF, of which 55.6% were men with a mean age of 73 years. Adult hospitalisations with IPF were found to have a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus (29.3% vs 24.0%; p<0.001), hypertension (35.6% vs 33.8%; p<0.001), hyperlipidaemia (47.7% vs 30.2%; p<0.0001) and tobacco abuse (41.7% vs 20.9%; p<0.001), while they had a lower prevalence of obesity (11.7% vs 15.3%; p<0.0001) compared with hospitalisations without IPF. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed 28% higher odds of developing CAD in IPF hospitalisations (OR −1.28; CI 1.22 to 1.33; p<0.001). Postpropensity matching, generalised linear modelling analysis revealed even higher odds of CAD with IPF (OR −1.77; CI 1.54 to 2.02; p<0.001)ConclusionsOur study found a higher prevalence of CAD in IPF hospitalisations and significantly higher odds of CAD among IPF cases. IPF remains a terminal lung disease that portends a poor prognosis, but addressing the cardiovascular risk factors in these patients can help reduce the case fatality rate due to the latter and potentially add to quality-adjusted life years.
Injury prevention for women and girls playing Australian Football: programme cocreation, dissemination and early adopter coach feedback
Authors: Patterson Brooke E , Crossley Kay M , Haberfield Melissa J , Mosler Andrea B , Cowan Sallie M , Lawrence Julia , Rath David , Livingstone Nicole , Barton Christian J , Bruder Andrea M , Donaldson Alex 
Published: March 2024

BackgroundAdherence to injury prevention programmes may improve with greater end-user involvement and application of implementation frameworks during development. We describe the cocreation, initial dissemination and feedback from programme early adopters (coaches), to develop the first evidence-informed injury prevention programme for women playing community Australian Football (Prep-to-Play).MethodsWe used a pragmatic seven-step process for developing sports injury prevention programmes to (1) gain organisational support, (2) compile research evidence, (3) consult experts, (4) engage end-users, (5) test programme acceptability, (6) evaluate against theory and (7) gain early adopter feedback. All Australian Football-registered coaches of women’s/girls’ teams were sent a postseason survey to determine initial awareness, adoption and implementation (steps 5 and 6). Purposively selected coaches were invited to interviews/focus groups (step 7) to identify competency, organisational and leadership implementation drivers with a deductive thematic analysis applied.ResultsPrep-to-Play was cocreated using previous efficacious programmes and expert input (steps 1–4), and disseminated via the national sporting organisation in preseason 2019 to all registered coaches (step 5). 343 coaches (90 women) completed the postseason survey and 22 coaches (5 women) participated in an interview (n=9) or focus group (n=13) (steps 6 and 7). 268 coaches (78%) were aware of Prep-to-Play. Of those aware, 218 (81%) had used (at least one element) Prep-to-Play, and 143 (53%) used it at least twice per week. Competency drivers included local expert-delivered face-to-face workshops complimented by online content and ongoing support. Organisational drivers included coach education integrated into existing league/club. Leadership drivers included compulsory injury prevention education integrated into coach reaccreditation processes or incentivisation via recognition (eg, professional development points).ConclusionsCocreation and organisational support resulted in high programme awareness and adoption. However, high fidelity implementation and maintenance may need to be facilitated by competency, organisational and leadership drivers. Responsibility should be shared among all stakeholders.
A Subpopulation of Luminal Progenitors Secretes Pleiotrophin to Promote Angiogenesis and Metastasis in Inflammatory Breast Cancer
Authors: Zhang Mengmeng , Zhou Kaiwen , Wang Zilin , Liu Ting , Stevens Laura E. , Lynce Filipa , Chen Wendy Y. , Peng Sui , Xie Yubin , Zhai Duanyang , Chen Qianjun , Shi Yawei , Shi Huijuan , Yuan Zhongyu , Li Xiaoping , Xu Juan , Cai Zhenhai , Guo Jianping , Shao Nan , Lin Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by rapidly arising diffuse erythema and edema. Genomic studies have not identified consistent alterations and mechanisms that differentiate IBC from non-IBC tumors, suggesting that the microenvironment could be a potential driver of IBC phenotypes. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, multiplex staining, and serum analysis in patients with IBC, we identified enrichment of a subgroup of luminal progenitor (LP) cells containing high expression of the neurotropic cytokine pleiotrophin (PTN) in IBC tumors. PTN secreted by the LP cells promoted angiogenesis by directly interacting with the NRP1 receptor on endothelial tip cells located in both IBC tumors and the affected skin. NRP1 activation in tip cells led to recruitment of immature perivascular cells in the affected skin of IBC, which are correlated with increased angiogenesis and IBC metastasis. Together, these findings reveal a role for cross-talk between LPs, endothelial tip cells, and immature perivascular cells via PTN–NRP1 axis in the pathogenesis of IBC, which could lead to improved strategies for treating IBC.

Significance:
Nonmalignant luminal progenitor cells expressing pleiotrophin promote angiogenesis by activating NRP1 and induce a prometastatic tumor microenvironment in inflammatory breast cancer, providing potential therapeutic targets for this aggressive breast cancer subtype.
A Deep Learning Approach to Analyzing Continuous-Time Cognitive Processes
Authors: Shain Cory , Schuler William 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The dynamics of the mind are complex. Mental processes unfold continuously in time and may be sensitive to a myriad of interacting variables, especially in naturalistic settings. But statistical models used to analyze data from cognitive experiments often assume simplistic dynamics. Recent advances in deep learning have yielded startling improvements to simulations of dynamical cognitive processes, including speech comprehension, visual perception, and goal-directed behavior. But due to poor interpretability, deep learning is generally not used for scientific analysis. Here, we bridge this gap by showing that deep learning can be used, not just to imitate, but to analyze complex processes, providing flexible function approximation while preserving interpretability. To do so, we define and implement a nonlinear regression model in which the probability distribution over the response variable is parameterized by convolving the history of predictors over time using an artificial neural network, thereby allowing the shape and continuous temporal extent of effects to be inferred directly from time series data. Our approach relaxes standard simplifying assumptions (e.g., linearity, stationarity, and homoscedasticity) that are implausible for many cognitive processes and may critically affect the interpretation of data. We demonstrate substantial improvements on behavioral and neuroimaging data from the language processing domain, and we show that our model enables discovery of novel patterns in exploratory analyses, controls for diverse confounds in confirmatory analyses, and opens up research questions in cognitive (neuro)science that are otherwise hard to study.
Interreligious Interaction in the Ilorin Metropolis
Authors: Akande Lydia Bosede , Ogunbiyi Olatunde Oyewole , Fahm AbdulGafar Olawale 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study explores interreligious interactions in Ilorin, Nigeria, with a focus on Sobi Hill. Employing a phenomenological approach, it examines how different religious groups interpret and engage with this symbol of unity. Through historical analysis, site visits, observations, questionnaires, and interviews, the research identifies three key factors that contributes to peaceful coexistence: influential figures, evolving generational attitudes, and Sobi Hill’s religious significance. The study concludes that Ilorin’s harmonious coexistence is epitomized by Sobi Hill, where residents from various faiths gather for joint celebrations that emphasize the city’s commitment to unity.
Modeling the Subgrid-Scale Scalar Variance: A Priori Tests and Application to Supersaturation in Cloud Turbulence
Authors: Salesky Scott T. , Gillis Kendra , Anderson Jesse , Helman Ian , Cantrell Will , Shaw Raymond A. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The subgrid-scale (SGS) scalar variance represents the “unmixedness” of the unresolved small scales in large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulent flows. Supersaturation variance can play an important role in the activation, growth, and evaporation of cloud droplets in a turbulent environment, and therefore efforts are being made to include SGS supersaturation fluctuations in microphysics models. We present results from a priori tests of SGS scalar variance models using data collected in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection in the Michigan Tech Pi chamber for Rayleigh numbers Ra ∼ 108–109. Data from an array of 10 thermistors were spatially filtered and used to calculate the true SGS scalar variance, a scale-similarity model, and a gradient model for dimensionless filter widths of h/Δ = 25, 14.3, and 10 (where h is the height of the chamber and Δ is the spatial filter width). The gradient model was found to have fairly low correlations (ρ ∼ 0.2), with the most probable values departing significantly from the one-to-one line in joint probability density functions (JPDFs). However, the scale-similarity model was found to have good behavior in JPDFs and was highly correlated (ρ ∼ 0.8) with the true SGS variance. Results of the a priori tests were robust across the parameter space considered, with little dependence on Ra and h/Δ. The similarity model, which only requires an additional test filtering operation, is therefore a promising approach for modeling the SGS scalar variance in LES of cloud turbulence and other related flows.
Topline/Final Diagnostic Inclusion of Relevant Histologic Findings in Surgical Pathology Reporting of Carcinoma in Prostate Biopsies
Authors: Mullane Patrick , Williamson Sean R. ,   The Prostate Biopsy Reporting Panel *, Sangoi Ankur R. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction As the list of histologic parameters to include in surgical pathology reports of prostate cancer biopsies grows, some pathologists include this information in the microscopic description or summary sections of the report, whereas others include it in the “topline” or final diagnosis section. This prompted us to develop a multi-institutional survey to assess reporting trends among genitourinary (GU) pathologists. Methods A survey instrument was shared among 110 GU pathologists via surveymonkey.com. Anonymized respondent data was analyzed. Results Eighty-four (76%) participants completed the survey across four continents. Most participants report tumor volume quantitation (88%), number of cores involved (89%), and both Gleason grade and Grade group (93%) in their topline; 71% include percent of pattern 4, with another 16% including it depending on cancer grade; 58% include the presence of cribriform growth pattern 4, with another 11% including it depending on cancer grade. When present, most include extraprostatic extension (90%), prostatic intraductal carcinoma (77%), and perineural invasion (77%). Inclusion of atypical intraductal proliferation (AIP) in the topline diagnosis was cancer grade-dependent, with 74% including AIP in Grade group 1, 61% in Grade group 2, 45% in Grade group 3, 30% in Grade group 4, and 26% in Grade group 5 cancers. Conclusion Certain histologic features such as Gleason grade and tumor volume/cores involved are frequently included in the topline diagnosis, whereas the incorporation of other findings are more variably included. Prostate biopsy reporting remains a dynamic process with stylistic similarities and differences existing among GU pathologists.
Patient and caregiver satisfaction of a palliative care chronic diseases clinic during COVID lockdowns
Authors: Sim Xiang Rong , Hudson Jade , Parker Catriona , Runacres Fiona , Poon Peter 
Published: March 2024

Objectives To assess the quality assurance of a specialist palliative care clinic focused on chronic diseases and explore the satisfaction and acceptability of the telemedicine model amongst patients and caregivers. Methods A cross-sectional 23-item survey was developed by the clinical team, approved by ethics and distributed to patients and caregivers. Data collection ran between September 2021 and February 2022, and SPSS was used for data analysis. Demographics were collected from hospital records. Results Thirty-five surveys were returned. The cohort had a median age of 82 years, and the most common primary diagnosis was renal failure. Participants rated telemedicine as easier to access than face-to-face appointments due to convenience. Telemedicine was rated highly for future utility, with video consultations being perceived as more useful than telephone consultations. Participants responded overwhelmingly well towards the clinic. Discussion Findings demonstrated high levels of satisfaction with the Supportive Care Clinic model and for telemedicine. However, logistical challenges and the desire for face-to-face appointments were also identified. The study highlights the importance of offering a range of modalities for patient engagement in healthcare services and suggests that telemedicine should complement, rather than replace, face-to-face consultations. Future investigations should explore patient and caregiver sentiment towards telemedicine platforms alongside patient deterioration.
Prevalence and correlates of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose among adults in Afghanistan: Insights from a national survey
Authors: Dadras Omid , Nyaboke Ongosi Anita , Wang Chia-Wen 
Published: March 2024

Objectives: Afghanistan is experiencing an escalating burden of noncommunicable diseases, with diabetes and impaired fasting glucose being of particular concern. To explore the prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose and associated factors among adult Afghans. Methods: This cross-sectional study used secondary data from a nationally representative survey, conducted in 2018 in Afghanistan. A blood sample was collected from the fingertip and tested through a strip to measure blood glucose. The complex sampling design and sampling weights were accounted for in all analyses to produce representative estimates of the target population in Afghanistan. Results: Of 3890 Afghan adults aged 18–69 years who participated in this survey, 11.07% and 10.32% had diabetes and impaired fasting glucose, respectively. For overweight individuals with abdominal obesity, the risk for diabetes became significantly elevated, with an adjusted relative risk ratio of 2.12 (95% CI: 1.10–4.09). However, the most pronounced effect was observed among individuals classified as having obesity with abdominal obesity with an adjusted relative risk ratio of 2.54 (95% CI: 1.37–4.70). Moreover, high cholesterol level was significantly associated with both impaired fasting glucose (ARRR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.55–4.12) and diabetes (ARRR: 4.12, 95% CI: 2.59–6.56), whereas high blood pressure was significantly associated with only diabetes (ARRR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.16–2.86). Conclusions: This investigation provides critical insight into the prevalence of diabetes and IFG among Afghan adults aged 18–69 years. Relative to the global average, the higher prevalence observed calls for specifically designed interventions targeting individuals with cardiometabolic risk factors, such as elevated body mass index, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress and therapeutic strategies in metabolic, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer
Authors: Yuan Siqi , She Dan , Jiang Shangming , Deng Nan , Peng Jiayi , Ma Ling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), due to genetic determinants and extrinsic environmental factors, leads to endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress). As ER stress ensues, the unfolded protein response (UPR), comprising three signaling pathways—inositol-requiring enzyme 1, protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, and activating transcription factor 6 promptly activates to enhance the ER’s protein-folding capacity and restore ER homeostasis. However, prolonged ER stress levels propels the UPR towards cellular demise and the subsequent inflammatory cascade, contributing to the development of human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and diabetes. Notably, increased expression of all three UPR signaling pathways has been observed in these pathologies, and reduction in signaling molecule expression correlates with decreased proliferation of disease-associated target cells. Consequently, therapeutic strategies targeting ER stress-related interventions have attracted significant research interest. In this review, we elucidate the critical role of ER stress in cancer, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases, offering novel therapeutic approaches for these conditions.
Do changes in the frailty score differ by the type of group sports and exercises participated in? A 3-year longitudinal study
Authors: Tsuji Taishi , Kanamori Satoru , Watanabe Ryota , Yokoyama Meiko , Miyaguni Yasuhiro , Saito Masashige , Kondo Katsunori 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Background
Older adults who engage in group sports and exercises achieve greater health benefits than those who exercise by themselves. The benefits of group participation may vary depending on the type of sports/exercise they engage in. The present study aimed to identify the association between specific sports and exercise types performed in groups and evaluate the longitudinal changes in multidimensional frailty scores among community-dwelling older adults in Japan.

Methods
We used 3-year follow-up data from the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study and analyzed 33,746 men and 36,799 women aged ≥ 65 years. To elucidate the relationship between participation in 20 types of group sports/exercises in 2016 (baseline) and the change in frailty score (using the Kihon Checklist, KCL) from 2016 to 2019, we performed linear regression analyses through multivariate adjustments for age group, self-rated health, marital status, living alone, occupational status, years of education, alcohol drinking status, smoking status, equivalent income, and disease status using an inverse probability weighting method. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results
The mean change in KCL scores over 3 years was + 0.62 and + 0.61 points in men and women, respectively, implying the degree of frailty worsened. The sports/exercise types that significantly prevented increments in KCL scores for both sexes compared to non-participants were hiking (men: B, − 0.36; women: B, − 0.29), walking (men: B, − 0.26; women: B, − 0.24), tennis (men: B, − 0.23; women: B, − 0.24), ground golf (men: B, − 0.21; women: B, − 0.19), and weight exercises (men: B, − 0.19; women: B, − 0.16).

Conclusion
Participation in specific sports and exercise groups offer significant physical and psychological benefits for frailty prevention among older adults in Japan. The results of this study may offer substantive evidence to encourage older adults to participate in group activities for the prevention of multidimensional frailty. It will also help public health stakeholders to decide which type of sports and exercise groups to promote in a community.
Quantitative proteomic analysis of HER2 protein expression in PDAC tumors
Authors: Randall Jamie , Hunt Allison L. , Nutcharoen Aratara , Johnston Laura , Chouraichi Safae , Wang Hongkun , Winer Arthur , Wadlow Raymond , Huynh Jasmine , Davis Justin , Corgiat Brian , Bateman Nicholas W. , Deeken John F. , Petricoin Emanuel F. , Conrads Thomas P. , Cannon Timothy L. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMetastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in the United States, with a 5-year survival rate of only 11%, necessitating identification of novel treatment paradigms. Tumor tissue specimens from patients with PDAC, breast cancer, and other solid tumor malignancies were collected and tumor cells were enriched using laser microdissection (LMD). Reverse phase protein array (RPPA) analysis was performed on enriched tumor cell lysates to quantify a 32-protein/phosphoprotein biomarker panel comprising known anticancer drug targets and/or cancer-related total and phosphorylated proteins, including HER2Total, HER2Y1248, and HER3Y1289. RPPA analysis revealed significant levels of HER2Total in PDAC patients at abundances comparable to HER2-positive (IHC 3+) and HER2-low (IHC 1+ /2+ , FISH−) breast cancer tissues, for which HER2 screening is routinely performed. These data support a critical unmet need for routine clinical evaluation of HER2 expression in PDAC patients and examination of the utility of HER2-directed antibody–drug conjugates in these patients.