bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modelling cortical network dynamics
Authors: Cooray Gerald Kaushallye , Rosch Richard Ewald , Friston Karl John 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe have investigated the theoretical constraints of the interactions between coupled cortical columns. Each cortical column consists of a set of neural populations where each population is modelled as a neural mass. The existence of semi-stable states within a cortical column is dependent on the type of interaction between the neuronal populations, i.e., the form of the synaptic kernels. Current-to-current coupling has been shown, in contrast to potential-to-current coupling, to create semi-stable states within a cortical column. The interaction between semi-stable states of the cortical columns is studied where we derive the dynamics for the collected activity. For small excitations the dynamics follow the Kuramoto model; however, in contrast to previous work we derive coupled equations between phase and amplitude dynamics with the possibility of defining connectivity as a stationary and dynamic variable. The turbulent flow of phase dynamics which occurs in networks of Kuramoto oscillators would indicate turbulent changes in dynamic connectivity for coupled cortical columns which is something that has been recorded in epileptic seizures. We used the results we derived to estimate a seizure propagation model which allowed for inversions using the Laplace assumption (Dynamic Causal Modelling). The seizure propagation model was trialed on simulated data, and future work will investigate the estimation of the connectivity matrix from empirical data. This model can be used to predict changes in seizure evolution after virtual changes in the connectivity network, something that could be of clinical use when applied to epilepsy surgical cases.
Petrogenesis and tectonic setting of the mafic rocks from the Mfengou-Manki area, Central Cameroon Shear Zone: constraints from petrology and bulk-rock geochemistry
Authors: Nchouwet Zakari , Ntieche Benjamin , Yongue Fouateu Rose , Ntoumbe Mama , Mounjouohou Mahomed Aziz , Atsalang Chimene Grace Staelle , Abomo Olomo Marcelle Nathalie , Amidou Moundi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractIn the Central Cameroon Shear Zone, several studies were focused on granitoids and very few on mafic rocks. Here we report the petrography, geochemistry and mineralogy of the Mfengou-Manki mafic rocks in order to constrain their petrogenesis and tectonic settings and the role of lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle sources in their genesis. The studied mafic rocks are subdivided into columnar jointed basalts and mafic dykes. Clinopyroxene thermobarometry indicates that the mafic dykes crystallized at a temperature of 1071 to 1193 °C and a pressure of 4 to 12 kbar while the columnar jointed basalts emplaced at a temperature of 1064 to 1152 °C and 2 to 13 kbar pressure. The mafic dykes and columnar jointed basalts present high La/Sm, Sm/Yb, Nb/Yb and Th/Yb ratios, indicating garnet to spinel transition zone mantle source. The multi-element diagram of the mafic dykes display enrichment in Nb, Ta, Pb and Ti and depletion in Th, U, Ce and Zr compared to that of the columnar jointed basalts (slight depletion in Nb and Ta and pronounced depletion in U, Pb and Zr and enrichment in Cs, Ba and Rb) indicating the little involvement of the sub-continental lithospheric mantle to the formation of the columnar jointed basalts. The Nb/La ratio > 1 for the mafic dykes and < 1 for the columnar jointed basalts also suggest the derivation of the mafic dykes from the asthenospheric mantle and the columnar jointed basalts from the mixed lithospheric-asthenospheric mantle due to the sub-continental lithospheric mantle delamination under the Central Cameroon Shear Zone.
Bearing fault feature extraction based on MOMEDA and CS-Wood–Saxon stochastic resonance
Authors: Quan ZhenYa , Zhang XueLiang 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSince rolling bearing is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of rotating machinery, bearing fault feature extraction then demonstrates a hot topic of general interest in industry. In this work, we applied Multipoint Optimal Minimum Entroy Deconvolution Adjusted preprocessing algorithm to deal with the large amount of background noise containing in the collected bearing fault original signal. Then, the Wood–Saxon stochastic resonance nonlinear system model is adopted to solve the bearing fault feature extraction problem, which avoids the frequency interval and system parameters disadvantages in bistable stochastic resonance system. Furthermore, the parameter step and scale transform factor in the Wood–Saxon stochastic resonance nonlinear system is optimized adaptively by Cuckoo Search algorithm, in which way the output signal-to-noise of bearing fault signal is improved significantly. Therefore, the bearing fault feature can be extracted more effectively compared with the classical bistable stochastic resonance system model. Simulation and examples demonstrated that the proposed method can effectively reduce the noise in the signal and enhance the weak feature in bearing fault signal, so as to realize the accurate early bearing fault diagnosis.
Study of Q-learning and deep Q-network learning control for a rotary inverted pendulum system
Authors: Ben Hazem Zied 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe rotary inverted pendulum system (RIPS) is an underactuated mechanical system with highly nonlinear dynamics and it is difficult to control a RIPS using the classic control models. In the last few years, reinforcement learning (RL) has become a popular nonlinear control method. RL has a powerful potential to control systems with high non-linearity and complex dynamics, such as RIPS. Nevertheless, RL control for RIPS has not been well studied and there is limited research on the development and evaluation of this control method. In this paper, RL control algorithms are developed for the swing-up and stabilization control of a single-link rotary inverted pendulum (SLRIP) and compared with classic control methods such as PID and LQR. A physical model of the SLRIP system is created using the MATLAB/Simscape Toolbox, the model is used as a dynamic simulation in MATLAB/Simulink to train the RL agents. An agent trainer system with Q-learning (QL) and deep Q-network learning (DQNL) is proposed for the data training. Furthermore, agent actions are actuating the horizontal arm of the system and states are the angles and velocities of the pendulum and the horizontal arm. The reward is computed according to the angles of the pendulum and horizontal arm. The reward is zero when the pendulum attends the upright position. The RL algorithms are used without a deep understanding of the classical controllers and are used to implement the agent. Finally, the outcome indicates the effectiveness of the QL and DQNL algorithms compared to the conventional PID and LQR controllers.
Young Men’s Experiences of Being Fathered and Absent Father’s Experience: A Case Study from Urban Informal Settlements in South Africa
Authors: Mkhwanazi Smanga , Jewkes Rachel , Sikweyiya Yandisa , Washington Laura , Gibbs Andrew 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe impact of absent fathers can be a significant challenge for young people, but particularly for young men. Our study drew on 19 in-depth interviews with young men living in urban informal settlements in South Africa, to understand how they understood the impact of biological father absence. Young men described an idealized fatherhood role in which biological fathers provided economic support, active fathering (including emotional support), and social recognition of children. Young men described biological father absence in very emotional terms, including the exclusion from family networks, and having negative economic and educational impacts. Furthermore, men saw biological father absence as impacting on their current situation, and as part and parcel of their wider social marginalization in South Africa. Social fathers — alternative male role models as they grew up — while described as existing, were not felt to be adequate in replacing biological fathers, despite the economic support and guidance some described receiving. Engaging with young men around the repercussions of biological father absence is important for supporting young, poor men in South Africa.
The Philosophy and Ethics of AI: Conceptual, Empirical, and Technological Investigations into Values
Authors: Simon Judith , Rieder Gernot , Branford Jason 
Published: February 2024

AbstractAdvances in artificial intelligence have recently stirred both public and academic debates about the opportunities but also the risks posed by these developments. It is evident that the disruptive impact of AI in many societal domains can no longer be ignored. This topical collection emerged from a full week of high-quality paper presentations at the CEPE/IACAP Joint Conference 2021: The Philosophy and Ethics of Artificial Intelligence and comprises 13 articles that were chosen purely on the merit and originality of their respective arguments as well as their ability to advance the existing ethical and philosophical discourse on AI. This introduction provides a concise overview of the individual contributions, grouping them into four thematic strands: (a) On Democracy, Regulation, and (Public) Legitimation in an AI-powered World, (b) On the Challenge of Protecting Privacy in Today’s Data Economy, (c) On Solidarity, Inclusivity, and Responsibility in AI Design, and (d) Reconsidering AI Ethics. As such, the introduction serves as a gateway and guide to the topical collection, contributing to what has recently emerged as a ‘hot topic’ within philosophy and beyond but has also been at the heart of research within the CEPE and IACAP communities for a long time. The paper concludes with some hopeful remarks on the current landscape of the field and its possible trajectory.
EVALUATING THE TIMING OF EARLY VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT IN NEW YORK: MORE DATES FROM CLASSIC NEW YORK SITES
Authors: Birch Jennifer , Manning Sturt W , Hart John P , Lorentzen Brita 
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACTFive sites in present-day New York have played important roles in archaeological narratives surrounding the development of settled village life in northeastern North America. Excavated in the mid-twentieth century, the Roundtop, Maxon-Derby, Sackett or Canandaigua, Bates, and Kelso sites include evidence related to the transition from semisedentary settlement-subsistence patterns during the twelfth through fourteenth centuries AD to those associated with fifteenth century and later settled Iroquoian villagers. Radiocarbon dates for each site were obtained early in the development of the method and again following the transition to AMS dating. Here, we present new or recently-published dates for these sites, combined with reliable existing dates in Bayesian models, including in some cases short tree-ring sequenced wiggle-matches on wood charcoal. Our results clarify the timing of each site’s occupation(s), revealing both continuity and discontinuity in the development of longhouse dwellings, sedentism, and the repeated re-use of some site locations over hundreds of years.
Rare case of total anomalous pulmonary venous return into the right atrium in situs solitus
Authors: Caruso Elio , Farruggio Silvia , Silverman Norman H. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractWe report an uncommon case report of total anomalous pulmonary venous returns into the right atrium at the base of the superior caval vein’s ostium without a sinus venosus defect, in situs solitus, without vertical vein or a posterior pulmonary venous confluence.
Assessing the Atmospheric Response to Subgrid Surface Heterogeneity in the Single‐Column Community Earth System Model, Version 2 (CESM2)
Authors: Fowler Megan D. , Neale Richard B. , Waterman Tyler , Lawrence David M. , Dirmeyer Paul A. , Larson Vincent E. , Huang Meng , Simon Jason S. , Truesdale John , Chaney Nathaniel W. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractLand‐atmosphere interactions are central to the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer and the subsequent formation of clouds and precipitation. Existing global climate models represent these connections with bulk approximations on coarse spatial scales, but observations suggest that small‐scale variations in surface characteristics and co‐located turbulent and momentum fluxes can significantly impact the atmosphere. Recent model development efforts have attempted to capture this phenomenon by coupling existing representations of subgrid‐scale (SGS) heterogeneity between land and atmosphere models. Such approaches are in their infancy and it is not yet clear if they can produce a realistic atmospheric response to surface heterogeneity. Here, we implement a parameterization to capture the effects of SGS heterogeneity in the Community Earth System Model (CESM2), and compare single‐column simulations against high‐resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) large‐eddy simulations (LESs), which we use as a proxy for observations. The CESM2 experiments increase the temperature and humidity variances in the lowest atmospheric levels, but the response is weaker than in WRF‐LES. In part, this is attributed to an underestimate of surface heterogeneity in the land model due to a lack of SGS meteorology, a separation between deep and shallow convection schemes in the atmosphere, and a lack of explicitly represented mesoscale secondary circulations. These results highlight the complex processes involved in capturing the effects of SGS heterogeneity and suggest the need for parameterizations that communicate their influence not only at the surface but also vertically.
Role of Intersecting Equatorial and Coastal Waveguides Near Sri Lanka on Intraseasonal Sea Level Variability Along the West Coast of India
Authors: Suresh Iyyappan , Vialard Jérôme , Izumo Takeshi , Lengaigne Matthieu 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe sea level variations along the west coast of India (WCI) significantly affect the ecosystems and fisheries, because of their tight coupling with the oxycline depths in this region, which hosts the world's largest natural hypoxic system. Here, we investigate the main causes of the WCI sea level variability. Using idealized experiments with a linear, continuously stratified ocean model, we first demonstrate that there is a direct pathway between the equatorial waveguide and the WCI, in addition to the well‐documented pathway that aligns with the coastal waveguide in the Bay of Bengal. This direct connection results from the intersection of equatorial and coastal waveguides near Sri Lanka. The forced and reflected equatorial Rossby waves induce sea level variations at the Sri Lankan coast around 6°N, which propagate directly to the WCI as coastal Kelvin waves, without transiting through the Bay of Bengal coastal waveguide. Using model experiments with realistic coastline and forcing, we then illustrate that this direct pathway is the primary contributor (0.4 regression coefficient) to the WCI intraseasonal (20–150 days) sea level variability, followed by the Bay of Bengal coastal waveguide pathway (0.3) and the wind forcing in a small region near Sri Lanka (0.25). The remote forcing originating from the rest of the Bay of Bengal and the WCI local wind forcing have weaker influence. We conclude by discussing why this direct connection exhibits strong impact on sea level variability at the intraseasonal timescale, while its influence is considerably weaker at the longer seasonal and interannual timescales.
Storm Impacts on Mineral Mass Accumulation Rates of Coastal Marshes
Authors: Cortese L. , Zhang X. , Simard Marc , Fagherazzi S. 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCoastal marsh survival may be compromised by sea‐level rise, limited sediment supply, and subsidence. Storms represent a fundamental forcing for sediment accumulation in starving marshes because they resuspend bottom material in channels and tidal flats and transport it to the marsh surface. However, it is unrealistic to simulate at high resolution all storms that occurred in the past decades to obtain reliable sediment accumulation rates. Similarly, it is difficult to cover all possible combinations of water levels and wind conditions in fictional scenarios. Thus, we developed a new method that derives long‐term deposition rates from short‐term deposition generated by a finite number of storms. Twelve storms with different intensity and frequency were selected in Terrebonne Bay, Louisiana, USA and simulated with the 2D Delft3D‐FLOW model coupled with the Simulating Waves Nearshore (SWAN) module. Storm impact was analyzed in terms of geomorphic work, namely the product of deposition and frequency. To derive the long‐term inorganic mass accumulation rates, the new method generates every possible combination of the 12 chosen storms and uses a linear model to fit modeled inorganic deposition with measured inorganic mass accumulation rates. The linear model with the best fit (highest R2) was used to derive a map of inorganic mass accumulation rates. Results show that a storm with 1.7 ± 1.6 years return period provides the largest geomorphic work, suggesting that the most impactful storms are those that balance intensity with frequency. Model results show higher accumulation rates in marshes facing open areas where waves can develop and resuspend sediments. This method has the advantage of considering only a few real scenarios and can be applied in any marsh‐bay system.
Falling charge in a gravitational field and radiation reaction
Authors: Bracken Paul 
Published: February 2024

AbstractThe Lorentz–Dirac equation is formulated and studied in flat Minkowski spacetime. A concise, novel derivation of the equation is presented. The problem is then enlarged to study radiation damping of an electron moving through a gravitational field. The equation of motion is obtained for this case as well. It is suggested the study of the problem might motivate experiments which could shed light on the recent work related to the emergence of space-time and its structure by means of quantum effects such as quantum entanglement.
Bioprospecting of Artemisia genus: from artemisinin to other potentially bioactive compounds
Authors: Negri Stefano , Pietrolucci Fabio , Andreatta Sebastiano , Chinyere Njoku Ruth , Antunes Silva Nogueira Ramos Carolina , Crimi Massimo , Commisso Mauro , Guzzo Flavia , Avesani Linda 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSpecies from genus Artemisia are widely distributed throughout temperate regions of the northern hemisphere and many cultures have a long-standing traditional use of these plants as herbal remedies, liquors, cosmetics, spices, etc. Nowadays, the discovery of new plant-derived products to be used as food supplements or drugs has been pushed by the exploitation of bioprospection approaches. Often driven by the knowledge derived from the ethnobotanical use of plants, bioprospection explores the existing biodiversity through integration of modern omics techniques with targeted bioactivity assays. In this work we set up a bioprospection plan to investigate the phytochemical diversity and the potential bioactivity of five Artemisia species with recognized ethnobotanical tradition (A. absinthium, A. alba, A. annua, A. verlotiorum and A. vulgaris), growing wild in the natural areas of the Verona province. We characterized the specialized metabolomes of the species (including sesquiterpenoids from the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway) through an LC–MS based untargeted approach and, in order to identify potential bioactive metabolites, we correlated their composition with the in vitro antioxidant activity. We propose as potential bioactive compounds several isomers of caffeoyl and feruloyl quinic acid esters (e.g. dicaffeoylquinic acids, feruloylquinic acids and caffeoylferuloylquinic acids), which strongly characterize the most antioxidant species A. verlotiorum and A. annua. Morevoer, in this study we report for the first time the occurrence of sesquiterpenoids from the artemisinin biosynthesis pathway in the species A. alba.
Cysteine protease inhibitor 1 promotes metastasis by mediating an oxidative phosphorylation/MEK/ERK axis in esophageal squamous carcinoma cancer
Authors: Zhang Liangming , Chen Xiongfeng , Wang Jianwei , Chen Meihong , Chen Juan , Zhuang Wanzhen , Xia Yu , Huang Zhixin , Zheng Yue , Huang Yi 
Published: February 2024

AbstractCysteine protease inhibitor 1 (CST1) is a cystatin superfamily protein that inhibits cysteine protease activity and is reported to be involved in the development of many malignancies. Mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) also plays an important role in cancer cell growth regulation. However, the relationship and roles of CST1 and OXPHOS in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remains unclear. In our pilot study, CST1 was shown the potential of promoting ESCC migration and invasion by the activation of MEK/ERK pathway. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that CST1 is closely associated with OXPHOS. Based on a real-time ATP rate assay, mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity assay, immunofluorescence, co-immunoprecipitation, and addition of the OXPHOS inhibitor Rotenone and MEK/ERK inhibitor PD98059, we determined that CST1 affects mitochondrial complex I enzyme activity by interacting with the GRIM19 protein to elevate OXPHOS levels, and a reciprocal regulatory relationship exists between OXPHOS and the MEK/ERK pathway in ESCC cells. Finally, an in vivo study demonstrated the potential of CST1 in ESCC metastasis through regulation of the OXPHOS and MEK/ERK pathways. This study is the first to reveal the oncogenic role of CST1 in ESCC development by enhancing mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity to activate the OXPHOS/MEK/ERK axis, and then promote ESCC metastasis, suggesting that CST1/OXPHOS is a promising target for ESCC treatment.
Serological survey reveals enzootic circulation of St. Louis encephalitis and West Nile viruses in semiarid Monte ecosystem of Argentina
Authors: Rucci Kevin A. , Arias-Builes Diego L. , Visintin Andrés M. , Diaz Adrián 
Published: February 2024

AbstractSt. Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) are arboviruses transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and amplified in avian hosts. The present study aimed to investigate the presence and seasonal circulation of SLEV and WNV in La Rioja province, within the semiarid ecoregion of the Monte, Argentina. Over a two-year period, avian sera were collected and tested for neutralizing antibodies against SLEV and WNV. Our results reveal the enzootic activity of both viruses in this challenging environment. SLEV seroprevalence was 4.5% (35/778), with higher activity in spring (2016) and autumn (2017). WNV seroprevalence was 3.5% (27/778), peaking during the summer 2016–2017. Greater seroprevalence for SLEV in 2016 was detected for the Lark-like Brushrunner (Coryphistera alaudina) and the Short-billed Canastero (Asthenes baeri) and in 2017 for the Black-crested Finch (Lophospingus pusillus) and Lark-like Brushrunner, whereas for WNV greater seroprevalence in 2016 was detected for the Picui Ground Dove (Columbina picui) and in 2017 for the Lark-like Brushrunner and Band-tailed Seedeater (Catamenia analis). Additionally, five avian individuals experienced seroconversion during the sampling period, namely the Lark-like Brushrunner and White-fronted Woodpecker (Melanerpes cactorum) for SLEV, and the Lark-like Brushrunner, Greater Wagtail Tyrant (Stigmatura budytoides) and Many-colored Chaco Finch (Saltatricula multicolor) for WNV. The study highlights the persistence and circulation of these viruses in a semiarid ecosystem, raising questions about overwintering mechanisms and transmission dynamics. This research contributes to understanding arbovirus ecology in diverse environments. Further investigations are needed to assess the specific mechanisms facilitating virus persistence in the Monte ecoregion.