bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Quantitative typological analysis applied to the morphology of export mugs and their social factors in the Ming and Qing dynasties from the perspective of East–West trade
Authors: Ao Jinghui , Xu Zilin , Li Weicong , Ji Shanshan , Qiu Ran 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
The relationship between social factors and the formation of exported mug designs is blurred. This study addresses how they influence material design. Based on a quantitative typological analysis, this paper interprets the cultural relationships underlying the evolution of mug designs exported during the Ming and Qing dynasties. The study reveals: (1) the typology and handle styles of mugs can be categorized into six types, with a predominance of Cylindrical bodies and Ear-shaped handles. Notably, artistic emphasis is concentrated on Bulbous cup bodies and Tail outward curved handles; (2) the design of mugs in the eighteenth century exhibited diversity, morphological similarities, and feature continuity, evolving from representational (Ming Dynasty) to abstract and then to minimalistic styles (Qing Dynasty), particularly evident in the three-dimensional modeling of handles for ergonomic comfort (transitioning from a singular Outward curved form to Ear-shaped form, and then to Entwined branch form); (3) the body shape of mugs transformed from Arc-barrel bodies to Bulbous bodies (focusing on heat retention), and eventually to Cylindrical bodies (prioritizing heat retention, practicality, and cost-efficiency).; (4) the volume of mugs steadily increased from the early eighteenth century, generally classified into large volume (≥ 500 ml), medium volume (200-499 ml), and small volume (< 200 ml); (5) considering the extreme range of volume (11090 ml) and height (25 cm), it indicates that these two variables do not necessarily have a direct positive correlation; (6) the low center of gravity in handle design (average width of 3.4 cm against an average height of 9.9 cm for the body) reflects considerations for the distribution of liquid weight and operational convenience. The volume of sample-10 (11127 ml) notably exceeds the typical range for tea-drinking utensils, revealing the mechanism of wealth and status symbolism. Market demand orientation emerged as the primary driver for the evolution of export mug designs during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, with adjustments in the merchant system playing a secondary role. The transformation in mug design reflects the interplay of multiple factors, with the trend toward minimalist design being a response to market demands.
Real-time earthquake magnitude estimation via a deep learning network based on waveform and text mixed modal
Authors: Hou Baorui , Zhou Yueyong , Li Shanyou , Wei Yongxiang , Song Jindong 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRapid and accurate earthquake magnitude estimations are essential for earthquake early warning (EEW) systems. The distance information between the seismometers and the earthquake hypocenter can be important to the magnitude estimation. We designed a deep-learning, multiple-seismometer-based magnitude estimation method using three heterogeneous multimodalities: three-component acceleration seismograms, differential P-arrivals, and differential seismometer locations, with a specific transformer architecture to introduce the implicit distance information. Using a data-augmentation strategy, we trained and selected the model using 5365 and 728 earthquakes. To evaluate the magnitude estimation performance, we use the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and standard deviation error (ϭ) between the catalog and the predicted magnitude using the 2051 earthquakes. The model could achieve RMSE, MAE, and ϭ less than 0.38, 0.29, and 0.38 when the passing time of the earliest P-arrival is 3 s and stabilize to the final values of 0.20, 0.15, and 0.20 after 14 s. The comparison between the proposed model and model ii, which is retrained without the specific architecture, indicates that the architecture contributes to the magnitude estimation. The P-arrivals picking error testing indicates the model could provide robust magnitude estimation on EEW with an absolute error of less than 0.2 s.
Graphical Abstract
Contrasting the nature of plastic fluctuations in small-sized systems of BCC and FCC materials
Authors: Weiss Jérôme , Zhang Peng , Cheng Pengming , Liu Gang 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIt is now well established that, upon decreasing system sizes down to a few $$\upmu$$
μ
m or below, the nature of plasticity of metallic materials is changing. Two important features of this small-sizes plasticity are two size effects, which can be summed up as “smaller is stronger” and “smaller is wilder”, this last observation meaning that the jerkiness of plastic deformation becomes prominent at small enough system sizes. In FCC and HCP materials, this is now rather well understood within the framework of obstacle-controlled plasticity, from the key role of a scaling ratio between the system size L and an internal scale l mainly dictated by dislocation patterning in pure materials, or by the nature of extrinsic disorder in alloys. The situation is more complex in BCC materials, for which screw dislocation motion becomes lattice-controlled, i.e. is thermally activated, below a transition temperature $$T_a$$

T
a

. Therefore, in small-sized BCC systems, temperature, size and strain-rate effects combine to give rise to a complex landscape. We show, from an analysis of the literature as well as micropillar compression tests on Molybdenum performed with different sample sizes, under different temperatures and different applied strain-rates, that (i) near or above $$T_a$$

T
a

, the plasticity of pure BCC metals is athermal and obstacle-controlled, much like at bulk scales, therefore mimicking that of pure FCC metals; (ii) below $$T_a$$

T
a

and for sample sizes larger than $$\sim$$
∼
1 $$\upmu$$
μ
m, BCC plasticity becomes lattice-controlled, this damping dislocation avalanches and thus reducing wildness; but (iii) for very small systems, still below $$T_a$$

T
a

, the role of screw dislocations on plasticity vanishes, i.e. is no more lattice-controlled, opening again the door for wild plastic fluctuations and jerkiness.
Using nonlinear auto-regressive with exogenous input neural network (NNARX) in blood glucose prediction
Authors: Allam Fayrouz 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
Predicting of future blood glucose (BG) concentration is important for diabetes control. Many automatic BG monitoring or controlling systems use BG predictors. The accuracy of the prediction for long prediction time is a major factor affecting the performance of the control system. The predicted BG can be used for glycemia management in the form of early hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic alarms or adjusting insulin injections. Recent developments in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices open new opportunities for glycemia management of diabetic patients. Many of those systems need prediction for long prediction horizons to avoid going through hypo or hyperglycemia.

Methods
In this article a nonlinear autoregressive exogenous input neural network (NNARX) is proposed to predict the glucose concentration for longer prediction horizons (PHs) than that was obtained previously with an established recurrent neural network (RNN). The proposed NNARX is a modified version from our previously published RNN with different initialization and building technique but has the same architecture. The modification is based on starting with building nonlinear autoregressive exogenous input model using MATLAB and train it, then close the loop to get NNARX network.

Results
The results of using the proposed NNARX indicate that the proposed NNARX is better in prediction and stability than unmodified RNN as PH becomes higher than 45 minutes.

Conclusions
Modification in RNN building extends the ability of the prediction till 100 minutes. It performs statistically significant improvements in the FIT and RMSE values for 100 minutes prediction. It also decreases root mean squared error (RMSE) for both 45 and 60 minutes of prediction.
Response of vulnerable karst forest ecosystems under different fire severities in the Northern Dinaric Karst mountains (Slovenia)
Authors: Čahojová Lucia , Jakob Aljaž , Breg Valjavec Mateja , Čarni Andraž 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background
This study deals with wildfires in marginal areas of the Mediterranean climatic and biogeographical regions (Northern Mediterranean) where fires were not common. The aim of the research was to determine the differences in floristic composition and traits at different intensities of fire damage and to analyze the changes in forest ecosystems during the wildfires that took place in the summer of 2022. The study included both the zonal forests and non-native black pine (Pinus nigra) forests. Remote sensing techniques linked to the vegetation data sampled in the field during the 2023 vegetation season, the very first season after the fires, were also used in the fire assessment.

Results
The study confirmed that satellite data analysis, orthophoto interpretation, and on-site vegetation sampling provide equivalent information on fire severity, opening up the possibility of transferring knowledge to similar post-fire sites without field sampling in the future. TWINSPAN classification analysis divided the sampled plots into clusters based on tree species prevalence and fire severity. The diagnostic species of the clusters were calculated using a fidelity measure. Ordination revealed that the first axis on the detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) correlated with wildfire severity. Ecological conditions and strategies, life forms, chorotypes, seed dispersal classes, and regeneration traits were analyzed along this gradient. We found that post-fire sites became warmer, drier, and lighter, which favored the growth of ruderal, theropytic, cosmopolitan, anemochorous and post-fire emergent species. After the fire, a “wave” of annual ruderal species was observed.

Conclusions
The results indicate that post-fire recovery can be left to natural processes without human intervention, except in the case of non-native pine stands where planting or seeding may be necessary. Otherwise, it is essential to control the possible occurrence of invasive species. Isolated adaptations of species to fire have also been observed, such as heat-stimulated germination. Such adaptations could develop in regions exposed to frequent fires and where fires act as an evolutionary factor.
High-dimensional Poincaré beams generated through cascaded metasurfaces for high-security optical encryption
Authors: Ji Jitao , Chen Chen , Sun Jiacheng , Ye Xin , Wang Zhizhang , Li Jian , Wang Junyi , Song Wange , Huang Chunyu , Qiu Kai , Zhu Shining , Li Tao 
Published: April 2024

AbstractOptical encryption plays an increasingly important role in the field of information security owing to its parallel processing capability and low power consumption. Employing the ultrathin metasurfaces in optical encryption has promoted the miniaturization and multifunctionality of encryption systems. Nevertheless, with the few number of degrees of freedom (DoFs) multiplexed by single metasurface, both key space and encoding space are limited. To address this issue, we propose a high-security and large-capacity optical encryption scheme based on perfect high-dimensional Poincaré beams with expanded DoFs. By cascading two arrayed metasurfaces, more beam properties can be independently engineered, which gives rise to the extensively expanded key and encoding spaces. Our work provides a promising strategy for optical encryption with high security level and large information capacity and might facilitate the applications of Poincaré beams in optical communications and quantum information.
Experimental and numerical investigation into the local scour of bridge cofferdam with anti-scour ribs
Authors: Ran Pengxin , Wei Kai , Zhang Bike , Wang Lu , Nie Ruihua , Li Yongle 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCofferdam is widely employed in the construction of underwater bridge foundations. Its crucial attribute lies in providing a dedicated platform for construction activities and enhancing the water resistance dimensions in structural design, consequently amplifying local scour. However, previous research on local scour has seldom investigated the effect of construction facilities on the life cycle development of local scour on foundations. This gap has led to a misunderstanding of protective strategies against local scour throughout the construction period. In this paper, a scour experiment platform was implemented with a unidirectional flume. Physical model experiments were conducted to scrutinize the protective impact of anti-scour rib structures against local scour. The experimentally determined scour depth was compared to assess the performance of the anti-scour rib protection system. Oblique photogrammetry was subsequently used to capture the morphology of the equilibrium scour pit in the experiments. The associated topographical data were imported into Fluent commercial fluid software for in-depth flow field analysis. A numerical flume model was established to examine the hydraulic characteristics under two distinct topographical conditions: a smooth riverbed during the initial stage of scour and a scoured riverbed at the equilibrium stage of scour. To further determine the protective mechanism of anti-scour rib protection, the influence of anti-scour rib protection on shear stress was investigated numerically. Analyses revealed that incorporating scour protection ribs during cofferdam construction alters the flow field characteristics, hindering the downward movement of subsurface flow beneath the structure, reducing bed shear stress, and consequently mitigating scour effects. The instantaneous protective effect of scour protection ribs strengthens as the scour topography develops. The protective effectiveness of scour protection ribs was mainly influenced by rib length, spacing, and shape.
Approach to the Neonate With Hypoglycemia
Authors: Lord Katherine , De León Diva D 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
After birth, healthy neonates undergo a period of altered glucose metabolism, known as “transitional hypoglycemia.” During the first 0 to 4 hours of life, the mean plasma glucose concentration decreases to 57 mg/dL, then by 72 to 96 hours of life increases to 82 mg/dL, well within the normal adult range. Recent data suggest that transitional hypoglycemia is due to persistence of the fetal beta cell's lower threshold for insulin release, resulting in a transient hyperinsulinemic state. While hypoglycemia is an expected part of the transition to postnatal life, it makes the identification of infants with persistent hypoglycemia disorders challenging. Given the risk of neurologic injury from hypoglycemia, identifying these infants is critical. Hyperinsulinism is the most common cause of persistent hypoglycemia in neonates and infants and carries a high risk of neurocognitive dysfunction given the severity of the hypoglycemia and the inability to generate ketones, a critical alternative cerebral fuel. Screening neonates at risk for persistent hypoglycemia disorders and completing evaluations prior to hospital discharge is essential to prevent delayed diagnoses and neurologic damage.
Long-term Pegvisomant Therapy of Acromegaly: Effects on Bone Density, Turnover and Microstructure Using HRpQCT
Authors: Kuker Adriana P , Agarwal Sanchita , Shane Elizabeth , Bicca Juliana , Geer Eliza B , Cremers Serge , Dworakowski Elzbieta , Cohen Adi , Nickolas Thomas L , Stein Emily M , Freda Pamela U 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Context
Fracture rate is increased in patients with active acromegaly and those in remission. Abnormalities of bone microstructure are present in patients with active disease and persist despite biochemical control after surgery. Effects of treatment with the GH receptor antagonist pegvisomant on bone microstructure were unknown.

Methods
We studied 25 patients with acromegaly (15 men, 10 women). In 20, we evaluated areal bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and bone turnover markers (BTMs) longitudinally, before and during pegvisomant treatment. After long-term pegvisomant in 17, we cross-sectionally assessed volumetric BMD, microarchitecture, stiffness, and failure load of the distal radius and tibia using high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HRpQCT) and compared these results to those of healthy controls and 2 comparison groups of nonpegvisomant-treated acromegaly patients, remission, and active disease, matched for other therapies and characteristics.

Results
In the longitudinal study, areal BMD improved at the lumbar spine but decreased at the hip in men after a median ∼7 years of pegvisomant. In the cross-sectional study, patients on a median ∼9 years of pegvisomant had significantly larger bones, lower trabecular and cortical volumetric density, and disrupted trabecular microarchitecture compared to healthy controls. Microstructure was similar in the pegvisomant and acromegaly comparison groups. BTMs were lowered, then stable over time.

Conclusion
In this, the first study to examine bone microstructure in pegvisomant-treated acromegaly, we found deficits in volumetric BMD and microarchitecture of the peripheral skeleton. BTM levels remained stable with long-term therapy. Deficits in bone quality identified by HRpQCT may play a role in the pathogenesis of fragility in treated acromegaly.
Growth, filtration and respiration characteristics of small single-osculum demosponge Halichondria panicea explants
Authors: Riisgård Hans Ulrik , Lüskow Florian , Larsen Poul S. 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACT
Filter-feeding demosponges are modular organisms that consist of modules each with one water-exit osculum. Once a mature module has been formed, the weight-specific filtration and respiration rates do not change. Sponge modules only grow to a certain size and for a sponge to increase in size, new modules must be formed. However, the growth characteristics of a small single-osculum module sponge are fundamentally different from those of multi-modular sponges, and a theoretically derived volume-specific filtration rate scales as F/V=V−1/3, indicating a decrease with increasing total module volume (V, cm3). Here, we studied filtration rate (F, l h−1), respiration rate (R, ml O2 h−1), volume-specific (F/V) and weight-specific (F/W) filtration rates, and the ratios F/R and F/W along with growth rates of small single-osculum demosponge Halichondria panicea explants of various sizes exposed to various concentrations of algal cells. The following relationships were found: F/V=7.08V−0.24, F=a1W1.05, and R=a2W0.68 where W is the dry weight (mg). The F/R and F/W ratios were constant and essentially independent of W, and other data indicate exponential growth. It is concluded that the experimental data support the theoretical F/V∝V–1/3.
An Overview of Surgical Strategies for Treating Obesity
Authors: Jędrasek Aleksandra , Barg Marta , Biały-Karbowniczek Julia , Bartela Agata , Wojtyła Klaudia 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: In the last few years, obesity has become a central issue with more than 2.6 billion people worldwide being overweight or obese. While the risks associated with this condition and its rising significance are widely known, the effect of this attention on screening and treatment remains unsatisfying. This paper explores multiple treatment strategies and evaluates their effectiveness in preventing obesity-related complications.
Review methods: We conducted our study as a literature review, with data being gathered via PubMed and Embase.
The state of knowledge: Physical activity, behavioral therapy, and proper nutrition remain the foundation for obesity therapy. However, in many cases these approaches are insufficient. Recently, there has been a dynamic development of bariatric surgery, which in comparison to lifestyle modification, results in better long-term effects and improved quality of life. New surgery procedures, such as sleeve gastrectomy and adjustable gastric banding, have shown to be one of the most effective, but they carry a risk of complications.
Conclusions: Growing treatment options allow doctors to choose more targeted strategies, based on the patient’s risk factors, overall health status, and compliance. Improvements in surgery, especially laparoscopic techniques have opened new possibilities for patients with morbid obesity.
Site Visits and Corporate Investment Efficiency
Authors: Cao Sean Shun , Gong Guojin , Kim Yongtae , Shi Hanzhong , Wang Angie 
Published: April 2024

Site visits allow visitors to physically inspect productive resources and interact with on-site employees and executives face to face. We posit that, by allowing visitors to acquire investment-related information and monitor the management team, site visits offer disciplinary benefits for corporate investments. Using mandatory disclosures of site visits in China, we find that corporate investments become more responsive to growth opportunities as the intensity of site visits increases, consistent with the notion that site visits yield disciplinary benefits. We also find that the positive association between site visits and investment efficiency is more pronounced when visitors can glean more investment-related information and when they have stronger incentives and greater power to monitor managers. This positive association is also stronger among firms with more severe agency problems and higher asset tangibility. The overall evidence supports the notion that site visits serve as a unique venue for institutional investors and financial analysts to acquire valuable information and serve a monitoring function, which generates disciplinary benefits for corporate investments. This paper was accepted by Suraj Srinivasan, accounting. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00302 .