bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Induction of labour care in the UK: A cross-sectional survey of maternity units
Authors: Taylor Beck , Cross-Sudworth Fiona , Rimmer Michael , Quinn Laura , Morris R. Katie , Johnston Tracey , Morad Sharon , Davidson Louisa , Kenyon Sara ,   UK Audit and Research Collaborative in Obstetrics and Gynaecology (UKARCOG) Members
Published: February 2024

Objectives
To explore local induction of labour pathways in the UK National Health Service to provide insight into current practice.

Design
National survey.

Setting
Hospital maternity services in all four nations of the UK.

Sample
Convenience sample of 71 UK maternity units.

Methods
An online cross-sectional survey was disseminated and completed via a national network of obstetrics and gynaecology specialist trainees (October 2021-March 2022). Results were analysed descriptively, with associations explored using Fisher’s Exact and ANOVA.

Main outcome measures
Induction rates, criteria, processes, delays, incidents, safety concerns.

Results
54/71 units responded (76%, 35% of UK units). Induction rate range 19.2%-53.4%, median 36.3%. 72% (39/54) had agreed induction criteria: these varied widely and were not all in national guidance. Multidisciplinary booking decision-making was not reported by 38/54 (70%). Delays reported ‘often/always’ in hospital admission for induction (19%, 10/54) and Delivery Suite transfer once induction in progress (63%, 34/54). Staffing was frequently reported cause of delay (76%, 41/54 ‘often/always’). Delays triggered incident reports in 36/54 (67%) and resulted in harm in 3/54 (6%). Induction was an area of concern (44%, 24/54); 61% (33/54) reported induction-focused quality improvement work.

Conclusions
There is substantial variation in induction rates, processes and policies across UK maternity services. Delays appear to be common and are a cause of safety concerns. With induction rates likely to increase, improved guidance and pathways are critically needed to improve safety and experience of care.
Potential association of genetically predicted lipid and lipid-modifying drugs with rheumatoid arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Zhican , Cui Ting , Yao Jin , Wu Yutong , Zhu Jun , Yang Xin , Cui Li , Zhou Haiyan 
Published: February 2024

Background
Past studies have demonstrated that patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) often exhibit abnormal levels of lipids. Furthermore, certain lipid-modifying medications have shown effectiveness in alleviating clinical symptoms associated with RA. However, the current understanding of the causal relationship between lipids, lipid-modifying medications, and the risk of developing RA remains inconclusive. This study employed Mendelian randomization (MR) to investigate the causal connection between lipids, lipid-modifying drugs, and the occurrence of RA.

Methods
We obtained genetic variation for lipid traits and drug targets related to lipid modification from three sources: the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium (GLGC), UK Biobank, and Nightingale Health 2020. The genetic data for RA were acquired from two comprehensive meta-analyses and the R8 of FINNGEN, respectively. These variants were employed in drug-target MR analyses to establish a causal relationship between genetically predicted lipid-modifying drug targets and the risk of RA. For suggestive lipid-modified drug targets, we conducted Summary-data-based Mendelian Randomization (SMR) analyses and using expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) data in relevant tissues. In addition, we performed co-localization analyses to assess genetic confounders.

Results
Our analysis revealed no significant causal relationship between lipid and RA. We observed that the genetically predicted 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) -mediated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (OR 0.704; 95% CI 0.56, 0.89; P = 3.43×10−3), Apolipoprotein C-III (APOC3) -mediated triglyceride (TG) (OR 0.844; 95% CI 0.77, 0.92; P = 1.50×10−4) and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) -mediated LDL-C (OR 0.835; 95% CI 0.73, 0.95; P = 8.81×10−3) were significantly associated with a lowered risk of RA. while Apolipoprotein B-100 (APOB) -mediated LDL-C (OR 1.212; 95%CI 1.05,1.40; P = 9.66×10−3) was significantly associated with an increased risk of RA.

Conclusions
Our study did not find any supporting evidence to suggest that lipids are a risk factor for RA. However, we observed significant associations between HMGCR, APOC3, LDLR, and APOB with the risk of RA.
Analysis of data from two influenza surveillance hospitals in Zhejiang province, China, for the period 2018–2022
Authors: Wang Yuda , Liu Yan , Liu Guangtao , Sun Xiuxiu , Zhang Zizhe , Shen Jianyong 
Published: February 2024

Purpose
To assess the epidemiology of seasonal influenza in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during 2018–2022 and provide insights for influenza prevention.

Methods
Following the National Influenza Surveillance Program, we conducted pathogen surveillance by randomly sampling throat swabs from cases with influenza-like illness (ILI) at two sentinel hospitals.

Results
From 2018 to 2022, a total of 3,813,471 cases were treated at two hospitals in Huzhou, China. Among them, there were 112,385 cases of Influenza-Like Illness (ILI), accounting for 2.95% of the total number of cases. A total of 11,686 ILI throat swab samples were tested for influenza viruses, with 1,602 cases testing positive for influenza virus nucleic acid, resulting in a positivity rate of 13.71%. Among the positive strains, there were 677 strains of A(H3N2) virus, 301 strains of A(H1N1) virus, 570 strains of B/Victoria virus, and 54 strains of B/Yamagata virus. The ILI percentage (ILI%) and influenza nucleic acid positivity rate showed winter-spring peaks in the years 2018, 2019, 2021, and 2022, with the peaks concentrated in January and February. Additionally, a small peak was observed in August 2022 during the summer season. No peak was observed during the winter-spring season of 2020. The highest proportion of ILI cases was observed in children aged 0–4 years, followed by school-age children aged 5–14 years. There was a positive correlation between ILI% and influenza virus nucleic acid positivity rate (r = 0.60, p < 0.05).

Conclusions
The influenza outbreak in Huzhou from 2020 to 2022 was to some extent influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic and public health measures. After the conclusion of the COVID-19 pandemic, the influenza outbreak in Huzhou may become more severe. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly assess the influenza outbreak trends based on the ILI% and the positivity rate of influenza virus nucleic acid tests.
Study on precursor information and disaster mechanism of sudden change of seepage in mining rock mass
Authors: Gao Yijun , Zhu Zongjie , Liu Zhiming , Huang Gang 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Changes in the stress field and seepage field of mining unloading are one of the important causes of deformation and destabilization of the rock body of the bottom slab. With the increase of mining intensity and depth, the disaster of water influx on the bottom plate under the dual action of mining unloading and pressurized water has become one of the main problems restricting the efficient and safe mining of coal. Based on the research background of confined water inrush from Ordovician limestone floor in North China Coalfield, the numerical analysis revealed that mining unloading concentrates stresses, increases deformation, and increases the plastic zone and permeability range. Based on laboratory acoustic emission and mechanical tests, it is found that the peak of acoustic emission ringing number can be one of the precursor information of limestone seepage mutation. This study reveals the evolution law of rock body deformation and permeability under the unloading path, and the research obtains the unloading seepage and water gushing disaster mechanism of the subgrade rock body.
Where Did Kamalaśīla Compose His Works, and Does It Even Matter? Reflections on the Activities of Indian Scholars in Imperial Tibet
Authors: Kellner Birgit 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This article reflects on the activities of the Indian Buddhist scholar-monk Kamalaśīla (c. 740–795) in imperial Tibet. Following accounts offered by Tibetan historians of later periods, these activities have so far been understood as more or less limited to Kamalaśīla’s victorious participation in the historically momentous “Great Debate” at Bsam yas monastery against the Chinese Chan master Heshang Moheyan. This article suggests that he also composed altogether seven of his works – and possibly more – while residing in Tibet, and sketches aspects of his intellectual profile on this basis. While remaining focused on Kamalaśīla, the article also raises wider-ranging questions regarding the activities of Indian Buddhist scholars in imperial Tibet against the backdrop of interconnected histories across South, Central and East Asia.
Preferences in the use of overabundance: predictors of lexical bias in Estonian
Authors: Aigro Mari , Vihman Virve-Anneli 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study of morphological overabundance focuses on the (non-)synonymy of parallel forms in Estonian illative case (‘into’) and the type of entrenchment behind it. We focus on the lexical level, testing whether the form preferred for a lexeme depends on semantic or morphophonological factors, or both. Using multifactorial regression analyses, we compare three corpus datasets: lexemes biased toward long forms, those biased toward short forms and lexemes with balanced form distribution. This is the first study to investigate realised overabundance in this way, and to include inflection class membership in the model, enabling us to test whether declension class subsumes the morphophonological factors found to affect form preference in previous studies. The analysis shows that cell token frequency and inflection class are significant predictors of form preference, while the lexical-semantic features included in the study do not affect formative choice, highlighting the role of cell entrenchment instead of formative entrenchment in guiding form use. In conclusion, the study highlights the important role of inflection class (morphophonology) in the general shaping of form usage patterns in parallel forms and the weak role of semantic factors on the lexical level.
Consequences of the incorrect disposal of electronic waste when growing flower seedlings
Authors: dos Santos Karen Ouverney , Paes de Almeida Martins Cauã , Luzetti de Oliveira Leite Maurício , Alves Moura Andrade Michel , da Cruz Augusto Sophia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The improper disposal of batteries has numerous consequences for the environment, since they contain potentially toxic metals that can be leached, infiltrating, and contaminating the soil layers, the groundwater, as well as the fauna and flora of nearby regions. Therefore, studies were conducted to simulate and analyze soil contamination by the release of potentially toxic metals from the incorrect disposal of alkaline batteries in the environment, in similar natural conditions, by doing leaching tests in fertilized soil resembling a landfill. Therefore, in this paper a simple experiment is proposed for sensitizing students toward the consequences of an incorrect disposal of batteries in the environment.
Role of individual component failure in the performance of a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system: A Markov model approach
Authors: Hindi Layla , Asker Hussein K. 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The current work assesses the availability and reliability of repairable 1-out-of-3 cold standby systems, undergoing switching failure, by the Markov models, where a finite set of differential equations govern the repairable system. A numerical approach based on KAOS programming in MATLAB is employed to solve the differential equations. Thus, numerical solutions for the time-dependent availability can then be obtained. The Laplace transform method is used for the reliability model to find the explicit form of the reliability function and the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the system. An availability estimation model for a 1-out-of-3 cold standby system is developed and the main electrical power network, local electricity generator, and domestic electricity generator are studied. Finally, the model is analyzed to illustrate the effect of both failures and repair rates as well as component capacity partitioning on system availability and MTTF.
Using automated indices of cohesion to explore the growth of cohesive features in L2 writing
Authors: Abdi Tabari Mahmoud , Johnson Mark D. , Gao Jianwu 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
While the use of cohesive devices has received considerable attention in L2 writing research, scant attention has been devoted to exploring local, global, and textual cohesive features across two genres at different time points using indices generated by the computational tool for automatic analysis of cohesion (TAACO). Inspired by this gap, this study attempted to: (a) identify TAACO indices that are predictive of human ratings of essay organization, (b) investigate which of the identified TAACO indices differ between narrative and argumentative genres, and (c) explore which of the identified TAACO indices might change over time. To achieve these purposes, 270 narrative and argumentative essays were collected from 45 L2 writers in counterbalanced order at six different time points. The results of mixed-effects modeling revealed textual cohesive devices to be significant predictors of human ratings of essay organization regardless of genre and indicated sustained development in the use of textual cohesive devices over time. This study has important implications for L2 writing assessment including the potential to enhance assessment practices by incorporating computational tools like TAACO. The findings emphasize the importance of considering textual cohesive devices as significant predictors of essay organization, regardless of genre.
Prevalence and quality of medical Spanish education in US osteopathic medical schools: a national survey
Authors: Dey Kally , Romero Arocha Sinibaldo , Park Yoon Soo , Ortega Pilar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Context
Spanish is the language in the United States with the greatest language-concordant physician deficit. Allopathic medical Spanish programs have proliferated, but the national prevalence of medical Spanish education at osteopathic medical schools has never been evaluated.

Objectives
The objectives of this study are to describe the medical Spanish educational landscape at US osteopathic schools and evaluate program adherence to previously established basic standards.

Methods
Between March and October 2022, surveys were sent to all 44 member schools of the American Association of Colleges of Osteopathic Medicine (AACOM). For nonrespondents, data were obtained from publicly available websites. Primary surveys were sent to deans or diversity, equity, and inclusion officers at each osteopathic school to determine whether medical Spanish was offered and to identify a medical Spanish leader. Medical Spanish leaders received the secondary survey. The main measures of this study were the prevalence of medical Spanish programs at osteopathic schools and the extent to which existing programs met each of the four basic standards: having a faculty educator, providing a curricular structure, assessing learner skills, and awarding institutional course credit.

Results
We gathered medical Spanish information from 90.9 % (40/44) of osteopathic schools. Overall, 88.6 % (39/44) offered medical Spanish, of which 66.7 % (26/39) had formal curricula, 43.6 % (17/39) had faculty educators, 17.9 % (7/39) assessed learner skills, and 28.2 % (11/39) provided course credit. Only 12.8 % (5/39) of osteopathic schools with medical Spanish programs met all basic standards. Urban/suburban schools were likelier to offer medical Spanish than rural schools (p=0.020). Osteopathic schools in states with the highest Spanish-speaking populations were more likely to offer student-run initiatives (p=0.027).

Conclusions
Most osteopathic schools provide medical Spanish education, but work is needed to improve consistency, quality, and sustainability. Future research should focus on osteopathic student language proficiency assessment, improve medical Spanish accessibility for students at rural programs, and explore the unique content areas of osteopathic medical Spanish education.
Schizandrin A enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to 5-FU by promoting ferroptosis
Authors: Hu Liye , Zhang Zhongyuan , Fu Yun , Zhu Feng , Li Xin , Zou Min , Yang Rui 
Published: February 2024

Abstract

Objectives
The impact of Schizandrin A (Sch A) on 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) in gastric cancer (GC) cells is not yet understood, despite its known anticancer and multidrug resistance-reversing properties in various tumors. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of Sch A to reverse resistance and evaluate its mechanisms in GC cells that are resistant to 5-Fu.

Methods
5-Fu-sensitive gastric cancer (GC) cells were subjected to treatment with 5-Fu, while 5-Fu-resistant GC cells AGS/5-Fu and SGC7901/5-Fu were successfully developed. In both in vitro and in vivo settings, the impact of Sch A alone or in combination with 5-Fu on tumor cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, and ferroptosis-related metabolism was examined by stimulating these cells. A number of additional experiments were conducted in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism of increased ferroptosis.

Results
Findings from our research indicate that the utilization of Sch A alongside 5-Fu could potentially be beneficial in combating drug resistance and treating GC in a reverse manner. The coadministration of Sch A was demonstrated to inhibit metastasis and chemotherapy resistance in 5-Fu-resistant GC cells by promoting the initiation of ferroptosis, a type of cell death that relies on iron. This effect was also confirmed in a xenograft nude mouse model. Through a mechanistic approach, the combined administration of Sch A exhibited a synergistic effect on enhancing the expression of the transferrin receptor. Consequently, this led to the accumulation of iron within cells, triggering lipid peroxidation and ultimately causing the death of 5-Fu-resistant GC cells.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the findings from this research have presented a new approach to enhancing GC chemosensitivity, suggesting Sch A as an innovative regulator of ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ferroptosis is induced by Sch A coadministration via increasing transferrin receptor expression.
Intensification of bioprocesses – definition, examples, challenges and future directions
Authors: Hartmann Lukas , Krieg Thomas , Holtmann Dirk 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Strategies to reduce cost and emission profiles are becoming increasingly important for the development of affordable and sustainable bio-based production. The overall objective of process intensification in different industries is to achieve substantial benefits in terms of cost, product concentration and quality, while eliminating waste and improving process safety. Intensification of bioprocesses could be a valuable tool for enhancing the efficiency and reducing resource consumption in bioproduction. In general, bioprocess intensification is defined as an increase in bioproduct output relative to cell concentration, time, reactor volume or cost. This brief overview provides a definition of process intensification in biotechnology, presents several general and specific examples, and addresses some of the current challenges.
The association between indoor air pollution from solid fuels and cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Peng Hongye , Wang Miyuan , Wang Yichong , Niu Zuohu , Suo Feiya , Liu Jixiang , Zhou Tianhui , Yao Shukun 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to comprehensively and methodically evaluate the correlation between cognitive impairment and indoor air pollution from solid fuel used for cooking/heating. PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to December January 2023. 13 studies from three countries with a total of 277,001 participants were enrolled. A negative correlation was discovered between solid fuel usage for cooking and total cognitive score (β=−0.73, 95 % CI: −0.90 to −0.55) and episodic memory score (β=−0.23, 95 % CI: −0.30 to −0.17). Household solid fuel usage for cooking was considerably associated with a raised risk of cognitive impairment (HR=1.31, 95 % CI: 1.09–1.57) and cognitive decline (HR=1.24, 95 % CI: 1.18–1.30). Compared to continuous solid fuel use for cooking, sustained use of clean fuel and switching from solid fuel to clean fuel were associated with a lower risk of cognitive decline (OR=0.55, 95 % CI: 0.42–0.73; OR=0.81, 95 % CI: 0.71–0.93). A negative association was found between solid fuel usage for heating and total cognitive score (β=−0.43, 95 % CI: −0.59 to −0.26) and episodic memory score (β=−0.22, 95 % CI: −0.34 to −0.10). Our research provided evidence that exposure to indoor air pollution from solid fuel is a potential cause of cognitive impairment and cognitive decline. Making the switch from solid fuels to cleaner fuels could be an important step in preventing cognitive impairment in the elderly.
Significance of hafnium nanoparticles in hydromagnetic non-Newtonian fluid-particle suspension model through divergent channel with uniform heat source: thermal analysis
Authors: Saleem Salman , Nazeer Mubbashar , Radwan Neyara , Abutuqayqah Hajar 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
This theoretical analysis provided the exact solution of a steady flow of Casson rheological fluid in fluid-particle suspension models through a divergent channel with consideration of porous medium, electric, and magnetic fields, and slip boundary conditions. The thermal transport analysis is also observed with the consideration of viscous dissipation and uniform heat source. The suitable transformation is used to reduce the partial differential equation into ordinary differential equations and obtain the exact solution by adopting the mathematical software MATHEMATICA 12.0. The momentum and thermal profiles are decreasing functions of the magnetic field parameter. The number of streamlines is increased and covers more parts of the channel for increasing the Darcy force and velocity slip parameters. The computational results of this study will help to understand the momentum and thermal analysis in the fluid-particle suspension model. The results of the current study are useful to increase the oil recovery system, in thermal transport energy, energy production, cooling and heating systems, etc. The current model can be useful in renewable energy to store thermal energy by using the hafnium nanoparticles. The present analysis is original and has not been submitted nor published before.