bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Prediction of multiple pregnancies by the number of early cleaving embryos
Authors: Na Yong‐Jin , Kim Jung‐Pyo , Joo Bo‐Sun , Lee Dong‐Hyung , Lee Kyu‐Sup 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAim:  The aim of the present study was to investigate the number of early cleaving embryos as an effective predictor for multiple pregnancies in human in vitro fertilization (IVF).Methods:  The study analyzed early cleavage (EC) in 190 cycles of IVF. The EC of embryos to the two‐cell stage was assessed at two time points, namely 25 and 27 h after insemination. Embryos that had cleaved at each time point were designated EC‐1 and EC‐2, respectively, whereas other embryos were designated as non‐EC (NEC). The number of cycles with EC‐1 embryos was not included in the results for the EC‐2 group.Results:  Clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in the EC‐1 group compared with the EC‐2 and NEC groups (58.2%, 31.8% and 22.9%, respectively; P < 0.05). The pregnancy outcome was positively related to the number of EC‐1 embryos. Multiple pregnancy rates were significantly increased up to 41.4% when the number of EC‐1 embryos was two or more.Conclusions:  The results confirm that 25 h after insemination is a more effective critical time point for the selection of EC embryos and that the number of EC embryos could be a useful parameter for the prediction of multiple pregnancies.
Evolution of Flight in Insects
Authors: Norberg R. Åke 
Published: May 2008

AbstractNorberg, R. Å. (Department of Zoology, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.) Evolution of flight in insects. Zool. Scripta 1 (6): 247–250, 1972.–Two hypotheses on the origin of flight in insects are discussed. 1. Gliding hypothesis. If wings and flight originated in ca. 1 cm large, or larger, insects, a leaping type seems to be a more probable candidate than a non‐leaping one, since the former type has, with certainty, a high frequency of voluntary air excursions, during which any extensions come into play. Furthermore, it may attain the equilibrium gliding speed by jumping, and need not, if arboreal, lose any height on a steep initial fall to gain speed. 2. Floating hypothesis. The hypothesis presented here is a modified version of that put forward by Wigglesworth in 1963. It is suggested that wings may have originated in very small insects as thin dorsolateral, fringed extensions (like the wings of the smallest flying insects) acting as viscous drag producers, enabling the insects to float in the air with a very slow sinking speed and to be dispersed passively over long distances by thermal convection currents. Mov‐ability of the wings would have increased practicability on the ground, and selection pressure for this could have brought about preadaptation for active flapping flight. Monophyly versus convergence of insect wings of conventional type (aerofoil function) is discussed briefly.
First Report on Marine Microturbellarians from Hawaii
Authors: Karling Tor G. , Mack‐Fira Valeria , Dorjes Jurgen 
Published: May 2008

AbstractKarling, T. G. (Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden), Valeria Mack‐Fira, and Jürgen Dörjes.First report on marine microturbellarians from Hawaii.Zool. Scripta 1 (6): 251–270, 1972.–The material presented here consists of:Cilionema hawaiiensisgen. et sp. n.,Microvahine corallicolagen. et sp. n.,Archiloa subtilissp. n.,Minona bistyliferasp. n.,Duplominona kaneoheisp. n.,Archimonocelis heljrichisp. n.,Ulelga variodentatasp. n.,Notocelis gullmarensis maculatassp. n.,Cylindrcstoma monotrochum(Graff),Plagiostomum acoluthumMarcus,Gyratrix hermaphroditusEhrenberg andAustrorhynchus pectatusKarling. The anatomy of the species is described and their taxonomy discussed. Views are given on the comparative anatomy of the bursal organs. The ecology and the biogeography of the species are briefly discussed.
A Revision of the Genus Telmatotrephes Stal (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera, IMepidae)
Authors: Lansbury Ivor 
Published: May 2008

AbstractLansbury, I. (University Museum, Oxford, U.K.) A revision of the genus Telmatotrephes Stdl (Hemiptera‐Heteroptera, Nepidae). Zool. Scripta 1 (6): 271–286.–Telmatotrephes is redefined and compared with related Oriental genera. A key to species is given and two new species (T. ecuadorensis sp.n. and T. chinensis sp.n.) are described and one species is placed in synonymy. Some observations are made on the systematic position and distribution of Telmatotrephes in relation to other nepid genera.
The Rhinal Bone and Its Evolutionary Significance
Authors: Bjerring Hans C. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBjerring, H. C. (Section of Palaeozoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.) The rhinal bone and its evolutionary significance. Zool. Scripta 1 (5): 193–201, 1972.– On the basis of serially sectioned embryos of Amia calva, the ethmoidal region of the endocranium and certain adjacent exo‐skeletal elements are analysed. The results include evidence of the existence of branchial moieties pertaining to the first or premandibular metamere. Each of these moieties comprises infrapharyngobranchial (the ethmobasal), suprapharyngobranchial (the orbitonasal lamina), and epibranchial (the palatoquadrate pterygoid process) endoskeletal components as well as horizontal infrapharyngeal (the vomer), ascending infrapharyngeal (the rhinal), and epal (the dermopalatines and ectopterygoid) dental plates. The anterior cerebral arteries may represent the efferent blood vessels of the first‐metamere branchial moieties. A hypothesis on the origin of the nasal sacs is offered.
On the Early Development of the Protonephridial Systems in Some Species Belonging to the Genera Diphyllobothrium, Triaenophorus and Schistocephalus (Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea)
Authors: Malmberg Göran 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMalmberg, G. {Department of Zoology, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.) On the early development of the protonephridial systems in some species belonging to the genera Diphyllobothrium, Triaenophorus and Schistocephalus {Cestoda, Pseudophyllidea). Zool. Scripta 1 (5): 227–228, 1972.–The protonephridial systems of coracidia (oncospheres) and procercoids of four Diphyllobothrium species, of Triaenophorus nodulosus (Pallas) and of Schistocephalus solidus (Muller) were studied. In the oncospheres of Diphyllobothrium and Schistocephalus the two flame bulbs of the primary protonephridial system were present, but not in the oncospheres of Triaenophorus. In Schistocephalus the two flame bulbs were found to be inactive in the oncosphere (studied inside the coracidium), but very active in the youngest procercoids, which may imply that the primary protonephridial system does not start its function until the oncosphere has entered the copepod body cavity. The primary protonephridial system of the Triaenophorus procercoids was totally (most specimens) or partly reduced. The secondary protonephridial system, however, began developing more or less simultaneously with the integumental hooklets, the cercomer and the first calcareous bodies, which is in accordance with what is described concerning Diphyllobothrium. The ciliated, excretory bladder described by Rosen in 1919 was found to be a posteriorly open invagination, surrounding the “cercomer shaft”. Reverse bends of the posterior main canals of the secondary system are located closely around the wall of, though very likely not emptying into this invagination.
Evolution, Causal Biology, and Classification
Authors: Brundin Lars 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBrundin, L. (Section of Entomology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.) Evolution, causal biology, and classification. Zool. Scripta 1 (3–4): 107–120, 1972.–The pros and cons of different approaches to classification are discussed against the background of a critical survey of the leading principles of evolution and the methodological advices furnished by the nature of the evolutionary process for the attainment of an adequate reference system of causal biology. It is shown that such a system has to be a reconstruction of nature's own hierarchy. The reasons for the present disagreement between the Hennig school and the Simpson‐Mayr school are discussed at some length, and it is stressed that the classificatory dilemma of the latter school is an unavoidable consequence of its quantitative approach and hence self‐inflicted.
Two New Species of Interstitial Marine Triclads from the North American Pacific Coast, with Comments on Evolutionary Trends and Systematics in Tricladida (Turbellaria)
Authors: Holmquist Charlotte , Karling Tor G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractHolmquist, Ch. and Karling, T. G. (Section of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden.) Two new species of marine triclads from the North American Pacific coast, with comments on evolutionary trends and systematics in Tricladida (Turbellaria). Zool. Scripta 1(3–4): 175–184, 1972.–Two marine triclads, Oregoniplana opisthopora gen. et sp.n. and Pacificides psammophilus gen. et sp.n. are described from the Pacific coast of USA. They are inhabitants of sand in the surf zone. They are provisionally included in the family Procerodidae but their anatomy is aberrant in several respects; they elucidate some evolutionary trends as well as some unsatisfactory points in the systematics of the aquatic triclads.
On Morphology and Distribution of Some Hoplonemer‐tean Species along Scandinavian Coasts (Nemertini)
Authors: Berg Gunnar 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe species Amphipoms superbus (Girard, 1854), Tetrastemma lophoheliae Bergendal, 1903 and Tetrastemma rober‐tianae Mcintosh, 1874 are redescribed and new informations about ths distribution are given. Tetrastemma albicollis Uschakow, 1928 is shown to be synanym to Amphipoms superbus.
Description of the Metacercaria of Zoogonoides viviparous (Olsson, 1868) Odhner, 1902 with Some Remarks on Life Cycles in the Genus Zoogonoides (Trematoda, Digenea, Zoogonidae)
Authors: Orrhage Lars 
Published: May 2008

AbstractMetacer‐cariae, found in the body‐cavities of Trochochaeta multisetosa (Oersted) (Trochochaetidae, Polychaeta sedentaria) are described and identified as belonging to Zoogonoides viviparus (Olsson, 1868) Odhner, 1902. A combination of these observations with the Résults of investigations, made by previous authors, on the biology of the cercariae, gives the outlines of a life cycle for Z. viviparus.
Taxonomische und phylogenetische Untersuchungen über die Tanaidaceen (Crustacea)
Authors: Lang Karl 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe taxonomy of the genera mentioned in the title is discussed. Leptochelia rapax Harger is designated as type of the new genus Hargeria. Sars's Paratanais is not identical with Dana's Paratanais and therefore it is transferred to the new genus Pseudoparatanais. Nototanais werthi does not belong to Nototanais and is designated as type of the new genus Pseudonototanais. Heterotanais anomalus (syn. algiricus), H. antarcticus, H. magnus, H. provincialis and Leptochelia filum (syn. profunda), L. inermis, L. mercantilis, L. mergellinae are brought together in the new genus Pseudoleptochelia, of which a new species Ps. mortenseni is erected. Acanthotanais Kussakin is identical with Paratanais Dana. The synonymy of these genera and that of Tanaissus Norman & Scott are discussed as well as the taxonomic position of Typhlotanais longidactylus Shiino and the relationships of the genera –Tanaissus excepted. Figures of Paratanais euelpis are given. It is proposed that Leptochelia, Heterotanais, Hargeria, Pseudoleptochelia and Pseudonototanais should be grouped together in the new family Leptocheliidae. Diagnoses are given of the families Paratanaidae and Leptocheliidae and their genera. The taxonomy of the Monokonophora is discussed. In a postscript the generic name Strongylura G. O. Sars, which is preoccupied, has been replaced by Collettea.
Fisher's Axiom and the Body Size of Animals
Authors: Løvtrup Søren , Rahemtulla Firoz , Höglund Nils‐G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractWhat is here called Fisher's axiom states that all large mutations are deleterious, and the consequence of this is the generally accepted Darwinian notion that all evolutionary progress must have occurred through the accumulation of small mutational steps. We have in the present paper tested the postulate that one parameter, namely, the body size (weight or volume) does not vary in this way, but rather in steps which are powers of two, up to or down, as the case may be. The outcome of our analysis is that this hypothesis is corroborated with fair significance for certain, randomly selected, groups of living and extinct animals. The consequences of this observation are briefly discussed.
On the Larval Protonephridial System of Gyrocotyle and the Evolution of Cercomeromorphae (Platyhelminthes)
Authors: Malmberg Göran 
Published: May 2008

AbstractEggs of Gyrocotyle urna specimens were hatched. Certain results from the hatching work are given. The protonephridial system of the larvae/lycophores was investigated. The system was found to be bilaterally symmetrical with two nephridiopores in the anterior body‐half. The system is very similar to the posterior protonephridial system in the oncomiracidium (the monogenoidean larva). Unlike the oncomiracidium the Gyrocotyle lycophore has no anterior system. The hooks of amphilinidean and gyrocotylidean lycophores were found to be of the same basic type as those of other cercomero‐morphaean larvae. A preliminary investigation of the hook ontogeny of Amphilina foliaceawas made: all ten hooks appear to begin developing at the same time, the six ordinary hooks early assumed a similar shape and arrangement to those in the oncosphaera, the four aberrant hooks seem to be less aberrant in their earlier developmental stages. On a basis of the number of hooks and other facts relating to the larvae, cercomero‐morphaean evolution at the larval level is claimed. Because there are no traces of a mouth, a pharynx and an intestine in the ontogeny of Gyrocotyle, the lack of these body parts in the lycophore is assumed to be a primitive condition. It is claimed that the monogenoidean protonephridial system originated from a system of the Gyrocotyle lycophore type and that the mouth, pharynx and intestine are secondarily evolved in the monogenoideans. It is assumed that mouth‐, pharynx‐ and intestine‐less creatures with an ingestive body‐covering gave rise to the digenean and the cercomeromorphaean evolutionary lines. On a basis of the ontogeny and the life cycles in the different cercomeromorphaean groups it is claimed that the adult monogenoideans never reached a certain evolutionary level which is repeated in the ontogeny of the ces‐todes, the amphilinideans and the gyrocotylideans.
The Gregarine Infection in Different Species of Odonata from the Same Habitat
Authors: Åbro Arnold 
Published: May 2008

AbstractA qualitative and quantitative study of eugregarine parasites in different dragonfly species was performed around a breeding site at Bergen (Western Norway). Dragonfly larvae were never found to harbour gregarines. As a general rule, the number of dragonflies infected and the number of gregarines present in each individual host increased during the flying season. In the zygopterans Coenagrion hastulatum (Charp.), Enallagma cyathi‐gerum (Charp.), and Pyrrhosoma nymphula (Sulz.), the majority became heavily infected. Discoloured, feeble specimens captured in the field exhibited extensive damage to the midgut, probably progressing to bacterial septicaemia. The histopathology of the midgut wall has been recorded from scarcely visible alterations to massive disruption of the epithelium. In these species, gregarine infection apparently reduced the longevity of adults. The population of Lestes sponsa (Hansem.) was moderately infected and injuries of the midgut seldom occurred. In the only infected anisopteran, Sympetrum danae (Sulz.), gregarines seemed unimportant and caused no damage to their hosts. Each gregarine species seemed to thrive in several dragonfly hosts, and a host could harbour at least two different gregarine species at the same time. The pattern of infection is discussed against the background of climatic and edaphic conditions.
Anaerobiosis, Meiofauna and Early Metazoan Evolution
Authors: Boaden Patrick J. S. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractBoaden, P. J. S. (Queen“s University Marine Biology Station, Portaferry BT22 IPF, Northern Ireland.) Anaerobiosis, meiofauna and early metazoan evolution. Zool. Scr. 4 (1): 21–24, 1975.–Anaerobic marine sands have a fairly diverse fauna and flora consisting mainly of prokaryotes, protists, gnathostomulids, turbellarians, nematodes and gastrotrichs. An increasing body of evidence shows that the Metazoa from this environment are primitive in many respects. This paper suggests that much early evolution occurred in this habitat. Possible supporting evidence for this theory is discussed. It is concluded that the early Metazoa were benthic anaerobes and well established by the Middle Precambrian Era and that, in addition to the Prokaryota and Protista, the Gnathosto‐mulida, Platyhelminthes and Aschelminthes originally evolved under anaerobic conditions.
Ophryotrocha longidentata sp.n. and Dorvillea erucaeformis (Malmgren) (Polychaeta, Dorvilleidae) from the West Coast of Scandinavia
Authors: Josefson Alf 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Ophryotrocha longidentata sp.n. is described from the Skagerak, West Coast of Sweden. The species lives on muddy bottoms at a depth of about 100 m. It is distinguished by having biarticulated palps and by the structure of the jaw apparatus. Dorvillea erucaeformis (Malmgren) from the West Coast of Norway is redescribed and re‐established. This species was earlier considered identical with D. rubrovittata (Grube).
Anatomy and Taxonomy of Some Species of Polycystididae (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia) from N. Atlantic and Mediterranean Coastal Areas
Authors: Schockaert Ernest R. , Karling Tor G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractAcrorhynchides styliferussp.n. from Norway and the British Isles andPolycystis contortasp.n. andTyphlopolycystis coomansisp.n. from Norway and the Mediterranean are described. Additional notes are given on the anatomy and distribution ofParacrorhynchus bergensisKarling,Polycystis groenlandica(Levinsen),P. crocea(Fabricius) andTyphlopolycystis mediterraneaBrunet. The taxonomy of the species and the corresponding genera is discussed.
Immigrant Spirorbids (Polyclaeta Sedentaria) on the Japanese Sargassum at Portsmouth, England
Authors: Knight‐Jones Phyllis , Knight‐Jones E. Wyn , Thorp Clifford H. , Gray Peter W. G. 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe Japanese Sargassum recently established at Portsmouth, U.K., is described and figured. It commonly bears two spirorbids which are new to Europe. One, Janua (Dexiospira) brasiliensis (Grube) =Dexiospira oshoroensis Uchida, is widespread in warm latitudes, whilst the other, Pileolaria rosepigmentata (Uchida), was previously known only from Japan. The former is distinguished from J. (D.) pseudocorrugata (=Spirorbis corrugalus) principally by its more opaque brood chamber and shorter, wider juvenile talon. The latter is one of the Pileolaria moerchi complex and can be recognised by its bilobed brood chamber, conical juvenile talon and single diffuse patch of pigment.
The Ultrastructure of the Presumed Chemoreceptor Aesthetasc “Y” of a Cypridid Ostracode
Authors: Andersson Anders 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe aesthetasc “Y” of cypridid ostracodes is divided into three parts: distal, intermediate, and proximal. Distally, it is equipped with five pores containing electron‐dense plugs. The distal part shows a peculiar striated pattern formed by two types of cuticle. The intermediate and proximal parts are smooth with no pores or other substructures. 14 cilia run in the large receptor‐cavity of the distal part. They originate from 14 bipolar sensory cell bodies within the antenna. From the intermediate part, the cilia are grouped in five cuticular sheaths, surrounded by five sheath cells arranged mesaxonally. At the level of the ciliary junctions, the sheath cells form cavities in which the cilia join the dendrites. Before molting, a new aesthetasc is formed in the antenna by hypodermal cells. The cuticle is secreted in a fold around the sheath cells, which in a way act as moulds. The cilia of the old aesthetasc run through the five pores of the new aesthetasc. The main function of the pores is apparently to enable the animal to obtain information from the surroundings also during the molting period. On morphological grounds, the aesthetasc “Y” is believed to be a chemoreceptor.
Taxonomy and Systematics of Some Species Groups of Saldula Van Duzee, with a Discussion of Riparian‐Terrestrial Shifts in the Saldidae (Heteroptera)
Authors: Lindskog Per 
Published: May 2008

Abstract Saldula lindbergi sp.n. is described from Cyprus, with additional material from Anatolia (Turkey), and is assigned to the Saltatoria‐group with S. melanoscela (Fieber) as the closest relative. S. burmanica sp.n. is described from Kambaiti, N. E. Burma, and is close to S. orthochila (Fieber) (Orthochila‐gmup). The Orthochila‐group is discussed on the basis of S. orthochila, S. burmanica, S. nobilis (Horváth), and S. boucheriillei (Provancher) (non Sahla boucheriillei auct.). and details of male genital structures, pterygo‐polymorphism, and habitat and zonal‐geographic distribution are given. The inclusion of the Orthochila‐group in the subgenus Macrosaldula, as proposed by Dethier in 1974. is rejected. The group is taking a somewhat divergent position in the genus and in some respects (e.g. secondary absence of the larval organ) it is approaching Salda Fabr. s.l. (Saldini). The radiative trends towards more terrestrial, dry‐land habitats seen in the Orthochila‐group are compared with similar trends in other taxa of the family. The serial affinities between most of the terrestrial habitats occupied by the Saldidae and riparian zones are emphasized. It is concluded that shifts towards more terrestrial habitats and habits are confined to some more advanced and derived–specialized lineages of the family, being an ecological feature mainly associated with a few boreal and mountainous taxa, which primarily inhabit drier, epilittoral stream‐bank zones.
Ultrastructure of the Epithelium and the Sensory Receptors in the Body Wall, the Proboscis and the Pharynx of Gyratrix hermaphroditus (Turbellaria, Rhabdocoela)
Authors: Reuter Maria 
Published: May 2008

AbstractThe epidermis of Gyratrix hermaphroditus can be described as semi‐syn‐cytial. Its ultrastructure is characterized by microvilli and cilia with two strong rootlets perpendicular to each other. The apical part of the epithelium contains mitochondria and vacuoles. The basal synthesizing layer is provided with cell boundaries, at least between the type II penetrating receptors in the anterior and posterior end of the worm. Four different types of sensory receptors are described. The type I receptor has a protruding cilium‐bearing process and is found all over the body. The type II receptor is found in the anterior and posterior end and has a retracted process with a kinocilium surrounded by eight stereocilia. The type III receptor bears a balloon‐shaped modified cilium and is located at the anterior end. The type IV receptor has a short cilium with an unstable ciliary membrane and occurs in the proboscis epithelium as well as in the pharynx epithelium. Phylogenetical aspects of the semi‐syncytial epithelium and functional aspects of the sensory receptors are discussed.