bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Multi‐Annual Inventorying of Retrogressive Thaw Slumps Using Domain Adaptation
Authors: Lin Yiling , Hu Xie , Lu Haoyu , Niu Fujun , Liu Gengnian , Huang Lingcao , Zhang Shanghang , Liu Jifu , Liu Yunhuai 
Published: February 2025

AbstractRetrogressive Thaw Slumps (RTSs), a form of thermokarst hazards, pose risks to hydrological and ecological environments and the safety of the Qinghai‐Tibet Engineering Corridor. We still lack the knowledge about the geographic locations of RTSs and their dynamically changing spatial margins. However, visual interpretation is labor‐intensive while the present‐day deep learning methods become ineffective when the model trained in one year is directly transferred to another. To enhance the model's generalization ability, here we implemented and compared three domain adaptation methods, that is, the classic supervised fine‐tuning method and two proposed unsupervised methods: Image StyleTransfer Domain Adaptation (ISTDA) and the Tversky Adversarial Domain Adaptation (TADA) network. In our proposed ISTDA, we uniformed the contextual information of multi‐temporal images by Cycle Generative Adversarial Network (CycleGAN). We introduced the Tversky loss and the automatic adjustment of weights for multiple loss functions to suppress false positives and to improve the generalization of TADA. We tested three methods' performance in Beiluhe region over the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau using PlanetScope optical images during 2019–2022. The three domain adaptation methods are successful in generating regional, multi‐annual RTS inventories. Remarkably, TADA sustains good performance in complex transfer scenarios without additional label cost, achieving an F1 increase of 14.32%–24.17% compared to classic methods. Our work is the first to apply an unsupervised domain adaptation to automatically map the RTSs on a multi‐annual timescale, demonstrating a strong potential of its applicability for monitoring large‐scale, multi‐temporal evolution of geomorphological features.
Insights on Tropical High‐Cloud Radiative Effect From a New Conceptual Model
Authors: Deutloff Jakob , Buehler Stefan A. , Brath Manfreth , Naumann Ann Kristin 
Published: February 2025

AbstractThe new capabilities of global storm‐resolving models to resolve individual clouds allow for a more physical perspective on the tropical high‐cloud radiative effect and how it might change with warming. In this study, we develop a conceptual model of the high‐cloud radiative effect as a function of cloud thickness measured by ice water path. We use atmospheric profiles from a global ICON simulation with horizontal grid spacing to calculate the radiation offline with the ARTS line‐by‐line radiative transfer model. The conceptual model of the high‐cloud radiative effect reveals that it is sufficient to approximate high clouds as a single layer characterized by an albedo, emissivity and temperature, which vary with ice water path. The increase of the short‐wave high‐cloud radiative effect with ice water path is solely explained by the high‐cloud albedo. The increase of the long‐wave high‐cloud radiative effect with ice water path is governed by an increase of emissivity for ice water path below , and by a decrease of high‐cloud temperature with increasing ice water path above this threshold. The mean high‐cloud radiative effect from the ARTS simulations for the chosen day of this ICON model run is , which is closely matched by our conceptual model with . Because the high‐cloud radiative effect depends on the assumed radiative alternative, assumptions on low clouds make a substantial difference. The conceptual model predicts that doubling the fraction of low clouds roughly doubles the positive high‐cloud radiative effect.
End-tidal carbon monoxide for routine monitoring of significant hemolysis in the management of newborn hyperbilirubinemia
Authors: Wells Shanice , Balasubramanian Ramya , Nguyen Khang , Schutzman David L. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract

Objective
Assess the efficacy of routine ETCOc for all newborns in managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.

Study design
Retrospective chart review of 1029 consecutive well-baby nursery admissions following the 2022 AAP hyperbilirubinemia guidelines. Only ETCOc, not type, Rh, and DAT, was used to determine if significant hemolysis was present in sufficient degree to affect bilirubin management. A cost-benefit analysis comparing the two methods was conducted.

Result
2.8% of infants required phototherapy, and 1.1% were readmitted for hyperbilirubinemia. The closer an infant’s bilirubin level was to the phototherapy threshold, the higher the ETCOc. 12 of 29 DAT negative infants with ETCOc ≥ 2.5 PPM who received phototherapy would have gone home with significant hemolysis at risk for readmission or kernicterus if not for the use of ETCOc.

Conclusion
ETCOc is preferable for assessing significant hemolysis in the newborn, can be used to safely manage newborn hyperbilirubinemia, and results in cost savings.
A conditionally replicative adenovirus vector containing the synNotch receptor gene for the treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: A Ruhan , Ueki Hideto , Nishioka Shunya , Yamazaki Rion , Maekawa Marina , Kitagawa Koichi , Miyake Hideaki , Shirakawa Toshiro 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), a highly heterogeneous disease, shows genomic instability and a high mutation rate, making it difficult to treat. Recent studies revealed that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a critical role in MIBC frequent recurrence and high morbidity. Previous research has shown that Cyclooxygenases-2 (COX-2) is particularly highly expressed in bladder cancer cells. In recent years, the development of oncolytic adenoviruses and their use in clinical trials have gained increased attention. In this study, we composed a conditionally replicative adenovirus vector (CRAd-synNotch) that carries the COX-2 promotor driving adenoviral E1 gene, the synNotch receptor therapeutic gene, and the Ad5/35 fiber gene. Activation of the COX-2 promoter gene causes replication only within COX-2 expressing cancer cells, thereby leading to tumor oncolysis. Also, CD44 and HIF signals contribute to cancer stemness and maintaining CSCs in bladder cancer, and the transduced synNotch receptor inhibits both CD44 and HIF signals simultaneously. We performed an in vivo study using a mouse xenograft model of T24 human MIBC cells and confirmed the significant antitumor activity of CRAd-synNotch. Our findings in this study warrant the further development of CRAd-synNotch for treating patients with MIBC.
ETVs dictate hPSC differentiation by tuning biophysical properties
Authors: Ziojła Natalia M. , Socha Magdalena , Guerra M. Cecilia , Kizewska Dorota , Blaszczyk Katarzyna , Urbaniak Edyta , Henry Sara , Grabowska Malgorzata , Niakan Kathy K. , Warmflash Aryeh , Borowiak Malgorzata 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Stem cells maintain a dynamic dialog with their niche, integrating biochemical and biophysical cues to modulate cellular behavior. Yet, the transcriptional networks that regulate cellular biophysical properties remain poorly defined. Here, we leverage human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and two morphogenesis models – gastruloids and pancreatic differentiation – to establish ETV transcription factors as critical regulators of biophysical parameters and lineage commitment. Genetic ablation of ETV1 or ETV1/ETV4/ETV5 in hPSCs enhances cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesion, leading to aberrant multilineage differentiation including disrupted germ-layer organization, ectoderm loss, and extraembryonic cell overgrowth in gastruloids. Furthermore, ETV1 loss abolishes pancreatic progenitor formation. Single-cell RNA sequencing and follow-up assays reveal dysregulated mechanotransduction via the PI3K/AKT signaling. Our findings highlight the importance of transcriptional control over cell biophysical properties and suggest that manipulating these properties may improve in vitro cell and tissue engineering strategies.
Structures of TGF-β with betaglycan and signaling receptors reveal mechanisms of complex assembly and signaling
Authors: Wieteska Łukasz , Taylor Alexander B. , Punch Emma , Coleman Jonathan A. , Conway Isabella O. , Lin Yeu-Farn , Byeon Chang-Hyeock , Hinck Cynthia S. , Krzysiak Troy , Ishima Rieko , López-Casillas Fernando , Cherepanov Peter , Bernard Daniel J. , Hill Caroline S. , Hinck Andrew P. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Betaglycan (BG) is a transmembrane co-receptor of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family of signaling ligands. It is essential for embryonic development, tissue homeostasis and fertility in adults. It functions by enabling binding of the three TGF-β isoforms to their signaling receptors and is additionally required for inhibin A (InhA) activity. Despite its requirement for the functions of TGF-βs and InhA in vivo, structural information explaining BG ligand selectivity and its mechanism of action is lacking. Here, we determine the structure of TGF-β bound both to BG and the signaling receptors, TGFBR1 and TGFBR2. We identify key regions responsible for ligand engagement, which has revealed binding interfaces that differ from those described for the closely related co-receptor of the TGF-β family, endoglin, thus demonstrating remarkable evolutionary adaptation to enable ligand selectivity. Finally, we provide a structural explanation for the hand-off mechanism underlying TGF-β signal potentiation.
Migration arrest and transendothelial trafficking of human pathogenic-like Th17 cells are mediated by differentially positioned chemokines
Authors: Parween Farhat , Singh Satya P. , Kathuria Nausheen , Zhang Hongwei H. , Ashida Shinji , Otaizo-Carrasquero Francisco A. , Shamsaddini Amirhossein , Gardina Paul J. , Ganesan Sundar , Kabat Juraj , Lorenzi Hernan A. , Riley Deanna J. , Myers Timothy G. , Pittaluga Stefania , Bielekova Bibiana , Farber Joshua M. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Human Th17/type 17 cells express the chemokine receptor CCR6, but the functions of CCR6 and other chemokine receptors in human type 17 Th cell extravasation have not been fully delineated. Here we show that human peripheral blood CD4+CCR6+ T cells co-expressing CCR2 have a pathogenic Th17 signature, can produce inflammatory cytokines without T cell receptor activation, and show enhanced expression of pathogenicity-associated and activation-associated genes in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis as compared to controls. In flow chambers with activated endothelial cell (EC) monolayers, CD4+CCR6+CCR2+ T cells are efficient at transendothelial migration (TEM). Ligands for CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 localize to EC surfaces and mediate only arrest, whereas CCR2 ligands fail to bind well to ECs and mediate only TEM. Conversely, expressing a chimeric CCR2 ligand engineered to bind glycosaminoglycans on ECs results in CCR2-mediated arrest but blocks TEM induction. Our results from human pathogenic-like type 17 cells thus suggest that T cell migration arrest requires chemokine bound to EC surfaces, whereas TEM requires a transendothelial chemokine gradient.
A lightweight shape-memory alloy with superior temperature-fluctuation resistance
Authors: Song Yuxin , Xu Sheng , Sato Shunsuke , Lee Inho , Xu Xiao , Omori Toshihiro , Nagasako Makoto , Kawasaki Takuro , Kiyanagi Ryoji , Harjo Stefanus , Gong Wu , Grabec Tomáš , Stoklasová Pavla , Kainuma Ryosuke 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
In advanced applications such as aerospace and space exploration, materials must balance lightness, functionality and extreme thermal fluctuation resistance1,2. Shape-memory alloys show promise with strength, toughness and substantial strain recovery due to superelasticity, but maintaining low mass and effective operation at cryogenic temperatures is challenging3–6. We hereby introduce a new shape-memory alloy that adheres to these stringent criteria. Predominantly composed of Ti and Al with a chemical composition of Ti75.25Al20Cr4.75, this alloy is characterized by a low density (4.36 × 103 kg m−
3) and a high specific strength (185 × 103 Pa m3 per kg) at room temperature, while showing excellent superelasticity. The superelasticity, owing to a reversible stress-induced phase transformation from an ordered body-centred cubic parent phase to an ordered orthorhombic martensite, allows for a recoverable strain exceeding 7%. This functionality persists across a broad range of temperatures, from deep cryogenic 4.2 K to above room temperature, arising from an unconventional temperature dependence of transformation stresses. Below a certain threshold during cooling, the critical transformation stress inversely correlates with temperature. We interpret this behaviour from the perspective of a temperature-dependent anomalous lattice instability of the parent phase. This alloy holds potential in everyday appliances requiring flexible strain accommodation, as well as components designed for extreme environmental conditions such as deep space and liquefied gases.
The conserved HIV-1 spacer peptide 2 triggers matrix lattice maturation
Authors: Stacey James C. V. , Hrebík Dominik , Nand Elizabeth , Shetty Snehith Dyavari , Qu Kun , Boicu Marius , Anders-Össwein Maria , Uchil Pradeep D. , Dick Robert A. , Mothes Walther , Kräusslich Hans-Georg , Müller Barbara , Briggs John A. G. 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The virus particles of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) are released in an immature, non-infectious form. Proteolytic cleavage of the main structural polyprotein Gag into functional domains induces rearrangement into mature, infectious virions. In immature virus particles, the Gag membrane-binding domain, MA, forms a hexameric protein lattice that undergoes structural transition, following cleavage, into a distinct, mature MA lattice1. The mechanism of MA lattice maturation is unknown. Here we show that released spacer peptide 2 (SP2), a conserved peptide of unknown function situated about 300 residues downstream of MA, binds MA to induce structural maturation. By high-resolution in-virus structure determination of MA, we show that MA does not bind lipid into a side pocket as previously thought1, but instead binds SP2 as an integral part of the protein–protein interfaces that stabilize the mature lattice. Analysis of Gag cleavage site mutants showed that SP2 release is required for MA maturation, and we demonstrate that SP2 is sufficient to induce maturation of purified MA on lipid monolayers in vitro. SP2-triggered MA maturation correlated with faster fusion of virus with target cells. Our results reveal a new, unexpected interaction between two HIV-1 components, provide a high-resolution structure of mature MA, establish the trigger of MA structural maturation and assign function to the SP2 peptide.
CESNET-TimeSeries24: Time Series Dataset for Network Traffic Anomaly Detection and Forecasting
Authors: Koumar Josef , Hynek Karel , Čejka Tomáš , Šiška Pavel 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Anomaly detection in network traffic is crucial for maintaining the security of computer networks and identifying malicious activities. Most approaches to anomaly detection use methods based on forecasting. Extensive real-world network datasets for forecasting and anomaly detection techniques are missing, potentially causing overestimation of anomaly detection algorithm performance and fabricating the illusion of progress. This manuscript tackles this issue by introducing a comprehensive dataset derived from 40 weeks of traffic transmitted by 275,000 active IP addresses in the CESNET3 network—an ISP network serving approximately half a million customers daily. It captures the behavior of diverse network entities, reflecting the variability typical of an ISP environment. This variability provides a realistic and challenging environment for developing forecasting and anomaly detection models, enabling evaluations that are closer to real-world deployment scenarios. It provides valuable insights into the practical deployment of forecast-based anomaly detection approaches.
An intelligent network framework for driver distraction monitoring based on RES-SE-CNN
Authors: Lei Jichong , Ni Zining , Peng Zhiqiang , Hu Hong , Hong Jun , Fang Xiaoyong , Yi Cannan , Ren Changan , Wasaye Muhammad Abdul 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
As the quantity of motor vehicles and drivers experiences a continuous upsurge, the road driving environment has grown progressively more complex. This complexity has led to a concomitant increase in the probability of traffic accidents. Ample research has demonstrated that distracted driving constitutes a primary human - related factor precipitating these accidents. Therefore, the real - time monitoring and issuance of warnings regarding distracted driving behaviors are of paramount significance. In this research, an intelligent driver state monitoring methodology founded on the RES - SE - CNN model architecture is proposed. When compared with three classical models, namely VGG19, DenseNet121, and ResNet50, the experimental outcomes indicate that the RES - SE - CNN model exhibits remarkable performance in the detection of driver distraction. Specifically, it attains a correct recognition rate of 97.28%. The RES - SE - CNN network architecture model is characterized by lower memory occupancy, rendering it more amenable to deployment on vehicle mobile terminals. This study validates the potential application of the intelligent driver distraction monitoring model, which is based on transfer learning, within the actual driving environment.
miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p in circulating vesicles as psoriasis biomarkers
Authors: Guzmán-Martín Carlos A. , Jiménez-Ortega Rogelio F. , Ortega-Springall María Fernanda , Peña-Peña Mario , Guerrero-Ponce Ana Elena , Vega-Memije María Elisa , Amezcua-Guerra Luis M. , Sánchez-Muñoz Fausto , Springall Rashidi 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder marked by fast skin cell growth, leading to thick, red, scaly patches. MicroRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. This study investigates miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p expression in psoriasis EVs and assesses their biomarker potential, exploring associated target genes and pathways via bioinformatics. A cross-sectional and case-control study included 40 psoriasis patients, with blood samples collected in EDTA tubes. RNA from extracellular vesicles was isolated using Qiagen kits, and miRNAs were quantified via RT-qPCR. Bioinformatic analysis predicted target genes using databases like miRDB and TargetScan. Gene expression data from GEO was processed, and differentially expressed genes were identified. This study assessed miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p expression in psoriasis patients’ circulating vesicles versus controls, finding significantly lower levels in patients. ROC analysis confirmed their diagnostic potential. A positive correlation of miR-16-5p with the Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI) suggests severity marker potential. Bioinformatics identified 378 common dysregulated genes, revealing key pathways and gene interactions in psoriasis. A heat map confirmed miRNA-mediated gene suppression in the disease. This study identifies miR-16-5p, miR-21-5p, and miR-155-5p as potential psoriasis biomarkers, in addition to finding significant gene interactions and pathways involved in psoriasis pathophysiology.
Assessment of anthropogenic activities impact based on metals in soil and tree leaves along roadside in Bangladesh
Authors: Anwar Armin , Mezbah Uddin A. H.M. , Hasan Md. Siddiq , Parvez Md. Sohel , Sipos Bianka , Bibi Dina , Sajtos Zsófi , Tótmérész Béla , Magura Tibor , Simon Edina 
Published: February 2025

Abstract
The assessment of heavy metal pollution in leaves and soils is essential in environmental health monitoring. We assessed the effect of anthropogenic activities along an industrial–urban–rural gradient in the roadside soil and tree leaves of Bangladesh based on their metal concentration. The concentrations of Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd were analysed in leaves of Ficus benghalensis, Swietenia macrophylla, and Polyalthia longifolia and topsoil samples using ICP-OES. We used pollution indices to quantify the impact of contaminants on ecosystems. Our findings indicated that there were higher metal concentrations, especially Cd and Pb, in soil and leaves in close proximity to locations with substantial traffic and industrial activities. Igeo index indicated moderately to strongly polluted areas by Cd. The contamination factor (CF) for Cd indicated a severe contamination, while moderately contamination show by Cr, Pb, and Ni. The value of the ecological risk factor was below 40 for Cr, Ni, and Pb; thus, negligible ecological risks were considered for these elements. But, the ecological risk assessment indices showed that Cd poses high ecological risks in soil and leaves across all study areas. Bioaccumulation analysis indicated substantial heavy metal absorption in tree foliage, with F. benghalensis and P. longifolia exhibiting elevated Pb accumulation in urban environments. The PCA indicated that Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb mostly derived from anthropogenic sources in leaves and soil samples, too. Our results demonstrated that F. benghalensis, S. macrophylla, and P. longifolia are good indicator to assess the effect of anthropogenic activities on the terrestrial ecosystem. Our results also indicated the critical need for environmental monitoring and mitigation techniques in urban and industrial zones to reduce heavy metal pollution in roadside ecosystems.
Cough Suppression Therapy in Patients With Chronic Refractory Cough and Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Authors: Chen ShengYing A. , Kim Jessica F. , Krishna Priya , Simmons Ethan , Crawley Brianna K. , Murry Thomas 
Published: February 2025

Purpose:
Chronic refractory cough (CRC), defined as cough lasting over 8 weeks despite medical intervention, is a prevalent condition with a number of associated comorbidities. Cough suppression therapy (CST) has been demonstrated to be a promising avenue for treating CRC by improving airway control and coordination. However, little is known about the effects of CST in CRC patients diagnosed with comorbid oropharyngeal dysphagia (DYS) despite a large subset of patients with both conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine if CST affects self-assessment of DYS severity in patients diagnosed with both CRC and oropharyngeal DYS.

Method:
The charts of 106 patients with a primary diagnosis of CRC who completed CST were reviewed. A total of 30 age- and gender-matched individuals, 15 with CRC and oropharyngeal DYS (CRC + DYS) and 15 with CRC only, were identified. All patients underwent stroboscopic examinations by an otolaryngologist and completed the Cough Severity Index and Eating Assessment Tool–10 surveys. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare pre- and posttreatment symptom severity, gender, age, race/ethnicity, and comorbidities.

Results:
Self-reported severity of DYS decreased in all 15 CRC + DYS patients, and their average post-treatment score was statistically similar to that of patients with only CRC. Both groups had comparable reductions in their self-assessment of cough severity. The two groups presented no statistically significant difference in pretreatment cough severity, treatment duration, number of treatment sessions, comorbidities, age, and gender.

Conclusion:
These findings suggest that CRC patients with oropharyngeal DYS and no evidence of aspiration had statistically significant improved self-assessment of swallowing disorder severity when treated with CST.