bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Traubenertrag, Mineralstoffgehalt von Blättern und 1‐jährigen Trieben sowie Frostanfälligkeit der Knospen von Vitis vinifera L. bei verschiedenen CI−/SO42−Relationen
Authors: Edelbauer A. 
Published: February 2007

The influence of different Cl−/SO42− ratios in nutrient solutions applied to vines (Vitis vinifera L), on grape yields, mineral composition of leaves and stems, and bud suspectibility to frostA nutrient culture experiment with vines was carried out to investigate the influence of different Cl−/SO42− ratios on grape yields, the mineral composition of leaves and one year old stems, as well as the frost susceptibility of the buds.Cuttings of the cultivar „Grüner Veltliner”︁ were grown for a two year period in hydroponic cultures before the onset of the experiment in the third year. The four treatments applied which differed only in Cl−/SO42− ratio were as follows, the ratios being expressed in me/l: 1) 4 Cl−/0.5 SO42−, 2) 2.5 Cl−/2.0 SO42−, 3) 1 Cl−/3.5 SO42− and 4) traces of Cl−/4.5 SO42−.The results may be summarized as follows:
When the proportion of chloride in the nutrient solution was high (treatments 1 and 2) grape yields were on average only about half those obtained in the higher sulphate treatments (treatments 3 and 4).
In the transition from the chloride to sulphate treatments, the Ca, Mg and K contents of the leaves fell. The same was also true for the contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn. In the one year old stems the Fe content increased markedly, and to about the same extent as the fall in Zn content. A distinct negative correlation was observed between the chloride and nitrate contents in the leaves as well as in the one year old stems.
The highest frost suspectibility of the buds was obtained with a ratio of 1 me Cl− to 3.5 me SO42−.
Einfluß der Kaliumdüngung auf die Verfügbarkeit des Kaliums in K‐fixierenden Böden im Verlaufe der Vegetationszeit
Authors: Burkart N. , Amberger A. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of potassium fertilization on K‐availability in potassium fixing soils over the vegetative periodThe effect of potassium fertilization on the K‐availability over the course of the vegetative period was tested on nine potassium fixing soils over two years.The availability of potassium fertilized at the beginning of vegetative period falls (on a soil with 50% clay) to half of the original amount within one month. The availability decreases especially during the time without vegetation. Only after fertilization with 1200 kg K2O/ha are substantial amounts of potassium available for the plants until the end of the vegetative period (determined by electroultrafiltration).An annual application of 300 kg K2O/ha only slightly increased the CAL‐K and exchangeable K in comparison with the unfertilized plots, although the plants showed marked yield responses. A significant improvement in potassium supply was not obtained with less than 600 kg K2O/ha.The potassium wet fixation values are relatively constant on the plots without or with low K‐fertilization: after high potassium application they show considerable fluctuation. The fixation potential is considerably reduced with an annual application of 1800 kg K2O/ha, but is not completely removed.Potassium can be removed by repeated extraction with a dilute CaCl2‐solution but the rate at which it is released into the soil solution is too slow compared to the needs of rapidly growing crop plants. The rise in the level of available potassium by fertilization is reverse to the clay content.There was considerable variation between the different available potassium forms over the vegetative period on the highly fertilized plots; consequently a soil test made annually can only give a rough idea of the K‐level in potassium fixing soils.
On the surface activity of humic acid
Authors: Tschapek M. , Scoppa Co. , Wasowski C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractHumic acid, the principal component of soil organic matter, contains the surface active substances peptizable with alkali and non‐lixiviable with benzene, ethanol and benzene‐ethanol mixture. The surface tension of the decantate of suspension is below that of pure water being a few (< 10) erg cm−2 before peptization, and up to 30 erg cm−2 after peptization.According to the surface tension values of the decantates of suspensions, the soils can be in the following order: non‐lixiviated < lixiviated with benzene < lixiviated with ethanol < lixiviated with benzene‐ethanol mixture.
The effect of P source, time, moisture, and pH on the movement of Cd in soil
Authors: Waggan M. R. , Levi‐Minzi R. , Riffaldi R. 
Published: February 2007

Die Wirkung von P‐Form, Zeit, Wassergehalt und pH auf die Bewegung von Cd im BodenDer Einfluß von P‐Form, Zeit, Wassergehalt und pH auf die Cd‐ und P‐Bewegung in einem sandigen Lehmboden, dem Cd‐P‐Mischungen zugegeben waren, wurde untersucht. Im Vergleich zu Cd allein verringerten die P‐Formen die Cd‐Diffusion in der Reihenfolge: Diammoniumphosphat (DAP) > Monocalciumphosphat (MCP) > Natriummetaphosphat (SMP) > Monoammoniumphosphat (MAP).Zeit und Wassergehalt hatten praktisch keinen Einfluß auf die Cd‐Wiedergewinnung mit DAP‐Cd‐Mischung, während im Fall von MAP‐Cd‐Mischung Zeit und Wassergehalt die Cd‐Diffusion erhöhten. Die Cd‐Bewegung im Boden wurde durch steigendes Boden‐pH mit beiden P‐Formen erniedrigt. Der Einfluß von Zeit, Wassergehalt und pH auf die P‐Bewegung wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung des Ernährungssystems von Karottengewebekulturen: Photosynthese, Kohlenstoff‐ und Stickstoffernährung, Mineralstoffverbrauch
Authors: Neumann K.‐H. , Pertzsch Ch. , Moos M. , Krömmelbein G. 
Published: February 2007

Characterization of the nutritional system of carrot tissue cultures: Photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen nutrition, uptake of mineral nutrientsDuring a culture period of 28 days qualitative and quantitative changes in the nutritional system of carrot tissue cultures can be observed. Investigations on sugar uptake, CO2 fixation, and uptake of amino acids and nitrate indicate a succession of 3 periods, i.e. a heterotrophic period at the beginning of the culture period (up to 10 days), a mixotrophic period (till about the 20th day) followed by an autotrophic period. The transition into the autotrophic period could be only observed in treatments supplemented with kinetin. Uptake of potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium was closely correlated to cell division activity of the explants as induced by m‐inositol, IAA and kinetin.
Ausfilterung von Schwefelverbindungen aus der Luft durch einen Buchenbestand
Authors: Ulrich B. , Mayer R. , Khanna P. K. , Prenzel J. 
Published: February 2007

Filtering of Sulfur compounds from air by beech forestIn a mature beech (Fagus silvatica) forest the amounts of sulfate‐S per ha and year in open land precipitation, throughfall, stem flow and seepage in 100 cm soil depth have been measured from 1969 to 1976. From the fluxes measured quantitative data on plant leaching and dry deposition in the form of plant filtering are derived. Dry deposition amounts to 26kg S · ha−1 · y−1 and is of the same size as wet deposition (24 kg). The leaching of sulfate takes place only in autumn and amounts to ca. 3 kg S. The acid soil in the range of Al‐buffering increases its sulfate storage annually by ca. 17 kg S/ha.
Gipslöslichkeiten in wässerigen Systemen mit NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4 und MgSO4
Authors: Friedel B. 
Published: February 2007

Gypsum solubilities in aqueous systems containing NaCl, MgCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4Solubilities of Gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O) have been determined within the systems MgSO4–MgCl2–NaCl–H2O and MgSO4–Na2SO4–NaCl–H2O at 21 different compositions of solutions per concentration range (0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.5, and 1.0mol/l) of total easily soluble salt. Lines of equal solubilities of gypsum can be constructed form these data. They make possible to estimate gypsum solubility in solutions of similar composition. Small quantities of KCl or KNO3 may be taken as NaCl. Solubilities measured under percolation conditions deviate sometimes to lower, those measured at supersaturation to higher values. The tendency to supersaturation lowers with increasing content of crystal‐solution interfaces within the system. At concentrations of easily soluble salts from 0,01 to 0,15mol/l the solubility of gypsum is governed by the CL−:SO= 4‐ratio. Concentration of solution or Na+:Mg++ ‐ratio are of lower efficiency.
Changes in some physical properties of clay soils induced by dextrans
Authors: Guidi G. , Pagliai M. , Petruzzelli G. , Aringhieri R. 
Published: February 2007

Durch Dextrane hervorgerufene Veränderungen einiger physikalischer Eigenschaften von TonbödenVeränderungen in Wasserstabilitätsindex, Spezifischer Oberfläche und Mikroporengrößenverteilung nach Behandlung mit 3 Dextranen wurden an 1–2 mm großen Aggregaten von 3 italienischen Tonböden bestimmt.Das Molekulargewicht der ausgewählten Dextrane reichte von 10.300 bis 1.960.000, und eine Lösung jeden Polymers wurde so zu den Bodenproben gegeben, daß der Endgehalt 0,5 bis 2,5 Gew.‐% auf lufttrockener Basis betrug.Die durch Feuchtsiebung bestimmten Wasserstabilitätsindizes stiegen signifikant nach jeder Behandlung mit den beiden Dextranen höheren Molekulargewichtes, blieben jedoch praktisch unbeeinflußt durch das kleinste Polymer noch bei der höchsten der benutzten Konzentrationen.Die Spezifische Oberfläche, bestimmt durch Stickstoff‐Adsorption bei niedriger Temperatur, nahm in den behandelten Böden immer unabhängig von dem Molekulargewicht des benutzten Dextrans, und ausschließlich abhängig vom Anstieg des Polymergehaltes ab.Die Größenverteilung der Mikroporen der 3 Böden, berechnet aus der Desorptionskurve der Stickstoff‐Isothermen, zeigte ein Maximum für Poren von ungefähr 19 Å. Alle Dextrane durchdrangen nicht die zu diesem Maximum gehörenden Poren, sondern blockierten teilweise ihren Eingang. Auf diese Weise wurde der für den Stickstoff zugängliche Volumenanteil vermindert.
Salt influence on nitrate and phosphate uptake by broad beans and barley in sand culture
Authors: Metwally A. I. , El‐Damaty A. , Moustafa M. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIncreasing salt concentration from 10−4N to 3 × 10−3N increased the uptake and percent of N and P in shoots and roots of barley and broad bean plants. This effect was higher the higher the cation valence and the lower the anion valence following the order CaCl2 > KCl ⩾ K2SO4. The increase in N and P uptake was higher in broad bean plants having higher C.E.C. than in barley having lower C.E.C.
Phosphatformen in Unterwasserböden Ca‐reicher Fließgewässer
Authors: Baumann G. , Fischer W. R. 
Published: February 2007

Forms of phosphates in underwater soils of Ca‐rich running watersUnderwater soils of small carbonaceous rivers in Upper Bavaria have phosphorus contents between 300 ppm in oligotrophic creeks and more than 0.2% in heavily polluted waters. The (Al,Fe)‐P and the Ca‐P occupied 20–35% and 28–38% of total phosphorus (Pt) resp., so that inorganic phosphates represent 53 to 64% of Pt. The correlation between Pt and carbonate is negative, but is positive between Pt and oxalate Fe or organic substance. Addition of P results in a relative increase of (Al,Fe)‐P compared with other forms. Approximately 7 to 15% of total P is subject to isotopic exchange with 32P.
Instability of phosphate during storage and shaking of gülle
Authors: Fordham A. W. , Schwertmann U. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGülle samples were unstable during both storage and experimentation. Phosphate concentrations in solution decreased quite sharply during the first month of storage at either 4°C or laboratory temperature, and thereafter continued to decrease at a slower rate until pseudoequilibrium was reached after 80–100 days.
Influence of different mulch treatments on growth rate and activity of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg)
Authors: Mba C. C. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractGrowth characteristics of the earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae and the impac of its activity on soil properties were studied in soil culture. The highest growth rate, fecundity and total weight increase were recorded in cassava mulch, compared with cocoyam mulch, grass and plantain pseudo trunk mulch treatments. With animal manure treatments, growth rate was highest in poultry manure compared with cow and goat manures although total weight increases were highest in poultry and goat manures and lowest in cow manure. The worm activity expressed as percentage reduction of soil bulk density was greatest in cassava mulch followed by grass mulch, cocoyam mulch and plantain pseudo trunk mulch in that order. Various animal manures did not differ in this aspect. Total soil N and soil organic matter increased significantly in cassava and grass mulch treatmens while in plantain pseudo trunk mulch these factors decreased. Soil pH increased in cocoyam and plantain mulch treatments and decreased in cassava and grass mulch treatments.
Kalium‐Dynamik und Kalium‐Fixierung nordwestiranischer Böden
Authors: Karbachsch M. , Ulrich B. 
Published: February 2007

Dynamics and fixation of potassium in soils of North‐West‐IranThe following results were obtained from experiments conducted on two calcareous soils (A‐horizon) and on two soil samples from fertilizer experimental plots (K0 = control plot, K5 = 1000 kg K2O/ha) to study the dynamics and fixation of potassium in these soils:The K‐exchange curve of K5 sample when compared with K0 sample showed that, as a consequence of high fertilizer dose, most of the specific adsorption sites for cations (particularly on illites and weathering products of illites) were occupied by K which, thus, resulted into lower K‐adsorption as well as fixation.The shape of K‐exchange curves of other three samples (Alluvial soil, 16, Brown soil 26 and K0 sample, Fig. 5 and 6) indicates a typical bend at definite activity ratios. This bend in the exchange curves exists apparently in soils containing high content of illitic clay mineral fraction. This behaviour has been interpreted as a consequence of contraction of layers of illitic minerals which were formerly expanded due to loss of potassium.The K‐desorption experiment, which then followed, showed that a major part of sorbed amounts of potassium could not be desorbed and remained fixed in the soil.Similar type bend as in the exchange curve was also observed in the potassium fixation curves (Fig. 6 and 7).Illite is the dominant clay mineral in all these soils which in Brown soil and K0‐sample is expanded at edges; the expansion goes back to 10 A on treatment with K which then does not expand again on saturation with Mg.
Einfluß von Müllkompost und Eisenverbindungen auf die Eisen‐, Zink‐ und Manganaufnahme von Sonnenblumen und Mais im Gefäßversuch
Authors: Höfner W. , Kovanci I. , Hakerlerler H. 
Published: February 2007

Influence of compost and Fe‐compunds on the uptake of Fe, Zn and Mn by sunflower and maize in pot experimentsThe influence of compost and different iron compounds on the uptake of Fe, Zn and Mn from calcareous soils was investigated in a pot experiment using sunflower and maize.Regardless of the iron compounds applied, the addition of compost resulted in an increase of the Zn content in both plant species.The compost treatment without Fe, resulted in a lower Fe content in sunflower and maize. This effect was partly or completely counteracted by the addition of Fe compounds.Very high Zn contents were observed in the Fe – EDTA treatments. The Zn content was further increased when compost was also added.In treatments in which compost was omitted none of the Fe compounds applied increased the Fe content of the plants.
Umsatz und Wirkung von Harnstoff‐Dicyandiamid‐ sowie Ammonsulfat‐Dicyandiamid‐Produkten zu Weidelgras und Reis
Authors: Amberger A. , Gutser R. 
Published: February 2007

Transformation and effect of urea – dicyandiamide and ammonium sulphate – dicyandiamide products with ryegrass and riceThe transformation of urea or ammonium sulphate fertilizers both in combination with dicyandiamide was tested in soil under aerobic conditions. Nitrification was determined after percolation and different incubation periods by measuring the amount of nitrate leached.The mineralisation of urea and ammonium sulphate in the fertile soil was relatively quick. However the addition of 5 to 10 % DCD of the total fertilizer‐N inhibited vigorously the nitrification for 6 weeks, 20 % DCD even for 10 weeks. In this way the danger of nitrate leaching was greatly diminished and a slow and constant release of available nitrogen rendered.After a preceding aerobic incubation (up to 4 weeks), flooding and rice‐seeding diminished the nitrogen losses by leaching and denitrification remarkably in the Ha/DCD – as well as AS/DCD‐pots if compared to urea or ammonium sulphate alone. This effect was particulary clear after a 4 weeks incubation period. Therefore these urea – and ammonium sulphate‐dicy‐andiamide products guarantee a proper and constant N‐nutrition of the rice plants and may decrease the N‐losses caused by leaching and denitrification.Nitrogen fertilizers with nitrification inhibitors are of special interest for rice culture, because they allow a better timing of N‐fertilizer application, rice seeding and water flooding and render a more economical utilization of nitrogen fertilizers.
“Mobile Fraktionen” von Spurenelementen (Be, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, V, Zn) in Böden des Bärhaldegranitgebietes
Authors: Keilen Karl , Stahr Karl , Zöttl Heinz W. 
Published: February 2007

“Mobile fractions” of trace elements (Be, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, V, Zn) in soils of the Bärhalde‐granite area0.01 n NH4OH is suitable for extracting the „mobile fraction”︁ of trace elements. Along with the exchangeable fraction, organically bound components are predominantly extracted from the top soil, while in the subsoil, the oxide fraction is mainly extracted. An average of 80–90% of the extract is composed of organic substances and Al and Fe hydroxides.Pb and Cd in the soil primarily stem from airborne immissions. Zn, V, Cd, Co and Cu are to a great extent incorporated into the organic cycle. All investigated trace elements are more or less subjected to podzolization, wet leaching, and slope gleying processes. Here the tendency for the re‐enrichment of Zn and Cd is much reduced, whereas that for Cu, Co, Pb and Be is manifest.In the mineral soil horizons the trace elements are more mobile than the macro‐elements, while in the organic layers they are less mobile than the macro‐nutrients K, P, Ca, and Mg. Be, Co, Cu, and Zn occur primarily in oxidic bonded forms; Pb is mainly organically bound. Co is most highly involved in redox processes.The mobility in the mineral soil increases in the following order: Zn > Cd = V > Pb > Cu > Co > Be; in the organic layers it is as follows: Zn > V > Cd > Cu > Co > Be > Pb.Therefore Zn, Cd, and V are primarily mobile elements; in contrast Co, Be, and Pb are predominantly less mobile.
Die Wirkung von Branntkalk auf den Wasserhaushalt eines vulkanischen Aschenbodens aus Südchile (Trumao) im Gefäßversuch
Authors: Ellies A. , Hartge K. H. , Nissen J. 
Published: February 2007

Effect of burnt lime on water regime of a soil formed on volcanic ashes in Southern Chile (Trumao)A dystrandept of the south of Chile was mixed with 5% in weight CaO. The variation in water balance of limed and unlimed samples of this soil was studied.The liming provokes a disminution in the evaporation. The surface of the limed soil drys very rapidly, in relation to its unlimed equivalent, in such a way that it serves as a transpiration barrier.The decrease in the water loss favourably influenced growth of lettuce plants.
Wasserspannungsabhängiger Eindringwiderstand von Modellböden
Authors: Becher H. H. 
Published: February 2007

The resistance to penetration of model soils depending on water tensionThe device used for measuring resistance to penetration (Becher 1978b) allows to measure varying resistances corresponding to differences in texture, bulk density and moisture. Model soils consisting of varying layers of sand (0,2–0,5 mm) and silt (∼ 10–60μm) were equilibrated with water tensions ranging from 20 to 600 cmH2O. The resistances to penetration measured after equilibrium were significantly influenced by water tension corresponding to second power regressions. The extrema of these regressions being found between 250 and 350 cmH2O water tension were always maxima for silt and in most of the cases minima for sand regardless of thickness and arrangement of the textural layers. Moreover, silt showed an overall higher resistance to penetration (30 kp/cm2) than sand (15 kp/cm2). The interaction between unwieldiness of soil particles, cohesive and adhesive forces, and rate of change of negative pore water pressure (= water tension) probably causes at the same tension the differences of friction and resistance to penetration as stated for sand and silt.
Genese und Ökologie innerstädtischer Böden aus Bauschutt
Authors: Blume H.‐P. , Runge M. 
Published: February 2007

Formation and ecology of rural soils from debrisWithin 30 years Rendzinas have developed on habitats of debris and rubbles in West‐Berlin by accumulation of organic substances, carbonate impoverishing, slightly beginning acidity, and biogenic structuring. Their conditions for water, air, and nutrients were investigated for 2 years.
The use of rate equations for a quantitative description of K desorption from soils in an external electric field (electro‐ultrafiltration)
Authors: Grimme H. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIons can be extracted from soils by applying an external electric field to a soil suspension. When a constant field strength is employed characteristic desorption parameters can be calculated from the results, such as maximum desorbable quantity, halftime, and rate constant. The method consists of a combination of electrodialysis and ultrafiltration and is called electro‐ultrafiltration (EUF).It was found that the K transfer from the central compartment A to the cathode compartment B follows a first order rate law, if compartment A contains only the solution of a strong electrolyte such as KCl. If a soil suspension is introduced into compartment A the bulk of K that is transferred to compartment B has first to be desorbed from the soil particles hence the designation as desorption for the transfer from a soil suspension. In this case a second order rate law is followed.The rate equations allow the calculation of the quantity of K involved in the desorption process and the rate with which it is released. It was found that invariably only the exchangeable K takes part in the desorption reaction. The desorption rate differs between soils and depends on clay content and the quantity of exchangeable K present in the soil. It is suggested that the desorption data may provide a means of describing the soil K status by kinetic parameters.
Simulation des Anionen‐Transports in ungestörten Bodensäulen unter stationären Fließbedingungen
Authors: Beese F. , Van Ploeg R. R. Der 
Published: February 2007

AbstractIm Labor wurden „miscible displacement”︁ Experimente durchgeführt mit ungestörten Bodensäulen eines Waldbodens und eines Ackerbodens. Ziel der Experimente war es, Auskunft zu gewinnen über die Verlagerung von Cl− und NO3−Ionen unter stationären Fließbedingungen. Von jedem Boden wurden 5 Säulen untersucht und die Fließgeschwindigkeit der Bodenlösung war entweder 1 cm/Tag oder 0,3 cm/Tag. Es stellte sich heraus, daß die Durchbruchskurven für CL− und NO3− sehr ähnlich aussahen. Es wurde weiter gefunden, daß bei gleicher Fließgeschwindigkeit der scheinbare Diffusionskoeffizient für den Waldboden höher war als der des Ackerbodens. Wesentliche Stickstoffverluste bei der Durchströmung der Säulen wurden für beide Böden gefunden. Es konnte festgestellt werden, daß ein Konvektions‐Dispersionsmodell annähernd die Durchbruchskurven für beide Anionen beschreibt, falls der Anionenausschluß und die Stickstoffestlegung in dem Modell berücksichtigt werden. Über die Art des Anionenausschlusses und die Stickstoffestlegung konnten nur spekulative Aussagen gemacht werden.