bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Immediately Restored, Single‐Tapered Implants in the Anterior Maxilla: Prosthodontic and Aesthetic Outcomes After 1 Year
Authors: Hall James A. G. , Payne Alan G. T. , Purton David G. , Torr Brendan , Duncan Warwick J. , De Silva Rohana Kumara 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Conventional implant protocols advocate a two‐stage technique with a load‐free, submerged healing period. Recent studies suggest that immediate restoration of single implants may be a viable treatment option.Purpose:  The purpose of this study was to evaluate prosthodontic and aesthetic peri‐implant mucosal outcomes of immediately restored, Southern single‐tapered implants in the anterior maxilla after 1 year.Materials and Methods:  Participants (mean age: 43.25 years; range: 23–71 years) satisfying specified inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to conventional two‐stage restoration (control group; n=14) and immediate restoration groups (test group; n =14) in a randomized controlled clinical trial. Tapered, roughened‐surface Southern implants were placed using a standardized technique, and implant level bone impressions were made. Provisional screw‐retained crowns, out of occlusion, were placed at second‐stage surgery after 26 weeks for the conventional restoration group, and within 4 hours of implant placement for the immediate restoration group. Both groups had definitive screw‐retained metal‐ceramic crowns placed in occlusion 8 weeks later. Peri‐implant mucosal response and papilla index were recorded 4 weeks after definitive crown placement to allow for mucosal maturation and at 1 year. Prosthodontic and aesthetic outcomes were assessed using established criteria.Results:  There were no significant differences within, or between, the control and test groups for age, gender, bone quality or quantity, implant stability measurements at surgery, or implant length. There were no significant differences in the implant success rate as determined by radiographic bone loss and stability tests after 1 year. There were no significant differences in prosthodontic maintenance, peri‐implant mucosal response, and papilla index between the two groups over 1 year.Conclusions:  Tapered, roughened‐surface implants immediately restored with single provisional crowns at surgery and definitive crowns 8 weeks later were as prosthodontically and aesthetically successful as conventionally restored two‐stage implants during the first year of service. Restoring single implants immediately with screw‐retained crowns is an efficient procedure, but the short‐term outcome is by no means superior to a conventional two‐stage approach.
Influence of Transducer Orientation on OsstellTM Stability Measurements of Osseointegrated Implants
Authors: Veltri Mario , Balleri Piero , Ferrari Marco 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTBackground:  Resonance frequency (RF) analysis is frequently used to monitor implant stability in patients. The influence of transducer orientation on RF of implants placed in jawbone has not been evaluated.Purpose:  The aim of this study was to evaluate to what extent transducer orientation influences RF. The second aim was to evaluate if measurements taken with any particular orientation would best relate to marginal bone levels.Materials and Methods:  Nine patients edentulous in the upper jaw received 55 implants 3 years before this study. They underwent clinical and radiographic evaluation. Using OsstellTM (Integration Diagnostics AB, Göteborg, Sweden), four RF measurements were made for each implant. Measurements were obtained with the transducer cantilever placed buccally (B), distally (D), palatally (P), and mesially (M).Results:  All implants were clinically stable. Significant differences resulted between the measurements perpendicular to the bony crest (B, P) and the parallel ones (M, D). A tendency of negative correlation was found between marginal bone levels and implant stability quotient (ISQ) measurements; however, this correlation was not statistically significant.Conclusions:  In conclusion, when measuring the RF of dental implants using the Osstell, it has to be taken into account that the transducer orientation influences the measurement. It seems therefore advisable to standardize the orientation. Moreover, although there was a tendency, any statistical significant correlation between ISQ values and marginal bone levels could not be established.
Cloning and sequencing of ovine Flt3 ligand
Authors: Chan S. S. M. , Lyons N. , McConnell I. , Blacklaws B. A. 
Published: February 2007

SummaryA cDNA (879 bp) containing the complete open reading frame of ovine Fms‐related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Flt3‐L) was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR), cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequence has 97.6% similarity with bovine Flt3‐L isoform 1 and shares the long cytoplasmic domain observed in bovine Flt3‐L but not in human Flt3‐L.
THE TEXTURE TESTER, PRINCIPLES AND SELECTED APPLICATIONS*
Authors: SZCZESNIAK ALINA S. , EINSTEIN MAJORIE , E RICHARD E. PABST R. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTAn automatic, self‐cleaning, recording instrument for testing textural properties of bite‐size food pieces is described. The unit can be fitted with several types of test cells; results obtained with the shear cell are reported. Forces to break, compress, shear and push the food through the blades were identified from the recorded force‐displacement curves. Typical curves for a variety of foods are given and applications of the unit to testing cold cereals, peas, fruit pieces etc. are described. The instrument lends itself well to generating data for construction of force distribution patterns which may describe geometrically small foods better than the average force reading.
Molecular Epidemiology of Astrovirus Infection in Infants in Wuhan, China
Authors: Liu Man-Qing , Yang Bei-Fang , Peng Jin-Song , Zhou Dun-Jin , Tang Li , Wang Bin , Liu Yu , Sun Shi-Hong , Ho Wen-Zhe 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT
We report the molecular epidemiology of astrovirus infection in 335 infants with diarrhea in Wuhan City, China. Astrovirus RNA was detected in the stool specimens of 33 children (9.87%). Genotyping analysis indicated that 23 out of 24 astroviruses identified were classified as belonging to genotype 1, with highest identity (>98%) to a Mongolian strain.
Worldwide Occurrence of Feline Hemoplasma Infections in Wild Felid Species
Authors: Willi Barbara , Filoni Claudia , Catão-Dias José L. , Cattori Valentino , Meli Marina L. , Vargas Astrid , Martínez Fernando , Roelke Melody E. , Ryser-Degiorgis Marie-Pierre , Leutenegger Christian M. , Lutz Hans , Hofmann-Lehmann Regina 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTWhile hemoplasma infections in domestic cats are well studied, almost no information is available on their occurrence in wild felids. The aims of the present study were to investigate wild felid species as possible reservoirs of feline hemoplasmas and the molecular characterization of the hemoplasma isolates. Blood samples from the following 257 wild felids were analyzed: 35 Iberian lynxes from Spain, 36 Eurasian lynxes from Switzerland, 31 European wildcats from France, 45 lions from Tanzania, and 110 Brazilian wild felids, including 12 wild felid species kept in zoos and one free-ranging ocelot. Using real-time PCR, feline hemoplasmas were detected in samples of the following species: Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx, European wildcat, lion, puma, oncilla, Geoffroy's cat, margay, and ocelot. “CandidatusMycoplasma haemominutum” was the most common feline hemoplasma in Iberian lynxes, Eurasian lynxes, Serengeti lions, and Brazilian wild felids, whereas “CandidatusMycoplasma turicensis” was the most prevalent in European wildcats; hemoplasma coinfections were frequently observed. Hemoplasma infection was associated with species and free-ranging status of the felids in all animals and with feline leukemia virus provirus-positive status in European wildcats. Phylogenetic analyses of the 16S rRNA and the partial RNase P gene revealed that most hemoplasma isolates exhibit high sequence identities to domestic cat-derived isolates, although some isolates form different subclusters within the phylogenetic tree. In conclusion, 9 out of 15 wild felid species from three different continents were found to be infected with feline hemoplasmas. The effect of feline hemoplasma infections on wild felid populations needs to be further investigated.
Distribution Study ofChlamydia trachomatisSerovars among High-Risk Women in China Performed Using PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Genotyping
Authors: Gao Xing , Chen Xiang-Sheng , Yin Yue-Ping , Zhong Ming-Ying , Shi Mei-Qin , Wei Wan-Hui , Chen Qiang , Peeling Rosanna W. , Mabey David 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThis was one of the first epidemiological studies in China focused on genitalChlamydia trachomatisserotype distribution in high-risk female populations usingomp1gene-based restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. One thousand seven hundred seventy cervical swab samples from women attending sexually transmitted disease clinics and female sex workers in six cities in China (Shenzhen and Guangzhou in southern China, Nanjing and Shanghai in eastern China, and Nanning and Chengdu in southwestern China) were subjected to serovar genotyping. The proportion ofomp1genes successfully amplified in 240C. trachomatisplasmid-positive samples was 94.2% (226/240). Serotypes E (n= 63; 27.9%), F (n= 53; 23.5%), G (n= 28; 12.4%), and D (n= 25; 11.1%) were most prevalent. Though there was no significant difference in the geographic distribution ofC. trachomatis, serotype E was predominant in the South (32.1%) and East (27.1%), while serotype F was predominant in the Southwest (28.3%). Serotype F infection was associated with young age and single status. Serovar G was associated with lower abdominal pain; 47.5% of asymptomatic patients were infected with serovar E. These results provide information on distribution of genitalC. trachomatisserotypes among high-risk women in China and indicate that high-risk women, including those who are asymptomatic, can be infected with multiple serovars ofC. trachomatis, revealing exposure to multiple sources of infection. Although the scope for generalizations is limited by our small sample size, our results showing clinical correlations with genotypes are informative.
Analysis of Hepatitis C Virus Superinfection Exclusion by Using Novel Fluorochrome Gene-Tagged Viral Genomes
Authors: Schaller Torsten , Appel Nicole , Koutsoudakis George , Kallis Stephanie , Lohmann Volker , Pietschmann Thomas , Bartenschlager Ralf 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTStudies of the complete hepatitis C virus (HCV) life cycle have become possible with the development of an infectious cell culture system using the genotype 2a isolate JFH-1. Taking advantage of this system in the present study, we investigated whether HCV infection leads to superinfection exclusion, a state in which HCV-infected cells are resistant to secondary HCV infection. To discriminate between viral genomes, we inserted genes encoding fluorescent proteins in frame into the 3′-terminal NS5A coding region. These genomes replicated to wild-type levels and supported the production of infectious virus particles. Upon simultaneous infection of Huh-7 cells, coreplication of both viral genomes in the same cell was detected. However, when infections were performed sequentially, secondary infection was severely impaired. This superinfection exclusion was neither due to a reduction of cell surface expression of CD81 and scavenger receptor BI, two molecules implicated in HCV entry, nor due to a functional block at the level of virus entry. Instead, superinfection exclusion was mediated primarily by interference at the level of HCV RNA translation and, presumably, also replication. In summary, our results describe the construction and characterization of viable monocistronic HCV reporter genomes allowing detection of viral replication in infected living cells. By using these genomes, we found that HCV induces superinfection exclusion, which is primarily due to interference at a postentry step.
Polybasic KKR Motif in the Cytoplasmic Tail of Nipah Virus Fusion Protein Modulates Membrane Fusion by Inside-Out Signaling
Authors: Aguilar Hector C. , Matreyek Kenneth A. , Choi Daniel Y. , Filone Claire Marie , Young Sophia , Lee Benhur 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTThe cytoplasmic tails of the envelope proteins from multiple viruses are known to contain determinants that affect their fusogenic capacities. Here we report that specific residues in the cytoplasmic tail of the Nipah virus fusion protein (NiV-F) modulate its fusogenic activity. Truncation of the cytoplasmic tail of NiV-F greatly inhibited cell-cell fusion. Deletion and alanine scan analysis identified a tribasic KKR motif in the membrane-adjacent region as important for modulating cell-cell fusion. The K1A mutation increased fusion 5.5-fold, while the K2A and R3A mutations decreased fusion 3- to 5-fold. These results were corroborated in a reverse-pseudotyped viral entry assay, where receptor-pseudotyped reporter virus was used to infect cells expressing wild-type or mutant NiV envelope glycoproteins. Differential monoclonal antibody binding data indicated that hyper- or hypofusogenic mutations in the KKR motif affected the ectodomain conformation of NiV-F, which in turn resulted in faster or slower six-helix bundle formation, respectively. However, we also present evidence that the hypofusogenic phenotypes of the K2A and R3A mutants were effected via distinct mechanisms. Interestingly, the K2A mutant was also markedly excluded from lipid rafts, where ∼20% of wild-type F and the other mutants can be found. Finally, we found a strong negative correlation between the relative fusogenic capacities of these cytoplasmic-tail mutants and the avidities of NiV-F and NiV-G interactions (P= 0.007,r2= 0.82). In toto, our data suggest that inside-out signaling by specific residues in the cytoplasmic tail of NiV-F can modulate its fusogenicity by multiple distinct mechanisms.
Nodavirus RNA Replication Protein A Induces Membrane Association of Genomic RNA
Authors: Van Wynsberghe Priscilla M. , Chen Hau-Ren , Ahlquist Paul 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT

Positive-strand RNA virus genome replication occurs in membrane-associated RNA replication complexes, whose assembly remains poorly understood. Here we show that prior to RNA replication, the multifunctional, transmembrane RNA replication protein A of the nodavirus flock house virus (FHV) recruits FHV genomic RNA1 to a membrane-associated state in both
Drosophila melanogaster
and
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
cells. Protein A has mitochondrial membrane-targeting, self-interaction, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), and RNA capping domains. In the absence of RdRp activity due to an active site mutation (A
D692E
), protein A stimulated RNA1 accumulation by increasing RNA1 stability. Protein A
D692E
stimulated RNA1 accumulation in wild-type cells and in
xrn1
−
yeast defective in decapped RNA decay, showing that increased RNA1 stability was not due to protein A-mediated RNA1 recapping. Increased RNA1 stability was closely linked with protein A-induced membrane association of the stabilized RNA and was highly selective for RNA1. Substantial N- and C-proximal regions of protein A were dispensable for these activities. However, increased RNA1 accumulation was eliminated by deleting protein A amino acids (aa) 1 to 370 but was restored completely by adding back the transmembrane domain (aa 1 to 35) and partially by adding back peripheral membrane association sequences in aa 36 to 370. Moreover, although RNA polymerase activity was not required, even small deletions in or around the RdRp domain abolished increased RNA1 accumulation. These and other results show that prior to negative-strand RNA synthesis, multiple domains of mitochondrially targeted protein A cooperate to selectively recruit FHV genomic RNA to membranes where RNA replication complexes form.
Epstein-Barr Virus Transcription Activator Rta Upregulates Decoy Receptor 3 Expression by Binding to Its Promoter
Authors: Ho Cheng-Hsun , Hsu Chen-Fang , Fong Pei-Fen , Tai Shyh-Kuan , Hsieh Shie-Liang , Chen Chi-Ju 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACTDecoy receptor 3 (DcR3) is a soluble decoy receptor belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily that is overexpressed in various malignant tumor types. DcR3 has been implicated in tumor cell survival by inhibiting apoptosis and by interfering with immune surveillance. A previous study showed that DcR3 expression is associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive lymphomas but rarely with non-EBV-positive B-cell lymphomas, suggesting that the presence of EBV may affect DcR3 expression. Here, we demonstrated enhanced DcR3 expression upon EBV reactivation in P3HR1 cells and in EBV-infected 293 cells. This enhancement, however, could not be detected in 293 cells infected with EBV with BRLF1 deleted. We found that EBV transactivator, Rta, could upregulate DcR3 expression by direct binding to an Rta-responsive element (RRE) located in the DcR3 promoter region and that this RRE is important for Rta-mediated DcR3 expression. Overexpressing CREB-binding protein (CBP) further enhanced Rta-dependent DcR3 expression, suggesting Rta-dependent DcR3 transcription activity is mediated by CBP. Previously, Rta was shown to enhance phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3-K) activity. However, Rta-transduced PI 3-K activity plays a minor role in DcR3 expression. This is the first report to demonstrate that Rta upregulates a cellular gene by direct binding to an RRE.
Rotavirus NSP1 Inhibits Expression of Type I Interferon by Antagonizing the Function of Interferon Regulatory Factors IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7
Authors: Barro Mario , Patton John T. 
Published: February 2007

ABSTRACT
Secretion of interferon (IFN) by virus-infected cells is essential for activating autocrine and paracrine pathways that promote cellular transition to an antiviral state. In most mammalian cells, IFN production is initiated by the activation of constitutively expressed IFN regulatory factor 3, IRF3, which in turn leads to the induction of IRF7, the “master regulator” of IFN type I synthesis (alpha/beta IFN). Previous studies established that rotavirus NSP1 antagonizes IFN signaling by inducing IRF3 degradation. In the present study, we have determined that, in comparison to wild-type rotaviruses, rotaviruses encoding defective NSP1 grow to lower titers in some cell lines and that this poor growth phenotype is due to their failure to suppress IFN expression. Furthermore, we provide evidence that rotaviruses encoding wild-type NSP1 subvert IFN signaling by inducing the degradation of not only IRF3, but also IRF7, with both events occurring through proteasome-dependent processes that proceed with similar efficiencies. The capacity of NSP1 to induce IRF7 degradation may allow rotavirus to move across the gut barrier by enabling the virus to replicate in specialized trafficking cells (dendritic cells and macrophages) that constitutively express IRF7. Along with IRF3 and IRF7, NSP1 was found to induce the degradation of IRF5, a factor that upregulates IFN expression and that is involved in triggering apoptosis during viral infection. Our analysis suggests that NSP1 mediates the degradation of IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7 by recognizing a common element of IRF proteins, thereby allowing NSP1 to act as a broad-spectrum antagonist of IRF function.
Self-reported health problems and sickness absence in different age groups predominantly engaged in physical work
Authors: Taimela Simo , Lr Esa , Malmivaara Antti , Tiekso Jaakko , Sintonen Harri , Justn Selina , Aro Timo 
Published: February 2007

Objectives:To study the associations between self-reported health problems and sickness absence from work.Methods:The results of a questionnaire survey were combined with archival data of sickness absence of 1341 employees 88 males; 62 blue-collar in the construction, service and maintenance work within one corporation in Finland. Sex, age and occupational grading were controlled as confounders. A zero-inflated negative binomial ZINB regression model was used in the statistical analysis of sickness absence data.Results:The prevalence of self-reported health problems increased with age, from 23 in 1830-year-olds to 54 in 5561-year-olds. However, in those aged 1830 years, 71 had been absent from work and in those aged 5561 years this proportion was 53. When health problems and occupational grading were accounted for in the ZINB model, age as such was not associated with the number of days on sick leave, but the young workers still had higher propensity for any sickness absence than the old. Self-rated future working ability and musculoskeletal impairment were strong determinants of sickness absence. Among those susceptible to taking sick leave, the estimated mean number of absence days increased by 14 for each rise of 1 unit of the impairment score scale 010.Conclusions:Young subjects had surprisingly high probability for sickness absence although they reported better health than their older colleagues. A higher total count of absence days was found among subjects reporting health problems and poorer working ability, regardless of age, sex and occupational grade. These findings have implications for both management and the healthcare system in the prevention of work disability.
Comparison of clinical and electrodiagnostic features in B12 deficiency neurological syndromes with and without antiparietal cell antibodies
Authors: Misra U K , Kalita J 
Published: February 2007

Abstract

Background and aims
This study was undertaken to compare the clinical and electrodiagnostic (Edx) features in autoimmune and nutritional vitamin B12 deficiency neurological syndromes.

Methods
Consecutive patients with vitamin B12 deficiency neurological syndromes were evaluated and blood counts, red blood cell indices, serum chemistry, thyroid function, HIV serology, antiparietal cell antibody (APCA), serum B12, bone marrow and spinal MRI assessed. EDx studies included nerve conduction, tibial somatosensory (SEP) and motor evoked potential (MEP) to the tibialis anterior, and visual evoked potential (VEP). The results were compared between APCA positive and negative groups.

Results
57 patients aged 17–80 years (mean 45.3) were studied; 48 were vegetarians. The presenting clinical syndromes were myeloneuropathy in 25, myelopathy in 14, myeloneuroencephalopathy in 13, myeloencephalopathy in four and behavioural abnormality only in one patient. Spinal MRI in 47 patients revealed posterior spinal cord hyperintensity in 21 and cord atrophy in six. Nerve conduction was abnormal in 15%, MEP in 56.6%, SEP in 87.3% and VEP in 63.6% of patients. At 3 months, 31 patients had complete, 11 partial and three poor recovery. APCA was positive in 49% of patients. There was no difference in clinical, MRI or Edx findings or outcome between the APCA positive and negative groups.

Conclusion
APCA was positive in 49% of patients with B12 deficiency neurological syndrome but their clinical, MRI and Edx changes were not different from the APCA negative group. Neurological manifestations may be caused by B12 deficiency itself rather than the underlying cause.