bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mutated human kirsten ras, driven by a thyroglobulin promoter, induces a growth advantage and partially dedifferentiates rat thyroid epithelial cells in vitro
Authors: Monaco Carmen , Califano Daniela , Chiappetta Gennaro , Mineo Alba , De Franciscis Vittorio , Vecchio Giancarlo , Santelli Giovanni 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe have earlier shown that expression of the human activated Ki‐ras, directed by the rat thyroglobulin (TG) promoter in the thyroid gland of transgenic mice, is able to induce thyroid benign tumors, albeit at low incidence. A likely explanation of our results is that the low levels of exogenous Ki‐ras transcripts are not sufficient to induce multifocal tumors in the thyroid gland. We have performed experiments to analyze the effects of a similar construct in vitro upon thyroid‐cell proliferation and differentiation. Transfection of FRTL‐5 rat thyroid cells with the human Ki‐rasval 12 fused to the rat TG promoter is rapidly followed by reduced expression of the differentiation markers thyroglobulin, thyroperoxydase and thyrotropin receptor, but not by fully malignant cell transformation. The data reported support the hypothesis that Ki‐ras mRNA levels are critical to the process of complete neoplastic transformation of thyroid epithelial differentiated cells in vitro. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Incidence of cutaneous childhood melanoma in Queensland, Australia
Authors: Whiteman David , Valery Patricia , McWhirter William , Green Adele 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of cutaneous melanoma in children aged 0–14 years was examined in Queensland, Australia. Details of notifications were collected from the population‐based Australian Paediatric Cancer Registry. Between 1987 and 1994, the age‐adjusted incidence rates of invasive cutaneous melanoma occurring in Queensland children were estimated at 8.5/million for males and 7.1 /million for females. Incidence rates rose steeply in both sexes with increasing age, from less than 1/million in the 0–4 age group, to nearly 30/million in the 10–14 age group. To assess the uniformity of the anatomical distribution of lesions, relative tumour densities (RTDs) were calculated compared with the body as a whole. In both sexes, melanomas were most common on the trunk (RTD > 3), while lower limb lesions were less common (RTD < 0.6) and no melanomas were reported on the buttocks or external genitalia. Although not statistically significant, there was a tendency for truncal lesions in males to occur on the back, while in females, truncal melanomas were more evenly distributed across the chest, back and shoulders. No consistent relationship between latitude and melanoma incidence was observed, with higher rates reported in the subtropical than the tropical regions of Queensland. These are the first reported incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma in Australian children and are the highest ever reported in the world in this age group. Our findings provide baseline data from which to monitor changes in the occurrence of cutaneous melanoma in children. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Differential expression of 70–kDa heat shock‐protein in human oral tumorigenesis
Authors: Kaur Jasbir , Ralhan Ranju 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo understand the biological events underlying the multistep process of oral tumorigenesis we have studied the expression of 70–kDa heat‐shock protein, HSP70, in human normal, pre‐malignant and malignant oral tissues. Expression of HSP70 was assessed in oral‐tissue specimens using a mouse monoclonal antibody against HSP70 by immunostaining and immunoblot‐ting analysis. Strong nuclear and cytoplasmic HSP70 immunostaining was observed in oral squamous‐cell carcinomas (30/ 38). Mild to moderate HSP70 expression was observed in oral dysplastic lesions (19/30) and basal low level of HSP70 was observed in normal oral tissues. The results were corroborated by immunoblotting analysis. The wide variation in HSP70 expression in normal, pre‐malignant and malignant oral lesions suggests that it is differentially expressed during oral carcinogen‐esis and may be implicated in tumor development. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of food groups and food diversity on breast cancer risk in Italy
Authors: Franceschi Silvia , Favero Adriano , La Vecchia Carlo , Negri Eva , Dal Maso Luigino , Salvini Simonetta , Decarli Adriano , Giacosa Attilio 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAlthough debate on breast cancer and diet has been concentrated on nutrients, assessment of the role of specific foods and food groups and variety of food intake retains a considerable importance. To further elucidate the role of dietary habits, 2,569 women with incident breast cancer (median age 55 years) and 2,588 control women (median age 56 years), hospitalised with acute non‐neoplastic diseases, were interviewed between 1991 and 1994 in 6 different Italian areas. The validated food frequency questionnaire included 79 food items and recipes, which were grouped into 18 food groups (5 for “diversity” analyses purpose). After allowance for non‐dietary confounding factors and total energy intake, significant trends of increasing breast cancer risk with increasing intake emerged for the following food groups: bread and cereal dishes, pork and processed meats, and sugar and candies. Conversely, high intake of milk, poultry, fish, raw vegetables, potatoes and coffee and tea seemed to exert a protection against the development of breast cancer. Intake of soups, eggs, other meats, cheese, cooked vegetables, citrus fruits, other fruits and cake and desserts were not significantly related to breast cancer risk. The variety of vegetable types consumed weekly seemed to have a beneficial effect beyond the advantage of high vegetable intake per se. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Childhood cancer in Victoria, Australia, 1970–1989
Authors: Giles Graham , Waters Keith , Thursfield Vicky , Farrugia Helen 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe incidence of cancer between 1970 and 1989 in children aged less than 15 years and resident in the state of Victoria, Australia, was ascertained using records held by the Victorian Cancer Registry. Altogether, 1,189 children in the 1970s and 1,261 children in the 1980s were registered with new diagnoses of cancer and these were followed up until 30 June 1993. Between 1970–1979 and 1980–1989 the incidence of childhood cancer rose by 14%, but this was not statistically significant. Part of this apparent increase may have been due to improved registration of cases in the 1980s, particularly of certain tumour types, and of tumours in older children who may have been treated outside the major paediatric treatment centres. Between the 2 decades, 5–year survival increased from 49% to 67%, with improvements in almost all tumour types. Only in Ewing's sarcoma did survival proportions decrease, and this may be related to histological misclassification and to an increased proportion of Ewing's arising in the pelvis during the 1980s. There is evidence already that with new treatment regimens introduced during the 1980s survival in the 1990s will show increased gains. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High rate of MDR‐1 and heterogeneous pattern of MRP expression without gene amplification in endometrial cancer
Authors: Esteller Manel , Martinez‐Palones Josep M. , García Angel , Xercavins Jordi , Reventós Jaume 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe present study was undertaken to determine the pattern of expression of 2 molecular markers of multidrug resistance, the MDR‐I and MRP genes, in endometrial carcinomas from 50 untreated patients using a PCR semi‐quantitative assay. In addition, PCR analysis of MDR‐I and MRP gene amplification was obtained in each case. High rate of MDR‐I expression without gene amplification was detected in all endometrial‐carcinoma samples, as well as in 10 adenomatous hyperplasias and 50 samples of normal endometrium. On the other hand, MRP appeared to be expressed at moderate levels in normal endometrial tissue, while relatively high levels of MRP expression without gene amplification were occasionally observed in endometrial‐carcinoma samples. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Low efficiency of cytologic screening for cancer in situ of the cervix in older women
Authors: Gustafsson Leif , Sparen Par , Gustafsson Margit , Pettersson Birgitta , Wilander Erik , Bergstrom Reinhold , Adami Hans‐Olov 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCytologic screening for cervical cancer has proven to be beneficial in many countries, although the value of this intervention in women older than 50 years remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of detecting cancer in situ by means of a cytologic smear at different ages, with special emphasis on the benefit of screening in women above the age of 50. We analyzed 466,275 smears taken in an open cohort of 118,890 women in Sweden between 1969 and 1988. The number of cancers in situ detected per 1,000 smears, the detection ratio, was used as an outcome measure in univariate analyses and in multivariate regression models. Cancer/n situ was detected in 1,076 women in the study cohort. The detection ratio peaked at ages 30 to 34 and decreased heavily during the next 15 years of age. The efficiency of taking smears at ages above 50 was only 20 per cent (OR, 0.19; 95% Cl, 0.14–0.26) of that at ages 30 to 34. These results were not changed when adjusting for time period and time interval since the previous smear. In spite of a high incidence of invasive cervical cancer in older women, the benefit of cytologic screening to detect cancer in situ above the age of 50 is uncertain. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Uptake by cells and photosensitizing effectiveness of novel pheophorbide derivatives in vitro
Authors: Dagan Arie , Gatt Shimon , Cerbu‐Karabat Sara , Maziere Jean‐Claude , Maziere Cecile , Santus René , Engelhardt Edward L. , Yeh Karen A. , Stobbe Corinne C. , Fenning Matthew C. , Chapman J. Donald 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPheophorbide a prepared from the algae Spirulina was derivatized at the C(7)‐carboxylic group by linking amino alkyls of various lengths and terminal functional groups. The compounds were purified by thin‐layer chromatography (TLC) and by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Solubilization of compounds by serum lipoproteins, the kinetics of compound uptake into mammalian cells, and photosensitizing effectiveness when activated by 673 nm laser light have been studied. Optimal photosensitizer uptake into cells and the greatest photosensitizing activity were observed with compounds having side‐chain lengths of 4–6 carbon atoms which terminated in OH and CH3 groups. The most effective compounds were 3 orders of magnitude more potent than Photofrin in the degree of photoinactivation of cultured EMT‐6 tumor cells. HDL and LDL significantly promoted the efflux of these photosensitizing drugs from cells, suggesting that their long‐term retention in normal tissues in vivo would be minimal and produce little phototoxicity. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the relationship between the probenecid‐sensitive transport of daunorubicin or calcein and the glutathione status of cells overexpressing the multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP)
Authors: Versantvoort C. H. M. , Bagrij T. , Wright K. A. , Twentyman P. R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractCells exposed to calcein acetoxymethyl ester (calcein AM) in the growth medium become fluorescent following cleavage of calcein AM by cellular esterases to produce the fluorescent derivative calcein. It has previously been shown by others that multidrug resistant cells which overexpress P‐glycoprotein accumulate much less fluorescent calcein than the corresponding parental cells. We have now examined the transport of calcein in multidrug resistant cells which overexpress an alternative transporter, the multidrug resistance‐associated protein (MRP). Accumulation of calcein fluorescence was greatly reduced in the MRP‐overexpressing human lung cancer cell lines COR‐L23/R and MOR/R compared with their parental lines. Energy depletion resulted in a considerably increased accumulation in the resistant lines. Treatment of resistant cells with buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes cellular glutathione (GSH), did not affect calcein accumulation, in marked contrast to our previous results for daunorubicin or the fluorescent probe rhodamine 123. Genistein, verapamil, cyclosporin A and oua‐bain were also each able to modify, to some extent, accumulation of daunorubicin, whilst having essentially no effect on calcein accumulation. However, the organic anion transport inhibitor probenecid was able to increase accumulation of both calcein and daunorubicin in the resistant cells. Genistein and verapamil treatment preferentially reduced the GSH content of resistant cells, whilst probenecid did not. However, probenecid caused a clear decrease in release of GSH from resistant cells into the medium. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sporadic gastric carcinomas with microsatellite instability display a particular clinicopathologic profile
Authors: Seruca Raquel , Santos Nuno R. , David Leonor , Constáncia Miguel , Barroca Helena , Carneiro Fátima , Seixas Mario , Peltomäki Päivi , Lothe Ragnhild , Sobrinho‐Simöes Manuel 
Published: February 2007

AbstractMutations in recently identified genes on chromosomes 2 and 3 seem to be responsible for repair errors (RER+) throughout the genome. This novel genetic mechanism was first reported in hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome and in cancers that are characteristic of this syndrome, such as carcinomas of the right colon, stomach and endometrium. We investigated the frequency of RER+ phenotype in a series of 34 sporadic gastric carcinomas, in an attempt to see if the RER+ cases displayed any particular morphologic features and/or if they showed distinctive clinicopathologic characteristics. Twelve loci were investigated. We found 23 RER‐ cases (67.6%) and 11 RER+ cases (32.4%). A significant association was found between RER+ carcinomas and localization of the tumors: 9 of the 11 RER+ carcinomas (81.8%) were located at the antrum whereas all the cardiac tumors were RER‐. The RER+ phenotype was also significantly related to the presence of moderate/abundant T‐cell lymphoid infiltration within the tumors. The 3‐year survival rate of patients with RER+ tumors was suggestively longer than that of patients with RER‐ tumors. No significant relationship was found between several clinicopathologic characteristics of the cases, including age, sex, staging, histologic type and ploidy, despite a trend towards an association between RER+ phenotype and advanced age of the patients and poorly differentiated, intestinal type of the carcinomas. The high frequency of microsatellite instability in sporadic gastric carcinomas supports the involvement of this genetic mechanism in gastric carcinogenesis. Gastric carcinomas with the RER+ phenotype tend to occur as poorly differentiated adenocarcinomas in the antrum of elderly patients, display abundant T‐cell infiltration and carry a relatively good prognosis. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
p53 mutations in ovarian tumors, detected by temperature‐gradient gel electrophoresis, direct sequencing and immunohistochemistry
Authors: Kappes Stefanie , Milde‐Langosch Karin , Kressin Philipp , Passlack Babette , Dockhorn‐Dworniczak Barbara , Röhlke Peter , Löning Thomas 
Published: February 2007

AbstractSamples from 94 ovarian tumors, comprising 24 cystadenomas/adenofibromas, among them 6 benign and 18 borderline tumors, one benign Brenner tumor, 39 carcinomas, 17 sex‐cord stromal tumors, 5 germ‐cell tumors and 8 metastatic or recurrent neoplasms were screened for p53 aberrations by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), temperature‐gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), direct sequencing and immunohistochemistry. All sex‐cord stromal and germ‐cell tumors showed wild‐type p53, except for a heterozygous silent germ‐line mutation in one androblastoma. Somatic p53 mutations were detected in only one tumor of the cystadenoma/adenofibroma series (4.2%), in contrast to 38.5% of the carcinomas, among them 57.1% of serous papillary carcinomas, and 12.5 to 22.2% of endometrioid and mucinous carcinomas. By direct sequencing, the mutations of 13 cases were qualified as mis‐sense mutations (n = 10), or I to 2‐bp deletions (n = 3). Only 2 cases were immunohistochemically positive in the absence of detectable p53‐gene abnormalities. The presence of p53 aberrations was significantly correlated with high grade, but not with stage of disease. For 21 bilateral tumors and/or tumors spread to the peritoneum, samples from both ovaries and/or ascites were analyzed. Among these, 16 cases were identical as to the p53 genotype, 5 cases showed discordant p53 states in ovary and/or in ascites DNA. We conclude that somatic p53 mutations are very frequent in serous papillary carcinomas, particularly in tumors of high grade, bilaterality, and peritoneal spread, less frequent in other carcinoma types and extremely rare in borderline and benign tumors of the ovary. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Tumor uptake of intravenously administered radiolabeled antibodies in ovarian carcinoma patients in relation to antigen expression and other tumor characteristics
Authors: Buist Marrije R. , Kenemans Peter , Molthoff Carla F. M. , Roos Jan C. , Hollander Wim Den , Brinkhuis Mariel , Baak Jan P. A. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo study factors that possibly influence the heterogeneous tumor uptake of radiolabeled antibodies, tissues from 34 ovarian‐carcinoma patients were obtained 2 to 8 days after i.v. injection with radiolabeled murine OV‐TL 3 or chimeric MOv 18 (cMOv18). The tumor uptake and the ratio of tumor to normal tissue (T/NT) were studied in relation to the histopathological classification, prior treatment, site of tumor, time interval, antigen expression, volume percentage of (malignant) epithelium in the tumor tissue, and the size of the tumor. The results of immuno‐scintigraphy were also included. In addition, autoradiography using storage phosphor technology was performed on tissue sections from patients injected with iodine‐labeled cMOv18.Tumor uptake varied largely, not only between patients, but also between tumor deposits within the same patient. Uptake of OV‐TL 3 F(ab')2 was higher than of cMOv18 F(ab')2, but the T/NT ratios were similar. The antibody uptake was positively correlated with the pattern of antigen expression and inversely correlated with the time interval between injection and surgery. No correlation was observed with any of the other factors studied. The visibility with immunoscintigraphy was related to the size of the detected lesion, but not to the other factors studied. Autoradiography showed that antibodies preferentially localized in areas with cancer cells, which were immunohisto‐chemically positive for MOv18. In areas with weak antigen expression, autoradiography revealed less activity. The antigen expression by the tumor is an important factor for estimation of the tumor uptake of radiolabeled antibodies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
High nm23‐h1/ndpk‐a expression in ewing tumors: Paradoxical immunohistochemical reactivity and lack of prognostic significance
Authors: Aryee Dave N. T. , Ströbel Thomas , Kos Karin , Salzer‐Kuntschik Mechthild , Zoubek Andreas , Veron Michel , Ambros Inge M. , Traincart Francois , Gadner Helmut , Kovar Heinrich 
Published: February 2007

AbstractExpression of nm23‐HI/NDPK‐A has been reported to correlate inversely with metastasizing potential of rodent experimental cells and some human tumors. In the search for reliable molecular prognostic indicators for Ewing tumors (ET), a group of aggressive presumably neuroectodermal malignancies in children and adolescents, we studied nm23‐HI/NDPK‐A expression. Northern‐blot and RT‐PCR analyses were employed to semi‐quantificatively measure nm23‐HI mRNA levels in ET cell lines and tissue extracts. A panel of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were used to evaluate protein abundance by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The nm23‐HI/NDPK‐A gene was also investigated on the DNA level to define possible genomic alterations. Our results revealed neither nm23‐HI allelic loss nor gene amplification and failed to show any significant variation in nm23‐HI mRNA or NDPK‐A protein levels of primary or metastatic ET. NDPK‐A protein levels were high and comparable to those of MCF‐7 breast‐cancer cells and to aggressive stage‐IV neuroblastoma cell lines. nm23‐H2/NDPK‐B expression in ET was slightly more variable but generally lower than in MCF‐7 cells. In the immunohistochemical analysis, however, discrepancies in the reactivity patterns with different antibodies were observed. Differential sensitivity to various fixation methods and heat treatment pointed to a structurally polymorphic NDPK‐A protein. nm23‐H1 expression studies using immunohistochemistry for prognostic counselling should thus be interpreted with caution. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Expression of basic fibroblast growth factor in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck is associated with degree of histologic differentiation
Authors: Janot Fraçois , El‐Naggar Adel K. , Morrison Richard S. , Liu Ta‐Jen , Taylor Dorothy L. , Clayman Gary L. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractBasic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen and angiogenic protein that may function as an autocrine growth regulator in a variety of malignancies. Expression of bFGF in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) was characterized by Western blot and immunohistochemical analyses. We found that the levels of bFGF in tumors were the same or reduced relative to non‐malignant adjacent mucosa. Reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction and Southern blot transfer of mRNA derived from 7 SCCHN cell lines showed that the IIIb isoform of FGF‐receptor 2(FGFR2) was expressed at high levels, whereas the IIIC isoform and FGFRI were weakly expressed or not detected. No correlation was observed between levels of bFGF revealed by immunohistochemical staining and vascular counts in frozen sections derived from 11 different SCCHN tumors. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that all differentiated tumors exhibited high levels of bFGF immunoreactivity, while all poorly differentiated tumors exhibited low to nondetectable levels. This expression pattern is consistent with that observed in non‐tumoral mucosa and suggests that other angiogenic factors must play a predominant role in the development of poorly differentiated SCCHN. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.