bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Recovery of the thyroid function in patients with atrophic hypothyroidism and blocking type TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin
Authors: Okamura Ken , Sato Kaori , Yoshinari Mototaka , Ikenoue Hiroshi , Kuroda Takeo , Nakagawa Mizuho , Tsuji Hiroshi , Washio Masakazu , Fujishima Masatoshi 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The prognosis of atrophic hypothyroidism with blocking type TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin was studied. Among 45 patients (16 males and 29 females) with overt hypothyroidism (serum TSH >40 mU/l) without goitre, thyroid autoantibody to microsomal antigen was positive in 38 or 84.4%, and 4 or 8.9% had TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin, which was shown to be a TSH-stimulation blocking antibody by cAMP production assay using cultured porcine thyroid cells. Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake was low and thyroid hormone replacement therapy was required. Long-term follow up of 2 patients with strongly positive TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin for 2 to 7 years, however, revealed recovery of the thyroid function after steroid therapy or spontaneously with iodide restriction, respectively, correlating with decrease in both TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin and TSH-stimulation blocking antibody activities. Thyroidal radioactive iodine uptake became normal and histological examination of the thyroid in one patient revealed well-preserved thyroid follicles with lymphocytic infiltration. Recovery of thyroid function can be expected with a decrease in TSH-binding inhibitor immunoglobulin activity in atrophic hypothyroidism, which is not necessarily the end stage of chronic thyroiditis.
Effect of adrenalectomy at different pregnancy stages on maternal and fetal serum corticosteroid binding globulin and corticosterone in the rat
Authors: Cohen Alia , Savu Lia , Vranckx Roger , Maya Michelle , Nunez Emmanuel A. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The response of pregnant rat corticosteroid binding globulin to maternal adrenalectomy was studied as a function of the stage of pregnancy. Non-pregnant or pregnant rats were deprived of their adrenal glands during 4 days. In non-pregnant animals, adrenalectomy led to undetectable corticosterone levels and to the doubling of corticosteroid binding globulin. In pregnant rats adrenalectomized at 12 days and studied at 16 days, the serum corticosterone was likewise undetectable and the corticosteroid binding globulin was doubled as compared with pregnant rats of the corresponding age. In contrast, adrenalectomy from day 14 to 18 or from day 16 to 20 did not deplete the maternal serum corticosterone and the corticosteroid binding globulin remained unchanged. Under these conditions neither fetal corticosteroid binding globulin nor fetal corticosterone were modified. However, when the pregnant rats adrenalectomized from day 16 to 20 also received an injection of 30 mg of metyrapone on days 19 and 20 in order to inhibit fetal adrenal secretion, the maternal response was again a depletion of serum corticosterone together with an increase in corticosteroid binding globulin. Under these conditions, the fetus also reacted by a fall of corticosterone and a rise of corticosteroid binding globulin. Our results suggest that the maternal response of corticosteroid binding globulin to adrenalectomy depends on the pregnancy stage inasmuch as it may be influenced by a supply of corticosterone from the fetus during late pregnancy. Moreover, they show that in this late period, fetal corticosteroid binding globulin is regulated independently.
Progesterone regulation of prolactin release from human endometrial stromal cells in culture: Potential bioassay for progestational activity
Authors: Casslén Bertil G. , Siler-Khodr Theresa M. , Harper Michael J. K. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Prolactin was produced by endometrial stromal cells, but not by epithelial cells, in primary culture. Production was stimulated by progesterone in a time and dose (1–1000 nmol/1) dependent way. Stimulation was started one day after plating. The release of prolactin started one day earlier in cultures from luteal phase than proliferative phase endometria. The responsiveness to progesterone declined with time in culture, sooner in luteal than in proliferative phase cultures, but could, at least partly, be maintained by including estradiol (10 nmol/l) in the medium. Lost response to progesterone could be restored by stimulation with estradiol for two days. The results indicate that prolactin synthesis in the endometrium is regulated directly by progesterone, and indirectly by estradiol. We suggest that prolactin production in primary stromal cell cultures could serve as a bioassay for progestational activity of steroid hormones in the human endometrium.
Vasopressin enhances the clearance of β-endorphin immunoreactivity from rat cerebrospinal fluid
Authors: Sweep C. G. J. , Boomkamp Margreet D. , Barna István , Logtenberg A. Willeke , Wiegant Victor M. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The effect of intracerebroventricular (lateral ventricle) administration of arginine8-vasopressin (AVP) on the concentration of β-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid obtained from the cisterna magna was studied in rats. A decrease was observed 5 min following injection of 0.9 fmol AVP. No statistically significant changes were found 5 min after intracerebroventricular treatment of rats with 0.09 or 9 fmol. The decrease induced by 0.9 fmol AVP was of short duration and was found 5 min after treatment but not 10 and 20 min. Desglycinamide9-AVP (0.97 fmol), [pGlu4, Cyt6]-AVP-(4–9) (1.44 fmol), Nα-acetyl-AVP (0.88 fmol), lysine8-vasopressin (0.94 fmol) and oxytocin (1 fmol) when intracerebroventricularly injected did not affect the levels of β-endorphin immunoreactivity in the cerebrospinal fluid 5 min later. This suggests that the intact AVP-(1–9) molecule is required for this effect. Intracerebroventricular pretreatment of rats with the vasopressin V1-receptor antagonist d(CH2)5Tyr(Me)AVP (8.63 fmol) completely blocked the effect of AVP (0.9 fmol). In order to investigate further the underlying mechanism, the effect of AVP on the disappearance from the cerebrospinal fluid of exogenously applied β-endorphin was determined. Following intracerebroventricular injection of 1.46 pmol camel β-endorphin-(1–31), the β-endorphin immunoreactivity levels in the cisternal cerebrospinal fluid increased rapidly, and reached peak values at 10 min. The disappearance of β-endorphin immunoreactivity from the cerebrospinal fluid then followed a biphasic pattern with calculated half-lifes of 28 and 131 min for the initial and the terminal phase, respectively. Treatment of rats with AVP (0.9 fmol; icv) during either phase (10, 30, 55 min following intracerebroventricular administration of 1.46 pmol β-endorphin-(1–31)) significantly enhanced the disappearance of β-endorphin immunoreactivity from the cerebrospinal fluid. The data suggest that vasopressin plays a role in the regulation of β-endorphin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid by modulating clearance mechanisms via V1-receptors in the brain.
Acute effects of cortisone acetate on growth hormone response to growth hormone-releasing hormone in normal adult subjects
Authors: Giustina Andrea , Doga Mauro , Bodini Corrado , Girelli Angela , Legati Fabio , Bossoni Simonetta , Romanelli Giuseppe 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Glucocorticoids have been shown to inhibit GH secretion in normal man when administered in large amounts for several days. The aim of our study was 1. to investigate the acute effects of a single dose of glucocorticoids on GH secretion in normal man; 2. to look at the relationship between the increase in serum cortisol concentration and GH response to the stimuli. Six healthy volunteers received on three occasions in random order an iv injection of GHRH (1–29) NH2, 100 μg, alone or 60 min after oral administration of either 25 or 50 mg of cortisone acetate. Mean stimulated GH levels, GH peak and integrated GH concentration were significantly lower after GHRH plus cortisone 25 mg than after GHRH alone. Mean GH levels at 15 and 30 min after GHRH injection and the peak GH level showed a further decrease after GHRH plus cortisone 50 mg. We conclude that acute administration of pharmacological doses of glucocorticoids is able to inhibit GH response to GHRH, probably through enhancement of endogenous somatostatin release. Moreover, this pharmacological effect of glucocorticoids seems to be dose-dependent and thus directly related to serum cortisol concentrations.
Internalization of calcitonin receptors in primary rat kidney cell cultures
Authors: Schneider H.-G. , Raue F. , Bollenbach N. , Scherübl H. , Ziegler R. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Cultured rat kidney cells possess specific calcitonin receptors and a calcitonin-responsive adenylate cyclase. At 37°C bound 125I-salmon calcitonin becomes increasingly resistant to acid washing. If 125I-salmon calcitonin is removed from the medium after binding, bound hormone decreases over the next 5 h. Monensin, which blocks lysosomal processing, inhibits the decrease of bound hormone. These data indicate that calcitonin receptors are internalized after binding of hormone in kidney cells. Cycloheximide prevents internalization, when it is administered 4 h before 125I-salmon calcitonin binding is studied. Pre-incubation of the cells with 10−7 mol/l unlabelled salmon calcitonin decreases specific binding; recovery of binding needs 48 h to occur. The long time interval for recovery makes it unlikely that calcitonin receptors recycle. This is the first demonstration that normal rat kidney cells internalize calcitonin after binding. It might contribute to the loss of calcitonin bioactivity which is seen after continuous administration.
Erythropoiesis, serum erythropoietin, and serum IGF-I in rats during accelerated growth
Authors: Kurtz Armin , Matter Robert , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Zapf Jürgen 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
In this study we have examined the correlation between activity of erythropoiesis and serum concentrations of erythropoietin and insulin-like growth factor I in male and female rats during accelerated growth (day 30-90). We found that fractional incorporation of iron into newly formed red blood cells was linearily correlated with body weight gain. Total iron incorporation into newly formed red blood cells reflecting total daily red cell formation increased almost linearily between day 25 and 80 after birth in both sexes. While serum erythropoietin concentrations decreased in the time interval investigated (25–120 days), serum IGF-I levels increased in both sexes between day 25 and 55. In this period, individual values of total iron incorporation into red blood cells and serum IGF-I concentrations were linearily correlated. Our observations support the concept that IGF-I rather than erythropoietin modulates erythropoiesis during accelerated growth and thus manages a proportional increase in body mass and oxygen transport capacity.
Biphasic response of rat tibial growth to thyroxine administration
Authors: Ren Song Guang , Huang Ze , Sweet Donald E. , Malozowski Saul , Cassorla Fernando 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
To evaluate the dose-response relationship between thyroxine and tibial growth, 60 male rats age 21 days were rendered hypothyroid by administration of methimazole in the drinking water. Twenty-one days later, the hypothyroid rats were randomly divided into 5 groups which received 0, 2, 8, 32, or 64 μg·kg−1·day−1 of T4 im for 21 days. All animals were sacrificed at age 64 days. Rat tibia were removed for measurement of epiphyseal growth plate width and longitudinal growth rate. Serum T4 and IGF-I levels were determined by RIA. Methimazole therapy significantly decreased serum T4, IGF-I, epiphyseal growth plate width, and longitudinal growth rate compared to controls. Epiphyseal growth plate width gradually increased when T4 was administered at doses from 2 to 32 μg·kg−1·day−1 (271±14, 311±15 and 324±11 μm), and subsequently decreased when T4 was given at a dose of 64 μg·kg−1·day−1 (267±8 μm). A similar profile was observed for longitudinal growth rate and IGF-I. We conclude that rat tibial growth has a biphasic response to exogenous T4 administration, and that the effects of T4 on tibial growth may be mediated through IGF-I secretion.
Growth hormone increases rate of pubertal maturation
Authors: Darendeliler F. , Hindmarsh P. C. , Preece M. A. , Cox L. , Brook C. G. D. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
We have performed a retrospective analysis of the pubertal parameters of 134 children with isolated GH insufficiency on GH treatment and compared them to the standards of Tanner and to a recent longitudinal study of growth and development in the United Kingdom. The age at onset of puberty (13.0 years in boys, 12.1 years in girls) was found to be significantly delayed (Mann-Whitney p<0.001), but duration of puberty (1.5 years in both sexes) was shortened (Kolgomarov-Smirnov p<0.01). Skeletal maturity at the onset of puberty was not advanced excluding this as a contributory factor. There was no association between dose of GH administered and the pubertal parameters. The results suggest that GH accelerates the pubertal process.
Neurohypophysial secretion to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and its regulation by endogenous opioids in women
Authors: Johnson Mark R. , Bower Mark , Seck Jonathan R. , Lightman Stafford L. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In animals, there is sexual dimorphism of both neurohypophysial peptide secretion in response to stressful stimuli and to the inhibitory effects of opioids. In men, endogenous opioids inhibit the release of oxytocin when AVP secretion is stimulated by insulin-induced hypoglycemia. We have now investigated the role of endogenous opioids in the AVP and oxytocin response to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in women. Twelve subjects, 6 in the follicular and 6 in the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, were infused on 2 occasions with naloxone (4 mg bolus and 6 mg/h) or saline. Soluble insulin (Human Actrapid®, 0.15 μ/kg, iv) was given and serial blood samples taken. Blood sugar fell significantly (p<0.05) and similarly in all groups. In the follicular phase hypoglycemia led to a rise in plasma AVP from 1.3 ± 0.2 to 1.8 ± 0.2 pmol/l in the saline-infused subjects (NS), and from 1.0 ± 0.1 to 2.0 ± 0.2 pmol/l in the naloxone-infused (p<0.05). AVP rose similarly from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 1.6 ± 0.5 pmol/l (p<0.05) in the luteal phase controls and from 0.8 ± 0.1 to 1.5 ± 0.3 pmol/l (p<0.05) in naloxone-infused subjects in the luteal phase. There were no significant differences between any of these groups. There were no significant changes in plasma oxytocin in any group. We therefore conclude that in women, unlike men, endogenous opioids do not modulate oxytocin or vasopressin release during insulin-induced hypoglycemia.
Effects of D-glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid on the in vitro development of (pre)chondrocytes from embryos of normal and diabetic rats
Authors: Styrud Johan , Eriksson Ulf J. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
In order to elucidate cellular mechanisms causing skeletal malformations in offspring of diabetic rats we studied the incorporation of thymidine and sulphate into embryonic (pre)chondrocytes exposed to increased levels of D-glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid for six days in vitro. The (pre)chondrocytes were prepared from embryos of normal or diabetic rats of a malformation-prone strain or from embryos of normal rats of a non-malformation-prone strain. Diabetic female rats of the former strain are known to produce a high proportion of offspring with mandibular and lumbosacral malformations. Increased β-hydroxybutyric acid caused decreased thymidine incorporation in all types of chondrocytes, and decreased sulphate incorporation in limb bud cells from embryos of normal rats from both strains. Elevated D-glucose levels yielded a slight decrease in thymidine incorporation in mandibular arch cells from embryos of normal rats of the malformation-prone strain, and a marked decrease of both sulphate and thymidine incorporation in mandibular arch cells from embryos of diabetic rats of this strain. The observations suggest that elevated levels of D-glucose or β-hydroxybutyric acid are able to inhibit the differentiation and growth of (pre)chondrocytes and illustrate a selective sensitivity of mandibular arch (pre)chondrocytes to a diabetic environment. The data are compatible with the view that both D-glucose and β-hydroxybutyric acid may cause aberrations in the development of rat mandibular arch chondrocytes, suggesting a role for these compounds in diabetic teratogenesis.
Effects of interleukin 1 alpha on porcine thyroid follicles in suspension culture
Authors: Westermark Kerstin , Nilsson Mikael , Karlsson F. Anders 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
Interleukin 1, a product primarily of activated macrophages, was found to exert both a stimulatory and an inhibitory effect on porcine thyroid follicles in suspension cultures. A stimulatory effect on [125I] iodide incorporation into protein (iodination) was seen in cultures exposed to human recombinant interleukin 1α (20 μg/l) for 1 h and (0.1 or 10 μg/l) for 18 h, whereas an inhibitory effect on iodination of interleukin 1 (10 μg/l) was registered after pre-incubation for 42 h and significant upon stimulation with TSH (200 mU/l). Cyclic AMP levels were stimulated in cells exposed to interleukin 1, however, significantly only after 42 h of pre-incubation, whereas TSH-stimulated cAMP response was inhibited by interleukin 1 already after 18 h of pre-incubation. The lumen of interleukin 1 incubated follicles was highly dilated and surrounded by a flattened epithelium. There were, however, no morphological signs of follicle disintegration or cellular cytotoxicity in the cultures exposed to interleukin 1. The data suggest that interleukin 1 might have a modulating role on thyroid function in autoimmune thyroid diseases associated with activation of intrathyroidal macrophages.
Cold stress during scotophase elicited differential responses in quail pineal, retinal, and serum melatonin levels
Authors: Lee Peter P. N. , Allen Andrée E. , Pang Shiu F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Effects of cold stress during scotophase on pineal, retinal and serum melatonin levels were examined in quails. All experimental subjects were housed under a constant room temperature of 23 ± 2°C and a daily 12 h: 12 h light:dark cycle. After 1 week of adaptation, quails were exposed to 4°C in darkness for 60, 120, 180 and 210 min. Immediately following their respective cold treatments, subjects were sacrificed at mid-dark and pineal, retina and serum samples were collected for melatonin radioimmunoassay. Cold stress during scotophase was found to potentiate melatonin levels in the retinas significantly. Conversely, cold exposures in dark significantly decreased melatonin levels in pineal glands and serum. Such diversified responses might be attributed to tissue specific variations in adrenergic and/or dopaminergic receptors responsible for regulating the synthesis and/or secretory mechanisms of melatonin.
LH and PRL secretion in ovariectomized spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Hashimoto Ryuhei , Arita Jun , Kimura Fukuko 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The pulsatile patterns of LH and PRL secretion, and effects of stress on these patterns were examined in ovariectomized normotensive Wistar, spontaneously hypertensive, and genetically matched normotensive Wistar Kyoto rats. Judged by the overall mean of PRL concentrations, PRL levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats were not different from those in Wistar Kyoto rats, but the pulse amplitudes as well as the overall mean concentrations were significantly greater in both Wistar Kyoto and spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar rats. Increases in PRL release during immobilization stress in spontaneously hypertensive rats occurred earlier than in Wistar rats, but the peak levels were not different between the two animal groups, though significantly lower in Wistar Kyoto rats than in Wistar rats. Overall mean of LH concentrations was higher, but pulse amplitude was smaller in spontaneously hypertensive rats than in Wistar Kyoto rats, and in both groups significantly smaller than in Wistar rats. The decrease in LH release owing to stress was similar in all animal groups. A significant association between LH and PRL peaks was evident in all animals, although the rate of association was lowest in Wistar Kyoto rats. In conclusion, the central nervous system mechanisms for both LH and PRL secretion differ markedly in both spontaneously hypertensive and Wistar Kyoto rats from those in Wistar rats, and no specific difference was found in spontaneously hypertensive rats compared with Wistar Kyoto and Wistar rats as controls.
The effectiveness of external beam radiotherapy for acromegaly is not affected by previous pituitary ablative treatments
Authors: Speirs C. J. , Reed P. I. , Morrison R. , Aber V. , Joplin G. F. 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
Thirty-three acromegalic patients were treated with radiotherapy and followed up for at least 3 years (mean 6 years, range 3 to 12). Seventeen had not had previous pituitary ablative therapy and 16 had. The mean GH level for these two groups before radiotherapy was comparable at 98 and 119 mIU/l. The observed frequency of reaching < 10 mIU/l was 53% and 75% of patients in the two groups, respectively, the mean observed falls in growth hormone level were 81 and 85% of the initial level, and the calculated exponential decline rate of GH level was 72 and 52% per year. Considering all 35 patients, requirement for pituitary hormone replacement therapy increased from 15 patients before radiotherapy to 20 after radiotherapy, being mostly those who had had prior ablative therapies. There were no complications attributable to the radiotherapy treatment. It appears that radiotherapy is equally efficacious whether a prior unsuccessful ablative procedure had been used or not.
Precocious puberty in a boy with a PRL-, LH- and FSH-secreting pituitary tumour: Hormonal and immunocytochemical studies.
Authors: Ambrosi Bruno , Bassetti Monique , Ferrario Riccardo , Medri Gabriella , Giannattasio Giuliana , Faglia Giovanni 
Published: December 2008

Abstract.
The case of a 7-year-old boy affected with precocious puberty and a large intra- and suprasellar pituitary tumour is described. He had hyperprolactinemia and elevated serum LH, FSH and testosterone concentrations. Pre-operative dynamic hormonal studies showed a rise of PRL, LH and FSH levels after TRH (200 μg iv) and a rise of LH and FSH after GnRH (100 μg iv). Dopamine infusion (4 μg · kg−1 · min−1 for 180 min) did not affect gonadotropins and greatly reduced serum PRL. GnRH analogue (buserelin, 0.5 mg sc t.i.d. for 10 days) administration inhibited both LH and FSH, but did not affect PRL concentration. Serum LH and FSH increased after ethinyl-estradiol (0.5 mg orally) administration, and were not affected by bromocriptine (5-7.5 mg/day for 10 days), which decreased serum PRL levels. The patient underwent transfrontal neurosurgery and a large tumour mass was completely removed. Morphological study of the excised tumour, by electron microscope double label immunotechnique, revealed that a large number of tumour cells (70-85%) were positive for PRL, LH and FSH, co-localized in the same secretory granule. After neurosurgery, serum PRL, LH, FSH and testosterone levels fell to within the normal limits. Two months later the patient was well and signs of precocious puberty had partially regressed; hormone levels were in the normal range and MR imaging control did not demonstrate any residual lesion in the sellar region.