bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Retinal Photoreceptor Fine Structure in the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos)
Authors: Braekevelt Charlie R. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe morphology of the light‐adapted retinal photoreceptors of the American crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) has been investigated by light and electron microscopy. They consist of rods, single cones and double (unequal) cones present in a ratio of about 4:3:3 respectively. The rods are stout cells with a long inner segment and an outer segment that reaches to the RPE cell body. In the light‐adapted state, the pigment‐laden apical processes of the RPE cells surround cell photoreceptor types for most of their length. The rod inner segment displays an ellipsoid of mitochondria, a large hyperboloid of glycogen, much RER, numerous polysomes, Golgi zones and autophagic vacuoles. Single cones show a slightly tapered outer segment, a large and usually heterogeneous oil droplet and an ellipsoid of mitochondria at the apex of the inner segment. Double cones consist of a longer, stouter chief member which displays a more homogeneous oil droplet and a prominent paraboloid of glycogen and a slightly shorter and thinner accessory member with no oil droplet or paraboloid. Both members of the double cone as well as the single cones show a prominent ellipsoid and plentiful polysomes, RER and Golgi zones in the inner segment. Along the length of the contiguous membranes of the two members of the double cone are presumed interreceptor junctions. All cone photoreceptors are relatively small in diameter and hence are tightly packed. Judging by their morphology in the light‐adapted state neither rods nor cones are felt to undergo photomechanical movements in this species. Rods and cones (both types) display both invaginated (ribbon) synapses as well as numerous flat (conventional) synaptic sites.
Histomorphometrische und histologische Untersuchungen zur morphokinetischen Wirkung von Furazolidon auf die Spermiogenese geschlechtsreifer Ratten
Authors: Ludewig TH. , Gutte G. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe antispermatongenic effects of furazolidone on the testes of mature Wistar rats were investigated using histological and morphometric methods. The sections showed a varying degree of depopulation of the germinal epithelium, a shrinking and a deformation of the Tubuli contorti, and an enlargement of the intertubular lymphatic sinuses. The strain led to a standstill in the spermatogenesis at the primary‐spermatocyte stage. After administering furazolidone, the following results could be seen:– a weightloss of up to 42.1% and a decrease in testes volume by up to 30.2%– a decrease in the volume of the nuclei of the Leydig‐cells by up to 51.6%– a reduction in the diameter, perimeter and area covered by Tubuli seminiferi contorti of up to 33.5%, 30.8%, and 53.4%, respectively– an increase in the number of Tubuli seminiferi contorti per mm2 by up to 44.8%– a decrease in the percentage of Tubuli seminiferi contorti of the total testes tissue by up to 39.1%
Zum Wachstum des Extremitätenskeletts bei Enten
Authors: Gille U. , Salomon F.‐V. 
Published: June 2007

ZusammenfassungDas Längenwachstum von Humerus (H), Ulna (U), Femur (F), Tibiotarsus (TT) und Tarsometatarsus (TMT) von Stock‐, Peking‐ und Moschusenten sowie einer Kreuzung aus letzteren wurde zwischen Schlupf und 154. d analysiert. Die Altersklassenmittelwerte wurden durch die modifizierte Janoschek‐Funktion approximiert. H und U weisen zum Schlupf die geringsten absoluten und prozentualen (auf den jeweiligen Adultwert bezogen) Längen auf. Innerhalb der Gliedmaßen finden sich weitestgehend identische Wachstumsmuster, wobei F, TT und TMT die höchsten Schlupfreifegrade, deutlich frühere Zuwachsmaxima und ein schnelleres Abwachsen zeigen. Bei den adulten Tieren ergibt sich die Längenrelation H >TT > U > F > TMT, bei den Pekinglinien ist jedoch eine Verlängerung des TT zu verzeichnen, so daß dieser vor dem H rangiert. Diese ontogenetischen Proportionsverschiebungen führen zu Überschneidungen der absoluten Wachstumskurven, während bei den prozentualen nur die des F die des TT überkreuzt. Evolutive, domestikative und ökologische Gesichtspunkte dieser Beziehungen werden diskutiert.
Histological Changes in the Uterus during Postpartum in the Mare
Authors: Gomez‐Cuetara C. , Flores J. M. , Sanchez J. , Rodriguez A. , Sanchez M. A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn histological study of the postpartum period in 29 mares was carried out. Uterine biopsies were taken daily during the first 10 days postpartum in a total of 87 samples. At day 0, equine endometrium was characterized in the surface by the presence of regularly ordered microcaruncles; the stratum spongiosum was oedematous and contained distended and scarce glands. Degenerative changes in microcaruncles and endometrial glands were present on day 1 postpartum. The epithelium of the microcaruncles from 2 to 5 days postpartum showed cytoplasmic vacuolization, karyorrhexis and an inflammatory reaction with neutrophils and phagocitic cells. On day 7 postpartum, the histology of the endometrium was similar to the normal proestrus with cuboidal luminal epithelium and an oedematous stromal tissue. The changes are usually completed within days 9 and 10 postpartum with the histologically typical appearance of estrus in mares.
Swine Hearts: Quantitative Anatomy of the Right Ventricle
Authors: Alvarez L. , Rodríquez J. E. , Saucedo R. , Aránega A. , Melguizo C. , Prados J. , Aránega A. E. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe right ventricle was studied in 75 anatomically normal swine hearts, using, in all, nine geometric and volumetric parameters: ventricular‐wall thickness, length of the right‐ventricular inflow and outflow tracts, and volume of the right‐ventricular inflow and outflow tracts. The data for these parameters were compared with previously published patterns for human hearts and volumetric data were compared with patterns of normality found in human hearts. As in the human heart, the ventricular inflow tract in swine hearts was significantly shorter than the outflow tract (P < 0.0001).
Topographie des Noeuds Lymphatiques de ľAulacode Mâle (Thryonomys Swinderianus, Temminck 1827)
Authors: Alogninouwa T. , Agba K. C. , Gambo S. , Kpodekon M. 
Published: June 2007

RésuméĽaulacode compte 75 à 85 noeuds lymphatiques (N.L.) répartis en 22 groupes dont 6 inconstants. Les groupes ganglionnaires sont peu nombreux comme chez la plupart des Rongeurs. Le nombre de N.L. par groupe est variable ďun sujet àľautre, généralement entre 1 et 5.Ces N.L. de ľaulacode sont souvent dissimulés dans un noyau adipeux inter‐musculaire ou de couverture; la plupart sont en position superficielle ou en tous cas peu profonde. Ils sont de coloration gris rosé relativement pâle; leur forme varie de la sphère àľellipse et leur taille de 4 à 8 mm de long sur 3 à 4 mm de large. La topographie et les territoires de drainage comportent de nombreuses particularités: certains N.L., relativement constants chez la plupart des rongeurs, sont absents ou inconstants chez ľaulacode alors qu'on y décrit des N.L. spécifiques tel que le N.L. huméral.
Entwicklung und Zelldifferenzierung des Nucleus nervi hypoglossi beim Rind
Authors: Ruhrig S. , Kötter B. , Hummel G. , Goller H. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBased upon light‐ and electron‐microscope examinations, the ontogenetic development of the nucleus of cranial nerve XII is documented. At 1‐cm crown‐rump length (CRL), the caudal pole of the nucleus nervi hypoglossi forms a uniform cell column with the cornu ventrale of the spinal cord. During this period, its caudal area shows signs of cellular degeneration. From 3.5 cm CRL onward, all nuclear groups can be identified. At 53 cm CRL, they correspond to the pattern as described in the adult brain. Electron‐optically, at 2.5 cm and 3.6 cm CRL, the nucleus of cranial nerve XII exhibits a close relationship to the matrix layer which consists of elements of dark nuclei. The hypoglossus nucleus is composed of dark and light cell types. It is the latter type that represents the presumptive neuron; it shows an increased ultrastructural differentiation from 2.5 cm CRL onward.
In vivo Tetracycline Labelling as a Measure of Rearing‐system Influence on Chicken‐bone Dynamics
Authors: Vitorovic D. , Nikolic Z. , Cvetkovic D. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe objective of this study was to estimate the internal dynamics of leg (tibia) and wing (humerus) bones in light and heavy types of chicken, reared in cages and on the floor. The ratio of floor‐to‐cage area was 3:1. All chicks were fed a standard broiler mixture (0‐4 weeks with 0.9% Ca and 0.7% P; 4–7 weeks with 0.8% Ca and 0.5% P). Each bird was given two intraperitoneal injections of 30 mg/kg of oxy‐tetracycline at 2‐day intervals.The results showed no significant differences between floor‐and cage‐reared birds in tibial‐osteon appositional rates. However, there was a significant rearing‐system effect on humerus internal dynamics. Seven‐week‐old light chicks, reared on the floor, had humeri with a higher appositional rate than those reared in the cages.
Ultrastructure of the Liver of Reindeer Calves under Different Nutritional Conditions
Authors: Soveri T. , Sukura A. , Nieminen M. , Lindberg L.‐A. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryA total of 12 reindeer calves were divided into two groups and the volume densities of liver cytoplasmic structures were counted using TEM. The six animals in group 1 were allowed to graze freely while those in group 2 were kept in pens and fed with lichens. All of them had a negative energy balance and lost weight from November to April, group 1 by 14.9% and group 2 by 24.8%. In spite of the weight losses, no significant changes in volume densities occurred during the winter. Glycogen remained fairly steady and there was no fatty infiltration into the hepatocytes. The very low incidence of Golgi apparatus in the hepatocytes may have been due to the inhibition of protein and lipid synthesis during the winter. These results point to substantial adaptation to extreme environmental conditions. The animals in group 1 apparently moved about more, which may have caused a greater breakdown of glycogen, resulting in turn in a lower volume density of glycogen in January and March.
Aspectos Cronologicos en la Maduracion Nuclear de Oocitos Bovinos Cultivados in vitro
Authors: Lorenzo P. , Illera M. J. , Illera J. C. , Illera M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this study, the chronological changes in the meiotic progress of in vitro maturation of bovine oocytes was analysed. Oocytes (n = 1044) were obtained from a local abbatoir and were classified into two groups according to the presence or absence of cumulus cells. They were incubated in microdrops (5 per drop) in TCM‐199 (control), TCM‐199 + 10% fetal calf serum (treatment 2) and TCM‐199 + 10% estrous cow serum (treatment 3). Oocytes were fixed and stained at the end of 0, 6, 12, 18, 24 and 30h of the beginning of in vitro culture, were evaluated according to the nuclear stage of maturation. These results demonstrated that the immature oocytes at the time of collection (0 h) were in the germinal vesicle stage (GV), and that the highest maturation rate was at 24 h of culture in all treatments. Serum treatments enhanced the maturation rates obtained (52.1 and 55.7%) compared to control (serum‐free) medium (42.7%; P<0.05) in cumulus‐cell‐enclosed oocytes. In denuded oocytes, the maturation rates were lower compared to cumulus‐cells‐enclosed oocytes in all treatments. In conclusion, meiotic progression of bovine oocytes can be influenced by the inclusion of sera in the maturation media and by the presence of the cumulus cells.
Renal Venous Architectonics in Domestic Swine
Authors: Vodenicharov A. , Gulubova M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe methods used were: preparation, corrosion and X‐ray examination.It was established that, in 75% of the cases, v. renalis cranialis and v. renalis caudalis were present. In the rest of the cases (25%), v. renalis intermedia was present.It was also observed that right and left renal veins formed distentions, which enveloped the caudal medial part of each adrenal gland. V. adrenalis (suprarenalis) was not formed as an independent blood vessel. Venous blood from the adrenal gland drains through 2‐3 orifices in these distentions.This study describes vv. prelobares, vv. interlobares and w. arcuatae. Anastomoses were found between them. On that basis this concluded that the renal venous system in domestic swine is not segmented.
Ultrastructural Study of the Early Development of the Sheep Embryo
Authors: Ferrer F. , Garcia C. , Villar J. , Arias M. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryAn ultrastructural study of the different stages of pre‐implantation in sheep was carried out, analysing the changes brought about mainly in the morula and blastocyst stages.The analysis of the embryos obtained showed a series of common characteristics in all stages, most noticeable being the presence of a high number of vesicles distributed in a uniform way in the cytoplasm, and also the presence of numerous electron‐dense mitochondria in many varied forms.The most important ultrastructural modifications took place at the 16‐cell stage and affected, principally, the nucleus, which presented numerous condensations of chromatin distributed along the nucleoplasm. The nucleoli adopted a reticular morphology, abandoning the compact aspects presented in the previous stage. These changes might be involved in the synthesis of embryonic RNA, and, accordingly, in the activation of the genome of this species. These data indicate that this stage is critical to the embryonic development and might be related to the blockage produced in the development of cultivated sheep embryos at the point of transition from 8 to 16 cells. Nevertheless, it should be pointed out that the first signs of modifications in the aspect of the nucleus are observed at the four‐cell stage, being characterized by the appearance of vacuolated areas in the nucleolus, indicating the first signs of embryonic nucleic activity, which would anticipate the main change in the control of the protein synthesis.
InducciÓn Experimental á Malformaciones por Instilacion de Etanol en Huevos Embrionados de Polio (Gallus gallus)
Authors: Illanes J. , Blanquez M. J. , Gonzalez M. E. , Rojo C. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe teratogenic effect of alcohol on chick embryos has been confirmed by many investigators. However, how this occurs is unknown.The aim of this study was to establish a teratogenic pattern of alcohol effects, on the first stages of development in avians.Fertilized eggs were infused through the air space of the shell on day 0, with ethanol in concentrations of 20%, 40% and 60%. The control group was infused with 0.1 ml of NaCl at 0.9%. At a second stage, the eggs were treated on the 4th day of incubation, using the same method. In both groups the eggs were removed on the 11th day of incubation.The teratological manifestations that appeared more frequently were evisceration, haemorrhagic embryos, oedema, cranial deformities, lack of eyes, and umbilical hernia, showing every embryo a clear reduction in size and body weight.
Morphological Investigations of the Glandulae Profundae Plicae Semilunares Conjuctivae in the Domestic Swine (Sus scrofa domesticus) and the Wild Hog (Sus scrofa ferus)
Authors: Hraste A. , Kantura V. Gjurčević , Jakovac M. , Brestovec V. Jukić 
Published: June 2007

SummarySamples of glandulae profundae plicae semilunares (Harderian glands) from five domestic swine and five wild hogs were used for this research. The gland samples were fixed in Bouin solution and mounted in paraffin. The paraffin slices were stained with haematoxylin and eosin, according to the periodic‐acid‐Schiff (PAS) method, with alcian blue (pH 2.5), with toluidine blue (pH 4.0), and applying a combination of staining with alcian blue (pH 2.5) and the PAS method. In domestic swine and wild hogs, these glands are tubular‐alveolar with wide glandular lumina. A great deal of acid mucopolysaccharides and PAS‐positive substances were noted within swines’ glandular cells, while, in wild hogs, PAS‐positive substances were not frequent, acid mucopolysaccharides being noted in only a few glandular‐acini cells. The appearance of the metachromatic phenomenon was not noted either in domestic swine or in wild hogs. In domestic swine, the level of acid mucopolysaccharides is probably due either to the housing method or to the influence of the alkaline substances that may appear on an eye's mucous conjunctive membrane during intensive breeding, such that the Harderian glands protect the mucous membrane by extracting acid mucopolysaccharides.
Microscopical and Ultrastructural Studies of the Renal Artery in Domestic Swine
Authors: Vodenicharov A. , Cirnuchanov P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryBoth renal arteries from six, 8‐month old, Camborow hybrid pigs were examined in histological, semithin and ultrathin sections.It was established that the membrana elastica interna showed an expressed degree of wrinkliness. In certain sections, sometimes occupying 20% of the diameter of a cross‐section, its curves were considerably higher and wider than those in the remaining part. The inner elastic membrane in these sections was cleaved in two layers. Estates of lengthways‐situated smooth muscle cells of an elliptical form were located in the middle shell (tunica media). Furthermore, a great quantity of mast cells were found in the middle shell. The electron‐microscopic observations showed that their granules had various sizes and shapes. The outer shell (tunica adventitia) had an irregular thickness. In some parts, a few elastic fibres entered the middle shell. They had a tuft‐like shape with a wedge‐like or elongated configuration, and were situated among the layers of smooth‐muscle cells.
Quantitative Histomorphology of Liver Growth in Sheep at Prenatal and Postnatal Stages
Authors: Liman N. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThis study was carried to determine quantitative histomorphologically on the development of the liver of sheep in prenatal and postnatal stages, and to prove the relationship between functional and structural differentiation of liver. There were more blood cells than hepatocytes, and haemotopoieisis was the primary function of the liver in the first half of gestation. As observed in the fetal stages bile ducts and Kiernan areas are formed from the 12th week. The distance between the two adjacent central veins was 401.2 ∓ 20.8 micron in the fetuses and 629.77 ∓ 34.7 micron in the lambs, while rising in the adult to 740 + 14.35 micron. This increase was directly proportional to age. The average diameter of sheep hepatocyte and nuclei, and the ratio between the diameters of nuclei and their hepatic cells were compared according to the prenatal and postnatal stages, and the difference between these stages was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). This difference was sourced from adult sheep. The number of hepatocytes per unit area were 107.48 ∓ 6.63, 133.6 ∓ 7.01, 100.84 ∓ 6.63 in the fetus, lamb and adult liver of sheep, respectively, and the differentia that earned statistical importance was sourced from the young stages. The number of ductus biliferi was 2.75 ∓ 0.47 in the fetuses, however, this had risen to 5.8 ∓ 0.6 and 6.8 ∓ 0.37 respectively in the lambs and adult sheep. The portai lobule areas rose according to the age and were 0.17796 ∓ 0.00086 mm2 and 2.022650 ∓ 0.0097 mm2 respectively in the lambs and adult sheep and the differentia between young and adult sheep was statistically important (P < 0.05).
Anatomy and Cholinergic Innervation of the Sinus paranalis in Dogs
Authors: Salazar I. , Fdez de Troconiz P. , Prieto M. D. , Cifuentes J. M. , Quinteiro P. S. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryConventional methods have been used to study the general configuration of the wall of the Sinus paranalis in dogs. Apocrine tubular glands, elastic fibres and smooth‐muscle fibres are the more significant elements of the wall, together with the epithelium and connective tissue. By means of the immunohistochemical method described in this paper, the results provide histochemical evidence for the presence of an AChE‐positive reaction, and supposedly cholinergic nerve fibres in the wall of the dog anal sacs, mainly associated with subepithelial smooth muscle, vessels, and glands.
Über die Rippengelenke XI, XII, XIII der Hauskatze (Felis catus)
Authors: Roos H. , Knospe C. , Vollmerhaus B. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryOn the costal articulations XI, XII, XIII of the domestic cat (Felis catus)The costal articulations XI, XII, XIII of the cat are simple, synovial joints. This dot‐shaped suspension of the last ribs from the spinal column and the existence of a costo‐vertebral ligament are coordinated functionally.
Osteogenesis of the Fetal Bovine Skull
Authors: Soana S. , Bertoni G. , Gnudi G. , Botti P. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe research was carried out in order to study the osteogenesis of skull bones in bovine fetuses. A total of 24 fetuses were considered. The age of specimens ranged from 52 to 212 days. After silver‐nitrate impregnation of the skulls, the specimens were examined radiologically using latero‐lateral, latero‐medial, and dorso‐ventral projections.
Die Differenzierung der Oberflächenzellinie im Labmagen adulter Rinder * The Differentiation of the Surface Mucous‐cell Line in the Abomasum of the Adult Cow
Authors: Kressin M. , Sommer U. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryThe differentiation of the surface mucous‐cell lineage during physiological cell renewal was investigated using light and electron microscopy in the abomasal mucosa of adult cattle. The surface mucous cells constitute a morphologically and functionally heterogeneous population, whose members correspond to different developmental stages, arranged in a distoproximal gradient from the depth of the pit towards the free luminal surface. The cell lineage comprises immature pre‐pit cells near the proliferative isthmus, mature pit cells within the foveola, and older interfoveolar cells lining the free surface. Ultrastructurally, differentiation can be traced towards a predominantly mucus‐producing cell type and finally towards a surface‐protective cell variant, which degenerates in situ and is extruded into the lumen without affecting epithelial integrity.
Demonstration of Congenital Anomalies in the Joints of the Forelimbs and Hindlimbs Caused by Several Pharmacological Agents
Authors: Erdoǧan D. , Kadioǧlu D. , Peker T. 
Published: June 2007

SummaryIn this study, fetal joint abnormalities caused by cytosine arabinoside, caffeine, sodium salicylate, and retinyl acetate administration during pregnancy, were investigated.In the cytosine‐arabinoside‐administered group, complete disappearance of joint spaces in the forelimbs, and narrowing or complete disappearance of joint spaces in the hindlimbs was highly noticeable.In the caffeine group, in all forelimb joints starting from art. humeri, there were abnormal fusions in bones, together with occasional disappearance of the joint space. In hindlimbs, similar findings were observed.In the sodium salicylate group, the complete disappearance of joint space and surfaces among humerus‐radius and ulna was striking, and occasional fusions in tarsometatarsal joints were also present.Severe narrowing of the same joint space in the retinyl acetate group was striking. Total disappearance of the articulatio manus and carpometacarpal joints was observed, together with hindlimb joint and bone findings.