bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis and Prognostic Assessment of Drug- Induced Liver Injury: What Are the Outpatient Options? (Review)
Authors: Gantsgorn E. V. , Bozhko A. V. , Yarchenko S. V. 
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is a common and potentially life-threatening complication associated with the use of medicinal products and bioactive dietary supplements. Recognising early signs of liver damage can be challenging for a number of reasons, including polypharmacy, comorbidity, pre-existing liver conditions, and misinterpretation of non-specific clinical manifestations. It is necessary to consolidate information on the diagnostic and prognostic options for DILI that are available to physicians in outpatient settings.AIM. This study aimed to provide consolidated and systematised information on the risk factors, early diagnosis methods, and prognostic assessment methods for DILI to provide recommendations for DILI identification in outpatient settings.DISCUSSION. The main risk factors that contribute to the development of DILI are potentially hepatotoxic medicinal products, high doses of medicinal products, polypharmacy, a history of liver disease, and genetic predisposition. Even though DILI can occur with any medicinal product, outpatient physicians should be aware of the medicinal products that are most often associated with this condition. The initial screening for liver injury and the determination of its severity necessitate taking a comprehensive medication history and conducting standard liver function tests (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin). Tools relevant for outpatient care include scales that help identify the cause-and-effect relationship between a medicinal product and liver damage. These include the Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences/Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (CIOMS/RUCAM) scale, the Maria & Victorino scale (M&V), the Digestive Disease Week–Japan (DDW–J) scale, the Naranjo Adverse Drug Reaction Probability Scale). The CIOMS/RUCAM scale is suitable for suspected hepatocellular or cholestatic DILI, and the M&V scale is additionally adapted for mixed DILI and includes points for extrahepatic manifestations. Other relevant tools for outpatient care are those for predicting the severity of DILI (Hy’s law).CONCLUSIONS. Outpatient physicians should adopt an approach that combines medication history collection, physical examination, laboratory investigations, and instrument-based diagnostics with the routine use of scales for establishing causality between a medicinal product and DILI. This approach will help predict the clinical course of DILI at an early stage and make a quick decision on further treatment.
Transparency Beyond Accuracy
Authors: Hammaad Rizwan  , Aadhavan Saravanakumar  , Vinuka Silva  , Yenuka Rajapaksha  
Published: February 2025

With the unceasing development in machine learning, deep learning and Artificial Intelligence as a whole, the demand for providing reasoning for the decisions and predictions prove to be paramount. This review paper discusses the importance of explainability in using Artificial Intelligence across the domains of credit risk scoring and the medical sector. The primary objective of this review paper is to compare and contrast the necessity of explainability when decisions are made using Artificial Intelligence. These decisions could prove to cause significant effects in these industries. The ethical and regulatory necessities that cause the need for transparency in the domains are rigorously examined. The examination suggests how explainability in credit scoring is driven primarily by factors concerning legal requirements and rationality, whereas the medical sector utilises explainability to augment freedom from suspicion, maintain patient centred care, ethical and moral implications, identifying errors and detecting bias. The findings as a result of the review done suggest on a surface level that while explainable Artificial Intelligence(XAI) benefits both domains, the methodologies and techniques to achieve explainability differ from sector to sector. This research spotlights the importance of context in highlighting how and why AI models should be explainable.
A Multi-Model Approach to Supermarket Sales Forecasting System Using Machine Learning and Time Series
Authors: Hammaad Rizwan  , Aadhavan Arkhash Saravanakumar  , Sevindu Imsara  , Praveen Jayarathnam  
Published: February 2025

Supermarkets frequently encounter challenges in managing their inventory efficiently, often resulting in significant wastage due to overstocking or understocking. This research aims to enhance supermarket inventory management by implementing a robust sales prediction and forecasting system using advanced machine learning algorithms. The primary objectives of this study are to reduce inventory wastage, optimise stock levels, and increase profitability by accurately predicting product demand based on weather forecasts and economic factors. The proposed solution is highly beneficial for supermarket managers, providing actionable insights for inventory decisions.The system integrates ARIMA (AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average) and multiple machine learning models, , Randomforest, and XGBoost (Extreme Gradient Boosting), to deliver precise sales forecasts. By combining these models through a stacking ensemble approach, the solution leverages the strengths of each model to enhance overall prediction accuracy. This paper presents the development, implementation, and evaluation of the solution, highlighting its potential to transform inventory management practices in the retail industry. The backend of the system is supported by a comprehensive database, ensuring seamless data processing and real-time updates. The web-based application offers an intuitive interface for users, enabling efficient inventory management. The results demonstrate significant improvements in sales forecasting accuracy, which can lead to reduced wastage and better inventory control in supermarkets.
Gorham-Stout disease of the craniovertebral junction causing basilar impression and Chiari malformation type I: illustrative case
Authors: Syed Hashim , Glennon Stephen , Teferi Nahom , Chenoweth David , Eschbacher Kathryn , Ferguson Polly J. , Sato Yutaka , Hitchon Patrick , Dlouhy Brian J. 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Gorham-Stout disease (GSD) is an extremely rare osteolytic disorder characterized by resorption of skeletal bone due to aggressive, nonneoplastic lymphatic proliferation.

OBSERVATIONS
The authors report the 14th case of GSD of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ), which resulted in cranial settling, basilar impression, and an acquired Chiari malformation type I (CM-I) in a pediatric patient. A 4-year-old girl initially presented with recurrent symptoms of pharyngitis, bacteremia, and neck pain. She continued experiencing waxing and waning symptoms of fever and neck pain that gradually worsened. At 12 years old, imaging revealed progressively worsening osteolytic changes with bone marrow edema involving the CVJ and subaxial cervical spine with progressive cranial settling, basilar impression, and 14 mm of tonsillar herniation, consistent with an acquired CM-I. She underwent a frontal bone biopsy, which confirmed the diagnosis of GSD. Treatment with sirolimus and bisphosphonates stabilized the osteolysis.

LESSONS
GSD represents a rare group of osteolytic bone disorders with a highly variable clinical course. A high index of suspicion is warranted, as diagnosis can be challenging. Early referral to a specialized center is key, as treatment is directed toward symptomatic management and a multidisciplinary team approach. GSD is another syndrome associated with CVJ bony changes and tonsillar herniation.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24298
Rare variant of cervical conjoined nerve root confirmed during full endoscopic cervical foraminotomy: illustrative case
Authors: Maegawa Tatsuya , Kohara Kotaro , Okumura Eitaro , Hashimoto Ryo , Kubota Motoo 
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND
Diagnosing cervical radiculopathy with root anomalies is difficult, as cervical nerve root anomalies are rare. Here, the authors report the rare case of a conjoined nerve root variant confirmed using full endoscopic cervical foraminotomy (FECF).

OBSERVATIONS
A 40-year-old female presented with painful numbness and paresis in the right upper limb. Physical examination revealed multiple radiculopathies in the C6 and C7 nerve roots. However, magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography did not reveal any lesions explaining the right C7 radiculopathy. Furthermore, the right C6 root block injection had no effect, whereas the right C7 root block injection was extremely effective. FECF revealed a conjoined nerve root variant in the right C6–7 intervertebral foramen.

LESSONS
The study revealed that single nerve root block injections can be useful for pain relief as well as diagnosis of the affected level. Although the current case is rare, the report revealed that a lesion at a single intervertebral foramen can cause multiple radiculopathies. The study also highlighted the importance of careful examination of the clinical symptoms and the limitations of imaging tools.
https://thejns.org/doi/10.3171/CASE24752
Performant Automatic BLAS Offloading on Unified Memory Architecture with OpenMP First-Touch Style Data Movement
Authors: Li Junjie 
Published: February 2025

BLAS is a fundamental building block of advanced linear algebra libraries and many modern scientific computing applications. GPU is known for its strong arithmetic computing capability, and highly suited for BLAS operations. However, porting code to GPUs often requires significant effort especially for large complex codes or legacy codes, even for BLAS heavy applications. While various tools exist to automatically offload BLAS to GPU, they are often impractical due to the high costs associated with mandatory data transfers. The advent of unified memory architectures in recent GPU designs, such as the NVIDIA Grace-Hopper, allows cache-coherent memory access across all types of memory for both CPU and GPU, potentially eliminating the bottlenecks faced in conventional architectures. This breakthrough paves the way for innovative application developments and porting strategies. In this paper, building on my preliminary work[1] demonstrating the possibility of performant automatic *gemm offload, I extend the framework to all level-3 BLAS operations, and present SCILIB-Accel[2], a novel tool for automatic BLAS offload . SCILIB-Accel leverages the cache-coherent NVLink C2C interconnect in Grace-Hopper and introduces a Device First-Use data movement policy. This policy, inspired by the OpenMP First-Touch approach in multi-socket CPU programming, minimizes CPU-GPU data transfers for typical scientific computing codes. Additionally, utilizing the dynamic binary instrumentation technique, the tool intercepts BLAS symbols directly from a CPU binary, requiring no code modifications or recompilation. SCILIB-Accel has been evaluated using multiple quantum physics codes on up to a few hundred GPU nodes, yielding promising speedups. Notably, for the LSMS method in the MuST suite, a 3x speedup was achieved on Grace-Hopper compared to Grace-Grace. SCILIB-Accel is the first tool to deliver practical, high-performance automatic BLAS offload for scientific applications.
The Maestro and his Music
Authors: Ghobrial John-Paul 
Published: February 2025

In the Epilogue, John-Paul Ghobrial surveys the themes that run across the
chapters of the book, and he identifies in them several aspects of the
distinctive way in which Bernard Heyberger has given shape to the lived
experiences of Eastern Christians across a range of local, national, and
international contexts. The Epilogue also pays special attention to the
central position Heyberger occupies within several communities of
scholarship, whilst recognizing the enduring contributions he has made
through his roles as a teacher, mentor, collaborator, and friend to
colleagues and students alike.
Top health service concerns: a data mining study of the Shanghai health hotline
Authors: Shi Lili , Zhao Tong , Shi Shimiao , Tan Tianyu , Regmi Aksara , Cai Yuyang 
Published: February 2025

ObjectiveOur study aims to explore the health service issues of public concern through analyzing the basic characteristics of callers and information from the health hotline in Shanghai. The findings of this study will provide a reference to relevant government departments and assist the government in optimizing the allocation of health resources.MethodsOur research utilized 16,962 original work orders from the 12,320 health hotline, collected since 2015. We applied natural language processing (NLP) to analyze the content of these work orders, facilitating effective text mining and information extraction. Initially, we performed data cleaning to remove irrelevant information and protect caller privacy by anonymizing personal details. This cleaned data was then organized into a structured database for further analysis. Using text mining, we examined various aspects of the calls, including duration, purpose, and topics discussed, to identify patterns and themes that emerged.ResultsThe calls were categorized into four main groups: complaints, suggestions, inquiries, and requests for assistance. Complaints were the most frequent category, totaling 8,669 (51.11%), followed by help-seeking at 3,335 (19.66%), consultations at 2,727 (16.08%), and comments and suggestions at 1,484 (8.75%). The analysis revealed that men made 6,689 (56.88%), surpassing the 5,071 (43.12%) from women. Additionally, calls from parents numbered 2,126 (56.84%), slightly exceeding the 1,614 (43.16%) from children. The top 10 health service concerns identified in Shanghai included medical staff attitudes, medications, fees, registration, family planning, medical disputes, ambulance services, environmental health, illegal medical practices, and immunization.ConclusionsThis study not only identifies critical issues within the Shanghai health service system but also offers actionable insights to inform targeted policy interventions. The high volume of complaints regarding service attitudes and medical expenses underscores the need for stronger policies to improve patient-provider communication and ensure transparency and fairness in healthcare costs. Additionally, the data reveals considerable public concern about the availability and quality of medical services, suggesting that existing policies on resource allocation and service delivery may not adequately meet population needs. The methodologies employed here can be applied to other urban health contexts, providing a valuable framework for improving public health strategies globally.
Case report: an unusual long-term evolution of a diffuse midline glioma, H3K27 altered
Authors: Griessmair Michael , Delbridge Claire , Zimmer Claus , Mayr Eva , Wagner Arthur , Canisius Julian , Metz Marie-Christin , Wiestler Benedikt 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundAs diffuse midline glioma, H3K27 altered, is a rare tumor entity with poor prognosis and few therapeutic options, only little is known so far about the genetic factors that influence tumorigenesis and the course of tumor development.PresentationWe present the case of a 38-year-old female patient who suffered from nausea, fatigue, and intermittent walking impairment, which developed over the course of four weeks. Initial MRI showed an irregularly shaped, contrast-enhancing tumor around the third ventricle with central necrosis, most likely originating from the right thalamus. The patient underwent biopsy, followed by microsurgical resection with molecular analysis. Molecular neuropathology revealed the diagnosis of diffuse midline glioma with a H3K27M mutation WHO (World Health Organization) CNS (central nervous system) grade 4. Interestingly, MR imaging conducted for migraine diagnosis 6 years ago in retrospect already showed a small, nodular T2w hyperintense lesion in the right thalamus.ConclusionDespite a more precise, molecularly driven classification of pediatric HGG (high-grade glioma) in the 5th edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors, many genetic factors influencing the biological tumor development as well as the precise molecular evolution of tumors remain unclear. Given the highly aggressive clinical course of these tumors, with a median overall survival around 16 to 18 months, our report of a (presumable) precursor lesion years before clinical manifestation point towards a complex, multi-stage evolution of this tumor entity. Better understanding this molecular cascade might help to identify novel targets for individualized therapies.
The influence of weather and urban environment characteristics on upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review
Authors: Hyrkäs-Palmu Henna , Hugg Timo T. , Jaakkola Jouni J. K. , Ikäheimo Tiina M. 
Published: February 2025

BackgroundWeather can independently affect the occurrence of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in urban areas. Built environments of cities could further modify exposure to weather and consequently the risk of RTIs, but their combined effects on infections are not known.ObjectivesOur aim was to synthesize evidence of the influence of weather on RTIs in urban areas and to examine whether urban built environments are associated with both weather and RTIs.MethodsA systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases was conducted on 9th of August 2022 following PRISMA guidelines. Studies were included in the review based on predefined criteria by screening 5,789 articles and reviewing reference lists of relevant studies. The quality of the studies was assessed using the AXIS appraisal tool, and the results analyzed by narrative synthesis.ResultsTwenty-one eligible studies focusing on COVID-19 and influenza transmissions, were included in the review. All studies were register based ecological studies by design. Low temperature (11/19 studies) was most often associated with increased risk of RTI. Humidity showed either negative (5/14 studies), positive (3/14 studies) or no (6/14 studies) relation with RTIs. The association between wind and solar radiation on infections was inconclusive. Population density was positively associated with RTIs (14/15 studies).ConclusionsOur review shows that exposure to low temperature increases the occurrence of RTIs in urban areas, and where also high population density increases the infection risk. The study highlights the need to further assess the relationship between built environment characteristics, weather, and RTIs.
The influence of sex on sleep characteristics in the adult and older adult population: findings from the EPISONO sleep study
Authors: Silva Mayra dos Santos , Tempaku Priscila Farias , Andersen Monica Levy , Tufik Sergio , Poyares Dalva 
Published: February 2025

IntroductionSleep is a restorative behavior and is critical for overall health, but differences in sleep patterns between men and women can be seen over the years.AimTo prospectively analyze the polysomnographic findings of adults and older adults who participated in two editions of EPISONO, according to sex.MethodsThe population-based prospective longitudinal study included 688 individuals. Of these, there were 389 women and 299 men. All examinations and tests were undertaken using the same protocols at both times, at baseline and 8 years later. All participants completed an institutional questionnaire and a range of other questionnaires on health and sleep parameters. They also underwent full-night polysomnography (PSG) and peripheral blood collection for biochemical and hematological measurements. In both editions (2007 and 2015), physical and anthropometric assessments were also assessed. Exclusion criteria: pregnant or lactating women, individuals with self-care limitations (physical or mental), and night-shift workers.ResultsWe observed that adult women showed a greater REM latency, adult and older adult women spent more time in N3 than men, and an increased periodic leg movement index in older adult women. Men (adults and older adults) remained longer in N1, had a higher number of awakenings, and of apnea-hypopnea index. Age was shown to be an influencing factor for changes in arousal index and apnea-hypopnea index. This study prospectively evaluated, with full-night PSG, the sleep of the general population and reported significant findings according to sex and age, suggesting that some sleep parameters change differently in men and women, as we age.
Fabrication of n-type and p-type WSe2 field-effect transistors and their low-voltage CMOS inverter operation
Authors: Kawanago Takamasa , Muneta Iriya , Hoshii Takuya , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Tsutsui Kazuo , Wakabayashi Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
This paper describes the concepts for achieving n-type and p-type WSe2 field-effect transistors (FETs) and their complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) inverter operation. First, n-type and p-type WSe2 FETs were demonstrated using molecular chemistry approaches that offer the manipulation of WSe2 properties through low-temperature, low-energy processes. Next, the advancement in device technology was explained to achieve symmetric characteristics in n-type and p-type WSe2 FETs. WSe2 single-channel CMOS offers a promising pathway for simplifying device integration to suppress variability and fluctuations in FET characteristics, although many challenges remain to be addressed. Further fundamental research holds the potential to advance the development of WSe2 single-channel CMOS devices.
Voltage-tunable RGB emission from a single self-assembled InGaN nanocolumn LED
Authors: Sekiguchi Hiroto , Katagiri Hayato , Hoshino Kota , Togashi Rie , Kishino Katsumi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The integration of red-green-blue (RGB) light sources is essential for the development of high-resolution micro-light-emitting diode (micro-LED) displays. In this study, we propose a color-tunable device based on self-assembled InGaN-based nanocolumn LEDs without a patterning process. The nanocolumn LEDs exhibited a color shift from red to orange-yellow, pale green, and further to blue as the driving voltage increased. Micro-electroluminescence measurements revealed that a small wavelength shift was observed within individual nanocolumn regions. Instead, emission spots sequentially turned on, transitioning from red to blue (660-435 nm), elucidating the mechanism of color tuning. Combined with pulse-width-modulation driving, these findings open the pathway for the realization of novel monolithic RGB-LED devices.
Simultaneous analysis of molecular positions and coordination bond formations by frequency modulation atomic force microscopy in liquid
Authors: Izumi Ryosuke , Morimoto Masayuki , Ikbal SK Asif , Akine Shigehisa , Ohta Akio , Asakawa Hitoshi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The simultaneous analysis of the molecular positions and their recognition functions of immobilized molecules presents a significant challenge. We investigated an analytical method using a Co–saloph complex as a model molecule. By employing frequency modulation atomic force microscopy with an amino-terminated tip, we examined the positions and their recognition functions at the single-molecular level. The results reveal that the specific coordination bond formations between the amino group on the tip and the Co–saloph complex is detectable as an increase in the dissipation signal, which occurs concurrently with the detection of the positions of the Co–saloph complexes.