bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Dosage Response of Rye Genes in a Wheat Background
Authors: Bittel D. C. , Fominaya A. , Jouve N. , Gustafson J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractWheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders often utilize alien sources to supply new genetic variation to their breeding programs. However, the alien gene complexes have not always behaved as desired when placed into a wheat background. The introgressed genes of interest may be linked to undesirable genes, expressed at low levels or not at all. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome one (1RS) contains many valuable genes for wheat improvement. In order to study rye gene response to varying copy number, wheat lines were constructed which contained zero, two or four doses of 1RS. The meiotic behavior of rye chromosome 1R, and wheat/rye translocation chromosomes, 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS was studied in the F1 hybrids between wheat lines carrying 1R or the translocation chromosomes. The IRS arm was transmitted at a very high frequency; 98 % of the F2 plants had at least one of the chromosomes with a IRS arm. In addition, 44 % of the F2 plants received at least one copy of the chromosomes from each parent. Analysis of the meiotic behavior of the IRS arm suggested that few euploid wheat gametes were formed. Therefore, most of the pollen must have contained IRS. It is unknown whether the lack of euploid wheat pollen could account for the high transmission frequency of the rye chromosomes. There may have been differential survival of the embryos receiving the rye chromosome as well.
Responses in Agronomic Traits Associated with Three Recurrent Selection Regimes for Groat‐Oil Content in Oat*
Authors: Schipper H. , Frey K. J. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrop strains with high values for the selected trait but unacceptable agronomic characteristics are not useful as varieties. In this study, we determined whether selection for groat‐oil content in oat (Avena sativa L.) via three recurrent selection regimes caused associated changes in 10 agronomic traits. Random lines of each cycle of selection of each regime were evaluated in a replicated field experiment at two locations. Biomass, grain yield, groat yield, and test weight decreased in all three regimes. Seed weight and plant height decreased in two regimes, and groat fraction in one. Oil yield increased in two regimes and decreased in the other. Plants headed earlier in one and later in another regime over cycles of selection. No changes in harvest index occurred. Heritabilities and genetic variances were relatively high for all traits in each regime. Factor analysis of the phenotypic correlation matrices indicated that simultaneous increases in grain yield and in groat‐oil content are possible, that continuous selection for groat‐oil content decreases groat fraction and test weight, and that seed weight is strongly and negatively associated with groat‐oil content. A new recurrent selection regime for increasing groat‐oil content of oat that may overcome the negative responses of agronomic traits was proposed.
Mapping of Molecular Markers on Brassica B‐Genome Chromosomes Added to Brassica napus
Authors: Struss D. , Quiros C. F. , Röbbelen G. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractUsing interspecific hybridization among various Brassica species, B‐genome chromosomes from different sources of Brassica, i.e. B. nigra (BB, 2n = 18), B. carinata (BBCC), 2n = 34) and B. juncea (AABB, 2n = 36) were transferred into the Canadian variety ‘Andor’ of B. napus. Monosomic addition lines were selected (AACC + 1B, 2n = 39) by cytological control. For characterization of the alien chromosomes, series of isozymes, RFLPs and RAPD markers were employed. This permitted the identification of a total of 39 lines representing seven of the eight B‐genome chromosomes.
Production of Spontaneous Diploid Lines from Isolated Microspores Following Cryopreservation in Spring Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)
Authors: Chen J. L. , Beversdorf W. D. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCryopreservation of microspores provides a potentially powerful means for increasing percentage of spontaneous diploids in microspore‐derived populations in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). This study was to investigate the production of spontaneous diploid lines in relation to steps of cryopreserving micro‐spores of two spring rapeseed breeding lines G‐231 and M3‐124. Microspores of both genotypes were isolated and subjected to Cryopreservation. The step of cooling process (before liquid nitrogen immersion) in a Cryopreservation protocol resulted in high percentages of spontaneous diploids in lines regenerated from frozen microspores in both genotypes. Liquid nitrogen immersion and subsequent thawing process had no influence on the percentage of spontaneous diploids. A linear relationship between percentage of spontaneous diploids and cooling temperatures was detected. The lowest cooling temperature of −40 °C yielded the highest percentages of spontaneous diploids (51.1 % in G‐231 and 47.7 % in M3‐124, respectively), which were more than doubled in comparison to those in the corresponding unfrozen controls. The current study indicated that cold treatment may be utilized to greatly enhance the percentage of spontaneous diploids in rapeseed breeding programs.
Phenotypic Variability for Bio‐Agronomical Traits in Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) Populations of the Meskawi Botanical Group
Authors: Martiniello P. , de Santis G. , Iannucci A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe phenotypic variability and adaptability for bio‐agronomic traits in berseem populations (Trifolium alexandrinum L.), was evaluated. The number of genotypes was 32 (26 of southern Italy origin and 6 Egyptian). They were evaluated under field conditions for two years (1989–90) in Foggia (Italy) adopting different cutting regimes: at 7–8th inter‐nodes stem length, beginning of flowering, and no cutting. The genotypes of the Italian origin appeared to be better adapted when the cut was applied in the early stage of development, and more productive in seed yield. The Egyptian populations were most productive in forage in the later cuts and had a higher seed weight. The range of variation among the bio‐agronomical traits was higher when the cut was applied at early flowering. The traits with wider range of variation were: dry matter, plant height at cut, regrowth at the fourteenth day after cut, tiller density and seed yield. Considering a multiplicative selection index, 6 populations were well adapted and could be used as parents in breeding programs and in extended farm cultivation.
Methods for Detection and Estimation of Linkage between a Marker Locus and Quantitative Trait Loci
Authors: Zhang X. F. , Mosjidis J. A. , Hu Z. L. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSeveral methods have been proposed over the years to detect linkage between a marker gene and quantitative trait locus (QTL). Use of isozymes and restriction fragment length polymorphisms as genetic markers, has encouraged the development of new methods to detect linkage. We present three methods to detect linkage and two methods to measure recombination frequency (r). The three methods that detect linkage can be used when a single QTL or a tightly linked cluster of QTLs control the quantitative trait. The two methods that measure recombination frequency could not be used in the latter case because r would not be properly estimated. Procedures to calculate the additive and dominance gene effects of the QTL and the respective variances of these estimates were also presented.
Effectiveness of Twenty‐Four Barley Resistance Genes Against Powdery Mildew (Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal) in Spain
Authors: Molina‐Cano J. L. , Montoya J. L. , Echarte J. , Royo C. , Serra J. , Marin‐Sanchez J. P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTwenty‐four near‐isogenic barley lines, with a cv.‘Pallas’ background, carrying different mildew resistance genes were subjected in 1987, 1989 and 1990 to natural infection by the pathogen at several different and contrasting Spanish sites in order to study its virulence. The virulence genes proved to be geographically grouped into three regions: western (Valladolid), southern (Sevilla) and northern and northeastern (Navarra, Lleida and Girona). The mildew population of Lleida was more variable when compared with Navarra and Valladolid. Overall, the most effective resistance genes were: Ml‐a13 + Ml‐(Ru3), mlo and Ml‐(1402).
Reselection of a Pearl Millet Cultivar Utilizing Residual Variability for Downy Mildew Reaction*
Authors: Singh S. D. , Singh P. , Andrews D. J. , Talukdar B. S. , King S. B. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract‘BJ 104’ was the most widely grown pearl millet hybrid in India until it became susceptible to downy mildew (DM) in 1984—85. Residual variability for resistance was found in both parental lines, 5141 B (maintainer of 5141 A) and J 104, and through four generations of pedigree selection under intense disease pressure in the DM nursery, two lines, IC‐MA841 (from 5141 B) and ICMP 84814 (from J 104), were selected resulting in a reconstituted DM resistant hybrid (‘ICMH 84814’) which was equal in yield to the original ‘BJ 104’. The reconstituted hybrid, though phenotypically similar, can be distinguished from “BJ 104” being slightly taller, flowers later, has heavier heads, and 1000‐seed weight, but tillers less.A similar exercise was attempted on Tifton 23 B, the female parent of the first widely grown hybrid (‘HB 3’— the male parent was also J 104), but no variability for resistance to DM was found.
Development of Bruchid‐Resistant Mungbean Line Using Wild Mungbean Germplasm in Thailand
Authors: Tomooka N. , Lairungreang C. , Nakeeraks P. , Egawa Y. , Thavarasook C. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractA mungbean (V. radiata) line (BC3F3 generation) which is resistant to two species of bruchid beetles (Callosobruchus chinensis and C. maculatus) was successfully developed in Thailand using a wild mungbean variety (V. radiata var. sublobata). One accession (TC1966) of wild mungbean was found to be completely resistant to C. chinensis and C. maculatus occurring at Chainat Field Crops Research Center in Thailand. The resistance was controlled by a single dominant gene (R). A breeding program to develop a bruchid‐resistant mungbean cultivar with good agronomic characters under the environmental conditions of Thailand was initiated in 1987.‘Chainat 60’ (‘CN60’), a recommended mungbean cultivar in Thailand, was crossed with TC1966 to incorporate the resistance gene. Agronomic characters of the hybrids were improved by recurrent backcrossing using ‘CN60’ as a pollen parent. Seed yield per plant, days to flowering, and seed size of the bruchid‐resistant BC3F2 population reached the level of ‘CN60’ after three consecutive backcrossings. Bruchid‐resistant line (BC3F3, R/R) was selected from individual BC3F2 plants.
Results in the Development of Alloplasmic Carrots (Daucus carota sativus Hoffm.)
Authors: Nothnagel Th. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAlloplasmic forms of the cultivated carrot, Daucus carota sativus Hoffm., were created by substitution backcrosses. The wild Daucus forms D. muricatus L., D. gingidium L., D. c. gummifer Hook, and D. c. libanotifolia Wiinst. were used as cytoplasm donors. In the first two backcross generations disturbances in fertility and plant physiology did not occur. The plants of the generations BC2F2 and BC2F3 look like cultivated carrots.The alloplasmic forms were compared with cultivars for economic traits such as yield and yield components. The high content of total sugar in the alloplasmic forms was considerable. A new type of male sterility was found and described in a BC3F2 generation of the cross D. c. gummifer× D. c. sativus. Results of RFLP‐analyses of mt‐DNA and cp‐DNA were discussed.
Mitochondrial Genome Diversity within a Cultivar of Daucus carota (ssp. sativus) Revealed by Restriction Fragment Analysis of Single Plants
Authors: Steinborn R. , Weihe A. , Boerner T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAn effective method for the isolation and restriction fragment analysis of mitochondrial (mt) DNA from a few grams of plant material of Daucus carota sativus is presented. Employing radioactive end‐labelling of mtDNA restriction fragments, 12 single plants from a carrot cultivar, ‘Vitaminaja’, were investigated for mitochondrial genome diversity. Analyses revealed four different types of characteristic mtDNA restriction fragment patterns within the same cultivar. The mitochondrial genome diversity in the cultivar ‘Vitaminaja’ may result from non‐homogenous ancestor cytoplasms as well as from nuclear‐induced mtDNA rearrangements. Evaluation of intraspecific mitochondrial genome diversity may become an important issue in breeding programmes.
Pollen Characteristics and Genetics of Induced and Spontaneous Genetic Male‐Sterile Mutants in Rice
Authors: Hu Jinguo , Rutger J. N. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPollen characteristics, inheritance and allelism of 23 genetic male‐sterile (ms) mutants of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were investigated. Ten of the mutants were induced by ethyl methane sulfonate, one induced by ethyleneimine, seven induced by gamma rays, one induced by streptomycin, one derived from tissue culture and three were spontaneous mutants found in the field. Four pollen abortion types were observed among these ms mutants: 3 no‐pollen (NP) type, 6 complete pollen abortion (CPA) type, 13 partial pollen abortion (PPA) type, and 1 stainable pollen abortion (SPA) type. Progeny tests over two years indicated that each of the mutants was inherited as a monogenic recessive. A partial diallel cross among the 23 ms mutants indicated that mutant E2 was allelic to G4, E5 was allelic to E9, N2 was allelic to N3, and that three other mutants, E3, G6 and T1, shared the same ms locus. Gene symbols ms‐46 (t) through ms‐63 (t) were assigned to these mutants.
Intergeneric Hybrids between Aegilops squarrosa and Secale cereale and their Meiotic Chromosome Behaviour
Authors: Kawakubo J. , Taira T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThree hybrid plants with different combinations of D and R genomes were produced from crosses between Aegilops squarrosa (2×: and 4×) and Secale cereale (2× and 4×) using embryo culture. Production frequencies of mature hybrids, having the genomes DR, DDR and DDRR, were 2.0%, 5.2% and 2.2 %, respectively, of florets pollinated. Amphidiploids were obtained directly from the cross between tetraploid parents. The majority of their morphological features were intermediate between those of the parents but, as with rye, the rachis was tough. Diploid and triploid hybrids were completely seed‐sterile, whereas the amphidiploid had an average self‐fertility of 4.5 % with a range of 0 to 45 %.The somatic chromosome numbers of diploids, triploids and amphidiploids were 2n = 14, 21 and 28, respectively. At meiotic metaphase I, the mean chromosome associations were 0.01 III + 0.26 II + 13.4 I in diploids, 6.96 II + 7.1 I in triploids, and 10.5 II + 7.9 I in amphidiploids. In diploids, pairing between D and R chromosomes was observed in the form of end‐to‐end types without chiasmata. Homologous pairing between D chromosomes was predominant in plants having two sets of D genomes. Amphidiploids showed a diploid‐like chromosome behaviour. Homoeologous pairing was not observed in either triploids or amphidiploids.
Effect of Karyotype on Somatic Embryogenesis from Immature Triticale (×Triticosecale Wittmack) Embryos
Authors: Immonen A. S. T. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractTo assess the tissue‐culture response of different karyotypes of spring triticales, immature embryo explants of 20 secondary triticales with a complete karyotype (complete rye genome with or without a 6D/6A substitution) or substituted karyotype (incomplete rye genome with a 2D/2R substitution), two primary triticales with octoploid and two with hexaploid karyotypes, were cultured on MS and on Kao medium supplemented with 2,4‐D. Complete triticales produced significantly more embryogenic callus than substituted types. Complete 6D/6A karyotypes showed the highest embryogenic response. Octoploid primary triticales showed high and uniform production of embryogenic callus on both media. These findings complement earlier results on the agronomic and quality differences between the karyotypes.
Identification of Rye Chromosomes Involved in Tolerance to Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Disease in Wheat × Triticale Hybrids
Authors: Nkongolo K. K. , Armstrong K. C. , Comeau A. , Pierre C. A. St. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCommon wheat × hexaploid triticale hybrids were produced and evaluated for tolerance to barley yellow dwarf virus disease (BYD). The BYD tolerance expression varied with wheat × triticale combination. The selection for BYD tolerance increased the recovery of tolerant genotypes in the next generations. Homozygous tolerant and susceptible lines were obtained in advanced generations. The rye chromosomes 1R, 2R, and 4R with 7R were transmitted as disomic or monosomic, disomic, and double disomic substitution to the late generations of ‘Musala’ (common wheat) ×‘Muskox 658’ (triticale), ‘Encruzilhada’ (common wheat) ×‘Nord Kivu’ (triticale) and ‘Encruzilhada’× 12th. International Triticale Screening Nursery 267 (12ITSN267) (triticale), respectively. A clear association was established between the 1R chromosome of the ‘Muskox 658’ triticale line and the tolerance to BYDV. Results suggest that the 2R chromosome may be involved in BYD tolerance of ‘Nord Kivu’ triticale line.
Identification of Rye Chromosome 1R Translocations and Substitutions in Hexaploid Wheats Using Storage Proteins as Genetic Markers
Authors: Gupta R. B. , Shepherd K. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractGrain protein compositions of 106 advanced generation backcross lines from crosses involving ‘Amigo’ (1AL.1RS), ‘Aurora’, ‘Kavkaz’, ‘Skorospelka‐35’ and ‘Sunbird’ (all 1BL.1RS) and ‘Gabo’ 1DL.1RS parents and 152 cultivars with unknown pedigree were analysed by one‐dimensional SDS‐PAGE. Eighty seven backcross lines and 16 cultivars carried one or other of these translocations, 2 cultivars had a 1R (1B) substitution, whereas 5 backcross lines were found to be heterogeneous for the 1BL.1RS translocation. The translocation lines were easily identified by the presence of secalins (Sec‐1) controlled by rye chromosome arm IRS and a simultaneous loss of the gliadin (Gli‐1) and/or triticin (Tri‐1) protein bands controlled by the replaced wheat chromosome arm (1AS, 1BS or 1DS). Certain gliadins, showing no allelic variation among the genotypes analysed, were identified as markers for chromosome arms 1AS (Mr= 34 kd) and IBS (Mr= 42,33 kd). The whole chromosome substitutions 1R (1B) were recognized by scoring for the presence of Sec‐1 and HMW secalin bands, Sec‐3 (controlled by rye chromosome arm 1RL) and the absence of Gli‐B1 and HMW glutenin subunits, Glu‐B1 (controlled by wheat chromosome arm 1BL). The results have shown that protein electrophoresis provides a rapid and reliable technique for screening genotypes for these translocations and substitutions in a breeding programme.
Substituting Ability of Individual Barley Chromosomes for Wheat Chromosomes 1. Substitutions Involving Barley Chromosomes 1, 3 and 6
Authors: Islam A. K. M. R. , Shepherd K. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractIn order to determine the genetic relatedness of individual barley chromosomes to wheat chromosomes, ‘Betzes’ barley chromosomes 1, 3 and 6 were substituted for individual ‘Chinese Spring’ wheat chromosomes of homoeologous groups 7, 3 and 6, respectively. The substitution status of these lines has been confirmed using isozyme selective markers, chromosome pairing behaviour in F1 hybrids between the substitution lines and the appropriate double ditelocentric stocks of wheat, and hybridization of cDNA probes to the genomic DNA digests of these substitution lines. Each of the three barley chromosomes provided genetic compensation for the wheat chromosomes they replaced in the substitution plants. From the basis of this compensation with respect to plant vigour and fertility, barley chromosomes 1, 3 and 6 have been designated 7H, 3H and 6H.
Harvest Index and Spike Index in Crosses between Wheat Genotypes with Different Spike Architecture
Authors: Denčić S. , Borojević S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractCrosses between vulgare wheat genotypes with different spike architecture were examined for total biomass per plant, grain mass per plant, and harvest index. The genotypes with branched spikes (turgidum type) and tetrastichon spikes were equal or superior to those with normal spikes in total biomass per plant but inferior in grain mass per plant. Consequently, they had significantly lower harvest indices. In the F1 and F2 generation, high heterosis for total biomass per plant occurred in all crosses between the genotypes with branched and normal spikes. There was heterosis for grain mass per spike in most crosses, but it was not as high as for total biomass.This investigation confirmed earlier findings that genetic changes towards the branched or the tetrastichon spike do not increase the potential for grain yield. Since, however, the crosses between the genotypes with branched and normal spikes showed high heterosis for grain mass per plant, lines with highly fertile but normal spikes may be expected in the segregating generations as a result of a genetic change in sink capacity. The genotypes with branched and tetrastichon spikes produced higher biomass per spike but lower spike index than the genotypes with normal spike. This may be an indication that the increase in vegetative area of the spike does not necessarily have a positive effect on grain mass per spike.
The Inheritance of Components of Fruiting Season, Yield and Vigour in Short‐Day Strawberries and the Relationship between Pistillate Flowers and Flowering Time
Authors: Simpson D. W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe study was designed to provide information on the inheritance of the fruiting period in strawberries and to ascertain whether pistillate seedlings differed in any important respects from their hermaphrodite sibs. Seven short‐day genotypes, covering the full range of outdour cropping seasons in the UK, were crossed in a half‐diallel without selfs and the seedlings grown in the field. Six plant characters, components of fruiting season, yield and vigour, were analysed and each one was found to be heritable with the additive genetic component contributing more towards the overall genetic variance than the non‐additive component. There was more variation for flowering time than for maturation time but both characters are important when breeding for an extended season.The pistillate cultivar‘Pandora’ contributed both the latest flowering and slowest fruit maturation to its progeny and an association was found between late flowering and pistillate flowers, suggesting a possible linkage. This will limit the usefulness of‘Pandora’ as a parent when breeding late‐fruiting strawberries.
Variability of Yield Characters and Selection in Solanum ladniatum Ait.
Authors: Vocel Hermine , Jatisatienr A. , Horn W. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe steroid bearing medicinal plant, S. laciniatum, was bred for high solasodine yield for commercial cultivation in Thailand.Starting materials for breeding consisted of seven populations of different origin. Variability among these populations was examined using an unselected control population cultivated over three years. Additive and dominance variance were estimated from a polycross and diallel mating design.Significant genotypic variability was found for solasodine concentration, height of the plants, and total shoot length, promising successful selection for the most important yield characters.Additive variance and heritability in the narrow sense were low for all yield characters, due to previous selection of the parental plants used for the polycross and diallel mating.No dominance effects could be found for any of the characters. In conclusion, breeding S. laciniatum for quantitative yield characters by selection will be superior to hybrid breeding.As a result of selection, significant increases in the most important yield characters in the offspring of selected populations were obtained.