bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The success rate of I-131 ablation in differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of uptake-related and fixed-dose strategies
Authors: Verkooijen Robbert B T , Verburg Frederik A , van Isselt Johannes W , Lips Cornelis J M , Smit Jan W , Stokkel Marcel P M 
Published: June 2008

IntroductionThe aim of the study was to compare the success rate of an uptake-related ablation protocol in which the dose depends on an I-131 24-h neck uptake measurement and a fixed-dose ablation protocol in which the dose depends on tumour stage.MethodsAll differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients with M0 disease who had undergone (near-) total thyroidectomy followed by I-131 ablation were included. In the uptake-related ablation protocol, 1100 (uptake >10%), 1850 (uptake 5–10%) and 2800 MBq (uptake <5%) were used. In the fixed-dosage ablation strategy, 3700 (T1–3, N0 stage) and 5550 MBq (N1 and/or T4 stage) were applied. We used I-131 uptake on whole-body scintigraphy and thyroglobulin-off values to evaluate the ablation 6–12 months after treatment.ResultsIn the uptake-related ablation protocol, 60 out of 139 (43%) patients were successfully treated versus 111 out of 199 for the fixed-dose ablation protocol (56%) (P=0.022). The differences were not statistically significant for patients with T4 (P=0.581) and/or N1 (P=0.08) disease or for patients with T4N1 tumour stage (P=0.937).ConclusionThe fixed-dose I-131 ablation protocol is more effective in ablation of the thyroid remnant in differentiated thyroid carcinoma patients than an uptake-related ablation protocol. This difference is not observed in patients with a N1 and/or T4 tumour stage.
Hormone-related tumors in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones
Authors: Mueller Andreas , Gooren Louis 
Published: June 2008

ObjectiveTo assess the risk of development of hormone-related tumors in transsexuals receiving treatment with cross-sex hormones.DesignDescription of cases of transsexuals who have developed a hormone-related malignancy observed in their own clinic or reported in the literature. Recommendations for early diagnosis and prevention are presented.MethodsReview of the literature in PubMed.ResultsIn male-to-female transsexuals receiving estrogen administration, lactotroph adenomas, breast cancer, and prostate cancer have been reported. In female-to-male transsexuals receiving treatment with testosterone, a single case of breast carcinoma and several cases of ovarian cancer have been reported. So far endometrial cancer has not been encountered though it remains a potential malignant development.ConclusionsThere are so far only a few cases of hormone-related cancer in transsexuals. There may be an underreporting. The probability of a hormone-related tumor increases with the duration of exposure to cross-sex hormones and the aging of the population of transsexuals.
Deletion of Cd39/Entpd1 Results in Hepatic Insulin Resistance
Authors: Enjyoji Keiichi , Kotani Ko , Thukral Chandrashekar , Blumel Benjamin , Sun Xiaofeng , Wu Yan , Imai Masato , Friedman David , Csizmadia Eva , Bleibel Wissam , Kahn Barbara B. , Robson Simon C. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Extracellular nucleotides are important mediators of inflammatory responses and could also impact metabolic homeostasis. Type 2 purinergic (P2) receptors bind extracellular nucleotides and are expressed by major peripheral tissues responsible for glucose homeostasis. CD39/ENTPD1 is the dominant vascular and immune cell ectoenzyme that hydrolyzes extracellular nucleotides to regulate purinergic signaling.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We have studied Cd39/Entpd1-null mice to determine whether any associated changes in extracellular nucleotide concentrations influence glucose homeostasis.
RESULTS—Cd39/Entpd1-null mice have impaired glucose tolerance and decreased insulin sensitivity with significantly higher plasma insulin levels. Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp studies indicate altered hepatic glucose metabolism. These effects are mimicked in vivo by injection into wild-type mice of either exogenous ATP or an ecto-ATPase inhibitor, ARL-67156, and by exposure of hepatocytes to extracellular nucleotides in vitro. Increased serum interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and tumor necrosis factor-α levels are observed in Cd39/Entpd1-null mice in keeping with a proinflammatory phenotype. Impaired insulin sensitivity is accompanied by increased activation of hepatic c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase/stress-activated protein kinase in Cd39/Entpd1 mice after injection of ATP in vivo. This results in decreased tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate-2 with impeded insulin signaling.
CONCLUSIONS—CD39/Entpd1 is a modulator of extracellular nucleotide signaling and also influences metabolism. Deletion of Cd39/Entpd1 both directly and indirectly impacts insulin regulation and hepatic glucose metabolism. Extracellular nucleotides serve as “metabolokines,” indicating further links between inflammation and associated metabolic derangements.
Effects of a Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, Fluoxetine, on Counterregulatory Responses to Hypoglycemia in Healthy Individuals
Authors: Briscoe Vanessa J. , Ertl Andrew C. , Tate Donna B. , Dawling Sheila , Davis Stephen N. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Hypoglycemia commonly occurs in intensively-treated diabetic patients. Repeated hypoglycemia blunts counterregulatory responses, thereby increasing the risk for further hypoglycemic events. Currently, physiologic approaches to augment counterregulatory responses to hypoglycemia have not been established. Therefore, the specific aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that 6 weeks’ administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine would amplify autonomic nervous system (ANS) and neuroendocrine counterregulatory mechanisms during hypoglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total of 20 healthy (10 male and 10 female) subjects participated in an initial single-step hyperinsulinemic (9 pmol · kg−1 · min−1)-hypoglycemic (means ± SE 2.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l) clamp study and were then randomized to receive 6 weeks’ administration of fluoxetine (n = 14) or identical placebo (n = 6) in a double-blind fashion. After 6 weeks, subjects returned for a second hypoglycemic clamp. Glucose kinetics were determined by three-tritiated glucose, and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) was measured by microneurography.
RESULTS—Despite identical hypoglycemia (2.9 ± 0.1 mmol/l) and insulinemia during all clamp studies, key ANS (epinephrine, norepinephrine, and MSNA but not symptoms), neuroendocrine (cortisol), and metabolic (endogenous glucose production, glycogenolysis, and lipolysis) responses were increased (P &lt; 0.01) following fluoxetine.
CONCLUSIONS—This study demonstrated that 6 weeks’ administration of the SSRI fluoxetine can amplify a wide spectrum of ANS and metabolic counterregulatory responses during hypoglycemia in healthy individuals. These data further suggest that serotonergic transmission may be an important mechanism in modulating sympathetic nervous system drive during hypoglycemia in healthy individuals.
Plasmacytoid Precursor Dendritic Cells From NOD Mice Exhibit Impaired Function
Authors: Huang Yiming , Fugier-Vivier Isabelle J. , Miller Thomas , Elliott Mary J. , Xu Hong , Bozulic Larry D. , Chilton Paula M. , Ildstad Suzanne T. 
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—Plasmacytoid precursor dendritic cell facilitating cells (p-preDC FCs) play a critical role in facilitation of syngeneic and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) engraftment. Here, we evaluated the phenotype and function of CD8+/TCR− FCs from NOD mice.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—The phenotype of CD8+/TCR− FCs was analyzed by flow cytometry using sorted FCs from NOD, NOR, or B6 mice. The function of NOD FCs was evaluated by colony-forming cell (CFC) assay in vitro and syngeneic or allogeneic HSC transplantation in vivo.RESULTS—We report for the first time that NOD FCs are functionally impaired. They fail to facilitate engraftment of syngeneic and allogeneic HSCs in vivo and do not enhance HSC clonogenicity in vitro. NOD FCs contain subpopulations similar to those previously described in B6 FCs, including p-preDC, CD19+, NK1.1+DX5+, and myeloid cells. However, the CD19+ and NK1.1+DX5+ subpopulations are significantly decreased in number in NOD FCs compared with disease-resistant controls. Removal of the CD19+ or NK1.1+DX5+ subpopulations from FCs did not significantly affect facilitation. Notably, Flt3 ligand (FL) treatment of NOD donors expanded FC total in peripheral blood and restored facilitating function in vivo.CONCLUSIONS—These data demonstrate that NOD FCs exhibit significantly impaired function that is reversible, since FL restored production of functional FCs in NOD mice and suggest that FL plays an important role in the regulation and development of FC function. FCs may therefore be linked to diabetes pathogenesis and prevention.
Occupation-Related Differences in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Sánchez-Chaparro Miguel-Angel , Calvo-Bonacho Eva , González-Quintela Arturo , Fernández-Labandera Carlos , Cabrera Martha , Sáinz Juan-Carlos , Fernández-Meseguer Ana , Banegas José R. , Ruilope Luis-Miguel , Valdivielso Pedro , Román-García Javier ,   on behalf of the Ibermutuamur Cardiovascular Risk Assessment (ICARIA) Study Group
Published: June 2008

OBJECTIVE—To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the Spanish working population and determine how the prevalence varies according to occupation and sex.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a cross-sectional study of 259,014 workers (mean age 36.4 years, range [16–74]; 72.9% male) who underwent a routine medical checkup. The Adult Treatment Panel III (2001) definition for metabolic syndrome was used.
RESULTS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 11.6% (95% CI 11.5–11.7) in male subjects and 4.1% (4.0–4.2) in female subjects and increased with age. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varied in the different categories of occupational activity depending on the sex considered. Among female subjects, the age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in blue-collar than in white-collar workers, but this difference was not evident among male workers.
CONCLUSIONS—The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies in the different categories of occupational activity in the Spanish working population. This variation also depends on sex.
Mathematical model of light propagation through liquid crystal display working under real conditions
Authors: Olifierczuk M. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe main aim of our work is to present a theory of light propagation through a liquid crystal display worked out in our University. This theory takes into account real conditions of a display operation such as temporal coherence of light source, interference phenomena, spectral characteristics of refractive coefficients of individual layers and their complex forms, real directions of ordinary and extraordinary wavevectors into each layer, real directions of light polarization into anisotropic or dichroic layers etc. Therefore, our theory can be used to determine optical parameters of a liquid crystal display operating under real or at least quasi-real conditions. Contrary to other theories (e.g., Beremann or geometric optics approximation), this model is characterized by a small number of simplifications. Thus, it can be used to analyse a display operating in special conditions, such as military or out-door applications. In these cases, very high optical parameters (luminance and contrast ratio) aare needed. Application of even small simplifications conducts to significant changes of calculated parameters.
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for Epstein–Barr virus‐associated T/natural killer‐cell lymphoproliferative disease in Japan
Authors: Sato Emiko , Ohga Shouichi , Kuroda Hiroshi , Yoshiba Fumiaki , Nishimura Miki , Nagasawa Masayuki , Inoue Masami , Kawa Keisei 
Published: June 2008

AbstractEpstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated T/NK‐cell lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) has been linked to several different disorders. Its prognosis is generally poor and a treatment strategy has yet to be established. There are reports, however, that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) can cure this disease. To clarify the current situation regarding allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT) for EBV‐associated T/NK‐LPD, a nationwide survey was performed in Japan. Data for 74 patients were collected. There were 42 cases of chronic active EBV infection (CAEBV), 10 cases of EBV‐associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV‐HLH), and 22 cases of EBV‐associated lymphoma/leukemia (EBV‐lymphoma/leukemia). Of those with CAEBV, 54% had the EBV‐infected T‐cell type and 59% with EBV‐lymphoma/leukemia had the EBV‐infected NK‐cell type. Most patients with EBV‐HLH and EBV‐lymphoma/leukemia received allo‐HSCT within 1 year after onset compared to only 14% of patients with CAEBV. The event‐free survival (EFS) rate following allo‐HSCT was 0.561 ± 0.086 for CAEBV, 0.614 ± 0.186 for EBV‐HLH, and 0.309 ± 0.107 for EBV‐lymphoma/leukemia. The EFS of allo‐HSCT with conventional conditioning was 0.488 ± 0.074 and with reduced‐intensity conditioning was 0.563 ± 0.124. Thus, in a substantial number of cases, EBV‐associated T/NK‐LPD can be cured by either allogeneic conventional stem cell transplantation or reduced‐intensity stem cell transplantation. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. Am. J. Hematol., 2008.
Risk of cognitive impairment in female premutation carriers of fragile X premutation: Analysis by means of robust segmented linear regression models
Authors: Mínguez Mónica , Ibáñez Berta , Ribate Maria‐Pilar , Ramos Feliciano , García‐Alegría Eva , Fernández‐Rivas Aránzazu , Ruiz‐Parra Eduardo , Poch Marisa , Alonso Angel , Martinez‐Bouzas Cristina , Beristain Elena , Tejada Maria‐Isabel 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThis report describes a study focused on the relationship between CGG repeat length, FMRP, mRNA levels and cognitive functioning in premutation carriers (PM) carriers of Fragile X Syndrome (FXS). We studied 60 females—43 with PM and 17 with normal (N) alleles—from 25 FXS Spanish families. The Wechsler scales were administered to all subjects and new blood samples and hair roots were taken to study mRNA and FMRP levels. Using lowess curves together with segmented models we showed that within the premutation range, IQ scores tend to decrease when the number of CGG repeats increases and the FMRP values decrease. Furthermore, we discovered cut‐off points in the molecular variables that seem to change the probability of having some cognitive impairment. Specifically, for those PM females in the upper premutation range (CGG ≥ 100) and with FMRP expression < 60% in hair roots, a 10% decrement of FMRP expression represents a significant decrease in IQ scores of about six points, which is more evident for Full‐Scale IQ (P‐value = 0.035) and Performance IQ (P‐value = 0.045) than for Verbal IQ (P‐value = 0.074). On the contrary, we did not find any significant correlation between FMR1 mRNA levels and the IQ scores, probably due to the fact that mRNA levels were measured in blood. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the PM can have some effect on cognitive ability in female carriers, although these effects may be subtle. In these cases, it would be advisable to carry out a hair root analysis of FMRP. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pharmacogenetics of methylphenidate response in attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Association with the dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3)
Authors: Purper‐Ouakil D. , Wohl M. , Orejarena S. , Cortese S. , Boni C. , Asch M. , Mouren M.C. , Gorwood P. 
Published: June 2008

AbstractPharmacogenetic studies investigating the 40‐bp VNTR polymorphism at SLC6A3 and methylphenidate response have shown conflicting results and large differences in study design and efficacy endpoints. Our objective was to investigate the relation between the 3′‐VNTR at SLC6A3 and variability in methylphenidate response in a sample of 141 ADHD children and adolescents, assessed before and after methylphenidate treatment with both clinical and neuropsychological outcome measures. 10‐R homozygotes were significantly overrepresented in the low response group, but no genotype effect was shown in cognitive variables improvement. A meta‐analysis of pharmacogenetic studies with comparable data (responders vs. non‐responders) on a total of 475 subjects showed a significant association between the 10‐10 genotype and low rates of methylphenidate response (mean Odds Ratio = 0.46; 95% CI [0.28–0.76]). Heterogeneity between these studies did not reach a significant level but, as publications with different endpoints were excluded from this meta‐analysis, our results do not rule out a possible influence of study design. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surfactant‐Free Nonaqueous Synthesis of Metal Oxide Nanostructures
Authors: Pinna Nicola , Niederberger Markus 
Published: June 2008

AbstractSurfactant‐free nonaqueous (and/or nonhydrolytic) sol–gel routes constitute one of the most versatile and powerful synthesis methodologies for nanocrystalline metal oxides with high compositional homogeneity and purity. Although the synthesis protocols are particularly simple, involving only metal oxide precursors and common organic solvents, the obtained uniform nanocrystals exhibit an immense variety of sizes and shapes. The small number of reactants in these routes enables the study of the chemical mechanisms involved in metal oxide formation. Nonhydrolytic routes to inorganic nanomaterials that used surfactants as size‐ and shape‐controlling agents have been discussed recently. This Minireview supplements this topic by discussing surfactant‐free processes, which have become a valuable alternative to surfactant‐assisted as well as to traditional aqueous sol–gel chemistry routes.
Synthesis of charged ultrafiltration poly(styrene‐ co‐divinyl benzene) composite membrane
Authors: Sachdeva Sonny , Kumar Anil 
Published: June 2008

AbstractA ceramic supported crosslinked polystyrene composite membrane has been prepared from its monomers using a dual initiator system. The nonionic hydrophobic membrane so prepared has been chemically modified by a low temperature (50°C), single step reaction with chloroacetic acid. The carboxylated membrane has acid functional groups on its surface making it negatively charged and highly hydrophilic in nature. The membranes (unmodified and carboxylated) have been used for the separation of hazardous chromium (VI) salt solution where observed and intrinsic rejection has been studied as a function of pressure and concentration of the feed solution. The intrinsic rejection has been determined by calculating the concentration at the membrane surface (Cm) using Speigler‐Kedam model and osmotic pressure model. The observed rejection for the chemically modified membrane decreases with increasing pressure but the intrinsic rejection is found to be more than 80% for all concentrations in the range of study. The experimental results have been fitted using Space‐Charge model to obtain the membrane wall potential and the membrane surface concentration which are difficult to measure directly. The transport through the membrane capillaries has been described by the two dimensional model using Nernst‐Planck equation for ion transport, Navier‐Stokes equation and Poisson‐Boltzmann equation for the radial distribution of potential. We have then presented a semianalytical series solution to the highly nonlinear Poisson‐Boltzmann equation to reduce the computational time required to solve the set of coupled differential equations. The effective wall potential of the carboxylated membrane was found to be −28.07 mV. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Molecular characterization of a novel patched‐related protein in Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Pastenes Luis , Ibáñez Freddy , Bolatto Carmen , Pavéz Leonardo , Cambiazo Verónica 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe molecular identification and characterization of the patched‐related (ptr) gene and protein in Apis mellifera and Drosophila melanogaster are reported. Ptr proteins are closely related in predicted topology and domain organization to the protein encoded by the Drosophila segment polarity gene patched. Ptrs have 12 potential transmembrane domains arranged in two sets of 1+5 membrane‐spanning segments containing a conserved sterol‐sensing domain (SSD) and functional GxxxD and PPXY motifs. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ptrs belong to a previously uncharacterized class of insect proteins that share a high level of sequence identity. Analysis using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) indicates that ptr gene is preferentially expressed during embryo stages of A. mellifera development; interestingly, this pattern of temporal expression was also observed for the D. melanogaster homologue, suggesting that these proteins might be involved in embryo morphogenesis. To understand Ptr function at the molecular level, we investigated the subcellular distribution of DmPtr. We have shown by biochemical analysis that DmPtr protein is tightly associated with membranes. Consistently, Ptr immunoreactivity appears to be localized at the sites of membrane furrow formation during cellularization of D. melanogaster embryos. These studies indicated that Ptrs belong to a previously uncharacterized class of insect transmembrane proteins that share a high level of sequence identity. Our analysis of ptr gene expression and protein localization suggest that Ptr might fulfil a developmental role by participating in processes that require growth and stabilization of plasma membrane. Arch. Insect Biochem. Physiol. 68:156–170, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seeding density modulates migration and morphology of rabbit chondrocytes cultured in collagen gels
Authors: Khoshfetrat Ali Baradar , Kino‐oka Masahiro , Takezawa Yasunori , Yamamoto Takeyuki , Sugawara Katsura , Taya Masahito 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe cultures of rabbit chondrocytes embedded in collagen gels were conducted to investigate the cell behaviors and consequent architectures of cell aggregation in an early culture phase. The chondrocyte cells seeded at 1.0 × 105 cells/cm3 underwent a transition to spindle‐shaped morphology, and formed the loose aggregates with a starburst shape by means of possible migration and gathering. These aggregates accompanied the poor production of collagen type II, while the cells seeded at 1.6 × 106 cells/cm3 exhibited active proliferation to form the dense aggregates rich in collagen type II. Stereoscopic observation was performed at 5 days to define the migrating cells in terms of a morphology‐relating parameter of sphericity determined for individual cells in the gels. The frequency of migrating cells decreased with increasing seeding density, while the frequency of dividing cells showed the counter trend. The culture seeded at 1.0 × 105 cells/cm3 gave the migrating cell frequency of 0.25, the value of which was 25 times higher than that at 1.6 × 106 cells/cm3. In addition, the analysis of mRNA expression revealed that the chondrocyte cells seeded at 1.0 × 105 cells/cm3 showed appreciable down‐regulation in collagen type II relating to differentiation and up‐regulation in matrix metalloproteinases relating to migration, as compared to the cells seeded at 1.6 × 106 cells/cm3. These data supports the morphological analyses concerning the cell migration and aggregate formation in the cultures with varied seeding densities. It is concluded that the seeding density is an important factor to affect the cell behaviors and architecture of aggregates and thereby to modulate the quality of cultured cartilage. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2009;102: 294–302. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.