bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Psychogenic urinary dysfunction: A uro‐neurological assessment
Authors: Sakakibara Ryuji , Uchiyama Tomoyuki , Awa Yusuke , Liu Zhi , Yamamoto Tatauya , Ito Takashi , Yamamoto Kaori , Kinou Mika , Yamaguchi Chiharu , Yamanishi Tomoyuki , Hattori Takamichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAimsThe diagnosis of psychogenic urinary dysfunction (PUD) is one of exclusion, particularly from urologic and neurologic causes, and is usually accompanied by more obvious psychologic/ psychiatric features. We here describe patients with PUD who were diagnosed in our uro‐ neurological laboratory.Materials and MethodsWe reviewed the digitized records of 2,300 urodynamic cases treated in the past 6 years to identify patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of PUD. All 2,300 patients had completed a urinary questionnaire and undergone both electromyography (EMG)‐cystometry and a detailed neurological examination. In addition, pressure‐flow analysis, neurophysiology tests including sphincter EMG analysis, and MRI of the brain and spinal cord were performed as applicable.ResultsPUD was seen in 16 cases (0.7%): 6 men, 10 women, mean age 37 years. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) included overactive bladder (OAB) alone in 5, difficult urination alone in one, and both in 10. LUTS commonly occurred in particular situations, for example, OAB only while riding the train. Some patients showed extremely infrequent toileting. The urodynamic findings were normal except for increased bladder sensation (50%) for OAB and acontractile detrusor (31%) for difficulty. The final diagnosis was conversion reaction in six followed by anxiety in four.ConclusionsPUD patients experienced the situational occurrence of OAB and/or difficult urination and, in some patients, extremely infrequent toileting. The main urodynamic abnormalities were increased bladder sensation and acontractile detrusor. However, even in cases suggestive of PUD, a non‐PUD pathology behind the symptoms should be explored. Neurourol. Urodynam. 26:518–524, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Path inequalities for the vehicle routing problem with time windows
Authors: Kallehauge Brian , Boland Natashia , Madsen Oli B.G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn this paper we introduce a new formulation of the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) involving only binary variables. The new formulation is based on the formulation of the asymmetric traveling salesman problem with time windows by Ascheuer et al. (Networks 36 (2000) 69–79) and has the advantage of avoiding additional variables and linking constraints. In the new formulation, time windows are modeled using path inequalities that eliminate time and capacity infeasible paths. We present a new class of strengthened path inequalities based on the polyhedral results obtained by Mak (Ph.D. Thesis, 2001) for a variant of the TSP. We study the VRPTW polytope and determine its dimension. We show that the lifted path inequalities are facet defining under certain assumptions. We also introduce precedence constraints in the context of the VRPTW. Computational experiments are performed with a branch and cut algorithm on the Solomon test problems with wide time windows. Based on results on 25‐node problems, the outcome is promising compared to leading algorithms in the literature. In particular, we report a solution to a previously unsolved 50‐node Solomon test problem R208. The conclusion is therefore that a polyhedral approach to the VRPTW is a viable alternative to the path formulation of Desrochers et al. (Oper Res 40 (1992), 342–354). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(4), 273–293 2007
Competitive analysis for dynamic multiperiod uncapacitated routing problems
Authors: Angelelli Enrico , Grazia Speranza M. , Savelsbergh Martin W.P. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe study a dynamic multiperiod routing problem where, at the beginning of each time period, a set of orders arrive that have to be fulfilled either that time period or the next. Thus, in each time period there are customers that have to be served and customers whose service may be postponed. Once it has been decided which customers to serve, an optimal route is constructed and executed. The objective of the problem is to minimize the total distance traveled during the planning horizon. Deciding which customers to serve in a time period is done on the basis of incomplete information, analyzing simultaneously customers in two consecutive periods. No knowledge is available about customers requiring service in future time periods. We introduce simple algorithms, ones which naturally arise in practice, and analyze these algorithms by studying their competitive ratio. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. NETWORKS, Vol. 49(4), 308–317 2007
Selective upregulation and amplification of the lysyl oxidase like‐4 (LOXL4) gene in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Görögh T , Weise JB , Holtmeier C , Rudolph P , Hedderich J , Gottschlich S , Hoffmann M , Ambrosch P , Csiszar K 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMembers of the lysyl oxidase family (LOX) are copper and lysyl‐tyrosine quinone cofactor‐containing amine oxidases that are important for the assembly and maintenance of components of the extracellular matrix. Our previous results demonstrated that a novel member, LOXL4, is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) compared to normal squamous epithelium. Results of the current study showed overexpression of the LOXL4 transcript in 74% (46 of 62) of invasive HNSCC tumours and 90% of both primary and metastatic HNSCC cell lines. Significant correlation was found between LOXL4 expression and local lymph node metastases versus primary tumour types (p < 0.01) and higher tumour stages (p < 0.01). Immunocytochemistry demonstrated cellular overexpression of the LOXL4 protein that correlated with the increased mRNA transcription in HNSCC cells. HNSCC cell lines displayed in significant subset of nuclei increased copies of the LOX4 gene locus on chromosome 10q24, demonstrated by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Extensive metaphase cytogenetic analysis was performed on UTSCC19A cells, identifying an isochromosome i(10)(q10). Taken together, these results highlight LOXL4 expression as a distinctive trait and suggest a functional role for LOXL4 in the molecular pathogenesis of invasive head and neck carcinomas. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Topology of the fibrinolytic system within the mural thrombus of human abdominal aortic aneurysms
Authors: Houard X , Rouzet F , Touat Z , Philippe M , Dominguez M , Fontaine V , Sarda‐Mantel L , Meulemans A , Le Guludec D , Meilhac O , Michel J‐B 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDevelopment and progression of acquired abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) involve proteolytic activity. In the present study, we investigate the distribution of fibrinolytic system components within mural thrombi of human AAAs. 20 mural thrombi and the remaining AAA walls were dissected. The luminal, intermediate and abluminal thrombus layers, and media and adventitia were separately incubated in cell culture medium. Conditioned media were then analysed for plasminogen activators (PAs), plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1), free‐plasmin, plasmin α2‐antiplasmin complexes (PAPs) and D‐dimers release. In parallel, PA and PAI‐1 mRNA expression analysis was performed by RT–PCR. The study was completed by immunohistochemical localization of these components in AAA, ex vivo functional imaging using 99mTc‐aprotinin as a ligand and measurement of PAP and D‐dimer plasma levels. All fibrinolytic system components were present in each aneurysmal layer. However, the mural thrombus was the main source of active serine‐protease release. Interestingly, the luminal layer of the thrombus released greater amounts of PAPs and D‐dimers. This paralleled the preferential immunolocalization of plasminogen and PAs, and the 99mTc‐aprotinin scintigraphic signal observed in the luminal pole of the thrombus. In contrast, mRNA expression analysis showed an exclusive synthesis of tPA and PAI‐1 within the wall, whereas uPA mRNA was also expressed within the thrombus. Taken together, these results suggest that the increased plasma concentrations of PAPs and D‐dimers found in AAA patients are related to mural thrombus proteolytic activity, thus explaining their known link with AAA progression. Components of the fibrinolytic system could also represent a target for functional imaging of thrombus activities in AAA. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dendritic carbosilane‐based macrophotoinitiator: synthesis, characterization, and photoinitiating behavior
Authors: Wang Sheng‐Jie , Fan Xiao‐Dong , Liu Xiang , Kong Jie , Liu Yu‐Yang , Wang Xin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA novel radical dendritic macrophotoinitiator, bearing alkyl pheone moieties linked to the surface of the dendrimer, was synthesized via alcoholysis of carbosilane dendrimer and the small‐molecule photoinitiator 2‐hydroxy‐2‐methyl‐1‐(4‐tert‐butyl)phenylpropane‐1‐one. The structure of the dendritic carbosilane‐based macrophotoinitiator (MPI) was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 29Si NMR, elemental analysis, size exclusion chromatography/multi‐angle laser light scattering, UV‐visible spectroscopy, and differential photocalorimetry (DPC). UV‐visible analysis indicates that the absorption band of photosensitive moieties shifts towards high wavelength by introducing the carbosilane dendrimer core. The DPC results demonstrate that the initiating efficiency of MPI is effective when using epoxy acrylate (EA) as a model resin. Furthermore, thermogravimetric analysis of cured EA resin indicates that the thermal stability can be improved markedly by the incorporation of MPI in the curing formulation. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Nanoindentation creep and glass transition temperatures in polymers
Authors: Beake Ben D , Bell Gerard A , Brostow Witold , Chonkaew Wunpen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe nanoindentation creep behaviour of several different polymers has been investigated. The extent of creep ε is represented by the Chudoba and Richter equation: ε = εeln(εrt + 1), where t is the loading time and εe and εr are material constants. Creep was determined in this way for a variety of polymers at Texper = 301.7 K. Some of the materials studied were far above, some far below and some near their glass transition temperatures Tg. The creep rate εr was plotted as a function of y = (Tg − Texper); a single curve was obtained in spite of a large variety of chemical structures of the polymers. The εr = εr(y) diagram can be divided into three regions according to the chain mobility. At large negative y values, the creep rate is high due to the liquid‐like behaviour. At large positive y values in the glassy region, the creep rate is higher than that in the negative y‐value region; the creep mechanism is assigned to material brittleness and crack propagation. In the middle y range there is a minimum of εr. These results can be related to glassy and liquid structures represented by Voronoi polyhedra and Delaunay simplices. The latter form clusters; in the glassy material there is a percolative Delaunay cluster of nearly tetrahedral high‐density configurations. The creep mechanism here is related to crack propagation in brittle solids. In the liquid state there is a different percolative Delaunay cluster formed by low‐density configurations, which, as expected, favour high creep rates. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Synthesis and chiroptical properties of liquid crystalline copolymers containing azobenzene chromophores
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Sun Youyi , Xu Jie , Chen Biao , Su Zhiqiang , Zhang Qijin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA series of new liquid crystalline copolymers, poly[((S)‐2‐methyl‐1‐butyl methacrylate)‐co‐(6‐(4‐(4‐cyanophenylazo)phenoxy)hexyl methacrylate)], with different contents of chiral units of 17, 36, 54 and 78 mol% were synthesized. The structures and properties of the copolymers were characterized and evaluated using infrared, 1H NMR and UV spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, gel permeation chromatography and circular dichroism (CD). The CD results suggested that absorptions of azobenzene chromophores were observed in films of copolymer containing 17, 36 or 54 mol% chiral units, but not in the film of copolymer containing 78 mol% chiral units. Also, CD values of the copolymeric films decreased with increasing chiral content. After irradiation with linear polarized light at 442 nm, CD values were changed in all the copolymeric films, and the CD values increased with decreasing chiral content in a nonlinear way, while the photoinduced change of chirality of the copolymers increased in a linear way with decreasing chiral content. The results are discussed in terms of interactions between structures and chiroptical properties. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Effects of shell thickness of polystyrene‐encapsulated Mg(OH)2 on flammability and rheological properties of high‐impact polystyrene composites
Authors: Chang Suqin , Xie Tingxiu , Yang Guisheng 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPolystyrene (PS)‐encapsulated magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) particles with various shell thicknesses were successfully prepared using a method of in situ polymerization of styrene in a high‐speed mixer. High‐impact polystyrene (HIPS)/Mg(OH)2 composites were prepared by melt blending. They were characterized using cone calorimetry, horizontal burning rate, rheology and scanning electron microscopy in order to investigate the effects of the shell thickness of the PS‐encapsulated Mg(OH)2 on the flame retardancy and rheological properties of the resulting composites. Rheological tests showed that the composites containing encapsulated Mg(OH)2 had a stronger solid‐like response at low frequency than that of the sample containing untreated Mg(OH)2. However, with PS/Mg(OH)2 ratio increasing up to 6.0 wt% and above, the dynamic viscosity, loss modulus and storage modulus of HIPS/Mg(OH)2 composites decreased. The optimum PS/Mg(OH)2 ratio, 4.5 wt%, was determined using a new ‘crossover point’ rheological method. The combustion tests showed that compared to the composites containing untreated Mg(OH)2, the fire retardancy of the composites containing PS‐encapsulated Mg(OH)2 was improved significantly. Also, there appeared to be a critical PS/Mg(OH)2 ratio, namely 6.0 wt%, for optimum flame‐retarding properties. However with the continuous increase of PS/Mg(OH)2 ratio, the fire resistance of the composites declined somewhat, which can be explained by acceleration of combustion of the composites due to the introduction of free PS chains of low molecular weight on the surface of Mg(OH)2. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Infrared spectra and ferro‐electricity of ultra‐thin films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene copolymer
Authors: Tsutsumi Naoto , Yoda Shinya , Sakai Wataru 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe structures of ultra‐thin films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene copolymer were characterized using Fourier transform infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (FTIR‐RAS), FTIR transmission spectroscopy (FTIR‐TRS), atomic force microscopy, and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction. The ferro‐electricity was determined from polarization charge (a displacement (D)–electric field (E) hysteresis). FTIR‐RAS and FTIR‐TRS measurements showed that the molecular chains of polymers (crystal c‐axis) near the substrate tended to align parallel to the substrate. However, thermal annealing of the sample films at temperatures above 145 °C caused a marked change in molecular alignment of the polymer chains (crystal c‐axis) from parallel to normal to the substrate, and, further, caused a conformation change from trans to partially gauche forms. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Pendent polyimides using mellitic acid dianhydride. II. Structure–property relationships for zirconium‐containing pendent polymers
Authors: Illingsworth Marvin L. , Dai Huixiong , Wang Wei , Chow Derek , Siochi Emilie J. , Yang Kenwan , Leiston‐Belanger Julie M. , Jankauskas Jennifer 
Published: March 2007

AbstractUsing mellitic acid dianhydride to prepare Zr‐containing pendent copolyimides (co‐PIs) is currently being evaluated as a means of further increasing Zr concentration and atomic oxygen resistance while retaining other desirable film properties. The immediate objectives en route to this ultimate goal are: (1) to address the increased tendency of copolyamic acids (co‐PAAs) to undergo gelation during polymerizations and upon addition of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide during the Zr appending reactions, and (2) for multilayer films, to increase the number of layers that can be applied prior to crack formation. To accomplish these two objectives, a targeted structure–property study has been performed, holding the Zr concentration constant at 10 mol %. The polymer starting materials chosen for this investigation include PMDA and OPDA (dianhydrides), and 4,4′‐ODA, 3,4′‐ODA, and 1,3‐APB (diamines). The spectroscopic data for all polymer products are consistent with the expected amic acid, imide, pendent, and nonpendent structures. Thin‐layer chromatography, viscosity, and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results confirm the polymeric nature of the Zr pendent and nonpendent co‐PAA precursors, with intrinsic viscosities (η0) of 0.86–0.46 for the former and 0.76–0.38 for the latter. Weight‐average molecular weights are estimated from GPC to be 115,400–436,000 g/mol for the former and 38,300–111,200 g/mol for the latter. While there was little observable effect of structure change on tendency to form gel, APB‐containing Zr pendent copolyimide had the lowest glass transition temperature and allowed the largest number of layers to be cast in a single film without cracking (10 layers) of the pendent copolyimides in this study. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 1641–1652, 2007
Use of written treatment plans for asthma by specialist physicians
Authors: Sheares Beverley J. , Du Yunling , Vazquez Tara L. , Mellins Robert B. , Evans David 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFew studies have addressed use of written treatment plans (WTPs) for asthma by specialist physicians. The purpose of this study is to characterize the attitudes, beliefs, and self‐reported practice behaviors regarding asthma WTP use among specialist physicians. Structured interviews were conducted with pulmonologists and allergists who provide direct patient asthma care in two New York City medical centers. The interview covered five areas: (1) demographic information; (2) experiences with WTPs; (3) reported clinical practice behaviors; (4) factors influencing use of WTPs; and (5) physician–patient communication. Forty‐five physicians were eligible to participate in the study. Sixty‐eight percent of physicians treated adult patients while 32% were pediatric specialists. Forty‐four physicians completed interviews, (response rate of 98%). Eighty‐six percent indicated they use WTPs with at least some of their patients (71% of their patients had received a plan from them). Most reported handwriting plans on a blank piece of paper (66%). Most plans were symptom‐based (47%) or combined symptoms with peak flow measurement (50%). Most plans supported patient autonomy. More than 80% of physicians believe the use of a WTP improves patient outcomes. The results suggest that asthma specialists in this survey utilize WTPs more frequently than reported in other studies. Physicians encourage patient autonomy and believe asthma self‐management by patients improves their outcomes. Controlled studies of the efficacy of asthma management plans are needed to assess the impact of WTPs as used in clinical practice. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2007; 42:348–356. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of alpha‐1‐antitrypsin in immunoglobulin A nephropathy
Authors: Kwak Noh‐Jin , Wang Eun‐Hui , Heo Il‐Young , Jin Dong‐Chan , Cha Jung‐Ho , Lee Kweon‐Haeng , Yang Chul‐Woo , Kang Chang‐Suk , Choi Yeong‐Jin 
Published: March 2007

AbstractImmunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is recognized as the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is characterized by mesangial cell proliferation with mesangial IgA deposition in the glomeruli, and is usually associated with secondary tubulointerstitial injury. Although significant progress has been made in the clarification of the pathogenesis of IgAN, the exact pathogenetic mechanism remains unclear. To find out the candidate proteins that play an important role in IgAN, renal cortex tissues and urine from IgAN patients were studied. The 2‐DE was performed on renal tissues of IgAN and normal controls. A series of spots identified as alpha‐1‐antitrypsin (AAT) by mass spectrometry, were found to be significantly increased in patients with IgAN. Up‐regulation of AAT variants was validated in renal cortex tissues of IgAN using Western blot and 2‐DE immunoblot. Lower isoforms (˜48 kDa) and fragments (˜33 kDa), suspected as cleavage forms by proteinase attack, were especially increased in IgAN compared to normal controls. In addition, AAT proteins modified by tyrosine nitration (approximately 57 and 48 kDa), which reflects excessive oxidative stress, were increased in IgAN tissue. Additionally in the urine of IgAN, increase of AAT variants and fragments was detected by 2‐DE immunoblot as well as Western blot. Immunohistochemical staining of IgAN kidney tissue revealed that the increase of AAT appeared to be derived from hypertrophic proximal tubules. The AAT staining in the glomerulus was not clear in IgAN. In addition, immunodepletion‐zymography showed a positive correlation between AAT and 80–110‐kDa proteinases in IgAN tissue. Further studies regarding the functional roles of AAT and the proteinases will allow better understanding of the pathogenesis of IgAN.
The murine plasma protein response to polymicrobial intra‐abdominal sepsis
Authors: McDunn Jonathan E. , Townsend R. Reid , Cobb J. Perren 
Published: March 2007

AbstractProtein biomarkers in the peripheral blood could potentially be used as early indicators of sepsis and a means to stratify patients for clinical trials. Although individual molecular markers have been proposed for sepsis, none has clinical utility. The global changes in plasma proteins over the clinical course of sepsis have not been characterized using proteomic methods. We used cecal ligation and puncture to induce polymicrobial sepsis in mice and generated plasma protein profiles using 2‐D DIGE of plasma from septic mice and surgical controls. Replicate cohorts (n = 3) of 4–7 animals each were used to identify 62 gel features that changed significantly (Student's t‐test, p<0.05). We identified a suite of plasma proteins that describe uniquely the host plasma response to polymicrobial septic insult. Principal components analysis of protein abundance showed that ∼90% of the variability between samples was due to sepsis. In addition to canonical acute phase proteins, we identified proteins that are associated with metabolic changes (e.g. α‐2 HS glycoprotein and zinc α‐2 glycoprotein) consistent with the pathophysiology of sepsis. The panel of sepsis‐associated molecular markers identified herein may prove useful in the diagnosis and categorization of sepsis.