bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Diagnosis of acute and latent varicella‐zoster virus infections using the polymerase chain reaction
Authors: Dlugosch Dorothea , Eis‐Hübinger Anna M. , Kleim Jörg‐P. , Kaiser Rolf , Bierhoff Erhard , Schneweis Karl E. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA simplified assay for the diagnosis of varicellazoster virus (VZV) infections based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described. Omitting the procedures for extraction and purification of DNA, the crude vesicle fluid materials were used for PCR. Moreover, hybridization was not necessary for detection of the amplification products because they were already visible after ethidium bromide staining of the electrophoresis gel. Results could therefore be obtained within one day. In comparison to virus isolation, PCR proved much more rapid, highly sensitive, and specific. DNA extraction and a double PCR assay with nested primers were necessary for detection of latent VZV infections in trigeminal and thoracic ganglia. The data suggest that the procedures described are universally applicable to several types of specimens dependent on the calculated amount of target DNA.
A prospective study of in vitro anti‐HBs producing B cells (spot‐ELISA) following primary and supplementary vaccination with a recombinant hepatitis B vaccine in insulin dependent diabetic patients and matched controls
Authors: Wismans P. J. , Van Hattum J. , De Gast G. C. , Bouter K. P. , Diepersloot R. J. A. , Maikoe T. J. , Mudde G. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA prospective study of the immune response after hepatitis B vaccination was carried out in 32 insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients and their age and sex matched healthy controls. A sensitive, immunoenzymatic technique was used, able to detect in vitro specific antibody production by mitogen stimulated individual B cells.In‐vivo serologic response after vaccinationwith a standard scheme (0, 1 and 6 months) of 20 pg recombinant hepatitis B (HB) vaccine was significantly impaired in the IDDM patients both with respect to the number of nonresponders (25 versus 3%, P < 0.05) and antibody titers reached (1,377 vs. 9,060 IU/L, P < 0.05). The total number of in vitro IgM‐ and IgG‐class immunoglobulin producing B cells as detected by the spot‐ELISA, was found to be comparable in both groups. Specific IgG anti‐HBs (and to a lesser extent IgM anti‐HBs) showed impairment in the diabetic population as a whole. The number of IgG anti‐HBs producing B cells was mark‐ edly depressed one month following vaccination, which is probably a reflection of homing of B cells outside the circulation.Responding subjects were identified early during their vaccination by the detection of in vitro anti‐HBs production using the spot‐ELISA. Nonresponding healthy subjects and IDDM patients as a group showed a low number of IgG anti‐HBs spots, suggesting a reduced specific memory B cell frequency. In 13 of 15 hypo‐ and nonresponders with positive IgG anti‐HBs spots supplementary vaccination(s) resulted in improved anti‐HBs levels.
Direct isolation of inoue‐melnick virus from human colorectal carcinoma tissues but not from stomach carcinoma tissues
Authors: Inoue Y. K. , Nishibe Y. , Nakamura Y. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractInoue‐Melnick virus (IMV) was isolated directly from all of the seven human colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues studied, whereas IMV was not isolated from five human stomach carcinoma tissues. Seven isolates from the Japanese colorectal carcinoma tissues were identified as type 1 IMV by the neutralization test and were sensitive to phosphonoacetic acid, a growth inhibitor of IMV. Furthermore, type 1 IMV‐antibody was detected in six of seven sera of the patients whose colorectal carcinoma tissues were positive for virus isolation. In contrast, IMV‐antibody was not detected in the five sera of the patients whose stomach carcinoma tissues were tested and found negative for IMV.
Frequent isolation of intertypic poliovirus recombinants with serotype 2 specificity from vaccine‐associated polio cases
Authors: Lipskaya Galina Y. , Muzychenko A. R. , Kutitova Olga K. , Maslova Svetlana V. , Equestre M. , Drozdov S. G. , Bercoff R. Perez , Agol V. I. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractFive representatives from a collection of 21 Sabin type 2‐like poliovirus strains isolated from paralytic poliomyelitis cases in two regions of the USSR have been subjected t o limited nucleotide sequencing. All proved to be intertypic recombinants having the genes encoding capsid proteins of Sabin 2 origin and a 3'‐end portion of the genome derived from either type 1 (3 isolates) or type 3 (2 isolates) Sabin strains. The crossover points in all the 5 genomes have been mapped to different loci of the P3 region. At least 6 additional isolates from the same collection (and 2 isolates from healthy contacts), appeared to have a type 2/type 1 recombinant genome, as judged by oligonucleotide mapping. The biological significance of frequent occurrence of recombinants among field isolates of vaccine‐related strains is discussed.
Temperature enhancement of syncytium formation by HIV and sendai virus
Authors: Kinchington Derek , Barker William , Galpin Sarah , Apostolov Kosta 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSyncytium formation, the characteristic cytopathic effect (CPE) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and cell fusion by Sendai virus, is accelerated by increasing the ambient temperature to values at which normal metabolic activity is inhibited. Uninfected C8166, CEM, and H9 cells were absorbed at 4°C onto monolayers of H9 cells chronically infected with HIV and incubated subsequently at either 37°C or 45°C. Similarly chick and human erythrocytes and Hela cells were agglutinated with Sendai virus at 4°C before incubation at temperatures of up to 50°C. With both viruses the rate of cell fusion was directly related to temperature. Since membrane fluidity is dependent on the phase‐transition temperature points of the membrane lipids it is proposed that sufficient membrane fluidity is essential for cell fusion to occur. The implication of these observations on the cytopathology of HIV is discussed.
Characterization of a genetic variant of human hepatitis A virus
Authors: Khanna Bhawna , Spelbring John E. , Innis Bruce L. , Robertson Betty H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHuman isolates of hepatitis A (HAV) are a single serotype; however, recent genetic surveys using limited nucleotide sequencing have provided evidence that more than one genotype is responsible for HAV infection in different parts of the world (Jansen et al. [1990]: Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87:2867‐2871; Robertson et al. [1991] J Infect Dis 163:286‐292). One of these genotypes was originally isolated from Panamanian owl monkeys (strain PA21), but has subsequently been found associated with human cases of HAV from Sweden in 1979 (H‐122) and the United States of America in 1976 (GA76). The nucleic acid sequence of the exposed capsid polypeptide region of GA76 differs from other human HAV sequences by approximately 20%, yet differs by only 2.4% when compared with PI sequence of the PA21 strain. The 20% nucleic acid variability between GA76 and other human HAV results in limited amino acid changes (3%), while a comparison with PA21 revealed only four homologous amino acid substitutions within VP2, VP3, and VP1 polypeptides. HAV infected stool specimens from Nepal and northern India during 1989 and 1990 were found to contain virus whose genetic makeup was related t o the PA21 and GA76 isolates. This genotype of HAV appears to be circulating in some parts of the world where HAV is hyperendemic, and is a potential cause of hepatitis A infection within a susceptible population.
Significance of isolated anti‐HBc seropositivity by ELISA: Implications and the role of radioimmunoassay
Authors: Lai Ching‐Lung , Lau Johnson Y. N. , Yeoh Eng‐Kiong , Chang Wai‐Kwan , Lin Hsiang‐Ju 
Published: March 2007

AbstractHepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody to HBsAg (anti‐HBs) are excellent markers for HBV infection and its immunity. The significance of isolated antibody to HBV core antigen (anti‐HBc) seropositivity is not certain. To elucidate this, sera from 638 Chinese adult subjects, aged 18‐52 years, seronegative for both HBsAg and anti‐HBs, were tested for anti‐HBc. Fifty‐one (8%) were found to have an isolated anti‐HBc seropositivity by ELISA, and all were negative for IgM‐anti‐HBc. The anti‐HBc persisted in all subjects who attended follow‐up for hepatitis B vaccination (n = 48) for a period of 8 months. These 48 subjects received 3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HB‐VAX, 10 μg or 20 pg) a t 0, 1, and 6 months: 72.9% developed a primary anti‐HBs response (suggestive of a false‐positive anti‐HBc seropositivity), 4.2% developed an anamnestic or secondary anti‐HBs response, and 22.9% did not develop an anti‐HBs response. Increasing the cutoff point of the ELISA or reconfirmation with radioimmunoassay (RIA) reduced only a minor half of the false positives. This low specificity of anti‐HBc ELISNRIA, together with the high rate of anti‐HBs response to hepatitis B vaccine, indicates that subjects with isolated anti‐HBc seropositivity should be included in vaccination programs.
Serologic identification of hepatitis E virus infections in epidemic and endemic settings
Authors: Favorov M. O. , Fields H. A. , Purdy M. A. , Yashina T. L. , Aleksandrov A. G. , Alter M. J. , Yarasheva D. M. , Bradley D. W. , Margolis H. S. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractRecombinant chimeric protein C2 containing the N‐terminal region of trpE (37 kilodaltons [kDa]) and the C‐terminal half (46.8 kDa) of the polypeptide encoded by ORF2 of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) genome was used for the construction of a Western blot diagnostic test for IgG and IgM antibodies to the virus (anti‐HEV). (The C2 protein and the trpE protein devoid of C2 activity and used as a control for non‐specific reactions were purified by recovery from sodium dodecyl sulfate‐polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis [SDS‐PAGE] and used for preparation of strips). Specificity of the test was proven with sera obtained from patients with acute hepatitis non‐A, non‐B, non‐C (NANBNC) from outbreaks in different geographic regions of the world. IgG antibodies reactive to the recombinant C2 protein were detected in 93% of patients with acute hepatitis NANBNC and remained detectable in 89‐100% of these patients 1‐24 months after onset of jaundice. IgM antibodies were detected in 73% of patients within 26 days after onset of jaundice, in 50% 1‐4 months after onset, in 6% 6‐7 months after onset, and in no patients by 8 months after onset. When this test was used to identify sporadic hepatitis E cases in different regions of the world, such cases were found almost exclusively in areas where outbreaks of the disease had occurred and rarely in any other regions.
Detection of EBV DNA in post‐nasal space biopsy tissue from asymptomatic EBV‐seropositive individuals
Authors: Lees Janice F. , Goodeve Anne C. , Arrand Jane E. , Ghosh Anna K. , Jones Philip H. , Arrand John R. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe association between EBV and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) has been well documented although the precise role of the virus in the genesis of the tumour is not understood. We undertook this study to examine the prevalence of EBV infection in nasopharyngeal tissue obtained from 33 healthy individuals not considered to be at risk of developing NPC. Using polymerase chain amplification (PCR) and in situ hybridization we have identified EBV DNA in 70% (23/33) of the tissues examined. Our data demonstrate that EBV is present at the site of tumour development in the low‐risk population and by inference that the virus is also present before the onset of disease in the high‐risk group. This survey supports the concept of NPC pathogenesis as a multifactorial process. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Infection with hepatitis A, B, Delta, And human immunodeficiency viruses in children receiving cycled cancer chemotherapy
Authors: Kumar Archana , Misra P. K. , Rana G. S. , Mehrotra Raj 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSerological markers of hepatitis A, B, and Delta and human immunodeficiency viruses were studied in 25 children receiving cancer chemo‐therapy. Eighty‐eight percent had pre‐existing HAV immunity which was unaltered by chemo‐therapy. HDV infection was observed in 8% while HIV was conspicuous by its absence. Active HBV infection, observed in 76% of the children, was asymptomatic in the majority and was accompanied by a high incidence of HBe antigenaemia (57.9%) and its persistence. Pre‐existing anti‐HBs failed to prevent HBV infection recurrence, which was, however, transient and self‐limiting. Multi‐ple blood transfusions and repeated parenteral exposures appeared to be the possible sources of HBV acquisition. Transmission to close contacts was also observed. The study suggests that although HBV vaccine might not be protective against HBV infection in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy, it may prevent its persistence and thereby help in reducing chronic liver dis‐ease‐related morbidity and a highly infectious reservoir. Strict HBV screening of blood donors, exclusive use of disposable equipment, and vac‐cination of close contacts of cancer patients is recommended, particularly in HBV endemic third‐world countries. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Receptor for pre‐Sl(21–47) component of hepatitis B virus on the liver cell: Role in virus cell interaction
Authors: Dash Srikant , Rao Kanury V. S. , Panda Subrat K. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractAttachment of hepatitis B virus to a hepatoblastoma cell line (HepG2) was examined using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the pre‐S1 (21‐47) region of the envelope protein. Scatchard analysis revealed a single class binding site of Kd 104 ± 27 nM/I and 5.4 ± 1.2 × 105sites per cell. Competition of HBV with pre‐S1 peptides was dose dependent, and demonstrated it as the dominant binding site. In view of the suggested sequence homology between the peptide and IgA, cross‐competition studies were carried out. The results indicate no direct role of IgA receptor in HBV binding. The receptor for the pre‐S1 pep‐ tide was identified as a single major peptide of molecular weight 31 kD using in‐situ ligand receptor crosslinking. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Seroprevalence of hepatitis C antibody in Peru
Authors: Hyams Kenneth C. , Phillips Irving A. , Moran Alberto Yuen , Tejada Abelardo , Wignall F. Stephen , Escamilla Joel 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe prevalence in Peru of antibody to hepatitis C virus (anti‐HCV) was determined in a survey of populations living in the northern jungle region and in groups at high risk of parenterally and sexually transmitted diseases. All sera were initially screened for anti‐HCV using commercial first and second generation ELISAs; repeatedly reactive sera were further verified with a second generation immunoblot assay. Serum samples were also tested by ELISA for HBsAg, anti‐HBs, and anti‐HBc. None of 2,111 sera obtained in the survey of jungle residents was positive for anti‐HCV by immunoblot assay. Twelve of 16 HIV‐1antibody positive hemophiliacs, one of 103 HIV‐1 antibody positive homosexuals, and three of 602 HIV‐1 negative registered female prostitutes were positive for anti‐HCV. A high prevalence of total markers of hepatitis B infection was found in all subjects, especially in older subjects and groups at high risk of parenterally and sexually transmitted diseases. The findings of this study indicate that seropositivity for hepatitis C virus antibody is uncommon in Peru except in high risk groups and suggest that the epidemiology of hepatitis C differs substantially from hepatitis B. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Respiratory syncytial virus detection by dot blot hybridization with a nonradioactive synthetic oligo deoxynucleotide probe
Authors: Hernández Oscar , Fernandez Jorge , Valenzuela Sofia , Sandino Ana Maria , Pizarro Jaqueline , Vasquez Monica , Yudelevich Arturo , Spencer Eugenio 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide corresponding to a region of the nucleocapside gene (N) of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), was used as a DNA probe to develop a nonradioactive hybridization assay for the detection of RSV. The probe was labeled by incorporation of biotin‐7‐dATP to the 3′ end by a reaction catalyzed by terminal deoxynucleotydil transferase.The dot blot hybridization assay was found to be specific for RSV when tested against RSV isolates (subgroups A and B) obtained from cell cultures and isolates of adenovirus, reovirus, rotavirus, and pararotavirus. The assay detected both RSV subgroups (A and B) without significant differences. The dot blot hybridization assay using the nonradioactive probe led to similar results to indirect immunofluorescence (IFI) when tested against a panel of 64 clinical samples from nasopharyngeal secretions of infants with clinical symptoms of respiratory disease. This assay may provide the basis for a rapid, simple, and inexpensive method for routine RSV diagnosis. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of precursors of structural proteins VP1 and VP2 of hepatitis A virus
Authors: Kusov Yuri Yu. , Kazachkov Yuri A. , Dzagurov Georgy K. , Khozinskaya Galina A. , Balayan Mikhail S. , Gauss‐Müller Verena 
Published: March 2007

AbstractThe morphogenetic pathway of hepatitis A virus (HAV), classified as a member of the enteroviruses within the Picornaviridae, still remains obscure and seems to differ considerably from that of poliovirus, the most studied representative of this genus. In order to elucidate the precursor/product relationship of HAV structural proteins, subviral particles, which represent more than 50% of the viral antigen produced in infected cells, were separated from mature virions and their polypeptide pattern was analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting using monospecific antisera. Whereas mature virions are composed of viral proteins VP1, VP2, and VP3, subviral particles contained VP0 and smaller polypeptides instead of VP2. Comparison of proteins of different strains of HAV showed that VP0 of strain HAS‐15 migrated slower than that of strains MBB or GBM. During the course of the infectious cycle, VP0 accumulated and only small portions were converted to VP2 supporting earlier observations that encapsidation of RNA with concomitant cleavage of VP0 is rate‐limiting, leaving a large amount of viral antigen in premature particles. Similar to VP0, accumulation of VP1 was observed and two immunologically related precursor proteins, p38 and p36, were found during the course of infection. Immunological characterization of p38 using antisera directed to the N‐terminus of VP1 and to synthetic peptides located at the presumptive C‐ and N‐termini of 2A suggests that p38 is VP1Δ2A carrying 45 N‐terminal amino acids of the P2‐region. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dideoxyinosine for chronic hepatitis B infection
Authors: Catterall Adrian P. , Moyle Graham J. , Hopes Elaine A. , Harrison Tim J. , Gazzard Brian G. , Murray‐Lyon Iain M. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractSix patients positive for both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B were studied to assess the effect of dideoxyinosine (DDI) on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication. Two patients died during the follow‐up period and four had at least 8 weeks of therapy. One patient demonstrated HBV DNA suppression and became transiently negative. In the remaining five patients, there was no appreciable change in HBV DNA levels during DDI therapy. DDI was well tolerated in all patients, the only significant side effect being diarrhoea.It is concluded that DDI has no notable antiviral effect in patients with chronic HBV infection when coinfected with HIV. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterisation by restriction mapping of three subtypes of Molluscum contagiosum virus
Authors: Porter C. D. , Archard L. C. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractDNA from Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) isolates was analysed by restriction endonuclease digestion, identifying three virus subtypes. The structural features of MCV DNA are typical of poxviral DNA. Physical maps of cleavage sites for BamHI, Clal, and Hindlll were constructed for single isolates of each subtype. These differ extensively, indicating the independence of the three subtypes. However, they are closely related, as determined by molecular hybridisation and nucleotide sequence analysis, and their genomes are essentially colinear. There is marked geographical variation in the relative incidence of MCV I and II, whilst MCV Ill is uniformly rare. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Improved detection of cytomegalovirus viremia in AIDS patients using shell vial and indirect immunoperoxidase methodologies
Authors: Lipson Steven M. , Kaplan Mark H. , Simon Jacob K. , Ciamician Zarui , Tseng Ling‐Fang 
Published: March 2007

AbstractOne hundred twelve peripheral blood specimens were tested for the presence of cytomegalovirus (CMV) by the tube culture indirect immunoperoxidase (TC‐IPA) procedure, the shell vial assay [shell vials were pre‐ and postinoculation treated with medium containing 2 of 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) or 100 μg% cortisol] (SV‐IFA), and conventional (MRC‐5) tube cultures (TC‐CPE). CMV was detected in 25 (22%) of the 11 2 specimens tested by at least one of these methods. The detection/isolation of CMV among the 25 positive specimens in shell vials maintained with 2% FBS, 100 μg% cortisol + 2% FBS, and 10% FBS was 36,44, and 52%, respectively. Detection/ isolation of the virus from blood by TC‐IPA and TC‐CPE was 52% and 76%, respectively. A significantly greater CMV detection rate occurred using TC‐CPE compared to SV‐IFA treated with medium supplemented with an FBS concentration of 2% (P = .01321, but not medium containing the higher serum supplement or the glucocorticoid (P > .05). Differences in the identification of a CMV viremia were observed by IPA, SV‐IFA, and TC‐CPE methodologies on a patient‐to‐patient basis, denoting the necessity of incorporating each methodology into the CMV screening panel. Demographic analysis of 82 AIDS patients showed a CMV viremia prevalence of 9% (2128) in intravenous drug users, 57% (27/47) in homosexual patients, and 22% (2/9) in heterosexual and transfusion patients, Overnight (24 hr) storage of whole blood at 4 or 24°C, respectively, reduced CMV recovery by 40% and 6570, when tested by TC‐CPE. Improved culture‐based detectioniisolation of CMV in peripheral blood is contingent upon prompt specimen processing, and the utilization of combined SV‐IFA, TC‐IPA, and TC‐CPE methods. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Monitoring of patients for cytomegalovirus after organ transplantation by centrifugation culture and PCR
Authors: Prösch Susanna , Kimel Viktor , Dawydowa Irina , Krüger Detlev H. 
Published: March 2007

AbstractA modified centrifugation culture technique and a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is described for detection of early antigen and IE antigen DNA, respectively, for rapid and sensitive monitoring of active cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection after organ transplantation.In a preliminary study, 541 clinical specimens (blood, urine, bronchoalveolar lavage, pharyngeal wash, sputum) from 59 organ recipients were assayed for HCMV antigen by centrifugation culture; 144 samples were tested by PCR simultaneously. Antigenemia detected by centrifugation culture correlated strongly with active HCMV infection and clinical symptoms and proved useful for monitoring the efficacy of anti‐viral therapy. PCR was more sensitive in an earlier phase of infection when centrifugation culture was still negative. The clinical usefulness of both methods is discussed. © 1992 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.