bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnitude and laterality of breast cancer risk according to histologic type of atypical hyperplasia
Authors: Collins Laura C. , Baer Heather J. , Tamimi Rulla M. , Connolly James L. , Colditz Graham A. , Schnitt Stuart J. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBACKGROUND.Atypical hyperplasia (AH) in a benign breast biopsy is associated with an increased breast cancer risk. However, the influence of the histologic type of AH on the magnitude and laterality of breast cancer risk is poorly defined.METHODS.The authors conducted a case‐control study of benign breast disease and breast cancer risk nested within the Nurses' Health Study (395 cases, 1610 controls). Benign breast biopsy slides were reviewed and categorized as showing nonproliferative lesions, proliferative lesions without atypia, or AH. Slides that showed AH were categorized further as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) or atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH).RESULTS.The odds ratio (OR) for breast cancer among all women with AH was 4.1 (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 2.9–5.8). However, among premenopausal women, breast cancer risk was higher for women with ALH (OR, 7.3; 95% CI, 3.8–14.2) than for women with ADH (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.0–4.8). Overall, 58.9% of invasive breast cancers that developed in women with AH were in the ipsilateral breast, and the frequency of ipsilateral breast cancer was similar for women with ALH (61.3%) and women with ADH (55.9%; P = .66).CONCLUSIONS.Women with AH in a benign breast biopsy were at a substantially increased risk for the development of breast cancer. Among premenopausal women, the risk appeared to be greater for those with ALH than those with ADH. Because only ≈60% of cancers that develop in women with AH occur in the ipsilateral breast, for the purposes of clinical management, these lesions are viewed best as markers of a generalized (bilateral) increase in breast cancer risk. Cancer 2007. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Neural network model for solving integral equation of acoustic scattering using wavelet basis
Authors: Hesham M. , El‐Gamal M. A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this work, neural networks (NNs) are trained in order to obtain a fast and efficient solution of the integral equation of acoustic scattering. Wavelets sparsification methods are utilized to reduce the NN size and complexity. The non‐uniqueness problem which arises in solving this integral equation at characteristic frequencies can, also, be solved using such network without any additional computational load. Experimental results show excellent agreement between the NN‐based solution and the analytical solution of a spherical scatterer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of symmetric structures using canonical forms
Authors: Kaveh A. , Salimbahrami B. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractCanonical forms are recently employed in eigenproblems of structural mechanics to calculate the eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In this paper, such applications are extended to the static analysis of symmetric structures. In classical approaches the structure is decomposed into substructures and appropriate boundary conditions are then imposed. Here, a systematic method is developed which does not operate directly on the structural model, but rather on the matrices involved in the analysis of the structures. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Electric‐Field‐Driven Deracemization
Authors: Kane Alexander , Shao Ren‐Fan , Maclennan Joseph E. , Wang Lixing , Walba David M. , Clark Noel A. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractWe demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, that it is possible to use an electric field to drive the formation of macroscopic chiral (conglomerate) domains from an initially homogeneous fluid racemate. Field‐induced segregation is exhibited in a fluid smectic liquid‐crystal phase of a racemic mesogen, wherein enantiomerically‐enriched domains are readily identifiable by their chiral electro‐optical response. The sharp field‐generated boundaries that form between opposite‐handed domains broaden by diffusion in the absence of field, but reform rapidly if the field is switched on again, providing unambiguous evidence for the field‐driven physical separation of enantiomers. A mean‐field model successfully describes the steady‐state and the dynamic evolution of conglomerate formation.
Existence condition of state equations of linear active networks over F(z)
Authors: Lu Kai‐Sheng 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIf the physical parameter of each branch of a linear active network is considered to be an independently variable parameter, then it is called a network over the field F(z) of all rational functions in its physical parameters. This paper discusses the existence condition of state equation over F(z) for the active network. The condition depends only on the network structure, and is applied to two examples, which shows that the method is straightforward. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A New Target for Highly Stereoselective Katsuki–Sharpless Epoxidation – One‐Pot Synthesis of C2‐Symmetric 2,2′‐Bioxiranes
Authors: Bilenko Vitaliy , Jiao Haijun , Spannenberg Anke , Fischer Christine , Reinke Helmut , Kösters Jutta , Komarov Igor , Börner Armin 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe double asymmetric Katsuki–Sharpless epoxidation of a conjugated diallyl alcohol affords excellent enantioselectivity (>97 % ee), the product being isolated as the stable p‐nitrobenzoate 5a or tosylate 5b. The optical purities of the chiral epoxides were determined by HPLC on chiral columns, while the molecular structures of compounds 5a and 7 and the absolute configuration of mono‐epoxide 12 were confirmed by X‐ray crystallography. Possible π–π stacking interaction has been evaluated by ab initio calculation.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Spatial Imaging of Cu2+‐Ion Release by Combining Alternating Current and Underpotential Stripping Mode Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy
Authors: Ruhlig Dirk , Schuhmann Wolfgang 
Published: December 2006

AbstractAnodic underpotential stripping voltammetry was integrated into SECM in order to characterize local corrosion of metallic copper deposits on metal surfaces as a model for copper containing alloys. Primarily, the alternating current mode of SECM was applied in an electrolyte of low ionic strength for localizing possible corrosion sites without any perturbation of the corroding surface, e.g., by the presence of any redox mediator. Sequentially, the release of Cu2+‐ions was confirmed and locally visualized at the previously detected electrochemically active sites by means of spatially resolved anodic underpotential stripping voltammetry performed during SECM scanning. Underpotential stripping voltammetry of Cu2+‐ions was performed at a specifically developed 15 μm gold‐coated Pt microelectrode used as SECM tip with a detection limit of 0.15 nM Cu2+ (N=4, RSD=6%) for an accumulation of 45 s at −0.4 V. SECM images of model samples such as copper coated microelectrodes and lacquered metallic copper workpieces demonstrated the feasibility and applicability of combining AC‐ and underpotential stripping mode of SECM for local visualization of Cu2+‐ion release from corroding surfaces.
EOF measurement by detection of a sampling zone with end‐channel amperometry in microchip CE
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Liang , Jiang Li‐Ping , Zhang Jian‐Rong , Zhu Jun‐Jie , Chen Hong‐Yuan 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA simple method for EOF measurement by detection of sampling zones with end‐channel amperometry in microchip CE is developed. This method is based on the principle of the Kohlrausch regulating function (KRF). A dilute electroactive ionic species is added to the BGE as a continuously eluting electrophore which is used as a probe. When a BGE‐like sample at a different concentration is injected, a peak of sampling zone appears and the migration time is related to EOF. In a microchip CE with hybrid PDMS/glass channel, a cathodic EOF of the hybrid glass/PDMS microchip was measured by end‐channel amperometry; the effects of sample concentration and different probes on EOF rate were discussed. The present method was applied to monitor EOF rates in glass and in PDMS microchips. There was no significant difference between the values of EOF rates measured by the present method and the current‐monitoring method. Detection of nonelectroactive analytes K+, Na+, and Li+ can also be accomplished by the indirect amperometric method. Hence, the effective mobility of analyte can be accurately obtained.
A fast and reliable route integrating calibration and analysis protocols for water‐soluble vitamin determination on microchip‐electrochemistry platforms
Authors: Crevillén Agustín González , Blasco Antonio Javier , González María Cristina , Escarpa Alberto 
Published: December 2006

AbstractA novel analytical route to determine water‐soluble vitamins (B group and C) using single channel microchip‐electrochemistry platforms is presented. The electrochemical detection protocol was carefully optimized, and it was shown that it was crucial to use 1 M nitric acid in the detector compartment to detect folic acid. A phosphate buffer (pH 6, 10 mM) and a separation voltage of 2 kV gave the complete separation of vitamins in less than 130 s, with good reproducibility (RSDs less than 10%) and accuracy (error less than 9%). In addition, a methodological innovation integrating calibration and analysis of water‐soluble vitamins on the chip is also proposed. The strategy consisted in sequentially using both reservoirs (named calibration and analysis reservoirs) as well as a calibration factor (defined as signal/concentration of analyte). The analytical route required 350 s in the overall protocol (employing 130 s in calibration plus 130 s in analysis), an improvement over the times used in both conventional and microchip protocols.
Binge eating tendencies and anger coping: investigating the confound of trait neuroticism in a non‐clinical sample
Authors: Connolly Anne M. , Rieger Elizabeth , Caterson Ian 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveBinge eating has been found to be associated with anger suppression. However, the anger suppression measure used in previous research is highly saturated with trait neuroticism. Furthermore, the dichotomised view of anger coping as either ‘in’ or ‘out’ has been questioned. The present study investigated the influence of trait neuroticism on the relationship between binge eating and anger suppression. In addition, a broader measure of anger coping was utilised.MethodOne hundred forty non‐clinical women completed measures of binge eating, anger coping and trait neuroticism.ResultsAnger suppression, rumination and a lack of assertion (i.e. anger inexpressiveness) were significantly correlated with binge eating tendencies. However, hierarchical regression analyses showed that the anger inexpressiveness measures were not predictive of binge eating tendencies over and above trait neuroticism. Furthermore, the association between anger inexpressiveness and binge eating tendencies was differentially affected by the separate facets of neuroticism.DiscussionResults suggest that the relationship between anger inexpressiveness and binge eating tendencies is partially accounted for by the impulsiveness and depressive affect facets of neuroticism. Previous studies are questioned in light of these findings and areas for further research are considered. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Trend derivatives: Pricing, hedging, and application to executive stock options
Authors: Leippold Markus , Syz Jürg 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBoth institutional and private investors often have only limited flexibility in timing their investment decision. They look for investments that will ideally be independent of the timing decision. In this article, a new class of derivative products whose payoff is linked to the trend of the underlying instrument is introduced. By linking the trend to the payoff, the timing of the decision becomes less important. Therefore, trend derivatives offer some time‐diversification benefits. How trend derivatives are designed and priced is shown. Due to their peculiar features, trend derivatives offer some interesting applications such as executive stock option plans. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:151–186, 2007
Turn‐of‐the‐month and intramonth effects: Explanation from the important macroeconomic news announcements
Authors: Nikkinen Jussi , Sahlström Petri , Äijö Janne 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThis study provides a new and economically plausible explanation for turn‐of‐the‐month and intramonth anomalies. It is suggested that these anomalies arise from clustered information, namely from important macroeconomic news announcements, which are released systematically at a certain point each month. It is verified that both anomalies exist in SP100 returns. However, once the effect of macroeconomic news announcements has been taken into account, these anomalies disappear. A measure is proposed which uses information from option‐implied volatilities to account for the changes in expected risk premium caused by news announcements. This measure is found to capture incompletely the effects of news announcements, which may due to the misreactions observed on the options market or alternative explanations, such as increased liquidity or investors' overreaction resulting in higher realized returns. Consequently, the underlying mechanism remains to some extent inconclusive although the empirical results provide strong support for the macroeconomic news announcement hypothesis. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:105–126, 2007
An empirical analysis of the relationship between hedge ratio and hedging horizon using wavelet analysis
Authors: Lien Donald , Shrestha Keshab 
Published: December 2006

AbstractIn this article, optimal hedge ratios are estimated for different hedging horizons for 23 different futures contracts using wavelet analysis. The wavelet analysis is chosen to avoid the sample reduction problem faced by the conventional methods when applied to non‐overlapping return series. Hedging performance comparisons between the wavelet hedge ratio and error‐correction (EC) hedge ratio indicate that the latter performs better for more contracts for shorter hedging horizons. However, the performance of the wavelet hedge ratio improves with the increase in the length of the hedging horizon. This is true for both within‐sample and out‐of‐sample cases. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:127–150, 2007
A comment on “A hedging deficiency in eurodollar futures”
Authors: Kawaller Ira G. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractProfessor Chance's analysis shows that hedge results from eurodollar futures are imperfect; and he credits the futures contract design as being the source of the error. This comment argues that the unanticipated outcomes that Professor Chance evidences stem not from the design of the contract, but rather from improperly sizing hedge transactions. If appropriately sized hedges are used, perfect hedge outcomes in fact, will follow. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:187–193, 2007
Reply to “A comment on 'A hedging deficiency in eurodollar futures'”
Authors: Chance Don M. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractKawaller's argument that a perfect hedge is possible with eurodollar futures is limited to the notion of a perfect accounting hedge, whereby the time value of money is ignored. In addition, his attempt to show the importance of sizing the hedge merely introduces a change to the problem, leading to a difference in our results that he erroneously believes is a mistake on my part. It is easy to show that his example is driven by an irrelevant distraction. I correct his example and show that had he worked the same problem I worked, he would have worked it the same way I did. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 27:195–201, 2007
Depression and apathy affect functioning in community active subjects with questionable dementia and mild Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lam Linda C. W. , Tam Cindy W. C. , Chiu Helen F. K. , Lui Victor W. C. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractBackgroundThe relationships between apathy, depression and functional impairment in questionable dementia (QD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are complex. This study aimed to explore the interactions between severity of apathy, depression and functional performance; and to investigate the effects of apathy alone, depression alone and coexistence of apathy and depression on the functional performance in subjects with QD and AD.MethodsOne hundred ninety‐five subjects with QD and 96 subjects with mild AD were recruited. Apathy and depression were rated using the Neuropsychiatric Inventory and functional disability was measured using the Disability Assessment for Dementia (DAD).ResultsSeverity of apathy and depression symptoms were associated with poorer functional performance in QD and apathy was associated with poorer functional performance in AD. In QD, subjects with apathy, depression, or coexistence of apathy and depression had poorer functional performance than those with neither apathy nor depression. The coexistence of apathy and depression did not produce more severe functional disability than apathy alone or depression alone. In AD, subjects with apathy had poorer functional performance than those without apathy. Depression in the absence of apathy was not associated with more severe functional disability.ConclusionApathy and depression symptoms are common in the early course of AD. Apathy and depression had different effects on functional performances in the subjects with QD from those with AD. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
QUALIDEM: development and evaluation of a dementia specific quality of life instrument. Scalability, reliability and internal structure
Authors: Ettema Teake P. , Dröes Rose‐Marie , de Lange Jacomine , Mellenbergh Gideon J. , Ribbe Miel W. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractObjectiveTo develop a Quality of Life questionnaire rated by professionals that can be used for people with dementia in different stages of the disease, living in residential settings.MethodDevelopment was performed in two phases: item generation and pilot testing, and a field survey to evaluate the psychometric properties. For unidimensionality we used a non‐parametric model from item response theory: the Mokken scaling model, and computed the corresponding scalability coefficients, using a theory driven strategy.ResultsThe pilot survey resulted in a list of 49 items. The field survey was performed in a sample of 238 people with dementia residing in ten nursing homes. The scalability of the subscales positive affect, negative affect, restless tense behavior, and social relations is strong (0.50 < H < 0.63); for care relationship, positive self image, feeling at home, and having something to do, scalability was moderate (0.40 < H < 0.49), and for social isolation it was weak (H = 0.34). The reliability coefficient Rho (under assumption of double monotonicity) varied from 0.60 for social isolation to 0.90 for positive affect (Cronbach's alpha varied from 0.59 to 0.89). Twenty‐one of 40 items are suited for people with very severe dementia.ConclusionThe QUALIDEM is an easy to administer and sufficiently reliable rating scale that provides a QOL profile of persons with dementia in residential settings. The QUALIDEM can be used for evaluation as well as for research and practice innovation. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fine‐grained bed sediment storage within the main channel systems of the Frome and Piddle catchments, Dorset, UK
Authors: Collins A. L. , Walling D. E. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractLowland permeable catchments in the UK are particularly prone to sedimentation problems, on account of the increased fine sediment loadings generated by recent land‐use change and their stable seasonal hydrological regimes, which are frequently depleted by groundwater abstraction. Fine‐grained sediment storage on the bed of the main channel systems of the Frome (437 km2) and Piddle (183 km2) catchments, Dorset, UK, has been examined at 29 sites using a sediment remobilization technique. Measurements encompassed the period February 2003–July 2004. At individual sites in the Frome, average values ranged between 410 and 2630 g m−2, with an overall mean of 918 g m−2. In the Piddle, the average values for individual sites varied between 260 and 4340 g m−2, with an overall mean of 1580 g m−2. Temporal variations in fine bed sediment storage at each site were appreciable, with the coefficients of variation ranging between 43 and 155% in the Frome and between 33 and 160% in the Piddle. Average reach‐scale specific bed sediment storage increased markedly downstream along each main stem from 2 to 29 t km−1(Frome) and from 4 to 19 t km−1(Piddle). Total fine sediment storage on the channel bed of the Frome varied between 479 t (5 t km−1) and 1694 t (17 t km−1), with a mean of 795 t (7 t km−1), compared with between 371 t (5 t km−1) and 1238 t (14 t km−1) with a mean of 730 t (9 t km−1) in the Piddle. During the study period, fine bed sediment storage was typically equivalent to 18% (Frome) and 57% (Piddle) of the mean annual suspended sediment flux at the study catchment outlets. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A simplified model for estimating field‐scale surface runoff hydrographs
Authors: Morbidelli Renato , Corradini Corrado , Govindaraju Rao S. 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe problem of obtaining field‐scale surface response to rainfall events is complicated by the spatial variability of infiltration characteristics of the soil and rainfall. In this paper, we develop and test a simplified model for generating surface runoff over fields with spatial variation in both rainfall rate and saturated hydraulic conductivities. The model is able to represent the effects of local variation in infiltration, as well as the run‐on effect that controls infiltration of excess water from saturated upstream areas. The effective rainfall excess is routed to the slope outlet using a simplified solution of the kinematic wave approximation. Model results are compared to averaged hydrographs from numerically‐intensive Monte–Carlo simulations for observed and design rainfall events and soil patterns that are typical of Central Italy. The simplified model is found to yield satisfactory results at a relatively small computational expense. A proposal to include a simple channel routing scheme is also presented as a prelude to extend this conceptualization to watershed scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of dust event timing on glacier runoff: sensitivity analysis for a Tibetan glacier
Authors: Fujita Koji 
Published: December 2006

AbstractThe impact of the timing of dust deposition on glacier runoff was evaluated using a glacier mass‐balance model with a newly improved scheme to track a dusted layer in a snow layer of a glacier. The lowering of surface albedo due to the dusted layer appearing leads to a drastic increase of glacier runoff even under the same meteorological conditions. Calculations of seasonal sensitivity, the relationship between dusted date and resulting runoff, have shown that dust deposition during a melting season might cause a drastic mass outflow from a glacier through changing the surface albedo during the melting season. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.