bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mental health teaching to UK psychology undergraduates: report of a survey
Authors: Cromby John , Harper David , Reavey Paula 
Published: December 2007

AbstractOne of the limitations on developing more progressive applied psychology training is the teaching received by students at undergraduate level. In this study, we focus on the provision of teaching about mental health or its equivalents (e.g. abnormal psychology and clinical psychology) on UK undergraduate psychology programmes. Most students who go on to train as clinical psychologists will have received teaching on modules like these. A survey questionnaire was sent to 109 university departments which might offer a module in mental health mental health module and 348 individuals who might be involved in such modules. The majority of programmes responding offered a mental health module, which was available each year as an optional subject. A number of findings on the content and delivery of the modules are reported and a number of recommendations are made including more involvement from practitioners and service users. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Integrierte flexible Datenverarbeitung in einem webbasierten LIMS – Idee und Praxis eines Excel‐Prozessors in Serverapplikationen
Authors: Göde B. , Holzmüller‐Laue S. , Rimane K. , Thurow K. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDurch zunehmende Laborautomatisierung fallen immer größere Datenmengen an, deren zentrales Management für Qualitätssicherung und Informationsverfügbarkeit von entscheidender Bedeutung ist, wodurch ein leistungsfähiges und zugleich bedarfsgerechtes Laborinformationsmanagementsystem (LIMS) eine zwingende Voraussetzung für die Effizienz eines modernen Labors darstellt. Für ein branchenübergreifendes, insbesondere F&E‐orientiertes LIMS ist ein freier Umgang mit integrierten Berechnungsvorschriften wünschenswert, da so u. a. notwendige applikationsspezifische Informationsverdichtungen oder erweiterungsfähige Parameterberechnungen möglich sind. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurde eine Datenverarbeitungsmöglichkeit entwickelt, die in LIMS serverseitig integrierbar ist und für den Nutzer den Charakter eines offenen Werkzeugs annimmt. Diese Offenheit bezieht sich auf den operativen Einsatz mathematischer und logischer Algorithmen zwischen Workflowparametern bzw. Prozessgrößen im LIMS sowie auf die Möglichkeit zur einfachen dateibasierten Informationsübernahme von Gerätesystemen auf Prozessgrößen des LIMS. Konzept und Einsatz des so genannten Excel‐Prozessors sind Bestandteil strategischer F&E‐Arbeiten eines möglichst offenen und flexiblen LIMS für die Life Science Automation, die unter dem Begriff openLIMS gebündelt werden. Die vorgestellte Lösung eines Excel‐Prozessors wurde in das webbasierte openLIMS integriert und an zahlreichen analytischen Messsystemen erprobt.
Bestimmung der Widerstandskraft und des Transportverhaltens kugelförmiger Partikel in Strömungen mit Hilfe moderner CFD‐Werkzeuge
Authors: Schütz S. , Schilling M. , Piesche M. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDas klassische Euler‐Lagrange‐Modell zur Berechnung der Bewegung einzelner Partikel in Mehrphasenströmungen beruht auf der Annahme der Partikel als Massenpunkte. Bewegen sich jedoch die Partikel in engen Strömungsquerschnitten, kann der Einfluss der realen Partikelausdehnung nicht mehr vernachlässigt werden, da in diesem Fall das Größenverhältnis von Partikel‐ und Strömungsgeometrie das Transport‐ und Widerstandsverhalten signifikant beeinflusst. Es wird ein Rechenmodell entwickelt und vorgestellt, in dem Partikel bei der Simulation von Mehrphasenströmungen volumetrisch aufgelöst betrachtet werden. Die Partikelbewegung wird über Kräfte‐ und Momentenbilanzen direkt aus den an der Partikeloberfläche angreifenden Strömungskräften berechnet und mit Hilfe eines Dynamic‐Mesh‐Verfahrens abgebildet.
FDA PAT Initiative – Eine Anwendersicht zu technischen Möglichkeiten und aktueller industrieller Umsetzung
Authors: Dünnebier G. , Tups H. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractDie in der Pharmazeutischen Industrie etablierten Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) sind empirische Standards, die bewährte Vorgehensweisen in der Produktion beschreiben. Die FDA erkannte die Notwendigkeit, die Effizienz in der Pharmaproduktion durch Einsatz von in anderen Industrien bewährten Technologien zu erhöhen und zugleich weiterhin die Qualität der produzierten Pharmazeutika sicherzustellen. Wie man diesen Paradigmenwechsel in der Praxis angeht und welche Erfahrungen in der pharmazeutischen Produktion damit bis heute vorliegen, wird in diesem Beitrag detailliert geschildert. Dabei werden sowohl die einsetzbaren Technologien als auch erste ausgewählte Anwendungen vorgestellt. Die Beispiele zeigen, dass die Industrie die Herausforderungen aus der FDA Initiative angenommen hat.
Relative tumor burden predicts metastasis‐free survival in pediatric osteosarcoma
Authors: Lee Jun Ah , Kim Min Suk , Kim Dong Ho , Lim Jung Sub , Yoo Ji Young , Koh Jae Soo , Lee Soo‐Yong , Jeon Dae‐Geun , Park Kyung Duk 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBackgroundTo analyze the significance of relative tumor burden in pediatric osteosarcoma.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed 241 patients with localized pediatric osteosarcoma and measured tumor size on MR images at presentation. Absolute tumor size parameters measured on MR images were converted to relative values by dividing body surface area. Both absolute and relative size parameters were analyzed for their correlation with metastasis‐free survival (MFS).ResultsThe 5‐year MFS was 67.5 ± 3.1%, with median follow‐up of 72 months (range, 8–205 months). In addition to poor histologic response (RR 3.24; 95% CI: 1.99–5.28; P < 0.001), large relative tumor plane (RTP; RR 3.28; 95% CI: 1.72–6.25; P < 0.001), large relative tumor area (RTA; RR 4.14; 95% CI: 1.53–11.22; P = 0.005), and large absolute tumor width (ATW; RR; 3.10; 95% CI: 1.23–7.79; P = 0.02) shortened the MFS. When survival was analyzed by combining RTP and histologic response, patients with small RTP and a good response showed the best survival (5‐year MFS of 90.2 ± 3.6%), while those with large RTP and a poor response showed the worst survival (5‐year MFS of 45.1 ± 6.6%).ConclusionRelative two‐dimensional tumor size parameters (RTP and RTA) rather than absolute values are useful prognostic factors in pediatric osteosarcoma patients. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Demarcation of the cortical division zone in dividing plant cells
Authors: Van Damme Daniel , Geelen Danny 
Published: December 2007

AbstractSomatic cytokinesis in higher plants involves, besides the actual construction of a new cell wall, also the determination of a division zone. Several proteins have been shown to play a part in the mechanism that somatic plant cells use to control the positioning of the new cell wall. Plant cells determine the division zone at an early stage of cell division and use a transient microtubular structure, the preprophase band (PPB), during this process. The PPB is formed at the division zone, leaving behind a mark that during cytokinesis is utilized by the phragmoplast to guide the expanding cell plate toward the correct cortical insertion site. This review discusses old and new observations with regard to mechanisms implicated in the orientation of cell division and determination of a cortical division zone.
Iodine deficiency in pregnant women and neonates in Thailand
Authors: Rajatanavin Rajata 
Published: December 2007

AbstractObjective: To present data on the relationship between the concentration of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in whole blood or serum from neonates and the concentration of iodine in their mother's urine collected at birth to contribute to the contention that the recommended iodine intake during pregnancy should be increased.Design and Setting: Data were provided by current programmes of neonatal screening of congenital hypothyroidism in Bangkok and rural areas of Thailand.Subjects: A total of 5144 cord serum samples were collected in 2003 and measured for TSH concentrations. Paired samples of blood and urine were collected in 2000 from 203 infants and their mothers and from 1182 infant-mother pairs in 2002-03 in six rural provinces. Iodine was measured in the urine and TSH was measured in cord serum.Results: The urinary iodine concentration of mothers in rural Thailand is adequate, with a median of 103 μg l-1. However, in 2000, the median urinary iodine concentration of mothers in Bangkok was only 85 μg l-1. The concentration of TSH in whole blood collected on filter paper from neonates was not sensitive enough to be used as a monitoring tool for iodine nutrition in the neonates, as there was no relationship with the concentration of iodine in the urine of the children's mothers. This was in contrast to the concentration of TSH in serum collected from cord blood.Conclusions: Several conclusions were drawn from this data: 1) Neonatal TSH screening using whole blood collected from a heel prick at 3 days of age is not sensitive enough to assess the iodine nutrition of neonates; 2) Neonatal TSH screening using cord sera can be used to assess iodine nutrition in neonates; 3) The optimum median maternal urinary iodine concentration in Thailand appears to be 103 μg l-1; 4) The criteria proposed by WHO, UNICEF, and ICCIDD to assess iodine nutrition using data on neonatal TSH concentrations should be reassessed; and 5) Neonatal TSH screening can be effectively performed by collecting cord serum in district hospitals in Thailand.
Iron-regulatory proteins: molecular biology and pathophysiological implications
Authors: Cairo Gaetano , Recalcati Stefania 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIron is required for key cellular functions, and there is a strong link between iron metabolism and important metabolic processes, such as cell growth, apoptosis and inflammation. Diseases that are directly or indirectly related to iron metabolism represent major health problems. Iron-regulatory proteins (IRPs) 1 and 2 are key controllers of vertebrate iron metabolism and post-transcriptionally regulate expression of the major iron homeostasis genes. Here we discuss how dysregulation of the IRP system can result from both iron-related and unrelated effectors and explain how this can have important pathological consequences in several human disorders.
Learning curves in surgical practice
Authors: Hopper A N , Jamison M H , Lewis W G 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Learning curves are often referred to in the context of medical education and training, though their trajectories and natures are a matter of debate. The origins of this concept derive from industry and its relevance to contemporary medicine and surgery remains controversial. We describe the history, derivation, character and possible mechanisms to deal with the implications of learning curves in the current climate of clinical governance and modernising medical careers.
Surveillance of patients post-endovascular aneurysm repair
Authors: Sharma P , Kyriakides C 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) is increasingly being employed as an alternative to open surgical repair for patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms. The surveillance of patients post-EVAR has traditionally been carried out with regular computed tomographic scans which have in part been responsible for the high costs associated with this procedure. Duplex has been proposed as an alternative, but researchers have so far been unable to devise a standardised protocol for this surveillance. This review aims to provide a clear understanding of currently employed imaging modalities and discuss future surveillance possibilities for this patient group.
Biliary tract infection and bacteraemia: presentation, structural abnormalities, causative organisms and clinical outcomes
Authors: Melzer M , Toner R , Lacey S , Bettany E , Rait G 
Published: December 2007

Abstract

Background
Biliary tract infection is a common cause of bacteraemia and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Few papers describe blood culture isolates, underlying structural abnormalities and clinical outcomes in patients with bacteraemia.

Aims
To determine the proportion of bacteraemias caused by biliary tract infection and to describe patient demographics, underlying structural abnormalities and clinical outcomes in patients with bacteraemia.

Design
Prospective cohort study.

Methods
Biliary tract infection that caused bacteraemia was defined as a compatible clinical syndrome and a blood culture isolate consistent with ascending cholangitis. Patients aged 16 years and over were included in the study. From June 2003 to May 2005, demographic and clinical data were collected prospectively on all adult patients with bacteraemia. Radiological and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography findings were collected retrospectively.

Results
In 49 patients, the biliary tract was the site of infection for 39/592 (6.6%) community-acquired and 19/466 (4.1%) hospital-acquired episodes of bacteraemia. Three patients had mixed bacteraemias, and four had recurrent bacteraemia. The proportion of patients presenting with a structural abnormality was 34/49 (69%), and, of these structural abnormalities, 18/34 (53%) were pre-existing or newly diagnosed malignancies. Gram-negative organisms caused 55/58 (95%) episodes of bacteraemia. The most common Gram-negative organisms were Escherichia coli (34/55; 62%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (14/55; 26%). Of the E coli isolates, 6/34 (18%) were extended spectrum β-lactamase producers or multiply drug resistant. Thirty-day mortality was 7/49 (14%). There was no difference in time taken to administer an effective antibiotic to survivors and non-survivors (0.86 vs 1.05 days, respectively, p = 0.92). Of the seven who died, four died from septic shock within 48 h of admission caused by “susceptible” Gram-negative organisms. Two others died from disseminated malignancy.

Conclusions
The proportion of bacteraemias caused by biliary tract infection was 5.5%. The most common infecting organisms were E coli and K pneumoniae. There was a strong association with choledocholithiasis and malignancies, both pre-existing and newly diagnosed. Death was uncommon but when it occurred was often caused by septic shock within 48 h of presentation.
A randomised controlled trial of cemented versus cementless press-fit condylar total knee replacement
Authors: Baker P. N. , Khaw F. M. , Kirk L. M. G. , Esler C. N. A. , Gregg P. J. 
Published: December 2007

We report the long-term survival of a prospective randomised consecutive series of 501 primary knee replacements using the press-fit condylar posterior cruciate ligament-retaining prosthesis. Patients received either cemented (219 patients, 277 implants) or cementless (177 patients, 224 implants) fixation. Altogether, 44 of 501 knees (8.8%) underwent revision surgery (24 cemented vs 20 cementless). For cemented knees the 15-year survival rate was 80.7% (95% confidence interval (CI) 71.5 to 87.4) and for cementless knees it was 75.3% (95% CI 63.5 to 84.3). There was no significant difference between the two groups (cemented vs cementless; hazard ratio (HR) 0.83, 95% CI 0.45 to 1.52, p = 0.55). When comparing the covariates there was no significant difference in the rates of survival between the side of operation (HR 0.58, p = 0.07), age (HR 0.97, p = 0.10) and diagnosis (HR 1.25 p = 0.72). However, there was a significant gender difference, with males having a higher failure rate with cemented fixation (HR 2.48, p = 0.004). Females had a similar failure rate in both groups. This single-surgeon series, with no loss to follow-up, provides reliable data of the revision rates of one of the most commonly-used total knee replacements. The survival of the press-fit condylar total knee replacement remained good at 15 years, irrespective of the method of fixation.
Citizen Surveys for Local Governments: A Copout, Manipulative Tool, or a Policy Guidance and Analysis Aid?
Authors: Hatry Harry P. , Blair Louis H. 
Published: December 2007

More and more local governments in the United States appear to be sponsoring surveys of randomly selected samples of the community population. For the most part the surveys have been on a one-time basis for some special purpose (such as for transportation studies or for housing condition inventorying). Only rarely have such surveys been undertaken at periodic intervals with similar questions so that the effects of changes in policies and programs can be assessed and that time trends be identified. The research community, the federal government, national polling firms and some universities have ongoing, periodically repeated surveys such as the current population survey and health interview survey, which do obtain time series information on a variety of topics. Properly administered surveys conducted annually are a potentially very useful management tool for local governments.
Why should a city or county government undertake surveys, particularly on a regular basis? The citizen survey has a very appealing characteristic. It is a means for obtaining citizen inputs into government programs and policies that is probably considerably more representative of the whole population than inputs from other sources (except, perhaps, elections) and without the volatility of information sometimes present in other approachcs.
Measures of Citizen Evaluation of Local Government Services
Authors: Scott Douglas 
Published: December 2007

In recent research on local government efforts have been made to suggest and/or construct policy output or decision-making models that bring together several types of data. This paper seeks to specify such models by broadening the data base so that resource allocation is not simply predicated on previous expenditure patterns or simple relationships based on the cost of a unit of service. According to James Coleman, the need for multiple sources of data is among the principles that should govern policy research.

For policy research, the criteria of parsimony and elegance that apply in discipline research are not important; the correctness of the predictions or results is important, and redundancy is valuable.

The methodological factors supporting that propostion dictate the use of multiple sources of data and multiple methods of data analysis.
The object of this paper will be to address Coleman’s policy principle from an intermediate and necessarily narrower perspective: we review thc utility of incorporating survey data into models studying the outputs of local government, stressing questions related to measurement.
Researchers at the Urban Institute have been developing municipal service models conceptualizing productivity measurement in terms of several types of input measurements.
The Democratic Response of Urban Governments: An Empirical Test with Simple Spatial Models
Authors: Hoffman Wayne 
Published: December 2007

Among the normative concerns of social scientists, one of the greatest lacunae is evaluation of government performance in light of populist democratic criteria. While formal theorists have continued elaborating models of a competitive political process, and while the search for an appropriate and serviceable welfare criterion goes on, the empirical application of our existing descriptive and prescriptive insights mostly waits in abeyance. This paper offers one attempt to apply formal criteria to the evaluation task. We first briefly develop several low-level, admittedly non-complex, statements about the expected outcome of public sector activity according to the median preference model. The model’s descriptive statements then serve as evaluative and comparative criteria as we test its adequacy under several assumptions concerning democratic responsivencss. Finally we attempt to explain variations in the degree of responsiveness exhibited by ten American urban governments by reference to three aspects of political structures.
The value of our approach emanates, we believe, not from any new insight into the formal interpretations and predictions provided by positive political theorists. Rather, we consider the approach a nascent attempt to match formally derived expectations to non-experimental data from both public opinion surveys and aggregate characteristics of large American cities.
Characteristic properties of embedding strength for the nailing of the gonfolo rose (Qualea rosea Aubl.)
Authors: Bleron Laurent , Duchanois Gilles , Thiebaut Bernard 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Experimental results are presented with single nail joints of gonfolo rose which were loaded at different grain angles and compared to results obtained by Eurocode V. A wide range of embedding strength tests was conducted. The embedding behaviour across the grain was also investigated with a specific test apparatus. The results were analysed and modelled in terms of strength. Initial loading and unloading stiffness of the timber have been taken into account. The embedment strength of the nails varied according to the angle between the direction of loading and that to the grain. This work is part of a larger research project to establish a computer program for the prediction of stiffness and limit strengths of all timber-to-timber and timber-to-steel joints.
Proton conducting PAMPS networks: From flexible to rigid materials
Authors: Chikh Linda , Girard Sylvaine , Teyssie Dominique , Fichet Odile 
Published: December 2007

AbstractTo elaborate tailor‐made proton conducting materials showing an interesting range of flexibility, a series of conetworks combining poly(2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonic acid) (PAMPS) and poly(ethylene oxide) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) with various chain lengths was synthesized. The homogeneity of these conetworks was checked by differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The swelling behavior of these materials is strongly influenced by the amount of sulfonic acid groups and the endothermal peak temperature, characteristic of the presence of bound water in the conetwork, increases from 65 to 120°C when AMPS amount increases from 10 to 75 wt %. In addition, the proton conductivity of these materials varies from 10−3 to 10−1 S cm−1, depending on the AMPS amount. The storage moduli were found to be affected by both the AMPS content in the conetwork and its crosslinking density. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Preparation and properties of novel dentin adhesives with esterase resistance
Authors: Park Jong‐Gu , Ye Qiang , Topp Elizabeth M. , Kostoryz Elisabet L. , Wang Yong , Kieweg Sarah L. , Spencer Paulette 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA new methacrylate monomer, trimethylolpropane mono allyl ether dimethacrylate (TMPEDMA), was synthesized and evaluated. This branched methacrylate was designed to increase esterase‐resistance when incorporated into conventional HEMA (2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/BisGMA (2,2‐bis[4(2‐hydroxy‐3‐methacryloyloxy‐propyloxy)‐phenyl] propane) dental adhesives. The new adhesives, HEMA/BisGMA/TMPEDMA in a 45/30/25 (w/w) ratio were formulated with H2O at 0 (A0T) and 8 wt % water (A8T) and compared with control adhesives (HEMA/BisGMA, 45/55 (w/w), at 0 (A0) and 8 wt % (A8) water). Camphoroquinone (CQ), 2‐(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate and diphenyliodonium hexafluorophosphate were used as photoinitiators. The new adhesives showed a degree of conversion comparablewith the control and improved modulus and glass transition temperature (Tg). Exposure of photopolymerized discs to porcine liver esterase for up to eight days showed that the net cumulative methacrylic acid (MAA) release in adhesives formulated with the new monomer and 8% water (A8T: 182 μg/mL) was dramatically (P < 0.05) decreased in comparison to the control (A8: 361.6 μg/mL). The results demonstrate that adhesives made with the new monomer and cured in water to simulate wet bonding are more resistant to esterase than conventional HEMA/BisGMA adhesive. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008