bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Using Servant Leadership to Facilitate Healing After a Drug Diversion Experience
Authors: Ramer Lynne Marie 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTALTHOUGH MUCH HAS BEEN WRITTEN about substance abuse in nursing, little attention has been paid to the reaction of a nurse's coworkers after he or she has been caught diverting drugs.THE REMAINING STAFF MEMBERS may enter into a grieving process, which can have a serious effect on the delivery of patient care and staff satisfaction.DEVOTING TIME AND ENERGY to addressing the challenges faced by staff members after a drug diversion experience is essential to reestablishing equilibrium in the department.USING THE SERVANT LEADERSHIP MODEL, managers can exemplify the characteristics of commitment, persuasion, awareness, and foresight to facilitate the grieving process and solidify staff cohesion to help ensure quality patient care. AORN J 88 (August 2008) 253–258. © AORN, Inc, 2008.
Impaired activation of caspase cascade during cell death induced by newly synthesized singlet oxygen generator, 1‐buthylnaphthalene‐4‐propionate endoperoxide
Authors: Otsu Kaoru , Sato Kazuaki , Sato Michihiko , Ono Hideyu , Ohba Yoshihiro , Katagata Yohtaro 
Published: September 2008

AbstractEndoperoxides of naphthalene derivatives generate singlet oxygen under physiological conditions. Here we have synthesized a new endoperoxide of a naphthalene derivative, 1‐buthylnaphthalene‐4‐propionate endoperoxide (BNPE), and studied its cytotoxic properties on HepG2 and HaCaT cells. BNPE induced cell death at much lower concentration than 1‐methylnaphthalene‐4‐propionate endoperoxide (MNPE) and naphthalene dipropionate endoperoxide (NDPE). A positive correlation exists between the amount of endoperoxide incorporated into cells and its cytotoxic ability. The cytotoxic effect of BNPE was attenuated by α‐tocopherol but not by sodium azide. In contrast, the effects of MNPE and NDPE were attenuated by both α‐tocopherol and sodium azide. The caspase cascade in cells treated with endoperoxide was impaired. Caspase activity in a soluble protein fraction were inhibited similarly by the above three endoperoxides. These results suggest an abortive apoptotic pathway due to the suppression of caspase activation is a general feature of cell death induced by singlet oxygen.
Rat mesenchymal stem cells increase tyrosine hydroxylase expression and dopamine content in ventral mesencephalic cells in vitro
Authors: Jin Guang‐Zhen , Cho Su‐Jin , Choi Eu‐Gene , Lee Young‐S. , Yu Xian‐Feng , Choi Kap‐Seong , Yee Sung‐Tae , Jeon Jin‐Tae , Kim Myeong‐Ok , Kong Il‐Keun 
Published: September 2008

AbstractMesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent adult stem cells. It has been shown that MSCs secrete neurotrophic factors involving nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Also, these neurotrophic factors can upregulate tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression in PC12 cells and neural stem cells. Here, we investigated the effect of co‐culturing rat E13.5 ventral mesencephalic cells (VMCs) with MSCs from rat bone marrow on TH expression and dopamine (DA) content. The study consisted of 3 groups: MSC, VMC and a combined MSC + VMC group. All groups were cultured in serum‐free neuro‐basal medium for 3 days. Thereafter, each group was analyzed by RT‐PCR, western blotting, and HPLC. The co‐culture group showed a higher expression at TH and DA than the VMC group. However, TH and DA were not present in the MSC group. These observations suggest that MSCs could be an alternative source for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD).
Simultaneous use of electrochemistry and chemiluminescence to detect reactive oxygen species produced by human neutrophils
Authors: Shleev Sergey , Wetterö Jonas , Magnusson Karl‐Eric , Ruzgas Tautgirdas 
Published: September 2008

AbstractA novel approach for the simultaneous optical and electrochemical detection of biologically produced reactive oxygen species has been developed and applied. The set‐up consists of a luminol‐dependent chemiluminescence assay combined with two amperometric biosensors sensitive to superoxide anion radicals (O2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. The method permits direct, real‐time in vitro determination of both extra‐ and intracellular O2− and H2O2 produced by human neutrophil granulocytes. The rate of O2− production by stimulated neutrophils was calculated to about 10−17 mol s−1 per single cell. With inhibited NADPH oxidase, a distinct extracellular release of H2O2 instead of O2− was obtained from stimulated neutrophils with the rate of about 3 · 10−18 mol s−1 per single cell. When the H2O2 release was discontinued, fast H2O2 utilisation was observed. Direct interaction with and possibly attachment of neutrophils to redox protein‐modified gold electrodes, resulted in a spontaneous respiratory burst in the population of cells closely associated to the electrode surface. Hence, further stimulation of human neutrophils with a potent receptor agonist (fMLF) did not significantly increase the O2− sensitive amperometric response. By contrast, the H2O2 sensitive biosensor, based on an HRP‐modified graphite electrode, was able to reflect the bulk concentration of H2O2, produced by stimulated neutrophils and would be very useful in modestly equipped biomedical research laboratories. In summary, the system would also be appropriate for assessment of several other metabolites in different cell types, and tissues of varying complexity, with only minor electrode modifications.
Comparison of the endogenous IK currents in rat hippocampal neurons and cloned Kv2.1 channels in CHO cells
Authors: Liu Mingna , Gong Bo , Qi Zhi 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe Kv2.1 potassium channel is a principal component of the delayed rectifier IK current in the pyramidal neurons of cortex and hippocampus. We used whole‐cell patch‐clamp recording techniques to systemically compare the electrophysiological properties between the native neuronal IK current of cultured rat hippocampal neurons and the cloned Kv2.1 channel currents in the CHO cells. The slope factors for the activation curves of both currents obtained at different prepulse holding potentials and holding times were similar, suggesting similar voltage‐dependent gating. However, the half‐maximal activation voltage for IK was ∼20 mV more negative than the Kv2.1 channel in CHO cells at a given prepulse condition, indicating that the neuronal IK current had a lower threshold for activation than that of the Kv2.1 channel. In adddition, the neuronal IK showed a stronger holding membrane potential and holding time‐dependence than Kv2.1. The Kv2.1 channel gave a U‐shaped inactivation, while the IK current did not. The IK current also had much stronger voltage‐dependent inactivation than Kv2.1. These results imply that the neuronal factors could make Kv2.1 channels easier to activate. The information obtained from these comparative studies help elucidate the mechanism of molecular regulation of the native neuronal IK current in neurons.
Stimulation of dorsal root ganglion neurons activity by pancreatic cancer cell lines
Authors: Li Jun‐Hui , Ma Qing‐Yong , Shen Su‐Gang , Hu Heng‐Tong 
Published: September 2008

AbstractStimulation of mice dorsal root ganglion neurons (DRGNs) activity by human pancreatic cancer (PanCa) cell line Mia PaCa‐2 and its potential molecule mechanism has been investaged. DRGNs were cultured alone or along with the MIA PaCa‐2. The effects of MIA PaCa‐2 to DRGNs were determined by neurofilament (NF) immunocytochemical and Nissl staining. ELISA was used to detect the concentration of insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) in the culture supernatant. Cyton size, neurite outgrowth and neuronal activity in the experimental group were greater than in the control groups. However, the concentration of IGF‐1 in the supernatants was not significantly different from those in the blank and non‐cultured medium groups. In the presence of MIA PaCa‐2 cell line, cyton size, neurite outgrowth and neuronal activity were enhanced, which may provide more routes for the invasion of cancer cells along nerves.
Compression of the trigeminal ganglion produces prolonged nociceptive behavior in rats
Authors: Ahn Dong K. , Lim Eun J. , Kim Byung C. , Yang Gwi Y. , Lee Min K. , Ju Jin S. , Han Seung R. , Bae Yong C. 
Published: September 2008

ABSTRACTThe present study is the first demonstration of prolonged nociceptive behavior in the trigeminal region following compression of the trigeminal ganglion in rats. Experiments were carried out on male Sprague–Dawley rats mounted onto a stereotaxic frame under pentobarbital sodium anesthesia. For compression of the trigeminal ganglion, a 4% agar solution (8μl) was injected into the trigeminal ganglion through a stainless steel injector (24 gauge), which extended 2mm beyond the end of a guide cannula (21 gauge). Following agar injection, the injector and guide cannula were removed. In the control group, rats were sham operated without agar injection. Air‐puff thresholds (mechanical allodynia), pin prick responses (mechanical hyperalgesia), and spontaneous scratching behavior were examined 3 days before surgery and at 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, 30, and 40 days after surgery. Data were analyzed using a repeated measures ANOVA followed by multiple group comparisons using the LSD post‐hoc test. Air‐puff thresholds significantly decreased after compression of the trigeminal ganglion. Mechanical allodynia was established within 3 days and lasted beyond postoperative day 24. Mechanical hyperalgesia was also evident 3 days after compression and persisted until the 40th postoperative day. Although mechanical allodynia and hyperalgesia appeared bilaterally, the ipsilateral side was significantly more sensitive. Intraperitoneal treatment with carbamazepine significantly blocked mechanical allodynia produced by compression of the trigeminal ganglion. These findings suggest that prolonged nociceptive behavior following compression of the trigeminal ganglion may mimic trigeminal neuralgia in this animal model.
A pilot study of clonazepam versus psychodynamic group therapy plus clonazepam in the treatment of generalized social anxiety disorder
Authors: Knijnik Daniela Z. , Blanco Carlos , Salum Giovanni Abrahão , Moraes Carolina U. , Mombach Clarissa , Almeida Ellen , Pereira Marília , Strapasson Atahualpa , Manfro Gisele G. , Eizirik Cláudio L. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackgroundBoth psychodynamic group therapy (PGT) and clonazepam are used as treatment strategies in reducing symptoms of generalized social anxiety disorder (GSAD). However, many individuals remain symptomatic after treatment with PGT or clonazepam.MethodFifty-eight adult outpatients with a diagnosis of GSAD according to DSM-IV were randomized to 12 weeks PGT plus clonazepam or clonazepam. The Clinical Global Impression-Improvement (CGI-I) Scale was the primary efficacy measure. Secondary efficacy measures included the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) total score, the World Health Organization Instrument to Assess Quality of Life—Brief (WHOQOL-Bref) Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).ResultsCGI-I data from 57 patients (intent-to-treat population) showed that patients who received PGT plus clonazepam presented significantly greater improvement than those who received clonazepam (P = 0.033). There were no significant differences between the two groups in the secondary efficacy measures.ConclusionsOur study suggests that the combination of PGT with clonazepam may be a promising strategy for the treatment of GSAD, regarding gains in the global functioning. However the present study failed to detect more specific changes in social anxiety symptomatology between the two groups.
Facial emotion recognition and its relationship to symptomatic, subjective, and functional outcomes in outpatients with chronic schizophrenia
Authors: Hofer Alex , Benecke Cord , Edlinger Monika , Huber Regina , Kemmler Georg , Rettenbacher Maria A. , Schleich Gerald , Wolfgang Fleischhacker W. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractOutcome in schizophrenia is multidimensional and consists of clinical and psychosocial domains. Difficulties in affect recognition are a hallmark of schizophrenia, but there is little research investigating the consequences of this deficit on patients’ psychosocial status. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of facial affect recognition and treatment outcomes in terms of psychopathology, quality of life (QOL), and psychosocial functioning.We investigated 40 regular attendees of a specialized schizophrenia outpatient clinic who had been stable both from a symptomatic and a medication perspective for a minimum of 6 months and 40 healthy volunteers who were chosen to match patients in age, sex, and education. Affect recognition was positively associated with patients’ level of education and negatively with increasing age. Deficits in this area corresponded to the severity of negative and affective symptoms as well as to poor work and global functioning. These findings suggest that affect recognition is an important aspect of psychosocial functioning in stable outpatients with schizophrenia.
Development and evaluation of a case group concept for inpatients with mental disorders in Germany: Using self-report and expert-rated instruments
Authors: Andreas Sylke , Dirmaier Jörg , Harfst Timo , Kawski Stephan , Koch Uwe , Schulz Holger 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate a case-mix system to classify inpatients with mental disorders in Germany by means of self-report and expert-rated instruments. The use of case-mix systems enhances the transparency of performance and cost structure and can thus improve the quality of mental health care. We analysed a consecutive sample of 1677 inpatients with mental disorders from 11 hospitals using regression tree analysis. The model assigns patients to 17 groups, accounting for 17% of the variance for duration of stay. Patients with eating disorders had a longer duration of stay than patients with anxiety disorder, duration of mental illness of less than 3–5 years, lower levels of interpersonal problems and higher occupational position. The results showed that besides diagnosis, variables such as duration of illness and interpersonal problems are important for classifying inpatients with mental disorders. The results of the study should be critically reviewed regarding the empirical results of other studies and the appropriateness of case group concepts for inpatients with mental disorders.
Childhood trauma as a correlative factor of suicidal behavior – via aggression traits. Similar results in an Italian and in a French sample
Authors: Sarchiapone M. , Jaussent I. , Roy A. , Carli V. , Guillaume S. , Jollant F. , Malafosse A. , Courtet P. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractBackground and objectiveChildhood trauma and aggressive traits are considered risk factors for suicidal behavior. The hypothesis we aimed to test in this study was the existence of an association between childhood trauma and aggression in two distinct samples of Italian and French suicide attempters.MethodStudy participants comprise 587 subjects with different psychiatric diagnoses according to DSM-IV-TR criteria. Three different samples were analyzed and compared: a group of French suicide attempters (N = 396; mean age 40.47 SD = 13.52; M/F: 110/286); a group of Italian suicide attempters (N = 103; mean age 38.60 SD = 12.04; M/F 27/76) and an Italian psychiatric comparison group (N = 88; mean age: 41.49 SD = 12.05; M/F; 37/51). Patients were interviewed with the Brown–Goodwin Assessment for Lifetime History of Aggression (BGLHA) and the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) 34-items for Italian data and 28-items for French data.ResultsWhen compared with the comparison group, Italian suicide attempters had significantly higher scores on the BGLHA scale and reported higher scores on the CTQ scores for physical abuse, sexual abuse and emotional abuse. Significant correlations between childhood trauma and aggression were found in both groups, Italian and French, of suicide attempters.ConclusionThe hypothesis tested was supported as psychiatric patients who had attempted suicide reported significantly more childhood trauma and aggression. Significant correlations were found between aggressive behavior, and childhood trauma in suicidal patients. This finding was replicated in two independently recruited samples in two countries with different prevalence of suicidal behavior.
In vivo requirement of TGF‐β/GDNF cooperativity in mouse development: focus on the neurotrophic hypothesis
Authors: Rahhal Belal , Heermann Stephan , Ferdinand Anika , Rosenbusch Joachim , Rickmann Michael , Krieglstein Kerstin 
Published: September 2008

AbstractNeurotrophic factors are well‐recognized extracellular signaling molecules that regulate neuron development including neurite growth, survival and maturation of neuronal phenotypes in the central and peripheral nervous system. Previous studies have suggested that TGF‐β plays a key role in the regulation of neuron survival and death and potentiates the neurotrophic activity of several neurotrophic factors, most strikingly of GDNF. To test the physiological relevance of this finding, TGF‐β2/GDNF double mutant (d‐ko) mice were generated. Double mutant mice die at birth like single mutants due to kidney agenesis (GDNF−/−) and congential cyanosis (TGF‐β2−/−), respectively. To test for the in vivo relevance of TGF‐β2/GDNF cooperativity to regulate neuron survival, mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons, lumbar motoneurons, as well as neurons of the lumbar dorsal root ganglion and the superior cervical ganglion were investigated. No loss of mesencephalic dopaminergic neurons was observed in double mutant mice at E18.5. A partial reduction in neuron numbers was observed in lumbar motoneurons, sensory and sympathetic neurons in GDNF single mutants, which was further reduced in TGF‐β2/GDNF double mutant mice at E18.5. However, TGF‐β2 single mutant mice showed no loss of neurons. These data point towards a cooperative role of TGF‐β2 and GDNF with regard to promotion of survival within the peripheral motor and sensory systems investigated.
Fluctuating abundance of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in a calving ground off coastal Brazil
Authors: Morete Maria E. , Bisi Tatiana L. , Pace Richard M. , Rosso Sergio 
Published: September 2008

The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population that uses Abrolhos Bank, off the east coast of Brazil as a breeding ground is increasing. To describe temporal changes in the relative abundance of humpback whales around Abrolhos, seven years (1998–2004) of whale count data were collected during July through to November. During one-hour-scans, observers determined group size within 9.3 km (5 n.m.) of a land-based observing station. A total of 930 scans, comprising 7996 sightings of adults and 2044 calves were analysed using generalized linear models that included variables for time of day, day of the season, years and two-way interactions as possible predictors. The pattern observed was the gradual build-up and decline in whale counts within seasons. Patterns and peaks of adult and calf counts varied among years. Although fluctuation was observed, there was generally an increasing trend in adult counts among years. Calf counts increased only in 2004. These fluctuations may have been caused by some environmental conditions in humpback whales' summering grounds and also by changes in spatial–temporal concentrations in Abrolhos Bank. The general pattern observed within the study area mirrored what was observed in the whole Abrolhos Bank. Knowledge of the consistency with which humpback whales use this important nursing area should prove beneficial for designing future monitoring programmes especially related to whale watching activities around Abrolhos Archipelago.
Relative abundance, density and distribution of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) along the west coast of the UK
Authors: Goodwin L. , Speedie C. 
Published: September 2008

The harbour porpoise(Phocoena phocoena)is the most frequently sighted cetacean in the UK, yet there is a conservation need to assess both abundance and distribution for this species. During May–August, 2002–2004 a boat-based visual survey, employing effort-related line transect methodology was conducted for specified areas of the west coast of the UK. Estimates of relative abundance were made, with full DISTANCE analysis being carried out during 2004 for each of the areas surveyed. A generalized additive model (GAM) was constructed examining porpoise presence in relation to month, position (latitude and longitude), depth and sea surface temperature for all years and for each year of the study individually. Harbour porpoise density showed a significant decrease in the South West, with an increase for West Scotland over the study period, whilst the highest numbers for both Northern Ireland and the Firth of Clyde were recorded in 2003. The porpoise population in the south-west of England was estimated at 163 (67LCI–400UCI) individuals during the months of May and June, 387 (170LCI–877UCI) individuals were present off Northern Ireland during July, 1645 (823LCI–3289UCI) individuals around the Firth of Clyde in July and 3105 (2032LCI–4745UCI) off West Scotland during August and September. The GAM demonstrated that porpoise presence increased around the 100 m depth contour. Whilst further research is required in each of the areas throughout the year, this study provides important information on the distribution and habitat use of the harbour porpoise within UK waters.
Colour patterns and pigmentation variability on striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba in north-western Mediterranean Sea
Authors: Rosso Massimiliano , Moulins Aurélie , Würtz Maurizio 
Published: September 2008

Studies on differences in external morphology and pigmentation patterns were historically carried out using stranded individuals or opportunistic sightings; few studies have involved sampling systematically free-ranging individuals. In order to investigate and describe main pigmentation characteristics, outlining ‘typical’ regional pigmentations, this work analysed systematic photographic information taken on free-ranging striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba. Photographs of dolphins in the Ligurian Sea were collected between May 2004 and December 2006. All individuals were described by the presence/absence of pigmentation variables and by differences in colour shades. The frequency of all the pigmentation variables analysed is stable in the population (10 ‘gene’ variables, 19 ‘allele’ variables), and remains similar between each different group of dolphins. But population presents widespread pigmentation variability between specimens, allowing identification even at single individual level. Cluster analysis also found that the majority of the pigmentations derive from two main colour patterns, called ‘mat’ and ‘pale’ patterns (fmat = 0.68; fpale = 0.12). The Bray–Curtis index showed a high variability of the intra-group pigmentation distance between groups. This resulted in a positive correlation between group size and ‘intra-group’ pigmentation distance: the distance increases rapidly up to a group size of 40 individuals. According to the results obtained, the striped dolphins seem to be concentrated in small groups in which there is a large phenotypic similarity among individuals. These small units could be associated between them to form temporary large groups observed only in pelagic waters.