bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Heat Transfer in Sprayed Spouted Beds
Authors: Englart Sebastian , Kmiec Andrzej , Ludwinska Agnieszka 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAn experimental and theoretical study of the influence of various kind of beds, static bed height and ratio of mass flow of water to mass flow rate of gas on heat transfer coefficient was carried out. The results of the investigations were compared with literature correlations for predicting heat transfer in conical spouted beds. Moreover, a new correlation of dimensionless groups was developed for heat transfer during spraying spouted beds. Also, the model of Kmiec [Kmiec, “Bed Expansion and Heat and Mass Transfer in Fluidized Beds,” Sci. Pap. Inst. Chem. Eng. Heating Equip. Wroclaw Univ. Technol. 36, Monographs No. 19, Publishing House of Wroclaw University of Technology, Wroclaw, Poland, 1980a; Kmiec, Chem. Eng. J. 1980b;19,189–200] of particle circulation and heat transfer between spouting gas and particles was analyzed. The one‐dimensional mathematical models for solids flow in a spout and for heat transfer in a spouted bed analyzed here lead to differential equations which, solved numerically, give results in good agreement with experimental data.
Scale‐up strategy for the jetting fluidized bed using a CFD model based on two‐fluid theory
Authors: Wang Qicheng , Zhang Kai , Brandani Stefano , Jiang Jianchun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBased on a hydrodynamic two‐fluid model [Brandani and Zhang, Powder Technol. 2006; 163(1–2): 80–87], the scaling relations developed by Glicksman et al., are modified to improve the understanding of the scale‐up of jetting fluidized beds (JFBs). To estimate the ability of the proposed scaling rules to give similar results, simulations are conducted in CFX 4.4. We investigate in detail the effects of jet gas velocity on the scale‐up rule. The similarities of jet evolutions and time‐averaged radial viodage distributions are compared between large and small beds. The computational results confirm that the modified scaling rules are valid for JFBs when all dimensionless groups are matched between the prototype and large‐scale beds.
Chaotic characteristics of pressure fluctuations in a gas spouted bed
Authors: Xu Jian , Bao Xiaojun , Wei Weisheng , Bi Hsiaotao T. , Grace John R. , Lim C. Jim 
Published: March 2009

AbstractTime series of differential pressure fluctuation at various axial and radial positions were obtained at various positions of a spouted bed of 0.12 m ID for operating conditions under different flow regimes, and were analysed to give correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy. It has been found that both correlation dimension and Kolmogorov entropy can describe the flow structure of gas–solid two‐phase flow in different spouted bed flow regimes. Two correlation dimensions and two Kolmogorov entropies were obtained in the unstable spouting regimes, while only one correlation dimension and one Kolmogorov entropy were found for the stable spouting flow regimes.
Numerical simulation of a spouted bed with a draft tube with and without liquid spray
Authors: Li Tingwen , Pougatch Konstantin , Salcudean Martha , Grecov Dana 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNumerical simulations of the gas–solid flow in a flat‐based spouted bed with a draft tube (DTSB) are conducted with a Eulerian–Eulerian granular kinetic model. The hydrodynamics of the flow in DTSB is investigated and compared with published experimental data. The effect of the gas velocity on the particles circulation rate is evaluated, and parametric studies of the restitution coefficient are performed. In addition, several different frictional models are tested. A model for the liquid spray injection into a gas–solid flow is proposed and implemented into a commercial CFD solver, Fluent 6.3. The liquid spray introduced through the bottom nozzle is simulated, and the influence of spray rate on solids concentration and velocity inside the draft tube is examined.
Regional Pericarditis: A Review of the Pericardial Manifestations of Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Dorfman Todd A. , Aqel Raed 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRegional pericarditis has been described in several settings, but occurs most frequently after transmural myocardial infarction. While the diagnosis remains elusive, it must be considered in all patients with recurrent chest pain following acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Pericarditis classically presents with positional chest pain, a pericardial friction rub, diffuse ST‐segment elevation, and PR depression, but regional ECG changes associated with infarction‐associated pericarditis sometimes exist. Given the magnitude and frequency of AMI, it is imperative to be aware of the myriad of pericardial manifestations of myocardial injury. An illustrative case and a comprehensive review of the literature will be provided. Copyright © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Fragment‐based Identification of Hsp90 Inhibitors
Authors: Barker John J. , Barker Oliver , Boggio Roberto , Chauhan Viddhata , Cheng Robert K. Y. , Corden Vincent , Courtney Stephen M. , Edwards Neil , Falque Virginie M. , Fusar Fulvia , Gardiner Mihaly , Hamelin Estelle M. N. , Hesterkamp Thomas , Ichihara Osamu , Jones Richard S. , Mather Owen , Mercurio Ciro , Minucci Saverio , Montalbetti Christian A. G. N. , Müller Annett , Patel Deepti , Phillips Banu G. , Varasi Mario , Whittaker Mark , Winkler Dirk , Yarnold Christopher J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractHeat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) plays a key role in stress response and protection of the cell against the effects of mutation. Herein we report the identification of an Hsp90 inhibitor identified by fragment screening using a high‐concentration biochemical assay, as well as its optimisation by in silico searching coupled with a structure‐based drug design (SBDD) approach.magnified image
Toward portable nuclear magnetic resonance devices using atomic magnetometers
Authors: Yu Dindi , Garcia Nissa , Xu Shoujun 
Published: March 2009

AbstractThe motivation for developing alternative detection techniques for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to overcome some of the limitations associated with high‐field NMR/MRI instruments. The limitations include poor portability, cryogenic requirements, and high costs. To achieve this goal, a low magnetic field is preferred. Since the sensitivity of inductive detection for conventional NMR and MRI scales linearly with the magnetic field strength, it is not optimal for low‐field detection. In this contribution, we describe the concept of using atomic magnetometers as an alternative detection method. Atomic magnetometers possess an ultrahigh sensitivity that is independent of the magnetic field strength, which makes them viable for low‐field detection in NMR and MRI. We first introduce the principle of atomic magnetometry and follow this with a discussion of recent progress in the field. To compare the sensitivities of atomic magnetometers of diverse sizes, we define a signal‐to‐noise ratio for a fixed detection volume to normalize the sensitivity with regard to the cell size. We then focus on two coupling schemes for NMR and MRI detection using atomic magnetometers. Finally, we discuss the challenges involved in implementing this alternative detection technique for NMR and MRI. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Concepts Magn Reson Part A 34A: 124–132, 2009.
Analytical sensitivity of interpolatory quadrature in force‐based frame elements
Authors: Scott M. H. , Hamutçuoğlu O. M. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractRecent literature shows the choice of an integration method in the state determination of force‐based frame finite elements has a significant influence on the computed element response. To assess the modeling uncertainty associated with integration methods in force‐based elements, analytical sensitivity of one‐dimensional interpolatory quadrature is developed via direct differentiation of the governing Vandermonde equations. Comparisons with finite difference calculations show that the combination of the Vandermonde equation sensitivity with equations that govern force‐based element response sensitivity leads to an accurate approach to stand‐alone response sensitivity analysis. Consistent with previous findings for material, load, and geometric parameters in finite element response sensitivity analysis, sensitivity with respect to parameters associated with the integration method in force‐based elements improves the efficiency of gradient‐based algorithms where the locations and/or weights of the integration method are treated as uncertain random variables. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Computational and Variable‐Temperature Infrared Spectroscopic Studies on Carbon Monoxide Adsorption on Zeolite Ca‐A
Authors: Pulido Angeles , Nachtigall Petr , Rodríguez Delgado Montserrat , Otero Areán Carlos 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBridged Ca2+⋅⋅⋅CO⋅⋅⋅Ca2+ complexes are formed on dual‐cation sites, constituted by a pair of nearby Ca2+ cations, when CO is adsorbed on zeolite Ca‐A. Two types of such species can be formed, designated S2–S1 and S1–S1 (see picture). Ca2+⋅⋅⋅CO monocarbonyl species are also identified, and at a relatively high CO equilibrium pressure, dicarbonyl complexes can also form.magnified imageCarbon monoxide adsorption on LTA (Linde type 5A) zeolite Ca‐A is studied by using a combination of variable‐temperature infrared spectroscopy and computational methods involving periodic density functional calculations and the correlation between stretching frequency and bond length of adsorbed CO species ($\tilde \nu $CO/rCO correlation). Based on the agreement between calculated and experimental results, the main adsorption species can be identified as bridged Ca2+⋅⋅⋅CO⋅⋅⋅Ca2+ complexes formed on dual‐cation sites constituted by a pair of nearby Ca2+ cations. Two types of such species can be formed: One of them has the two Ca2+ ions located on six‐membered rings of the zeolite framework and is characterized by a CO stretching frequency in the range of 2174–2179 cm−1 and an adsorption enthalpy of −31 to −33 kJ mol−1, whereas the other bridged CO species is formed between a Ca2+ ion located on an eight‐membered ring and another one on a nearby six‐membered ring and is characterized by $\tilde \nu $CO in the range 2183–2188 cm−1 and an adsorption enthalpy of −46 to −50 kJ mol−1. Ca2+⋅⋅⋅CO monocarbonyl complexes are also identified, and at a relatively high CO equilibrium pressure, dicarbonyl species can also be formed.
Adiabatic Low‐Pass J Filters for Artifact Suppression in Heteronuclear NMR
Authors: Meier Sebastian , Benie Andrew J. , Duus Jens Ø. , Sørensen Ole W. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractNMR artifact purging: Modern NMR experiments depend on efficient coherence transfer pathways for their sensitivity and on suppression of undesired pathways leading to artifacts for their spectral clarity. A novel robust adiabatic element suppresses hard‐to‐get‐at artifacts (see picture).magnified image
A rapid flow cytometric screening test for X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease due to XIAP deficiency
Authors: Marsh Rebecca A. , Villanueva Joyce , Zhang Kejian , Snow Andrew L. , Su Helen C. , Madden Lisa , Mody Rajen , Kitchen Brenda , Marmer Dan , Jordan Michael B. , Risma Kimberly A. , Filipovich Alexandra H. , Bleesing Jack J. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractBackground:Deficiency of X‐linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), caused by BIRC4 gene mutations, is the second known cause of X‐linked lymphoproliferative disease (XLP), a rare primary immunodeficiency that often presents with life‐threatening hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Rapid diagnosis of the known genetic causes of HLH, including XIAP deficiency, facilitates the initiation of life‐saving treatment and preparation for allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Until now, a rapid screening test for XIAP deficiency has not been available.Methods:To develop a flow cytometric screening test for XIAP deficiency, we first used lymphoblastic cell lines generated from controls and patients with BIRC4 mutations to identify two commercially available antibodies specific for native intracellular XIAP. Next, we used these antibodies to study control whole blood leukocyte XIAP expression. We then studied XIAP expression in leukocytes from patients with XLP due to BIRC4 mutations, maternal carriers, and patients following HCT.Results:XIAP was expressed by the majority of all whole blood nucleated cells in normal controls. In contrast, XIAP was absent or decreased in all lymphocyte subsets, monocytes and granulocytes from four unrelated patients with XLP due to BIRC4 mutations. Bimodal distribution of XIAP expression was evident in two maternal carriers, with significant skewing toward cells expressing normal XIAP. Bimodal distribution was also observed in a patient following HCT.Conclusions:Flow cytometric analysis of intracellular XIAP provides a rapid screening test for XLP due to XIAP deficiency. It also allows carrier detection and can be used to monitor donor versus recipient reconstitution following HCT. © 2009 Clinical Cytometry Society
Pleural mesothelioma: An unusual case diagnosed on pleural fluid cytology and immunocytochemistry
Authors: Arora Vinod K. , Aggarwal Seema , Mathur Sandeep , Rath G. K. , Julka P. K. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractMesothelioma is a rare neoplasm with relationship to occupational and environmental exposure to asbestos. Its accurate and early diagnosis is often difficult. We present an unusual clinical presentation and diagnostic dilemma in a 30‐year‐male, who presented with neck pain and diffuse edema of left upper limb. The color Doppler ultrasound revealed venous thrombosis. The right supraclavicular lymph node biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated carcinoma. The patient had mild bilateral pleural effusion, the characteristic cytomorphological features of mesothelioma on fluid cytology were helpful in establishing the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cloning and spatiotemporal expression of zebrafish neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 6 and alpha 4 subunit RNAs
Authors: Ackerman Kristin M. , Nakkula Robin , Zirger Jeffrey M. , Beattie Christine E. , Boyd R. Thomas 
Published: March 2009

AbstractAcetylcholine plays an important role in regulation of nervous system development and function. We are developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system to study the role of specific neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subtypes in development and the effects of nicotine on the developing vertebrate nervous system. We previously characterized the expression of several zebrafish nAChR subunits. To further develop the zebrafish model, here we report a study on the molecular characterization of two additional nAChR subunit genes, designatedchrna6andchrna4. Both zebrafish nAChRs have a high degree of sequence identity to nAChRs expressed in a variety of mammalian species. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to show that both nAChR subunit RNAs were expressed early in zebrafish development, with thechrna4transcript present at 3 hours postfertilization (hpf) and thechrna6RNA present at 10 hpf. In situ hybridization was used to localizechrna6andchrna4RNA expression in 24, 48, 72, and 96 hpf zebrafish. Thechrna6andchrna4RNAs were each expressed in a unique pattern, which changed during development. At various ages,chrna6was expressed in Rohon‐Beard sensory neurons, trigeminal ganglion, retina, and the pineal gland. Most notably,chrna6was expressed in catecholaminergic neurons in the midbrain, but was also present in noncatecholaminergic cells in both midbrain and hindbrain. The expression ofchrna6RNA in catecholaminergic cells supports the use of zebrafish as a valid model system to better understand the molecular basis of cholinergic regulation of dopaminergic signaling and the role of α6‐containing nAChRs in Parkinson's disease. The most notablechrna4expression was in neural crest cells at 24 hpf and reticulospinal neurons in hindbrain at 48 hpf.chrna4RNA exhibited a widespread and robust expression pattern in the midbrain in 72 hpf and 96 hpf zebrafish. Developmental Dynamics 238:980–992, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ex vivo magnetofection: A novel strategy for the study of gene function in mouse organogenesis
Authors: Svingen Terje , Wilhelm Dagmar , Combes Alexander N. , Hosking Brett , Harley Vincent R. , Sinclair Andrew H. , Koopman Peter 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGene function during mouse development is often studied through the production and analysis of transgenic and knockout models. However, these techniques are time‐ and resource‐consuming, and require specialized equipment and expertise. We have established a new protocol for functional studies that combines organ culture of explanted fetal tissues with microinjection and magnetically induced transfection (“magnetofection”) of gene expression constructs. As proof‐of‐principle, we magnetofected cDNA constructs into genital ridge tissue as a means of gain‐of‐function analysis, and shRNA constructs for loss‐of‐function analysis. Ectopic expression of Sry induced female‐to‐male sex‐reversal, whereas knockdown of Sox9 expression caused male‐to‐female sex‐reversal, consistent with the known functions of these genes. Furthermore, ectopic expression of Tmem184a, a gene of unknown function, in female genital ridges, resulted in failure of gonocytes to enter meiosis. This technique will likely be applicable to the study of gene function in a broader range of developing organs and tissues. Developmental Dynamics 238:956–964, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Free surface Stokes flows obstructed by multiple obstacles
Authors: Baxter S. J. , Power H. , Cliffe K. A. , Hibberd S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractGravity‐driven Stokes flow down an inclined plane over and around multiple obstacles is considered. The flow problem is formulated in terms of a boundary integral equation and solved using the boundary element method. A Hermitian radial basis function (RBF) is used for the interpolation of the free surface, generation of the unit normal and curvature, and to prescribe the far‐field conditions. For flow over an obstacle, hemispheres are taken. For flow around an obstacle, circular cylinders are modelled and the contact angle condition on the obstacle/free surface intersection specified using the RBF formulation. Explicit profiles are produced for flow over and around two obstacles placed in various locations relative to one another. Interaction due to two obstacles is given by comparisons made with the profiles for flow over and around individual obstacles. In general, when the obstacles are separated by a sufficiently large distance the flow profiles are identical to a single obstacle analysis. For flow over and around two obstacles in‐line with the incident flow, effects of the governing parameters are examined, with variations in plane inclination angle, Bond number, obstacle size, and in the case of obstacles intersecting the free surface, static contact angle is considered. Finally flows over and around three obstacles are modelled. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Numerical modelling of rotating tangential layers (jets) in shells under strong uniform magnetic field
Authors: Fidaros D. K. , Bühler L. , Grecos A. P. , Vlachos N. S. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractA numerical study of tangential layers in steady‐state magnetohydrodynamic rotating flows is presented using CFD to solve the inductionless governing equations. The analysis considers two basic flow configurations. In the first, a fluid is enclosed in a cylinder with electrically perfect conducting walls and the flow is driven by a small rotating, conducting disk. In the second, a flow is considered in a spherical shell with an inner rotating sphere. The fluid in both cases is subjected to an external axial uniform magnetic field. The results show that these flows exhibit two different types of flow cores separated from each other by a tangential layer parallel to the axis of rotation. The inner core follows a solid‐body rotation while the outer is quasistagnant. A counter‐rotating jet is developed in the tangential layer between the cores. The characteristics of the tangential layer and the properties of the meridional motion are determined for a wide range of Hartmann numbers. Distributions of angular velocity of circumferential flow and electric potential are obtained and the results are compared with those of analytic methods. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The COMT Val158Met polymorphism and cognition in depressed and nondepressed older adults
Authors: Potter G. G. , Taylor W. D. , McQuoid D. R. , Steffens D. C. , Welsh‐Bohmer K. A. , Krishnan K. R. R. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractObjectiveThe objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between the COMT Val158Met polymorphism and neuropsychological performance in depressed and nondepressed older adults.MethodsOne hundred and twenty‐six clinically depressed older adults and 105 nondepressed comparison participants were compared on neuropsychological performance and COMT Val158Met (Val/Val, Val/Met, Met/Met).ResultsBased on multivariate regression models, the COMT Val158Met polymorphism was not associated with cognitive performance among depressed or nondepressed individuals, nor did this polymorphism account for the fact that depressed individuals performed worse than nondepressed individuals on several neuropsychological tests that are typically affected by depression. There was also no difference in frequency of the COMT Val158Met alleles between depressed and nondepressed individuals.ConclusionsAlthough the current study found no association between COMT Val158Met polymorphism on a number of clinical neuropsychological tests that are typically found to be sensitive to depression, differential effects of the COMT Val158Met polymorphism on dopamine transmission in psychiatric and non‐psychiatric populations may be further clarified by clinical research with neuroscience‐based paradigms that segregate cognitive tasks into component processes with precise neural substrates, particularly with respect to the complex functions of the prefrontal cortex. Negative results can be important to narrowing down target processes and understanding the influence of clinical and demographic characteristics in studies of psychiatric genetics. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Erratum: The choices, choosing model of quality of life: description and rationale
Authors: Gurland Barry J. , Gurland Roni V. 
Published: March 2009

AbstractInternational Journal of Geriatic Psychiatry 2009; 24: 90–95
DOI: 10.1002/gps.2110If has come to our attention that this Research Article was published with an incorrect SUMMARY. We now publish below, the entire SUMMARY as first intended.