bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Liraglutide Protects Pancreatic Islet From Ischemic Injury by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Activating Akt Signaling During Cold Preservation to Improve Islet Transplantation Outcomes
Authors: Cai Xiangheng , Cao Jinglin , Wang Le , Zou Jiaqi , Li Rui , Sun Peng , Ding Xuejie , Zhang Boya , Liu Zewen , Pei Xirui , Yang Jiuxia , Zhan Yixiang , Liu Na , Liu Tengli , Liang Rui , Gao Jie , Wang Shusen 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Islet transplantation is a promising therapy for patients with type 1 diabetes. However, ischemic injury to the donor islets during cold preservation leads to reduced islet quality and compromises transplant outcome. Several studies imply that liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, has a positive effect on promoting islet survival, but its impact on islet cold-ischemic injury remains unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate whether liraglutide can improve islet transplantation efficacy by inhibiting cold-ischemic injury and to explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods.
Liraglutide was applied in a mouse pancreas preservation model and a human islets cold-preservation model, and islet viability, function, oxidative stress levels were evaluated. Furthermore, islet transplantation was performed in a syngeneic mouse model and a human-to-nude mouse islet xenotransplantation model.

Results.
The supplementation of liraglutide in preservation solution improved islet viability, function, and reduced cell apoptosis. Liraglutide inhibited the oxidative stress of cold-preserved pancreas or islets through upregulating the antioxidant enzyme glutathione levels, inhibiting reactive oxygen species accumulation, and maintaining the mitochondrial membrane integrity, which is associated with the activation of Akt signaling. Furthermore, the addition of liraglutide during cold preservation of donor pancreas or donor islets significantly improved the subsequent transplant outcomes in both syngeneic mouse islet transplantation model and human-to-nude mouse islet xenotransplantation model.

Conclusions.
Liraglutide protects islets from cold ischemia-related oxidative stress during preservation and hence improved islet transplantation outcomes, and this protective effect of liraglutide in islets is associated with the activation of Akt signaling.
Cell-specific Extracellular Vesicles and Their miRNA Cargo Released Into the Organ Preservation Solution During Cold Ischemia Storage as Biomarkers for Liver Transplant Outcomes
Authors: Vidal-Correoso Daniel , Mateo Sandra V. , Muñoz-Morales Ana M. , Lucas-Ruiz Fernando , Jover-Aguilar Marta , Alconchel Felipe , Martínez-Alarcón Laura , Sánchez-Redondo Sara , Santos Vanesa , López-López Víctor , Ríos-Zambudio Antonio , Cascales Pedro , Pons José Antonio , Ramírez Pablo , Pelegrín Pablo , Peinado Héctor , Baroja-Mazo Alberto 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Liver transplantation (LT) is crucial for end-stage liver disease patients, but organ shortages persist. Donation after circulatory death (DCD) aims to broaden the donor pool but presents challenges. Complications like acute rejection, hepatic artery thrombosis, and biliary issues still impact posttransplant prognosis. Biomarkers, including extracellular vesicles (EVs) and microRNAs (miRNAs), show promise in understanding and monitoring posttransplant events. This study explores the role of EVs and their miRNA cargo in LT, including their potential as diagnostic tools.

Methods.
EVs from intrahepatic end-ischemic organ preservation solution (eiOPS) in 79 donated livers were detected using different techniques (nanosight tracking analysis, transmission electron microscopy, and flow cytometry). EV-derived miRNAs were identified by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the R platform.

Results.
Different-sized and origin-specific EVs were found in eiOPS, with significantly higher concentrations in DCD compared with donation after brain death organs. Additionally, several EV-associated miRNAs, including let-7d-5p, miR-28-5p, miR-200a-3p, miR-200b-3p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-429, were overexpressed in DCD-derived eiOPS. These miRNAs also exhibited differential expression patterns in liver tissue biopsies. Pathway analysis revealed enrichment in signaling pathways involved in extracellular matrix organization and various cellular processes. Moreover, specific EVs and miRNAs correlated with clinical outcomes, including survival and early allograft dysfunction. A predictive model combining biomarkers and clinical variables showed promise in acute rejection detection after LT.

Conclusions.
These findings provide new insights into the use of EVs and miRNAs as biomarkers and their possible influence on posttransplantation outcomes, potentially contributing to improved diagnostic approaches and personalized treatment strategies in LT.
Highly Sensitized Candidates Remain at Risk for Microvascular Inflammation Even When Donor-specific Antibody Is Avoided: A Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Agrawal Amogh , Balakrishnan Suryanarayanan , Gandhi Manish J. , Alexander Mariam P. , Cornell Lynn , Bentall Andrew J. , Kukla Aleksandra , Stegall Mark , Schinstock Carrie A. 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Microvascular inflammation (MVI) is a key feature of antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) among patients with HLA donor-specific antibody (DSA), but MVI at AMR thresholds (Banff glomerulitis [g] + peritubular capillaritis [ptc] score ≥ 2) without DSA has been increasingly recognized. We aimed to determine the incidence of MVI among highly sensitized kidney transplant recipients without DSA.

Methods.
We performed a single-center, retrospective, matched cohort study comparing outcomes of kidney transplant recipients with cPRA ≥90% with preexisting DSA (n = 49), cPRA ≥90% without preexisting DSA (n = 47), and matched controls with cPRA = 0 without preexisting DSA (n = 49). Controls were matched by age, donor type, and transplant date. Indication and surveillance biopsies combined with annual de novo DSA screening were obtained.

Results.
Kidney transplant recipients with a cPRA ≥90% and no evidence of preexisting or de novo DSA had a higher incidence of MVI (glomerulitis + peritubular capillaritis ≥ 2) than patients with cPRA = 0 [35% (17/49) versus 12% (6/49), P = 0.0003] over a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5 (4–6) y posttransplant. Among this cPRA ≥90% group without DSA, MVI persisted in 54% of cases on follow-up biopsy (7/13), and 24% (4/13) of cases developed transplant glomerulopathy (Banff cg score > 0).

Conclusions.
Highly sensitized transplant recipients have a high incidence of persistent and progressive MVI, even without DSA. The mechanisms underlying these histologic features needs to be elucidated, but this information is important to consider when making decisions about transplantation among highly sensitized individuals.
Outcomes of Heart Transplantation From Donation After Circulatory Death: An Up-to-date Systematic Meta-analysis
Authors: Zong Junjie , Ye Weicong , Yu Jizhang , Zhang Xi , Cui Jikai , Chen Zhang , Li Yuan , Wang Song , Ran Shuan , Niu Yuqing , Luo Zilong , Li Xiaohan , Zhao Jiulu , Hao Yanglin , Xia Jiahong , Wu Jie 
Published: April 2024

Background.
Donation after circulatory death (DCD) heart transplantation (HTx) significantly expands the donor pool and reduces waitlist mortality. However, high-level evidence-based data on its safety and effectiveness are lacking. This meta-analysis aimed to compare the outcomes between DCD and donation after brain death (DBD) HTxs.

Methods.
Databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials and observational studies reporting the outcomes of DCD and DBD HTxs published from 2014 onward. The data were pooled using random-effects models. Risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used as the summary measures for categorical outcomes and mean differences were used for continuous outcomes.

Results.
Twelve eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. DCD HTx was associated with lower 1-y mortality rate (DCD 8.13% versus DBD 10.24%; RR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.59-0.96; P = 0.02) and 5-y mortality rate (DCD 14.61% versus DBD 20.57%; RR = 0.72; 95% CI, 0.54-0.97; P = 0.03) compared with DBD HTx.

Conclusions.
Using the current DCD criteria, HTx emerges as a promising alternative to DBD transplantation. The safety and feasibility of DCD hearts deserve further exploration and investigation.
Presence of glyphosate in urine due to environmental exposure among populations of agro-industrial areas in Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Figar Silvana , Ferloni Analia , Saravi Amparo , Dawidowski Adriana R. , Aliperti Valeria I. , Bressán Ignacio , De Florio Florencia , Vicens Jimena , Golde Nahuel Braguinsky , Garcia Natalia K. , Pazur Glenda , Hough Guillermo E. , Gadano Adrián C. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractIntroductionAn increasing number of rural communities express perception of health damage from glyphosate and other agrochemicals. We measure the presence of glyphosate in the human body, in order to create, together with the local community, a systemic model that highlights modifiable causal socio-environmental conditions.Materials and methodsParticipatory Action Research. Measurement of environmental factors and self-reported oncological disease were obtained in a three-stage probabilistic sampling (blocks, houses, family) of people living in French city - 9 de Julio-Buenos Aires. Glyphosate in urine was analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. The exposure pathway was obtained by interviewing positive cases. A conceptual systemic model was designed.Resultsof the total 46 blocks of French, 23 were included with systematic sampling and from the 76 houses selected (50%) one person was included in the study. Oncological disease was reported in 21.8% of the households. 13% of the population (95% CI 6.5-23) presented quantifiable glyphosate in urine in June 2023. Occupational exposure was ruled out in all cases. The main self-reported sources were: unloading agrochemicals in the nearby warehouse, the grain storage complex, pesticide drift and self-propelled sprayers that pass by on the street, variables belonging to economic and cultural conditions. A network of actors emerged who, gathered on a website, propose actions to the mayor’s office.DiscussionThis study has high external validity for public health decision makers regarding the determinants. It is necessary to notify the Argentine Integrated Health System, both suspected exposure and possibly related health events, and to design how to refer human samples to highly complex laboratories to measure pesticides.Conclusionthe presence of glyphosate in urine was due to environmental exposure; It expresses a path of passive, involuntary and chronic absorption of environmental pollutants and is due to French’s agricultural activity with dominance of market forces in the system, poorly antagonized by care forces.
REAL TIME MONITORING OF RESPIRATORY VIRAL INFECTIONS IN COHORT STUDIES USING A SMARTPHONE APP
Authors: Hancock David G , Kicic-Starcevich Elizabeth , Sondag Thijs , Rivers Rael , McGee Kate , Karpievitch Yuliya V , D’Vaz Nina , Agudelo-Romero Patricia , Caparros-Martin Jose A , Iosifidis Thomas , Kicic Anthony , Stick Stephen M 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackground and ObjectivesCohort studies investigating respiratory disease pathogenesis aim to pair mechanistic investigations with longitudinal virus detection but are limited by the burden of methods tracking illness over time. In this study, we explored the utility of a smartphone app to robustly identify symptomatic respiratory illnesses, while reducing burden and facilitating real-time data collection and adherence monitoring.MethodsThe AERIAL TempTracker smartphone app was assessed in the AERIAL and COCOON birth cohort studies. Participants recorded daily temperatures and associated symptoms/medications in TempTracker for 6-months, with daily use adherence measured over this period. Regular participant feedback was collected at quarterly study visits. Symptomatic respiratory illnesses meeting study criteria prompted an automated app alert and collection of a nose/throat swab for testing of eight respiratory viruses.ResultsIn total, 32,764 daily TempTracker entries from 348 AERIAL participants and 30,542 entries from 361 COCOON participants were recorded. This corresponded to an adherence median of 67.0% (range 1.9-100%) and 55.4% (range 1.1-100%) of each participant’s study period, respectively. Feedback was positive, with 75.5% of responding families reporting no barriers to use. A total of 648 symptomatic respiratory illness events from 249/709 participants were identified with significant variability between individuals in the frequency (0-16 events per participant), duration (1-13 days), and virus detected (rhinovirus in 42.7%).ConclusionsA smartphone app provides a reliable method to capture the longitudinal virus data in cohort studies which facilitates the understanding of early life infections in chronic respiratory disease development.Summary at a GlanceA smartphone app can facilitate capturing symptomatic respiratory viral infections in longitudinal cohort studies, while supporting adherence and reducing participant burden. The app helped identify community variations in virus prevalence as well as the individual variability in viral responses necessary to understand the mechanism of chronic disease development.
Cost Comparison and Spending on Tobacco Products: Evidence from A Nationally Representative Sample of Adult E-Cigarette Users
Authors: Ma Shaoying , Yang Qian , Ahn Sooa , Park Hojin , He Yanyun , Bridges John F P , Shang Ce 
Published: April 2024

ABSTRACTBackgroundOver 20 states and local jurisdictions in the U.S. have imposed e-cigarette taxes. It is important to evaluate how adult vapers, including those who also smoke respond to e-cigarette taxation. The purpose of this study is to examine factors associated with adult vapers’ cost perception of e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes and budget allocations between two products.MethodsWe recruited a nationally representative sample of 801 adult e-cigarette users in the U.S., who participated in an online survey in April and May 2023. Nested-ordered logit models and ordinary least squares regressions were used in the analysis.ResultsOn average, monthly e-cigarette spending was $82.22, and cigarette spending was $118.77 among dual users. Less frequent e-cigarette use and higher state-level e-cigarette taxes were associated with perceiving smoking as cheaper than vaping. Age and exclusive use of tank systems were associated with perceiving vaping as cheaper than smoking. Exclusive use of tank systems was also associated with lower e-cigarette spending. Adults who used e-cigarettes more frequently preferred to report weekly budget on e-cigarettes (p< 0.01), and among dual users, everyday smokers preferred to report weekly (versus monthly) budget on cigarettes compared to someday smokers (p< 0.001).ConclusionAmong US adult vapers, frequencies of tobacco use and e-cigarette device type are closely related to cost measures; and e-cigarette taxes are associated with cost perception of e-cigarettes relative to cigarettes, suggesting potential financial disincentive for vaping. Policymaker may consider imposing differential taxes by e-cigarette product types due to their different costs to consumers.
Enhancing Early Detection of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly: A Comparative Study Utilizing Large Language Models in Clinical Notes
Authors: Du Xinsong , Novoa-Laurentiev John , Plasaek Joseph M. , Chuang Ya-Wen , Wang Liqin , Marshall Gad , Mueller Stephanie K. , Chang Frank , Datta Surabhi , Paek Hunki , Lin Bin , Wei Qiang , Wang Xiaoyan , Wang Jingqi , Ding Hao , Manion Frank J. , Du Jingcheng , Bates David W. , Zhou Li 
Published: April 2024

AbstractBackgroundLarge language models (LLMs) have shown promising performance in various healthcare domains, but their effectiveness in identifying specific clinical conditions in real medical records is less explored. This study evaluates LLMs for detecting signs of cognitive decline in real electronic health record (EHR) clinical notes, comparing their error profiles with traditional models. The insights gained will inform strategies for performance enhancement.MethodsThis study, conducted at Mass General Brigham in Boston, MA, analyzed clinical notes from the four years prior to a 2019 diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment in patients aged 50 and older. We used a randomly annotated sample of 4,949 note sections, filtered with keywords related to cognitive functions, for model development. For testing, a random annotated sample of 1,996 note sections without keyword filtering was utilized. We developed prompts for two LLMs, Llama 2 and GPT-4, on HIPAA-compliant cloud-computing platforms using multiple approaches (e.g., both hard and soft prompting and error analysis-based instructions) to select the optimal LLM-based method. Baseline models included a hierarchical attention-based neural network and XGBoost. Subsequently, we constructed an ensemble of the three models using a majority vote approach.ResultsGPT-4 demonstrated superior accuracy and efficiency compared to Llama 2, but did not outperform traditional models. The ensemble model outperformed the individual models, achieving a precision of 90.3%, a recall of 94.2%, and an F1-score of 92.2%. Notably, the ensemble model showed a significant improvement in precision, increasing from a range of 70%-79% to above 90%, compared to the best-performing single model. Error analysis revealed that 63 samples were incorrectly predicted by at least one model; however, only 2 cases (3.2%) were mutual errors across all models, indicating diverse error profiles among them.ConclusionsLLMs and traditional machine learning models trained using local EHR data exhibited diverse error profiles. The ensemble of these models was found to be complementary, enhancing diagnostic performance. Future research should investigate integrating LLMs with smaller, localized models and incorporating medical data and domain knowledge to enhance performance on specific tasks.
A longitudinal analysis of incidence of hypertension and blood pressure measurements by age of migration among older Hispanic men and women
Authors: Walker Brandon S. , Waitzman Norman J , Goldstein Evan V. , Vanneman Megan E. , Kelley Alan Taylor , Wilson Fernando A. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractObjectiveTo conduct a longitudinal analysis of incidence of self-reported hypertension and blood pressure measurements among foreign-born Hispanics by age of migration, compared to US-born populations.MethodsThe sample was drawn from 2002-2018 of the Health and Retirement Study and included 22,909 individuals. Subsets of this sample were used to conduct a longitudinal analysis of the incidence of hypertension and mean blood pressure measurements.ResultsForeign-born Hispanic women migrating at age 40 and older had a greater incidence of hypertension and a greater increase in systolic blood pressure as they aged compared to US-born Whites.DiscussionIn contrast to the Hispanic Paradox that suggests better health among Hispanic immigrants despite lower socioeconomic status, this was not observed among older Hispanic immigrants for hypertension. Furthermore, older Hispanic women who migrated later in life had a greater incidence of hypertension and greater increases in systolic blood pressure as they aged compared to US-born White women.
Embryonic motor neuron programming factors reactivate immature gene expression and suppress ALS pathologies in postnatal motor neurons
Authors: Lowry Emily R. , Patel Tulsi , Costa Jonathon A. , Chang Elizabeth , Tariq Shahroz , Melikyan Hranush , Davis Ian M. , Aziz Siaresh , Dermentzaki Georgia , Lotti Francesco , Wichterle Hynek 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAging is a major risk factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and other adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Whereas young neurons are capable of buffering disease-causing stresses, mature neurons lose this ability and degenerate over time. We hypothesized that the resilience of young motor neurons could be restored by re-expression of the embryonic motor neuron selector transcription factors ISL1 and LHX3. We found that viral re-expression of ISL1 and LHX3 reactivates aspects of the youthful gene expression program in mature motor neurons and alleviates key disease-relevant phenotypes in the SOD1G93Amouse model of ALS. Our results suggest that redeployment of lineage-specific neuronal selector transcription factors can be an effective strategy to attenuate age-dependent phenotypes in neurodegenerative disease.
Association between sex and race and ethnicity and intravenous sedation use in patients receiving invasive ventilation
Authors: Walker Sarah L. , Angriman Federico , Burry Lisa , Celi Leo Anthony , Fiest Kirsten M. , Gichoya Judy , Johnson Alistair , Liu Kuan , Mehta Sangeeta , Roman-Sarita Georgiana , Seyyed-Kalantari Laleh , Vu Thanh-Giang T. , Whitlock Elizabeth L. , Tomlinson George , Yarnell Christopher J. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractRationaleIntravenous sedation is an important tool for managing invasively ventilated patients, yet excess sedation is harmful, and dosing could be influenced by implicit bias.ObjectiveTo measure the association between sex, race and ethnicity, and sedation practices.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of adults receiving invasive ventilation for 24 hours or more using the MIMIC-IV (2008-2019) database from Boston, USA. We used a repeated-measures design (4-hour time intervals) to study the association between patient sex (female, male) or race and ethnicity (Asian, Black, Hispanic, White) and sedation outcomes. Sedation outcomes included sedative use (propofol, benzodiazepine, dexmedetomidine) and minimum sedation score. We divided sedative use into five categories: no sedative given, then lowest, second, third, and highest quartiles of sedative dose. We used multilevel Bayesian proportional odds modeling to adjust for baseline and time-varying covariates and reported posterior odds ratios with 95% credible intervals [CrI].ResultsWe studied 6,764 patients: 43% female; 3.5% Asian, 12% Black, 4.5% Hispanic and 80% white. We analyzed 116,519 4-hour intervals. Benzodiazepines were administered to 2,334 (36%) patients. Black patients received benzodiazepines less often and at lower doses than White patients (OR 0.66, CrI 0.49 to 0.92). Propofol was administered to 3,865 (57%) patients. Female patients received propofol less often and at lower doses than male patients (OR 0.72, CrI 0.61 to 0.86). Dexmedetomidine was administered to 1,439 (21%) patients, and use was largely similar across sex or race and ethnicity. As expressed by sedation scores, male patients were more sedated than female patients (OR 1.41, CrI 1.23 to 1.62), and White patients were less sedated than Black patients (OR 0.78, CrI 0.65 to 0.95).ConclusionAmong patients invasively ventilated for at least 24 hours, intravenous sedation and attained sedation levels varied by sex and race and ethnicity. Adherence to sedation guidelines may improve equity in sedation management for critically ill patients.