bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A guide to outcome evaluation of simulation‐based education programmes in low and middle‐income countries
Authors: Robinson Samuel JA , Yin Mar Oo  , Ljuhar Damir , McLeod Elizabeth , Pacilli Maurizio , Nataraja Ramesh M 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEvaluation is a vital part of any learning activity and is essential to optimize and improve educational programmes. It should be considered and prioritized prior to the implementation of any learning activity. However, comprehensive programme evaluation is rarely conducted, and there are numerous barriers to high‐quality evaluation. This review provides a framework for conducting outcome evaluation of simulation‐based education programmes in low and middle‐income countries (LMICs). The basis of evaluation, including core ideas of theory, purpose and structure are outlined, followed by an examination of the levels and healthcare applications of the Kirkpatrick model of evaluation. Then, methods of conducting evaluation of simulation‐based education in LMICs are discussed through the lens of a successful surgical simulation programme in Myanmar, a lower‐middle‐income country. The programme involved the evaluation of 11 courses over 4 years in Myanmar and demonstrated evaluation at the highest level of the Kirkpatrick model. Reviewing this programme provides a bridge between evaluation theory and practical implementation. A range of evaluation methods are outlined, including surveys, interviews, and clinical outcome measurement. The importance of a mixed‐methods approach, enabling triangulation of quantitative and qualitative analysis, is highlighted, as are methods of analysing data, including statistical and thematic analysis. Finally, issues and challenges of conducting evaluation are considered, as well as strategies to overcome these barriers. Ultimately, this review informs readers about evaluation theory and methods, grounded in a practical application, to enable other educators in low‐resource settings to evaluate their own activities.
The establishment of diseased human whole organ model by normothermic machine perfusion technique: Principle of concept
Authors: Tang Yunhua , Li Jiahao , Zhang Tao , Chen Honghui , Qin Meiting , Chen Huadi , Huang Jinbo , Miao Ziqiang , Cai Ruilin , Yang Yongqi , Kang Jun , Sun Hanqi , Zhong Ronghua , Li Jingya , Wang Tielong , Chen Maogen , Ju Weiqiang , Wang Dongping , Guo Zhiyong , Dan Jia , Li Yefu , He Xiaoshun , Zhao Qiang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackgroundThe global incidence of liver diseases is rising, yet there remains a dearth of precise research models to mimic these diseases. The use of normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) to study diseased livers recovered from liver transplantation (LT) recipients presents a promising avenue. Accordingly, we have developed a machine perfusion system tailored specifically for the human whole diseased livers and present our experience from the NMP of diseased livers.MethodsSix diseased livers recovered from LT recipients with different diagnoses were collected. The diseased livers were connected to the machine perfusion system that circulated tailored perfusate, providing oxygen and nutrients. The pressure and flow of the system were recorded, and blood gas analysis and laboratory tests of perfusate and bile were examined to analyze the function of the diseased livers. Liver tissues before and after NMP were collected for histological analysis.ResultsExperiments showed that the system maintained the diseased livers in a physiological state, ensuring stable hemodynamics and a suitable partial pressure of oxygen and carbon dioxide. The results of blood gas analysis and laboratory tests demonstrated a restoration and sustenance of metabolism with minimal damage. Notably, a majority of the diseased livers exhibited bile production continuously, signifying their vivid functional integrity. The pathological characteristics remained stable before and after NMP.ConclusionWe successfully established the machine perfusion system tailored specifically for diseased human whole livers. Through the application of this system, we have developed a novel in vitro model that faithfully recapitulates the main features of human liver disease. This model holds immense promise as an advanced disease modeling platform, offering profound insights into liver diseases and potential implications for research and therapeutic development.
Surgically induced astigmatism in the scleral fixated ‘Carlevale’ IOL technique
Authors: Schranz Markus , Abela‐Formanek Claudette , Reiter Gregor S. , Mylonas Georgios , Schartmüller Daniel , Reumueller Adrian 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPurposeTo evaluate the surgically induced astigmatism over a 6‐month follow‐up period in patients who underwent scleral IOL fixation using an acrylic single‐piece IOL with special haptics designed for sutureless scleral fixation.MethodsWe conducted a prospective longitudinal study at a single site with a single surgeon. We included patients who received transscleral IOL implantation following the Carlevale technique and were followed up post‐operatively for 24 weeks. We measured the patient's refraction at baseline, week 12 and week 24 using the best corrected visual acuity at 4 m (EDTRS chart). We performed corneal tomography at every visit using an anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS‐OCT).We evaluated surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) and refraction during each follow‐up visit and compared them to baseline. We then assessed changes in SIA over time.ResultsIn total, 27 eyes of 27 patients consisting of 16 female and 11 male individuals were evaluated. The mean patient age was 71 ± 11.7 years, mean axial length was 24.30 ± 1.47 mm (range: 21.4–27.23) and mean white‐to‐white distance was 12.07 ± 0.40 mm (range: 11.4–12.7).The mean SIA decreased from 1.78 ± 0.96D at week 1 significantly to 0.80 ± 0.55D at week 12 (p < 0.001) and then stayed unchanged around 0.82 ± 0.72D at week 24 (p = 1.0).ConclusionsThe scleral fixated Carlevale IOL and its implantation procedure were found to result in a predictable SIA of <1D after 24 weeks. However, the axis orientation of the SIA appeared to be random, making it unsuitable for implementation in toric IOL calculations.
AI and English language teaching: Affordances and challenges
Authors: Crompton Helen , Edmett Adam , Ichaporia Neenaz , Burke Diane 
Published: March 2024

AbstractEnglish is one of the most used languages for jobs, markets, tourism, discourse and international connectivity. However, English learners face many challenges in gaining English language skills. Extant studies show that AI has affordances to support in English language teaching and learning ELT/L. This study answers the call to examine specific challenges and affordances for using AI in ELT/L. A systematic review method was used with PRISMA principles to identify 42 studies. Findings reveal the geographical locations of studies, learner ages and years of study. Grounded coding was then used to identify affordances of the use of AI in ELT/L in the areas of speaking, writing, reading, pedagogy and self‐regulation. AI in ELT/L challenges uncovered were technology breakdowns, limited capabilities, fear and standardising language. Policymakers, funders, practitioners and educational leaders can use the information provided in this study to gain a holistic understanding of the current trend in the use of AI in ELT/L, and practical implications are provided to guide future use of AI.
Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic

English is one of the most used languages for jobs, markets, tourism, discourse and international connectivity.
Empirical evidence shows that pupils can often face difficulties when learning English, with challenges such as irregularity in English spelling.
AI has supported language teaching and learning with studies showing that AI can support language‐specific skills.
What this paper adds

Provides the scholarly community with a unique systematic review in the use of AI in ELT/L across learner levels.
Identifies affordances of AI in ELT/L in speaking, writing, reading, pedagogy and self‐regulation.
Identifies challenges of AI in ELT/L in technology breakdowns, limited capabilities, fear and standardising language.
Provides researchers with a review of the field with identification of gaps and future research opportunities.
Implications for practice and/or policy

Provides practical implications from the findings for educators, policy makers and program designers.
Highlights the gaps in academic knowledge as a lack in the use of AI for assessment in ELT/L.
The subjective and objective side of helplessness: Navigating between reassurance and risk management when people seek help for suicidal others
Authors: Iversen Clara , Kevoe‐Feldman Heidi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSocial psychologists interested in interaction have demonstrated that help‐seeking is a fruitful area for understanding how people relate to one another, but there is insufficient knowledge on how people navigate emotional involvement in help activities. Drawing on discursive psychology and conversation analysis, this article examines third‐party calls to a crisis helpline, with emergency calls as a point of comparison, to see how participants manage emotional involvement related to callers' concerns for others. The analysis unpacks how participants orient to helplessness—callers' uncertainty and inability to move forward—as justifying a focus on the at‐risk person or on the caller's emotions. While dispatchers at emergency centres work to get pertinent information to send help, call‐takers at the crisis helpline are trained to offer emotional support. In the latter case, a caller's displays of helplessness may be treated as a sign of danger for the person at‐risk, but it can also be taken as a disposition to worry, warranting a focus on the caller's emotional state. Showing how participants manage this challenge as they navigate ‘whom to help’, the paper contributes to research on the accomplishment of subjectivity and objectivity and demonstrates the utility of this framework in suicide prevention.
A revised model for Neogene Zagros foreland sedimentation in the Lurestan arc based on new geochemical data
Authors: Dietzel Christian A. F. , Kirscher Uwe , Berthold Christoph , Majidifard Mahmoud Reza , Böhme Madelaine 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe Zagros foreland basin is an important sedimentary archive for the tectonic and paleoclimatic evolution of the Zagros Mountains and the entire Neotethyan Arabia–Iran collision zone. By combining new geochemical high‐resolution whole rock XRF data with clay mineralogy and soluble salt geochemistry we propose an evolution of the sedimentary environment in the Lurestan arc from the Serravallian to the early Pleistocene, closing a gap in understanding the complex exhumation history of the central Zagros mountain belt. An increase in ultramafic sedimentary input indicates a shift from provenance 1 to provenance 2 by ophiolite exhumation at ca.10 Ma in the Imbricated Zagros north of the Lurestan arc. Our data further indicates that the sedimentary environment of parts of the Lahbari Mb within the Lurestan arc represents a piedmont deposition of fine‐grained alluvial fans and siltstones with aeolian contribution deposited under hyper‐arid climate conditions. These represent provenance shift 3 and were likely sourced from evaporites of the underlying Gachsaran Fm and fluvial deposits of the Lower Aghajari Mb (provenance 1 and provenance 2), uplifted by the Mountain Front Flexure at around 5.6 Ma. Combining XRF whole rock data with clay mineral data refines formation conditions of the clay minerals in the foreland basin such as palygorskite, which is revealed to be authigenic in origin in the Lower Aghajari Mb. as a function of varying Mg‐content due to variations of erosion of the ultramafic and mafic rocks in the Imbricate Zagros belt. Palygorskite in the Lahbari Member is likely both inherited from the Neogene Gachsaran evaporites as well as of authigenic origin.
Changes in tropical terrestrial vertebrate communities along two anthropogenic gradients: Forest degradation and accessibility
Authors: Wong Seth T. , Mohamed Azlan , Mathai John , Niedballa Jürgen , Kissing Johnny , Lagan Peter , Hastie Alexander Y. L. , Wilting Andreas , Sollmann Rahel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractForest degradation and hunting are two major drivers of species declines in tropical forests, often associated with forest production activities and infrastructure. To assess how the medium‐to‐large bodied terrestrial vertebrate community varied across these two main gradients of anthropogenic impact, we conducted a camera‐trap survey across three production forest reserves in central Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, each with different past and current logging regimes. We analyzed data from a 32‐species community using a Bayesian community occupancy model, investigating the response of occurrence, diversity, and composition to forest degradation and accessibility (a proxy for hunting pressure). We found forest degradation to be a strong driver of occurrence of individual species. Such responses led to declines in diversity and shifts in community composition, where forest‐dependent species decreased while disturbance‐tolerant species increased in occupancy probability with increasing forest degradation. Accessibility had a weaker effect on community diversity and species occupancy, and low‐level hunting pressure and management of access to our study sites likely played an important role in mitigating accessibility effects. Nonetheless, our results showed accessibility had compounding effects on a wildlife community already affected negatively by forest degradation. Despite the impacts of forest degradation and accessibility on the terrestrial vertebrate community, our results highlight how the application of more sustainable practices—reducing forest disturbance and managing unauthorized access to logging roads—resulted in more intact wildlife communities. Understanding how both disturbances combined affect the terrestrial vertebrate community is essential for evaluating and developing effective sustainability guidelines.Abstract in malay is available with online material.
Kinesin family member 12‐related hepatopathy: A generally indolent disorder with elevated gamma‐glutamyl‐transferase activity
Authors: Vogel Georg‐Friedrich , Podpeskar Alexandra , Rieder Dietmar , Salzer Helin , Garczarczyk‐Asim Dorota , Wang Li , Abuduxikuer Kuerbanjiang , Wang Jian‐She , Scharrer Anke , Faqeih Eissa Ali , Aseeri Ali T. , Vodopiutz Julia , Heilos Andreas , Pichler Judith , Huber Wolf‐Dietrich , Müller Thomas , Knisely A. S. , Janecke Andreas R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractExome sequencing (ES) has identified biallelic kinesin family member 12 (KIF12) mutations as underlying neonatal cholestatic liver disease. We collected information on onset and progression of this entity. Among consecutively referred pediatric patients at our centers, diagnostic ES identified 4 patients with novel, biallelic KIF12 variants using the human GRCh38 reference sequence, as KIF12 remains incompletely annotated in the older reference sequence GRCh37. A review of these and of 21 reported patients with KIF12 variants found that presentation with elevated serum transaminase activity in the context of trivial respiratory infection, without clinical features of liver disease, was more common (n = 18) than manifest cholestatic disease progressing rapidly to liver transplantation (LT; n = 7). Onset of liver disease was at age <1 year in 15 patients; LT was more common in this group. Serum gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity (GGT) was elevated in all patients, and total bilirubin was elevated in 15 patients. Liver fibrosis or cirrhosis was present in 14 of 18 patients who were biopsied. The 16 different pathogenic variants and 11 different KIF12 genotypes found were not correlated with age of onset or progression to LT. Identification of biallelic pathogenic KIF12 variants distinguishes KIF12‐related disease from other entities with elevated GGT.
Whoever you want me to be: Personality and incentives
Authors: McGee Andrew , McGee Peter 
Published: March 2024

AbstractWhat can employers learn from personality tests when applicants have incentives to misrepresent themselves? Using a within‐subject, laboratory experiment, we compare personality measures with and without incentives for misrepresentation. Incentivized personality measures are weakly to moderately correlated with non‐incentivized measures in all treatments. When test‐takers are given a job ad indicating that an extrovert (introvert) is desired, extroversion measures are positively (negatively) correlated with IQ. Among other characteristics, only locus of control appears related to faking on personality measures. Our findings highlight the identification challenges in measuring personality and the potential for correlations between incentivized personality measures and other traits.
Decreased neutrophil function in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients is restored with lenalidomide therapy
Authors: Askman Sandra , Westerlund Julia , Pettersson Åsa , Hellmark Thomas , Johansson Åsa , Wichert Stina , Hansson Markus 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectivesBacterial infections are common and a major cause of morbidity and mortality in multiple myeloma (MM). We have investigated the function of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN), the immune system's first line of defense against bacteria, in peripheral blood (PB) and bone marrow (BM) samples from patients with newly diagnosed MM (NDMM), smoldering MM (SMM), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and healthy controls.MethodsPhagocytosis and oxidative burst in PMN cells from patients and healthy donors were investigated using PhagoTest and PhagoBurst assay.ResultsPMN from NDMM, SMM, and MGUS patients had reduced phagocytosis and oxidative burst ability compared with healthy controls. The dysfunction was most prominent in BM samples from MM, SMM, and MGUS patients. Importantly the reduced phagocytosis in MM patients was restored in patients on lenalidomide therapy. Consistently the ability of Escherichia coli stimulated oxidative burst in BM was reduced for the MM, SMM, and MGUS cohort in contrast to the healthy controls and the patients on lenalidomide treatment.ConclusionOur results show that MM patients have neutrophil dysfunction that could contribute to susceptibility for bacterial infections and that lenalidomide therapy was associated with restored PMN function.
Service delivery in acute ischemic stroke patients: Does sex matter?
Authors: Medlin Friedrich , Strambo Davide , Lambrou Dimitris , Caso Valeria , Michel Patrik 
Published: March 2024

AbstractBackground and purposeWomen with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are older and have greater preexisting handicap than men. Given that these factors do not fully explain their poorer long‐term outcomes, we sought to investigate potential sex differences in the delivery of acute stroke care in a large cohort of consecutive AIS patients.MethodsWe analyzed all patients from ASTRAL (Acute Stroke Registry and Analysis of Lausanne) from March 2003 to December 2019. Multivariable analyses were performed on acute time metrics, revascularization therapies, ancillary examinations for stroke workup, subacute symptomatic carotid artery revascularization, frequency of change in goals of care (palliative care), and length of hospital stay.ResultsOf the 5347 analyzed patients, 45% were biologically female and the median age was 74.6 years. After multiple adjustments, female sex was significantly associated with higher onset‐to‐door (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.09, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.14) and door‐to‐endovascular‐puncture intervals (aHR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.05–1.25). Women underwent numerically fewer diagnostic examinations (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.85–1.04) and fewer subacute carotid revascularizations (aOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.33–1.18), and had longer hospital stays (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.99–1.07), but these differences were not statistically significant. We found no differences in the rates of acute revascularization treatments, or in the frequency of change of goals of treatments.ConclusionsThis retrospective analysis of a large, consecutive AIS cohort suggests that female sex is associated with unfavorable pre‐ and in‐hospital time metrics, such as a longer onset‐to‐door and door‐to‐endovascular‐puncture intervals. Such indicators of less effective stroke care delivery may contribute to the poorer long‐term functional outcomes in female patients and require further attention.
Bankruptcy prediction using optimal ensemble models under balanced and imbalanced data
Authors: Amirshahi Bahareh , Lahmiri Salim 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis study explores the performance of gradient boosting methods in bankruptcy prediction for a highly imbalanced dataset. We developed different heterogenous ensemble models based on three popular gradient boosting methods—XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost. Our ensemble models were optimized using the cross‐validation method and the results of the hold‐out test sets showed that the optimized ensemble models not only outperform their base learners, but also improve the state‐of‐the‐art benchmark results on the same dataset. Interestingly, we observed that the data oversampling technique that is commonly used to address the class imbalance issue had an adverse impact on our ensemble models' performance. This indicates that our models are robust to the imbalanced dataset problem that typically degrades the classification performance of machine learning models.
How do law and religion influence child marriage? A qualitative study using content analysis
Authors: Baraie Bahman , Rezaei Mehdi , Nadrian Haidar , Matlabi Hossein 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of religion and law on child marriage in Sanandaj, Iran.BackgroundThe prevalence of child marriage is 16.65% in Iran and 11% in the Kurdish city of Sanandaj. This study considers the legality and legitimacy of this practice in Iran.MethodEligible participants were selected through purposive sampling. Participants included three groups: parents of a married child (n = 7), women who were child brides (n = 19), and experts (sociologists, marriage concluders, and marriage counselors; n = 7). The research question was “What impact do religious and legal factors have on the decision of families in child marriage?” The data were gathered using semistructured in‐depth interviews and analyzed by conventional content analysis method.ResultsThe findings were generally categorized into four main themes including law–religion issues (subthemes: marriageable age in civil law, Sharia principles), predisposed religious interpretations (subthemes: religious interpretations confirming child marriage, interpretations rejecting child marriage), institutional factors (subthemes: official agencies, religious factors), and religious viewpoint of families toward child marriage (subthemes: avoidance of sin, reference of parents/children to religious rules).ConclusionsThe intersection of law, religion, and family institutions, with their interconnected rules, encourage child marriage (particularly for girls) in Sanandaj, Iran. Any change in these factors (mostly civil law and Sharia) may influence the demands of families for child marriage.