bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Terbutaline and the Prevention of Nocturnal Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Cooperberg Benjamin A. , Breckenridge Suzanne M. , Arbelaez Ana Maria , Cryer Philip E. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—Bedtime administration of 5.0 mg of the β2-adrenergic agonist terbutaline prevents nocturnal hypoglycemia but causes morning hyperglycemia in type 1 diabetes. We tested the hypothesis that 2.5 mg terbutaline prevents nocturnal hypoglycemia without causing morning hyperglycemia.
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This was a randomized double-blind crossover pilot study (placebo, 2.5 mg terbutaline, and 5.0 mg terbutaline) in 15 patients with type 1 diabetes.
RESULTS—Mean ± SE nadir nocturnal plasma glucose concentrations were 87 ± 14 mg/dl following placebo, 100 ± 14 mg/dl following 2.5 mg terbutaline, and 122 ± 13 mg/dl following 5.0 mg terbutaline (P &lt; 0.05 vs. placebo). Nadir levels were &lt;50 mg/dl in 5, 2, and 0 patients (P &lt; 0.05 vs. placebo), respectively. Morning levels were 113 ± 18, 127 ± 17, and 183 ± 19 mg/dl (P &lt; 0.02 vs. placebo), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS—Terbutaline may be shown to be effective and safe in the prevention of nocturnal hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes in a suitably powered randomized controlled trial.
Metformin, Sulfonylureas, or Other Antidiabetes Drugs and the Risk of Lactic Acidosis or Hypoglycemia
Authors: Bodmer Michael , Meier Christian , Krähenbühl Stephan , Jick Susan S. , Meier Christoph R. 
Published: September 2008

OBJECTIVE—Lactic acidosis has been associated with use of metformin. Hypoglycemia is a major concern using sulfonylureas. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia among patients with type 2 diabetes using oral antidiabetes drugs.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study is a nested case-control analysis using the U.K.-based General Practice Research Database to identify patients with type 2 diabetes who used oral antidiabetes drugs. Within the study population, all incident cases of lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia were identified, and hypoglycemia case subjects were matched to up to four control patients based on age, sex, practice, and calendar time.RESULTS—Among the study population of 50,048 type 2 diabetic subjects, six cases of lactic acidosis during current use of oral antidiabetes drugs were identified, yielding a crude incidence rate of 3.3 cases per 100,000 person-years among metformin users and 4.8 cases per 100,000 person-years among users of sulfonylureas. Relevant comorbidities known as risk factors for lactic acidosis could be identified in all case subjects. A total of 2,025 case subjects with hypoglycemia and 7,278 matched control subjects were identified. Use of sulfonylureas was associated with a materially elevated risk of hypoglycemia. The adjusted odds ratio for current use of sulfonylureas was 2.79 (95% CI 2.23–3.50) compared with current metformin use.CONCLUSIONS—Lactic acidosis during current use of oral antidiabetes drugs was very rare and was associated with concurrent comorbidity. Hypoglycemic episodes were substantially more common among sulfonylurea users than among users of metformin.
Mesomorphic, dielectric, and optical properties of fluorosubstituted biphenyls, terphenyls, and quaterphenyls
Authors: Kula P. , Spadło A. , Dziaduszek J. , Filipowicz M. , Dąbrowski R. , Czub J. , Urban S. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractCompounds with moderate and large negative dielectric anisotropy (Δɛ) are very attractive liquid crystal (LC) for vertical alignment mode (VA). Materials with such properties can be achieved by lateral substitution of a polar group into a mesogenic molecule. We synthesized some new LC materials with a negative value of Δɛ, a moderately high birefringence (Δn), and a low viscosity. The mesomorphic and physical behaviour of the novel biphenyls, terphenyls and quaterphenyls fluorosubstituted in the rigid core and also with fluorinated alkyl and alkoxy chains are investigated. The prepared series of four LC compounds are promising for new LC mixtures for various applications. Examples of nematic mixtures with Δɛ∼−3.25 will be presented.
Dispersion error of a beam splitter cube in white-light spectral interferometry
Authors: Hlubina P. , Luňáček J. , Ciprian D. , Chlebus R. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractWe revealed that the phase function of a thin-film structure measured by a white-light spectral interferometric technique depends on the path length difference adjusted in a Michelson interferometer. This phenomenon is due to a dispersion error of a beam splitter cube, the effective thickness of which varies with the adjusted path length difference. A technique for eliminating the effect in measurement of the phase function is described. In a first step, the Michelson interferometer with same metallic mirrors is used to measure the effective thickness of the beam splitter cube as a function of the path length difference. In a second step, one of the mirrors of the interferometer is replaced by a thin-film structure and its phase function is measured for the same path length differences as those adjusted in the first step. In both steps, the phase is retrieved from the recorded spectral interferograms by using a windowed Fourier transform applied in the wavelength domain.
Static dielectric pretransitional effects in thermotropic liquid crystals
Authors: Jadżyn J. , Czechowski G. 
Published: September 2008

AbstractThe paper presents a review of recent results on static dielectric behaviour in vicinity of weakly first order transition from isotropic liquid to a liquid crystalline nematic phase of compounds used in opto-electronic devices. Temperature behaviour of static permittivity and its derivative are interpreted in terms of a basic thermodynamic quantities increment (internal energy, entropy and Helmholtz free energy) induced by a probing electric field.
Monte Carlo evaluation of uncertainties in photon and electron TG‐51 absorbed dose calibration
Authors: McDermott Patrick N. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractPurposeThe accuracy of dose delivery to all patients treated with medical linacs depends on the accuracy of beam calibration. Dose delivery cannot be any more accurate than this. Given the importance of this, it seems worthwhile taking another look at the expected uncertainty in TG‐51 photon dose calibration and a first look at electron calibration. This work builds on the 2014 addendum to TG‐51 for photons and adds to it by also considering electrons. In that publication, estimates were made of the uncertainty in the dose calibration. In this paper, we take a deeper look at this important issue.MethodsThe methodology used here is more rigorous than previous determinations as it is based on Monte Carlo simulation of uncertainties. It is assumed that mechanical QA has been performed following TG‐142 prior to beam calibration and that there are no uncertainties that exceed the tolerances specified by TG‐142.Results/ConclusionsDespite the different methodology and assumptions, the estimated uncertainty in photon beam calibration is close to that in the addendum. The careful user should be able to easily reach a 95% confidence interval (CI) of ± 2.3% for photon beam calibration with standard instrumentation. For electron beams calibrated with a Farmer chamber, the estimated uncertainties are slightly larger, and the 95% CI is ±2.6% for 6 MeV and slightly smaller than this for 18 MeV. There is no clear energy dependence in these results. It is unlikely that the user will be able to improve on these uncertainties as the dominant factor in the uncertainty resides in the ion chamber dose calibration factor . For both photons and electrons, reduction in the ion chamber depth uncertainty below about 0.5 mm and SSD uncertainty below 1 mm have almost no effect on the total dose uncertainty, as uncertainties beyond the user's control totally dominate under these circumstances.
Backstepping based adaptive iterative learning control for non‐strict feedback systems with unknown input nonlinearities
Authors: Shi Huihui , Chen Qiang , Li Yaqian , He Xiongxiong 
Published: April 2024

SummaryThe initial state inconsistency and iteration‐varying trajectory problems are considered in adaptive iterative learning control (AILC) to enhance the tracking performance of the non‐strict feedback systems with unknown input nonlinearities. Through constructing an error reference trajectory independence of the reference signal, the restrictions on the initial condition and reference trajectory are both relaxed. Subsequently, a backstepping‐based AILC methodology is systematically presented to ensure that the error reference trajectory can be followed by the actual tracking error. Integral Lyapunov functions are employed to design the recursive controllers, avoiding potential singularity problems resulting from the differentiation of gain functions. Rigorous analysis is provided without imposing constraints on the control gain functions to demonstrate tracking error convergence. Numerical simulations are included to illustrate the efficacy of the proposed method.
Separated Electronic and Strain Interfaces in Core/Dual‐Shell Nanowires: Unlocking the Potential of Strained GaAs for Applications Across Near‐Infrared
Authors: Sun Xiaoxiao , Pashkin Alexej , Moebus Finn , Hübner René , Winnerl Stephan , Helm Manfred , Dimakis Emmanouil 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSemiconductor nanowires have inspired plenty of novel nanotechnology device concepts in photonics, electronics, and sensing, owing to their unique functionalities and integrability in heterogeneous platforms. Lattice‐mismatched core/shell heterostructures, in particular, open new avenues for strain engineering and material properties modification. A notable case is the widely tunable tensile strain in the core of GaAs/InxAl1‐xAs core/shell nanowires, which can be used to tailor the GaAs bandgap for applications across near‐infrared, like optical fiber telecommunication, imaging, photovoltaics, etc. As it is shown here, though, the bandgap narrowing under high tensile strain in the GaAs core is accompanied by fast non‐radiative recombination, which is undesirable for any device application. The limiting role of the lattice‐mismatched core/shell interface is revealed, and a novel core/dual‐shell heterostructure that employs an intermediate AlyGa1‐yAs shell (spacer) is proposed. This spacer decouples the GaAs/AlyGa1‐yAs interface, which confines electrons and holes into GaAs, from the lattice‐mismatched AlyGa1‐yAs/InxAl1‐xAs one, whereas the strain in GaAs is unaffected. Choosing the optimal spacer thickness, the photoluminescence yield increases significantly, with longer emission decay lifetimes and slower carrier cooling rates. Besides unlocking the potential of GaAs for photonic applications across near‐infrared, the proposed heterostructure concept can also be adopted for other material systems.
Enhanced and Spectrally Selective Near Infrared Photothermal Conversion in Plasmonic Nanohelices
Authors: Delgado‐Notario Juan A. , López‐Díaz David , McCloskey David , Caridad José M. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractThe photothermal conversion in plasmonic nanohelices is studied, unveiling how helical nanostructures made from metals with a notable interband activity ‐such as cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni)‐ exhibit a remarkable temperature rise ΔT up to ≈1000 K under illumination. Such outstanding ΔT values exclusively occur at wavelengths close to their localized plasmon resonances (ΔT is significantly lower off resonance), and therefore the photothermal conversion of these nanoparticles is spectrally selective. The exceptional and spectrally selective temperature rise is demonstrated at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths, which prompts the use of Co and Ni helical nanoparticles in a wide range of photothermal applications including solar energy conversion, seawater desalination, catalysis, or nanomedicine.
Effective Prevention of Palladium Metal Particles Sintering by Histidine Stabilization on Silica Catalyst Support
Authors: Cahyanto Harry , Chen Xuanming , Lam Frank L. Y. , Iadrat Ploychanok , Wattanakit Chularat , Kidkhunthod Pinit , Singh Varinder , Brooker Sally , Pang Shusheng , Choi Jungkyu , Yip Alex C. K. 
Published: April 2024

AbstractA robust method for enhancing the dispersion and stabilization of small metal nanoparticles in heterogeneous catalysts is developed. It involves in situ complexation of palladium(II) by histidine, in water, prior to impregnation in fumed silica. TEM images show that the histidine facilitates dispersion of the Pd(II) into finer nanoscale particles (≈2 nm) uniformly distributed on the support, rather than the large clusters (≈5 nm) seen in the absence of histidine. After hydrogen reduction, assessments using CO chemisorption and propylene hydrogenation indicate that the coordinated histidine might obscure the active sites on the Pd particles. However, as histidine decomposes between 220 and 300 °C in air, these materials are treated at 225 °C in air for 48 h. Afterwards the Pd(II) particles remain the same size, but after hydrogen reduction, there is a 2.4‐fold increase in CO gas adsorption, indicative of an expanded Pd surface area. Furthermore, superior catalyst stability (activity >200 h) is observed during propylene hydrogenation at 250 °C. This is consistent with histidine use having generated widely spaced, uniformly small, Pd nanoparticles on the silica support which is expected to help prevent agglomeration (sintering) during catalysis. This is a convenient low‐cost strategy for reducing metal content, preventing sintering and optimizing catalyst performance.
“Twin Chain” PVA Cryogels with Controlled Tortuosity as Advanced Materials for Cleaning of Works of Art
Authors: Mastrangelo Rosangela , Bandelli Damiano , Pensabene Buemi Luciano , Baglioni Piero 
Published: April 2024

AbstractSoft matrices with tuned properties are part of the vast landscape of innovative materials for the restoration of works of art. “Twin chain” polymer networks (TC‐PNs) based on polyvinyl alcohol have proven unique as scaffolds for Cultural Heritage cleaning. They enable optimum adaptability, adhesion, porosity, and connectivity at both micro‐ and nano‐scale resulting in superior time/space‐controlled cleaning operations. In this work, TC‐PNs properties are tuned through a mild crosslinking of the poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)‐porogen polymer by using sebacic, adipic, or succinic acid. The modified porogens have different structural features imparting a different phase behavior to TC‐PVAs mixtures in aqueous solution, i.e., in pre‐gel systems used to form gels through a liquid–liquid phase separation. The macro‐, micro‐, and nanoscale features of the final gels are characterized by Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy, Small Angle X‐ray Scattering, Rheology and are related to their cleaning performances. The study shows that the gels cleaning capacity is related to their tortuosity, that can be tailored at the nanoscale. Counterintuitively gels with higher tortuosity show better performances as evidenced by the cleaning of mockups and paintings from Jean Helion, Jackson Pollock, and Tancredi Parmeggiani at Peggy Guggenheim Collection in Venice.
Reconciling the Cooperative–Competitive Patterns among Tumor and Immune Cells for Triple‐Negative Breast Cancer Treatment Using Multimodule Nanocomplexes
Authors: Li Xuwen , Guo Qin , Chen Qinjun , Chu Yongchao , Zhang Yiwen , Chen Hongyi , Zhao Zhenhao , Wang Yu , Luo Yifan , Li Chufeng , You Haoyu , Song Haolin , Su Boyu , Jalili Kiyumars , Sun Tao , Jiang Chen 
Published: April 2024

AbstractTargeting the competitive–cooperative relationships among tumor cells and various immune cells can efficiently reverse the immune‐dysfunction microenvironment to boost the immunotherapies for the triple‐negative breast cancer treatment. Hence, a bacterial outer membrane vesicle‐based nanocomplex is designed for specifically targeting malignant cells and immune cells to reconcile the relationships based on metabolic‐immune crosstalk. By uniquely utilizing the property of charge‐reversal polymers to realize function separation, the nanocomplexes could synergistically regulate tumor cells and immune cells. This approach could reshape the immunosuppressive competition–cooperation pattern into one that is immune‐responsive, showcasing significant potential for inducing tumor remission in TNBC models.
Flexible Piezoelectric Sensors Based on Ionic Liquid‐doped Poly(L‐Lactic Acid) for Human Coughing Recognition
Authors: He Zifeng , Liu Yijie , Babichuk Ivan S. , Zhou Zisen , Liu Zhaohua , Yang Xiongbang , Zhou Ruiliang , Pu Yan , Li Shuhao , Chang Yu , Ye Terry Tao , Gao Zhaoli , Yang Jian 
Published: April 2024

AbstractCough is a common symptom of various respiratory diseases. However, recognizing a subject's cough using acoustic imaging can be challenging due to the complexity of coughing and the vulnerability of acoustic acquisition to external interference. This research aims to address these issues by utilizing a flexible piezoelectric ionic liquid‐doped poly(L‐lactic acid) (PLLA) sensor to gather the pressure signals from the human surface. 1‐butyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMIm]TFSI) ionic liquid (IL) can enhance the piezoelectric performance of PLLA thin film, the corresponding output voltage, and impact sensitivity are improved to three times and 105.1% for the PLLA/IL thin film with 1 wt% IL, 140 °C annealing 2 h and four times drawing ratio. The effect of IL on the crystallization behavior and piezoelectric properties of thin films during their preparation is investigated. The flexible PLLA/IL sensor is integrated into a wearable electronic system which collects and transmits piezoelectric signals from cough‐induced vibrations to the filter for denoising, then the acquired cough data are decomposed using the Empirical Mode Decomposition method and trained in a multi‐layer perception model to detect human coughing. It's evident that the flexible piezoelectric PLLA/IL sensors can be applied to human coughing recognition and show great potential applications in intelligent healthcare.
Sulfonium‐Stapled Peptides‐Based Neoantigen Delivery System for Personalized Tumor Immunotherapy and Prevention
Authors: Zhang Yaping , Jiang Leying , Huang Siyong , Lian Chenshan , Liang Huiting , Xing Yun , Liu Jianbo , Tian Xiaojing , Liu Zhihong , Wang Rui , An Yuhao , Lu Fei , Pan Youdong , Han Wei , Li Zigang , Yin Feng 
Published: April 2024

AbstractNeoantigen peptides hold great potential as vaccine candidates for tumor immunotherapy. However, due to the limitation of antigen cellular uptake and cross‐presentation, the progress with neoantigen peptide‐based vaccines has obviously lagged in clinical trials. Here, a stapling peptide‐based nano‐vaccine is developed, comprising a self‐assembly nanoparticle driven by the nucleic acid adjuvant‐antigen conjugate. This nano‐vaccine stimulates a strong tumor‐specific T cell response by activating antigen presentation and toll‐like receptor signaling pathways. By markedly improving the efficiency of antigen/adjuvant co‐delivery to the draining lymph nodes, the nano‐vaccine leads to 100% tumor prevention for up to 11 months and without tumor recurrence, heralding the generation of long‐term anti‐tumor memory. Moreover, the injection of nano‐vaccine with signal neoantigen eliminates the established MC‐38 tumor (a cell line of murine carcinoma of the colon without exogenous OVA protein expression) in 40% of the mice by inducing potent cytotoxic T lymphocyte infiltration in the tumor microenvironment without substantial systemic toxicity. These findings represent that stapling peptide‐based nano‐vaccine may serve as a facile, general, and safe strategy to stimulate a strong anti‐tumor immune response for the neoantigen peptide‐based personalized tumor immunotherapy.
MXene‐Stabilized VS2 Nanostructures for High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc Ion Storage
Authors: Zhang Liping , Li Yeying , Liu Xianjie , Yang Ruping , Qiu Junxiao , Xu Jingkun , Lu Baoyang , Rosen Johanna , Qin Leiqiang , Jiang Jianxia 
Published: April 2024

AbstractAqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) based on vanadium oxides or sulfides are promising candidates for large‐scale rechargeable energy storage due to their ease of fabrication, low cost, and high safety. However, the commercial application of vanadium‐based electrode materials has been hindered by challenging problems such as poor cyclability and low‐rate performance. To this regard, sophisticated nanostructure engineering technology is used to adeptly incorporate VS2 nanosheets into the MXene interlayers to create a stable 2D heterogeneous layered structure. The MXene nanosheets exhibit stable interactions with VS2 nanosheets, while intercalation between nanosheets effectively increases the interlayer spacing, further enhancing their stability in AZIBs. Benefiting from the heterogeneous layered structure with high conductivity, excellent electron/ion transport, and abundant reactive sites, the free‐standing VS2/Ti3C2Tz composite film can be used as both the cathode and the anode of AZIBs. Specifically, the VS2/Ti3C2Tz cathode presents a high specific capacity of 285 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Furthermore, the flexible Zn‐metal free in‐plane VS2/Ti3C2Tz//MnO2/CNT AZIBs deliver high operation voltage (2.0 V) and impressive long‐term cycling stability (with a capacity retention of 97% after 5000 cycles) which outperforms almost all reported Vanadium‐based electrodes for AZIBs. The effective modulation of the material structure through nanocomposite engineering effectively enhances the stability of VS2, which shows great potential in Zn2+ storage. This work will hasten and stimulate further development of such composite material in the direction of energy storage.
Achieving Ultrahigh Voltage Over 100 V and Remarkable Freshwater Harvesting Based on Thermodiffusion Enhanced Hydrovoltaic Generator
Authors: Chen Yu , He Jiajun , Ye Chengwei , Tang Shaochun 
Published: April 2024

AbstractEvaporative hydrovoltaic generators hold significant potential for alleviating water‐energy crisis, but low output voltage configurations due to the slow phase transition rate of water molecules and the intricate nature of integration limit their applications. Herein, a lotus‐inspired interfacial evaporation‐driven hydrovoltaic generators (IEHVG) is developed for efficient generation of water vapor and electricity from seawater instead of freshwater and achieves an ultrahigh voltage output higher than 100‐volt level through forested IEHVG integration. The biomimetic hydrogel is developed with specific liquid transport channels, graphene quantum dots/MXene nanocomposites, and gradient hydrophobic interface for highly enhanced photothermal evaporation and electricity generation by mimicking the transpiration process of a “stems‐leaves of lotus”. The synergistic thermodiffusion effect leads to the output power density of IEHVG reaches up to 45.6 µW cm−2 and can power electronic devices or charge commercial supercapacitors. The freshwater‐electricity cogeneration integrated system consisting of 192 IEHVG units can harvest a record‐breaking voltage reaching 105 V and a high freshwater harvesting rate up to 2.0 L m−2 h−1 from seawater in a well‐lit outdoor area. This work demonstrates that IEHVG offers a novel concept for modular freshwater and high‐voltage power sources access on offshore work platforms.