bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Schwingfestigkeit von Schraube‐Mutter‐Verbindungen
Authors: Alt A. , Mertens H. , Arz U. , Blessing L. , Berger C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractIm vorliegenden Beitrag werden Erkenntnisse aus umfangreichen Versuchen zur Überlagerung von Zug‐ und Biegebeanspruchungen, des torsionsbehafteten sowie überelastischen Vorspannens und der Charge auf die Schwingfestigkeit von Schraube‐Mutter‐Verbindungen zusammengefasst, die in der VDI Richtlinie 2230 bislang nicht enthalten sind. Zur Durchführung der Schwingversuche wurden völlig neuartige Resonanzprüfvorrichtungen entwickelt, die einen kostengünstigeren Betrieb als die bislang eingesetzten Hochfrequenz‐ und Hydropulser ermöglichen und die sich für Nenndurchmesser bis M100 und Prüffrequenzen bis 1000 Hz eignen. Der Geltungsbereich der Dauerfestigkeit nach VDI 2230 wird aufgrund der Ergebnisse spezifiziert. Der festgestellte überraschend hohe Chargeneinfluss gibt Anlass, den Fertigungsprozess von Schrauben zur Begrenzung dieses Einflusses zu präzisieren.
Lebensdauerabschätzung an Kunststoffrohren mittels Zeitstand‐Innendruckversuch
Authors: Berger C. , Bockenheimer A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDie Lebensdauervorhersage an Kunststoffrohren basiert nach dem aktuellen Stand des technischen Regelwerkes hauptsächlich auf dem Zeitstand‐Innendruckversuch. In diesem Versuch werden die Rohre bei definiertem Innendruck und erhöhten Temperaturen akzeleriert geprüft, und aufgrund des geltenden Arrheniusgesetzes erfolgt daraufhin eine Lebensdauerextrapolation der Messwerte.
Methoden zur Bewertung rissartiger Fehler betriebsbeanspruchter Kraftwerksbauteile im Langzeitbereich
Authors: Ewald J. , Müller F. , Mao T. , Scholz A. , Machalowska‐Tracz M. , Klenk A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractZur Auslegung und Überwachung langzeitig eingesetzter Hochtemperaturbauteile des Kraftwerkbaus werden Unterlagen über das Werkstoffverhalten an rissartigen Fehlern und konstruktiv nicht vermeidbaren Kerben benötigt. An solchen Stellen können Kriech‐ und/oder Kriechermüdungsrisse durch statische und/oder zyklische Hochtemperaturbeanspruchung eingeleitet werden und anschließend wachsen. Risseinleitung und Rissfortschritt bedürfen einer experimentell abgesicherten, quantitativen Beschreibung.In den letzten 25 Jahren wurden dazu für eine große Anzahl von Hochtemperaturwerkstoffen entsprechende Langzeitdaten an Bruchmechanikproben ermittelt und anhand unterschiedlicher Konzepte die Übertragbarkeit auf das Rissverhalten in Hochtemperaturbauteilen erarbeitet und abgesichert. Als wichtige Konzepte seien hier das Zwei‐Kriterien‐Diagramm zur Bewertung der Kriechrisseinleitung und der Parameter C* zur Bewertung des Kriechrissfortschritts genannt.Damit die Daten und Konzepte benutzerfreundlich zur Verfügung gestellt werden können, wurden diese in das Programmsystem „HT‐RISS”︁ zusammengeführt. Mit dem erarbeiteten Programmsystem lassen sich Berechnungen zum Hochtemperaturrissverhalten durchführen, die eine wesentliche Sicherheitsgrundlage für Auslegung, Betrieb und Überwachung von Hochtemperaturbauteilen darstellen.
Vibration sensitivity of human muscle spindles and golgi tendon organs
Authors: Fallon James B. , Macefield Vaughan G. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe responses of the various muscle receptors to vibration are more complicated than a naïve categorization into stretch (muscle spindle primary ending), length (muscle spindle secondary endings), and tension (Golgi tendon organs) receptors. To emphasize the similarity of responses to small length changes, we recorded from 58 individual muscle afferents subserving receptors in the ankle or toe dorsiflexors of awake human subjects (32 primary endings, 20 secondary endings, and six Golgi tendon organs). Transverse sinusoidal vibration was applied to the distal tendon of the receptor‐bearing muscle, while subjects either remained completely relaxed or maintained a weak isometric contraction of the appropriate muscle. In relaxed muscle, few units responded in a 1:1 manner to vibration, and there was no evidence of a preferred frequency of activation. In active muscle the response profiles of all three receptor types overlapped, with no significant difference in threshold between receptor types. These results emphasize that when intramuscular tension increases during a voluntary contraction, Golgi tendon organs and muscle spindle secondary endings, not just muscle spindle primary endings, can effectively encode small imposed length changes. Muscle Nerve, 2007
A critical review of forms of corporate community involvement: from philanthropy to partnerships
Authors: Seitanidi Maria May , Ryan Annmarie 
Published: April 2007

Abstract

The paper offers a critical review of the forms of corporate community involvement (CCI) including: corporate philanthropy, benefaction, patronage, sponsorship and cause related marketing (CRM) and partnership. It discusses the differences/similarities and compares the limitations of the transactional forms of interaction with the latest form of partnership.

The paper suggests that the form of partnership represents a shift towards a non‐linear business model of CCI, that is moving away from an outcome towards a process orientation. Three factors are identified conditioning the successful implementation and sustainability of partnerships which are linked with the previous limitations of transactional approaches of interaction. Finally, the paper puts forward three propositions in order for partnerships to: (1) contribute to the increase of institutional trust among organisations and across sectors; (2) assist in balancing the dynamics across the sectors and (3) appreciate the process of interaction as a source of benefits.

Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global gene expression profiling of PAX‐FKHR fusion‐positive alveolar and PAX‐FKHR fusion‐negative embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas
Authors: Laé M , Ahn EH , Mercado GE , Chuai S , Edgar M , Pawel BR , Olshen A , Barr FG , Ladanyi M 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPaediatric rhabdomyosarcomas (RMS) are classified into two major subtypes based on histological appearance, embryonal (ERMS) and alveolar (ARMS), but this clinically critical distinction is often difficult on morphological grounds alone. ARMS, the more aggressive subtype, is associated in most cases with unique recurrent translocations fusing the PAX3 or PAX7 transcription factor genes to FKHR. In contrast, ERMS lacks unique genetic alterations. To identify novel diagnostic markers and potential therapeutic targets, we analysed the global gene expression profiles of these two RMS subtypes in 23 ARMS (16 PAX3‐FKHR, 7 PAX7‐FKHR) and 15 ERMS (all PAX‐FKHR‐negative) using Affymetrix HG‐U133A oligonucleotide arrays. A statistically stringent supervised comparison of the ARMS and ERMS expression profiles revealed 121 genes that were significantly differentially expressed, of which 112 were higher in ARMS, including genes of interest as potential diagnostic markers or therapeutic targets, such as CNR1, PIPOX (sarcosine oxidase), and TFAPβ. Interestingly, many known or putative downstream targets of PAX3‐FKHR were highly overexpressed in ARMS relative to ERMS, including CNR1, DCX, ABAT, ASS, JAKMIP2, DKFZp762M127, and NRCAM. We validated the highly differential expression of five genes, including CNR1, DKFZp762M127, DCX, PIPOX, and FOXF1 in ARMS relative to ERMS by quantitative RT‐PCR on an independent set of samples. Finally, we developed a ten‐gene microarray‐based predictor that distinguished ARMS from ERMS with approximately 95% accuracy both in our data by cross‐validation and in an independent validation using a published dataset of 26 samples. The gene expression signature of ARMS provides a source of potential diagnostic markers, therapeutic targets, and PAX‐FKHR downstream genes, and can be used to reliably distinguish these sarcomas from ERMS. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of potential receptor tyrosine kinase targets in intimal and mural sarcomas
Authors: Tamborini E , Casieri P , Miselli F , Orsenigo M , Negri T , Piacenza C , Stacchiotti S , Gronchi A , Pastorino U , Pierotti MA , Pilotti S 
Published: April 2007

AbstractPrimary sarcomas of the great vessels are very rare neoplasms and only a few cases have been reported. They are divided into the two broad categories of intimal or luminal and mural sarcomas. We analysed eight advanced high‐grade sarcomas originating from major vessels (seven intimal and one mural sarcoma) by means of immunohistochemistry and FISH analysis for PDGFRA, PDGFRB, EGFR and KIT receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), together with immunoprecipitation/western blotting, sequencing of the corresponding genes, and the search for cognate ligands. The intimal sarcomas showed a wide spectrum of morphologies and immunophenotypes, whereas the mural sarcoma had common leiomyosarcomatous features. Regardless of their category, all of the cases had a PDGFRA‐deregulated cytogenetic profile mainly consisting of an amplification cluster; five were also polysomic for PDGFRB, whereas three showed disomy. Six cases had a deregulated EGFR gene, and c‐Kit gene status was similar to that of PDGFRA. In one case, biochemical analysis revealed the presence of activated and highly expressed PDGFRA, PDGFRB and EGFR, whereas KIT was expressed at reference level. Sequencing of the corresponding genes revealed no activating mutations in any of the analysed receptors. The cognate ligands were detected in all cases. In predictive terms, the evidence of gene amplification/high polysomy of several RTKs, together with PDGFRA, PDGFRB and EGFR expression and phosphorylation, suggests that these tumours may be sensitive to RTK‐inhibiting treatments. Copyright © 2007 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An experimental study of uniaxial fatigue behavior of an epoxy resin by a new noncontact real‐time strain measurement and control system
Authors: Tao Gang , Xia Zihui 
Published: April 2007

AbstractUniaxial fatigue behavior of an epoxy resin was investigated with a recently established non‐contact real‐time strain measurement and control system. A relation of strain amplitude vs. fatigue life for fully‐reversed strain‐range‐controlled uniaxial fatigue tests was obtained. Quantitative analyses of evolutions of various mechanical properties (including stress range, elastic modulus, nonlinear stress‐strain relation, dissipated strain energy density, etc.) during entire fatigue life period were carried out based on recorded stress‐strain data. From the evolution of the stress‐strain hysteresis loops, a gradual degradation of modulus and a decrease of nonlinear effect in stress‐strain response were observed. It was also found that these two phenomena were independent of the loading control mode (stress‐control or strain‐range‐control) and the mean stress/strain values in the cyclic loading. Fractographic analysis was also performed and the mechanism of crack initiation and propagation of the epoxy material under cyclic loading was investigated. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:780–788, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Embossing of high‐aspect‐ratio‐microstructures using sacrificial templates and fast surface heating
Authors: Lu Chunmeng , Cheng Mark Ming‐Cheng , Benatar Avraham , Lee L. James 
Published: April 2007

AbstractA new embossing method based on sacrificial templates and fast surface heating was developed, in which the de‐embossing step was avoided to prevent deformation or damage of polymer microstructures. The microstructures of interest have a high feature density, high aspect ratio, and/or undercuts. Soft lithography was used to prepare a water‐soluble mold, using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in the hot embossing process. Arrays of microchannels and microgrids with an aspect ratio greater than five were replicated on poly(DL‐lactide‐co‐glycolide) (PLGA). In conjunction with localized surface heating of the polymer surface by a laser/IR system, this technique was able to micromold high temperature polymers such as poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with high aspect ratios. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:830–840, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Theoretical and experimental analysis of the die drool phenomenon for metallocene LLDPE
Authors: Chaloupková Kateřina , Zatloukal Martin 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe die drool phenomenon, occurring as a result of the viscoelastic behavior of polymer melts during the flow, was experimentally investigated for metallocene‐based LLDPE on a specially designed annular extrusion die with the capability to control the stress state at the end of the die by the help of a specific type of cooling system. With the aim of understanding the die drool phenomenon in more detail, the flow at the end of the die was analyzed theoretically by the finite element method employing a modified White–Metzner model as the constitutive equation. It has been revealed that negative pressure occurs at the die lip area, which seems to be an important factor driving the onset of the die drool phenomenon. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:871–881, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Twin‐screw extrusion of polypropylene‐clay nanocomposites: Influence of masterbatch processing, screw rotation mode, and sequence
Authors: Treece Mark A. , Zhang Wei , Moffitt Ronald D. , Oberhauser James P. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThis work seeks to optimize the twin‐screw compounding of polymer‐clay nanocomposites (PCNs). Proportional amounts (3:1) of maleic anhydride functionalized polypropylene compatibilizer (PP‐g‐MA) and organically modified montmorillonite clay at clay loadings of 1, 3, and 5 wt% were melt‐blended with a polypropylene (PP) homopolymer using a Leistritz Micro 27 twin‐screw extruder. Three melt‐blending approaches were pursued: (1) a masterbatch of PP‐g‐MA and organoclay were blended in one pass followed by dilution with the PP resin in a second pass; (2) all three components were processed in a single pass; and (3) uncompatibilized PP and organoclay were processed twice. Both corotation and counterrotation operation were utilized to investigate the effect of screw rotation mode and sequence on organoclay exfoliation and dispersion. X‐ray diffraction was employed to characterize basal spacing; however, since rheology is known to be highly sensitive to mesoscale organoclay structure, it is an ideal tool to examine the relationship between the various processing methods and exfoliation and dispersion. A holistic analysis of rheological data demonstrates the efficacy of the masterbatch approach, particularly when compatibilizer and organoclay are blended in counterrotating mode followed by dilution with matrix polymer in corotating mode. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:898–911, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of compatibilized and dynamically vulcanized polyoxymethylene/ethylene propylene diene terpolymer blends
Authors: Uthaman R. Nalini , Pandurangan A. , Majeed S.S.M. Abdul 
Published: April 2007

AbstractDynamically vulcanized blends of polyoxymethylene (POM) and ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) with and without compatibilizer were prepared by melt mixing in a twin screw extruder. Maleic anhydride (MAH) grafted EPDM (EPDM‐g‐MAH) has been used as a compatibilizer. Dicumyl peroxide was used for vulcanizing the elastomer phase in the blends. Mechanical, dynamical mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of the blend systems have been investigated as a function of blend composition and compatibilizer content. The impact strength of both dynamically vulcanized blends and compatibilized/dynamically vulcanized blends increases with increase in elastomer content with decrease in tensile strength. Dynamic mechanical analysis shows decrease in tanδvalues as the elastomer and compatibilizer content increased. Thermograms obtained from differential scanning calorimetric studies reveal that compatibilized blends have lowerTmvalues compared to dynamically vulcanized blends, which confirms strong interaction between the plastic and elastomer phase. Scanning electron microscopic observations on impact fractured surface indicate reduction in particle size of elastomer phase and its high level of dispersion in the POM matrix. In the case of compatibilized blends high degree of interaction between the component polymers has been observed. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 47:934–942, 2007. © 2007 Society of Plastics Engineers
Assessing the effect of visual isolation on the population density of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) using GIS
Authors: Dolinsek Ivan J. , Biron Pascale M. , Grant James W. A. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractFew studies investigate the behavioural response of organisms to stream enhancement schemes. One behavioural process that is rarely examined in enhancement studies is the visual isolation created by adding boulders on the river bed. The objective of this research is to use a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) viewshed analysis to determine if the increase in density of Atlantic salmon observed in boulder‐added zones is related to visual isolation or, alternatively, the presence of a velocity refuge. Eight study sites were established on Catamaran Brook and Little Southwest Miramichi River (New Brunswick, Canada). Each reach was divided into three quadrats of 3 m × 2 m. In one of the quadrats, 36 boulders (D50 = 0.20 m) were added to increase visual isolation. Boulders were removed from another adjacent quadrat whereas a third quadrat was left in a natural state. A detailed Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was created for all the sites with a total station. Atlantic salmon were observed by snorkelling on several occasions during two summers. Their position was recorded with the total station and the snout and average velocity was measured. A GIS viewshed analysis was performed to determine the visible area for each fish and to verify whether the surrounding fish were visible or not. Results suggest that the primary mechanism responsible for the observed increase in Atlantic salmon population density in the experimental quadrats is a reduction in the field of view of individuals, through an increase in habitat heterogeneity, which is consistent with the visual isolation hypothesis. There was also no change in the snout velocity of salmon among the three treatments, suggesting that the increase in density is not consistent with the velocity‐refuge hypothesis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Salmonid observations at a Klamath River thermal refuge under various hydrological and meteorological conditions
Authors: Sutton Ronald J. , Deas Michael L. , Tanaka Stacy K. , Soto Toz , Corum R. Alex 
Published: April 2007

AbstractThe Beaver Creek confluence with the main‐stem Klamath River was studied to assess salmonid use in a thermal mixing zone under various summer hydrological and meteorological conditions. Main‐stem flow releases from Iron Gate Dam ranged from 17 cms (615 cfs) to 37 cms (1320 cfs) during the study period and main‐stem water temperatures ranged from 19.5 to 26°C. A grid was constructed to define the thermal refuge as a system of cells. Temperatures were monitored using remote temperature loggers and fish counts were conducted using daytime snorkelling. Most juvenile salmonids were observed moving into the refuge when main‐stem temperatures exceeded 22–23°C. Salmonids in the thermal refuge did not necessarily seek the coolest water, but were generally located in habitats commensurate with species‐specific behavioural needs within their thermal tolerance range. Such ranges largely occurred within refuge areas. Variable meteorological conditions confounded observable biological thermal benefit to fish resulting from higher or lower main‐stem flows. Thermal regime dynamics indicated that under the hydrological and meteorological conditions observed, higher flows from Iron Gate Dam showed some ability to change the structure of the refuge area. It appeared that without the thermal refuge, main‐stem flows alone could not sustain the salmonid population because high water temperatures usually exceeded their published thermal tolerance limits. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cationisation of oligomeric alkylethoxylate surfactants in ToF‐SIMS analysis
Authors: Perkins M. C. , Briggs D. , Rutten F. J. M. , Roberts C. J. , Davies M. C. 
Published: April 2007

AbstractVariable cationisation of the alkylethoxylate surfactant Synperonic A7™ has been observed during a ToF‐SIMS study of its interaction with a leaf surface, either by itself or as a component in a simple herbicide formulation. Depending on the conditions, cationisation predominantly by K+, Na+ and H+ was found. By deliberate surfactant solution doping with alkali bromides, the cationisation channel could be manipulated. Comparison of the apparent molecular weight dependence, derived from the ToF‐SIMS spectra, with that measured by HPLC‐MS, showed a further dependence on the cationising species, with Na+ giving the best match. An understanding of these effects is critical to the correct interpretation of the spectra from this surfactant. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Seil‐ und Membrankonstruktionen – Kinematik als Gemeinsamkeit
Authors: Wagner Rosemarie 
Published: April 2007

AbstractSeile und Membranen als unbeschichtete oder beschichtete Gewebe und Folien werden nur zugbeansprucht, können nicht ausknicken, sind biegeweich und führen mit hochfesten Werkstoffen zu leichten Konstruktionen. Die Besonderheiten von Seilen und Membranen sind ihre große Kinematik, die durch den Seilaufbau und die Webtextur von Bauteilen besteht, durch die in den Tragwerken große Verformungen unter Last auftreten. Tragwerke mit zugbeanspruchten Bauteilen können als vorgespannte Konstruktion Lasten abtragen, obwohl sie im Aufbau kinematisch sind. Der Umgang mit Bauteilen und Tragwerken, denen eine Kinematik zugrunde liegt, deren Ursache dehnungslose Verformungen oder Starrkörperverschiebungen sind, ist in der Bautechnik ungewöhnlich und erfordert im Vergleich zu üblichen Konstruktionen ein anderes Verständnis im Umgang mit zugbeanspruchten Bauteilen und deren Tragwerke. Die Kinematik lässt sich in den Werkstoffen, in den Bauteilen und in den Tragwerken finden und ist in den Ursachen und Auswirkungen zu verstehen, um dauerhafte Tragwerke zu gewährleisten.
Talbrücke Elben – Eine Stahlverbundbrücke mit einteiligem Querschnitt
Authors: Hilgendorff Klaus‐Dieter , Neumann Winfried , Reitz Dieter , Schmitz Christoph 
Published: April 2007

AbstractNördlich von Siegen wurde in den letzten Jahren ein weiterer Abschnitt der Autobahn A 4 und der B 54n, Hüttentalstraße (HTS), fertiggestellt. Im Rahmen der Baumaßnahme wurde im Zuge der A 4 die Talbrücke Elben als 432 m lange Stahlverbundbrücke mit einem einteiligen Querschnitt errichtet. Da in den letzten Jahren etwa 10 solcher Bauwerke entstanden sind und weitere Brücken mit diesem Querschnitt geplant sind, soll in diesem Aufsatz über die bisherigen Erfahrungen im Allgemeinen und über die Talbrücke Elben im Speziellen berichtet werden. Darüber hinaus erfolgt ein Ausblick auf den weiteren möglichen Anwendungsbereich dieses Brückensystems.