bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Development of oral and pharyngeal teeth in the medaka (Oryzias latipes): comparison of morphology and expression of eve1 gene
Authors: Debiais‐Thibaud Mélanie , Borday‐Birraux Véronique , Germon Isabelle , Bourrat Frank , Metcalfe Cushla Jane , Casane Didier , Laurenti Patrick 
Published: July 2007

AbstractGnathostome teeth are one of the most promising models for developmental evolutionary studies, they are the most abundant organ in the fossil record and an excellent example of organogenesis. Teeth have a complex morphology and are restricted to the mouth in mammals, whereas actinopterygian teeth have a simple morphology and are found in several locations, notably on pharyngeal bones. Morphological and developmental similarities support the hypothesis that oral and pharyngeal teeth are serially homologous. Gene expression data from the mouse and some teleosts have shown that the gene families involved in pharyngeal odontogenesis are also involved in oral tooth formation, with the notable exception of the evx gene family. Here, we present a complete description of early odontogenesis in the medaka (Oryzias latipes), which has both oral and pharyngeal dentition. We show that oral and pharyngeal teeth share deep developmental similarities. In the medaka, like in the zebrafish, eve1 is the only evx gene expressed during odontogenesis. In each forming tooth, regardless of its location, eve1 transcription is activated in the placode, then becomes restricted to the inner dental epithelium and is activated in the dental mesenchyme during early differentiation, and finally ceases at late differentiation. Thus eve1 expression is not specific to pharyngeal teeth development as was previously suggested. Because it permits direct comparisons between oral and pharyngeal teeth by molecular, development and functional studies, the medaka is an excellent model to develop further insights into the evolution of odontogenesis in gnathostomes. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 308B:693–708, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel chiral separation material: polymerized organogel formed by chiral gelators for the separation of D‐ and L‐phenylalanine
Authors: Fu Xinjian , Yang Yang , Wang Ningxia , Wang Hong , Yang Yajiang 
Published: July 2007

AbstractN‐Stearine‐N′‐stearyl‐L‐phenylalanine, a chiral compound, was synthesized and used as a gelator for the gelation of polymerizable solvents, such as ß‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), styrene, etc. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the gelator aggregates show fibril‐like helices, typical chiral aggregates with diameters of 100–200 nm. The solvent molecules were immobilized by capillary forces in the three‐dimensional network structures of the organogels. The HEMA organogels containing crosslinker polyethylene glycol dimethacrylates (PEG200DMA) were subsequently polymerized by in situ UV irradiation. A porous polymerized organogels were obtained after removal of gelator aggregates through ethanol extraction. The chiral separation of D‐ and L‐phenylalanine was carried out by the adsorption of the polymerized organogels. The adsorption efficiency of L‐phenylalanine on the polymerized organogels was found to be dependent on the concentration of the gelator and crosslinker. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High temperature Raman spectroscopy studies of carbon nanowalls
Authors: Ni Z. H. , Fan H. M. , Fan X. F. , Wang H. M. , Zheng Z. , Feng Y. P. , Wu Y. H. , Shen Z. X. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractHigh temperature Raman experiments were carried out on carbon nanowalls (CNWs). The intensity of the defect‐induced D mode decreased significantly after the sample was heated in air ambient. The Raman intensity ratio of D mode and G mode, ID/IG, changed from 2.3 at room temperature to 1.95 after the sample was heated to 600 °C. This change was attributed to the removal of surface amorphous carbon by oxidation. In contrast to ID/IG, the intensity ratio of the D′ mode and the G mode, ID′/IG, did not change much after heating, indicating that the surface amorphous carbon and surface impurity do not contribute as much to the intensity of the D′ mode. The dominant contributor to the D′ mode could be the intrinsic defects. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism of the Formation of Amorphous Gold Nanoparticles within Spherical Polyelectrolyte Brushes
Authors: Schrinner Marc , Polzer Frank , Mei Yu , Lu Yan , Haupt Björn , Ballauff Matthias , Göldel Astrid , Drechsler Markus , Preussner Johannes , Glatzel Uwe 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe present a comprehensive investigation on the formation of gold nanoparticles in spherical polyelectrolyte brushes. These colloidal carrier particles consist of a solid polystyrene core onto which long cationic polyelectrolyte chains are grafted. Immersed in water these polyelectrolyte chains can be used to enrich AuCl ions. The metal ions thus confined in the polyelectrolyte layer can be reduced to gold nanoparticles of approximately 1 nm diameter. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy shows that the Au particles are located near the surface and exhibit a narrow size distribution. Measurements by dynamic light scattering demonstrate that the polyelectrolyte chains are located near the surface of the core particles. This is explained by a crosslinking of the cationic polyelectrolyte chains by the nanoparticles that carry a negative charge. If the Au nanoparticles are removed, the spherical polyelectrolyte brushes re‐expand. High‐resolution electron microscopy together with wide‐angle X‐ray scattering measurements demonstrates that the Au nanoparticles are amorphous. We demonstrate that these Au nanoparticles exhibit catalytic activity for hydrogenation reactions that is slightly below the one of Pt and Pd nanoparticles.magnified image
On the characterization of p ‐adic Colombeau–Egorov generalized functions by their point values
Authors: Mayerhofer Eberhard 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe show that contrary to recent papers by S. Albeverio, A. Yu. Khrennikov and V. Shelkovich, point values do not determine elements of the so‐called p ‐adic Colombeau–Egorov algebra 𝒢(ℚn p ) uniquely. We further show in a more general way that for an Egorov algebra 𝒢(M, R) of generalized functions on a locally compact ultrametric space (M, d) taking values in a nontrivial ring, a point value characterization holds if and only if (M, d) is discrete. Finally, following an idea due to M. Kunzinger and M. Oberguggenberger, a generalized point value characterization of 𝒢(M, R) is given. Elements of 𝒢(ℚn p ) are constructed which differ from the p ‐adic δ ‐distribution considered as an element of 𝒢(ℚn p ), yet coincide on point values with the latter. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Toward a behavior‐specific measure of well‐being
Authors: Solomon Herbert , Suranyi‐Unger Theodore 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSuggestions are put forth regarding a hedonic measure of well‐being based on individual freedom of choice and similarity of group behavior in the market. A type of backward segmentation using multivariate analysis is described. The suggested measure appears justifiable as an indexing device, a constant relative measure of well‐being, and/or a gauge of poverty‐wealth thresholds.
The effect of experimenter bias in a cola taste test
Authors: Brown Clifford E. , Zatklik Nancy E. , Treumann Alice M. , Buehner Timothy M. , Schmidt Lisa A. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractIn a simulated cola taste test, experimenters' nonverbal behaviors influenced subjects' cola choices, although subjects expressed no awareness of the experimenters' impact. Nonverbal intimacy behaviors may make subjects feel comfortable in same‐sex pairs and uncomfortable in mixed‐sex pairs, resulting in an association of these internal states with cola preferences.
Social power‐based print advertising: Theoretical and practical considerations
Authors: Sullivan Gary L. , O'Connor P. J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA laboratory experiment explored the impact of various power‐based copy approaches upon readers' responses to print advertising messages. The treatments employed were derived from French and Raven's bases of social power at two levels of information content. Response measures included copy‐and brand‐related variables and recall. Results indicate that there are significant differences in responses owing to both the base of social power and the information level used.
Time perception in the diffusion of safety hazard information
Authors: Shuv‐Ami Avichai , Schiffman Leon G. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractUnder natural marketplace conditions for a period of 12 weeks, the effect of relevance on time perception was examined in the diffusion of safety hazard information about the use of a brand of tampon. As hypothesized, a two‐stage log‐linear model showed that the relevance of the health hazard threat was positively related to time distortion.
Modeling inflation‐induced adaptive behaviors
Authors: Jensen Thomas D. , Rao C. P. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPredicting consumers' responses to inflationary pressures has been a dominant research area in psychology, economics, and marketing. The present study attempts to model consumers' inflation‐induced adaptive behavior using demographic, shopping patterns, and attitudes as predictors. Also, the present study is not limited to purchase behaviors. Rather, inflation‐induced adaptive behaviors are examined for the purchase, preparation, and consumption of necessity goods (food items) involving a relatively low expenditure per purchase but a relatively high annual expenditure.
Consumers' mood states: Antecedents and consequences of experiential versus informational strategies for brand choice
Authors: Gardner Meryl P. , Hill Ronald Paul 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe relationship between mood (an affective state variable) and choice strategies that are primarily affective (experiential strategy) or cognitive (informational strategy) is examined with a literature review and an empirical study. Findings suggest consumers in positive moods may be more likely to use an experiential strategy than those in negative moods, and consumers in negative moods may be more likely to use an informational strategy than those in positive moods. Results also suggest consumers in positive moods who use an experiential strategy may have more positive post‐processing moods than those who use an informational strategy, and consumers in negative moods who use an informational strategy may have more positive and post‐processing moods than those who use an experiential strategy. The implications of these findings are discussed and suggestions for further research are provided.
Product class involvement and purchase intent
Authors: Rahtz Don R. , Moore David L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWhile much has been written trying to define product‐class involvement, little has been done to explore its impact on marketing tools or models. This study empirically examines the impact of product‐class involvement on a cognitive‐based model (the cognitive‐consistency model). Results suggest that the predictive ability of cognitive‐consistency type models will decrease under low product‐class involvement.
Initial impressions in the retail environment: A comparison of black and white perceptions
Authors: Latour Michael S. , Henthorne Tony L. , Williams Alvin J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractInitial impressions were found to form along well‐differentiated lines, namely race and/or sex, in a study involving 450 shoppers at several regional shopping malls. The role of initial impressions in cognitive formation towards retail salespeople was found to be significant. Significant differences were found to exist between members of differing races. A potential implication of the results of this study is a broadened view and heightened awareness of the role initial impressions play in the buyer‐seller dyad.
Apparel catalog patronage: Demographic, lifestyle and motivational factors
Authors: Jasper Cynthia R. , Lan Pi‐Nan Rosa 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study was designed to profile catalog shoppers of apparel and to examine their frequency of shopping. Specifically, it focused on the relative importance of consumers' lifestyle, demographic, and motivational factors in catalog shopping patronage. Data from 680 respondents were analyzed. The data indicated a relationship between consumers who shop for apparel from catalogs and some of the variables included in the study. A multiple regression model indicated that when several variables were considered, the frequent catalog shoppers tended to be older and better educated than infrequent catalog shoppers. They were also more likely to engage in inactive pursuits rather than sports activities and were more likely to perceive convenience as an important factor in their decisions to shop from catalogs than were infrequent catalog shoppers.
Estimating the effects of higher coupon face values on the timing of redemptions, the mix of coupon redeemers, and purchase quantity
Authors: Krishna Aradhna , Shoemaker Robert W. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractOne of the key decisions a manager must make in designing a coupon promotion is to decide on the face value. In this study we examine the effects of higher face values on coupon redemption timing, category purchase timing, the mix of buyers who redeem the coupon, and purchase quantity. Data from a field experiment on coupon face values are used to test the hypotheses. A new method of measuring the effects of a coupon on category purchase timing is proposed. We find that coupons per se tend to advance category purchase timing, but higher face values do not increase the magnitude of this effect. Surprisingly, higher face values appear to increase redemption rates for both the prior nonbuyers and prior buyers of the brand in a similar way. However, higher face values have little effect on the package size purchased, the number of units purchased, or the total quantity (package size times units) purchased.
Dynamics of channel negotiations: Contention and reciprocity
Authors: Eyuboglu Nermin , Buja Andreas 
Published: July 2007

AbstractWe examine the dynamics of channel negotiations in terms of two useful notions: contention and reciprocity. Contention refers to the degree of overall tension between bargaining opponents. It expresses itself in all areas relevant to the negotiation process: economics, communications, and perceptions. In fact, level of contention is a dimension that ties these areas inseparably to each other. Reciprocity is the mechanism through which contention is maintained at the same or comparable levels among bargaining opponents. Reciprocity can be observed in all tactics and perceptions that cause or indicate contention. We examine these notions in two negotiation experiments and establish baseline behaviors in bargaining encounters. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparing mood‐induction and affective conditioning as mechanisms influencing product evaluation and product choice
Authors: Groenland Edward A. G. , Schoormans Jan P. L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractPrevious research has demonstrated that nonverbal, affective elements of ads have the capacity to influence the evaluation of the product in the ad, and product choice. Affective conditioning and mood induction have been presented as mechanisms responsible for this effect. In general, most researchers adopt only one of these two mechanisms in their studies. They often implicitly suggest that the two mechanisms are competing in the sense that only one mechanism is taken to be valid. In our study, the effect of a nonverbal affective stimulus, that is, music, on product evaluation and product choice was studied, using both mechanisms in two experiments with a comparable research format. The mood mechanism was studied by presenting music to subjects, thus inducing mood (cf. Alpert & Alpert, 1989; Batra & Stayman, 1990; Sullivan, 1990), followed by a slide presentation of a pen (the product). The affective conditioning mechanism was studied, using the same music and the same slides, presented in accordance with the affective conditioning paradigm. Results of the study indicate that both mechanisms may be operative in influencing the evaluation of the product, and product choice. It is further suggested that both mechanisms work differently. Mood induction is thought to create a short‐lasting association between a product and an affective stimulus. Thus, the mechanism of mood induction may be primarily important to retailers selling multiple products, for example, by playing background music in a retail store. In contrast, affective conditioning is thought to create a longerlasting integration between a product and an affective stimulus. Consequently, the mechanism of affective conditioning may be successfully employed by producers of a specific product (line). © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The unique predictive ability of sex‐role identity in explaining women's response to advertising
Authors: Jaffe Lynn J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThis study explores and compares the separate contributions of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny in explaining women's response to modern and traditional sex‐role portrayals in print advertisements. It also considers whether sex‐role identity captures unique predictive information above and beyond specific demographic variables. This study consisted of a field experiment among 200 adult women; each respondent was exposed to several carefully prepared print ads. The findings suggest that sex‐role identity is a useful predictor of women's response to advertisements. Moreover, masculinity is the driving force in explaining women's response to the tested ads. Androgyny, however, adds no incremental predictive ability. The findings indicate that sex‐role identity does capture new information, unexplained by specific demographic variables. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
The interactive effects of monetary incentive justification and questionnaire length on mail survey response rates
Authors: Biner Paul M. , Kidd Heath J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractAn experiment was conducted in which a survey questionnaire and a $1.00 incentive were sent to 200 randomly selected residents of a midwestern city. For half of the respondents, the enclosed monetary incentive was justified in a cover letter as an attempt to induce feelings of obligation to return the questionnaire (equity‐salient condition), whereas for the other half of the respondents, the incentive was justified as an appreciative gesture (standard condition). Furthermore, some subjects received a short questionnaire, whereas the rest received a long questionnaire. Response rates were assessed by condition. As predicted, the equity‐salient appeal produced a significantly higher response rate than the standard appeal, but only for subjects who received the short questionnaire. Results are discussed in terms of personal equity theory. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Risk taking in sales‐force selection decisions: The impact of decision frame and time
Authors: Marshall Greg W. , Mowen John C. , Stone Thomas H. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractA field experiment was conducted in which managers selected between two differentially risky candidates for an open sales position. Decision frame (gain or loss) and time until decision outcome (close or distant) were manipulated. As predicted by the Mowen and Mowen (1991) time and outcome valuation (TOV) model, an interaction occurred between decision frame and time such that preferences for the more‐ or less‐risky candidate varied based upon these conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the potential for improving sales management selection decisions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Interpreting multidimensional data with cognitive differentiation analysis
Authors: Steven Perkins W. , Reynolds Thomas J. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe interpretation of multidimensional data in consumer research has traditionally required property fitting to determine the structure underlying the data. As an alternative, Cognitive Differentiation Analysis (CDA) regresses a matrix of pairwise product judgments on vectors of product‐attribute ratings. The estimated multiple regression equation indicates the degree of differentiation in the pairwise data that is accounted for by each attribute. In this article CDA is applied to the analysis of simulated multidimensional data and to actual data from a benefit segmentation study. The implications of improved interpretability of multidimensional data for understanding the competitive environment are discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Market segmentation: A comparison of benefits/attributes desired and brand preference
Authors: O'Connor P. J. , Sullivan Gary L. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractBenefits/attributes desired is commonly considered the most strategically meaningful market segmentation base. However, in practice, problems in product benefit/attribute specification and data collection are frequently observed. This research compares the performance of benefits/attributes desired and brand preference (a competing segmentation base that provides similar information but is more closely related to purchase behavior) on the criteria of segment identification, brand purchase, and responsiveness to marketing mix elements. Results suggest that brand preference segmentation produces more interpretable and managerially useful segmentation results than benefits/attributes desired. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
South shore bank: Is it the model of success for community development banks?
Authors: Esty Benjamin C. 
Published: July 2007

AbstractSouth Shore Bank, the country's first community development bank, began in 1973 with the dual objectives of making a profit and improving conditions in the community of South Shore, Chicago. Although the bank has been hailed as a success, there has been little work on defining or measuring its performance against either objective. This article compares the bank's financial performance against comparable banks (holding companies) and the demographic changes in the South Shore community against changes in the contiguous communities. The results suggest that both the bank and the community exhibit worse relative performance. Additional research is needed to verify these results and to determine how to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of community development banks. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Ethene‐graft‐Ethene/Propene Copolymers
Authors: Arikan Burçak , Stadler Florian J. , Kaschta Joachim , Münstedt Helmut , Kaminsky Walter 
Published: July 2007

AbstractThe synthesis of ethene/propene macromers with a high amount of sterically unhindered vinyl groups is described. These macromers are incorporated as long‐chain branches into polyethylene (PE). The remaining low molecular fractions were removed by Soxhlet extraction. Up to 60 wt.‐% macromer was included, which leads to comb‐like molecular topographies that distinctly affect the rheological behavior. The thermal activation energy increased significantly and the zero shear‐rate viscosity enhancement factor η0/η was also changed noticeably.magnified image
Study on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Polylactic Acid by Endogenous Depolymerization Model
Authors: Watanabe Masaji , Kawai Fusako , Tsuboi Sadao , Nakatsu Shogo , Ohara Hitomi 
Published: July 2007

AbstractEnzymatic degradation of polylactic acid is studied experimentally and analytically. Gel permeation chromatography profiles obtained before and after the enzymatic degradation of polylactic acid (PLA) were introduced into the analysis based on a mathematical model. Previously developed techniques were successfully adapted to the analysis of an initial value problem consisting of an endogenous depolymerization model and an initial condition, and an inverse problem to determine the degradation rate for which the solution of the initial value problem also satisfies a final condition. Those problems were solved numerically and numerical results are introduced. Degradabilities of PLA and polyvinyl alcohol are compared.magnified image