bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Arthroscopic Release of the Vastus Lateralis Tendon for Recurrent Patellar Dislocation
Authors: Woods G. William , Elkousy Hussein A. , O'Connor Daniel P. 
Published: January 2006

Background Arthroscopic release of the vastus lateralis tendon for treatment of recurrent patellar dislocation has been criticized on the grounds that it may weaken the quadriceps. Hypothesis Quadriceps strength and outcome measures improve after arthroscopic release of the vastus lateralis tendon in patients with documented patellar dislocation. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Twenty patients who had recurrent patellar dislocation underwent arthroscopic lateral retinacular release that included a complete release of the vastus lateralis tendon from the superior pole of the patella and were observed prospectively. Bilateral quadriceps strength was tested preoperatively and at follow-up with an isokinetic dynamometer. Patients also completed the International Knee Documentation Committee Subjective Knee Form and the Short Form-36 preoperatively and postoperatively. Results Follow-up averaged 27 months (range, 24-43 months). There were no redislocations. Mean quadriceps strength improved by a mean of 28% (from 32.3 to 41.4 N·m). The mean quadriceps torque ratio (involved/uninvolved) improved significantly from a preoperative value of 63% (31/51 N·m) to 80% (42/52 N·m) at follow-up (P = .017). Fourteen patients (70%) increased quadriceps torque, and 6 patients (30%) decreased quadriceps torque. Only 1 patient failed to improve on International Knee Documentation Committee and Short Form-36 scores. The International Knee Documentation Committee scores improved from 45 points preoperatively to 76 points at follow-up (P = .001). The Short Form-36 physical component summary scores improved from 38 points preoperatively to 50 points at follow-up (P = .007), and the Short Form-36 physical functioning subscale scores improved from 53 points to 86 points (P = .015). Conclusion Arthroscopic release of the vastus lateralis tendon and lateral patellar retinaculum in patients with recurrent patellar dislocation can improve quadriceps strength and knee function.
Differences in Torsional Joint Stiffness of the Knee between Genders
Authors: Hsu Wei-Hsiu , Fisk Jesse A. , Yamamoto Yuji , Debski Richard E. , Woo Savio L-Y. 
Published: January 2006

Background In many sports, female athletes have a higher incidence of anterior cruciate ligament injury than do male athletes. Among many risk factors, the lower rotatory joint stiffness of female knees has been suggested for the increased rate of anterior cruciate ligament injuries. Hypothesis In response to combined rotatory loads, female knees have significantly lower torsional joint stiffness and higher rotatory joint laxity than do male knees at low flexion angles, despite the fact that no such gender differences would be found in response to an anterior tibial load. Study Design Comparative laboratory study. Methods Joint kinematics of 82 human cadaveric knees (38 female, 44 male) in response to (1) combined rotatory loads of 10 N·m valgus and ±5 N·m internal tibial torques and (2) a 134-N anterior-posterior tibial load were measured using a robotic/universal force-moment sensor testing system. Results In response to combined rotatory loads, female knees had as much as 25% lower torsional joint stiffness (female: 0.79 N·m/deg; 95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.91; male: 1.06 N·m/deg; 95% confidence interval, 0.95-1.17) and up to 35% higher rotatory joint laxity (female: 26.2°; 95% confidence interval, 24.5°-27.9°; male: 20.5°; 95% confidence interval, 18.8°-22.2°) than did male knees (P < .05), whereas there were no gender differences in response to the anterior tibial load (P > .05). Conclusion Female knees had lower torsional joint stiffness and higher rotatory joint laxity than did male knees in response to combined rotatory loads. Clinical Relevance Larger axial rotations of female knees in response to rotatory loads may affect the distribution of forces in soft tissues and the function of muscles that provide knee stability. Control algorithms used during the biomechanical testing of cadaveric knees and computational knee models might need to be gender specific.
Long-term Outcome of Endoscopic Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with Patellar Tendon Autograft
Authors: Salmon Lucy J. , Russell Vivianne J. , Refshauge Kathryn , Kader Deiary , Connolly Chris , Linklater James , Pinczewski Leo A. 
Published: January 2006

Background Short-term results of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are well reported; however, there are no studies evaluating endoscopic reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament with a minimum 10-year follow-up. Hypothesis Anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon graft affords good subjective results and clinical laxity assessments but may be associated with development of osteoarthritis over the long term. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction was performed in 67 consecutive patients without significant articular surface damage. Patients were assessed at 5, 7, and 13 years after surgery with the International Knee Documentation Committee Knee Ligament Evaluation Form, Lysholm knee score, hop tests, kneeling pain, and radiographs. Results At 13-year review, self-reported assessments remained excellent; 96% of patients reported normal or nearly normal knee function. Grade 0 or 1 results were seen in more than 92% of patients on laxity testing. Patients who had undergone meniscectomy at the time of reconstruction had increased laxity between 7 and 13 years on instrumented testing (P = .03) and 6 times greater odds of anterior cruciate ligament graft rupture than if they had not undergone meniscectomy (95% confidence interval, 1-37). Degenerative changes on radiographs were found in 79% of patients at 13 years and were associated with meniscectomy (P = .006), loss of extension (P = .05), and greater laxity on Lachman test (P = .04). Conclusions Endoscopic anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with patellar tendon autograft affords and maintains good self-reported assessments and clinical ligament evaluation up to 13 years. Radiographic degenerative changes were seen in three quarters of patients. Almost half developed loss of extension, suggesting onset of early osteoarthritis. Patients who had undergone meniscectomy at the time of reconstruction had increased clinical ligament laxity over time and greater odds of graft rupture, possibly reflecting the effect of prolonged increased strain on the graft. Continued follow-up is required to resolve concerns regarding integrity of the patellar tendon graft beyond 13 years, particularly in the absence of meniscal tissue.
Results of the National Initiative for Cancer Care Quality: How Can We Improve the Quality of Cancer Care in the United States?
Authors: Malin Jennifer L. , Schneider Eric C. , Epstein Arnold M. , Adams John , Emanuel Ezekiel J. , Kahn Katherine L. 
Published: January 2006

Purpose In 1999, the National Cancer Policy Board called attention to the quality of cancer care in the United States and recommended establishing a quality monitoring system with the capability of regularly reporting on the quality of care for patients with cancer. Methods Using data from a patient survey 4 years after diagnosis and review of medical records, we determined the percentage of stage I to III breast cancer and stage II to III colorectal cancer survivors in five metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) across the United States who received recommended care specified by a comprehensive set of explicit quality measures. Results Two thousand three hundred sixty-six (63%) of 3,775 eligible patients responded to the survey, and 85% consented to have their medical records reviewed. Our final analytic sample (n = 1,765) included 47% of the eligible patients. Patients with breast and colorectal cancer received 86% of recommended care (95% CI, 86% to 87%) and 78% of recommended care (95% CI, 77% to 79%), respectively. Adherence to quality measures was less than 85% for 18 of the 36 breast cancer measures, and significant variation across MSAs was observed for seven quality measures. The percent adherence was less than 85% for 14 of the 25 colorectal cancer measures, and one quality measure demonstrated statistically significant variation across the MSAs. Conclusion Initial management of patients with breast and colorectal cancer in the United States seemed consistent with evidence-based practice; however, substantial variation in adherence to some quality measures point to significant opportunities for improvement.
Critically appraising qualitative research for systematic reviews: defusing the methodological cluster bombs
Authors: Attree Pamela , Milton Beth 
Published: January 2006

English
This article examines the place of qualitative research within systematic reviews as evidence for policy, discusses the critical appraisal process as applied to qualitative research, and gives illustrative examples of sound qualitative studies from the health policy field. A checklist is a useful tool for the quality evaluation of qualitative research, facilitating comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of different studies, and should stimulate debate between reviewers as part of the broader critical appraisal process. Critical appraisal must be central to research syntheses, thus enabling reviewers to make only good-quality qualitative evidence accessible for policy makers and practitioners.
Delivering evidence-based policy and practice: lessons from the implementation of the UK Crime Reduction Programme
Authors: Nutley Sandra , Homel Peter 
Published: January 2006

English
This article uses findings from an evaluative review of the implementation of the Crime Reduction Programme (CRP) to highlight the key challenges faced when seeking to deliver evidence-based policy programmes. It considers ways of facilitating the translation of research into practical programmes and projects, and the difficulty of designing effective processes for evaluation, learning and change. The overall lesson is the importance of an approach to programme design and implementation that balances the many tensions inherent in evidence-based programmes, including fidelity to the evidence base versus innovation, short-term wins versus long-term learning, and evaluator distance and independence versus a more ‘hands-on’ and active evaluator role.
Feeding-Facilitating Techniques for the Nursing Infant with Robin Sequence
Authors: Nassar Edamil , Marques Ilza Lazarinni , Trindade Alceu Sergio , Bettiol Heloísa 
Published: January 2006

Objective To determine the effectiveness of feeding-facilitating techniques in children with Robin sequence. Setting Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. Patients Twenty-six children less than 2 months of age with Robin sequence, whose only cause of respiratory obstruction was glossoptosis. Thirteen infants were treated by being placed in the prone position (Group 1), and 13 were treated by nasopharyngeal intubation (Group 2). Interventions During hospitalization, the following feeding-facilitating techniques were applied daily to all children: pacifier, massage to relax and anteriorize the tongue, long and soft bottle nipple with original or enlarged hole, global symmetric position, rhythmic movement of the nipple during suction, and insertion of the nipple on the tongue. Results During the first evaluation, Group 1 patients accepted 36.15 ± 33.05 mL milk orally within a period of 44.62 ± 42.94 minutes, whereas Group 2 ingested 20.00 ± 20.51 mL milk within 30.38 ± 25.77 minutes. A significant increase (p < .01) in the volume of ingested milk was observed for the two groups at hospital discharge after a mean treatment period of 10.7 days (Group 1: 63.46 ± 22.58 mL and Group 2: 55.00 ± 13.07 mL). The mean duration of feeding decreased in the two groups, with a value of 21.54 ± 7.18 minutes for Group 1 and of 20.28 ± 8.53 minutes for Group 2. Conclusion The results showed that feeding-facilitating techniques can foster oral feeding in infants with Robin sequence.
Facilitating Cleft Palate Team Participation of Culturally Diverse Families in South Africa
Authors: Louw Brenda , Shibambu Mary , Roemer Karin 
Published: January 2006

Objective The Facial Cleft Deformities Clinic, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa, provides interdisciplinary team services to patients with cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies. They represent the “rainbow nation” of South Africa and reflect the multicultural and multilingual nature of the population, which poses a challenge to effective and accountable service delivery. The aim of this study was to explore some cultural variations that exist in black families that influence their participation in the team approach and to describe the assets of families that may be used to empower them and to enhance service delivery. Design A descriptive survey research design. A questionnaire-by-interview procedure was utilized during routine visits of 35 black families to the Facial Cleft Deformities Clinic. Results The results are discussed from an ethnographic perspective of the family and describe the knowledge base of the participants, the diagnosis and treatment of the children's cleft lip and palate, family structure and support systems, family income and education, and the geographical distribution of the participants. Implications for building family partnerships and for improving professionals’ cultural competence in order to improve the quality of service delivery are presented. Conclusions By viewing cultural differences on a continuum, following the asset-based approach, applying knowledge based on contextually relevant research, and recognizing family uniqueness, families may be empowered to participate fully in the team approach to support their children with cleft lip and palate and craniofacial anomalies in attaining their full potential in the South African context.
The Dynamics in Implantation for Patients with Clefts
Authors: Nagasao Tomohisa , Miyamoto Junpei , Jin Hongmei , Tamaki Tamotsu , Isshiki Yasushige , Kaneko Tsuyoshi , Nakajima Tatsuo 
Published: January 2006

Objective To investigate the stresses and strains of an endosseous dental implant in patients with different types of cleft palate in a finite element model. Materials and Methods Seven three-dimensional (3D) maxillary models were designed on a personal computer according to computed tomography slice data obtained from seven dry skulls. Next, computer-aided modification was performed on each model to produce three other 3D models with different cleft patterns. Thus, four model types with different cleft patterns were designed and termed NORM (without cleft), ALVEOLAR (only alveolar cleft), PALATAL (only palatal cleft), and COMPLETE (complete cleft). An implant was embedded into the molar region of each model, and a 300-N vertical load and 50-N horizontal load were applied to simulate mastication. Under these conditions, the stresses occurring at the implant-bone interface were calculated by finite element analysis. Results Different stress patterns were observed between the models with a palatal cleft (PALATAL and COMPLETE) and those without palatal cleft (NORM and ALVEOLAR). Regarding vertical load application, greater stresses occurred in PALATAL and COMPLETE types than in NORM and ALVEOLAR types. On application of a horizontal load, though the stresses did not show quantitative difference, their vector patterns differed. Conclusion In patients with palatal clefts, characteristic stress patterns occur on the bone-implant interface during mastication. This should be taken into consideration when performing an implant treatment in patients with clefts.
Comparison of Resonance Outcomes after Pharyngeal Flap and Furlow Double-Opposing Z-Plasty for Surgical Management of Velopharyngeal Incompetence
Authors: Dailey Scott A. , Karnell Michael P. , Karnell Lucy Hynds , Canady John W. 
Published: January 2006

Objective The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that no significant difference exists in the speech outcomes between patients with severe velopharyngeal incompetence (VPI) who receive a pharyngeal flap and patients with less severe VPI who receive a Z-plasty for management of VPI. Design This retrospective study from 1993 to 2002 included a review of pre- and postoperative perceptual speech and resonance assessments of patients with marginal VPI who received a Furlow double-opposing Z-plasty and patients with VPI who received a pharyngeal flap. Setting All patients had surgical management of VPI at the Cleft Palate– Craniofacial Clinic at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics. Results Both groups benefited from surgery with significant reduction in perceived hypernasality (p < .001). Comparison of postoperative assessments indicated no difference between the groups in hypernasality or hyponasality ratings. Neither group had a significant increase in hyponasality. Conclusion Both pharyngeal flap and double-opposing Z-plasty proved equally effective at reducing hypernasality when the selection of the surgical procedures was based on preoperative ratings of perceived hypernasality and evaluation of velopharyngeal physiology. Severity of the VPI is an important factor when considering surgical management of VPI. Thorough preoperative evaluations of patients with VPI are essential in appropriate treatment planning.
Contributions of PTCH Gene Variants to Isolated Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Mansilla M. A. , Cooper M. E. , Goldstein T. , Castilla E. E. , Camelo J. S. Lopez , Marazita M. L. , Murray J. C. 
Published: January 2006

Objective Mutations in patched (PTCH) cause the nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), or Gorlin syndrome. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome may present with developmental anomalies, including rib and craniofacial abnormalities, and predisposes to several tumor types, including basal cell carcinoma and medulloblastoma. Cleft palate is found in 4% of individuals with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Because there might be specific sequence alterations in PTCH that limit expression to orofacial clefting, a genetic study of PTCH was undertaken in cases with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) known not to have nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome. Results Seven new normal variants spread along the entire gene and three missense mutations were found among cases with cleft lip and/or palate. One of these variants (P295S) was not found in any of 1188 control samples. A second variant was found in a case and also in 1 of 1119 controls. The third missense (S827G) was found in 5 of 1369 cases and in 5 of 1104 controls and is likely a rare normal variant. Linkage and linkage desequilibrium also was assessed using normal variants in and adjacent to the PTCH gene in 220 families (1776 individuals), each with two or more individuals with isolated clefting. Although no statistically significant evidence of linkage (multipoint HLOD peak = 2.36) was uncovered, there was borderline evidence of significant transmission distortion for one haplotype of two single nucleotide polymorphisms located within the PTCH gene (p = .08). Conclusion Missense mutations in PTCH may be rare causes of isolated cleft lip and/or palate. An as yet unidentified variant near PTCH may act as a modifier of cleft lip and/or palate.
Harnessing the Actuation Potential of Solid‐State Intercalation Compounds
Authors: Koyama Y. , Chin T. E. , Rhyner U. , Holman R. K. , Hall S. R. , Chiang Y.‐M. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractHigh‐strain, high‐force mechanical actuation technologies are desirable for numerous applications ranging from microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) to large‐scale “smart structures” that are able to change shape to optimize performance. Here we show that electrochemical intercalation of inorganic compounds of high elastic modulus offers a low‐voltage mechanism (less than 5 V) with intrinsic energy density approaching that of hydraulics and more than a hundred times greater than that of existing field‐operated mechanisms, such as piezostriction and magnetostriction. Exploitation of the reversible crystallographic strains (several percent) of intercalation compounds while under high stress is key to realization of the available energy. Using a micromachined actuator design, we test the strain capability of oriented graphite due to electrochemical lithiation under stresses up to 200 MPa. We further demonstrate that simultaneous electrochemical expansion of the LiCoO2/graphite cathode/anode couple can be exploited for actuation under stresses up to ∼ 20 MPa in laminated macroscopic composite actuators of similar design to current lithium‐ion batteries. While the transport‐limited actuation mechanism of these devices results in intrinsically slower actuation compared to most ferroic materials, we demonstrate up to 6.7 mHz (150 s) cyclic actuation in a laminated actuator designed for a high charge/discharge rate. The potential for a new class of high‐strain, high‐force, moderate‐frequency actuators suitable for a broad range of applications is suggested.
Polymer flocculation of calcite: Population balance model
Authors: Heath Alex R. , Bahri Parisa A. , Fawell Phillip D. , Farrow John B. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA population balance (PB) model is used to describe the aggregation/breakage kinetics of calcite flocculation in turbulent pipe flow. The model describes simultaneous aggregation and breakage, and accounts for likely process variables: fluid shear, flocculant dosage, primary particle size and solid fraction, using four fitted parameters. Particle collision is described by the turbulent collision kernel of Saffman and Turner,1 however, the capture efficiency (α) is initially set to equal zero until the point of flocculant addition, then increases rapidly as described by an equation accounting for flocculant mixing/adsorption. Particles aggregated by high‐molecular weight polymer flocculant typically do not achieve a steady‐state aggregate size, where the rates of aggregation and breakage are equal. Instead, the aggregate size decreases gradually due to polymer chain scission or rearrangement on repeated aggregation/breakage. This phenomenon is accounted for in the model by a flocculant strength degradation term. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
CFD simulation of gas–liquid stirred vessel: VC, S33, and L33 flow regimes
Authors: Khopkar Avinash R. , Ranade Vivek V. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractA comprehensive computational model based on the Eulerian–Eulerian approach was developed to simulate gas–liquid flows in a stirred vessel. A separate submodel was developed to quantitatively understand the influence of turbulence and presence of neighboring bubbles on drag acting on bubbles. This submodel was used to identify an appropriate correlation for estimating the interphase drag force. The standard k–ϵ turbulence model was used to simulate turbulent gas–liquid flows in a stirred vessel. A computational snapshot approach was used to simulate motion of the standard Rushton turbine in a fully baffled vessel. The computational model was mapped onto FLUENT4.5, a commercial CFD solver. The model predictions were compared with the previously published experimental data of Bombac and co‐workers. The model was used to simulate three distinct flow regimes in gas–liquid stirred vessels: vortex clinging (VC), alternating small cavities (S33), and alternating large cavities (L33). The predicted results show reasonably good agreement with the experimental data for all three regimes. The computational model and results discussed in this work would be useful for understanding and simulating gas holdup distribution and flow regimes in stirred vessels. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006