bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Predominant amino acid substitutions in NS5B gene of hepatitis C virus in blood donors and treatment-naïve hepatitis and HIV patients in Nigeria
Authors: Shenge J. A. , Odaibo G. N. , Olaleye D. O.. 
Published: April 2024

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) genome undergoes high rate of mutation, which results in generation of genetically diverse HCV isolates. There is paucity of data on mutations in the nonstructural 5b (NS5b) gene of circulating HCV and their implications in the Nigerian population. Here, we identified clinically-important mutations in HCV isolates, which may influence response to therapy and disease prognosis.
Methodology: HCV RNA was extracted from a total of 301 blood samples collected from 99 symptomatic treatment-naïve hepatitis patients, 125 HIV-infected individuals and 77 asymptomatic blood donors in Ibadan, Nigeria. The RNA was reverse–transcribed to complimentary DNA and HCV NS5B gene amplified by nested PCR. The amplified products of 42 HCV were sequenced and sequences were aligned with those from GenBank and HCV databases in MEGA 7.0. Nucleotide sequences were translated to amino acids while substitutions in the amino acids were analyzed with reference to H77 prototype strain of HCV.
Results: A total of 10 amino acid polymorphisms were observed from the 42 sequenced NS5B gene, with the major clinically-important amino acid mutations being S15G in 28 (66.7%) participants, T7N (24, 57.1%), G61R (23, 54.8%), S54L (22, 52.4%), G89E (14, 33.3%), T79M (12, 28.6%), and T711 (11, 26.2%). Others were Q67R (7, 16.7%), Q47H (7, 16.7%) and S84F (2, 4.8%). S15G/A/V mutations were more predominant in patients with HIV (76.9%, 10/13) followed by patients with clinical hepatitis (75.0%, 12/16) and blood donors (46.1%, 6/13). Q67R and T71I mutations were not predominant in patients with clinical hepatitis as they were detected in only 31.3% (5/16) and 43.8% (7/16) participants respectively, compared to S15G (75.0%, 12/16), S54L (68.8%, 11/16), G61R/E (68.8%, 11/16) and T7N/S (56.3%, 9/16). There was no statistically significant difference in the distribution of each of the 10 amino acid polymorphisms detected within patients with symptomatic clinical hepatitis (x2=9.311, p=0.409), HIV-infected patients (x2=13.431, p=0.1440) and asymp- tomatic blood donors (x2=3.775, p=0.9256). Similarly, there was no significant difference in the distribution between the 3 categories of the study participants except for T79M mutation, which was significantly higher in HIV-infected patients (61.5%, 8/13) compared to patients with clinical hepatitis (18.8%, 3/16) and asymp- tomatic blood donors (7.7%, 1/13) (x2=10.456, p=0.0054).
Conclusion: Mutations in the NS5B gene could be associated with worse prognosis of the disease or antiviral failure due to viral resistance in patients undergoing therapy. The absence of Q47H mutations in majority of the study participants in our study implies that they will not respond well to daprevir and mericitabine. Screening of patients for pre-existing resistant mutations before commencement of therapy and monitoring during and after therapy are recommended.
OPTIMALISASI KEUNTUNGAN PRODUKSI MAKANAN MENGGUNAKAN PEMROGRAMAN LINIER MELALUI METODE SIMPLEKS
Authors: Fikri Ahmad Jamiluddin , Aini Suhilda , Sukandar Rani Septiani , Safiyanah Ine , Listiasari Dwi 
Published: April 2024

Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) memiliki potensi yang cukup besar untuk dikembangkan, Kota Serang sebagai ibu kota provinsi Banten menjadi salah satu tempat yang strategis dalam mengembangkan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah, tercatat pada tahun 2018 terdapat 10.321 Usaha Kecil dan Menengah di Kota Serang. Angka tersebut membuktikan bahwa banyak sekali pelaku UKM di Kota Serang, salah satunya usaha kuliner yaitu Seblak Gaul Bpk. Pitra. Pengelolaan yang kurang baik dan perencanaan jumlah produksi yang belum optimal berdampak pada keuntungan yang diperoleh tidak maksimal dan sulit di prediksi. Perumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah : "Maksimalisasi keuntungan pada UKM seblak Gaul BPK. Pitra di kota Serang menggunakan linear programming melalui metode simplek" . linear programming melalui metode simplek adalah metode yang tepat digunakan untuk mementukan jumlah produksi produk makanan agar keuntungan maksimal. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa Jumlah produksi seblak mie dan seblak telur sebanyak 3 porsi, dengan keuntungan maksimal RP.750.000.00
ANALISIS CLUSTER TIME SERIES DALAM PENGELOMPOKAN PROVINSI DI INDONESIA BERDASARKAN NILAI PDRB
Authors: Adnyani Luh Putu Widya , Sihombing Pardomuan Robinson 
Published: April 2024

Cluster time series merupakan metode pengelompokkan data runtun waktu yang dapat digunakan untuk mengelompokkan provinsi-provinsi yang ada di Indonesia berdasarkan nilai PDRB. Analisis cluster yang dilakukan menggunakan jarak dynamic time warping (DTW) dan jarak Euclid. Penggunaan kedua jarak tersebut dibandingkan untuk mengetahui hasil penggerombolan terbaik, khususnya pada kasus pengelompokan provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan nilai Pendapatan Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa dengan membentuk enam cluster maka diperoleh koefisien Silhouette untuk metode DTW sebesar 0,68 sedangkan untuk metode Euclidien memiliki koefisien Silhouette sebesar 0,605. Dengan demikian dapat dinyatakan bahwa kedua metode tersebut membentuk cluster dengan kategori good classifications
PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA SERANG NOMOR 11 TAHUN 2012 TENTANG PENYEDIAAN DAN PENYERAHAN PRASARANA, SARANA DAN UTILITAS PERUMAHAN SERTA PERMUKIMAN DARI PENGEMBANG KEPADA PEMERINTAH DAERAH
Authors: Furqon Eki , Dewi Lia Riesta 
Published: April 2024

Perda Kota Serang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 merupakan pelaksanaan asas desentralisasi dari Peraturan Menteri Dalam Negeri Nomor 9 Tahun 2009 tentang Pedoman Penyerahan Prasarana, Sarana, dan Utilitas Perumahan dan Permukiman di Daerah menyebutkan bahwasannya setiap luasan lahan yang telah dibebaskan, pengembang wajib menyediakan lahan untuk prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas seluas 40 persen dari lahan yang ada, yang nanti harus diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Daerah. Serta ditegaskan pula bahwa prasarana, sarana, dan utilitas perumahan yang telah selesai dibangun lebih dari 5 (lima) tahun dapat langsung diterima oleh Pemerintah Daerah dan yang dibangun kurang dari 5 (lima) tahun tetapi lebih dari 1 (satu) tahun dapat diserahkan kepada Pemerintah Daerah secara formal dan fisik.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis normatif yaitu pendekatan yang dilakukan melalui pengkajian dan penafsiran terhadap literatur hukum dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berkaitan dengan masalah yang akan dibahas baik secara tersurat maupun secara tersirat. Dengan menggunakan data sekunder dari bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder dan bahan hukum tersier dengan analisis data mempergunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif.Kesimpulan Kedudukan dari Perda Kota Serang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan sangat kuat dan dapat dilaksanakan karena telah memiliki daya laku dan daya ikat untuk seluruh Pengembang Perumahan baik perseorangan ataupun Badan Hukum di Kota Serang. Kendala dan hambatan dalam pelaksanaan Perda Kota Serang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012 adalah tidak diserahkannya PSU Perumahan Highland Park Serang oleh PT. Pudjipapan Kreasindo sebagai pengembang dikarenakan faktor Tidak ada itikad baik dari PT Pudjipapan Kreasindo, tidak ada usaha tegas dan nyata yang telah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Kota Serang untuk meminta Prasarana, Sarana dan Utilitas (PSU) Perumahan Highland Park Serang dan belum dibentuknya Peraturan Walikota sebagai peraturan pelaksana dari Perda Kota Serang Nomor 11 Tahun 2012.
PEMBATALAN OLEH HAKIM TERHADAP AKTA JUAL BELI YANG DIBUAT BERDASARKAN PENIPUAN (BEDROG)
Authors: Hadi Hadi Haerul , Safiulloh Safiulloh 
Published: April 2024

A covenant is not always made on the basis of a free agreement but rather it is possible that there is a defect of will in the agreement. Such will defects can occur due to coercion, oversight, and fraud in making agreements. In this study, we will discuss one of the three will defects, namely fraud. The formulation of the problem to be scrutinized by the author is fraud as a reason for the cancellation of the agreement and the result of the cancellation by the judge of the Deed of Sale and Purchase made on the basis of fraud by the judge for the parties. The research method used is normative juridical research by descriptive analytical data analysis and using data collection tools, namely secondary and primary data. In this thesis, it is concluded that fraud occurs if there is a deliberate element carried out by one of the parties, namely providing untrue information or facts, and against a lie alone is not enough for the existence of fraud but there must be a series of lies that in relation to one another constitute a gimmick, and have a causal relationship if there is no fraud, then he could not possibly close the treaty. The legal consequence arising from the Deed of Sale and Purchase annulled by the Judge is that all circumstances must be returned to their original state when there has not been a legal action in the deed in question. So that the other party in the agreement who has already received the achievements of the other party is obliged to return it. Against the Deed of Sale and Purchase which is disputed by the judge, the Land Deed Making Officer will give a note to the Minuta Deed that the deed has been annulled by the Judgment of the Court or by attaching the Judgment of the Court to the Minuta Deed concerned. Finally, for the certificate that has been reversed, one of the parties will apply for cancellation of the certificate to the National Land Agency and then by the National Land Agency will be carried out to cross out and change the name of the owner of the land rights specified in the District Court Decision on the land books, but regarding the replacement of the certificate, there are no clear provisions
The Importance of Institutional Arrangement to Safeguard Maritime Security and Safety in Indonesia: The Case of Marine Security and Safety Agency
Authors: Omara Andy 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Multiple agencies approach has been adopted by the Indonesian government to ensure maritime security and safety. The involvement of multiple actors potentially leads to overlapping authorities and an uncoordinated operation. For stakeholders at sea, such approach is inefficient, ineffective and creates confusion. The situation needs to be addressed to make more a coordinated, efficient, and effective method. This paper tries to address such an issue through institutional law lens.Purposes of the Research: This paper aims to answer three important questions (1) How is the enforcement of security and safety at sea so far? (2) What are the implications as the many institutions involved in the enforcement of safety and security at sea? and (3) What kind of institutional arrangements to be made in the future so that law enforcement at sea becomes effective and efficient?.Methods of the Research: This study utilizes a normative legal approach. It exercises legal doctrines, relevant laws and regulations. It is also suplemented by relevant literatures, books, journals, and media coverages.Results of the Research: This paper finds that the enforcement of security and safety at sea adopts multi agencies where many institutions involved in maintaining security and safety at sea. The fact that multiple institutions simultaniously participate in law enforcement at sea, potentially create overlapping and lack of coordination among them. This also creates confusion and disadvantage to the stakeholders. Therefore, it is necessary to reorganize the current institutional arrangements to minimize the problems on the ground.
Justice Connectivity in the Criminal Prosecution of Human Trafficking
Authors: Saimima Ika Dewi Sartika , Sanaky Mochammad Syafruddin Rezky 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The involvement of members of the army of the Republic of Indonesia and The Police of the Republic of Indonesia became a special obstacle in the handling of human trafficking cases. The difficulties are due to the existence of special regulations governing the courts applicable to members of the Indonesian army who commit criminal acts.Purposes of the Research: The case may be dealt with in conjunction with a criminal offense of trafficking in persons, given that the offense has fulfilled the element of involvement (also, deelneming) or jointly (mede dader) between a civilian and a person with military status in the criminal offense of trafficking.Methods of the Research: The research used normative jurisprudence, focusing on primary legal material such as Act No. 21 of 2007 on Punishment of Trafficking in Persons, Law No. 31 of 1997 on Military Justice, and Law No. 2 of 2002 on the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia. The research was descriptive-analytical, interpreting the law according to its context and analyzing its results in a qualitative, descriptive manner. Secondary legal material included publications on human rights protection, particularly those relating to women and children. The fact approach was used to study human trafficking facts and provide critical analysis. Library documents, books, and journals were also analyzed. Data analysis involved document study techniques and qualitative analysis, with the results and author's analysis of relevant theories.Results of the Research: The article addresses the Indonesian Army and Police's involvement in human trafficking offenses, emphasizing the intricacies and problems of prosecuting such instances. The author believes that the judicial system must promote justice and openness in such circumstances. The Indonesian legal system recognizes both military and civilian jurisdiction over crimes committed by military personnel, but implementation gaps cause uncertainty and delays in judicial processes. Handling crimes involving several institutions necessitates close teamwork, particularly among the Indonesian army and police. The mechanism to facilitate collaborative processing of human trafficking cases is connectedness justice, which decides which court has the authority to punish members of the Indonesian army for human trafficking.
Government's Law Strategy in Dealing With Global Recession Turmoil 2023 to Strengthen Society's Economy
Authors: Mukidi Mukidi , Purba Nelvitia , Nurasiah Nurasiah , Muhlizar Muhlizar , Binti Seli Noor Zainee 
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The threat of a global economic recession in 2023 has been a topic of discussion lately. Various forms of trade both domestically and abroad are predicted to experience a decline. Of the potential economic threats that can occur due to two factors, both external and internal.Purposes of the Research: This study aims to analyze the Government’s law strategy in dealing with global recession turmoil 2023 to strengthen society’s economy in Indonesia.Methods of the Research: To analyze the problems in this article, the author uses empirical legal research types and then analyzes them with descriptive-analytic methods and uses a statutory approach related to the case approach as well as a philosophical, sociological approach. and juridical.Results of the Research: Facing these alarming global conditions, the Government of Indonesia has taken concrete steps, including by issuing Government Regulation in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 Concerning Job Creation (Perpu Cipta Kerja), which was promulgated on December 30, 2022, LN. 2022/No.238, TLN No.6841. The Job Creation Perpu contains content material that is loaded with the interests of the Indonesian state and people and in optimizing public services there is no violation of the law or the constitution, for the steps taken by the President. Our legal system has also regulated further procedures after the Perpu is promulgated, through the legal mechanisms and procedures that apply in parliament. It is time for us to see phenomena based on real facts and data clearly, based on academic logic. Not just an analysis without facts and different origins.
Why was Slavery not Abolished in 1798?
Authors: Alkemade Dirk 
Published: April 2024

The ‘problem of slavery’ was an important moral issue in the eighteenth-century Dutch enlightened press, but the increase in publications on this topic did not lead to any serious attempts to abolish the practice. This seemed to change during the Batavian Revolution, when abolition was briefly discussed in parliament. This article analyses Dutch anti-slavery debates, especially within the context of the Dutch revolutionary parliament in 1797. It shows that the humanitarian sentiments in these debates did not automatically lead to support for abolition. Only radical representatives argued for the abolishment of slavery on the grounds of ‘human rights’. On this basis, this article posits a hermeneutical distinction between anti-slavery and abolition.
Het ‘slavernijprobleem’ was een belangrijke morele kwestie in de achttiende-eeuwse Nederlandse verlichte pers. Toch leidde de toename van het aantal publicaties over dit onderwerp niet tot serieuze pogingen om deze praktijk af te schaffen. Dit leek te veranderen tijdens de Bataafse Revolutie, toen de afschaffing kortstondig in het parlement werd besproken. Dit artikel analyseert de Nederlandse anti slavernijdebatten, vooral binnen de context van het Nederlandse revolutionaire parlement in 1797. Het laat zien dat de menslievende sentimenten in deze debatten niet automatisch leidden tot steun voor de afschaffing. Alleen radicale volksvertegenwoordigers bepleitten de noodzaak van afschaffing op basis van ‘mensenrechten’. Dit artikel poneert daarom een hermeneutisch onderscheid tussen anti-slavernij en afschaffing.
Dynamical response of the southwestern Laurentide Ice Sheet to rapid Bølling–Allerød warming
Authors: Norris Sophie L. , Margold Martin , Evans David J. A. , Atkinson Nigel , Froese Duane G. 
Published: April 2024

Abstract. The shift in climate that occurred between the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the Early Holocene (ca. 18–12 kyr BP) displayed rates of temperature increase similar to present-day warming trends. The most rapid recorded changes in temperature occurred during the abrupt climate oscillations known as the Bølling–Allerød interstadial (14.7–12.9 kyr BP) and the Younger Dryas stadial (12.9–11.7 kyr BP). Reconstructing ice sheet dynamics during these climate oscillations provides the opportunity to assess long-term ice sheet evolution in reaction to a rapidly changing climate. Here, we use glacial geomorphological inversion methods (flowsets) to reconstruct the ice flow dynamics and the marginal retreat pattern of the southwestern sector of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (SWLIS). We combine our reconstruction with a recently compiled regional deglaciation chronology to depict ice flow dynamics that encompass the time period from pre-LGM to the Early Holocene. Our reconstruction portrays three macroscale reorganizations in the orientation and dynamics of ice streaming followed by regional deglaciation associated with rapid warming during the Bølling–Allerød interstadial. Initial westward flow is documented, likely associated with an early set of ice streams that formed during the advance to the LGM. During the LGM ice streaming displays a dominant north to south orientation. Ice sheet thinning at ∼15 ka is associated with a macroscale reorganization in ice stream flow, with a complex of ice streams recording south-eastward flow. A second macroscale reorganization in ice flow is then observed at ∼14 ka, in which southwestern ice flow is restricted to the Hay, Peace, Athabasca, and Churchill river lowlands. Rates of ice sheet retreat then slowed considerably during the Younger Dryas stadial; at this time, the ice margin was situated north of the Canadian Shield boundary and ice flow continued to be sourced from the northeast. Resulting from these changes in ice sheet dynamics, we recognize a three-part pattern of deglacial landform zonation within the SWLIS characterized by active ice margin recession, stagnation and downwasting punctuated by local surging (terrestrial ice sheet collapse): the outer deglacial zone contains large recessional moraines aligned with the direction of active ice margin retreat; the intermediate deglacial zone contains large regions of hummocky and stagnation terrain, in some areas crosscut by the signature of local surges, reflecting punctuated stagnation and downwasting; and the inner deglacial zone contains inset recessional moraines demarcating progressive regional ice margin retreat. We attribute these macroscale changes in ice flow geometry and associated deglacial behaviour to external climatic controls during the Bølling–Allerød and Younger Dryas but also recognize the role of internal (glaciological, lithological and topographic) controls in SWLIS dynamics.
RECONNAISSANCE SURVEY OF MOTHBALLED URANIUM MINING FACILITIES AND SETTLEMENTS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE NORTH-KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors: Subbotin S. B. , Krivitsky P. E. , Larionova N. V. , Aidarkhanova A. K. , Mamyrbayeva A. S. , Tleukanova Zh. E. , Aleksandrovich I. A. , Skripnikov M. V. , Bachurina I. A. , Ermakova R. G. 
Published: April 2024

This paper provides data of the reconnaissance (preliminary) radiation survey of mothballed uranium mining facilities (MUMF) and adjacent settlements in the southern part of the North-Kazakhstan region (NKR). It is shown that, according to the level of EDR values, MUMF locations, when the public periodically stays in these areas, do not pose any radiation hazard. The exception is Grachevskoe MUMF where EDR values reached up to 14.0 µSv/h. Around the settlements, EDR values vary from 0.1 to 0.5 µSv/h. Elevated values are noted on highways. Regulatory values of radon EEVA were also found to be significantly exceeded in Toksan bi vil. A minor excess of radon EEVA was detected in Novoukrainka vil. Exceedance of the content of 238U up to 4 MPC was detected in sources of drinking water supply. Exceedances of up to 5 MPC for 238U were also found in natural waters. The total alpha activity showed an excess of up to 15 MPC. Natural waters exhibit an excess of up to 10 MPC. Based upon the data analysis during the reconnaissance survey, the Grachevskoe MUMF and Novoukrainka settlement were selected for a detailed survey.
A Transitivity Analysis of Woman Representation in “Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust”
Authors: Fatima Anbarin , Shumaila Ashee  
Published: April 2024

One of the concerns of feminist linguists is to examine the language which is used to represent men and women of a society. The study in hand has considered this issue and tries to explore the language used by the female author dealing with issues of women of Pakistan. Shahla Abdullah's “Ashes to Ashes, Dust to Dust” is analyzed from the lens of the transitivity model. The emphasis is laid upon the woman's portrayal and the ideological representation through the transitivity patterning. The three steps analysis as given by Burton (1982) has been followed for the analysis of the data. Material and mental processes have been used dominantly with the frequency of 42.4% and 17% respectively which depicts the struggle of Pakistani women against oppression and marginalization. The findings demonstrate that the narrative constructed by Abdullah is the reiteration of the stereotypical woman who suffers due to the patriarchal setup and the hegemony of the male counterpart. The study concludes that being a woman, Abdullah could not deviate from the set norms and hence, is unable to construct a new discourse to inspire and empower the woman belonging to the underprivileged sect of society.