bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Antidepressant use and suicide prevention: a prescription database study in the region Friuli Venezia Giulia, Italy
Authors: Castelpietra G. , Morsanutto A. , Pascolo‐Fabrici E. , Isacsson G. 
Published: August 2008

Objective:  To investigate the possible impact of the increased use of antidepressants on suicide rates in the Italian region of Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG).Method:  Individual‐based data on antidepressants in FVG from 1997 to 2006 were obtained from the regional prescription database, and linked to data on suicide for the same period obtained from the regional health information system. Age and sex were considered.Results:  The number of users of antidepressants increased almost fivefold during the study period. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors accounted for 71% of the individual users in 2006. The number of defined daily doses (DDD) per patient increased almost sevenfold. In parallel, the suicide rate decreased by one‐third in men as well as in women, and in subjects under and over the age of 60 years.Conclusion:  Suicide rates in FVG have declined in agreement with the hypothesis that the use of antidepressants may prevent suicide.
Economic evaluation of posaconazole vs. standard azole prophylaxis in high risk neutropenic patients in the Netherlands
Authors: Stam Wiro B. , O’Sullivan Amy K. , Rijnders Bart , Lugtenburg Elly , Span Lambert F. R. , Janssen Jeroen J. W. M. , Jansen Jeroen P. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractBackground:  Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients experience prolonged neutropenia after treatment with intensive chemotherapy, leading to a high risk of invasive fungal infections (IFI). The present study evaluates the cost effectiveness of posaconazole vs. standard azoles for the prevention of IFIs in neutropenic patients in the Netherlands.Methods:  A decision‐tree model was developed using data from a randomized trial that compared posaconazole and standard azole (fluconazole or itraconazole) prophylaxis in neutropenic patients receiving remission–induction chemotherapy for AML/MDS (Cornely et al., N Engl J Med 2007;356:348–359). Following initiation of prophylaxis, clinical events are modeled with chance nodes reflecting probabilities of IFIs, IFI‐related death, and death from other causes. Patients surviving the prophylaxis are assumed to have a life expectancy according to the underlying condition. This allows translation of the trial outcomes to a lifetime horizon. Data on life expectancy, quality of life, medical resource consumption and costs were obtained from the literature. Model outcomes include cost per life year (LY) gained and cost per quality adjusted life year (QALY) gained.Results:  The total cost (treatment of breakthrough IFI + prophylaxis) for posaconazole amounted to €4412 (95% uncertainty interval €3403–€5666), which is −€183 (−€1985 to €1564) less than costs with standard azoles. Posaconazole prophylaxis resulted in 0.08 (0.02–0.15) QALYs gained in comparison with prophylaxis with standard azoles. Results from a probabilistic sensitivity analysis indicate that there is a 90% probability that the cost per QALY gained with posaconazole is below €20 000. Additional scenario analyzes with different assumptions confirmed these findings.Conclusion:  Given the underlying data and assumptions, the economic evaluation demonstrated that posaconazole prophylaxis is expected to be cost‐effective compared with fluconazole/itraconazole in neutropenic AML/MDS patients after intensive chemotherapy.
Iron homeostasis: new players, newer insights
Authors: Edison Eunice S. , Bajel Ashish , Chandy Mammen 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlthough iron is a relatively abundant element in the universe, it is estimated that more than 2 billion people worldwide suffer from iron deficiency anemia. Iron deficiency results in impaired production of iron‐containing proteins, the most prominent of which is hemoglobin. Cellular iron deficiency inhibits cell growth and subsequently leads to cell death. Hemochromatosis, an inherited disorder results in disproportionate absorption of iron and the extra iron builds up in tissues resulting in organ damage. As both iron deficiency and iron overload have adverse effects, cellular and systemic iron homeostasis is critically important. Recent advances in the field of iron metabolism have led to newer understanding of the pathways involved in iron homeostasis and the diseases which arise from alteration in the regulators. Although insight into this complex regulation of the proteins involved in iron homeostasis has been obtained mainly through animal studies, it is most likely that this knowledge can be directly extrapolated to humans.
On Voxel Based Iso‐Tumor‐Control Probability and Iso‐Complication Maps for Selective Boosting and Selective Avoidance Intensity‐Modulated Radiotherapy
Authors: Kim Y. , Tomé W. A. 
Published: August 2008

SummaryVoxel‐based iso‐tumor‐control probability (TCP) maps and iso‐Complication maps are proposed as a plan‐review tool especially for functional image‐guided intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) strategies such as selective boosting (dose painting) and conformal avoidance IMRT. The maps employ voxel‐based phenomenological biological dose–response models for target volumes and normal organs. Two IMRT strategies for prostate cancer, namely conventional uniform IMRT delivering an equivalent uniform dose (EUD) = 84 Gy to the entire planning target volume (PTV) and selective boosting delivering an EUD = 82 Gy to the entire PTV, are investigated, to illustrate the advantages of this approach over iso‐dose maps. Conventional uniform IMRT did yield a more uniform isodose map to the entire PTV while selective boosting did result in a non‐uniform isodose map. However, when employing voxel‐based iso‐TCP maps selective boosting exhibited a more uniform TCP map compared to what could be achieved using conventional uniform IMRT, which showed TCP cold spots in high‐risk tumor subvolumes despite delivering a higher EUD to the entire PTV. Voxel‐based iso‐Complication maps are presented for rectum and bladder, and their utilization for selective avoidance IMRT strategies are discussed. We believe as the need for functional image‐guided treatment planning grows, voxel‐based iso‐TCP and iso‐Complication maps will become an important tool to assess the integrity of such treatment plans.
Abnormal vessel morphology in boys born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection
Authors: Wikstrand Margareta Hök , Niklasson Aimon , Strömland Kerstin , Hellström Ann 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: Children born after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are at risk of preterm birth, low birth weight and perinatal morbidity which may predispose for diseases of the central nervous and vascular systems. Our aim was to investigate the ocular fundus morphology in children born after ICSI.Method: Children born after ICSI (n = 82) had ocular fundus photographs taken at the age of 5 years and results were compared with those of a control group (n = 203). The ocular fundus morphology with the central retinal vessels was evaluated by digital image analysis.Results: Children born after ICSI (n = 57) had abnormal retinal vascularization as evidenced by a lower number of vascular branching points compared with the control group (n = 181) (p = 0.0002). A gender difference was found whereby the ICSI boys (n = 35) had significantly fewer retinal branching points (median 24, range 19–29.5) compared with the control boys (median 27.5, range 20–37) (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Our findings showed that ICSI boys have abnormal vessel morphology as demonstrated by a reduced number of central retinal branching points. The difference still remained after elimination of factors earlier shown to be associated with a low number of vascular branching points, i.e. low birth weight and preterm, suggesting other mechanisms responsible for the low number of vascular branching points.
Long‐term non‐invasive positive airway pressure ventilation in infants
Authors: Markström Agneta , Sundell Kerstin , Stenberg Nader , Katz‐Salamon Miriam 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAim: To evaluate the clinical application of long‐term non‐invasive ventilation (NIV) in infants with life‐threatening ventilatory failure with regard to: diagnosis, age at initiation, indication for and duration of treatment, clinical outcome and mortality and adverse effects.Patients and methods: The medical records of 18 infants treated in a home setting during a 7‐year period were reviewed. The criteria for ventilatory support were: (a) transcutaneous partial pressures of carbon dioxide (TcPCO2) >6.5 kPa and oxygen (TcPO2) < 8.5 kPa and (b) decreased cough ability and/or recurrent chest infections.Results: The median age at initiation was 4 months (range 1–12). NIV was initiated because of hypoventilation in 12 infants and because of reduced cough ability and/or recurrent infections in six infants. Tracheotomy was eventually needed in two infants. The median duration of treatment was 24 months (range 1–84). NIV produced significant improvements, with median TcPCO2 falling from 9.9 to 6.1 kPa, and median TcPO2 rising from 9.8 to 11.1 kPa.Conclusion: NIV can be successfully and safely used in infants with prolonged life‐threatening ventilatory failure, potentially avoiding intubation and tracheotomy.
Diagnostic pitfalls in children with sleep disorders: two cases with hypersomnia
Authors: Yilmaz Kutluhan , Uyar Meral , Adaletli Hilal , Kilincaslan Ayse 
Published: August 2008

AbstractSleep disorders are common in children, yet several clinical pitfalls give rise to the unrecognition or improper management of those children. Here, we present diagnostic difficulties in two adolescents with narcolepsy and Kleine–Levin syndrome. The first patient was a 12‐year‐old girl who had been given Na‐valproate for nearly a year because hypersomnia was initially perceived as unconsciousness periods of epileptic spells, and later attributed to the antiepileptic drug. The other patient was a 14‐year‐old boy who had been managed as a specific psychiatric disorder for several months despite the characteristic symptoms of Kleine–Levin syndrome (hypersomnia, hyperphagia, hypersexuality, behavioural and cognitive dysfunction). Both cases emphasize that sleep disorders could be manifested with various clinics and that there are several diagnostic challenges in children.Conclusion: Sleep medicine needs to be given larger role in both training curriculum and post‐graduate education for paediatricians.
Relationships between soil microbial diversity and plant community structure in seminatural grasslands
Authors: Sugiyama Shu‐ichi , Zabed Hossain M. , Okubo Atsushi 
Published: August 2008

AbstractAlthough plants and soil biota have mutual functional links as producers and decomposers in terrestrial ecosystems, less is known about structural linkages between above‐ground and below‐ground communities. For this study, we examined whether plant species richness and soil microbial richness are related to each other, and how their richness is related to soil fertility and herbivore activity at 24 plots of the Shiriyazaki seminatural grassland in northern Japan. Prokaryote (bacterial) richness and eukaryote richness were evaluated by the band number of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using 16S and 18S ribosomal DNA fragments. Plant species richness was negatively related to soil nitrogen availability and phosphorus content. Prokaryote richness showed a negative correlation with soil phosphorus contents and no significant correlation with vegetation structure (height, richness and functional type composition). Eukaryote (mainly fungi) richness showed significant positive correlations with plant species richness, community height and forb species composition. These results suggest that bacterial richness is influenced by soil properties, whereas eukaryote richness is associated closely with vegetation structure.
On the detection of internal gravity waves in the solar photosphere
Authors: Stodilka M. I. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract
The distribution of temperature perturbations over the solar photosphere was reconstructed. The k - ω and phase filtering was applied to Fourier image of space–time variations of temperature in order to find the signatures of local internal gravity waves. Within the convectively stable photospheric layers, the structures have been identified featuring the following properties: quasi-periodicity in space (at scales of mesogranulation) and time, mostly horizontal propagation with subsonic velocities, the group velocity of and the wavepacket perpendicular to its phase velocity. Such properties are exactly those of internal gravity waves.
Database Ethnographies Using Social Science Methodologies to Enhance Data Analysis and Interpretation
Authors: Schuurman Nadine 
Published: August 2008

AbstractData are the basis for many decisions ranging from assessing credit applications, to determining societal risk of criminals to adjudicating grant applications. Data collection and use constitute social practices, yet once data are placed in tables, their social lineage is forgotten. Database ethnographies are a unique means of using insights from science and technology studies and practices from the social sciences to enhance data analysis. The goal of this methodology is to elicit information from data stewards about the data in multiple‐use databases in order to provide an archive that describes the context and meaning of the data at a particular point in time. This article provides a review of a composite literature that contributed to the concept and implementation of database ethnographies. In addition, it illustrates how database ethnographies contribute to more nuanced metadata and act as the basis for informed decision‐making involving data from multiple sources.
Time‐course Expression of DNA Repair‐related Genes in Hepatocytes of Zebrafish (Danio rerio) After UV‐B Exposure
Authors: Sandrini Juliana Z. , Trindade Gilma S. , Nery Luiz Eduardo M. , Marins Luis F. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the time‐course effects of UV‐B exposure on expression of genes involved in the DNA repair system of zebrafish (Danio rerio) hepatocytes, a highly competent species in terms of damage repair induced by UV radiation. For gene expression analysis (RT‐PCR), cells were exposed to 23.3 mJ cm−2 UV‐B, which was the dose that affected viable cell number (reduction of 30% when compared with the control group) and produced no visual alteration on cell morphology. The early response observed (6 h) showed induction in the expression of the CDKI gene (cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor) and genes related to DNA damage repair (mainly XPC and DDB2), while the late response observed (24 h) was more related to up‐regulation of p53 and genes involved in cell cycle arrest (gadd45a, cyclinG1). In all times analyzed, the anti‐apoptotic gene Bcl‐2 was down‐regulated. Another interesting result observed was the up‐regulation of the Apex‐1 gene after UV‐B exposure, which could indicate the induction of oxidative lesions in the DNA molecule. In conclusion, these results demonstrate an activation of the DNA repair system in hepatocytes of zebrafish exposed to UV‐B radiation, mainly involving the participation of p53.
Monitoring the Accumulation of Lipofuscin in Aging Murine Eyes by Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Authors: Mukherjee Prasun , Bose Sayantan , Hurd Alyse A. , Adhikary Ramkrishna , Schönenbrücher Holger , Hamir Amir N. , Richt Jürgen A. , Casey Thomas A. , Rasmussen Mark A. , Petrich Jacob W. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe integrated fluorescence of murine eyes is collected as a function of age. This fluorescence is attributed to pigments generally referred to as lipofuscin and is observed to increase with age. No difference in fluorescence intensity is observed between the eyes of males or females. This work provides a benchmark for further studies that are planned in order to use such signatures as markers of central nervous system (CNS) tissue or even of diseased CNS tissue and provides a basis for determining the age of a healthy animal.
The Photoreactions of Recombinant Phytochrome CphA from the Cyanobacterium Calothrix PCC7601: A Low‐Temperature UV–Vis and FTIR Study
Authors: Schwinté Pascale , Gärtner Wolfgang , Sharda Shivani , Mroginski Maria‐Andrea , Hildebrandt Peter , Siebert Friedrich 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe photoreactions of recombinant phytochrome CphA from cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. PCC7601 reconstituted with phycocyanobilin were investigated using UV–Vis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) difference spectroscopy, stabilizing intermediates at low temperature. The yield of the forward reaction strongly depends on temperature, unlike the backward reaction. Because of the very fast thermal relaxation processes in the Pr to Pfr pathway, no pure difference spectra of the Pr photoconversion products could be directly measured. Thus, the contribution of the Pfr:Pr pathway was taken into account by applying an appropriate correction procedure both in the UV–Vis and FTIR experiments. Three intermediates have been trapped at −25, −45 and −120°C, which show the characteristic vibrational band pattern of the plant phytochrome phyA intermediates meta‐Rc, meta‐Ra and lumi‐R, respectively. In the backward reaction, two intermediates corresponding to meta‐F and lumi‐F were trapped at −70 and −140°C, respectively. FTIR spectra of all intermediates, as well as of the Pfr state, show remarkable similarities with the corresponding spectra of Cph1 phytochrome from cyanobacterium Synechocystis and the 59 kDa N‐terminal fragment of Cph1, and, albeit not so pronounced, also with plant phyA. The spectral similarities and differences between the various phytochromes are discussed in terms of structural changes of the chromophore and the chromophore–protein interactions.
Sensitivity ofStaphylococcus aureusStrains to Broadband Visible Light
Authors: Lipovsky Anat , Nitzan Yeshayahu , Friedmann Harry , Lubart Rachel 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe phototoxic effect of illumination with broadband visible light on the viability of twoStaphylococcus aureusstrains was examined in the present study. A difference in the light sensitivity of the two strains was found. Illumination of the tested strains with a fluence rate of 180 J cm−2caused a reduction of up to 99.8% in the colony count of one of the strains (the “sensitive” strain). Illumination of the other strain (the “resistant” strain) resulted in a 55.5% reduction in viability. Proliferation of both strains was observed at low fluence rates of light. The phototoxic effect was found to be dependent on oxy radical production. The light‐sensitive strain produced higher amounts of hydroxyl and superoxide radicals than the “resistant” strain. Adaptation to oxidative stress was exhibited only by the “resistant” strain. The “sensitive” strain produced ten times more endogenous porphyrins and secreted almost nine times more porphyrins than the resistant strain. Furthermore, the “resistant” strain produced twice as many carotenoids that protect the strain from illumination than the “sensitive” strain. These results indicate that high intensities of visible light cause bacterial photoeradication, a reaction which may assist wound healing by killing the infecting bacteria. On the other hand, low intensities of white light were found to enhance bacterial proliferation and thus prolong wound infection.
Sensitivity of Erythemally Effective UV Irradiance and Daily Exposure to Temporal Variability in Total Ozone
Authors: Schmalwieser Alois W. , Erbertseder Thilo , Schauberger Günther , Weihs Philipp 
Published: August 2008

AbstractThe provision of information to the public about current levels of the erythemally effective UV radiation is an important issue in health care. The quality of promoted values is therefore of special importance. The atmospheric parameter which affects the erythemally effective UV radiation under clear sky most is the total ozone content of the atmosphere. In this paper we examined the sensitivity of the erythemally effective irradiance and daily radiant exposure to the temporal variability of total ozone on time scales from 1 to 15 days. The results show that the sensitivity is highest for the first 24 h. Larger time scales do not exhibit a similar influence. Total ozone measurements of the previous day may already cause uncertainties higher than 0.5 UV index (UVI) independent of the geolocation. For comparison, a temporal persistence of 15 days may cause uncertainties of 1.2 UVI at 50°N, 1 UVI at 30°S and less than 1 UVI at the equator. The results of this study allow finding the necessary temporal resolution of total ozone values when a certain accuracy for the UVI or for the purpose of sun protection is required. The results are compared with those of two preceding studies where we quantified the influence of measurement uncertainties and spatial total ozone variability to the erythemally effective irradiance at noon and to the daily dose. We conclude that temporal variability of total ozone is the most critical issue, but also measurement uncertainties do have a noticeable influence on the erythemally effective radiation.
Isolation and characterization of 12 polymorphic microsatellite markers in the tropical house gecko (Hemidactylus mabouia)
Authors: SHORT KRISTEN HARFMANN , PETREN KENNETH 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe present 12 variable microsatellite loci isolated from the invasive tropical house gecko, Hemidactylus mabouia. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were tested on 39 individuals from two locations in Miami, Florida. Heterozygote deficiency was detected for four loci, and we attribute this to possible null alleles or population substructure. Some loci successfully amplified PCR products in several congeners, indicating their potential for use in other geckos.
Polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for Daviesia triflora (Papilionaceae)
Authors: HE TIANHUA , KRAUSS SIEGFRIED L. , LAMONT BYRON B. 
Published: August 2008

AbstractWe developed 11 polymorphic microsatellite DNA markers for an Australian native plant, Daviesia triflora. The number of alleles per locus in 40 individuals varied from four to 19, and observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.450 to 0.925 and from 0.497 to 0.899, respectively. Nine loci showed no significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05), and null alleles appear to exist at loci DT‐A102 and DT‐B103. All loci showed independent inheritance.
Amplification of rainbow trout microsatellites in Brachymystax lenok
Authors: JIA Z. Y. , ZHANG Y. Y. , SHI L. Y. , BAI Q. L. , JIN S. B. , MOU Z. B. 
Published: August 2008

Abstract Brachymystax lenok is a cold freshwater fish accustomed to inhabit relatively high concentration of dissolved oxygen and clean upper streams. Here we present 13 polymorphic microsatellite primer pairs from rainbow trout to amplify in 32 B. lenok individuals from Ussuri River of China. The number of alleles ranged from two to seven with an average of 3.9 per locus. Observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.0625 to 0.9677. One locus showed significant deviation from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. These 13 loci will provide a good basis for investigation of B. lenok population structure and genetic diversity in different distribution region.