bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
In vivo characterization of astrocyte precursor cells (APCs) and astrocytes in developing rat retinae: Differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis
Authors: Chan‐Ling Tailoi , Chu Yi , Baxter Louise , Weible II Michael , Hughes Suzanne 
Published: July 2008

AbstractPurposeTo characterize the timing of differentiation, antigenic expression, morphology, proliferative potential, and apoptosis during astrocyte differentiation in the rat retina in vivo.MethodsWhole mounts of rat retinae from embryonic day (E) 13 to postnatal day (P) 21 and adults were examined utilizing combinations of Pax2, GFAP, vimentin, S100, and GS lectin. These markers were also combined with BrdU and TUNEL to identify proliferation and apoptosis of cells of the astrocytic lineage.ResultsThree distinct stages of astrocytic differentiation were identified: (i) Pax2+/vimentin+/GFAP− astrocyte precursor cell (APC), (ii) Pax2+/vimentin+/GFAP+ immature perinatal astrocytes, and (iii) Pax2+/vimentin−/GFAP+ mature perinatal astrocytes. An earlier transient site of astrocyte generation was detected from E13 to E15 at the ventricular surface, but unlike the majority of retinal astrocytes that migrate into the retina starting at E15–E16, this ventricular source of retinal astrocytes were restricted to a small rim surrounding the optic nerve head. APCs and perinatal astrocytes were highly proliferative and migratory. Significant numbers of perinatal astrocytes were lost because of apoptosis, which was matched closely to the retraction of excess capillary segments during postnatal maturation of the retinal vasculature.ConclusionsThis study provides evidence of a second site of astrocyte generation at the ventricular zone early in embryonic development of the mammalian retinae. APCs are present from E16 to E20 only during perinatal development and are a highly migratory and proliferative cell. As the retina is considered a part of the central nervous system (CNS), this is the first in vivo characterization of cells of the astrocytic lineage in mammalian CNS development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Triple‐transgenic Alzheimer's disease mice exhibit region‐specific abnormalities in brain myelination patterns prior to appearance of amyloid and tau pathology
Authors: Desai Maya K. , Sudol Kelly L. , Janelsins Michelle C. , Mastrangelo Michael A. , Frazer Maria E. , Bowers William J. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressively debilitating brain disorder pathologically defined by extracellular amyloid plaques, intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic disintegrity. AD has not been widely considered a disease of white matter, but more recent evidence suggests the existence of abnormalities in myelination patterns and myelin attrition in AD‐afflicted human brains. Herein, we demonstrate that triple‐transgenic AD (3xTg‐AD) mice, which harbor the human amyloid precursor protein Swedish mutant transgene, presenilin knock‐in mutation, and tau P301L mutant transgene, exhibit significant region‐specific alterations in myelination patterns and in oligodendrocyte marker expression profiles at time points preceding the appearance of amyloid and tau pathology. These immunohistochemical signatures are coincident with age‐related alterations in axonal and myelin sheath ultrastructure as visualized by comparative electron microscopic examination of 3xTg‐AD and nontransgenic mouse brain tissue. Overall, these findings indicate that 3xTg‐AD mice represent a viable model in which to examine mechanisms underlying AD‐related myelination and neural transmission defects that occur early during presymptomatic stages of the disease process. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxidative and excitotoxic insults exert differential effects on spinal motoneurons and astrocytic glutamate transporters: Implications for the role of astrogliosis in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Zagami Chrissandra J. , Beart Philip M. , Wallis Nicole , Nagley Phillip , O'shea Ross D. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractIn amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) non‐neuronal cells play key roles in disease etiology and loss of motoneurons via noncell‐autonomous mechanisms. Reactive astrogliosis and dysfunctional transporters forL‐glutamate [excitatory amino acid transporters, (EAATs)] are hallmarks of ALS pathology. Here, we describe mechanistic insights into ALS pathology involving EAAT‐associated homeostasis in response to a destructive milieu, in which oxidative stress and excitotoxicity induce respectively astrogliosis and motoneuron injury. Using anin vitroneuronal‐glial culture of embryonic mouse spinal cord, we demonstrate that EAAT activity was maintained initially, despite a loss of cellular viability induced by exposure to oxidative [3‐morpholinosydnonimine chloride (SIN‐1)] and excitotoxic [(S)‐5‐fluorowillardiine (FW)] conditions. This homeostatic response of EAAT function involved no change in the cell surface expression of EAAT1/2 at 0.5–4 h, but rather alterations in kinetic properties. Over this time‐frame, EAAT1/2 both became more widespread across astrocytic arbors in concert with increased expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), although at 8–24 h there was gliotoxicity, especially with SIN‐1 rather than FW. An opposite picture was found for motoneurons where FW, not SIN‐1, produced early and extensive neuritic shrinkage and blebbing (≥0.5 h) with somata loss from 2 h. We postulate that EAATs play an early homeostatic and protective role in the pathologic milieu. Moreover, the differential profiles of injury produced by oxidative and excitotoxic insults identify two distinct phases of injury which parallel important aspects of the pathology of ALS. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuropsychological correlates of magnetic resonance imaging‐defined subcortical ischemic depression
Authors: Potter G. G. , McQuoid D. R. , Steffens D. C. , Welsh‐Bohmer K. A. , Krishnan K. R. R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractObjectiveThe goal of the current study was to examine the neuropsychological profile of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)‐defined subcortical ischemic depression (SID).MethodsClinically depressed older adults with MRI‐defined SID (n = 70) and depressed elders without SID (n = 75) were compared on neuropsychological performance, depression symptoms, and medical burden.ResultsGroup comparisons revealed that the SID was associated with worse performance on all neuropsychological measures, but also with greater age, higher cardiac illness burden, and greater deficits in the depression symptoms of self‐initiation and concentration. In multivariate regression models, auditory working memory and nonverbal memory remained worse among the SID group after controlling for contributions of age, cardiovascular risk, and depression symptoms.ConclusionsAlthough auditory working memory span and nonverbal memory appear to be specifically associated with the ischemic pathology that defines SID, the typical individual with SID is also likely to have a broader profile of neuropsychological deficits than those without SID because they are typically older and have specific depression symptoms that predispose them to compromised neurocognitive performance. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Decreased basal fMRI functional connectivity in epileptogenic networks and contralateral compensatory mechanisms
Authors: Bettus Gaelle , Guedj Eric , Joyeux Florian , Confort‐Gouny Sylviane , Soulier Elisabeth , Laguitton Virginie , Cozzone Patrick J. , Chauvel Patrick , Ranjeva Jean‐Philippe , Bartolomei Fabrice , Guye Maxime 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA better understanding of interstructure relationship sustaining drug‐resistant epileptogenic networks is crucial for surgical perspective and to better understand the consequences of epileptic processes on cognitive functions. We used resting‐state fMRI to study basal functional connectivity within temporal lobes in medial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) during interictal period. Two hundred consecutive single‐shot GE‐EPI acquisitions were acquired in 37 right‐handed subjects (26 controls, eight patients presenting with left and three patients with right MTLE). For each hemisphere, normalized correlation coefficients were computed between pairs of time‐course signals extracted from five regions involved in MTLE epileptogenic networks (Brodmann area 38, amygdala, entorhinal cortex (EC), anterior hippocampus (AntHip), and posterior hippocampus (PostHip)). In controls, an asymmetry was present with a global higher connectivity in the left temporal lobe. Relative to controls, the left MTLE group showed disruption of the left EC‐AntHip link, and a trend of decreased connectivity of the left AntHip‐PostHip link. In contrast, a trend of increased connectivity of the right AntHip‐PostHip link was observed and was positively correlated to memory performance. At the individual level, seven out of the eight left MTLE patients showed decreased or disrupted functional connectivity. In this group, four patients with left TLE showed increased basal functional connectivity restricted to the right temporal lobe spared by seizures onset. A reverse pattern was observed at the individual level for patients with right TLE. This is the first demonstration of decreased basal functional connectivity within epileptogenic networks with concomitant contralateral increased connectivity possibly reflecting compensatory mechanisms. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuronal modulation of auditory attention by informative and uninformative spatial cues
Authors: Mayer Andrew R. , Franco Alexandre R. , Harrington Deborah L. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractSounds provide important information about the spatial environment, including the location of approaching objects. Attention to sounds can be directed through automatic or more controlled processes, which have been well studied in the visual modality. However, little is known about the neural underpinnings of attentional control mechanisms for auditory signals. We studied healthy adults who underwent event‐related FMRI while performing a task that manipulated automatic and more controlled auditory orienting by varying the probability that cues correctly predicted target location. Specifically, we examined the effects of uninformative (50% validity ratio) and informative (75% validity ratio) auditory cues on reaction time (RT) and neuronal functioning. The stimulus‐onset asynchrony (SOA) between the cue and the target was either 100 or 800 ms. At the 100 ms SOA, RT was faster for valid than invalid trials for both cue types, and frontoparietal activation was greater for invalid than valid trials. At the 800 ms SOA, RT and functional activation depended on whether cues were informative or uninformative, and whether cues correctly or incorrectly predicted the target location. Contrary to our prediction, activation in a frontoparietal network was greater for uninformative than informative cues across several different comparisons and at both SOAs. This finding contrasts with similar research of visual orienting, and suggests that the auditory modality may be more biased toward automatic shifts of attention following uninformative cues. Hum Brain Mapp 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Toward the measure of virtual teams effectiveness
Authors: Trzcieliński Stefan , Wypych‐Żółtowska Monika 
Published: July 2008

AbstractVirtual teams can be an alternative to colocated teams and they are inevitable when the members of team are significantly dispersed. Quite often when team members are dispersed there is a necessity to arrange either face‐to‐face (FTF) meetings or their substitute—videoconferencing sessions. Such cases take place in multinational corporations. In one of them from the automotive industry, we examined the cost‐effectiveness of arranging meetings of team members in the form of FTF or videoconferencing sessions. For this purpose, a mathematical model has been elaborated. This model can be a useful tool for choosing between creating a colocated or virtual team as well as about the form of meeting of virtual team members. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Political ergonomics, macroergonomic battles
Authors: Pacholski Leszek , Piotrowski Krzysztof 
Published: July 2008

AbstractHumanocentric‐oriented social and technological systems have to be perceived as the main source of technological advancement. This source it so attractive that from the point of view of acquisition possibilities it captures the attention of not only business people but also political incumbents who (according to Buchanan's theory) want to satisfy their particular interests. A characteristic feature of social and technological systems is their competitive market position.Taking over these systems by political lobbies with the legitimate usage of intended violence is an example of a contemporary macroergonomic battle. Both of Clausewitz's objectives of war are present: a political objective that is forcing the community that makes up the system to fulfill the politically determined will of the party taking over, and a military objective consisting of an attempt of the moral, social, or even physical destruction of the system leader and its direct coworkers.This article presents a specific example: a case study of a macroergonomic battle fought with a big industrial enterprise. This study serves as a starting point for general methodological premises pertaining to an effective strategy of fighting a macroergonomic battle. The essence of this strategy is learning three so‐called exogenic levers of occasional acquisition. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The influence of production planners and schedulers at manufacturing and commercial interfaces
Authors: Berglund Martina , Guinery Jane 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article describes empirical research undertaken to identify how production planners and schedulers in manufacturing businesses exert influence on employees in production and commercial departments. Through the analysis of observations and interviews conducted in four case studies, sources of power were identified and categorized. It was found that although production planners and schedulers often did not have formal authority, in practice they had considerable influence. In the main, their sources of influence resided in their access to information, company agendas, and influential arenas, as well as their knowledge and social skills. The discussion draws from the findings examining influencing behaviors and considering their implications. The findings inform associated research on the processes, behaviors, and roles that schedulers and planners perform at functional interfaces, in support of effective and responsive order fulfillment. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Human factors in quality management
Authors: Mantura Władysław 
Published: July 2008

AbstractThis article shows the results of research regarding the importance and the role of human factors in quality management in production enterprises. In creating the concept of systematizations of human factors in quality management an anthropocentrism rule was accepted and resulting from it a category of life quality. Acceptance of this rule led to a multiaspect and comprehensive approach to human factors in quality management. An interpretation of the notion of quality was made, adequate to needs, goals, and requirements of a human. Additionally, a cybernetic model of quality management system was elaborated. Human factors was exhibited in the manager's and executor's roles in quality management systems in enterprise as well as to the roles of creators, producers, and users (customers) in product life cycles. An existence of human factors in ISO norms regarding quality management, work safety, and hygiene management and environment management was also shown. The objective of this article is a comprehensive identification and systematization of aspects of human factors in quality management. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Observations and model estimates of diurnal water temperature dynamics in mosquito breeding sites in western Kenya
Authors: Paaijmans K. P. , Jacobs A. F. G. , Takken W. , Heusinkveld B. G. , Githeko A. K. , Dicke M. , Holtslag A. A. M. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractWater temperature is an important determinant of the growth and development of malaria mosquito immatures. To gain a better understanding of the daily temperature dynamics of malaria mosquito breeding sites and of the relationships between meteorological variables and water temperature, three clear water pools (diameter × depth: 0·16 × 0·04, 0·32 × 0·16 and 0·96 × 0·32 m) were created in Kenya. Continuous water temperature measurements at various depths were combined with weather data collections from a meteorological station. The water pools were homothermic, but the top water layer differed by up to about 2 °C in temperature, depending on weather conditions. Although the daily mean temperature of all water pools was similar (27·4–28·1 °C), the average recorded difference between the daily minimum and maximum temperature was 14·4 °C in the smallest versus 7·1 °C in the largest water pool. Average water temperature corresponded well with various meteorological variables. The temperature of each water pool was continuously higher than the air temperature. A model was developed that predicts the diurnal water temperature dynamics accurately, based on the estimated energy budget components of these water pools. The air–water interface appeared the most important boundary for energy exchange processes and on average 82–89% of the total energy was gained and lost at this boundary. Besides energy loss to longwave radiation, loss due to evaporation was high; the average estimated daily evaporation ranged from 4·2 mm in the smallest to 3·7 mm in the largest water pool. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A framework to estimate sediment loads using distributions with covariates: Beaurivage River watershed (Québec, Canada)
Authors: Mailhot A. , Rousseau A. N. , Talbot G. , Gagnon P. , Quilbé R. 
Published: July 2008

AbstractA framework to estimate sediment loads based on the statistical distribution of sediment concentrations and various functional forms relating distribution characteristics (e.g. mean and variance) to covariates is developed. The covariates are used as surrogates to represent the main processes involved in sediment generation and transport. Statistical models of increasing complexity are built and compared to assess their relative performance using available sediment concentration and covariate data. Application to the Beaurivage River watershed (Québec, Canada) is conducted using data for the 1989–2004 period. The covariates considered in this application are streamflow and calendar day. A comparison of different statistical models shows that, in this case, the log‐normal distribution with a mean value depending on streamflow (power law with an additive term) and calendar day (sinusoidal), a constant coefficient of variation for streamflow dependence and a constant standard deviation for calendar day dependence provide the best result. Model parameters are estimated using the maximum likelihood estimation technique. The selected model is then used to estimate the distribution of annual sediment loads for the Beaurivage River watershed for a selected period. A bootstrap parametric method is implemented to account for uncertainties in parameter values and to build the distributions of annual loads. Comparison of model results with estimates obtained using the empirical ratio estimator shows that the latter were rarely within the 0·1–0·9 quantile interval of the distributions obtained with the proposed approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The eukaryotic translation elongation factor eEF1A2 induces neoplastic properties and mediates tumorigenic effects of ZNF217 in precursor cells of human ovarian carcinomas
Authors: Sun Yu , Wong Nicholas , Guan Yinghui , Salamanca Clara M. , Cheng Jung Chien , Lee Jonathan M. , Gray Joe W. , Auersperg Nelly 
Published: July 2008

AbstractOvarian epithelial carcinomas (OECs) frequently exhibit amplifications at the 20q13 locus which is the site of several oncogenes, including the eukaryotic elongation factor EEF1A2 and the transcription factor ZNF217. We reported previously that overexpressed ZNF217 induces neoplastic characteristics in precursor cells of OEC. Unexpectedly, ZNF217, which is a transcriptional repressor, enhanced expression of eEF1A2. In our study, array comparative genomic hybridization, single nucleotide polymorphism and Affymetrix analysis of ZNF217‐overexpressing cell lines confirmed consistently increased expression of eEF1A2 but not of other oncogenes, and revealed early changes in EEF1A2 gene copy numbers and increased expression at crisis during immortalization. We defined the influence of eEF1A2 overexpression on immortalized ovarian surface epithelial cells, and investigated interrelationships between effects of ZNF217 and eEF1A2 on cellular phenotypes. Lentivirally induced eEF1A2 overexpression caused delayed crisis, apoptosis resistance and increases in serum‐independence, saturation densities and anchorage independence. siRNA to eEF1A2 reversed apoptosis resistance and reduced anchorage independence in eEF1A2‐overexpressing lines. Remarkably, siRNA to eEF1A2 was equally efficient in inhibiting both anchorage independence and resistance to apoptosis conferred by ZNF217 overexpression. Our data define neoplastic properties that are caused by eEF1A2 in nontumorigenic ovarian cancer precursor cells, and suggest that eEF1A2 plays a role in mediating ZNF217‐induced neoplastic progression. Published 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Population‐based prevalence, type‐ and age‐specific distribution of HPV in women before introduction of an HPV‐vaccination program in Denmark
Authors: Kjær Susanne K. , Breugelmans Gabrielle , Munk Christian , Junge Jette , Watson Michael , Iftner Thomas 
Published: July 2008

AbstractKnowledge about the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) on a population level is important. We conducted a large population‐based study in Denmark to determine the overall and age‐specific HPV prevalence, and HPV type distribution in women. Liquid‐based cytology samples (SurePath®) were collected consecutively. HPV testing was performed with Hybrid Capture 2 (HC2; Digene) (high‐risk and low‐risk probes), and LiPA (Innogenetics) was used for genotyping. We analyzed samples from 11,617 women; 94.0% had normal cytology, 4.3% atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and 1.6% had high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL). The HPV prevalence was 26.4% with a peak in women 20–24 years (50.2%) and then decreased without a second peak in older women. Among the youngest women (15–19 years), 14% had HPV 16/18 and 16% had HPV 6/11. Prevalence of high‐risk HPV types increased from 19.2% in women with normal cytology to 100% in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3)/cervical cancer. HPV 16 was the most prevalent type (6.0% of all women), and was also the most prevalent in women with HSIL (35.1%) and CIN3 (53.2%). Other common HPV types in women with CIN3 included HPV 52, 51, 31, 33 and 18. HPV 16/18 alone was present in 23% of CIN3 lesions and 67% of cervical cancers, and HPV 16/18 together with other high‐risk HPV types was present in 41% of CIN3 lesions. This suggests that an efficacious HPV 16/18 vaccine will have a substantial preventive potential in the general female population. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.