bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Element‐Element‐Bindungen. XI Kettenbildung bei kristallinen Dimethyldichalkogenanen
Authors: Mundt Otto , Becker Gerd , Baumgarten Jens , Riffel Heinz , Simon Arndt 
Published: August 2006

AbstractElement‐Element Bonds. XI Chain Formation in Crystalline DimethyldichalkogenanesThe structures of dimethyldichalkogenanes (H3C)2E2 liquid at room temperature have been determined by single‐crystal x‐ray diffraction {E = S, α‐form 1a, P21/c; Z = 4; a = 860.9(5); b = 648.0(4); c = 845.9(4) pm; β = 94.23(4)°; −141 ± 2 °C; β‐form 1b, P21/c; Z = 4; a = 518.3(3); b = 1445.6(10); c = 670.9(3) pm; β = 107.30(5)°; −141 ± 2 °C; E = Se, 2, Fdd2; Z = 16; a = 2236.6(5); b = 1759.0(9); c = 520.9(2) pm; −120 ± 2 °C; E = Te, 3, C2/c; Z = 4; a = 1260.8(4); b = 849.1(4); c = 561.0(3) pm; β = 107.04(6)°; −130 ± 2 °C}. As a remarkable result intermolecular E··E interactions indicated by the ratio Q = (E··E)/(E−E) increase gradually in strength when dimethyldisulfane with ordinary van der Waals contacts (1a, Q = 1.86; 1b, Q = 1.84) is compared with the selenium (2, Q = 1.54) and the tellurium derivatives (3, Q = 1.38). Taking these E··E contacts into account, an association of the binuclear molecules to pairs can be detected for polymorph 1b, whereas zigzag chains are encountered in the remaining crystal structures (1a, E−E··E = 95° and 174°; 2, 156° and 161°; 3, 151°). Additionally, by a careful inspection several crystal structures already published by other authors turn out to exhibit similar phenomena. Furthermore, the molecular packing modes of α‐dimethyldisulfane (1a) and elementary chlorine resemble each other, whereas the β‐polymorph 1b and the isotypic crystal structures of β‐dibromo‐ and dichlorodiselane as described by Kniep, Korte und Mootz constitute a pair of polytypoid stacking variants. A similar relationship could be established between the structures of dimethyldiselane (2) and the homologous ditellane 3. In comparison with numerous literature data the intermolecular interactions observed with these dimethyldichalkogenanes have to be classified as only weak.
Azidoaurates of the Alkali Metals
Authors: Afyon Semih , Höhn Peter , Armbrüster Marc , Baranov Alexey , Wagner Frank R. , Somer Mehmet , Kniep Rüdiger 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSynthesis, crystal structure as well as IR‐ and Raman‐spectroscopic properties of the new ternary azidoaurates(III) A[Au(N3)4] (A = K, Rb, Cs) are reported. The translucent orange‐red compounds were prepared by reaction of the respective binary azides with HAuCl4 in aqueous solutions at room temperature. The crystal structures determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction methods are monoclinic (C2/c (No. 15), K/Rb/Cs[Au(N3)4]: a = 1049.30(9) pm / 1033.93(10) pm / 1011.9(8) pm, b = 1047.52(8) pm / 1064.20(11) pm / 1093.8(8) pm, c = 776.97(7) pm / 809.79(8) pm / 858.4(6) pm, β = 91.220(5)° / 90.322(5)° / 92.72(5)°) and provide the first examples for azidoaurates with mono‐atomic cations. The unusual reduction of the lattice parameter a with increasing cation size in the isotypic series is discussed in detail. IR‐ and Raman‐spectroscopic measurements show strongly covalent gold‐nitrogen contacts, a bonding situation which is further supported by quantum chemical calculations and ELF‐analyses.
Synthese und Kristallstruktur von Na3[W3Cl13]
Authors: Weisser Martina , Tragl Sonja , Meyer H.‐Jürgen 
Published: August 2006

AbstractSynthesis and Crystal Structure of Na3[W3Cl13]A solid state reaction of tungsten(IV)chloride and sodium chloride yielded black plate‐like crystals of Na3[W3Cl13]. The structure of this compound was determined by single crystal X‐ray diffraction. Na3[W3Cl13] crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P 21/c with a = 9.093(1) Å, b = 23.851(4) Å, c = 9.155(1) Å, β = 120.26(1)°, and Z = 4. The crystal structure contains trigonal tungsten clusters ($\rm ({\bar d}_{w.w} = 2.737(1)\AA)$ = 2.737(1) Å) surrounded by chlorine atoms. The molecular [W3(μ3‐Cl)(μ‐Cl)3Cl9]3− cluster anions are forming layers parallel to the ac‐plane, sodium ions are located in and in between the layers.
Complexes of Group 1 Salts with N,N′‐Aromatic Bidentate Ligands, of 1 : 1 Salt : Base Ratio
Authors: Buttery Jarrod H. N. , Effendy  , Mutrofin Siti , Plackett Neil C. , Skelton Brian W. , Whitaker Claire R. , White Allan H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe present and three subsequent papers describe the syntheses and structural characterization of crystalline adducts, sometimes solvated, obtained from (usually methanolic) solutions of simple group 1 metal salts, MX, with the N,N′‐aromatic bases L = 2,2′‐bipyridine (‘bpy’), 1,10‐phenanthroline (‘phen’) and 2,9‐dimethyl,1,10‐phenanthroline (‘dmp’) of 1:n (n = 1,2,3 and some non‐integral) stoichiometries and anhydrous conditions. X are predominantly weakly basic oxyanions ClO4, NO3, O3SCF3 (= ‘triflate’, ‘tfs’) and (pseudo‐) halides for M = Li, Na, K, Rb (not, as yet, Cs). The present paper describes adducts of 1:1 (or near 1:1) MX : L stoichiometry. The majority of arrays described are single‐stranded one‐dimensional linear polymers, LM units being bridged by oxyanions: single‐stranded LiNO3 : dmp (1:1)(∞|∞), (the Na analogue is isomorphous, but with a different anion bonding mode), and double‐stranded NaClO4 : bpy (1:1)(∞|∞) and Mtfs : dmp (1:1)(∞|∞) (M = Na, K, Rb); an interesting single‐stranded ‘hydrolysis’ product, with supernumerary interleaving phen moieties ‘solvating’ as well as methanol, is defined as NaI : phen : H2O : MeOH (1:1(+1):2:1), [(phen)Na(μ‐OH2)2](∞|∞)I·phen·MeOH. The complex LiCl : dmp (2:2) is a dimer, [(dmp)Li(μ‐Cl)2Li(dmp)], while the LiBr : dmp system is defined in terms of two ionic adductsLiBr : dmp : MeOH (1:1:2.5) ≡ [(dmp)Li(HOMe)2]Br· 0.5MeOH and LiBr : dmp : MeOH : H2O (1:1(+1):1:1), ‘solvated’ with dmp, MeOH and H2O, as [(dmp)Li(HOMe)(OH2)]Br·dmp; also of this family is LiNCS : dmp : MeOH (1:1:1) ≡ [(dmp)Li(NCS)(HOMe)]. The adduct KPF6 : dmp (1:1)(∞|∞) is a novel double‐stranded one‐dimensional polymer in which (dmp)K units are bridged by PF6 counterions. Ktfs : dmp : MeOH (2:2:1)2 is a complex tetramer in which all species are coordinated, but its rubidium counterpart is an infinite polymer. Of more complex stoichiometry are the adducts KI : dmp : MeOH (6:8:3) ≡ [K6I4(dmp)8]I2·3MeOH containing a ‘polyiodide’ cation, and Ktfs : dmp (4:3), a double‐stranded, one‐dimensional polymer.
Complexes of Group 1 Salts with N,N′‐Aromatic Bidentate Ligands, of Mononuclear (‘Molecular’) 1 : 2 Salt : Base Ratio
Authors: Buttery Jarrod H. N. , Effendy  , Koutsantonis George A. , Mutrofin Siti , Plackett Neil C. , Skelton Brian W. , Whitaker Claire R. , White Allan H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractCrystallizations of simple group 1 metal salts MX with N,N′‐bidentate aromatic ligands 1,10‐phenanthroline (‘phen’) and the hindered 2,9‐dimethyl,1,10‐phenanthroline (‘dmp’), as well as complexes of other forms and stoichiometries described in accompanying papers, have yielded a broad array of simple mononuclear adducts of 1:2(:n) MX : L (:S) stoichiometry from methanol solutions. One of these, NaBr : phen : MeOH (1:2:2) contains a six‐coordinate metal atom, being ionic [(MeOH)2Na(phen)2]Br, but the majority contain five‐coordinate metal atoms, being either ionic (one example only, [(MeOH)Li(phen)2]Cl·MeOH) or neutral [XML2] species, the latter for the combinations MX : phen (M = Li, X = I, ClO4, tfs (≡ ‘triflate’, F3CSO3) (a new form), NO3; M = Na, X = Br, I, ClO4, NO3) and MX : dmp (M = Na, X = NCS, Br, I, PF6, ClO4; M = K, X = I), the (coordinating) polyatomic anions being unidentate, and the coordination geometries distorted trigonal bipyramidal.
Complexes of Group 1 Salts with N,N′‐Aromatic Bidentate Ligands, of 1 : 3 Salt : Base Ratio
Authors: Buttery Jarrod H. N. , Effendy  , Mutrofin Siti , Plackett Neil C. , Skelton Brian W. , Whitaker Claire R. , White Allan H. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractFollowing reports of the synthesis and single crystal X‐ray structural characterization of adducts of simple group 1 metal salts with the N,N′‐aromatic bidentate ligands 2,2′‐bipyridine (‘bpy’), 1,10‐phenanthroline (‘phen’) and 2,9‐dimethyl,1,10phenanthroline (‘dmp’) (= L), of 1:1 and 1:2 MX : L stoichiometry in the preceding papers, adducts of 1:3 stoichiometry are described in the present, for M = Na, of the form [NaL3]X(·S) representative of all L = bpy, phen, dmp. [Na(bpy)3]I is of interest, the cation stereochemistry being essentially trigonal prismatic; in [Na(phen)3](F3CSO3)·2MeOH, it is a more usual twisted octahedron, while, in [Na(dmp)3]I·MeOH, in consequence, presumably, of constraints imposed by the ligand substituents, a novel array of quasi‐m symmetry, with out‐of‐plane coordination of the metal atom, is found for the first structurally defined [M(dmp)3]n± species. A hydrated adduct, KClO4 : phen : H2O (1:5:6) is also described, being of the form [(phen)3K(μ‐OH2)2K(phen)3](ClO4)2·4phen·4H2O, the unusual stereochemistry about the metal atom presumably strongly influenced by packing effects as is the lattice array itself.
The New Silver Thiostannate (1,4‐dabH2)Ag2SnS4: Solvothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Spectroscopic Properties
Authors: Pienack Nicole , Bensch Wolfgang 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe new compound (1,4‐dabH2)Ag2SnS4 (1,4‐dab = 1,4‐diaminobutane) was prepared under solvothermal conditions and crystallizes in the tetragonal space group P42/n with lattice parameters a = 14.7847(8) Å, c = 11.9087(6) Å, V = 2603.1(2) Å3, Z = 8. In the structure SnS4 tetrahedra and AgS3 triangles are joined to form an one‐dimensional [Ag2SnS4]2− anionic chain. Prominent structural features of the chains are distorted Ag4S4 and Ag2Sn2S4 cubes sharing common faces. Four edges of the Ag4S4 cube are capped by two Sn and two S atoms whereas the latter cube is capped by two Ag and two S atoms. Another description bases on the interconnection of two Ag4 tetrahedra by two S atoms to form an Ag8S2 unit which is joined by two SnS4 tetrahedra yielding the anionic chains. The compound was characterized with Raman spectroscopy.
Synthesis of 2,6‐Bis(bis(2‐(methylthio)phenyl)phosphino)‐4‐methylphenol, a Novel Polydentate Ligand Containing Two Tripodal [S,S,P,O] Coordination Pockets; Crystal Structure of the Dimeric Thallium(I) Complex
Authors: Beganskiene Aldona , Kongprakaiwoot Natcharee , Luck Rudy L. , Urnezius Eugenijus 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe reactions of bis(2‐(methylthio)phenyl)chlorophosphine (5a) (2 equivalents) with the O‐protected 2,6‐dilithio‐4‐methylphenol followed by acidic workup led to the isolation of 2,6‐bis(bis(2‐(methylthio)phenyl)phosphino)‐4‐methylphenol (2). Analogous reactions do not proceed if the sterically bulkier bis(2‐(tert‐butylthio)phenyl)chlorophosphine (5b) is used instead of 5a. Compound 2 is a topological analog of binucleading ligands built on a 2,6‐diaminophenol core, where two tripodal N‐ or O‐ligating compartments are flanking the phenolate functionality. A distinguishing feature of 2 is the “soft” donor environment of the potentially [S,S,P]‐ligating pockets flanking the phenolic OH group. Reaction of 2 with TlOEt lead to the formation of the dimeric thallium(I) phenoxide (3), which was characterized by a single crystal X‐ray diffraction study. In addition to μ‐phenoxide ligation, in the solid state each thallium atom also interacts with two phosphorus atoms from the opposing ligands. The interactions are not equivalent, with the two TlI–P distances differing by ca. 0.3Å. No significant Tl···S interactions are present in the solid state. Room temperature 31P NMR measurements indicate the dynamic behavior of 3 in solution.
Intake, utilization, and composition of browses consumed by the Sumatran rhinoceros (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harissoni) in captivity in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Dierenfeld Ellen S. , Kilbourn Annelisa , Karesh William , Bosi Edwin , Andau Mahedi , Alsisto Sylvia 
Published: August 2006

AbstractThe significant threats to the fewer than 30 wild Dicerorhinus sumatrensis harrissoni, the Bornean sub‐species of the Sumatran rhinoceros, are obvious and include poaching, habitat loss, and environmental changes. Subtle effects on population survival, however, include nutritional or other diseases, which affect morbidity and reproductive success. To address these issues and focus on animals within their natural range, this feeding trial and analysis characterizes the diet fed to the only three captive D. s. harissoni in the world housed at the Sumatran Rhino Breeding Center (SRBC) in Sabah, Malaysia. The study provides an indication of the variance in nutrient composition in local browse, and a comparison with other captive feeding studies. Mean dry matter intake (DMI), comprising ∼90% native browse species, equaled 3.55% (range=2.8–4.1%) of body mass, with a dry matter digestibility averaging 82%. The mean crude protein content of native browses (n=8 spp.) averaged 11.2% (DM basis; range=5–23%, depending on plant part), with available protein measured at 7.8%. Leaves contained significantly (P<0.001) more crude protein, and less (P<0.001) fiber (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and lignin) than twig fractions analyzed, but animals consumed both fractions rather non‐selectively. Of minerals quantified, Na and P were potentially limiting in native browses compared to equid nutrient requirements, and Se may have been marginal. Ca, K, and Fe levels in particular were high in most native browses. Specifically, iron ranged from 45–1,400 mg/kg (mean=230 mg/kg DM), with only three preferred species containing this nutrient at <100 mg/kg. Excess dietary iron has been linked with health issues in browsing rhinos. Additionally, high levels of other minerals (for example Mn, with a mean of 382 mg/kg DM in this study), can precipitate deficiencies in crucial elements such as calcium. In view of the structural and chemical variations of the different parts of the same plants, dietary guidelines should be developed and incorporated into the basic husbandry of these animals that include increasing the number and combinations of species of browse offered daily to adjust for variance in protein, fiber, other nutritional components and food preference, to increasing the quantity of food offered per day based on desired weight gain and reproductive status. This, combined with information on the free‐ranging rhinoceros diet composition, and additional intake and digestibility trials (with concurrent serum analysis to evaluate nutritional status) should greatly assist in providing optimal diets for this highly endangered species. Zoo Biol 0:1–15, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The A985G mutation in the medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase gene: high prevalence in the swiss population resident in Geneva
Authors: Conne B. , Zufferey R. , Belin D. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryWe have determined the frequency of the A985G mutation in the medium‐chain acyl‐CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) gene in a cohort of 1142 healthy babies born in two Geneva hospitals. Among babies with at least one Swiss parent, heterozygotes were detected at a frequency of 1/52, with a 95% confidence range from 1/82 to 1/38. The high frequency of the carrier state for this mutation suggests that MCAD‐deficient babies are born with a frequency of 1/10 000 in the Swiss population. This number is in sharp contrast with the low number of symptomatic MCAD‐deficient patients diagnosed in this country. Thus, the fraction of homozygotes who remain asymptomatic is likely to be very high in the Swiss population, and possibly higher than in other countries of northern Europe.
3‐Hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine in 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase deficiency
Authors: van Hove J. L. K. , Rutledge S. L. , Nada M. A. , Kahler S. G. , Millington D. S. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryA new acylcarnitine was observed in the plasma and urine of a patient with isolated 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase deficiency. Analysis by tandem mass spectrometry of the methyl ester and butyl ester and their fragment ion spectra identified it as a 3‐hydroxy‐C5‐acylcarnitine. Fibroblasts from a second patient were incubated with deuterium‐labelled leucine. Incorporation of label in the new acylcarnitine identified its origin from leucine, and thus confirmed the structure as 3‐hydroxyisovalerylcarnitine. The presence of elevated amounts of this metabolite, plus a small amount of 3‐methylcrotonylcarnitine in plasma, was diagnostic for isolated 3‐methylcrotonyl‐CoA carboxylase deficiency. Other conditions in which a hydroxy‐C5‐acylcarnitine was present were readily differentiated by the abnormal elevation of other acylcarnitines.
First‐trimester enzyme exclusion of farber disease using a micromethod with [3H]ceramide
Authors: Akhunov V. S. , Gargaun S. S. , Krasnopolskaya X. D. 
Published: August 2006

SummaryFarber disease was diagnosed in a patient with typical features and ceramide accumulation in lipogranulomatous nodules. [3H]Ceramide with high specific activity was prepared and used to confirm diagnosis in the patient after her death and for prenatal studies in this family. A micromethod was developed for ceramidase assay in chorionic villi.
Willow leaf traits affecting host use by the leaf‐gall‐forming sawfly
Authors: Yamazaki Kazuo , Ohsaki Naota 
Published: August 2006

AbstractGall‐forming insects usually have very restricted host ranges, but plant traits affecting patterns of host use have rarely been examined. The sawfly Phyllocolpa sp. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) forms leaf‐roll galls on three of seven Salix (Salicaceae) species that occur together on riverbanks in central Japan. We have attempted to explain this host‐use pattern by invoking three plant traits: synchrony of leaf flush with the oviposition period of the sawfly, intrinsic leaf quality as a potential larval food, and leaf morphology. Two Salix species frequently used by the sawfly, Salix eriocarpa and Salix pierotii, had similar leaf traits suitable for larval survival. The third species, Salix serissaefolia, was used relatively less often and the sawfly frequently stopped laying eggs on the plant during oviposition, suggesting ovipositional selection. S. serissaefolia had the smallest leaves, and survival of sawfly larvae was lower on S. serissaefolia than on S. eriocarpa and S. pierotii, because of gall destruction, by other herbivorous insects, and leaf‐size restrictions. Among the four unused species, Salix chaenomeloides had a late leaf‐flush phenology, Salix gracilistyla had inferior leaf quality, and Salix gilgiana had linear leaves; these seemed to be critical factors for non‐use. Salix subfragilis was also unused, but the reason for this could not be explained by the three leaf traits studied.
The contribution of patch topology and demographic parameters to population viability analysis predictions: the case of the European tree frog
Authors: Pellet Jérôme , Maze Gérard , Perrin Nicolas 
Published: August 2006

AbstractPopulation viability analyses (PVA) are increasingly used in metapopulation conservation plans. Two major types of models are commonly used to assess vulnerability and to rank management options: population‐based stochastic simulation models (PSM such as RAMAS or VORTEX) and stochastic patch occupancy models (SPOM). While the first set of models relies on explicit intrapatch dynamics and interpatch dispersal to predict population levels in space and time, the latter is based on spatially explicit metapopulation theory where the probability of patch occupation is predicted given the patch area and isolation (patch topology). We applied both approaches to a European tree frog (Hyla arborea) metapopulation in western Switzerland in order to evaluate the concordances of both models and their applications to conservation. Although some quantitative discrepancies appeared in terms of network occupancy and equilibrium population size, the two approaches were largely concordant regarding the ranking of patch values and sensitivities to parameters, which is encouraging given the differences in the underlying paradigms and input data.
The domain of production and operations management and the role of Elwood Buffa in its delineation
Authors: Singhal Kalyan , Singhal Jaya , Starr Martin K. 
Published: August 2006

AbstractProduction and operations management (POM), as we know it today, was established in the 1960s in response to various drivers. Elwood Spencer Buffa first published his textbook,Modern Production Management, in 1961. He had degrees in business and engineering and had worked as an industrial engineer. He was also part of the UCLA–RAND academic complex whose operations researchers coined the termmanagement scienceand conceived the idea of The Institute of Management Sciences. Buffa coined the termoperations managementand consolidated knowledge from various streams of production management, including operations research and industrial engineering, into a coherent managerial framework.Modern business education had started to emerge around 1959 after reports from the Carnegie Corporation and the Ford Foundation recommended improving research and analytical approaches. Many business schools created courses in POM. At the time, no single book covered what we now call production and operations management. The POM faculty at most business schools, including Columbia's Graduate School of Business, adopted Buffa's book enthusiastically when they introduced courses in “production management”. Buffa was an extraordinary visionary who covered supply chain management, design for manufacturing, quality management, service operations, and computer applications and the automated factory. The POM community pursued these issues more actively 2 or 3 decades later.
First psychiatric hospitalizations in the US military: the National Collaborative Study of Early Psychosis and Suicide (NCSEPS)
Authors: HERRELL RICHARD , HENTER IOLINE D. , MOJTABAI RAMIN , BARTKO JOHN J. , VENABLE DIANE , SUSSER EZRA , MERIKANGAS KATHLEEN R. , WYATT RICHARD J. 
Published: August 2006

Background. Military samples provide an excellent context to systematically ascertain hospitalization for severe psychiatric disorders. The National Collaborative Study of Early Psychosis and Suicide (NCSEPS), a collaborative study of psychiatric disorders in the US Armed Forces, estimated rates of first hospitalization in the military for three psychiatric disorders: bipolar disorder (BD), major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia.Method. First hospitalizations for BD, MDD and schizophrenia were ascertained from military records for active duty personnel between 1992 and 1996. Rates were estimated as dynamic incidence (using all military personnel on active duty at the midpoint of each year as the denominator) and cohort incidence (using all military personnel aged 18–25 entering active duty between 1992 and 1996 to estimate person-years at risk).Results. For all three disorders, 8723 hospitalizations were observed in 8120136 person-years for a rate of 10·7/10000 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10·5–11·0]. The rate for BD was 2·0 (95% CI 1·9–2·1), for MDD, 7·2 (95% CI 7·0–7·3), and for schizophrenia, 1·6 (95% CI 1·5–1·7). Rates for BD and MDD were greater in females than in males [for BD, rate ratio (RR) 2·0, 95% CI 1·7–2·2; for MDD, RR 2·9, 95% CI 2·7–3·1], but no sex difference was found for schizophrenia. Blacks had lower rates than whites of BD (RR 0·8, 95% CI 0·7–0·9) and MDD (RR 0·8, 95% CI 0·8–0·9), but a higher rate of schizophrenia (RR 1·5, 95% CI 1·3–1·7).Conclusions. This study underscores the human and financial burden that psychiatric disorders place on the US Armed Forces.