bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective BINOL‐Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Pictet—Spengler Reactions of N‐Benzyltryptamine.
Authors: Sewgobind Nishant V. , Wanner Martin J. , Ingemann Steen , de Gelder Rene , van Maarseveen Jan H. , Hiemstra Henk 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Thiazolo[3,2‐a]pyrimidin‐5‐one Derivatives in Reaction of 3‐Allyl‐2‐thiouracils Cyclization.
Authors: Studzinska Renata , Wroblewski Marcin , Draminski Marcin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Preparation of β‐Aryl‐β‐ketophosphonates by the TFAA/H3PO4‐Mediated Acylation of Arenes with Phosphonoacetic Acids.
Authors: Luke George P. , Seekamp Christopher K. , Wang Zhe‐Qing , Chenard Bertrand L. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantioenriched α‐(Hydroxyalkyl)‐tri‐n‐butylstannanes.
Authors: He Anyu , Falck John R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Iptycenes in the Design of High Performance Polymers
Authors: Swager Timothy M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microreactors as Tools in the Hands of Synthetic Chemists
Authors: Seeberger P. H. , Geyer K. , Codee J. D. C. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of clinical trials on the use of beta blockers after acute myocardial infarction and its relation to other risk indicators for death and 1‐year mortality rate
Authors: Karlson Björn W. , Herlitz Johan , Hjalmarson Å. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBased on selected patient populations, several randomized trials have shown beta blockers to decrease mortality after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The purpose of this study was to describe the use of beta blockers in various subsets of patients admitted to Sahlgren's Hospital between February 15, 1986, and November 9, 1987, with AMI, and the relation of AMI to other risk indicators for death and to a 1‐year mortality rate. Beta blockers, mainly metoprolol, were prescribed for 66% of all survivors at discharge. They were more frequently prescribed for younger patients and for those with a previous history of AMI and hypertension, but less frequently for those with a history of congestive heart failure and diabetes mellitus. Patients for whom beta blockers were not prescribed had a 1‐year mortality of 27% versus 11% for the rest (p < 0.001). Independent predictors of 1 ‐year mortality after discharge were age (p < 0.001 ), history of hypertension (p < 0.001 ), prescription of beta blockers at discharge (p < 0.001 ), congestive heart failure during hospitalization (p < 0.001), and a history of AMI (p < 0.01 ). P values were corrected for baseline differences. Beta blockers were not prescribed at discharge for one‐third of survivors after AMI. This group had a very high mortality during the first year. When simultaneously considering various risk indicators for death, prescription of beta blockers at discharge was associated with an increased rate of survival.
An approximate stochastic analysis of the packet‐pair probing technique for available bandwidth estimation
Authors: Tunnicliffe Martin J. , Winnett Maria 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe packet‐pair probing algorithm for network‐bandwidth estimation is examined and an approximate model is proposed for predicting its behaviour. The model replaces the Poisson arrival process with a Gaussian distribution and resolves the queue‐size profile into two separate components: A transient component representing the buffer‐emptying process and an equilibrium component representing the return to steady‐state behaviour. Comparison with discrete‐event simulation results shows that the model is accurate in single‐hop paths when utilization is ⩽70% when the cross‐traffic packets are ⩽½ the size of the probe packets. When extended to two‐hop paths, the model remains accurate for smaller cross‐traffic packets (\documentclass{article}\footskip=0pc\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\leq\frac{1}{10}-\frac{1}{5}$\end{document}the probe‐packet size). Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
MLCC: A new hash‐chained mechanism for multicast source authentication
Authors: Eltaief H. , Youssef H. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAsymmetric cryptography has been widely used to generate a digital signature for message authentication. However, such a strategy cannot be used for packet authentication. Neither the source nor the receiver will be capable of handling the computational cost of asymmetric cryptography. For unicast communication, the solution adopted is based on symmetric cryptography. Solutions based on symmetric cryptography do not scale for multicast communication. Several solutions have been reported to authenticate multicast streams, with the possibility of packet losses. Proposed solutions are based on the concept of signature amortization, where a single signature is amortized on several packets. In this paper we present a new mechanism for multicast data source authentication based on signature amortization. Multi‐layers connected chains divides the packet stream into a multi‐layer structure, where each layer is a two‐dimensional matrix. The hash of a packet is included into a forward chain of packets within the same layer as well as a downward chain of packets across multiple layers. The values of the key parameters that influence the mechanism efficiency as well as its performance are selected following a mathematical analysis. Comparisons of performance results with the well‐known efficient multi‐chained stream signature scheme as well as a recently reported scheme multiple connected chains model show that the proposed mechanism achieves a stronger resistance to packet losses with low overhead and high authentication probability. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Indole in DNA: Comparison of a Nucleosidic with a Non‐Nucleosidic DNA Base Substitution
Authors: Barbaric Janez , Wanninger‐Weiß Claudia , Wagenknecht Hans‐Achim 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe synthetic incorporation of indole as an artificial DNA base into oligonucleotides by two different structural approaches is described. For both types of modification, the indole moiety is attached through the C‐3 position to the oligonucleotides. As a mimic of natural nucleosides, the indole nucleoside of β‐2′‐deoxyribofuranoside (In) was synthesized. The corresponding In‐modified duplexes were compared with duplexes that contained the indole group connected through (S)‐3‐amino‐1,2‐propanediol as an acyclic linker between the phosphodiester bridges of the oligonucleotides. This linker was tethered to the C‐3 position of the indole heterocycle either directly (In″) or by a carbamate function (In′). The melting temperatures of the corresponding indole‐modified DNA duplexes were measured and compared. Interestingly, not only the In′ and In″ modifications but also the natural‐like In base surrogate destabilize the DNA duplex strongly. This result supports our approach to apply the acyclic glycol linker to incorporate aromatic molecules as artificial DNA base substitutions. The major advantage of acyclic glycol linkers [such as the applied (S)‐3‐amino‐1,2‐propanediol] is that the corresponding modifications are synthetically more easily and readily accessible, as it avoids the preparation of the nucleosidic bond and the separation and purification of the α‐ and β‐anomers. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Numerical solutions of liquid metal flows by incompressible magneto‐hydrodynamics with heat transfer
Authors: Şentürk Kenan , Tessarotto Massimo , Aslan Necdet 
Published: December 2008

AbstractA two‐dimensional incompressible magneto‐hydrodynamic code is presented in order to solve the steady state or transient magnetized or neutral convection problems with the effect of heat transfer. The code utilizes a numerical matrix distribution scheme that runs on structured or unstructured triangular meshes and employs a dual time‐stepping technique with multi‐stage Runge–Kutta algorithm. The code can be used to simulate the natural convection with internal heat generation and absorption and nonlinear time‐dependent evolution of heated and magnetized liquid metals exposed to external fields. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Moving‐boundary analysis of net vapor generation point in a steam generator
Authors: Paruya S. , Bhattacharya P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper deals with the study of the dynamics of net vapor generation point in the boiling channel of the steam generator of Kaiga‐1 nuclear power plant. The dynamics has been studied by perturbing liquid velocity at the inlet of boiling channel with a step function and heating rate with a ramp function. Both finite volume method (FVM) and finite difference method (FDM) have been applied to solve the model equations that have been developed to predict boiling boundary. The effect of thermal non‐equilibrium conditions on subcooled boiling has been taken into consideration. A comparative study of the two methods has been carried out based on the analytical solution of the equations. The study shows that at higher system frequency, increasing number of computational grids increase the accuracy of numerical solutions using FVM while FDM fails to achieve the same. The superiority of FVM over FDM for the problem has also been confirmed by grid convergence analysis. An attempt has also been made to find the analytical solution of the effect of change of heat input on boiling boundary, which is an essential part of computations for the simulation of startup and shutdown of the steam generator. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of carbamazepine and lithium in treatment of bipolar disorder: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Ceron‐Litvoc Daniela , Soares Bernardo Garcia , Geddes John , Litvoc Julio , Lima Mauricio Silva de 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivesTo review data from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the comparative efficacy of carbamazepine and lithium in treatment of acute manic and maintenance phase of bipolar disorder (BD).DesignRCTs were identified through a search strategy that included: electronic databases, reference cross‐checking, hand search of non‐indexed publications, and book chapters on the treatment of BD comparing carbamazepine with lithium. Outcomes investigated were antimanic effect, trial withdrawal, relapse, hospitalization, need for rescue medication, and presence of adverse effects. Selection of studies and data analysis were performed independently by authors. Whenever possible, data from trials were combined through meta‐analyses. Relative risks (RR) were estimated for dichotomous data.ResultsIn acute mania, carbamazepine was similar to lithium on the following outcomes: trial withdrawal due to adverse effects, number of participants with at least one adverse effect, improvement in the Clinical Global Impression (CGI). In acute mania, carbamazepine was associated with fewer trial withdrawals. In maintenance treatment, carbamazepine was similar to lithium in relapses and hospitalization, but there were fewer trial withdrawals due to adverse effects on lithium.ConclusionThis review suggests that carbamazepine might be comparable to lithium in terms of efficacy and safety, and therefore a valuable option in the treatment of both manic and maintenance phases. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Automatic annular laser trapping: a system for high‐throughput sperm analysis and sorting
Authors: Shi Linda , Shao Bing , Chen Timothy , Berns Michael 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAn automatic microscope system is designed to study the response of sperm motility to an annular laser trap. A continuous annular laser trap provides a parallel way to analyze and sort sperm based on their motility and to study the effects of laser radiation, optical force and external obstacles. In the described automatic microscope system, the phase contrast images of swimming sperm are digitized to the computer at video rates. The microscope stage is controlled in real‐time to relocate the sperm of interest to the annular trap with a normal or tangential entering angle. The sperm is continuously tracked and the swimming behavior is identified. Using this system, parallel sorting on human and gorilla sperm are achieved and threshold power levels separating the “fast” group and the “slow” group are compared for those two species. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
High‐resolution differentiation of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy strains by quantitative N‐terminal amino acid profiling (N‐TAAP) of PK‐digested abnormal prion protein
Authors: Gielbert Adriana , Davis Linda A. , Sayers A. Robin , Hope James , Gill Andrew C. , Sauer Maurice J. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNew forms of transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) continue to be identified, and consequently sensitive differential diagnosis is increasingly important both for the management of disease in humans and livestock and in providing confidence in the safety of the food chain. TSE diseases are associated with accumulation of protease‐resistant prion protein (PrPSc) and detection of this marker protein is central to diagnosis. Proteolysis by proteinase K (PK) generates protease‐resistant products (PrPres) with partially variable N‐termini. The conformation(s) of PrPSc and thus the points of PK cleavage are thought to be dependent on the strain of prion disease. Western blot (WB) analysis of PrPres gives characteristic migration patterns that can be used to diagnose TSEs, but the relatively low resolution of this technique limits its ability to differentiate certain disease strains. Mass spectrometry (MS) has the capability to resolve these various PK cleavage sites to the level of individual amino acid residues. In the present study multiple selected reaction monitoring (mSRM) was used to detect and quantify PrPres N‐terminal tryptic peptides by MS and thus to define the N‐terminal amino acid profiles (N‐TAAPs) of PrPres characteristic for various TSEs in sheep. The fragmentation behaviour of the N‐terminal tryptic peptides was studied to allow selection of the transitions specific for each peptide. Different PrPres preparation methods were evaluated and the most effective approach applied to differentiate the N‐TAAPs corresponding to various sheep TSE isolates. Marked differences were identified between the N‐TAAPs of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) and classical scrapie, and between classical scrapie and the experimental strains SSBP/1 and CH1641, thereby validating this approach as a means of TSE‐strain specific diagnosis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seasonal precipitation trends in the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula in second half of 20th century
Authors: De Luis Martín , González‐Hidalgo José Carlos , Longares Luis Alberto , Štepánek Petr 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis is a study of the changes in annual and seasonal precipitation amounts and variability, during the period 1951–2000, using MOPREDAMES. This dataset includes 1113 complete and homogeneous monthly precipitation time series from the Mediterranean Iberian Peninsula (IP), and corresponds to the five official Spanish hydrological divisions which drain into the Mediterranean Sea. The time series of annual and seasonal precipitation were used to test for trends. The absolute value of the anomaly time series was also tested for trends to identify changes in interannual variability of precipitation. The significance of these changes was assessed using the non‐parametric Spearman rank test. The intensities of observed changes, both on mean values and variability, were estimated by using linear regression techniques. Finally, we analysed the area affected by different trends by using raster maps and spatial statistics, in addition to calculating the global balances for the five hydrological divisions. We detected high variability in precipitation regimes and conditions in the study area; nevertheless, a decrease in seasonal and annual precipitation has predominated in the east of the IP during the second half of the 20th century. On an annual scale, precipitation has diminished over 90.1% of the study area. Additionally, a high percentage of the territory was affected by diminishing precipitation at a seasonal level: 85% (of territory) in summer, 82% in spring, 64% during winter and 61% in autumn. Taking the study area as a whole, seasonal precipitation decreases are ranked as follows: summer (−22.5%), spring (−19.3%), winter (−7.3%), and autumn (−5.2%), with a decrease in the value of the global mean annual precipitation − 12.4%. We also detected an increase of precipitation variability in winter (+23.5%) and summer (+11.4%), and a decrease in autumn and spring (−14.9 and − 16.8%, respectively) with a global mean value of + 7.8%. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Monthly precipitation trends on the Mediterranean fringe of the Iberian Peninsula during the second‐half of the twentieth century (1951–2000)
Authors: Gonzalez‐Hidalgo Jose Carlos , Lopez‐Bustins Joan‐Albert , Štepánek Petr , Martin‐Vide Javier , de Luis Martin 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWe analysed monthly precipitation trends on the eastern Mediterranean fringe of the Iberian Peninsula (IP) by means of a new monthly precipitation database [Monthly Precipitation Dataset, Mediterranean Spain (MOPREDAMES)]. This database was created following an exhaustive quality control of the archives from the Meteorological Agency of Spain (Instituto Nacional de Meteorología, INM), and comprises 1113 complete and homogeneous monthly precipitation series (1951–2000), covering 180 000 km2 (one‐third of IP area). The new data set currently offers the highest spatial density of stations on the IP and around the Mediterranean Sea (1 station/150–200 km2), and includes available information at 1500 m asl.The analyses of monthly precipitation trends indicate high spatial and temporal variability. No global trend in the study area was found, except for March, when significant negative trends affect the whole study area. Trends for winter months (December–January–February) are dominated by an East–West gradient with a latitudinal temporal shift. Positive trends are mainly located in coastland areas and negatives ones predominate inland. April shows a North‐positive South‐negative gradient, and the reverse is true for June and September. Negative trends are dominant in October over most of the study area, except for the Pyrenees area. July and August show the most complex spatial distribution pattern, with well‐delimited areas of positive trends to the south and northwest. We generally detected no significant trends in May and November.In order to analyse the nature of rainfall variability in the study area, we also studied the synchronous influence of different low‐variability modes [the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), the Mediterranean Oscillation (MO) and the Western Mediterranean Oscillation (WeMO)]. On the Mediterranean fringe of the IP precipitation is mainly related to negative phases of the three low‐frequency variability patterns analysed, and the MO and the WeMO emerge as predominant teleconnection patterns. These results suggest that monthly variations in rainfall may result from the simultaneous effects of different atmospheric modes of low variability, especially those linked to the Mediterranean region.Studies making use of high‐density precipitation databases, as is the case in this paper, are useful for a better understanding of precipitation behaviour in a complex area like the Mediterranean fringe of the IP. The results also provide valuable information for downscaling and hydrological management. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society
Bayesian analysis of changes in Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature
Authors: Schleip Christoph , Menzel Annette , Dose Volker 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper describes long‐term changes of global atmospheric temperature, using a strict Bayesian approach which considers three different models to describe the time series: the constant model, the linear model and a change point model. The change point model allows the description of nonlinear annual rates of change with associated confidence intervals. We calculate the probabilities of each of the three models and average finally over these models to obtain the expected functional behaviour and rate of change in temperature with annual resolution. We apply this procedure to a new homogenized Radiosonde Atmospheric Temperature Products for Assessing Climate (RATPAC‐A) data set. Annual mean temperature for 13 pressure levels from the surface to 30 hPa is examined. Residual sums of squares reveal that Bayesian‐model‐averaged function descriptions and rates of changes are especially useful and informative for the surface, troposphere and tropopause and less appropriate for the stratosphere. From the surface up to the tropopause (200–100 hPa), the results reveal that the change point model provides the best data fit. Despite the occurrence of two volcanic eruptions El Chicón (1982) and Mt. Pinatubo (1991), the stratosphere (70–30 hPa) shows a preference for the linear model (60%). The near surface changes exhibit comparatively high change point probability around 1985 and 1995, whereas those at the tropopause level are highest between 1995 and 2000. For the surface and troposphere the model‐averaged functional behaviour increases quite constantly, whereas the model‐averaged functional behaviour for the tropopause decreases until the end of the 1990s and increases from 2000 onwards. The limitations of the currently used radiosonde data render interpretation of the observed changes difficult. Additionally undetected change points may result from our limited model space. In future it should be tested whether a multiple change point model provides a better data description for the stratosphere. Copyright © 2008 Royal Meteorological Society