bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of gram-negative bacteria with difficult-to-treat resistance and utilization of novel β-lactam antibiotics in the southeastern United States
Authors: Tsai Y. Vivian , Bookstaver P. Brandon , Kohn Joseph , Justo Julie Ann , Childress Darrell , Stramel Stefanie , Slain Douglas , Tu Patrick , Wingler Mary Joyce B. , Jones Bruce M. , Anderson Daniel T. , Seddon Megan M. , Cretella David A. , Eudy Joshua , Winders Hana , Antosz Kayla , Bailey Pamela , Al-Hasan Majdi N. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractObjective:To evaluate temporal trends in the prevalence of gram-negative bacteria (GNB) with difficult-to-treat resistance (DTR) in the southeastern United States. Secondary objective was to examine the use of novel β-lactams for GNB with DTR by both antimicrobial use (AU) and a novel metric of adjusted AU by microbiological burden (am-AU).Design:Retrospective, multicenter, cohort.Setting:Ten hospitals in the southeastern United States.Methods:GNB with DTR including Enterobacterales,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, andAcinetobacterspp. from 2015 to 2020 were tracked at each institution. Cumulative AU of novel β-lactams including ceftolozane/tazobactam, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam, and cefiderocol in days of therapy (DOT) per 1,000 patient-days was calculated. Linear regression was utilized to examine temporal trends in the prevalence of GNB with DTR and cumulative AU of novel β-lactams.Results:The overall prevalence of GNB with DTR was 0.85% (1,223/143,638) with numerical increase from 0.77% to 1.00% between 2015 and 2020 (P= .06). There was a statistically significant increase in DTR Enterobacterales (0.11% to 0.28%,P= .023) and DTRAcinetobacterspp. (4.2% to 18.8%,P= .002). Cumulative AU of novel β-lactams was 1.91 ± 1.95 DOT per 1,000 patient-days. When comparing cumulative mean AU and am-AU, there was an increase from 1.91 to 2.36 DOT/1,000 patient-days, with more than half of the hospitals shifting in ranking after adjustment for microbiological burden.Conclusions:The overall prevalence of GNB with DTR and the use of novel β-lactams remain low. However, the uptrend in the use of novel β-lactams after adjusting for microbiological burden suggests a higher utilization relative to the prevalence of GNB with DTR.
Assessing the rationale of prescribing carbapenems among hospitalized patients with documented penicillin allergy: implications for stewardship
Authors: Burgener-Gasser Anne-Valérie , Fasel Jeanne , Halbeisen Delia , Hartmann Karin , Weisser-Rohacek Maja , Kaufmann Carole , Tschudin-Sutter Sarah 
Published: March 2024

Abstract

Background:
A reported history of penicillin allergy frequently leads to the prescription of carbapenems as a substitute for penicillin to avoid allergic reactions. Such self-reported allergies need to be accurately characterized to identify targeted antibiotic stewardship interventions that potentially minimize unnecessary carbapenem use.

Design:
Retrospective cohort study.

Method:
The proportion of hospitalized patients with penicillin allergy history receiving carbapenem prescriptions was evaluated between January 1st, 2017 and December 31st, 2018 at the University Hospital Basel, Switzerland. The appropriateness of carbapenem prescription of each patient was evaluated using institutional guidelines based on previously published recommendations.

Results:
Our analysis revealed that among 212 patients with recorded penicillin allergy, of the 247 carbapenem treatment episodes, 79 (32%) were unjustified. Abdominal and lower respiratory tract infections were most frequently associated with inappropriate carbapenem use (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.22–5.71, P = .014 and OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.08–4.73, P = .031). The recorded allergy type was not documented or unclear in 153 patients (72%) and penicillin allergy was only confirmed in 2 patients (0.9%). Inconsistencies in allergic symptom documentation and allergy types were found between the institution’s two software programs.

Conclusion:
While a multimodal approach to identify and accurately label penicillin allergies remains essential to reduce inappropriate carbapenem use, our findings highlight the need for comprehensive and easily accessible guidelines for carbapenem utilization and structured history-based allergy assessment as an initial screening tool, embedded in a tailored digital allergy record template.
From Fact to Applicable Law: What Role for the International Climate Change Regime in Investor-State Arbitration?
Authors: Martini Camille 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
While many investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) proceedings based on international investment agreements have dealt, directly or incidentally, with environmental issues, state measures relating to the mitigation and adaptation to climate change have been subject to a small number of reported cases. This article demonstrates that there is a significant gap between the number of investor-state disputes having a direct relevance with climate change, on the one hand, and the number of such cases that have actually raised climate change as a material legal or factual issue. In addition, arbitral tribunals faced with disputes related to measures or sectors that are of direct relevance to climate action have, to date, virtually never engaged in any sort of substantial analysis of international climate change treaties and related instruments, rules, or practices. Against this backdrop, this article will explore ways for arbitrators and parties to ISDS proceedings to better consider the climate regime — in particular, the Paris Agreement and instruments arising therefrom — in ISDS proceedings beyond its current limited role as an element of context. While the literature has mostly focused on integrating climate change concerns in ISDS, this article goes further by exploring how states’ international climate obligations could play a greater role in the adjudication of investor-state disputes, including by providing states with a justification for implementing more ambitious regulations as well as tribunals with guidance for interpreting substantive obligations in investment treaties.
Can refugees improve native children's health?: evidence from Turkey
Authors: Oymak Cansu , Maystadt Jean-François 
Published: March 2024

AbstractFollowing the most dramatic migration episode of the 21st century, Turkey hosted the largest number of Syrian refugees in the world. This paper assesses the impact of the arrival of Syrian refugees on the Turkish children's health, with a focus on height – a standard nutritional outcome. Accounting for the endogenous choice of immigrant location, our results show that Turkish children residing in provinces with a large share of refugees exhibit a significant improvement in their height as compared to those living in provinces with fewer refugees. Against other potential channels, a refugee-induced increase in maternal unemployment and the associated increase in maternal care seem to explain the observed positive effect on children's health.
Undecidability of polynomial inequalities in weighted graph homomorphism densities
Authors: Blekherman Grigoriy , Raymond Annie , Wei Fan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Many problems and conjectures in extremal combinatorics concern polynomial inequalities between homomorphism densities of graphs where we allow edges to have real weights. Using the theory of graph limits, we can equivalently evaluate polynomial expressions in homomorphism densities on kernels W, that is, symmetric, bounded and measurable functions W from

$[0,1]^2 \to \mathbb {R}$

. In 2011, Hatami and Norin proved a fundamental result that it is undecidable to determine the validity of polynomial inequalities in homomorphism densities for graphons (i.e., the case where the range of W is

$[0,1]$

, which corresponds to unweighted graphs or, equivalently, to graphs with edge weights between

$0$

and

$1$

). The corresponding problem for more general sets of kernels, for example, for all kernels or for kernels with range

$[-1,1]$

, remains open. For any

$a> 0$

, we show undecidability of polynomial inequalities for any set of kernels which contains all kernels with range

$\{0,a\}$

. This result also answers a question raised by Lovász about finding computationally effective certificates for the validity of homomorphism density inequalities in kernels.
Care and the Limits of a Pro-Choice Discourse
Authors: Bartos Ann E. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThe global pandemic exposed many flaws in the gendered political economy. It also illuminated how essential care is to our economy and to our flourishing. Yet, when care is dependent on a capitalist system that relies on competition, there will always be people who receive care and those that will not. In such a system, care is wrongly perceived to be a “choice” one can opt into or out of. This short essay grapples with the discourse of care as a choice, particularly around reproductive decisions. Choices offered within a neoliberal market logic fail to understand the political relationalities of such choices. Drawing on my personal experience of an abortion and other examples from the first year of COVID-19, this essay demonstrates how little choice there is in matters of care; care connects and disconnects one another regardless of personal choices. If matters of care persist in the realm of the market reliant on rational economic autonomous actors, then the many interrelationalities of care that the pandemic exposed will not have any impact on attaining a more caring society. This is particularly important given the nature of abortion politics in the United States. I argue that abortion is health care, and is often the most caring decision a pregnant person can make for the world they are trying to maintain, continue, and repair (per Tronto 1993). Care is not a choice; it is fundamental to human society.
Population and hospital-level COVID-19 measures are associated with increased risk of hospital-onset COVID-19
Authors: Schmitz Emily , Anderson Laura , Hatas Gabrielle , Stevens Linda , Osman Fauzia , Schweizer Marin , Safdar Nasia , Shirley Daniel 
Published: March 2024

AbstractA review of hospital-onset COVID-19 cases revealed 8 definite, 106 probable, and 46 possible cases. Correlations between hospital-onset cases and both HCW and inpatient cases were noted in 2021. Rises in community measures were associated with rises in hospital-onset cases. Measures of community COVID-19 activity might predict hospital-onset cases.
An epistemology for assessment and development: How do we know what we know?
Authors: Rupp Deborah E. , Thornton George C. , Bisbey Tiffany M. , Hoover Anna N. , Salas Eduardo , Murphy Kevin R. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractTo make informed decisions, assessment theorists, researchers, and practitioners can evaluate the overlap among (1) relevant theories, (2) empirical contributions, and (3) best practices. Unfortunately, such a task may seem daunting due to the so-called science-practice gap, which can thwart collaboration among these parties. This paper presents an epistemology for delineating the importance of integrating these three sources of knowledge. We then apply this epistemology to show that our current knowledge of assessment and development topics are well integrated in some places, but still quite lacking in others.
Perceptions of assessment center exercises: Between exercises differences and interventions
Authors: Roch Sylvia G. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractPreliminary research has demonstrated that not all assessment center (AC) exercises are viewed as equally just or motivating. The current research builds upon this research and investigates the relationships between six AC exercises and perceptions of self-efficacy, motivation, assessor bias, and fairness. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design (two informational justice interventions and one rating timing intervention), 286 working adults completed a survey designed to investigate differences between AC exercises and to investigate interventions designed to influence AC exercise perceptions. The results show not only significant perceptual differences between assessor-rated exercises and an ability test but also differences among the rated exercises. The results suggest that an ability test can be perceived as both among the most just and motivating exercises. Lastly, even though the experimental interventions did not have their anticipated effects, the results suggest benefits to having assessors rate recorded participant behaviors versus rating “live” behaviors, benefits that to a certain extent depend on whether participants had previously attended an assessment center.
Spanish–French leech trade and its consequences: From the increase in medical demand to resource depletion and technical innovation
Authors: Copena Damián , Gómez-Martín María 
Published: March 2024

AbstractThis article studies the impact caused by the success and dissemination of Broussais’ theories on the use of leeches as a medical supply on Spanish–French trade relations, as well as its consequences for the Spanish market between 1821 and the 1860s. Analysing the documents produced by the different public administrations, together with newspaper and archival sources in both Spain and France and the literature and legislation of that period, allows us to understand the evolution of this trade and the heavy impact it had on the autochthonous population of this animal resource. The article reveals how, at the beginning of the 1820s, leeches became an important medical supply and how the demand for them increased significantly. This gave rise to a trade relation between Spain and France that led to the overexploitation of the resource, the issuing of regulations on the matter, and the search for technological solutions to increase the production of leeches.
Political communication in the real world: evidence from a natural experiment in Germany
Authors: Seimel Armin 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Various robust communication effects have been identified, but evidence is overwhelmingly based on artificial survey treatments with limited real-world insight. I conducted a natural experiment on the impact of the European–Turkey statement closing the Balkan route during the 2015/16 European refugee crisis in Germany. This design tests the lasting effect of the statement's framing on public sentiment. I identify treatment and control groups based on timing to demonstrate its effect on perceptions of the crisis, asylum attitudes, and policy preferences. Effects are largest immediately following the announcement but decline rapidly. This shows political communication can significantly change opinion within a limited time frame. This study enhances our understanding of real-world communication effects and offers a broadly applicable methodology.
Assessing teat canal morphology in the dry period and during lactation by high-resolution ultrasound
Authors: Berteau Micheline , Pepler P. Theo , Broadhurst Ann , Hammond Gawain , Zadoks Ruth N. , Viora Lorenzo 
Published: March 2024

AbstractOur objectives were to quantify the dimensions of a fully ‘closed’ teat canal in dry cows and to describe recovery of the teat canal between milkings in lactating cows to assess whether and when full closure is attained, since this is an important determinant of udder health. Using an ultrasound scanner, teat canal length and diameter (proximal, midpoint and distal), teat cistern width, teat end width, whole teat width and teat wall thickness in 77 dry and 39 lactating dairy cows were measured. The dry cows represented a cross section of the dry population, with days since dry off ranging from 0 to 69 (median: 27). Data from lactating cows were recorded just before milking, and every 3 h post-milking. To control for location a cross-over (parlour vs. barn) study design was used. In dry cows, teat canal length and diameter did not vary by quarter or days since dry off, but multiparous cows had significantly wider teat canals than primiparous cows. The dry cow measurements can be used as baseline for dimensions for closed teats. In lactating cows, all teat dimensions except teat end width changed significantly during the 12-h milking cycle. Location (parlour vs. barn) did not affect the measurements, except teat end width and teat wall thickness. Teat canal length increased after milking and returned to pre-milking values by 9 h. Proximal and midpoint teat canal diameters decreased slightly just after milking and then progressively increased to above the pre-milking values by 9 h. Distal teat canal diameter increased after milking, partially contracting by 9 h. We found that during the dry period the teat canal is in a steady state, but its diameter is not zero, while during the lactation, the teat canal is in a near constant state of remodelling.
Evaluating the effectiveness of protected area management in Indonesia
Authors: Nugraha Rudijanta Tjahja , Komara Wenda Yandra , Krisna Peggy Awanti Nila , Puspita Oktafa Rini , Muslich Muhamad , Mardhiah Ulfah , Marthy William 
Published: March 2024

AbstractProtected areas worldwide are strongholds for safeguarding biodiversity, natural habitats, ecosystem services and cultural values. Yet despite their importance, the effectiveness of protected area management varies greatly. Indonesia is a biodiversity hotspot, with 554 protected areas that cover 27 million ha across the archipelago. To assess and improve the management effectiveness of these protected areas, the Government of Indonesia applied an adapted version of the Management Effectiveness Tracking Tool (METT) to assess 422 of the country's protected areas, of which 170 were repeatedly assessed in 2015, 2017 and 2019. We investigated the METT score changes across these protected areas and the factors explaining the varying scores. Over the study years, METT scores significantly improved (mean increase of 44.1%). National parks had the highest mean score, which was 13.4 points higher than other protected area types. After correcting for spatial autocorrelation using a generalized least-squares model, we found that METT score increase was positively influenced by year of assessment and having a well-resourced management authority, with no influence of protected area size or mean protected area budget allocation per ha. The assessments identified five main threats to protected areas: poaching, illegal logging, human settlements, tourism and non-timber cultivation. The widespread and repeated use of METT across the protected areas of Indonesia and the increasing METT scores indicate an overall improvement in management and professionalism. Building on the foundational work in our study, future studies should assess the association between METT scores and progress made towards achieving the conservation objectives of protected areas.
Multilingualism and native speakerism in academic journals’ language policies: Exploring a potential power of applied linguistics journals in promoting equitable publishing practices
Authors: Warren Leiry K. , Sato Masatoshi 
Published: March 2024

AbstractMultilingualism in the context of academic publishing involves beliefs and actions manifested through publications in multiple languages. However, a systematic analysis of how academic journals practice multilingualism has been scant. Therefore, the present study analyzed how indexed journals of applied linguistics promote and practice multilingualism following their scopes and language policies (LPs). Initially, 67 journals underwent screening based on their “aims and scope,” resulting in 11 journals that actively promoted multilingualism. Employing a critical discourse analysis (CDA) framework, the main analysis focused on the assumptions embedded within the journals’ LPs. The findings indicated an incongruity between the journals’ stated commitment and their practices of multilingualism. Specifically, all the journals mandated submissions exclusively in English with implicit biases toward native speakerism. The study underscores the need for a collective effort within and beyond the applied linguistics community to address linguistic biases and for more equitable and inclusive academic publishing practices.
Rapid assessment of data systems for COVID-19 vaccination in the WHO African Region
Authors: Mboussou Franck , Nkamedjie Patrick , Oyaole Daniel , Farham Bridget , Atagbaza Ajiri , Nsasiirwe Sheillah , Costache Ana , Brooks Donald , Wiysonge Charles Shey , Impouma Benido 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Most countries in Africa deployed digital solutions to monitor progress in rolling out COVID-19 vaccines. A rapid assessment of existing data systems for COVID-19 vaccines in the African region was conducted between May and July 2022, in 23 countries. Data were collected through interviews with key informants, identified among senior staff within Ministries of Health, using a semi-structured electronic questionnaire. At vaccination sites, individual data were collected in paper-based registers in five countries (21.7%), in an electronic registry in two countries (8.7%), and in the remaining 16 countries (69.6%) using a combination of paper-based and electronic registries. Of the 18 countries using client-based digital registries, 11 (61%) deployed the District Health Information System 2 Tracker, and seven (39%), a locally developed platform. The mean percentage of individual data transcribed in the electronic registries was 61% ± 36% standard deviation. Unreliable Internet coverage (100% of countries), non-payment of data clerks’ incentives (89%), and lack of electronic devices (89%) were the main reasons for the suboptimal functioning of digital systems quoted by key informants. It is critical for investments made and experience acquired in deploying electronic platforms for COVID-19 vaccines to be leveraged to strengthen routine immunization data management.
The relationships between parental attachment, peer attachment, automatic thoughts, and mindfulness skills among Iranian adolescents
Authors: Rabbani Mohtaram , Hosseinian Simin , Nosrati Saeid 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between parental attachment, peer attachments, and automatic thoughts with adolescent mindfulness skills in Iranian adolescents, drawing on internal working models and social cognitive theory. The data was collected from a sample of Iranian adolescents in Tehran using standardized measurement instruments previously developed by researchers. The collected data was analyzed using both simple and multiple regression analyses. The results revealed a positive and significant association between parental attachment and peer attachments with adolescent mindfulness skills. Conversely, automatic thoughts were found to have a negative impact on adolescent mindfulness skills. These findings suggest that strengthening attachments can contribute to the enhancement of mindfulness skills in adolescents, while addressing automatic thoughts is crucial in preventing the erosion of mindfulness skills. Consequently, experts can design interventions that focus on improving attachments and addressing automatic thoughts to promote adolescent mindfulness skills.