bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Characteristics of LGI1-Antibody and CASPR2-Antibody Encephalitis
Authors: Kelly Mark J. , Grant Eleanor , Murchison Andrew G. , Binks Sophie , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Michael Sophia , Handel Adam E. , Handunnetthi Lahiru , Uy Christopher E. , Soltys John N. , Dubey Divyanshu , Day Gregory S. , Lopez-Chiriboga A. Sebastian , Flanagan Eoin P. , Sheerin Fintan , Irani Sarosh R. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceRapid and accurate diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis encourages prompt initiation of immunotherapy toward improved patient outcomes. However, clinical features alone may not sufficiently narrow the differential diagnosis, and awaiting autoantibody results can delay immunotherapy.ObjectiveTo identify simple magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characteristics that accurately distinguish 2 common forms of autoimmune encephalitis, LGI1- and CASPR2-antibody encephalitis (LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E), from 2 major differential diagnoses, viral encephalitis (VE) and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD).Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cross-sectional study involved a retrospective, blinded analysis of the first available brain MRIs (taken 2000-2022) from 192 patients at Oxford University Hospitals in the UK and Mayo Clinic in the US. These patients had LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E, VE, or CJD as evaluated by 2 neuroradiologists (discovery cohort; n = 87); findings were validated in an independent cohort by 3 neurologists (n = 105). Groups were statistically compared with contingency tables. Data were analyzed in 2023.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMRI findings including T2 or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities, swelling or volume loss, presence of gadolinium contrast enhancement, and diffusion-weighted imaging changes. Correlations with clinical features.ResultsAmong 192 participants with MRIs reviewed, 71 were female (37%) and 121 were male (63%); the median age was 66 years (range, 19-92 years). By comparison with VE and CJD, in LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E, T2 and/or FLAIR hyperintensities were less likely to extend outside the temporal lobe (3/42 patients [7%] vs 17/18 patients [94%] with VE; P &amp;lt; .001, and 3/4 patients [75%] with CJD; P = .005), less frequently exhibited swelling (12/55 [22%] with LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E vs 13/22 [59%] with VE; P = .003), and showed no diffusion restriction (0 patients vs 16/22 [73%] with VE and 8/10 [80%] with CJD; both P &amp;lt; .001) and rare contrast enhancement (1/20 [5%] vs 7/17 [41%] with VE; P = .01). These findings were validated in an independent cohort and generated an area under the curve of 0.97, sensitivity of 90%, and specificity of 95% among cases with T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the hippocampus and/or amygdala.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, T2 and/or FLAIR hyperintensities confined to the temporal lobes, without diffusion restriction or contrast enhancement, robustly distinguished LGI1/CASPR2-Ab-E from key differential diagnoses. These observations should assist clinical decision-making toward expediting immunotherapy. Their generalizability to other forms of autoimmune encephalitis and VE should be examined in future studies.
Orbital‐Morphology‐Based Oxygen Reduction in a Correlated Oxide
Authors: Zhang Zhihua , Zhu Yangyu , Shi Xiaoyue , Qi Baotong , Ding Yu , Du Yan , Shi Wanfeng , Zhang Jian , Liu Jian , Sang Yuanhua , Wang Zeyan , Zhang Lei , Yu Haohai , Zhang Huaijin , Cai Bin , Zhao Mingwen , Li Yangyang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOrbital degree of freedom plays a crucial role in governing the physical and chemical properties of solid materials, and it is widely investigated in the fields of physics, material science, and chemistry. Typically, orbital‐energy‐related scenarios, such as d‐band center or electron occupancy, have been discussed in the catalytic materials, since they can control the surface‐adsorbate bonding strength to modulate the catalytic activity. However, the impact of orbital morphology, that is the “posture” of orbitals on catalysts' surfaces, has never been studied. Here the importance of 3d‐orbital morphology on the activity of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a strongly correlated oxide α‐Ti2O3 is highlighted. Superior ORR performance is observed in α‐Ti2O3 (Ti3+:3d1) than that of the anatase and rutile TiO2 (Ti4+:3d0), with higher Faradaic efficiency (87.3%) and H2O2 selectivity (93.2%). More importantly, a novel orbital‐morphology‐based mechanism is developed and the orbital morphology dominates the catalytic activity by determining the surface‐adsorbates d–p orbital hybridization via orbitals' overlap, resulting in a crystal‐plane‐dependent ORR activity in α‐Ti2O3. The work reveals the strong interplay between the orbital morphology, d–p hybridization, and ORR activity, which broadens the fundamental understanding of catalysts from a new view of the orbital degree of freedom.
Robust and Seamless Integration of Thiol‐Ene‐Epoxy Thermosets with Thermoplastics and Glass as Hybrid Microfluidic Devices Suitable for Drug Studies
Authors: Harris Peter , Kaveh Javad , Kemas Aurino M. , Mikaelsson Henrik , Fielden Matthew , Lauschke Volker M. , Zandi Shafagh Reza 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFacile, durable and biocompatible integration of hybrid Lab‐on‐a‐Chip devices has remained an important challenge in microengineering. Here, the robust and seamless integration of off‐stoichiometry thiol‐ene‐epoxy (OSTE+) thermosets with a diverse range of thermoplastic and glass materials is demonstrated. While direct bonding offers sturdy proprieties for the majority of the material hybrids (up to 1.5 MPa), further surface priming enhances the bonding strength for those of lower surface energy (up to seven‐fold). Using microfluidic devices with a unique configuration of chambers and microchannels down to 100 µm, the impact of various bonding methods on their fluidic functionality is further shown. To investigate the utility of hybrid devices for pharmacological and toxicological studies, both pristine and primed devices are benchmarked against polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with regard to cell biocompatibility and drug absorption. While being on par with PDMS in terms of cell viability, pristine OSTE+ devices show an 11‐fold lower absorption of hydrophobic drug molecules. Although surface priming enhances the bonding strength, it compromises other criteria in device performance and biological applications. Combined, results demonstrate a novel integration approach for facile manufacturing of hybrid microfluidic devices using a material toolbox suitable for cell and pharmaceutical studies.
Electrochemical Oxidative Ring‐Opening Reactions of 2H‐Indazoles with Alcohols to Obtain Ortho‐alkoxycarbonylated Azobenzenes
Authors: Hu Yibin , Liu Xin , Feng Chenglong , Wang Jiaxu , Li Meichao , Shen Zhenlu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA strategy for synthesis of azo‐derived compounds by electrochemical oxidative ring‐opening reactions of 2H‐indazoles with alcohols is reported. The reactions are carried out under galvanostatic electrolysis conditions in an undivided cell without the use of transition metal catalysts. On the basis of cyclic voltammetry and control experiments, a plausible mechanism for this ring‐opening reaction involving the radical pathway is proposed. Furthermore, various 2H‐indazoles and alcohols are suitable in this system, giving the desired ortho‐alkoxycarbonylated azobenzenes in 9–84% yields.
Tumor Exosomal ENPP1 Hydrolyzes cGAMP to Inhibit cGAS‐STING Signaling
Authors: An Yu , Zhu Jinchao , Xie Qihui , Feng Jianzhou , Gong Yanli , Fan Qian , Cao Jiao , Huang Zhi , Shi Weixiong , Lin Qingyuan , Wu Lingling , Yang Chaoyong , Ji Tianhai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo evade immune surveillance, tumor cells express ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) on the surface of their membrane, which degrades extracellular cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP), thereby inhibiting the cyclic GMP‐AMP synthase (cGAS) stimulator of interferon gene (STING) DNA‐sensing pathway. To fully understand this tumor stealth mechanism, it is essential to determine whether other forms of ENPP1 with hydrolytic cGAMP activity also are present in the tumor microenvironment to regulate this innate immune pathway. Herein, it is reported that various tumor‐derived exosomes carry ENPP1, and can hydrolyze synthetic 2′3′‐cGAMP and endogenous 2′3′‐cGAMP produced by cells to inhibit cGAS‐STING pathway in immune cells. Moreover, tumor exosomal ENPP1 also can hydrolyze 2′3′‐cGAMP bound to LL‐37 (an effective transporter of 2′3′‐cGAMP) to inhibit STING signaling. Furthermore, high expression of ENPP1 in exosomes is observed isolated from human breast and lung cancer tissue, and tumor exosomal ENPP1 inhibited the immune infiltration of CD8+ T cells and CD4+ T cells. The results elucidate the essential function of tumor exosomal ENPP1 in the cGAS‐STING pathway, furthering understanding of the crosstalk between the tumor cells and immune system.
New and facile recovery strategy for silver, copper, and nickel from waste silver contacts using polyiodide ionic liquids
Authors: Yin Xiaolu , Wang Shuping , Liu Ronghao , Liu Xiaoxia , Liu Peng , Yang Yanzhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis work proposed a novel strategy for recovering Ag, Cu, and Ni from waste silver contacts (WSCs) using polyiodide ionic liquids (ILs). Our method exhibited exceptional leaching efficiency (Ag: 98.7%, Cu: 99.1%) and remarkable reusability (over 6 cycles). In contrast to a traditional three‐step leaching‐extraction‐striping process, our polyiodide ILs present a significant simplification. This approach is ideal for practical applications due to its low viscosity (49.6 cP) and gentle (55°C) leaching conditions of polyiodide ILs. Additionally, the redox leaching mechanism was successfully elucidated by XPS, XRD, and UV‐vis spectra. Based on our findings, a closed‐loop route for the recovery and separation of Ag, Cu, and Ni was suggested. Moreover, economic analysis revealed that the recovery of 1.0 kg WSCs could generate a considerable profit of 58 ± 7 USD. Overall, this new method provides a rapid, high profit, and sustainable recovery strategy with significant potential for industrial applications.
Spaced‐confined capsule catalysts with tunable micro‐environments for efficient CO2 conversion
Authors: Wu Hao , Guo Lisheng , Wang Xianbiao , Zhou Wenjie , Chen Fang , Li Da , Liu Kai , Ai Peipei , Wei Yuxue , Cai Mengdie , Sun Song 
Published: March 2024

AbstractCO2 as a greenhouse gas causes a series of issues, and catalytic utilization of CO2 to fuels is a favorable strategy. Herein, we report the discovery in CO2 hydrogenation reaction where C5+ yield can be evidently improved by encapsulating ZnFe2O4 inside ZSM‐5, in which the micro‐environments of core‐shell components can be tuned. For the ZnFe2O4, the K promoter makes the FeC structure more electron deficient than the Na, which contributes to the formation of long‐chain olefins. ZSM‐5 with K or Ce modification presents enhanced adsorption ability of alkene, then promoting aromatization and isomerization reactions of alkenes. Compared with Ce, K‐ZSM‐5 contributes to isomerization rather than aromatization, forming more isoparaffins. In this work, regulating the microenvironment of capsule catalysts provides a new idea for the design of efficient tandem catalysts, and expands the ability of hybrid catalysts against other catalysts, thus presenting an excellent catalytic efficiency for CO2 upgrading.
Dementia and mild cognitive impairment screening in an emergency homeless shelter
Authors: Ross Heather M. , Dzenga Primrose , Myers Martha , Squires Alisa , Duncan Stephanie , Caradine Jamilyn , Scharf Phillip , Bowman Diana M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONOlder adults represent the fastest growing segment of the homeless community. Little is known about the prevalence of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in this population.METHODSDementia and MCI screening using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was incorporated into the standard senior evaluation for adult clients aged ≥ 55 in a large emergency homeless shelter.RESULTSIn a 6‐week period, 104 of 112 (92.9%) assessments were positive for dementia or MCI using a standard cutoff of 26, and 81 (72.3%) were positive using a conservative cutoff of 23. There was no significant difference in MoCA scores based on sex or education level, and no significant correlation between age and MoCA score.DISCUSSIONOlder adults experiencing homelessness may have a high likelihood of dementia or MCI. Routine MoCA screening in older adults experiencing homelessness is feasible and can help to identify services needed to successfully exit homelessness.
Iso‐E‐Codelock: A Rebuilding‐free Electrochemical Chip with a Customizable Decoding Probe for Real‐Time and Portable Pathogen Diagnostics
Authors: Liu Yichen , Tang Yidan , Bao Yin , Cai Kaiwei , Lu Baiyang , Zhao Rujian , Yu Chunxu , Du Yan , Li Bingling 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to realize portable pathogen diagnostics with easier quantitation, digitization and integration, we develop a ready‐to‐use electrochemical sensing strategy (Iso‐E‐Codelock) for real‐time detection of isothermal nucleic acid amplification. Bridged by a branched DNA as codelock, the isothermal amplicon is transduced into increased current of an electrochemical probe, holding multiple advantages of high sensitivity, high selectivity, signal‐on response, “zero” background and one‐pot operation. Through a self‐designed portable instrument (BioAlex PHE−T), the detection can be implemented on a multichannel microchip and output real‐time amplification curves just like an expensive commercial PCR machine. The microchip is a rebuilding‐free and disposable component. The branch codelock probe can be customized for different targets and designs. Such high performance and flexibility have been demonstrated utilizing four virus (SARS‐CoV‐2, African swine fever, FluA and FluB) genes as targets, and two branch (3‐way and 4‐way) DNAs as codelock probes.
Poly(O‐Toluidine)‐polyvinylpyrrolidone copolymer submerged MgFe2O4/CS‐OXSWCNTs nanocomposite for removal of acid red dye from aqueous solutions
Authors: Katowah Dina F. , Sadek Ahmed H. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn this study, a new hybrid material was created that exhibits excellent adsorption performance and high stability. POT‐PVP/MgF/CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs were synthesized using a three‐step approach. The process involved the chemical polymerization of poly(o‐toluidine)‐polyvinylpyrrolidone (POT‐PVP) with MgFe2O4 nanoparticles (MgF NPs) and chitosan‐oxidized single‐wall carbon nanotubes (CS‐OXSWCNTs). The synthesis process involved the use of an egg white method to synthesize MgF NPs and cross‐linking chitosan with OXSWCNTs using glutaraldehyde (GA) to obtain CS‐OXSWCNTs. The POT‐PVP copolymer was then used to coat MgF NPs and CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs. The successful synthesis of the NCs with strong component interaction was confirmed by several characterization techniques, including X‐ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Raman spectroscopy. Microscopy analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) verified that the POT‐PVP copolymer had properly coated the MgF NPs and CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs. The N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm verified that the specific surface area of NCs had increased with the addition of MgF NPs and CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs. Furthermore, the composite structure greatly improved the thermal stability of POT‐PVP/MgF/CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs. To evaluate how well the nanocomposites (NCs) eliminated pollutants, an artificially produced toxic effluent that contained acid red dye (A.R) was applied. To investigate their impact on dye removal, several parameters were changed, including pH, adsorbent dosage, time, temperature, and ionic strength. The POT‐PVP/MgF/CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs showed a higher removal rate based on a greater surface area, stability, and conducting power than MgF NPs and POT‐PVP. It was found that 25 mg L−1 and 7.5 mg were the optimal dye concentration and adsorbent dosage, respectively. The POT‐PVP/MgF/CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs achieved 99.46% removal efficiency at an acidic pH of 2. The NCs were found to have a maximum dye adsorption capacity of 107.4 mg g−1, and the adsorption process followed the pseudo‐second‐order kinetics. Thermodynamic analyses revealed that the dye adsorption onto POT‐PVP/MgF/CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs was endothermic, implying a spontaneous and physical adsorption mechanism. It can be inferred from these results that POT‐PVP/MgF/CS‐OXSWCNTs NCs are useful for eliminating dye pollutants from water.
Exploring rhodanine linked enamine–carbohydrazide derivatives as mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular docking studies
Authors: Maddipatla Sarvan , Bakchi Bulti , Gadhave Rutuja Rama , Ammara Andrea , Sau Shashikanta , Rani Bandela , Nanduri Srinivas , Kalia Nitin Pal , Supuran Claudiu T. , Yaddanapudi Venkata Madhavi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWith the rise of multidrug‐resistant tuberculosis, the imperative for an alternative and superior treatment regimen, incorporating novel mechanisms of action, has become crucial. In pursuit of this goal, we have developed and synthesized a new series of rhodanine‐linked enamine–carbohydrazide derivatives, exploring their potential as inhibitors of mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase. The findings reveal their efficacy, displaying notable selectivity toward the mycobacterial carbonic anhydrase 2 (mtCA 2) enzyme. While exhibiting moderate activity against human carbonic anhydrase isoforms, this series demonstrates promising selectivity, positioning these compounds as potential antitubercular agents. Compound 6d was the best one from the series with a Ki value of 9.5 µM toward mtCA 2. Most of the compounds displayed moderate to good inhibition against the Mtb H37Rv strain; compound 11k showed a minimum inhibitory concentration of 1 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies revealed that compounds 6d and 11k show metal coordination with the zinc ion, like classical CA inhibitors.
Synthesis of R–GABA Derivatives via Pd(II) Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)−H Arylation and Virtual Validation with GABAB1 Receptor for Potential leads
Authors: Mohanlal Smitha , Saha Diprupa , Pandey Shubhant , Acharya Rudresh , Sharma Nagendra K. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGABA (γ–amino butyric acid) analogues like baclofen, tolibut, phenibut, etc., are well–known GABAB1 inhibitors and pharmaceutically important drugs. However, there is a huge demand for more chiral GABA aryl analogues with promising pharmacological actions. Here, we demonstrate the chiral ligand acetyl–protected amino quinoline (APAQ) mediated enantioselective synthesis of GABAB1 inhibitor drug scaffolds from easily accessible GABA via Pd–catalyzed C(sp3)−H activation. The synthetic methodology shows moderate to good yields, up to 74% of ee. We have successfully demonstrated the deprotection and removal of the directing group to synthesize R–tolibut in 86% yield. Further, we employed computation to probe the binding of R–GABA analogues to the extracellular domain of the human GABAB1 receptor. Our Rosetta–based molecular docking calculations show better binding for four R–enantiomers of GABA analogues than R–baclofen and R–phenibut. In addition, we employed GROMACS MD simulations and MMPB(GB)SA calculations to identify per–residue contribution to binding free energy. Our computational results suggest analogues (3R)‐4‐amino‐3‐(3,4‐dimethylphenyl) butanoic acid, (3R)‐4‐amino‐3‐(3‐fluorophenyl) butanoic acid, (3R)‐3‐(4‐acetylphenyl)‐4‐aminobutanoic acid, (3R)‐4‐amino‐3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl) butanoic acid, and (3R)‐4‐amino‐3‐phenylbutanoic acid are potential leads which could be synthesized from our methodology reported here.
Pfeilersanierung an der Alten Brücke Heidelberg
Authors: Groß Thomas , Schneider Marcel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDie Alte Brücke Heidelberg ist weithin als Fotomotiv bekannt. Die im Jahr 1788 als Mauerwerksbrücke aus Sandstein erbaute Brücke überspannt, mit Sicht auf das Heidelberger Schloss, mit sieben Brückenbögen den Neckar. Was in den vergangenen Jahren im Schatten der Brücke geschah, blieb jedoch von den meisten unentdeckt. Während der Bauwerksprüfungen in den Jahren 2008 und 2016 wurden an allen Pfeilern der Alten Brücke Heidelberg sowohl in der Wasserwechselzone als auch im ständig eingestauten Bereich Schäden festgestellt und dokumentiert. Hierbei handelte es sich vorrangig um Fugenausspülungen und Beschädigungen an den Natursandsteinen. Zusätzlich wurden bei diesen Untersuchungen auch Steinklammern überarbeitet sowie Anprallwinkel an den Pfeilerspitzen ausgetauscht und ergänzt. Um notwendige Sanierungsarbeiten durchführen zu können, mussten die Pfeiler trockengelegt werden. Aufgrund der angrenzenden Schifffahrtsöffnungen und dadurch bedingter enger Platzverhältnisse musste hierzu ein schlanker Senkkasten hergestellt werden, der exakt auf den Fundamentsockel der Pfeiler aufgesetzt werden konnte und die laufende Schifffahrt nicht behinderte. Der zweiteilige Senkkasten hatte ein Gesamtgewicht von knapp 32 t und wurde in kurzen Schifffahrtssperren in der Nacht mit zwei eigens hierfür zusammengebauten Spezialpontons um den jeweiligen Brückenpeiler eingeschwommen. Anschließend wurden die beiden Senkkastenhälften verbunden, abgesenkt und auf dem Grund verankert, sodass ein geschlossener, dichter Arbeitsraum um den Brückenpfeiler entstand.
Bauteilversuche Oberesslingen – Teil 2
Authors: Kötz Harold , Begemann Christoph , Ebers‐Ernst Jeannette 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDie Angebotsbearbeitung der Ausschreibung „Bauteilversuche an der Neckarschleuse in Oberesslingen (BTV OES)“ war sowohl hinsichtlich der Inhalte als auch durch das vom Auftraggeber gewählte Vergabeverfahren besonders. Die Planungen im Rahmen der Konzepterstellung als Teil des Angebots mussten eine Vielzahl von vorgegebenen Randbedingungen, Anforderungen und Leistungsumfängen berücksichtigen. Die Bearbeitung erfolgte durch eine auf ein späteres Totalunternehmen ausgerichtete Bietergemeinschaft. Das gesamte Vergabeverfahren erstreckte sich über einen Zeitraum von mehr als zwei Jahren mit einer intensiven Zeit der Angebotsbearbeitung und Konzeptfortschreibungen von ca. einem Jahr. Der Konzeptinhalt und folglich die Detailtiefe wuchsen dabei stetig an. Diese Konzentration auf die Konzeptinhalte und der damit verbundene hohe Stellenwert der technischen Lösungsansätze spiegelten sich in der entsprechend hohen Gewichtung bei der Angebotsbewertung mit einem Wertungsanteil von 80 % wider. Um die vielfältigen Leistungsanforderungen hinsichtlich Planung und Ausführung zu bedienen, erfolgte die Angebotsbearbeitung als Bietergemeinschaft aus Planungsbüros und bauausführenden Unternehmen. Die frühzeitige Beteiligung der Baufirmen bot im Hinblick auf die Sicherstellung der späteren Ausführbarkeit optimale Voraussetzungen. Im Folgenden werden die Herangehensweise sowie die Konzepte zu Trockenlegung, Abtrag und Reprofilierung sowie vorlaufende Maßnahmen genauer beschrieben.