bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
IS POLICING FOR PROFIT? ANSWERS FROM ASSET FORFEITURE
Authors: WORRALL JOHN L. , KOVANDZIC TOMISLAV V. 
Published: July 2008

Research SummaryCritics have argued that asset forfeiture encourages policing for profit, but their arguments have yet to transcend the anecdotal arena. We gathered data on asset forfeiture payments from a multistate sample of 572 law enforcement agencies and tested two hypotheses aimed at answering the question, is policing for profit? Although we found no clear evidence of more forfeiture in states that permit local agencies to receive the most proceeds, we did find that local law‐enforcement agencies circumvent restrictive state laws (those placing limits on the proceeds they can receive) by teaming up with federal officials to participate in so‐called adoptive forfeitures, which permit them to receive equitable sharing payments. This latter finding was robust to numerous specifications, not altered in models estimated on various subsamples, and not affected by extreme values.Policy ImplicationsOur study lends a measure of support to the arguments espoused by forfeiture's critics, namely that forfeiture may be pursued for financial reasons. We cannot, however, assert that policing for profit is necessarily problematic, as it is difficult to fault financially strapped public agencies for seeking needed resources. Nor can we assert that forfeiture supersedes other criminal justice goals, such as enforcement of antidrug laws.
Natural Kinds and Natural Kind Terms
Authors: Koslicki Kathrin 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe aim of this article is to illustrate how a belief in the existence of kinds may be justified for the particular case of natural kinds: particularly noteworthy in this respect is the weight borne by scientific natural kinds (e.g., physical, chemical, and biological kinds) in (i) inductive arguments; (ii) the laws of nature; and (iii) causal explanations. It is argued that biological taxa are properly viewed as kinds as well, despite the fact that they have been by some alleged to be individuals. Since it turns out that the arguments associated with the standard Kripke/Putnam semantics for natural kind terms only establish the non‐descriptiveness of natural kind terms and not their rigidity, the door is open to analyze these terms as denoting traditional predicate‐extensions. Finally, special issues raised by physical and chemical kinds are considered briefly, in particular impurities, isotopes and the threat of incommensurability.
Creation, Actualization and God's Choice among Possible Worlds
Authors: Kraay Klaas J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractGod is traditionally understood to be a perfect being who is the creator and sustainer of all that is. God's creative and sustaining activity is often thought to involve choosing a possible world for actualization. It is generally said that either there is (a) exactly one best of all possible worlds, or there are (b) infinitely many increasingly better worlds, or else there are (c) infinitely many unsurpassable worlds within God's power to actualize. On each view, critics have offered arguments for atheism that turn on God's choice of a world. In what follows, I first discuss some background issues, and I then survey the contemporary literature on these arguments.
Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia in normal cavalier King Charles spaniels: a multiple diagnostic imaging approach
Authors: Couturier J. , Rault D. , Cauzinille L. 
Published: July 2008

Objectives: The objectives of the study were (1) to report the incidence of Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia in a normal French cavalier King Charles spaniel breeding population; (2) to precise the standard computed tomography dimensions of the caudal fossa and (3) to investigate the use of ultrasonography in diagnosis of this syndrome. Methods: Clinically normal adult cavalier King Charles spaniel underwent ultrasonographic examination of the spinal cord and caudal fossa. Computed tomography was used to measure the caudal fossa and magnetic resonance imaging allowed syringomyelia and cerebellar herniation identification. Results: Of the 16 dogs in the study, seven had syringomyelia (43·7 per cent). All dogs had cerebellar herniation, suggesting Chiari‐like malformation and also a tendency to occipital dysplasia. Computed tomography measurements of the caudal fossa are reported. In one dog, a syrinx was identified by ultrasonography. The only difference between dogs with or without syringomyelia was that dogs with Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia were statistically older. Clinical Significance: The incidence of Chiari‐like malformation and syringomyelia may be high in an asymptomatic population of cavalier King Charles spaniel . Computed tomography measurements reported in this study should now be compared with those of a symptomatic population to evaluate the hypothesis that dogs with Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia syndrome have a smaller caudal fossa. This study did not identify a smaller caudal fossa in an asymptomatic cavalier King Charles spaniel population with syringomyelia. Ultrasonography probably has a low sensitivity for diagnosis of Chiari‐like malformation/syringomyelia.
Single‐phase bone scintigraphy in dogs with obscure lameness
Authors: Samoy Y. , Van Ryssen B. , Van Caelenberg A. , Gielen I. , Van Vynckt D. , Van Bree H. , De Bacquer D. , Peremans K. 
Published: July 2008

Objectives:To evaluate the diagnostic merits of scintigraphy in dogs with clinically obscure lameness origin.Methods:In 43 dogs, the scintigraphic findings were compared with the results of subsequent radiological, computed tomography and/or arthroscopic findings and/or additional neurological examination.Results:In all dogs, focal increased uptake was found in one or more joints or bones. The presence of associated pathology was confirmed by radiography, computed tomography and/or arthroscopy of the limb region of interest. Additional neurological examination was performed when indicated. In cases of elbow pathology, unilateral involvement of the elbow was confirmed with computed tomography/arthroscopy in 14 cases, while bilateral increased uptake could not be confirmed with radiography or computed tomography in three cases. Three dogs showed an increased activity in one joint on the bone scan, while computed tomography, arthroscopy or radiography revealed bilateral joint disease. Generalised mild increased radionuclide uptake in all joints and bones was observed in the lame limb in 15 forelimbs and five hindlimbs. Generalised prominent uptake of an entire limb was noted in three cases suffering from neurological disease.ClinicalSignificance:Scintigraphy may provide information on areas of increased radionuclide uptake, thereby aiding in the localisation of obscure lameness. Generalised mild increased uptake of radionuclide in all joints and bones in the lame limb may occur in the older dog. The generalised prominent uptake, seen in three cases with neurological disease, may resemble reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome seen in human beings.
Comparison of measurements of 18 analytes in canine and feline blood samples using the in‐practice Falcor 350 and the reference KoneLab 30i analysers
Authors: Papasouliotis K. , Dodkin S. , Murphy K. F. , Sladen A. 
Published: July 2008

Objectives: Falcor 350 (A. Menarini Diagnostics) is a wet‐reagent biochemistry analyser that is available for in‐house use. The aim of this study was to compare the results produced by this analyser with those obtained by a wet‐reagent analyser (KoneLab 30i; Thermo Clinical Labsystems) that served as the reference instrument. Methods: Blood samples from 120 clinical cases (60 dogs and 60 cats) were analysed for 18 analytes (urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, amylase, lipase, glucose, triacylglycerol, cholesterol, total calcium, phosphate, sodium and potassium) using both the reference and Falcor instruments. Results: Good to excellent correlations (rs value) (canine/feline) were identified for urea (0·87/0·86), creatinine (0·96/0·99), total proteins (0·91/0·95), albumin (0·96/0·93), creatine kinase (0·98/0·99), aspartate aminotransferase (0·95/0·98), alanine aminotransferase (0·99/0·99), alkaline phosphatase (0·99/0·98), total bilirubin in dogs (0·88), amylase (0·99/0·87), lipase in dogs (0·88), glucose (0·97/0·98), triacylglycerol (0·93/0·97), cholesterol (0·99/0·99), total calcium (0·88/0·89), phosphate (0·94/0·97) and potassium (0·96/0·97). The correlations for sodium (0·41/0·61), total bilirubin in cats (0·78) and lipase in cats (0·25) were considered unacceptable. Clinical Significance: For 13 of the 18 analytes (creatinine, total proteins, albumin, creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, amylase, glucose, cholesterol, triacylglycerol, phosphate, potassium and urea) in both canine and feline samples, the two instruments produce values that are closely related to each other (excellent correlation) and are sufficiently similar to allow them to be used interchangeably without the need for additional correction factor computations (good agreement). Because of differences in the methodologies, the Falcor results for alkaline phosphatase, total calcium, sodium, lipase and total bilirubin cannot be used interchangeably with those generated by the KoneLab and should be interpreted using reference intervals established from the Falcor analyser.
Meningomyelitis in dogs: a retrospective review of 28 cases (1999 to 2007)
Authors: Griffin J. F , Levine J. M , Levine G. J , Fosgate G. T 
Published: July 2008

Objectives:To characterise dogs with meningomyelitis and to compare signalment, body temperature and vaccination status to a representative control group.Methods:Dogs with meningomyelitis were identified retrospectively. Signalment, history, vaccination status, body temperature, severity of neurological dysfunction (modified Frankel score), diagnostic procedures, aetiology, survival to discharge and long‐term survival were analysed.Results:Affected dogs were younger (P<0·05) and more frequently hound or toy breeds (P<0·05) when compared with controls. Hound and toy breed dogs less than or equal to three years of age had a 13 times higher odds of meningomyelitis compared with other breeds (P<0·001). General proprioceptive ataxia, limb paresis and paraspinal hyperaesthesia were the most common clinical signs. Meningomyelitis of unknown aetiology and granulomatous meningomyelitis were the most common diagnoses. The median time to death or continued follow‐up in dogs alive at discharge was 213 days. Meningomyelitis resulted in death or euthanasia in 14 of 28 dogs. Clinical signs improved or resolved in seven of 28 dogs.ClinicalSignificance:Meningomyelitis is a differential diagnosis for dogs with clinical signs of myelopathy. Young dogs and toy or hound breeds seem to be predisposed. Clinical signs of meningomyelitis improve or resolve in some dogs.
Short‐term and eight to 12 months results of a tibial tuberosity advancement as treatment of canine cranial cruciate ligament damage
Authors: Stein S. , Schmoekel H. 
Published: July 2008

Objective:To describe the perioperative complications and the six weeks and eight to 12 months outcome of cases of canine cranial cruciate ligament damage treated with a tibial tuberosity advancement.Methods:The medical records including the six weeks’ postoperative re‐evaluation and radiographs of dogs with a tibial tuberosity advancement (70 operated stifles) were analysed regarding the short‐term outcome and the recorded complications. A questionnaire for the evaluation of the eight to 12 months outcome was sent to the owners and the answers tabulated.Results:The complication rate was comparable with previous reports of cranial cruciate ligament rupture treated with a tibial tuberosity advancement or a tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). The most frequent complication was a symptomatic late secondary meniscal damage in six cases (8·5 per cent). These cases were successfully treated with a partial meniscectomy during a minimal invasive procedure. The six‐week re‐evaluation showed advanced healing of the tibial crest osteotomies in 94 per cent of the cases and a significant reduction of the lameness in all dogs. Eighty‐three per cent of the owners reported that their dogs are never lame or only after heavy exercise eight to 12 months after the tibial tuberosity advancement procedure. Sixty‐five per cent of the owners stated the overall treatment to be excellent, 28 per cent good.ClinicalSignificance:The six weeks’ follow‐up examination and the questionnaire revealed results of the tibial tuberosity advancement comparable to previously published studies, stating that the lameness and the activity level of the patients with cranial cruciate ligament disease greatly improved after the tibial tuberosity advancement.
Prostate cancer in London: is the triadic clinical encounter the standard?
Authors: Hughes Amanda Euesden , Leary Alison 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIt has been reported that men with prostate cancer in London were less satisfied with the service they received than patients with other cancers. Studies from the USA have looked at the experience of the prostate cancer couple. It has been established that the cancer couple have information needs and that when a clinical encounter is triadic in nature, these needs are more likely to be met and information is more likely to be retained. The aim of this study was to examine the clinic attendance patterns of men in London with prostate cancer (n = 200). A comparison group of women in London with breast cancer was identified (n = 200). Direct observation of the groups was performed, accompanied/unaccompanied (triadic/dyadic) attendance was recorded and demographic data were extracted from the clinical notes. Forty‐one percent (81) of the women experienced their clinical encounter as a triad compared with 24% (48) of the prostate group who experienced their clinical encounter as a dyad between themselves and their health care provider (p < 0.05). In the first year of diagnosis, men with prostate cancer were more likely to experience a triadic encounter, but this was more evenly distributed throughout the cancer journey for women with breast cancer. There did not appear to be a correlation with marriage and triadic encounters for either group. Men with prostate cancer in this tertiary referral centre in London are less likely to experience a triadic clinical encounter than women with breast cancer. Further work is needed to establish a relationship between unmet informational needs of the prostate cancer couple and the high level of dissatisfaction in the prostate cancer population in London, but the nature of the dyadic encounter may play a part in this.
Nursing practice: a primary care approach to intralesional injection therapy for Peyronie’s disease
Authors: Cockerham Yolanda , Hellstrom Wayne J.G. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPeyronie’s disease (PD) is defined pathologically as an inflammatory condition leading to the formation of a fibrous inelastic plaque of the tunica albuginea of the penis. Scar formation causes deleterious changes in the girth, length and shape of the penis with erection. PD has an unknown aetiology and was first attributed to a sexually transmitted disease. Proper diagnosis of PD includes a comprehensive medical history, focused physical examination, administration of the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire, and, when indicated, diagnostic testing using penile duplex Doppler ultrasound with a vasoactive agent. Intralesional injection therapies with verapamil and interferon alpha‐2b have shown efficacy in placebo‐controlled studies. This minimally invasive therapy is applicable to patients with either acute or stable disease and for those patients who decide to defer surgical correction. After a confirmatory diagnosis of PD, intralesional injection therapy can be initiated in the primary care setting. Appropriate demonstration of penile injection technique on actual patients to the primary care physician and the nurse practitioner is the most effective means of education. This can be accomplished by an urologist or a nurse educator with prior experience in intralesional injection therapy.
An intervention to teach self‐monitoring of urine flow in long‐term catheter users
Authors: Wilde Mary H. , Brasch Judith 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA new intervention was tested to teach self‐monitoring skills to long‐term urinary catheter users. This intervention is described in detail. Self‐monitoring (a component of self‐management) involves awareness of what to notice, observations, and simple recordings related to urine flow and associated catheter problems. Self‐management strategies were provided, based on the person’s initial self‐monitoring and catheter‐related problems. The intervention was judged feasible. Study participants responded favorably to the intervention and seemed interested in learning more about catheter self‐management.
Kurt Lewin
Authors: Wheeler Ladd 
Published: July 2008

AbstractKurt Lewin (1890–1947) is often called the father of social psychology, although this can be disputed. Lewin established a reputation in Germany for his work on affect and motivation when these topics were considered to be outside the scope of psychological research. He escaped the Nazis and started work in social psychology at the University of Iowa. In 1945, he established the Research Center for Group Dynamics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, with faculty and students who formed modern experimental social psychology. He also established the Commission on Community Interrelationships and helped to found the T Group movement. Lewinian Field Theory stressed that behavior is a function of the person and the environment, or B = f (p, e).
Racial Order of Suburban Communities: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Haynes Bruce D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe steady growth of the post‐war suburban Black middle class has been overshadowed by the mis‐characterization of the suburbs as conformist and racially homogeneous. Until recently, race remained an ever present yet unexplored dimension of studies of suburban communities. However, new suburban histories and a growing collection of black middle‐class suburban community case studies replace the monochrome descriptions of suburban life with an analysis that places the suburb within its regional, political, economic, and ideological landscape.
The Evolution of ‘Public Understanding of Science’: Public Engagement as a Tool of Science Policy in the UK
Authors: Gregory Jane , Lock Simon Jay 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis historical review surveys the evolution of the science–society relationship in post‐war Britain. It observes the transformation since the 1980s of the idea of ‘public understanding of science’, in which scientists and laypeople differ by virtue of the scientific knowledge they have, into the idea of ‘public engagement which science’, in which scientists, laypeople and policy makers negotiate policy for future science and technology. We survey recent critiques of public engagement which draw attention to the ways in which it constructs particular publics, and which question its capacity to contribute to policy‐making.
The supply of natural gas in the European Union—strategic issues
Authors: Percebois Jacques 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThe objective of this paper was to analyse the weight of natural gas in the European Union and to insist on two points: the role of long‐term contracts for supply security and the impact of geopolitical considerations in the relationships with the main suppliers, Russia and Algeria. But for the European Commission, supply security should not be an obstacle to competition. The Commission is also cautious regarding the takeover risks of trans‐Europe natural gas transmission firms. Political considerations strongly affect economic factors in international gas exchanges in Europe.
Efficacy of olopatadine HCI 0.1%, ketotifen fumarate 0.025%, epinastine HCI 0.05%, emedastine 0.05% and fluorometholone acetate 0.1% ophthalmic solutions for seasonal allergic conjunctivitis: a placebo‐controlled environmental trial
Authors: Borazan Mehmet , Karalezli Aylin , Akova Yonca Aydin , Akman Ahmet , Kiyici Halil , Erbek Selim S. 
Published: July 2008

Abstract.Purpose:  We aimed to compare the clinical efficacy and ocular surface variables of olopatadine, ketotifen fumarate, epinastine, emedastine and fluorometholone acetate ophthalmic solutions in preventing the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (SAC).Methods:  This was a prospective, randomized, double‐blinded and placebo‐controlled study. A total of 100 patients with SAC were randomly assigned to one of five groups, in which they were administered olopatadine, ketotifen fumarate, epinastine, emedastine or fluorometholone acetate, instilled twice daily for 2 weeks. One eye of each patient was treated with the study drug and the other was treated with a placebo. Signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis (itching, redness, tearing, chemosis and eyelid swelling) were scored on a 4‐point scale. Each symptom was assessed at baseline and then again after 1 and 2 weeks of treatment. Ocular surface variables were assessed by conjunctival impression cytology.Results:  At weeks 1 and 2, all antiallergic agents were significantly more effective than placebo in alleviating itching, redness, tearing, chemosis and eyelid swelling. Fluorometholone acetate was significantly less effective than the other agents in reducing itching and redness at all control visits. Ocular surface findings by impression cytology improved significantly after all treatments compared with placebo.Conclusions:  In patients with SAC, olopatadine, ketotifen, epinastine and emedastine are more efficacious than fluorometholone acetate in preventing itching and redness. All the antiallergic agents gave similar results in terms of reducing tearing, chemosis and eyelid swelling. Our data showed that impression cytology parameters improved after treatment with antiallergic agents in patients with SAC.