bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Additions to the Pleurocarpous mosses of Bangladesh : Family - Plagiotheciaceae
Authors: Khatun Hamida , Hadiuzzaman Syed 
Published: January 2009

Not available. Key words: Pleurocarpous mosses, Hypnobryales, Plagiotheciaceae, Bangladesh DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i1.527 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(1): 79-82, 2007 (June)
New records of phytoplankton for Bangladesh. 4. Chlorococcales
Authors: Khondker Moniruzzaman , Bhuiyan Rauf Ahmed , Yeasim Jenat , Alam Munirul , Sack R Bradley , Huq Anwar , Colwell Rita 
Published: January 2009

This study presents three species from each of Schroederia, Monoraphidium and Ankistrodesmus, two species and one variety of Dictyosphaerium, two varieties of Pediastrum, and Tetraedron arthrodesmiforme var. contorta, Chlorotetraedron polymorphum, Myrmecia aquatica, Oocystis tainoensis, Nephrocytium spirale, Kirchneriella irregularis, Coelastrum indicum and Scenedesmus similagineus. These taxa have been reported from some ponds of Mathbaria of Pirojpur and Bakerganj of Barisal Districts in Bangladesh. Key words: Chlorococcales, New records, Phytoplankton, Ponds DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v14i2.528 Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 14(2): 83-91, 2007 (December)
New records of phytoplankton for Bangladesh. 6. <i>Lepocinclis</i> Perty, <i>Strombomonas</i> Defl., <i>Astasia</i> Dujardin, <i>Menoidium</i> Perty
Authors: Khondker Moniruzzaman , Bhuiyan Rauf Ahmed , Yeasmin Jenat , Alam Munirul , Sack R. Bradley , Huq Anwar , Colwell Rita R. 
Published: January 2009

The paper deals with a systematic account of 17 euglenoid phytoplakton. Of these, seven taxa belong to Lepocinclis and seven to Strombomonas. The other three taxa are Astasia cylindrical Pringsheim, A. pygmaea Skuja and Menoidium tremulum Skv. The taxa are reported from some pond ecosystems located in Pirojpur and Barisal districts of Bangladesh.Keywords: Phytoplankton, New records, Bangladesh, Lepocinclis, Strombomonas, Astasia, Menoidium, PondsÂ DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v15i2.1740Â Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 15(2): 107-114, 2008 (December)
<i>Gibberella zeae</i> (Schw.) Petch.- A new record of ascomycetous fungus for Bangladesh
Authors: Shamsi Shamim , Sultana Razia 
Published: January 2009

Not available.Keywords: Gibberella zeae, Ascomycetes, BangladeshÂ DOI: 10.3329/bjpt.v15i2.1755Â Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 15(2): 163-165, 2008 (December)
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intermolecular Stetter Reactions Catalyzed by a Novel Triazolium Derived N‐Heterocyclic Carbene.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Han Jianwei , Henseler Alexander 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recyclization of (2‐Aminophenyl)bis(5‐tert‐butyl‐2‐furyl)methanes into Indole Derivatives: Unusual Dependence on Substituted at Nitrogen Atom.
Authors: Butin Alexander V. , Smirnov Sergey K. , Tsiunchik Fatima A. , Uchuskin Maxim G. , Trushkov Igor V. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Quick and Advantageous Synthesis of 2H‐1‐Benzopyran‐2‐ones Unsubstituted on the Pyranic Nucleus.
Authors: Bratulescu George 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Approved Drug Mimics of Short Peptide Ligands from Protein Interaction Motifs.
Authors: Parthasarathi Laavanya , Casey Fergal , Stein Amelie , Aloy Patrick , Shields Denis C. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Winter precipitation intensity and ENSO/PDO variability in the Willamette Valley of Oregon
Authors: Praskievicz Sarah , Chang Heejun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThere is growing concern about the effects of inter‐annual climatic variability, such as the El‐Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), on regional hydrology and water resources. We analysed patterns of wintertime precipitation intensity, using both simple intensity and number of heavy precipitation days per year, for eight stations in northwestern Oregon's Willamette Valley for the period 1972–2006, and examined the separate and combined influence of ENSO and PDO on precipitation intensity. The analysis was accomplished using Kendall's tau and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine differences in precipitation intensity among combinations of positive and negative ENSO and PDO phases. The results suggest that the relation between ENSO phase and precipitation intensity is negative in November and positive in April, while the relation between PDO and intensity is negative and strongest in January and March. These varying seasonal associations with ENSO/PDO phase may be related to the Willamette Valley's location in the transitional zone between positive and negative El Niño response and to the moderating effects of out‐of‐phase ENSO/PDO. This seasonal variability of heavy rainfall has implications for the quantity and quality of regional water resources. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
A review of climate risk information for adaptation and development planning
Authors: Wilby R. L. , Troni J. , Biot Y. , Tedd L. , Hewitson B. C. , Smith D. M. , Sutton R. T. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAlthough the use of climate scenarios for impact assessment has grown steadily since the 1990s, uptake of such information for adaptation is lagging by nearly a decade in terms of scientific output. Nonetheless, integration of climate risk information in development planning is now a priority for donor agencies because of the need to prepare for climate change impacts across different sectors and countries. This urgency stems from concerns that progress made against Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) could be threatened by anthropogenic climate change beyond 2015. Up to this time the human signal, though detectable and growing, will be a relatively small component of climate variability and change. This implies the need for a twin‐track approach: on the one hand, vulnerability assessments of social and economic strategies for coping with present climate extremes and variability, and, on the other hand, development of climate forecast tools and scenarios to evaluate sector‐specific, incremental changes in risk over the next few decades. This review starts by describing the climate outlook for the next couple of decades and the implications for adaptation assessments. We then review ways in which climate risk information is already being used in adaptation assessments and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of three groups of techniques. Next we identify knowledge gaps and opportunities for improving the production and uptake of climate risk information for the 2020s. We assert that climate change scenarios can meet some, but not all, of the needs of adaptation planning. Even then, the choice of scenario technique must be matched to the intended application, taking into account local constraints of time, resources, human capacity and supporting infrastructure. We also show that much greater attention should be given to improving and critiquing models used for climate impact assessment, as standard practice. Finally, we highlight the over‐arching need for the scientific community to provide more information and guidance on adapting to the risks of climate variability and change over nearer time horizons (i.e. the 2020s). Although the focus of the review is on information provision and uptake in developing regions, it is clear that many developed countries are facing the same challenges. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Annual and seasonal precipitation over Italy from 1961 to 2006
Authors: Toreti Andrea , Fioravanti Guido , Perconti Walter , Desiato Franco 
Published: January 2009

AbstractAnnual and seasonal precipitation series were derived from a set of 59 synoptic meteorological stations homogeneously distributed over Italy, in order to evaluate possible changes in precipitation behaviour and identifying areas of coherent variability. The time series were homogenized and standardized anomaly series were calculated for three areas: north, centre and south of Italy. Rotated principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to monthly data and the related loading maps were generated. The annual series do not show significant trends, while among the seasonal series only those of winter in northern and central Italy are non‐stationary; they are characterized, respectively, by a decreasing trend for the entire period and by a positive trend since 1989. Seven common patterns were identified from clustered rotated principal components and linked with synoptical weather regimes. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Sunshine and synoptic cloud observations at Ebro Observatory, 1910–2006
Authors: Curto J. J. , Also E. , Pallé E. , Solé J. G. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe aim of this study is to characterize the evolution of the number of bright sunshine hours and cloudiness at Ebro Observatory. Sunshine and synoptic cloud observations, extending over almost a century, are available from the Ebro Observatory in the north–east of Spain. Here, we analyse these time series and find a strong decadal variability in the duration of bright sunshine hours since 1910, but without a statistically significant long‐term trend. A comparison with sunshine records from other Spanish Mediterranean observatories was also performed to validate the Ebro time series over the shorter time interval for which comparison stations are available. At the same time, we find a monotonic increase in synoptic cloud amount since the 1920s. Time series of cloudiness at different heights are also available at Ebro in digital form dating from 1954, and their analysis allows us to interpret these results as a change in cloud type frequency, possibly coupled with changes in air transparency. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
A convolution quadrature Galerkin boundary element method for the exterior Neumann problem of the wave equation
Authors: Chappell D. J. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe numerical solution of the Neumann problem of the wave equation on unbounded three‐dimensional domains is calculated using the convolution quadrature method for the time discretization and a Galerkin boundary element method for the spatial discretization. The mathematical analysis that has been built up for the Dirichlet problem is extended and developed for the Neumann problem, which is important for many modelling applications. Numerical examples are then presented for one of these applications, modelling transient acoustic radiation. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Atomic Force Microscopy Study of the Kinetic Roughening in Nanostructured Gold Films on SiO2
Authors: Ruffino F , Grimaldi MG , Giannazzo F , Roccaforte F , Raineri V 
Published: January 2009

AbstractDynamic scaling behavior has been observed during the room-temperature growth of sputtered Au films on SiO2using the atomic force microscopy technique. By the analyses of the dependence of the roughness, σ, of the surface roughness power,P(f), and of the correlation length,ξ, on the film thickness,h, the roughness exponent,α= 0.9 ± 0.1, the growth exponent,β= 0.3 ± 0.1, and the dynamic scaling exponent,z= 3.0 ± 0.1 were independently obtained. These values suggest that the sputtering deposition of Au on SiO2at room temperature belongs to a conservative growth process in which the Au grain boundary diffusion plays a dominant role.
Physical Models and Physiological Concepts: Explanation in Nineteenth-Century Biology
Authors: Mendelsohn Everett 
Published: January 2009

SynopsisThe response to physics and chemistry which characterized mid-nineteenth century physiology took two major directions. One, found most prominently among the German physiologists, developed explanatory models which had as their fundamental assumption the ultimate reducibility of all biological phenomena to the laws of physics and chemistry. The other, characteristic of the French school of physiology, recognized that physics and chemistry provided potent analytical tools for the exploration of physiological activities, but assumed in the construction of explanatory models that the organism involved special levels of organization and that there must, in consequence, be special biological laws.The roots of this argument about concept formation in physiology are explored in the works of Theodor Schwann, Johannes Müller, François Magendie and Claude Bernard among others.
Voluntary Science in Nineteenth Century Cambridge University to the 1850's
Authors: Becher Harvey W. 
Published: January 2009

SUMMARYIn recent years, historians have come to question earlier Whig interpretations that there was little science or science teaching done at Cambridge University prior to the appointment of Cambridge University Parliamentary Commissions in the 1850's. However, there has been no comprehensive survey of scientific activity at Cambridge in the first half of the nineteenth century. This essay, based upon research which penetrates beneath pedagogical tracts and Whig criticisms (both nineteenth and twentieth century varieties) reveals that Cambridge science professors researched, lectured, gave experimental demonstrations and provided other educational opportunities. Furthermore, it shows that serious attempts to provide research and teaching facilities met with some success and might have met with more if not for the intervention of specific historical incidents compounded by financial problems and the consequences of the upgrading of the core of the Cambridge curriculum. Before the sciences became alternative routes to a Bachelor of Arts Degree and before the appointment of the first University Parliamentary Commissions, Cambridge dons laid the foundations for science at Cambridge in the second half of the century.
Thomas Simpson and ‘Newton's method of approximation’: an enduring myth
Authors: Kollerstrom Nick 
Published: January 2009

A resurgence of interest has occurred in ‘Newton's method of approximation’ for deriving the roots of equations, as its repetitive and mechanical character permits ready computer use. If x = α is an approximate root of the equation f(x) = 0, then the method will in most cases give a better approximation aswhere f′(x) is the derivative of the function into which α has been substituted. Older books sometimes called it ‘the Newton–Raphson method’, although the method was invented essentially in the above form by Thomas Simpson, who published his account of the method in 1740. However, as if through a time-warp, this invention has migrated back in time and is now matter-of-factly placed by historians in Newton's De analysi of 1669. This paper will describe the steps of this curious historical transposition, and speculate as to its cause.
Drunken speech and the construction of meaning: Bilingual competence in the Southern Peruvian Andes
Authors: Harvey Penelope M. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThis article examines the language use of drunken speakers in a bilingual community of the Southern Peruvian Andes. When drunk, speakers are less constrained in their linguistic choices by considerations of individual linguistic competence and of differential status between speaker and addressees. Cultural norms of heightened potency and diminished responsibility allow drunken speakers to extend their linguistic repertoires and to challenge established social relations. Spanish and Quechua carry very complex and ambiguous meanings related to local conceptions of power and evaluations of an Hispanic and a pre-Hispanic past. Drunks exploit the ambiguities in implicit social meanings that normally function to maintain the status quo as they use their extended communicative competence to present alternative views on the nature of social relations. (Bilingualism, language and power, social anthropology, South America)
A changing language situation: The decline of Dyirbal 1963–1989
Authors: Dixon R. M. W. 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTDyirbal was probably originally spoken by about 5,000 people across its 10 dialects. In 1963, the northern dialects had just a few speakers (now all dead save one), but two southern dialects had formed a language community with several score speakers, including a number of children. Over the past quarter-century, younger people have switched to English, while among the older ones a new “merged dialect” has developed. The social situations and attitudes of speakers are described, in addition to changing language identifications. The writer has seen Dyirbal contract in lexical and grammatical complexity as it has moved toward an inevitable extinction. (Sociolinguistics, language death, Australian Aboriginal languages, field methods)
How to talk to the supernatural in Shakespeare
Authors: Yonglin Yang 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTThe present study concerns itself mainly with Shakespeare's use of thou forms to individual ghosts, witches, and spirits. All of Shakespeare's 37 plays were examined; 10 were systematically searched for stretches of discourse that occur between human beings and supernatural beings. The proposition is advanced that there is a role-governed rule in the use of this pronoun to individual supernatural beings. The illustrations, statistical results, discussion, and citations from other sources support the proposition forcefully; unique exceptions are taken into consideration. Instances that indicate the possibility of a reciprocal use from and between such beings are given as well, together with possible reasons for the usage. (Pronouns of address, Shakespearean studies, supernatural beings)
Linguistic divergence in Fort Chipewyan
Authors: Cook Eung-Do 
Published: January 2009

ABSTRACTScollon and Scollon (1979) claimed that the consonantal system of Chipewyan in Fort Chipewyan has been reduced to 16 segments from 39 influenced by Cree, a case of linguistic convergence. This conclusion was based on their incoherent and indiscriminate admixture of variable data. While there is no Chipewyan speaker whose consonantal inventory includes only 16 phonemes, there is ample evidence for the merger of two series of coronal affricates in an innovative system like in other Athapaskan languages that have had no intimate contact with Cree. That is, there is evidence for intralinguistic divergence, but not for interlinguistic convergence. Neither is there any evidence to support another major claim by the Scollons that the sibilant alternations in Chipewyan are correlated with “world views.” All the changes, including sibilant alternations and coronal mergers, recorded in Fort Chipewyan are those frequently observed in other Athapaskan communities. (Language contact, change, convergence, divergence, variability, obsolescence, register, sociolinguistic variable)
A comparative study of endolithic microborings in basaltic lavas from a transitional subglacial–marine environment
Authors: Cousins Claire R. , Smellie John L. , Jones Adrian P. , Crawford Ian A. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractSubglacially erupted Neogene basaltic hyaloclastites in lava-fed deltas in Antarctica were found to contain putative endolithic microborings preserved in fresh glass along hydrous alteration boundaries. The location and existence over the past 6 Ma of these lava deltas has exposed them to successive interglacials and subsequent percolation of the hyaloclastite with marine water. A statistical study of the hyaloclastites has found that endolithic microborings are distinctly more abundant within samples that show evidence for marine alteration, compared with those that have remained in a strictly freshwater (glacial) environment. Additionally, correlation between elevation and the abundance of microborings shows endolithic activity to be more prolific within lower elevation samples, where the hyaloclastites were influenced by marine fluids. Our study strongly suggests that endolithic microborings form more readily in marine-influenced, rather than freshwater environments. Indeed, marine fluids may be a necessary precondition for the microbial activity responsible. Thus, we suggest that the chemistry and origin of alteration fluids are controlling factors on the formation of endolithic microborings in basaltic glass. The study also contributes to the understanding of how endolithic microborings could be used as a biosignature on Mars, where basaltic lavas and aqueous alteration are known to have existed in the past.
CA repeat and RsaI polymorphisms in ERβ gene are not associated with infertility in Indian men
Authors: Khattri A. , Pandey R. K. , Gupta N. J. , Chakravarty B. , Deendayal M. , Singh L. , Thangaraj K. 
Published: January 2009

SummaryOestrogen Receptor β (ERβ) gene plays an important role in the regulation of fertility in both males and females. Polymorphism in CA repeat located in the flanking region of ERβ has been shown to be associated with several diseases, but its association with male infertility has not been analysed so far. However, RsaI polymorphism (rs1256049) in exon 5 of ERβ has been shown to be associated with male infertility in Caucasian patients. Hence, we have analysed 695 Indian men, including 443 infertile and 252 fertile men to evaluate the association of CA repeat length and RsaI polymorphisms in male infertility. Our results revealed no significant difference in the distribution of CA repeat length between infertile (mean ± SD 23.24 ± 2.06, median 24) and fertile men (mean ± SD 23.16 ± 2.27, median 24). The analysis of dosage effect by classifying samples into SS (short/short), SL (short/long) and LL (long/long) groups also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Similarly, RsaI polymorphism also did not show any significant difference between infertile and fertile men. Furthermore, the combined analysis of CA repeat and RsaI polymorphisms by haplotyping showed that the distribution of haplotypes was not significantly different between fertile and infertile men. Our results suggest that CA repeat length and RsaI polymorphisms in ERβ are not associated with infertility in Indian men.
Guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of syphilis in East European countries
Authors: Sokolovskiy E , Frigo N , Rotanov S , Savicheva A , Dolia O , Kitajeva N , Hallén A , Unemo M , Domeika M , Ballard R , Network EESRH 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe present guidelines aim to provide comprehensive and precise information regarding the laboratory diagnosis of the sexually transmitted infection (STI) syphilis in East European countries. These recommendations contain important information for laboratory staff working with STIs and/or STI‐related issues. Individual East European countries may be required to make minor national adjustments to these guidelines as a result of lack of accessibility to some reagents or equipment, or laws in a specific country.Conflicts of interestNone declared.