bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Ethnic Variations in Prevalence of High-Risk Sexual Behaviors Among Asian and Pacific Islander Adolescents in Hawaii
Authors: Sasaki Paula Y. , Kameoka Velma A. 
Published: December 2008

Objectives. We examined ethnic variations in high-risk sexual behaviors among Asian and Pacific Islander (API) adolescents in comparison with White adolescents. Methods. We obtained data from the 2003 Hawaii Youth Risk Behavior Survey on 4953 students in grades 9 through 12. We conducted χ2 and logistic regression analyses on these data to examine the prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors among Japanese, Filipino, Native Hawaiian, and White adolescents. Results. We found significant ethnic variation in prevalence of high-risk sexual behaviors among API adolescents. Relative to White adolescents, Native Hawaiian adolescents were most likely to engage in lifetime sexual intercourse, recent sexual intercourse, and sexual initiation before age 13 years; Japanese adolescents were least likely to engage in these behaviors. Filipino adolescents were least likely to use substances before last sexual intercourse and condoms during last sexual intercourse. Conclusions. Our findings suggest divergent patterns of risk among API ethnic groups, underscoring the heterogeneity of API subgroups and emphasizing the need for health disparities research on disaggregated API ethnic groups. The findings of such research should be used to design ethnically relevant interventions aimed at mitigating the negative health consequences of high-risk sexual behaviors.
Cyclic Tests of Model Pipe in Kaolin
Authors: Aubeny C. , Gaudin C. , Randolph M. 
Published: December 2008

Summary
Soil-pipe interaction is an important factor in the design of steel catenary risers. Pertinent aspects of this issue include the backbone curve defining soil resistance under conditions of virgin penetration, equivalent soil spring stiffness during unload-reload cycles, and permanent displacements under cyclic loading. This paper presents the findings of single-gravity model tests in soft kaolin that were conducted to investigate these issues. Cyclic tests were conducted for small amplitude loading involving no reversal in the direction of the soil-resisting force, and large amplitude loading involving such reversals. Presented in this paper are measured relationships of soil secant stiffness as a function of displacement and load cycle for conditions of unloading and reloading. The rate of accumulation of permanent displacements under cyclic loading is strongly affected by the magnitude of loading. Backbone curve measurements during virgin penetration are in general agreement with analytical estimates. The laboratory-model test data were used to derive seabed stiffness parameters for a seabed-riser interaction model. An example analysis is presented for a typical steel catenary riser touching down on a soft seabed.
Reduced 10-Year Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Patients Who Participated in a Community-Based Diabetes Prevention Program
Authors: Lipscomb Elaine R. , Finch Emily A. , Brizendine Edward , Saha Chandan K. , Hays Laura M. , Ackermann Ronald T. 
Published: December 2008

OBJECTIVE—We evaluated whether participation in a community-based group diabetes prevention program might lead to relative changes in composite 10-year coronary heart disease (CHD) risk for overweight adults with abnormal glucose metabolism.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—We used the UK Prospective Diabetes Study engine to estimate CHD risk for group-lifestyle and brief counseling (control) groups. Between-group risk changes after 4 and 12 months were compared using ANCOVA.
RESULTS—Baseline 10-year risk was similar between treatment groups (P = 0.667). At 4 and 12 months, the intervention group experienced significant decreases in 10-year risk from baseline (−3.28%, P &lt; 0.001; and −2.23%, P = 0.037) compared with control subjects (−0.78%, P = 0.339; and +1.88%, P = 0.073). Between-group differences were statistically significant and increased from the 4- to 12-month visits.
CONCLUSIONS—Community-based delivery of the Diabetes Prevention Program lifestyle intervention could be a promising strategy to prevent both CHD and type 2 diabetes in adults with pre-diabetes.
Preparation and evaluation of an ispaghula based directly compressible matrixing agent for controlled release
Authors: Lalwani Anita , Parikh Jolly 
Published: December 2008

Preparation and evaluation of an ispaghula based directly compressible matrixing agent for controlled releaseThe objective of the present investigation was to prepare and evaluate an ispaghula husk based directly compressible (DC) adjuvant that can be used as matrixing agent using an agglomeration technique. Addition of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose was found necessary to improve cohesion. Lactose (X1), calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (X2) and Avicel PH101 (X3), used along with ispaghula in preparation of agglomerates, were selected as three independent variables in a simplex lattice design affecting compressional and dissolution characteristics of the drug from the DC adjuvant. The agglomerates were evaluated for their flow properties. Tablets were prepared using 70% agglomerates and 30% acetaminophen, a poorly compressible drug, and were subjected toin vitrodrug release study. Amounts of the drug released at the end of 60 min (Y60), 300 min (Y300) and 480 min (Y480) were selected as dependent variables in a simplex lattice design. Batch IH05 that contained lactose and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate in a 1:2 ratio could control the release for 12 hours and thus form the basis for twice a-day-dosing.
Antibacterial drug resistance and equine practice
Authors: Traub‐Dargatz J. L. , Dargatz D. A. 
Published: December 2008

SummaryThe equine practitioner is in a position to make day‐to‐day decisions regarding antimicrobial drug (AMD) use for their patients as well as to educate their clients regarding judicious use. General guidelines regarding judicious use of AMDs in equine patients have been developed by the American Association of Equine Practitioners. Detailed guidelines for AMD use in specific equine diseases supported by clinical trials and results of surveillance studies focused on resistance among equine bacterial pathogens are lacking. Studies that could lead to detailed and justifiable use recommendations would allow the equine practitioner to make more informed decisions regarding when to use AMDs, which drugs should be used and how they should be used (e.g. dose, route and duration).
Mathematical Analysis of Finger Positions of a Spherical Linkage Metamorphic Robot Palm
Authors: Khan Mujibur Rahman , Dai Jian S 
Published: December 2008

Grasping is the main function performed by the mechanical hand. Mechanisms with more functionality are needed for secure grasping of different and complex objects. With the advancement of the field of robotics it is important to think of mechanisms of multifingered robot hand with added functionality. The metamorphic mechanism with spherical linkage opens a wide opportunity to design a multi fingered robot hand with spherical palm, which can achieve human like dexterity. On the basis of an intensive study of literature, this paper focuses on the development of a geometrical model and mathematical analysis of spherical robot palm with fingers attached to it. To develop the generalised mathematical model, the co-ordinate transformation matrices of the joint axis position and the finger position have been derived. The transformation matrices have been derived with the position and orientation of the links and finger positions. So the co-ordinate points of a point of interest in the three dimensional space can be described at different configuration state of the mechanism. The detail analysis has been done through this mathematical and geometrical modelling of five-bar spherical metamorphic linkage robotic palm. This mathematical and geometrical model can be used to inspect the feasibility of the mechanism design for a multi fingered robot palm.Â Journal of Mechanical Engineering Vol.36 Dec. 2006 pp.18-26DOI = 10.3329/jme.v36i0.807
La sociologie dans la société de l'image
Authors: Faccioli Patrizia 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Les réflexions présentées dans cette contribution naissent d’une question : qu’est-ce qu’implique pour les sociologues le fait de développer leur travail théorique et empirique dans une société où l’image est devenue toujours plus présente et canal privilégié de la communication ? Pour répondre à cette question, je prendrai en considération trois aspects du thème « sociologie et société de l’image », interconnectés entre eux. D’abord, je considérerai le concept de « société de l’image » du point de vue de ses implications sociales (du pouvoir), de la visualisation et de la visibilité. Je me focaliserai ensuite sur les sujets et en particulier sur l’importance d’approfondir et d’analyser ce qu’ils font avec les images. J’aborderai enfin le problème relatif à l’accroissement de la connaissance que l’étude des images et de la communication par les images peut apporter aux sciences sociales.
Sociologie visuelle digitale
Authors: Losacco Giuseppe Pino 
Published: December 2008

Résumé La sociologie visuelle découvre de plus en plus les nouvelles technologies numériques. Productions cinématographiques et photographiques utilisent toujours plus les CD-ROM et DVD comme supports et structures multimédia, permettant un usage plus libre puisque, en dépassant la logique linéaire imposée par les textes écrits, ces produits s’offrent à de possibles déstructurations du texte en faveur de restructurations personnalisées. À mon avis, l’adoption des nouvelles technologies numériques est principalement guidée par une logique d’accumulation. Une logique qui risque de privilégier les contenants par rapport aux contenus, scindant ainsi le medium du message. Bref, la sociologie visuelle classique considère les nouvelles technologies comme une opportunité pour la réalisation de produits plus ductiles, efficaces, créatifs, mais elle reste ancrée à une optique qui est encore analogique. Ma contribution, au contraire, veut être une réflexion sur ce que pourraient être les nouveaux scénarios pour la sociologie visuelle : scénarios sociaux liés à l’utilisation de masse des nouvelles technologies de la visualisation numérique.
Visualisation du changement urbain
Authors: Krase Jerome 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Cet essai vise à démontrer que la sociologie visuelle des paysages vernaculaires peut être utilisée pour documenter et analyser la manière dont un environnement défini, par exemple un quartier, reflète l’action de ses résidents. Il suggère que les méthodes visuelles, complétées par des approches symboliques ou sémiotiques, peuvent construire un pont entre les diverses disciplines théoriques et appliquées qui se concentrent sur la forme et la fonction des métropoles contemporaines. À travers la discussion de certains modèles souvent concurrentiels, le texte illustre les circonstances de transition et de gentrification ethnique à travers une sélection de photographies prises dans diverses villes des États-Unis aussi bien qu’à Cracovie, en Pologne, où les résidents d’un quartier ont expérimenté, pendant les deux dernières décennies, des changements rapides et significatifs.
Edgar Morin et le réenchantement des sociétés humaines
Authors: Banywesize Emmanuel M. 
Published: December 2008

Résumé De nos jours, les scientifiques et les philosophes argumentent la nécessité du réenchantement du monde ou des sociétés humaines. Ainsi I. Prigogine, G. Durand, M. Maffesoli et surtout E. Morin, qui, diversement, mettent en relief les liens entre la science classique (science moderne) et le désenchantement du monde ou des sociétés humaines. Ce texte s’emploie à montrer qu’E. Morin affronte la science classique pour penser ses conséquences et proposer un nouveau paradigme et de nouvelles balises pour une science du complexe qui peut rendre compte de la complexité de la réalité et contribuer à l’émergence d’une société-monde réenchantée.
Prostitution – une histoire sans fin ?
Authors: Chimienti Milena 
Published: December 2008

Résumé Les valeurs et enjeux orientant débats et régulation concernant la prostitution semblent être récurrents. Si de nouvelles problématiques telles que la migration clandestine et la traite des êtres humains, sont venues s’ajouter à d’autres portant davantage sur des questions purement morales, elles se dissimulent autour d’anciennes oppositions : une vision égalitariste visant un traitement universaliste s’opposant à une vision pluraliste de la société et à un traitement particulariste ; la perception de la prostitution comme forme d’exploitation paradigmatique, et donc inacceptable, des femmes versus une perception l’envisageant comme simple miroir des inégalités ; une représentation de la prostituée victime et innocente opposée à celle d’une femme coupable et donc déviante ; enfin la question de la possibilité de vendre son corps s’opposant à l’idée de la vente de services et seulement d’une partie de soi. Cet article traite des enjeux sous-jacents au débat sur la prostitution, ainsi que des formes de régulation qui en découlent au travers d’une perspective historique.
How systemic innovations require alterations along the entire supply chain: the case of animal-derived functional foods
Authors: Bröring Stefanie 
Published: December 2008

AbstractIt has been widely accepted that different types of innovation have different implications for the whole innovation process. However, less is known about how the specific type of innovation may affect the entire supply chain. In order to explore how the character of innovations affects supply chain coordination, this paper compares four cases drawn from the evolving sector of animal-derived functional foods. By paying special attention to the chain and network perspective on autonomous and systemic innovations this paper intends to present an overview of animal-derived functional foods togehter with a classification scheme to better understand how innovations in this field can be successfully managed. Findings of the case studies lead to the hypotheses that supply chain coordination differs according to the specific type of innovation and that the more systemic the innovation is (i.e. the more linkages in the chain it creates) the more centralized supply chain coordination ought to be.
Glucose and NADPH oxidase drive neuronal superoxide formation in stroke
Authors: Suh Sang Won , Shin Byung Seop , Ma Hualong , Van Hoecke Michaël , Brennan Angela M. , Yenari Midori A. , Swanson Raymond A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveHyperglycemia has been recognized for decades to be an exacerbating factor in ischemic stroke, but the mechanism of this effect remains unresolved. Here, we evaluated superoxide production by neuronal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase as a possible link between glucose metabolism and neuronal death in ischemia‐reperfusion.MethodsSuperoxide production was measured by the ethidium method in cultured neurons treated with oxygen‐glucose deprivation and in mice treated with forebrain ischemia‐reperfusion. The role of NADPH oxidase was examined using genetic disruption of its p47phox subunit and with the pharmacological inhibitor apocynin.ResultsIn neuron cultures, postischemic superoxide production and cell death were completely prevented by removing glucose from the medium, by inactivating NADPH oxidase, or by inhibiting the hexose monophosphate shunt that generates NADPH from glucose. In murine stroke, neuronal superoxide production and death were decreased by the glucose antimetabolite 2‐deoxyglucose and increased by high blood glucose concentrations. Inactivating NADPH oxidase with either apocynin or deletion of the p47phox subunit blocked neuronal superoxide production and negated the deleterious effects of hyperglycemia.InterpretationThese findings identify glucose as the requisite electron donor for reperfusion‐induced neuronal superoxide production and establish a previously unrecognized mechanism by which hyperglycemia can exacerbate ischemic brain injury. Ann Neurol 2008;64:654–663
A critical role for Fas/CD‐95 dependent signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of hyperoxia‐induced brain injury
Authors: Dzietko Mark , Boos Vinzenz , Sifringer Marco , Polley Oliver , Gerstner Bettina , Genz Kerstin , Endesfelder Stefanie , Börner Constanze , Jacotot Etienne , Chauvier David , Obladen Michael , Bührer Christoph , Felderhoff‐Mueser Ursula 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectivePrematurely born infants are at risk for development of neurocognitive impairment in later life. Oxygen treatment has been recently identified as a trigger of neuronal and oligodendrocyte apoptosis in the developing rodent brain. We investigated the role of the Fas death receptor pathway in oxygen‐triggered developmental brain injury.MethodsSix‐day‐old Wistar rats were exposed to 80% oxygen for various periods (2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours), and mice deficient in either Fas (B6.MRL‐Tnfrsf6lpr) or Fas ligand (B6Smn.C3‐Faslgld) and control mice (C57BL/6J) were exposed to 80% oxygen for 24 hours. Polymerase chain reaction, Western blotting, and caspase activity assays of thalamus and cortex tissue were performed.ResultsFas and Fas ligand messenger RNA and protein were upregulated. Furthermore, hyperoxia resulted in induction of downstream signaling events of Fas, such as Fas‐associated death domain (FADD), the long and short form of FADD‐like interleukin‐1β–converting enzyme (FLICE) inhibitory protein (FLIP‐L, FLIP‐S), and cleavage of caspase‐8 and caspase‐3. Injection of a selective caspase‐8 inhibitor (TRP801, 1mg/kg) at the beginning of hyperoxia blocked subsequent caspase‐3 cleavage in this model. B6.MRL‐Tnfrsf6lpr mice were protected against oxygen‐mediated injury, confirming Fas involvement in hyperoxia‐induced cell death. Mice deficient in Fas ligand did not differ from control animals in the amount of cell death.InterpretationWe conclude that neonatal hyperoxia triggers Fas receptor and its downstream signaling events in a Fas ligand–independent fashion. Lack of functional Fas receptors and selective pharmacological inhibition of caspase‐8 prevents activation of caspase‐3 and provides significant neuroprotection. Ann Neurol 2008;64:664–673
Fast activity at seizure onset is mediated by inhibitory circuits in the entorhinal cortex in vitro
Authors: Gnatkovsky Vadym , Librizzi Laura , Trombin Federica , de Curtis Marco 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveNetwork mechanisms responsible for focal seizure initiation are still largely unknown. One of the prevalent seizurepatternsobserved during diagnostic intracranial recordings performed in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy is characterized by fast activity at 20 to 30Hz. We reproduced 20 to 30Hz oscillations at seizure onset in the temporal lobe of the in vitro isolated guinea pig brain to study cellular and network mechanisms involved in its generation.MethodsSeizure‐like activity was induced in the isolated brain by 3‐minute arterial perfusion of 50μM bicuculline. Intracellular, extracellular, and ion‐selective electrophysiological recordings were performed simultaneously in the entorhinal cortex (EC) during interictal‐ictal transition.ResultsPrincipal neurons in deep and superficial layers of the EC did not generate action potentials during fast activity at ictal onset, whereas sustained firing was observed in putative interneurons. Within 5 to 10 seconds from seizure initiation, principal neurons generated a prominent firing that correlated with the appearance of extracellular hypersynchronous bursting discharges. In superficial neurons, fast activity correlated with rhythmic IPSPs that progressively decreased in amplitude during the development of a slow depolarization associated with an increase in extracellular potassium.InterpretationWe conclude that in an acute model of temporal lobe ictogenesis, sustained inhibition without firing ofECprincipal neurons correlates with the onset of a focal seizure. The progression of the ictal discharge iscontributedby a potassium‐dependent change in reversal potential of inhibitory postsynaptic potentials. These findings demonstrate a prominent role of inhibitory networks during the transition to seizure in the EC. Ann Neurol 2008;64:674–686
Patterns of care in elderly glioblastoma patients
Authors: Iwamoto Fabio M. , Reiner Anne S. , Panageas Katherine S. , Elkin Elena B. , Abrey Lauren E. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate the patterns of care in elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients from a large population‐based registry.MethodsWe identified a cohort of GBM patients 65 years or older from Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results cancer registry data linked with Medicare claims between 1994 and 2002. We assessed the impact of demographic characteristics and comorbidities on the probability of undergoing surgical resection, radiotherapy (RT), and chemotherapy within 3 months of diagnosis using multivariate logistic regression.ResultsA total of 4,137 patients with GBM were included, with a median overall survival of 4 months. Sixty‐one percent of patients underwent resection at diagnosis; 65% received RT and 10% received chemotherapy within 3 months of diagnosis. In a multivariate regression analysis, age was the most significant predictor of resection, RT, or chemotherapy. Black race (odds ratio [OR], 0.64; p = 0.008) was associated with lower rates of surgical resection. Factors associated with decreased likelihood of receiving RT included unmarried marital status (OR, 0.64; p < 0.0001) and more comorbidities (OR, 0.55; p < 0.0001). Factors associated with decreased likelihood of receiving chemotherapy included unmarried marital status (OR, 0.59; p = 0.0002) and more comorbidities (OR, 0.56; p = 0.02).InterpretationSurvival of elderly GBM patients was poor in this population‐based study. Age, marital status, and comorbidities influenced the probability of receiving RT or chemotherapy in this cohort. Ann Neurol 2008;64:628–634
Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage for generalized peritonitis due to perforated diverticulitis (Br J Surg 2008; 95: 97–101)
Authors: Essani R , Bergamaschi R 
Published: December 2008

Abstract
The Editors welcome topical correspondence from readers relating to articles published in the Journal. Responses should be sent electronically via the BJS website (www.bjs.co.uk). All letters will be reviewed and, if approved,appear on the website. A selection of these will be edited and published in the Journal. Letters must be no more than 250 words in length.
Reconstruction of reflectance data by modification of Berns' Gaussian method
Authors: Attarchi Nilofar , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBerns' method for the synthesis of spectral reflectance curve from the tristimulus color coordinates is modified. Firstly, the Gaussian bell shape red primary is replaced with a sigmoidal one to solve the dissimilarity between the spectral curves at the end region of spectrum. Secondly, three predetermined Gaussian primaries used in the original Berns' method are replaced by the adaptive ones which their half‐height bandwidths vary with the tristimulus values of the desired color. The mentioned modifications are applied for the recovery of the reflectance curves of 1409 surface colors (including 1269 Munsell color chips and 140 samples of Colorchecker SG) and also 204 textile samples. Results of recovery are evaluated by the mean and the maximum color difference values under other standard light sources. The mean as well as the maximum of root mean squares between the reconstructed and the actual spectra are also calculated. The modifications are compared with the common principal component analysis (PCA) as well as Hawkyard's methods for recovery of reflectance factor. Although the PCA leads to the best results, the modifications significantly improve the recovery outcomes in comparison with the original Berns method. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 34, 26–32, 2009.