bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Variation of Hydrometeorological Conditions along a Topographic Transect in Northwestern Mexico during the North American Monsoon
Authors: Vivoni Enrique R. , Gutiérrez-Jurado Hugo A. , Aragón Carlos A. , Méndez-Barroso Luis A. , Rinehart Alex J. , Wyckoff Robert L. , Rodríguez Julio C. , Watts Christopher J. , Bolten John D. , Lakshmi Venkataraman , Jackson Thomas J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Relatively little is currently known about the spatiotemporal variability of land surface conditions during the North American monsoon, in particular for regions of complex topography. As a result, the role played by land–atmosphere interactions in generating convective rainfall over steep terrain and sustaining monsoon conditions is still poorly understood. In this study, the variation of hydrometeorological conditions along a large-scale topographic transect in northwestern Mexico is described. The transect field experiment consisted of daily sampling at 30 sites selected to represent variations in elevation and ecosystem distribution. Simultaneous soil and atmospheric variables were measured during a 2-week period in early August 2004. Transect observations were supplemented by a network of continuous sampling sites used to analyze the regional hydrometeorological conditions prior to and during the field experiment. Results reveal the strong control exerted by topography on the spatial and temporal variability in soil moisture, with distinct landscape regions experiencing different hydrologic regimes. Reduced variations at the plot and transect scale during a drydown period indicate that homogenization of hydrologic conditions occurred over the landscape. Furthermore, atmospheric variables are clearly linked to surface conditions, indicating that heating and moistening of the boundary layer closely follow spatial and temporal changes in hydrologic properties. Land–atmosphere interactions at the basin scale (∼100 km2), obtained via a technique accounting for topographic variability, further reveal the role played by the land surface in sustaining high atmospheric moisture conditions, with implications toward rainfall generation during the North American monsoon.
A Climatological Perspective of Transient Synoptic Features during NAME 2004
Authors: Douglas Arthur V. , Englehart Phillip J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
This note provides a first look at a recently developed long-term climatology of transient synoptic features in northern Mexico. Key features investigated include inverted troughs, cutoff lows, cold fronts, and open troughs (westerly short waves). This 35-yr analysis of transient systems crossing northern Mexico (1967–2001) was developed to help place the summer climatology of the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) into a broader perspective. Inverted troughs are found to be the most commonly occurring transient synoptic feature during the monsoon with a mean frequency of occurrence of 55 days per summer season (June–September). Inverted troughs are found to contribute from 20% to 25% of the average summer rainfall observed in northern Mexico. Rainfall doubles during inverted trough days compared to days without transient systems being present.
In 2004 the monsoon season was greatly shortened due to a poorly developed subtropical high. Compared to long-term means, inverted troughs contributed less rainfall to the region in 2004 and this was, in part, associated with the shortened monsoon season. In contrast, frontal penetration into the region was almost double the 35-yr mean. These climatologies are designed to provide NAME researchers with benchmarks to assess model performance relative to how these models handle these systems and their associated rainfall. The work presented is a small portion of a much larger study that aims to determine the impact of all of these rain-bearing transient systems on the monsoon in northern Mexico.
Water Vapor Fluxes over the Intra-Americas Sea: Seasonal and Interannual Variability and Associations with Rainfall
Authors: Mestas-Nuñez Alberto M. , Enfield David B. , Zhang Chidong 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The seasonal and interannual variability of moisture transports over the Intra-Americas Sea (including the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea) is evaluated using the NCEP–NCAR global reanalysis. The seasonal variability of these moisture transports is consistent with previous studies and shows distinctive winter and summer regimes. Boreal winter moisture is mainly delivered to the central United States from the Pacific with some contribution from the Gulf of Mexico. It is during the boreal summer that the moisture flow over the Intra-Americas Sea is most effective in supplying the water vapor to the central United States via the northern branch of the Caribbean low-level jet. The increase of intensity of this jet during July is associated with an increase in evaporation over the Intra-Americas Sea, consistent with midsummer drought conditions over this region.
During both summer and winter, the interannual variability of the inflow of moisture from the Intra-Americas Sea into central United States is associated with Caribbean low-level jet variability. The source of the varying moisture is mainly the Gulf of Mexico and the North Atlantic area just east of the Bahamas Islands and the sink is precipitation over east-central United States. The main teleconnection pattern for these interannual variations appears to be the Pacific–North American, although in boreal winter ENSO and possibly the North Atlantic Oscillation may also play a role. During boreal summer, associations with ENSO mainly involve the zonal moisture exchange between the Intra-Americas Sea/tropical Atlantic and the tropical Pacific.
Effects of Increased Horizontal Resolution on Simulation of the North American Monsoon in the NCAR CAM3: An Evaluation Based on Surface, Satellite, and Reanalysis Data
Authors: Collier J. Craig , Zhang Guang J. 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
Simulation of the North American monsoon system by the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM3) is evaluated in its sensitivity to increasing horizontal resolution. For two resolutions, T42 and T85, rainfall is compared to Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite-derived and surface gauge-based rainfall rates over the United States and northern Mexico as well as rainfall accumulations in gauges of the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) Enhanced Rain Gauge Network (NERN) in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Simulated upper-tropospheric mass and wind fields are compared to those from NCEP–NCAR reanalyses. The comparison presented herein demonstrates that tropospheric motions associated with the North American monsoon system are sensitive to increasing the horizontal resolution of the model. An increase in resolution from T42 to T85 results in changes to a region of large-scale midtropospheric descent found north and east of the monsoon anticyclone. Relative to its simulation at T42, this region extends farther south and west at T85. Additionally, at T85, the subsidence is stronger. Consistent with the differences in large-scale descent, the T85 simulation of CAM3 is anomalously dry over Texas and northeastern Mexico during the peak monsoon months. Meanwhile, the geographic distribution of rainfall over the Sierra Madre Occidental region of Mexico is more satisfactorily simulated at T85 than at T42 for July and August. Moisture import into this region is greater at T85 than at T42 during these months. A focused study of the Sierra Madre Occidental region in particular shows that, in the regional-average sense, the timing of the peak of the monsoon is relatively insensitive to the horizontal resolution of the model, while a phase bias in the diurnal cycle of monsoon season precipitation is somewhat reduced in the higher-resolution run. At both resolutions, CAM3 poorly simulates the month-to-month evolution of monsoon rainfall over extreme northwestern Mexico and Arizona, though biases are considerably improved at T85.
Vertical Structure of Precipitation and Related Microphysics Observed by NOAA Profilers and TRMM during NAME 2004
Authors: Williams Christopher R. , White Allen B. , Gage Kenneth S. , Ralph F. Martin 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
In support of the 2004 North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) field campaign, NOAA established and maintained a field site about 100 km north of Mazatlán, Mexico, consisting of wind profilers, precipitation profilers, surface upward–downward-looking radiometers, and a 10-m meteorological tower to observe the environment within the North American monsoon. Three objectives of this NOAA project are discussed in this paper: 1) to observe the vertical structure of precipitating cloud systems as they passed over the NOAA profiler site, 2) to estimate the vertical air motion and the raindrop size distribution from near the surface to just below the melting layer, and 3) to better understand the microphysical processes associated with stratiform rain containing well-defined radar bright bands.
To provide a climatological context for the profiler observations at the field site, the profiler reflectivity distributions were compared with Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar (PR) reflectivity distributions from the 2004 season over the NAME domain as well as from the 1998–2005 seasons. This analysis places the NAME 2004 observations into the context of other monsoon seasons. It also provides a basis for evaluating the representativeness of the structure of the precipitation systems sampled at this location. The number of rain events observed by the TRMM PR is dependent on geography; the land region, which includes portions of the Sierra Madre Occidental, has more events than the coast and gulf regions. Conversely, from this study it is found that the frequencies of occurrence of stratiform rain and reflectivity profiles with radar bright bands are mostly independent of region. The analysis also revealed that the reflectivity distribution at each height has more year-to-year variability than region-to-region variability. These findings suggest that in cases with a well-defined bright band, the vertical profile of the reflectivity relative to the height of the bright band is similar over the gulf, coast, and land regions.
Revealing signaling pathway deregulation by using gene expression signatures and regulatory motif analysis
Authors: Liu Yingchun , Ringnér Markus 
Published: May 2007

AbstractGene expression signatures consisting of tens to hundreds of genes have been found to be informative for different biological states. Recently, many computational methods have been proposed for biological interpretation of such signatures. However, there is a lack of methods for identifying cell signaling pathways whose deregulation results in an observed expression signature. We present a strategy for identifying such signaling pathways and evaluate the strategy using six human and mouse gene expression signatures.
Digoxin-Like Immunoreactive Factors Induce Apoptosis in Human Acute T-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Ihenetu Kenneth , Qazzaz Hassan M , Crespo Fabian , Fernandez-Botran Rafael , Valdes Roland 
Published: May 2007

AbstractBackground: Plant-derived cardenolides reportedly possess anticancer properties in human leukemic cells via selective induction of apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and differentiation. Selective induction of apoptosis with mammalian-derived digoxin-like immunoreactive factor (DLIF) could provide new strategies for anticancer drug development or the identification of biomarkers for cancer. We investigated whether DLIFs selectively induce apoptosis in human lymphoblastic leukemic cells.Methods: We compared the relative potencies of digoxin, ouabain, and DLIF on induction of programmed cell death in Jurkat cells (an acute T-leukemic cell line), K-562 (a myelogenous leukemia cell line), and nonpathologic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry with the annexin V/propidium iodide method.Results: Digoxin and ouabain induced apoptosis in Jurkat cells [digoxin 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50), 24 nmol/L; ouabain IC50, 26 nmol/L]. Neither digoxin nor ouabain induced apoptosis in K-562 cells or PBMCs. DLIF was more potent (IC50, 1.9 nmol/L) and &gt;2-fold more effective than digoxin or ouabain at inducing maximum apoptosis in Jurkat cells. The IC50 values in the apoptosis assays were &gt;100-fold lower (DLIF) and 20-fold lower (digoxin and ouabain) than the IC50 required for Na+- and K+-dependent ATPase (DLIF, 200 nmol/L; digoxin, 910 nmol/L; ouabain, 600 nmol/L).Conclusion: DLIF selectively induces apoptosis in a human acute T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia cell line but not in K-562 cells or PBMCs. These data suggest a new physiological role for these endogenous hormone-like factors.
The Significant Cardiomyogenic Potential of Human Umbilical Cord Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells In Vitro
Authors: Nishiyama Nobuhiro , Miyoshi Shunichiro , Hida Naoko , Uyama Taro , Okamoto Kazuma , Ikegami Yukinori , Miyado Kenji , Segawa Kaoru , Terai Masanori , Sakamoto Michiie , Ogawa Satoshi , Umezawa Akihiro 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
We tested the cardiomyogenic potential of the human umbilical cord blood-derived mesenchymal stem cells (UCBMSCs). Both the number and function of stem cells may be depressed in senile patients with severe coronary risk factors. Therefore, stem cells obtained from such patients may not function well. For this reason, UCBMSCs are potentially a new cell source for stem cell-based therapy, since such cells can be obtained from younger populations and are being routinely utilized for clinical patients. The human UCBMSCs (5 × 103 per cm2) were cocultured with fetal murine cardiomyocytes ([CM] 1 × 105 per cm2). On day 5 of cocultivation, approximately half of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled UCBMSCs contracted rhythmically and synchronously, suggesting the presence of electrical communication between the UCBMSCs. The fractional shortening of the contracted UCBMSCs was 6.5% ± 0.7% (n = 20). The UCBMSC-derived cardiomyocytes stained positive for cardiac troponin-I (clear striation +) and connexin 43 (diffuse dot-like staining at the margin of the cell) by the immunocytochemical method. Cardiac troponin-I positive cardiomyocytes accounted for 45% ± 3% of GFP-labeled UCBMSCs. The cardiomyocyte-specific long action potential duration (186 ± 12 milliseconds) was recorded with a glass microelectrode from the GFP-labeled UCBMSCs. CM were observed in UCBMSCs, which were cocultivated in the same dish with mouse cardiomyocytes separated by a collagen membrane. Cell fusion, therefore, was not a major cause of CM in the UCBMSCs. Approximately half of the human UCBMSCs were successfully transdifferentiated into cardiomyocytes in vitro. UCBMSCs can be a promising cellular source for cardiac stem cell-based therapy.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Extensive Studies on Perfusion Method Plus Intra-Bone Marrow-Bone Marrow Transplantation Using Cynomolgus Monkeys
Authors: Inaba Muneo , Adachi Yasushi , Hisha Hiroko , Hosaka Naoki , Maki Masahiko , Ueda Yusuke , Koike Yasushi , Miyake Takeshi , Fukui Junichi , Cui Yunze , Mukaide Hiromi , Koike Naoko , Omae Mariko , Mizokami Tomomi , Shigematsu Akio , Sakaguchi Yutaku , Tsuda Masanobu , Okazaki Satoshi , Wang Xiaoli , Li Qing , Nishida Akihisa , Ando Yugo , Guo Kequan , Song Changye , Cui Wenhao , Feng Wei , Katou Junko , Sado Katuyuki , Nakamura Shuji , Ikehara Susumu 
Published: May 2007

Abstract
The collection of bone marrow cells (BMCs) using a perfusion method has been advantageous not only because of the low contamination of BMCs with T cells from the peripheral blood but also the enrichment of stromal cells, which support hemopoiesis. Before the application of this new method to humans, its safety needed to be confirmed using cynomolgus monkeys. We therefore performed the perfusion method on more than 100 cynomolgus monkeys using the long bones (such as the humerus and femur) and also the iliac bones (for human application); in the more than 150 trials to date, there have been no accidental deaths. Furthermore, the technical safety of a new method for the intra-bone marrow (IBM) injection of BMCs (termed IBM-bone marrow transplantation) has also been confirmed using 30 monkeys.
Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Hearing Loss and Associated 7-Year Cognitive Outcomes Among Hispanic and Latino Adults
Authors: Stickel Ariana M. , Mendoza Alonzo , Tarraf Wassim , Kuwayama Sayaka , Kaur Sonya , Morlett Paredes Alejandra , Daviglus Martha L. , Testai Fernando D. , Zeng Donglin , Isasi Carmen R. , Baiduc Rachael R. , Dinces Elizabeth , Lee David J. , González Hector M. 
Published: March 2024

ImportanceHearing loss appears to have adverse effects on cognition and increases risk for cognitive impairment. These associations have not been thoroughly investigated in the Hispanic and Latino population, which faces hearing health disparities.ObjectiveTo examine associations between hearing loss with 7-year cognitive change and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) prevalence among a diverse cohort of Hispanic/Latino adults.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis cohort study used data from a large community health survey of Hispanic Latino adults in 4 major US cities. Eligible participants were aged 50 years or older at their second visit to study field centers. Cognitive data were collected at visit 1 and visit 2, an average of 7 years later. Data were last analyzed between September 2023 and January 2024.ExposureHearing loss at visit 1 was defined as a pure-tone average (500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz) greater than 25 dB hearing loss in the better ear.Main outcomes and measuresCognitive data were collected at visit 1 and visit 2, an average of 7 years later and included measures of episodic learning and memory (the Brief-Spanish English Verbal Learning Test Sum of Trials and Delayed Recall), verbal fluency (word fluency—phonemic fluency), executive functioning (Trails Making Test–Trail B), and processing speed (Digit-Symbol Substitution, Trails Making Test–Trail A). MCI at visit 2 was defined using the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer Association criteria.ResultsA total of 6113 Hispanic Latino adults were included (mean [SD] age, 56.4 [8.1] years; 3919 women [64.1%]). Hearing loss at visit 1 was associated with worse cognitive performance at 7-year follow-up (global cognition: β = −0.11 [95% CI, −0.18 to −0.05]), equivalent to 4.6 years of aging and greater adverse change (slowing) in processing speed (β = −0.12 [95% CI, −0.23 to −0.003]) equivalent to 5.4 years of cognitive change due to aging. There were no associations with MCI.Conclusions and relevanceThe findings of this cohort study suggest that hearing loss decreases cognitive performance and increases rate of adverse change in processing speed. These findings underscore the need to prevent, assess, and treat hearing loss in the Hispanic and Latino community.
Highly Stretchable Piezoelectric Elastomer for Accelerated Repairing of Skeletal Muscles Loss
Authors: Fang Qian , Wang Dong , Lin Wei , Ge Zilu , Deng Xiangtian , Zhao Renliang , Tang Yunfeng , Liu Wenzheng , Xiong Zhencheng , Duan Ao , Zhang Zhen , Xiang Yong , Hu Xiaoran , Wang Guanglin 
Published: March 2024

AbstractSkeletal muscle loss is a common clinical disease, whose long treatment period and expensive treatment costs bring a heavy burden to patients. Currently, the use of piezoelectric materials to generate in situ and efficient electrical stimulation has been proven to significantly promote wound healing and other defects. However, skeletal muscle requires repaired materials with high elastic deformation to accompany its reciprocating movement during the healing process. Therefore, developing biocompatible materials that combine high piezoelectricity and stretchability is a great challenge. In the present work, a piezoelectric elastomer PPBE is prepared by copolymerization of bio‐based diacid and diol. PPBE has matching elastic modulus with the skeletal muscle to accompanied proceed stretching and recovery movements. Piezoelectrical charge from PPBE scaffold under ultrasound and mechanical stimuli could promote myogenic differentiation via Ca2+ signaling pathway and modulate cell functions, resulting in improved muscle morphology and functional performance of skeletal muscle. Thus, development of the degradable PPBE scaffold would provide new therapy strategy for volumetric muscle loss (VML) and present great potential in repairing of other tissues.
Oxygen Vacancy‐Rich Defects Porous Cu2MgO3/Mg0.78Cu0.22O Composite with Sinter‐Resistant and Highly Reactive for Long‐Duration High‐Temperature Thermochemical Energy Storage
Authors: Deng Jiali , Gu Changdong , Xu Haoran , Zhu Peiwang , Xiao Gang 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHigh‐temperature thermochemical energy storage based on metal oxides is the key technology to reducing the levelized costs of electricity of the next‐generation concentrated solar power plants. CuO/Cu2O has wide availability and high energy density, but severe sintering leads to low reactivity. In this study, an innovative approach to modulate the oxygen vacancy content to change the surface properties and crystal structure to enhance the sintering resistance and redox reversibility is proposed. The re‐oxidation degree is increased from 46% to 99%, and the energy release rate is increased by 3.5 times. It remains 99.9% reduction and 97.1% oxidation activity after 3000 cycles, which is very valuable for engineering applications. Cu2MgO3 and Mg0.78Cu0.22O are prone to form oxygen vacancies, which promotes the formation of porous structures. Mg0.78Cu0.22O helps Cu2MgO3/CuO/Cu2O deliver more O through the surface. Mg0.78Cu0.22O is firmly and uniformly dispersed on the CuO/Cu2O surface after long cycling. They have a large binding energy, more charge transfer and enhanced bond energy at the interface. The mechanism of composite in increasing the sintering temperature and long‐term reaction stability is revealed from experimental and theoretical calculations, which provides a new idea for the rational design of thermochemical energy storage materials.
BV2 Membrane‐Coated PEGylated‐Liposomes Delivered hFGF21 to Cortical and Hippocampal Microglia for Alzheimer's Disease Therapy
Authors: Wang Heng‐Cai , Yang Wei , Xu Ling , Han Yong‐Hui , Lin Yi , Lu Cui‐Tao , Kim Kwonseop , Zhao Ying‐Zheng , Yu Xi‐Chong 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMicroglia‐mediated inflammation is involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas human fibroblast growth factor 21 (hFGF21) has demonstrated the ability to regulate microglia activation in Parkinson's disease, indicating a potential therapeutic role in AD. However, challenges such as aggregation, rapid inactivation, and the blood–brain barrier hinder its effectiveness in treating AD. This study develops targeted delivery of hFGF21 to activated microglia using BV2 cell membrane‐coated PEGylated liposomes (hFGF21@BCM‐LIP), preserving the bioactivity of hFGF21. In vitro, hFGF21@BCM‐LIP specifically targets Aβ1‐42‐induced BV2 cells, with uptake hindered by anti‐VCAM‐1 antibody, indicating the importance of VCAM‐1 and integrin α4/β1 interaction in targeted delivery to BV2 cells. In vivo, following subcutaneous injection near the lymph nodes of the neck, hFGF21@BCM‐LIP diffuses into lymph nodes and distributes along the meningeal lymphatic vasculature and brain parenchyma in amyloid‐beta (Aβ1‐42)‐induced mice. Furthermore, the administration of hFGF21@BCM‐LIP to activated microglia improves cognitive deficits caused by Aβ1‐42 and reduces levels of tau, p‐Tau, and BACE1. It also decreases interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) and tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) release while increasing interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) release both in vivo and in vitro. These results indicate that hFGF21@BCM‐LIP can be a promising treatment for AD, by effectively crossing the blood–brain barrier and targeting delivery to brain microglia via the neck‐meningeal lymphatic vasculature‐brain parenchyma pathways.