bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimycobacterial Activity of Ag(I)‐Aspartame, Ag(I)‐Saccharin and Ag(I)‐Cyclamate Complexes
Authors: Cavicchioli Maurício , Leite Clarice Q. F. , Sato Daisy N. , Massabni Antonio C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present work describes the synthesis and antimycobacterial activity of three Ag(I)‐complexes with the sweeteners aspartame, saccharin, and cyclamate as ligands, with the aim of finding new candidate substances for fighting tuberculosis and other mycobacterial infections. The minimal inhibitory concentration of these three complexes was investigated in order to determine their in‐vitro antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium malmoense, and Mycobacterium kansasii. The MIC values were determined using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay. The best MIC values found for the complexes were 9.75 μM for Ag(I)‐aspartame against M. kansasii and 15.7 μM for Ag(I)‐cyclamate against M. tuberculosis.
Synthesis and Molluscicidal Activity of New Chromene and Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Abdelrazek Fathy M. , Metz Peter , Kataeva Olga , Jäger Anne , El‐Mahrouky Sherif F. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe chromene derivative 4 reacts with acetic anhydride, phenylisothiocyanate and ethyl orthoformate to afford the N‐acetyl derivative 6, the chromenopyrimidine 8 and the formimidate 9, respectively. 2‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐ylmethylene)‐malononitrile 10b reacts with 1,3‐cyclohexanedione and dimedone 11a, b to afford the 4(3‐indolyl)‐chromene derivatives 12a, b respectively, and with the pyrazolone derivatives 13a–d to afford the arylidene exchange derivatives 14a–c and the pyranopyrazole derivative 15, respectively. The arylidene derivatives 10a, b react also with indane‐1,3‐dione 16 to afford the arylidene exchange derivatives 18a, b. The molluscicidal activity of the synthesized compounds towards Biomphalaria alexandrina snails, the intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni, was investigated and most of them showed weak to moderate activity.
Principal component analysis with boundary constraints
Authors: Giordani Paolo , Kiers Henk A. L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractObserved data often belong to some specific intervals of values (for instance in case of percentages or proportions) or are higher (lower) than pre‐specified values (for instance, chemical concentrations are higher than zero). The use of classical principal component analysis (PCA) may lead to extract components such that the reconstructed data take unfeasible values. In order to cope with this problem, a constrained generalization of PCA is proposed. The new technique, called bounded principal component analysis (B‐PCA), detects components such that the reconstructed data are constrained to belong to some pre‐specified bounds. This is done by implementing a row‐wise alternating least squares (ALS) algorithm, which exploits the potentialities of the least squares with inequality (LSI) algorithm. The results of a simulation study and two applications to bounded data are discussed for evaluating how the method and the algorithm for solving it work in practice. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective Catalytic Oxidation of Ethanol to Acetic Acid on Dispersed Mo‐V‐Nb Mixed Oxides
Authors: Li Xuebing , Iglesia Enrique 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe direct oxidation of ethanol to acetic acid is catalyzed by multicomponent metal oxides (Mo‐V‐NbOx) prepared by precipitation in the presence of colloidal TiO2 (Mo0.61V0.31Nb0.08Ox/TiO2). Acetic acid synthesis rates and selectivities (∼95 % even at 100 % ethanol conversion) were much higher than in previous reports. The presence of TiO2 during synthesis led to more highly active surface areas without detectable changes in the reactivity or selectivity of exposed active oxide surfaces. Ethanol oxidation proceeds via acetaldehyde intermediates that are converted to acetic acid. Water increases acetic acid selectivity by inhibiting acetaldehyde synthesis more strongly than its oxidation to acetic acid, thus minimizing prevalent acetaldehyde concentrations and its intervening conversion to COx. Kinetic and isotopic effects indicate that CH bond activation in chemisorbed ethoxide species limits acetaldehyde synthesis rates and overall rates of ethanol conversion to acetic acid. The VOx component in Mo‐V‐Nb is responsible for the high reactivity of these materials. Mo and Nb oxide components increase the accessibility and reducibility of VOx domains, while concurrently decreasing the number of unselective V‐O‐Ti linkages in VOx domains dispersed on TiO2.
Application of Zinc(II)–Binol for the Formal Aza‐Diels–Alder Reaction of N‐Arylimines with Danishefsky's Diene: CD‐Based Absolute Stereochemistry Determination, Origin of Asymmetric Induction and Mechanistic Considerations
Authors: Di Bari Lorenzo , Guillarme Stéphane , Hanan John , Henderson Andrew P. , Howard Judith A. K. , Pescitelli Gennaro , Probert Michael R. , Salvadori Piero , Whiting Andrew 
Published: October 2007

AbstractZinc(II)–binol has been employed as an efficient Lewis acid catalyst (10 or 100 mol‐% loading) for the formal aza‐Diels–Alder reaction of ester, furyl and dimethyl acetal‐substituted N‐aryl imines. Asymmetric induction varies from poor to good, with the major enantiomer obtained being (S) when the (S)‐binol complex has been employed. The absolute stereochemistry of the dimethyl acetal‐substituted cycloaduct was determined by CD, and both efficient aza‐Diels–Alder reaction and asymmetric induction are proposed to be dependent upon the formation of bidentate zinc‐imine complexes. These complexes have been modelled using semi‐empirical methods. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Turbulent mixing in spherical implosions
Authors: Youngs David L. , Williams Robin J. R. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractWe discuss the application of the numerical code TURMOIL to turbulent mixing in a simple spherical implosion, a much simplified version of an inertial confinement fusion implosion. Some form of Monotone integrated large eddy simulation is required to eliminate non‐physical oscillations, as shocks and contact discontinuities are present. The dissipation in the TURMOIL scheme is analysed. It is argued that this is relatively low and that the ‘sub‐grid’ dissipation can be precisely quantified. © British Crown Copyright 2007/MOD. Reproduced with permission. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An accurate finite element scheme with moving meshes for computing 3D‐axisymmetric interface flows
Authors: Ganesan Sashikumaar , Tobiska Lutz 
Published: October 2007

AbstractAn accurate finite element scheme for computing 3D‐axisymmetric incompressible free surface and interface flows is proposed. It is based on the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) approach using free surface/interface‐resolved moving meshes. Key features like the surface force, consisting of surface tension and the local curvature, and jumps in the density and viscosity over different fluid phases are precisely incorporated in the finite element formulation. The local curvature is approximated by using the Laplace–Beltrami operator technique combined with a boundary approximation by isoparametric finite elements. A new approach is used to derive the 3D‐axisymmetric form from the variational form in 3D‐Cartesian coordinates. Several test examples show the high accuracy and the robustness of the proposed scheme. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Projections of the costs associated with colorectal cancer care in the United States, 2000–2020
Authors: Yabroff K. Robin , Mariotto Angela B. , Feuer Eric , Brown Martin L. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBecause of aging trends in the US, the number of prevalent colorectal cancer patients is expected to increase. We projected economic burden to the Medicare program and its beneficiaries through the year 2020. Burden was estimated for the initial phase of care, the period following diagnosis, the last year of life, and the continuing phase. Projected burden was evaluated with varying assumptions about incidence, survival, and costs of care. Estimated costs of care in 2000 in the initial, continuing, and last year of life phases of care were approximately $3.18 billion, $1.68 billion, and $2.63 billion, respectively. By the year 2020 under the ‘fixed’ current incidence, survival, and cost scenario, projected costs for the initial, continuing, and last year of life phases were $4.75 billion, $2.63 billion, and $4.05 billion. Under the current trends scenario (decreasing incidence, improving survival, and increasing costs), costs were $5.19 billion, $3.57 billion, and $5.27 billion. By the year 2020, estimated costs of colorectal cancer care among individuals aged 65 and older increased by 53% in the fixed scenario and by 89% in the current trends scenario. The future economic burden of colorectal cancer to the Medicare program and its beneficiaries in the US will be substantial. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The interactive effects of temperament and maternal parenting on toddlers' externalizing behaviours
Authors: van Aken C. , Junger M. , Verhoeven M. , van Aken M. A. G. , Deković M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe present study aimed to determine the potential moderating effects of temperamental traits on the relation between parenting and toddlers' externalizing behaviours. For that purpose, this study examined the interplay between temperament and maternal parenting behaviours in predicting the level as well as the development of toddlers' externalizing behaviours. Participants were 115 boys (wave 1, M=16.9 months; wave 2, M=23.2 months) and their mothers, who were observed in a 13‐min structured play session at home. With regard to the prediction of the level of externalizing behaviours at wave 1, main effects were found for children's temperamental characteristics. In addition, maternal negative control interacted significantly with children's inhibitory control in predicting this level of externalizing behaviours. The findings with regard to the development of externalizing behaviours showed that the effects of maternal negative control and lack of maternal sensitivity were stronger for toddlers with a difficult temperament: maternal negative control and lack of maternal sensitivity were related to an increase in externalizing behaviours for temperamentally difficult children only. These results offer support for the goodness‐of‐fit hypothesis, stressing the idea that the effects of temperament and the social environment depend to a large extent on their interplay. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Endothelial cytoprotection from oxidized LDL by some crude melanesian plant extracts is not related to their antioxidant capacity
Authors: Owen Patrick L. , Matainaho Teatulohi , Sirois Martin , Johns Timothy 
Published: October 2007

AbstractHabitual consumption of some Melanesian medicinal and food plants may influence atherosclerosis development via their antioxidant capacity at the endothelial level. Areca nut (AN; Areca catechu), piper inflorescence (PBI; Piper betle), betel quid (BQ), guava buds (GB; Psidium guajava), the leaves (NL), juice (NJ), fruit (NF), and root (NR) of noni (Morinda citrifolia), the propagules of raw (MBR), and cooked (MBC) mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza) were evaluated for their ability to scavenge the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyle (DPPH) radical, to protect human low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) from Cu2+‐catalyzed oxidation and to protect cultured bovine aortal endothelial cells (BAEC) from oxidized LDL (oxLDL)‐induced cytotoxicity. Polyphenol‐rich extracts AN, PBI, and BQ were potent DPPH scavengers, having similar activity to quercetin and able to protect LDL from oxidation in a dose‐dependent manner at concentrations higher than 10 μg/mL, but were pro‐oxidants at lower concentrations. These extracts were cytotoxic to BAEC at concentrations above 10 μg/mL and were unable to prevent oxLDL endotheliopathy. GB and NR at 10 μg/mL displayed both the ability to delay LDL oxidation and prevent oxLDL cytotoxicity, although the latter lacked the ability to scavenge the DPPH radical. At higher concentrations, however, both were cytotoxic in themselves. The remaining noni extracts NF, NJ, NL, and both mangrove extracts MBC and MBR were unable to protect LDL from oxidation at all tested concentrations, but were effective cytoprotective agents at 50 μg/mL. All extracts were able to prevent an oxLDL‐mediated increase in intracellular aldehyde generation but had little effect on extracellular peroxidation as measured by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). On the basis of this model system, we conclude that the antioxidant benefits of AN, PBI, and BQ may be offset by their enhancement of their cytotoxic effects of oxLDL toward BAEC, whereas GB and low concentrations of noni and mangrove may be considered antiatherogenic. The discrepancies between our in vitro and cellular culture experiments emphasize the importance of experimental conditions in evaluating the antioxidant potential of crude plant extracts. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:231–242, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20186
Cigarette smoke extract affects functional activity of MRP1 in bronchial epithelial cells
Authors: van der Deen Margaretha , de Vries Elisabeth G. E. , Visserman Hylke , Zandbergen Wouter , Postma Dirkje S. , Timens Wim , Timmer‐Bosscha Hetty 
Published: October 2007

AbstractCigarette smoke is the principal risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Multidrug resistance‐associated protein 1 (MRP1) is a member of the ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporters, which transport physiologic and toxic substrates across cell membranes. MRP1 is highly expressed in lung epithelium. This study aims to analyze the effect of cigarette smoke extract (CSE) on MRP1 activity. In the human bronchial epithelial cell line 16HBE14o−, MRP1 function was studied flow cytometrically by cellular retention of carboxyfluorescein (CF) after CSE incubation and MRP1 downregulation by RNA interference (siRNA). Cell survival was measured by the MTT assay. Immunocytochemically, it was shown that 16HBE14o− expressed MRP1 and breast cancer resistance protein. Coincubation of CSE IC50 (1.53% ± 0.22%) with MK571 further decreased cell survival 31% (p, = 0.018). CSE increased cellular CF retention dose dependently from 1.7‐fold at 5% CSE to 10.3‐fold at 40% CSE (both p < 0.05). siRNA reduced MRP1 RNA expression with 49% and increased CF accumulation 67% versus control transfected cells. CSE exposure further increased CF retention 24% (p = 0.031). A linear positive relation between MRP1 function and CSE‐modulating effects (r = 0.99, p =0.089) was shown in untransfected, control transfected, and MRP1 downregulated 16HBE14o− cells analogous to blocking effects with MRP1 inhibitor MK571 (r = 0.99, p = 0.034). In conclusion, cigarette smoke extract affects MRP1 activity probably competitively in bronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition of MRP1 in turn results in higher CSE toxicity. We propose that MRP1 may be a protective protein for COPD development. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:243–251, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20187
Transcriptional responses of alpha‐ and rho‐class glutathione S‐transferase genes in the liver of three freshwater fishes intraperitoneally injected with microcystin‐LR: Relationship of inducible expression and tolerance
Authors: Liang Xu‐Fang , Li Guan‐Gui , He Shan , Huang Yan 
Published: October 2007

AbstractRho‐class glutathione S‐transferase (GST) is found only in teleost fish with no homologues in mammals. Silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis nilotica) are three warm freshwater fishes with differential tolerance to microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR): Nile tilapia has a little higher tolerance than silver carp, but both have much higher tolerance than grass carp. Full‐length cDNAs encoding the rho‐class GST were cloned and sequenced from the livers of the three fishes. The silver carp, grass carp, and Nile tilapia rho‐class GST cDNAs were 1078, 1104, and 904 bp in length, respectively, and all contained an open‐reading frame (ORF) of 681 bp (encoding a polypeptide of 226 amino acids). Using beta‐actin as an external control, semiquantitative RT‐PCR was conducted to determine the constitutive and inducible expression level of alpha‐ and rho‐class GST genes among the three fishes (6–12 g) intraperitoneally injected with MC‐LR (50 μg kg−1 body weight). Liver mRNA expression levels of alpha‐class GST gene were found to be higher than those of rho‐class GST gene in both exposed and control fish of silver carp and grass carp, whereas liver mRNA expression levels of rho‐class GST gene were higher than those of alpha ‐class GST gene in both exposed and control fish of Nile tilapia. Increased liver transcription of GST isoforms was detected at 8‐h postinjection of MC‐LR in silver carp (alpha‐ and rho‐class GST) and Nile tilapia (rho‐class GST), and at 24‐h postinjection in silver carp (alpha‐class GST) and Nile tilapia (alpha‐class GST), but an increase in liver transcription neither of alpha‐class GST nor of rho‐class GST was detected in grass carp at either 8‐h or 24‐h postinjection. The inducible expression of the liver GST gene showed a close relationship with their tolerance to MC‐LR: high‐resistant fish (phytoplanktivorous silver carp and Nile tilapia) had inducible liver expression of either alpha‐ or rho‐class GST, and the high‐sensitive fish (herbivorous grass carp) had no inducible liver expression of either one. We suggest that inducible expression (instead of constitutive expression) of the liver GST gene should play an important role in the tolerance to microcystin exposure, and that in addition to alpha‐class GST, high‐liver expression of rho‐class GST gene might have facilitated the evolutionary radiation of teleost fish. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:289–298, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20188
Dimethylsphingosine and FTY720 inhibit the SK1 form but activate the SK2 form of sphingosine kinase from rat heart
Authors: Vessey Donald A. , Kelley Michael , Zhang Jianqing , Li Luyi , Tao Rong , Karliner Joel S. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractFractionation of cytosolic sphingosine kinase (SKase) activity by gel filtration chromatography gave rise to a 96‐kDa peak that contained only the SK2 form of SKase (by Western analysis) and a broad ca. 46 kDa peak that contained only SK1 forms. SK2 appeared to have a bound accessory protein. When tested with the classic SKase inhibitor dimethylsphingosine (DMS), SK1 was extensively inhibited; however, SK2 was not inhibited but unexpectedly was activated. Activation of SK2 was the result of DMS enhancing the affinity of the enzyme for sphingosine, and, at low concentrations of ATP and sphingosine, activated by more than 100%. Activation of SK2 could be demonstrated in the cytosolic fraction indicating it was unrelated to the purification step. The immunomodulator FTY720 also activated SK2 (although to a lesser extent), but was a potent inhibitor of SK1. SK2 from rat liver and spleen was also not inhibited by DMS. L‐Sphingosine and to a lesser extent dihydrosphingosine and phytosphingosine were effective inhibitors of both forms.© 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:273–279, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20193
Modulation of indomethacin‐induced gastric injury by spermine and taurine in rats
Authors: Motawi Tarek K. , Abd Elgawad Hanan M. , Shahin Nancy N. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study investigated the involvement of neutrophil infiltration, nitric oxide (NO) generation, and oxidative stress in indomethacin‐induced ulcer and the possible gastroprotective potentials of spermine and taurine, known for their tissue regenerating and antioxidant effects, respectively. Male Wistar albino rats (180–220 g) were allocated into a normal control group, ulcer control group (received a single dose of indomethacin 40 mg–kg p.o.), and two ulcer groups pretreated with spermine (150 mg–kg p.o. 1 h before ulcer induction) and taurine (250 mg–kg i.p. for three consecutive days before ulcer induction). The animals were killed 6 h after indomethacin administration, and the gastric juice, serum, and mucosal tissue were used for gastric injury evaluation. Both modulators significantly ameliorated the indomethacin–induced gastric lesions in glandular mucosa. Notably, spermine exhibited the most pronounced effect as manifested by great reduction in the gastric ulcer index, normalization of the elevated gastric acidity, and triggering of mucin production. Spermine and taurine were able to decrease the elevated levels of gastric myeloperoxidase, conjugated diene, and serum NO. However, the lowered tissue NO content was markedly elevated only by taurine. The antioxidant action of taurine was illustrated by restoration of the depressed content of glutathione, normalization of the inhibited activities of glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. These results suggest that spermine and taurine confer significant gastroprotection against indomethacin‐induced gastric injury with the priority of spermine. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 21:280–288, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/jbt.20194
The unwary purchaser: Consumer psychology and the regulation of commerce in America
Authors: Pettit Michael J. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractStarting in the 1870s, American jurists deciding cases of trademark infringement began advancing arguments that the ordinary purchaser was an unwary one, easily deceived by imitations. Embedded within their legal decisions was a vision of the typical consumers' habitual behavior and cognitive ability. In response to legal critics who argued that the presumed psychology of the consumer was unevenly deployed, applied psychologists developed laboratory‐based experiments and scales for determining the likelihood that the “average” purchaser would be confused. Although these psychologists failed in their goal of securing regular legal patronage, this commercial context and the resulting experiments were constitutive of the delineation of “recognition” as a distinct mental process. Furthermore, this case study complicates the scholarly consensus about the role of standardization and personal responsibility in the liberal administration of mass society. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Alpha‐amylase production by Bacillus subtilis CM3 in solid state fermentation using cassava fibrous residue
Authors: Swain M.R. , Ray R.C. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn extraction of starch from cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), one of the major solid waste released is fibrous residues which constitute 15–20% by weight of the cassava chips/tuber processed. Production of α ‐amylase under solid state fermentation by Bacillus subtilis CM3 has been investigated using cassava fibrous residue. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the effect of the main variables, i.e. incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity and temperature on enzyme production. A full factorial Central Composite Design (CCD) was applied to study these main factors that affected α ‐amylase production. The experimental results showed that the optimum incubation period, initial medium pH, moisture holding capacity and temperature were 6 days, 8.0, 70% and 50 °C, respectively. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)