bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Effect of food quality, distance and height on thoracic temperature in the stingless beeMelipona panamica
Authors: Nieh James C. , Sánchez Daniel 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARYStingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) can recruit nestmates to good food sources. We present the first data showing that recruiting meliponine foragers at feeders and inside nests regulate their thoracic temperature according to net food profitability. Using infrared thermography, we found that Melipona panamica foragers elevated their thoracic temperature at profitable food sources (higher sucrose concentration, closer to the nest). At food sources, there is an increase of approximately 0.9°C in thoracic temperature (Tth) per 1 mol l–1 increase in sucrose concentration (at 20 m distance from nest: 1 mol l–1 sucrose concentration, Tth=36.6±0.8°C, Ta=31.3±0.5°C; 2.5 mol l–1sucrose concentration, Tth=36.9±0.6°C, Ta=29.9±0.2°C). Inside the nest, the difference between thoracic temperature Tth and ambient air temperature Ta (ΔTnest)decreases by 0.4°C with each 100 m increase in feeder-to-nest distance and increases by 0.1°C per 1 mol l–1 increase in sucrose concentration. The Tth of returning foragers was significantly higher at all tested sucrose concentrations (1.0–2.5 mol l–1 sucrose concentration) and distances (25–437 m) as compared to Ta (at 2.5 mol l–1 sucrose concentration: 25 m distance from nest, intranidal Tth=30.2±1.3°C, Ta=24.8±0.7°C; 437 m distance from nest,intranidal Tth=28.6±1.7°C, Tnest=25.4±1.4°C). For highly profitable food sources (2.5 mol l–1 sucrose concentration and ≤100 m from the nest), forager Tth was slightly higher than that of randomly chosen control bees inside the nest.
Encoding spatial information in the waggle dance
Authors: De Marco Rodrigo , Menzel Randolf 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARYApis mellifera bees execute waggle dances to recruit other bees to desirable food sources. Several components of the waggle dance are correlated with the direction of and the distance to food. Moreover, recruits use the spatial information encoded in the dance to locate the signalled food. However, although dance communication has been studied extensively, little is known about how the dancers combine the compass (direction) and the odometric(distance) information they acquire during the foraging flight. In the present study, we analysed the encoding of spatial information in the waggle dance by manipulating the navigational information provided to dancing bees. To this end, we took advantage of the bees' visually driven odometer. We found that the waggle dance basically encodes information on the distance gauged during the outbound (hive-to-food) flight. However, it does not necessarily refer to a global vector based on path integration of the outbound flight. Whenever the direction connecting the subjective food location and the hive does not match the direction of the global vector, dancers refer to a direction close to that of the shortcut connecting the actual food location and the hive. Moreover, in our experiments, this direction was close to that of the inbound(food-to-hive) flight, indicating that landmark-based information is computed during the inbound flight and that it may strongly affect the encoding of directional information in the waggle dance. Moreover, we found that the bees'experience of the terrain modulates the encoding of spatial information in the waggle dance, suggesting that interactions between path integration and visual landmarks are computed in the context of dance communication.
An updated catalogue of salivary gland transcripts in the adult female mosquito,Anopheles gambiae
Authors: Arcà Bruno , Lombardo Fabrizio , Valenzuela Jesus G. , Francischetti Ivo M. B. , Marinotti Osvaldo , Coluzzi Mario , Ribeiro José M. C. 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARYSalivary glands of blood-sucking arthropods contain a variety of compounds that prevent platelet and clotting functions and modify inflammatory and immunological reactions in the vertebrate host. In mosquitoes, only the adult female takes blood meals, while both sexes take sugar meals. With the recent description of the Anopheles gambiae genome, and with a set of∼3000 expressed sequence tags from a salivary gland cDNA library from adult female mosquitoes, we attempted a comprehensive description of the salivary transcriptome of this most important vector of malaria transmission. In addition to many transcripts associated with housekeeping functions, we found an active transposable element, a set of Wolbachia-like proteins, several transcription factors, including Forkhead, Hairy and doublesex, extracellular matrix components and 71 genes coding for putative secreted proteins. Fourteen of these 71 proteins had matching Edman degradation sequences obtained from SDS-PAGE experiments. Overall, 33 transcripts are reported for the first time as coding for salivary proteins. The tissue and sex specificity of these protein-coding transcripts were analyzed by RT–PCR and microarray experiments for insight into their possible function. Notably, two gene products appeared to be differentially spliced in the adult female salivary glands, whereas 13 contigs matched predicted intronic regions and may include additional alternatively spliced transcripts. Most An. gambiae salivary proteins represent novel protein families of unknown function, potentially coding for pharmacologically or microbiologically active substances. Supplemental data to this work can be found at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/projects/omes/index.html#Ag2.
Bioenergetics and diving activity of internesting leatherback turtlesDermochelys coriaceaat Parque Nacional Marino Las Baulas, Costa Rica
Authors: Wallace Bryan P. , Williams Cassondra L. , Paladino Frank V. , Morreale Stephen J. , Lindstrom R. Todd , Spotila James R. 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARYPhysiology, environment and life history demands interact to influence marine turtle bioenergetics and activity. However, metabolism and diving behavior of free-swimming marine turtles have not been measured simultaneously. Using doubly labeled water, we obtained the first field metabolic rates (FMRs; 0.20–0.74 W kg–1) and water fluxes (16–30% TBW day–1, where TBW=total body water)for free-ranging marine turtles and combined these data with dive information from electronic archival tags to investigate the bioenergetics and diving activity of reproductive adult female leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea. Mean dive durations (7.8±2.4 min (±1 s.d.), bottom times (2.7±0.8 min), and percentage of time spent in water temperatures (Tw) ≤24°C(9.5±5.7%) increased with increasing mean maximum dive depths(22.6±7.1 m; all P≤0.001). The FMRs increased with longer mean dive durations, bottom times and surface intervals and increased time spent in Tw≤24°C (all r2≥0.99). This suggests that low FMRs and activity levels, combined with shuttling between different water temperatures, could allow leatherbacks to avoid overheating while in warm tropical waters. Additionally, internesting leatherback dive durations were consistently shorter than aerobic dive limits calculated from our FMRs (11.7–44.3 min). Our results indicate that internesting female leatherbacks maintained low FMRs and activity levels, thereby spending relatively little energy while active at sea. Future studies should incorporate data on metabolic rate, dive patterns, water temperatures, and body temperatures to develop further the relationship between physiological and life history demands and marine turtle bioenergetics and activity.
The role of UV in crab spider signals: effects on perception by prey and predators
Authors: Heiling Astrid M. , Cheng Ken , Chittka Lars , Goeth Ann , Herberstein Marie E. 
Published: October 2005

SUMMARY
Australian crab spiders Thomisus spectabilis sit on the petals of flowers and ambush prey such as honeybees. White-coloured T. spectabilis reflect in the UV (UV+ spiders) and previous research has shown that their presence, curiously, attracts honeybees to daisies. We applied an UV-absorber (Parsol®) to create UV-absorbing(UV–) spiders that did not reflect any light below 395 nm wavelength. These physical changes of visual signals generated by crab spiders caused honeybees to avoid flowers with UV– spiders on their petals. They also affected the perception of UV– spiders by honeybees and a potential avian predator (blue tits). Compared to UV+ spiders, UV– spiders produced less excitation of the UV-photoreceptors in honeybees and blue tits,which translated into a reduced UV-receptor contrast and a reduced overall colour contrast between UV– spiders and daisy petals. Our results reveal that a clean physical elimination of reflection in the UV range affects perception in predators and prey and ultimately changes the behaviour of prey.
Attitudes and perceptions of registered nurses during and shortly after acute care restructuring in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Way Christine , Gregory Deborah , Baker Norma , Lefort Sandra , Barrett Brendan , Parfrey Patrick 
Published: October 2005

Objectives To monitor changes in registered nurses' perceptions of the impact of seven years of health care restructuring in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL) and to measure the attitudinal and behavioural reactions over four years comparing the St John's region, where hospital aggregation occurred, to other regions of the province. Methods Data were collected on acute care nurses' personal characteristics and perceptions of the importance of reform and its impact on workplace conditions and health care quality in 1995, 1999, 2000 and 2002. Nurses' attitudes and intentions were monitored across three time periods (i.e.1999, 2000 and 2002). Results Perceived workplace conditions and health care quality, as well as attitudes and behaviours were generally negative. However, there was some improvement over time. The temporal sequence of scores suggests that restructuring had an adverse impact on nurses' attitudes. Few significant regional differences were observed. Conclusions Although health services restructuring had an adverse impact on nurses'attitudes, aggregation of hospitals in St John's region was achieved without further deterioration. Provincial wide initiatives are needed to promote more positive work environments and increase the organizational effectiveness.
Health care provider outcomes during and shortly after acute care restructuring in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Way Christine , Gregory Deborah , Doyle Michael , Twells Laurie , Barrett Brendan , Parfrey Patrick 
Published: October 2005

Objectives To monitor changes in human resource indicators during six years of restructuring in Newfoundland and Labrador, and to measure providers’ perceptions of reform impact and attitudinal and behavioural reactions comparing changes in the St John's region, where hospital aggregation occurred, to other regions. Methods Data on human resource indicators from 1995/96 to 2001/02 were obtained and analysed. The Employee Attitude Survey was sent to acute care staff (n=5353) to assess perceptions of reform impact on workplace conditions, work-related attitudes, turnover intentions and personal characteristics. The response rate for 2000 and 2002 was approximately 42% (n=1222 and 1034, respectively). Only respondents to both surveys (n=589) were used in the analysis. Results Increases in average employee and full-time equivalent numbers occurred in the St John's region, despite hospital closure and aggregation. Increases in staff dislocation and turnover were observed, but paid sick hours decreased. Sick leave and overtime costs increased. Although perceived workplace conditions, and attitudes and behaviours were generally negative, there was evidence of improvement over time, especially in St John's. Few significant regional or provider group differences were observed on most study variables. Conclusions Aggregation of hospitals in StJohn's did not lead to a decrease in employee counts, or deterioration in human resource indicators or attitudes. However, province-wide initiatives are needed to promote more positive work environments and increase organizational effectiveness.
Hospital utilization, efficiency and access to care during and shortly after restructuring acute care in Newfoundland and Labrador
Authors: Barrett Brendan , Way Christine , McDonald Jackie , Parfrey Patrick 
Published: October 2005

Objectives Since the 1990s restructuring, including regionalization and downsizing, has largely been driven by a desire for cost containment. Regionalization, hospital closure and changes in management processes occurred in Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada between 1995 and 2000. The objectives of the current study were: to describe trends in the utilization of acute care hospital services by residents of NL during and shortly after restructuring; to examine trends in the efficiency of utilization of acute care beds in the province during the same time frame; and to compare the trends in St John's with the rest of the province, taking account of confounding events, in an attempt to understand the impact of aggregation of hospitals in this region. Methods Hospital discharge and day surgical data were analysed for all facilities in NL from 1995/96 to 2000/01. Analyses were by facility of service and also by region of residence directly standardized to the provincial population for 1996. Efficiency of bed utilization was examined on three occasions by concurrent utilization review using a modified version of the Appropriateness Evaluation Protocol. Trends in the St John's region (where most tertiary services are located and greater aggregation of hospitals occurred) were compared with the rest of the province. Results Admissions declined by 14% in St John's facilities and by 17% elsewhere. Inpatient days fell by 9% in St John's and by 12% elsewhere. Average length of stay and Resource Intensity Weight changed little, apart from a rise in the final study year, with the largest change in St John's. Standardized hospital admission rates declined by 10% and inpatient days by 5.6% for residents of St John's region, and by 16% and 14% respectively for residents of other regions. There was no change over time in the use of day surgery. Efficiency of acute care bed use improved in 2002 in St John's, but was unchanged in other regions. Use of acute care beds by elderly patients for extended stay, or when an alternate level of care would have been appropriate, was greater in St John's with the disparity persisting over time. Waiting time for continuing care in the StJohn's region was unchanged comparing 1995/96 and 1999/00. Conclusions Regionalization in Newfoundland and Labrador facilitated aggregation of hospitals, but did not control the number of front-line workers and, consequently, total acute care expenditure. Expenditure increased significantly between1995 and 2002, at a rate which exceeded the increase in government revenues. The government's ability to pay for acute care will not be achieved unless employee costs are controlled or provincial income increases.
Operations Research at Bell Laboratories through the 1970s: Part II
Authors: Dawson Cree S. , McCallum Charles J. , Murphy R. Bradford , Wolman Eric 
Published: October 2005

This historical account of operations research at Bell Laboratories was drafted in the late 1970s when the authors were part of the Operations Research Center within Bell Laboratories at AT&T; it has not previously appeared in the open literature. We have added a few references to later publications that describe particular aspects of the period covered. Discussions of technological practices and organizational arrangements expressed in the present tense represent a viewpoint of about 1980, before “divestiture” split up the Bell System. A comprehensive table of contents for parts I, II, and III can be found in the Online Collection of the Operations Research Home Page, at www.informs.org/pubs . We describe the work done in the Bell System up to about 1980, mainly at Bell Labs, both in developing the techniques of operations research and in applying them to the telecommunications business. This account does not include military OR or direct support of other federal government activities. Part II covers capacity expansion and operations analysis.
Willingness, Confidence, and Knowledge to Work with Adolescent Sex Offenders: An Evaluation of Training Workshops
Authors: Dadds Mark R. , Smallbone Stephen , Nisbet Ian , Dombrowski Julie 
Published: October 2005

AbstractIncreasing attention is being paid to best practice in mental health sciences. One crucial aspect of this is the extent to which the mental health workforce has the knowledge and skills to implement state-of-the-art interventions. Recently, evidence has indicated that sexual offending often begins in adolescence, can be a persistent disorder when left untreated, and is associated with a range of other mental health problems in the perpetrator and subsequently in victims. A small number of evaluations of treatment programs are appearing but little work has appeared addressing the issue of how the workforce is equipped, or can be trained, to work with this challenging population. In this paper we present data on the effects of training on knowledge, skills, confidence, and willingness, to work with this client group. Trainees were 107 mental health workers who attended training workshops provided throughout Queensland, Australia by the Griffith Adolescent Forensic Assessment and Treatment Centre. Results showed that the measures developed for assessing training effects were change sensitive and valid. Training was associated with increases in self-rated skills, confidence, knowledge, and willingness to work with this population, and these changes were maintained for the follow-up sample.
A Descriptive Model of the Homicide Process
Authors: Cassar Emma , Ward Tony , Thakker Jo 
Published: October 2005

AbstractHomicides are committed by a diverse array of individuals in all sectors of society for many different reasons. Any successful theory of homicide will have sufficient scope to encompass this diversity. Researchers in the fields of drunk driving and sexual offending have developed descriptive theories, using grounded theory approaches, which show promise in outlining the diversity of offence processes in these areas. This study uses a grounded theory approach to develop a descriptive multi-pathway model of the homicide process. The resulting model consists of three distinct phases and provides a fine grained description of the homicide process. A major finding is that individuals vary in terms of their goals, emotional states, degree of planning, and behaviour throughout the different phases of the model. Finally, the clinical and theoretical implications of the study are briefly discussed.
A Longitudinal Study of Developmental Differences in Universal Preventive Intervention for Child Anxiety
Authors: Lock Sally , Barrett Paula M. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThe present paper presents the results of a longitudinal study evaluating the effects of a universal school-based intervention for child anxiety at two developmental stages. The study involved a cohort of 733 children enrolled in grade 6 (n = 336, 45.6%) aged between 9 and 10 years, and grade 9 (n = 401, 54.4%) aged between 14 and 16 years. Participants were allocated to either a school-based cognitive-behavioural intervention or to a monitoring group, and completed standardised measures of anxiety, depression and coping style. Young people identified as “at risk” of an anxiety disorder were assessed for a clinical diagnosis with a structured diagnostic interview. Findings showed universal intervention as potentially successful in reducing symptoms of anxiety and increasing coping skills in children. Primary school children reported the greatest changes in anxiety symptoms, suggesting earlier preventive intervention was potentially more advantageous than later intervention. Developmental differences in anxiety, depression and coping strategies are discussed in addition to the implications and limitations of this study and directions for future research.
Contributions to Rehabilitation from Behavioural Psychology: Then and Now
Authors: Murphy Gregory C. , Young Amanda E. , Reid Katharine 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper analyses the contribution of behaviourally-oriented psychologists to the field of rehabilitation. Following a brief description of the prominent contribution of behavioural psychology in the period 1950—1970, an analysis of the contents of four contemporary North American behaviour therapy and rehabilitation journals suggests that there is currently little behaviourally-oriented rehabilitation research being published, even though rehabilitation settings in North America have provided the most positions of employment for psychologists over the recent past. It is concluded that, locally, Australian behavioural psychologists could make a valuable contribution to the nation's public health effort by increasing their prominence as researchers and practitioners within the field of rehabilitation.
Internet Use in Adulthood: Loneliness, Computer Anxiety and Education
Authors: Matanda Maona , Jenvey Vickii B. , Phillips James G. 
Published: October 2005

AbstractWith the recent exponential increase in Internet use, there are concerns about obstacles to gaining access to this potentially beneficial technology. To understand the psychological factors that might be offering barriers to Internet use, the present study considered age, attitudes towards computers, gender, education and social isolation as potential predictors of Internet usage. A sample of 158 adults completed questionnaires about computer anxiety, loneliness and Internet use. Time spent in activities associated with entertainment, communication, information searches and commerce, and overall time spent on the Internet were analysed using multiple regression. It was difficult to predict overall Internet use, but possible to predict specific categories of use. Better-educated participants were more likely to use the Internet for communication. Men, the young, and the lonely used the Internet more for entertainment. Those with lower computer anxiety used the Internet for information searches, and men were more likely than women to use the Internet for commercial purposes. It is suggested that computer anxiety and education may constrain the use of specific applications but Internet use otherwise follows pre-existing tendencies or interests.
Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) for Atypical Obsessive—Compulsive Disorder: A Case Study
Authors: St Clare Tamsen 
Published: October 2005

AbstractThis paper describes the application of danger ideation reduction therapy (DIRT) to a case of atypical obsessive—compulsive disorder (OCD) with prominent magical ideation. Treatment consisted of eight weekly sessions. It was cognitive in nature, did not include any exposure or response prevention, and was aimed solely at reducing threat expectancy. The treatment components were adapted from the original DIRT package for compulsive washing, and comprised attentional focusing, corrective information, cognitive restructuring and the probability of catastrophe estimation task. At posttreatment, the subject demonstrated normal functioning on all assessment measures, and met Jacobson and Truax's criteria for ‘recovery’ on the MOCI, OCI-R, DASS depression scale and DASS stress scale. The findings provide preliminary support for the effectiveness of DIRT in individuals with atypical OCD symptoms characterised by magical ideation. Implications of these findings are discussed.