bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
An Epidemic of Loneliness and Isolation The Effect of COVID-19 on Urban Youth Mental Health
Authors: Baquerizo Humberto X. , Ocon Vanessa Akelian , Odam Loren Alivia , Chukwuma Jeffery , Mensah Victor , Natalie Natalie 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
This study explores the profound psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on young people in Newark, NJ, with a focus on the mental health challenges arising from drastic societal changes like "Stay at Home" orders, school closures, and the cancellation of major events. Our research hypothesizes that youth engagement in community activities during the pandemic fostered stronger coping mechanisms for mental health challenges. Conducted a focus group in May 2023 with 43 youths and adolescents from the greater Newark area. Participants engaged in discussions led by guest speakers and mental health professionals, focusing on coping strategies and resilience. Participants completed a comprehensive 50-item questionnaire, based on five validated surveys, to assess aspects of youth mental health, self-efficacy, and self-awareness. Our findings indicate a diverse group, with 72% identifying as Hispanic/Latino and 34.9% as Black/African American, and 57% considering themselves economically disadvantaged. A significant majority (79.1%) reported that disconnection from friends and family was the most stressful aspect of the pandemic, closely followed by feelings of loneliness and isolation (72.1%). The study reveals concerning levels of social-emotional distress, with over 60% of participants scoring above 21 on the Social Emotional Distress Scale-Secondary, indicating substantial challenges in their relationships and overall well-being. Therefore, enhancing social connectedness is crucial for the mental well-being of urban youth. Calling for strengthened partnerships with community organizations to provide essential social support and advocates for bolstering the social infrastructure to ensure access to beneficial programs and services, enabling youth to thrive and reach their full potential.
Smartphone Application Tracks Ureteral Stents with Automatic SMS Reminders to Prevent Forgotten Stents: A Multi-Centres Retrospective Cohort Study in Malaysia
Authors: Khor Vincent , Fairuz Mohamad Sharin Mohamad , Fahmy Omar , Lee Christopher Kheng Siang , Azli Mohd Zainuddin Saiful , Khairul-Asri Mohd Ghani 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Background and Objective: Forgotten ureteral stents (FUS) can result in serious complications. In many developing countries, traditional manual stent registry is used to track stents and prevent FUS, which is prone to mistakes. We developed a cloud-based smartphone ureteral stent tracker application and compared its efficiency with the conventional manual stent registry. Methods: A retrospective review of the stent registry system for two cohorts of patients who underwent ureteral stent placement at our centres was performed. 152 patients were tracked through a traditional manual registry system (conventional group), while 158 patients were tracked using smartphone application with automatic SMS reminders (app group). We compared the demographic data, stent insertion data, number of cases of FUS, and duration of overdue stents. Result: The mean (SD) age was 59.26 (12.9) and 59.03 (12.9) years, for conventional and app groups, respectively. Ureteric stone obstruction was the most common indication for stent placement in the conventional group, while post-procedure was the most common in the app group (p = 0.02). 13.2% of patients had FUS in the conventional group, while all patients in the app group had their stent removed as planned (p < 0.01). As a result, the median (IQR) duration of stent indwelling was longer in the conventional group than the app group [141 (12) vs 45 (149) days, p = 0.02). The median (IQR) duration of FUS was 55 (94) days. Conclusion: Mobile application along with automatic SMS reminders can effectively monitor ureteral stents, ensuring their timely removal and follow-up. This highlights the significance of technology in enhancing urological patient care and safety.
Impact of a six-month COVID-19 travel moratorium on Plasmodium falciparum malaria prevalence on Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea
Authors: Hergott Dianna , Guerra Carlos , García Guillermo , Nzamio Jeremías , Donfack Olivier , Iyanga Marcos Mbulito , Nguema Restituto Mba , Abeso Crisantos Nsue , Mfumu Teresa Ayingono Ondo , Rivas Matilde Riloha , Phiri Wonder , Murphy Sean , Guthrie Brandon , Smith David , Balkus Jennifer 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Importation of malaria infections has long been suspected as a driver of sustained malaria prevalence on areas of Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. However, quantifying the impact of imported infections is difficult because of the dynamic nature of the disease and the complexity of designing a randomized trial. Here, we leverage a six-month travel moratorium in and out of Bioko Island during the initial COVID-19 pandemic response to evaluate the contribution of imported infections to Pf prevalence on Bioko Island. Using a difference in differences design and data from island wide household surveys conducted before (2019) and after (2020) the travel moratorium, we compared the change in prevalence between areas of low historical travel to those with high historical travel. We found that prevalence increased in low travel areas after the moratorium compared to before, while prevalence decreased in high travel areas. In the absence of a travel moratorium, the prevalence of infection in high travel areas was expected to be 5% higher than what was observed. The observed decrease in prevalence can be directly attributed to the lack of imported cases, highlighting the importance of control measures that target these types of infections.
Artificial Intelligence and the Spatial Documentation of Languages
Authors: Ghanim Hakam 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The advancement in technology has made interdisciplinary research more accessible. Particularly, the breakthrough in Artificial Intelligence (AI) has given huge advantages to researchers working in interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary fields. This study investigates the ability of AI models, particularly GPT-4 and GPT Data Analyst, in creating language maps for language documentation. The study Integrates documentary linguistics, linguistic geography, and AI by showcasing how AI models facilitate the spatial documentation of languages through the creation of language maps with minimal cartographic expertise. The study is conducted using a CSV file and a GeoJSON file both obtained from HDX and from the researcher’s fieldwork. The study data is then applied in real-time conversations with the AI models in order to generate the language distribution maps. The study highlights the two AI models capabilities in generating high-quality static and interactive web maps and streamlining the map-making process, despite facing challenges like inconsistencies and difficulties in adding legends. The findings suggest a promising future for AI in generating language maps and enhancing the work of documentary linguists as they collect their data in the field, pointing towards the need for further development to fully harness AI's potential in this field.
Unraveling Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvkp): leveraging the Maga gene as a biomarker for strong biofilm forming hvkp
Authors: R Latha , Sasi Aravind , K Kavitha , sanjeevi Thiyagarajan , S Pramodhini , A Aboobacker P 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
This study aims to distinguish hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae (hvKp) from its classical counterpart (cKp) by utilizing Potassium tellurite agar (PTA) and the String test, with a focus on biofilm formation. The magA gene is investigated as a potential biomarker for identifying robust biofilm-producing hvKp strains, highlighting the significance of this research in addressing the global health threat posed by hvKp.
Methods
From January to December 2022, 102 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were collected from patients at AVMC&H, Puducherry. The identification of hvKp was performed using both phenotypic (PTA and the String test) and genotypic methods, including antimicrobial susceptibility testing and 96-well plate biofilm assays. The expression of hvKp-associated genes (rmpA, rmpA2, and magA) was assessed through conventional PCR.
Results
Phenotypic tests identified 28 isolates as hvKp via PTA and 23 through the String test. All rmpA-positive isolates were PTA positive, with 8 also positive in the String test. For rmpA2-positive isolates, 14 were positive in both tests. Fifteen isolates expressed the magA gene, with all showing positivity in the String test and 14 in PTA. Biofilm assays categorized isolates into non-biofilm producers (1.02%), moderate (36.73%), and strong biofilm producers (62.24%). Strong biofilm producers showed resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Conclusions
PTA and the String test are effective in identifying hvKp, with the magA gene serving as a promising biomarker for strong biofilm-producing isolates. The study reveals a concerning trend of antibiotic resistance among biofilm-producing isolates, indicating the potential for hvKp to evolve into a pan-drug-resistant superbug. This underscores the need for heightened global attention to mitigate the threats posed by hvKp.
Unraveling the therapeutic potential of Rutin against osteosarcoma cells: Targeting TNF-α and VEGF signaling pathways
Authors: Gnanamathy G. , Sheela S. Nancy , Jeevitha R. , Elumalai P. , Sri M. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
Rutin is a flavonoid that is widely distributed in plants and has been identified as having medicinal qualities as well as potential benefits for treating a range of ailments. In this work, we examined rutin's anticancer effects, specifically with regard to osteosarcoma, a type of bone cancer.
Methods and results
We evaluated the cytotoxic activity of rutin using MTT and LDH tests on the MG-63 osteosarcoma cell line, and the results showed a notable cytotoxic effect. Following rutin treatment, morphological alterations, such as membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage, were noted, which are typical of anticancer medications. Additionally, an in vitro assessment employing the wound healing assay revealed rutin's anti-migratory action on MG-63 cells. The results of the RT-PCR gene expression research pointed to possible pathways of rutin-induced apoptosis, including downregulation of the anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2 and elevation of pro-apoptotic genes including p53, Bax, and caspase-3. Additionally, the migration-causing genes VEGF and EGF were downregulated by rutin. Moreover, the relationship between rutin and proteins linked to osteosarcoma, like VEGF and TNF-α, was evaluated using in silico models.
Conclusion
The findings demonstrated effective binding at various binding sites, pointing to rutin's possible therapeutic use in the treatment of osteosarcoma. Although this work uses the MG-63 cell line to provide light on the anticancer activity of rutin against osteosarcoma, more preclinical research is necessary to establish the best dosages and assess safety profiles for the possible development of medications for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
Predominant determinants for Evaluation of Right Parasternal Approach in Transthoracic Echocardiography in Aortic Stenosis: A Study Based on Three-dimensional Cardiac Computed Tomography Analysis
Authors: Yokokawa Daisuke , Kuroki Yui , Mochizuki Yasuhide , Oda Ayaka , Gohbara Sakiko , Yamamoto Yumi , Ichikawa-Ogura Saaya , Hachiya Rumi , Toyosaki Eiji , Fukuoka Hiroto , Sunagawa Masataka , Shinke Toshiro 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Purpose: The maximum blood flow velocity through the aortic valve (AVmax) using Doppler transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is important in assessing the severity of aortic stenosis (AS). The right parasternal (RP) approach has been reported to be more useful than the apical approach, but the anatomical rationale has not been studied. We aimed to clarify the influence of the angle formed by the ascending aorta and left ventricle on Doppler analysis by TTE (Sep-Ao angle) and three-dimensional multidetector computed tomography (3D-MDCT) in patients with AS.
Methods: A total of 151 patients evaluated using the RP approach and 3D-MDCT were included in this study. The Sep-Ao angle determined using TTE was compared with that determined using 3D-MDCT analysis. In MDCT analysis, the left ventricular (LV) axis was measured in two ways and the calcification score was calculated simultaneously.
Results: The Sep-Ao angle on TTE was consistent with that measured using 3D-MDCT. In patients with an acute Sep-Ao angle, the Doppler angle in the apical approach was larger, potentially underestimating AVmax. Multivariate analysis revealed that an acute Sep-Ao angle, large Doppler angle in the apical approach, smaller Doppler angle in the RP approach, and low aortic valve calcification were independently associated with a higher AVmax in the RP approach than in the apical approach.
Conclusion: The Sep-Ao angle measured using TTE reflected the 3D anatomical angle. In addition to measurements using the RP approach, technical adjustments to minimize the Doppler angle to avoid bulky calcification should always be noted for accurate assessment.
The Acheulian site of Cantera Vieja (Madrid, Spain) and the Lower to Middle Palaeolithic transition in central Spain
Authors: Torres Concepción , Tapias Fernando , Demuro Martina , Arnold Lee J. , Arriolabengoa Martin , Díaz Sara , Baena Javier 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

The Cantera Vieja archaeological site is situated in Madrid, Spain, an area rich in Miocene flint and that has revealed several quarries at Lower and Middle Palaeolithic sites in recent years. Our study presents a multidisciplinary examination of the site, featuring an analysis of its geological context, site formation processes, chronological framework, and assemblage characteristics. Formed on the interfluvial platform between the Manzanares and Jarama Rivers, the Cantera Vieja site was created during the late Middle Pleistocene (194 ± 13 to 215 ± 16 ka) by alternating alluvial and mass-movement colluvial processes. The site boasts a typical Acheulian assemblage, characterized by numerous handaxes and preforms, and bifacial shaping flakes and fragments, with a limited number of flake supports, non-Levallois flaking elements, and a few final retouched tools. However, comparison of the archaeological assemblages across the Iberian Peninsula, including Cantera Vieja, with those reported from other contemporaneous sites across different parts of Europe indicates that this technocomplex could have slight location-specific differences in its industrial evolution. Our study at Cantera Vieja allows us to discuss the presence of specific lithic expression in the context of the western Acheulian in general and its transition to the Middle Palaeolithic in Iberia in particular. At the same time, the characteristics of the Cantera Vieja assemblage provide potentially generalizable insights into the social organization of lithic production during the late Middle Pleistocene. We consider that Cantera Vieja must have fulfilled an essential role as a place for training and learning biface knapping.
Based on in vivo and in vitro experiments validation: lncRNA MIR210HG inhibits esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and correlates with autophagy and apoptosis
Authors: Wang Jianyu , Zhang Zhenhu , Song Liang , Liu Xiangyan , He Xiaopeng 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background:Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is a prevalent cancer that affects many people. The high death rate is still caused by ineffective early diagnostic and treatment methods. While the long non-coding RNA MIR210HG has been associated with several malignancies, its role in ESCC remains unclear. This study aims to explore the function of lncRNA MIR210HG in the pathogenesis of ESCC.Methods:We performed a pan-cancer analysis of lncRNA MIR210HG expression across various malignancies using the TCGA database, and we looked into the relationship between MIR210HG and the predictive survival of patients with ESCC. Moreover, we investigated MIR210HG's biological role using GO, KEGG, and GSEA enrichment analysis. In relation to MIR210HG, we also examined immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint expression levels, tumor microenvironment (TME) features, and therapy sensitivity. To get more insight into the connection between lncRNA MIR210HG and ESCC, we assessed related gene and protein expression using Western blotting and RT-qPCR. To evaluate the proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and autophagy of ESCC cells, various techniques were employed, including EdU proliferation tests, wound healing assays, cell colony formation, transwell assays, flow cytometry, and an established xenograft mouse model.Results:lncRNA MIR210HG was found to be underexpressed in ESCC, and patients with higher expression levels of lncRNA MIR210HG exhibited increased survival rates. Overexpression of the lncRNA MIR210HG inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and migration of ESCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, lncRNA MIR210HG was positively correlated with the P53 signaling pathway and influenced apoptosis and autophagy.Conclusion:In summary, lncRNA MIR210HG is a key gene affecting prognosis and immunity in ESCC and may influence apoptosis and autophagy through the P53 signaling pathway, offering new insights for the treatment of ESCC.
Assessing Measles Risk Transmission in Iran: A Utilization of the World Health Organization's Programmatic Risk Assessment Tool,2022
Authors: Dashti Elham , Karami Manoochehr , Zahraei Seyed Mohsen , Gharibnawaz Hassan , Sabouri Azam , Zavareh Fatemeh Azimian , Delpisheh Ali 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Background
According to a study conducted in Iran, despite the country’s successful effort to eliminate measles, imported cases of the disease continue to be reported due to the endemic of measles in neighboring countries like Afghanistan and Pakistan. This research aims to evaluate the risk of measles transmission in different regions of Iran.
Methods
Utilizing data from the Measles case-based surveillance of the Expanded Program of Immunization spanning 31 provinces and 463 districts from 2019 to 2021, the research employed the WHO Measles Programmatic Risk Assessment tool. This tool evaluated the risk of disease transmission across four domains: population immunity, surveillance quality, program delivery performance, and threat assessment. The resulting scores were categorized as low, medium, high, or very high risk.
Results
During the years 2019–2021, the average incidence of measles was 1.9 per 1 million people، Sistan and Baluchestan had the highest provincial incidence rates (12.5 per one million population), Chabahar exhibited the highest district-level rates (76 per one million population). Conversely, Yazd and Mashhad demonstrated the lowest provincial (0.1 per one million population) and district-level (0.6 per one million population) incidence rates, respectively.
Conclusion
Although in the assessment of the risk of measles transmission at the provincial and district levels, all regions were placed at a low level of the risk of disease transmission, this tool is not able to assess the risk at the level of the rural sector or peripheral sectors such as comprehensive health service centers. Therefore, the evaluation of the risk of measles disease transmission for low levels can have more than one weakness. Emphasize the strength of the surveillance and immunization system of the country. The indicators used in this tool are the same for all countries with different epidemiological features (elimination, endemic). Sensitivity analysis can optimize the use of this tool for countries with different disease conditions.
Exploring the prevalence of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and major depressive disorders in men with concurrent substance use
Authors: Nia Mostafa Abdollahi , Saeidi Mahdieh , Ghalichi Leila , Ahmadkhaniha Hamidreza 
Published: April 2024

Abstract
Purpose
Assessing the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders alongside substance use disorder is crucial for comprehensive treatment. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and major depressive disorders among men engaging in concurrent use of multiple substances.
Methods
This descriptive study involved selecting 220 patients aged between 18 and 60 years who were referred to Iran Psychiatric Hospital for treatment during 2022 and 2023. The study determined the prevalence of generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and major depressive disorders among the patients. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS software, employing T-tests and Chi-Square tests.
Results
The average age of the participants was 37.10 ± 9.62 years. Findings revealed that the most prevalent substance use disorders among patients were cannabis (19.1%), clonazepam (13.4%), methamphetamine (12.9%), and opium (12.2%) (P < 0.0001). The prevalence of major depression, generalized anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive disorders among patients was estimated at 39.7% ± 6.5%, 32.6% ± 6.3%, and 33.9% ± 6.3%, respectively, with no significant difference in their occurrence (P = 0.402). Overall, the prevalence of mental disorders was found to be 74.6% ± 5.8%, with 46.9% of patients experiencing one mental disorder, 23.7% experiencing two, and 4% experiencing all three. Additionally, an inverse relationship between education level and the prevalence of psychiatric disorders was observed (P < 0.05).
Conclusion
Generalized anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, and major depressive disorders are highly prevalent among men engaging in concurrent use of multiple substances. This underscores the need for simultaneous intervention for both substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. Adopting the Iceberg metaphor encourages a deeper exploration, fostering optimism for more effective solutions in addressing these complex interrelated issues.
Examining patterns in rainfall and temperature data within the Malaprabha Right Bank Canal Command Area (MRBC) using statistical techniques such as the Mann-Kendall test and Sen's Slope Estimator
Authors: Srini Madhusudhan Mandya , Shivapur Anand V , J Surendra H 
Published: April 2024

Abstract

Examining the presence of climate change through trend analysis of rainfall and temperature variables has gained recognition due to their significant implications. The pressing global issue of escalating temperatures coupled with unpredictable, diminishing rainfall is particularly critical, especially in regions heavily reliant on rain-fed agriculture. This study focuses on the Malaprabha Canal Command Area (MRBC) and aims to assess dynamic changes in meteorological variables, offering valuable insights for effective adaptation strategies. The investigation spans a comprehensive analysis of long-term climatic data, specifically a 30-year period from 1991 to 2020. Rainfall trends across six stations within the entire Malaprabha right bank canal command area are explored on a monthly, seasonal, and annual basis. Additionally, the study scrutinizes maximum and minimum temperature trends from 2000 to 2019 at seven selected stations in and around MRBC. The analytical approach involves the application of the Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimates, maintaining a significance level of 5%. Results from the detailed trend analysis of MRBC indicate the absence of a significant trend at the 95% confidence level in the region. However, the study identifies both increasing and decreasing trends in annual rainfall at selected stations. Furthermore, no significant trend emerges in the temperature data for annual series throughout MRBC. Notably, a significant negative trend is observed during pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods, while a significant positive trend is identified at the Ron station. These findings contribute valuable information for understanding the climatic dynamics in MRBC and serve as a basis for formulating informed strategies to address climate-induced challenges.