bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Revolutionizing contact lens manufacturing: exploring cutting-edge techniques and innovations for enhanced vision and comfort
Authors: Shaker Lina M , Al-Amiery Ahmed , Isahak Wan Nor Roslam Wan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This review paper delves into the advancements and innovations revolutionizing contact lens (CL) manufacturing, focusing on techniques and technologies aimed at improving vision quality and wearer comfort. The article begins by tracing the evolution of CL fabrication techniques, paying homage to Leonardo da Vinci’s early contributions. It then discusses traditional methods such as lathe-cutting, spincasting, molded lens fabrication, and the recent advent of 3D printing in CL production. The review further explores advanced CL designs, including spherical, aspheric, toric, and bifocal/multifocal CLs, highlighting their specific applications and benefits. Material innovations in lens manufacturing are examined, with an emphasis on silicone hydrogel CL, hybrid lenses combining different materials, and the development of biocompatible and gas-permeable (GP) materials. Evaluation of optical design efficiency is another crucial aspect covered in this paper, encompassing visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, through-focus curves, reading performance, peripheral refraction, and patient-reported outcomes for quality of vision. Additionally, the role of nanotechnology and surface modifications in enhancing lens properties is explored, along with advances in lens coating and surface treatments, including antimicrobial and UV protection coatings. Nanocomposites of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and TiO2 showed refractive indices between 1.52 and 1.59, while combining TiO2 NPs with poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) yielded values ranging from 1.47 to 1.53. PGMA-TiO2 nanocomposites exhibited refractive indices between 1.47 and 1.50. Furthermore, nanocomposites of PVP-PVA-Ag with silver (Ag) NPs achieved higher refractive indices within the range of 1.45 to 1.49. This article concludes by discussing the challenges and future directions in CL manufacturing, focusing on addressing lens discomfort, improving oxygen permeability and moisture retention, and enhancing manufacturing efficiency and scalability. Overall, this review offers valuable insights into the cutting-edge techniques and innovations transforming CL production and paving the way for improved vision correction and wearer satisfaction.
Theoretical analysis of R1234yf and R1234yf/R125 mixture as replacement of R134a in vapor compression system
Authors: Lin Yongmei , Meng Zhaofeng , Huo Ziheng , Ding Chuangchuang , Wang Song , Wang Longji 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
In this article, in order to reduce the climate hazards caused by global warming, a new environmentally friendly mixed refrigerant, R1234yf/R125 (with a mass ratio of 95:5), is introduced. Alongside R1234yf, the article conducts theoretical research to assess the feasibility of substituting R134a in vapor compression systems. The results show that coefficient of performance (COP) and compressor discharge temperatures of R1234yf and R1234yf/R125 are ~5.5% and 11°C lower than those of R134a, respectively. The volumetric cooling capacity of R1234yf is on average 8% smaller than that of R134a. The volumetric cooling capacity of R1234yf/R125 is similar to that of R134a, making it highly suitable for direct charging. R1234yf/R125 is basically nonflammable, with a minimal temperature glide, ozone depletion potential of 0 and a global warming potential of 144. It adheres to F-gas regulations and serves as an outstanding replacement for R134a.
Hyperglycemia amplifies TLR-mediated inflammatory response of M(IL4) macrophages to dyslipidemic ligands
Authors: Badillo-Garcia Luis Ernesto , Liu Quan , Ziebner Kim , Balduff Michael , Sevastyanova Tatyana , Schmuttermaier Christina , Klüter Harald , Harmsen Martin , Kzhyshkowska Julia 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Hyperglycemia is critical for initiation of diabetic vascular complications. We systemically addressed the role of hyperglycemia in the regulation of TLRs in primary human macrophages. Expression of TLRs (1–9) was examined in monocyte-derived M(NC), M(IFNγ), and M(IL4) differentiated in normoglycemic and hyperglycemic conditions. Hyperglycemia increased expression of TLR1 and TLR8 in M(NC), TLR2 and TLR6 in M(IFNγ), and TLR4 and TLR5 in M(IL4). The strongest effect of hyperglycemia in M(IL4) was the upregulation of the TLR4 gene and protein expression. Hyperglycemia amplified TLR4-mediated response of M(IL4) to lipopolysaccharide by significantly enhancing IL1β and modestly suppressing IL10 production. In M(IL4), hyperglycemia in combination with synthetic triacylated lipopeptide (TLR1/TLR2 ligand) amplified expression of TLR4 and production of IL1β. In summary, hyperglycemia enhanced the inflammatory potential of homeostatic, inflammatory, and healing macrophages by increasing specific profiles of TLRs. In combination with dyslipidemic ligands, hyperglycemia can stimulate a low-grade inflammatory program in healing macrophages supporting vascular diabetic complications.
The immune status of migrant populations in Europe and implications for vaccine-preventable disease control: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cherri Zeinab , Lau Karen , Nellums Laura B , Himmels Jan , Deal Anna , McGuire Emma , Mounier-Jack Sandra , Norredam Marie , Crawshaw Alison , Carter Jessica , Seedat Farah , Clemente Nuria Sanchez , Bouaddi Oumnia , Friedland Jon S , Edelstein Michael , Hargreaves Sally 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background
Ensuring vaccination coverage reaches established herd immunity thresholds (HITs) is the cornerstone of any vaccination programme. Diverse migrant populations in European countries have been associated with cases of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and outbreaks, yet it is not clear to what extent they are an under-immunized group.

Methods
We did a systematic review and meta-analysis to synthesize peer-reviewed published primary research reporting data on the immune status of migrants in EU/EEA countries, the UK and Switzerland, calculating their pooled immunity coverage for measles, mumps, rubella and diphtheria using random-effects models. We searched on Web of Science, Embase, Global Health and MEDLINE (1 January 2000 to 10 June 2022), with no language restrictions. The protocol is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42018103666).

Findings
Of 1103 abstracts screened, 62 met eligibility criteria, of which 39 were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis included 75 089 migrants, predominantly from outside Europe. Pooled immunity coverage among migrant populations was well below the recommended HIT for diphtheria (n = 7, 57.4% [95% confidence interval (CI): 43.1–71.7%] I2 = 99% vs HIT 83–86%), measles (n = 21, 83.7% [95% CI: 79.2–88.2] I2 = 99% vs HIT 93–95%) and mumps (n = 8, 67.1% [95% CI: 50.6–83.6] I2 = 99% vs HIT 88–93%) and midway for rubella (n = 29, 85.6% [95% CI: 83.1–88.1%] I2 = 99% vs HIT 83–94%), with high heterogeneity across studies.

Interpretation
Migrants in Europe are an under-immunized group for a range of important VPDs, with this study reinforcing the importance of engaging children, adolescents and adults in ‘catch-up’ vaccination initiatives on arrival for vaccines, doses and boosters they may have missed in their home countries. Co-designing strategies to strengthen catch-up vaccination across the life course in under-immunized groups is an important next step if we are to meet European and global targets for VPD elimination and control and ensure vaccine equity.
Conserved structures and dynamics in 5′-proximal regions of Betacoronavirus RNA genomes
Authors: de Moura Tales Rocha , Purta Elżbieta , Bernat Agata , Martín-Cuevas Eva M , Kurkowska Małgorzata , Baulin Eugene F , Mukherjee Sunandan , Nowak Jakub , Biela Artur P , Rawski Michał , Glatt Sebastian , Moreno-Herrero Fernando , Bujnicki Janusz M 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Betacoronaviruses are a genus within the Coronaviridae family of RNA viruses. They are capable of infecting vertebrates and causing epidemics as well as global pandemics in humans. Mitigating the threat posed by Betacoronaviruses requires an understanding of their molecular diversity. The development of novel antivirals hinges on understanding the key regulatory elements within the viral RNA genomes, in particular the 5′-proximal region, which is pivotal for viral protein synthesis. Using a combination of cryo-electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, chemical probing, and computational modeling, we determined the structures of 5′-proximal regions in RNA genomes of Betacoronaviruses from four subgenera: OC43-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and Rousettus bat-CoV. We obtained cryo-electron microscopy maps and determined atomic-resolution models for the stem-loop-5 (SL5) region at the translation start site and found that despite low sequence similarity and variable length of the helical elements it exhibits a remarkable structural conservation. Atomic force microscopy imaging revealed a common domain organization and a dynamic arrangement of structural elements connected with flexible linkers across all four Betacoronavirus subgenera. Together, these results reveal common features of a critical regulatory region shared between different Betacoronavirus RNA genomes, which may allow targeting of these RNAs by broad-spectrum antiviral therapeutics.
Hyperkalemia treatment standard
Authors: Palmer Biff F , Clegg Deborah J 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT
Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disturbance in both inpatient and outpatient clinical practice. The severity and associated risk depends on the underlying cause and rate of potassium (K+) increase. Acute hyperkalemia requires immediate attention due to potentially life-threatening manifestations resulting from the rapid increase in plasma K+ concentration. Treatment is initially focused on stabilizing the cardiac membrane, followed by maneuvers to shift K+ into the cells, and ultimately initiating strategies to decrease total body K+ content. Chronic hyperkalemia develops over a more extended period of time and manifestations tend to be less severe. Nevertheless, the disorder is not benign since chronic hyperkalemia is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The approach to patients with chronic hyperkalemia begins with a review of medications potentially responsible for the disorder, ensuring effective diuretic therapy and correcting metabolic acidosis if present. The practice of restricting foods high in K+ to manage hyperkalemia is being reassessed since the evidence supporting the effectiveness of this strategy is lacking. Rather, dietary restriction should be more nuanced, focusing on reducing the intake of nonplant sources of K+. Down-titration and/or discontinuation of renin–angiotensin–aldosterone inhibitors should be discouraged since these drugs improve outcomes in patients with heart failure and proteinuric kidney disease. In addition to other conservative measures, K+ binding drugs and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors can assist in maintaining the use of these drugs.
On a class of nonlinear isotropic Thermo-elastic body that is non-green elastic: applications to large elastic deformations
Authors: Bustamante R , Shariff M H B M 
Published: March 2024

Summary
A new class of constitutive equation is proposed for isotropic thermoelastic solids, wherein the Hencky strain tensor is assumed to be a function of the Cauchy stress tensor, via a Gibbs potential. The solid is assumed to be incompressible in the referential state, but the volume can change due to differences in the temperature relative to a reference temperature. The change in volume only depends on temperature. Some restrictions are found for the Gibbs potential, resulting in a constitutive equation for isotropic solids, wherein the volume depends on temperature. Using the resulting constitutive equation, some boundary value problems are studied, considering some relatively simple distributions for the temperature, deformations and stresses.
Proprietary claims by constructive trustees
Authors: Adams Paul 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
If a fraudster obtains money by deceit, breach of trust or breach of fiduciary duty and seeks to launder that money by passing it through a chain of companies, the victim of the fraud will generally have an equitable proprietary claim to the proceeds in the hands of the ultimate recipient. But what of the companies involved in laundering the money? If they are put into liquidation, can they, by their liquidators, also make a proprietary claim to the proceeds? The answer to this question may be important, particularly in complex fraud litigation where the identity of the claimant can have far-reaching substantive, jurisdictional and tactical consequences.
The Impact of Intersectional Discrimination and Stigma on HIV Care for African, Caribbean, and Black Women Living With HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic in British Columbia: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Ojukwu Emmanuela , Hirani Saima , Sotindjo Tatiana , McKay Emily , Okedo-Alex Ijeoma , Magagula Patience , Pashaei Ava , Agudosi Ginikachukwu Marylinda 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
African, Caribbean, and Black women living with HIV (ACB WWH) in British Columbia experience discrimination on the basis of their race, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, and HIV status. The various forms of stigma that ACB WWH experience intersect to create a uniquely marginalized experience that has negative consequences for quality of life and overall well-being. Eighteen semistructured interviews were completed with ACB WWH in British Columbia. Interviews were conducted by phone, Zoom, or in-person at the participant's request. Participants consistently reported experiences of various forms of discrimination. There was additional stigmatization due to COVID-19 pandemic that negatively influenced the lives of ACB WWH. Interventions and resources are needed to support ACB WWH in navigating how to work through the multifaceted impacts of intersectional stigmatization. Efforts are needed to identify ways to continue the delivery of resources like social support groups throughout future pandemics.
Recent developments in occupational asthma
Authors: Blouin Claudia , Lemière Catherine 
Published: February 2024

Purpose of review
Occupational asthma (OA) is a complex condition that can be difficult to diagnose. The purpose of this review is to describe some recent findings regarding the epidemiology of OA, the occupational sensitizing agents, the prognosis of OA, and its primary prevention.

Recent findings
The risk of developing OA varies according to the geographic localization of the worker, the type of industry and the type of sensitizing agents. New findings have been reported for several known sensitizing agents, such as isocyanates, seafood & cleaning agents, and their related industries, such as hairdressing salons and schools. Moreover, a few new sensitizing agents, such as cannabis, have been identified in the past few years. The prognosis of OA seems worse than that of nonwork-related asthma. It is mainly determined by the duration and the level of exposure. Primary prevention is crucial to reduce the number of new cases of OA. Complete avoidance of exposure to the causal agent remains the optimal treatment of sensitizer-induced OA.

Summary
Improving our knowledge regarding OA and its causative agents is key to enable an early recognition of this condition and improve its prognosis. Further research is still needed to improve primary prevention.
Effect of increasing age and ureteral stent implantation on urinary tract infections after kidney transplantation – update of recent literature
Authors: Omic Haris , Eder Michael 
Published: March 2024

Purpose of review
This review aims to present the recent literature regarding effects of aging and ureteral stent implantation (UrS) on the risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in kidney transplant (KTX) recipients.

Recent findings
UTIs in kidney transplant recipients remain a clinical challenge and represent a leading cause of morbidity, hospitalization rates, and mortality. Higher age was described as a significant risk factor for UTIs in several studies including a recent Brazilian analysis, indicating a 3.6%/years of age increase in UTI risk. Subsequently, a large meta-analysis, published in 2023, confirmed the correlation between older age and elevated UTI risk. The Swiss Transplant Cohort Study in 2022, largest of its kind, similarly confirmed a link between advanced age and heightened risk of recurrent UTIs in KTX. A recent prospective study highlighted UrS placement as a modifiable risk factor, emphasizing the need for careful consideration and antibiotic prophylaxis. Additionally, the type of stents played a crucial role, with external stents associated with a 1.69 times higher UTI risk. The challenge of determining optimal UrS removal timing further complicates posttransplant care, with insufficient evidence to guide practices.

Summary
The aging population of KTX recipients requires a personalized approach to effectively reduce and manage UTIs as one of the most important complications following KTX. Prophylactic stent implantation is successful in lowering ureteral complications, however, is associated with an increased incidence of UTIs. To reduce the increased risk of UTIs, the length of stent insertion requires strict supervision and maintenance.
An unusual association between Burkitt’s lymphoma and a Carcinoid tumor in a Syrian boy: a rare case report
Authors: Kherbek Haidara , Hinawi Marah , Layka Khedr , Hleibieh Yana , Jaber Khawla , Jaber Roukaya , Alshehabi Zuheir 
Published: March 2024

Introduction:
Burkitt’s lymphoma (BL), an aggressive kind of non-Hodgkin’s B-cell lymphoma. On the other hand, appendiceal carcinoid tumors are uncommon neuroendocrine neoplasms.

Case presentation:
The authors report a case of a 15-year-old Syrian adolescent who was admitted to our hospital due to a persistent, severe generalized abdomen pain accompanied by nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, and inability to pass stool or gas. An abdominal radiograph revealed dilated intestinal loops with air-fluid levels. The patient underwent emergency surgery through which a retroperitoneal mass was removed as well as part of the ileum and the appendix. The final diagnosis was consistent with intestinal BL associated with an appendiceal carcinoid tumor.

Discussion:
The correlation between gastrointestinal carcinoids and other types of tumors was frequently reported. However, there have been few reports of carcinoid tumors being associated with lymphoreticular system cancers. BLs were classified into three variants: endemic, sporadic, and acquired immunodeficiency-associated BL while appendiceal neuroendocrine tumors were classified as the following: well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors with benign or uncertain malignant potential; well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma with low malignant potential; and mixed exocrine-neuroendocrine carcinoma.

Conclusion:
Our article demonstrates an unusual association between BL and an appendiceal carcinoid tumor that highlights the significant role of histological and immunohistochemical staining in confirming the diagnosis, as well as the role of surgery in treating the complications of intestinal BLs.
Pseudoulnar palsy with concurrent wrist drop: case report
Authors: Hershfeld Benjamin , Wolin Sydney , Echevarria Alexandra C. , Dauer Jan H. 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Pseudoulnar palsy, characterized by weakness in the 4th and 5th digits, is a condition typically attributed to infarction of the medial aspect of the precentral gyrus’s “hand knob.” This anatomical site is located in the primary motor cortex of the brain, in the posterior lobe of the frontal cortex. This report presents a novel case of pseudoulnar nerve palsy in conjunction with wrist drop stemming from an infarction of the hand knob gyrus.

Case Presentation:
A 78-year-old female with hypertension and hyperlipidemia experienced sudden right wrist weakness and impaired mobility in her 4th and 5th digits. Clinical examinations, including neuroimaging, supported the diagnosis of an infarction in the medial precentral gyrus. Brain MRI confirmed the diagnosis of an acute infarction in the medial precentral gyrus. The patient was treated with enoxaparin, aspirin, and dexamethasone, and was discharged after symptom improvement.

Clinical Discussion:
Unlike the classical presentations, this case highlights the co-occurrence of ulnar and radial deficits following a unique infarction pattern. The distinct presentation of right pseudoulnar palsy with wrist drop was caused by an infarction at the level of the medial aspect of the hand knob.

Conclusion:
This case underscores the importance of considering the central causes of peripheral-like deficits, especially in older individuals with vascular risk factors, emphasizing the significance of early intervention in mitigating potential long-term consequences. This report contributes to the evolving understanding of central neurological presentations, and serves as a reminder of the need for a comprehensive diagnostic approach.
Endovascular management of residual intracranial aneurysm after neurosurgical clipping: A case report
Authors: Phuyal Prakash , Shrestha Saloni , Phuyal Subash , Dhakal Bishal , Gautam Ashima , Yogi Nikunj 
Published: March 2024

Introduction and Importance:
Endovascular coiling can be used to treat residual intracranial aneurysms with prior neurosurgical clipping in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare subtype of stroke which can be life-threatening.

Case Presentation:
We herein report a case of successful management by endovascular coiling of residual intracranial aneurysm post-surgical clipping in a 60-year-old male who was previously diagnosed as diffuse Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) Fisher grade 4. On examination, He had a Glasgow Coma Scale 14/15 with verbal confusion present and was hypertensive.

Clinical Discussion:
Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare and serious type of stroke and may result in dependency. Endovascular coiling can be used to treat residual intracranial aneurysms with prior neurosurgical clipping. It further helps in decreasing dependency and mortality.

Conclusion:
Endovascular coiling is a good treatment option for patients who have undergone neurosurgical clipping as their prior surgical attempt in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. An endovascular approach may further lead to a better prognosis.