bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the survival prediction index as a model of risk stratification for clinical research in dogs admitted to intensive care units at four locations
Authors: King Lesley G. , Wohl James S. , Manning Ann Marie , Hackner Susan G. , Raffe Marc R. , Maislin Greg 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To prospectively evaluate a survival prediction index (SPI) in dogs admitted to intensive care units (ICU) and to generate and test an improved SPI (ie, SPI2).Sample Population—Medical records of 624 critically ill dogs admitted to an ICU.Procedure—Data were collected from dogs within 24 hours after admission to an ICU. Variables recorded reflected function of vital organ systems, severity of underlying physiologic derangement, and extent of physiologic reserve; outcome was defined as dogs that survived or did not survive until 30 days after admission to the ICU. Probabilities of survival were calculated, using an established model (SPI). We then performed another logistic regression analysis, thereby reestimating the variables to create the new SPI2. Cross-validation of the models obtained was performed by randomly assigning the total sample of 624 dogs into an estimation group of 499 dogs and validation group of 125 dogs.Results—Testing of SPI resulted in an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.723. Testing of SPI2 revealed an AUC of 0.773. A backwards-elimination procedure was used to create a model containing fewer variables, and variables were sequentially eliminated. The AUC for the reduced model of SPI2 was 0.76, indicating little loss in predictive accuracy.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—The new SPI2 objectively stratified clinical patients into groups according to severity of disease. This index could provide an important tool for clinical research. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:948–954)
Effects of dilated cardiomyopathy on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, atrial natriuretic peptide activity, and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs
Authors: Tidholm Anna , Häggström Jens , Hansson Kerstin 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate the effect of dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) on activity of the reninangiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS), the N-terminal fragment of proatrial natriuretic peptide (NTproANP), and thyroid hormone concentrations in dogs.Animals—15 dogs with clinical signs of DCM, 15 dogs without clinical signs of DCM, and 15 age-, breed-, and sex-matched control dogs.Procedure—Physical examinations, thoracic radiography, ECG, and echocardiography were performed on all dogs, and blood and urine samples were collected.Results—Plasma renin activity (PRA), plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC), urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio, and NT-proANP concentrations were significantly increased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with dogs without clinical signs and control dogs. Thyroid-stimulating hormone and total thyroxine concentrations did not differ significantly among groups; however, free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations were significantly decreased in dogs with clinical signs of DCM, compared with control dogs and DCM-dogs without clinical signs. Concentrations of PRA, PAC, FT4, and urine aldosterone-to-creatinine ratio were significantly correlated, whereas plasma concentrations of NT-proANP only correlated with FT4concentration.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with clinical signs of DCM, increased concentrations of components of the RAAS were associated with increased concentrations of NT-proANP. Analysis of the neurohormonal system may aid in identification of clinical stages of DCM for groups of dogs, but the range is too great and there are too many dogs that have neurohormonal concentrations within reference ranges to assess dogs on an individual basis. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:961–967)
Comparison of the radius of curvature of the ulnar trochlear notch of Rottweilers and Greyhounds
Authors: Collins Kathleen E. , Cross Alan R. , Lewis Daniel D. , Zapata Jorge L. , Goett Scott D. , Newell Susan M. , Rapoff Andrew J. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To compare radius of curvature along the ulnar trochlear notch of Rottweilers and Greyhounds to determine whether morphologic differences exist that may contribute to the cause and pathogenesis of fragmented coronoid process in Rottweilers.Sample Population—Paired elbow joints from 13 Rottweilers and 14 Greyhounds.Procedure—Elbow joints were radiographically scored on the basis of severity of osteoarthritic lesions. The articular contour of each ulnar trochlear notch was digitized. The radius of curvature at defined points along the ulnar trochlear notch was compared between breeds.Results—Radius of curvature of the ulnar trochlear notch was not a constant function of arc length in either breed but had a consistent characteristic appearance in both breeds. Radius of curvature was greatest at each end of the ulnar trochlear notch and had 2 peaks in the midportion of the notch in both breeds. These peaks occurred farther distally in the notch and were larger in Rottweiler ulnae than Greyhound ulnae. A significant difference in mean radius of curvature was detected between breeds at these peaks. Greyhounds had significantly greater mean radius of curvature at the end of the medial coronoid process, compared with Rottweilers.Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Radius of curvature of the ulnar trochlear notch is a complex function of arc length in Rottweilers and Greyhounds. The waveform has a consistent characteristic appearance in both breeds. Although significant differences were identified between breeds, associations between these differences and cause or pathogenesis of fragmented coronoid process in Rottweilers were not apparent. (Am J Vet Res2001; 62:968–973)
Incidence of the endothelin receptor B mutation that causes lethal white foal syndrome in white-patterned horses
Authors: Santschi Elizabeth M. , Vrotsos Paul D. , Purdy Amanda K. , Mickelson James R. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine incidence of the Ile118Lys
endothelin receptor B (EDNRB) mutation responsible
for overo lethal white syndrome (OLWS) and its association
with specific types of white patterning.
Animals—945 horses of white-patterned bloodlines
and 55 solid-colored horses of other breeds.

Procedure—Horses were genotyped by use of allelespecific
polymerase chain reaction to determine incidence
of the Ile118Lys EDNRB mutation.

Results—Genotypes detected were homozygous
Ile118, homozygous Lys118, and heterozygous. All
foals with OLWS were homozygous for the Ile118Lys
EDNRB mutation, and adults that were homozygous
were not found. White patterning was strongly associated
with EDNRB genotype. Color patterns with
highest incidence (> 94%) of heterozygotes were
frame overo, highly white calico overo, and frame
blend overo. White-patterned bloodlines with lowest
incidence of heterozygotes (< 21%) were tobiano,
sabino, minimally white calico overo, splashed white
overo, nonframe blend overo, and breeding-stock
solid. The mutation was not detected in solid-colored
horses from breeds without white patterning.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In homozygotes,
the Ile118Lys EDNRB mutation causes OLWS.
In heterozygotes, the mutation is usually responsible
for a frame overo phenotype. The frame pattern can
be combined with other white patterns, making accurate
estimation of EDNRB genotype by visual inspection
difficult. Wide range of incidence of heterozygotes
in various subtypes of white-patterned horses
indicates different genetic control of these color patterns.
Determination of EDNRB genotype by use of a
DNA-based test is the only way to determine with
certainty whether white-patterned horses can produce
a foal affected with OLWS. ( Am J Vet Res
2001;62:97–103)
Expression and distribution of the Kit receptor in bovine bone marrow cells
Authors: Hikono Hirokazu , Ohta Masato , Zhou Jian-Hua , Sakurai Michiharu 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To characterize the expression and distribution of the Kit receptor in bovine bone marrow cells (BMC) and to define the function of its ligand, stem cell factor (SCF).Animals—Six 7- to 70-day-old healthy male Holstein-Friesian calves.Procedures—Expression and distribution of the Kit receptor were assessed by use of flow cytometry with monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the bovine Kit protein. Using Giemsa-stained centrifuged preparations, the histologic appearance of Kit receptor positive (Kit+) BMC were evaluated. Semisolid cultures supplemented with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and SCF were used to measure the colony formation capacity of Kit+BMC.Results—The Kit receptor was expressed on approximately 18% of total BMC. Most of Kit+BMC did not coexpress lineage markers, but a small subset of this population did coexpress CD3. The Kit+CD3– BMC were a heterogeneous cell population comprising blast-like cells such as myeloblasts, promyelocytes, rubriblasts, and prorubricytes. Conversely, Kit+CD3+BMC had a lymphocyte-like appearance. Kit+BMC formed colonies in semisolid culture with G-CSF, whereas Kit– BMC failed to grow. Addition of SCF to G-CSF resulted in superadditive enhancement in colony numbers and size.Conclusions—The Kit receptor is expressed primarily on immature blood cells in bovine bone marrow, and Kit+BMC contain hematopoietic progenitor cells that are reactive to G-CSF. In addition, SCF synergizes with G-CSF to stimulate colony formation by these cells. Our results suggest that the Kit receptor and its ligand, SCF, are involved in early stages of granulopoiesis in calves. (Am J Vet Res2001;62:974–977)
Susceptibility of ducks to avian pneumovirus of turkey origin
Authors: Shin Hyun-Jin , Njenga Moses K. , Halvorson David A. , Shaw Daniel P. , Nagaraja Kakambi V. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract

Objective—To determine the susceptibility of ducks
to avian pneumovirus (APV) of turkey origin.

Animals—30 Pekin ducks that were 2 weeks old.

Procedure—Ducks were assigned to 3 groups (10
ducks/group). Ducks of groups 1 and 2 were inoculated
(day 0) with 200 µl of cell-culture fluid containing
APV of turkey origin (105.5 median tissue-culture infective
dose/ml) by the oculonasal (group 1) or oral
(group 2) route. Ducks of group 3 served as noninoculated
control birds. Two ducks from each group were
euthanatized 3, 6, 9, 15, and 21 days after inoculation.
Blood samples, tissue samples from the lungs, trachea,
nasal turbinates, duodenum, diverticulum
vitellinum (Meckel's diverticulum), and cecum, and
swab specimens from the choana, cloaca, and trachea
were obtained from all birds during necropsy
and examined for APV by use of reverse transcriptase-
polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), virus isolation,
and histologic examination. Blood samples also
were examined for APV antibodies, using an ELISA.

Results—Tissue samples obtained up to 21 days after
inoculation had positive results when tested by use of
RT-PCR. Virus was isolated from nasal turbinates of
birds inoculated via the oculonasal route. Serum samples
obtained 15 and 21 days after inoculation had
positive results when tested for APV-specific antibody.
Clinical signs of disease were not observed in ducks
inoculated with APV of turkey origin.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Ducks inoculated
with APV of turkey origin may not develop clinical
signs of disease, but they are suspected to play a
role as nonclinical carriers of APV. (Am J Vet Res
2001;62:991–992)
Rate of carbon dioxide production and energy expenditure in fed and food-deprived adult dogs determined by indirect calorimetry and isotopic methods
Authors: Pouteau Etienne B. , Mariot Sandrine M. , Martin Lucile J. , Dumon Henri J. , Mabon Françoise J. , Krempf Michel A. , Robins Richard J. , Darmaun Dominique H. , Naulet Norbert A. , Nguyen Patrick G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate energy expenditure (EE) in dogs by estimating rate of CO2production (rCO2).Animals—15 Beagles.Procedure—Food was withheld for 24 hours, and all dogs received an IV infusion of13C sodium bicarbonate for 8 hours. Breath samples were collected before infusion and at 30-minute intervals from 4 to 8 hours, and13C enrichment in breath CO2was measured, using gas chromatography-isotopic ratio mass spectrometry. Food was withheld from 6 dogs, and rCO2and O2consumption were measured, using a conventional indirect calorimeter. The CO2production and O2consumption were measured by use of indirect calorimetry in 6 other fed dogs that were injected with2H2O and H218O. Blood samples were collected before tracer injection, 4 hours later, and on days 4, 7, and 11. Deuterium and18O enrichments in plasma water were determined.Results—Mean rCO2measured by indirect calorimetry was 516 ± 34 and 410 ± 16 µmol/kg0.75/min in 6 fed and 6 food-deprived dogs, respectively. The rCO2calculated from13C-bicarbonate dilution was 482 ± 30 µmol/kg0.75/min. Mean rCO2determined by use of the double-labeled water method was 1,036 ± 46 mmol/kg0.75/d. Mean energy expenditure calculated from rCO2determined by infusion of13C bicarbonate, indirect calorimetry in fed and food-deprived dogs, and infusion of double-labeled water was 386 ± 39, 379 ± 25, 338 ± 14, and 552 ± 25 kJ/kg0.75/d, respectively.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Energy expenditure calculated by indirect calorimetry in unfed dogs can be considered representative of basal metabolic rate. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:111–118)
Excretion in feces and mucosal persistence of Salmonellaser. Typhimurium in pigs subclinically infected with Oesophagostomum spp
Authors: Steenhard Nina R. , Jensen Tim K. , Baggesen Dorte L. , Roepstorff Allan , Møller Kristian 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine interactions betweenOesophagostomumspp andSalmonellaser. Typhimurium in pigs.Animals—30 healthy 5- to 6-week-old pigs.Procedure—Pigs were allotted to 3 groups (n = 10 pigs/group) and treated as follows: group A was givenOesophagostomum dentatumandO quadrispinulatum; group B was given O dentatum,O quadrispinulatum, andSTyphimurium; and group C was givenSTyphimurium only. Pigs in groups A and B were trickle infected with Oesophagostomum spp 3 times weekly throughout the study. After 19 days, groups B and C were inoculated once withSTyphimurium. One pig from each group was euthanatized on the day ofSalmonellaexposure and 2 and 4 days afterSalmonellaexposure. The remaining pigs were euthanatized on days 16 and 17 afterSalmonellaexposure.Results—Pigs with dual infections of nematodes and bacteria (group B) excreted significantly higher amounts ofSTyphimurium in feces, compared with nematode-free pigs (group C). In addition, group-B pigs excretedSTyphimurium on more days than pigs in group C.SalmonellaTyphimurium was detected in the cecum and colon in the majority of pigs in group B, whereasSTyphimurium was only detected in the colon in pigs in group C. Immunohistochemical examinations detectedSTyphimurium in 7 of 9 pigs in group B but only 2 of 9 pigs in group C.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Interactions between intestinal nematodes and bacteria may play an important role in the dynamics ofSTyphimurium infections. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:130–136)
Regional and zonal variations in the sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate in normal equine corneal stroma
Authors: Biros Daniel J. , Brooks Dennis E. , Brown Murray P. , Merritt Kelly A. , Kubilis Paul S. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine regional and zonal variation in sulfation patterns of chondroitin sulfate in normal equine corneal stroma.Sample Population—22 normal eyes from 11 horses.Procedure—Corneas were collected within 24 hours of death from equine necropsy specimens. After papain-chondroitinase digestion of corneal tissue, disaccharides ΔDi4S and ΔDi6S were quantified by use of capillary zone electrophoresis in the superficial, middle, and deep zones of central and peripheral regions of the cornea.Results—For the 2 regions combined,ΔDi6S/ΔDi4S values were significantly lower in the deep and middle zones, compared with that of the superficial zone. In the central region, deep and middle zones had significantly lower ΔDi6S/ΔDi4S values than the superficial zone did. In the peripheral region, the deep zone had significantly lower ΔDi6S/ΔDi4S values, compared with superficial and middle zones. In the deep zone, the peripheral region had significantly lower ΔDi6S/ΔDi4S values than the central region did.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Distribution of ΔDi6S/ΔDi4S values follows a gradient across the healthy equine cornea, being smallest in the deep and middle zones of the central region and the deep zone of the peripheral region. Regional and zonal differences in the distribution of stromal ΔDi6S and ΔDi4S may influence the role of glycosaminoglycans in health, disease, and wound repair of the equine cornea. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:143–147)
Effect of tilmicosin on chemotactic, phagocytic, and bactericidal activities of bovine and porcine alveolar macrophages
Authors: Brumbaugh Gordon W. , Herman James D. , Clancy Julianne S. , Burden Kyland I. , Barry Tracie , Simpson R. B. , López Héctor Sumano 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To evaluate chemotactic, phagocytic, and bactericidal activities of bovine and porcine alveolar macrophages (AM) exposed to tilmicosin.Animals—12 healthy calves and 12 healthy pigs.Procedure—Lungs were obtained immediately after euthanasia; AM were collected by means of bronchoalveolar lavage and density gradient centrifugation. Chemotactic activity was evaluated by exposing AM to lipopolysaccharide or macrophage inhibitory peptide during incubation with tilmicosin. Phagocytic activity was evaluated by incubating AM with tilmicosin for 24 hours and then with tilmicosin-resistantSalmonellaserotype Typhimurium. Bactericidal activity was evaluated by incubating AM with tilmicosin (0, 10, or 20 µg/ml for bovine AM; 0 or 10 µg/ml or 10 µg/ml but washed free of tilmicosin for porcine AM) and then withMannheimia haemolytica(bovine AM) or withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaeorPasteurella multocida(porcine AM).Results—Tilmicosin had no significant effects on chemotactic or phagocytic activities of bovine or porcine AM. The time-course of bactericidal activity was best described by polynomial equations. Time to cessation of bacterial growth and area under the time versus bacterial number curve were significantly affected by incubation of AM with tilmicosin.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Results show that bactericidal activity of bovine and porcine AM was enhanced by tilmicosin, but not in proportion to the reported ability of AM to concentrate tilmicosin intracellularly. With or without exposure to tilmicosin, the time-course of bactericidal activity of bovine AM againstM haemolyticaand of porcine AM againstA pleuropneumoniaeorP multocidawas too complex to be reduced to a simple linear equation. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:36–41)
Effect of oral administration of L-lysine on conjunctivitis caused by feline herpesvirus in cats
Authors: Stiles Jean , Townsend Wendy M. , Rogers Quinton R. , Krohne Sheryl G. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To determine whether oral administration of L-lysine to cats would lessen the severity of conjunctivitis caused by feline herpesvirus (FHV-1).Animals—8 healthy young adult cats.Procedure—Cats received oral administration of lysine monohydrochloride (500 mg, q 12 h) or placebo (lactose) beginning 6 hours prior to inoculation of virus. The left conjunctival sac received a 50-µl suspension of FHV-1 grown in cell culture (1.8 X 108tissue culture infective dose50) on day 1. Cats were evaluated and scores given for clinical signs each day for 21 days. Samples for virus isolation were collected from the eye and throat every third day. Plasma lysine and arginine concentrations were measured prior to the study and on days 3, 14, and 22.Results—Cats that received lysine had less severe conjunctivitis than cats that received placebo. Virus isolation results did not differ between the groups. Plasma lysine concentration was significantly higher in cats that received lysine, compared with control cats, whereas plasma arginine concentrations did not differ between groups.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Oral administration of 500 mg of lysine to cats was well tolerated and resulted in less severe manifestations of conjunctivitis caused by FHV-1, compared with cats that received placebo. Oral administration of lysine may be helpful in early treatment for FHV-1 infection by lessening the severity of disease. (Am J Vet Res2002;63:99–103)
Oral vesicular lesions in horses without evidence of vesicular stomatitis virus infection
Authors: Kim Lisa'Marie , Morley Paul S. , McCluskey Brian J. , Mumford Elizabeth L. , Swenson Sabrina L. , Salman M. D. 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjective—To report clinical and serologic findings in horses with oral vesicular lesions that were consistent with vesicular stomatitis (VS) but apparently were not associated with VS virus (VSV) infection.Design—Serial case study.Animals—8 horses.Procedure—Horses were quarantined after appearance of oral lesions typical of VS. Severity of clinical signs was scored every 2 to 5 days for 3 months. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by use of competitive ELISA (cELISA), capture ELISA for IgM, serum neutralization, and complement fixation (CF). Virus isolation was attempted from swab specimens of active lesions.Results—2 horses with oral vesicular lesions on day 1 had antibodies (cELISA and CF) against VSV; however, results of CF were negative by day 19. Five of the 6 remaining horses were seronegative but developed oral lesions by day 23. Virus isolation was unsuccessful for all horses.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance—Horses were quarantined for 75 days in compliance with state and federal regulations. However, evidence suggests that oral lesions were apparently not associated with VSV infection. The occurrence in livestock of a vesicular disease that is not caused by VSV could confound efforts to improve control of VS in the United States and could impact foreign trade.Vesicular stomatitis is of substantial economic and regulatory concern. (J Am Vet Med Assoc2000;216:1399–1404)