bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A TESE DE BRANQUEAMENTO RACIAL E O RACISMO ESTRUTURAL NO BRASIL
Authors: Garcez Gabriela Soldano , Silva Lourenço Lodi Monyque 
Published: April 2024

Decorrente do processo de construção da sociedade brasileira, é possível que se identifique nas entrelinhas do dia-a-dia o impacto da discriminação racial na vida de diversas gerações de indivíduos não-brancos. De forma intrínseca ao racismo estrutural e o preconceito institucionalizado, têm-se o histórico de uma coletividade eugenista que, com apoio governamental e de grupos pseudocientistas, contribuiu para a segregação da comunidade escravizada, que, abandonada sem políticas de integração e inclusão, foi marginalizada e excluída do pertencimento social, enquanto planos de “higienização do povo” eram discutidos entre as classes dominantes, a fim de exterminar os povos negros e mestiços do país. O presente subprojeto se desenvolverá através de pesquisa bibliográfica, objetivando reunir informações acerca do surgimento e disseminação da Teoria Eugenista no Brasil, que preceituava ideias de pureza e supremacia racial, e pretende, a partir dos dados coletados, realizar uma análise descritiva (por meio da revisão da literatura obtida), adotando-se um método de pesquisa dedutivo-indutivo, a fim de identificar seus impactos históricos, políticos e até mesmo artísticos, quais foram os principais idealizadores e atores do tema, de que forma eram produzidas e divulgadas suas ideias, assim como a quem este discurso atingia, de maneira direta ou indireta.
Emotional Stability among Trainee Teachers in India: A Study of Seemanchal Districts of Bihar
Authors: Dr. Prerna Mandhyan  
Published: April 2024

Emotional stability is not only one of the effective determinants of the personality patterns, but it also helps to control the growth of adolescent development. Researcher found while reviewing the previous work that emotional stability of teachers determines perceptions of their classroom management, teacher–student relationships, and methodological-didactic setting disruptions. But the question was, is emotional stability matters in rural parts also. Researcher started to think about emotional stability of trainee teacher in backward districts of India. During training, these trainee teachers hardly get proper opportunity to acquire teaching skills as well as skills to deal with the social environment, in which emotional stability plays an important role being a significant trait of personality. Keeping this in mind, the researcher has conducted a study to explore further about the emotional stability of trainee teachers studying in teacher training institutions in Seemanchal districts of Bihar, with respect to their academic stream, nature of institution, and gender. A standardized tool developed by Singh and Kumar (2009) was used to collect the data on seven major traits of emotional stability, i.e., Self-Esteem, Happiness, Anxiety, Obsessiveness, Independence, Hypochondria and Guilt. The researcher found in the study that nature of institution is not a significant contributor for the development of emotional stability. Gender-wise also, there is no significant difference in the emotional stability. The emotional stability differs significantly among the trainee teachers from different academic backgrounds, i.e., science, social science and humanities.
Pulse lavage in lower limb arthroplasty: awash with carbon saving opportunities
Authors: Brennan Caitlin 
Published: April 2024

Introduction
Pulse lavage is used in cemented orthopaedic procedures to prepare the bone bed, improve fixation strength at the bone-cement interface, and reduce the risk of bone cement implantation syndrome. We sought to calculate the approximate carbon cost of battery-operated pulse lavage in Scotland for the year 2022.

Methods
We used data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project and Scottish Hip Fracture Audit to establish the number of primary hip replacements, knee replacements, and hip hemiarthroplasty procedures performed in 2022. We modelled the standard uses of eight AA batteries (at 23g each) per case. To calculate the carbon footprint associated we used the ‘UK Government GHG conversion factors dataset’ to calculate the carbon footprint in material use (materials, manufacture, and transport) and disposal.

Results
Data from the Scottish Arthroplasty Project and Scottish Hip Fracture Audit established that 11,175 primary hip or knee replacements and 4,036 hip hemiarthroplasty procedures were performed in 2022. Therefore, around 15,000 pulse lavage units were used in primary lower limb arthroplasty. If each case had utilised a system which uses eight AA batteries (at 23g each) then 120,000 batteries equating to 2.76 tonnes, would have been used. The carbon footprint for material use (2.76 x 4633.48 = 12788.40) and for disposal (2.76 x 8.883 = 24.52) demonstrates a total carbon footprint of 12,813KgCO2 associated with the use of disposable batteries in pulse lavage for the year 2022.
Conclusions
Single-use, disposable battery use in orthopaedic joint surgery creates at a high but preventable carbon burden. Reuseable alternatives which utilise the power tool to drive the motor for pulse lavage may save up to 55% of clinical waste.
Improving efficiency in nitrous oxide hospital supply systems to aim towards a carbon neutral NHS Wales
Authors: Nicholson L , Timoney R , Evans R 
Published: April 2024

Background: Nitrous oxide (N20) is a greenhouse gas with a global warming potential of 280 times that of carbon dioxide. This project aims to identify potential nitrous leak and reduce the waste of N20 in Glangwili Hospital, a small district general hospital in South Wales.

Methods: British Oxygen Company (BOC) supplied us with data on how much N20 was supplied to, and returned from, the hospital between 2021-2022. Data was collected from the anaesthetic machines over a period of three months, looking at the consumption of N20. A leak test of the piped nitrous system was performed during which no nitrous was used. Lastly, anaesthetists were surveyed on their practice with regards to N20.

Results: On average, Glangwili purchased 54,000L of N20 per month and consumed 2109L, a usage of 3.9%. The leak test identified a leak of 1.3L/min. From the survey of local anaesthetists, 80% of respondents state they use N20 only four times a year or less.

Conclusion: This project has identified that 96% of the N20 purchased does not reach the patient. These findings are consistent with results from Cardiff and Vale University Health board, where a similar project was performed, and other audits across the United Kingdom. These results should encourage other health boards, including smaller hospitals, to investigate the efficiency of their N20 supply, as significant gains could be made in our steps towards carbon neutrality.
Effect of Soil and Foliar Application of Humic Acid on Nutrient Uptake, Grain and Straw Yield of Black Gram (Vigna mungo L.) under Inceptisols
Authors: Vinod Shendare Dinesh , Ramrao Hanwate Gautam , Madhukar Khade Pradip , Vyankatrao Kale Swati , Prakashrao Thakare Shreyash 
Published: April 2024

Black gram is a type of legume that is widely cultivated and consumed in various parts of the world. It is believed to have originated in the Indian subcontinent and is one of the oldest cultivated legumes in the world. The field experiment was carried out to during kharif season of the year 2022 at departmental farm of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, Latur. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments viz., T1 (RDF), T2 (RDF + Foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2 % at 20 & 35 DAS), T3 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 10 kg ha-1), T4 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 15 kg ha-1), T5 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1), T6 (T3 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 & 35 DAS), T7 (T4 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 & 35 DAS), T8 (T5 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 & 35 DAS). The field study indicated that the nutrient uptake and content and grain and straw yield of black gram crop were significantly influenced due to soil and foliar application of humic acid and RDF. The uptake of N, P and K were recorded at harvest. Significant and maximum uptake of N, P and K were noticed with application of treatment T8 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1+ foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS), whereas the T1 (RDF) showed least values. grain and straw yield significantly affected due to T8 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS) and the lowest grain and straw yield were recorded in T1 (RDF). Thus, it can be concluded that the soil and foliar application of humic acid increase the nutrient uptake and grain and straw yield. The significantly superior result recorded by treatment T8 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 20 kg ha-1 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS) next to this treatment T7 (RDF + soil application of humic acid @ 10 kg ha-1 + foliar application of humic acid @ 0.2% at 20 and 35 DAS) was best option. The significant increase in grain and straw yield of black gram was due to application of RDF with soil and foliar application of humic acid which mitigates scarcity, increased absorption effectively and increased photosynthetic activity which leads to higher grain and straw yield.
Uniform Estimates on Length of Programs and Computing Algorithmic Complexities for Quantitative Information Measures
Authors: Verma Rohit Kumar , Laxmi M. Bhagya 
Published: April 2024

Shannon entropy and Kolmogorov complexity are two conceptually distinct information metrics since the latter is based on probability distributions while the former is based on program size. All recursive probability distributions, however, are known to have an expected Up to a constant that solely depends on the distribution, the Kolmogorov complexity value is equal to its Shannon entropy. We investigate if a comparable correlation exists between Renyi and Havrda- Charvat Entropy entropies order α, indicating that it is consistent solely with Renyi and Havrda- Charvat entropies of order 1.
Kolmogorov noted that the characteristics of Shannon entropy and algorithmic complexity are comparable. We examine a single facet of this resemblance. Specifically, linear inequalities that hold true for Shannon entropy and for Kolmogorov complexity. As it happens, the following are true: (1) all linear inequalities that hold true for Shannon entropy and vice versa for Kolmogorov complexity; (2) all linear inequalities that hold true for ranks of finite subsets of linear spaces for Shannon entropy; and (3) the reverse is untrue.
Highly Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Direct Aldol Reactions Promoted by Water‐Compatible Organocatalysts Bearing Central and Axial Chiral Elements
Authors: Peng Fang‐Zhi , Shao Zhi‐Hui , Pu Xue‐Wei , Zhang Hong‐Bin 
Published: August 2008

AbstractTwo novel bifunctional primary amine catalysts 1 (RA,S,S) and 2 (RA,R,R), which bear both central and axial chiral elements, have been developed to promote highly diastereoselective and enantioselective aldol reactions of arylaldehydes with cyclic and acyclic ketones in the presence of water at room temperature. The catalyst 2 (RA,R,R) afforded the desired products with high levels of anti diastereoselectivity (up to 99:1) and enantioselectivity (up to 98%), showing that the two chiral elements of catalyst 2 (RA,R,R) are matched, and enhance the stereochemical control. In addition, the catalyst 2 (RA,R,R) was found to catalyze the direct aldol reaction of 4‐nitrobenzaldehyde with 2‐cyclohexanone under neat reaction conditions at room temperature with the high anti diastereoselectivity (98:2) and enantioselectivity (98%).
Positive association between SAT‐1 −1415T/C polymorphism and anxiety
Authors: Vaquero‐Lorenzo Concepción , Riaza Bermudo‐Soriano Carlos , Perez‐Rodriguez M. Mercedes , Diaz‐Hernandez Montserrat , López‐Castromán Jorge , Fernandez‐Piqueras Jose , Saiz‐Ruiz Jeronimo , Baca‐Garcia Enrique 
Published: August 2008

AbstractLimbic glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders. Polyamines modulate the activity of several ionotropic glutamate receptors and have been involved in the regulation of fear‐conditioning response. Spermidine/spermine N1‐acetyltransferase (SSAT‐1) is the main enzyme regulating polyamine catabolism. The aim of the present study was to examine the association between anxiety disorders and the −1415T/C (rs1960264) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the gene (SAT1) coding for SSAT‐1. A case–control design was used in order to compare the genotypes for the −1415T/C (rs1960264) SNP between anxiety patients (n = 218), other non‐anxiety psychiatric patients (n = 362), and healthy controls (n = 251). DSM‐IV diagnoses were provided using MINI 4.4. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples collected from participants. In males, there was a significant difference in the distribution of the two genotypes (T and C) for the SAT‐1 −1415T/C SNP between anxiety patients, non‐anxiety psychiatric controls, and healthy controls. The T genotype was significantly more frequent in males suffering from anxiety disorders than in male psychiatric controls and healthy controls. This is the first study linking polymorphic variants of genes involved in polyamine metabolism with anxiety disorders. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis is associated with MUNC13‐4 polymorphisms
Authors: Zhang Kejian , Biroschak Jennifer , Glass David N. , Thompson Susan D. , Finkel Terri , Passo Murray H. , Binstadt Bryce A. , Filipovich Alexandra , Grom Alexei A. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveSystemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is associated with macrophage activation syndrome. Macrophage activation syndrome bears a close resemblance to familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). The development of familial HLH has been recently associated with mutations in MUNC13‐4. The purpose of this study was to assess for possible sequence alterations in MUNC13‐4 in patients with systemic JIA/macrophage activation syndrome.MethodsThe MUNC13‐4 sequence was analyzed in 18 unrelated patients with systemic JIA/macrophage activation syndrome, using 32 primer pair sets designed to amplify the 32 exons and at least 100 basepairs of the adjacent intronic regions. DNA samples obtained from 73 unrelated patients with systemic JIA and no history of macrophage activation syndrome and 229 unrelated healthy individuals were used as controls.ResultsThe biallelic sequence variants in MUNC13‐4 reported in familial HLH were present in 2 of the 18 patients with JIA/macrophage activation syndrome. Further analysis of the MUNC13‐4 sequences revealed an identical combination of 12 single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 9 of the remaining 16 patients with systemic JIA/macrophage activation syndrome (56%). Additional analysis suggested that these 12 SNPs (154[−19] g>a, 261[+26] c>g, 388[+81] g>a, 388[+122] c>t, 570[−60] t>g, 888 G>C, 1389[+36] g>a, 1992[+5] g>a, 2447[+144] c>t, 2599 A>G, 2830[+37] c>g, 3198 A>G) were inherited as an extended haplotype. In several patients, in addition to the described haplotype, there were other SNPs in the second allele of MUNC13‐4. Moreover, 1 patient had a complex mutation with 2 changes, 2542 A>C and 2943 G>C, in a cis configuration. The haplotype was present in only 27 (12%) of 229 healthy control subjects (χ2 = 23.5) and in 6 (8.2%) of 73 patients with systemic JIA and no history of macrophage activation syndrome.ConclusionThe data suggest an association between MUNC13‐4 polymorphisms and macrophage activation syndrome in patients with systemic JIA.
The relationship between plasma microparticles and disease manifestations in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Guiducci Serena , Distler Jörg H. W. , Jüngel Astrid , Huscher Dörte , Huber Lars C. , Michel Beat A. , Gay Renate E. , Pisetsky David S. , Gay Steffen , Matucci‐Cerinic Marco , Distler Oliver 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveMicroparticles are small, membrane‐coated vesicles that can serve as novel signaling structures between cells. The aim of the present study was to analyze the profile of microparticles in the blood of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma) and healthy controls.MethodsThe study population consisted of 37 patients with SSc and 15 healthy subjects of comparable sex and age. Microparticles were isolated from plasma by high‐speed differential centrifugation. Microparticles were stained with monoclonal antibodies against cell type–specific markers and were quantified by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analyses.ResultsThe total number of microparticles was strongly increased in patients with SSc compared with healthy controls (mean ± SEM 88.0 ± 4.8 × 105 microparticles/ml plasma versus 42.3 ± 9.4 × 105 microparticles/ml plasma; P < 0.001). Similarly, significant increases were found for microparticles derived from platelets, endothelial cells, monocytes, and T cells, reflecting the activation of these cells in SSc. Platelets were the most common source of microparticles in the blood of patients with SSc (66.9 ± 5.2% of all microparticles) and healthy donors, followed by microparticles derived from endothelial cells (8.8 ± 0.9% in SSc patients). The modified Rodnan skin thickness score (MRSS) was inversely correlated with the total number of microparticles. Furthermore, patients with cutaneous ulcers showed a significantly lower total number of microparticles. In multivariate analysis, an additive model of age, C‐reactive protein, MRSS, and subtype of disease accounted for 55% of the variability of the total microparticle count (r = 0.744).ConclusionThe number of microparticles from different cellular sources is increased in the blood of SSc patients. Considering their role as important mediators of intercellular communication, microparticles could be a novel link between activated cellular compartments in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Increased expression of matrilin‐3 not only in osteoarthritic articular cartilage but also in cartilage‐forming tumors, and down‐regulation of SOX9 via epidermal growth factor domain 1–dependent signaling
Authors: Vincourt Jean‐Baptiste , Vignaud Jean‐Michel , Lionneton Frédéric , Sirveaux François , Kawaki Harumi , Marchal Sophie , Lomazzi Sandra , Plénat François , Guillemin François , Netter Patrick , Takigawa Masaharu , Mainard Didier , Magdalou Jacques 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo identify regulators of the cartilaginous phenotype, on the basis of their differential expression in human conventional chondrogenic tumors compared with articular cartilage.MethodsDifferential proteomics analysis revealed matrilin‐3 (MATN3) as a candidate regulator of the cartilaginous phenotype. Its capacity to modulate gene expression was investigated in human HCS‐2/8 chondrosarcoma cells and transfected chondrocytes, using cell culture fractionation, reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot analyses.ResultsIncreased expression of the cartilage‐specific matrix protein MATN3 was specifically observed in enchondromas and conventional chondrosarcomas. A substantial fraction of MATN3 was found in cytoplasmic structures of tumor cells, as demonstrated by immunohistochemistry. Analyses of intracellular MATN3 revealed that it corresponded to an imperfectly maturated MATN3 polypeptide, both in HCS‐2/8 human chondrosarcoma cells and in transfected human chondrocytes. Moderately increased expression of MATN3 resulted in its intracellular retention. Antibody‐mediated blockade of soluble, extracellular MATN3 in HCS‐2/8 cell cultures resulted in increased expression of MATN3 and the chondrogenic transcription factor SOX9. Conversely, increased ectopic expression of MATN3 resulted in decreased expression of MATN3 and SOX9 in primary chondrocytes, while a mutant MATN3 lacking its first epidermal growth factor (EGF)–like domain failed to down‐regulate SOX9.ConclusionAberrant expression and processing of MATN3 are hallmarks of conventional cartilaginous neoplasms. A particular step in the maturation of MATN3 limits its processing through the secretion machinery, resulting in its intracellular accumulation upon increased expression. Soluble, secreted MATN3, however, down‐regulates SOX9 at the messenger RNA and protein levels. The first EGF‐like domain of MATN3 is a critical determinant of its regulatory activity toward SOX9. These activities of MATN3 suggest that its increased expression in osteoarthritis might contribute to the degeneration of articular cartilage.
Promotion of articular cartilage matrix vesicle mineralization by type I collagen
Authors: Jubeck Brian , Gohr Claudia , Fahey Mark , Muth Emily , Matthews Michele , Mattson Eric , Hirschmugl Carol , Rosenthal Ann K. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractObjectiveCalcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) and basic calcium phosphate (BCP) crystals occur in up to 60% of osteoarthritic joints and predict an increased severity of arthritis. Articular cartilage vesicles (ACVs) generate CPPD crystals in the presence of ATP and BCP crystals with added β‐glycerophosphate. While ACVs are present in normal articular cartilage, they mineralize primarily in cartilage from osteoarthritic joints. The aim of this study was to explore the hypothesis that ACV mineralization is regulated by components of the surrounding extracellular matrix.MethodsPorcine ACVs were embedded in agarose gels containing type II and/or type I collagen and/or proteoglycans. Mineralization was measured as 45Ca accumulation stimulated by ATP or β‐glycerophosphate and reflects both nucleation and growth. Synthetic CPPD and BCP crystals were embedded in similar gels to isolate the effect of matrix components on crystal growth.ResultsAfter establishing baseline responsiveness of ACVs to ATP and β‐glycerophosphate in agarose gels, we examined the ability of ATP and β‐glycerophosphate to stimulate mineral formation in gels containing various matrix components. Type II collagen suppressed the ability of ATP to stimulate mineralization, while a combination of type II plus type I collagen increased the effect of ATP and β‐glycerophosphate on mineralization. Type I collagen affected ACV mineralization in a dose‐responsive manner. Neither type of collagen significantly affected crystal growth or levels of mineralization‐regulating enzymes. Proteoglycans suppressed mineral formation by ACVs in gels containing both type I and type II collagen.ConclusionCartilage matrix changes that occur with osteoarthritis, such as increased quantities of type I collagen and reduced proteoglycan levels, may promote ACV mineralization.