bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Host plant influence on susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides
Authors: Castle S.J. , Prabhaker N. , Henneberry T.J. , Toscano N.C. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractA resistance monitoring program conducted for the polyphagous whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius), in Imperial Valley, CA, USA generated a large set of LC50s for adults collected from broccoli, cantaloupe and cotton crops over a four-year period. A vial bioassay and, subsequently, a yellow-sticky card bioassay produced similar temporal profiles of relative susceptibilities to the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin. Both bioassays revealed that whiteflies collected from broccoli were significantly less susceptible to bifenthrin compared to the other two crops. A similar finding was observed for endosulfan and the mixture of bifenthrin+endosulfan in the yellow-sticky card bioassay. The possibility that seasonal differences contributed to the observed differences in susceptibility provided the impetus to conduct a reciprocal transfer experiment using broccoli (or kale) and cantaloupe grown simultaneously in the field and greenhouse. Whitefly adults collected from an organic farm over three consecutive weeks had significantly higher LC50s on kale than those collected the same day on cantaloupe. After culturing in the greenhouse on broccoli or cantaloupe and testing again, LC50s remained significantly higher on broccoli after one week and again at the F1 generation. In contrast, whiteflies originating on kale in the field and transferred to cantaloupes in the greenhouse had significantly reduced LC50s at the F1 generation. When tested against the bifenthrin+endosulfan mixture, significantly higher LC50s were generated for whiteflies reared on broccoli in the greenhouse at one week and the F1 compared to the field source from cantaloupes. The consistently higher LC50s for whiteflies on broccoli and other Brassica spp. crops, compared to cantaloupes or cotton, point to statistically significant host-plant influences that are expressed in both field-collected and greenhouse-reared populations of whiteflies.
Reproductive strategy of the Nearctic leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus Ball (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Authors: Mazzoni Valerio , Prešern Janez , Lucchi Andrea , Virant-Doberlet Meta 
Published: October 2008

AbstractMating behaviour of Scaphoideus titanus Ball, the vector of the grapevine disease Flavescence dorée, was investigated in order to determine the role of substrate-borne vibrational signals in intra-specific communication and pair formation. Vibrational signals were recorded from grapevine leaves with a laser vibrometer. Signalling activity of single males changed throughout the day and the peak in activity was associated with twilight and early night when ‘call and fly’ behaviour was observed. Pair formation began with the spontaneous emission of male signals. The male calling signal consisted of a single series of pulses, partially accompanied with a ‘rumble’. The male courtship phrase consisted of four consecutive sections characterized by two sound elements, pulse and ‘buzz’. Female vibrational signals were emitted only in response to male signals. The female response was a single pulse that closely resembled male pulses and was inserted between pulses within the male signals. All recorded vibrational signals of S. titanus have a dominant frequency below 900 Hz. A unique feature of vibrational communication in S. titanus is well-developed intrasexual competition; males may use alternative tactics, in the form of disturbance signals, or silently approach duetting females (satellite behaviour). While the male-female duet appears to be essential for successful localization of females and copulation, it is also vulnerable to, and easily disrupted by, alternative tactics like masking.
Heritability of human hookworm infection in Papua New Guinea
Authors: BREITLING L. PH. , WILSON A. J. , RAIKO A. , LAGOG M. , SIBA P. , SHAW M.-A. , QUINNELL R. J. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYHookworms infect approximately 740 million humans worldwide and are an important cause of morbidity. The present study examines the role of additive genetic effects in determining the intensity of hookworm infection in humans, and whether these effects vary according to the sex of the host. Parasitological and epidemiological data for a population of 704 subjects in Papua New Guinea were used in variance components analysis. The ‘narrow-sense’ heritability of hookworm infection was estimated as 0·15±0·04 (P<0·001), and remained significant when controlling for shared environmental (household) effects. Allowing the variance components to vary between the sexes of the human host consistently revealed larger additive genetic effects in females than in males, reflected by heritabilities of 0·18 in females and 0·08 in males in a conservative model. Household effects were also higher in females than males, although the overall household effect was not significant. The results indicate that additive genetic effects are an important determinant of the intensity of human hookworm infection in this population. However, despite similar mean and variance of intensity in each sex, the factors responsible for generating variation in intensity differ markedly between males and females.
A phylogeny of members of the family Taeniidae based on the mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 gene data
Authors: LAVIKAINEN A. , HAUKISALMI V. , LEHTINEN M. J. , HENTTONEN H. , OKSANEN A. , MERI S. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe cestode family Taeniidae consists of 2 genera, Taenia and Echinococcus, which both have been the focus of intensive taxonomic and epidemiological studies because of their zoonotic importance. However, a comprehensive molecular phylogeny of this family has yet to be reconstructed. In this study, 54 isolates representing 9 Taenia species were characterized using DNA sequences in the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (nad1) genes. Phylogenetic relationships within the family Taeniidae were inferred by combining cox1 and nad1 sequence data of the present and previous studies. In the phylogenetic analysis, the genus Echinococcus was shown to be monophyletic, but Taenia proved to be paraphyletic due to the position of T. mustelae as a probable sister taxon of Echinococcus. This indicates that T. mustelae should form a genus of its own. Taenia ovis krabbei was placed distant from T. ovis ovis, as a sister taxon of T. multiceps, supporting its recognition as a distinct species, T. krabbei. High intraspecific sequence variation within both T. polyacantha and T. taeniaeformis suggests the existence of cryptic sister species.
Creation in a Closed Universe Or, Have Physicists Disproved the Existence of God?
Authors: Le Poidevin Robin 
Published: October 2008

Could a theory concerning the temporal structure of the universe have any implications for the possibility of a creator? A recent remark by Stephen Hawking suggests that it could. In A Brief History of Time, Hawking writes:The idea that space and time may form a closed surface without boundary … has profound implications for the role of God in the affairs of the universe… So long as the universe had a beginning, we could suppose it had a creator. But if the universe is really completely self-contained, having no boundary or edge, it would have neither beginning nor end: it would simply be. What place, then, for a creator?
Reincarnation and Relativized Identity
Authors: MacIntosh J. J. 
Published: October 2008

There are five main claims that may be made about life after death:(a) We are reincarnated in the self-same body we had in life.(b) We are reincarnated in another body. (For my purposes in this paper it is a matter of indifference whether this is thought of as reincarnation in anotherworld, or as reincarnation in this world: the arguments I shall be examining apply equally to either case. Throughout the paper the term ‘reincarnation’ used without qualification should be taken to mean ‘reincarnation in a different body’.)(c) We are revived, or continue to live (or to have conscious existence) in a disembodied form.
The Sense and Nonsense of Omnipotence
Authors: Kuntz Paul Grimley 
Published: October 2008

In that ‘Cock and Bull’ story, Tristram Shandy, Laurence Sterne satirises philosophic disputation. Since the subject is a nose, the philosophers, divided already along Catholic and Lutheran lines, become Nosarians and Anti-nosarians. The doctors belong to the two universities of Strasburg. On ‘which side of the nose [would] the two universities split’?'Tis above reason, cried the doctors on one side.'Tis below reason, cried the others.'Tis faith, we cried.'Tis a fiddle-stick, said the other.'Tis possible, cried the one.'Tis impossible, said the other.God's power is infinite, cried the Nosarians, he can do anything.He can do nothing, cried the Antinosarians, which implies contradictions.He can make matter think, said the Nosarians.As certainly as you can make a velvet cap out of a sow's ear, replied the Antinosarians.
Classical Theism and Pantheism: A Reply to Professor Quinn
Authors: Oakes Robert A. 
Published: October 2008

I am grateful to Philip Quinn for his thorough and penetrating critique of my paper on classical theism and pantheism. He has given me much to think about, and it would be philosophically remiss of me not to acknowledge that – in the light of his remarks – the argument which I employed in defence of the thesis that classical theism implies a version of pantheism might well benefit from some amendment. However, the purpose of this brief counter-rejoinder is to establish that the nexus of my argument has emerged from his commentary in reasonably robust health, i.e., to demonstrate that if the argument of my former paper is to be rejected, it will take something more than Professor Quinn's critique to make that clear. Very concisely, then, my response is as follows:(1) At a preliminary point, Professor Quinn claims that my argument ‘merits careful scrutiny’ because, if it succeeds, ‘something shockingly at variance with received views’ will have been established (p. 290). I find this to be somewhat odd. For it seems clear that St Paul was a ‘classical theist’, indeed a very special one in so far as the shaping of Christian theism is concerned. And while his famous and oftcited dictum that God is the One in Whom ‘we live, move, and have our being’ may be such that it is permissible to construe it in ways which do not imply any version of pantheism, it clearly seems unjustified to maintain that pantheistic doctrines are ‘shockingly at variance’ with that most intriguing statement of St Paul's.
Agnosticism
Authors: Dore Clement 
Published: October 2008

People who are agnostics, rather than theists or atheists, frequently defend the claim that their position is more rational than either theism or atheism in the following manner:It looks [they say] as though there is some reason to believe that God exists (in the form, say, of one of the classical arguments for God's existence); but it also looks as though there is evidence that God does not exist (in the form of the atheistic argument from evil); and whenever there is evidence that a given proposition, p, is true and also evidence that it is false, the most rational thing for anyone who knows that this is the case is to suspend judgement with respect to p. It follows that agnosticism is epistemically preferable to theism and to atheism.
Immortal Diamond: The Possible Dream
Authors: Hubert Delaney S.J.  
Published: October 2008

In a flash, at a trumpet crash, I am all at once what Christ is, since he was what I am, and This Jack, joke, poor potsherd, patch, matchwood, immortal diamond Is immortal diamond.There are several types of experience common to most people that are worth drawing attention to as a build-up to the consideration of ‘play’ in the life of man. The noise of car wheels turning on gravel, the cooing of a pigeon in a forest on a bright, calm May evening, the lonely cry of the curlew going to feed on the nearby marshlands, the whine of the swans’ wings as the birds move to a new place of feeding, the deep echo of a jumbo jet as it ascends along a steep gradient into the sky, the melody of a piece of music coming from nowhere, the staccato and rhythmic chirping of the birds in tune with the early morning expectancy of another day – these are moments reminiscent of other places and other times. ‘Time present and time past.’ There is a ‘nostalgia’ about them. The feeling is repeated each time similar events re-occur.
Animal Reason and the Imago Dei
Authors: Werther David 
Published: October 2008

David Hume is widely known as a critic of natural theology. Hence he is referred to as ‘the great infidel’. Moreover, when one thinks of Hume's criticisms of natural religion one often thinks of Philo's criticisms of various theistic arguments presented by Cleanthes and Demea in Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion. In his preface to the Hackett edition of the Dialogues Richard H. Popkin writes,Many consider it the most decisive modern critique of some of the major arguments concerning the existence and nature of God.
Yes, God has Beliefs!
Authors: Hasker William 
Published: October 2008

It is beyond question that most ordinary religious believers would find talk about God as having beliefs strange, puzzling, and objectionable. God doesn't believe things, he knows them, and if some philosophers, overlooking or ignoring this obvious point, still speak of God as having beliefs – well, that says something about those philosophers!Recently this view of the ordinary believer has received help from an unexpected source, namely William P. Alston, who in his paper, ‘Does God Have Beliefs?’ makes a strong case for a negative answer to its title question. To be sure, Alston's reasons for this conclusion are rather more complex than those we have attributed to the ordinary believer; he specifically eschews a ‘cheap way of winning a victory’ by means of the claim that knowledge excludes belief by conceptual necessity (p. 292). Nevertheless, by a longer train of reasoning he comes to the same conclusion, and since this reasoning involves a new and more adequate conception of divine knowledge, and additionally solves two outstanding problems in thedoctrine of omniscience (the foreknowledge problem, and the problem of divine knowledge of propositions containing essential indexicals), the trip is well worth taking.
Talbott's Universalism
Authors: Craig William Lane 
Published: October 2008

In a pair of recently published articles, Thomas Talbott has presented a carefully constructed case for universalism. He contends that from the principle(P3) Necessarily, God loves a person S (with a perfect form of love) at a time t only if God's intention at t and every moment subsequent to t is to do everything within his power to promote supremely worthwhile happiness in S, provided that the actions taken are consistent with his promoting the same kind of happiness in all others whom he also lovesand the propositions1. God exists2. God is both omniscient and omnipotent3. God loves every created person4. God will irrevocably reject some persons and subject those persons to ever-lasting punishmenta contradiction may be deduced. For given (P3), (3) entails5. For any created person S and time t subsequent to the creation of S, God's intention at t is to do all that he properly can to promote supremely worthwhile happiness in S.
Syndromic surveillance: sensitivity and positive predictive value of the case definitions
Authors: GUASTICCHI G. , GIORGI ROSSI P. , LORI G. , GENIO S. , BIAGETTI F. , GABRIELE S. , PEZZOTTI P. , BORGIA P. 
Published: October 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of the study was to measure the positive predictive value (PPV) and sensitivity of operational case definitions of 13 syndromes in a surveillance system based on the Emergency online database of the Lazio region. The PPVs were calculated using electronic emergency department (ED) medical records and subsequent hospitalizations to ascertain the cases. Sensitivity was calculated using a modified capture–recapture method. The number of cases that fulfilled the case definition criteria in the 2004 database ranged from 27 320 for gastroenteritis to three for haemorrhagic diarrhoea. The PPVs ranged from 99·3 to 20; sepsis, meningitis-like and coma were below 50%. The estimated sensitivity ranged from 90% for coma to 22% for haemorrhagic diarrhoea. Syndromes such as gastroenteritis, where the signs, symptoms, and exposure history provide immediate diagnostic implications fit this surveillance system better than others such as haemorrhagic diarrhoea, where symptoms are not evident and a more precise diagnosis is needed.
Fictional Philanthropy in Elizabeth Gaskell's Mary Barton and North and South
Authors: Parker Pamela Corpron 
Published: October 2008

Among the many anecdotes explaining Elizabeth Gaskell's entrance into the literary marketplace is one circulated by Travers Madge, a leading Manchester philanthropist. Gaskell allegedly told him that “the one strong impulse” to write Mary Barton came after visiting one particularly destitute laborer's cottage:She was trying hard to speak comfort, and to allay those bitter feelings against the rich which were so common with the poor, when the head of the family took hold of her arm, and grasping it tightly said, with tears in his eyes, “Ay, ma'am, but have ye ever seen a child clemmed to death?” (Hompes 131)While this anecdote ostensibly explains Gaskell's literary calling as a sacred duty and illustrates her expansive feminine sympathy, it also positions her work within the larger project of nineteenth-century philanthropy. As a lady visitor, she attempts to “speak comfort” and assuage working-class hostility toward the rich, but she finds herself in a discursive struggle with the workman, whose rough vernacular and even rougher hand threaten violence both to the lady and the narrative. Like the Ancient Mariner of Coleridge's poem, the nameless workman compels her to listen and accord him the authority that great suffering demands. He wrests the reader's attention away from the main figure of the anecdote, the benevolent “Mrs. Gaskell,” and renders her speechless — at least for a while. For it is his domestic tragedy which authorizes her literary vocation and enables her to present her work as a form of fictional philanthropy.
Phosphate rich organic manure as fertiliser
Authors: Sekhar DMR , Dassin Y , Momani Lutfi , Hamatteh Abu 
Published: October 2008

AbstractCertain types of rock phosphates of sedimentary origin are applied to acidic soils as fertilizer directly. Recent research in India showed that high grade rock phosphate in fine size when used as a mix with organic manure works as efficiently as di-ammonium phosphate (DAP) in alkaline soils. The rock phosphate from Jhamarkotra, India (sedimentary origin), Egypt (sedimentary origin) and South Africa (volcanic origin) showed good agronomic efficiency when used as Phosphate Rich Organic Manure (PROM). Further PROM shows equal residual effect. The results of efficiency of PROM made using two grades (+ 24% P2O5 and 34% P2O5) of rock phosphate mineral from Jordan show that low grade rock phosphate slimes are as effective as high grade phosphate concentrate when used in PROM. Also PROM is very effective even in the saline soils where DAP completely fails.
Activation of the small GTPase Rac1 by a specific guanine‐nucleotide‐exchange factor suffices to induce glucose uptake into skeletal‐muscle cells
Authors: Ueda Shuji , Kataoka Tohru , Satoh Takaya 
Published: October 2008

Background information. Insulin‐stimulated glucose uptake into skeletal muscle is crucial for glucose homoeostasis, and depends on the recruitment of GLUT4 (glucose transporter 4) to the plasma membrane. Mechanisms underlying insulin‐dependent GLUT4 translocation, particularly the role of Rho family GTPases, remain controversial.Results. In the present study, we show that constitutively active Rac1, but not other Rho family GTPases tested, induced GLUT4 translocation in the absence of insulin, suggesting that Rac1 activation is sufficient for GLUT4 translocation in muscle cells. Rac1 activation occurred in dorsal membrane ruffles of insulin‐stimulated cells as revealed by a novel method to visualize activated Rac1 in situ. We further identified FLJ00068 as a GEF (guanine‐nucleotide‐exchange factor) responsible for this Rac1 activation. Indeed, constitutively active FLJ00068 caused Rac1 activation in dorsal membrane ruffles and GLUT4 translocation without insulin stimulation. Down‐regulation of Rac1 or FLJ00068 by RNA interference, on the other hand, abrogated insulin‐induced GLUT4 translocation. Basal, but not insulin‐stimulated, activity of the serine/threonine kinase Akt was required for the induction of GLUT4 translocation by constitutively active Rac1 or FLJ00068.Conclusion. Collectively, Rac1 activation specifically in membrane ruffles by the GEF FLJ00068 is sufficient for insulin induction of glucose uptake into skeletal‐muscle cells.
Repulsive guidance molecule A (RGM A) and its receptor neogenin during neural and neural crest cell development of Xenopus laevis
Authors: Gessert Susanne , Maurus Daniel , Kühl Michael 
Published: October 2008

Background information. RGM A (repulsive guidance molecule A) is a GPI (glycosylphosphatidylinositol)‐anchored glycoprotein which has repulsive properties on axons due to the interaction with its receptor neogenin. In addition, RGM A has been demonstrated to function as a BMP (bone morphogenetic protein) co‐receptor.Results. In the present study, we provide the first analysis of early RGM A and neogenin expression and function in Xenopus laevis neural development. Tissue‐specific RGM A expression starts at stage 12.5 in the anterior neural plate. Loss‐of‐function analyses suggest a function of RGM A and neogenin in regulating anterior neural marker genes, as well as eye development and neural crest cell migration. Furthermore, overexpression of RGM A leads to ectopic expression of neural crest cell marker genes.Conclusions. These data indicate that RGM A and neogenin have important functions during early neural development, in addition to their role during axonal guidance and synapse formation.