bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A simple model for power consumption in gassed and boiling stirred vessels
Authors: Paglianti Alessandro , Fujasova Maria , Montante Giuseppina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe aim of this work is to investigate the influence of the main geometrical and hydrodynamic characteristics of gas–liquid stirred tanks on the ventilated cavities forming at the rear of impeller blades and the effect of their size on power consumption. The experimental part of the work was carried in a standard baffled vessel, mechanically stirred with a Rushton turbine. The influence of the sparger diameter on the cavity dimensions and the power consumption was evaluated first, using two different gas spargers. The experimental data confirm that the gas distributor plays an important role on the interactions between the gas–liquid mixture and the impeller. On the modeling side, a simplified correlation to predict the cavity size is developed, that is based on the analogy with the phenomenon of ventilated cavity formation at the rear of vehicles traveling through water. After testing its consistency by adopting available literature data, the correlation is implemented in a mechanistic model for evaluating the power consumption for aerated modern turbines as well as stirred boiling systems, and acceptable predictions are obtained. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Synthesis of anion exchange polystyrene membranes for the electrolysis of sodium chloride
Authors: Sachdeva Sonny , Ram Ram P. , Singh Jayant K. , Kumar Anil 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe have prepared a cross‐linked polystyrene anion exchange composite membrane for the electrolysis of sodium chloride to produce sodium hydroxide by selective removal of chloride ions. The composite membrane is homogeneously modified by gas phase nitration, followed by amination using hydrazine hydrate, and further reaction with dichloroethane and triethylamine to introduce quaternary ammonium charges on it. We showed that the membrane is specific to the transport of chloride ions through its pores. The performance of the membrane has been evaluated in terms of current efficiency and power consumption, and the effect of various parameters like current density, initial salt concentration, and circulation rate is studied. The maximum current efficiency obtained is 96.5% and the corresponding power consumption is 0.1216 kWh/mol at 5.2 N initial salt concentration and current density of 254 A/m2. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
The presence of JAK2V617F in primary myelofibrosis or its allele burden in polycythemia vera predicts chemosensitivity to hydroxyurea
Authors: Sirhan Shireen , Lasho Terra L. , Hanson Curtis A. , Mesa Ruben A. , Pardanani Animesh , Tefferi Ayalew 
Published: February 2008

AbstractJAK2V617F‐positive patients with essential thrombocythemia, as opposed to their mutation‐negative counterparts, require lower doses of hydroxyurea (HU) for control of their platelet count. In the current study, we looked for predictors of HU response in 69 patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) and 56 with polycythemia vera (PV). JAK2V617F analysis was performed on bone marrow‐derived DNA obtained at or near the time of diagnosis. HU response in PMF was associated with a shorter disease duration (P = 0.008), absence of previous therapy (P = 0.01), older age at diagnosis (P = 0.009), and presence of JAK2V617F (P = 0.02). On multivariable analysis, only the latter retained its significance (48% vs. 8% response in mutation positive vs. negative cases). In PV, JAK2V617F allele burden correlated directly with HU response (P = 0.05) and inversely with daily HU dose in responding patients (P = 0.02). The current study suggests that JAK2V617F presence identifies PMF patients who are likely to respond to HU therapy, and information on its allele burden helps in assigning the optimal starting dose in individual patients with PV. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Long‐term ultra‐low‐dose acyclovir against varicella‐zoster virus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Asano‐Mori Yuki , Kanda Yoshinobu , Oshima Kumi , Kako Shinichi , Shinohara Akihito , Nakasone Hideki , Sato Hiroyuki , Watanabe Takuro , Hosoya Noriko , Izutsu Koji , Asai Takashi , Hangaishi Akira , Motokura Toru , Chiba Shigeru , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo evaluate the efficacy of long‐term prophylaxis with ultra‐low‐dose acyclovir against varicella‐zoster virus (VZV) reactivation, we analyzed the records of 242 Japanese adult patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the first time from 1995 to 2006 at our hospital. We started long‐term oral acyclovir at 200 mg/day in July 2001. Acyclovir was continued until the end of immunosuppressive therapy and at least 1 year after transplantation. Sixty‐six patients developed VZV reactivation at a median of 248 days after HSCT, with a cumulative incidence of 34.7%. Only one breakthrough reactivation occurred during long‐term acyclovir, which responded well to therapeutic dose of valacyclovir. The use of long‐term acyclovir was the only independent determinant that significantly decreased the overall incidence of VZV reactivation (20% vs. 50%, P < 0.0001). With this prophylaxis, visceral dissemination and serious complications other than post‐herpetic neuralgia was completely eliminated, and thereby need for hospitalization was significantly reduced (21% vs. 71%, P = 0.0034). Fifteen of the 57 patients who discontinued acyclovir developed VZV reactivation, with a cumulative incidence of 32.1%. VZV reactivation following discontinuation tended to occur in patients who were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at the cessation of acyclovir. These findings suggested that long‐term prophylaxis of ultra‐low‐dose acyclovir resulted in a successful prevention of severe VZV‐related symptoms and death, with a significantly decreased overall incidence of VZV reactivation. Prolongation of prophylactic acyclovir on profound immunosuppression might be important for thorough suppression of VZV reactivation. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Conventional allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for lymphoma may overcome the poor prognosis associated with a positive FDG‐PET scan before transplantation
Authors: Yoshimi Akihide , Izutsu Koji , Takahashi Miwako , Kako Shinichi , Oshima Kumi , Kanda Yoshinobu , Motokura Toru , Chiba Shigeru , Momose Toshimitsu , Ohtomo Kuni , Kurokawa Mineo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA positive scan in pretransplantation fluorine‐18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) has been shown to be associated with a poor prognosis in patients with lymphoma undergoing high‐dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). For those with a positive FDG‐PET scan, treatment that includes allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo‐SCT) may be an alternative. However, it is uncertain whether allo‐SCT can overcome a poor prognosis. Therefore, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 14 patients with lymphoma who had undergone FDG‐PET scan within one month before allo‐SCT at our institution. Eleven patients were FDG‐PET‐positive and three were negative. With a median follow‐up of 17 months (range: 6–44) after allo‐SCT, the cumulative incidence of progression was 29.3% in FDG‐PET‐positive patients and 0% in the FDG‐PET‐negative patients. Four of the 11 patients who had post‐transplantation FDG‐PET showed FDG‐avid lesions on the first post‐transplantation scan. In two of the four, regression of the lesions was observed during the scheduled reduction of immunosuppressant without donor lymphocyte infusion and remained without progression at the last follow‐up (34 and 8 months). Durable responses after allo‐SCT, at least with conventional conditioning regimens, can be expected in patients with FDG‐PET‐positive lesions before transplantation. Thus, conventional allo‐SCT could be an attractive modality compared to ASCT for patients with positive FDG‐PET after the completion of conventional salvage chemotherapy, and particularly for patients with T and NK‐cell lymphomas. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Germline mosaicism in achondroplasia detected in sperm DNA of the father of three affected sibs
Authors: Natacci Federica , Baffico Maria , Cavallari Ugo , Bedeschi Maria Francesca , Mura Isabella , Paffoni Alessio , Levi Setti Paolo , Baldi Maurizia , Lalatta Faustina 
Published: February 2008

AbstractWe describe a sib recurrence for achondroplasia with parents of average stature. The three sibs shared the paternal allele and all carried the same causal mutation in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 gene (FGFR3): G > A nt1138 (Gly380Arg). We were able to identify this mutation on sperm DNA confirming paternal germinal mosaicism. Our family shows that a more precise definition of the recurrence risk is feasible using this approach, based on a single DNA test, which could be offered in selected cases. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cognitive and motor development during childhood in boys with Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Ross Judith L. , Roeltgen David P. , Stefanatos Gerry , Benecke Rebecca , Zeger Martha P.D. , Kushner Harvey , Ramos Purita , Elder Frederick F. , Zinn Andrew R. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe goal of this study was to expand the description of the cognitive development phenotype in boys with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY). We tested neuropsychological measures of memory, attention, visual‐spatial abilities, visual‐motor skills, and language. We examined the influence of age, handedness, genetic aspects (parental origin of the extra X chromosome, CAGn repeat length, and pattern of X inactivation), and previous testosterone treatment on cognition. We studied 50 boys with KS (4.1–17.8 years). There was a significant increase in left‐handedness (P = 0.002). Specific language, academic, attentional, and motor abilities tended to be impaired. In the language domain, there was relative sparing of vocabulary and meaningful language understanding abilities but impairment of higher level linguistic competence. KS boys demonstrated an array of motor difficulties, especially in strength and running speed. Deficits in the ability to sustain attention without impulsivity were present in the younger boys. Neither genetic factors examined nor previous testosterone treatment accounted for variation in the cognitive phenotype in KS. The cognitive results from this large KS cohort may be related to atypical brain lateralization and have important diagnostic and psychoeducational implications. The difficulty in complex language processing, impaired attention and motor function in boys with KS may be missed. It is critical that boys with KS are provided with appropriate educational support that targets their learning challenges in school in addition to modifications that address their particular learning style. These findings would also be an important component of counseling clinicians and families about this disorder. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Congenital heart defects in spinal muscular atrophy type I: A clinical report of two siblings and a review of the literature
Authors: Menke Leonie A. , Poll‐The Bwee Tien , Clur Sally‐Ann , Bilardo Catia M. , van der Wal Allard C. , Lemmink Henny H. , Cobben Jan Maarten 
Published: February 2008

AbstractA newborn girl presented with asphyxia, joint contractures and diminished spontaneous movements. Echocardiography showed hypoplastic left heart. Spinal muscular atrophy type I (SMA I) was diagnosed by detecting a homozygous deletion in the survival motor neuron 1 gene (SMN1). In the first trimester of a subsequent pregnancy, SMA I, hypoplastic left heart, and contractures were identified again. Congenital heart defects (CHD) have now been reported in 20 patients with SMA I, including three previously reported siblings and our two siblings, leading us to hypothesize that SMA I/CHD represents a unique phenotype of SMA I rather than a coincidental association. The homozygous SMN1 deletion may play a role in the development of CHD when it occurs in the presence of mutations or polymorphisms in other genes important for cardiac development. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis in Prader–Willi syndrome
Authors: Butler Merlin G. , Fischer William , Kibiryeva Nataliya , Bittel Douglas C. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractPrader–Willi syndrome (PWS) is due to loss of paternally expressed genes in the 15q11–q13 region generally from a paternal 15q11–q13 deletion. The proximal deletion breakpoint in the 15q11–q13 region occurs at one of two sites located within either of two large duplicons allowing for identification of two typical deletion subgroups. The larger type I (TI) deletion involving breakpoint 1 (BP1) is nearer to the centromere and located proximal to the microsatellite marker D15S1035, while the smaller type II (TII) deletion involves breakpoint 2 (BP2) and distal to D15S1035. Breakpoint 3 (BP3) is located at the distal end of the 15q11–q13 region and common to both typical deletion subgroups. Using high resolution aCGH, BP1 spanned a region from 18.683 to 20.220 Mb, BP2 from 20.812 to 21.357 Mb and BP3 from 25.941 to 27.286 Mb. The TI deletion ranged in size from 5.721 to 8.147 Mb (mean 6.583) and the type II deletion from 4.770 to 6.435 Mb (mean 5.330). A subset of the TI subjects showed larger deletions including the loss of at least three genes/transcripts (i.e., LOC283755, POTE5, OR4N4) in addition to the four genes between BP1 and BP2 (i.e., GCP5, CYFIP1, NIPA1, NIPA2). Interestingly, four PWS subjects had duplications of the 15q11 region in addition to the typical deletion. Furthermore, most PWS subjects had copy number variation (CNV) of 50 kb or larger in other chromosome regions; most common were deletions and duplications of 8p and 3q, previously recognized sites of CNV in the human genome. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Kiyose Kazuki , Kojima Hirotatsu , Nagano Tetsuo 
Published: February 2008

AbstractNear‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes have attracted much attention, but despite the availability of various NIR fluorophores, only a few functional NIR probes, that is, probes whose absorption and/or fluorescence spectra change upon specific reaction with biomolecules, have been developed. However, functional probes operating in the NIR range that can be targeted to protons, metal ions, nitric oxide, β‐galactosidase, and cellular stress markers are expected to be effective for fluorescence imaging in vivo. This Focus Review concentrates on these functional NIR probes themselves, not their applications.
Impact of clarification strategy on chromatographic separations: Pre‐processing of cell homogenates
Authors: Bracewell D.G. , Boychyn M. , Baldascini H. , Storey S.A. , Bulmer M. , More J. , Hoare M. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThis research focused on how the extent and type of primary solid–liquid separation can affect the performance of guard filtration and chromatography, in this instance hydrophobic interaction chromatography. The system used in the study was yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) with the target molecule being an intracellular protein; alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). As expected, loading more poorly clarified suspensions (both centrates and primary filtrates) required proportionally larger guard filtration areas. In addition for feed suspensions prepared by centrifugation, increased clarification led to greater column capacity. However, where filtration was used to achieve similar clarification considerably lower column capacity was achieved. These results were attributed to centrifugation leading to the aggregation of lipids and their subsequent removal in this form before application to the column. Clarification by filtration leaves such lipids in their original “soluble” state and hence they are not removed. The importance of the need to examine such interactive effects in bioprocess studies is discussed. This observation was confirmed with further analytical work into the nature of the aggregated material formed in the supernatant under centrifugation conditions. This material was only soluble in an organic solvent, and identified as phophatidylcholine and ergosterol as among the components removed by centrifugation and guard filtration as opposed to filtration and guard filtration. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 941–949. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fungal removal of gaseous hexane in biofilters packed with poly(ethylene carbonate) pine sawdust or peat composites
Authors: Hernández‐Meléndez Oscar , Bárzana Eduardo , Arriaga Sonia , Hernández‐Luna Martín , Revah Sergio 
Published: February 2008

AbstractThe removal of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in biofilters packed with organic filter beds, such as peat moss (PM) and pine sawdust (PS), frequently presents drawbacks associated to the collapse of internal structures affecting the long‐term operation. Poly(ethylene ether carbonate) (PEEC) groups grafted to these organic carriers cross linked with 4,4′‐methylenebis(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) permitted fiber aggregation into specific shapes and with excellent hexane sorption performance. Modified peat moss (IPM) showed very favorable characteristics for rapid microbial development. Water‐holding capacity in addition to hexane adsorption almost equal to the dry samples was obtained. Pilot scale hexane biofiltration experiments were performed with the composites after inoculation with the filamentous fungus Fusarium solani. During the operation of the biofilter under non‐aseptic conditions, the addition of bacterial antibiotics did not have a relevant effect on hexane removal, confirming the role of fungi in the uptake of hexane and that bacterial growth was intrinsically limited by an adequate performance of the composites. IPM biofilter had a start‐up period of 8–13 days with concurrent CO2 production of ∼90 g m−3 h−1 at day 11. The final pressure drop after 70 days of operation was 5.3 mmH2O m−1 reactor. For modified pine sawdust (IPS) packed biofilter, 5 days were required to develop an EC of about 100 g m−3 h−1 with an inlet hexane load of ∼190 g m−3 h−1. Under similar conditions, 12–17 days were required to observe a significant start‐up in the reference perlite biofilter to reach gradually an EC of ∼100 g m−3 h−1 at day 32. Under typical biofiltration conditions, the physical–chemical properties of the modified supports maintained a minimum water activity (aw) of 0.925 and a pH between 4 and 5.5, which allowed the preferential fungal development and limited bacterial growth. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 864–871. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Optimal conditions for freezing CHO‐S and HEK293‐EBNA cell lines: Influence of Me2SO, freeze density, and PEI‐mediated transfection on revitalization and growth of cells, and expression of recombinant protein
Authors: Kleman Marika I. , Oellers Kerstin , Lullau Elke 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTo avoid the time consuming, labor intensive seed‐train expansion and to improve production reliability and consistency, portions of bulk cryopreserved cells from the same cultivation can be utilized as inocula or alternatively may be used to undertake transient transfections for large‐scale bioreactor production. In this study, the conditions for large‐scale freezing in cryobags were optimized utilizing a design of experiment approach. We showed that relatively high density of 30–40 × 106 cells/mL and relatively low Me2SO concentrations of 5–6% in the freezing media are optimal to freeze HEK293‐EBNA and CHO‐S cells in a controlled manner in order to achieve high viable cell recovery and growth post‐thawing. The immediate transfer of freshly thawed cells into culture medium resulted in better cell growth compared to cells that were centrifuged in order to remove Me2SO. This was the case as long as the residual Me2SO did not exceed 0.2–0.3%. The best time to perform transient 25 kDa polyethylenimine‐mediated transfection of pCEP4‐EGFP plasmid into freshly thawed, one‐step inoculated cells is after 72–96 h in culture. At this time point, the numbers of EGFP‐positive cells in the freshly thawed culture mimic perfectly that of cells grown continuously. Finally, our data showed that it is possible to freeze transiently polyethyleneimine‐transfected HEK293‐EBNA cells and maintain growth rate and expression of recombinant protein following thawing. The optimal time point for freezing cells was 4 h after transfection. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 911–922. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effects of pH and hydraulic retention time on hydrogen production versus methanogenesis during anaerobic fermentation of organic household solid waste under extreme‐thermophilic temperature (70°C)
Authors: Liu Dawei , Zeng Raymond J. , Angelidaki Irini 
Published: February 2008

AbstractTwo continuously stirred tank reactors were operated with household solid waste at 70°C, for hydrogen and methane production. The individual effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT as 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 days) at pH 7 or pH (5, 5.5, 6, 6.5, 7) at 3‐day HRT was investigated on the hydrogen production versus methanogenesis. It was found that at pH 7, the maximum hydrogen yield was 107 mL‐H2/g VSadded (volatile solid added) but no stable hydrogen production was obtained as after some time methanogenesis was initiated at all tested HRTs. This demonstrated that sludge retention time alone was not enough for washing out the methanogens at pH 7 under extreme‐thermophilic conditions. Oppositely, we showed that keeping the pH level at 5.5 was enough to inhibit methane and produce hydrogen stably at 3‐day HRT. However, the maximum stable hydrogen yield was low at 21 mL‐H2/g VSadded. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1108–1114. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Medical biofilms
Authors: Bryers James D. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractFor more than two decades, Biotechnology and Bioengineering has documented research focused on natural and engineered microbial biofilms within aquatic and subterranean ecosystems, wastewater and waste‐gas treatment systems, marine vessels and structures, and industrial bioprocesses. Compared to suspended culture systems, intentionally engineered biofilms are heterogeneous reaction systems that can increase reactor productivity, system stability, and provide inherent cell:product separation. Unwanted biofilms can create enormous increases in fluid frictional resistances, unacceptable reductions in heat transfer efficiency, product contamination, enhanced material deterioration, and accelerated corrosion. Missing from B&B has been an equivalent research dialogue regarding the basic molecular microbiology, immunology, and biotechnological aspects of medical biofilms. Presented here are the current problems related to medical biofilms; current concepts of biofilm formation, persistence, and interactions with the host immune system; and emerging technologies for controlling medical biofilms. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2008;100: 1–18. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of 4‐(Azol‐1‐yl)butyric Acids by the Interaction of Azoles with γ‐Butyrolactone.
Authors: Alekseenko A. L. , Popkov S. V. 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile One‐Pot Synthesis of Thio and Selenourea Derivatives: A New Class of Potent Urease Inhibitors.
Authors: Sivapriya Kirubakaran , Suguna Perumal , Banerjee Arun , Saravanan Vadivelu , Rao Desirazu N. , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan 
Published: February 2008

AbstractChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.