bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF A NOMOGRAM FOR PREDICTING 28-DAY IN-HOSPITAL MORTALITY IN SEPSIS PATIENTS BASED ON AN OPTIMIZED ACUTE PHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONIC HEALTH EVALUATION II SCORE
Authors: Yuan Yamin , Meng Yanfei , Li Yihui , Zhou Jinquan , Wang Jiaqi , Jiang Yujing , Ma Li 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The objective of this study is to establish a nomogram that correlates optimized Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) score with sepsis-related indicators, aiming to provide a robust model for early prediction of sepsis prognosis in clinical practice and serve as a valuable reference for improved diagnosis and treatment strategies. Methods: This retrospective study extracted sepsis patients meeting the inclusion criteria from the MIMIC-IV database to form the training group. An optimized APACHE II score integrated with relevant indicators was developed using a nomogram for predicting the prognosis of sepsis patients. External validation was conducted using data from the intensive care unit at Lanzhou University Second Hospital. Results: The study enrolled 1805 patients in the training cohort and 203 patients in the validation cohort. A multifactor analysis was conducted to identify factors affecting patient mortality within 28 days, resulting in the development of an optimized score by simplifying evaluation indicators from APACHE II score. The results showed that the optimized score (area under the ROC curve [AUC] = 0.715) had a higher area under receiver operating characteristic curve than Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (AUC = 0.637) but slightly lower than APACHE II score (AUC = 0.720). Significant indicators identified through multifactor analysis included platelet count, total bilirubin level, albumin level, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, mechanical ventilation use and renal replacement therapy use. These seven indicators were combined with optimized score to construct a nomogram based on these seven indicators. The nomogram demonstrated good clinical predictive value in both training cohort (AUC = 0.803) and validation cohort (AUC = 0.750). Calibration curves and decision curve analyses also confirmed its good predictive ability, surpassing the APACHE II score and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score in identifying high-risk patients. Conclusions: The nomogram was established in this study using the MIMIC-IV database and validated with external data, demonstrating its robust discriminability, calibration, and clinical practicability for predicting 28-day mortality in sepsis patients. These findings aim to provide substantial support for clinicians’ decision making.
REDUCED CX43 EXPRESSION INDUCES AUTOPHAGY THROUGH ACTIVATION OF THE AMPK-MTOR-ULK1 SIGNALING PATHWAY IN THE COMMON BILE DUCT LIGATION RAT HEART
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Liao Pingping , Dong He , Liu Aijie , Wang Qian , Yang Han , Xu Xiaolin , Chai Dongyue , Zhu Lin , Lyu Lin 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT

Backgrounds: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between Cx43 expression and autophagy mediated by the AMPK-mTOR-Ulk1 signaling pathway in jaundice heart. Methods: In this study, a jaundice model was established in common bile duct ligation (CBDL) rats. Cardiac injury was assessed using various methods including myocardial injury indicators, echocardiography, transmission electron microscopy, hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson staining, immunohistochemical analyses, and immunofluorescence staining. We investigated the regulatory relationship between Cx43, autophagy, and the AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway in vivo by administering autophagy agonists (Rapa), autophagy inhibitors (3-MA), and Cx43 inhibitors (Gap 26). In vitro, we observed the relationship between autophagy and the AMPK-mTOR-ULK1 pathway in cells by exposing them to the AMPK inhibitor Compound C and the AMPK activator AICAR. Results: We found that CBDL induced autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway, leading to the inhibition of myocardial dysfunction. Rapamycin pretreatment with CBDL3d exhibited a protective effect against myocardial injury and promoted autophagy. In contrast, 3-MA had no impact. Pretreatment with rapamycin at CBDL2w enhanced autophagy and aggravated cardiac injury; however, inhibition of autophagy using 3-MA attenuated cardiac injury. Cell viability was enhanced by AMPK inhibitors and inhibited by AMPK agonists. In addition, we observed that increased autophagy led to decreased Cx43 expression, which negatively affected cardiac function. Conclusions: CBDL induces myocardial injury in rats and activates autophagy through the AMPK-mTOR-ULK pathway, resulting in decreased Cx43 protein levels. A moderate increase in early autophagy in CBDL can improve cardiac injury, while late inhibition of autophagy can reduce myocardial injury.
Frailty Changes After Liver Transplantation. Results From a Spanish Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Puchades Lorena , Herreras Julia , Cebrià i Iranzo Maria Àngels , Reyes Érick , Crespo Gonzalo , Rodríguez-Perálvarez Manuel , Cortés Luis , Serrano Trinidad , Fernández-Yunquera Ainhoa , Montalvá Eva , Berenguer Marina 
Published: March 2024

Introduction.
Until now, there has been limited evidence, primarily from US cohorts, focusing on frailty as a patient-oriented outcome after liver transplantation (LT). Our study aimed to explore the relationship between pre- and post-LT frailty in a multicenter European cohort of outpatients with cirrhosis undergoing LT.

Methods.
We conducted a prospective analysis of data from 180 LT recipients recruited between 2018 and 2020 from 5 Spanish centers. Participants underwent objective and subjective frailty assessments using the Liver Frailty Index (LFI) and the Subjective Clinician Assessment (SCA) pretransplant and at 3- and/or 6-mo posttransplant.

Results.
The median pretransplant LFI was 3.9, showing minimal change at 3 mo (3.8; P = 0.331) and improvement at 6-mo post-LT (3.6; P = 0.001). Conversely, the SCA significantly improved early post-LT: at 3 mo, poor SCA decreased from 11% to 1%, and good SCA increased from 54% to 89% (P < 0.001), remaining stable between 3- and 6-mo post-LT. Multivariable analysis revealed that each 0.1 increase in pretransplant LFI correlated with a reduced probability of being robust at 3-mo (odds ratio [OR] = 0.75; P < 0.001) and 6-mo post-LT (OR = 0.74; P < 0.001). There was poor concordance between SCA and LFI, with SCA underestimating frailty both pre- and post-LT (Kappa < 0.20).

Conclusion.
In our European cohort, incomplete improvement of physical frailty was observed, with <20% achieving robust physical condition within 6-mo post-LT. The pretransplant LFI strongly predicted posttransplant frailty. As the SCA tends to overestimate physical function, we recommend using both subjective and objective tools for frailty assessment in LT candidates and recipients.
Neural dynamics express syntax in the time domain during natural story listening
Authors: Coopmans Cas W. , de Hoop Helen , Tezcan Filiz , Hagoort Peter , Martin Andrea E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudies of perception have long shown that the brain adds information to its sensory analysis of the physical environment. A touchstone example for humans is language use: to comprehend a physical signal like speech, the brain must add linguistic knowledge, including syntax. Yet, syntactic rules and representations are atemporal (i.e., abstract and not bound by time), so they must be translated into time-varying signals for speech comprehension and production. Here, we test three different models of the temporal spell-out of syntactic structure against brain activity of people listening to Dutch stories: an integratory bottom-up parser, a predictive top-down parser, and a mildly predictive left-corner parser. These models build exactly the same structure but differ in when syntactic information is added by the brain – this difference is captured in the (temporal distribution of the) complexity metric ‘incremental node count’. Using temporal response function models with both acoustic and information-theoretic control predictors, node counts were regressed against source-reconstructed delta-band activity acquired with magnetoencephalography. Neural dynamics in left frontal and temporal regions most strongly reflect node counts derived by the top-down method, which postulates syntax early in time, suggesting that predictive structure building is an important component of Dutch sentence comprehension. The absence of strong effects of the left-corner model further suggests that its mildly predictive strategy does not represent Dutch language comprehension well, in contrast to what has been found for English. Understanding when the brain projects its knowledge of syntax onto speech, and whether this is done in language-specific ways, will inform and constrain the development of mechanistic models of syntactic-structure building in the brain.
Reduced PaxillinB localization to cell-substrate adhesions promotes cell migration inDictyostelium
Authors: Morales Julio C. Fierro , Redfearn Chandler , Titus Margaret A. , Roh-Johnson Minna 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMany cells adhere to extracellular matrix for efficient cell migration. This adhesion is mediated by focal adhesions, a protein complex linking the extracellular matrix to the intracellular cytoskeleton. Focal adhesions have been studied extensively in mesenchymal cells, but recent research in physiological contexts and amoeboid cells suggest focal adhesion regulation differs from the mesenchymal focal adhesion paradigm. We usedDictyostelium discoideumto uncover new mechanisms of focal adhesion regulation, asDictyosteliumare amoeboid cells that form focal adhesion-like structures for migration. We show that PaxillinB, theDictyosteliumhomologue of Paxillin, localizes to dynamic focal adhesion-like structures duringDictyosteliummigration. Unexpectedly, reduced PaxillinB recruitment to these structures increasesDictyosteliumcell migration. Quantitative analysis of focal adhesion size and dynamics show that lack of PaxillinB recruitment to focal adhesions does not alter focal adhesion size, but rather increases focal adhesion turnover. These findings are in direct contrast to Paxillin function at focal adhesions during mesenchymal migration, challenging the established focal adhesion model.Short SummaryFierro Morales et al. show that the role of PaxillinB in focal adhesion-based migration differs from the canonical mesenchymal focal adhesion paradigm.
Senolytic CAR T cells reverse aging-associated defects in intestinal regeneration and fitness
Authors: Eskiocak Onur , Chowdhury Saria , Shah Vyom , Nnuji-John Emmanuella , Chung Charlie , Boyer Jacob A. , Harris Alexander S. , Habel Jill , Sadelain Michel , Beyaz Semir , Amor Corina 
Published: March 2024

SUMMARYIntestinal stem cells (ISCs) drive the rapid regeneration of the gut epithelium to maintain organismal homeostasis. Aging, however, significantly reduces intestinal regenerative capacity. While cellular senescence is a key feature of the aging process, little is known about thein vivoeffects of senescent cells on intestinal fitness. Here, we identify the accumulation of senescent cells in the aging gut and, by harnessing senolytic CAR T cells to eliminate them, we uncover their detrimental impact on epithelial integrity and overall intestinal homeostasis in natural aging, injury and colitis. Ablation of intestinal senescent cells with senolytic CAR T cellsin vivoorin vitrois sufficient to promote the regenerative potential of aged ISCs. This intervention improves epithelial integrity and mucosal immune function. Overall, these results highlight the ability of senolytic CAR T cells to rejuvenate the intestinal niche and demonstrate the potential of targeted cell therapies to promote tissue regeneration in aging organisms.
Floor Sitting Rising in Adults with and without Disability: A Scoping Review Protocol
Authors: Alomar Jehan Abdulmohsen , Li Haoyu , Fisher Keri , King Miriam , Quinn Lori 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundGetting down to the floor and rising to a standing position (Floor Sitting-Rising | FSR) is a fundamental task for independent living and participation across the lifespan. Multiple studies have reported activity limitations in FSR among adults and individuals with musculoskeletal and neurological impairments. However, few studies have investigated FSR assessments and the body structures and functions contributing to FSR performance.ObjectivesTo describe assessments that measure FSR in adulthood, including their psychometric properties, and to determine if impairments in body structures and functions contribute to limitations in FSR performance in adults with orthopedic or neurological disability.DesignGoogle Scholar, Pubmed, CINHAL (Medline), and Rehab Measures will be searched for studies that report the full FSR transition. Studies must be original research in the adult population.ResultWe will categorize studies based on aims, study type, population characteristics, and abilities. We will narratively synthesize results, discuss potential personal and environmental factors influencing FSR, and identify the gaps in the literature to inform future research directions.ConclusionThis review of FSR assessments will provide recommendations for methods to evaluate FSR and its movement strategies and consider impairments that may influence performance.
Insights into Parental Behavior: Self-Medication Patterns with antibiotics for Child Health
Authors: Kumar Shishir , Agrawal Shivani , Yasmin Tajwar , Sinha Setu 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesThe alarming trend of self-medication with antibiotics in children, exacerbated by factors such as easy access to medications and insufficient awareness of the consequences, presents a critical health concern. This study aims to understand the behavior of parents on self medicating their children with antibiotics.MethodsA cross-sectional study was done in the community under UHTC of IGIMS, Patna among 173 parents having children <12 years of age for a period of 12 months. Participants were selected through simple random sampling and were interviewed using a questionnaire developed by the authors. Data were compared using logistic regression and presented with odd ratios and confidence intervals.ResultPrevalence of self medication was 31.8% in this study. Higher prevalence was seen among mothers, parents between 30-39 years, graduates (p = 0.001), having family income 20000-40000, housewives and those who do not have Ayushman card. Mothers, parents ≥40 years, having Secondary/ Higher secondary education, not having Ayushman card and those having child’s age of 7-9 years normally stop giving antibiotics when their child start feeling better. Whereas postgraduates parents (p = 0.000) and participants having family member in medical field were seen keeping antibiotic stock at home for later use. 39.9% parents could identify antibiotics correctly. Majority of the parents wait for 1-2 days before starting antibiotic. Most common reason for self medication was minor illness followed by previous experience with similar symptoms.ConclusionLack of essential knowledge about medicines among parents is a serious matter particularly when children are concerned. Interventions targeted at improving awareness about antibiotic misuse, resistance and adverse effects amongst parents involved in self-medication need to be implemented on large scale.
Leveraging Real-World Evidence to Define Severe RSV Lower Respiratory Tract Disease in Adults
Authors: Panozzo Catherine A. , Walsh Edward E. , Yang Zhen , Wilson Eleanor , Goswami Jaya , Stoszek Sonia K. , Loback Adrianna , Ng Tony , Francis Beverly M. , Simorellis Alana K. , Huang Wenmei , Li Linwei , Vislay-Wade Rebecca , Zheng Zhe , Anderson Evan J. , August Allison , Chen Grace , Falsey Ann R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study analyzed previously published data in hospital and community cohorts of adults with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)–associated symptoms. Shortness of breath (dyspnea) alone, and in combination with certain other lower respiratory tract disease signs/symptoms, was a leading symptomatic indicator for severe RSV outcomes.
Respiratory syncytial virus vaccination strategies for older Canadian adults: a cost-utility analysis
Authors: Tuite Ashleigh R. , Simmons Alison E. , Rudd Monica , Cernat Alexandra , Gebretekle Gebremedhin B. , Yeung Man Wah , Killikelly April , Siu Winnie , Buchan Sarah A. , Brousseau Nicholas , Tunis Matthew 
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundVaccines against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) have the potential to reduce disease burden and costs in Canadians, but the cost-effectiveness of RSV vaccination programs for older adults is unknown. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of different adult age cutoffs for RSV vaccination programs, with or without a focus on people with higher disease risk due to chronic medical conditions (CMCs).MethodsWe developed a static individual-based model of medically-attended RSV disease to evaluate the cost-utility of alternate age-, medical risk-, and age-plus medical risk-based vaccination policies. The model followed a multi-age cohort of 100,000 people aged 50 years and older over a three-year period. Vaccine characteristics were based on RSV vaccines authorized in Canada as of March 2024. We calculated incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) in 2023 Canadian dollars per quality-adjust life year (QALY) from the health system and societal perspectives, discounted at 1.5%.ResultsAlthough all vaccination strategies averted medically-attended RSV disease, strategies focused on adults with CMCs were more likely to be cost-effective than age-based strategies. A program focused on vaccinating adults aged 70 years and older with one or more CMCs was optimal for a cost-effectiveness threshold of $50,000 per QALY. Results were sensitive to assumptions about vaccine price, but approaches based on medical risk remained optimal compared to age-based strategies even when vaccine prices were low. Findings were robust to a range of alternate assumptions.InterpretationBased on available data, RSV vaccination programs in some groups of older Canadians with underlying medical conditions are expected to be cost-effective.
Development and content validation of a questionnaire identifying patients’ functional priorities and abilities after hip or knee arthroplasty
Authors: Karimijashni Motahareh , Westby Marie , Ramsay Tim , Beaulé Paul E. , Poitras Stéphane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundTo develop a self-report questionnaire evaluating functional priorities after hip or knee arthroplasty and evaluate patients’ understanding of its items and conceptual relevance.MethodsA self-report questionnaire was first developed based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) core set for osteoarthritis (OA). In the second stage, two research physiotherapists thoroughly reviewed and refined the questionnaire, and another physiotherapist conducted cognitive think-aloud interviews with 18 patients to assess the face and content validity of the questionnaire.ResultsAll categories and corresponding activities of ICF core set for OA were used to develop the questionnaire. Several questionnaire issues were identified and addressed. Most challenges were related to comprehension, followed by item ordering and visual elements. Patients identified ambiguous wording which we subsequently simplified. Ten activities of the core set were excluded due to lack of face validity, two activities were added, and four activities were modified.Conclusion and implicationThe findings suggest that the ICF core set for OA needs to be adjusted for patients undergoing hip or knee arthroplasty and highlight the feasibility of applying a modified core set to assess functional priorities after hip or knee arthroplasty.
Improved diagnosis of COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis with cardiac scarring identified by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Warren Josephine , Cheng Daryl , Crawford Nigel W , Jones Bryn , Ng Rui Lun , Alafaci Annette , Stub Dion , Lew Philip , Taylor Andrew 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundMyocarditis is a rare but potentially serious complication of COVID-19 vaccination. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) imaging can identify cardiac scar, which may improve diagnostic accuracy and prognostication.ObjectivesTo define the incidence of long-term LGE post COVID-19 vaccine-associated myocarditis (C-VAM) and to establish the additive role of CMR in the diagnostic work-up.MethodsPatients with Brighton Collaboration Criteria Level 1 (definite) or Level 2 (probable) C-VAM were prospectively recruited from the Surveillance of Adverse Events Following Vaccination In the Community (SAEFVIC) database to undergo CMR at least 12 months after diagnosis. As there were limited patients with access to baseline CMR, prior CMR results were not included in the initial case definition. The presence of LGE on follow-up CMR was then integrated into the diagnostic algorithm and the reclassification rate (definite vs. probable) was calculated.ResultsSixty-seven patients with C-VAM (mean age 30 ± 13 years, 72% male) underwent CMR evaluation. Median time from vaccination to CMR was 548 (range 398-603) days. Twenty patients (30%) had persistent LGE, most frequently found in the basal inferolateral segment (n = 11). At diagnosis, nine patients (13%) were classified as definite and 58 (87%) as probable myocarditis. With integration of CMR LGE data, 16 patients (28%) were reclassified from probable to definite myocarditis.ConclusionPersistent LGE on CMR occurs in one third of patients with C-VAM. Without CMR at diagnosis, almost one third of patients are misclassified as probable rather than definite myocarditis.
A rare ORAI1 missense variant associates with risk of vascular diseases in White British adults
Authors: Shawer Heba , Cheng Chew W , Hemmings Karen E , Aldawsari Abeer M , Revilla-González Gonzalo , Stocco Fabio , Shi Jian , Beech David J , Bailey Marc A 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundPathological remodelling of native vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) within the arterial wall is a key contributor to vascular disease. A driver of this remodelling is platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB) and its signalling via activation of the calcium ion channel, ORAI1. Here, we investigated if there are associations ofORAI1polymorphisms with human cardiovascular disease.Methods and resultsWe conducted candidate gene association analysis and revealed that a missenseORAI1variant (rs3741596, S218G) associates with an increased risk of hospital-diagnosed peripheral vascular disease, generalised atherosclerosis, acute ischaemic heart disease, and atrioventricular and left bundle-branch block in White British UK Biobank participants. Rs3741596 is also associated with higher circulating platelet counts and reduced total triglyceride levels. Functional analysis of the effects of rs3741596 S218G variant on ORAI1 channel function, via introduction of the S218G ORAI1 variant in HEK293 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and investigation of its effects on SOCE, showed significantly enhanced SOCE compared to wild type cells, suggesting that the S218G variant enhances ORAI1 function.ConclusionsOur results reveal an association between anORAI1missense variant and occlusive vascular diseases. These findings provide a novel insight into the role of ORAI1 in vascular remodelling and highlight its potential as a treatment target for vascular pathologies.