bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Modeling and measurement of glass transition temperatures of energetic and inert systems
Authors: Jaidann Mounir , Abou‐Rachid Hakima , Lafleur‐Lambert Xavier , Lussier Louis‐Simon , Gagnon Nicole , Brisson Josée 
Published: April 2008

AbstractIn this article, measurements of glass transition temperature (Tg) changes of two energetic material blend systems were carried out using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique. On one hand, experimental Tg values were compared to those predicted by the additivity model, Fox and Pochan equations, and, on other hand, to atomistic molecular dynamics simulation results performed in this work. The two blend systems studied were both composed of a polymer, either the inert hydroxyl‐terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) or the energetic polyglycidylazide (GAP), and smaller molecules, which acted as plasticizers, dioctyl adipate (DOA), or glycidylazide oligomers (Gp1). Modeling results show deviations from experimental data, which varied from 5 to 20 K over an absolute scale for pure components and blends. A good fit was found when predicting the effect of adding smaller molecules to HTPB. Simulations were particularly useful for the blend in which the glass transition temperature of one component, DOA, was not experimentally measurable, due to the high crystallinity of the small DOA molecule. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
Improvement of compression set property of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer/ethylene‐1‐butene copolymer/organoclay nanocomposite foams
Authors: Park Keun‐Wan , Kim Gue‐Hyun , Chowdhury Subhendu Ray 
Published: April 2008

AbstractTo chemically bond polymer and organoclay, low molecular weight trimethoxysilyl‐modified polybutadiene (Silane) was used in this study. When Silane was added, ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA)/ethylene‐1‐butene copolymer (EtBC)/methyl tallow bis‐2‐hydroxyethyl quaternary ammonium‐modified montmorillonite (OH‐MMT)/Silane foams with and without maleic anhydride grafted EtBC (EtBC‐g‐MAH) display lower compression set than EVA/EtBC foams. According to the compression set result, OH‐MMT is more effective in improvement of compression set than dimethyl dihydrogenated tallow quaternary ammonium‐modified montmorillonite (DM‐MMT) because in addition of OH groups in the organoclay surface, the OH groups of the alkylammonium ion existed in interlayer of OH‐MMT may react with silanol group of Silane. The possible chemical reactions between Silanol groups of Silane and the hydroxyl groups of OH‐MMT and DM‐MMT were proved by ATR‐FTIR experiments. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers.
A polarity‐activation strategy for the high incorporation of 1‐alkenes into functional copolymers via RAFT copolymerization
Authors: Ma Jun , Cheng Chong , Sun Guorong , Wooley Karen L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA new synthetic methodology for the preparation of copolymers having high incorporation of 1‐alkene together with multifunctionalities has been developed by polarity‐activated reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) copolymerization. This approach provides well‐defined alternating poly(1‐decene‐alt‐maleic anhydride), expanding the monomer types for living copolymerizations. Although neither 1‐decene (DE) nor maleic anhydride (MAn) has significant reactivity in RAFT homopolymerization, their copolymers have been synthesized by RAFT copolymerizations. The controlled characteristics of DE‐MAn copolymerizations were verified by increased copolymer molecular weights during the copolymerization process. Ternary copolymers of DE and MAn, with high conversion of DE, could be obtained by using additive amounts (5 mol %) of vinyl acetate or styrene (ST), demonstrating further enhanced monomer reactivities and complex chain structures. When ST was selected as the third monomer, copolymers with block structures were obtained, because of fast consumption of ST in the copolymerization. Moreover, a wide variety of well‐defined multifunctional copolymers were prepared by RAFT copolymerizations of various functional 1‐alkenes with MAn. For each copolymerization, gel permeation chromatography analysis showed that the resulting copolymer had well‐controlled Mn values and fairly low polydispersities (PDI = 1.3–1.4), and 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies indicated strong alternating tendency during copolymerization with high incorporation of 1‐alkene units, up to 50 mol %. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3488–3498, 2008
Does inhaling menthol affect nasal patency or cough?
Authors: Kenia Priti , Houghton Tom , Beardsmore Caroline 
Published: April 2008

AbstractObjectiveThere is widespread use of menthol in over‐the‐counter medications, despite scant information on any beneficial effects. Our aim was to assess the effect of menthol on nasal air flow, perception of nasal patency and cough challenge testing.Materials and MethodsSubjects comprised 42 healthy children aged 10 and 11 in a school setting. We used a single‐blind pseudo‐randomized cross‐over trial to compare the effect of an inhalation of either menthol or placebo(eucalyptus oil). Baseline and post‐intervention measurements were made on each of 2 consecutive days. Main outcome measures were (i) nasal expiratory and inspiratory flows and volumes, measured by spirometer, (ii) perception of nasal patency, assessed with a visual analogue scale (VAS), and (iii) the number of coughs in response to nebulized citric acid.ResultsThere was no effect of menthol on any of the spirometric measurements. Following menthol, there was a significant increase in the perception of nasal patency (mean difference in log VAS (menthol‐placebo) = −0.207, 95%CI −0.329, −0.085). The cough count after menthol inhalation was reduced when compared to baseline but the change was not different from that after placebo (mean difference in cough count (menthol‐placebo) = −1.71, 95%CI −4.11, 0.69).ConclusionMenthol has no effect on objective measures of flow but significantly increases the perception of nasal patency. It may not be possible to extrapolate these findings to younger children and those with rhinitis. Extending the study of menthol to these groups, including investigations of the efficacy and safety profiles, will provide further valuable evidence for its common use. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:532–537. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Lung function and bronchial responsiveness after Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in early childhood
Authors: Kjaer Birgitte B. , Jensen Jørgen S. , Nielsen Kim G. , Fomsgaard Anders , Böttiger Blenda , Dohn Birthe , Bisgaard Hans 
Published: April 2008

AbstractMycoplasma (M.) pneumoniae has been associated with exacerbation of symptoms in asthmatic school children and adults; and an etiological role in asthma has been suggested. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether infection with M. pneumoniae in early childhood has a long‐term influence on lung function and bronchial responsiveness. In a retrospective, clinical cohort‐study children younger than 5 years‐of‐age when PCR‐tested for M. pneumoniae were enrolled. Sixty‐five children with clinical symptoms suggesting infection with M. pneumoniae during an epidemic season completed a clinical follow‐up examination including lung function testing (28 PCR‐positive and 37 PCR‐negative). In addition to the PCR‐test for M. pneumoniae all respiratory tract specimens were additionally tested for other atypical bacteria and for viruses by PCR. Lung function was measured as specific airway resistance by whole‐body plethysmography and bronchial hyperresponsiveness was assessed by cold, dry air hyperventilation. Neither baseline lung function nor bronchial response to cold dry air hyperventilation differed between M. pneumoniae‐positive and ‐negative children: mean baseline lung function were 1.17 versus 1.21 (kPa sec), P = 0.45; and mean change in specific resistance was 13% versus 9%, P = 0.42. In conclusion, M. pneumoniae infection in early childhood was not associated with long‐term effects on lung function and bronchial hyperresponsiveness 2 years after infection. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:567–575. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Chronic wet cough: Protracted bronchitis, chronic suppurative lung disease and bronchiectasis
Authors: Chang A.B. , Redding G.J. , Everard M.L. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe role of persistent and recurrent bacterial infection of the conducting airways (endobronchial infection) in the causation of chronic respiratory symptoms, particularly chronic wet cough, has received very little attention over recent decades other than in the context of cystic fibrosis (CF). This is probably related (at least in part) to the (a) reduction in non‐CF bronchiectasis in affluent countries and, (b) intense focus on asthma. In addition failure to characterize endobronchial infections has led to under‐recognition and lack of research. The following article describes our current perspective of inter‐related endobronchial infections causing chronic wet cough; persistent bacterial bronchitis (PBB), chronic suppurative lung disease (CSLD) and bronchiectasis. In all three conditions, impaired muco‐ciliary clearance seems to be the common risk factor that provides organisms the opportunity to colonize the lower airway. Respiratory infections in early childhood would appear to be the most common initiating event but other conditions (e.g., tracheobronchomalacia, neuromuscular disease) increases the risk of bacterial colonization. Clinically these conditions overlap and the eventual diagnosis is evident only with further investigations and long term follow up. However whether these conditions are different conditions or reflect severity as part of a spectrum is yet to be determined. Also misdiagnosis of asthma is common and the diagnostic process is further complicated by the fact that the co‐existence of asthma is not uncommon. The principles of managing PBB, CSLD and bronchiectasis are the same. Further work is required to improve recognition, diagnosis and management of these causes of chronic wet cough in children. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2008; 43:519–531. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Vasculature‐targeted tumor necrosis factor‐alpha increases the therapeutic index of doxorubicin against prostate cancer
Authors: Bertilaccio Maria T.S. , Grioni Matteo , Sutherland Brent W. , Degl'Innocenti Elena , Freschi Massimo , Jachetti Elena , Greenberg Norman M. , Corti Angelo , Bellone Matteo 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBACKGROUNDPoor penetration and uneven distribution of doxorubicin in tumors limits the efficacy of this drug in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Aim of the study was to investigate whether pre‐treatment with NGR‐TNF, a tumor necrosis factor‐α derivative able to target tumor vessels and alter vessel permeability, increases the penetration and the efficacy of doxorubicin in pre‐clinical models of PC.METHODSWild type C57BL/6 mice bearing androgen‐independent TRAMP‐C1 PC and transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate (TRAMP) mice, which spontaneously develop PC and metastasis, were treated with repeated cycles of doxorubicin, administered either alone or following NGR‐TNF. Tumor growth and drug uptake by cancer cells was evaluated.RESULTSDoxorubicin as a single agent blocked the growth of TRAMP‐C1 cells in vitro but not in vivo. Pre‐treatment of mice bearing subcutaneous TRAMP‐C1 tumors with NGR‐TNF favored doxorubicin penetration into the tumor mass, and in both TRAMP‐C1 and TRAMP models significantly delayed tumor growth without increasing drug‐related toxicity.CONCLUSIONSPre‐treatment with NGR‐TNF significantly expanded the therapeutic index of doxorubicin in mouse models of hormone‐dependent and ‐independent PC. Prostate 68:1105–1115, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Linkage position and residue identification of disaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry and linear discriminant analysis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Brokman Steve M. , Fang Ning , Pohl Nicola L. , Yeung Edward S. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe discrimination of isomeric disaccharides with different linkage types and different monosaccharide residues – glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), and mannose (Man) at the non‐reducing end – was investigated with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). Conventional matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)‐MS has strong interference peaks from matrix ions in the low mass region (<500 Da). This greatly limits the application of MALDI‐MS for the analysis of small molecules such as saccharides. We solved this problem by using LDI with acidic fullerene matrix, which gives a very clean background in the low‐mass region. Disaccharides with different linkage types give different tandem mass spectral profiles from various cross‐ring fragmentation pathways. Disaccharides with the same linkage type but with three different kinds of monosaccharide residues bear the same fragmentation profiles. However, the relative ratios of the fragment ion intensities were found to be distinctly different among the three disaccharide isomers. By employing statistical tools such as LDA to classify the tandem mass spectra, disaccharide isomers with either different linkages or different monosaccharide residues were successfully classified. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Kirschner wire placement in scaphoid bones using fluoroscopic navigation: a cadaver study comparing conventional techniques with navigation
Authors: Liverneaux Philippe A. , Gherissi Anes , Stefanelli Matthieu Beustes 
Published: April 2008

AbstractBackgroundDuring scaphoid fixation, a pin guide is first inserted along the axis of the scaphoid, and then a cannulated screw is inserted around the pin guide. At least, the pinguide is removed. To verify the position of the pin guide, fluoroscopy is typically used, with the disadvantage of irradiation. Thus, it is impossible to visualize the pin guide in more than one view simultaneously. The goal of this study was to compare two pin guide placement techniques in scaphoid fixation: conventional (CF) vs. fluoroscopic navigation (FN).MethodsEleven upper limbs of cadavers were divided into two groups. The CF group included four scaphoids which were to be fixed with pin guide. The FN group included seven scaphoids which were to be fixed with the same technique under FN.ResultsThe accuracy of screw insertion in both groups does not differ. In the CF group, the X‐ray exposure time is four times higher. The total duration of the surgical procedure is slightly higher in the FN group.ConclusionsWe are of the opinion that FN could be applied in clinical practice and could offer significant benefits in the treatment of fixation of the scaphoid. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Selective use and spatial distribution of native and non‐native fish in wetland habitats
Authors: Cucherousset Julien , Carpentier Alexandre , Paillisson Jean‐Marc 
Published: April 2008

AbstractWetland habitats are crucial for many fish species as spawning, feeding or nursery areas, but the major factors that govern their use by fish are poorly identified. In the present study, we aim to investigate the selective use and the spatial distribution of native and non‐native fish species in different types of wetland habitats (grasslands and reed beds) in a large freshwater marsh (North Western France). The selective use was measured by comparing the community that uses wetland habitats to the total community of the marsh (sampled in the permanent aquatic habitats (canals) during the low water period). The spatial distribution was studied by analyzing the presence probability of fish in wetland habitats as a function of the distance from adjacent canals. All sampled wetland habitats were occupied by fish, and the fish community in wetland habitats was dominated by three native (Abramis brama, Scardinius erythrophthalmus and Anguilla anguilla) and three non‐native (Ameiurus melas, Gambusia holbrooki and Lepomis gibbosus) species. Species richness and total fish abundance differed between canals and wetland habitats as a consequence of a variable propensity to use wetland habitats by native (avoidance and preference) and non‐native (no preference) species. Non‐native species were also more abundant in reed beds than in grassland while no differences were observed for native species. Universally, the presence probability of fish always decreased in wetland habitats as the distance from the canals increased and only a narrow area, close to canals (50–80 m), was well used by fish. However, non‐native fish species used over greater distances in reed beds than in grasslands while no differences were observed for native species. Variable interpretations related to species tolerance, reproductive guilds or diet are proposed to understand the mechanisms that might explain the widespread success of non‐native species in this spatially varying environment. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression of astrocytic markers aquaporin 4 and connexin 43 is altered in brains of subjects with autism
Authors: Fatemi S. Hossein , Folsom Timothy D. , Reutiman Teri J. , Lee Susanne 
Published: April 2008

AbstractNeuroanatomical studies have revealed extensive structural brain abnormalities in subjects with autism. Recently, studies have provided evidence of neuroglial responses and neuroinflammation in autism. The current study investigated whether two astrocytic markers, aquaporin 4 and connexin 43, are altered in brains from subjects with autism. Postmortem brain tissues from Brodmann's Area 40 (BA40, parietal cortex), Brodmann's Area 9 (BA9, superior frontal cortex), and cerebella of subjects with autism and matched controls were subject to SDS‐PAGE and western blotting. Connexin 43 expression was increased significantly in BA9. Aquaporin 4 expression was decreased significantly in cerebellum. These data suggest that changes are apparent in markers for abnormal glial‐neuronal communication (connexin 43 and aquaporin 4) in brains of subjects with autism. Synapse 62:501–507, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The presence of consciousness in the absence of the cerebral cortex
Authors: Beshkar Majid 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHydranencephaly is a rare neurological condition in which the cerebral hemispheres are either absent or severely compromised. It is widely believed that children with hydranencephaly are not conscious; and therefore, are routinely classified into the diagnostic criteria of vegetative state. However, there are several pieces of behavioral evidence clearly indicating the presence of consciousness in such patients. Here, I review these behavioral evidence and argue how misclassification of these patients and assigning them a lack of consciousness have far‐reaching implications in terms of both clinical and theoretical neuroscience. Synapse 62:553–556, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A simple method for isolating disomic strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Zebrowski David C. , Kaback David B. 
Published: April 2008

AbstractA simple method to select disomic (N + 1) strains that should be applicable for almost any chromosome in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is presented. A diploid heterozygous for a KanMX knock‐out mutation in an essential gene is sporulated and viable geneticin (G418)‐resistant colonies selected. Disomic products of a missegregation or non‐disjunction event containing a copy of both the wild‐type essential gene and its complementary KanMX knock‐out allele make up most of the viable colonies. This method has been used to isolate disomic haploids for a variety of chromosomes. It is appropriately named MARV (for missegregation‐associated restoration of viability) and is easily adaptable to virtually any strain. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Induction of apoptosis in yeast by L‐amino acid oxidase from the Malayan pit viper Calloselasma rhodostoma
Authors: Ande Sudharsana Rao , Fussi Heike , Knauer Heide , Murkovic Michael , Ghisla Sandro , Fröhlich Kai‐Uwe , Macheroux Peter 
Published: April 2008

AbstractHere we report for the first time that L‐amino acid oxidase (LAAO), a major component of snake venom, induces apoptosis in yeast. The causative agent for induction of apoptosis has been shown to be hydrogen peroxide, produced by the enzymatic activity of LAAO. However, the addition of catalase, a specific hydrogen peroxide scavenger, does not prevent cell demise completely. Intriguingly, depletion of leucine from the medium by LAAO and the interaction of LAAO with yeast cells are shown to be the major factors responsible for cell demise in the presence of catalase. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Significance of 40Ar–39Ar encapsulation ages of metapelites from late Palaeozoic metamorphic complexes of Aysén, Chile
Authors: RAMÍREZ-SÁNCHEZ ELISA , DECKART KATJA , HERVÉ FRANCISCO 
Published: April 2008

AbstractThe ages obtained by the 40Ar–39Ar encapsulation technique (retention and total gas ages) on <2 μm fractions of five metapelites from the Eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex and two from the Chonos Metamorphic Complex allow discussion of the latest recorded metamorphic event in each zone. The Kübler Index (KI) of illite/muscovite (principal component of the metapelites) varies between 0.15° and 0.45° Δ°2θ, indicating regional variation from diagenetic to epizonal metamorphic grade. The 40Ar–39Ar encapsulation analyses reveal 39Ar loss varying between 21 and 25%, which shows a limited positive correlation with KI values. The obtained retention and total gas metapelite ages reflect distinct metamorphic conditions. Retention ages most probably indicate burial or regional metamorphic events without plutonic influence in the southern Eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex. Total gas ages reflect contact ages for metapelites close to intrusions in the northern and southern Eastern Andean Metamorphic Complex and in the Chonos Metamorphic Complex. The thermal overprinting of metapelites occurred in Early Cretaceous times at 130 Ma and 145 Ma and is related to the contact metamorphism of an emplacement pulse of the North Patagonian Batholith. Total gas metapelite ages obtained from the western belt of the Chonos Metamorphic Complex suggest a thermal event related to a distinct pulse of the North Patagonian Batholith.