bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Why do adolescents eat what they eat? Personal and social environmental predictors of fruit, snack and breakfast consumption among 12– 14-year-old Dutch students
Authors: Martens MK , Assema P van , Brug J 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe aim of the study was to investigate the relative importance of personal and social environmental predictors of the consumption of fruit, high-fat snacks and breakfast.DesignA school-based cross-sectional survey. Data were collected through written questionnaires.SettingStudents from eight schools in the southern part of The Netherlands.SubjectsSix hundred and one students from preparatory secondary vocational education schools.ResultsAbout a quarter of the variation in actual behaviours and intentions to change the behaviours could be explained. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that, for all three behaviours, higher intention to change was especially associated with a more positive attitude and subjective norm, and higher intentions to increase fruit intake with more positive self-efficacy expectations. With regard to actual consumption, a more positive attitude towards eating fruit was the only significant correlate of a higher consumption of fruit. A more positive attitude towards eating high-fat snacks, perceived lower intake of the mother, and higher food availability and accessibility were associated with consumption of high-fat snacks, and a more positive attitude to breakfast more frequently was associated with more frequent breakfast consumption.ConclusionThe results indicate that adolescents’ attitudes are the most important determinants of different health-related eating behaviours and intentions to change. Interventions promoting a healthy diet for adolescents should include creative strategies to achieve positive associations with healthy dietary changes.
Is the prevalence of dehydration among community-dwelling older adults really low? Informing current debate over the fluid recommendation for adults aged 70+years
Authors: Stookey Jodi Dunmeyer , Pieper Carl F , Cohen Harvey Jay 
Published: December 2005

AbstractObjectiveThe fluid recommendation for adults aged 70+ years has been criticised on the basis of a low prevalence of dehydration in community-dwelling older adults. This study explores whether the low prevalence might reflect limitations of individual dehydration indices.DesignCross-sectional data on plasma sodium, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, glucose and potassium were used to classify 1737 participants of the 1992 Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE) (70+ years) according to multiple dehydration indices. Associations between dehydration indices, health and functional status were evaluated.ResultsDepending on the indicator used, the prevalence of dehydration ranged from 0.5% for hypotonic hypovolaemia only (plasma tonicity <285 mOsm l−1 with orthostatic hypotension) to 60% with dehydration defined as either plasma sodium ≥145 mEq l−1, BUN/creatinine ratio ≥20, tonicity ≥295 mOsm l−1, or hypotonic hypovolaemia. Elevated tonicity and BUN/creatinine ratio were respectively associated with chronic disease and functional impairment.ConclusionsThe true prevalence of dehydration among community-dwelling adults may be low or high, depending on the indicator(s) used to define dehydration. Before we can pinpoint a generalisable prevalence of dehydration for community-dwelling seniors and draw conclusions about fluid recommendations, validation studies of dehydration indices and longitudinal studies of dehydration, health and functional status are needed.
Improving missing value estimation in microarray data with gene ontology
Authors: Tuikkala Johannes , Elo Laura , Nevalainen Olli S. , Aittokallio Tero 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Motivation: Gene expression microarray experiments produce datasets with frequent missing expression values. Accurate estimation of missing values is an important prerequisite for efficient data analysis as many statistical and machine learning techniques either require a complete dataset or their results are significantly dependent on the quality of such estimates. A limitation of the existing estimation methods for microarray data is that they use no external information but the estimation is based solely on the expression data. We hypothesized that utilizing a priori information on functional similarities available from public databases facilitates the missing value estimation.
Results: We investigated whether semantic similarity originating from gene ontology (GO) annotations could improve the selection of relevant genes for missing value estimation. The relative contribution of each information source was automatically estimated from the data using an adaptive weight selection procedure. Our experimental results in yeast cDNA microarray datasets indicated that by considering GO information in the k-nearest neighbor algorithm we can enhance its performance considerably, especially when the number of experimental conditions is small and the percentage of missing values is high. The increase of performance was less evident with a more sophisticated estimation method. We conclude that even a small proportion of annotated genes can provide improvements in data quality significant for the eventual interpretation of the microarray experiments.
Availability: Java and Matlab codes are available on request from the authors.
Supplementary material: Available online at
Contact: jotatu@utu.fi
GenomeDiagram: a python package for the visualization of large-scale genomic data
Authors: Pritchard Leighton , White Jennifer A. , Birch Paul R.J. , Toth Ian K. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Summary: We present GenomeDiagram, a flexible, open-source Python module for the visualization of large-scale genomic, comparative genomic and other data with reference to a single chromosome or other biological sequence. GenomeDiagram may be used to generate publication-quality vector graphics, rastered images and in-line streamed graphics for webpages. The package integrates with datatypes from the BioPython project, and is available for Windows, Linux and Mac OS X systems.
Availability: GenomeDiagram is freely available as source code (under GNU Public License) at , and requires Python 2.3 or higher, and recent versions of the ReportLab and BioPython packages.
Contact: lpritc@scri.ac.uk
Supplementary Information A user manual, example code and images are available at
ChroCoLoc: an application for calculating the probability of co-localization of microarray gene expression
Authors: Blake Jonathon , Schwager Christian , Kapushesky Misha , Brazma Alvis 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
With the production of whole genome microarray chips the ability arises to investigate whether the regulation of particular groups of genes may be influenced by their chromosomal localization. Chromosome Co-Localization probability calculator (ChroCoLoc) is a publicly available web-based tool for the analysis of co-localization of co-expressed genes identified by microarray experiments.
Availability:
Contact: blake@ebi.ac.uk
Effects of Lidocaine and Prednisolone on Endoscopic Rigid Laryngoscopy
Authors: Kocamanoglu Ismail Serhat , Sener Elif Bengi , Ustun Emre , Tur Ayla 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective/Hypothesis: The aim of this study is to compare the effects of lidocaine and methylprednisolone on postoperative respiratory complications caused by short‐term laryngeal surgery by way of rigid laryngoscope under general anesthesia. The effects of these drugs on recovery from anesthesia are also compared.Study Design: One hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to II patients over 20 years of age admitted for laryngeal mass, nodule, or polyp were included in this prospective, placebo‐controlled, randomized, and double‐blinded study.Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to four groups; methylprednisolone 3 mg.kg−1 (group 1), 0.9% saline physiologic 5 mL (group 2), lidocaine 1.5 mg.kg−1 (group 3) intravenously, seven puffs of lidocaine aerosol 10% to oropharyngolaryngeal structures topically (group 4) sprayed. Anesthesia recovery time was calculated. Respiratory system was evaluated using a scoring table during early postoperative period.Results: Ninety‐two cases were suitable for analysis. Recovery time was longer in group 1 (9.8 3± 3.79 minutes) than in groups 3 and 4 (7.22 ± 2.38, 7.50 ± 2.30 minutes, respectively) (P < .05). Postoperative respiratory complications were lower in groups 3 and 4 than group 2 (P < .05).Conclusions: Lidocaine intravenous or topical administration was effective in reducing postoperative respiratory complications after short‐term laryngeal surgery by way of rigid laryngoscope. Methylprednisolone prolonged recovery time from anesthesia.
Up‐Regulation of Peroxidase Proliferator‐Activated Receptorγ in Cholesteatoma
Authors: Hwang Soon Jae , Kang Hee Joon , Song Jae‐Jun , Kang Jae Seong , Woo Jeong Soo , Chae Sung Won , Lee Heung‐Man 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the localization and expression of peroxidase proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)γ in cholesteatoma epithelium.Study Design: Experimental study.Methods: Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed on cholesteatoma tissues from 10 adult patients undergoing tympanomastoid surgery for middle ear cholesteatoma and on 10 samples of normal external auditory canal skin tissue. The expression levels of PPARγ to glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase transcripts were semiquantified by densitometry. We also characterized the cellular localization of the PPARγ protein immunohistochemically. Ki‐67 was also localized to compare the proliferative activity of cells in cholesteatoma epithelium and in normal external auditory canal skin.Results: PPARγ mRNA and protein were detected in normal external auditory canal skin and in cholesteatoma epithelium. The expression level of PPARγ mRNA in cholesteatoma was significantly increased compared with that in normal external auditory canal skin. PPARγ protein was expressed in cells mainly in the granular and prickle cell layers. However, the intensity of its expression was generally decreased in the parabasal layer of the cholesteatoma epithelium. Ki‐67 was expressed in the nuclei of cells in the basal and parabasal layers, and a greater number of cells were Ki‐67 immunopositive in cholesteatoma epithelium.Conclusion: PPARγ is up‐regulated in the cholesteatoma epithelium compared with normal external auditory canal skin. These results suggest that PPARγ may play an important role in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma.
Continuous Laryngoscopy Exercise Test: A Method for Visualizing Laryngeal Dysfunction during Exercise
Authors: Heimdal John‐Helge , Roksund Ola D. , Halvorsen Thomas , Skadberg Britt T. , Olofsson Jan 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: To assess the diagnostic feasibility and patient acceptance of a new developed diagnostic test for exercise induced upper airway flow limitation.Study Design: Clinical case control study including evaluation of contemporary ergo‐spirometry and laryngoscopy continuously performed during exercise.Methods: Twelve nonsymptomatic controls and four young females with documented dyspnea and noisy breathing during exercise were studied. All subjects exercised to exhaustion on a treadmill while attached to a fully equipped ergo‐spirometry unit and a fiberoptic laryngoscope linked to a video camera and a sound recorder.Results: The test situation was well tolerated. Two control subjects had a minor inspiratory synchronous medial motion of the aryepiglottic folds without limitation of laryngeal airflow. In the four symptomatic subjects, exercise induced inspiratory synchronous medial motion of the dorsal part of the aryepiglottic folds as well as vocal cord adduction and inspiratory stridor was demonstrated.Conclusion: The continuous laryngoscopy exercise test was easy to perform, well tolerated, and can be implemented in future diagnostic work‐up programs of laryngeal dysfunction.
Effects of Nonabsorbable Packing in Middle Meatus after Sinus Surgery
Authors: Bugten Vegard , Nordgård Ståle , Skogvoll Eirik , Steinsvåg Sverre 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives/Hypothesis: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a nonabsorbable packing (NAP) in the middle meatus (MM) for 5 days after sinus surgery.Study Design: A randomized, partly blinded, controlled clinical trial.Methods: Sixty‐one patients (M/F = 30/31, mean age 42, range 18–72) with chronic or acute recurrent rhinosinusitis were included. Fifty‐nine underwent surgery. Thirty‐one had NAP in the MM for 5 days, and 28 served as controls with daily saline irrigations postoperatively. Primary outcome variables were nasal congestion, nasal pain, and headache the first 2 weeks rated on visual analogue scales (VAS; 0–100) and the amount of postoperative bleeding recorded on an ordinal scale (1–4). Secondary outcome variable was the extent of adhesions in MM 10 to 14 weeks after surgery judged by blinded evaluation of endoscopic video recordings.Results: Fifty‐eight patients completed a diary. No significant differences in primary outcome variables between the groups were found. Nasal congestion decreased most the first 5 to 7 days postoperatively. Removal of the NAP caused little pain (mean 23 on VAS). Temporary bleeding occurred in three patients. Bilateral adhesions were observed in 10 control patients but in none with NAP. Unilateral adhesions were found in nine control patients and in seven with NAP (exact P < .001).Conclusions: NAP in the MM for 5 days significantly reduced the extent of adhesions in MM compared with saline irrigation alone. NAP did not cause additional discomfort.
Should Ossicular Reconstruction Be Staged Following Tympanomastoidectomy
Authors: Kim Harold H. , Battista Robert A. , Kumar Arvind , Wiet Richard J. 
Published: January 2006

AbstractObjectives: To determine whether ossicular reconstruction (OCR) performed concurrent with tympanomastoidectomy for cholesteatoma results in significantly different hearing results when compared to OCR performed in a separate, staged procedure.Study Design: Retrospective.Materials and Methods: Study subjects were patients undergoing OCR within a 2‐year period. Intervention was OCR concurrent with tympanomastoidectomy for cholesteatoma (group 1) or staged following tympanomastoidectomy for cholesteatoma (group 2). Main outcome measures were mean postoperative air‐bone gap (ABG), proportion achieving ABG closure to <20 dB and <30 dB for group 1 and group 2 overall and when controlling for type of mastoid cavity created (open or closed) and the status of the stapes suprastructure (TORP vs. PORP OCR).Results: Eighty‐three patients were identified. Forty underwent OCR concurrent with tympanomastoidectomy and 43 underwent a staged OCR after tympanomastoidectomy. Overall, similar hearing results were seen in the two groups. When considering the status of the stapes and mastoid cavity, concurrent OCR resulted in improved mean postoperative ABG in a closed mastoid cavity with an intact stapes suprastructure (P = .024). Furthermore, a greater proportion of patients who had concurrent OCR within this group achieved ABG <20 dB and ABG <30 dB, although this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = .092 and P = .078, respectively). By contrast, staged OCR resulted in improved mean postoperative ABG and ABG <30 dB in open mastoid cavities with an absent stapes suprastructure (P = .040, and P = .019, respectively). Similarly, a greater proportion achieved ABG <20 dB, approaching statistical significance (P = .055).Conclusions: Staged OCR is advantageous in those with most severe disease, whereas those with least severe disease may benefit from a concurrent OCR.
Patterns of Sequence Loss and Cytosine Methylation within a Population of Newly Resynthesized Brassica napus Allopolyploids
Authors: Lukens Lewis N. , Pires J. Chris , Leon Enrique , Vogelzang Robert , Oslach Lynne , Osborn Thomas 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Allopolyploid formation requires the adaptation of two nuclear genomes within a single cytoplasm, which may involve programmed genetic and epigenetic changes during the initial generations following genome fusion. To study the dynamics of genome change, we synthesized 49 isogenic Brassica napus allopolyploids and surveyed them with 76 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) probes and 30 simple sequence repeat (SSR) primer pairs. Here, we report on the types and distribution of genetic and epigenetic changes within the S1 genotypes. We found that insertion/deletion (indel) events were rare, but not random. Of the 57,710 (54,383 RFLP and 3,327 SSR) parental fragments expected among the amphidiploids, we observed 56,676 or 99.9%. Three loci derived from Brassica rapa had indels, and one indel occurred repeatedly across 29% (14/49) of the lines. Loss of one parental fragment was due to the 400-bp reduction of a guanine-adenine dinucleotide repeat-rich sequence. In contrast to the 4% (3/76) RFLP probes that detected indels, 48% (35/73) detected changes in the CpG methylation status between parental genomes and the S1 lines. Some loci were far more likely than others to undergo epigenetic change, but the number of methylation changes within each synthetic polyploid was remarkably similar to others. Clear de novo methylation occurred at a much higher frequency than de novo demethylation within allopolyploid sequences derived from B. rapa. Our results suggest that there is little genetic change in the S0 generation of resynthesized B. napus polyploids. In contrast, DNA methylation was altered extensively in a pattern that indicates tight regulation of epigenetic changes.
Proteomic Analysis of Different Mutant Genotypes of Arabidopsis Led to the Identification of 11 Proteins Correlating with Adventitious Root Development
Authors: Sorin Céline , Negroni Luc , Balliau Thierry , Corti Hélène , Jacquemot Marie-Pierre , Davanture Marlène , Sandberg Göran , Zivy Michel , Bellini Catherine 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
A lack of competence to form adventitious roots by cuttings or explants in vitro occurs routinely and is an obstacle for the clonal propagation and rapid fixation of elite genotypes. Adventitious rooting is known to be a quantitative genetic trait. We performed a proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants affected in their ability to develop adventitious roots in order to identify associated molecular markers that could be used to select genotypes for their rooting ability and/or to get further insight into the molecular mechanisms controlling adventitious rooting. Comparison of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis protein profiles resulted in the identification of 11 proteins whose abundance could be either positively or negatively correlated with endogenous auxin content, the number of adventitious root primordia, and/or the number of mature adventitious roots. One protein was negatively correlated only to the number of root primordia and two were negatively correlated to the number of mature adventitious roots. Two putative chaperone proteins were positively correlated only to the number of primordia, and, interestingly, three auxin-inducible GH3-like proteins were positively correlated with the number of mature adventitious roots. The others were correlated with more than one parameter. The 11 proteins are predicted to be involved in different biological processes, including the regulation of auxin homeostasis and light-associated metabolic pathways. The results identify regulatory pathways associated with adventitious root formation and represent valuable markers that might be used for the future identification of genotypes with better rooting abilities.
Analysis of Freeze-Thaw Embolism in Conifers. The Interaction between Cavitation Pressure and Tracheid Size
Authors: Pittermann Jarmila , Sperry John S. 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
Ice formation in the xylem sap produces air bubbles that under negative xylem pressures may expand and cause embolism in the xylem conduits. We used the centrifuge method to evaluate the relationship between freeze-thaw embolism and conduit diameter across a range of xylem pressures (P x) in the conifers Pinus contorta and Juniperus scopulorum. Vulnerability curves showing loss of conductivity (embolism) with P x down to −8 MPa were generated with versus without superimposing a freeze-thaw treatment. In both species, the freeze-thaw plus water-stress treatment caused more embolism than water stress alone. We estimated the critical conduit diameter (D f) above which a tracheid will embolize due to freezing and thawing and found that it decreased from 35 μm at a P x of −0.5 MPa to 6 μm at −8 MPa. Further analysis showed that the proportionality between diameter of the air bubble nucleating the cavitation and the diameter of the conduit (kL) declined with increasingly negative P x. This suggests that the bubbles causing cavitation are smaller in proportion to tracheid diameter in narrow tracheids than in wider ones. A possible reason for this is that the rate of dissolving increases with bubble pressure, which is inversely proportional to bubble diameter (La Place's law). Hence, smaller bubbles shrink faster than bigger ones. Last, we used the empirical relationship between P x and D f to model the freeze-thaw response in conifer species.
Phloem Loading in Two Scrophulariaceae Species. What Can Drive Symplastic Flow via Plasmodesmata?
Authors: Voitsekhovskaja Olga V. , Koroleva Olga A. , Batashev Denis R. , Knop Christian , Tomos A. Deri , Gamalei Yuri V. , Heldt Hans-Walter , Lohaus Gertrud 
Published: December 2005

Abstract
To determine the driving forces for symplastic sugar flux between mesophyll and phloem, gradients of sugar concentrations and osmotic pressure were studied in leaf tissues of two Scrophulariaceae species, Alonsoa meridionalis and Asarina barclaiana. A. meridionalis has a typical symplastic configuration of minor-vein phloem, i.e. intermediary companion cells with highly developed plasmodesmal connections to bundle-sheath cells. In A. barclaiana, two types of companion cells, modified intermediary cells and transfer cells, were found in minor-vein phloem, giving this species the potential to have a complex phloem-loading mode. We identified all phloem-transported carbohydrates in both species and analyzed the levels of carbohydrates in chloroplasts, vacuoles, and cytoplasm of mesophyll cells by nonaqueous fractionation. Osmotic pressure was measured in single epidermal and mesophyll cells and in whole leaves and compared with calculated values for phloem sap. In A. meridionalis, a 2-fold concentration gradient for sucrose between mesophyll and phloem was found. In A. barclaiana, the major transported carbohydrates, sucrose and antirrhinoside, were present in the phloem in 22- and 6-fold higher concentrations, respectively, than in the cytoplasm of mesophyll cells. The data show that diffusion of sugars along their concentration gradients is unlikely to be the major mechanism for symplastic phloem loading if this were to occur in these species. We conclude that in both A. meridionalis and A. barclaiana, apoplastic phloem loading is an indispensable mechanism and that symplastic entrance of solutes into the phloem may occur by mass flow. The conditions favoring symplastic mass flow into the phloem are discussed.