bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Estimating aircraft altitude profile using natural spline function
Authors: Shirakawa Masayuki 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTo evaluate the performance of Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS), it is necessary to use the real aircraft profiles as encounter scenarios. For this purpose, smoothing interpolation of radar data is attempted. First, the mean square error is obtained as the measure of optimization. Then, as an example of this method, cubic natural spline function of Schoenberg is tried and optimum parameter is obtained.
Compression method using LZW coding and a sliding window
Authors: Ogihara Takeshi , Iida Hajimu , Inoue Katsuro , Torii Koji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a new compression method which uses a sliding window with an Lempel‐Ziv‐Welch (LZW) dictionary. When an LZW phrase is constructed, the location of the phrase on the window is also recorded in the dictionary. Using this information, there are cases where we can find that a new LZW phrase is already included in the sliding window. If the current input matches the string on the window longer than the LZW phrase constructed, the length of the string is encoded instead of the phrase itself. For most kinds of inputs, the compression performance of this method is better than the original LZW method and is equal or superior to various improved LZW methods. In addition, compared with that of the LZW method, the execution time of this method increases only about 25 percent.
Resolution conversion method with arbitrary rational values for transform‐coded images
Authors: Muramatsu Shogo , Kiya Hitoshi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe decimation and interpolation (contraction and expansion) processings of the image based on the orthogonal transform are simple and useful in the communication and storage of the digital image data. Consequently, their application to the resolution conversion of the image is expected. The conversion factor in this type of resolution conversion can be seas an arbitrary rational number if the size of the matrices in the forward and backward transforms can be set arbitrarily.On the other hand, the size of the transform matrix in the encoding is specified by the international standard and other specifications and it is not possible to set the conversion factor arbitrarily on the decoding side. When the transform matrix has the size of N, for example, the conversion factor is restricted to be the integer multiple of 1/N.From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes a method that can realize a resolution conversion with an arbitrary conversion factor even if the transform matrix size in the encoding is already specified. The basic principle of the proposed method is to combine the conventional method and the decimation processing and can be characterized as a more general method than the conventional method.By a discussion based on the filter bank and multi‐rate system, the effective configuration for the proposed method is shown. It is shown also as a result that the conversion with an arbitrary rational factor can be executed with nearly the same computational complexity as in the conventional method. A simulation is executed using DCT and LOT and the effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated while indicating the problems in DCT.
Decimation ratio in subband adaptive identification of a time‐varying AR model
Authors: Shimizu Jun'Ya , Miyanaga Yoshikazu , Tochinai Koji 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents some conditions to determine decimation ratio in subband adaptive identification of a time‐varying system. It has been reported in some experiments that a large decimation ratio is not suitable for subband identification of a time‐varying system. However, theoretical conditions for a maximally decimated ratio in a time‐varying system have not to date been reported.A short‐time invariant model is the starting point for this research. The relation between a forgetting factor used in the recursive weighted least‐squares (RWLS) algorithm and a time variation of the time‐varying system are derived. Then, new forgetting factors are derived for the multirate processing case. Using a convergence property provided by these forgetting factors, theoretical conditions are obtained having parameters estimated from decimated signals that are as accurate as those from all observed signals. The propriety of these conditions is demonstrated using simulations.
Speaker‐independent spontaneous speech dialog system TOSBURG II using multimodal response and speech response cancellation
Authors: Takebayashi Yoichi , Kanazawa Hiroshi , Nagata Yoshifumi , Seto Shigenobu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the speaker‐independent spontaneous speech dialog system TOSBURG II, where the user can input the speech interrupting the speech response from the system. In the speech dialog system TOSBURG, which was previously constructed experimentally, spontaneous utterance dialog was realized by a continuous speech understanding based on the key word and the multimodal response. TOSBURG II aims at dialog that is more flexible and interactive. The speech response component superposed on the input speech signal is cancelled by the active control technique, making it possible for the user to interrupt and input during the system speech response.To improve the precision of speech recognition, noise immunity learning, which is useful in detecting the keyword in the noise, is extended so that it can also be applied to the speech input after the speech response cancellation, where the residual component still remains. To evaluate the effectiveness of speech response cancellation and noise immunity learning, an experiment is executed by superposing the speech data (obtained by the utterance of 350 sentences containing 49 key words by five adult males) on the system speech response. The key word detection rate, false alarm rate, and sentence recognition rate are improved from 58.8 percent, 24.1 FA/H/W (false alarms/hour/word), 27.8 percent, to 89.6 percent, 15.4 FA/H/W, 58.4 percent, respectively. A dialog experiment is also conducted using the constructed realtime system, and the usefulness of the proposed system is verified.
Design of two‐dimensional FIR filter using hybrid domain approximation
Authors: Zhu Jiemei , Hamada Nozomu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a zero‐phase, two‐dimensional (2‐D) FIR filter design using a hybrid domain where a spatial variable and frequency variable are mixed. For a desired amplitude response given in 2‐D frequency plane, the approximation method of 1‐D FIR filter design is applied in two steps and the desired response is approximated.First, the approximation coefficients in the hybrid domain are obtained by min‐max approximation for one of the frequency variables. Then filter coefficients are obtained by the frequency sampling method or inconsistent Čhebyshev approximation method for another of the variables. Moreover, the error distribution of the designed 2‐D filter is evaluated; and, when the magnitude of the error is uneven in the frequency domain, then the method of redesigning is proposed to obtain good approximation.Since this method decomposes the calculation of the 2‐D filter into the 1‐D case, its design is very simple. Moreover, this method has the advantage of free setting the magnitude of error in the passband and stopband of filter.
Edge‐preserving smoothing using the fuzzy control technique
Authors: Takashima Hironori , Taguchi Akira , Murata Yutaka 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhen a random noise is superposed on a signal with an abrupt change (i.e., edge), as in the case of the image signal, there is a large overlap of the frequency component between the abrupt changes (edge) of the signal and the noise. Then it is impossible to realize both the noise elimination and the edge preservation sufficiently by the conventional linear filter, such as the mean filter. Thus, a nonlinear technique is required in order to eliminate the noise and preserve details of the original signal where the coefficient of the smoothing filter is determined according to the properties of the data in the window. There can be more than one observed value in the filter window that can be used to specify the properties of the data.It is difficult, however, to represent precisely the properties of the image signal using a single observed value. In addition, the observed values contain ambiguities since they are calculated from the local image data with superposed noise. In other words, it is required to determine the filter coefficients based on multiple obseved values containing ambiguities. For such a problem, the fuzzy control rule, which is utilized effectively in control problems, can be applied to calculate the control variable (i.e., filter coefficient) adequately by the nonlinear technique from the multiple observed values containing ambiguities.In this paper, the nonlinear filtering technique based on the fuzzy control rule is presented and the usefulness of the filter in the noise elimination from the image signal is demonstrated.
Block parallel architecture of separable denominator two‐dimensional state‐space digital filters based on the reduced‐dimensional decomposition
Authors: Iwata Yasushi , Kawamata Masayuki , Higuchi Tatsuo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper proposes a highly parallel algorithm of separable denominator two‐dimensional (2‐D) state‐space digital filters, called a block parallel algorithm. to derive the block parallel algorithm, the processing image is divided into several blocks and all dependency constraints in a divided block are eliminated. In the block parallel algorithm, the number of multiply‐and‐accumulate operations required to process one image is proportional to 1/L for the block length L. We also study the architecture of the block processor which implements our proposed algorithm. As a result, one 250‐K gates VLSI chip to implement one block processor with the block length L = 8 must be designed. the multiprocessor system comprising 66 proposed VLSI chips can propose 2048 × 2048 pixels image at the rate of 60 frames/s.
Structural ordering analysis for interval rating data
Authors: Matsui Tatsunori , Takeya Makoto 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe questionnaire test using the rating scale data is applied effectively, since it features relatively high reliability and the simple processing. the semantic structure analysis (SS analysis) is proposed as the method of structural analysis for the rating scale data. In the SS analysis, the order of the items is considered, and the human behavior or the psychological aspects are interpreted from the ordering structure of the items. In the conventional questionnaire test using the rating scale data, the evaluation is possible in many cases even if the data are composed of a discrete single point. Depending on the questionnaire items, however, it may happen that the evaluator is not convinced of a discrete single point.From such a viewpoint, this paper proposes a structural analysis considering the ordering among items which is not a discrete point evaluation to evaluate by a single discrete point, but is an interval evaluation to evaluate by an interval on the rating scale. For this purpose, the difference between the ratings of two items is quantified anew based on the interval rating data. the inversely ordered rating ratio and the ordering coefficient are defined as the indices for the ordering.It is shown that the method proposed in this paper is an extension of the SS analysis. Furthemore, as the structural analysis, the ordering structure graph is constructed for the set of items. A method of constructing the ordering structure graph is presented, and the application process is shown through an actual example.
Proposal and evaluation of the sweeping display of speech spectrum for a tactile vocoder used by the profoundly hearing impaired
Authors: Wada Chikamune , Ino Shuichi , Ifukube Tohru 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper presents a study for improving the sensory substitution system using the fingertip tactile sensation as an auxiliary means of lipereading and talking with hands for the severely hearing impaired, for whom the hearing aid or the cochlear implant was not effective. First, the problems of the previously developed 16‐channel tactile vocoderwith avibrator array are described. It is pointed out that the backward masking of the tactile sensation is one of the factors that made consonants difficult to recognize. Then, as a solution to the problem, a new stimulus presentation method is proposed where the speech spectrum is swept on the finger surface.The optimal sweeping velocity is determined from the viewpoint of the two‐point threshold so that the backward masking is minimized. Based on those investigations, an 8 × 4 vibrator matrix is constructed which can sweep the speech spectrum. A recognition experiment is attempted for monosyllabic speech. It is seen as a result that the identification of a consonant that is easily affected by the backward masking, especially plosive are improved. Thus, it is suggested that the sweeping of the spectral pattern is effective as an auxiliary means of speech recognition, even for the profoundly hearing impaired.
Filter optimization for pulse timing detector
Authors: Inoue Tadaaki , Iritani Tadamitsu , Kinouchi Yohsuke 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn the pulse transmission system such as pulseposition modulation (PPM), where the linear filter for pulse‐timing detection is optimized and the construction of the detector is considered, one of the essential problems is the timing error contained in the timing information extracted from the received pulse.Several papers have been reported on the linear filters which are claimed to be useful in correcting the error, but the extent of improvement has not been analyzed clearly. This paper compares those filters from the viewpoint of the mean‐square timing error and indicates the effectiveness of the filters on the relative basis. In addition, a new suboptimal filter is proposed and compared. Methods for filter optimization and timing detector construction are presented and compared from various viewpoints, such as the easiness of realization.The calculation of the timing error produced by the filter is calculated easily using the result shown in this paper, where the expression is normalized by the pulsewidth. It is shown that the proposed suboptimal filter gives an excellent performance compared to the filters proposed in the past. Assuming the pulse transmission using the optical fiber, the calculation is shown based on the white and f2 additive noise as well as the Gaussian signal pulse.
Implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies: Swedish FMS experiences
Authors: Hörte Sven Åke , Lindberg Per 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSweden has a relatively advanced manufacturing base. The density of advanced manufacturing technologies is among the highest in the world. The labor force is relatively well educated, but the labor supply is a problem, partly due to the perceived low status of industrial work. This calls for extraordinary efforts in the design of manufacturing systems and work organizations. This article reports results from 27 flexible manufacturing system installations in Sweden. The technical and organizational features and system performances are described, and the implementation of the systems is given special attention. The systems are generally characterized by ordinary technology configurations, but by a relatively low degree of division of labor and a high degree of decentralization.
Impact of flexible production philosophy and advanced manufacturing technology on organizations and jobs
Authors: Seppäiä Pentti , Tuominen Eva , Koskinen Paavo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe impact of the introduction of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and the new flexible production philosophy on the organization of work, job contents, work demands, and employees' well‐being was studied in nine Finnish engineering companies. The AMT included in the study consisted of FMS, CNC machining centers, and robotized machining cells. The data were collected by interviews, job analyses, and questionnaires. The results support the view that AMT does not inevitably result in impoverishment of job contents and deskilling. The main trend in the firms studied is to create production systems based on a flexible and multiskilled workforce.
Configurations: Crystallizing contingency
Authors: Fleck James 
Published: July 2007

AbstractConfigurations comprise assemblies of technological and nontechnological components, including human factors, built up to meet local contingencies. Examples are drawn from robotics, production systems, CAPM, and IT applications. A possible metric is outlined. Unlike generic systems, configurations do not evidence particular dynamics of development. They may represent an early stage of an overall life‐cycle, with a generic mature phase. The participation of users at various levels, familiar with local contingencies, is necessary to build configurations. User knowledge, job design, and human factors are not adjuncts, but essential inputs to the innovation process, helping to crystallize contingencies into novel artifacts.
Organizational politics, advanced engineering systems, and human factors
Authors: McLoughlin Ian 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn order to be effective, human factors interventions must have a better understanding of technology and the processes within organizations which shape both technology and its effects on the work that human beings do. Rather than being primarily determined by the capabilities and characteristics of technology, it is argued that the organizational outcomes of technological change are a product of political processes of choice and social negotiations within adopting organizations. Technical influences, though, are seen as one important factor enabling and constraining the process of choice and negotiation. Some of the implications of this view for human factors considerations are discussed.
Smart sociotechnical CIM systems: Beyond island solutions and turnkey philosophies
Authors: Badham Richard , Wilson Simon 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe guiding agenda of international programs promoting intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS) has been the creation of advanced machines with artificial intelligence capable of coping with the complex and changing conditions that threaten to disrupt the increasingly “automatic” factory. This article argues that this needs to be broadened to incorporate the development of integrated sociotechnical production systems that effectively combine human and technical resources in creating “smart” systems capable of adapting technologies to firm specific conditions, utilizing data bases, customizing software rules and procedures, and ensuring the ongoing development of the sociotechnical system. This requires greater attention to the human resources and organizational requirements of interdisciplinary system design and implementation. In making this argument, the article draws upon recent Australian case study experiences in the implementation and customization of integrated CAD/CAM systems and European research into human‐centered CIM design.
Learning and forgetting industrial skills: An experimental model
Authors: Shtub Avraham , Levin Nissan , Globerson Shlomo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractTraditional learning curve models disregard the impact of break periods between consecutive repetitions. Since such breaks generate forgetting, when they do occur, actual performance is inferior to performance forecasted by a typical learning curve model. This study has two major objectives: (1) to test two hypotheses regarding learning and forgetting in the automated factory, proposed for a traditional industrial setting by Bailey (1989); (a) Forgetting is a function of the amount of learning prior to the interruption and the elapsed time of the interruption and (b) relearning rate is a function of the original learning rate. (2) to identify a proper forgetting model and estimate its parameters so that it may be compared to existing learning‐forgetting models. The results of this study confirmed that Bailey's hypotheses are valid in a high tech manufacturing environment where computers are used for the control of machines, material handling systems and inspection equipment. Based on these hypotheses a power learning‐forgetting model was found to be the preferred model to depicting the relationship between the break length and the degree of forgetting.
Transformation of work organization in time‐based production management: The case of three finnish electronics plants
Authors: Alasoini Tuomo 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article examines new rationalization policies and working patterns in the Finnish electronics industry. Starting out with the assumption that management of time is becoming a more important source of competitive advantage for companies, the author outlines implications of the shift in strategy for manufacturing organization, skill demands, and workplace relations. The empirical material focuses on the prospects of teamwork, the status of supervisors, and the effects of new technologies on labor deployment in three plants. The author concludes that many of the firms' efforts to overcome the limits of Taylorism are stuck halfway due to insufficient training of the workers, lack of support in the middle‐ and lower‐level management, and selective utilization of the new organizational practices in the production management.
The dialogue that needs to happen
Authors: Plummer Joseph T. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe author proposes that the enormous potential of academic psychology's contribution to marketing and advertising can only be fully realized through a collaboration that allows an understanding of the nature of the issues and tasks to which that psychological knowledge will be applied in a business context. Forums such as this journal, face‐to‐face contacts through visiting professorships, sabbaticals, and internships can complement the role of conferences, symposia, and consultancies as mechanisms for establishing the interface between academics and practitioners that will allow greater awareness of the relevance of academic knowledge to the real‐time, real‐world nature of the human element in marketing.
Methodological considerations in the use of electroencephalographic techniques in advertising research
Authors: Nevid Jeffrey S. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis paper focuses on methodological concerns of interest to advertising researchers who seek to employ electroencephalographic (EEG) methods for assessing the impact of advertising stimuli. It is suggested that the validity of EEG applications in advertising research needs to be demonstrated on the basis of examining relationships between EEG measures and more traditional measures of evaluating advertising effectiveness. More attention needs to be focused on determining the content‐specific cues that engage the viewer's attentional processes. Further research is necessary to determine hemispheric differences in processing emotional cues in advertising stimuli and relationships between subjective reactions to advertising stimuli and lateralized differences in activation patterns. It is suggested that individual differences in hemispheric preferences may be related to response to advertising stimuli and that computersimulated brain topographical techniques may by useful in revealing shifts in region‐specific activation patterns during exposure to advertising stimuli such as television commercials.