bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Catalyzer: a novel tool for integrating, managing and publishing heterogeneous bioscience data
Authors: Howell F. W. , Cannon R. C. , Goddard N. H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe integrative ambitions of systems biology and neuroinformatics—to construct working models of the machinery of living cells and brains—will flounder unless researchers have access to the huge amounts of diverse experimental data being collected. However, the vast majority of bioscience research data that is gathered is never made available to other researchers, partly for the want of an adequate software for annotating experimental data, and partly for social reasons (researchers are rarely rewarded for publishing the actual data sets—just for journal articles summarizing findings).We have developed a novel software solution aimed at making it simpler for researchers to annotate and publish their research data. The first part of this solution is a desktop application, Catalyzer, which lets researchers structure their data at source, and complements existing ad hoc solutions in use in labs (including cryptic filenames, Word, Excel, paper lab books) while being simpler and more flexible than relational databases, which are too complex for most bioscience researchers to set up. The catalogs produced by Catalyzer are stored in XML with a user defined schema, which will simplify future data mining efforts across large numbers of distributed data sets. The approach can be summarized as ‘structure at source, integrate as required’, with the initial focus on enabling the researchers to structure their own research data; only then will other researchers be able to integrate across data sets. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Service‐oriented architecture on the Grid for integrated fault diagnostics
Authors: Ren X. , Ong M. , Allan G. , Kadirkamanathan V. , Thompson H. A. , Fleming P. J. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractFor industrial fault diagnostics, many model‐based fault diagnosis approaches have been proposed so far and some of them have been put into practice. However, for modern complex processes, owing to the variable nature of faults and model uncertainty, no single method can diagnose all faults and meet different contradictory criteria. In this paper, the importance of integration of different fault detection and isolation schemes in a generic problem‐solving environment is emphasized. A service‐oriented architecture for the integration is proposed, based on Grid technologies. As an engineering implementation, a decision support system for the gas turbine engine fault diagnosis is presented and some deployed services are discussed. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Supporting scientific discovery processes in Discovery Net
Authors: Syed Jameel , Ghanem Moustafa , Guo Yike 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe activity of e‐Science involves making discoveries by analysing data to find new knowledge. Discoveries of value cannot be made by simply performing a pre‐defined set of steps to produce a result. Rather, there is an original, creative aspect to the activity that by its nature cannot be automated. In addition to finding new knowledge, discovery therefore also concerns finding a process to find new knowledge. How discovery processes are modelled is therefore key to effectively practicing e‐Science. We argue that since a discovery process instance serves a similar purpose to a mathematical proof it should have similar properties, namely it allows results to be deterministically reproduced when re‐executed and that intermediate results can be viewed to aid examination and comprehension. We examine the issues involved for software environments used to make discoveries to preserve these properties, and show how they are tackled in the Discovery Net system. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Parallel Image Processing Environment (PIPE): automated parallelization of satellite data analyses
Authors: Simpson James J. , McIntire Timothy J. , Berg Jared S. , Tsou Yueh Lung (Ben) 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA Beowulf‐type cluster can: (1) mitigate many issues associated with the analysis of large, complex remotely sensed data sets; (2) shorten the response time of operational agencies to crisis‐management situations; and (3) expedite the reanalysis of large archives of satellite data. Whereas most Beowulf‐type designs support modeling applications, the Parallel Image Processing Environment (PIPE) addresses the unique requirements of remote sensing applications. PIPE has four hierarchical layers: hardware, operating system, middleware and applications. Rocks, a middleware sublayer, manages the cluster. DIAL‐developed interprocess communication and control daemons form the second middleware sublayer. They encapsulate user‐defined applications and thereby support automated, user‐transparent parallelization of satellite data analyses, implemented in the applications layer using generalized constructs. The daemons also monitor resource (computational and I/O) utilization on a node/thread basis, a feature not supported by other generally available monitoring utilities. The application support libraries are fully extensible, facilitate the reuse of modular and commonly used software functions in new applications and thereby reduce both the cost and time to implement new applications. Two applications (signal analysis, image classification) show PIPE's versatility and performance characteristics. PIPE is intrinsically scalable, reliable and can be incrementally implemented. A comparison with other embarrassingly parallel systems is also provided. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Alterations in alveolar epithelium differentiation and vasculogenesis in lungs of LIF/IGF‐I double deficient embryos
Authors: Moreno‐Barriuso Nuria , López‐Malpartida Ana V. , de Pablo Flora , Pichel José G. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractPrevious studies on double deficient mice for leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and insulin‐like growth factor I (IGF‐I) reported that they died of respiratory failure, with abnormal lung histology and altered expression of pulmonary markers. Here we analyzed prenatal Lif/Igf‐I double mutant mouse embryos to characterize LIF and IGF‐I cooperative roles in distal lung epithelium and vascular maturation. Lungs of IGF‐I‐deficient embryos displayed a higher proportion of type II pneumocytes, less differentiated type I pneumocytes, and failure in alveolar capillary remodeling compared to wild type and LIF‐deficient mice. Lif/Igf‐I double knockout lungs showed aggravated pulmonary hypoplasia, lower airway volume, increased proliferation, and elevated levels of ERK1/2 activation. In addition, their alveoli were collapsed and lined by type II cells. The differentiation of type I cells barely occurred and capillaries remained in the abundant mesenchyme. These results indicate that LIF collaborates with IGF‐I in lung alveolar epithelium and vascular maturation. Developmental Dynamics 235:2040–2050, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The zebrafish bHLH PAS transcriptional regulator, single‐minded 1 (sim1), is required for isotocin cell development
Authors: Eaton Jennifer L. , Glasgow Eric 
Published: May 2006

AbstractA wide range of physiological and behavioral processes, such as social, sexual, and maternal behaviors, learning and memory, and osmotic homeostasis are influenced by the neurohypophysial peptides oxytocin and vasopressin. Disruptions of these hormone systems have been linked to several neurobehavioral disorders, including autism, Prader‐Willi syndrome, affective disorders, and obsessive‐compulsive disorder. Studies in zebrafish promise to reveal the complex network of regulatory genes and signaling pathways that direct the development of oxytocin‐ and vasopressin‐like neurons, and provide insight into factors involved in brain disorders associated with disruption of these systems. Isotocin, which is homologous to oxytocin, is expressed early, in a simple pattern in the developing zebrafish brain. Single‐minded 1 (sim1), a member of the bHLH‐PAS family of transcriptional regulatory genes, is required for terminal differentiation of mammalian oxytocin cells and is a master regulator of neurogenesis in Drosophila. Here we show that sim1 is expressed in the zebrafish forebrain and is required for isotocin cell development. The expression pattern of sim1 mRNA in the embryonic forebrain is dynamic and complex, and overlaps with isotocin expression in the preoptic area. We provide evidence that the role of sim1 in zebrafish neuroendocrine cell development is evolutionarily conserved with that of mammals. Developmental Dynamics 235:2071–2082, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Catalyst Preparation by Electroless Plating and Hydrogen Direct Reduction Methods: Practical Application for a High Cell Performance PEFC
Authors: Fujii T. , Ito M. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractHigh performance Pt catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) were prepared by both the electroless plating and hydrogen direct reduction methods. The catalysts were then characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and cell performance testing. Both methods exhibited superior cell performance compared to the conventional impregnation preparation method. The catalysts that consisted of too many large platinum particles showed remarkably poor cell output compared to the catalysts with smaller platinum particles. Platinum particles less than 2 nm in diameter exhibited an excellent power density per unit of Pt catalyst loading.
Importance of molecular analysis in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Elsheikh Mohamed N. , Rinaldo Alessandra , Hamakawa Hiroyuki , Mahfouz Magdy E. , Rodrigo Juan Pablo , Brennan Joseph , Devaney Kenneth O. , Grandis Jennifer R. , Ferlito Alfio 
Published: May 2006

AbstractBackground.Because of the impact of nodal status on treatment and survival in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, accurate staging of cervical lymph nodes is critical. This article explores the value of molecular analyses in the detection of cervical lymph node metastasis.Methods.A review of the literature was carried out and combined with our own experience regarding the role of molecular analyses in detecting cervical lymph node metastasis.Results.Few studies have demonstrated the diagnostic and prognostic relevance of molecular analysis in detecting tumor cells in lymph nodes. Nodal staging was improved by the use of molecular techniques; when compared with histopathologic examination, however, the small sample size of these studies did not allow definitive conclusions.Conclusions.Molecular analysis is exquisitely sensitive in detecting very small cancer deposits within lymph nodes. It provides an oncologic basis that may be used to guide therapy and influence outcomes. It should be recommended for diagnostic use in controlled studies of patients without evidence of lymph node metastasis on routine hematoxylin–eosin–stained sections. The clinical significance of these types of metastases, however, must be determined with carefully designed and controlled prospective clinical trials. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2006
Differential activation and block of peripheral nerve fibers by magnetic fields
Authors: Olree Kenneth S. , Horch Kenneth W. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe ability to noninvasively and reversibly block conduction in peripheral nerves would have several clinical applications. As an initial step in this direction, we investigated the possibility of magnetically generating and differentially blocking activity in mammalian peripheral nerve fibers in vitro. Compound action potentials at each end of individual explanted phrenic nerves were recorded in response to currents induced at the midpoint of the nerve with an externally placed magnetic coil. Current in the coil was then reversed and the recordings repeated. In all cases, the area under the compound action potential on the virtual anode side of the magnetic stimulus was reduced (mean of 18.2 ± 8.8%) in comparison to the area on the virtual cathode side. This indicates that peripheral nerve activity can be differentially induced by magnetic stimulation. Extension of this effect to the point of generating unidirectional action potentials in vivo may prove clinically useful in a number of contexts, such as reducing contractures secondary to spasticity and generating magnetically induced anesthesia in limbs. Further investigations of this effect seem warranted. Muscle Nerve, 2006
TEM analyses of wurtzite InGaN islands grown by MOVPE and MBE
Authors: Pretorius A. , Yamaguchi T. , Kübel C. , Kröger R. , Hommel D. , Rosenauer A. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe microstructure and composition of InGaN islands is analysed by transmission electron microscopy. Island samples were grown by metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy and molecular beam epitaxy, exhibiting different microstructures. Differences of the In concentration in the islands are discussed with respect to the observed relaxation of the islands. Furthermore the capping of molecular beam epitaxially grown island samples with GaN is investigated, showing a pronounced dissolution already at a nominal cap layer thickness of 2 nm. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Carrier lifetime and diffusion in GaN epilayers grown by MEMOCVDTM
Authors: Tamulaitis G. , Mickevičius J. , Shur M. S. , Qhalid Fareed R. S. , Zhang J. P. , Gaska R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractCarrier lifetimes in GaN epilayers are studied by using time‐resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) and light‐induced transient grating (LITG) techniques. It is shown that the photoluminescence decay can be described by two coupled exponents with characteristic decay times equal to the carrier lifetime and to the half of the carrier lifetime. Both carrier lifetime and diffusion coefficient have been estimated by using LITG technique. For samples with lifetimes shorter than ∼1 ns, the epilayers with lower mobilities have longer lifetimes so that the diffusion length is nearly constant. This correlation is due to the nonradiative recombination of the carriers at defects probably related to dislocations and having approximately the same density in different samples under study. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optical characterization of GaN microcavity fabricated by wet etching
Authors: Lu C.‐Y. , Wang S.‐L. , Wu H.‐M. , Peng L.‐H. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe report a novel technique to fabricate gallium nitride (GaN) microcavities by combining the methods of photo‐enhanced wet chemical oxidation and crystallographic etching. Such GaN microcavities exhibit mirror‐like vertical facets composing of {1100}GaN and various gemoetry of hexagonal, trigonal and cylindrical shapes. The emission spectra of the GaN micro‐cavities are found in resonance with the whispering gallery (WG) modes when pumped with a 266 nm Nd:YAG laser. The signatures of GaN microcavities were further characterized by an increase of the WG mode spacing with the reduced device size and suppression of the side mode emission intensity with pump intensity. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparative optical studies on violet InGaN quantum well laser diode structures grown on sapphire and GaN substrates
Authors: Hwang J. S. , Choi J. W. , Gokarna A. , Cho Y. H. , Son J. K. , Lee S. N. , Sakong T. , Paek H. S. , Nam O. H. , Park Y. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractWe have investigated the optical properties of violet InxGa1–xN/InyGa1–yN multiple quantum well laser diode structures grown on sapphire and GaN substrates by means of photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and time‐resolved PL spectroscopy. The PL result shows a red‐shift behavior of the emissions from GaN capping layer and the 10‐nm‐thick InyGa1–yN barriers on the GaN substrate due to the reduction of residual compressive strain. On the other hand, we have observed a blue shift of the PL emission from the 4‐nm‐thick InxGa1–xN wells for the samples grown on GaN substrates. This can be attributed to the reduction of strain‐induced piezoelectric field between InxGa1–xN wells and InyGa1–yN barriers due to the direct growth on GaN substrates, which is confirmed by a reduction of the Stokes‐like shift between InxGa1–xN PL and its absorption edge and a decrease in overall decay lifetimes for the samples grown on GaN substrates. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Photoelectrochemical sidewall etching enhances light output power in GaN‐based light emitting diodes
Authors: Lin C. F. , Dai J. J. , Jiang R. H. , Zheng J. H. , Yang Z. J. , Yu C. C. , Lee W. C. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractInGaN/GaN multi‐quantum‐well light‐emitting diodes (MQW LEDs) are grown through a metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) System. The fabricated GaN‐based LED wafers are treated with a photoelectrochemical (PEC) wet etching process using a Hg lamp illumination and KOH solution. The band‐gap selected wet etching process of InGaN/GaN MQW layer was observed from the mesa sidewall between the p‐type and n‐type GaN interface which has the 4.2 (m/hr lateral etching rate. The emission wavelength of the etching treated LED and standard LED were located at 458 nm. The light output power of the PEC etching LED had 2.04, 5.94, and 1.73 times enhancement measured from the from‐side, lateral‐direction, and back‐side compared with the standard ones. The light output power have stronger enhancement caused by forming the triangle‐shaped air holes located at the active layer region, grain‐like roughening surface and nano‐scale triangle pits on the mesa sidewall. The light scattering by this roughening sidewall was increased to enhance the light extraction efficiency. This PEC sidewall etching process is suitable for high power Nitride‐based LEDs lighting applications. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Study on influence of atomic hydrogen irradiation on growth and property of N‐polarity InN
Authors: Che Song‐Bek , Akasaka Koichiro , Ishitani Yoshihiro , Yoshikawa Akihiko 
Published: May 2006

AbstractEpitaxial growth of N‐polarity InN films under atomic‐hydrogen irradiation was systematically investigated. It was found that any difference could not be observed in electron concentrations of InN films with and without the atomic‐H irradiation, where typical residual carrier concentrations were from 3 to 5×1018 cm–3. These results suggest that the atomic H may not be an origin of residual donors at least in the InN films with carrier concentrations of 3‐5×1018 cm–3. On the other hand, the atomic‐H irradiation was effective in improving surface morphology of the InN films, which suggested an effect of surfactant on InN epitaxy. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Fabrication and characterization of InGaN resonant‐cavity light‐emitting diodes on silicon substrates
Authors: Huang Shih‐Yung , Horng Ray‐Hua , Wang Wei‐Kai , Wuu Don‐Sing 
Published: May 2006

AbstractGaN‐based resonant‐cavity light‐emitting diodes (RCLEDs) have been fabricated on Si substrates by a combination of laser lift‐off and wafer bonding techniques. The RCLED structure consisted of an InGaN/GaN multiple‐quantum‐well active layer between the top (5‐pairs) and bottom (7.5‐pairs) dielectric TiO2/SiO2 distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) with an optical reflectance of 85 and 99.9%, respectively. The cavity mode of the RCLED shows a linewidth of 5.5 nm at a main emission peak at 525 nm. The emission full width at half maximum can decrease from 48 to 35 nm, indicating the effect of the DBR microcavity. The quality factor for this resonant cavity structure was estimated to be approximately 100. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Influence of stacking on optical characteristics of GaN/AlN self‐organized quantum dots
Authors: Kwon B. J. , Hwang J. S. , Kwack H. S. , Cho Y. H. , Gogneau N. , Daudin B. , Dang Le Si 
Published: May 2006

AbstractThe effect of stacking on the optical properties of self‐organized GaN/AlN quantum dots (QDs) grown by plasma‐assisted molecular beam epitaxy was investigated by photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), and cathodoluminescence (CL) spectroscopic techniques. With an increase in the number of the GaN QDs stacking layer, we observed a red shift in the main QD PL peaks. A Stokes‐like shift was observed between PL emission and PLE absorption edge for all the samples. From the depth‐resolved CL of a 200‐period GaN QD sample, we observed that the main QD CL emission peak energy position does not change much, while the higher‐energy side CL peak around ∼3.7 eV shows a variation of its peak position with the accelerating voltage probably due to the change in either distribution of QD size/shape or wetting layer properties during the growth of multiple stacking of GaN QDs. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Wet‐Milling of Grain Sorghum of Varying Seed Size Without Steeping
Authors: Xie Xueju J. , Liang Yun Teh S. , Seib Paul A. , Tuinstra Mitchell R. 
Published: May 2006

AbstractExperimental lines of hybrid grain sorghums were produced with thousand‐kernel‐weights (TKW) varying between 23.1–44.9 g. The proportion of germ in the normal‐seeded hybrids with TKW 23–27 g was ∼ 9.9–10.2% of dry kernel weight, whereas that in the large‐seeded hybrids with TKW 37–45 g was ∼ 10.8–11.2%. Starch in grain decreased ∼ 4% as kernel weight increased which was offset by an increase in protein level. Wet‐milling of the grain was done without steeping after an initial coarse‐grinding step in two parts of water with 0.3% sodium bisulfite. Three of four samples of large‐seeded and soft‐textured grain sorghums gave 77–82% recovery of starch with 0.5–0.7% protein, while one gave 59% recovery and 0.6% protein. The starches had < 0.5% damaged starch, gave no rancid off‐odor after storing 26 months at 25°C in a sealed glass container, and had lightness (L*) values of 93.1–93.7 vs. 95.2 for a commercial corn starch. Their pasting curves were similar to that of commercial corn starch. The bran/germ/endosperm fraction obtained by limited wet‐milling of one large‐seeded hybrid was separated by flotation to recover one‐half the germ in 98% purity as estimated by fat content.