bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Numerical prediction of a turbulent curved wake and comparison with experimental data
Authors: Mokhtarzadeh‐Dehghan M. R. , Piradeepan N. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNumerical studies of the curved wake of a NACA 0012 airfoil of chord length 0.150 m are presented. The airfoil is placed in air at 10 m/s in the straight section of a duct of 0.457 m × 0.457 m cross‐section followed by a 90° bend with a mean radius‐to‐height ratio of 1.17. The trailing edge is located at one chord length upstream of the bend entry plane. The authors' own measurements are used to define the boundary conditions and for comparison with the predicted results.The numerical models are based on the time‐averaged, three‐dimensional conservation equations of fluid flow, incorporating the k–ε, RNG k–ε, realizable k–ε and the Reynolds stress turbulence models.The results show that the models are capable of predicting the effects of curvature on the wake development. However, quantitative differences between prediction and experiment exist. The results obtained using the Reynolds stress model show better agreement with the experimental data, compared with the k–ε based models, but not consistently for all parameters. There are also better predictions by the RNG k–ε and realizable k–ε models compared with the standard k–ε model. The predicted results using the RNG k–ε are closer to experimental data than the realizable k–ε. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Tumor metastasis in an orthotopic murine model of head and neck cancer: Possible role of TGF‐beta 1 secreted by the tumor cells
Authors: Dasgupta Santanu , Bhattacharya‐Chatterjee Malaya , O'Malley Bert W. , Chatterjee Sunil K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractIn an orthotopic murine model of head and neck cancer, combined subcutaneous and intratumoral vaccination with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing interleukin‐2 (rvv‐IL‐2) induced significant tumor regression early on therapy. However, its efficacy was restricted by recurrent tumor growth and loco‐regional metastases. In this study, we explored the mechanism of tumor metastasis. We compared the levels of expression of a number of molecules involved in tumor metastasis, which included transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1), E‐cadherin, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): MT1‐MMP, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs): TIMP‐1/TIMP‐2, and pro‐angiogenic factors CD31, VEGF‐R2, and iNOS between primary and metastatic tumors by real‐time RT‐PCR and immunohistochemistry. We detected spontaneous lymph node and tongue metastasis. Metastasis was delayed in rvv‐IL‐2 treated mice. Cultured tumor cells expressed negligible amount of TGF‐β1. Untreated or metastatic tumors, on the other hand, expressed high levels of TGF‐β1 and secreted TGF‐β1 in the sera of tumor‐bearing mice. Levels of TGF‐β1 in the sera suddenly jumped at the time when tumor metastasis started. In the metastatic tumors, levels of MT1‐MMP, MMP‐2, and MMP‐9 were significantly elevated (P < 0.001), while levels of TIMP‐1/TIMP‐2 and E‐cadherin were decreased (P < 0.001) compared to control or primary tumors. Levels of CD31, VEGF‐R2, and iNOS were also significantly elevated in the metastatic lesions (P < 0.001). The concurrence of high levels of TGF‐β1 in the sera, expression of proteins involved in metastasis and initiation of metastasis suggested possible role of TGF‐β1 in on setting the metastatic cascade in this model. J. Cell. Biochem. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Hippocalcin increases phospholipase D2 expression through extracellular signal‐regulated kinase activation and lysophosphatidic acid potentiates the hippocalcin‐induced phospholipase D2 expression
Authors: Oh Doo‐Yi , Yon Changsuek , Oh Kyoung‐Jin , Lee Ki Sung , Han Joong‐Soo 
Published: November 2005

AbstractWe have previously isolated a 22 kDa protein from a rat brain which was found to be involved in activating phospholipsae D (PLD), and identified the protein as hippocalcin through sequence analysis. Nevertheless, the function of hippocalcin for PLD activation still remains to be resolved. Here, we proposed that hippocalcin was involved in extracellular signal‐regulated kinase (ERK)‐mediated PLD2 expression. To elucidate a role of hippocalcin, we made hippocalcin transfected NIH3T3 cells and showed that the expression of PLD2 and basal PLD activity were increased in hippocalcin transfected cells. We performed PLD assay with dominant negative PLD2 (DN‐PLD2) and hippocalcin co‐transfected cells. DN‐PLD2 suppressed increase of basal PLD activity in hippocalcin transfected cells, suggesting that increased basal PLD activity is due to PLD2 over‐expression. Hippocalcin is a Ca2+‐binding protein, which is expressed mainly in the hippocampus. Since it is known that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) increases intracellular Ca2+, we investigated the possible role of hippocalcin in the LPA‐induced elevation of intracellular Ca2+. When the intracellular Ca2+ level was increased by LPA, hippocalcin was translocated to the membrane after LPA treatment in hippocalcin transfected cells. In addition, treatment with LPA in hippocalcin transfected cells markedly potentiated PLD2 expression and showed morphological changes of cell shape suggesting that increased PLD2 expression acts as one of the major factors to cause change of cell shape by making altered membrane lipid composition. Hippocalcin‐induced PLD2 expression potentiated by LPA in hippocalcin transfected cells was inhibited by a PI‐PLC inhibitor, U73122 and a chelator of intracellular Ca2+, BAPTA–AM suggesting that activation of hippocalcin caused by increased intracellular Ca2+ is important to induce over‐expression of PLD2. However, downregulation of PKC and treatment of a chelator of extracellular Ca2+, EGTA had little or no effect on the inhibition of hippocalcin‐induced PLD2 expression potentiated by LPA in the hippocalcin transfected cells. Interestingly, when we over‐express hippocalcin, ERK was activated, and treatment with LPA in hippocalcin transfected cells significantly potentiated ERK activation. Specific inhibition of ERK dramatically abolished hippocalcin‐induced PLD2 expression. Taken together, these results suggest for the first time that hippocalcin can induce PLD2 expression and LPA potentiates hippocalcin‐induced PLD2 expression, which is mediated by ERK activation. J. Cell. Biochem. 97: 1052–1065, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Near‐critical carbon dioxide extraction and liquid chromatography determination of UV filters in solid cosmetic samples: A green analytical procedure
Authors: Salvador Amparo , Chisvert Alberto , Jaime Maria‐Angeles 
Published: November 2005

AbstractNear‐critical carbon dioxide extraction of four UV filters used as sunscreens in lipsticks and makeup formulations is reported. Extraction parameters were optimized. Efficient recoveries were obtained after 15 min of dynamic extraction with a 80:20 CO2/ethanol mixture at 300 atm and 54°C, using a 1.8 mL/min flow rate. Extracts were collected in ethanol, and appropriately diluted with ethanol and 1% acetic acid to obtain a 70:30 v/v ethanol/1% acetic acid solution. The four UV filters were determined by LC with gradient elution using ethanol/1% acetic acid as mobile phase. The accuracy of the analytical procedure was estimated by comparing the results with those obtained by methods based on classical extraction. The proposed method only requires the use of CO2, ethanol and acetic acid avoiding the use of more toxic organic solvents, thus it could be considered as both operator and environment friendly.
HPLC isolation and NMR structure elucidation of the most prominent octabromo isomer in technical octabromo diphenyl ether
Authors: Gaul Simon , Lehnert Katja , Conrad Jürgen , Vetter Walter 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe major octabromo isomer of technical octabromo diphenyl ether mixture (technical octaBDE) DE‐79 was isolated by RP‐HPLC. Three serially coupled columns (each 250 mm long) enabled a good separation of the target compound from other congeners using 100% ACN as eluent. Approximately 100 μg of the target compound was isolated with a purity of > 90% and investigated by MS for confirmation of the degree of bromination. 1H‐NMR and 2‐D 1H‐13C correlation NMR spectra unequivocally clarified that the octaBDE in question is 2,2′,3,3′,4,4′,6,6′‐octabromodiphenyl ether (BDE 197). Based on annual production rates of technical BDE products (1999/2001), ˜ 380 tons of BDE 197 were annually produced which, on the long term, may enter the environment. Compared with other individual BDE congeners, BDE 197 has the seventh highest application rate. Reductive debromination of BDE 197 can lead to four hepta‐, 15 hexa‐, 23 penta‐, and 28 tetra‐BDE isomers, respectively. This variety includes all known major BDEs of environmental concern (BDE 47, 85, 99, 100, 153, 154, and 183). The identification of BDE 197 in technical octaBDE DE‐79 strongly suggests that research on the environmental fate of BDEs should include this key‐BDE congener.
Two calculations concerning the critical aluminium content in Fe20Cr5Al alloys
Authors: Strehl G. , Beaven P. , Lesage B. , Borchardt G. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAlloys for high temperature applications rely on a protective oxide layer formed by selective oxidation. In Fe20Cr5Al type alloys the useful lifetime is governed by the depletion of aluminium by oxidation down to a critical aluminium content. Following spallation of the oxide scale the bare metal is exposed to air and catastrophic failure due to breakaway oxidation occurs if the aluminium content is too low. In this paper a model for the calculation of the critical aluminium content is presented. Based on Wagner's ideas on selective oxidation in ternary alloys, the critical aluminium content is calculated as that corresponding to the transition between external and internal oxidation. The resulting aluminium contents are temperature dependent and cover the range of values 0 to 3.5 wt.% reported in the literature.In the second part of the paper aluminium depletion profiles in Fe20Cr5Al plates have been calculated assuming a parabolic growth law for the oxidation process. The solution of the differential equation is an extension of the one dimensional solution presented by Whittle and coworkers for chromium depletion in FeCr sheet material, to three dimensions. Because of the increased consumption of aluminium at the corners of the sample, the critical aluminium content is first reached there. Based on the calculation, the reduction in lifetime, due to premature breakaway oxidation at the corners can be estimated.
Life time prediction of old bridges
Authors: Peil U. , Mehdianpour M. , Frenz M. , Scharff R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe prediction of a realistic lifetime and the prolongation of the service life of a structure is an important task to reduce costs of civil engineering structures. The usual theoretical predictions are not very reliable. The prediction model used consists of a load model, a system‐transfer model and a damage model. The results of these sequentially coupled models are usually unreliable, especially the influence of the uncertain load and damage models controls the reliability of the result. A method based on monitoring strategies is presented, which avoids these problems. Expected trends of future traffic are considered. If the remaining life time of existing structures should be assessed, information about the strain time history of the past is needed. It is shown how these data can be generated taking into account the estimated statistics of the load in the past, the dynamic behaviour and the bumpiness of the road. Synthetic time series of the local strains are generated which include the real statistics of the process and cluster effects induced by truck convoys.
Railway fatigue failures: an overview of a long standing problem
Authors: Smith R. A. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractA wide ranging overview of fatigue problems in railway applications is presented. Concentration is focussed on fatigue problems specific to the railway industry, that is, those at or adjacent to the wheel‐rail interface. Consideration of wheels and rails leads to a discussion of the importance of dynamically induced loads. Problems with bearings, axles and suspension components are introduced, before attention is turned to components below rail level. Vehicle body shells and internal fittings and components are discussed, followed by a brief review of infrastructure problems including bridges, signals and electrical supply components. Some reasons why, despite its long history, fatigue is still a problem, are suggested.
Deformation and life assessment of high temperature materials under creep fatigue loading
Authors: Scholz A. , Berger C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe knowledge of mechanical long term behaviour under static and cyclic loading for high temperature components requires methodologies for life assessment in order to employ the full potential of materials. A phenomenological life time prediction concept which was developed for multi‐stage creep fatigue loading demonstrates the applicability of rules for synthesis of stress strain path and relaxation including an internal stress concept, as well as mean stress effects. Further, a creep fatigue interaction concept which was also developed covers a wide range of creep dominant loading as well as fatigue dominant loading.Service‐type experiments conducted at different strain rates and hold times for verification purposes demonstrate the acceptability of life prediction method for variation of conventional 1 %Cr‐steels as well as modern high chromium 9‐10 %Cr‐steels.Generally, the service life of components is influenced by multi‐axial behaviour. Multi‐axial experiments with e.g. notched specimens and with cruciform specimens accompanied by advanced methods for calculation of stress strain path and life time prediction stress conditions are of future interest.
Muscarinic receptor transcript and protein density in hypertrophied and atrophied rat urinary bladder
Authors: Braverman Alan S. , Ruggieri Michael R. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractAimsOur previous studies showed that bladder hypertrophy shifts the muscarinic receptor subtype mediating contraction from M3 towards M2 along with increased M2 and decreased M3 protein concentration. We quantified mRNA for M1 through M5 receptors to determine whether the changes in M2 and M3 protein levels was due to changes in transcription.MethodsBladder hypertrophy was induced by bladder outlet obstruction (BOO), major pelvic ganglion electrocautery (DEN), and major pelvic ganglion decentralization (DEC). Bladder atrophy was induced by ureteral diversion (DIV). Additional groups included denervated and diverted (DEN‐DIV), sham operated (SHAM), and normal (NOR) controls. Transcripts were quantified using a multiplex ribonuclease protection assay (RPA) and receptor protein density was determined by immunoprecipitation. Receptor transcripts were expressed per unit total RNA.ResultsAlthough all five receptor subtype transcripts were detected in all experimental groups, the densities of M1, M4, and M5 were much lower than for the M2 and M3 subtype. There were more M2 receptor transcripts than all the others, consistent with M2 protein determinations. M2 transcripts were significantly increased in DEN and BOO bladders. Surprisingly, M3 transcripts were also significantly increased in BOO. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.98, P < 0.001) between protein density and transcript density for the M2 but not the M3 receptor among the different experimental groups.ConclusionsChanges in mRNA concentration are reflected by changes in protein density for the M2 receptor but not for the M3 receptor. Extrapolation of functional effects from transcript density data is invalid for M3 mediated bladder contractions. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Establishment of a pediatric HSCT program in a public hospital in Chile
Authors: Palma Julia , Mosso Claudio , Paris Claudia , Campbell Myriam , Tong Xin , King Alejandra , Carrion Flavio , Rivera Gaston K. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundIn Chile, survival estimates for pediatric patients with cancer are comparable to those in the United States and Western Europe. Approximately 80% of these patients are treated at government‐supported centers, and an estimated 65% are cured. We reasoned that cure rates could be further improved if transplantation with hematopoietic stem cells were available for patients with chemotherapy‐resistant malignancy.Patients and MethodsPhysicians and nurses were selected to be trained in international centers, and a transplantation unit was developed at Luis Calvo Mackenna Hospital in Santiago. Between October 1999 and December 2003, 59 patients received transplants. Of these, 42 were from HLA‐matched family members and 11 were autologous.ResultsThe 3‐year event‐free survival estimate was 72 ± 10% overall, and it was 81 ± 10% for the subgroup treated with matched related transplants. Peritransplant mortality was 6.6%. The average cost for an allogeneic transplant in our unit was US $50,000.ConclusionsWe are encouraged by this experience as well as by the overall survival rates and hope to expand the program. Our goal is to extend treatment to all children in the country for whom HSCT is indicated, including those who do not have HLA‐identical family donors. Pediatr Blood Cancer © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion, patient‐controlled antiemetic pump for children receiving emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Jones Emma , Koyama Tatsuki , Ho Richard H. , Kuttesch John , Shankar Sadhna , Whitlock James A. , Cartwright Julia , Frangoul Haydar 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundChemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is one of the most distressing side effects of moderately or highly emetogenic chemotherapy. Diphenhydramine, lorazepam, and dexamethasone have been used individually to treat CINV. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and potential efficacy of those drugs administered via a patient controlled pump (BAD pump) to control CINV.ProcedureA retrospective chart review was conducted of all pediatric oncology patients who received the BAD pump. Emetic episodes, doses of rescue medications to treat breakthrough nausea or vomiting, and occurrence of adverse events were recorded. Complete response (CR) was defined as no emesis or rescue medications, partial response (PR) as emesis but no rescue medications, and failure (F) as rescue medications required.ResultsThirty patients received a total of 141 courses. Adverse events occurred in 4.2% of the courses; confusion (n = 2), depressed mood (n = 1), dysphoria (n = 1), agitation (n = 1), and restlessness (n = 1). All side effects resolved after decreasing the infusion rate, and the pump was not discontinued in any patients. Eighteen patients failed conventional prophylaxis and received BAD pump for identical subsequent chemotherapy cycles; they spent more days in CR with BAD pump than without it, 21 versus 45 days (P = .003) respectively. Patients receiving BAD pump had significantly shorter hospital stay with BAD pump than those not receiving it, 68 days versus 76 (P = .046).ConclusionsBAD pump is well tolerated in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy and may be more effective than conventional prophylaxis in controlling CINV in some patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2007;48:330–332. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Proteomic analysis of fibrillin‐rich microfibrils
Authors: Cain Stuart A. , Morgan Amanda , Sherratt Michael J. , Ball Stephen G , Shuttleworth C. Adrian , Kielty Cay M. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractMS has been used to investigate the composition of fibrillin‐rich microfibrils from non‐elastic and elastic tissues, and to compare fibrillin‐1 tryptic fingerprints derived from whole zonules, microfibrils and recombinant fibrillin‐1. In all microfibril preparations, fibrillin‐1 was abundant and the only fibrillin isoform. MAGP‐1 was the only other microfibril‐associated molecule. γ‐Crystallin co‐purified with zonular microfibrils, so this association may contribute to ciliary zonule anchorage to lens. Recombinant fibrillin‐1 tryptic peptides mapped throughout the molecule and included virtually all predicted peptides except for those larger than 4.5 kDa, smaller than 600 Da or post‐translationally modified. In contrast, fewer microfibril tryptic fibrillin‐1 peptides were detected, although they were derived from domains throughout the molecule and included two peptides after the C‐terminal furin processing site. Several microfibril‐derived N‐ and C‐terminal domains never yielded any peptides, while tryptic peptides from other domains yielded numerous peptides, suggesting that some tissue microfibril features are retained after trypsinisation. This first MS analysis of a purified extracellular matrix assembly has provided new insights into microfibril composition and fibrillin‐1 organisation within them.
Rapid protein identification using direct infusion nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Chen Sixue 
Published: November 2005

AbstractCurrent protein identification techniques are largely based on MALDI‐TOF mass fingerprinting and LC‐ESI MS/MS sequence tag analysis. Here we describe an improved method for rapid protein identification that uses direct infusion nanoelectrospray quadrupole time‐of‐flight (nanoESI QTOF) MS. Protein digests were analyzed without LC separation using nanoESI on a QSTAR XL MS/MS system in information dependent data acquisition mode. The protein identification conditions and parameters were extensively evaluated with in‐solution and in‐gel digested protein samples. Rapid identification of proteins was achieved and compared directly to the results obtained on the same samples using nanoflow HPLC‐MS/MS on the QSTAR system. The increased throughput, reproducibility, the high data quality, and the ease of use make the direct infusion system an efficient and affordable technique for protein identification analysis.
Basics of M‐theory
Authors: Miemiec A. , Schnakenburg I. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis is a review article of eleven dimensional supergravity in which we present all necessary calculations, namely the Noether procedure, the equations of motion (without neglecting the fermions), the Killing spinor equation, as well as some simple and less simple supersymmetric solutions to this theory. All calculations are printed in much detail and with explicit comments as to how they were done. Also contained is a simple approach to Clifford algebras to prepare the grounds for the harder calculations in spin space and Fierz identities.
Establishing normal reference ranges for PSA change with age in a population‐based study: The Krimpen study
Authors: Bosch J.L.H.R. , Tilling K. , Bohnen A.M. , Donovan J.L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBACKGROUNDWe aim to establish the normal pattern of prostate specific antigen (PSA) change with age to provide a baseline from which disease progression might be identified in prostate cancer patients included in active surveillance programs.METHODSIn a community‐based study, PSA values were determined at baseline and after 2.1 and 4.2 years in men without prostate cancer. A bivariate multilevel growth curve model was used to estimate the pattern of change of PSA with age.RESULTSThe final model showed that PSA was related to age only. The future PSA of an individual can be predicted based on his age and known history of PSA. The model was also used to calculate PSA doubling time for men with different PSA values at different ages.CONCLUSIONSThis method establishes normal PSA levels by age using PSA history in men without prostate cancer. The model provides baseline data from which disease progression might be detected. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.