bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
COMPARISON OF VARIOUS METHODS FOR THE CHEMICAL ASSAY OF CORTICOIDS IN URINE
Authors: Sprechler Mogens 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Since 1949 about 10,000 urinary corticoid analyses have been performed routinely in our laboratory. The method used for this purpose was described in 1950 (Sprechler). We determine the corticoids which can be extracted from the urine with chloroform immediately after acidification to pH 1. The extract is washed with sodium hydroxide and water, a Girard separation is performed, and finally the reducing power of the ketonic fraction is measured by means of the phosphomolybdic acid reagent reaction.
During the last few years two other chemical reactions have been used for comparison: The formaldehyde and the Porter-Silber method. After a thorough examination of the above methods a standard technique was followed. In the formaldehyde method a microdiffusion in a Conway unit was used instead of distillation of the formaldehyde following the oxidation with periodic acid. The calibration curve was corrected for loss of material by taking the standard doses of DOC through all the procedures of the method. A micromodification of the Porter-Silber method was chosen.
Furthermore attempts were made to determine how specific the chromatographic procedure is in the determination of steroids in urinary extracts. For this purpose the Florisil column was used, and the technique described by Nelson & Samuels was followed.
Finally we have investigated the glucuronide-bound corticoids in urine in a smaller series of objects.
TUMOURS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND THE THYROID IN MICE
Authors: Mühlbock O. 
Published: December 2008

SUMMARY
Hypophyseal tumours in mice develop after prolonged treatment with oestrogens, after injection of radioactive iodine in doses which destroy the thyroid tissue and after prolonged treatment with thiouracil-derivatives. The tumours of the hypophysis only occur in certain strains of mice and hence the genetic constitution is of importance. The origin of this difference between strains has hitherto remained completely obscure. The hypophyseal tumours in mice seen following administration of oestrogens and those observed after destruction of the thyroid gland are morphologically similar. They consist of cells staining blue to varying degrees, and they may thus be termed amphophile tumours. The possible mechanism of development of the hypophyseal tumours has been discussed.
ON THE EFFECT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND GOITRE ON AORTIC HISTOPATHOLOGY AND MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE CONTENT
Authors: Uotila U. , Levonen E. , Raekallio J. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of goitre on aortic mucopolysaccharides in sclerotic and nonsclerotic subjects was studied by histological and biochemical methods. Atherosclerosis alone lowers the quantity of aortic acid mucopolysaccharides. Goitre alone shows a tendency to increase the mucopolysaccharide content of the aorta. Goitre accelerates the effect of atherosclerosis in decreasing the aortic mucopolysaccharides, i. e. fibrosing and sclerosing effect. Histological observations reveal that atherosclerosis is characterized, in all groups, by fatty degeneration of intima and inner elastic membrane and destruction of the elastic connective tissue, and in the process of repair the mucopolysaccharides increase. In connection with the ensuing collagenization, the mucopolysaccharides decrease. It is suggested that goitre by hypo- or hyperfunction causes metabolic disturbances in the aortic wall and thus promotes atherosclerosis.
PITUITARY GONADOTROPHIN INHIBITION BY SUBCUTANEOUSLY ADMINISTERED STEROIDS
Authors: Kincl Fred A. , Ringold Howard J. , Dorfman Ralph I. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The anti-gonadotrophic activity of various new steroids was assessed by a parabiosis assay method using a normal female and a castrated male rat. 4-Chloro-17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone and 2α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-19-norandrostan-3-one showed a relatively high anti-pituitary activity and a high levator ani effect, while the stimulation of the seminal vesicles and prostate were minimum. 2α-Fluoro-17α-ethynyltestosterone and 2-benzoyloxymethylene-17α-methyl-17-β-hydroxyandrostan-3-one possess a disproportionately high anti-pituitary activity.
DIE INITIALE VERTEILUNG VON RADIO-C IN MAUS UND RATTE NACH VERABREICHUNG VON TESTOSTERON-4-14C
Authors: Dirscherl W. , Mosebach K.-O. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The distribution of testosterone-4-14C was studied in castrated male albino mice and in one normal male albino rat. Physiological amounts of the steroid were injected intraperitoneally and the specific activities nc/mg carbon during the first four hours after application determined.
Ten minutes after injection, substantial differences of activity in the various organs could be observed; they were levelled off after about two hours. Before the onset of excretion, there was a relative accumulation of activity in the genito-urinary tract whereas the activity of the blood was below the average from the beginning.
Observations by other researchers regarding the liver as being the major organ for the accumulation of testosterone can be confirmed. The same holds true for the assumption of an enterohepatic circle.
Furthermore, the activities of protein fractions of various organs were estimated.
EFFECT OF OESTRADIOL CYCLOPENTYLPROPIONATE ON SERUM AND LIVER LIPIDS AND AORTIC 35S-SULPHATED MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDES IN COCKERELS FED NORMAL OR ATHEROGENIC DIET
Authors: Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Effect of a single dose of 5 mg oestradiol cyclopentylpropionate on lipids of serum and liver and on 35S-sulphated mucopolysaccharides of aorta in 3 week old cockerels was studied. Birds were fed normal or cholesterol rich diet. Significant rise of serum and liver lipids was observed in birds on the 7th day after the dosage of hormone and this effect of oestradiol was not modified by the quality of diet. Significant increase of 35S-uptake by sulphated mucopolysaccharides of the aorta was observed in cockerels treated with oestradiol, or given cholesterol diet alone.
INTERACTIONS OF OESTRONE AND TESTOSTERONE ON MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE RABBITS
Authors: Bengtsson B. , Norgren A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary glands of castrated male rabbits was studied. Testosterone propionate was used in daily doses from 0.5 to 80 mg. The doses of oestrone ranged from 0.05 to 25 μg per day. Mammary glands were examined after 14, 28 or 56 days of injections.
1) Testosterone in doses below 20 mg failed to affect the mammary glands. With 40 or 80 mg a distinct, though abnormal growth reaction was consistently obtained. 2) Oestrone in doses lower than 0.5 μg did not stimulate mammary growth. With 0.5 μg and higher doses extensive growth of the mammary glands occurred. Stunted growth and secretion were found in the mammary glands of rabbits injected with 12.5 or 25 μg oestrone. 3) Testosterone in doses of 1 or 5 to 10 mg depressed or abolished the response of the mammary glands to 0.5 μg oestrone. When testosterone, in doses ineffective when given alone, was added to at least 3.125 μg oestrone, the mammary glands developed alveoli. The abnormalities produced by the highest doses of oestrone studied were exaggerated by the addition of testosterone. 4) The observations indicate a complicated interplay between the actions of testosterone and oestrone on the mammary gland of the rabbit. The interactions between testosterone and oestrone are presumably different from those observed between progesterone and oestrone.
VASCULAR CONNECTIVE TISSUE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THYROXINE
Authors: Lorenzen lb 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Biochemical and histological changes in the aortic wall of rabbits were demonstrated following injection of epinephrine and l-thyroxine during 2 weeks. The widespread gross and microscopic changes were accompanied by an increase in hexosamine content and uptake of 35S labeled sodium sulphate, and an increased calcium content, whereas the collagen content, assessed by determination of hydroxyproline, was reduced. Comparison with the effect of epinephrine injections alone showed that thyroxine intensified the damaging effect of epinephrine on the vessel wall and induced more pronounced mucopolysaccharide changes in the aortic wall, presumably acting as a link in the healing processes.
COMPARISON OF THE EFFECTS OF VARIOUS GOITROGENS ON THE BIOSYNTHESIS OF THYROID HORMONES IN VITRO
Authors: Iino Shiro 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effect of various goitrogens on in vitro biosynthesis of thyroid horhomes was studied. The compounds in decreasing order of relative activity to completely inhibit DIT formation were 1-methyl-2-mercaptoimidazole (MIA), thiouracil (TU); propylthiouracil PTU) and goitrin; thiourea and methylthiouracil (MTU). Those in decreasing order of relative activity to completely inhibit MIT formation were MIA; PTU, MTU, TU and thiourea; goitrin. Of the compounds tested MIA was thus the most potent inhibitor of the rat thyroid gland in vitro. The conversion of monoiodotyrosine to diiodotyrosine was more sensitive to every goitrogen than the iodination of tyrosine to form monoiodotyrosine. The modes of action of these antithyroid drugs seemed to be approximately the same, except for goitrin, which showed very weak inhibition of MIT formation. Progoitrin, the precursor of goitrin, did not seem to possess any antithyroid activity.
A BIOLOGIC CONCEPT OF ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION
Authors: Gabrilove J. Lester 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A hypothesis is presented to explain the abnormalities and syndromes seen in congenital adrenocortical hyperplasia and to unify the syndromes of adrenocortical hyperfunction seen in the human adult. It is suggested that phylogenetically only sex hormones were originally elaborated by the adrenal cortex. Subsequently, the adrenal cortex acquired the ability to convert progesterone to corticosterone and aldosterone in order to facilitate renal conservation of sodium. Still later the process of 17 hydroxylation and presumably corticotrophin secretion were evolved. The relation of this hypothesis to adrenocortical hyperfunction is discussed.
SENSITIZATION BY CHLORIDE DEFICIENCY TO CORTICOID-INDUCED CARDIAC NECROSES
Authors: Bajusz Eörs , Selye Hans 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The effects of variations in dietary chloride intake upon the cardiotoxic effect of fluorocortisol and/or certain Na-salts were studied. It was observed that overdosage with fluorocortisol, NaHCO3, Na-citrate, Na-glutamate or Na-succinate is well tolerated by rats kept on synthetic diets. However, combined administration of fluorocortisol and the same Na-salts produces massive and sometimes fatal myocardial necroses when the chloride content of the diet is lowered from a basic 0.953 % to 0.035 %. It appears that chloride deficiency selectively sensitizes the heart muscle to this potentially cardiotoxic electrolyte-steroid interaction.
STRENGTH OF CALLUS IN FRACTURED HUMERUS OF RAT TREATED WITH ANTI-ANABOLIC AND ANABOLIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Wiancko K. B. , Kowalewski K. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Anti-anabolic action of a lathyrus factor (BAPN) and of cortisone and anabolic action of androgenic steroids Dianabol (17α-methyl-17β-hydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-one) and Ora-Testryl (9α-fluoro-11β-hydroxy-17α-methyltestosterone) on the healing of fractured humeri in rats was investigated. Tensile strength of healing callus measured at 1st, 2nd and 3rd week after fracture was determined to assess the difference in action between the compounds studied. Healing bones were also studied histologically.
Significant decrease of tensile strength of callus was observed in BAPN treated rats at 2nd and 3rd week after fracture. Less marked decrease was noted in cortisone treated animals. Certain delay of new bone formation was notable, histologically, in callus of animals treated with anti-anabolic compounds.
Both androgens studied were found to increase significantly tensile strength of callus at 1st and 2nd week after fracture. Increase of tensile strength was associated with marked stimulation of new bone formation and calcification of callus, observed on histological preparations.
THE EFFECT OF RESERPINE ON THYROXINE DEGRADATION AND THYROTROPHIN SECRETION
Authors: Yamazaki E. , Slingerland D. W. , Noguchi A. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
In m ce toxic doses of reserpine were required to reduce significantly the fractional rate of turnover of radiothyroxine. Reserpine did not reduce the effect of exogenous thyrotrophin in increasing the release of thyroidal radioiodine (as measured by blood radioactivity). The return to a normal rate of release of thyroidal radioiodine following a single injection of thyroxine was questionably delayed, certainly not expedited, by reserpine. Reserpine probably does not antagonize thyroxine or thyrotrophin directly but may rather suppress the secretion of thyrotrophin.
OESTROGEN METABOLISM IN WOMEN WITH CIRRHOSIS OF THE LIVER
Authors: Lyngbye Jørgen , Mogensen Erik F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of oestrogens was studied before and after administration of oestradiol in five patients with cirrhosis of the liver. The results were compared with values observed in two control subjects and with the results obtained by other authors. The capacity of converting oestradiol-17β into oestriol was found to be impaired in two very ill patients. The discrepancy between the results obtained by biological and by chemical methods is discussed.
EXCRETION DES STEROIDES CHEZ DES FEMMES PRESENTANT UN VIRILISME PILAIRE ASSOCIE A DES TROUBLES DU CYCLE MENSTRUEL
Authors: Jayle M. F. , Scholler R. , Mauvais-Jarvis P. , Métay S. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The authors present 39 observations of hirsutism or hairy virilism associated with important disturbances of the menstrual cycle and in whom they find no abnormality of the steroid secretion of adrenocortical origin. The observations included 20 cases of amenorrhoea and 19 cases of spaniomenorrhoea or hypomenorrhoea with ovular cycle.
After administration of 15 mg of dexamethasone or 9α-fluoro-16α-methyl-prednisolone in five consecutive days, they have ascertained the existence of an appreciable amount of residual 1 7-ketosteroids, values of which were significantly increased, as compared with those found in normal women, whom presented a hairy virilism of adreno-cortical origin with normal or moderately increased values of 17-ketosteroids.
Moreover, most of these subjects showed an abnormal increase of the phenolsteroids, bearing most often on the oestriol fraction.
The authors deem that these abnormalities of the excretion of the residual 17-ketosteroids and phenolsteroids after suppression of corticotrophin activity by dexamethasone is caracteristic of the ovarian origin of the hairy virilism.
ISOLIERUNG UND QUANTITATIVE BESTIMMUNG DER 4 EPIMEREN ÖSTRIOLE NACH INJEKTION VON 16α- UND 16β-HYDROXYÖSTRON BEIM MENSCHEN
Authors: Nocke W. , Breuer H. , Knuppen R. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Isolation and quantitative estimation of the four epimeric oestriols following the injection of 16α- and 16β-hydroxyoestrone in man.
7.4 mg 16α-hydroxyoestrone were administered by intramuscular injection to a normal man. Three phenolic metabolites were isolated from urine and identified as oestriol, 17-epioestriol and 16-epioestriol. The total excretion in urine amounted to 1.762 mg oestriol, 0.031 mg 17-epioestriol and 0.163 mg 16-epioestriol.
When 10.0 mg 16β-hydroxyoestrone diacetate were administered to a normal man, the following metabolites were isolated and identified: 16-epioestriol, 16.17-epioestriol and oestriol. The total excretion in urine was 1.377 mg 16-epioestriol, 0.086 mg 16,17-epioestriol and 1.332 mg oestriol. These findings confirm previous experiments with human liver slices and show that in addition to a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase a 17α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is present in man. It should be noted, however, that the amount of 17α-hydroxy-compounds excreted in urine was much smaller than that of 17β-hydroxy-compounds.
THE EFFECT OF ADRENALECTOMY ON THE URINARY EXCRETION OF HISTAMINE IN THE RAT
Authors: Angervall L. , Bjurö T. , Westling H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The urinary excretion of histamine was followed in female rats after adrenalectomy or sham operation.
The urinary histamine in adrenalectomized rats kept on saline showed a progressive increase from the 4th postoperative day. In rats kept on water the urinary histamine was unchanged until the 8th day when an increase took place.
At 7 to 16 days after adrenalectomy, the high urinary histamine level in rats kept on saline could be lowered by changing over to water as drinking fluid. The substitution of saline instead of water had the opposite effect on the urinary histamine excretion.
Cortexone did not prevent the increase in urinary excretion of histamine in adrenalectomized rats kept on saline.
Cortisone and cortisol caused an immediate increase in urinary histamine levels in adrenalectomized rats on saline with a subsequent slow reduction. Sham operation induced a small temporary increase in the urinary histamine.
URINARY STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN BEFORE AND AFTER CORTICOTROPHIN
Authors: Steinbeck A. W. , Theile Helen 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Women in the 27th to 37th week of pregnancy were studied. The administration of corticotrophin did not consistently increase the urinary output of steroids and the actual outputs after corticotrophin were lower than for a comparable sample of normal subjects. Also, there was a dissociation between plasma and urine steroids, which is not a constant feature of Cushing's syndrome.
ZUR EXTRARENALEN WIRKUNG VON MINERALOCORTICOIDEN
Authors: Wahle Hans , Dirscherl Wilhelm 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The possible extrarenal action of mineralocorticoids has been investigated on the larva of the lamprey (Petromyzon planeri, Bloch; »lamper eel«). The chorda sheath of this animal yields cell-free connective tissue which promised to be valuable for demonstrating a hormone dependant interstitial shifting of electrolytes. Muscle as a prevalent cellular tissue served for investigating the intracellular shifting of electrolytes.
The effect of fluorohydrocortisone and of cortisone – in the presence and absence of potassium – was investigated by adding the hormones to the water in which the animals were kept. With fluorohydrocortisone, interstitial electrolyte shifts (loss of sodium, retention of potassium) could be observed only in the presence of potassium. In the absence of potassium, fluorohydrocortisone caused an intracellular sodium retention.
THE DISAPPEARANCE RATE OF PLASMA CORTICOIDS IN PATIENTS WITH SUPPRESSED ADRENOCORTICAL PRODUCTION
Authors: De Moor Pieter , Hinnekens Marc 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Using a new fluorimetric assay method, values of cortisol (11β,17,21-trihydroxy-pregn-4-ene-3,20-dione) removal rates and apparent distribution volume (A. D. V.) similar to those previously described in the literature were found after administration of pharmacological doses of cortisol. The above mentioned parameters are only slightly influenced by the oestrogens normally produced in premenopausal women or by old age. In cases of obesity there is an increased plasma removal of cortisol but the A. D. V. remains normal; this may represent an effect opposite to the starvation effect described recently. After adrenal production is blocked, the removal of the endogenous corticosteroids is slower than after administration of pharmacological doses of cortisol. This is apparently due to a better »protection« at low plasma cortisol levels by the transcortine mechanism.
DIE METABOLITE IM MENSCHLICHEN HARN NACH VERABREICHUNG VON 17α-AETHINYL-19-NORTESTOSTERON (NORAETHISTERON)
Authors: Langecker H. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
The metabolites of 17α-ethynyl-19-nortestosterone were determined in the urine of 5 postmenopausal women. Only a small fraction of the unchanged compound and a small amount of Δ4-3-ketosteroids which still carry the ethynyl group at carbon 17 as well as traces of steroid alcohols are excreted. Ethinyloestradiol was identified by paper chromatography. The inhibitory effect of the 17-alkylation on steroid metabolism is discussed.
COMPETITION OF CADMIUM FOR ZINC IN RAT TESTIS AND DORSOLATERAL PROSTATE
Authors: Gunn Samuel A. , Gould Thelma Clark , Anderson W. A. D. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Cadmium has been shown to produce acute destruction of testes and permanent sterility in male rats with doses which apparently do not damage other tissues. Since this testicular injury could be prevented, at least temporarily, by the simultaneous administration of large doses of zinc it appeared that cadmium was exerting its toxic effects by virtue of competition for essential sites normally occupied by zinc. The results of this paper show that the capacity of the testis and dorsolateral prostate to take up administered 65Zn is depressed by the presence of cadmium. Former studies have shown that in both testis and dorsolateral prostate the amount of 65Zn taken up is under hormonal (I. C. S. H. or androgen) control. In contrast the 65Zn uptake of the ventral prostate, which is not under I. C. S. H. or androgen control, is not altered by the presence of cadmium. Cadmium does not interfere with the reproductive capacities of female rats, nor does it cause any alteration of 65Zn uptake by ovary or uterine tract tissues. In view of the selective interference of cadmium with 65Zn uptake of only testis and dorsolateral prostate, it appears that the zinc complexes of these two organs, both of which are under I. C. S. H. or androgen control, differ from the zinc complexes of other organs.
CONTRIBUTION A L'ETUDE DE LA FORMATION D'ANDROGENES PAR L'OVAIRE
Authors: Seeman A. , Saracino R. T. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
A comparison between the level of the 17-ketosteroids in the blood of the ovarian vein and the peripheral blood has been achieved. A very important difference (138 μg ± 38.1) in favour of the level in the ovarian vein is demonstrated.
Furthermore the bilateral castration or the wedge resection of the ovary, in patients studied, is shown to be followed by a very important decrease in the level of the 17-ketosteroids in the peripheric blood.
FURTHER STUDIES OF THE METABOLISM OF OESTRADIOL IN MAN
Authors: Fishman Jack , Bradlow H. Leon , Zumoff Barnett , Hellman Leon , Gallagher T. F. 
Published: December 2008

ABSTRACT
Oestradiol-17β labeled with tritium in the α orientation of C-17 was administered intravenously to two women. Oestrone, oestradiol, oestriol and 3α-hydroxypregnan-20-one were isolated from the urine and the isotope incorporated into these metabolites was measured. The results supported the prior conclusion that oestradiol is rapidly oxidized in vivo and that oestrone serves as the immediate precursor of oestriol. A possible explanation is offered for the presence of trace quantities of isotope in oestriol and 3α-hydroxypregnan-20-one.