bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Concept of principles of administrative proceedings and their system
Authors: Ostashchenko A. S. 
Published: February 2024

The article defines the principles of administrative proceedings. Attention is focused on the fact that ensuring consideration and resolution of public-law conflicts, which are the subject of an appeal to an administrative court, should be based on the application of the established system of principles of administrative justice. It is noted that without observing the principles, it is impossible to achieve the unity of judicial practice. The author substantiated that the meaning and essence of the principles of administrative proceedings in the modern conditions of European integration must be considered by comparing them with the category of principles of law and principles of public administration.
Conventionally, the principles of administrative proceedings in the system of principles of law are classified as sectoral and inter-sectoral principles. The author justifies that the principles of the judiciary should be understood as guiding principles (ideas), the implementation of which helps to solve the tasks of the judiciary, to ensure the effectiveness of its means and methods. Administrative justice is characterized by the presence of special tasks, the main of which is the protection of human and citizen rights and freedoms against the arbitrariness of officials and officials of state authorities and local self-government bodies. It is the principles of the judiciary that must be implemented in a close relationship and interdependence; only the unity of implementation of judicial principles determines their ability to properly settle public legal disputes and conflicts. Each principle of administrative justice has its own clear purpose regarding the organization and operation of courts. All principles are mutually conditioned, they cannot be considered without taking into account the general unity. They act together, closely intersect, pass into each other and flow from each other. This can be explained by the fact that all principles are united by one common goal, namely, the proper organization of judicial bodies and their effective activity. Taken together, all principles create a certain system of basic principles of administrative proceedings. The system of principles of the judicial process is a complex of grouped provisions, which are characterized by the unity of goals and tasks of a set of independent in their content, but interrelated and objectively determined principles, forming precisely in this set such a qualitative unity, without which the corresponding type of judicial procedure loses its sense. The principles of administrative proceedings are the basis for all other rules in the administrative process, and therefore there should be exactly as many of them as the present requires.
Privacy by design. User-held data model as a basis for Privacy and Personal Data protection in social networks
Authors: Prystai R. A. 
Published: February 2024

The article reveals the concept and features of privacy by design approach. An analysis of the legislation of the European Union, which regulates the obligation to comply with mentioned concept, namely the provisions of the General Data Protection Regulation, was carried out. Within the framework of the concept of privacy by design, the concepts and pecularities of using user-held data model are studied, which aims to change the legal regulation and technical support of information security as well as the security of personal data in social networks.
In order to achieve the goal of the research, the need to introduce the specified model of data protection was analyzed – namely practical problems of personal data protection within the peculiarities of the market of social network service providers. The need of the interpretation of personal data as an object of property right was outlined, as well as the interpretation of the purpose of the meta data itself as personal information about a person that can be used to recognize or track a person separately or in combination with other information, which is directly stated in the OMB Act No. A-130, however, is neither interpreted similarly in the Data Protection Regulation nor in the legislation of Ukraine. The main advantages of implementing a user-held data model are presented, namely the advantages for data owners, businesses, the state, and cloud service providers for providing and maintaining the model.
Legislation in the field of personal data protection in the EU, in particular in the field of social networks, is more complex at the supranational and national level. It is provided with a separate regulatory and organizational mechanisms, which are different from the one that exists today in Ukraine. The mechanism for the protection of personal data in the European Union provides the creation of independent public authority that is responsible for the implementation and compliance with the requirements of the General Data Protection Regulation. The article highlights the need to create a single separate body in the field of personal data protection in Ukraine, which will be able to perform the function of monitoring and ensuring compliance with the requirements of the relevant legislation, in particular, compliance with privacy by design.
Problems of tax legislation in the conditions of martial law
Authors: Tatyanchenko O. A. 
Published: February 2024

The question of reforming the tax system is becoming increasingly urgent in the conditions of martial law and inevitable. The tax system is the basis of the country’s economic development. The level of social development, indicators of GDP growth, the number of working enterprises and investments in the country are a complete reflection of the state of the country’s tax system. Martial law requires immediate changes to the tax legislation adapted to the prevailing conditions.
Since the beginning of the war, the first emergency changes to tax legislation have been adopted, but the impact of martial law on the economy is extremely dynamic, which requires flexible tax legislation that provides for the rapid transformation of the tax system to any conditions, that is, a universal and stable system of laws that is able to respond to any changes in the country.
But a very big problem arose between balancing the development of the economy and ensuring the country’s defense system. The business has significantly reduced economic activity, has problems with working capital, closes and goes into the shadows. The state tried to stimulate business activity, including through taxes. But the low effectiveness of the tax policy of the state under the conditions of war is a problem today.
Martial law is a trigger for introducing tax reforms in Ukraine. In August of last year, the project of the “10-10-10” program was presented, which provides for a reduction to 10% of the key tax rates – VAT (now – 20%), on the income of individuals (18%) and on the profit of enterprises (18%). Also, the reform provides for the cancellation of EUV and tax benefits and the establishment of the military levy at the level of 3% (instead of 1.5%).
Perfection as a value-regulatory principle of ethics of humanism and Renaissance culture of the 14th-16th centuries
Authors: Semenov A. M. 
Published: February 2024

The article presents and systematizes the fundamental concepts of a philosophical approach to the human perfection in the European spiritual culture of the 14th-16th centuries, namely, in the philosophical pursuits during the period of the Italian Renaissance and the establishment of civic humanism. The research is focused on the basic trends in the inception of the idea of human perfection as well as on its characteristics. Under the analysis are the essential traits of the philosophy of man in the treatises of a number of distinguished thinkers of the period of European Renaissance of the 14th-16th centuries. The article argues that the issues of the free will, natural structure, harmony as well as individual and social dialectics are indicative of a broad spectrum of the Philosophy of Man in the spiritual culture of the 14th-16th centuries. These issues point to the emergence and moulding of a social person, a citizen and a legal entity.
A special emphasis in the research is laid on the importance and the need to seek the standards and ideals of human life and to provide a philosophical and ethical search for the implementation of the principles of human life and the revival of the standards of human perfection in its universal ascension to the ultimate truths.
The author offers his own assessment of the formation and development of the issues related to a perfectly wise human being. The concusions are drawn pertaining to the evolution of the philosophy of man in the spiritual culture of the 14th-16th centuries.
The author comes to the conclusion that, in general, the divine in human nature and man in the divine continuum in all the beauty of self-expression and harmony is one of the main elements of philosophical reflections on perfection as a valuable universe of humanistic ethics. Perfection as an invariant function of a person’s self-regulation in a degree comparison received much less development next to the ethical-aesthetic and spiritual foundations of the formation, development and regeneration of the Renaissance man.
As a spiritual-intellectual, aesthetic, psychological complex, humanism was characteristic of the worldview and worldview of certain strata of society, in which the principle of perfection was a practical-humanistic regulatory-value principle. The function of theoretical internalization of the person in the philosophy of humanism undoubtedly had a place. The problems of free will, natural organization, harmony, the dialectic of the individual and the social testify to a wide range of intra-subjective philosophical analysis in the systems of the 11th and 11th centuries, and, at the same time, philosophical and ethical searches were aimed at realizing the principles of human life, on the revival of standards of human perfection in his universal ascent to higher truths.
Digitalization of services in the field of patients’ rights protection: current state and prospects for the development of legislation
Authors: Shatalova L. M. , Kulaha E. V. 
Published: February 2024

This scientific article is devoted to the current problems of digital transformation in the field of health care and the introduction of electronic medical services. The main directions of introduction of the digitalization process in the sphere of medicines circulation in Ukraine are revealed, the attention is focused on the positive and negative moments of digitalization in the sphere of medicines circulation in Ukraine. Possible areas for improving digitalization in the field of circulation of medicines in Ukraine are identified, as well as the need to improve the legal regulation of digitalization in the field of circulation of medicines in Ukraine in order to protect the rights and interests of patients in the field of medicines. The article analyses the current state of legal regulation of digitalisation in the healthcare sector of Ukraine and the readiness to provide quality electronic healthcare services to patients. The authors have identified the need to adopt and amend regulations that would regulate the development of the electronic healthcare system, in particular, the introduction of an electronic public health system; electronic document management in the field of healthcare; implementation of measures to ensure the safety of medicines and the creation of an electronic prescription; expansion of the functions of the electronic system of state registers; automation of medical services; and legalisation of medical cannabis.
The article examines the problems of legalisation of cannabis for medical purposes in Ukraine. International legal acts and standards in the field of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances are analysed. The authors review national legislative acts regulating the production and trafficking of narcotic drugs, psychotropic substances and precursors.
The article examines the German experience of legal support for patients’ access to the necessary medical cannabis treatment for various diseases and post-traumatic stress disorders. The article identifies the specifics of legal regulation of medical cannabis treatment services. The authors outline two types of medical cannabis treatment services - general and special, which differ in procedural features.
Object of illegal activity of organizing or conducting gambling games, lotteries and its place in the system of criminal law norms
Authors: Nachynjanyj D. 
Published: February 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the object of the criminal law norm on illegal activities of organizing or conducting gambling games, lotteries, the results of which proved the correctness of the location of Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in Chapter VII entitled “Criminal offenses in the sphere of economic activity”. The article analyzes the specifics of the definition of the main direct object of the criminal offense provided for in Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, which in the third form of the objective side has a controversial interpretation, in particular, it is considered as social relations of morality. In the part related to this issue, the regulatory legislation was analyzed, namely the Law of Ukraine “On State Lotteries in Ukraine” dated 09/06/2012 No. 5204-VI and the Law of Ukraine “On State Regulation of Activities Regarding the Organization and Conduct of Gambling Games” dated 07/14/2020 No. 768-IX.
It was established that the act is provided for in the third form of the current edition of Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine covers the organization and operation of the institution with the aim of providing access to gambling and lotteries. Along with this, it was found that certain types of such activities, despite the criminal law prohibition, are allowed by the regulatory legislation, in particular it was proved that the organization and ensuring the functioning of the establishment with the aim of providing access to gambling games, lotteries should be considered non-equestrian and therefore prohibited only in the case when it concerns:

a physically existing establishment (Internet clubs or internet cafes);
a virtual institution, the organization and functioning of which is carried out without the appropriate permission documents (license).

Organizing or ensuring the functioning of a virtual establishment for the purpose of providing access to gambling games or lotteries conducted on the Internet in the presence of an appropriate license is not subject to a complete criminal law ban.
This causes confusion in the definition of the object of this criminal offense, which is justified in the article to consider public relations in the sphere of economic activities related to the organization of gambling and lotteries
In order to eliminate conflicts and inconsistencies between the current criminal and regulatory legislation, it is proposed to make changes to the current wording of Art. 203-2 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, in particular, in the third form of the objective party, the actions described in it are justified to be described at the legislative level by the concept of “illegal”.
Rule-making by executive authorities: problems of theory and practice
Authors: Panasiuk V.M. , Baltsii Y.Y. , Synytsyn P.M. 
Published: February 2024

The article examines problematic issues of rule-making by executive authorities, which are aimed at improving and ensuring the effectiveness of rule-making activities, which is an effective condition for the successful formation of the legal system of Ukraine, taking into account the state-legal reform, as well as the current level of its development.
When implementing state-legal reform, the needs of rule-making have their own peculiarity, since the legal regulation of social relations cannot be imagined without normative-legal acts of executive authorities. As a result, it can be seen that the main task in this area is to improve and optimize the forms of implementation of their rule-making activities and to determine the degree of legal influence on social relations.
In Ukraine, until recently, due attention was not paid to the problems of sub-legal norm-making. In some areas, they were covered only fragmentarily. As a result, the practice of implementing rule-making activities remains ineffective, since the activities of executive authorities are largely disorganized, and the creation of a new system is extremely slow and contradictory.
It was determined that rule-making is a special activity of the state, in the person of specially authorized subjects of power, which are aimed at the normative consolidation of public needs and interests and the provision of appropriate conditions for the realization of the rights and freedoms of citizens and their effective protection, which is carried out by creating a system internally agreed normative legal acts with the aim of increasing the effectiveness of regulation of social relations in Ukraine.
It is noted that the most fully reveal the content and purpose of the rule-making activity of the executive authorities, its main principles and special features, which contribute to the actual reflection of social regularities in legal prescriptions.
Proposals regarding the improvement of legal regulation of the rule-making activity of the executive authorities were provided.
Polymerase chain reaction: a powerful analytical tool in the field of food safety
Authors: Gablo Natalia 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the canonical DNA analysis technique that has enabled the understanding of the complexity of organisms and significantly advanced achievements in the field of biological sciences. Today, the method is still widely used in basic science research, but PCR-based diagnostics are becoming increasingly important in industries such as food and agriculture. This method provides high sensitivity because it requires trace amounts of template DNA to generate enough copies for detection. Using primers specific to the DNA sequence ensures the high specificity of the test. The advantages of the method are time – and cost-effectiveness and reproducibility. PCR-based techniques have found favor in areas where food traceability is important, whether from an economic, legal, health, or religious-cultural point of view. This review outlines the most important aspects in which the PCR method has been successfully applied, namely in the protection of human health by enabling the identification of foodborne pathogens or allergens. Furthermore, the use of PCR in the so-called green criminology, a branch that deals with tracking illegal practices such as food adulteration, compliance with the labeling rules, and detection of food products containing GMO material or other undeclared food ingredients, was also described.
Gamma radiation shielding properties of (x)Bi2O3–(0.5 – x)ZnO–0.2B2O3–0.3SiO2 glass system
Authors: Kheswa Bonginkosi Vincent 
Published: February 2024

Abstract
Lead (Pb)-based materials are very effective in radiation shielding due to their high density of Pb. However, they pose health risks to humans because of the toxicity of lead. As a result, the investigation of radiation shielding properties of various lead-free glass materials has drawn a lot of attention from researchers. In this work, the γ radiation competence of the Bi2O3–ZnO–B2O3–SiO2 glass network was investigated, for the first time in the 0.015–15 MeV energy range, using Phy-X/PSD and XCOM software systems. The results showed that 45Bi2O3–5ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO2 glass sample has the highest linear attenuation coefficient, mass attenuation coefficient, and effective atomic number, and it has the lowest half-value layer, tenth-value layer, and mean-free path. Therefore, 45Bi2O3–5ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO sample is more effective on γ ray shielding than 10Bi2O3–40ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO, 20Bi2O3–30ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO, 30Bi2O3–20ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO, and 40Bi2O3–10ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO samples. The comparison of the results with the literature also revealed that the 45Bi2O3–5ZnO–20B2O3–30SiO glass sample is even more effective than some of Bi2O3-based glass systems, which were recently developed in the literature, by at least a factor of 2.
Ecology of The Giant Armadillo in The Cerrado Mineiro, In the Southeast Region of Brazil
Authors: Neto Raul Sbroia , Torres José Luiz Rodrigues , Ferreira Ricardo Vicente , Seike Sérgio Hayato , Rosa Renato Paulo , Costa William Raimundo , Vieira Dinamar Márcia da Silva 
Published: February 2024

Objective: Identify and georeference burrows, qualify the soil and predominant vegetation where the giant armadillo lives, in the Cerrado of Triângulo Mineiro.

Method/design/approach: The study was carried out on nine properties in the municipality of Uberaba, MG and one in Uberlândia, MG, covering a total area of 240.8 km2. Burrows with more than 1.0 m deep were adopted as a standard, all of which were georeferenced, for the construction of maps, measurement of areas, definition of phytophysiognomies, determination of distance traveled and spatial distribution of the animal in the region. To record the presence of the animal, 9 photographic cameras were installed in the area, at a height of 0.40 m. Soil samples were collected in 20 locations for chemical analysis at depths of 0-0.20, 0.20-0.40 and 0.40-0.60 m, with 4 replications. A descriptive analysis of the data was carried out using Agroestat Software.

Result and conclusion: The 81 burrows were georeferenced, 41 of them in the Vale Encantado - Private Natural Heritage Reserve (VE-PNHR), where there was a 51% increase in the total number of burrows, with the majority in the Cerrado stricto sensu (41%) and Cerradão (23 %); The animal has a strictly nocturnal habit, with around 96% of activity between 8 pm and 6 am; The animal prefers acidic soils, with low fertility and sandy texture, as these are the places where they find the most food; Around 97% of burrows were recorded at altitudes above 800 meters.

Research implications: In 70% of the areas where the animal's presence was recorded, it has a total area of less than 10 km2, indicating that the animal can survive in areas smaller than those already described in the literature. The fact that 75% of the burrows recorded in the study are considered ancient remains, and the species may no longer inhabit some of the areas studied, confirms the existence of a low density of the species in these evaluated areas of the Minas Gerais cerrado.

Originality/value: The Giant armadillo is one of the large animals in the Brazilian cerrado and is classified as vulnerable by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Knowing the importance of the species for the biodiversity of the cerrado, it is expected that the results generated in this study can help in the formulation of public policies to preserve the species.