bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Cloning, tissue expression, and inducibility of CYP 3A79 from sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Authors: Vaccaro E. , Salvetti A. , Carratore R. Del , Nencioni S. , Longo V. , Gervasi P. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractMultiple members of the CYP3A subfamily have been identified and intensively studied in mammals as they represent prominent CYP enzymes involved in drug metabolism. Also in fish, some CYP3A genes have been identified by cDNA cloning and immunological techniques, but relatively little is known about their function, distribution, and inducibility. In this study, a novel CYP3A, designated as CYP3A79 was isolated from adult male sea bass, an economically valuable species in fisheries. The sea bass CYP3A79 that was cloned contained an open‐reading frame of 1512 bp that encoded a 504 amino acid protein and shared a high‐sequence identity with medaka, killifish, and trout CYP3As. Interestingly, CYP3A79 also shares five of six substrate recognition sites (SRS) with the SRS of other fish CYP3As, suggesting an evolutionary conservation of the function of these enzymes. In this fish, we also investigated the expression of CYP3A79 and its susceptibility to induction by various compounds including clotrimazole and dehydroepiandrosterone, two strong ligands of zebrafish PXR. The expression of CYP3A79 mRNA was detected by RT‐PCR only in the intestine and liver. The immunoblot analysis by antitrout CYP3A27 confirmed the presence of a CYP3A‐like protein in the microsomes of these tissues, but, in addition, a immunoreactive protein with this antibody was also observed in the heart microsomes, suggesting the presence of other CYP3A isoforms in this fish. Accordingly, the southern blot analysis of genomic DNA indicated that multiple CYP 3As may be present in sea bass. All attempts to induce 6β‐testosterone hydroxylase, as a marker of CYP3A79, by dexametasone, 17β‐estradiol, pregnenolone 16α‐carbonitrile, corticosterone, clotrimazole, and dehydroepiandrosterone failed. On the contrary, the administration of 17β‐estradiol, pregnenolone 16α‐carbonitrile, and corticosterone strongly inhibited this activity and, in parallel, reduced the expression of CYP3A79 transcript. Thus, the sea bass CYP3A79 appears to be resistant to induction, suggesting that this enzyme and likely other CYP3As are regulated differently compared to those of mammals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:32–40, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20153
Galactosamine‐induced hepatotoxic effect and hepatoprotective role of a protein isolated from the herb Cajanus indicus L in vivo
Authors: Manna Prasenjit , Sinha Mahua , Sil Parames C. 
Published: March 2007

Abstractdd(+)‐Galactosamine is a well‐known experimental hepatotoxin. The present study was conducted to determine the protective role of a 43‐kD protein isolated from the leaves of the herb Cajanus indicus L against dd(+)‐galactosamine (GalN) induced liver damage in mice. Both preventive and curative effects of the protein have been investigated in the study. The protein was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 2 mg/kg body weight for 4 days before and after GalN intoxication at a dose of 800 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. The increased activities of serum marker enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase because of GalN administration, were significantly reduced by the protein treatment. The protein also normalized the altered activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione‐S‐transferase as well as the levels of cellular metabolites, reduced glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and total thiols. In addition, the enhanced hepatic lipid peroxidation because of GalN intoxication was also effectively inhibited by the protein treatment. Results suggest that GalN caused hepatic damages via oxidative insult and that the protein provided protection through its antioxidant mechanism. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:13–23, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20154
Hemoperitoneum from ruptured cyst in a hyperstimulated ovary: A sonographic mimic of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Authors: Gunabushanam Gowthaman , Mandal Kavita , Lal Suman 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a case of a ruptured cyst in a hyperstimulated ovary that was initially misinterpreted as ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). A 22‐year‐old woman who was on oral clomiphene citrate for primary infertility presented with pain in the lower abdomen, hypotension, and tachycardia. Sonographic examination revealed multiple cysts in both ovaries and free fluid in the abdomen, and the initial diagnosis was OHSS. However, sonographically guided aspiration of free fluid revealed a hemoperitoneum, and the patient underwent emergent surgery. At laparotomy, an actively bleeding ruptured cyst in a hyperstimulated ovary was found to be the cause of the hemoperitoneum. Radiologists must be familiar with the imaging features of this condition to avoid misdiagnosing it as OHSS, because this could potentially delay urgently required surgery. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
Resistance and pulsatility index increase in capsular branches of testicular artery: Indicator of impaired testicular microcirculation in varicocele?
Authors: Ünsal Alparslan , Turgut Ahmet Tuncay , Taşkin Füsun , Koşar Uğur , Karaman Can Zafer 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPurpose.To evaluate the effect of clinical varicocele on testicular microcirculation using spectral Doppler analysis.Methods.Forty‐nine young and healthy volunteers were enrolled in this prospective study. Varicocele grades were determined according to sonographic parameters. Patients with left‐sided clinical varicocele were classified as the patient group (n = 15), while the remaining patients served as controls (n = 34). Spectral Doppler measurements of testicular arteries (peak systolic/end diastolic velocity, resistance index, pulsatility index) were measured from capsular and intratesticular branches.Results.No statistically significant difference was found between the Doppler parameters obtained from the intratesticular branches of both testes and the capsular branches of the right testis. On the other hand, in left‐sided clinical varicocele cases, the average resistance index (RI) and pulsatility index (PI) of capsular branches of the left testes (RI, 0.68 ± 0.04; PI, 1.22 ± 0.15) were significantly greater than in the control group (RI, 0.64 ± 0.06; PI, 1.07 ± 0.18) (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively).Conclusions.Increased RI and PI of capsular branches of testicular arteries on spectral Doppler examination may be an indicator of impaired testicular microcirculation in patients with clinical varicocele. Further studies addressing the correlations with sperm counts are needed to determine the cut‐off values for these indices. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound, 2007
SLIM: A new method for molecular imaging
Authors: Rück A. , Hülshoff CH. , Kinzler I. , Becker W. , Steiner R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe used spectrally resolved fluorescence lifetime imaging (SLIM) to investigate the mitochondria staining dye rhodamine 123 and binding of DAPI to RNA and DNA in cells. Moreover, different components of the photosensitizer Photofrin were resolved in cell cultures by SLIM. To record lifetime images (τ‐mapping) with spectral resolution we used a laser scanning microscope equipped with a spectrograph, a 16 channel multianode PMT, and multidimensional time‐correlated single photon counting. A Ti:Saphir laser was used for excitation or alternatively a ps diode laser. With this system the time‐ and spectral‐resolved fluorescence characteristics of different fluorophores were investigated in cell cultures. As an example, the mitochondria staining dye rhodamine I23 could be easily distinguished from DAPI, which binds to nucleic acids. Also different binding sites of DAPI could be discriminated. This was proved by the appearance of different lifetime components within different spectral channels. Moreover, we were able to detect monomeric and aggregated forms of Photofrin in cells. Different lifetimes could be attributed to the various compounds. In addition, a detailed analysis of the autofluorescence by SLIM could explain changes of mitochondrial metabolism during Photofrin‐PDT. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rapid hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging
Authors: Beule Pieter De , Owen Dylan M. , Manning Hugh B. , Talbot Clifford B. , Requejo‐Isidro Jose , Dunsby Christopher , Mcginty James , Benninger Richard K.P. , Elson Daniel S. , Munro Ian , John Lever M. , Anand Praveen , Neil Mark A.A. , French Paul M.W. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe report a rapid hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) instrument that exploits high‐speed FLIM technology in a line‐scanning microscope. We demonstrate the acquisition of whole‐field optically sectioned hyperspectral fluorescence lifetime image stacks (with 32 spectral bins) in less than 40 s and illustrate its application to unstained biological tissue. Microsc. Res. Tech., 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Estimating the active metabolic rate (AMR) in fish based on tail beat frequency (TBF) and body mass
Authors: Ohlberger Jan , Staaks Georg , Hölker Franz 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTail beat frequency (TBF) was measured for carp (Cyprinus carpio) and roach (Rutilus rutilus), during steady swimming at five different speeds and for fish of various body masses. A multiple stepwise linear regression analysis resulted in models for the prediction of TBFs depending on swimming speed as an independent variable. Speed explained 72 and 86% of the variance in TBF for carp and roach, respectively. By using these data to predict TBF from speed and substituting values into a model from a previous study that predicts active metabolic rates (AMR) from body mass and swimming speed, we can calculate AMR from only fish mass and TBF. Thus, the derived models can be used to estimate the AMR in fish by measuring TBFs in the field using biotelemetry. The approach presented here is a useful and relatively simple tool for estimating the activity metabolism in free‐swimming fish. In future studies this method should be applied to a larger and more representative sample size to test the applicability and the validity for a broader range of species. J. Exp. Zool. 307A:296–300, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Factors that influence VSV‐G pseudotyping and transduction efficiency of lentiviral vectors—in vitro and in vivo implications
Authors: Farley Daniel C. , Iqball Sharifah , Smith Joanne C. , Miskin James E. , Kingsman Susan M. , Mitrophanous Kyriacos A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPseudotyping viral vectors with vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein (VSV‐G) enables the transduction of an extensive range of cell types from different species. We have discovered two important parameters of the VSV‐G‐pseudotyping phenomenon that relate directly to the transduction potential of lentiviral vectors: (1) the glycosylation status of VSV‐G, and (2) the quantity of glycoprotein associated with virions. We measured production‐cell and virion‐associated quantities of two isoform variants of VSV‐G, which differ in their glycosylation status, VSV‐G1 and VSV‐G2, and assessed the impact of this difference on the efficiency of mammalian cell transduction by lentiviral vectors. The glycosylation of VSV‐G at N336 allowed greater maximal expression of VSV‐G in HEK293T cells, thus facilitating vector pseudotyping. The transduction of primate cell lines was substantially affected (up to 50‐fold) by the degree of VSV‐G1 or VSV‐G2 incorporation, whereas other cell lines, such as D17 (canine), were less sensitive to virion‐associated VSV‐G1/2 quantities. These data indicate that the minimum required concentration of virion‐associated VSV‐G differs substantially between cell species/types. The implications of these data with regard to VSV‐G‐pseudotyped vector production, titration, and use in host‐cell restriction studies, are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and structure‐activity relationships of a series of increasingly hydrophobic cationic steroid lipofection reagents
Authors: Gruneich Jeffrey A. , Diamond Scott L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe use of cholesterol‐based cationic lipids and the ability of glucocorticoids to reduce local inflammatory response to lipoplexes motivated an investigation of structure‐activity relationships for cationic steroids. A one‐step synthetic scheme using iminothiolane was developed to link spermine to the 21‐OH position of steroids via an amidine linkage. Five steroids (cortisol, dexamethasone, corticosterone, 11‐deoxycortisol, and 11‐deoxycorticosterone) with increasing hydrophobicity of the parent steroid (Log Pster from 1.51 to 3.01) were conjugated with spermine, formulated with dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) at DOPE : steroid mole ratios (R) of R = 0.5 to 2, and then complexed with 1 µg enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) plasmid DNA at charge ratios (CR) = 2 to 24 amines per phosphate (0.5 to 6 steroids per phosphate). The resulting 105 different formulations of the cationic steroid series were used to lipofect bovine aortic endothelial cells. Transgene expression data at either 24 or 48 h post‐lipofection for all formulations was collapsed onto master curves when plotted against a single empirical dimensionless parameter, the lipofection index (LI) = CR (Log Pliposome)(Log Pster/|ΔLog P|) [R/(R + 1)] where ΔLog P = Log PDOPE− Log Pster and Log Pliposome is a mole‐weighted average of the DOPE/cationic steroid liposome hydrophobicity. For 7 < LI < 29, the EGFP expression at 24 or 48 h post‐lipofection increased linearly with LI (EGFP ∼0 for LI < 7), but did not increase further for LI > 29, thus providing a predictive design rule based on Log P of the hydrophobic moiety of the cationic steroid lipid. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: Bare knuckle and better technics: trajectories of access to safe water in history and in the global south
Authors: Crow Ben 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBare Knuckle and Better Technics: Trajectories of Access to Safe Water in History and in the Global South. B. Crow. Journal of International Development (19)1: 83–98.The author would like to include the following reference: Nickson A, Franceys R. 2003. Tapping the Market: The Challenge of Institutional Reform in the Urban Water Sector. Palgrave Macmillan: Basingstoke.
Local histogram correction of MRI spatially dependent image pixel intensity nonuniformity
Authors: Decarli C. , Murphy D. G. M. , Teichberg D. , Campbell G. , Sobering G. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractWe describe a computationally straightforward post‐hoc statistical method of correcting spatially dependent image pixel intensity nonuniformity based on differences in local tissue intensity distributions. Pixel intensity domains for the various tissues of the composite image are identified and compared to the distributions of local samples. The nonuniformity correction is calculated as the difference of the local sample median from the composite sample median for the tissue class most represented by the sample. The median was chosen to reduce the effect ers on determining the sample statistic and to allow a sample size small enough to accurately estimate the spatial variance of the image intensity nonuniformity. The method was designed for application to two‐dimensional images. Simulations were used to estimate optimal conditions of local histogram kernel size and to test the accuracy of the method under known spatially dependent nonuniformities. The method was also applied to correct a phantom image and cerebral MRIs from 15 healthy subjects.Results show that the method accurately models simulated spatially dependent image intensity differences. Further analysis of clinical MR data showed that the variance of pixel intensities within the cerebral MRI slices and the variance of slice volumes within individuals were significantly reduced after nonuniformity correction. Improved brain‐cerebrospinal fluid segmentation was also obtained. The method significantly reduced the variance of slice volumes within individuals, whether it was applied to the native images or images edited to remove nonbrain tissues.This statistical method was well behaved under the assumptions and the images tested. The general utility of the method was not determined, but conditions for testing the method under a variety of imaging sequences is discussed. We believe that this algorithm can serve as a method for improving MR image segmentation for clinical and research applications.
Multilevel wavelet‐transform encoding in MRI
Authors: Peters Robert D. , Wood Michael L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper explores an alternative to standard Fourier MRI called wavelet‐transform encoding. Spatially selective radiofrequency (RF) pulses are used to excite slice profiles in the shape of the wavelet‐basis functions of a discrete wavelet transform. Our implementation on a standard commercial whole body MRI system resolves one spatial dimension through wavelet encoding and orthogonal directions through conventional frequency encoding and rectangular‐slice selection. The wavelet transform is described as a method for multiresolution analysis, and we show how a high resolution MR image can be constructed from lower resolution images, representing the approximation and detail structures of the object. A multiple level architecture of the wavelet reconstruction is described, thereby allowing wavelet‐encoded images to be reconstructed through several modes. Multilevel wavelet‐encoded images of a gel phantom are presented that show comparable image quality to Fourier‐encoded images of similar signal‐to‐noise ratio. However, a chemical‐shift artifact is identified with this particular implementation.
Velocity‐encoded, phase‐difference cine MRI measurements of coronary artery flow: Dependence of flow accuracy on the number of cine frames
Authors: Clarke Geoffrey D. , Hundley W. Gregory , McColl Roderick W. , Eckels Robin , Chaney Dorothy Smith Curtis , Li Hong‐Fang , Peshock Ronald M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractPhase‐contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC‐MRI) can be used to produce multiframe cine flow images of the coronary arteries. Accurate coronary flow measurement requires the elimination of respiratory motion artifacts using k‐space segmentation to acquire the data in a single breath‐hold. However, the duration of the breath‐hold is proportional to the number of cine frames. In the present study, the number of cine frames was varied and the accuracies of the coronary flow measurements were assessed using perivascular US. For the range of flows studied (2 ml/min to 147 ml/min), the correlation coefficients for PC‐MRI and US increased (.70–.98) and the limits of agreement improved (±45 ml · min−1 to ± 10 ml · min−1) as the number of cine frames increased from one to six. The results suggest that the accuracy of breath‐hold cine PC‐MRI measurements of coronary artery flow improves as the number of cine frames increases.
Application of a quantitative model to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesions detected by dynamic, gadolinium‐enhanced MRI
Authors: Kelcz Frederick , Santyr Giles E. , Cron Greg O. , Mongin Steven J. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBoth benign and malignant breast lesions may exhibit intense contrast enhancement when imaged using gadolinium‐enhanced MRI. We propose a quantitative approach for fitting dynamic signal intensity (SI) data that may distinguish benign from malignant lesions. We studied 78 lesions in 75 women (18 malignancies, 16 fibroadenomas, and 44 other benign breast lesions) to determine the potential of this model for decreasing false‐positive MR results. Twenty‐eight lesions showed no enhancement; all were benign. One lesion showed a complex pattern not amenable to region‐of‐interest analysis and was considered a false positive. SI versus time data for the remaining 49 lesions were fit to the proposed model. We found that one parameter, M, the normalized slope of the SI enhancement profile evaluated at half the maximal signal intensity, seemed to be highly correlated with malignancy and offered improved discrimination between malignant and benign lesions compared to a previously published two‐point slope method.
Segmentation strategies for breast tumors from dynamic MR images
Authors: Lucas‐Quesada Flora Ann , Sinha Usha , Sinha Shantanu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes two semiautomated methods of segmentation of breast tumors from dynamic MR images obtained subsequent to administration of gadopentate dimeglumine. The first method, based on temporal correlation, generates a similarity map from the dynamic scans in which the value of each pixel is determined by its temporal similarity to a reference region of interest. The second method uses multispectral analysis and generates a feature map from a scatterplot of pixel intensities in the pre‐ and postcontrast images. The segmentation methods were tested on malignant and benign breast lesions in 11 patients with a range of tumor volumes and percentage contrast enhancement. The accuracy of both segmentation techniques and reproducibility of the multispectral method were investigated. A comparison of the two methods established that the temporal correlation method was superior based on accuracy, extent of user interaction, and speed of segmentation.
Hepatic parenchymal hyperperfusion abnormalities detected with multisection dynamic MR imaging: Appearance and interpretation
Authors: Ito Katsuyoshi , Honjo Kazumitsu , Fujita Takeshi , Awaya Hitomi , Matsumoto Tsuneo , Matsunaga Naofumi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOn arterial‐dominant‐phase images in multisection dynamic MR imaging, early‐enhancing areas that are perfusion abnormalities rather than tumor deposit are sometimes encountered. The purpose of this article was to determine the frequency, location, and appearance of these hepatic parenchymal hyperperfusion abnormalities and to discuss possible causes of these abnormalities. Multisection dynamic MR images obtained in 415 patients with suspected hepatobiliary diseases were reviewed for the presence of hyperperfusion abnormalities. A total of 96 hyperperfusion abnormalities were identified in 88 (21%) of 415 patients. They were characterized from their shape, distribution, or location as lobar or segmental (n = 36 [38%]), subsegmental (n = 32 [33%]), or subcapsular (n = 28 [29%]) hyperperfusion abnormalities. Presumable etiologies were considered as follows: (a) compression, obstruction, or ligation of the portal vein; (b) siphoning effect by tumor; (c) aberrent cystic venous drainage; (d) percutaneous ethanol injection; (e) percutaneous needle biopsy; (f) rapid drainage by the subcapsular vein; or (g) cirrhosis or unknown. A significant percentage of patients had hepatic hyperperfusion abnormalities. Familiarity with these hyperperfusion abnormalities on multisection dynamic MR images is important to prevent false‐positive diagnoses.