bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recurrent Scar Endometriosis in A Young Lady of 23 Years
Authors: Siddiquee Fayela Subrun , Sen Shila , Rahman Md Mahbubur 
Published: January 2009

A young lady of 23 years was admitted in the Gynaecology & Obstetrics department of the Community Based Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh with sensation of irregular fixed mass in left side of lower anterior abdominal wall in and around her previous scar for 01 year and periodic pain in that mass for 8 months during menstruation. Some times she felt colicky pain in lower and umbilical region, not related with menstruation. This lady was married for 6 years and para - 01 (still birth) and delivery was done by lower uterine caesarean section 4Â½ years back, and developed such mass for a few months after lower uterine caesarean section. This mass was excised 3Â½ years back. On the basis of history , clinical findings, ultra sonongrphic finding and histopathological report, this case was diagnosed as scar endometriosis. She was also getting post operatively synthetic androgen for 6 months (400 mg daily). She again developed that mass 01 year after operation. Now she is almost free from pelvic pain by using synthetic androgen (Denazol) and is advised for pregnancy with assisted by reproductive technology. All current therapies offer relief but cannot assure cure of recurrent scar endometriosis. Even after definitive surgery, endometriosis may recur. Definitive surgical treatment followed by long term oestrogen therapy yields better results. However the future treatment options should greatly improved upon what is offered now. Key Words: Endometriosis; scar; pelvis; pain Â Â doi: 10.3329/jbsp.v3i0.1804 J Bangladesh Soc Physiol.2008 Dec;(3):85-89.
Evaluation of Aceclofenac Loaded Agarose Beads Prepared by Ionotropic Gelation Method
Authors: Yesmin Farhana , Talukder Md Mesbah Uddin , Islam Muhammad Shahidul , Laila Susmita , Haque Tasnuva 
Published: January 2009

Aceclofenac loaded agarose beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and drug release profile, swelling index (SI %) and entrapping efficiency (EE %) of aceclofenac were investigated. The drug was dissolved in melted 4 % agar solution in different ratios. Beads were prepared by dropping the hot aqueous solution into a beaker of different percentages of chilled CaCl2 solution followed by filtering the solution and drying at room temperature. The entrapment efficiency was 100Â±5 %. The swelling index was found to be highest (18.22 % in 4 hours) for beads containing aceclofenac-agar (1:2) in 4 % electrolyte solutions and the swelling property was decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration. In vitro dissolution of beads was carried out in USP apparatus-II (paddle method) at 75 rpm. The drug release was measured by using UV-Spectrophotometer at Î»max of 268 nm for acid media and 274 nm for buffer media. The dissolution data were treated with zero order, first order and Higuchi model. Half of the formulations were fitted to Higuchi model and rest half to first order model. Finally it can be concluded that with the increasing polymer (agar) concentration, the release rate of aceclofenac was decreased and swelling index was increased and with the increasing electrolyte concentration, the release rate was increased and swelling index was decreased. Key Words: Aceclofenac, Agarose bead, Electrolyte, Ionotropic Gelation method. Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1780 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2):10-17
<i>In Vitro</i> Nitric Oxide Scavenging Activity of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Four Bangladeshi Medicinal Plants
Authors: Saha Moni Rani , Jahangir Rumana , Vhuiyan Md Mynol Islam , Biva Israt Jahan 
Published: January 2009

The ethanol leaf extracts of four medicinal plants named Hibiscus mutabilis, Leucas aspera, Ixora coccinea and Polyalthia longifolia were examined for their possible regulatory effect on nitric oxide (NO) levels using sodium nitroprusside as a NO donor in vitro. Most of the extracts tested demonstrated direct scavenging of NO and exhibited significant activity and the potency of scavenging activity was in the following order: Leucas aspera > Ixora coccinea > Hibiscus mutabilis> Polyalthia longifolia. All the evaluated extracts exhibited a dose-dependent NO scavenging activity. The ethanolic leaf extract of Leucas aspera showed the greatest NO scavenging effect of 80.50% at 320 Î¼g/ml with IC50 value of 94.15 Î¼g/ml as compared to the positive control ascorbic acid where 74.56 % scavenging was observed at similar concentration with IC50 value of 62.48 Î¼g/mL. The maximum NO scavenging of Ixora coccinea, Hibiscus mutabilis and Polyalthia longifolia were 79.65 %, 78.60% and 70.67 % with IC50 values of 43.72 Î¼g/ml, 147.64 Î¼g/ml and 167.08 Î¼g/ml respectively. The present results suggest that these plants might be potent and novel therapeutic agents for scavenging of NO and the regulation of pathological conditions caused by excessive generation of NO and its oxidation product. Keywords: Nitric oxide scavenging activity, Antioxidant study, Active nitrogen species. Â doi:10.3329/sjps.v1i1.1809 S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1(1&2): 57-62
Governance from below: contesting corporate environmentalism in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Van Alstine James 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMultinational corporations (MNCs) operating in developing countries face increasing social and environmental risk. Previous work on how MNCs seek to mitigate these risks has often failed to recognize the complexity and interaction between international, home and host country governance mechanisms. Here, however, changes in corporate environmental behaviour at the site level are evaluated in terms of the dynamics of local and cross‐scale institutionalization processes. The subject of the paper is the contestation of industrial pollution at Shell's Sapref oil refinery in Durban, South Africa. Using a novel research design, institutional and organizational theory is combined with social network analysis to explore how and why Sapref's environmental performance has changed over time. The analysis highlights mechanisms of institutional change and how MNC environmental performance can be contested and constructed from the bottom up, thus calling into question the effectiveness of the global environmental governance processes. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Computer application in solving statically determinate truss problems using FEA and Matlab
Authors: Zhao Jiaxin 
Published: January 2009

AbstractFinite Element Analysis (FEA) is a very powerful tool that is used in virtually every area in the field of Mechanical Engineering and many other disciplines. It is beneficial for the mechanical engineering students to have exposure to this tool as early as possible and as frequently as possible in their engineering education. The earliest time comes when the students are taught the truss problems in Statics. However, the traditional finite element formulation uses the displacement as the solution variable, and the deformation theory is generally not covered in a traditional Statics course. In this article, a MATLAB computer model of FEA solution for truss problems is presented. Finite element formulations for truss problems with the solution variables being the forces inside the truss members and the reaction forces at the fixed and sliding joints are presented step by step. The property of the final assembled coefficient matrix, with the boundary conditions applied, determines the truss problem at hand to be statically determinate or statically indeterminate. Using this approach, students in sophomore Statics course can be taught the FEA methodology, without knowing the deformation theory. The computer implementation using Matlab also strengthens the students' knowledge of the software that they learned in a freshman Computer Tools For Engineers class and their programming skills. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 363–371, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20168
Social anxiety in adolescents: the effect of video feedback on anxiety and the self‐evaluation of performance
Authors: Parr Clare J. , Cartwright‐Hatton Sam 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackground: A negative self‐generated image is thought to play a role in the development and maintenance of social anxiety. Video feedback (VF) is an effective therapeutic technique for correcting this distorted image with adults during stressful social tasks. This study investigated the effectiveness of VF with adolescents. Method: Thirty‐six highly socially anxious adolescents (13 to 17‐year‐olds) were randomly assigned to one of two groups: VF or no VF. Both groups gave two brief speeches to a video camera. Self‐rated measures of anticipatory anxiety, predicted performance and actual performance during the speeches were completed at several time points. The speeches were also rated by two independent observers. Results: Adolescents who received VF, in comparison with control participants, developed more positive appraisals of their performance during the first speech. Predictions of their performance on the second speech also improved, and a reduction in state anxiety was observed. Furthermore, a more positive appraisal of performance was generalized to the second speech. The independent observers could not distinguish between the participants who received VF and those who did not. Conclusions: When used with socially anxious adolescents, VF may be a beneficial therapeutic technique in correcting a distorted self‐perception of performance, reducing anxiety prior to entering a stressful social task and enhancing predictions of performance for future tasks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lichen extracts as raw materials in perfumery. Part 1: oakmoss
Authors: Joulain Daniel , Tabacchi Raphaël 
Published: January 2009

AbstractA comprehensive review is presented on extracts of a lichen, oakmoss (Evernia prunastri), that are used in the fragrance industry. Analytical aspects are discussed in detail, from both qualitative and quantitative standpoints, mainly in relation to the industrial processing of the lichen. It is shown that more than 170 constituents have been identified so far in oakmoss extracts, including 47 depsides or depside‐derived compounds and 25 triterpenes or steroids. A survey of industrially relevant synthetic products with an oakmoss odour is included. Toxicology issues related to the use of oakmoss extracts in cosmetics and fragrance formulations are critically reviewed. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genetic and chemical assessment of Arbequina olive cultivar grown in Córdoba province, Argentina
Authors: Torres Mariela M , Pierantozzi Pierluigi , Cáceres María Eugenia , Labombarda Paola , Fontanazza Giuseppe , Maestri Damián M 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBACKGROUND: Thirty‐eight accessions of olive (Olea europaea L.) originating from Córdoba province (Argentina) and preliminarily identified as belonging to the Arbequina variety were genotyped using AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) DNA markers. Also, the oil chemical composition was studied during three consecutive crop years. The objectives of the work were (a) to investigate genetic intra‐cultivar diversity and (b) to evaluate the oil chemical composition and compare it with that of Arbequina oil produced in Spain.RESULTS: The 19 primer combinations employed to perform the AFLP analysis produced 98 polymorphic bands. A reduced genetic heterogeneity was obtained, confirming that (a) the selected accessions belong to the Arbequina variety and (b) the traditional vegetative propagation practice has caused low genetic erosion in this variety cultivated in Córdoba. The main features that characterise the Argentinian Arbequina oils studied are the lower content of oleic acid and higher levels of phenolics and high‐molecular‐weight volatile compounds compared with those found in Spanish Arbequina oils.CONCLUSION: In spite of the small proportion of intra‐cultivar variability, the Arbequina variety grown in Argentina produces oils with different chemical traits from those obtained in the original Spanish growing region. These differences can be attributed mainly to the particular environmental conditions of the olive‐growing areas in these countries. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
The fate of mycotoxins during thermal food processing
Authors: Kabak Bulent 
Published: January 2009

AbstractMycotoxins are considered to be heat‐stable molecules. Because of their toxic effects, information about their stability in thermal processes and potential inactivation procedures is needed. Numerous reports in the literature over a number of years have described the fate of mycotoxin during thermal food processing, including cooking, boiling, baking, frying, roasting and pasteurization. This review focuses on the effects of various thermal treatments on mycotoxins, while the fate of mycotoxins during extrusion processing, which is one of the most important technologies employed in the food industry, will also be reviewed. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry
The impact of patient‐perceived restricted access to anti‐TNF therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a qualitative study
Authors: Sanderson Tessa , Calnan Michael , Morris Marianne , Richards Pam , Hewlett Sarah 
Published: January 2009

AbstractObjective: To explore rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients' experience of access to anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) therapy in the UK, and of switching therapies after an initial failure.Methods: Patients were asked about their experience of accessing, receiving and discontinuing anti‐TNF therapy in face‐to‐face indepth interviews, within the context of the larger study about treatment outcomes. Seventeen individuals with a diagnosis of RA and experience of receiving anti‐TNF therapy were interviewed in one hospital trust in England.Results: Different emotions (Theme 1) surrounded the process of accessing anti‐TNF therapy: hope, desperation, apprehension, anxiety and frustration. Experience of receiving anti‐TNF therapy (Theme 2) included not only positive transformation, but also fear of failure and discontinuation. The subsequent value that patients placed on anti‐TNF therapy (Theme 3) included having a right to receive therapy and being lucky. These three themes were underpinned by the core category of ‘willing to try anything’. Those switching therapies reported increased caution over the possibility of recurring side effects, but some suggestion of benefit. There was a perception that access to anti‐TNF therapy was restricted by cost, rather than being recommended for those in clinical need.Conclusions: Anti‐TNF therapies may have a sudden and dramatic impact on RA patients' lives that contrast with other available medications. However, the stress of the patient's journey through the need to ‘qualify’ for anti‐TNF therapy, and the fear of failing or discontinuation of therapy, should not be underestimated by clinicians. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parkin regulates paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer via a microtubule‐dependent mechanism
Authors: Wang Hongxia , Liu Bingbing , Zhang Chao , Peng Guoyuan , Liu Min , Li Dengwen , Gu Feng , Chen Quan , Dong Jin‐Tang , Fu Li , Zhou Jun 
Published: January 2009

AbstractParkin is an E3 ubiquitin ligase encoded by the Parkin gene (also called PARK2, located at 6q25.2‐q27) and is involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and the development of cancer. Recently, Parkin has been demonstrated to interact with the microtubule cytoskeleton. However, the biological implication of the Parkin–microtubule axis has been poorly explored. In this study, we report for the first time that Parkin modulates sensitivity of the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel in breast cancer, via a microtubule‐dependent mechanism. Our data reveal that Parkin binds to the outer surface of microtubules and increases paclitaxel–microtubule interaction, resulting in enhanced paclitaxel‐induced microtubule assembly and stabilization. Our data further show that Parkin promotes the activity of paclitaxel to trigger multinucleation and apoptosis, rendering breast cancer cells more sensitive to this drug. Moreover, Parkin expression correlates with the pathological response of tumours to preoperative paclitaxel‐containing chemotherapy. In addition, expression of Parkin also correlates with the sensitivity of paclitaxel in primary cultures of breast cancer cells. Our results identify Parkin as a novel mediator of paclitaxel sensitivity in breast cancer. In addition, our study suggests that patients harbouring tumours with high Parkin level would be more likely to benefit from paclitaxel‐containing regimens. Copyright © 2009 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic spectrum management for cognitive radio: an overview
Authors: Khozeimeh F. , Haykin S. 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe currently in use spectrum management policies are responsible for the poor utilization of the electromagnetic radio spectrum. By performing dynamic spectrum management (DSM), cognitive radio (CR) has the potential to increase the radio spectrum efficiency significantly and has gained a lot of attention recently. In this paper, we present an overview of the DSM problem in CR. After describing the CR briefly, the DSM is explained. In order to increase the spectrum utilization efficiency, CR tries to share the spectrum with primary users. We discuss two methods for spectrum‐sharing, namely price‐based spectrum‐sharing and opportunistic spectrum‐sharing. After introducing necessary mathematical definitions, the formulation of the DSM problem is presented. We show that the DSM problem is equivalent to a well‐known graph‐coloring problem (GCP) called list‐coloring. Finding the exact solution for this problem is computationally intensive and various approximate algorithms have been proposed to obtain suboptimum solutions. Finally, we discuss two approaches for solving the DSM problem: centralized approach and decentralized approach. Decentralized approach, although has complicated design and may not achieve the global optimum solution, is more suitable for CR due to scalability and lower complexity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tracheobronchial Lesions Following Esophagectomy: Erosions, Ulcers, and Fistulae, and the Predictive Value of Lymph Node‐Related Factors
Authors: Maruyama Kiyotomi , Motoyama Satoru , Sato Yusuke , Hayashi Kaori , Usami Shuetu , Minamiya Yoshihiro , Ogawa Jun‐ichi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractBackgroundFollowing esophagectomy, tracheobronchial lesions (TBLs) can occur as a result of ischemia caused by extensive dissection around the tracheobronchus. In this study we assessed the causes and clinical features of these complications, paying particular attention to lymph node (LN)‐related factors.MethodsBetween January 2000 and March 2007, 305 consecutive patients underwent subtotal esophagectomy using a transthoracic approach with LN dissection for thoracic esophageal cancer. TBLs, including erosions, ulcers, and fistulae, without traumatic injury during the operation, were detected during bronchoscopic examinations performed twice daily after the operation. The correlation between TBLs and tumor or surgical factors were analyzed.ResultsTBLs were observed in 14 patients, accounting for an overall incidence of 5%; these included 6 fistulae, 5 ulcers, and 3 erosions. Cases with TBLs significantly more often involved three‐field LN dissections (3FLD) than those without TBLs. Six (43%) patients with TBLs had more than four metastatic lymph nodes, while 9 (64%) had cervical and upper‐mediastinal LN metastasis (p = 0.034 and 0.041, respectively). More than 60 LNs were dissected from 10 (71%) patients with TBLs (p = 0.021), and logistic regression analysis revealed that dissection of more than 60 lymph nodes and 3FLD were independent predictors of TBLs.ConclusionsEsophageal cancer patients requiring extensive LN dissection of more than 60 nodes and/or 3FLD have an increased risk of developing a TBL during their postoperative course.
Cultural Predictors of Physical and Mental Health Status among Mexican American Women: A Mediation Model
Authors: Dinh Khanh T. , Castro Felipe González , Tein Jenn-Yun , Kim Su Yeong 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThis study, using secondary data analysis, examined a mediation model of acculturation and ethnic pride as predictors of physical and mental health outcomes in a sample of 561 Mexican American women. Factors postulated as mediators were family support and religiosity. Systematic across‐group comparison analyses were conducted to examine sources of differences in the mediation model between immigrant and non‐immigrant women. The results partially supported the hypothesized mediation model, indicating that family support, but not religiosity, was a significant mediator in the relationship between ethnic pride and mental health problems. In addition, as differences between immigrant and non‐immigrant women were observed only in the variables means, but not in the factor loadings or regression paths, the model tested may capture a common psychosocial process that affects these women and their health outcomes. Overall, this study offers important implications for future research and the design of intervention programs for Mexican American women.
Chemometric Characterization and Classification of Selected Freshwater and Marine Fishes from Turkey Based on their Fatty Acid Profiles
Authors: Diraman Harun , Dibeklioglu Hamdi 
Published: January 2009

AbstractThe fatty acid (FA) profiles of edible muscle of selected commercially important freshwater and marine fish species from Turkey were investigated. The fatty acid compositions of freshwater fish species were 23.00–29.60% saturated (SFA), 25.70–36.50% monounsaturated (MUFAs), and 26.59–31.92% polyunsaturated acids (PUFAs), whereas the fatty acid compositions of marine fish consisted of 21.08–36.90% (SFA), 18.03–51.45% MUFAs, and 20.92–53.17% PUFAs. There was a wide variation and significant (P < 0.05) differences among the fatty acid profiles of the freshwater and marine fish samples, including differences in the SFA, MUFA, PUFA, EPA, DHA, DHA/EPA, total n‐3 PFAs, total n‐6 PUFAs and n‐3/n‐6 values. In addition, the cheap marine fish species such as anchovy and European pilchard, bogue are better dietary sources of n‐3 PUFAs than more expensive species such as bluefish, Atlantic mackerel, sea bream and sea bass. Through the application of two multivariate statistical methods, Principal Component and Hierarchical Analysis, fish species from Turkey waters were classified according to the geographical locations categorized in terms of fatty acid profiles. Clustering by fish species also gave rise to defined groups.