bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Risk Stratification for Heart Failure and Death in an Acute Coronary Syndrome Population Using Inflammatory Cytokines and N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide
Authors: Kavsak Peter A , Ko Dennis T , Newman Alice M , Palomaki Glenn E , Lustig Viliam , MacRae Andrew R , Jaffe Allan S 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Background: Inflammation in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) can identify those at greater long-term risks for heart failure (HF) and death. The present study assessed the performance of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) (cytokines involved in the activation and recruitment of leukocytes) in addition to known biomarkers [e.g., N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP)] for predicting HF and death in an ACS population.
Methods: In a cohort of 216 ACS patients, NT-proBNP (Elecsys®; Roche) and IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 (evidence investigator™; Randox) were measured in serial specimens collected early after symptom onset (n = 723). We collected at least 2 specimens from each participant: an early specimen (median 2 h; interquartile range 2–4 h) and a later specimen (9 h; 9–9 h), and used the later specimens’ biomarker concentrations for risk stratification.
Results: An increase in both IL-6 and NT-proBNP was observed but not for IL-8 or MCP-1 early after pain onset. Kaplan–Meier analysis demonstrated that individuals with increased NT-proBNP (&gt;183 ng/L) or cytokines (IL-6 &gt; 6.4 ng/L; above upper limit of normal for IL-8 or MCP-1) had a greater probability of death or HF in the following 8 years (P &lt;0.05). In a Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for both CRP and troponin I, increased IL-6, MCP-1, and NT-proBNP remained significant risk factors. Combining all 3 biomarkers resulted in a higher likelihood ratio for death or HF than models restricted to any 2 of these biomarkers.
Conclusion: IL-6, MCP-1, and NT-proBNP are independent predictors of long-term risk of death or HF, highlighting the importance of identifying leukocyte activation and recruitment in ACS patients.
Extended theatre composition in telematized environments
Authors: Petersen Kjell Yngve 
Published: October 2007

In the pursuit of a dramaturgy of telematics as a compositional practice, the author builds a position on technology as externalized technique, develops a dramaturgic strategy with notions of an extended theatre practice and reports on a realized telematized performance where a practical implementation was explored.The theatrical site is viewed as a construct of attention, generated by the performers through the performance composition. The composition determines the audience experience, orchestrated by how the construction of the site manages their perspectives, and how the performers are situated in the consciousness site of the audience.In the performed event the performers articulate as a collective extended entity, incorporating the transformation of the performance site via the articulation strategies implemented in the staging. Telematics is argued to be a technology facilitating specific modes of thinking, generating specific modes of actions and presence, which enable new performance sites and new modes of situating performance.
Evaluation of the First Mode of Vibration and Base Fixidity in Resonant-Column Testing
Authors: Khan Zahid H. , Cascante Giovanni , El-Naggar M. Hesham 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
In resonant column testing (ASTM standard), the shear strain distribution along the height of a specimen is assumed linear and fixed at the base. To investigate these assumptions, specimens of dry sand, mine tailings, and cemented sand are tested at different confinement and shear strain levels. The measured mode shapes for dry sands and mine tailings are linear at low and high strain levels; however, for a stiff cemented-sand specimen the first mode shape presents slippage at the end platens. Resonant frequencies decrease up to 50 % while the damping ratios increase up to 200 % because of this slippage. The coupling between the specimen and end-platens is enhanced using three different agents: gypsum cement, portland cement, and epoxy resin. The epoxy resin produces the best coupling, whereas portland and gypsum cements are effective only at low confinements and strain levels. Even after eliminating the slippage at the end-platens, the shear wave velocity of aluminum and PVC probes decreases with the increase in specimen stiffness because of the lack of base fixidity. To correct this apparent reduction, a new model and calibration procedure based on a two-degree-of-freedom system are proposed.
Estimation of Osmotic Suction from Electrical Conductivity and Water Content Measurements in Unsaturated Soils
Authors: Abedi-Koupai Jahangir , Mehdizadeh Hasan 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
Salt-affected soils are a common feature of an arid-zone landscape. Osmotic suction arises from the salt content in the soil pore fluid. In this research osmotic potential was obtained by measuring total and matric suction via the filter paper technique. The filter paper technique has been widely adopted for measuring soil water potential in the recent years and now is a U.S. standard.
One thousand and twenty samples of clay, silty clay loam, sandy clay loam, and loam having different levels of soil water content, between the field capacity (F.C.) and permanent wilting point (P.W.P.) defined as the soil water content below which plants wilt permanently, and ten levels of soil salinity were tested. The measuring tests were repeated three times and aimed at measuring the osmotic suction. By stepwise multiple regression analysis, four new empirical relations were obtained to estimate the osmotic suction as a function of soil water content and the electrical conductivity of saturation extracts (ECe).The results also indicate that the estimation of osmotic suction using the filter paper technique is inexpensive, relatively simple, and applicable to wide ranges of soil salinity.
Specimen Size Limitations inJ-RCurve Testing—Standards Versus Reality
Authors: Wallin Kim 
Published: October 2007

AbstractTesting standards contain limitations on allowable J and crack growth, related to specimen size. In the case of unirradiated pressure vessel steel, it is usually possible to extract specimens of sufficient size to allow a standard determination of the J-R curve. However, in the case of irradiated materials, especially irradiated internals, it is normally not possible to use specimens that would provide valid results according to the standard requirement. This raises the question as to the relevance of the standard requirements. The size requirements stem from the dawn of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. They have remained practically unchanged ever since, even though the understanding of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and ductile fracture has evolved considerably. In this paper, the state-of-art understanding of the ductile fracture process, and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics is combined with experimental test results to derive new more realistic size requirements for J-R curve testing. It is shown that a considerable relaxation of the standard requirements is possible without affecting the reliability of the test result. This enables an effective and reliable testing of irradiated materials and structures whose dimensions inhibit the extraction of large specimens.
MT1-MMP Expression in First-Trimester Placental Tissue Is Upregulated in Type 1 Diabetes as a Result of Elevated Insulin and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels
Authors: Hiden Ursula , Glitzner Elisabeth , Ivanisevic Marina , Djelmis Josip , Wadsack Christian , Lang Uwe , Desoye Gernot 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—In pregestational diabetes, the placenta at term of gestation is characterized by various structural and functional changes. Whether similar alterations occur in the first trimester has remained elusive. Placental development requires proper trophoblast invasion and tissue remodeling, processes involving matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of which the membrane-anchored members (MT-MMPs) such as MT1-MMPs are key players. Here, we hypothesize a dysregulation of placental MT1-MMP in the first trimester of type 1 diabetic pregnancies induced by the diabetic environment.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—MT1-MMP protein was measured in first-trimester placentas of healthy (n = 13) and type 1 diabetic (n = 13) women. To identify potential regulators, first-trimester trophoblasts were cultured under hyperglycemia and various insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations in presence or absence of signaling pathway inhibitors.
RESULTS—MT1-MMP was strongly expressed in first-trimester trophoblasts. In type 1 diabetes, placental pro–MT1-MMP was upregulated, whereas active MT1-MMP expression was only increased in late first trimester. In isolated primary trophoblasts, insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II, and TNF-α upregulated MT1-MMP expression, whereas glucose had no effect. The insulin effect was dependent on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, the IGF-I effect on mitogen-activated protein kinase, and the IGF-II effect on both.
CONCLUSIONS—This is the first study reporting alterations in the first-trimester placenta in type 1 diabetes. The upregulated MT1-MMP expression in type 1 diabetes may be the result of higher maternal insulin and TNF-α levels. We speculate that the elevated MT1-MMP will affect placental development and may thus contribute to long-term structural alterations in the placenta in pregestational diabetes.
Endothelial Dysfunction and C-Reactive Protein Are Risk Factors for Diabetes in Essential Hypertension
Authors: Perticone Francesco , Maio Raffele , Sciacqua Angela , Andreozzi Francesco , Iemma Giuseppina , Perticone Maria , Zoccali Carmine , Sesti Giorgio 
Published: October 2007

OBJECTIVE—Type 2 diabetes and essential hypertension are major risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. Endothelial dysfunction is an early step in the development of atherosclerosis and has been demonstrated in hypertensive and diabetic patients.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We designed this study to determine whether forearm endothelial dysfunction is an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes in patients with essential hypertension. We enrolled 400 white never-treated hypertensive outpatients, free of type 2 diabetes at the time of the first evaluation. Endothelium-dependent vasodilation was investigated by intra-arterial infusion of acetylcholine. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment.
RESULTS—During the follow-up (4.5 ± 1.6 years), 44 patients developed type 2 diabetes. The event rate was 2.4 events/100 patient-years. In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, the peak percentage increase in acetylcholine-stimulated forearm blood flow (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77 [95% CI 0.61–0.99]; P = 0.04) and C-reactive protein (1.16 [1.03–1.32]; P = 0.01) resulted in the only independent predictors of type 2 diabetes.
CONCLUSIONS—An impaired vasodilatory response to acetylcholine predicts development of type 2 diabetes in patients with essential hypertension. Present data also extend recent findings regarding a possible inflammatory pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and suggest a new approach in treatment of essential hypertension.
CO, Formic Acid, and Methanol Oxidation in Acid Electrolytes–Mechanisms and Electrocatalysis
Authors: Vielstich Wolf 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areScope of the ChapterBasic FactsThermodynamics, Open‐circuit PotentialsReaction PathwaysBifunctional Mechanism of Methanol OxidationOxidation ofCO, Formic Acid, and Methanol at Pt MetalsResults viaCVandMSCVCarbon Monoxide OxidationMethanol OxidationFormic Acid OxidationStudy of Adsorbates viaFTIRSCarbon MonoxideFormic AcidThe Anodic Maximum of Formic Acid Oxidation below 0.5VMethanolMetal Alloys and Binary Metal CatalystsCOOxidationOxidation of MethanolAd‐atom Effects on Formic Acid OxidationSurface Structure and Methanol ElectrocatalysisEx SituSTMImages Taken during Methanol Oxidation viaUHVTransferCurrent Decay at Smooth SurfacesRate‐determining Step of Methanol OxidationInstabilities – Oscillations during the Oxidation of Formic Acid, Methanol, and Carbon MonoxideGeneral Conditions for Electrochemical InstabilitiesPotential Oscillations during Formic Acid OxidationCurrent Oscillations during Methanol OxidationCurrent Oscillations duringCOOxidation at a Rotating DiscNonelectrochemical Pathway of Methanol Oxidation
Electrochemistry of Silicon Etching
Authors: Zhang X. Gregory 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionDissolution of SiliconFluoride SolutionsIn Alkaline SolutionsHydrogen EvolutionDissolution Kinetics and MechanismsReaction MechanismsA General ModelElementary StepsReaction PathsEtch Rates in Various SystemsGeneralIn Fluoride‐based SolutionsAbsence of OxidantsEffect of CrO3AdditionEffect of HNO3AdditionAddition of Other OxidantsAlkaline SolutionsKOH SolutionsReaction KineticsOther Inorganic SolutionsHydrazineOrganic SolutionsEDPSolutionsEtching ReactionsEthanolamineTetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide (TMAH)Etch Rate Reduction of Heavily Doped MaterialsMechanismAnisotropic EtchingRate‐Limiting ProcessMechanism of Anisotropic EtchingA General Model for both HF and KOH SolutionsBasic Features of Anisotropically Etched SurfacesSurface RoughnessMicroroughnessMacroroughnessCrystallographic Characters and Formation of HillocksOrigins of RoughnessApplications of EtchingCleaningRCACleaningDefect EtchingMaterial RemovalUniform Material RemovalSelective Material Removal
Electrosynthesis of Natural Products, Fine Chemicals, and Pharmaceuticals
Authors: Little R. Daniel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe sections in this article areIntroductionReductionElectrohydrocyclizationElectroreductive CyclizationReductive Cyclization of KetonitrilesReductive Cyclization of Pyridinium SaltsVitaminB12‐mediated CyclizationsOrganonickel and Organopalladium ReagentsOxidationKolbe OxidationArene Oxidations[5 + 2] Cycloadditions to Oxidized AromaticsOxidation at and Adjacent to NitrogenConcluding RemarksAcknowledgment
Mediated Electron‐transfer between Redox‐enzymes and Electrode Supports
Authors: Katz Eugenii , Shipway Andrew N. , Willner Itamar 
Published: October 2007

Abstract
The sections in this article are

Introduction

Electron‐transfer Provided by Diffusional Mediators

Dissolved Enzymes Activated by Diffusional Mediators

Monolayer‐ or Multilayer‐enzyme Electrodes Activated by Diffusional Mediators

Polymer‐ or Inorganic Matrix‐immobilized Enzymes Activated by Diffusional Mediators

The Electrical Contacting of Dissolved Enzymes at Mediator‐Functionalized Electrodes

Chiroselective Electron‐transfer‐mediated Biotransformations

Chiral Diffusional Electron‐transfer Mediators

Chiral Monolayer‐immobilized Electron‐transfer Mediators

The Electrical Contacting of Mediator‐modified Enzymes

Dissolved Redox Enzymes Functionalized with Electron‐transfer Mediators

Monolayer‐ and Multilayer‐enzyme Assemblies Functionalized with Electron‐transfer Mediators

Polymer‐ and Inorganic Matrix‐bound Enzymes Contacted by Coimmobilized Mediators

The Electrical Contacting of Enzymes in Mediator‐functionalized Polymers

The Electrical Contacting of Enzymes in Mediator‐functionalized Sol–gel Matrices

The Electrical Contacting of Enzymes in Mediator‐containing Graphite Paste Composites

The Electrical Contacting of
FAD
‐enzymes by Mediator‐functionalized
FAD

Electrical Contacting of Enzymes by Reconstitution of Apo‐flavoenzymes with Relay‐
FAD
Cofactor Units

Electrical Contacting of Enzymes by Surface‐reconstitution of Apo‐flavoenzymes on Relay‐
FAD
‐functionalized Electrodes

The Electrical Contacting of
NAD
(
P
)
+
‐dependent Enzymes

The Electrochemical Regeneration of
NAD
(
P
)
+
‐cofactors

The Electrochemical Regeneration of
NAD
(
P
)
H
‐cofactors

The Association of
NAD
(
P
)
+
‐dependent Enzymes with
NAD
(
P
)
+
Cofactors by Covalent and Entrapment Methods

The Integration of
NAD
(
P
)
+
‐dependent Enzymes with Monolayer Arrays of
NAD
+
‐cofactor and Redox‐catalysts

Electrical Contacting by Interprotein Electron‐transfer

Soluble Cytochromes as Electron‐transfer Mediators

Heme‐protein Monolayers as Electron‐transfer Mediators

Microperoxidase‐11 Monolayers

Heme‐containing
D
e
n
ovo Protein Monolayers

Cyt
c
‐aligned Monolayers Associated with Cytochrome Oxidase

Applications of Enzymes Electrically Contacted by Mediated Electron‐transfer

Biosensors Based on Electrically “Wired” Enzyme Electrodes

Bioelectrocatalyzed Synthesis by “Wired” Enzyme Assemblies

Biofuel Cells Based on “Wired” Enzyme Assemblies

The External Control of the Electron‐transfer Process

Photochemical Control by Enzyme‐bound Photoisomerizable Units

Photochemical Control by Electrode‐bound Photoisomerizable Units

Photochemical Control by Mediator‐bound Photoisomerizable Units

Conclusion and Perspectives

Acknowledgment
Dynamic simulation of crystallization processes: Adaptive finite element collocation method
Authors: Ulbert Zsolt , Lakatos Béla G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn adaptive orthogonal collocation on finite elements method with adaptively varied upper bound of the relevant size interval is developed for numerical solution of population balance equation of crystallizers. Nucleation producing monosized and heterosized nuclei, size‐dependent crystal growth, seeding, classified product removal and fines removal with dissolution are included into the model. Adaptation of the number and length, as well as the distribution of finite elements over the variable length computational interval is carried out forming a number of adaptation rules, based on ordering the finite elements of size coordinate according to the maxima of first derivatives of the population density function. The approximation is obtained using the Lagrange interpolation polynomials. The method is used for solving the mixed set of nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations, forming a detailed dynamical model of continuous crystallizers with product classification and/or fines removal. The program can be used efficiently for simulation of stationary and dynamic processes of crystallization systems, computing either transients or long‐time oscillating steady statesgenerated by different nonlinear phenomena, and internal and external feedbacks. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
The first two‐dimensional barium coordination polymer based on neutral and deprotonated 4‐formylbenzoic acid
Authors: Deng Zhao‐Peng , Gao Shan , Huo Li‐Hua 
Published: October 2007

AbstractA two‐dimensional barium(II) coordination polymer, [Ba(4‐FBA)2(4‐FBAH)]n (4‐FBA− = 4‐formylbenzoate), has been synthesized by the reaction of barium carbonate and 4‐formylbenzoic acid. The barium(II) ion is nine‐coordinated by eight O atoms from six deprotonated 4‐FBA− ligands and one O atom from the terminal 4‐FBAH ligand. Adjacent barium(II) ions are linked by the 4‐FBA− ligand to furnish a two‐dimensional lamellar structure which exhibits blue fluorescent emission in the solid state at room temperature. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spectroscopic studies of charge transfer complexes of meso‐tetra‐p‐tolylporphyrin and its zinc complex with some aromatic nitro acceptors in different organic solvents
Authors: El‐Zaria Mohamed E. , Genady Afaf R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe charge transfer complex (CTC) formation of 5,10,15,20‐tetra(p‐tolyl)porphyrin (TTP) and zinc 5,10,15,20‐tetra(p‐tolyl)porphyrin with some aromatic nitro acceptors such as 2,4,6‐trinitrophenol (picric acid), 3,5‐dinitrosalicylic acid, 3,5‐dinitrobenzoic acid (DNB) and 2,4‐dinitrophenol (DNP) was studied spectrophotometrically in different organic solvents at different temperatures. The spectrophotometric titration, Job's and straight line methods indicated the formation of 1:1 CTCs. The values of the equilibrium constant (KCT) and molar extinction coefficient (εCT) were calculated for each complex. The ionization potential of the donors and the dissociation energy of the charge transfer excited state for the CTC in different solvents was also determined and was found to be constant. The spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties were observed to be sensitive to the electron affinity of the acceptors and the nature of the solvent. No CT band was observed between Zn‐TTP as donor and DNP or DNB as acceptors in various organic solvents at different temperature. Bimolecular reactions between singlet excited TTP (1TTP*) and the acceptors were investigated in solvents with various polarities. A new emission band was observed. The fluorescence intensity of the donor band decreased with increasing the concentration of the acceptor accompanied by an increase in the intensity of the new emission. The new emission of the CTCs can be interpreted as a CT excited complex (exciplex). Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, spectral, electrochemical and catalytic studies of new Ru(III) tetradentate Schiff base complexes
Authors: Manivannan S. , Prabhakaran R. , Balasubramanian K. P. , Dhanabal V. , Karvembu R. , Chinnusamy V. , Natarajan K. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe synthesis and characterization of several hexa‐coordinated ruthenium(III) Schiff base complexes of the type [RuX(EPh3)(L)] (X = Cl or Br; E = P or As; L = dianion of the tetradentate Schiff base) are reported. IR, EPR, electronic spectra and cyclic voltammetric data of the complexes are discussed. An octahedral geometry has been tentatively proposed for all of these complexes. The new complexes have been subjected to catalytic activity in the reaction of oxidation of alcohols in the presence of N‐methylmorpholine‐N‐oxide. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two novel molybdenum complexes containing [Mo2O2S2]2+ fragment: synthesis, crystal structures and catalytic studies
Authors: Wu Jun‐Feng , Li Dong‐Mei , Cui Li‐Feng , Zhuang Chang‐Fu , Song Sai‐Nan , Wang Tie‐Gang , Xu Ji‐Qing , Jia Heng‐Qing , Hu Ning‐Hai 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMo2O2S2(HGly)(Gly)2 1 and K6[Mo2O2S2(nta)2][Mo2O2S2(ntaH)2]·4H2O 2 were synthesized by the reactions of (NH4)2MoS4 and amino acids L (L = glycine, nitrilotriacetic acid) in ethanol–water medium at ambient temperature. The two complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectra, UV–visible spectra, TG–DTA and XPS. X‐ray crystallographic structural analyses revealed that compound 1 is a binuclear MoSglycinate complex, a glycinate ligand is coordinated to each molybdenum atom through its amine nitrogen and carboxylato oxygen, respectively, and the third glycinate acts as a bridge through its two carboxylato oxygens linking the two molybdenum atoms. Compound 2 is also a binuclear MoS complex with two nitrilotriacetate ligands, each of which is coordinated to a molybdenum atom via its two β‐carboxylato oxygens and a nitrogen atom. Simultaneously, each molybdenum atom in 1 and 2 is chelated to a terminal oxygen and two bridging sulfurs to complete the octahedral configuration. Their catalytic activities in the reduction from C2H2 to C2H4 as well as other binuclear MoSpolycarboxylate complexes, a [Fe4S4] single cubane and a chainlike MoFeS compound were investigated and it was found that 1 exhibited relatively good catalytic activity. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, Characterization and Cytotoxicity of Diam(m)‐ineplatinum(II) Complexes Containing β‐phenylisosuccinate Ligand
Authors: Ye Qing‐Song , Lou Li‐Guang , Liu Zuo‐Yan , Liu Wei‐Ping , Hou Shu‐Qian , Chen Xi‐Zhu , Yu Yao 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFour diam(m)ineplatinum(II) complexes containing β‐phenylisosuccinate as the leaving groups were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for their cytotoxicity against A549/ATCC human lung cancer cell line and SGC‐7901 human gastric cancer cell line. One of the complexes, (trans‐1R,2R‐diaminocyclohexane)‐β‐phenylisosuccinatoplatinum(II) 4, was much more active than cisplatin and carboplatin.