bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Survey of Liner Characteristics Used in Japan
Authors: Enokidani Masafumi , Inui Yoji , Kondo Hitoshi , Ando Akihiro , Tomiyasu Hirotsugu 
Published: March 2024

HighlightsThe vacuum during milking causes teat ends to suck into liners by 7 to 10 cm.Liner rubber is classified as hard or soft.Volume changes are greater in round liners than those of other shapes in the pulsation cycle.Non-round liners did not press completely during the closing phase.The liner shape had a greater effect on liner volume change than the material.ABSTRACT. A variety of liner shapes are used in the dairy industry in Japan, and it is not known which is optimal for maintaining teat-end condition, preventing mastitis, ensuring milk quality, and improving dairy cow and milking system performance. Liners can be generally classified into types based on their internal shape: round, round with ribs on the outside of the liner, triangular, clover-shaped, or square. In addition, liners can be characterized based on the position of the air vent. The optimal combination of air vent location and internal shape for the maintenance of good teat end condition has not been clarified. The aim of this study is to survey liners in Japan to determine the characteristics of liners currently in use. The depth to which the teat end is pulled into the liner during milking was investigated. An experimental vacuum device was fabricated to measure the touch-point and closure-point (the vacuum levels at which the opposite sides of the internal liner surface begin to touch, and the level at which the liner bore completely closes, respectively). In addition, the volume change of the pulsation chamber during the pulsator opening and closing phases was also investigated. The internal shape of the liner was molded when the liner was opened and closed, and the cross-sectional area was compared for each liner type. The findings showed that liner hardness could be characterized as being either soft or hard. The change in the borevolume of round liners during a pulsation cycle, i.e., between the pulsation opening phase and the closing phase, was larger than that observed with the other liners. The cross-sectional area of the molded shape tended to be wider for liners of other shapes than for round liners. This study investigated and compared the characteristics of various types of liners and found that the characteristics varied widely. It is not clear what kind of liner shape is best, and further research is needed. Keywords: Liner internal shape, Overpressure, Pulsation, Teat end condition, Teat end position.
Broadband near-ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy
Authors: Fürst Lukas , Kirchner Adrian , Eber Alexander , Siegrist Florian , di Vora Robert , Bernhardt Birgitta 
Published: March 2024

The highly energetic photons of ultraviolet light drive electronic and
rovibronic transitions in all molecular species. This radiation is
thus a prime tool for strongly selective spectroscopic fingerprinting
and real-time environmental monitoring if broad spectral coverage,
short acquisition times, and high spectral resolution are
achieved–requirements that are in mutual competition in
traditional applications. As an approach with intrinsic potency in all
three aspects, here we introduce ultraviolet dual comb spectroscopy
using two broadband ultraviolet frequency combs centered at
871 THz and covering a spectral bandwidth of 35.7 THz.
Within a 100 µs acquisition time window, we obtain
rotational state-resolved absorption spectra of formaldehyde, a
prototype molecule with high relevance for laser spectroscopy and
environmental sciences. To our knowledge, this is the first
realization of broadband dual comb spectroscopy in the ultraviolet
spectral region and a pioneering tool to allow for real-time
monitoring of rovibronic transitions.
Patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure and their relation to psychopathology
Authors: Thomas Sarah , Schäfer Judith , Kanske Philipp , Trautmann Sebastian 
Published: March 2024

Introduction
Traumatic event exposure is a risk factor for the development and maintenance of psychopathology. Social-affective responses to trauma exposure (e.g. shame, guilt, revenge, social alienation) could moderate this relationship, but little is known about their relevance for different types of psychopathology. Moreover, the interplay of different social-affective responses to trauma exposure in predicting psychopathology is poorly understood.

Methods
In a sample of N = 1321 trauma-exposed German soldiers, we examined cross-sectional associations of trauma-related social alienation, revenge, guilt and shame with depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder and dimensional measures of depression and anxiety. Latent class analysis was conducted to identify possible patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure, and their relation to psychopathology.

Results
All social-affective responses to trauma exposure predicted current posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder and higher depressive and anxiety symptoms. Three latent classes fitted the data best, reflecting groups with (1) low, (2) moderate and (3) high risk for social-affective responses to trauma exposure. The low-risk group demonstrated the lowest expressions on all psychopathology measures.

Conclusions
Trauma-related social alienation, shame, guilt, and revenge are characteristic of individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder, depressive disorder, alcohol use disorder, and with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. There was little evidence for distinctive patterns of social-affective responses to trauma exposure despite variation in the overall proneness to show social-affective responses. Social-affective responses to trauma exposure could represent promising treatment targets for both cognitive and emotion-focused interventions.
The effect of breathing hypoxic gas (15% FIO2) on physiological and behavioral outcomes during simulated driving in healthy subjects
Authors: Kaur Jaspreet , Manokaran Lebbathana , Thynne Michael , Subhan Mirza M. F. 
Published: March 2024

AbstractHypoxia is mainly caused by cardiopulmonary disease or high‐altitude exposure. We used a driving simulator to investigate whether breathing hypoxic gas influences driving behaviors in healthy subjects. Fifty‐two healthy subjects were recruited in this study, approved by the Science and Engineering Ethical Committee. During simulated driving experiments, driving behaviors, breathing frequency, oxygen saturation (SpO2), and heart rate variability (HRV) were analyzed. Each subject had four driving sessions; a 10‐min practice and three 20‐min randomized interventions: normoxic room air (21% FIO2) and medical air (21% FIO2) and hypoxic air (equal to 15% FIO2), analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. Driving behaviors and HRV frequency domains showed no significant change. Heart rate (HR; p < 0.0001), standard deviation of the RR interval (SDRR; p = 0.03), short‐term HRV (SD1; p < 0.0001), breathing rate (p = 0.01), and SpO2 (p < 0.0001) were all significantly different over the three gas interventions. Pairwise comparisons showed HR increased during hypoxic gas exposure compared to both normoxic interventions, while SDRR, SD1, breathing rate, and SpO2 were lower. Breathing hypoxic gas (15% FiO2, equivalent to 2710 m altitude) may not have a significant impact on driving behavior in healthy subjects. Furthermore, HRV was negatively affected by hypoxic gas exposure while driving suggesting further research to investigate the impact of breathing hypoxic gas on driving performance for patients with autonomic dysfunction.
The Relationship Between Stock Performance and Money Supply Based on VAR Model in the Context of E-commerce
Authors: Qiu Lianshi 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
With the development of network technology, electronic money as a payment and settlement tool based on the network has been developing at an unprecedented speed. Based on the background of e-commerce, this study uses the data from June 2012 to June 2022 to establish a vector autoregressive model to study the interaction between oil prices, stock performance, and money supply. Such a model can not only further our understanding of the complex relationship between these important variables but also shed light on future oil prices. Granger causality test, impulse response function analysis, and variance decomposition analysis have been applied to variables in the model. The main finding is that oil price responds to changes in stock performance and money supply, stock performance is affected by both oil price and money supply, and changes in money supply can be explained by stock performance fluctuations. Such a relationship can help inform traders in e-commerce and investment banking to generate better predictions of future oil prices.
Zircon U–Pb ages of the Paleozoic volcaniclastic strata in the Junggar Basin, NW China
Authors: Chun Fan 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
A large set of Paleozoic volcaniclastic rocks is exposed in the northwestern margin of the Junggar Basin from the southern part of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt. The Carboniferous volcaniclastic strata in this area have been studied in depth, and an accurate chronostratigraphic framework of these strata has been established. However, there is a lack of sufficient geochronological data for the deposition times of the other Paleozoic volcaniclastic strata. In this study, zircon U–Pb dating of the Ordovician, Silurian, and Devonian volcaniclastic strata in the area reveals that the youngest age of the tuffite sample collected from the originally defined Ordovician strata is 398 ± 11 Ma, which represents the age of volcanic activity during the period of tuffite deposition. Based on this finding, the originally defined Ordovician strata are redefined as the Lower Devonian. The youngest ages of the silty tuff samples collected from the originally defined Silurian strata peak are 445–418 Ma, so its age is Upper Silurian. The youngest ages of the tuffaceous sandstone samples collected from the originally defined Devonian strata peak are 346–342 Ma, so these Devonian are redefined as the Early Carboniferous strata. Two Archean ages (2,501 ± 12 and 3,193 ± 8 Ma) were obtained in Silurian strata, thus confirming the existence of metamorphic rock basement in the provenance areas from which the sediments were derived.
Efficiency of green synthesised carbon nanotubes from Moringa oleifera leaf extract as potential toxic metals adsorbent in polluted water
Authors: Yahaya Mansur Ibrahim , Salihu Zara’u 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
Among the many drawbacks of the current wastewater treatment systems are their high energy consumption and creation of harmful sludge. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are advantageous for the treatment of water due to their strong adsorption capacity and selectivity towards various pollutants. Thus, creating methods for treating water by producing CNTs from Moringa oleifera leaf extract can greatly help with the clean water problem. The synthesised material’s Ultra Visible (260–385 nm), FTIR (764–3295 cm−1) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) characterizations have demonstrated their CNTs characteristics. The repeatability testing yielded the %RSD values for Ca = 0.4, Cu = 0.24, Mg = 0.9, Pb = 1.06 and Zn = 0.36 which suggest that the AES approach demonstrated a high degree of precision. The findings show that the quantity of recovered metals increases with retention period. Mg > Cu > Zn > Ca > Pb was the order of the metal adsorption capacity throughout retention durations of 3, 6, 24, and 48 h. As the initial concentrations of the components under research were doubled and tripled, so were the removal capacities of CNTs increased which may be as a result of an increase in metal ions in the solution. The outcomes show how well the synthetic CNTs can remove heavy metals from wastewater.
Eine fragmentierte Rüstungsindustrie – Europas strategischer Nachteil
Authors: Alvarez-Couceiro Paula 
Published: March 2024

Zusammenfassung
Die erneute Fokussierung auf Europas Verteidigung infolge des Ukraine-Kriegs eröffnet der Europäischen Union die Möglichkeit, ihren fragmentierten Verteidigungsindustriesektor umzustrukturieren, um so die Sicherheit all ihrer Mitglieder zu stärken. Die EU muss das empfindliche Gleichgewicht zwischen nationalen Interessen und dem Wohl der Union schützen. Diese sensible Balance hat häufig Spannungen verursacht. Seit Gründung der EU haben die Mitgliedstaaten ihre nationalen Sicherheitsangelegenheiten hintangestellt. Das hat nationale Verteidigungsindustrien hervorgebracht, die hauptsächlich Material für den inländischen Bedarf oder für Exporte in Nicht-EU-Länder produzieren, und zur Entwicklung verschiedener Waffensysteme geführt. Diese Fragmentierung hat die Effizienz und die Skaleneffekte der europäischen Verteidigungsindustrie verringert. Während die EU sich durch Initiativen wie Permanent Structured Cooperation um Zusammenarbeit bemüht, müssen nun die verschiedenen nationalen Sektoren stärker kooperieren, um die Herausforderungen des derzeitigen strategischen Umfelds bewältigen zu können. Die groß angelegte russische Invasion in der Ukraine hat erhebliche Schwachstellen im derzeitigen europäischen Verteidigungsindustriesystem aufgezeigt. Dazu gehören die Erschöpfung der Lagerbestände, die Vielzahl von Plattformen, die übermäßige Abhängigkeit von Importen bei kritischen Rohstoffen und Halbleitern sowie die zögerlichen Erhöhungen des Verteidigungshaushalts. Die EU muss sich auf eine gemeinsame Vision bei Bedrohungen und langfristigen Zielen einer geschlossenen Verteidigungspolitik einigen. Erst dann kann sie einen kollektiven Planungs- und Beschaffungsprozesses erarbeiten und so die Vielzahl doppelter und redundanter Systeme reduzieren.
Synthesis and characterization of (Pb1−x
Sr
x
)MnBO4: a structural and spectroscopic study
Authors: Uribe-Rincón Carla M. , Murshed Mohammad Mangir , Gesing Thorsten M. 
Published: March 2024

Abstract
The presence of ns
2 stereo-chemical active lone electron pairs (LEPs) causes asymmetric atomic environments around a given p-block cation, leading to change the crystal chemistry of a respective system. Here we report a series of mullite-type compounds to understand at what extend Sr2+ replaces the stereochemical active Pb2+ cation in (Pb1−x
Sr
x
)MnBO4. Each member of the solid solution has been synthesized by conventional solid-state method. The polycrystalline samples are characterized using X-ray powder diffraction followed by Rietveld refinement. Substitution of Pb2+ with Sr2+ leads to contraction of the a lattice parameter with slight elongation in the b and c direction. For a difference of 1 pm of the ionic radius between Sr2+ and Pb2+, the cell volume contracts about 4 % between the end members as the spatial requirement of the LEP activity in the MBO4
2− channels significantly decreases. Within the solid solution, two distinct Pb/Sr–O2 bond distances significantly differ, which gradually decreases with increasing strontium content leading to a more symmetric coordination around strontium. The calculated BVS of Pb2+/Sr2+ exhibits a linear correlation with the Wang–Liebau eccentricity parameter, indicating to an increased bonding ability cation. The vibrational properties are characterized by both Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, complementing the XPRD results. Electronic band gaps of selected (Pb1−x
Sr
x
)MnBO4 samples were obtained from diffuse reflectance spectroscopy data. Additionally, the Sr containing samples show higher thermal stability than the Pb containing counterparts.
Personal Hygiene dan Sanitasi Pabrik Serta Keberadaan Bakteri Coliform pada Air Rendaman Tahu
Authors: Wulandari Retno , Pawenang Eram Tunggul 
Published: March 2024

Abstrak
Hasil laporan studi pendahuluan yang dilakukan pada salah satu pabrik tahu di Kelurahan Sumurrejo berdasarkan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi yang dilakukan di UPTD Labkesda Kabupaten Semarang menunjukkan bahwa air rendaman tahu mengandung bakteri coliform yang melebihi batas ambang yaitu sebesar >1600 per 100 ml. Semakin tinggi tingkat bakteri coliform, maka semakin tinggi pula keberadaan patogen lain yang biasa hidup dalam kotoran manusia dan hewan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh gambaran terkait personal hygiene dan sanitasi pabrik tahu serta keberadaan bakteri coliform pada air rendaman tahu di pabrik tahu Kelurahan Sumurrrejo Gunungpati Kota Semarang. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di pabrik tahu Kelurahan Sumurrejo yang dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 s.d Januari. Jumlah sampel sejumlah 8 sampel diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Data dianalisis secara univariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa personal hygiene pengrajin tahu 100% dalam kategori baik, sanitasi bangunan 62,5% kategori buruk, 37,5% memiliki fasilitas sanitasi buruk, 87,5% memiliki sanitasi peralatan buruk. Hasil pemeriksaan mikrobiologi bakteri coliform pada air rendaman tahu menunjukkan 100% melebihi batas ambang.
Abstrac
The results of a preliminary study report conducted at one of the tofu factories in Sumurrejo Village based on microbiological examination conducted at the UPTD Labkesda Semarang Regency showed that tofu soaking water contained coliform bacteria that exceeded the threshold, which was > 1600 per 100 ml. The higher the level of coliform bacteria, the higher the presence of other pathogens that normally live in human and animal feces. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview regarding personal hygiene and sanitation of tofu factories and the presence of coliform bacteria in tofu soaking water at the tofu factory, Sumurrejo Village, Gunungpati, Semarang City. The type of research used is quantitative with a cross sectional approach. This research was conducted at the Sumurrejo Village tofu factory which was carried out from December 2022 to January. Total sample of 8 samples taken by total sampling technique. Data were analyzed univariately. The results showed that the personal hygiene of tofu craftsmen was 100% in the good category, building sanitation was 62.5% in the bad category, 37.5% had bad sanitation facilities, 87.5% had bad sanitation equipment. The results of microbiological examination of coliform bacteria in tofu soaking water showed 100% exceeding the threshold.
Ensuring uniformity of strength of fine-grained concrete based on modified composite cement
Authors: Shіshkina Aleхandra , Domnichev Andriy 
Published: March 2024

Insufficient determination of the effect of surface-active substances introduced in extremely low concentrations on the formation of the stability of the properties of fine-grained concrete based on composite Portland cements determined the feasibility of conducting research in this area. The studies investigated the influence of the modification of composite cement with water activated by the use of the hydrophilic hydration mechanism. It has been proven that these factors include the type and amount of applied water nano modifiers. The analysis of the study results confirmed that the introduction of water activated by the mechanism of hydrophilic hydration into concrete in extremely small doses significantly increases the rate of formation of concrete strength and reduces the coefficient of its variation. Owing to this, the strength of the resulting modified fine-grained concrete based on composite cement at the age of 3 days exceeds the strength of the similar concrete without additives by 300 %, and at the age of 27 days – by 25 %. At the same time, the coefficient of variation of strength has a minimum value at the optimal amount of nano additive – water modifier. This allows us to assert the effectiveness of the revealed mechanism of modification of composite cement. Thus, there are reasons to assert the possibility of targeted regulation of the processes of formation of a strong homogeneous structure of fine-grained concrete based on composite cement by using water activated by the mechanism of hydrophilic hydration
Development of a fuzzy logic model for predicting the quality of micro friction stir spot welding (µFSSW) using particle swarm optimization
Authors: Arsyad Hairul , Membala Semuel Boron , Widyianto Agus , Syahid Muhammad , Arma Lukmanul Hakim , Rudi Rudi , Mangngenre Saiful 
Published: March 2024

Micro Friction Stir Spot Welding (µFSSW) is crucial in microelectronics and precision manufacturing. It requires a comprehensive understanding of the complex connections between various parameters to achieve the highest quality welds. This study aims to improve the prediction of µFSSW weld quality by incorporating advanced optimization techniques. Fuzzy Logic Optimization is used to model uncertainties, and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is employed to fine-tune parameters for improved accuracy. The fuzzy logic system utilizes Gaussian functions as membership functions, organized with nine rule bases. The results clearly demonstrate that the fuzzy logic model greatly enhances accuracy when combined with Particle Swarm Optimization. The refined model improves precision for pin diameter, shoulder diameter, Thermo-Mechanically Affected Zone (TMAZ) area, and cross-tensile strength. The PSO-optimized model shows lower accuracy in predicting plunge depth and shear tensile strength. The ongoing decline in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values highlights the complexity of the results. The optimization significantly improves the model’s ability to predict specific weld quality metrics, as demonstrated by the pin diameter’s reduced RMSE value of 0.07. The collective results showcase an optimized Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) model adept at accurately predicting µFSSW weld quality, demonstrating adaptability across diverse conditions. The discernible increase in accuracy, reaching up to 76 % following the optimization of the fuzzy logic model with PSO, serves as a testament to the efficacy of the employed methodologies in advancing the precision and reliability of µFSSW weld quality predictions
A comparative analysis of gas-cooled fast reactor using heterogeneous core configurations with three and five fuel variations
Authors: Prasetya Fajri , Syarifah Ratna Dewi , Karomah Iklimatul , Aji Indarta Kuncoro , Trianti Nuri 
Published: March 2024

GFR or Gas-cooled Fast Reactor is one type of fast generation-IV that uses a very high cooling temperature. Thus, it is necessary to have the right reactor core design so that the power distribution of neutrons produced reaches a safe and even limit point. The use of a uniform (homogeneous) reactor core can produce peaking power. This is very avoidable because it will cause a reactor accident. In this study, researchers tried to compare the results of the analysis for two heterogeneous reactor core designs including the configuration of 3 fuel variations and 5 fuel variations using UN-PuN fuel. This study aims to determine the keff value produced by both types of fuel variations during 5 years of burn-up and determine the characteristics of neutron flux, fission rate, and fission product during 15 years of burn-up. This study was started by calculating the homogeneous and heterogeneous core of 3 and 5 fuel variations with neutron transport simulation involving OpenMC. The calculation results show that the heterogeneous core configuration of 5 fuel variations for the keff value is more optimal than 3 fuel variations, because it has the smallest excess reactivity value. The neutron flux and fission rate characteristics for 5 fuel variations are more evenly distributed when compared to 3 fuel variations to maintain neutron lifetime and reactor life in operation. Burn-up residual plutonium material and minor actinide waste for 5 fuel variations have less mass than 3 fuel variations. The results of neutronic analysis of GFR reactors with heterogeneous reactor core designs for 5 fuel variations are better in terms of reactor criticality, neutron power distribution, and waste produced. Finally, optimization of the UN-PuN fuel volume fraction of 60 % provides the optimal keff value