bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Drought Induction of Arabidopsis 9-cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Occurs in Vascular Parenchyma Cells
Authors: Endo Akira , Sawada Yoshiaki , Takahashi Hirokazu , Okamoto Masanori , Ikegami Keiichi , Koiwai Hanae , Seo Mitsunori , Toyomasu Tomonobu , Mitsuhashi Wataru , Shinozaki Kazuo , Nakazono Mikio , Kamiya Yuji , Koshiba Tomokazu , Nambara Eiji 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe regulation of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis is essential for plant responses to drought stress. In this study, we examined the tissue-specific localization of ABA biosynthetic enzymes in turgid and dehydrated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants using specific antibodies against 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase 3 (AtNCED3), AtABA2, and Arabidopsis aldehyde oxidase 3 (AAO3). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that in turgid plants, AtABA2 and AAO3 proteins were localized in vascular parenchyma cells most abundantly at the boundary between xylem and phloem bundles, but the AtNCED3 protein was undetectable in these tissues. In water-stressed plants, AtNCED3 was detected exclusively in the vascular parenchyma cells together with AtABA2 and AAO3. In situ hybridization using the antisense probe for AtNCED3 showed that the drought-induced expression of AtNCED3 was also restricted to the vascular tissues. Expression analysis of laser-microdissected cells revealed that, among nine drought-inducible genes examined, the early induction of most genes was spatially restricted to vascular cells at 1 h and then some spread to mesophyll cells at 3 h. The spatial constraint of AtNCED3 expression in vascular tissues provides a novel insight into plant systemic response to drought stresses.
Tracking Monolignols during Wood Development in Lodgepole Pine
Authors: Kaneda Minako , Rensing Kim H. , Wong John C.T. , Banno Brian , Mansfield Shawn D. , Samuels A. Lacey 
Published: June 2008

Abstract
Secondary xylem (wood) formation in gymnosperms requires that the tracheid protoplasts first build an elaborate secondary cell wall from an array of polysaccharides and then reinforce it with lignin, an amorphous, three-dimensional product of the random radical coupling of monolignols. The objective of this study was to track the spatial distribution of monolignols during development as they move from symplasm to apoplasm. This was done by feeding [3H]phenylalanine ([3H]Phe) to dissected cambium/developing wood from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var latifolia) seedlings, allowing uptake and metabolism, then rapidly freezing the cells and performing autoradiography to detect the locations of the monolignols responsible for lignification. Parallel experiments showed that radioactivity was incorporated into polymeric lignin and a methanol-soluble pool that was characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography. [3H]Phe was incorporated into expected lignin precursors, such as coniferyl alcohol and p-coumaryl alcohol, as well as pinoresinol. Coniferin, the glucoside of coniferyl alcohol, was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography but was not radioactively labeled. With light microscopy, radiolabeled phenylpropanoids were detected in the rays as well as the tracheids, with the two cell types showing differential sensitivity to inhibitors of protein translation and phenylpropanoid metabolism. Secondary cell walls of developing tracheids were heavily labeled when incubated with [3H]Phe. Inside the cell, cytoplasm was most strongly labeled followed by Golgi and low-vacuole label. Inhibitor studies suggest that the Golgi signal could be attributed to protein, rather than phenylpropanoid, origins. These data, produced with the best microscopy tools that are available today, support a model in which unknown membrane transporters, rather than Golgi vesicles, export monolignols.
The Relationship between Auxin Transport and Maize Branching
Authors: Gallavotti Andrea , Yang Yan , Schmidt Robert J. , Jackson David 
Published: June 2008

AbstractMaize (Zea mays) plants make different types of vegetative or reproductive branches during development. Branches develop from axillary meristems produced on the flanks of the vegetative or inflorescence shoot apical meristem. Among these branches are the spikelets, short grass-specific structures, produced by determinate axillary spikelet-pair and spikelet meristems. We investigated the mechanism of branching in maize by making transgenic plants expressing a native expressed endogenous auxin efflux transporter (ZmPIN1a) fused to yellow fluorescent protein and a synthetic auxin-responsive promoter (DR5rev) driving red fluorescent protein. By imaging these plants, we found that all maize branching events during vegetative and reproductive development appear to be regulated by the creation of auxin response maxima through the activity of polar auxin transporters. We also found that the auxin transporter ZmPIN1a is functional, as it can rescue the polar auxin transport defects of the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) pin1-3 mutant. Based on this and on the groundbreaking analysis in Arabidopsis and other species, we conclude that branching mechanisms are conserved and can, in addition, explain the formation of axillary meristems (spikelet-pair and spikelet meristems) that are unique to grasses. We also found that BARREN STALK1 is required for the creation of auxin response maxima at the flanks of the inflorescence meristem, suggesting a role in the initiation of polar auxin transport for axillary meristem formation. Based on our results, we propose a general model for branching during maize inflorescence development.
ArabidopsisDREB2A-Interacting Proteins Function as RING E3 Ligases and Negatively Regulate Plant Drought Stress–Responsive Gene Expression
Authors: Qin Feng , Sakuma Yoh , Tran Lam-Son Phan , Maruyama Kyonoshin , Kidokoro Satoshi , Fujita Yasunari , Fujita Miki , Umezawa Taishi , Sawano Yoriko , Miyazono Ken-ichi , Tanokura Masaru , Shinozaki Kazuo , Yamaguchi-Shinozaki Kazuko 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe DEHYDRATION-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING PROTEIN2A (DREB2A) transcription factor controls water deficit–inducible gene expression and requires posttranslational modification for its activation. The activation mechanism is not well understood; however, the stability of this protein in the nucleus was recently found to be important for its activation. Here, we report the isolation of Arabidopsis thaliana DREB2A-INTERACTING PROTEIN1 (DRIP1) and DRIP2, C3HC4 RING domain–containing proteins that interact with the DREB2A protein in the nucleus. An in vitro ubiquitination assay showed that they function as E3 ubiquitin ligases and are capable of mediating DREB2A ubiquitination. Overexpression of DRIP1 in Arabidopsis delayed the expression of DREB2A-regulated drought-responsive genes. Drought-inducible gene expression was slightly enhanced in the single T-DNA mutants of drip1-1 and drip2-1. By contrast, significantly enhanced gene expression was revealed in the drip1 drip2 double mutant under dehydration stress. Collectively, these data imply that DRIP1 and DRIP2 function negatively in the response of plants to drought stress. Moreover, overexpression of full-length DREB2A protein was more stable in drip1-1 than in the wild-type background. These results suggest that DRIP1 and DRIP2 act as novel negative regulators in drought-responsive gene expression by targeting DREB2A to 26S proteasome proteolysis.
ArabidopsisDDB1-CUL4 ASSOCIATED FACTOR1 Forms a Nuclear E3 Ubiquitin Ligase with DDB1 and CUL4 That Is Involved in Multiple Plant Developmental Processes
Authors: Zhang Yu , Feng Suhua , Chen Fangfang , Chen Haodong , Wang Jia , McCall Chad , Xiong Yue , Deng Xing Wang 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe human DDB1-CUL4 ASSOCIATED FACTOR (DCAF) proteins have been reported to interact directly with UV-DAMAGED DNA BINDING PROTEIN1 (DDB1) through the WDxR motif in their WD40 domain and function as substrate-recognition receptors for CULLIN4-based E3 ubiquitin ligases. Here, we identified and characterized a homolog of human DCAF1/VprBP in Arabidopsis thaliana. Yeast two-hybrid analysis demonstrated the physical interaction between DCAF1 and DDB1 from Arabidopsis, which is likely mediated via the WD40 domain of DCAF1 that contains two WDxR motifs. Moreover, coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that DCAF1 associates with DDB1, RELATED TO UBIQUITIN–modified CUL4, and the COP9 signalosome in vivo but not with CULLIN-ASSOCIATED and NEDDYLATION-DISSOCIATED1, CONSTITUTIVE PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (COP1), or the COP10-DET1-DDB1 complex, supporting the existence of a distinct Arabidopsis CUL4 E3 ubiquitin ligase, the CUL4-DDB1-DCAF1 complex. Transient expression of fluorescently tagged DCAF1, DDB1, and CUL4 in onion epidermal cells showed their colocalization in the nucleus, consistent with the notion that the CUL4-DDB1-DCAF1 complex functions as a nuclear E3 ubiquitin ligase. Genetic and phenotypic analysis of two T-DNA insertion mutants of DCAF1 showed that embryonic development of the dcaf1 homozygote is arrested at the globular stage, indicating that DCAF1 is essential for plant embryogenesis. Reducing the levels of DCAF1 leads to diverse developmental defects, implying that DCAF1 might be involved in multiple developmental pathways.
ArabidopsisNuclear-Encoded Plastid Transit Peptides Contain Multiple Sequence Subgroups with Distinctive Chloroplast-Targeting Sequence Motifs
Authors: Lee Dong Wook , Kim Jong Kyoung , Lee Sumin , Choi Seungjin , Kim Sanguk , Hwang Inhwan 
Published: June 2008

AbstractThe N-terminal transit peptides of nuclear-encoded plastid proteins are necessary and sufficient for their import into plastids, but the information encoded by these transit peptides remains elusive, as they have a high sequence diversity and lack consensus sequences or common sequence motifs. Here, we investigated the sequence information contained in transit peptides. Hierarchical clustering on transit peptides of 208 plastid proteins showed that the transit peptide sequences are grouped to multiple sequence subgroups. We selected representative proteins from seven of these multiple subgroups and confirmed that their transit peptide sequences are highly dissimilar. Protein import experiments revealed that each protein contained transit peptide–specific sequence motifs critical for protein import into chloroplasts. Bioinformatics analysis identified sequence motifs that were conserved among members of the identified subgroups. The sequence motifs identified by the two independent approaches were nearly identical or significantly overlapped. Furthermore, the accuracy of predicting a chloroplast protein was greatly increased by grouping the transit peptides into multiple sequence subgroups. Based on these data, we propose that the transit peptides are composed of multiple sequence subgroups that contain distinctive sequence motifs for chloroplast targeting.
Selection and censorship: librarians and their collections
Authors: McMenemy David 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to discuss the issues raised in the report, Hate on the State, published in 2007.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is a reflective viewpoint that debates the points made in the report and their wider implications for the profession.FindingsThe report raised key issues around censorship, and the role of the librarian in selecting a balanced collection for their public. These concerns need to be debated at length, since they represent fundamental professional concerns.Practical implicationsThe paper debates key professional concerns and how changes in stock procurement may lead to future occurrences of such controversies.Originality/valueThis is the only editorial to date related to this report in library literature.
Identification and management of high‐potential professional services
Authors: Smedlund Anssi 
Published: June 2008

PurposeIn professional services, innovation occurs in the delivery. The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for classifying innovation in professional services by taking into account the strength of the relationship with the client in addition to the incremental‐radical nature of innovation.Design/methodology/approachBased on the framework provided, there are operational, experimental, tactical, and high‐potential professional services, the characteristics of which are illustrated both conceptually and with a case example.FindingsProfessional service goes through different stages during its lifespan. A high‐potential service is a stage where the nature of the innovation is radical and the relationship with the client is strong. It is suggested that high‐potential services create a future competitive advantage not only for the service provider, but also for the client.Research limitations/implicationsA qualitative network approach with a focal actor perspective, in which the networks are illustrated from the supplier's point of view, is used. The characteristics of a high‐potential service are connected to the development stage of the service.Practical implicationsClassification of professional services is provided, and the importance of high‐potential services is highlighted. Advice for managers is given for designing suitable management initiatives in professional services in all their stages: idea, development, and commercialization.Originality/valueThe approach introduced in this paper addresses three gaps in the existing research: it helps to characterize and theorize the concept of innovation in professional services; it draws attention to the important role of the client in professional services, and it expands the management of innovation in professional services to include network relationships.
Workforce modernization in the police service: prospects for reform?
Authors: Loveday Barry , Williams Steve , Scott Peter 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe aim of this paper is to examine the significance and the implications of efforts to institute workforce modernization within the police service in England and Wales.Design/methodology/approachThe approach taken uses an analysis of the modernization proposals advanced by Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Constabulary as its starting point.FindingsThe development of workforce modernization in the police service would appear to have eroded the hitherto “reform‐resistant” nature of policing, however political factors continue to impede reform.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough more evidence concerning the scale and the outcomes of the reform process would be desirable, the main implication of this paper is that workforce modernization in the police is viable, but constrained by political factors.Originality/valueEmpirically, the paper focuses on developments in a sector – the police service – that has been neglected by the existing literature on workforce modernization; theoretically, it demonstrates the important influence often exercised by political contingencies over public sector workforce reform.
Everyone needs good neighbours: the UK as an international document supplier
Authors: Bradford Jean 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to report the results of an investigation into the way that British libraries supply copies and returnables in response to requests from overseas libraries.Design/methodology/approachAn e‐mail questionnaire was sent to the mailing list lis‐ill@jiscmail.ac.uk to explore the policies and practices of other libraries in the UK.FindingsThe research showed that there is great variation between British libraries in their response to requests from overseas. Some libraries supplied very few items and others received many more requests. As an informal survey was used there is an opportunity for further more systematic research into the policies and practices of UK libraries. It is suggested that more use can be made of web pages to provide information about the policies and services that individual libraries offer. It is reported that the use of credit cards and IFLA vouchers as methods of payment has removed some barriers to co‐operation. IDS librarians are encouraged to do more to help their colleagues overseas as UK libraries need to obtain copies and returnables from their neighbours outside the UK.Originality/valueThe study gives insights into the workings of the UK system of providing loans and copies to other countries from the perspective of a major research library.
Library customer service in an Italian university library: from ILL to circulation and back
Authors: Vaglio Anna , D'Urso Manuela 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to describe the changes taking place at Bocconi University in Milan, Italy, after the introduction of a new automated system, and to propose the integration of the work of the Document Supply (DS) and the Circulation Departments with radical changes in the job descriptions of both.Design/methodology/approachThe paper is descriptive in nature.FindingsAutomation has led to process changes but not yet to the staffing changes that have become possible.Originality/valueThe paper shows how one university is responding to the changes that are taking place technologically and particularly in relation to document supply librarians and staff in the service areas of the main library.
Becoming a community of critically reflective HR practitioners
Authors: Lawless Aileen , McQue Liz 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insight into the central role of critical reflection for practitioners.Design/methodology/approachThis joint paper is informed by a practitioner and an academic perspective and is an output from ongoing research. An MA in Strategic HR provides the initial focus. This partnership programme is informed by action learning ethos and method and the emancipatory potential of critical reflection. The paper illustrates how students talk about becoming critically reflective, and in doing so it explores the opportunities and challenges involved.FindingsIt is argued that in order for critical reflection to realise its potential of emancipatory change, pedagogy needs to be underpinned by critical process and critical content. However, it is unfortunate that a majority of critical literature appears to be addressed to an academic audience. The paper also highlights the need to support learning conversations beyond the original set.Originality/valueThe paper highlights the need for development initiatives to support the questioning of taken‐for‐granted assumptions. This draws attention to the necessity of supporting an emerging community of critically reflective practitioners by ensuring an open dialogue about values and practice.
Fostering an action‐reflection dynamic amongst student practitioners
Authors: Francis Helen , Cowan John 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThis paper seeks to explore changes taking place in a curriculum design for postgraduate teaching in personnel and development, aimed at enhancing lifelong learning. A scheme is described which aims to improve the alignment for professional development of students, in ways that facilitate critically reflective practice.Design/methodology/approachThe authors draw on their personal experiences as a programme leader (Master's in HRM) and an educational consultant to describe their strategy for critically reflective continuous professional development (CPD). In doing so, their practice is related to some of the theories underlying critical reflection, and the key challenges in seeking to engage student practitioners in professional development of this kind are drawn out.FindingsIt is argued that achieving an alignment between the development and assessment of student capabilities is vital to the development of critical reflection, and it is explained how the strategy presented for CPD supports self‐management of this process.Practical implicationsAlthough the paper is grounded in the authors' particular experiences and structure for student support, it is hoped that reflections on these can be of general value to those interested in developing critically reflective practice amongst students which is both effective and practical in the increasingly demanding world of higher education.Originality/valueThe self‐managed process explored in the paper is framed by a social approach to learning that places peer interaction at the forefront of the learning processes involved.
Postgraduate education to support organisation change: a reflection on reflection
Authors: Stewart Jim , Keegan Anne , Stevens Pam 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThis paper aims to explore how teaching and assessing reflective learning skills can support postgraduate practitioners studying organisational change and explores the challenges for tutors in assessing these journals.Design/methodology/approachAssessment criteria were developed from the literature on reflective practice and organisational power and politics and mapped against the content of the journals to understand how and why students had benefited from keeping the journals. The extent to which they had engaged in “deep” learning was also assessed.FindingsTensions arose between giving students sufficient scope and designing appropriate assessment guidelines. Students submitted a wide variety and quality of journals; everything from a DVD, to a diary to a “standard” essay. Reflective journals were found to be an effective tool for students who are practitioners involved in organisational change through their capacity to promote deep rather than surface learning. An unintended outcome of the study was the recognition that reflective practice in postgraduate education supports the skills required to develop the “thinking performer”.Research limitations/implicationsThe study was small scale, and not retested.Practical implicationsThe study has reinforced the significance of the link between thinking (critical reflection) and performing (workplace application), within organisational change. It has also demonstrated that non‐traditional forms of assessment have greater capacity to promote deep learning than do conventional essays, especially where students are not HR specialists yet are tasked with leading complex organisational change projects. Therefore the use of reflective journals could be extended to other postgraduate programmes with skill requirements in organisational change and management.Originality/valueWhile there is now a growing body of literature on reflective practice, few studies exist which examine how learning journals are assessed, particularly for line managers. The analysis has encouraged further research into the development of critical reflection, the use and benefits of learning journals and more specifically, how educators can develop sufficiently robust assessment criteria for such journals.
Critical reflection in the workplace: is it just too difficult?
Authors: Rigg Clare , Trehan Kiran 
Published: June 2008

PurposeThe intentions of this article are to contribute reflections of an empirical account of working with critical reflection within an organisational development programme, addressing the following questions: What space is there for critical reflection in organisational development? What issues are raised for in‐company developers and providers by advocating critical reflection in organisation practice?Design/methodology/approachA case study approach is taken, presenting an empirical account of a management and organisational development programme that integrated action learning and critical reflection.FindingsThe account illustrates difficulties of employing critical reflection within the workplace arising from the more complex power relations between the multiple stakeholders in a commercial context. In particular, dissonance provoked by critical reflection confronts the client with a tension over whether to see organisation members primarily as customers to please or as participants in a change process which inevitably will disrupt.Practical implicationsIn making sense of the perspectives of different stakeholders a model is presented to help practitioners in development of this kind to anticipate potential issues.Originality/valueThe paper presents a rare account of employing critical reflection in a work organisation development programme.