bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency Management: The Development of an Integrated Approach Between Industry and Government
Authors: Bettencourt Michael de , Chai Lee Ten 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Optimally, emergency management within a society is completed at all levels by all organizations regardless of the cause and the consequences. Challenges to this idealistic model include the high cost of emergency response, the limitations of training in an industrial related incident, differing levels of expectations across governments, companies, and cultures, and the jurisdictional confusions in a society where legal authorities may be broad and generic.
Integrated emergency response is the full integration of all response resources, training programs, and exercises. This is particularly important when the disaster may no longer be a result of an act of nature, but is man-made. In the instance of a petrochemical emergency, local responders outside of the originating facility may not have the ability to operate safely within the affected area. Well meaning, but uninformed responders, may become additional casualties.
In developing an emergency management program, a three pronged comprehensive system must be used. It must encompass: Common terminology across disciplines using a commond incident command systemIntegration of preparedness, prevention, readiness and response programsProvisions for continuous improvement
An integrated approach to emergency response addresses all response resources including the properly equipped local community and regional fire, police, medical, and relief agencies that are capable and willing to provide response resources. Also necessary in an integrated program is a comprehensive response management system that ensures each agency and organization is capable of communicating on a common system using the same terminology, language, and processes.
Additionally, an integrated response organization will operate with one set of goals and objectives under a unified system of command. This requires a tremendous amount of trust between the agencies and organizations, and a tremendous amount of skill to operate cohesively and efficiently.
The paper discusses a process for developing an integrated emergency management program that is being currently used in several parts of the world. The presenters discuss the issues and challenges in developing a cohesive and integrated emergency management system. This system is revising age-old practices and setting standards of integration for contingency planning, training, and exercise management. The goals of these programs are to assure that all emergencies are handled expeditiously and efficiently with minimal threat to the local population and maximum benefit of the local response agencies in an integrated response organization.
Introducing a Risk Based Dynamic Oil Spill Response Regime for the Norwegian Continental Shelf. Response from Operators, Authorities and other Stakeholders
Authors: Brekne Tharald M. , Skeie Geir Morten 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
By July 1st, 2001, the Norwegian Clean Seas Association for Operating Companies (NOFO) completed a three-year R & D programme for development of a dynamic, risk based oil spill response regime for the entire Norwegian continental shelf, including coastal areas and the shoreline.
The results from this programme are made available for operators, authorities, other stakeholders and the general public through the NOFO web site http://www.nofo.no. This web includes operational plans, documentation of methodology and analyses, as well as intuitive interfaces to databases, oil spill sensitivity maps and GIS tools.
Significant effort has been made to train the personnel included in the oil spill response organisation. In this process, industry, authorities and local community personnel have been involved.
The content of the web serves as reference and documentation for authority audits of fields and installations.
An important area of use is for cost effective analysis and evaluation of oil spill response requirements for new developments and exploration drilling, as basis for consent applications.
Comments and suggestions from audits and consent applications have been actively collected and organised through the first six months of operation of this new regime.
Additionally, the response from industry users, stakeholders and the general public to this form of open and transparent information sharing has been invited and reviewed.
This paper presents our experiences from these processes, along with our objectives for further development.
A Practical Approach to SH&E Risk Assessments Within Exploration & Production Operations
Authors: McCulloch Brian R. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Risk Management is a common element within industry SH&E Management Systems. Expectations for conducting risk assessments are often defined within these management systems, however, the process required for completing risk assessments is often misunderstood by operations personnel assigned with this responsibility. Decisions on the appropriate level of risk assessment (e.g., qualitative, semi-quantitative, quantitative) to use, as well as the appropriate level of risk to evaluate, can be problematic. Additionally, communicating identified risk issues and their relative risk priority to senior management unfamiliar with risk terminology can be a challenge.
This paper describes a process used by Texaco Exploration and Production to effectively evaluate the SH&E risks associated with its operations. Risk categories included those associated with people, assets, environment, and reputation. Since the organization was in the midst of a company merger, transitional risk (i.e., reduction in emphasis on SH&E) was also evaluated. The process included the development of an SH&E risk checklist and risk matrix (probability vs. consequence) and the assessment of risk via interviews throughout all levels of the business unit organization. Field visits by multi-functional teams were also conducted to ensure a thorough understanding of the risks identified as a result of the employee interviews.
Application of this practical, integrated SH&E risk assessment process has a positive impact on the business units. The results of the assessment focus on risks with higher probability and consequence (more than regulatory compliance issues), as well as a means to set SH&E strategies and objectives to reduce risk. Full integration of business unit representatives throughout the process gains a common understanding of the risks as well as a commitment for further mitigation action.
A Medical Emergency Response System for North Sea Operations
Authors: Sande Audun 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This presentation describes Statoil's system for medical emergency preparedness in the Norwegian sector of the North Sea, and the improvements made with regard to emergency response.
Statoil currently operates 15 offshore oil and gas producing platforms and 10 – 15 drilling rigs – with a total population of approximately 1800 at any time.
Each installation has a medical staff of one or two nurses depending on the number of employees on board. An onshore doctor is on 24 hrs. call to give advice on treatment, see evacuated patient, and to be flown to the installation if required.
Each installation or field has a dedicated physician who is professionally responsible for the qualifications of the nurses, the quality of the procedures and availability of equipment and medicines.
The number of injuries requiring medical treatment has been significantly reduced since the end of the nineteen seventies. In the same period the occurrence of cardio-vascular diseases has increased with the average age of the employees on our offshore installations.
In the course of the last years, there has been a strong development as regards treatment of acute medical diseases in general, and of cardio-vascular diseases in particular. This includes diagnosis and intensive care in the acute stage as well as technical equipment and medication. One of the consequences has been an increased demand for competence and retraining of our medical staff.
In addition patients, their next of kind, authorities, media and the society in general expect our medical emergency response level to be as high as it is onshore.
This presentation describes how Statoil seeks to ensure optimal treatment of the patients on board, fast and efficient reporting to obtain medical assistance and transportation, and will include: –Qualifications and training of involved personnel (doctors and nurses)–Standardization and harmonization of procedures (standing orders)–Standardization of equipment–Requisitioning of helicopter transportation
Salted cuttings stabilization
Authors: Morillon-Jeanmaire Anne , Marcillat Yannick , Thomas Fabien , Filippov Lev 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The saline geological formations often display facies that are very prospective for oil. When drilling such formations, management of salted cuttings generated in areas where disposal at sea is prohibited is a real challenge. A strong impact on the terrestrial environment can be expected from salt, either on the aquifers or on the soils. An adequate stabilisation process that is well controlled is therefore necessary.
The paper presents an innovative approach to the complex problem of the stabilisation of salted cuttings. Several options have been investigated during a two years study to come up with a process that is efficient, reliable and easy to implement.
Leaching tests and salt content determination of the leachates were carried out, to screen the efficiency of the different processes investigated. –The "molecular option", consisted in attempting to make salt crystals hydrophobic by tying amines onto them.–The "macroscopic option", consisted in evaluating the efficiency of the addition of ferric chloride, to generate an insoluble precipitate around each cutting grain.–The "mechanical option", investigated the effect of adding either pure cement or cement with phosphate in order to trap the salt crystals in a solid matrix. The purpose of adding phosphate is to generate an insoluble phase by reaction with the Calcium cations of the cement.
The last option is based on a compacting process followed by a cement coating. Whereas the first three options produced mixed results, in particular with regard to stability with time, the last one led to very encouraging results. This process is currently being optimised and will lead to an industrial scale test, based on 500 kg drill cuttings, in January 2002.
The implementation of this technique could constitute a major breakthrough in the drilling industry both onshore and offshore.
Mapping and Monitoring the Technical Safety Level
Authors: Thomassen Odd , Sørum Morten 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Measuring the "true" safety performance of the oil & gas industry has been a challenge for the industry for many years. Indicators such as "Total recordable injury frequency", "Lost time frequency" and similar parameters have been used, and are generally only reflecting minor incidents and injuries, but the causes of minor and major incidents may not necessarily be the same. Other indicators may be better to give a picture of the safety level for major hazards.
A clear picture of the condition of our plants and installations, methods and indicators that can monitor the safety level are all vital elements to maintain a lowest possible risk for major hazards.
This paper describes a review method to map and monitor the technical safety level on our offshore platforms and land based facilities based on the status of safety critical elements, safety barriers, and their intended function in major accident prevention. The method is based on a review technique using defined performance requirements in accordance with ISO 13702 (ref. /1/) and ISO 61508 (ref. /2/), and based upon the function and role of the safety critical elements.
In a plant or facility the condition of safety barriers are measured against "best practices" as well as against minimum requirements, and thereby possible improvements are identified. A set of examination activities is defined and used to check each performance requirement, including document reviews, interviews, visual inspection and field tests. Such verification activities are to be repeated at regular intervals to ensure that the technical safety barriers remain intact.
Between reviews major trends in risk level will be monitored through a set of key performance indicators. Deviations in these and significant trends will be flagged to allow for necessary intervention prior to safety barriers are weakened.
Practical Aspects of Managing HSE in a Remote Oilfield Operation
Authors: Ryan M. G. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
ChevronTexaco operates the Barrow and Thevenard Island oilfields situated off the NW coast of Western Australia. Chevron Australia assumed operatorship of the Barrow and Thevenard Island oilfields in February 2000, prior to this Chevron had provided management and technical support to West Australian Petroleum (WAPET), the previous operator. In October 2001 Chevron and Texaco merged to form ChevronTexaco.
The aim of this paper is to provide a practical lookback on the issues that have affected the way a safety management program is managed and implemented in a remote operating environment. The paper primarily focuses on a number of issues, which have affected overall safety performance, these include: Technology and engineering;Management systemsBehaviours
The challenges that have faced ChevronTexaco in the management of safety in the Barrow Island and Thevenard Island operations have not been unlike that of other operators in similar remote situations. The Barrow Island oilfield was the first commercial oilfield in Western Australia and also one of the earliest onshore oilfield developments in Australia. As such when the field was being developed in 1964 oilfield technology, management systems and safety culture were all issues which either were in an immature state of development or did not exist at all. In addition to this the remoteness of
Barrow Island to the wider oilfield community together with the absence of peers in a similar operating environment presented both a challenge and an opportunity in the development of a safety culture.
Over the past 10 years the organization has experienced a number of changes all of which have had an impact on safety management and overall safety performance. This paper addresses the issues that have had an impact on the overall management of safety in a remote operation and to characterize which aspects of the systems that were put into place which resulted in the most impact in improving overall safety performance. The paper also focuses on the latest issues that the organisation is addressing with respect to the development of a sound safety culture. In particular the issues of visible leadership and personal accountability are discussed in the context of a HSE management system framework.
Improving the Safety Performance of Large Scale Onshore Pipeline Projects
Authors: Barber S , Allison P , Allinson J , Morgan B 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
BP is currently at the front end engineering (FEED) stage of the Main Export Pipeline (MEP) project, which includes a 1760 km 46-inch diameter oil pipeline between Baku, Azerbaijan on the Caspian Sea and Ceyhan, Turkey, on the Mediterranean Sea, passing through Georgia.
BP's stated business goal is "no accidents, no harm to individuals, no damage to the environment". Industry-wide experience has shown, however, that this goal is extremely difficult to achieve on pipeline projects of this scale. MEP management committed to making a step-change in safety performance for this project. They identified the need, at the conceptual design stage, to determine the key safety drivers to ensure that the maximum safety benefit could be derived.
Genesis Oil and Gas Consultants was commissioned to work with BP on this study which involved extensive interaction with the industry including interviews and a specially convened workshop.
The study found clear recent historical evidence that the risk of serious accidents from major onshore pipeline projects is unacceptably high. The two major causes of fatality and serious injury on pipeline construction projects are: Moving Vehicle and Transportation risksGeneral Construction Site risks such as struck by moving objects, electrocution, falls etc.
Within these categories, some further interesting conclusions can be drawn from the research: Construction workers are twice as likely to be killed in a motor-vehicle accident as the average workerInjury prevention efforts have had limited effect on motor-vehicle related deathsThe occupation most likely to be killed is the supervisor or foreman. Research has shown that many accidents have occurred when the foremen have seen unsafe acts but failed to intervene, and that they do not follow safety procedures themselvesPeople are most frequently killed when they are on foot walking or running near machinery on construction sitesThose operating machinery are frequently killed; putting their own lives and others at riskProject pace and constant changes in work environment and employer/workforce relationships are particular problems for the construction industry.
This paper discusses the study findings further and also describes the way in which the findings have been implemented on both the MEP and another major pipeline project - the Shah Deniz gas pipeline.
Drilling and Waste Management
Authors: Morillon Anne , Vidalie Jean-François , Hamzah Udi Syahnudi , Suripno S. , Hadinoto Eddy K. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Oil and Gas Companies are increasingly confronted with problems related to the disposal of drilling waste. To be in compliance with regulatory constraints, and also to respect the concept of environmental responsibility, Oil and Gas companies need to set up a comprehensive environmental management system. The following paper presents the TotalFinaElf approach for the management of wastes produced by drilling activities.
This approach implemented in all affiliates and particularly by the Indonesian affiliate, includes a management plan establishing appropriate procedures, environmental awareness, training of personnel, and a whole set of technical measures: –Installation of the site: all equipment must be designed so that any effluent is caught and avoid it to be discharged directly in the environment.–Protection of surface and ground water: protection through an accurate knowledge of the local geology and hydro-geology validated by survey undertaken during the environmental baseline study.–Choice of drilling fluids: recommendation about the use of Water Base mud or Low Toxicity Oil Base mud.–Management of chemicals: an effective management system of authorised chemicals is set up with a storage system, safety data files and a good stock management system.–Reduction of waste volumes at source: water consumption, optimised recycling of mud, reduction of cuttings volumes.–Treatment of drill cuttings: set up of a cuttings management plan, inerting (stabilisation, solidification, encapsulation), incineration, controlled landfill, thermal desorption, cuttings re-injection, biological treatment.
This paper aims at demonstrating that there is no unique solution for managing the drilling wastes.
Our Company with the collaboration of its Indonesian affiliate gives constant and careful consideration to all treatment processes and, through various research projects, has a wide range of possibilities associated with the flexibility required to find the right answers to the questions raised by the "drilling waste" issue.
The Hearts and Minds Program: Understanding HSE Culture
Authors: Hudson Patrick T. W. , Parker Dianne , van der Graaf Gerard C. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
The Hearts and Minds program is intended to move the basis for HSE performance past the mechanical implementation of HSE Management Systems. This paper describes an evolutionary approach to HSE culture and reports on a brochure that enables organisations and individuals to understand the HSE culture and their personal behaviours in the context of the culture. The paper gives examples of characterisations of organisational and personal behaviours and discusses how improvement can be generated and maintained in organisations.
Rap Project: An Innovative Approach to the Risk Assessment of Pipeline
Authors: Mazzucchelli Luca , Pizzorni Domenico , Comini Andrea , Scanarotti Nadia 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
Environmental risk management has become a main issue in general and in particular where certain materials such as chemicals, oils, gases and other hazardous waste are involved. This includes the pipeline industry where the transfer of materials such as oils and gases are concerned. The pipeline accident risk is a key point in the environmental communication of the pipeline company, because it represents a social and competitive issue. The idea is to find a statistical correlation between accident and the boundary conditions recorded in sites where the accident took place. Once having found these correlations, the boundary condition data are collected for the whole pipeline system: it will be classified as far as is concerned the risk of accident with a statistical model. The pipeline route is divided into sections of 50 meters length. Each pipeline section will be classified by a statistical model as: Risk-of-accident,No-risk-of-accident,
without using any subjective scoring methodology. The model is trained using an accident history: the statistical tool for the model estimation is the discriminant analysis.
Having obtained the risk rating reliably and objectivly, the adoption of effective preventive measures by pipeline managers, proactive policy of risk management, is supported through a cost benefit analysis.
Data and algorithms, are gathered in a GIS application (ArcView® 3.2), integrated with an MSAccess97® database and SPSS® applications, as far as is concerned the statistical analysis (see www.safepipeline.com)
Why Do We Report Occupational Illnesses?
Authors: de Valk R. H. W. 
Published: December 2007

Abstract
This paper discusses our experience with establishing a system of reporting: how we define occupational illnesseswhy we collect occupational illness datatraining of Medical and Line staff to recognise occupational illnessesproblems with strength of datapresentation of information to managementTotal Reportable Occupational Illness Frequency (TROIF) as an indicatorconfidentiality of datadifficulties with obtaining data from contractor companiesoccupational illnesses within the HSE Management Systemexamples of reported diseases and follow- upimprovements which can be madethe role of the Occupational Physician
The conclusion is that occupational illness reporting is an efficient tool in the management of occupational health risks.