bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
INCREASED ANTICARDIOLIPIN ANTIBODIES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEVELOPMENT OF ANETODERMA IN HIV‐1 DISEASE
Authors: LINDSTROM JILL , SMITH KATHLEEN J. , SKELTON HENRY G. , REDFIELD ROBERT , ALVING BARBARA M. , WAGNER KENNETH F. , LUPTON GEORGE P. ,   MILITARY MEDICAL CONSORTIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF RETROVIRAL RESEARCH (MMGARR)
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background and Objective. Anetoderma has been reported in patients with HIV‐1 disease. In patients with autoimmune disease, anetoderma has been associated with increased levels of antiphospholipid antibodies (APL) that include anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) and lupus anticoagulant (LA). This has led to speculation that the autoimmune phenomena seen in HIV‐1 disease and the immune dysregulation induced by HIV‐1 disease may play a role in the development of these lesions. We have seen both primary and secondary lesions of anetoderma in patients followed for HIV‐1 disease. In this study, we wanted to determine whether there was an association in the development of anetoderma and elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (ACA) in HIV‐1 patients. Methods. Quantitative ACA levels were measured in eight HIV‐1‐infected patients with anetoderma and four HIV‐1‐infected patients without anetoderma. Results. Anticardiolipin antibodies were moderately elevated in seven of eight patients with lesions and were borderline in the four HIV‐1‐positive patients without lesions of anetoderma. Conclusions. There appears to be a correlation between increased ACA and the development of cutaneous lesions of anetoderma in HIV‐I disease. Patterns of immune dysregulation, including APL, may predispose to the development of lesions of anetoderma in HIV‐1‐positive patients. Although some of the lesions appear to represent primary anetoderma, the majority of our patients develop lesions in areas secondary to well characterized eruptions.
ETHNIC AND GEOGRAPHIC DIFFERENCES AND SIMILARITIES OE HIV/AIDS‐RELATED MUCOCUTANEOUS DISEASES
Authors: SØNDERGAARD JORGEN , WEISMANN KAARE , VITHAYASAI P. , SRISUWAN S. , MANELA‐AZULAY M. ,   MEMBERS OF THE DANIDA STUDY GROUPS
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. A study on HIV/AIDS‐related mucocutaneous manifestations has been carried out in three different ethnic and geographic areas, namely Brazil, Denmark, and Thailand. Methods. The Brazil cohort comprised 110 patients, the Danish cohort 150, and the Thai cohort 206 patients. The majority of the Brazil and Thai cohort patients belonged to groups III and IV according to the CDC clinical staging system, whereas the patients in Denmark called their doctors earlier and only 8% were classified in groups III and IV. Results. In all three areas the number of mucocutaneous diseases correlated well with the progression of the HIV disease. Ethnic differences were not identified, whereas geographic differences related to skin infections were marked. In the Asian cohort a generalized fungal infection was detected with characteristic mucocutaneous symptoms caused by Penicillium marneffei. Conclusions. Teaching efforts about mucocutaneous signs as markers of HIV infection may be of value, particularly in developing areas, to allow earlier diagnosis. In future guidelines for classification of HIV/AIDS‐related mucocutaneous diseases geographic considerations should be included.
PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATORS, VENOUS LEG ULCERS AND REEPITHELIALIZATION
Authors: LOTTI TORELLO , BENCI MAUUIZIO 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background and Objective. The pathogenesis of leg ulcers due to chronic venous hypertension (CVH) seems to be related to perivenular fibrin‐film formation due to decreased cutaneous fibrinolytic activity dependent on reduced release of tissue‐type plasminogen activator that leads to tissue anoxia and ulcer formation. The purpose of the work is a spectrophotometric evaluation of urokinase (UPA) at the edge, the floor and in the periulcerous skin of leg ulcers. Methods. We examined a group of 10 patients with chronic leg ulcers caused by CVH. The biopsies from each patient were taken: (1) from the edge of the ulcer; (2) from the perilesional skin and (3) from the floor of the ulcer. Urokinase levels were evaluated in the same areas in 10 control subjects. The UPA activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. Results. The results of our study showed that UPA is detectable in the center of the ulcer, on the edge, in the perilesional skin, as well as in the controls. Data are statistically significant. The highest levels of UPA are found at the edge of the ulcer; they were lower in the center and in the periulcerous skin. Conclusion. A chemoattracting effect of UPA on human keratinocytes has been documented and this study showed significantly higher levels of UPA at the edge and on the floor of the ulcers, suggesting a possible role of an UPA gradient that could promote mobilization of keratinocytes from the edge to the floor, thus inducing reepithelialization. Moreover, UPA could play some role in neoangiogenesis and fibroblast chemoattraction, thus contributing in various ways to wound healing.
13‐CIS‐RETINOIC ACID AND BONE DENSITY
Authors: KOCIJANČIČ MILENA 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. 13‐Cis‐retinoic acid has an influence on bone in patients on long‐term treatment as well as on short‐term treatment. The presence of skeletal abnormalities after the treatment was established by roentgenologic and scintigraphic examinations. We wanted to know whether a 6‐month course of low‐dose 13‐cis‐retinoic acid has a clinically important influence on bone density in men with severe acne. Methods. We examined 15 men with severe acne before and after treatment with 13‐cis‐retinoic acid by dual‐photon absorptiometry of the lumbar spine. Results. The mean increase in bone density was 3.0% (95% confidence interval 1.3–4.5), which is normal for the period from puberty to late twenties. Bone density increased in 13 of our 15 patients. Conclusions. As shown by this highly sensitive modern densitometric method, 13‐cis‐retinoic acid has no clinically important influence on bone density in male patients with severe acne.
SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN SOUTH AFRICAN BLACKS: PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: JACYK WITOLD K. , STEENKAMP K. JOHANNA 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. The aim of the study was to evaluate clinical and laboratory findings in black South African patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and to compare these with findings in a group of white patients. Materials and Methods. Forty black patients were studied. The group of exclusively white patients reported by Beutner et al. was used for comparison. Results. A decreased frequency of malar rash, photosensitivity, and hematologic involvement was found in black patients. They had anti‐Sm and anti‐nRNP antibodies and low complement more often than white patients with SLE in Beutner et al. group. Conclusions. More differences have been noted in laboratory than in clinical parameters and findings reported in African‐Americans with SLE have been confirmed in black Africans. Ethnic factors may play a role in the symptomatology of SLE.
CHRONIC DISCOID LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS IN THAILAND: DIRECT IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE STUDY
Authors: KULTHANAN KANOKVALAI , ROONGPHIBOOLSOPIT PAISAL , CHANJANAKIJSKUL SOMCHAI , KULLAVANIJAYA PREYA 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Studies of chronic discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) lesions by direct immunofluorescence (DIF) were heterogeneous with respect to classes of immunoglobulins and sites where these were deposited. Most of the studies were done in the USA and European countries. Materials and Methods. To obtain representative data from Asiatic countries, we analyzed the direct immunofluorescent abnormalities of 100 DLE lesions in Thai patients who were diagnosed on the basis of clinical and histologic criteria. Results. Granular deposits at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ) were detected in 90% of cases. The common immunoreactants at the DEJ were IgG (63%) and IgM (47%). The deposits were usually combinations of various classes of immunoglobulins, mostly IgG (53%) and IgM (41%). Deposits of IgG and IgM alone at the DEJ were observed in 12% and 8%, respectively. Deposits at colloid bodies, dermal blood vessel walls, and epidermal nuclei were sometimes also seen. Conclusions. The DIF test of skin biopsy specimens is diagnostically significant in chronic DLE. Our study in Thai patients showed that the most common deposit was a combination of various classes of immunoglobulins, mostly IgG and often IgM as well as C3, and occurred at the DEJ of the involved area.
SUPPLEMENTAL TESTS IN THE EVALUATION Of OCCUPATIONAL HAND DERMATITIS IN SOLDIERS
Authors: WOLF RONNI , MOVSHOWITZ MOSHE , BRENNER SARAH 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Hand dermatitis in soldiers is a considerable problem. The purpose of the study was to evaluate appropriate screening tests to improve the diagnosis of hand dermatitis in soldiers. Materials and Methods. A group of 111 soldiers with occupational dermatitis from contact with fuels and oils underwent “tailored patch tests” with allergens relevant to their field of work and their environment. The control group consisted of 24 soldiers with various jobs similar to those of civilian life, who had not been exposed to oils and fuels. Seventy‐three civilian patients, attending the clinic for patch testing, were also included. Twenty soldiers, who had a history of intensive contact with oil and fuels, but no contact dermatitis, and who were admitted because of various skin diseases (fungal infections, acne, etc.) also underwent the supplemental testing and served as an additional control group. Results. Of the soldiers, 31 (29%) showed one or more positive skin tests of the oil series and 30 patients of this group one or more positive reactions to the standard patch tests trays. No patient of the control groups had a positive test to the oil series. Conclusions. Our results show the value of the supplementary tests as a first‐step screening test for detection of oil allergy in soldiers and automobile‐mechanics or in workers handling other gasoline‐ or diesel‐powered engineering equipment. The test method appears to be practical, easy to perform, reliable and giving clear and accurate results, with a negligible rate of false positive reactions.
SENSITIZATION TO PARA‐TERTIARY‐BUTYLPHENOLFORMALDEHYDE RESIN
Authors: MASSONE LUIGI , ANONIDE ANTONIO , BORGHI SUSANNA , USIGLIO DAVID 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Phenolformaldehyde resins, especially the para‐tertiary‐butylphenolformaldehyde resin (PTBP‐FR), are widely used in industry and in numerous materials of everyday use, such as glues, adhesives, or inks. They can cause many occupational and nonoccupational cases of dermatitis. Patients and Methods. Forty‐one patients with positive patch test results to PTBP‐FR were selected for this study. They were patch‐tested with a series of chemically related compounds and cross‐reactions were noted. Results. Phenolformaldehyde resin (PF‐R) was frequently positive (65.8%), whereas other compounds gave a much smaller number of positive results. Cases of occupational exposure (24.4%), location of the dermatitis (hands were involved in 46.3% of cases), and possible sources of exposure (shoes were the responsible agent in 12.2% of cases) were evaluated. Conclusions. Phenolformaldehyde resins are an important cause of contact dermatitis and must be studied chemically and clinically to improve the prognosis of sensitized patients.
ISOTRETINOIN FOR ACNE VULGARIS
Authors: AL‐KHAWAJAH MARWAN M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. The clinical efficacy of oral isotretinoin in the treatment of severe acne is now well established and so are the clinical and laboratory adverse effects of the drug. Isotretinoin was first introduced in Saudi Arabia late in 1987. In this 7‐year retrospective study, efficacy and side effects of isotretinoin are reviewed in Saudi patients with acne vulgaris seen in a university skin clinic in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods. A total of 262 patients had been treated with isotretinoin. Their case records were studied with reference to demographic data, clinical findings, dosage of isotretinoin, response to the drug, and the prevalence and severity of clinical and laboratory adverse effects. Results. Only 156 case records (69.9% women) could be evaluated. Most patients received 0.60 to 0.75 mg of isotretinoin per kg per day for a period ranging from 16 to 35 weeks (mean ± SD: 21.2 ± 3.3 weeks); a total cumulative dose of 75 to 146 mg per kg (mean ± SD: 104 ± 10.6 mg per kg). Approximately 56% of the patients had therapy‐resistant moderate acne and only 14% had nodulocystic acne. Of the patients, 90.4% had an excellent response and 3.8% were poor responders. Adverse effects occurred in 99% of the patients, but in no case did they lead to discontinuation of the drug. Except for minor differences in prevalence, the clinical side effects were similar to those reported in the literature. Elevation of plasma triglyceride levels was the most significant laboratory adverse effect. Conclusions. This is the first report on the experience with isotretinoin in the treatment of acne in the Middle East. Moderate doses of isotretinoin are well tolerated and produce excellent results in Saudi patients with acne.
ADVANCED EPIDEMIC KAPOSI'S SARCOMA: TREATMENT WITH BLEOMYCIN OR COMBINATION OF DOXORUBICIN, BLEOMYCIN, AND VINCRISTINE
Authors: HERNÁNDEZ DIMAS E. , PÉREZ JOSÉ R. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Systemic chemotherapy is a treatment modality in the management of epidemic Kaposi's sarcoma (EKS). We conducted a prospective trial to compare bleomycin as a single agent with a regimen of low‐dose doxorubicin, bleomycin, and vincristine (ABV) in patients with advanced EKS. Methods. Twenty‐four homosexual or bisexual patients, between 21 and 40 years old, with positive enzyme‐linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test for HIV and extensive EKS were included in the study. Half of the patients received bleomycin alone and the other half ABV. Results. A total of seven patients achieved stable disease (SD) and five progressed during bleomycin treatment. A total of four patients achieved partial remission and eight SD during ABV treatment. There was no survival benefit between either arm of treatment. Conclusions. Bleomycin alone is not a good starting agent for EKS, whereas ABV seems to be a good choice, because it can produce an acceptable palliation of advanced EKS without major toxicity.
SKIN SURFACE LIPIDS IN HIV‐POSITIVE PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT SEBORRHEIC DERMATITIS
Authors: OSTLERE LUCY S. , TAYLOR CHRISTOPHER R. , HARRIS DAVID W.S. , RUSTIN MALCOLM H. A. , WRIGHT STEPHEN , JOHNSON MARGARET 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Seborrheic dernnatitis (SD) is a frequent complication of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Most studies examining the cause of SD have concentrated on the roles of Pityrosporum ovale and sebaceous lipids. Previous studies of skin surface lipid from patients with SD have produced conflicting results, with some authors reporting an abnormal lipid composition and others finding little or no abnormality. Methods. The composition of skin surface lipid was studied in 15 HIV‐positive and 10 HIV‐negative men with SD, in 14 HIV‐positive men without SD, and in 16 unaffected controls. Total lipids were extracted from unaffected forehead skin into petroleum ether and separated into lipid classes by thin layer chromatography. The lipid classes were quantitated by densitometry after charring with sulfuric acid. Results. Patients, HIV‐positive with SD, had significantly lower proportions of free fatty acid (FFA) and higher levels of triglyceride than normal controls. Patients, HIV‐positive without SD, had a significantly increased proportion of FFA compared to HIV‐positive patients with SD. Patients with SD, both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative, had a similar pattern of skin surface lipid. Levels of FFA were lower and those of triglyceride higher than in the patients unaffected by SD, whether HIV‐positive or not. There was no significant difference found between groups in free cholesterol, wax esters, and squalene. Conclusions. Abnormalities of skin surface lipid composition may play a part in the development of SD in both HIV‐positive and HIV‐negative men.
SKIN DISEASES AMONG ADOLESCENT BOYS IN ABHA, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: BAHAMDAN KHALED , MAHFOUZ AHMED A.R. , TALLAB TALAL , BADAWI IBRAHIM A. , AL‐AMARI OMAR M. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Adolescence is characterized by a sensitivity to issues of attractiveness. With dermatologic conditions, this may adversely affect early detection and compliance. Methods. A cross‐sectional study was carried out on a multistage stratified random sample of 647 adolescent schoolboys in Abha, Saudi Arabia, to determine the prevalence of skin diseases. The age of the boys ranged from 11 to 19 years with an average of 15.3 ± 1.9 years. Results. It was found that 19.8% of the children were affected by one form or another of transmissible skin diseases (TSD). The most common types were: pediculosis capitis (9.6%), verruca vulgaris (3.9%), and tinea pedis (1.9%). The prevalence of TSD increased significantly as the age decreased and as the crowding index increased. As for nontransmissible skin diseases, acne vulgaris was the most prevalent disease (56.3%). The prevalence and severity of acne increased significantly as the age increased. Conclusions. The findings indicate the need to develop regional intervention programs at the school level. Appropriate continuing medical education programs for school health workers in the region are mandatory to achieve this goal.
CUTANEOUS MANIFESTATIONS OF SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: STUDY FROM LAHORE, PAKISTAN
Authors: KAPADIA NASEEMA , HAROON TAHIR SAEED 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder in which cutaneous lesions occur in 85% of patients. This study from Lahore, Pakistan, was conducted to determine the pattern and incidence of such lesions in SLE. Methods. Forty patients with SLE fulfilling the clinical and laboratory criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (ARA) (1982) were examined between October 1992 and September 1993 for the presence of cutaneous manifestations. Results. Skin changes noted were: noncicatricial diffuse alopecia (82.5%), malar rash (60%), mucosal lesions (60%), discoid eruption (57.5%), photosensitivity (60%), nail involvement (55%), vascular lesions (50%), pruritus (45%), and pigmentary changes (37.5%). Peripheral gangrene, chronic ulcers, Raynaud's phenomenon, urticaria, chilblains, thrombophlebitis, palmar erythema, and erythema multiforme were rare. Antinuclear antibody reaction was positive in 80% and anti‐dsDNA antibodies in 70%. Conclusion. A different clinical pattern was noted in our patients than reported previously.
CORNEOCYTES IN SCALY PARAKERATOTIC DISEASES
Authors: AMER MOHAMED , MOSTAFA FAWZIA FARAG , TOSSON ZENAB , NASR AWATIF NAGIB 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background and Objectives. The stratum corneum of some of the scaly (parakeratotic) diseases was examined with light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with the purpose to reveal the importance of this layer in the diagnosis of some of the diseases associated with the formation of scales. Materials and Methods. Two biopsies of the skin surface were taken: one, obtained from 80 patients with various parakeratotic scaly diseases and from 25 control subjects, was processed for light microscopy; the other biopsy for SEM was taken from 10 control subjects and 25 patients. The diagnoses of these patients were: psoriasis (5 patients), erythrodermic psoriasis (2 subjects), parapsoriasis (5 patients), pityriasis rubra pilaris (5 subjects), pityriasis rosea (3 subjects), and seborrheic dermatitis (5 subjects). Results. The light microscopic studies showed that normal corneocytes are of polygonal shape with their largest diameter measuring 42 μm; these cells lacked nuclei. All parakeratotic cells appeared bizarre in shape, smaller than normal, and the cells contained a nucleus. With SEM, normal cells appeared relatively regular in size and shape, trabeculated, and had a flat surface. Cells examined in all the diseases revealed various sizes, outlines, and trabeculae. Specific surface patterns (print) of diseased cells were: “fish‐scale” in psoriasis; “marbled” in parapsoriasis, “rocky stone” in pityriasis rubra pilaris; “heart‐shaped” in seborrheic dermatitis, and semi‐crystalloid in pityriasis rosea. Conclusions. Parakeratosis is characterized not only by the retention of the nucleus in keratinocytes, but is also characterized by a cell of smaller size. The specific print of a disease helps in the diagnosis. The print will change with different stages of a disease.
LETHAL EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA IN BLACK SOUTH AFRICAN NEONATES
Authors: BOTHWELL JANET E. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. While there have been a number of reports of epidermolysis bullosa (EB) occurring in South African black neonates, the disorder occurs rarely and the electron‐microscopic findings in affected South African patients have not been documented previously. Methods. All patients with neonatal EB who were biopsied for electron microscopy at the South African Institute for Medical Research between 1986 and 1992 were included in the study. The eight boys and three girls had extensive blistering and all died within the first few months of life. Results. Nine of the patients showed the features of junctional EB, whereas the remaining two were classified as dystrophic EB. There were no differences in the clinical manifestations between the two categories. Conclusions. The lethal form of EB in South African black neonates is associated with at least two types of basement membrane defect.
MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGIC ANALYSIS OF JAPANESE PATIENTS WITH MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM
Authors: YAMASHITA HIROKO , UEMURA TOMOKO , KAWASHIMA MAKOTO 
Published: May 2007

Abstract Background. Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) causes molluscum contagiosum (MC) in both children and adults. Recent studies have revealed that the DNA of MCV can be classified into two major types by restriction enzyme cleavage patterns; however, the relationship between MCV types and the clinical features has not been fully understood. Our study was conducted to examine whether there are geographic differences in the incidence of MCV types and whether a correlation exists between MCV types and the age, sex, and clinical status of the patients. Methods. Specimens were obtained from 171 Japanese patients. The total DNA was extracted and digested with the restriction enzymes, BamH I, Hind III, and Cla I, respectively. Specimens were then electrophoresed in agarose gels. The gels were stained with ethidium bromide and photographs were taken under transillumination. Results. Six different cleavage patterns were observed; they were classified into two major types, MCV 1 and MCV 2, consisting of two MCV 1‐variants, and MCV 2 prototype, and three MCV 2‐variants. The ratio of MCV 1 to MCV 2 was 13:1. Mcv 1 was commonly detected in children (98%) and adult Women (92%). MCV 2 was more frequently isolated from adult men (44%) and from patients with human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (75%). Conclusion. MCV types found in Japanese children and adult women were predominantly MCV 1 and less frequently MCV 2. This pattern is similar to that observed in European countries and Australia, suggesting a high frequency and World‐wide distribution of MCV 1. The higher incidence of MCV 2 among adult men and HIV‐positive patients may indicate that transmission routes of MCV 1 and MCV 2 is somewhat different of which the latter may be in part by sexual contact.