bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Transcatheter closure of high‐risk muscular ventricular septal defects with the CardioSEAL occluder: Initial report from the CardioSEAL VSD Registry
Authors: Lim D. Scott , Forbes Thomas J. , Rothman Abraham , Lock James E. , Landzberg Michael J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives:The CardioSEAL VSD registry was created to track safety of the device to close high‐risk Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD).Background:This is the first report from the multi‐centered CardioSEAL VSD registry reviewing demographics and initial results.Methods:Centers recruited patients with VSD who were high‐risk for surgery due to medical condition or anatomic features.Results:18 centers contributed data on 55 high‐risk patients who had 61 VSD‐occlusion procedures, with age of range of 5 days to 65 years and using one to six devices. Implantation approach was transvenous in 48, perventricular in five, and by combined approach in two patients. Ninety‐two percent of intended VSD device implants were judged successful. Twenty‐two patients had single VSD closed by single device in 18 and by two devices in four patients. All patients <8 kg underwent perventricular device implantation. Thirty‐three patients had multiple VSDs which were closed by a single device in 23, and multiple devices in 10. At discharge echocardiography showed total residual flow through all VSDs in which devices were used was classified as “Small” or less in 74%, “More than small” in 11%, and “Uncertain” in 15%. Eight major adverse events occurred in 5/61 cases (8% event rate), with 3/81 devices embolized (4% embolization rate), 5/81 devices surgically explanted (6% explant rate), and no deaths judged to be procedure‐related.Conclusion:This initial report from the multi‐centered CardioSEAL VSD registry demonstrates the safety of the device to close high‐risk VSDs. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Three‐dimensional rotational digital angiography in a complicated case of patent ductus arteriosus transcatheter closure
Authors: Rigatelli Gianluca , Zamboni Alberto , Cardaioli Paolo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThere has been no report so far as to the usefulness of 3D rotational angiography in congenital heart disease interventions. We present a case of a difficult patent ductus arteriosus in which 3D rotational angiography was the key to successful closure. A 64‐year‐old woman who had been operated on many years previously for a patent ductus arteriosus came to our attention for a heart murmur on the left upper sternal border. Echocardiography revealed a still patent duct with moderate shunt. The patient underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, which confirmed patency of the duct, but its diameter and length were difficult to measure due to the particular orientation and morphology of the previously legated duct. It was decided to attempt device closure. Three‐dimensional rotational digital subtraction technique enabled us to find the most useful projection for measuring the duct and selecting the best implant device (coil or Amplatzer device). The exact oblique and cranio‐caudal degree of the selected projection on rotational 3D reconstruction was replicated to obtain the best standard digital subtraction angiographic view of the duct. Thus, a 5/4‐mm Amplatzer Duct Occluder was selected and successfully implanted with excellent results. This case suggests that 3D rotational angiography may be an important imaging tool to guide congenital heart disease interventions such as patent ductus arteriosus closure or aortic coarctation repair. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Day procedure intervention is safe and complication free in higher risk patients undergoing transradial angioplasty and stenting. The discharge study
Authors: Small Andrew , Klinke Peter , Della Siega Anthony , Fretz Eric , Kinloch David , Mildenberger Richard , Williams Malcolm , Hilton David 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives:To assess the timeframe of postprocedural complications following transradial percutaneous intervention in selected nonlow‐risk risk patients as a feasibility study for same day discharge.Background:Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is traditionally performed as an inpatient procedure. Transradial access with its lower complication rate facilitates safe and same day discharge. We hypothesize that with current standards of pharmacotherapy and intervention, complications post transradial percutaneous coronary angioplasty even in a nonlow‐risk patient cohort will be evident within 6 hr or occur more than 24 hr post procedure. Under these circumstances, overnight stay results in no improvement in patient safety.Methods:2,189 patients underwent transradial PCI at our institution between January 2005 and June 2006. Of these 1,174 were assessed as intermediate or high risk and admitted postprocedure. The remaining 1,015 were assessed as low risk and discharged the day of procedure. All 1,174 inpatients were entered into our study database. Information was collected on patient demographics, angiographic characteristics, post procedural complications, and timing of post procedural events.Results:1,543 ACC type B2 or C lesions were treated in 1,174 patients. All post‐procedural complications were identified within 6 hr of the intervention or occurred more than 24 hr later when patients would have been discharged according to overnight admission protocols.Conclusions:Day case transradial percutaneous intervention with a 6‐hr period of post procedure observation is a safe and feasible practice. The presence of higher‐risk features should not be considered an absolute indication for overnight admission in patients considered clinically appropriate for discharge. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Acute myocardial infarction and underlying stenosis severity
Authors: Frøbert Ole , van't Veer Marcel , Aarnoudse Wilbert , Simonsen Ulf , Koolen Jacques J. , Pijls Nico H.J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractObjectives:The objective of this study was to investigate the underlying stenosis severity of the culprit lesion in acute myocardial infarction.Background:It is widely believed that myocardial infarction often occurs in angiographically mild luminal stenosis. This, however, is in contradiction with experience from interventional practice in primary PCI.Methods:We performed quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) in 250 consecutive patients referred for acute percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) because of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Fundamental for analysis was that a realistic estimate of underlying luminal narrowing before the infarction could be made angiographically that QCA could be performed and that one of two criteria was met: (1) spontaneous reflow allowing assessment of the lumen proximal and distal to the culprit lesion, or (2) coronary artery closed at arrival but reflow after uncomplicated wiring allowing assessment of the lumen proximal and distal to the culprit lesion.Results:Of 250 consecutive patients (mean age 61.7 ± 12.7 years, 48 women) referred for acute PCI, 156 patients (62%) fulfilled at least one of the above criteria for reliable QCA. In 151 of these patients (96%) the severity of the underlying stenosis was >50% and in 103 (66%) it was >70%. There were no differences in stenosis severity between the left anterior descending [LAD, (72 ± 13)%, n = 57], left circumflex [Cx, (74 ± 10)%, n = 20], and right coronary artery territory [RCA, (74 ± 12)%, n = 76] (ANOVA, P = 0.76). There were no differences in stenosis severity between women [(73 ± 13)%, n = 36] and men [(75 ± 11)%, n = 120; P = 0.35].Conclusion:In contrast to what is often believed, the majority of myocardial infarctions occurs in significant stenosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Novel gradient coils designed using a boundary element method
Authors: Poole Michael , Bowtell Richard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBoundary element methods offer a powerful approach for designing gradient coils, allowing the generation of coils wounds on arbitrarily shaped surface so as to produce any form of field variation that is consistent with Maxwell's equations. These methods are based on meshing the current carrying surface into an array of boundary elements. In this work, we have extended boundary element methods that have previously been used used for coil design and integrated a powerful mesh generating program so as to produce coils with totally arbitrary geometry. Four examples are used to illustrate how the modified method provides a single versatile coil design protocol. These relate to the design of: i) shielded head gradients with highly asymmetric surface geometry that give the highest possible gradient field strengths; ii) very short, shielded gradient coils to allow improved access to the subject; iii) bi‐planar coils generating highly asymmetric, stepped magnetic fields for use in fast imaging by multiple acquisition with micro‐B0 arrays (MAMBA); iv) an insertable set of head gradient coils with shoulder cut‐outs. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part B (Magn Reson Engineering) 31B: 162–175, 2007
Differences in breast carcinoma characteristics in newly diagnosed African–American and Caucasian patients
Authors: Morris Gloria J. , Naidu Sashi , Topham Allan K. , Guiles Fran , Xu Yihuan , McCue Peter , Schwartz Gordon F. , Park Pauline K. , Rosenberg Anne L. , Brill Kristin , Mitchell Edith P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUNDBreast carcinomas in African–American patients appear to be more aggressive than in Caucasian patients due to multifactorial differences.METHODSThe authors compiled pathology data from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database regarding stage, histologic grade, and estrogen receptor (ER) expression in breast carcinomas diagnosed in 197,274 African–American and Caucasian patients between 1990 and 2000, and the same information, along with nuclear grade, Ki‐67, c‐erb‐B2, and p53 expression, in 2230 African–American and Caucasian patients diagnosed at Thomas Jefferson University Hospital between 1995 and 2002. Immunohistochemical markers were assayed in paraffin‐embedded, formalin‐fixed tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin using antibodies to these proteins, with differences in expression analyzed by the chisquare test.RESULTSIn both databases, more African–American patients presented with advanced stage tumors and higher histologic (P < .001) and nuclear grade (P < .001) than Caucasian patients. African–American patients had less ER positivity (51.9% vs 63.1%; P < .001) but significantly higher Ki‐67 (42.4% vs 28.7%; P < .001) and p53 expression (19.4% vs 13.1%; P < .05) than Caucasian patients with all stages of disease. In addition, the basal or “triple‐negative” breast cancer phenotype was more common in African–American patients than in Caucasian patients (20.8% vs 10.4%; P < .0001), and was associated with higher histologic and nuclear grade (P < .0001).CONCLUSIONSAfrican–American patients with breast carcinomas are more likely than Caucasian patients to present with tumors that are of a later stage and higher grade, with higher Ki‐67 expression and more ER negativity, thereby highlighting a greater need for early screening among African–American women. Molecular studies that may explain these differences, and correlations with survival, have been proposed to identify therapeutic targets. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
The risk of death from heart disease in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer who receive postoperative radiotherapy
Authors: Lally Brian E. , Detterbeck Frank C. , Geiger Ann M. , Thomas Charles R. , Machtay Mitchell , Miller Antonius A. , Wilson Lynn D. , Oaks Timothy E. , Petty W. Jeffrey , Robbins Mike E. , Blackstock A. William 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBACKGROUND.This study was designed to investigate whether the mortality from heart disease, a manifestation of intercurrent disease after postoperative radiotherapy (PORT), has decreased over time for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).METHODS.The 17‐registry 1973 to 2003 dataset from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was used to create a cohort of patients with NSCLC who had evidence of ipsilateral lymph node involvement diagnosed from 1983 to 1993 and who underwent pnuemonectomy/lobectomy (n = 6148 patients). Heart disease mortality was the primary endpoint: Deaths from other causes were censored, and surviving patients were censored at 10 years. The independent variable was PORT use, and adjustment variables included age at diagnosis, sex, race, year of diagnosis, laterality, location, histology, and the operation performed.RESULTS.Multivariate analysis revealed that PORT use was associated with an increase in heart disease mortality (hazards ratio [HR], 1.30; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.04–1.61; P = .0193) along with older age, male sex, African‐American race, and earlier year of diagnosis. The association was confirmed in the cohort that was diagnosed from 1983 to 1988 (HR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.11–2.01 [P = .0090]) but not for the cohort that was diagnosed from 1989 to 1993 (HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.79–1.48 [P = .6394]).CONCLUSIONS.The results from this study demonstrated that the risk of heart disease mortality associated with PORT has declined in more recent years. This may be secondary to improvements in the treatment planning and delivery of thoracic radiotherapy. Properly designed, prospective, adjuvant trials will be needed to verify these findings. Cancer 2007; 110:911–7. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Diagnosis delays in childhood cancer
Authors: Dang‐Tan Tam , Franco Eduardo L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTimely access to quality healthcare has become an increasingly important public health concern over the years. Early diagnosis of cancer is a fundamental goal in oncology because it allows an opportunity for timely treatment while disease burden is still in its earliest stages. Consequently, prognosis may improve, and a cure can be attained with minimal side or late effects. This review examined delays present in diagnosis of childhood cancers and factors that influence these delays. An extensive search of the literature published before April 15, 2007 was conducted for studies that evaluated any type of delay along the cancer‐care continuum. Twenty‐three studies were included. Diagnosis delay varied across studies. Physician delays were generally longer than those consequent to parents' or patients' recognition of underlying disease. Causes of delays can be grouped into 3 categories: patient and/or parent, disease, and healthcare. The main factors related to diagnosis delay were the child's age at diagnosis, parent level of education, type of cancer, presentation of symptoms, tumor site, cancer stage, and first medical specialty consulted. Greater understanding of factors that influence delays and the individual impact of patient and provider delays on disease severity and prognosis would be useful to form effective policies and programs aimed at ensuring timely access to healthcare for children with cancer. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Digital video transmission for broadband networks
Authors: Hede Carsten 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe information society to come is characterized by a large information flow in the integrated broadband network. Today it is the distribution of TV programmes that requires high transmission capacity. This leaves the cable operator with a problem. How should the CATV network of today be constructed? It must fulfil the need for distribution now and it must be prepared for new services to come.Some aspects of the above problem are discussed in this paper. It is emphasized that digital techniques as well as optical fibre transmission should be included in a modern cable network. The Danish DOCAT network concept is presented as one way to accomplish this. DOCAT combines optical fibre transmission in the trunk network with conventional coaxial techniques in the subscriber network.
High bandwidth metropolitan area networking architecture
Authors: Goldstein B. , Jaffe J. , Low J. , Meleis H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe evolution of optical transmission media and laser technology has made bandwidth an abundant commodity rather than a scarce one. This factor has been clearly recognized by the communications community. As a result metropolitan area networks have been described by some as an extension of local area networks, with the major distinction being that MANs cover a larger distance than LANs. There are several limitations to the approach of simply extending LAN technology to the MAN environment. In this paper a new perspective on MAN architecture is provided that differs from the evolving LAN architecture.
Multiservice optical video communication networks — first results and ongoing developments in france
Authors: Triboulet M. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSince 1986, the first operating video communications systems developed by ALCATEL, have been commercially opened in the cities of Rennes, Saint‐Cloud, Mantes and Toulon; other plants are under installation in the cities of Evry, Marseille, Massy, Gennevilliers, Lille and Montpellier. The basic infrastructures already installed permit the connection of several tens of thousands of households.Compared with conventional coaxial system, the ALCATEL video communications system presents the following main advantages:
More efficient operating facilities for audiovisual services offering built‐in access control functions, without any additional descrambling terminal on the user's premises, allowing easy introduction of pay‐per‐view programming, and providing advertising people with adequate audience measurements.
Flexible and continuous implementation of additional telecommunication services such as telephony, videotex, home security, bidirectional data transmission and professional specialized applications.
Those advantages are a direct consequence of the switched‐star network structure, based on fibre‐optic technologies.After a brief overview of the architecture, the paper will present design principles and the main technical choices related to the ALCATEL system. The second part of the paper will describe the different subsystems constituting the switched‐star network such as the subscriber subsystem and the operating and maintenance organization. Lastly, different evolving schemes for future introduction of narrowband and the broadband telecommunication services will be proposed.
Efficient transport of narrowband and broadband information units in ATM networks
Authors: Pattavina Achille 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe selection of appropriate information transfer units and their format is an important consideration in engineering a communication network based on the asynchronous transfer mode. This network, which basically consists of self‐routing switches and statistical multiplexers for fixed‐size information units, provides a slotted transport capability for narrowband and broadband services. It is difficult to choose a slot size to carry fixed‐size packets because it might not be optimal for all situations, given an uncertain mix of a variety of services each with different packet size requirements. Selection of a slot size is less critical when the protocol architecture contains a packet multiplexing protocol that allows several packets to be carried in the same slot. This paper describes this type of protocol. It also evaluates the performance of a concentrator for this protocol, providing an upper bound on the throughput and evaluating packet delays for different input levels. The results show that bandwidth can be used efficiently when information units smaller than the usable capacity of a slot are needed, e.g. short data transactions or voice packets.
A second‐generation BISDN prototype
Authors: Bussey Howard E. , Porter Frederick D. , Raitz John E. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHigh‐speed packet switching techniques enable broadband networks to efficiently transport and switch services of varied characteristics. Fixed‐length packets, or cells, are carried within a slotted frame structure. This form of transport is now known as asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). A broadband ATM‐based network can be described in terms of a small set of cell manipulation primitives. These primitives are described and partitioned into hardware modules. The modules may be interconnected in a variety of fashions for construction of broadband network prototypes. A configuration that implements broadband integrated access is described.
Elastic basket switching
Authors: Morita Shuzo , Katsuyama Tsuneo , Ito Kazuhiko , Hayami Hichiro 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a new integrated switching system, ‘elastic basket switching’, for broadband and multimedia communications, including voice and high‐speed data.In elastic basket switching (EBS), it is possible flexibly and efficiently to handle multimedia information by adaptively assigning communication resources according to communication requests and bandwidth of switched information. For continuous information, such as voice, EBS functions just as a circuit switching system, and for burst data it achieves high‐efficiency bandwidth usage equivalent to a packet switching system by demand‐assign type time‐slot assignment.The detail of EBS and its application to a departmental system‐orientated PBX are described. The traffic handling capability and details of the hardware structure are presented. The experimental system, including use of LSIs in the main parts of EBS is also described.
Performance of wideband, non‐linearly amplified PAM cable systems
Authors: Hatzinakos Dimitrios , Feher Kamilo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe performance of wide‐band non‐linearly amplified, i.e. power efficient, 2‐, 4‐, 8‐, 16‐ and 32‐level PAM digital cable systems is studied. The effect of amplitude and phase non‐linearities (AM to AM) and (AM to PM) on the error rate performance and on the received eye diagrams is analysed by computer simulations and experimentally. We demonstrate that significant performance improvement could be attained by means of predistortion linearization, prior to the transmit (high power) amplifier, and by simple modification of the threshold decoding levels in the receiver.
Terminal‐to‐network communication in an ATM‐based ISDN
Authors: Pauwels B. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper addresses the topic of signalling and connectionless data transfer virtual channels in ATM at the UNI.It recapitulates on the access signalling support in narrowband ISDN, as a representative of an STM network and the predecessor of the coming broadband ISDN. Also, the influence of the customer premises network architecture is taken into account.From there, it is investigated in which ways these principles can be extended, into a general access infrastructure and access configuration management for signalling and connectionless services in the ATM‐based broadband ISDN. Some possible implications for the internal architecture of the CPN and the network are discussed. This brings some insight into the restrictions which standardization of these principles at the UNI may bring along for the architecture.
CATV in France: Present situation and future directions
Authors: Robin Philippe , Veyres Camille 
Published: July 2007

AbstractFibre‐optic systems have been introduced in France initially in the subscriber loop (fibre to the home) for experimenting switched broadband services (Biarritz opened in 1984) and then, under the Plan Cǎble for CATV/multiservice networks (twelve cities or groups of cities, about 900,000 homes), and as CATV trunks and feeders in 40 other cities or groups of cities (another 4,500,000 homes). This unique experience with fibre in the subscriber loop, albeit slightly premature gives some assurance on the future economic feasibility of the fibre‐to‐the‐home or fibre‐to‐the‐office concepts under development.D2‐MAC/packet with smart card access control has been selected as the standard for scrambling/enciphering audiovisual signals on cable and on satellite.The integration of the recent hybrid or fibre broadband TV networks and of their network management systems into the telecommunication networks is still being discussed.