bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Population abundance of the common hippopotamus Hippopotamus amphibius in the Haut Niger National Park, Republic of Guinea / Abondance de la population d'hippopotame commun Hippopotamus amphibius dans le Parc National du Haut Niger, République de Guinée
Authors: Brugière David , Magassouba Bakary , Sylla Amidou , Diallo Halimou , Sow Mamadou 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Republic of Guinea is thought to contain the largest population of common hippopotamus in West Africa. However, no systematic field survey has been carried out recently and the information available is limited to informal observations. To clarify the status of the common hippopotamus in Guinea, we carried out a biannual population survey along the section of the Niger River (the largest river in Guinea) within the Haut Niger National Park. We counted 93 hippopotamuses in 28 groups in the dry season and 77 hippopotamuses in 23 groups in the wet season. Mean group size and number of neonates did not change between the seasons. Hippopotomuses were more numerous along the river sections bordering uncultivated floodplains. This underlines the significance of this habitat (which is used as a grazing area) for conservation of this species. Haut Niger National Park is the most important protected area in Guinea for conservation of the common hippopotamus. Hippopotamus-human and -cattle conflicts in terms of floodplain use in the park's buffer zone should be closely monitored. Floodplain conversion to rice fields represents one of the most important threats to the long-term conservation of hippopotamus populations in Guinea.
Mus spretus et M. musculus (Rodentia, Mammalia) en zone méditerranéenne: différenciation biométrique et morphologique: application à des fossiles marocains pléistocènes / Mus spretus and M. musculus (Rodentia, Mammalia) in the Mediterranean zone: biometric and morphological differentiation: application to Pleistocene Moroccan fossils
Authors: Darviche Djamchid , Orth Annie , Michaux Jacques 
Published: April 2007

RésuméLa présente étude porte sur la taille et la forme des dents et sur la morphologie crânienne d'individus en provenance d'Europe sud-occidentale et d'Afrique du Nord caractérisés génétiquement comme appartenant aux espèces Mus spretus et Mus musculus domesticus . Une révision des caractères diagnostiques des dents et du crâne utilisés pour la détermination de l'appartenance spécifique des spécimens a été faite. La révision porte sur 17 caractères métriques et 14 caractères morphologiques. Une application à un matériel fossile inédit d'âge pléistocène supérieur du Maroc a ensuite été tentée. La détermination de ces restes fossiles représentés par des molaires inférieures de souris du gisement de Doukkala II, près de Rabat, permet de conclure à la présence d'une souris très proche de l'actuelle M. spretus . La présence dans le Pléistocène supérieur d'une souris, différente de la souris domestique, est ainsi démontrée dans le nord de l'Afrique, l'arrivée de la souris domestique dans ce secteur restant à préciser.
Geographic variation in body size of American mink ( Mustela vison ) / Variation géographique de la taille du corps chez le vison d'Amérique ( Mustela vison )
Authors: Stevens Richard T. , Kennedy Michael L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSpatial variation in 26 morphological characters of American mink ( Mustela vison ) from 35 localities in North America was investigated using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Localities were chosen based on watersheds, and it was hypothesized that high levels of gene flow in minks would prevent partitioning of body size variation within watersheds. All 26 characters in males and 25 of 26 in females exhibited significant interlocality variation. The patterns of variation in body size resulting from principal components analysis indicated that, for both sexes, minks were largest in Alaska, Manitoba, and Alberta; smallest minks were found in Florida and Quebec. There did not appear to be a relationship between body size and geographic proximity. Environmental factors collectively were found to be related to body size, although individual variables were not typically significant. Of 16 environmental variables examined, only longitude was correlated with body size in both sexes, with largest minks in the west and smallest in the east. Latitude was also correlated with body size in females. It was concluded that variation in body size of mink was likely the result of more than one factor that includes both biotic and abiotic features.
Randomized Clinical Trial of Prevention of Hydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage in Preterm Infants: Brain-Washing Versus Tapping Fluid
Authors: Whitelaw Andrew , Evans David , Carter Michael , Thoresen Marianne , Wroblewska Jolanta , Mandera Marek , Swietlinski Janusz , Simpson Judith , Hajivassiliou Constantinos , Hunt Linda P. , Pople Ian 
Published: April 2007

OBJECTIVE. Hydrocephalus is a serious complication of intraventricular hemorrhage in preterm infants, with adverse consequences from permanent ventriculoperitoneal shunt dependence. The development of hydrocephalus takes several weeks, but no clinical intervention has been shown to reduce shunt surgery in such infants. The aim of this study was to test a new treatment intended to prevent hydrocephalus and shunt dependence after intraventricular hemorrhage.
METHODS. We randomly assigned 70 preterm infants who had gestational ages of 24 to 34 weeks and were progressively enlarging their cerebral ventricles after intraventricular hemorrhage to either (1) drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy to wash out blood and cytokines or (2) tapping of cerebrospinal fluid by reservoir as required to control excessive expansion and signs of pressure (standard treatment). We evaluated outcomes at 6 months of age or hospital discharge (if later).
RESULTS. Of 34 infants who were assigned to drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy, 2 died and 13 underwent shunt surgery (dead or shunt: 44%). Of 36 infants who were assigned to standard therapy, 5 died and 14 underwent shunt surgery (dead or shunt: 50%). This difference was not significant. Twelve (35%) of 34 infants who received drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy had secondary intraventricular hemorrhage compared with 3 (8%) of 36 in the standard group. Secondary intraventricular hemorrhage was associated with an increased risk for subsequent shunt surgery and more blood transfusions.
CONCLUSIONS. Despite its logical basis and encouraging pilot data, drainage, irrigation, and fibrinolytic therapy did not reduce shunt surgery or death when tested in a multicenter, randomized trial. Secondary intraventricular hemorrhage is a major factor that counteracts any possible therapeutic effect from washing out old blood.
The Emerging Role of Targeted Therapy for Hematologic Malignancies: Update on Bortezomib and Tipifarnib
Authors: Armand Jean-Pierre , Burnett Alan K. , Drach Johannes , Harousseau Jean-Luc , Löwenberg Bob , San Miguel Jesús 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the role of bortezomib and tipifarnib in managing hematologic malignancies.Identify the molecular targets and mechanisms of action of bortezomib and tipifarnib.Describe the toxicities seen with bortezomib and tipifarnib.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Is Molecular Profiling Ready for Use in Clinical Decision Making?
Authors: Ioannidis John P. A. 
Published: April 2007

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Discuss the current status of translational research on molecular profiling for cancer.Highlight the steps and difficulties and biases involved in moving molecular profiling from the bench to the bedside.Propose potential solutions to the challenges of clinical use of this new technology.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Second-Generation Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Sequist Lecia V. 
Published: April 2007

Learning ObjectivesAfter completing this course, the reader will be able to: Describe the magnitude of benefit achieved through the use of first-generation EGFR TKIs in NSCLC.Discuss the clinical obstacles of primary and secondary resistance to first-generation EGFR TKI agents.Describe at least two strategies employed in improving the design of second-generation EGFR TKI agents over their predecessors.CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Safe Administration of Iodine-131 Tositumomab After Repeated Infusion-Related Reactions to Rituximab
Authors: Hayslip John , Fenning Robert 
Published: April 2007

Abstract
Infusion-related reactions during administration of monoclonal antibody therapy are often mild and unlikely to recur with subsequent treatment. If patients experience another severe reaction upon reattempting treatment, future treatments with the same agent are typically not pursued. It is unclear whether different monoclonal antibodies that bind the same tumor cell or antigen are likely to induce similar infusion reactions. Here, we report the case of a patient with repeated severe infusion reactions with rituximab who subsequently safely received treatment with iodine-131 tositumomab and discuss the relevant literature.
Prognostic Factors and Risk-Based Therapy in Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Meshinchi Soheil , Arceci Robert J. 
Published: April 2007

Learning Objectives
After completing this course, the reader will be able to: Identify specific favorable and high-risk factors in pediatric AML.Discuss the rationale and indications for the use of stem cell transplantation in pediatric AML.Describe new technologies and emerging molecular prognostic markers in pediatric AML.
CME Access and take the CME test online and receive 1 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit™ at CME.TheOncologist.com
Evaluation of Two Preventive Interventions for Reducing Musculoskeletal Complaints in Operators of Video Display Terminals
Authors: Pillastrini Paolo , Mugnai Raffaele , Farneti Chiara , Bertozzi Lucia , Bonfiglioli Roberta , Curti Stefania , Mattioli Stefano , Violante Francesco Saverio 
Published: April 2007

Background and Purpose
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a preventive ergonomic intervention, which was provided by physical therapists, on spinal and upper-extremity work-related posture and symptom complaints of workers who use video display terminals (VDT).

Subjects
Two hundred employees who spent at least 20 hours per week at a VDT were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group E received the ergonomic intervention and an informative brochure, and group I received only the brochure.

Methods
Both groups were evaluated at the beginning of the study and at a follow-up 5 months later. The following tools were used: a pain drawing and the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) method to assess spinal and upper-extremity work-related posture.

Results
Group E had a lower REBA score and reduced lower back, neck, and shoulder symptoms compared with group I.

Discussion and Conclusion
The results suggest that a personalized preventive ergonomic intervention can improve spinal and upper-extremity work-related posture and musculoskeletal symptoms for workers who use VDTs.
Synthesis of Monodisperse FeAu Nanoparticles with Tunable Magnetic and Optical Properties
Authors: Chiang I‐C. , Chen D.‐H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMonodisperse FeAu nanoparticles can be synthesized via the reduction of gold acetate by 1,2‐hexadecanediol and the thermal decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl in the presence of the stabilizers oleic acid and oleylamine. The effects of composition, reaction time, and reaction temperature on their size, structure, and optical and magnetic properties are studied. It is found that the incorporation of Au into Fe nanoparticles leads to a structural change from body‐centered cubic (bcc) to face‐centered cubic (fcc). The size of the particles decreases with increasing reaction time and temperature because of atom rearrangement, and varies with the Au/Fe molar ratio as a result of the faster reduction rate of gold acetate compared with the decomposition rate of iron pentacarbonyl and the associated changes in nucleation and growth processes. The resultant FeAu nanoparticles possess the optical properties of Au nanoparticles and the magnetic properties of Fe nanoparticles. Their characteristic absorption bands, in the visible light range, become broader with decreasing Au/Fe molar ratio or increasing reaction time and temperature. Also, they are red‐shifted with decreasing the Au content and blue‐shifted with increasing reaction time. In addition, the particles are nearly superparamagnetic. With the increase in the Au/Fe molar ratio, their blocking temperature and coercivity increase while the saturation magnetization and remnant magnetization decrease. They can be self‐assembled into parallel stripes in the direction of an applied magnetic field.
Supramolecular Nanostructuring of Silver Surfaces via Self‐Assembly of [60]Fullerene and Porphyrin Modules
Authors: Bonifazi D. , Kiebele A. , Stöhr M. , Cheng F. , Jung T. , Diederich F. , Spillmann H. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractRecent achievements in our laboratory toward the “bottom‐up” fabrication of addressable multicomponent molecular entities obtained by self‐assembly of C60 and porphyrins on Ag(100) and Ag(111) surfaces are described. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies on ad‐layers constituting monomeric and triply linked porphyrin modules showed that the molecules self‐organize into ordered supramolecular assemblies, the ordering of which is controlled by the porphyrin chemical structure, the metal substrate, and the surface coverage. Specifically, the successful preparation of unprecedented two‐dimensional porphyrin‐based assemblies featuring regular pores on Ag(111) surfaces has been achieved. Subsequent co‐deposition of C60 molecules on top of the porphyrin monolayers results in selective self‐organization into ordered molecular hybrid bilayers, the organization of which is driven by both fullerene coverage and porphyrin structure. In all‐ordered fullerene–porphyrin assemblies, the C60 guests organize, unusually, into long chains and/or two‐dimensional arrays. Furthermore, sublimation of C60 on top of the porous porphyrin network reveals the selective long‐range inclusion of the fullerene guests within the hosting cavities. The observed mode of the C60 self‐assembly originates from a delicate equilibrium between substrate–molecule and molecule–molecule interactions involving charge‐transfer processes and conformational reorganizations as a consequence of the structural adaptation of the fullerene–porphyrin bilayer.
A Rapid and Efficient Method to Deposit Gold Particles onto Catalyst Supports and Its Application for CO Oxidation at Low Temperatures
Authors: Zhong Z. , Lin J. , Teh S.‐P. , Teo J. , Dautzenberg F. M. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA rapid, simple, and efficient method for the preparation of highly dispersed supported Au catalysts has been developed. In the preparation, NaBH4 is used to reduce the Au precursor, lysine is employed to cap the formed Au colloids, and a short sonication time is applied to facilitate dispersion and deposition of the Au colloids onto the catalyst support, which has been mixed with the precursor beforehand. The end‐point pH value of the solution and the isoelectric points (IEPs) of the catalyst supports have an influence on the size of the Au particles and their deposition. The optimum value for the end‐point pH is 7.5–10.0, and the IEP should be 5–10. The amino acid capping agent is easily removed at the catalyst activation stage at 200 °C, and the Au particles are thermally stable against sintering, even at 500 °C for 3 h. It is also proven that the method is applicable to the preparation of supported Pt catalysts. The catalytic activity of the prepared Au catalysts for CO oxidation in the absence/presence of H2 is comparable to that of a Au catalyst prepared by the co‐precipitation (CP) method, and to that of the standard catalyst from the World Gold Council (WGC). X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results show that only metallic Au exists in the catalysts before and after activation, and also after the catalysis reaction.
Effect of organic modifiers on dynamic and static nanomechanical properties and crystallinity of intercalated clay–polycaprolactam nanocomposites
Authors: Sikdar Debashis , Katti Dinesh , Katti Kalpana , Mohanty Bedabibhas 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPolymer clay nanocomposites (PCN) of Polyamide6 and sodium montmorillonite are prepared using different organic modifiers (12‐aminolauric acid, n‐dodecylamine, and 1,12‐diaminododecane) to study effect of organic modifiers on structure and nanomechanical properties of PCN. Using X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry, crystalline nature of PCNs are evaluated. Nanoscale viscoelastic properties of PCNs are evaluated using nanodynamic mechanical analyzer (NanoDMA). Nanoscale elastic modulus and hardness of PCNs are evaluated using nanoindenter. PCNs show enhancement in elastic modulus, storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss factor by maximum amount of 62.88%, 56.38%, 145.74%, and 71.43%, respectively, and decrease in percentage crystallinity by 16.52% compared to pure polymer. This result indicates that organic modifiers have effect on crystallinity and nanomechanical properties of PCN. To evaluate effect of clay loading on nanomechanical properties of PCN, PCN containing 12‐aminolauric acid is synthesized with different weight percent (3, 6, and 9% of weight of polymer) of organically modified montmorillonite (OMMT), which shows that nanomechanical properties of PCN improves with increase in clay loading. Our study reveals that change in crystallinity of polymer in PCN may have role in the enhancement of nanomechanical properties of PCNs in comparison to pristine polymer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
When consumption benefits precede costs: towards an understanding of ‘buy now, pay later’ transactions
Authors: Siemens Jennifer Christie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractAn experiment investigates a real‐money ‘buy now, pay later’ transaction, whereby subjects experienced a varied time‐delay between transaction benefits and costs. Individuals were more satisfied when transaction benefits and costs occurred temporally together. When a time‐delay was imposed, respondents preferred a short delay to a long delay. Transaction satisfaction was found to mediate the effect of time‐delay on behavioral intentions to complete the transaction again and perceived transaction fairness. Results suggest that a previously‐incurred transaction benefit becomes disassociated with its' transaction cost over time, causing the later transaction cost to be perceived as a greater loss at time of payment. The findings provide preliminary indication of the length of delay necessary for benefits to begin psychologically decaying. Implications for ‘buy now, pay later’ transactions and consumer satisfaction are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Genome‐scale analysis of Mannheimia succiniciproducens metabolism
Authors: Kim Tae Yong , Kim Hyun Uk , Park Jong Myoung , Song Hyohak , Kim Jin Sik , Lee Sang Yup 
Published: April 2007

AbstractMannheimia succiniciproducens MBEL55E isolated from bovine rumen is a capnophilic gram‐negative bacterium that efficiently produces succinic acid, an industrially important four carbon dicarboxylic acid. In order to design a metabolically engineered strain which is capable of producing succinic acid with high yield and productivity, it is essential to optimize the whole metabolism at the systems level. Consequently, in silico modeling and simulation of the genome‐scale metabolic network was employed for genome‐scale analysis and efficient design of metabolic engineering experiments. The genome‐scale metabolic network of M. succiniciproducens consisting of 686 reactions and 519 metabolites was constructed based on reannotation and validation experiments. With the reconstructed model, the network structure and key metabolic characteristics allowing highly efficient production of succinic acid were deciphered; these include strong PEP carboxylation, branched TCA cycle, relative weak pyruvate formation, the lack of glyoxylate shunt, and non‐PTS for glucose uptake. Constraints‐based flux analyses were then carried out under various environmental and genetic conditions to validate the genome‐scale metabolic model and to decipher the altered metabolic characteristics. Predictions based on constraints‐based flux analysis were mostly in excellent agreement with the experimental data. In silico knockout studies allowed prediction of new metabolic engineering strategies for the enhanced production of succinic acid. This genome‐scale in silico model can serve as a platform for the systematic prediction of physiological responses of M. succiniciproducens to various environmental and genetic perturbations and consequently for designing rational strategies for strain improvement. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;97: 657–671. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular engineering of epoxide hydrolase and its application to asymmetric and enantioconvergent hydrolysis
Authors: Lee Eun Yeol , Shuler Michael L. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSafety and regulatory issues favor increasing use of enantiopure compounds in pharmaceuticals. Enantiopure epoxides and diols are valuable intermediates in organic synthesis for the production of optically active pharmaceuticals. Enantiopure epoxide can be prepared using epoxide hydrolase (EH)‐catalyzed asymmetric hydrolysis of its racemate. Enantioconvergent hydrolysis of racemic epoxides by EHs possessing complementary enantioselectivity and regioselectivity can lead to the formation of enantiopure vicinal diols with high yield. EHs are cofactor‐independent and easy‐to‐use catalysts. EHs will attract much attention as commercial biocatalysts for the preparation of enantiopure epoxides and diols. In this paper, recent progress in molecular engineering of EHs is reviewed. Some examples and prospects of asymmetric and enantioconvergent hydrolysis reactions are discussed as supplements to molecular engineering to improve EH performance. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2007;98: 318–327. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Augmenting Reed–Solomon coding with retransmission for error recovery in 3G video broadcasts
Authors: Kang Kyungtae , Cho Yongwoo , Shin Heonshik 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe error‐prone nature of the radio channel is the major challenge in servicing video streams over cdma2000 broadcast networks. The MAC protocol for broadcast and multicast services (BCMCS) in cdma2000 specifies forward error correction using Reed–Solomon coding, which is effective in recovering from bursts of errors. However, its performance degrades significantly when channel conditions are bad, a frequent occurrence at the edge of the coverage area, reducing the availability of high‐speed broadcasts. We propose an error recovery scheme and a scheduling algorithm based on the use of slots saved by changing to a Reed–Solomon code with a lower parity overhead. Within the fixed transmission budget thus created, corrupted packets are retransmitted in a priority order determined by a utility function that is derived from the map of the error control block at each mobile, and which also considers the number of mobiles that did not receive each lost packet. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in improving the quality of high‐data‐rate MPEG‐4 video streams over a range of channel conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.