bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
RETINAL DETACHMENT FOLLOWING Nd: YAG CAPSULOTOMY
Authors: AMBLER JOHN S. , CONSTABLE IAN J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn a retrospective study of 862 patients undergoing Nd: YAG capsulotomy for secondary posterior capsule opacification after extracapsular cataract surgery, the prevalence of retinal detachment was found to be 1.4% with minimum follow‐up of six months. Thirty‐eight per cent of these detachments occurred within the first two months and 69% occurred within the first six months following capsulotomy. The increase in the prevalence of retinal detachment following Nd: YAG capsulotomy is most likely due to changes in the vitreous which occur when the posterior capsule is no longer intact.
COMPLICATED STRABISMUS AND ADJUSTABLE SUTURES
Authors: PRATT‐JOHNSON J. A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractClinical experience in performing over 500 adjustable strabismus operations is mentioned in this paper particularly as it relates to complicated strabismus. A maximum hang‐loose recession of a rectus muscle has a limited effect, which is tabulated and the implications discussed. Aids in finding the lost medial rectus muscle are mentioned. Adjustable sutures are then exploited in managing the found “lost” medial rectus. Adjustable recession of both vertical recti in the affected eye were used in some cases of blow‐out fracture to manage limitations of upward and downward gaze. Adjustable recession of both yoke medial recti are used in some unilateral superior oblique palsies where the main sequela is hypertropia in downward gaze only. A previously paralysed lateral rectus muscle, which has completely recovered function but has left the patient with a concomitant esotropia with full ductions and normal versions, responds excessively to resection. This should be taken into consideration when planning adjustable strabismus surgery in such a case.
PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE
Authors: MOORE MAX C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn the last 5 years there has been an extraordinary increase in negligence actions against South Australian ophthalmologists. This paper considers the reasons, in particular those changes in the interpretation of the law which have made doctors vulnerable. Medical practice needs to be modified if doctors, especially surgeons, are to protect themselves, but the appropriate changes may not be in patients' best interests. The law of negligence is said to be on the brink of collapse and the Australian situation offers an interesting contrast to New Zealand's no‐fault accident insurance scheme.
Postural drainage in the management of postoperative hyphaema
Authors: Thomas Ravi , Painter Geoffrey , Billson Frank A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe describe the technique of postural drainage of hyphaemas following trabeculectomy alone or when combined with lens extraction and intraocular lens implantation. This technique helps avoid surgical intervention and seems to have no short‐term deleterious effect on bleb function.
Episcleral plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma
Authors: Giblin Michael E. , Shields Jerry A. , Augsburger James J. , Brady Luther W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe use of radioactive Iodine, Ruthenium, Iridium and Cobalt plaques of varying dimensions to treat choroidal and ciliochoroidal melanomas is discussed and placed in perspective with other treatment modalities. The regression pattern following plaque treatment appears to be more rapid for tumours that are more poorly differentiated. The visual results following plaque brachytherapy compare very favourably with those following local resection and external beam radiation. Ocular complications are significantly greater for tumours whose initial thickness exceeds 8 mm. The survival rater after plaque treatment is compared with that for patients who have had primary enucleation for equivalent‐sized tumours.
Transcleral ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens implants
Authors: Agapitos Peter J. , Lindstrom Richard L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractWe present our results of transcleral ciliary sulcus fixation of posterior chamber intraocular lens implants (IOL) in IOL exchange cases, secondary implants, and complicated cataract extractions. Follow‐up data are presented on a total of 19 patients. The technique is facilitated by using a long needle attaching 10–0 prolene suture to both haptics of an all polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) posterior chamber intraocular lens implant (PCL). Our early results show that the procedure is safe and predictable.
Neodymium: YAG laser vitreolysis for treatment and prophylaxis of cystoid macular oedema
Authors: Tchah Hungwon , Rosenberg Mike , Larson Rhondi S. , Lindstrom Richard L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEighteen eyes with vitreous strands adherent to the corneoscleral wound of previous cataract surgery were treated with neodymium: YAG laser to achieve vitreolysis. Twelve eyes were treated for management of cystoid macular oedema (CMO group) and six eyes were treated for prophylaxis of possible CMO (prophylactic group). In the CMO group, visual acuity improved two or more Snellen lines in 10 eyes (83.3%) and seven eyes had a post–laser visual acuity of 20/40 or better (one eye had a pre–treatment visual acuity of 20/40 or better). In the prophylactic group, visual acuity was either maintained at the pre–treatment level or improved in five eyes (83.3%) eighteen months after laser treatment. This procedure was complicated by retinal detachment in one case and elevation of intraocular pressure over 10 mmHg in another case.
The place of trabeculectomy in the management of primary open‐angle glaucoma and factors favouring success
Authors: Thomas Ravi , Billson Frank 
Published: November 2007

AbstractMedical treatment has always been the mainstay in the management of primary open‐angle glaucoma (POAG). Surgical intervention has been reserved for cases with intraocular pressures uncontrolled on medical therapy and/or progression of visual field loss. Following the introduction of trabeculectomy, there was a move toward earlier surgery in POAG with some advocating it as a primary procedure. However, others have emphasised the cornplications and unpredictability of trabeculectomy and use it only as a last resort. In this article the literature is reviewed and the factors that prevent complications and help ensure a successful result in trabeculectomy are considered. While the role of trabeculectomy as a primary procedure in POAG is debatable, the authors favour earlier surgical intervention rather than using surgery as a last resort.
Paediatric aphakic epikeratoplasty: early Australian experience
Authors: Collie Donald M. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEpikeratoplasty has been performed on eight eyes of seven patients by one surgeon in Melbourne since March 1988. All cases were contact lens or spectacle intolerant. Standard surgical techniques utilising donor lenticules imported from the United States and including an annular keratectomy were employed for the procedure. An eight‐month followup is availabe for the first two cases, aged two and 10 years. The elder of these children has achieved corrected acuity of 6/9 in each eye. Refractive and early visual acuity results are presented for the five other cases which have at least two months of followup. The results indicate that in appropriately selected patients, epikeratoplasty offers a safe, effective modality for visual restoration and development in otherwise untreatable aphakic children.
Glaucoma and its relationship to intraocular lens implantation
Authors: Obstbaum Stephen A. , Orlando Fred 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe management of glaucoma and cataract is a complex subject that has remained controversial until recently. Extracapsular cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation has made the procedure safe to perform in most eyes with glaucoma controlled medically, by laser trabeculoplasty or after filtering surgery. This paper will review the literature to establish rational guidelines for this particular group of patients.
A modified combined indirect ophthalmoscope and illuminated magnifying loupes
Authors: Leung Kam W. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA modified combined indirect ophthalmoscope and magnifying loupes with illumination was made by mounting a pair of Zeiss loupes below the SOLA indirect ophthalmoscope eye‐piece. A beam‐splitter, which was made of a piece of ordinary microscopic glass slide, splits a secondary light beam off from the original light source of the indirect ophthalmoscope at an angle of ˜15° to provide additional illumination for the magnifying loupes. The optics involved was discussed.
Intralenticular abscess
Authors: Moore David C. 
Published: November 2007

Abstractlntralenticular abscess is an uncommon complication of surgery or trauma. A case of intralenticular abscess following penetrating trauma is presented. In this case, the offending organism was identified as Propionibacterium acnes. This organism is considered to be a cause of slowly progressing endophthalmitis and has been implicated as a cause of the so‐called toxic lens syndrome.
Cavernous haemangiomas of the orbit
Authors: McNab Alan A , Wright John E 
Published: November 2007

AbstractCavernous haemangiomas are well circumscribed vascular masses which commonly occur in middle‐aged women. The majority occur within the muscle cone lateral to the optic nerve and produce a slowly progressive and painless proptosis. Predilection for sites lateral to the optic nerve may be related to origin from arterial rather than venous elements. Complete excision is usually possible and surgical morbidity is low. A series of 85 consecutive cases is reported.
Eccentric photorefraction: improving the predictive value and yield in detection of refractive errors
Authors: Dortmans Renus J , McKenny Brian S. , Gole Glen A 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEccentric photorefraction (EPR) is a simple photographic technique for detecting amblyopiogenic conditions. Previous EPR studies to detect refractive errors (RE) have demonstrated high sensitivity but poor predictive value. We have established new criteria for detecting RE involving quantifying retinoscopic reflex crescent widths, thereby achieving 67% predictive value with 100% sensitivity for detecting RE ≥+ 3.5 D in a clinical study of 69 children.Optical analysis of EPR shows that anticrescent width (light crescent‐free portion of the pupil) is independent of pupil diameter. Quantifying anti‐crescent widths in the above clinical trial increased the predictive value to 85%.Schematic eye and human eye EPR studies verify the theoretical prediction that similar ability to detect refractive errors is maintained when the working distance and eccentricity (distance of light source from lens edge) are reduced.These improvements in EPR reduce its cost and improve its yield; both are essential for its introduction as an acceptable community screening tool.
Ivermectin treatment of onchocerciasis
Authors: Taylor Hugh R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIvermectin is a recently developed macrocyclic lactone that has. widespread antiparasitic activity. A series of clinical trials has shown that ivermectin is safe and effective in the treatment of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus. Although it is rapidly microfilaricidal, it does not cause a severe reaction as is seen with diethylcarbamazine treatment. The drug also temporarily interrupts production of micrdfilaria but has no known long‐lasting effects on the adult worms. In patients with onchocerciasis, a single oral dose of ivermectin (150 μg/kg) repeated once a year leads to a marked reduction in skin microfilaria counts and ocular involvement. At this dose, ivermectin causes minimal side effects and appears to be sufficiently free of severe adverse reactions to be used on a mass scale. Its use promises to revolutionise the treatment of onchocerciasis.
Small‐incision cataract surgery using the Perrin intraocular cataract scissors and forceps
Authors: Perrin Russell 
Published: November 2007

AbstractAn original operative technique for performing extracapsular cataract extraction through a small incision is described. The technique is both inexpensive and simple to perform. Intraocular cataract scissors are used to bisect the nucleus of the cataractous lens, and each of the halves of the bisected nucleus is removed with intraocular cataract forceps. Both the scissors and the forceps have been specifically designed for this task. The incision size of 7.5 mm allows insertion of currently available intraocular lenses. During the procedure viscoelastic is used to protect intraocular structures, in particular the corneal endothelium and the posterior capsule.
Donor cornea procurement: six‐year review of the role of the eye bank in South Australia
Authors: PhD K. A. Williams , BSc(Hons) M. A. White , BSc(Hons) P. R. Badenoch , SRN T. R. Wedding , SRN S. J. Alfrich , Sawyer M. A. , Noack L. M. , BSc(Hons) E. W. Johnstone , Zilm G. , FRACO D. J. Coster 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe Lions Eye Bank of South Australia was established six years ago and has collected corneas from 790 donors. The consent rate is currently 82% of requests made. Two‐thirds of donors have been male, with mean donor age/year varying from 54 to 64 years (range two to 93 years). Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, trauma and haemorrhage account for 80% of all donor deaths. Mean death to enucleation time is five hours. Corneas assessed as being of excellent or very good quality are released preferentially from the bank; those with central endothelial cell counts of less than 1500 cells/mm2 are discarded. Fewer than 1% of donors have returned a positive result for HIV or hepatitis B. Of the 1580 corneas collected by the bank, 863 (55%) have been used for transplantation with a primary non‐function rate of 0.46%. The evolving policies, logistics of operation and methodologies employed by the bank are described in detail.
Basic ophthalmic assessment and care workshops for rural health workers
Authors: Brian Garry , Dalzell Joseph , Nangala Stanley , Hollows Fred 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe inequitable distribution of medical services in Australia means that many rural dwellers do not have easy access to ophthalmic care. In regions with no medical personnel, appropriately trained rural health workers may provide ophthalmic assessment, primary treatment, and, in some circumstances, definitive care. In areas with overburdened services, these rural health workers may augment facilities already established. In an attempt to improve the accessibility and quality of ophthalmic services available to presently disadvantaged rural inhabitants, the aims, curriculum, and structure of a ‘Basic Ophthalmic Assessment and Care Workshop’, for the transfer of knowledge and skills to such rural health workers, is presented.
Exclusion of the autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa gene from a substantial region of chromosome 1: Study of a large Australian family
Authors: Chand A. , Olsson J. E. , Adams L. , Denton M. J. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractIn an attempt to map the gene(s) responsible for autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP), the technique of reverse genetics was used on a large multigenerational Australian pedigree. The family demonstrated a form of the disease which appears to be less severe than that observed in the Irish pedigree. It was typed for 10 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers on chromosome 1. The data from the linkage study was analysed using the programs LIPED 3; six markers gave informative results. The ADRP gene was excluded from this family from 102 cM using previously prepared chromosome 1 maps. This accounts for 36% of chromosome 1 which is estimated to be the longest human chromosome.
Random dot stereogram E in vision screening of children
Authors: Hope Carolyn , Maslin Keith 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe random dot stereogram E (RDE) has been shown to be a simple and effective test for the detection of binocular abnormalities and defective visual acuity in children. We determined the validity of the RDE as a screening test for reduced visual acuity, amblyopia and strabismus in two separate populations of children.A nonselective group of 100 school children (aged 5 to 15 years) who presented consecutively to the ophthalmology department at Auckland Public Hospital were tested with the RDE. All cases of amblyopia and strabismus were detected by the RDE. Similar screening with the RDE test of 168 preschool children (aged three to four years) in the community resulted in an unacceptably high over‐referral rate. The test was unreliable in the preschool age group because of difficulty in distinguishing between test failure and non‐cooperation with the test. The low positive predictive value of the test in the younger age group suggests the test to be unsuitable for preschool vision screening.
Trial of a disc lens for intercapsular cataract extraction
Authors: Kent David G. , Gross Keith A. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe preliminary results are presented of a prospective trial of a new ‘disc’ intraocular lens. (Pharmacia Model CD801 A). Forty‐four lenses were implanted into the capsular bag using an intercapsular cataract extraction technique.The lens is a one‐piece all‐polymethylmeth‐acrylate (PMMA) lens with a 6 mm biconvex optic. The optic sits within a 9 mm diameter flexible PMMA ring. Two haptic stalks link this flexible haptic ring to the optic.The lens was assessed for its ease of insertion, its rate of decentration, the incidence of posterior capsular opacity and its effects on pupillary function.Results of the trial at three months follow‐up are presented. They show that the lens is easy to insert into the capsular bag even through small pupils. It is very easy to dial, placing no stress on the bag when doing so. The incidence of decentration of 1 mm or greater was 5%, and the incidence of posterior capsular fibrosis at three months was 2%. As predicted, the lens sits well back in the eye, clear of the pupil.
The management of intraocular foreign bodies
Authors: Hadden Osmond Bruce , Wilson John L. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThis study of 69 cases of retained intraocular foreign body confirms that eyes with anterior segment foreign bodies fare better than those with posterior segment foreign bodies, that eyes with smaller foreign bodies fare better than those with larger, and that the magnet is the safest method of removal. There is no evidence to support primary vitrectomy in every case of posterior segment foreign body. Computerised tomography is the best method of localisation, but a foreign body can be missed on computerised tomography, and a plain x‐ray is still the best method of detection.
Visual parameters in patients with pituitary adenoma before and after transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Marcus Mira , Vitale Susan , Calvert Preston C. , Miller Neil R. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractEighty‐two patients with pituitary adenoma who underwent transsphenoidal surgery were examined before and after surgery. Nineteen patients had a normal preoperative neuro‐ophthalmological examination. All of these patients maintained normal visual parameters postoperatively. The remaining 63 patients had tumour‐related loss of visual acuity, visual field, or both. These patients ranged in age from 18 to 78 years. Duration of symptoms ranged from one day to ten years, with a median of six months. Preoperative visual acuity was 6/12 or better in 72% of eyes, with 90% of patients having 6/12 or better in their better eye. Only 7% of eyes had a normal preoperative visual field. Both visual acuity and visual field improved postoperatively in the majority of eyes. In eyes that were examined within one week after surgery and subsequently, substantial improvement occurred within the first postoperative week, but further improvement continued over weeks to months postoperatively, with visual field taking longer to stabilise than visual acuity. Visual acuity at last examination was 6/12 or better in 87% of eyes, and visual field at last examination was normal in 50% of eyes. A total of 92% of patients had visual acuity of 6/12 or better in their better eye, and 62% of patients had a normal visual field in their better eye. Visual acuity at last examination was correlated with both age and preoperative visual acuity. Last visual field also was correlated with both age and preoperative visual field. Patients with preoperative optic atrophy had a poorer visual prognosis than did patients with normal fundi.
Corneal hazards in use of Simmons shell
Authors: Rajeev Buddi , Thomas Ravi 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA Simmons tamponade shell was used in 10 cases of post‐trabeculectomy overfiltration leading to shallow (iridocorneal touch) or flat anterior chamber. The Simmons shell was an unqualified success in only three cases. Corneal abscess (one case) and corneal abrasion/epithelial loss (four cases) necessitated premature removal of the shell. Three of the patients with corneal abrasions had a formed anterior chamber at the time of shell removal but this shallowed again within 12 hours. Two of these required surgical reformation of the anterior chamber and one reformed spontaneously. Air entrapment causing corneal dessication was probably responsible for the abrasion/epithelial loss. The patient who developed a corneal abscess was grossly malnourished. Use of the Simmons shell needs close monitoring and it should be removed at the first sign of corneal toxicity (abrasionfepithelial loss). Extreme care is necessary in malnourished cases.
The use of YAG cyclophotocoagulation to lower pressure in advanced glaucoma
Authors: Brooks Anne M. V. , Gillies W. E. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractYAG cyclophotocoagulation is a non‐invasive cyclodestructive procedure which may be used in a graduated dosage as an outpatient procedure in cases of refractory glaucoma. In a group of 60 patients treated there were 37 patients with absolute glaucoma and 23 patients with advanced glaucoma in most of whom drainage operation had failed to control the intraocular pressure (IOP). Following treatment IOP fell in all but one case with absolute glaucoma. In 21 cases with absolute glaucoma it fell to 22 mmHg or less, while in 21 cases with advanced glaucoma it was 22 mmHg or less. Treatment was graduated as mild, moderate or maximal. Reactions were more severe with maximal treatment. In advanced glaucoma mild treatment only was used and this was repeated if necessary. Hypotony only occurred with maximal therapy.
Corneal ulceration due to Nocardia asteroides
Authors: Douglas R. M. , Grove D. I. , Elliott J. , Looke D. F. M. , Jordan A. S. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractA case of corneal ulceration due to infection with Nocardia asteroides is described. Microbiological examination of corneal scrapings permitted accurate diagnosis and suggested appropriate therapy. Nineteen other cases that have been described in the world literature are reviewed.
Management of eyelid trauma
Authors: Nelson Christine C. 
Published: November 2007

AbstractThe management of eyelid trauma presents some frustrating challenges to the general ophthalmologist. Because each case is unique, adaptation of general principles is essential for optimal ophthalmic treatment. This review includes the essentials of approaches to the evaluation and treatment of eyelid margin and canalicular lacerations. Specific attention is directed towards avoidance of complications.
Increased numbers of higher left intraocular pressures in 428 patients referred to the glaucoma clinic
Authors: Booth F M 
Published: November 2007

AbstractSeventy‐four per cent of 428 patients referred to the glaucoma clinic at Concord Hospital exhibited intraocular pressure (IOP) asymmetry. There was a preponderance of left eyes, in that two‐thirds of the patients with asymmetrical pressures had the higher IOP in the left eye. As the degree of asymmetry increased, this trend became more pronounced. In addition, the statistically significant difference between right and left mean IOP among the glaucoma patients was not found among normal controls, even when the order of testing the eyes was reversed.