bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Emergency medicine residency pathways for MD/PhD trainees: A national cross‐sectional study of physician‐scientist training programs
Authors: Cyndari Karen , White Libby , Mudd Philip A. , Vakkalanka J. Priyanka , Krispin Sydney , Wallace Kelli , Schagrin Megan , Mohr Nicholas 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundCombined clinical and research training is common in residency programs outside emergency medicine (EM), and these pathways are particularly valuable for combined MD/PhD graduates planning to pursue a career as a physician‐scientist. However, EM departments may not know what resources to provide these trainees during residency to create research‐focused, productive, future faculty, and trainees may not know which programs support their goal of becoming a physician‐scientist in EM. The objective of this study was to describe research training and resources available to MD/PhD graduates in EM residency training with a focus on dedicated research pathways.MethodsThis study was a cross‐sectional inventory conducted through an electronic survey of EM residency program directors. We sought to identify dedicated MD/PhD research training pathways, with a focus on both resources and training priorities. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize survey responses.ResultsWe collected 192 survey responses (69.6% response rate). Among respondents, 41 programs (21.4%) offered a research pathway/track, 52 (27.4%) offered a research fellowship, 22 (11.5%) offered both a residency research pathway/track and a research fellowship, and two (1.0%) offered a dedicated EM physician‐scientist training pathway. Most programs considered research a priority and were enthusiastic about interviewing applicants planning a research career, but recruitment of physician‐scientist applicants was not generally prioritized.ConclusionsSome EM residency programs offer combined clinical and mentored research training for prospective physician‐scientists, and nearly all residency programs considered research important. Future work will focus on improving the EM physician‐scientist pipeline by optimizing pathways available to trainees during residency and fellowship.
Effects of ammonia on the cellular, physiological, biochemical and genetic traits of Indian major carp (Labeo rohita) fry in artisanal Bangladeshi aquaculture
Authors: Zeehad Md. Shariar Kabir , Mridul Md. Monirul Islam , Chakrobortty Dipankar , Mahfuj Sarower , Aziz Dania , Hurwood David A. , Rahi Md. Lifat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe major carp Rohu (Labeo rohita) is a prime freshwater aquaculture species across the Indian subcontinent that faces various production‐related issues associated with water quality parameters. The present study examined the effects of three different doses of NH3 (T1 = 1 mg/L, T2 = 2 mg/L and T3 = 3 mg/L) on cellular (gill ultrastructure), physiological (growth and oxygen consumption rate), biochemical (blood cell counts, blood cortisol and glucose levels) and genetic (expression of five genes involved in growth, immunity and metabolism) traits of Rohu. The experimental ammonia dose significantly affected the tested biological parameters (p < 0.05), causing moderate‐to‐severe gill tissue damage. In general, compared with those in the control group, 16%–25% slower growth, 12%–30% lower survival and 15%–56% higher O2 consumption were observed for the treatment groups. Blood glucose and cortisol levels increased with increasing ammonia levels, but blood cell counts decreased. The five selected candidate genes showed a differential expression pattern in response to the ammonia dose, with higher expression in the control group and lower expression in the treatment groups. The results indicate that different concentrations of ammonia impose stress on different orders of magnitude in the experimental fishes. Therefore, it can be inferred that the presence of ammonia in aquatic/farming environments can adversely affect production performance; the severity of damage during production depends on the concentration of ammonia. Therefore, maintaining no or minimum ammonia levels in farming environments is urgently needed for sustainable aquaculture production of Rohu.
The effectiveness of psychiatric genetic counseling training: An analysis of 13 international workshops
Authors: Mack Tiera , Batallones Rolan , Morris Emily , Inglis Angela , Moldovan Ramona , McGhee Kevin , Zimmerman Kip D. , Austin Jehannine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractStudies have consistently shown that psychiatric genetic counseling (pGC) helps people with psychiatric conditions by increasing empowerment and self‐efficacy, and addressing emotions like guilt. Yet, it is not routinely provided. Genetic counselors and trainees express low confidence in their ability to provide meaningful pGC, especially in the absence of adequate training. Therefore, to address this gap a “Psychiatric Genetic Counseling for Genetic Counselors” (PG4GC) workshop was developed and delivered to 13 groups of participants (primarily qualified genetic counselors and trainees) between 2015 and 2023 (10 workshops were delivered in‐person, and three virtually). Participants completed quantitative questionnaires both before and after completing the workshop to assess their comfort, knowledge, behavior, and feeling of being equipped to provide pGC. In total, 232 individuals completed the pre‐workshop questionnaire and 154 completed the post‐workshop questionnaire. Participants felt more comfortable, knowledgeable, and equipped to provide pGC, and reported being more likely to address psychiatric concerns after the workshop, regardless of whether they were trainees or practicing professionals and whether they completed the workshop in‐person or virtually. This study suggests that the PG4GC workshop is an effective educational tool in pGC training that may aid in broader implementation of the service.
Key variants via the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project whole genome sequence data
Authors: Wang Yanbing , Sarnowski Chloé , Lin Honghuang , Pitsillides Achilleas N. , Heard‐Costa Nancy L. , Choi Seung Hoan , Wang Dongyu , Bis Joshua C. , Blue Elizabeth E. ,   the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI), Boerwinkle Eric , De Jager Philip L. , Fornage Myriam , Wijsman Ellen M. , Seshadri Sudha , Dupuis Josée , Peloso Gina M. , DeStefano Anita L. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP)
Published: March 2024

AbstractINTRODUCTIONGenome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have identified loci associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) but did not identify specific causal genes or variants within those loci. Analysis of whole genome sequence (WGS) data, which interrogates the entire genome and captures rare variations, may identify causal variants within GWAS loci.METHODSWe performed single common variant association analysis and rare variant aggregate analyses in the pooled population (N cases = 2184, N controls = 2383) and targeted analyses in subpopulations using WGS data from the Alzheimer's Disease Sequencing Project (ADSP). The analyses were restricted to variants within 100 kb of 83 previously identified GWAS lead variants.RESULTSSeventeen variants were significantly associated with AD within five genomic regions implicating the genes OARD1/NFYA/TREML1, JAZF1, FERMT2, and SLC24A4. KAT8 was implicated by both single variant and rare variant aggregate analyses.DISCUSSIONThis study demonstrates the utility of leveraging WGS to gain insights into AD loci identified via GWAS.
Boosting Electrocatalytic Ethylene Epoxidation by Single Atom Modulation
Authors: Wang Hanyu , Wang Shuo , Song Yanpeng , Zhao Yang , Li Zhenyu , Shen Yuxiang , Peng Zhangquan , Gao Dunfeng , Wang Guoxiong , Bao Xinhe 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe electrochemical synthesis of ethylene oxide (EO) using ethylene and water under ambient conditions presents a low‐carbon alternative to existing industrial production process. Yet, the electrocatalytic ethylene epoxidation route is currently hindered by largely insufficient activity, EO selectivity, and long‐term stability. Here we report a single atom Ru‐doped hollandite structure KIr4O8 (KIrRuO) nanowire catalyst for efficient EO production via a chloride‐mediated ethylene epoxidation process. The KIrRuO catalyst exhibits an EO partial current density up to 0.7 A cm−2 and an EO yield as high as 92.0 %. The impressive electrocatalytic performance towards ethylene epoxidation is ascribed to the modulation of electronic structures of adjacent Ir sites by single Ru atoms, which stabilizes the *CH2CH2OH intermediate and facilitates the formation of active Cl2 species during the generation of 2‐chloroethanol, the precursor of EO. This work provides a single atom modulation strategy for improving the reactivity of adjacent metal sites in heterogeneous electrocatalysts.
In Situ Observation of Solvent‐Mediated Cyclic Intermediates during the Alkene Epoxidation/Hydration over a Ti‐Beta/H2O2 System
Authors: Wang Chang , Chu Yueying , Lei Qifeng , Hu Min , Deng Feng , Xu Jun , Dai Weili 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSolvent effects in catalytic reactions have received widespread attention as they can promote reaction rates and product selectivities by orders of magnitude. It is well accepted that the stable five‐membered cyclic intermediates formed between the solvent molecules and Ti species are crucial to the alkene epoxidation in a heterogeneous Ti(IV)−H2O2 system. However, the direct spectroscopic evidence of these intermediates is still missing and the corresponding reaction pathway for the alkene epoxidation remains unclear. By combining in situ 13C MAS NMR, two‐dimensional (2D) 1H−13C heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) NMR spectroscopy and theoretical calculations, the five‐membered ring structures, where the protic solvents (ROH), and aprotic solvent (acetone), coordinate and stabilize the active Ti species, are identified for the first time over Ti‐Beta/H2O2 system. Moreover, the role of these cyclic intermediates in the alkene epoxidation/hydration conversion is clarified. These results provide new insights into the solvent effect in liquid‐phase epoxidation/hydration reactions over Ti(IV)−H2O2 system.
Effects of air inlet and outlet on thermal management of electric vehicle battery pack equipped with fins
Authors: Yu Jie , Zhang Yunsen , Qi Cong , Liang Lin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo solve the high heat dissipation problem of lithium ion battery, the air‐cooled heat dissipation with fins is adopted for the thermal management. Heat dissipation characteristics of two types of air inlets and outlets (single air inlet and outlet, and double air inlet and outlet) and two types of surfaces (smooth and fin structure) were simulated and compared. When the air inlet and outlet are single inlet and single outlet, compared with smooth battery packs, finned construction packs can increase the Nusselt number by 24.9%. When the air inlet and outlet are double inlet and double outlet, compared with smooth battery packs, finned construction packs can increase the Nusselt number by 13.3%. The double‐air inlet and outlet battery pack can significantly reduce the average temperature of the battery pack compared with the single‐air inlet and outlet battery pack. Compared with the single‐inlet and single‐outlet solar smooth battery pack, it can increase the Nu by 131.6%, and the comprehensive performance index can reach 1.66.
Volume exclusion effect and ambient temperature induced ultrahigh electromagnetic wave absorption properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/graphene nano‐platelets (GNPs) composites
Authors: Wang Sisi , Yang Wenjie , Li Xiping , Hu Zhonglue , Wang Bin , Gong Ningning 
Published: March 2024

AbstractConductive polymer composites (CPCs) have an excellent performance in dealing with electromagnetic (EM) radiation. The distribution of conductive fillers in CPCs plays a vital role in the electrical conductivity and EM wave‐absorbing properties. Moreover, the distribution evolution of GNPs in the PLA matrix caused by the enhanced volume exclusion effect via annealing was investigated. Polylactic acid with 8 wt.% graphene nano‐platelets (PG8) achieved best performance among the composites. After 5‐min heat treatment, the electrical conductivity and EM wave absorption properties of PLA/GNPs composites are significantly improved. With a simple treatment, the composite can reach an ultrahigh reflection loss (RL) value of −28.5 dB with a thickness of only 2.5 mm. By controlling the thickness in the range of 1–4 mm, the effective absorption bandwidth can be adjusted within 5.1–8.0 GHz. These methods provided in this work can effectively improve the EM wave absorption performance of CPCs and are worthy of being promoted.
Exploring the mechanical, rheological, and thermal performance of self‐reinforced composites based on polyamides and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes
Authors: Arnal Tomas , Eisenberg Patricia , Abad María J. , Ares‐Pernas Ana , Bernal Celina 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSelf‐reinforced composites (SRCs) based on different blends of PA6, PA12, and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as matrices and a PA6.6 plain woven fabric as reinforcement were prepared by the film stacking method. The morphology of the SRCs was analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopy, both on cryo‐fractured and included polished cross‐sections samples. Rheological measurements were performed to assess the materials microstructure and thermal stability. In addition, uniaxial tensile tests were carried out to determine mechanical properties such as stiffness, strength, strain at break, and tensile toughness. The assessment of failure mechanisms was performed through acoustic emission in situ during tensile tests. Furthermore, fracture tests were carried out to evaluate the impact of incorporating MWCNTs on SRCs failure and fracture behavior. The obtained results suggest a notable improvement in the mechanical properties of the SRCs compared with the matrices, that is, tensile strength increased by 132% for SRC‐0, 83% for SRC‐0.5, 54% for SRC‐2.5, and only by 13% for SRC‐8. This study indicates that these SRCs appear as promising materials for high performance applications, which also require multifunctional characteristics.
Characterizing the dynamical magnetosphere of the extremely slowly rotating magnetic O9.7 V star HD 54879 using rotational modulation of the Hα profile
Authors: Küker Manfred , Järvinen S. P. , Hubrig S. , Ilyin Ilya , Schöller M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe magnetic field in the O9.7 V star HD 54879 has been monitored for almost a decade. Spectropolarimetric observations reveal a rather strong mean longitudinal magnetic field that varies with a period of about 7.41 years. Observations in the H line show a variation with the same period, while the H line shows only little variation. Assuming the periodic variation to be caused by a slow rotation and a dipolar magnetic field, we find a magnetic field strength of 2 kG at the magnetic poles. With the relatively low mass loss rate of year−1, this star is a case of extremely strong magnetic confinement. Both theoretical arguments and numerical simulations indicate the presence of an extended disk of increased gas density in the equatorial plane of the magnetic field, where gas from the line‐driven stellar wind is trapped. This disk is likely to be the origin of the observed H emission, which peaks together with the strongest line‐of‐sight magnetic field. The profile of the H line is resolved in several components and shows a remarkable variability with the rotation period.
The impact of adverse childhood events on service support and educational outcomes of children who are autistic: A theory‐guided analysis using structural equation modeling
Authors: Hartwell Micah , Batioja Kelsi , Elenwo Covenant , Keener Ashley , Mazur Anya , Chesher Tessa 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAutistic children who have experienced adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) may have barriers to receiving special education or other developmental services—thus, impacting educational outcomes. Our objective was to model such a pathway using the 2016–2021 National Survey of Children's Health datasets. We extracted data for school outcomes, use of special education and autism‐related specialty services and sociodemographic characteristics among autistic children within the data. Associations between sociodemographics and ACEs (categorized as 0, 1–3, and 4+) were tested using design‐based X2 tests. We then used structural equation modeling to map the quasi‐causal pathways. The sample for our analysis included 4717 autistic children—38.94% were aged 6–10 years, 35.73% of children aged 11–14 years, and 25.32% were between 15 and 17 years—with 88.70% living in metropolitan areas. The X2 showed significant relationships between ACEs and age, ethnoracial groups, and urbanicity among others. The SEM showed ACEs were directly associated with poorer school outcomes (β = −0.14 (0.04), p = 0.002) and through their inverse relationship with support services (β = −0.08 (0.04), p = 0.023)— when support services were increased, school outcomes improved (β = 0.62, p < 0.001). Findings suggested ACEs have a significant direct and indirect impact on school outcomes of autistic children, and 10.76% of children who are autistic have experienced four or more ACEs—which were more likely to occur with severe autism symptomatology and in rural areas. Results highlight the need for communities to recognize the potential long‐term impact of ACEs on the academic outcomes of autistic children.
Translocator protein expression and localization in human endometrium and endometriosis: A potential target for a noninvasive diagnosis?
Authors: Casalechi Maíra , Dela Cruz Cynthia , Assis Wiviane A. , Vieira‐Lopes Millene , Lopes Felipe Eduardo F. , Francisco Antônio M.C. , Reis Fernando M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe limitations of current imaging methods to detect small or superficial endometriotic lesions prompt the search for new molecular targets. TSPO is an 18 KDa protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, which can be traced by positron emission tomography (PET) using specific ligands. TSPO is located mostly in neurons and inflammatory sites outside the brain. We hypothesized that it might also be expressed in the human endometrium and endometrial‐like tissue, being a target for molecular imaging of endometriosis. This prospective cross‐sectional study included 28 women with endometriosis and 11 endometriosis‐free controls. Endometriotic lesions (n = 49) and normal peritoneum (n = 13) from endometriosis patients were obtained during laparoscopy, while samples of eutopic endometrium from patients with endometriosis (n = 28) and from control women (n = 11) were collected in the operating room using a flexible device. TSPO mRNA expression was evaluated by quantitative reverse‐transcription real‐time PCR while protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody antihuman TSPO. TSPO mRNA expression was detected in an invariable fashion in all tissue types evaluated; however, TSPO protein was found to be more abundant in the glandular epithelium than in the stroma, both in the endometrium and in the endometriotic lesions. Interestingly, hormone therapies did not alter the expression of TSPO, and its presence was mostly negative in tissues adjacent to endometriotic implants. As a proof of concept, the protein expression pattern of TSPO in endometriotic tissue and along the adjacent areas suggests that TSPO‐based molecular imaging might be used for noninvasive endometriosis detection.
Cerebrofacial arteriovenous metameric syndrome type I + II + III: An unusual case
Authors: Ahmed Shahroze , Kunwar Digbijay , Khan Muhammad Hamza , Akbar Anum , Yasin Asra , Anjum Abdul Sattar 
Published: March 2024

Key Clinical MessageCerebrofacial arteriovenous Metameric syndrome (CAMS) typically manifests as types I, II, or III, occasionally presenting as dual types. Our unique case underscores the coexistence of all three CAMS types in one patient. Furthermore, the concurrent acute cerebellar infarct underscores the need to consider CAMS in the differential diagnosis of adolescents experiencing neurological events.
Diastereoselective Dearomatizing Cyclizations of 5‐Arylpentan‐2‐ones by Samarium Diiodide – A Computational Analysis
Authors: Steiner Luca , Achazi Andreas J. , Kelterer Anne‐Marie , Paulus Beate , Reissig Hans‐Ulrich 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study analyzes the samarium diiodide‐promoted cyclizations of 5‐arylpentan‐2‐ones to dearomatized bicyclic products utilizing density functional theory. The reaction involves a single electron transfer to the carbonyl group, which occurs synchronously with the rate determining cyclization event, and a second subsequent proton‐coupled electron transfer. These redox reactions are accurately computed employing small core pseudo potentials explicitly involving all f‐electrons of samarium. Comparison of the energies of the possible final products rules out thermodynamic control of the observed regio‐ and diastereoselectivities. Kinetic control via appropriate transition states is correctly predicted, but to obtain reasonable energy levels the influence of the co‐solvent hexamethylphosphortriamide has to be estimated by using a correction term. The steric effect of the bulky samarium ligands is decisive for the observed stereoselectivity. Carbonyl groups in para‐position of the aryl group change the regioselectivity of the cyclization and lead to spiro compounds. The computations suggest again kinetic control of this deviating outcome. However, the standard mechanism has to be modified and the involvement of a complex activated by two SmI2 moieties is proposed in which two electrons are transferred simultaneously to form the new C−C bond. Computation of model intermediates show the feasibility of this alternative+ mechanism.
Elastin‐Like Peptide as a Model for Disordered Proteins: Diffusion Behaviour in Self‐Crowding Conditions
Authors: Weißheit Susann , Kuttich Björn , Vogel Michael , Thiele Christina Marie 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDespite the current high interest, there is limited information on diffusion data for intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). This study investigates the effect of crowding on the diffusion behaviour of an elastin‐like peptide (ELP), by combined pulse field gradient (PFG) and static field gradient (SFG) NMR techniques. We interpret our findings in terms of highly dynamic chain assemblies with weak interactions, resulting in ELP diffusion that is primarily governed by the viscous flow of the solvent. The diffusion behaviour of the peptide appears to resemble that of globular proteins rather than flexible linear polymers over a wide concentration range.
Two types of biplots to integrate multi‐trial and multi‐trait information for genotype selection
Authors: Yan Weikai 
Published: March 2024

AbstractGenotype × environment interaction (GE) and unfavorable associations among breeding objectives are the two key challenges in genotype evaluation and selection. Dealing with GE includes utilizing repeatable GE and accommodating nonrepeatable GE, and analytical tools for both steps have been developed in recent years. The genotype by yield × trait (GYT) analysis was also developed to address the issue of genotype selection based on multiple traits. However, a method to integrate both multi‐trial and multi‐trait information has been lacking. The purpose of this study was to fill the gap. Two types of biplots were described and demonstrated, using an oat (Avena sativa L.) dataset as an example. The G + GE biplot of GYT index graphically displays the mean and stability of the genotypes, considering all breeding objectives. The GYT biplot across trials graphically displays the overall superiority and the strengths and weaknesses of the genotypes, after accommodating the nonrepeatable GE. The two types of biplots rank the genotypes in the same order of superiority; they complementarily provide a complete picture of the genotypes and allow confident genotype evaluation, selection, and recommendation.