bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Photoluminescence properties of ZnTeO and ZnSeO alloys with dilute O concentrations
Authors: Nabetani Y. , Okuno T. , Aoki K. , Kato T. , Matsumoto T. , Hirai T. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe photoluminescence properties of ZnTeO and ZnSeO with dilute O concentrations are studied. The exciton bound to isolated O and its phonon replicas are observed in ZnTeO. The peak energies are hardly affected by O concentration, indicating the isoelectronic feature of O. On the other hand, the free exciton peak is shifted to lower energy in ZnSeO by increasing O concentration, even when the O concentration is as low as 0.015%. No isoelectronic emissions are observed. We find the increase of binding energy of free exciton due to the increase of the effective mass of the conduction band edge. This can be interpreted as the modification of the band structure by the repulsive interaction between the O localized level and the conduction band of ZnSe with the scheme of band anticrossing model. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Determination of the ionic radii by means of the Kohn–Sham potential: Identification of the chemical potential
Authors: Barrera Mauricio , Zuloaga Fernando 
Published: March 2006

AbstractUnder the Kohn–Sham theory, we examine solutions for the equations δTS/δρ(r) = 0 and δTS/δρ(r) = νKS(r) that link the chemical potential of the electronic system with the effective Kohn–Sham potential through μ = νKS(r) + δTS/δρ. For single ions, we identify the chemical potential with the eigenvalue of the frontier orbital when the atom is in the limit of full ionization. For the case of cations, the chemical potential is found above −(I + A)/2 and has the property of grouping ions with the same chemical characteristics. For the anion instead, the chemical potential is fixed at the ionization energy. By solving the above equations numerically, two radial points called r− and r+ are obtained and compared with the Shannon–Prewitt ionic radius. Moreover, we found for the halide series, that r− is numerically equivalent to rm, the radii where the electrostatic potential has its minimum, but shows different behavior upon charge variation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2006
The use of an electronic process guide in a medium‐sized software development company
Authors: Moe Nils Brede , Dybå Tore 
Published: March 2006

AbstractFor process models to be useful, more and more software companies not only tailor their process models to the specific needs of the company, but also make them available on the company's intranet. In this article, we try to understand what characterizes the use of an electronic process guide (EPG) among developers in a medium‐sized software company. We describe the findings that emerged from a grounded theory study in which we interviewed 19 developers and project managers. We found that implementing an EPG is not a straightforward process, but that it depends on several organizational factors. Our findings suggest that the process guide should be anchored among the leaders, that users should be involved in creating and updating it and offered training and support during use, that efforts should be taken to keep the guide updated, that templates and checklists are seen as the most useful features, that integration with other tools make it more useful, and, finally, that it should be easy to tailor the process guide to different project types or activities. The insights gained from this study can be used as recommendations for other medium‐sized software companies when implementing electronic process guides. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A method to draw lessons from project postmortem databases
Authors: Schalken Joost , Brinkkemper Sjaak , van Vliet Hans 
Published: March 2006

AbstractPostmortem project reviews often yield useful lessons learned. These project reviews are mostly recorded in plain text. This makes it difficult to derive useful overall findings from a set of such postmortem reviews, e.g. to monitor and guide a software process improvement program. We have developed a five‐step method to transform the qualitative, natural language‐type information present in those reports into quantitative information. This quantitative information can be analyzed statistically and related to other types of quantitative project‐specific information. In this article, we discuss the method, and show the results of applying it in the setting of a large industrial software process improvement initiative. Through the application of the analysis method in the case study, improved questions for a new evaluation procedure were discovered. The analysis also showed that in this organization team cooperation and the architecture of the infrastructure had a major impact on project performance. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The structural design of tall and special buildings
Authors: Hart Gary C. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis paper presents some of the oral discussion by the author and others at the 2005 Annual Meeting of the Los Angeles Tall Buildings Structural Design Council. It also includes additional opinions added by the author after the annual meeting. These opinions address the development of a new building code for tall buildings and where the non‐structural engineering decision makers can and must make contributions. It also addresses the very important topic of quality control. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural engineers and the law
Authors: Naeim Farzad 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe objective of this paper is to familiarize the structural engineers practicing in the United States with the very basic concepts of liability and litigation process. The differences in the thinking processes of engineers and attorneys are explained. A few basic sources of liability for structural engineers are broadly discussed. Simple practices that may help reduce exposure to liability are explained. The litigation process is introduced and a number of techniques to be utilized during this process are explained. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A soybean growth model based on compensatory growth following defoliation
Authors: Kawamoto Hitoshi , Saito Takashi , Kiritani Keizi 
Published: March 2006

AbstractOn the basis of an artificial defoliation experiment, a new growth model of soybean was formulated through a modification of Rudd's (1980) model with regard to his equations for dry matter allocation. Compensatory growth for leaf damage was modelled by a single process in which the dry matter allocation changes dynamically according to the severity of leaf damage. The sums of squared differences between simulations and experimental soybean yields were much smaller in our modified model than in Rudd's original model. The modified model gave a better simulation of yield loss due to defoliation that varied in time and intensity. The relationship between various times and intensities of defoliation and yield loss was shown, which is essential for establishing the dynamic economic injury level in IPM.
Herbivory pattern and induced responses to simulated herbivory in Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata
Authors: Kudo Gaku 
Published: March 2006

AbstractSeasonal changes in leaf traits and the herbivory pattern of Quercus mongolica var. grosseserrata were studied, and simulated herbivory experiments were carried out in order to evaluate leaf trait responses. Leaves of Q. mongolica emerged simultaneously in spring and most were retained until autumn. Nitrogen concentration was highest when leaves first emerged and decreased rapidly with leaf age. Leaf mass per area (LMA) increased with leaf age. Herbivore attack was concentrated in the first 20 days after bud‐break, which corresponded to the high nutritional value of the leaves for herbivores at this time. Simulated herbivory experiments indicated that LMA increased with artificial leaf damage, suggesting an increase in leaf toughness, and that nitrogen concentration decreased later in the season in comparison with intact leaves. As a result, herbivore attack following artificial leaf damage decreased with increasing initial leaf damage. However, leaf longevity was not affected by initial leaf damage. These responses were considered to be a strategy to disperse herbivory damage among leaves.
Landform effects on fire behavior and post‐fire regeneration in the mixed forests of northern Japan
Authors: Takaoka Sadao , Sasa Kaichiro 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis study was conducted to clarify the characteristics of landform effects on fire behavior and post‐fire regeneration and to examine regional differences in the effects of fire within a mixed‐forest area with various topographic conditions in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Fire spread was controlled by topographic barriers such as ridges and valleys, although this was not clear in the areas with serpentinite. Fire frequency was higher on windward slopes of the prevailing wind, and the size of the burned area varied with the underlying geology, which controlled the areal extent of hillside slopes. In areas with terrace deposits, Wakkanai Formation or serpentinized rock, burned areas were large and included few unburned stands. The type of vegetation that grew following the fires varied with slope aspect and topographic position. Sasa grasslands often formed at wind‐exposed sites. The grasslands were well developed in the three areas with the previously mentioned geology, where large‐scale burning had occurred. Structure of the re‐established forest stands was also affected by landforms. Canopy height and the maximum diameter at breast height varied with slope aspect, topographic position and elevation, as well as with stand age. Tree size was found to decrease at wind‐exposed sites within high‐elevation zones.
Grazing effects of a gammaridean Amphipoda,Ampithoesp., on the seagrass,Syringodium isoetifolium, and epiphytes in a tropical seagrass bed of Fiji
Authors: Mukai Hiroshi , Iijima Akiko 
Published: March 2006

AbstractIn the pure stand of tropical seagrass,Syringodium isoetifolium, in a small oceanic island, Fiji, grazing effects of the seagrass‐associated gammarid,Ampithoesp., on seagrass and epiphytes were assessed in October 1989, November 1991, November 1992. Density of the gammarid was estimated with two methods, mesh bag method and tuft method. During the three years surveyed the density of the gammarid increased remarkably from 1989 to 1991, with heavy epiphytism. Gut contents of the gammarid were examined. Grazing rates on seagrass leaf with and without epiphytic blue‐green algae were measured in a bottle experiment. Litter bag experiments were conducted using different mesh sizes each containing seagrass only and seagrass and gammarids. The seagrass leaf biomass in the litter bag reduced abruptly in both bags. After one week, 78–86% of seagrass biomass disappeared from the bags. Enhancement of decomposition of seagrass leaf by the gammarid grazing was observed. Oxygen consumption and ammonium excretion rates were measured simultaneously in bottle experiments. Carbon budget in the seagrass bed was estimated as follows: 0.9 gC m−2day−1in seagrass growth, gammarid grazing was about a half of it and further assimilated a half of it, about 0.1 gC m−2day−1, and more than half of it become CO2by respiration. Grazing effects on epiphyte and seagrass growth and production were discussed through the carbon budget and indirect interactions between seagrass, epiphytes and associated gammarids to explain the temporal change of seagrass and epiphyte dynamics.
Fluctuation of body temperature and cuckoo brood parasitism
Authors: Ando Shigeru 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBody temperatures of 11 bird species, including cuckoos, were measured in an artificial meteorological room. Ratios of change in body temperature to that in air temperature were thereby obtained for each species. Cuckoos demonstrate a remarkably high value, indicating a particularly low ability to regulate body temperature. Viewed in this light, the cuckoo's parasitic behavior is very likely an adaptation to overcome a physiological disadvantage. This in turn might be expected to reinforce delay in evolution of temperature homeostasis.
Ecophysiological behavior of Artemisia ordosica on the process of sand dune fixation
Authors: Kobayashi Tatsuaki , Liao Ru‐Tang , Li Shu‐Qing 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThe population structure and water relations of Artemisia ordosica were studied at different stages of the sand dune fixation process. Vegetation coverage and biomass increased as the sand dune fixation process progressed. In contrast, individual growth rate decreased in the late fixation stage. On fixed sand dunes the modal age of A. ordosica plants was higher and seedlings or saplings were rearely observed. On active sand dunes, settlement of seedlings was regulated by sand mobility; that is, seedlings were observed only when sand mobility was below 10 cm per year. Leaf transpiration was highest in active sand dunes. Stand transpiration in fixed sand dunes was lower than in semi‐fixed sand dunes. These differences in transpiration were related to a decrease in soil water availability, which was affected by the increase in the aeolian fine soil component during the course of sand dune fixation. The reduction in soil water status and the cessation of sand movement were considered to be important factors in the decline of the Artemisia ordosica community.
Differential proliferative response of the ventral prostate and seminal vesicle to testosterone replacement
Authors: Justulin Luis A. , Ureshino Rodrigo P. , Zanoni Michelle , Felisbino Sergio L. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have investigated epithelial cell proliferation and the rate of glandular recovery of the ventral prostate (VP) and seminal vesicle (SV) promoted by testosterone replacement (TR) in castration‐induced regressed glands. Adult male Wistar rats were castrated and, after 21 days, they were treated with testosterone propionate (4 mg/kg/day). Intact (CT) and castrated rats without TR (CS) were also analysed. VP and SV were processed for histochemistry, morphometric—stereological analysis and immunocytochemistry to determine the PCNA index (PI). After 10 days of TR, the VP weight reached ∼72% of the CT values, while the SV weight exceeded ∼17% of the CT values. By the third day of TR, VP and SV presented a mean PI of 34% and 94% for distal region and 14% and 22% for proximal region, respectively. SV also had more luminal cells PCNA‐positive than VP, mainly in the distal region. The PI values fell on days 5, 7 and 10, but were still higher than CT. These findings indicate that epithelial cells from involuted SV are more responsive to TR than those from VP when stimulated to proliferate and replace the luminal cell population, suggesting a different mechanism regulating cell proliferation in response to androgenic stimuli.
Changes in vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1) expression following lingual nerve injury
Authors: Biggs James E. , Yates Julian M. , Loescher Alison R. , Clayton Nick M. , Boissonade Fiona M. , Robinson Peter P. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractWe have investigated a possible role for vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), a transducer of noxious stimuli, in the development of neuropathic pain following injury to a peripheral branch of the trigeminal nerve. In nine adult ferrets the left lingual nerve was sectioned and recovery permitted for 3 days, 3 weeks or 3 months (3 ferrets per group). A retrograde tracer, fluorogold, was injected into the damaged nerve to identify associated cell bodies in the trigeminal ganglion. Three further ferrets, receiving only tracer injection, served as uninjured controls. Indirect immunofluorescence for TRPV1 and image analysis was used to quantify the percentage area of staining (PAS) of TRPV1 in the left and right lingual nerves. Additionally, the proportion of fluorogold positive and fluorogold negative cells expressing TRPV1 in the ganglion was determined. TRPV1 expression increased significantly at the injury site of damaged nerves 3 days after injury and this was matched by a reduction in the proportion of fluorogold positive cells expressing TRPV1 in the ganglion. At 3 weeks TRPV1 expression at the injury site was still high, while in the ganglion was significantly greater than in the controls. In the 3‐month recovery group TRPV1 expression in both nerve fibres and ganglion cells, was not significantly different from controls and there were no changes in expression in the fluorogold negative cells in the ganglion at any time point studied. These data suggest that after injury there is an increase in the axonal transport of TRPV1 from the cell bodies to the damaged axons and this is followed by an increase in synthesis in the ganglion. These changes in expression may be involved in development of sensory disturbances or dysaesthesia after injury.
The effects of the steroid androstadienone and pleasant odorants on the mood and pain perception of men and women
Authors: Villemure Chantal , Bushnell M. Catherine 
Published: March 2006

AbstractBackground and purpose. We previously found that for both men and women odors influence mood, which in turn influences pain unpleasantness perception. Others showed that the steroid androstadienone modulates mood differently in men and women, improving mood in women and worsening it or leaving it unchanged in men. Based on its dissociable effect on mood, we hypothesized that women exposed to androstadienone would report lower pain unpleasantness than when exposed to the vehicle, while men would show no change or the reverse pattern. Because of the expected beneficial effect of pleasant odors on mood in both men and women, all subjects should report lower pain unpleasantness when exposed to the pleasant odor compared to the unscented air.Methods. In one session subjects were exposed to: (1) androstadienone diluted in a vehicle while breathing unscented air and (2) androstadienone in vehicle while breathing a pleasant odorant. In another session they were exposed to: (1) vehicle and unscented air and (2) vehicle and a pleasant odorant. Phasic contact heat was used to induce pain.Results and conclusions. Planned comparisons confirmed that, in the absence of pain, androstadienone improved mood only in women, while the pleasant odorants improved mood for all subjects. However, these positive mood changes did not persist with the introduction of pain. Consistent with the absence of positive mood changes, pain unpleasantness was not modulated. Unexpectedly, the presence of androstadienone increased perceived pain intensity especially in women, suggesting an effect of androstadienone on pain perception, independent of mood changes. Heightened attentional state may be responsible.
Pain‐related fear in low back pain: A prospective study in the general population
Authors: Leeuw Maaike , Houben Ruud M.A. , Severeijns Rudy , Picavet H. Susan J. , Schouten Erik G.W. , Vlaeyen Johan W.S. 
Published: March 2006

AbstractA cognitive behavioural account of chronic low back pain (CLBP) proposes that the relationship between pain catastrophizing and functional disability is mediated by fear of movement/(re)injury. Several clinical studies already demonstrated the contribution of pain catastrophizing and fear of movement/(re)injury in the development and maintenance of CLBP. This study included people with low back pain (LBP) in the general population, and aimed to investigate whether fear of movement/(re)injury mediated the relationship between pain catastrophizing and functional disability, by examining several prerequisites for mediation. Data from the Dutch population‐based Musculoskeletal Complaints and Consequences Cohort (DMC3) study were used, including 152 people suffering from LBP who completed both a follow‐up questionnaire and a baseline questionnaire 6 months previously. This study was unable to demonstrate that the relationship between pain catastrophizing and functional disability was mediated by fear of movement/(re)injury, since the prerequisite that pain catastrophizing and functional disability were related, was not fulfilled. However, pain catastrophizing was significantly related to fear of movement/(re)injury 6 months later, above and beyond other contributing variables such as fear of movement/(re)injury already present at baseline. On its turn, fear of movement/(re)injury was related to functional disability, in addition to pain intensity. Although this study leaves some indistinctness concerning the actual relationships between pain catastrophizing, fear of movement/(re)injury, and functional disability, it does provide some evidence for the contributing role of these factors in LBP in the general population.
Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) and vasopressin type 2 receptor (V2R) endocytosis in kidney epithelial cells: AQP2 is located in ‘endocytosis‐resistant’ membrane domains after vasopressin treatment
Authors: Bouley Richard , Hawthorn Gayle , Russo Leileata M. , Lin Herbert Y. , Ausiello Dennis A. , Brown Dennis 
Published: March 2006

Background information. Aquaporin 2 (AQP2) plays an important, VP (vasopressin)‐regulated role in water reabsorption by the kidney. The amount of AQP2 expressed at the surface of principal cells results from an equilibrium between the AQP2 in intracellular vesicles and the AQP2 on the plasma membrane. VP shifts the equilibrium in favour of the plasma membrane and this allows osmotic equilibration to occur between the collecting duct lumen and the interstitial space. Membrane accumulation of AQP2 could result from a VP‐induced increase in exocytosis, a decrease in endocytosis, or both. In the present study, we further investigated AQP2 accumulation at the cell surface, and compared it with V2R (VP type 2 receptor) trafficking using cells that express epitope‐tagged AQP2 and V2R.Results. Endocytosis of V2R and of AQP2 are independent events that can be separated temporally and spatially. The burst of endocytosis seen after VP addition to target cells, when AQP2 accumulates at the cell surface, is primarily due to internalization of the V2R. Increased endocytosis is not induced by forskolin, which also induces membrane accumulation of AQP2 by direct stimulation of adenylate cyclase. This indicates that cAMP elevation is not the primary cause of the initial, VP‐induced endocytic process. After VP exposure, AQP2 is not located in endosomes with internalized V2R. Instead, it remains at the cell surface in ‘endocytosis‐resistant’ membrane domains, visualized by confocal imaging. After VP washout, AQP2 is progressively internalized with the fluid‐phase marker FITC—dextran, indicating that VP washout releases an endocytotic block that maintains AQP2 at the cell surface. Finally, polarized application of VP to filter‐grown cells shows that apical VP can induce basolateral endocytosis and V2R down‐regulation, and vice versa.Conclusions. After VP stimulation of renal epithelial cells, AQP2 accumulates at the cell surface, while the V2R is actively internalized. This endocytotic block may involve a reduced capacity of phosphorylated AQP2 to interact with components of the endocytotic machinery. In addition, a complex cross‐talk exists between the apical and basolateral plasma‐membrane domains with respect to endocytosis and V2R down‐regulation. This may be of physiological significance in down‐regulating the VP response in the kidney in vivo.
Qualitative research: does it fit in economics?1
Authors: Piore Michael J 
Published: March 2006

AbstractThis article discusses the role that case studies, built upon open‐ended interviews with economic actors, can play in economic research. It argues that such material cannot be treated directly as empirical evidence. Rather it provides a way of building theory, by offering a critical perspective on the standard theoretical assumptions of the discipline and offering alternatives with which to construct theoretical models. It illustrates several alternative ways in which this can be done, drawing on examples from my own research.