bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Results of an exploratory survey within ESTS membership in 2022 on current trend of robotic-assisted thoracic surgery and its training perspectives
Authors: Gandhi Shilpa , Novoa Valentin Nuria Maria , Brunelli Alessandro , Schmitt-Opitz Isabelle , Lugaresi Marialuisa , Daddi Niccolò , Decaluwe Herbert , Batirel Hasan , Veronesi Giulia , Baste Jean-Marc , Lyberis Paraskevas , Dunning Joel ,   ESTS Robotic Working Group, Novoa Nuria Maria , Brunelli Alessandro , Opitz Isabelle , Daddi Niccolò , Decaluwe Herbert , Batirel Hasan , Veronesi Giulia , Baste Jean-Marc , Lyberis Paraskevas 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

OBJECTIVES
Robotic-assisted thoracic surgery (RATS) is increasingly used in our specialty. We surveyed European Society of Thoracic Surgeons membership with the objective to determine current status of robotic thoracic surgery practice including training perspectives.

METHODS
A survey of 17 questions was rolled out with 1 surgeon per unit responses considered as acceptable.

RESULTS
A total of 174 responses were obtained; 56% (97) were board-certified thoracic surgeons; 28% (49) were unit heads. Most responses came from Italy (20); 22% (38) had no robot in their institutions, 31% (54) had limited access and only 17% (30) had full access including proctoring. Da Vinci Xi was the commonest system in 56% (96) centres, 25% (41) of them had dual console in all systems, whereas RATS simulator was available only in half (51.18% or 87). Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) was the most commonly adopted surgical approach in 81% of centres (139), followed by thoracotomy in 67% (115) and RATS in 36% (62); 39% spent their training time on robotic simulator for training, 51% on robotic wet/dry lab, which being no significantly different to 46–59% who had training on VATS platform. There was indeed huge overlap between simulator models or varieties usage; 52% (90) reported of robotic surgery not a part of training curriculum with no plans to introduce it in future. Overall, 51.5% (89) responded of VATS experience being helpful in robotic training in view of familiarity with minimally invasive surgery anatomical views and dissection; 71% (124) reported that future thoracic surgeons should be proficient in both VATS and RATS. Half of the respondents found no difference in earlier chest drain removal with either approach (90), 35% (60) reported no difference in postoperative pain and 49% (84) found no difference in hospital stay; 52% (90) observed better lymph node harvest by RATS.

CONCLUSIONS
Survey concluded on a positive response with at least 71% (123) surgeons recommending to adopt robotics in future.
Lithium-ion battery-pumped storage control strategy for smoothing wind-photovoltaic power fluctuation
Authors: Wu Lile , Wang Huanran , Cheng Zutian , Bai Lei , Li Helei 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Wind, as well as photovoltaic (PV), is widely used. Like loads, its power cannot be predicted, which results in the grid having to bear the power imbalance between wind-PV and loads, and substantial power fluctuations are not tolerated. Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS) containing multiple storage methods are considered effective solutions. In this paper, pumped storage and lithium-ion battery storage are fully considered, as they are supposed to have excellent performance and are highly complementary. We categorize the power imbalance into low, medium, and high according to the magnitude of the power imbalance. When the power fluctuation is low, the battery dominates. In contrast, the pumped storage dominates when the power fluctuation is high. Most importantly, when the power fluctuation is medium, we utilize an optimized first-order low-pass filter to allocate the power between the pumped storage and the lithium-ion battery. We change the filtering time in real-time according to the battery’s state of charge (SOC) to reasonably allocate the power between the pumped storage and the lithium-ion battery and ensure the SOC fluctuates within a reasonable range. This paper confirms the feasibility of the proposed strategy, where the pumped storage power fluctuates very little, in contrast, the battery power fluctuates significantly, and the SOC is always within the set reasonable range. Most importantly, the strategy proposed in this paper is straightforward to implement, which is crucial for engineering applications.
Bounds for Rational Points on Algebraic Curves, Optimal in the Degree, and Dimension Growth
Authors: Binyamini Gal , Cluckers Raf , Novikov Dmitry 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Bounding the number of rational points of height at most $H$ on irreducible algebraic plane curves of degree $d$ has been an intense topic of investigation since the work by Bombieri and Pila. In this paper we establish optimal dependence on $d$ by showing the upper bound $C d^{2} H^{2/d} (\log H)^{\kappa }$ with some absolute constants $C$ and $\kappa $. This bound is optimal with respect to both $d$ and $H$, except for the constants $C$ and $\kappa $. This answers a question raised by Salberger, leading to a simplified proof of his results on the uniform dimension growth conjectures of Heath-Brown and Serre, and where at the same time we replace the $H^{\varepsilon }$ factor by a power of $\log H$. The main strength of our approach comes from the combination of a new, efficient form of smooth parametrizations of algebraic curves with a century-old criterion of Pólya, which allows us to save one extra power of $d$ compared with the standard approach using Bézout’s theorem.
Ferrihydrite-mediated methanotrophic nitrogen fixation in paddy soil under hypoxia
Authors: Yu Linpeng , Jia Rong , Liu Shiqi , Li Shuan , Zhong Sining , Liu Guohong , Zeng Raymond Jianxiong , Rensing Christopher , Zhou Shungui 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) by methanotrophic bacteria has been shown to play an important role in maintaining fertility. However, this process is still limited to aerobic methane oxidation with sufficient oxygen. It has remained unknown whether and how methanotrophic BNF proceeds in hypoxic environments. Herein, we incubated paddy soils with a ferrihydrite-containing mineral salt medium to enrich methanotrophic bacteria in the presence of methane (20%, v/v) under oxygen constraints (0.27%, v/v). The resulting microcosms showed that ferrihydrite-dependent aerobic methane oxidation significantly contributed (81%) to total BNF, increasing the 15N fixation rate by 13-fold from 0.02 to 0.28 μmol 15N2 (g dry weight soil) -1 d−1. BNF was reduced by 97% when ferrihydrite was omitted, demonstrating the involvement of ferrihydrite in methanotrophic BNF. DNA stable-isotope probing indicated that Methylocystis, Methylophilaceae, and Methylomicrobium were the dominant methanotrophs/methylotrophs that assimilated labeled isotopes (13C or 15N) into biomass. Metagenomic binning combined with electrochemical analysis suggested that Methylocystis and Methylophilaceae had the potential to perform methane-induced BNF and likely utilized riboflavin and c-type cytochromes as electron carriers for ferrihydrite reduction. It was concluded that ferrihydrite mediated methanotrophic BNF by methanotrophs/methylotrophs solely or in conjunction with iron-reducing bacteria. Overall, this study revealed a previously overlooked yet pronounced coupling of iron-dependent aerobic methane oxidation to BNF and improves our understanding of methanotrophic BNF in hypoxic zones.
Impact of airborne algicidal bacteria on marine phytoplankton blooms
Authors: Lang-Yona Naama , Flores J Michel , Nir-Zadock Tal Sharon , Nussbaum Inbal , Koren Ilan , Vardi Assaf 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Ocean microbes are involved in global processes such as nutrient and carbon cycling. Recent studies indicated diverse modes of algal–bacterial interactions, including mutualism and pathogenicity, which have a substantial impact on ecology and oceanic carbon sequestration, and hence, on climate. However, the airborne dispersal and pathogenicity of bacteria in the marine ecosystem remained elusive. Here, we isolated an airborne algicidal bacterium, Roseovarius nubinhibens, emitted to the atmosphere as primary marine aerosol (referred also as sea spray aerosols) and collected above a coccolithophore bloom in the North Atlantic Ocean. The aerosolized bacteria retained infective properties and induced lysis of Gephyrocapsa huxleyi cultures.This suggests that the transport of marine bacteria through the atmosphere can effectively spread infection agents over vast oceanic regions, highlighting its significance in regulating the cell fate in algal blooms.
Explaining the Selection Dilemma in Human Rights INGOs
Authors: Gildea Ross James 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Why do human rights INGOs choose to work on some issues and not others? This article contends that, since the 1990s, the proliferation of issues within the remit of human rights INGOs has increased the moral opportunity costs of selection decisions. Growth in the number and diversity of issues has led to a “selection dilemma” where decision-makers face onerous ethical choices among a significant menu of options. To explain how decision-makers deal with this dilemma, the article builds on existing theoretical work on INGOs, primarily by constructivists, proposing that heuristic-led judgment on the part of key decision-makers is a central determinant in the (non-)adoption of issues. This explanation is examined empirically using a within-case paired analysis of decision-making in Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch. The article’s findings provide preliminary evidence that heuristics shape selection outcomes in INGOs, adding further weight to IR scholarship, which stresses the influence of psychology and leaders in organizational and group decision-making.
Large language models and generative AI in telehealth: a responsible use lens
Authors: Pool Javad , Indulska Marta , Sadiq Shazia 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjectiveThis scoping review aims to assess the current research landscape of the application and use of large language models (LLMs) and generative Artificial Intelligence (AI), through tools such as ChatGPT in telehealth. Additionally, the review seeks to identify key areas for future research, with a particular focus on AI ethics considerations for responsible use and ensuring trustworthy AI.Materials and MethodsFollowing the scoping review methodological framework, a search strategy was conducted across 6 databases. To structure our review, we employed AI ethics guidelines and principles, constructing a concept matrix for investigating the responsible use of AI in telehealth. Using the concept matrix in our review enabled the identification of gaps in the literature and informed future research directions.ResultsTwenty studies were included in the review. Among the included studies, 5 were empirical, and 15 were reviews and perspectives focusing on different telehealth applications and healthcare contexts. Benefit and reliability concepts were frequently discussed in these studies. Privacy, security, and accountability were peripheral themes, with transparency, explainability, human agency, and contestability lacking conceptual or empirical exploration.ConclusionThe findings emphasized the potential of LLMs, especially ChatGPT, in telehealth. They provide insights into understanding the use of LLMs, enhancing telehealth services, and taking ethical considerations into account. By proposing three future research directions with a focus on responsible use, this review further contributes to the advancement of this emerging phenomenon of healthcare AI.
Insights into the metabolism of CH-PIATA—A novel synthetic cannabinoid featuring an acetamide linker
Authors: Zschiesche Annette , Scheu Martin , Thieme Detlef , Keiler Annekathrin M , Pulver Benedikt , Huppertz Laura M , Auwärter Volker 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The recent change from the popular carboxamide to an acetamide (ATA) linker scaffold in synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists (SCRAs) can be interpreted as an attempt to circumvent legal regulations, setting new analytical challenges. Metabolites of N-cyclohexyl-2-(1-pentyl-1 H-indol-3-yl)acetamide: CH-PIATA, the second ATA type SCRA detected in the EU, were investigated in urine and serum samples by LC–HRMS-MS and LC–MS-MS. Two different in vitro models, a pHLM assay and HepG2-cells, as well as an in silico prediction by GLORYx freeware assisted in metabolite formation/identification. CH-PIATA was extensively metabolized, leading to metabolites formed primarily by mono- and dihydroxylation. For urine and serum specimens, monohydroxylation at the indole core or the methylene spacer of the acetamide linker (M1.8), carboxylic acid formation at the N-pentyl side chain (M3.1) and degradation of the latter leading to a tentatively identified N-propionic acid metabolite (M5.1) are suggested as reliable markers for substance intake. The N-propionic acid metabolite could not be confirmed in the in vitro assays as it includes multiple consecutive metabolic reactions. Furthermore, CH-PIATA could be detected as parent substance in blood samples, but not in urine. Both in vitro assays and the in silico tool proved suitable for predicting metabolites of CH-PIATA. Considering effort and costs, pHLM incubations seem to be more effective for metabolite prediction in forensic toxicology than HepG2 cells. The highlighted Phase I metabolites serve as reliable urinary targets for confirming CH-PIATA use. The in silico approach is advantageous when reference material is unavailable.
Simultaneous analysis of acyclovir and its metabolite using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Takeda Saki , Ueno Satoshi , Zenda Rie , Muto Kazuya , Iseki Ken , Harada Kazuki 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The antiviral drug acyclovir (ACV) may induce drug-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms as side effects. The detailed pathogenic mechanism remains unclear; however, it is hypothesized that 9-carboxymethoxymethylguanine (CMMG), a metabolite of ACV, is the causative compound. Therefore, the blood concentrations of ACV and CMMG should be analyzed in ACV toxicity studies. However, it is rare to find methods that can sufficiently separate the ACV and CMMG peaks during simultaneous analysis of both compounds. Therefore, we intended to develop a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method with improved peak separation of analytes. Samples were deproteinized using methanol/acetonitrile solution (6:4, v/v). Analytes were separated on an InertSustain® Amide column (3 μm, 2.1 mm × 150 mm). The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile/10 mM ammonium formate (5:95, v/v) (A) and acetonitrile/10 mM ammonium formate (95:5, v/v, pH 5.0) (B) and samples were eluted in the gradient mode. The separation of analytes was satisfactory and the peak shapes were good. Linear regression models weighted 1/x2 were obtained in the range of 0.25–10 μg/mL. The range of quality control (QC) bias was between 3.6% and 19.8%, and the within-run and between-run precisions of QC were within 13.5%. Recovery ranged from 83.6% to 103.7%, but ion suppression was observed. Samples from a patient with ACV encephalopathy were analyzed using this method. The resulting blood ACV and CMMG concentrations were 8.2 and 8.5 μg/mL, respectively. This method, with sufficient separation of ACV and CMMG, proved useful for use in ACV toxicity studies.
Experimentation at the WTO lab: towards a better ‘Interface’ to accommodate State-owned enterprises
Authors: Bi Ying 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This article advocates for a more inclusive and adaptable interface mechanism at the World Trade Organization (WTO), specifically tailored to address the nuanced dynamics of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs). It revisits the foundational ‘Interface Theory’ by John H. Jackson, a cornerstone in shaping initial WTO rules for non-market economies. Drawing upon the critiques of David Kennedy, this article identifies three key limitations inherent in the existing interface theory. It then delves into a critical examination of the regulations pertaining to SOEs within the frameworks of the Trans-Pacific Partnership / the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership, arguing that these models inadequately address the complexity of state participation in the economy, with a particular focus on non-market economies like China. This article suggests leveraging the WTO as a global policy laboratory, a forum for the exploration and discussion of varied national strategies concerning SOE management. It posits China’s mixed-ownership reform as an exemplary starting point for such experimental endeavours.
(021) Eight-Dot Extended Corporotomy versus Conventional Corporotomy for Malleable Penile Prosthesis Implantation
Authors: Ragheb A , Emadeldin M , Abdallah R , Mohamed A , Elmarakby A 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
To date, malleable type penile prosthesis implantation (MPPI) remains the more popular in developing countries, owing to its relative economic cost. Despite the simplicity of the procedure, there still may be areas of improvement and refinement to optimize procedure efficiency and accuracy subsequently improving postoperative outcomes while reducing complication risk.

Objective
We aimed to compare the eight-dot extended corporotomy and the conventional corporotomy techniques for MPPI with regard to operative time and postoperative complications.

Methods
We conducted a prospective randomized interventional clinical study on 51 subjects. Patients were randomized into 2 groups: the eight-dot group (n=27) and the conventional group (n=24). The eight-dot group underwent MPPI using the eight-dot extended corporotomy as previously described (VJPU - Eight-dot Extended Corporotomy: A More Secure, Aesthetic and Time Efficient Technique for Semirigid Penile Prosthesis Implantation, n.d.). The conventional group underwent MPPI using conventional limited corporotomies that were closed via continuous running sutures. We compared both groups in terms of corporotomy opening to closure time, overall procedure time, and perioperative complications. The follow-up period was 3 months.

Results
Upon timing in seconds (s), a significant time difference between the 2 groups was demonstrated for suture placement, corporotomy incision and implant placement, corporotomy closure, and total procedure duration. Although patients in the eight-dot group required a longer time for suture placement vs the conventional group (486 vs 201 s, respectively, p &lt; 0.001), the durations for the remaining implantation steps, as well as the whole procedure, were significantly shorter for the former group. Corporotomy opening followed by implant placement took significantly less time for the eight-dot group (1090 s) vs the conventional group (1313 s), p &lt;0.001. Moreover, insertion of implant rods was subjectively easier with no need for aggressive bending owing to the extended corporotomy length. Similarly, corporotomy closure using the 8-dot technique was 10.13 minutes swifter than the conventional group (220 s vs. 828 s, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). The total procedure length was over 8 minutes shorter for the eight-dot group as opposed to the conventional group (2527 vs 3027 s, respectively, p &lt; 0.001). In terms of postoperative complications in the form of pain, swelling, hematoma, and infection, there were no significant differences between both groups.

Conclusions
The eight-dot extended corporotomy technique is a safe and time-saving approach compared to the conventional limited corporotomy technique, making the MPPI procedure more efficient. A swifter procedure decreases both patient exposure to anesthesia and device exposure to air which in turn lowers the risk for potential postoperative complications.

Disclosure
No.
(029) Safety and Efficacy of Botulinum Neurotoxin in the Treatment of Erectile Dysfunction Refractory to Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Abdel Raheem A , Abdelrahman I , Elkhiat Y , A  Aburahma A , Abdel-Raheem T , Ghanem H 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
There has been recent interest in the use of botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) in the field of Andrology, whereby it has been investigated in the treatment of penile retraction and premature ejaculation.

Objective
To evaluate the safety and efficacy of intracavernosal BoNT-A injection in the treatment of patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) refractory to oral phosphodiesterase inhibitors (PDE5Is).

Methods
A double-blind randomized placebo-controlled prospective comparative study conducted at one center and involved 70 patients with ED refractory to PDE5Is. At baseline, the following data were collected: erection hardness score (EHS), peak systolic velocity (PSV), end diastolic velocity (EDV), sexual health inventory for men (SHIM), and the sexual encounter profile 2&3 (SEP-2&3) questionnaires. Treatment group (n = 35) received a single ICI of 100 units of BoNT-A in 2 ml of saline and control group (n = 35) received a single ICI of 2 ml of saline. EHS, PSV, and EDV were assessed at 2 weeks post treatment. SHIM, SEP-2, SEP-3, and global assessment questionnaire (GAQ-Q1&Q2) were completed at 2-, 6-, and 12-weeks post treatment.

Results
Two weeks post treatment, the treatment group showed a statistically significant improvement in the mean EHS, PSV, EDV, and GAQ-Q1 positive responders (p &lt; 0.001) compared to the control group. At 6- and 12-weeks post treatment, the treatment group showed a statistically significant improvement in the SHIM scores, SEP-2, and GAQ-Q1&Q2 positive responders compared to the control group. At 6 weeks, where there was a 5-point improvement in the mean SHIM score of the treatment group (10±5.9 from 5.4±1.7 at baseline) versus no improvement in the placebo group, 18 patients in the treatment group (53%) were able to have an erection hard enough for vaginal penetration versus only one patient in the control group.

Conclusions
BoNT-A is safe and effective as a potential treatment for ED refractory to PDE5I therapy.

Disclosure
No.
(047) Experience of Sexuality After Breast Cancer: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Sghaier A , Kaabia O , Bouchahda R 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Introduction
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. But its efficient therapeutic arsenal have major impacts on the quality of life of breast cancer survivors. Breasts are symbolic of sexuality, femininity and beauty. Their invasion by cancerous cells or mutilated by local treatments can disrupt a woman's sexual life, endangering their couples' relationships.

Objective
We aim to evaluate the qualitative impact of breast cancer on survivors' sexuality after mastectomy.

Methods
A prospective qualitative study was carried out using semi-structured interviews until saturation of findings. The patients included were women diagnosed and treated for breast cancer, followed in our department. All participants were sexually active and no older than 55. The study enrolled 20 participants over a 6-month period (February 2022-July 2022).

Results
Exploring the sexual health of breast cancer patients following surgery and treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy, we found that the participants had a common pattern to adapt to the significant changes in their bodies and cope with the modifications concerning their sexuality. Some important and recurrent themes resulted of the analysis of our interviews: participants reported lower desire, arousal and satisfaction of their sexual life. They also asked for more emotional bonding and sexual bonding with their partners.

Conclusions
Knowledge of the psychosocial and cultural aspects that influence women's sexuality after breast cancer is important in helping to improve healthcare.

Disclosure
No.