bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Breed-related risk factors for canine parvovirus enteritis
Authors: Glickman Lawrence T. , Domanski Linda M. , Patronek Gary J. , Visintainer Ferdinand 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Case records of 305 dogs with canine parvovirus (cpv) enteritis, seen at the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania from July 1, 1981 to Aug 31, 1982, were selected on the basis of admitting diagnoses or signs of diarrhea and vomiting. The case records were subdivided into 3 diagnostic categories, based on final diagnoses and laboratory test results. There were 96 dogs with definite cpv enteritis, 139 with possible cpv enteritis, and 70 with unlikely cpv enteritis. These cases were then stratified by animal's age (≤6 months or >6 months) and specific hospital service (medicine or emergency). A control group was selected from all canine case records from the Veterinary Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania for conditions other than the criteria used in selecting the case group. Approximately 2 hospital patients were selected for each cpv enteritis case by frequency matching for hospital service and age.
The proportion of dogs with definite cpv enteritis that had each of the clinical signs that were studied was greater than that of dogs in the other cpv enteritis diagnostic categories. The overall survival rate for dogs with definite cpv enteritis was 64.0%; survival was not associated with any given clinical sign of disease. Odds ratios (or) for the risk of cpv enteritis were calculated for breeds with 3 or more dogs with definite cpv enteritis. The Doberman Pinschers (or = 3.1), Rottweilers (or = 6.0), and English Springer Spaniels (or = 8.1) had a significantly increased risk of cpv enteritis. When age- and sex-specific or were calculated, the immature (≤6 months) male Doberman Pinschers (or = 3.5) and Rottweilers (or = 7.7) and the mature female English Springer Spaniels (or = 42.2) had significantly increased risks of cpv enteritis. In a second analysis, breed-specific or were determined by comparing dogs with definite cpv enteritis to dogs with unlikely cpv enteritis. The Doberman Pinschers (or = 17.3), Rottweilers (or = 2.4), and English Springer Spaniels (or = 7.5) were at an increased risk of cpv enteritis, but the or was statistically significant only for the Doberman Pinschers. Doberman Pinschers were not more likely to develop leukopenia, and they did not have excess mortality when compared with all other purebred dogs.
Analysis of data from the nationwide Veterinary Medical Data Program indicated that Doberman Pinschers (or = 2.2) and Rottweilers (or = 5.6) had significantly increased risks of cpv enteritis. The consistency of results, using 2 separate internal control groups and 2 distinct data sources, identifies the existence of real differences in breed susceptibility to cpv enteritis.
Plasmapheresis in five dogs with systemic immune-mediated disease
Authors: Matus Robert E. , Gordon Bruce R. , Leifer Connie E. , Saal Stuart , Hurvitz Arthur I. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five dogs with signs referable to systemic immune-mediated disease, four with systemic lupus erythematosus, and one with probable lupus myopathy were treated with plasmapheresis in combination with low-dose immunosuppressive drug therapy. Previous treatment with conventional dosages of prednisone was not satisfactory and was associated with adverse side effects. Two dogs had short-term responses to combined therapy, and 3 dogs had sustained responses. Clinical remission was associated with normalization of serum complement levels and decreases in antinuclear antibody titers. Toxicosis potentially related to plasma component depletion was observed in 2 dogs. Acute clinical illness and disease states refractory to conventional immunosuppressive therapy should be considered indications for plasmapheresis.
Retropharyngeal infections in five horses
Authors: Todhunter R. J. , Brown C. M. , Stickle R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Five horses with retropharyngeal (rp) infections had clinical signs of dysphagia and/or dyspnea. Diagnosis was confirmed, using pharyngeal endoscopy and lateral radiography of the pharynx. One horse responded to surgical drainage of a rp abscess and was sound at light work. One horse responded to medical management after the site of infection was surgically explored. Two horses recovered after medical management; the rp abscess of 1 of these 2 horses ruptured spontaneously into the pharynx and the other horse became racing sound. The fifth horse remained dysphagie and had left laryngeal hemiplegia after medical treatment.
Effect of atrophic rhinitis on growth rate in Illinois swine herds
Authors: Bäckström L. , Hoefling D. C. , Morkoc A. C. , Cowart R. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Influence of atrophic rhinitis (ar) on mean daily weight gain (mdg) was studied in hogs randomly selected from 7 farrow-to-finish herds in Illinois. Herds were selected to obtain a wide range of clinical signs and lesions of the disease; thus, prevalence of clinical signs of ar in finishing hogs ranged from 0% to 20% among herds, and in hogs examined at slaughter the proportion of hogs with turbinate lesions ranged from 5% to 92%. None of the herds investigated had any obvious problems with pneumonia; nevertheless, hogs with moderate to severe pneumonic lesions were excluded from the study, to minimize any combined effect of ar and pneumonia.
In 3 herds, mdg in ar-free pigs was 15% to 18% better than in pigs with severe ar lesions. Prevalence of clinical signs ranged from 5% to 20%, and of turbinate lesions, from 66% to 92%. In 4 herds in which mdg appeared to be unaffected by ar, prevalence of clinical signs of the disease ranged from 0% to 5%, and of turbinate lesions, from 5% to 74%.
No consistent pattern of influence on ar lesions was found for bacterial infections, as determined by culturing of nasal swab specimens on MacConkey agar and blood agar.
Vitamin K treatment of sweet clover poisoning in calves
Authors: Alstad A. D. , Casper H. H. , Johnson L. J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Dicumarol poisoning was reproduced by feeding naturally spoiled, sweet clover hay, which contained a minimum of 90 ppm dicumarol. Vitamin K1 administered im was effective in treating the disease at dosages of 1.1, 2.2, and 3.3 mg/kg of body weight. Vitamin K3 treatment by various routes and dosages was ineffective.
Hemangiosarcoma in the cat: Retrospective evaluation of 31 surgical cases
Authors: Scavelli Thomas D. , Patnaik Amiya K. , Mehlhaff Cheryl J. , Hayes Audrey A. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Hemangiosarcoma was diagnosed in 31 cats. Diagnosis was confirmed by surgical biopsy. Locations of the primary tumors were the abdominal cavity (15 cats), sc tissue (13 cats), thoracic cavity (2 cats), and nasal cavity (1 cat). Nine (60%) of the 15 cats with abdominal hemangiosarcoma had extrathoracic evidence of metastasis: this was not found in the other cats. Of the cats with tumors located in the sc tissue, 6 of 10 (60%) evaluated on a long-term basis had local recurrence of the tumor. Eleven cats were not available for follow-up evaluation, 3 cats were euthanatized at the time of surgery, and 2 others were euthanatized within the first postoperative week subsequent to histologic diagnosis of hemangiosarcoma. Of the remaining 15 cats, 4 with abdominal hemangiosarcoma and 5 with hemangiosarcoma of the sc tissue died at means of 22 and 44 weeks, respectively.
Cardiac hemangiosarcoma in the dog: A review of 38 cases
Authors: Aronsohn Michael 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
During the period 1975 to 1984, a histopathologic diagnosis of primary cardiac hemangiosarcoma was made in 38 dogs at Angell Memorial Animal Hospital. The diagnosis was confirmed by exploratory thoracotomy in 16 cases and at necropsy in 22 cases. At the time of exploratory thoracotomy, 7 dogs were euthanatized because of nonresectability of the primary tumor and/or gross metastatic disease. In 9 dogs, the tumor was resected by removing part of the right atrium. Complications included atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and pneumonia. Prolonged and multiple hospitalizations were a common feature of the postoperative period. Adjuvant therapy was not utilized in any case. The mean survival time was 4 months (2 days to 8 months).
Efficacy of testing for illegal medication in horses
Authors: Woods W. E. , Chay Sylvia , Houston T. , Blake J. W. , Tobin Thomas 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy of testing for illegal drugs in race horses was surveyed by evaluating 27 questionnaires received from 28 racing jurisdictions polled. Large variations in the number of samples tested and drugs detected were reported. Some jurisdictions reported only illegal medications, whereas others also reported permitted medications. To facilitate comparison, stimulants, depressants, local anesthetics, narcotic analgesics, and tranquilizers were classified as hard drugs. Other drugs, which are legal in some jurisdictions, were classified as soft. To evaluate the efficacy of testing, positive test results were compared for hard drugs only.
Positive test results varied from zero in some jurisdictions for some years to 14.8/1,000 samples tested for one small jurisdiction in one year. The mean rates over the years 1975 to 1983 varied from 0.2 to 6.5/1,000, with a modal positive test result of about 1/1,000. Beside the fact that prerace blood testing is less effective than is postrace urine testing, no cause for these variations in the positive test results could be identified.
The positive test results also were compared for jurisdictions with differing medication rules for phenylbutazone (pbz). Jurisdictions that did not allow pbz had a mean positive test result for hard drugs of about 1.3 ± 0.9/1,000 samples tested. Jurisdictions that allowed more liberal use of pbz had a mean positive test result for hard drugs of about 1.3 ± 1.0/1,000 samples tested. Seemingly, the presence of pbz in equine forensic samples did not reduce the ability of forensic laboratories to detect the use of hard or illegal drugs.
Thyrotropin stimulation test—new perspective on value of monitoring triiodothyronine
Authors: Oliver Jack W. , Held J. P. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Thyrotropin (thyroid stimulating hormone; tsh) stimulus to thyroid cells of horses and dogs resulted in increased serum triiodothyronine (T3) concentrations that were detected earlier than those of thyroxine (T4). Doubling of the base-line T3 values in horses was detected 0.5 hours after injection of 5IU of tsh iv, with peak response of 5 times base-line value detected 2 hours after injection. Doubling of T4 values in horses was noticed between 2 and 3 hours, with the peak response of 2.4 times base-line value at 4 hours after injection of tsh. Doubling of base-line T3 values in dogs in response to 0.2 IU tsh/kg of body weight (iv-5 IU maximum dose) was noticed at 1 hour, whereas T4 response doubled between 1.5 and 2 hours. Peak release of T3 and T4 in response to tsh in dogs had not developed by 4 hours; however, the percentage increase over base-line values was greater for T3 than T4 at early sampling time points, and this response has resulted in an increased T3/T4 ratio in hypothyroid dogs. Thus, in both dogs and horses, these studies indicated that T3 response to tsh could be used as a measure of thyroid function at earlier time intervals after tsh administration than one measures T4 response.
The use of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in the bitch
Authors: Shille V. M. , Gontarek J. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Twenty-three Greyhound bitches housed at 3 breeding kennels were examined for pregnancy via transabdominal palpation and ultrasonography. Pregnancy was timed from the calculated day of ovulation (day of ovulation = day when first pup was whelped - 63), and from a single breeding date (day 0). Starting on day 10 after ovulation, 9 bitches were monitored every 3 days by ultrasonography only, to determine gestational vesicle sizes during gestation and the time when fetal movements and heartbeats could be first detected. The other 14 bitches were examined by ultrasonography and transabdominal palpation on the same day every week, starting on postovulation day 19, to compare the effectiveness of the 2 methods of pregnancy determination. Parturition was the final determinant of pregnancy status.
The earliest correct diagnosis of pregnancy was at 18 days after ovulation, but fetal movements and heartbeat could not be identified until days 28 and 35, respectively. Estimation of fetal numbers by ultrasound or palpation was not reliable when there were more than four in the litter. Pregnancy and nonpregnancy were correctly determined by both methods in an increasingly greater number of bitches as gestation progressed, but ultrasonography was more accurate at all stages; on days 19 to 22, 26 to 30, 34 to 38, and >40 after ovulation, correct diagnoses were made in 33%, 42%, 50%, and 75% of the bitches by palpation and in 42%, 67%, 75%, and 83% of the bitches by ultrasonography. The most common error was failure to detect pregnancy by palpation or ultrasonography in bitches with small litters and tense abdominal muscles. On days 27 to 34, 35 to 44, and 47 to 56 after ovulation, average gestational sac diameter ranged from 23 to 30, 25 to 49, and 46 to 89 mm, respectively. Fetal viability was detectable as soon as gestational vesicles were recognized and could be monitored at will, thereafter.
Effects of ambient temperature on the half-life and dosage regimen of amikacin in the gopher snake
Authors: Mader Douglas R. , Conzelman Gaylord M. , Baggot J. Desmond 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Eight gopher snakes were given amikacin (5 mg/kg of body weight im) and were housed at ambient temperatures of 25 C or 37 C. Snakes housed at 37 C had a larger volume of distribution, and a more rapid body clearance of amikacin while the apparent half-life was not changed significantly. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of amikacin against isolated snake pathogens were determined at both temperatures. Bacteria were twice as sensitive at 37 C than at 25 C. The data indicated that amikacin should be given im at a dose schedule of 5 mg/kg (loading dose) followed by 2.5 mg/kg every 72 hours, and that snakes should be housed near the high end of their preferred optimum ambient temperature during treatment.
Efficacy of clorsulon and albendazole against Fascioloides magna in naturally infected white-tailed deer
Authors: Foreyt W. J. , Drawe D. L. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The efficacy of clorsulon and of albendazole against Fascioloides magna were evaluated in 36 naturally infected white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in southern Texas. A single oral dose of clorsulon suspension (12 to 30 mg/kg of body weight; mean = 24 mg/kg) was given to each deer and killed 153 (92%) of 167 mature flukes and 4 (80%) of 5 immature flukes recovered at necropsy. A single oral dose of albendazole paste (17 to 46 mg/kg; mean = 26 mg/kg) was given to each deer and killed 148 (89%) of 167 mature flukes and 4 (67%) of 6 immature flukes recovered at necropsy. In 82 nontreated control deer, 271 live flukes were recovered; dead flukes were not recovered.
L7-S1 fixation-fusion for treatment of cauda equina compression in the dog
Authors: Slocum Barclay , Devine Theresa 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
The L7-S1 fixation-fusion technique for treatment of cauda equina compression was performed on 14 dogs, 13 of which were 6 years old or older, were severely lame, and had ventral bridging spondylitis at the L7-S1 vertebrae. One dog, 3 months old, had a congenital malformation of the L7 vertebra. The principles of the L7-S1 fusion technique were to expand the L7-S1 intervertebral foramina and spinal canal, remove pressure on the nerve roots, and provide stability to the L7-S1 vertebrae. This technique appeared to be applicable clinically for restoring normal function and activity to dogs with cauda equina compression.
Arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral fractures of the proximal phalanx of the metacarpophalangeal and metatarsophalangeal(fetlock) joints in horses
Authors: Yovich John V. , McIlwraith C. Wayne 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Arthroscopic surgery for osteochondral fractures of the proximal phalanx was performed on 74 fetlock joints of 63 horses for a total of 87 fractures during a 2-year period. The medial dorsal proximal aspect of the proximal phalanx of the forelimbs was most commonly involved (59 fractures), followed by the lateral aspect (26 fractures), and 2 fractures occurred in the fetlock joint of the right hindlimb. At surgery, 82 fragments were removed and 5 fragments that had healed or were embedded in the joint capsule were not removed. Of the fragments removed, 15 were fixed firmly to the proximal phalanx, 63 were easily movable by arthroscopic instruments (but had soft tissue attachments to the proximal phalanx), and 4 were floating free within the joint. Arthroscopic surgery allowed excellent visualization and appreciation of the attachments of fragments and their stage of healing. Horses returned to full race training at an average of 11½ weeks (range, 6 to 24 weeks). Thirty eight of 46 horses (82.6%) with adequate postoperative follow-up returned to athletic performance at least equal to that before fetlock injury.
Vertebral body abscesses in cattle: A review of five cases
Authors: Sherman David Μ. , Ames Trevor R. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Over a 4-year period, vertebral body abscess (vba) was diagnosed in 5 young cattle at the University of Minnesota, College of Veterinary Medicine. Review of these cases indicated that laboratory findings may not support a diagnosis of vba and that the most important basis for diagnosis of this condition is a thorough neurologic examination. In 4 cases, necropsy revealed abscesses in the lungs or thoracic cavity as well, suggesting that a history of pneumonia preceding paresis may favor the diagnosis of vba.
Allogeneic tooth transplantation in the dog
Authors: Runyon Caroline L. , Rigg Dale L. , Grier Ronald L. 
Published: February 2025

Summary
Allogeneic tooth transplantation was evaluated as a functional and aesthetic treatment for dental fracture in the dog. Of 7 dogs that received tooth transplants, 5 were research animals and 2 were clinical patients. Canine teeth were transplanted immediately after extraction in the research dogs. Endodontic therapy had been performed on the affected canine tooth of one clinical patient. The other clinical patient had bilateral maxillary canine fractures 2 months earlier.
One of the research dog transplants failed at 3 weeks as a result of improper surgical technique. Four of the research dogs had a solid implant for 18 months, after which time the dogs were euthanatized serially. All transplanted teeth were anchored firmly into the alveoli, but were nonviable. Root resorption, with bone replacement, was first noticed at 24 months.
The transplanted tooth in the first clinical patient remained functional for 3 months, after which time the tooth was fractured. The right canine transplant in the second clinical patient failed by 3 months, probably because of preexisting periapical inflammation. The left transplanted tooth remains stable at 38 months.
It was concluded that allogeneic tooth transplantation may have merit as a rapid and inexpensive method for replacement of fractured teeth in the dog. Function is compromised gradually as a result of root resorption and ankylosis, with tooth fracture likely to occur after 2 years.
Lethal acrodermatitis in Bull Terriers
Authors: Jezyk P. F. , Haskins M. E. , MacKay-Smith W. E. , Patterson D. F. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A lethal syndrome characterized clinically by growth retardation, progressive acrodermatitis, chronic pyoderma and paronychia, diarrhea, pneumonia, and abnormal behavior was observed in 17 related Bull Terrier pups. Median survival time was 7 months. Laboratory evaluation revealed non-degenerative neutrophilia, consistently low activities of serum alkaline phosphatase and alanine transaminase, and frequently, hypercholesterolemia. Lymphocyte blastogenic responses were decreased and there was dysgammaglobulinemia in pups in which quantitative studies of immunoglobulins were made. The mean of plasma zinc concentrations in 5 affected pups was significantly lower than the mean of age- and breed-matched controls. Pathologic findings included parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, and superficial bacterial infections of the skin. There was severe reduction of lymphocytes in T-lymphocyte areas of lymphoid tissue. Bronchopneumonia and dilatation of the cerebral ventricles were found in most affected pups. Family studies indicated that the syndrome is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait. In spite of its similarities to lethal trait A46 in Black Pied Danish cattle and acrodermatitis enteropathica in man, oral or parenteral treatment with zinc failed to ameliorate the clinical signs of the syndrome.
Gastroenterostomy for treatment of gastroduodenal ulcer disease in 14 foals
Authors: Campbell-Thompson Martha L. , Brown Murray P. , Slone Donnie E. , Merritt Alfred M. , Moll H. David , Levy Michel 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Gastroenterostomy was performed in 14 foals to treat gastric outflow obstruction caused by advanced gastroduodenal ulcer disease. The onset of excessive salivation and teeth grinding, without response to medical treatment, combined with endoscopic and radiographic evidence of gastric outflow obstruction, were indications for surgical intervention. Successful outcome in 5 foals was attributed to early diagnosis, patient stabilization, early surgical correction, and postoperative management including antibiotics and antiulcer medication.
Eradication of ovine progressive pneumonia from sheep flocks
Authors: Cutlip Randall C. , Lehmkuhl Howard D. 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
Two management methods for controlling ovine progressive pneumonia in sheep were evaluated. By a test and cull method, wherein seropositive sheep were culled from the flock, the causative virus was eradicated from a closed flock and controlled in an open flock. By an isolate-and-test method, wherein lambs were removed from infected ewes before nursing and reared in isolation, the virus was eradicated in 1 of 2 attempts to establish virus-free flocks. It was concluded that either method should be effective in controlling ovine progressive pneumonia. Results indicated that annual serologic monitoring of a virus-free flock would be necessary to ensure that the virus-free status is maintained.
Use of tears for diagnosis of feline leukemia virus infection
Authors: Hawkins Eleanor C. , Johnson Lorraine , Pedersen Niels C. , Winston Scott 
Published: February 2025

SUMMARY
A comparison was made of the use of serum, tears, and saliva for the detection of feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection in cats. Cotton swabs were used to collect saliva, and tear-test strips were used to collect tears. Specimens were analyzed by a commercially available elisa. Using a 10- to 15-minute specimen incubation period, FeLV was detected in 70% of the saliva specimens and in 73% of the tear specimens from viremic (serum-positive) cats. Feline leukemia virus antigen was not detected in saliva and tear specimens from serum-negative cats. The sensitivity of the tear assay was improved by increasing the incubation time to 24 hours. Tear strips could be airdried and stored at room temperature for up to 7 days without any appreciable loss of activity.
Client-owned and experimentally infected laboratory cats were tested for FeLV, using air-dried teartest strips and a 24-hour incubation period. Tears were positive (contained FeLV antigen) in 65 of 72 (90%) serum-positive cats and did not contain antigen in 46 of 46 (100%) serum-negative cats. Results of elisa obtained from serum and tears also were compared with results obtained from indirect fluorescent antibody testing of blood smears. Results of indirect fluorescent antibody and elisa compared favorably with each other and with the results of tear testing.