bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
A preliminary investigation of the order Bangiales (Bangiophycidae, Rhodophyta) based on sequences of nuclear small‐subunit ribosomal RNA genes
Authors: Oliveira Mariana C. , Kurniawan Joelius , Bird Carolyn J. , Rice Ellen L. , Murphy Colleen A. , Singh Rama K. , Gutell Robin R. , Ragan Mark A. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYWe investigated phylogenetic relationships among red algae of the order Bangiales by analysis of sequences of the nuclear gene encoding cytosolic small‐subunit ribosomal RNA in Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) C. Ag. and eight samples representing seven species of Porphyra. The ssu‐rDNA range from 1818 to 1845 nucleotides in length, with guanosine plus cytosine ratios between 47.0% and 48.6%. A group IC1 intron occurs in the B atropurpurea ssu‐rDNAs at the same position as in P. spiralis var. amplifolia Oliveira Filho et Coll and several other eukaryote ssu‐rDNAs. The nine sequences form a stable monophyletic group upon phylogenetic analysis. The ssu‐rDNA from B. atropurpurea nests stably within the Porphyra group and is closely related to P. amplissima (Kjellm.) Setchell et Hus in Hus, making the genus Porphyra paraphyletic. No correlation is seen between phylogenetic position and number of cell layers in the Porphyra thallus. We discuss possible taxonomic and evolutionary implications of these observations.
Further confirmation of the presence of DNA in the pyrenoid core of the siphonous green algal genus Caulerpa (Caulerpales, Ulvophyceae, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Miyamura Shinichi , Hori Terumitsu 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYWe re‐examined the distribution of chloroplast DNA (ct‐DNA) in the pyrenoid core of Caulerpa okamurae Weber van Bosse and C. lentillifera J. Agardh by fluorescence microscopy after staining the squashes and Technovit sections with DNA fluorochromes such as 4′6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylmdole (DAPI), ethidium bromide, Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3. All fluorochromes stained specifically the pyrenoid core on the squashes and Technovit sections. In addition, we present new data on the localization of ct‐DNA in the pyrenoid core of two other species of the genus Caulerpa: C. cactoides (Turner) Agardh and C. geminata Harvey.
Studies on inoculation of aerial algae. I. Semi‐mass culture and quantification of algal color of Klebsormidium flaccidum (Ulotrichales, Chlorophyceae) sprayed on to concrete board
Authors: Nanba Nobuyoshi , Machii Minori , Keng Lim Boon , Sakurai Nobuo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThis paper describes methods of semi‐mass culture and the quantification of algal color sprayed on a concrete board of the alga Klebsormidium flaccidum (Küitzing) S. Mattox et Blackwell. The alga was cultured in 100 L tanks normally used for hatching brine shrimp, with aeration from the deepest parts of the slanting sides. Initially mean algal density increased rapidly and attained 9.1 times the original density after 4 weeks. Subsequently, increase of the algal density was slow, and the density became 16.1 times the original level after 8 weeks. The alga cultured in this study was sprayed on to a concrete board using an agricultural sprayer. The relationship between the algal density on the board and its color, expressed as L*a*b* color space, was quantified. The chromaticity was maximum as the algal density on the board was about 5 g/m2, and the color was most vivid. When the algal density was more than 20 g/m2, both the lightness and chromaticity changed slightly, and the color became dark green.
The wound‐healing responses of Antithamnion nipponicum and Griffithsia pacifica (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) monitored by lectins
Authors: Kim Gwang Hoon , Lee In Kyu , Fritz Lawrence 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe binding of FITC labeled lectins to repair cells of Antithamnion nipponicum Yamada et Inagaki and Griffithsia pacifica Kylin, and their physiological effects on somatic cell fusion have been studied. Results indicate that repair cells strongly bind the lectins ConA and LCA, whereas other lectins did not bind to the cell, The binding of these lectins to the dead cell wall shows ConA and LCA specific substances are secreted from the tip of the repair cells. When fluorescently labeled ConA or LCA was added at various time intervals after wounding, it firstly bound (3 h post‐wounding) as a thin layer at the tips of the adjacent cells. Later (4–5 h post‐wounding) labeling also appeared at the tips of the repair ceils. Intense labeling at these sites continued throughout the wound‐healing process until repair cell fusion, at which time the lectin labeling was reduced to a narrow ring around the area of fusion, When added to plants prior to wounding and with continued monitoring, these same lectins were found to act as inhibitors to the wound‐healing response. Other control lectins showed no inhibitory effects. These results suggest that a signal glycoprotein with α‐D‐mannosyl residues is involved in the wound‐healing process of Antithamnion nipponicum. Lectins conjugated with visible tags can be used as a very fast and useful tool to monitor these signal substances.
Lectotypification of some marine red algae described by W. H. Harvey from Japan
Authors: Masuda Michio , Kudo Toshihiko , Kawaguchi Shigeo , Guiry Michael D. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYMuch of the marine algal material collected during Perry's Japan Expedition of 1852–54 and Rodgers’ North Pacific Exploring Expedition of 1853–56 was sent by Asa Gray of Harvard University to William Henry Harvey (1811–66) of Trinity College, Dublin, for examination. Preliminary accounts were published in 1857 and 1860, but the full descriptions and illustrations intended were never completed for publication. Original specimens collected from Japan during these expeditions are deposited in the Herbarium of Trinity College, University of Dublin, and in the Natural History Museum, London. The red algae are re‐examined and, where necessary, lectotypes are designated. The transfer of Polysiphonia stimpsonii Harvey to Enelittosiphonia is proposed as Enelittosiphonia stimpsonii (Harvey) Kudo et Masuda in Masuda et al. comb. nov. It is concluded that Polysiphonia flabellulata Harvey, which has in recent years been omitted from the Japanese marine algal flora, is an independent, characteristic species with six periaxial cells. Caulacanthus compressus Harvey is reduced to be synonymous with Gloiopeltis complanata (Harvey) Yamada, and Wrangelia tayloriana Tseng is synonymized with Wrangelia tanegana Harvey.
Life history of Cladophora surera sp. nov. (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae)
Authors: Parodi Elisa R. , Cáceres Eduardo J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe life history of Cladophora surera sp. Nov., described from the south of the province of Buenos Aires, Argentina, was found to be diplobiontic and isomorphic with haploid gametophytic (n= 24) and sporophytic (2n= 48) plants. Other freshwater species, namely C, suhriana Kutz, and C. callicoma Kütz. have also been reported to be diplobiontic and isomorphic but differing from C. surera by their ploidy level. Plants exhibit great morphological variation, as the number of branches/mm2 tends to increase with higher water velocity, thus adopting morphotypes that resemble very different species, that is, C. vagabunda (L.) Hoek, C. glomerata (L.) Kutz., C, laetevirens (Dillw.) Kutz., C. brasiliana Martens, C. dalmatica Kütz., C. vadorum (Aresch.) Kütz. and C. rivularis (L.) Hoek., but clearly differing from them by other morphological parameters; apical cell diameters, The ploidy level 24/48 has not been established for a species of Cladophora. Autogamy is the normal conjugation method and can take place even inside the gametangia before the gametes are released. Isogametes conjugate in a slow behavioral anisogamy, in which the contents of one migrate to the other. Tetra‐flagellate zoospores result from meiosis.
Hybridization studies inBostrychia.1:B. radicans(Rhodomelaceae, Rhodophyta) from Pacific and Atlantic North America
Authors: Zuccarello Giuseppe C. , West John A. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYBostrychia radicans(Montagne) Montagne is a pantropical/temperate red alga associated with mangroves and saltmarsh plants. Collections were made from a similar north‐south geographic distribution along both the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of North America. Hybridization studies were performed with cultured isolates to assess the extent of interfertility and reproductive isolation along these two coastlines. All male and female gametophytes derived from single tetrasporophytes were intercompatible. Almost all isolates extending over 1500 km of coast line from northern Pacific Mexico are compatible, forming cystocarps that released viable carpospores. Even isolates which morphologically would be placed in two species [B. radicansandB. moritziana(Sender ex Kützing) J. Agardh], based on the presence or absence of monosiphonous branches, were capable of hybridizing. Crosses of isolates from the Atlantic USA showed a greater amount of incompatibility. Certain isolates were not compatible with any other isolates including isolates collected in close proximity (North Carolina isolates), while other isolates from the same locality were compatible (South Carolina). An isolate from South Carolina formed tetrasporophytes with isolates from Pacific Mexico but tetraspores were not viable. Certain incompatible crosses formed ‘pseudocystocarps’ but viable carposporophytes did not develop. Generalizations about reproductive isolation within a species must also consider differences between populations from different biogeographic regions that may reflect different paleoclimatological histories, founder effects and unique dispersal events.
A re‐examination of the morphology and reproduction of Nothocladus lindaueri (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Sheath Robert G. , Müller Kirsten M. , Whittick Alan , Entwisle Timothy J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe vegetative morphology and reproduction of the freshwater rhodophyte Nothocladus lindaueri Skuja [=Batrachospermum lindaueri (Skuja) Necchi et Entwisle] were examined by light and electron microscopy. It was confirmed that this alga has a typical batrachospermalean pit plug with two cap layers, the outer one of which is domed. During elongation of hair cells, the primary wall is broken, forming a basal collar. Hair cells have a single nucleus and abundant Golgi bodies, en‐doplasmic reticula (ER) and vesicles. Dividing apical cells of the fascicles have a nucleus with art adjacent zone of exclusion, the latter containing a single polar ring. Branched trichogynes and fertilized carpogonia are shown for the first time in this species. Carpogonial branch and involucral cells contain a prominent axial nucleus, proplastids, ER and vesicles. The pit plugs disintegrate among these cells leaving open pit connections. Carpogonia have plentiful mitochondria and vesicles. The wall at the trichogyne apex is thickened and densely stained. The carposporophyte centre consists of a mass of fusion cells with open pit connections, and indeterminate gonimoblast filaments arise from this mass. The combination of a symmetrical carpogonial base, a carposporophyte centre consisting of a mass of fusion cells, and exclusively indeterminate gonimoblast filaments appears to be unique among the members of the Batrachospermaceae. The specimen of N. lindaueri contains epiphytic filaments of Audouinella meiospora producing both spermatangia and monosporangia. Spermatium formation in N. lindaueri remains unknown.
Cell cycle analysis in a multinucleate green alga, Boergesenia forbesii (Siphonocladales, Chlorophyta)*
Authors: Motomura Taizo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe cell cycle (nuclear division cycle) of a multinucleate green alga, Boergesenia forbesii (Harvey) Feldmann was studied using microspectrophotometry and BrdU incorporation techniques. Mitosis was observed frequently 1‐4 h after the beginning of the light period, on a 16:8 h LD cycle at 25°C. Mitotic nuclei formed discrete patches. Other nuclei remained in the G1 period. The DNA synthetic phase (S phase) was estimated to last about 12 h from microspectrophotometric study using aphidicolin inhibition just before the S phase and release from it. The G2 period was estimated to be about 2 h, because a labeled prophase nucleus could be detected when the samples were labeled with BrdU continuously over 3 h. The incorporation pattern of BrdU changed through the S phase nucleus. In early S phase, BrdU staining was detected as many dots in the entire nucleus, while in late S phase, it was detected as several discrete regions along the nuclear membrane. Almost all nuclei in B. forbesii were in the G1 stage after nuclear division, and the nuclei in several patches of the cell simultaneously initiated DNA synthesis. Once the nuclei entered into S phase, these nuclei continued into G2 and mitosis. In other words, the cell cycle regulation of entrance into S phase from G1 is an important factor in the growth and morphogenesis in B. forbesii.
Actin‐mediated chloroplast movement in Griffithsia pacifica (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Russel Catherine A. , Guiry Michael D. , McDonald A. Rosa , Garbary David J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYChloroplast banding occurs in Griffithsia pacifies Kylin in a daily rhythm. At the start of the light period, chloroplasts have a uniform distribution. During the light period chloroplasts move away from the ends of the cell leaving two chloroplast‐free regions by mid‐afternoon. Later in the light period these bands disperse as chloroplasts return to the ends of cell where they remain throughout the dark period. After enzyme treatment with β‐glucuronidase to permeabilize cell walls, non‐banded plants did not form bands after the addition of 5 μg ml−1 cytochalasin B in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). When enzyme‐grown plants with chloroplast bands were treated with cytochalasin B, bands were retained for at least three days. Plants grown in media supplemented with β‐glucuronidase or DMSO alone gave banding consistent with untreated controls. Staining of microfilaments with rhodamine‐phalloidin before and after treatment with cytochalasin B gave results consistent with chloroplast movement studies. This is the first report of actin‐mediated organelle movement in red algae.
Delineation of the Genera Struvea Bonder and Phyllodictyon J. E. Gray (Cladophorales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Kraft Gerald T. , Wynne Michael J. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYPlants of the stalked, net‐forming green alga Struvea plumosa Sender, the type species of the genus Struvea, divide segregatively at every stage of their multicellular differentiation. The segregative process results in virtually simultaneous internal cleavage of the cytoplasts of parent axes or laterals into uniseriate series of nearly identically sized daughter cells m which intercalary cross‐wall formation never takes place. Several branch orders result through a repeated process by which each daughter cell produces a pair of opposite protrusions at its distal end; the protruded arms subsequently undergo segregative divisions themselves after reaching a sufficient length. Struvea elegans Børgesen is seemingly the only other member of the genus in which the thallus divides by this segregative process. The remaining species appear to lack segregative cell division, their septation resulting from non‐synchronous, centripetal wall ingrowths that divide parent cells into more or less equal halves. Intercalary cell divisions are common, this process being easily seen in the most widely distributed member of the genus, Struvea anastomosans (Harv.) Pice, et Grunov ex Pice. Phyllodictyon J. E. Gray, based on Phyllodictyon putcherrimum. is currently considered a synonym of Struvea but should be reinstated to accommodate those former species of Struvea that have Cladophoratype. as opposed to segregative, cell division. Although the two genera thus differ substantially in their modes of cytokinesis and are assumed to represent independent developmental lines, both Struvea and Phyllodictyon are assigned to the Cladophorales on the basis of molecular studies by others showing that recognition of the separate order Siphonocladales renders the Cladophorales paraphyletic.
Haramonas dimorpha gen. et sp. nov. (Raphidophyceae), a new marine raphidophyte from Australian mangrove*
Authors: Horiguchi Takeo 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYA new raphidophyte flagellate is described from the river mouth of the Daintree River, north‐east Australia where there are extensive mangrove forests. The organism has two distinct phases: a club‐shaped motile form, and a more or less spherical benthic non‐motile form. The motile cell is metabolic and possesses 10–20 chloroplasts. The chloroplasts are imbricated, somewhat reminiscent of roofing tiles. A unique structure has been found at the posterior end of the cell. It is a tubular invagination, which consists of a single membrane supported by many small flattened vesicles. In addition, the structure is surrounded by many fibril‐containing vesicles. The tubular invagination is different from both the contractile vacuoles and the pusules of dinoflagellates in both behavior and structure. Based on the possession of these unique features, it is concluded that the this mangrove flagellate should be described as a new species in a new genus and the name Haramonas dimorpha Horiguchi gen. et sp. nov. is proposed.
Gamete discharge byBryopsis plumosa(Codiales, Chlorophyta) induced by blue and UV‐A light
Authors: Mine Ichiro , Okuda Kazuo , Tatewaki Masakazu 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYGamete discharge by the coenocytic green algaBryopsis plumosa(Hudson) C. Agardh is induced by light. The mature male gametangia consist of a mass of quiescent male gametes and a large central vacuole. Within a few minutes after the onset of irradiation, breakdown of the tonoplast of the central vacuole and initiation of gamete motility occur simultaneously. This is followed by a forced discharge of moving gametes through a hole ruptured at the subapical region of the gametangium. The action spectrum for the light‐induced gamete discharge was determined from a series of fluence‐response curves. This action spectrum, having two major maxima at 370 and 450 nm, indicates the involvement of a blue light/UV‐A‐absorbing photoreceptor previously described as ‘cryptochrome’.
Development of the intercalary meristem in Chorda filum (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) and other primitive Laminariales
Authors: Kogame Yasuyo , Kawai Hiroshi 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYDevelopment of the intercalary meristem in the terete laminarialean species Chorda filum (L.) Stackhouse was studied in culture using light and transmission electron microscopy as well as by tracing elongation and cell divisions in various parts of the sporophyte. Growth of C. filum sporophytes could be classified into three developmental stages: (i) diffuse growth; (ii) basal meristematic growth; and (iii) intercalary meristematic growth. In the diffuse growth stage, elongation and cell division frequency were almost the same in each cell. In the basal meristematic growth stage, elongation and division of cells became localized in the tissues derived from the meristematic initial cell. Cells of the basal meristematic region contained smaller chloroplasts and many small opaque vesicles. In the intercalary meristematic growth stage, there was further elongation and differentiation of cells originating from the meristematic region, and this became more active in adjacent regions below the meristem than in regions above the meristem, causing the relative position of the intercalary meristem to shift towards the tip of the sporophyte. Meristematic cells of C. filum contained well‐developed Golgi vesicles around the nucleus (perinuclear Golgi), many secretion vesicles and many small disk‐shaped chloroplasts whose thylakoids were not well developed. Sporophytes of three other terete members of Laminariales, Chorda tomentosa Lyngbye, Pseudochorda nagaii (Tokida) Kawai et Kurogi, and Pseudochorda gracilis Kawai et Nabata, show diffuse growth and basal meristematic growth, but no intercalary meristematic growth. This suggests that the common ancestor of the Pseudochordaceae and Chordaceae had basal meristematic growth, and intercalary meristematic growth evolved more recently in C. filum.
Morphological and cytogenetic characteristics of intergroup hybrids between closely related mating groups of the Closterium ehrenbergii species complex (Desmidiales, Chlorophyta)
Authors: Ichimura Terunobu , Kasai Fumie 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYFive F1 hybrid strains were established from rare survivors in intergroup crosses between three closely related mating groups (A, B and H) of the Closterium ehrenbergii Meneghini ex Ralfs species complex. Cell sizes of these five strains studied under our standard culture conditions were compared to those of their parental stains and also to the total range of cell‐size variation in each mating group. All five F1 strains were larger in mean cell width than their parental strains. In cell length, three of them were larger than, one was the same as, and the other was intermediate between their parental strains. Their cell sizes were always larger than the range of their respective smaller parental mating group and three of them were larger than the range of their respective larger parental mating group.
Fine structure of deep‐layer sloughing and epithallial regeneration in Lithophyllum neoatalayense (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)
Authors: Pueschel Curt M. , Keats Derek W. 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYTransmission electron microscopic study of Lithophyllum neoatalayense Masaki demonstrated that this alga used two mechanisms by which it sloughed cells from its surface. Epithallial filaments, produced by a layer of underlying initial cells, were two to four cells long. Terminal epithallial cells, those closest to the thallus surface, underwent senescence and shedding as previously described for other coralline algae. In addition, deep‐layer sloughing occurred. During this process, which is known for only one other coralline alga, cell death occurred uniformly within a surface layer 40‐50 μm thick. No pathogens or evidence of mechanical damage was detected. The zone of dead cells included the epithallial layer, the layer of initial cells, and some cortex cells beneath the initials. Pit plugs connecting living and dead cells at the edge of the necrotic zone were sealed by wall material deposited by the surviving cells, but cells within the necrotic zone showed no evidence of sealed pit plugs. The outermost surviving cells became new initial cells, which then divided to form new epithallial cells. Regeneration of the epithallial layer occurred before the thick layer of dead cells peeled away. The extensive deep shedding of both epithallial and initial cells in L. neoatalayense and the effectiveness of regeneration from cortex cells challenge the assumption that protection of initial cells is an important function of epithallial cells.
In situ growth rates of Sargassum horneri (Fucales, Phaeophyta)1
Authors: Gao Kunshan , Hua Wenqing 
Published: February 2006

SUMMARYThe relative growth rate of the brown alga Sargassum horneri (Turner) C. Agardh in the sea at Maizuru Bay, Japan, was investigated from summer to winter to examine the impact of declining solar radiation and temperature. The observed change in the growth rate between summer and winter was insignificant, in spite of a major decline in solar radiation and water temperature. The mean relative growth rate was 4.6% per day, equivalent to the daily net photosynthetic production previously reported for this species.