bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
TRPM5, a taste-signaling transient receptor potential ion-channel, is a ubiquitous signaling component in chemosensory cells
Authors: Kaske Silke , Krasteva Gabriele , König Peter , Kummer Wolfgang , Hofmann Thomas , Gudermann Thomas , Chubanov Vladimir 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
A growing number of TRP channels have been identified as key players in the sensation of smell, temperature, mechanical forces and taste. TRPM5 is known to be abundantly expressed in taste receptor cells where it participates in sweet, amino acid and bitter perception. A role of TRPM5 in other sensory systems, however, has not been studied so far.

Results
Here, we systematically investigated the expression of TRPM5 in rat and mouse tissues. Apart from taste buds, where we found TRPM5 to be predominantly localized on the basolateral surface of taste receptor cells, TRPM5 immunoreactivity was seen in other chemosensory organs – the main olfactory epithelium and the vomeronasal organ. Most strikingly, we found solitary TRPM5-enriched epithelial cells in all parts of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tract. Based on their tissue distribution, the low cell density, morphological features and co-immunostaining with different epithelial markers, we identified these cells as brush cells (also known as tuft, fibrillovesicular, multivesicular or caveolated cells). In terms of morphological characteristics, brush cells resemble taste receptor cells, while their origin and biological role are still under intensive debate.

Conclusion
We consider TRPM5 to be an intrinsic signaling component of mammalian chemosensory organs, and provide evidence for brush cells being an important cellular correlate in the periphery.
Enhancement of intracellular γ-tocopherol levels in cytokine-stimulated C3H 10T1/2 fibroblasts: relation to NO synthesis, isoprostane formation, and tocopherol oxidation
Authors: Tanaka Yuichiro , Wood Leslie A Lesoon , Cooney Robert V 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBackgroundStimulation of C3H 10T1/2 murine fibroblasts with interferon-γ(IFN) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) generates reactive oxygen and nitrogen species leading to DNA damage, lipid oxidation, and tocopherol oxidation. The tocopherols possess unique chemical and biological properties that suggest they have important roles related to intracellular defense against radical-mediated damage.ResultsDespite increased levels of reactive oxidants and decreased media tocopherol, cellular levels of γ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, were observed to increase significantly when cells were treated with IFN/LPS. Inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by a specific inhibitor of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) increased both intracellular α-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol concentrations, but did not significantly alter the reduction in media tocopherol levels caused by IFN/LPS treatment. Both exposure to exogenous NO and cellular synthesis of NO in cell culture increased media levels of 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α, a marker of oxidative lipid damage, whereas inhibition of endogenous NO synthesis reduced media 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α formation to control levels.ConclusionElevated intracellular levels of γ-tocopherol in response to the cellular inflammatory state may indicate that it serves a unique role in minimizing cellular damage resulting from endogenous NO synthesis. Results of the current study suggest that NO is an important mediator of damage within the cell, as well as in the oxidation of both α- and γ-tocopherols. The paradoxical increase in cellular tocopherol associated with the induction of NO synthesis may indicate either enhanced cellular transport/decreased export for tocopherols or recruitment of free tocopherol from tocopherol storage molecules.
Mating behaviour in the sea slug Elysia timida (Opisthobranchia, Sacoglossa): hypodermic injection, sperm transfer and balanced reciprocity
Authors: Schmitt Valerie , Anthes Nils , Michiels Nico K 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
In simultaneous hermaphrodites with copulation and internal fertilization it is often unclear whether reciprocal sperm exchange results from the unconditional willingness of both partners to donate and receive sperm, or whether it follows from a more controlled process such as conditional reciprocal sperm exchange, i.e. sperm trading. While in some sea slugs mating is assumed to be based on sperm trading, it seems to be unconditional in others. Here, we describe the unusual mating behaviour of Elysia timida, a small sacoglossan, focussing on indications for conditional reciprocity.

Results

E. timida shows an as yet unique combination of a long series of hypodermic transfers followed by a short phase with standard insemination into a female genital aperture. Hypodermic transfer takes place in the form of repeated small injections into the dorsal surface of the partner, interrupted by synchronised circling movements. In the final mating phase sperm is transferred into the female genital aperture in a short period. In both phases the two mating individuals show a high degree of transfer symmetry and synchrony. While total duration and number of transfers were balanced within pairs, they varied significantly between pairs. Furthermore, looking at individual hypodermic transfers within pairs, reciprocal transfers lasted longer than unilateral transfers. Final sperm transfers were always reciprocal except for two cases which also diverted from the usual pattern in ways that were suggestive of a conflict over reciprocity.

Conclusion
Our results suggest that individual mating decisions in E. timida depend on what the partner does, indicating conditional reciprocity. If hypodermic transfers also involve the transfer of sperm (which remains to be confirmed), this system represents an up to now unique transition stage between hypodermic and standard insemination, both of which are widespread in this group of sea slugs, but never have been observed to co-occur within the same species.
Acute panuveitis with hypopyon in Crohn's disease secondary to medical therapy: a case report
Authors: Haider David , Dhawahir-Scala Felipe E , Strouthidis Nicholas G , Davies Nigel 
Published: July 2007

Abstract

Background
A case report to highlight the association between rifabutin and hypopyon

Methods
A 56 year old male presented with a one day history of blurred vision in his right eye. He had an established diagnosis of Crohn's disease which was in remission following treatment with rifabutin and clarithromycin. A brisk anterior uveitis with hypopyon and a mild vitritis was detected in the right eye. The acute inflammatory episode resolved following treatment with topical corticosteroids and withdrawal of rifabutin.

Results
The presence of hypopyon is atypical in uveitis associated with inflammatory bowel disease. The association between rifabutin treatment and hypopyon uveitis is well recognised in Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis. However, use of rifabutin in the management of Crohn's disease is controversial and not widely known to an ophthalmic readership.

Conclusion
This report highlights the importance of keeping abreast of novel therapeutic developments in systemic conditions likely to be encountered in ophthalmology.
A Comparison of 1850 (50 mCi) and 3700 MBq (100 mCi) 131-Iodine Administered Doses for Recombinant Thyrotropin-Stimulated Postoperative Thyroid Remnant Ablation in Differentiated Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Pilli Tania , Brianzoni Ernesto , Capoccetti Francesca , Castagna Maria Grazia , Fattori Sara , Poggiu Angela , Rossi Gloria , Ferretti Francesca , Guarino Elisa , Burroni Luca , Vattimo Angelo , Cipri Claudia , Pacini Furio 
Published: July 2007

Abstract
Objective: Recently, a multicenter study in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients showed that 3700 MBq 131-iodine (131I) after recombinant human TSH (rhTSH) had a successful thyroid ablation rate similar to that obtained after thyroid hormone withdrawal. We investigated whether 1850 MBq 131I had a similar successful rate to 3700 MBq in patients prepared with rhTSH.
Design: A total of 72 patients with DTC were randomly assigned to receive 1850 (group A, n = 36) or 3700 MBq (group B, n = 36) 131I after rhTSH. One injection of 0.9 mg rhTSH was administered for 2 consecutive days; 131I therapy was delivered 24 h after the last injection, followed by a posttherapy whole-body scan. Successful ablation was assessed 6–8 months later.
Results: Successful ablation (no visible uptake in the diagnostic whole-body scan after rhTSH stimulation) was achieved in 88.9% of group A and B patients. Basal and rhTSH-stimulated serum thyroglobulin was undetectable (&lt;1 ng/ml) in 78.9% of group A and 66.6% of group B patients (P = 0.46). Similar rates of ablation were obtained in both groups also in patients with node metastases.
Conclusion: Therapeutic 131I activities of 1850 MBq are equally effective as 3700 MBq for thyroid ablation in DTC patients prepared with rhTSH, even in the presence of node metastases.
Regulation of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 (SOC3) by Growth Hormone in Pro-B Cells
Authors: Barclay Johanna L. , Anderson Stephen T. , Waters Michael J. , Curlewis Jon D. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSuppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) is expressed by lymphoid cells and can modulate the sensitivity of these cells to cytokine stimulation through inhibition of Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways. This study employed a mouse pro-B cell line expressing the human GH receptor (BaF/3-GHR), to elucidate the signal transduction pathways used by GH to elicit SOCS3 expression. GH treatment of these cells caused a rapid, dose-dependent increase in SOCS3 mRNA expression, which was independent of de novo protein synthesis. As expected, GH treatment increased JAK-dependent STAT5 tyrosine phosphorylation, which bound to the proximal STAT response element (pSRE) on the SOCS3 promoter. This process appeared to involve STAT5b, rather than STAT5a. In addition, GH activation of the SOCS3 promoter required a nearby activator protein (AP) 1/cAMP response element (CRE), which bound cAMP response element binding protein, c-Fos, and c-Jun. Moreover, inhibitors of p38 MAPK and c-Jun N-terminal kinase prevented GH-stimulation of SOCS3 mRNA expression in these cells, suggesting a role for these kinases in SOCS3 transcription. Importantly, GH stimulation increased binding of FOXO3a to the SOCS3 promoter at a site overlapping the AP1/CRE response element, and overexpression of FOXO3a in these cells augmented SOCS3 promoter activation. In addition, we show a direct interaction between FOXO3a and STAT5 in these cells, which may provide a link between STAT5 and the AP1 transcription factors on the SOCS3 promoter. We conclude that regulation of SOCS3 expression by GH in a pro-B cell involves not only the pSRE, but also a transcriptionally active complex involving cAMP response element binding protein/c-Fos/c-Jun and FOXO3a. This study has implications for cytokine regulation of SOCS gene expression in lymphoid cells.
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes: A Markov Model
Authors: Campbell Heather M , Boardman Kathy D , Dodd Melanie A , Raisch Dennis W 
Published: July 2007

Background: Prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events by initiating an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor on diagnosis of type 2 diabetes may increase survival and decrease costs. Objective: To determine the incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of ACE inhibitor initiation in normoaIbuminuric, microalbuminuruc, and macroaIbuminuric patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cohort of patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes was followed for 8 years in a Markov model. Clinical outcomes included CVD events, dialysis, all-cause mortality, and the composite endpoints of the 3 events. Probabilities and costs were obtained from the literature. One-way and two-way sensitivity analyses were conducted to test the robustness of the model. Results: Implementation of ACE inhibitor therapy on diagnosis of type 2 diabetes in normoalbuminuric and microalbuminuric patients is a dominant strategy (ie, more effective and less costly) across all outcomes. In macro-albuminuric patients, an additional $4,10 and $4.58 saves one life and avoids one composite endpoint, respectively; however, in these patients, not giving an ACE inhibitor is dominant for prevention of CVD events and dialysis. This is due to a 28.62% higher mortality rate in patients not receiving an ACE inhibitor. Thus, analysts of the composite endpoint shows that not giving an ACE inhibitor does not remain dominant. A limitation of our study is the inability to determine causality. Conclusions: If every newly diagnosed patient with type 2 diabetes in the US was prescribed an ACE inhibitor, our model shows that 68 314 CVD events would be averted, 46410 lives would be saved, and 48 people would be prevented from needing dialysis over 8 years. These findings suggest that ACE inhibitors prevent numerous events in patients with type 2 diabetes who are normoalbuminuric at diagnosis, in addition to those already identified as being at risk for CVD events.
Interaction Between Valproate and Meropenem: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Spriet Isabel , Goyens Jo , Meersseman Wouter , Wilmer Alexander , Willems Ludo , Paesschen Wim Van 
Published: July 2007

Background: Valproate and meropenem are frequently used in the intensive care unit to treat seizures and serious infections, respectively. Several case reports have described a remarkable interaction between the drugs when administered concurrently. The interaction leads to a significant drop in plasma concentrations of valproate within 24 hours and relapse of seizures in some patients. Objective: To evaluate a consecutive population of hospitalized patients who were simultaneously treated with meropenem and valproate and assess the effect on epileptic activity. Methods: A retrospective study of an 18 month period was performed to assess the extent and clinical impact of this interaction. To assess the relevance of the interaction, the time-relationship between the drop in plasma concentrations and relapse in seizure activity and/or deterioration of electroencephalogram recordings was determined. We investigated other contributing preconvulsive cofactors and concomitant antiepileptic treatment. Drug interaction probability scale (DIPS) scores were calculated. Results: Thirty-nine patients were treated simultaneously with valproate and meropenem. The pharmacokinetic interaction was observed in all 39 patients, with an average drop in valproate plasma concentrations of 66%, The decrease occurred within 24 hours, as shown in 19 patients who had daily plasma concentration monitoring, The clinical impact of the interaction could not be assessed in 19 (49%) patients due to death (n = 13) or incomplete charts (n = 6). In the remaining 20 (51%) patients, DIPS scores were calculated and clinical relevance was assessed. The interaction was considered to be probable in 16 patients and possible in 4, as calculated by the DIPS. The interaction contributed to electroclinical deterioration in 11 patients. Conclusions: The pharmacokinetic interaction between valproate and meropenem was present in all patients and led to a drop of valproate concentrations with an average of 66% within 24 hours. This interaction was clinically relevant with electroclinical deterioration in 55% of patients. To avoid patients’ possible neurologic deterioration, meropenem and valproate should not be administered together.
Construct validity, reliability and predictive validity of the dynamic risk assessment and management system (DRAMS) in offenders with intellectual disability
Authors: Steptoe Lesley R. , Lindsay William R. , Murphy Lesley , Young Steven J. 
Published: July 2007

Background. There have been a number of developments in the assessment of dynamic risk in the criminological literature. The dynamic risk assessment and management system (DRAMS) has been developed to facilitate the measurement of dynamic factors of risk for offenders with intellectual disability.Method. The study was designed to assess the construct validity, reliability and predictive utility of the DRAMS in 23 male forensic patients in a high secure setting. Predictions were made against independently collected incident data. Concurrent validity was assessed against the Ward Anger Rating Scale (WARS).Results. A reformulation of the individual section variables according to convergent and discriminant correlational analysis revealed Cronbach's alpha levels of >.8 for all sections apart from mood (alpha .750) and items retained to facilitate clinical information (alpha −.017). Two hundred pairs of WARS and DRAMS assessments revealed orderly sectional correlations. The sections of mood, antisocial behaviour, and intolerance/agreeableness predicted incidents with a medium effect size as did total DRAMS score. There were highly significant differences between assessments taken 1 or 2 days prior to an incident and control assessments conducted at least 7 days from an incident.Conclusions. The reformulated DRAMS has good construct and concurrent validity. It appears to be a reliable assessment tool and informs on risk levels relating to stable and acute proximal factors. It appears as an important addition to the utility of risk assessments for this population.
Gait Training Combining Partial Body-Weight Support, a Treadmill, and Functional Electrical Stimulation: Effects on Poststroke Gait
Authors: Lindquist Ana RR , Prado Christiane L , Barros Ricardo ML , Mattioli Rosana , da Costa Paula H Lobo , Salvini Tania F 
Published: July 2007

Background and Purpose: Treadmill training with harness support is a promising, task-oriented approach to restoring locomotor function in people with poststroke hemiparesis. Although the combined use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and treadmill training with body-weight support (BWS) has been studied before, this combined intervention was compared with the Bobath approach as opposed to BWS alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combined use of FES and treadmill training with BWS on walking functions and voluntary limb control in people with chronic hemiparesis.Subjects: Eight people who were ambulatory after chronic stroke were evaluated.Methods: An A1-B-A2 single-case study design was applied. Phases A1 and A2 included 3 weeks of gait training on a treadmill with BWS, and phase B included 3 weeks of treadmill training plus FES applied to the peroneal nerve. The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement was used to assess motor recovery, and a videography analysis was used to assess gait parameters.Results: An improvement (from 54.9% to 71.0%) in motor function was found during phase B. The spatial and temporal variables cycle duration, stance duration, and cadence as well as cycle length symmetry showed improvements when phase B was compared with phases A1 and A2.Discussion and Conclusions: The combined use of FES and treadmill training with BWS led to an improvement in motor recovery and seemed to improve the gait pattern of subjects with hemiparesis, indicating the utility of this combination method during gait rehabilitation. In addition, this single-case series showed that this alternative method of gait training—treadmill training with BWS and FES—may decrease the number of people required to carry out the training.
Transport characteristics of some carboxylic acids in the polymeric anion‐exchange membrane Neosepta‐AMH: Batch experiments
Authors: Palatý Zdeněk , Stoček Pavel , Žáková Alena , Bendová Helena 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis article reports the transport of selected carboxylic acids—citric acid, oxalic acid, and tartaric acid—through an anion‐exchange membrane (Neosepta‐AMH) in a two‐compartment dialysis cell. These basic data have been completed by measurements of the sorption isotherms. The mass‐transfer rate has been quantified by the following transport characteristics: the overall dialysis coefficient, the permeability of the membrane, and the membrane mass‐transfer coefficient. The sorption experiments have revealed that the Neosepta‐AMH membrane exhibits the highest affinity to tartaric acid, whereas the lowest affinity has been found for citric acid. The analysis of the mass‐transfer data has shown that the membrane is relatively permeable for oxalic acid: all three transport characteristics for oxalic acid are approximately 1 order of magnitude higher than those for citric or tartaric acid. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 106: 909–916, 2007
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Cytotoxic and Superoxide Dismutase Activities of Copper(II) Complexes of N‐(4,5‐Dihydroimidazol‐2‐yl)azoles
Authors: Saczewski Franciszek , Dziemidowicz‐Borys Ewa , Bednarski Patrick J. , Gdaniec Maria 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA series of four Cu(II) dichlorides with N‐(4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)azoles as chelating ligands has been prepared and characterized by IR, UV‐vis spectroscopy, and X‐ray crystallography. The complex [2‐(4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐imidazol‐2‐yl)‐1H‐benzotriazole]‐dichlorocopper(II) showed very potent SOD activity in vitro with a superoxide scavenging IC50 of 0.06 μM, comparable to those described in the literature for best low molecular weight SOD mimics. Cytotoxicity studies with seven human tumor cell lines in vitro showed that the most active complexes inhibited the growth of cancer cells with IC50 between 13–28 μM. No obvious correlation was found between cytotoxic potency and superoxide scavenging activity of the complexes in any of the cell lines.
Spectrofluorimetric determination of 5‐hydroxytryptamine using chlorosulphonylthenoyltrifluoroacetone–europium probe
Authors: Zhu Xiaojing , Wang Xiaolei , Jiang Chongqiu 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA new spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of trace amounts of 5‐hydroxytryptamine (5‐HT). Using chlorosulphonylthenoyltrifluoroacetone (CTTA)–europium (Eu3+) ion as a fluorescent probe in a buffer solution at pH 11.0, 5‐HT can remarkably enhance the fluorescence intensity of the CTTA–Eu3+ complex at λ = 612 nm; the enhanced fluorescence intensity of Eu3+ is proportional to the concentration of 5‐HT. Optimum conditions for the determination of 5‐HT were also investigated. The linear range and detection limit for the determination of 5‐HT were 1.0 × 10−7–1.2 × 10−5 mol/L and 8.5 × 10−8 mol/L, respectively. This method is simple, practical and relatively free of interference from coexisting substances, and can be applied to assess 5‐HT in urine samples. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
From egg to crystal
Authors: Olieric Vincent , Schreiber Angélique , Lorber Bernard , Pütz Joern 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA practical hands‐on course encompassing enzyme purification, biochemical characterization, and crystallization that completed the course work of 350 second‐year bachelor students enrolled in molecular biology/biochemistry was given at the Université Louis Pasteur of Strasbourg (France). The experimental part of the practical dealt entirely with the model protein lysozyme isolated from hen egg‐white. It was designed as a research project to give students the possibility to practice biochemical methods such as chromatography, electrophoresis, and spectrophotometry. It also included enzyme activity assay and protein crystal growth that are usually taught in master‐level courses. The organization of the practical work and the related experimental procedures are described and discussed.