bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Surgical Anatomy of Microneurosurgical Sulcal Key Points
Authors: Ribas Guilherme C. , Yasuda Alexandre , Ribas Eduardo C. , Nishikuni Koshiro , Rodrigues Aldo J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOBJECTIVE:The brain sulci constitute the main microanatomic delimiting landmarks and surgical corridors of modern microneurosurgery. Because of the frequent difficulty in intraoperatively localizing and visually identifying the brain sulci with assurance, the main purpose of this study was to establish cortical/sulcal key points of primary microneurosurgical importance to provide a sulcal anatomic framework for the placement of craniotomies and to facilitate the main sulci intraoperative identification.METHODS:The study was performed through the evaluation of 32 formalin-fixed cerebral hemispheres of 16 adult cadavers, which had been removed from the skulls after the introduction of plastic catheters through properly positioned burr holes necessary for the evaluation of cranial–cerebral relationships. Three-dimensional anatomic and surgical images are displayed to illustrate the use of sulcal key points.RESULTS:The points studied were the anterior sylvian point, the inferior rolandic point, the intersection of the inferior frontal sulcus with the precentral sulcus, the intersection of the superior frontal sulcus with the precentral sulcus, the superior rolandic point, the intersection of the intraparietal sulcus with the postcentral sulcus, the superior point of the parieto-occipital sulcus, the euryon (the craniometric point that corresponds to the center of the parietal tuberosity), the posterior point of the superior temporal sulcus, and the opisthocranion, which corresponds to the most prominent point of the occipital bossa. These points presented regular neural and cranial–cerebral relationships and can be considered consistent microsurgical cortical key points.CONCLUSION:These sulcal and gyral key points can be particularly useful for initial intraoperative sulci identification and dissection. Together, they compose a framework that can help in the understanding of hemispheric lesion localization, in the placement of supratentorial craniotomies, as landmarks for the transsulcal approaches to periven-tricular and intraventricular lesions, and in orienting the anatomic removal of gyral sectors that contain infiltrative tumors.
Influence of ultraviolet radiation on selected physiological responses of earthworms
Authors: Chuang Shu-Chun , Lai Wei-Shan , Chen Jiun-Hong 
Published: October 2006

SUMMARYThe purpose of this study was to investigate the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on earthworms. Earthworms that crawl out of the soil may die within a few hours after sunrise. This study shows that UV exposure can be lethal. In general, UV-B had a stronger damaging effect than UV-A. Different species of earthworms had different tolerances to UV exposure. In this study, Pontoscolex corethrurus showed the highest tolerance of the three tested species to UV radiation, while Amynthas graciliswas the most sensitive. UV radiation induced both acute and chronic responses. The acute response, which occurred immediately on or after UV exposure, was characterized by the appearance of abnormally strong muscle contractions,including S-shaped movements and jumping behavior, possibly caused by bad coordination between the circular and longitudinal muscles. The chronic response included damage to the skin and muscle cells, which resulted in a high mortality rate. Oxygen consumption by A. gracilis was significantly decreased after exposure to UV-A or UV-B. Since the circulation in earthworms is mediated by muscle contraction and the skin is the main organ of respiration, it is reasonable to expect that abnormal muscle contraction and a damaged epithelium could cause suffocation. Because of their sensitive responses, we propose that some earthworms, such as A. gracilis,could serve as a new model for studying UV-induced photodamage.
Electrophysiological responses from the cochlea and inferior colliculus in guinea pigs after head injury
Authors: Makishima Kazumi , Snow James B. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractElectrical responses from the inferior colliculus (ER) and round window (CP) to acoustical stimuli were compared in control and experimental guinea pigs which had received a single blow to the freely movable head. After the blow to the head, all of the animals showed signs of commotio cerebri, and some of them died. The experimental animals were divided into two groups so that the physiologic responses to sound could be evaluated one day (early group) and seven days (intermediate group) following the head blow. The animals of the early group had elevated ER thresholds over the entire frequency range tested with an average threshold of 37.8 db. The animals of the intermediate group also had elevated ER thresholds which averaged 23.9 db. Input‐output intensity function of ER for the experimental animals showed a recruitment‐like phenomenon. The CP thresholds in the injured animals did not differ significantly from those in the control group. Damage to the VIIIth nerve and higher central pathways is very likely a more frequent cause of the otoneurologic manifestations following head injury than end organ damage.
Preoperative laminagraphic evaluation of the sphenoid sinus for transsphenoidal surgery
Authors: Rothman S. L. G. , Kier E. L. , Kirchner J. A. , Allen W. E. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIn recent years the transethmoidal and transnasal approaches to the pituitary gland have become increasingly popular. In each case, detailed preoperative analysis of the anatomy of the sphenoid sinus and its boundaries is crucial in facilitating entry to the pituitary fossa and in reducing intraoperative complications.Certain operative difficulties and complications are the result of the marked variability in the anatomy of the sphenoid bone and its sinus. These include: loss of orientation within a capacious sinus; perforation of the carotid artery or cavernous sinus; injury to the optic nerve or ophthalmic artery; and violation of the subarachnoid space with resultant pneumocephalus or cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea.Pneumatization develops originally within the presphenoid, beginning anteriorly and proceeding posteriorly. Around the time of puberty the pneumatization usually penetrates up to the spheno‐occipital synchondrosis. Dense bony septa remain within the sinus along the plane of fusion of the various sphenoidal segments.Preoperative laminagraphy of these ridges and septa is extremely helpful in planning the safest and most direct route to the sella. Laminagraphy is preferable to routine skull films because the septal detail is unobscured by the overlying facial structures. Pleuridirectional laminagraphic motion (circular or hypocycloidal) is preferred to linear motion because of the clarity and detail that they provide.
Meningoencephalocele of the paranasal sinuses
Authors: Kane Arden M. , Loré John 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMeningoencephaloceles are not commonly seen by the otolaryngologist. They occur most frequently in the lumbosacral area where they are five times as common as in the occipital area. The anterior cranial presentation is quite rare.Most patients with meningoencephaloceles present early with large lesions and are treated by the neurosurgeon. Two patients are presented who had small meningoencephaloceles which were located in the paranasal sinuses and successfully treated by an extracranial approach. This approach is recommended for those lesions of the paranasal sinus where the resulting bony defect from the removal of the lesion is small and the sinus is not infected.
The negative acoustic reflex in retrocochlear disorders
Authors: Mangham Charles A. , Lindeman Roger C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe most frequent impedance abnormality of an acoustic tumor is an absent reflex. However, this finding also occurs with middle ear disorders and is therefore nonspecific.This study recorded the contralateral acoustic reflex of human subjects suspected of having an acoustic tumor. Many tumor subjects, by visual inspection of the impedance bridge balance meter, appeared to have an absent reflex. Most of these subjects, in fact, had small amplitude negative reflexes by offline analysis on an averaging computer. Recognition of these negative reflexes increases the specificity and sensitivity of the reflex test for acoustic tumors. We recommend reflex testing with averaging computer monitoring to ensure their recognition.
Frontal sinus fractures — their suppurative complications and surgical management
Authors: Larrabee Wayne F. , Travis Lawrence W. , Tabb Harold G. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractA series of 54 patients treated for frontal sinus fractures at Charity Hospital, New Orleans, from 1967‐77 is presented. There were a large number of suppurative complications related to the various medical and surgical managements.Initial treatments included: observation (15), exploration and open reduction (22), obliteration (16), and ablation (1). Four patients with open fractures were not explored and developed recurrent frontal sinusitis; one progressed to an osteomyelitis. Two with posterior table fractures were not explored and developed meningitis (one was then obliterated and developed an epidural abscess). Three patients developed frontal sinus abscesses after obliterations for anterior wall fractures. Fat gave fewer complications than the other commonly used materials.Exploration is advocated for most frontal sinus fractures. Obliteration should be avoided when possible. Fat is the material of choice when obliteration is required.
Cartilagenous tumors of the larynx: A review of literature and two case experiences
Authors: Singh J. , Black M. J. , Fried I. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractCartilagenous tumors of the larynx are uncommon. A review of the experience from four major hospitals affiliated with McGill University, Montreal, from 1960‐1977 revealed only two cases. The treatment and follow‐up of these cases is discussed. A thorough review of English literature from 1816 revealed 177 reported cases.Management of benign and malignant cartilagenous tumors of the larynx is discussed and literature is compared.
Office myringotomy for acute otitis media: Its value in preventing middle ear effusion
Authors: Schwartz Richard H. , Rodriguez William J. , Schwartz Daniel M. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractMiddle ear effusion (MEE) as a residual of treated acute otitis media was found in 49% of 776 children studied. No antibiotic, singly or in combination, demonstrated superiority in reducing the incidence of MEE. Simple myringotomy, as a therapeutic modality in 415 children who presented with an acutely bulging painful eardrum, did not facilitate adequate drainage as 51% of such children, treated with simple myringotomy in addition to antibiotics, had MEE detected 10 days later. The incidence of MEE also occurred independently of the middle ear pathogen. Within six weeks, spontaneous resolution of the effusion occurred in 85% of the 382 children with MEE that was detected 10 days after acute otitis media.
Vocal symptomatology of postoperative dysphonia
Authors: Wolfe Virginia I. , Ratusnik David L. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractVocal symptomatology of 24 patients was assessed following the removal of polyps (12 cases) and polypoid degeneration (12 cases). In addition to fundamental frequency, hoarseness type was measured using the spectrographic system developed by Yanagihara which assesses harmonic structure of phonemes relative to noise components. Mean vocal frequency (155Hz) for the polypoid degeneration group was significantly lower than mean vocal frequency for the polyp group (186Hz). There was no difference between the two groups in mean spectrographic hoarseness type.Analysis of data suggested two subgroups of postoperative dysphonia based upon vocal symptomatology: Type A — little or no hoarseness and Type B — severe hoarseness. Neither preoperative nor postoperative conditions of the vocal cords were related to the severity of hoarseness demonstrated by Type B dysphonics. Illustrative cases are presented. One possible explanation for severe postoperative dysphonia is developed.
Chronic mucormycosis
Authors: Finn Douglas G. , Farmer Joseph C. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractChronic rhinocerebral mucormycosis, as distinct from the acute fulminating form, has been previously unreported in the otolaryngology literature. We have observed two cases of chronic rhinocerebral mycormycosis with osteomyelitis and bony sequestration at 8 months and 2 years after apparent control of initial infection. In addition to the accepted management of early diagnosis, surgical debridement, an appropriate medical therapy, patients who have been successfully treated for acute and fulminating mucormycosis need long‐term, close follow‐up with further debridement should any chronic infection become evident.
Head and neck skin cancer: Preplanned pathologically controlled excision and reconstruction
Authors: Bray David A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractOver a seven year period, 168 basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck area were treated. These were excised under rigid pathological control. Immediate repair was performed using preplanned geometrically designed closures. A broad overview of the literature that prompted the beginning of this seven year prospective study has been given. The treatment procedures have been described in detail. The accuracy of rapid frozen sections is proven and the results of preplanned pathologically controlled resection are given. No recurrences were seen in 168 cases. The reconstructive procedures were based on the preplanned geometry and the cosmetic results are successful in most cases (94%).
Complementary use of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in assessing skull base lesions
Authors: Kraus Dennis H. , Lanzieri Charles E. , Wanamaker John R. , Little John R. , Lavertu Pierre 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty‐six patients underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of skull base lesions at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. CT provided improved bone detail, documenting invasion of the lamina papyracea, orbital floor, fovea ethmoidalis, cribriform plate, pterygoid plates, hard palate, and skull base. MRI defined invasion of the orbit, dura, brain, and cavernous sinus. Improved soft‐tissue‐tumor interface was evident on MRI. MRI was superior to CT in determining carotid artery involvement. MRI distinguished between tumor and retained secretions in the paranasal sinuses. Combining radiographic tumor staging reliably predicted surgical findings; however, MRI consistently yielded sufficient diagnostic information and the additional expense of performing two imaging procedures may not be justified.
Concomitant chemoradiotherapy with cisplatin, 5‐fluorouracil and hydroxyurea in poor‐prognosis head and neck cancer
Authors: Haraf Daniel J. , Vokes Everett E. , Weichselbaum Ralph R. , Panje William R. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractBased on encouraging results with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU), hydroxyurea, and concomitant radiotherapy in patients with advanced or recurrent head and neck cancer, an attempt was made to modulate the regimen by the addition of cisplatin as a third active agent. A cohort of 26 patients with head and neck cancer of all histologies were entered into a broad phase I study investigating simultaneous radiation therapy, 5‐FU (with or without leucovorin), HU, and infusional cisplatin administered on an alternate‐week schedule. Eleven patients (group 1) had failed prior curative local therapy and 15 patients (group 2) were considered to have a poor prognosis with standard therapy. The median follow‐up was 30 months. The response rate for all evaluable patients was 82% (14/17), and the complete response rate was 65% (11/17). Patients in group 1 demonstrated a high failure rate (9/11), while few group 2 patients failed after treatment (2/15). The median time to progression was 4.4 months in group 1 and has not been reached in group 2. Patients in group 1 failed locally (7/11), while no local failures were observed in group 2. Acute and cumulative hematologic toxicity was encountered at all dose levels and schedules tested and prevented escalation of the cisplatin dose beyond the desired level of 100 mg/m2 per month. Mucositis was a second significant toxicity in patients with head and neck cancer and was more pronounced during cycles containing leucovorin. A detailed analysis of survival, time to progression, and site of failure is presented.
The early stages of polyp formation
Authors: Larsen P. L. , Tos M. , Kuijpers W. , Van Der Beek J. M. H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to describe polyp formation in the mucosa of the middle ear as a possible model for the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.In 65 Wistar rats, the eustachian tube was occluded on the left side for up to 20 months; 60 right‐sided, nonoccluded ears served as controls. Following occlusion, the middle ear mucosa was examined for signs of polyps. Signs of polyp formation or fully developed polyps were seen in 14 (22%) of the middle ears, and were only seen in middle ears with signs of actual or previous infection. It was established that the first stages of polyp formation include epithelial rupture, proliferation of fibrous tissue through the epithelial defect, and epithelialization of the prolapsed fibrous tissue by proliferation and migration of epithelial cells from the surrounding epithelium until there is full epithelial covering of the polyp.This report discusses whether the described middle ear model may form basis for the explanation of the pathogenesis of nasal polyps.
Drill‐generated sensorineural hearing loss following mastoid surgery
Authors: Urquhart A. C. , Mcintosh W. A. , Bodenstein N. P. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractDrilling during mastoid surgery may result in temporary noise‐induced hearing loss. This has practical implications for both the patient and surgeon. In a prospective study of 40 patients, audiometric testing was done both preoperatively and postoperatively to try to detect any significant hearing loss in the immediate postoperative period. The data were analyzed using the Student's paired t test. No statistically significant difference was found. A sensorineural hearing loss soon after mastoid surgery is not due to the noise generated by the drill. In the event of any hearing loss during this period, other causes should be sought.
Tracheoesophageal complications of thyroid disease
Authors: Dankle S. K. , Kidder T. M. , Findling J. W. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractFine needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy in thyroid diagnosis has significantly reduced the need for diagnostic thyroidectomy. The relative proportion of therapeutic thyroid surgery is therefore increasing and, since a significant number of therapeutic procedures are indicated to alleviate tracheoesophageal complications, surgeons are likely to be confronted with an increasing percentage of potentially challenging cases in the face of declining thyroidectomy caseloads. All thyroidectomies done at the authors' institution from 1987 through 1990 were studied in order to assess the potential impact of FNA on thyroid surgery and to specifically analyze the management of those cases accompanied by tracheoesophageal complications. It is concluded that 18% of the 87 thyroidectomies in this series could possibly have been avoided had FNA been obtained routinely. The clinical manifestations and surgical management of those cases associated with tracheoesophageal complications are presented. General therapeutic strategies for such cases are also summarized.
Hearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery: A continuing study
Authors: Atlas Marcus D. , Harvey Catherine , Fagan Paul A. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractHearing preservation in acoustic neuroma surgery is possible in a limited number of cases. Although there have been many articles published about hearing preservation, there have been few studies of long‐term hearing results, nor is it known if there is an increased rate of tumor recurrence when hearing preservation is attempted. Twenty‐two patients who underwent a hearing preservation procedure via the retrosigmoid approach were selected from 80 consecutive patients with cerebellopontine angle tumors operated on from February 1984 to November 1987. Useful hearing was retained in 11 cases as reported in a previously published study. Seven patients continue to have useful hearing after 3 to 5 years; 3 have shown a gradual but slight decline. There has been no tumor recurrence in these patients, but 2 patients, operated on early in the series and who had lost hearing, had recurrent tumor.
Study of the performance of four prelinguistically or perilinguistically deaf patients with a multi‐electrode, intracochlear implant
Authors: Skinner Margaret W. , Binzer Susan M. , Fears Beverly T. , Holden Timothy A. , Jenison Virginia W. , Nettles Elizabeth J. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractIndividuals who are born deaf or become deaf in early childhood and are implanted as adults (or in late adolescence) with a multi‐electrode, intracochlear implant often cannot understand speech by audition alone. Test results of four implanted patients were analyzed to determine 1. if there was a difference in performance between patients; 2. if there was a relation between performance and history of auditory stimulation; and 3. which tests revealed performance differences. On audition‐only and audition‐plus‐vision tests, overall performance was rank‐ordered from lowest to highest for patients 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Patient 4 recognized a few words audition‐only. Patients 1 and 2 had long periods of no auditory stimulation; patients 3 and 4 had long periods of auditory stimulation with hearing aids prior to implantation. Tests not revealing differences in performance were identified.
Gross morphologic and functional effects of postoperative radiation on free jejunal autografts
Authors: Biel Merrill A. , Maisel Robert H. 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty adult mongrel dogs underwent free jejunal transplants to the neck; 10 either died of or had to be sacrificed as a result of postoperative complications, 5 received a 55‐Gy'equivalent dose of radiation after 3 weeks, and 5 were followed as controls. Serial manometric and endoscopic evaluations were performed over a 9‐month period. Progressive deterioration of the quality and amplitude of peristalsis of the jejunal autografts was observed only in the radiated group. In addition, all dogs in the radiated group developed severe jejunal circumferential constriction and stricture formation. These delayed effects of irradiation on revascularized jejunal autografts should be considered in planning the method of pharyngoesophageal reconstruction as well as the timing of adjuvant radiotherapy.
T1 squamous cell carcinoma of the arytenoid
Authors: Laccourreye Ollivier , Weinstein Gregory , Chabardes Eric , Housset Martin , Laccourreye Henri , Brasnu Daniel 
Published: October 2006

AbstractTwenty'two cases of early squamous cell carcinoma of the arytenoid cartilage staged as T1 according to the 1983 American Joint Committee for Cancer Staging Classification system were reviewed. Eighteen percent of the patients showed no symptoms. In the remaining 82%, the main presenting symptom was pain in the form of sore throat, odynophagia, or otalgia. Radiotherapy and partial laryngeal surgery were the options retained for the treatment of the larynx. A “watch and wait” policy or preventive treatment of the ipsilateral jugulocarotid lymph nodes were the treatment options retained for the neck. Significant differences were noted in terms of local and nodal recurrence between the two programs. Results indicate that partial laryngeal surgery with total arytenoidectomy and preventive treatment of the neck appear to be advisable for this particular type of primary lesion.