bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
CpNifS‐dependent iron‐sulfur cluster biogenesis in chloroplasts
Authors: Ye Hong , Pilon Marinus , Pilon‐Smits Elizabeth A. H. 
Published: April 2006

SummaryIron‐sulfur (Fe‐S) clusters are important prosthetic groups in all organisms. The biosynthesis of Fe‐S clusters has been studied extensively in bacteria and yeast. By contrast, much remains to be discovered about Fe‐S cluster biogenesis in higher plants. Plant plastids are known to make their own Fe‐S clusters. Plastid Fe‐S proteins are involved in essential metabolic pathways, such as photosynthesis, nitrogen and sulfur assimilation, protein import, and chlorophyll transformation. This review aims to summarize the roles of Fe‐S proteins in essential metabolic pathways and to give an overview of the latest findings on plastidic Fe‐S assembly. The plastidic Fe‐S biosynthetic machinery contains many homologues of bacterial mobilization of sulfur (SUF) proteins, but there are additional components and properties that may be plant‐specific. These additional features could make the plastidic machinery more suitable for assembling Fe‐S clusters in the presence of oxygen, and may enable it to be regulated in response to oxidative stress, iron status and light.
Chronic pain‐induced emotional dysfunction is associated with astrogliosis due to cortical δ‐opioid receptor dysfunction
Authors: Narita Minoru , Kuzumaki Naoko , Narita Michiko , Kaneko Chihiro , Hareyama Nana , Miyatake Mayumi , Shindo Keiko , Miyoshi Kan , Nakajima Mayumi , Nagumo Yasuyuki , Sato Fumiaki , Wachi Hiroshi , Seyama Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIt has been widely recognized that chronic pain could cause physiological changes at supraspinal levels. The δ‐opioidergic system is involved in antinociception, emotionality, immune response and neuron‐glia communication. In this study, we show that mice with chronic pain exhibit anxiety‐like behavior and an increase of astrocytes in the cingulate cortex due to the dysfunction of cortical δ‐opioid receptor systems. Using neural stem cells cultured from the mouse embryonic forebrain, astrocyte differentiation was clearly observed following long‐term exposure to the selective δ‐opioid receptor antagonist, naltrindole. We also found that micro‐injection of either activated astrocyte or astrocyte‐conditioned medium into the cingulate cortex of mice aggravated the expression of anxiety‐like behavior. Our results indicate that the chronic pain process promotes astrogliosis in the cingulate cortex through the dysfunction of cortical δ‐opioid receptors. This phenomenon may lead to emotional disorders including aggravated anxiety under chronic pain‐like state.
Molecular morphology and toxicity of cytoplasmic prion protein aggregates in neuronal and non‐neuronal cells
Authors: Grenier Catherine , Bissonnette Cyntia , Volkov Leonid , Roucou Xavier 
Published: April 2006

AbstractRecent studies have revealed that accumulation of prion protein (PrP) in the cytoplasm results in the production of aggregates that are insoluble in non‐ionic detergents and partially resistant to proteinase K. Transgenic mice expressing PrP in the cytoplasm develop severe ataxia with cerebellar degeneration and gliosis, suggesting that cytoplasmic PrP may play a role in the pathogenesis of prion diseases. The mechanism of cytoplasmic PrP neurotoxicity is not known. In this report, we determined the molecular morphology of cytoplasmic PrP aggregates by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, in neuronal and non‐neuronal cells. Transient expression of cytoplasmic PrP produced juxtanuclear aggregates reminiscent of aggresomes in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, human neuroblastoma BE(2)‐M17 cells and mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells. Time course studies revealed that discrete aggregates form first throughout the cytoplasm, and then coalesce to form an aggresome. Aggresomes containing cytoplasmic PrP were 1–5‐µm inclusion bodies and were filled with electron‐dense particles. Cytoplasmic PrP aggregates induced mitochondrial clustering, reorganization of intermediate filaments, prevented the secretion of wild‐type PrP molecules and diverted these molecules to the cytoplasm. Cytoplasmic PrP decreased the viability of neuronal and non‐neuronal cells. We conclude that any event leading to accumulation of PrP in the cytoplasm is likely to result in cell death.
Two members of the TRPP family of ion channels, Pkd1l3 and Pkd2l1, are co‐expressed in a subset of taste receptor cells
Authors: LopezJimenez Nelson D. , Cavenagh Margaret M. , Sainz Eduardo , Cruz‐Ithier Mayra A. , Battey James F. , Sullivan Susan L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTaste receptors cells are responsible for detecting a wide variety of chemical stimuli. Several molecules including both G protein coupled receptors and ion channels have been shown to be involved in the detection and transduction of tastants. We report on the expression of two members of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family of ion channels, PKD1L3 and PKD2L1, in taste receptor cells. Both of these channels belong to the larger polycystic kidney disease (PKD or TRPP) subfamily of TRP channels, members of which have been demonstrated to be non‐selective cation channels and permeable to both Na+ and Ca2+. Pkd1l3 and Pkd2l1 are co‐expressed in a select subset of taste receptor cells and therefore may, like other PKD channels, function as a heteromer. We found the taste receptor cells expressing Pkd1l3 and Pkd2l1 to be distinct from those that express components of sweet, bitter and umami signal transduction pathways. These results provide the first evidence for a role of TRPP channels in taste receptor cell function.
Proteolytic cleavage of the neural cell adhesion molecule by ADAM17/TACE is involved in neurite outgrowth
Authors: Kalus Ina , Bormann Ulrich , Mzoughi Mounir , Schachner Melitta , Kleene Ralf 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe transmembrane and multidomain neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) plays important functional roles in the developing and adult nervous system. NCAM is proteolytically processed and appears in soluble forms in the cerebrospinal fluid and in serum under normal and pathological conditions. In this report, we present evidence that the metalloprotease a disintegrin and a metalloprotease (ADAM)17/tumour necrosis factor α converting enzyme (TACE) cleaves the polysialylated as well as the non‐polysialylated transmembrane isoforms of NCAM, whereas the glycophosphatidylinositol‐linked isoform of NCAM is not proteolytically cleaved. A truncated, enzymatically inactive mutant of TACE did not result in release of the NCAM110 cleavage product. Proteolytic cleavage was enhanced by a calmodulin‐specific inhibitor and the actin‐destabilizing agents cytochalasin D and latrunculin B. In contrast, the microtubule‐stabilizing agent colchicine or microtubule‐destabilizing agent paclitaxel did not affect the release of the 110‐kDa fragment of NCAM. Neurite outgrowth from cerebellar microexplants was inhibited in the presence of the metalloprotease inhibitor GM 6001 on substrate‐coated NCAM, but not on poly‐l‐lysine. Upon transfection of hippocampal neurones with an enzymatically inactive mutant of TACE, NCAM‐stimulated neurite outgrowth was inhibited without affecting neurite outgrowth on poly‐l‐lysine, showing that proteolytic processing of NCAM by the metalloprotease TACE is involved in NCAM‐mediated neurite outgrowth.
Role of δ‐opioid receptor function in neurogenesis and neuroprotection
Authors: Narita Minoru , Kuzumaki Naoko , Miyatake Mayumi , Sato Fumiaki , Wachi Hiroshi , Seyama Yoshiyuki , Suzuki Tsutomu 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to evaluate the implication of δ‐opioid receptor function in neurogenesis and neuroprotection. We found that the stimulation of δ‐opioid receptors by the selective δ‐opioid receptor agonist SNC80 [(+)‐4‐[(αR)‐α‐((2S,5R)‐4‐allyl‐2,5‐dimethyl‐1‐piperazinyl)‐3‐methoxybenzyl]‐N,N‐diethylbenzamide] (10 nm) promoted neural differentiation from multipotent neural stem cells obtained from embryonic C3H mouse forebrains. In contrast, either a selective µ‐opioid receptor agonist, [d‐Ala2, N‐Me‐Phe4, Gly5‐ol]‐enkephalin (DAMGO), or a specific κ‐opioid receptor agonist, (–)‐trans‐(1S,2S)‐U‐50488 hydrochloride (U50,488H), had no such effect. In addition to neural differentiation, the increase in cleaved caspase 3‐like immunoreactivity induced by H2O2 (3 µm) was suppressed by treatment with SNC80 in cortical neuron/glia co‐cultures. These effects of SNC80 were abolished by a Trk‐dependent tyrosine kinase inhibitor: (8R*,9S*,11S*)‐(–)‐9‐hydroxy‐9‐methoxycarbonyl‐8‐methyl‐2,3,9,10‐tetrahydro‐8,11‐epoxy‐1H,8H,11H‐2,7b,11a‐triazadibenzo(a,g)cycloocta(cde)trinden‐1‐one (K‐252a). The SNC80‐induced neural differentiation was also inhibited by treatment with the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, mitogen‐activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor or Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibitor. These findings raise the possibility that δ‐opioid receptors play a crucial role in neurogenesis and neuroprotection, mainly through the activation of Trk‐dependent tyrosine kinase, which could be linked to PI3K, PKC, CaMKII and MEK.
Anandamide administration alone and after inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) increases dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell in rats
Authors: Solinas Marcello , Justinova Zuzana , Goldberg Steven R. , Tanda Gianluigi 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlthough endogenous cannabinoid systems have been implicated in the modulation of the rewarding effects of abused drugs and food, little is known about the direct effects of endogenous ligands for cannabinoid receptors on brain reward processes. Here we show for the first time that the intravenous administration of anandamide, an endogenous ligand for cannabinoid receptors, and its longer‐lasting synthetic analog methanandamide, increase the extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens shell of awake, freely moving rats, an effect characteristic of most drugs abused by humans. Anandamide produced two distinctly different effects on dopamine levels: (1) a rapid, transient increase that was blocked by the cannabinoid CB1receptor antagonist rimonabant, but not by the vanilloid VR1receptor antagonist capsazepine, and was magnified and prolonged by the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme inhibitor, URB597; (2) a smaller delayed and long‐lasting increase, not sensitive to CB1, VR1or FAAH blockade. Both effects were blocked by infusing either tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µm) or calcium‐free Ringer's solution through the microdialysis probe, demonstrating that they were dependent on the physiologic activation of dopaminergic neurotransmission. Thus, these results indicate that anandamide, through the activation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system, participates in the signaling of brain reward processes.
WAY‐100635 antagonist‐induced plasticity of 5‐HT1A receptors: regulatory differences between a stable cell line and an in vivo native system
Authors: Khawaja Xavier Z. , Smith Deborah L. , Nawoschik Stanley P. , Zhang Jean , Dunlop John , Dilks Daniel W. , Olsen Michael , Schechter Lee E. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWe present evidence that the 5‐hydroxytryptamine1A (5‐HT1A) receptor antagonist, N‐{2‐[4‐(2‐methoxyphenyl)‐1‐piperazinyl]‐ethyl}‐N‐(2‐pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide (WAY‐100635), can induce receptor internalization in a human (h)5‐HT1A receptor Chinese hamster ovary (CHO‐K1) cell system. Exposure of h5‐HT1A CHO cells to WAY‐100635 decreased the cell‐surface h5‐HT1A receptor density in a way that was both time (24–72 h) and concentration (1–100 nm) dependent.[3H]WAY‐100635 and [3H]8‐hydroxy‐dipropylaminotetralin ([3H]8‐OH‐DPAT) saturation analyses demonstrated a significant reduction (50–60%) in total h5‐HT1A receptor number in the WAY‐100635‐treated (100 nm; 72 h) compared with control cells. In WAY‐100635‐treated cells, the 8‐OH‐DPAT‐mediated inhibition of forskolin (FSK)‐stimulated cAMP accumulation was right‐shifted and the maximal inhibitory response of 8‐OH‐DPAT was impaired compared with control cells. Similar results were obtained for 8‐OH‐DPAT‐mediated Ca2+ mobilization after WAY‐100635 treatment. h5‐HT1A receptors labeled with [3H]WAY‐100635, as well as [3H]4‐(2′‐Methoxy)‐phenyl‐1‐[2′‐(N‐2′′‐pyridinyl)‐p‐fluorobenzamido]ethyl‐piperazine (MPPF), exhibited a time‐dependent rate of cellular internalization that was blocked by endocytotic suppressors and was pertussis‐toxin insensitive. In contrast, quantitative autoradiographic studies demonstrated that chronic treatment of rats with WAY‐100635 for two weeks produced a region‐specific increase in the 5‐HT1A receptor density. In conclusion, prolonged exposure of an h5‐HT1A cell‐based system to the 5‐HT1A antagonist, WAY‐100635, induced a paradoxical internalization of cell surface receptor resulting in depressed functional activity. This suggests that an antagonist can influence 5‐HT1A receptor recycling in vitro differently to in vivo regulatory conditions.
Learning to use simple massage with disabled children: parents’ experiences of a training and support programme
Authors: Savin‐Baden Maggi , Powell Lesley , Barlow Julie 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThis article presents a pedagogical evaluation of parents’ understanding of their own learning in relation to the Training and Support Programme they received to enable them to undertake simple massage with their disabled children. Data were gathered from exit interviews with 17 parents who had been involved over the course of 2 months. Analysis was undertaken using interpretative interactionism in order to understand the relationship between parents’ learning approaches and the training approach implemented. The findings indicated that the Training Programme largely adopted a behavioural approach that reflected the teaching practices of the trainers. However, cognitive developmental learning was also part of the overarching approach and, in the long term, this was the approach which fitted with most parents’ needs. What was particularly apparent was the importance of the relationship between the learning approaches adopted and parents’ desire to learn in a particular way. Furthermore, parents argued that the Training and Support Programme had high positive impact on their children and their family lives in general. This report is one of the first examples of an evaluation that sought to analyse and to understand the pedagogical tensions of parents’ experiences of learning on a Training and Support Programme in the UK.
The Politics of Economic Nationalism in Postrevolutionary Mexico
Authors: Gauss Susan M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractEconomic nationalism in Mexico has typically been linked to mid‐twentieth‐century experiments with state‐led industrial protectionism. This article argues that the origins of this association lay in postrevolutionary conflicts between economic liberals and protectionists over state consolidation and industrial centralization. Within these struggles, promoters of state economic intervention as well as defenders of free trade and private enterprise justifiably proclaimed the nationalist merits of their divergent industrial projects. This article, by focusing on the political facets of industrialist conflicts amid rising post‐World War II concerns over United States influence, sheds light both on how the post‐World War II period became a turning point in the maturation of industrial protectionism, as well as on the contingent nature of its mid‐twentieth‐century association with economic nationalism.
On the Significance of War, or Why Conquest is Not Necessarily Conquest: The Case of the Nineteenth‐Century United States–Mexican Border
Authors: Cayton Andrew 
Published: April 2006

AbstractOne strand of recent work on the nineteenth‐century borderlands between the United States and Mexico attempts to overturn Anglo‐American conventional wisdom by turning heroes into villains. Another, more significant strand reflects a general tendency among academic historians to focus on the importance of long‐term demographic, social, and economic developments at the expense of military and political events. Episodes in on‐going struggles, wars are neither as decisive nor as significant as previous generations of historians had assumed. In stressing the power and endurance of local communities, borderlands’ historians fundamentally challenge the power and permanency of nation‐states.
Endoscopic management of intrabiliary‐ruptured hepatic hydatid cyst
Authors: Singh Virendra , Reddy Deevaguntla Chandrasekhar , Verma Ganga Ram , Singh Gurpreet 
Published: April 2006

Abstract: Background/aim: Intrabiliary rupture of hepatic hydatid cyst causes serious morbidity and mortality. These patients are usually managed surgically. We evaluated the feasibility and outcome of an alternative method of treatment of these patients.Methods: Seven patients with ruptured hepatic hydatid into the biliary tract underwent endoscopic treatment consisting of endoscopic sphincterotomy, cyst material extraction and hypertonic saline lavage via nasocystic catheter.Results: Median age of patients was 40 years (range 17–50 years) with a male:female ratio of 2:5. Abdominal pain, jaundice and fever were seen in all patients. Six out of seven patients were positive for hydatid serology. All patients were successfully treated by endoscopic sphincterotomy, clearance of cyst material and hypertonic saline lavage. On a follow‐up of 6 months to 4 years (median, 3.5 years), ultrasonography, computed tomography of the abdomen and magnetic resonance imaging of the abdomen showed a complete cure. There were no complications related to procedure.Conclusions: This study demonstrates endoscopic treatment as one of the therapeutic options of ruptured hepatic hydatid cyst into the biliary tract.
Clinical evaluation of magnetic resonance imaging flowmetry of portal and hepatic veins in patients following hepatectomy
Authors: Nanashima A. , Shibasaki S. , Sakamoto I. , Sueyoshi E. , Sumida Y. , Abo T. , Nagasaki T. , Sawai T. , Yasutake T. , Nagayasu T. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract: Background: Hepatic blood flow was associated with degree of hepatic damage. Measurements of blood flow using ultrasonography (US) may vary due to any observer's and patient's conditions. The utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) flowmetry in portal and hepatic veins was assessed.Patients and methods: Using the phase‐contrast method, the mean flow velocity of portal (PVF) and hepatic vein (HVF) were determined by MRI and US in 75 consecutive patients with liver diseases, including 58 patients undergoing hepatectomy. The correlations between these parameters and clinicopathological findings were examined.Results: PVF and HVF measured by MRI flowmetry were 12.8±4.5 and 14.7±5.3 cm/s, respectively. There was no significant correlation of both flows between MRI and US. PVF correlated significantly with portal pressure (r=−0.722; P<0.05). There was a negative correlation between HVF and histological activity index score (r=−0.366; P<0.05). PVF and HVF were lower in patients with cirrhosis and higher staging score (2–4) and PVF was lower in patients with higher grading score (2–3; P<0.05). PVF and HVF were not significantly associated with postoperative complications.Conclusions: Our results suggest that MRI flowmetry is a potentially useful tool for measurement of hepatic blood flow and recommend its use for estimation of liver cirrhosis‐associated impairment.
Marginal Adaptation of Cerec 3 CAD/CAM Composite Crowns Using Two Different Finish Line Preparation Designs
Authors: Akbar Jaber Hussain , Petrie Cynthia S. , Walker Mary P. , Williams Karen , Eick J. David 
Published: April 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare marginal discrepancies of Cerec 3 CAD/CAM composite crowns, fabricated on human prepared teeth with two different finish line designs, chamfer and shoulder.
Materials and Methods: Sixteen human molar teeth were used to prepare full crowns. Eight teeth were prepared with a 1‐mm‐wide chamfer finish line and the other eight with a 1.2‐ to 1.5‐mm circumferential shoulder. Cerec 3 crowns were fabricated from optical impressions using Paradigm MZ100 composite polymer. Marginal adaptation was evaluated in two ways: (1) using modified United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria to evaluate eight preselected sites on each crown margin, and (2) using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to measure marginal gaps on all four axial walls with 15 measurements on each wall (60 measurements per crown). An evaluation of the number of acceptable crowns, determined by having all measured sites per tooth with margin gap size less than 100 μm, as a function of finish line design was also conducted.
Results: In both chamfer and shoulder groups, there were only two crowns (out of eight) with clinically acceptable ratings for all eight measurement sites according to USPHS criteria. Fisher's chi‐square analysis showed that there was no statistically significant difference in marginal adaptability as a function of finish line design ( p > 0.05). With SEM imaging, overall mean marginal gaps for the chamfer group were 65.9 ± 38.7 μm (range 35.0 to 130.0 μm), and for the shoulder group were 46.0 ± 9.2 μm (range 26.3 to 55.6 μm); this difference was not found to be statistically significant ( p > 0.05). While crown assessment based on mean marginal discrepancy measurements indicated that both the chamfer and shoulder groups were considered clinically acceptable (<100 μm); crown acceptability based on all measurement sites being less than 100 μm indicated that in the chamfer and shoulder groups there were four and three acceptable crowns out of eight, respectively. The Fisher's chi‐square test indicated no statistically significant difference between the groups ( p > 0.05). An agreement rate of 81.2% was calculated between the two evaluation methods, modified USPHS criteria and SEM measurements.
Conclusions: Based on mean marginal discrepancy measurements, the typical marginal assessment technique, Cerec 3 Paradigm MZ100 crown restorations appear to have acceptable marginal adaptability (mean discrepancies <100 μm). Thus, the evidence from this investigation would suggest that the finish line preparation design had no effect on marginal adaptation for Cerec 3 composite crowns.
Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Argenyi Zsolt B. , Schelper Robert L. , Balogh Karoly 
Published: April 2006

We studied two cases of pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy (PNTI) by routine light microscopy and immunohistochemistry on formalin fixed, paraffin embedded tissues using antibodies to HMB‐45 “melanoma associated” antigen, S‐100 protein, neuron specific enolase (NSE), Leu‐7 antigen, chromogranin, epithelial membrane antigen, collagen Type IV, alpha‐fetoprotein and muscle‐specific actin and to the intermediate filaments cytokeratin (CK), vimentin, desmin and neural filaments. We found that the large epithelioid cells, many of which contained melanin pigment, were strongly positive for CK and HMB‐45, and less intensively positive for vimentin and NSE. The small neuroblast‐like cells revealed only focal, weak NSE positivity. Both cell types were negative for S‐100 protein and for the other antigens examined. Our results suggest that: (1) the large and small cell populations in PNTI have different immunophenotypes; (2) the expression of CK and HMB‐45, together with the S‐100 negativity, appears unique for the pigmented cells; and (3) this profile may be helpful in the exclusion of melanoma and peripheral neuroblastoma from the differential diagnosis.Argenyi ZB, Schelper RL, Balogh K. Pigmented neuroectodermal tumor of infancy. A light microscopic and immunohistochemical study.