bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Three‐Dimensional Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Complex High‐Rise Building Structures
Authors: Saitoh Yasuo , Horii Masahiro , Teramoto Takayuki 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: Recently, designs of high‐rise buildings have become more complex. Various types of buildings result, such as buildings with a semicircular plan, and buildings in which the upper floors are larger than the lower floors.The authors have developed a three‐dimensional (3‐D) dynamic analysis system, ‘Super DYNAMICS’, which considers the nonlinear behavior of each structural member in order to analyze the structural behavior of such complex steel buildings under severe earthquakes.This system is mainly operated on a supercomputer because of the large number of calculations required for the member level dynamic analysis.This paper first describes the general concepts of the system and the 3‐D dynamic response analysis methods, based on the nonlinear behavior of each member under axial force and biaxial bending moments, and then examines and demonstrates the precision of the yield surface of steel members created by multispring models, and the ability of the system to trace the behavior of members and frames after yielding. It shows, in addition, actual examples of a static and a dynamic analysis by three‐direction ground motion applied to a 19‐story steel‐framed office building.
Machine Learning User Preferences for Structural Design
Authors: Thurston Deborah L. , Sun Ruofei 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: The design process often proceeds through iterative stages of design configuration, analysis, evaluation, and redesign with the ultimate goal of optimization. Numerical methods for structural design optimization of only one attribute such as weight, strength, or cost are well known. However, these methods do not reflect the fact that designs are evaluated by the user in terms of their performance in several attributes. It has been extremely difficult to incorporate multiple attributes into design optimization algorithms because the acceptable tradeoffs between these attributes vary significantly between users.This paper presents a new method for learning user‐specific preferences and integrating them into the design evaluation, analysis, and optimization process in a meaningful way. The approach is a synthesis of formal decision theoretic methods with conventional design analysis techniques. The overall design objective is optimization of multiattribute utility from the viewpoint of the user.A user‐interactive computer‐aided Multiattribute Structural Design Evaluation and Optimization System (MSDEOS) is presented. It enables machine learning of the user's willingness to make tradeoffs between performance attributes. With this system, it is feasible to integrate site‐specific consideration of multiple attributes directly into computer aids for structural design optimization. Two examples are presented: seismic design, where tradeoffs are made between cost and damage index, and design of a three‐story steel frame structure, where attributes are cost and drift index. The system learns the preferences of different users and reflects those preferences through the identification of a different optimal solution for each user.
Graphic Interactive Input System for High‐Rise Building Structures in CAD
Authors: Chan H. C. , Cheung Y. K. , Shang S. P. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: A graphic interactive input system developed for use in computer‐aided design (CAD) of high‐rise building structures is presented. In this system, the primitive information is input to computer through graphic display. The input object appears on the screen as an image and is directly visible. With the interactive operation, the designer can carry out the input rapidly and efficiently by moving the cursor on the screen, and the graph that represents the information about the structure can be modified easily.Using multicolor graphics, animated cartoons, multiple windows, and multiple‐level menus, autogeneration and autonumbering of the members are performed, and the geometric and loading information can be input conveniently.In this paper, some basic conceptions and algorithms of graphic input and screen data collection are described.
Hybrid Control of Structures Using Fuzzy Logic
Authors: Subramaniam Ravi S. , Reinhorn Andrei M. , Riley Michael A. , Nagarajaiah Satish 
Published: November 2008

Abstract: This investigation examined the application of control algorithms based on fuzzy logic to a class of hybrid structural control systems. The investigation included both analytical and experimental verification of the fuzzy control algorithm. The objective of the hybrid system under investigation is to obtain an ideal sliding system with perfect base isolation. As the hybrid system approaches the state of ideal isolation, the effects of imperfections, signal noise, uncertainties, modeling errors, and compensation errors start to play a dominant role in the control performance. Fuzzy logic (or fuzzy set theory) provides a simple framework to capture the effects of nonlinearities and uncertainties in a real problem without an explicit model of the plant or controller.The applicability of this approach was first investigated analytically and then verified using a benchmark experimental model consisting of a 1:4 scale sliding‐base isolated system controlled at its base by a servohydraulic actuator with a digital computer to provide the control signal. The fuzzy controller used feedback from either the acceleration of the moving foundation or the force at the interface to produce control forces in a series of shaking‐table tests. The results from this study show the feasibility of the implementation of fuzzy logic to highly nonlinear problems.
Cellular distribution of the neutral amino acid transporter subtype ASCT2 in mouse brain
Authors: Gliddon Catherine M. , Shao Zongjun , LeMaistre Jillian L. , Anderson Christopher M. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractASCT2 is an ASC (alanine‐, serine‐, cysteine‐preferring) neutral amino acid exchanger that may regulate CNS function by transporting amino acid substrates includingl‐serine,l‐cysteine,l‐glutamine,l‐glutamate andd‐serine. Despite the potentially important role of ASCT2 in influencing metabolic and signaling functions of these amino acids in brain, there has been little description of its distribution in brain tissue. We employed a commercially available human ASCT2 antibody in immunohistochemistry studies in adult mouse brain and found a wide regional distribution for ASCT2 that was limited to dendrites labeled by anti‐microtubule‐associated protein‐2 in cortex, hippocampus and striatum. No ASCT2 immunoreactivity was observed in areas labeled by antibodies against a neuronal cell body marker (NeuN), or either of the astrocyte markers, glial fibrillary acidic protein or S100β. In cerebellum both Purkinje cell bodies and dendrites were positive for ASCT2 immunoreactivity. In support of a dendritic localization for ASCT2 in cortex, low affinity (KT > 1 mM), Na+‐dependentd‐serine andl‐glutamine uptake characteristic of ASCT2‐mediated transport was observed in P2 synaptosomal preparations. These results suggest that ASCT2 may be an important neuronal neutral amino acid transporter and highlight a discrepancy between findings of astrocyte ASCT2 function in tissue culture and brainin situ.
Studying the satisfaction of patients on the outcome of an aesthetic dermatological filler treatment
Authors: De Arruda Lúcia Helena Fávaro , Rocha Fábio Theoto , Rocha Armando 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground  Many factors contribute to extend productive life in the modern world. Competition makes people worry about physical appearance, mostly in respect to facial and skin aging. This has motivated new developments in cosmetic dermatology and the need of evaluating patient satisfaction with the new proposed treatments. Poll questionnaire has been used for such evaluation, and the analysis of the electroencephalogram (EEG) mapping obtained while the patient answers the satisfaction questionnaire may render the results less subjective.Objectives  The purpose of this paper is to study the satisfaction of a group of 33 women (mean age, 44 years) treated with hyaluronic acid filling of nasolabial folding or lips, combining the EEG brain mapping and questionnaire techniques.Methods  At the third month of evaluation, two networked personal computers were used for the EEG recording and for presenting the patient with a questionnaire about her well‐being feeling; self‐evaluation of her face; her satisfaction with the results of the aesthetic treatment; how the family, friends, and people at work evaluated the result of the treatment; and her decision to repeat the treatment and to recommend it to friends and family.Results  Poll results showed that patients were feeling well and were satisfied with the results of the aesthetic treatment. Furthermore, the regression EEG mappings showed patients to be satisfied with their appearance and with the treatment involving similar brain areas.Conclusion  Patients decided to undergo the treatment because they were already considering it (54%) or because they were dissatisfied with their lips or nasolabial folding (52%). The fact that the treatment was free of charge solidified the decision. Patients consider themselves as good‐looking and they wanted to preserve such a condition.
Hydradermabrasion: an innovative modality for nonablative facial rejuvenation
Authors: Freedman Bruce M 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground  Hydradermabrasion is a relatively new procedure that combines crystal‐free microdermabrasion with the pneumatic application of an antioxidant‐based serum.Objective  This study aims to validate the safety and efficacy of hydradermabrasion for nonablative facial rejuvenation and to determine whether antioxidant levels could be increased in the skin with this technique.Methods  Twenty female volunteers, aged 34–56 years, were randomized into two groups. Group A underwent a series of six facial hydradermabrasion treatments using a polyphenolic antioxidant serum spaced 7–10 days apart. In Group B, the same polyphenolic antioxidant serum was applied manually to the skin for a total of six treatments at 7‐ to 10‐day intervals. Digital photographs, skin biopsies, and skin polyphenolic antioxidant levels were obtained prior to and after the treatment regimen. Patient surveys were taken following the study.Results  In Group A, treated skin demonstrated increased epidermal thickness, papillary dermal thickness, and polyphenolic antioxidant levels (P < 0.01). There was replacement of elastotic dermal tissue, collagen hyalinization, and increased fibroblast density. Fine lines, pore size, and hyperpigmentation were decreased following treatment. There were no reported complications. In Group B, there was no change in skin structure, antioxidant levels, or clinical skin attributes.Conclusion  Hydradermabrasion effectively improved skin quality both clinically and histologically. There were no changes to suggest that pneumatic serum application adversely affected dermal components. After hydradermabrasion, skin polyphenolic antioxidant levels were increased. In contrast, the intermittent manual application of the polyphenolic antioxidant serum without the microdermabrasion element did not result in detectable skin changes.
Protective effects of a topical antioxidant mixture containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin against ultraviolet‐induced photodamage in human skin
Authors: Oresajo Christian , Stephens Thomas , Hino Peter D , Law Robert M , Yatskayer Margarita , Foltis Peter , Pillai Sreekumar , Pinnell Sheldon R 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground  Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation of the skin leads to acute inflammatory reactions, such as erythema, sunburn, and chronic reactions, including premature skin aging and skin cancer.Aim  In this study, the effects of a topical antioxidant mixture consisting of vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on attenuating the harmful effects of UV irradiation on normal healthy volunteers were studied using biomarkers of skin damage.Subjects/methods  Ten subjects (age, 18–60 years; Fitzpatrick skin types II and III) were randomized and treated with antioxidant product or vehicle control on the lower back for four consecutive days. On day 3, the minimal erythema dose (MED) was determined for each subject at a different site on the back. On day 4, the two test sites received solar‐simulated UV irradiation 1–5× MED at 1× MED intervals. On day 5, digital images were taken, and 4‐mm punch biopsies were collected from the two 5× MED test sites and a control site from each subject for morphology and immunohistochemical studies.Results  UV irradiation significantly increased the erythema of human skin in a linear manner from 1× to 5× MED. As early as 24 h after exposure to 5× MEDs of UV irradiation, there were significant increases in sunburn cell formation, thymine dimer formation, matrix metalloproteinase‐9 expression, and p53 protein expression. All these changes were attenuated by the antioxidant composition. UV irradiation also suppressed the amount of CD1a‐expressing Langerhans cells, indicating immunosuppressive effects of a single 5× MED dose of UV irradiation. Pretreatment of skin with the antioxidant composition blocked this effect.Conclusion  This study confirms the protective role of a unique mixture of antioxidants containing vitamin C, ferulic acid, and phloretin on human skin from the harmful effects of UV irradiation. Phloretin, in addition to being a potent antioxidant, may stabilize and increase the skin availability of topically applied vitamin C and ferulic acid. We propose that antioxidant mixture will complement and synergize with sunscreens in providing photoprotection for human skin.
European evaluation of a new hyaluronic acid filler incorporating lidocaine
Authors: Wahl Gregor 
Published: November 2008

SummaryBackground  A new dermal filler has been developed with preincorporated lidocaine for the treatment of moderate/severe wrinkles.Aims  Injector and patient evaluation of comfort and aesthetic results obtained with a new hyaluronic acid filler incorporating lidocaine (HAL) following treatment of nasolabial folds.Patients/Methods  Three thousand five hundred and sixty‐six patients were recruited by 485 injectors across 16 countries. All patients had previously received facial fillers but now required further treatment. All patients received the new hyaluronic acid filler incorporating lidocaine.Results  Injector assessment of HAL was that it was very easy to inject in > 75% of patients, and postinjection sculpting/massaging was very easy in most patients (> 70%). Both injectors and patients reported low patient pain levels, with patients experiencing less pain during all stages of the HAL injection procedure compared to previous dermal fillers. Over 95% of injectors rated the aesthetic effect of HAL as “excellent” or “good,” with 99.1% stating they would recommend treatment to a colleague and 99.4% recommending treatment to other patients. More than 90% of patients were happy with the treatment, and 99% would recommend HAL to friends.Conclusions  The new hyaluronic acid filler incorporating lidocaine provides a more comfortable injection experience and improved aesthetic result for most patients compared with other dermal fillers used previously.
Evaluation of plasma skin regeneration technology for cutaneous remodeling
Authors: Elsaie Mohamed L , Kammer Jenna N 
Published: November 2008

SummaryPlasma skin regeneration is a novel type of skin rejuvenation technology developed over the last 3 years. Plasma is the fourth state of matter in which electrons are stripped from atoms to form an ionized gas. Although high‐temperature plasmas have been used in surgery for over a decade, plasma had previously been used as a conduction medium for electric current. Unlike lasers, which rely on the principle of selective photothermolysis to deliver heat to specific targets in the skin, plasma technology delivers heat energy directly to tissue upon contact without reliance on skin chromophores. The plasma itself produces controlled thermal damage to the skin surface to elicit changes such as new collagen formation and improvement in photodamaged skin. The technology can be used at varying energies for different depths of effect, from superficial epidermal effects to deeper dermal heating.
Low radiation dose imaging of myocardial perfusion and coronary angiography with a hybrid PET/CT scanner
Authors: Kajander S. , Ukkonen H. , Sipilä H. , Teräs M. , Knuuti J. 
Published: November 2008

SummaryObjectives:  To test the image quality and feasibility of a sequential low radiation dose protocol for hybrid cardiac PET/CT angiography (CTA).Background:  Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is a non‐invasive method for coronary angiography. The negative predictive value of MDCT is high but perfusion imaging has a role in detecting functional significance of coronary lesions. This has encouraged combining these techniques. However, radiation dose is of concern. We report our first experiences with a low dose sequential CTA mode applicable to hybrid imaging.Methods:  In the first phase, 10 consecutive cardiac MDCT angiographies were performed with spiral acquisition and compared in terms of image quality and dose with the following 10 patients performed with a new sequential mode. In the second phase, feasibility and radiation dose of a combined 15O‐water rest‐stress PET perfusion/sequential CTA protocol were assessed in another group of 61 consecutive patients.Results:  Mean effective radiation dose was 60% lower in the sequential group than in the spiral group (19·3 versus 7·6 mSv, P<0·001). In the second phase, the new sequential hybrid protocol proved possible in 87% of the patients given the preconditions determined by the manufacturer. Mean effective dose of the CT acquisition was 7·6 mSv and total dose from the PET/CTA hybrid study 9·5 mSv.Conclusion:  Low dose PET/CT allows cardiac hybrid studies with <10 mSv. The protocol can be applied to almost nine out of 10 patients with CT image quality comparable to spiral acquisition.
Key Patient Assessment Tools and Treatment Strategies for Pain Management
Authors: McCarberg Bill , Stanos Steven 
Published: November 2008

AbstractNational survey data indicate that more than 25% of American adults suffer from pain that lasts for more than 24 hours in duration. Chronic pain can have a devastating impact on an individual's relationships, daily functioning, and employment. Although the treatment of pain is something that clinicians face every day, providing optimal care for these patients can be difficult. Many clinicians feel that managing side effects, identifying and managing potential drug abusers, and navigating regulatory and legal issues can make pain management a complicated undertaking. This review discusses key patient assessment and treatment strategy tools, together with common medico‐legal concerns to assist clinicians in more effectively managing their patients' pain.
Benefits of Extended‐Release Opioid Analgesic Formulations in the Treatment of Chronic Pain
Authors: Nicholson Bruce 
Published: November 2008

AbstractChronic noncancer pain represents a major health problem that affects many patients, resulting in suffering, reduced productivity, and substantial health care costs. The patient with chronic noncancer pain is burdened by decreased quality of life, decreased sleep, interference with social relationships, diminished cognitive functions, interference with activities of daily living, decreased productivity, and increased anxiety and depression. A survey examining the burden of pain on health and productivity found decreases of 45% in physical health and 23% in mental health at a cost of $61.2 billion per year in productive work time. An American Pain Society survey of 800 patients with moderate to severe chronic pain reported that 47% felt their pain was not under control. The goal of pharmacological therapy for chronic noncancer pain is to provide sustained analgesia. Chronic pain management guidelines recommend the use of long‐acting, extended‐release (ER) analgesics because they provide prolonged, more consistent plasma concentrations of drug compared with short‐acting agents, thus minimizing fluctuations that could contribute to end‐of‐dose breakthrough pain. ER analgesics offer more consistent and improved nighttime pain control, less need to awaken at night to take another dose of pain medication, and less clock‐watching by patients in chronic noncancer pain. Among the available ER opioids, tramadol ER possesses a unique mechanism of action, making it a viable opioid of first choice for patients suffering from a variety of chronic noncancer pain conditions, such as osteoarthritis, low back pain, and neuropathic pain.
WT1 represses HOX gene expression in the regulation of gynaecologic tumour histologic type
Authors: Andikyan Vaagn , Taylor Hugh S. 
Published: November 2008

AbstractHomeobox genes encode transcription factors that dictate developmental identity, including that of the Mullerian tract. These genes also direct differential Mullerian transformation of the ovarian cancer cells. The homeobox gene HOXA10 controls uterine organogenesis during embryonic development and similarly is expressed in endometroid epithelial ovarian cancer. Here we confirmed aberrant regulation of HOXA10 expression in epithelial uterine and ovarian carcinomas. We identified a HOXA10 epithelial regulatory element containing an enhancer that drove HOXA10 expression specifically in gynaecologic epithelium. We further identified an adjoining dominant repressor element that restricted regulation by the epithelial enhancer to a subset of epithelial cell types. The repressor contained two functional WT1 binding sites. We identified a strong inverse correlation between HOXA10 expression and that of the Wilms’ Tumour 1 (WT1) gene in multiple benign and malignant gynaecologic tissues, suggesting functionality of the WT1 sites in the repressor. Mutation of the two WT1 binding sites abolished WT1 binding to the element as well as the ability to affect epithelial enhancer activity in reporter assays. Similarly, decreased expression of WT1 using siRNA prevented repressor activity. The Mullerian phenotype seen in ovarian cancer is dependent on gain of HOX gene expression secondary to the loss of WT1‐mediated HOX repression. This suggests that Gynaecologic epithelial histologic type is regulated by WT1 expression through its selective repression of HOX genes.