bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025_split huggingface dataset:
Embryology and possible relationships of Petermannia cirrosa (Petermanniaceae)
Authors: Conran J. G. 
Published: March 2008

Conran, J. G. 1988. Embryology and possible relationships of Petermannia cirrosa (Petermanniaceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 13–17. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Micro‐ and megasporogenesis in Petermannia cirrosa is reported and the relationships of the Petermanniaceae are discussed. Microsporogenesis is successive; the endothecium is spirally thickened and the tapetum binucleate and amoeboid. The ovules are anatropous and crassinucellate. A primary parietal cell is formed and divides. Megasporogenesis is of the Polygonum type. On the basis of these and other characters, the Petermanniaceae show affinities with the remainder of the Dioscoreales, and also with the Geitonoplesiaceae (Asparagales) but remain somewhat isolated.
A taxonomic revision of the genera Gerbera sect. Isanthus, Leibnitzia (in Asia), and Uechtritzia (Compositae, Mutisieae)
Authors: Hansen Hans V. 
Published: March 2008

Hansen, H. V. 1988. A taxonomic revision of the genera Gerbera sect. Isanthus, Leibnitzia (in Asia), and Uechrrirzia (Compositae, Mutisieae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 8: 61–76. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.The Asiatic part of Compositae tribe Mutisieae subtribe Mutisiinae scapose group is revised. It includes one section of the genus Gerbera, sect. Isanthus with 6 species: G. maxima, G. raphanifolia, G. delavayi, G. henryi, G. nivea, and G. gossypina, the genus Leibnitzia with 4 species, L. anandria, L. knorringiana, L. nepalensis, and L. ruficoma, and the genus Uechtrirzia with 3 species, U. kokanica, U. armena, and U. lacei. The species are mainly distributed in the Himalaya Region and W. China (Yunnan), but some occur in S. USSR, and L. anandria is widespread; Leibnitzia probably also occurs in Central America with 2 endemic species. A distribution map showing the Asiatic range of Gerbera piloselloides (sect. Piloselloides) is presented.
Zoosporogenesis in Pseudoperonospora cubensis, the causal agent of cucurbit downy mildew
Authors: Lange Lene , Edén Ulla , Olson Lauritz W. 
Published: March 2008

During sporulation of Pseudoperonospora cubensis on cucumber leaves (Cucumis saliva) zoosporangia are formed on the dichotomously branched sporangiophore. The mature zoosporangium has a preformed discharge papilla and the cytoplasm is uncleaved. The zoosporangium wall is decorated and the outer layer of the wall is electron opaque in ultrathin sections. As the zoosporangium is able to survive freezing (‐ 18°C) for prolonged periods of time (3–4 months) the zoosporangium may serve as the “resting” structure which survives overwintering in Northern latitudes in the absence of oospore formation.Zoospore cleavage can be synchronized by placing freshly harvested zoosporangia in distilled water. Cleavage of the zoosporangial cytoplasm is by means of the fusion of small vesicles apparently derived from dictyosomes which become highly active after zoosporogenesis is induced.Vesicles with an osmiophilic electron opaque content are the dominant type of vesicle found in the zoosporangia. The content of these vesicles undergoes dynamic changes during zoosporogenesis and during the late stages of sporogenesis the content becomes finely striated as is typical of these vesicles when observed in the zoospore. On the basis of the results presented here it is suggested that zoosporangium formation and zoosporogenesis in P. cubensis could serve as a model system for assays with obligate oomycetous plant pathogens, also in relation to fungicide mode of action studies.
Classification and ordination of the mire vegetation of Stormyra near Tynset, S Norway
Authors: Singsaas Stein 
Published: March 2008

The vegetation of Stormyra, a flat fen at Tynset, in Hedmark province, Southern Norway is classified by cluster analyses into seven different plant communities, all of a nonfixed hierarchical, low rank as follows:(1) Scorpidium scorpioides comm., (2) Campylium stellatum ‐ Drepanocladus revolvers comm., (3) Carex rostrata ‐ Calliergon giganteum comm., (4) Sphagnum papillosum ‐ S. subfulvum comm., (5) Homalothecium nitens ‐ Sphagnum warnstorfii comm., (6) Pinus sylvestris ‐ Sphagnum angustifolium comm. and (7) Empetrum hermaphroditum ‐ Sphagnum fuscum comm.A DCA‐ordination showed that the samples were distributed mainly along a hummock ‐ mud‐bottom vegetational gradient, reflecting the local groundwater level. The range of the plant communities in terms of the traditional poor ‐ rich and mire expanse ‐ mire margin vegetational gradients is also dealt with. The vegetation and its relationship to such environmental factors as the ground‐water level, and its seasonal fluctuations, the supply or absence of running surface water, the pH and electrical conductivity, are also discussed.
North Aegean marine algae. III. Structure and development of the encrusting coralline Titanoderma cystoseirae (Rhodophyta, Lithophylloideae)
Authors: Athanasiadis A. 
Published: March 2008

Vegetative and reproductive features of the encrusting marine alga Titanoderma cystoseirae are described on the basis of type specimens from the N. Adriatic Sea and new material from the N. Aegean Sea. Growth proceeds by means of two meristem types: a superficial meristem that occurs on terminal cells of hypothallial filaments, producing the hypothallium, and an internal meristem that is confined to cells just below the epithallium, producing the perithallium.Subepithallial divisions occur in groups of cells that form distinct meristematic zones perpendicularly to the plane of radial thallus sections. These coordinated divisions originally appear on hypothallial cells close to the margin and subsequently spread centripetally, as opposed to the centrifugal growth of the hypothallial filaments. At least two subepithallial meristematic zones occur at a time on the thallus and both spread centripetally and in sequential pattern, each producing a new layer of perithallial cells that gradually covers the preceding (underlying) one. This elaborate process of perithallial ontogeny seems to be a distinctive characteristic for T. cystoseirae. Coordinated subephitallial divisions with different developmental patterns, however, are also observed in other coralline algae, particularly in members of the Lithophylloideae and the Amphiroideae. These observations support the hypothesis of the close phylogenetic relationship between these taxa but also emphasize the need for further studies before taxonomic implications can be proposed.
Growth and reproduction of Scytosiphon lomentaria (Fucophyceae) in relation to temperature in two populations from Denmark
Authors: Kristiansen Aase , Pedersen Poul Møller , Moseholm Lars 
Published: March 2008

Two strains of Scytosiphon lomentaria from Denmark have been grown under long‐day conditions on a temperature‐gradient plate. The material from north‐west Jutland (strain No. 46) has a reduced prostrate system (a few‐celled lump) whereas the other material from the Sound (strain No. S41) has a well‐developed crust. This difference plays a significant role in growth and reproductive patterns. Strain No. 46 rapidly produces a great number of cylindrical macrothalli. Within a four‐week experimental period, formation of swarmers from plurilocular sporangia on the macrothalli takes place and results in a maximum dry weight of 32.9 mg at 18.2°C.Swarmers from the macrothalli of strain S41 always develop into knot‐filamentous or crust‐shaped thalli. The development of the macrothalli, therefore, takes a longer time than in strain 46 and the maximum dry weight is only 16.5 mg at 16°C even within an experimental period of six weeks. The reproductive pattern is more complex than in strain 46. The crusts produce unilocular sporangia at temperatures between 16°C and 23.8°C, and function, therefore, as the reproductive system during the summer as macrothalli disappear at temperatures above 18°C both in nature and in culture. Formation of plurilocular sporangia on macrothalli starts when they are from 6–9 weeks old at temperatures between 11°C and 18°C.The temperature range for growth in the two strains also differs: Strain 46 grows from 7.3–24.4°C while strain S41 grows at least from 4–5.1°C to an upper limit of 27.1°C, but lower limit has not been determined precisely in the present experiment. These results indicate that temperature ecotypes exist, even within a limited geographic area.
Response to mowing of coastal brackish meadow plant communities along an elevational gradient
Authors: Vestergaard Peter 
Published: March 2008

Over a six year period, 1979–1985, eight stands of till then ungrazed and unmown brackish meadow plant communities were treated by mowing once a year (August), in order to detect the response of the vegetation. The stands were distributed along a local elevation gradient, which was found to influence the composition of the vegetation through a complex‐gradient, composed by unidirectional gradients in inundation, in ground water level and in Na as per cent of Ca+Mg+Na+K.The mowing was carried out within 5 ×5 m treatment plots and the effect was indicated by quantitative analysis of the vegetation. A natural succession progressing at the locality, most distinctly manifested by expansion of Phragmites australis, was traced during the study period by means of unmown control plots.The mowing caused increase in species diversity in all stands, mainly due to increase in evenness among the species.The resistance of the stands to the mowing was found to differ in relation to elevation and to the initial composition of the vegetation. In upper geolittoral Festuca rubra stands the resistance was high and the mowing did not affect presence or colonisation of Phragmites. In upper‐middle Festuca rubra stands resistance was lower, mainly indicated by suppression of Phragmites. Low elevation Scirpus maritimus reed beds on waterlogged soil was rather resistant, but four additional years of mowing led to a change into Agrostis stolonifera‐Puccinellia maritima meadow. The resistance of low elevation Phragmites reed bed was low, as the mowing within a few years changed the reed bed into Agrostis stolonifera meadow.The results were discussed in relation to the use of mowing as a nature conservation management tool in salt meadows.
Observations of hawkmoth pollination in the South African orchid Disa cooperi
Authors: Johnson S. D. 
Published: March 2008

Johnson, S. D. 1995. Observations of hawkmoth pollination in the South African orchid Disa cooperi. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 121–125. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Disa cooperi is a robust grassland orchid with long‐spud white flowers which are strongly scented in the evening. Observations at a site in Natal province, South Africa showed that hawkmoths are frequent visitors to the orchid at dusk. The hawkmoth Basiothia schenki was an effective pollinator of D. cooperi; this hawk‐moth has a medium length proboscis (x = 4.3 cm) which can be fully inserted into the nectar‐containing spur of the orchid. Pollinaria are attached ventrally to the basal portion of the proboscis where it joins the head. Another hawkmoth, Agrius convolvuli, commonly foraged on nectar from D. cooperi, but did not carry pollinaria, probably because its proboscis is too long (x = 10 cm) to allow contact between the thick basal portion of the proboscis and the orchid column. Lips in Disa are typically linear and do not produce scent, thus the autapomorphic spathulate and scent‐producing lip of D. cooperi indicates that hawkmoth pollination is derived in this species, probably from a long‐proboscid fly pollinated ancestor.
Five new species of the genus Liparia (Fabaceae) from South Africa
Authors: Schutte Anne Lise 
Published: March 2008

Schutte, A.L. 1995. Five new species of the genus Liparia (Fabaceae) from South Africa. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 149–156. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Five distinct new species of the genus Liparia are described, namely L. bonaespei, L. confusa, L. congesta, L. rafnioides and L. triata. These species are, like many of the species included in the recently enlarged generic concept of Liparia, also localized, and are all endemic to the Cape Province of South Africa.
Two new taxa of Pogostemon (Lamiaceae) from India
Authors: Kumar V. Sampath , Sharma B. D. 
Published: March 2008

Kumar, V. S. & Sharma, B. D. 1995. Two new taxa of Pogostemon (Lamiaceae) from India. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 163–166. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.A new species Pogostemon hedgei and a new variety P. speciosus var. filiformis, are described from South India. Both belong to sect. Pogostemon.
Distribution of internal secretory structures in Tagetes patda (Asteraceae)
Authors: Poli Ferruccio , Sacchetti Gianni , Bruni Alessandro 
Published: March 2008

Poli, E, Sacchetti, G. & Bruni, A. 1995. Distribution of internal secretory structures in Tagetes parula (Asteraceae). ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 197–205. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Seedlings and flowering plants of Tagetes patula present secretory reservoirs similar to many other Asteraceae which produce poly acetylenes. These poly acetylene reservoirs (PRs) that contain both thiophenes and essential oils, show a blue‐yellow fluorescence and a red colour when observed in the UV and conventional microscope respectively. In the root of the seedlings two arrays of six PRs arise abutting on the endodermis. PRs of branch roots are connected to those in the parent roots. A single layer of “epithelial” non‐specialised cells forms the secretory tissue. In the hypocotyl four PRs, characterised by a uniseriate epithelium, arise in the cortex in front of the vascular bundles. In the epicotyl, instead, we found eight PRs localised between the vascular bundles. In the cotyledons, in the leaves and in the flower bracts there are only secretory cavities. In the flowering plant, PRs also occur in the corolla of the tubular and ligulate flowers of the inflorescence, with a typically biseriate epithelium.
Mallomonas madagascariensis, M. lemuriocellata and M. crocodilorum (Synurophyceae), three new species from Madagascar
Authors: Hansen Peer , Kristiansen Jørgen 
Published: March 2008

Hansen, P. & Kristiansen, J. 1995. Mallomonas madagascariensis, M. lemuriocellata and M. crocodilorum (Synurophyceae), three new species from Madagascar. ‐ Nord. J. Bot. 15: 215–223. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Mallomonas madagascariensis, M. lemuriocellata and M. crocodilorum are described and illustrated with TEM micrographs as the first results of studies of silica‐scaled chrysophytes made in Madagascar. Their taxonomical position within the genus Mallomonas (sect. Torquatae, ser. Mangoferae) is discussed and morphological distinguishing characters are presented.
Effect of altitude on the sex ratio in populations of Silene acaulis (Caryophyllaceae)
Authors: Alatalo Juha M. , Molau Ulf 
Published: March 2008

Alatalo, J. M. & Molau, U. 1995. Effect of altitude on the sex ratio in populations of Silene acaulis. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 251–256. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Predicted increase of female frequencies in gynodioecious Silene acaulis was tested along an altitude gradient in northern Sweden. Average female frequencies for the four sites increased with altitude from 42% to 59% within a short geographical distance. This follows the outcrossing hypothesis, that female frequencies should be positively correlated with selfing rates of hermaphrodites in populations. More adverse environmental conditions should favour gynodioecy in areas where reproduction to a greater part relies on vegetative reproduction or selfing. Further, a significant difference in corolla width was found between females and the larger hermaphrodites, but not between sites. Cushion size and the number of flowers per cushion decreased with attitude.
The genus Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand
Authors: Sirirugsa Puangpen , Larsen Kai 
Published: March 2008

Sirirugsa, P. & Larsen K. 1995. The genus Hedychium (Zingiberaceae) in Thailand. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 15: 301–304. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–05513.Three new species of Hedychium from Thailand are described and illustrated, H. samuiense, H. tomentosum, and H. biflorum. A key to the species occurring in Thailand is provided.
Reaction of some decomposer basidiomycetes to toxic elements
Authors: Høiland Klaus 
Published: March 2008

Høiland, K. 1995. Reaction of some decomposer basidiomycetes to toxic elements. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 15: 305–318. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Cultures of 15 decomposer basidiomycete samples were examined for resistance to Al. As, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, H, Hg2(I), Hg(II), Ni, Pb, Sn, and Zn using a micro‐well technique. Aluminium was found to be slightly toxic; Be, Zn, and As moderately toxic; Cr, Cu, Sn, Co, Hg(II), Ni, Hg2(I), and Pb toxic: and Cd very toxic. Generally, the fungitoxicity rises with increasing electronegativity of the element, if we exclude As and Cd. According to the fungal reactions, the elements can be arranged into several groups with similar toxicity: The Cu‐Hg2(I)‐Hg(II)‐Ni group, the Al‐Cr‐H group, and the As‐Pb‐Zn group. Tin is related both to the first and the second group. Beryllium, Cd, and Co occupy more isolated positions. Resistance to Hg, Ni, and Cu generally increases with the ability of the fungus to produce phenoloxidases, especially the intracellular tyrosinase. One explanation may be that these fungi decompose the substances that actually bind Hg, Ni, and Cu and hence protect them from the toxic action. Resistance to A1 and H (expressed as pH) may be higher in fungi from poor soils. The physiological effect of soluble A1 on fungi seems to depend more on its ability to release H3O+ in the medium than on the toxic action of the metal itself. On the other hand, resistance to Cd is possibly higher in fungi from rich soils, probably because toxicity of Cd usually increase with pH.
The lichen genus Phaeophyscia in China and Russian Far East
Authors: Moberg Roland 
Published: March 2008

Moberg, R. 1995. The lichen genus Phaeophyscia in China and Russian Far East. ‐Nord. J. Bot. 15: 319–335. Copenhagen ISSN 0107–055X.Fifteen species, more than half of the total known species in the lichen genus Phaeophyscia, are shown to be present in China and Russian Far East. Morphology, anatomy, chemistry, distribution, habitat, relations to other taxa and some evolutionary trends are discussed. A key to the species is presented and regional distribution maps of all species are given. Several species are new to the area. New combinations are: Phaeophyscia endococcina var. endococcinodes and Phaeophyscia hispidula var. exornatula. The following names are reduced to synonymy: Phaeophyscia endococcinodes, Physcia endococcinodes var. megalospora, Physcia endococcinodes var. stellata, Phaeophyscia imbricata, Phaeophyscia exornatula, Phaeophyscia limbata, and Physcia endococcina var. latiloba.
Cytological and morphological differentiation in Caralluma burchardii (Asclepiadaceae)
Authors: Meve U. 
Published: March 2008

Meve, U. 1995. Cytological and morphological differentiation in Carallurna burchardii (Asclepiadaceae). — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 459–467. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. Caralluma burchardii is revised based on detailed investigations of vegetative and floral morphology, as well as chromosome numbers. The species is now divided into two taxa, the dodecaploid ssp. burchardii, an endemic of the Canary Islands, and ssp. rnaura, a hexaploid from the west coast of Morocco. The high ploidy levels involved, the highest known in the Asclepiadaceae, are discussed in conjunction with biogeographical aspects.
The phylogenetic position of Aulotandra (Zingiberaceae)
Authors: Harris David J. , Newman Mark F. , Hollingsworth Michelle L. , Möller Michael , Clark Alexandra 
Published: March 2008

The phylogenetic position ofAulotandra (Zingiberaceae).—Nord. J. Bot. 23: 725–734. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X.Molecular data for 41 representatives of Zingiberaceae are analysed focusing on the phylogenetic position of Aulotandra and its relationship to Siphonochilus. Sequence divergences indicate that accessions of Aulotandra from Madagascar are closest to those of African Siphonochilus in both ITS and trnL‐F data sets, indicating a close relationship. Together these genera form a highly supported monophyletic clade. This African‐Madagascan lineage is sister to the rest of the family with African, Asian and South American members, showing that Aulotandra does not belong in the tribe Alpinieae, where it has been traditionally placed, but in the subfamily Siphonochiloideae with the genus Siphonochilus.
The Risks of Autologous Predonation
Authors: Baele Philippe L. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAs with any therapeutic modality, autologous predonation is not devoid of risks. Ten to fifteen years ago, w hen the risk of transmitting viral diseases by transfusing allogeneic blood was substantial, the balance of risks was obvious and autologous predeposit represented a suitable technique for most elective surgical procedures. Since the early eighties the risk of transmitting HBV, HCV, HIV and related viruses has decreased by a factor of 300 or more in most developed countries, as a result of improved donor selection and improved serological testing1–5. It remains true that the transfusion system, especially through its use of pooled products, potentially constitutes a very efficient way of spreading new infectious agents that escape available detection techniques.Like allogeneic blood, autologous blood also carries risks other than viral risks. It may therefore seem appropriate to reassessthe balance of risksfor autologous predeposit. By analogy with allogeneic transfusion, risks could be divided into risks to the donor, risks to the recipient, even if donor and recipient are meant to be the same person, and risksto third parties.
Red Blood Cell Apheresis is a cost‐effective procedure to avoid Allogeneic Transfusion
Authors: Cher Nadia Rosen , Woimant Geneviève 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYIn the last decade, clinical investigators have focused attention on interventions to decrease the use of allogeneic blood products in surgical patients, especially in orthopedic joint surgery. Repeated Preoperative Autologous Donation (PAD) of whole blood is now widely accepted as an alter native to allogeneic transfusion1. The most import ant criticisms of this procedure deal with its cost‐effectiveness2–4, the moderate anemia induced by the technique and the organizational difficulties of the method. Red Blood Cell apheresis(RBC apheresis) is also a preoperative autologous blood donation, as it is performed three weeks prior to surgery, but 3 RBC units can be collected by apheresis on one occasion. The quality of apheresis packed red eells collected 30 days prior to surgery is similar to RBC from manual whole blood collection5.
Autologous Blood Predonation Versus Acute Normovolemic Hemodilution
Authors: Monk Terri G. 
Published: March 2008

SUMMARYAutologous blood donation is a standard of care for elective surgical procedures requiring blood transfusion. Preoperative autologous blood donation (PAD) and acute normovolemic hemodilution (ANH) are both recommended autologous blood procurement strategies that reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusions. Limitations of PAD include a high wastage of donated blood and poor cost‐effectiveness. In addition, this technique promotes preoperative anemia and a liberal transfusion policy. ANH is a “point‐of‐care” strategy that can be performed in the operating room, thereby decreasing the cost and wastage of blood. Clinical studies have demonstrated that PAD and ANH have similar efficacy and outcomes in urologic surgery. However, studies comparing these techniques in orthopedic surgery are equivocal. Cost comparisons have demonstrated that ANH is a less costly blood procurement technique than PAD. Additional clinical trials are necessary to further define the role for these autologous blood conservation modalities.