bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Scar myofibroblasts of the infarcted rat heart express natriuretic peptides
Authors: Calderone Angelino , Bel‐Hadj Samar , Drapeau Jessica , El‐Helou Viviane , Gosselin Hugues , Clement Robert , Villeneuve Louis 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe present study examined whether natriuretic peptide expression in the scar of post‐myocardial infarcted (MI) rats was derived at least in part by residing myofibroblasts. ANP and BNP mRNA levels were significantly increased in the non‐infarcted left ventricle and scar of 1‐week post‐MI male rats, as compared to the left ventricle of normal rats. The infarct region contained myofibroblasts and contracted cardiac myocytes residing predominantly in the epicardial border zone. In primary passage scar‐derived myofibroblasts, α‐myosin heavy chain mRNA was undetectable, whereas ANP, BNP, as well as adrenomedullin and corin mRNA expression persisted. In 1–3 day cultured primary passage myofibroblasts, prepro‐ANP, mature ANP, and BNP staining was observed in the cytoplasm/perinuclear region co‐incident with unorganized α‐smooth muscle actin. Following 4–7 days in culture, myofibroblasts expressed organized α‐smooth muscle actin filaments. However, natriuretic peptides were predominantly detected in the nucleus and cytoplasm, and thin filaments occupying the perinuclear region were positive for prepro‐ANP and BNP. Isoproterenol treatment of first passage scar myofibroblasts increased protein synthesis and induced BNP mRNA expression, whereas ANP mRNA levels remained unchanged. By contrast, neither ANP nor BNP mRNAs were induced following exposure to AII despite increased protein synthesis. These data highlight the novel observation that scar myofibroblasts synthesized ANP, BNP, adrenomedullin, and expressed the pro‐convertase corin. Constitutive and sympathetic‐driven natriuretic peptide synthesis by myofibroblasts may in part influence reparative fibrosis. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 165–173, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Steering estrogen signals from the plasma membrane to the nucleus: Two sides of the coin
Authors: Manavathi Bramanandam , Kumar Rakesh 
Published: November 2005

AbstractEstrogen mediate its biological effects through its association with estrogen receptors (ERs). They also regulate the expression of a variety of genes involved in distinct physiological processes, including development, metabolism, and reproduction. In addition, emerging data suggest that the estrogen–estrogen receptor complex can also function as a cytoplasmic signaling molecule and may influence processes such as cardiovascular protection, bone preservation, neuroprotection, and proliferation of various cell types. Such extranuclear or nongenomic signaling pathways are rapid and supposedly independent of transcription. A recent exciting finding was that G‐coupled membrane protein receptor, GPR30, an alternative to the classical ERs, is also involved in the rapid signaling of estrogen through its direct association with estrogen. These new findings combined with the recent advances in the cytoplasmic functions of proline, glutamic acid, luecine rich protein 1 (PELP1), and metastatic tumor antigen 1 short form (MTA1s) have opened a new spectrum and raised several new concerns in the field of estrogen biology and put the attention to unveil many unknown mechanistic actions of estrogen in cellular physiology. In this review, we briefly summarize what is currently known of the cellular mechanisms and physiology of estrogen's nongenomic actions in various cellular systems used by ERs. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Platelet‐derived growth factor‐BB‐induced hypertrophy of peritubular smooth muscle cells is mediated by activation of p38 MAP‐kinase and of Rho‐kinase
Authors: Romano Francesca , Chiarenza Claudia , Palombi Fioretta , Filippini Antonio , Padula Fabrizio , Ziparo Elio , De Cesaris Paola 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPeritubular smooth muscle cells (PSMC) from rat testis in primary serum‐free cultures unexpectedly undergo contraction and subsequent cell hypertrophy in response to the growth factor PDGF‐BB, remaining stationary. The present study investigates the transduction pathways involved in the observed paradoxical upregulation of the differentiated phenotype and induction of hypertrophy in PSMC. PI3K, ERK, JNK, and p38 kinases, known to mediate PDGF‐BB signaling in the canonic dedifferentiative and proliferative response of smooth muscle cells (SMC) were rapidly activated by PDGF‐BB but only p38 remained activated after 2‐day stimulation. Immunofluorescence and immunoblotting experiments showed that in 4‐day treatment: (i) continuous inhibition of PI3K, of ERK, of JNK, failed to inhibit either cell enlargement and formation of prominent α‐SM actin containing stress fibers or the typical increase in α‐SM actin; (ii) when stimulated in the presence of the p38 inhibitor SB203580 both responses were significantly inhibited and cytofluorimetric analysis of cell size showed a remarkable reduction of the hypertrophic response. PDGF‐BB was also found to activate the small GTPase RhoA and inhibition of Rho‐dependent kinase ROCK by Y27632 counteracted the effects of PDGF‐BB similarly to SB203580. Both the transcription factor ATF2 and the nucleosomal kinase MSK1, downstream targets of p38, were activated by PDGF‐BB, but p38 inhibitor SB203580 inhibited only the phosphorylation of MSK1 which appeared unaffected by ROCK inhibitor Y27632. In concluding, p38 and the Rho‐ROCK system were found to play prominent, probably independent roles in the upregulation of PSMC differentiated phenotype and induction of hypertrophy by PDGF‐BB. J. Cell. Physiol. 207: 123–131, 2006. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seroreactivity to A‐type retrovirus proteins in a subset of cats with hyperthyroidism
Authors: Sander David M. , Wolfsheimer Karen , Gallaher William R. , Fermin Cesar D. , Haislip Allyson M. , Garry Robert F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe thyroid gland is afflicted in several endocrine, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. Previous studies detected immunoreactivity against proteins of a human intracisternal A‐type retroviral particle type‐I (HIAP‐I) in serum samples from the majority of patients with Graves' disease, an autoimmune disease of the thyroid that can also affect other organs, most prominently the eyes. To determine whether hyperthyroid animals might provide a model for the retroviral involvement in thyroid autoimmunity, serum samples from 32 cats (21 hyperthyroid and 11 controls) and 10 hypothyroid dogs were examined for immunoreactivity with HIAP‐I using a Western blot technique. Of the 21 hyperthyroid cats 15 (71.4%) were HIAP‐I positive, while only 2 of 11 (11.8%) control animals without endocrine pathology were positive. No significant correlations were seen between HIAP seroreactivity and serum thyroid hormone levels (T3 and T4), age, gender, treatment history, vaccination status, or weight. No seroreactivity to HIAP‐I was detected in hypothyroid dogs. An examination of HIAP‐I reactivity in feline leukemia virus (FeLV)‐seroconverting cats found that 7/9 (78%) animals viremic for FeLV‐A showed an alteration in HIAP serology, whereas only 1/7 (14%) nonviremic animals showed a change in HIAP‐I serology. These results suggest that it may be possible to develop an animal (feline) model for the role of retroviruses in thyroid autoimmune diseases. Microsc. Res. Tech. 68:235–238, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
γ‐Herpesvirus neoplasia: A growing role for COX‐2
Authors: Shelby Bryan D. , Nelson Anne , Morris Cindy 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBoth human γ‐herpesviruses, Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) and Kaposi's sarcoma‐associated herpesvirus (KSHV) induce neoplasia. Burkitt's and Hodgkin's lymphomas harbor EBV sequences, while KSHV has been associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS), primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), and multicentric castleman's disease (MCD). Each of these γ‐herpesvirus‐associated malignancies displays typical characteristics of neoplasia, such as angiogenesis and cell survival. One enzyme commonly overexpressed in breast, prostate, and colon cancers is cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2). Recently, COX‐2 overexpression has been reported in herpesvirus infections in vitro. This review will outline potential mechanisms by which COX‐2 may participate in herpesvirus‐induced neoplasia. Microsc. Res. Tech. 68:120–129, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
AIDS‐related non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas
Authors: Krause John 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThis work reviews the current status of non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) in HIV infected patients. HIV infection remains at significantly increased risk for the development of NHL. The great majority of these lymphomas are high‐grade monoclonal B‐cell neoplasms often occurring in unusual sites. A number of genetic abnormalities have been found but additional studies are necessary to understand the etiology and pathogenesis of NHL in the setting of HIV infection. The cases in this paper have been seen on the Hematopathology service of the Tulane Health Sciences Center. Microsc. Res. Tech. 68:168–175, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The human T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1): New insights into the clinical aspects and molecular pathogenesis of adult t‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV‐associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM)
Authors: Shuh Maureen , Beilke Mark 
Published: November 2005

AbstractHuman T‐cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV‐1) was the first human retrovirus to be identified in the early 1980s. The isolation and identification of a related virus, HTLV‐2, and the distantly related human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) immediately followed. Of the three retroviruses, two are associated definitively with specific diseases, HIV, with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and HTLV‐1, with adult T‐cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV‐1–associated myelopathy (TSP/HAM). While an estimated 10–20 million people worldwide are infected with HTLV‐I, infection is endemic in the Caribbean, parts of Africa, southwestern Japan, and Italy. Approximately 4% of HTLV‐I infected individuals develop ATLL, a disease with a poor prognosis. The clinical manifestations of infection and the current biology of HTLV viruses with emphasis on HTLV‐1 are discussed in detail. The implications for improvements in diagnosis, treatment, intervention, and vaccination are included, as well as a discussion of the emergence of HTLV‐1 and ‐2 as copathogens among HIV‐1‐infected individuals. Microsc. Res. Tech. 68:176–196, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Involvement of human intracisternal A‐type retroviral particles in autoimmunity
Authors: Sander David M. , Szabo Sara , Gallaher William R. , Deas Jane E. , Thompson James J. , Cao Yan , Luo‐Zhang Hong , Liu Leonita G. , Colmegna Ines , Koehler Jeffery , Espinoza Luis R. , Alexander Steve S. , Hart Darren J. , Tom Daniel M. , Fermin Cesar D. , Jaspan Jonathan J. , Kulakosky Peter C. , Tenenbaum Scott A. , Wilson Russell B. , Garry Robert F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPrior studies have linked retroviruses to various arthropathies and autoimmune diseases. Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a systemic autoimmune disease, is characterized by aggressive infiltration of lymphocytes into the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in destruction of the glands and dry mouth and eyes (sicca syndrome). The infiltrating lymphocytes in SS may become overtly malignant, and thus, the incidence of lymphoma is greatly increased in SS patients. A human intracisternal A‐type retroviral particle type I (HIAP‐I) has been isolated from persons with SS. HIAP‐I shares a limited number of antigenic epitopes with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but is distinguishable from HIV by morphological, physical, and biochemical criteria. A substantial majority of patients with SS or systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have serum antibodies to the proteins of this human retrovirus. Fewer than 3% of the normal blood donor population have antibodies to any HIAP‐associated proteins. A second type of a human intracisternal A‐type retrovirus, HIAP‐II, was detected in a subset of patients with idiopathic CD4 lymphocytopenia (ICL), an AIDS‐like immunodeficiency disease. Most HIAP‐II positive ICL patients were also antinuclear antibody positive. Reviewed here are additional studies from several laboratories suggesting that HIAP or related viruses may be involved in SLE and other autoimmune conditions. Additionally, results of comprehensive surveys of autoimmune patients to determine seroreactivity to HIAP, and other human retroviruses, including HIV and human T‐lymphotropic virus type I, are reported. Microsc. Res. Tech. 68:222–234, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Evaluation of the nuclear delivery and intra‐nuclear transcription of plasmid DNA condensed with µ (mu) and NLS‐µ by cytoplasmic and nuclear microinjection: a comparative study with poly‐L‐lysine
Authors: Akita Hidetaka , Tanimoto Mitsuhide , Masuda Tomoya , Kogure Kentaro , Hama Susumu , Ninomiya Keiko , Futaki Shiroh , Harashima Hideyoshi 
Published: November 2005

AbstractBackgroundThe efficient nuclear delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) is essential for the development of a promising non‐viral gene vector. In an attempt to achieve nuclear delivery, NLS‐mu, a novel pDNA condenser, was prepared. This consists of mu, a highly potent polypeptide for condensing the pDNA, and a SV40 T antigen‐derived nuclear localization signal (NLSSV40).MethodsThe utility of NLS‐mu was assessed in terms of green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression after cytoplasmic and nuclear microinjection of GFP‐encoding pDNA along with the transfection, and compared with mu and poly‐L‐lysine (PLL). Trans‐gene expression after cytoplasmic microinjection was affected by the efficiencies of nuclear transfer and following intra‐nuclear transcription. To evaluate the nuclear transfer process separately, we introduced a parameter, a nuclear transfer score (NT score), which was calculated as the trans‐gene expression after cytoplasmic microinjection divided by that after nuclear microinjection.ResultsAs expected, the rank order of trans‐gene expression after the transfection and cytoplasmic microinjection was NLS‐mu > mu > PLL. However, the calculated NT scores were unexpectedly ranked as mu = NLS‐mu > PLL, suggesting that mu, and not NLSSV40, is responsible for the nuclear delivery of pDNA. In addition, confocal images of rhodamine‐labeled pDNA indicated that pDNA condensed with mu and NLS‐mu was delivered as a condensed form. In comparing the nuclear transcription, the rank order of trans‐gene expression after nuclear microinjection was PLL = NLS‐mu > mu, suggesting that intra‐nuclear transcription is inhibited by efficient condensation by mu, and is avoided by the attachment of NLSSV40.ConclusionsCollectively, NLS‐mu, which consists of chimeric functions, is an excellent DNA condenser, and the process is based on mu‐derived nuclear transfer and NLSSV40‐derived efficient intra‐nuclear transcription. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
(d,1)‐total labeling of graphs with a given maximum average degree
Authors: Montassier Mickaël , Raspaud André 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe (d,1)‐total number $\lambda _{d}^{T}(G)$ of a graph G is the width of the smallest range of integers that suffices to label the vertices and the edges of G so that no two adjacent vertices have the same color, no two incident edges have the same color, and the distance between the color of a vertex and its incident edges is at least d. In this paper, we prove that $\lambda_{d}^{T}(G) \leq \Delta (G) + 2d - 2$ for connected graphs with a given maximum average degree. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory
Morphological changes in the clasper gland of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, associated with the seasonal reproductive cycle
Authors: Piercy A. , Gelsleichter J. , Snelson F.F. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe clasper gland of the Atlantic stingray, Dasyatis sabina, was examined over a 1‐year period, covering an entire reproductive cycle. Changes in clasper gland tissue architecture, fluid production, and cell proliferation were assessed. No changes in tissue architecture were observed. Evidence of cell proliferation in the gland epithelium was not detected using immunocytochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a cellular marker of mitosis. Epithelial cells were not observed to undergo mitosis, and cell membranes remained intact. The lack of structural changes and epithelial cell proliferation supports the proposed merocrinal mode of fluid secretion. Rays captured in nonbreeding months had clasper glands that exhibited tubules with reduced lumens. In contrast, rays caught during the breeding season had clasper gland tubules with enlarged lumens. Clasper gland fluid production was quantified through measurements of the fluid area and tubule area calculated from digital images. Clasper gland fluid production was significantly higher during the mating period than during months not associated with copulatory activity. These data support the notion that the clasper gland is involved in stingray copulatory activity. This study adds to the limited amount of literature focused on this poorly understood component of reproduction in skates and rays. J. Morphol. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Molecular basis for the binding polyspecificity of an anti‐cholera toxin peptide 3 monoclonal antibody
Authors: Otte Livia , Knaute Tobias , Schneider‐Mergener Jens , Kramer Achim 
Published: November 2005

AbstractThe onset of autoimmune diseases is proposed to involve binding promiscuity of antibodies (Abs) and T‐cells, an often reported yet poorly understood phenomenon. Here, we attempt to approach two questions: first, is binding promiscuity a general feature of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) and second, what is the molecular basis for polyspecificity? To this end, the anti‐cholera toxin peptide 3 (CTP3) mAb TE33 was investigated for polyspecific binding properties. Screening of phage display libraries identified two epitope‐unrelated peptides that specifically bound TE33 with affinities similar to or 100‐fold higher than the wild‐type epitope. Substitutional analyses revealed distinct key residue patterns recognized by the antibody suggesting a unique binding mode for each peptide. A database query with one of the consensus motifs and a subsequent binding study uncovered 45 peptides (derived from heterologous proteins) that bound TE33. To better understand the structural basis of the observed polyspecificity we modeled the new cyclic epitope in complex with TE33. The interactions between this peptide and TE33 suggested by our model are substantially different from the interactions observed in the X‐ray structure of the wild‐type epitope complex. However, the overall binding conformation of the peptides is similar. Together, our results support the theory of a general polyspecific potential of mAbs. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
STIR vs. T1‐weighted fat‐suppressed gadolinium‐enhanced MRI of bone marrow edema of the knee: Computer‐assisted quantitative comparison and influence of injected contrast media volume and acquisition parameters
Authors: Mayerhoefer Marius E. , Breitenseher Martin J. , Kramer Josef , Aigner Nicolas , Norden Cornelia , Hofmann Siegfried 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo compare short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1‐weighted (T1w) gadolinium (Gd)‐enhanced fat‐suppressed MRI of bone marrow edema (BME) of the knee, and investigate the influence of injected contrast media volume and variation of major acquisition parameters on apparent BME volume and signal contrast.Materials and MethodsSTIR and T1w Gd‐enhanced fat‐suppressed images were obtained from 30 patients with BME of the knee. Two groups of patients were examined with different MR scanners, acquisition parameters, and contrast media volumes. For both sequences, BME volume and signal contrast were assessed by computer‐assisted quantification, and were compared through their arithmetic means and correlation coefficients (r2). The injected contrast media volume was also correlated with BME volume and signal contrast differences between sequences.ResultsA strong correlation between the STIR and Gd‐enhanced T1w images was found for BME volume (r2 = 0.96–0.99) and BME signal contrast (r2 = 0.86–0.94). Despite the differences in MR acquisition parameters and injected contrast media volume, both sequences depicted an almost identical BME volume in both groups. Contrast media volume showed a moderate correlation (r2 = 0.40) with BME volume differences.ConclusionSTIR is the optimum method for determining the size and signal contrast of BME. The injected contrast media volume appears to have only a limited influence on apparent BME volume. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Spontaneous craniospinal hypotension
Authors: Weindling Steven M. , Kotsenas Amy L. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractSpontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak has been called “spontaneous intracranial hypotension,” emphasizing the intracranial symptoms and imaging findings. We present a patient with spontaneous CSF leak whose initial spinal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were thought to represent epidural tumor or infection. Subsequent MRI examinations showed an improvement of both intracranial and spinal CSF hypotension findings coinciding with clinical symptom resolution. We propose the term “spontaneous craniospinal hypotension” to better emphasize this syndrome's unifying intracranial and spinal pathophysiology and imaging findings. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Influence of positional and angular variation of automatically planned short‐axis stacks on quantification of left ventricular dimensions and function with cardiovascular magnetic resonance
Authors: Danilouchkine Mikhail G. , van der Geest Rob J. , Westenberg Jos J.M. , Lelieveldt Boudewijn P.F. , Reiber Johan H.C. 
Published: November 2005

AbstractPurposeTo theoretically and experimentally investigate the influence of the automated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) scan planning pitfalls, namely inaccurate positioning and tilting of short‐axis (SA) imaging planes, on quantification of the left ventricular (LV) dimensions and function.Materials and MethodsEleven healthy subjects and eight patients underwent CMR. Manually and automatically planned SA sets were acquired. To obtain the quantitative measurements of LV function, one observer performed image analysis twice. The agreement between planning methods, as well as the decomposition of the total variation into interstudy and intraobserver components was measured.ResultsThe decomposition of the total variation showed that the interstudy factor accounts for 70–85% of the total variation, while the rest is due to the intraobserver factor. Moreover, the relative contribution of the interstudy factor remains independent from errors in slice positioning and small angular deviation of SA stacks from the optimal orientation. Good agreement between the theoretical and measured variability factors was observed.ConclusionGlobal LV function derived from the automatically planned CMR acquisitions yield accurate quantification of the human cardiovascular system. Inaccurate positioning and tilting of SA images does not affect the quantitative measurements of LV function. The computer‐aided system for automated CMR has proven clinical applicability. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.