bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Molecular Structure of 1,1′-Ferrocenediyl Bis(dimethylsilylene) Bridged Triruthenium Dihydrido Cluster, [Ru3(μ-H)2(μ-SiMe2C5H4FeC5H4SiMe2)(CO)10]
Authors: Kotani Sonae , Tanizawa Tsuneyoshi , Adachi Tomohiro , Yoshida Toshikatsu , Sonogashira Kenkichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The reaction between equimolar amounts of 1,1′-bis(dimethylsilyl)ferrocene (3) and trirutheniumdodecacarbonyl afforded dihydrido triruthenium cluster (4) having an edge-bridge by a 1,1′-ferrocenediyl bis(dimethylsilylene) chelate ligand. This complex was identified by a combination of spectroscopic and X-ray methods. Crystal data for 4: monoclinic, space group C2/c,a = 13.567(4) Å, b = 15.871(3) Å, c = 15.195(5) Å, β = 110.24(2)°, V = 3069(2) Å3, Z = 4 and R(Rw) = 0.041(0.044).
Generation of Sulfonyl Radicals from Sodium Sulfinates by Oxidation with Metallic Oxidants and Their Addition Reaction with Olefins
Authors: Narasaka Koichi , Mochizuki Takashi , Hayakawa Satoshi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Sodium arylsulfinates are treated with manganese(III) 2-pyridinecarboxylate or cerium(IV) tetrabutylammonium nitrate to generate sulfonyl radicals, which react with various olefins giving the addition products.
Redox Behavior of Fe(II)-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine Complex as a Superoxide Dismutase-Like Mimic
Authors: Nakagawa Munenori , Hanaoka Kazunori , Terasaki Akira , Mori Yutaka , Hokazono Hidenori , Sato Masaru , Iida Takeaki 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The catalytic mechanism of the superoxide dismutase-like activity catalyzed by Fe(II)-N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)-trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine ([Fe(II)(TPCN)]) was studied in aqueous solution. Addition of KO2 solution was employed as superoxide (O2−) generation systems to decipher the changes in UV-Visible spectra of [Fe(TPCN)] upon the reaction with O2−. It was indicated that [Fe(TPCN)]catalyzed the disproportionation of O2− through the redox cycle of [Fe(II)/(III)(TPCN)].
Stabilized Zirconia-Based Potentiometric Sensor for Nitrogen Oxides
Authors: Kurosawa Hideyuki , Yan Yongtie , Miura Norio , Yamazoe Noboru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
An electrochemical device fabricated by combining an MgO-stabilized zirconia (MSZ) tube and a coating layer of Ba(NO3)2 (auxiliary phase) was found to exhibit fairly good Nernstian response to dilute NO2 in air at elevated temperature (450 °C). The response to NO, which was far less satisfactory with the above device, could be much improved by the use of a binary system of Ba(NO3)2-CaCO3 for the coating layer.
A Novel and Regioselective Radical Cyclization of gem-Dihalocyclopropyl Substituted Alkenes and Alkynes Using Tributyltin Hydride and Catalytic AIBN
Authors: Tanabe Yoo , Nishii Yoshinori , Wakimura Ken-ichi 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Various gem-dihalocyclopropyl substituted alkenes and alkynes were transformed into the corresponding bicyclo[3.1.0]- or [4.1.0] compounds with high regioselectivity through a reductive radical cyclization using tributyltin hydride in the presence of catalytic azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN).
Reaction of Strained Homoconjugated Compounds with Benzene in the Presence of Palladium(II) Acetate
Authors: Saito Katsuhiro , Kozaki Masatoshi , Imai Akira , Hara Yasushi , Takahashi Kensuke 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reaction of tricyclo[3.2.2.02,4]nona-6,9-diene derivatives with benzene in the presence of palladium(II) acetate afforded pentacyclic benzo derivatives through successive repeated substitutions accompanied by formation of cyclopropane rings. A bicyclo[2.2.2]octa-2,5-diene derivative also underwent a similar reaction.
Reaction Routes between CO and Hydrogen over an Sm2O3 Catalyst Observed by in situ Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Sakata Yoshihisa , Kanechika Yukihiro , Imamura Hayao , Tsuchiya Susumu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Reaction routes between CO and hydrogen over an Sm2O3 catalyst were clearly observed by in situ infrared spectroscopy. CO directly reacted with surface hydride species to form surface hydrogenation products but the surface carboxylate or oxalate produced from adsorption of CO were inert to the reaction with hydrogen.
Effect of Support on Methanol Synthesis over Cu Catalyst
Authors: Fujitani Tadahiro , Saito Masahiro , Kanai Yuki , Watanabe Taiki , Nakamura Junji , Uchijima Toshio 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The effect of metal oxides such as ZnO, Al2O3, ZrO2, Ga2O3, and Cr2O3 contained in Cu-based catalysts was classified into two categories: Stabilization of the Cu+ species by metal oxides and improvement of the Cu dispersion.
Utilization of Oxidizing Character of TeCl4 in the Reaction with Trialkyl Phosphite. A Novel Redox Phosphorylation
Authors: Watanabe Yutaka , Yamamoto Takashi , Iwasaki Taroh , Ozaki Shoichiro 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Oxidation-reduction reaction of a trialkyl phosphite with TeCl4 in the presence of an alcohol and tert-amine proceeded smoothly to afford the corresponding phosphorylation product in good yield.
Mechanism of the cis- and trans-anti-Markovnikov Addition of Methanol to 1-Phenylcycloalkenes through Photoinduced Electron Transfer
Authors: Kojima Masanobu , Ishida Akito , Takamuku Setsuo , Wada Yuji , Yanagida Shozo 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Irradiation of 1-phenylcycloalkenes with cyanoaromatics in methanol/acetonitrile and methanol-benzene solutions gives cis- (2) and trans-anti-Markovnikov type adducts (3), the ratio of which depends on both solvent polarity and the ring size of the starting olefins. The results of a semiempirical molecular orbital calculation show that the isomer ratio of 2/3 in acetonitrile would be determined by the stability of anion intermediates intervening in the reaction.
Paramagnetic Quenching of the Inverted Magnetic Field Effects Observed in the Photoreduction of Decafluorobenzophenone in a Brij35 Micellar Solution
Authors: Wakasa Masanobu , Igarashi Masatoshi , Sakaguchi Yoshio , Hayashi Hisaharu 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
The inversion of magnetic field effects (MFEs) observed in the photoreduction of decafluorobenzophenone was studied in the absence and presence of a paramagnetic Gd3+ ion. The MFEs appearing at both low (B ≤ 2T) and high (2T &lt; B ≤ 10T) fields were simultaneously quenched by the addition of Gd3+. For the present reaction, it is concluded that the inversion of the MFEs is due to the relaxation mechanism.
Surface Photovoltage Spectroscopy and Mapping by Atomic Force Microscopy
Authors: Jiang Lei , Nagahara Larry Akio , Hashimoto Kazuhito , Fujishima Akira 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
We have adapted an atomic force microscope (AFM) for the purpose of performing surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy. SPV spectra were obtained from p-type Si (100) and TiO2 (100) test samples over a wavelength region between 300–800 nm. Simultaneous AFM topography and SPV mapping was also conducted. The boundary between a polymer coating and bare Si substrate was used to test the mapping capability.
A Computational Study on Fluxional Behavior of Group 6 and 7 Transition-metal Complexes of Borane–Lewis Base Adducts
Authors: Kawano Yasuro , Kakizawa Taeko , Yamaguchi Kazunori , Shimoi Mamoru 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Fluxional behavior of group 6 and 7 metal borane complexes was investigated with use of density functional theory (DFT). Site exchange of BH hydrogen atoms of the borane ligand BH3·L or B2H4·2PMe3 proceeds via a transition state in which the borane ligand interacts with metal with a bidentate fashion. Calculated values of the activation energy were in good agreement with experimentally observed barriers.
Materials Compatibility with Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3)
Authors: Newton BE , Chiffoleau GJA 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) is a widely used electronic specialty gas and is considered about 1.5 times more oxidizing than gaseous oxygen. A recent test program was sponsored by seven companies that are heavily involved in the worldwide industrial distribution and use of NF3 to develop several test systems and materials compatibility data for the most common metals and nonmetals utilized in NF3 transfer systems. This paper presents the data developed by the industry steering group on the compatibility of 12 metallic materials and 15 nonmetallic materials with NF3. The flammability of metallic materials were evaluated by their promoted combustion threshold pressure and the nonmetallic materials were evaluated by their autogenous ignition temperature (AIT) and NF3-index for sustained combustion.
Sports Activity after Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Yamagishi T , Suzuki H , Shizuka M , Kikuchi T 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
In this study, patients who played sports after undergoing a total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were functionally analyzed and their degree of satisfaction was surveyed. The study group consisted of seven men and four women (out of a group of 89 total knee arthroplasties). They were evaluated by the Tegner [1] activity score and the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score [2]. The mean age of the patients was 68 years (range: 47 to 76) at surgery and the mean follow-up period was 26.4 months (range: 11 to 60). Wright Advantim uncemented knee prostheses with a stem and posterior stabilizer or Wright Advance uncemented knee systems (Wright Medical, USA) were used. All operations were performed using a medial subvastus approach by the senior author (TY). The mean preoperative JOA score was 67.3 and it improved to 87.3 at follow-up. The mean Tegner score improved from 1.5 to 4 points after the operation in those patients who returned to sports. At follow-up, none of the patients demonstrated polyethylene wear, showed signs of loosening or required revision surgery. Once strength, mobility, and coordination recovered, patients were successfully allowed to return to low-impact activity such as downhill skiing, jogging, hiking, and mountaineering. It is too early to determine the effect of these increased activities on polyethylene wear and loosening.
The First Report on Fin Rot Disease of Cultured Turbot Scophthalmus maximus in China
Authors: Lei Qin , Yin-Geng Wang , Zheng Zhang , Shao-Li Yang 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
Since 1998, the culture of turbot Scophthalmus maximus has spread rapidly along the coast of North China, becoming an important industry. However, fin rot disease was identified during an epidemiological study from 2001 to 2004. The infections occurred with high mortality, up to 90–100% in some cases. Young fish are sensitive to the infection. An important clinical sign is fin rot. Bacterial isolation was done in four cases, including hatcheries and farms. One dominant strain of 0.2–0.4 × 1.5–2.0 μm was identified as Vibrio anguillarum by morphology, physiological and biochemical tests, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Virulence assays carried out with the isolated V. anguillarum resulted in the same gross signs as in naturally infected fish, indicating that V. anguillarum was the causative agent for fin rot disease. The 14-d dose lethal to 50% of the fish was calculated as 1.7 × 103 colony-forming units/mL. Histopathological studies demonstrated that V. anguillarum could cause severe tissue changes in most organs, such as the fin, skin, gills, kidney, spleen, liver, intestine, and brain. This is the first detailed report on fin rot disease of cultured turbot in China.
Juvenile Salmonid Use of Freshwater Emergent Wetlands in the Floodplain and Its Implications for Conservation Management
Authors: Henning Julie A. , Gresswell Robert E. , Fleming Ian A. 
Published: April 2006

Abstract
A recent trend of enhancing freshwater emergent wetlands for waterfowl and other wildlife has raised concern about the effects of such measures on juvenile salmonids. We undertook this study to quantify the degree and extent of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. utilization of enhanced and unenhanced emergent wetlands within the floodplain of the lower Chehalis River, Washington, and to determine the fate of the salmon using them. Enhanced emergent wetlands contained water control structures that provided an outlet for fish emigration and a longer hydroperiod for rearing than unenhanced wetlands. Age-0 and age-1 coho salmon O. kisutch were the most common salmonid at all sites, enhanced wetlands having significantly higher age-1 abundance than unenhanced wetlands that were a similar distance from the main-stem river. Yearling coho salmon benefited from rearing in two enhanced wetland habitats, where their specific growth rate and minimum estimates of survival (1.43%/d by weight and 30%; 1.37%/d and 57%) were comparable to those in other side-channel rearing studies. Dissolved oxygen concentrations decreased in emergent wetlands throughout the season and approached the limits lethal to juvenile salmon by May or June each year. Emigration patterns suggested that age-0 and age-1 coho salmon emigrated as habitat conditions declined. This observation was further supported by the results of an experimental release of coho salmon. Survival of fish utilizing emergent wetlands was dependent on movement to the river before water quality decreased or stranding occurred from wetland desiccation. Thus, our results suggest that enhancing freshwater wetlands via water control structures can benefit juvenile salmonids, at least in the short term, by providing conditions for greater growth, survival, and emigration.
The Relation of Largemouth Bass Virus to Largemouth Bass Population Metrics in Five Alabama Reservoirs
Authors: Maceina Michael J. , Grizzle John M. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBetween the early to mid‐1990s and 1998–2000, angler and electrofishing catch rates of memorable‐size (≥2.27‐kg or 51‐cm) largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides declined 3–20‐fold in five Alabama reservoirs. Largemouth bass virus (LMBV) has been implicated in widespread fish kills of this species, and we documented the prevalence of LMBV and attempted to quantify the impact of LMBV on growth, body condition, and size and age structure to account for the loss of memorable‐size fish in these five populations. Fish were collected primarily with electrofishing between 2000 and 2002, and two methods were used to detect LMBV from Lakes Wheeler, Demopolis, Eufaula, Guntersville, and Weiss. Among these five reservoirs, LMBV infection was most common in fish that ranged from about 25 to 40 cm and in young to intermediate‐age fish (range = 1–2 to 6 years). The virus was rare in fish under 100 mm (age 0) and over 500 mm (≥age 7). Fish infected with LMBV generally had lower relative weight and grew more slowly after age 3 than uninfected fish. The prevalence of LMBV was not as great in older and larger fish, possibly because these fish died prior to our collection. The decline in memorable‐size fish in these five reservoirs in the late 1990s to 2000 was due to slower growth, poorer body condition, and increased mortality of older fish and was circumstantially linked to LMBV. However, the prevalence of LMBV in the Lake Eufaula population was nil after 2001, whereas a fish kill was associated with LMBV in 1997. None of 349 fish we assayed from Lake Eufaula in 2002 were infected with LMBV, growth rates improved, and memorable‐size fish were more common in electrofishing samples and angler catches in 2003. Although we could not definitively demonstrate that LMBV caused the loss of memorable‐size largemouth bass in Alabama reservoirs, the virus appeared to be linked to this phenomenon.
Ketoprofen nanoparticle gels formed by evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution
Authors: Chen Xiaoxia , Lo Connie Yueh‐Lin , Sarkari Marazban , Williams Robert O. , Johnston Keith P. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractAqueous nanoparticle gels of a poorly‐water soluble drug, ketoprofen, were produced by evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution (EPAS). Liquid droplets of surfactant stabilized ketoprofen containing residual solvent were dispersed in water from 60 to 90°C below the melting point of pure ketoprofen. The carboxylic acid group in ketoprofen dissociates in pure water, providing electrostatic stabilization of the droplets to complement steric stabilization. Stable amorphous ketoprofen particles with a mean size of 135 nm, measured by dynamic light scattering, were formed with only 0.1% w/v poloxamer 407, resulting in an exceptionally high drug‐to‐surfactant ratio of 10:1. For 5% w/v poloxamer 407, interactions with ketoprofen produced a bluish, transparent gel composed of ∼50 nm particles. In 2 min, 98% of the ketoprofen in the gel nanoparticles dissolved. The favorable interactions between the ketoprofen and poloxamer 407, along with the electrostatic and steric stabilization, lead to gelation, which further stabilizes the unusually small particles. The rapidly dissolving wet gels with extremely small particle sizes, one month stability, and relatively low viscosities, are of interest in transdermal and parenteral delivery; furthermore, the gels may be dried for oral delivery. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Studies on production of polypropylene filaments with increased temperature stability
Authors: Mukhopadhyay S. , Deopura B. L. , Alagirusamy R. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractHigh Modulus high tenacity polypropylene filaments have been prepared by drawing them on a heater with a gradient of temperature. The thermal properties have been analyzed, and the effects of nature of the gradient and end temperatures on thermal properties of the filament have been investigated for such filaments. Low shrinkage values even at 150°C, high retention of storage modulus in dynamic mechanical analyses and very low change in length in thermomechanical analyses have been the characteristic of the gradient drawn filaments. The filaments have high crystallinity, crystal perfection, and crystal orientation. In addition, the reported process has the advantage of being continuous in nature. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 838–842, 2006
Synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of natural rubber‐graft‐N‐(4‐aminodiphenyl methane) acrylamide as an antioxidant
Authors: El‐Wakil A. A. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractThe synthesis of N‐(4‐aminodiphenylmethane) acrylamide (ADPMA) was performed through the reaction of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl methane and acryloyl chloride in the presence of triethyl amine. The grafting of ADPMA onto natural rubber was executed with UV radiation. Benzoyl peroxide was used to initiate the free‐radical grafting copolymerization. Natural rubber‐graft‐N‐(4‐aminodiphenyl methane) acrylamide (NR‐g‐ADPMA) was characterized with an IR technique. We studied the effect of aging on the mechanical properties and the swelling and extraction phenomena for acrylonitrile–butadiene copolymer (NBR) vulcanizates, which contained the prepared NR‐g‐ADPMA and a commercial antioxidant, N‐isopropyl‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine. The prepared antioxidant enhanced both the mechanical properties of the NBR vulcanizates and the permanence of the ingredients in these vulcanizates. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 843–849, 2006
Electrosyntheses and characterization of poly(5‐bromoindole) in boron trifluoride diethyl etherate
Authors: Xu Jingkun , Hou Jian , Pu Shouzhi , Nie Guangming , Zhang Shusheng 
Published: April 2006

AbstractPoly(5‐bromoindole) (PBrI) films were synthesized electrochemically by direct oxidation of 5‐bromoindole in pure boron trifluoride diethyl etherate. The oxidation potential of 5‐bromoindole in this medium was measured to be only 0.97 V vs. saturated calomel electrode, which was lower than that determined in acetonitrile + 0.1 mol L−1 Bu4NBF4 (1.08 V). PBrI films obtained from this medium showed good electrochemical behavior and good thermal stability. Structural studies showed that the polymerization of 5‐bromoindole ring occurred at 2,3 position. As‐formed PBrI films were thoroughly soluble in strong polar solvent dimethylsulfoxide and partly soluble in tetrahydrofuran. Fluorescent spectral studies indicated that PBrI was a good blue‐light emitter. The excitation and emission spectra of PBrI showed a significant shift to longer wavelength compared with that of the monomer, consistent with the greater extent of electron delocalization. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 539–547, 2006
Breast cancer incidence in U.S. radiologic technologists
Authors: Doody Michele Morin , Freedman D. Michal , Alexander Bruce H. , Hauptmann Michael , Miller Jeremy S. , Rao R. Sowmya , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Ron Elaine , Sigurdson Alice J. , Linet Martha S. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractBACKGROUNDStudies of atomic bomb survivors and medically exposed populations have demonstrated an increased risk of breast cancer associated with acute or protracted, intermediate‐dose or high‐dose, ionizing radiation; however, the risks associated with low‐dose and low‐dose‐rate (protracted) exposures are less certain.METHODSThe authors evaluated incident breast cancer risks from 1983 to 1998 according to employment characteristics and a 4‐level proxy index for cumulative radiation exposure based on 2 mail surveys among 56,436 U.S. female radiologic technologists who were certified from 1925 to 1980, adjusting for established breast cancer risk factors.RESULTSDuring follow‐up, 1050 new breast cancer diagnoses were ascertained. Compared with radiologic technologists who began working in 1970 or later, adjusted breast cancer risks for those who first worked in the 1960s, 1950s, 1940s, from 1935 to 1939, and before 1935 were 1.0 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.8‐1.2), 1.2 (95% CI, 0.9‐1.6), 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7‐1.5), 1.8 (95% CI, 1.0‐3.2), and 2.9 (95% CI, 1.3‐6.2), respectively. The risk rose with the number of years worked before 1940 (P value for trend = .002) and was elevated significantly among those who began working before age 17 years (relative risk, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3‐5.1; 10 women) but was not related to the total years worked in the 1940s or later. Compared with technologists who had a Level 1 (minimal) proxy index for cumulative radiation exposure, breast cancer risks were 1.0 (95% CI, 0.9‐1.2), 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7‐1.3), and 1.5 (95% CI, 1.0‐2.2), respectively, for technologists who had Level 2, Level 3, and Level 4 (highest) exposure.CONCLUSIONSBreast cancer risk was elevated significantly in female radiologic technologists who experienced daily low‐dose radiation exposures over several years that potentially resulted in appreciable cumulative exposure. The increased risk for total years worked before 1940, but not later, was consistent with decreasing occupational radiation exposures, improvements in radiation technology, and more stringent radiation protection standards over time. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
General Synthesis of Two‐Dimensional Patterned Conducting Polymer‐Nanobowl Sheet via Chemical Polymerization
Authors: Chen Jingyu , Chao Danming , Lu Xiaofeng , Zhang Wanjin , Manohar Sanjeev. K. 
Published: April 2006

AbstractSummary: A general method for the generation of two‐dimensional (2D) ordered, large‐area, and liftable conducting polymer‐nanobowl sheet has been demonstrated via chemical polymerization for the first time. The sheet is made using the monolayer self‐assembled from polystyrene (PS) spheres at the aqueous/air interface as template, followed by depositing conducting polymer on the part of PS monolayer submerging in the aqueous phase via chemical polymerization, and core extraction. During the process of polymerization, no substrate is required, which caused the as‐prepared patterned conducting polymer sheet can be easily lifted‐off and deposited, in full size, on any flat substrate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum were used to characterize the products.Morphology of the polyaniline‐CSA nanobowl sheet.magnified imageMorphology of the polyaniline‐CSA nanobowl sheet.