bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Biological control of Pacific mites and Willamette mites in San Joaquin Valley vineyards: part III. Role of tydeid mites
Authors: Flaherty Donald L. , Hoy Marjorie A. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryIn the absence of spider mites, tydeids (Pronematus anconaiBaker and Pronematus ubiquitus [Mc Gregor]) may serve as alternate prey to maintain good numbers of the predatory mite, Metaseiulus occidentalis (Nesbitt) (Acarina, Phytoseiidae), late in the season. This late‐season predator and alternate prey relationship is necessary to stabilize Pacific mite populations and perpetuate balance in San Joaquin Valley vineyards.Thriving laboratory colonies of tydeids were reared on a diet of windblown pollens, including cattail pollen (Typha sp., Typhaceae) and bottlebrush pollen (Melaleuca sp., Myrtaceae).M. occidentalis was successfully reared on a diet of tydeids and ovipositing predator females were obtained. In addition, pollen dusted on grapevines significantly increased both tydeid and indirectly M. occidentalis populations late in the season. These studies suggest that artificially disseminating cattail pollen or manipulating good pollen producing flora in and around vineyards may be used to correct situations where Pacific mites have become serious pests.
Colony genetic structure in the mono‐ and polygynous sibling species of the ants Camponotus nawai and Camponotus yamaokai: DNA fingerprint analysis
Authors: Satoh Toshiyuki , Masuko Keiichi , Matsumoto Tadao 
Published: November 2006

AbstractUsing the ant‐derived probe (pMY7), we performed DNA fingerprinting in monogynous and polygynous sibling ant species Camponotus nawai and Camponotus yamaokai. In monogynous C. nawai, band‐sharing probabilities were low between unrelated individuals (mean 0.09), but those and relatedness estimates were consistently high between workers of the same nest (mean 0.85 and 0.74–0.83, respectively), suggesting that the queen mated once and nestmate workers are super‐sisters. It also suggested monoandry: that is, that all nestmate workers shared most of the bands which were considered to have derived from a male. In polygynous C. yamaokai, band‐sharing probabilities were low between queens of different populations (mean 0.13), moderate between queens of different nests in the same population (mean 0.25), but very high between queens of the same nest (within‐nest means were 0.84–0.96). These results suggest that nestmate queens are genetically closely related with each other. Relatedness estimates between colony members sometimes reached 1. This might result from successive intranidal mating (inbreeding or large Wahlund effect) and adoption of new queens into the natal nests.
Modelling canopy photosynthesis using parameters determined from simple non‐destructive measurements
Authors: Anten Niels P. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMost models for canopy photosynthesis require a large number of parameters as input which have to be determined by means of direct measurements. Such measurements are usually expensive, time consuming and destructive. The objective of the present study was, therefore, to develop a simple but accurate canopy photosynthesis model based on a minimum number of parameters that can be determined non‐destructively. The results from previous studies were used to derive an empirical expression which describes the variation in leaf photosynthetic capacity (Pm) as a function of the light distribution in the canopy. The light distribution itself was calculated with a simple model which assumes only three leaf angle classes (0–30°, 30–60° and 60–90°). The leaf area index was determined indirectly from measurements of direct radiation below the canopy. The result was a model for canopy photosynthesis that requires only a few parameters. These parameters are the leaf photosynthetic capacity at the top of the canopy, the relative frequency of leaves in each of the three leaf angle classes, and the fraction of direct radiation below the canopy. Each of these parameters can be determined by means of simple non‐destructive measurements. The model was applied to dense stands of two monocotyledonous species: rice (Oryza sativa L.) and pearl millet (Pennisetum americanum (L.) K. Schum.). The rates of canopy photosynthesis thus calculated were compared to those obtained with a more elaborate reference model. The differences between the values obtained with the two models were small. The present photosynthesis model can, therefore, be considered to be a suitable alternative for the more elaborate model. It was further discussed that, since the model is based on purely non‐destructive measurements, it will be particularly useful in cases where it is required to estimate canopy photosynthesis at regular intervals over a length of time or in stands of vegetation that cover large areas of land.
Dry matter production, population structure and environmental conditions of the spring ephemeral Erythronium japonicum growing in various habitats differing in sunlight exposure in cool temperate Japan
Authors: Sawada Shinichi , Chida Saori , Sawaguchi Yuuki , Nagasawa Nobutaka 
Published: November 2006

AbstractPhenology, dry matter production, population structure and environmental conditions were examined in Erythronium japonicum Decne plants growing on the floor of a deciduous broad‐leaved Quercus mongolica forest (Q. m. stand), an evergreen coniferous Cryptomeria japonica plantation (C. j. stand) and bare ground left for 3 years after the clearing of a forest composed of young Q. mongolica and Pinus densiflora trees (bare stand) in the cool temperate zone of Japan. The average population density of the plants growing at the Q.m. stand was much higher than that observed at the bare stand, whereas the average number of flowering plants at the former stand was less than half of that at the latter. The population density and number of flowering plants growing at the C. j. stand were both less than 30% of those at the Q. m. stand. The number of seedlings at the Q. m. stand was much more than that at the bare and C. j. stands. Their survivorship rate over 1 year at the former stand also seems to be significantly higher than those at the other stands. Their aboveground and belowground parts at the bare stand were exposed to more severe heat and water stress than those at the other two stands. The net production per leaf area of the plants growing at the Q. m. stand was two and six times larger than those at the bare and C. j. stands, respectively. The plants at the bare stand did not use the available solar radiation as efficiently for dry matter production through photosynthesis as those growing at the Q. m. stand, whereas those at the C. j. stand are strongly restricted in their photosynthetic process by the significantly limited light condition on the floor of the evergreen coniferous plantation. The differences in the number of plants reaching sexual maturity, the density and structure of the population and the net production between their three habitats are discussed here from the standpoint of differences in environmental conditions.
The impact of changing irrigation practices in rice fields on frog populations of the Kanto Plain, central Japan
Authors: Fujioka Masahiro , Lane Simon J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRice fields are important substitute wetlands for frogs. Traditionally, rice fields in Japan were supplied with water and drained via shallow earth ditches (old‐style). In the last 30 years, however, more than 80% of rice fields have been converted to a new irrigation system in which water is typically supplied through underground pipes via taps and is drained into deep, concrete‐sided ditches (new‐style). We compared the occurrence of frogs in paired areas of old‐ and new‐style rice fields at six locations in Ibaraki Pref., central Japan, from May to August 1995. The Japanese tree frog (Hyla japonica) did not differ in abundance between the two types of rice fields, but the Japanese brown frog (Rana japonica) and the Tokyo daruma pond frog (Rana porosa porosa) preferred the old‐style rice fields. These findings suggest that the status of Rana species has been adversely affected by the conversion of rice fields to the new irrigation system. Modification of the deep, U‐shaped concrete ditches and the water management regime during the spawning season is needed to safeguard these species.
Myrmecofauna of lucidophyllous forests in different developmental stages in south‐western Japan
Authors: Touyama Yoshifumi , Nakagoshi Nobukazu , Yamamoto Tetsuya 
Published: November 2006

AbstractLucidophyllous forest is the climax vegetation of the lowland and foothill areas of south‐western Japan. We investigated the myrmecofauna of lucidophyllous forests in different developmental stages in relation to the intensity of disturbance. The less‐disturbed lucidophyllous forests contained a greater variety of myrmecofauna. This pattern was explained by the condition of the habitat. Richness in epigeal and/or hypogeal ant species is related to habitat structure, especially vegetation structure expressed as summed vegetation cover, and the proportion of evergreen trees was a better predictor of ant species richness than the depth of the soil organic layer. In disturbed stands, habitat conditions have deteriorated; subsequently, some silvicolous ant species have disappeared.
Intraspecific nest parasitism in the grey starling (Sturnus cineraceus)
Authors: Yamaguchi Yasuhiro , Saitou Takashi 
Published: November 2006

AbstractWe studied intraspecific nest parasitism in the grey starling (Sturnus cineraceus) in 1992 and 1993. We used three criteria to detect nest parasitism: (i) the appearance of more than one egg per day while the host was laying; (ii) the appearance of extra eggs after the host completed its clutch; and (iii) the appearance of eggs which were of a different shape, size and color to other eggs in the clutch. There were 290 nests (157 nests in 1992; 133 nests in 1993) in which the clutch was completed early (clutches initiated before May 10). Twenty‐nine (1992) and 32 (1993) nests contained at least one parasitic egg. Parasitic eggs hatched if they were laid during the laying period and early in the incubation period of their host, and a few of them fledged. Fledging success of parasitic eggs was not different from that of eggs in non‐parasitized nests if parasitic eggs were laid during the host's laying period. However, fledging success of all parasitic eggs was fewer than that of eggs in non‐parasitized nests. By comparison, fledging success of parasitized nests was not a great as that of non‐parasitized nests.
Competitive influence of isaza, Chaenogobius isaza, on ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, in Lake Biwa
Authors: Miura Taizo 
Published: November 2006

Summary
Competitive influence of the isaza population on the ayu population was studied in Lake Biwa.
The results of comparison of ecology of the two species suggest that interaction of ayu and isaza possibly occurs in cold season when there is no other important competitor.
The significance of interspecific competition between them is evaluated as a factor controlling the rate of recruitment of juvenile through analysis of the Pre‐war catch statistics.
Presence of the compensation between the juvenile stage and the adult one relieve the ayu population of influence of interspecific competition which they will suffer in the stage of juvenile.
Competitive processes which will be responsible for increase of mortality and reduction of individual growth are discussed.
Behavior and mortality of the southern stink bug Nezara viridula in Hawaii
Authors: Nishida Toshiyuki 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThis paper is concerned with some aspects of the ecology of the southern green stink bug, Nezara viridula, in Hawaii. Dispersal studies on adults showed an asymetrical dispersal pattern. The rate of plant to plant to movement by the adults was 3.3–6.7 feet per day. Mortality studies showed that egg predation by ants, Pheidole megancephala, was as high as 80–90 per cent. Egg parasitism by Telenomus basalis was highest during February, 1965, and adult parasitism by Trichopoda pennipes was highest during July, 1964, to January of the following year. The population of N. viridula declined during May, 1964, to May, 1965. This decline occurred simultaneously with the decline in the number of eggs produced per female. It has been speculated that this reduction in egg production was caused by parasitism by T. pennipes.
Comparative analysis of breeding rates of rural and urban grey starling colonies in Tokyo area: The second report (Part 2)
Authors: Kuroda Nagahisa 
Published: November 2006

Summary
The rates of clutch size, brood size and brood‐size fledged recorded during the period 1956≈63 (2 years interrupted) in the rural and the urban colony of the grey starling were analysed comparatively.
The clutch size was significantly larger in the urban than in the rural one and the brood size was also larger significantly in the urban population. But, the difference in brood‐size fledged was insignificant.
This reflected that the hatching rate was similar in both colonies (the rates in total differed but possible unusual rate was included in the clutch size of 5 eggs) and this may be determined physiologically but not depending upon food supply since smaller clutches showed higher hatching rate.
However, the fledging rate was higher in the rural and lower and more variable in the urban colony. This is apparently due to food which was nutritive animal food in the rural but largely mixed with fruits in the urban.
The fledging rate was rather irregularly variable with brood size suggesting that this is dependent upon parents' adaptability in feeding. However, the rate of 100% fledging becomes higher from brood sizes of 6 and less chicks.
Thus, in general larger clutch and brood sizes produced larger absolute numbers of chicks and chicks fledged respectively. But, 5 was the most frequent size in the clutch and brood sizes and 4 in the brood‐size fledged.
From the above, the ecological evolution of urban population was discussed.
Fatigue and health-related quality of life in elderly patients with and without heart failure in primary healthcare
Authors: Hägglund Lena , Boman Kurt , Olofsson Mona , Brulin Christine 
Published: November 2006

Background Patients with heart failure (HF) in primary healthcare are in many respects not comparable to those in specialized care and the knowledge about different patient groups with and without HF is limited. Aims To compare fatigue and health-related quality of life (Hr-QoL) when adjusting for age, gender and social provision in patients with confirmed HF ( n=49) to a group of patients with symptoms indicating HF but without HF (NHF, n=59) and to an age-and sex-matched control-group ( n=40). Method A questionnaire including the Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, the SF-36, and the Social Provisions Scale was used. Results The average age in all groups was 78 years. Patients in the HF and NHF groups reported worse physical QoL and more general and physical fatigue than the control group. HF patients had worse general health than the NHF group. Conclusion Elderly patients in primary healthcare with confirmed heart failure and patients with symptoms similar to heart failure perceived they had a significantly worse physical QoL and more general and physical fatigue than an age- and sex-matched control group. The similarities between the patient groups indicate the importance of the symptom experience for Hr-QoL.
Insights into factors affecting Production and Operations Management (POM) journal evaluation
Authors: Theoharakis Vasilis , Voss Chris , Hadjinicola George C. , Soteriou Andreas C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe paper extends the current literature on peer review journal evaluations by providing a number of insights based on the diversity of Production and Operations Management (POM) research. We provide peer review evaluations for POM research outlets, based on a sampling frame that includes a large number of POM researchers worldwide. More specifically, the paper develops and tests various hypotheses as to whether the perceived quality and relevance of a journal is affected by such factors as: (i) nature of research work (empiricists versus modelers), (ii) society membership, (iii) research productivity, (iv) geographical location, and (v) seniority. Our findings suggest that caution must be exercised when utilizing existing POM journal rankings, as some factors, particularly the difference between empiricists and modelers, may influence journal evaluation. These must be considered when addressing issues such as faculty promotions, tenure, and salary.
Fabrication of a nanocrystalline Ni–Co/CoO functionally graded layer with excellent electrochemical corrosion and tribological performance
Authors: Liping Wang  , Junyan Zhang  , Zhixiang Zeng  , Yiming Lin  , Litian Hu  
Published: November 2006

The authors regret that the data in table 1 contained some errors. The correct table 1 is shown below.Table 1.Corrosion potential (Ecorr), corrosion current (icorr) and polarization resistance (Rp) of nancorystalline Ni–Co graded deposits measured in different solutions.SolutionSampleEcorr(mV)icorr(A cm-2)Rp(k Ω cm2)NaOHAs-deposited Ni–Co FGDs−6244.53 E −60.67NC Ni–Co/CoO LGMs−2693.66 E −76.96NaClAs-deposited Ni–Co FGDs−5393.38 E −60.93NC Ni–Co/CoO LGMs−2018.12 E −73.53We apologise for any inconvenience caused.
In silicogrouping of peptide/HLA class I complexes using structural interaction characteristics
Authors: Tong Joo Chuan , Tan Tin Wee , Ranganathan Shoba 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMotivation: Classification of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) proteins into supertypes underpins the development of epitope-based vaccines with wide population coverage. Current methods for HLA supertype definition, based on common structural features of HLA proteins and/or their functional binding specificities, leave structural interaction characteristics among different HLA supertypes with antigenic peptides unexplored.Methods: We describe the use of structural interaction descriptors for the analysis of 68 peptide/HLA class I crystallographic structures. Interaction parameters computed include the number of intermolecular hydrogen bonds between each HLA protein and its corresponding bound peptide, solvent accessibility, gap volume and gap index.Results: The structural interactions patterns of peptide/HLA class I complexes investigated herein vary among individual alleles and may be grouped in a supertype dependent manner. Using the proposed methodology, eight HLA class I supertypes were defined based on existing experimental crystallographic structures which largely overlaps (77% consensus) with the definitions by binding motifs. This mode of classification, which considers conformational information of both peptide and HLA proteins, provides an alternative to the characterization of supertypes using either peptide or HLA protein information alone.Contact: shoba@els.mq.edu
Influence of plastic deformation and prolonged ageing time on microstructure of a Haynes 242 alloy
Authors: DYMEK S. , WRÓBEL M. , DOLLAR M. , BLICHARSKI M. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe material used in this study was a commercial HAYNES® alloy 242™ with a nominal composition of Ni‐25% Mo‐8% Cr (in wt.%). In the standard heat treatment, the 242 alloy is annealed at a temperature between 1065 and 1095 °C and then water quenched. The ageing treatment is carried out at 650 °C for 24 h in order to develop the long‐range‐order strengthening. The alloy in the conventionally aged condition was additionally cold rolled to 50% reduction in thickness and subsequently subjected to prolonged ageing at 650 °C for 4000 h. The enhanced diffusion resulted in the decomposition of the Ni2(Mo,Cr) metastable phase into the stable Ni3Mo‐based phase. The presence of the new stable phase increased the yield and tensile strengths but deteriorated the ductility of the alloy at both room and 650 °C temperatures.
Transmission electron microscopy study of crystallization in Fe‐Si–B–Cr–C amorphous alloy
Authors: KOZIEŁ T. , ZIELIŃSKA‐LIPIEC A. , KEDZIERSKI Z. , CZEPPE T. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryThe crystallization behaviour of Fe72Si9.1B14.8Cr2.2C1.9 alloy was studied. Three forms of the examined alloy were studied: water‐atomized powder, as‐spun ribbon and fully crystallized ribbon. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the examined alloy in the form of powder revealed partial crystallization of Fe2B. The as‐spun ribbon was found to be fully amorphous, and no evidence of any crystalline phases was detected. Formation of metastable phases in the fully devitrificated ribbon was observed. The examined alloy, heated to above its crystallization temperature, consisted of α‐Fe3(Si), Fe23(C,B)6, Fe3B and Fe2B crystalline phases.
Influence of Ca content and oxygen partial pressure on microstructural evolution of (Co,Ca)O at elevated temperatures
Authors: KUSINSKI J. , CIENIEK L. , PETOT‐ERVAS G. , PETOT C. , BALDINOZZI G. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryCa‐doped (1, 1.7, 5 and 10 mol% CaO) cobalt oxide single‐crystal samples, with an [001] orientation, were annealed at elevated temperatures of 1000–1200 °C for different times and at different oxygen partial pressures. The microstructure was examined by means of transmission light and electron microscopy. High‐temperature X‐ray diffractometry was used, with the aim of determining the temperature of the CoO ⇔ Co3O4 transition in these materials. Extensive precipitation of Ca‐free Co3O4 spinel crystals was observed with increasing Ca content and oxygen activity. It is suggested that the electrical conductivity changes in this material may be related to this precipitation, because it changes the electronic state of cobalt cations.
Cathodoluminescence studies of nanostructured semiconductors
Authors: GUSTAFSSON A. 
Published: November 2006

SummarySpatially and spectrally resolved cathodoluminescence in the scanning electron microscope is a very powerful technique for studying the optical properties of semiconductor structures, especially low‐dimensional structures (structures with nanometre‐sized features). The technique is generally nondestructive and can be combined with the normal imaging capabilities and analysis possibilities of the scanning electron microscope. This article gives an introduction to the technique and a number of examples of the possibilities of the technique.
New system for secondary electron detection in variable‐pressure scanning electron microscopy
Authors: SLÓWKO W. 
Published: November 2006

SummaryA novel secondary electron detection system combining a two‐stage detector head and a differential pumping system is presented. The detector head consisted of a scintillation Everhart‐Thornley detector and a microsphere plate, separating it from the lower vacuum in the intermediate chamber (below 0.1 mbar). The system was arranged asymmetrically, which should contribute to a lower gas leakage through the plate and a longer life span of the plate. The system offered all the advantages of the scintillator detector in a wide range of gas pressures, from high vacuum to those of the order of 10 mbar, typical of high‐pressure scanning electron microscopy.