bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Intervention, recruitment and evaluation challenges in the Bangladeshi community: Experience from a peer lead educational course
Authors: Choudhury SM , Brophy S , Fareedi MA , Zaman B , Ahmed P , Williams DRR 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
The incidence of Type 2 diabetes is increasing worldwide and diabetes is four times more common among ethnic minority groups than among the general Caucasian population. This study reflects on the specific issues of engaging people and evaluating interventions through written questionnaires within older ethnic minority groups.

Methods
The original protocol set out to evaluate an adapted version of the X-PERT® patient program http://www.xpert-diabetes.org.uk/ using questionnaires and interviews.

Results
Questionnaires, even verbally completed, were unsuccessful and difficult to administer as participants found the questionnaire structure and design difficult to follow and did not perceive any benefit to completing the questionnaires. The benefits of attending the course were also poorly understood by participants and in many cases people participated in coming to the course as a favour to the researcher. Engaging participants required word of mouth and the involvement of active members of the community.

Conclusion
Peer led courses and their evaluation in older ethnic minority communities needs a very different approach for that in younger Caucasian patients. A structured approached to evaluation (favoured by western educational system) is inappropriate. Engaging participants is difficult and the employment of local well known people is essential.
Lysozyme M deficiency leads to an increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced otitis media
Authors: Shimada Jun , Moon Sung K , Lee Haa-Yung , Takeshita Tamotsu , Pan Huiqi , Woo Jeong-Im , Gellibolian Robert , Yamanaka Noboru , Lim David J 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
Lysozyme is an antimicrobial innate immune molecule degrading peptidoglycan of the bacterial cell wall. Lysozyme shows the ubiquitous expression in wide varieties of species and tissues including the tubotympanum of mammals. We aim to investigate the effects of lysozyme depletion on pneumococcal clearance from the middle ear cavity.

Methods
Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize lysozyme in the Eustachian tube. Lysozyme expression was compared between the wild type and the lysozyme M-/- mice using real time quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. Muramidase activity and bactericidal activity of lysozyme was measured using a lysoplate radial diffusion assay and a liquid broth assay, respectively. To determine if depletion of lysozyme M increases a susceptibility to pneumococal otitis media, 50 CFU of S. pneumoniae 6B were transtympanically inoculated to the middle ear and viable bacteria were counted at day 3 and 7 with clinical grading of middle ear inflammation.

Results
Immunolabeling revealed that localization of lysozyme M and lysozyme P is specific to some/particular cell types of the Eustachian tube. Lysozyme P of lysozyme M-/- mice was mainly expressed in the submucosal gland but not in the tubal epithelium. Although lysozyme M-/- mice showed compensatory up-regulation of lysozyme P, lysozyme M depletion resulted in a decrease in both muramidase and antimicrobial activities. Deficiency in lysozyme M led to an increased susceptibility to middle ear infection with S. pneumoniae 6B and resulted in severe middle ear inflammation, compared to wild type mice.

Conclusion
The results suggest that lysozyme M plays an important role in protecting the middle ear from invading pathogens, particularly in the early phase. We suggest a possibility of the exogenous lysozyme as an adjuvant therapeutic agent for otitis media, but further studies are necessary.
Odin (ANKS1A) is a Src family kinase target in colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Emaduddin Muhammad , Edelmann Mariola J , Kessler Benedikt M , Feller Stephan M 
Published: October 2008

Abstract

Background
Src family kinases (SFK) are implicated in the development of some colorectal cancers (CRC). One SFK member, Lck, is not detectable in normal colonic epithelium, but becomes aberrantly expressed in a subset of CRCs. Although SFK have been extensively studied in fibroblasts and different types of immune cells, their physical and functional targets in many epithelial cancers remain poorly characterised.

Results
64 CRC cell lines were tested for expression of Lck. SW620 CRC cells, which express high levels of Lck and also contain high basal levels of tyrosine phosphorylated (pY) proteins, were then analysed to identify novel SFK targets. Since SH2 domains of SFK are known to often bind substrates after phosphorylation by the kinase domain, the LckSH2 was compared with 14 other SH2s for suitability as affinity chromatography reagent. Mass spectrometric analyses of LckSH2-purified pY proteins subsequently identified several proteins readily known as SFK kinase substrates, including cortactin, Tom1L1 (SRCASM), GIT1, vimentin and AFAP1L2 (XB130). Additional proteins previously reported as substrates of other tyrosine kinase were also detected, including the EGF and PDGF receptor target Odin. Odin was further analysed and found to contain substantially less pY upon inhibition of SFK activity in SW620 cells, indicating that it is a formerly unknown SFK target in CRC cells.

Conclusion
Rapid identification of known and novel SFK targets in CRC cells is feasible with SH2 domain affinity chromatography. The elucidation of new SFK targets like Odin in epithelial cancer cells is expected to lead to novel insight into cancer cell signalling mechanisms and may also serve to indicate new biomarkers for monitoring tumor cell responses to drug treatments.
Complete clinical response of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma to sorafenib in a patient with hemochromatosis: A case report
Authors: So Brian J , Bekaii-Saab Tanios , Bloomston Mark A , Patel Tushar 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is rare, but increasing in prevalence in the United States. Recent studies have shown that sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, can reduce tumor progression in patients with this cancer. However, complete remission has not been observed. We report a case of a 78-year old patient with unresectable metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma who had a rapid and complete clinical response following therapy with sorafenib for six months. No evidence of disease recurrence has been noted for 6 months after discontinuation of therapy.
Idiopathic portal hypertension in an "inactive" HBV carrier: a case report
Authors: Vassiliadis Themistoklis G , Gatopoulou Anthia , Patsiaoura Kaliopi , Giouleme Olga , Soufleris Konstantinos , Boubonaris Alexandros , Katsinelos Panagiotis , Eugenidis Nikolaos 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Idiopathic portal hypertension belongs to the group of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, its etiology is still unknown but its prognosis is excellent. We report a case of 45 year old female with inactive hepatitis B virus (HBV) carrier status and persistently elevated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), presented with features of portal hypertension and without evidence of cirrhosis or fibrosis on liver biopsy.
Recurrence dynamics does not depend on the recurrence site
Authors: Demicheli Romano , Biganzoli Elia , Boracchi Patrizia , Greco Marco , Retsky Michael W 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Introduction
The dynamics of breast cancer recurrence and death, indicating a bimodal hazard rate pattern, has been confirmed in various databases. A few explanations have been suggested to help interpret this finding, assuming that each peak is generated by clustering of similar recurrences and different peaks result from distinct categories of recurrence.

Methods
The recurrence dynamics was analysed in a series of 1526 patients undergoing conservative surgery at the National Cancer Institute of Milan, Italy, for whom the site of first recurrence was recorded. The study was focused on the first clinically relevant event occurring during the follow up (ie, local recurrence, distant metastasis, contralateral breast cancer, second primary tumour), the dynamics of which was studied by estimating the specific hazard rate.

Results
The hazard rate for any recurrence (including both local and distant disease relapses) displayed a bimodal pattern with a first surge peaking at about 24 months and a second peak at almost 60 months. The same pattern was observed when the whole recurrence risk was split into the risk of local recurrence and the risk of distant metastasis. However, the hazard rate curves for both contralateral breast tumours and second primary tumours revealed a uniform course at an almost constant level. When patients with distant metastases were grouped by site of recurrence (soft tissue, bone, lung or liver or central nervous system), the corresponding hazard rate curves displayed the typical bimodal pattern with a first peak at about 24 months and a later peak at about 60 months.

Conclusions
The bimodal dynamics for early stage breast cancer recurrence is again confirmed, providing support to the proposed tumour-dormancy-based model. The recurrence dynamics does not depend on the site of metastasis indicating that the timing of recurrences is generated by factors influencing the metastatic development regardless of the seeded organ. This finding supports the view that the disease course after surgical removal of the primary tumour follows a common pathway with well-defined steps and that the recurrence risk pattern results from inherent features of the metastasis development process, which are apparently attributable to tumour cells.
Non-linear vibro-impact phenomenon belying transmission idle rattle
Authors: Tangasawi O , Theodossiades S , Rahnejat H , Kelly P 
Published: October 2008

This paper investigates automotive transmission gear rattle. Specifically, idle gear rattle, where the repetitive impacts of teeth are subject to light loads is investigated. Hydrodynamic regime of lubrication prevails in lightly loaded impact of teeth pairs. Formation of a lubricant film is due to the combined entraining motion of the lubricant and squeeze film effect. A lumped parameter inertial dynamic model, comprising hydrodynamic impact and flank friction for pairs of simultaneous teeth pairs of loose gears is developed. The overall dynamic model includes seven loose gear pairs and rigid body lateral motions of input and output transmission shafts. Therefore, the influence of fluid film behaviour on idle gear rattle is determined, which has hitherto not attracted sufficient research studies. Gear rattle is manifested by a vibration signature, which corresponds to the bands of frequencies due to torsional engine oscillations, meshing frequencies, and impact characteristics of lubricated conjunctions. The spectral contributions are affected by lubricant rheology, specifically its bulk viscosity variation with temperature. It has been found that spectral disposition tends towards lower frequency contributions with reducing lubricant viscosity because of rising temperatures and lowering lubricant stiffness. The findings conform with the experimental results, also reported in the paper. It has also been shown that squeeze film motion plays a significant role in the propensity of transmission system to rattle.
S1′ and S2′ subsite specificities of human plasma kallikrein and tissue kallikrein 1 for the hydrolysis of peptides derived from the bradykinin domain of human kininogen
Authors: Lima Aurelio Resende , Alves Fabiana M. , Ângelo Pedro Francisco , Andrade Douglas , Blaber Sachiko I. , Blaber Michael , Juliano Luiz , Juliano Maria Aparecida 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe S1′ and S2′ subsite specificities of human tissue kallikrein 1 (KLK1) and human plasma kallikrein (HPK) were examined with the peptide series Abz-GFSPFRXSRIQ-EDDnp and Abz-GFSPFRSXRIQ-EDDnp [X=natural amino acids or S(PO3H2)]. KLK1 efficiently hydrolyzed most of the peptides except those containing negatively charged amino acids at P1′ and P2′ positions. Abz-GFSPFRSSRIQ-EDDnp, as in human kininogen, is the best substrate for KLK1 and exclusively cleaved the R-S bond. All other peptides were cleaved also at the F-R bond. The synthetic human kininogen segment Abz-MISLMKRPPGFSPFRS390S391RI-NH2was hydrolyzed by KLK1 first at R-S and then at M-K bonds, releasing Lys-bradykinin. In the S390and S391phosphorylated analogs, this order of hydrolysis was inverted due to the higher resistance of the R-S bond. Abz-MISLMKRPPG-FSPFRSS(PO3H2)391RI-NH2was hydrolyzed by KLK1 at M-K and mainly at the F-R bond, releasing des-(Arg9)-Lys-Bk which is a B1 receptor agonist. HPK cleaved all the peptides at R and showed restricted specificity for S in the S1′ subsite, with lower specificity for the S2′ subsite. Abz-MISLMKRPPGFSPFRSSRI-NH2was efficiently hydrolyzed by HPK under bradykinin release, while the analogs containing S(PO3H2) were poorly hydrolyzed. In conclusion, S1′ and S2′ subsite specificities of KLK1 and HPK showed peculiarities that were observed with substrates containing the amino acid sequence of human kininogen.
An efficient fluorimetric method to measure the viability of intraerythrocytic Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Evers Astrid , Heppner Saskia , Leippe Matthias , Gelhaus Christoph 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
A range of various assays to measure chemosusceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum have been described in the literature. As the screening of a plethora of compounds for antiplasmodial activity is urgently needed and becomes a constantly increasing routine analysis, a test system has to fulfill the following requirements: sensitivity, reliability, simplicity of performance, high-throughput compatibility, and cost-effectiveness. Here, we describe an assay that fulfills all criteria and in which the fluorescent SYTOX® Green dye is introduced to determine growth inhibition of Plasmodia in in vitro cultures.
Interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) with membrane-bound carboxypeptidase M (CPM) – a new function of ACE
Authors: Sun Xiaoou , Wiesner Burkhard , Lorenz Dorothea , Papsdorf Gisela , Pankow Kristin , Wang Po , Dietrich Nils , Siems Wolf-Eberhard , Maul Björn 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) demonstrates, besides its typical dipeptidyl-carboxypeptidase activity, several unusual functions. Here, we demonstrate with molecular, biochemical, and cellular techniques that the somatic wild-type murine ACE (mACE), stably transfected in Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) or Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cells, interacts with endogenous membranal co-localized carboxypeptidase M (CPM). CPM belongs to the group of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins. Here we report that ACE, completely independent of its known dipeptidase activities, has GPI-targeted properties. Our results indicate that the spatial proximity between mACE and the endogenous CPM enables an ACE-evoked release of CPM. These results are discussed with respect to the recently proposed GPI-ase activity and function of sperm-bound ACE.
T-SP1: a novel serine protease-like protein predominantly expressed in testis
Authors: Neth Peter , Profanter Birgit , Geissler Claudia , Nägler Dorit K. , Nerlich Andreas , Sommerhoff Christian P. , Jochum Marianne 
Published: October 2008

AbstractHere, we describe a novel member in the group of membrane-anchored chymotrypsin (S1)-like serine proteases, namely testis serine protease 1 (T-SP1), as it is principally expressed in testis tissue. The human T-SP1 gene encompasses 28.7 kb on the short arm of chromosome 8 and consists of seven exons. Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) experiments revealed that due to alternative splicing three different variants (T-SP1/1, -2, -3) are detectable in testis tissue displaying pronounced heterogeneity at their 3′-end. T-SP1/1 consists of an 18 amino acid signal peptide and of a 49 amino acid propeptide. The following domain with the catalytic triad of His108, Asp156, and Ser250shares sequence identities of 42% and 40% with the blood coagulation factor XI and plasma kallikrein, respectively. Only T-SP1/1 contains a hydrophobic part at the C-terminus, which provides the basis for cell membrane anchoring. Using a newly generated polyclonal anti-T-SP1 antibody, expression of the T-SP1 protein was found in the Leydig and Sertoli cells of the testis and in the epithelial cells of the ductuli efferentes. Notably, T-SP1 protein was also detectable in prostate cancer and in some ovarian cancer tissues, indicating tumor-related synthesis of T-SP1 beyond testis tissue.
Quantitative expression analysis and prognostic significance of the novel apoptosis-related gene BCL2L12 in colon cancer
Authors: Kontos Christos K. , Papadopoulos Iordanis N. , Scorilas Andreas 
Published: October 2008

Abstract
Apoptosis is a tightly regulated process that plays a critical role in many biological events. Members of the BCL2 (Bcl-2) family of apoptosis-related genes have been found to be differentially expressed in various malignancies and have been proposed as prognostic tumor biomarkers. We have recently discovered and cloned a new member of the BCL2 gene family, BCL2L12, expressed in colon tissues. Here we have investigated expression of the BCL2L12 gene in colon cancer tissues and assessed its prognostic value. Total RNA was isolated from 96 specimens of malignant colon tissue. After testing the RNA quality, cDNA was prepared by reverse transcription. A highly sensitive real-time PCR method for BCL2L12 mRNA quantification was developed using SYBR® Green chemistry. GAPDH served as a housekeeping gene. Relative quantification analysis was performed using the comparative CT method (2-ΔΔCT). High BCL2L12 expression levels were found in smaller (≤5 cm, p=0.027) and well-differentiated tumors (p=0.034), as well as in early-stage tumors (p=0.039). Survival analysis demonstrated that patients with BCL2L12-positive colon tumors have significantly longer disease-free survival and overall survival (p=0.015 and p=0.027, respectively). Our results suggest that BCL2L12 gene expression may represent a potential new biomarker for colon cancer.
Reflections on the tissue kallikrein and kallikrein-related peptidase family – from mice to men – what have we learnt in the last two decades?
Authors: Clements Judith A. 
Published: October 2008

AbstractThe genes encoding the kininogenase, glandular tissue kallikrein, in rodents and man were first described in the mid-1980s. Remarkably, they appeared to be part of a much larger highly conserved family of genes (GK) in rodents, but only had two paralogs in man. This discrepancy was not rectified until the late 1990s/2000 with the identification of a cluster of 12 more kallikrein-related (KLK) genes in the human 19q13 locus and the subsequent identification of their rodent homologs. Interestingly, there are remarkable similarities in expression patterns, hormonal regulation and functional attributes of the old (GK) and new (KLK) families which underscore the evolutionary conservation across these loci and species. This historical perspective focuses on the lessons learned from earlier studies on the rodentGKgene families and the striking similarities of some attributes, yet uniqueness, of others. These earlier findings have all contributed to the current status of the KLK serine peptidase-encoding gene family as an exciting source of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
50 Jahre Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg. Ein Erfahrungsbericht über die letzten zweieinhalb Jahrzehnte
Authors: Schrimm Kurt , Riedel Joachim 
Published: October 2008

Vorspann
Die Zentrale Stelle in Ludwigsburg ist das Herzstück der justiziellen Ahndung von NSVerbrechen. 1958 gegründet, spielte die einzigartige Institution bei der Einleitung fast aller großen Prozesse eine wichtige Rolle. Der jetzige Leiter und sein Stellvertreter ziehen hier Bilanz und blicken dabei vor allem auf die letzten 25 Jahre zurück, in denen die Zentrale Stelle dazu überging, umfassende eigenständige Ermittlungen im In- und Ausland durchzuführen – und dabei immer wieder beachtliche Erfolge verbuchen konnte.
Sowjetische Kriegsgefangene in deutschem Gewahrsam 1941–1945. Zahlen und Dimensionen
Authors: Otto Reinhard , Keller Rolf , Nagel Jens 
Published: October 2008

Vorspann
Die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen stellen nach den Juden die zweitgrößte Opfergruppe nationalsozialistischer Vernichtungspolitik dar. Die Gesamtzahl der sowjetischen Soldaten in deutscher Hand und die genaue Zahl der Opfer sind jedoch noch immer nicht bekannt. Auf der Grundlage neu erschlossener personenbezogener Quellen und langjähriger Studien gelingt es den Autoren, für den Zuständigkeitsbereich des OKW exakte Zahlen zu ermitteln und nachzuweisen, dass immerhin 2,8 Millionen sowjetischer Kriegsgefangener individuell registriert worden sind, so dass sich deren Schicksal genauer nachvollziehen lässt.
Hitler und sein Stoßtrupp in der Reichskristallnacht
Authors: Hermann Angela 
Published: October 2008

Vorspann
Die Urheberschaft für die antisemitischen Pogrome des 9. November 1938 wurde in der Forschung lange Reichspropagandaminister Joseph Goebbels zugeschrieben. Angela Hermann, langjährige Mitarbeiterin der Goebbels-Edition des Instituts für Zeitgeschichte und mit quellenkritischen Studien zu den Goebbels-Tagebüchern jüngst promoviert, kann nun aber nachweisen: Nicht der Propagandaminister, sondern in erster Linie Hitler selbst und dessen seit 1923 legendärer „Stoßtrupp“ waren für die sogenannte „Reichskristallnacht“ verantwortlich.
Die Strafverfolgung von NS-Verbrechen durch westdeutsche Justizbehörden seit 1945. Eine Zahlenbilanz
Authors: Eichmüller Andreas 
Published: October 2008

Vorspann
Bilanzen leben von Zahlen – und die waren unsicher. Dieser Mangel warum so schmerzlicher, als er sich auf die Intensität von Strafverfolgung von NS-Verbrechen und damit auf ein besonders sensibles Kapitel der deutschen Geschichte bezog. Andreas Eichmüller, Wissenschaftler am Institut für Zeitgeschichte, schafft hier Abhilfe, wobei er sich auf umfassende neuere Forschungen im Rahmen eines Kooperationsprojekts mit der Holocaust-Gedenkstätte Yad Vashem stützen kann.
Staat im Staate? Zur Kooperation von Reichswehr und Republik in der Frage des Grenz- und Landesschutzes
Authors: Bergien Rüdiger 
Published: October 2008

Vorspann
Wie weit stützte die Weimarer Republik die geheimen Rüstungs- und Mobilmachungsvorbereitungen der Reichswehr? Handelten die Militärs nur im eigenen Interesse oder konnten sie auf eine Rückendeckung von Staat und Verwaltung vertrauen? Dokumentenfunde im polnischen Wojwodschaftsarchiv in Posen lassen die Beziehungen zwischen Reichswehr, Politik und Administration in einem neuen Licht erscheinen.
Osteoprotegerin: regulator, protector and marker
Authors: El Hadj Othmane Taha , Speer Gábor , Fekete Bertalan , Szabó Tamás , Egresits József , Fodor Erzsébet , Kiss István , Nemcsik János , Szabó András , Németh Zsófia , Szathmári Miklós , Tislér András 
Published: October 2008

A csontbiológia terén végzett vizsgálatok vezettek a tumornekrózis-faktorok családjába tartozó receptorok, így az osteoprotegerin és a receptor activator of nuclear factor κB (RANK) szerepének tisztázásához a csontátépülés folyamatának szabályozásában. A RANK receptor ligandja (RANKL) a csontreszorpció stimulátora, míg az osteoprotegerin a csont keringő, szolúbilis protektora. A csontátépülés kóros állapotai (így az osteoporosis is) összefüggnek az osteoprotegerin és a RANKL közti egyensúlyi állapot megbomlásával. Az elmúlt évek eredményei rámutattak arra is, hogy az osteoprotegerin/RANKL/RANK rendszer fontos szerepet játszik az immun- és a vascularis rendszer szabályozásában. Közleményünkben az elsődlegesen „csontprotektor” hatásúként megismert osteoprotegerin funkcióját, szabályozását és patológiás állapotokban – döntően a cardiovascularis megbetegedésekben – játszott szerepét, rizikómarkerként való alkalmazhatóságát foglaljuk össze. Végül krónikus hemodializált betegeink között végzett prospektív vizsgálatunkat ismertetjük, amelyben az ezen betegek cardiovascularis mortalitása, OPG-szérumszintje és érfali tágulékonysága közti összefüggést vizsgáltuk – pozitív eredménnyel.