bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein A-IV and its derived peptide, T55−121, improve glycemic control and increase energy expenditure
Authors: Cao Zhen , Lei Lei , Zhou Ziyun , Xu Shimeng , Wang Linlin , Gong Weikang , Zhang Qi , Pan Bin , Zhang Gaoxin , Yuan Quan , Cui Liujuan , Zheng Min , Xu Tao , Wang You , Zhang Shuyan , Liu Pingsheng 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is crucial to understand the glucose control within our bodies. Bariatric/metabolic surgeries, including laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), provide an avenue for exploring the potential key factors involved in maintaining glucose homeostasis since these surgeries have shown promising results in improving glycemic control among patients with severe type 2 diabetes (T2D). For the first time, a markedly altered population of serum proteins in patients after LSG was discovered and analyzed through proteomics. Apolipoprotein A-IV (apoA-IV) was revealed to be increased dramatically in diabetic obese patients following LSG, and a similar effect was observed in patients after RYGB surgery. Moreover, recombinant apoA-IV protein treatment was proven to enhance insulin secretion in isolated human islets. These results showed that apoA-IV may play a crucial role in glycemic control in humans, potentially through enhancing insulin secretion in human islets. ApoA-IV was further shown to enhance energy expenditure and improve glucose tolerance in diabetic rodents, through stimulating glucose-dependent insulin secretion in pancreatic β cells, partially via Gαs-coupled GPCR/cAMP (G protein-coupled receptor/cyclic adenosine monophosphate) signaling. Furthermore, T55−121, truncated peptide 55−121 of apoA-IV, was discovered to mediate the function of apoA-IV. These collective findings contribute to our understanding of the relationship between apoA-IV and glycemic control, highlighting its potential as a biomarker or therapeutic target in managing and improving glucose regulation.
“Electronic Phenotyping” Antimicrobials to Facilitate Outpatient Stewardship for Asymptomatic Bacteriuria and Urinary Tract Infection in Renal Transplant
Authors: Zimmet Alex N , Ha David , Mui Emily , Smith Mary , Hawkins Marten , Alegria William , Holubar Marisa 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Asymptomatic bacteriuria and urinary tract infection in renal transplant are important antimicrobial stewardship targets but are difficult to identify within electronic medical records. We validated an “electronic phenotype” of antibacterials prescribed for these indications. This may be more useful than billing data in assessing antibiotic indication in this outpatient setting.
Emerging Tick-borne Infections in the Upper Midwest and Northeast United States Among Patients With Suspected Anaplasmosis
Authors: Reller Megan E , Clemens Emily G , Bakken Johan S , Dumler J Stephen 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Emerging tick-transmitted illnesses are increasingly recognized in the United States (US). To identify multiple potential tick-borne pathogens in patients from the Upper Midwest and Northeast US with suspected anaplasmosis, we used state-of-the-art methods (polymerase chain reaction [PCR] and paired serology) to test samples from patients in whom anaplasmosis had been excluded.

Methods
Five hundred sixty-eight patients without anaplasmosis had optimal samples available for confirmation of alternative tick-borne pathogens, including PCR and/or paired serology (acute-convalescent interval ≤42 days).

Results
Among 266 paired serology evaluations, for which the median acute-convalescent sampling interval was 28 (interquartile range, 21–33) days, we identified 35 acute/recent infections (24 [9%] Borrelia burgdorferi; 6 [2%] Ehrlichia chaffeensis/Ehrlichia muris subsp eauclairensis [EC/EME]; 3 [1%] spotted fever group rickettsioses [SFGR], and 2 [&lt;1%] Babesia microti) in 33 (12%) patients. Two had concurrent or closely sequential infections (1 B burgdorferi and EC/EME, and 1 B burgdorferi and SFGR). Using multiplex PCR and reverse-transcription PCR, we identified 7 acute infections (5/334 [1%] Borrelia miyamotoi and 2/334 [1%] B microti) in 5 (1%) patients, including 2 with B microti–B miyamotoi coinfection, but no Borrelia mayonii, SFGR, Candidatus Anaplasma capra, Heartland virus, or Powassan virus infections. Thus, among 568 patients with ruled-out anaplasmosis, 38 (6.7%) had ≥1 agent of tick-borne illness identified, with 33 patients (35 infections) diagnosed by paired serology and 5 additional patients (7 infections) by PCR.

Conclusions
By identifying other tick-borne agents in patients in whom anaplasmosis had been excluded, we demonstrate that emerging tick-borne infections will be identified if specifically sought.
Equity Return Predictability with the ICAPM
Authors: Hasler Michael , Martineau Charles 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This paper highlights a positive and significant beta-return relationship in high expected market return states, as suggested by the ICAPM. The ICAPM has strong out-of-sample predictive power for equity returns. As a result, timing strategies exploiting this predictive power have Sharpe ratios about double those of the buy-and-hold strategies, alphas of about 5% per annum, and average returns increasing sharply with unconditional betas. Our findings relate to the positive beta-return relation uncovered overnight, on macroeconomic announcement days, and in low inflation times because these periods share an important common feature: high market returns. (JEL D53, G11, G12)
Machine learning–driven immunophenotypic stratification of mixed connective tissue disease, corroborating the clinical heterogeneity
Authors: Izuka Shinji , Komai Toshihiko , Itamiya Takahiro , Ota Mineto , Nagafuchi Yasuo , Shoda Hirofumi , Matsuki Kosuke , Yamamoto Kazuhiko , Okamura Tomohisa , Fujio Keishi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objective
The objective of this study was to stratify patients with MCTD, based on their immunophenotype.

Methods
We analysed the immunophenotype and transcriptome of 24 immune cell subsets [from patients with MCTD, SLE, idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) and SSc] from our functional genome database, ImmuNexUT (https://www.immunexut.org/). MCTD patients were stratified by employing machine-learning models, including Random Forest, trained by immunophenotyping data from SLE, IIM and SSc patients. The transcriptomes were analysed with gene set variation analysis (GSVA), and the clinical features of the MCTD subgroups were compared.

Results
This study included 215 patients, including 22 patients with MCTD. Machine-learning models, constructed to classify SLE, IIM and SSc patients, based on immunophenotyping, were applied to MCTD patients, resulting in 16 patients being classified as having an SLEimmunophenotype and 6 as having a non-SLE immunophenotype. Among the MCTD patients, patients with the SLE immunophenotype had higher proportions of Th1 cells {2.85% [interquartile range (IQR) 1.54–3.91] vs 1.33% (IQR 0.99–1.74) P = 0.027} and plasmablasts [6.35% (IQR 4.17–17.49) vs 2.00% (IQR 1.20–2.80) P = 0.010]. Notably, the number of SLE-related symptoms was higher in patients with the SLE immunophenotype [2.0 (IQR 1.0–2.0) vs 1.0 (IQR 1.0–1.0) P = 0.038]. Moreover, the GSVA scores of interferon-α and -γ responses were significantly higher in patients with the SLE immunophenotype in central memory CD8+ T cells, while hedgehog signalling was higher in patients with the non-SLE immunophenotype, in five-cell subsets.

Conclusion
This study describes the stratification of MCTD patients, based on immunophenotyping, suggesting the presence of distinct immunological processes behind the clinical subtypes of MCTD.
Assessing the sensitivity and specificity of myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies: a sub-study from the MyoCite cohort
Authors: Loganathan Aravinthan , Gupta Latika , Rudge Alex , Lu Hui , Bowler Elizabeth , McMorrow Fionnuala , Naveen R , Anuja Anamika K , Agarwal Vikas , McHugh Neil , Tansley Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Objectives
Myositis-specific and associated autoantibodies are important biomarkers in routine clinical use. We assessed local testing performance for myositis autoantibodies by comparing line immunoassay (LIA) to protein radio-immunoprecipitation and identifying clinical characteristics associated with each myositis autoantibody in the MyoCite cohort.

Methods
Serum samples from patients within the MyoCite cohort, a well-characterized retro-prospective dataset of adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) patients in Lucknow, India (2017–2020), underwent LIA at Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Science (SGPGIMS), Lucknow. Immunoprecipitation of 147 IIM patients’ serum samples (125 adult-onset, 22 juvenile-onset) was conducted at the University of Bath, with researchers blind to LIA results. LIA performance was assessed against immunoprecipitation as the reference standard, measuring sensitivity, specificity and inter-rater agreement. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression determined clinical associations for specific myositis-specific autoantibodies.

Results
Immunoprecipitation identified myositis autoantibodies in 56.5% (n = 83) of patient samples, with anti-Jo1 (n = 16; 10.9%) as the most common, followed by anti-MDA5 (n = 14, 9.5%). While LIA showed good agreement for anti-Jo1, anti-PL7 and anti-PL12 (Cohen's κ 0.79, 0.83 and 1, respectively), poor agreement was observed in other subgroups, notably anti-TIF1γ (Cohen's κ 0.21). Strongly positive samples, especially in myositis-specific autoantibodies, correlated more with immunoprecipitation results. Overall, 59 (40.1%) samples exhibited non-congruence on LIA and immunoprecipitation, and κ values for LIAs for anti-TIF1γ, anti-Ku, anti-PmScl, anti-Mi2 and anti-SAE ranged between 0.21 and 0.60.

Conclusion
While LIA reliably detected anti-Jo1, anti-PL7, anti-PL12, anti-MDA5 and anti-NXP-2, it also displayed false positives and negatives. Its effectiveness in detecting other autoantibodies, such as anti-TIF1γ, was poor.
An ERP investigation of electrocortical responses in pain empathy from childhood through adolescence into adulthood
Authors: Wu Xiangci , Jia Huibin , Zhao Kaibin , Wang Enguo , Li Yongxin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Only a few studies investigated the neurodevelopment of pain empathy. Here, the temporal dynamics of electrocortical processes in pain empathy during individual neurodevelopment from childhood through adolescence into adulthood, along with the moderation effect of top-down attention, were investigated using the event-related potential (ERP) technique. To investigate the role of top-down attention in empathy development, both A-P task and A-N task were conducted. In the A-P and A-N task, participants are instructed to judge whether the models in pictures were painful or non-painful and count the number of limbs in pictures, respectively. We found that compared to the adolescent and adult groups, the children group responded significantly worse, along with stronger neural responses in both tasks. Compared to the adolescent and adult groups, the differential amplitudes between painful and non-painful conditions of P2, N2 and P3 were significantly larger in the children group. Moreover, this P3 differential amplitude could only be modulated by age in the A-P task. These results suggest that the capacity to empathize has not yet attained complete development in these children. Significantly more attention resources were involuntarily attracted by the nociceptive cues in these children, which could also reflect the immaturity of empathy ability in these children.
Examining present beneficiaries’ requests for trust information and ascertaining what is “reasonable” through consideration of the common law and industry practice
Authors: Kelleher William M , Quinn Abigail 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
It is often a challenge for trustees to determine to what information a requesting present beneficiary is entitled. While the weight of the sources indicates that the trust instrument and statements of trust assets should be provided, what those statements must include and what types of other information must be provided remains a grey area. Still, trustees can find some guidance in case law and commonsense practices.
Global Health Competencies of Undergraduate Nursing Students in Jordan
Authors: Abunab Hamzeh Yousef , Mrayyan Majd T. , Alfayoumi Imad , Algunmeeyn Abdullah , Alzaatreh Mohammad Y. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to assess and compare the global health competencies (GHCs) of nursing students in Jordan. GHCs are crucial to ensure the delivery of culturally sensitive care to diverse populations. A cross-sectional survey using the GHC questionnaire was administered to 256 nursing students. Students ranked their ability in health implications of migration, travel, and displacement as the highest domain and health care as a human right and development resources as the lowest. Assessing nursing students’ GHCs is important as they pursue their responsibilities toward global health in the future.
Pemafibrate and other triglyceride-lowering therapies to reduce risk of cardiovascular and metabolic disease
Authors: Miller Michael 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
Although high triglycerides are consistently associated with elevated risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), therapies that reduce triglyceride levels have inconsistently translated into reduced CVD risk.

Recent findings
To date, three clinical trials have tested triglyceride-lowering therapies in patients with hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and elevated risk of incident/recurrent CVD. In REDUCE-IT (Reduction of Cardiovascular Events with Icosapent Ethyl-Intervention Trial), assignment to IPE, a highly purified eicosapentanoic acid (EPA), resulted in a 25% reduction in nonfatal myocardial infarction), nonfatal stroke, cardiovascular death, coronary revascularization and hospitalization for unstable angina. By contrast, the combination of EPA and docosahexanoic acid (DHA) carboxylic fatty acids used in the STRENGTH trial (Statin Residual Risk With Epanova in High Cardiovascular Risk Patients With Hypertriglyceridemia) failed to reduce CVD risk. Most recently, PROMINENT (Pemafibrate to Reduce Cardiovascular Outcomes by Reducing Triglycerides in Patients with Diabetes) also failed to demonstrate reduction in CVD events despite use of a potent triglyceride-lowering, fibric-acid derivative. However, improvement in HTG-associated metabolic complications (e.g. nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) was observed with pemafibrate as well as with another potent triglyceride-lowering therapy (i.e. pegozafermin). Moreover, trials are underway evaluating whether the most fatal metabolic complication of HTG, pancreatitis, may be reduced with highly potent triglyceride-lowering therapies (e.g. apolipoprotein C3 inhibitors).

Summary
Taken together, HTG is associated with increased risk of CVD and attendant adverse metabolic sequalae. To this end, a potentially promising and evidence-based landscape is emerging for treating a clinical phenotype that in the past has been insufficiently addressed.
The Effects of Repetitive Head Impact Exposure on Mental Health Symptoms Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: de Souza Nicola L. , Bogner Jennifer , Corrigan John D. , Rabinowitz Amanda R. , Walker William C. , Kumar Raj G. , Dams-O’Connor Kristen 
Published: March 2024

Objective:
This study aimed to characterize the types and timing of repetitive head impact (RHI) exposures in individuals with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine the effects of RHI exposures on mental health outcomes.

Setting:
TBI Model Systems National Database.

Participants:
447 patients with moderate to severe TBI who reported RHI exposure between 2015 and 2022.

Design:
Secondary data analysis.

Main Measures:
RHI exposures reported on the Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU TBI-ID) were characterized by exposure category, duration, and timing relative to the index TBI. Mental health outcomes were evaluated at the 5-year follow-up assessment using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for depression symptoms and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms.

Results:
The majority of RHI exposures were sports-related (61.1%), followed by other causes (20.8%; including falls), repetitive violence/assault (18.8%), and military exposures (6.7%). Males predominantly reported sports and military exposures, while a larger proportion of females reported violence and falls. Sports exposures were most common before the index TBI, while exposures from falls and violence/abuse were most common after TBI. RHI exposures occurring after the index TBI were associated with higher levels of depression (β = 5.05; 95% CI, 1.59-8.50) and anxiety (β = 4.53; 95% CI, 1.02-8.05) symptoms than exposures before the index TBI.

Conclusion:
The findings emphasize the need to consider RHI exposures and their interaction with TBI when assessing mental health outcomes. Understanding the prevalence and challenges associated with RHI post-TBI can inform targeted interventions and improve the well-being of individuals with TBI. Preventive measures and ongoing care should be implemented to address the risks posed by RHI, particularly in individuals with prior TBI, especially surrounding fall and violence/abuse prevention.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY WITH CHLORIN E6 IN CHRONIC CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY
Authors: Maltsev Dmitrii S. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Vasiliev Alexander S. , Chhablani Jay 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with chlorin E6 in chronic central serous chorioretinopathy.

Methods:
In this single-center retrospective cohort study, all patients received standard PDT with 6 mg of chlorin E6 (Fotoran E6) for each m2 of body surface area with 50 J/cm2 fluence and a treatment time of 83 seconds. The changes in central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and best-corrected visual acuity were evaluated at the end of the follow-up. The main outcome measure was the presence of subretinal fluid at 3 months after PDT.

Results:
Thirty-nine eyes (32 men and 7 women, 43.7 ± 10.0 years) were included. In total, 50 PDT sessions were performed. At 3 months of follow-up, 31 of 39 (79.5%) study eyes showed complete resolution of subretinal fluid. The mean follow-up period after PDT was 15.3 ± 7.8 months. At the end of the follow-up, a complete resolution of subretinal fluid was observed in 32 of 39 (82.7%) eyes. The mean change in central retinal thickness, subfoveal choroidal thickness, and best-corrected visual acuity at the end of the follow-up was −139.7 ± 136.4 µm, −66.8 ± 36.2 µm, and −0.05 ± 0.08 logMAR, respectively (P < 0.001). Neither systemic nor ocular adverse events were observed, nor were local reactions seen.

Conclusion:
Standard PDT with chlorin E6 is an effective and safe option in the management of chronic central serous chorioretinopathy and may be considered as an alternative to the standard PDT with Visudyne.
Repeatability of pyramidal aberrometer measurements in keratoconus and normal eyes
Authors: Ibrahim Perla , Assaf Jad F. , Bejjani Romy , Torbey Julien , Yehia Madeleine , Bahir Al-Ulloom Saleh , Awwad Shady T. 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
To evaluate the intrasubject repeatability of pyramidal aberrometer measurements in a sample of keratoconus and normal eyes.

Setting:
American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.

Design:
Prospective comparative repeatability analysis.

Methods:
Study population: Keratoconus and normal eyes from adult patients. Observation procedures: Each eye was evaluated with 3 consecutive acquisitions using a pyramidal aberrometer. Main outcome measures: The repeatability of different ocular higher-order aberrations and lower-order aberrations (HOAs and LOAs, respectively), and Zernike coefficients down to the fifth order, was evaluated. Repeatability was assessed by within-subject SDs (Sw), repeatability limits (r), and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), among other parameters.

Results:
72 keratoconus patients (72 eyes) and 76 normal patients (76 eyes) were included. In normal and keratoconus eyes, the ICC of total LOAs and HOAs, as well as each of the Zernike coefficients, was >0.9. The Sw for keratoconus eyes with mean maximal keratometry (Kmax) <50 diopters (D) was 0.1345 for total LOAs, 0.0619 for total HOAs, 0.0292 for horizontal coma, 0.0561 for vertical coma, and 0.0221 for spherical aberration as compared with 0.2696, 0.1486, 0.0972, 0.1497, and 0.0757 for keratoconus eyes with Kmax ≥50 D. Similar trend of better repeatability for grade 1 keratoconus and HOAs <2 D as compared with grades 2 and 3 keratoconus and eyes with HOAs >2 D were also noted.

Conclusions:
Ocular aberrometer measurements generated by high definition pyramidal aberrometers have high repeatability in both normal and mild keratoconus eyes and moderate repeatability, yet still clinically acceptable, in advanced keratoconus. This is of particular importance in ocular wavefront-guided treatments.
Surgical quality assessment for the prospective study of oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic modified complete mesocolic excision for nonmetastatic right colon cancer (PIONEER study)
Authors: Yang Seung Yoon , Kim Min Jung , Kye Bong-Hyeon , Han Yoon Dae , Cho Min Soo , Park Ji Won , Jeong Seung-Yong , Song Seung Ho , Park Jun Seok , Park Soo Yeun , Kim Jin , Min Byung Soh 
Published: March 2024

Background:
The modified complete mesocolic excision (mCME) procedure for right-sided colon cancer is a tailored approach based on the original complete mesocolic excision (CME) methodology. Limited studies evaluated the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic mCME using objective surgical quality assessments in patients with right colon cancer. The objectives of the PIONEER study were to evaluate oncologic outcomes after laparoscopic mCME and to identify optimal clinically relevant endpoints and values for standardizing laparoscopic right colon cancer surgery based on short-term outcomes of procedures performed by expert laparoscopic surgeons.

Materials and methods:
This is an ongoing prospective, multi-institutional, single-arm study conducted at five tertiary colorectal cancer centers in South Korea. Study registrants included 250 patients scheduled for laparoscopic mCME with right-sided colon adenocarcinoma (from the appendix to the proximal half of the transverse colon). The primary endpoint was 3-year disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes included 3-year overall survival, incidence of morbidity in the first 4 weeks postoperatively, completeness of mCME, central radicality, and distribution of metastatic lymph nodes. Survival data will be available after the final follow-up date (June 2024).

Results:
The postoperative complication rate was 12.9%, with a major complication rate of 2.7%. In 87% of patients, central radicality was achieved with dissection at or beyond the level of complete exposure of the superior mesenteric vein. Mesocolic plane resection with an intact mesocolon was achieved in 75.9% of patients, as assessed through photographs. Metastatic lymph node distribution varied by tumor location and extent. Seven optimal clinically relevant endpoints and values were identified based on the analysis of complications in low-risk patients.

Conclusions:
Laparoscopic mCME for right-sided colon cancer produced favorable short-term postoperative outcomes. The identified optimal clinically relevant endpoints and values can serve as a reference for evaluating surgical performance of this procedure.