bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The Dual Euler Basis: Constraints, Potentials, and Lagrange’s Equations in Rigid-Body Dynamics
Authors: O'Reilly Oliver M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractGiven a specific set of Euler angles, it is common to ask what representations conservative moments and constraint moments possess. In this paper, we discuss the role that a non-orthogonal basis, which we call the dual Euler basis, plays in the representations. The use of the basis is illustrated with applications to potential energies, constraints, and Lagrange’s equations of motion.
Nonlinear Stability of
the Classical Nusselt Problem of Film Condensation and Wave
Effects
Authors: Phan L. , Narain A. 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
Accurate steady and unsteady numerical solutions of the full two-dimensional (2D) governing equations for the Nusselt problem (film condensation of quiescent saturated vapor on a vertical wall) are presented and related to known results. The problem, solved accurately up to film Reynolds number of 60 (Reδ⩽60), establishes various features of the well-known steady solution and reveals the interesting phenomena of stability, instability, and nonlinear wave effects. It is shown that intrinsic flow instabilities cause the wave effects to grow over the well-known experiments-based range of Reδ⩾30. The wave effects due to film flow’s sensitivity to ever-present minuscule transverse vibrations of the condensing surface are also described. The results suggest some ways of choosing wall noise—through suitable actuators—that can enhance or dampen wave fluctuations and thus increase or decrease heat transfer rates over the laminar-to-turbulent transition zone.
Application of
Minature Ring-Core and Interferometric Strain/Slope Rosette to Determine Residual Stress
Distribution With Depth—Part I: Theories
Authors: Li Keyu , Ren Wei 
Published: March 2007

Abstract
The principle of an interferometric strain/slope rosette (ISSR) is based on interference of laser beams reflected from three microindentations on a specimen surface. The ISSR can simultaneously measure the in-plane strains and the out-of-plane slopes. Ring-core cutting is a mechanical stress relief method. When used with the ISSR technique for residual stress measurement, the ring core can be made much smaller than used with the resistance strain rosette. Thus, more localized residual stresses can be measured. The theories of the ISSR/ring-core cutting method are described in this paper. Both mechanical and finite element models are developed for the incremental ring-core cutting process with the application of the ISSR technique. The stress-strain coefficients of the ISSR/ring-core method are calculated and nondimensionalized for general applications. A test example is given to demonstrate how residual stress distribution is determined by using the stress-strain coefficients and the ISSR data.
Comparison of three types of full-body compression garments on throwing and repeat-sprint performance in cricket players
Authors: Duffield Rob , Portus Marc 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To compare the effects of three types of full-body compression garments (Skins, Adidas and Under Armour) on repeat-sprint and throwing performance in cricket players.Methods:Following familiarisation, 10 male cricket players performed four randomised exercise sessions (3 garments and a control). Each session involved a 30 min repeat-sprint exercise protocol comprising 20 m sprints every minute, separated by submaximal exercise. Throwing tests included a pre-exercise and a postexercise maximal distance test and accuracy throwing tests. During each session, measures of heart rate, skin temperature, change in body mass, rate of perceived exertion and perceived muscle soreness were recorded. Capillary blood samples were analysed before and after exercise for lactate, pH, O2saturation and O2partial pressure, and 24 h after exercise for creatine kinase (CK). Ratings of perceived muscle soreness were also obtained 24 h after exercise.Results:No significant differences (p>0.05) were evident in repeat-sprint performance (10 m, 20 m time or total submaximal distance covered) or throwing performance (maximum distance or accuracy). No significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in heart rate, body mass change or blood measures during exercise. Significant differences (p<0.05) were observed by way of higher mean skin temperature, lower 24 h postexercise CK values and lower 24 h postexercise ratings of muscle soreness when wearing compression garments. Analysis between respective brands of compression garments revealed no statistical differences (p>0.05).Conclusions:No benefit was noted when wearing compression garments for repeat-sprint or throwing performance; however, the use of the garments as a recovery tool, when worn after exercise, may be beneficial to reduce postexercise trauma and perceived muscle soreness.
Leptin in Children with Newly Diagnosed Type 1 Diabetes: Effect of Insulin Therapy
Authors: McCormick Kenneth L. , Mick Gail J. , Butterfield Lisa , Ross Hugh , Parton Elaine , Totka Joan 
Published: March 2007

Leptin, the gene product of adipose tissue that signals
caloric plentitude via central nervous system
receptors, may also have diverse peripheral metabolic
actions. Of paramount interest has been the
potential interaction(s) between leptin and insulin.
Insofar as insulin alters leptin secretion/action (or
vice versa), dysregulation of this system could contribute
to disease states such as diabetes.The purpose of this study was to examine the
effect of exogenous insulin on serum leptin in
children with newly‐diagnosed Type 1 diabetes.
Since these patients are hypoinsulinemic (insulindeplet.
ed) at diagnosis, they present an ideal
opportunity to examine the effect of insulin repletion
on serum leptin. Seventeen patients were
enrolled. At baseline (prior to insulin therapy),
leptin levels were 4.3 ± 1.1ng/ml; they were not statistically
related to the baseline serum insulin or
illness severity. There was no significant change in
serum leptin before, shortly (1–6 days) or several
weeks (3–26 weeks) after insulin treatment even
when the data was corrected for changes in BMI,
hemoglobin A1C, and daily insulin dose. Since
repletion of the insulin deficiency that is present
in non‐acidotic, ambulatory patients with new
onset Type 1 diabetes did not alter serum leptin,
these results argue against an effect of insulin on
serum leptin in the absence of the acute diabetic
ketoacidosis. Because as the recuperative months
following the diagnosis of new onset Type 1
diabetes are marked by weight gain, the absence
of a rise in serum leptin might also indicate
either an adaptive (weight permissive) or pathologic
(impaired secretory) deficit.
Islet Cell Antibodies Represent Autoimmune Response Against Several Antigens
Authors: Månsson Lisa , Törn Carina , Landin-Olsson Mona 
Published: March 2007

To study the antigens involved in the islet cell
antibody (ICA) reaction we selected 30 patient
serum samples (ten in each group) positive for ICA
and one other additional autoantibody, such as
glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies (GADA),
thyrosine phosphatase antibodies (IA‐2A) or insulin
autoantibodies (IAA). The serum samples were
incubated with the specific antigen (GAD65, IA‐2 or
insulin) and the ICA analysis and the corresponding
immunoprecipitation assay were performed before
and after the absorption.We could then demonstrate that specific autoantibodies
against GAD65 and IA‐2 could be absorbed
with the corresponding antigen, since ten GADA
positive and six IA‐2A samples turned completely
negative. However, the ICA reaction after absorption
with GADA, IA‐2A and insulin was still present,
although at significantly lower levels. The results
strongly indicate that the ICA reaction represents
simultaneous autoimmunity against several other
antigens beside GAD65, IA‐2 and insulin.
Prevalence and Clinical Significance of Postpartum Endometritis and Wound Infection
Authors: Chaim Walter , Bashiri Asher , Bar-David Juri , Shoham-Vardi Ilana , Mazor Moshe 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To correlate clinical variables (gestational age, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, gestational diabetes mellitus, history of previous cesarean sections, fetal distress, perinatal mortality, postpartum anemia, Apgar score ≤3 at 1 minute and ≤7 at 5 minutes, and instrumental delivery) with postpartum endometritis (PPE) and wound infection.Methods:Descriptive cross-sectional study of the outcome of 75,947 term and preterm singleton deliveries; vaginally and by cesarean section from 1989–1997.Results:The prevalence of PPE after vaginal deliveries was 0.17% (120/68,273). Gestational age of less than 37 weeks, severe pregnancy-induced hypertension, fetal distress, instrumental deliveries, neonatal mortality, postpartum anemia, and Apgar scores of <7 after 5 minutes were significantly associated with PPE. Gestational diabetes and an Apgar score of <3 after 1 minute showed similar frequency with and without PPE. The prevalence of PPE after cesarean section was 2.63% (202/7,677). Preterm cesarean sections, history of previous cesarean sections, anemia, and low Apgar scores were seen more frequently with PPE than without. The incidence of cesarean delivery with gestational diabetes mellitus, fetal distress, and perinatal mortality was similar in presence and absence of PPE. The rate of wound infection after cesarean section was 3.97% (318/7,995). Gestational diabetes mellitus, history of previous cesarean deliveries, and low Apgar scores were significantly more frequent with than without wound infection. Gestational age, severe pregnancyinduced hypertension, fetal distress, perinatal mortality, and postpartum anemia were not associated with wound infection.Conclusions:Awareness of the aforementioned associations may prevent and shorten hospital stay by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:77–82; 2000.
Immunotherapy of Gynaecological High-Risk Human Papilloma Virus Infection With Human Leukocyte Ultrafiltrate
Authors: Spitzbart H. , Hoyme U. B. 
Published: March 2007

Objective:In this preliminary presentation the outcome of women following systemic treatment of cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) with a leukocyte ultrafiltrate is reported.Methods:Cervical brush specimens of 819 women with low-grade CIN-1 were evaluated for HPV infection. HPV-positive patients were treated either by cone biopsy because of suspicious eolposeopy or by antibiotics for symptoms of bacterial cervieitis. The remaining women were considered as asymptomatic carriers of HPV and underwent systemic therapy by a human leukocyte ultrafiltrate in a dosage of 5 IE, 6 times in the first 2 weeks, and additionally as a single dose at weeks 4, 6, 8 and 10.Results:The leukocyte ultrafiltrate was administered to 97 HPV-positive women. In follow-up 88.7% were HPV negative at week 6; the remaining 11 women were tested negative after completion of a second course of therapy.Conclusions:These preliminary data on the successful treatment of HPV infection by a leukocyte ultrafiltrate are very promising but have to be supported by additional research. Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol. 8:120–123, 2000.
Candida Sepsis Following Transcervical Chorionic Villi Sampling
Authors: Paz Alona , Gonen Roni , Potasman Israel 
Published: March 2007

Background: The use of invasive devices and broad spectrum antibiotics has increased the rate of candidal
superinfections.Candida sepsis associated with pregnancy is rare. Candida sepsis following chorionic villi sampling
(CVS) has never been reported.Case: A 31‐year‐old pregnant woman presented with signs of sepsis one day after undergoing transcervical CVS.
Blood culture and curettage material yielded C. albicans. She was treated with 400 mg of fluconazole daily for
4 weeks and completely recovered.Conclusion: Candida sepsis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of sepsis following CVS.
Relationship of Vaginal Bacteria and Inflammation WithConception and Early Pregnancy Loss Following In-Vitro Fertilization
Authors: Eckert Linda O. , Moore Donald E. , Patton Dorothy L. , Agnew Kathy J. , Eschenbach David A. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The aim of this study was investigate the impact of vaginal flora and vaginal inflammation on
conception and early pregnancy loss following in-vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods: We enrolled 91 women who were undergoing IVF. At embryo transfer (ET), all of the women had
quantitative vaginal culture, ET catheter‐tip culture, and vaginal Gram stain scored for bacterial vaginosis and
quantitated for polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Conception and early pregnancy loss were compared
with culture and Gram stain results. Statistical analyses included the Chi‐square test, Fisher′s exact test and
the Mann–Whitney U‐test.Results: The overall live birth rate (LBR) was 30% (27/91), and the rate of early pregnancy loss was 34% (14/41). In
women with bacterial vaginosis, intermediate flora and normal flora, the conception rates were 30% (3/10), 39%
(12/31) and 52% (26/50), respectively (p = 0.06 for trend). Early pregnancy loss occurred in 33% (1/3), 42%
(5/12) and 31% (8/26) of women, respectively (p = 0.06, comparing intermediate and normal flora). The vaginal
log concentration of hydrogen peroxide‐producing lactobacilli was 7.3 ± 1.7 in women with a live birth (n = 27)
and 4.9 ± 2.5 in those with early pregnancy loss (n = 14) (p = 0.1).Conclusions: IVF patients with bacterial vaginosis and with a decreased vaginal log concentration of hydrogen
peroxide‐producing lactobacilli may have decreased conception rates and increased rates of early pregnancy loss.
A larger prospective treatment trial designed to evaluate the impact on IVF outcomes of optimizing the vaginal
flora prior to IVF may be warranted.
Screening and Counseling Practices Reported byObstetrician–Gynecologists for Patients With Hepatitis CVirus Infection
Authors: Boaz Kathy , Fiore Anthony E. , Schrag Stephanie J. , Gonik Bernard , Schulkin Jay 
Published: March 2007

Background: Obstetrician—gynecologists are important providers of primary health care to women, and the
hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection screening practices and recommendations provided by obstetrician—gynecologists
for HCV‐infected patients are unknown.Methods: We surveyed American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Fellows, including 413
Fellows who were participating in the Collaborative Ambulatory Research Network (CARN) and 650 randomly
sampled Fellows, about HCV screening and counseling practices.Results: In total, 74% of CARN members and 44% of non‐CARN members responded. Demographics and
practice structure were similar between the two groups. More than 80% of providers routinely collected drug
use and blood transfusion histories from their patients. Of the respondents, 49% always screened for HCV
infection when patients had a history of injection drug use, and 35% screened all patientswho had received a blood
transfusion before 1992. For HCV‐infected patients, 47% of the physicians always advised against breastfeeding,
70% recommended condom use with a long‐term steady partner, and 64% advised against alcohol consumption.
Respondents who considered themselves to be primary care providers were no more likely to screen or provide
appropriate counseling messages than were other providers.Conclusions: Most obstetrician—gynecologists are routinely collecting information that can be used to assess HCV
infection risk, but HCV screening practices and counseling that are provided for those with HCV infection are not
always consistent with current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and ACOG recommendations.
Development of a High Performance LiquidChromatographic Assay Measuring Mezlocillin inSerum or Tissue
Authors: Mya Sandra , Gain Ron E. , Larsen Bryan 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study evaluated the blood and uterine tissue concentration of mezlocillin, a broadspectrum
penicillin.Methods: We adapted a liquid chromatographic method to measure mezlocillin in serum and
tissue. Mezlocillin reference standard was diluted in water, chromatographed on a reversed phase
C18 column eluted at 1.5 ml/min with acetonitrile and phosphate buffer (1:3 v:v), and detected
spectrophotometrically at 210 nm. Mezlocillin was administered to 14 premenopausal women scheduled
to undergo vaginal hysterectomy. Each patient received a 4 g IV infusion of the drug 30 to 60
min prior to surgery. During surgery, tissue was removed from the uterine cervix and blood was
obtained for assay of mezlocillin content.Results: Chromatography of the mezlocillin standard furnished a discrete peak with a retention
time of 2.4 min. The sensitivity of the assay was 0.1 µg/ml with a linear response up to 100 µg/ml.
The correlation coefficient for the standard curve was 0.9997. When reference standard was diluted
in pooled human serum, the assay was complicated by interfering compounds. These were removed
by ether extraction. The sensitivity of the assay performed in serum was 3 µg/ml. Serum samples
contained from 81.2 to 358 µg of mezlocillin/ml with an average serum concentration of 207.5 µg/ml.
When serum containing a known amount of mezlocillin was homogenized for a period of time
similar to that required to homogenize tissue samples, a deteatable loss of drug was observed and
was applied as a correction factor to the measured tisulevels. After correction, the average tissue
level was 117.2 µg/ml and ranged from 27% to 98% of the serum levels.Conclusions: The serum concentration of mezlocillin after IV infusion of 4 g was greater than that
required to inhibit the majority of the most significant organisms responsible for post‐hysterectomy
sepsis. Although tissue levels appeared to be consistently lower than serum levels, they could be
expected to provide an inhibitory effect against many of the bacterial strains that contaminate the
surgical site.
Vaginal Flora in Postmenopausal Women: The Effect of Estrogen Replacement
Authors: Ginkel Paul D. , Soper David E. , Bump Richard C. , Dalton Harry P. 
Published: March 2007

Objective:To determine the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT)
on the vaginal flora of postmenopausal women.Methods: Vaginal cultures were obtained from 15 postmenopausal women
whose hormonal statuses were documented by serum follicle‐stimulating hormone (FSH) and
serum estrogen levels. After 8 weeks of ERT, consisting of 0.1 mg of estradiol delivered daily by
dermal patch, the vaginal cultures were repeated, as were measurements of the vaginal pH,
serum FSH, and serum estrogen levels.Results: Vaginal cultures revealed no significant change in the incidence
of lactobacilli or of all aerobes. However, the incidence of anaerobic species fell after treatment
from 47% to 13% (P = 0.05), and the incidence of anaerobic gram‐negative rods declined after
treatment from 40% prior to ERT to 7% (P = 0.035). Prior to ERT, the difference in mean
vaginal pH between lactobacilli‐positive and lactobacilli‐negative subjects was not significant,
but, following the administration of exogenous estrogen, the lactobacilli‐positive subjects
exhibited a significantly lower mean vaginal pH (4.4 ± 0.4) relative to the lactobacilli‐negative
population (5.2 ± 0.3) (P = 0.02).Conclusions: We conclude that women on ERT are less likely to have vaginal
colonization with anaerobic bacteria when compared with women not using replacement therapy.
Estrogen replacement may potentiate the effect of lactobacilli on vaginal pH.
Comparison of Five Methods for the Determination of Rubella Immunity
Authors: Sautter Robert L. , Crist Arthur E. , Johnson Lynn M. , LeBar William D. 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy
of commonly used methods for the detection of rubella immunity, especially the fully
automated IMx assay.Methods: A total of 190 sera (101 immune and 89 non‐immune)
submitted to Harrisburg Hospital or Polyclinic Medical Center for the determination of
rubella immunity were tested by enzyme immunoassay (IMx and Rubazyme, Abbott
Diagnostic Laboratories, North Chicago, IL), indirect immunofluorescence (FIAX, Whittaker
Bioproducts, Walkersville, MD), and latex agglutination (Rubascan, Becton Dickinson
Microbiology Systems, Cockeysville, MD, and Rubalex, Wellcome Diagnostics, Research
Triangle Park, NC). Specimens were frozen at –30℃ until the study was initiated. Each of
the assays was performed according to the manufacturers′ specifications. Sensitivity,
specificity, accuracy, and positive and negative predictive values for each assay were
calculated using a consensus result of the 5 methods tested.Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy, respectively, of the
test systems were as follows: IMx, 96%, 97%, and 96%; Rubazyme, 100%, 99%, and 99%;
Rubascan, 100%, 98%, and 99%; Rubalex, 99%, 97%, and 98%; and FIAX 90%, 100%, and
95%. False negative reactions were seen with the FIAX system.Conclusions: The IMx system, a new “walk away” system from Abbott
Diagnostic Laboratories and the Rubazyme systems performed well; however the latex
agglutination tests proved to be the most rapid and convenient methods for screening
sera for the presence of rubella immunity.
In Vitro Effect of Local Anesthetics on Candida albicans Germ Tube Formation
Authors: Rodrigues Acácio , Vaz Cidália Pina , Fonseca A. Freitas , de Oliveira J. Martinez , Barros Henrique 
Published: March 2007

Objective: This study was planned to clarify the in vitro effect of
lidocaine and bupivacaine on germ tube formation by Candida albicans isolates from
cases of clinical vaginal candidiasis.Methods: Fourteen C. albicans strains (clinical vaginal isolates)
were grown on Sabouraud agar for 24 h at 37℃ and tested as follows: 100 μl of a yeast
suspension [105
colony forming units (CFU)/ml of phosphate buffered saline (PBS)] was
added to 500 μl of fresh human serum with lidocaine or bupivacaine (pure salts) in serial
concentrations. The test was run in duplicate. Controls were prepared for each strain.
After 4 h of incubation at 37℃, samples were taken from each vial and 200 yeasts were
counted in a counting chamber. The pH of each suspension was measured.Results: The results are given as the mean of the 2 readings and are
expressed as the percentage of blastoconidia with germ tubes/total blastoconidia.Conclusions: Our experiments show that both lidocaine and
bupivacaine have a dose‐dependent inhibitory effect, pH‐independent, on germ tube
formation by C. albicans and that both drugs seem to be promising in the treatment of
genital candidiasis due to the combination of anesthetic and antifungal properties.
Incidence of Chorioamnionitis in Patients With Meconium‐stained Amniotic Fluid
Authors: Chapman Shelley , Duff Patrick 
Published: March 2007

Objective: The goal of this study was to determine if meconium staining of the amniotic fluid
(MSAF) is a marker for chorioamnionitis.Methods: In a retrospective, case‐control investigation, we studied 100 patients with MSAF. Each
patient was matched with a control who delivered during the same period but did not have MSAF.
Subjects and controls were matched for age, parity, gestational age, mode of delivery, duration of
rupture of membranes (ROM), length of internal monitoring, and number of examinations before
and after ROM. The incidence of chorioamnionitis in controls and study patients was compared.
The diagnosis of chorioamnionitis was based on clinical examination.Results: Thirteen of the 200 patients [6.5%, 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.5–10.5%] developed
chorioamnionitis. Of the 100 women with MSAF, 10 (10%, 95% CI, 4–16) were infected compared
with only 3 controls (3%, 95% CI, 0–6, P = 0.04). The odds ratio (OR) for this comparison was 3.3,
and the 95% CI was 1.02–10.63.Conclusions: MSAF is associated with an increased frequency of chorioamnionitis. Several factors
could explain this association. Infection may cause fetal stress, leading to the release of meconium.
MSAF may enhance the growth of bacteria by providing a rich medium of essential nutrients
or growth stimulants. MSAF also may impair the host immune system so that chemotaxis or
phagocytosis is diminished, thus allowing accelerated growth of microorganisms.