bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development and Validation of a 3-D Analytical Fluidic Model in Cartesian Coordinates for a Magnetic Refrigeration Application
Authors: Eustache Julien , Plait Antony , Dubas Frédéric , Glises Raynal 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper focuses on the development and validation of a three-dimensional (3-D) analytical model based on the formal resolution of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in Cartesian coordinates. This analytical fluidic model calculates the evolution of the fluid flow velocity for various pressure gradient shapes (i.e., square, trapezoidal, ramp, triangle, sinusoidal signals, etc.), with or without mean value, using Fourier series. The model can consider square and rectangular channels of any dimensions in terms of height, width, and depth. It allows for the study of different types of fluid flow and geometries. The introduction highlights the significance of analytical modeling, particularly in the context of Magnetic Refrigeration (MR) technologies. The model assumptions and governing equations are presented. The results obtained from the analytical model are validated and show good convergence with those obtained using the COMSOL Multiphysics® software. The comparison demonstrates a high level of agreement between the two models. The analytical model performs well in terms of computation time and accuracy. It will be coupled with an analytical thermic model and used to optimize Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigeration (AMRR) cycles. The ultimate objective is to determine an optimal pressure gradient evolution in order to maximize heat exchange in a regenerator channel.
Procedure for Determining the Upper Bound on Absolute Error for LVDT Sensors
Authors: Szul Lucyna , Tomczyk Krzysztof 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper presents the procedure for determining the upper bound on absolute error (UBAE) for linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) sensors without inter-winding capacitance. This procedure is based on the results of a parametric identification of the sensor, from which the coefficient values of the corresponding transfer function are obtained. The UBAE is then determined by a simulation experiment using dedicated computational software. The error value and the shape of the input signal, which is constrained in magnitude, are determined. The calculations and additional validation of the procedure presented in this article are carried out using the MathCad 5.0 program. As the basis for the proposed procedure, we review issues related to the modelling of LVDT sensors without inter-winding capacitance. The solutions presented here can be used to determine the UBAE, which can then be used to assess the accuracy of these types of sensor and their mutual comparability in terms of dynamic accuracy.
Comparative reliability analysis of electric aircraft versions for NASA’s X-57 based on Lz-transform method
Authors: Gejo S , Kammermann J , Bolvashenkov I , Frenkel I , Herzog Hans-Georg 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
As the goals of air transport shift towards more-electric or all-electric airplanes, different drive train configurations have been explored recently. A major goal on the way towards the inclusion in commercial air traffic is high reliability. One of the experimental electric airplanes is NASA’s X-57 “Maxwell”, which consists of fourteen electric motors powered from a battery pack. The aim of this paper is to assess the reliability of the proposed design of the X-57 by using the Lz-transform approach, as well as to propose several alternative designs to its electric drive train, in order to use less vehicle mass on the motors and more on the battery pack, without sacrificing the original availability and expected performance, with a final goal to increase the flight range. The reliability analyses show that the replacement of X-57’s three-phase motors with six-phase ones greatly improves availability of the electric drive train due to the use of fault-tolerant electric machines. Additionally, all of the further proposed alternative designs have higher availability than the X-57. The alternatives with CHB inverter topologies generally achieved higher availability values and higher expected performance than the B6 variants. Finally, the use of a distributed propulsion system with smaller take-off motors leads to a motor-mass advantage compared to more conventional drive train designs.
Numerical solution of the Schrödinger equation using Neural Networks in Python
Authors: Gkrepis A. , Kosmas O. , Vlachos D. , Kosmas T. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The motion of quantum mechanical systems in physical sciences is described by partial differential equations, usually of second order with respect to spatial coordinates. The required solutions of the time-dependent type of equations are, in general, functions of the temporal variable t and the state vectors determining the positions of the system’s particles at the time t. Only a small number, however of those differential equations can however be solved analytically, while the majority of them must be solved numerically by applying specific very advanced integration techniques. Among these equations, the fundamental Schrödinger equation offers great insight towards numerical solving. In this work we present an effective method that solves numerically the time-independent Schrodinger equation on the basis of neural networks techniques. Analytical and numerical results for the radial part of this equation with the corresponding energies are then compared so as to estimate the performance of our method.
3D Texture Segmentation using Supervised Methods
Authors: Ali Adan Zainab , Soufiane Jouini Mohamed , Hjouj Fawaz 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Supervised learning methods have been widely used for image classification in various fields, including medical and industrial sectors. Some of these methods are traditional and possess certain limitations when addressing complex problems. The most common and effective approaches involve Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), such as U-Net. However, most studies employ CNNs in their 2D structures, which can impose limitations in classifying 3D objects. The purpose of this paper is to propose the utilization of 3D CNNs to potentially enhance the classification of 3D data, particularly X-ray micro-computed tomography images of reservoir rock samples. Our focus is on examining the performance of the 3D U-Net architecture, a supervised classification approach, in segmenting various 3D rock textures.
Assessment of thermal comfort in the modern lecture theater: Kielce University of Technology, Poland - case study
Authors: Krawczyk N , Dębska L , Alzaben H 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This paper investigates student’s thermal comfort in the intelligent building called “Energis” of Kielce University of Technology located in Poland, which is equipped with advanced heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) mechanical systems. One lecture theater is selected for thermal analysis. Analysis was focused on student’s assessment of thermal sensations in the autumn season to determine whether modern intelligent buildings can provide adequate comfort conditions during the European transitional period, which is between summer and winter seasons, when heating system is usually off. This study is based on survey data and experimental measurements of indoor parameters using a microclimate Testo 400 meter. The experimental data indicate that a relatively large proportion of students are not satisfied with indoor environmental air quality prevailing in the intelligent building. The results of this study indicate that only 10% of students reported weak productivity related to indoor environmental conditions in the building. In addition, 52% of students describe their thermal sensations as comfortable and 17% of students are not satisfied with environmental conditions in the lecture room. Therefore, improvements on existing mechanical systems for indoor air quality is recommended. Furthermore, it is recommended to conduct more experimental trials and surveys to confirm the results presented in this paper in different University buildings.
Modeling of finned flat tube heat exchangers and search of Nusselt-Reynolds numbers correlations
Authors: Grekova A , Lysikov A , Solovyeva M , Tokarev M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Using a wind tunnel, a series of model finned flat tube copper radiators was studied. All geometrical parameters of the studied radiators were fixed except for the height of the fin, which was varied in the range from 5 to 20 mm. It was found that the global water-air heat transfer coefficient weakly depends on the water flow rate and significantly depends on the air flow rate. Correlations between the Nusselt and Reynolds numbers for fins with different heights are found. Based on the obtained correlations, a procedure for scaling the heat exchanger, verified experimentally, is proposed. The experiments performed demonstrate the efficiency and time-saving potential of the proposed method for choosing the optimal finned flat tube heat exchanger for adsorption heat conversion systems.
Inverse problem for retrieving greenhouse gas fluxes at the non-uniform underlying surface from measurements of their concentrations at several levels
Authors: Mukhartova I V , Olchev A V , Gibadullin R R , Lukyanenko D V , Makmudova L Sh , Kerimov I A 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The study focuses on the formulation, analysis, and solution of the remote sensing inverse problem to retrieve surface carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes from measurements of CO2 concentrations at different levels within the atmospheric boundary layer. A three-dimensional hydrodynamic model of turbulent greenhouse gas (GHG) transport was used as a forward model to link the surface GHG fluxes to the drone observations of GHG concentrations. The 3D model provides a GHG concentration distribution by solving the diffusion-advection equation using information on wind speed, its direction, and turbulent exchange coefficients. The surface GHG fluxes are considered as a boundary condition. The spatial distributions of wind speed and turbulence coefficient “for a moment in time” are computed from the relaxation problem for the averaged Navier-Stokes and continuity equations, using a 1.5 order closure scheme (E-ω model). The inverse problem is to retrieve a surface GHG flux by minimizing the difference between the measured and modelled concentrations at several levels. The algorithm was applied to estimate CO2 fluxes over a non-uniform forest canopy at the Roshny-Chu experimental site in the foothills of the Greater Caucasus (Chechen Republic). To test the forward numerical problem, data on surface topography, vegetation height and density, spatial distribution of photosynthetically active solar radiation, as well as data on plant photosynthesis and soil CO2 fluxes were used.
Digital Twin of the Photoelectric Converter of the Power Transmission System over Optical Fiber
Authors: Garkushin A. A. , Krishtop V. V. , Storozhev S. A. , Volkhin I. L. , Nifontova E. V. , Urbanovich E. V. , Kustov D.A. , Kadochikov I. V. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The photovoltaic converter (PVC) is a key device in a power-over-fiber system (PoFS). The aim of the work is to create a digital twin (DT) to predict the behaviour of PVC based on their specification data, which is the first step towards creating a universal DT of the entire PoFS. The paper considers the theoretical principles of operation of PVC using the zone theory of solids. A relationship has been established between the theoretical parameters and specification data of real converters. A five-element equivalent circuit of a PVC has been created and a DT in MATLAB Simulink has been developed on its basis. The dependences of the main parameters of the DT on the optical power at the converter input are calculated. Experiments were carried out on an installation with PVC of the YCH-H6424-15-FC-A brand. The optical powers at which all characteristics of the solar cell coincide with an accuracy of 2% are determined. The discrepancy between the calculated and experimental characteristics with increasing optical power is explained by the fact that the current transfer coefficient decreases at high current strength. This phenomenon is substantiated by the zone theory, but is not taken into account in the DT.
Technological ways to improve the efficiency of petrothermal power plants and increase their contribution to electricity generation
Authors: Pashchenko A F 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The contribution of renewable energy sources to the total electricity production in the world is steadily increasing. At the same time, the share of geothermal energy in the overall balance remains unjustifiably insufficient. The prospects for obtaining heat from the earth are limited by a number of technical and technological difficulties, which especially applies to that part of geothermal energy, which is called petrothermal. The article proposes an approach to improve the efficiency of a petrothermal power plant while maintaining the general concept of environmental friendliness.
Data Driven PMV-Comfort and Energy Consumption Control in Common Buildings
Authors: Rassadin Yury , Shushko Nikita 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
HVAC systems are essential in the energy management of commercial buildings. The main goal for HVAC system is to improve productivity of the inhabitants by providing comfortable indoor environment. The most common tool for evaluating comfort is PMV index, non-linear combination of indoor environment state variables. The Paper considers optimization of energy consumption of the building by combining state space expansion and microgrid approach.
On-beam system test of the new readout electronics for the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter upgrade
Authors: Campana Mattia ,   the CMS collaboration
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Starting in 2029, the High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) at CERN is projected to achieve unparalleled instantaneous luminosity (7.5 × 1034 cm-2s-1) for an integrated luminosities of 4500 fb-1. To cope with the extreme conditions of 200 collisions per bunch crossing (pile-up), both on-detector and off-detector electronics of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) will be upgraded. The new system will incorporate a dual-gain trans-impedance amplifier alongside an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) that includes dual 160 MHz ADC channels and features for gain selection and data compression. The lead tungstate crystals and avalanche photodiodes (APDs) will remain in service due to their proven reliability. To counteract the noise amplification in the APDs, attributed to radiation-induced dark currents, the operational temperature of the ECAL will be reduced from 18°C to roughly 9°C. Preliminary tests of these new electronics have yielded promising results. During tests beams at the CERN H4 beamline using an electron beam, the new electronics met both required energy resolution and linearity and achieved a timing resolution of 30 ps for energies above 50 GeV.
Digital processing and BLMASIC control prototype for the Beam Loss Monitor system in the SPS at CERN
Authors: Saccani M. , Effinger E. , Martina F. , Meyer J.M. , Viganò W. , Zamantzas C. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The Beam Loss Monitoring system plays a crucial role in the CERN's Super Proton Synchrotron beam monitoring and machine protection. With the upcoming renovation of the system, the acquisition electronics can be based on an innovative ASIC designed by CERN. This paper presents the development of the control and digital processing electronics for this BLMASIC, reviews the architecture and design choices, discusses implementation details, including the controls and redundancy schemes, and highlights some preliminary results. The conclusion outlines the future development steps, and emphasises the interest of this simple and robust architecture using LpGBT and VTRx for critical systems.
Characterization of the Hamamatsu 8-inch R14688-100 PMT
Authors: Kaptanoglu Tanner , Rincon Ashley , Duce Mackenzie , Kaplan Sawyer , Koplowitz Joseph , Lynch Skipper , Ryoo Hong Joo , Orebi Gann Gabriel 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Large-scale optical neutrino and dark-matter detectors rely
on large-area photomultiplier tubes (PMTs) for cost-effective light
detection. The new R14688-100 8-inch PMT developed by Hamamatsu
provides state-of-the-art timing resolution of around 1 ns (FWHM),
which can help improve vertex reconstruction and enable Cherenkov
and scintillation light separation in scintillation-based
detectors. This PMT also provides excellent charge resolution,
allowing for precision photoelectron counting and improved energy
reconstruction. The Eos experiment is the first large-scale
optical detector to utilize these PMTs. In this manuscript we
present a characterization of the R14688-100 single photoelectron
response, such as the transit-time spreads, the dark-rates, and the
afterpulsing. The single photoelectron response measurements are
performed for the 206 PMTs that will be used in Eos.
Development of a neutron yield measurement system utilizing BF_3 detectors on the HL-3 tokamak
Authors: Wen Zuowei , Yuan Guoliang , Feng Lei , Zhang Jinwen , Zhao Wei 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
A neutron yield measurement system, comprising five BF3
proportional counters with excellent n/γ discrimination
capabilities, has been meticulously developed and implemented on the
HL-3 tokamak to provide time-resolved assessments of neutron
emission rates. The size of moderator, optimized for the flat energy
responses, was skillfully simulated and designed using the MCNP
code. An in-depth analysis of measurement errors stemming from
pile-up phenomena determined that the upper limit of the count rate,
under the current electronics design, is 131 kcps with a relative
error of less than 20%. Drawing from the pulse amplitude spectrum
obtained from a 252Cf neutron source and experimentation on the
HL-3 tokamak, the amplitude threshold for the BF3 neutron
detector systems was judiciously established. Furthermore, it was
conclusively affirmed that the neutron yield measurement system
possesses the capability to effectively discriminate between neutron
and gamma signals. During HL-3 discharges, deuterium-deuterium (DD)
neutrons were reliably detected with a temporal resolution of
10 ms, and the variations in neutron count rates was found to be in
alignment with the neutral beam injection. Ultimately, the total
neutron yield was successfully estimated through the utilization of
count rates from four BF3 detectors, thereby validating the
robust performance of the neutron yield measurement system.
Depth-to-Basement Estimates Using Magnetic Data of the Iraqi Southern Desert: A Statistical Approach
Authors: Al-Bahadily Hayder A. , Al-Rahim Ali M. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Regions characterized by a considerable thickness of sedimentary cover situated on a basement complex are always interesting. These regions require accurate basement data that includes defining the locations of high thicknesses in sedimentary beds (the basins). The Southern Desert of Iraq is one of these regions that is still subject to more detailed studies concerning basement geology. Utilizing the magnetic data, we present five depth-to-basement maps using techniques that hold different theoretical assumptions and model characterizations. Further, we have obtained a sixth map using a statistical approach which is built on the selection of depth-position points that have depths confirmed from the five maps. These points are chosen along depth profiles whenever the depth curves, of the depth-to-basement maps, are met or clustered referring to close depth estimations. The derived map could be more reliable than the other five maps and may be used to suggest drilling boreholes in areas of shallow basement. The minimum estimated depth-to-basement is ~4.5 km. Moreover, the derived map shows the locations and depths of deep sedimentary basins that reach 10 km deep.
Accuracy Assessment of Land Use/Land Cover Indices for Al-Rusafa in Baghdad Governorate by Remote Sensing Technology and GIS
Authors: Haitham Maram , Mustafa Mustafa Tariq , Ismail Alhassan H. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The management and planning of natural and artificial resources depend on accurately monitoring land cover changes. Land cover change mapping and monitoring used to require expensive field surveys. Remote sensing is cheaper and more practical for mapping land use and cover changes. The Tigris River divides the Iraqi capital, Baghdad, into two parts: Karkh and Rusafa. Al-Rusafa was selected as a study area for current research, which has had rapid population and urban growth in recent decades. The current research applies the support vector machine technique to supervised LU/LC maps’ classification into barren regions, water bodies, vegetation cover and built-up regions. Spectral indicators were calculated: Enhanced Vegetation Index, Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, Normalized Built-Up Area Index, Dry Bareness Index in addition to calculating the accuracy assessment and Kappa coefficient. Using the Landsat 9 satellite image, ArcGIS 10.8 and Envi5.3 software were used to analyze and evaluate the results and field points observed by GPS devices. The results showed that the SVM classification algorithm accurately revealed the categories of LU/LC, where the classification accuracy reached 95%, and that the arid lands covered most of the study area 848.864 km2 and water bodies 76.747 km2, the vegetation and the built-up regions 466.459 km2 and 439.077 km2, respectively. The spectral indices showed slightly different areas of barren lands (DBSI 752.589 km2, 93% accuracy), vegetation (EVI 423.651 km2, 96% accuracy), and water bodies (MNDWI 73.187 km2, 98% accuracy) and built-up areas (NBAI 501,731 km2, 90%accuracy). The Support Vector Machine method outperforms other classification methods, and the spectral indicators employed in this work are useful and dependable for extracting each LU/LC category. In conclusion, Landsat 9 satellite data can reliably and swiftly detect ground cover.
Engineering geological map of the riverfront in the old city of Mosul
Authors: Al-Ojar Eman K , Al-Jawadi Azealdeen S , Altarif Abdulsalam M 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The local and central governments focused on the right side of Mosul for urban development, especially after the destruction that occurred during its liberation. The view of the study area on the river and the green spaces on the other side of the river drew the attention of the Municipality of Mosul to develop it into a tourist attraction that reflects the cultural aspect of this ancient city. 26 exploratory boreholes were drilled in the study area, with depths ranging from 10 to 20 meters, and their geotechnical specifications were determined. In this study, the Pearson correlation coefficient was used to identify the parameters that have the greatest influence on the geotechnical specifications of the layers and to classify the engineering classes. Interpolation was used in Arc GIS to compare the distribution of geotechnical properties in the three layers at depths of (3, 6, and 9 m) and to calculate the average values of geotechnical properties from a depth of (1.5 - 9 m). The specifications were classified into five classes using a classification of the different characteristics. Geotechnical maps of the study area were created to show the distribution of engineering properties and their classification into isotropic zones, allowing each application zone to be provided with the appropriate building type. The results revealed that the northwestern part of the area is best suited for towering structures, while the rest of the neighborhoods were considered less suitable.