bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Vom Remote‐Schneiden bis Lab on a Chip
Authors: Beyer Eckhard 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDer 3. Internationale Workshop Faserlaser in Dresden war ein voller Erfolg. Bei der Gelegenheit ergab sich auch die Möglichkeit für ein Gespräch mit dem Direktor des Fraunhofer‐Instituts für Werkstoff‐ und Strahltechnik IWS, Professor Dr. Eckhard Beyer. LTJ Chefredakteur Andreas Thoß nutzte die Gelegenheit, um mit ihm über Zukunft und Vergangenheit des IWS zu sprechen.
Mit Faser‐ und Scheibenlasern zu neuen Anwendungen
Authors: Vollertsen Frank , Buschenhenke Frank , Neumann Steffen , Partes Knut 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFaser‐ und Scheibenlaser sind heute in einem breiten Leistungsspektrum kommerziell verfügbar. Diese Laser ermöglichen aufgrund einer vergleichsweise hohen Strahlqualität und Leistungsdichte eine Vielzahl neuer Anwendungen, beispielsweise in den Bereichen des Schweißens und der Oberflächenveredelung.
Hochleistungfaserlaser im Schiffbau
Authors: Jasnau Ulf , Gaede Rainer 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDie Vorteile von Festkörperlasern für den Schiffbau und für ähnliche Branchen, die durch die Herstellung von Großstrukturen geprägt sind, werden schon seit längerem untersucht. Wesentliche Grundlagen für den Einsatz solcher Strahlquellen auf Werften wurden in Rostock erarbeitet. Von dort ging auch der Impuls für den weltweit ersten Einsatz von Festkörperlasern in der Fertigung einer Werft aus: Seit November 2006 wird ein Hochleistungsfaserlaser mit einer Leistung von 6 kW auf der Aker Werft in Turku, Finnland, zum Verschweißen von Blechen zu Paneelen mit dem Laser‐MSG‐Hybridschweißen eingesetzt.
Differences in RBV strategic factors and the need to consider opposing factors in turnaround outcomes
Authors: Arend Richard J. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe resource‐based view‐related empirical literature has focused on one‐industry–one‐focal‐resource studies to provide support for its core tenets. We complement that literature with a first empirical analysis of multiple strategic factors, including opposing factors, and covering multiple industries, based on a recent survey of turnaround professionals. We focus on two issues. First, we explore what factor characteristics correlate to differences in the level of impact on firm performance that different types of factors have. Second, we explore the balance between opposing strategic factors (i.e., beneficial versus detrimental factors) relating to which turnaround outcome occurs. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterization of two series of nitrogen‐containing dendrimers by natural abundance 15N NMR
Authors: Deloncle Rodolphe , Coppel Yannick , Rebout Cyrille , Majoral Jean‐Pierre , Caminade Anne‐Marie 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo series of small generation dendrimers built with phosphorus atoms at each branching point and various types of nitrogen atoms at natural abundance of 15N within the branches are characterized by a gradient enhanced GHNMQC (gradient hydrogen–nitrogen multiple quantum coherence) 1H15N NMR technique. The first series contains two types of nitrogen atoms, included in phosphorhydrazone linkages (CHNNMeP(S)), whereas the second series contains four types of nitrogen atoms included in azobenzene linkages (ArNNAr′) in addition to the phosphorhydrazone. The influence of the trans/cis isomerization of the azo bond on the 15N NMR has also been studied. Despite the low solubility of the azobenzene‐containing dendrimers, which renders the detection of some signals difficult, 15N NMR appears as a very sensitive tool to detect chemical changes in the dendritic structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved waveform fidelity using local HYPR reconstruction (HYPR LR)
Authors: Johnson Kevin M. , Velikina Julia , Wu Yijing , Kecskemeti Steve , Wieben Oliver , Mistretta Charles A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe recently introduced HYPR (HighlY constrained backPRojection) method allows reconstruction of serial images from highly undersampled data. In HYPR, individual timeframes are obtained via unfiltered backprojections of normalized sinograms using anatomical constraints provided by a composite image. Here we develop the idea of constraining the backprojected data further to a series of local regions of interest in order to decrease the corruption of local information by distant signals. HYPR LR (local reconstruction) permits the use of a longer temporal window in the formation of the composite image, resulting in increased signal‐to‐noise ratio and quantitative reconstruction accuracy. Unlike HYPR, the new HYPR LR method can be applied to images acquired with arbitrary k‐space trajectories. It is suitable for a broad range of medical imaging applications involving serial changes in image sequence, offering exciting new opportunities in the future. Magn Reson Med 59:456–462, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
31P NMR spectroscopy of phospholipid metabolites in postmortem schizophrenic brain
Authors: Komoroski Richard A. , Pearce John M. , Mrak Robert E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractEvidence has been accumulating that schizophrenia involves abnormalities in the composition and metabolism of cell membrane phospholipids (PLs) in the brain. In vivo 31P MRS has been used to measure the metabolic precursors and degradation products of PL metabolism in schizophrenia. Because in vivo line widths are substantially broader than in solution, only the broad phosphomonoester (PME) and phosphodiester bands, or partly resolved resonances of individual metabolites, are typically measured in vivo in the 31P spectrum. In addition to poor resolution, the relatively low signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) makes precise quantitation difficult. An alternative with substantially better resolution and precision for quantitation is high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy of extracts of samples from postmortem brain. Here we determine absolute concentrations of the individual PL metabolites phosphocholine (pc), phosphoethanolamine (pe), glycerophosphocholine (gpc), and glycerophosphoethanolamine in aqueous extracts of tissue from frontal, temporal, and occipital cortex of postmortem brain for schizophrenics, controls, and patients with other mental illnesses (psychiatric controls [PC]) using high‐resolution 31P NMR spectroscopy. For the complete groups, which included both males and females, there were no statistically significant differences for schizophrenics vs. controls for any of the four PL metabolites in any of the three brain regions. Trends (0.05 < P < 0.10) were noted for increased gpc in schizophrenia in all three regions. PC differed from both controls and schizophrenics in several measures. When only males were considered, gpc was significantly (P < 0.05) elevated in all three brain regions in schizophrenia. Magn Reson Med 59:469–474, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cartesian SENSE and k‐t SENSE reconstruction using commodity graphics hardware
Authors: Hansen Michael S. , Atkinson David , Sorensen Thomas S. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis study demonstrates that modern commodity graphics cards (GPUs) can be used to perform fast Cartesian SENSE and k‐t SENSE reconstruction. Specifically, the SENSE inversion is accelerated by up to two orders of magnitude and is no longer the time‐limiting step. The achieved reconstruction times are now well below the acquisition times, thus enabling real‐time, interactive SENSE imaging, even with a large number of receive coils. The fast GPU reconstruction is also beneficial for datasets that are not acquired in real time. We demonstrate that it can be used for interactive adjustment of regularization parameters for k‐t SENSE in the same way that one would adjust window and level settings. This enables a new way of performing imaging reconstruction, where the user chooses the setting of tunable reconstruction parameters, in real time, depending on the context in which the images are interpreted. Magn Reson Med 59:463–468, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multispectral imaging with three‐dimensional rosette trajectories
Authors: Bucholz Elizabeth K. , Song Jiayu , Johnson G. Allan , Hancu Ileana 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo‐dimensional intersecting k‐space trajectories have previously been demonstrated to allow fast multispectral imaging. Repeated sampling of k‐space points leads to destructive interference of the signal coming from the off‐resonance spectral peaks; on‐resonance data reconstruction yields images of the on‐resonance peak, with some of the off‐resonance energy being spread as noise in the image. A shift of the k‐space data by a given off‐resonance frequency brings a second frequency of interest on resonance, allowing the reconstruction of a second spectral peak from the same k‐space data. Given the higher signal‐to‐noise per unit time characteristic of a 3D acquisition, we extended the concept of intersecting trajectories to three dimensions. A 3D, rosette‐like pulse sequence was designed and implemented on a clinical 1.5T scanner. An iterative density compensation function was developed to weight the 3D intersecting trajectories before Fourier transformation. Three volunteers were scanned using this sequence and separate fat and water images were reconstructed from the same imaging dataset. Magn Reson Med 59:581–589, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative MR study of hepatic fat quantification using single‐voxel proton spectroscopy, two‐point dixon and three‐point IDEAL
Authors: Kim Hyeonjin , Taksali Sara E. , Dufour Sylvie , Befroy Douglas , Goodman T. Robin , Petersen Kitt Falk , Shulman Gerald I. , Caprio Sonia , Constable R. Todd 
Published: February 2008

AbstractHepatic fat fraction (HFF) was measured in 28 lean/obese humans by single‐voxel proton spectroscopy (MRS), a two‐point Dixon (2PD), and a three‐point iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation (IDEAL) method (3PI). For the lean, obese, and total subject groups, the range of HFF measured by MRS was 0.3–3.5% (1.1 ± 1.4%), 0.3–41.5% (11.7 ± 12.1), and 0.3–41.5% (10.1 ± 11.6%), respectively. For the same groups, the HFF measured by 2PD was −6.3–2.2% (−2.0 ± 3.7%), −2.4–42.9% (12.9 ± 13.8%), and −6.3–42.9% (10.5 ± 13.7%), respectively, and for 3PI they were 7.9–12.8% (10.1 ± 2.0%), 11.1–49.3% (22.0 ± 12.2%), and 7.9–49.3% (20.0 ± 11.8%), respectively. The HFF measured by MRS was highly correlated with those measured by 2PD (r = 0.954, P < 0.001) and 3PI (r = 0.973, P < 0.001). With the MRS data as a reference, the percentages of correct differentiation between normal and fatty liver with the MRI methods ranged from 68–93% for 2PD and 64–89% for 3PI. Our study demonstrates that the apparent HFF measured by the MRI methods can significantly vary depending on the choice of water–fat separation methods and sequences. Such variability may limit the clinical application of the MRI methods, particularly when a diagnosis of early fatty liver needs to be performed. Therefore, protocol‐specific establishment of cutoffs for liver fat content may be necessary. Magn Reson Med 59:521–527, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Poly(phenylene sulfide)/low‐melting‐point metal composites. I. Transient viscoelastic properties and crystallization kinetics
Authors: Wu Defeng , Wu Lanfeng , He Juan , Zhang Ming , Yan Changhao 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPoly(phenylene sulfide)/low‐melting‐point metal composites (PPSMs) with various loading levels were prepared by melt compounding. The nonisothermal crystallization behavior and transient viscoelastic properties were characterized by the DSC, POM, DMA, and parallel‐plate rheometer. The results reveal that the low‐melting‐point metal (LMPM) particles show nice dispersion at relative low content levels (< 30 wt %). The PPSMs composites present dual characteristics of both the filled polymer composite and polymer blend system in their transient viscoelastic behaviors, which results in occurrence of the stress overshoots with long relaxation time and nonzero residual stress especially at high shear levels. During the crystallization process, the presence of those deformable LMPM droplets facilitates the crystallization kinetics of PPS because of their flow‐promoting action. On the other hand, the LMPM has no heterogeneous nucleating effect and, only plays the role of inert filler, which results in the degradation of the crystal structure of PPS. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 677–690, 2008
Against the proposition: for the diagnosis of viral infections, commercial assays provide more reliable results than do in‐house assays
Authors: James Vivienne 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThere are no differences inherent in the design of commercial or in‐house assays and their early development is similar. The same principles apply and it is on the same criteria of accuracy, reproducibility and clinical relevance of results that all assays are judged. However, if there is sufficient uptake of a commercial assay, its strengths and any flaws soon become apparent and it will only be the best commercial assays that remain in the market. For the in‐house assays it is through comparability studies and external quality assessment (EQA) schemes that the best can be demonstrated, albeit this information is only accessible initially to the EQA provider and the laboratories using the assays. The EQA results described here support my supposition that, for the diagnosis of viral infections, commercial assays do not provide more reliable results than do in‐house assays. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reconstruction of pristine morphology, flow, nutrient conditions and submerged vegetation of lowland river spree (Germany) from palaeomeanders
Authors: Hilt Sabine , Schönfelder Ilka , Rudnicka Ania , Carls Randi , Nikolaevich Nikolai , Sukhodolov Alexander , Engelhardt Christof 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe European Water Framework Directive requires the definition of reference conditions for each type of surface waters as a base to establish a classification system in which deviations from this high quality status must be determined. In order to reconstruct pristine conditions in the lower river Spree we investigated palaeomeanders using palaeohydrological and palaeolimnological methods. The settlement history of this region suggests low anthropogenic impact for all periods before ∼700 cal AD. Three palaeomeanders representing the conditions of the late Sub‐boreal/early Sub‐atlantic were investigated. River width and depth at bankfull stage were reconstructed using cross‐sections of the meanders. Based on these data and experiments on the recent river, a parametric model was developed to calculate the bankfull palaeodischarge. Reconstructions show narrower and shallower channels for the undisturbed lower Spree (∼20 m mean width and 0.8 m mean depth at bankfull stage) as compared to recent conditions (35 m and 1.6 m, respectively). Flow velocities and discharge at bankfull stage have been smaller in reconstructed sub‐fossil channels (0.5 m s−1 and 8 m3 s−1 in the pristine lower Spree as compared to 0.9 m s−1 and 52 m3 s−1 in the recent lower Spree) and flow variability was higher. The increase in bankfull discharge was mainly attributed to deforestation and drainage of the catchment as well as channelization, bank protection and river regulation measures. The organic silt at the base of the sediment cores contained well‐preserved fossil diatom assemblages. Diatom‐inferred total phosphorus (DI‐TP) concentrations of 59–73 µg L−1 (median 62 µg L−1) indicate eutrophic to hypertrophic conditions and suggest naturally slightly lower nutrient levels than today. These past nutrient conditions, morphology and large numbers of macrofossil remains indicate optimum growth conditions for submerged macrophytes growth. The combination of palaeohydrological and palaeolimnological parameters proved to be a useful approach for the determination of pristine conditions in a lowland river. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Geomorphic effects of large wood jams on a sub‐antarctic mountain stream
Authors: Mao L. , Andreoli A. , Comiti F. , Lenzi M. A. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractDead wood pieces, especially when organized in jams, play an important geomorphic role in streams because of the effects on flow hydraulics, pool formation and sediments storage. The increase in stream morphological diversity and complexity also exerts an important ecological role. This work reports on geomorphic role of large wood (LW) pieces and jams in a third‐order mountain stream located in the Southern Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), and draining an old‐growth Nothofagus‐forested basin not influenced by the beavers damming activity. Even if the in‐stream number of wood pieces (length >1 m; diameter >0.1 m) is comparable to that observed in other climatic areas, the slow growth of the Nothofagus forest causes a lower wood abundance in terms of volumetric load. Because of the relatively small dimensions of the surveyed LW pieces, almost 70% of them demonstrated to have been fluvial transported and also the wood jams reflect the apparent dynamic nature of wood in the channel. Wood jams exert a significant influence on the channel morphology, representing almost half of the drop caused by steps and being responsible for the creation of 30% of the pools. LW‐forced pool volume is strongly and positively correlated to the height of the LW jam. The geomorphic influence of LW jams is also exerted by a considerable sediment storing capacity. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of dietary supplementation with increasing doses of docosahexaenoic acid on neutrophil lipid composition and leukotriene production in human healthy volunteers
Authors: Stanke-Labesque Françoise , Molière Patrick , Bessard Jeanine , Laville Martine , Véricel Evelyne , Lagarde Michel 
Published: February 2008

n-3 PUFA supplementation helps in the prevention or treatment of inflammatory diseases and CVD. However, many supplementations reported so far are either a combination of n-3 PUFA or used large daily amounts of n-3 PUFA dosages. The present study investigated the influence of increasing dose intake of DHA on the fatty acid composition of phospholipids in neutrophils and on their capability to produce leukotrienes (LT) B4 and B5in vitro. Twelve healthy volunteers were supplemented with increasing daily doses of DHA (200, 400, 800 and 1600 mg, each dose in TAG containing DHA as the only PUFA and for a 2-week period). At the end of each supplementation period, neutrophil fatty acid composition, and LTB4 and LTB5 production were determined by GC and liquid chromatography–tandem MS, respectively. The DHA/arachidonic acid ratio increased in a dose-dependent manner with respect to the increasing doses of DHA supplementation and was significantly different from baseline after supplementation with either 400, 800 or 1600 mg DHA. The LTB5/LTB4 ratio was significantly increased compared to baseline after supplementation with 800 and 1600 mg DHA. LTB5/LTB4 and DHA/arachidonic acid ratios were correlated (r 0·531, P < 0·0001). The present data suggest that both changes in neutrophil lipid composition and LT production occurred with daily supplementation with 800 and 1600 mg DHA. The clinical benefits associated with these doses of DHA in inflammatory diseases remain to be investigated.
Welfare State and Labor Mobility: The Impact of Bismarck's Social Legislation on German Emigration before World War I
Authors: KHOUDOUR-CASTÉRAS DAVID 
Published: February 2008

The rapid decline of German emigration before World War I constitutes a puzzle that traditional explanations have difficulty in solving. The article shows that the social legislation implemented by Bismarck during the 1880s—the most developed at the time—played a key role in this process. Indeed, candidates for migration considered not only the gap between “direct wages” (labor earnings) in the United States and Germany, but also the differential in “indirect wages,” that is, social benefits. In that way, Bismarck's insurance system partly offset low wage rates in Germany and furthered the fall of the emigration rate.O sprecht! warum zogt ihr von dannen?Das Neckartal hat Wein und Korn;Der Schwarzwald steht voll finstrer Tannen,Im Spessart klingt des Ålplers Horn.Wie wird es in den fremden WäldernEuch nach der Heimatberge Grün,Nach Deutschlands gelben Weizenfeldern,Nach seinen Rebenhügeln ziehn!Ferdinand Freiligrath1
Racial/ethnic Differences in Body Fatness Among Children and Adolescents
Authors: Freedman David S. , Wang Jack , Thornton John C. , Mei Zuguo , Pierson Richard N. , Dietz William H. , Horlick Mary 
Published: February 2008

Background: Although the BMI is widely used as a measure of adiposity, it is a measure of excess weight, and its association with body fatness may differ across racial or ethnic groups.Objective: To determine whether differences in body fatness between white, black, Hispanic, and Asian children vary by BMI‐for‐age, and whether the accuracy of overweight (BMI‐for‐age ≥ Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 95th percentile) as an indicator of excess adiposity varies by race/ethnicity.Methods and Procedures: Total body dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) provided estimates of %body fat among 1,104 healthy 5‐ to 18‐year‐olds.Results: At equivalent levels of BMI‐for‐age, black children had less (mean, 3%) body fatness than white children, and Asian girls had slightly higher (1%) levels of %body fat than white girls. These differences, however, varied by BMI‐for‐age, with the excess body fatness of Asians evident only among relatively thin children. The ability of overweight to identify girls with excess body fatness also varied by race/ethnicity. Of the girls with excess body fatness, 89% (24/27) of black girls, but only 50% (8/16) of Asian girls, were overweight (P = 0.03). Furthermore, the proportion of overweight girls who had excess body fatness varied from 62% (8/13) among Asians to 100% (13/13) among whites.Discussion: There are racial or ethnic differences in body fatness among children, but these differences vary by BMI‐for‐age. If race/ethnicity differences in body fatness among adults also vary by BMI, it may be difficult to develop race‐specific BMI cut points to identify equivalent levels of %body fat.
No association between maternal recurrent genital herpes in pregnancy and higher risk for congenital abnormalities
Authors: ÁCS NÁNDOR , BÁNHIDY FERENC , PUHÓ ERZSÉBET , CZEIZEL ANDREW E. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractObjective. To study the possible links between recurrent symptomatic genital herpes during pregnancy and risk for congenital abnormalities (CAs). Method. The occurrence of prospectively and medically‐recorded recurrent genital herpes during pregnancy in the mothers of cases with different congenital abnormalities and in the mothers of matched controls without CAs was compared in the population‐based large data set of the Hungarian Case‐Control Surveillance System of Congenital Abnormalities. Results. Of 22,843 cases with CAs, 59 (0.26%) were born to mothers with recurrent symptomatic genital herpes, while of 38,151 control newborns without CAs, 86 (0.23%) were born to mothers with recurrent genital herpes during the study pregnancy (adjusted OR: 1.1, 95% CI: 0.8–1.6). Pregnant women with clinically recognised recurrent genital herpes in the first trimester of pregnancy are not linked with a higher risk for any CAs. Conclusion. Recurrent genital herpes during pregnancy does not associate with a higher risk of CAs.