bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the effectiveness and safety of sequential vaccination with inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine and Ad5‐nCoV booster in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Authors: Zheng Zhigang , Wu Huimin , Sun Xiaowei , Lu Yefeng , Song Yanyan , Luo Yi , Zhou Tao , Feng Mingxuan , Wan Ping , Zhu Jianjun , Shen Nan , Cao Qing , Liang Ji , Xia Qiang , Xue Feng 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAmidst the COVID‐19 pandemic, uncertainty persists among caregivers regarding the vaccination of pediatric liver transplant recipients (PLTRs). This study evaluates the immunogenicity and safety of COVID‐19 vaccination in this vulnerable population. A cohort of 30 PLTRs underwent sequential vaccinations with an inactivated SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine followed by an Ad5‐nCoV booster. We collected and analyzed blood samples pre‐vaccination and four weeks post‐vaccination to quantify antibody and IGRA (IFN‐γ Release Assay) levels. We also documented any adverse reactions occurring within seven days post‐vaccination and monitored participants for infections over six months post‐vaccination, culminating in a comprehensive statistical analysis. The Ad5‐nCoV booster substantially elevated IgG (T1: 18.01, 20%; T2: 66.61, 55%) and nAb (T1: 119.29, 8%; T2: 3799.75, 80%) levels, as well as T‐cell responses, in comparison to the initial dose. The first dose was associated with some common adverse reactions, such as injection site pain (13.3%) and fever (16.6%), but a low rate of systemic reactions (16.0%). There was no significant difference in Omicron infection rates or RTPCR conversion times between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Notably, following Omicron infection, vaccinated individuals exhibited significantly higher SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG and nAb titers (average IgG: 231.21 vs. 62.09 S/CO, p = 0.0003; nAb: 5246.11 vs. 2592.07 IU/mL, p = 0.0002). The use of inactivated vaccines followed by an Ad5‐nCoV booster in PLTRs is generally safe and elicits a robust humoral response, albeit with limited T‐cell responses.
Paediatric steatotic liver disease has unique characteristics: A multisociety statement endorsing the new nomenclature
Authors:   European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN),   European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL),   North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (NASPGHAN),   Latin‐American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition (LASPGHAN),   Asian Pan‐Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (APPSPGHAN),   Pan Arab Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (PASPGHAN),   Commonwealth Association of Paediatric Gastroenterology & Nutrition (CAPGAN),   Federation of International Societies of Pediatric Hepatology, Gastroenterology and Nutrition (FISPGHAN)
Published: March 2024

AbstractNonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been a commonly used term and diagnosis in paediatric hepatology, gastroenterology, and endocrinology clinics for over 30 years. A multisociety Delphi process has determined a new name “Steatotic Liver Disease” (SLD) as the overarching term for disorders associated with hepatic lipid accumulation. Our Societies give our support to steatotic liver disease as the best overarching term for use in our communities. Metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) overcomes many of the shortcomings of the name NAFLD. Here, we highlight several points of the new nomenclature that are of particular importance for our community and their consequences for implementation including: diagnostic criteria, considering alternate diagnoses, practical implementation, research, advocacy, and education for paediatricians. As with all nomenclature changes, it will take a concerted effort from our paediatric societies to help integrate the optimal use of this into practice.
Innovations in thin‐film electronics for the new generation of displays
Authors: Zeumault Andre , Mendez Jose E. , Brewer John 
Published: March 2024

AbstractToday's display industry faces transistor‐level challenges similar to those of complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) metal‐oxide semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFETs) in the mid‐1990s. Learnings from MOSFETs inform the display industry's response to the limitations of silicon‐based thin‐film transistors (TFTs). Improvements sustaining Moore's Law drove the need to rethink MOSFET materials and structures. The display industry needs fundamental innovation at the device level. New thin‐film devices enable an inflection point in the use of displays, just as fin field‐effect transistor (FinFET) defined the inflection point in CMOS in the 2000s. This paper outlines two innovations in thin‐film device technology that offers improvement in image quality and power consumption of flat panel displays: amorphous metal gate TFTs (AMeTFTs) and amorphous metal nonlinear resistors (AMNRs). Linked through a single core material set based on mass‐producible, thin‐film amorphous metals, these two innovations create near‐ and long‐term roadmaps simplifying the production of high‐image quality, low‐power consumption displays on glass (now) and plastic (future). In particular, the field‐effect mobility of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) AMeTFTs (55–72 cm2/Vs) exceeds that of IGZO TFTs developed by existing display manufacturers without the need for atomic layer deposition or vertical stacking of heterostructure semiconductor films, making AMeTFTs a natural choice for the new G8.5–G8.7 fabs targeting IGZO backplanes.
Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty improves mental health in patients with single compartment knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Plancher Kevin D. , Briggs Karen K. , Commaroto Sarah , Dotterweich Kathryn , Wang Karina , Petterson Stephanie C. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe purpose of this study was to determine if preoperative mental health status improves following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) in patients with single compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA).MethodsA total of 163 patients underwent UKA [115 (71%) medial, 48 (29%) lateral] (mean age = 65 ± 11) completed preoperative and minimum 2‐year postoperative veterans RAND 12 item health survey (VR‐12) mental component score (MCS). VR‐12 MCS was the primary outcome measure. Secondary measures included VR‐12 physical component summary score (PCS), knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) and KOOS patient acceptable symptom state at the final follow‐up.ResultsThe median VR‐12 MCS improved from 50.5 [interquartile range (IQR): 43.7−56.8] to 55.0 [IQR: 52.3−57.0] (p < 0.001) at a mean follow‐up of 9.5 ± 4 years (range 2−19 years) following UKA. Preoperative VR‐12 MCS was significantly correlated with patients postoperative VR‐12 PCS (ρ = 0.294, p < 0.01), KOOS pain (ρ = 0.201, p = 0.012), KOOS ADL (ρ = 0.243, p = 0.002) and KOOS quality of life (ρ = 0.233, p < 0.01). Sixty‐three (39%) patients improved from low VR‐12 MCS (<50) to normal VR‐12 MCS (≥50). One hundred forty‐two (87%) achieved a normal VR‐12 MCS score (≥50) postoperatively.ConclusionAt a mean of 10‐year follow‐up, patients who underwent UKA for single compartment osteoarthritic knee pain demonstrated significant improvement in mental health scores. UKA resulted in normal mental health in a majority of patients (87%). The resultant improved mental health scores were associated with improved patient pain and activities of daily living.Level of EvidenceLevel III retrospective cohort study.
Almost 79% survival rate at 10‐year follow‐up for the patellofemoral joint arthroplasty: An Italian prosthetic registry study
Authors: Pagano Anna , Agostinone Piero , Alesi Domenico , Caputo Dalila , Neri Maria Pia , Grassi Alberto , Zaffagnini Stefano 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeThe aims of the present study were (1) to evaluate the survival of patellofemoral joint (PFJ) arthroplasty in a large cohort of patients using data obtained from an Italian regional arthroplasty registry and (2) to collect clinical outcomes of a subgroup of patients, with a minimum follow‐up of 4 years. The hypotheses were that PFJ arthroplasty is a procedure that had good survival and clinical outcomes, not inferior to those reported in the literature for primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).MethodsThe Register of Orthopaedic Prosthetic Implants (RIPO) of Emilia‐Romagna (ER) (Italy) database was searched for the inclusion of all PFJ arthroplasties implanted between 2003 and 2019. PFJ arthroplasties were excluded if they were implanted in patients who lived outside of the ER. The survival information was extrapolated from the RIPO considering the partial or total revision of the implant as failure; moreover, a subgroup of patients was contacted and interviewed by telephone to collect clinical outcomes. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. The survival curve was calculated and plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method.ResultsA total of 126 arthroplasties in 114 patients were included in the final analysis (mean age at surgery 60.1 ± 11.5 years old). The main causes of patellofemoral arthroplasty were primary osteoarthritis (88%) and posttraumatic arthritis (7%). The survival was 90.4 ± 30.6 and 78.8 ± 51.5 at 5 and 10 years of follow‐up, respectively. At the latest follow‐up, 23 implants failed (18.3%). The main cause of revision was osteoarthrosis progression (34.8%). A total of 44 patients were contacted by telephone to collect clinical outcomes: Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index, functional Knee Society Score, Forgotten Joint Score and Oxford Knee Score. These patients reported good to excellent scores at a medium follow‐up of 10.3 ± 4.7 years.ConclusionsThe PFJ showed good survival and clinical outcomes and could be considered a valuable option for patients affected by isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis.Level of EvidenceLevel IV.
Alterations of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Isolated Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder
Authors: Zheng Yuanchu , Li Yatong , Cai Huihui , Kou Wenyi , Yang Chen , Li Siming , Wang Jiawei , Zhang Ning , Feng Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundAdaptive immune dysfunction may play a crucial role in Parkinson's disease (PD) development. Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (iRBD) represents the prodromal stage of synucleinopathies, including PD. Elucidating the peripheral adaptive immune system is crucial in iRBD, but current knowledge remains limited.ObjectiveThis study aimed to characterize peripheral lymphocyte profiles in iRBD patients compared with healthy control subjects (HCs).MethodsThis cross‐sectional study recruited polysomnography‐confirmed iRBD patients and age‐ and sex‐matched HCs. Venous blood was collected from each participant. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate surface markers and intracellular cytokine production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells.ResultsForty‐four iRBD patients and 36 HCs were included. Compared with HCs, patients with iRBD exhibited significant decreases in absolute counts of total lymphocytes and CD3+ T cells. In terms of T cell subsets, iRBD patients showed higher frequencies and counts of proinflammatory T helper 1 cells and INF‐γ+ CD8+ T cells, along with lower frequencies and counts of anti‐inflammatory T helper 2 cells. A significant increase in the frequency of central memory T cells in CD8+ T cells was also observed in iRBD. Regarding B cells, iRBD patients demonstrated reduced frequencies and counts of double‐negative memory B cells compared with control subjects.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated alterations in the peripheral adaptive immune system in iRBD, specifically in CD4+ and INF‐γ+ CD8+ T cell subsets. An overall shift toward a proinflammatory state of adaptive immunity was already evident in iRBD. These observations might provide insights into the optimal timing for initiating immune interventions in PD. © 2024 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Antineoplastics for treating Alzheimer's disease and dementia: Evidence from preclinical and observational studies
Authors: Das Viswanath , Miller John H. , Alladi Charanraj Goud , Annadurai Narendran , De Sanctis Juan Bautista , Hrubá Lenka , Hajdúch Marián 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAs the world population ages, there will be an increasing need for effective therapies for aging‐associated neurodegenerative disorders, which remain untreatable. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading neurological diseases in the aging population. Current therapeutic approaches to treat this disorder are solely symptomatic, making the need for new molecular entities acting on the causes of the disease extremely urgent. One of the potential solutions is to use compounds that are already in the market. The structures have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and patient data available in several countries. Several drugs have been used successfully to treat diseases different from their original purposes, such as autoimmunity and peripheral inflammation. Herein, we divulge the repurposing of drugs in the area of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of antineoplastics to treat dementia due to AD and dementia. We briefly touch upon the shared pathological mechanism between AD and cancer and drug repurposing strategies, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Next, we bring out the current status of research on the development of drugs, provide supporting evidence from retrospective, clinical, and preclinical studies on antineoplastic use, and bring in new areas, such as repurposing drugs for the prion‐like spreading of pathologies in treating AD.
Low‐sidelobe orbital angular momentum beam for donut‐shaped amplitude‐and‐phase metasurface based on Bayliss synthesis method
Authors: Wang Jing , Ding Haibing , Cai Yang , Song Wenke , Li Sen , Luo Yuanzhe , Xue Qianzhong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this letter, a method for generating low‐sidelobe orbital angular momentum (OAM) beam is presented using a donut‐shaped amplitude and phase metasurface (DS‐APM). Building upon conventional phase‐only metasurface, the Bayliss synthesis method is employed to adjust the amplitude distribution on the metasurface. Thereby, the amplitude and phase metasurface (APM) can reduce the sidelobe level of the OAM beam. Subsequently, considering the Nyquist conditions and momentum constraints, a hollow modification is implemented on the APM array aperture center. The adjustment of the hollow dimension renders the DS‐APM compatible with the corresponding OAM beam mode number. Furthermore, a modified I‐shaped element is proposed, which enables independent modulation of the amplitude and phase of reflected cross‐polarized waves. Utilizing the proposed elements, a DS‐APM applied to generate a second‐order OAM beam operating at 15 GHz was designed, fabricated, and measured. The measurement results align with the full‐wave simulations, thereby validating the rationality of the proposed method.
Lung CT harmonization of paired reconstruction kernel images using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Krishnan Aravind R. , Xu Kaiwen , Li Thomas Z. , Remedios Lucas W. , Sandler Kim L. , Maldonado Fabien , Landman Bennett A. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe kernel used in CT image reconstruction is an important factor that determines the texture of the CT image. Consistency of reconstruction kernel choice is important for quantitative CT‐based assessment as kernel differences can lead to substantial shifts in measurements unrelated to underlying anatomical structures.PurposeIn this study, we investigate kernel harmonization in a multi‐vendor low‐dose CT lung cancer screening cohort and evaluate our approach's validity in quantitative CT‐based assessments.MethodsUsing the National Lung Screening Trial, we identified CT scan pairs of the same sessions with one reconstructed from a soft tissue kernel and one from a hard kernel. In total, 1000 pairs of five different paired kernel types (200 each) were identified. We adopt the pix2pix architecture to train models for kernel conversion. Each model was trained on 100 pairs and evaluated on 100 withheld pairs. A total of 10 models were implemented. We evaluated the efficacy of kernel conversion based on image similarity metrics including root mean squared error (RMSE), peak signal‐to‐noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) as well as the capability of the models to reduce measurement shifts in quantitative emphysema and body composition measurements. Additionally, we study the reproducibility of standard radiomic features for all kernel pairs before and after harmonization.ResultsOur approach effectively converts CT images from one kernel to another in all paired kernel types, as indicated by the reduction in RMSE (p < 0.05) and an increase in the PSNR (p < 0.05) and SSIM (p < 0.05) for both directions of conversion for all pair types. In addition, there is an increase in the agreement for percent emphysema, skeletal muscle area, and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) area for both directions of conversion. Furthermore, radiomic features were reproducible when compared with the ground truth features.ConclusionsKernel conversion using deep learning reduces measurement variation in percent emphysema, muscle area, and SAT area.
Benchmarking machine learning‐based real‐time respiratory signal predictors in 4D SBRT
Authors: Wimmert Lukas , Nielsen Maximilian , Madesta Frederic , Gauer Tobias , Hofmann Christian , Werner Rene 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundStereotactic body radiotherapy of thoracic and abdominal tumors has to account for respiratory intrafractional tumor motion. Commonly, an external breathing signal is continuously acquired that serves as a surrogate of the tumor motion and forms the basis of strategies like breathing‐guided imaging and gated dose delivery. However, due to inherent system latencies, there exists a temporal lag between the acquired respiratory signal and the system response. Respiratory signal prediction models aim to compensate for the time delays and to improve imaging and dose delivery.PurposeThe present study explores and compares six state‐of‐the‐art machine and deep learning‐based prediction models, focusing on real‐time and real‐world applicability. All models and data are provided as open source and data to ensure reproducibility of the results and foster reuse.MethodsThe study was based on 2502 breathing signals ( h) acquired during clinical routine, split into independent training (50%), validation (20%), and test sets (30%). Input signal values were sampled from noisy signals, and the target signal values were selected from corresponding denoised signals. A standard linear prediction model (Linear), two state‐of‐the‐art models in general univariate signal prediction (Dlinear, Xgboost), and three deep learning models (Lstm, Trans‐Enc, Trans‐TSF) were chosen. The prediction performance was evaluated for three different prediction horizons (480, 680, and 920 ms). Moreover, the robustness of the different models when applied to atypical, that is, out‐of‐distribution (OOD) signals, was analyzed.ResultsThe Lstm model achieved the lowest normalized root mean square error for all prediction horizons. The prediction errors only slightly increased for longer horizons. However, a substantial spread of the error values across the test signals was observed. Compared to typical, that is, in‐distribution test signals, the prediction accuracy of all models decreased when applied to OOD signals. The more complex deep learning models Lstm and Trans‐Enc showed the least performance loss, while the performance of simpler models like Linear dropped the most. Except for Trans‐Enc, inference times for the different models allowed for real‐time application.ConclusionThe application of the Lstm model achieved the lowest prediction errors. Simpler prediction filters suffer from limited signal history access, resulting in a drop in performance for OOD signals.
Validity and reliability of the self‐care behaviour scale for patients with left ventricular assist device
Authors: Yoo Hye Jin , Shim JaeLan , Kim Min‐Seok 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAimsTo evaluate the validity and reliability of the self‐care behaviour scale for patients with left ventricular assist devices.DesignMethodological study.MethodsThe English version of the scale was translated into Korean, and it was then back‐translated into English. Survey data were collected from 32 patients with left ventricular assist device in South Korea, and construct validity, content validity and reliability were analysed.ResultsThe original self‐care behaviour scale comprises three domains and 33 items, whereas the Korean self‐care behaviour scale comprises 27 items and five domains: device management, wound management, symptom monitoring, activated healthcare system and self‐care management. Cronbach's alpha for the overall scale was 0.94, and that for the five domains ranged from 0.36 to 0.90. The intraclass correlation coefficient for the overall scale was 0.89, and the five domains ranged from 0.71 to 0.88.ConclusionThe newly evaluated scale would be valid and reliable in measure self‐care behaviour for patients with a left ventricular assist device.Implications for the profession and/or patient carePatients can manage the left ventricular assist device on their own based on evidence and use it as a tool for effective communication with medical professionals.
Application of a stabilizing model predictive controller to path following for a car‐like agricultural robot
Authors: Comelli Román , Olaru Sorin , Seron María M. , Kofman Ernesto 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work addresses the problem of path following for a car‐like agricultural robot by means of a finite control set model predictive control (FCS‐MPC) strategy that considers the control actions in a set composed of a limited amount of elements. Recent results on a stabilizing MPC formulation that replaces the classical control invariant set by a pair of inner‐outer sets are extended to preserve stability properties with different control and prediction horizons and are then used for the aforementioned application. Being particularly simple, the presented approach can explicitly deal with nonlinearities and constraints at the expense of resolution in the vehicle steering system, which in practice does not affect the controller performance as will be shown. In addition to describing the control method, simulations and a comparison with another nonlinear MPC strategy are presented to illustrate the advantages of the proposed scheme.
Frontier Narratives That Take on Flesh: Tracing Legacy, Labour, and Legitimacy in Outback Queensland, Australia
Authors: Brekelmans Alana , Martin Richard J. 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTIn this article, we explore the notion of legacy through the ways graziers in Outback Queensland, Australia, draw on material, narrative, and embodied traces of past ‘events’ to emplot their lives during times of uncertainty. Through an ethnography of pastoral work and storytelling on stations, or ranches, we show how settler‐colonial narratives of the frontier and legacy circulate as affective forces in pastoralists' daily lives and become embodied through labour. We argue that pastoral families respond to both the failure of modernist grand narratives and more personal events by renegotiating stories of the frontier to legitimate their ongoing presence in Outback Australia and give meaning to their lives. While these narratives are existentially useful for pastoralists, we argue that they remain tied to exclusionary and unsustainable structures and ideologies that prevent pastoralists from adjusting to contemporary crises.