bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
T2‐T3 carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx: A comparison of surgery and radiotherapy
Authors: Fein Douglas A. , Nichols R. Charles , Lee W. Robert , Mendenhall William M. , Parsons James T. , Stringer Scott P. , Cassisi Nicholas J. , Million Rodney R. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThis paper compares results for T2‐T3 carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx treated with radiotherapy (RT), supraglottic laryngectomy, or total laryngectomy. Two hundred thirty patients with T2‐T3 carcinoma of the supraglottic larynx were treated at the University of Florida between 1964 and 1989. All had a minimum 2‐year follow‐up. Patients were treated with RT alone (160), supraglottic laryngectomy (25), or total laryngectomy (45). The probabilities of local control, local‐regional control, distant metastasis, and survival were calculated by the Kaplan‐Meier product‐limit method and comparisons were made between the three treatment methods. American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage, T stage, anatomic suitability for a supraglottic laryngectomy, treatment group, and presence or absence of a pretreatment tracheostomy were evaluated in multivariate analyses for the various end points. The 2‐year local control rates for patients treated with RT alone, supraglottic laryngectomy, and total laryngectomy for T2 lesions were 87%, 82%, and 100%, respectively, and rates for T3 lesions were 70%, 71%, and 81%. In the multivariate analyses, T stage was of independent prognostic significance for the end point of local control, whereas AJCC stage was a significant prognostic factor for control above the clavicles and cause‐specific survival. The incidence of severe complications was as follows: RT (6%), supraglottic laryngectomy (20%), and total laryngectomy (16%). In this analysis of T2‐T3 supraglottic larynx carcinomas, treatment with RT offered equivalent local control rates, local‐regional control rates, and survival rates with fewer severe complications compared with supraglottic laryngectomy. Although total laryngectomy was associated with a modest improvement in local‐regional control, the differences were not statistically significant, and this procedure would rarely be indicated today for T2 lesions and uncommonly for T3 lesions. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neutron therapy program at the national accelerator centre, South Africa: Preliminary results
Authors: Stannard Clare , Vernimmen Frederik , Jones Dan , Wilson Jennifer , van Wijk Leon , Brennan Sean , Schreuder Nick , Symons Julyan , Levin Victor , Mills Elwin , Alberts Albert , Werner Dudley , Smit Ben , Schmitt Gerd 
Published: February 2007

AbstractNeutron therapy with a p(66)/Be isocentric beam started at the National Accelerator Centre (NAC) in September 1988 and proton therapy with a 200 MeV horizontal beam started in September 1993. A total of 608 patients have been treated in the neutron therapy program and the preliminary results show: 1) no statistical differences in survival and disease‐free probability between 60Co, neutron therapy, and accelerated neutron therapy for head and neck cance; 2) 1‐ and 2‐year complete response rates of 63% and 51% and survival probabilities of 90% and 73%, respectively, for advanced salivary gland tumours; 3) complete response rates of 67% for macroscopic residual soft tissue sarcomas, 60% for irresectable tumours of less than 10 cm in diameter, and 0% for tumours of more than 10 cm in diamete; 4) local control rates of 64% and 76% for advanced breast carcinomas treated with 17 and 19 Gy, respectively; 5) complete response rate of 50% for macroscopic residual uterine sarcomas; and 6) complete response rates of 45% for advanced maxillary antral carcinomas, 33% for irresectable osteosarcomas, and 38% for chondrosarcomas. With the constant patient accrual and reliable operation of the therapy facilities the NAC could play a major role in defining the future of high‐energy neutrons in radiation treatment. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Modification of ataxia telangiectasia cellular radiation sensitivity and resistant dna synthesis by transformation with episomally maintained vectors
Authors: Jung Mira Oh , Zhang Yin , Salehi Zahra , Kern Francis , Dritschilo Anatoly 
Published: February 2007

AbstractAtaxia telangiectasia (AT) is a complex, multisystemic human genetic disease characterized by its extreme cellular radiation sensitivity and resistant DNA synthesis. Using vector mediated gene transfer with a cDNA library from radiation resistant human tumor cells, we have isolated a clone of transformed AT cells in which both resistant DNA synthesis and radiation sensitivity have been corrected to normal human fibroblast levels. Plasmid rescue and polymerase chain reaction amplifications permitted the identification of seven candidate cDNAs present in these transformed cells. The results of these experiments provide a strategy for investigating the molecular factors that affect radiation resistance and those AT cellular defects which may be responsible for the acute radiation sensitivity of AT. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Nitric oxide modulation enhances the in vivo protection from lethal irradiation by stem cell factor
Authors: Liebmann James , Deluca Anne Marie , Coffin Deborah , Venzon David J. , Wink David A. , Mitchell James B. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractStem cell factor (SCF; c‐kit ligand) and nitric oxide are whole body radiation protectors that presumably act by different mechanisms. The purpose of the present study was to determine if nitric oxide, delivered to mice by the nitric oxide releasing agent DEA/NO, combined with SCF would provide enhanced radiation protection in C3H mice compared with the protection afforded by either agent alone. Mice were exposed to whole body irradiation and assessed for survival at 30 days after irradiation. The radiation LD50/30 for control mice was 789 cGy. Treatment of mice preirradiation with SCF (100 μg/kg at ‐20 and ‐4 hr) or DEA/NO (70 mg/kg at ‐10 min) increased the radiation LD50/30 to 983 and 1,100 cGy, respectively (P < 0.00001 for either SCF or DEA/NO vs. control mice). The combination of SCF and DEA/NO increased the LD50/30 to 1,246 cGy (dose modifying factor of 1.58 compared to control mice; P < 0.00001 for the combination vs. either agent alone). These data confirm that SCF and nitric oxide are in vivo radiation protectors and that their radioprotective effects are at least additive when these agents are given together. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, IncThis article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
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Antiangiogenic agents can increase tumor oxygenation and response to radiation therapy
Authors: Teicher Beverly A. , Dupuis Norman , Kusomoto Tetsuya , Robinson Michael F. , Liu Fang , Menon Krishna , Coleman C. Norman 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe Lewis lung carcinoma growing subcutaneously in the hind leg of male C57BL mice is very hypoxic, having 92% of the pO2 measurements ≤ 5 mmHg as determined with a polarographic oxygen electrode. Administration of a perflubron emulsion (8 ml/kg) along with carbogen breathing increased the tumor oxygen level so that 82% of the pO2 readings were ≤ 5 mmHg. Treating tumor‐bearing animals with TNP‐470 (30 mg/kg, s.c.) on alternate days and minocycline (10 mg/kg, i.p.) daily beginning on day 4 after tumor cell implantation resulted in decreased hypoxia in the tumors on day 9 when pO2 measurements were made. The percent of pO2 readings ≤ 5 mmHg in the tumors of the TNP‐470/ minocycline‐treated animals was 75%, which upon administration of the perflubron emulsion along with carbogen breathing was reduced to 45%. Therapeutically daily fractionated radiation (2, 3, or 4 Gy ≤ 5) was used as an oxygen‐dependent cytotoxic modality. The radiation response of the rumors in TNP‐470/minocycline‐treated animals was greater than that in the untreated tumors. The addition of carbogen breathing for 1 hr prior to and during radiation delivery further increased the radiation response so that overall there was a 2.2‐fold increase in the tumor growth delay produced by the fractionated radiation in the animals treated with TNP‐470/minocycline compared with untreated animals. Administration of the perflubron emulsion along with carbogen breathing prior to and during radiation delivery resulted in a 3.4‐fold increase in tumor growth delay by the fractionated radiation regimens in the TNP‐470/minocycline‐treated animals compared with the tumor growth delay obtained with radiation alone. There was a linear relationship between decrease in the percent of pO2 readings ≤ 5 mmHg and tumor growth delay at each radiation dose indicating that the diminution in tumor hypoxia produced by these treatments may be directly responsible for the increase in the effectiveness of the radiation therapy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Topical administration of antimicrobial agents to prevent irradiation mucositis of the oral cavity and oropharynx: A pilot study
Authors: Kaanders Johannes H. A. M. , Pop Lucas A. M. , Muytjens Harry L. , Bruaset Ingolv , van Daal Willem A. J. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe value of topical administration of antimicrobial agents to prevent irradiation mucositis of the oral cavity and oropharynx was investigated in this pilot study. Thirty‐six patients receiving radiotherapy for head and neck cancer were included. Lozenges containing polymyxin E, tobramycin, and amphotericin B (PTA‐lozenges) were administered during and after the course of irradiation to eradicate gram‐negative bacilli and yeasts. Mucosal reactions and dysphagia were assessed and oropharyngeal cultures were obtained. Thirty‐six patients treated in a previous period served as controls. Sixteen of the 36 patients in each group received irradiation predominantly to the oral mucosa. Confluent mucositis was observed in only 1 of 16 patients receiving PTA‐lozenges but in 10 of the 16 patients of the control group (P = 0.001). Average duration of mucositis was also less with PTA‐lozenges as well as dysphagia. Mucosal reactions and dysphagia in the patients who had mainly oropharyngeal mucosa in the treatment volume were not reduced. Persistent colonization by gram‐negative bacilli occurred in only three patients. It is concluded that topical administration of polymyxin E, tobramycin, and amphotericin B may reduce irradiation mucositis of the oral cavity. The underlying mechanism must be further elucidated. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging following interstitial implantation of pelvic malignancies
Authors: Erickson Beth A. , Erickson Scott J. , Prost Robert W. , Albano Katherine , Gillin Michael T. , Foley W. Dennis 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to develop a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that will permit artifact‐free visualization of implanted needles in relation to tumor volume and normal internal anatomy for treatment planning after interstitial implantation of pelvic malignancies. Development of an MRI‐compatible template and needle system is described in two patients. The system consists of a modified plastic Syed‐Neblett template and vaginal obturator with sleeve accommodating plastic flexiguides loaded with titanium obturators. Visualization of the flexiguides loaded with titanium obturators and their relationship to normal structures and tumor volume were assessed following MRI scanning. The images obtained reveal no scatter artifact from the flexiguides. It was possible to distinguish the flexiguides from the soft tissues and evaluate their relationship to tumor and normal internal anatomy. In conclusion, MRI following trans‐perineal interstitial implantation of pelvic malignancies is possible and may ultimately be superior to computed tomography (CT) in defining the relationship of the needles to tumor volume as well as the normal internal structures. Further work will determine the optimum techniques for MRI‐based dosimetric analysis of transperineal interstitial implantation of pelvic malignancies. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Overexpression of the gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase transgene does not alter the gamma irradiation sensitivity of the IB3–1 normal bronchoepithelial or A549 human lung carcinoma cell line
Authors: Roscnstein Maury , Epperly Michael , Hughey Rebecca P. , Prezioso Joseph , Greenberger Joel S. 
Published: February 2007

AbstractWe investigated the effect of overexpression of the gene for gamma‐glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) on the gamma irradiation sensitivity of human bronchoepithelial cell line IB3–1 or A549 lung carcinoma cells. The enzyme has been considered a putative radioprotector because it is the only enzyme capable of degrading extracellular glutathione to ultimately provide cysteine for resynthesis of intracellular glutathione. Clonal sublines of each cell line were isolated after transfection with a plasmid containing both the rat GGTP cDNA and neor gene, and selected in G418. Each transfected clone demonstrated a different degree of GGTP enzymatic expression by biochemical analysis. The D0 of parent IB3–1 cells was 1.434 ± 0.138 Gy, n 2.331 ± 0.685, and was unchanged by GGTP overexpression, D0 1.932 ± 0.690 Gy (P = 0.133), n 2.916 ± 2.7 (P = 0.628). In contrast, overexpression of the MnSOD transgene in IB3–1 cells increase the shoulder on the irradiation survival curve for IB3–1 cells, showing significant increase in the shoulder, D0 1.239 ± 0.1 Gy (P = 0.079), n 7.276 ± 0.1 (P < 0.001). Lung cancer cell line A549 was subcloned after expression of the GGTP transgene, and clonal subline 22 demonstrated stably increased GGTP activity and protein production by Western analysis. The parental A549 line was also redoned by limiting dilution. A series of clonal sublines of clonal line 22 expressed up to a 97‐fold increase in GGTP expression compared to control clones. In clonogenic cell survival assays in the presence or absence of added glutathione, no difference in irradiation sensitivity was detected between parent or GGTP transfected and overexpressing subclones despite an increase in GGTP activity. The D0 of the subclone 10 of parent A549 cells was 1.6 ± 0.40 Gy and n was 4.8 ± 3.0, α 0.13 ± 0.10, β 0.052 ± 0.02; while the D0 for GGTP overexpressing clone 17, a subclone of line 22, was 1.3 ± 0.05 Gy, n 2.6 ± 0.18, a 0.279 ± 0.01, p 0.059 ± 0.01. The cell lines were not significantly different with respect to D0 (P = 0.55), indicating no significant effect of GGTP overexpression on radiosensitivity. Thus, GGTP overexpression in either normal lung bronchoalveolar cell line IB3–1 or lung cancer cell line A549 does not induce radioresistance in vitro. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of intratumoral injections of a perfluorochemical emulsion on tumor radiosensitivity
Authors: Rockwell Sara 
Published: February 2007

AbstractPast studies in several laboratories have shown that intravenous administration of perfluorochemical emulsions (PFC‐E) combined with the breathing of oxygen, carbogen, or hyperbaric oxygen improves the oxygenation of solid tumors and increases the response of these malignancies to radiation and cytotoxic drugs. It has been suggested that direct intratumoral (IT) injection of PFC‐E would also be effective in improving the response of tumors to radiation. The experiments reported here test this hypothesis, using a high quality PFC‐E (Oxygent™, Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., San Diego, CA) and a well‐defined mouse tumor model system, EMT6 mouse mammary tumors implanted into syngeneic BALB/c Rw mice. Tumor response was assayed using both a clonogenic assay and a tumor growth assay. The IT injections tested did not improve the response of tumors to radiation in either air breathing or carbogen breathing hosts. In contrast, intravenous injections of Oxygent™, combined with carbogen breathing, were effective in increasing the response of tumors to irradiation. These studies provide additional evidence that intravenous administration of PFC‐E may be valuable as an adjunct to radiotherapy, but provide no evidence that the direct IT administration of these agents would be of value. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Protein kinase C inhibitor as a potent inhibitor of accelerated repopulation during radiotherapy: I. growth inhibitory, cytotoxic, and indirect radiosensitizing effects of a staurosporine derivative (UCN‐01) in vitro
Authors: Urano Muneyasu , Reynolds Regina , Begley James 
Published: February 2007

AbstractRecently, various chemicals that attack the regulatory system for cell growth have been developed as potential antitumor agents. We have tested the effect of an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) on cell proliferation and cytotoxicity together with the interaction with radiations. A staurosporine derivative, UCN‐01 (7‐hydroxy staurosporine), was selected because of its relative specificity to PKC. Mouse FSa‐II fibrosarcoma cells were cultured in McCoy's 5a medium in 60 mm Petri dishes. To investigate cell proliferation, the number of cells was counted after trypsinization. Cell survival following drug treatment with or without irradiation was obtained by the in vitro colony formation assay; namely, single cells were plated and treatment was initiated ∼20 hr later. After drug treatment, cells were washed and incubated with fresh medium at 37°C for 7–9 days for colony formation. Survival was determined by normalizing with plating efficiency and cell multiplicity. The growth of FSa‐II cells was inhibited with 100–500 nM UCN‐01 during a 3 day treatment period, whereas no significant growth inhibition was observed following a treatment with 50 nM. In one of these experiments, cells treated with UCN‐01 for 3 days were replated in drug‐free medium. Cells pretreated with 100 nM quickly resumed their proliferation, but cells pretreated with 250 or 500 nM showed a substantial delay of repopulation. Cell survival studies showed the cytotoxic effect of UCN‐01 on FSa‐II cells. Survival curves were best‐fitted by the linear‐quadratic equation. To study whether the growth inhibition is due to the cytotoxic effect or this agent inhibiting cell proliferation, the effect of UCN‐01 on repopulation during fractionated irradiation was investigated. This result confirmed that this agent has a growth inhibitory effect on tumor cells together with a cytotoxic effect, although its synergism with radiation is weak. This result suggests that it can inhibit the cell repopulation during fractionated doses; thus, it could reduce the tumor control dose if used during the course of fractionated radiotherapy. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prostate irradiation as an alternative to the conventional management of benign prostatic hypertrophy
Authors: Costleigh Brian , Keit Joan , Miyamoto Curtis , Mieszkalski Glenn , Brady Luther W. , Micaily Bizhan 
Published: February 2007

AbstractTo help determine the efficacy of radiation therapy (RT) as an alternative to conventional treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), seven patients were treated at Hahnemann University Hospital (Philadelphia, PA), between November 1981 and May 1988, with megavoltage RT for BPH. Indications for treatment included severely symptomatic disease while having medical contraindications to, or refusal of conventional treatments. Doses ranged from 2,000 to 2,400 cGy, using 300–400 cGy fractions twice per week for 2.5–3 weeks. Radiation was delivered using 6 MV photons. All patients experienced good relief of both irritative and obstructive symptoms. Six of seven patients remained free of recurrent symptoms. There were no short‐ or long‐term complications. These preliminary data suggest that there may be a future role for RT in the treatment of BPH in the medically inoperable patient. However, further study is needed before this can be seriously considered a standard treatment alternative. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Accelerated radiation therapy of 2 Gy b.i.d. to 70 Gy in 3.5 weeks in glioblastoma multiforme
Authors: Vikram Bhadrasain , Maker Howard , Pisch Julianna , Chadha Manject , Mishra Shanti , Bcrgland Richard 
Published: February 2007

AbstractReview of the literature suggests that repopulation during radiation therapy (RT) might be an important cause of failure in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and that shortening the overall treatment time might be beneficial. We undertook this study in order to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of accelerated RT (ART) in GBM. We treated 48 patients with histologically proven GBM by ART (patients with anaplastic astrocytoma were excluded). Median age was 60 years (range 31–74 years). Karnofsky performance status (KPS) prior to ART ranged from 40 to 90 (median 55). ART started 7–22 days (median 14 days) after resection/biopsy. Whole brain ART 40 Gy in 2 weeks was followed by cone‐down ART to 30 Gy in 1.5 weeks. The interfraction interval was 4–6 hr. No chemotherapy was given. The treatment was well tolerated and the acute toxicity was quite unremarkable. The observed survival rate at 12, 18, and 24 months was 30%, 11%, and 5%, respectively. The median survival time was 44 weeks. The overwhelming cause of death was persistent/recurrent cancer at the original tumor site. Serial computed tomographic (CT) scans typically revealed reduction in the size of the tumor over 2–3 months initially, followed by a period of stability and then rapid recurrence and death. Late toxicity was obvious only in one patient who developed bilateral blindness 1 year after treatment, having received a dose of 55 Gy in 3.5 weeks to the optic chiasm. In conclusion, 70 Gy in 3.5 weeks could be delivered to patients with GBM without excessive acute or late toxicity. The short treatment time is an advantage for these patients with a limited life expectancy. The survival rates are comparable to, but not notably better than, several contemporary series with conventional RT plus chemotherapy and/or halogenated pyrimidine radiosensitizers. While alternative dose/fractionation regimes might be more successful, the results of this study failed to support our hypothesis that repopulation during RT is an important reason for the failure of treatment in GBM. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intraoperative radiotherapy for the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas of central anatomical sites
Authors: Calvo Felipe A. , Azinovic Ignacio , Martinez Rafael , Aristu Javier , Abuchaibe Oscar , Pardo Fernando , Alvarez‐Cienfuegos Javier , Berian Jose M. , Cañadelly Jose 
Published: February 2007

AbstractThe results of intense therapy for soft tissue sarcomas located in central anatomic sites using an intraoperative electron boost (10–20 Gy) during surgery, integrated in a multimodal approach including external beam irradiation with or without chemotherapy, are analyzed. The relevant clinical data include a total of 30 patients treated, 13 recurrent tumors, 11 primary locally advanced stages, 15 high grade lesions, common location in the trunk (10 cases) and retroperitoneum (8 cases), and macroscopic residual disease after surgery in 9 cases. The median follow‐up time for the entire series is 25 months (range 4–98+ months).Severe toxicity related to the combined therapy includes peripheral neuropathy in 3 patients, 1 myelopathy, 1 chronic enteritis, 1 rectovaginal fistula, and 1 lethal sepsis. Overall local control rate is 53% (65% in cases with microscopic residual disease and 35% in confirmed macrotumor residue). Subgroup analysis of local control shows a value of 72% (13/18) in patients with lesions of <10 cm in maximum dimension and 28% with tumors >10 cm (4/12). Actuarial survival rates are 36% for the entire series and 53% and 20% for patients with primary and recurrent disease, respectively. It is concluded that intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) is feasible to be integrated in multidisciplinary programs as a local intensification treatment technique. Peripheral nerves are dose‐limiting structures for IORT trials. Local tumor control rates in central sarcomas appear to be related to the status of postsurgical margins and tumor size. Long‐term survivors are followed with no evidence of disease both in primary (81+ months) and recurrent disease (98+ months) patients. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.