bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Optimization of chemical aids in the process of deinking sludge thickening
Authors: Czechowski Jacek , Olejnik Konrad 
Published: May 2008

Optimization of chemical aids in the process of deinking sludge thickening
The authors have analyzed a modern technological line of the latest chemicals for the recovered paper processing and de-inking in terms of reducing the amount of wastes arising during the production. The authors have also investigated the effectiveness of selected chemical aids (coagulants and flocculants) supporting the process of sludge dewatering. 12 different types of flocculants were tested. The best chemical agent was selected as well as its optimal dosage. The highest dynamics of sludge dewatering improvement (expressed by the dewatering time under standard conditions) was observed with the ECR3 agent dosage of 6 - 6.5 kg per tonne of the absolutely dry sludge. Long-term analyses of the tested line have proved that the retention aid and its dosage were selected correctly.
Optimization of the quintic equation of the state based model for the calculations of different thermodynamic properties
Authors: Kozioł Antoni , Wiśniewski Radosław 
Published: May 2008

Optimization of the quintic equation of the state based model for the calculations of different thermodynamic properties
Different thermodynamic properties (the vapour density, the liquid density and the saturation pressure) were calculated by the model based on the Nakamura-Breedveld-Prausnitz equation of state (NBP EOS). Since the original form of the NBP EOS often generates inaccurate results for liquids, it was modified to describe this phase better. The calculations were realized in the subcritical region. So far, the temperature-dependent NBP EOS parameters have been obtained by special correlations. Their constants were fitted to a lot of experimental data. In this paper the equation of state temperature-dependent parameters were obtained by a new method which was based at piecewise cubic Hermite interpolating polynomials (PCHIPs). In the proposed method some experimental data (called the key ones) were used, thus reducing the experimental effort. Seven substances were chosen for the test calculations. Each of them is common in industry. The calculation results were compared with the experimental data. The new method has made an accurate description of vapour-liquid equilibrium for the considered pure substances over a wide temperature range possible.
Kinetic approach and balancing of aerobic stabilization of solid wastes in lysimeters
Authors: Krzystek Liliana , Slezak Radosław , Zieleniewska-Jastrzebska Anna , Ledakowicz Stanisław 
Published: May 2008

Kinetic approach and balancing of aerobic stabilization of solid wastes in lysimeters
Forced aeration of old landfills by an in situ method causes enhanced reduction of leachate indices organic load, a decrease of greenhouse gases emitted to the atmosphere and waste stabilization. The aim of the research was an experimental simulation of aerobic stabilization on landfills carried out under different conditions of leachate recirculation in lysimeters. The results were used in balancing and the kinetic analysis of the organic substance degradation.
Purification of the used palm oil by adsorption
Authors: Buczek Bronisław , Chwiałkowski Wojciech 
Published: May 2008

Purification of the used palm oil by adsorption
The components of fresh vegetable oils are mainly non-polar. During frying of food, complex and multistage reactions occur in the oil, which produce various polar compounds. Active carbons are characterized by small contents of polar functional groups, which are responsible for adsorbing such polar compounds. Effective purification of the used frying oils must involve the removal of the polar substances. To improve the quality of the used palm oil, an active carbon oxidized by a hydrogen peroxide treatment was used. Such a carbonaceous adsorbent improves the quality of the oil used for frying food by purifying it from colour substances, lipid hydrolysis products, oxidation products and total polar compounds.
Two-phase CFD simulation of the monodyspersed suspension hydraulic behaviour in the tank apparatus from a circulatory pipe
Authors: Plewik Roch , Synowiec Piotr , Wójcik Janusz 
Published: May 2008

Two-phase CFD simulation of the monodyspersed suspension hydraulic behaviour in the tank apparatus from a circulatory pipe
The hydrodynamics in fluidized-bed crystallizers is studied by CFD method. The simulations were performed by a commercial packet of computational fluid dynamics Fluent 6.x. For the one-phase modelling (15), a standard k-ε model was applied. In the case of the two-phase flows the Eulerian multi-phase model with a standard k-ε method, aided by the k-ε dispersed model for viscosity, has been used respectively. The collected data put a new light on the suspension flow behaviour in the annular zone of the fluidised bed crystallizer. From the presented here CFD simulations, it clearly issues that the real hydraulic conditions in the fluidised bed crystallizers are far from the ideal ones.
The effect of pH on the sorption of copper ions by alginates
Authors: Kwiatkowska-Marks Sylwia , Miłek Justyna , Wójcik Marek 
Published: May 2008

The effect of pH on the sorption of copper ions by alginates
The effect of pH on copper ions sorption by alginates has been investigated. The granules of the sorbent obtained from sodium alginate (type DMF, manufactured by KELCO) have been applied. By using a new method of gelation a biosorbent containing from 11.3 to 20.3% mas. of alginate has been produced. Investigations have been carried out at a constant temperature of 25°C and the pH values ranging from 3 to 5. The obtained experimental results have been described by the Langmuir equation. It has been found that with the increasing pH of the solution the maximum biosorbent sorption capacity increased.
Removal of organic solvents for the purpose of manufacturing of solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesives
Authors: Czech Zbigniew , Milker Roland , Butwin Agnieszka , Herko Ewa 
Published: May 2008

Removal of organic solvents for the purpose of manufacturing of solvent-free pressure-sensitive adhesives
The present report reports on the process of the removal of organic solvents in the polymerisation reactor, thin-layer evaporator, and twin-screw extruder for the production of the solvent-free acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). New applications and technical specifications stimulate the continuous development of new methods of manufacturing of non-solvent self-adhesives. The new synthesis of 100% acrylic systems includes solvent polymerisation and finally a removal of volatile organic compounds in a special extruder, polymerisation vessel or an industrial evaporator. The removal process requires controlling such relevant parameters as temperature, pressure and volatile organic compounds concentration.
Modelling of a batch anaerobic digestion
Authors: Szewczyk Krzysztof , Bukowski Jerzy 
Published: May 2008

Modelling of a batch anaerobic digestion
The Anaerobic Digestion Model no 1 (ADM1) has been implemented to simulate batch fermentation. The pH changes and inhibition of the fermentation have been studied. The model has been used to investigate the effects of substrate composition and concentration as well as the composition of the microorganism population on the course of fermentation. The overload of a reactor has been discussed.
Modeling of the influence of the modifier concentration on the retention process in NP-HPLC
Authors: Zapała Wojciech 
Published: May 2008

Modeling of the influence of the modifier concentration on the retention process in NP-HPLC
The adsorption model for an accurate prediction of the analyte retention in the normal - phase liquid chromatography with a binary mobile phase has been proposed. This model was derived using a thermody-namically consistent modified competitive Langmuir isotherm. The performance of the proposed equation was compared with two retention models reported in literature. All models were verified for different NP-LC systems by use of three criteria: the sum of squared differences between the experimental and theoretical data, approximation of the standard deviation and the Fisher test.
Removal of carbonaceous matters over alumina supported chromium and platinum chromium catalysts
Authors: Sarbak Zenon , Surma Krzysztof , Wieczorek Kinga 
Published: May 2008

Removal of carbonaceous matters over alumina supported chromium and platinum chromium catalysts
Platinum, both alone and with a low and high amount of chromium as an additive supported on alumina, was studied as a catalyst. These catalysts were examined in the removal of the carbonizate as a model material. It was found that the 2Cr/Al2O3 catalyst showed a significant increase in the catalytic activity as compared to 20Cr/Al2O3. An addition of platinum was found to cause a decrease of activity.
Size-dependent growth kinetics of vitamin C crystals in water solutions of L(+)-ascorbic acid with the addition of methanol and ethanol
Authors: Wierzbowska Bogusława , Piotrowski Krzysztof , Koralewska Joanna , Matynia Andrzej 
Published: May 2008

Size-dependent growth kinetics of vitamin C crystals in water solutions of L(+)-ascorbic acid with the addition of methanol and ethanol
Growth kinetics of vitamin C crystals during the batch mass crystallization process in L(+)-ascorbic acid - methanol - ethanol - water system was determined. The linear growth rate values were estimated on the basis of the product crystal size distributions. The kinetic model of the continuous process in a MSMPR crystallizer was adopted for the batch mode description according to Nyvlt's conception, taking the sizedependent growth (SDG) rate effects into consideration. The kinetic parameter values were determined with a Rojkowski hyperbolic SDG model. A good compatibility between the experimental product crystal population density distributions and the SDG model predictions was observed. The interpretation of the kinetic data was presented and discussed.
Investigation of aerosol dispersion in fibrous filters
Authors: Jackiewicz Anna , Bałazy Anna , Podgórski Albert 
Published: May 2008

Investigation of aerosol dispersion in fibrous filters
Fractional penetration through four fibrous filters was determined experimentally at various air velocities. To describe the data obtained for multilayer sets of filters composed of up to nine layers of the same filter, the axial dispersion model was applied. This model predicts a non-exponential decrease of aerosol penetration with a filter thickness increase. The dispersion model contains two parameters, λ and Dx
, which were evaluated on the basis of the experimental data. For the first time ever the axial dispersion coefficients, Dx
, in fibrous filters were determined.
Extraction of organic impurities using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6]
Authors: Koźlecki Tomasz , Sawiński Wojciech , Sokołowski Adam , Ludwig Wojciech , Polowczyk Izabela 
Published: May 2008

Extraction of organic impurities using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6]
Extraction of several chloro compounds from water has been examined. As the extracting liquid the 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM][PF6], which is common hydrophobic ionic liquid, was used. Additionally, extraction of selected chlorinated compounds from tert-butylmethylether (MTBE) was investigated. The obtained results show the usefulness of [BMIM][PF6] to remove the organic impurities from water, particularly at the concentration range inappropriate for biological purification plants.
New Grassland Association Triseto-Centaureetum Macroptili ASS. Nova in Slovenia
Authors: Zelnik Igor 
Published: May 2008

New Grassland AssociationTriseto-Centaureetum MacroptiliASS. Nova in SloveniaThe work describes the community of improved meadows that thrives on the elevated parts of alluvia and sometimes marshes, on the sites above the flooded areas. These stands were found and recorded in the sub-Pannonian and pre-Dinaric areas of Slovenia. The relevés were compared with other similar communities from the allianceArrhenatherionKoch 1926 as well as some of the ecological characteristics. A new association namedTriseto-Centaureetum macroptiliass. nova is here proposed. It was classified into allianceArrhenatherionand orderArrhenatheretaliaR. Tx 1931. The characters of the orderMolinietaliaKoch 1926 are also common, which reflects the transitional environmental conditions of those sites. The association thrives on deposits, predominantly on levees, where the soil is permeable for water. The material from these meadows, which are mown once to twice a year, is used for fodder and not for litter, which confirms their classification.
Palynologic and Lithostratigraphic Research of Lacustrine, Marsh and Fluvial Quaternary Deposits in Rašica Dolina and Mišja Dolina, and on Radensko Polje
Authors: Culiberg Metka , Dozet Stevo 
Published: May 2008

Palynologic and Lithostratigraphic Research of Lacustrine, Marsh and Fluvial Quaternary Deposits in Rašica Dolina and Mišja Dolina, and on Radensko Polje
The article deals with the results of palynological and stratigraphical research of lacustrine, marsh and fluvial Quaternary deposits in the Rašica dolina and Mišja dolina, and on Radensko polje. Correlation with equivalent Quaternary deposits and their palynoflora from the Grosuplje polje area was also performed. In the study area, Mesozoic, predominantly carbonate rocks are transgressively covered by Quaternary deposits which are in general composed of five lithostratigraphic units (from bottom to top): 1. gravel, 2. grey lacustrine clay, 3. reddish brown loam, 4. light grey marly clay and 5. alluvial marsh deposits. On the basis of pollen analysis the Quaternary sediments of the study area are chronostratigraphically classified to the Late or Middle Pleistocene and Holocene.
The Association Erysimo - Trifolietum Micev. 1977 in Bulgaria and Some Remarks on its Mediterranean Character
Authors: Sopotlieva Desislava , Apostolova Iva 
Published: May 2008

The AssociationErysimo - TrifolietumMicev. 1977 in Bulgaria and Some Remarks on its Mediterranean CharacterWe endeavor to enlarge the knowledge about Bulgarian vegetation diversity. Data on seminatural grasslands containing 344 relevés, collected in Southeast Bulgaria were analyzed by the combine method, using TWIN-SPAN and the Cocktail method. TheErysimo diffusii-Trifolietum angustifoliiassociation and the allianceTrifolion cherleriwere established for the first time in Bulgaria. So far the presence of this association was known for Macedonia. The aims of our study are to present more data about theErysimo-Trifolietumin Bulgaria and to make some comments about its affiliation toHelianthemetea guttati.The association is characterized ecologically and floristically. Analysis of the floristic elements shows that the most numerous are sub-Mediterranean species. Analysis of the life forms shows that these communities are hemicryptophyte-therophytic. A review of syntaxonomical systems and association assignment to higher syntaxa were made. According to current European vege-tation surveys the association should be related to classHelianthemetea guttati.Our results reveal an intermediate character of the studied vegetation - closed dry grasslands, with distinct presence ofFestuco-Brometeaspecies with a high percent of therophytes and Mediterranean floristic elements related toHelianthemetea guttatias well.
Illyrian Pre-Alpine Fir and beech Forests - The Association Homogyno Sylvestris-Fagetum Marinček et al. 1993
Authors: MarinČek Lojze , Čarni Andraž 
Published: May 2008

Illyrian Pre-Alpine Fir and beech Forests - The AssociationHomogyno Sylvestris-FagetumMarinček et al. 1993The work deals with the associationHomogyno sylvestris-Fagetumin the pre-Alpine region of Slovenia. The communitis were classified into a geographical racetypicaand divided into six subassociations:typicumsubass. nova,mercurialetosum perennissubass. nova,festucetosum altissimaesubass. nova,calamagrostietosum variaesubass. nova,luzuletosum sylvaticaesubass. nova andvaccinietosum myrtillisubass. nova. The results are shown in the analytical table, as well as in two diagrams.
The Association Hyperico-Euphorbietum Glabriflorae Rexhepi 1978 in the Serpentine Terrains of Drenica Mountain
Authors: Krasniqi Elez , Millaku Fadil 
Published: May 2008

The AssociationHyperico-Euphorbietum GlabrifloraeRexhepi 1978 in the Serpentine Terrains of Drenica MountainIn the territory of Kosovo there are many serpentine mountain massifs. The largest complexes are found in the valley of the Ibër River, and the same are continued in a discontinuous chain through Koznica and Golesh to the southwest of the territory of Kosovo. Vegetation on the serpentine bedrock is rich in rare species and communities, which cannot be found in the Balkans and Europe. The communities appearing on the serpentine bedrock are characteristic and important for science. They are endemic due to the presence of endemic species in their species composition. Drenica Mountain (1051 m) is part of the Central Kosovo Mountains. These terrains are situated in the central part of Kosovo, between Çiçavica, Kosovo plain (Golesh), Llapusha, the Carraleva Mountains and the Anadrini region. A considerable part of these areas consists of serpentine bedrock, which is covered by interesting flora and vegetation. In the vegetation of Drenica Mountain 10 communities have been identified. Two of them are found on serpentine bedrock: ass.Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabrifloraeand ass.Potentillo-Fumanetum bonapartei. These communities belong to the open space, and are also located in other parts of Kosovo, but only on serpentine bedrock. On Drenica Mountain there are two localities where these two communities appear. In this paper we focus in particular on ass.Hyperico-Euphorbietum glabriflorae
Subalpine Beech Forest with Hairy Alpenrose (Polysticho Lonchitis-Fagetum Rhododendretosum Hirsuti Subass. Nova) on Mt. Snežnik (Liburnian Karst, Dinaric Mts)
Authors: Surina Boštjan , Rakaj Marash 
Published: May 2008

Subalpine Beech Forest with Hairy Alpenrose (Polysticho Lonchitis-Fagetum Rhododendretosum HirsutiSubass. Nova) on Mt. Snežnik (Liburnian Karst, Dinaric Mts)Subalpine beech stands with Hairy Alpenrose (Rhododendron hirsutum) were phytosociologically studied on Mt. Snežnik (Dinaric Mts). They thrived on stony and steep slopes of northern exposure. Comparisons with other subalpine Beech stands (Polysticho lonchitis-Fagetums. lat.), Dinaric Fir-Beech stands with Hairy Alpen-rose (Omphalodo-Fagetums. lat.rhododendretosum hirsuti), and prealpine fir-beech stands with Hairy Alpenrose (Homogyno sylvestris-Fagetums. lat.rhododendretosum hirsuti), stands of Hairy Alpenrose and Beech (Rhododendro hirsuti-Fagetums. lat.), as well as Austrian subalpine beech stands (Saxifrago rotundifoliae-Fagetums. lat.) showed their unique floristical composition due to ecological conditions, and thus distinct syntaxonomical position within the associationPolysticho-Fagetum. Therefore, a new subassociationPolysticho-Fagetum rhododendretosum hirsutisubass. nova was described, and - as differential species for the subassociation -Rhododendron hirsutum, Rubus saxatilis, Rosa pendulina, andClematis alpinawere chosen.
Business Demography - the Analysis of Firm Population in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship as Compared to the Polish and European Market
Authors: Markowicz Iwona 
Published: May 2008

Business Demography - the Analysis of Firm Population in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodship as Compared to the Polish and European Market
Business demography is a new developing field of research. Problems in scientific research occur due to methodological inaccuracies. Differences in defining terms and indicators, and differences and changes in business registration standards make it difficult to analyse data in time or to conduct a comparative study of various countries. Many problems still remain to be solved; however, there is a need to study the population of firms and to analyse processes occurring in these populations. This article shows the data on birth rates and death rates of European business entities registered by the Eurostat. It also presents firm set-up indicators and firm liquidation indicators in the Zachodniopomorskie voivodship as compared to the Polish market.
Estimation of Approximate Values of the Optimum Points on Efficient Portfolios Curve
Authors: Kowgier Henryk 
Published: May 2008

Estimation of Approximate Values of the Optimum Points on Efficient Portfolios Curve
In the paper a method is found for estimating approximate optimum points on efficient portfolios curve (risk-profit) that are connected with exponential utility functions being very frequently preferred in practice by investors.
Econometric Models of Propensities
Authors: Hozer Józef , Doszyń Mariusz 
Published: May 2008

Econometric Models of Propensities
Human being is one of the most important sources of causative forces of events that assemble economical processes. Working out the effective tools that enable measurement of the impact of people on socio-economic processes is necessary in analyzing, troubleshooting and forecasting. In the article the issues of calculating propensities by means of properly specified econometrics models were presented. The definition of propensity was introduced. Questions connected with topic of propensities were presented in context of concepts promoted by Szczecin school of econometrics (pentagon of sources of causative forces, types of relationships in economics, geometric interpretation of personality, broom of events). Econometric models, useful in analyzing propensities, were classified on primary models, econometrics models of average propensities and econometrics models of marginal propensities. Connections between the models were described. Settlement of analytical shapes of characterized models was mentioned. In an empirical example the presented methods were used to analyze average and marginal propensity to consumption of alcoholic beverages and tobacco in the households of employees in manual labour positions in Poland in years 1993-2005.
Technology and Space in Innovation Performance of Polish Regions
Authors: Świadek Arkadiusz 
Published: May 2008

Technology and Space in Innovation Performance of Polish RegionsSpace and technology are key determinant of innovation performance in industry not only in Poland, but also in developed economies. This research proved that space, time, technology and size of industrial enterprises are important elements of every regional innovation system. For this reason, those factors should be given appropriate attention while developing innovation strategies.