bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Persistent interaction patterns across social media platforms and over time
Authors: Avalle Michele , Di Marco Niccolò , Etta Gabriele , Sangiorgio Emanuele , Alipour Shayan , Bonetti Anita , Alvisi Lorenzo , Scala Antonio , Baronchelli Andrea , Cinelli Matteo , Quattrociocchi Walter 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Growing concern surrounds the impact of social media platforms on public discourse1–4 and their influence on social dynamics5–9, especially in the context of toxicity10–12. Here, to better understand these phenomena, we use a comparative approach to isolate human behavioural patterns across multiple social media platforms. In particular, we analyse conversations in different online communities, focusing on identifying consistent patterns of toxic content. Drawing from an extensive dataset that spans eight platforms over 34 years—from Usenet to contemporary social media—our findings show consistent conversation patterns and user behaviour, irrespective of the platform, topic or time. Notably, although long conversations consistently exhibit higher toxicity, toxic language does not invariably discourage people from participating in a conversation, and toxicity does not necessarily escalate as discussions evolve. Our analysis suggests that debates and contrasting sentiments among users significantly contribute to more intense and hostile discussions. Moreover, the persistence of these patterns across three decades, despite changes in platforms and societal norms, underscores the pivotal role of human behaviour in shaping online discourse.
SpatialData: an open and universal data framework for spatial omics
Authors: Marconato Luca , Palla Giovanni , Yamauchi Kevin A. , Virshup Isaac , Heidari Elyas , Treis Tim , Vierdag Wouter-Michiel , Toth Marcella , Stockhaus Sonja , Shrestha Rahul B. , Rombaut Benjamin , Pollaris Lotte , Lehner Laurens , Vöhringer Harald , Kats Ilia , Saeys Yvan , Saka Sinem K. , Huber Wolfgang , Gerstung Moritz , Moore Josh , Theis Fabian J. , Stegle Oliver 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Spatially resolved omics technologies are transforming our understanding of biological tissues. However, the handling of uni- and multimodal spatial omics datasets remains a challenge owing to large data volumes, heterogeneity of data types and the lack of flexible, spatially aware data structures. Here we introduce SpatialData, a framework that establishes a unified and extensible multiplatform file-format, lazy representation of larger-than-memory data, transformations and alignment to common coordinate systems. SpatialData facilitates spatial annotations and cross-modal aggregation and analysis, the utility of which is illustrated in the context of multiple vignettes, including integrative analysis on a multimodal Xenium and Visium breast cancer study.
Noggin promotes osteogenesis in human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells via FGFR2/Src/Akt and ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Truchan Karolina , Osyczka Anna Maria 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe balance between Noggin and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) is important during early development and skeletal regenerative therapies. Noggin binds BMPs in the extracellular space, thereby preventing BMP signaling. However, Noggin may affect cell response not necessarily through the modulation of BMP signaling, raising the possibility of direct Noggin signaling through yet unspecified receptors. Here we show that in osteogenic cultures of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), Noggin activates fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs), Src/Akt and ERK kinases, and it stabilizes TAZ proteins in the presence of dexamethasone. Overall, this leads ASCs to increased expression of osteogenic markers and robust mineral deposition. Our results also indicate that Noggin can induce osteogenic genes expression in normal human bone marrow stem cells and alkaline phosphatase activity in normal human dental pulp stem cells. Besides, Noggin can specifically activate FGFR2 in osteosarcoma cells. We believe our findings open new research avenues to further explore the involvement of Noggin in cell fate modulation by FGFR2/Src/Akt/ERK signaling and potential applications of Noggin in bone regenerative therapies.
Investigation on acoustic emission characteristics of fault stick-slip under different lateral pressures
Authors: Ding Ling , Zhao Yangfeng , Pan Yishan , Fan Yi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo explore the effect of different stress environments on fault-slip rockbursts. Bidirectional shear friction experiments with different lateral pressures were conducted on precracked syenogranites buried at 800 m. The macroscopic statistical parameters (cumulative number of AE events, magnitude and b value) and local characteristic parameters (amplitude and dominant frequency) of acoustic emission during the stick-slip process under different lateral pressures were investigated. In addition, based on fractal theory, the nonlinear characteristics of AE spectrum were analyzed. On this basis, the microscopic mechanism of fault stick-slip was discussed. The results show that the lateral pressure influences the friction strength of the fault and stick-slip motion characteristics. With increasing lateral pressure, the proportion of transgranular shear fractures increases, which leads to an increase of cumulative number of AE events and magnitude. The periodic decrease in the b value is more significant at high lateral pressure. There is a good correlation between a high-magnitude AE event and a stress drop. The AE frequency with phased response characteristics can be used to effectively identify the evolution of fault stick-slip instability at the laboratory scale. A sharp increase in the amplitude of the dominant frequency can be regarded as one of the precursory features of fault stick-slip instability. The AE frequency spectra have multifractal characteristics, that differ among the different stages. The maximum multifractal dimension and spectral width can reflect the difference in energy released during fault stick-slip motion.
Age-related changes in the zebrafish and killifish inner ear and lateral line
Authors: Coffin Allison B. , Dale Emily , Molano Olivia , Pederson Alexandra , Costa Emma K. , Chen Jingxun 
Published: March 2024

AbstractAge-related hearing loss (ARHL) is a debilitating disorder for millions worldwide. While there are multiple underlying causes of ARHL, one common factor is loss of sensory hair cells. In mammals, new hair cells are not produced postnatally and do not regenerate after damage, leading to permanent hearing impairment. By contrast, fish produce hair cells throughout life and robustly regenerate these cells after toxic insult. Despite these regenerative abilities, zebrafish show features of ARHL. Here, we show that aged zebrafish of both sexes exhibited significant hair cell loss and decreased cell proliferation in all inner ear epithelia (saccule, lagena, utricle). Ears from aged zebrafish had increased expression of pro-inflammatory genes and significantly more macrophages than ears from young adult animals. Aged zebrafish also had fewer lateral line hair cells and less cell proliferation than young animals, although lateral line hair cells still robustly regenerated following damage. Unlike zebrafish, African turquoise killifish (an emerging aging model) only showed hair cell loss in the saccule of aged males, but both sexes exhibit age-related changes in the lateral line. Our work demonstrates that zebrafish exhibit key features of auditory aging, including hair cell loss and increased inflammation. Further, our finding that aged zebrafish have fewer lateral line hair cells yet retain regenerative capacity, suggests a decoupling of homeostatic hair cell addition from regeneration following acute trauma. Finally, zebrafish and killifish show species-specific strategies for lateral line homeostasis that may inform further comparative research on aging in mechanosensory systems.
Inhibitory effect of benzocaine from Schisandra chinensis on Alternaria alternata
Authors: Long Lin Fang , Zhao Qi Fang , Zhang Fu Long , Tang Ran , Wei Jia Bao , Guan Shan , Chen Yan 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe clinical effects of Schisandra chinensis against human disease are well-documented; however, studies on its application in controlling plant pathogens are limited. Here, we investigated its inhibitory effect on the growth of Alternaria alternata, a fungus which causes significant post-harvest losses on apples, known as black spot disease. S. chinensis fruit extract exhibited strong inhibitory effects on the growth of A. alternata with an EC50 of 1882.00 mg/L. There were 157 compounds identified in the extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, where benzocaine constituted 14.19% of the extract. Antifungal experiments showed that the inhibitory activity of benzocaine on A. alternata was 43.77-fold higher than the crude extract. The application of benzocaine before and after A. alternata inoculation on apples prevented the pathogen infection and led to mycelial distortion according to scanning electron microscopy. Transcriptome analysis revealed that there were 4226 genes differentially expressed between treated and untreated A. alternata-infected apples with benzocaine. Metabolomics analysis led to the identification of 155 metabolites. Correlation analysis between the transcriptome and metabolome revealed that benzocaine may inhibit A. alternata growth via the beta-alanine metabolic pathway. Overall, S. chinensis extract and benzocaine are environmentally friendly plant-based fungicides with potential to control A. alternata.
Research on lightweight algorithm for gangue detection based on improved Yolov5
Authors: Yuan Xinpeng , Fu Zhibo , Zhang Bowen , Xie Zhengkun , Gan Rui 
Published: March 2024

AbstractIn order to solve the problems of slow detection speed, large number of parameters and large computational volume of deep learning based gangue target detection method, we propose an improved algorithm for gangue target detection based on Yolov5s. First, the lightweight network EfficientVIT is used as the backbone network to increase the target detection speed. Second, C3_Faster replaces the C3 part in the HEAD module, which reduces the model complexity. once again, the 20 × 20 feature map branch in the Neck region is deleted, which reduces the model complexity; thirdly, the CIOU loss function is replaced by the Mpdiou loss function. The introduction of the SE attention mechanism makes the model pay more attention to critical features to improve detection performance. Experimental results show that the improved model size of the coal gang detection algorithm reduces the compression by 77.8%, the number of parameters by 78.3% the computational cost is reduced by 77.8% and the number of frames is reduced by 30.6%, which can be used as a reference for intelligent coal gangue classification.
Large language models know how the personality of public figures is perceived by the general public
Authors: Cao Xubo , Kosinski Michal 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWe show that people’s perceptions of public figures’ personalities can be accurately predicted from their names’ location in GPT-3’s semantic space. We collected Big Five personality perceptions of 226 public figures from 600 human raters. Cross-validated linear regression was used to predict human perceptions from public figures’ name embeddings extracted from GPT-3. The models’ accuracy ranged from r = .78 to .88 without controls and from r = .53 to .70 when controlling for public figures’ likability and demographics, after correcting for attenuation. Prediction models showed high face validity as revealed by the personality-descriptive adjectives occupying their extremes. Our findings reveal that GPT-3 word embeddings capture signals pertaining to individual differences and intimate traits.
Transpedicular injection of rhBMP-2 with β-tricalcium phosphate to reduce the proximal junctional kyphosis after adult spinal deformity correction: preliminary study
Authors: Kwon Ohsang , Choi Jun-Young , Park Jin-Ho , Ham Dae-Woong , Park Sang-Min , Yeom Jin S. , Kim Ho-Joong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe aim of this preliminary study was to assess the impact of injecting recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) with β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) carrier into the uppermost instrumented vertebra (UIV) during surgery to prevent the development of proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) and proximal junctional failure (PJF). The 25 patients from study group had received 0.5 mg rhBMP-2 mixed with 1.5 g β-TCP paste injection into the UIV during surgery. The control group consisted of 75 patients who underwent surgery immediately before the start of the study. The incidences of PJK and PJF were analyzed as primary outcomes. Spinopelvic parameters and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed as secondary outcomes. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were performed to confirm the effect of rhBMP-2 with β-TCP on bone formation at preoperative and postoperative at computed tomography. PJK and PJF was more occurred in control group than study group (p = 0.02, 0.29, respectively). The HU of the UIV significantly increased 6 months after surgery. And the increment at the UIV was also significantly greater than that at the UIV-1 6 months after surgery. Injection of rhBMP-2 with β-TCP into the UIV reduced PJK and PJF rates 6 months after surgery with new bone formation.
Collisional cooling of a Fermi gas with three-body recombination
Authors: Peng Shuai , Liu Haotian , Li Jiaming , Luo Le 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvaporative cooling stands as the prevailing method for achieving ultracold temperatures in atomic systems. Current schemes of evaporation selectively remove the hotter atoms near the edge of the trap, as the hotter and colder atoms are distributed in different spatial regions of the trapping potential. However, a long-standing goal is to directly remove the higher momentum atoms, irrespective of their spatial distribution. For this purpose, we demonstrate collisional cooling for a 6Li Fermi gas through inelastic three-body recombination near a narrow Feshbach resonance. Such three-body recombination can induce either heating or cooling effects, and the decay of the quasi-bound Feshbach molecule stirs the hotter atoms away from the trapping potential. When the threshold energy of the Feshbach molecule exceeds the atom’s average kinetic energy of 3/2kBT, the cooling effect becomes more pronounced. Finally, we observe strong temperature dependence in this collisional cooling process, with greater efficiency achieved at lower temperatures.
Positive unintended consequences of urbanization for climate-resilience of stream ecosystems
Authors: Banner Jay L. , Black Bryan A. , Tremaine Darrel M. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractDeveloping sustainable urban systems is a fundamental societal challenge for the 21st century, and central Texas faces particularly synergistic challenges of a rapidly growing urban population and a projected increasingly drought-prone climate. To assess the history of urbanization impacts on watersheds here, we analyzed 51 cores from bald cypress trees in paired urban and rural watersheds in Austin, Texas. We find a significant contrast between rural and urbanized watersheds. In the rural watershed, tree-ring-width growth histories (“chronologies”) from 1844–2018 significantly and positively correlate (p < 0.01) with (1) one another, and (2) regional instrumental and proxy records of drought. In the urbanized watershed, by contrast, chronologies weakly correlate with one another, with instrumental records of drought, and with the rural chronologies and regional records. Relatively weak drought limitations to urban tree growth are consistent with the significant present-day transfer of municipal water from urban infrastructure by leakage and irrigation to the natural hydrologic system. We infer a significant, long-term contribution from infrastructure to baseflow in urbanized watersheds. In contrast to the common negative impacts of ‘urban stream syndrome’, such sustained baseflow in watersheds with impaired or failing infrastructure may be an unintended positive consequence for stream ecosystems, as a mitigation against projected extended 21st-century droughts. Additionally, riparian trees may serve as a proxy for past impacts of urbanization on natural streams, which may inform sustainable urban development.
Psychosocial Barriers to Completion of Speech Home Exercise Programs
Authors: Torres Jennifer , Gayner Sydney , Aceste Jessica , Lico Margaret 
Published: March 2024

Purpose:
Home exercise programs (HEPs) are provided to patients to maximize retention and generalization of the skills learned during ongoing speech therapy. Unfortunately, psychosocial barriers can lead to inconsistent implementation of speech HEPs, but currently, minimal research exists in identifying these factors. This study aims to ascertain the barriers involved in neglecting the implementation of speech HEPs within the cleft and craniofacial population.

Method:
Respondents answered a series of questions related to demographics (e.g., ethnicity, diagnosis), speech services (e.g., frequency, additional services), and psychosocial barriers (e.g., mental health of parent, patient motivation).

Results:
Findings demonstrated that 88% of the families in this study experienced psychosocial barriers. Fifteen out of the 17 respondents were mothers (88%), whose marriage status included married (70.59%), single (23.53%), and widowed (5.88%). The majority (59% of caregivers) reported completing assigned speech HEPs less than 75% of the time.

Conclusions:
Given the findings of this preliminary study, future studies can further assess the psychosocial barriers and their relationship to demographic information. This information will be useful in finding strategies to promote follow-through of HEP implementation in the future.
Study on moisture absorption characteristics of glass fibre‐reinforced epoxy resin material for composite insulators based on the 3D‐Fick model
Authors: Zhang Yuming , Liu Yunpeng , Hou Sizu , Geng Jianghai , Wang Ping 
Published: March 2024

AbstractLong‐term exposure to moisture leads to a gradual deterioration of performance and reduced service life of glass fibre‐reinforced epoxy resin (GFRP) material in composite insulators. Therefore, it is necessary to analyse the moisture absorption characteristics of GFRP material and the evolution of damage to their internal interface properties. Moisture absorption tests on GFRP rod material used in composite insulators to obtain their three‐dimensional diffusion coefficients are conducted. Atomic force microscopy was then employed to obtain the composite material system's fibre/matrix interfacial phase parameters. Furthermore, a finite element model incorporating representative volume elements with interfacial phases and a mesoscale transient moisture absorption finite element model for the composite material was established. Finally, the moisture absorption characteristics of GFRP material and the evolution of damage to the interfacial phase under thermal‐humidity cycling conditions were investigated. The results showed that the diffusion coefficient along the fibre direction in GFRP material was higher than that in the perpendicular direction. The moisture diffusion finite element model, incorporating an anisotropic interfacial phase, fitted the anisotropic diffusion coefficients of GFRP material more accurately. As moisture invaded the GFRP material, the mismatch stresses continuously increased during the moisture absorption. Moreover, the non‐uniform arrangement of fibres resulted in uneven distribution of moisture‐induced stresses inside the material, leading to higher mismatch stresses in areas with dense fibre arrangements in the matrix. Prolonged high and low humidity cycles led to the development of micro‐cracks, micro‐porosity, and interface debonding along the fibre direction at the GFRP material interfaces, thereby affecting the anisotropic moisture absorption characteristics of the material. The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the deterioration of GFRP material in composite insulator rods due to moisture degradation.
Entanglement and teleportation in quantum key distribution for secure wireless systems
Authors: Ahammed Md. Ferdous , Kadir Mohammad Ismat 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEntanglement‐assisted quantum key distribution (QKD) has attracted significant attention for its ability to provide highly secure wireless systems. This work explores the employment of quantum teleportation and the quantum Fourier transform (QFT) in entanglement‐assisted QKD to enhance security. By integrating the concepts of entanglement, teleportation, and QFT, the key distribution strategy is significantly improved, leading to more secure communication. The system has been thoroughly tested for quantum bit error rate, secure key rate, and reconciliation efficiency. The results show that this technique outperforms the standard BB84 protocol. Based on their simulations, this protocol appears to be a promising technique for providing quantum‐level security to next‐generation wireless communication systems.
The hybrid algorithms in constrained optimization of the permanent magnet motors
Authors: Knypiński Łukasz , Devarapalli Ramesh , Gillon Frederic 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHere, different hybrid optimization algorithms have been applied to the constrained optimization of the line‐start permanent magnet synchronous motor. The optimal results for the hybrid Cuckoo Search and hybrid Grey Wolf Optimization have been compared. In the primary objective function, the parameters describing motor functional parameters in the steady state have been included. Moreover, the non‐linear constraint function has been taken into account. The optimization procedures have been elaborated in the Delphi and Matlab environments. The mathematical model of the line‐start permanent magnet motor has been developed in the Maxwell environment. Selected optimization results are presented and discussed.
Pulsatilla und seine Differentialdiagnosen – Zu Recht so oft
verordnet oder nur nicht richtig hingeschaut?
Authors: Bitsch Manuela 
Published: March 2024

ZusammenfassungTierzucht orientiert sich am Markt. Demzufolge gibt es immer weniger
Gebrauchs- und immer mehr Begleithunde, deren einziger Lebensinhalt es
ist, zu gefallen, gestreichelt zu werden und Familienmitglied zu sein.
Es darf uns also nicht wundern, wenn wir in unseren Praxen immer
häufiger Tiere – vor allem Hunde – mit einer Pulsatilla-Konstitution
sehen.Damit wir aber nicht alle netten, blonden, etwas verrückten Hündinnen
über einen Kamm scheren, sollten wir die Mittel, die alternativ zu
Pulsatilla in Frage kommen, ebenfalls kennen und gegebenenfalls
verordnen.In meinem Überblick gehe ich auf die Konstitution von Pulsatilla ein und
zeige bei den Vergleichsmitteln die Gemeinsamkeiten und die
Unterscheidungsmöglichkeiten auf. Auch wenn ich sicher bin, dass sich
Intuition und Erfahrung oft bewähren, denke ich, dass uns diese Sicht
auf ein Mittel eventuell dann helfen kann, wenn unsere Intuition nicht
funktioniert hat.
RPE65-Associated Retinal Dystrophies: Phenotypes and Treatment Effects with Voretigene Neparvovec
Authors: Stingl Katarina , Priglinger Claudia , Herrmann Philipp 
Published: March 2024

AbstractRetinal dystrophies linked to the RPE65 gene are mostly fast-progressing retinal diseases, with childhood onset of night blindness and progressive visual loss up to the middle adult age. Rare phenotypes linked to this gene are known with congenital stationary night blindness or slowly progressing retinitis pigmentosa, as well as an autosomal dominant c.1430A>G (p.Asp477Gly) variant. This review gives an overview of the current knowledge of the clinical phenotypes, as well as experience with the efficacy and safety of the approved gene augmentation therapy voretigene neparvovec.