bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Thrombolytic therapy in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria complicated by hepatic vein thrombosis
Authors: FRAWLEY K J , MacKechnie S G , TAYLOR K M 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Hepatic vein thrombus is a common and often fatal complication of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria. Rapid diagnosis with ultrasound, computed tomography or venography is required to improve the prognosis. Although heparin is often the initial therapy of choice, thrombolytic agents may be more beneficial in the early management.
Fatal Clostridium septicum myonecrosis
Authors: HIEW C Y , SILBERSTEIN M , HENNESSY O F 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A 20 year old leukaemic patient with neutropaenia secondary to chemotherapy, who developed overwhelming sepsis, myonecrosis, vascular occlusion and necrotizing enterocolitis due to Clostridium septicum infection is described. Plain abdominal radiographs and a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis showed gas in the retroperitoneal soft tissues. Clostridium septicum septicaemia has a recognized association with malignancy and neutropaenia and has a high mortality if not diagnosed and treated early. Computed tomography scanning of the abdomen, pelvis and head is advised in any patient with a positive C. septicum blood culture.
Authorship ethics in the radiological sciences
Authors: MUSSURAKIS STAVROS 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The written communication of new ideas and current developments is a crucial part of the progress of radiological sciences. Research results cannot be incorporated into the body of scientific knowledge, unless they are published. In radiology, questions on authorship ethics have received limited attention. Among the topics discussed in this article are the incentives that stimulate radiologists to write and the obstacles to successful authorship. Practices causing concern to editors, authors and readers are examined, such as the excessive growth through recent years in the numbers of authors per paper, unjustified co‐authorships, wasteful publication practices and fraudulent research. The relationship between the abuses of authorship and the pressure exerted on researchers to publish is exemplified. Further issues addressed include the responsibilities of authors, the proposed principles for authorship, the determination of the sequence of authors in multi‐authored papers and the concept of publication credit. The editor's role in preventing unethical authorship is examined and emphasis is placed on the proposals that have been made to achieve the required reforms by eradicating the publish or perish mentality.
Incidence of the empty delta sign in computed tomography in the paediatric age group
Authors: DAVIES ROGER P , SLAVOTINEK JOHN P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The computed tomographic (CT) appearances of dural sinus thrombosis are variable, but include visualization of thrombus within the sinus on post‐contrast images (the ‘empty triangle’or ‘empty delta’sign). This review of 104 consecutive examinations was undertaken to assess the incidence of the empty delta sign in a paediatric group undergoing CT examinations. The number of examinations in which a sagittal sinus filling defect was seen in three or more images, was unexpectedly high. An overall incidence of 18% was noted. Defects due to bone artifact and defects seen on only one or two slices were excluded. The age distribution of abnormal scans was markedly skewed towards young infants. Nine of 27 examinations (33%) in infants less than 1 month of age, were positive for filling defects, compared with six of 21 (29%) aged between 1 and 12 months, and four of 56 (7%) aged over 1 year. This review suggests that the finding of a filling defect or empty delta sign in the sagittal sinus is not pathognomonic for sinus thrombosis that results in clinically apparent manifestations. Second, a filling defect apparent on CT may resolve spontaneously. The incidence of non‐occlusive sinus thrombosis may be significantly higher than previously recognized, particularly in young infants where predisposing conditions including dehydration, infection or prematurity coexist. Previous studies have indicated that the sensitivity of the empty delta sign is approximately 30%. This study implies that either the empty sign has limited specificity in the paediatric population, or that unrecognized non‐occlusive sinus thrombosis is much more frequent than previously described.
Cholecystokinin (CCK)‐HIDA scintigraphy in patients with suspected gall‐bladder dysfunction
Authors: WATSON ANDREW , BETTER NATHAN , KALFF VICTOR , NOTTLE PETER , SCELWYN MAXINE , KELLY MICHAEL J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Cholecystokinin hepatobiliary (CCK‐HIDA) scintigraphy is used to triage patients with chronic abdominal pain and suspected gall‐bladder dysfunction. This study evaluates the predictive value of CCK‐HIDA for clinical outcome after surgical and medical therapy. Fifty‐six patients (45 females), mean age 43 ± 9 years, with otherwise normal investigations, including normal ultrasound, fasted for more than 8h and then had 70MBq technetium‐99m‐EHIDA injected. One and a half hours later 15ng/kg CCK was infused over 45min. Seventy minutes dynamic imaging commenced 5 min prior to infusion. An abnormal gall‐bladder ejection fraction (GBEF) was defined as <50%. Patients were treated medically, or by cholecystectomy, depending on the surgeon's overall assessment, including results of the CCK‐HIDA study. Patient status was then obtained in 51/56 patients at least 3 months after the scan or at least 1 month after surgery. All surgical specimens were reviewed independently for pathological changes of chronic acalculous cholecystitis. Of the 11 patients with an abnormal gall‐bladder ejection fraction, nine (82%) underwent cholecystectomy, all of whom achieved total symptomatic cure, while two patients underwent other therapy, both of whom remained symptomatically unchanged. Of the 40 patients whose gall‐bladder ejection fraction was normal, only five (12.5%) underwent cholecystectomy, of whom four were cured and one partially improved at follow up. Of the 35 patients with a normal gall‐bladder ejection fraction and who underwent forms of therapy other than cholecystectomy, nine were cured symptomatically, 13 improved, 10 remained unchanged and three were symptomatically worse at follow up. The conclusions of the study were: (i) there is a high probability of cure after cholecystectomy in symptomatic patients with an abnormal CCK‐HIDA scan; and (ii) a normal CCK‐HIDA study does not exclude surgically curable gall‐bladder disease, and further careful clinical assessment is needed in this group.
Fellowship training in radiation oncology: An Australasian survey of current teaching and perceived needs
Authors: IZARD M A , BERRY M P , BOSCH C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Thirty Australian and New Zealand Radiation Oncology registrars, who were preparing for their final qualifying examinations, were surveyed about their attitudes to their training programmes. While two (7%) indicated that they had no structured tuition whatsoever, the majority 19 (63%) received on average 1–2 h per week, which was much less than their perceived need. Other areas of training considered deficient included exposure to currlculum requirements, peer support and access to other hospital specialty meetings. When asked about the concept of job rotation between training centres, 23 (77%) considered it to be potentially advantageous, with a majority preferring one such rotation of 6–12 months duration occurring in their third year, with a return to their base unit prior to final qualifying examinations. Limitations and potential benefits of the job rotation concept are discussed.
Sonographic findings in bladder haematoma
Authors: LAM ALBERT H , TANG SIMON 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The medical imaging and clinical histories of three cases of haematoma of the urinary bladder in paediatrics were reviewed retrospectively. The sonographic findings are unique and diagnostic. Three distinctive sonographic features were observed. The haematomas were large, occupying most of the bladder lumen. They showed an echogenic thick, smooth rim and, in two cases, a laminated appearance with concentric layers of alternating hyper‐echogenicity and hypo‐echogenicity.
Self‐contained, inflatable penile prosthesis: Magnetic resonance appearance
Authors: LEVIN M F , MUNK P L , VELLET A D , CHIN J L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY The appearance of an inflatable penile prosthesis, visualized on a short tau inversion recovery sequence, is reported, in a patient who had magnetic resonance imaging for pelvic pain subsequent to radical cystoprostatectomy for bladder carcinoma. With suppression of adjacent fat signal, the prosthesis is well delineated from adjacent structures. The fluid‐containing cylinders of the prosthesis are of very bright signal intensity, with the relief valve assembly of low signal intensity.
Richter's hernia of the splenic flexure: Computed tomography appearances
Authors: ARCHER RICHARD J , VAUGHAN MICHAEL , McARDLE JOHN P , HAVLAT MAREK 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY A case of a clinically occult Richter's hernia of the splenic flexure, through an anterior abdominal wall defect, is described. In view of the initial absence of bowel obstruction with a partial or Richter's hernia, and in the absence of physical findings, the importance of computed tomography (CT) in demonstrating abdominal wall lesions is highlighted.
Interventional radiology in the management of superior thyroid artery injury which presents as a diagnostic dilemma
Authors: SHARMA A K , AGARWAL P , ROY S , GAMBHIR S , MISHRA S K , PHADKE R V 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Following a forgotten iron splinter injury, a 19 year old male developed a slowly increasing extrathyroidal haematoma, which presented as a diagnostic dilemma. Surgical exploration failed to establish a diagnosis and was complicated by severe haemorrhage. Emergency angiography demonstrated injury to the superior thyroid artery. Therapeutic embolization and surgical exploration resulted in functional and anatomical recovery of the thyroid lobe.
Self‐expandable stents for tracheal stenosis: Experience in two patients
Authors: SANTHOSH J , MANDALAM K R , RAO V R K , WAIKER H D , NEELAKANDHAN K S , UNNI M N , GUPTA A K , RAO A S , KARTHA C C 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARY Two patients with cervical tracheal stenosis, following prolonged ventilatory support, underwent balloon dilatation and expandable stainless steel stent placement across the stenoses. Following the successful release of the stent, there was gradual widening of the stenosed trachea in one patient, while in the other re‐stenosis occurred due to columns of tracheal tissue projecting between the limbs of the stent. In the chronically ill and debilitated, use of expandable stents provides a good alternative to complex reconstructive surgery.
Pulmonary scintigraphy in suspected pulmonary embolism: How often does it change clinical management?
Authors: WHITE P G , SISSONS G R J , HAYWARD M W J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe effect of pulmonary scintigraphy on patient management in suspected pulmonary embolism has been assessed in 158 patients. A change in management occurred in 30% following scintigraphy. The major effect was a reduction in the total number of patients who were anticoagulated. Heparin was stopped in 42 of the 74 patients to whom it had been administered prior to the scintigram.
Bacteriological studies of open versus closed contrast medium delivery systems in angiography
Authors: TRESS B M , HELLYAR A G , PENNINGTON J , THOMSON K R , MARTINKUS J , LAVAN J J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe aim of this study was to evaluate the safety of the ‘open’method of contrast medium delivery in the angiographic theatre, in which contrast medium is decanted into open galley pots on sterile trolleys. The air bacterial load within the angiographic theatre was sampled before and during angiographic procedures. The relationship of staff and patient activity to bacterial load was assessed. Samples of Iopromide (Ultravist 370; Schering Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia) decanted into galley pots were taken for bacterial culture at the end of seven patient procedures.Air bacterial loads were comparable with operating theatre levels and were heaviest during staff activity. Three of seven samples taken at the end of angiographic procedures from air‐exposed galley pots yielded contaminants, but the number of bacteria was below that required to produce septicaemia under normal conditions. These results suggest that the open system of contrast medium delivery can be safely used, providing that bacterial checks of room contamination are performed and personnel entry into the theatre is strictly limited.
Treatment of early carcinoma of the vocal cords by radiotherapy
Authors: STEVENS GRAHAM , CASTLE GEETA , O'BRIEN CHRISTOPHER J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA total of 145 patients with early carcinoma of the vocal cords (T1,2N0) were treated by radiotherapy from 1979 to 1989. Survival and local control data were available for 135 and 127 patients, respectively. The respective 5 and 10 year results for overall survival were 75 and 68%. The 5 and 10 year probabilities of local control by radiotherapy were 89 and 86%, respectively, for T1 tumours and 70% at both time intervals for T2 tumours. Tumour recurrence following radiotherapy was documented in 18 of 127 patients. Tumour stage predicted significantly for local control, with recurrence rates for T1 and T2 tumours of 11 and 27%, respectively (P= 0.02). There was a higher proportion of recurrences for total radiation doses ≦ 6200 cGy (17%) compared with >6200 cGy (8%), but the difference was not statistically significant. Increasing duration of treatment was related significantly to increased recurrence for T2 (P= 0.01), but not T1, tumours. Most recurrences (60%) were salvaged successfully by laryngectomy. Three patients required laryngectomy for laryngeal oedema without recurrent tumour; all had been treated using a large field size (7 × 6 cm). There were 20 metachronous tumours, including five lung and two head and neck tumours. These results are similar to previous reports and confirm that radiotherapy is very effective for early glottic cancer, with high local control rates and effective salvage if local recurrences are recognized early.
Spontaneous haemorrhage from renal angiomyolipomata
Authors: CORR PETER , YANG WAI TSE , TAN IAN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYSpontaneous rupture is an uncommon but catastrophic complication of renal angiomyolipoma. Intrarenal haematomas and aneurysms are predictors of tumour rupture. Early detection by computed tomography followed by embolization may be life saving.
Cystic pulmonary lesions in Pneumocystis carinii infection
Authors: BLACKMORE T K , SLAVOTINEK J P , GORDON D L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThick‐walled pulmonary cavities are an uncommon manifestation of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). A case of PCP in a man with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) presenting with a thick‐walled pulmonary cavity and multiple smaller pulmonary air cysts is described. All of these lesions showed dramatic healing with therapy. A brief review of the recent literature is also presented.
Bone scan demonstration of progression of sacral insufficiency stress fracture
Authors: JONES D N , WYCHERLEY A G 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThis case documents the progression of a sacral insufficiency stress fracture, initially involving the lateral left ala and later extending across the body of the sacrum to the right ala. The ‘H’shaped distribution of increased uptake on radionuclide bone scanning is characteristic of this type of fracture, although variations of this pattern are also seen according to the severity of the sacral trauma. While the differing bone scan patterns of this particular fracture type are well established, it is unusual to document the progression of this fracture on bone scan in any one patient.
Radiological diagnosis and management of proximal fallopian tube obstruction
Authors: LIVSEY ROGER JAMES 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYFluoroscopically guided transcervical fallopian tube catheterization is a valuable technique in the management of infertility, being applicable to occlusion of the proximal fallopian tube. It was first described in the literature in 1987. Our experience is discussed. Modifications to the usual technique are explained. The procedure has had a poor initial acceptance in Australia, but should replace tubal surgery or in vitro fertilization in a group of patients.
Computed tomography and ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment of liver abscesses
Authors: PHILIPS R L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYLiver abscess remains a serious and even life‐threatening condition, despite advances in imaging and treatment. The diagnosis of liver abscess depends heavily on radiologic imaging, particularly ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT) scanning. The appearance of liver abscesses on these modalities depends mainly on the chronicity of the abscess. The US and CT features of 33 patients with liver abscesses are presented. Percutaneous drainage of pyogenic abscesses under imaging control is the treatment of choice. Eleven of 24 patients with pyogenic abscesses had percutaneous drainage with good results.
Phantom evaluation of the effect of film processing on mammographic screen‐film combinations
Authors: MCLEAN DONALD , RICKARD MARY T 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMammographic image quality should be optimal for diagnosis, and the film contrast can be manipulated by altering development parameters. In this study phantom test objects were radiographed and processed for a given range of developer temperatures and times for four film‐screen systems. Radiologists scored the phantom test objects on the resultant films to evaluate the effect on diagnosis of varying image contrast. While for three film‐screen systems processing led to appreciable contrast differences, for only one film system did maximum contrast correspond with optimal phantom test object scoring. The inability to show an effect on diagnosis in all cases is possibly due to the variation in radiologist responses found in this study and in normal clinical circumstances. Other technical factors such as changes in film fog, grain and mottle may contribute to the study findings.
Transient global amnesia following cerebral angiography with non‐ionic contrast medium
Authors: SCHAMSCHULA R G , SOO M Y S 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYTransient global amnesia (TGA) is an uncommon syndrome of recent memory deficit and inability to learn new data, usually resolving within 24 h. Two cases following use of non‐ionic contrast media in cerebral angiography are described. The neuroanatomy of memory is reviewed. Possible aetiologies of TGA in relation to cerebral angiography include ischaemia (embolic, arterial spasm), epilepsy that may be primary or tumour‐related and direct toxic effects of contrast media.
Radiotherapy in the treatment of malignant mesothelioma of the pleura, with special reference to its use in palliation
Authors: DAVIS S R , TAN L , BALL D L 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYMost patients presenting with malignant mesothelioma of the pleura (MMP) are only suitable for palliative treatment. Radiotherapy has not been shown to improve survival in patients with this disease, but is of use in the palliation of symptoms. In this retrospective review of 111 patients with MMP referred to the Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, the palliative effect of radiotherapy was analysed. More than half of the patients whose response could be assessed had some symptomatic relief from the radiotherapy treatment. No dose–response relationship could be found.
Molecular biology and the radiation oncologist
Authors: KEARSLEY JOHN H , LAVIN MARTIN F 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAn overview is provided of several recent advances in our understanding of the molecular events that occur when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation. A basic knowledge of molecular radiobiology is necessary so that the radiation oncologist can (i) screen cancer patients for an abnormally reduced or exaggerated response to radiotherapy; and (ii) devise novel ways to counter the molecular pathways that sustain malignant progression.
Biliary dilatation in asymptomatic AIDS patients
Authors: CSILLAG A J , McKINNON A , TODHUNTER L P , DOUST B. D. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYCytomegalovirus (CMV) is a recognized cause of biliary abnormalities in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients. In a prospective trial, two of 25 (8%) of AIDS patients on treatment for CMV related infections without biliary symptoms were found to have biliary dilatation on ultrasound. The study confirms previous findings of the poor correlation of sonographic findings with clinical status and biochemical profiles, and demonstrates that biliary tree dilatation in this group of patients may not per se warrant further invasive investigation.
Imaging of the absent cervical pedicle syndrome
Authors: JONES D N , PRICE J 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThree cases of congenital absence of a cervical spine pedicle are described. This anomaly comprises a radiological triad of (i) the absent pedicle producing an apparently ‘giant’neural foramen; (ii) a dorsally displaced ipsilateral articular mass and lamina with a dysplastic and reversed facet joint; and (iii) deficiency or absence of the ipsilateral transverse process.Recognition of this anomaly is particularly important in the context of acute injury to avoid misdiagnosis as a traumatic facet joint fracture‐dislocation. The giant foramen must also be differentiated from expansion due to a neurofibroma. A correct plain radiographic diagnosis is usually possible, but in doubtful cases appearances on computed tomography are pathognomonic.Magnetic resonance imaging, performed in two of the cases, was helpful in elucidating the contents of the giant foramen, but should rarely be necessary in clinical practice.
Radiotherapy alone for early stage Hodgkin's disease: A 16 year experience at the Royal Adelaide Hospital
Authors: O'BRIEN PETER C , ROOS DANIEL E , WILLSON KRISTYN 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYThe records of all patients with stage I and II Hodgkin's disease treated with radiotherapy alone at the Royal Adelaide Hospital between 1970 and 1986 were reviewed. The aim was to ensure the results were equivalent to the best reported series, particularly as treating such patients with chemotherapy alone has been shown to produce equivalent overall survival figures with improved relapse‐free survival. There were 104 patients of whom 67 had undergone staging laparotomy. Fifty‐seven patients were stage I and 47 stage II. Nine patients had B symptoms. Overall survival at 10 years was 83% with disease‐specific survival being 86% and relapse‐free survival 68%. These results compare favourably with those in the world literature. Multivariate analysis only revealed stage as an independent predictor of improved relapse‐free survival. The use of radiotherapy for most patients with early stage Hodgkin's disease is continued at Royal Adelaide Hospital. However, careful selection criteria need to be applied to minimize the incidence of relapse after radiotherapy.
Leaking mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm
Authors: SING TMYS , YOUNG N , O'ROURKE IC , TOMLINSON P 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYA case of leaking mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm is reported, with a brief review of the literature. A 58 year old female presented with shoulder and abdominal pain associated with diarrhoea, vomiting and fever with leucocytosis. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed pooling of contrast in the retroperitoneum anterior to a non‐dilated abdominal aorta. There was considerable retroperitoneal blood accumulating in a mass‐like lesion in the right lower abdomen and pelvis obstructing the right renal collecting system. Laparotomy revealed a 4 cm diameter saccular aneurysm of the abdominal aorta, with a 1 cm diameter neck. Culture of the thrombus grew Streptococcus pyogenes.