bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROSPECTS OF DECENTRALIZATION REFORMS IN THE CARPATHIAN REGION
Authors: ARABCHUK Yaroslav 
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes the state of state-building, particularly decentralization in Ukraine and the Carpathian region, as the basis for forming self-sufficient public authorities through the amalgamation of territorial communities and fundamental changes in the principles of forming their resources, including financial potential. The article highlights current theoretical and practical problems of state-building, decentralization, regulation of socio-economic and budgetary processes, and their improvement for the significant enhancement of providing public services to the population and engaging it in state-building processes. It is emphasized that the reform of decentralization and administrative-territorial structure is crucial in building a state, allowing the construction of a democratic governance system, and creating resource conditions for the development of civil society.
The implementation of the decentralization policy in Ukraine is an effective factor in stabilizing the socio-economic situation, overcoming the financial crisis, overcoming contradictions between different levels of government, organizing relations between the center, regions and territorial communities on the principles of distribution of responsibilities and competencies, as well as partnership in providing Ukrainian citizens with state and local benefits, and will help to increase the efficiency of using budget funds at all levels of government.
Monedas sociales en la era digital: retos y oportunidades
Authors: Albert Juan Francisco , Gómez Fernández Nerea , Náñez Alonso Sergio Luis 
Published: March 2024

En los últimos años se han experimentado dos procesos de innovación monetaria de forma simultánea: la digitalización del dinero y el auge de las monedas sociales. Estas tendencias se han integrado y han dado lugar a la aparición de lo que denominamos monedas sociales digitales. El presente trabajo tiene dos objetivos. Por un lado, se realiza una evaluación de las ventajas e inconvenientes de una digitalización completa de las monedas sociales. Si bien las nuevas tecnologías y la digitalización ofrecen ventajas notorias a las monedas sociales como pueden ser la posibilidad de dotarlas de un mayor alcance y eficiencia, también tienen aparejado una serie de retos y problemas. Entre los problemas más importantes destaca la exclusión de uso por parte de los individuos con poco interés o pocas habilidades digitales. Centrándonos en este problema, en la segunda parte del trabajo realizamos un análisis cuantitativo, a través de modelos logísticos multinivel y datos de la encuesta Global Findex, para discernir qué estratos de la población son menos susceptibles al uso de medios de pagos digitales. Conocer los grupos poblaciones que podrían verse excluidos de las monedas sociales digitales puede servir para elaborar y diseñar políticas públicas destinadas a mejorar la inclusión financiera y digital de toda la población.
Changes in red blood cell parameters during incremental exercise in highly trained athletes of different sport specializations
Authors: Ciekot-Sołtysiak Monika , Kusy Krzysztof , Podgórski Tomasz , Pospieszna Barbara , Zieliński Jacek 
Published: March 2024

Background
During physical exercise, the level of hematological parameters change depending on the intensity and duration of exercise and the individual’s physical fitness. Research results, based on samples taken before and after exercise, suggest that hematological parameters increase during incremental exercise. However, there is no data confirming this beyond any doubt. This study examined how red blood cell (RBC) parameters change during the same standard physical exertion in athletes representing different physiological training profiles determined by sport discipline.

Methods
The study included 39 highly trained male members of national teams: 13 futsal players, 12 sprinters, and 14 triathletes. We used multiple blood sampling to determine RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit value (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) before, during (every 3 min), and after (5, 10, 15, 20, and 30 min) an incremental treadmill exercise test until exhaustion.

Results
There were no significant exercise-induced differences in RBC parameters between athletic groups. No significant changes were recorded in RBC parameters during the low-intensity phase of exercise. RBC, Hb, and Hct increased significantly during incremental physical exercise, and rapidly returned to resting values upon test termination.

Conclusions
The general pattern of exercise-induced changes in RBC parameters is universal regardless of the athlete’s physiological profile. The changes in RBC parameters are proportional to the intensity of exercise during the progressive test. The increase in hemoglobin concentration associated with the intensity of exercise is most likely an adaptation to the greater demand of tissues, mainly skeletal muscles, for oxygen.
The contribution of estimated dead space fraction to mortality prediction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease—a new proposal
Authors: Chuang Ming-Lung , Wang Yu Hsun , Lin I-Feng 
Published: March 2024

Background
Mortality due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is increasing. However, dead space fractions at rest (VD/VTrest) and peak exercise (VD/VTpeak) and variables affecting survival have not been evaluated. This study aimed to investigate these issues.

Methods
This retrospective observational cohort study was conducted from 2010–2020. Patients with COPD who smoked, met the Global Initiatives for Chronic Lung Diseases (GOLD) criteria, had available demographic, complete lung function test (CLFT), medication, acute exacerbation of COPD (AECOPD), Charlson Comorbidity Index, and survival data were enrolled. VD/VTrest and VD/VTpeak were estimated (estVD/VTrest and estVD/VTpeak). Univariate and multivariable Cox regression with stepwise variable selection were performed to estimate hazard ratios of all-cause mortality.

Results
Overall, 14,910 patients with COPD were obtained from the hospital database, and 456 were analyzed after excluding those without CLFT or meeting the lung function criteria during the follow-up period (median (IQR) 597 (331–934.5) days). Of the 456 subjects, 81% had GOLD stages 2 and 3, highly elevated dead space fractions, mild air-trapping and diffusion impairment. The hospitalized AECOPD rate was 0.60 ± 2.84/person/year. Forty-eight subjects (10.5%) died, including 30 with advanced cancer. The incidence density of death was 6.03 per 100 person-years. The crude risk factors for mortality were elevated estVD/VTrest, estVD/VTpeak, ≥2 hospitalizations for AECOPD, advanced age, body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2, and cancer (hazard ratios (95% C.I.) from 1.03 [1.00–1.06] to 5.45 [3.04–9.79]). The protective factors were high peak expiratory flow%, adjusted diffusing capacity%, alveolar volume%, and BMI 24–26.9 kg/m2. In stepwise Cox regression analysis, after adjusting for all selected factors except cancer, estVD/VTrest and BMI <18.5 kg/m2 were risk factors, whereas BMI 24–26.9 kg/m2 was protective. Cancer was the main cause of all-cause mortality in this study; however, estVD/VTrest and BMI were independent prognostic factors for COPD after excluding cancer.

Conclusions
The predictive formula for dead space fraction enables the estimation of VD/VTrest, and the mortality probability formula facilitates the estimation of COPD mortality. However, the clinical implications should be approached with caution until these formulas have been validated.
Predicting Onset of Sand Production in Oil Wells using Machine Learning
Authors: Ngochindo Gorei Nkela , Joseph Amieibibama 
Published: March 2024

Sand production in oil wells is a significant challenge that negatively impacts productivity and compromise equipment integrity. This study explores the application of Optimized Support Vector Machine (SVM) binary classification algorithm to predict the onset of sand production in oil wells. A dataset from 63 oil wells was utilized, and class labels were determined based on the bulk and shear modulus product. The model development incorporated geological and mechanical parameters that could influence sand detachment such as: Young’s modulus, Poisson’s ratio, minimum and maximum horizontal stresses, overburden pressure, pore pressure, depth, fracture gradient, and formation strength. Instances above the threshold of 8E+11 were classified as indicative of no sand production, while those below were considered potential sand production scenarios. The SVM model demonstrated remarkable accuracy in predicting sand production onset, trained and tested rigorously with field data. The model's accuracy was evaluated using statistical parameters, such as: accuracy (ACC), sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and Matthew's Correlation Coefficient (MCC). From the results, the model achieved a score of 1 across all parameters, indicating high reliability and accuracy in sand production prediction. The practical implications of this model are significant, offering assistance to completion engineers in making proactive decisions regarding sand control strategies. Furthermore, the integration of this model into oil and gas industry processes can optimize operational efficiency by foreseeing potential sand production events, hence, preventing production impairment and ensuring loss prevention.
Error feedback and the acquisition of geographical representations
Authors: Guzmán‐Muñoz Francisco J. , Johnson Addie 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThree training conditions were compared in a task of learning locations of cities on a map: One in which participants could avoid errors by searching for the name of the correct city, and two others in which either immediate feedback after each response or delayed feedback after all responses had been made was given. Learners who received feedback only after placing all the cities on the map performed more poorly overall during training but outperformed the other two groups in both immediate and delayed tests. This advantage is interpreted as evidence of differential development of relational knowledge and application of cognitive effort across training conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Benzodithiophene Copolymer—A Low‐Temperature, Solution‐Processed High‐Performance Semiconductor for Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Pan H. , Wu Y. , Li Y. , Liu P. , Ong B. S. , Zhu S. , Xu G. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractPoly(4,8‐didodecyl‐2,6‐bis‐(3‐methylthiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene) self‐assembled on appropriate substrates from solution and formed highly structured thin films at low temperatures. As an as‐prepared thin‐film semiconductor without thermal annealing, it exhibited excellent field‐effect transistor properties with mobility of ∼ 0.15 cm2 V–1 s–1 in thin‐film transistors.
Combinatorial Development of Blue OLEDs Based on Star Shaped Molecules
Authors: Kreger K. , Bäte M. , Neuber C. , Schmidt H.‐W. , Strohriegl P. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIn this paper we describe the use of combinatorial vapor deposition techniques for the optimization of blue organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In these devices the star shaped molecule 1 with a triphenylamine core and three fluorene side groups serves as hole transport and emitting layer. Compound 2 with a much lower lying HOMO and a larger bandgap is used as hole blocking layer. Using combinatorial vapor deposition 42 OLEDs with thickness gradients of both the hole transport and the hole blocking layer have been simultaneously prepared on one substrate. The physical characterization of the devices clearly shows that a hole blocking layer of the star shaped molecule 2 is necessary in order to obtain pure blue emission with CIE coordinates of x = 0.15 and y = 0.15. A thickness of only 5 nm of the blocking layer is sufficient, and with increasing layer thickness the brightness of the blue devices drops. The blue devices exhibit a brightness of 400 cd m–2 and a luminous efficiency of 2 cd A–1. The thickness variations of both the hole transport and the hole blocking layer have been made in one combinatorial evaporation experiment on a single substrate using a set of movable masks. This demonstrates how efficient combinatorial methods can be used for the development of OLEDs.
Red–Yellow Fluorescence Patterning of a Polymer Film Containing Phthalimido Carbamate Groups
Authors: Chae K. H. , Kim Y. H. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractBicolor fluorescent micro‐patterns in the polymer film are prepared through the use of a new group of photobase generator containing phthalimido carbamate groups. The photobase generation from phthalimide carbamates is studied by examining the changes in pH, fluorescence intensity, and photo‐crosslinking of poly(glycidyl methacrylate). The product analysis of a model compound indicates that amine groups are produced from the photolytic cleavage of the C–N bond of the phthalimide carbamate groups. A copolymer containing phthalimide carbamate groups is applied to a bicolor fluorescent imaging material. Red‐yellow fluorescent micropatterns are obtained by treating the copolymer film, which is irradiated with 254 nm UV light through a photomask, with fluorescamine and rhodamine, consecutively. Various colored fluorescent micropatterns – green, red, or red‐yellow, are obtained on a single polymer film by varying the excitation wavelength.
Rational Design of Supramolecular Conjugated Polymers Displaying Unusual Colorimetric Stability upon Thermal Stress
Authors: Park H. , Lee J.‐S. , Choi H. , Ahn D. J. , Kim J.‐M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe colorimetric stability upon thermal stress of a series of conjugated polymer supramolecules prepared from 10,12‐docosadiyndioic acid (DCDDA)‐derived diacetylene monomers has been explored. Polydiacetylenes obtained from DCDDA‐bis‐mBzA 3, containing m‐carboxyphenylanilido groups at the both ends of the monomer, were observed to be highly colorimetrically stable upon thermal stimulation. The blue color of a solution containing these polydiacetylene vesicles remains unchanged even when the vesicles were subjected to boiling water. The unusual colorimetric stability is further demonstrated by the observation that blue color persists until vesicles in ethylene glycol are heated to 140 °C. The nature of this unusual thermal stability was elucidated by using polydiacetylene supramolecules, prepared from analogs of DCDDA‐bis‐mBzA 3. The presence of internal amide groups as well as aromatic interactions was found to be essential for the high colorimetric stability of the polydiacetylene supramolecules.
High‐efficiency desulfurization by adsorption with mesoporous aluminosilicates
Authors: Li Wangliang , Liu Qingfen , Xing Jianmin , Gao Hongshuai , Xiong Xiaochao , Li Yuguang , Li Xin , Liu Huizhou 
Published: October 2007

AbstractMesoporous aluminosilicate (MAS) was synthesized by hydrothermal method with zeolite NaY as precursor and CTMAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as structure directing agent. Desulfurization adsorbents were characterized with XRD, BET, FTIR and NH3‐TPD. FTIR results showed that Lewis acid sites act as adsorption centers for dibenzothiophene (DBT) molecules. The adsorption desulfurization ability of MAS was studied in model and hydrotreated diesel. For model oil containing 10mmol/L DBT, the adsorption capacity of adsorbents is NaY > MAS > MCM‐41. For hydrotreated diesel, MAS shows the largest adsorption capacity, MCM‐41 the second, and NaY shows the least adsorption capacity. The improvement of desulfurization ability of improvement of MAS by Cu(I) is more significant than that of MCM‐41. The physicochemical properties of fuels, such as viscosity and aromatics concentration had great influence on the desulfurization property of adsorbents. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Prevalence of overweight and obesity in a Portuguese sample of adults: Results from the Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study
Authors: Santos Rute , Aires Luísa , Santos Paula , Ribeiro José Carlos , Mota Jorge 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThe sample of this study comprised 9,991 adults who participated in the Azorean Physical Activity and Health Study, Portugal. Body mass index was calculated from self‐reported weight and height and used as a depended variable. Physical activity was assessed by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire—short version, participants were classified in three categories according to their METs min/week values: low physical activity level, moderate physical activity level, and health‐enhancing physical activity. Smoking status, alcohol consumption, and socio‐economic status were also collected. Results showed that the prevalence of overweight and obesity was 33.5 and 18.8% in women, and 45.8 and 16% in men, respectively. The prevalence of health‐enhancing physical activity individuals was 23.6% for women and 43.8% for men. Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a predictor of overweight and obesity, in both genders. Smoking status was negatively associated with overweight and obesity, in both genders. Men with low physical activity level and higher sitting time (≥3 h/day) were more likely to be obese. Low socio‐economic status and alcohol consumption were found to be predictors for overweight and obesity for women. In summary, the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Azorean adults is high. Targeted programs aimed to lower the prevalence of overweight and obesity, among the Azoreans, should focus on elderly, on women with low socio‐economic status, and on men aged 26–40 years, due to the higher prevalence of overweight and obesity and low levels of physical activity observed in these groups. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Intercalary Elements, Treefrogs, and the Early Differentiation of a Complex System in the Neobatrachia
Authors: Manzano Adriana S. , Fabrezi Marissa , Vences Miguel 
Published: October 2007

AbstractIntercalary elements are additional skeletal structures of digits of many anuran amphibians. Twelve terminal clades in the neobatrachian lineage of frogs have intercalary elements revealing it is a homoplastic character with five to seven gains and two to four losses along a consensus phylogeny of the Neobatrachia. We analyzed anatomical variation of intercalary elements, related structures (distal phalanges, tendons, and muscles), and articulations of digits of 45 anuran species, representing eight suprageneric terminal taxa. The intercalary elements are integrated in a complex system that is probably related to different types of movements, which are produced by a similar set of muscles and tendons with limited variation among the studied taxa. Species in the clades Hyloides and Ranoides show distinctive patterns of morphostructural features in their intercalary elements that are usually wedge‐shaped and composed of hyaline cartilage in Ranoides, and biconcave and composed of embryonic cartilage in Hyloides. Features derived from the typical hyloid condition may only be interpreted in some Hylidae (Pseudis and Lysapsus) and Centrolenidae. In Ranoides, the described features of the intercalary elements are found in all taxa examined with the exception of Leptopelis, which have an intercalary element similar to the other Ranoides but formed by connective tissue. Several features are shared by all taxa having intercalary elements: (1) the intercalary elements differ from the phalanges by lacking terminal epiphyses, (2) they are present in hands and feet, and (3) they appear in all digits. This finding suggests that the genetic basis for presence of intercalary elements may be homologous in all these taxa and may have evolved only once early in neobatrachian history. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Neuroanatomy of the Subadult and Fetal Brain of the Atlantic White‐sided Dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) from in Situ Magnetic Resonance Images
Authors: Montie Eric W. , Schneider Gerald E. , Ketten Darlene R. , Marino Lori , Touhey Katie E. , Hahn Mark E. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis article provides the first anatomically labeled, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) ‐based atlas of the subadult and fetal Atlantic white‐sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) brain. It differs from previous MRI‐based atlases of cetaceans in that it was created from images of fresh, postmortem brains in situ rather than extracted, formalin‐fixed brains. The in situ images displayed the classic hallmarks of odontocete brains: fore‐shortened orbital lobes and pronounced temporal width. Olfactory structures were absent and auditory regions (e.g., temporal lobes and inferior colliculi) were enlarged. In the subadult and fetal postmortem MRI scans, the hippocampus was identifiable, despite the relatively small size of this structure in cetaceans. The white matter tracts of the fetal hindbrain and cerebellum were pronounced, but in the telencephalon, the white matter tracts were much less distinct, consistent with less myelin. The white matter tracts of the auditory pathways in the fetal brains were myelinated, as shown by the T2 hypointensity signals for the inferior colliculus, cochlear nuclei, and trapezoid bodies. This finding is consistent with hearing and auditory processing regions maturing in utero in L. acutus, as has been observed for most mammals. In situ MRI scanning of fresh, postmortem specimens can be used not only to study the evolution and developmental patterns of cetacean brains but also to investigate the impacts of natural toxins (such as domoic acid), anthropogenic chemicals (such as polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, and their hydroxylated metabolites), biological agents (parasites), and noise on the central nervous system of marine mammal species. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Comparative Study of Fibrillar Collagen Arrangement in the Corneas of Primates and Other Mammals
Authors: Hayes Sally , Boote Craig , Lewis Jennifer , Sheppard Jack , Abahussin Mohammad , Quantock Andrew J. , Purslow Christine , Votruba Marcela , Meek Keith M. 
Published: October 2007

AbstractThis study is a comparative study of the relationship between corneal structure, morphology, and function in a range of mammalian species. X‐ray scattering patterns were gathered at regular spatial intervals over the excised cornea (and in most cases also the scleral rim) of humans, marmosets, horses, cows, pigs, rabbits, and mice. All patterns were analyzed to produce quantitative information regarding the predominant orientation of fibrillar collagen throughout the tissue. The predominant direction of corneal collagen varies between mammals. This variation is not related to the size, shape, or thickness of the cornea or the frequency with which the animal blinks. A relationship does, however, appear to exist between corneal collagen arrangement and visual acuity. An excess of collagen directed toward one or both sets of opposing rectus muscles is a feature of animals that have an intermediate to high level of visual acuity. There is a significant variation in the arrangement of corneal collagen between different mammalian species. This finding may be related to differences in the frequency of action and the forces generated by the various extraocular muscles during eye movement and image fixation. Anat Rec, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.