bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prepubertal Healthy Children’s Urinary Androstenediol Predicts Diaphyseal Bone Strength in Late Puberty
Authors: Remer Thomas , Manz Friedrich , Hartmann Michaela F. , Schoenau Eckhard , Wudy Stefan A. 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
Context: During the physiological process of adrenarche, the adrenal glands of healthy children secrete increasing amounts of weak androgenic steroids partly metabolized to potent sex steroids.
Objective: The aim of the study was to examine whether adrenal androgen metabolite excretion rates before the onset of puberty may be prospectively associated with late-pubertal diaphyseal bone strength.
Setting: We conducted the study in an auxological and metabolic child nutrition research facility.
Study Population and Design: The sample included 45 healthy adolescents who underwent proximal forearm bone and muscle area measurements by peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the age of 16 yr (sd 1.5) and who had collected a 24-h urine sample 8 yr earlier, allowing to quantify the prepubertal urine metabolome. Prepubertal hormonal predictors quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry were: dehydroepiandrosterone, its 16-hydroxylated downstream metabolites, 5-androstene-3β,17β-diol (androstenediol), sums of total androgen and glucocorticoid metabolites, cortisol, and 6β-hydroxycortisol.
Main Outcomes: Proximal forearm radius was measured.
Results: Of all prepubertal hormones analyzed, only sex- and age-specific androstenediol levels significantly predicted pubertal stage-, height-, and muscularity-adjusted diaphyseal bone modeling (periosteal circumference, β = 0.67, P = 0.002; cortical area, β = 2.15, P = 0.02), bone mineral content (β = 2.2; P = 0.04), and polar strength strain index (β = 12.2; P = 0.002). Androstenediol explained 5–10% of the late-pubertal diaphyseal radius variability.
Conclusions: Our prospective profiling of urinary steroid metabolites in 24-h urine samples collected before puberty suggests that androstenediol is an early predictor of the diaphyseal bone strength in late puberty. This predominantly peripheral conversion product of adrenarchal dehydroepiandrosterone by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase may hence be involved in a sustained improvement of radial bone accretion during growth.
Pharmaceutical Care for Migraine and Headache Patients: A Community-Based, Randomized Intervention
Authors: Hoffmann Wolfgang , Herzog Beatrice , Mühlig Stephan , Kayser Hubertus , Fabian Rüdiger , Thomsen Martin , Cramer Michael , Fiß Thomas , Gresselmeyer Doris , Janhsen Katrin 
Published: November 2008

Background: Despite the high prevalence of headache and migraine in the general population, many people do not receive adequate medical attention and treatment. Objective: To evaluate the effects of pharmaceutical care (defined as intensified structured counseling between patient and pharmacist, including the use of drug databases), for patients with headache or migraine, on both clinical and psychological endpoints. Methods: A prospective, randomized, controlled intervention study was conducted using pharmacies in Northern Germany. A total of 112 pharmacies (26% of all pharmacies in the study region) recruited 410 patients with headaches. Pharmacies were randomly assigned to an intervention or control group. Patients were interviewed by telephone prior to the intervention and again after 4 months. Primary endpoints were number of days with headache, number and severity of headaches, self-efficacy, and the patients' perceptions of their health-related quality of life. Results: Each pharmacy treated an average of 4.6 patients (total time effort 9 h). The intervention group consisted of 201 patients who received pharmaceutical care, whereas the control group comprised 209 patients who received standard counseling. In both groups, the number of headache attacks and intensity of pain in treated headache attacks did not change significantly between the first and second interviews. However, a statistically significant improvement in mental health and self-efficacy was shown in the intervention group. Intensity of pain in untreated headache attacks and the number of days with headache decreased in both groups. Most participants described this intervention as helpful and effective and 90% reported that they would recommend pharmaceutical care to other patients with headache. Conclusions: A short-term pharmaceutical care intervention improved patients' mental health and self-efficacy, although it did not significantly change the number and severity of headaches. The increase in self-efficacy and mental health associated with pharmaceutical care may be instrumental in improving long-term pharmacotherapy of patients with migraine and headache. To fully assess the effects of pharmaceutical care, a longer study may be required.
Mothers of Children With Down Syndrome: Constructing the Sociocultural Meaning of Disability
Authors: Lalvani Priya 
Published: November 2008

Abstract
A qualitative study explored mothers' experience of the birth of a child with Down syndrome within a sociocultural context. Nine mothers of children with Down syndrome were interviewed. Mothers discussed responses to their child's diagnosis as well as negative attitudes toward disability that were displayed by members of the medical community. The narratives highlight the process of meaning-making that these mothers engaged in, their resistance to the dominant discourse on disability, and their eventual transformations in perceptions of disability and motherhood. The study suggests that the meaning of Down syndrome may be culturally embedded and that mothers of children with Down syndrome locate their child's disability within a social environment.
Muslims in America
Authors: Read Jen'nan Ghazal 
Published: November 2008

Seven years after the terrorist attacks on U.S. soil catapulted Muslims into the American spotlight, concerns and fears over their presence and assimilation remain at an all-time high. Recent national polls find that four in 10 Americans have an unfavorable view of Islam, five in 10 believe Islam is more likely than other religions to encourage violence, and six in 10 believe Islam is very different from their own religion. All this despite the fact that seven in 10 admit they know very little about Islam. And yet Americans rankMuslims second only to atheists as a group that doesn't share their vision of American society.
Environmental status of Manahara River, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Bajracharya Ramita , Tamrakar Naresh Kazi 
Published: November 2008

The Manahara River located in northeast part of the Kathmandu Valley has been disturbed for last one decade by several anthropogenic activities and natural causes thereby deteriorating its recreational functions and stream habitat. To obtain an existing environmental condition and disturbances of the river, the river was surveyed for its habitat, pollution level and surface water quality. Among the five representative segments of the river, the downstream segment (Sano Thimi) was scored into intermediate category showing more pollution and environmental deterioration compared to the upstream segments. Turbidity, electrical conductivity, chemical oxygen demand, biological oxygen demand and ammonia increase, whereas dissolved oxygen decreases from upstream to downstream with exponential functions. Aquatic lives like Garra sp. (Buduna), Schizothorax sp. (Asala), Channa sp. (Hiele) and Heteropneustes sp. (Singe) were observed except in downstream of the Jadibuti Bridge situated downstream from Sano Thimi stretch. Fish species were rare from the Jadibuti area most probably due to reduced dissoved oxygen (5 mg/l). Coliform bacteria ranged from 3000 to 4000 in the Manahara River showing high amount of bacterial contamination. Major disturbances, which affect river habitat and surface water quality of the Manahara River were destruction of riparian buffer zones, excavation excessive amount of sand from the river, encroachment of floodplains and bars, solid waste and sewer effluent, and tendency of landuse change. To retard environmental degradation of the Manahara River from the human-induced activities, local government needs to take immediate action. doi: 10.3126/bdg.v10i0.1417 Bulletin of the Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal, Vol. 10, 2007, pp. 21-32
Growth Velocity and Interleukin 6 Concentrations in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Authors: SOUZA LETÍCIA S. , MACHADO SANDRA H. , BRENOL CLAITON V. , BRENOL JOÃO CARLOS T. , XAVIER RICARDO M. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveTo evaluate associations of growth velocity with inflammatory markers and cumulative dose of glucocorticoid in a cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) followed during 1 year.MethodsSeventy-nine patients were evaluated. Disease activity was evaluated by a pediatric rheumatologist. Anthropometric data were classified according to the World Health Organization standards. Tanner growth velocity curves were used; values below the Z-score≤ −2 were considered low growth velocity. Serum concentrations of interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured by ELISA, and values > 1 pg/ml were considered elevated.ResultsThe prevalence of low growth velocity was 25.3%, and it was associated with active disease on followup visit, elevated IL-6, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein, and higher cumulative glucocorticoid doses. In the multiple linear regression with growth velocity as the dependent variable, only elevated IL-6 level was independently and negatively associated with growth velocity.ConclusionLow growth velocity is highly prevalent in children with JIA. Elevated IL-6 levels seem to have an important negative influence on growth in these children, while total glucocorticoid exposure appears to be a secondary factor.
Androgen Deficiency and Defective Intracrine Processing of Dehydroepiandrosterone in Salivary Glands in Sjögren’s Syndrome
Authors: POROLA PAULIINA , VIRKKI LIISA , PRZYBYLA BEATA D. , LAINE MIKAEL , PATTERSON TUCKER A. , PIHAKARI ANTTI , KONTTINEN YRJÖ T. 
Published: November 2008

ObjectiveWe hypothesized that in addition to dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) depletion, Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is characterized by local androgen deficiency in salivary glands and defects in local processing of DHEA.MethodsSex steroid levels in serum and saliva were measured using enzyme immunoassays. Androgen effects on salivary gland cells were analyzed using the cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP-3) androgen biomarker.ResultsSerum and salivary concentrations of androgens were low in SS. Substrate to end-product ratios and correlations suggest that in SS salivary glands DHEA is effectively converted to testosterone, but that there are defects in converting testosterone further to dihydrotestosterone (DHT). In healthy controls no such phenomenon was seen, but testosterone is effectively converted to DHT. Salivary glands contained type I 5-α-reductase, and its inhibition with dutasteride completely blocked the upregulating effect of DHEA, but not of DHT, on CRISP-3 in human salivary gland acinar cells.ConclusionDHEA and DHT upregulate CRISP-3, which is reportedly low in SS. The effect of DHEA on CRISP-3 is indirect and is inhibited by dutasteride, showing that there is intracrine processing of DHEA in salivary glands. In healthy glands, but not in SS, DHEA is effectively taken up and converted to DHT. Sex steroid concentrations in saliva in part reflect glandular uptake of DHEAsulfate and local intracrine DHEA metabolism, which seem to be defective in SS. Our study demonstrates a prominent androgen deficiency and a defect in intracrine production of active androgens in SS salivary glands, also suggesting that salivary DHT cannot be maintained at a normal level in this female-dominant autoimmune exocrinopathy.
Television and narratives: cultural identities in globalization age
Authors: Vassallo-de-Lopes Maria Immacolata 
Published: November 2008

This paper describes a current research integrated in an international and interdisciplinary project and developed in a global environment between two different tendencies: integration and desintegration. In this scenary, television narrative arises as an essential tool to create and consolidate new cultural identities in order to get a popular narrative on the concept of nation.El presente texto hace referencia a un estudio en curso1 que se enclava en un proyecto internacional de corte interdisciplinar y que se desarrolla en un escenario global caracterizado por la complejidad y la confrontación dialéctica existente entre las ambivalentes tendencias que se dan a favor de la integración o de la fragmentación. En este escenario, la narrativa televisiva surge como un instrumento determinante en la creación y consolidación de nuevas identidades culturales compartidas, configurándose como una narrativa popular sobre la nación.
Reception studies and cultural identity
Authors: Jacks Nilda 
Published: November 2008

This article develops some aspects about my experience on the reception research focusing on some theoretical, empirical and methodological elements and having cultural identity as context. It considers identity as a constituent and at the same time as an element composed of the relationship between media and audience. It means that identity is taken as a mediation construct according to theories developed in Latin American. Three authors are important for this reflection: Martin-Barbero, Guillermo Orozco e Nestor García Canclini.
Este trabajo desarrolla algunos aspectos de la investigación en torno a la recepción de los mensajes televisivos considerando los elementos teóricos, empíricos y metodológicos, teniendo como contexto identidades culturales. Se trata de percibirla como elemento constituyente y constitutivo de las relaciones entre medios y audiencia, o sea, conceptualmente es tomada como mediación como apuntan las teorías desarrolladas en América Latina. Tres autores alimentan esta reflexión: Martín-Barbero, Guillermo Orozco y Néstor García Canclini.
The right to screens: from media education to educommunication in Brazil
Authors: de-Oliveira-Soares Ismar 
Published: November 2008

Social organizations, local governments and the media in Brazil are confronting themselves over the need for an oversight board to guarantee quality television programming, and establishing a system to determine which television programs are appropriate for which television time slots. Across Brazil, a representative body of children and young adults have determined that the right to receive quality programming is not currently being met. Children of the new generation see themselves as having a right to access new technologies which enable them to produce their own messages according to their own creativity, interests, and social participation. This new generation wants to go beyond education in order to watch and conquer their «right to screens».
Organizaciones sociales, gobiernos y medios de comunicación se confrontan hoy en día en Brasil ante la necesidad de establecer un juicio sobre la calidad y la clasificación de los horarios de exhibición de programas televisivos. A su vez, en sus pequeños espacios, una cantidad representativa de niños y jóvenes de distintas partes del país han descubierto que su derecho a recibir una programación de calidad no es la suficiente. Desde ahí, la nueva generación se reconoce como portadora del derecho al acceso a las tecnologías y a la producción de mensajes, de acuerdo con su creatividad, interés y proyectos de vida en la sociedad. Los jóvenes quieren ir más allá de la educación para mirar los medios y conquistar el «derecho a la pantalla».
No more audiences, we all become producers
Authors: Rincón Omar 
Published: November 2008

We can´t only be consumers, we must be citizens. This essay argues how audiences should become producers of messages that represent a culture of resistance, from its narrative and aesthetics needs, in order to find a place of sense in a world of screens. Hence, new audiences stop being just consumers to get the status of producers of their own screens. This is a contemporary, political, cultural, technological and communicative possibility. Today, we all have to become producers.
Ya no es posible sólo ser consumidores, nos toca ser ciudadanos. En este ensayo se argumenta cómo las audiencias deben convertirse en productoras de mensajes y en culturas de resistencia que desde sus estéticas, narrativas y necesidades encuentren un lugar en el mundo de las pantallas. Las audiencias nuevas dejan de ser consumidoras y pasan a ser productoras de sus propias pantallas; esa es la posibilidad política, comunicativa, cultural y tecnológica. Hoy todos devenimos productores.
Drog@ project: virtual learning communities
Authors: Tirado-Morueta Ramón , Méndez-Garrido Juan Manuel , Aguaded Ignacio 
Published: November 2008

This paper describes the contributions developed by a Spanish-Portuguese Research Project called “Drog@” which tries to promote drugs prevention at University. The project uses virtual teaching-learning tools including Internet to make information and communication easier to students.En este trabajo se describen las intervenciones desarrolladas por un proyecto de investigación hispano-luso denominado Drog@ y que ha consistido en promover en el ámbito de la educación universitaria algo tan necesario como la prevención en drogodependencias, mediante el uso de acciones formativas a través de entornos virtuales de enseñanza-aprendizaje y de la utilización de la Red para facilitar la información y la comunicación a los estudiantes.
TV as an instrument of moral education for democratic citizenship
Authors: Linde-Navas Antonio 
Published: November 2008

Few means provide us with more controversial and interesting materials in a moral sense than television contents do nowadays. By showing many cases which involve a conflict of rights and values, it gives plenty of opportunities for moral reflection. It is a very valuable instrument since it offers us relevant present problems, which are also very easy to understand and motivating for young people. This paper is intended to make some suggestions in order to foster the didactic use of some television contents. More specifically, it is intended to show the possibilities that moral dilemmas offer for this purpose. Accordingly, I will put forward some dilemmas which have been built from television materials, as well as several indications for its didactic use and a field research example about them.
Pocos campos como el de los contenidos de la televisión suministran hoy día un material más controvertido e interesante desde un punto de vista moral. Al presentarnos casos de conflictos de valores y derechos, la TV ofrece muchas oportunidades para la reflexión moral. Se trata de un material estimable, con problemas relevantes y actuales, inteligibles y motivadores para los jóvenes. En este trabajo se hacen sugerencias para utilizar didácticamente algunos contenidos de la TV. Más concretamente, se intenta mostrar las posibilidades que tienen los dilemas morales. Se exponen varios dilemas construidos a partir de contenidos televisivos, así como indicaciones para su uso educativo y algún trabajo de campo sobre los mismos.
The right to the screen: from media education to educommunication in Brazil
Authors: de-Oliveira-Soares Ismar 
Published: November 2008

Nowadays in Brazil, some social organizations, governments and mass media are discussing the need to establish an oversight committee to guarantee the quality of television programmes, as well as the need to set a system to determine what kind of program is appropriate for every television time slot. Across Brazil, a representative body of children and young people have come to the conclusion that the right to receive quality television programmes is not enough. The children of the new generations think they have the right to access new technologies and the production of their own messages, in accordance with their own creativity, interests and lifestyle projects within society.
Es ya tradicional que organizaciones sociales, administraciones políticas, educadores y medios de comunicación debatan en Brasil la necesidad de cuestionar la calidad de los programas televisivos y la necesaria discusión sobre los horarios de exhibición. Pero además de este permanente y creciente debate, por primera vez, una cantidad representativa de niños y jóvenes de distintas partes del país han comenzado a reclamar ellos mismos el derecho de recibir una programación de calidad. Las nuevas generaciones comienzan a reconocer sus derechos al acceso a las tecnologías y a la producción de mensajes, en virtud a su creatividad, formación y proyectos de vida en la sociedad.
Watching TV with family
Authors: Matos Armanda 
Published: November 2008

Nowadays television plays an important role in the socialization of children and adolescents, by making available a wide range of models of behaviour. However, watching television is an activity that takes place, mainly, in a family context. Therefore, the family has an important mediating role. A study conducted in Coimbra with students from the 4th, 6th and 8th grades, suggests that family mediation should be more intentional and more frequent, in order to promote the development of active and critical TV viewers.La televisión desempeña un papel fundamental en la socialización de la infancia, proporcionando desde muy pronto un amplio repertorio de pautas de conductas. La familia es el primer contexto en el que se genera el contacto con el medio televisivo. En este trebajo se recoge un estudio realizado en la ciudad portuguesa de Coimbra, con alumnos de 4, 6 y 8 años, a través de un cuestionario de hábitos televisivo, cin una muestra de 820 alumnos en el que se concluye que la televisión debería ser un instrumento más rentabilizado en la familia con fines educativos. A televisão desempenha um papel fundamental na socialização das crianças, proporcionando desde cedo um amplo leque de modelos de comportamento. A família é o primeiro contexto em que o contacto com este medium ocorre, pelo que deve constituir-se como mediadora da relação que a criança estabelece com a televisão. Um estudo efectuado em Coimbra, com alunos dos 4º, 6º e 8º anos, sugere que o uso da televisão pela família pode e deve ser mais rentabilizado pa a fins educativos.
Watching TV with visual impaired children
Authors: Rodríguez-Fuentes Antonio 
Published: November 2008

Unfortunately for visual impaired people, our society is characterised by the exaltation of the image and audiovisual media with a strong visual component. In spite of this there are means already available to make possible a complete access to the visual culture, in particular to mass media. Accessible or universal design allows us sometimes to break the visual sense barriers (for people with impaired vision), and some other times to develop alternative senses (for blind people). Nevertheless, reality does not match the technical and technological possibilities available in present day society.Lamentablemente para las personas con discapacidad visual, la sociedad actual se caracteriza por la exaltación de la imagen y los medios audiovisuales, con fuerte componente visual. A pesar de ello, existen ya medios para ir haciendo posible el acceso íntegro a la cultura visual a las personas con deficiencias, haciéndolas partícipes del universo que representan los medios de comunicación. El diseño accesible o universal permite romper las barreras del sentido visual (para las personas con baja visión) o desarrollar sentidos alternativos (para la ceguera). Sin embargo, el autor constata que la realidad, por desgracia, aún no se corresponde con las posibilidades técnicas y tecnológicas que ofrecen los avances técnicos.