bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Histamine‐induced actin polymerization in human eosinophils: An imaging approach for histamine H4receptor
Authors: Barnard Ruth , Barnard Adrian , Salmon Gary , Liu Wai , Sreckovic Sasha 
Published: December 2007

AbstractImage‐based screening, a new and flexible tool in the drug discovery cascade, is amenable to many different targets. This article describes a particular use of the Cellomics ArrayScan in developing a functional screen for histamine H4receptor (H4R) antagonists that have potential utility in inflammatory diseases of the airways such as asthma, with H4R being expressed on a wide variety of immune cells including eosinophils. Exposure to histamine causes eosinophils to migrate from the bloodstream into the tissue where they contribute to inflammation. Migration is manifested through rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton and phalloidin, a biological peptide, selectively binds F‐actin over G‐actin and can be used to detect these cytoskeletal changes mediating inflammatory function. A fluorescent conjugate of phalloidin was used to visualize histamine‐induced actin polymerization in human eosinophils on the Cellomics ArrayScan. Inhibition of this phenomenon by commercially available histamine receptor antagonists was measured. The selective H4R antagonist JNJ7777120 inhibited histamine‐induced actin polymerization in eosinophils most potently. This assay illustrates that this phenomenon is mediated through the H4R and that the image‐based format has enhanced screening utility for identifying selective H4R antagonists over traditional flow cytometry methods. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology.
Automated classification of bacterial particles in flow by multiangle scatter measurement and support vector machine classifier
Authors: Rajwa Bartek , Venkatapathi Murugesan , Ragheb Kathy , Banada Padmapriya P. , Hirleman E. Daniel , Lary Todd , Robinson J. Paul 
Published: December 2007

AbstractBiological microparticles, including bacteria, scatter light in all directions when illuminated. The complex scatter pattern is dependent on particle size, shape, refraction index, density, and morphology. Commercial flow cytometers allow measurement of scattered light intensity at forward and perpendicular (side) angles (2° ≤ θ1 ≤ 20° and 70° ≤ θ2 ≤ 110°, respectively) with a speed varying from 10 to 10,000 particles per second. The choice of angle is dictated by the fact that scattered light in the forward region is primarily dependent on cell size and refractive index, whereas side‐scatter intensity is dependent on the granularity of cellular structures. However, these two‐parameter measurements cannot be used to separate populations of cells of similar shape, size, or structure. Hence, there have been several attempts in flow cytometry to measure the entire scatter patterns. The published concepts require the use of unique custom‐built flow cytometers and cannot be applied to existing instruments. It was also not clear how much information about patterns is really necessary to separate various populations of cells present in a given sample. The presented work demonstrates application of pattern‐recognition techniques to classify particles on the basis of their discrete scatter patterns collected at just five different angles, and accompanied by the measurement of axial light loss. The proposed approach can be potentially used with existing instruments because it requires only the addition of a compact enhanced scatter detector. An analytical model of scatter of laser beams by individual bacterial cells suspended in a fluid was used to determine the location of scatter sensors. Experimental results were used to train the support vector machine‐based pattern recognition system. It has been shown that information provided just by five angles of scatter and axial light loss can be sufficient to recognize various bacteria with 68–99% success rate. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Some new faces of membrane microdomains: A complex confocal fluorescence, differential polarization, and FCS imaging study on live immune cells
Authors: Gombos Imre , Steinbach Gábor , Pomozi István , Balogh Andrea , Vámosi György , Gansen Alexander , László Glória , Garab Győző , Matkó János 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLipid rafts are cholesterol‐ and glycosphingolipid‐rich plasma membrane microdomains, which control signal transduction, cellular contacts, pathogen recognition, and internalization processes. Their stability/lifetime, heterogeneity remained still controversial, mostly due to the high diversity of raft markers and cellular models. The correspondence of the rafts of living cells to liquid ordered (Lo) domains of model membranes and the effect of modulating rafts on the structural dynamics of their bulk membrane environment are also yet unresolved questions. Spatial overlap of various lipid and protein raft markers on live cells was studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy, while fluorescence polarization of DiIC18(3) and Bodipy‐phosphatidylcholine was imaged with differential polarization CLSM (DP‐CLSM). Mobility of the diI probe under different conditions was assessed by fluorescence correlation spectroscopic (FCS). GM1 gangliosides highly colocalized with GPI‐linked protein markers of rafts and a new anti‐cholesterol antibody (AC8) in various immune cells. On the same cells, albeit not fully excluded from rafts, diI colocalized much less with raft markers of both lipid and protein nature, suggesting the Lo membrane regions are not equivalents to lipid rafts. The DP‐CLSM technique was capable of imaging probe orientation and heterogeneity of polarization in the plasma membrane of live cells, reflecting differences in lipid order/packing. This property—in accordance with diI mobility assessed by FCS—was sensitive to modulation of rafts either through their lipids or proteins. Our complex imaging analysis demonstrated that two lipid probes—GM1 and a new anti‐cholesterol antibody—equivocally label the membrane rafts on a variety of cell types, while some raft‐associated proteins (MHC‐II, CD48, CD59, or CD90) do not colocalize with each other. This indicates the compositional heterogeneity of rafts. Usefulness of the DP‐CLSM technique in imaging immune cell surface, in terms of lipid order/packing heterogeneities, was also shown together with its sensitivity to monitor biological modulation of lipid rafts. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Imaging fluorescence detected linear dichroism of plant cell walls in laser scanning confocal microscope
Authors: Steinbach Gábor , Pomozi István , Zsiros Ottó , Páy Anikó , Horváth Gábor V. , Garab Győző 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAnisotropy carries important information on the molecular organization of biological samples. Its determination requires a combination of microscopy and polarization spectroscopy tools. The authors constructed differential polarization (DP) attachments to a laser scanning microscope in order to determine physical quantities related to the anisotropic distribution of molecules in microscopic samples; here the authors focus on fluorescence‐detected linear dichroism (FDLD). By modulating the linear polarization of the laser beam between two orthogonally polarized states and by using a demodulation circuit, the authors determine the associated transmitted and fluorescence intensity‐difference signals, which serve the basis for LD (linear dichroism) and FDLD, respectively. The authors demonstrate on sections of Convallaria majalis root tissue stained with Acridin Orange that while (nonconfocal) LD images remain smeared and weak, FDLD images recorded in confocal mode reveal strong anisotropy of the cell wall. FDLD imaging is suitable for mapping the anisotropic distribution of transition dipoles in 3 dimensions. A mathematical model is proposed to account for the fiber‐laminate ultrastructure of the cell wall and for the intercalation of the dye molecules in complex, highly anisotropic architecture. © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
Cytometry‐acquired calcium‐flux data analysis in activated lymphocytes
Authors: Kaposi A. S. , Veress G. , Vásárhelyi B. , Macardle P. , Bailey S. , Tulassay T. , Treszl A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractFlow cytometry enables the sequential determination of calcium levels in millions of stimulated lymphocytes over a short period of time. Current algorithms available are not suitable for the statistical analysis of this large amount of data. The authors aimed to develop a robust algorithm that fits a function to median values of measured data and provides an opportunity for statistical comparison between different calcium‐flux measurements. The alteration of calcium signal was monitored in CD4+ cells loaded with calcium binding fluorescent dyes and stimulated with phytohemagglutinin; the alteration of calcium signal was monitored for 10 minutes. The authors also reanalyzed published calcium‐flux data of CD3+ cells and Jurkat cells stimulated with different concentrations of anti‐CD3 and thapsigargin. The authors fitted different functions to the medians of data per time unit and identified hormesis function as the best fitting one. On the basis of the optimally fitting function, the authors calculated the most relevant biological descriptors such as starting value, peak, time to reach the maximum, and time to reach 50% of maximum before and after the peak. Statistically significant differences in cell activation kinetics at different stimulatory concentrations were also demonstrated. This approach enables us to characterize the kinetics and distribution of calcium‐flux data derived by flow cytometry and may be a reliable tool for the characterization of lymphocyte activation (for details see: http://calciumflux.intralab.eu). © 2007 International Society for Analytical Cytology
IPv6 delay and loss performance evolution
Authors: Zhou Xiaoming , Jacobsson Martin , Uijterwaal Henk , Van Mieghem Piet 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAlthough packet delay and loss are two important parameters of the Internet performance, to the best of our knowledge, the evolution of large‐scale IPv6 delay and loss performance has previously not been studied. In this paper, we analyze more than 600 end‐to‐end IPv6 paths between about 26 testboxes of RIPE Network Coordination Centre over two years, and compare the delay and loss performance over time with their IPv4 counterparts. We present and discuss the measurement methodologies and show that IPv6 paths have a higher delay and loss than their IPv4 counterparts. The main reason for the worse performance stems from IPv6‐in‐IPv4 tunnels rather than from native IPv6 paths and such tunnels are still widely used today. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Linear time‐invariant/time‐varying equalization of MIMO channels
Authors: El Asmi Sadok 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn this paper, the problem of equalization of linear multi‐input multi‐output (MIMO) channels is addressed. Using an algebraic approach, we propose a unifying formalism for the linear time‐invariant/time‐varying channel equalization problem. A new definition called algebraic equalization is presented. This allows us to derive the necessary and sufficient condition on the existence of equalizer. We describe the received signals in terms of Kalman model. This then provides us with a test of channel equalization, which may be performed formally in terms of ranks of some related matrices. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sample size requirements for indirect association studies of gene–environment interactions (G × E)
Authors: Hein Rebecca , Beckmann Lars , Chang‐Claude Jenny 
Published: December 2007

AbstractAssociation studies accounting for gene–environment interactions (G × E) may be useful for detecting genetic effects. Although current technology enables very dense marker spacing in genetic association studies, the true disease variants may not be genotyped. Thus, causal genes are searched for by indirect association using genetic markers in linkage disequilibrium (LD) with the true disease variants. Sample sizes needed to detect G × E effects in indirect case–control association studies depend on the true genetic main effects, disease allele frequencies, whether marker and disease allele frequencies match, LD between loci, main effects and prevalence of environmental exposures, and the magnitude of interactions. We explored variables influencing sample sizes needed to detect G × E, compared these sample sizes with those required to detect genetic marginal effects, and provide an algorithm for power and sample size estimations. Required sample sizes may be heavily inflated if LD between marker and disease loci decreases. More than 10,000 case–control pairs may be required to detect G × E. However, given weak true genetic main effects, moderate prevalence of environmental exposures, as well as strong interactions, G × E effects may be detected with smaller sample sizes than those needed for the detection of genetic marginal effects. Moreover, in this scenario, rare disease variants may only be detectable when G × E is included in the analyses. Thus, the analysis of G × E appears to be an attractive option for the detection of weak genetic main effects of rare variants that may not be detectable in the analysis of genetic marginal effects only. Genet. Epidemiol. 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Geological factors controlling Early Carboniferous carbonate platform development in the Netherlands
Authors: van Hulten F. F. N. , Poty E. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractA deep pre‐Silesian carbonate play has recently come into focus in the Netherlands and poses some real opportunities and challenges to the explorationist. Underneath the very thick cover of Westphalian and Namurian clastic sediments, which cover almost the entire Netherlands, a yet undiscovered petroleum system may be present in Dinantian carbonates. However, lack of well control and the significant depth involved has caused pre‐Silesian formations to be under‐explored. Furthermore, seismic definition below the widespread Permian Zechstein evaporites is often very poor. Nevertheless, recent discoveries in the Caspian Sea area have shown that during the Lower Carboniferous very thick carbonate bioherms can develop. These giant reservoirs related to large build‐ups can provide the required size for deep pre‐Silesian prospects in the southern North Sea area and Dutch onshore. From the sparse well control and extrapolation of limited geological data in the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Belgium and Germany, it is suggested that thick Dinantian platform carbonates may be present at the northern fringe of the London‐Brabant Massif. For realistic reservoir models of these platforms, areas outside the Netherlands have to be studied, for example the UK Midlands, and south of the London‐Brabant Massif, in eastern and southern Belgium. Although, the latter area has been affected by the Variscan Orogeny, the Dinantian‐aged rocks at outcrop provide a good model for the understanding of the frequency of the major depositional cycles, solution collapse, erosion and dolomitization processes.Dolomitization may be one of the most important processes that can provide good reservoir quality, and primary porosity related to reef growth, the second important process. Reservoir studies show, that significant reef growth, with associated grainstone facies on the windward side, is an important factor, to understand Dinantian‐aged reservoirs in the Caspian Sea area. Similarly, a dominant east to west wind direction may explain, the development of build‐ups and grainstone facies as an eastern fringe to the Dutch Dinantian platforms, but not on the leeward‐side of the London‐Brabant Massif in southern Belgium. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thirteen Steps to Improve Financial and Operational Performance While Improving Customer and Employee Loyalty
Authors: Higgins Brian , Young S. Mark 
Published: December 2007

AbstractEven during times of economic prosperity, organizations strive to improve financial and operational performance to enhance their viability and competitiveness in the marketplace. Given the plethora of methods available today to improve performance, the challenge is to identify the most comprehensive and comprehensible approach that holds the most promise of generating significant improvements. This article outlines a well‐tested approach from which 12 steps have been extracted that managers can follow that will result in dramatic improvements in bottom‐line performance, as well as improved competitiveness, customer loyalty, and employee commitment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Killer Takeover Bidding Strategies
Authors: Croft Elizabeth , Donker Han 
Published: December 2007

AbstractLet's face it: hostile takeovers can be exciting. Sometimes they are like a war between companies. But what is a good strategy for bidders to follow before the big battle so they can be the victors? What are the consequences of pursuing different strategies? And how can bidders avoid the dreaded winner's curse and other disasters? © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Doing the Right Deals
Authors: Martin Dale R. , Wathen Michael M. , Klee John J. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractExecuting a merger and acquisition (M&A) deal in today's economy, with tighter credit markets and increasing concerns about the impact of the subprime lending crisis, requires an effective strategy that will ensure you do the right deal at the right price. The authors reveal what makes a successful deal strategy today. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Mezzanine Financing: Is It for You?
Authors: Bean LuAnn 
Published: December 2007

AbstractCompanies that want to finance a leveraged buyout (LBO) should consider mezzanine financing. This can fill the gap between low‐risk collateralized debt, obtained from traditional lenders, and higher‐risk equity interests. But what are the pros and cons of this kind of financing? Is it a good option for your company? The author reveals what you should know before committing to this financial arrangement. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sucrose octasulfate regulates fibroblast growth factor‐2 binding, transport, and activity: Potential for regulation of tumor growth
Authors: Fannon Michael , Forsten‐Williams Kimberly , Nugent Matthew A. , Gregory Kalvin J. , Chu Chia Lin , Goerges‐Wildt Adrienne L , Panigrahy Dipak , Kaipainen Arja , Barnes Carmen , Lapp Cathy , Shing Yuen 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe antithrombotic activity of heparin has largely been credited with the success found in some cancer treatment by heparin. There are, however, many potent growth factors involved in tumor and blood vessel growth that bind to heparin with high affinity and their regulation by heparin may play a role in heparin's efficacy. We therefore chose to study the activity of a heparin analog, sucrose octasulfate (SOS), which has been similarly shown to interact with heparin‐binding growth factors. Using mouse melanoma and lung carcinoma models, we demonstrate in vivo inhibition of tumor growth by SOS. SOS, however, showed little effect in coagulation assays indicating that this activity was not a primary mechanism of action for this molecule. Studies were then performed to assess the effect of SOS on basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF‐2) activity, a growth factor which promotes tumor and blood vessel growth and is produced by B16 melanoma cells. SOS potently inhibited FGF‐2 binding to endothelial cells and stripped pre‐bound FGF‐2 from cells. SOS also regulated FGF‐2 stimulated proliferation. Further, SOS facilitated FGF‐2 diffusion through Descemet's membrane, a heparan sulfate‐rich basement membrane from the cornea, suggesting a possible role in FGF‐2 clearance. Our results suggest that molecules such as SOS have the potential to remove growth factors from tumor microenvironments and the approach offers an attractive area for further study. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 434–441, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative stress induces GLUT4 translocation by activation of PI3‐K/Akt and dual AMPK kinase in cardiac myocytes
Authors: Horie Takahiro , Ono Koh , Nagao Kazuya , Nishi Hitoo , Kinoshita Minako , Kawamura Teruhisa , Wada Hiromichi , Shimatsu Akira , Kita Toru , Hasegawa Koji 
Published: December 2007

AbstractIn response to metabolic stress, GLUT4, the most abundant glucose transporter, translocates from intracellular vesicles to the plasma membrane. This appears to play an important role in protecting cardiac myocytes from ischemic injury. To investigate the precise mechanisms of GLUT4 translocation in cardiomyocytes, we have established a method for quantifying the relative proportion of sarcolemmal GLUT4 to total GLUT4 in these cells. Stimulation with H2O2 resulted in a concentration‐dependent increase in GLUT4 translocation, which peaked at 15 min after stimulation. The dominant‐negative form (DN) of AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) α2 inhibited the H2O2‐induced translocation of GLUT4. We further examined the role of two known AMPK kinases (AMPKKs), calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK)β and LKB1. The DN of CaMKKβ or LKB1 alone inhibited H2O2‐induced GLUT4 translocation only partially compared to the inhibition produced by the DN of AMPKα2. However, the combination of DN‐LKB1 and DN‐CaMKKβ inhibited translocation to an extent similar to with DN‐AMPKα2. Stimulation with H2O2 also activated Akt and the inhibition of PI3‐K/Akt prevented GLUT4 translocation to the same extent as with AMPK inhibition. When the DN of AMPKα2 was applied with DN‐PI3‐K, there was a complete reduction in the GLUT4 membrane level similar to that seen at the 0 time‐point. These results demonstrate that AMPK and PI3‐K/Akt have an additive effect on oxidative stress‐mediated GLUT4 translocation. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 733–742, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Features that determine telomere homolog oligonucleotide‐induced therapeutic DNA damage‐like responses in cancer cells
Authors: Ohashi Norio , Yaar Mina , Eller Mark S. , Truzzi Francesca , Gilchrest Barbara A. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractThe article to which this erratum refers was published in J Cell Physiol (2007) 210:582–595. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 285, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Distinct functions of H‐Ras and K‐Ras in proliferation and survival of primary hepatocytes due to selective activation of ERK and PI3K
Authors: Rosseland Carola M. , Wierød Lene , Flinder Liv I. , Oksvold Morten P. , Skarpen Ellen , Huitfeldt Henrik S. 
Published: December 2007

AbstractRas proteins mediate signals both via extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK), and phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K). These signals are key events in cell protection and compensatory cell growth after exposure to cell damaging and pro‐apoptotic stimuli, thus maintaining homeostasis. By transfection techniques, we found that both H‐Ras and K‐Ras were expressed and appeared functionally active in primary hepatocytes. We compared the ability of H‐Ras and K‐Ras homologues to preferentially activate one of the two pathways, thereby differentially controlling cell survival and growth. We found that ectopic expression of dominant negative (DN) H‐RasN17, but not DN K‐RasN17, efficiently inhibited both phosphorylation and translocation of ERK to the nuclear compartment, which are prerequisites for cell cycle progression. Furthermore, ectopic expression of constitutive active (CA) H‐RasV12, but not CA K‐RasV12, potentiated EGF‐induced proliferation. We also found that expression of CA mutants of either H‐Ras or K‐Ras protected hepatocytes from transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1)‐induced apoptosis. However, H‐Ras‐induced survival was mediated by ERK/RSK as well as by PI3K, whereas K‐Ras‐induced survival was mediated by PI3K only. In conclusion, H‐Ras and K‐Ras had differential functions in proliferation and survival of primary hepatocytes. H‐Ras was the major mediator of ERK‐induced proliferation and survival, whereas H‐Ras and K‐Ras both mediated PI3K‐induced survival. J. Cell. Physiol. 215: 818–826, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.