bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Relation of cholanate structure to inhibition of14C‐26‐cholesterol oxidation by mitochondria from rat liver
Authors: Inkpen J. A. , Inkpen C. A. , Quackenbush F. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractEight bile acids and 20 of their derivatives, of known purity, were compared for inhibitory effect upon oxidation of cholesterol in vitro by rat liver mitochondria. All inhibited oxidation of14C‐26‐cholesterol; none inhibited oxidation of14C‐1‐octanoate. The α‐mono‐hydroxy‐ and α‐dihydroxycholanic acids were more potent inhibitors than α‐trihydroxycholanic acid and trioxocholanic acid. Most were more potent than their derivatives. In general, the relative inhibitory potency of derivatives was: methyl esters > free alcohols > glycine conjugates > taurine conjugates. Mitochondria from rats subjected to 4 hr alternate light‐dark periods were less susceptible to the inhibitory action of cholanate conjugates than were mitochondria from rats under normal day‐night conditions. These experiments with compounds of known purity show that the hydroxylation pattern is the determining factor in cholanate inhibition of the cholesterol oxidation.
Influence of dietarytrans,trans‐linoleate on hematologic and hemostatic properties of rat blood
Authors: Raccuglia Giovanni , Privett O. S. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractStudies of the comparative effects of a semi‐synthetic diet containing supplements of corn oil, no fat, linolenate ortrans,trans‐linoleate on blood coagulation parameters are reported. In spite of large differences in fatty acid composition of the tissue lipids of the different groups, the only diets that appeared to produce abnormal hematologic and hemostatic properties were those containingtrans,trans‐linoleate. These groups of animals showed significant differences from a control group of animals fed Purina rat chow in platelet and fibrinogen concentration, and values for hematocrit and prothrombin time. A positive fibrinolysin test was also obtained in about 50% of the animals fedtrans,trans‐linoleate.
The polymorphism of odd and even saturated single acid triglycerides, C8–C22
Authors: Lutton E. S. , Fehl A. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe polymorphism of single fatty acid odd triglycerides, C11 through C17 has been reinvestigated, with extension of the study to C9, C19 and C21. With study of the even glycerides C8, C20 and C22 it has been possible to review the whole series (odd and even) C8 through C22. The odd glycerides resemble the even in showing three distinct melting levels. Lowest melting forms are α. Stable forms are β except for C9 and C11 which show a different structure type. Intermediate melting β′ forms of odd glycerides are substantially more stable than their even counterparts as well illustrated by differential thermal analysis. There are no vitreous forms. Alternation in mp (between odd and even) is confirmed for stable phases and nonalternation for α and (within experimental error) for β′. Both β′ and β long spacings show alternation but not α. Alternation is evident in the short spacings of β′ and β forms. While short spacings of β′ forms of even triglycerides are much alike especially for C14 through C22, those of odd glycerides show a fortuitous 4‐carbon cycle. This appears to involve no significant structural variation as chain length increases but simply an approximate 4‐carbon cycle of variation in diffraction details derived from the presumed unvarying 0 ⊥ type subcell structure.
Mevalonate biosynthesis in rat liver
Authors: Fimognari Grace M. , Rodwell Victor W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMevalonate synthesis in rat liver can occur not only from HMG‐CoA utilizing particle‐bound HMG‐CoA reductase, but from malonyl‐CoA utilizing soluble enzymes. From a strictly quantitative standpoint, synthesis from malonyl‐CoA appears to be of minor importance. The possible regulatory significance of two parallel routes to mevalonate is discussed.
Cholesterol metabolism and vitamin B6: II. Intestinal cholesterogenesis in vitamin B6 deficient rats
Authors: Avery M. D. , Lupien P. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe in vitro incorporation of 1‐14C‐acetate into cholesterol by vitamin B6 deficient and pair‐fed rat intestinal tissue was assayed. It was found that vitamin B6 deficiency increases, by a twofold factor, the incorporation of 1‐14C‐acetate into the cholesterol biosynthetic chain, when using a segment of the ileum, and on the other hand no increase was observed when using a segment from the jejunum. The production of14CO2 from 1‐14C‐acetate was not found altered by a vitamin B6 deficiency when using segments from the jejunum or the ileum. The effect of sodium cholate and sodium chenodeoxycholate on the incorporation of radioactivity into cholesterol and on the production of radioactive CO2, with 1‐14C‐acetate as a substrate, was assayed with the two groups of animals. The significance of these findings and the posible relationships between these factors are discussed.
Long‐term responses of rats to heat‐treated dietary fats: IV. Weight gains, food and energy efficiencies, longevity and histopathology
Authors: Poling C. E. , Eagle E. , Rice E. E. , Durand A. M. A. , Fisher M. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractRepresentative cottonseed salad oils, corn oils, lards and hydrogenated vegetable shortenings, and portions of the same fats heated at 182 C for 120 hr were fed as 20% of nutritionally adequate diets to weanling albino rats in longevity studies. Differences in the responses of rats fed diets containing the unheated and heated fats were generally small with respect to rates of gain, 12 th week and adult weights, efficiencies of utilization of absorbed energy, incidences of grossly detectable diseases and longevities. There were no indications that the feeding of the heated fats had shortened survival times in comparison with the comparable unheated fat. Animals fed hydrogenated vegetable shortening, heated or unheated, survived the longest. However, gains were slightly slower with the heated cotton‐seed oil diets, and food efficiencies were slightly lower with the heated cottonseed oil and heated lard diets because of decreased digestibilities of these fats. The usual disabilities of old age such as nephritis, respiratory disease and periarteritis were present in all groups. The incidence of mammary tumors was high but did not differ significantly with the kind of fat, heaated or unheated. Tumor incidence other than mammary was similar in both sexes and there was no significant difference between fresh and heated fats. Absence of adverse effects attributable to the heated fats during the life span of the rats in further evidence of the safety of these fats of the quality customarily consumed by the human population.
Cycloheximide and chloramphenicol: Effect on rat liver acetate metabolism
Authors: McNamara Donald J. , Quackenbush Forrest W. , Rodwell Victor W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractConversion of isotopic acetate to cholesterol, to fatty acids and to CO2 by rat liver homogenates is dramatically curtailed within 3 hr following injection of chloramphenicol or cycloheximide. Cholesterol synthesis from mevalonate remains unaltered, indicating that this does not imply generalized depression of all metabolic processes. This apparent shutdown of acetate metabolism suggests that caution be exercised when these drugs are employed as specific inhibitors of protein synthesis.
Plasma cholesterol turnover and esterification in the pigeon
Authors: Bell Frank P. , Lofland Hugh B. , Clarkson Thomas B. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe plasma cholesterol turnover and serum cholesterol esterifying system was studied in White Carneau pigeons. Eight pigeons received a single injection of 1,2‐3H‐cholesterol intravenously and the decline in plasma cholesterol specific activity was measured at intervals from 1–64 days. Kinetic analysis of the plasma cholesterol die‐away curves indicates that plasma cholesterol turnover in the pigeon conforms to a 2 pool model. The mass of pool A (cholesterol in blood and those tissues which are rapidly equilibrated with blood) in pigeons maintaining consistently high serum cholesterol levels (≈900 mg/100 ml) was 988 mg and the daily fractional turnover of pool A was 19.7% compared with 676 mg and 12.2% found in pigeons maintaining consistently low (≈400 mg/100 ml) serum cholesterol levels. Serum cholesterol esterifying activity, in vitro, showed a positive correlation (rxy=0.806) with serum cholesterol concentration in the pigeon. The pigeon differs, in this regard, from the chicken, rat and rabbit in which a negative correlation has been reported.
Effects of diets rich in saturated fatty acids with or without added cholesterol on plasma lipids and lipoproteins
Authors: Butkus Antanas , Ehrhart L. Allen , Robertson A. L. , Lewis Lena A. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractSemi‐synthetic diet I which contained 16% hydrogenated coconut oil and 5% cholesterol, and diet II, identical to I but without cholesterol supplement, were fed to dogs for four months to determine the effects of added cholesterol on lipemia produced by diets high in saturated fatty acids (FA) and lacking essential FA. In addition, diet I was fed to another group of dogs for 12 to 16 months. The initiation of lipemia was very similar in all experimental animals. Plasma from dogs on diets I and II showed significant increases in lipid concentration and changes in FA per cent composition within the first week, as compared to controls, while during the first month there was no difference in lipid concentration or FA distribution in all lipid fractions between I and II. At the 10th and 16th weeks plasma total and free cholesterol and phospholipid were significantly higher in the group on diet I, with the cholesterol supplement, than on diet II with no added cholesterol, but there was no difference in triglyceride concentration between these groups. Dogs on diet I for 12 to 16 months showed a further and substantial increase in plasma FA concentration; these changes were most marked in cholesteryl esters. Little or no lipoprotein with electrophoretic and ultracentrifugal properties of alpha‐lipoprotein was present in the plasma. Immunotechniques showed that it was present. The composition of dietary FA had great influence in producing this hyperlipemia. Lipemia produced was not a simple reflection of the FA in these diets as evidenced by the increase in some FA, e.g., C16∶1, which was absent in the experimental diets and C18∶1, which contributed only 3.4% of the FA. Large increases in palmitoleate and oleate indicate synthesis or mobilization or both from other tissues. Diets composed predominantly of saturated medium chain length fatty acids, with or without added cholesterol were equally effective in the initiation of hyperlipemia. Data also suggest that added cholesterol is necessary for sustaining hyperlipemia.
Dietary lipid, fatty acid oxidation and incorporation of carbon into cholesterol
Authors: Dupont Jacqueline 
Published: November 2006

AbstractFemale rats (200 g) were fed a nutritionally adequate diet containing 1% by weight of corn oil (low‐fat, LF), 21% of corn oil (CO) or 20% of beef tallow plus 1% of corn oil (BT) for two weeks. Food was removed for 8–12 hr, then each rat was refed for 1 hr. Each rat was injected ip with Na‐3H‐acetate and U‐14C‐Na‐palmitate, (P),‐oleate (O) or‐linoleate (L). Expired CO2 was collected for 2 hr. Liver, heart and serum were obtained for analysis of total lipid14C and3H and cholesterol14C and3H. Oxidation of L was twice as great as O or P when the LF diet was fed. CO and BT diets doubled oxidation of O to equal L, and increased oxidation of P, 50%. In liver and serum P was retained to a greater extent than O or L on BT and CO diets. Incorporation of acetate into total lipid was highest on LF diet and reduced by feeding either CO or BT. Incorporation of acetate into cholesterol was greater when BT or CO was fed than for LF.14C was incorporated into cholesterol in such small amounts that it was barely detectable and could not be counted accurately. Conclusions are that (a) dietary fat affects rate of oxidation of uniformly labeled palmitate and oleate, but not linoleate, (b) acetate is a more ready precursor to cholesterol than is fatty acid carbon, and (c) the acetate incorporated into cholesterol when polyunsaturated fat is fed is not derived directly from fatty acid carbon. The failure of incorporation of fatty acid carbon into cholesterol within 2 hr of administration opens the question of compartmentation of acetate as to its metabolic source.
The variation of triglyceride structure with fatty acid composition in pig adipose tissue
Authors: Christie W. W. , Moore J. H. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractForty‐five triglyceride samples with a wide range of fatty acid compositions were selected from a large number of pig adipose tissue samples (inner and outer back fats and perenephric fat) available from nutritional experiments. These samples were subjected to stereospecific analysis to determine the changes occurring in the positional distribution of the component fatty acids. The oleic acid content of the triglycerides was taken as the standard of comparison and as this increased, the proportions of the other unsaturated fatty acids also increased in a linear manner and the concentrations of the saturated components decreased proportionately. In position 1, the palmitic acid concentration remained constant while the stearic acid concentration decreased linearly and the concentrations of the unsaturated fatty acids increased. In position 2 the stearic acid concentration remained almost constant while the palmitic acid concentration decreased linearly in response to increases in the concentrations of the unsaturated acids. The least change occurred in position 3 where there were slight decreases in the concentrations of saturated acids as the concentrations of unsaturated acids increased. The precise quantitative relationships depended on the tissue examined. Constant proportions of the available myristic and palmitoleic acids were found in all three positions and constant proportions of the available stearic and oleic acids were found in position 1. These results are discussed in relation to possible pathways of triglyceride biosynthesis in pig adipose tissues.
Metabolic fate of gossypol: the metabolism of14C‐gossypol in rats
Authors: Abou‐Donia Mohamed B. , Lyman Carl M. , Dieckert Julius W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractBalance studies designed to obtain information concerning the metabolic fate of gossypol in rats were carried out utilizing two groups of animals. One was fed a basal diet and the other the same diet plus 500 ppm of iron as FeSO4. Single doses of 5 mg each of14C‐labeled gossypol (spec. act. 19.8 μCi/mmole) were administered. The animals were maintained in metabolic cages and killed after various periods of time. The data indicate that gossypol was poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and rapidly eliminated from the animal body. Although the main route for gossypol elimination from the animal was by fecal excretion in both treatments, the percentage of the total activity eliminated via the feces varied and depended on the level of iron supplied in the diet. The results demonstrate that gossypol was least excreted via urine and that urinary excretion of radioactivity was diminished by iron supplementation to the diet. Most of the radioactivity retained was found in the contents of different parts of the gastrointestinal tract. Tissues, the liver, muscle, kidney and blood had the highest radioactivity, with the liver having the highest specific activity. The data also demonstrate that addition of iron to the ration diminishes14C radioactivity in the animal body. This effect might be attributed to the formation of chelates that could not be absorbed through the small intestine. Catalysis of the decarbonylation of gossypol by iron also appears to be a factor.
Fish cutaneous mucus: A new source of skin surface lipid
Authors: Lewis R. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractMucus from several species of marine fishes contained up to 20 times more lipid per unit area than human sebum. The analyses revealed free fatty acids which may provide protection against bacterial and fungal attack. Carotenoids were prominent components. The amount of phospholipids present in fish mucus seems to determine its viscosity.
Stereospecific analysis of maize triglycerides
Authors: Weber Evelyn J. , De La Roche A. , Alexander D. E. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis is the first report of stereospecific analyses of plant triglycerides isolated from seeds of distinct genotypes rather than from commerically refined oils. Triglycerides from six maize inbreds were analyzed. The strains exhibited a wide range of fatty acid compositions (palmitic acid 7.8–19.1%, oleic acid 17.0–43.0%, linoleic acid 41.6–68.3%). The distribution of the fatty acids among the 1, 2 and 3 positions of the triglycerides was clearly nonrandom for all six strains. At the 2 position of the triglycerides over 98% of the fatty acids were unsaturated. More plamitic and stearic acids were found in position 1 than in 3. The general fatty acid pattern of maize triglycerides was similar to that found in most animal triglycerides.
Oleate hydratase: Studies of substrate specificity
Authors: Kisic A. , Miura Y. , Schroepfer G. J. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThis work concerns studies of the substrate specificity of an enzyme preparation from a pseudomonad which catalyzes the stereospecific hydration of the Δ9‐double bond of oleic acid. [5DL‐3H]‐5DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [6DL‐3H]‐6DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [7DL‐3H]‐7DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [9DL‐3H]‐9DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [10DL‐3H]‐10DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [11DL‐3H]‐11DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [14DL‐3H]‐14DL‐hydroxystearic acid, [15DL‐3H]‐15DL‐hydroxystearic acid, and [1‐14C]‐stearolic acid were prepared and incubated with the enzyme. Only the 10‐hydroxysteric acid served as a substrate for the enzyme. The findings reported in this study, in conjunction with those previously reported, indicate that only the D‐isomer of 10‐hydroxystearic acid serves as a substrate for the enzyme.
The distribution of 17 carbon fatty acids in the liver of a child with propionicacidaemia
Authors: Gompertz D. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractA child with propionicacidaemia due to a defective propionyl CoA carboxylase activity, accumulated odd number fatty acids in his liver. Seventeen carbon saturated and monounsaturated acids both represented 2% to 3% of the total liver fatty acids. The monounsaturated acid is demonstrated to be heptadec‐9‐enoic acid. The distribution of the 17 carbon saturated and monounsaturated acids throughout the major lipid classes is described. Enzymic degradation of lecithins and triglycerides is used to establish the positional specificity of esterification of these two fatty acids. The results indicate that when the only difference between two fatty acids, present in similar concentrations, is a single double bond, highly specific esterification patterns are retained.
Incorporation of oxygen‐18 into the oxirane ring ofcis‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoic acid
Authors: Knoche H. W. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe synthesis ofcis‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoic acid by tissue slices of wheat plants infected withPuccinia graminis tritici (Wheat stem rust) has been investigated further. Synthetic methylcis‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoate and the same ester isolated from incubation in an atmosphere containing18O2, or a medium containing H218O, were analyzed by mass spectrometry. These analyses revealed that molecular oxygen was incorporated into the oxirane ring ofcis‐9,10‐epoxyoctadecanoic acid.
Thermophilic fungi: II. Fatty acid composition of polar and neutral lipids of thermophilic and mesophilic fungi
Authors: Mumma R. O. , Sekura R. D. , Fergus C. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractThe relative per cents of polar and neutral lipids and the fatty acid profile of the polar and neutral lipids of nine thermophilic and nine mesophilic fungi were examined and compared. The polar lipids of the thermophiles contained an average of 0.89 double bonds per mole fatty acid (unsaturation index, USI) and were considerably more saturated than the corresponding lipids of the mesophiles (average 1.32 USI). Within the thermophilic species the polar lipids were generally more saturated than the neutral lipids (average 0.95 USI) and in the mesophilic species the polar lipids were usually more saturated than the neutral lipids (average 1.14 USI). The mesophiles produced higher levels of 16∶1, 18∶2 and 18∶3 fatty acids than the thermophiles and preferentially incorporated 16∶1 and 16∶2 into their polar lipids. The thermophiles produce higher levels of saturated fatty acids and 18∶1 than the mesophiles and preferentially incorporated the saturated fatty acids into their polar lipids.
Genetic variability of human plasma and erythrocyte lipids
Authors: Kang K. W. , Taylor G. E. , Greves J. H. , Staley H. L. , Christian Joe C. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractGenetic variation of fasting plasma lipids, lipoproteins and erythrocyte membrane lipids was studied in 67 sets of like‐sexed twins and 3 sets of triplets. All of the plasma lipids were more variable in dizygotic twins than monozygotic twins with the exception of phosphatidyl ethanolamine, but only cholesteryl esters, lecithin, phosphatidyl inositol and β‐lipoprotein showed significant genetic variation. In contrast, no significant genetic variability was found in any of the erythrocyte membrane lipids and erythrocyte phosphatidyl ethanolamine had significantly greater variation in monozygotic twins. Two sets of twins had an extra lipoprotein band (slow α1); in one family the variant appeared to be segregating as a dominant trait.
OxygenatedTrans‐3‐olefinic acids in aStenachaenium seed oil
Authors: Kleiman R. , Spencer G. F. , Tjarks L. W. , Earle F. R. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractInteresting differences were found in oils from two samples ofStenachaenium macrocephalum (Compositae) seed with dissimilar storage histories. One contained significant amounts of epoxy acids (6.5%) and hydroxy conjugated dienoic acids (5.6%), but the other contained no more than 1% of these oxygenated acids. Characterization of components in the former oil established that the principal epoxy acid (4.0%) is the previously unknowncis‐9, 10‐epoxy‐trans‐3,cis‐12‐octadecadienoic acid. The conjugated dienols include two additional new acids with Δ3 unsaturation (2.5%): 9‐hydroxy‐trans‐3,‐trans‐10,cis‐12‐octadecatrienoic and 13‐hydroxy‐trans‐3,cis‐9,trans‐11‐octadecatrienoic acoids. The nonoxygenated acids, except for the large amount (40%) oftrans‐3,cis‐9,cis‐12‐octadecatrienoic, are those that commonly occur in seed oils.
Homo‐gamma‐linolenic acid: A major polyunsaturated fatty acid of swine adrenal cholesteryl esters
Authors: Carney J. A. , Slinger S. J. , Walker B. L. 
Published: November 2006

AbstractHomo‐gamma‐linolenic acid is a major polyunsaturated constituent of the cholesteryl esters isolated from swine adrenals. The identity of this acid was confirmed by hydrogenation, reductive ozonolysis and a combination of thin layer and gas liquid chromatographic techniques.