bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Utility of trapezius EMG for diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Sonoo Masahiro , Kuwabara Satoshi , Shimizu Toshio , Komori Tetsuo , Hirashima Fumiko , Inaba Akira , Hatanaka Yuki , Misawa Sonoko , Kugio Yumiko ,   The Tokyo Metropolitan Neuromuscular Electrodiagnosis Study Group
Published: December 2008

AbstractNeedle electromyography (EMG) of the tongue is traditionally used as a key to the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), although relaxation of the tongue is often difficult to achieve. Recently, frequent abnormalities in the EMGs of the sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and upper trapezius muscles in ALS have been reported. To elucidate the diagnostic utility of these muscles we performed a multicenter prospective study to examine EMGs of the tongue (genioglossus), SCM, and trapezius in 104 ALS or suspected ALS patients. We also examined EMGs of the SCM and trapezius in 32 cervical spondylosis (CS) patients. We mainly evaluated fibrillation potentials/positive sharp waves (Fib/PSWs) and fasciculation potentials. Complete relaxation was achieved in 85% of ALS patients in the trapezius, but in only 6% of patients in the tongue. Fib/PSWs were observed in 8%, 13%, and 45% of ALS patients in the tongue, SCM, and trapezius, respectively, whereas fasciculation potentials were observed in 1%, 7%, and 39%, respectively. Abnormal spontaneous activity of any type was found in 9%, 17%, and 63% of patients, respectively. The high frequency of abnormal spontaneous activity in the trapezius was similar among the different diagnostic categories, and even 72% of clinically suspected ALS (progressive muscular atrophy) patients showed them in their trapezius. We did not observe Fib/PSWs or fasciculation potentials in any of our CS patients, thus these findings have excellent specificity. Tongue EMG added little utility over the clinical sign of tongue atrophy. Abnormal spontaneous activity in the trapezius would be more useful for the early diagnosis of ALS. Muscle Nerve 39: 63–70, 2009
Accelerating adaptive trade‐off model using shrinking space technique for constrained evolutionary optimization
Authors: Wang Yong , Cai Zixing , Zhou Yuren 
Published: December 2008

AbstractAdaptive trade‐off model (ATM) is a constraint‐handling mechanism proposed recently. The main advantages of this model are its simplicity and adaptation. Moreover, it can be easily embedded into evolutionary algorithms for solving constrained optimization problems. This paper proposes a novel method for constrained optimization, which aims at accelerating the ATM using shrinking space technique. Eighteen benchmark test functions and five engineering design problems are used to test the performance of the method proposed. Experimental results suggest that combining the ATM with the shrinking space technique is very beneficial. The method proposed can promptly converge to competitive results without loss of the quality and the precision of the final results. Performance comparisons with some other state‐of‐the‐art approaches from the literature are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Rigid plastic model of incremental sheet deformation using second‐order cone programming
Authors: Raithatha A. , Duncan S. R. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper describes a method for numerically modelling the incremental plastic deformation of shells and applies the method to incremental sheet forming (ISF). An upper bound finite element shell model is developed based on sequential limit analysis under the rigid plastic assumption, which is solved by manipulating the problem into the form of a second‐order cone program (SOCP). Initially, the static upper bound plate problem is investigated and the results are compared with the existing literature. The approach is then extended to a shell formulation using a linearized form of the Ilyushin yield condition and two methods for treating the Ilyushin condition are presented. The model is solved efficiently using SOCP software. The resulting model shows good geometric agreement when validated against an elasto‐plastic model produced using existing commercial software and with measurements from a real product produced using ISF. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sleep patterns and psychological distress in women living in an inner city
Authors: Caldwell Barbara A. , Redeker Nancy S. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractPsychological distress, including symptoms of anxiety, depression, and psychological trauma, is common in women living in inner cities and can be associated with disturbed sleep. The purposes of the study of 115 women were to examine: (a) objective and subjective sleep patterns; (b) extent of psychological distress; and (c) the relationship between objective and subjective sleep patterns and psychological distress. Wrist actigraphs were worn. High levels of life stress, sleep pattern disturbance, and psychological distress were common. Self‐reported sleep patterns, but not objective sleep pattern variables, explained 12.5% to 44% of the variance in psychological distress, suggesting the importance of screening for sleep and psychological distress. These findings suggest that interventions focusing on sleep or psychological distress may reduce symptoms. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:177–190, 2009
Effect of a creative‐bonding intervention on Taiwanese nursing students' self‐transcendence and attitudes toward elders
Authors: Chen Shiue , Walsh Sandra M. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractNursing students worldwide have little interest in caring for a growing elder population. The purpose of this study, based on self‐transcendence theory, was to test the effectiveness of a creative‐bonding intervention (CBI) to promote self‐transcendence and positive attitudes towards elders in Taiwanese nursing students. A quasi‐experimental design was used to compare a CBI group (n = 100) with a friendly visit (FV) control group (n = 94). ANCOVA results indicated that after the intervention, the CBI group had significantly more positive attitudes towards elders than the FV group. Nursing school faculty may want to promote art‐making activities between students and elders to foster students' interest in elder care. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Res Nurs Health 32:204–216, 2009
Late relapsing Wilms tumor with rhabdomyomatous differentiation
Authors: Pinarli Faruk Güçlü , Oğuz Aynur , Karadeniz Ceyda , Poyraz Aylar , Konuş Öznur , Çıtak Çağlar 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe authors report a patient with abdominally relapsed Wilms tumor with rhabdomyomatous differentiation leading to renal failure and death 9 years after the initial diagnosis. The patient was treated with intensive chemotherapy because of inoperable tumor but no response was obtained. The prognosis of children with Wilms tumor relapsed in abdomen and in previously irradiated fields is poor and intensive chemotherapy protocols for differentiated tumors after chemotherapy will increase the risk of complications without obvious benefit. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2009;52:675–677. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of the rigid spacer to macrocyclization of poly(thialactones): synthesis and computational analysis
Authors: Vujasinović Ines , Mlinarić‐Majerski Kata , Bertoša Branimir , Tomić Sanja 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFormation of macrocyclic lactones 8‐19 by ring‐opening condensation of corresponding stannathianes 1‐4 with diacyl dichlorides 5‐7 was studied experimentally and theoretically. The cyclization reactions afforded mixtures of corresponding monomers (M), dimers (D), and trimers (T). In order to rationalize the influence of type and size of the spacer on the products ratio in the M‐D‐T mixtures we performed a force field based molecular modeling study. Monte Carlo conformational search was conducted and lowest energy conformations in chloroform were determined. Results of the molecular modeling in combination with the assumed kinetic parameters enabled better understanding of the experimentally obtained composition of the M‐D‐T‐mixtures. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Investigation of ABn (n = 2, 4) type hyperbranched polymerization with cyclization and steric factors: Influences of monomer concentration, reactivity, and substitution effect
Authors: Wang Long , He Xuehao 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe 3D bond fluctuation lattice model is extendedly developed to explore ABn (n = 2, 4) type hyperbranched polymerizations with the considerations of intramolecular rings, steric factors, diffusion of molecules, and polymer chain relaxation. In the case of zero activation energy, number‐ and weight‐average degrees of polymerization and polydispersity index (PI) increase with the rise of monomer concentration and their maximal values are finite. The average fraction of branching point (FB), initially elevates with the increase of monomer concentration and then decreases at high concentration at full conversion of A groups. In the case of nonzero activation energy, the PI increases slowly with the decrease of reaction activity, but the average FB keeps nearly unchanging. The influence of substitution effect on PI and FB are also confirmed in simulation. The simulation results show excellent agreement with experimental data and are helpful to make great progress in prediction for ABn type hyperbranched polymerizations. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 523–533, 2009
N‐methylpicolinium derivatives as the coinitiators in photoinitiating systems for vinyl monomers polymerization
Authors: Kabatc Janina , Pączkowski Jerzy 
Published: December 2008

AbstractFive N‐methylpicolinium derivatives were investigated to test their abilities to function as second coinitiators in free radical photopolymerization initiated by N,N′‐diethylcarbocyanine—n‐butyltriphenylborate photoredox pair (P19B2). As it is shown by the kinetic data, an addition of picolinium derivatives into P19B2 photoinitiating system visibly increases the efficiency of photoinitiation. The results suggest that the rates of photoinitiation depend on the rate of the picolyl radicals formation. The redox potentials of tested N‐methylpicolinium derivatives were measured and the calculation of free energy change for the possible electron transfer reactions between all components of the system (both stable and transient individuals) was performed. The results suggest that cyanine dyes are able to start a specific chain of an electron transfer reactions involving different coinitiators (borate salt and N‐alkylpicolinium derivatives), giving as a result one photon—two‐radicals photochemical response. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 576–588, 2009
Larvicidal and oviposition‐altering activity of monoterpenoids, trans‐anithole and rosemary oil to the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: Waliwitiya Ranil , Kennedy Christopher J , Lowenberger Carl A 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti L. is the major vector of dengue fever and dengue hemorrhagic fever. In an effort to find effective tools for control programs to reduce mosquito populations, the authors assessed the acute toxicities of 14 monoterpenoids, trans‐anithole and the essential oil of rosemary against different larval stages of Ae. aegypti. The potential for piperonyl butoxide (PBO) to act as a synergist for these compounds to increase larvicidal activity was also examined, and the oviposition response of gravid Ae. aegypti females to substrates containing these compounds was evaluated in behavioral bioassays.RESULTS: Pulegone, thymol, eugenol, trans‐anithole, rosemary oil and citronellal showed high larvicidal activity against all larval stages of Ae. aegypti (LC50 values 10.3–40.8 mg L−1). The addition of PBO significantly increased the larvicidal activity of all test compounds (3–250‐fold). Eugenol, citronellal, thymol, pulegone, rosemary oil and cymene showed oviposition deterrent and/or repellent activities, while the presence of borneol, camphor and β‐pinene increased the number of eggs laid in test containers.CONCLUSIONS: This study quantified the lethal and sublethal effects of several phytochemical compounds against all larval stages of Aedes aegypti, providing information that ultimately may have potential in mosquito control programs through acute toxicity and/or the ability to alter reproductive behaviors. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry
An integrated pneumatic tactile feedback actuator array for robotic surgery
Authors: Franco Miguel L. , King Chih‐Hung , Culjat Martin O. , Lewis Catherine E. , Bisley James W. , Holmes E. Carmack , Grundfest Warren S. , Dutson Erik P. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractBackgroundA pneumatically controlled balloon actuator array has been developed to provide tactile feedback to the fingers during robotic surgery.MethodsThe actuator and pneumatics were integrated onto a robotic surgical system. Potential interference of the inactive system was evaluated using a timed robotic peg transfer task. System performance was evaluated by measuring human perception of the thumb and index finger.ResultsNo significant difference was found between performance with and without the inactive mounted actuator blocks. Subjects were able to determine inflation location with > 95% accuracy and five discrete inflation levels with both the index finger and thumb with accuracies of 94% and 92%. Temporal tests revealed that an 80 ms temporal separation was sufficient to detect balloon stimuli with high accuracy.ConclusionsThe mounted balloon actuators successfully transmitted tactile information to the index finger and thumb, while not hindering performance of robotic surgical movements. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Microbicides: an emerging science of HIV‐1 prevention in women—15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, Boston, USA, 3–6 February 2008
Authors: Saïdi Héla 
Published: December 2008

AbstractWomen account for almost 60% of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV‐1) infections in Sub‐Saharan Africa. HIV‐1 prevention tools such as condoms, abstinence and monogamy are not always feasible options for women due to various socio‐economic and cultural factors. Microbicides are anti‐microbial medications formulated for topical administration to prevent the sexual transmission of HIV‐1 and other pathogens. Ideally, they will afford bidirectional protection to both men and women who are engaged in vaginal or anal sex. Since the use of condom is often difficult or impossible, this multifunctional role of microbicides will be crucial in the fight against AIDS. The 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) was recently held in Boston, USA, where one of the most interesting subject area discussed by researchers from all around the world was the latest developments and understandings in microbicide‐related basic science and pre‐clinical product development as well as in product manufacturing and formulation that address the issue of user adherence. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability analysis of the drive‐train of a wind turbine with quadratic torque control
Authors: Wang Chen , Weiss George 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThis paper investigates the stability of a variable‐speed wind turbine operating under low to medium wind speed. The turbine is controlled to capture as much wind energy as possible. We concentrate on the mechanical level of the turbine system, more precisely on the drive‐train with the standard quadratic generator torque controller. We consider both the one‐mass and the two‐mass models for the drive‐train, with the inputs being the deviation of the active torque from an arbitrary positive nominal value and the tracking error of the generator torque. We show that the turbine system is input‐to‐state stable for the one‐mass model and integral input‐to‐state stable for the two‐mass model. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Extracellular guanosine and GTP promote expression of differentiation markers and induce S‐phase cell‐cycle arrest in human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells
Authors: Guarnieri S. , Pilla R. , Morabito C. , Sacchetti S. , Mancinelli R. , Fanò G. , Mariggiò M.A. 
Published: December 2008

AbstractSH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells, a model for studying neuronal differentiation, are able to differentiate into either cholinergic or dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotypes depending on media conditions. Using this system, we asked whether guanosine (Guo) or guanosine‐5′‐triphosphate (GTP) are able to drive differentiation towards one particular phenotype. Differentiation was determined by evaluating the frequency of cells bearing neurites and assessing neurite length after exposure to different concentrations of Guo or GTP for different durations. After 6 days, 0.3 mM Guo or GTP induced a significant increase in the number of cells bearing neurites and increased neurite length. Western blot analyses confirmed that purines induced differentiation; cells exposed to purines showed increases in the levels of GAP43, MAP2, and tyrosine hydroxylase. Proliferation assays and cytofluorimetric analyses indicated a significant anti‐proliferative effect of purines, and a concentration‐dependent accumulation of cells in S‐phase, starting after 24 h of purine exposure and extending for up to 6 days. A transcriptional profile analysis using gene arrays showed that an up‐regulation of cyclin E2/cdk2 evident after 24 h was responsible for S‐phase entry, and a concurrent down‐regulation of cell‐cycle progression‐promoting cyclin B1/B2 prevented S‐phase exit. In addition, patch‐clamp recordings revealed that 0.3 mM Guo or GTP, after 6 day incubation, significantly decreased Na+ currents.In conclusion, we showed Guo‐ and GTP‐induced cell‐cycle arrest in neuroblastoma cells and suggest that this makes these cells more responsive to differentiation processes that favor the dopaminergic/adrenergic phenotype.
Intrarater and Interrater Reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS)
Authors: Finnoff Jonathan T. , Peterson Valerie J. , Hollman John H. , Smith Jay 
Published: December 2008

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to determine the intrarater and interrater reliability of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS).DesignA prospective observational study.SettingAcademic sports medicine center.ParticipantsThree scorers participated in this study.MethodsThree scorers experienced in using the BESS viewed a videotape depicting 30 consecutive individuals performing the BESS stance positions. The 3 scorers independently scored each of the 30 videotaped individuals using the BESS scoring criteria. A week later, the same 3 subjects viewed and scored the videotape again.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe interrater and intrarater reliability of the BESS was determined using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), reported with 95% confidence intervals. The minimum detectible change was also determined.ResultsThe interrater and intrarater reliability ICCs for the total BESS scores were 0.57 and 0.74, respectively. The interrater reliability ICCs for the 6 different stance positions were between 0.44 and 0.83, while the intrarater reliability ICCs were between 0.50 and 0.88. The interrater and intrarater minimum detectible change for the total BESS score were 9.4 and 7.3 points, respectively.ConclusionThis study suggests that certain subcategories of the BESS have sufficient reliability to be used in the evaluation of postural stability but that the total BESS score is not reliable. In addition, a change in score of greater than 9.4 (interrater) or 7.3 (intrarater) points is required before the change in postural stability can be attributed to the balancer rather than to the scorer.
Marketization and China's energy security
Authors: Chen Shaofeng 
Published: December 2008

AbstractMarketization of the petroleum industry is part of China's efforts to construct a market economy. This has provided strong incentives for national oil companies (NOCs) to seek their commercial interests. Nevertheless, marketization of this industry is only partial. What impact does the partial marketization have on China's energy security against the backdrop of its growing reliance on foreign energy resources? This paper argues that China is plagued by two paradoxes when dealing with its energy security problems: between state centralism and market domination, as well as between state control and NOCs’ struggle for greater autonomy. Both paradoxes stem from the government's distrust of the market and the multi-faceted goals that it has set for the petroleum industry. The government's high expectation of the NOCs enhancing China's energy security with their oligarchic monopoly rights could prove to be a little far-fetched.
Linear superposition of nonlinear waves
Authors: MAHAJAN SWADESH , MIURA HIDEAKI 
Published: December 2008

AbstractExact nonlinear (arbitrary amplitude) wave-like solutions of an incompressible, magnetized, non-dissipative two-fluid system are found. It is shown that, in 1-D propagation, these fully nonlinear solutions display a rare property; they can be linearly superposed.
Mood lability and psychopathology in youth
Authors: Stringaris A. , Goodman R. 
Published: December 2008

BackgroundMood lability is a concept widely used. However, data on its prevalence and morbid associations are scarce. We sought to establish the occurrence and importance of mood lability in a large community sample of children and adolescents by testing a priori hypotheses.MethodCross-sectional data were taken from a national mental health survey including 5326 subjects aged 8–19 years in the UK. The outcomes were prevalence and characteristics of mood lability and its associations with psychopathology and overall impairment.ResultsMood lability occurred in more than 5% of the population of children and adolescents, both by parent and self-report. Mood lability was strongly associated with a wide range of psychopathology and was linked to significant impairment even in the absence of psychiatric disorders. Mood lability was particularly strongly associated with co-morbidity between internalizing and externalizing disorders, even when adjusting for the association with individual disorders. The pattern of results did not change after excluding youth with bipolar disorder or with episodes of elated mood.ConclusionsClinically significant mood lability is relatively common in the community. Our findings indicate that mood lability is not a mere consequence of other psychopathology in that it is associated with significant impairment even in the absence of psychiatric diagnoses. Moreover, the pattern of association of mood lability with co-morbidity suggests that it could be a risk factor shared by both internalizing and externalizing disorders. Our data point to the need for greater awareness of mood lability and its implications for treatment.
The innate schema of natural numbers does not explain historical, cultural, and developmental differences
Authors: Noël Marie-Pascale , Grégoire Jacques , Meert Gaëlle , Seron Xavier 
Published: December 2008

AbstractRips et al.'s proposition cannot account for the facts that (1) a historical look at the word number systems suggests that the concept of natural numbers has been progressively elaborated; (2) people from cultures without an elaborate counting system do not master the concept of natural numbers; (3) children take time to master natural numbers; and (4) the competing advantage of the postulated math schema in the natural selection process is not obvious.
Semantic cognition: Distributed, but then attractive
Authors: Kropff Emilio , Treves Alessandro 
Published: December 2008

AbstractThe parallel distributed processing (PDP) perspective brings forward the important point that all semantic phenomena are based on analog underlying mechanisms, involving the weighted summation of multiple inputs by individual neurons. It falls short of indicating, however, how the essentially discrete nature of semantic processing may emerge at the cognitive level. Bridging this gap probably requires attractor networks.