bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Oral delivery of tumor‐targeting Salmonella for cancer therapy in murine tumor models
Authors: Jia Li‐Jun , Wei Dong‐Ping , Sun Qi‐Ming , Huang Yan , Wu Qiang , Hua Zi‐Chun 
Published: May 2007

Tumor‐targeting bacteria have been investigated intensively in recent years as anticancer agents. To ensure the reliability of infection, bacteria have conventionally been injected intravenously or intraperitoneally into animals or humans. However, systemic infection of bacteria is rather inconvenient and carries the risk of obvious toxicity. Here we tested whether Salmonella typhimurium VNP20009, a tumor‐targeting strain, could be administrated orally for tumor therapy. Tumor‐targeting potential, antitumor effects, as well as toxicity of orally administrated VNP20009 were investigated in this study. Oral delivery of VNP20009 not only exhibited high tumor‐targeting potential, but also led to a significant anticancer effect by delaying tumor growth and prolonging survival in murine tumor models. As part of combination therapy, orally administrated bacteria notably improved the antitumor effect of cyclophosphamide. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that VNP20009 significantly induced tumor cell apoptosis. No obvious toxicity was observed during the treatments with oral inoculation of VNP20009. Comparative analysis of toxicity in tumor‐bearing and tumor‐free mice further revealed that orally administrated Salmonella had high safety compared to conventional systemic infection of bacteria. The findings indicated that oral administration of tumor‐targeting bacteria is effective and safe. This approach provides a novel avenue in the application of bacteria as a potential antitumor agent. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1107–1112)
Inhibition of axonal outgrowth in the tumor environment: Involvement of class 3 semaphorins
Authors: Vachkov Ivan H. , Huang Xiaoyong , Yamada Yoshihiro , Tonchev Anton B. , Yamashima Tetsumori , Kato Satoru , Takakura Nobuyuki 
Published: May 2007

That tumors lack innervation is dogma in the field of pathology, but the molecular determinants of this phenomenon remain elusive. We studied the effects of conditioned media from Colon 26 and B16 mouse tumor cell lines on the axonal outgrowth and cellular differentiation of embryonic Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mouse dorsal root ganglion cells. Tumor‐conditioned media suppressed dorsal root ganglion axonal extension but had no effect on neuronal or glial differentiation. We found that the tumor cells expressed most of the class 3 semaphorins – axon guidance molecules. Blocking the activity of class 3 semaphorins with the soluble receptor neuropilin‐1 significantly counteracted the tumor‐induced inhibition of axonal extension. Together, these results suggest a role for tumor‐secreted class 3 semaphorins in selectively inhibiting axonal outgrowth of dorsal root ganglion neurons. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1192–1197)
Antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity of cetuximab against tumor cells with wild‐type or mutant epidermal growth factor receptor
Authors: Kimura Hideharu , Sakai Kazuko , Arao Tokuzo , Shimoyama Tatsu , Tamura Tomohide , Nishio Kazuto 
Published: May 2007

Cetuximab (Erbitux, IMC‐C225) is a monoclonal antibody targeted to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). To clarify the mode of antitumor action of cetuximab, we examined antibody‐dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) activity against several tumor cell lines expressing wild‐type or mutant EGFR. ADCC activity and complement‐dependent cytolysis activity were analyzed using the CytoTox 96 assay. ADCC activities correlated with the EGFR expression value (R = 0.924). ADCC activities were detected against all tumor cell lines, except K562 cells in a manner dependent on the cellular EGFR expression level, whereas complement‐dependent cytolysis activity was not detected in any of the cell lines. The ADCC activity mediated by cetuximab was examined in HEK293 cells transfected with wild‐type EGFR (293W) and a deletional mutant of EGFR (293D) in comparison with the mock transfectant (293M). ADCC activity was detected in 293W and 293D cells, in a cetuximab dose‐dependent manner, but not in 293M cells (<10%). These results indicate that ADCC‐dependent antitumor activity results from the degree of affinity of cetuximab for the extracellular domain of EGFR, independent of EGFR mutation status. These results suggest ADCC activity to be one of the modes of therapeutic action of cetuximab and to depend on EGFR expression on the tumor cell surface. (Cancer Sci 2007; 98: 1275–1280)
Suppression of Cdc27B expression induces plant defence responses
Authors: KUDO CHIKAKO , SUZUKI TOMOKO , FUKUOKA SUMIE , ASAI SHUTA , SUENAGA HIROKO , SASABE MICHIKO , TAKANO YOSHITAKA , OKUNO TETSURO , TOYODA KAZUHIRO , SHIRAISHI TOMONORI , ICHINOSE YUKI , INAGAKI YOSHI‐SHIGE 
Published: May 2007

SUMMARYNon‐host resistance is the most general form of disease resistance in plants because it is effective against most phytopathogens. The importance of hypersensitive responses (HRs) in non‐host resistance of Nicotiana species to the oomycete Phytophthora is clear. INF1 elicitin, an elicitor obtained from the late‐blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans, is sufficient to induce a typical HR in Nicotiana species. The molecular mechanisms that underlie the non‐host resistance component of plant defence responses have been investigated using differential‐display polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a model HR system between INF1 elicitin and tobacco BY‐2 cells. Differential‐display PCR has revealed that Cdc27B is down‐regulated in tobacco BY‐2 cells after treatment with INF1 elicitin. Cdc27B is one of 13 essential components of the anaphase‐promoting complex or cyclosome (APC/C)‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex in yeast. This APC/C‐type E3 ubiquitin ligase complex regulates G2‐to‐M phase transition of the cell cycle by proteolytic degradation. In this study, we investigated the roles of this gene, NbCdc27B, in plant defence responses using virus‐induced gene silencing. Suppression of NbCdc27B in Nicotiana benthamiana plants induced defence responses and a gain of resistance to Colletotrichum lagenarium fungus. Elicitin‐induced hypersensitive cell death (HCD) was inhibited mildly in plants silenced with tobacco rattle virus::Cdc27B. Cdc27B could manage the signalling pathways of plant defence responses as a negative regulator without HCD.
Hypersensitivity to Apple and Carrot Can Be Reliably Detected with Fresh Material
Authors: Lahti Arto , Hannuksela Matti 
Published: May 2007

Hypersensitivity to birch pollen was linked with allergy to apple and carrot, apple seeds and carrot seeds and also with their fractions, Skin reactions among other atopics were rare, and non‐atopic patient; showed no reactions to fresh fruits and vegetables.Apple and carrot as well as apple seeds and carrot seeds were fractionated using column chromatography. Two major fractions were obtained, one with sugar and proteins, and one with proteins, the tatter giving skin reactions more often than the former. The correlation between clinical symptoms and skin lest results with the fractionated material was somewhat lower than that obtained with the non‐fractionated fresh material. The allergens of fruits and vegetables might be proteins (enzymes).
Food Sensitivity Reported by Patients with Asthma and Hay Fever
Authors: Eriksson Nils E. 
Published: May 2007

Among adult patients with bronchial asthma and/or allergic rhinitis und allergological investigation with skin test, nasal provocation test and RAST, 1129 answered a questionaire regarding food sensitivity (FS). 276 (24%) of the patients reported some kind of allergic symptoms on eating or handling various foods, of which hazel nut, apple and shell fish were the most often mined. Females reported FS most often than males, A correlation was found between birch pollen allergy and FS with nuts, apple, peach, cherry, pear, plum, carrot and new potato. The higher the degree of birch pollen allergy, according to skin test. RAST or provocation test, the higher the frequency of FS.A correlation was found too between acetylsalicylic acid intolerance and FS with some foods, e.g. nuts, strawberry, almond, green pepper, hip, chocolate, egg, cabbage, milk and wine.The connection between birch pollen allergy and FS is probably explained by the structural relationship between birth pollen allergen and some allergens of die foodstuffs, whereas the high incidence of FS in acetylsalicylic acid‐intolerant patients is probably explained by additives in foods as well as salicylates or benzoates naturally occurring in some food.
Effects of Ketotifen and Clemastine on Passive Transfer of Reaginic Reaction
Authors: Aas Kjell 
Published: May 2007

Passive transfer (PK) tests were performed with a reaginic serum on a recipient reacting with an immediate and a more prolonged reaction when specifically challenged. Both reactions are thought to be mediated by IgE immunology. Ketotifen, a cycloheptathiophene derivative, and clemastine, given to the recipient in maximal clinical doses for 3 days, inhibited the immediate reaction. Ketotifen had a very slight effect also on the prolonged reaction.The results indicate that thein vivoeffects of ketotifen in the human system are due not so much to mast cell inhibitory mechanisms, but more to post‐release antihistaminic and some anti‐inflammatory properties.
Specific Diagnosis of Exogenous Bronchial Asthma in Adults
Authors: ØSterballe Ole , Malling Hans‐Jørgen , Weeke Bent 
Published: May 2007

Twenty‐two adults with extrinsic bronchial asthma were examined with 26 different allergens from five groups: house dust + mite (30 BP), animal dandruff (30 BP), pollen (12 BP), mould fungi (11 BP), and feather + cotton (10 BP). The same allergen batch was used for each allergen extract in all analyses.Based on the results of the single analyses: case history (CH), intracutaneous test (ST), RAST, histamine release from basophil leucocytes (HR), and the results of the analysis combinations and the “true diagnosis” bronchial provocation (BP), the sensitivity and specificity (SE and SP) were calculated and shown graphically. An evaluation of the diagnostic reliability of the single analyses and analysis combinations was then possible.Generally, HR was the best individual analysis with very few false positive values and false negative values, followed by RAST, ST, and CH. None of them was able to predict allergy for feather + cotton. Otherwise, BP was positive when HR and RAST reached scores 2 and 3 with the exception of RAST for animal dandruff. As regards ST, we had to reach score 3 in order to predict positive BP. CH would only provide the diagnosis with a maximum score in the pollen group. BP was positive in any analysis combination resulting in score 6 or more. ST appeared to be the most sensitive of the individual analyses. Alt the patients with ST score 0 showed negative BP for all allergen groups, whereas a corresponding sensitivity for HR score 0 was only achieved with animal dandruff, and for RAST score 0 for pollen only.In spite of the new analyses, BP is in many cases necessary if a definite diagnosis is required.
A Double Blind Controlled Trial of N‐(3′, 4′‐Dimethoxycinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid on Children with Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Shioda  
Published: May 2007

A double blind controlled trial of N‐(3′, 4′‐dimethoxycinnamoyl) anchranilic acid (N‐5′) was carried out for treating children with bronchial asthma to determine its efficacy and safety.The results showed that the drug was significantly more effective in the N10 and N5 groups than in the N0 group. Adverse reactions appeared only in one patient in the N10 group who complained of slight anorexia while another patient in the N0 group reported moderate diarrhoea. Moreover there was no indication of abnormality in further laboratory investigations. It can be therefore concluded that this drug is useful for the treatment of children with bronchial asthma.
Immunotherapy in Spring‐Time Hay Fever
Authors: Eriksson Nils E. , Ahlstedt Staffan , Lövhagen Olle 
Published: May 2007

In a study of the efficacy of two different treatment schedules for perennial immunotherapy, 47 adult patients with spring‐time hay fever due to allergy against birch and other deciduous trees were randomly assigned to three treatment groups: one group received birch, alder and hazel allergen in Allpyral, another group received the same Allpyral mixture and in addition all relevant tree pollens in aqueous extract and a control group received no injections. For determination of antibody litres the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) and the ammonium sulphate precipitation (ASP) technique were used. Cellular responsiveness was studied by measuring birch pollen (BP) induced leucocyte histamine release in peripheral blood.The clinical and immunological response was similar in the two treated groups. Treated patients had fess symptoms and a lower consumption of antihistamine tablets during the pollen season than the control group.Non‐IgE BP antibodies and IgE antibodies recorded with the ASP technique increased after immunotherapy while RAST values did not change significantly. A decrease of RAST values from postseasonal values during the first year to pre‐seasonal values in the following year was seen in all patient groups but was less pronounced in treated than in untreated patients. The decrease was more pronounced in patients with high RAST values of postseasonal sera than in patients with low RAST values. Cellular reactivity increased slightly during the first phase of therapy but returned to the pre‐treatment level later.Clinical improvement was positively correlated to the percentage increase of non‐IgE antibody titres and to the pre‐treatment non‐IgE/IgE antibody ratio. Patients with high preseasonal RAST titres or high cellular sensitivity tended to have more severe symptoms during the pollen season.It is concluded that a mixture of birch, alder and hazel is sufficient for immunotherapy in spring‐term hay fever. It is obvious that changes of a single immunological variable do not account for the therapeutic results in immunotherapy.
Comparison of Skin Tests and RAST for the Diagnosis of Bee Sting Allergy
Authors: Patrizzi R. , Müller U. , Yman L. , Hoigné R. 
Published: May 2007

Skin tests and estimation of specific IgE‐antibodies by the RAST are evaluated as diagnostic procedures in bee sting hypersensitivity with the following results:

Tests with venom antigens are highly superior to tests with wholebody extracts.
With bee venom results of skin tests and RAST correspond in 82%, with bee wholebody extracts in 68%.
Both with skin tests and the RAST with bee venom a good discrimination between patients with bee sting hypersensitivity and non‐allergic controls is observed. Skin tests with bee venom are somewhat more sensitive than bee venom‐RAST.
With the careful skin test procedure chosen, no adverse reactions were observed.
Dust Mites
Authors: Cardoso R. Ronald de A. , Barbosa Calogeras A. A. , Nascimento J. J. 
Published: May 2007

Mattress dust was collected by out‐patients attending hospital for respiratory allergic problems. The dust mites were counted in “pool” samples of 100 mg. Each sample represented a single month's collection.The mites were classified according to Family: Pyroglyphidae and Cheyletidae, Those not belonging to either of these two families were classified as “other miles”.Temperature and humidity during the period of the study showed no correlations with the number of mites.There was a statistically significant correlation between the various mite groups.
Mites in House Dust in the Stockholm Area
Authors: Turos Maria 
Published: May 2007

Today there is no doubt chat mites (and especially species within the Pyroglyphidae family: Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Dermatophogoides farinae) are an important agent in dust allergies. The author reports on a study of the occurrence of mites in house dust in the environment of allergic persons in the Stockholm area. 201 private homes, IS farmers' houses and two hospitals have been studied.In 12% of the homes several different types of mite were found in dust in relatively small numbers, while pyroglyphids occurred in only 1.5% of the dwellings. The frequency of mites in dust from farmers' homes was three times higher and that of pyroglyphids ten times higher than in other dwellings.Mites were most often found in floor dust and very infrequently in bed dust. All hospital beds were free from mites; in floor‐dust samples from a hospital for long‐term therapy several species of mite were found.The author draws the conclusion that the conditions of climate and humidity within the geographical area studied are adverse to the development of an allergologically significant mite population in indoor dust, but that small numbers may spread from potted plants, work premises and outdoor flora.
Determinations of Penicilloyl Specific IgE Antibodies for the Evaluation of Hypersensitivity against Penicillin
Authors: Spath P. , Huber H. , Ludvan M. , Roth A. , Schwarz S. , Zelger J. 
Published: May 2007

Results from skin tests and radioallergosorbent test (penicilloyl G and penicilloyl V) were compared in 76 patients with suspected penicillin hypersensitivity and in 22 control subjects without such clinical symptoms. The test results were also correlated to the clinical history of adverse reactions and to the levels of total serum IgE. The overall agreement between skin test and R.AST results was 89% in the patient group. Two of the control subjects without symptoms were professionally employed with penicillin production; one of them had circulating IgE‐antibodies and the other exhibited positive skin tests. The skin tests were more frequently positive than the RAST test. By means of skin titration some of the skin tests were demonstrated to be false positive. The discrepancy can also be explained by the fact that skin reactions also occur in other situations than IgE‐mediated adverse reactions. Circulating IgE‐antibodies were not found in any of 23 cases where adverse reactions appeared later than 24 h after the latest penicillin administration.It is concluded that the measurement of circulating IgE‐antibodies is a valuable aid in the diagnosis of penicillin allergy.
Asthma and Allergy in Finnish Conscripts
Authors: Haahtela Tari , Jokela Hannu 
Published: May 2007

We studied the occurrence of asthma, bronchial wheezing, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis in 295 young men aged 18–19 years. The relationship of these symptoms to the immediate skin test reactivity was also determined. Symptoms indicating past or current allergy’ and bronchial wheezing were observed in 36%. The cumulative prevalence of asthma was 2.7% bronchial wheezing 9% in addition, allergic rhinitis including allergic conjunctivitis; 20% and atopic dermatitis (including allergic urticaria) 20%. Positive immediate skin prick test reactions were observed in 50% of the population. Allergic rhinitis was most clearly connected with a positive skin test. This study shows that the respiratory disorders, generally considered to be allergic in origin, and atopic dermatitis are more common in Finland than has been assumed. The results are however, in accordance with the observations made in other industrialized countries.Susceptibility to asthmatic reactions and allergic symptoms should be taken into account, more so than at present, when judging the capability of a young man to manage compulsory military service.
Influence of the Pollen Season on Immediate Skin Test Reactivity to Common Allergens
Authors: Haahtela Tari , Jokela Hannu 
Published: May 2007

We studied the reproducibility of skin prick test reactions and tested 65 young men, picked from a population survey, in spring and fall. We used 16 extracts from two manufacturers with 12 common allergens. The extracts employed on both occasions were from the same allergen batches and the testing procedure was the same. Four subjects who reacted negatively in spring turned positive when retested in fall; the opposite happened to one subject. The result remained positive or negative on both occasions in 92%. The best reproducibility (96%) was obtained by pollens. The reactivity against tree and grass pollens was higher in fall than in spring; this is obviously a result of the immunologic stimuli induced by exposure to pollens during the season. The reactions caused by animal danders and house dust were, however, smaller in fall than in spring. This is believed to be due to young people being less exposed to indoor dusts in summer.The immediate skin test reactivity is influenced by several factors; we would like to add one: the time of year when the test is applied. The reproducibility of skin prick test results is quite satisfactory when the problem is approached as presented here.
New β‐Agonist, KWD 2131, Compared with Terbutaline in Asthmatics
Authors: Hegardt B. , Löwhagen O. , Svedmyr N. 
Published: May 2007

The equipotent bronchodilating doses of terbutaline and a new β‐agonist KWD 2131 with a relatively stronger anti‐allergic (inhibition of mediator release) than bronchodilating effect given in nebulized from was estimated in eight patients with intrinsic asthma. The subthreshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 was also evaluated. The study was a 2‐day, single‐blind cross‐over comparison between cumulative doses of KWD 2131 (0.5 mg to 12 mg) and terbutaline (0.05 mg to 1.2 mg) Both drugs gave a dose‐dependent bronchodilating effect as measured spirometrically. It was already statistically significant at the 0.03 mg dose of terbutaline, but not until the median value of the bronchodilating potency of terbutaline relative to KWD 2131 was 30. The influence of the two substances on tremor and the cardiovascular system was minimum and clinically umimportant.The search for the subthreshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 was of interest, as this dose was to be used in a subsequent antigen provocation study in order to selectively evaluate KWD 2131's anti‐allergic property. The mean subthreshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 was 1 mg. However, four of the eight patients showed bronchodilatation at the 1 mg dose, and two of the four also at 0.5 mg.
Histamine‐Induced Bronchospasm
Authors: Hegardt B. , Löwhagen O. , Svedmyr N. 
Published: May 2007

The reproducibility of the histamine challenge in seven asymptomatic patients with extrinsic asthma, provoked four times each with 1–2 weeks interval, was investigated. The method was thereafter used in order to find the sub‐threshold bronchodilating dose of a new β‐agonist KWD 2131 with a preferably anti‐allergic property. Selection of patients and methodology of the histamine challenge procedure were carefully standardized. Histamine was administered during quiet breathing at 3‐min intervals in a step‐wise cumulative manner up to a point where >20% decrease in FEV1.0 was reached. The pooled intra‐individual standard deviation was 4.6% in FEV1.0, 5.0% in PEFR, and 4.7% in FVC.Pretreatment with KWD 2131, before histamine challenge, showed that the sub‐threshold dose for bronchodilatation was 0.5 mg in nine patients and 0.25 mg in three patients compared with 1 mg in patients with intrinsic asthma. It was important to perform individualized dose‐titration of the sub‐threshold bronchodilating dose of KWD 2131 before initiation of a subsequent allergen provocation study.