bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Lymphocyte Antigens in Patients with Down's Syndrome
Authors: Boxer L. A. , Yokoyama M. 
Published: March 2009

SummaryThe present study was designated to test whether surface antigenicity would be reduced in patients with Down's syndrome as a reflection of diminished protein synthesis in response to stimulators of cellular immunity. Leukocyte typing was carried out on lymphocytes from 23 Caucasian children and 13 Japanese children, all with Down's syndrome. It was found that the lymphocytes from patients with Down's syndrome reacted less frequently than the control group in the microcytotoxicity test. Furthermore, in 6 families available for full study, patients with Down's syndrome showed marked deletions of the expected HL‐A haplotype. The findings of diminished antigen reactivity may be related to the phenomenon of triploidy.
Purification and Characterization of Anti‐A Agglutinin from Euhadra callizoma amaliae
Authors: Mukaida Masahiro , Takatsu Akihiro , Ishiyama Ikuo 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Snail agglutinin (anti‐AEc, anti‐A1 of cold agglutinin type) from the albumin gland of Euhadra callizona amaliae was purified by affinity chromatography (meconium‐A aminoethyl cellulose). Its physicochemicl properties are as follows: S20, w: 5.3S. Isoelectric point: pH 3.6. Molecular weight: 8.9 × 104. Hexose content: 5.1%. The amino acid composition is that of an acidic protein.The agglutination is inhibited by GalNAc, GNAc, raffinose, and melibiose at low concentration. It does not agglutinate B‐ and O‐RDE‐treated human red cells. Some blood group A‐active substances (secretor A saliva and hog gastric mucin A + H) have low potency to inhibit the agglutination. Anti‐ABC has no ability to release the cell‐fixed anti‐Eorssman haemolysin and the cell‐fixed blood group A‐decomposing enzyme. The significance of the antigen distribution on the limited area of the erythrocyte and protein surface is also discussed. Precipitin reaction of this agglutinin with various blood group‐active substances has shown that anti‐AEc is directed to a narrow‐range spectrum of determining antigenicity.
Erythroblastosis Fetalis Caused by Anti‐Wra (Wright)
Authors: Jørgensen Jan , Jacobsen Lisa 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. A case of severe erythroblastosis fetalis due to the Wright antibody anti‐Wra is reported. The mother was challenged for the first time with the corresponding antigen in the actual pregnancy. External version was tried several times in the last trimester which might have caused a large feto‐maternal bleeding.The introduction of the Rh immunoprophylaxis which is effective in nearly all cases will result in an increase in the relative importance of other red cell antibodies as the cause of erythroblastosis fetalis. In the following, we report a case of erythroblastosis fetalis due to anti‐Wra.
Complement Fixing and Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies in Serum of Pregnant Women at Delivery
Authors: Nymand Gunnar 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. The paper concerns 275 sera of pregnant women at delivery containing complement fixing platelet antibodies (CFPAb) and/or lymphocytotoxic antibodies (LCTAb). 79 sera contained operationally monospecific antibodies against platelets and/or lymphocytes. 10 sera had only CFPAb, 4 of these were C‐fix anti‐A. 41 sera had CFPAb and LCTAb, 18 of these were monospecific against platelets and/or lymphocytes. In 224 sera only LCTAb could be demonstrated, 57 were monospecific.Furthermore in 8 of 258 primigravidae, screened for LCTAb 6 months post partum, antibodies were detected. Generally the antibodies present at delivery had disappeared or narrowed, but in 3 cases the antibodies were detectable only in the postpartum sample.
Mild Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn due to Anti‐Jk3: A Serologic Study of the Family's Kidd Antigens
Authors: Kuczmarski C.A. , Bergren M.O. , Perkins H.A. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThis report presents the first prospectively followed case of hemolytic disease of the newborn due to anti‐Jk3 alone. A Samoan woman with known anti‐Jk3 was closely monitored during her third pregnancy. Because of elevated ΔOD values in the amniotic fluid and rising titer of serum antibody, labor was induced at 36 weeks gestation. The cord red blood cells were coated with IgG, and anti‐Jk3 was eluted from the cord cells and the placenta. A family study was done quantitating the expression of Kidd antigens by titrations and scores. Although titrations and scores have been reported to identify cells carrying the silent allele Jk in the heterozygous state, in this family, dosage differences were noted with only 1 of 2 Jk‐heterozygous daughters.
Controversies in Autotransfusion
Authors: Hauer Jerome M. , Thurer Robert L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAlthough techniques for autotransfusion have been available for many years, recently the various methods of collecting and reinfusing a patient's own blood have become popular once again. There are many advantages in using a patient's own blood for transfusion, but there are many issues that remain unanswered or controversial. In an effort to clarify and, therefore, reduce many of the concerns often experienced about using autotransfused blood, we have outlined the current state‐of‐the‐art in autotransfusion practice, primarily addressing these issues and concerns.
Antithrombin III and Related Parameters in Surgical Patients Receiving Blood Components
Authors: Lundsgaard‐Hansen P. , Ehrengruber E. , Frei E. , Papp E. , Senn A. , Tschirren B. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractWe examined the intra‐ and postoperative behavior of antithrombin III (AT), factor V, VIII, and fibrinogen in 27 elective surgical patients without evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and treated according to the concept of blood component therapy inaugurated at our hospital in 1975. The intraoperative depletions of AT and fibrinogen were proportional to the transfusion volumes and correlated significantly. AT, fibrinogen, and especially factor V and VIII were significantly mobilized during surgery. A greater intraoperative depletion of AT was significantly associated with a faster recovery during the first 24 postoperative h. The AT activity was virtually stable over a period of 4 weeks in CPD‐adenine red cell concentrates; fresh frozen plasma and whole blood are thus not essential as a source of AT. The application of our concept did not increase the frequency of thromboembolic complications, despite the fact that the intraoperative AT values fell below the presumed ‘critical’ level of 60–70% in some patients. The probable reasons are the brief duration of such levels, the simultaneous depletion of coagulation‐promoting plasma constituents (e.g. fibrinogen), and the use of antithrombotic prophylaxis. Our results suggest no reasons for a routine use of fresh frozen plasma in patients with a loss and replacement of less than about 75% of their blood volume.
Labile Coagulation Factors in Thawed Fresh Frozen Plasma Prepared by Two Methods
Authors: Kakaiya Ram. M. , Morse Edward E. , Panek Sophia 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTwo preparations of fresh frozen plasma were studied. The plasma from CPDA‐1 whole blood units was either frozen within 6 h (FFP‐I) or 18–20 h (FFP‐II) of phlebotomy. Average activity for factor VIII for FFP‐I (n = 6) and FFP‐II (n = 19) was 102% and 55%, respectively (p<0.01). Average activity for factor V and VII in both products was approximately 100%. Factor XI activity (n = 13) in FFP‐II averaged 84%. We conclude that FFP‐I and FFP‐II are equivalent in terms of coagulation factor activity except for factor VIII.
Platelet‐ and Granulocyte‐Specific Antibodies after Allogeneic and Autologous Bone Marrow Grafts1
Authors: Minchinton R.M. , Waters A. H. , Malpas J.S. , Starke I. , Kendra J.R. , Barrett A.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAfter bone marrow grafting, severe unexplained thrombocytopenia and granulocytopenia may complicate the post‐graft recovery of the patient. The present study has shown the presence of antibodies to platelets and granulocytes of donor origin in recipients of both allogeneic and autologous bone marrow grafts. In the case of autografts, such antibodies are by definition autoantibodies, and similar antibodies after allografting may also have an autoimmune origin. It is likely that this is the result of transient immune system imbalance, common to both allo‐ and autografts, in the early post‐graft period. The extent to which these antibodies affect the peripheral counts probably depends on the ability of the engrafted marrow to compensate for the rate of antibody‐mediated cell destruction.
I‐i– Phenotype in a Large Kindred Indian Family
Authors: Joshi S.R. , Bhatia H.M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe I‐i– phenotype was found to be a familial character upto three generations in a large Indian family having 93 Members. 15 members showed highly depressed Ii antigens while 6 of the members had partial depression of the Ii antigens on their red cells. It was evident in the family that the phenotype is associated with A1 antigen. The A1 antigen score on the red cells was significantly higher among the subjects with depressed Ii antigens. The I‐i– status was not considered as a dominant or a recessive character nor does the partial depression of the Ii antigens indicate a heterozygous state of the variant gene.
The Rosetting Antiglobulin Test as a Means of Determining the D Zygosity of Human Red Cells
Authors: Sharon R. , Galili U. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe erythrocyte‐antibody rosetting antiglobulin test was used to determine differences in the expression of various Rh antigens on homozygous and heterozygous Rh positive red blood cells. The rosetting antiglobulin test was able to detect the relative difference in expression of C, c, E and e on homo‐ and heterozygous red blood cells. Based on these findings, the test was used and found suitable for determining the genotypes of various D positive red blood cells.
Anti‐C4 in the Serum of a Transfused C4‐Deficient Patient with Systemic Lupus erythematosus
Authors: Giles Carolyn M. , Swanson Jane L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA C4‐deficient patient with systemic lupus erythematosus had been transfused on several occasions. His red cells reacted with a proportion of anti‐Rg (Rodgers) and anti‐Ch (Chido) reagents, but this was due to a separable antibody that did not have anti‐Rg or anti‐Ch specificity. Eluates of anti‐Rg and anti‐Ch indicate his red cell phenotype to be Rg–Ch–. Anti‐C4 has been identified in his serum that exhibits neither anti‐Rg nor anti‐Ch specificity, but has similar serological characteristics in reacting with C4‐ and C4d‐coated red cells.
Inhibition of Serological Reactions with Enzyme‐Treated Red Cells by Complement Binding Alloantibodies
Authors: Lown J.A.G. , Holland P.A.T. , Barr A.L. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractComplement‐binding antibodies (2 examples of anti‐Jka and 2 anti‐kell) which inhibit agglutination of enzyme‐treated cells have been investigated in the sera of 4 patients. The sera containing anti‐Jka also contained rhesus antibodies (c+E and D+C) which could not be readily identified by an enzyme technique due to failure of the Jka+ cells of the corresponding Rh phenotype to react. The inhibition of the enzyme test reactivity was revealed using a control reagent added to each test after the initial examination for agglutination. Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid to the sera prior to testing resulted in identifiable reactivity with panel red cells. Failure to recognise this phenomenon in sera containing antibodies reacting only by an enzyme technique could result in misidentification, delay in providing compatible blood and transfusion of incompatible blood. Routine control of enzyme tests to detect false‐negative results is recommended.
Azapropazone‐Associated Antibodies
Authors: Bird G.W.G. , Wingham June , Babb R.G. , Bacon P. , Wood Diana 
Published: March 2009

Abstract2 patients on the drug azapropazone developed positive antiglobulin tests. Their sera were each found to contain two distinct antibodies. One was an IgG antibody, probably a drug‐dependent autoantibody of the α‐methyldopa type, but could have been related to the disease. The other was certainly a drug‐dependent antibody of the penicillin type.
Opsonic and Complement‐Dependent Bactericidal Activities of Various Immunoglobulin Preparations for Intravenous Use
Authors: Yasuda H. , Yajima T. , Taniiy T. , Ashiba T. , Iwata M. 
Published: March 2009

Abstract. Some effector functions of various immunoglobulin (IgG) preparations have been compared. Tests for opsonic activity were performed in vitro with human peripheral blood leukocytes and in vivo with mice. The augmentation effects on luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence were investigated with human leukocytes. The complement‐dependent bactericidal activities were tested with Escherichia coli.Five IgG preparations: pH 4‐treated preparation (IG‐100), polyethyleneglycol‐treated preparation (PEG‐G), sulfonated preparation (S‐G), pepsin‐treated preparation (Pep‐G) and a preparation for intramuscular use (GGN) were studied. The results were as follows: (1) IG‐100 and PEG‐G exhibited strong activities in all test systems; (2) GGN showed a strong opsonic activity; (3) S‐G showed relatively weak activities in all test systems, but the revertant S‐G preparation exhibited somewhat stronger activities in all systems, and (4) Pep‐G showed weak or no activity in all systems.These results suggest that the IgG molecules in IG‐100 and PEG‐G preparations have satisfactory effector functions. On the other hand, IgG molecules in S‐G and Pep‐G preparation may have significant deficiencies in their biological functions.
Absence of HIV DNA Sequences in Seronegative Polytransfused Thalassemic Patients
Authors: Lefrère Jean‐Jacques , De Montalembert Mariane , Mariotti Martine , Girot Robert , Salmon Charles , Rouger Philippe , Rey Jean 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe risk of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by transfusion is not totally eliminated, since contaminated blood given before seroconversion to HIV is not detected on the actual biological screening. We used the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay (with one primer pair in the gag region and two in the pol region) to detect HIV DNA sequences in 30 seronegative polytransfused thalassemic patients and in 60 seropositive individuals (used as positive controls). We did not observe PCR‐positive HIV‐antibody‐negative results in seronegative polytransfused patients.
Effects of Hypertonic Saline (7.5%)/Dextran 70 on Human Red Cell Typing, Lysis, and Metabolism in vitro1
Authors: Moore Gerald L. , Summary James J. , Dubick Michael A. , Ledford Mary E. , Ryan Barbara A. , Gonzales Armando , Wade Charles E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe introduction of a 7.5% hypertonic saline/6% dextran 70 (HSD) solution into clinical trials for the treatment of hypovolemic states, and the past concerns regarding the possible interference of dextran with blood serology, prompted us to investigate the effects of HSD on human red‐cell typing and stability. HSD was evaluated with fresh and 35‐day stored CPDA‐1 red cells from 12 healthy donors. A 1:5 mixture of HSD to blood in vitro had no effect on ABO, Rh, and MN typing in both fresh and stored blood. HSD produced no significant lysis with fresh cells and a minimal level with stored blood. No evidence of metabolic or morphologic changes was seen after HSD treatment. The results of this study suggest that the clinical use of HSD for the treatment of hemorrhagic shock will not affect blood group determinations or red‐cell stability from stored blood which may be infused after the HSD‐treated patient is transported to a hospital.
A New, Low‐Incidence Red Cell Antigen (HOFM), Associated with Depressed C Antigen
Authors: Hoffmann J.J.M.L. , Overbeeke M.A.M. , Kaita H. , Loomans A.A.H. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA case of mild hemolytic disease of the newborn is presented which was caused by an antibody to a hitherto unknown antigen of low incidence. This antigen, now designated as HOFM (ISBT number 700050) was detected in 6 relatives, and in all of them, it was associated with an unusually weakened expression of C antigen. The serological data indicate that HOFM may be part of the Rh system, but the genetic data, although supportive of this interpretation, are inconclusive.
Quantitation of Soluble HLA Class II Molecules by an Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Westhoff Ulrike , Thinnes Friedrich P. , Götz Hilde , Grosse‐Wilde Hans 
Published: March 2009

AbstractIn order to quantify soluble HLA‐DR,DQ,DP molecules (sHLA‐RQP) an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was developed utilizing two monoclonal antibodies specific for HLA‐DR,DP (Tü35) and HLA‐DQ (Tü22) gene products, respectively. Highly purified HLA class II molecules isolated from a lymphoblastoid cell line were used for calculation of exact sHLA‐RQP protein values. Circadian variations of sHLA‐RQP plasma levels were studied in 7 healthy probands showing no significant deviations; measurements in 4 probands at intervals between 4 and 6 weeks revealed that sHLA‐RQP levels remain relatively stable. The population analysis of 209 unrelated, HLA‐typed healthy donors resulted in an average protein concentration of 1.53 ± 2.44 μg/ml plasma for sHLA‐RQP. Four out of 209 probands (=1.9%) had no detectable sHLA‐RQP. Significant associations of high or low sHLA‐RQP levels to particular HLA‐DR or ‐DQ specificities were not observed. However, plasma derived from HLA‐DR9 positive had the highest and from HLA‐DR8 positive donors the lowest mean sHLA‐RQP values. By comparing HLA identical with two‐haplotype‐different siblings we found no evidence that sHLA‐RQP plasma levels are under genetic control of the HLA complex or closely linked genes. Furthermore, soluble HLA class I plasma concentrations in 100 probands analyzed showed no correlation to those of sHLA‐RQP.
pH, Temperature and Lactate Production in Human Red Blood Cells: Implications for Blood Storage and Glycolytic Control
Authors: Guppy Michael , Attwood Paul V. , Hansen Ian A. , Sabaratnam Ranji , Frisina Jason , Whisson Maxwell E. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe interaction of temperature and pH in biological systems comprises two components. Temperature change may perturb the pH of solutions, and it may change the pKa of some ionizable groups that are involved in enzyme catalysis. The pH optima of single reactions and whole pathways are therefore temperature sensitive. The pH optimum of glycolysis in human red cells has been investigated only at 37°C. We have measured the effect of temperature on the pH of stored blood suspensions and on the pH optimum of glycolysis in the human red cell. The pH of the cell suspensions in a traditional storage medium was 7.25 ± 0.2 at 4°C. The pH optimum of glycolysis was high (7.8–8.5) between 15 and 35°C. It can be inferred from our data that human red cells are currently stored at least 0.5 pH units below the pH optimum of glycolysis at 4°C. This suggestion is supported by storage experiments which showed that glycolysis at 4°C was at least 1.5‐fold more active at an initial pH of 7.67 versus 7.36. Equations which describe the variation in reaction velocity with pH were fitted to the pH curves for glycolysis in order to identify the ionizable groups that contribute to the effect of pH on glycolysis. It is generally accepted that hexokinase catalyses the rate‐limiting step in glycolysis in the human red cell, but none of the ionizable groups implicated correspond to that involved in the hexokinase reaction.
A Study of Hepatitis C Virus Antibodies and Serum Alanine Amino Transferase in Blood Donors in Hong Kong Chinese
Authors: Lin C.K. , Chu R. , Li K. B. , Leong S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe reference range of serum alanine amino transferase (ALT) for the local population was established by testing 5,000 random voluntary Chinese blood donors of various age groups of both sexes. In addition, 1,769 serum samples with elevated ALT levels were also collected for anti‐HCV assays using both the Abbott and Ortho anti‐hepatitis C virus (HCV) assay kits. The relationship between serum ALT and anti‐HCV tests was studied and the performances of both kits used were compared. It was found that while the prevalence of serum anti‐HCV was 0.4% among hepatitis B surface antigen‐negative donors with normal ALT, subjects with ALT between 2 and 3 standard deviations (SD) and > 3 SD above the mean level had respective prevalence of anti‐HCV 3 and 9.5 times that of the normal ALT subjects. Both anti‐HCV kits were found to identify in majority the same positive population among the different groups of subjects studied. In addition, it was observed that for subjects who were anti‐HCV‐positive, the higher the serum ALT level, the higher the mean anti‐HCV ELISA ratio and this observation was similar for both anti‐HCV kits used. We conclude that: (1) there is a direct relationship between serum ALT level and anti‐HCV positivity by EIA; (2) there is a direct correlation between serum ALT level and anti‐HCV ELISA ratio, and (3) both Abbott and Ortho anti‐HCV kits perform similarly in the identification of positive serum samples.
Intravenous Anti‐D Gammaglobulin for the Prevention of Rhesus Isoimmunization Caused by Platelet Transfusions in Patients with Malignant Diseases
Authors: Heim M. U. , Böck M. , Kolb H.‐J. , Schleuning M. , Mempel W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractPrevious studies of sensitization to RhD by RhD‐positive platelet transfusions in RhD‐negative cancer patients have shown different frequencies of alloimmunization (max. 19%). We studied 37 RhD‐negative patients who received RhD‐incompatible platelet transfusions and simultaneously anti‐D‐immune globulin. We provide evidence that in this setting RhD‐prophylaxis is highly effective in preventing alloimmunization due to RhD antigen, since none of the patients studied developed anti‐D. Detection of other red blood cell antibodies than anti‐D proves the possibility of immunization in these patients. Prevention of isoimmunization in patients with malignant diseases is recommended especially in young females, since an increasing number of patients are having successful pregnancies, despite prior or even during cytotoxic therapy.
Distribution of Polymorphic HLA‐DR and ‐DQ Alleles as Determined by Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis in an Austrian Population
Authors: Fischer Gottfried F. , Faé Ingrid , Pickl Winfried F. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of HLA‐DR β, ‐DQ α and ‐DQ β genes was analyzed in 637 unrelated individuals from the Austrian population. The restriction enzyme was Taq I, and three exon‐specific probes were applied. The gene frequencies, the Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium in DR β and DQ loci, linkage disequilibria between the loci and haplotype frequencies are calculated. Rare associations between DR and DQ loci are described. Two RFLP patterns are demonstrated which were unique in the overall 1,000 individuals tested so far.
An Enzyme‐Linked Antiglobulin Test to Quantify Nanogram Quantities of IgG on Polystyrene Microspheres
Authors: Greenwalt T.J. , Domino M.M. , Dumaswala U.J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA method is described in which polystyrene latex beads are used for constructing standard curves to estimate the number of protein molecules on cell surfaces by an enzyme‐liked immunoassay test (ELAT). A series of immune globulin (IgG) dilutions in pH 9.8 carbonate buffer were coated on 3‐μm microbeads by incubation overnight at 4°C and subjected to ELAT. The r value of the curve derived from four assays was 0.9991. This standard curve applied to previously recorded ELAT data resulted in estimating that normal RBC have 63+19 (SD) IgG molecules and that the lower level of sensitivity of the antiglobulin test is 155 IgG molecules per RBC. the method should be useful for more precise standardization of procedures for measuring proteins on cell surfaces.