bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Mixture modeling approach to flow cytometry data
Authors: Boedigheimer Michael J. , Ferbas John 
Published: March 2008

AbstractFlow Cytometry has become a mainstay technique for measuring fluorescent and physical attributes of single cells in a suspended mixture. These data are reduced during analysis using a manual or semiautomated process of gating. Despite the need to gate data for traditional analyses, it is well recognized that analyst‐to‐analyst variability can impact the dataset. Moreover, cells of interest can be inadvertently excluded from the gate, and relationships between collected variables may go unappreciated because they were not included in the original analysis plan. A multivariate non‐gating technique was developed and implemented that accomplished the same goal as traditional gating while eliminating many weaknesses. The procedure was validated against traditional gating for analysis of circulating B cells in normal donors (n= 20) and persons with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (n= 42). The method recapitulated relationships in the dataset while providing for an automated and objective assessment of the data. Flow cytometry analyses are amenable to automated analytical techniques that are not predicated on discrete operator‐generated gates. Such alternative approaches can remove subjectivity in data analysis, improve efficiency and may ultimately enable construction of large bioinformatics data systems for more sophisticated approaches to hypothesis testing. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Nine‐color flow cytometry for accurate measurement of T cell subsets and cytokine responses. Part II: Panel performance across different instrument platforms
Authors: McLaughlin Bridget E. , Baumgarth Nicole , Bigos Martin , Roederer Mario , De Rosa Stephen C. , Altman John D. , Nixon Douglas F. , Ottinger Janet , Li Judy , Beckett Laurel , Shacklett Barbara L. , Evans Thomas G. , Asmuth David M. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractCellular immune responses elicited by vaccination are complex and require polychromatic analysis to accurately characterize the phenotype and function of rare, responding cells. Technical challenges and a lack of instrument standardization between research sites have limited the application of polychromatic cytometry in multicenter clinical trials. Two previously developed six‐color T cell subset immunophenotyping reagent panels deliberately designed to accommodate three additional low frequency functional measurements were compared for their reproducibility of staining across three different flow cytometers. We repeatedly measured similar T cell subset frequencies between the two reagent panels and across the three different cytometers. Spectral overlap reduced sensitivity in two of the three open measurement channels (PE [IL‐2] and APC [IFNγ]) for one reagent combination, particularly in subsets with low cytokine expression. There was no significant interassay variation for measurements across instrument platforms. Careful panel design will identify reagent combinations that minimize spectral spillover into channels reserved for cytokine measurement and comparable results can be achieved using different cytometers, however, it is important to establish standardized quality control procedures for each instrument to minimize variation between cytometers. © 2008 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
Transmission network expansion planning with security constraints based on bi‐level linear programming
Authors: Fan Hong , Cheng Haozhong 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn deregulated power market, multiple conflicting objectives with many constraints should be balanced in transmission planning. The primary objective is to ensure the reliable supply to the demand as economically as possible. In this paper, a new bi‐level linear programming model for transmission network expansion planning (TNEP) with security constraints has been proposed. The modeling improves traditional building style by adding reliability planning into economy planning as constraints, letting optimal planning strategy be more economic and highly reliable. A hybrid algorithm which integrates improved niching genetic algorithm and prime‐dual interior point method is newly proposed to solve the TNEP based on bi‐level programming. The advantages of the new methodology include (1) the highest reliability planning scheme can be acquired as economically as possible; (2) new model avoids the contradictions of conflicting objectives in TNEP, and explores new ideas for TNEP modeling; (3) the proposed hybrid algorithm is able to solve bi‐level programming and fully manifests the merits of two algorithms as well. Simulation results obtained from two well‐known systems and comparison analysis reveal that the proposed methodology is valid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A gradient smoothing method (GSM) for fluid dynamics problems
Authors: Liu G. R. , Xu George X. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel gradient smoothing method (GSM) based on irregular cells and strong form of governing equations is presented for fluid dynamics problems with arbitrary geometries. Upon the analyses about the compactness and the positivity of coefficients of influence of their stencils for approximating a derivative, four favorable schemes (II, VI, VII and VIII) with second‐order accuracy are selected among the total eight proposed discretization schemes. These four schemes are successively verified and carefully examined in solving Poisson's equations, subjected to changes in the number of nodes, the shapes of cells and the irregularity of triangular cells, respectively. Numerical results imply us that all the four schemes give very good results: Schemes VI and VIII produce a slightly better accuracy than the other two schemes on irregular cells, but at a higher cost in computation. Schemes VII and VIII that consistently rely on gradient smoothing operations are more accurate than Schemes II and VI in which directional correction is imposed. It is interestingly found that GSM is insensitive to the irregularity of meshes, indicating the robustness of the presented GSM. Among the four schemes of GSM, Scheme VII outperforms the other three schemes, for its outstanding overall performance in terms of numerical accuracy, stability and efficiency. Finally, GSM solutions with Scheme VII to some benchmarked compressible flows including inviscid flow over NACA0012 airfoil, laminar flow over flat plate and turbulent flow over an RAE2822 airfoil are presented, respectively. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Combination of rituximab with chemotherapy in diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma. Evaluation in daily practice before and after approval of rituximab in this indication
Authors: Ghesquières Hervé , Ferlay Céline , Sebban Catherine , Chassagne Catherine , Carausu Liana , Gargi Thérèse , Favier Bertrand , Philip Irène , Blay Jean‐Yves , Biron Pierre 
Published: March 2008

AbstractRandomized trials have demonstrated improved outcome from adding rituximab to CHOP (cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone) for patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This retrospective study compared the outcomes of 224 patients with DLBCL treated in our institution before (Period 1, 1996–2002) and after (Period 2, 2002–2005) approval of rituximab in this indication to evaluate the impact of the drug in daily practice in unselected patients receiving different types of chemotherapy. We treated 131 patients in Period 1 versus 93 in Period 2 (median follow‐up, 75 and 29 months, respectively) with no difference in patient characteristics between the two periods. Event‐free and overall survivals (EFS and OS) were significantly improved in Period 2 for elderly patients and a significant shift in the selection of regimens was observed at the time when rituximab became available. More patients received the CHOP regimen in Period 2 than in Period 1 (82 vs. 57%,p < 0.007) with CHOP being substituted for epirubicin‐based regimens. In younger patients treated mostly with the ACVBP regimen (doxorubicin, cyclophosphamide, vindesine, bleomycin, prednisone) these differences were not observed, suggesting that combination of rituximab with dose‐dense chemotherapy may deserve further evaluation in this age group. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experiment and numerical simulation of nitrogen transport in soils irrigated with treated sewage
Authors: Yang J. , Wang L. , Lu C. , Jayawardane N. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA Nitrogen‐2D model to analyse the nitrogen dynamics during treated wastewater application to FILTER (Filtration and Irrigated cropping for Land Treatment and Effluent Reuse) systems was developed. The model simulates both water movement and solute transformations in two‐dimensional saturated–unsaturated soil. The transformations of nitrogen in both organic and inorganic matters are considered. The transport equation includes the adsorption, nitrification, denitrification, volatilisation, and root uptake of the nitrogen with the general equilibrium equations. The effects of temperature, water content, N/C ratio, and pH on the nitrogen transformation are considered in the model.The model is calibrated using field data from FILTER plots of 4 ha during 170 days' effluent application and is validated using data from sewage irrigation in four lysimeters for 86 days in China. The model accurately predicts the changes in the groundwater table depths, as well as the concentration of nitrate‐nitrogen and ammonium‐nitrogen in the subsurface drainage water outflows from the plots. The model was used to predict groundwater flow and nitrogen transport of the lysimeters using the same water flow and nitrogen transformation parameters, and the good agreement of the simulation value and experimental data shows the reliability of the model for the analysis of water and nitrogen transport. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of the elimination of toluene vapours in twin biotrickling filters using two microorganisms Bacillus cereus S1 and S2
Authors: Li Guiying , He Ze , An Taicheng , Zeng Xiangying , Sheng Guoying , Fu Jiamo 
Published: March 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: To investigate the microbial degradation performance of organic pollutants in the atmosphere using a biotrickling filter, two microorganism strains, Bacillus cereus S1 and Bacillus cereus S2, were selected, identified and inoculated into a twin biotrickling filter for comparison.RESULTS: Both strains showed good performance towards the degradation of model organic pollutants when gas flow rates ranged from 100 to 600 L h−1. For S1, the total maximum removal efficiency (RE) of toluene was maintained nearly 100% not only at gas flow rates of 100 L h−1 corresponding to empty bed residence time (EBRT) 199.44 s, but also at gas flow rates of 200 L h−1 (EBRT = 99.72 s) and 300 L h−1 (EBRT = 66.48 s). However, S2 had a much lower degradation capability; near 100% removal efficiency was obtained only at the gas flow rate of 100 L h−1 although both bacteria belong to the same Bacillus cereus. With further increase in gas flow rate, the total REs for both S1 and S2 decreased slightly at first and then dropped sharply to 46% and 35%, respectively, at an EBRT of 33.24 s, corresponding to a gas flow rate of 600 L h−1. Starvation for between 2 and 10 days resulted in the re‐acclimation times of both strains ranging between 1.0 and 15.5 h.CONCLUSION: Strain S1 would be a better choice for inoculation into a biotrickling filter than strain S2, because of its much higher toluene removal capacity and rapid recovery to full performance. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
Alteration of proton diffusivity associated with passive muscle extension and contraction
Authors: Hatakenaka Masamitsu , Matsuo Yoshio , Setoguchi Taro , Yabuuchi Hidetake , Okafuji Takashi , Kamitani Takeshi , Nishikawa Kei , Honda Hiroshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo determine whether passive muscle extension and contraction affect the proton diffusivity of the muscle.Materials and MethodsFive male subjects were examined. The fractional anisotropy (FA), and primary (λ1), secondary (λ2), and tertiary eigenvalues (λ3) of the right tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles were compared between conditions of passive plantar flexion and passive dorsiflexion of the ankle joint.ResultsIn the tibialis anterior, FA, and λ1 at dorsiflexion decreased significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared to those at plantar flexion, but λ3 at dorsiflexion increased significantly (P = 0.02). In the gastrocnemius, FA and λ1 at dorsiflexion increased significantly (P < 0.01 and P < 0.01, respectively) compared to those at plantar flexion, but λ3 at dorsiflexion decreased significantly (P < 0.01). The λ2 value showed no significant change in either the tibialis anterior or medial gastrocnemius.ConclusionThe results indicate that passive muscle extension and contraction associated with passive joint movement would affect the proton diffusivity of the muscle. This alteration of proton diffusivity is probably associated with microscopic structural changes of the muscle. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:932–937. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Capillary permeability and extracellular volume fraction in uterine cervical cancer as patient outcome predictors: Measurements by using dynamic MRI spin‐lattice relaxometry
Authors: Dedieu Véronique , Bailly Corinne , Vincent Catherine , Achard Jean‐Louis , Le Bouedec Guillaume , Penault‐Llorca Frédérique , Verrelle Pierre , Vincensini Dominique 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPurposeTo improve the outcome prediction of uterine cervical carcinoma by measuring the vascular permeability (kep) and the extracellular volume fraction (ve) of the tumor from Dynamic T1‐ IRM Relaxometry.Materials and MethodsTwenty‐six patients with proven cervical carcinoma were divided into good outcome and poor outcome groups. Classic tumor prognostic factors, the longest diameter L and the volume V of the tumor, were measured from morphologic MR images. The tumor parameters kep and ve were determined from the relaxometry time‐curve acquired during the contrast uptake after a bolus intravenous injection of an extracellular contrast agent.ResultsAll “small” tumors (L<35 mm or V<11 cm3) were good outcome with 100% sensitivity but a rather low specificity (36% and 43% for L and V, respectively). With regard to the physiopathological parameter kep, “large” tumors (L ≥ 35mm) can also be classified as good outcome on the condition that kep ≥ 2.2 min−1 with 100% sensitivity and 89% specificity. Regarding the extracellular volume fraction (ve), no significant difference was observed between the two groups.ConclusionMeasurement of the tumor vascular permeability might be useful to predict prognostic, to evaluate the treatment efficacy, and to adapt a proper therapy schedule. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2008;27:846–853. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Antagonistic effects of Pseudomonas jessenii against Pythium aphanidermatum: morphological, ultrastructural and cytochemical aspects
Authors: Deora Abhinandan , Hashidoko Yasuyuki , Tahara Satoshi 
Published: March 2008

AbstractPseudomonas jessenii isolate EC‐S101, an antagonistic rhizobacterium, induces morphological abnormalities such as topical swelling and excessive lateral branching in phytopathogenic Peronosporomycetes Pythium aphanidermatum hyphae as a result of radial growth inhibition in a dual culture assay. Rhodamine‐phalloidin staining revealed that these abnormalities were associated with disorganization of actin cytoskeleton. Both the morphological forms of actin, filaments and plaques, were affected progressively. At early stage of interaction (in less affected hyphae), the filaments were either eliminated or disarrayed. At advance stage of interaction (in severely affected hyphae), even the plaques population was decreased or disappeared. The effects of P. jessenii on actin architecture of Py. aphanidermatum were comparable to latrunculin B, a known actin assembly inhibitor. In addition, at early stage of interaction, the quantities of nuclei, lipid bodies and mitochondria became higher than those in control. At advance stage of interaction, the quantities of these organelles were almost similar, higher and lower, respectively, compare to those in control. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited cell wall disruption and accumulation of extracellular material associated with severely affected hyphae. Ultrastructural observations of the affected hyphae displayed additional features of considerable thickening of cell wall, enlargement of vacuoles, sinking of redundant lipid bodies into the enlarged vacuoles and wall appositions. We conclude that in addition to interference in morphogenesis and growth of Py. aphanidermatum, P. jessenii suppresses the pathogen through sub‐cellular disorganization, specifically the actin architecture. This is the first report on disruption of cytoskeleton in a eukaryotic phytopathogen by an antagonistic rhizobacterium. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
gAn improved interface for universal acoustic flame detection in modified supercritical fluid chromatography
Authors: Mah Christine , Thurbide Kevin B. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractA novel method of interfacing the acoustic flame detector (AFD) with modified supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is presented. By applying resistive heating directly to the burner region between the restrictor outlet and the acoustic flame, infrequent severe noise, baseline drifting, and peak deformations that can occasionally be observed with the AFD are eliminated. For example, by increasing the interface temperature only a few hundred degrees Celsius, such sporadic noise in the detector can be reduced nearly ten‐fold resulting in smooth stable operation of the AFD. Further, for various levels of methanol modified supercritical carbon dioxide mobile phase examined, the interface was observed to reduce detector noise in each to a common minimal range near 10–25 Hz when an appropriate temperature was achieved. The method is simply assembled, inexpensive to construct, and robust in its daily operation. Overall, the heated interface developed and presented facilitates reliable AFD operation in modified SFC, and supports further exploration and implementation of this sensor as an alternative universal detector in separations requiring an organic cosolvent in the mobile phase.
In vivo Degradation and Histocompatibility of a Novel Class of Fluorescent Copolyanhydrides, Poly{[di(p‐carboxyphenyl) succinate]‐co‐(sebacic anhydride)}
Authors: Fan Jun , Li Yan , Jiang Hongliang , Tang Guping , Wang Liqun 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this work, the in vivo degradation and tissue compatibility of a novel class of inherently fluorescent copolyanhydrides, P(dCPS:SA), were investigated. It was found that the degradation of the copolyanhydrides increased with the increase of SA content in the copolymers. The in vivo degradation rate of the copolymers was slower than that studied in vitro. A surface erosion characteristic of the copolyanhydrides was revealed by SEM and fluorescent microscopy. Mild inflammatory reactions were observed on days 6 and 10 after implantation for all the studied copolymers. By the end of 30 d, there were almost no inflammation reactions taking place.magnified image
To coat or not to coat? The maintenance of Cor‐Ten® sculptures
Authors: Decker P. , Brüggerhoff S. , Eggert G. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractSince the mid sixties Cor‐Ten® steel became one of the most famous materials for outdoor sculptures until today. This material was used by many artists because of its good weather resistance. Due to not always suitable ranges of application many significant problems in the field of conservation appeared.These were surveyed in a project of the study programme ‘Object Conservation’ at the State Academy of Art and Design Stuttgart with special focus on the material and its protective rust layers, the premises for its protection, different cases of significant damage and their causes, the potential of preventive conservation and practised interventive methods.Although it seems to be in some way a contradiction in itself to coat a weathering steel, this has often been done in hands‐on conservation to overcome corrosion problems. Therefore different coating materials already in use for outdoor metal sculptures were tested on Cor‐Ten coupons in the framework of the CONSIST project in the Deutsches Bergbau‐Museum Bochum (DBM). Cor‐Ten B samples were covered with different coating materials such as: microcrystalline waxes, waxes used in technical corrosion protection, an acrylic resin and a polyurethane resin. The sheets were then weathered for 2 months in a climate chamber with a relative high humidity (but also drying cycles) and a climate chamber with a periodic changing relative high rate of SO2 gas and humidity using standard protocols developed at DBM in earlier projects. The effectiveness of the protective function of each coating materials is compared, consequences for practical applications discussed.
Modern corrosion protection on historical buildings
Authors: Schütz A. , Gehrke J. 
Published: March 2008

AbstractDifferent possibilities for restoration of historical buildings have been studied and presented in this paper. The alternative of a ‘historical restoration’ is shown for the example of a hall of a former slaughterhouse in Berlin (‘Alten Schlachthof’), after detecting the actual corrosion conditions of the hall's steel construction. The reconstruction of an over 100 year old building by using modern coating materials according to DIN EN ISO 12944 is visualised by the example of the Dresden main station.
In Situ Coacervated Microcapsules with Filled Polyelectrolytes and Charge‐Controlled Permeation for Dye Molecules
Authors: Wang Feng , Tong Weijun , Li Jun , Gao Changyou 
Published: March 2008

AbstractMicrocapsules with charge‐controlled permeation for electrolytes were fabricated by an in situ coacervation method in the presence of polyelectrolyte during core removal. A layer of PAH was adsorbed onto PSS‐doped CaCO3 microparticles, followed by crosslinking of the PAH layer with GA and core removal in a solution of EDTA with or without PAH. In the presence of PAH, microcapsules with a larger size, weight and PSS content than with PAH were obtained. Microcapsules produces without PAH showed a unique feature of charge‐controlled permeation for electrolytes: negatively charged probes were completely rejected, but positively charged ones were attracted.magnified image
Third Virial Coefficient for 4‐Arm and 6‐Arm Star Polymers
Authors: Caracciolo Sergio , Mognetti Bortolo Matteo , Pelissetto Andrea 
Published: March 2008

AbstractWe discuss the computation of the third virial coefficient in polymer systems, focusing on an additional contribution absent in the case of monoatomic fluids. We determine the interpenetration ratio and several quantities that involve the third virial coefficient for star polymers with 4 and 6 arms in the good‐solvent regime, in the limit of a large degree of polymerization.magnified image
Performance study of fixed value inductors and their optimization using electromagnetic simulator
Authors: Haobijam Genemala , Paily Roy 
Published: March 2008

AbstractIn this article, we present an extensive analysis of the dependence of quality factor, peak frequency, self resonance frequency, and area of a spiral inductor on its layout parameters, while keeping the inductance value constant as opposed to various studies reported. This performance trend study establishes the optimum metal width and number of turns for a specified inductance value and desired operating frequency. We propose here an algorithm for accurate design and optimization of spiral inductors using a 3D electromagnetic simulator with minimum number of inductor structure simulations, and thereby reducing its long computation time. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1205–1210, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23310