bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Use of polymerase chain reaction and quantitative antibody tests in children born to human immunodeficiency virus‐1‐infected mothers
Authors: Newell Marie‐Louise , Loveday Clive , Dunn David , Kaye Steve , Tedder Richard , Peckham Catherine , De Maria Andrea , Giaquinto Carlo , Omenaca Felix , Canosa Cipriano , Mǔr Antonio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in children born to HIV‐infected mothers is complicated by the presence of passively acquired maternal antibodies, and exclusion of infection in these infants remains problematic. The use of genome detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and the quantification of anti‐HIV‐I antibodies were examined as methods for early diagnosis. Blood samples were taken from 84 non‐breastfed infants of HIV‐infected mothers in five Italian and Spanish centres, a subgroup of children enrolled in the European Collaborative Study (ECS) for whom clinical and immunological information has been documented from birth. Whole blood was added to glycigel cryopreservative, stored, and tested in the United Kingdom by a nested PCR method. Antibody to HIV‐1 was detected and quantified by titration using a gelatin particle agglutination test. PCR sensitivity and specificity were assessed. Twenty‐one of the 84 children tested were infected. The estimated PCR sensitivity ranged from 0% (95% CI 0–26%) on day 1, 57% (19–85) on day 7, to 63% (33–92) on day 30. The negative predictive value of PCR ranged from 85% (83–88) on day 0 to 98% (94–100) at 3 months of age. On average, the level of maternal antibody halved every 33 days (31–36.5) in uninfected children. Between 6 and 9 months of age, increases in antibody titres in infected children were not more informative than absolute levels. These findings suggest that antibody measurement may supplement genomic diagnosis and that this collection method provides an alternative to the use of dried blood spots. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Productive HIV‐1 infection of human vascular endothelial cells requires cell proliferation and is stimulated by combined treatment with interleukin‐1β plus tumor necrosis factor‐α
Authors: Conaldi P. G. , Serra C. , Dolei A. , Basolo F. , Falcone V. , Mariani G. , Speziale P. , Toniolo A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractVascular endothelial cells (EC) play a key role in viral tropism in vivo. Since conflicting reports have been published on the capability of HIV to infect EC in vitro, we analyzed some factors potentially capable of influencing the susceptibility of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HU‐VEC) to HIV‐1. Both primary cultures and differentiated immortalized HUVEC lines were used. HUVEC were negative for the expression of CD4, but weakly CD26‐ and galactosylceramide‐positive. Although binding of HIV to EC was substantial, the virus was apparently incapable of replicating in nonproliferating cultures. In resting cultures, the content of cell‐associated HIV disappeared 4–6 days after infection without production of p24 and infectious progency. In contrast, infection of proliferating EC cultures led to the transient release of p24 and infectious virus (102.5‐103.5 SFU/ml) peaking 2–6 days postinfection. Antibody neutralization of cytokines that may be produced by EC (IL1, IL6, IL8, TNF, IFN‐β) failed to modify virus adsorption and replication, whereas treatment with IL1‐β plus TNF‐α stimulated both virus binding and virus release. As seen by gag polymerase chain reaction (PCR) the viral genome persisted up to 15 days in untreated EC cultures, but over 20 days in cultures exposed to IL1‐β plus TNF‐α. This study shows that: (a) CD4‐negative HUVEC are capable of binding substantial amounts of HIV‐1; (b) binding is enhanced by proinflammatory cytokines; (c) the establishement of productive infection is favored by cell proliferation; and (d) exposure to IL1‐β plus TNF‐α enhances virus replication. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Pathogenesis of ocular cytomegalovirus infection in the immunocompromised host
Authors: Hayashi Kozaburo , Suwa Yuzo , Shimomura Yoshikazu , Ohashi Yuichi 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBalb/C nude and C.B‐17 SCID mice were inoculated with salivary gland passaged cytomegalovirus (SG‐MCMV) intraperitoneally. Dissemination of the virus in the systemic and ocular tissues was studied by the direct immunofluorescence test, and the virus growth in each tissue was titrated in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. The mode of viral spread was assessed by inhibiting macrophage function by silica and administering polyclonal murine anti‐MCMV antibody in the circulation. The virus first reached the eyelid, conjunctiva, and cornea. Subsequently, it spread in the outer ocular muscles and chorioretinal layer. Ocular tissues were involved as part of a generalized infection. Abrogation of macrophage function by silica did not affect the outcome of the viral distribution. Administration of antibody prior to and 3 days after the viral infection prevented virus dissemination. Ocular CMV infection occurred initially at the anterior segment of the eye in an immunocompromised host. Free virus, not macrophage‐bound virus, disseminated via the bloodstream. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Two different PCR assays to detect enteroviral RNA in CSF samples from patients with acute aseptic meningitis
Authors: Casas Inmaculada , Klapper Paul E. , Cleator Graham M. , Echevarria Juan E. , Tenorio Antonio , Echevarria Jose M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTwo polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) assays were developed to allow rapid detection of enteroviral RNA in cerebrospinal fluid samples (CSF). Primers homologous to the conserved 5′ noncoding region of the enterovirus genome were designed. The RT‐PCR product size was‐500 bp (479 bp for Poliovirus, 500 bp for Cox‐sackievirus) and was visualized using ethidium bromide‐stained gels. Assay 1 utilized Moloney Murine Leukaemia Virus Reverse Transcriptase (MMLV‐RTase) for reverse transcription and Taq polymerase for subsequent PCR. Assay 2 utilized a thermoactive DNA polymerase of Thermus thermophilus (rTth enzyme) for both reverse transcription and DNA amplification. In addition, in Assay 2 reverse transcription and PCR wer eaccomplished within the same reaction tube. Both assays detected between 1 and 0.02 TCID50 of prototype strains of Polio and Coxsackie type B viruses propagated in VERO cell and spiked in a pooled preparation of CSF samples from patients with noninfective neurological disorders. However, Assay 1 was 10‐fold more sensitive than Assay 2 when applied to the detection of enteroviral RNA in CSF samples from patients with etiologically well characterized acute aseptic meningitis. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Broadly reactive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of SRSV‐associated gastroenteritis
Authors: Green J. , Gallimore C. I. , Norcott J. P. , Lewis D. , Brown D. W. G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA limitation to date of reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reactions (RT‐PCRs) for the detection of small, round structured viruses (SRSVs) has been that they have detected only a narrow range of SRSVs due to the marked genomic diversity among strains. A total of 331 faecal samples collected from 136 separate incidents of gastroenteritis occurring in the UK between 1992 and 1994 were examined by RT‐PCR employing a single primer pair (NI/E3). SRSV RNA was detected in samples from 93 of 101 (91%) incidents shown to be SRSV‐associated by electron microscopy (EM) and in 5 of 35 (14%) SRSV‐negative incidents. Amplification products were tested by Southern blot hybridisation with a pool of four digoxigenin (DIG)‐labelled oligonucle‐otides derived from genomic sequence data of SRSV SPIEM types UK 1 to 4. Products from −5% of amplified strains did not hybridise. The NI/E3 primer pair were shown to be SRSV‐specific by their failure to amplify other faecal viruses including other human caliciviruses with typical calicivirus morphology.Hybridisation of PCR products with the individual oligonucleotides relating to SRSV SPIEM types UK 1–4 was investigated: 1 of 60 (1.7%) reacted with the UK1 probe, 2/60 (3.4%) reacted with the UK2 probe, 51/60 (85%) with the UK3 probe, and 27/60 (45%) reacted with the UK4 probe. All PCR products that hybridised with the UK4 probe hybridised with the UK3 probe; 6 (10%) failed to hybridise. Identification of this primer pair facilitates routine diagnosis of SRSV infection by RT‐PCR and offers the potential for direct detection in food and environmental samples. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Persistent rubella infection after erroneous vaccination in an immunocompromised patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in remission
Authors: Geiger R. , Fink F. M. , Sölder B. , Sailer M. , Enders G. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA 16‐year‐old male patient with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in complete remission and on maintenance treatment with weekly oral rnethotrexate and daily oral 6‐mercaptopurine for 3 months was immunized in error with the WI‐RA 27/3‐HDC live attenuated rubella vaccine. Increasing rubella HAI antibodies were noted from 3 to 7 months post‐vaccination as well as high levels of IgM antibody up to 8 months in three different tests. High HAI antibody titers persisted for 12–18 months after vaccination. Persisting rubella virus was indicated by PCR detection of rubella‐specific nucleic acid in whole blood, non‐stimulated and stimulated mononuclear cells 8 months following vaccination. Further attempts to detect rubella virus RNA in two subsequent blood samples were negative. Since acute arthritis and arthralgia occurred in the second month (days 51–63) after vaccination, antileukemic chemotherapy had to be interrupted. Evidence of higher risk for chronic or relapsing rubella‐associated arthropathy in immunologically compromised patients and the need to interrupt antileukemic chemotherapy should warrant imrnunoprophylaxis with polyvalent immune globulin in rubella‐susceptible patients who are immunocompromised. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Polymerase chain reaction for prenatal diagnosis of congenital human cytomegalovirus infection
Authors: Revello Maria Grazia , Baldanti Fausto , Furione Milena , Sarasini Antonella , Percivalle Elena , Zavattoni Maurizio , Gerna Giuseppe 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe reliability of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for prenatal diagnosis of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection was determined by retrospective testing of 35 amniotic fluids identified previously as positive or negative for HCMV by virus isolation. Amniocentesis was performed in 26 pregnant women with primary HCMV infection at 14–36 weeks gestation, 3–21 weeks after maternal infection. Blood samples were obtained from 20 fetuses for IgM determination and/or virus isolation. Amniotic fluid culture led to antenatal diagnosis of HCMV in 9 of the 13 infected fetuses (sensitivity 69.2%) with one case diagnosed at a second sampling. PCR was able to detect one additional infected fetus (10/13, sensitivity 76.9%). Nested PCR did not increase sensitivity of prenatal diagnosis. Three cases were not diagnosed by all the techniques employed. The specificity of virus isolation from and DNA detection by PCR in amniotic fluid was 100%. The negative predictive value for virus isolation from amniotic fluid was 76.5% and for DNA detection by PCR 81.2%, whereas the positive predictive value was 100% for both techniques. The results showed that neither approach can detect all cases of congenital HCMV infection prenatally, and that the time interval between maternal infection and sampling seems to be a major factor affecting the reliability of prenatal diagnosis. © Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
carbon dioxide surgical laser in neurological surgery, decubitus ulcers, and burns
Authors: Stellar Stanley 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLaser surgery has become an established part of general and specialty surgical techniques. Of all the lasers available today, the carbon dioxide laser possesses the physical and biological‐surgical properties of most value to the surgeon. The CO2 laser puts out a spatially and temporally coherent beam of high intensity, infrared radiation at 10.6 μm, a wavelength nearly 100% absorbed by tissue. Its action is dependent on heat, and it has the ability to vaporize, cut, and excise all tissue hemostatically, sterilizing as it proceeds. Experimental work in animal patients and man has laid the groundwork for clinical application.The CO2 laser's value as a surgical tool has been clearly shown in the treatment of cancers and other neoplasms in brain, thoracic, and abdominal viscera; larynx; pharynx; nasal and sinus cavities; rectum; vulva, vagina; and uterus, for palliation and, at times, cure. It has been found of undoubted value in the debridement of decubitus ulcers and burns and has great potential for orthopedic surgery and breast surgery.The surgical laser is safe for patient and operating personnel, relatively simple to use, rapid in its action and without untoward impact on tissue locally or at a distance.
Carbon dioxide laser therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: Factors determining success rate
Authors: Burke Louis , Covell Linda , Antonioli Donald 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSixty patients with biopsy proven CIN were treated with CO2 laser. Severity of the lesion was equally divided among all three grades of CIN. All patients were biopsied immediately after laser therapy and at six and twelve weeks past treatment. Persistence or absence of disease was evaluated with respect to severity of disease, size of lesion, method of applying laser, whether the endocervical canal was involved, whether only the lesion or the entire transformation zone was lasered, and depth of laser effect. The persistence of disease was 36.7 percent after therapy. Success was not related to severity of disease, size of lesion, or whether the endocervical canal was involved. It was related to depth of coagulation necrosis, method of applying the laser beam, and if the entire transformation zone was treated.
Clinical experience in the laser therapy of port wine stains
Authors: Cosman Bard 
Published: March 2007

AbstractExperience in the setting up of a laser facility for the treatment of port wine stains is presented. Clinical material relative to the natural history of the port wine stain lesion is discussed. Results obtained in 202 patients treated with the argon laser are studied and photographic results presented. Methods of clinical evaluation are offered. Clinical parameters affecting results are identified. The relationship between test spot results and treatment areas is demonstrated. Treatment strategy is mentioned. The argon laser therapy of port wine stains is a valid technique justifying further work to establish age limits and other clinical features which may affect results.
Argon laser iridotomy in primary angle‐closure or pupillary block glaucoma
Authors: Schwartz Louis W. , Spaeth George L. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThis paper describes the use of a pulsed argon laser to perform iridotomies in 87 patients. Diagnoses include: primary angle closure glaucoma, narrow angle in the fellow eye of patients with primary angle closure glaucoma, pupillary block, and after incomplete surgical iridectomies. Laser iridotomy was achieved in 79% of patients. Blue eyes were slightly more difficult to penetrate. Success was almost 100% in those with pupillary block. Penetration was most difficult in patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (64%), but more easily accomplished in the fellow eyes of such cases (87%). In 13 patients surgical peripheral iridectomy was performed on one eye while the other eye was treated with laser iridotomy. No apparent significant long term differences were noted between the two eyes of the same individual. Complications of laser iridotomy include corneal burns, pupil distortion, synechia formation, lenticular opacities, iritis, marked pigment dispersion, sudden rise in intraocular pressure, and retinal burns. At this time a longer follow‐up is required before it can be stated that a laser PI is more advantageous than a surgical PI. However, the laser's simplicity and ease of administration appear to warrant its continued use at this time.
Results and Complications of Limbal Trephination and Subscleral Trephination (Trabeculectomy)
Authors: Saul Sugar H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLimbal trephinations on 395 eyes were followed postoperatively for six months to 19 years. Excellent results were obtained in patients over the age of 35, particularly those in the 50 and older age group, with chronic open‐angle and chronic angle‐closure glaucoma. Results were poor in younger age groups and in those with secondary glaucoma, particularly where it was associated with inflammatory disease.A review of 78 limbal trephinations in individuals over 55 and 77 trabeculectomies (67 under age 55 and ten over age 55) indicated that in younger age groups the overall results were nearly the same with trabeculectomies as with limbal trephination but that the subscleral operation is probably safer, especially in younger people with longer life expectancy, and permits freer use of contact lenses postoperatively.
Laser Vaporization on Intracranial Tumors
Authors: Gong‐Bai Chen 
Published: March 2007

AbstractBrain tumors can be treated with the laser. The CO2 laser may be used in several ways. Massive or well‐encapsulated tumors may be removed in the usual way and the remnant vaporized by the laser from the depth, dura, or cranium. If the tumor is superficial and not massive, it may be vaporized with the laser immediately.Deep‐seated tumors may be exposed by incising the overlying cortex with a focused laser beam and the tumor then treated by conventional means or with the laser or both.Cystic tumors must be aspirated and then the laser used to vaporize the cyst wall. Wet cotton pads should be used to protect the brain. The experience with nine brain tumors is reported, pointing out advantages and disadvantages of the laser. A 300 watt CO2 was used for treatment. Measurement of the temperature of the brain 0.5 cm. from the point of vaporization is reported.
Stimulatory Effect of Laser on the Physiological Healing Process of Portio Surface
Authors: Kovács Lajos 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInjuries of the cervix lead to ectopion and erosion. The alkaline secretion of this ectopic epithelium is irritating. Therepy is directed toward acceleration of the healing process. Caustics, vaginal irrigation, and cautery have given less than desirable results. A simple, inexpensive, painless method not requiring hospitalization or loss of time from work is treatment with the helium neon laser. It stimulates growth of connective tissue and allows epitheliasation to take place. The method and results are discussed.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigations Prove Nd: YAG Laser Treatment to Be Safe
Authors: Halldórsson T H. , Rother W. , Langerholc J. , Frank F. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe safety of the application of the Nd:YAG laser for hemostasis in emergency gastro‐endoscopy when its irradiation is properly dosed is demonstrated on the basis of laboratory investigations as well as theoretical calculations on a mathematical model of internal scattering. The increased effectiveness of this laser compared with argon and CO2 lasers in producing in‐depth volume heating is shown to derive from the fortuitous combination of its low absorptivity with the scattering phenomenon.
China report. II. Laser medicine in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Jianan Qin , Bingrong Liu 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe application of lasers to medicine in the People's Republic of China allready has an history of more than fifteen years. Lasers are being used in various clinical departments such as ophthalomology, dermatology, otorhinolaryngology, surgery, obstetrics, gynecology, neurology, psychiatry, internal medicine, and acupuncture. A brief account of basic research and instrumentation is also presented. The academic activities of laser medicine in China are increasing repidly, and sugestions for the establishment of a Chinese Laser Medical Society have been proposed. The prospectives for laser medicine appear brilliant and promising.
Laser medicine in America: An overview
Authors: Goldman Leon 
Published: March 2007

AbstractLaser medicine, as differentiated from laser surgery, has made tremendous progress in recent years. Laser diagnosis includes various laser techniques such as spectroscopy, Doppler velocimetry. and cytofluorometry, including cell sorter systems for current htbridima technology. In addition, there is laser induced fluorescence for cancer detection and treatment. Laser immunobiology includes laser nephelometry. Laser acoustical microscopy and laser transillumination for cancer diagnosis are also a part of current laser medicine, which offers much for cancer research, diagnosis, and treatment.
The treatment of vascular malformation of the brain with laser source
Authors: Fasano V. A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe first three cases of vascular malformations in humans (two artero‐venous aneurysms and one saccular aneyrysm) treated with the association of CO2 laser and Neodymium: Yag lasers, are presented here. The post‐operative course has been very good. However, it is still necessary to examine a larger number of cases to see if, how, and when this treatment can be utalized in place of traditional methods.
The effect of laser osteotomy on bone healing
Authors: Gertzbein S. D. , Dedemeter D. , Cruickshank B. , Kapasouri A. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOsteotomy of the rat femur performed by the laser was compared to osteotomty made by a hand‐saw cut. It was noted that, radiographically and histologically, there was a delay in healing in the laser group, but biomechanical testing failed to reveal any significant difference in bone strength.
Preliminary report on the application of the CO2 laser scalpel for operations on the maxillo‐facial bones
Authors: Pao‐Chang Ma , Xiou‐qi Xu , Hui Zhou , Zheng Liou , Peng Zhuo Rui 
Published: March 2007

AbstractIn surgery about the face, it is frequently necessary to remove part of the bones. The CO2 laser is efficient in cutting out desired areas with the ability to leave unfractured bone behind. Because of the intense heat, one must realize the extent of bone injury and know about delayed healing. Suggestions for minimizing the injury are included.
Port wine stain coagulation experiments with a 540‐nm continuous wave dye‐lase
Authors: Hulsbergen Henning J.P. , Van Gemert M.J.C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractTreatment of port wine stains with a continuous wave dye laser at 540 nm was performed in three patients. Coagulation of the capillary blood plexus without damaging the epidermis and superficial dermis was shown to be possible for laser energy densities between 5 J/cm2 and 6.5 J/cm2. Vascular destruction was realised up to about 0.3 mm dermal depth. After 5 months the skin was perfectly normal. A comparison with argon laser treatment was made.
Rhinophyma treated by argon laser
Authors: Hulsbergen Henning J.P. , Van PhD M.J.C. Gemert 
Published: March 2007

AbstractResults are reported of rhinophyma treated by argon laser. The therapy is assumed to be based on two features: first, selective coagulation of the blood capillaries which cause redness of the nose and which feed the hypertrophic regions; second, direct coagulation shrinkage of the hypertrophic connective tissue. The therapy is simple, causes no noticeable discomfort, requires no (local) anaesthesia or admission, and can be performed more than once. Thirteen patients were treated, eleven men and two women. Systemic treatment could be stopped in all but one case (seven patients). Two out of ten patients still use resorcinol but at a reduced freqency. The general result is a smooth and more natural appearance of the nose without redness. Pustulosis has become an exception.