bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Syphilis and Congenital Syphilis
Authors: Kinghorn George R. , Omer Rasha 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bacterial sexually transmitted infections remain common causes of global ill health in which social, economic and behavioural factors are key determinants of their prevalence. They also have biological synergy with the human immunodeficiency virus. Although the incidence of early syphilis is again increasing in most high‐income countries, the classic late syndromes of ‘the great imitator’ causing premature death have become uncommon. Diagnostic techniques have continued to evolve. The World Health Organization has set ambitious targets for the eradication of congenital syphilis. Success requires coordinated multiagency approaches, enhanced surveillance efforts and reliability of appropriate penicillin supplies that have proved difficult to sustain in many low‐income countries.
Arthropods
Authors: Bernigaud Charlotte , Monsel Gentiane , Delaunay Pascal , Chosidow Olivier 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This chapter provides an introductory overview of arthropods that are medically important to humans. The authors describe the anatomy and physiology of various arthropods, including insects, spiders and mites, and discuss their role in transmitting diseases to humans. They also provide guidance on identifying and managing arthropod bites, stings and infestations. The chapter includes information on the clinical presentation, diagnosis and management of common arthropod‐related conditions, such as lice, scabies and bed bug infestations. The authors emphasise the importance of a thorough patient history and physical examination in the diagnosis of arthropod‐related conditions, and provide practical advice on prevention and treatment. Overall, this chapter serves as a useful resource for medical doctors and dermatologists who encounter patients with arthropod‐related conditions in their practice.
Disorders Affecting Cutaneous Vasculature
Authors: Dompmartin Anne , Revencu Nicole , Boon Laurence M. , Vikkula Miikka 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Disturbances can occur during the development of cutaneous vessels. These result in lesions that are called vascular anomalies. They are divided into vascular tumours and vascular malformations on the basis of clinical, radiological and histological aspects. Depending on the vessel type affected, the malformations are further divided into capillary, arteriovenous, venous and lymphatic malformations. The latter includes the group of variable primary lymphoedemas. Genetic testing is now added to the parameters used for diagnosis and classification. This has led to new group terms, such as PROS for PIK3CA‐related overgrowth syndromes and PIKopathies for vascular anomalies that have a mutation in the TIE2‐PI3K signalling pathway, as opposed to RASopathies with a mutation in the EPHB4‐RAS signalling pathway.
Red/NIR‐I‐Fluorescence Carbon Dots Based on Rhein with Active Oxygen Scavenging and Colitis Targeting for UC Therapeutics
Authors: Xia Jiashan , Wang Jiayu , Liu Fengyuan , Chen Zhiqiong , Chen Changmei , Cheng Xiangshu , Chao Yu , Wang Yue , Deng Tao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractUlcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with uncontrolled inflammation and demage to the intestinal barrier. Rhein, a bioactive compound in traditional Chinese medicine, has anti‐inflammatory and intestinal repair effect. However, their clinical application is limited by their hydrophobicity and poor bioavailability. L‐arginine, as a complement to NO, has synergistic and attenuating effects. In this paper, red/NIR‐I fluorescent carbon dots based on rhein and doped with L‐arginine (RA‐CDs), which are synthesized by a hydrothermal process without any organic solvents, are reported. RA‐CDs preserve a portion of the functional group of the active precursor, increase rhein solubility, and emit red/NIR‐I light for biological imaging. In vitro experiments show that RA‐CDs scavenge excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS), protect cells from oxidative stress, and enable the fluorescence imaging of inflamed colons. In a DSS‐induced UC mouse model, both delayed and prophylactic treatment with RA‐CDs via intraperitoneal and tail vein injections alleviate UC severity by reducing intestinal inflammation and restoring the intestinal barrier. This study highlights a novel strategy for treating and imaging UC with poorly soluble small‐molecule drugs.
MOF/MXene Composites: Synthesis, Application and Future Perspectives
Authors: Bibi Shumaila , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Nazir Muhammad Altaf , Helal Mohamed H. , El‐Bahy Salah M. , El‐Bahy Zeinhom M. , Ullah Sultan , Wattoo Muhammad Ahmad , Rehman Aziz ur 
Published: March 2024

Abstract2D MXenes family creates an interest in environmental cleaning and energy conversion. It shows large surface functional groups, electronic transmission, and electrical conductivity. This research focuses on Metal Organic Framework‐based Ti3C2 heterojunctions, directing on surface morphology control, customizable electrical structure, high performance in Ti3C2‐based electrocatalytic devices, and energy storage as a supercapacitor. In addition, future development obstacles and viable research possibilities are presented. MXene detailed analysis reveals a fundamental study, structure‐activity connections, and potential research paths for environmental applications. Specially developed MOF/MXene nanoarchitectures with remarkable features are highlighted in several study fields, including the chemical sciences, environmental engineering, physics, catalysis, and nanotechnology. They represent a new class of cutting‐edge developing materials. Mainly, the presented review describes multiple synthesis approaches by adjusting conditions for MOF/MXene nanoarchitectures with varying morphologies, and intriguing properties can also be developed for electrochemical energy conversion and storage.
Structural Stabilization of Clinically Oriented Oligomeric Proteins During their Transit through Synthetic Secretory Amyloids
Authors: Sánchez Julieta M. , López‐Laguna Hèctor , Parladé Eloi , Somma Angela Di , Livieri Andrea L. , Álamo Patricia , Mangues Ramón , Unzueta Ugutz , Villaverde Antonio , Vázquez Esther 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping time‐sustained drug delivery systems is a main goal in innovative medicines. Inspired by the architecture of secretory granules from the mammalian endocrine system it has generated non‐toxic microscale amyloid materials through the coordination between divalent metals and poly‐histidine stretches. Like their natural counterparts that keep the functionalities of the assembled protein, those synthetic structures release biologically active proteins during a slow self‐disintegration process occurring in vitro and upon in vivo administration. Being these granules formed by a single pure protein species and therefore, chemically homogenous, they act as highly promising time‐sustained drug delivery systems. Despite their enormous clinical potential, the nature of the clustering process and the quality of the released protein have been so far neglected issues. By using diverse polypeptide species and their protein‐only oligomeric nanoscale versions as convenient models, a conformational rearrangement and a stabilization of the building blocks during their transit through the secretory granules, being the released material structurally distinguishable from the original source is proved here. This fact indicates a dynamic nature of secretory amyloids that act as conformational arrangers rather than as plain, inert protein‐recruiting/protein‐releasing granular depots.
Intraoperative Resection Guidance and Rapid Pathological Diagnosis of Osteosarcoma using B7H3 Targeted Probe under NIR‐II Fluorescence Imaging
Authors: Zeng Fanwei , Li Changjian , Wang Han , Wang Yueqi , Ren Tingting , He Fangzhou , Jiang Jie , Xu Jiuhui , Wang Boyang , Wu Yifan , Yu Yiyang , Hu Zhenhua , Tian Jie , Wang Shidong , Tang Xiaodong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractComplete removal of all tumor tissue with a wide surgical margin is essential for the treatment of osteosarcoma (OS). However, it's difficult, sometimes impossible, to achieve due to the invisible small satellite lesions and blurry tumor boundaries. Besides, intraoperative frozen‐section analysis of resection margins of OS is often restricted by the hard tissues around OS, which makes it impossible to know whether a negative margin is achieved. Any unresected small tumor residuals will lead to local recurrence and worse prognosis. Herein, based on the high expression of B7H3 in OS, a targeted probe B7H3‐IRDye800CW is synthesized by conjugating anti‐B7H3 antibody and IRDye800CW. B7H3‐IRDye800CW can accurately label OS areas after intravenous administration, thereby helping surgeons identify and resect residual OS lesions (<2 mm) and lung metastatic lesions. The tumor‐background ratio reaches 4.42 ± 1.77 at day 3. After incubating fresh human OS specimen with B7H3‐IRDye800CW, it can specifically label the OS area and even the microinvasion area (confirmed by hematoxylin‐eosin [HE] staining). The probe labeled area is consistent with the tumor area shown by magnetic resonance imaging and complete HE staining of the specimen. In summary, B7H3‐IRDye800CW has translational potential in intraoperative resection guidance and rapid pathological diagnosis of OS.
Electrically Tunable Multiple‐Effects Synergistic and Boosted Photoelectric Performance in Te/WSe2 Mixed‐Dimensional Heterojunction Phototransistors
Authors: Cao Hechun , Hu Tao , Zhang Jiyue , Zhao Dongyang , Chen Yan , Wang Xudong , Yang Jing , Zhang Yuanyuan , Tang Xiaodong , Bai Wei , Shen Hong , Wang Jianlu , Chu Junhao 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMix‐dimensional heterojunctions (MDHJs) photodetectors (PDs) built from bulk and 2D materials are the research focus to develop hetero‐integrated and multifunctional optoelectronic sensor systems. However, it is still an open issue for achieving multiple effects synergistic characteristics to boost sensitivity and enrich the prospect in artificial bionic systems. Herein, electrically tunable Te/WSe2 MDHJs phototransistors are constructed, and an ultralow dark current below 0.1 pA and a large on/off rectification ratio of 106 is achieved. Photoconductive, photovoltaic, and photo‐thermoelectric conversions are simultaneously demonstrated by tuning the gate and bias. By these synergistic effects, responsivity and detectivity respectively reach 13.9 A W−1 and 1.37 × 1012 Jones with 400 times increment. The Te/WSe2 MDHJs PDs can function as artificial bionic visual systems due to the comparable response time to those of the human visual system and the presence of transient positive and negative response signals. This work offers an available strategy for intelligent optoelectronic devices with hetero‐integration and multifunctions.
Low Contact Resistance Organic Single‐Crystal Transistors with Band‐Like Transport Based on 2,6‐Bis‐Phenylethynyl‐Anthracene
Authors: Sun Yanan , Shi Xiaosong , Yu Yamin , Zhang Zhilei , Wu Miao , Rao Limei , Dong Yicai , Zhang Jing , Zou Ye , You Shengyong , Liu Jie , Lei Ming , Liu Chuan , Jiang Lang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractContact resistance has become one of the main bottlenecks that hinder further improvement of mobility and integration density of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Much progress has been made in reducing contact resistance by modifying the electrode/semiconductor interface and decreasing the crystal thickness, however, the development of new organic semiconductor materials with low contact resistance still faces many challenges. Here, 2,6‐bis‐phenylethynyl‐anthracene (BPEA) is found, which is a material that combines high mobility with low contact resistance. Single‐crystal BEPA OFETs with a thickness of ≈20 nm demonstrated high mobility of 4.52 cm2 V−1 s−1, contact resistance as low as 335 Ω cm, and band‐like charge transport behavior. The calculated compatibility of the EHOMO of BPEA with the work function of the Au electrode, and the decreased |EHOMO‐ΦAu| with the increase of external electric field intensity from source to gate both contributed to the efficient charge injection and small contact resistance. More intriguingly, p‐type BPEA as a buffer layer can effectively reduce the contact resistance, improve the mobility, and meanwhile inhibit the double‐slope electrical behavior of p‐channel 2,6‐diphenyl anthracene (DPA) single‐crystal OFETs.
Ultrafast Metal‐Free Microsupercapacitor Arrays Directly Store Instantaneous High‐Voltage Electricity from Mechanical Energy Harvesters
Authors: Chen Shiqian , Li Zheng , Huang Po‐Han , Ruiz Virginia , Su Yingchun , Fu Yujie , Alesanco Yolanda , Malm B. Gunnar , Niklaus Frank , Li Jiantong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHarvesting renewable mechanical energy is envisioned as a promising and sustainable way for power generation. Many recent mechanical energy harvesters are able to produce instantaneous (pulsed) electricity with a high peak voltage of over 100 V. However, directly storing such irregular high‐voltage pulse electricity remains a great challenge. The use of extra power management components can boost storage efficiency but increase system complexity. Here utilizing the conducting polymer PEDOT:PSS, high‐rate metal‐free micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) arrays are successfully fabricated for direct high‐efficiency storage of high‐voltage pulse electricity. Within an area of 2.4 × 3.4 cm2 on various paper substrates, large‐scale MSC arrays (comprising up to 100 cells) can be printed to deliver a working voltage window of 160 V at an ultrahigh scan rate up to 30 V s−1. The ultrahigh rate capability enables the MSC arrays to quickly capture and efficiently store the high‐voltage (≈150 V) pulse electricity produced by a droplet‐based electricity generator at a high efficiency of 62%, significantly higher than that (<2%) of the batteries or capacitors demonstrated in the literature. Moreover, the compact and metal‐free features make these MSC arrays excellent candidates for sustainable high‐performance energy storage in self‐charging power systems.
Birth weight and nutritional status in school‐age children from Boane city, Mozambique
Authors: Malinga Eulálio , Leandro Carol Góis , de Almeida Araujo Fernanda Trigueiro , dos Santos Henrique Rafael , Tchamo Mario Eugénio , e Silva Wylla Tatiana Ferreira 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundBirth weight is considered an important marker of inadequate maternal nutrition, and it is a critical indicator of the newborn's health and development.ObjectiveThis study evaluated the influence of low birth weight (LBW) on body composition in 7–10‐year‐old school children from Boane City—Mozambique.MethodsA total of 220 children (female = 122 and male = 98) were divided into two groups according to their birth weight (LBW, n = 41; and normal birth weight, NBW, n = 179). Anthropometric indicators of nutritional status were analyzed by the indices weight‐for‐age, height‐for‐age, BMI‐for‐age, and weight‐for‐height.ResultsLBW children showed reduced skinfolds, and weight‐for‐height when compared to NBW children. Birth weight was positively associated with all anthropometric variables, except for BMI, which was not associated with any other variable. The r2 value ranged from .09 (weight‐for‐age) to .72 (height‐for‐age). For body composition variables, older children had higher fat mass (β = .26; 95% CI = 0.05–0.48) and fat‐free mass (β = 1.10; 95% CI = 0.71–1.48), and boys had lower fat percentage (β = −3.49; 95% CI = −4.35 to −2.65) and fat mass (β = −.92; 95% CI = −1.31 to −0.55) than girls. Birth weight was also positively associated with fat‐free mass.ConclusionLBW seems to influence some growth indicators of children living in Boane, however, current environmental factors seem to weaken this association. Our results suggest that public policies involving healthy nutrition and physical activity can reverse the effects of low weight in children from Boane.
Novel biallelic SASS6 variants associated with primary microcephaly and fetal growth restriction
Authors: Kong Xiangtian , Xu Jian , Yin Honggang , Jiang Hongru , Cao Xian , Cui Aimin , Wang Xueqian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPrimary microcephaly is characterized by a head circumference prenatally or at birth that falls below three standard deviations from age‐, ethnic‐, and sex‐specific norms. Genetic defects are one of the underlying causes of primary microcephaly. Since 2014, five variants of the SASS6 gene have been identified as the cause of MCPH 14 in three reported families. In this study, we present the genetic findings of members of a nonconsanguineous Chinese couple with a history of microcephaly and fetal growth restriction (FGR) during their first pregnancy. Utilizing trio whole‐exome sequencing, we identified compound heterozygous variants involving a frameshift NM_194292.3:c.450_453del p.(Lys150AsnfsTer7) variant and a splice region NM_194292.3:c.1674+3A>G variant within the SASS6 gene in the affected fetus. Moreover, reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction from RNA of the mother's peripheral blood leukocytes revealed that the c.1674+3A>G variant led to the skipping of exon 14 and an inframe deletion. To the best of our knowledge, the association between FGR and SASS6‐related microcephaly has not been reported, and our findings confirm the pivotal role of SASS6 in microcephaly pathogenesis and reveal an expanded view of the phenotype and mutation spectrum associated with this gene.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Peripheral Platelets as a Predictive Biomarker for Postoperative Delirium in Elderly Patients
Authors: Yang Yan , Zhang Wei , Liu Yue , Liu Xin , Xie Jun , Xu Rui , Huang Yulin , Hao Jing , Sun Yu'e , Gu Xiaoping , Ma Zhengliang 
Published: March 2024

ObjectiveTo determine the association between the preoperative Bioenergetic Health Index (BHI) of platelets and the occurrence of postoperative delirium (POD) in elderly patients.MethodsElderly patients scheduled for major abdominal surgery under general anesthesia were included. The presence of POD was assessed within the 3 days after surgery. Seahorse XF analysis and transmission electron microscopy were utilized to evaluate the mitochondrial metabolism and morphology of platelets.ResultsA total of 20 out of 162 participants developed POD. Participants with POD showed lower preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination scores and total protein levels, fewer educational years, longer surgery duration, higher mean platelet volume, and lower platelet BHI compared with those without POD. Damaged mitochondria with swollen appearance and distorted cristae was detected in platelets from participants with POD. Preoperative platelet BHI was independently associated with the occurrence of POD after adjusting for age, education, preoperative Mini‐Mental State Examination score, preoperative mean platelet volume and total protein levels, surgical type and duration, and lymphocyte counts on the first postoperative day (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.03–0.37, p < 0.001). The areas under the receiver operating curves for predicting POD were 0.83 (95% CI 0.76–0.88) for platelet BHI. It showed a sensitivity of 85.00% and specificity of 73.24%, with an optimal cutoff value of 1.61. Using a serial combination (mean platelet volume followed by BHI) yielded a sensitivity of 80.00% and specificity of 82.39%.InterpretationPreoperative platelet BHI was independently associated with the occurrence of POD in elderly patients and has the potential as a screening biomarker for POD risk. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:74–86
Entschützende Funktionalisierung: eine direkte Umwandlung von Nms‐Amiden in Carbonsäureamide
Authors: Spieß Philipp , Brześkiewicz Jakub , Meyrelles Ricardo , Just David , Maulide Nuno 
Published: March 2024

AbstractKlassische Schutzgruppenchemie erfordert unweigerlich einen Entschützungsschritt, um die ursprünglich blockierte Funktionalität vor weiteren Umwandlungen wiederherzustellen. Da dieser Aspekt der Schutzgruppenmanipulation zwangsläufig die Anzahl der Schritte jeder Synthesesequenz erhöht, bieten Methoden, die eine gleichzeitige Entschützung und Funktionalisierung ermöglichen („entschützende Funktionalisierung“, im Gegensatz zur Entschützung mit anschließender Funktionalisierung), attraktive Vorteile, um die Effizienz zu steigern und synthetische Routen zu verkürzen. In diesem Bericht präsentieren wir eine Methode zur entschützenden Funktionalisierung der neu eingeführten Nms‐Amide, die auf einer Analyse mittels Dichtefunktionaltheorie (DFT) basiert und die inhärente Nms‐Reaktivität ausnutzt. Mechanistische Studien erklären außerdem warum andere häufig verwendete Schutzgruppen nicht die gleichen Reaktivitätsmuster aufweisen. Die Anwendbarkeit dieses Ansatzes wurde anhand zahlreicher Substrate demonstriert und schließlich verwendet, um Arzneimittelderivate effizienter und mit verkürzten Synthesewegen herzustellen.
Non‐Heme Iron Enzymes Catalyze Heterobicyclic and Spirocyclic Isoquinolone Core Formation in Piperazine Alkaloid Biosynthesis
Authors: Pham Mai‐Truc , Yang Feng‐Ling , Liu I‐Chen , Liang Po‐Huang , Lin Hsiao‐Ching 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe report the discovery and biosynthesis of new piperazine alkaloids‐arizonamides, and their derived compounds‐arizolidines, featuring heterobicyclic and spirocyclic isoquinolone skeletons, respectively. Their biosynthetic pathway involves two crucial non‐heme iron enzymes, ParF and ParG, for core skeleton construction. ParF has a dual function facilitating 2,3‐alkene formation of helvamide, as a substrate for ParG, and oxidative cleavage of piperazine. Notably, ParG exhibits catalytic versatility in multiple oxidative reactions, including cyclization and ring reconstruction. A key amino acid residue Phe67 was characterized to control the formation of the constrained arizonamide B backbone by ParG.
Umgehung von Ammoniak: Von N2 zu stickstoffhaltigen Heterocyclen ohne N1‐Zwischenprodukte oder Übergangsmetalle
Authors: Weber Marco , Kupfer Thomas , Arrowsmith Merle , Dewhurst Rian D. , Rang Maximilian , Ritschel Benedikt , Titlbach Sven , Ernst Martin , Rodrigues Marieli O. , da Silva Júnior Eufrânio N. , Braunschweig Holger 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDiboradiazenverbindungen, die in einem Schritt aus einer Bor‐vermittelten Aktivierung von Distickstoff (N2) stammen, wurden separat mit Schwefel und Essigsäureanhydrid umgesetzt. Hierbei entstanden neuartige heterocyclische Verbindungen, die BN‐Isostere von Thiophen bzw. 1,3‐Oxazol sind. Diese einfachen Reaktionen stellen die letzten Schritte einer zweistufigen Syntheseroute zu komplexen Heterocyclen aus N2 dar, die sowohl auf den Einsatz an Übergangsmetallreagenzien verzichten als auch das klassische Zwischenprodukt Ammoniak vollständig umgehen.
Deprotective Functionalization: A Direct Conversion of Nms‐Amides to Carboxamides Using Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Spieß Philipp , Brześkiewicz Jakub , Meyrelles Ricardo , Just David , Maulide Nuno 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe nature of protecting group chemistry necessitates a deprotection step to restore the initially blocked functionality prior to further transformation. As this aspect of protecting group manipulation inevitably adds to the step count of any synthetic sequence, the development of methods enabling simultaneous deprotection and functionalization (“deprotective functionalization”—distinct from “deprotection followed by functionalization”) is appealing, as it has the potential to improve efficiency and streamline synthetic routes. Herein, we report a deprotective functionalization of the newly introduced Nms‐amides guided by density functional theory (DFT) analysis, which exploits the inherent Nms reactivity. Mechanistic studies further substantiate and help rationalize the exquisite reactivity of Nms‐amides, as other commonly used protecting groups are shown not to exhibit the same reactivity patterns. The practicality of this approach was ultimately demonstrated in selected case studies.